bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Όψεις του οικονομικού βίου των κατοίκων της Ηλείας (τέλη του 6ου αι. – αρχές του 9ου αι.) : Προσεγγίσεις υπό το φως της αρχαιολογικής έρευνας
Authors: Λαμπροπουλου Άννα Ι.
Published: June 2021

L’étude se focalise sur la situation administrative et ecclésiastique des régions nord-occidentales du Péloponnèse (le nome d’Élide) au cours des « âges obscurs » (fin vie s. / début viie s. – début ixe s. apr. J.-C.), en s’efforçant autant que faire se peut d’appréhender les conditions de vie de ses habitants. Cette approche se fonde avant tout sur les rares sources textuelles (Notitiae 3 et la Chronique de Monemvasie), le nombre réduit de vestiges d’édifices que la fouille a révélés (les églises de la Vierge à Dafniotissa, de la Transfiguration du Seigneur à Olena et à Skillountia d’Élide), ainsi que sur les témoignages archéologiques (monnaies, vases en terre cuite et en métal, bijoux en argent). On tire profit des informations livrées par les carnets des fouilleurs allemands du xixe s., surtout pour les vingt trésors monétaires localisés en différents lieux de l’habitat protobyzantin d’Olympie. L’étude des pots (thèsauraria) et de certaines trouvailles complémentaires amène à remettre en question le point de vue généralement admis, selon lequel l’habitat chrétien d’Olympie serait abandonné à la fin du vie s. ou, au plus tard, au début du viie s. Cette remise en cause se fonde sur l’étude des petits objets provenant d’Olympie ou du reste de l’Élide (Miraka, Agia Triada, Prasino) autant que sur la découverte des trois édifices de culte précités, datés du viiie s. (Dafniotissa, Olena, Skillountia).
Το μεσοβυζαντινό Άργος: Ιστορικά δεδομένα και νομισματική κυκλοφορία
Authors: Γιαννοπουλοσ Παναγιώτης
Published: June 2021

L’histoire de la région argienne depuis la fin de l’Antiquité et jusqu’à l’an mil est très mal connue, en raison notamment du manque de sources littéraires. En réalité la région n’est mentionnée qu’occasionnellement par certaines sources hagiographiques et par la correspondance de Théodore de Nicée, tandis qu’Argos et Nauplie sont citées comme sièges épiscopaux. À en croire une Scolie d’Aréthas et la dite Chronique de Monemvasia, la région aurait été dévastée par les Slaves vers la fin du vie s. ; or, quatre siècles plus tard, Constantin Porphyrogénète mentionne Argos parmi les quatre agglomérations les plus importantes du Péloponnèse. Suivre la renaissance de la ville, réduite en cendres par les Slaves, s’avère une opération impossible en partant des seules sources narratives. Une analyse de la circulation monétaire peut toutefois suppléer à l’absence des textes. L’analyse des trouvailles des fouilles effectuées à Argos peut pallier l’absence d’études sur les monnaies byzantines trouvées dans la région. Le constat valable pour Argos correspond assez bien à celui que l’on est amené à faire pour d’autres régions de l’empire byzantin au cours de la même période, à savoir un retour à une économie non monétarisée.
Μουχλί: Οικονομικά δεδομένα και νομισματική κυκλοφορία κατά την ύστερη βυζαντινή περίοδο
Authors: Λαγοσ Κωνσταντίνος , Καρυανοσ Φώτιος
Published: June 2021

Mouchli en Arcadie est l’une des villes les moins bien connues du Despotat de Morée. À la différence de la plupart des citadelles du Péloponnèse, Mouchli était une création des Byzantins, fondée après l’installation du Despotat, en 1296 environ. Elle resta entre leurs mains jusqu’à sa destruction par les Ottomans en 1458. Les rares chercheurs qui s’y sont intéressés se sont avant tout penchés sur son rôle stratégique en tant qu’avant-poste qui devait protéger le Despotat face aux attaques ennemies venues du Nord. À l’occasion d’une trouvaille fortuite de quelques monnaies, nous avons repris l’étude de son économie. Nous présentons dans ce cadre de nouveaux éléments tirés des sources littéraires, qui révèlent l’importance économique de la ville, en nous intéressant surtout aux informations utiles pour la circulation monétaire. Nous proposons pour finir à titre d’hypothèse que pourrait avoir été frappée à Mouchli l’unique émission attribuée jusqu’à présent au Despotat de Morée.
Medieval coins from the area of Limnes in the Argolid
Authors: Baker Julian , Tsekes Georgios
Published: June 2021

Les trouvailles monétaires provenant du Nord et de l’Est de Limnes et datées du xiie s. jusqu’à la première décennie du xive s. illustrent l’essor et le déclin économique, démographique et stratégique des régions centrales de l’Argolide à la lumière des événements contemporains. Cette étude examine plusieurs trouvailles isolées provenant de diverses localités, ainsi qu’un trésor trouvé à Mygiò. Les auteurs s’appuient également sur d’autres monnaies trouvées en Argolide, en particulier à Argos et Épidaure. Les principales dénominations sont le denier tournois grec et du petit numéraire, ainsi que le tetarteron byzantin et ses contrefaçons locales. Notre excellente connaissance de la typologie des deniers tournois d’Achaïe, d’Athènes et de Naupacte permet de dater les trésors de Mygiò et d’Épidaure dans une fourchette étroite (1308-1309) et de suggérer que leur enfouissement est dû à une expédition militaire précise.
Conditions favorisant les apprentissages des élèves sourds lors de Lecture Interactive d’un album dans une classe bilingue
Authors: Tominska Edyta
Published: June 2021

Cet article montre la progression d’élèves sourds durant la situation de Lecture Interactive d’un album de jeunesse proposée dans une classe bilingue spécialisée. Les analyses des interactions didactiques montrent la construction conjointe d’une Zone de Compréhension (ZdC) à l’intérieur de laquelle les significations partagées sont négociées et construites par les partenaires autour de composantes narratives, lexicales et sublexicales. Les résultats en termes d’états de la ZdC, ont pour objectif de relever les conditions favorables aux apprentissages de jeunes sourds dans ce cadre bilingue. Ces conditions sont liées à la situation didactique complexe mettant en jeux plusieurs composantes du savoir lire-écrire, mais aussi à l’utilisation de deux langues qui favorisent le développement langagier large chez les élèves, en reconnaissant toutes les ressources qu’ils mettent en place pour comprendre leurs interlocuteurs et se faire comprendre.
Entre classe d’inclusion et Unité Localisée pour l’Inclusion Scolaire en lycée professionnel : suivis ethnographiques d’une scolarisation adaptée
Authors: Lansade Godefroy
Published: June 2021

Cette recherche s’appuie sur une observation ethnographique menée auprès d’un groupe d’adolescents et jeunes adultes, reconnus en situation de handicap, scolarisés au sein d’un dispositif Unité Localisée pour l’Inclusion Scolaire d’un lycée professionnel (ULIS). Elle interroge et analyse l’expérience que ces élèves rattachés à ce dispositif ont de l’inclusion scolaire. Après avoir rappelé quelques-uns des grands moments de l’inclusion scolaire dans l’enseignement secondaire et défini ce paradigme selon trois dimensions – physique, sociale et épistémique – nous verrons en quoi ce dispositif se distingue d’une classe. L’étude montre que le fait d’être rattachés simultanément à une classe d’inclusion et au dispositif peut entraîner des situations paradoxales inattendues. L’ULIS apparaît dès lors comme un dispositif inopérant ou contre-productif au regard des enjeux affichés en terme d’inclusion.
Clinique de l’activité et formation de maîtres : le rôle de l’intervenant
Authors: Anjos Daniela Dias dos
Published: June 2021

Ce texte propose une réflexion sur le rôle de l’intervenant dans l’approche de la clinique de l’activité dans le champ de l’éducation. Pour ce faire, il reprend les principes et démarches de cette méthodologie avant d’analyser les résultats du recours à ce cadre méthodologique dans le contexte d’une intervention réalisée avec des professeurs d’écoles publiques de l’état de Sao Paulo (Brésil). Il étudie aussi les impacts de l’ancrage de l’intervention dans le champ de l’éducation sur l’activité de l’intervenant et sur la réflexion/analyse du professeur sur son propre travail.
Forme de pratique scolaire du football en EPS, débats d’idées et apprentissages en milieu difficile
Authors: Dietsch Guillaume , Brière-Guenoun Fabienne , Wane Cheikh Tidiane
Published: June 2021

Cet article a pour objet d’analyser l’impact d’une forme de pratique scolaire innovante du football en éducation physique et sportive (EPS), inspirée des règles du jeu du futsal, sur les apprentissages des élèves en milieu difficile. Pour proposer cette nouvelle forme de pratique du football à l’école, il s’agit aussi de questionner les outils pouvant favoriser les apprentissages des élèves. Les résultats mettent en évidence l’intérêt en milieu difficile d’une co-construction des savoirs à partir de l’utilisation du « débat d’idées » pour induire l’implication des élèves dans les tâches mises à l’étude et favoriser ainsi de réelles transformations de leur activité d’apprentissage. Les résultats mettent en exergue l’intérêt de confronter des élèves issus de milieux dits « difficiles » à une forme spécifique de pratique scolaire en EPS conciliant leur rapport au savoir tout en restant « ambitieux » sur les enjeux d’apprentissage.
Les conditions favorisant le développement de la réflexion éthique chez des enseignants de l’ordre collégial
Authors: Gohier Christiane , Jutras France , Desautels Luc , Chaubet Philippe
Published: June 2021

Cet article porte sur les résultats d’une recherche collaborative sur le développement du processus de réflexion éthique chez des enseignants de l’ordre collégial à laquelle deux groupes d’enseignants ont participé. Les résultats exposés ici proviennent de l’analyse d’une discussion ainsi que de fiches bilans rédigées par les participants après chaque rencontre et portent sur les conditions qui favorisent le développement de la réflexion éthique dans le cadre de discussions entre collègues sur des problèmes d’ordre éthique à partir d’études de cas.
Les attentes des enseignants par rapport aux capacités des élèves à agir au comité des élèves à l’école primaire
Authors: Pache-Hébert Catherine , Jutras France , Guay Jean-Herman
Published: June 2021

Le comité des élèves est implanté dans les écoles pour susciter la participation des élèves à la gouvernance scolaire et contribuer à leur éducation à la démocratie. L’enseignant qui encadre le comité des élèves détient un rôle complexe, puisqu’il doit trouver un équilibre pour assurer le bon fonctionnement du comité et permettre aux élèves de prendre des décisions. Les enseignants ont des conceptions diverses des capacités des élèves à exercer une gouvernance et ne connaissent pas nécessairement toutes les dimensions du rôle qu’ils doivent assumer pour encadrer le comité des élèves. L’objectif poursuivi a été de mettre en relief les attentes de ces enseignants quant aux capacités des élèves à agir au comité. Les données ont été colligées dans le cadre d’une démarche de développement professionnel menée auprès de dix enseignants du primaire encadrant un comité dans leur école. Des entrevues semi-dirigées et des observations participantes ont été réalisées. L’analyse de contenu combine des méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives : une construction d’énoncés à partir des verbatim et leur quantification ; une analyse multidimensionnelle en composantes principales et un retour aux verbatim et aux notes d’observations. Trois profils d’enseignants se dégagent : les confiants, les ambivalents et les réticents. Ces profils révèlent diverses attentes des enseignants quant à leur rôle dans l’encadrement des comités des élèves, à la place accordée aux élèves dans la prise de décision ainsi qu’à la conception de la capacité des élèves à exercer leur gouvernance. Cette étude met en évidence que les enseignants qui encadrent le comité des élèves au primaire doivent moduler leurs attentes quant à la capacité des élèves à agir lors des travaux du comité. Elle révèle aussi que la formation et l’accompagnement des enseignants sont bénéfiques pour le développement professionnel requis pour encadrer le comité des élèves.
3-Dimensional Microstructure Investigation of High Temperature Corrosion of Boiler Tube Material
Authors: Nugraha Ariyana Dwiputra , Rasgianti Rasgianti
Published: June 2021

The material of the tubes has suffered localized overheating and corrosion, probably as a result of local heat flux impingement phenomenon, combined with high temperature corrosion. Boiler tubes that experienced failure indications were tubes material SA 213 T22 with the dominant alloy elements is Cr. Materials with these specifications are which should be resistant to corrosion, so it is necessary to carry out laboratory testing to answer suspected indications of failure. The methodology of analysis and identification carried out is by observing the microstructure in 3 dimensions supported by other mechanical tests, namely visual observation, hardness testing, chemical composition testing using SEM and EDAX and testing the chemical composition of the material using a spectrum analyzer. Observation using an optical microscope shows that the microstructure condition of the tube is ferritic and the results of 3D metallography observations show that the tube has undergone micro crack with a measured depth of 1853,28 μm. After the metallography testing is carried out, the hardness test is carried out with the hardness vickers (HV) unit and the minimum hardness is 149 HV and the maximum hardness is 177 HV. Testing of the chemical composition of the deposit showed that there were chemical elements found in seawater that trigger corrosion such as sodium and chlorine which enter the water vapor system. The results showed that the tube had pitting corrosion, which was indicated by the presence of microcrack at the grain boundaries and an oxide deposit had been formed which would cause an overheating phenomenon and deterioration.
Effect of Valley Beater Refining on Tensile Properties of Molded Pulps from Rice Straws
Authors: Prasertpong Ruethaichanok , Rattanawongkun Phattharasaya , Tawichai Nattaya , Intatha Uraiwan , Soykeabkaew Nattakan
Published: June 2021

Rice straw, an abundant agricultural waste, is shown to be a promising resource for pulp and paper packaging manufacturing. In this study, rice straw pulps or cellulose fibers were extracted using a soda-AQ process and then the rice straw pulp slurries were refined by a Valley beater. The effect of refining time (15-60 min) on the pulp fiber characteristics was studied. It was found that both initial fiber length and width were decreased with refining time. The refined fibers became fibrillated, finer, and also more uniform in size confirmed by SEM. The pulp freeness (CSF) was reduced with increasing refining time as expected due to higher water-holding capacity of more fibrillated pulps. Then, the molded sheets were formed from the prepared rice straw pulps and examined. From tensile testing, the results indicated that the tensile properties of the molded sheets from the refined pulps were significantly enhanced (p < 0.05), thanks to an increase in fibrillated fiber surface area and inter-fiber bonding degree. The Valley beater refined rice straw pulp provided the molded sheet with the highest tensile index of 51.96 ± 4.08 Nm/g which are comparable to that of the sheets prepared from PFI mill refining process. The tensile properties of the current refined sheets were also in the acceptable range for typical commercial molded pulp packaging. In addition, the freeness values of the optimal Valley beater refined pulps are relatively high (348-423 ml), implying a benefit in forming process and manufacturing of pulp products.
Prevalence and Correlates of Metabolic Syndrome in Severe Mental Illness
Authors: Sabnis Akshada Suresh , Rane Anil , Nadkarni Abhijit
Published: June 2021

Background:

People with severe mental illness (SMI) die prematurely. They also have disproportionately high burden of diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity, which is further compounded by unhealthy lifestyle such as sedentary behavior and substance use. Consequently, there is a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in this population. MetS has been reported in 10%–50% of SMI patients, but its risk factors have been poorly studied.

Aims:

The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence and correlates of MetS in SMI.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study at a tertiary care psychiatry hospital was conducted. A total of 304 consecutive inpatients with SMI were administered the WHO-STEPS-2 questionnaire, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS); and biochemical measures such as lipid and blood sugar levels were measured. Summary statistics (means and proportions) were described, followed by univariate and multivariate analyses to examine the associations between variables.

Results:

25.7% of SMI patients had diabetes mellitus and 43.09% had elevated cholesterol; 23.4% (95% confidence interval 18.6–28.1) had MetS and it was associated with age (P < 0.01), female gender (P < 0.001), being married (P < 0.01), weight (P < 0.001), body mass index (P < 0.001), waist and hip circumference (P < 0.001), and duration of psychiatric illness (P < 0.001). On multivariate analyses, only age (P = 0.002), female gender (P < 0.001), body weight (P < 0.001), abnormal waist to hip ratio (W: H ratio) (P = 0.02), and lower use of alcohol (P = 0.01) were significantly associated with MetS.

Conclusion:

Patients with SMI have a high burden of cardiometabolic risk factors. Monitoring of traditional risk factors such as W: H ratio is an important and cheap option to screen for risk of MetS.
Eating Disorders in India
Authors: Motwani Shorouq , Karia Sagar , Mandalia Bilvesh , Desousa Avinash
Published: June 2021

Eating disorders (EDs) are disabling, deadly, and costly mental disorders that considerably impair physical health and disrupt psychosocial functioning. Disturbed attitudes toward weight, body shape, and eating play a key role in the origin and maintenance of EDs. As EDs are under-researched, there is a great deal of uncertainty as to their pathophysiology, treatment, and management. Future challenges, emerging treatments, and outstanding research questions are addressed in this review.
Study of Sociodemographic Profile and Psychopathology of Mentally and Physically Handicapped Children and Their Parents
Authors: Rathi Anup , Sanghavi Pankaj , Karia Sagar
Published: June 2021

If all chronic conditions causing disability of any degree in childhood are included, the prevalence of disability is remarkably high. Studies on families with handicapped children have indicated that both parents often experience psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression. Handicapped children too suffer from psychological illnesses. Hence, the present study was undertaken. The study aims to look at the sociodemographic profile and psychopathology of mentally and physically handicapped children and their parents and to compare it with that of nonhandicapped children.

Materials and Methods:

The sample consisted of 90 children of both sexes. Sixty of these were handicapped-30 physically and 30 mentally. Thirty children were nonhandicapped. A semi-structured proforma, IQ tests, and Childhood Psychopathology Measurement schedule (CPMS) were used for assessment. Chi-square test and Paired “t”-test were used in the analysis.

Results:

It was observed that a greater number of handicapped children belonged to the higher score groups as compared to the nonhandicapped group. Significantly higher incidence of morbidity was observed in the handicapped children as compared to nonhandicapped children. Fathers and mothers of handicapped children had higher degree of psychopathology as compared to those of nonhandicapped children. Mothers' psychopathology had a significant effect on the severity of CPMS scoring in physically handicapped children.

Conclusion:

Handicapped children showed more severe psychopathology as compared to nonhandicapped. Mothers of handicapped children had higher psychiatric morbidity as compared to those of nonhandicapped children. Psychopathology of mother significantly affected the psychopathology of children.
Type-II Sturge-Weber Syndrome and Comorbidity with Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Mamidipalli Sai Spoorthy , Godi Sangha Mitra , Mahant Supriya , Soni Puneet Kumar
Published: June 2021

Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a rare neurocutaneous disorder which was known to occur in 1 in 50,000 births with a triad of features including the port-wine stain on the face, glaucoma, and leptomeningeal angiomas. It is further divided into three types based on the regions involved. Here, we present the case of an 18-year-old male, Type II SWS with facial involvement since childhood who was presented with affective symptoms. The psychiatric manifestations ranging from symptomatic to a diagnostic presentation to be kept in mind which are often missed in the patients presented with SWS.
Psychosis Unmasked by Gaming
Authors: Angane Amey Yeshwant , Keshari Prerna K. , Mane Amit S. , Nayak Ajita S.
Published: June 2021

With easy accessibility and advancements in technology, there has been an upsurge in gaming. Players may neglect their real life, even using gaming as a medium to build self esteem. This has led to increased prevalence of gaming disorder. There is a dearth of literature regarding the interplay between gaming disorder and psychosis. Here, we present three cases where a prodromal history of progressively increasing time spent gaming was found to be followed by the emergence of florid psychotic symptoms. Gaming might act as a risk factor for precipitating psychosis. Individuals experiencing PLEs (Psychotic Like Experiences) have been shown to use the Internet for reality substitution. Mental Health Professionals should be aware of the threat that Internet Gaming Disorder provides to mental health. Irrespective of whether it is an etiology or consequence of the psychosis, it warrants treatment.
External quality control and training of semen analysis in the Netherlands
Authors: Lemmens Louise , van den Hoven Leonie , van Vrouwerff Netty J , Braat Didi DM , Nelen Willianne LDM , Spath Marian A , Wetzels Alex MM
Published: June 2021

Semen analysis is characterized by high levels of intra- and inter-laboratory variability, due to a low level of standardization, high subjectivity of the assessments, and problems with automated procedures. To improve consistency of laboratory results, quality control and training of technicians are important requisites. The goals of this study are to evaluate the results of an external quality control (EQC) program and standardized training by ESHRE Basic Semen Analysis Courses (BSAC) on the variability in manual assessments of semen parameters. We performed retrospective analyses of (1) the interlaboratory variability in the Dutch EQC program and (2) the interobserver variability in BSACs for concentration, motility, and morphology assessments. EQC data showed that the interlaboratory coefficient of variation (CV) for concentration assessment decreased (range from 24.0%–97.5% to 12.7%–20.9%) but not for morphology and motility assessments. Concentration variability was lower if improved Neubauer hemocytometers were used. Morphology assessment showed highest CVs (up to 375.0%), with many outliers in the period of 2007–2014. During BSAC, a significant reduction of interobserver variability could be established for all parameters (P < 0.05). The absence of an effect in the EQC program for motility and morphology might be explained by respectively the facts that motility assessment was introduced relatively late in the EQC program (since 2013) and that criteria for morphology assessment changed in time. BSAC results might have been influenced by the pretraining level of participants and the influence of external factors. Both EQC and training show positive effects on reducing variability. Increased willingness by laboratories to change their methods toward standards may lead to further improvements.
Management of Badhirya (hearing impairment) through Ayurvedic approaches
Authors: Tyagi Shelly , Bavalatti Narayan , Rajagopala Manjusha
Published: June 2021

Hearing impairment is a complete or partial loss of ability to hear from one or both ears. It can be congenital or acquired and the clinical features closely resemble to Badhirya explained in Ayurveda. Hearing impairment in the schoolgoing children is a serious problem affecting their education, skills, and social relationship with others, etc., This case report presents an 11-year-old girl with hearing impairment in the left ear since childhood. Audiometry report showed profound hearing loss in the left ear. Treatment was done with Marsha nasya by Anu taila for three days and Karnapurana (~putting oil in ears) with Asanabilwadi taila and Shiropichu (~placing cotton pad overhead soaked in medicated oil) with Ksheerabala taila for seven days each, along with Ashwagandhadi lehyam, Arogya vardhini vati, Sarivadyasava, and Trivrit churna as internal medicines for 22 weeks. After that, audiometry results improved from profound to moderate hearing loss in the left ear. Decreased hearing may be due to vitiated Vata alone or Vata and Kapha dosha, which can be managed with the help of Marsha nasya, Karnapurana, and Shiropichu along with Vata shamana and Rasayana therapy.
A case report on the management of Riju bhagandara (low anal trans-sphincteric fistula) by modified conventional Ksharasutra therapy
Authors: Hanifa Nasreen , Mahanta Vyasadeva , Sherkhane Rahul , Gupta Snajay Kumar
Published: June 2021

Bhagandara (~anal fistula) is a challenging surgical condition due to its high recurrence rate and anal incontinence. Acharya sushruta has explained surgical and para-surgical techniques for its management. Ksharasutra therapy is a time-tested para-surgical modality for Bhagandara with least recurrence (3.33%). Modified conventional technique of application of Ksharasutra is aimed to eliminate infected source and facilitate healing in short duration. A 30-year-old male patient presented with recurrent painful swelling with intermittent pus discharge from the base of the scrotum for one and half years. He underwent incision and drainage twice in the last six months. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an anterior fistulous tract representing as St. James Type 1 Fistula, which varied from clinical features. He was treated with Modified Conventional Kshara Sutra Therapy (MC-KST) and whole length of fistulous tract was healed completely within five weeks. Anal fistula with scrotal extension is considered a complex manifestation to manage. In MC-KST method, tract was intercepted nearer to sphincter and infected crypto-glandular lesion was eradicated by Ksharasutra. The study concluded that MC-KST is one option to manage anal fistula with scrotal extension to preserve normal perineal structures.
EVOLUÇÃO DA ICTIOFAUNA DE RIACHOS SUL-AMERICANOS (CASTRO, 1999) REVISITADO APÓS MAIS DE DUAS DÉCADAS
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo, Castro Ricardo Macedo Corrêa e
Published: June 2021

A little more than 20 years after the first publication of Castro (1999), the knowledge of the South American freshwater ichthyofauna, especially that of Brazil, has increased dramatically. This increase occurred both in terms of knowledge of its taxonomic diversity - in 1999, based on various sources in the scientific literature, a total of 2,800 species of South American freshwater fish was estimated, and a total of near 3,500 species it is currently known from Brazil alone - as to the knowledge of its evolution and also ecology. Consequently, all the hypotheses originally proposed in that paper are reexamined and critically discussed here considering this new knowledge accumulated in the past nearly two decades. Although the original 1999 hypothesis that the small adult size of their respective species is a general evolutionary pattern shared by the South American stream ichthyofauna has been firmly corroborated by several studies carried out in many regions of Brazil, the different patterns associated with most of the species of stream fish originally proposed are discussed in this chapter in the light of the new accumulated knowledge about their biology and ecology. Likewise, the possible role of heterochrony in their respective evolution is critically analyzed in the context of the great advance that has occurred in understanding the phylogenetic relationships of component taxa of freshwater neotropical ichthyofauna, using mainly the family Characidae as a possible model. Finally, a recent intriguing idea of the role of respiratory physiology in determining both the maximum size of teleost fish and their patterns of environmental occupation is examined in relation to its possible effect in the evolution of South American stream ichthyofauna.
ISÓTOPOS ESTÁVEIS E OUTRAS FERRAMENTAS EM ESTUDOS TRÓFICOS DE PEIXES EM RIACHOS TROPICAIS
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Albrecht Míriam Pilz , Reis Andressa da Silva ,   Universidade Vila Velha, Neres-Lima Vinicius ,   Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Zandonà Eugenia ,   Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Published: June 2021

Stable isotope analysis (SIA) has become an essential tool in Ecology, being increasingly used in studies of fish in tropical streams. The SIA allows to reconstruct the animals' diet and its intraspecific variation, to trace the contributions of the main basal resources throughout the food web, to calculate trophic position and trophic niche, including niche overlap and its alterations, and to build food webs. The SIA is also used to understand the impact of environmental changes on fish communities and other aquatic organisms. The number of such studies is increasing in Brazil, but there are still several gaps. In this study, we present the basic concepts on stable isotopes analysis in trophic studies of stream fish - especially those of carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen - their premises, uses and limitations, presenting examples from tropical streams. We also explore new conceptual tools in this area, still not used for stream fish in Brazil, such as fatty acids, stable isotopes in specific compounds, nutritional geometry and ecological stoichiometry concepts such as the Threshold Elemental Ratio.
REPRODUÇÃO DE PEIXES DE RIACHO: ESTADO DA ARTE, MÉTODOS E PERSPECTIVAS
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caramaschi Érica Pellegrini , Brito Marcelo Fulgêncio Guedes ,   Universidade Federal de Sergipe
Published: June 2021

Stream fish reproduction is still poorly studied in natural environments, especially in the Neotropical region. In this chapter, we recollect some characteristics of fish reproduction and some questions to guide current research, as: Does sexual dimorphism occur in the species? Which is the mode of reproduction? When and where does the species reproduce? Which environmental factors trigger reproductive events? When does the reproductive life begin? Which is the fecundity? Most of these questions can be answered when we have many specimens available, captured at different periods of the year, measured, weighed and dissected following appropriate protocols. Obtained data represent life history traits that allow to categorize the species in reproductive styles related to parental care and to determine their accordance to models of reproductive strategy associated with the predictability of environmental conditions. We highlight some aspects to be considered in current and future field and lab procedures, such as the recognition of sexual dimorphisms, the importance of naturalistic observation and lab procedures. We draw attention to the advances in studies on reproductive modalities in fish groups well represented in streams, such as inseminating characiforms and viviparous cyprinodontiforms. Finally, we highlight gaps, urgencies, and current perspectives for studies on the reproduction of stream fish, with emphasis on the need for basic studies of species biology, on the importance for building theoretical references and for the conservation of stream habitats in all Brazilian biomes.
MÉTODOS QUANTITATIVOS PARA MENSURAR A DIVERSIDADE TAXONÔMICA EM PEIXES DE RIACHO
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Benone Naraiana Loureiro , Montag Luciano Fogaça de Assis ,   Universidade Federal do Pará
Published: June 2021

Species diversity is defined as the variety of species and their relative abundances, and can be decomposed in local (alpha), regional (gamma) and between-communities (beta) diversity. For decades, studies with Brazilian stream fish focused on the relationship between local environmental variables and diversity patterns. However, dispersal gained notoriety for being important to the organization of communities. Besides, large scale variables are increasingly being perceived as good predictors of diversity, complementing the role of habitat variables. We present here a brief review of the methods to obtain alpha and beta taxonomic diversity, considerations regarding their predictors, and their main analysis.
PAISAGENS FLUVIAIS E PEIXES DE RIACHO: UMA INTRODUÇÃO AOS DADOS, UNIDADES ESPACIAIS DE ANÁLISE E CLASSIFICAÇÃO
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Becker Fernando Gertum , Camana Mateus ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Published: June 2021

Research on riverscapes and stream fish ecology has undergone a wide progress since the 1990s. Several conditions have been pointed out as essential in this progress, including the following four: (a) availability of geo-technology and spatial data, (b) setting the regional context of study areas (biomes, large river basins, ecoregions); (c) defining hierarchical spatial units of analysis (watersheds, segments, reaches) and their attributes (e.g., area, slope, order, perennial/intermittent), and (d) classification of spatial units according to their attributes. Here we present an introduction to these topics, using examples from studies in Brazilian streams, where research progress on riverscapes and stream fish has occurred only more recently. We identify a few challenges in the Brazilian context, including the standardization and consolidation of regional and national spatial databases that support riverscape analyses, training fish ecologists in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial data, expanding the use of classification systems in different spatial coverages and resolutions, research on structural, spatial and temporal attributes of spatial units in riverscape analyses
ECOLOGIA DE PEIXES EM RIACHOS URBANOS
Authors:   Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Marques Piatã , Cunico Almir Manoel ,   Universidade Federal do Paraná
Published: June 2021

The development of agriculture allowed humans to congregate in settlements which developed into the modern urban societies. This urbanization process caused profound habitat changes, giving rise to urban ecosystems where the structure, functioning and the dynamics of the ecosystem are determined by human activities. Despite the increasing rates of urbanization worldwide,the ecology of urban ecosystems is poorly known. In this chapter, we focus on urban stream ecosystems to expose the current advances in urban fish ecology. We explore topics concerning urban fish biodiversity,ecological interactions and adaptation to urban systems. We also explore different approaches and methodologies for the study of urban fish. Our goal is to introduce the theoretical background and analytical tools to study urban fishes with the intent of facilitating future research
The Relationship Between Health Expenditure and Economic Growth: The Case of Turkey
Authors: ÇINAR Sinan , HAS Banu
Published: June 2021

Özet

Çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye ekonomisinde sağlık harcamalarının ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisinin döviz kurunun da göz önünde bulundurularak analiz edilmesidir. 1975 ile 2019 yılları için sağlık harcamaları ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkinin döviz kuru ile birlikte yapısal kırılmalı ekonometrik analizler aracılığıyla incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada bağımlı değişken iktisadi büyüme oranı, bağımsız değişkenler ise sağlık harcamaları ve döviz kurudur. Çalışmada kullanılan yöntem Gregory Hansen yapısal kırılmalı eşbütünleşme analizidir. Çalışma, güncel verilerle ilgili değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi yapısal kırılmaları da dikkate alarak incelemesi ve sağlık harcamalarının ekonomik büyüme oranı üzerindeki etkisini döviz kurunu da göz önünde bulundurarak değerlendirmesi yönünden literatüre katkı sağlamaktadır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, sağlık harcamaları, ekonomik büyüme oranı ve döviz kuru serilerinin uzun dönemde eşbütünleşik bir ilişkiye sahip olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca sağlık harcamaları ile ekonomik büyüme oranı arasında çift yönlü ve kuvvetli bir nedensellik ilişkisiyle beraber, döviz kurundan sağlık harcamalarına doğru da tek yönlü kuvvetli bir nedensellik ilişkisi bulunduğu sonucu elde edilmiştir.
Sporda Dijitalleşme ve Sonrası
Authors: SEVİNDİK Çağla , ÇAVUŞOĞLU Selçuk Bora
Published: June 2021

Teknolojinin gelişmesi ve hızlı değişimleri karşılıklı etkileşime girerken, teknolojinin varlığı 21. yüzyılda köklü değişikliklere neden olmuştur. Ekonomi ve kültürde olduğu gibi sporda da meydana gelen değişiklikler bireylerin algı, beklenti ve bakış açılarını derinden etkilemektedir. Bu değişimler farklı dönemlerde doğan insanların farklı kişilik ve bakış açısına sahip olmasını sağlamıştır. Bu gelişime öncülük eden çok önemli bir unsur vardır; dijitalleşme. Hayatın her alanında kolaylık getirerek yaşamı iyileştiren ve hızlandıran dijitalleşme süreci, spor dünyasında da gözle görülür etkilere sahiptir. Değişen jenerasyonla birlikte terminolojik tabirle dijital yerliler, ortaya yeni platformların çıkmasına katkıda bulunmuşlardır. Dijitalleşme ile birlikte spor dünyası farklı dinamikler kazanarak bilgisayar ortamları ve oyunlarında yaşanan artışla geleneksel spordan e-spor gibi dijital ortamlara geçiş başlamıştır. Fiziksel çabadan çok zihinsel becerilerin öne çıktığı bu dijital spor dünyasında fark yaratan nokta belirlenen yöntem ve oyun süresince ortaya konan akıldır. Spor ve oyun sektörü arasındaki bağlantıyı doğru çözümlemek ve dijitalleşmenin her iki alanda ne boyutta etkin olduğunu araştırmak gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı dijitalleşmeyle birlikte değişen spor anlayışını jenerasyonlar üzerinden ortaya koymaktır. Bu araştırma için doküman analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır.
Araştırmanın analizi sonucunda toplumun dijitalleşmesi ile birlikte kuşakların alışkanlıklarında farklılıklar gözlemlenmiştir. Z kuşağının teknolojik imkanların yoğun olduğu bir ortamda büyümüş olması oyun oynama biçiminin değişmesine yol açmıştır. Yeni spor dallarından spor organizasyonlarına kadar birçok alanda dijitalleşme ve dijital dönüşüm örnekleri hayat bulmaya başlamıştır. Özellikle pandemi sürecinde kalabalık ortamdan uzak durmak isteyen kişiler için spor etkinliklerinin dijital olarak evlere girmesi, orijinal atmosferi yaşatmak adına çözüm yolu olmuştur.
Reporting Key Performance Indicator for Driver Using Whatsapp
Authors:   Computer Science Department, BINUS Graduate Program-Master of Computer Science, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia., Sunarto Rintis Mardika , Girsang Abba Suganda , Saragih Melva Hermayanty
Published: June 2021

Employee performance is very important at the company, because employees are the main assets of the company, many companies pay less attention to this, even though this is closely related to customer satisfaction in service and company policy to determine the employee's future. PT. XYZ is a company that provides organized professional services and strict recruitment principles, even before starting work for drivers it must do training for 3 days. However, the facts in the field are different, there are still customers who complain because of poor driver's obligations, such as arriving late or not being good. Because there is no application yet to assess performance, this causes companies to collect complaints data and conduct performance evaluations based on facts in the field in real time. With this problem, the whatsapp chat application is chosen as media reporting, because according to the statistics of active media users, whatsapp will make it easier for drivers and customers to connect with the company's customer service (ChatBOT) in real time. The purpose of this study is to create and manage Key Performance Indicators by getting data feedback from the driver or customer per day that will be obtained at the end of the monthly period. Data obtained from feedback will be given to customers who provide material for companies to make decisions to determine work contracts and awards for drivers who work well
Identifying interspecific lines of coffee resistant to Hemileia vastatrix Berk. et Br. and evaluating their adaptability to the coffee growing region of Puerto Rico
Authors: Rodríguez Rocío del P. , González Wigmar , Bosques Oswaldo
Published: June 2021

Thirteen lines from the coffee germplasm collection of the Adjuntas Agricultural Experiment Substation, lines T-5175 and T-8667 from Costa Rica, and four advanced multilines from the Portugal Research Center for Coffee Rust (CIFC; ‘Centro de Investigación de la Roya del Café de Portugal’) were evaluated for resistance to Hemileia vastatrix and their performance under coffee production conditions in Puerto Rico. The evaluations were conducted in the laboratory and on selected coffee farms. Lines of “Catimor” and “Sarchimor” types were selected based on their reaction to the rust pathogen and excellent agronomic characteristics and named ‘Frontón’ and ‘Limaní’, respectively. Incidence of black beans was examined in red, medium and green beans and was significantly higher in line T-5175, in plantings <300 meters above sea level, and in medium ripe and green fruits. Catimor lines from the CIFC were superior to the check ‘Caturra’ in fruit production and yield of green coffee.
SNSF Datastory - The SNSF funds over 80% of researchers from Switzerland before their first ERC grant
Authors: Klein Georges , Mattern Julius
Published: June 2021

Researchers working in Switzerland are very successful with applications to the European Research Council (ERC). Our analysis shows: By 2019, 84% of these grantees had previously received funding from the SNSF.
Theory of judicial security
Authors:   Lviv  university  of  business  and  law, Bordun Olesia
Published: June 2021

In this article, we have attempted to generalise the current theory of judicial security. We emphasised that traditionally the judicial security theory includes a set of scientific views on the security of the court, judge, justice system and participants in the trial, and the status of the Judicial Protection Service. We briefly described the history of judicial security and drew attention to the reforms of recent years. An analysis of international judicial standards has shown that the security of the judiciary correlates to its independence. We proposed an interdisciplinary adaptation of the judicial security methodology, considering the limitations of specialised research on the subject. As a result, we concluded that the lack of a sole methodological guideline produces uncorrelated changes in the judicial security system elements. To systematise the theory of security of the judiciary, we propose to consider the methodological basis of international standards of justice.
Prerequisites for the development of a clear social responsibility concept
Authors:   Lviv university  of  business  and  law, Yevstakhevych Andrii , Von-Nahy Iren Karen
Published: June 2021

The concept of social responsibility has a broad interpretation due to different approaches to forming its concept, the definition of fundamental principles, methods, and ways to ensure the expected results. The term "social responsibility" should be used considering the current state of research in this area and the discourse formed under the influence of the integration of foreign experience in ensuring social responsibility and the practice of Ukrainian enterprises in this area. We considered the history of formation and development of the concept of social responsibility of enterprises in Ukraine. We noted that the approaches to the formation of the concept of social responsibility differ significantly. We emphasized that the development of a transparent concept of social responsibility should be based on the factors, content and models of this activity. We concluded that due to the crisis in the economy and society in Ukraine, the concept of social responsibility had acquired a unique regional shape. This gave rise to the lack of a unified state policy of social responsibility of business, unsystematic measures of enterprises to implement the introductory provisions, the lack of a systematic approach to the transformation of social responsibility management
Construction of KPI-based motivation policy for advancing sustainable procurement logistics of agricultural enterprises: competence approach
Authors:   Lutsk  National  Technical University, Lipych Lyubov , Zelenko Oksana , Zelenko Sergeii , Kushnir Myroslava , Khilukha Oksana
Published: June 2021

In challenging economic conditions, motivational mechanisms capable of maintaining sustainable logistics management of agricultural enterprises are declining. This study aims to specify the forms of connecting the motivational policy, KPI and sustainable logistics of agricultural enterprises. As a result of theoretical research, we have proved that the competencies of logistics managers can be the appropriate connector. We have considered the hypothesis that there are key competencies that logistics managers recognize as the most important and most often implemented for advancing sustainable procurement logistics. To confirm the hypothesis, we collected data from interviews with logistics managers of Ukrainian agricultural enterprises. To process the data, we used the method of integrated ABC-XYZ analysis. As a result, we found that the AX group (the most important and frequently used competencies) includes the high general qualification and the ability to assess the effectiveness of logistics operations and processes objectively. Unlike other studies, the novelty of the presented results is as follows. We advocate the idea of the motivational influence of performance indicators and propose to form KPI system taking into account the importance and frequency of using the established competencies of logistics managers. Our proposals are a prerequisite for developing a flexible motivational policy for sustainable procurement logistics
Access to a genuinely independent and impartial trial: a review of the sixteenth sustainability goal completeness
Authors:   Main Division of the National Police in Lviv oblast, Sopilnyk Rostyslav , Piwowarski Juliusz
Published: June 2021

The sixteenth sustainability goal is about equality in access to justice. However, according to some events in Eastern Europe, access is insufficient. The court must be genuinely independent and impartial. In this regard, we decided to find arguments in favour of expanding the sixteenth sustainability goal. A review of the sources and a theoretical study indicated a clear link between judicial independence and sustainable development. We used the method of doctrinal research. ECtHR cases have become our data for qualitative analysis. We have reaffirmed that judicial independence is the condition of the rule of law. It means conduction of proceedings without any pressure or interference on a judge, particularly from other branches of government. We argue that the entire independence of the judiciary appears on the background of the subjective and objective independence of the judge. In addition, this study demonstrates that judicial independence is a condition for sustainable development. It is associated with public trust and public confidence in the reality of such independence. In the example of equality of parties, we pointed out that there is no need to detail the sixteenth goal further. With our study, we wish to breathe new energy into the sixteenth goal of sustainable development