bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Families and Collective Futures: Developing a Program Logic Model for Arts-Based Psychosocial Practice With South African Rural Communities
Authors: Havsteen-Franklin Dominik , Swanepoel Marlize , Jones Jesika , Conradie Uné
Published: December 2021

Aim: This aim of this study is to describe the development of a program logic model to guide arts-based psychosocial practice delivered in rural South African farming communities affected by transgenerational traumas.

Background: The rationale for developing a program logic model for arts-based psychosocial practice in South Africa was based on the lack of evidence for effective community arts-based psychosocial interventions for collective trauma, unknown consensus about best practices and the need for developing cogent collective psychosocial practices. Further to this, the aims and benefits of the practice required clarity given the psychosocial complexity of the environment within which the practices for this population are being offered. The logic model offers a valuable resource for practitioners, participants and funders to understand the problem being addressed, how practice is defined, as well as the impact of practice and on intermediate and longer term goals.

Methods: The authors used a systematic iterative approach to describe the operationalization of arts-based psychosocial practice. This resulted in the design of the logic model being informed by data from focus groups, an overview of the literature regarding transgerenational trauma in this population, operational policies and organizational documents. The development of the logic model involved actively investigating with practitioners their work with remote farming communities. We thematised practitioners practice constructs to identify salient practice elements and their relationship to perceived benefits and lastly feedback from practitioners and participants following implementation to make adjustments to the logic model.

Results: The results were clearly identified in the form of visual mapping using the design of a program logic model. The logic model was divided into 5 parts and was verified by practitioners following implementation. The parts of the program logic model are (Part 1) main presenting problem, (Part 2) operational processes, (Part 3) practice elements, (Part 4) benefits, and impact and (Part 5) review.
Peer Review in Law Journals
Authors: Stojanovski Jadranka , Sanz-Casado Elías , Agnoloni Tommaso , Peruginelli Ginevra
Published: December 2021

The field of law has retained its distinctiveness regarding peer review to this day, and reviews are often conducted without following standardized rules and principles. External and independent evaluation of submissions has recently become adopted by European law journals, and peer review procedures are still poorly defined, investigated, and attuned to the legal science publishing landscape. The aim of our study was to gain a better insight into current editorial policies on peer review in law journals by exploring editorial documents (instructions, guidelines, policies) issued by 119 Croatian, Italian, and Spanish law journals. We relied on automatic content analysis of 135 publicly available documents collected from the journal websites to analyze the basic features of the peer review processes, manuscript evaluation criteria, and related ethical issues using WordStat8. Differences in covered topics between the countries were compared using the chi-square test. Our findings reveal that most law journals have adopted a traditional approach, in which the editorial board manages mostly anonymized peer review (104, 77%) engaging independent/external reviewers (65, 48%). Submissions are evaluated according to their originality and relevance (113, 84%), quality of writing and presentation (94, 70%), comprehensiveness of literature references (93, 69%), and adequacy of methods (57, 42%). The main ethical issues related to peer review addressed by these journals are reviewer’s competing interests (42, 31%), plagiarism (35, 26%), and biases (30, 22%). We observed statistically significant differences between countries in mentioning key concepts such as “Peer review ethics”, “Reviewer”, “Transparency of identities”, “Publication type”, and “Research misconduct”. Spanish journals favor reviewers’ “Independence” and “Competence” and “Anonymized” peer review process. Also, some manuscript types popular in one country are rarely mentioned in other countries. Even though peer review is equally conventional in all three countries, high transparency in Croatian law journals, respect for research integrity in Spanish ones, and diversity and inclusion in Italian are promising indicators of future development.
Systems Astrochemistry: A New Doctrine for Experimental Studies
Authors: Mason Nigel J. , Hailey Perry A. , Mifsud Duncan V. , Urquhart James S.
Published: December 2021

Laboratory experiments play a key role in deciphering the chemistry of the interstellar medium (ISM) and the formation of complex organic molecules (COMs) relevant to life. To date, however, most studies in experimental astrochemistry have made use of a reductionist approach to experimental design in which chemical responses to variations in a single parameter are investigated while all other parameters are held constant. Although such work does afford insight into the chemistry of the ISM, it is likely that several important points (e.g., the possible influence of experimental parameter interaction) remain ambiguous. In light of this, we propose the adoption of a new “systems astrochemistry” approach for experimental studies and present the basic tenants and advantages of this approach in this perspective article. Such an approach has already been used for some time now and to great effect in the field of prebiotic chemistry, and so we anticipate that its application to experimental astrochemistry will uncover new data hitherto unknown which could aid in better linking laboratory work to observations and models.
“Illegal” Gold Mining Operations in Ghana: Implication for Climate-Smart Agriculture in Northwestern Ghana
Authors: Yiridomoh Gordon Yenglier
Published: December 2021

Globally, climate-smart agriculture is highly recognized as an approach for sustainable agriculture and food systems. In Africa and other developing countries, climate-smart agriculture is observed to reposition and modify agricultural systems for improved food and nutritional security. Despite the relevance of the approach to sustainable agricultural planning, illegal gold mining in many parts of the society is placing constraints to its implementation and adoption through its contest with agricultural land for space and activities. Illegal gold mining is on the rise due to the lucrativeness of the non-regulated gold rush opportunities with hard consequences on sustainable agriculture and resilience food systems. As a result, this study seeks to investigate illegal gold mining and its environmental implication for climate-smart agriculture in Ghana. The study used a single case study using a mixed-methods approach to research. The study adopted purposive and systematic sampling techniques to select the study communities and respondents, respectively. Questionnaire and interviews were used to gather the primary data from respondents at the household level, as the unit of analysis. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis reveal that known agricultural practices such as terracing, crop rotation, use of domestic waste/manure, and irrigation of crops were affected adversely by activities of illegal mining. The study recommends the need for conscious efforts from the Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources to sustain the ban on illegal mining with intensified monitoring and supervision while a systematic scheme involving relevant stakeholders is developed and implemented to ban illegal mining in Ghana completely. The Ministry of Food and Agriculture needs to develop an approach to support the adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices by smallholder farmers to meet the food demand of their households.
Quality of Life Is Not Deteriorated After Extrapleural Pneumonectomy vs. (Extended) Pleurectomy/Decortication in Patients With Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Lauk Olivia , Patella Miriam , Neuer Thomas , Inci Ilhan , Weder Walter , Opitz Isabelle
Published: December 2021

Background: Extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is highly abandoned due to high morbidity and mortality rates and impaired quality of life (QoL). However, there are still rare indications for this intervention. The aim of this longitudinal prospective study was to monitor QoL and lung function in patients undergoing EPP and compare the outcomes with extended pleurectomy/decortication [(E)PD].

Methods: Between June 2013 and June 2017, 42 patients underwent induction chemotherapy followed by either EPP (n = 7) or (E)PD (n = 35). All patients filled out the EORTC QLC-C15-PAL, –LC13, and SF-36 self-rating questionnaires pre-operatively, 6 weeks and 4 months after the operation. Additionally, lung function was measured pre-operatively and 4 months post-operatively.

Results: We observed no significant differences in all QoL categories (general global health, pain, and dyspnea) between both surgical procedures, over the whole observation period. Moreover, a general tendency toward restoration of the pre-operative QoL status was documented at 4 months after the both operations. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) showed a significant decrease after surgery in both the groups [EPP group p = 0.06 and (E)PD group p < 0.001]; also, the forced volume vital capacity (FVC) significantly decreased (EPP group p = 0.046 P/D group <0.001). Diffusion capacity did not show significant changes.

Conclusion: According to these results, QoL is no longer severely impaired after EPP compared with EPD, and therefore should not be used as an argument against EPP in principle. However, indication has to be carefully evaluated for each patient.
Fogsor alaplemezből kioldódó allergének kötődésének vizsgálata Fourier-Transzformációs Felületi Plazmon Rezonancia (FT-SPR) módszerrel
Authors: Bakó József , Kelemen Máté , Szalóki Melinda , Vitályos Géza , Radics Tünde , Hegedűs Csaba
Published: December 2021

A fogászatban az új anyagrendszerek megjelenésével párhuzamosan egyre nagyobb ütemben növekszik a potenciálisan allergiás tünetek kiváltására alkalmas anyagok köre. Az adott allergénnek rendkívül kis mennyisége is képes allergiás reakció kiváltására, ezért kiemelt jelentősége van ezen antigénként szereplő anyagok (például: formaldehid, metakrilsav, benzoil-peroxid) fehérjékhez való kötődési lehetőségeinek vizsgálatának. Ezen sajátosságok vizsgálatáraa Fourier-Transzformációs Felületi Plazmon Rezonancia Spektroszkópia (FT-SPR) jól alkalmazható eljárás. A módszer előnyei közé sorolható a kiemelkedő érzékenység, a jelölés nélküli detektálás képessége, valamint a valós idejű vizsgálatok kivitelezésének lehetősége.Kísérleteink célja a formaldehid és metakrilsav mint a leggyakoribb fogászati allergének közé tartozó anyagokFT-SPR spektroszkópiás vizsgálata volt, kiemelt hangsúlyt fektetve koncentrációfüggő mérések elemzésére és kiérté-kelésére.Méréseinket formaldehid és metakrilsav desztillált vizes hígítási soraival végeztük. Eredményeinkkel igazoltuk, hogy az eljárás elméletileg lehetővé teszi az SPR-chip fölött áramoltatott oldat koncentrációjának akár százezrelékes nagyságrendű megváltozásának detektálását is. A koncentrációfüggő vizsgálataink során bizonyítottuk, hogy a módszer kvantitatív meghatározásra is alkalmas. Kísérleteink alapján megállapítható az eljárás széleskörű alkalmazhatósága, amely nagyban megkönnyítheti a biomolekuláris kölcsönhatások jövőbeli feltérképezését és megértését.
Magas inhibitor titerű B-haemophiliás beteg fogorvosi-szájsebészeti ellátása
Authors: Vajta László , Nagy Ágnes , Kálovics Judit , Szalma József
Published: December 2021

Jelenleg 1000-nél is több haemophiliás férfibeteget tartanak számon hazánkban. Ezen betegek relatíve kis része úgynevezettinhibitoros haemophiliában szenved. A haemophiliás betegek fogorvosi-szájsebészeti ellátása haematológiaikooperációt igénylő feladat, mely során a biztonságos kezelés kizárólag a többlépcsős, vérzéscsillapítási elveket betartvavégezhető. Szerzők esetismertetésük során egy magas inhibitor titerű B-haemophilias beteg haematológiai együttműködéstigénylő, fogorvosi-szájsebészeti ellátását mutatják be, majd részletezik az irodalomban található lokális vérzéscsillapítómódszereket.
Lézerrel felületkezelt dentális implantátumok túlélési és sikerességi rátájának vizsgálata
Authors: Joób-Fancsaly Árpád , Divinyi Tamás , Karacs Albert , Koncz Szilvia , Pető Gábor , Sulyok Lili
Published: December 2021

A dolgozat célja retrospektív vizsgálattal összehasonlítani a több mint 8 éve beültetett, nagyteljesítményű Nd/üveg lézerrelfelületkezelt implantátumok túlélési és sikerességi rátáját klinikai és radiológiai módszerekkel.A szerzők nagyteljesítményű Nd/üveg lézerrel felületkezelt implantátumot viselő pácienseket rendeltek vissza klinikaiés radiológiai kontrollra. Az implantációk 1997 és 2006 között történtek. Az implantátumok vizsgálata és elemzése szigorúsikerességi kritériumok alapján történt. A klinikai és radiológiai vizsgálatok hasonló eredményeket mutattak a lézeresenfelületkezelt implantátumok sikerességi és túlélési rátájával kapcsolatban, mint az irodalomban gyakran szereplőhomokfúvott és kémiai maratáson átesett implantátumok esetében.A kapott eredmények alapján megállapítható, hogy a lézeresen felületkezelt implantátumok sajátos felületi morfológiájaés nagyfokú tisztasága kiváló csontintegrációhoz vezet és hosszú távon is megbízható klinikai felhasználhatóságotbiztosít.
A maxilla front régiójában elhelyezkedő nagy kiterjedésű radikuláris ciszta komplex ellátása
Authors: Szekeres Györgyi , Würsching Tamás , Nemes Júlia , Tóth Zsuzsanna
Published: December 2021

Az állcsontciszták legnagyobb részét a radikuláris ciszták teszik ki. A radikuláris ciszták mindig gyulladás talaján alakulnakki, ezért fontos, hogy a gyulladás kiváltó okát is kezeljük. A fogakkal összefüggésben lévő cisztás elváltozásokesetén az érintett fogak extrakciója vagy a fogak gyökérkezelése szükséges. A bemutatott 77 éves, II. típusú diabéteszbenszenvedő férfi páciens esete endodonciai és szájsebészeti ellátást igényelt, ezek a kezelések párhuzamosan ésegymást kiegészítve zajlottak. A páciens kora és egészségi állapota ellenére a cisztektómiás üreg jó csontregenerációtmutatott. A kezelés megkezdését követő hetedik hónapra a ciszta által okozott csontlézió jelentősen csökkent, egy évalatt pedig teljesen reosszifikálódott.
A kombinációs szindróma gyakorisága a Pécsi Tudományegyetem Klinikai Központ Fogpótlástani Tanszékén a 2009 és 2014 között készült orthopantomogramok alapján
Authors: Markovics Dóra , Szendi Róbert , Vicko Kristina , Rajnics Zsolt , Marada Gyula , Radnai Márta
Published: December 2021

A klinikumban gyakori olyan páciensek kezelése, akiknek fogatlan a felső állcsontjuk, miközben a mandibula frontfogaimegtartottak. Az ilyen esetekben sokszor láthatunk specifikus elváltozásokat, amelyeket Kelly (1972) kombinációs szindrómanévvel foglalt össze.Vizsgálatunk célja az volt, hogy felmérjük, pácienseink körében előfordult-e az elmúlt 5 évben a kombinációs szindrómárajellemző tünetegyüttes, vagy valamelyik jellegzetesség.A PTE által használt informatikai rendszer segítségével 319 páciens nevét szűrtük ki, akiket foghiány diagnózissal rögzítettekaz elmúlt 5 évben. Ezek közül 220 páciens orthopantomogram felvétele állt rendelkezésre a kombinációs szindrómárajellemző tünetek gyakoriságának vizsgálatához. 34 beteg felvételén találtunk fogatlan felső állcsontot és meglévőalsó frontfogakat. A kombinációs szindróma fő tünete, a nagyfokú csonthiány a maxilla elülső régiójában 4 esetben voltlátható, ez 11,7%-os gyakoriságot jelent. A tuber maxillae hipertrófiája (9 esetben, 26,4%) az alsó frontfogak extrúziója(6 esetben, 17,6%) és az alsó állcsont disztális régiójának csontlebontódása (16 esetben, 47%) volt látható a felvételeken.A röntgenfelvételek alapján kiszűrt betegek közül három esetben került sor klinikai vizsgálatra, ami minden esetbenigazolta a röntgenfelvételen látott jellegzetességeket.A kombinációs szindróma gyakorisága saját beteganyagunkban lényegesen kisebb volt, mint más tanulmányokban,ismeretének klinikai jelentősége azonban nem elhanyagolható.
Fogászati allergiás megbetegedések kialakulásában szerepet játszó polimer felületek jellemzése fág bemutatásos technikával
Authors: Szalóki Melinda , Radics Tünde , Hegedűs Csaba
Published: December 2021

A fogászati kezelések során sokféle anyag kerül felhasználásra, amelyek az arra érzékeny pácienseknél allergiás reakciótválthatnak ki. Ezen immunválasz mögött többlépcsős biokémiai folyamatok állnak, amelynek egyes fehérje kölcsönhatásaitirányított evolúciós, fág bemutatásos technikával lehet vizsgálni. Munkánk során a fogsoralapanyagként is használtpolisztirol (PS) felületéhez kötődő aminosav szekvenciákat határoztuk meg fág bemutatással. Pozitív kontrollkénta polimer felületéhez kötött streptavidin (Str) fehérjét, negatív kontrollként marhaszérum albuminnal blokkolt polisztiroltválasztottunk. Eredményeink alapján megállapítottuk, hogy a WLFNHPQ szekvencia Str specifikus szekvenciának tekinthető,mivel ez a variáns három független mintában többször előfordult. Az albuminnal blokkolt polisztirol felületérőlválogatott fágok néhány variánst tartalmaztak, néhány előfordulással. Jelen munkában bemutattuk, hogy a polisztirol felületéhezkötődnek peptidek, habár ezen termoplasztikus polimerek használata során eddig nem számoltak be allergiáról,ami valószínűleg az alkalmazott technológia eredménye lehet. A leggyakoribbnak a FSGRPLP aminosav szekvenciaadódott. Az antigén prezentációban szerepet játszó kötőfelszínek ismerete és blokkolása segít feltérképezni, csökkenteniaz allergiás reakciók kialakulását.
Numerical Simulation of Random Cavitation Suppression Based on Variable NACA Airfoils
Authors: Shi Weidong , Shi Zhouhao , Xie Zhanshan , Zhang Qinghong , Yang Yongfei , Tan Linwei
Published: December 2021

In order to suppress the cavitation of an airfoil under random operating conditions, a deformable covering was constructed in the cavitation prone area of the NACA0012 airfoil. By sensing the pressure difference between the inner and outer sides of the airfoil, the covering of the airfoil can be changed adaptively to meet the requirement of suppressing random cavitation of the airfoil. The simulation results show that the cavitation influence range of the airfoil with a shape memory alloy covering can be reduced by more than 70%, and the cavitation is well reduced and suppressed. Moreover, the backflow near the wall of the airfoil was reduced under random working conditions. When the maximum bulge deformation of the covering was between 3–6 mm, the airfoil produced a cavitation range only on the covering surface of the airfoil, and there was no cavitation erosion on other parts. This method with locally variable airfoil to suppress cavitation provides a good reference value for other hydraulic machinery to suppress cavitation.
Minimally Invasive Therapies for the Management of Dental Caries—A Literature Review
Authors: Desai Hetal , Stewart Cameron , Finer Yoav
Published: December 2021

In recent years, due to a better understanding of the caries pathology and advances in dental materials, the utilization of non-invasive and minimally invasive techniques that delay/obviate the need for traditional restorations has started gaining momentum. This literature review focuses on some of these approaches, including fluoride varnish, silver diamine fluoride, resin sealants, resin infiltration, chemomechanical caries removal and atraumatic restorative treatment, in the context of their chemistries, indications for use, clinical efficacy, factors determining efficacy and limitations. Additionally, we discuss strategies currently being explored to enhance the antimicrobial properties of these treatment modalities to expand the scope of their application.
Entropy Analysis of Protein Sequences Reveals a Hierarchical Organization
Authors: Anashkina Anastasia A. , Petrushanko Irina Yu. , Ziganshin Rustam H. , Orlov Yuriy L. , Nekrasov Alexei N.
Published: December 2021

Background: Analyzing the local sequence content in proteins, earlier we found that amino acid residue frequencies differ on various distances between amino acid positions in the sequence, assuming the existence of structural units. Methods: We used informational entropy of protein sequences to find that the structural unit of proteins is a block of adjacent amino acid residues—“information unit”. The ANIS (ANalysis of Informational Structure) method uses these information units for revealing hierarchically organized Elements of the Information Structure (ELIS) in amino acid sequences. Results: The developed mathematical apparatus gives stable results on the structural unit description even with a significant variation in the parameters. The optimal length of the information unit is five, and the number of allowed substitutions is one. Examples of the application of the method for the design of protein molecules, intermolecular interactions analysis, and the study of the mechanisms of functioning of protein molecular machines are given. Conclusions: ANIS method makes it possible not only to analyze native proteins but also to design artificial polypeptide chains with a given spatial organization and, possibly, function.
Jointly Modeling Male and Female Labor Participation and Unemployment
Authors: Bernstein David H. , Martinez Andrew B.
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the most abrupt changes in U.S. labor force participation and unemployment since the Second World War, with different consequences for men and women. This paper models the U.S. labor market to help to interpret the pandemic’s effects. After replicating and extending Emerson’s (2011) model of the labor market, we formulate a joint model of male and female unemployment and labor force participation rates for 1980–2019 and use it to forecast into the pandemic to understand the pandemic’s labor market consequences. Gender-specific differences were particularly large at the pandemic’s outset; lower labor force participation persists.
Renewable Energy in the Sustainable Development of Electrical Power Sector: A Review
Authors: Strielkowski Wadim , Civín Lubomír , Tarkhanova Elena , Tvaronavičienė Manuela , Petrenko Yelena
Published: December 2021

The electrical power sector plays an important role in the economic growth and development of every country around the world. Total global demand for electric energy is growing both in developed and developing economies. The commitment to the decarbonization of economies, which would mean replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources (RES) as well as the electrification of transport and heating as a means to tackle global warming and dangerous climate change, would lead to a surge in electricity consumption worldwide. Hence, it appears reasonable that the electric power sector should embed the principles of sustainable development into its functioning and operation. In addition, events such as the recent European gas crisis that have emerged as a result of the massive deployment of renewables need to be studied and prevented. This review aims at assessing the role of the renewable energy in the sustainable development of the electrical power sector, focusing on the energy providers and consumers represented both by businesses and households that are gradually becoming prosumers on the market of electric energy. Furthermore, it also focuses on the impact of renewables on the utility side and their benefits for the grid. In addition, it identifies the major factors of the sustainable development of the electrical power sector.
Behavioral Interactions between a Native and an Invasive Fish Species in a Thermally Heterogeneous Experimental Chamber
Authors: Ciepiela Lindsy R. , Fitzpatrick Ryan M. , Lewis Samuel T. , Kanno Yoichiro
Published: December 2021

Mechanisms of the displacement of native fish by nonnative fish can include agonistic behaviors that push native fish species out of their preferred habitat, including their thermal optima. To examine these interactions, we built an experimental thermal preference chamber to evaluate: (1) the thermal preference of native, glacial relict northern redbelly dace Chrosomus eos; (2) if the thermal preference and movement changed in the presence of the invasive western mosquitofish Gambusia affinis; and (3) the direction of agonistic interactions. We hypothesized that G. affinis would express agonistic behavior toward C. eos, because G. affinis is widely recognized as an aggressive invader. Given the temperature range of the experimental chamber, i.e., 20–30 °C, C. eos selected an average of 24.3 °C as its thermal preference. After G. affinis’ introduction, the thermal preference of C. eos increased by 1.7 °C and the movement, given by distance (cm) travelled, increased by 21%. Contrary to our prediction, more agonistic interactions were observed in C. eos toward G. affinis. These results indicate that agonistic behavior of G. affinis toward native fish species may be species- and condition-specific, and may not always be the primary mechanism of native species’ displacement. Biological invasions are a global issue and altered thermal regimes are expected to continue. This study provided the novel approach using of a thermally heterogeneous thermal chamber to examine thermal preferences and aggressive interactions between a native and an invasive species. Future research should examine other life history traits that may be conveying the competitive advantage to G. affinis.
Multi-Wavelength Study of a Proto-BCG at z = 1.7
Authors: D’Amato Quirino , Prandoni Isabella , Brienza Marisa , Gilli Roberto , Vignali Cristian , Paladino Rosita , Loi Francesca , Massardi Marcella , Mignoli Marco , Marchesi Stefano , Peca Alessandro , Jagannathan Preshanth
Published: December 2021

In this work we performed a spectral energy distribution (SED) analysis in the optical/infrared band of the host galaxy of a proto-brightest bluster galaxy (BCG, NVSS J103023 + 052426) in a proto-cluster at z = 1.7. We found that it features a vigorous star formation rate (SFR) of ∼570 M⊙/yr and a stellar mass of M*∼3.7×1011M⊙; the high corresponding specific SFR = 1.5±0.5Gyr−1 classifies this object as a starburst galaxy that will deplete its molecular gas reservoir in ∼3.5×108 yr. Thus, this system represents a rare example of a proto-BCG caught during the short phase of its major stellar mass assembly. Moreover, we investigated the nature of the host galaxy emission at 3.3 mm. We found that it originates from the cold dust in the interstellar medium, even though a minor non-thermal AGN contribution cannot be completely ruled out. Finally, we studied the polarized emission of the lobes at 1.4 GHz. We unveiled a patchy structure where the polarization fraction increases in the regions in which the total intensity shows a bending morphology; in addition, the magnetic field orientation follows the direction of the bendings. We interpret these features as possible indications of an interaction with the intracluster medium. This strengthens the hypothesis of positive AGN feedback, as inferred in previous studies of this object on the basis of X-ray/mm/radio analysis. In this scenario, the proto-BCG heats the surrounding medium and possibly enhances the SFR in nearby galaxies.
Ultrasonic-Assisted Brazing of Titanium Joints Using Modified Al-Si-Cu Based Fillers: Brazing at Liquid—Semisolid States under Load
Authors: Muhrat Abdulsalam , Barbosa Joaquim
Published: December 2021

Brazing joints of Ti/Ti under ultrasonic vibration (USV) and compression load were investigated using optimized and modified filler alloys of Al-Si-Cu-(Ni)-(Sr) group prepared in the lab. Preliminary trails at semisolid to liquid states were conducted using the ready Al-Si-Cu-(Mg) alloy as a filler, then the brazing cycle was redesigned and enhanced according to the microstructural observations of the produced joints. USV assisted brazing at the semisolid state of low solid fraction was able to produce joints with round silicon morphology and granular α−Al, while at a high solid fraction, USV was only able to affect the silicon and intermetallic particles. Applying a compression load after ultrasonic vibration, at a designed solid fraction, was proved to be a successful technique for improving the quality of the joints by reducing the porosity, enhancing the soundness of the joint, and the diffusion at the interface. Based on alloy composition and the improved brazing cycle, joints of thin intermetallic layer and high shear strength (of 93 MPa average value) were achieved. The microstructures and the mechanical behavior were discussed based on the filler compositions and brazing parameters.
A New Approach to Low-Cost, Solar Salt-Resistant Structural Materials for Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) and Thermal Energy Storage (TES)
Authors: Aarab Fadoua , Kuhn Bernd , Bonk Alexander , Bauer Thomas
Published: December 2021

“Concentrated solar power” (CSP) and thermal energy storage (TES) are promising renewable energy technologies, which have gained increasing interest and practical application in recent years. CSP and TES systems typically utilize molten salts such as the so-called “solar salt”, a mixture of 60 wt.% NaNO3 and 40 wt.% KNO3, for heat transfer and storage. The overall efficiency of commercially operating CSP and TES systems is currently limited, because of solar salt thermal stability, which prevents process temperatures higher than 600 °C. Even at these temperatures, corrosion of the structural materials applied in salt guiding pipework, tubes and containers is a matter of concern in long-term operation, which necessitates careful material selection. This paper outlines the superior salt corrosion behavior of a novel low-cost, Al2O3-forming, ferritic, Laves phase-strengthened (i.e., structural) steel in NaNO3/KNO3 solar salt at 600 °C. Directions for the further development of the LB2230 trial steel towards improved structural properties are derived in comparison to its predecessor Crofer®22 H.
Prediction of Blood-Brain Barrier Penetration (BBBP) Based on Molecular Descriptors of the Free-Form and In-Blood-Form Datasets
Authors: Sakiyama Hiroshi , Fukuda Motohisa , Okuno Takashi
Published: December 2021

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) controls the entry of chemicals from the blood to the brain. Since brain drugs need to penetrate the BBB, rapid and reliable prediction of BBB penetration (BBBP) is helpful for drug development. In this study, free-form and in-blood-form datasets were prepared by modifying the original BBBP dataset, and the effects of the data modification were investigated. For each dataset, molecular descriptors were generated and used for BBBP prediction by machine learning (ML). For ML, the dataset was split into training, validation, and test data by the scaffold split algorithm MoleculeNet used. This creates an unbalanced split and makes the prediction difficult; however, we decided to use that algorithm to evaluate the predictive performance for unknown compounds dissimilar to existing ones. The highest prediction score was obtained by the random forest model using 212 descriptors from the free-form dataset, and this score was higher than the existing best score using the same split algorithm without using any external database. Furthermore, using a deep neural network, a comparable result was obtained with only 11 descriptors from the free-form dataset, and the resulting descriptors suggested the importance of recognizing the glucose-like characteristics in BBBP prediction.
Chemical and Skincare Property Characterization of the Main Cocoa Byproducts: Extraction Optimization by RSM Approach for Development of Sustainable Ingredients
Authors: Agudelo Catalina , Bravo Karent , Ramírez-Atehortúa Ana , Torres David , Carrillo-Hormaza Luis , Osorio Edison
Published: December 2021

Methylxanthines and polyphenols from cocoa byproducts should be considered for their application in the development of functional ingredients for food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations. Different cocoa byproducts were analyzed for their chemical contents, and skincare properties were measured by antioxidant assays and anti-skin aging activity. Musty cocoa beans (MC) and second-quality cocoa beans (SQ) extracts showed the highest polyphenol contents and antioxidant capacities. In the collagenase and elastase inhibition study, the highest effect was observed for the SQ extract with 86 inhibition and 36% inhibition, respectively. Among cocoa byproducts, the contents of catechin and epicatechin were higher in the SQ extract, with 18.15 mg/100 g of sample and 229.8 mg/100 g of sample, respectively. Cocoa bean shells (BS) constitute the main byproduct due to their methylxanthine content (1085 mg of theobromine and 267 mg of caffeine/100 g of sample). Using BS, various influencing factors in the extraction process were investigated by response surface methodology (RSM), before scaling up separations. The extraction process developed under optimized conditions allows us to obtain almost 2 g/min and 0.2 g/min of total methylxanthines and epicatechin, respectively. In this way, this work contributes to the sustainability and valorization of the cocoa production chain.
Phytochemical Characterization and Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Anti-Enzymatic Activity of Five Common Spices: Focus on Their Essential Oils and Spent Material Extractives
Authors: Trifan Adriana , Zengin Gokhan , Brebu Mihai , Skalicka-Woźniak Krystyna , Luca Simon Vlad
Published: December 2021

The essential oil industry of aromatic herbs and spices is currently producing a significant amount of by-products, such as the spent plant materials remaining after steam or hydrodistillation, that are simply discarded. The aim of this study was to comparatively investigate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant and multi-enzymatic inhibitory potential of the essential oils and spent plant material extractives obtained from cinnamon, cumin, clove, laurel, and black pepper. The essential oils were characterized by the presence of several phytochemical markers (cinnamaldehyde, cuminaldehyde, eugenol, eucalyptol, α-terpinene, limonene, β-caryophyllene or β-pinene). On the other hand, the LC-HRMS/MS profiling of the spent material extracts allowed the annotation of species specific and non-specific metabolites, such as organic acids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, hydrolysable tannins, fatty acids, or piperamides. All samples exhibited very strong antioxidant effects, with the clove essential oil displaying the strongest radical scavenging (525.78 and 936.44 mg TE/g in DPPH and ABTS assays), reducing (2848.28 and 1927.98 mg TE/g in CUPRAC and FRAP), and total antioxidant capacity (68.19 mmol TE/g). With respect to the anti-acetylcholinesterase (0.73–2.95 mg GALAE/g), anti-butyrylcholinesterase (0–3.41 mg GALAE/g), anti-tyrosinase (0–76.86 mg KAE/g), anti-amylase and anti-glucosidase (both 0–1.00 mmol ACAE/g) assays, the spice samples showed a modest activity. Overall, our study reports that, not only the volatile fractions of common spices, but also their spent plant materials remaining after hydrodistillation can be regarded as rich sources of bioactive molecules with antioxidant and multi-enzymatic inhibitory effects.
Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Selected Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: Diversity upon Plant Species and Extraction Technique
Authors: Čulina Patricija , Cvitković Daniela , Pfeifer Danijela , Zorić Zoran , Repajić Maja , Elez Garofulić Ivona , Balbino Sandra , Pedisić Sandra
Published: December 2021

Phenolic content and antioxidant capacity (AC) was evaluated in extracts of bay, sage and thyme leaves, myrtle leaves and berries, and sea buckthorn berries obtained by conventional (CE) and advanced extraction techniques [ultrasound-assisted (UAE) and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE)] using 80% acetone (v/v) as extraction solvent. Extracts were analyzed for phenolic content using UPLC/ESI MS2 and AC by ORAC method. Results indicated the variations in the phenolic composition and concentrations among analyzed plant species and applied extraction methods. Flavonoids showed to be the predominant phenolic group represented by flavonols kaemferol-3-O-hexoside (182.58–321.45 mg 100−1 g dm) and quercetin-3-glucoside (253.05–315.67 mg/100 g dm) in bay leaves, by flavonol isorhamnetine-3-O-hexoside (27.76–45.16 mg/100 g dm) in sea buckthorn berries and by flavone luteolin-7-O-glucoside (470.27–781.78 mg/100 g dm) in sage leaves. Among the phenolic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids and their derivates were the predominant phenolic group in thyme leaves and myrtle. Statistical analysis showed that ASE contributed to the highest content of total flavonols, flavones, hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids as well as AC. CE was more efficient method for the extraction of total flavan-3-ols, while UAE showed the highest efficiency in extraction of total anthocyanins. Analyzed plant extracts proved to be a rich source of various phenolics and results indicated suitable extraction methods for target phenolic compounds characteristic for certain plant species.
Unique technologies for organizing medical care for COVID-19 patients with concomitant diseases of the cardiovascular system and surgical pathology
Authors: Romanova Tatyana Evgenievna , Sukhacheva Natalya Nikolaevna
Published: December 2021

The article describes some of the key elements of unique technologies for organizing medical care for patients with COVID-19 with concomitant diseases of the cardiovascular system and surgical pathology, which, along with ensuring infectious safety, allow to optimize the stream of value creation for these patients. Innovative approaches to managing the production activities of a medical organization are proposed. The goal of the work done by the hospital administration was to create a management model for a state medical organization based on modern methods, including a process-oriented approach and lean healthcare technologies. The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the fact that the activities of healthcare institutions in the context of the global coronavirus pandemic require more flexibility and mobility; therefore, the primary task is to master new management tools for a medical organization, taking into account industry characteristics and consumer needs. Analytical and descriptive methods, sociological survey were used. The article describes our own experience in carrying out structural changes in a medical organization. The use of modern management approaches allows the formation of positive interaction within the workforce and provides active feedback with patients.
The method of aromatherapy, application in modern medicine
Authors: Кorshikova Yulia Ivanovna
Published: December 2021

Aromatherapy is a method of treatment with essential oils. The use of the aromatherapy method in global clinical practice has its roots in the distant past. Research into the use of essential oils in medicine continues. The article describes an approach to the use of aromatherapy for therapeutic doctors and other medical specialists. The article is based on the materials of the author’s lectures.
Gradient of Russian pharmaceutical market development in covid conditions
Authors: Krasilnikova E.A.
Published: December 2021

In 2020, markets are showing both unpredictable and anticipated development trends. The pharmaceutical market was no exception. Turnover of the commercial drug market in 2020 amounted to 1,128 billion rubles, which is 10.6% more than in the previous year. Parapharmaceutical sales amounted to RUB 279 billion in 2020. In the analyzed period, state purchases of pharmaceuticals reached 634 billion rubles. It was expected an increase in Pharma-2020’s turnover in value terms; the basis for the increase was over-the-counter drugs and domestically produced drugs. At the same time, in the statistics of packaging, a decrease in sales was observed in the commercial sector of medicines — by 2.3%, and in parapharmaceuticals — by 15.4%, and in hospital purchases — by 15.0%. According to the results of the analysis, there is an increase in the consumption of expensive drugs, as well as a redistribution of demand to the segment of large packages. The share of online sales in the pharmaceutical market for the monitored 2020 increased from 5.5% in January to 8.2% in December. The share of expensive drugs in the online segment is higher than in the offline segment.
Ecosystem approach to the development of sustainable transport mobility in a metropolis
Authors: Zavyalov Dmitriy Vadimovich , Zavyalova Nadezhda Borisovna , Saginova Olga Vitalievna
Published: December 2021

The article presents an analysis of the impact of urban transport on the environmental situation in the metropolis. A variant of the database modification based on the results of monitoring of the level of pollution of the atmosphere, soil mantle and water surface is proposed. Data integration will allow assessing the effectiveness of the measures applied in the city to reduce the negative impact of urban transport and make operational management decisions.
Automobility and its development prospects in a modern city
Authors: Saginov Yuriy Leonidovich
Published: December 2021

The car continues to play an important role in urban mobility, providing comfort, speed and flexibility. The concept of «mobility as a service», which is increasingly developing in modern megacities, changes the consumer value of the car and offers new models of automobility based on the distributed economy. The article systematizes the basic concepts of automobility and describes modern models of "automobility as a service".
Features of the development of the automotive market as the basis of strategies for the transformation of intangible resources of companies
Authors: Krasilnikova Elena Anatolievna , Panasenko Svetlana Viktorovna
Published: December 2021

The dynamics of the passenger car market in the Russian Federation is expected to be sinusoidal in 2020, taking into account the fall in sales in the spring and the manifestation of deferred demand in the summer and autumn. After a period of global self-isolation and the abolition of quarantine measures, sales began to level out gradually based on the satisfaction of deferred demand, including due to government support measures. But the recovery process is very unstable. The driver of growth in post-pandemic sales indicators, as well as indicators of the effectiveness of commercial activities, is the management of intangible resources, taking into account their availability, possibility of use, legal and technical protection. Automotive companies are working out new development strategies based on the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence, which form a special layer of intangible resources. Transformation of the structure of intangible resources becomes obvious and deserves deep research.
A New World Economic order formation
Authors: Emelyanov Vladislav Vyacheslavovich
Published: December 2021

Every few decades, the world order changes due to various geopolitical, economic and other circumstances. For example, as a result of globalization, the world order has undergone significant changes in the last forty years. Globalization has led to the destruction of the postwar world order, as well as to world leadership by the United States and the West. However, in recent decades, as a result of globalization, the U.S. and the West began to cede their leadership to developing countries, so there is now a change in the economic structure of relations in the world system. Today the center of economic growth is in the East, namely in Asia. There are no new superpowers in the world at the moment, but the unipolar world will cease to exist due to the weakening of the U. S. leadership, which will lead to a change in the world order. A new leader, which may replace the U. S., will not have as wide range of advantages as the USA has. Most likely, the essence of the new order will be to unite the largest countries and alliances into blocks, for example, the USA together with the Trans-Pacific Partnership, the EU, etc. The article outlines forecasts of GDP growth rates as well as the global energy outlook; analyzes the LNG market as well as the impact of the pandemic on the global oil and gas market; and lists the characteristics of U. S. geopolitics.
Arrighi’s Theory of systemic cycles of capital accumulation as a mechanism of cyclical development of the Global Economy
Authors: Kapkanshchikov Sergey Gennadyevich
Published: December 2021

The article uses the methodology of systemic global analysis and the theory of systemic cycles of capital accumulation to argue that we are now at a turning point of the modern era in connection with the unfolding change in the dominant world economic order. Based on the methodological approach, within the framework of which there is a hegemonic country and the rest of the world, the forecast regarding the forthcoming multipolarity of the world economy is rejected. Various stages of capital and financial expansion with their inherent, respectively, dirigistic and liberal models of state regulation of the economy are compared to each other. A chronological overview of the Spanish-Genoese, Dutch, British, American and Asian accumulation cycles is presented. The patterns of their change in the course of the formation of new technological structures are revealed. The place of Russia in the process of natural evolution of world economic structures is also identified. The objective and subjective reasons for the longterm hegemony of the United States, as well as factors of the upcoming completion of the American cycle of capital accumulation in the foreseeable future, are revealed. The author outlines the tactics employed by the American authorities to counteract the objective hegemonic cycles. The reasons for the movement of the center of the world economy to the East Asian region are revealed, with the justification of the need for a natural inclusion of Russia in the functioning of the Asian world economic order.
Is Laparoscopic Complete Mesocolic Excision and Central Vascular Ligation Really Necessary for All Patients With Right-Sided Colon Cancer?
Authors: Son Gyung Mo , Lee In Young , Lee Yoon Suk , Kye Bong-Hyeon , Cho Hyeon-Min , Jang Je-Ho , Kim Chang-Nam , Lee Kil Yeon , Lee Suk-Hwan , Kim Jun-Gi ,   On behalf of The Korean Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery Study Group
Published: December 2021

Colon cancer treatment is on the way to evolution over several decades. The minimally invasive surgery has improved postoperative short-term outcomes. Adjuvant chemotherapy has prolonged the survival of advanced colon cancer patients. Hohenberger proposed the noble concept of complete mesocolic excision (CME) which consists of 3 components: plane surgery, sufficient longitudinal bowel resection, and central vascular ligation (CVL). Mesocolic plane surgery shares the same surgical principle of total mesorectal excision, which is maintaining the intact mesothelial envelope. However, there remain debates about the extent of bowel resection and the level of CVL for maximizing lymph node dissection. There is no solid clinical evidence for the oncological necessity and benefit of extended radical dissection in right hemicolectomy. CME with CVL based on open surgery has been adopted in laparoscopic surgery. So, it is also necessary to look at how the CME could be transformed and successfully implanted in the laparoscopic era. Recent rapid advances in surgical technology and cancer biology are preparing for fundamental changes in cancer surgery. In this study, we reviewed the history, oncological necessity, and compatibility of CME for the right hemicolectomy in the laparoscopic era and outline the new perspectives on the evolution of cancer surgery.