bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Small Molecules Effective for Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Furfural and Its Derivatives
Authors: Vojtová Ivana , Leinweber Petr , Weidlich Tomáš
Published: November 2024

This review summarizes recent applications of small organic and inorganic molecules as catalysts or solvents (chemical hands and scissors) in the production of furfural (FA), 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF), and 5-(chloromethyl)furfural (CMF). The possible transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into a one-pot configuration and two-step technique based on the preliminary separation of hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose with the subsequent hydrolysis of separated polysaccharides is compared and discussed. Interestingly, these rather simple and cheap molecules are catalytically active and enable a high rate of conversion of polysaccharides into furfural and its derivatives. Usually, elevated pressure and reaction temperatures above 150 °C are necessary for effective hydrolysis and dehydration of in situ formed monosaccharides; nevertheless, ionic liquids or deep eutectic solvents enable a significant decrease in the reaction temperature and performance of the discussed process at ambient pressure.
Effect of N-Doped Carbon on the Morphology and Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) Activity of a Xerogel-Derived Mn(II)O Electrocatalyst
Authors: Peera Shaik Gouse , Koutavarapu Ravindranadh , Prasada Reddy P. Siva , Koyyada Ganesh , Alodhayb Abdullah N. , Pandiaraj Saravanan , Kim Seung Won , Tamtam Mohan Rao
Published: November 2024

This work synthesizes a xerogel from a sol–gel synthesis strategy and supports it on N-doped carbon support from spent coffee biomass (Mn(II)O/N-CC, hereafter MnO) as an efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst in alkaline electrolytes. The effects of N-CC carbon content on MnO nanoparticle size, dispersion, distribution, morphology, and electrochemistry on ORR are discussed. The SEM and TEM measurements show that increasing the N-CC content during the MnO gelation reaction improved MnO dispersion and particle size during thermal treatment, increasing the ORR’s electrochemical active surface area. Several physiochemical and electrochemical characterizations show a clear relationship between N-CC catalysts and ORR activities. The best catalyst, MnO/N-CC-5, had an even distribution of 27 nm MnO nanoparticles on the N-CC support. The MnO/N-CC-5 catalyst had almost identical ORR kinetics and stability to those of the state-of-the-art Pt/C catalyst in 0.1 M KOH electrolytes, losing only 10 mV in half-wave potential after 5000 potential cycles and retaining 96% of current for over 10 h of continuous chronoamperometric stability. By measuring the electrochemical active surface areas of various catalysts by cyclic voltammetry at different scan rates and measuring the double layer capacitance (Cdl) and ECSA, MnO/N-CC-5 catalysts were shown to have enhanced ORR activity. The XPS analysis explains the ORR activity in terms of the Mn3+/Mn4+ ratio, and a mechanism was proposed. These findings suggest that the MnO/N-CC-5 catalyst could be a cathode catalyst in fuel cells, biofuel cells, metal–air batteries, and other energy conversion devices.
Modeling Lymphoma Angiogenesis, Lymphangiogenesis, and Vessel Co-Option, and the Effects of Inhibition of Lymphoma–Vessel Interactions with an αCD20-EndoP125A Antibody Fusion Protein
Authors: Elledge Christian , Zhang Yu , Shin Seung-Uon , Cho Hyun-Mi , Ramakrishnan Sundaram , Sankar Ankita , Chapman Jennifer R. , Bilbao Daniel , Das Rathin , Gil-Henn Hava , Lossos Izidore S. , Rosenblatt Joseph D.
Published: November 2024

Lymphoma growth, progression, and dissemination require tumor cell interaction with supporting vessels and are facilitated through tumor-promoted angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and/or lymphoma vessel co-option. Vessel co-option has been shown to be responsible for tumor initiation, metastasis, and resistance to anti-angiogenic treatment but is largely uncharacterized in the setting of lymphoma. We developed an in vitro model to study lymphoma–vessel interactions and found that mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells co-cultured on Matrigel with human umbilical vein (HUVEC) or human lymphatic (HLEC) endothelial cells migrate to and anneal with newly formed capillary-like (CLS) or lymphatic-like (LLS) structures, consistent with lymphoma–vessel co-option. To inhibit this interaction, we constructed an antibody fusion protein, αCD20-EndoP125A, linking mutant anti-angiogenic endostatin (EndoP125A) to an αCD20-IgG1-targeting antibody. αCD20-EndoP125A inhibited both CLS and LLS formation, as well as MCL migration and vessel co-option. Lymphoma vessel co-option requires cell migration, which is regulated by chemokine–chemokine receptor interactions. CXCL12 and its receptor, CXCR4, are highly expressed by both endothelial cells forming CLS and by MCL cells during vessel co-option. αCD20-EndoP125A suppressed expression of both CXCL12 and CXCR4, which were required to facilitate CLS assembly and vessel co-option. We also tested αCD20-EndoP125A effects in vivo using an aggressive murine B cell lymphoma model, 38c13-hCD20, which demonstrated rapid growth and dissemination to tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) and the spleen, lung, and brain. The pattern of lymphoma distribution and growth within the lung was consistent with vessel co-option. As predicted by our in vitro model, αCD20-EndoP125A treatment inhibited primary tumor growth, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis, and markedly reduced the number of circulating tumor cells and lymphoma dissemination to TDLNs and the lungs, spleen, and brain. αCD20-EndoP125A inhibited lymphoma vessel co-option within the lung. Marked inhibition of MCL primary tumor growth and dissemination were also seen using an MCL xenograft model. The ability of αCD20-EndoP125A to inhibit angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and lymphoma vessel co-option provides a novel therapeutic approach for inhibition of lymphoma progression and dissemination.
Exploring the Relationship Between Electrical Characteristics and Changes in Chemical Composition and Structure of OSG Low-K Films Under Thermal Annealing
Authors: Gerelt-Od Mungunsuvd , Kolesnikova Tatiana G. , Mokrushev Pavel A. , Vishnevskiy Alexey S. , Vorotilov Konstantin A. , Gismatulin Andrei A. , Gritsenko Vladimir A. , Baklanov Mikhail R.
Published: November 2024

The influence of annealing temperature on the chemical, structural, and electrophysical properties of porous OSG low-k films containing terminal methyl groups was investigated. The films were deposited via spin coating, followed by drying at 200 °C and annealing at temperatures ranging from 350 °C to 900 °C. In the temperature range of 350–450 °C, thermal degradation of surfactants occurs along with the formation of a silicon-oxygen framework, which is accompanied by an increase in pore radius from 1.2 nm to 1.5 nm. At 600–700 °C, complete destruction of methyl groups occurs, leading to the development of micropores. FTIR spectroscopy reveals that after annealing at 700 °C, the concentration of silanol groups and water reaches its maximum. By 900 °C, open porosity is no longer observed, and the film resembles dense SiO2. JV measurements show that the film annealed at 450 °C exhibits minimal leakage currents, approximately 5 × 10−11 A/cm2 at 700 kV/cm. This can be attributed to the near-complete removal of surfactant residues and non-condensed silanols, along with non-critical thermal degradation of methyl groups. Leakage current models obtained at various annealing temperatures suggest that the predominant charge carrier transfer mechanism is Poole–Frenkel emission.
Current Trends in the Surgical Management of Yolk Sac Tumors
Authors: Wojtyś Małgorzata Edyta , Kostopanagiotou Konstantinos , Kordykiewicz Dawid , Skórka Patryk , Gkioulekas Alexandros Polykarpos , Guimarães Dourado Julia Augusta , Wójcik Janusz , Tomos Periklis
Published: November 2024

Mediastinal yolk sac tumors (YST) constitute a highly malignant subtype of primary non-seminomatous germ cell tumors, which are often locally advanced and unresectable at diagnosis. Due to their rarity and aggressiveness, there is not yet a standard optimal treatment approach. A widely employed multimodal strategy involves neoadjuvant cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy followed by consolidation surgery. Tumor infiltration into the lungs and adjacent cardiovascular structures is common, such that surgical intervention typically requires extensive resections, performed either by sternotomy or thoracotomy. For this review, we extensively searched the PubMed and Embase medical databases, identifying articles describing surgical treatment of mediastinal yolk sac tumors. The current literature provides limited details regarding the utilized surgical procedures, leaving clinicians without comprehensive guidance about the demanding nature of these resections. Here, we present a narrative description of the range of current surgical procedures. By highlighting these techniques, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current surgical landscape, thereby helping clinicians understand the potential complexities and considerations involved in managing these rare and aggressive tumors.
Revalidation of Proactive Gastrostomy Tube Placement Guidelines for Head and Neck Cancer Patients Receiving Helical Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy
Authors: Brown Teresa E. , Byrnes Angela , Chan Aaron C. , Dwyer Kathleen , Edwards Anna , Blake Claire L. , Banks Merrilyn D. , Hughes Brett G. M. , Lin Charles Y. , Kenny Lizbeth M. , Spurgin Ann-Louise , Bauer Judith D.
Published: November 2024

The Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital (RBWH) Swallowing and Nutrition Management Guidelines for Patients with Head and Neck Cancer were developed to enable evidence-based decision-making by the Head and Neck Multidisciplinary Team (H&N MDT) regarding enteral nutrition support options. The purpose of this study was to revalidate these guidelines in a cohort of patients receiving helical intensity-modulated radiotherapy (H-IMRT) compared to a historical cohort who received primarily 3D-conformal radiotherapy. Eligible patients attending the RBWH H&N MDT between 2013 and 2014 (n = 315) were assessed by the guidelines, with high-risk patients being recommended proactive gastrostomy tube placement. Data were collected on guideline adherence, gastrostomy tube insertions, the duration of enteral tube use and weight change. Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive and negative predictive values were calculated and compared with the historical cohort. Overall guideline adherence was 84%, with 60% and 96% adherence to the high-risk and low-risk pathways, respectively. Seventy patients underwent proactive gastrostomy tube placement (n = 62 high-risk; n = 8 low-risk). Validation outcomes were sensitivity 73% (compared to 72%) and specificity 86% (compared to 96%). The guidelines yielded a high sensitivity and specificity, remaining valid in a cohort of patients treated with H-IMRT. Further studies are recommended to improve the sensitivity and understand the decrease in specificity in order to make ongoing guideline improvements.
Thai Guideline for Nuclear Medicine Investigations of Neurocognitive Disorders: Nuclear Medicine Society of Thailand, the Neurological Society of Thailand, and Thai Medical Physicist Society Collaboration
Authors: Kaewchur Tawika , Thientunyakit Tanyaluck , Chamroonrat Wichana , Khiewvan Benjapa , Kiatkittikul Peerapon , Wongsurawat Nantaporn , Chotipanich Chanisa , Likitjaroen Yuttachai , Senanarong Vorapun , Pasawang Panya , Sontrapornpol Tanawat , Poon-iad Nucharee , Amnuaywattakorn Sasithorn , Tepmongkol Supatporn
Published: November 2024

Nuclear medicine investigations play a significant role in diagnosing dementia, mainly using imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). By providing functional and molecular data via brain imaging, nuclear medicine investigations offer valuable insights that complement clinical evaluations and structural imaging in the early detection, diagnosis, and differentiation of various types of dementia, leading to more accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment planning. Therefore, the Nuclear Medicine Society of Thailand, the Neurological Society of Thailand, and the Thai Medical Physicist Society have collaborated to establish these practical nuclear medicine investigation guidelines aiming to (1) identify the role of nuclear medicine studies in patients with neurocognitive disorders; (2) assist referrers in requesting the most appropriate procedure for diagnosis of each type of neurocognitive disorders; and (3) identify scientific evidence that is useful to assisting nuclear medicine professionals in recommending, performing, interpreting, and reporting the results of nuclear medicine investigations in patients with neurocognitive disorders.
Improved Detection Accuracy of Chronic Vertebral Compression Fractures by Integrating Height Loss Ratio and Deep Learning Approaches
Authors: Lee Jemyoung , Park Heejun , Yang Zepa , Woo Ok Hee , Kang Woo Young , Kim Jong Hyo
Published: November 2024

Objectives: This study aims to assess the limitations of the height loss ratio (HLR) method and introduce a new approach that integrates a deep learning (DL) model to enhance vertebral compression fracture (VCF) detection performance. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on 589 patients with chronic VCFs. We compared four different methods: HLR-only, DL-only, a combination of HLR and DL for positive VCF, and a combination of HLR and DL for negative VCF. The models were evaluated using dice similarity coefficient, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Results: The combined method (HLR + DL, positive) demonstrated the best performance with an AUROC of 0.968, sensitivity (94.95%), and specificity (90.59%). The HLR-only and the HLR + DL (negative) also showed strong discriminatory power, with AUROCs of 0.948 and 0.947, respectively. The DL-only model achieved the highest specificity (95.92%) but exhibited lower sensitivity (82.83%). Conclusions: Our study highlights the limitations of the HLR method in detecting chronic VCFs and demonstrates the improved performance of combining HLR with DL models.
The Algorithmic Agent Perspective and Computational Neuropsychiatry: From Etiology to Advanced Therapy in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Ruffini Giulio , Castaldo Francesca , Lopez-Sola Edmundo , Sanchez-Todo Roser , Vohryzek Jakub
Published: November 2024

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a complex, heterogeneous condition affecting millions worldwide. Computational neuropsychiatry offers potential breakthroughs through the mechanistic modeling of this disorder. Using the Kolmogorov theory (KT) of consciousness, we developed a foundational model where algorithmic agents interact with the world to maximize an Objective Function evaluating affective valence. Depression, defined in this context by a state of persistently low valence, may arise from various factors—including inaccurate world models (cognitive biases), a dysfunctional Objective Function (anhedonia, anxiety), deficient planning (executive deficits), or unfavorable environments. Integrating algorithmic, dynamical systems, and neurobiological concepts, we map the agent model to brain circuits and functional networks, framing potential etiological routes and linking with depression biotypes. Finally, we explore how brain stimulation, psychotherapy, and plasticity-enhancing compounds such as psychedelics can synergistically repair neural circuits and optimize therapies using personalized computational models.
Identifying Key Nodes for the Influence Spread Using a Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Stolarski Mateusz , Piróg Adam , Bródka Piotr
Published: November 2024

The identification of key nodes in complex networks is an important topic in many network science areas. It is vital to a variety of real-world applications, including viral marketing, epidemic spreading and influence maximization. In recent years, machine learning algorithms have proven to outperform the conventional, centrality-based methods in accuracy and consistency, but this approach still requires further refinement. What information about the influencers can be extracted from the network? How can we precisely obtain the labels required for training? Can these models generalize well? In this paper, we answer these questions by presenting an enhanced machine learning-based framework for the influence spread problem. We focus on identifying key nodes for the Independent Cascade model, which is a popular reference method. Our main contribution is an improved process of obtaining the labels required for training by introducing “Smart Bins” and proving their advantage over known methods. Next, we show that our methodology allows ML models to not only predict the influence of a given node, but to also determine other characteristics of the spreading process—which is another novelty to the relevant literature. Finally, we extensively test our framework and its ability to generalize beyond complex networks of different types and sizes, gaining important insight into the properties of these methods.
Designing a Brushed DC Motor Driver with a Novel Adaptive Learning Algorithm for the Automotive Industry
Authors: Elp Hudaverdi Emin , Altug Hüseyin , İnan Remzi
Published: November 2024

In this study, a stepper driver, which is suitable for use in the automotive industry, designed for general use, capable of adaptive learning in the systems in which it is used, and with CAN and universal asynchronous receiver–transmitter (UART) communication options, was designed. This design was made with a PIC18F25K22 microcontroller unit (MCU). Rotor speed, armature current, and terminal voltage can be measured on the proposed brushed DC motor drive system. It gives the desired response by evaluating obstacles and other situations in which high currents are drawn from the source. The speed measurement of the vehicle and the open and closed status of an automatic door can be monitored. The main contribution of the designed PCB is an adaptive learning algorithm (ALA) that uses the pulses of the encoder, estimates the position of the step, and manages the operation process to prevent mechanical damage at the final point of the motor. Furthermore, unexpected hitting and pinching which are defined as obstacles to the driver can be controlled by monitoring the current value drawn from the driver. The benefit of this method is that the life of the mechanical step is increased due to the management of the forward and backward step operation, preventing potential accidents.
Quadratic Cascading in Quasi-Phase-Matching: An Alternative Route to Efficient Third-Harmonic Generation
Authors: Sapaev Usman , Assanto Gaetano
Published: November 2024

We report on the theoretical/numerical investigation of simultaneous second- and third-harmonic generation from a single wavelength input in quasi-phase-matched crystals. The presented technique consists of a quadratic crystal with two first-order quasi-phase-matched sections: one designed for quasi-phase-matching to second-harmonic generation and the other for quasi-phase-matching to third-harmonic generation via sum-frequency generation. We identify an optimal length ratio (optimal number of domains) for these sections in order to enhance the conversion to the third harmonic, achieving nearly complete energy transfer. The advantages of the method are demonstrated both numerically and analytically, with a specific example using periodically poled lithium niobate. Quadratic cascading with quasi-phase-matching proves to be an effective approach for achieving cubic-like effects with high conversion efficiencies.
A Heterogeneous Multi-Satellite Dynamic Mission Planning Method Based on Metaheuristic Algorithms
Authors: Zeng Lingchao , Qin Pengfei , Zhou Yejun , Liu Huiliang , Cai Yaxing
Published: November 2024

The increasing demand for satellite communication necessitates efficient resource management, especially as next-generation high-throughput satellites (HTSs) face challenges in optimizing user connections. This paper presents a novel method that integrates a discretely improved Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm with a dynamic task management framework to enhance satellite resource allocation efficiency. The PSO algorithm is adapted for discrete selection problems to maximize a fitness function based on user priority, user preference, and capacity satisfaction, thus ensuring accurate user–satellite matching. A main loop function iteratively updates user data and connection statuses, thus achieving continuous optimization of satellite connections. Through simulation studies, we validated the effectiveness of this method under dynamically changing user demands, demonstrating that the Discrete PSO algorithm significantly outperforms Simulated Annealing (SA) and the Genetic Algorithm (GA) in user satisfaction, maintaining levels above 0.996 even under high demand. Additionally, it effectively prioritizes high-demand users, ensuring their satisfaction remains above 0.95. Overall, our method enhances the management of daily communication tasks, significantly improving service quality and user satisfaction.
Heterogeneous Online Computational Platform for GEM-Based Plasma Impurity Monitoring Systems
Authors: Linczuk Paweł , Wojeński Andrzej , Czarski Tomasz , Kolasiński Piotr , Zabołotny Wojciech M. , Poźniak Krzysztof , Kasprowicz Grzegorz , Cieszewski Radosław , Chernyshova Maryna , Malinowski Karol , Mazon Didier , Colnel Julian , Guibert Denis
Published: November 2024

The fusion energy research field presents many intricate challenges that require resolution. Many diagnostic systems employed in experiments are approaching the limits of current technology. Implementing efficient measurements requires using an appropriate set of tools to facilitate the optimal utilization of hardware. Fusion energy measurements must provide low latency processing with the capacity for future improvements and the ability to handle complex data flows efficiently. The presented work addresses these requirements and describes the implementation of a high-performance, low-latency software platform with convenient development for soft X-ray (SXR) plasma impurities emission tracing—the Asynchronous Complex Computation Platform (AC2P). This article presents the architectural design, implementation details, and performance and latency measurements based on the raw data acquired from the WEST tokamak and laboratory tests. AC2P provides the tools to develop low-latency, multi-core, multi-device complex data flow graph scale-up solutions for measuring impurities in hot plasmas. The system has been designed to operate online during experiments, calculate the energy distribution, position and occurrence time of SXR photons, monitor the data stream’s quality and archive any abnormalities for subsequent offline verification and algorithm improvement. This article presents AC2P, which operates as part of the SXR measurement system on the WEST tokamak.
Reforming Natural Gas for CO2 Pre-Combustion Capture in Trinary Cycle Power Plant
Authors: Rogalev Nikolay , Rogalev Andrey , Kindra Vladimir , Zlyvko Olga , Kovalev Dmitriy
Published: November 2024

Today, most of the world’s electric energy is generated by burning hydrocarbon fuels, which causes significant emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere by thermal power plants. In world practice, flue gas cleaning systems for removing nitrogen oxides, sulfur, and ash are successfully used at power facilities but reducing carbon dioxide emissions at thermal power plants is still difficult for technical and economic reasons. Thus, the introduction of carbon dioxide capture systems at modern power plants is accompanied by a decrease in net efficiency by 8–12%, which determines the high relevance of developing methods for increasing the energy efficiency of modern environmentally friendly power units. This paper presents the results of the development and study of the process flow charts of binary and trinary combined-cycle gas turbines with minimal emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere. This research revealed that the net efficiency rate of a binary CCGT with integrated post-combustion technology capture is 39.10%; for a binary CCGT with integrated pre-combustion technology capture it is 40.26%; a trinary CCGT with integrated post-combustion technology capture is 40.35%; and for a trinary combined-cycle gas turbine with integrated pre-combustion technology capture it is 41.62%. The highest efficiency of a trinary CCGT with integrated pre-combustion technology capture is due to a reduction in the energy costs for carbon dioxide capture by 5.67 MW—compared to combined-cycle plants with integrated post-combustion technology capture—as well as an increase in the efficiency of the steam–water circuit of the combined-cycle plant by 3.09% relative to binary cycles.
Illumina SBS Sequencing and DNBSEQ Perform Similarly for Single-Cell Transcriptomics
Authors: Bestard-Cuche Nadine , Munro David , Beniazza Meryam , Priller Josef , Williams Anna , Corsinotti Andrea
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: High-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) workflows produce libraries that demand extensive sequencing. However, standard next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods remain expensive, contributing to the high running costs of single-cell experiments and often negatively affecting the sample numbers and statistical strength of such projects. In recent years, a plethora of new sequencing technologies have become available to researchers through several manufacturers, often providing lower-cost alternatives to standard NGS. Methods: In this study, we compared data generated from mouse scRNA-seq libraries sequenced with both standard Illumina sequencing by synthesis (Illumina SBS) and MGI’s DNA nanoball sequencing (DNBSEQ). Results: Our findings reveal similar overall performance using both technologies. DNBSEQ exhibited mildly superior sequence quality compared to Illumina SBS, as evidenced by higher Phred scores, lower read duplication rates and a greater number of genes mapping to the reference genome. Yet these improvements did not translate into meaningful differences in single-cell analysis parameters in our experiments, including detection of additional genes within cells, gene expression saturation levels and numbers of identified cells, with both technologies demonstrating equally robust performance in these aspects. The data produced by both sequencing platforms also produced comparable analytical outcomes for single-cell analysis. No significant difference in the annotation of cells into different cell types was observed and the same top genes were differentially expressed between populations and experimental conditions. Conclusions: Overall, our data demonstrate that alternative technologies can be applied to sequence scRNA-seq libraries, generating virtually indistinguishable results compared to standard methods, and providing cost-effective alternatives.
How Experiences of Stigma and Discrimination at Various Points in the Queer Life Course Interrelate with Alcohol Use: Views from Sexually and Gender Diverse Youth
Authors: Flores-Aranda Jorge , Gaudette Yannick , Dalle Anthea , Nadeau Dominic , Goyette Mathieu
Published: November 2024

Background: The life courses of sexually and gender diverse individuals are shaped by a series of events that include acceptance of one’s own sexual orientation or gender identity, the coming out process and socialization in the LGBTQ+ (for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer/Questioning, and other sexual orientations and gender identities represented by the plus sign) environment. Generally experienced in a cis-heteronormative context, this process is marked by stigma and discrimination and the social harms they can cause, including a higher-than-average prevalence of alcohol use. Objectives: To profile the alcohol use of sexually and gender diverse (SGD) youth from a life course perspective and to explore individual perceptions regarding the personal, social and cultural factors (including stigmatization and its consequences) modulating their consumption. Methodology: This qualitative descriptive study is grounded in symbolic interactionism. Semi-structured interviews lasting approximately 90 min were conducted with LGBTQ+ youth aged 18 to 30 using alcohol at least once a week. A thematic analysis was performed. Results: A total of 31 individuals aged 18–29 (average age: 25) were interviewed. The average score regarding alcohol use was 14.25 (Standard Deviation -SD-: 4–31), which corresponds to a moderate risk and indicates the need for a brief intervention. Our study documents how the higher alcohol use among LGBTQ+ youth is shaped by individual, community and cultural factors at different points in the queer life course. Among the factors influencing drinking are the emotions experienced when questioning sexual orientation and/or gender identity as well as the feelings resulting from stigma and discrimination. Our findings also indicate the influence of socializing in the queer community and meeting peers and partners, as well as that of LGBTQ+ cultural practices. Discussion: Our study indicates the need for grassroots-level interventions that work to mitigate social pressures in queer socialization contexts. Accordingly, any intervention, whether preventive or therapeutic, must consider the interplay of personal, social, community and cultural factors. Interventions regarding alcohol use must build on the strengths of community and the sense of belonging.
Mitigating the Stigma of Mental Illness: The Impact of Story-Telling in the Black Community
Authors: Conner Kyaien O. , Abusuampeh Daniel K. , Kosyluk Kristin , Tran Jennifer T. , Davis-Cotton Denise , Hill Angela M. , Brown Alexus P.
Published: November 2024

Racial/ethnic minorities, including the Black community, experience stigma as a significant barrier to mental health care, with fears of being devalued or discriminated against deterring individuals from seeking help. Racial stigma further exacerbates mental health issues and negatively influences perceptions of service utilization. To address this, our research team partnered with a national non-profit storytelling organization to develop and evaluate a virtual narrative storytelling intervention series that amplifies the voices and experiences of Black Americans living with mental illness and addiction. We randomly assigned 193 participants to either the intervention (n = 102) or an active control condition (n = 91) and used a pre–post survey design to assess the changes in the outcome variables. Contrary to our hypothesis, there were no race-based interactions; instead, the results show significant reductions in public stigma and perceived discrimination and increased positive attitudes toward seeking treatment universally among all the intervention participants. This study provided preliminary evidence that a virtual storytelling intervention is instrumental across varied demographic cohorts, transcending potential cultural barriers in the discourse and understanding of mental health to effectively mitigate stigma and improve attitudes toward mental health treatment.
Physical Activity Outcomes of a Culturally Tailored, Father-Focused, and Family-Centered Health Promotion Program for Mexican-Heritage Families: ¡Haz Espacio Para Papi! (Make Room for Daddy)
Authors: Umstattd Meyer M. Renée , Prochnow Tyler , Wende Marilyn E. , Ylitalo Kelly R. , Sturdivant Rodney X. , Johnson Cassandra M. , Delgado Haley , Trost Stewart G. , Gómez Luis , Sharkey Joseph R.
Published: November 2024

Despite the health benefits of physical activity (PA), many individuals do not meet PA recommendations. Family-centered PA approaches, particularly active engagement by Mexican-heritage fathers, may support family PA. This study reports PA outcomes of a culturally tailored, father-focused, and family-centered, program for Mexican-heritage families. Promotora researchers recruited participating families (n = 59, n = 42 complete cases), consisting of children (mean age: 10.1 [SD = 0.9]), fathers, and mothers from five randomly selected geographic clusters in low-resourced colonias in south Texas, in a stepped-wedge randomized design. PA was measured using wrist-worn ActiGraph GT9X accelerometers. Statistical analyses for moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), light PA (LPA), and sedentary time for the child, father, and mother were conducted using linear mixed models. The findings were as follows: children had no significant changes in MVPA (p = 0.18), LPA (p = 0.52), or sedentary behavior (p = 0.74); fathers had no significant changes in MVPA (p = 0.94), LPA (p = 0.17), or sedentary behavior (p = 0.15); and mothers had a significant decrease in LPA (p < 0.01), and no significant changes in MVPA (p = 0.66) or sedentary behavior (p = 0.77). Despite null results, this study provides an example of a culturally tailored, family-focused program implemented among Mexican-heritage families with limited PA resources and opportunities. Future PA interventions may require higher PA-focused doses over longer time periods to produce a significant change in LPA, MVPA, or sedentary time.
Autophagy in Muscle Regeneration: Mechanisms, Targets, and Therapeutic Perspective
Authors: Chu Yun , Yuan Xinrun , Tao Yiming , Yang Bin , Luo Jinlong
Published: November 2024

Autophagy maintains the stability of eukaryotic cells by degrading unwanted components and recycling nutrients and plays a pivotal role in muscle regeneration by regulating the quiescence, activation, and differentiation of satellite cells. Effective muscle regeneration is vital for maintaining muscle health and homeostasis. However, under certain disease conditions, such as aging, muscle regeneration can fail due to dysfunctional satellite cells. Dysregulated autophagy may limit satellite cell self-renewal, hinder differentiation, and increase susceptibility to apoptosis, thereby impeding muscle regeneration. This review explores the critical role of autophagy in muscle regeneration, emphasizing its interplay with apoptosis and recent advances in autophagy research related to diseases characterized by impaired muscle regeneration. Additionally, we discuss new approaches involving autophagy regulation to promote macrophage polarization, enhancing muscle regeneration. We suggest that utilizing cell therapy and biomaterials to modulate autophagy could be a promising strategy for supporting muscle regeneration. We hope that this review will provide new insights into the treatment of muscle diseases and promote muscle regeneration.
Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Provide Key Molecular Insights into Floral Stage-Driven Flavonoid Pathway in Safflower
Authors: Yu Lili , Ahmad Naveed , Meng Weijie , Zhao Shangyang , Chang Yue , Wang Nan , Zhang Min , Yao Na , Liu Xiuming , Zhang Jian
Published: November 2024

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb renowned for its high flavonoid content and significant medicinal value. However, the dynamic changes in safflower petal flavonoid profiles across different flowering phases present a challenge in optimizing harvest timing and medicinal use. To enhance the utilization of safflower, this study conducted an integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of safflower petals at different flowering stages. Our findings revealed that certain flavonoids were more abundant during the fading stage, while others peaked during full bloom. Specifically, seven metabolites, including p-coumaric acid, naringenin chalcone, naringenin, dihydrokaempferol, apigenin, kaempferol, and quercetin, accumulated significantly during the fading stage. In contrast, dihydromyricetin and delphinidin levels were notably reduced. Furthermore, key genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, such as 4CL, DFR, and ANR, exhibited up-regulated expression with safflower’s flowering progression, whereas CHI, F3H, and FLS were down-regulated. Additionally, exposure to UV-B stress at full bloom led to an up-regulation of flavonoid content and altered the expression of key flavonoid biosynthetic genes over time. This study not only elucidates the regulatory mechanisms underlying flavonoid metabolism in safflower but also provides insights for maximizing its medicinal and industrial applications.
Nature’s Secret Neuro-Regeneration Pathway in Axolotls, Polychaetes and Planarians for Human Therapeutic Target Pathways
Authors: Mansor Nur Izzati , Balqis Tengku Nabilatul , Lani Mohd Nizam , Lye Kwan Liang , Nor Muhammad Nor Azlan , Ismail Wan Iryani Wan , Abidin Shahidee Zainal
Published: November 2024

Despite significant improvements in the comprehension of neuro-regeneration, restoring nerve injury in humans continues to pose a substantial therapeutic difficulty. In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), the nerve regeneration process after injury relies on Schwann cells. These cells play a crucial role in regulating and releasing different extracellular matrix proteins, including laminin and fibronectin, which are essential for facilitating nerve regeneration. However, during regeneration, the nerve is required to regenerate for a long distance and, subsequently, loses its capacity to facilitate regeneration during this progression. Meanwhile, it has been noted that nerve regeneration has limited capabilities in the central nervous system (CNS) compared to in the PNS. The CNS contains factors that impede the regeneration of axons following injury to the axons. The presence of glial scar formation results from this unfavourable condition, where glial cells accumulate at the injury site, generating a physical and chemical barrier that hinders the regeneration of neurons. In contrast to humans, several species, such as axolotls, polychaetes, and planarians, possess the ability to regenerate their neural systems following amputation. This ability is based on the vast amount of pluripotent stem cells that have the remarkable capacity to differentiate and develop into any cell within their body. Although humans also possess these cells, their numbers are extremely limited. Examining the molecular pathways exhibited by these organisms has the potential to offer a foundational understanding of the human regeneration process. This review provides a concise overview of the molecular pathways involved in axolotl, polychaete, and planarian neuro-regeneration. It has the potential to offer a new perspective on therapeutic approaches for neuro-regeneration in humans.
Prolactin Role in COVID-19 and Its Association with the Underlying Inflammatory Response
Authors: Polyzou Eleni , Schinas Georgios , Bountouris Panagiotis , Georgakopoulou Dimitra , de Lastic Anne-Lise , Parthymou Anastasia , Gogos Charalambos , Kyriazopoulou Venetsana , Mouzaki Athanasia , Theodoropoulou Anastasia , Akinosoglou Karolina
Published: November 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted interest in identifying reliable biomarkers to predict disease severity and guide clinical decisions. Prolactin (PRL), a hormone traditionally associated with lactation, has gained attention for its role in immune modulation. This study aimed to assess PRL as a biomarker for disease severity in COVID-19. A prospective cohort of 142 patients with moderate to severe COVID-19, defined as a WHO-CPS 5 or 6, was recruited from the University General Hospital of Patras. Baseline PRL levels were measured using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, and serum cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, and TNF-α, were quantified through flow cytometry. Clinical outcomes, including mortality and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), were recorded. Results indicated that PRL levels were significantly higher in female patients (12.95 ng/mL vs. 9.40 ng/mL, p < 0.001) but they did not correlate with key severity indices such as CCI, SOFA score upon admission or inflammatory markers. No significant associations between baseline PRL levels, cytokine concentrations, and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 were noted. Our findings suggest that PRL may lack prognostic reliability for disease severity compared to more established predictive markers and that its role in the immune response remains uncertain.
Single Intranasal Administration of Ucn3 Affects the Development of PTSD Symptoms in an Animal Model
Authors: Tillinger Andrej , Zvozilová Alexandra , Mach Mojmír , Horváthová Ľubica , Dziewiczová Lila , Osacká Jana
Published: November 2024

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a multifactorial psychological disorder that affects different neurotransmitter systems, including the central CRH system. CRH acts via the CRHR1 and CRHR2 receptors, which exert opposite effects, i.e., anxiogenic or anxiolytic. The aim of this work was to investigate how intranasal administration of the CRHR2-specific agonist urocortin 2 (Ucn2) or urocortin 3 (Ucn3) affects manifestations of PTSD in a single prolonged stress (SPS) animal model of PTSD. Elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field (OF) tests were used to assess anxiety-like behavior. Changes in the gene expressions of CRH, CRHR1, CRHR2, glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and FKBP5 were measured in brain regions (BNST, amygdala, and PVN) responsible for modulating the stress response. The SPS animals spent less time in the OF central zone and were less mobile than the controls; however, the Ucn3 treatment reversed this effect. SPS decreased the GR and FKPB5 mRNA levels in the PVN. Ucn3 suppressed the effect of SPS on FKBP5 mRNA expression in the PVN and increased FKBP5 mRNA in the BNST and PVN compared to the stressed animals. We demonstrate that Ucn3 has the potential to ameliorate anxiety-like behavior in SPS animals and also to affect the neuroendocrine system in the BNST and PVN. In addition, we confirm the important role of CRHR2 signaling in mediating the stress response.
A Honeycomb Film Template-Based Method for High-Throughput Preparation of Anti-Salmonella typhimurium 14,028 Phage Microgels
Authors: Wu Jing , An Tingtao , Song Yaxiong , Wang Shuo
Published: November 2024

Developing efficient anti-microbials for thoroughly addressing Salmonella contamination is essential for the improvement of food safety. Phage-built materials have shown great potential for biocontrol in environments. Due to challenges in delivery and stability, their widespread use has remained unattainable. Here, we have developed a honeycomb film template-based method for the high-throughput preparation of phage microgels. The honeycomb film template can be simply fabricated in a humid chamber based on a well-established breath figure method. The bacteriophage microgels can be further manufactured by dropping a pre-gelation solution containing bacteriophages into a honeycomb film template. This method can produce over 210,000 phage microgels in every square centimeter template with each microgel containing 1.04 × 107 phages. They can kill 99.90% of the contaminated S. typhimurium 14,028 on chicken samples. This simple, heat-free, and solvent-free method can maintain the strong anti-bacterial efficiency of phages, which can expand the wide application of phage-built microgels for food decontamination.
The Roles of RNA Modifications in Regulating Chloroplast Performance and Photosynthesis Efficiency
Authors: Adamiec Małgorzata , Luciński Robert
Published: November 2024

The regulation of gene expression is crucial for maintaining cellular activities and responding to environmental stimuli. RNA molecules are central to this regulatory network, influencing transcription, post-transcriptional processing, and translation. Recent advancements have expanded our understanding of RNA modifications beyond the nucleus, highlighting their impact on chloroplast function and photosynthesis efficiency. Chloroplasts, essential for photosynthesis, rely on precise genetic regulation to adapt to environmental changes. RNA modifications, such as methylation and pseudouridylation, are critical in regulating chloroplast RNA stability, processing, and translation. This review summarizes current knowledge of how RNA modifications affect chloroplast function and photosynthesis. It discusses the roles of specific RNA modifications occurring in chloroplast RNA, including N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), and pseudouridylation, as well as the enzymes which are known to be involved in these processes. This review also explores extrachloroplastic RNA modifications that influence chloroplast function, emphasizing the importance of m6A and m5C modifications and their associated enzymes.
Genetic Landscape of a Cohort of 120 Patients with Diminished Ovarian Reserve: Correlation with Infertility
Authors: Lafraoui Imène , Heddar Abdelkader , Cantalloube Adèle , Braham Inès , Peigné Maëliss , Beneteau Claire , Gricourt Solenne , Poirsier Claire , Legrand Stéphanie , Stoeva Radka , Metayer-Amelot Laure , Lobersztajn Annina , Lebrun Soizic , Gruchy Nicolas , Abdennebi Inès , Cedrin-Durnerin Isabelle , Fernandez Hervé , Luton Dominique , Torre Antoine , Zagdoun Léonore , Chevalier Nicolas , Khrouf Mohamed , Mahmoud Khaled , Epelboin Sylvie , Catteau-Jonard Sophie , Misrahi Micheline
Published: November 2024

Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) and primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) are major causes of female infertility. We recently found a monogenic etiology in 29.3% of POI, leading to personalized medicine. The genetic landscape of DOR is unknown. A prospective study (2018–2023) of an international cohort of 120 patients with unexplained DOR was performed using a large custom targeted next-generation sequencing panel including all known POI-causing genes. The diagnostic yield, based on the American College of Medical Genetics, was 24, 2%. Genes belong to different pathways: metabolism and mitochondria (29.7%), follicular growth (24.3%), DNA repair/meiosis (18.9%), aging (16.2%), ovarian development (8.1%), and autophagy (2.7%). Five genes were recurrently found: LMNA, ERCC6, SOX8, POLG, and BMPR1B. Six genes identified in single families with POI were involved in DOR, GNAS, TGFBR3, XPNPEP2, EXO1, BNC1, ATG, highlighting their role in maintaining ovarian reserve. In our cohort, 26 pregnancies were recorded, but no pregnancy was observed when meiosis/DNA repair genes were involved, suggesting severely impaired oocyte quality. Additional studies should confirm these preliminary results. This study with a large NGS panel defines the genetic landscape of a large cohort of DOR. It supports routine genetic diagnosis. Genetics could be a biomarker predicting infertility and progression to POI.
USP2 Mitigates Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced Mitochondrial Damage via UCP2 Expression in Myoblasts
Authors: Kitamura Hiroshi , Fujimoto Masaki , Hashimoto Mayuko , Yasui Hironobu , Inanami Osamu
Published: November 2024

Ubiquitin-specific protease 2 (USP2) maintains mitochondrial integrity in culture myoblasts. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective role of USP2 in mitochondria. The knockout (KO) of the Usp2 gene or the chemical inhibition of USP2 induced a robust accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), accompanied by defects in mitochondrial membrane potential, in C2C12 myoblasts. ROS removal by N-acetyl-L-cysteine restored the mitochondrial dysfunction induced by USP2 deficiency. Comprehensive RT-qPCR screening and following protein analysis indicated that both the genetic and chemical inhibition of USP2 elicited a decrease in uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) at mRNA and protein levels. Accordingly, the introduction of a Ucp2-expressing construct effectively recovered the mitochondrial membrane potential, entailing an increment in the intracellular ATP level in Usp2KO C2C12 cells. In contrast, USP2 deficiency also decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) protein in C2C12 cells, while it upregulated Ppargc1a mRNA. Overexpression studies indicated that USP2 potentially stabilizes PGC1α in an isopeptidase-dependent manner. Given that PGC1α is an inducer of UCP2 in C2C12 cells, USP2 might ameliorate mitochondrial ROS by maintaining the PGC1α–UCP2 axis in myoblasts.