bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The IFT80/Hedgehog Pathway Regulates the Osteogenic-adipogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Jiang Mingyang , Zhang Ke , Hu Yang , Lu Shenyi , Wei Guiqing , Liu Kaicheng , Chen Chuanliang , Zou Xiaochong , Dai Yongheng , Gui Ying , Wu Jing , Bo Huan , Bo Zhandong
Published: April 2024

Background:

Steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head
(SANFH) is a typical refractory disease that often progresses irreversibly and has a high
disability rate. Numerous studies have confirmed that abnormal osteogenic-adipogenic
differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) is one of the major
factors of SANFH. However, the mechanism remains to be elucidated.

Objectives:

This study aimed to investigate the function of the IFT80/Hedgehog pathway
in the osteogenic-adipogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs.

Methods:

Femoral head specimens of SANFH patients and femoral neck fractures (FNFs)
patients were collected to detect the expression of IFT80, Shh and osteogenic-adipogenic
differentiation-related genes by immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blot (WB)
and Reverse Transcription Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). Based
on the rabbit SANFH model, the mRNA expression and protein level of IFT80 and Shh
were detected by RT-qPCR and WB. After the osteogenic-adipogenic differentiation
based on rabbit BM-MSCs, the IFT80, Gli, PPAR-γ, and Runx2 expression were detected.
Differences in alkaline phosphodiesterase activity, calcium nodule, quantification/distribution
of lipid droplets, expression of IFT80/Hedgehog axis, and the level of osteogenic-
adipogenic associated factors were determined after IFT80 overexpression.

Results:

RT-qPCR, WB and IHC revealed that IFT80 was highly expressed in the osteoblasts
and intra-trabecular osteocytes at the edge of trabeculae and in the intercellular
matrix of the bone marrow lumen; Shh was highly expressed in the osteoblasts and intra-
trabecular osteocytes at the edge of trabeculae. The Runx2 expression was low,
while the PPAR-γ expression was high in both human specimens and animal models of
SANFH, suggesting that the balance of osteogenic-adipogenic differentiation was dysregulated.
Rabbit BM-MSCs with stable overexpression of IFT80 showed increased alkaline
phosphatase activity after induction of osteogenic differentiation, increased calcium
nodule production, and decreased adipogenesis after induction of adipogenic differentiation.

Conclusion:

There is a dysregulation of the balance of osteogenic-adipogenic differentiation
in SANFH. IFT80 may inhibit adipogenic differentiation while promoting osteogenic
differentiation in rabbit BM-MSCs by activating the Hedgehog pathway.
Alpha-lipoic Acid: An Antioxidant with Anti-aging Properties for
Disease Therapy
Authors: Shanaida Mariia , Lysiuk Roman , Mykhailenko Olha , Hudz Nataliia , Abdulsalam Abdullateef , Gontova Tetiana , Oleshchuk Oleksandra , Ivankiv Yana , Shanaida Volodymyr , Lytkin Dmytro , Bjørklund Geir
Published: April 2024

The anti-aging effects of alpha-lipoic acid (αLA), a natural antioxidant synthesized
in human tissues, have attracted a growing interest in recent years. αLA is a short-
-chain sulfur-containing fatty acid occurring in the mitochondria of all kinds of eukaryotic
cells. Both the oxidized disulfide of αLA and its reduced form (dihydrolipoic acid,
DHLA) exhibit prominent antioxidant function. The amount of αLA inside the human
body gradually decreases with age resulting in various health disorders. Its lack can be
compensated by supplying from external sources such as dietary supplements or medicinal
dosage forms. The primary objectives of this study were the analysis of updated information
on the latest two-decade research regarding the use of αLA from an anti-aging
perspective. The information was collected from PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Scopus,
ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Google Scholar, and clinicaltrials.gov. Numerous in
silico, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies revealed that αLA shows a protective role in
biological systems by direct or indirect reactive oxygen/nitrogen species quenching.
αLA demonstrated beneficial properties in the prevention and treatment of many age-related
disorders such as neurodegeneration, metabolic disorders, different cancers,
nephropathy, infertility, and skin senescence. Its preventive effects in case of
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are of particular interest. Further mechanistic and
clinical studies are highly recommended to evaluate the wide spectrum of αLA therapeutic
potential that could optimize its dietary intake for prevention and alleviation disorders
related to aging.
Nanotechnology in Orthodontics: Unveiling Pain Mechanisms, Innovations,
and Future Prospects of Nanomaterials in Drug Delivery
Authors: Sharma Divya , Kumar Shiv , Garg Yogesh , Chopra Shruti , Bhatia Amit
Published: April 2024

Orthodontic pain is characterized by sensations of tingling, tooth discomfort, and intolerance. According
to the oral health report, over forty percent of children and adolescents have undergone orthodontic
treatment. The efficacy of orthodontic treatment involving braces can be compromised by the diverse levels of
discomfort and suffering experienced by patients, leading to suboptimal treatment outcomes and reduced patient
adherence. Nanotechnology has entered all areas of science and technology. This review provides an
overview of nanoscience, its application in orthodontics, the underlying processes of orthodontic pain, effective
treatment options, and a summary of recent research in Nano-dentistry. The uses of this technology in
healthcare span a wide range, including enhanced diagnostics, biosensors, and targeted drug delivery. The reason
for this is that nanomaterials possess distinct qualities that depend on their size, which can greatly enhance
human well-being and contribute to better health when effectively utilized. The field of dentistry has also experienced
significant advancements, particularly in the past decade, especially in the utilization of nanomaterials
and technology. Over time, there has been an increase in the availability of dental nanomaterials, and a diverse
array of these materials have been extensively studied for both commercial and therapeutic purposes.
Novel Piperazine Derivatives as Potent Antihistamine, Anti-Inflammatory, and
Anticancer Agents, their Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Rasheed Ameer Mohammed , Shetty Kannika Krishnappa , Roy Lairikyengbam Deepti , Kumar Jyotsna
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

In this study, a series of novel piperazine derivatives were synthesised with high-to-good
yields, and their structural analogies were confirmed using FTIR, 1H-NMR, and LC-MS techniques.

Methods:

The synthesised compounds were evaluated for antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Among the four
synthesised piperazine derivatives, compound PD-2 exhibited relatively good antioxidant activity, with an IC50
value of 2.396 μg/mL, while the other three derivatives showed moderate to low antioxidant activity. Furthermore,
compound PD-2 displayed antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a gram-negative bacterium,
and Candida albicans, a fungus. However, all four compounds showed strong resistance against grampositive
bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus.

Results:

Additionally, compound PD-1 exhibited significant antihistamine activity, eliciting an 18.22% reduction
in histamine levels. Both PD-1 and PD-2 demonstrated noteworthy anti-inflammatory activity in a dosedependent
manner (5-10 μM), leading to the inhibition of nitrite production up to 39.42% and 33.7% at higher
concentrations (10 μM) and inhibition of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) generation up to 56.97% and
44.73% at 10 μM, respectively. Additionally, both novel molecules PD-1 and PD-2 effectively restrained the
growth of HepG2 cells in a manner that is dependent on the dosage up to 55.44% and 90.45% at the highest concentrations
(100 μg/mL), respectively.

Conclusion:

These findings substantiate the rationale for further investigation into the novel series of persuasive
piperazine analogues as potential agents with anti-inflammatory, antihistamine and anticancer properties.
Multimodality Imaging Evaluation of Nasal Rhabdomyosarcoma in Adults: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Chen Lujiao , Chen Bo , Yu Shanlu , Zhao Zhenhua , Shen Liyijing
Published: April 2024

Background:

Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) predominantly affects adolescents
aged 10-15 years and is distinguished by its high aggressiveness and adverse prognosis
compared with other sarcomas. It exhibits a pronounced tendency for lymphatic and hematogenous
metastases at early stages. ARMS commonly manifests in the limbs and genitourinary
system, with occurrences in the head and neck region being relatively uncommon. The role of
CT, MRI, and 18F-FDG positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography
(PET/CT) in the diagnostic process of ARMS is yet to be fully established.

Case Report:

We report the case of a 49-year-old woman who presented with hematological
nasal discharge for one month. CT imaging revealed a soft tissue mass in the left nasal cavity.
MRI demonstrated a marginally hypo- to isointense signal on T1-weighted images, a hyperintense
signal on T2-weighted images, and heterogeneous enhancement post-contrast. 18F-FDG
PET/CT identified a hypermetabolic lesion located within the left nasal cavity. Surgical intervention
entailed the excision of the left intranasal mass and the skull base lesion. Postoperative
pathological analysis indicated ARMS.

Conclusion:

Sinus ARMS is notably malignant and associated with a dismal prognosis. Accurate
diagnosis depends on histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation, complemented
by genetic analysis for specific chromosomal translocations and fusion genes. Imaging techniques,
including CT, MRI, and PET/CT, are crucial for assessing lesion extent and metastasis,
supporting disease diagnosis, informing treatment choices, facilitating surgical planning, and
monitoring response to therapy.
Prospects of Targeted Gene/Drug Delivery Vectors and their Potential Use in
Cancer Therapy
Authors: Muripiti Venkanna , Ravula Venkatesh , Patri Srilakshmi V.
Published: April 2024

Targeted gene and drug delivery vector developments have completely changed the therapeutic intervention by providing previously unheard-of
levels of accuracy and efficacy in treating various illnesses. Cancer is one such fatal disease plaguing people across the globe. This review article
highlights the potential uses of targeted delivery systems in the field of cancer treatment while providing a thorough examination of the state of the
art. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are being used to cure cancer, yet they can be frequently ineffective and have serious adverse effects.
Novel techniques for therapy have to be designed. Existing chemotherapy is being superseded by particular gene therapy used for genetic diseases.
Therefore, to deliver the therapeutic agent to the targeted place, a carrier or vector is needed. The current review is focused on targeted gene/drug
delivery vectors concerning i) cationic lipids that target single receptors ii) ligand-peptide conjugated cationic lipids iii) modalities for targeting
dual ligands for cancer therapy iv) passive versus active targeting v) properties of nano-formulations for gene and drug delivery. The most recent
developments in lipid customization for certain receptors overexpressed in cancer cells are covered to reduce side effects and improve treatment
results. By delving into the above areas, this review presents a broad overview of the changing field of cationic lipids in cancer therapy, giving
scientists and medical professionals insightful knowledge about the many strategies for ensuring precise and efficient drug delivery in the battle
against cancer.
Multifunctional Deep Eutectic Solvent-Catalyzed Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidinethiones: A Sustainable Approach for Green and Efficient Reactions
Authors: Khandebharad Amol U. , Arde Satyanaryan M. , Pardeshi Shrutika C. , Dhotre Bharat K. , Sarda Swapnil R.
Published: April 2024

Background:

This study investigates the synthesis of dihydropyrimidinethiones using
a multifunctional deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of Choline chloride (ChCl) and ammonium
thiocyanate. This DES serves as a catalyst, solvent, and reagent, providing a simple, highyielding,
and environmentally friendly method for dihydropyrimidinethione synthesis. The use
of DES in this capacity offers several advantages, including reduced environmental impact, high
efficiency, and ease of use, highlighting its potential as a sustainable alternative in organic synthesis.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to investigate the application of a deep eutectic solvent
(DES) composed of ChCl and ammonium thiocyanate as a catalytic solvent and reagent system
for synthesizing dihydropyrimidinethiones. The aim is to simplify the reaction setup, improve
yields, and enhance the green metrics of the process.

Methods:

ChCl and ammonium thiocyanate were combined to form a DES catalyst-solvent system.
Dihydropyrimidinethiones were synthesized in one-pot reactions at ambient temperature.
Green metrics and DES recovery were evaluated. Comparative analysis with traditional methods
was conducted.

Results:

The DES efficiently catalyzed dihydropyrimidinethione synthesis with high yields. Simplified
reaction setup, safe solvent properties, and favorable green metrics. DES was recoverable
and reusable, outperforming traditional methods in efficiency and eco-friendliness.

Conclusion:

The ChCl and ammonium thiocyanate DES demonstrated remarkable efficiency and
eco-friendliness in dihydropyrimidinethione synthesis. The toxicity-free, multifunctional roles of
the DES, serving as a catalyst, solvent, and reagent, highlight its novelty and potential as a sustainable
alternative in organic chemistry. This study simplifies the synthesis process and improves
yields and green metrics, showcasing the DES as a promising candidate for future research
and industrial applications.
The Ethical Dilemma Behind Dishonesty in Medical Profession
Authors: Mehboob Javeria , Kaiser Maha , Malik Shiza
Published: April 2024

It has been rightly said that greed is a curse. Medical professionals who are
either underqualified to treat their patients or are avaricious often prove to deal with the
profession with dishonesty. Such doctors or physicians are not only causing harm to the
patient’s life, but they are also proving to be havoc to society. Quackery is the term
used for such doctors who promote deceitful and oblivious medical practices. Such
practices are adopted by individuals who have a blinding ambition to excel, and in most
cases, it is the drive to amass as much wealth as possible in a short period until they are
caught or else for long. Such practices compel fake and uncompassionate doctors to
lose all compassion and empathy for fellow humans, both of which lie at the heart of
their sensitive profession. This chapter will evaluate the dishonest practices that are
adopted within the medical profession and the ethical issues that arise out of them. A
detailed insight will be put forth towards understanding the root causes of these
unethical practices and how to deal with them. The basic understanding will help the
readers acknowledge the importance of honesty, especially since the healthcare
profession is the most sensitive profession in society.
Assisted Reproductive Technology – Surrogacy: An Ethical Dilemma
Authors: Rashid Maria , Navaid Shiza , Aman Taskeen , Bano Zunaira , Malik Shiza
Published: April 2024

It has long been assumed that a woman's most important right is to be a
mother, but today, it takes quite a bit of proof to be called the mother of a child. Who
came first, the parent who became a parent or the parent who gave birth? Or do both
need to be present in order for it to be referred to as one? Such repugnant arguments are
the outcome of internalized societal shifts. Regrettably, it has come time for authorities
and ethics committees to decide who the mother of the child is. Simply insert a needle
and perform a DNA or birth test. These tests are pointless. The transformations that
society is experiencing now have both benefits and drawbacks. Both positive and
negative developments are absorbed by society. To determine if something is excellent
or harmful, society even sets the scale. But, it seems somewhat terrible to go through
the anguish of bearing a child inside of oneself for nine months and then give the baby
away after delivery. Renting a mother's womb is not permissible under any
circumstances, regardless of the contracts that have been written, the amount of money
that has been spent, or the number of prior unsuccessful attempts. For the very cause,
surrogacy is creating an ethical dilemma, especially in Pakistan. Assisted Reproductive
Technology (ART) techniques being employed in surrogacy are increasingly common
infertility alternatives. The introduction, historical context, types, and popularity of
surrogacy, as well as several ethical concerns it raises and how it deviates from
bioethics, are all briefly covered in this chapter. The information will help in finding
answers to various surrogacy-related questions on dignity, exploitation, rights, and the
use of women's bodies as commodities.
A Practical, Ethical, and Legal Guideline for Professional Therapists and Counselling Practices During the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Aqeel Muhammad , Chaman Aqsa , Shahid Hina
Published: April 2024

Professionals who consult online should understand the limitations of digital
consults and comprehend the numerous legal and ethical concerns that apply to this
task to maintain quality of service, prevent potential challenges, and support public
safely. This chapter discusses contemporary ethical guidelines in online mental health
care practice. The professional internet counselling ethical framework is explored in
this chapter. The different principles of ethical issues in counselling and psychotherapy
make it easy to understand the ethical responsibilities of online practice. It is important
for online professionals to keep in mind that not all clients and/or problems should or
can be resolved online. Some cases need in-office assessment or treatment. Online
communication and pseudonyms provide some level of privacy for receiving services;
therefore, it would be challenging for professionals to engage in therapeutic contact
with clients whose identities they do not know. A trained professional should insist on
knowing the identity of the online clients for two reasons. The client's safety is the
primary priority. It is important for the practitioner to be able to provide concrete
intervention if and when it is required. The main reason online professionals have to
verify their clients' identities is to prevent dual relationships. Professionals must follow
the limits of their professions and malpractice insurance policies when providing
professional services online. In simple words, online practitioners are only permitted to
provide professional care to customers who live in the state where the practitioner is
certified or licensed.
Effectiveness of Mobile-Based Progressive and Fixed Physical Activity on Depression, Stress, Anxiety, and Quality of Life Outcomes Among Adults in South Korea: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lee Ye Hoon , Kim Hyungsook , Hwang Juhee , Noh Sihyeon
Published: April 2024

Background

Depression acts as a significant obstacle to the overall well-being of individuals. Given the significant consequences, timely recognition and proactive steps to manage symptoms of depression become essential. Such actions not only reduce personal distress but also play a crucial role in reducing its far-reaching impact on society as a whole.

Objective

In response to this concern, the objective of this study was to explore the use of mobile-based interventions as a possible remedy. More specifically, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of 2 types of physical activity (PA), progressive and fixed, within a mobile-based app on depression, perceived stress, anxiety, physical health, and psychological health, aiming to contribute to the optimization of mental health benefits.

Methods

Participants (N=60; mean age 25.29, SD 6.10 years) were recruited using a combination of web-based and offline methods, and the study lasted for 8 weeks. The baseline and posttest questionnaires were administered to all participants. The participants were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 groups: progressive group (n=20; performing mobile-based progressive PA), fixed group (n=20; performing mobile-based fixed intensity PA), and control group C (n=20). Data analysis involved comparing scores between the experimental and control groups using a one-way ANOVA, paired sample t tests (2-tailed), and repeated measures ANOVA with a 3 (group)×2 (time) design.

Results

The findings revealed significant improvements in mental health indicators among participants engaged in both fixed and progressive PA groups compared with the control group. However, the fixed PA group demonstrated more significant reductions in symptoms. Specifically, the progressive PA group showed significant reductions in depression (F1,36=6.941; P=.01; ηp2=0.16) and perceived stress (F1,36=5.47; P=.03; ηp2=0.13), while the fixed PA group exhibited significant reductions in depression (F1,37=5.36; P=.03; ηp2=0.12), perceived stress (F1,37=7.81; P=.008; ηp2=0.17), and general anxiety disorder (F1,37=5.45; P=.03; ηp2=0.13) compared with the control group.

Conclusions

This study underscores the potential of mobile-based PA in improving mental health outcomes. The findings offer significant insights for mental health professionals and researchers aiming to optimize mental well-being through innovative mobile therapies.

Trial Registration

Clinical Research Information Service KCT0009100; https://tinyurl.com/mr33fmur
Is Boundary Annotation Necessary? Evaluating Boundary-Free Approaches to Improve Clinical Named Entity Annotation Efficiency: Case Study (Preprint)
Authors: Herman Bernardim Andrade Gabriel , Yada Shuntaro , Aramaki Eiji
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Named entity recognition (NER) is a fundamental task in natural language processing. However, it is typically preceded by named entity annotation, which poses several challenges, especially in the clinical domain. For instance, determining entity boundaries is one of the most common sources of disagreements between annotators due to questions such as whether modifiers or peripheral words should be annotated. If unresolved, these can induce inconsistency in the produced corpora, yet, on the other hand, strict guidelines or adjudication sessions can further prolong an already slow and convoluted process.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to address these challenges by evaluating 2 novel annotation methodologies, lenient span and point annotation, aiming to mitigate the difficulty of precisely determining entity boundaries.

METHODS

We evaluate their effects through an annotation case study on a Japanese medical case report data set. We compare annotation time, annotator agreement, and the quality of the produced labeling and assess the impact on the performance of an NER system trained on the annotated corpus.

RESULTS

We saw significant improvements in the labeling process efficiency, with up to a 25% reduction in overall annotation time and even a 10% improvement in annotator agreement compared to the traditional boundary-strict approach. However, even the best-achieved NER model presented some drop in performance compared to the traditional annotation methodology.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings demonstrate a balance between annotation speed and model performance. Although disregarding boundary information affects model performance to some extent, this is counterbalanced by significant reductions in the annotator’s workload and notable improvements in the speed of the annotation process. These benefits may prove valuable in various applications, offering an attractive compromise for developers and researchers.
Reading Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness: A Tale of ‘subalternity’ and ‘New Women’
Authors: Suman Avdhesh Kumar , Ranjan Dr Vibhash
Published: April 2024

Arundhati Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness offers a profound exploration of the evolving roles and responsibilities of women in Indian society. As usual, Arundhati Roy showed us how to become a champion of the downtrodden. Her latest work The Ministry of Utmost Happiness is evidence of her promises towards society. Not only does she depict the inhuman condition of subalterns but she also projected them as new faces of subjugated people who fight against prejudice and unjust society. The faces which have defied the discriminatory social norms and set their journey of respect and identity. This research endeavour is taken to critically analyse the novel which reflects on the two different lives lived by the different women and transgender characters. It will analyse two different presentations of the same women's character. One character is, one who has lived a life of disrespect, humiliation, and oppression. Other characters are the same but the difference lies in their evolving personalities. The evolved women are more resilient, empowered, independent, publicly stand-alone and challenge societal norms. The perspectives of ‘subalternity’ will be analysed from Ranajit Guha, Gayatri Chakraborty Spivak and the other scholars of the Subaltern Studies Group and the concept of ‘New Women’ will be analysed from the theory given by Sarah Grand. After analysing two different theoretical concepts the proposed studies will show how women and transgender subalterns become New Women in society.
Derechos humanos y Crítica Jurídica: historia, silencios y ausencias
Authors: Tapia Argüello Sergio Martín
Published: April 2024

El presente trabajo busca analizar históricamente el surgimiento del concepto “derechos humanos”. El objetivo de ello no es la búsqueda de un proceso lineal u originalista que cierre dicho concepto, sino una búsqueda de los silencios y las ausencias que las visiones tradicionales depositan en ellos.
Constitutional Amendment 106 Women Reservation - What can be Learned from 1/3rd PRI Reservation?
Authors: Priyanshi .
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Attaining gender inclusion and political empowerment is the goal of the historic Constitutional Amendment for Women's Reservation, which calls for a one-third reservation for women in Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs). The dynamics of women's participation in grassroots governance can be better understood by looking at the lessons learned from PRIs' implementation of the 1/3rd reservation. In rural local bodies, like as Panchayats, women were required to occupy one-third of the seats under the 73rd Amendment Act of 1992. In an effort to rectify past gender inequalities, increase women's representation in decision-making bodies, and boost their social and political standing, this proactive policy was put in place. The revolutionary effect on women's political engagement is one important takeaway from the one-third reservation in PRIs. Women were able to take part in local administration through the reserved seats, which helped them develop their leadership abilities and increase their visibility in public service. As a result, women's status in communities was enhanced, and decisionmaking became more inclusive and equal. The importance of prioritizing health, education, and social welfare issues is positively correlated with women's political representation, which is another lesson. To address pressing social issues, women PRI officials frequently fought for policies that would have a direct positive effect on women's and marginalized communities' quality of life. In addition, the 1/3rd reservation effort highlighted the significance of initiatives that strengthen the abilities of female leaders. To help women successfully carry out their responsibilities as leaders, educational and training programs were crucial in providing them with the information and abilities they needed to understand and handle the many facets of government. Even with these good results, there are still problems. In many cases, women are unable to reach their full leadership potential due to cultural biases, patriarchal attitudes, and resistance from established power structures. If we want women to have an impact in politics, we need to break down these entrenched stereotypes and create conditions where they feel comfortable taking an active role
Analysis of Imprisonment and Recidivism with Reference to Indian Laws
Authors: Choudhary Dr. Swapnil
Published: April 2024

In the modern era it is challenge before every country there is crimeless country or there should be less rate of crimes, but because of growth of the population the number of crimes increasing day by day. The current situation in all over the world is lack of prisons and if the reformation schemes implemented by the Governments the released Prisoners again and again committing same crimes for fulfill the needs or for taking the revenge from the members of the society. In the eyes of the law specific word used for the habitual criminals i.e. Recidivism. India's written constitution, which is the world's longest, demonstrates how a democratic society in the Republic of India takes every effort to preserve its citizens' rights. If not the greatest, the provisions given at least strive to ensure that their nationals' rights are safeguarded and not infringed, so that all inhabitants of the country live with the dignity that they deserve. In this pursuit, a lot of wrongdoers have been incarcerated for the crimes they committed. Often, when the cri
Design and Development of Line Following Tour Guide Robot
Authors: Chavan Prof Mallesh
Published: April 2024

The aim of this research project is to develop a Tour Guide Robot showing sufficient intelligence to work as a tourguide in different environments. In doing so, both a software and a hardware architecture are proposed, the different modules of which, such as a sensor, speaker, amplifier, motor(dc), and display, among others, control the different components of the robot. Those components are in turn used by other modules designed for navigation and interaction. A sensor fusion for the purposes of localization is implemented by means of an Arduino Uno Board, which is one of the control module components, together with the other sensors needed for path following. A speaker and amplifier system that controls the voice modules also forms part of this architecture for assisting interaction. Finally, all the modules are controlled with an Arduino Uno Board and programming language. The modules are optimized for immediate execution to achieve navigation and human–machine interaction. The interaction with visitors will be achieve through video display on an android tablet placed on top of the robot. The tour guide robot will display the video about the place it visits when the visitors press the video play button on the android tablet screen.
Review of Cloud-Based Smart Energy Meters
Authors: Kamble Smita P.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Smart meters represent a pivotal advancement inenergy management, offering numerous benefits to consumers and utility providers. This report provides an overview of smart meters, their functionalities, advantages, challenges, and broader implications for the energy industry. A smart meter is an advanced device that accurately measures electricity consumption. It's better than traditional meters, providing efficient tracking and insights into energy usage habits. Upgrade to a smart meter to make informed decisions and save money on electricity bills. These devices are a vital component of smart grid technology, which aims to enhance energy distribution and consumption efficiency, reliability, and sustainability. Modern technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), have many applications in the energy sector. IoT can help to improve energy efficiency, increase the utilization of renewable energy sources, and reduce the environmental impact of energy use. It can achieve these goals in energy supply, transmission, distribution, and demand. This paper reviews the literature on IoT in energy metering systems and its essential components, functionality, and advantages over conventional metering systems.
Experimental Investigation on Mechanical and Durability Properties of Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Rao Dr. A Krishna , Yashwanth M. , Karthik CH. , Abhijith M. , Pranay E.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Geopolymer concrete (GPC) is a new type of concrete that is made with alkaline activators and aluminosilicate materials, such as fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). GPC has several advantages over traditional Portland cement concrete (OPC), including higher early strength, better durability, and lower environmental impact. This paper presents an experimental analysis of the mechanical and durability properties of GPC. The mechanical properties investigated include compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity. The results show that GPC has comparable or better mechanical properties than OPC at all ages. GPC also has superior durability properties to OPC, with lower water absorption, higher acid resistance, and lower chloride permeability. The overall findings of this study indicate that GPC is a promising alternative to OPC for a wide range of applications. Since Geopolymer concrete doesn’t use any cement, the production of cement shall be reduced and hence the pollution of atmosphere by the emission of carbon dioxide shall also be minimized. Cement, being a key material of concrete, experiencing a rise in global demand. It has a massive carbon footprint having a contribution of about 8% to the global Carbon dioxide emissions. Geopolymer concrete has a huge potential to replace ordinary Portland concrete. For sustainable construction, GPC reduces the use of cement and finds the alternative of cement for the material's binding property. So, the geopolymer concrete is an alternative to Portland cement concrete and it is a potential material having large commercial value and for sustainable development in Indian construction industries.
STEM learning design to train student’s system thinking skills on climate change
Authors: Shofatun Anis , Herniani Elly , Mardiani Dinny
Published: April 2024

Climate change in coastal areas is a complex problem that involves value systems and requires various scientific disciplines. Integration of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) approach is needed in learning so that it can train students to think holistically, structured and systematically. This research was carried out with the aim of producing an appropriate STEM learning design to train students' systems thinking skills on climate change material. The type of research is research and development using the analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation (ADDIE) model. The trial subjects in this research were 28 class VIII students of SMP Muhammadiyah 12 GKB Gresik, East Java. The research instruments were validation sheets of lesson plan and student worksheets, observation sheets, and systems thinking skills assessment sheets. The research results show; (1) The Extraordinary Lesson Plan (ELP) and student worksheet of STEM learning design development which are measured through Aiken Validity with a value of 0.89 ≥ 0.6 in the valid category; (2) The STEM learning design developed is in the practical category with an average score of 3.5; and (3) students' systems thinking abilities in climate change material are in the good category. It can be concluded that the STEM learning design developed to train junior high school students' systems thinking skills was feasible to be used in learning.
Flipped classroom strategies in biology learning: A systematic literature review
Authors: Jasman Muh. Wahyudi , Sulisetijono S. , Mahanal Susriyati
Published: April 2024

Biology as an integral part of science learning continues to be maximized by integrating technology into its learning design. The definite manifestation of this integration process is to achieve meaningfulness, activeness, and effectiveness of the learning carried out. The flipped classroom (FC) is gaining popularity as a pedagogical model that uses the important benefits of technology in its learning environment. FC is proven to be an effective teaching mode that empowers students' 21st-century skills, stimulates students' self-learning, and improves academic performance. The potential of the FC is interesting to explore to what extent biology welcomes the FC. The aimed of this systematic literature review is to review and analyze articles published by Scopus indexed journals. We used the keywords "Flipped classroom and biology" in the search menu in the Scopus database and succeeded in finding 72 articles. There were 21 articles that met the criteria for further analysis. The inclusion and exclusion model used is PRISMA. The findings obtained are the trend of FC publications in biology learning over the last ten years. The approaches used in this research include quantitative, mixed method, case study and qualitative. Key words that are often used by writers are student, human, biology. The biology keyword has a branch, namely active learning. There are 9 countries of origin of authors who publish articles. The United States is a country that is active in publishing. Articles published on each continent are not evenly distributed. The dominant articles are published in collaboration with one country and rarely are articles published by one author. We have succeeded in formulating a picture of the existence of the FC in biology learning over the last ten years. These findings can be a consideration or reference for researchers to explore and study more deeply research related to the FC in biology learning based on their respective urgency.
Fatores correlacionados a Síndrome de Burnout entre acadêmicos: Estudo Transversal
Authors: Resende Mell Gomes , Santos Carlos Antonio Bueno dos , Lima Daniela Filgueira , Barbosa Luana Rodrigues , Souza Giovana Resende de , Barbosa Gustavo Carrijo
Published: April 2024

Despite being predominant in the workplace, Burnout Syndrome (BS) is becoming more and more frequent in the university environment. With the objective of verifying the prevalence of BS among students and correlating this variable with sociodemographic and health aspects, this cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 72 participants.The evaluation protocol consisted of a sociodemographic questionnaire, evaluation of Burnout Syndrome, depressive symptoms, general health, social aspects, and musculoskeletal symptoms. Spearman's correlation was used for statistical analysis. There was a predominance of BS among the sample (65.2%). Significant correlations were observed between social aspects and disbelief (p=0.016; r=-0.283), student efficacy (p=<0.001; r=-0.399) and depressive symptoms (p=<0.001; r=-0.547), as well as between general health and depressive symptoms (p=0.012; r=-0.295). Establishing this type of measure allows planning actions aimed at student assistance, prioritizing interventions and preventive practices that collaborate with health promotion in the university environment.
Rational and irrational influences on investing decisions
Authors: Karki Dipendra , Dahal Rewan Kumar , Bhattarai Ganesh
Published: April 2024

This study analyzes rational and irrational influences on individual investors’ investing decisions in the Nepalese stock market. By utilizing a sample size of 300 individuals, our research employs a dual-pronged approach involving exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA). One-dimensionality evaluation involves frequency and descriptive analyses, followed by the EFA and structural equation modeling (SEM). Principal component analysis (PCA), coupled with Varimax rotation, identifies five crucial factors (behavioral, accounting, firm image, attitude towards risk, and investing decisions) from the initial 32 variables. SEM revealed the significant influence of rational and irrational factors (Shefrin, 2016). The study has found some common behavioral aspects in most respondents; for example, most of them sell shares that have experienced an increase in value and avoid selling shares that have exhibited a decline in value. Likewise, most of them are heavily influenced by the opinions and actions of others. Accounting information and a firm’s image have a considerable favorable influence on investing decisions (Sachdeva et al., 2023). The implications of this research extend to investors, practitioners, and regulators, encouraging informed decision-making and market stability. This research enhances our understanding of investment dynamics by integrating logical and irrational elements.
Shareholder theory, stakeholder theory, and the capital budgeting decision
Authors: Danielson Morris G. , Hogan Karen M. , Olson Gerard T.
Published: April 2024

This paper constructs a capital budgeting framework within which shareholder theory and stakeholder theory are complements, not substitutes. Shareholder theory focuses managerial attention on a single goal: the maximization of a firm’s long-term value. Stakeholder theory identifies the necessary prerequisites for long-term value maximization. In particular, to create long-term value for shareholders, a firm must first create value for current and future customers and employees, and it must not do so at the expense of the broader community, or society as a whole. The new model is unique in that encourages managers making capital budgeting decisions to explicitly consider tail risks, defined as events that, while unlikely, could have a significant impact on a firm’s operations and valuation. Within this framework, the net present value (NPV) rule provides an objective decision rule to constrain managerial discretion and to balance the interests of competing stakeholders in the project selection process.
Insight into the ammonia decomposition/oxidation kinetics in ammonia protonic ceramic fuel cells via elementary modeling
Authors: You Jiacheng , Chen Jiangping , Liu Shunli , Fang Huihuang , Zhong Fulan , Luo Yu , Jiang Lilong
Published: April 2024

Protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) can efficiently convert the chemical
energy of fuel into electricity, with alternative fuel range. Ammonia
has been regarded as a promising fuel for PCFCs due to its carbon-free
and hydrogen-rich properties and easy storage/transportation. However,
the performance of ammonia PCFCs (NH3-PCFCs) is inferior to the hydrogen
PCFCs (H2-PCFCs) because of sluggish and complex kinetics at anode. In
this work, we establish an elementary reaction kinetic model for
NH3-PCFCs, investigate the effect of reaction parameters, and explore
the coupling mechanism between the ammonia decomposition and
electrochemical reaction. Importantly, the ammonia decomposition and
electrochemical reaction can be regulated by adjusting anode parameters,
then affecting the performance ratio of NH3-PCFCs and H2-PCFCs. Thus,
the ammonia-hydrogen performance ratio of the cell can exceed 95% at
550 ℃ after accelerating the ammonia decomposition reaction. Our work
provides insights into the kinetics in NH3-PCFCs for improving their
performance with optimization.
Physics-Informed Neural Networks with New Activation Function and Multi-Objective Optimization for Improving Estimation of Soil Hydraulic Properties
Authors: Fan Jize , Yan Xiaofei , Cheng Qiang
Published: April 2024

While physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) can solve the problem
pertaining to the absence of boundary conditions in soil water systems,
their results exhibit low accuracy primarily due to insufficient
utilization of the available prior knowledge regarding soil hydraulic
parameters. In this research, an improved PINNs framework is proposed,
which introduces an optimizable saturated hydraulic conductivity into
the activation function, and an advanced optimization strategy is
developed to identify the optimal superparameters for the
multi-objective loss function. The PINNs was trained using synthetic
volumetric soil water content (VSWC) and soil matric potential (SMP)
data generated by a numerical solution of the Richardson-Richards
equation (RRE) for three soil types (silt loam, loam and sandy loam).
The results show that the proposed framework increases the accuracy of
SMP estimations in the unsaturated soil system. The results reveal that
the relative error achieved by the proposed framework in loam or silt
loam has been reduced by two orders of magnitude in comparison with that
achieved by the framework introduced by Bandai and Ghezzehei (2020),
indicating a significant improvement. While there is a slight reduction
in the accuracy of volumetric soil water content estimation, this minor
reduction has minimal practical significance. Both the soil water
retention curve and the soil hydraulic conductivity exhibit superior
performance at the near-saturation scale. For unsaturated flow in
homogeneous soil, the proposed PINNs framework provides accurate
estimations of soil hydraulic parameters and holds significant potential
for the practical application and widespread adoption of PINNs in the
realm of soil hydrodynamics.
Correlation between oral cavity volume and upper airway changes in skeletal Class III patients undergoing bimaxillary orthognathic surgery: a pilot cone-beam computed tomography study
Authors: Li Gen , Chen Zhenwei , Li Yingyi , Cai Guanhui , Ruan Xiaolei , Wang Ting , Guan Zhaolan , Sun Lian , Wang Wei , Sun Wen , Wang Hua
Published: April 2024

Objectives

To evaluate changes of the upper airway and oral cavity volumes in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion undergoing bimaxillary orthognathic surgery, and to analyze the correlation between postoperative upper airway decrease and the amount of jaw movement and oral cavity volume reduction.

Materials and Methods

Thirty patients (16 males and 14 females) undergoing bimaxillary surgery were included. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the upper airway and oral cavity were performed using preoperative (T0) and postoperative (T1) (6 months) cone-beam computed tomography scans.

Results

The volume, sagittal area and minimum cross-sectional area of the upper airway were diminished (P < .001). The decrease in volume and minimum cross-sectional area in the oropharyngeal region of the upper airway were weakly correlated with B-point posterior movement (P < .05). Total oral cavity volume was decreased, with maxillary oral volume increasing and mandibular oral volume decreasing (P < .001). Upper airway decrease was highly correlated with total oral volume reduction and mandibular oral volume reduction, with the most significant correlation being with total oral volume reduction (P < .001).

Conclusions

Class III bimaxillary surgery reduced the volume, sagittal area, and minimum cross-sectional area of the upper airway as well as oral cavity volume. Upper airway changes were weakly correlated with anterior-posterior mandibular movement but significantly correlated with oral cavity volume changes. Thus, oral cavity volume reduction is a crucial factor of upper airway decrease in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion undergoing bimaxillary orthognathic surgery.