bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
walter, georg y dora: la infancia bajo la mirada atenta de los hermanos benjamin
Authors: Pereira Rita Ribes
Published: November 2022

The following text introduces the story of the siblings Walter, Georg and Dora Benjamin, who understood childhood as a topic of interest, training, performance and theoretical production. Walter sees childhood as a philosophical perspective for a critique of culture, sensitive to children's actions and language; Georg, as a pediatrician, school doctor and deputy, takes childhood as a health emergency for the formulation of public policies; and Dora weaves a strong sociological analysis of the binomial women/children crossed by the work relations transferred from the textile industry to the domestic environment. These are just a few nuances of the Benjamin siblings' multifaceted relationship with the theme of childhood. Born at the end of 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, they lived through the oscillation of German politics and economy, the hardships of the First World War, the rise and consolidation of Nazism which forced them, due to their Jewish origins and intellectual condition, to undergo displacement, imprisonment, illness and death. A significant part of Walter's production was saved when he deposited his writings in libraries or sent copies to friends. Georg and Dora, who were more closely linked to the communist party, did not achieve the same success, and most of their vast production was destroyed in the book bonfires perpetrated by the Nazis. This has resulted in a silencing of their history and their vast intellectual production, which is now considered visionary–a silence that denounces the policies of exception dedicated to history's erasure.
DESAFIOS DOS ANOS INICIAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL NO ENSINO REMOTO: EXPERIÊNCIAS EDUCATIVAS MEDIADAS POR TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS
Authors: Faria Denilda Caetano , Neves Francisca Antônia Dos Santos , Gonçalves Lorena Morganna , Damasceno Fernanda Franco
Published: November 2022

O distanciamento e o isolamento social impostos pelo Coronavírus, fizeram com que mudanças em diversos aspectos e na Educação fossem necessárias e urgentes. Na Educação, a principal mudança foi a transição do ensino presencial para o ensino remoto. O estudo em questão teve como objetivo, compreender os desafios da alfabetização mediada por tecnologias entre os professores e os estudantes no ensino remoto, revelar os resultados de uma revisão sistemática de literatura em que são apresentados trabalhos científicos, que tratam dos desafios do ensino remoto no ensino fundamental I , no contexto da pandemia, pelos professores de diferentes instituições brasileiras e, por fim, as  experiências pessoais das professoras autoras deste estudo em suas  práticas educativas, mediadas pelas tecnologias digitais, no âmbito das escolas. Os dados foram coletados por meio da base de dados do Google Acadêmico e em relato de experiências das professoras pesquisadoras. Os resultados do estudo evidenciaram que a integração das ferramentas tecnológicas, no ensino aprendizagem, promove novos desafios a serem superados pelos docentes. Contudo, há de se reconhecer os esforços dos educadores em mediar a produção do conhecimento nas salas de aulas do ensino remoto. Entretanto, se faz necessário uma formação com capacitações que promovam novas possibilidades de ensinar e aprender com o suporte das tecnologias digitais. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:
GAME COMENIUS E OFICINAS DE LUDOLETRAMENTO: JOGOS DIGITAIS NA FORMAÇÃO DE ESTUDANTES DE PEDAGOGIA NO ENSINO REMOTO EMERGENCIAL
Authors: Pinheiro Lucas Souza , Cruz Dulce Marcia
Published: November 2022

O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi o de investigar a contribuição dos jogos digitais, em especial o Game Comenius - Módulo 2, para a reflexão sobre o planejamento didático com mídias, durante a formação inicial de estudantes de Pedagogia da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, no primeiro semestre do ensino remoto emergencial, em 2020. A base teórica selecionada teve como principais conceitos mídia-educação, letramento digital e midiático, jogos, aprendizagem baseada em jogos digitais e ludoletramento. Foram investigadas as atividades de formação com o protótipo digital do Game Comenius - Módulo 2, que tem como proposta ampliar o repertório e o uso crítico das mídias na formação inicial ou continuada de professores e estudantes de licenciatura. A pesquisa é qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva. Os dados foram produzidos em três instrumentos digitais (formulários de Perfil Midiático, de Análise e Avaliação do Protótipo e postagens dentro do Fórum de Aprendizagem do Moodle), durante as oficinas de formação inicial, online, com 52 estudantes de duas turmas da disciplina de Comunicação e Educação, do curso de Pedagogia, da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, no semestre letivo de 2020-1. Os principais resultados mostraram que a maioria não costuma jogar e não utiliza jogos no dia a dia como docente ou estudante, mas 80% perceberam a importância da discussão sobre mídias e acharam necessárias formações iniciais e continuadas com a temática. A maioria declarou que o Game Comenius permitiu ampliar seu repertório de mídias em sala de aula e seus conhecimentos sobre planejamento didático.
O ENSINO REMOTO NO CONTEXTO DE PANDEMIA COMO EXPERIÊNCIA FORMADORA NO CURSO DE HISTÓRIA NA UFT (ARAGUAÍNA-TO)
Authors: Sá Giovanna Queiroz Carvalho de , Venâncio Sariza Oliveira Caetano
Published: November 2022

Esse artigo busca analisar como se deu o ensino remoto dentro da Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), campus de Araguaína durante a pandemia do Coronavírus (Covid-19). Lançamos mão da análise documental, para traçar os caminhos percorridos pela universidade sobre o retorno das aulas de forma remota e seus desafios, e da História Oral para entender a experiência vivida por estudantes de História em vias de conclusão do curso. Para a análise dos dados, partimos do conceito de experiências formadoras proposto por Marie Christine Josso (2004; 2007) para compreender as experiências desses discentes concluintes, seus redesenhos de pesquisas, de projetos, de metodologias e de sonhos.
O ideal do “Eu branco” e as memórias germinadas no quilombo de São José da Serra: uma análise da memória nacional e a constituição psíquica da pessoa negra
Authors: Rocha Marcela De Souza , Farias Francisco Ramos de
Published: November 2022

O presente artigo analisa as produções de uma memória nacional, suas implicações histórias e contribuições para a constituição psíquica de um Ideal do Eu branco na pessoa negra. Para compor esse estudo, foram analisadas as narrativas de Chimamanda Adichie, escritora nigeriana e Antônio Nascimento Fernandes, membro da comunidade do Quilombo São José da Serra (RJ). Através de uma perspectiva de um passado vivo que fecunda o presente, questionamos a afirmação de Walter Benjamin, sobre a vitória constante de um inimigo. Conclui-se que resistências negras sempre estiveram presentes no campo social e político, sendo suas memórias germinadas no presente e futuro, o que impossibilita o decreto determinista de um vencedor.
O “Pão Espiritual dos Soldados” e os Relatórios Confidenciais do Serviço Postal da Força Expedicionária Brasileira (1944-1945)
Authors: Moreira Florence Alencar , Pereira Fabio Da Silva , Dias Claudia Cristina de Mesquita Garcia
Published: November 2022

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo apresentar a estrutura governamental da censura no Serviço Postal da Força Expedicionária Brasileira (SPFEB) no Rio de Janeiro, em fins da Segunda Guerra Mundial (1939-1945) e do Estado Novo (1937-1945). A problemática envolve a análise do teor das cartas escritas aos combatentes e sua repercussão na sociedade da época, sobretudo por representarem um impacto no moral dos militares expedicionários da FEB. Para o referencial teórico, nos embasamos em estudos sobre a Força Expedicionária Brasileira, sobre a censura aplicada pelo Departamento de Imprensa e Propaganda por meio da Escola de Censores e sobre a história das mentalidades naquele período. No tocante ao amparo metodológico, foram analisados de forma qualitativa, embasados por instruções de como utilizar as cartas como fontes históricas, os relatórios sobre as correspondências censuradas pelo SPFEB. Os resultados apontam uma nova percepção sobre a estruturação de um serviço postal que, à época, foi efetivo em sua missão – transmitindo as mensagens da vida privada e elevando o moral do combatente, ainda que estivessem no caótico cenário da guerra total.
A participação do Brasil na Segunda Guerra Mundial (1942-1945): alguns apontamentos
Authors: Fidelis Thiago
Published: November 2022

O artigo tem como principal objetivo apontar e analisar as principais causas que levaram Getúlio Vargas, sob a égide do período ditatorial do Estado Novo, participar ativamente da Segunda Guerra Mundial ao lado do grupo conhecido como Aliados, com países cuja maioria possuía como modelo de governo a democracia liberal, estrutura política intensamente criticada pelo mandatário brasileiro no período. Em linhas gerais, o texto faz uma rápida contextualização do conflito em si e do Brasil nesse período, indicando que as principais motivações para esse fato estão ligadas às questões econômicas e de relações internacionais, uma vez que Vargas preferiu manter contato com os EUA para garantir mais investimentos para suas ações do que com a Alemanha ou outros países do Eixo.
Plantai para a vitória: a atuação do Ministério da Agricultura e seus técnicos durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial (1939-1945)
Authors: Da Cunha Rocha Carolina
Published: November 2022

O artigo analisa a gestão do Ministério da Agricultura (MA) e de seus técnicos durante o Estado Novo e a Segunda Guerra Mundial, períodos que atuaram como intervenientes diretos no crescente peso da ciência e da técnica na gestão das políticas para o campo, tornando-se elementos fundamentais para as reformas do órgão no período compreendido entre 1939 e 1945. Apoiando-se na análise dos relatórios anuais do MA, nos boletins informativos do órgão, assim como no material produzido pelo Serviço de Informação Agrícola (SIA) e também pela Revista do Serviço Público (RSP), foi possível identificar que neste período se consolidou no Brasil uma administração agrária baseada em uma burocracia técnica especializada no estudo dos problemas rurais, na elaboração de projetos voltados à modernização rural, bem como ao controle e reforma da sociedade e da economia nacional. Elementos que revelaram a íntima ligação entre a elaboração e implementação de políticas agrárias nacionais acompanhadas pela intervenção da ciência na produção agrícola.
RETALHOS ALINHAVADOS NO PERCURSO DE VIDA E FORMAÇÃO E AS IMPLICAÇÕES NA IDENTIDADE DE UMA PROFESSORA QUE FORMA PROFESSORES/AS
Authors: Rego Flaviane Coutinho Neves Americano , Da Fontoura Helena Amaral
Published: November 2022

A entrevista é um diálogo que se propõe a abordar a temática da Formação de Professores/as no Brasil, mas especificamente no espaço formativo da Faculdade de Formação de Professores da UERJ em São Gonçalo e as implicações no fazer docente, alicerçada na reconstrução e ressignificação dos retalhos alinhavados ao longo do percurso de vida e formação da Professora Doutora Helena Amaral da Fontoura que há 53 anos tem se dedicado a formar não só professores/as, mas pessoas, compreendendo a multidimensionalidade e a complexidade dos processos formativos e do papel docente. Professora Helena tem grande experiência na área de Educação, com destaque na Formação de Professores/as, atuando especialmente nas temáticas de inserção profissional docente, estágio supervisionado, estudo de egressos e pesquisa qualitativa. Entende a experiência à luz de Josso (2010) e do eu que desabrocha mediante o movimento de reflexão crítica que possibilita ao sujeito descoser fios do passado e tecer laços futuros da sua existência humana. A metodologia da entrevista foi pautada na pesquisa narrativa que constitui uma relação afetiva com a formação. Desta forma, foi possível repensar a trajetória de vida e formação, a reflexão das práticas e atuação docente em um movimento de transformação que foram entrelaçadas nas dimensões sensíveis, afetivas e conscienciais do ser sujeito formador/a.
‘VER’, ‘OUVIR’ E ‘ESCREVER’ SENTIDOS: O PROGRAMA DA RESIDÊNCIA PEDAGÓGICA NO ENSINO DE SOCIOLOGIA DA UFF/CAMPOS
Authors: Paiva Andréa Lúcia Da Silva de
Published: November 2022

Este artigo visa descrever a Residência Pedagógica, sob o olhar da Antropologia da Educação, realizada pelo núcleo de Sociologia, em Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ. Utilizaremos como metodologia a observação participante no período de 2018-2019. O trabalho centra em dois grupos de jovens estudantes nas escolas-campo: os residentes e os discentes do Ensino Médio. Pretendemos apresentar a organização e as práticas do Programa Residência Pedagógica a fim de descrever momentos de interações e conflitos de duas juventudes estudantis diante de um quadro político e religioso. Estas questões permearam os desafios na construção do núcleo, na formação dos docentes e impactaram o ensino de Sociologia suscitando reflexões: como é possível trazer as juventudes para a construção de projetos pedagógicos? Por que e como as memórias discentes podem contribuir para as práticas e formação docentes? Como pensar sobre os sentidos do ensino de Sociologia para juventudes através do ver, ouvir e escrever antropológico?
CULTURA E BARBÁRIE EM 2666: AS ANTÍTESES DO TEMPO EM ROBERTO BOLAÑO
Authors: Oliveira Eduardo
Published: November 2022

Este artigo concentra-se em explorar as relações entre a cultura e a barbárie a partir do romance 2666, do escritor chileno Roberto Bolaño, publicado postumamente em 2004. A obra, composta por cinco capítulos assíncronos, combina diferentes estilos narrativos e desdobra-se na chave de uma inspiração modernista. Fornece um quadro multifacetado da cultura ocidental no século XX, através do qual o escritor lança as antíteses do político, do racional e do ético. Na prosa de Bolaño, a racionalidade é confrontada por disputas que vão até o limite da barbárie, o que indica a hipótese de 2666 como uma versão benjaminiana da cultura como destruição. O objetivo deste trabalho é, através de uma análise da obra, observar as relações entre a cultura e a barbárie a partir de dois eixos: o da posição do conhecimento e o da vulnerabilização da vida.
PANORAMA DE INDICADORES SOBRE AS MULHERES COM DEFICIÊNCIA NO MERCADO DE TRABALHO
Authors: Botelho Luanda Chaves
Published: November 2022

Com o reconhecimento e a regulamentação do direito ao trabalho das pessoas com deficiência, o tema veio ganhando espaço na academia. Contudo, sem ênfase sobre a situação das mulheres. O objetivo deste artigo, parte de estudo mais amplo sobre os determinantes e obstáculos à inclusão de mulheres com deficiência no mercado de trabalho no Brasil, é contribuir para a redução dessa lacuna de informações. Neste artigo, após breve revisão de literatura sobre a concepção da pessoa com deficiência a partir do modelo social e do aporte da crítica feminista à formulação do modelo, são destacadas estatísticas descritivas que apontam desvantagens das mulheres com deficiência em relação às sem deficiência e aos homens no mercado de trabalho. Os dados provêm da edição mais recente da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) e propiciam indicadores como taxa de participação na força de trabalho e de desocupação, entre outros.
Game-Based Learning in Higher Education: The Pedagogical Effect of Genially Games in English as a Foreign Language Instruction
Authors: Cabrera-Solano Paola
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to analyze the effect of game-based learning (GBL) through the use of Genially in English as a foreign language (EFL) online instruction. The participants were 61 EFL undergraduate students, who were distributed into an experimental group (32 students), and a control group (29 students). Their ages ranged from 22 to 56 years old, and their English proficiency level was B1, according to the Common European Framework of References (CEFR). The students were enrolled in two pre-intermediate courses that are part of an EFL Teaching program at a private university in southern Ecuador. The courses were delivered in an online remote learning environment due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study followed a quasi-experimental approach and it took place over a sixteen-week period. The instruments included a diagnostic survey, a pre-test, a post-test, a students’ perceptions survey, and a semi-structured interview. The main findings revealed that Genially games have the potential to enhance EFL learners’ academic performance in online instruction, particularly in aspects related to students’ knowledge of grammar and vocabulary in context. Besides, it was found that according to students’ perceptions, the implementation of games based on their real learning needs increases their motivation, especially when feedback is effectively provided.  
Quality of Music Education in Croatian Music Schools: Students' Attitudes
Authors: Svalina Vesna , Šimunović Zrinka
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how higher secondary music school students experience teaching, programs, and educational processes in music schools, which are the shortcomings and what are the suggestions for improving the system. The results show high satisfaction with attending music school related to the purpose of future professional orientation. Students see improvements in choosing more modern teaching topics, greater connection with practice, more time for student creativity, and work on improving teachers’ pedagogical skills. The results of this research could be used to accelerate the introduction of curriculum teaching and the National Curriculum for Art Education as a relevant document in music schools in the Republic of Croatia. Also, regardless of the inertia of the educational system, teachers can plan their teaching according to these results that will reconcile their ideas, methodological and didactic laws, and student expectations to contribute to greater motivation of their students.
Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase (BTK)-Inhibitors in Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Choudhury Amarendranath , Bhattacharjee Rudrarup
Published: November 2022

While continuous global efforts are directed towards finding a conclusive medication for cancer treatment, any gold standard drug product or process is yet to be achieved. Although, many promising compounds were identified over the years to fight cancer progression, most of them still remain restricted within clinical trial phases. Among several identified pathways for modulating cancer progression, Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) pathway inhibition has shown a greater potential. BTK regulates various aspects of B-cell lineages including proliferation, activation, differentiation, and survival. BTK is also responsible for multiple cellular signaling pathways, of which, FcR signaling cascade and B- cell receptor signaling are notable. Interestingly, BTK expression was reported to be excessively high in all the areas where B-cell mediated malignancies occur. Vivid involvement of BTK in several autoimmune diseases also rationally support the realization that BTK inhibition could be a conclusive therapeutic approach for cancer. In this short communication, we discuss the potential of BTK inhibitors in cancer therapeutics, considering the most recent literature.
Ultra-Structure of the Leaf Surfaces of the Family Bignoniaceae Juss. in Nigeria
Authors: Ugbabe G.E. , Ayodele A.E. , Kalpana S.J. , Okogun J.I.
Published: November 2022

The leaf surfaces of the Nigerian Bignoniaceae were studied using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The species in this study were: Crescentia cujete Linn. Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don., Kigelia africana (Lam) Benth. Markhamia tomentosa (Benth) K. Schum., Newbuldia laevis (P. Beauv.) Seemann ex Bureau. Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. Stereospermum acuminatissimum K. Schum. Stereospermum kunthianum Cham. Tabebuia rosea (Berthol) D. C. Tecoma stans (Linn) H, B &K. and Tecoma capensis. The study was conducted using anatomical characters to identify and delimit the Nigerian taxa at the tribal level. Stomata were observed on the abaxial surfaces of all the species studied. Sunken stomata were found in K. africana while the others had raised stomata. Peltate trichomes were found on some species like the abaxial surfaces of C. cujete, J. mimosifolia, M. tomentosa, N. laevis T. stans and T. rosea and on the adaxial surfaces of C. cujete, M. tomentosa, N. laevis, S.acuminatissimum and T. rosea. M. tomentosa had both glandular and non-glandular trichomes on the abaxial surface while T. capensis had only non-glandular trichome on the adaxial surface. The non-glandular trichomes of M. tomentosa were long and with blunt tip while those of T. capensis were short and with pointed tips. Striae were found on the abaxial surfaces of J. mimosifolia and T. stans and on both the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of T. capensis. The genera Tabebuia and Tecoma are suggested to be retained in the tribe Tecomeae based on striations on their epidermal cells. While other members be assigned to a new tribe ‘Spathodeae’.
Drying Schedule and Effect of Seasoning on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Three Available Timber Species in Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Rabiul , Islam Azharul , Feroz S. M. , Nasrin Shamima , Biswas Tanay , Rahman Khandkar-Siddikur , Khushi Lulu Rayhan
Published: November 2022

Drying schedules for seasoning of Gmelina arborea (Gamar), Swietenia macrophylla (Mahagony) and Mangifera indica (Mango) timber with minimum drying defects were developed. The effects of the drying on physical and mechanical properties of timber of these species were studied. New drying schedules for these three species were compared with an accelerated drying schedule. Physical properties i.e., density, water absorption and thickness swelling, as well as mechanical properties i.e., modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR) of the wood of these species seasoned by new drying schedules and accelerated drying schedule were tested. Lower water absorption and thickness swelling were found for G. arborea, S. macrophylla and M. indica wood dried with new drying schedules of A, B and C respectively. MOE and MOR of wood of G. arborea, S. macrophylla and M. indica were significantly higher when seasoned with new drying schedules compared to those of green wood, and seasoned with accelerated drying schedule. Though seasoning was slower by using new drying schedules compared to accelerated drying schedule, the former resulted in no drying defects.
A Primary Study: Investigation of the In vitro Salt Stress Effects on Development in Thymus Cilicicus Boiss. & Bal
Authors: Agar Hacer , Galatali Selin , Ozkaya Damla Ekin , Kaya Ergun
Published: November 2022

Since plants are soil-dependent organisms, they are directly exposed to biotic and abiotic stress factors. Of these factors, salinity has a direct effect on the growth and development of plants, and salinity at increasing rates can be critical for the viability of plant species. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of increasing in vitro salinity on the growth of endemic Thymus cilicicus Boiss. & Bal.. In this context, it has been observed that increasing concentrations of salinity suppress growth, and this study is a preliminary study to investigate the effects of salinity stress at the molecular level in the future.
Intermediate Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Can Play a Role in Pulmonary Exacerbation?
Authors: Annunziata Anna , Coppola Antonietta , Coni Pierpaolo , Fiorentino Giuseppe
Published: November 2022

Background: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is generally suspected in young patients with pulmonary emphysema or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Patients often suffer from diagnostic delays or are misdiagnosed, for example, with COPD, asthma, or airway hyperresponsiveness because of the nonspecific nature of respiratory symptoms recognised with Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD). These pathologies develop in homozygous patients (both compromised alleles) with severely deficient protein; however, they are also frequently observed in heterozygous patients (only one compromised allele) for the gene mutation with a more or less deficient protein and functional anatomical damage of varying severity depending on the type of mutation and the exposure to environmental risk factors and/or professional that can trigger the repeated injurious inflammatory process. Case Description: We describe two cases of late diagnosis of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, with many exacerbations and intermediate level of alpha-1 antitrypsin. Due to the peculiar clinical history, and the PLowell rare mutation, although intermediate AATD, the patients were subjected to replacement therapy and they obtained clinical improvement. Discussion: Both the cases carried a heterozygous PLowell mutation representing two interesting and rare examples of clinical cases with double heterozygosity. The presence in the other AAT allele of the S-mutation in the first case and a concomitant presence of another mutation in the cystic fibrosis gene in the second case contributed to the protease-antiprotease imbalance and, despite intermediate AATD, was the probable cause of the numerous exacerbations. Conclusion: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency should always be suspected in patients with respiratory disease and an unclear or complex clinical history. It may be useful to recognize and evaluate treatment even outside the established parameters, in selected cases.
The Cancer Burden and Patient Management at the Radiotherapy Department of Mulago Hospital, Uganda
Authors: Milly Buwenge , Zeridah Muyinda , Gonzaga Mubuuke Aloysius
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Cancer is still a world health concern. In developing countries like Uganda, cancer is one of the major health problems that are increasing due to increased life expectancy and the pandemic of HIV/AIDS. Objective: To establish the incidence of different cancers among patients presenting at the Radiotherapy department of Mulago Hospital, Uganda. Methods: It was a retrospective study in which 2253 medical records of biopsy proven cancer patients who were accrued between January 2007 to December 2008 were retrieved and reviewed. Results: Of all cancers reported for females, cervical carcinoma was the most frequent seen with 43.6% of cases, followed by breast cancer seen in 21% of cases. Prostate cancer was the most frequent in males seen in 39.7% of cases. Conclusion: There is an increase in the number of cancer patients in Uganda. There has been a similar increase in mortality rates owing to the limited resources to curb the morbidity of the disease. Developing more radiotherapy centres to handle the increasing number of patients is highly recommended.
The EYESI Simulator for Training Ophthalmology Residents
Authors: Katibeh M , Eskandari A , Mirzaei M , Javadi MA
Published: November 2022

Purpose: To assess various aspects of integrating a virtual reality (VR) simulator in training ophthalmology residents. Methods: Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were employed in this study and some aspects of the VR EYESI simulator as a health technology and training method were assessed. Data was collected by a multiple-choice questionnaire that was filled by 19 novice residents and 4 fellowship candidates who were training at the ophthalmology department of Shahid Beheshti Medical University. In addition, six deep interviews were performed with the stakeholders and instructors of simulator training program at Labbafinejad Medical Center, Iran. Main outcome measurements were face and content validity as a score out of 100. Results: The ophthalmology residents gave a mean and standard deviation score of 71.36± 14.98 for face validity and 70.00± 18.95 for content validity and the fellowship candidates gave face and content score validity of 50.00±22.36 and 71.58%±22.66%, respectively. Residency instructors and authorities believed that the VR EYESI simulator reduces the time and improves the quality of training. They also stated that residents who were trained with the simulator were adequately prepared for entering the operating theatre and showed better eye-hand coordination and harmonization. All stakeholders strongly believed that simulation is a necessary method of education. Conclusion: The EYESI simulator is a virtual reality medium that enjoys acceptable face and content validity. It is also an effective method of training since it decreased the time and improved the quality of training.
A New Educational Program could Reduce Disability and Improve Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Tavafian Sedigheh Sadat , Jamshidi Ahmad Reza , Mohammad Kazem
Published: November 2022

This randomized clinical trial examined the efficacy of a designed educational program versus oral drug treatment in Iran. A total of 197 patients with chronic low back pain were randomized into either intervention group (n = 97) receiving a five 2 hour– session educational program followed by continued monthly booster sessions and telephone counseling plus medication or to control group (n = 100) receiving just medication. At baseline and 3 months of follow up, participants completed demographic characteristic questionnaires as well as three other questionnaires including Short – form General Health Survey (SF-36 item), Quebec Disability Scale (QDS) and Ronald – Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ). Data were analyzed by SPSS 18. The two groups were comparable at baseline in terms of all baseline characteristics and the mean scores of the scales. However, after three months, the intervention group was significantly different from control group in all subscales of SF-36, QDS and RDQ (P values < 0.05). Furthermore, this study showed a statistically significant difference between two groups (P< 0.05) in terms of mean difference scores for SF -36, RDQ and QDS over time. The findings revealed that the designed educational program could improve all quality of life domains and reduce disability in chronic low back pain patients during a period of 3 months.
The Effect of COVID on Child Maltreatment: A Review
Authors: Rokach Ami , Chan Sybil
Published: November 2022

This article addresses child maltreatment during the period where COVID-19 entered our lives in 2020. Repeated lockdowns kept children at home, away from school, from their support systems, and from their daily routines. Parents have also been plagued by the economic challenges associated with remote living. This not only places additional stress on the quality of their livelihoods but also, renders their caregiving duties as exceedingly onerous. This article explores the reasons that ACEs increased during that time, and highlights what can parents, teachers, and the educational system do about it.
Transmission of 4096-QAM OFDM at D-band
Authors: zhao Li , Wang Kaihui , Zhou Wen
Published: November 2022

We experimentally demonstrate the transmission of multi-order quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) millimeter wave signals at D-band. Meanwhile, the system nonlinearity analysis is also given, which is originated from the unsatisfactory optoelectronic devices, multi-order QAM and the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of OFDM signal. To alleviate the system nonlinearity, Volterra nonlinearity compensation (VNC) is adopted. Probabilistic shaping (PS) has been regarded as an effective approach to ensure the system robustness. By using the technologies of probabilistic shaping and Volterra nonlinearity compensation, 57.21-Gbit/s 4096-QAM OFDM signal at 117 GHz can be delivered over 13.42-m wireless distance in our experiment, achieving the normalized general mutual information (NGMI) threshold of 0.83 with 25% soft-decision forward-error correction (SD-FEC) overhead. In addition, we simulated the D-band millimeter wave simulation system in VPI software. The NGMI performance between conventional and discrete Fourier transform-spread (DFT-S) 16-QAM OFDM has been compared in simulation at the same optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR). The case of conventional 16-QAM OFDM has better performance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of transmission of multi-order QAM OFDM millimeter wave signal at D-band using PS and VNC methods.
Absolute frequency measurement of the 6s21S0 → 6s6p3P1F = 3/2 → F′ = 5/2 201Hg transition with background-free saturation spectroscopy
Authors: Linek Adam , Morzyński Piotr , Witkowski Marcin
Published: November 2022

We report the development of a method for eliminating background-induced systematic shifts affecting precise measurements of saturation absorption signals. With this technique, we measured the absolute frequency of the 6s2 1S0 → 6s6p 3P1 transition in 201aHg (F = 3/2 → F′ = 5/2) to be 1181541111051(83) kHz. The measurement was referenced with an optical frequency comb synchronized to the frequency of the local representation of the UTC. This specific atomic line is situated on the steep slope of the Doppler background at room temperature, which results in a frequency systematic shift. We determined the dependence of this shift on the properties of both the spectral line and the background of the measured signal.
Scattering correcting wavefront shaping for three-photon microscopy
Authors: Rauer Bernhard , de Aguiar Hilton B. , Bourdieu Laurent , Gigan Sylvain
Published: November 2022

Three-photon (3P) microscopy is getting traction due to its superior performance in deep tissues. Yet, aberrations and light scattering still pose one of the main limitations in the attainable depth ranges for high-resolution imaging. Here, we show scattering correcting wavefront shaping with a simple continuous optimization algorithm, guided by the integrated 3P fluorescence signal. We demonstrate focusing and imaging behind scattering layers and investigate convergence trajectories for different sample geometries and feedback non-linearities. Furthermore, we show imaging through a mouse skull and demonstrate a novel, to the best of our knowledge, fast phase estimation scheme that substantially increases the speed at which the optimal correction can be found.
Structure-embedding network for predicting the transmission spectrum of a multilayer deep etched grating
Authors: Liu Pan , Zhao Yongqiang , Kong Seong G. , Tang Chaolong
Published: November 2022

This Letter presents a structure-embedding network (SEmNet) to predict the transmission spectrum of a multilayer deep etched grating (MDEG). Spectral prediction is an important procedure in the MDEG design process. Existing approaches based on deep neural networks have been applied to spectral prediction to improve the design efficiency of similar devices, such as nanoparticles and metasurfaces. Due to a dimensionality mismatch between a structure parameter vector and the transmission spectrum vector, however, the prediction accuracy decreases. The proposed SEmNet can overcome the dimensionality mismatch problem of deep neural networks to increase the accuracy of predicting the transmission spectrum of an MDEG. SEmNet consists of a structure-embedding module and a deep neural network. The structure-embedding module increases the dimensionality of the structure parameter vector with a learnable matrix. The augmented structure parameter vector then becomes the input to the deep neural network to predict the transmission spectrum of the MDEG. Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed SEmNet improves the prediction accuracy of the transmission spectrum in comparison with the state-of-the-art approaches.
Dynamic control of the mode-locked fiber laser using a GO/PS modulator
Authors: Dai Tengfei , Chang Jianhua , Zhang Xiaoying , Deng Zhiliang , Su Youpeng , Liu Xiang , Hao Liyun , Ni Haibin , Sun Jun
Published: November 2022

This Letter proposes a novel, to the best of our knowledge, transistor-like optical fiber modulator composed of graphene oxide (GO) and polystyrene (PS) microspheres. Unlike previously proposed schemes based on waveguides or cavity enhancement, the proposed method can directly enhance the photoelectric interaction with the PS microspheres to form a light local field. The designed modulator exhibits a distinct optical transmission change (62.8%), with a power consumption of <10 nW. Such low power consumption enables electrically controllable fiber lasers to be switched in various operational regimes, including continuous wave (CW), Q switched mode-locked (QML), and mode-locked (ML). With this all-fiber modulator, the pulse width of the mode-locked signal can be compressed to 12.9 ps, and the corresponding repetition rate is 21.4 MHz.
Frequency locking and alternation of topological indices of vortex laser solitons
Authors: Veretenov Nikolay , Fedorov Sergey , Rosanov Nikolay
Published: November 2022

We analyze the effect of frequency locking for polarization components of a semiconductor laser with fast gain, saturating absorption, and weak anisotropy. A mode of alternation of topological indices when leaving the locking area was found.
Burying small Pt nanoparticles in the TiO2 microsphere support to form visible light antenna-reactor photocatalysts
Authors: Zhu Yukun , Wang Qiuyan , Deng Liren , Zhou Guo , Liu Yuyang , Huang Yu
Published: November 2022

By rational design and parameter engineering of the TiO2-Pt core-satellite construction, visible light absorption in small Pt nanoparticles (NPs) can be enhanced by nearly 100 times. The TiO2 microsphere support works as the optical antenna, giving rise to superior performance compared to conventional plasmonic nanoantennas. A crucial step is to bury the Pt NPs completely in the high refractive index TiO2 microsphere, because light absorption in the Pt NP approximately scales with the fourth power of the refractive index of its surrounding media. The proposed evaluation factor for light absorption enhancement in the Pt NPs at different positions is proved to be valid and useful. The physics modeling of the buried Pt NPs corresponds to the general case in practice where the surface of the TiO2 microsphere is naturally rough or a thin TiO2 coating is subsequently added. These results offer new avenues for directly transforming dielectric supported nonplasmonic catalytic transition metals into visible light photocatalysts.
Die Generation Alpha der Digital Health Innovationen – Eine Fallstudie aus der Multiple Sklerose Versorgung
Authors: Schlieter Hannes , Susky Marcel , Richter Peggy , Hickmann Emily , Scheplitz Tim , Burwitz Martin , Ziemssen Tjalf
Published: November 2022

Die digitale Transformation im Gesundheitswesen ermöglicht durch die Entwicklung zahlreicher neuer Technologien und Standards eine zunehmend individualisierte, bedarfsgerechte und berufsgruppenübergreifende Versorgung von Patienten. Diese neue Generation von Digital Health Innovationen – die Digital Health Generation Alpha (in Anlehnung an die korrespondierende Alterskohorte) – erfüllt Informations‑, Kommunikations- und Interoperabilitätsanforderungen entlang des gesamten Versorgungsprozesses, die aufgrund von abgegrenzten Leistungs- und Zuständigkeitsbereichen sowie Vergütungsregelungen oft eine unüberwindbare Hürde dargestellt haben. Im Beitrag werden mit der i) Pfadorientierung, ii) Patientenorientierung und -einbeziehung, iii) Qualitätsorientierung und iv) Integrationsfähigkeit vier zentrale Gestaltungsdimensionen von Digital Health Innovationen der Generation Alpha vorgestellt. Diese werden literaturgestützt aufgearbeitet und deren praktische Umsetzung anhand einer Fallstudie im Bereich der Versorgung von Patienten mit Multipler Sklerose aufgezeigt. Zentrale Leitfragen, konkrete Umsetzungsmaßnahmen und literaturgestützte Gestaltungsziele werden anhand eines prototypischen Vorgehensmodells beschrieben. Anhand der Fallstudie werden anschließend Implikationen für die zukünftige Digital Health Agenda abgeleitet, welche insbesondere für die Realisierung innovativer Werteversprechen und deren Integration in komplexe Zielumgebungen des Gesundheitswesens notwendig sind.
Prophage-like gene transfer agents promote Caulobacter crescentus survival and DNA repair during stationary phase
Authors: Gozzi Kevin , Tran Ngat T. , Modell Joshua W. , Le Tung B. K. , Laub Michael T.
Published: November 2022

Gene transfer agents (GTAs) are prophage-like entities found in many bacterial genomes that cannot propagate themselves and instead package approximately 5 to 15 kbp fragments of the host genome that can then be transferred to related recipient cells. Although suggested to facilitate horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in the wild, no clear physiological role for GTAs has been elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that the α-proteobacterium Caulobacter crescentus produces bona fide GTAs. The production of Caulobacter GTAs is tightly regulated by a newly identified transcription factor, RogA, that represses gafYZ, the direct activators of GTA synthesis. Cells lacking rogA or expressing gafYZ produce GTAs harboring approximately 8.3 kbp fragment of the genome that can, after cell lysis, be transferred into recipient cells. Notably, we find that GTAs promote the survival of Caulobacter in stationary phase and following DNA damage by providing recipient cells a template for homologous recombination-based repair. This function may be broadly conserved in other GTA-producing organisms and explain the prevalence of this unusual HGT mechanism.
SARS-CoV-2 infects human brain organoids causing cell death and loss of synapses that can be rescued by treatment with Sofosbuvir
Authors: Mesci Pinar , de Souza Janaina S. , Martin-Sancho Laura , Macia Angela , Saleh Aurian , Yin Xin , Snethlage Cedric , Adams Jason W. , Avansini Simoni H. , Herai Roberto H. , Almenar-Queralt Angels , Pu Yuan , Szeto Ryan A. , Goldberg Gabriela , Bruck Patrick T. , Papes Fabio , Chanda Sumit K. , Muotri Alysson R.
Published: November 2022

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was rapidly declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Early clinical symptomatology focused mainly on respiratory illnesses. However, a variety of neurological manifestations in both adults and newborns are now well-documented. To experimentally determine whether SARS-CoV-2 could replicate in and affect human brain cells, we infected iPSC-derived human brain organoids. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 can productively replicate and promote death of neural cells, including cortical neurons. This phenotype was accompanied by loss of excitatory synapses in neurons. Notably, we found that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved antiviral Sofosbuvir was able to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication and rescued these neuronal alterations in infected brain organoids. Given the urgent need for readily available antivirals, these results provide a cellular basis supporting repurposed antivirals as a strategic treatment to alleviate neurocytological defects that may underlie COVID-19- related neurological symptoms.
Mobile phone–based interventions for mental health show promise of effectiveness, but what does the evidence tell us about what needs to come next?
Authors: Jacobson Nicholas C. , Areán Patricia , Schueller Stephen M.
Published: November 2022

The current manuscript is a commentary on “Mobile phone–based interventions for mental health: A systematic meta-review of 14 meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials”. Although embedded within a nuanced discussion, one of the primary conclusions readers have taken from the meta-analysis was “we failed to find convincing evidence in support of any mobile phone–based intervention on any outcome”, which seems to contradict the entirety of the evidence presented when taken out of context of the methods applied. In evaluating whether the area produced “convincing evidence of efficacy,” the authors used a standard that appeared destined to fail. Specifically, the authors required “no evidence of publication bias”, which is a standard that would be unlikely to be found in any area of psychology or medicine. Second, the authors required low to moderate heterogeneity in effect sizes when comparing interventions with fundamentally different and entirely dissimilar target mechanisms. However absent these 2 untenable criteria, the authors actually found highly suggestive evidence of efficacy (N > 1,000, p < .000001) in (1) anxiety; (2) depression; (3) smoking cessation; (4) stress; and (5) quality of life. Perhaps the appropriate conclusions would be that existing syntheses of data testing smartphone intervention suggests that these interventions are promising, but additional work is needed to separate what types of interventions and mechanisms are more promising. Evidence syntheses will be useful as the field matures, but such syntheses should focus on smartphone treatments that are created equal (i.e., similar intent, features, goals, and linkages in a continuum of care model) or use standards for evidence that promote rigorous evaluation while allowing identification of resources that can help those in need.
Let’s decide what would be convincing, conduct randomized trials with rigorous comparison conditions, and report tests of moderation and publication bias in meta-analyses
Authors: Goldberg Simon B. , Torous John , Sun Shufang
Published: November 2022

We appreciate Jacobson and colleagues’ thoughtful commentary on our meta-review of mobile phone-based interventions for mental health. In this response, we address 2 issues raised: requiring low to moderate heterogeneity (I2 < 50%) and requiring no evidence of publication bias for evidence to be classified as “convincing.” While we agree these represent a high bar, we disagree that these requirements are destined to fail. Other effect sizes reported in the literature, including effect sizes related to mental health interventions and effect sizes related to mobile health (mHealth) interventions (although not their combination) have met requirements for convincing evidence. Jacobson and colleagues argue that features of the mHealth interventions may produce heterogeneity when meta-analyses combine across intervention types. However, several of the effect sizes we reviewed were based on relatively homogeneous portions of the literature and many of the effect sizes we reviewed showed low to moderate heterogeneity. Ideally, future meta-analyses will examine intervention features as moderators of treatment effects. While an absence of publication bias may be a stringent criterion, all but 2 of the 34 effect sizes we reviewed did not report formal tests of publication bias. Clearly, there is a need to reach consensus on how the strength of evidence for mHealth interventions can be evaluated. From our perspective, convincing evidence will ultimately come from large-scale randomized controlled trials employing rigorous comparison conditions along with meta-analyses that do not combine across control condition types, that examine theoretically important moderators, and report formal tests of publication bias. It is this kind of evidence that the public, the clinicians, and the scientific community may need to encourage adoption of mHealth interventions for mental health treatment and prevention.