bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Power System Planning by Simulation
Authors: Wang Ying , Sun Li Ying , Pan Ming Jiu , Shao Yue
Published: July 2014

The objective of power system planning is to meet the requirements of the customers of the power supply bureau in a region. In addition, a good system planning is helpful to the construction, operation and power supply of a power system. Using a simulation tool is much more convenient than relying on experience or the pure analysis in theory for power system planning. In this paper a method of system planning by simulation is discussed through a certain case. Based on the results of experiments, it is shown that this is an efficient way to make a power system plan.
Research and Simulation of Reasonable Distribution of Energy Saving Design Model in Rural Residential
Authors: Wang Ying Quan
Published: July 2014

In today's society, resources and energy are short. In order to promote our country to build a conservation-oriented society and to achieve sustainable development in the construction industry, the demand for modern residential energy conservation is also growing. Studying and designing of energy-efficient rural residential are one of the key work of energy-saving building. In this paper, the design of residential land use planning, building envelope, outside doors and windows, roof and interior supporting facilities are described for equitable distribution of energy-saving design in rural residential, so as to achieve the design of energy-saving rural residential purposes.
Research on Adaptability Evaluation Contents and Indexes for Large Power Grid Construction
Authors: Chen Yan Wei , Liu Lian Guang
Published: July 2014

With the deepening of the electricity market reform and the development of community economy, as well as the increasing of grid scale, researching and establishing the adaptability evaluation theory and method of power grid construction not only is a realistic demand, but also has great influence on improving the evaluation theory system of power grid planning. In this paper, the adaptability evaluation content for large power grid construction consists of the adaptability of the national economy, the energy structure adaptability, grid structure adaptability and the adaptability of technology development. The paper also discusses the constructing theory and practice basis of the evaluation contents, in addition, the evaluation indexes of adaptability are presented in the paper.
Research on Electricity Load of Three Industries and Residents’ Life
Authors: Ren Zhi Chao , Cao Kai Jiang
Published: July 2014

In recent years, strategic adjustment of economic structure is as the main direction of accelerating transformation of economic development mode in Sichuan province of China. Electricity load characteristics and its development trend could reflect industries’ structure of Sichuan province. The ways of typical day selection and load curve calculation are discussed. Electricity load of typical trades of three industries and residents’ life is analyzed, whose load curves of everyday as well as the four seasons are obtained. As a result, relationship between electricity load structure and industrial structure is get.
Research on the Effect of the Integration of Renewable Energy Resources on Economical Operation of Power Grid Based on System Dynamics
Authors: Xue Wan Lei , Jia Shan Jie , Zeng Ming , Lu Kuan , Zhao Xin , Duan Kai Yan , Xu Nan
Published: July 2014

The integration of renewable energy resources (RERs) not only shows significant environmental effect, social effect and economic effect, but also brings many challenges to grid planning and economic operation of power grid. Based on systematic dynamics, from the perspective of changes of cost and benefit of grid enterprises caused by the integration of RERs, the effect of the integration of RERs on economical operation of power grid is studied. Finally, a simulation of effect trend based on empirical data of one province demonstrates the validity of the model proposed in this paper.
Research on Thermal Power Industrial Security Issues Based on Sustainable Energy Development
Authors: Li Chun Yan
Published: July 2014

China is faced with significant challenges in the energy sector such as energy shortage, environmental pollution, greenhouse gas emission, and energy supply in rural areas, which severely restrict its sustainable development. In this paper, the current status and trends of thermal power industrial security issues based on sustainable energy development in China are elaborated. The strategies of sustainable energy in China are brought forward accordingly, such as efficient thermal power industry, green thermal power industry. The corresponding implementations of sustainable energy development in China are expounded as well. In the end, this paper concludes that China must set a step-by-step unified national energy plan to promote the construction of a sustainable energy system, which will be economically, environmentally, and socially viable, and, thus, China would play an important role to promote global sustainable development.
Review of Quick Search for Transmission Section
Authors: Xie Yan , Tang Xiao Jun , Ren Jian Wen , Tian Chun Zheng , Yu Lin Lin , Huang Jing Hui
Published: July 2014

This paper introduces the current research status of quick search for transmission section. Firstly, the definition of transmission section is introduced. Secondly, search algorithm for transmission section is presented. Thirdly, the safety protection measures that can prevent cascading failure are introduced. Finally, outlook on quick search for transmission section is proposed.
Short-Term Load Forecasting Based on GA-Elman Model
Authors: You Wen Xia , Chang Jun Xiao , Zhou Zi Heng , Lu Ji
Published: July 2014

Elman Neural Network is a typical neural-network which shares the characteristics of multiple-layer and dynamic recurrent, and it’s more suitable than BP Neural Network when it’s applied to forecast the short-term load with periodicity and similarity. To solve the problem that Elman Neural Network lacks learning efficiency, GA-Elman model is established by optimizing the weights and thresholds using Genetic Algorithm. An example is then given to prove the effectiveness of GA-Elman model, using the load data of a certain region. Relative error and MSE have been considered as criterions to analyze the results of load forecasting. By comparing the results calculated by BP, Elman and GA-Elman model, the effectiveness of GA-Elman model is verified, which will improve the accuracy of short-term load forecasting.
Study on Cooperative Games in Electric Vehicle Charging Market on Account of Shapley Distribution Model
Authors: Yang Shuang , Yang Min
Published: July 2014

This thesis applies the thought of cooperative game and studies on the best mode of cooperation and benefit distribution in the charging market in supply chain. Firstly by researching the relationship between the unit cost and the number of charging pile construction, the thesis concludes that grid, gas station and car park three party will participate at the same time. Then, with the data of Beijing charging market, it makes specific accounting of five unions of profit model, and finds out the best program in which the three-party union could be established. Finally, it uses classic Shapley method, getting the distribution models of enterprise union.
Study on Effects of Solar Generation on Power Grid
Authors: Long Zhao Zhi , Lu Fei
Published: July 2014

The climate change and the shortage of energy have made the solar energy as the priority renewable energy in many countries, and solar energy is under the fast development. Since the solar energy has the intrinsic intermittence and fluctuation, its integration into the power grid will lead to the power fluctuations. The paper proposes a method of deploying the photovoltaic generation which is the main solar generation technology in China to meet the load demand in order to reduce the storage investment. The analysis shows that there is a strong correlation between daytime solar generation fluctuations and grid load fluctuations, and it is able to use solar plant instead of some peek-load regulating generator units. Therefore, solar generation technology also has great potential of integration ability even without the use of energy storage, and the purpose of solar generation is to increase the share of solar electriciy at the lowest unit cost rather than to guarantee 100% utilization factor.
Study on the Framework of Fission Product Source Term for Nuclear Power Plants
Authors: Liu Xin Hua , Fang Lan , Zhu Zhao Wen
Published: July 2014

The problems occurring in the fission product source term calculations for M310/CPR1000, EPR and AP1000 are briefly analyzed, based on the related regulations and standards, as well as operational feedback, review experiences and recent research achievements for nuclear power plants in China. The framework of fission product source term proper to China has been first studied and proposed in perspective of the purpose of source terms. The calculation processes of fission product source term are rearranged and the requirements for deferent reactor types are specified. The proposed framework can be taken as a foundation for solution of the long-standing problems in the calculation of fission product source term and provide reference for source term calculation.
The Applications of Series Compensation Device in 10kv Voltage Level
Authors: Qin Li Jun , Li Jia Di
Published: July 2014

This paper analyzes the voltage quality problems on transmission line of 10kv distribution network, and then introduces a series compensation device, which is based on fast switching and can effectively solve the above problem. Furthermore, this paper calculates the voltage under a actual situation, which fits the expected results.
The Optimal Energy Storage Capacity Configuration of Photovoltaic Generation under Changing Meteorological Conditions
Authors: Zhao Bei , Wu Ming Yang , Zhong Jian Liang , Bao Hai
Published: July 2014

In the paper, energy storage system and charge and discharge control strategy for large-scale photovoltaic generation are designed. The optimal energy storage capacity is configurated for PV array. The energy storage system and control module for PV generation are built in MATLAB-Simulink platform. Supercapacitor (SC) is the energy storage element. Considering the insolation and temperature under the changing meteorological conditions, the output power would be fluctuant. By controlling MOSFET switches based on power signal, SC will charge when the lighting is adequate and discharge in the instance of lack of light to keep DC bus voltage in constant. Configuring the optimal energy storage capacity by simulation, the result proves that the control strategy is feasible and the configuration is optimal.
Transmission Network Planning Scheme Considering N-2 Security under the Market Environment
Authors: Yang Shen Quan , Hu Xing Wang , Zheng Zhi Jie , Wu Kui Hua , Wang Yi Qun
Published: July 2014

Traditional Transmission Network Planning scheme only considers N and N-1 security , with little regard for safety of N-2 system. This paper introduces the relaxation factor establishing Transmission Network Planning model, and further considers the N-2 secure of double-circuit transmission line on the basis of relaxation on the N-1 constraints. A hierarchical genetic algorithm (HGA) Model is proposed to solve the model.The final Transmission Network Planning scheme meets the reliability requirements under uncertain environment and has the minimum overall cost.A simulation model to simulate the impact of construction of the same tower line on the investment and security of transmission network planning is builded.
Transmission Section Search for Vulnerable Line Based on Power Transfer Distribution Factor
Authors: Wei Jun Jiao , Ren Jian Wen
Published: July 2014

For the purpose of considering characteristics of transmission line in the round, with utilization of related knowledge in complex network, Integrative Electrical Betweenness has been put forward. The proposed index, on one hand, over comes shortcoming of assuming power only transmit along the shortest path existed in previous indexes. On the other hand, ability of transferring power when other lines removal is considered. In order to further facility to grid security control, a novel method is proposed to search key transmission section of vulnerable line. The algorithm only needs simple calculation, there is no large-scale computation. The proposed algorithm has been tested on New England IEEE 39-bus system to validate its efficacy.
Explore on High-Rise Residential Appearance and Integration of Solar Flat Plate Collector Design in Panzhihua City
Authors: Zhang Qian , Bian Chun Lin
Published: July 2014

Firstly, this paper briefly introduces Panzhihua City’s location, climatic conditions and hours of sunshine. Secondly, it proposes alternative solution of integrating the heat collector with high-rise residential building’s facades. Thirdly, several equations on heat collector’s area, row distance, and azimuth are explained and discussed.
Study on Dust Hazard in Coal Mine and its Countermeasures
Authors: Wang Shi Bin , Chen Ri Hui , Meng Xiang Yun
Published: July 2014

With the development of modern coal mining equipment, high-yield, high efficiency, high-speed mining technology was achieved, but also a sharp increase in the amount of dust generated in the mine at the same time, it damage workers health and bring insecurity to mine production. This paper has summarized the existing domestic and international prevention and control technology of dusts, elaborated mineral dust prevention and control work from the dust control, dust generation and dust diffusion three major aspects, and noted that the current technology trends.
Experimental Study on Factors Affecting the Generation of Ferrous Sulfide
Authors: Xiu Li Qun , Liu Shuai , Yuan Wei Dong , Mu Chao , Xu Di
Published: July 2014

Now steam stimulation gradually become one of the major thermal recovery methods, and hydrogen sulfide appears in the well casing. With the increase of the thermal recovery time and the application of SAGD technology, the number of wells containing hydrogen sulfide increased, and concentration of hydrogen sulfide are also rising,Producing corrosion products - ferrous sulfide. Ferrous sulfide has pyrophoric. When ferrous sulfide in contact with oxygen in the air can cause spontaneous combustion at room temperature. In order to avoid the occurrence of spontaneous combustion of ferrous sulfide we had an in-depth study of the spontaneous combustion of ferrous sulfide. Through laboratory tests we found the following points. At room temperature,sulfurization reaction of H2S gas and iron oxides occurs more easily in a dry environment. Temperature, H2S humidity, various iron oxides,have important effects on the generation of iron sulfide.
Shale Reservoirs Multi-Fracture Fracturing Technique and Studies on Reservoirs Stresses
Authors: Zhang Guang Ming , Liu Jian Dong , Xiong Chun Ming , Shen Lu He , Jin Juan
Published: July 2014

Theoretical studies have shown that the generation of the hydraulic fractures reduces or even reverses the stress anisotropy near the fractures and results in increasing the complexity of fractures. A finite element model was established in which the pore pressure elements were used to simulate the behavior of porous media and the pore pressure cohesive elements were adopted to catch the characters of hydraulic fractures. A special fracturing manner was adopted to create complicated fracture networks by reducing or even reversing the stress anisotropy between fractures. The geometries of hydraulic fractures, strains, stresses, pore pressure distributions and fluid pressures within the fractures are obtained. The results of the model are fit well with the corresponding theoretical data. The simulation results show that the stress anisotropy is reduced by the generation of the hydraulic fractures, multiple parallel transverse fractures of horizontal well even reverse the stress anisotropy in some place of the reservoir. The simulation results validate the feasibility of the theoretical studies and the expected complex network fractures could be created by adopting special fracturing manner.
FEC-LiTFSI-Pyr1ATFSI Ionic Liquid Electrolyte to Improve Low Temperature Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Xiao Xue , Wang Zhen Feng , Li Cui Hua , Liu Jian Hong , Zhang Qian Ling
Published: July 2014

N-methyl-N-allylpyrrolidinium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (PYR1ATFSI) with substantial supercooling behavior is synthesized to develop low temperature electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries. Additive fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) in LiTFSI/PYR1ATFSI/EC/PC/EMC is found that it can reduce the freezing point. LiFePO4/Li coin cells with the FEC-PYR1ATFSI electrolyte exhibit good capacity retention, reversible cycling behavior at low temperatures. The good performance can be attributed to the decrease in the freezing point and the polarization of the composite electrolyte.
A Numerical Study of Wet Steam Condensation over a Corrugated Plate Separator
Authors: Liu Xiao Yi , Tian Rui Feng , Gao Yan Xin , Sun Lan Xin , Yan Chang Qi
Published: July 2014

To provide steam of appropriate quality and to improve the efficiency of steam-water separation over corrugated plates, it is necessary to study the condensation behavior of wet steam moving over a corrugated plate separator. In this paper, classical nucleation theory and a droplet growth model are used to describe the process of wet steam condensation on corrugated plates. The CFX software water droplet condensation model was employed to simulate the process and to allow analysis of the characteristics of wet steam condensation. The results show that: (1) the nucleation rate increases gradually over time and exhibits a positive correlation with the temperature of the wet steam, (2) departure from the saturated state decreases gradually along the flow direction, leading to a concurrent decrease in the steam condensation rate and (3) the steam condensation rate is elevated with increases in the local pressure gradient.
A Study on Exhaust Muffler Using Counter-Phase Counteract
Authors: Shao Ying Li
Published: July 2014

The exhaust noise, which falls into low-frequency noise, is the dominant noise source of a diesel engines and tractors. The traditional exhaust silencers, which are normally constructed by combination of expansion chamber, and perforated pipe or perforated board, are with high exhaust resistance, but poor noise reduction especially for the low-frequency band noise. For this reason, a new theory of exhaust muffler of diesel engine based on counter-phase counteracts has been proposed. The mathematical model and the corresponding experimental validation for the new exhaust muffler based on this theory were performed.
Analysis of Transient Thermal Stress of IGBT Module Based on Electrical-Thermal-Mechanical Coupling Model
Authors: Zheng Qing Yuan , Chen Min You , Gao Bing , Jiang Nan
Published: July 2014

Reliability of IGBT power module is one of the biggest concerns regarding wind power system, which generates the non-uniform distribution of temperature and thermal stress. The effects of non-uniform distribution will cause failure of IGBT module. Therefore, analysis of thermal mechanical stress distribution is crucially important for investigation of IGBT failure mechanism. This paper uses FEM method to establish an electrical-thermal mechanical coupling model of IGBT power module. Firstly, thermal stress distribution of solder layer is studied under power cycling. Then, the effects of initial failure of solder layer on the characteristic of IGBT module is investigated. Experimental results indicate that the strain energy density and inelastic strain are higher which will reduce reliability and lifetime of power modules.
Analysis of Viscoelastic Fluid Flow over a Suddenly Moved Flat Plat
Authors: Liu Xiao Yan , Li Zhi Ping , Fu Li Bing , Wang Li Xiang , Pang Yong Xia
Published: July 2014

The velocity field and the associated tangential tension corresponding to the flow of the viscoelastic fluid over an infinite rigid plate are determined in this paper. The characteristic of the non-Newtonian viscoelastic fluid flow is analyzed using the Stehfest method of the numerical inversion of Laplace transform. It indicates that the flow of the viscoelastic fluid is very sensitive to the material constants. Finally, some comparative diagrams concerning the velocity and tangential tension profiles are presented.
Effects of Geometry Parameters on Mechanical Expanding of Large Diameter Welding Pipe
Authors: Fan Li Feng , Gao Ying , Yan Jia Xin , Yun Jian Bin
Published: July 2014

Mechanical expanding is widely used in production of large diameter submerged-arc welding pipes. To improve welded pipe quality, it is necessary to investigated effects of geometry parameters on mechanical expanding forming process. So, effects of geometry parameters on mechanical expanding is obtained using finite element method..
Taking the expanding of X80 steel Φ1219mm×22mm×12000mm welding pipe for instance, the mechanical expanding forming process is simulated by finite element (FE) code ABAQUS. In this paper, the simulation data is validated by experiments and a comparison showed a good agreement with experiments results. The effects of geometry parameters on mechanical expanding are discussed. Thus, the result of research provides a basis to improve welded pipe quality.
Research on Hydraulic Turbine Cavitation Based on Cordon
Authors: Zhuoma Qiong Da
Published: July 2014

Since the first hydraulic mechanical erosion discovered in the later stage of 19thcentury, researchers from both abroad and home have devoted a large amount of time and energy, ranging from fluid dynamics of multiphase systems and dynamics of materials to design of impeller, processing craft and material application with multi-subject research.
Simulation Study on Effects of Ignition Time on Particle Emission for GDI Engine
Authors: Wei Chuan Fang , Dong Wei , Yu Xiu Min , Sun Ping , He Ling
Published: July 2014

In this paper, the AVL-Fire software was used to research the effects of ignition timing on homogeneous combustion and particle emission in a GDI engine. The result shows that the highest temperature and pressure reduce with the delay of ignition timing under the homogeneous charge mode in which gasoline is injected in the intake process. But the soot mass fraction decrease first and increase subsequently.
Stress Analysis and Measures Resistance to Deformation of Coal Pipeline above Goaf
Authors: Guo Ke Yi
Published: July 2014

Based on one company’s engineering of constructing underground coal pipeline above goaf, calculation analysis the influence of residual subsidence deformation and stress distribution of the coal pipeline engineering. The mining subsidence make the underground coal pipeline bearing not only the earth pressure of upper, lower and lateral, but also the result of the subsidence deformation include of vertical and horizontal in-plane bending moment. Based on this, put forward the anti-deformation technical measures to build new coal pipeline and provide scientific basis for anti-deformation design.
Stress Intensity Factors for High Aspect Ratio Semi-Elliptical External Surface Cracks in Cylindrical Vessels
Authors: Qi Hong Yu , Guo Peng Chao
Published: July 2014

External surface cracks can occur in cylindrical vessels due to damage and propagate in the manufacturing process and during service life. Most of research focuses on stress intensity factors for surface cracks with low aspect ratios, i.e., a/c ≤1.0. Situation may well arise where the aspect ratio of cracks is larger than one. An external longitudinal surface crack is assumed to be subjected to different types of hoop stress distributions acting perpendicular to the crack faces. The stress intensity factors (SIFs) along the crack front were determined through the three-dimensional finite element method. Then these results are used to compute approximate values of SIFs in the case of complex loadings by employing both the superposition principle and the power series expansions of the actual hoop stresses. It is found that the maximum stress intensity factor for external surface cracks with high aspect ratio occurs at different point to that with low aspect ratio.
Structure Dynamic Response Analysis of Pipe String under the Action of Perforating Detonation Wave
Authors: Sun Xiang , Yang Zong Zhi , Liu Yun Gang , Zhang Mai Quan , Zhu Yuan Fei
Published: July 2014

Impact load of perforation will result in strong vibration of downhole string, string operated such as bending fracture accidents. Considering the clearance between string and casing, using space beam and spring element to solve the nonlinear contact problems between oil jacket, established the numerical model of string structure dynamic response analysis in horizontal well. Extracting downhole perforation pressure wave monitoring data, using the finite element software ANSYS, analyzed the dynamic response of the tubing under perforation of detonation shock wave impact, got the displacement of the tubing、acceleration time history. The results show that, without packer, the maximum Mises equivalent stress in the end of the string, the deformation and stress changes in deflecting section of the tubing string are bigger than in vertical Wells.
Study on Milling Deformation of Ruled Surface Blade
Authors: Li Mao Yue , Yu Hai Bin , Fu Yun Zhong
Published: July 2014

Integral impeller is the key component in aviation, aerospace and other fields, and the deformation has an important effect to the machining quality and precision of the integral impeller. Because of the complexity of the geometry and surface curvature changes for the integral impeller, and the semi suspended state during the processing, force analysis and control technology for the deformation have become the key and difficulty to realize high quality processing. In this paper, the situation about the blade machining with the finite element analysis is introduced, and the factors about the blade machining deformation is also summarized. The deformation of a single cutter location point are computed and analyzed with finite element method, and the application problems to the machining deformation with the finite element are presented.
Test and Analysis on Assembly Deformation of Diesel Engine Cylinder Liner
Authors: Wu Bo , Wang Zeng Quan , Liu Chang Zhen , Yao Liang Yu
Published: July 2014

The measurement of deformation of one diesel engine water cooling cylinder liner under free condition and assembly load case is carried out by V-INCOMETER testing system. The basic principles of radial deformation for this cylinder liner are obtained through the test data Fourier transformation. And the affect principles of cylinder liner original distort, which results from mechanical machining and heat treatment process, to the cylinder liner assembly deformation are carried out.
The Method of Finding the Center of Steam Turbine Shaft Coupling Based on Multiple Practice
Authors: Liu Jing , Kuang Yong Sheng
Published: July 2014

It is magnificent to find the center of the coupling after many calculations, test and optimization. It presents a check based on looking methods and determine the centering of this calculation method after repeatedly overhaul of a 200mw extraction condensing steam turbine adjusting center practice. The effectiveness of its application in practice can duration, and the average time and its consumption of money could be reduced to 1/3, 1/3 and 1/5of its original, illustrates the adjustment process issues which should pay attention to,and provides technical reference for the safe operation of the same type of rotating machinery .
Numerical Analysis about the Effects of PV Panels on the Mechanical Properties of Frame-Shear Structure
Authors: Peng Wei , Zhu Guo Quan , Chen Guo Ping , Zeng Shi Feng
Published: July 2014

As a kind of pollution-free and sustainable energy, solar energy has received people’s favor increasingly. Integration of solar power and architecture has become one of the important ways that people use solar energy. In this paper, numerical analysis of four frame-shear wall structure models on which PV panels are installed or not installed is conducted by ANSYS. The results show that integration of solar power and architecture meets the requirements of technical specification for concrete structures of tall building. But PV panels installed on the building surface will increase story displacement and produce stress and strain redistribution, which have negative effects on structural safety. This study provides a reference for the structure design of integration of solar power and architecture.
Research on the Hydrodynamic Performance of a Wave Energy Converter
Authors: Zheng Xiong Bo , Yang Yu Nong
Published: July 2014

Under the pressure of fossil energy shortage, rational exploitation of ocean wave energy is propitious to establish an environmentally friendly society. This paper presents the results of a practical research done in a test tank, on the hydrodynamic performance of a wave energy converter with swing arms and floaters designed purposely. Fixed on a trailer, the converter was composed of two floaters, two swing arms, mechanical transmission devices and generators. The method of this research was to measure the floater’s acceleration and the output voltages of the generator under the movement of waves, analysis the influence of wave height and period on floaters’ movement, then compute the wave energy conversion efficiency. At last, the research findings show that the converter performed well with heaving motion performance and high energy conversion efficiency.
Research Progress in Nanocellulose Preparation
Authors: Yao Wen Run , Xu Qing Hua
Published: July 2014

In recent years, under the current situation of the exhausting non-renewable resources such as coal, oil and natural gas, there is a general interest in the sustainable production of chemicals and/or materials from biomass, which may play a major role in producing systems traditionally produced from petroleum. Cellulose is one of the most widely distributed renewable biopolymers. nanocellulose prepared from renewable and biodegradable lignocellulosic materials is green and environmental-friendly. It holds promise in a wide range of applications due to its nanoscale dimension and some unique properties, such as optical, electrical, magnetic and mechanical properties, etc. This review introduces the research progress in nanocellulose preparation methods.
Effect of Atmosphere Temperature on Physical Properties of ZnO/Ag/ZnO on PET Films
Authors: Kim Yun Hae , Lee Jin Woo , Murakami Riichi , Lee Dong Myung , Ha Jin Cheol , Wang Pang Pang
Published: July 2014

Transparent conductive layers on flexible substrates are important components of today’s optoelectronic technology. They are used in filters for plasma displays, low-e windows, solar cells, etc. At present, in-doped indium oxide (ITO) layers on PET substrate is the predominant transparent conducting oxide film in diverse practical applications. However, ITO is a relatively expensive material because indium is not abundant, but aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) film is emerging as an alternative potential candidate to ITO thin film due to its abundance as a raw material, nontoxic nature, cost-effectiveness, easy fabrication, and good stability in plasma. They have, however, several drawbacks: they exhibit relatively high electrical resistance (sheet resistance, 20-200Ω), considerable emissivity, and significant absorption in the spectral region 1-2μm, in which transition from high transmittance to high reflectance takes place. Furthermore, these films do not block solar thermal radiation (0.7-3μm), which may cause overheating problems to devices such as electro-chromic and photovoltaic devices. On the other hand, ITO/Ag/ITO multilayer films are used to achieve high transparent conducting properties. A thin silver layer of about 10nm thickness is embedded between two ITO layers. The ITO/Ag/ITO film has very low sheet resistance, high optical transparency in the visible range, relatively lower thickness than single-layered ITO film, and better durability than single-layered silver film. In terms of ZnO, which is a wide direct band-gap semiconductor, ZnO has a band-gap energy of 3.37 eV with a binding energy as high as 60 meV at room temperature. ZnO has been applied to various domains for excellent physical and chemical properties, such as piezoelectric sensors, rheostats , gas sensors, semiconductor lasers, and transparent conductive films.
Comparative Study on the Properties of CuCoBe Alloy and CuNiCoBe Alloy
Authors: Chen Jian , Zhang Ming , Yang Dong , Liang Huan
Published: July 2014

CuNiCoBe alloy and CuCoBe alloy were cast by the vacuum inductive melting technique, and were heat treated under certain parameters. By using optical microscope, sclerometer and conductivity meter, the properties of two alloys were investigated after heat treatment. Experimental results show that the process of 980 °C for solid solution and three hours of aging at 450 °C is the best heat treatment for CuCoBe alloy, while 960 °C is the best solid solution treatment temperature for CuNiCoBe alloy with the same aging measures. Ni is beneficial to improve the hardness and conductivity of alloys, and CuNiCoBe alloy has better strength, hardness and conductivity than CuCoBe alloy at different temperatures, and two alloys all have a conductivity mutation increase near 450 °C. CuNiCoBe alloy and CuCoBe alloy soften respectively at 464 °C and 471 °C.
Estimating the Importance Degree of Influence Factors on Concrete Durability Based on Rough Set Theory
Authors: Su Xiao Ping , Sun Hao Yue
Published: July 2014

Under the saline soil environment in the western area of Jilin Province, the concrete durability is affected by a lot of factors, which include wet-dry cycles, freeze-thaw cycles, wet-dry and freeze-thaw cycles, salt soaking time, salts concentration, fly-ash content, air content. These factors impact on the durability of concrete is uncertain, and there may be a problem of duplicate action, with some roughness characteristics. In this article, the rough set theory is used to analyze the degree that these seven factors affect the concrete durability, and to calculate weights. In this article, the loss rate of dynamic elasticity modulus is looked as the evaluation index of concrete durability. The results show that: the importance degrees of 7 factors influencing the loss rate of concrete dynamic elasticity modulus in order are: wet-dry and freeze-thaw cycles > wet-dry cycle > freeze-thaw cycles > multiple salts concentration > air content > long-term soak > fly-ash content.
Research on Mining Water-Rich Fly-Ash-Based Filling Material
Authors: Chen Wei Xin , Li Feng Yi , Guan Xian Hua , Chen Lei , Nie Wen Bo
Published: July 2014

It had decades of history that cementing material was used for filling in coal mine or metal mine goaf, which was a common filling material in recently filling mining. Paste and high water material have excellent performance, but the price was too high, which restricted the development of cemented filling technology severely. Later, fly ash and other industrial waste were mixed into the cementing material in order to reduce the cost, but because of which early activity was low, the early strength was reduced by mixing too much fly ash and other industrial waste, the setting time was extended, which affected the filling effect seriously. Therefore, it becomes a key problem that how to excite the early activity of fly ash. It was a breakthrough to select the appropriate activator and activation method, because of the difference mechanism of action and effects for different activators of fly ash, the complexity composition of filling material mixed with large number of fly ash, and the early and late physical and mechanical properties [1,2].Four salts are used for activators in this paper, which are mixed with fly ash and water, and a display method was selected to maximum activate the activity of fly ash, increase the early strength of the material, and reduce the cost of the material.
Effect of Milling Parameters on Surface Roughness for High-Speed Milling of Pre-Sintering Zirconia
Authors: Liu Jun Wei , Yang Xiao Jun
Published: July 2014

Zirconia has been widely concerned in dental restoration duo to its excellent properties, but its high hardness make direct milling inefficient, while pre-sintering zirconia has good machinability. By single factor experiment in high-speed finish milling on 900°C pre-sintering zirconia, effect of four milling process parameters’ change on surface roughness was analyzed, and process sensitivity and relative sensitivity were put forward to compare the effect degree and to optimize milling parameters’ domains respectively. Roughness models are established on each parameter, and analysis results show the effect degree in order of spindle speed, feed engagement, cutting width, and cutting depth, spindle speed in them is a main factor. Based on relative sensitivity, milling parameters stability domain and instability domain are presented.
FEM Analysis of Profile Control Capability during Rolling in a 6-High CVC Cold Rolling Mill
Authors: Linghu Ke Zhi , Jiang Zheng Yi , Li Fei , Zhao Jing Wei , Yu Meng , Wang Yong Qiang
Published: July 2014

A 3D elastic-plastic finite element method (FEM) model of cold strip rolling for 6-high continuous variable crown (CVC) rolling mill was developed. The rolling force distributions were obtained by the internal iteration processes. The calculated error has been significantly reduced by the developed model. the absolute error between the simulated results and the actual values is obtained to be less than 10μm, and relative error is less than 1%. The developed model is significant in investigating the profile control capability of the CVC cold rolling mill in terms of work roll bending, intermediate roll bending and intermediate roll shifting.
Optimal Design about Parameters of Cooling Pipes in Hot Stamping Die
Authors: Chen Long , Chen Wei , Li Jian Dong , Heng Si Ning , Wu Jia
Published: July 2014

The design reasonability of cooling pipe greatly affects the quenching performance of hot stamping die. In this paper, rectangular box is the carrier, the parameters of cooling pipe section, such as the diameter of cooling pipe, the distance between cooling pipes, the distance between cooling pipes and die surface, were studied by numerical simulation and orthogonal experiments. The quenching uniformity was taken as the evaluation criterion during research. Finally, the optimal parameters about cooling pipes distributed in hot stamping die were obtained and the quenching uniformity was improved.
Prospect of Thin-Walled Adjusted Pressure Casting Process for Superalloys
Authors: Yan Nai Shun , Dong An Ping , Zhang Jiao , Wang Jun , Sun Bao De
Published: July 2014

The filling capacity, microstructure, mechanical properties, and casting defects were reviewed and analyzed for superalloy adjusted pressure casting. The research progress and advantages of adjusted pressure casting were discussed. The challenges of superalloy adjusted pressure casting was pointed out and its developing trend was predicated.
Strain Analysis of Bimetal Material Based on Uniaxial Tensile and ANSYS
Authors: Zhang De Hai , Zhang Duan Qin , Li Yan Qin , Liu Jian Xiu , Bai Dai Ping , Xia Hou Hai , Yang Yong
Published: July 2014

With a combined method of theoretic analysis, numerical simulation and uniaxial tensile test experiment research, the properties of bimetal materials are system studied. The researches are concentrated on the followings contexts:The fabricating method of bimetal materials by semi-solid compressive joining is studied by ANSYS, and then the tensile property relationships of the clad material are established. The stress and their strains alongx,yandzdirections of the clad material are analyzed, respectively. The different performance of composite materials, find materials conform to the existing problems so as to optimize treatment.
Research on Selective Grinding of Yunnan Low-Grade Phosphate Rock
Authors: Yan Fu Kun , Xiao Qing Fei , Tong Xiong , Ren Sheng Kui , Guo Rui , Zhao Zai Quan
Published: July 2014

In view of the mid-low grade phosphate rock somewhere in Yunnan province, first of all study the mechanical properties of ore, on the basis of which combine Duanshi semi diameter theory formula and crushing statistic mechanics, optimized from diameters, shapes and proportion of the grinding medias, increasing the grinding selectivity only to get selective optimization scheme, finally proved by practice, after changing the media system, on the basis of original mill processing capacity increased by 19.54%, the average steel consumption reduced more than 10%, the particle size of grinding product is easy to process, having an obvious energy saving effect.
The Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Analysis of Journal Bearing
Authors: Zhang Jun Yan
Published: July 2014

Based on the flexibility matrix method, the elastohydrodynamic lubrication performance of journal bearing are studied. Comparisons are made the effect of elastic deformation on the center orbit of connecting rod big end bearing. The results show that bearing eccentricity has far exceeded 1 near the maximum combustion pressure, considering the elastic deformation of connecting rod big end bearing, changing trend of bearing center orbit is the same at other times.
Numerical Research Methodology of Free Oscillations of Geometrically Nonlinear Shell Using the Mixed Finite Element Method
Authors: Stupishin Leonid U. , Nikitin Konstantin E.
Published: July 2014

Considered small oscillations geometrically nonlinear shallow shell of revolution relative to the initial deformed state. Orthotropic material model is considered. Research methodology based on the finite element method is developed.
Experiments on Effects to Rock Bolt Pretension by Thread Rolling Accuracy
Authors: Yan Li Xin
Published: July 2014

Pretension is a key factor affecting the performance of rock bolt. It is usually applied on the bolt by tightening the nut. The efficiency of the torque-to-pretension conversion is significantly influenced by the thread rolling accuracy. In this study, the influence of the thread rolling accuracy upon the pretension is investigated. Factors influencing the thread rolling efficiency, i.e., rock bolt material quality, rolling technic and equipments, are examined. To study the relationship between torque and pretension, a laboratory table was specially designed and a series of tests were carried out on the rock bolts with different thread accuracy. The result indicates that the higher the thread rolling accuracy, the higher the coefficient of torque-to-pretension conversion. And the coefficient can be improved by daubing lubrication oil on the thread. In China, the rock bolt thread encounters the issue of low rolling accuracy which results in coarse thread surface. As a result, the efficiency of the torque-to-pretension conversion is greatly reduced. In addition, the rock bolt is susceptible to break at the thread end. Essential approach to resolve these issues is to significantly improve the thread rolling accuracy by adopting advanced equipment.
Acidification Assisted Preparation of Graphite Oxide and Graphene
Authors: Lei Yun , Xu Jun , Li Rong , Chen Fei Fei
Published: July 2014

Graphite oxide was prepared by acidification assisted Hummers method, which contains acidification, medium temperature and high-temperature three stages. Traditional Hummers low-temperature process was replaced by acidification process. The dosages of acid, graphite and potassium permanganate were investigated, and the produced graphite oxide was treated by ultrasonic oscillation and reduced to graphene by refluxing the reaction mixture at 100°C under open-air conditions. The structure of natural graphite, graphite oxide and graphene were characterized by X-ray diffractometry and infrared spectrum, the morphology of graphene was observed on a scanning electron microscope and the electrochemical properties of graphene were analyzed by the three-electrode cyclic voltammetry test system.
Simulation Analysis of the Soft Rock Inclined Shaft Surrounding Rock Control with Different Bolt Support Patterns
Authors: Jiang Peng Fei
Published: July 2014

Taking +150 inclined shaft going through the soft rock strata at Muchengjian mine as the background, and based on the analysis of the deformation and failure feature of the roadway surrounding rock in the soft rock strata, this paper makes X-Ray Differaction (XRD) phase analysis of the soft rock; using finite difference numerical software FLAC3D, it stimulates and makes comparative analysis of the stress and deformation distribution characteristics of the roadway surrounding rock with bolt support with different intervals, and the support of the high-strength bolt with high pre-tension stress in the inclined shaft through the soft rock strata. The results show that the roadway surrounding rock in the +150 inclined shaft at Muchengjian mine is swelling soft rock prone to softening, degradation and swelling in water, which is bad for the roadway support; different types of rock strata have significant different impact on the stress and deformation of the roadway surrounding rock; for the soft rock roadway, the increased pre-tension stress of the bolt can cause higher compressive stress in the roadway surrounding rock and reduce the tension failure of the surrounding rock;compared with the end anchorage, the full-size anchorage with high pre-tension stress can cause the overlap of the conical compressive stress zone and enhance the roadway overall support.
Total and Labile Carbon in Alfisol Soil Amended with Plant Residual and Livestock Manure
Authors: Zhou Hua , Yu Wan Tai , Zhao Ying
Published: July 2014

In a situ buried-bag experiment, the seasonal dynamics of soil total organic carbon (TOC) and labile organic carbon in soil amended with maize stalk (MS), chicken manure (CM), pig manure (PM) and mixture of them (MI) were studied in one year. MS with a low N content and high C/N ratio decomposed a little faster than other materials with low C/N ratios. Labile carbon pool – microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and light fraction of organic carbon (LFOC) exhibited an absolute difference in the 365-day incubation period: MS in MBC showed a gentle ascendant tendency; however, CM and PM displayed a rapid decrease. The concentrations of LFOC in all the treatments decreased coincidently nevertheless. MBC was more sensitive to organic material addition than other labile pools, despite of its low level.
Analysis on Mordern Bamboo-Lamp Design
Authors: Liang Hui Ping , Qin Fang Yuan , Qin Ni
Published: July 2014

In this paper, the author analysis the three forms of bamboo lamp design which are round bamboo, pieces of bamboo and bamboo weaving based on the surveying of the processing technology and surface treatment of bamboo products. Bamboo lamp design requirement of modern green, humane, and puts forward the design trends of materials and design, development process and design of organic fusion.
The Ply Optimum Design of Composites Wind Turbine Blade Based on the Local Stability
Authors: Wang Ying Jun , Zhu Si Rong , Wang Jian Jun
Published: July 2014

Fluid-solid coupling calculations are performed on design of a wind turbine blade made by fiber reinforced polymer composites. The length of the blade is 46m, and it is for a 3MW-capacity power station. By the finite element method, the initial design on the ply is carried out under the case of static loads. Then, the eigenvalue buckling theory is used to analyze the stability. In the process of design, sections of the blade which have different stiffness have different ply orientation and thickness. Thus, the local structural stiffness is enhanced, and the local stability of the blade is improved. The results show that the buckling load coefficient increases from 3.3 to 4.2, and the weight of the blade reduces by 4.5%. The aim of optimization design on the wind turbine blade has been achieved.