bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Environmental Impact of Reusing Post-Earthquake Demolition Waste: İskenderun Case Study
Authors: Koçak Ahmet Burak , Soyluk Asena , Ayçam İdil
Published: January 2024

Producing recycled aggregate from construction and demolition waste generated by earthquakes and using it as raw material in concrete production would be effective for urgent waste management after disasters and to reduce the environmental impact of concrete production by decreasing resource use. In this study, the life cycle assessment (LCA) method was used to examine the environmental implications of concrete produced using recycled aggregates (RA) derived from construction and demolition waste (CDW) of buildings demolished after the earthquake that struck Iskenderun and was centered in Kahramanmaraş. In addition, the environmental consequences of an equal volume of concrete produced in the same location utilizing natural aggregates (NA) were assessed. For the LCA of these two types of concrete, openLCA software and the ReCiPe midpoint database were used. LCA was conducted considering terrestrial ecotoxicity, climate change, terrestrial acidification, photochemical oxidant formation, marine ecotoxicity, human toxicity, freshwater ecotoxicity, ozone depletion, particulate matter formation, marine eutrophication, and ionizing radiation impact factors. The results show that cement has the highest impact on the environment by far.
Visualization of Tethered Particle Motion with a Multidimensional Simulation
Authors: Ramdin Khovesh , Hackl Markus , Chundawat Shishir P.S.
Published: January 2024

The analysis of particles bound to surfaces by tethers can facilitate understanding of biophysical phenomena (e.g., DNA–protein or protein–ligand interactions and DNA extensibility). Modeling such systems theoretically aids in understanding experimentally observed motions, and the limitations of such models can provide insight into modeling complex systems. The simulation of tethered particle motion (TPM) allows for analysis of complex behaviors exhibited by such systems; however, this type of experiment is rarely taught in undergraduate science classes. We have developed a MATLAB simulation package intended to be used in academic contexts to concisely model and graphically represent the behavior of different tether–particle systems. We show how analysis of the simulation results can be used in biophysical research using single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS). Students in physics, engineering, and chemistry will be able to make connections with principles embedded in the field of study and understand how those principles can be used to create meaningful conclusions in a multidisciplinary context. The simulation package can model any given tether–particle system and allows the user to generate a parameter space with static and dynamic model components. Our simulation was successfully able to recreate generally observed experimental trends by using acoustic force spectroscopy (AFS). Further, the simulation was validated through consideration of the conservation of energy of the tether–bead system, trend analyses, and comparison of particle positional data from actual TPM in silico experiments conducted to simulate data with a parameter space similar to the AFS experimental setup. Overall, our TPM simulator and graphical user interface is primarily for demonstrating behaviors characteristic to TPM in a classroom setting but can serve as a template for researchers to set up TPM simulations to mimic a specific SMFS experimental setup.
Trying Out the Electronic Case Management System in the UAE and Its Compliance with Fundamental Judicial Guarantees
Authors: Alkhatib Abdulla
Published: January 2024

This study considers the Electronic Case Management System (ECMS) and the challenges it faces in achieving basic litigation guarantees, according to the legislation of the UAE, and comparing them with the practices followed by the judicial authorities. The importance of the study lies in the fact that electronic justice has replaced the traditional justice system, where all procedures from registering the case, submitting memoranda, conducting trials, issuing judgments, appealing, and implementing them are carried out through it remotely. This raised the question about the extent to which ECMS provides basic litigation guarantees, specifically the principles of equality, confrontation, defense, and publicity. This study utilizes the comparative analytical approach by exploring the relevant legislation in both traditional and electronic justice and comparing them with the practical implementation of the judicial authorities. The study reveals some challenges that hinder these guarantees and, as a result, concluded with the appropriate solutions and recommendations.

يتناول البحث نظام إدارة الدعوى الالكتروني والتحديات التي تواجهه في تحقيق ضمانات التقاضي الأساسية، وذلك بحسب التشريعات النافذة في دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة ومطابقتها مع الممارسات المتبعة من قبل الجهات القضائية في الدولة، وتبرز أهمية هذا البحث في تبيان نتائج حلول نظام القضاء الالكتروني محل نظام القضاء التقليدي، حيث أصبحت جميع الإجراءات من قيد الدعوى، وتقديم المذكرات، وإجراء المحاكمات وإصدار الأحكام والطعن فيها وتنفيذها تتم عن بعد ومن خلال نظام إدارة الدعوى الالكتروني، الأمر الذي أثار التساؤل عن مدى توفيره لضمانات التقاضي الأساسية، وتحديداً مبادئ: المساواة، والمواجهة، والدفاع، والعلانية، وقد اتبع البحث المنهج التحليلي المقارن ببيان النصوص المتعلقة بهذه الضمانات أمام كل من القضاء التقليدي والقضاء الالكتروني، بالإضافة إلى مطابقتها مع الواقع العملي، وذلك من خلال تجربة الباحث الشخصية كمحام وطرف أصيل في الدعاوى التي حضرها وترافع فيها، وقد كشف البحث عن وجود عدد من التحديات العملية التي تعيق تحقيق هذه الضمانات، وانتهى البحث إلى تقديم الحلول والتوصيات المناسبة بشأنها.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Learning Together (LT) dengan Pendekatan Konstruktivis untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas Belajar Siswa Kelas X IIS 5 SMA Negeri 1 Malili (Studi pada Materi Pokok Ikatan Kimia)
Authors: Umar Andi Taufiq
Published: January 2024

Classroom action research (PTK) is intended to determine how to implement the step by step of Learning Together through Constructivist approach to improving student learning activities Class X IIS 5 SMA Negeri 1 Malili, Kab. Luwu Timur. Broadly speaking there are four stages in the PTK, namely (1) the action plan, (2) implementation (3) observation, and (4) reflection. This research was conducted as much as two cycles. Data results showed that the learning Leaning Together with the constructivist approach can enhance students' learning activities Class X IIS 5 SMA Negeri 1 Malili, Kab. Luwu Timur which consists of 6 phases: (1) a preliminary phase by providing apersepsi of matter and learning objectives, (2) phase of presentation of the material with a general presentation of the learning material so that begs the question (to observe and ask), (3) the phase of discussion with directing students to find solutions to problems that have been presented on the basis of LKPD and textbooks (reasoning and collecting data), (4) the percentage of the group phase by providing the opportunity for students to present the results of their discussion (communicate), (5) the award phase to give praise and prizes for students and groups are viable and active during discussions and the percentage of the group to improve the students' enthusiasm for learning, and (6) phase concluded by describing the conclusions of the solution to the problem which is the basis of learning activities. The percentage of student activity increased by 28.20%. The average value of student learning outcomes, namely a percentage 85.24 with mastery learning outcomes increased by 59.52%.
Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Berdasarkan Gender Kelas Xi Mia Sma Negeri 1 Maiwa Melalui Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri (Studi Pada Materi Pokok Kesetimbangan Kimia)
Authors: Hante Imran , Sulfikar Sulfikar , Jusniar Jusniar
Published: January 2024

This study aims to describe and compare critical thinking skills of students based on gender in class XI MIA of SMA Negeri 1 Maiwa. This comparational descriptive study aims to describe and compare critical thinking skills of students based on gender in class XI MIA of SMA Negeri 1 Maiwa were both classes were taught by using inquiry learning model. The instrument used in this study was observation sheet to measure the process of critical thinking skills and measure the product of critical thinking ability from achievement test. The achievement indicators of critical thinking skills in male and female classes by comparison indicators in giving a simple explanation achieved 41% and 46.3%, building up basic skills achieved 51% and 34.83%, organizing the strategy and tactics is achieved 52% and 25.89%, giving further explanation achieved 44% and 55.3%, and concluding achieved 60% and 58.92%. Achievement test values of critical thinking were analyzed using t-test of both classes where tcalculate < ttable, concluded that there was no difference in critical thinking skills of male and female students in class XI MIA SMA Negeri 1 Maiwa through inquiry learning model in the chemical equilibrium subject.
Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa Kelas X3 SMA Negeri 1 Watang Pulu dalam Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah pada Materi Pokok Reaksi Redoks
Authors: Maya Maya , Auliah Army , Alimin Alimin
Published: January 2024

The aim of this deskriptif research is to determine how Student’s Creative Thinking Skill by Using Problem Based Learning to Students of Class X3 SMAN 1 Watang Pulu in Material of Oxidation Reduction Reactions. This research is descriptive research that aims to describe the students ability of creative thinking (fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration) in problem based learning, of redoks reaction as main topic. The research subjects are all students of Class X3 SMAN 1 Watang Pulu that consist of 32 students. The data was collected by observation sheet and giving 7 validated items of learning research test. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistic. The result of analysis showed that the average value of creative thinking ability for fluency is 75,05% (good category), flexibility is 73,44% (good category), originality is 72,66% (good category), and elaboration is 75,78% (good category). The average value of four times meeting is 62,79% (good category). The student activity that good category same with the study result. This research showed that student ability of creative thinking in problem based learning on redoks reaction main topic was classified as good category.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran NHT dengan Pendekatan Ilmiah untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas Belajar Siswa SMA Negeri 2 Pancarijang Kabupaten Sidrap pada Materi Pokok Ikatan Kimia (Research pada Kelas X MIA 3)
Authors: H Fifi Selvianti , Wijaya Muhammad , Sulastry Taty
Published: January 2024

This Research is a classroom action research that aimed to find the right steps in the application of learning model NHT with a scientific approach that can increase the activity of the students. Subject in this research is students class X MIA 3 SMAN 2 Pancarijang consist 30 students. The research conducted two cycles, first cycle and second cycle each run 3x meeting with a 3x hour lesson. The percentage of student at each phase of activity increased from cycle I is 46.19% enough category to 70.35% good category in the second cycle. An increase that occurred on second cycle is affected by improvement cycle I applied in second cycle: 1) Divide student into groups of heterogeneous new one with the same number of student based on the value of learning outcomes in cycle 1, 2) Affirm student the importance of ability to express opinions in public, 3) Go around to see the work of students and reprimand if there were student telling things outside material, 4) Affirm student in order to shorten the answer but it is clear and easy to understand, 5) Asks the student to make a note about discussion result to facilitate them in making conclusion.
Pengaruh LKPD pada Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Pair Checks Terhadap Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Enrekang Kabupaten Enrekang (Studi Pada Materi Pokok Reaksi Reduksi-Oksidasi)
Authors: Salu Diana Londong , Auliah Army , Salempa Pince
Published: January 2024

This experiment was aimed to know the effect of using student wooksheet on the Cooperative Learning Pair Checks Type toward Student Learning Outcomes of Class X in Senior High School 1 Enrekang study on reduction-oksidation reaction. The independent variable in this reseach was student worksheet on the cooperative learning pair checks type, while the dependent variable was student’s learning outcomes. The Population in this reseach was all of student on class X SMAN 1 Enrekang with totaling 308 students which consist of 10 class. While the samples on this reseacrh where chosen by random, the class has been chosen was class X MIA 5 as a control with number of students are 34 people and class X MIA 7 as a experiment class with number of students are 26 people. Retrievel data of learning outcomes was achieved by using the pretest-posttest were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The analysis descriptive statistics showed the average value of student learning outcomes experiment class and control class increased with average value of N-gain 0,609 and 0,509. Based on the analysis of inferentials statistic obtained tcount > ttable then H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. It can be conclused that student worksheet on the Cooperative Learning Pair Checks Type have positive effect toward Student Learning Outcomes of Senior High School 1 Enrekang Class X on reduction-oksidation reaction topic.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif tipe NHT (Number Head Together) untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas X6 MAN 1 Makassar pada Materi Pokok Reaksi Reduksi- Oksidasi
Authors: Al-hapsi Haedar , Maryono Maryono , Alimin Alimin
Published: January 2024

The aim of this Classroom Action Research (CAR) is to recognize the systematically applied of the Cooperative Learning Model based NHT (Number Head Together) to increase the activities and the learning result of students in class X6 MAN 1 Makassar. There are four steps of CAR model such as (1) action planning, (2) implementation (3) observation, and (4) reflection. This research was held as many as two cycles. The data of this research result showed that, the learning with NHT model is able to increase the activities and the learning result of students in class X6 MAN 1 Makassar which is consist of 5 phase such as (1) Numbering phase, informing the aim, giving the perception, and motivating the students request. (2) Questioning phase and showing the information by explaining the available subject matter which is suitable with the learning indicators, (3) Head together phase was performed by providing the LKS and asking the students to answer the question together, (4) Answering phase was held by revealing the head number and asking the students to answer the question in the LKS which is suitable with group discussion result, (5) evaluation phase was held by proposing to the students to conclude the subject matter which was learned.
Penerapan Strategi Pembelajaran Peta Konsep pada Model Cooperative Learning untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas X MIA 2 MAN 1 Makassar
Authors: Ismunandar Ismunandar , Side Sumiati , Herawati Netti
Published: January 2024

This research is a classroom action research (CAR), which aims to improve the results of class X student MIA 2 MAN 1 Makassar through the implement the strategy’s steps of concept map on the model of cooperative learning. This research was conducted in two cycles. Research data shows the strategy's steps of concept maps on cooperative learning model is applied so as to improve the learning outcomes of class X MIA 2 MAN 1 Makassar. The steps are:(1) deliver learning objectives, apperception, and motivate students, (2) students answered questions related apperception and record the learning objectives, (3) the student read the book with chemical bonding material for 15 minutes, (4) teacher explains the material and provide an explanation of chemical bonding concept map learning strategy and appoint students to respond, (5) teachers divide the students into groups of 4-5 people, (6) the teacher asks for a discussion to discover the concepts and to be a concept map, (7) calls each representative group to presentation the results of group discussion and asks for feedback from the other group, (8) provides students with test evaluations at the end of the cycle. (9) Asking the students to conclude the subject matter by pointing directly then reward individuals and groups. The percentage increase in student learning outcomes can be seen from the increasing percentage of completeness class of the first cycle that 74.36% to 87.18% in the second cycle.
PSYCHOLOGY AND LITERATURE: SOME PSYCHOLOGICAL REFLECTIONS ABOUT EVELYNE BY JOYCE
Authors: Tomassoni Rosella , Spilabotte Francesco , Lungu Monica Alina
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study is to conduct a careful psychological investigation into the thought of one of the most important 20th century Irish writers, James Joyce (1882- 1941). The main focus of the analysis consists of some of the short stories contained in one of Joyce�s most famous works, Dubliners, with particular reference to Evelyne and at the same time examining some of the themes present and recurring in the Irish writer�s books. This work aims to demonstrate how in Joyce there is a strong interest in the realisation and psychological analysis of his complex characters present in the work as well as in Evelyne and who will be examined as expressions and fulfilments of his creativity. The study was conducted through the discipline of the Psychology of Art and Literature. Some of the themes and characteristics of the characters in the stories will be presented, in which the individual, with his inner conflicts, emotions, feelings and sensations will come to the fore, with particular attention to the central theme of the work, namely paralysis in which he sees the city and its inhabitants immersed. Paralysis and escape are the central elements of Dubliners. One will understand how the city and the characters are seen by Joyce as the centre of the historical, social and psychological �paralysis� that conditions the lives of its inhabitants and does not allow them to grow as human beings.
LEXICAL FEATURES OF PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION WITH A SPECIAL FOCUS ON THE LANGUAGE OF JOB INTERVIEWS
Authors: Oprit-Maftei Carmen
Published: January 2024

English for Specific Purposes (ESP) can employ a wide variety of teaching approaches and methodologies in order to meet the learners� specific needs. Job interviews simulations have been successfully used for the past few years as an end-course examination of our ESP students. One of the main objectives of this activity is to enhance their professional communication skills, which encompasses a complex skill set, focussing on increasing their self-confidence and self-esteem at the same time. In addition to improving grammar, this activity aligns with the learning objectives and leads to building career-related vocabulary.
The present paper, which is part of a broader project aimed at investigating the language of job interviews from various perspectives, focuses on exploring the lexical features of professional communication in such instances. Like any other specialized language, the language of job interviews is a living organism, which incorporates new words denoting new realities or new meanings acquired by existing words. A closer examination of the lexical features of professional communication, will equip ESP students with the lexical competence they need in order to face the demands of a fast-changing work environment.
STYLISTIC DEVICES IN FASHION ADVERTISEMENTS AS MANIPULATIVE MEANS
Authors: Burikova Svetlana A. , Ivanova Aryuna G. , Kazieva Indiana I. , Smirnova Irina V.
Published: January 2024

The article discusses the complex character of manipulative potential of stylistic devices in English and Italian fashion advertisements. By conducting semantic analysis, it was found out that positive and negative connotations, denotative and connotative meanings have a certain persuasive effect on the audience. Materials consist of 250 fashion advertisements in English and 250 in Italian derived from Vogue, Elle and Cosmopolitan online magazines issued September 2022-January 2023. The work relies on descriptive method to investigate the function of stylistic devices as manipulative means; the quantitative method to draw a parallel between the English and Italian and the comparative method to compare the results in English and Italian. The main conclusion of this research is that studied stylistic devices, positive and negative connotations, denotative and connotative meanings can be considered as techniques of verbal manipulation. The classification and functions of stylistic and semantic techniques in the process of verbal manipulation are presented as the final outcome of this research.
Teoria i socjologia kultury Antoniny Kłoskowskiej
Authors: Bokszański Zbigniew
Published: January 2024

The Author portrays Antonina Kłoskowska as a theorist and sociologist of culture. He writes about her early inspirations and traces her later fascinations: socio-cultural formation of individual character, personality, national character; search for mutual relations — theoretical and empirical — between various dimensions of culture within a global culture and the developed concept of culture as a symbolic and autotelic phenomenon. Drawing from the achievements of international sociology and continuing the Polish sociological tradition Kłoskowska formulated the theoretical and methodological foundations of sociology of culture as an independent field of sociological research.Her studies which laid a foundation for intensive contacts between the sociologists of culture and representatives of other fields of liberal arts formed several generations of students of culture in Poland.
Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Pemetaan Aset PT PLN (Persero) Unit Pelaksana Pelayanan Pelanggan UP3 Manado
Authors: Lumowa Anastasya , Mamahit Dringhuzen J. , Rindengan Yaulie D. Y.
Published: January 2024

Abstract — With the rapid advancement of technology, web-based applications have experienced significant growth and are being utilized in various fields, including real-time online monitoring that can be accessed from anywhere. The purpose of developing the Asset Mapping Information System Application for PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Manado is to facilitate the search and real-time monitoring of assets owned by PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Manado through a web-based platform. This application enables users to easily search, store, add, edit, and delete asset data. The system also provides a map interface for visualizing asset locations along with associated information. The application utilizes XAMPP as the development platform and MySQL as the database system, creating a robust foundation for system development. Through the development of this web-based application, users including management and involved parties will be assisted in obtaining information and monitoring assets owned by PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Manado in an online environment.
Key words— Design and Build; SI Asset Mapping; PLN (Persero) Manado; RAD (Rapid Application Development); SIG
 
Abstrak — Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi, aplikasi yang bergantung pada platform web telah mengalami pertumbuhan yang signifikan dan dapat dimanfaatkan dalam berbagai bidang, termasuk pengawasan secara online dan secara waktu-nyata yang dapat dijangkau dari mana saja. Tujuan pembuatan Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Pemetaan Aset milik PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Manado adalah agar dapat memudahkan dalam pencarian dan pemantauan aset yang dimiliki oleh PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Manado dengan hanya perlu mengakses aplikasi web ini dan dapat juga membantu dengan dapat menyimpan, menambahkan, mengedit, dan menghapus data aset yang ada sehingga itu dapat memudahkan dan bisa dengan gampang memantau lewat peta langsung yang dimana pemetaan telah dibuat dan memiliki titik lokasi pasti dimana aset itu berada dan keterangan apa yang ada pada titik aset tersebut. Aplikasi Pemetaan Aset ini menggabungkan XAMPP sebagai platform pengembangan dan MySQL sebagai sistem basis data, menciptakan landasan kokoh dalam pembuatan sistem ini. Melalui pengembangan aplikasi berbasis web ini, pengguna termasuk manajemen dan pihak-pihak yang terlibat akan lebih terbantu dalam mendapatkan informasi serta memonitor aset-aset milik PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Manado secara daring.
Kata kunci — PLN (Persero) Manado; Rancang Bangun;  RAD (Rapid Application Development);  SIG; SI Pemetaan Aset.
Desain Dashboard Keuangan dan Informasi di GMIM Wilayah Manado Barat Daya
Authors: Pangemanan Teofilus Gratiano Victor , Lumenta Arie S.M. , Rindengan Yaulie D. Y.
Published: January 2024

Di era Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) saat ini yang semakin pesat, manusia disuguhkan dengan kemudahan-kemudahan dalam beraktifitas. Perkembangan Teknologi begitu pesat saat ini telah meluas pada semua kalangan, mulai dari anak-anak sampai pada orang dewasa dan bahkan lanjut usia. Kehadiran TIK dalam era perkembangan informasi saat ini memberikan dampak bagi masyarakat. Proses sentralisasi keuangan dalam lingkup pelayanan Gereja Masehi Injili di Minahasa (GMIM) masih dilakukan secara konvensional. Untuk menjawab permasalahan di atas dan memenuhi kebutuhan pengguna maka dianggap perlu untuk memberikan suatu inovasi berupa merancang sistem informasi keuangan jemaat yang terintegrasi. Rancangan sistem informasi ini berupa website dalam bentuk Dashboard dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman JavaScript dengan framework ReactJS untuk bagian Front-End dan NodeJS untuk bagian Back-End untuk kemudian di integrasikan ke aplikasi keuangan yang ada di setiap jemaat di wilayah Manado Barat Daya (E-JIB) menggunakan API.
PENINGKATAN KINERJA ADMINISTRATIF: Evaluasi Keberhasilan Aplikasi e-SINAR dalam Penataan Manajemen Persuratan BKKBN Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Arifin Utha  , Sartono  , Risqoh Nur Ainun
Published: January 2024

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of implementing the e-sinar application in managing correspondence management at the Representative Office of the National Population and Family Planning Agency for Southeast Sulawesi Province using qualitative descriptive methods. Informants were selected purposively. Data collection techniques through in-depth interviews and documentation. The results showed that the application of the E-Sinar Application in managing correspondence at the Representative Office of the National Population and Family Planning Agency (BKKBN) of Southeast Sulawesi Province as a whole was not fully effective as seen from the fact that there are still factors that hinder the effective application of e-sinar to manage correspondence using the system, but with the application of e-sinar to manage correspondence it becomes easier for employees in terms of performance in the form of the amount of work produced by employees and the time it takes to manage correspondence using e-sinar is much faster, accurate and relevant. Then with the application of e-sinar employees can more easily find archived letters when needed again, this makes employee performance and organizational performance more measurable. The inhibiting factors in running the e-sinar application are work culture factors that are still accustomed to the conventional mail management process and internet facilities and networks.
Broadband NIR luminescence of Cr3+-doped Mg4Nb2O9 phosphors toward LED light source applications for NIR spectrometry
Authors: Nanai Yasushi , Satake Yutaro , Kitazawa Nobuaki
Published: January 2024

Herein, we report the photoluminescence (PL) properties of Cr3+-doped Mg4Nb2O9 phosphors for applications in NIR phosphor-converted LEDs. Trigonal Mg4Nb2O9 crystals with Cr3+ substitution at three sites were synthesized as the main phase using a solid-state reaction. X-ray photoelectron spectrometry and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy indicated that only trivalent chromium ions were present in the samples. Broadband NIR emission of Cr3+ suitable for combination with Si photodetectors was confirmed at approximately 850 nm. The maximum PL quantum yield (PLQY) was 0.62, and concentration quenching explained the Cr concentration dependence of the PLQY and PL decay time. Low-temperature PL measurements suggested that the PL spectrum comprised three distinct emission bands. The results of the phonon line simulation, low-temperature PL excitation measurements, and crystal-field parameter estimation clarified the correlation between these emission bands and the Cr3+ substitution sites.
Crystal growth, luminescence, and scintillation properties of Er-doped La2Hf2O7 single crystal
Authors: Hayashi Naomoto , Yokota Yuui , Horiai Takahiko , Yamanoi Kohei , Yoshino Masao , Yamaji Akihiro , Murakami Rikito , Hanada Takashi , Sato Hiroki , Ohashi Yuji , Kurosawa Shunsuke , Kamada Kei , Sarukura Nobuhiko , Yoshikawa Akira
Published: January 2024

The growth of Er-doped La2Hf2O7 (LHO:Er) single crystals with a high mp of 2413 °C was achieved by the melt-growth method using a tungsten (W) crucible. Polished LHO:Er specimens were obtained from the as-grown crystals. The full width at half maximum of the X-ray Rocking curve on the (222) diffraction peak was 599 arcsec, and the crystals have relatively low crystallinity. The photoluminescence spectra of the polished LHO:Er specimen showed emission peaks originating from the Er3+ ions in both the visible and IR wavelength ranges. It also exhibited scintillation light under X-ray irradiation.
Great enhancement of sensitivity for SARS-CoV-2 detection by integrated graphene FET biosensor using ζ potential modulator
Authors: Yamamoto Kaori , Sato Natsuki , Sakano Kiyoji , Yano Mamiko , Ohnishi Eriko , Ono Takao , Kanai Yasushi , Ushiba Shota , Miyakawa Naruto , Tani Shinsuke , Kimura Masahiko , Watanabe Yohei , Inoue Koichi , Tanaka Hidekazu , Matsumoto Kazuhiko
Published: January 2024

By modulating a ζ potential of graphene FET (G-EFT), the sensitivity of G-FET could be enhanced than that without modulation. Therefore, 1 × 107 FFU ml−1 SARS-CoV-2 was detected using G-FET modified with the ζ potential modulator which is the cation polymer with the positive charge. This method is based on the relationship between the surface charge and the sensitivity, in which the highest sensitivity is obtained when the ζ potential is 0 and/or the surface charge is almost 0. In this study, the microfluidic channel was installed on G-FET to get the precise result because it could wash away the free-floating virus and the physical adsorbed virus. 32 G-FETs including the reference FETs were integrated on the silicon substrate and the precise results were obtained by subtracting the noise terms.
Trench-filling heteroepitaxy of [100]-oriented germanium arrays on (001) silicon substrate
Authors: Maeda Takumi , Kato Kota , Piedra-Lorenzana Jose A. , Hizawa Takeshi , Nakai Tetsuya , Ishikawa Yasuhiko
Published: January 2024

Trench-filling heteroepitaxy of germanium (Ge) on (001) silicon (Si) substrate is studied toward normal-incidence/free-space NIR photodetectors, where micron-thick Ge is prepared with a large surface coverage and in a growth time as short as possible. Arrayed trenches as deep as 1 μm are patterned on (001) Si in the [100] direction, intentionally deviating from the ordinary [110] direction. The molecular flux regime of CVD induces a substantial lateral growth of Ge at the trench sidewalls of the {010} planes, crystallographically identical to the (001) plane at the trench bottom. Despite the Ge thickness of 0.5 μm on an unpatterned surface, the 0.6 μm wide arrayed trenches of 1.0 μm in depth are successfully filled with Ge, although the filling is suppressed when increasing the trench width. The inter-trench Si fin width is also an important parameter concerning not only the surface coverage but also the structural degradation during the growth.
E-LIBRARY PADA SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI KUTA PASIE MENGGUNAKAN SLiMS 9
Authors: Lusiana Erda , Wali Muhammad , Imilda
Published: January 2024

This research aims to discuss the E-library using the SLiMS 9 Bulian Application. In designing the Book Data Application system the author uses one of the Bulian 9 SLiMS Applications. The purpose of this writing is to find out how to use the SLiMS 9 Bulian Application so that it can make it easier to input Book data quickly and accurately. The data collection method required in this writing was obtained through library research and field research while the method used was Extreme Programming (XP). Form the discussion above it can be concluded that by using the SLiMS 9 Bulian Application Program, it can facilitate library managers in the data collection process which includes inputting book data, searching book data and preparing reports.
SISTEM PENUNJANG KEPUTUSAN PENGEMBALIAN DANA TABUNGAN ANGGOTA MUTASI DAN PENSIUN MENGGUNAKAN METODE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHICAL PROCESS (AHP) BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Saputro Jefry , Faizah NM , Riyanto Arif
Published: January 2024

The Jakarta Marine Corps Marine Cooperative Primary (Primkopal Lanmar Jakarta) is a TNI-AL cooperative under the auspices of the Marine Corps which focuses on the savings and loan sector in the South Jakarta City area. The period of work or duty has a period of time, members have savings in the cooperative which must be returned to members when the member has passed away in Jakarta. However, to decide how much members of the cooperative members' savings funds is a big obstacle for this cooperative. So it is necessary to design a Decision Support System (DSS) is a system that can assist someone in making decisions accurately and on target in a more efficient and effective return on cooperative funds. The AHP method in determining eligibility in determining the eligibility of recipients of the Member Savings funds. AHP is used to identify the weight of each criterion taken form the pairwise comparison matrix. The final results in this study are the results of priority returns and savings, which are sorted form those that identify weights and criteria, so that the Primkopal Lanmar Jakarta Cooperative can easily make decisions by looking at these results.
APLIKASI PENDATAAN KADER PADA DPD KOMITE NASIONAL PEMUDA INDONESIA (KNPI) ACEH
Authors: Muammar  , Salam Abdus , Fathurrahmad
Published: January 2024

As a DPD organization the Indonesian National Youth Committee (KNPI) Aceh Province requires an information system to improve performance in this organization. In the member data processing system and cadre identity index in the DPD Indonesian Youth National Committee (KNPI) Aceh Province, all data is stored in spreadsheet worksheets. The process of organizing data between regions and commissariats certainly has a relationship with each other, so that in urgent situations it is possible to have difficulties in organizing member data due to different data formats, different reporting formats, and searching for member information which is difficult because it is still manual, it is necessary an application that can store and organize data so that it is easily accessible by cadres/members. Seeing these problems, the authors want to develop a web-based membership information system that allows users to maintain, renew, maintain alignment of data collection formats, report and find member information easily and quickly. The system development method that the author uses is Rapid Application Development (RAD). In the end, it is hoped that this system will provide convenience in organizing member data effectively and efficiently. The results of the research are the availability of applications that can be used to process data on cadre members in the DPD KNPI Aceh Province and used as an alternative tool for processing data on cadre members in the DPD KNPI Aceh Province.
Perancangan Arsitektur Teknologi Informasi di Dinas KOMINFO Kabupaten Semarang Menggunakan Enterprise Architecture Planning
Authors: Al Fath Muhammad Luthfi , Sitokdana Melkior NN
Published: January 2024

Department of communication and Information Technology (KOMINFO) Semarang requires the design of appropriate information technology architecture in order to perform its function as a government institution that is able to provide excellent service to the community. Therefore, the application of Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP) as an Information Technology Architecture Design methodology was chosen to make it easier to design the right information technology architecture.This study aims to design the architecture of Information Technology in the Department of communication and information Semarang using EAP methodology. The research methodology used in the form of literature studies and direct observation in the field to collect information about infrastructure, applications, and data available at the Semarang district communication and Information Office.The results of this study are several implementation plans that need to be done, such as hardware and software updates,human resources training,Local Government Application Development, Local Government Network Development, E Office and Website Development. Each domain has components that are interrelated and grouped into subdomains, making it easier to manage. The design of this information technology architecture can help the Semarang district communication and Information Office in improving the current information system and improving its performance in providing services to the community.
Analisis Komunikasi Keterbukaan Diri Melalui Akun Kedua Instagram Pada Mahasiswa Ilmu Komunikasi Angkatan 2021 Universitas Mulawarman
Authors: Damayanti Afni Dwi , Sugandi
Published: January 2024

Science students in the 2021 batch of Mulawarman University on the second account of Instagram. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. With a research focus using the theory of self-disclosure (Johari Window) which has four concepts, namely the concepts of open, blind, hidden, and unknown. This research consists of five informants. By using the in-depth interview method, this research uses a sampling technique, namely purposive sampling to determine informants to match the research criteria. Data analysis techniques were carried out by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions developed by Miles and Huberman. The results of this study indicate that every 2021 Communication Science student of Mulawarman University makes Instagram a medium for self-disclosure, especially Instagram's second account, which can maintain all forms of information exchange and good friendships. The largest area found in Communication Science students in the Class of 2021 in using a second account is the Open Self area and there are also several reasons for doing self-disclosure in Communication Science students in the Class of 2021, namely to feel more free to express, feel more comfortable and enjoy, have control over followers who see posts, and avoid negative comments or other people's talk.
Dinamika Implementasi Komunikasi Direktorat Jenderal Bimbingan Masyarakat Islam Kementerian Agama Dalam Pengelolaan Masjid di Kota Kisaran
Authors: Kamalia  , Ritonga Hasnun Jauhari , Yulia Fatma
Published: January 2024

This research aims to determine the dynamics of communication implementation by the Directorate General of Islamic Community Guidance, Ministry of Religion, in the management of mosques in Kisaran City. Based on the Decree of the Director General of Islamic Community Guidance Number DJ.II/802 of 2014 concerning Mosque Management Development Standards This research is qualitative with a descriptive approach. This research data was obtained from two main sources: primary data and secondary data. Primary data comes from a collection of data obtained directly through observations of natural phenomena in the research object. Meanwhile, secondary data is obtained through supporting information obtained indirectly, especially from literature and documents that are relevant to the research context. Data collection in this research used non-participant observation techniques. The data obtained will then be processed and analyzed through a process of reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this research indicate that the implementation of communication by the Directorate General of Islamic Community Guidance (Bimas Islam) of the Ministry of Religion plays a central role in maintaining and enhancing the strategic role of mosques as centers of religious and social activities in Kisaran City. This implementation process involves establishing conceptual understanding, introducing policies, continuous reporting and evaluation, providing incentives, cultural adaptation, and collaboration with various related entities. Effective communication plays a role in overcoming challenges, ensuring sustainable mosque management, and accelerating the achievement of mosque management development standards. This allows the mosque to continue to play a central role as a center for religious and social activities that contribute to the sustainable development of the Muslim community in Kisaran City.
ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻌﻭﻧﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻛﺭﻳﻡ د ارﺴﺔ ﻤوﻀوﻋﻴﺔ
Authors: أ.م.د.ﻨﺸﺄت ﺼﻼح اﻟدﻴن ﺤﺴﻴن
Published: January 2024

اﻟﺤﻤد ﷲ رب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴن وﺒﻪ ﻨﺴﺘﻌﻴن واﻟﺼﻼة واﻟﺴﻼم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺒﻌوث رﺤﻤﺔً ﻟﻠﻌـﺎﻟﻤﻴن ﻨﺒﻴﻨـﺎ

ﻤﺤﻤد (ﺼـﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ وﺴـﻠم) وﻋﻠـﻰ آﻟـﻪ وأﺼـﺤﺎﺒﻪ ﻓـﻲ ﻛـﻝ وﻗـت وﺤـﻴن وﻟﻌﻨـﺔ اﷲ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟظـﺎﻟﻤﻴن

اﻟذﻴن ﻴؤذون اﷲ ورﺴوﻟﻪ ﻤن اﻟﻴﻬود واﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻘﻴن وﻤن ﺴﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﻠﻬـم إﻟـﻰ ﻴـوم اﻟـدﻴن ٬ وأﻋﺎذﻨـﺎ اﷲ

 

ﻤن اﻟﺸرك وأﻫﻠﻪ وﻤن اﻟﺸﻴطﺎن اﻟرﺠﻴم أﻨﻪ ﺴﻤﻴﻊ ﻤﺠﻴب .

وﺒﻌـد ﻓﻬـذا ﺒﺤـث ﺒﻌﻨـوان {اﻟﻤﻠﻌوﻨـون ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻘـرآن اﻟﻛـرﻴم د ارﺴـﺔ ﻤوﻀـوﻋﻴﺔ} ٬ ﺘﻨﺎوﻟـت ﻓﻴـﻪ

ﺒﻴـﺎن ﻤـن ﻟﻌﻨـﻪ اﷲ ﻓـﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺒـﻪ اﻟﻤﺒـﻴن ﻤوﻀـﺤﺎً ﺴـﺒب اﻟﻠﻌﻨـﺔ وﻤﺴﺘﺸـﻬداً ﺒﻤـﺎ ورد ﻓـﻲ آﻴـﺎت اﻟـذﻛر

 

اﻟﻤﺒﻴن .

وﻗد اﻗﺘﻀت طﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﻟﺒﺤث ﺘﻘﺴﻴﻤﻪ إﻟﻰ ﺘﻤﻬﻴد وﺴﺘﺔ ﻓﺼوﻝ .

 

ذﻛرت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴد ﺘﻌرﻴف اﻟﻠﻌﻨﺔ ﻟﻐﺔ واﺼطﻼﺤﺎً .

وﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺼـﻝ اﻷوﻝ ذﻛـرت اﻟﺼـﻨف اﻷوﻝ ﻤـن اﻟﻤﻠﻌـوﻨﻴن وﻫـم أﻗـوام ﻗﺼـﻬم اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻨـﺎ ﻓـﻲ

اﻟﻘــرآن وﺒﻴﻨـت ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺜـﻴن اﻵﻴــﺎت اﻟﺘــﻲ ﻟﻌـن اﷲ ﺒﻬــﺎ ﻗـوم ﻋــﺎد وﻗـوم ﻓرﻋـون ﻤﺴﺘﺸــﻬداً ﺒــﺄﻗواﻝ

 

اﻟﻤﻔﺴرﻴن ﻓﻲ ﺘوﻀﻴﺢ ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻴﻬﺎ .

وﺘﻨﺎوﻟـت ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻔﺼـﻝ اﻟﺜـﺎﻨﻲ اﻟﻤﻠﻌـوﻨﻴن ﻤـن اﻟـذﻴن أوﺘـوا اﻟﻛﺘـﺎب ﻤـن ﻗﺒـﻝ ووﻀـﺤت ﻓـﻲ

اﻟﻔﺼـﻝ اﻟﺜﺎﻟـث اﻵﻴـﺎت اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻟﻌـن اﷲ ﺒﻬـﺎ اﻟﻴﻬـود ﻤوﻀـﺤﺎً أﺴـﺒﺎب اﻟﻠﻌﻨـﺔ . ووﻀـﺤت ﻤـن ﻟﻌﻨـﻪ اﷲ

ﻤـن اﻟﻨـﺎس ﻟﺼـﻔﺎت وأﻓﻌـﺎﻝ ﻓـﻴﻬم وذﻟـك ﻓـﻲ ﻤﺒﺎﺤـث ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴـﺔ واﺴﺘﺸـﻬدت ﺒﻤـﺎ ﺜﺒـت ﺒﺎﻟﺴـﻨﺔ اﻟﻤطﻬـرة

 

ﻷﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺼدر اﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺸرﻴﻊ .
ﺍﻟﻣﻠﻘﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺗﻠﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻭﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺗﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﻧﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺭﺣﻲ
Authors: د .زﻫﻴر ﻛﺎظم اﻟﺸﻤري
Published: January 2024

١ – إﺸﻛﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘوﻴﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ :

اﻻﺨﺘﻼﻓﻴــﺔ اﻟﺼـــﻨﻔﻴﺔ ﺸــﻛﻼً وﻟﻐـــﺔ اﺴــﺘﻨﺎداً إﻟـــﻰ اﻟﺼــﻴﺎﻏﺎت اﻷدﺒﻴـــﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺼـــوص

اﻟﻤﺴـــرﺤﻴﺔ ﺘؤﺴـــس وﻓـــق اﻟط ارﺌـــق اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴدﻴـــﺔ ﻓـــﻲ اﻹﺨـــ ارج ﻟﺸـــﻛﻼﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻌـــرض ٬ ﺤﻴـــث

ﺘﺘﻤظﻬـــر ﺘﻠـــك اﻻﺨﺘﻼﻓﻴـــﺎت ﻓـــﻲ ط ارﺌـــق اﻷداء واﻟﺤرﻛـــﺔ ٕواﻨﺸـــﺎﺌﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸـــﻬد اﻟﻤرﺌـــﻲ ٬

رﻏــم اﻟﻌدﻴــد ﻤــن اﻻﺠﺘﻬــﺎدات واﻟــرؤى اﻟﺘﻔﺴــﻴرﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻐــﺎﻴرة اﻟﺘــﻲ ﻗــد ﺘرﺘﻛــز ﻓــﻲ اﻟﻛﺜﻴــرة

ﻤــــن اﻷﺤﻴــــﺎن ﻋﻠــــﻰ ﻤﺼــــدر أو ﻨــــص ﺒذاﺘــــﻪ ﻓــــﺎﻟﻌروض اﻟﻛﻼﺴــــﻴﻛﻴﺔ ﻟﻬــــﺎ إﺤﺎطــــﺔ

واﺤﺘـــواء ﻟﻤﺎﻫﻴﺘﻬـــﺎ اﻟﺘﻨظﻴرﻴـــﺔ ﺒـــﺎﻟوﺠوب ﻟﻛـــﻲ ﺘﻛـــون ﻫـــﻲ اﻟﻛﻼﺴـــﻴﻛﻴﺔ ﺒـــذاﺘﻬﺎ ﻛﻌـــرض

ﻤﻨظــــور ﻤــــن ﺨــــﻼﻝ أداء ﻤﻤﺜﻠﻴﻬــــﺎ وﺼــــﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺸﺨﺼــــﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ ٕواﻨﺸــــﺎء ﻤﻔرداﺘﻬــــﺎ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺌﻴــــﺔ

واﻟﻌﻼﻗــﺎت ﻓﻴﻤــﺎ ﺒــﻴن ﺘﻠــك اﻟﻤﻔــردات وﻛــذﻟك اﻟروﻤﺎﻨﺴــﻴﺔ واﻟطﺒﻴﻌﻴــﺔ واﻟواﻗﻌﻴــﺔ وﻏﻴرﻫــﺎ

 

ﻤن ﺘﻠك اﻟﺘﻲ ﺴﻤﻴت ﺒﺎﻟﻤذاﻫب اﻟﻤﺴرﺤﻴﺔ .

وﻷن وﻤــــن وﺠﻬــــﺔ ﻨظــــر اﻟﻤﺘﻤــــردﻴن ﻤــــن اﻟﻤﺒــــدﻋﻴن اﻟﻤﺴــــرﺤﻴﻴن ٬ أن ﺘﻠــــك

اﻟﺸــــرطﻴﺎت اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺌﻴــــﺔ اﻟﻨﺼــــﻴﺔ اﻟﺘــــﻲ ﻻ ﺒــــد ﻤــــن اﻨﻌﻛﺎﺴــــﻬﺎ ﻋﻠــــﻰ اﻹﻨﺸــــﺎﺌﻴﺔ اﻟﺸــــﻛﻠﻴﺔ

ﻟﻠﻌــرض ٬ ﻗﻴــداً ﻴﺴــﺠن اﻹﺒــداع اﻟﻔﻨــﻲ ﻓــﻲ زواﻴــﺎ ﻤﻠﺌﻬــﺎ اﻟﻨــور اﻟﻤﻛﺒــوت واﻟ ارﻏــب ﻓــﻲ

إﻀــﺎءة اﻟﻔﻀــﺎءات اﻹﺒداﻋﻴــﺔ اﻟﺘﺠدﻴدﻴــﺔ اﻟﻤﻐــﺎﻴرة ﻟﻤــﺎ ﻫــو ﺴــﺎﺌد ٬ وﺠــب اﺒﺘﻛــﺎر ﻓﻌــﻝ

ﻤــــﺎ ٬ أو ﻓﻛــــر ﻤــــﺎ ٬ أو ط ارﺌــــق أﺨــــرى ﻤﺒﺘﻛــــرة ﻓــــﻲ ﺼــــﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻌــــرض اﻟﻤﺴــــرﺤﻲ ٬
ﺃﻫﻣﻳﺔ ﻛﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺗﻘﻳﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﻠﻣﻳﺫ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻧﻬﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺩﺭﺳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻁﻭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺑﺭﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﺑﻭﻳﺔ
Authors: م. ﺣﻤﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﻛﻄﺐ
Published: January 2024

اﺼـﺒﺤت ﻤﻬﻤـﺔ اﻟﺘرﺒﻴـﺔ واﻟﺘﻌﻠـﻴم ﻓـﻲ ﻋﺼـرﻨﺎ اﻟﺤﺎﻀـر ﻤﻬﻤـﺔ ﻛﺒﻴـرة ٬ ﻓـﻨﺤن ﻨﻌـﻴش

اﻟﻴوم ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻟم ﺠدﻴـد ﻤﺘﻐﻴـر وﻤﺘطـور ﺒﺄﺴـﺘﻤ ارر ﻟـذا اﺼـﺒﺤت اﻟﺘرﺒﻴـﺔ واﻟﺘﻌﻠـﻴم وﺴـط ﻫـذا ﻛﻠـﻪ

اداة ﻫﺎﻤـﺔ ﻤـن ادوات اﻟﺒﻨـﺎء اﻟﺤﻀـﺎري واﻻﺠﺘﻤـﺎﻋﻲ واﻻﻗﺘﺼـﺎدي ﻟﻤـﺎ ﺘﻠﻌﺒـﻪ ﻤـن دور ﻛﺒﻴـر

 

ﻓﻲ اﻋداد اﻟﻘوى اﻟﺒﺸرﻴﺔ اﻟﻤؤﻫﻠﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎدة اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴر .

ان اﻟﺤدﻴث ﻋن اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻴﺸﺘﻤﻝ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻋﻨﺎﺼـر ﺜﻼﺜـﺔ ( اﻟﻤﻌﻠـم ٬ واﻟطﺎﻟـب

 

٬ واﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ ) واﻟﺒﻌض ﻴﻀﻴف اﻟﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺠو اﻟﻤﻛﺎﻨﻲ وﻫذﻩ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼر ﻫﻲ ارﻛﺎن اﻟﺘدرﻴس .

وﻤـن اﻻﻋﺘ ارﻀـﺎت اﻟﻬﺎﻤـﺔ ان اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴـﺔ ﺒﻌﻨﺎﺼـرﻫﺎ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ اﻟﻤﺸـﺎر اﻟﻴﻬـﺎ

اﻋﻼﻩ ﺘﺨﻔﻲ و ارءﻫﺎ اﻟﻛﺜﻴر ﻤن اﻟﻌواﻤﻝ واﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴ ارت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘؤﺜر ﻓـﻲ ﻤﺴـﺘوى ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺘﻬـﺎ وﻨﺘﺎﺠﻬـﺎ

وﻤن اﺠﻝ اﻟوﻗوف او اﻟﺘﻌرف ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟك ﻻﺒد ﻤن د ارﺴﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴم اﻟذي ﻴﺴـﺎﻋد ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺘﺸـﺨﻴص

اﻟﻤﺸـــﻛﻼت اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴـــﺔ وﻴﻌطـــﻲ اﻟـــدﻻﻻت اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴـــﺔ ٬ ﻋﻠـــﻰ ﻀـــوﺌﻬﺎ ﻴﻤﻛـــن ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠـــﺔ ﺘﻠـــك

اﻟﻤﺸـﻛﻼت واﻟﺤﻛـم ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴـﺔ ﻤـن اﻟﻨـواﺤﻲ اﻻﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴـﺔ واﻟﺴـﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻟـذﻟك ﻓـﺄن

د ارﺴـﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻴـﻴم ذات ﺸـﺄن ﻤﻬـم وواﻀـﺢ وﻫـﻲ اﻟﻤﻨطﻠـق اﻟـﻰ ﺘطـوﻴر اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴـﺔ ورﻓـﻊ

ﻤﺴـﺘوى ﻛﻔﺎءﺘﻬـﺎ اﻟﻛﻤﻴـﺔ واﻟﻨوﻋﻴـﺔ وﺒﺎﻟﺘـﺎﻟﻲ ﻴﺠـدر ﺒﻨـﺎ ان ﻨوﺠـﻪ ﻤزﻴـداً ﻤـن اﻻﻫﺘﻤـﺎم ﻟﺘﻘﺼـﻲ

ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﻫذا اﻟﻨظﺎم واﻏ ارﻀﻪ واﺴﻤﻪ واﺴﺎﻟﻴﺒﻪ
ﺯﺋﺑﻘﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻧﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻫﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺗﺎﺝ
Authors: د. ﻋﻠﻲ ﺤﺎﺘم ﺤﺴن
Published: January 2024

ﻻ ﻴﺨﻔـﻰ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻤﺘﺘﺒـﻊ واﻟﺒﺎﺤـث اﻟﻤﺘﺄﻤـﻝ ﺼـﻌوﺒﺔ ﺒـﻝ اﺴـﺘﺤﺎﻟﺔ – ﻓـﻲ اﻻﻗـﻝ ﻓـﻲ

 

اﻟوﻗت اﻟﺤﺎﻀر- اﻻﻤﺴﺎك ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻛن ان ﻨطﻠق ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺘﻌﻘﻴد اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺒـﻝ – واﻗـﻝ ﻤـن ذﻟـك –

 

ﻤﻼﺤﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ واﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎ. وﻻ ﺴـﻴﻤﺎ ان اﻟد ارﺴـﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ اﻟﻘـدﻴم ﻤﻨﻬـﺎ واﻟﺤـدﻴث اﻟﺘـﻲ

 

ﺘﺼـدت اﻟــﻰ ﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌـﺔ ﻫـذﻩ اﻟﻤﺴـﺄﻟﺔ ﻛﺎﻨـت ﻗـد ﺘﺒﺎﻴﻨـت ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻤﻨـﺎﻫﺞ واﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ ﻓـﻲ ان واﺤـد .

 

اﻻﻤـر اﻟـذي دﻓﻌﻨـﺎ اﻟـﻰ ﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌـﺔ ﻫـذا اﻟﻨـوع ﻤـن اﻟد ارﺴـﺎت ﻤـن اﺠـﻝ ان ﻨـﺘﻤﻛن – ﺤﺘـﻰ وان

 

ﻛﺎن اﻻﻤر ﻤﺸوﺒﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﺤذر ﻤرﻩ واﻟﺘﻌﺜر ﻓﻲ اﻟوﺼوﻝ اﻟـﻰ اﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ اﻟواﻀـﺤﺔ ﻤـرة اﺨـرى- ﻤـن

 

ﺘﻘرﻴب ﻤﺎ ﺒﻌد ﻤـن اﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴـد وﻤـﺎ ﻋﺼـﻲ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻻﺤﺘـواء واﻟﺘﻘرﻴـر.ﻟـذﻟك ﻛﺎﻨـت اﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ ﻤﺴـﺘﻤدة

 

ﻤـن ﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌـﺔ ﺘﺤﻠﻴـﻝ اﻟﻨظرﻴـﺎت اﻟﻘدﻴﻤـﺔ واﻟﺤدﻴﺜـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﺎﺒﻌـت ﺤرﻛـﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻨـﻰ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﺴـﺘوﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ

 

اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ وﻻﺴـﻴﻤﺎ ان د ارﺴـﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻨـﻰ ﻛﺎﻨـت وﻻﺘـ ازﻝ ﺘﺸـﻛﻝ اﺸـﻛﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻛﺒـرى ﻓـﻲ ﻛوﻨﻬـﺎ ﻤـﺎدة

 

ﻤﻨزﻟﻘـﺔ ﻻﻴﻤﺴـك ﻟﻬـﺎ طـرف .ﻤـن ﻫﻨـﺎ ﺠـﺎءت اﻻ ارء ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ وﻤﺘﺒﺎﻴﻨـﺔ ﻓـﻲ ان واﺤـد .ﻓﻬﻨـﺎك

 

ﻤن ﺘﺤدث ﻋن اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟظﺎﻫر واﺨر ﺘﺤدث ﻋن اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﺒـﺎطن . وﻟـم ﻴﺘوﻗـف اﻻﻤـر ﻋﻨـد

 

ﻫـذﻩ اﻟﺤـدود ٬ ﺒـﻝ ﺤﺎوﻟـت ﻤﺠﻤوﻋـﺔ ﻤـن اﻟﻨظرﻴـﺎت ان ﺘﻤﺴـك ﺒـﺎﻟﻤﻔردة ﺒوﺼـﻔﻬﺎ اﻟﺤﺎﻀـﻨﺔ

 

اﻻوﻟـﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻨـﻰ ٬ وﻛــﺎن ﻫـذا ﺸـﺎن اﻟد ارﺴـﺎت اﻟﺘﺎرﻴﺨﻴـﺔ ﻟﻤﻔـردات اﻟﻠﻐـﺔ . ﻓـﻲ ﺤـﻴن ﺘﻌﻠﻘـت

 

ﺒﻌض اﻟﻨظرﻴﺎت ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴن اﻟﻠﻔظ اﻟﻤدﻟوﻝ ﻤن اﺠﻝ اﻟوﺼوﻝ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ .

 

واذا ﻛﺎﻨت اﻟﻠﺴﺎﻨﻴﺎت اﻟﺤدﻴﺜﺔ ﺘوﺼف ﺒﺎﻨﻬﺎ ذات ﻨزﻋﺔ ﺘﺠرﻴﺒﻴﺔ ٬ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫـو اﻻﻤـر ﻤـﻊ

 

اﻻﺼـوات اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﺨﻀـﻊ اﻟـﻰ ﻤﺨﺘﺒـ ارت وﺘﺤﻠـﻴﻼت واﻀـﺤﺔ وﻤﺤﺴوﺴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ ان واﺤـد ٬ ﻓـﺎن

 

اﻟﻤﻌﻨـﻰ ﻻﻴﺨﻀـﻊ ﻟﻤﺜـﻝ ﻫـذا اﻟﻨـوع ﻤـن اﻟد ارﺴـﺔ ٬ اذ اﻨـﻪ ﻻﻴﺨﻀـﻊ اﻟـﻰ ﻗـواﻨﻴن اﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴـد وﻟـو

 

ﺒﺸﻛﻝ ﺘﻘرﻴﺒﻲ. وﻗد ﻨﺴﺘطﻴﻊ ان ﻨطﻠق ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﻨـﻰ – ﻓـﻲ ﻀـوء ﻫـذا اﻟﻤﻼﺤﻘـﺔ – اﻨـﻪ ﻴﻤﺜـﻝ

ﺤرﻛﺔ اﻤﺘدادﻴﺔ ﺘﺨﺘرق ﻤﻔﺎﺼﻝ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ
ﻛﺗﺎﺏ ﺇﺣﻳﺎء ﺍﻟﻧﺣﻭ (ﺇﺑﺭﺍﻫﻳﻡ ﻣﺻﻁﻔﻰ ) - د ارﺴﺔ وﺘﺤﻠﻴﻝ وﻨﻘد -
Authors: أ.م. رﺣﻴﻢ ﺟﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺨﺰرﺟﻲ
Published: January 2024

((ﻗـﻝ ﻟوﻛـﺎن اﻟﺒﺤـر ﻤـداداً ﻟﻛﻠﻤـﺎت رﺒـﻲ ﻟﻨﻔـد اﻟﺒﺤـر ﻗﺒـﻝ أن ﺘﻨﻔـذ ﻛﻠﻤـﺎت رﺒـﻲ وﻟـو

ﺠﺌﻨﺎ ﺒﻤﺜﻠﻪ ﻤددا ((.ً اﻟﻛﻬف ١٠٩/

 

وﺼـﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻓﻀـﻝ اﻟﺨﻠـق ﻤﺤﻤـد ﺒـن ﻋﺒـد اﷲ ﺴـﻴد اﻟﻤرﺴـﻠﻴن وﺨـﺎﺘم اﻟﻨﺒﻴـﻴن

وﻋﻠﻰ آﻟﻪ واﺼﺤﺎﺒﻪ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺒﻴن اﻟﻰ ﻴوم اﻟدﻴن.

اﻤﺎ ﺒﻌد ...

 

إ ﱠن ﻤـن اﻫـم اﻟﻤﺸـﺎﻛﻝ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘواﺠـﻪ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤـﻴن واﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻤـﻴن ﻫـﻲ طرﻴﻔـﺔ ﺘﻌﻠـﻴم وﺘﻌﻠـم

اﻟﻨﺤو اﻟﻌرﺒﻲ ٬ ﻟو ﻛﺎﻨت ﻫﻨﺎك ﻤﺸﻛﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨظر ﻤن ﻴرﻴـد ان ﻴﻴﺴـر ﻫـذﻩ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺔ وﻴﺠـددﻫﺎ ٬

ﻟﻛـن ﻓـﻲ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘـﺔ ﻻ ﺘوﺠـد أﻴـﺔ ﻤﺸـﻠﺔ . اﻻ أ ﱠن اﻟﻐـوص ﻓـﻲ ﻨـواﺤﻲ اﻟﺸـذوذ واﻟﺸـوارد اﻟﻠﻐوﻴـﺔ

واﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴد اﻟﻨﺤوي – ﺠﻌﻝ ﻓﻲ ﻫذﻩ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﻌض اﻟﺼـﻌوﺒﺔ وﻻ ﺴـﻴﻤﺎ ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻘواﻋـد اﻟﺒﻌﻴـدة ﻋـن

اﻟﺴﻠﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﻌرﺒﻴﺔ وﻋن ﻤـﺎ اﻋﺘـﺎد ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ اﻟﻌـرب وﻋـن ﻤـﺎ ﺤﻘﻘـﻪ ﺠﻤﻬـور اﻟﻨﺤـﺎة ﻤـن ﻗواﻋـد ﺒﻌﻴـدة

ﻋــن اﻟﺸــواذ ﻤــن اﻟﺸــواﻫد اﻟﻨﺤوﻴــﺔ . وﻤــﺎ اﻓرزﺘــﻪ ﺒﻌــض اﻟﻠﻬﺠــﺎت ﻤــن ﻋﻴــوب اﻴﻀــﺎً . ان

اﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎم ﺒﺘﻠك اﻟﺸواذ ٬ ﺠﻌﻝ اﻟﻨﺤـو اﻟﻌرﺒـﻲ ﻏرﻴﺒـﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻤـﻴن ﻴﺠـدون ﻓﻴـﻪ ﺼـﻌوﺒﺔ ﻤـن

 

ﺤﻴث ﺘﻘﺒﻠﻪ وﺘطﺒﻴﻘﻪ ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻛﻼم اﻟﻔﺼﻴﺢ واﻟﻤﺸﺘرك ﺒﻴن ﻋﻤوم اﻟﻤﺘﻛﻠﻤﻴن ﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌرب .

وﻤﻤـﺎ ﻻ ﺸـك ﻓﻴـﻪ أن اﻟﻘـرآن اﻟﻛـرﻴم ﻫـو اﻟﻠﺒـﺎب اﻟﻤﺼـﻔﻰ ﻟﻠﻌرﺒﻴـﺔ ٬ ﻷﻨـﻪ ﻨـزﻝ ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻐـﺔ

اﻟﻤﺸـﺘرﻛﺔ ﻟـدى ﺠﻤﻴـﻊ اﻟﻘﺒﺎﺌـﻝ اﻟﻌرﺒﻴـﺔ ﻓﺠـﺎء ﻓﺼـﻴﺤﺎً ﻤﻌرﺒـﺎً ﺒﻔﻬﻤـﻪ اﻟـداﻨﻲ واﻟﻘﺎﺼـﻲ ﺤﺎوﻴـﺎً

ﺠﻤﻴــﻊ اﻻﺴــﺎﻟﻴب اﻟﻠﻐوﻴــﺔ واﻟﻨﺤوﻴــﺔ اﻻ ﻤﺎﻨــدر ٬ ﻓﺒــذﻟك ﻴﻌــد اﻟﻤﻌــﻴن اﻻوﻓــﻰ ﻟد ارﺴــﺔ اﻟﻠﻐــﺔ

واﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤد ﻓﻲ ﺘﻘﻌﻴد اﻟﻨﺤو وﺘطﺒﻴق اﻟﺘﻤﺎرﻴن اﻟﻨﺤوﻴﺔ واﻟﻠﻐوﻴﺔ ٬ ﻓﻤن اﻻﺠدر ان ﻨﺘﺨـذ ﺘﻌـﺎﺒﻴرﻩ