bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Melanoma Cells Can Adopt the Phenotype of Stromal Fibroblasts and Macrophages by Spontaneous Cell Fusion in Vitro
Authors: Kemény Lajos , Kurgyis Zsuzsanna , Buknicz Tünde , Groma Gergely , Jakab Ádám , Zänker Kurt , Dittmar Thomas , Kemény Lajos , Németh István
Published: June 2016

After the removal of primary cutaneous melanoma some patients develop local recurrences, even after having histologically tumor-free re-excision. A potential explanation behind this phenomenon is that tumor cells switch their phenotype, making their recognition via standard histopathological assessments extremely difficult. Tumor-stromal cell fusion has been proposed as a potential mechanism for tumor cells to acquire mesenchymal traits; therefore, we hypothesized that melanoma cells could acquire fibroblast- and macrophage-like phenotypes via cell fusion. We show that melanoma cells spontaneously fuse with human dermal fibroblasts and human peripheral blood monocytes in vitro. The hybrid cells’ nuclei contain chromosomes from both parental cells and are indistinguishable from the parental fibroblasts or macrophages based on their morphology and immunophenotype, as they could lose the melanoma specific MART1 marker, but express the fibroblast marker smooth muscle actin or the macrophage marker CD68. Our results suggest that, by spontaneous cell fusion in vitro, tumor cells can adopt the morphology and immunophenotype of stromal cells while still carrying oncogenic, tumor-derived genetic information. Therefore, melanoma–stromal cell fusion might play a role in missing tumor cells by routine histopathological assessments.
Host Plants Identification for Adult Agrotis ipsilon, a Long-Distance Migratory Insect
Authors: Liu Yongqiang , Fu Xiaowei , Mao Limi , Xing Zhenlong , Wu Kongming
Published: June 2016

In this study, we determined the host relationship of Agrotis ipsilon moths by identifying pollen species adhering them during their long-distance migration. Pollen carried by A. ipsilon moths was collected from 2012 to 2014 on a small island in the center of the Bohai Strait, which is a seasonal migration pathway of this pest species. Genomic DNA of single pollen grains was amplified by using whole genome amplification technology, and a portion of the chloroplast rbcL sequence was then amplified from this material. Pollen species were identified by a combination of DNA barcoding and pollen morphology. We found 28 species of pollen from 18 families on the tested moths, mainly from Angiosperm, Dicotyledoneae. From this, we were able to determine that these moths visit woody plants more than herbaceous plants that they carry more pollen in the early and late stages of the migration season, and that the amounts of pollen transportation were related to moth sex, moth body part, and plant species. In general, 31% of female and 26% of male moths were found to be carrying pollen. Amounts of pollen on the proboscis was higher for female than male moths, while the reverse was true for pollen loads on the antennae. This work provides a new approach to study the interactions between noctuid moth and their host plants. Identification of plant hosts for adult moths furthers understanding of the coevolution processes between moths and their host plants.
Prevalence and Predictors of Clozapine-Associated Constipation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shirazi Ayala , Stubbs Brendon , Gomez Lucia , Moore Susan , Gaughran Fiona , Flanagan Robert , MacCabe James , Lally John
Published: June 2016

Constipation is a frequently overlooked side effect of clozapine treatment that can prove fatal. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for clozapine-associated constipation. Two authors performed a systematic search of major electronic databases from January 1990 to March 2016 for articles reporting the prevalence of constipation in adults treated with clozapine. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted. A total of 32 studies were meta-analyzed, establishing a pooled prevalence of clozapine-associated constipation of 31.2% (95% CI: 25.6–37.4) (n = 2013). People taking clozapine were significantly more likely to be constipated versus other antipsychotics (OR 3.02 (CI: 1.91–4.77), p < 0.001, n = 11 studies). Meta-regression identified two significant study-level factors associated with constipation prevalence: significantly higher (p = 0.02) rates of constipation were observed for those treated in inpatient versus outpatient or mixed settings and for those studies in which constipation was a primary or secondary outcome measure (36.9%) compared to studies in which constipation was not a specified outcome measure (24.8%, p = 0.048). Clozapine-associated constipation is common and approximately three times more likely than with other antipsychotics. Screening and preventative strategies should be established and appropriate symptomatic treatment applied when required.
Biochemical Engineering Approaches for Increasing Viability and Functionality of Probiotic Bacteria
Authors: Nguyen Huu-Thanh , Truong Dieu-Hien , Kouhoundé Sonagnon , Ly Sokny , Razafindralambo Hary , Delvigne Frank
Published: June 2016

The literature presents a growing body of evidence demonstrating the positive effect of probiotics on health. Probiotic consumption levels are rising quickly in the world despite the fluctuation of their viability and functionality. Technological methods aiming at improving probiotic characteristics are thus highly wanted. However, microbial metabolic engineering toolbox is not available for this kind of application. On the other hand, basic microbiology teaches us that bacteria are able to exhibit adaptation to external stresses. It is known that adequately applied sub-lethal stress, i.e., controlled in amplitude and frequency at a given stage of the culture, is able to enhance microbial robustness. This property could be potentially used to improve the viability of probiotic bacteria, but some technical challenges still need to be overcome before any industrial implementation. This review paper investigates the different technical tools that can be used in order to define the proper condition for improving viability of probiotic bacteria and their implementation at the industrial scale. Based on the example of Bifidobacterium bifidum, potentialities for simultaneously improving viability, but also functionality of probiotics will be described.
Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Photoaging and Photocarcinogenesis
Authors: Pittayapruek Pavida , Meephansan Jitlada , Prapapan Ornicha , Komine Mayumi , Ohtsuki Mamitaro
Published: June 2016

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-containing endopeptidases with an extensive range of substrate specificities. Collectively, these enzymes are able to degrade various components of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Based on their structure and substrate specificity, they can be categorized into five main subgroups, namely (1) collagenases (MMP-1, MMP-8 and MMP-13); (2) gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9); (3) stromelysins (MMP-3, MMP-10 and MMP-11); (4) matrilysins (MMP-7 and MMP-26); and (5) membrane-type (MT) MMPs (MMP-14, MMP-15, and MMP-16). The alterations made to the ECM by MMPs might contribute in skin wrinkling, a characteristic of premature skin aging. In photocarcinogenesis, degradation of ECM is the initial step towards tumor cell invasion, to invade both the basement membrane and the surrounding stroma that mainly comprises fibrillar collagens. Additionally, MMPs are involved in angiogenesis, which promotes cancer cell growth and migration. In this review, we focus on the present knowledge about premature skin aging and skin cancers such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma, with our main focus on members of the MMP family and their functions.
Aza-Henry Reactions on C-Alkyl Substituted Aldimines
Authors: Pelagalli Alessia , Pellacani Lucio , Scandozza Elia , Fioravanti Stefania
Published: June 2016

The reactivity of C-CH3 substituted N-protected aldimines in aza-Henry addition reactions was compared with that of the analogous trifluoromethylated compounds. C-Alkyl aldimines easily reacted with nitro alkanes under solvent-free conditions and in the absence of catalyst, despite being worse electrophiles than C-CF3 aldimines, they gave the aza-Henry addition only when ZrCl4 was added. The presence of a bulky group on the imine carbon deeply influenced the reactivity.
Effect of Immune-Enhancing Enteral Nutrition Enriched with or without Beta-Glucan on Immunomodulation in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Lee Jae , Kim Young , Lee Young , Ahn Hyeon , Kim Minjoo , Kim Minkyung , Cho Min , Cho Younsoo , Lee Jong
Published: June 2016

We investigated whether high-protein enteral nutrition with immune-modulating nutrients (IMHP) enriched with β-glucan stimulates immune function in critically ill patients. In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study, 30 patients consumed one of three types of enteral nutrition: a control or IMHP with and without β-glucan. The IMHP with β-glucan group showed increases in natural killer (NK) cell activities relative to the baseline, and greater increases were observed in NK cell activities relative to the control group after adjusting for age and gender. The IMHP groups with and without β-glucan had greater increases in serum prealbumin and decreases in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) than the control group. The control group had a greater decrease in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) interleukin (IL)-12 production than the IMHP with and without β-glucan groups. In all patients, the change (Δ) in hs-CRP was correlated with Δ prealbumin and Δ PBMC IL-12, which were correlated with ΔNK cell activity and Δ prealbumin. This study showed beneficial effects of a combination treatment of β-glucan and IMHP on NK cell activity. Additionally, strong correlations among changes in NK cell activity, PBMC IL-12, and hs-CRP suggested that β-glucan could be an attractive candidate for stimulating protective immunity without enhanced inflammation (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02569203).
Biomarkers of Aging: From Function to Molecular Biology
Authors: Wagner Karl-Heinz , Cameron-Smith David , Wessner Barbara , Franzke Bernhard
Published: June 2016

Aging is a major risk factor for most chronic diseases and functional impairments. Within a homogeneous age sample there is a considerable variation in the extent of disease and functional impairment risk, revealing a need for valid biomarkers to aid in characterizing the complex aging processes. The identification of biomarkers is further complicated by the diversity of biological living situations, lifestyle activities and medical treatments. Thus, there has been no identification of a single biomarker or gold standard tool that can monitor successful or healthy aging. Within this short review the current knowledge of putative biomarkers is presented, focusing on their application to the major physiological mechanisms affected by the aging process including physical capability, nutritional status, body composition, endocrine and immune function. This review emphasizes molecular and DNA-based biomarkers, as well as recent advances in other biomarkers such as microRNAs, bilirubin or advanced glycation end products.
Imaging Land Subsidence Induced by Groundwater Extraction in Beijing (China) Using Satellite Radar Interferometry
Authors: Chen Mi , Tomás Roberto , Li Zhenhong , Motagh Mahdi , Li Tao , Hu Leyin , Gong Huili , Li Xiaojuan , Yu Jun , Gong Xulong
Published: June 2016

Beijing is one of the most water-stressed cities in the world. Due to over-exploitation of groundwater, the Beijing region has been suffering from land subsidence since 1935. In this study, the Small Baseline InSAR technique has been employed to process Envisat ASAR images acquired between 2003 and 2010 and TerraSAR-X stripmap images collected from 2010 to 2011 to investigate land subsidence in the Beijing region. The maximum subsidence is seen in the eastern part of Beijing with a rate greater than 100 mm/year. Comparisons between InSAR and GPS derived subsidence rates show an RMS difference of 2.94 mm/year with a mean of 2.41 ± 1.84 mm/year. In addition, a high correlation was observed between InSAR subsidence rate maps derived from two different datasets (i.e., Envisat and TerraSAR-X). These demonstrate once again that InSAR is a powerful tool for monitoring land subsidence. InSAR derived subsidence rate maps have allowed for a comprehensive spatio-temporal analysis to identify the main triggering factors of land subsidence. Some interesting relationships in terms of land subsidence were found with groundwater level, active faults, accumulated soft soil thickness and different aquifer types. Furthermore, a relationship with the distances to pumping wells was also recognized in this work.
Integrated Toolset for WSN Application Planning, Development, Commissioning and Maintenance: The WSN-DPCM ARTEMIS-JU Project
Authors: Antonopoulos Christos , Asimogloy Katerina , Chiti Sarah , D’Onofrio Luca , Gianfranceschi Simone , He Danping , Iodice Antonio , Koubias Stavros , Koulamas Christos , Lavagno Luciano , Lazarescu Mihai , Mujica Gabriel , Papadopoulos George , Portilla Jorge , Redondo Luis , Riccio Daniele , Riesgo Teresa , Rodriguez Daniel , Ruello Giuseppe , Samoladas Vasilis , Stoyanova Tsenka , Touliatos Gerasimos , Valvo Angela , Vlahoy Georgia
Published: June 2016

In this article we present the main results obtained in the ARTEMIS-JU WSN-DPCM project between October 2011 and September 2015. The first objective of the project was the development of an integrated toolset for Wireless sensor networks (WSN) application planning, development, commissioning and maintenance, which aims to support application domain experts, with limited WSN expertise, to efficiently develop WSN applications from planning to lifetime maintenance. The toolset is made of three main tools: one for planning, one for application development and simulation (which can include hardware nodes), and one for network commissioning and lifetime maintenance. The tools are integrated in a single platform which promotes software reuse by automatically selecting suitable library components for application synthesis and the abstraction of the underlying architecture through the use of a middleware layer. The second objective of the project was to test the effectiveness of the toolset for the development of two case studies in different domains, one for detecting the occupancy state of parking lots and one for monitoring air concentration of harmful gasses near an industrial site.
A Wireless Pressure Sensor Integrated with a Biodegradable Polymer Stent for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Park Jongsung , Kim Ji-Kwan , Patil Swati , Park Jun-Kyu , Park SuA , Lee Dong-Weon
Published: June 2016

This paper describes the fabrication and characterization of a wireless pressure sensor for smart stent applications. The micromachined pressure sensor has an area of 3.13 × 3.16 mm2 and is fabricated with a photosensitive SU-8 polymer. The wireless pressure sensor comprises a resonant circuit and can be used without the use of an internal power source. The capacitance variations caused by changes in the intravascular pressure shift the resonance frequency of the sensor. This change can be detected using an external antenna, thus enabling the measurement of the pressure changes inside a tube with a simple external circuit. The wireless pressure sensor is capable of measuring pressure from 0 mmHg to 230 mmHg, with a sensitivity of 0.043 MHz/mmHg. The biocompatibility of the pressure sensor was evaluated using cardiac cells isolated from neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. After inserting a metal stent integrated with the pressure sensor into a cardiovascular vessel of an animal, medical systems such as X-ray were employed to consistently monitor the condition of the blood vessel. No abnormality was found in the animal blood vessel for approximately one month. Furthermore, a biodegradable polymer (polycaprolactone) stent was fabricated with a 3D printer. The polymer stent exhibits better sensitivity degradation of the pressure sensor compared to the metal stent.
Latest Advances in the Generation of Single Photons in Silicon Carbide
Authors: Boretti Albert , Rosa Lorenzo
Published: June 2016

The major barrier for optical quantum information technologies is the absence of reliable single photons sources providing non-classical light states on demand which can be easily and reliably integrated with standard processing protocols for quantum device fabrication. New methods of generation at room temperature of single photons are therefore needed. Heralded single photon sources are presently being sought based on different methods built on different materials. Silicon Carbide (SiC) has the potentials to serve as the preferred material for quantum applications. Here, we review the latest advances in single photon generation at room temperatures based on SiC.
A Systematic Investigation into the Environmental Fate of Microcystins and The Potential Risk: Study in Lake Taihu
Authors: Jia Junmei , Chen Qiuwen , Lauridsen Torben
Published: June 2016

A systematic investigation was conducted in Lake Taihu in autumn of 2013 and 2014, in order to understand the environmental fate of microcystins (MCs) and evaluate the health risk from MCs. Samples of water, algal cells, macrophytes, shrimps and fish were taken to detect MCs by HPLC-MS/MS after solid phase extraction. Widespread MC contamination in water, algal cells, macrophytes, shrimps and fish was found in Lake Taihu. The ubiquitous presence of MCs in water, algal cells and biota was found in 100% of samples. MC accumulation was in the order of primary producer > tertiary consumer > secondary consumer > primary consumer. The highest levels of MCs in macrophytes, shrimps and fish tissue were found in Potamogeton maackianus, Exopalaemon modestus, and Hyporhamphus intermedius, respectively. The MCs level in shrimps and the tissues of three fish species, Neosalanx tangkahkeii taihuensis, Coilia ectenes and silver carp, was closely linked to their dietary exposure. Ceratophyllum demersum L. was an ideal plant for introduction into lakes to protect against Microcystis blooms and MCs, due to its ability to absorb nutrients, accumulate large amounts of MCs and tolerate these toxins compared to other macrophytes. The average daily intakes (ADIs) of MCs for Exopalaemon modestus and three fish species, Coilia ectenes, Hyporhamphus intermedius and Carassius carassius, were all above the tolerable daily intakes (TDI) set by the World Health Organization (WHO), implying there existed potential threats to human health.
Effects of Zinc Chelators on Aflatoxin Production in Aspergillus parasiticus
Authors: Wee Josephine , Day Devin , Linz John
Published: June 2016

Zinc concentrations strongly influence aflatoxin accumulation in laboratory media and in food and feed crops. The presence of zinc stimulates aflatoxin production, and the absence of zinc impedes toxin production. Initial studies that suggested a link between zinc and aflatoxin biosynthesis were presented in the 1970s. In the present study, we utilized two zinc chelators, N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl) ethane-1,2-diamine (TPEN) and 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid (DMPS) to explore the effect of zinc limitation on aflatoxin synthesis in Aspergillus parasiticus. TPEN but not DMPS decreased aflatoxin biosynthesis up to six-fold depending on whether A. parasiticus was grown on rich or minimal medium. Although we observed significant inhibition of aflatoxin production by TPEN, no detectable changes were observed in expression levels of the aflatoxin pathway gene ver-1 and the zinc binuclear cluster transcription factor, AflR. Treatment of growing A. parasiticus solid culture with a fluorescent zinc probe demonstrated an increase in intracellular zinc levels assessed by increases in fluorescent intensity of cultures treated with TPEN compared to controls. These data suggest that TPEN binds to cytoplasmic zinc therefore limiting fungal access to zinc. To investigate the efficacy of TPEN on food and feed crops, we found that TPEN effectively decreases aflatoxin accumulation on peanut medium but not in a sunflower seeds-derived medium. From an application perspective, these data provide the basis for biological differences that exist in the efficacy of different zinc chelators in various food and feed crops frequently contaminated by aflatoxin.
Sur un anthroponyme héroïque du grec ancien
Authors: de Lamberterie Charles
Published: June 2016

The anthroponym Ἀμυθάων (Odyssey 11, 259), which is already attested as a-mu-ta-wo in Linear B, has been argued by A. Heubeck to be a heroic name stemming from a Proto-Greek noun * hutʰā « fight » , cognate to Ved. yúdh-(same meaning, from IE root * yeudʰ- « stir, fight » ) : Ἀμυθάων is hypothesized to be based on * Ham-utʰā-won- « Co-fighter » . Although this etymology is quite satisfactory as to meaning, yet it may be criticized on formal grounds, for initial * h-in * hutʰā- should have been kept on into early Greek. This is exemplified by Proto-Greek * hekʰ-, * hokʰ-(< IE * se/ oĝʰ-) « hold, resist » , in which loss of initial h-(in accordance to Grassmann’s Law) can be shown to have occurred later. This large lexical family is examined in some detail, whence it emerges that its initial * h-left observable traces down into the first millenium both in the Homeric poems (as proved by metrical data) and onomastics. Therefore we would expect the prefix form in * Ham-utʰā-won-to be * ha-, not * ham-. It might be possible to get round this obstacle by postulating a noun * utʰā- (< IE * udʰā-) and taking it as the relevant starting point ; this noun would be derived from IE root * wedʰ- « hit, strike » . However there are some problems with this hypothesis as well.
Sur le sens de la formule κατὰ κόσμον chez Homère
Authors: du Sablon Vincent
Published: June 2016

In Homer, the formula (οὐ) κατὰ κόσμὀν refers to appropriateness in a social context which, though acknowledged by some scholars, has not yet received an in-depth study that would allow the specification of its meaning within the Homeric lexicon of order. An analysis of the relevant occurrences shows that the appropriateness implied should be understood considering the social efficiency of actions characterized by the formula.
Platon, Théétète : le secret de la doctrine secrète
Authors: O’Brien Denis
Published: June 2016

Le jeune Théétète est perturbé par les difficultés qui, cinquante ans plus tôt, si nous croyons le récit de Socrate dans le Phédon, étaient à l’origine de la théorie des formes. Mais Socrate, s’approchant de la vieillesse, ne fait aucune allusion aux formes quand, pour aider son jeune interlocuteur, il lui impose la description d’une doctrine, fort complexe, que Protagoras aurait divulguée, en secret, à ses disciples. Les commentateurs cherchent à concilier la doctrine de Protagoras avec la théorie des formes, mais en vain. La finalité du dialogue est tout autre. Théétète doit reconnaître dans la doctrine «secrète » , non pas la solution, mais la cause de ses difficultés.
L’arrivée de Caton le Jeune à Antioche
Authors: Ernst Paul
Published: June 2016

L’arrivée de Caton le Jeune à Antioche, au cours d’un voyage en Méditerranée orientale, a été rapportée à la fois par Plutarque et Julien. Caton se serait mépris sur des honneurs qu’il pensait lui être destinés. Analysant minutieusement les textes de ces deux auteurs, mais aussi la transmission de l’anecdote, le présent article cherche à souligner la complexité des interactions entre des discours,

dont plusieurs concourent à faire de Caton un modèle, une pratique culturelle

grecque (l’apantèsis), et les représentations de Caton, de ses biographes et de Julien, ainsi que de leurs lecteurs.
La céramique carolingienne du Xe siècle- de Saint-Omer
Authors: Routier Jean-Claude
Published: June 2016

Jean-Claude Routier, Xth Century Carlovingian Pottery in Saint-Omer.

Three sites excavated in Saint-Omer (Quai des Salines, former Albret barracks and Foch barracks) enabled us to gather a trove of potteries whose dating, thanks to dendrochronology, stretches from the second half of the Xth century onward. The study of the pastes allows to identify three productions : a first set in grey and black turned paste, a second in light paste with patterns painted from bright red to brownish marroon, a third in thick moulded paste with a shell-based scour. It is a home production, for culinary use (cooking pots, cauldrons, boiling pots), for storing too (globular pots called « oules »), less often for table use (tumblers, jugs). The quality of the painted pottery makes it akin to the Pingsdorf production, and doesn't preclude imitation. There must be noted too the presence of some painted containers, accidentally of the stoneware type. The post- Carlovingian pottery of Saint-Omer is contemporary of the Brouckerque pottery set whose datation, thanks to a I4C analysis of the hearth, goes back to the last quarter of the Xth century.
Comparaison pollinique entre les nécropoles de l'âge du bronze de Waben, Le Sémaphore et Conchil-le-Temple, La Frénésie (Pas-de-Calais)
Authors: Munaut André-Valentin , Féray Philippe , Piningre Jean-François
Published: June 2016

André- Valentin Munaut, Philippe Feray et Jean-François Piningre, Vergelijking van het pollenspectrum tussen de bronstijd grafveldende van Waben le « Sémaphore » en Conchil-le-Temple « la Frénésie » (Pas-de-Calais).

In een tussentijd van 20 jaar werden twee reeksen polle- nanalyses uitgevoerd op twee grafvelden uit de Bronstijd, de ene in Conchil-le-Temple « la Frénésie » : opgraving J.-F. Piningre (1978-1979), de andere te Waben « le Sémaphore » : opgraving P. Feray (1997). Op een afstand van amper 2 km, deze sites bevinden zich op een substraat van kiezelzand (pleistocene kustgordel) die zich uitstrekt tussen de picardische maritieme vlakte en de kreitplateaus uit het jurassiek tijdperk. Het archeologisch materiaal en de negen C14- dateringen plaatsen de sites op de overgang van de vroege en midden Bronstijd en de overgang van de late Bronstijd naar de Hallstat période. Vanaf de vroege Bronstijd blijkt deze zone al ontbost te zijn en bedekt met weinig uitgebreid maar begraasd weiland die enkel struikjes toelaat met gemakkelijke nakomelingen {Betula : berk, Corylus : hazelaar, Pinus : den) onder de vorm van bosjes of hagen. Graangewasssen en andere planten typisch voor agrikultuur zijn zeldzaam en veronderstellen dat de woon- plaatsen verderafgelegen zijn. Enkel de lindeboom, aanwe- zig te Waben en in mindere mate in Conchil-le-Temple, wijst op een eventueel tijdsverschil, Conchil-le-Temple iets later dan Waben ofwel op een latere ontbossing.
Une déesse et un prêtre. Deux statuettes en bronze d'époque gallo-romaine découvertes à Bavay (Nord)
Authors: Loridant Frédéric
Published: June 2016

Les fouilles préalables à l'aménagement de forum de Bavay ont permis d'explorer un dépotoir daté du second quart du Ve s. ap. J.-C. qui comblait en partie l'aile sud des cryptoportiques. A cette occasion, un important matériel a été mis au jour dont deux statuettes en bronze plein représentant une Minerve et un prêtre.

La statuette de Minerve est relativement bien conservée, la lance serrée dans la main gauche manque et la patère, tenue par l'autre main, est incomplète. Des parallèles stylistiques autorisent à la dater de la fin du Ier s. ou du début du 11e s. et d'en attribuer la fabrication à un atelier de l'Est de la Gaule. L'autre statuette est brisée à la hauteur des hanches et les deux avant-bras manquent. C'est un personnage masculin revêtu d'une lourde toge. Il appartient au type du prêtre à la toge qui est assez fréquent en Occident romain. Il est rapproché d'une série de statuettes datées de l'époque de Trajan.

Ces statuettes devaient sans doute avoir leur place dans un laraire domestique et témoignent de l'adoption à Bavay de l'iconographie religieuse impériale.
Assembling semiconducting molecules by covalent attachment to a lamellar crystalline polymer substrate
Authors: Machatschek Rainhard , Ortmann Patrick , Reiter Renate , Mecking Stefan , Reiter Günter
Published: June 2016

We have investigated the potential of polymers containing precisely spaced side-branches for thin film applications, particularly in the context of organic electronics. Upon crystallization, the side-branches were excluded from the crystalline core of a lamellar crystal. Thus, the surfaces of these crystals were covered by side-branches. By using carboxyl groups as side-branches, which allow for chemical reactions, we could functionalize the crystal with semiconducting molecules. Here, we compare properties of crystals differing in size: small nanocrystals and large single crystals. By assembling nanocrystals on a Langmuir trough, large areas could be covered by monolayers consisting of randomly arranged nanocrystals. Alternatively, we used a method based on local supersaturation to grow large area single crystals of the precisely side-branched polymer from solution. Attachment of the semiconducting molecules to the lamellar surface of large single crystals was possible, however, only after an appropriate annealing procedure. As a function of the duration of the grafting process, the morphology of the resulting layer of semiconducting molecules changed from patchy to compact.
Plurality and distributivity in Yaeyaman wh-questions
Authors: Davis Christopher Michael
Published: June 2016

In Yaeyaman, a critically endangered Japonic language of the Southern Ryukyus, there is a distinction made between singular and plural wh-questions, with plurality indicated by reduplication of the indeterminate (wh) pronoun. I argue that reduplication of the indeterminate is triggered by a morpheme RED that requires the presence of non-atoms in the set of Hamblin alternatives denoted by its sister. When attached directly to an indeterminate pronoun, RED requires the presence of non-atomic, plural entities. I then show that reduplicated indeterminate subjects can be interpreted distributively in pair-list answers, while reduplicated indeterminate objects cannot. After showing that the distributive reading of the subject indeterminate cannot be modeled straightforwardly using a distributivizing operator attached to the VP, I suggest that it reflects morphological agreement between the subject indeterminate and a clause-level RED morpheme, which requires the existence of plural answers in the set of alternative propositions denoted by the question. The semantics of clause-level RED requires a distinction between atomic and plural answers that parallels the distinction between atomic and plural entities. I also compare the Yaeyaman data with reduplication in Korean questions, showing that the semantics of RED differs between the two languages.  Keywords: plurality, distributivity, indeterminates, wh-questions, pair-list answers, redupli- cation, Ryukyuan, Yaeyaman, Korean
Force interaction in the expression of causation
Authors: Copley Bridget , Wolff Phillip , Shepard Jason
Published: June 2016

Causal meanings in verbs such as cause, enable and prevent have been analyzed as having two components that correspond to two interacting forces or tendencies: one associated with the agent and one with the patient (Talmy 2000; Wolff 2007). In this research we extend a force-dynamic analysis to a wider range of causal and quasi-causal expressions such as lead to, because, and after. The “structural causal pluralism hypothesis" (Copley & Wolff 2014) is not supported; instead force dynamics is shown to be relevant to expressions throughout syntactic structure. We find that the applicability of the classical force-interaction analysis depends on (i) whether an Agent/Causer is represented in the syntax, and (ii) what kind of causing entity is conceptually represented: either one that generates its own force or one whose force emerges from an interaction with and a field in the sense of Copley & Harley (2015) (e.g., a gravitational field). The latter case, we propose, suggests a criterion for force individuation. This account allows us to identify several classes of causal expressions and to further map out the division of labor between the grammatical and conceptual levels.
Redundancy and Embedded Exhaustification
Authors: Meyer Marie-Christine
Published: June 2016

I show how a formalization of Grice’s Brevity intuition, which I call Efficiency (Meyer 2013, 2014), correctly distinguishes between acceptable and unacceptable disjunctions that all seem to be redundant at first (e.g. Gajewski & Sharvit 2012; Mayr & Romoli 2013). The upshot is that the presence of embedded implicatures is one way of making a structure efficient in the formal sense developed here. I show that a particular prediction of Efficiency – the existence of embedded implicatures resulting in overall weakening of meaning – is not incorrect, and sheds new light on the role of rise-fall-rise intonation in these cases (Fox & Spector 2013; Büring 1997).
EDITORIAL
Authors: Barevičiūtė Jovilė
Published: June 2016

"Editorial." Creativity Studies, 9(1), pp. 1–2
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE COMPANION μ HER
Authors: Roberts Jr. Lewis C. , Mason Brian D. , Aguilar Jonathan , Carson Joseph , Crepp Justin , Beichman Charles , Brenner Douglas , Burruss Rick , Cady Eric , Luszcz-Cook Statia , Dekany Richard , Hillenbrand Lynne , Hinkley Sasha , King David , Lockhart Thomas G. , Nilsson Ricky , Oppenheimer Rebecca , Parry Ian R. , Pueyo Laurent , Rice Emily L. , Sivaramakrishnan Anand , Soummer Rémi , Vasisht Gautam , Veicht Aaron , Wang Ji , Zhai Chengxing , Zimmerman Neil T.
Published: June 2016

μ Her is a nearby quadruple system with a G-subgiant primary and several low-mass companions arranged in a 2+2 architecture. While the BC components have been well characterized, the Ab component has been detected astrometrically and with direct imaging but there has been some confusion over its nature, in particular, whether the companion is stellar or substellar. Using near-infrared spectroscopy, we are able to estimate the spectral type of the companion as an M4±1V star. In addition, we have measured the astrometry of the system for over a decade. We combined the astrometry with archival radial velocity measurements to compute an orbit of the system. From the combined orbit, we are able to compute the mass sum of the system. Using the estimated mass of the primary, we estimate the mass of the secondary as 0.32

M

⊙

, which agrees with the estimated spectral type. Our computed orbit is preliminary due to the incomplete orbital phase coverage, but it should be sufficient to predict ephemerides over the next decade.
DISCOVERY OF AN X-RAY-EMITTING CONTACT BINARY SYSTEM 2MASS J11201034−2201340
Authors: Hu Chin-Ping , Yang Ting-Chang , Chou Yi , Liu L. , Qian S.-B. , Hui C. Y. , Kong Albert K. H. , Lin L. C. C. , Tam P. H. T. , Li K. L. , Ngeow Chow-Choong , Chen W. P. , Ip Wing-Huen
Published: June 2016

We report the detection of orbital modulation, a model solution, and the X-ray properties of a newly discovered contact binary, Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) J11201034−2201340. We serendipitously found this X-ray point source outside the error ellipse when searching for possible X-ray counterparts of γ-ray millisecond pulsars among the unidentified objects detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The optical counterpart of the X-ray source (unrelated to the γ-ray source) was then identified using archival databases. The long-term Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey detected a precise signal with a period of

P
=
0.28876208
(
56
)

days. A follow-up observation made by the Super Light Telescope of Lulin Observatory revealed the binary nature of the object. Utilizing archived photometric data of multi-band surveys, we construct the spectral energy distribution (SED), which is well fit by a K2V spectral template. The fitting result of the orbital profile using the Wilson–Devinney code suggests that 2MASS J11201034-2201340 is a short-period A-type contact binary and the more massive component has a cool spot. The X-ray emission was first noted in observations made by Swift, and then further confirmed and characterized by an XMM-Newton observation. The X-ray spectrum can be described by a power law or thermal Bremsstrahlung. Unfortunately, we could not observe significant X-ray orbital modulation. Finally, according to the SED, this system is estimated to be 690 pc from Earth with a calculated X-ray intensity of

(
0.7
−
1.5
)
×

10

30

erg s−1, which is in the expected range of an X-ray emitting contact binary.
MODELING THE PERFORMANCE OF THE LSST IN SURVEYING THE NEAR-EARTH OBJECT POPULATION
Authors: Grav T. , Mainzer A. K. , Spahr T.
Published: June 2016

We have performed a detailed survey simulation of the LSST performance with regards to near-Earth objects (NEOs) using the project’s current baseline cadence. The survey shows that if the project is able to reliably generate linked sets of positions and times (a so-called “tracklet”) using two detections of a given object per night and can link these tracklets into a track with a minimum of three tracklets covering more than a ∼12 day length-of-arc, then they would be able to discover 62% of the potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs) larger than 140 m in its projected 10 year survey lifetime. This completeness would be reduced to 58% if the project is unable to implement a pipeline using the two detection cadence and has to adopt the four detection cadence more commonly used by existing NEO surveys. When including the estimated performance from the current operating surveys, assuming these would continue running until the start of LSST and perhaps beyond, the completeness fraction for PHAs larger than 140 m would be 73% for the baseline cadence and 71% for the four detection cadence. This result is a lower completeness than the estimate of Ivezić et al.; however, the result is quite close to that of Jones et al., who show ∼70% completeness using the identical survey cadence as used here. We show that the traditional method of using absolute magnitude

H
<
22

mag as a proxy for the population with diameters larger than 140 m results in completeness values that are too high by ∼5%. Our simulation makes use of the most recent models of the physical and orbital properties of the NEO and PHA populations, as well as simulated cadences and telescope performance estimates provided by the LSST project. The consistency of the results presented here when compared to those of Jones et al. demonstrates the robustness of these survey modeling approaches. We also show that while neither LSST nor a space-based IR platform like NEOCam individually can complete the survey for 140 m diameter NEOs, the combination of these systems can achieve that goal after a decade of observation.
SIGNATURES OF GRAVITATIONAL INSTABILITY IN RESOLVED IMAGES OF PROTOSTELLAR DISKS
Authors: Dong (董若冰) Ruobing , Vorobyov Eduard , Pavlyuchenkov Yaroslav , Chiang (蔣詒曾) Eugene , Liu (呂浩宇) Hauyu Baobab
Published: June 2016

Protostellar (class 0/I) disks, which have masses comparable to those of their nascent host stars and are fed continuously from their natal infalling envelopes, are prone to gravitational instability (GI). Motivated by advances in near-infrared (NIR) adaptive optics imaging and millimeter-wave interferometry, we explore the observational signatures of GI in disks using hydrodynamical and Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations to synthesize NIR scattered light images and millimeter dust continuum maps. Spiral arms induced by GI, located at disk radii of hundreds of astronomical units, are local overdensities and have their photospheres displaced to higher altitudes above the disk midplane; therefore, arms scatter more NIR light from their central stars than inter-arm regions, and are detectable at distances up to 1 kpc by Gemini/GPI, VLT/SPHERE, and Subaru/HiCIAO/SCExAO. In contrast, collapsed clumps formed by disk fragmentation have such strong local gravitational fields that their scattering photospheres are at lower altitudes; such fragments appear fainter than their surroundings in NIR scattered light. Spiral arms and streamers recently imaged in four FU Ori systems at NIR wavelengths resemble GI-induced structures and support the interpretation that FUors are gravitationally unstable protostellar disks. At millimeter wavelengths, both spirals and clumps appear brighter in thermal emission than the ambient disk and can be detected by ALMA at distances up to 0.4 kpc with one hour integration times at ∼0.″1 resolution. Collapsed fragments having masses ≳1 M
J can be detected by ALMA within ∼10 minutes.
ABOVE-THE-LOOP-TOP OSCILLATION AND QUASI-PERIODIC CORONAL WAVE GENERATION IN SOLAR FLARES
Authors: Takasao Shinsuke , Shibata Kazunari
Published: June 2016

Observations revealed that various kinds of oscillations are excited in solar flare regions. Quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs) in flare emissions are commonly observed in a wide range of wavelengths. Recent observations have found that fast-mode magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves are quasi-periodically emitted from some flaring sites (quasi-periodic propagating fast-mode magnetoacoustic waves; QPFs). Both QPPs and QPFs imply a cyclic disturbance originating from the flaring sites. However, the physical mechanisms remain puzzling. By performing a set of two-dimensional MHD simulations of a solar flare, we discovered the local oscillation above the loops filled with evaporated plasma (above-the-loop-top region) and the generation of QPFs from such oscillating regions. Unlike all previous models for QPFs, our model includes essential physics for solar flares such as magnetic reconnection, heat conduction, and chromospheric evaporation. We revealed that QPFs can be spontaneously excited by the above-the-loop-top oscillation. We found that this oscillation is controlled by the backflow of the reconnection outflow. The new model revealed that flare loops and the above-the-loop-top region are full of shocks and waves, which is different from the previous expectations based on a standard flare model and previous simulations. In this paper, we show the QPF generation process based on our new picture of flare loops and will briefly discuss a possible relationship between QPFs and QPPs. Our findings will change the current view of solar flares to a new view in which they are a very dynamic phenomenon full of shocks and waves.
THE FIRST DETECTION OF PHOTOMETRIC VARIABILITY IN A Y DWARF: WISE J140518.39+553421.3
Authors: Cushing Michael C. , Hardegree-Ullman Kevin K. , Trucks Jesica L. , Morley Caroline V. , Gizis John E. , Marley Mark S. , Fortney Jonathan J. , Kirkpatrick J. Davy , Gelino Christopher R. , Mace Gregory N. , Carey Sean J.
Published: June 2016

We present the first detection of the photometric variability in a spectroscopically confirmed Y dwarf. The Infrared Array Camera on board the Spitzer Space Telescope was used to obtain time series photometry of WISE J140518.39+553421.3 at 3.6 and 4.5 μm over a 24-hr period at two different epochs separated by 149 days. Variability is evident at 4.5 μm in the first epoch and at 3.6 and 4.5 μm in the second epoch, which suggests that the underlying cause or causes of this variability change on the timescales of months. The second-epoch [3.6] and [4.5] light curves are nearly sinusoidal in form, in phase, have periods of roughly 8.5 hr, and have semi-amplitudes of 3.5%. We find that a simple geometric spot model with a single bright spot reproduces these observations well. We also compare our measured semi-amplitudes of the second-epoch light curves to predictions of the static, one-dimensional, partly cloudy, and hot spot models of Morley and collaborators, and find that neither set of models can reproduce the observed [3.6] and [4.5] semi-amplitudes simultaneously. Therefore, more advanced two-dimensional or three-dimensional models that include time-dependent phenomena like vertical mixing, cloud formation, and thermal relaxation are sorely needed in order to properly interpret our observations.
MODELING THE MULTI-BAND AFTERGLOW OF GRB 130831A: EVIDENCE FOR A SPINNING-DOWN MAGNETAR DOMINATED BY GRAVITATIONAL WAVE LOSSES?
Authors: Zhang Q. , Huang Y. F. , Zong H. S.
Published: June 2016

The X-ray afterglow of GRB 130831A shows an “internal plateau” with a decay slope of ∼0.8, followed by a steep drop at around 105 s with a slope of ∼6. After the drop, the X-ray afterglow continues with a much shallower decay. The optical afterglow exhibits two segments of plateaus separated by a luminous optical flare, followed by a normal decay with a slope basically consistent with that of the late-time X-ray afterglow. The decay of the internal X-ray plateau is much steeper than what we expect in the simplest magnetar model. We propose a scenario in which the magnetar undergoes gravitational-wave-driven r-mode instability, and the spin-down is dominated by gravitational wave losses up to the end of the steep plateau, so that such a relatively steep plateau can be interpreted as the internal emission of the magnetar wind and the sharp drop can be produced when the magnetar collapses into a black hole. This scenario also predicts an initial X-ray plateau lasting for hundreds of seconds with an approximately constant flux which is compatible with observation. Assuming that the magnetar wind has a negligible contribution in the optical band, we interpret the optical afterglow as the forward shock emission by invoking the energy injection from a continuously refreshed shock following the prompt emission phase. It is shown that our model can basically describe the temporal evolution of the multi-band afterglow of GRB 130831A.
AN ALMA SEARCH FOR SUBSTRUCTURE, FRAGMENTATION, AND HIDDEN PROTOSTARS IN STARLESS CORES IN CHAMAELEON I
Authors: Dunham Michael M. , Offner Stella S. R. , Pineda Jaime E. , Bourke Tyler L. , Tobin John J. , Arce Héctor G. , Chen Xuepeng , Francesco James Di , Johnstone Doug , Lee Katherine I. , Myers Philip C. , Price Daniel , Sadavoy Sarah I. , Schnee Scott
Published: June 2016

We present an Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 106 GHz (Band 3) continuum survey of the complete population of dense cores in the Chamaeleon I molecular cloud. We detect a total of 24 continuum sources in 19 different target fields. All previously known Class 0 and Class I protostars in Chamaeleon I are detected, whereas all of the 56 starless cores in our sample are undetected. We show that the Spitzer+Herschel census of protostars in Chamaeleon I is complete, with the rate at which protostellar cores have been misclassified as starless cores calculated as <1/56, or <2%. We use synthetic observations to show that starless cores collapsing following the turbulent fragmentation scenario are detectable by our ALMA observations when their central densities exceed ∼108 cm−3, with the exact density dependent on the viewing geometry. Bonnor–Ebert spheres, on the other hand, remain undetected to central densities at least as high as 1010 cm−3. Our starless core non-detections are used to infer that either the star-formation rate is declining in Chamaeleon I and most of the starless cores are not collapsing, matching the findings of previous studies, or that the evolution of starless cores are more accurately described by models that develop less substructure than predicted by the turbulent fragmentation scenario, such as Bonnor–Ebert spheres. We outline future work necessary to distinguish between these two possibilities.