bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing a Social and Communication App, Telephone Intervention, and Usual Care for Diabetes Self-Management: 3-Arm Quasiexperimental Evaluation Study
Authors: Chiu Ching-Ju , Yu Yung-Chen , Du Ye-Fong , Yang Yi-Ching , Chen Jou-Yin , Wong Li-Ping , Tanasugarn Chanuantong
Published: March 2020

Background

Many technology-assisted innovations have been used to manage disease. However, most of these innovations are not broadly used by older adults due to their cost. Additionally, disease management through technology-assisted innovations has not been compared with other interventions.

Objective

In this study, we tested the employment of a free and widely used social and communication app to help older adults with diabetes manage their distress and glycemic control. We also compared the effectiveness of the app with 2 other methods, namely telephone and conventional health education, and determined which subgroup experiences the most effects within each intervention.

Methods

Adults aged ≥50 years with type 2 diabetes were recruited from Southern Taiwan (N=231) and were allocated to different 3-month interventions. Informed consent was obtained at the Ministry of Science and Technology and approved by the National Cheng Kung University Hospital Institutional Review Board (No. A-ER-102-425).

Results

Participants in the mobile-based group had significant reductions in hemoglobin A1c compared with the telephone-based and usual care groups (mean changes of –0.4%, 0.1%, and 0.03%, respectively; P=.02). Diabetes-specific distress decreased to a greater extent in the mobile-based group compared to the other 2 groups (mean changes of –5.16, –3.49, and –2.44, respectively, P=.02). Subgroup analyses further revealed that the effects on reducing blood glucose levels in the social and communication app groups were especially evident in patients with lower distress scores, and diabetes-related distress was especially evident in participants who were younger than 60 years or had higher educational levels.

Conclusions

The findings of this study inform more flexible use of social and communication apps with in-person diabetes education and counselling.
Inferring Sexually Transmitted Infection Risk From Attractiveness in Online Dating Among Adolescents and Young Adults: Exploratory Study
Authors: Krishnamurti Tamar , Davis Alexander L , Fischhoff Baruch
Published: March 2020

Background

Sexually transmitted infection (STI) rates are on the rise among adolescents and young adults in the United States. With the popularity of online dating, adolescents and young adults must increasingly rely on limited cues to make initial judgments about potential sexual partners, including judgments about STI risk.

Objective

This study aimed to assess whether in the context of online dating, an attractiveness heuristic would be used for STI risk assessment. We hypothesized that consistent with research on halo effects, decision makers would judge more attractive people to be less likely to have STIs.

Methods

In a survey experiment, we asked participants to determine which individual in each of 20 sets of paired photographs was enrolled in a personals website for people with publicly disclosed STIs.

Results

Despite financial incentives for accuracy and high levels of self-confidence in their judgments, participants performed no better than chance at identifying individuals with self-reported STIs. Contrary to our hypothesis, however, more attractive people were judged as being more likely to have an STI. This relationship appears to be mediated by inferences regarding the target individual’s sexual behavior, with more attractive individuals considered to have more partners.

Conclusions

On showing adolescents and young adults photographs offering no diagnostic information about STIs, they appeared to use attractiveness as a cue for sexual risk, which was mediated by the belief that attractive individuals have more sexual opportunities. Health care providers may wish to address this heuristic process among their adolescent patients in discussions about sexual health.
Feasibility of Assessing Economic and Sexual Risk Behaviors Using Text Message Surveys in African-American Young Adults Experiencing Homelessness and Unemployment: Single-Group Study
Authors: Jennings Mayo-Wilson Larissa , Glass Nancy E , Labrique Alain , Davoust Melissa , Ssewamala Fred M , Linnemayr Sebastian , Johnson Matthew W
Published: March 2020

Background

Text messages offer the potential to better evaluate HIV behavioral interventions using repeated longitudinal measures at a lower cost and research burden. However, they have been underused in US minority settings.

Objective

This study aims to examine the feasibility of assessing economic and sexual risk behaviors using text message surveys.

Methods

We conducted a single-group study with 17 African-American young adults, aged 18-24 years, who were economically disadvantaged and reported prior unprotected sex. Participants received a text message survey once each week for 5 weeks. The survey contained 14 questions with yes-no and numeric responses on sexual risk behaviors (ie, condomless sex, sex while high or drunk, and sex exchange) and economic behaviors (ie, income, employment, and money spent on HIV services or products). Feasibility measures were the number of participants who responded to the survey in a given week, the number of questions to which a participant responded in each survey, and the number of hours spent from sending a survey to participants to receiving their response in a given week. One discussion group was used to obtain feedback.

Results

Overall, 65% (n=11/17) of the participants responded to at least one text message survey compared with 35% (n=6/17) of the participants who did not respond. The majority (n=7/11, 64%) of the responders were women. The majority (n=4/6, 67%) of nonresponders were men. An average of 7.6 participants (69%) responded in a given week. Response rates among ever responders ranged from 64% to 82% across the study period. The mean number of questions answered each week was 12.6 (SD 2.7; 90% of all questions), ranging from 72% to 100%. An average of 6.4 participants (84%) answered all 14 text message questions in a given week, ranging from 57% to 100%. Participants responded approximately 8.7 hours (SD 10.3) after receiving the survey. Participants were more likely to answer questions related to employment, condomless sex, and discussions with sex partners. Nonresponse or skip was more often used for questions at the end of the survey relating to sex exchange and money spent on HIV prevention services or products. Strengths of the text message survey were convenience, readability, short completion time, having repeated measures over time, and having incentives.

Conclusions

Longitudinal text message surveys may be a valuable tool for assessing HIV-related economic and sexual risk behaviors.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03237871; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03237871
Reliability, Feasibility, and Patient Acceptance of an Electronic Version of a Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire for Routine Rheumatology Care: Validation and Patient Preference Study
Authors: Pincus Theodore , Castrejon Isabel , Riad Mariam , Obreja Elena , Lewis Candice , Krogh Niels Steen
Published: March 2020

Background

A multidimensional health assessment questionnaire (MDHAQ) that was developed primarily for routine rheumatology care has advanced clinical research concerning disease burden, disability, and mortality in rheumatic diseases. Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID3), an index within the MDHAQ, is the most widely used index to assess rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in clinical care in the United States, and it recognizes clinical status changes in all studied rheumatic diseases. MDHAQ physical function scores are far more significant in the prognosis of premature RA mortality than laboratory or imaging data. However, electronic medical records (EMRs) generally do not include patient questionnaires. An electronic MDHAQ (eMDHAQ), linked by fast healthcare interoperability resources (FIHR) to an EMR, can facilitate clinical and research advances.

Objective

This study analyzed the reliability, feasibility, and patient acceptance of an eMDHAQ.

Methods

Since 2006, all Rush University Medical Center rheumatology patients with all diagnoses have been asked to complete a paper MDHAQ at each routine care encounter. In April 2019, patients were invited to complete an eMDHAQ at the conclusion of the encounter. Analyses were conducted to determine the reliability of eMDHAQ versus paper MDHAQ scores, arithmetically and by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The feasibility of the eMDHAQ was analyzed based on the time for patient completion. The patient preference for the electronic or paper version was analyzed through a patient paper questionnaire.

Results

The 98 study patients were a typical routine rheumatology patient group. Seven paper versus eMDHAQ scores were within 2%, differences neither clinically nor statistically significant. ICCs of 0.86-0.98 also indicated good to excellent reliability. Mean eMDHAQ completion time was a feasible 8.2 minutes. The eMDHAQ was preferred by 72% of patients; preferences were similar according to age and educational level.

Conclusions

The results on a paper MDHAQ versus eMDHAQ were similar. Most patients preferred an eMDHAQ.
Patient-Centric Scheduling With the Implementation of Health Information Technology to Improve the Patient Experience and Access to Care: Retrospective Case-Control Analysis
Authors: Chung Sukyung , Martinez Meghan C , Frosch Dominick L , Jones Veena G , Chan Albert S
Published: March 2020

Background

Cancellations and rescheduling of doctor’s appointments are common. An automated rescheduling system has the potential to facilitate the rescheduling process so that newly opened slots are promptly filled by patients who need and can take the slot. Building on an existing online patient portal, a large health care system adopted an automated rescheduling system, Fast Pass, that sends out an earlier appointment offer to patients via email or SMS text messaging and allows patients to reschedule their appointment through the online portal.

Objective

We examined the uptake of Fast Pass at its early stage of implementation. We assessed program features and patient and visit characteristics associated with higher levels of Fast Pass utilization and the association between Fast Pass use and no-show and cancellation rates.

Methods

This study was a retrospective analysis of Fast Pass offers sent between July and December 2018. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the independent contribution of program, patient, and visit characteristics on the likelihood of accepting an offer. We then assessed the appointment outcome (completion, cancellation, or no-show) of Fast Pass offered appointments compared to appointments with the same patient and visit characteristics, but without an offer.

Results

Of 177,311 Fast Pass offers sent, 14,717 (8.3%) were accepted. Overall, there was a 1.3 percentage point (38%) reduction in no-show rates among Fast Pass accepted appointments compared to other appointments with matching characteristics (P<.001). The offers were more likely to be accepted if they were sent in the evening (versus early morning), the first (versus repeated) offer for the same appointment, for a slot 1-31 days ahead (versus same-day), for later in a day (versus before 10am), for a primary care (versus specialty) visit, sent via SMS text messaging (versus email only), for an appointment made through the online patient portal (versus via phone call or in-person), or for younger adults aged 18-49 years (versus those aged 65 years or older; all at P<.001). Factors negatively associated with offer acceptance were a higher number of comorbidities (P=.02) and visits scheduled for chronic conditions (versus acute conditions only; P=.002).

Conclusions

An automated rescheduling system can improve patients’ access by reducing wait times for an appointment, with an added benefit of reducing no-shows by serving as a reminder of an upcoming appointment. Future modifications, such as increasing the adoption of SMS text messaging offers and targeting older adults or patients with complex conditions, may make the system more patient-centered and help promote wider utilization.
Patient Work and Their Contexts: Scoping Review
Authors: Yin Kathleen , Jung Joshua , Coiera Enrico , Laranjo Liliana , Blandford Ann , Khoja Adeel , Tai Wan-Tien , Phillips Daniel Psillakis , Lau Annie Y S
Published: March 2020

Background

Having patients self-manage their health conditions is a widely promoted concept, but many patients struggle to practice it effectively. Moreover, few studies have analyzed the nature of work required from patients and how such work fits into the context of their daily life.

Objective

This study aimed to review the characteristics of patient work in adult patients. Patient work refers to tasks that health conditions impose on patients (eg, taking medications) within a system of contextual factors.

Methods

A systematic scoping review was conducted using narrative synthesis. Data were extracted from PubMed, Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and PsycINFO, including studies from August 2013 to August 2018. The included studies focused on adult patients and assessed one or more of the following: (1) physical health–related tasks, (2) cognitive health–related tasks, or (3) contextual factors affecting these tasks. Tasks were categorized according to the themes that emerged: (1) if the task is always visible to others or can be cognitive, (2) if the task must be conducted collaboratively or can be conducted alone, and (3) if the task was done with the purpose of creating resources. Contextual factors were grouped according to the level at which they exert influence (micro, meso, or macro) and where they fit in the patient work system (the macroergonomic layer of physical, social, and organizational factors; the mesoergonomic layer of household and community; and the microergonomic triad of person-task-tools).

Results

In total, 67 publications were included, with 58 original research articles and 9 review articles. A variety of patient work tasks were observed, ranging from physical and tangible tasks (such as taking medications and visiting health care professionals) to psychological and social tasks (such as creating coping strategies). Patient work was affected by a range of contextual factors on the micro, meso, or macro levels. Our results indicate that most patient work was done alone, in private, and often imposing cognitive burden with low amounts of support.

Conclusions

This review sought to provide insight into the work burden of health management from a patient perspective and how patient context influences such work. For many patients, health-related work is ever present, invisible, and overwhelming. When researchers and clinicians design and implement patient-facing interventions, it is important to understand how the extra work impacts one’s internal state and coping strategy, how such work fits into daily routines, and if these changes could be maintained in the long term.
User Perceptions of Different Electronic Cigarette Flavors on Social Media: Observational Study
Authors: Lu Xinyi , Chen Long , Yuan Jianbo , Luo Joyce , Luo Jiebo , Xie Zidian , Li Dongmei
Published: March 2020

Background

The number of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) users has been increasing rapidly in recent years, especially among youth and young adults. More e-cigarette products have become available, including e-liquids with various brands and flavors. Various e-liquid flavors have been frequently discussed by e-cigarette users on social media.

Objective

This study aimed to examine the longitudinal prevalence of mentions of electronic cigarette liquid (e-liquid) flavors and user perceptions on social media.

Methods

We applied a data-driven approach to analyze the trends and macro-level user sentiments of different e-cigarette flavors on social media. With data collected from web-based stores, e-liquid flavors were classified into categories in a flavor hierarchy based on their ingredients. The e-cigarette–related posts were collected from social media platforms, including Reddit and Twitter, using e-cigarette–related keywords. The temporal trend of mentions of e-liquid flavor categories was compiled using Reddit data from January 2013 to April 2019. Twitter data were analyzed using a sentiment analysis from May to August 2019 to explore the opinions of e-cigarette users toward each flavor category.

Results

More than 1000 e-liquid flavors were classified into 7 major flavor categories. The fruit and sweets categories were the 2 most frequently discussed e-liquid flavors on Reddit, contributing to approximately 58% and 15%, respectively, of all flavor-related posts. We showed that mentions of the fruit flavor category had a steady overall upward trend compared with other flavor categories that did not show much change over time. Results from the sentiment analysis demonstrated that most e-liquid flavor categories had significant positive sentiments, except for the beverage and tobacco categories.

Conclusions

The most updated information about the popular e-liquid flavors mentioned on social media was investigated, which showed that the prevalence of mentions of e-liquid flavors and user perceptions on social media were different. Fruit was the most frequently discussed flavor category on social media. Our study provides valuable information for future regulation of flavored e-cigarettes.
Internet and Health Information Technology Use and Psychological Distress Among Older Adults With Self-Reported Vision Impairment: Case-Control Study
Authors: Choi Namkee G , DiNitto Diana M , Lee Othelia EunKyoung , Choi Bryan Y
Published: March 2020

Background

The number of older adults with vision impairment (VI) is growing. As health care services increasingly call for patients to use technology, it is important to examine internet/health information technology (HIT) use among older adults with VI.

Objective

This study aimed to examine (1) the rates of internet/HIT use among older adults with VI compared with a matched sample of their peers without VI, (2) associations of VI with internet/HIT use, and (3) association of HIT use with psychological distress, assessed with the Kessler-6 screen.

Methods

Data were obtained from the 2013 to 2018 US National Health Interview Survey. Older adults (aged ≥65 years) with self-reported VI were matched with older adults without VI, in a 1:1 ratio, based on age, sex, number of chronic medical conditions, and functional limitations (N=2866). Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression models, with sociodemographic factors, health conditions, health insurance type, and health care service use as covariates, were used to examine the research questions.

Results

In total, 3.28% of older adults (compared with 0.84% of those aged 18-64 years) reported VI, and 25.7% of them were aged ≥85 years. Those with VI were significantly more socioeconomically disadvantaged than those without VI and less likely to use the internet (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.64, 95% CI0.49-0.83) and HIT (aOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.56-0.97). However, among internet users, VI was not associated with HIT use. HIT use was associated with lower odds of mild/moderate or serious psychological distress (aOR 0.62, 95% CI 0.43-0.90), whereas VI was associated with greater odds of mild/moderate or serious distress (aOR 1.84, 95% CI 1.36-2.49). Health care provider contacts were also associated with higher odds of internet or HIT use.

Conclusions

Compared with their matched age peers without VI, older adults with VI are less likely to use HIT because they are less likely to use the internet. Socioeconomically disadvantaged older adults experiencing a digital divide need help to access information and communication technologies through a fee waiver or subsidy to cover internet equipment and subscription and ensure continuous connectivity. Older adults with VI who do not know how to use the internet/HIT but want to learn should be provided instruction, with special attention to accessibility features and adaptive devices. Older adults with a low income also need better access to preventive eye care and treatment of VI as well as other health care services.
General Model for COVID-19 Spreading With Consideration of Intercity Migration, Insufficient Testing, and Active Intervention: Modeling Study of Pandemic Progression in Japan and the United States (Preprint)
Authors: Zhan Choujun , Tse Chi Kong , Lai Zhikang , Chen Xiaoyun , Mo Mingshen
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) began to spread in mid-December 2019 from Wuhan, China, to most provinces in China and over 200 other countries through an active travel network. Limited by the ability of the country or city to perform tests, the officially reported number of confirmed cases is expected to be much smaller than the true number of infected cases.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to develop a new susceptible-exposed-infected-confirmed-removed (SEICR) model for predicting the spreading progression of COVID-19 with consideration of intercity travel and the difference between the number of confirmed cases and actual infected cases, and to apply the model to provide a realistic prediction for the United States and Japan under different scenarios of active intervention.

METHODS

The model introduces a new state variable corresponding to the actual number of infected cases, integrates intercity travel data to track the movement of exposed and infected individuals among cities, and allows different levels of active intervention to be considered so that a realistic prediction of the number of infected individuals can be performed. Moreover, the model generates future progression profiles for different levels of intervention by setting the parameters relative to the values found from the data fitting.

RESULTS

By fitting the model with the data of the COVID-19 infection cases and the intercity travel data for Japan (January 15 to March 20, 2020) and the United States (February 20 to March 20, 2020), model parameters were found and then used to predict the pandemic progression in 47 regions of Japan and 50 states (plus a federal district) in the United States. The model revealed that, as of March 19, 2020, the number of infected individuals in Japan and the United States could be 20-fold and 5-fold as many as the number of confirmed cases, respectively. The results showed that, without tightening the implementation of active intervention, Japan and the United States will see about 6.55% and 18.2% of the population eventually infected, respectively, and with a drastic 10-fold elevated active intervention, the number of people eventually infected can be reduced by up to 95% in Japan and 70% in the United States.

CONCLUSIONS

The new SEICR model has revealed the effectiveness of active intervention for controlling the spread of COVID-19. Stepping up active intervention would be more effective for Japan, and raising the level of public vigilance in maintaining personal hygiene and social distancing is comparatively more important for the United States.
Secure Record Linkage of Large Health Data Sets: Evaluation of a Hybrid Cloud Model (Preprint)
Authors: Brown Adrian Paul , Randall Sean M
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND

The linking of administrative data across agencies provides the capability to investigate many health and social issues with the potential to deliver significant public benefit. Despite its advantages, the use of cloud computing resources for linkage purposes is scarce, with the storage of identifiable information on cloud infrastructure assessed as high risk by data custodians.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to present a model for record linkage that utilizes cloud computing capabilities while assuring custodians that identifiable data sets remain secure and local.

METHODS

A new hybrid cloud model was developed, including privacy-preserving record linkage techniques and container-based batch processing. An evaluation of this model was conducted with a prototype implementation using large synthetic data sets representative of administrative health data.

RESULTS

The cloud model kept identifiers on premises and uses privacy-preserved identifiers to run all linkage computations on cloud infrastructure. Our prototype used a managed container cluster in Amazon Web Services to distribute the computation using existing linkage software. Although the cost of computation was relatively low, the use of existing software resulted in an overhead of processing of 35.7% (149/417 min execution time).

CONCLUSIONS

The result of our experimental evaluation shows the operational feasibility of such a model and the exciting opportunities for advancing the analysis of linkage outputs.
Peer-to-Peer Contact Tracing: Development of a Privacy-Preserving Smartphone App (Preprint)
Authors: Yasaka Tyler M , Lehrich Brandon M , Sahyouni Ronald
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an urgent public health crisis, with epidemiologic models predicting severe consequences, including high death rates, if the virus is permitted to run its course without any intervention or response. Contact tracing using smartphone technology is a powerful tool that may be employed to limit disease transmission during an epidemic or pandemic; yet, contact tracing apps present significant privacy concerns regarding the collection of personal data such as location.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to develop an effective contact tracing smartphone app that respects user privacy by not collecting location information or other personal data.

METHODS

We propose the use of an anonymized graph of interpersonal interactions to conduct a novel form of contact tracing and have developed a proof-of-concept smartphone app that implements this approach. Additionally, we developed a computer simulation model that demonstrates the impact of our proposal on epidemic or pandemic outbreak trajectories across multiple rates of adoption.

RESULTS

Our proof-of-concept smartphone app allows users to create “checkpoints” for contact tracing, check their risk level based on their past interactions, and anonymously self-report a positive status to their peer network. Our simulation results suggest that higher adoption rates of such an app may result in a better controlled epidemic or pandemic outbreak.

CONCLUSIONS

Our proposed smartphone-based contact tracing method presents a novel solution that preserves privacy while demonstrating the potential to suppress an epidemic or pandemic outbreak. This app could potentially be applied to the current COVID-19 pandemic as well as other epidemics or pandemics in the future to achieve a middle ground between drastic isolation measures and unmitigated disease spread.
Fake News and Social Media about SARS-CoV-2: Insights from Peru (Preprint)
Authors: Alvarez-Risco Aldo , Mejia Christian R. , Delgado-Zegarra Jaime , Del-Aguila-Arcentales Shyla , Arce-Esquivel Arturo A. , Valladares-Garrido Mario J. , Rosas del Portal Mauricio , Villegas León , Curioso Walter H. , Yáñez Jaime A.
Published: March 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Fake news has become a common practice in recent years, which is facilitated by the overwhelming use of social media by the general public. This viewpoint paper aims to analyze a selection of fake news disseminated in Peru about SARS-CoV-2 and we propose specific strategies to deal with it. In the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the need for providing official and timely information is key in the control and management of the COVID-19 disease. However, health authorities are struggling not only with providing proper patients’ care, but also dealing with appropriate risk communication given the massive spread of misinformation and fake news. Inadequate health literacy and lack of digital health literacy skills might worsen the problem. There is an urgent need to build capacity in schools and promote trusted sources in Peru and to educate on digital health literacy to combat misinformation from social media venues.
La influencia de las nuevas tecnologías en la documentación del proceso penal español
Authors: Ramirez Benavente Maria Dolores
Published: March 2020

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la incidencia que las nuevas tecnologías han tenido en la documentación procesal, especialmente, en el acta del juicio oral. Así mismo, se examinará la incidencia de estas tecnologías en el derecho al recurso de las partes y su conexión con los derechos fundamentales de carácter procesal. Con carácter ilustrativo se plantea el problema del acta defectuosa, como causa de la nulidad del proceso judicial y posible supuesto de responsabilidad patrimonial de la Administración.
Prisão cautelar, argumentação e proporcionalidade: uma proposta para a fundamentação das decisões judiciais
Authors: Arcangelo Fedato Matheus , Kazmierczak Luiz Fernando
Published: March 2020

A pesquisa busca solucionar o problema da falta de um modelo adequado para a fundamentação das decisões que tratam sobre prisões cautelares tendo em vista a sua inadequada aplicação prática. Utiliza-se como hipótese um modelo argumentativo baseado na proporcionalidade e apresentado em forma de axiomas, o qual seria capaz de resolver o problema da fundamentação, pois atrelado a preservação de direitos fundamentais. Objetiva-se, então, estabelecer um modelo para a fundamentação de decisões judiciais que tratam sobre prisões cautelares com vistas a reduzir a discricionariedade. Para atingir o objetivo do estudo, foi empregado o método dedutivo, além dos meios de pesquisa eletrônico e bibliográfico. As pesquisas se deram por meio de doutrinas gerais e específicas sobre o assunto, bem como artigos científicos. Como referencial teórico utiliza-se a doutrina de Robert Alexy, de Luigi Ferrajoli, bem como a crítica hermenêutica do direito de Lenio Streck. Conclui-se pela necessária utilização da proporcionalidade a partir de uma leitura da hermenêutica filosófica pela decisão que decreta ou mantém prisões cautelares, sendo sempre necessário atentar-se para a gravidade da medida imposta e o fim que ela procura tutelar. Não se deve admitir medidas inadequadas, desnecessárias ou extremamente gravosas, devendo-se observar as circunstâncias concretas do fato, sendo incabíveis motivações genéricas e abstratas.
O regime jurídico do juízo de admissibilidade dos recursos criminais dirigidos aos Tribunais Superiores conforme o CPC/2015
Authors: Rocha Jr. Francisco de Assis do Rêgo Monteiro
Published: March 2020

A gradual implantação de um modelo de precedentes no sistema jurídico brasileiro não foi formalmente inserida no Código de Processo Penal (CPP). Nada obstante, é de se debater se os efeitos desse novo paradigma também estão (ou estarão) sendo sentidos na seara processual penal. Para além de todos os temas que poderiam ser discutidos a partir dessa perspectiva, no presente artigo enfrentaremos especificamente as modificações do regime jurídico do juízo de admissibilidade dos recursos especiais e extraordinários criminais, com o advento do Código de Processo Civil (CPC 2015). Trata-se de discussão a qual deve o processo penal se voltar, tendo-se em conta suas importantíssimas aplicações e desdobramentos práticos para as partes que galgam as cortes superiores, bem como para os respectivos órgãos julgadores. A hipótese da qual partimos é a de que houve efetivas mudanças na forma como os recursos criminais dirigidos aos tribunais superiores devem ser elaborados e julgados em virtude do CPC/15. Para tanto, apresentaremos os resultados da análise realizada da legislação aplicável, da jurisprudência que tem sido produzida sobre o tema, bem como apresentaremos as contribuições de autores que já se debruçaram sobre tal temática.
A influência dos elementos de informação do inquérito policial na fundamentação da sentença penal condenatória: uma análise das sentenças prolatadas pelas varas criminais de Maceió/AL
Authors: Sampaio André Rocha , Ribeiro Marcelo Herval Macêdo , Ferreira Amanda Assis
Published: March 2020

O presente artigo propõe apresentar a frequência de utilização do inquérito policial enquanto parte da fundamentação de sentenças judiciais provenientes das Varas Criminais Residuais da cidade de Maceió - Alagoas, a fim de desvelar o funcionamento inquisitório e, portanto, antidemocrático, do devido processo penal. Partindo de uma pergunta-problema de cariz empírico, qual seja, “o inquérito policial é utilizado na fundamentação de sentenças judiciais?”, foram adotadas técnicas metodológicas também empíricas: a análise de fluxo do sistema de justiça criminal e a utilização de um instrumento quali-quanti. Para tanto, o desenvolvimento da pesquisa em questão fora dividido em três principais momentos, a saber: a delimitação do objeto, a coleta de dados e, por fim, a análise dos dados coletados. Após tal investigação, restou demonstrada a efetiva utilização dos elementos informativos na fundamentação das sentenças, visto que em 80,6% dos casos, (correspondente a 369 processos) o magistrado se utilizou expressamentede algum elemento informativo produzido durante as investigações preliminares, sendo, deste total, cerca de 91% (336) dos processos referentes a sentenças condenatórias. Assim sendo, conflui-se para a confirmação dos problemas que permeiam o art. 155 do Código de Processo Penal, quando inseridos num sistema de teor essencialmente inquisitório.
Achieving Defense by Means of Forensic Science During the Criminal Proceedings in Romania
Authors: Magherescu Delia
Published: March 2020

The function of defense during the criminal proceedings in Romania is the result of traditional separation of the three procedural functions of accusation, judgement and defense. Exceeding the barriers of the contradictory principles the penal procedure in Romania features, the investigation bodies are interested in finding truth in penal cases and solving them legally and substantially. Both constitutive parts are achieved in criminal proceedings based on genuine evidence gathered legally from the crime scene. The current paper aims to identify elements which contribute to achieving the function of defense during the criminal proceedings in Romania by approaching and implementing tools and scientific techniques provided by forensic science. In reaching the study's proposed objectives, a mixed research methodology has been used consisting of qualitative methods.
A investigação criminal direta pela defesa – instrumento de qualificação do debate probatório na relação processual penal
Authors: Silva Franklyn Roger Alves
Published: March 2020

O presente artigo examina a investigação criminal defensiva no sistema jurídico brasileiro como um instrumento necessário à qualificação da atividade probatória defensiva no processo penal. Apesar da falta de regulamentação normativa da possibilidade de busca de elementos de formação do convencimento pela defesa, o presente estudo demonstra o potencial do processo penal brasileiro a partir da experiência italiana e norte-americana e a recente regulamentação através de normativa OAB.
Editorial – Autoria e coautoria de trabalhos científicos: discussões sobre critérios para legitimação de coautoria e parâmetros de integridade científica
Authors: Vasconcellos Vinicius Gomes de
Published: March 2020

Este trabalho pretende analisar a temática da autoria e coautoria de artigos científicos, especialmente em relação ao campo do Direito. Basicamente, almeja-se responder: quando um pesquisador pode, legitimamente, ser indicado como coautor de um artigo científico? Trata-se de questão pertinente, tendo em vista os impactos acadêmicos, sociais e econômicos da definição de autoria, além da importância em termos de responsabilização e integridade da produção científica. Assim, serão analisados os critérios de coautoria e as diretrizes básicas sobre a temática.
Avaliação psicológica de agressores sexuais no contexto brasileiro: instrumentos e perspectivas
Authors: Lira-Cardoso Álice , Medeiros Silva Gabriella , Pinto Siqueira Campos Thiago , Monteiro Ciraulo Lizandra , Amorim Gaudêncio Bezerra Carmen Walentina
Published: March 2020

A avaliação clínica forense é um processo ético-técnico-científico que investiga os processos psicológicos (emocionais, cognitivos e comportamentais), de um ou mais indivíduos, envolvidos em um delito, visando satisfazer a uma demanda do contexto legal. Este artigo objetivou trazer à tona a situação atual da avaliação psicológica no contexto forense brasileiro, com o foco nos “agressores sexuais”. Para tal, realizou-se uma revisão narrativa da literatura científica nacional por meio de artigos e capítulos de livros, com atenção aos componentes metodológicos da avaliação psicológica (entrevista e testagem psicológica propriamente dita) sobre a avaliação de personalidade, do risco de violência e da reincidência criminal, da agressividade, de psicopatia e da impulsividade, variáveis implicadas nesse contexto. Além disso, observou-se o embasamento legal para a atuação do psicólogo forense nos âmbitos regidos pelo Código Penal, pelo Código Processual Penal e pela Lei de Execução Penal. Os resultados apontam para uma escassez científica e metodológica nacional, sobre a avaliação dos agressores sexuais. Entretanto, os estudos desenvolvidos estão avançando no sentido de dirimir tal lacuna, de modo que quanto mais experiência no contexto legal, mais apto estará o psicólogo forense a satisfazer as demandas jurídicas.
Investigação defensiva corporativa: um estudo do Provimento 188/2018 e de sua eventual aplicação para as investigações internas de pessoas jurídicas
Authors: Canestraro Anna Carolina , Januário Túlio Felippe Xavier
Published: March 2020

Pretende-se com o presente trabalho, analisar o Provimento 188/2018 do Conselho Federal da Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil e suas possíveis implicações nas investigações internas, que , apesar de sua importância, ainda carecem de regulamentação. Para tanto, estudaremos separadamente os fundamentos, objetivos e procedimentos das investigações defensivas e das investigações internas, demonstrando que a proximidade entre estes institutos permite identificar entre eles, uma verdadeira relação de gênero-espécie. A partir dessas considerações, averiguaremos, no tópico derradeiro, a possível aplicação das disposições previstas pelo Provimento também para as investigações internas, corroborando a tese de que esta normativa não apenas é aplicável a estes procedimentos já amplamente existentes no Brasil, como ainda representa um importante passo no que toca a regulamentação de seus instrumentos concretos e limites de utilização.
La producción de prueba de descargo por parte de la defensa en el proceso penal en Argentina durante la etapa de instrucción o investigación. Un análisis comparativo entre procesos inquisitivos y acusatorios
Authors: Vargas Nicolás Omar
Published: March 2020

A partir del análisis de tres sistemas procesales vigentes en Argentina - el que existe a nivel federal y nacional, el de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires y el de la Provincia de Buenos Aires - que a su vez responden a diferentes modelos procesales - inquisitivo reformado, acusatorio de primera generación y acusatorio de segunda generación - pretendo dar cuenta de las similitudes y diferencias que existen en lo relativo al derecho de la defensa a producir prueba de descargo durante la primer etapa del proceso, es decir la etapa de instrucción o investigación según corresponda. Para poder realizar ello voy a responder a las siguientes preguntas ¿De qué manera está regulado el derecho de la defensa a producir prueba de descargo en la etapa de instrucción o de investigación?, para luego responder ¿Existen continuidades del modelo inquisitivo en los procesos acusatorios?
A introdução do juiz das garantias no Brasil e o inquérito policial eletrônico
Authors: Régnier Chemim Guimarães Rodrigo , Ribeiro Sarah
Published: March 2020

Considera-se “juiz das garantias” o magistrado que atua apenas na fase de investigação, avaliando a legalidade dos atos e decidindo medidas cautelares pessoais e reais. Sua adoção procura evitar a contaminação psicológica do magistrado que julgará eventual processo. Introduzido, no Brasil, pela Lei 13.964/2019, está sendo questionado em quatro ações diretas de inconstitucionalidade. Em decisão liminar, o ministro Fux acolheu a pretensão de suspensão das regras inseridas no Código de Processo Penal, por período indeterminado. Dentre elas, o art. 3º-D, que propõea criação de um sistema de rodízio de magistrados nas comarcas em que funcionar apenas um juiz, como solução para a viabilizar a presença do “juiz das garantias” no interior do país. O argumento central para essa decisão, foi a indevida ingerência do Poder Legislativo na autonomia orçamentária e de auto-gestão do Judiciário, somada, tanto ao elevado custo de contratação de novos magistrados, promotores, delegados e defensores públicos, quanto aos gastos rotineiros com diárias em deslocamentos físicos destes profissionais. O presente artigo visa a apresentar a adoção do inquérito policial eletrônico como atenuante para os custos de implantação do “juiz das garantias” no Brasil, neutralizando a discussão de constitucionalidade do art. 3º-D no Supremo Tribunal Federal.
Aspectos críticos da expansão das possibilidades de recursos tecnológicos na investigação criminal: a inteligência artificial no âmbito do sistema de controle e de punição
Authors: França Júnior Francisco De Assis de , Leitão Santos Bruno Cavalcante , Nascimento Felipe Costa Laurindo do
Published: March 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo principal analisar criticamente as potenciais influências negativas da utilização de novas tecnologias no sistema de controle e de punição. Dada a quantidade de ferramentas atualmente gestadas, tanto pelos governos quanto pela iniciativa privada, optamos por uma análise do tipo panorâmica, propondo inicialmente uma espécie de cenário possível da dinâmica do processo de investigação. O problema central com o qual nos preocupamos é a expansão da intervenção estatal e privada nas liberdades individuais, o que se reflete na restrição de garantias processuais, atingindo diretamente a dignidade da pessoa humana, mesmo que se argumente a necessidade de uma paridade entre acusação e defesa. Partindo-se de uma pontual revisão bibliográfica sobre a utilização de máquinas com inteligência artificial na investigação, articulando literatura situada entre a tecnologia e o direito, com base principal no método hipotético dedutivo, concluímos não pela necessidade de expandir, mas de limitar, em praticamente todos os aspectos, a utilização de máquinas com inteligência artificial e a disseminação de potenciais investigadores criminais.
Editorial do dossiê “Reformas da investigação preliminar e a investigação defensiva no processo penal” - Investigação preliminar: desafios e perspectivas
Authors: Saad Marta
Published: March 2020

Este editorial analisa as funções e finalidades da investigação preliminar e os atos que são praticados nessa fase, provisórios ou definitivos. Cuida da influência desta etapa na ação penal e do exercício do direito de defesa, assim como da investigação defensiva. O editorial dialoga com os autores do dossiê, apresentando os textos.
Walter A. Jackson's 'Gunnar Myrdal and America's Conscience: Social Engineering and Racial Liberalism, 1938-1987'
Authors: Thomsen Christen K.
Published: March 2020

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Erik Åsard's 'Janusansiktet - Amerikansk populism i historisk belysning'
Authors: Bjerre-Poulsen Niels
Published: March 2020

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Saul Bellow's Moral Masochists
Authors: Schøtt-Kristensen Lene
Published: March 2020

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Carnival and Black American Music as Counterculture in Toni Morrison's 'The Bluest Eye' and 'Jazz'
Authors: Søfting Inger-Anne
Published: March 2020

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Mary Rowlandson's Captivity Narrative as Confessional Literature: "After Such Knowledge, What Forgiveness?"
Authors: Zanger Jules
Published: March 2020

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(Re-)Writing the History of the New Left: A Critical Appraisal of New Left Historiography
Authors: Bech-Petersen Ole
Published: March 2020

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Kevin P. Philips' 'Arrogant Capital: Washington, Wall Street, and the Frustration of American Politics
Authors: Åsard Erik
Published: March 2020

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Colin Escott, with George Merritt and William MacEwen's 'Hank Williams: The Biography'
Authors: Ammerman Brooks
Published: March 2020

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From the Book Review editor
Authors: Carter Dale
Published: March 2020

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Contributors
Authors: In Scandinavia American Studies
Published: March 2020

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Patricia Sullivan's 'Days of Hope: Race and Democracy in the New Deal Era
Authors: Pedersen Carl
Published: March 2020

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FORMULASI KRIM ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK DAUN KAPAS (Gossypium sp.)
Authors: Hasniar Hasniar , Yusriadi Yusriadi , Khumaidi Akhmad
Published: March 2020

Gossypium sp. leaf is one of the plants that contain flavonoids that can act as antioxidants. This study aims to look at the effect of combination of the stearic acid and triethanolamine which function as emulsifier in creams and determine antioxidant activity of cream Gossypium sp. leaf extract. Cream is formulated with a variety of stearic acid and triethanolamine emulsifier that F1 (8%: 2%), F2 (12%: 3%), F3 (16%: 4%). Tests carried out at the first day and the 28th days. Evaluation preparations include organoleptic test, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, and type of the cream. The results showed that the variation of concentration emulsifier that fill quality preparations with some parameters such as organoleptic, homogeneity, the type of cream and viscosity. pH of cream does not qualify are 4.5-6, but still in the neutral pH range (pH ± 7). Antioxidant activity of the cream has a large reduce power at the first day DPPH reduce percent value for F1, F2, and F3 are 80,73%, 83,05% and 83,51% respectively, while after the storage at the 28th days DPPH reduce percent value for F1, F2, and F3 are 80,43%, 82,49% and 79,02% respectively. Preparation creams that fill physical quality cream is F1 by using emulsifier triethanolamine and stearic acid with a concentration of 8%: 2%
ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA FLAVONOID DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH BELIMBING WULUH (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) DENGAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS
Authors: Hamdanah Siti , Anam Syariful , Jamaluddin Jamaluddin
Published: March 2020

Star fruits (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) from family of oxalidaceae is a plant which has potential as an antibacterial Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Flavonoid are the active compounds from the extract of star fruit which has potential as an antibacterial. Star fruit were extracting by ethanol 96 % using maceration. Extract were identified using thin layer chromatography (TLC) with eluent analytic n-butanol- glacial acetic acid- water (6:1:3). Preparative isolation using thin layer chromatography resulting three bands. Each band was centrifuged to obtain isolates. Physics isolates were analyzing using spectrophotometer UV Vis and chemically using color test (shift reagent). UV Vis spectrum results with shift reagent from isolates 1, suspected as isoflavone compound with OH groups in position 6,7,4 and OH groups in O- ring A, in isolates 2 was not flavonoid compound and predicted as other polyphenolic compound and in isolates 3 suspected of flavone compound with OH groups in position 5,6,7 and OH groups in O-ring A