bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Link between Atmospheric Pressure and Fertility of Drosophila Laboratory Strains
Authors: Adonyeva Natalya V. , Menshanov Petr N. , Gruntenko Nataly
Published: October 2021

Standardization of conditions under which insects are kept is of great importance when studying their physiology and researchers do their best to maintain it. Nevertheless, sometimes an obvious side effect of some unaccounted factor affecting insects’ reproduction can be revealed even under thoroughly controlled laboratory conditions. We faced such a phenomenon when studying the fertility level in two wild type Drosophila melanogaster strains. For fertility analysis, 50 newly emerged females and 50 males of each strain under study were transferred to fresh medium daily within 10 days. We found out that fertility of both strains was stable on days 2–10 after the oviposition onset in one experiment, while in another one it was significantly decreased during days 5–10. When compared to publicly available meteorological data, these changes in the fertility level demonstrated a strong association with one weather factor: barometric pressure. Thus, we conclude that changes in atmospheric pressure can be considered a factor affecting insects reproduction and discuss a possible mechanism of their influence on fertility.
Dose-Dependent Blood-Feeding Activity and Ovarian Alterations to PM2.5 in Aedes aegypti
Authors: Phanitchat Thipruethai , Ampawong Sumate , Yawootti Artit , Denpetkul Thammanitchpol , Wadmanee Napid , Sompornrattanaphan Mongkhon , Sivakorn Chaisith
Published: October 2021

High levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution are a concern for human health. Several studies have examined the effects of air pollution on human and animal health. However, there is a lack of knowledge about its effects on arbovirus vectors. Thus, we investigated whether PM2.5 concentration alters the blood-feeding activity of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. We investigated the effect on the females’ propensity to blood feed at eight concentrations of PM2.5 ranging from 100 to 1000 μg/m3. Correlation analysis showed blood-feeding activity had a significant strong negative correlation with concentration of PM2.5 (rp = −0.85; p ≤ 0.00001). Exploratory linear and non-linear models showed an exponential decay relationship was the best fitting model (corrected Akaike’s information criterion, 193.0; Akaike’s weight, 0.766; adjusted R2, 0.780). Ultrastructural study demonstrated PM2.5 did not obstruct the respiratory system, but some fine particles were present on the antenna and abdominal body parts. Ovaries showed a dose–response relationship between PM2.5 level and vacuolated degeneration. In conclusion, the blood-feeding behavior of Ae. aegypti females may have an exponential decay relationship with PM2.5 level, and their ovaries may demonstrate dose-dependent degeneration. These findings may be important in understanding the vector’s biology and disease transmission in settings with high PM2.5 levels. These results are important to understand blood-feeding and feeding pattern of mosquitoes during PM2.5 pollution, which is important for disease transmission and vector control.
Expansion of CRISPR Targeting Sites Using an Integrated Gene-Editing System in Apis mellifera
Authors: Liang Liqiang , Li Zhenghanqing , Li Qiufang , Wang Xiuxiu , Su Songkun , Nie Hongyi
Published: October 2021

CRISPR/Cas9, a predominant gene-editing tool, has been utilised to dissect the gene function in Apis mellifera. However, only the genomic region containing NGG PAM could be recognised and edited in A. mellifera, seriously hampering the application of CRISPR technology in honeybees. In this study, we carried out the bioinformatics analysis for genome-wide targeting sites of NGG, TTN, and NNGRRT to determine the potential expansion of the SpCas9, SaCas9, Cpf1, and it was found that the targetable spectrum of the CRISPR editing system could be markedly extended via the integrated gene manipulation system. Meanwhile, the single guide RNA (sgRNA)/crRNA of different novel gene editing systems and the corresponding CRISPR proteins were co-injected into honeybee embryos, and their feasibility was tested in A. mellifera. The sequencing data revealed that both SaCas9 and Cpf1 are capable of mediating mutation in A. mellifera, albeit with relatively lower mutagenesis rates for Cpf1 and unstable editing for SaCas9. To our knowledge, our results provide the first demonstration that SaCas9 and Cpf1 can function to induce genome sequence alternation, which extended the editing scope to the targets with TTN and NNGRRT and enabled CRISPR-based genome research in a broader range in A. mellifera.
Impact of Online Consumer Reviews on Amazon Books Sales: Empirical Evidence from India
Authors: Kaur Kulwinder , Singh Tejinderpal
Published: October 2021

This study aims to assess the effect of online reviews on online book sales performance in the Indian context. A sales rank was used as a proxy measure for sales. The total sample size was 2028 books from the ‘bestseller’ and ‘recent’ book categories on Amazon.in. Cross-sectional analysis and difference-in-difference analysis approaches were adopted for data analysis. The results revealed that online reviews shared by the Indian consumers impact books sales, as the consumers prefer to analyze the books on the basis of available online reviews before making their purchase decision. Overall, the results indicated that reviews had a positive impact on the sales in both book categories.
Effect of Carbon Content on Microstructure, Properties and Texture of Ultra-Thin Hot Rolled Strip Produced by Endless Roll Technology
Authors: Tian Peng , Zhu Guoming , Kang Yonglin
Published: October 2021

In order to make a comprehensive comparison between ultra-thin hot rolled low carbon steel (LC) and extra low carbon steel (ELC) produced by endless roll technology and explain the differences, a detailed investigation into the microstructural characterization, characteristics of cementite and precipitates, mechanical properties, internal friction peaks, texture characterization by an X-ray powder diffractometer and electron backscatter diffraction, and formability including earing behavior, hole expanding ratio and V-shaped bending properties was carried out with different carbon content for 1.0 mm thickness ultra-thin hot rolled strip produced in endless strip production line. The experimental results indicate that the microstructure of both is composed of multi-layer areas with different grain sizes and thicknesses, the strength and elongation of LC are higher than that of ELC, but the content of solid solution carbon atoms and r of ELC are higher than that of LC, at the same time, the formability of ultra-thin strip ELC is better than that of LC mainly related to the content of {hkl} <110> and {111} <112> of ELC was higher than those of LC. The mechanical and formability properties of ultra-thin hot rolled strip by endless roll technology can meet the requirements of replacement cold rolled strip by hot rolled strip.
Research on Adaptive Control of Air-Borne Bolting Rigs Based on Genetic Algorithm Optimization
Authors: Liu Qingyun , Zha Yiwen , Liu Tao , Lu Chao
Published: October 2021

Rotation speed and propulsive force are the two critical parameters in the work of the air-borne bolting rig. To address the problem that unreasonable rotation speed and propulsive force will induce the breakage of the drill pipe and the inability of the drill bit to cut coal adequately this paper proposes an adaptive control strategy for the air-borne bolting rig based on genetic algorithm optimization. Firstly, we obtain the corresponding coal hardness by the real-time acquisition of the working torque of the drill pipe. Then we calculate the reasonable rotation speed of the hydraulic motor and the propulsive force of the hydraulic cylinder on the coal of different hardness. Secondly, the genetic algorithm is applied to optimize the parameters of the PID (proportion integration differentiation) controller so that the system may attain the target value fast and reliably and achieve adaptive control. Finally, a simulation model of the slewing system and the propulsion system of the air-borne bolting rig are established in the AMESim hydraulic software, and the simulation tests were carried out under two distinct working conditions: single coal hardness and coal hardness of sudden change. The results indicate that the PID control strategy based on genetic algorithm optimization has a shorter response time, a smaller overshoot, and a lower steady-state error than the traditional PID control strategy.
Research on Drilling Rate Optimization of a UCS Identification System While Drilling for Coal Mine Roadway Roofs
Authors: Yu Guangdong , Hu Qian , Feng Xuewen , Meng Guoying , Nie Yifan
Published: October 2021

In this paper, to identify the roof unconfined compressive strength (UCS) in the process of coal mine roadway support in real-time and optimize the real-time drilling speed while drilling, this paper proposes and establishes a drilling test method for assessing the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of a roof. This method can be used to optimize the speed of drilling. Moreover, a mathematical model of the power output is developed for a roof-strata identification system with a drilling test system. The results were as follows: (1) the system was able to identify the uniaxial compressive strength of roof rock; (2) the pressure of the drill leg of the pneumatic bolt did not match the output power of the pneumatic motor, the pneumatic motor could not reach the maximum power point, and the insufficient thrust of the pneumatic leg led to failure of the maximum output power of the pneumatic motor; (3) to increase the output power of the air motor and thus improve the drilling speed, we applied a booster valve for the system. The experimental results show that the power of the air motor has a linear relationship with drilling speed. In this way, the speed of the drill can be increased by increasing the motor power.
Application of Networking Approaches to Assess the Chemical Diversity, Biogeography, and Pharmaceutical Potential of Verongiida Natural Products
Authors: Lever James , Brkljača Robert , Rix Colin , Urban Sylvia
Published: October 2021

This study provides a review of all isolated natural products (NPs) reported for sponges within the order Verongiida (1960 to May 2020) and includes a comprehensive compilation of their geographic and physico-chemical parameters. Physico-chemical parameters were used in this study to infer pharmacokinetic properties as well as the potential pharmaceutical potential of NPs from this order of marine sponge. In addition, a network analysis for the NPs produced by the Verongiida sponges was applied to systematically explore the chemical space relationships between taxonomy, secondary metabolite and drug score variables, allowing for the identification of differences and correlations within a dataset. The use of scaffold networks as well as bipartite relationship networks provided a platform to explore chemical diversity as well as the use of chemical similarity networks to link pharmacokinetic properties with structural similarity. This study paves the way for future applications of network analysis procedures in the field of natural products for any order or family.
Fabrication of Polyelectrolyte Membranes of Pectin Graft-Copolymers with PVA and Their Composites with Phosphomolybdic Acid for Drug Delivery, Toxic Metal Ion Removal, and Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Vijitha Raagala , Reddy Nagella Sivagangi , Nagaraja Kasula , Vani Tiruchuru J. Sudha , Hanafiah Marlia M. , Venkateswarlu Katta , Lakkaboyana Sivarama Krishna , Rao Kummari S. V. Krishna , Rao Kummara Madhususdana
Published: October 2021

In this study, a simple method for the fabrication of highly diffusive, adsorptive and conductive eco-friendly polyelectrolyte membranes (PEMs) with sulfonate functionalized pectin and poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) was established. The graft-copolymers were synthesized by employing the use of potassium persulfate as a free radical initiator from pectin (PC), a carbohydrate polymer with 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulphonic acid (AMPS) and sodium 4-vinylbenzene sulphonate (SVBS). The PEMs were fabricated from the blends of pectin graft-copolymers (PC-g-AMPS and PC-g-SVBS) and PVA by using a solution casting method, followed by chemical crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. The composite PEMs were fabricated by mixing phosphomolybdic acid with the aforementioned blends. The PEMs were successfully characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDAX studies. They were assessed for the controlled release of an anti-cancer drug (5-fluorouracil) and the removal of toxic metal ions (Cu2+) from aqueous media. Furthermore, the composite PEMs were evaluated for fuel cell application. The 5-fluorouracil release capacity of the PEMs was found to be 93% and 99.1% at 300 min in a phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7.4). The highest Cu2+ removal was observed at 206.7 and 190.1 mg/g. The phosphomolybdic acid-embedded PEMs showed superior methanol permeability, i.e., 6.83 × 10−5, and 5.94 × 10−5, compared to the pristine PEMs. Furthermore, the same trend was observed for the proton conductivities, i.e., 13.77 × 10−3, and 18.6 × 10−3 S/cm at 30 °C.
Modulation of Plasma and Milk Sphingolipids in Dairy Cows Fed High-Starch Diets
Authors: Rico Jorge Eduardo , Sandri Eveline C. , Sarmiento Andrea Celemín , Lévesque Janie , Kenéz Ákos , Rico Daniel E.
Published: October 2021

Bovine milk is a significant source of sphingolipids, dietary compounds that can exert anti-inflammatory actions, and which can modulate the host’s microbiome. Because sphingolipid synthesis can be modified by diet, we hypothesized that dietary conditions which reduced FFA availability may result in reduced sphingolipid synthesis. Twelve ruminally cannulated cows (120 ± 52 DIM; 35.5 ± 8.9 kg of milk/d; mean ± SD) were randomly assigned to treatment in a crossover design with 21-d periods. Treatments were (1) High starch (HS), (2) Control. The HS diet contained 29% starch, 24% NDF, and 2.8% fatty acids (FA), whereas the Control diet contained 20% starch, 31% NDF, and 2.3% FA. Plasma and milk samples were obtained on d 21 of each period and sphingolipids were quantified using targeted metabolomics. Univariate and multivariate analyses of generalized log-transformed and Pareto-scaled data included ANOVA (fixed effects of treatment) and discriminant analysis. The lipidomics analysis detected 71 sphingolipids across plasma and milk fat, including sphinganines (n = 3), dihydro-ceramides (n = 8), ceramides (Cer; n = 15), sphingomyelins (SM; n = 17), and glycosylated ceramides (n = 28). Followed by Cer, SM were the most abundant sphingolipids detected in milk and plasma, with a preponderance of 16:0-, 23:0-, and 24:0-carbon sidechains. Although no effects of HS diets were observed on plasma sphingolipids, we detected consistent reductions in the concentrations of several milk Cer (e.g., 22:0- and 24:0-Cer) and SM (17:0- and 23:0-SM) in response to HS. Discriminant analysis revealed distinct metabolite separation of HS and Control groups, with several Cer and SM being distinctively predictive of dietary treatment. We conclude that HS diets can reduce the secretion of milk Cer and SM, even in the absence of changes in circulating sphingolipids.
A Hybrid Structure of Piezoelectric Fibers and Soft Materials as a Smart Floatable Open-Water Wave Energy Converter
Authors: Baghbani Kordmahale Sina , Do Jitae , Chang Kuang-An , Kameoka Jun
Published: October 2021

An open-water wave energy converter (OWEC) made of a new soft platform has been developed by combining piezoelectric macro-fiber composites (MFCs) and a low-cost elastomer. In the past decades, numerous types of water wave energy conversion platform have been developed and investigated, from buoys to overtopping devices. These harvesters mainly use electromagnetic-based generators, and they have faced challenges such as their enormous size, high deployment and maintenance costs, and negative effects on the environment. These problems hinder their practicality and competitiveness. In this paper, a soft open-water wave energy converter is introduced which integrates piezoelectric MFCs and bubble wrap into an elastomer sheet. The performance of the OWEC was investigated in a wave flume as a floatable structure. The maximum 29.7 µW energy harvested from the small OWEC represents a promising energy conversion performance at low frequencies (<2 Hz). The elastomer was able to protect the MFCs and internal electrical connections without any degradation during the experiment. In addition, the OWEC is a foldable structure, which can reduce the deployment costs in real-world applications. The combination of no maintenance, low fabrication cost, low deployment cost, and moderate energy harvesting capability may advance the OWEC platform to its real-world applications.
Investigation of Integrated Reactive Multilayer Systems for Bonding in Microsystem Technology
Authors: Bourim El-Mostafa , Kang Il-Suk , Kim Hee Yeoun
Published: October 2021

For the integration of a reactive multilayer system (iRMS) with a high exothermic reaction enthalpy as a heat source on silicon wafers for low-temperature bonding in the 3D integration and packaging of microsystems, two main conflicting issues should be overcome: heat accumulation arising from the layer interface pre-intermixing, which causes spontaneous self-ignition during the deposition of the system layers, and conductive heat loss through the substrate, which leads to reaction propagation quenching. In this work, using electron beam evaporation, we investigated the growth of a high exothermic metallic Pd/Al reactive multilayer system (RMS) on different Si-wafer substrates with different thermal conduction, specifically a bare Si-wafer, a RuOx or PdOx layer buffering Si-wafer, and a SiO2-coated Si-wafer. With the exception of the bare silicon wafer, the RMS grown on all other coated wafers underwent systematic spontaneous self-ignition surging during the deposition process once it reached a thickness of around 1 μm. This issue was surmounted by investigating a solution based on tuning the output energy by stacking alternating sections of metallic reactive multilayer Pd/Al and Ni/Al systems that have a high and medium enthalpy of exothermic reactions, respectively. This heterostructure with a bilayer thickness of 100 nm was successfully grown on a SiO2-coated Si-wafer to a total thickness of 3 μm without any spontaneous upsurge of self-ignition; it could be electrically ignited at room temperature, enabling a self-sustained propagating exothermic reaction along the reactive patterned track without undergoing quenching. The results of this study will promote the growth of reactive multilayer systems by electron beam evaporation processing and their potential integration as local heat sources on Si-wafer substrates for bonding applications in microelectronics and microsystems technology.
Experimental Study on Failure Mechanical Properties of Two Kinds of Seafloor Massive Sulfides
Authors: Dai Huan , Li Yan , Li Mengdan
Published: October 2021

Remarkable hydrostatic pressures have a significant effect on the failure mechanical properties of seafloor minerals, which also affects the selection and development of mining excavation tools. In this paper, a Brazilian splitting test and triaxial compression test were adopted to investigate the strength and deformation behavior of two kinds of seafloor massive sulfides (SMS) samples at a small-scale size. Based on the mineralogical characterization of the studied samples, the mechanical properties were preliminarily correlated with their internal structures and mineral compositions. Results indicate that there is a significant difference in the triaxial compression deformation properties between the two kinds of SMS samples and the geotechnical data are controlled by mineral type and composition, including porosity. In general, the triaxial compression process of the two kinds of samples included initial compaction, elastic stage, yield stage, failure stage and residual stage, and shows strain softening characteristics after the peak. With the increase in confining pressure, the strain-softening behavior of the white sample is mitigated and gradually changes into strain-hardening. The peak strength and peak strain of the two samples increased linearly with the increase in confining pressure within the confining pressure range of these tests, and the failure pattern of the specimens also changed from a typical brittle failure to a ductile failure. The results of this study provide data to support further understanding of different kinds of SMS, and are of great significance in the design of efficient SMS exploitation equipment.
Volatilome and Essential Oil of Ulomoides dermestoides: A Broad-Spectrum Medical Insect
Authors: Cázares-Samaniego Paulina J. , Castillo Claudia G. , Ramos-López Miguel A. , González-Chávez Marco M.
Published: October 2021

Ulomoides dermestoides are used as a broad-spectrum medical insect in the alternative treatment of various diseases. Preliminary volatilome studies carried out to date have shown, as the main components, methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, ethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, 1-tridecene, 1-pentadecene, and limonene. This work focused on the production of metabolites and their metabolic variations in U. dermestoides under stress conditions to provide additional valuable information to help better understand the broad-spectrum medical uses. To this end, VOCs were characterized by HS-SPME with PEG and CAR/PDMS fibers, and the first reported insect essential oils were obtained. In HS-SMPE, we found 17 terpenes, six quinones, five alkenes, and four aromatic compounds; in the essential oils, 53 terpenes, 54 carboxylic acids and derivatives, three alkynes, 12 alkenes (1-Pentadecene, EOT1: 77.6% and EOT2: 57.9%), 28 alkanes, nine alkyl disulfides, three aromatic compounds, 19 alcohols, three quinones, and 12 aldehydes were identified. Between both study approaches, a total of 171 secondary metabolites were identified with no previous report for U. dermestoides. A considerable number of the identified metabolites showed previous studies of the activity of pharmacological interest. Therefore, considering the wide variety of activities reported for these metabolites, this work allows a broader vision of the therapeutic potential of U. dermestoides in traditional medicine.
Betel Nut Chewing Decreased Calcaneus Ultrasound T-Score in a Large Taiwanese Population Follow-Up Study
Authors: Lu Ying-Hsuan , Geng Jiun-Hung , Wu Da-Wei , Chen Szu-Chia , Hung Chih-Hsing , Kuo Chao-Hung
Published: October 2021

Chewing betel nut is common in Taiwan. Although previous studies have shown that chewing betel nuts is associated with adverse health effects, findings about the impact on bone density have been inconsistent. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between betel nut chewing and calcaneus ultrasound T-score in a longitudinal study of 118,856 participants from the Taiwan Biobank. Of these participants, 27,002 were followed up with for a median of 4 years. The T-score of the calcaneus was measured in the non-dominant foot using ultrasound. Multivariable analysis showed that a history of chewing betel nut (coefficient β = −0.232; p < 0.001) was significantly associated with low baseline T-score in all participants (n = 118,856). In addition, a long duration of betel nut chewing (per 1 year; coefficient β = −0.003; p = 0.022) was significantly associated with a low baseline T-score in the participants with a history of chewing betel nut (n = 7210). Further, a long duration of betel nut chewing (per 1 year; coefficient β = −0.004; p = 0.039) was significantly associated with a low ΔT-score in the participants with a history of chewing betel nut (n = 1778) after 4 years of follow-up. In conclusion, our results showed that betel nut chewing was associated with a decrease in calcaneus ultrasound T-score, and thus, it is important to stop chewing betel nut to help prevent an increased risk of osteoporosis in the Taiwanese population.
Non-Conjugated-Industrially-Produced-Trans Fatty in Lebanese Foods: The Case of Elaidic and Linolelaidic Acids
Authors: Hoteit Maha , Zoghbi Edwina , Rady Alissar , Shankiti Iman , Ibrahim Carla , Al-Jawaldeh Ayoub
Published: October 2021

To determine Industrially-Produced Trans fatty acids (IP-TFAs) distribution of Lebanese traditional foods, especially regarding Elaidic acid (EA; 9t18:1) and Linolelaidic acid (LEA; 9t12t18:2), a mapping exercise was enrolled between January 2019 and April 2021 in which 145 food samples of three categories (traditional dishes, Arabic sweets, and market food products) were analyzed using Gas chromatography methods. Results showed that about 93% of the products tested in Lebanon, between 2019 and 2021, met the World Health Organization recommendations, while about 7% exceeded the limit. The mean level of the IP-TFAs Elaidic and Linolelaidic acid in most Traditional dishes (0.9%), Arabic sweets (0.6%), butter and margarine (1.6%), and market foods (0.52%) were relatively low compared with other countries. Despite that, the relative impact of IP-TFAs on heart diseases mortality in Lebanon is limited but unambiguously still substantial. The persistence of food products with high IP-TFAs levels threatens the health of Lebanese people. Fortunately, this problem is fairly easy to solve in Lebanon via proper legislation.
Pregnancy Is Enough to Provoke Deleterious Effects in Descendants of Fructose-Fed Mothers and Their Fetuses
Authors: Fauste Elena , Panadero María I. , Donis Cristina , Otero Paola , Bocos Carlos
Published: October 2021

The role of fructose in the global obesity and metabolic syndrome epidemic is widely recognized. However, its consumption is allowed during pregnancy. We have previously demonstrated that maternal fructose intake in rats induces detrimental effects in fetuses. However, these effects only appeared in adult descendants after a re-exposure to fructose. Pregnancy is a physiological state that leads to profound changes in metabolism and hormone response. Therefore, we wanted to establish if pregnancy in the progeny of fructose-fed mothers was also able to provoke an unhealthy situation. Pregnant rats from fructose-fed mothers (10% w/v) subjected (FF) or not (FC) to a fructose supplementation were studied and compared to pregnant control rats (CC). An OGTT was performed on the 20th day of gestation, and they were sacrificed on the 21st day. Plasma and tissues from mothers and fetuses were analyzed. Although FF mothers showed higher AUC insulin values after OGTT in comparison to FC and CC rats, ISI was lower and leptinemia was higher in FC and FF rats than in the CC group. Accordingly, lipid accretion was observed both in liver and placenta in the FC and FF groups. Interestingly, fetuses from FC and FF mothers also showed the same profile observed in their mothers on lipid accumulation, leptinemia, and ISI. Moreover, hepatic lipid peroxidation was even more augmented in fetuses from FC dams than those of FF mothers. Maternal fructose intake produces in female progeny changes that alter their own pregnancy, leading to deleterious effects in their fetuses.
The Personal Food Systems of Pre-Season NCAA Division 1 High-Contact, Low-Contact, and Non-Contact College Athletes
Authors: Peluso Jennifer , Madzima Takudzwa A. , Christopher Shefali , Nepocatych Svetlana
Published: October 2021

Previous research indicates that dietary habits may differ between athletes of different sports. In this cross-sectional study, we hypothesize meal frequency, food choices, and food preferences will significantly differ between contact types. The participants were athletes (n = 92; men: n = 57, body fat percent (BF%): 14.8 ± 8.4%, body mass index (BMI): 25.5 ± 5.5 kg·m−2; women: n = 36, BF%: 26.7 ± 7.3%, BMI: 22.3 ± 2.7 kg·m−2) from high-contact (HCS), low-contact (LCS), and non-contact (NCS) sports. Meal frequency, food preference, and food choice questionnaires assessed factors influencing dietary habits. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured lean body mass, fat mass, and body fat. A GLM multivariate analysis was used with significance accepted at p < 0.05. Significant body composition differences were observed between genders (p < 0.001) and among sports (p < 0.001). Dinner (83.7%), lunch (67.4%), and breakfast (55.4%) were the most frequently eaten meals, followed by evening snack (17.8%), afternoon snack (15.2%), and morning snack (8.7%). Greater preferences for starches were observed for HCS (p = 0.04; η2 = 0.07) and for a greater preference for vegetables was found for NCS (p = 0.02; η2 = 0.09). Significant differences also existed in the importance of health (p = 0.04; η2 = 0.07), weight control (p = 0.05; η2 = 0.11), natural content (p = 0.04; η2 = 0.07), and price (p = 0.04; η2 = 0.07). These results support our hypothesis that food choices and food preferences differ between contact types. This may help sports dieticians create more individualized nutrition programs.
Кримінально-правова характеристика геноциду: світова практика встановлення чисельності жертв
Authors: Герасименко М. , Ховпун О.
Published: October 2021

Розкриваючи питання кримінально-правової характеристики злочину геноциду української нації у 1932–1933 рр., автор досліджує світову практику встановлення чисельності жертв особливо тяжкого злочину. Цінність даного наукового дослідження полягає в тому, що міжнародний досвід надає можливість криміналістам, слідчим, експертам, історикам та дослідникам використовувати методологію, методи та спеціальні методики у ході проведення судових експертиз, історико-правових досліджень та під час встановлення чисельності жертв від злочину геноциду, вчиненого комуністичним тоталітарним режимом. 

Крім того, проаналізовано висновок судової науково-демографічної експертизи Інституту демографії та соціальних досліджень імені М. В. Птухи НАН України від 30 листопада 2009 р
Predictors of Depression and Well-being in Caregivers of Young Children with Developmental Delays in Vietnam
Authors: Duc Son Nguyen , Shin Jin Y. , Groves Karleigh , Chaiken Martha , Leonard Amanda
Published: October 2021

The present study examined the impact of social support and other variables on depression experienced by the caregivers of young children with developmental delays in Vietnam. We conducted a survey of 109 caregivers of children with developmental delays who were enrolled in kindergarten programs in Hanoi, Vietnam. The survey included questionnaires on the availability of informal and professional support, perceived social support, and depression. The results suggest that the more the caregivers felt that they received support, the less depression they experienced. However, the amount of informal or professional support was not significantly related to depression. The more maladaptive behaviors their children manifested, the more depressed the caregivers were. The findings suggest that there is a need for services and supports that not only help caregivers to be effective parents but also address feelings of distress that stem from parenting children with disabilities.
Editorial
Authors: Barriga Vargas Rodrigo
Published: October 2021

Tengo el agrado de presentar el número 163 de la Revista Geográfica del Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia (IPGH), en un año especialmente importante, dado que confluyen nuestro 80° aniversario desde la primera edición de la Revista en 1941 y, por otra parte, se termina un ciclo en la gestión científica del Instituto, con la 22ª Asamblea General y Reuniones de Consulta de las Comisiones, lo que conlleva un proceso de revisión de lo obrado y definiciones de lo que se abordará en el futuro de mediano y largo plazo, especialmente en temas de la proyección de la geografía panamericana, como un medio de desarrollo humano con una visión territorial.
TIC aplicadas a la educación en el Grado de Pedagogía y Educación Primaria. Realidad Aumentada.
Authors: Llorente Cejudo María del Carmen , Barroso Osuna Julio Manuel , Palacios Rodríguez Antonio de Padua , Martín Párraga Lorena
Published: October 2021

Esta colección supone un total de 26 píldoras formativas, a modo de objetos de aprendizaje, fundamentadas en los contenidos que componen la materia de Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación Aplicadas a la educación y Tecnología Educativa de los Grados de Educación Primaria y de Pedagogía de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Sevilla.
La colección es una producción audiovisual con carácter didáctico, y estará compuesta por 26 videos cortos a modo de objeto de aprendizaje, de no más de 4 minutos de duración como máximo cada uno. Los videos se incorporarán en la plataforma de enseñanza telemática Blackboard en los diferentes temas que el alumno irá abordando a lo largo de la asignatura, y el objetivo fundamental que se persigue es:

- Profundizar, reforzar y ejemplificar los contenidos de aprendizaje que los alumnos han trabajado a lo largo de los diferentes bloques temáticos de la asignatura.
- Diseñar y producir un material multimedia online y offline que le permita a los alumnos reforzar los contenidos trabajados en la asignatura.
- Hacer accesible contenido relevante para la docencia que no puede estar presente en el aula de otra manera.
Reverse-Inclusion Continuing Education Program at College Aimed at Students with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Program Implementation
Authors: Pierce Jonathan , Rubenzer Kaelin N. , Shetron Tamara H.
Published: October 2021

Many post-secondary education programs foster self-sufficiency, intellectual growth, and employment skills for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). However, these programs do not usually introduce adults with IDD to the broad range of academic subjects that their neurotypical peers take in college. Thus, we developed a reverse-inclusion, continuing-education program at University of Texas at Austin aimed at adults with IDD. Students with and without IDD take courses together on campus in science, liberal arts, and self-sufficiency skills. We describe how we designed and implemented our program which serves >200 students annually. This can inform the development of similar programs in other locations.
ROLE OF EDUCATION IN DEVELOPING NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS
Authors: Karyeva A. K.
Published: October 2021

The article examines the development of the national identity of the Kyrgyz people at the beginning of the twentieth century and the influence of the educational movement on its development. The socio-political situation in Kyrgyzstan at the beginning of the twentieth century was closely related to the historical situation throughout the territory of Turkestan and the colonial policy of tsarist Russia. In the context of the Kyrgyz national identity, there are ideas such as free thinking, love of freedom, involvement in the development of the civilization of the era. The growth of national consciousness manifested itself during the revolutionary movement of 1905-1907, especially during the general uprising of 1916. Kyrgyz enlighteners were active participants, leaders and ideological inspirers of the uprising.
THE "ONE WINDOW" PRINCIPLE AS A KEY ADVANTAGE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INVESTMENT AND CONSTRUCTION PROJECT IN A SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE
Authors: Iskandarov D. Z. , Borozdina S. M.
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the developing of an investment and construction project (IСP) in a special economic zone (SEZ) at the pre-project and project stages for obtaining executive permits documents (EPD), considering the principle of "one window". The author analyzes the benefits and preferences, that can reduce the costs of constructing a construction object in the SEZ. Studied the regulatory legal acts governing the activities of subjects in the developing of ICP in the SEZ. Carried out a theoretical analysis of implementation the ICP inside and out of sez and given a characteristic both options of implementation the construction object. Have been analyzed functional responsibilities of participants in the process of implementing the construction project. Was developed the authors model of implementing the ICP in SEZ, considering the specification of obtaining the EPD and a principle of " one window", that exists in SEZ, also was formed and developed the authors methodology for calculating the time of pre-project and project stages of developing the ICP in SEZ.
Impacts of terminal molecules on metal-atom diffusion into alkane self-assembled-monolayer films: first-principles study
Authors: Watanabe Shunta , Nakayama Takashi
Published: October 2021

The effects of terminal molecules on metal-atom diffusion into alkane self-assembled-monolayer (SAM) films were studied using first-principles calculations. It was shown that the diffusion of Al and Au atoms easily occurs when the alkane molecules have a CH3 termination, while the diffusion is suppressed by COOK terminal molecules for Au atom and by COOH and COOK molecules for Al atom. This is in good agreement with experiments. We showed that such suppression is caused by the orbital-hybridization-induced interaction between a metal atom and terminal molecules: the ionic bonding between negatively charged Au and surrounding positively charged K atoms, and the covalent-like bonding between Al and neighboring O atoms. We also showed that, once the metal atoms form films on the SAM surface, the metal atoms bond to each other and stabilize, thus also suppressing the diffusion into the SAM substrate.
The Need for the Existence of Ideology in the State and the Impossibility of the Right to Exist Without Ideology
Authors: Borodin V. V. , Furman F. P. , Furman T. G.
Published: October 2021

The article considers the problematic of the issue of the expediency of recognizing the ideological function in the general system of functions of the modern state, with the justification of its social and social necessity and legal role. The objectivity and importance of rethinking the state-centrist approach to understanding the ideological function and perception of the state-centric paradigm, based on the recognition of a person as the highest social value, was separately emphasized. The most complete, comprehensive knowledge of state and legal phenomena and processes at any historical stage of the existence of human society, of course, requires careful research and deep understanding of the main functions of the state. It is the functions of the state that make it possible to identify the essence of state influence on social relations, its qualitative characteristics, and also to determine the main directions and prospects for development. These processes are also facilitated by the transition from a state-centrist ideology to a person-centered one, according to which the state must “serve” the interests of citizens (that is, act for the “good of man”).
Social Interactions within Participative Models of Distributed Networking: Updating Concepts in the Context of Digital Transformation
Authors: Pokrovskaia N. N. , Smetanina T. V. , Shelonaev S. I.
Published: October 2021

Sociological analysis of up-to-date social practices, communication and interaction forms among community members, local and virtual groups is based on a number of methodological approaches that need to be reconceived today in connection with the digital transformations of social processes and structures. Socio-managerial approaches used in the era of traditional and modern society (modernity) do not cover the total social reality and do not reply to the tasks and social practices of the post-modern information society (“meta-modernity”). In these conditions, the rethinking is required for the implementation of the basic concepts such as democratic instruments of state regulation, once rejected by Plato and Aristotle and then again proposed at a new round of social development by K. Popper. The concept of participation, which returned to sociological, socio-anthropological and socio-economic discourse in the middle of the twentieth century, needs to be developed in the era of total digitalization, additionally accelerated by measures of social isolation in connection with the pandemic (the transition to remote work, the expansion of online services, etc.). The article attempts to present new aspects of the concept of participation in relation to understanding the models of distributed networks of economic relations (sharing) and, in general, to digital forms of social communications in society.
Some Aspects of the Procedural Situation of Minors Left Without Parental Care in Civil Proceedings
Authors: Karpeeva E. V.
Published: October 2021

The presented study addresses the problems of protecting the rights and interests of minors, including children left without parental care. The author analyzes the provisions of the current family and civil procedural legislation and identifies several problems in the legal regulation of the participation of minors in the consideration of cases affecting their interests. The author notes that a formal approach to the enforcement of the right of minors to be heard in court is unacceptable, justifies the need for further development of the concept of “conflict of interests” between custodians (guardians), custody and guardianship authorities on the one hand and minors on the other. The necessity of continuous professional legal support for a minor (representation on behalf of a minor) throughout the entire proceedings on the case is justified.
The Main Directions of Optimization of Criminal Liability in the Field of Protection of Internal Affairs Officers
Authors: Kiryushkina E. I.
Published: October 2021

The article deals with the most complex and important issues in demand in practice, related to the improvement of the design of art. art. 317-319 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. It is stated that the current legislation in the considered sphere of the public relations needs further improvement. Author's suggestions for improvement of the existing penal legislation are made.
68 Landmarks are Efficient for 3D Face Alignment: What about More? 3D Face Alignment Method Applied to Face Recognition
Authors: Jabberi Marwa , Wali Ali , Chaudhuri Bidyut Baran , Alimi Adel
Published: October 2021

Presentation of 3D Face Alignment method with application to Face Recognition
SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF DETERMINING THE LOCATION OF AN UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE IN THE COORDINATE COUNTING MODE USING A TECHNICAL VISION SYSTEM
Authors: Смирнов Д.А. , Бондарев В.Г. , Тепловодский А.В. , Николенко А.В.
Published: October 2021

Представлено обоснование использования оптико-электронной системы в качестве навигационно-измерительного комплекса. Проведен краткий анализ существующих систем навигации, применимых для беспилотного летательного аппарата, и предложен алгоритм обеспечения системы видеонаблюдения в режиме счисления координат с помощью системы технического зрения. Задачу счисления координат БЛА с использованием видеопоследовательностей изображений земной поверхности можно решить с высокой точностью с помощью бинокулярной СТЗ. Однако в случае выхода из строя одной из камер определение координат местоположения будет продолжаться с достаточной точностью для решения поставленной задачи. А недостаток измерительных средств обеспечивается за счет использования 6 особых точек земной поверхности. Поэтому предложен алгоритм определения местоположения с помощью монокулярной системы технического зрения. Для решения задачи определения местоположения выделяются и определяются координаты особых точек на изображении поверхности. Для нахождения особых точек была выполнена обработка оцифрованного изображения методом FAST-9. Так как изображение получается цветным, то процедура нахождения особых точек является надежным путем применения метода FAST-9 для двух или даже трех цветовых компонент. Данная процедура позволяет достигнуть высокой точности определения счисляемых координат БЛА. Для решения задач счисления координат предпочтительно использование методов простых итераций, Брауна или Ньютона

We present the rationale for the use of an optoelectronic system as a navigation-measuring complex. We carried out a brief analysis of existing navigation systems applicable to an unmanned aerial vehicle and propose an algorithm for providing a video surveillance system in the reckoning mode using a vision system. The problem of reckoning UAV coordinates using video sequences of images of the earth's surface can be solved with high accuracy using a binocular TVS. However, in case of failure of one of the cameras, the determination of the coordinates of the location will continue with sufficient accuracy to solve the task. And the lack of measuring instruments is ensured through the use of 6 special points of the earth's surface. Therefore, we propose an algorithm for determining the location using a monocular vision system. To solve the problem of determining the location, we selected and determined the coordinates of the singular points on the surface image. To find the special points, we processed the digitized image using the FAST-9 method. Since the image is obtained in color, the procedure for finding special points is reliable by applying the FAST-9 method for two or even three color components. This procedure allows you to achieve high accuracy in determining the reckoning coordinates of the UAV. To solve problems of reckoning coordinates, it is preferable to use the methods of simple iterations, Brown or Newton