bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Plantation System and the Roots of the Southern Rural Mortality Penalty.
Authors: Smith Rick W. A. , Nelson Robin G. , Magpiong Amanda , South Stacey K. , Dervarics Audrey , Plattner Paige , Schweiger Blair Coe , Reynolds Austin W
Published: September 2023

In recent decades, public health researchers have observed that the health of rural people has declined relative to the health of urban people in the United States. This disparity in health and life expectancy across the rural/urban divide has been described as the Rural Mortality Penalty. However, public health researchers have also noted that health and life expectancies are not uniform across the rural United States, but vary according to race, sex, gender, and other factors. Rural health disparities also vary geospatially and are especially pronounced in the American South, leading to recent calls for greater attention to the structural factors that shape the health of rural Southerners. In this study, we take an anthropological and historically explicit approach to study the impacts of systemic violence on rural health. Specifically, we focus on farm labor within the plantation system as a context where geospatial, racial, and sexual differences in mortality, often studied in isolation, find a common historical source. Here we analyze vital records data from the post-emancipation period in the Blackland Prairies ecoregion of Texas, a period when emerging forms of plantation labor such as tenant farming, convict leasing, and migrant labor were being developed to maintain the plantation economy after the abolishment of chattel slavery. We find that the plantation system remains a strong predictor of differential mortalities in rural Texas, accounting for nearly all the variance that exists across the rural/urban divide and elucidating the complex interactions of race, sex, labor, and health in the rural South.
Balancing Priorities: Analyzing the Intersection of Economic, Social, and Educational Factors in College Graduate Employment
Authors: Zhang Wei
Published: September 2023

University students are valuable human resources in today's society, and employment is fundamental to people's livelihoods. Therefore, effectively addressing the employment of college graduates is not only related to various national economic, social, and political issues but is also a significant topic of concern for society, families, and the media. From a societal perspective, the employment of university students is directly related to the success or failure of China's education system reform and also impacts social harmony and development. From the students' perspective, employment issues are closely tied to their personal development, success, and realization of life values. From the perspective of universities, employment issues are connected to their own survival and development. It is evident that addressing the employment of college graduates is crucial for promoting the harmonious development of China's education sector. This paper explores the issue of difficult employment faced by Chinese college graduates and presents some strategies to address this issue.
How do protests shape discourse? Causal methods for determining the impact of protest events on newspaper coverage
Authors: Pomerenke David
Published: September 2023

Protests can have an impact on newspaper coverage, not only by prompting reports about the protest events themselves, but also by bringing attention to the issue that they are concerned with. But they may also have negative impacts by distracting from existing constructive discourse on the issue. Quantitative media analyses can uncover these impacts. The problem is that protests and media coverage are in a complex causal relation: They mutually influence each other, and external events may cause both protests and coverage to increase at the same time. To deal with observed and unobserved confounding, I evaluate multiple causal methods: Besides the classical repertoire of regression and instrumental variables, I investigate aggregated synthetic controls and inverse propensity weighting. I show that all methods reduce bias but do not completely remove it, except perhaps the synthetic control method. My analysis of climate protest events in Germany shows that the protests generally tend to increase not only protest-related coverage but also other coverage related to climate change; but there are differences between the various protest groups. This sheds empirical light on a theoretical debate about possible backfiring effects.
Insights from the Folk Theories of Recommender System Users
Authors: Ridley Michael
Published: September 2023

Folk theories can be used to understand the user and to inform the principles and practices of human-centered explainable AI (HCXA)I. This paper reports on a study of the users of the Spotify music recommendation system and how they believed the recommendations were made. The elicited folk theories provided insights into HCXAI.
Gender Equality in Sustainable Development Goals: Some Reflections from Nepal
Authors: Khanal Shushila Devi
Published: September 2023

The paper examines the connection between gender equality and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It explores how gender equality is essential for achieving sustainable development and addresses the specific challenges and progress made in Nepal towards SDGs. Methodologically, the paper is based on the review and synthesis of secondary sources of information by explorative method. This paper mainly discusses the social, economic, environmental, and partnership aspects of SDGs in relation to gender equality and their contribution to human well-being and justice. It emphasizes the need for comprehensive and coordinated efforts to address gender disparities, promote women's empowerment, and ensure the active participation of women and girls in decision-making processes. Finally, the paper concludes by discussing the importance of integrating gender equality into policies, programs, and strategies aimed at achieving sustainable development in Nepal.
Determinants of Land Technical Considerations in Land Control
Authors: Arnowo Hadi
Published: September 2023

The significance of Technical Land Considerations (PTP) has grown in importance following the implementation of the Government Regulation replacing the Job Creation Law, particularly as an essential input for issuing Suitability of Spatial Utilization Activities (KKPR). Meanwhile, there are still many gaps in land use status that require effective monitoring activities. In order to effectively carry out land control, data and information regarding land control, ownership, and land use and utilization are required. PTP can be used as an effective land control instrument because it is an input to the issuance of KKPR and subsequently becomes a reference in land ownership applications. The effectiveness of PTP in land control is based on three factors that need to be properly applied: the presentation of the substance of PTP, PTP decisions, and PTP monitoring. PTP substances must be arranged in an accurate, objective, and up-to-date manner. PTP decisions must be informed by a comprehensive and thorough review and the impact of decisions on the community. Monitoring the outcome of the TPP decision is becoming a reference point for the continuation of the land ownership process. To ensure the ongoing issuance of PTP for various land activities, it is essential to incorporate the substance material of PTP into the records of land inspections. This integration facilitates the acquisition of comprehensive information that is pertinent to land ownership applications. In addition, the Land Office can anticipate problems with land tenure that is to be the subject of a land ownership application.
Agrarian Reform for Indigenous Peoples: Conflicts and Redistribution Policies in Senama Nenek Village, Riau
Authors: Dwijananti Bunga Mareta
Published: September 2023

The conflict between the indigenous people of Kenegerian Senama Nenek and PTPN V/PT Perkebunan Negara (State Owned Enterprises/Badan Usaha Milik Negara-BUMN) has been going on for decades. Researchers' document studies and interviews have revealed that the Senama Nenek community's customary land was under PTPN V's unilateral control, which resulted in the loss of the community's customary land forest. The Kampar District Government and the Riau Provincial Government facilitate efforts to resolve the conflict through the courts (litigation) or outside the court (non-litigation), which involve relevant agencies. The conflict was declared resolved in May 2019 through a Limited Meeting Decision on the Acceleration of Settlement of Land Issues led by President Joko Widodo. The final decision was that the 2,800 ha of land was handed over in the form of individual ownership certificates to 1,385 indigenous peoples of the Kenegerian Senama Nenek and then followed up by cooperation with PTPN V with the Partnership Pattern
Stable Polymer Formation Using Temperature as a Catalyst: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: Bhagat Subita
Published: September 2023

Polymerization processes are crucial in the production of various materials with diverse applications. This study explores the innovative approach of utilizing temperature as a catalyst in polymer formation to enhance stability and control. The research aims to understand the challenges in traditional polymerization methods, define the problem, outline the study objectives, and present conclusions drawn from the investigation. This study explores temperature-driven polymerization as an innovative catalyst for stable polymer formation, aiming to replace traditional chemical catalysts. By investigating its feasibility, stability, control, and environmental impact, this research contributes to sustainable polymer synthesis. The findings reveal temperature's potential as a catalyst alternative for environmentally conscious polymerization processes.
Structural, mechanical, electronic, thermal, and optical properties of the inverse-Heusler compounds X2RuPb(X = La, Sc): A first-principles investigation
Authors: BOUAZZA Abdelkader , Khirat M. , Larbi M. , Bettahar N. , Rached D.
Published: September 2023

Topological insulators are novel quantum material states with insulating bulk band gaps and topologically protected metallic surface states that have been extensively studied owing to their intriguing properties for spintronic and quantum-computing applications. The structural, mechanical, electronic, thermal, and optical properties of inverse Heusler compounds La2RuPb and, Sc2 RuPb in two Hg2CuTi, Cu2 MnAltype structures were calculated using the full potential linear muffin-tin orbital simulation methodology as implemented in the computer code,which is based on density functional theory.We employed the local-density approximation for the exchange and correlation potential (XC) terms. Consequently, the optical characteristics of La2 RuPb, Sc2 RuPb and elastic constants Cij and their corresponding elastic moduli were computed for the first time. According to our structural calculations, La2 RuPb is more stable in its Hg2 CuTi-type structure than Sc2 RuPb in its Cu2 MnAl-type structure. However, the mechanical characteristics demonstrate their stability in the final stages of elastic deformation.
Alternative approach to explore the stability of floating bodies
Authors: Segura Delgado Manuel Alejandro
Published: September 2023

We present a simplified model of a boat to study its rotational dynamics, which is a significant criterion for the development of navigation systems. The stability of a floating body can be examined by means of rotational potential energy, which depends solely on the boat’s gravity center and a point called the metacentric height. Typically, this geometric point is a function of the body’s orientation in relation to the fluid surface, and the estimation of its value can often be ambiguous. This paper presents an alternative method for calculating the metacentric height using a vectorial approach, as well as a general definition of rotational potential energy applicable to this type of problem. The potential energy facilitates the determination of stable and unstable equilibrium directions as a function of the boat’s relative density and orientation.
Electrochemical corrosion performance of copper and uniformly alloyed bronze and brass in 0.1 M NaCl solution
Authors: Abdullah Khan Akib , Kaiser Samiul , Kaiser Salim
Published: September 2023

The influence of Al and Zn by 10 wt.% as alloying elements on the electrochemical corrosion behaviour of Cu-based alloy in 0.1 M NaCl solution is examined. Results from both electrochemical impedance spectroscopy method and potentiodynamic techniques indicate that the corrosion occurred at a higher rate for Zn and Al added alloys than pure Cu, where Zn added alloy shows the worst corrosion performance. Copper forms stable a protective layer of Cu2O, and CuO, as a result, has a lower corrosion rate. In case of Al and Zn added alloys, dealloying, as well as dissolution of additional Al2O3 and ZnO are responsible for higher corrosion rates, respectively. The surfaces are investigated by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Phases of different intermetallics within the Cu matrix are identified in the etched optical micrographs of the experimental alloys. The optical images after corrosion depict layers of oxides on the surfaces where the Zn-added alloys are highly affected, followed by Al-added alloys and pure Cu. Increased amounts of internal damage to the surface of the Zn-added alloy are visible in the SEM images. The EDX spectrum not only supports the presence of oxide layers but also claims that Zn-containing particles are dissolved at a greater rate than Al.
Raman and FTIR spectroscopy experimental and theoretical in magnetic nanoemulsion from Carapa Guianensis Aublet
Authors: Silva L.G.F. , Martins Q.S. , Ribas A. , Oliveira D.L.L. , Lima R.C.S. , Santos J.G.
Published: September 2023

This work brings Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as a proposal for a vibrational characterization of Carapa Guianensis Aublet essential oil in natura and polymerized and of magnetic nanoemulsion. Calculation of computational chemistry based on the method density functional theory with B3LYP functional and 6-311+G(d,p) base set parameters was used to obtain theoretical frequencies and vibrational signatures of the oleic acid molecule. Results of Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirm bands of Carapa Guianensis Aublet essential oil present in polymerized oil and magnetic nanoemulsion studied. The density functional theory method shows that the bands 1099 cm-1, 1714 cm-1 and 1812 cm-1 explain the presence of vibrational modes of oleic acid in the samples. The density functional theory brought good conformation to the chosen molecule.
Higher order mode conversion induced by discontinuities in waveguides
Authors: Lauterio-Cruz Jesus Pablo , Manzanares Martínez J. , Gaspar Armenta J. A.
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we provide a theoretical prediction about the likelihood of producing high-order modes using, as far as we know, the simplest mode converter. The mode converter is a simple discontinuous waveguide for which reflection and transmission have recently been reported. As a result of the scattering of the fundamental guided mode (TE0), we have found that the high-order mode excitation is highly dependent on the position of the discontinuity. On the one hand, we discovered that in the presence of a discontinuity in the propagation direction, only even modes (TE0 and TE2) are excited, skipping the odd mode (TE1). When a lateral shift is considered, however, both even and odd higher-order modes (TE1 and TE2) are generated. Furthermore, after some lateral shifting, we found that only the pure TE2 mode is propagated.
Repulsive bound-electron pairs in a Peierls lattice
Authors: Díaz-Reynoso Uriel Alberto , Huipe-Domratcheva Ernesto , Navarro Oracio
Published: September 2023

A new class of repulsive bound-electron pairs have been found in a Peierls lattice within the Hubbard model for energies E < 0 despite U > 0. These new repulsive bound-electron pairs have a high degree of localization as both the correlation energy U and the tS/tL hopping ratio increases. In order to study electronic correlation in Peierls lattices, our previous real space mapping method has also been extended to the so called generalized mapping method which is briefly presented here. In this paper, we concentrate our attention to discuss in detail the two-particle problem within a repulsive Hubbard model for the one-dimensional Peierls lattice.
Stability improvement of CH3NH3PbI3 hybrid perovskite through tin and chlorine doping
Authors: Aguilar Reyes Bertha Oliva , Soto T. E. , Sánchez K. , Navarro O. , Valdespino A. , Torres Martínez D. Y.
Published: September 2023

In recent years, the hybrid perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 has been widely studied because of its potential application in the fabrication of high efficiency solar cells. The main challenge is to avoid destabilization of this compound under working conditions. Indeed, the MAPbI3 begins to decompose into the precursor phases, a few hours or days after being formed. We reported a stability monitoring of doped compounds CH3NH3Pb0.9Sn0.1I2.8Cl0.2 and CH3NH3Pb0.75Sn0.25I2.5Cl0.5 obtained as films from solutions of the precursors in N-N dimethylformamide on chemically treated glass substrates. The monitoring was carried out using X-Ray diffraction and absorbance measurements in the UV-Vis region. The tetragonal symmetry initially determined for the three compounds, remains almost unaltered for CH3NH3Pb0.75Sn0.25I2.5Cl0.5 even after 600 days, under environmental conditions. The bandgap value for this doped perovskite is 1.44 eV.
Otitis media aguda en infantes
Authors: Salazar Porras Daniela , Aguilar Hernández Lilliana Marcela , González Alfaro Fernando José
Published: September 2023

La otitis media aguda (OMA) se define como una infección del espacio del oído medio, caracterizada por la presencia de fluido en esta zona, y es causada mayoritariamente por patógenos como Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae no tipificable (NTHi) y Moraxella catarrhalis. Esta patología se da con más frecuencia en hombres que en mujeres, y principalmente en infantes, quienes poseen una mayor incidencia entre los 3 y 18 meses de vida. Los principales factores de riesgo asociados a la OMA son inmunodeficiencia, alergias, infección previa del tracto respiratorio superior y antecedentes familiares de OMA infantil recurrente. Los signos más comunes de la OMA son el dolor de oído (otalgia) y la fiebre. Existen múltiples métodos para diagnosticar la OMA, siendo los principales la otoscopia, la timpanometría y reflectometría acústica; el diagnóstico debe tomar en consideración los síntomas y la historia clínica del paciente. El abordaje de la otitis media aguda se lleva a cabo a través de tratamiento farmacológico y quirúrgico. La amoxicilina es considerada el antibiótico de primera línea para el abordaje de la OMA. En casos de complicaciones graves, se pueden requerir procedimientos quirúrgicos con urgencia, tales como los tubos de timpanostomía y la miringotomía. La causa principal de la resistencia a los antibióticos se debe al mal uso y uso excesivo del tratamiento antimicrobiano, por lo que deben medicarse según los requerimientos de cada paciente. Si la otitis media no recibe el tratamiento adecuado, el líquido infectado en el oído medio puede propagarse a áreas cercanas y provocar complicaciones graves. Si bien estas son poco comunes, pueden tener consecuencias mortales significativas.
Lo que debemos conocer y dominar sobre la enfermedad cerebrovascular isquémica en el primer nivel de atención
Authors: Mojica Flores Randol Gabriel
Published: September 2023

La enfermedad cerebrovascular es una deficiencia neurológica repentina atribuible a una causa vascular focal. La definición de isquémica se orienta cuando se debe a una obstrucción que provoca una disminución o ausencia del flujo sanguíneo, generalmente por un trombo en la vasculatura in situ o una embolización proveniente de otro lugar, llevando a cabo un déficit energético neuronal con la posterior muerte neuronal afectada. La edad es el factor de riesgo demográfico más importante, y aunque la incidencia de la enfermedad cerebrovascular ha disminuido en los últimos años, el riesgo de ictus a lo largo de la vida ha aumentado debido al envejecimiento de la población. Las manifestaciones van a corresponder a la localización de la isquemia, pero generalmente son ausencia o disminución de la función sensitiva, motora o ambas en la mitad del cuerpo, pérdida del habla o de la comprensión, cambios en la visión, alteración de la marcha y cefalea intensa inesperada. Las etiologías más comunes son cardioembólicas, embolismo arterioarteriales y estenosis que limita el flujo de un gran vaso extracraneal. Dentro de las herramientas diagnósticas, el primer estudio de elección todavía sigue siendo la tomografía computarizada sin contraste, básicamente para evidenciar o no un proceso hemorrágico para descartar la enfermedad cerebrovascular hemorrágica que pueda explicar la presentación del paciente. Por último, se debe buscar la educación continua de los pacientes, orientándolos hacia un estilo de vida saludable, y se debe prestar atención en las consultas para ver la evolución clínica de estos pacientes.
FORMATION OF A MODERN PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT ECOSYSTEM: SOCIAL CHALLENGES, COMMUNICATION TRENDS, INNOVATIVE APPROACHES
Authors: Зленко Алла , Перчук Оксана , Луцик Оксана
Published: September 2023

The article deals with the issues of formation of an organization's HR management ecosystem. The concepts of ecosystem, goals, objectives and key elements of the system are studied. It is substantiated that the modern ecosystem of HR management of an organization involves the formation of an organization's development strategy, HR strategy, which contains the values of the organization; enables the development of corporate culture and positioning of each employee in relation to the development of the organization; includes social responsibility, managerial and communication unity; innovative approaches to the selection of methods of training and development of personnel; new reward systems; advantages of involving different generations in cooperation: expanding the scope of the traditional «working age». It is established that the formation and development of a modern organization's HR management ecosystem is influenced by globalization and geopolitical aspects, demographic factors, staff migration and the struggle for the best candidates, the level of technology development, communication problems, the COVID-19 pandemic, and, given the Ukrainian realities, military actions. The author analyzes the trends in HR management, among which are the following: active use of artificial intelligence; development of electronic offices and electronic portfolios; introduction of blended learning and gamification methods in the management and advanced training of personnel; identification of talents and their effective use. The new management paradigm should take into account current trends in management technologies and form a system of staff motivation. This approach allows us to consider modern HR management technologies according to the main sub-functions. These include: strategic workforce planning; search and selection of personnel; training and development of personnel; performance management of personnel; motivation of personnel through recognition and rewards; career development of personnel, motivation for leadership. It is noted that the social responsibility of an organization in the field of career development and professional development of employees involves the following steps: in accordance with the corporate strategy, to determine the necessary plans for the training needs of staff; equal opportunities for all categories of staff in terms of training and professional development; formation of relevant methods and forms of staff development; identification of particularly promising employees, and development of individual development and career growth programs. Today, the concept of corporate social responsibility is gradually being developed and implemented in the corporate governance systems of leading Ukrainian organizations.
ДОБРОЧЕСНІСТЬ ЯК ЕЛЕМЕНТ ПРОФЕСІЙНО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ В СИСТЕМІ НАУКОВО-ДОСЛІДНИЦЬКОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ СТУДЕНТІВ
Authors: Шимченко Людмила , Левченко Тетяна
Published: September 2023

В публікації розглянуто процедуру формування доброчесності як елементу професійно-педагогічної культури в процесі підготовки майбутніх педагогів, як тої еліти, на яку покладена надія по відродженню України. Вважаючи доброчесність одною з основних цінностей сучасності, вагомим елементом професійно-педагогічної культури в формуванні майбутньої української еліти, соціального капіталу, здатного нові технології поставити на службу нації, розглянули процедуру формування доброчесності в ЗВО України. Проаналізували елемент «партнерства» в системі забезпечення якості освіти та в процесі формування доброчесності як вагомої складової професійної культури педагогічної еліти України. Розглянули процес формування доброчесності через механізм проблемного викладу матеріалу в освітньому процесі та в умовах проведення науково-дослідної роботи. Прослідковуючи процес формування культури педагога-науковця, розглянули складові: культуру мислення, культуру комунікації, текстову та стилістичну культуру, бібліографічну культуру дослідника, що забезпечують формування навичок роботи з науковим текстом, полемічних умінь, мовної культури та культури написання різних текстів. Через призму перерахованих складових культури педагога-науковця, розглянули доброчесність як фундаментуючий елемент. Звернули увагу на плагіат, як порушення принципу доброчесності в навчально-науковому процесі; прослідкували процедуру забезпечення принципу доброчесності в ЗВО України через механізм прийняття Положення, Кодексів та Декларацій про академічну доброчесність.
РОЗВИТОК ФОТОГРАФІЇ В УКРАЇНІ У ХХ СТ. ТА ЇЇ ІНСТИТУАЛІЗАЦІЯ ЯК АРХІВНОГО ДОКУМЕНТА
Authors: Довжук Ігор
Published: September 2023

У статті розглядаються питання розвитку фотографії, фотосправи та хіміко-фотографічної промисловості в Україні у ХХ ст., а також інституалізація фотографії як архівного документа. Уже з початку ХХ ст. можемо говорити про високий рівень розвитку в Україні фотосправи, сформованість її інфраструктури, швидке розширення напрямів розвитку в багатьох українських регіонах. Розширення функціонально-інструментальних характеристик фотографії, розвиток фотомеханічних процесів друку стали передумовами й каталізаторами становлення професійного фотомистецтва, фотожурналістики, формування і збагачення системи її жанрів, розширення кола фахівців фотосправи. Змінюється рівень сприйняття фотографії і фотодіяльності, з’являється потреба узагальнення і наукового її осмислення, створення теорії фотосправи. Так, з 1914 р. у Києві було вже чимало фотографів-митців і професіоналів-науковців. Активна фотодіяльність викликала до життя і виникнення спеціалізованих періодичних видань. За короткий час розвитку фотогуртків у Харкові засновуються профільні журнали. Зазначено, що на початку 1930 р. з ініціативи професора Олекси Балицького і лікаря Степана Дмоховського було створене Українське Фотографічне Товариство у Львові (з філіями у Станіславі, Тернополі й Рогатині). Товариство мало понад 200 членів, власне приміщення і бібліотеку. У 1960-1980-х рр. виникла мережа спеціалізованих архівів кінофотофонодокументів, що включала архіви союзного рівня та архіви союзних республік, у т.ч. України. У державних архівах створюються спеціальні архівні фонди для передачі, зберігання і дослідження фотодокументів, відбувається їхня інституалізація, яка отримала новий розвиток з початку 1990-х рр.
КОНТРОЛЬ ТАКТИЧНОЇ ПІДГОТОВЛЕНОСТІ КВАЛІФІКОВАНИХ ХОКЕЇСТІВ НА ТРАВІ
Authors: Перепелиця Максим , Вознюк Тетяна , Перепелиця Олександр
Published: September 2023

The results of experimental substantiation of the criteria of tactical readiness of qualified field hockey players are presented. Pedagogical sequential experiment provided for the establishment and formation stages of the study. The study involved 18 qualified field hockey players, analyzed 32 official games, during the participation of the team in the championships and cups of Ukraine, in the cup of European champions. To traditional criteria oftactical readiness, among which experts define the indicators of competitive activities, the application of innovative technologies, namely, a computer multimedia program for testing the level of tactical thinking, is proposed. Testing tasks were to determine the correct solution for complex alternate simulated gaming situations. It is recommended to take into account the number of tactical errors to the indicators of competitive activity, in addition to the quantitative and qualitative data of the implementation of game techniques (gears, driving, stops, gates, rounds, selections, interceptions), as well as specific coefficients of efficiency and intensity. Correlation analysis showed the presence of statistically significant relationships between the above indicators (r = 0.472-0.730), which indicates the informativeness of the selected criteria for control tactical activity. Obtaining the results and their processing according to the proposed criteria enabled the trainer to make adjustments to the hockey team's plans, raise the level of tactical knowledge and skills of players, individualize the training process, highlighted the main directions of its optimization in terms of tactical training
КОНЦЕПЦІЯ ПРОГРАМУВАННЯ ТРЕНУВАЛЬНОГО ПРОЦЕСУ СПОРТСМЕНІВ
Authors: Костюкевич Віктор , Дорошенко Едуард , Сушко Руслана , Тищенко Валерія , Мітова Олена
Published: September 2023

The modern system of training athletes is conditioned by the development and introduction of new technologies into the training process, on the basis of which purposeful training effects are carried out. The purpose of the researchis to develop conceptualprovisions for programming the training process of athletes in the annual macrocycle based on a systematic analysis. Research methods: analysis and generalization of literary sources and Internet data, hypothesis and assumptions, historical method, systematic approach. Research results and conclusions. On the basis of theoretical research methods, the concept of programming of training process athletes in the macrocycle has been developed. The concept is determined by: the calendar of competitions, target settings, phased development of sports form. In accordance with this, programs of structural formations of the training process are developed. The development of these programs is determined by the components of training effects, which allows for the purposeful formation of immediate, delayed and cumulative training effects. Programs of structural formations of the training process are developed in a hierarchical sequence - from individual training tasks to the macrocycle.
Bone morphogenetic protein and cancer in spinal fusion: a propensity score–matched analysis
Authors: Mazur-Hart David J. , Yamamoto Erin A. , Yoo Jung , Orina Josiah N.
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVE

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) has been increasingly used in spinal surgery to promote arthrodesis. Because BMP stimulates cellular proliferation, its association with tumorigenesis is a concern. Previous research has generated conflicting conclusions on the risk of cancer in patients receiving BMP. The authors aimed to compare the incidence of solid organ and hematopoietic malignancies in patients undergoing spinal arthrodesis with or without BMP.

METHODS

The PearlDiver Mariner Patient Claims Database was queried for patients undergoing thoracolumbar fusion between 2015 and 2021. Patients with preexisting malignancy were excluded. Data were analyzed for incidence of solid organ malignancy and hematopoietic malignancy diagnosed after spinal surgery. Propensity score matching using age, sex, tobacco usage, and year of surgery was performed between patients who did and those who did not receive BMP.

RESULTS

Among patients without prior solid organ malignancy, BMP was used in 22,139 patients and not used in 306,249. In the propensity score–matched group, 3.1% of the BMP group developed solid organ malignancy following surgery compared with 3.5% in the non-BMP group. The relative risk (RR) of developing solid organ malignancy after BMP exposure was 0.89 (95% CI 0.81–0.98, p = 0.02). Among patients without prior hematopoietic malignancy, BMP was used in 23,505 patients and not used in 328,796 patients. In the propensity score–matched group, 0.4% of the BMP group developed hematopoietic malignancy compared with 0.6% of the non-BMP group. The RR of developing hematopoietic malignancy after BMP exposure was 0.71 (95% CI 0.55–0.93, p = 0.015).

CONCLUSIONS

BMP use in thoracolumbar fusion was not associated with an increased risk of new malignancy, which further supports emerging data on the lack of an association between BMP use and increased malignancy.
Middle meningeal artery embolization in the management of chronic subdural hematoma in medically complex pediatric neurosurgical patients: technical note
Authors: Coyle Anne M. , Graves Erin K. M. , Lang Shih-Shan , Kennedy Benjamin C. , Flanders Tracy M. , Tucker Alexander M. , Storm Phillip B. , Cahill Anne Marie , Pukenas Bryan A. , Madsen Peter J.
Published: September 2023

Middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization has gained acceptance as a treatment for chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) in adult patients but has not been well described in pediatric patients. Standard cSDH treatment has historically consisted of burr hole drainage with or without subdural drain placement. However, due to the high rate of recurrence and frequency of comorbidities within this population, as both pediatric and adult patients with cSDH frequently have concurrent cardiac disease and a need for anticoagulant therapies, MMA embolization has increasingly demonstrated its value as both an adjunctive and primary treatment. In this report, the authors present 3 cases of successful MMA embolization in medically complex children at a single institution. MMA embolization was used as a primary treatment modality and as an adjunctive therapy in the acute setting following surgical hematoma evacuation. Two patients were receiving anticoagulation treatment requiring reversal. Technical considerations specific to the pediatric population as well as those common to both the pediatric and adult populations are addressed. Further work is needed to define the optimal indications and outcomes for MMA embolization in children with cSDH.
Risk factors for radiographic progression of proximal junctional fracture in patients undergoing surgical treatment for adult spinal deformity
Authors: Park Se-Jun , Lee Chong-Suh , Park Jin-Sung , Jeon Chung-Youb , Ma Chang-Hyun , Shin Tae Soo
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVE

Proximal junctional fracture (PJFx) at the uppermost instrumented vertebra (UIV) or UIV+1 is the most common mechanism of proximal junctional failure (PJF). Few studies have assessed radiographic progression after PJFx development. Therefore, this study sought to identify the risk factors for radiographic progression of PJFx in the surgical treatment for adult spinal deformity.

METHODS

In this retrospective study, among 317 patients aged > 60 years who underwent ≥ 5-level fusion from the sacrum, 76 with PJFx development were included. On the basis of the change in the proximal junctional angle (PJA), 2 groups were created: progression group (group P) (change ≥ 10°) and nonprogression group (group NP) (change < 10°). Patient, surgical, and radiographic variables were compared between the groups with univariate and multivariate analyses to demonstrate the risk factors for PJFx progression. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to calculate cutoff values. Clinical outcomes, such as visual analog scale (VAS) scores for back and leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score, the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)–22 score, and the revision rate were compared between the 2 groups.

RESULTS

The mean age at index surgery was 71.1 years, and 67 women were enrolled in the study (88.2%). There were 45 patients in group P and 31 in group NP. The mean increase in PJA was 15.6° (from 23.2° to 38.8°) in group P and 3.7° (from 17.2° to 20.9°) in group NP. Clinical outcomes were significantly better in group NP than group P, including VAS-back score, ODI score, and SRS-22 scores for all items. The revision rate was significantly greater in group P than in group NP (53.3% vs 25.8%, p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that overcorrection relative to the age-adjusted ideal pelvic incidence (PI)–lumbar lordosis (LL) target at index surgery (OR 4.484, p = 0.030), PJA at the time of PJFx identification (OR 1.097, p = 0.009), and fracture at UIV (vs UIV+1) (OR 3.410, p = 0.027) were significant risk factors for PJFx progression. The cutoff value of PJA for PJFx progression was calculated as 21° by using the ROC curve.

CONCLUSIONS

The risk factors for further progression of PJFx were overcorrection relative to the age-adjusted PI-LL target at index surgery, PJA > 21° at initial presentation, and fracture at the UIV level. Close monitoring is warranted for such patients in order to not miss timely revision surgery.
Volunteering Experience of the Poor Patient Fund during Medical School
Authors: Shrestha Saloni , Gautam Ashima , Timilsina Roshna
Published: September 2023

Access to healthcare poses significant financial hurdles for economically disadvantaged patients especially in developing countries like Nepal, presenting as one of the most prominent obstacles in ensuring their right to proper medical support. In response to this issue, a student-run organization called, 'Our Attempt Towards Health' has established the poor patient fund to assist those in need. The poor patient fund helps economically deprived patients with their treatment costs by providing them financial assistance and at the same time medical students have the opportunity to volunteer, creating an early and empathetic connection with patients. This experience fosters a sense of purpose and responsibility towards patients, while also honing valuable communication, counseling, and teamwork skills.
Support Vector Classifiers in scikit-learn: Mathematical Detail, Part III
Authors: Prentice Justin S.C.
Published: September 2023

We present mathematical detail pertaining to the theory of the soft-margin support vector classifier ν-SVC, as used in scikit-learn. We construct the primal problem, from which we derive the dual problem. We also show how the primal problem can be derived from the dual problem. We analyze the effect of the parameter ν, and we discuss the relationship between ν-SVC and C-SVC. We include an interesting numerical example. The paper is the third in a series and is intended to be educational in nature.Tunawasilisha maelezo ya hisabati yanayohusiana na nadharia ya kiainishi cha vekta ya usaidizi wa ukingo laini ν-SVC, kama inavyotumika katika kujifunza-scikit. Tunaunda shida ya msingi, ambayo tunapata shida mbili. Pia tunaonyesha jinsi shida ya msingi inaweza kutolewa kutoka kwa shida mbili. Tunachambua athari za parameta ν, na tunajadili uhusiano kati ya ν-SVC na C-SVC. Tunajumuisha mfano wa nambari unaovutia. Karatasi ni ya tatu katika mfululizo na inakusudiwa kuwa ya elimu kwa asili.(The translation into Swahili was provided by Google Translate).
Comparative study of the effects of some NSAIDs on ovulation in female mice.
Authors: Al-Atrakji Mohammed Q. Y. , Al-Zohyri Ahmad M. , Al-Janabi Adnan S.
Published: September 2023

Background:Ovulation constitutes a central event in ovarian physiology, and ovulatory dysfunction which is a relevant cause of female infertility. Mammalian ovulation is comparable to aninflammatory reaction since many of the molecules responsible for inducing the inflammatorycascade including PGs, leukotrienes and various cytokines have been describedin the ovary.Objectives:This study was designed to compare between the effects of some NSAIDs(aspirin,diclofenac sodium and meloxicam)on the ovulatory process and the reproductive tract of female mice.Materials and methods:Twenty four female mice were subdivided into 4groups (6 animals/group).The first received distilled water serve as control group, the second receivedaspirin (7.5 mg/kg.B.W) ,thethird received diclofenac sodium(2mg/kg.B.W) and the fourth received meloxicam(0.001mg/kg.B.W) subcutaneously at proestrous phase,Blood was collected at metestrousfor subsequent hormonal assay. The whole reproductive tract was excised out, examined, weighed and ova were flushed.Results :Female mice that received 7.5 mg/kg.B.W of aspirin,showedenlarged, congested ovaries with cystic appearance and congested uteri with prominent blood vessels.Mice that received 2mg /kg.B.W.diclofenac and those received 0.01 mg/kg.B.W. meloxicam showed more congestion and more obvious cystic appearance of ovaries with uteri more bulky compared to controls that showed no congestion and no cystic appearance of the ovaries with thin non congested uteri.Highly significant (P < 0.001) increase in the ovarian weight and highly significant decrease in number of ova flushedwhile no significant changes (P > 0.05) were seen in the uterine weight nor in hormonal levels of LH and FSH between controls and each of animals that received aspirin, diclofenac and meloxicam respectively.Conclusion:Short -term administration of low-dose (aspirin, diclofenac& meloxicam) to female mice at proestrous cause a highly significant increase in the ovarian weight with morphological changes of ovaries and uteri and a highly significant decrease in the ovulatory rate as compared to controls .Greater effect were produced by meloxicam with a lower dose compare to diclofenac and aspirin.
The effect of laser radiation on DNA damage and repair
Authors: Dhiaa Ridha Farah , Zaki Salih Anmar , Abdul–Majeed Ban A.
Published: September 2023

Background: The effect of Helium Neon laser (He-Ne 632.8 nm) was reported to protect cells from damage. We studied lymphocyte cells pre irradiated with (UVC 260 nm) to induce DNA damage. Investigations were carried using gel electrophoresis and test for cell viability. It has also been reported that effect depends on incubation period after damage. The extent of damage to the cells depends on the period of irradiation with UVC also on its intensity.Objective: In this work we studied the effect of UVC on DNA damage and cell survivalAlso study of the effect of He-Ne laser on cell survival after all being pre irradiated with UVC light and its protective effect on DNA post UV damage.Method: This study was conducted in pathology department post graduate laboratory - College of medicine-Baghdad University. The total number of samples was (147). Blood samples were collected from healthy donors came to the blood bank, the amount of blood drown varies from 5ml to 7ml in heparin tubes .The work was carried out during the period between November 2010 to August 2011. In this experiments examination of samples was carried out to test the radiation effect on cell viability by using trypan blue dye, the experiments were preformed after 1, 24 and 72 hours post UVC irradiation to test the repair development. In other experiments Gel electrophoresis were carried out on samples to study the effect of radiation on the DNA fragmentation.Result: Results reveal a reduced DNA fragmentation appeared on gel electrophoresis experiments as the smear length is reduced significantly for both UV10 and UV20 , other results for cell viability tests revelled that He-Ne can increase survival of cells pre irradiated with UVC irradiation giving (66%, 57%, 70%( improvement in UV exposure for10 min and (59%,56%,59%) improvement for UV exposure for 20 min respectively .Conclusion: The effect of the laser in the improvement of cell survival may be attributed to the induction of endogenous radioprotectore and probably enzymes induced by laser irradiation which may be either reduce the free radical by scavenging effect or by improved cell repair, we may conclude that He-Ne laser can protect cells from radiation damage
IL-10 serum level estimation in Iraqi colorectal and gastric cancer patients
Authors: Abdulla Ahmed R. , Mohammed Ali Ali H. , Al-Rawaq Khudair J. , Ibraheem Anas N.
Published: September 2023

Background:Gastrointestinal cancers (GITc) is a worldwide problem. In Iraq , Gastric cancer is the 9th commonest of the top cancers while colorectal cancers it is considered as the 7th commonest ten cancers.IL-10 appears to be more of a pro-tumor than anti-tumor properties in both colorectal and gastric cancers.Objective:is to estimate the serum level of IL-10 in the Iraqi colorectal and gastric cancer Patientsand its relation to the progress of disease.Patients and Methods:In ourstudy ,54 serum samples werecollected starting from the 1st of January to mid of March 2011, to investigate the IL-10 serum level by using ELISA kit. 38colorectal and gastric cancer patients (H.Pylori +ve) and 16 of healthy control group.Results: The results showed that IL-10 serum levels of both GIT tumors were increased significantly (p<0.05) comparing with the healthy control group.Conclusion:In conclusion, the high serum level of IL-10 in colorectal cancers is due to the pro-tumor properties of IL-10 while in gastric cancer while the association of IL-10 genotypes specifically the single nucleotide polymorphism of the IL-10 promoter region may be the source of its serum increasing level.
Carpal tunnel syndrome in Iraqi paraplegic patients
Authors: Alwan Basim M.
Published: September 2023

Background: The median nerve in paraplegic patients, who must rely on increased hand activities including transfer and wheel-chair propulsion, may be subjected to increased pressure, so that the incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) may be higher than that in the normal population.Objectives: To study the prevalence and the severity of carpal tunnel syndrome in Iraqi paraplegic patients and to identify the effect of duration of the injury as a possible factor related to its occurrence to avoid any chronic problems which interfere with the hand functions since these patients are greatly dependent on their hands for their daily activities.Patients and Methods: Fifty paraplegic patients (100 hands), whose level of spinal cord injury was below D2, and fifty normal control subjects were included in this study. All patients studied in this work had complete spinal cord injury and were stabled medically and neurologically.Clinical examination for the signs and symptoms of CTS as well as nerve conduction studies were carried out in both median and ulnar nerves for their sensory and motor components eliciting values for distal latencies for all patients and the control groups.Results: Thirty percent of the paraplegic patients (15 patients) had signs and symptoms consistent with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), and all of them had electrodiagnostic confirmation of this injury.Seventy percent of these paraplegic patients (35 patients) had no signs and symptoms suggestive of CTS, and only nearly about forty eight percent (17 patients) of them had only electrodiagnostic confirmation of CTS. Overall, 64% of the 50 paraplegic patients had CTS (32 patients). Nine paraplegic patients (18%) exhibiting bilateral CTS. Eight paraplegic patients (16%) had abnormal electrophysiological findings involving the ulnar nerve at the wrist and all of them had electrophysiological findings of CTS.There was a sharp increase in incidence of occurrence of CTS from 6.3% in the group 1 to 5 years from injury to 13.7% in the group 6 to 10 years, and to 25% in the group 11 to 15 years, and again a very big increase to 50% in the group 16 years and over from injury.Conclusion: Early testing of the median and ulnar nerve function, even in asymptomatic patients within the first 5 years of the injury, is recommended so for early detection, preventive and/or curative measures to be undertaken considering the fact that these patients are greatly dependent on their hands for their daily activities.