bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are marine n-3 fatty acids protective towards insulin resistance? From cell to human
Authors: Delarue Jacques
Published: March 2020

Marine n-3 fatty acids improve most of the biochemical alterations associated with insulin resistance (IR). Experimental models of dietary-induced IR in rodents have shown their ability (often at a very high dose) to prevent IR, but with sometimes a tissue specific effect. However, in a high sucrose diet-induced IR rat model, they are unable to reverse IR once installed; in other rodent models (dexamethasone, Zucker rats), they are inefficacious perhaps because of the severity of IR. The very low incidence of type-2 diabetes (T2D) in Inuits in the 1960s, which largely increased over the following decades in parallel to the replacement of their traditional marine food for a western diet strongly suggests a protective effect of marine n-3 towards the risk of T2D; this was confirmed by reversal of its incidence in intervention studies reintroducing their traditional food. In healthy subjects and insulin-resistant non-diabetic patients, most trials and meta-analyses conclude to an insulin-sensitising effect and to a very probable preventive or alleviating effect towards IR. Concerning the risk of T2D, concordant data allow us to conclude the protective effect of marine n-3 in Asians while suspicion exists of an aggravation of risk in Westerners, but with the possibility that it could be explained by a high heterogeneity of studies performed in this population. Some longitudinal cohorts in US/European people showed no association or a decreased risk. Further studies using more homogeneous doses, sources of n-3 and assessment of insulin sensitivity methods are required to better delineate their effects in Westerners.
Dynamic associations between interpersonal needs and suicidal ideation in a sample of individuals with eating disorders
Authors: Bodell Lindsay P. , Smith April R. , Witte Tracy K.
Published: March 2020

Background

Over half of individuals with eating disorders experience suicidal ideation at some point in their lives, yet few longitudinal studies have examined predictors of ideation in this at-risk group. Moreover, prospective research has focused on relatively distal or trait-level factors that are informative for distinguishing who is most at risk but not when. Little is known about more proximal or state-level risk factors that fluctuate within an individual, which is critical for determining when a person is most likely to engage in suicidal behaviors.

Methods

Women (N= 97) receiving treatment for their eating disorder completed questionnaires weekly to assess suicidal ideation and interpersonal constructs (i.e. perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness) theorized to be proximal predictors of suicidal desire. Longitudinal multilevel models were conducted to examine both within- and between-person predictors of suicidal ideation across 12 weeks of treatment.

Results

Statistically significant within-person effects for burdensomeness (β= 0.06;p< 0.001) indicate that when individuals have greater feelings of burdensomeness compared to their own average, they also experience higher suicidal ideation. We did not find any significant influence of thwarted belongingness or the interaction between burdensomeness and belongingness on suicidal ideation.

Conclusions

This study was the first to examine dynamic associations between interpersonal constructs and suicidal ideation in individuals with eating disorders. Results are only partially consistent with the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide and suggest that short-term changes in burdensomeness may impact suicidal behavior in individuals with eating disorders.
FEMINISTING FREE IMPROVISATION
Authors: Reardon-Smith Hannah , Denson Louise , Tomlinson Vanessa
Published: March 2020

The idea and meaning of ‘freedom’ in free improvisation has largely been determined by a masculine subject position. This paper proposes a thinking of free improvisation from a feminist perspective, drawing upon the writings of Donna Haraway, Sara Ahmed and Anna Löwenhaupt Tsing, and on our own practices as improvising musicians. Reflecting on our own experiences in music and life, we ask: What does it mean to be a feminist free improviser? What inspires us to seek freedom through our improvisation practices? Can thinking improvisation through the lens of feminist theory inform our improvisational practices? We seek to think improvisation from a collective, inclusive origin. We posit that improvising is always, as Donna Haraway has suggested, ‘making-with’: creating, moment-to-moment, requiring interaction with the environment and its inhabitants. Free improvisation is not free if its practice is delimited by an exclusive world view. ‘Feministing’ free improvisation can challenge assumptions that undermine free improvisation's claim to freedom.
Ellen Arkbro and Marcus Pal; Claudia Molitor, Decay, hcmf//, 16 November 2019
Authors: Ridout Sam
Published: March 2020

Ellen Arkbro has been much fêted in experimental scenes (though not – or not yet – so much in the sort of new music scenes with which hcmf// remains associated) for her two records, For Organ and Brass (2017) and CHORDS (2019). Her performance with Marcus Pal in St Paul's Hall in Huddersfield follows a number of other shows in the UK, including at TUSK festival in Newcastle and at the Barbican in London. The pair are based in Stockholm, where they seem to be part of a burgeoning experimental organ scene. Their just intonation drone music comes with impeccable credentials: both studied with La Monte Young, and Pal also studied with Catherine Christer Hennix. The organ emitted a quiet diminished octave as the audience filed in, a dissonance resolved as soon as Arkbro sat down at the organ manual. What followed appeared to be a reworked and extended version of CHORDS for organ: the organ articulating perfect intervals and single tones, sounding something like a harmonic series and something like the I–IV–V of rock and blues, while Pal's computer-generated additive synthesis, speakers carefully directed upwards parallel to the organ's pipes, combine with the organ's familiar sound to create dense and jagged masses, chords transforming into timbres and back again.
Reduced diet breadth in the Scarlet MacawAra macaoof the Área de Conservación Osa (ACOSA), Costa Rica: Implications for conservation and ecotourism
Authors: HAMM JOSEPH O.E. , BOND GRACE M. , EXLEY LAURA C. , KOREIN EMMA A.
Published: March 2020

The Área de Conservación Osa (ACOSA) contains the largest population of Scarlet MacawsAra macaoin Costa Rica. Despite their influence on ecosystem dynamics and status as a flagship species, empirical data on the foraging patterns of this population is lacking. This information is crucial in implementing effective conservation strategies, particularly reintroduction attempts. Observations of feeding behaviour were made systematically over a 12-month period to provide the first direct examination of Scarlet Macaw diet within the ACOSA region. Scarlet Macaws feed on various items including seeds, flowers, bark, and leaf-gall larvae. Key findings included a demonstration of a smaller dietary niche breadth than that recorded for other Central American populations, use of button mangroveConocarpus erectus, a species not previously recognised as a food source for Scarlet Macaws, and a heavy reliance on an exotic non-native species,Terminalia catappa.We argue that whilst human-modified coastal locations may present viable habitat for Scarlet Macaws, anthropogenic influences including the removal of native food sources and proliferation of exotic and cultivated species have left the Scarlet Macaws of the ACOSA particularly dependent on a small number of species.
Re-Increased Male Suicide Rates in the Recovery Phase Following the Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Orui Masatsugu
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Background: Monitoring of suicide rates in the recovery phase following a devastating disaster has been limited. Aim: We report on a 7-year follow-up of the suicide rates in the area affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake, which occurred in March 2011. Method: This descriptive study covered the period from March 2009 to February 2018. Period analysis was used to divide the 108-month study period into nine segments, in which suicide rates were compared with national averages using Poisson distribution. Results: Male suicide rates in the affected area from March 2013 to February 2014 increased to a level higher than the national average. After subsequently dropping, the male rates from March 2016 to February 2018 re-increased and showed a greater difference compared with the national averages. The difference became significant in the period from March 2017 to February 2018 ( p = .047). Limitations: Specific reasons for increasing the rates in the recovery phase were not determined. Conclusion: The termination of the provision of free temporary housing might be influential in this context. Provision of temporary housing was terminated from 2016, which increased economic hardship among needy evacuees. Furthermore, disruption of the social connectedness in the temporary housing may have had an influence. Our findings suggest the necessity of suicide rate monitoring even in the recovery phase.
Oxygen Vacancy Substitution Linked to Ferric Iron in Bridgmanite at 27 GPa
Authors: Fei Hongzhan , Liu Zhaodong , McCammon Catherine , Katsura Tomoo
Published: March 2020

Ferric iron can be incorporated into the crystal structure of bridgmanite by either oxygen vacancy substitution (MgFeO2.5 component) or charge‐coupled substitution (FeFeO3 component) mechanisms. We investigated the concentrations of MgFeO2.5 and FeFeO3 in bridgmanite in the MgO‐SiO2‐Fe2O3 system at 27 GPa and 1700–2300 K using a multianvil apparatus. The FeFeO3 content increases from 1.6 to 7.6 mol.% and from 5.7 to 17.9 mol.% with and without coexistence of (Mg,Fe)O, respectively, with increasing temperature from 1700 to 2300 K. In contrast, the MgFeO2.5 content does not show clear temperature dependence, that is, ~2–3 and < 2 mol.% with and without the coexistence of (Mg,Fe)O, respectively. Therefore, the presence of (Mg,Fe)O enhances the oxygen vacancy substitution for Fe3+ in bridgmanite. It is predicted that Fe3+ is predominantly substituted following the oxygen vacancy mechanism in (Mg,Fe)O‐saturated Al‐free bridgmanite when Fe3+ is below ~0.025 pfu, whereas the charge‐coupled mechanism occurs when Fe3+ > 0.025 pfu.
On the Ubiquity of Magnetic Reconnection Inside Flux Transfer Event‐Like Structures at the Earth's Magnetopause
Authors: Fargette N. , Lavraud B. , Øieroset M. , Phan T. D. , Toledo‐Redondo S. , Kieokaew R. , Jacquey C. , Fuselier S. A. , Trattner K. J. , Petrinec S. , Hasegawa H. , Garnier P. , Génot V. , Lenouvel Q. , Fadanelli S. , Penou E. , Sauvaud J.‐A. , Avanov D. L. A. , Burch J. , Chandler M. O. , Coffey V. N. , Dorelli J. , Eastwood J. P. , Farrugia C. J. , Gershman D. J. , Giles B. L. , Grigorenko E. , Moore T. E. , Paterson W. R. , Pollock C. , Saito Y. , Schiff C. , Smith S. E.
Published: March 2020

Flux transfer events (FTEs) are transient phenomena frequently observed at the Earth's magnetopause. Their usual interpretation is a flux rope moving away from the reconnection region. However, the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission revealed that magnetic reconnection sometimes occurs inside these structures, questioning their flux rope configuration. Here we investigate 229 FTE‐type structures and find reconnection signatures inside 19% of them. We analyze their large‐scale magnetic topology using electron heat flux and find that it is significantly different across the FTE reconnecting current sheets, demonstrating that they are constituted of two magnetically disconnected structures. We also find that the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) associated with reconnecting FTEs presents a strong By component. We discuss several formation mechanisms to explain these observations. In particular, the maximum magnetic shear model predicts that for large IMF By, two spatially distinct X lines coexist at the magnetopause. They can generate separate magnetic flux tubes that may become interlaced.
Polyphase Tectonic Evolution of Fore‐Arc Basin Related to STEP Fault as Revealed by Seismic Reflection Data From the Alboran Sea (W‐Mediterranean)
Authors: d'Acremont E. , Lafosse M. , Rabaute A. , Teurquety G. , Do Couto D. , Ercilla G. , Juan C. , de Lépinay B. Mercier , Lafuerza S. , Galindo‐Zaldivar J. , Estrada F. , Vazquez J. T. , Leroy S. , Poort J. , Ammar A. , Gorini C.
Published: March 2020

Since the Miocene, the thinned continental crust below the Alboran Sea and its overlying sedimentary cover have been undergoing deformation caused by both convergence of Eurasia and Africa and by deep processes related to the Tethyan slab retreat. Part of this deformation is recorded at the Xauen and Tofiño banks in the southern Alboran Sea. Using swath bathymetry and multichannel seismic reflection data, we identified different stages and styles of deformation. The South Alboran Basin is made up of Early Miocene to Pliocene sedimentary layers that correlate with the West Alboran Basin depocenter and are dominated by E‐W trending folds and thrusts. The Xauen and Tofiño Banks first recorded the phase of extension and strike‐slip movement during the slab retreat, followed by the phase of compressional inversion since the Tortonian and are now structured by tight folds, thrusts, and mud bodies. This study proposes that the Banks were located on the southern‐inherited Subduction Tear Edge Propagator (STEP) fault related to the westward migration of the Alboran domain during the Miocene. The STEP fault zone, acting as a boundary between the African block and the Alboran block, was located along the onshore Jebha‐Nekor fault and the offshore Alboran Ridge and the Yusuf fault zone. Thick‐skinned and thin‐skinned shortening occurred when slab retreat stopped, and inversion began. The present‐day style of the deformation seems to be linked to a decollement level made of undercompacted shale on top of the Ghomaride complex.
Bortezomib-based consolidation or maintenance therapy for multiple myeloma: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Shijia , Kulkarni Amit A. , Xu Beibei , Chu Haitao , Kourelis Taxiarchis , Go Ronald S. , Wang Michael L. , Bachanova Veronika , Wang Yucai
Published: March 2020

Bortezomib-based regimens are widely used as induction therapy for multiple myeloma (MM). Unlike lenalidomide, the role of bortezomib in consolidation and maintenance therapy for MM is less clear. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of bortezomib-based consolidation and maintenance therapy on survival outcomes and adverse events. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase databases, and major conference proceedings were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of bortezomib-based regimens as consolidation or maintenance therapy for MM. Ten RCTs enrolling 3147 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Bortezomib-based regimens were compared with regimens without bortezomib or observation. The meta-analysis suggested that bortezomib-based maintenance therapy improved progression-free survival (PFS; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.72, 95% CI 0.55–0.95, P = 0.02) and overall survival (OS; HR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.58–0.87, P = 0.001). Bortezomib-based consolidation therapy improved PFS (HR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.68–0.88, P < 0.001) but not OS (HR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.78–1.24, P = 0.87). Bortezomib-based consolidation/maintenance therapy led to a trend toward increased risk of grade ≥ 3 neurologic symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, and fatigue. More research is warranted to further assess the role of bortezomib-based consolidation and maintenance therapy for multiple myeloma.
Deep learning radiomics can predict axillary lymph node status in early-stage breast cancer
Authors: Zheng Xueyi , Yao Zhao , Huang Yini , Yu Yanyan , Wang Yun , Liu Yubo , Mao Rushuang , Li Fei , Xiao Yang , Wang Yuanyuan , Hu Yixin , Yu Jinhua , Zhou Jianhua
Published: March 2020

Accurate identification of axillary lymph node (ALN) involvement in patients with early-stage breast cancer is important for determining appropriate axillary treatment options and therefore avoiding unnecessary axillary surgery and complications. Here, we report deep learning radiomics (DLR) of conventional ultrasound and shear wave elastography of breast cancer for predicting ALN status preoperatively in patients with early-stage breast cancer. Clinical parameter combined DLR yields the best diagnostic performance in predicting ALN status between disease-free axilla and any axillary metastasis with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.902 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.843, 0.961) in the test cohort. This clinical parameter combined DLR can also discriminate between low and heavy metastatic burden of axillary disease with AUC of 0.905 (95% CI: 0.814, 0.996) in the test cohort. Our study offers a noninvasive imaging biomarker to predict the metastatic extent of ALN for patients with early-stage breast cancer.
Single particles as resonators for thermomechanical analysis
Authors: Okeyo Peter Ouma , Larsen Peter Emil , Kissi Eric Ofosu , Ajalloueian Fatemeh , Rades Thomas , Rantanen Jukka , Boisen Anja
Published: March 2020

Thermal methods are indispensable for the characterization of most materials. However, the existing methods require bulk amounts for analysis and give an averaged response of a material. This can be especially challenging in a biomedical setting, where only very limited amounts of material are initially available. Nano- and microelectromechanical systems (NEMS/MEMS) offer the possibility of conducting thermal analysis on small amounts of materials in the nano-microgram range, but cleanroom fabricated resonators are required. Here, we report the use of single drug and collagen particles as micro mechanical resonators, thereby eliminating the need for cleanroom fabrication. Furthermore, the proposed method reveals additional thermal transitions that are undetected by standard thermal methods and provide the possibility of understanding fundamental changes in the mechanical properties of the materials during thermal cycling. This method is applicable to a variety of different materials and opens the door to fundamental mechanistic insights.
CCN1 is an opsonin for bacterial clearance and a direct activator of Toll-like receptor signaling
Authors: Jun Joon-Il , Lau Lester F.
Published: March 2020

Expression of the matricellular protein CCN1 (CYR61) is associated with inflammation and is required for successful wound repair. Here, we show that CCN1 binds bacterial pathogen-associated molecular patterns including peptidoglycans of Gram-positive bacteria and lipopolysaccharides of Gram-negative bacteria. CCN1 opsonizes methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and accelerates their removal by phagocytosis and increased production of bactericidal reactive oxygen species in macrophages through the engagement of integrin αvβ3. Mice with myeloid-specific Ccn1 deletion and knock-in mice expressing CCN1 unable to bind αvβ3 are more susceptible to infection by S. aureus or P. aeruginosa, resulting in increased mortality and organ colonization. Furthermore, CCN1 binds directly to TLR2 and TLR4 to activate MyD88-dependent signaling, cytokine expression and neutrophil mobilization. CCN1 is therefore a pattern recognition receptor that opsonizes bacteria for clearance and functions as a damage-associated molecular pattern to activate inflammatory responses, activities that contribute to wound healing and tissue repair.
Collapse of layer dimerization in the photo-induced hidden state of 1T-TaS2
Authors: Stahl Quirin , Kusch Maximilian , Heinsch Florian , Garbarino Gaston , Kretzschmar Norman , Hanff Kerstin , Rossnagel Kai , Geck Jochen , Ritschel Tobias
Published: March 2020

Photo-induced switching between collective quantum states of matter is a fascinating rising field with exciting opportunities for novel technologies. Presently, very intensively studied examples in this regard are nanometer-thick single crystals of the layered material 1T-TaS2, where picosecond laser pulses can trigger a fully reversible insulator-to-metal transition (IMT). This IMT is believed to be connected to the switching between metastable collective quantum states, but the microscopic nature of this so-called hidden quantum state remained largely elusive up to now. Here, we characterize the hidden quantum state of 1T-TaS2 by means of state-of-the-art x-ray diffraction and show that the laser-driven IMT involves a marked rearrangement of the charge and orbital order in the direction perpendicular to the TaS2-layers. More specifically, we identify the collapse of interlayer molecular orbital dimers as a key mechanism for this non-thermal collective transition between two truly long-range ordered electronic crystals.
Controlled partial transfer hydrogenation of quinolines by cobalt-amido cooperative catalysis
Authors: Pang Maofu , Chen Jia-Yi , Zhang Shengjie , Liao Rong-Zhen , Tung Chen-Ho , Wang Wenguang
Published: March 2020

Catalytic hydrogenation or transfer hydrogenation of quinolines was thought to be a direct strategy to access dihydroquinolines. However, the challenge is to control the chemoselectivity and regioselectivity. Here we report an efficient partial transfer hydrogenation system operated by a cobalt-amido cooperative catalyst, which converts quinolines to 1,2-dihydroquinolines by the reaction with H3N·BH3 at room temperature. This methodology enables the large scale synthesis of many 1,2-dihydroquinolines with a broad range of functional groups. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that the reduction of quinoline is controlled precisely by cobalt-amido cooperation to operate dihydrogen transfer from H3N·BH3 to the N=C bond of the substrates.
Verifying molecular clusters by 2-color localization microscopy and significance testing
Authors: Arnold Andreas M. , Schneider Magdalena C. , Hüsson Christoph , Sablatnig Robert , Brameshuber Mario , Baumgart Florian , Schütz Gerhard J.
Published: March 2020

While single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) offers the invaluable prospect to visualize cellular structures below the diffraction limit of light microscopy, its potential has not yet been fully capitalized due to its inherent susceptibility to blinking artifacts. Particularly, overcounting of single molecule localizations has impeded a reliable and sensitive detection of biomolecular nanoclusters. Here we introduce a 2-Color Localization microscopy And Significance Testing Approach (2-CLASTA), providing a parameter-free statistical framework for the qualitative analysis of two-dimensional SMLM data via significance testing methods. 2-CLASTA yields p-values for the null hypothesis of random biomolecular distributions, independent of the blinking behavior of the chosen fluorescent labels. The method is parameter-free and does not require any additional measurements nor grouping of localizations. We validated the method both by computer simulations as well as experimentally, using protein concatemers as a mimicry of biomolecular clustering. As the new approach is not affected by overcounting artifacts, it is able to detect biomolecular clustering of various shapes at high sensitivity down to a level of dimers.
Using global isotopic data to constrain the role of shale gas production in recent increases in atmospheric methane
Authors: Milkov Alexei V. , Schwietzke Stefan , Allen Grant , Sherwood Owen A. , Etiope Giuseppe
Published: March 2020

The accelerated increase in global methane (CH4) in the atmosphere, accompanied by a decrease in its 13C/12C isotopic ratio (δ13CCH4) from −47.1‰ to −47.3‰ observed since 2008, has been attributed to increased emissions from wetlands and cattle, as well as from shale gas and shale oil developments. To date both explanations have relied on poorly constrained δ13CCH4 source signatures. We use a dataset of δ13CCH4 from >1600 produced shale gas samples from regions that account for >97% of global shale gas production to constrain the contribution of shale gas emissions to observed atmospheric increases in the global methane burden. We find that US shale gas extracted since 2008 has volume-weighted-average δ13CCH4 of −39.6‰. The average δ13CCH4 weighted by US basin-level measured emissions in 2015 was −41.8‰. Therefore, emission increases from shale gas would contribute to an opposite atmospheric δ13CCH4 signal in the observed decrease since 2008 (while noting that the global isotopic trend is the net of all dynamic source and sink processes). This observation strongly suggests that changing emissions of other (isotopically-lighter) CH4 source terms is dominating the increase in global CH4 emissions. Although production of shale gas has increased rapidly since 2008, and CH4 emissions associated with this increased production are expected to have increased overall in that timeframe, the simultaneously-observed increase in global atmospheric CH4 is not dominated by emissions from shale gas and shale oil developments.
Evaluation of Radiation dosimetry of 99mTc-HYNIC-PSMA and imaging in prostate cancer
Authors: Zhang Jianping , Zhang Jiangang , Xu Xiaoping , Lu Linjun , Hu Silong , Liu Chang , Cheng Jingyi , Song Shaoli , Zhang Yingjian , Shi L. Q.
Published: March 2020

This study aims to evaluate the radiation dosimetry of a new technetium-99m‒labelled small-molecule inhibitor of prostate-specific membrane antigen (HYNIC-Glu-Urea-A, 99mTc-HYNIC-PSMA) and its feasibility as a tumor-imaging agent in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. A total of 15 PCa patients were enrolled in this study. For the dosimetry study, 5 PCa patients received whole-body planar scans at 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h and 8 h after 99mTc-HYNIC-PSMA injection. The Dosimetry Toolkit (GE, Milwaukee) was used to process the data and segment the organs in the SPECT/CT images, which were then projected onto planar images. The organ-specific absorbed doses, total-body absorbed doses and 99mTc-HYNIC-PSMA effective doses of patients were calculated using OLINDA/EXM 1.1 software. Whole-body SPECT/CT images were also acquired from additional 10 prostate patients to investigate the feasibility of 99mTc-HYNIC-PSMA for imaging tumors by calculating the ratio of tumor-to-background tracer uptake at 2 h after 740 MBq administration. The total-body absorbed dose was 1.54E-03 ± 2.43E-04 mGy/MBq, and the effective dose was 3.72E-03 ± 4.5E-04 mSv/MBq. Compared to published studies of other similar PSMA tracers and 99mTc-targeted conventional tracers, the absorbed doses of 99mTc-HYNIC-PSMA in all organs showed that it could be used safely in the human body. In addition, 99mTc-HYNIC-PSMA showed high tracer uptake (with a tumor-to-background ratio of 9.42 ± 2.62) in the malignant lesions of PCa patients, making it a promising radiopharmaceutical imaging method for site-specific management of PCa.
Highly sensitive label-free bio-interfacial colorimetric sensor based on silk fibroin-gold nanocomposite for facile detection of chlorpyrifos pesticide
Authors: Mane Pramod C. , Shinde Manish D. , Varma Sanjana , Chaudhari Bhushan P. , Fatehmulla Amanullah , Shahabuddin M. , Amalnerkar Dinesh P. , Aldhafiri Abdullah M. , Chaudhari Ravindra D.
Published: March 2020

Herein, the preparation of gold nanoparticles-silk fibroin (SF-AuNPs) dispersion and its label-free colorimetric detection of the organophosphate pesticide, namely chlorpyrifos, at ppb level are reported. The silk fibroin solution was extracted from B. mori silk after performing degumming, dissolving and dialysis steps. This fibroin solution was used for synthesis of gold nanoparticles in-situ without using any external reducing and capping agent. X-ray Diffractometry (XRD), Field Emission Transmission Electron Microscopy (FETEM) along with Surface Plasmon Resonance based optical evaluation confirmed generation of gold nanoparticles within SF matrix. The resultant SF-AuNPs dispersion exhibited rapid and excellent colorimetric pesticide sensing response even at 10 ppb concentration. Effect of additional parameters viz. pH, ionic concentration and interference from other pesticide samples was also studied. Notably, SF-AuNPs dispersion exhibited selective colorimetric pesticide sensing response which can be calibrated. Furthermore, this method was extended to various simulated real life samples such as tap water, soil and agricultural products including plant residues to successfully detect the presence of chlorpyrifos pesticide. The proposed colorimetric sensor system is facile yet effective and can be employed by novice rural population and expert researchers alike. It can be exploited as preliminary tool for label-free colorimetric chlorpyrifos pesticide sensing in water and agricultural products.
Author Correction: AMPK signaling in the nucleus accumbens core mediates cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking
Authors: Gao Xue-Jiao , Yuan Kai , Cao Lu , Yan Wei , Luo Yi-Xiao , Jian Min , Liu Jian-Feng , Fang Qin , Wang Ji-Shi , Han Ying , Shi Jie , Lu Lin
Published: March 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: A recombinant avian paramyxovirus serotype 3 expressing the hemagglutinin protein protects chickens against H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus challenge
Authors: Shirvani Edris , Varghese Berin P. , Paldurai Anandan , Samal Siba K.
Published: March 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Influence of intimacy for metal-mesoporous solid acids catalysts forn-alkanes hydro-conversion
Authors: Harmel Justine , van der Wal Lars I. , Zečević Jovana , de Jongh Petra E. , de Jong Krijn P.
Published: March 2020

Pt on both ordered mesoporous Al-SBA-15 and commercial amorphous mesoporous silica–alumina bi-functional catalysts were prepared and studied forn-heptane hydro-isomerization andn-hexadecane hydro-cracking.
Recent developments in nickel-catalyzed intermolecular dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes
Authors: Derosa Joseph , Apolinar Omar , Kang Taeho , Tran Van T. , Engle Keary M.
Published: March 2020

Nickel-catalyzed three-component alkene difunctionalization has rapidly emerged as a powerful tool for forging multiple C–C bonds in a single step.
Reforming of methane with carbon dioxide over cerium oxide promoted nickel nanoparticles deposited on 4-channel hollow fibers by atomic layer deposition
Authors: Jin Baitang , Shang Zeyu , Li Shiguang , Jiang Ying-Bing , Gu Xuehong , Liang Xinhua
Published: March 2020

CeO2 can significantly enhance the catalytic performance of Ni/Al2O3 catalysts prepared by atomic layer deposition for dry reforming of methane.
In-plate toxicometabolomics of single zebrafish embryos
Authors: Ribbenstedt Anton , Posselt Malte , Brunius Carl , Benskin Jonathan P.
Published: March 2020

A high-throughput toxicometabolomic assay involving single zebrafish embryos was developed which links apical endpoints to biochemical perturbations.
Synthesis of poly(bicyclohexyldimethylene terephthalate): effect of regioisomer ratios on physical properties
Authors: Thompson Tiffany N. , Coley Alexander S. , Schulz Michael D.
Published: March 2020

A series of novel polyesters was synthesized from dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) and various ratios of two regioisomers of bicyclohexyldimethanol (BCD), 4,4′-BCD and 3,4′-BCD.
Mechanistic basis for tuning iridium hydride photochemistry from H2 evolution to hydride transfer hydrodechlorination
Authors: Barrett Seth M. , Stratakes Bethany M. , Chambers Matthew B. , Kurtz Daniel A. , Pitman Catherine L. , Dempsey Jillian L. , Miller Alexander J. M.
Published: March 2020

The innate H2 evolution photochemistry of an iridium hydride complex is diverted towards photochemical hydrodechlorination of dichloromethane with high selectivity and quantum yield.
Possible molecular genetic mechanisms of resistance in populations of the Colorado potato beetle
Authors: Benkovskaya Galina
Published: March 2020

Expansion of the Colorado potato beetle (CPB) in the Eurasia is continuing. At the same time, there is an increase in the level of insecticide resistance in populations of CPB in Russia. Regular detection of individuals resistant to diagnostic doses of insecticides during the last 10 years shows an increase of their prevalence in local populations in Bashkortostan. Genetic base of insecticide resistance in the Colorado potato beetle populations contains both mutations in the genes of target receptors or membrane channels, as well as changes in expression of these and many other genes. Role of the diapause proteins capable to bind xenobiotics and withdraw them from metabolism is discussed.
Species of the genus Xanthomonas infecting cereals and oilseeds in the Russian Federation and its diagnostics
Authors: Kyrova Elena , Egorova Maria , Ignatov Alexander
Published: March 2020

Plant pathogenic bacteria of the genus Xanthomonas display high levels of genetic diversity and cause remarkable damage to about 400 plant species. In 2001–2008, a new group of strains of Xanthomonas arboricola has been found as pathogens on novel host plants such as wheat, rye, barley, tomato, sunflower, and brassicas in Russia. Physiological tests and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis confirmed their position within the Xanthomonas arboricola species. The obtained draft genome sequence of Xanthomonas arboricola strain 3004 from barley plants, also virulent to sunflower, brassicas, and chestnut, has demonstrated an evidence for the lateral gene transfer (LGT) of the virulence genes. It can be suggested that the virE and other genes of T4SS, obtained due to LGT, may contribute to the host range extension. Thus, T4SS genes can be used as the target for group-specific PCR analysis of this emerging pathogen of cereals and oilseeds. We propose to use virB3, virB4, and virB9 genes to design a detection system.
Biological effectiveness of polyfunctional biopreparations in soft wheat cultivation and assessment of crop quality based on NDVI index
Authors: Novikova Irina I. , Popova Elza V. , Kolesnikov Leonid E. , Priyatkin Nikolay S. , Kolesnikova Yulia R.
Published: March 2020

The influence of Bacillus subtilis strains and chitosan complexes on the soft wheat productivity and its infection with disease agents was determined in order to develop new preparative forms of polyfunctional biopreparations. The prospects of using polyfunctional preparations, combined the beneficial properties of microorganism strains as pathogen antagonists and chitosan as plant disease resistance activator has been shown the study. Their effectiveness has been convincingly demonstrated in protecting wheat from root rot, in increasing yields and improving grain quality Plants treated with complex preparation containing bacterial culture liquid (“Vitaplan, CL”) or its concentrate (“Vitaplan, CCL”) and Chitosan II had the best adaptive potential to agro-ecological environmental factors. At the same time, the «Vitaplan, CCL and Chitosan II» complex had the most pronounced protective properties. In the case of “Vitaplan, CL and Chitosan II» treatments, plants had the highest values of wheat potential (biological) yield. It was shown that the vegetative index NDVI, determined by the results of spectrometric analysis, can be used as an integral parameter of the biological effectiveness of polyfunctional biopreparations. The maximum value of NDVI was revealed in the case of “Vitaplan, CL and Chitosan II”
Impfungen gegen Infektionskrankheiten bei Multipler Sklerose
Authors: Zettl Uwe K.
Published: March 2020

Einen der größten Erfolge der modernen Medizin stellt die Entwicklung von Impfungen gegen Infektionserkrankungen dar. Dank der Immunisierung sind Ausbrüche von Infektionskrankheiten, die Millionen Menschen das Leben kosten, extrem selten geworden. Bei einer immunvermittelten Erkrankung wie der Multiplen Sklerose und erst recht unter einer immunmodulierenden Therapie (DMT, Disease modifying treatment) sind die Infektionsprophylaxe – und damit auch die Frage des Einsatzes von Impfungen gegen Infektionserkrankungen – von besonderer klinischer Bedeutung.
Imaging of Pancreatic Trauma—A Clinical Scenario-Based Approach
Authors: Hemachandran Naren , Gamanagatti Shivanand
Published: March 2020

Pancreatic injury, although uncommon in the setting of abdominal trauma, is associated with high morbidity and mortality. While the clinical signs are nonspecific, the imaging signs can be very subtle in the early stages leading to missed injuries that present later as complications. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) is the main workhorse and initial imaging modality in the setting of abdominal trauma, while magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography is used as a problem-solving tool in pancreatic trauma.

This article provides a review of the imaging of pancreatic trauma and has been organized into common clinical scenarios–Suspected pancreatic injury with normal-appearing pancreas on CT; definite pancreatic injury on CT, late presentation or complication in a patient with pancreatic injury. The role of the radiologist in each scenario is described as follows: to identify subtle secondary signs of injury and resort to MRI or a repeat imaging wherever necessary in a suspected pancreatic injury with normal-appearing pancreas on CT (Scenario 1); to look for primary/hard signs, grade the injury according to American Association of Surgery for Trauma Organ Injury Scale, and utilize MRI if necessary to ascertain the presence of ductal injury when a definite pancreatic injury is seen on CT (Scenario 2); and to diagnose various complications and help in the management of complications such as draining collections or vascular complications like pseudoaneurysms (Scenario 3).

Radiologists should be aware of the primary and secondary signs of pancreatic injury so as to enable prompt diagnosis and further management. Radiologists play an important role not only in the diagnosis of pancreatic injuries but also in the management of certain complications.
Innovative Surgical Approaches for Locally Advanced Hepatic Malignancy
Authors: Yu Young-Dong , Kim Dong-Sik
Published: March 2020

Primary and secondary liver tumors are among the most common tumors in humans. Liver resection and liver transplantation are used to treat these malignancies. However, in many patients with locally advanced malignancy, it is not possible to resect these tumors using conventional techniques due to their enormous size or complex location. Refinements of surgical techniques have led to great improvements in terms of postoperative outcome and long-term survival in the past decades. This review explores innovative technologies in liver surgery, including both resection and transplantation, and their potential role in treating locally advanced hepatic malignancy. A number of innovative surgical techniques such as associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for liver surgery (ALPPS), ex vivo resection, ante situm liver resection, liver resection using extracorporeal hepatic venous bypass, and resection and partial liver segment 2/3 transplantation with delayed total hepatectomy (RAPID) have been developed to overcome the barriers of conventional liver resection and may offer acceptable outcomes for well-selected patients with locally invasive tumors that are otherwise inoperable by conventional techniques.
Best choice of insulation gas medium for MMGS in fast linear transformer driver
Authors: Liu Xuandong , Liu Xianfei
Published: March 2020

Gas spark closing switch is one of the most important components for a fast linear transformer driver (FLTD). In this paper, we describe the investigation of insulation gas media for a multi-gap multi-channel gas spark closing switch. A six-gap gas switch with corona needles was tested in a typical FLTD brick with two capacitors of 40 nF and a load resistor of about 10 Ω. Corona discharge current, self-breakdown voltage distribution, and triggered breakdown performance were tested when the gas switch was filled with air, N2, CO2, SF6/N2, and C4F7N/N2. When C4F7N/N2 was applied, there was no abnormal breakdown with low voltage found in the whole test process; the trigger breakdown delay time and switch jitter were very stable, and no pre-fire was found during about 2000 triggered shots. Therefore, we think the C4F7N/N2 gas mixture with a very little amount of C4F7N can dramatically improve the switch performance. It is valuable and easy to realize the application of C4F7N/N2 mixture in large scale pulsed power facilities.
Memristor property of an amorphous Sn–Ga–O thin-film device deposited using mist chemical-vapor-deposition method
Authors: Takishita Yuta , Kobayashi Masaki , Hattori Kazuki , Matsuda Tokiyoshi , Sugisaki Sumio , Nakashima Yasuhiko , Kimura Mutsumi
Published: March 2020

A memristor property of an amorphous Sn–Ga–O (α-TGO) thin-film device deposited using a mist chemical-vapor-deposition (mist-CVD) method has been found. The α-TGO device can be manufactured at a low cost because it does not include rare metals such as In. Moreover, it is expected that the α-TGO device can be manufactured at an even lower cost because the mist-CVD method is performed at atmospheric pressure. Here, the α-TGO layer was deposited using a hot-wall-type mist-CVD method. The hysteresis curve of the memristor characteristic was certainly obtained, and the electric resistances for the high- and low-resistance states were stably repeated at least 20 times. Although the switching ratio and repeatability are not sufficient in the case that it is applied to resistive random access memories, they are acceptable for some applications such as synapse elements in neuromorphic systems.
Engaging with professional organizations
Authors: Byrnes Heidi
Published: March 2020

In this article I argue that contributing to professional
organizations is a particularly beneficial way of finding personal and
professional enrichment and opportunities for creative and meaningful
engagement toward addressing language-related societal issues. Such an
engagement can continue to shape, often in unexpected but deeply rewarding
ways, one’s identity in applied linguistics over an entire professional
career. I exemplify this position by tracing my own involvement with five
professional organizations, in each case asking three interwoven questions:
What were the language-focused societal – the ‘real world’ – issues as I
perceived them at the time when I was most deeply involved with them? What
focused projects and opportunities for enlarging my understanding of the
field presented themselves? And what were the long-term lessons that I took
away from the experience?
Voice therapy in paediatric dysphonia
Authors: Gambalonga Mattia , Brotto Davide , Favaretto Niccolò
Published: March 2020

Objective:

To review the literature about the current available methods for voice therapy in pediatric patients affected by dysphonia.

Methods:

All available articles published in pubmed concerning voice therapy in pediatric dysphonia were considered. Articles not available in English were excluded.

Results:

Dysphonia is an extremely common voice disorder in paediatric population, involving up to around 20% of children from 7 to 16 years old. The causes of dysphonia are extremely different, from neurologic disorders to rare syndromic pathologies. Above all, phonotrauma is considered the most common cause of dysphonia, frequently determining the presence of benign lesions of the vocal cords, the nodules. The treatment can be medical, surgical or rehabilitative, but voice therapy is crucial regardless of the chosen approach. All authors highlight the crucial role of voice therapy in order to enhance positive vocal habits and establish correct vocal motor patterns. The role of family and school teachers is extremely important in the rehabilitation in order to limit the progression of the dysphonia or even treat it.

Conclusion:

Multiple voice therapy methods are available in the literature, but an organic analysis of these methods is still lacking. The present review takes into account the voice therapy methods detected in the literature highlighting the relative advantages and disadvantages of each of them.
Nation-wide estimation of groundwater redox conditions and nitrate concentrations through machine learning
Authors: Knoll Lukas , Breuer Lutz , Bach Martin
Published: March 2020

The protection of water resources and development of mitigation strategies require large-scale information on water pollution such as nitrate. Machine learning techniques like random forest (RF) have proven their worth for estimating groundwater quality based on spatial environmental predictors. We investigate the potential of RF and quantile random forest (QRF) to estimate redox conditions and nitrate concentration in groundwater (1 km × 1 km resolution) using the European Water Framework Directive groundwater monitoring network as well as spatial environmental information available throughout Germany. The RF model for nitrate achieves a good predictive performance with an R2 of 0.52. Dominant predictors are the redox conditions in the groundwater body, hydrogeological units and the percentage of arable land. An uncertainty assessment using QRF shows rather large uncertainties with a mean prediction interval (MPI) of 53.0 mg l−1. This study represents the first nation-wide data-driven assessment of the spatial distribution of groundwater nitrate concentrations for Germany.
Effect of steel fiber on the shear transfer strength across a crack in reactive powder concrete
Authors: Abdulkhudhur Raad , Al-Quraishi Hussein , Abdullah Oday H.
Published: March 2020

In structural concrete members that have geometrical discontinuities, the type of failure is called direct shear failure when there is no; the same member may change its response when the load arrangement is changed. This kind of failure is related to the cracks along the plane where the loaded member slides along the stationary support system and cracks are perpendicular to the axis of the member. Numerical analysis on push-off specimens were conducted in this study to investigate the shear strength in reactive powder concrete, which has cementitious compositions. The validation of the material and geometrical model to check the efficiency of the constitutive model to simulate the behavior of shear strength of RPC was achieved through comparison with the experimental result of previous work. The effects of volume fraction, aspect ratio, shape of steel fibers on the shear strength were considered to be the variables of the study. The data analyzed showed that the increase in volume fraction of steel fiber from 0% to 0.5% resulted in an increase in the shear strength of RPC by 40.3%, while, an increase in the volume fraction of steel fiber from 0% to 1.5% increased the shear strength of RPC by 140.3%. Using hook ended steel fiber increased the shear strength of RPC by 62.5%. Furthermore, the shear strength of RPC increased by 49.8% when the aspect ratio increased from 75 to 100. The stiffness and ductility of RPC members increased when the volume fraction, aspect ratio increased and provided shape of steel fiber.