bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High Fat Diet Induces Adhesion of Platelets to Endothelium in Two Models of Dyslipidemia
Authors: Gonzalez Jaime , Donoso Wendy , Díaz Natalia , Albornoz María Eliana , Huilcaman Ricardo , Morales Erik , Moore-Carrasco Rodrigo
Published: September 2014

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent about 30% of all global deaths. It is currently accepted that, in the atherogenic process, platelets play an important role, contributing to endothelial activation and modulation of the inflammatory phenomenon, promoting the beginning and formation of lesions and their subsequent thrombotic complications. The objective of the present work was to study using immunohistochemistry, the presence of platelets, monocytes/macrophages, and cell adhesion molecules (CD61, CD163, and CD54), in two stages of the atheromatous process. CF-1 mice fed a fat diet were used to obtain early stages of atheromatous process, denominated early stage of atherosclerosis, and ApoE−/−mice fed a fat diet were used to observe advanced stages of atherosclerosis. The CF-1 mice model presented immunostaining on endothelial surface for all three markers studied; the advanced atherosclerosis model in ApoE−/−mice also presented granular immunostaining on lesion thickness, for the same markers. These results suggest that platelets participate in atheromatous process from early stages to advance d stages. High fat diet induces adhesion of platelets to endothelial cellsin vivo. These findings support studying the participation of platelets in the formation of atheromatous plate.
Effect of Phytase Treatment on Phosphate Availability in the Potential Food Supplement Corn Distillers’ Grains with Solubles
Authors: West Thomas P.
Published: October 2014

The most effective treatment of the potential food supplement corn distillers’ grains with solubles using a fungal phytase to degrade phytic acid and release phosphorus was explored. Compared to the untreated grains with solubles, the phytic acid level in the grains with solubles was reduced by phytase treatment but treatment with 4 units of enzyme/g was more effective than 2 units of enzyme/g after 2 h. At 30°C or 45°C, 4 units of phytase/g reduced the phytic acid content of the grains with solubles by at least 94% after 2 h. The available phosphate in the grains treated for 2 h with 4 units of enzyme/g was increased by at least 1.5-fold compared to the untreated grains. Although phytic acid levels in the grains with solubles was reduced at 28°C, 30°C, 37°C, 40°C, or 45°C using 4 units of phytase/g for 2 h, the greatest reduction (96%) in phytic acid concentration occurred at 40°C. The available phosphate in the phytase-treated grains at 40°C was increased after 2 h by 1.9-fold compared to the control grains. Overall, phytase treatment of this potential food supplement improved it by increasing its phosphate content while reducing its phytic acid content.
Visual Acuity Changes during Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iran
Authors: Mehdizadehkashi Khashayar , Chaichian Shahla , Mehdizadehkashi Abolfazl , Jafarzadepour Ebrahim , Tamannaie Zeinab , Moazzami Bahram , Pishgahroudsari Mohaddeseh
Published: September 2014

In this research, we represent the changes in visual acuity during pregnancy and after delivery. Changes as myopic shift start during second trimester and will be stopped after delivery; however it is obtained that women will have the same refractive error as what they had in the first trimester, after postpartum. So, any change in their spectacle prescription during this period is forbidden. As a result, not only changing in hormones can cause myopic shift in vision, but also overweight has its retributive role. What we are trying to do is to notify gynecologists and optometrists to be aware of these changes, so as to leave spectacle prescription writing to the session after postpartum period.
Pulmonary Hernia in a Two-Year-Old Child
Authors: Fine Jenna , Walters Bryan S. , Agnoni Alysia A. , Coppola Christopher P. , Scorpio Ronald J. , Kennedy Alfred P.
Published: September 2014

Pulmonary hernia, also known as lung herniation or intercostal herniation, is best explained as the lung parenchyma protruding beyond the confines of the thoracic wall. This rare finding can be classified as congenital or acquired. Acquired pulmonary herniations are often the complication of blunt or penetrating trauma to the chest wall. This report describes a two-year-old male who fell onto a rigid post, striking his left lower chest. Imaging studies demonstrated a small pneumothorax as well as pulmonary herniation. The patient underwent a diagnostic thoracoscopy and repair of a pulmonary hernia within the 7th intercostal space without complication. In this case report, we aim to add to the limited body of existing literature on the surgical management of pulmonary hernias.
An Undersea Mining Microseism Source Location Algorithm Considering Wave Velocity Probability Distribution
Authors: Du Furui , Hu Nailian , Xie Yuling , Li Guoqing
Published: September 2014

The traditional mine microseism locating methods are mainly based on the assumption that the wave velocity is uniform through the space, which leads to some errors for the assumption goes against the laws of nature. In this paper, the wave velocity is regarded as a random variable, and the probability distribution information of the wave velocity is fused into the traditional locating method. This paper puts forwards the microseism source location method for the undersea mining on condition of the probability distribution of the wave velocity and comes up with the solving process of Monte Carlo. In addition, based on the simulated results of the Monte Carlo method, the space is divided into three areas: the most possible area (area I), the possible area (area II), and the small probability area (area III). Attached to corresponding mathematical formulations, spherical models and cylindrical models in different areas are, respectively, built according to whether the source is in the sensor arrays. Both the examples and the actual applications show that (1) the method of microseism source location in this paper can highly improve the accuracy of the microseism monitoring, especially for the source beyond the sensor arrays, and (2) the space‐dividing method based on occurrence possibilities of the source can recognize and sweep the hidden dangers for it predicts the probable location range of the source efficiently, while the traditional method cannot.
Control of an Outbreak ofAcinetobacter baumanniiin Burn Unit in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North India
Authors: Sharma Shweta , Kaur Nirmaljit , Malhotra Shalini , Madan Preeti , Hans Charoo
Published: September 2014

Acinetobacterinfection is increasing in hospitals and now it is considered as a global threat, as it can be easily transmitted and remain viable in the hospital environment for a long time due to its multidrug-resistant status, resistance to desiccation, and tendency to adhere to inanimate surfaces. Outbreaks caused by multidrug-resistantAcinetobacter baumannii(MDRAB) are difficult to control and have substantial morbidity and mortality, especially in vulnerable host. Here we are describing an outbreak of multidrug-resistantAcinetobacter baumanniiin burn unit of a tertiary care hospital in India followed by its investigation and infection control measures taken to curtail the outbreak. Outbreak investigation and environmental sampling are the key factors which help in deciding the infection control strategies for control of outbreak. Implementation of contact precautions, hand hygiene, personnel protective equipment, environmental disinfection, isolation of patients, and training of health care workers are effective measures to control the outbreak of MDRAB in burn unit.
Recurrent Sinus Pauses: An Atypical Presentation of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Amor Martin Miguel , Eltawansy Sherif Ali , Osofsky Jeffrey , Holland Neil
Published: September 2014

Autonomic dysfunction related to seizures may give rise to a broad spectrum of cardiovascular abnormalities. Among these, ictal bradycardia and conduction delays may be encountered. Failure to recognize these abnormalities may contribute to sudden, unexplained death in epilepsy patients. We report a case of a Haitian female with temporal lobe epilepsy associated with recurrent sinus pauses.
High‐Accuracy and Fast‐Response Flywheel Torque Control
Authors: Zhou Xinxiu , Li Meng , Zhang Ran
Published: September 2014

Compared with current mode flywheel torque controller, speed mode torque controller has superior disturbance rejection capability. However, the speed loop delay reduces system dynamic response speed. To solve this problem, a two‐degrees‐of‐freedom controller (2DOFC) which consists of a feedback controller (FBC) and a command feedforward controller (FFC) is proposed. The transfer function of FFC is found based on the inverse model of motor drive system, whose parameters are identified by recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm in real‐time. Upon this, Kalman filter with softening factor is introduced for the improved parameters identification and torque control performances. Finally, the validity and the superiority of the proposed control scheme are verified through experiments with magnetically suspended flywheel (MSFW) motor.
Application of Handheld Tele-ECG for Health Care Delivery in Rural India
Authors: Singh Meenu , Agarwal Amit , Sinha Vineet , Manoj Kumar Rohit , Jaiswal Nishant , Jindal Ishita , Pant Pankaj , Kumar Munish
Published: September 2014

Telemonitoring is a medical practice that involves remotely monitoring patients who are not at the same location as the health care provider. The purpose of our study was to use handheld tele-electrocardiogram (ECG) developed by Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC) to identify heart conditions in the rural underserved population where the doctor-patient ratio is low and access to health care is difficult. The objective of our study was clinical validation of handheld tele-ECG as a screening tool for evaluation of cardiac diseases in the rural population. ECG was obtained in 450 individuals (mean age 31.49 ± 20.058) residing in the periphery of Chandigarh, India, from April 2011 to March 2013, using the handheld tele-ECG machine. The data were then transmitted to physicians in Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, for their expert opinion. ECG was interpreted as normal in 70% individuals. Left ventricular hypertrophy (9.3%) was the commonest abnormality followed closely by old myocardial infarction (5.3%). Patient satisfaction was reported to be ~95%. Thus, it can be safely concluded that tele-ECG is a portable, cost-effective, and convenient tool for diagnosis and monitoring of heart diseases and thus improves quality and accessibility, especially in rural areas.
ATR Inhibitors VE-821 and VX-970 Sensitize Cancer Cells to Topoisomerase I Inhibitors by Disabling DNA Replication Initiation and Fork Elongation Responses
Authors: Jossé Rozenn , Martin Scott E. , Guha Rajarshi , Ormanoglu Pinar , Pfister Thomas D. , Reaper Philip M. , Barnes Christopher S. , Jones Julie , Charlton Peter , Pollard John R. , Morris Joel , Doroshow James H. , Pommier Yves
Published: October 2014

Camptothecin and its derivatives, topotecan and irinotecan, are specific topoisomerase I (Top1) inhibitors and potent anticancer drugs killing cancer cells by producing replication-associated DNA double-strand breaks, and the indenoisoquinoline LMP-400 (indotecan) is a novel Top1 inhibitor in clinical trial. To develop novel drug combinations, we conducted a synthetic lethal siRNA screen using a library that targets nearly 7,000 human genes. Depletion of ATR, the main transducer of replication stress, came as a top candidate gene for camptothecin synthetic lethality. Validation studies using ATR siRNA and the ATR inhibitor VE-821 confirmed marked antiproliferative synergy with camptothecin and even greater synergy with LMP-400. Single-cell analyses and DNA fiber combing assays showed that VE-821 abrogates the S-phase replication elongation checkpoint and the replication origin–firing checkpoint induced by camptothecin and LMP-400. As expected, the combination of Top1 inhibitors with VE-821 inhibited the phosphorylation of ATR and Chk1; however, it strongly induced γH2AX. In cells treated with the combination, the γH2AX pattern changed over time from the well-defined Top1-induced damage foci to an intense peripheral and diffuse nuclear staining, which could be used as response biomarker. Finally, the clinical derivative of VE-821, VX-970, enhanced the in vivo tumor response to irinotecan without additional toxicity. A key implication of our work is the mechanistic rationale and proof of principle it provides to evaluate the combination of Top1 inhibitors with ATR inhibitors in clinical trials. Cancer Res; 74(23); 6968–79. ©2014 AACR.
Paclitaxel Therapy Promotes Breast Cancer Metastasis in a TLR4-Dependent Manner
Authors: Volk-Draper Lisa , Hall Kelly , Griggs Caitlin , Rajput Sandeep , Kohio Pascaline , DeNardo David , Ran Sophia
Published: October 2014

Emerging evidence suggests that cytotoxic therapy may actually promote drug resistance and metastasis while inhibiting the growth of primary tumors. Work in preclinical models of breast cancer has shown that acquired chemoresistance to the widely used drug paclitaxel can be mediated by activation of the Toll-like receptor TLR4 in cancer cells. In this study, we determined the prometastatic effects of tumor-expressed TLR4 and paclitaxel therapy and investigated the mechanisms mediating these effects. While paclitaxel treatment was largely efficacious in inhibiting TLR4-negative tumors, it significantly increased the incidence and burden of pulmonary and lymphatic metastasis by TLR4-positive tumors. TLR4 activation by paclitaxel strongly increased the expression of inflammatory mediators, not only locally in the primary tumor microenvironment but also systemically in the blood, lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, and lungs. These proinflammatory changes promoted the outgrowth of Ly6C+ and Ly6G+ myeloid progenitor cells and their mobilization to tumors, where they increased blood vessel formation but not invasion of these vessels. In contrast, paclitaxel-mediated activation of TLR4-positive tumors induced de novo generation of deep intratumoral lymphatic vessels that were highly permissive to invasion by malignant cells. These results suggest that paclitaxel therapy of patients with TLR4-expressing tumors may activate systemic inflammatory circuits that promote angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and metastasis, both at local sites and premetastatic niches where invasion occurs in distal organs. Taken together, our findings suggest that efforts to target TLR4 on tumor cells may simultaneously quell local and systemic inflammatory pathways that promote malignant progression, with implications for how to prevent tumor recurrence and the establishment of metastatic lesions, either during chemotherapy or after it is completed. Cancer Res; 74(19); 5421–34. ©2014 AACR.
New Strategies in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: Moving to an Entirely Oral, Chemotherapy-Free Upfront Management Approach
Authors: Zeidan Amer M. , Gore Steven D.
Published: October 2014

Incorporation of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) into the management paradigms of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has markedly improved outcomes. Significant progress occurred in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of APL. ATO, in contrast with ATRA, is capable of eradicating the APL-initiating cells and can result in cure. Preclinical and clinical data confirmed the synergy of ATO and ATRA, and the ATRA–ATO combination was proved noninferior to a standard ATRA–chemotherapy regimen in patients with non–high-risk APL. Oral formulations of arsenic exhibited excellent activity in advanced clinical testing and their combinations with ATRA offer an opportunity for a completely oral, chemotherapy-free regimen for curing APL. Nonetheless, significant challenges remain. Reducing early death due to bleeding complications is an important area of unmet need. Data suggest that delays in initiation of ATRA upon suspecting APL continue to occur in the community and contribute to early mortality. Questions remain about the optimal place and schedule of arsenic in the therapeutic sequence and the role of the oral formulations. Refining the role of minimal residual disease in directing treatment decisions is important. Development of novel targeted agents to treat relapsed disease requires deeper understanding of the secondary resistance mechanisms to ATRA and ATO. Clin Cancer Res; 20(19); 4985–93. ©2014 AACR.
Testing the Metal of ERCC2 in Predicting the Response to Platinum-Based Therapy
Authors: Turchi John J. , Woods Derek S. , Carozza Pamela VanderVere
Published: October 2014

Summary: DNA repair has been shown to affect the cellular response to platinum-based therapy in a variety of cancers; however, translating this knowledge to the clinic has proven difficult and yielded mixed results. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Van Allen and colleagues have analyzed responders and nonresponders to neoadjuvant platinum-based therapy with locally advanced urothelial cancer and identified a series of mutations in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) gene ERCC2 that correlate with the response to platinum-based therapy. This work provides evidence that defects in NER can be exploited to maximize the efficacy of conventional platinum-based chemotherapy. Cancer Discov; 4(10); 1118–9. ©2014 AACR.

See related article by Van Allen and colleagues, p. 1140
Clinical Correlation between Placido, Scheimpflug and LED Color Reflection Topographies in Imaging of a Scarred Cornea
Authors: Kanellopoulos Anastasios John , Asimellis George
Published: October 2014

This case report aims to evaluate safety, efficacy and feasibility of anterior surface imaging by a novel point-source reflection topographer, in comparison to four other corneal imaging modalities. A 17-year-old female patient, clinically diagnosed with chronic herpetic keratitis in her left eye was imaged by a novel multicolored-spot reflection topography system. We comparatively investigated elevation and curvature maps between the novel topographer and established Placido disk topography and Scheimpflug tomography systems. Pachymetry maps were compared between the Scheimpflug system and anterior-segment optical coherence tomography system. The Placido system failed to properly register the abnormal anterior surface due to incomplete mire registration, while the Scheimpflug topometry device imaged the anterior surface properly, but not the posterior (due to media opacity), and thus pachymetry was highly irregular and erroneous in this case. Imaging of corneas infected with herpes simplex virus keratitis has been rare; we have not identified any such documentation in the peer review literature in the last 10 years. This novel multicolored-spot reflection topography imaging may offer successful corneal imaging in cases where established clinical topography systems may fail to produce accurate reconstruction of the corneal shape. This is an important case demonstrating exceptional clinical feasibility in such rare cases offered by a newly introduced technology in ophthalmic imaging.
Rhodotorula Keratitis: A Rarely Encountered Ocular Pathogen
Authors: Giovannini Joseph , Lee Rick , Zhang Sean X. , Jun Albert S. , Bower Kraig S.
Published: October 2014

Purpose: To describe a case of fungal keratitis involving an atypical organism with confirmatory in vivo confocal microscopy and to review the literature on Rhodotorula keratitis. Methods: Case report and review of the medical literature. Results: A 22-year-old college student was struck in the left eye with a tree branch and subsequently developed pain, redness and photophobia. Upon presentation, visual acuity was 20/200 and there was a large epithelial defect with diffuse stromal inflammation involving the anterior one-third of the cornea. Cultures of the infiltrate were performed for bacterial, viral and fungal organisms that resulted in a positive culture for Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Fungal elements were confirmed in vivo by confocal microscopy. The patient was treated with voriconazole initially and had amphotericin added once Rhodotorula infection was confirmed. The patient responded well clinically, and one month after therapy was initiated, the corneal infiltrate had resolved leaving mild anterior stromal haze. Upon completion of therapy at three months, the patient was asymptomatic, had a clear cornea and had a best corrected visual acuity of 20/20 in the involved eye. There was no measurable change in his manifest refraction. Conclusions: Prior cases of Rhodotorula keratitis most often required surgical intervention and were associated with poor outcomes. This case shows that Rhodotorula keratitis can be successfully treated with topical antifungal agents if diagnosed early and appropriate treatment is initiated promptly. We report the first case of Rhodotorula keratitis confirmed by in vivo confocal microscopy. This is also the first description of pseudomycelium formation that has not been previously described in vivo, a morphological structure that this organism rarely demonstrates. Finally, this case shows that confocal microscopy may aid in the early diagnosis and management of fungal keratitis involving this rare but potentially damaging organism.
Radiographic Predictors of Lead Conductor Fracture
Authors: Krahn Andrew D. , Morissette Josée , Lahm Ryan , Haddad Tarek , Baxter Walt W. , McVenes Rick , Crystal Eugene , Ayala-Paredes Félix , Cameron Doug , Verma Atul , Simpson Christopher S. , Exner Derek V. , Birnie David H.
Published: September 2014

Background—

Lead fracture is a limiting factor in high voltage lead durability. Fractures noted with the Medtronic Fidelis leads provide an opportunity to examine factors captured on implant chest x-ray that correlate with risk for lead conductor fracture. We evaluated contributory factors in a large population of fractures.

Methods and Results—

We conducted a retrospective case–control study at 8 Canadian centers that routinely capture anterior posterior and lateral chest x-rays within 2 weeks of implant. Cases were patients that experienced confirmed Medtronic Fidelis 6949 lead fracture based on standard definitions, matched one-to-one to controls for date of implant, sex, and age with normally functioning Fidelis leads from the same center. Select chart data and x-rays were collected for all patients. Radiographic measurements by ≥2 individuals per case/control were blinded to patient status. The data were analyzed using a time to failure multivariable Cox proportional hazards model with stratification for each matched pair. X-ray pairs from 111 fracture patients were compared with 111 controls (age 61.5±12.8 years, 75% male, 221 model 6949 leads). Six parameters included in the statistical analysis were significantly associated with risk of fracture, including slack/tortuosity measures, pulse generator and superior vena cava coil location, and angle of lead exit from the pocket.

Conclusions—

Pocket, intravascular and intracardiac lead characteristics on x-ray correlate with risk of lead conductor fracture. These observations may be useful to direct implant technique to optimize lead durability. Validation in larger populations and other lead models may inform the application of these results.
Multiple Autonomic and Repolarization Investigation of Sudden Cardiac Death in Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Controls
Authors: Pezawas Thomas , Diedrich André , Winker Robert , Robertson David , Richter Bernhard , Wang Li , Byrne Daniel W. , Schmidinger Herwig
Published: September 2014

Background—

Prophylactic defibrillator implantation is recommended in dilated, nonischemic heart disease and left ventricular ejection fraction of ≤0.30 to 0.35. Noninvasive testing should improve accuracy in decision making of prophylactic defibrillator implantation.

Methods and Results—

We enrolled 60 patients (median age, 57 years) with dilated cardiomyopathy and left ventricular ejection fraction ≤0.50, and 30 control subjects (median age, 59 years) with left ventricular ejection fraction >0.50. The protocol included an initial assessment, a second assessment after 3 years, and a final follow-up: pharmacological baroreflex testing (baroreceptor reflex sensitivity), short-term spectral analysis of heart rate variability (low frequency/high frequency), and long-term time domain analysis (SD of all normal-to-normal R–R intervals), exercise microvolt T wave alternans, and signal-averaged ECG, and corrected QT-time. The median follow-up was 7 years. End points were cardiac death, resuscitated cardiac arrest, and arrhythmic death. Cardiac death was observed in 21 patients. Resuscitated cardiac arrest and arrhythmic death caused by ventricular tachyarrhythmias ≥240 per minute was observed in 7 and 10 patients, respectively. In the single time point analysis, microvolt T wave alternans, baroreceptor reflex sensitivity, and SD of all normal-to-normal R–R intervals at initial testing added significant information regarding cardiac death. Microvolt T wave alternans added information on resuscitated cardiac arrest or arrhythmic death at multiple time points (
P
<0.001). False-negative microvolt T wave alternans results were seen in 8% of patients.

Conclusions—

Noninvasive testing and left ventricular ejection fraction could not reliably identify patients with dilated cardiomyopathy at risk of fatal ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Therefore, the strategy to confine prophylactic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation to patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and severely reduced LV function should be reconsidered.
Early Referral for Ablation of Scar-Related Ventricular Tachycardia Is Associated With Improved Acute and Long-Term Outcomes
Authors: Dinov Borislav , Arya Arash , Bertagnolli Livio , Schirripa Valentina , Schoene Katharina , Sommer Philipp , Bollmann Andreas , Rolf Sascha , Hindricks Gerhard
Published: September 2014

Background—

The effects of time to referral for catheter ablation (CA) of scar-related ventricular tachycardia (VT) on acute success, VT recurrence, and cardiac mortality are unclear.

Methods and Results—

We investigated 300 patients after CA of sustained VT. CA was performed within 30 days after the first documented VT in 75 (25%) patients (group 1), between 1 month and 1 year in 84 (28%) patients (group 2), and >1 year after the first VT occurrence in 141 (47%) patients (group 3). The end points were noninducibility of any VT after CA (acute success), VT recurrence and cardiac mortality after 2 years. Acute success was achieved in 66 (88%) patients in group 1, 68 (81%) in group 2, and in 99 (70.2%) in group 3 (
P
=0.008). During the 2-year follow-up period, VT recurred in 28 (37.3%) patients in group 1, 52 (61.9%) patients in group 2, and 91 (64.5%) patients in group 3 (
P
<0.0001). Recurrence-free survival was higher in group 1, as compared with group 2 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.85;
P
=0.009) and group 3 (HR, 2.04;
P
=0.001). No survival difference was observed between groups 1 and 2 (HR, 0.85;
P
=0.68) and groups 1 and 3 (HR, 1.13;
P
=0.73). β-blocker therapy, VT of ischemic origin, and complete success were associated with VT-free survival. VT recurrence (HR, 1.91;
P
=0.037) predicted cardiac mortality.

Conclusions—

CA of scar-related VT performed within 30 days after the first documented VT was associated with improved acute and long-term success. VT recurrence, but not the early referral for CA, was associated with cardiovascular mortality.
Book review: Ontology of Production: Three Essays, written by Nishida Kitarō
Authors: Murthy Viren
Published: October 2014

This is a review-essay on William Haver’s recent translation of three essays by Nishida Kitarō in a volume entitledOntologies of Production. Nishida is one of the founders of the famous Kyoto School of philosophy and, while his philosophy is not really Marxist, Haver attempts to bring Nishida into dialogue with Marx in his Introduction and through his selection of essays to translate. I attempt to situate Haver’s translation in a brief discussion of a recent debate on how to write modern Japanese intellectual history and, through this examination, I suggest a framework for analysing modern intellectual history drawing on the work of Harry Harootunian, Moishe Postone and Jacques Bidet. In short, this framework attempts to relate the production of ideas to the temporal dynamic associated with capital, the commodity-form and other related mediations that make up the modern global capitalist system. Then I turn to Haver’s Introduction and translations and both explain some of the key concepts of Nishida and show how, using the framework that I outlined, Nishida’s work can be conceived of as failing to understand its own conditions of possibility in the multiple mediations of capitalism. For this reason, Nishida’s work, like many other romantic critiques of capitalism, criticises the abstractions of modernity at an abstract level, failing to account for the mediations of capitalism such as class and the commodity.
Book review: Spatiality, Sovereignty and Carl Schmitt: Geographies of the Nomos, written by Stephen Legg
Authors: Nieuwenhuis Marijn
Published: October 2014

Spatiality, Sovereignty and Carl Schmitt: Geographies of the Nomosis an edited volume by Stephen Legg. The book was published in the midst of accruing attention to the issues of space and order in the writings of Carl Schmitt. The objective of the book must, therefore, be understood as a critical analysis of the different ways Schmitt’s concepts can inform and have informed the study of geopolitics. This review will provide a critical summary of the main themes in the book and analyse the arguments made for and against using Schmitt. I will additionally assess the ways in which Marxist Geography can benefit from critically engaging with Schmitt. It will be argued that a critical engagement with Schmitt should start from a contextualised position and a subsequent fertile negation of his thinking.
Two new skinks (Scincidae: Glaphyromorphus) from rainforest habitats in north-eastern Australia
Authors: HOSKIN CONRAD J. , COUPER PATRICK J.
Published: September 2014

Tropical rainforest is largely restricted in Australia to the fairly continuous Wet Tropics region and disconnected patches to the north on Cape York. The Wet Tropics is relatively well explored and studied, whereas the rainforests of Cape York have received less attention due to their remoteness. Here we describe two new species of Glaphyromorphus skinks from rainforest areas on Cape York. The two new species are most similar to each other and to G. fuscicaudis and G. nigricaudis, but both are readily diagnosed on numerous traits. Glaphyromorphus othelarrni sp. nov. is diagnosed from all similar species by its supralabial count (typically 8 vs 7), high number of subdigital lamellae beneath the 4th finger (14–15 vs < 14), and its relatively longer limbs. Glaphyromorphus nyanchupinta sp. nov. is diagnosed from all similar species by its small body size (max SVL = ~ 54 mm vs > 85 mm) and slender body shape, low number of subdigital lamellae beneath the 4th toe (17–20 vs generally 20 or more), and head and body pattern. Both species also differ from each other and similar congeners in other aspects of body shape, scalation and colour pattern. Glaphyromorphus othelarrni sp. nov. is restricted to boulder-strewn rainforest of the Melville Range, whilst Glaphyromorphus nyanchupinta sp. nov. is known only from upland rainforest in the McIlwraith Range. We discuss patterns of rainforest vertebrate endemism on Cape York, and the importance of lithorefugia in generating these.
Description of Amplimerlinius uramanatiensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Merliniidae) and observations on three other species of the genus from Iran
Authors: GHADERI REZA , KAREGAR AKBAR
Published: September 2014

A new species of the genus Amplimerlinius  is described and illustrated from the rhizosphere of Vitis sp. from Kurdistan province in western Iran. A. uramanatiensis sp. n. is characterized by having seven to eight head annuli up to the end of the outer extension of the cephalic framework, 29–31 µm long stylet and cylindrical-clavate tail with a thin hyaline region (9–11 µm) and smooth terminus. Furthermore, A. paraglobigerus and A. macrurus were identified and intra-specific variability of A. globigerus was studied in detail, based on 21 populations collected from different regions of Iran. A key and diagnostic compendium to the species of the genus is provided.
New Palaeogene horntail wasps (Hymenoptera, Siricidae) and a discussion of their fossil record
Authors: Wedmann Sonja , Pouillon Jean-Marc , Nel André
Published: September 2014

The phylogenetic placement of siricid hymenopterans and especially the relationships among Siricidae are not resolved, and are in need of further investigation. The fossil record helps to illuminate the evolutionary history of this group. In this paper, Xoanon? eocenicus sp. nov. is newly described from the Eocene Fossillagerstätte Grube Messel (Germany). Although several characters of the wing venation of this fossil are similar to the extant genus Xoanon, there remain some doubts concerning the generic placement. A newly found fossil is attributed to Urocerus ligniticus (Piton, 1940) from the Paloecene Fossillagerstätte Menat (France) and provides more morphological information on this species. An overview of the fossil record of Siricidae in the strict sense is given and the state of knowledge on the different fossils is reviewed.
Cyrtodactylus saiyok sp. nov., a new dry evergreen forest-dwelling Bent-toed Gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Kanchanaburi Province, western Thailand
Authors: PANITVONG NONN , SUMONTHA MONTRI , TUNPRASERT JITTHEP , PAUWEL OLIVIER S. G.
Published: September 2014

We describe Cyrtodactylus saiyok sp. nov. from a dry evergreen forest on a limestone hill in Khao Krajae, Sai Yok District, Kanchanaburi Province, western Thailand. It is characterized by a maximal known SVL of 61.0 mm; 18–19 longitudinal rows of dorsal tubercles; 23 or 24 ventral scale rows between ventrolateral skin folds; a continuous series of enlarged femoro-precloacal scales, including 5 pore-bearing precloacal scales (males); no precloacal groove or depression; transversely enlarged subcaudal scales; a complete black nuchal loop; a W-shaped band above shoulders and 3–5 irregular, medially interrupted or not, black dorsal bands between limb insertions. Cyrtodactylus saiyok sp. nov. is the sixth reptile species that is possibly endemic to Sai Yok District.
On the identity of Trichogramma demoraesi Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), with a checklist and a key to Trichogramma species associated with Erinnyis ello (L.) (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) in Brazil
Authors: VIEIRA JACI M. , QUERINO RANYSE B. , ZUCCHI ROBERTO A.
Published: September 2014

Specimens collected from eggs of the cassava hornworm Erinnyis ello, originally identified as T. demoraesi, were compared with the paratype of this species. Based on morphological analysis, the specimens from E. ello actually belong to Trichogramma marandobai Brun, Moraes and Soares, 1986. Therefore, T. demoraesi is not a parasitoid of the eggs of E. ello, a major pest of cassava. The main features separating the two species, and a checklist and key to the species of Trichogramma associated with E. ello are presented.
Reinstatement of Distantasca Dworakowska (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Empoascini) as a valid genus with new species and new combinations
Authors: LIU YANG , FLETCHER MURRAY J. , ZHANG YA-LIN
Published: September 2014

Distantasca Dworakowska originally established as a genus but more recently has been treated as a subgenus of Empoasca Walsh. Here we reinstate Distantasca as a valid genus and provide a revised diagnosis. New combinations created are Distantasca atika (Dworakowska), n. comb., Distantasca barawa (Dworakowska), n. comb., Distantasca bulbosa (Dworakowska), n. comb., Distantasca latava (Dworakowska), n. comb., Distantasca latibasis (Zhang & Liu), n. comb., Distantasca paraterminalis (Qin & Zhang), n. comb., Distantasca riora (Dworakowska), n. comb., Distantasca rokasa (Dworakowska), n. comb., Distantasca serratipenis (Qin & Zhang), n. comb., Distantasca tiaca (Dworakowska), n. comb., Distantasca tna (Dworakowska), n. comb., Distantasca tuberculata (Zhang & Liu), n. comb., all from Empoasca (Distantasca). Distantasca terminalis (Distant) and D. faciata Dworakowska are reinstated from Empoasca (Distantasca). Two new species, Distantasca longihamatilis Zhang & Liu and Distantasca ricina Zhang & Liu spp. nov. are described and illustrated. Empoasca (Empoasca) smithi Fletcher & Donaldson, 1992 is transferred into the genus as Distantasca smithi (Fletcher & Donaldson).
Pseudovertical Temperature Profiles in a Broad Valley from Lines of Temperature Sensors on Sidewalls
Authors: Whiteman C. David , Hoch Sebastian W.
Published: October 2014

Pseudovertical temperature “soundings” from lines of inexpensive temperature sensors on the sidewalls of Utah’s Salt Lake valley are compared with contemporaneous radiosonde soundings from the north, open end of the valley. Morning [0415 mountain standard time (MST)] soundings are colder, and afternoon (1615 MST) soundings are warmer than radiosonde soundings because of warm and cold boundary layers that form over the slopes. Cross-valley temperature differences occur between east- and west-facing sidewalls because of differing insolation. Differences in vertically averaged pseudovertical and radiosonde temperatures are generally within 1°C, with a standard deviation of 2°–3°C. The pseudovertical soundings are especially good proxies for radiosondes in winter. The sounding comparisons identified along-valley differences in temperature, inversion depth, and lapse rate that have led to hypotheses concerning their causes, to be evaluated with future research. The low cost and much better time resolution of the pseudovertical soundings suggest that such lines will be a useful supplement to valley radiosondes and will have significant operational advantages if available in real time. Lines of surface-based sensors will prove useful in identifying intravalley meteorological differences and may be used to estimate free-air temperature structure in other valleys where radiosondes are unavailable.
Testing the Performance of Tropical Cyclone Genesis Indices in Future Climates Using the HiRAM Model
Authors: Camargo Suzana J. , Tippett Michael K. , Sobel Adam H. , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Zhao Ming
Published: October 2014

Tropical cyclone genesis indices (TCGIs) are functions of the large-scale environment that are designed to be proxies for the probability of tropical cyclone (TC) genesis. While the performance of TCGIs in the current climate can be assessed by direct comparison to TC observations, their ability to represent future TC activity based on projections of the large-scale environment cannot. Here the authors examine the performance of TCGIs in high-resolution atmospheric model simulations forced with sea surface temperatures (SST) of future, warmer climate scenarios. They investigate whether the TCGIs derived for the present climate can, when computed from large-scale fields taken from future climate simulations, capture the simulated global mean decreases in TC frequency. The TCGIs differ in their choice of environmental predictors, and several choices of predictors perform well in the present climate. However, some TCGIs that perform well in the present climate do not accurately reproduce the simulated future decrease in TC frequency. This decrease is captured when the humidity predictor is the column saturation deficit rather than relative humidity. Using saturation deficit with relative SST as the other thermodynamic predictor overpredicts the TC frequency decrease, while using potential intensity in place of relative SST as the other thermodynamic predictor gives a good prediction of the decrease’s magnitude. These positive results appear to depend on the spatial and seasonal patterns in the imposed SST changes; none of the indices capture correctly the frequency decrease in simulations with spatially uniform climate forcings, whether a globally uniform increase in SST of 2 K, or a doubling of CO2 with no change in SST.
Comparison of TMPA-3B42 Versions 6 and 7 Precipitation Products with Gauge-Based Data over India for the Southwest Monsoon Period
Authors: Prakash Satya , Mitra Ashis K. , Momin Imranali M. , Pai D. S. , Rajagopal E. N. , Basu S.
Published: October 2014

The upgraded version 7 (V7) of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) products is available to the user community. In this paper, two successive versions of the TMPA-3B42 research monitoring product, version 6 (V6) and V7, at the daily scale are evaluated over India during the southwest monsoon with gauge-based data for a 13-yr (1998–2010) period. Over typical monsoon rainfall zones, biases are improved by 5%–10% in V7 over the regions of higher rainfall like the west coast, northeastern, and central India. A similar reduced bias is seen in V7 over the rain-shadow region located in southeastern India. In terms of correlation, anomaly correlation, and RMSE, a marginal improvement is seen in V7. Additionally, in all-India summer monsoon rainfall amounts, mean, interannual values, and standard deviation show an overall improvement in V7. Different skill metrics over typical subregions within India show an improvement of the monsoon rainfall representation in V7. Rainfall frequency in different categories also indicates an overall improvement in V7 across all scales and subregions. Over central India regions associated with the monsoon transients, the sign of the bias has changed toward a positive bias. Even if the bias in the frequency of the occurrence of light rain has improved in V7, the values still show a large difference compared to observations. Though both V6 and V7 are able to represent the anomalous dry/wet regions during contrasting monsoon years, V7 shows some improvement in amplitude of those anomalies over V6. In general, V7 has considerably improved over V6 and will continue to be in demand from various sectors of observed rainfall data users.
Clinical Practice Guideline: Tinnitus Executive Summary
Authors: Tunkel David E. , Bauer Carol A. , Sun Gordon H. , Rosenfeld Richard M. , Chandrasekhar Sujana S. , Cunningham Eugene R. , Archer Sanford M. , Blakley Brian W. , Carter John M. , Granieri Evelyn C. , Henry James A. , Hollingsworth Deena , Khan Fawad A. , Mitchell Scott , Monfared Ashkan , Newman Craig W. , Omole Folashade S. , Phillips C. Douglas , Robinson Shannon K. , Taw Malcolm B. , Tyler Richard S. , Waguespack Richard , Whamond Elizabeth J.
Published: October 2014

The American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Foundation (AAO‐HNSF) has published a supplement to this issue featuring the new Clinical Practice Guideline: Tinnitus. To assist in implementing the guideline recommendations, this article summarizes the rationale, purpose, and key action statements. The 13 recommendations developed address the evaluation of patients with tinnitus, including selection and timing of diagnostic testing and specialty referral to identify potential underlying treatable pathology. It will then focus on the evaluation and treatment of patients with persistent primary tinnitus, with recommendations to guide the evaluation and measurement of the impact of tinnitus and to determine the most appropriate interventions to improve symptoms and quality of life for tinnitus sufferers.
Clinical Consensus Statement: Pediatric Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Brietzke Scott E. , Shin Jennifer J. , Choi Sukgi , Lee Jivianne T. , Parikh Sanjay R. , Pena Maria , Prager Jeremy D. , Ramadan Hassan , Veling Maria , Corrigan Maureen , Rosenfeld Richard M.
Published: October 2014

Objective

To develop a clinical consensus statement on the optimal diagnosis and management of pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis (PCRS).

Methods

A representative 9‐member panel of otolaryngologists with no relevant conflicts of interest was assembled to consider opportunities to optimize the diagnosis and management of PCRS. A working definition of PCRS and the scope of pertinent otolaryngologic practice were first established. Patients of ages 6 months to 18 years without craniofacial syndromes or immunodeficiency were defined as the targeted population of interest. A modified Delphi method was then used to distill expert opinion into clinical statements that met a standardized definition of consensus.

Results

After 2 iterative Delphi method surveys, 22 statements met the standardized definition of consensus while 12 statements did not. Four statements were omitted due to redundancy. The clinical statements were grouped into 4 categories for presentation and discussion: (1) definition and diagnosis of PCRS, (2) medical treatment of PCRS, (3) adenoiditis/adenoidectomy, and (4) endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS)/turbinoplasty.

Conclusion

Expert panel consensus may provide helpful information for the otolaryngologist in the diagnosis and management of PCRS in uncomplicated pediatric patients.
Ambiguity Tolerance With Career Indecision
Authors: Xu Hui , Tracey Terence J. G.
Published: October 2014

The mediation of career decision-making self-efficacy on the link of ambiguity tolerance (AT) with career indecision was examined in a sample of college students ( N = 253). It was hypothesized that AT could help reduce career indecision through increasing career decision-making self-efficacy, where this effect would vary by different types of indecision. Results supported the differential mediation hypothesis, finding that career decision-making self-efficacy mediated the link of AT with lack of motivation, general indecisiveness, lack of information, and inconsistent information. The mediation effect of career decision-making self-efficacy on the link of AT with lack of motivation was relatively weak. The implications of this study are discussed and suggestions for future research are provided.
A Systematic Review of the Use of Technology for Reminiscence Therapy
Authors: Lazar Amanda , Thompson Hilaire , Demiris George
Published: October 2014

As the segment of the population 65 years of age or older continues to grow, the number of individuals with dementia increases proportionally, highlighting the need to design therapies that meet the social and emotional needs of people with dementia. Information and communication technologies (ICT) are potential venues for supporting the delivery of such therapies, including reminiscence therapy (RT), which is a non-pharmacological intervention involving the prompting of past memories, often with artifacts such as old photographs or music for therapeutic benefits such as the facilitation of social interactions or the increase of self-esteem. This paper systematically examines the scientific literature on the use of ICT for facilitating RT to assess the current state of the evidence and identify future trends. We searched the PubMed (1966-2013), ACM (1954-2013), and PsycINFO (1908-2013) repositories using the keywords dementia and reminiscence. Three hundred eighty-six articles were retrieved, 44 of which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Findings of the systematic review include that there are benefits to using ICT for RT interventions. Some of these benefits are access to rich and engaging multimedia reminiscence materials, opportunities for people with dementia to participate in social interactions and take ownership of conversations, and a reduction of barriers due to motor deficits during interactions with media. Future studies should explore the types and content of media beneficial to individuals at different stages of dementia.