bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lentivirus-Induced Dendritic Cells (iDC) for Immune-Regenerative Therapies in Cancer and Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Stripecke Renata
Published: August 2014

Conventional dendritic cells (cDC) are ex vivo differentiated professional antigen presenting cells capable of potently stimulating naïve T cells and with vast potential for immunotherapeutic applications. The manufacture of clinical-grade cDC is relatively complex and requires several days for completion. Clinical trials showed poor trafficking of cDC from subcutaneous injection sites to lymph nodes (LN), where DC can optimally stimulate naïve lymphocytes for long-lasting memory responses. We demonstrated in mouse and human systems that a single overnight ex vivo lentiviral (LV) gene transfer into DC precursors for production of combination of cytokines and antigens was capable to induce autonomous self-differentiation of antigen-loaded DC in vitro and in vivo. These highly viable induced DC (iDC) effectively migrated from the injected skin to LN, where they effectively activated de novo antigen-specific effector memory T cells. Two iDC modalities were validated in relevant animal models and are now in clinical development: Self-differentiated Myeloid-derived Antigen-presenting-cells Reactive against Tumors co-expressing GM-CSF/IL-4/TRP2 for melanoma immunotherapy in the autologous setting (SmartDCtrp2), and Self-differentiated Myeloid-derived Lentivirus-induced against human cytomegalovirus as an allogeneic matched adoptive cell after stem cell transplantation (SmyleDCpp65). The lentiviral vector design and packaging methodology has “evolved” continuously in order to simplify and optimize function and biosafety of in vitro and in vivo genetic reprogramming of iDC. Here, we address the challenges seeking for new creations of genetically programmed iDC and integrase-defective LV vaccines for immune regeneration.
SMA Syndrome Treated by Single Incision Laparoscopic Duodenojejunostomy
Authors: Kim Sungsoo , Kim Yoo Seok , Min Young-Don
Published: August 2014

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a mechanical duodenal obstruction by the SMA. The traditional approach to SM A syndrome was open bypass surgery. Nowadays, a conventional approach has been replaced by laparoscopic surgery. But single incision laparoscopic approach for SMA syndrome is rare. Herein, we report the first case of SMA syndrome patient who was treated by single incision laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy.
Dissolved greenhouse gases (nitrous oxide and methane) associated with the natural iron-fertilized Kerguelen region (KEOPS 2 cruise) in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Farías L. , Florez-Leiva L. , Besoain V. , Fernández C.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. The concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) like nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) were measured in the Kerguelen Plateau Region (KPR), an area with annual microalgal bloom caused by natural Fe fertilization, which may stimulate microbes involved in GHG cycling. This study was carried out during the KEOPS 2 cruise during the austral spring of 2011. Two transects were sampled along and across the KRP, the north–south (N–S) transect (46–51° S, 72° E meridian) and the west–east (W–E) transect (66–75° E, 48.3° S latitude), both associated with the presence of a plateau, polar fronts and other mesoscale features. The W–E transect had N2O levels ranging from equilibrium (105%) to light supersaturation (120%) with respect to the atmosphere. CH4 levels fluctuated dramatically, with intense supersaturations (120–970%) in areas close to the coastal waters of Kerguelen Island and in the polar front (PF). There, Fe and nutrient fertilization seem to promote high total chlorophyll a (TChl a) levels. The distribution of both gases was more homogenous in the N–S transect, but CH4 peaked at southeastern stations of the KPR (A3 stations), where phytoplankton bloom was observed. Both gases responded significantly to the patchy distribution of particulate matter as Chl a, stimulated by Fe supply by complex mesoscale circulation. While CH4 appears to be produced mainly at the pycnoclines, N2O seems to be consumed superficially. Air–sea fluxes for N2O (from −10.5 to 8.65, mean 1.71 μmol m−2d−1), and for CH4 (from 0.32 to 38.1, mean 10.07 μmol m−2d−1) reflected sink and source behavior for N2O and source behavior for CH4, with considerable variability associated with a highly fluctuating wind regime and, in the case of CH4, due to its high superficial levels that had not been reported before in the Southern Ocean and may be caused by an intense microbial CH4 cycling.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DOS PRODUTOS GERADORES DE RESÍDUOS QUÍMICOS PERIGOSOS: ESTUDO EM UM HOSPITAL PÚBLICO UNIVERSITÁRIO
Authors: Costa Taiza Florêncio , Felli Vanda Elisa Andres , Takayanagui Angela Maria Magosso , Albertini Leny Borghesan , Baptista Patrícia Campos Pavan
Published: August 2014

Estudo descritivo com o objetivo de identificar nas áreas de farmácia e almoxarifado de um Hospital Universitário os grupos de produtos caracterizados como geradores de Resíduos Químicos Perigosos segundo a classificação dos dispositivos legais. Para coleta de dados, realizada em 2008, foi utilizado um formulário para identificação destes produtos. A análise dos dados revelou a existência de 138 itens classificados em 12 Grupos de produtos que, uma vez utilizados ou vencidos, geram resíduos com características de periculosidade de acordo com a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária brasileira. O princípio ativo desses produtos apresentam riscos à saúde, como toxicidade aos diversos órgãos e sistemas do corpo humano, assim como potencial de inflamabilidade, corrosividade e reatividade de algumas substâncias. Essas características são de grande relevância, uma vez que os resíduos químicos poderão, em algum momento, causar impacto negativo para a saúde do trabalhador, saúde pública e meio ambiente.
Morphology of some rare and threatened Polish Basidiomycota
Authors: Wojewoda Władysław
Published: August 2014

Morphological analysis and orginal illustrations of microscopic elements of 20 species of Basidiomycota (19 of Basidiomycetes and 1 of Urediniomycetes) are the subject of this article. The species arc rare in Poland according to recent distributional maps. The maps of 17 of them: Amylocorticium cebennese, A. subincamatum, A. subsulphureum, Bovista paludosa, Clavariadelphus truncatus, Clavulicium macounii, Conohypha albocremea, Daedaleopsis tricolor, Fomitiporia hippophaeicola, Hymenochaele cruenta, Irpicodon pendulus, Punclularia strigisozonata, Scotomyces subviolaceus, Syzygospora pallida, Thanatephorus sterigmaticus, Trichaptum biforme and Tubulicrinis borealis, were published by Wojewoda (2002) in the "Atlas of the geographical distribution of fungi in Poland", Fasc. 2. The further 3 maps of Coniophora olivacea, Helicobasidium pupureum and Veluticeps ambigua will be published soon in the same series in Fasc. 3.
Distribution of some lichenicolous fungi in Poland
Authors: Czyżewska Krystyna
Published: August 2014

Nineteen species of lichenicolous fungi collected in 129 localities in Poland in the years 1968 and 1970-2003 are reported in the paper. They are as follows: Athelia arachnoidea (Berk.) Jülich, Tremella cladoniae Diederich et M.S. Chrst., T. hypogymniae Diederich et M.S. Chris., T. lichecola Diederich, Clypeococcum hypocenomycis D. Hawksw., Polycoccum superficiale D. Hawksw. et Miądlikowska, Nectria lecanodes Ces., Pronectria erythrinella (Nyl.) Lowen, Cortocifraga fuckelii (Rehm) D. Hawksw. et R. Sant., C. peltigerae (Nyl.) D. Hawksw. et R. Sant., Libertiella malmedyensis Speg. et Roum., Lichenoconium erodens M.S. Christ. et D. Hawksw., L. lecanorae (Jaap) D. Hawksw., L. pyxidatae (Oudem.) Petrak et Sydow, Vouauxiella lichenicola (Lindsay) Petrak et Sydow, Bispora christiansenii D. Hawksw., Illosporium carneum Fr., Karsteniomyces peltigerae (P. Karst.) D. Hawksw. and Taeniolella beschiana Diederich.
Myxomycetes of the nature reserve near Wałbrzych (SW Poland). II. Dependence on the substrate and seasonality
Authors: Stojanowska Wanda , Panek Eugeniusz
Published: August 2014

Results confirm domination of the occurrence of slime moulds on decaying wood of Fagus (33 taxa), as well as on Tilia (31). The list of species found on wood of Acer pseudoplatanus was extended up to 18. In such a specific microhabitat as litter 33 taxa were found, and among them abundant occurrence of Diachea leucopodia and Diderma testaceum was conspicuous. Dependence of the occurrence of myxomycetes on climatic conditions is manifeted by various periods of "fructification" of particular species. August and September were the most favourable months (49 taxa each) while July was the worst one (30 taxa). Slime moulds inhabiting litter had their maximum from June to August.
Recent collections of powdery mildews (Erysiphales) in Poland
Authors: Świderska Urszula , Wołczańska Agata , Kozłowska Monika , Mułenko Wiesław , Mamczarz Magdalena
Published: August 2014

Findings on the occurrence of 17 species of powdery mildews in Poland and Europe, collected on 37 plant taxa (species, varieties), are reported. Eight species were found on 13 host species not noted in Europe before. 2A species of plants are new hosts for these fungi in Poland. The greatest number of plants (10 species) was infected by Erysiphe berberidis.
Rheological changes induced by clast fragmentation in debris flows
Authors: Caballero Lizeth , Sarocchi Damiano , Soto Enrique , Borselli Lorenzo
Published: August 2014

On the basis of rotating drum analogue experiments, we describe a fragmentation process acting within debris flows during transport and its influence on rheologic behavior. Our hypothesis is based on a detailed textural analysis including granulometry, clast morphology, and rheologic properties of the fluid matrix. Results of the experiments point out that breakage of certain granulometric classes produces fine particles like fine sand and silt. The population growth of fine clasts with time leads to an increase in yield strength and viscosity that progressively modifies the rheologic behavior. From a textural point of view, this is reflected in a bimodal granulometric distribution. Up to now this characteristic has been explained as the effect of bulking and/or sedimentation processes during transport. Our experimental results show that the type of fragmentation depends on particle size and is the consequence of strong clast‐clast interaction and clast‐fluid interactions. Coarse particles develop small fractures which cause the loss of sharp edges and asperities. Medium‐sized particles develop through‐going fractures that cause them to break apart. The latter process explains why intermediate granulometric classes progressively diminish with time in debris flows. Analogue experiments enable us to study the efficacy of clast fragmentation in modifying the textural character and flow behavior of debris flows without the influence of external factors such as erosion and sedimentation. The obtained results constitute the base of a new approach for modeling debris flow dynamics.
Reassessment of satellite‐based estimate of aerosol climate forcing
Authors: Ma Xiaoyan , Yu Fangqun , Quaas Johannes
Published: August 2014

Large uncertainties exist in estimations of aerosol direct radiative forcing and indirect radiative forcing, and the values derived from global modeling differ substantially with satellite‐based calculations. Following the approach of Quaas et al. (2008; hereafter named Quaas2008), we reassess satellite‐based clear‐ and cloudy‐sky radiative forcings and their seasonal variations by employing updated satellite products from 2004 to 2011 in combination with the anthropogenic aerosol optical depth (AOD) fraction obtained from model simulations using the Goddard Earth Observing System‐Chemistry‐Advanced Particle Microphysics (GEOS‐Chem‐APM). Our derived annual mean aerosol clear‐sky forcing (−0.59 W m−2) is lower, while the cloudy‐sky forcing (−0.34 W m−2) is higher than the corresponding results (−0.9 W m−2 and −0.2 W m−2, respectively) reported in Quaas2008. Our study indicates that the derived forcings are sensitive to the anthropogenic AOD fraction and its spatial distribution but insensitive to the temporal resolution used to obtain the regression coefficients, i.e., monthly or seasonal based. The forcing efficiency (i.e., the magnitude per anthropogenic AOD) for the clear‐sky forcing based on this study is 19.9 W m−2, which is about 5% smaller than Quaas2008's value of 21.1 W m−2. In contrast, the efficiency for the cloudy‐sky forcing of this study (11 W m−2) is more than a factor of 2 larger than Quaas2008's value of 4.7 W m−2. Uncertainties tests indicate that anthropogenic fraction of AOD strongly affects the computed forcings while using aerosol index instead of AOD from satellite data as aerosol proxy does not appear to cause any significant differences in regression slopes and derived forcings.
Characterizing tropical Pacific water vapor and radiative biases in CMIP5 GCMs: Observation‐based analyses and a snow and radiation interaction sensitivity experiment
Authors: Li J.‐L. F. , Lee W.‐L. , Waliser D. E. , Stachnik Justin P. , Fetzer Eric , Wong Sun , Yue Qing
Published: August 2014

Significant systematic biases in the moisture fields within the tropical Pacific trade wind regions are found in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3/CMIP5) against profile and total column water vapor (TotWV) estimates from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder and TotWV from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager. Positive moisture biases occur in conjunction with significant biases of eastward low‐level moisture convergence north of the South Pacific Convergence Zone and south of the Intertropical Convergence Zone—the V‐shaped regions. The excessive moisture there is associated with overestimates of reflected upward shortwave (RSUT), underestimates of outgoing longwave radiation (RLUT) at the top of atmosphere (TOA), and underestimates of downward shortwave flux at the surface (RSDS) compared to Clouds and the Earth's Energy System, Energy Balance and Filled data. We characterize the impacts of falling snow and its radiation interaction, which are not included in most CMIP5 models, on the moisture fields using the National Center for Atmospheric Research‐coupled global climate model (GCM). A number of differences in the model simulation without snow‐radiation interactions are consistent with biases in the CMIP5 simulations. These include effective low‐level eastward/southeastward wind and surface wind stress anomalies, and an increase in TotWV, vertical profile of moisture, and cloud amounts in the V‐shaped region. The anomalous water vapor and cloud amount might be associated with the model increase of RSUT and decrease of RLUT at TOA and decreased RSDS in clear and all sky in these regions. These findings hint at the importance of water vapor‐radiation interactions in the CMIPS/CMIP5 model simulations that exclude the radiative effect of snow.
Entangling two distant non‐interacting microwave modes
Authors: Abdi Mehdi , Tombesi Paolo , Vitali David
Published: August 2014

A protocol able to prepare two remote and initially uncorrelated microwave modes in an entangled stationary state, which is certifiable using only local optical homodyne measurements id proposed. The protocol is an extension of continuous variable entanglement swapping, and exploits two hybrid quadripartite opto‐electro‐mechanical systems in which a nanomechanical resonator acts as a quantum interface able to entangle optical and microwave fields. The proposed protocol allows to circumvent the problems associated with the fragility of microwave photons with respect to thermal noise and may represent a fundamental tool for the realization of quantum networks connecting distant solid‐state and superconducting qubits, which are typically manipulated with microwave fields. The certifying measurements on the optical modes guarantee the success of entanglement swapping without the need of performing explicit measurements on the distant microwave fields.
Multidomain Hybrid Hydrogels: Spatially Resolved Photopatterned Synthetic Nanomaterials Combining Polymer and Low‐Molecular‐Weight Gelators
Authors: Cornwell Daniel J. , Okesola Babatunde O. , Smith David K.
Published: August 2014

A simple approach to a patterned multidomain gel is reported, combining a pH‐responsive low‐molecular‐weight gelator (LMWG) and a photoinducible polymer gelator (PG). Using SEM (scanning electron microscopy), NMR spectroscopy, and CD, we demonstrate that self‐assembly of the LMWG network occurs in the presence of the PG network, but that the PG has an influence on LMWG assembly kinetics and morphology. The application of a mask during photoirradiation allows patterning of the PG network; we define the resulting system as a “multidomain gel”—one domain consists of a LMWG, whereas the patterned region contains both LMWG and PG networks. The different domains have different properties with regard to diffusion of small molecules, and both gelator networks can control diffusion rates to give systems capable of controlled release. Such materials may have future applications in multikinetic control of drug release, or as patterned scaffolds for directed tissue engineering.
Vanadium‐katalysierte lösungsmittelfreie Synthese quartärer α‐Trifluormethylnitrile mittels elektrophiler Trifluormethylierung
Authors: Früh Natalja , Togni Antonio
Published: August 2014

Die direkte elektrophile Trifluormethylierung von Silylketeniminen (SKIs) mit hypervalenten Iodreagentien führt zur Bildung von quartären α‐Trifluormethylnitrilen in guter Ausbeute. Diese neue Reaktion wurde mit einer Auswahl substituierter SKIs unter lösungsmittelfreien Bedingungen mithilfe eines Vanadium(IV)‐Katalysators (5 Mol‐%) durchgeführt. Die somit erhaltenen Produkte können in wertvolle Bausteine für die fluororganische Chemie überführt werden.
Facile CH Bond Formation by Reductive Elimination at a Dinuclear Metal Site
Authors: Adams Richard D. , Rassolov Vitaly , Wong Yuen Onn
Published: August 2014

The electronically unsaturated dirhenium complex [Re2(CO)8(µ‐AuPPh3)(µ‐Ph)] (1) was obtained from the reaction of [Re2(CO)8{µ‐η2‐C(H)C(H)nBu}(µ‐H)] with [Au(PPh3)Ph]. The bridging {AuPPh3} group was replaced by a bridging hydrido ligand to yield the unsaturated dirhenium complex [Re2(CO)8(µ‐H)(µ‐Ph)] (2) by reaction of 1 with HSnPh3. Compound 2 reductively eliminates benzene upon addition of NCMe at 25 °C. The electronic structure of 2 and the mechanism of the reductive elimination of the benzene molecule in its reaction with NCMe were investigated by DFT computational analyses.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Reductive Methylation of Imines Using Carbon Dioxide and Molecular Hydrogen
Authors: Beydoun Kassem , Ghattas Ghazi , Thenert Katharina , Klankermayer Jürgen , Leitner Walter
Published: August 2014

The use of the well‐defined [Ru(triphos)(tmm)] catalyst, CO2 as C1 source, and H2 as reducing agent enabled the reductive methylation of isolated imines, as well as the direct coupling of amines with aldehydes and the subsequent reductive methylation of the in situ formed imines. The method, which afforded the corresponding N‐methyl amines in very good to excellent yields, was also used for the preparation of the antifungal agent butenafine in one step with no apparent waste, thus increasing the atom efficiency of its synthesis.
A Tetrameric Cage with D2h Symmetry through Alkyne Metathesis
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhang Chenxi , Noll Bruce C. , Long Hai , Jin Yinghua , Zhang Wei
Published: August 2014

Shape‐persistent covalent organic polyhedrons (COPs) with ethynylene linkers are usually prepared through kinetically controlled cross‐coupling reactions. The high‐yielding synthesis of ethynylene‐linked rigid tetrameric cages via one‐step alkyne metathesis from readily accessible triyne precursors is presented. The tetrameric cage contains two macrocyclic panels and exhibits D2h symmetry. The assembly of such a COP is a thermodynamically controlled process, which involves the initial formation of macrocycles as key intermediates followed by the connection of two macrocycles with ethynylene linkages. With a large internal cavity, the cage exhibits a high binding selectivity toward C70 (K=3.9×103 L mol−1) over C60 (no noticeable binding).
Asymmetric Alkynylation/Lactamization Cascade: An Expeditious Entry to Enantiomerically Enriched Isoindolinones
Authors: Bisai Vishnumaya , Suneja Arun , Singh Vinod K.
Published: August 2014

An unprecedented CuI–pybox‐diPh‐catalyzed highly enantioselective (up to >99 % ee) alkynylation/lactamization cascade has been developed as a general catalytic system for the synthesis of diversely substituted isoindolinones of immense biological importance. The cascade effects one CC and two CN bond‐forming events in one reaction vessel under operationally simple, additive‐free reaction conditions in good to excellent yields. The methodology was further extended to the synthesis of tetrahydroisoquinoline scaffolds common to several biologically active natural products in a two‐step sequence with remarkable selectivity (up to 94 % ee).
A Multitasking Vanadium‐Dependent Chloroperoxidase as an Inspiration for the Chemical Synthesis of the Merochlorins
Authors: Diethelm Stefan , Teufel Robin , Kaysser Leonard , Moore Bradley S.
Published: August 2014

The vanadium‐dependent chloroperoxidase Mcl24 was discovered to mediate a complex series of unprecedented transformations in the biosynthesis of the merochlorin meroterpenoid antibiotics. In particular, a site‐selective naphthol chlorination is followed by an oxidative dearomatization/terpene cyclization sequence to build up the stereochemically complex carbon framework of the merochlorins in one step. Inspired by the enzyme reactivity, a chemical chlorination protocol paralleling the biocatalytic process was developed. These chemical studies led to the identification of previously overlooked merochlorin natural products.
Synthesis and Self‐Assembly of Thermoresponsive Amphiphilic Biodegradable Polypeptide/Poly(ethyl ethylene phosphate) Block Copolymers
Authors: Wu Qiuhua , Zhou Dan , Kang Renyu , Tang Xiuping , Yang Qi , Song Ximing , Zhang Guolin
Published: August 2014

We report the design and synthesis of new fully biodegradable thermoresponsive amphiphilic poly(γ‐benzyl L‐glutamate)/poly(ethyl ethylene phosphate) (PBLG‐b‐PEEP) block copolymers by ring‐opening polymerization of N‐carboxy‐γ‐benzyl L‐glutamate anhydride (BLGNCA) with amine‐terminated poly(ethyl ethylene phosphate) (H2NPEEP) as a macroinitiator. The fluorescence technique demonstrated that the block copolymers could form micelles composed of a hydrophobic core and a hydrophilic shell in aqueous solution. The morphology of the micelles as determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was spherical. The size and critical micelle concentration (CMC) values of the micelles showed a decreasing trend as the PBLG segment increased. However, UV/Vis measurements showed that these block copolymers exhibited a reproducible temperature‐responsive behavior with a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) that could be tuned by the block composition and the concentration.
Efficient Red Electroluminescent Devices with Sterically Hindered Phosphorescent Platinum(II) Schiff Base Complexes and Iridium Complex Codopant
Authors: Zhou Liang , Kwong Chun‐Lam , Kwok Chi‐Chung , Cheng Gang , Zhang Hongjie , Che Chi‐Ming
Published: August 2014

Sterically hindered platinum(II) Schiff base complexes were prepared. Complex 4, which displays red emission with a quantum yield of 0.29 in a thin film and a self‐quenching rate constant of 1×10−7 dm3 mol−1 s−1, was used to fabricate organic light‐emitting diodes with single or double emissive layers (EMLs). An iridium(III) complex with a wide band gap was codoped into the electron‐dominant EML to act as a deep electron trapper, and red‐light‐emitting devices with the highest current, power, and external quantum efficiencies of 20.43 cd A−1 18.33 Lm W−1, and 11.7 %, respectively, were fabricated. A high current efficiency and EQE of up to 14.69 cd A−1 and 8.3 %, respectively, were achieved at a high brightness of 1000 cd m−2. The significant delay of efficiency roll‐off is attributed to the bulky 3D structure of the norbornene moiety at the periphery of the Schiff base ligand of 4 and to the new device design strategy. The fabricated device had a projected lifetime (LT50) of 18 000 h.
Chirality Control of Quadruple Helixes of Metal Strings by Peripheral Chiral Ligands
Authors: Yu Chung‐Han , Kuo Min‐Shiang , Chuang Ching‐Yi , Lee Gene‐Hsiang , Hua Shao‐An , Jin Bih‐Yaw , Peng Shie‐Ming
Published: August 2014

Chirality control of helixes with the Δ (P) or Λ (M) form is interesting in various fields such as extended metal atom chains (EMACs), in which the metal backbones are helically wrapped by four ligands. Herein, we report two EMACs, Δ‐[Ni5((−)camnpda)4] and Λ‐[Ni5((+)camnpda)4], whose chiralities are controlled by chiral ligands with naphthyridine and camphorsulfonyl groups. There is a large energy difference (108 kcal mol−1) between the two helical structures with one chiral ligand. Furthermore, the electron communication between [Ni2]3+ units is more pronounced than in [Ni5(bna)4Cl2]2+ (bna=binaphthyridylamido). The results demonstrate control of small‐scale helical structure and set the stage for future development of chiral controlled base and nanoelectronic devices.
Event‐triggered Control of Linear Systems with Saturated Inputs
Authors: Ni Wei , Zhao Ping , Wang Xiaoli , Wang Jinhuan
Published: August 2014

This paper investigates the event‐triggered control of linear systems with saturated state feedback and saturated observer‐based feedback, respectively. The problem of simultaneously deriving stabilizing event‐triggered controllers and tackling saturation nonlinearity is cast into a standard linear matrix inequalities problem. Key topics are studied, such as event‐triggered observer design and event‐triggered saturated observer‐based feedback synthesis. Important issues are touched on, including the existence of the positive lower bound for inter‐event times, and self‐triggered algorithms.
The effect of electromagnetic fields on the proliferation and the osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells modulated by dexamethasone
Authors: Song Mingyu , Zhao Dongming , Wei Sheng , Liu Chaoxu , Liu Yang , Wang Bo , Zhao Wenchun , Yang Kaixiang , Yang Yong , Wu Hua
Published: August 2014

Although glucocorticoids provide benefits for inflammation or autoimmune disorders, high‐dose and long‐term use could cause osteonecrosis or osteoporosis as adverse effect for patients. Electromagnetic field (EMF) treatments have been clinically used for many years to promote fracture healing, but whether EMF can attenuate the deleterious effects of glucocorticoids is not clear. In this study, the effects of different concentrations of dexamethasone (DEX) on proliferation and adipogenic or osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were detected and compared, and the effects of EMF treatment (15 Hz, 1 mT, 4 h/day) on 0.1 µM DEX‐modulated BMSCs' proliferation and adipogenic or osteogenic differentiation were investigated. Higher concentrations of DEX (0.1 and 1 µM) inhibited proliferation of BMSCs but promoted expression of adipogenic‐related genes, increasing the number of lipid droplets. In the early stage of differentiation, DEX restrained expression of RUNX2 and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), but amplified expression of ALP and osteopontin (OPN) in the late stage. EMF treatment of BMSCs influenced by 0.1 µM DEX inhibited the high expression of adipogenic‐related genes, stimulated the expression of RUNX2, ALP, OPN, and osteocalcin, and increased the activity of ALP. EMF exposure augmented the expression of p‐ERK, which DEX reduced. After using mitogen‐activated protein/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK)/ERK signaling pathway inhibitor, U0126, the effect of EMF was reduced. In conclusion, EMF exposure accelerates BMSCs proliferation, inhibits adipogenic differentiation, and promotes osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs modulated by DEX, and these effects are mediated at least in part by MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Bioelectromagnetics. 35:479–490, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pregnancy incidence and outcome before and after cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kalliala Ilkka , Anttila Ahti , Nieminen Pekka , Halttunen Mervi , Dyba Tadeusz
Published: August 2014

We performed a retrospective cohort study of 3530 women treated for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland, to investigate whether CIN treatment itself affects pregnancy incidence and outcome. We estimated the incidence of live births, miscarriages, extrauterine pregnancies, molar pregnancies, and termination of pregnancies (TOPs) before and after CIN treatment using nationwide registers. Women were followed up until death, emigration, sterilization, or the end of 2004. The comparison of incidence of pregnancy outcomes before and after the treatment was estimated by calculating hazard ratios (HRs) with conditional Poisson regression. After 76,162 woman‐years of follow‐up, the incidence of any pregnancy remained constant over CIN‐treatment, HR 1.02 and 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97–1.08, but the incidence of the first pregnancy was significantly elevated after treatment, HR 1.13, and 95% CI 1.03–1.23. The incidence of live births was significantly elevated after treatment, HR 1.08 and 95% CI 1.01–1.15. Incidence of miscarriages, TOPs, extrauterine pregnancies, and molar pregnancies was not elevated. TOPs was significantly increased in the first pregnancy, HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.15–1.72 and after treatment by the loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.15–1.60. CIN treatment did not reduce pregnancy incidence and women had more live births after than before CIN treatment. TOPs was more common in the first pregnancy or after treatment by LEEP. We encourage research on the psychosocial consequences of CIN treatment also in other countries and settings.
Peptidyl Succinimidyl Peptides as Taspase 1 Inhibitors
Authors: van den Boom Johannes , Mamić Marija , Baccelliere Daniele , Zweerink Susanne , Kaschani Farnusch , Knauer Shirley , Bayer Peter , Kaiser Markus
Published: August 2014

Taspase 1 is an N‐terminal threonine protease implicated in leukemia and other cancers. Despite intensive efforts in recent years, only a limited number of Taspase 1 inhibitors are currently available, and they lack general applicability. Here we present a novel class of Taspase 1 inhibitors based on a peptidyl succinimidyl peptide motif. These inhibitors were obtained from the substrate cleavage sequence and mechanistic considerations involving the previously proposed asparaginase‐type cleavage mechanism. We anticipate that this class of Taspase 1 inhibitor will find wide application in further biochemical and structural studies, for example for better investigating the molecular details of the unusual enzymatic cleavage mechanism of Taspase 1.
Heterologous Production of Glidobactins/Luminmycins in Escherichia coli Nissle Containing the Glidobactin Biosynthetic Gene Cluster from Burkholderia DSM7029
Authors: Bian Xiaoying , Huang Fan , Wang Hailong , Klefisch Thorsten , Müller Rolf , Zhang Youming
Published: August 2014

Natural product peptide‐based proteasome inhibitors show great potential as anticancer drugs. Here we have cloned the biosynthetic gene cluster of a potent proteasome inhibitor—glidobactin from Burkholderia DSM7029—and successfully detected glidobactins/luminmycins in E. coli Nissle. We have also improved the yield of glidobactin A tenfold by promoter change in a heterologous host. In addition, two new biosynthetic intermediates were identified by comparative MS/MS fragmentation analysis. Identification of acyclic luminmycin E implies substrate specificity of the TE domain for cyclization. The establishment of a heterologous expression system for syrbactins provided the basis for the generation of new syrbactins as proteasome inhibitors by molecular engineering, but the TE domain's specificity cannot be ignored.
Pd/CeO2−x Nanorod Catalysts for CO Oxidation: Insights into the Origin of Their Regenerative Ability at Room Temperature
Authors: Zhou Yunyun , Lawrence Neil J. , Wu Tai‐Sing , Liu Jing , Kent Patrick , Soo Yun‐Liang , Cheung Chin Li
Published: August 2014

The decrease in the activity of a catalyst after use is a persistent challenge in the chemical industry. We report that palladium‐decorated ceria (Pd/CeO2−x, in which 0≤x<0.5) nanorod catalysts demonstrate regenerative ability for carbon monoxide oxidation at room temperature. Pd/CeO2−x catalysts with 75 % decreased catalytic activity can be regenerated and restored almost 100 % of their original catalytic activity by exposing them to ambient conditions for 24 h. X‐ray spectroscopy studies of the atomic structures and oxidation states of palladium in the catalyst found that the formation of disordered palladium oxide is partly accountable for its observed regenerative catalytic property.
Aqueous Phase Hydrogenation of Quinoline to Decahydroquinoline Catalyzed by Ruthenium Nanoparticles Supported on Glucose‐Derived Carbon Spheres
Authors: Zhu Deming , Jiang Hongbin , Zhang Lei , Zheng Xueli , Fu Haiyan , Yuan Maolin , Chen Hua , Li Ruixiang
Published: August 2014

A new ruthenium catalyst supported on glucose‐derived carbon spheres was prepared by using the impregnation method and then characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XRD, TEM, SEM, FTIR, and solid‐state 13C MAS NMR techniques. With water as the environmentally friendly solvent, the conversion of quinoline and the selectivity toward decahydroquinoline could reach 98.2 and 95.2 %, respectively, under mild conditions (reaction temperature=393 K and H2 pressure=2.0 MPa). The catalyst could be recycled thrice without decrease in activity and selectivity. The excellent catalytic performance of this catalyst may be attributed to the hydrogen bond between the hydroxyl group of the support surface and the nitrogen atom in quinoline as well as to the π–π interaction between the organic support and quinoline.
Coupled Electrokinetic Transport and Electron Transfer at Annular Nanoband Electrodes Embedded in Cylindrical Nanopores
Authors: Zaino Lawrence P. , Contento Nicholas M. , Branagan Sean P. , Bohn Paul W.
Published: August 2014

Convective mass transport is achieved in nanopore arrays containing embedded annular nanoband electrodes (EANEs) by using both two‐ and three‐electrode systems. In the two‐electrode configuration, the potential drop between the EANE and a counter/quasi‐reference electrode (CE/QRE) controls the electro‐osmotic flow (EOF). EOF enhances the rate of electron‐transfer reactions at an EANE array. Three‐electrode configurations, in which the EANE is placed between the CE/QRE and a second working electrode (WE2), are also studied. In the three‐electrode configuration, the position and magnitude of the current peaks are dependent on the WE2 potential. These shifts, which are characteristic of strong coupling between the EOF caused by WE2 and the faradaic processes monitored at the EANE, are explained by a combination of EOF and the concentration of analyte in the nanochannel. EOF is dictated collectively by the EANE and the WE2, because the potential at both electrodes is modified by substantial iR drops in the high‐resistance nanopores.
Photo‐bioelectrochemical Cells for Energy Conversion, Sensing, and Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Tel‐Vered Ran , Willner Itamar
Published: August 2014

The native photosynthetic reaction centers photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) act as functional nanostructures for the assembly of photo‐biofuel cells. By electrical wiring of PSI and/or PSII with electrodes, the conversion of light energy into electrical power has been demonstrated. Different methodologies to electrically contact the photosystems with the electrodes have been developed, including the reconstitution of the photosystems on relay units, the application of redox‐active polymers as charge‐transport matrices, and the use of metallic nanoparticles or nanoclusters as electron‐transfer relays. Electrical contact of the photosystems with the electrodes facilitates charge separation of the redox intermediates generated upon illumination of the assemblies, thus retarding destructive back electron‐transfer reactions and enhancing the conversion of light energy into electrical power. Recent advances to fabricate electrically wired PSI and/or PSII electrodes are surveyed, and different approaches to assemble photo‐bioelectrochemical cells are discussed. The limitations and future perspectives of the systems will also be presented.
A Highly Stable and Active Hybrid Cathode for Low‐Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Liang Fengli , Zhou Wei , Zhu Zhonghua
Published: August 2014

Improving the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is vital to enable the commercialization of some high‐temperature clean‐energy devices. Silver (Ag) is usually decorated onto the surface of electrodes to enhance ORR activity. However, the thermal instability of Ag causes the deactivation of ORR on coarsened particles under operating conditions. Here, we introduce a SrSc0.175Nb0.025Co0.8O3−δ (SSNC) perovskite hybrid cathode decorated with Ag@CeO2 core–shell spheres, which shows an extremely high performance for the ORR. Its area‐specific resistance is just 0.24 Ω cm2 at 500 °C, and it works stably under a cathodic polarization at 600 °C for over 110 h, without detectable performance deterioration. Electron microscopy reveals that the Ag cores remain isolated even after heating the catalyst to 800 °C. The design concept in this work can be extended to prevent the aggregation of other metallic electrocatalysts working at high temperatures.
Molecular Function of Counting the Numbers 1 and 2 Exhibited by a Sulfoneamidohelicene Tetramer
Authors: Shigeno Masanori , Kushida Yo , Kobayashi Yuta , Yamaguchi Masahiko
Published: August 2014

The sulfoneamidohelicene tetramer in solution exhibits different molecular responses to the same cooling stimulus delivered once and twice under thermal hysteresis conditions. Its random‐coil state at a high temperature was cooled and maintained at a given temperature for which its molecules remained in a random coil (first cooling); the resulting solution was heated and cooled, after which a helix dimer formed (second cooling). Such a property can be regarded as a molecular function of counting the numbers 1 and 2.
Dimers and Trimers of Diphosphenes: A Wealth of Cyclo‐Phosphanes
Authors: Bresien Jonas , Hering Christian , Schulz Axel , Villinger Alexander
Published: August 2014

Various new P‐based ring systems were synthesised by transferring established reaction routes from NP chemistry to the analogous PP compounds. Due to the different electronic situations of phosphorus and nitrogen with respect to s and p character of the lone pair, different reactivity of the phosphorus compounds was observed, especially with regard to the specificity of the reactions and the stability of the products. Whereas Mes*NPCl (Mes*=2,4,6‐tri‐tert‐butylphenyl) is stable in the solid state and in solution, the formal phosphorus congener Mes*PPCl is highly reactive and could not be observed. Instead, several formal dimers and trimers of Mes*PPCl could be isolated, which constitute an intriguing variety of three‐ and four‐membered ring systems.
Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Multichromophoric Carbonyl‐Bridged Triarylamines
Authors: Haedler Andreas T. , Beyer Sebastian R. , Hammer Natalie , Hildner Richard , Kivala Milan , Köhler Jürgen , Schmidt Hans‐Werner
Published: August 2014

The synthesis and photophysical properties of two novel multichromophoric compounds is presented. Their molecular design comprises a carbonyl‐bridged triarylamine core and either naphthalimides or 4‐(5‐hexyl‐2,2′‐bithiophene)naphthalimides as second chromophore in the periphery. The lateral chromophores are attached to the core via an amide linkage and a short alkyl spacer. The synthetic approach demonstrates a straightforward functionalization strategy for carbonyl‐bridged triarylamines. Steady‐state and time‐resolved spectroscopic investigations of these compounds, in combination with three reference compounds, provide clear evidence for energy transfer in both multichromophoric compounds. The direction of the energy transfer depends on the lateral chromophore used. Furthermore, the compound bearing the lateral 4‐(bithiophene)naphthaimides is capable of forming fluorescent gels at very low concentrations in the sub‐millimolar regime whilst retaining its energy transfer properties.
Development of a Mild and Versatile Directed Cycloaddition Approach to Pyridines
Authors: Bachollet Sylvestre P. J. T. , Vivat Jérôme F. , Cocker Dean C. , Adams Harry , Harrity Joseph P. A.
Published: August 2014

The aza‐Diels–Alder cycloaddition of 1,2,4‐triazines with alkynes offers a rapid and convenient method for the synthesis of highly substituted pyridines, but often requires harsh conditions and long reaction times. The present study offers a solution to these limitations by use of a temporary tether established by a Lewis acid–base complexation of in situ generated alkynylboranes and triazines bearing a Lewis basic donor. The cycloaddition reactions take place within 20 min at 40 °C and provide direct access to a broad range of pyridines with complete and predictable regiocontrol. The carbonboron bond can be further functionalised by cross‐coupling allowing further functionality to be introduced after cycloaddition.
Iridium(III)‐Catalyzed CH Amidation of Arylphosphoryls Leading to a P‐Stereogenic Center
Authors: Gwon Donghyeon , Lee Donggun , Kim Jiyu , Park Sehoon , Chang Sukbok
Published: August 2014

Direct CH amidation of arylphosphoryl compounds has been developed by using an IrIII catalyst system under mild conditions. A wide range of substrates could be employed with high functional‐group tolerance. This procedure was successfully applied for the first time to the asymmetric reaction giving rise to a P‐chirogenic center with a high diastereomeric ratio of up to 19:1 (90 % de).
Activation of SO2 and CO2 by Trivalent Uranium Leading to Sulfite/Dithionite and Carbonate/Oxalate Complexes
Authors: Schmidt Anna‐Corina , Heinemann Frank W. , Kefalidis Christos E. , Maron Laurent , Roesky Peter W. , Meyer Karsten
Published: August 2014

The first sulfite [{((nP,MeArO)3tacn)UIV}2(μ‐κ1:κ2‐SO3)] (tacn=triazacyclononane) and dithionite [{((nP,MeArO)3tacn)UIV}2(μ‐κ2:κ2‐S2O4)] complexes of uranium from reaction with gaseous SO2 have been prepared. Additionally, the reductive activation of CO2 was investigated with respect to the rare oxalate [{((nP,MeArO)3tacn)UIV}2(μ‐κ2:κ2‐C2O4)] formation. This ultimately provides the unique S2O42−/C2O42− and SO32−/CO32− complex pairs. All new complexes were characterized by a combination of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, elemental analysis, UV/Vis/NIR electronic absorption, IR vibrational, and 1H NMR spectroscopy, as well as magnetization (VT SQUID) studies. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to gain further insight into the reaction mechanisms. All observations, together with DFT, support the assumption that SO2 and CO2 show similar (dithionite/oxalate) to analogous (sulfite/carbonate) activation behavior with uranium complexes.
ChemInform Abstract: Neutron Diffraction Studies on Structural and Magnetic Properties of RE2NiGe3 (RE: La, Ce).
Authors: Kalsi Deepti , Rayaprol S. , Siruguri V. , Peter Sebastian C.
Published: August 2014

The title compounds are prepared by arc melting of the elements.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and Optical Properties of NH4Dy(PO3)4.
Authors: Chemingui S. , Ferhi M. , Horchani‐Naifer K. , Ferid M.
Published: August 2014

Polycrystalline NH4Dy(PO3)4 is grown from a mixture of Dy2O3 and excess (NH4)2HPO4 acting as reactive flux (350 °C, 2 d) and further transformed to Dy(PO3)3 by calcination (800 °C, 2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Stabilization by Si Substitution of the Pseudobinary Compound Gd2(Co3‐xSix) with Magnetocaloric Properties Around Room Temperature.
Authors: Tence Sophie , Caballero Flores Rafael , Chable Johann , Gorsse Stephane , Chevalier Bernard , Gaudin Etienne
Published: August 2014

The new solid solution Gd2(Co3‐xSix) (0.29 < x < 0.50) is obtained by arc‐melting of the elements.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Metastable SiIIX2 Solutions (X: F, Cl). A Novel Binary Halide for Synthesis.
Authors: Uhlemann Fabian , Koeppe Ralf , Schnepf Andreas
Published: August 2014

SiF2 (I) as well as SiCl2 (II) are prepared in the gas phase from Si and SiF4 (SiCl4) at 1510 °C (I) resp.
ChemInform Abstract: Co(III)(salen)‐Catalyzed Phenolic Kinetic Resolution of Two Stereocentered Benzyloxy and Azido Epoxides: Its Application in the Synthesis of ICI‐118,551, an anti‐Hypertensive Agent.
Authors: Karabal Pratibha U. , Kamble Dayanand A. , Sudalai Arumugam
Published: August 2014

The synthesis of anti‐alcohols (III) and syn‐alcohols (VI) is carried out by a phenolic kinetic resolution of corresponding epoxides (I) and (V) in the presence of a chiral cobalt salem catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Deracemization by Simultaneous Bio‐Oxidative Kinetic Resolution and Stereoinversion.
Authors: Turner Nicholas J. , et al. et al.
Published: August 2014

A novel chemo‐enzymatic deracemization is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Fluoroamines from Chiral Aziridines.
Authors: Park Hyeonjeong , Yoon Doo‐Ha , Ha Hyun‐Joon , Son Se In , Lee Won Koo
Published: August 2014

Ring opening of chiral aziridines (I) with Et3N·3HF gives both possible regioisomeric fluoroamines in ratios depending on the C‐2 substituent in the starting aziridine.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Free Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Alkynes with Hydrazine in the Presence of Oxygen.
Authors: Menges Nurettin , Balci Metin
Published: August 2014

A protocol for reduction of C‐C double and triple bonds is developed, which relies on the in situ generation of diimide from hydrazine hydrate by oxidation with oxygen.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Synthesis “on Water” vs “on Liquids”: A Comparative Analysis.
Authors: Sela Tal , Vigalok Arkadi
Published: August 2014

Several reactions that are accelerated under the “on water” conditions proceed equally well or better in other liquids or under neat conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Oxidative Direct α‐C—H Bond Functionalization of Cyclic Ethers: Selective C—O Bond Formation in the Presence of a Labile Aldehyde Group.
Authors: Barve Balaji D. , Wu Yang‐Chang , El‐Shazly Mohamed , Korinek Michal , Cheng Yuan‐Bin , Wang Jeh‐Jeng , Chang Fang‐Rong
Published: August 2014

A simple iron carbonyl catalyzed method for the α‐selective aryloxylation of cyclic ethers is developed using a variety of salicylic aldehydes as phenol derivative and tBuOOH as the oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycosyl Dithiocarbamates: β‐Selective Couplings Without Auxiliary Groups.
Authors: Padungros Panuwat , Alberch Laura , Wei Alexander
Published: August 2014

This β‐selective glycosyl coupling methodology is also extended to a reiterative synthesis of tetrasaccharides.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient N‐Formylation of Amines with Ammonium Formate Catalyzed by Nano‐Fe3O4 in PEG‐400.
Authors: Wang Zhao‐gang , Lu Ming
Published: August 2014

The nano‐Fe3O4 catalyst can be reused 5 times without loss in yield and no increase in reaction time.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Free, One‐Pot Chemocatalytic Conversion of Glycerol to Methyl Lactate Using Supported Gold Catalysts.
Authors: Purushothaman Rajeesh Kumar P. , van Haveren Jacco , Melian‐Cabrera Ignacio , van Eck Ernst R. H. , Heeres Hero J.
Published: August 2014

Au nanoparticles on ultra‐stable zeolite‐Y catalyzes the reaction of glycerol to methyl lactate in methanol.
ChemInform Abstract: Vortex Fluidic Promoted Diels—Alder Reactions in an Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Yasmin Lyzu , Stubbs Keith A. , Raston Colin L.
Published: August 2014

The reaction is performed in a vortex fluidic device (VFD), a thin film microfluidic platform, at a 45° tilt angle and 5000 rpm in the absence of a catalyst.