bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcome and complication comparison for intramedullary nail versus open reduction internal fixation in humeral diaphyseal fractures for 2800 matched patient pairs utilizing the Nationwide Readmissions Database
Authors: Oldenburg Kirsi S. , Welsh Megan E. , Goodloe Jonathan Brett , Friedman Richard J. , Eichinger Josef K.
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) and intramedullary nail fixation (IMN) are the predominant repair methods for operative treatment of humeral diaphyseal fractures; however, the optimal method is not fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether IMN or ORIF humeral diaphyseal surgeries result in a significantly higher prevalence of adverse outcomes and whether these outcomes were age dependent. We hypothesize there is no difference in reoperation rates and complications between IMN and ORIF for humeral diaphyseal fractures.

Methods

Data collected from 2015 to 2017 from the Nationwide Readmissions Database were evaluated to compare the prevalence of six adverse outcomes: radial nerve palsy, infections, nonunion, malunion, delayed healing, and revisions. Patients treated for a primary humeral diaphyseal fracture with either IMN or ORIF were matched and compared (n = 2,804 pairs). Patients with metastatic cancer were excluded.

Results

Following an ORIF procedure, there was a greater odds of undergoing revision surgery (p = 0.03) or developing at least one of the complications of interest (p = 0.03). In the age-stratified analysis, no significant differences were identified in the prevalence of adverse outcomes between the IMN and ORIF cohorts in the 0–19, 20–39, and 40–59 age groups. Patients who were 60 + had 1.89 times the odds of experiencing at least one complication and 2.04 times the odds of undergoing a revision after an ORIF procedure versus an IMN procedure (p = 0.03 for both).

Discussion

IMN and ORIF for humeral diaphyseal fractures are comparable in regard to complications revision rates in patients under the age of 60. Meanwhile, patients 60 + years show a statistically significant increase in the odds of undergoing revision surgery or experiencing complications following an ORIF. Since IMN appears to be more beneficial to older patients, being 60 + years old should be considered when determining fracture repair techniques for patients presenting with primary humeral diaphyseal fractures.

Level of Evidence III.
A streptavidin–biotin system combined with magnetic actuators for remote neuronal guidance
Authors: Levenberg Dafna Rivka , Varon Eli , Indech Ganit , Ben Uliel Tal , Geri Lidor , Sharoni Amos , Shefi Orit
Published: June 2023

The ability to control neuronal mobility and organization is of great importance in developing neuronal interfaces and novel therapeutic approaches. An emerging promising method is the manipulation of neuronal cells from afar via magnetic forces. Nevertheless, using magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as internal actuators may lead to biotoxicity, adverse influence on intracellular processes, and thus requires prerequisite considerations for therapeutic approaches. Magnetizing the cells via the incorporation of magnetic particles that can be applied extracellularly is advantageous. Herein, we have developed a magnetic system based on streptavidin–biotin interaction to decorate cellular membrane with magnetic elements. In this model, superparamagnetic microparticles, coated with streptavidin, were specifically bound to biotinylated PC12 cells. We demonstrated that cell movement can be directed remotely by the forces produced by pre-designed magnetic fields. First, using time lapse imaging, we analyzed the kinetics of cell migration towards the higher flux zone. Next, to form organized networks of cells we designed and fabricated micro-patterned magnetic devices. The fabricated devices were composed of a variety of ferromagnetic shapes, sputter-deposited onto glass substrates. Cells that were conjugated to the magnetic particles were plated atop the micro-patterned substrates, attracted to the magnetic actuators and became fixed onto the magnetic patterns. In all, our study presents a novel system based on a well-known molecular technology combined with nanotechnology that may well lead to the expansion of implantable magnetic actuators to organize and direct cellular growth.
Genome wide identification and characterization of fertility associated novel CircRNAs as ceRNA reveal their regulatory roles in sheep fecundity
Authors: Yousuf Salsabeel , Malik Waqar Afzal , Feng Hui , Liu Tianyi , Xie Lingli , Miao Xiangyang
Published: June 2023

Reproductive traits play a vital role in determining the production efficiency of sheep. Maximizing the production is of paramount importance for breeders worldwide due to the growing population. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) act as miRNA sponges by absorbing miRNA activity through miRNA response elements (MREs) and participate in ceRNA regulatory networks (ceRNETs) to regulate mRNA expression. Despite of extensive research on role of circRNAs as miRNA sponges in various species, their specific regulatory roles and mechanism in sheep ovarian tissue are still not well understood. In this study, we performed whole genome sequencing of circRNAs, miRNA and mRNA employing bioinformatic techniques on ovine tissues of two contrasting sheep breeds "Small tail Han (X_LC) and Dolang sheep (D_LC)", which results into identification of 9,878 circRNAs with a total length of 23,522,667 nt and an average length of 2,381.32 nt. Among them, 44 differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs) were identified. Moreover, correlation between miRNA-mRNA and lncRNA-miRNA provided us with to prediction of miRNA binding sites on nine differentially expressed circRNAs and 165 differentially expressed mRNAs using miRanda. miRNA-mRNA and lncRNA-miRNA pairs with negative correlation were selected to determine the ceRNA score along with positively correlated pairs from lncRNA and mRNA network. Integration of ceRNA score and positively correlated pairs exhibit a significant ternary relationship among circRNAs-miRNA-mRNA demonestrated by ceRNA, comprising of 50 regulatory pairs sharring common nodes and predicted potential differentially expressed circRNAs-miRNAs-mRNAs regulatory axis. Based on functional enrichment analysis shortlisted key ceRNA regulatory pairs associated with reproduction including circRNA_3257-novel579_mature-EPHA3, circRNA_8396-novel130_mature-LOC101102473, circRNA_4140- novel34_mature > novel661_mature-KCNK9, and circRNA_8312-novel339_mature-LOC101110545. Furthermore, expression profiling, functional enrichments and qRT-PCR analysis of key target genes infer their implication in reproduction and metabolism. ceRNA target mRNAs evolutionary trajectories, expression profiling, functional enrichments, subcellular localizations following genomic organizations will provide new insights underlying molecular mechanisms of reproduction, and establish a solid foundation for future research.

Graphical Abstract

Graphical abstract summarizing the scheme of study
Testing of a new Yb:YAG fiber laser system for the removal of graphic vandalism from marble
Authors: Suzuki Amelia , Riminesi Cristiano , Ricci Marilena , Vettori Silvia , Salvadori Barbara
Published: June 2023

Graphic vandalism causes detrimental effects on architectural stone surfaces. Among the cleaning methods developed in the last decades, laser cleaning showed considerable effectiveness but the available equipment still lacks full adaptability for the use on site, while the cleaning process is time-consuming for the site work requirements. In this paper, the feasibility of a fiber laser operating at 1064 nm (Yb:YAG) at high repetition rate (kHz) for the removal of vandal graffiti from marble is investigated, as it is potentially suitable for cleaning of large surfaces. Indeed, this device exploits a scan system covering a wider area than that of solid state lasers, while maintaining excellent portability. Evaluation of the cleaning procedure on a selection of spray paints and felt-tip permanent markers applied on marble mock-ups is carried out with a multimodal approach (optical microscopy combined with surface pattern reconstruction, colour monitoring, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy in external reflection and ATR mode, Thin Layer Chromatography, Raman spectroscopy, thermal monitoring, scanning electron microscopy). Ablation and thermal effects are observed varying the laser setting and the type of paint layer, with repetition rate showing a strong impact on the type of interaction. Overall, best cleaning procedures are achieved for the thinning of the black marker and the removal of the black spray paint. Some residues on the best results were observed, suggesting that the laser needs to be integrated with a second step of chemical cleaning. This study, focused on graffiti removal, shows that fiber laser can be a useful tool for cleaning of large monumental surfaces.

Graphical Abstract
Latency arbitrage and the synchronized placement of orders
Authors: Kuhle Wolfgang
Published: June 2023

We argue that owing to traders’ inability to fully express their preferences over the execution times of their orders, contemporary stock market designs are prone to latency arbitrage. In turn, we propose a new order type, which allows traders to specify the time at which their orders are executed after reaching the exchange. Using recent latency data, we demonstrate that the order type proposed here allows traders to synchronize order executions across different exchanges, such that high-frequency traders, even if they operate at the speed of light, can no-longer engage in latency arbitrage.
Effectiveness of a cardiovascular health EHR application for cancer survivors in community oncology practice: Results from WF-1804CD.
Authors: Weaver Kathryn E. , Dressler Emily Van Meter , Klepin Heidi D. , Lee Simon Craddock , Smith Sydney , Wells Brian J , Hundley W. Gregory , Lesser Glenn Jay , Nightingale Chandylen L , Throckmorton Alyssa , Hernandez Marcia , Hanna Jenny Marie , Lackey Ian T. , Heard Kevin , Foraker Randi E ,   AH-HA study team
Published: June 2023

LBA12007

Background: Practice guidelines recommend cardiovascular risk assessment and counseling for cancer survivors. The Automated Heart-Health Assessment study (AH-HA: WF-1804CD, NCT# 03935282) evaluated a novel electronic health record (EHR) clinical decision support tool based on American Heart Association Simple 7 cardiovascular health (CVH) factors to promote provider-patient CVH discussions in outpatient oncology. Methods: This clinic-randomized trial (R01CA226078), coordinated by the Wake Forest NCORP Research Base (UG1CA189824), randomized NCORP oncology practices using the Epic EHR to the AH-HA tool or usual care and enrolled survivors receiving routine care at least 6 months post-curative cancer treatment. The tool rendered an interactive display of risk factors, automatically populated from the EHR, alongside a tab indicating receipt of cancer treatments with cardiotoxic potential. Survivors at AH-HA sites had tool access during a routine visit; survivors at usual care sites did not. Immediately post-visit, each survivor was asked about counseling on 7 CVH factors [body mass index, physical activity, diet, smoking status, blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose]. The primary endpoint is survivor-reported discussion of non-ideal or missing CVH factors; with 8 randomized practices (ICC=0.03), the study design had 82% power to detect a difference of 20% reported discussions in usual care versus 40% in AH-HA. Additional clinical endpoints were documentation of CVH discussions, referrals to primary care and cardiology, and change in CVH factors over 12 months (ongoing). A mixed effects logistic regression model assessed the effect of AH-HA on CVH discussions between the arms, with study arm as a fixed effect and practice as a random effect. Results: 5 usual care and 4 AH-HA practices enrolled 645 survivors from 10/1/2020- 2/28/2023. The majority had breast cancer (82%; 8% endometrial, 5% colorectal, 5% prostate, lymphoma or multiple types). Most survivors were female (96%; 84% White/non-Hispanic, 8% Black; 3% Hispanic; mean age= 62 yrs and median time since diagnosis=3.6 yrs). 18 participants (3%) did not complete necessary assessments, leaving 627 evaluable. 87% of providers (n=15) rated the tool utility and ease of use positively. Conclusions: The AH-HA tool was acceptable and effective at promoting CVH discussions during routine follow-up care for survivors and referrals to primary care. Clinical trial information: NCT03935282 . [Table: see text]
Frequency, Characteristics, and Risk Factors for Falls at an Inpatient Cancer Rehabilitation Unit
Authors: Gupta Ekta , Tennison Jegy M. , Shin Ki Y. , Fu Jack B. , Rozman de Moraes Aline , Naqvi Syed Mujtaba Ali , Fellman Bryan , Bruera Eduardo
Published: June 2023

PURPOSE

Falls in the hospital can lead to adverse events, including injuries. Studies have shown that patients with cancer and those undergoing inpatient rehabilitation (IPR) are at higher risk for falls. Therefore, we measured the frequency, degree of harm, and characteristics of patients who fell in an inpatient cancer rehabilitation unit.

METHODS

A retrospective review was conducted on inpatient cancer rehabilitation patients admitted from January 2012 to February 2016. Fall frequency, degree of harm, fall circumstances, cancer type, patient's fall risk score on the basis of the MD Anderson Cancer Center Adult Inpatient Fall Risk Assessment Tool (MAIFRAT), length of stay, and risk factors were evaluated for patients.

RESULTS

There were 72 out of 1,571 unique individual falls (4.6%), with a falls incidence of 3.76 falls per 1,000 patient-days. Most fallers (86%) suffered no harm. Risk factors for falls included presence of patient-controlled analgesia pump ( P = .03), pump such as insulin or wound vacuum-assisted closure ( P < .01), nasogastric, gastric, or chest tube ( P = .05), and higher MAIFRAT score ( P < .01). The fallers were younger (62 v 66; P = .04), had a longer IPR stay (13 v 9; P = .03), and had a lower Charlson comorbidity index (6 v 8; P < .01).

CONCLUSION

The frequency and degree of harm for falls in the IPR unit were less than previous studies, which suggests that mobilization for these patients with cancer is safe. The presence of certain medical devices may contribute to fall risk, and more research is needed to better prevent falls in this higher-risk subgroup.
Prevalence of Deleterious Variants in MC3R in Patients With Constitutional Delay of Growth and Puberty
Authors: Duckett Katie , Williamson Alice , Kincaid John W R , Rainbow Kara , Corbin Laura J , Martin Hilary C , Eberhardt Ruth Y , Huang Qin Qin , Hurles Matthew E , He Wen , Brauner Raja , Delaney Angela , Dunkel Leo , Grinspon Romina P , Hall Janet E , Hirschhorn Joel N , Howard Sasha R , Latronico Ana C , Jorge Alexander A L , McElreavey Ken , Mericq Verónica , Merino Paulina M , Palmert Mark R , Plummer Lacey , Rey Rodolfo A , Rezende Raíssa C , Seminara Stephanie B , Salnikov Kathryn , Banerjee Indraneel , Lam Brian Y H , Perry John R B , Timpson Nicholas J , Clayton Peter , Chan Yee-Ming , Ong Ken K , O’Rahilly Stephen
Published: June 2023

Context

The melanocortin 3 receptor (MC3R) has recently emerged as a critical regulator of pubertal timing, linear growth, and the acquisition of lean mass in humans and mice. In population-based studies, heterozygous carriers of deleterious variants in MC3R report a later onset of puberty than noncarriers. However, the frequency of such variants in patients who present with clinical disorders of pubertal development is currently unknown.

Objective

This work aimed to determine whether deleterious MC3R variants are more frequently found in patients clinically presenting with constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP) or normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (nIHH).

Methods

We examined the sequence of MC3R in 362 adolescents with a clinical diagnosis of CDGP and 657 patients with nIHH, experimentally characterized the signaling properties of all nonsynonymous variants found and compared their frequency to that in 5774 controls from a population-based cohort. Additionally, we established the relative frequency of predicted deleterious variants in individuals with self-reported delayed vs normally timed menarche/voice-breaking in the UK Biobank cohort.

Results

MC3R loss-of-function variants were infrequent but overrepresented in patients with CDGP (8/362 [2.2%]; OR = 4.17; P = .001). There was no strong evidence of overrepresentation in patients with nIHH (4/657 [0.6%]; OR = 1.15; P = .779). In 246 328 women from the UK Biobank, predicted deleterious variants were more frequently found in those self-reporting delayed (aged ≥16 years) vs normal age at menarche (OR = 1.66; P = 3.90E-07).

Conclusion

We have found evidence that functionally damaging variants in MC3R are overrepresented in individuals with CDGP but are not a common cause of this phenotype.
Artifactual
Authors: Davis Elizabeth Anne
Published: June 2023

In Artifactual, Elizabeth Anne Davis explores how Cypriot researchers, scientists, activists, and artists process and reckon with civil and state violence that led to the enduring division of the island, using forensic and documentary materials to retell and recontextualize conflicts between and within the Greek-Cypriot and Turkish-Cypriot communities. Davis follows forensic archaeologists and anthropologists who attempt to locate, identify, and return to relatives the remains of Cypriots killed in those conflicts. She turns to filmmakers who use archival photographs and footage to come to terms with political violence and its legacies. In both forensic science and documentary filmmaking, the dynamics of secrecy and revelation shape how material remains such as bones and archival images are given meaning. Throughout, Davis demonstrates how Cypriots navigate the tension between an ethics of knowledge, which valorizes truth as a prerequisite for recovery and reconciliation, and the politics of knowledge, which renders evidence as irremediably partial and perpetually falsifiable.
Price Analysis in the European Food Supply Chain
Authors: Pachis Dimitris , Peppas George , Dimitras Augustin
Published: June 2023

The paper assesses the degree of price cooperation between the main agricultural supply chain stakeholders in EU-27. The price transmission mechanism between producers and retailers is used for assessing cooperation. Cereals prices of EU-27 are used for the empirical analysis (January 1995 - April 2022). The price mechanism is modeled via the Co-Integrated Vector AutoRegressive (VAR) representation. The empirical analysis follows the usual drill of stationarity and co-integration tests followed by Granger Causality tests, Impulse Responses and Forecasts of Error Decomposition. The results show restricted cooperation between supply chain stakeholders.

 

JEL Classifications: Q13, Q18

 

Keywords: Price analysis, European Union - 27, supply chain management
Do econometric advances lead to more accurate VaR estimations when the legislation requirements are applied? The case of Turkish Lira FX Market.
Authors: Vasileiou Evangelos , Rizopoulos Ioannis
Published: June 2023

This paper empirically tests the benefits of econometric advances in the field of Value at Risk (VaR) within the existing legal framework that regulates the Banking (Basel III) and Asset Management industry (CESR (2010)). We test several VaR models, from the simplest and the most easily applied, i.e. the Historical VaR (HVaR), Variance Covariance VaR (VCVaR), and the Exponential Weighted Moving Average VaR (EWMAVaR), to advanced models such as GARCH(1,1).  We test these models by examining the extremely volatile FX market of the Turkish Lira (TRY) and we evaluate the models according to the criteria set by the legal framework on VaR. The empirical findings suggest that the HVaR model is a very reliable model if the goal of a risk manager is to satisfy the legislation requirements. However, we should mention that models that make use advances in econometrics lead to more accurate and more representative VaR estimations than the HVaR. The law should give incentives to adopt more representative models in the financial industry in order to take advantage of advances in financial modeling.

 

JEL Classification: C53; G15

Keywords: Value-at-risk; GARCH estimation; Historical VaR; Variance Covariance; Exponential Weighted Moving Average VaR; Back-testing; Legislation; FX Market
The leader – manager debate in the Greek public administration: a critical review of the literature and future research agenda.
Authors: Tzavella Vassiliki
Published: June 2023

One factor that researchers regularly cite as one of the most important contributors to organizational performance is leadership. However, despite the widespread speculation that leadership is important for organizational success, there has been relatively little research regarding the impact of leadership behaviours on organizational performance in governmental entities. More specifically, there is little research examining the impact of transformational leadership behaviours on organizational performance within governmental entities. The point is to examine the leader – manager debate in the field of Public Administration in Greece, in the light of the implementation of the New Public Management.                   Consequently, the purpose of this paper is to make a bibliographic review of these issues in the case of Greece, summarizing definitions and characteristics of leadership, leadership styles, differences between management and leadership styles and to study the challenge of  public sector leadership in a time of crisis, the impact of New Public Management in the public sector administration as well as the leader / manager debate in the Greek public administration context. Τhe debate about Greece is being developed in the modern dimensions of the governance and administration of the quality of the institutions, that is in the modern results of good management and leadership.

Through an illustrative bibliographic review we have conducted so far, there is a lack of studies about the impact of Greek public sector leadership, the existence of a best leadership style and whether the regional government can work effectively in terms of private sector management to be effective and rewarding in the local community. We base our study on Van Wart’s (2003) literature review on public sector leadership. Does public sector leadership existing in its own right, or is it merely private leadership applied to the public domain? Is there any  need for leadership development programs which focus on the difference between administrative leaders in the public sector and  their counterparts in the business world? What is the best leadership style to use in a time of crisis?

 

Keywords: Leadership, Management, Local Government, Greek Public Administration, New Public Management.
Disclosure Level before and after the application of an IPSAS based accounting system: The case of Greece
Authors: Vrentzou Eleni
Published: June 2023

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare the level of central government financial information disclosed in the annual financial statements before and after the adoption of an accounting system based on International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS). A comparison of this disclosure level to the IPSAS required disclosure level is also performed.

Design/methodology/approach – This study uses a checklist of disclosure items used to measure the IPSAS disclosure level and compare this with the score of the government financial statements in Greece for the years 2011-2020.

Findings – The results show significant differences between the disclosure level of the government financial statements before and after the application of an IPSAS based accounting system. Specified application difficulties explain the difference between the required IPSAS disclosure level and the level already achieved by the Greek public accounting system.

Practical implications – The research findings are potentially relevant to academics and practitioners since it provides evidence on the improvement of the disclosure level on the process of IPSAS application. It also identifies difficulties faced on this process and explains how they affect the disclosure level achieved.

 

JEL CODE: H83

Key words: International Public Sector Accounting Standards, Disclosure, Public Sector Accounting
Preface Proceedings ICBE-HOU 2022
Authors: Dimitras Augustinos , Peppas George , Vilou Aimilia
Published: June 2023

This Conference Proceedings’ volume includes 15 articles selected among 75 papers submitted to the Eighth ICBE - HOU, which was successfully held on June 17-18, 2022. We followed a double-blind peer review process for the submitted papers, in which reviewers were either members of the Scientific Committee or external ones. With this second volume, the Conference maintains its commitment to encourage and promote high-quality works in the field of Business Administration by providing Open Access publishing.
Structural concrete with a complex addition of hydrothermal nanosilicon and carbon nanotubes
Authors: Polonina Elena , Leonovich Sergey , Fedosov Sergey , Yaglov Valeriy
Published: June 2023

The monograph is devoted to improving the methods of directed and controlled regulation of the C — S — H-gel structure by varying the doses, sizes, physical and chemical characteristics of the surface, and the nanoparticles used. The authors have developed an additive that additionally contains a superplasticizer to reduce the water demand of the concrete mixture and stabilize the nanoparticles. The dependences of the strength growth of cement stone and structural heavy concrete on the components of the complex additive are revealed. Experimental confirmation of the mechanism of action of a combined nano—additive with a reduced consumption of nanoparticles on the structure of C — S - H-gel was obtained based on the results of the application of a set of methods. It is revealed that the use of a complex additive contributes to a proportional increase in the reduced modulus of elasticity, hardness, and mechanical characteristics of Portland cement stone and concrete. The study of the additive in the conditions of the construction site showed the prospects of its application for construction, ensuring a reduction in the cost of the technology of nanomodification of concrete relative to the effect of improving performance.
For specialists of research, construction and design organizations dealing with the modification of concrete with nanomaterials, as well as for students, undergraduates, postgraduates, teachers who work on the problems of building materials science.
Effect of changes in soil moisture on agriculture soils: response of microbial community, enzymatic and physiological diversity
Authors: Bogati Kalisa , Sewerniak Piotr , Walczak Maciej
Published: June 2023

Global warming-induced drought stress and the duration of changes in soil moisture content may reshape or complicate these ecological relations. Biological activity could be affected severely by the impact of drought on agricultural ecosystems. In this study, 4 agricultural different soils were collected, and analyzed at each time gradient (0, 1, 2, 4, 8th week) to determine the physicochemical parameters, microbial abundance, enzyme activities (dehydrogenases (DH), phosphatases (acid ACP and alkaline ALP) and urease (UR)), and physiological diversity. We found that soil physicochemical properties fluctuated within the time gradient in all sites, but significantly decreased in total organic carbon, available phosphorus (P2O5 Olsena), nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+) (except for S site) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content (except for L site). Overall, ALP activity was higher compared to ACP activity. The DH activity was highest at sampling day (high moisture content) in G and N sites, and at 2nd week for L and S sites, but significantly decreased at the end of the experiment. The UR activity decreased significantly in G, L and N sites but increased in S site at the end of our experiment compared to the sampling day. Overall, the physiological diversity of the microbial community was strongly affected by water stress in the utilization of carbohydrates, carboxylic and acetic acids, amino acids, polymers, and amines, in all sites. Our findings highlighted that the short-term duration of drought stress had a significant influence on soil biological activity. This may improve the understanding of impact of soil moisture changes on soil nutrient cycling and biological activities in agricultural ecosystems.
Wpływ hesperydyny na rozwój stresu oksydacyjnego w sercu szczurów z cukrzycą typu 1
Authors: Bramora Piotr , Zych Maria , Borymska Weronika , Kaczmarczyk-Żebrowska Ilona
Published: June 2023

W przebiegu cukrzycy obserwuje się hiperglikemię, która jest jedną z przyczyn rozwoju stresu oksydacyjnego uszkadzającego różne tkanki i narządy organizmu, w tym serce. Suplementacja związków pochodzenia roślinnego o właściwościach antyoksydacyjnych może być skuteczną metodą zapobiegania powstawaniu stresu oksydacyjnego. W niniejszym badaniu określono rolę flawonoidu hesperydyny na parametry stresu oksydacyjnego w tkance serca w przebiegu cukrzycy typu 1. W tym celu hesperydynę w dawkach 50 i 100 mg/kg podawano per os przez 28 dni samcom szczurów szczepu Wistar, u których wywołano cukrzycę poprzezwstrzyknięcie dootrzewnowe streptozotocyny. U gryzoni z cukrzycą wykazano wzrost aktywności katalazy, peroksydazy glutationowej oraz zawartości aldehydu dimalonowego w sercu. Zastosowanie hesperydyny w obu dawkach spowodowałospadek aktywności dysmutazy ponadtlenkowej, zmniejszenie zawartości aldehydu dimalonowego, natomiast efektem wyższej dawki flawonoidu było także obniżenie całkowitego statusu oksydacyjnego połączone ze wzrostem całkowitej odpowiedziantyoksydacyjnej. Można stwierdzić, że hesperydyna łagodzi zaburzenia równowagi oksydoredukcyjnej w tkance serca w przebiegu cukrzycy typu 1.
Masłosz Parka Vitellaria paradoxa jako źródło cennego surowca kosmetycznego
Authors: Simka Wiktoria , Kowalik Katarzyna
Published: June 2023

Masłosz Parka Vitellaria paradoxa jest rośliną, która należy do rodziny sączyńcowatych Sapotaceae i występuje w Afryce Subsaharyjskiej. Wykazuje wiele zastosowań, a najbardziej popularna jest ze względu na tłuszcz otrzymywany z owoców. Nazywasię go masłem shea i wykorzystuje m.in. jako surowiec kosmetyczny. Dzięki obecności licznych substancji biologicznie czynnych masło shea ma szereg dobroczynnych właściwości. Wpływa korzystnie na skórę oraz jej przydatki, działając przede wszystkim nawilżająco, ochronnie, przeciwzapalnie i antyoksydacyjnie. Masło shea wykorzystywane jest do produkcji kosmetyków różnego przeznaczenia – do pielęgnacji skóry, włosów i paznokci – a także produktów leczniczych. Wielu producentów oferuje kosmetyki z masłem shea w składzie. Niniejsza praca przeglądowa przedstawia aktualne informacje dotyczące gatunku Vitellaria paradoxa jako źródła cennego surowca stosowanego w preparatach kosmetycznych.
Potencjał antyoksydacyjny wodnych ekstraktów z kwiatów roślin jagodowych
Authors: Wysokińska Agnieszka , Wawer Iwona , Paradowska Katarzyna
Published: June 2023

Stres oksydacyjny jest jedną z przyczyn przeciążenia i nieskuteczności działania systemu obronnego organizmu. Czynnikiem aktywującym stres oksydacyjny są rodniki. Ważną rolę w zmniejszeniu uszkodzeń spowodowanych reaktywnością rodników pełnią antyoksydanty żywieniowe, których dostarczanie ma charakter prewencyjny, opóźniając proces utleniania. Przykładami surowców zawierających duże ilości antyoksydantów są owoce jagodowe, w tym aronii i bzu czarnego. Natomiast kwiaty aronii, porzeczki czarnej oraz porzeczki czerwonej nie były do tej pory powszechnym materiałem badawczym. Oznaczenia polifenoli ogółem (TP)metodą Folina-Ciocalteu oraz zastosowanie testów FRAP, ABTS+, DPPH i ORAC, wykonanych dla ekstraktów wodnych otrzymanych z kwiatów aronii, porzeczki czarnej i czerwonej oraz czarnego bzu pozwoliły na określenie ich aktywności przeciwutleniającej. Spośród badanych ekstraktów z liofilizatów kwiatów największą aktywność antyoksydacyjną wykazuje aronia, mniejszą – porzeczka czarna,jeszcze mniejszą – bez czarny, a najmniejszą – porzeczka czerwona. Na postawie uzyskanych wyników wykazano, że istnieje korelacja pomiędzy zawartością związków polifenolowych a aktywnością antyoksydacyjną. Wyniki są istotne ze względu na możliwości wykorzystania kwiatów jako źródła polifenoli i innych naturalnych antyoksydantów.
Kopernik w Europie - zapiski z peregrynacji z dziełem Kopernika po Europie z okazji Międzynarodowego Roku Astronomii
Authors: Szmak Andrzej
Published: June 2023

Zapis peregrynacji z reprintem dzieła Kopernika „De revolutionibus”  po Europie z okazji Międzynarodowego Roku Astronomii. Kraków- Budapeszt- Wiedeń- Linz- Padva- Mediolan –Lyon- Paryż- Bruksela-Amsterdam- Getynga. Jedenaście sławnych europejskich miast, 5000 kilometrów w dziesięć dni i jedno pytanie: Jaki obraz Kopernika dotrwał do dzisiejszych czasów ?  Europa Kopernika kojarzy raczej słabo. W tym o co chodziło w jego teorii i jakie miało znaczenie dla rozwoju ludzkości orientują się nieliczni. To jednak Kopernik przewrócił cały wszechświat do góry nogami. Napisał dzieło dla elity uczonych ,  ale wszyscy jesteśmy nim naznaczeni. I wszędzie, na Piazza Dumo w Mediolanie, nad kanałami Amsterdamu i przed paryską Sorboną spotykaliśmy ludzi, młodych i starszych, którzy mieli tego świadomość. Było ich zaskakująco wielu.
Niezachowane hełmy wież katedry krakowskiej (wybrane zagadnienia)
Authors: Czyżewski Krzysztof J.
Published: June 2023

In the panorama of Krakow during the times of Sigismund I, new accents appeared, namely new helmets of the towers of the Krakow cathedral. They were in the shape of large bans surrounded by four similar smaller ones. In this way, the cathedral belfry was crowned, which in the years 1515-1521, financed by Jan Konarski and the chapter, was strengthened and raised by one floor intended for a new large bell. A similar cover was given to the Salomon Tower (Clock Tower), founded by canon Jan Salomon in the years 1518-1522 (the helmet was probably built in 1525). Both new tower finials were described in the descriptions as domed or round (tectum rotundum), thus different from the medieval spires crowning the taller tower of St Mary’s Church and town hall. Unfortunately, none of these carpentry constructions has survived to this day, therefore their form must be reconstructed on the basis of imperfect iconographic sources. The main question is whether the most important element was the dome placed on the dam or the onion bulb. The solution to this dilemma is the starting point for the interpretation of these architectural works in terms of aesthetics, styles, genetics and ideas. It should be noted that both the covering of the belfry and the clock tower were created at the time when all’antica buildings were being built on Wawel Hill: the tomb chapels of Sigismund I and Bishop Piotr Tomicki and the new royal palace. In fact, the scope of modernization and supplementation of buildings in Wawel was much wider. It is worth mentioning, for example, the transformation of some of the cathedral chapels from the south (Konarski, Kościeleckie, Ożarowskie, Szydłowieccy).
Dendrochronologiczne datowanie dębowej konstrukcji i jarzma dzwonu Zygmunt w wieży Zygmuntowskiej na Wawelu
Authors: Biborski Marcin , Krąpiec Marek
Published: June 2023

Twenty elements of the wooden structure inside the Sigismund Tower and the Sigismund Bell Bed were selected for dendrochronological studies. All analysed the constructional elements made of oak wood. Twelve elements with the sapwood layer retained were sampled with a Pressler increment borer, whereas analysis of the remaining eight elements, with more or less legible cross-sections, was based on macrophotographs. Absolute dating was carried out on the basis of standard chronologies developed for oaks from southern Poland. The dating results of samples from the bell suspension structure, with the last, underbark rings retained, allowed to conclude that the trees for its construction were felled during vegetation breaks in a few consecutive seasons, from 1515/16 to 1519/20 AD. Assuming that the wood from the structure analysed was used without prolonged seasoning, which in principle is the rule, it could be stated that it was erected in 1520 AD from wood accumulated over three successive seasons. The exceptions are some beams with notches difficult to explain from the point of view of their functional purpose, which were dated to the first half of the 15th century. These elements should be interpreted as re-used, probably coming from the previous structure, completely dismantled in 1520 AD.
La garantía legal del Estatuto del Consumidor colombiano y su coordinación con los remedios tradicionales a favor del acreedor
Authors: Flórez Peláez Juana
Published: June 2023

El ordenamiento colombiano, como la mayoría con la misma tradición jurídica, otorga una serie de medios de tutela a favor del acreedor cuyo interés no fue satisfecho con la prestación. Cada una de estas vías tiene efectos jurídicos diferentes, incluso en ciertos casos distintos términos de caducidad, pero el supuesto fáctico que las origina pareciere coincidir, generando dudas sobre su compatibilidad (si su ejercicio puede ser acumulativo, alternativo o son excluyentes). El sistema se hizo aún más complejo con la introducción de la “garantía legal” del Estatuto del Consumidor (Ley 1480 de 2011), la cual, si bien trajo avances importantes para la protección de los derechos de los consumidores, deja una serie de lagunas normativas e incoherencias sistemáticas respecto al ordenamiento existente.
Uncovering the Neural Processes of Privacy: A Neurally Informed Behavioral Intervention to Protect Information Privacy
Authors: Reeck Crystal , Guo Xue , Dimoka Angelika , Pavlou Paul A.
Published: June 2023

People are increasingly aware that their information is being tracked online. Although people generally self-report privacy to be important to them, in practice they often disclose far more private information than their self-reported privacy preferences. This “privacy paradox” could be better understood by uncovering the neural processes underlying the privacy calculus: weighing the risks against the benefits of disclosure. We assess the neural processes shaping privacy tradeoffs to characterize the neural mechanisms underlying privacy tradeoffs to design behavioral interventions that help people make better decisions that align with their privacy preferences. In Study 1, we used functional MRI (fMRI) to identify the neural correlates of the privacy calculus. In Study 2, we leveraged brain insights to design and test a neurally informed behavioral intervention to help people protect their privacy. Our results show that altering the timing when information is presented precisely at the time of decision (specifically within a second) directs attention to privacy risks versus benefits, therefore discouraging participants from disclosing their private information. Identifying the neural processes of privacy helps elucidate the privacy calculus and sheds light on the privacy paradox and guides the design of neurally informed behavioral interventions to help people protect their privacy.
Inter-Unit Executive Redeployment in Multiunit Firms: Evidence from Korean Business Groups
Authors: Chang Sea-Jin , Kim Young-Choon , Park Sangchan
Published: June 2023

Building on the literature on resource reconfiguration theory, we formulate a new theoretical framework that explains how executive redeployment within a diversified firm transfers different types of human capital embodied in executives to different units facing specific business challenges. In the empirical context of Korean business groups, we find that executives with unit-specific human capital, like turnaround experience, competitive experience, and international expansion experience, are redeployed to units with corresponding business challenges like financial difficulties, intensifying competition, and early-stage international expansion, respectively. We also show that executives with unit-generic human capital, like corporate management practices and interunit coordination experiences, are redeployed to younger units seeking to establish corporate-level policies and practices. Additional analyses also show that the value of firm-specific human capital in driving the redeployment of executives is contingent on their functional orientation and seniority.

Funding: S.-J. Chang appreciates financial support from the Lim Kim San Chair Professorship from National University of Singapore and Techno SK Chair Professorship from KAIST. Y.-C. Kim is also grateful for financial support from the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-2022S1A5A2A01044597].

Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2020.14525 .
Directed Acyclic Graph-Type Distributed Ledgers via Young-Age Preferential Attachment
Authors: Mönch Christian , Rizk Amr
Published: June 2023

Distributed ledger technologies provide a mechanism to achieve ordering among transactions that are scattered on multiple participants with no prerequisite trust relations. This mechanism is essentially based on the idea of new transactions referencing older ones in a chain structure. Recently, directed acyclic graph (DAG)-type distributed ledgers that are based on DAGs were proposed to increase the system scalability through sacrificing the total order of transactions. In this paper, we develop a mathematical model to study the process that governs the addition of new transactions to the DAG-type distributed ledger. We propose a simple model for DAG-type distributed ledgers that are obtained from a recursive young-age preferential attachment scheme (i.e., new connections are made preferably to transactions that have not been in the system for very long). We determine the asymptotic degree structure of the resulting graph and show that a forward component of linear size arises if the edge density is chosen sufficiently large in relation to the “young-age preference” that tunes how quickly old transactions become unattractive.

Funding: The research of C. Mönch is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Grant 443916008].
Latest clinical research
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: June 2023

The latest studies of interest to primary care clinicians rounded up by Mark Greener
Identifying and managing irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Patience Sara
Published: June 2023

Sara Patience looks at how nurses working in primary care settings can manage this common condition
Seeking ‘to cease existing as we are’: dynamic strategies of environmental activism in Russia
Authors: Selivanova Galina , Franceschelli Maria Chiara
Published: June 2023

How and why do civil society actors change their modes of activism and strategies under the condition of shrinking civil society space in authoritarian states? Previous studies have tended to juxtapose participatory activism, associated with broader mobilisation, and transactional activism, based on coalition building and professionalised civil society organisations. Using the illustrative example of the environmental social movement organisation RazDel’niy Sbor (‘Separate Collection’) in Saint Petersburg, we demonstrate how the strategic repertoire of civil society organisations changes from participatory to transactional activism over time. The study takes a dynamic outlook on strategies and explores how transactional activism and professionalisation are built on the previous successful participatory phase. Furthermore, the study expands our understanding of the participatory mode of activism that is interpreted in an innovative and safe way to avoid repression in the authoritarian political context of modern Russia.
Quantifying the economic effects of different fishery management regimes in two otherwise similar fisheries
Authors: Liese Christopher , Crosson Scott
Published: June 2023

In the southeast U.S., two very similar fisheries are managed by very different management regimes. In the Gulf of Mexico Reef Fish fishery, all major species are managed by individual transferable quotas (ITQs). The neighboring S. Atlantic Snapper-Grouper fishery continues to be managed by traditional regulations such as vessel trip-limits and closed seasons. Using detailed landings and revenue data from logbooks together with trip-level and annual, vessel-level economic survey data, we develop financial statements for each fishery to estimate cost structures, profits, and resource rent. By comparing the two fisheries from an economic perspective, we illustrate the detrimental effects of the regulatory measures on the S. Atlantic Snapper-Grouper fishery and quantify the difference in economic outcomes, including estimating the difference in resource rent. We find that the choice of fishery management regime shows up as a regime shift in the productivity and profitability of the fisheries. The ITQ fishery generates substantially more resource rents than the traditionally managed fishery; the difference is a large fraction of revenue (~30%). In the S. Atlantic Snapper-Grouper fishery, the potential value of the resource has almost completely dissipated via lower ex-vessel prices and hundreds of thousands of gallons of wasted fuel. Excess use of labor is a lesser issue.
Theocritus' Idyll 11
Authors: Papadimitropoulos Loukas
Published: June 2023

Perhaps the strangest feature of Theocritus’ Idyll 11 is the fact that the Hellenistic poet selects a mythological creature notorious for its barbarism and inhumanity, in order to validate his thesis that poetry is the only medicine for love, the most distinctively ennobling and human of all emotions. The aim of this article is to demonstrate that Theocritus has chosen Polyphemus as an exemplum for his premise because he had been consistently associated in mythology with being blinded. His intention is to show through an elaborate network of interconnected verbal repetitions, as well as literary allusions, which essentially create a subtext to his work, that love, at least as it is experienced by the main character of the Idyll, is a form of self-inflicted blindness, but that, nevertheless, it entails a kind of personal glory. Although Galateia does not respond to Polyphemus’ erotic call, his repeated singing incorporates her —irrespective of her will — into his life; in her absence she is always present, in his erotic failure the Cyclops artistically succeeds. This contiguity of opposites constitutes the core of Theocritus’ proposed medicine: he wants to remain perpetually in love and through his art to make this feeling a part of his everyday life. This is the only way he can control it. In true Hellenistic fashion his principal aim is not erotic gratification, but poetic success. And love exacerbated, but ultimately controlled through song, love condemned to remain unfulfilled, is his chief helper in this task. It is the “blindness” that leads to his glory.
Lacuna voluntária na citação de um texto
Authors: Spaggiari Barbara
Published: June 2023

Um passo de Claudiano, de larga circulação entre o século IV e o Renascimento, ecoa numa oitava de Luís de Camões. Esse makarismós de antiga tradição sofreu uma mudança substancial no curso da sua transmissão. Com efeito, os três versos originais do autor latino deram lugar a uma redação voluntariamente reduzida, por causa da censura religiosa. Foi só na época humanista, com a renovação dos estudos filológicos, que o texto lacunoso teve a dita de ser reconstituído na sua integridade. Em todo este processo (censura e reconstituição) participaram nomes ilustres que vão de Santo Agostinho a Petrarca.