bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applications of the INFOGEST In Vitro Digestion Model to Foods: A Review
Authors: Zhou Hualu , Tan Yunbing , McClements David Julian
Published: November 2022

The in vitro digestion model developed by the INFOGEST international consortium is widely used to simulate the physicochemical processes occurring inside the human gastrointestinal tract (mouth, stomach, and small intestine) during the digestion of foods. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the INFOGEST method and the procedures used to measure the digestion of macronutrients (lipids, proteins, and starch), the bioaccessibility of bioactive agents (vitamins, minerals, and nutraceuticals), and the changes in the structure and physical properties of foods under gastrointestinal conditions (particle size, charge, and location). We then review the application of the INFOGEST method for monitoring the gastrointestinal fate of different kinds of foods and beverages, including dairy, egg, meat, seafood, fruit, vegetable, cereal, and emulsified products. We also discuss the application of this method for studying the digestibility of next-generation plant-based foods, such as meat, seafood, dairy, and egg analogs. Finally, the benefits and limitations of this standardized in vitro digestion model are assessed.
Study on the Dynamic Behaviors of PEMFCs with the Effect of the Interfacial Transfer Process
Authors: Tang Fumin , Ming Pingwen , Li Bing , Zhang Cunman , Li Xiang
Published: November 2022

The dynamic response of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) to power demand remarkably influences the energy management system (EMS) for hybrid hydrogen vehicle applications. This study established a one-dimensional PEMFC model considering the interfacial gas transport behaviors to investigate the most fundamental dynamic process—step loading. The model provided rigorous analytic equations to describe the transient response of output voltage, and a dimensionless variable,

Σ
=

L
/

Γ

g

δ
/

τ

r

=

v

D

v

R

,

was found to link the appearance of undershooting quantitatively with the structural characteristics of components and operating processes. The analytic equations showed that the main reason for undershooting was the weaker capacity of remaining oxygen in the catalyst layer (CL) than the diffusion capacity of gas diffusion media (GDM). Deductions from analytic equations were confirmed by experimental results further and indicated that the degree of undershooting (

Δ

V

O
S

) was linear to the loading step (

Δ
I

˜

), which expressed as

Δ

V

O
S

=

b
⋅
ε

Σ

4
F
D
c
/
L
−

I

1

⋅
Δ
I

to some extent. The quantitative expressions based on the fundamental theories were achieved in this study and provide new perspectives and methods on the studies of dynamic controlling of the PEMFCs power system.
Change of an Internal Stress Exerted on Each Layer in AZO/Cu/Mo Multilayered Films on Annealing
Authors: Mukai Kyohei , Hujita Shingo , Takayama Shinji
Published: November 2022

The change of an internal stress in each layer consisting of AZO/Cu/Mo multilayer thin films with temperature were experimentally measured for the first time by using a grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GI-XRD). These measurements were performed by taking account of relatively large difference of the total reflection values among AZO(2 wt%Al2O3 + ZnO), Cu and Mo, so that the structural properties of each layer of AZO/Cu/Mo tri-layer can be measured in turn by changing an incident angle of a GI-XRD. It was found that the stress mode of AZO, Cu and Mo single layers were compression, tension and tension, respectively. Their stress mode does not change even after forming multilayers and with successive anneals up to 400 °C. The internal stress of each layer in multilayer tends to decrease to accommodate each thermal mismatch among AZO, Cu and MO layers. It was demonstrated that the internal stress in each layer of the multilayer thin films had been measured with a nondestructive method by using a GI-XRD.
What Factors Determine the Online Consumer Behavior in This Digitalized World? A Systematic Literature
Authors: Ayalew Muluken , Zewdie Shimelis
Published: November 2022

This review study envisioned to address the basic objective that is to investigate determinants of online consumer behavior. A conventional review strategy was used to address the objective raised above, i.e., systematic strategy, and also, the obtained data were analyzed via content analysis. In addition to the above, the study also employed descriptive research design to present the obtained result descriptively. According to the generated findings, purchase intention is the most studied area, which is followed by adoption, and conversely, continuance or repurchase stage of online consumer behavior is the most underresearched area. Perceived usefulness, perceived risk, attitude, perceived ease of use, trust, social influence, subjective norms, perceived enjoyment, security, perceived behavioral control, web design quality, privacy and security concerns, demographic factors (e.g., age, gender, occupation, education, and income), perceived value, service quality, perceived satisfaction, psychological factors (e.g., relative advantage), facilitating conditions, and consumers’ experience are the most influential factors significantly affecting online consumer behavior at large. Therefore, it is advised that industries those are experienced or newcomers in the market to work on the identified factors determining the online consumer behavior, to sustain and achieve success in this dynamic world.
Feasibility Study on the Use of a Portable NIR Spectrometer and Multivariate Data Analysis to Discriminate and Quantify Adulteration in Fertilizer
Authors: Teye Ernest , Amuah Charles L. Y. , Atiah Kofi , Darko Ransford Opoku , Amoah Kwadwo Kusi , Afutu Emmanuel , Owusu Rebecca
Published: November 2022

The rise in population growth worldwide requires efficient management of agricultural lands through the correct determination of authentic fertilizers. In this current study, a rapid on-site detection technique was developed by using portable NIR spectroscopy in the wavelength range of 740–1070 nm together with optimum multivariate algorithms to identify fertilizer integrity (unexpired, expired, and adulterated) as well as quantify the levels (10–50%) of adulteration. NIR models were built based on support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) for identification, while different types of partial least square regression (PLS, iPLS, Si-PLS, and GaPLS) were used for quantification purposes. The models were evaluated according to identification rate (Rt), coefficient of correlation in prediction (Rpre2), and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP). For the identification of the integrity of the fertilizer, among the mathematical pretreatments used, the first derivative (FD) together with SVM gave above 99.20% identification rate in both calibration and prediction sets. For the quantification of the adulterants, Si-PLS was found to be superior and showed an excellent predictive potential of Rpre2 = 0.95–0.98 and RMSEP = 0.069–0.11 for the two fertilizer types used. The overall results indicated that a handheld NIR spectrometer together with appropriate algorithms could be employed for fast and on-site determination of fertilizer integrity.
Clinical Presentation as a Predictor of the Response to Methotrexate Therapy in Patients with Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Almutairy Sarah , Aldakhil Lateefa Othman
Published: November 2022

Purpose. Ectopic pregnancy can be fatal if not diagnosed and timely treated. There is an increase in ectopic pregnancy rate which attributes in part to fertility medications and procedures and early diagnosis. Methotrexate, a folic acid antagonist, is widely used in the medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy. Many studies examined the safety and success rate of methotrexate looking into factors affecting the success rate, if the patient may present with symptoms such as abdominal pain, and some consider this as impeding rupture and it might affect the success of medical treatment. This study evaluates the success rate of methotrexate treatment outcomes in regard to presentation and looks into other factors that can help choosing a single or multiple dose modality. Methods. This is a retrospective review of 154 cases of ectopic pregnancy treated with methotrexate from January 2011 to December 2020 at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH). Demographic data, clinical presentation, treatment progress, and outcome and failure rate were collected and analyzed. Student’s

t

-test was used for statistical analysis of associations in SPSS. Results. 154 patients were treated with MTX; of those patients, 25 received more than one dose. The difference between the responses to MTX treatment in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals was not significant (

p
=
0.267

). 131 (85%) had successful treatment. There were no associations between patient BMI, ectopic mass size, or ectopic mass site, the presence or absence of pelvic fluid on ultrasound at diagnosis, and the treatment success rate. There was a significant decline in the treatment success rate with increasing β-hCG levels on the presentation day (

p
=
0.035

) and on day 4 (

p

value <0.001) of treatment. Conclusion. MTX treatment can be used to manage symptomatic patients with ectopic pregnancy. The success rate in symptomatic patients is not different from that in asymptomatic patients.

β
−
hCG
 
levels
>
5000
 
IU
/
L

. Pretreatment and on day 4 posttreatment is associated with higher failure rate.
Antrodia salmonea Extracts Regulate p53-AR Signaling and Apoptosis in Human Prostate Cancer LNCaP Cells
Authors: Chen Chieh-Yin , Li Yu-Hsuan , Liao Wan-Ling , Oner Muhammet , Cheng Yu-Chiao , Liu Fang-Ling , Cheng Pang-Ting , Celik Ayse , Wu Jyh-Horng , Lai Chih-Ho , Hsieh Jer-Tsong , Lin Ho , Chang Ting-Chieh , Chang Chih-Ying , Chen Mei-Chih
Published: November 2022

Antrodia salmonea (AS) is a genus of Antrodia, an epiphyte of Cunninghamia konishii in Taiwan. AS has been reported to have potential therapeutic effects on different diseases, including diarrhea, abdominal pain, and hypertension. AS has been reported to have anticancer effects on numerous cancer types, such as ovarian carcinoma and triple-negative breast cancer. Our previous studies demonstrated that antrocins and triterpenoids are possibly bioactive compositions. However, the effects of AS on prostate cancer remain unknown. Therefore, we investigated the role of AS in prostate cancer growth, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation. The results showed that AS extracts significantly inhibited the proliferation of prostate cancer LNCaP cells in a dose-dependent manner and increased the levels of apoptotic markers (cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase 3/8/9). In addition, the cell cycle-related proteins CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, and their respective specific regulators Cyclin B1, Cyclin A, and Cyclin D were also affected. Besides, AS treatment increased p53 protein levels and slowed its degradation in LNCaP cells. Interestingly, we found that AS treatment reduced both total protein and Ser-81 phosphorylation levels of the androgen receptor (AR). Notably, the increase of nuclear p53 was accompanied by the down-regulation of AR, suggesting a reverse regulation between p53 and AR in LNCaP cells was triggered by AS treatment. These findings suggest that AS extracts trigger the apoptosis of prostate cancer cells through the reverse regulation of p53 and AR and elucidate that AS extracts might be a potential treatment for androgen-dependent prostate cancer in the near future.
YOLOv5-PD: A Model for Common Asphalt Pavement Defects Detection
Authors: Xu Yiming , Sun Fei , Wang Li
Published: November 2022

In asphalt pavement detection, the defect scale changes greatly, mainly including mesh cracks, patches, and potholes. In the case of large scale, the texture feature is not clear, and the information is easily lost in the feature extraction process. Correspondingly, the number of small-scale holes is often very large, which also puts forward higher requirements for the detection model. In view of the above problems, this paper proposed a model for common asphalt pavement defects detection called YOLOv5-PD. In order to reduce the loss of information and expand the receptive field of the model, Big Kernel convolution was used to replace a part of the convolution in the original CSPDarknet. The texture feature information of the cracks is retained to the greatest extent. In order to enhance the detection performance of small defects, convolution channel attention mechanism was added after each feature fusion layer, and performs attention processing on the feature map after concat to find the defect location. This study used a public pavement defect dataset from Brazil. In this work, ablation experiments were carried out according to the task scenario, and the improved effects were compared and analyzed. The proposed model is compared with other versions of models and advanced models, which proves the superiority of the proposed model. The mAP of proposed model reached 73.3% and the model inference speed reached 41FPS, which can meet real time engineering application requirements.
Some Exact Solutions to Generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili Equation
Authors: Wang Bao , Chen Zhiqiang
Published: November 2022

Most of the papers have explored the interactions between solitons with a zero background, while reports about exact solutions for nonzero background are rare. Hence, this paper is aimed at exploring the breather, lump, and interaction solutions with a small perturbation to (

2
+
1

)-dimensional generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (gKP) equation. General high-order periodic breather solutions are obtained using Hirota’s bilinear method with a small perturbation. At the same time, combining the use of long wave limit methods and module resonance constraints, general lump solutions and mixed solutions to gKP equation are generated. Finally, the space-time structures of the breather solutions, lump solutions, and interaction solutions are investigated and discussed.
IMbrave150: Efficacy and Safety of Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab versus Sorafenib in Patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Stage B Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Exploratory Analysis of the Phase III Study
Authors: Kudo Masatoshi , Finn Richard S. , Galle Peter R. , Zhu Andrew X. , Ducreux Michel , Cheng Ann-Lii , Ikeda Masafumi , Tsuchiya Kaoru , Aoki Ken-ichi , Jia Jing , Lencioni Riccardo
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The phase III IMbrave150 study established atezolizumab + bevacizumab as standard of care in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This exploratory analysis reports efficacy and safety results in patients with baseline Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage B disease. Methods: Patients with systemic treatment-naive unresectable HCC and Child-Pugh class A liver function were randomized 2:1 to receive 1,200 mg of atezolizumab plus 15 mg/kg of bevacizumab or 400 mg of sorafenib. Co-primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) per independent review facility (IRF)-assessed Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) version 1.1 in the BCLC stage B subgroup. Patients in this analysis had BCLC stage B disease at baseline per electronic case report form. Secondary efficacy endpoints included the objective response rate (ORR) and change in the sum of longest diameters (SLD) of target lesions from baseline per IRF RECIST 1.1 and modified RECIST (mRECIST) for HCC. Results: Of 501 enrolled patients, 74 (15%) had BCLC stage B disease at baseline (atezolizumab + bevacizumab, n = 49; sorafenib, n = 24). For this group, median follow-up was 19.7 months. A trend toward improved OS and PFS per IRF RECIST 1.1 was observed with atezolizumab + bevacizumab versus sorafenib (OS: hazard ratio [HR]: 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29, 1.34; PFS: HR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.36, 1.12). ORRs per IRF RECIST 1.1 and HCC mRECIST were 43% and 50% with atezolizumab + bevacizumab and 26% and 30% with sorafenib, respectively. Percentage change in SLD of target lesions from baseline per IRF RECIST 1.1 and HCC mRECIST showed durable responses with atezolizumab + bevacizumab treatment. Safety data were consistent with known profiles of atezolizumab and bevacizumab, as seen in the overall study population. Discussion/Conclusion: Efficacy benefits were observed with atezolizumab + bevacizumab in patients with baseline BCLC stage B disease, consistent with the intention-to-treat population.
TSAb Modulates Microglia M1 Polarization via Activation of the TSHR-Mediated NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liu Yuping , Yang Haiyan , Wu Xizhen , Kuang Yaqi , Ban Bixiu , Liang Ziyi , Li Li , Huang Zhenxing , Lu Decheng , Qin Yingfen , Liang Xinghuan , Luo Zuojie
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Thyrotropin receptor-stimulating antibody (TSAb) is a pathogenic antibody in the serum of patients with Graves’ disease. The binding of TSAb to thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) in non-thyroid tissue may be associated with the occurrence and development of Graves’ disease-related complications. However, only few studies have been conducted on the effects of TSAb on the brain, and the pathogenesis of acute hyperthyroidism myopathy (ATM) is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of TSAb on the polarization of BV-2 cells in the brain and its possible mechanism and provide a basic experimental basis for ATM. Methods: BV-2 cells were treated with different concentrations of TSAb. The relative survival rate of BV-2 cells was determined using the CCK-8 assay; the migration ability of BV-2 cells was detected using the Transwell migration assay; and the expression levels of M1/M2 polarization markers (CD86, inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS], CD206, and arginase 1 [Arg-1]), TSHR, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) protein in BV-2 cells were measured using WB. Results: Compared with the negative control group, the proliferative activity of BV-2 cells was significantly increased in the 20, 50, and 100 ng/mL TSAb groups, and the migration ability of BV-2 cells was significantly enhanced in the 50 and 100 ng/mL TSAb groups. The expression levels of M1 polarization markers (CD86 and iNOS), TSHR, TNF-α, and NF-κB protein in BV-2 cells treated with 50 and 100 ng/mL TSAb for 24 h were significantly upregulated, whereas those of M2 polarization markers (CD206 and Arg-1) significantly decreased. Conclusions: TSAb can induce abnormal activation of microglia, polarize to the M1 phenotype, and promote the inflammatory cascade reaction, in which TSHR plays a key role in NF-κB activation and proinflammatory cytokine release.
Plasma Level of Apelin as a Promising Factor for Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Feng Jing , Liang Ge , Gao Weiping , Li Xiaoqin , Wei Lin , Chang Hongyu , Zhang Xiaorui , Tao Yong
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relevance of plasma levels of apelin and other risk factors in infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods: This was a single-center cross-sectional study. Fifty preterm infants with ROP and 50 preterm infants without ROP were enrolled. The analysis included evaluation of gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW), and measurement of plasma concentrations of apelin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), erythropoietin (EPO), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The mean BW and GA of babies with ROP were considerably lower than those without ROP (p < 0.001, p = 0.003, respectively). Plasma levels of VEGF, EPO, and IGF-1 were all lower in babies with ROP (all p < 0.001), while plasma apelin levels were greater (p < 0.001). We compared the sensitivity and selected the best cut-offs while keeping the specificity constant (80.0%). Among all the criteria, plasma apelin levels had the best sensitivity (72%), with the cut-off of 21.08 pg/mL. Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that the plasma level of apelin was the only parameter associated with ROP (p = 0.02, OR = 16, 95% CI: 1.54–166.53). The area under the curve of the multivariable regression model that comprised GA, BW alone was 0.67, while that of the model that included apelin was 0.90. Conclusions: Plasma apelin level demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity with regard to the association of ROP; the inclusion of apelin may be a promising factor to include in screening criteria.
Prestígio da faculdade e sucesso profissional do economista no Brasil
Authors: Azzoni Carlos Roberto , Godinho Mateus Machado
Published: November 2022

Com base em questionários respondidos por 633 economistas filiados ao Corecon-SP, buscamos verificar a influência do prestígio da faculdade cursada na carreira dos economistas. Foram considerados o nível salarial e a posição hierárquica do cargo em três momentos da carreira. As conclusões indicam que o prestígio da faculdade impacta positivamente a entrada no mercado de trabalho nas três dimensões abordadas, mas que essa influência diminui ao longo da carreira. Dimensão igualmente importante é a qualidade do aluno ao longo do curso. Verificou-se também que as faculdades públicas apresentam influência mais positiva do que as privadas.
Carga tributária e ineficiência no setor público: análises de bem-estar e crescimento econômico
Authors: Lúcio Francisco Germano Carvalho , Bezerra Arley Rodrigues , Pereira Ricardo A. de Castro
Published: November 2022

Este estudo analisa os efeitos sobre os agregados macroeconômicos e o bem-estar de políticas de redução nos níveis de ineficiência do setor público e na carga tributária de formas isoladas e conjuntas. Utilizou-se um modelo de equilíbrio geral dinâmico computável calibrado para a economia brasileira. As simulações de políticas de cunho tributário mostraram ganhos significativos em relação às políticas de redução de ineficiência que gerariam equivalência de bem-estar. Considerando implementações simultâneas dessas políticas, os ganhos de bem-estar seriam potencializados, com resultados positivos nas variáveis macroeconômicas e no bem-estar. Tais resultados justificam um esforço de implementação.
Epsin Nanotherapy Regulates Cholesterol Transport to Fortify Atheroma Regression
Authors: Cui Kui , Gao Xinlei , Wang Beibei , Wu Hao , Arulsamy Kulandaisamy , Dong Yunzhou , Xiao Yuling , Jiang Xingya , Malovichko Marina V. , Li Kathryn , Peng Qianman , Lu Yao Wei , Zhu Bo , Zheng Rongbin , Wong Scott , Cowan Douglas B. , Linton MacRae , Srivastava Sanjay , Shi Jinjun , Chen Kaifu , Chen Hong
Published: November 2022

Background:

Excess cholesterol accumulation in lesional macrophages elicits complex responses in atherosclerosis. Epsins, a family of endocytic adaptors, fuel the progression of atherosclerosis; however, the underlying mechanism and therapeutic potential of targeting Epsins remains unknown. In this study, we determined the role of Epsins in macrophage-mediated metabolic regulation. We then developed an innovative method to therapeutically target macrophage Epsins with specially designed S2P-conjugated lipid nanoparticles, which encapsulate small-interfering RNAs to suppress Epsins.

Methods:

We used single-cell RNA sequencing with our newly developed algorithm MEBOCOST (Metabolite-mediated Cell Communication Modeling by Single Cell Transcriptome) to study cell-cell communications mediated by metabolites from sender cells and sensor proteins on receiver cells. Biomedical, cellular, and molecular approaches were utilized to investigate the role of macrophage Epsins in regulating lipid metabolism and transport. We performed this study using myeloid-specific Epsin double knockout (LysM-DKO) mice and mice with a genetic reduction of ABCG1 (ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 1; LysM-DKO-ABCG1
fl/+
). The nanoparticles targeting lesional macrophages were developed to encapsulate interfering RNAs to treat atherosclerosis.

Results:

We revealed that Epsins regulate lipid metabolism and transport in atherosclerotic macrophages. Inhibiting Epsins by nanotherapy halts inflammation and accelerates atheroma resolution. Harnessing lesional macrophage-specific nanoparticle delivery of Epsin small-interfering RNAs, we showed that silencing of macrophage Epsins diminished atherosclerotic plaque size and promoted plaque regression. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that Epsins bound to CD36 to facilitate lipid uptake by enhancing CD36 endocytosis and recycling. Conversely, Epsins promoted ABCG1 degradation via lysosomes and hampered ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux and reverse cholesterol transport. In a LysM-DKO-ABCG1
fl/+
mouse model, enhanced cholesterol efflux and reverse transport due to Epsin deficiency was suppressed by the reduction of ABCG1.

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest that targeting Epsins in lesional macrophages may offer therapeutic benefits for advanced atherosclerosis by reducing CD36-mediated lipid uptake and increasing ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux.
Impact of Diabetes on 10‐Year Outcomes Following ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Insights From the EXAMINATION‐EXTEND Trial
Authors: Spione Francesco , Arevalos Victor , Gabani Rami , Ortega‐Paz Luis , Gomez‐Lara Josep , Jimenez‐Diaz Victor , Jimenez Marcelo , Jiménez‐Quevedo Pilar , Diletti Roberto , Pineda Javier , Campo Gianluca , Silvestro Antonio , Maristany Jaume , Flores Xacobe , Oyarzabal Loreto , Bastos‐Fernandez Guillermo , Iñiguez Andrés , Serra Antonio , Escaned Javier , Ielasi Alfonso , Tespili Maurizio , Lenzen Mattie , Gonzalo Nieves , Bordes Pascual , Tebaldi Matteo , Biscaglia Simone , Al‐Shaibani Soheil , Romaguera Rafael , Gomez‐Hospital Joan Antoni , Rodes‐Cabau Josep , Serruys Patrick W. , Sabaté Manel , Brugaletta Salvatore
Published: November 2022

Background

Long‐term outcomes of ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes have been barely investigated. The objective of this analysis from the EXAMINATION‐EXTEND (10‐Years Follow‐Up of the EXAMINATION trial) trial was to compare 10‐year outcomes of patients with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction with and without diabetes.

Methods and Results

Of the study population, 258 patients had diabetes and 1240 did not. The primary end point was patient‐oriented composite end point of all‐cause death, any myocardial infarction, or any revascularization. Secondary end points were the individual components of the primary combined end point, cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization, and stent thrombosis. All end points were adjusted for potential confounders. At 10 years, patients with diabetes showed a higher incidence of patient‐oriented composite end point compared with those without (46.5% versus 33.0%; adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.31 [95% CI, 1.05–1.61];
P
=0.016) mainly driven by a higher incidence of any revascularization (24.4% versus 16.6%; adjusted HR, 1.61 [95% CI, 1.19–2.17];
P
=0.002). Specifically, patients with diabetes had a higher incidence of any revascularization during the first 5 years of follow‐up (20.2% versus 12.8%; adjusted HR, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.13–2.19];
P
=0.007) compared with those without diabetes. No statistically significant differences were found with respect to the other end points.

Conclusions

Patients with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction who had diabetes had worse clinical outcome at 10 years compared with those without diabetes, mainly driven by a higher incidence of any revascularizations in the first 5 years.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04462315.
Automated Quantification of Abnormal QRS Peaks From High‐Resolution ECGs Predicts Late Ventricular Arrhythmias in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A 5‐Year Prospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Suszko Adrian M. , Chakraborty Praloy , Viswanathan Karthik , Barichello Scott , Sapp John , Talajic Mario , Laksman Zachary , Yee Raymond , Woo Anna , Spears Danna , Adler Arnon , Rakowski Harry , Chauhan Vijay S.
Published: November 2022

Background

Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are at risk of ventricular arrhythmia (VA) attributed to abnormal electrical activation arising from myocardial fibrosis and myocyte disarray. We sought to quantify intra‐QRS peaks (QRSp) in high‐resolution ECGs as a measure of abnormal activation to predict late VA in patients with HCM.

Methods and Results

Prospectively enrolled patients with HCM (n=143, age 53±14 years) with prophylactic implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators had 3‐minute, high‐resolution (1024 Hz), digital 12‐lead ECGs recorded during intrinsic rhythm. For each precordial lead, QRSp was defined as the total number of peaks detected in the QRS complex that deviated from a smoothing filtered version of the QRS. The VA end point was appropriate implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator therapy during 5‐year prospective follow‐up. After 5 years, 21 (16%) patients had VA. Patients who were VA positive had greater QRSp (6.0 [4.0–7.0] versus 4.0 [2.0–5.0];
P
<0.01) and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (57±11 versus 62±9;
P
=0.038) compared with patients who were VA negative, but had similar established HCM risk metrics. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that QRSp discriminated VA (area under the curve=0.76;
P
<0.001), with a QRSp ≥4 achieving 91% sensitivity and 39% specificity. The annual VA rate was greater in patients with QRSp ≥4 versus QRSp <4 (4.4% versus 0.98%;
P
=0.012). In multivariable Cox regression, age <50 years (hazard ratio [HR], 2.53;
P
=0.009) and QRSp (HR per QRS peak, 1.41;
P
=0.009) predicted VA after adjusting for established HCM risk metrics. In patients aged <50 years, the annual VA rate was 0.0% for QRSp <4 compared with 6.9% for QRSp ≥4 (
P
=0.012).

Conclusions

QRSp predicted VA in patients with HCM who were eligible for an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator after adjusting for established HCM risk metrics, such that each additional QRS peak increases VA risk by 40%. QRSp <4 was associated with a <1% annual VA risk in all patients, and no VA risk among those aged <50 years. This novel ECG metric may improve patient selection for prophylactic implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator therapy by identifying those with low VA risk. These findings require further validation in a lower risk HCM cohort.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02560844.
Natural History of Leaflet Thrombosis After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A 5‐Year Follow‐Up Study
Authors: Imaeda Shohei , Inohara Taku , Yoshijima Nobuhiro , Kobari Yusuke , Myojin Sosuke , Ryuzaki Toshinobu , Hattori Osamu , Shinada Keitaro , Tsuruta Hikaru , Takahashi Tatsuo , Yamazaki Masataka , Kato Jungo , Yamada Yoshitake , Jinzaki Masahiro , Shimizu Hideyuki , Fukuda Keiichi , Hayashida Kentaro
Published: November 2022

Background

Subclinical leaflet thrombosis, characterized by hypoattenuated leaflet thickening (HALT) on multidetector computed tomography, is common after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Because little is known about the long‐term natural history of subclinical HALT, we aimed to investigate this in patients who underwent TAVR without using additional anticoagulation.

Methods and Results

We retrospectively evaluated patients who underwent TAVR with the Edwards SAPIEN‐XT at our institute between October 2013 and December 2015. Patients were grouped according to the presence or absence of HALT within 1 year after TAVR (HALT and No‐HALT groups). The primary outcome, defined as the composite of all‐cause mortality, heart failure readmission, and ischemic stroke, was compared. Valve performance was assessed over time by transthoracic echocardiography. Among 124 patients (men: 29.1%; median age, 85 years), 27 (21.8%) showed HALT on multidetector computed tomography within 1 year after TAVR. No patient required additional anticoagulation for treating HALT because of the absence of valve‐related symptomatic deterioration. During the median follow‐up period of 4.7 years (interquartile range, 4.0–5.6), the rate of primary outcome and valve performance was not statistically different between the 2 groups (37.0% versus 38.1%; log‐rank test
P
=0.92; mean pressure gradient, 9 mm Hg [8–14 mm Hg] versus 10 mm Hg [7–15 mm Hg];
P
=0.51, respectively).

Conclusions

Approximately 20% of patients after TAVR had HALT within 1 year; however, that did not change the risk of subsequent adverse cardiovascular events or the valve performance with statistical significance for up to 5 years despite no additional anticoagulation therapy.
Relationship Between Optical Coherence Tomography–Derived In‐Stent Neoatherosclerosis and the Extent of Lipid‐Rich Neointima by Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy and Intravascular Ultrasound: A Multimodal Imaging Study
Authors: Takeuchi Mitsuhiro , Dohi Tomotaka , Matsumura Mitsuaki , Fukase Tatsuya , Nishio Ryota , Takahashi Norihito , Endo Hirohisa , Nishiyama Hiroki , Doi Shinichiro , Okai Iwao , Iwata Hiroshi , Okazaki Shinya , Miyauchi Katsumi , Daida Hiroyuki , Minamino Tohru
Published: November 2022

Background

In‐stent restenosis, especially for neoatherosclerosis, is a major concern following percutaneous coronary intervention. This study aimed to elucidate the association of features of in‐stent restenosis lesions revealed by optical coherence tomography (OCT)/optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) and the extent of lipid‐rich neointima (LRN) assessed by near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and intravascular ultrasound, especially for neoatherosclerosis.

Methods and Results

We analyzed patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for in‐stent restenosis lesions using both OCT/OFDI and NIRS–intravascular ultrasound. OCT/OFDI‐derived neoatherosclerosis was defined as lipid neointima. The existence of large LRN (defined as a long segment with 4‐mm maximum lipid core burden index ≥400) was evaluated by NIRS. In 59 patients with 64 lesions, neoatherosclerosis and large LRN were observed in 17 (26.6%) and 21 lesions (32.8%), respectively. Naturally, large LRN showed higher 4‐mm maximum lipid core burden index (median [interquartile range], 623 [518–805] versus 176 [0–524];
P
<0.001). In OCT/OFDI findings, large LRN displayed lower minimal lumen area (0.9±0.4 versus 1.3±0.6 mm
2
;
P
=0.02) and greater max lipid arc (median [interquartile range], 272° [220°–360°] versus 193° [132°–247°];
P
=0.004). In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, 4‐mm maximum lipid core burden index was the best predictor for neoatherosclerosis, with a cutoff value of 405 (area under curve, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.83–1.00]). In multivariable logistic analysis, only low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (odds ratio, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.11–2.08]) was an independent predictor for large LRNs.

Conclusions

NIRS‐derived large LRN was significantly associated with neoatherosclerosis by OCT/OFDI. The neointimal characterization by NIRS–intravascular ultrasound has potential as an alternative method of OCT/OFDI for in‐stent restenosis lesions.
A new prosodic reconstruction of Proto-Indo-European *-mon-stems
Authors: Yates Anthony D.
Published: November 2022

It is widely thought that (i) Proto-Indo-European had *-mon-stem nominals formed by internal derivation from neuter *-men-stems and that (ii) these *-mon-stems were characterized by “amphikinetic” inflection, thus stressed full-grade of the root in their strong case forms (*R(é)-mon-). This paper challenges the latter claim, arguing that these forms instead had stem-final stress (*R(e)-món-). I adduce prosodic evidence in support of this alternative reconstruction from Lithuanian, Greek, Hittite, and above all Vedic Sanskrit, where the attested reflexes of these *-mon-stems consistently show stem-final stress. I then propose a new account of their root full-grade, which on this new reconstruction is phonologically irregular, since it surfaces in a pretonic syllable. I contend that this full-grade was synchronically transferred from their neuter *-men-stem bases. In this respect, internally derived *-mon-stems are shown to pattern morphophonologically with other reconstructible non-primary derivatives, which similarly acquire their root vocalism from their derivational bases.
Pytinicarpa (Asteraceae, Astereae) in New Caledonia
Authors: LANNUZEL GUILLAUME , PIGNAL MARC , GÂTEBLÉ GILDAS
Published: November 2022

The genus Pytinicarpa G.L.Nesom is taxonomically revised in New Caledonia with four species recognised. The circumscription of one previously published species, P. sarasinii (Däniker) G.L.Nesom, is discussed and updated, and P. neocaledonica (Guillaumin) G.L.Nesom is placed in its synonymy. The name P. comptonii Gâteblé, Lannuzel & M.Pignal, nom. nov. is proposed to accommodate the former Lagenophora neocaledonica S.Moore in Pytinicarpa, and its lectotype is designated. Two new narrowly endemic species are also described. The first is from the top of Mount Kaala massif with the name P. kaalaensis Lannuzel, Gâteblé & M.Pignal, sp. nov. The second, P. tonitrui Lannuzel, Gateblé & M.Pignal, sp. nov. is from the Babouillat peninsula, and is supposedly extinct, as extensive field research did not allow to find it. The four species are fully described, illustrated, and keyed. The distribution, ecological affinities, and threats for the four species are discussed to support the assessments of conservation status for two of them as Endangered (EN), one as Critically Endangered (CR) and one as Extinct (EX), following the IUCN Red List guidelines and criteria.
Camellia piloflora (Theaceae), a new yellow camellia from Guangxi, South China
Authors: ZHANG QIONG , WU FANG-YUAN , HUANG YAO-HENG , MA JIN-LIN , YANG SHI-XIONG
Published: November 2022

Camellia piloflora, a new yellow camellia from southwestern Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. Morphologically, it is closest related to C. debaoensis, but differs by its puberulent sepals, pubescent filaments, and tomentose ovary and style.
Hymenocallis ximixtlanensis (Amaryllidaceae), a new species from the state of Guerrero, Mexico
Authors: JIMÉNEZ RAMÍREZ JAIME , CRUZ DURÁN RAMIRO , GARCÍA GRANADOS MA. ELENA
Published: November 2022

Hymenocallis ximixtlanensis is described and illustrated as a new species for science. This taxonomic entity has similarity with H. graminifolia. However, it is distinguished from the latter by presenting wider leaves (1.9–2.2(–2.8) vs. 0.5–0.7 cm), much longer floral tubes (12–14.2 vs. ca. 4 cm), longer anthers (ca. 2 vs. 1.4 cm), and ovaries with four ovules in each locule (4 vs. 2).
Two new species of the genus Dactyloscirus (Acari: Prostigmata: Bdelloidea: Cunaxidae) from Sumatra, Indonesia, with a key to known species
Authors: CORPUZ-RAROS LEONILA A. , NAREDO JEREMY C.B. , LIT IRENEO L. JR , CAASI-LIT MERDELYN T.
Published: November 2022

Two new species of predatory cunaxid mites belonging to the genus Dactyloscirus are described: Dactyloscirus sumatranus Corpuz-Raros and Naredo sp. n. and D. ladangjagung Corpuz-Raros and Lit sp. n. Both inhabit soil in corn fields in Sumatra Island, Indonesia. Dactyloscirus. sumatranus closely resembles D. dolichosetosus Den Heyer, 1979, but differs in having the basal half of chelicera strongly inflated, about four times thicker than in the distal half (vs. slender and gradually tapered), hysterosomal setae f1 and h1 at least twice as long as the anterior pairs c1-e1 (vs. only slightly longer), and famulus of tarsus I only ¾ the length of the closely associated asl (vs. longer). Dactyloscirus ladangjagung resembles D. hoffmannae Swift, 1996, but differs by the number of setae on some leg segments, namely, basifemora (5-5-3-2 vs. 5-5-3-1 sts) and tibiae (5-5-5-4 vs. 4-5-4-2 sts), and in having setae g4 the longest of genital setae (vs. setae g3). An updated key to 30 known Dactyloscirus species is provided.
Two new species of Kamimuria (Plecoptera, Perlidae) from China
Authors: LI KEFAN , LI WEIHAI
Published: November 2022

Kamimuria hunanensis sp. n. and Kamimuria ziwulinga sp. n., two new perlid stoneflies from Hunan and Shaanxi provinces, respectively, are described as new to science. Their morphological characters are described and compared to related congeners. The distributions of all Kamimuria species known from China are summarized.
Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia Mimicking Multiple Pulmonary Metastases
Authors: Orseck Michael J. , Player Keith C. , Woollen Claude D. , Kelley Henry , White Peter F.
Published: November 2022

A 45-year-old woman with no history of cancer presented with a radiological and clinical diagnosis of metastatic tumor in the lungs. On the basis of the findings, the patient underwent an extensive investigation attempting to locate a primary tumor. After an unsuccessful workup, the patient was referred for biopsy, which showed findings of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP). This case illustrates that the clinical, roentgenographic, and CT findings of BOOP are nonspecific and in some cases can be confused with those of metastatic tumor in the lungs.
Accidental Injuries by HIV-Contaminated Instruments in Health Provider or Research Environments: Can Seroconversion be Prevented?
Authors: Fokin Alexander A. , Robicsek Francis , Masters Thomas N.
Published: November 2022

The rate of seroconversion from percutaneous needlestick exposure to HIV infection is approximately 0.3 per cent. To investigate the possibility of local confinement of HIV, 100 to 200 nm Tc-99m sulfur colloid particles were injected in the canine model subcutaneously at the knee level and collected proximally at the groin from the cannulated femoral vein and lymphatic channel. Tourniquet compression (250 mm Hg) was used as an intervention to possibly restrict particle spread. It was found that particles arrived in the blood at 2.81 ± 0.54 minutes, with later arrival in the lymph at 6.0 ± 1.47 minutes. Tourniquet application delayed the appearance of the particulate matter in the blood up to 7.11 ± 1.5 minutes and in lymph up to 40.0 ± 5.10 minutes. The concentration of radioactivity in the lymph was higher than in the venous blood. The distribution of the particles reflected by flux was comparable in both pathways. The accumulation curves did not reach plateaus during 45 minutes in lymph and 15 minutes in blood. Radioactive scanning revealed that about 90 per cent of the injected particles remained locally with gradual release for at least 45 minutes. Our results suggest that HIV, introduced by needlestick injury, can be contained for possible viricidal treatment if the response includes rapid immobilization and tourniquet of the area.
Comparison of Tamoxifen with Danazol in the Management of Idiopathic Gynecomastia
Authors: Ting Albert C.W. , Chow Louis W.C. , Leung Y.F.
Published: November 2022

Idiopathic gynecomastia, unilateral or bilateral, is a common physical finding in normal men. Successful treatment using tamoxifen (antiestrogen) and danazol (antiandrogen) has recently been reported. We compared the efficacy of tamoxifen and danazol in the treatment of idiopathic gynecomastia. We reviewed the clinical records of patients with idiopathic gynecomastia presenting to the Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, between August 1990 and September 1995. Medical treatment with either tamoxifen (20 mg/d) or danazol (400 mg/d) was offered and continued until a static response was achieved. The treatment response was compared. Sixty-eight patients with idiopathic gynecomastia were seen in the Breast Clinic. The median age was 39.5 years (range, 13–82), with a median duration of symptoms of 3 months (range, 1–90). The median size was 3 cm (range, 1–7). Twenty-three patients were treated with tamoxifen and 20 with danazol. Complete resolution of the gynecomastia was recorded in 18 patients (78.2%) treated with tamoxifen, whereas only 8 patients (40%) in the danazol group had complete resolution. Five patients, all from the tamoxifen group, developed recurrence of breast mass. In conclusion, hormonal manipulation is effective in the treatment of patients with idiopathic gynecomastia. Although the effect is more marked for tamoxifen compared with danazol, the relapse rate is higher for tamoxifen. Further prospective randomized studies would be useful in defining the role of these drugs in the management of patients with idiopathic gynecomastia.
Fibrin Glue Reduces Intra-Abdominal Adhesions to Synthetic Mesh in a Rat Ventral Hernia Model
Authors: Toosie Katayoun , Gallego Kelly , Stabile Bruce E. , Schaber Bethann , French Samuel , De Virgilio Christian
Published: November 2022

Postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In this study, the effect of topical fibrin glue (FG) on adhesion formation in a rat model was investigated. Forty Sprague-Dawley male rats underwent midline laparotomy. Bilateral peritoneal-muscular abdominal wall defects were created and then replaced with premeasured soft tissue Goretex patches. Rats were randomized to FG sprayed over the patches or to a control group. Two observers blinded to the randomization assessed the severity of adhesions to the patch by scoring the density of adhesions (grades 0–3) and the percentage of the patch area covered by adhesions (0–100%). The mean percentage of the patch covered by adhesions was 32.8 ± 6.1 per cent for the FG group versus 57.9 ± 6.7 per cent for the control group ( P < 0.01). The mean density of adhesions for the FG group was 0.95 (±0.17) versus 2.0 (±0.21) for the control group ( P = 0.001). Topical FG reduces the severity and density of intra-abdominal adhesions in a rat model.
Malignant Tumors of the Small Intestine: A Review of 144 Cases
Authors: North James H. , Pack Mark S.
Published: November 2022

Cancer of the small intestine represents less than two per cent of all the malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Because they are infrequent tumors, a review of a tumor registry was performed to analyze response to treatment of the disease and prognostic factors. A retrospective review of patients with primary cancer of the small intestine was performed using the Department of Defense Tumor Registry. The registry was accessed to determine stage, types of cancer, intervention, and patient outcomes. TNM staging and follow-up were available on 144 patients from 1970 to 1996. Median follow-up was 38.9 months. There were 92 (64%) males and 52 (38%) females. The median age was 55.7 years. The types of small intestinal cancer included 68 patients (47%) with adenocarcinoma, 41 patients (28%) with carcinoid, 18 patients (13%) with leiomyosarcoma, and 17 patients (12%) with lymphoma. The overall 5-year survival was 57 per cent and the median survival was 52 months. Survival of patients with adenocarcinoma was not dependent on location within the small bowel. Survival was best for early-stage tumors and when lesions could be completely resected.