bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Navigating the Digital Realm: The Role of Facilitating Conditions in Social Media Use Among Korean Pop (K-pop) Fans
Authors: Roslan Muhammad Amirul Asyraaf , Nasharuddin Nurul Amelina , Azmi Murad Masrah Azrifah
Published: January 2025

This observational study investigates the impact of Facilitating Conditions, as outlined in the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), on the Behavioral Intention to use social media among K-pop fans. Through qualitative analysis of social media activity, we explore how perceived technical and organizational support influences fans' engagement with social media platforms. During an observation period, online K-pop fandom communities were monitored to capture fans' natural behaviors. Results indicate that perceived technical support, such as user- friendly features and high-quality content, enhances fans' satisfaction and enjoyment with social media platforms. Additionally, the supportive nature of online fan communities fosters a sense of belonging and motivation to participate in K-pop fandom activities. The compatibility of social media with fans' existing habits further strengthens Facilitating Conditions for social media use. Despite concerns about privacy and security, fans prioritize the benefits and supportiveness of online communities. This research underscores the vital role of Facilitating Conditions in shaping fans' Behavioral Intention to use social media for K-pop-related activities, offering insights for both researchers and practitioners in understanding and supporting online fan communities within the K-pop fandom.
The Perception of Teachers in Malaysia toward Alternative Assessment in Schools/ Persepsi Guru di Malaysia Terhadap Pentaksiran Alternatif di Sekolah
Authors: Saim Suhaili , Mohd. Yusof Ibnatul Jalilah
Published: January 2025

Assessment is an important component in education because through assessment, teachers and parents get information about student development. In 2010, the Malaysian Ministry of Education introduced School-Based Assessment, which is a form of alternative assessment as an effort to move away from the examination-based education system. Now this assessment is better known as Classroom Assessment. Since it was first introduced, many parties have given various responses to this modern assessment. Teachers are important stakeholders because they act as implementers of this assessment in schools. This article was written to review teachers' perceptions of this assessment and give suggestions to improve this assessment system. An extensive survey of past studies and also interviews with 6 teachers at a school in the state of Johor were conducted to achieve this objective. Each teacher interviewed taught a different subject at the school. Findings show that teachers in Malaysia have mixed perceptions of this assessment. Most teachers have a positive perception and acknowledge the advantages of this assessment in forming holistic students. In addition, the teachers also stated that they were not given enough understanding and training before this assessment began to be implemented. There are also teachers who feel that this assessment adds to their workload and they lack time to carry it out. The teachers emphasized that the implementation mechanism needs to be improved. Teachers do not reject changes in the assessment system for the better, but the implementation needs to be done based on accurate research, training and sufficient facilities.
Work-based Learning Methods in Vocational Colleges Through Practices Based on Industrial Revolution 4.0/ Kaedah Pembelajaran Berasaskan Pekerjaan di Kolej Vokasional Melalui Kemahiran Berpandukan Revolusi Industri 4.0
Authors: Mazlan Nurul Izzati , Mohd Ishar Mohamad Izzuan , Mohd Ariffin Mazlina , Janius Naldo
Published: January 2025

Post-Industry Revolution 4.0 has given many changes in various aspects including the technical and vocational education system. The field of work is becoming more complex today, causing students and graduates of vocational colleges to master a solid foundation of job skills to attract the attention of employers in the workplace. However, it is quite saddening to see vocational graduates are treated the same as those who do not have professional qualifications in basic job skills and are also ignored and undervalued by employers. This phenomenon raises the question of whether Malaysia's Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) system can meet the demand to train these students to be knowledgeable and capable of adapting basic job skills in line with the Industrial Revolution 4.0 in the workplace. A study was carried out at the Vocational College to evaluate work-based learning methods that fit with Industrial Revolution 4.0. A total of six employees of a consulting industry company and 92 lecturers at eight Vocational Colleges have been respondents to the findings of this study. The results of the study show that skills such as problem-solving, marketability, teamwork, and leadership are important from an industry perspective. Technology-centered learning methods received the highest ratings, followed by project learning, industrial visitings, and ethical and civilized learning. The lecturer believes that this method provides an opportunity for students to be ready to face the demands of industry in the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. It is hoped that this job-based learning method will be able to place graduates in the job industry in the future.
Elucidating the Impact of Leadership Behavior Education on the Gender Gap: Short and Long-Term Cases of Young Women in Tokyo, Japan
Authors: Saito Eriko
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to elucidate the impact of leadership behavior education in gender -gap countries, using the case of young women in Tokyo, Japan. As a research method first, It be used Data 1 creating a predictive model based on five topics using LDA in topic modeling. It be then extracted 100 words that make up each topic. It be named the topics using the top 20 words. Topic 1: Competence & Responsibility; Topic 2: Goals & Communication; Topic 3: Leading & Involvement; Topic 4: Listening & concern; Topic 5: Gender Equality. Next, we used Data 2 to verify the model created using Data 1. Furthermore, we decided to use data 3 and 4 to observe both the short-term and long-term effects of education.The results showed that Data 2, 3, and 4 all showed the same trend, indicating that the model created for the leadership behavior of young women in countries with high gender gap indices could explain the situation well. Topic 1: Competence and responsibility were highly high in Data 2, 3, and 4, and this could be said to be a characteristic of young women's leadership behavior in countries with high gender gap indices. Furthermore, the low scores for Topic 3: Leading and Involving and Topic 2: Goals & Communication suggest the need to foster these behaviors through education. Further consideration revealed that the effects of leadership education were similar in the short term and the long term, but the long-term effects were more variable.
Ethical Leadership as a Catalyst for Psychological Empowerment in Bintulu’s Oil Refinery Industry
Authors: Anak Juan Forleenarica Juana , Mohd Yusof Halimah
Published: January 2025

Ethical leadership is essential for cultivating a productive and competitive workforce, with psychologically empowered employees as a significant result of effective leadership. Despite its significance, scant research has examined the impact of ethical leadership on psychological empowerment within Malaysia's oil refinery industry. This study seeks to investigate the influence of ethical leadership on employees' psychological empowerment in the oil refinery sector in Bintulu, Sarawak. A quantitative methodology was employed to gather data from a random sample of 108 employees via a 26-item questionnaire. The Ethical Leadership Scale developed by Brown et al. was utilised to evaluate ethical leadership, whereas Spreitzer’s Psychological Empowerment Model (1995) was implemented to measure employee empowerment. Descriptive and inferential analyses indicated elevated levels of ethical leadership and psychological empowerment within the examined organisation. The results demonstrate that ethical leadership practices substantially enhance employee empowerment, fostering a workforce that gains from leadership exemplifying ethical conduct. This study elucidates the beneficial correlation between ethical leadership and psychological empowerment, enhancing comprehension of how ethical leadership cultivates empowered employees in the oil refinery industry of Bintulu, Sarawak.
Cross-modal sensory compensation increases mosquito attraction to humans
Authors: Morita Takeshi , Lyn Nia G. , von Heynitz Ricarda K. , Goldman Olivia V. , Sorrells Trevor R. , DeGennaro Matthew , Matthews Benjamin J. , Houri-Zeevi Leah , Vosshall Leslie B.
Published: January 2025

Sensory compensation occurs when loss of one sense leads to enhanced perception by another sense. We have identified a previously undescribed mechanism of sensory compensation in female
Aedes aegypti
mosquitoes. Odorant receptor co-receptor (
Orco
) mutants show enhanced attraction to human skin temperature and increased heat-evoked neuronal activity in foreleg sensory neurons.
Ir140
, a foreleg-enriched member of the ionotropic receptor (IR) superfamily of sensory receptors, is up-regulated in
Orco
mutant legs.
Ir140
,
Orco
double mutants do not show the enhanced heat seeking seen in
Orco
single mutants, suggesting that up-regulation of
Ir140
in the foreleg is a key mechanism underlying sensory compensation in
Orco
mutants. Because
Orco
expression is sparse in legs, this sensory compensation requires an indirect, long-range mechanism. Our findings highlight how female
Aedes aegypti
mosquitoes, despite suffering olfactory sensory loss, maintain the overall effectiveness of their host-seeking behavior by up-regulating attraction to human skin temperature, further enhancing their status as the most dangerous predator of humans.
Unearthing the secrets of Australia’s most enigmatic and cryptic mammal, the marsupial mole
Authors: Frankenberg Stephen R. , Lucas Sarah , Feigin Charles Y. , Doronina Liliya , Steffen Raphael , Hartley Gabrielle , Grady Patrick , Menzies Brandon R. , De Paoli-Iseppi Ricardo , Donnellan Stephen , Klein Mitzi , Newton Axel , Black Jay R. , Clark Michael , Cooper Steven , O’Neill Rachel , Clark Nathan , Schmitz Jürgen , Pask Andrew J.
Published: January 2025

The marsupial moles are arguably Australia’s most enigmatic marsupials. Almost indistinguishable from placental (eutherian) moles, they provide a striking example of convergent evolution. Exploring the genome of the southern marsupial mole, we provide insights into its unusual biology. We show definitively by retrophylogenomic analysis that marsupial moles are most closely related to bandicoots and bilbies (order Peramelemorphia). We find evidence of a marked decline in marsupial mole effective population size, most likely preceding the arrival of humans in regions near its range, and potentially corresponding to periods of climatic change. Our analysis of loss of eye function—an adaptation to subterranean life—reveals a structured order of loss of gene function associated first with the lens, then cone, and finally rod cells. Last, we identify genetic changes suggestive of adaptation to an oxygen-poor environment and of its evolution of partially descended testes.
Superconductivity in an ultrathin multilayer nickelate
Authors: Yan Xi , Zheng Hong , Li Yan , Cao Hui , Phelan Daniel Patrick , Zheng Hao , Zhang Zhan , Hong Hawoong , Wang Guanyi , Liu Yuzi , Bhattacharya Anand , Zhou Hua , Fong Dillon D.
Published: January 2025

We report the appearance of superconductivity in single-unit-cell Nd
6
Ni
5
O
12
, exhibiting a transition temperature similar to that of thicker films. In situ synchrotron x-ray scattering performed during growth of the parent phase, Nd
6
Ni
5
O
16
, shows that the necessary layer-by-layer deposition sequence does not follow the sequence of the formula unit but an alternate order due to the relative stability of the perovskite unit cell. We exploit this insight to grow ultrathin Nd
6
Ni
5
O
16
heterostructures and conduct in situ studies of topotactic reduction, finding that formation of the square-planar phase occurs rapidly and is highly sensitive to reduction temperature, with small deviations from the optimum condition leading to inhomogeneity and the loss of superconductivity. The fluorite layer within the unit cell facilitates reduction by initially stabilizing the square-planar phase in the upper half of the unit cell. Our findings provide insight into growth of the Ruddlesden-Popper nickelates, highlighting the need for in situ studies of the metastable phases key to superconductivity.
Ultrafast hot carrier extraction and diffusion at the MoS
2
/Au van der Waals electrode interface
Authors: Hong Chengyun , Kim Hyundong , Tao Ye , Lim Jong Hyeon , Lee Jin Yong , Kim Ji-Hee
Published: January 2025

Metal electrode deposition is universally adopted in the community for optoelectronic device fabrication, inducing hybridization at electrode interfaces, and allows efficient extraction or injection of photocarriers. However, hybridization-induced midgap states increase photocarrier recombination pathways, creating a paradoxical trade-off. Here, we discovered that efficient photocarrier extraction and a long photocarrier lifetime can be achieved simultaneously in MoS
2
/van der Waals Au contact, minimizing photocarrier loss at the interface. Using transient reflection spectroscopy, we quantified an ultrafast hole extraction time of 310 femtoseconds and a photocarrier lifetime of 259 picoseconds. Suppressed exciton formation in diffusion measurement validated ultrafast hole extraction. We further revealed a short photocarrier lifetime of ~8.7 picoseconds in deposited contact and negligible hole extraction in unintimate contact with space gap at the interface. We unraveled the hot electron transfer process from Au to MoS
2
in different contact interfaces. Our results on different metal contact interfaces provide valuable insights into electrode engineering for future optoelectronic devices.
Biologically inspired microlens array camera for high-speed and high-sensitivity imaging
Authors: Kim Hyun-Kyung , Cha Young-Gil , Kwon Jae-Myeong , Bae Sang-In , Kim Kisoo , Jang Kyung-Won , Jo Yong-Jin , Kim Min H. , Jeong Ki-Hun
Published: January 2025

Nocturnal and crepuscular fast-eyed insects often exploit multiple optical channels and temporal summation for fast and low-light imaging. Here, we report high-speed and high-sensitive microlens array camera (HS-MAC), inspired by multiple optical channels and temporal summation for insect vision. HS-MAC features cross-talk–free offset microlens arrays on a single rolling shutter CMOS image sensor and performs high-speed and high-sensitivity imaging by using channel fragmentation, temporal summation, and compressive frame reconstruction. The experimental results demonstrate that HS-MAC accurately measures the speed of a color disk rotating at 1950 rpm, recording fast sequences at 9120 fps with low noise equivalent irradiance (0.43 μW/cm
2
). Besides, HS-MAC visualizes the necking pinch-off of a pool fire flame in dim light conditions below one thousandth of a lux. The compact high-speed low-light camera can offer a distinct route for high-speed and low-light imaging in mobile, surveillance, and biomedical applications.
Functional monocentricity with holocentric characteristics and chromosome-specific centromeres in a stick insect
Authors: Toubiana William , Dumas Zoé , Van Patrick Tran , Parker Darren J. , Mérel Vincent , Schubert Veit , Aury Jean-Marc , Bournonville Lorène , Cruaud Corinne , Houben Andreas , Istace Benjamin , Labadie Karine , Noel Benjamin , Schwander Tanja
Published: January 2025

Centromeres are essential for chromosome segregation in eukaryotes, yet their specification is unexpectedly diverse among species and can involve major transitions such as those from localized to chromosome-wide centromeres between monocentric and holocentric species. How this diversity evolves remains elusive. We discovered within-cell variation in the recruitment of the major centromere protein CenH3, reminiscent of variation typically observed among species. While CenH3-containing nucleosomes are distributed in a monocentric fashion on autosomes and bind tandem repeat sequences specific to individual or groups of chromosomes, they show a longitudinal distribution and broad intergenic binding on the X chromosome, which partially recapitulates phenotypes known from holocentric species. Despite this variable CenH3 distribution among chromosomes, all chromosomes are functionally monocentric, marking the first instance of a monocentric species with chromosome-wide CenH3 deposition. Together, our findings illustrate a potential transitional state between mono- and holocentricity or toward CenH3-independent centromere determination and help to understand the rapid centromere sequence divergence between species.
The Moon goddess’s magnetic midlife
Authors: Weiss Benjamin P.
Published: January 2025

Laboratory measurements of samples returned by China’s Chang’e-5 mission demonstrate that the Moon generated a long-lived magnetic field.
Parental separation following preterm delivery in Canada: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Louis Deepak , Nykiforuk Ava , Chiu Aaron , Oberoi Sapna , Ruth Chelsea , Flaten Lisa , Bolton James , Akil Hamman , Bacchini Fabiana , Netzel Karen , Cheung Kristene , Lix Lisa M , Garland Allan
Published: January 2025

Objective

To examine the association between preterm delivery and parental separation and identify associated risk factors.

Methods

All opposite sex, married or common-law parents whose relationship status was available at index delivery and for the next 5 years were eligible in this retrospective population-based cohort study in Manitoba, Canada. Parents of children born preterm were matched 1:5 to parents of children born full-term. Parental separation within 5 years of childbirth was the primary outcome. Secondary outcome was the time to separation. Multivariable Poisson regression model was created to estimate the 5-year incidence rate ratios (IRR) of the primary outcome.

Results

Parents of 6367 children born preterm (n=164 for <28 weeks, n=1196 for 28–33 weeks, n=5007 for 34–36 weeks) and parents of 30 663 children born full-term were included. Compared with parents of children born term (4.2%), only parents of children born at 34–36 weeks had a higher incidence rate of separation (5.5%, IRR: 1.26; 1.09–1.45, p=0.002), although parents of children born at 28–33 weeks (5.4%, IRR: 1.20; 0.93–1.55, p=0.16), and at<28 weeks (5.5%, IRR: 1.27; 0.66–2.45, p=0.48) had similar IRRs. Time to separation was similar between all groups.

Conclusions

Parents of children born at 34–36 weeks had higher separation rates than parents of children born full-term. The risk factors identified can be used to identify and provide supports to at-risk parents.
HOXA3 activates USP15 to suppress autophagy and promote M2-type macrophage polarization in renal cell carcinoma via facilitating the deubiquitination of SQSTM1
Authors: Li Huihuang , Li Yang , Chen Zhiyong , He Cheng
Published: January 2025

We report a novel finding that highly expressed homeobox A3 (HOXA3) transcriptionally activates the expression of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 15 (USP15), resulting in the promotion of deubiquitination of SQSTM1. This process on the one hand suppresses autophagy in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), on the other hand increases M2-type macrophage polarization in the tumor microenvironment through stimulating the secretion of C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2).
Biography as Cultural Diplomacy: Cold War Best Sellers in the Middle East
Authors: Haddadian-Moghaddam Esmaeil , Khalifa Abdel-Wahab
Published: January 2025

Book diplomacy, as a form of cultural diplomacy, deserves more scholarly attention. The United States’ Franklin Book Programs (1952–78) is a prime example of Cold War book diplomacy that aimed at indigenous publishing in developing countries and countering Soviet propaganda campaigns. This article examines the microhistory of two of Franklin’s earliest and most successful publications in Cairo and Tehran: This I Believe and Lives of Poor Boys Who Became Famous. It aims to assess how these books achieved success amid the Middle East’s tense environment and the then-low literacy rates in Egypt and Iran. The analysis includes examining the production and reception processes of these books, illustrating the crucial role of translation and adaptation in their success. By focusing on state and non-state actors and their public-private network, it demonstrates the value of microhistory in presenting a nuanced view of Cold War book diplomacy.
Festival Film and Social Media from Mexico: Sueño en otro idioma (I Dream in Another Language, 2017) and YouTube’s “Pepe y Teo” (2012-)
Authors: Smith Paul Julian
Published: January 2025

This article begins by sketching some key terms in world cinema studies and calling attention to the relative absence of Latin America and of Mexico in those studies. After surveying the Mexican mediascape, it examines two audiovisual works that stake a claim to queerness: Sueño en otro idioma (Ernesto Contreras, 2017) and “Pepe y Teo” (YouTube, 2012-present). While the first is an art movie with a rural, ecological theme, the second is a body of video with a festive and urban character. The article suggests that the former, a locally shot and set fiction feature, is global in its ambitions, aspiring to the status of transnational festival film; while the latter, although appearing to draw on an international register, owes its close connection with a massive audience to its national specificity. Both examples engender, however, an emergent queer culture in Mexico and new and pleasurable senses of the world.
Recovery of the Medial Elbow Joint in the 24-Hour Period After Repetitive Pitching in High School Players
Authors: Hattori Hiroshi , Okamura Shun , Hall Toby , Sakaguchi Katsunobu , Akasaka Kiyokazu
Published: January 2025

Background:

Repetitive pitching causes immediate changes in the medial elbow joint. However, the recovery process from these changes is not clear.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the recovery of the medial elbow joint in the 24-hour period after pitching. The hypothesis was that while some recovery will occur at 24 hours after repetitive pitching, this would not be a complete return to baseline.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A total of 26 high school baseball pitchers participated (mean age, 16.0 ± 0.5 years). Participants threw 100 pitches (5 sets of 20 pitches). Medial elbow joint width as well as strain ratios of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) and forearm flexor-pronator muscles (FPMs) were measured and followed for 24 hours after pitching. The data before pitching and at each time point after pitching were compared. The standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change with 95% confidence interval (MDC95) were calculated using measurements before pitching.

Results:

The medial elbow joint width significantly increased by 0.84 mm immediately after pitching ( P < .05), but this was not maintained at 24 hours. The UCL strain ratio significantly decreased by 1.64 immediately after pitching ( P < .05), but this was not maintained at 18 hours after pitching. The strain ratio of the FPMs significantly decreased by 0.09 immediately after pitching ( P < .05) but significantly increased by 0.13 at 24 hours ( P < .05). The SEM for medial elbow joint width was 0.06 mm, and the MDC95 was 0.18 mm (maximum change: 0.84 mm immediately after pitching). The SEM for UCL strain ratio was 0.85, and the MDC95 was 2.35 (maximum change: 1.64 immediately after pitching). The SEM for strain ratio of the FPMs was 0.08, and the MDC95 was 0.22 (maximum change: 0.13 at 24 hours).

Conclusion:

After 100 pitches, stability against elbow valgus laxity recovered within 24 hours. UCL and FPMs showed statistical characteristic changes, but those changes were within the minimal detectable change.

Clinical Relevance:

Pitchers’ medial elbow joint tissue recovered to baseline at 24 hours after pitching. This suggests that it may be acceptable to resume low-intensity throwing after a 24-hour rest period after 100 repetitive pitches while also considering the condition of the rest of the body.
Mid- to Long-Term Clinical Outcomes and Failure Rates After ALPSA Lesion Repair
Authors: Hoyt Benjamin W. , Yow Bobby G. , Feeley Scott M. , Bloom Zachary J. , Kilcoyne Kelly G. , Rue John-Paul H. , Dickens Jon F. , LeClere Lance E.
Published: January 2025

Background:

Anterior labroligamentous periosteal sleeve avulsion (ALPSA) lesions are associated with recurrent shoulder instability and higher rates of failure after capsulolabral repair compared with similarly treated Bankart lesions. Although these lesions can portend poor outcomes, there are limited data on the associated conditions and postoperative course in a young, active population.

Purpose:

To evaluate the mid- to long-term clinical course and failure rates after ALPSA repairs and assess features associated with these outcomes.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

The authors identified all patients who underwent primary arthroscopic anterior or combined anterior and posterior labral repair between January 2010 and January 2020 at a single US military academy. Patient and injury characteristics were retrospectively reviewed while excluding patients with follow-up of <2 years. Patients were divided into 2 cohorts based on the presence of an ALPSA lesion as identified using arthroscopy, and patients with non-ALPSA lesions were matched to those with ALPSA lesions in a 5:1 ratio based on age, sex, time from injury to surgery, glenoid bone loss, and follow-up duration. The primary outcome measures were failure and revision surgery. Any recurrent shoulder instability event was considered a failure, including subjective or objective subluxation and/or dislocation, recurrence of pain consistent with instability, or functionally limiting apprehension. Survival analysis and both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with ALPSA lesions and propensity for failure.

Results:

The authors compared 225 patients with non-ALPSA labral tears against 45 patients with ALPSA lesions. ALPSA lesions were associated with multiple preoperative dislocations (odds ratio [OR], 3.0; 95% CI, 1.5-5.9; P = .00096) and increased prevalence of Hill-Sachs lesions (HSLs) (OR, 6.7; 95% CI, 2.8-16.0; P < .0001) and near-track HSLs (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.7-7.6; P = .00049). At the final follow-up, there was no difference in overall failure or recurrent instability between patients with and without ALPSA lesions (20% vs 16% [ P = .563] and 17.8% vs 10.2% [ P = .147], respectively). On multivariate regression, ALPSA did not affect the likelihood of failure ( P = .625). However, those with ALPSA lesions experienced failure earlier (1.7 vs 3.1 years; P = .020). When revision ALPSA repairs were performed, 43% failed.

Conclusion:

In patients with anterior instability treated with primary arthroscopic stabilization, ALPSA lesions were associated with HSLs and multiple dislocations. Although ALPSA repair failure occurred at a similar frequency in the mid- to long term compared with Bankart repairs, ALPSA repair failure tended to occur early in the postoperative course.
Quantifying the Diagnostic Utility of Baseline Testing in Concussion Management: An Analysis of Collegiate Athletes From the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium Dataset
Authors: Pandey Himadri S. , Lahijanian Behshad , Schmidt Julianne D. , Lynall Robert C. , Broglio Steven P. , McAllister Thomas W. , McCrea Michael A. , Pasquina Paul F. , Garcia Gian-Gabriel P. ,   the CARE Consortium Investigators
Published: January 2025

Background:

Although preseason baseline testing is a commonly recommended part of the concussion management process, its “value-added” contribution to the diagnosis of acute concussion compared with normative reference values remains in question.

Purpose:

This research aimed to evaluate the diagnostic benefits of baseline testing in acute concussion assessment compared with normative reference values and characterize the athletes who receive the most diagnostic utility from baseline testing.

Study Design:

Cohort study (Diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

The investigators selected athletes from the National Collegiate Athletic Association—Department of Defense (NCAA-DoD) Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education (CARE) Consortium with at least 2 baseline assessments and 1 concussion. Two predictive models were developed that mimic acute concussion assessment using multivariate logistic regression based on a battery of postural control, neurocognitive status, and symptom assessments. The first predictive model gives a concussion status prediction based on change scores computed using individualized baseline testing information, whereas the second model uses normative reference values. The investigators defined and computed a novel metric called the Diagnostic Utility of Baseline Testing by comparing the concussion status predicted by each of these predictive models. The Diagnostic Utility of Baseline distribution was analyzed across athlete demographic characteristics and medical history.

Results:

The study included 1081 collegiate athletes (43.9% female) with 1279 acute concussion assessments (24- to 48-hour postinjury assessments) and 1551 reference assessments (baseline and 6-month assessments). Both the baseline and normative models exhibited notably high area under the curve values of .89 and .90, respectively. Most athletes (86.7%) did not gain additional diagnostic benefits from baseline testing versus normative values. Those with Hispanic ethnicity ( P = .038) or a history of psychiatric disorders ( P < .001) or depression ( P = .002) were more likely to be correctly identified as having acute concussion when change scores were derived from normative values instead of individualized baseline values.

Conclusion:

This study highlights that the additional diagnostic benefit of preseason baseline testing over normative data is limited for most collegiate student-athletes. Thus, normative data can be used for most collegiate student-athletes in the absence of baseline testing. Moreover, these results can inform decisions on the allocation of baseline tests in resource-limited athletic settings, emphasizing the need for targeted concussion assessment strategies based on individual characteristics.
Epidemiology and Characteristics of Meniscal Tears in Patients With Combined ACL and Medial Collateral Ligament Injuries Versus Isolated ACL Tears: A Case-Control Study From the Francophone Arthroscopic Society
Authors: Hardy Alexandre , Berard Emilie , Freychet Benjamin , Herce Corentin , Kajetanek Charles , Lutz Christian , Moussa Mohamad K. , Neri Thomas , Ollivier Matthieu , Bouguennec Nicolas , Cavaignac Etienne
Published: January 2025

Background:

The co-occurrence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture with medial collateral ligament (MCL) rupture is a compound injury that can be associated with meniscal tears.

Purpose:

To report the characteristics of meniscal tears in knees with isolated ACL versus combined ACL and MCL injuries, analyzing their frequency, distribution by site, and lesion type.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Method:

This prospective, multicenter, case-control study, conducted across 10 hospitals in France as part of a symposium of the national French Society of Arthroscopy, compared patients undergoing ACL reconstruction with and without MCL injury. The 2 groups were matched by sex, age (±3 years), and body mass index (±3) to minimize imbalances between groups. All operations were performed by senior surgeons, who systematically explored for ramp, root, and other types of meniscal lesions as well as corner injuries. The primary outcome focused on meniscal injury frequency, with secondary outcomes examining lesion sites and types. A subgroup analysis was performed to compare these outcomes depending on the injury chronicity. Acute ACL injuries were those treated within 3 months of injury, and chronic lesions were those treated after this period.

Results:

A total of 722 patients were included, with a mean age of 30.32 ± 10.78 years. Meniscal injuries were observed more frequently in the ACL+MCL group, with 217 of 408 patients (53.2%) affected, compared with 130 of 314 patients (41.4%) in the isolated ACL group ( P = .001). Lateral meniscal lesions were significantly more common in the ACL+MCL group at 41.9% compared with 20.8% in the isolated ACL group ( P < .001). The same pattern was found independent of chronicity. Medial meniscal lesions were significantly more common in the isolated ACL group regardless of chronicity status. In terms of types of medial lesions, the ACL+MCL group primarily experienced longitudinal (45.9%) and ramp lesions (28.7%), whereas the isolated ACL group experienced mostly ramp lesion (58.3%; P < .001). No significant difference was observed in the distribution of lateral meniscal injury types.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated a higher prevalence of meniscal injuries associated with ACL+MCL injuries compared with isolated ACL injuries, with lateral meniscal lesions particularly more frequent, independent of chronicity status.
Return to Work and Sports After Lower Trapezius Tendon Transfer for Posterosuperior Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Kim Bo Taek , Kim Jung Gon , Kim Seung Jin , Elhassan Bassem T. , Baek Chang Hee
Published: January 2025

Background:

Lower trapezius tendon (LTT) transfer has demonstrated promising results for patients with posterosuperior irreparable rotator cuff tears (PSIRCTs). However, there has been no study evaluating return to work (RTW) and return to sports (RTS) after LTT transfer.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to assess the rates of RTW and RTS and identify associated factors among patients who have undergone LTT transfer for PSIRCTs. It was hypothesized that LTT transfer would result in favorable functional outcomes and high rates of RTW and RTS.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A retrospective review was conducted on patients who underwent LTT transfer for symptomatic PSIRCTs with minimal glenohumeral arthritis. The clinical assessment included patient-reported outcome measures, testing of active range of motion, and a radiological evaluation of arthritis. Patients were surveyed on occupation, sports activity, RTW or RTS status, time to return, and degree of resumption of previous work and sports levels. Exclusion criteria included a follow-up period of <1 year, revision surgery, postoperative infections, loss to follow-up, and unavailability of data.

Results:

A total of 110 patients (mean age, 63.0 ± 6.9 years; mean follow-up, 35.3 ± 15.7 months) were included. Clinical scores and active range of motion significantly improved at the final follow-up, with no significant differences between the different work levels. For RTW, 93.6% (n = 103) returned to work (63.1% completely, 36.9% partially), with a mean time to return of 5.2 ± 1.7 months; 6.4% (n = 7) did not return. Patients with lighter work levels had higher return rates and quicker times to return than those with heavier work levels. For RTS, 90.7% (n = 86) returned to sports (70.5% completely, 29.5% partially), with a mean time to return of 5.7 ± 1.3 months. For patients who participated in shoulder sports, 89.9% returned, and 10.1% failed to return. Multivariable logistic regression showed significant associations of higher RTW rates with lighter work levels (odds ratio [OR], 2.72; P = .005) and lower retear rates (OR, 5.41; P = .021). A lower retear rate was also significantly associated with a higher RTS rate (OR, 7.66; P = .010).

Conclusion:

LTT transfer for PSIRCTs yielded favorable functional outcomes with high rates of RTW and RTS. Patient-related factors, notably work level and retears, influenced successful RTW and RTS.
Ezetimibe/Atorvastatin, a Treatment for Hyperlipidemia, Inhibits Supraspinatus Fatty Infiltration and Improves Bone-Tendon Interface Healing in a Rotator Cuff Tear Rat Model
Authors: Yoon Jong Pil , Park Sung-Jin , Kim Dong-Hyun , Choi Yoon Seong , Lee Hyun Joo , Park Eugene Jae Jin , Cho Chul-Hyun , Chung Seok Won
Published: January 2025

Background:

Multiple factors, such as muscle fatty infiltration (FI), tendon collagen content, and collagen arrangement, determine bone-tendon interface (BTI) healing after rotator cuff (RC) repair.

Purpose:

To evaluate the effects of systemic administration of ezetimibe-atorvastatin (EZE/ATZ) combination on muscle FI and tendon collagen density and arrangement in an RC repair rat model.

Study design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A total of 26 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided equally into control and EZE/ATZ groups and subjected to RC tendon repair surgery. Postoperatively, the EZE/ATZ group rats received a combination of EZE (10 mg/kg/d) and ATZ (20 mg/kg/d) for 4 weeks, after which they were sacrificed. Oil Red O staining was used to assess FI in the supraspinatus muscle. The expression of biomarkers related to muscle atrophy and FI was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. For the qualitative and quantitative analysis of FI-related biomarkers, immunohistochemical staining was performed. Biomechanical and histological analyses were performed to evaluate the quality of BTI healing after RC repair.

Results:

The EZE/ATZ group showed significantly lower FI compared with the control group ( P < .001) and significantly downregulated expression of gene markers related to muscle atrophy and FI. On histological analysis, the EZE/ATZ group exhibited increased collagen type I contents, consistent collagen arrangement ( P = .005), and significantly higher collagen density ( P = .003) compared with the control group. Biomechanical analysis of the BTI healing revealed that the EZE/ATZ group had significantly increased ultimate strength ( P = .006) compared with the control group.

Conclusion:

Systemic EZE/ATZ administration suppressed supraspinatus FI by downregulating muscle atrophy–related and FI-related genes after RC repair. Additionally, EZE/ATZ use improved collagen biosynthesis, density, and arrangement at the BTI and significantly increased tensile strength.

Clinical Relevance:

The results of the current study strongly advocate the use of EZE/ATZ to improve shoulder function and tendon healing after RC repair.
They was Patient
Authors: Bouchard Lauren
Published: January 2025

Gender-affirming care is a highly politicized topic in the United States. Trans+ individuals do not control the narratives about their access to care, quality of life, and decision-making. Trans+ people are othered, marginalized, and abused by medical systems. The author of this poem accessed life-changing, gender-affirming care partly due to educational, racial, and geographic privilege. In 2023, 220 (and counting) state legislative bills targeting trans and non-binary people were filed. Many of these bills target transgender youth, but some states have even considered limiting adult care. Gender-expansive people face misinformation, microaggressions, and ridicule due to oppressive political narratives. From the family of origin to Twitter, trans people have to make themselves palatable. Even in the best situations, trans+ people face well-intentioned healthcare providers’ intrusions, ignorance, or infantilization. Allies who have not unpacked their transphobia may cause harm, even in seemingly innocuous interactions. Public health can benefit from the irreverence of gender euphoria. This poem is me living a vibrant, queer life in academia and at my family’s kitchen table, resisting moral panic one stanza at a time. To view the original version of this poem, see the supplemental material section of this article online.
Clinical Outcomes of Hip Abductor Repair Using Transosseous Sutures Versus Suture Anchors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Portela-Parra Eduardo , Sappey-Marinier Elliot , Julian Kaitlyn , Bini Stefano A.
Published: January 2025

Background:

Hip abductor tendon tears have been identified as a common cause of greater trochanteric pain syndrome. While abductor tendon tears are often managed surgically, the optimal tendon attachment technique remains controversial.

Purpose:

To compare the outcomes of hip abductor tendon repair between the suture anchor (SA) and transosseous suture (TS) techniques.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A literature search was performed in June 2023 in Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Studies reporting pre- and postoperative clinical outcomes of hip abductor repairs using SA or TS fixation with a minimum follow-up of 12 months were included in our analysis. From 608 studies initially identified, 21 studies (14 SA and 7 TS) with a total of 680 patients met the inclusion criteria. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) checklist guided the reporting and data abstraction, and the quality of the studies was assessed using the methodological index for non-randomized studies checklist. The results were presented as a narrative summary using descriptive statistics such as ranges and agreement statistics.

Results:

Significant pre- to postoperative improvement in pain scores and functional outcomes were reported on all included studies. The mean improvement on the Harris Hip Score/modified Harris Hip Score was 32.5 (95% CI, 28.4-36.7) for the SA technique versus 21.9 (95% CI, 6.7-37.0) for the TS technique, while mean improvement in pain according to the visual analog scale was 5.1 ± 2.3 for SA and 4.8 ± 2.2 for TS ( P = .9). There was a trend toward statistical significance regarding retear rates, with higher rates for SA (6.7% ± 7.6%) versus TS (1.3% ± 4.7%) ( t[13.9] = 2.0; P = .06).

Conclusion:

We observed no significant difference between SA and TS regarding improvements in patient-reported hip outcome and pain scores. However, SA trended toward a higher retear rate. Future research should propose a classification scheme that considers tear size and morphology, the extent of associated muscle degeneration, and the distance of tendon retraction to provide more context for the understanding of expected functional outcomes.
The Impact of Private Supplementary Tutoring Time on Adolescents ' Scientific Literacy in Science Education: An Empirical Comparative Study from China and South Korea
Authors: Tan Qinyi , Li Chencheng , Wu Pei
Published: January 2025

Along with the rapid development of knowledge-based economy, the competition in education has become more and more intense, and the system of "shadow education" characterized by private extracurricular tutoring has been expanding in East Asian societies where peer pressure gathers, especially in representative countries such as China and South Korea, but it is not clear how the investment of time in shadow education affects young people's performance in core literacy. There is a relative lack of empirical analysis of shadow education in basic education, and even rarer research on shadow education involving science subjects and their time investment, which cannot provide reliable guidance for government intervention in science shadow education. Based on the PISA2018 Chinese and Korean assessment data, multiple linear regression equations were set up to analyze the effects of the time spent on science shadowing on adolescents' scientific literacy based on the full consideration of the endogenous factors, and it was found that: the time spent on science shadowing is a key factor influencing the adolescents' performance in scientific literacy; the effects of the time spent on science shadowing on the Chinese and Korean adolescents' scientific literacy differ significantly, and it shows a significant positive effect on the Korean students. There are significant differences in the effects of science shadow education on the scientific literacy of Chinese and Korean youths, with a significant positive effect on Korean students but a significant negative effect on Chinese students; science shadow education has the social risk of expanding the inequality of education. For the future direction of science shadow education in basic education, we should objectively and rationally evaluate the feedback effect of the variable "time" on the performance of youth's scientific literacy based on the measurement of learning efficiency.
Modular dual-mobility constructs outperformed large femoral heads in 299 revision total hip arthroplasties at mid-term follow-up
Authors: Carender Christopher N. , Bedard Nicholas A. , Fruth Kristin M. , Taunton Michael J. , Pagnano Mark W. , Abdel Matthew P.
Published: January 2025

Aims

The purpose of this study was to directly compare the Modular Dual Mobility (MDM) Mobile Bearing Hip System (Stryker, USA) and large femoral heads (LFHs) in revision total hip arthroplasties (THAs) at mid-term follow-up, with specific emphasis on survival free of re-revision for dislocation, any re-revision, dislocation, and the risk of metal-related complications.

Methods

We identified 299 revision THAs performed at a single tertiary care academic institution from March 2011 to July 2014. Aseptic loosening of the acetabular component (n = 65), dislocation (n = 58), and reimplantation as part of a two-stage exchange protocol (n = 57) were the most common reasons for index revision. MDM constructs were used in 123 cases, and LFHs were used in 176 cases. Mean age was 66 years (28 to 93), mean BMI was 31 kg/m2 (18 to 55), and 45% (n = 136) were female. Mean follow-up was seven years (2 to 12).

Results

The ten-year survival free of re-revision for dislocation was 99% (95% CI 95 to 100) in the MDM cohort and 91% (95% CI 84 to 96) in the LFH cohort, with a significantly increased risk of re-revision for dislocation in the LFH cohort (HR 7.1 (95% CI 1.3 to 40.8); p = 0.023). The ten-year survival free of any re-revision was 92% (95% CI 82 to 99%) in the MDM cohort and 84% (95% CI 74 to 90) in the LFH cohort with a significantly increased risk of any re-revision in the LFH cohort (HR 2.6 (95% CI 1.1 to 5.9); p = 0.024). The ten-year survival free of any dislocation was 95% (95% CI 85 to 99) in the MDM cohort and 87% (95% CI 78 to 92) in the LFH cohort with a significantly increased risk of any dislocation in the LFH cohort (HR 2.7 (95% CI 1.1 to 6.3); p = 0.028). There were no re-revisions or reoperations for metallosis or corrosion in the MDM cohort.

Conclusion

In this head-to-head comparison, revision THAs with a MDM construct safely and effectively lowered the risk of re-revision for dislocation, any re-revision, and any dislocation compared to LFH at mid-term follow-up. There were no re-revisions or reoperations for metallosis or corrosion in the MDM cohort.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2025;107-B(1):58–64.