bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Combined Supplementation of AZOMITE and Citric Acid Promoted the Growth, Intestinal Health, Antioxidant, and Resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila for Largemouth Bass, Micropterus salmoides
Authors: Zhang Yugui , Huang Hongfei , Chang William T. H. , Li Xiaoqin , Leng Xiangjun
Published: October 2023

Citric acid is an organic acid extensively used in feed industry, and AZOMITE is a hydrated aluminosilicate compound rich in rare earth elements and trace mineral elements. This study investigated the supplemental effects of AZOMITE and citric acid individual or in combination on the growth performance, intestinal microbiota, morphology, digestive enzyme activity, serum indexes, and disease resistance of juvenile largemouth bass. Six diets were designed, including the control diet (CON) and the five additive-supplemented diets with the addition of 4 or 8 g/kg citric acid (CA4, CA8), 3 g/kg AZOMITE (A3), and their combined addition as 4 g/kg citric acid + 1.5 g/kg AZOMITE) (C4A1.5) and 8 g/kg citric acid + 3 g/kg AZOMITE (C8A3). Juvenile largemouth bass with initial body weight of 22.01 ± 0.09 g were fed the six diets for 56 days. The results revealed that the combined addition of 4 g/kg citric acid and 1.5 g/kg AZOMITE (C4A1.5) increased weight gain by 7.99% (

P
<
0.05

), and decreased feed conversion ratio by 0.07 (

P
<
0.05

). The protein retention in the C4A1.5 group and the lipid retention in all additive-supplemented groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). In serum, all additive-supplemented groups showed significantly higher glutathione peroxidase activity than the control group (

P
<
0.05

). The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the CA8, A3, C4A1.5, and C8A3 groups were significantly higher (

P
<
0.05

), while the concentration of malondialdehyde was significantly lower than those in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). Moreover, the total antioxidant capacity in the A3 and C4A1.5 groups, and lysozyme activity in the A3, C4A1.5, and C8A3 groups were significantly increased when compared to the control group (

P
<
0.05

). In digestive enzyme, the protease activity in the A3, C4A1.5 groups, and amylase activity in the CA4, CA8, and C4A1.5 groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). In intestinal microbiota, Firmicutes abundance was elevated in all additive groups, while the Fusobacteriota and Plesiomonas shigelloides abundance were decreased. In the intestinal histology, the CA8, A3, and C4A1.5 groups showed significantly higher villus height than the control group (

P
<
0.05

). After the infection with Aeromonas hydrophila, the cumulative mortality of all additive-supplemented groups was significantly lower (

P
<
0.05

), and the C4A1.5 group demonstrated the lowest mortality. In conclusion, the combined supplementation of 4 g/kg citric acid + 1.5 g/kg AZOMITE increased the growth, antioxidant, immune capacity, improved the intestinal morphology and microbial flora of juvenile largemouth bass, and promoted the resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection.
Usefulness of the BIG Score in Predicting Massive Transfusion and In-Hospital Death in Adult Trauma Patients
Authors: Park Sejun , Wang Il Jae , Yeom Seok-Ran , Park Sung-Wook , Cho Suck Ju , Yang Wook Tae , Tae Wonwoong , Huh Up , Song Chanhee , Kim Yeaeun , Park Jong-Hwan , Cho Youngmo
Published: October 2023

The base deficit (B), international normalized ratio (I), and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) (BIG) score is useful in predicting mortality in pediatric trauma patients; however, studies on the use of BIG score in adult patients with trauma are sparse. In addition, studies on the correlation between the BIG score and massive transfusion (MT) have not yet been conducted. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of BIG score for mortality and the need for MT in adult trauma patients. This retrospective study used data collected between 2016 and 2020 at our hospital’s trauma center and registry. The predictive value of BIG score was compared with that of the Injury Severity Score (ISS) and Revised Trauma Score (RTS). Logistic regression analysis was carried out to assess whether BIG score was an independent risk factor. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed, and predictive values were evaluated by measuring the area under the ROC curve (AUROC). In total, 5,605 patients were included in this study. In logistic regression analysis, BIG score was independently associated with in-hospital mortality (odds ratio (OR): 1.1859; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1636–1.2086) and MT (OR: 1.0802; 95% CI: 1.0609–1.0999). The AUROCs of BIG score for in-hospital mortality and MT were 0.852 (0.842–0.861) and 0.848 (0.838–0.857), respectively. Contrastingly, the AUROCs of ISS and RTS for in-hospital mortality were 0.795 (0.784–0.805) and 0.859 (0.850–0.868), respectively. Moreover, AUROCs of ISS and RTS for MT were 0.812 (0.802–0.822) and 0.838 (0.828–0.848), respectively. The predictive value of BIG score for mortality and MT was significantly higher than that of the ISS. The BIG score also showed a better AUROC for predicting in-hospital mortality compared with RTS. In conclusion, the BIG score is a useful indicator for predicting mortality and the need for MT in adult trauma patients.
Film-Forming Polymers for Inhibition of Hydroxyapatite Dissolution: A Screening Study
Authors: Sakae Letícia Oba , Prado Taiana Paola , Bezerra Sávio José Cardoso , Niemeyer Samira Helena , Borges Alessandra Buhler , Carvalho Thiago Saads , Scaramucci Tais
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of film-forming polymer solutions of different concentrations and pH values, either associated or not with sodium fluoride (F; 225 ppm F−), when applied during the initial stage of salivary pellicle formation, to prevent the dissolution of hydroxyapatite (HA), which was determined by the pH-stat method. Polyacrylic acid (PA), chitosan, sodium linear polyphosphate (LPP), polyvinyl methyl ether/maleic anhydride (PVM/MA), and propylene glycol alginate (PGA) were tested in three concentrations (lower, medium, and higher), two pH values (native or adjusted), and either associated or not with F. Distilled water, F, and stannous ion+fluoride (Sn/F; 225 ppm F− and 800 ppm Sn2+, as SnCl2) solutions were the controls, totalizing 63 groups. HA crystals were pretreated with human saliva for 1 min to allow pellicle formation, then immersed in the experimental solutions (1 min), and exposed to saliva for another 28 min. Subsequently, they were added to a 0.3% citric acid solution (pH = 3.8), connected to a pH-stat system that added aliquots of 28 μL 0.1 N HCl for a total reaction time of 5 min. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s tests (α = 0.05). For PA alone, the concentrations of 0.1% (native pH), 0.06%, and 0.08% (both pH adjusted) showed significantly lower HA dissolution than the negative control. PA concentrations of 0.1% and 0.08%, of both pH values, improved the effect of F against HA dissolution to a near-identical value as Sn/F. All solutions containing chitosan and LPP significantly reduced HA dissolution in comparison with the control. For chitosan, the concentration of 0.5% (in both pH values) improved the effect of F. LPP at 0.5% (native pH) and all associations of LPP with F outperformed the effect of F. Some PVM/MA solutions significantly reduced HA dissolution but PVM/MA could not improve the protection of F. PGA was incapable of reducing HA dissolution or improving F effect. It was concluded that chitosan, LPP, and some PA and PVM/MA solutions used alone were capable of reducing HA dissolution. Only PA, chitosan, and LPP were able to enhance fluoride protection, but for PA and chitosan, this was influenced by the polymer concentration.
Deficient Mismatch Repair Proteins in Gastric Mixed Neuroendocrine Non-Neuroendocrine Neoplasm: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Nguyen Thi Hong Chuyen , Nguyen Tran Bao Song , Nguyen Thanh Phuc , Ha Thi Minh Thi , Pham Nguyen Cuong , Nguyen Thu Giang Thi , Hoang Huu , Dang Cong Thuan
Published: October 2023

Mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN) is a rare type of gastric carcinoma with controversial diagnosis and treatment. Recent data implies that deficiency mismatch repair proteins inducing microsatellite instability are considered one of the potential drivers of this disease. Hence, we report a stomach MiNEN with MMR protein loss. An admitted 60-year-old woman complained of epigastric pain. The pathological analysis of the gastro-endoscopic biopsy specimen revealed gastric adenocarcinoma. The radiological staging was cT3N1M0; therefore, she received D2 distal gastrectomy. Suspecting neuroendocrine component admix with adenocarcinoma part on the resected specimen microscopy, applying biomarkers including AE 1/3, synaptophysin, and chromogranin A to confirm the diagnosis of MiNEN. The neuroendocrine part was classified as neuroendocrine tumor grade 2 with Ki 67 at 16.5%. To further understand the molecular characterization of this disease, we evaluated mismatch protein expression by staining MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 antibodies. Interestingly, both components lost MLH1 and PMS2 proteins. Her radical surgery followed oxaliplatin/capecitabine adjuvant chemotherapy. The patient is still well after eight cycles of chemotherapy. dMMR gastric MiNENs and dMMR gastric cancer share many clinical and genetic characteristics. Further studies are necessary to survey the role of dMMR in the prognosis and treatment of this entity.
Enfermedades respiratorias crónicas: Fenotipificación para tratamiento específico y prevención de efectos adversos
Authors: Madrid-Mejía Wilmer Alejandro
Published: October 2023

Introduction: The role of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) among patients with bronchiectasis remains controversial. There is limited evidence of using baseline eosinophil count (absolute and percentage) as a marker to predict the role of ICS among patients with bronchiectasis. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted in a major regional hospital and tertiary respiratory referral centre in Hong Kong, including 140 Chinese patients with noncystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis, to investigate the exacerbation risks of bronchiectasis among ICS users and nonusers with different baseline eosinophil counts. Results: ICS user had significantly lower risk to develop bronchiectasis exacerbation with adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.461 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.225–0.945, p-value 0.035). Univariate logistic regression was performed for different cut-offs of blood eosinophil count (by percentage) from 2% to 4% (with a 0.5% grid each time). Baseline eosinophil 3.5% was found to be the best cut-off among all with adjusted OR of 0.138 (95% CI = 0.023–0.822, p-value = 0.030).
Clinical Profile and Renal Survival of Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease Patients: A Retrospective Case Series from Northern India
Authors: Kumar Asheesh , Gupta Samriti , Jarial Kush Dev Singh , Sangha Sukhwinder , Chauhan Ashish , Sharma Vikas , Sandal Rajeev , Sharma Dheeraj
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease is a rare organ-specific autoimmune disease. The overall and renal outcomes of patients have mostly been reported in small-sized cohorts. We aimed to study the clinical profile, overall survival, and renal survival of anti-glomerular basement membrane disease patients at our center. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the data regarding the clinical profile and renal survival of patients diagnosed with anti-GBM disease from October 2019 to March 2022, having a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Results: There were 15 patients in the study, with the mean age of presentation being 51.6 ± 13.7 years. The median duration of symptoms onset to the nephrologist opinion was 15 (10–23) days. The extrarenal manifestations were seen in the respiratory, otorhinolaryngological, and neurological systems. The mean serum anti-GBM titers were 154.5 (14.9–263.5) U/mL. Serum anti-GBM titers were present in 13/15 (86.6%) patients, and 12/13 (92.3%) patients had above the reference range. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA) levels were assessed in 12/15 (80%) patients, and 9/12 (75%) had higher levels. Renal biopsy was available in 14 patients with more than 50% crescents. Along with crescents, necrotizing lesions, rupture of the Bowman’s capsule, and granulomatous lesions were also seen. Among the initial therapies, the steroid pulse was given to 13 (86.6%) patients, whereas membrane plasmapheresis was given to 8 (53.3%) patients. Inj. cyclophosphamide and inj. rituximab were given to 8 (53.3%) and 4 (26.6%) patients, respectively. No difference was seen in clinical characteristics, renal biopsy features, treatment received, and outcomes with ANCA positivity except for age, where patients who were ANCA positive were older compared to patients who were ANCA negative. One-year renal and patient survival was seen in 4 (26.6%) and 6 (40%) patients, respectively. Conclusion: Most patients of anti-GBM disease have active sediments, raised creatinine, and non-specific symptomatology. There is poor renal and patient outcome as most patients present with advanced renal failure.
Inhibition of Estradiol Signaling in the Basolateral Amygdala Impairs Extinction Memory Recall for Heroin-Conditioned Cues in a Sex-Specific Manner
Authors: Carter Jordan S. , Costa Caitlyn C. , Kearns Angela M. , Reichel Carmela M.
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Relapse is a major treatment barrier for opioid use disorder. Environmental cues become associated with the rewarding effects of opioids and can precipitate relapse, even after numerous unreinforced cue presentations, due to deficits in extinction memory recall (EMR). Estradiol (E2) modulates EMR of fear-related cues, but it is unknown whether E2 impacts EMR of reward cues and what brain region(s) are responsible for E2s effects. Here, we hypothesize that inhibition of E2 signaling in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) will impair EMR of a heroin-associated cue in both male and female rats. Methods: We pharmacologically manipulated E2 signaling to characterize the role of E2 in the BLA on heroin-cue EMR. Following heroin self-administration, during which a light/tone cue was co-presented with each heroin infusion, rats underwent cued extinction to extinguish the conditioned association between the light/tone and heroin. During extinction, E2 signaling in the BLA was blocked by an aromatase inhibitor or specific estrogen receptor (ER) antagonists. The next day, subjects underwent a cued test to assess heroin-cue EMR. Results: In both experiments, females took more heroin than males (mg/kg) and had higher operant responding during cued extinction. Inhibition of E2 synthesis in the BLA impaired heroin-cue EMR in both sexes. Notably, E2s actions are mediated by different ER mechanisms, ERα in males but ERβ in females. Conclusions: This study is the first to demonstrate a behavioral role for centrally-produced E2 in the BLA and that E2 also impacts EMR of reward-associated stimuli in both sexes.
Caveiras-berrantes: performance e profecia em "Era uma vez Brasília" (2017)
Authors: Campos João Paulo de Freitas
Published: October 2023

Este ensaio pretende analisar as encenações do filme Era uma vez Brasília (2017), do cineasta brasileiro Adirley Queirós, a partir de teorias da performance e da noção de teatro épico de Bertolt Brecht. A obra mistura documentário e ficção científica para apresentar uma narrativa fragmentada que se desenvolve a partir de interrupções e saltos. Por meio da elaboração de atmosferas soturnas e experimentos de performance entre Ceilândia e Brasília, o filme procura refletir e dar corpo à derrota política expressada pelo golpe de estado de 2016 que retirou Dilma Rousseff do poder da perspectiva de sujeitos periféricos do Distrito Federal do Brasil. Por fim, esta obra nos revela um gesto profético que prenuncia um futuro de terror, morte e cárcere no Brasil.
A posse de Lula, instagram de Rafael Hupsel
Authors: Hupsel Rafael
Published: October 2023

Publicadas em sua rede social – e não em um veículo de imprensa – as fotos de Rafael do dia da posse do presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva em 1o de janeiro de 2023 revelam, em preto e branco, a emoção de estar lá, acompanhar sob o sol forte o momento histórico que rompe com as atrocidades da necropolítica vividas na gestão anterior.
Sismologia de mundos em performance
Authors: Dawsey John C. , Ribeiro Pâmilla Vilas Boas Costa , Schouten André-Kees de Moraes
Published: October 2023

Este texto apresenta o dossiê “Mundos em Performance”, um dos desdobramentos do evento “Sismologia da performance: Napedra 20 anos”, realizado em 2021. Em foco, a “virada performativa” e seus efeitos sísmicos na antropologia e outros campos do saber. Horizontes se ampliam, subvertendo noções de campo e espaço e implodindo concepções de tempo. As atenções se voltam à ação surpreendente, frágil e efêmera, mas potencialmente poderosa e explosiva dos corpos. Dos sentidos dos corpos, criam-se e se friccionam os sentidos de mundos. Em performance, mundos se formam e desaparecem. Em remoinhos, encontram-se os que ainda não vieram a ser, mas que podem surgir. No Brasil, os efeitos de uma “virada performativa” se revelam na criação do Núcleo de Antropologia, Performance e Drama (Napedra), de outros grupos de referência no campo da antropologia e performance e neste dossiê, que procura explorar alguns dos remoinhos de mundos em performance.
Outcomes Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement for Aortic Stenosis in Patients With Type 0 Bicuspid, Type 1 Bicuspid, and Tricuspid Aortic Valves
Authors: He Jingjing , Xiong Tian-Yuan , Yao Yi-Jun , Peng Yong , Wei Jia-Fu , Zhao Zhen-Gang , Chen Guo , Ou Yuan-Weixiang , Liu Qi , Wang Xi , Zhu Zhongkai , Yang Hao-Ran , Jia Kaiyu , Mylotte Darren , Piazza Nicolo , Prendergast Bernard , Feng Yuan , Chen Mao
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Data concerning the outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement in type 0 bicuspid aortic stenosis (AS) are scarce. The study aims to compare the outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement for AS in patients with type 0 bicuspid, type 1 bicuspid, and tricuspid aortic valve anatomy.

METHODS:

We enrolled consecutive patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement for severe AS between 2012 and 2022 in this single-center retrospective cohort study. The primary outcome was mortality, while secondary outcomes included in-hospital complications such as stroke and pacemaker implantation and transcatheter heart valve hemodynamic performance.

RESULTS:

The number of patients with AS with type 0 bicuspid, type 1 bicuspid, and tricuspid aortic valve anatomy was 328, 302, and 642, respectively. Self-expanding transcatheter heart valves were used in the majority of patients (n=1160; 91.4%). In the matched population, differences in mortality (30 days: 4.2% versus 1.7% versus 1.7%,
P
overall
=0.522; 1 year: 10% versus 2.3% versus 6.2%,
P
overall
=0.099) and all stroke (30 days: 1.0% versus 0.9% versus 0.0%,
P
overall
=0.765; 1 year: 1.4% versus 1.6% versus 1.3%,
P
overall
=NS) were nonsignificant, and the incidence of overall in-hospital complications was comparable among groups. Ascending aortic diameter was the single predictor of 1-year mortality in type 0 bicuspid patients (hazard ratio, 1.59 [95% CI, 1.03–2.44];
P
=0.035). The proportion of patients with a mean residual gradient ≥20 mm Hg was the highest in those with type 0 bicuspid anatomy, although the need for permanent pacemaker implantation was the lowest in this group.

CONCLUSIONS:

Major clinical outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement for AS in patients with type 0 bicuspid, type 1 bicuspid, and tricuspid aortic valve anatomy are equivalent at short- and mid-term follow-up. These observations merit further exploration in prospective international registries and randomized controlled trials.
Association Between Prescription Drug Discount Cards and Out-of-Pocket Costs for HFrEF Regimens
Authors: Wheeler James S. , Heidel Robert E. , Dong Annie , Pleines Katherine M. , Hauptman Paul J.
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

The burden from medication costs for treating heart failure can be financially toxic for uninsured/underinsured patients and their families. Prescription discount cards, which offer cash price reductions, may decrease out-of-pocket costs for patients without prescription benefits, but the degree to which they offer financial relief remains unclear. Our objective was to assess the financial burden for uninsured/underinsured patients prescribed a drug from each of the 4 standard classes of medications for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. A second objective assessed whether discounts varied across economically and geographically diverse regions in Tennessee.

METHODS:

This was a cross-sectional pricing analysis of guideline-directed medical therapy heart failure with reduced ejection fraction regimens utilizing prescription discount cards. Between February 9 and March 31, 2022, we conducted searches on 3 discount card websites (GoodRx, NeedyMeds, and Blink Health) for the prices of 30- and 90-day supplies of select guideline-directed medical therapy heart failure regimens for 6 Tennessee ZIP codes. Prices were compared with Amazon and Redbook prices.

RESULTS:

Monthly costs among discount card services varied from $10.58 to $30.86 for a generic 3-drug regimen consisting of beta blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. With the addition of a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, prices increased to $540.32 to $593.74. The ideal 4-drug regimen (beta blocker, angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor) ranged from $1188.31 to $1464.54. When compared with Amazon cash prices, the cards offered an average discount of 65% on a generic 3-drug regimen; when brand-name medications were added, discounts were modest (<12%). There were no significant variations in pricing based on ZIP codes in differing economic and geographic regions.

CONCLUSIONS:

Although prescription discount cards offered significant savings on generic medications, brand-name drug discounts were small and overall costs remained high. These findings highlight the potential for unequal access to life-saving therapies for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
Potassium Magnesium Citrate Is Superior to Potassium Chloride in Reversing Metabolic Side Effects of Chlorthalidone
Authors: Vongpatanasin Wanpen , Giacona John M. , Pittman Danielle , Murillo Ashley , Khan Ghazi , Wang Jijia , Johnson Talon , Ren Jimin , Moe Orson W. , Pak Charles C.Y.
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Thiazide diuretics (TD) are the first-line treatment of hypertension because of its consistent benefit in lowering blood pressure and cardiovascular risk. TD is also known to cause an excess risk of diabetes, which may limit long-term use. Although potassium (K) depletion was thought to be the main mechanism of TD-induced hyperglycemia, TD also triggers magnesium (Mg) depletion. However, the role of Mg supplementation in modulating metabolic side effects of TD has not been investigated. Therefore, we aim to determine the effect of potassium magnesium citrate (KMgCit) on fasting plasma glucose and liver fat by magnetic resonance imaging during TD therapy.

METHODS:

Accordingly, we conducted a double-blinded RCT in 60 nondiabetic hypertension patients to compare the effects of KCl versus KMgCit during chlorthalidone treatment. Each patient received chlorthalidone alone for 3 weeks before randomization. Primary end point was the change in fasting plasma glucose after 16 weeks of KCl or KMgCit supplementation from chlorthalidone alone.

RESULTS:

The mean age of subjects was 59±11 years (30% Black participants). Chlorthalidone alone induced a significant rise in fasting plasma glucose, and a significant fall in serum K, serum Mg, and 24-hour urinary citrate excretion (all
P
<0.05). KMgCit attenuated the rise in fasting plasma glucose by 7.9 mg/dL versus KCl (
P
<0.05), which was not observed with KCl. There were no significant differences in liver fat between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

KMgCit is superior to KCl, the common form of K supplement used in clinical practice, in preventing TD-induced hyperglycemia. This action may improve tolerability and cardiovascular safety in patients with hypertension treated with this drug class.
The Untold Story of the Heroes of Civic Leadership in Somalia: The Case Study of Kham-Kham Village
Authors: Odowa Abdullahi M.
Published: October 2023

In many countries of Africa, political leaders are in continual negotiation or competition with a broader range of civic leaders who provide leadership in areas which state institutions do not reach. However, scholarship on African leadership continues to focus on political leadership rather than paying equal attention to the dual role of civic and political leadership in the continent. In this article, the author argues that the analysis of African civic leaders has the potential to enhance the relevance and richness of discourse on African leadership if properly explored. To advance this argument and to demonstrate that it is not all negative in the arena of postcolonial Somali leadership, this article provides a comprehensive picture of civic leadership in the village of Kham-Kham, Somalia. Using both in-depth interviews and a review of the relevant literature, the article highlights how village leaders in Kham-Kham managed to create a safe haven for those fleeing ethnic cleansing, natural disasters, and other forms of insecurity. It also highlights how leaders tried to establish law and order for the village residents while Somali political leaders struggled to save the Somali state from complete collapse or struggled to agree on how to revive it.
Al-Shaʿrānī’s Defence of Ibn ʿArabī in Context: Interpreting ‘the Oneness of Existence’ (waḥdat al-wujūd) as Experiential Oneness
Authors: Cheifetz Haruka
Published: October 2023

The sixteenth-century Egyptian scholar ʿAbd al-Wahhāb al-Shaʿrānī was a prominent Shāfiʿī jurist of his time as well as an ardent supporter of Ibn ʿArabī; he played an important role in popularising Ibn ʿArabī’s teaching, which were then considered highly controversial. However, in current scholarship, al-Shaʿrānī’s defence of Ibn ʿArabī’s work is often dismissed as arbitrary and inconsistent. The present study seeks to challenge this negative, albeit unanimous, view of al-Shaʿrānī’s work, by demonstrating that his reading of Ibn ʿArabī is in fact founded upon a carefully thought-out methodology. By detailing the views of both pro- and anti-Ibn ʿArabī scholars, I first shed light on the classification of mystics that these scholars shared in common: heretical proponents of the oneness of existence (waḥdat al-wujūd) and legitimate advocates of the oneness of witnessing (waḥdat al-shuhūd) – which I describe in the study as ‘experiential oneness’. Secondly, by referring to al-Shaʿrānī’s hitherto unstudied texts, I discuss how he adapted the same framework of categorising the mystics with the aim of defending Ibn ʿArabī. I demonstrate how al-Shaʿrānī interpreted the ontological doctrine of the oneness of existence as a psychological, perceptual state of experiential oneness, thereby promoting Ibn ʿArabī as an exponent of experiential oneness. Furthermore, I argue that by building upon this reading method of experiential oneness, al-Shaʿrānī recontextualised some of Ibn ʿArabī’s famous tenets, such as divine self-manifestation (tajallī) and anthropomorphism (tashbīh). By doing so, al-Shaʿrānī combined Ibn ʿArabī’s teachings with his own mystical worldview, which is based on experiential oneness. I conclude that al-Shaʿrānī’s approach to Ibn ʿArabī was fittingly formulated against the intellectual trends of fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Egypt, and that al-Shaʿrānī was an innovative and unique defender of Ibn ʿArabī’s thought.
Properties of Catalpa bungei (Bignoniaceae) earlywood and latewood in the same growth ring during moisture adsorption/desorption: swelling and shrinkage at the cell level
Authors: Yin Fangyu , Jiang Jiali , Sheng Shixiong , Wang Ping , Yang Yong , Yin Yafang
Published: October 2023

In this study, Dynamic Vapor Sorption Resolution combined with a Dino-Lite Edge Digital Microscope was used to document in real-time the swelling/shrinkage behavior of earlywood and latewood cells (wood fiber and vessel) on homogeneous samples of Catalpa bungei C.A.Mey. at the microscopic scale. The results showed that the lumen and cell wall of wood fibers swelled with the increase of relative humidity and shrank with the decrease of relative humidity in the sorption cycle of 0∼95% relative humidity condition. However, vessels showed an opposite trend to the behaviors mentioned above. In any region of both types of cells, latewood cell size (area and diameter) changed more significantly. For diameter change, the change of tangential diameter was larger than that of radial diameter. In addition, in the sorption cycle, the size (area and diameter) change of any region of wood fiber and vessel showed swelling hysteresis. Compared with earlywood cells, latewood cells had a more pronounced swelling hysteretic value, and the swelling hysteretic value in the tangential direction was higher than that in the radial direction in terms of diameter. Sorption hysteresis might be one of the contributing factors to swelling hysteresis. Finally, it was found that under any relative humidity, the dimensional changes of the wood fibers and the vessels were immediately stabilized when the moisture content reached its equilibrium.
Green Internationalism on Display: Motives, Structures, and Dynamics of Nordic Environmental Diplomacy during the 1970s
Authors: Buns Melina Antonia
Published: October 2023

Using the negotiations of the 1979 Convention on Long-Rage Transboundary Air Pollution as a case, this article examines the characteristics of Nordic environmental diplomacy. Through a Nordic perspective, it investigates the practices, dynamics, and motives of Nordic cooperation on atmospheric pollution within an international context. It argues that Nordic environmental diplomacy was anchored in regional Nordic cooperation, facilitating a fluid and multi-layered collaboration at the international scene. By revealing this complexity of Nordic environmental diplomacy, the article nuances the diplomatic accounts focusing on single countries, emphasizing the multi-ownership of ideas and achievements. Furthermore, by exploring the motivational, organization, and practical traits of Nordic environmental diplomacy, it proposes to characterize Nordic environmental diplomacy as green internationalism, a self-interested international environmentalism resting upon a shared sense of Nordic solidarity and institutional cooperation.
“Calculate the Limits of the Possible”: Scandinavian Legal Diplomacy, Diplomatic Arenas and the Establishment of the Permanent Court of International Justice
Authors: Ikonomou Haakon A. , van Leeuwen Karin , Rasmussen Morten
Published: October 2023

This article considers the role of the Scandinavian states in the establishment of the Permanent Court of International Justice (pcij) and how the construction of the pcij and the wider League of Nations shaped Scandinavian legal diplomacy. It does so by analyzing legal-diplomatic practices within five significant diplomatic arenas between 1917 and 1920, from the early Scandinavian committee work, via the Advisory Committee of Jurists to the First League Assembly. Our article argues that we need to be attuned to how the emergence of the League of Nations and the particular sequence of multilateral negotiations that led to the creation of the pcij transformed Scandinavian (legal) internationalism and aligned the three countries to the new international order.
Mitochondrial genomes of three Mylabris (Pseudabris) species (Coleoptera: Meloidae, Mylabrini) and their phylogenetic implications
Authors: CHENG HAI-YUN , GAO QI , PAN ZHAO
Published: October 2023

The complete mitogenomes of the subgenus Mylabris (Pseudabris) Fairmaire, 1894, endemic to the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, are reported for the first time. Three species out of seven, M. hingstoni Blair, 1927, M. longiventris Blair, 1927, and M. przewalskyi (Dokhtouroff, 1887), were sequenced. The sequencing results of mitogenomes were annotated and analyzed. The gene arrangements were consistent with the putative ancestral insect mitogenomes as understood today, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs, and a noncoding internal control region (CR). The PCGs used the typical start ATN codon and TAA/TAG stop codons. The lengths of three mitogenomes were 15,692 bp, 15,685 bp, and 15,685 bp, with an A + T content of 71.29%, 71.67%, and 71.53%, respectively. The evolution rates of 13 PCGs were compared: The evolution rate of ATP8 was the highest, and that of COX1 was the lowest. Furthermore, the phylogenetic relationships among the genera and tribes of Meloidae were discussed.
Early relational exclusion and present-day minority stress, social anxiety, and coping responses among sexual minority men
Authors: Otmar Christopher D. , Merolla Andy J.
Published: October 2023

Drawing from minority stress theory, research on ostracism, and the communication of exclusion, this study had two goals. First, we aimed to test how perceptions of early relational exclusion relate to current-day minority stress, coping strategies, and social anxiety among young sexual minority men. Second, we aimed to test the reciprocal within-person associations between present-day minority stress, coping strategies, and social anxiety over a three-month period. Based on a three-wave longitudinal dataset of sexual minority men ( N = 254), we tested the hypotheses using a random-intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM). RI-CLPMs partition variance at the between-person (i.e., mean level differences across participants) and within-person (i.e., intra-individual change from typical levels over time) levels, while also allowing for associations between current and past experiences through the inclusion of a person-level (time-invariant) predictor. Findings indicated that perception of early relational exclusion (at the between-person level) is positively associated with present-day reports of minority stress, maladaptive coping, and social anxiety. Further, in addition to between-person associations among minority stress, maladaptive coping, and social anxiety, model results indicated a within-person longitudinal association between maladaptive coping and social anxiety. As discussed, this study advances theory on minority stress from a relational communication lens, and has implications for practitioners working with sexual minority youth.
Factors limiting women’s adherence to venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after cesarean section in the Gaza Strip: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Aldabbour Belal , Abu Sidgh Ola , Haboush Israa , Jalhum Eman , Alsmary Shimaa , Irheem Sara , Elamassie Samah , Zimmo Mohammad , Asad Mohammad Dabour
Published: October 2023

Objectives

We evaluate the rates and limitations of women’s adherence to low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) after cesarean section (CS) in the Gaza Strip.

Methods

Women who underwent CS were recruited consecutively. Communication offered to women, adherence to Venous thromboembolism (VTE), and its limiting factors were surveyed.

Results

281 women participated (mean age 27.9 years). 51.95% fully adhered to VTE prophylaxis. Causes of suboptimal adherence were: 51.1% did not feel VTE prophylaxis was important, 37.8% due to high drug cost, and 11.1% didn’t receive a prescription for LMWH at discharge. Poor communication was evident as 48.8% of the sample did not receive any instructions about the technical method of LMWH injection, 45.6% did not receive any information about the clinical significance of heparin, and 74.7% were unaware of LMWH side effects.

Conclusion

There is inadequate adherence to VTE prophylaxis after CS among Gaza women, mostly due to a lack of appropriate communication but also due to drug costs.
Association of Postless Distraction in Hip Arthroscopy With Decreased Postoperative Groin Numbness
Authors: Parkes Chad W. , Featherall Joseph , McGrale Cody T. , Reader Lindsey L. , Adeyemi Temitope F. , Aoki Stephen K. , Maak Travis G.
Published: October 2023

Background:

Patients undergoing hip arthroscopy performed with perineal post distraction may experience postoperative nerve and soft tissue complications related to the perineal post.

Purpose:

To compare rates of postoperative numbness in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) with postless distraction and perineal post distraction methods.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was performed on patients who underwent hip arthroscopy for FAIS, with postless distraction and perineal post distraction methods. Medical records were reviewed for patient characteristics, radiographic data, and operative data. Traction force data were collected on all patients prospectively using a previously validated method. Data on postoperative numbness (presence/absence and regionality) were collected prospectively at routine postoperative follow-ups (6-week and 3-month postoperative clinic visits).

Results:

Overall, 195 patients were included, with 94 patients (mean age, 30.4 years) in the postless distraction cohort and 101 patients (mean age, 31.9 years) in the post distraction cohort. The overall numbness rates were 29 of 94 (30.9%) in the postless distraction group and 45 of 101 (44.6%) in the post distraction group ( P = .068). Rates of postoperative groin numbness were 1 of 94 (1.1%) in the postless distraction group and 19 of 101 (18.8%) in the post distraction group ( P < .001). Multivariate analysis for postoperative groin numbness demonstrated post distraction (odds ratio [OR], 16.5; P = .022) and traction time (OR, 1.7; P = .020) to be statistically significant variables. In subgroup analysis of the post distraction group, traction time ( P = .015), but not holding ( P = .508) or maximum traction force ( P = .665), reached statistical significance in patients who developed postoperative groin numbness.

Conclusion:

Postless distraction hip arthroscopy demonstrated a statistically significantly lower rate of groin numbness rates in comparison with a traditional perineal post distraction method. In the post distraction group, traction time was significantly higher in patients who developed postoperative groin numbness than in those who did not.
A Scoping Review on Gender/Sex Differences in COVID-19 Vaccine Intentions and Uptake in the United States
Authors: Sileo Katelyn M. , Hirani Inara M. , Luttinen Rebecca L. , Hayward Matt , Fleming Paul J.
Published: October 2023

Objective

To explore the empirical literature on gender/sex differences in vaccine acceptance among U.S.-based adults and adolescents in approximately the first 2 years of the pandemic.

Data source

Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, EBSCO, CINAHL, Web of Science

Study inclusion and exclusion criteria

Peer-reviewed studies conducted in the U.S. with those aged 12 and older, published in English before January 12, 2022, examining the relationship between gender/sex on COVID-19 vaccine intentions and/or uptake.

Data extraction

Three authors screened studies and extracted data.

Data Synthesis

Univariate and multivariate results are summarized.

Results

A total of 53 studies met inclusion criteria (48 intentions, 7 uptake), using mostly cross-sectional designs (92.5%) and non-random sampling (83.0%). The majority of studies supported men’s greater intentions to vaccinate compared to women, and men’s greater vaccine uptake in univariate analyses, but most multivariate analyses supported no gender differences in uptake. Few studies examined gender beyond binary categories (women/men), highlighting a gap in the studies inclusive of transgender or gender-diverse populations in analyses.

Conclusion

Women may have been more hesitant to get the vaccine than men early in the pandemic, but these differences may not translate to actual behavior. Future research should include non-binary/transgender populations, explore the gender-specific reasons for hesitancy and differences by sub-populations, utilize more rigorous designs, and test gender-sensitive public health campaigns to mitigate vaccine concerns.
Logical circuitry—perverse circuitry
Authors: Franklin Seb
Published: October 2023

This essay argues that the figure of the circuit that recurs across Denise Ferreira da Silva’s Unpayable Debt, which might be too easily treated as a passing metaphor, illuminates the book's most significant concerns: the problem of unity; relationships among the economic, the ethical, and the juridical; and the reticulated dynamics of ‘free’ labor and racialized slavery in the circulation of value. Building on Ferreira da Silva's references to circuitry, the essay posits the emergent, recursive circuits of cybernetic social theory and ecology as unintentional yet strikingly revealing diagrams of the capital-race dynamic.
The Role of Hindu Mandirs in Addressing Intimate Partner Violence Among South Asian American Communities
Authors: Reddy Swathi M.
Published: October 2023

There is a growing body of literature that documents high rates of intimate partner violence within South Asian American communities, indicating a critical need for research that can respond directly to this issue. From a socioecological perspective, Hindu temples can influence members’ behaviors at multiple levels of change and thus may be important sites of collaboration for the prevention of intimate partner violence. Through in-depth qualitative interviews with South Asian families, temple leaders, and community stakeholders, this study indicates that Hindu temples have tremendous capacity to significantly impact intimate partner violence within South Asian American communities.
Experiences of trust in mothers of hospitalized children toward pediatric nurses
Authors: Kim Mi-Ra , Chae Sun-Mi
Published: October 2023

Trust is an essential component of qualified nursing care and correlated with mothers’ satisfaction during child’s hospitalization. This exploratory qualitative study was conducted to gain a better understanding of trust from mothers of hospitalized children toward pediatric nurses. Data were collected using semi-structured, in-depth interviews with eight mothers with recently hospitalized children. Collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis. As a result, three themes were identified from this study: “assessing the trustworthiness of pediatric nurses,” “overcoming emotional burden caused by the child's hospitalization,” and “newly recognizing the importance of pediatric nurses.” Seven sub-themes were identified. Mothers reported guilt and stress due to their responsibility as the primary caregiver when children were hospitalized. However, mothers felt empowered and gained confidence when trusting pediatric nurses, recognizing their importance, and accepting their help. The result highlights the essential nature of the mother’s trust in pediatric nurses, which in turn facilitated emotional support and empowerment for the mothers. Based on this study's insights into the unique experiences of trust from mothers of hospitalized children, pediatric nurses can explore strategies to facilitate trust-building. Based on these findings, pediatric nurses can develop trust-building strategies, tools to assess the level of trust, and interventions to facilitate trust-building.
Proteomics analysis of carotid body tumor revealed potential mechanisms and molecular differences among Shamblin classifications
Authors: Lv Yanze , Gu Guangchao , Zeng Rong , Liu Zhili , Wu Jianqiang , Zheng Yuehong
Published: October 2023

Carotid body tumors (CBTs) are a rare type of paraganglioma, and surgical resection is the only effective treatment. Because of the proximity of CBTs to the carotid artery, jugular vein, and cranial nerve, surgery is extremely difficult, with high risks of hemorrhage and neurovascular injury. The Shamblin classification is used for CBT clinical evaluation; however, molecular mechanisms underlying classification differences remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate pathogenic mechanisms and molecular differences between CBT types. In Shamblin I, II, and III tumors, differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified using direct data-independent acquisition (DIA). DEPs were validated using immunohistochemistry. Proteomics profiling of three Shamblin subtypes differed significantly. Bioinformatics analysis showed that adrenomedullin signaling, protein kinase A signaling, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling, ephrin receptor signaling, gap junction signaling, interleukin (IL)-1 signaling, actin cytoskeleton signaling, endothelin-1 signaling, angiopoietin signaling, peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR) signaling, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) signaling, and IL-6 signaling pathways were significantly enriched. Furthermore, 60 DEPs changed significantly with tumor progression. Immunohistochemistry validated several important DEPs, including aldehyde oxidase 1 (AOX1), mediator complex subunit 22 (MED22), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), and heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1). To our knowledge, this is the first application of proteomics quantification in CBT. Our results will deepen the understanding of CBT-related pathogenesis and aid in identifying therapeutic targets for CBT treatment.
In the Rough: Evaluation of Convergence Across Trust Assessment Techniques Using an Autonomous Golf Cart
Authors: Tenhundfeld Nathan L. , Forsyth Jason , Sprague Nathan R. , El-Tawab Samy , Cotter Jenna E. , Vangsness Lisa
Published: October 2023

As automated and autonomous systems become more widely available, the ability to integrate them into environments seamlessly becomes more important. One cognitive construct that can predict the use, misuse, and disuse of automated and autonomous systems is trust that a user has in the system. The literature has explored not only the predictive nature of trust but also the ways in which it can be evaluated. As a result, various measures, such as physiological and behavioral measures, have been proposed as ways to evaluate trust in real-time. However, inherent differences in the measurement approaches (e.g., task dependencies and timescales) raise questions about whether the use of these approaches will converge upon each other. If they do, then the selection of any given proven approach to trust assessment may not matter. However, if they do not converge, it raises questions about the ability of these measures to assess trust equally and whether discrepancies are attributable to discriminant validity or other factors. The present study used various trust assessment techniques for passengers in a self-driving golf-cart. We find little to no convergence across measures, raising questions that need to be addressed in future research.