bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural and optical properties of AgIn5S8
Authors: Rincón Carlos A. Durante , Durán Larissa T. , Medina Josefa Estévez , Castro Jaime A. , León Máximo , Fermín Jose R.
Published: July 2017

Compounds of the chalcogenide family Ag–In–VI (VI = S, Se, Te) are interesting materials due to their stoichiometric stability and potential application in nonlinear optics and solar cells. A polycrystalline ingot of AgIn5S8, an ordered vacancy semiconductor, was prepared by direct fusion of the stoichiometric mixture of the elements in an evacuated quartz ampoule. The presence of a single phase with cubic structure was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction at room temperature. The lattice parameter, [Formula: see text], was calculated, giving 10.821750 Å. Samples in evacuated quartz ampoules were used to perform Differential Thermal Analysis measurements, showing congruent melting at 1110[Formula: see text]C. Transmittance and reflectivity measurements were used to calculate the absorption coefficient [Formula: see text]. From the plot of ([Formula: see text])2 versus [Formula: see text], two direct transitions are observed at 1.25 eV and 1.88 eV. While the higher energy direct transition has been observed by other authors, the direct nature of the lower energy transition was confirmed from the fitting of the plot of the reflectivity versus 1/[Formula: see text] between 0.53 eV[Formula: see text] (1.89 eV) and 0.55 eV[Formula: see text] (1.82 eV), obtaining a value of 1.29 eV. The real refractive index [Formula: see text] and the high-frequency dielectric constant [Formula: see text] were also obtained from the fit of the reflectivity, resulting to be 2.68 and 7.2, respectively.
Effects on the magnetic and optical properties of Co-doped ZnO at different electronic states
Authors: Huo Qingyu , Xu Zhenchao , Qu Linfeng
Published: July 2017

Both blue and red shifts in the absorption spectrum of Co-doped ZnO have been reported at a similar concentration range of doped Co. Moreover, the sources of magnetism of Co-doped ZnO are controversial. To solve these problems, the geometry optimization and energy of different Co-doped ZnO systems were calculated at the states of electron spin polarization and nonspin polarization by adopting plane-wave ultra-soft pseudopotential technology based on density function theory. At the state of electron nonspin polarization, the total energies increased as the concentration of Co-doped increased. The doped systems also became unstable. The formation energies increased and doping became difficult. Furthermore, the band gaps widened and the absorption spectrum exhibited a blue shift. The band gaps were corrected by local-density approximation + [Formula: see text] at the state of electron spin polarization. The magnetic moments of the doped systems weakened as the concentration of doped Co increased. The magnetic moments were derived from the coupling effects of [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text]. The band gaps narrowed and the absorption spectrum exhibited a red shift. The inconsistencies of the band gaps and absorption spectrum at the states of electron spin polarization and nonspin polarization were first discovered in this research, and the sources of Co-doped ZnO magnetism were also reinterpreted.
Improvement in the performance of graphene nanoribbon p-i-n tunneling field effect transistors by applying lightly doped profile on drain region
Authors: Naderi Ali
Published: July 2017

In this paper, an efficient structure with lightly doped drain region is proposed for p-i-n graphene nanoribbon field effect transistors (LD-PIN-GNRFET). Self-consistent solution of Poisson and Schrödinger equation within Nonequilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) formalism has been employed to simulate the quantum transport of the devices. In proposed structure, source region is doped by constant doping density, channel is an intrinsic GNR, and drain region contains two parts with lightly and heavily doped doping distributions. The important challenge in tunneling devices is obtaining higher current ratio. Our simulations demonstrate that LD-PIN-GNRFET is a steep slope device which not only reduces the leakage current and current ratio but also enhances delay, power delay product, and cutoff frequency in comparison with conventional PIN GNRFETs with uniform distribution of impurity and with linear doping profile in drain region. Also, the device is able to operate in higher drain–source voltages due to the effectively reduced electric field at drain side. Briefly, the proposed structure can be considered as a more reliable device for low standby-power logic applications operating at higher voltages and upper cutoff frequencies.
Ab initio hybrid DFT calculations of BaTiO3 bulk and BaO-terminated (001) surface F-centers
Authors: Sokolov M. , Eglitis R. I. , Piskunov S. , Zhukovskii Yu. F.
Published: July 2017

Using a supercell model and a hybrid B3PW exchange-correlation functional, we have performed first principles calculations for the F-center in the BaTiO3 bulk and on the BaO-terminated (001) surface. We find that two Ti atoms nearest to the bulk F-center are repulsed, while nearest eight oxygen and four barium atoms relax toward the oxygen vacancy (by 1.06, 0.71 and 0.08% of the lattice constant [Formula: see text], respectively). The magnitudes of atomic displacements around the F-center located on the BaO-terminated (001) surface in most cases (except for Ti) are larger than those around the bulk F-center (0.1, 1.4 and 1.0% of [Formula: see text], respectively). Our calculated BaTiO3 bulk [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] bandgap of 3.55 eV is in an acceptable agreement with the respective experimental bandgap value of 3.2 eV. The pristine BaO-terminated (001) surface [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] bandgap (3.49 eV) is reduced with respect to the bulk bandgap value. The bulk and BaO-terminated (001) surface F-center bands in BaTiO3 matrix are located only at 0.23 eV and 0.07 eV under the conduction band (CB) bottom, indicating that the F-center is a shallow donor. The F-center in the BaTiO3 bulk contains charge of 1.103[Formula: see text], whereas slightly less charge, only 1.052[Formula: see text], are localized inside the F-center on the BaO-terminated (001) surface. Our calculations demonstrate considerable increase of the chemical bond covalency between the BaTiO3 bulk F-center and its two nearest Ti atoms equal to 0.320[Formula: see text], and even larger increase for BaO-terminated (001) surface F-center and its nearest Ti atom 0.480[Formula: see text], in comparison to the relevant Ti–O chemical bond covalency in the perfect BaTiO3 bulk 0.100[Formula: see text]. The difference between F-center formation energy in BaTiO3 bulk (10.3 eV) and on the BaO-terminated (001) surface (10.2 eV) trigger the segregation of the F-center from the bulk toward the BaO-terminated (001) surface.
The Future of Low-Carbon Electricity
Authors: Greenblatt Jeffery B. , Brown Nicholas R. , Slaybaugh Rachel , Wilks Theresa , Stewart Emma , McCoy Sean T.
Published: July 2017

We review future global demand for electricity and major technologies positioned to supply it with minimal greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions: renewables (wind, solar, water, geothermal, and biomass), nuclear fission, and fossil power with CO2 capture and sequestration. We discuss two breakthrough technologies (space solar power and nuclear fusion) as exciting but uncertain additional options for low-net GHG emissions (i.e., low-carbon) electricity generation. In addition, we discuss grid integration technologies (monitoring and forecasting of transmission and distribution systems, demand-side load management, energy storage, and load balancing with low-carbon fuel substitutes). For each topic, recent historical trends and future prospects are reviewed, along with technical challenges, costs, and other issues as appropriate. Although no technology represents an ideal solution, their strengths can be enhanced by deployment in combination, along with grid integration that forms a critical set of enabling technologies to assure a reliable and robust future low-carbon electricity system.
The Hibernator Microbiome: Host-Bacterial Interactions in an Extreme Nutritional Symbiosis
Authors: Carey Hannah V. , Assadi-Porter Fariba M.
Published: July 2017

Animals that undergo seasonal cycles of feeding and fasting have adaptations that maintain integrity of organ systems when dietary nutrients are lacking. Food deprivation also challenges the gut microbiota, which relies heavily on host diet for metabolic substrates and the gastrointestinal tract, which is influenced by enteral nutrients and microbial activity. Winter fasting in hibernators shifts the microbiota to favor taxa with the capacity to degrade and utilize host-derived substrates and disfavor taxa that prefer complex plant polysaccharides. Microbiome alterations may contribute to hibernation-induced changes in the intestinal immune system, epithelial barrier function, and other host features that are affected by microbial short-chain fatty acids and other metabolites. Understanding mechanisms by which the hibernator host and its gut symbionts adapt to the altered nutritional landscape during winter fasting may provide insights into protective mechanisms that are compromised when nonhibernating species, such as humans, undergo long periods of enteral nutrient deprivation.
Canonical Forms and Their Integrability for Systems of Three 2nd-Order ODEs
Authors: Zahida S. , Qureshi M. N. , Ayub Muhammad
Published: July 2017

Differential invariants and their corresponding canonical forms for systems of three 2nd-order ODEs possessing three-dimensional Lie algebras are constructed. Their extension up to kth-order system of three 2nd-order ODEs is presented. Furthermore singularity in invariant structure for the canonical forms is investigated. In addition integrability of these canonical forms is discussed. Illustrative physical examples from mechanics of system of particles are provided.
Investment Policies to Extend the Life of Expressways in Japan
Authors: Noda Hideo , Osano Yuichi
Published: July 2017

This study examines the macroeconomic effects of investment policies aimed at extending the life of expressways in Japan based on a stochastic Ramsey model. The results of numerical analysis suggest that the benefits of life-extension investment in expressways can be increased by raising the level of maintenance intensity of expressways. The benefits of life-extension investment in expressways can be decomposed into the stock effect and the smoothing effect. Decomposition of life-extension benefits shows that the contribution of the stock effect is more than 90 percent, while that of the smoothing effect is less than 10 percent. The implementation of life-extension investment policies regarding expressways offers advantages in terms of reducing economic fluctuations and user charges. In addition, if relative risk aversion is high, efficiency is low and intergenerational equity is high. Furthermore, a higher level of technology leads to greater efficiency and intergenerational equity.
Effects of Angelica Extract on Schwann Cell Proliferation and Expressions of Related Proteins
Authors: Jiang Xiaowen , Liu Lin , Zhang Binqing , Lu Ziyin , Qiao Lu , Feng Xinxin , Yu Wenhui
Published: July 2017

The present study investigated the effects of Angelica extract (AE) on Schwann cell proliferation and expressions of related proteins, including brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Proliferation activity and cell cycles of SCs were evaluated by MTT assay and flow cytometry methods, respectively, after 12 h treatment of AE at different concentrations (62.5, 125, 250, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 mg/L). SCs were treated by 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/L AE for 24 h or 48 h; the related genes mRNA and proteins expressions in SCs were detected by quantitative real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. At the concentration range of 125–2000 mg/L, the SC proliferation was induced by AE in a dose‐dependent manner, especially 1000 and 2000 mg/L; cells in drug‐treated groups showed the most increase. Cells counts were ascended significantly in (G2/M + S) phase compared to control group. BDNF, NCAM, and PCNA protein expressions significantly increased at drug‐treated groups. Relative genes mRNA expressions levels were also significantly higher compared to control group. The results indicated that AE facilitated SC proliferation and related genes and proteins expressions, which provided a basic guideline for nerve injury repair in clinic.
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy for Quality Assessment of Meat and Fish: A Review on Basic Principles, Measurement Methods, and Recent Advances
Authors: Zhao Xin , Zhuang Hong , Yoon Seung-Chul , Dong Yonggui , Wang Wei , Zhao Wei
Published: July 2017

Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), as an effective analytical technique for electrochemical system, has shown a wide application for food quality and safety assessment recently. Individual differences of livestock cause high variation in quality of raw meat and fish and their commercialized products. Therefore, in order to obtain the definite quality information and ensure the quality of each product, a fast and on-line detection technology is demanded to be developed to monitor product processing. EIS has advantages of being fast, nondestructive, inexpensive, and easily implemented and shows potential to develop on-line detecting instrument to replace traditional methods to realize time, cost, skilled persons saving and further quality grading. This review outlines the fundamental theories and two common measurement methods of EIS applied to biological tissue, summarizes its application specifically for quality assessment of meat and fish, and discusses challenges and future trends of EIS technology applied for meat and fish quality assessment.
Feasibility of Cervical Epidural Anesthesia for Breast Cancer Surgery
Authors: Wenk Manuel , Massoth Christina , Pöpping Daniel M. , Möllmann Michael
Published: July 2017

Background. Effects of perioperative cervical level neuraxial blocks on the dissemination of cancer metastases have become a matter of substantial interest. However, experience with these catheters has been limited and data on feasibility and efficacy is sparse. Methods. Data from 39 patients scheduled to undergo breast cancer surgery while awake with a cervical epidural alone was retrospectively analyzed. Results. In 26 patients (66,7%, 95% CI 51,7–81,7) the cervical epidural catheter was sufficient for surgery. In one patient (2.6%, 95% CI 0–7.6) identification of the epidural space was not possible. Four patients (10.3%, 95% CI 0,7–19,9) had an insufficient sensory block. Seven patients (17.9%, 95% CI 5,7–30,1) had a partially insufficient sensory block. Rates of failed epidural blocks were not significantly different between different insertion levels. 21 patients (80.8%, 95% CI 65,4–96,1) developed hypotension and required an intravenous vasopressor. One patient developed nausea. In one patient the dura was accidentally punctured. No neurological damage was observed. No other major complications were observed. Discussion. Epidural punctures in the cervical region are feasible but do bear potential for major complications. Anesthesiologists should familiarize themselves with high epidural block techniques.
Testing of Microalloyed Steel Quality under Creep Conditions for a New Intended Use
Authors: Mihaliková Mária , Zgodavová Kristína , Lišková Anna
Published: July 2017

The paper deals with the testing of microalloyed steels H300LAD and H380LAD under creep conditions. To test the properties of these steels, tensile and creep tests were carried out in the temperature range of 200–500°C. Torn samples were subjected to microscopic and submicroscopic observations. Microalloyed steels were compared with the alloyed steels C16E and 16Mo3 bypasses used at the same temperatures. The results of the experiments highlighted the possibility of application of microalloyed steels in operations within the specified temperature range.
Correlation between Structures and Antioxidant Activities of Polyvinylpyrrolidone/Garcinia mangostana L. Extract Composite Nanofiber Mats Prepared Using Electrospinning
Authors: Sriyanti Ida , Edikresnha Dhewa , Rahma Annisa , Munir Muhammad Miftahul , Rachmawati Heni , Khairurrijal Khairurrijal
Published: July 2017

Nanofiber mats of polyvinyl(pyrrolidone) (PVP) with Garcinia mangostana extract (GME) as the encapsulated drug have been developed using electrospinning. SEM images of all electrospun PVP/GME composite nanofiber mats showed that they had similar and smooth morphology, no beads, and spindle shape. Its average diameter decreased and its surface area therefore increased with the decrease of its PVP concentration. The benefit of high surface area is obvious in drug delivery systems for poorly water-soluble drugs. Their FTIR spectra indicated that PVP and GME interacted intermolecularly via hydrogen bonds in the composite nanofiber mats. A conformational change in the C-H chain of PVP occurred in the composite nanofiber mats due to the intermolecular interactions. Their XRD patterns confirmed that they were amorphous because of amorphization during electrospinning. The XRD analyses also strengthened the FTIR studies; namely, GME and PVP formed intermolecular interactions in the electrospun composite nanofiber mats. As a result, GME as the encapsulated drug was molecularly dispersed in the electrospun PVP nanofiber matrix that functioned as a drug delivery system. From the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, the composite nanofiber mats exhibited very high antioxidant activities despite having been exposed to high voltage during electrospinning. Therefore, they are potential antioxidant products for food and pharmaceutics.
CTLA4 Promotes Tyk2-STAT3–Dependent B-cell Oncogenicity
Authors: Herrmann Andreas , Lahtz Christoph , Nagao Toshikage , Song Joo Y. , Chan Wing C. , Lee Heehyoung , Yue Chanyu , Look Thomas , Mülfarth Ronja , Li Wenzhao , Jenkins Kurt , Williams John , Budde Lihua E. , Forman Stephen , Kwak Larry , Blankenstein Thomas , Yu Hua
Published: July 2017

CTL–associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) is a well-established immune checkpoint for antitumor immune responses. The protumorigenic function of CTLA4 is believed to be limited to T-cell inhibition by countering the activity of the T-cell costimulating receptor CD28. However, as we demonstrate here, there are two additional roles for CTLA4 in cancer, including via CTLA4 overexpression in diverse B-cell lymphomas and in melanoma-associated B cells. CTLA4-CD86 ligation recruited and activated the JAK family member Tyk2, resulting in STAT3 activation and expression of genes critical for cancer immunosuppression and tumor growth and survival. CTLA4 activation resulted in lymphoma cell proliferation and tumor growth, whereas silencing or antibody-blockade of CTLA4 in B-cell lymphoma tumor cells in the absence of T cells inhibits tumor growth. This inhibition was accompanied by reduction of Tyk2/STAT3 activity, tumor cell proliferation, and induction of tumor cell apoptosis. The CTLA4–Tyk2–STAT3 signal pathway was also active in tumor-associated nonmalignant B cells in mouse models of melanoma and lymphoma. Overall, our results show how CTLA4-induced immune suppression occurs primarily via an intrinsic STAT3 pathway and that CTLA4 is critical for B-cell lymphoma proliferation and survival. Cancer Res; 77(18); 5118–28. ©2017 AACR.
TBK1 Provides Context-Selective Support of the Activated AKT/mTOR Pathway in Lung Cancer
Authors: Cooper Jonathan M. , Ou Yi-Hung , McMillan Elizabeth A. , Vaden Rachel M. , Zaman Aubhishek , Bodemann Brian O. , Makkar Gurbani , Posner Bruce A. , White Michael A.
Published: July 2017

Emerging observations link dysregulation of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) to developmental disorders, inflammatory disease, and cancer. Biochemical mechanisms accounting for direct participation of TBK1 in host defense signaling have been well described. However, the molecular underpinnings of the selective participation of TBK1 in a myriad of additional cell biological systems in normal and pathophysiologic contexts remain poorly understood. To elucidate the context-selective role of TBK1 in cancer cell survival, we employed a combination of broad-scale chemogenomic and interactome discovery strategies to generate data-driven mechanism-of-action hypotheses. This approach uncovered evidence that TBK1 supports AKT/mTORC1 pathway activation and function through direct modulation of multiple pathway components acting both upstream and downstream of the mTOR kinase itself. Furthermore, we identified distinct molecular features in which mesenchymal, Ras-mutant lung cancer is acutely dependent on TBK1-mediated support of AKT/mTORC1 pathway activation for survival. Cancer Res; 77(18); 5077–94. ©2017 AACR.
Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor-1 Promotes Environment-Mediated and Acquired Chemoresistance
Authors: Lifshitz Veronica , Priceman Saul J. , Li Wenzhao , Cherryholmes Gregory , Lee Heehyoung , Makovski-Silverstein Adar , Borriello Lucia , DeClerck Yves A. , Yu Hua
Published: July 2017

Drug resistance is a major barrier for the development of effective and durable cancer therapies. Overcoming this challenge requires further defining the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying drug resistance, both acquired and environment-mediated drug resistance (EMDR). Here, using neuroblastoma (NB), a childhood cancer with high incidence of recurrence due to resistance to chemotherapy, as a model we show that human bone marrow–mesenchymal stromal cells induce tumor expression of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR1), leading to their resistance to chemotherapy. Targeting S1PR1 by shRNA markedly enhances etoposide-induced apoptosis in NB cells and abrogates EMDR, while overexpression of S1PR1 significantly protects NB cells from multidrug-induced apoptosis via activating JAK–STAT3 signaling. Elevated S1PR1 expression and STAT3 activation are also observed in human NB cells with acquired resistance to etoposide. We show in vitro and in human NB xenograft models that treatment with FTY720, an FDA-approved drug and antagonist of S1PR1, dramatically sensitizes drug-resistant cells to etoposide. In summary, we identify S1PR1 as a critical target for reducing both EMDR and acquired chemoresistance in NB. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(11); 2516–27. ©2017 AACR.
Patient-Related Benefits for Adults with Cochlear Implantation: A Multicultural Longitudinal Observational Study
Authors: Lenarz Thomas , Muller Lida , Czerniejewska-Wolska Hanna , Vallés Varela Hector , Orús Dotú César , Durko Marcin , Huarte Irujo Alicia , Piszczatowski Bartosz , Zadrożniak Marek , Irwin Colin , Graham Petra L. , Wyss Josie
Published: July 2017

Objectives: To assess subjectively perceived, real-world benefits longitudinally for unilateral cochlear implant (CI) recipients in a multinational population treated routinely. To identify possible predictors of self-reported benefits. Design: This was a prospective, multicenter, repeated-measures study. Self-assessment of performance at preimplantation and postimplantation at 1, 2, and 3 years using standardized, validated, local language versions of the Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ), and the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3) was performed. Outcomes were analyzed using a longitudinal mixed-effects model incorporating country effect. Patient demographics were explored for associations with change over time. Subjects: Two hundred ninety-one routinely treated, unilateral CI recipients, aged 13-81 years, from 9 clinics across 4 countries. Results: Highly significant improvements were observed for all outcome measures (p < 0.0001). Postimplantation, mean outcome scores remained stable beyond 1 year, with notable individual variability. A significant association for one or more outcomes with preimplantation contralateral hearing aid use, telephone use, age at implantation, implantation side, preimplantation comorbidities, dizziness, and tinnitus was observed (p < 0.004). Conclusions: Longitudinal benefits of CI treatment can be measured using clinically standardized self-assessment tools to provide a holistic view of patient-related benefits in routine clinical practice for aggregated data from multinational populations. Self-reported outcomes can provide medical-based evidence regarding CI treatment to support decision-making by health service providers.
Validation of analytical method for determination of furosemide in extemporaneous syrup
Authors: Alfred-Ugbenbo D. , Zdoryk O. A. , Georgiyants V. A.
Published: July 2017

Introduction. Extreme syrups can be manufactured using substances or ready medicinal drugs as the active pharmaceutical ingredient. There is a necessity in the development and validation of analytical methods that can be used for quality control of pharmaceutical manufacturing of syrups containing furosemide.The aim of the study – to develop and validate assay method for furosemide in extemporaneous syrups prepared from both pure substance and finished products. Methods of the research. For proposed UV spectrophotometric assay method the conditions of analysis, sample preparation and validation characteristics were defined. Suspensions of substance and crushed commercial tablets were dissolved in 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution and evaluated spectrophotometrically in ultraviolet region of light at a wavelength 271 nm using method of specific absorbance.Results and Discussion. Samples comply with the Beer-Lambert Bouguer law within the concentration range of 8×10-3 – 1.2×10-2 mg/ml with correlation coefficients ≥ 0.9981. The uncertainty of the methods was well within the critical value of the error (0.72 %≤ maxΔAs) for both samples of syrup containing pure substance and commercial tablets. Recovery studies for furosemide in syrup samples of substance and crushed commercial tablets yielded 99.92 ±0.54 % and 99.14±0.16 % respectively. Assay limit of ±10 % by the validation parameters: specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy within the range of 80–120 % of the nominal contents was met by all compounded preparations.Conclusions. The results of validation proved that this method can be reproduced correctly and is suitable for use in pharmaceutical analysis. Adoption of this method is planned in evaluating uniformity of content and, in combination of other methods, ascertain chemical stability study of compounded furosemide syrups.
Зміна протеїназно-інгібіторної системи організму здорових білих мишей під дією поляризованого, некогерентного, поліхроматичного світла
Authors: Mamedaliev N. А. , Divocha V. A. , Gozhenko A. I.
Published: July 2017

Introduction. Along with specific flu prevention, using vaccines other ways do not lose relevance to prevent influenza and SARS, which are non-specific and folk medicines, especially their use in pre-epidemic period. But unspecific methods are related to immune stimulation and focused on antiviral effect. These include stimulants interferon, gamma globulin, Arbidol, Laferon and polarized, polychromatic, incoherent (Payler) light.The aim of the study – to learn enzyme-inhibitory system in a healthy body of white mice and its amendments arising under Payler light.Research Methods. Trypsyn-like proteinase activity was determined by the method of K. I. Veremeienko modified by S. V. Vovchuk. Protein was determined by the method of O. Lowry. Definition proteinase trypsyn-like inhibitor was performed by A. P. Levytskyi.Results and Discussion. As the results of studies in lungs of mice healthy active proteinase inhibitor trypsyn-like lung was 1.16 mg/ml, and serum – 168.7 mg/ml. Proteinases activity in the lungs of mice was 66.4 mg of arginine in 0.1 ml/1 hr; in serum of healthy mice – 51.5 micrograms in 0.1 ml/1 hr. The protein content in the lungs of mice at 6.28 mg/ml in serum of mice – 13.77 mg/ml. In mice that received 11 sessions of exposure Payler-light inhibitory activity in lungs was not determined and in blood serum was recorded at 80.12 mg/ml, under Payler light inhibitory activity decreased by 50 % in serum and completely disappeared in the lungs of experimental animals. Proteinases activity increased to 86.0 mc arg/0.1ml/1 hr. in serum of mice it was 26.7 mg arg/0.1ml/1 hr. The content of total protein in serum blood and lungs of mice was significantly reduced.Conclusions. Under the influence of light-Payler proteinases we observed an increase in activity in the lungs of mice, and protein in the serum. Activity reducing of inhibitor on 50 % was noted in the serum of mice. At the same time, in lungs of animals we observed its complete disappearance.
Таблеткові суміші, що містять іммобілізований лізоцим і кверцетин: отримання, властивості
Authors: Romanovska I. I. , Dekina S. S. , Sevastyanov O. V. , Rogozha Ye. A.
Published: July 2017

Introduction. Lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17), which has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory actions is increasingly used in medicine in a different dosage forms: tablets, wound coatings, capsules, gels, etc. Tablet is a convenient dosage form for usage of lysozyme in combination with other biologically active substances. The targeted stabilization of enzyme by immobilization into polymeric matrices determines the relevance of tablet form development of complex compositions of lysozyme and quercetin.The aim of the study – development of tablet blends of complex preparation of immobilized lysozyme and quercetin, their quantitative determination and the study of the properties of active substances.Methods of the research. Lysozyme activity was determined by bacteriolytic method. The protein content was controlled according to Lowry-Hartree, quercetin – using zirconium chloride.Results and Discussion. Using the earlier obtained data about the interaction of lysozyme with polymeric supports of different origin and structure, for the development of tableting mixtures with lysozyme and quercetin, as polymeric binders the poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone, sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose and gelatin were chosen. The comparative analysis of physico-chemical properties of immobilized in polymers lysozyme had shown prospects of gelatin usage as a matrice, which promotes widening of pH-profile of enzyme activity both in areas of acidic and alkaline pH values, stability in acidic media. For making the lysozyme and quercetin – containing tableting mixtures, the fillers, disintegrants, flavours and wet granulation method were chosen. The total preservation of lysozyme activity and quercetin content in obtained granules was shown.conclusions. Tablet mixtures with lysozyme and quercetin with usage of polymeric carriers of different origin and structure were developed. The analysis of biochemical and physico-chemical properties of immobilized lysozyme had shown prospects of gelatin usage as a matrice. Immobilization promotes widening of pH-profile of enzyme activity both in areas of acidic and alkaline pH values, stability in acidic media.
Біохімічні особливості плодів лимонника китайського (Schizandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill.)
Authors: Skrypchenko N. V. , Dzhurenko N. I. , Slyusar H. V.
Published: July 2017

Introduction. Today the searching of new innocuous plant substances of the introduced non-traditional plants is increasingly important due to its possibility of versatile use in the pharmaceutical industry. These include Chinese Magnolia vine (Schizandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill.) – the valuable source of bioactive compounds, which are widely used in folk and scientific medicine.The aim of the study – to learn biochemical characteristics of fruits of Chinese Magnolia vine, introduced in Wood-steppe of Ukraine. The lipid fraction, the content of volatile compounds and the mineral composition of the Magnolia-vine (S. chinensis) fruits (the cultivar Sadovy – 1), selected in M. Hryshko National Botanic Garden of NAS ofUkraine, were carried out.Research Methods. As a raw material we used the Magnolia-vine fruits (the cultivar Sadovy – volatile compounds was implemented with chromatographic method, the content of fatty acids – with the method of capillary gas chromatography, the content of macro- and microelements – with X-ray fluorestcent method.Results and Discussions. The chemical composition of the S. chinensis fruits is characterized by a combination of the important bioactive components, including fatty and essential oils with the rich mineral complex of the macro- and microelements. The lipid complex of Magnolia-vine seeds is revealed a high content of unsaturated fatty acids with the highest percentage of linoleic acid (69.97 %). The 65 components are founded in volatile fractions of the fruits, and 75 components – in the seeds, the main of which are nerolidol, β-elemen, D. hermakren. The mineral complex is represented with 13 macro- and microelements, the main of which are potassium, calcium, sulfur, iron, manganese and zinc.Conclusions. The results confirm the high value of the fruits of Magnolia-vine, introduced in conditions of the Wood-steppe ofUkraine. The chemical composition of the fruit is distinguished by a combination of important bioactive components, including fatty and essential oils, rich mineral complex macro- and microelements, which has a wide range of pharmacological action. This gives the base to widespread cultivation of Magnolia-vine as a promising source of biologically active compounds that can be used to create the food additives and phyto-compositions of medical-prophylactic action.
Аналіз асортименту лікарських засобів гемостатичної дії
Authors: Кarpiuk U. V. , Kyslychenko V. S.
Published: July 2017

Introduction. Taking into account the variability of the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine, the economic and political situation in the country, the analysis of the assortment of antihemorrhagic medicines makes it possible to identify factors affecting the provision of pharmaceutical care and the direction of improving the physical and economic accessibility of the medicines of this sigment.The aim of the study – to examine the assortment of antihemorrhagic drugs, which are presented on the domestic pharmaceutical market and to identify the place of herbal drugs.Methods of the research. The range of drugs and the dynamics of sales were studied with the help of additional electronic resources and analytical systems.Results and Discussions. It was determined that the structure of assortment of medicines with hemostatic action was formed by the group B02 antihemorrhagic means. Analysis of registered drugs for the individual active substances showed that in this group the maximum proportion of products contain blood clotting factors and tranexamic acid. Countries that export antihemorrhagic medicines to Ukrainian pharmaceutical market were determined. The main domestic manufacturers of assortment of medicines with hemostatic action were also set. Segmentation of the market for medicines dosage forms, showed the advantage of parenteral forms. Antihemorrhagic herbal medicines occupy only 12.5 % of the total assortment.Conclusions. The conducted researches give grounds to assert about the prospects and necessity of development of herbal medicines with hemostatic action.
Proof of Principle for a Novel Class of Antihypertensives That Target the Oxidative Activation of PKG Iα (Protein Kinase G Iα)
Authors: Burgoyne Joseph R. , Prysyazhna Oleksandra , Richards Daniel A. , Eaton Philip
Published: July 2017

Arterial hypertension continues to be a major health burden. Development of new antihypertensive drugs that engage vasodilatory mechanisms not harnessed by available therapies offer therapeutic potential. Oxidants induce an interprotein disulfide in PKG Iα (protein kinase G Iα) at C42, which is associated with its targeting and activation, resulting in vasodilation and blood pressure lowering. Consequently, we developed an assay and screened for electrophilic drugs that activate PKG Iα by selectively targeting C42, as such compounds have potential as novel antihypertensives with a mechanism of action that differs from current therapies. In this way, a drug that we termed G1 was identified, which targets C42 of PKG Iα to induce vasodilation of isolated resistance blood vessels and blood pressure lowering in a mouse model of angiotensin II–induced hypertension. In contrast, these antihypertensive effects were deficient in angiotensin II–induced hypertensive C42S PKG Iα knockin mice. These transgenic mice were engineered to have the reactive cysteinyl thiol replaced with a hydroxyl so that it cannot react with endogenous vasodilatory oxidants or electrophiles such as drug G1. These studies, therefore, provide validation of PKG Iα C42 as the target of G1, as well as proof-of-principle for a new class of antihypertensive drugs that have potential for further development for clinical use in humans.
Early Dysphagia Screening by Trained Nurses Reduces Pneumonia Rate in Stroke Patients
Authors: Palli Christoph , Fandler Simon , Doppelhofer Kathrin , Niederkorn Kurt , Enzinger Christian , Vetta Christian , Trampusch Esther , Schmidt Reinhold , Fazekas Franz , Gattringer Thomas
Published: July 2017

Background and Purpose—

Dysphagia is a common stroke symptom and leads to serious complications such as aspiration and pneumonia. Early dysphagia screening can reduce these complications. In many hospitals, dysphagia screening is performed by speech–language therapists who are often not available on weekends/holidays, which results in delayed dysphagia assessment.

Methods—

We trained the nurses of our neurological department to perform formal dysphagia screening in every acute stroke patient by using the Gugging Swallowing Screen. The impact of a 24/7 dysphagia screening (intervention) over swallowing assessment by speech–language therapists during regular working hours only was compared in two 5-month periods with time to dysphagia screening, pneumonia rate, and length of hospitalization as outcome variables.

Results—

Overall, 384 patients (mean age, 72.3±13.7 years; median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 3) were included in the study. Both groups (pre-intervention, n=198 versus post-intervention, n=186) were comparable regarding age, sex, and stroke severity. Time to dysphagia screening was significantly reduced in the intervention group (median, 7 hours; range, 1–69 hours) compared with the control group (median, 20 hours; range, 1–183;
P
=0.001). Patients in the intervention group had a lower rate of pneumonia (3.8% versus 11.6%;
P
=0.004) and also a reduced length of hospital stay (median, 8 days; range, 2–40 versus median, 9 days; range, 1–61 days;
P
=0.033).

Conclusions—

24/7 dysphagia screening can be effectively performed by nurses and leads to reduced pneumonia rates. Therefore, empowering nurses to do a formal bedside screening for swallowing dysfunction in stroke patients timely after admission is warranted whenever speech–language therapists are not available.
Short Back and Sides
Authors: Ridgeon Lloyd
Published: July 2017

Qalandars have often been depicted in negative terms in medieval and pre-modern literature by Sufis themselves, clerics and historians. Treatises composed by Qalandars are rare, thus the possibility of producing a balanced survey of their form of Sufism and contribution to the socio-political and religious climate of any given period is difficult. One such text, the “Sulīmān Qalandar Nāma”, however, completed in 1668, offers an intriguing perspective of Qalandars in late Safavid Iran. An analysis of this text, along with a focus on the dynamics of late Safavid religion and politics suggests that far from being antinomian and otherworldly Sufis, these Qalandars were supportive of the Shīʿa Safavid dynasty. The text offers an interesting marriage between traditional Qalandar themes and those inspired by Shīʿa Islam, and it testifies to the continuing importance of the Qalandars, providing evidence for the cultural continuity of this form of Sufism in the region.
Correction to the misapplication of the name Tectaria subsageniacea (Tectariaceae) in China
Authors: DONG SHI-YONG
Published: July 2017

The misapplication of the name Tectaria subsageniacea or Ctenitopsis subsageniacea, is corrected here. The nomenclature type of these names is an individual of T. fuscipes and the plants which have long been referred to as C. subsageniacea or T. subsageniacea in China should be named T. austrosinensis. A lectotype is designated for T. austrosinensis.
Two new subfamilies in Lamiaceae
Authors: LI BO , OLMSTEAD RICHARD G.
Published: July 2017

Two new subfamilies, Callicarpoideae Bo Li & R.G.Olmstead and Tectonoideae Bo Li & R.G.Olmstead, are established within the mint family. Their morphology, distribution, generic and species diversity, homotypic tribes, and phylogenetic position are noted.
Impatiens wolfgangii—a new scapigerous balsam (Balsaminaceae) from Bababudangiri, Western Ghats, India
Authors: LALI JOSEPH , BHASKAR VEERALINGA
Published: July 2017

A new scapigerous species, Impatiens wolfgangii, is reported from Bababudangiri, Chickmaglore District, Karnataka, in the central part of the Western Ghats. The species is closely allied to I. nilgirica and I. pandata occurring in Nilgiris and Anaimudi, respectively, but differs in having smaller stature, creamy or snowy white flowers, a 1.8–2 mm long stout yellow spur arising abruptly from the base of the lip, and a longer and elliptic posterior lobe. Detailed morphological and micro-morphological characters pertaining to pollen and seed trichomes are described and illustrated with colour photographs. This species faces a serious threat of extinction due to its restricted distribution and only a few plants representing the entire population exist. There is need for regular monitoring to assess its risk of vulnerability or endangerment.
Passovia myrsinites a restablished name including Oryctina atrolineata (Loranthaceae)
Authors: CAIRES CLAUDENIR S. , GOMES-BEZERRA KADJA M. , PROENÇA CAROLYN E. B.
Published: July 2017

During our studies of the Brazilian Loranthaceae, an extensive review of names associated to Oryctina and Passovia was carried out. We observed that the leaf architecture and floral structure of Oryctina myrsinites were different from that of other species of the genus. Analyses under Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy showed stellate fiber bundles in the mesophyll, inflorescences formed by sessile triads and laterally excavated filaments. Epicortical roots at the base of the plant were also observed. These characters are diagnostic of Passovia, and we agree with Van Tieghem that Passovia myrsinites is the correct name for this species and have also included Oryctina atrolineata as a new synonym.
Notes on the nomenclature and typification of Festuca marginata subsp. gallica (Poaceae, Loliinae)
Authors: ARDENGHI NICOLA M.G. , FOGGI BRUNO
Published: July 2017

In the course of the systematic revision of the aggregate of Festuca circummediterranea Patzke in Gutermann et al. (1974: 261), in progress by the authors, a nomenclature issue concerning the validity of the combination “Festuca marginata subsp. gallica” proposed by Breistroffer (1966: 79) and its type emerged, which we aimed to resolve in the present contribution.
The dacnusine genus Chorebus Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Alysiinae) from China
Authors: ZHENG MIN-LIN , CHEN JIA-HUA
Published: July 2017

Two new species of the genus Chorebus from the Palaearctic region of China, Chorebus (Etriptes) huangi sp. nov. and Chorebus (Stiphocera) convexiclypeus sp. nov. are described. As well, two newly recorded species, Chorebus (Chorebus) densepunctatus Burghele, Chorebus (Phaenolexis) selene (Nixon), are described and illustrated from the Oriental and Palaearctic regions in China. A key is presented to the subgenera of Chorebus occurring in China.
Three new species of Coccophagus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) from China, with new distributional data for three additional species
Authors: CHEN YE , LI CHENG-DE
Published: July 2017

Six species of Coccophagus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) from China are reviewed, including three new species, C. breviscapus sp. nov., C. distinctus sp. nov., C. tenebrisetus sp. nov., and two species newly recorded from China, C. insidiator (Dalman) and C. lutescens Compere. Coccophagus japonicus Compere is newly recorded from Liaoning Province and is described in detail. A key to Chinese species of Coccophagus based on females is given.
A Successful Practical Experience with Dedicated Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites GOES-10 and -12 Supporting Brazil
Authors: Costa Simone M. S. , Negri Renato G. , Ferreira Nelson J. , Schmit Timothy J. , Arai Nelson , Flauber Wagner , Ceballos Juan , Vila Daniel , Rodrigues Jurandir , Machado Luiz A. , Pereira Sérgio , Bottino Marcus Jorge , Sismanoglu Raffi Agop , Langden Pedro
Published: July 2017

This paper summarizes the successful use of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-10 (GOES-10) and -12 (GOES-12), mainly beyond their retirement as operational satellites in the United States, in support of meteorological activities in South America (SA). These satellites were maneuvered by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to approximately 60°W, enabling other countries in Central and South America to benefit from their ongoing measurements. The extended usefulness of GOES-10 and -12 was only possible as a result of a new image geolocalization system developed by NOAA for correcting image distortions and evaluated in collaboration with the Brazilian National Institute for Space Research. The extension allowed GOES-10 and -12 to monitor SA for an additional 7 years proving the efficiency of this navigation capability implemented for the first time in the GOES series well beyond the expected satellites’ lifetime. Such successful capability is incorporated in the new-generation GOES-R series. This practical and technological experience shows the importance of communication between scientists from the United States and SA for advancing Earth’s monitoring system through the development of novel software and derived products. For SA in particular, GOES-10 and -12 were employed operationally to monitor dry spells, relevant for agriculture and forest fire management and to nowcast severe weather for flash flood warnings. Additionally, GOES-12 detected the first registered tropical hurricane over the Brazilian coast. This paper describes some of the technical and operational challenges faced in extending the GOES-10 and -12 missions to provide coverage over South America and emphasizes the usefulness of their ongoing measurements benefiting Brazilian environmental monitoring.
Nonparametric Estimation of Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) In The Context of Phase I Clinical Trials
Authors: Dewanji Anup , Basak Gopal K. , Biswas Atanu
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT:

With the advent of technology, as there seems to be no reason not to implement a trial with a continuous domain of doses and varying step sizes, we provide a non-parametric methodology for such trials that aims to estimate Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) in the phase I clinical trials. We further provide extensive simulations for logistic and probit models with various parameter values to obtain a pseudo sample size for better design of the trials. We also illustrate a bootstrap method to obtain an estimate of the variance and the bias of our estimator.
Regression Diagnostics for Autocorrelated Models with Moving Average Errors
Authors: Guria Sibnarayan
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT:

Autocorrelation in a regression model is a common phenomenon in most practical studies. The presence of autocorrelated errors require the use of the generalized least-squares technique in estimating the regression coefficients. Using the deletion technique in checking for outliers in such a model leads to the disruption of the error structure. In this paper we take account of this disruption in studying the diagnostics of a regression model whose errors follow a first-order moving average process.