bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The promise of political blackness? Contesting blackness, challenging whiteness and the silencing of racism: A review article
Authors: Abbas Madeline-Sophie
Published: March 2019

This article reviews three books that examine black discourses and perspectives on whiteness and delineate the negative impacts of structural, institutional and interpersonal racism on the life chances and inclusion of people of colour within the national imaginary through both epistemic and material violences. The books explore practices of silencing which surround racism, facilitated by post-racial and colour blind frames which deny people of colour’s lived experiences of racism: Eddo-Lodge’s Why I’m No Longer Talking to White People About Race; Hirsch’s Brit(ish): On Race, Identity and Belonging and Andrews’ Back to Black: Retelling Black Radicalism for the 21st Century. The review focuses on the British context. It explores the politics of place and the journeys undertaken by those marked as racially Other to belong and the recuperative potential of a form of intersectional politics as a means of understanding and navigating how we might overcome divisions between differentially marginalised groups to challenge the system of racism premised on white privilege and dominance more effectively. It concludes with arguing that a politics of discomfort is required to dislodge white privilege from its seat of comfort.
Stories of moving on HASS PhD graduates’ motivations and career trajectories inside and beyond academia
Authors: Guerin Cally
Published: March 2019

It is widely accepted that the academic job market is very limited and unlikely to expand any time soon, yet enrolments in PhDs continue to rise. If the PhD is no longer preparation for academia, where do these graduates go on completing their degrees? This study of Australian PhD graduates in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences (HASS) explores motivations to undertake a research degree, their experiences of academia, and their current employment. These personalised narratives reveal the impact and value of doctoral education on the employment trajectories of HASS PhD graduates in non-academic careers. These stories uncover both the ‘cruel optimism’ and positive employment outcomes experienced by HASS doctorate holders. It is argued that commencing PhD candidates should be encouraged from the outset to seriously consider their doctorate as preparation for careers beyond academia; rather than being ‘failed academics,’ these graduates succeed as high-level knowledge workers.
Sex differences in the contributions of spinal atypical PKCs and downstream targets to the maintenance of nociceptive sensitization
Authors: George Nicole C , Laferrière André , Coderre Terence J
Published: March 2019

Background

Chronic pain has been shown to depend on nociceptive sensitization in the spinal cord, and while multiple mechanisms involved in the initiation of plastic changes have been established, the molecular targets which maintain spinal nociceptive sensitization are still largely unknown. Building upon the established neurobiology underlying the maintenance of long-term potentiation in the hippocampus, this present study investigated the contributions of spinal atypical protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms PKCι/λ and PKMζ and their downstream targets (p62/GluA1 and NSF/GluA2 interactions, respectively) to the maintenance of spinal nociceptive sensitization in male and female rats.

Results

Pharmacological inhibition of atypical PKCs by ZIP reversed established allodynia produced by repeated intramuscular acidic saline injections in male animals only, replicating previously demonstrated sex differences. Inhibition of both PKCι/λ and downstream substrates p62/GluA1 resulted in male-specific reversals of intramuscular acidic saline-induced allodynia, while female animals continued to display allodynia. Inhibition of NSF/GluA2, the downstream target to PKMζ, reversed allodynia induced by intramuscular acidic saline in both sexes. Neither PKCι/λ, p62/GluA1 or NSF/GluA2 inhibition had any effect on formalin response for either sex.

Conclusion

This study provides novel behavioural evidence for the male-specific role of PKCι/λ and downstream target p62/GluA1, highlighting the potential influence of ongoing afferent input. The sexually divergent pathways underlying persistent pain are shown here to converge at the interaction between NSF and the GluA2 subunit of the AMPA receptor. Although this interaction is thought to be downstream of PKMζ in males, these findings and previous work suggest that females may rely on a factor independent of atypical PKCs for the maintenance of spinal nociceptive sensitization.
Shaping Girls: Analyzing Animated Female Body Shapes
Authors: Rowe Rebecca
Published: March 2019

The debate over whether television and film affect girls’ body image has been contentious. Researchers argue that film and television negatively affect, only partially affect, or do not affect girls’ body image. These studies have one common limitation: they approach animated female bodies as if they are the same because they are, mostly, thin. In this project, the author seeks to extend and complicate this existing scholarship by analyzing bodies in 67 films produced by several American animation studios from 1989 through 2016. In this study, she classifies 239 female characters as one of four body types: Hourglass, Pear, Rectangle, or Inverted Triangle. Her argument is two-fold: (1) over the last 30 years, there has been a shift from a singular dominant shape (Hourglass) to the dominance of several body shapes (especially Pear and Rectangle); and (2) young girls may be affected by characters their own age who have been largely ignored in studies thus far. The author argues that young girls see diverse images of bodies rather than the singular image that scholars study. Girls’ body image may be affected by animation, but animated images are so diverse that this effect may be difficult to determine. A more nuanced understanding of the body shapes animation utilizes may allow researchers to study the more complex messages that girls do or do not internalize.
Rocko’s Magic Capitalism: Commodity Fetishism in the Magical Realism of Rocko’s Modern Life
Authors: Golding David
Published: March 2019

This article presents a textual analysis of the Nickelodeon animated series Rocko’s Modern Life. Drawing from the theories of Guy Debord and Imamura Taihei, the series is posited as a revelatory lens into the spiritual crisis of late capitalism. The author then argues that the series employs magical realism to depict an animist capitalism in which the fetishization of commodities literally brings them to life. The show’s characters experience the alienation of labour as the draining of their spirit, haunting their workplaces as dead labour reanimated through the necromancy of commodity fetishism. As consumers, the characters attempt to recapture the enervated agency of their alienated selves by populating their lives with commodities. Ultimately, they are unable to find meaningful agency and spiritual fulfilment amidst the distributed agency of animated commodities. Despite its often problematic engagement with both indigeneity and animism, this close analysis of Rocko’s Modern Life supports Imamura’s theory that Western animation appropriates elements of indigenous animism to bring dead labour back to life in the form of fetishized commodities. It also suggests further research into the interconnection and contestation between capitalist animism and indigenous animism within animation.
Long-term use of proton-pump inhibitors and risk of gastric cancer: a review of the current evidence
Authors: Cheung Ka Shing , Leung Wai K.
Published: March 2019

Gastric cancer remains one of the leading cancers in the world with a high mortality, particularly in East Asia. Helicobacter pylori infection accounts for the majority of the noncardia gastric cancers by triggering gastric inflammation and subsequent neoplastic progression. Eradication of H. pylori can reduce, but not totally eliminate, subsequent risk of developing gastric cancer. Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the most widely prescribed medications worldwide. With their profound gastric-acid suppression, there are concerns about a possible carcinogenic role in gastric cancer, due to induced hypergastrinemia, gastric atrophy and bacterial overgrowth in the stomach. While randomized clinical trials to establish causality between long-term PPI use and gastric cancer are lacking, current evidence based on observational studies suggests PPIs are associated with an increased gastric cancer risk. However, opinions on causality remain divergent due to unmeasured and possible residual confounding in various studies. Our recent study has showed that even after H. pylori eradication, long-term PPI use is still associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer by more than twofold. Hence, long-term PPIs should be used judiciously after considering individual’s risk–benefit profile, particularly among those with history of H. pylori infection. Further well-designed prospective studies are warranted to confirm the potential role of PPIs in gastric cancer according to baseline gastric histology and its interaction with other chemopreventive agents like aspirin, statins and metformin.
Restrictive measures in the fights against terrorism: The UN System and the European Courts
Authors: Vestergaard Jørn
Published: March 2019

This article deals with the question of protecting fundamental rights when imposing restrictive measures on individuals or entities in the fight against international terrorism. It is maintained that despite a bold effort by the European Courts to strike a fair balance, there remains a lack of adequate procedural rules.
Osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells from rat mandible to regenerate critical sized calvarial defect
Authors: Lee Dong Joon , Kwon Jane , Current Luke , Yoon Kun , Zalal Rahim , Hu Xiangxiang , Xue Peng , Ko Ching-Chang
Published: March 2019

Although bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively explored in bone tissue engineering, only few studies using mesenchymal stem cells from mandible (M-MSCs) have been reported. However, mesenchymal stem cells from mandible have the potential to be as effective as femur-derived mesenchymal stem cells (F-MSCs) in regenerating bone, especially in the orofacial regions, which share embryonic origin, proximity, and accessibility. M-MSCs were isolated and characterized using mesenchymal stem cell–specific markers, colony forming assay, and multi-potential differentiation. In vitro osteogenic potential, including proliferation, osteogenic gene expression, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization, was examined and compared. Furthermore, in vivo bone formations of F-MSCs and M-MSCs in rat critical sized defect were evaluated using microCT and histology. M-MSCs from rat could be successfully isolated and expanded while preserving their MSC’s characteristics. M-MSCs demonstrated a comparable proliferation and mineralization potentials and in vivo bone formation as F-MSCs. M-MSCs is a promising cell source candidate for craniofacial bone tissue engineering.
Reflections on Navigating Climate’s Human Geographies
Authors: Bulkeley Harriet
Published: March 2019

In this reflection, I take up a variety of open questions and remaining concerns raised by the set of commentaries concerning the implications of the paper for: how we regard climate change as an issue; how knowledge systems might be changed to enable more diverse ways of knowing climate change to take root; and for its politics.
Articulating value and missing links in ‘Geographies of Dissociation’
Authors: Havice Elizabeth , Pickles John
Published: March 2019

In the spirit of Ibert et al.’s ‘Geographies of Dissociation: Value Creation, “Dark” Places, and “Missing” Links’, we briefly suggest several ways in which ‘Geographies of Dissociation’ itself elides certain crucial issues in the cultural economies of value. The first relates to the need to develop more fully and concretely the relational spatialities of globally networked production. The second follows from this by suggesting that, in order to consolidate its argument of lacunae and elisions, the article overlooks or downplays crucial elements in the work of global value chain research, cultural studies and broader cultural-economic geography, and value theory that have—in their own ways—developed complex analyses of the spatial articulations of governance, ownership, branding, and the production of value. We conclude by returning to Marx’s value theory of labor (not to be confused with Ricardian labor theory of value) to suggest that a more direct question about what drives systems of cultural valuation in the context of networked production might enable the authors to advance the development of a dissociative geography.
Relationship with children and the psychological well-being of the elderly in Indonesia
Authors: Almira Litha , Hanum Lathifah , Menaldi Adhityawarman
Published: March 2019

Objective:

Many older adults in Indonesia live with their children. This study examined the relationship between the quality of the relationship that elderly parents may have with their children living with them and any effects on psychological well-being.

Methods:

Relationship quality encompasses positive and negative aspects. This study employed convenience sampling and to reach 102 elderly participants. A measure of positive and negative social exchanges was used to measure the relationship between elderly parents and their children. Ryff’s Scale of Psychological Well-Being was utilized to measure the psychological well-being of the subjects. We used descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, an independent t-test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to assess the statistics produced.

Results:

The primary results showed no correlation between the positive qualities of the relationship and psychological well-being ( r = 0.092, p > 0.01). However, the negative qualities of the relationship were negatively correlated with psychological well-being ( r = −0.335, p < 0.01).

Conclusion:

Thus, negative qualities of relationships with their children were found to be more impactful on psychological well-being than positive qualities in elderly parents who maintain coresidence with their children. This means that the greater the lack of sympathy, intrusion, failure to provide needed help, and rejection/neglect from the child, the worse the psychological well-being of the elderly parent.
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and the Perception of General Health among Male Law Enforcement Officers: Encouraging Behavioral Change
Authors: Ramey Sandra L.
Published: March 2019

The relationship among cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity, risk factors (including stress), and the perception of health among male law enforcement officers (LEOs) compared to men in the general population were examined in this study. Self reported prevalence of CVD and CVD risk factors among currently employed male LEOs from nine states (n = 2,818) were compared to those of other men in the same states (n = 9,650 for CVD risk factors, n = 3,147 for CVD prevalence). Perceived stress in LEOs was assessed to determine if it affected the relationship between CVD prevalence and CVD risk factors. Cross tabulated simple percentages showed CVD was less prevalent in the LEO group than among the general population. The best predictor variables for CVD were perceived stress, time in the profession, and hypertension. The LEO group had greater prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, overweight, and tobacco use than the general population. However, a greater percentage of LEOs perceived their health as “good to excellent” compared to men in the general population. Using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) it was determined that perceived stress was associated with CVD in the LEO group and three CVD risk factors (i.e., cholesterol, hypertension, physical activity) were significantly affected by perceived stress. Among susceptible officers, stress may contribute to CVD development as well as potentiate several CVD risk factors. However, an apparent lack of association exists between perception of general health and CVD risk in LEOs.
What are Some of the Challenges in Case Management and how have you Handled Them?
Authors: Tourigian Robin
Published: March 2019

Case Management Update appears as part of Clinical Rounds in the Journal. The panel approach provides a forum for sharing ideas, viewpoints, and perspectives. Panel members come with expertise from a variety of case management arenas and have agreed to share their opinions and perspectives in response to specific questions or scenarios. Opinions and perspectives are those of the panel members, and do not necessarily represent the views of the AAOHN, the Editor, or the Publisher. We encourage readers to submit their questions or scenarios for the Panel. This month's Panel member is Robin Tourigian.
I Prepare
Authors: Paranzino Grace K. , Butterfield Patricia , Nastoff Teresa , Ranger Cherryll
Published: March 2019

The I PREPARE environmental exposure history mnemonic is a quick reference tool created for primary care providers. Health care providers ( N = 159) were asked to evaluate a prototype mnemonic, to suggest new health history questions, and to propose the deletion of less relevant questions. The goal of this evaluation was to create a practical and clinically relevant mnemonic, rather than to obtain quantitative estimates of validity. The final I PREPARE mnemonic cues the provider to “Investigate potential exposures;” ask questions related to “Present work,” “Residence,” “Environmental concerns,” “Past work,” and “Activities;” provide “Referrals and resources;” and “Educate” the patient by reviewing a checklist of strategies to prevent or minimize exposures. The sequence of I PREPARE makes intuitive sense by cueing the provider to ask specific questions and provide educational materials to the patient. National improvements in the quality of environmental exposure history data are predicated in part on the creation of simple and convenient tools for use in clinical practice.
How are Community Resources Used in Case Management?
Authors: Haag Annette B. , Kalina Christine M. , Tourigian Robin
Published: March 2019

Case Management Update appears as part of Clinical Rounds in the Journal. The panel approach provides a forum for sharing ideas, viewpoints, and perspectives. Panel members come with expertise from a variety of case management arenas and have agreed to share their opinions and perspectives in response to specific questions or scenarios. Opinions and perspectives are those of the panel members, and do not necessarily represent the views of the AAOHN, the Editor, or the Publisher. We encourage readers to submit their questions or scenarios for the Panel. This month's Panel members include Annette B. Haag, Christine M. Kalina, and Robin Tourigian.
Work-Related Violence Policy: A Process Evaluation
Authors: Findorff Mary J. , McGovern Patricia M. , Sinclair Sharon
Published: March 2019

This study describes one employer's approach to evaluating employees' knowledge of a violence prevention policy and experience with work-related physical and non-physical violence. A cross-sectional design was used to collect data from a random sample of current and former employees of a Midwest health care organization via a specially designed mailed questionnaire and the employer's internal database. While 7% of employees reported experiencing physical violence in the workplace, almost half of all employees had experienced non-physical violence. Most employees were aware of the organization's violence policy; however, few reported violence or used organizational resources (e.g., employee health) following the violence. Employees experienced symptoms and productivity losses in association with both types of violence. Process evaluations are an effective means of evaluating whether violence policies are used as intended and can provide organizations with considerable information to make effective programmatic changes.
Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Two Employees at a Skilled Nursing Facility: Screening and Treatment Protocols
Authors: Dillon Keira , Herip Donald , Petersen Ellen
Published: March 2019

In 2004, two employees in a skilled nursing facility developed active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Both employees were purified protein derivative (PPD) test positive for more than 10 years before developing the disease. Four employees converted to positive PPD status during the exposure investigation—two at baseline and two at the 12-week follow up. No additional cases of active TB were found. Several changes and additions have been made to the TB screening protocol after these two index cases were discovered.
Rural Community Leaders' Perceptions of Environmental Health Risks
Authors: Larsson Laura S. , Butterfield Patricia , Christopher Suzanne , Hill Wade
Published: March 2019

Qualitative description was used to explore how rural community leaders frame, interpret, and give meaning to environmental health issues affecting their constituents and communities. Six rural community leaders discussed growth, vulnerable families, and the action avoidance strategies they use or see used in lieu of adopting health-promoting behaviors. Findings suggest intervention strategies should be economical, use common sense, be sensitive to regional identity, and use local case studies and “inside leadership.” Occupational health nurses addressing the disparate environmental health risks in rural communities are encouraged to use agenda-neutral, scientifically based risk communication efforts and foster collaborative relationships among nurses, planners, industry, and other community leaders.
Friction-Reducing Devices for Lateral Patient Transfers
Authors: Lloyd John D. , Baptiste Andrea
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of friction-reducing devices used for lateral patient transfers. A mannequin used to represent a dependent patient was transferred laterally from bed to stretcher. One male investigator repeated this task using 11 comparable lateral transfer aids or techniques. Applied force was measured using a dynamometer; postural analysis was prepared from still photography. Mean applied force, spinal forces, and population strength capabilities were calculated. The most efficacious mechanism for lateral patient transfers had extendable pull straps, low-friction material, and optimally located handles. Findings of this study will aid occupational health and safety clinicians and hospital-based caregivers in the selection of appropriate technologies to be used during lateral patient transfers. These devices improve patient safety and reduce the risk of back injury to caregivers.
Health Risks among High-Mobility Families
Authors: Tompkins Olga S.
Published: March 2019

Occupational health nurses should provide awareness training, information management, and practical solutions for high-mobility families.
Workplace Incivility and Productivity Losses among Direct Care Staff
Authors: Strasser Patricia B. , Hutton Scott , Gates Donna
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine incivility experienced by direct health care staff in their workplaces. The sample ( N = 184) was 91 % female and 77% White, with 71% of the participants having earned an associate degree or above and 81% being registered nurses. The Work Limitations Questionnaire and the Incivility in Healthcare Survey were distributed to all direct care staff at a major metropolitan hospital (22% response rate). Correlations were found between workplace incivility from direct supervisors and productivity ( r = 0.284, p = .000) and workplace incivility from patients and productivity ( r = 0.204, p = .006). Incivility from physicians, incivility from other direct care staff, and general environmental incivility were not shown to be significantly related to productivity. Demographics were not related to levels of workplace incivility. Workplace incivility from patients and management appears to have a greater impact on employees' productivity than workplace incivility from other sources.
Occupational Health Nurse Practitioners' Roles in Workers' Compensation
Authors: Childre Frances , Foster Donna
Published: March 2019

The occupational health nurse practitioner is an integral part of coordinating care for the injured or ill worker. Decisions regarding whether an injury or illness is related to work are based on the practitioner's diagnosis and reports of the worker's progress. Understanding workers' compensation laws will enable the practitioner to provide efficient care for the worker.
Maintaining Vaccine Effectiveness in Occupational Health Clinics
Authors: Rittle Chad , Childre Frances
Published: March 2019

Research has documented that many clinics are not handling and storing vaccines according to recommended standards. Adherence to these standards can ensure that vaccines maintain their efficacy and prevent disease.
Reflections on the Culture of Veterans
Authors: Hobbs Keynan
Published: March 2019

Veterans, as a cultural group, present unique challenges to health care providers. Veteran culture includes health inequalities and health disparities related to posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and substance abuse that must be understood in context to provide the best care possible to this population. Veterans are not, however, frequently viewed in terms of culturally competent nursing care. Changes in the approach to this population are necessary to provide effective, comprehensive, and compassionate care.
In the Line of Fire
Authors: Zeitzer Mindy B. , Brooks J. Margo
Published: March 2019

Soldiers returning home from Iraq are experiencing an increased number of head injuries related to blasts and explosions compared to soldiers of previous conflicts. These injuries are often undetected until the soldiers return home and have difficulty functioning as they did prior to the war. It is therefore important for occupational health nurses to understand blast injury, its pathophysiology, methods for detecting traumatic brain injury, and how these soldiers can be treated.
How Can Cases with Mental Health Overlay Be Effectively Managed?
Authors: Coupland Michael , Schroeder Mark
Published: March 2019

The panel approach provides a forum for sharing ideas, viewpoints, and perspectives. Panel members come with expertise from a variety of case management arenas and have agreed to share their opinions and perspectives in response to specific questions or scenarios. Opinions and perspectives are those of the panel members, and do not necessarily represent the views of AAOHN, the Editor, or the Publisher. We encourage readers to submit their questions or scenarios for the panel. This month's panel members are Michael Coupland and Mark Schroeder.
Identifying Variables That Predict Falling Asleep at the Wheel among Long-Haul Truck Drivers
Authors: Heaton Karen , Browning Steven , Anderson Debra
Published: March 2019

Analysis of data from 843 long-haul truck drivers was conducted to determine the variables that predicted falling asleep at the wheel. Demographics, sleep-specific questions, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale were used for analysis. More than 25% of the participants ( n = 247) scored 10 or higher on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, indicating chronic sleepiness. Eight initial predictor variables were included in the logistic regression analysis. Four of the eight original variables were retained in the final model to predict falling asleep at the wheel within the past 12 months. Four variables were retained in the final model to predict falling asleep at the wheel within the past 30 days. Screening for excessive sleepiness using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and an extensive history of medication use should be conducted for all long-haul truck drivers.
Promoting Health and Safety for Traveling and Commuting Employees
Authors: Strasser Patricia B. , Pochat-Debroux Sophia
Published: March 2019

In a society that relies on a growing market economy and free enterprise, Americans spend inordinate time commuting and traveling for work. Aircraft and private vehicles are the two primary modes of work-related travel, with each having its own inherit risks and hazards. Although much has been written about international travel health, little has been published about protecting the health and safety of workers during domestic business travel. The intent of this article is to highlight the statistics associated with domestic business travel and present sound rationale for an inclusive and comprehensive domestic travel health and safety program for employees.
Distribution of Over-the-Counter Medications in the Workplace
Authors: Childre Frances , Humphrey Heidi L. , Gruber Carla R.
Published: March 2019

Occupational health nurses can use dispensing models to assist their companies in generating revenue, decreasing liability, and facilitating appropriate medication choices by employees.
Occupational Health Nurses and Workers' Compensation Insurance Programs
Authors: Zichello Christine , Sheridan Jim
Published: March 2019

Today's occupational health nurse is likely a clinician, educator, case manager, consultant, and risk manager. Occupational health nurses improve working conditions, prevent injuries, reduce insurance-related costs, and rehabilitate workers. They not only develop health service programs taking into account both the welfare of workers and the organization's bottom line, they also make budgetary and staffing recommendations for the programs' implementation. Occupational health nurses must understand their organizations' workers' compensation insurance programs, how these programs work, and how nurses can maximize the companies' worker advantages and bottom line.
Part I. Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Dugan Susan
Published: March 2019

Bariatric surgery improves the quality of life for most individuals. This article briefly discusses these surgeries and associated complications.
Sharp Object Injuries among Health Care Workers in a Chinese Province
Authors: Chen Liang , Zhang Min , Yan YanSheng , Miao JianYing , Lin He , Zhang YanQing , Wang HuangQiang , Du XieYi , Li Tao
Published: March 2019

Health care workers in nine hospitals in Fujian were surveyed between December 2005 and February 2006 regarding the occurrence of sharp object injuries (SOIs). Survey results indicated that 71.3% of the health care workers had sustained SOIs during the past year. The rates of SOIs among surgeons, nurses, anesthesiologists, and clinical laboratory workers were 68.7%, 76.9%, 88.1%, and 40.2%, respectively. Approximately 50% of the SOIs occurred while devices were being used. Disposable syringes caused most of the injuries. A lack of protective and safe devices, heavy workloads, and carelessness contributed to SOIs. SOIs can be reduced among health care workers by decreasing unnecessary manipulation, using safety devices, disposing of used objects properly, and reasonably allocating workloads.
Evaluation of Menopausal Interventions at a Japanese Company
Authors: Ariyoshi Hiromi
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the impact of interventions for menopausal symptoms among employees at a newspaper company in Japan and to clarify the role of the occupational health nurse. Since 2000, the company has focused on creating a comfortable work environment for its female employees. As part of this effort, this research study also aimed to evaluate a system to support employees experiencing menopausal symptoms. Methods of evaluation included surveys of current employees or former employees with symptoms of menopause and case studies of three women. As a result of these data, it became clear that differentiating between menopausal disorders and mental health issues was not always easy. However, comparisons before and after implementing changes in the health system revealed that the number of women describing symptoms of menopause decreased from 5 to 0, and the number of women retiring, dying while still employed, or taking more than 4 days of sick leave in a month decreased from 3 to 0. This research revealed that interventions for menopause, similar to mental health interventions, require specific human resources and systemic support.
Tuberculosis Testing Update
Authors: Olga S. Tompkins
Published: March 2019

Global occupational health nurses can choose from several options to address specific noncompliance challenges that prevent accurate tuberculosis testing and interpretation.
What's in a Word?
Authors: Lukes Eileen N. , Fioritto Elizabeth Lukes , Strasser Patricia B.
Published: March 2019

Words provide meaning to concepts, but misuse of common terms can result in distorted understanding of concepts. Medicine and nursing are separate professions. Medical care and health care are distinct terms that are often used interchangeably. This article discusses terminology in light of the history of nursing, and provides recommendations to occupational health nurses for discussing these concepts with the public and other health professionals.
Business Impact of Nurse-Designed Training for Claims Case Managers
Authors: Gleason Alexander , Berryman Phyllis , Lukes Eileen
Published: March 2019

Teaching is a fundamental role of occupational health nurses. The primary purpose of any training is to change behavior. Time, resources, money, and personnel required for effective training are in short supply. Occupational health nurses must be able to quantify the effect of their training for business leaders to increase occupational health nurse funding. This article details how to calculate the business impact of training conducted by occupational health nurses. Two separate groups of claims case managers were evaluated for best practice scores. One group was trained by an occupational health nurse to determine occupational injury or illness causality. Best practice scores were analyzed 4 months later. A 14% difference was observed between the trained group and the control group. Occupational health nurses can quantify the effect their training has and use those results to improve their training and secure more resources from business leaders.
Delivering Ideal Employee Experiences
Authors: Weiss Marjorie D. , Tyink Steve , Kubiak Curt , Strasser Patricia B.
Published: March 2019

Employee-centric strategies have moved from employee satisfaction and brand awareness to employee “affinity” or “attachment.” In today's marketplace, occupational health nurses understand that differentiation (i.e., the perception of uniqueness) is the direct result of superior employee interactions, which lead to better employee care, enduring employee relationships, loyal employees, and satisfied employers. What drives employees to occupational health nurse attachment? The answer is a passion for rising above the competition to create ideal employee experiences.
Work Environment Stressors, Social Support, Anxiety, and Depression among Secondary School Teachers
Authors: Mahan Pamela L. , Mahan Michael P. , Park Na-Jin , Shelton Christie , Brown Kathleen C. , Weaver Michael T.
Published: March 2019

Work environment stress, a salient health and safety issue for secondary school teachers, school administrators, parents, and students, was examined in 168 teachers from two urban and five suburban high schools. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between ongoing and episodic stressors and anxiety and depression, as well as the extent to which anxiety and depression may be predicted by stressors and coworker and supervisor support. The Ongoing Stressor Scale (OSS) and the Episodic Stressor Scale (ESS), the Coworker and Supervisor Contents of Communication Scales (COCS), the State Anxiety Inventory (S-Anxiety), and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) were used to measure the variables. Ongoing and episodic stressors were significantly and positively associated with anxiety and depression. Ongoing stressors and coworker support were significant in explaining anxiety and depression among secondary school teachers. Coworker support had an inverse relationship to anxiety and depression.
Worksite-Induced Morbidities among Truck Drivers in the United States
Authors: Apostolopoulos Yorghos , Sönmez Sevil , Shattell Mona M. , Belzer Michael
Published: March 2019

A critical review was conducted of social, psychological, and health science literature on the array of health risks and morbidities of truckers. Multilevel worksite-induced strains (e.g., long work hours and fatigue, shift work and sleep deprivation, postural fatigue and exposure to noise and vibration, sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy diet, exposure to diesel exhaust fumes, and other occupational stressors) were categorized into six primary morbidities for truckers: (1) psychological and psychiatric disorders; (2) detriments resulting from disrupted biological cycles; (3) musculoskeletal disorders; (4) cancer and respiratory morbidities; (5) cardiovascular disease; and (6) risk-laden substance use and sexual practices. Elevated morbidity risks suggest the need for the design and implementation of systematic epidemiological research and environmental interventions in the transport sector.
Work Safety during Early Fatherhood
Authors: Mellor Gary , St John Winsome
Published: March 2019

Fathers are increasingly expected to engage in infant care. The early postpartum period has been described as a time when work-family conflict, lack of sleep, and fatigue are prominent themes. Research has demonstrated that these themes can have a deleterious effect on work safety. Lack of sleep and fatigue have been linked to workplace accidents, yet few studies have specifically investigated work-family conflict, sleep, and fatigue among men with infants. The need exists to specifically study and measure work-family conflict, sleep deprivation, and fatigue in relation to early fatherhood. Such research could have a direct effect on occupational health nursing practice.
Vaccine Cold Chain: Part 1. Proper Handling and Storage of Vaccine
Authors: Rogers Bonnie , Dennison Kim , Adepoju Nikki , Dowd Shelia , Uedoi Kenneth
Published: March 2019

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that professionals in clinic settings may not be adequately storing and handling vaccine, leading to insufficient immunity of vaccinated individuals. This article provides information about proper cold chain storage and handling of vaccine and offers resources to begin, or reinforce, proper procedures in the occupational health unit to secure an effective immunization program.
Effectiveness of Bullying and Violence Prevention Programs
Authors: Stagg Sharon J. , Sheridan Daniel
Published: March 2019

Workplace bullying is a significant occupational health problem worldwide. Nurses are vulnerable to workplace bullying. During interactions with staff nurses, occupational health nurses have crucial opportunities to identify victims of workplace bullying and provide effective techniques for preventing and managing workplace bullying behaviors. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify best practices for preventing and managing workplace bullying among staff nurses. The best method found to control and stop workplace bullying involves cognitive rehearsal of responses to common bullying behaviors. Translation of the 3-hour workplace bullying prevention and management program is discussed.
Preparing for the 2010–2011 Influenza Season
Authors: Litchfield Sheila M.
Published: March 2019

This article addresses the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations for 2010–2011 seasonal influenza vaccination campaigns, identifies lessons learned, outlines new recommendations for preventing and controlling influenza this year, and encourages implementing flu vaccine clinics in the workplace.
Substance Abuse among Registered Nurses
Authors: Epstein Patricia M. , Burns Candace , Conlon Helen Acree
Published: March 2019

The stressful conditions under which nurses work, due in part to the nursing shortage, are among the risk factors that contribute to nurses' abuse of illicit drugs. Nurses differ from the general population in that they work in an environment where they not only have access to controlled substances, but also are exposed to death and dying, the stress of which can increase the risk of drug abuse. However, practicing while impaired places patients' lives at risk and decreases staff morale.
Association Between Bone Marrow Lesions, Chondral Lesions, and Pain in Patients Without Radiographic Evidence of Degenerative Joint Disease Who Underwent Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy
Authors: Bisson Leslie J. , Phillips Paul , Matthews John , Zhou Zehua , Zhao Jiwei , Wind William M. , Fineberg Marc S. , Bernas Geoffrey A. , Rauh Michael A. , Marzo John M. , Kluczynski Melissa A.
Published: March 2019

Background:

Bone marrow lesions (BMLs) have been found on magnetic resonance imaging in patients with meniscal tears.

Purpose:

We sought to determine the prevalence and location of BMLs, the association between BMLs and chondral lesions, and the association between BMLs and pain in patients without radiographic evidence of degenerative joint disease who underwent arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM).

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

We performed a secondary analysis of the Chondral Lesions And Meniscus Procedures (ChAMP) randomized controlled trial. BMLs were assessed on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging, and chondral lesions were documented at the time of surgery. Pain was assessed preoperatively and at 1 year after APM using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). The chi-square test was used to examine the association between BMLs and chondral lesions, and the F test was used to examine the association between BMLs and pain.

Results:

Of 241 patients, 58.9% had ≥1 BMLs, and most were located on the medial tibial plateau (MTP; 74.6%) and/or medial femoral condyle (MFC; 28.9%). Most MTP BMLs were submeniscal (56%), and most MFC BMLs extended beyond the meniscus (73%). There were more MFC chondral lesions for patients with any MFC BMLs ( P = .01) and submeniscal MFC BMLs ( P = .02) versus those without BMLs, and there was no association between BMLs and chondral lesions on the MTP. There was also no association between BMLs and preoperative or postoperative pain scores.

Conclusion:

In patients without radiographic evidence of degenerative joint disease who underwent APM, BMLs were found in 58.9% of knees and were primarily located in the medial compartment. There was a borderline statistically significant association between BMLs and chondral lesions for the MFC; however, BMLs were not associated with pain scores preoperatively or at 1 year after surgery.
From the hydrosocial to the hydrocitizen: Water, place and subjectivity within emergent urban wetlands
Authors: Gearey Mary , Church Andrew , Ravenscroft Neil
Published: March 2019

This paper argues that the expansion of corporate social responsibility initiatives within the English water sector, and in particular the opening up of privately owned public spaces (POPS) in urban settings, have generated spatially fixed forms of human-environment relationships that we have termed ‘hydrocitizenships’. Utilising empirical fieldwork undertaken within an emergent wetland POPS, we suggest that these novel modes of citizen agency are primarily enacted through the performativity of volunteering, in multiple civic roles such as landscapers, citizen scientists, stewards and storytelling guides. Members of the local community thus effectively curate new civic subjectivities for themselves in response to the site and its organisation, by producing for themselves new modes of ‘hydrocitizenship’. These hybrid intertwined forms of practice prompt us to ask questions about the extent to which these apparently new forms of environmental citizenship are self-directed, or manipulated. As access, control over, and use of, water resources are a synecdoche of structural power relationships within contemporary neoliberal economies, we can go further to suggest that these blue-green POPS are emblematic of a new iteration of hydro-social relations in which water, place and subjectivity become the collateral through which new POPS are secured. For water companies seeking to deploy corporate social responsibility there is, then, a subtle two step move to be made, by building brand loyalty and then developing new forms of resource management in which local communities accept heightened levels of responsibility for sites to which they are offered recreational access. These emergent ‘hydrocitizenships’ thus encapsulate very specific geo-spatial subjectivities and performativities which lock in access to waterscapes with closely scripted conditionalities regarding activity and behaviour.
Hydroxyurea reduces cerebral metabolic stress in patients with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Fields Melanie E. , Guilliams Kristin P. , Ragan Dustin , Binkley Michael M. , Mirro Amy , Fellah Slim , Hulbert Monica L. , Blinder Morey , Eldeniz Cihat , Vo Katie , Shimony Joshua S. , Chen Yasheng , McKinstry Robert C. , An Hongyu , Lee Jin-Moo , Ford Andria L.
Published: March 2019

Chronic transfusion therapy (CTT) prevents stroke in selected patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA). We have shown that CTT mitigates signatures of cerebral metabolic stress, reflected by elevated oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), which likely drives stroke risk reduction. The region of highest OEF falls within the border zone, where cerebral blood flow (CBF) nadirs; OEF in this region was reduced after CTT. The neuroprotective efficacy of hydroxyurea (HU) remains unclear. To test our hypothesis that patients receiving HU therapy have lower cerebral metabolic stress compared with patients not receiving disease-modifying therapy, we prospectively obtained brain magnetic resonance imaging scans with voxel-wise measurements of CBF and OEF in 84 participants with SCA who were grouped by therapy: no disease-modifying therapy, HU, or CTT. There was no difference in whole-brain CBF among the 3 cohorts (P = .148). However, whole-brain OEF was significantly different (P < .001): participants without disease-modifying therapy had the highest OEF (median 42.9% [interquartile range (IQR) 39.1%-49.1%]), followed by HU treatment (median 40.7% [IQR 34.9%-43.6%]), whereas CTT treatment had the lowest values (median 35.3% [IQR 32.2%-38.9%]). Moreover, the percentage of white matter at highest risk for ischemia, defined by OEF greater than 40% and 42.5%, was lower in the HU cohort compared with the untreated cohort (P = .025 and P = .034 respectively), but higher compared with the CTT cohort (P = .018 and P = .029 respectively). We conclude that HU may offer neuroprotection by mitigating cerebral metabolic stress in patients with SCA, but not to the same degree as CTT.