bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Super-Short-Term” Study Abroad in Japan: A Dramatic Increase
Authors: Shimmi Yukiko , Ota Hiroshi
Published: June 2018

In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase of Japanese students participating in “super-short-term” study-abroad programs, lasting from one week up to one month. This reflects a growing global trend among college students, especially in developed countries. This article discusses the background of this trend in Japan as well as emerging challenges.
Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education in the Philippines
Authors: Lim Miguel Antonio , Lomer Sylvie , Millora Christopher
Published: June 2018

The Philippines has recently introduced a subsidy for tuition fees to enable universal access to higher education. There has been a heated debate about the Act’s sustainability and its implications for equity. We examine these issues and argue that, despite concerns, this move is a strategic long-term investment for the country.
Lateral interactions between protofilaments of the bacterial tubulin homolog FtsZ are essential for cell division
Authors: Guan Fenghui , Yu Jiayu , Yu Jie , Liu Yang , Li Ying , Feng Xin-Hua , Huang Kerwyn Casey , Chang Zengyi , Ye Sheng
Published: June 2018

The prokaryotic tubulin homolog FtsZ polymerizes into protofilaments, which further assemble into higher-order structures at future division sites to form the Z-ring, a dynamic structure essential for bacterial cell division. The precise nature of interactions between FtsZ protofilaments that organize the Z-ring and their physiological significance remain enigmatic. In this study, we solved two crystallographic structures of a pair of FtsZ protofilaments, and demonstrated that they assemble in an antiparallel manner through the formation of two different inter-protofilament lateral interfaces. Our in vivo photocrosslinking studies confirmed that such lateral interactions occur in living cells, and disruption of the lateral interactions rendered cells unable to divide. The inherently weak lateral interactions enable FtsZ protofilaments to self-organize into a dynamic Z-ring. These results have fundamental implications for our understanding of bacterial cell division and for developing antibiotics that target this key process.
Review of Recent Studies on Solution Combustion Synthesis of Nanostructured Catalysts
Authors: Thoda Olga , Xanthopoulou Galina , Vekinis George , Chroneos Alexandros
Published: June 2018

Solution combustion synthesis (SCS) is a relatively new method for synthesizing catalytic materials with many distinct advantages: simplicity of method, short reaction times, and the capability to regulate crystal lattice parameters and thereby the activity and selectivity of catalysts. Over the last years, SCS has been used for the production and study of a multitude of new catalytic materials. This review considers and discusses the recent developments and trends in SCS of nanocatalysts, while special attention is paid to the development and applications of nanostructured catalysts.
Programming of Multicomponent Temporal Release Profiles in 3D Printed Polypills via Core–Shell, Multilayer, and Gradient Concentration Profiles
Authors: Haring Alexander P. , Tong Yuxin , Halper Justin , Johnson Blake N.
Published: June 2018

Additive manufacturing (AM) appears poised to provide novel pharmaceutical technology and controlled release systems, yet understanding the effects of processing and post‐processing operations on pill design, quality, and performance remains a significant barrier. This paper reports a study of the relationship between programmed concentration profile and resultant temporal release profile using a 3D printed polypill system consisting of a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved excipient (Pluronic F‐127) and therapeutically relevant dosages of three commonly used oral agents for treatment of type 2 diabetes (300–500 mg per pill). A dual‐extrusion hydrogel microextrusion process enables the programming of three unique concentration profiles, including core–shell, multilayer, and gradient structures. Experimental and computational studies of diffusive mass transfer processes reveal that programmed concentration profiles are dynamic throughout both pill 3D printing and solidification. Spectrophotometric assays show that the temporal release profiles could be selectively programmed to exhibit delayed, pulsed, or constant profiles over a 5 h release period by utilizing the core–shell, multilayer, and gradient distributions, respectively. Ultimately, this work provides new insights into the mass transfer processes that affect design, quality, and performance of spatially graded controlled release systems, as well as demonstrating the potential to create disease‐specific polypill technology with programmable temporal release profiles.
Stretchable Ionics – A Promising Candidate for Upcoming Wearable Devices
Authors: Lee Hae‐Ryung , Kim Chong‐Chan , Sun Jeong‐Yun
Published: June 2018

As many devices for human utility aim for fast and convenient communication with users, superb electronic devices are demonstrated to serve as hardware for human–machine interfaces in wearable forms. Wearable devices for daily healthcare and self‐diagnosis offer more human‐like properties unconstrained by deformation. In this sense, stretchable ionics based on flexible and stretchable hydrogels are on the rise as another means to develop wearable devices for bioapplications for two main reasons: i) ionic currents and choosing the same signal carriers for biological areas, and ii) the adoption of hydrogel ionic conductors, which are intrinsically stretchable materials with biocompatibility. Here, the current status of stretchable ionics and future applications are introduced, whose positive effects can be magnified by stretchable ionics.
What Can We Learn from Solid State NMR on the Electrode–Electrolyte Interface?
Authors: Haber Shira , Leskes Michal
Published: June 2018

Rechargeable battery cells are composed of two electrodes separated by an ion‐conducting electrolyte. While the energy density of the cell is mostly determined by the redox potential of the electrodes and amount of charge they can store, the processes at the electrode–electrolyte interface govern the battery's lifetime and performance. Viable battery cells rely on unimpeded ion transport across this interface, which depends on its composition and structure. These properties are challenging to determine as interfacial phases are thin, disordered, heterogeneous, and can be very reactive. The recent developments and applications of solid state NMR spectroscopy in the study of interfacial phenomena in rechargeable batteries based on lithium and sodium chemistries are reviewed. The different NMR interactions are surveyed and how these are used to shed light on the chemical composition and architecture of interfacial phases as well as directly probe ion transport across them is described. By combining new methods in solid state NMR spectroscopy with other analytical tools, a holistic description of the electrode–electrolyte interface can be obtained. This will enable the design of improved interfaces for developing battery cells with high energy, high power, and longer lifetime.
Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Effects on the Optical Process in Advanced Materials and Devices
Authors: Zhang Yang , Jie Wenjing , Chen Ping , Liu Weiwei , Hao Jianhua
Published: June 2018

Piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials have shown great potential for control of the optical process in emerging materials. There are three ways for them to impact on the optical process in various materials. They can act as external perturbations, such as ferroelectric gating and piezoelectric strain, to tune the optical properties of the materials and devices. Second, ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity as innate attributes may exist in some optoelectronic materials, which can couple with other functional features (e.g., semiconductor transport, photoexcitation, and photovoltaics) in the materials giving rise to unprecedented device characteristics. The last way is artificially introducing optical functionalities into ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials and devices, which provides an opportunity for investigating the intriguing interplay between the parameters (e.g., electric field, temperature, and strain) and the introduced optical properties. Here, the tuning strategies, fundamental mechanisms, and recent progress in ferroelectric and piezoelectric effects modulating the optical properties of a wide spectrum of materials, including lanthanide‐doped phosphors, quantum dots, 2D materials, wurtzite‐type semiconductors, and hybrid perovskites, are presented. Finally, the future outlook and challenges of this exciting field are suggested.
Lead‐Chalcogenide Colloidal‐Quantum‐Dot Solids: Novel Assembly Methods, Electronic Structure Control, and Application Prospects
Authors: Balazs Daniel M. , Loi Maria Antonietta
Published: June 2018

The quest for novel semiconductors with easy, cheap fabrication and tailorable properties has led to the development of several classes of materials, such as semiconducting polymers, carbon nanotubes, hybrid perovskites, and colloidal quantum dots. All these candidates can be processed from the liquid phase, enabling easy fabrication, and are suitable for different electronic and optoelectronic applications. Here, recent developments in the field of colloidal‐quantum‐dot solids are discussed, with a focus on lead‐chalcogenide systems. These include novel deposition methods; the recent growing understanding of their fundamental properties, driven by major successes in the control of the nanostructured assembly and surface chemistry; and selected reports on lab‐scale devices showing the technological prospects of these fascinating class of materials.
Single Tungsten Atoms Supported on MOF‐Derived N‐Doped Carbon for Robust Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Chen Wenxing , Pei Jiajing , He Chun‐Ting , Wan Jiawei , Ren Hanlin , Wang Yu , Dong Juncai , Wu Konglin , Cheong Weng‐Chon , Mao Junjie , Zheng Xusheng , Yan Wensheng , Zhuang Zhongbin , Chen Chen , Peng Qing , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong
Published: June 2018

Tungsten‐based catalysts are promising candidates to generate hydrogen effectively. In this work, a single‐W‐atom catalyst supported on metal–organic framework (MOF)‐derived N‐doped carbon (W‐SAC) for efficient electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), with high activity and excellent stability is reported. High‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF‐STEM) and X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy analysis indicate the atomic dispersion of the W species, and reveal that the W1N1C3 moiety may be the favored local structure for the W species. The W‐SAC exhibits a low overpotential of 85 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope of 53 mV dec−1, in 0.1 m KOH solution. The HER activity of the W‐SAC is almost equal to that of commercial Pt/C. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation suggests that the unique structure of the W1N1C3 moiety plays an important role in enhancing the HER performance. This work gives new insights into the investigation of efficient and practical W‐based HER catalysts.
Phosphorene/ZnO Nano‐Heterojunctions for Broadband Photonic Nonvolatile Memory Applications
Authors: Hu Liang , Yuan Jun , Ren Yi , Wang Yan , Yang Jia‐Qin , Zhou Ye , Zeng Yu‐Jia , Han Su‐Ting , Ruan Shuangchen
Published: June 2018

High‐performance photonic nonvolatile memory combining photosensing and data storage with low power consumption ensures the energy efficiency of computer systems. This study first reports in situ derived phosphorene/ZnO hybrid heterojunction nanoparticles and their application in broadband‐response photonic nonvolatile memory. The photonic nonvolatile memory consistently exhibits broadband response from ultraviolet (380 nm) to near infrared (785 nm), with controllable shifts of the SET voltage. The broadband resistive switching is attributed to the enhanced photon harvesting, a fast exciton separation, as well as the formation of an oxygen vacancy filament in the nano‐heterojunction. In addition, the device exhibits an excellent stability under air exposure compared with reported pristine phosphorene‐based nonvolatile memory. The superior antioxidation capacity is believed to originate from the fast transfer of lone‐pair electrons of phosphorene. The unique assembly of phosphorene/ZnO nano‐heterojunctions paves the way toward multifunctional broadband‐response data‐storage techniques.
Encapsulation efficiency and release of citral using methylcellulose as emulsifier and interior wall material in composite polysaccharide microcapsules
Authors: Zhou You , Yin Xueqiong , Chen Juan , Feng Dachun , Zhu Li
Published: June 2018

To better explore the encapsulation efficiency of citral microcapsules through spray‐drying, amphiphilic methylcellulose (MC) was used as the emulsifier and the interior wall material, with chitosan (CTS) and alginate (ALG) as the composite external wall materials. The sequence and proportion of wall materials were compared and optimized based on the stability of the emulsions and citral content in the microcapsules. MC/CTS/ALG was the best wall material for citral microencapsulation. Formulation comprising 1.5 ml citral, 0.8 g MC, 1.0 g CTS, and 6.0 g ALG had the best entrapment of citral, resulting in citral unit content of 46.4 mg/g and the encapsulation efficiency of 82.2%. Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy images expressed distinct spherical core–shell structure of the microcapsules. Citral microcapsules absorbed water during storage, which resulted in particle size increase and cracks in the microcapsules surface. Water absorption properties in common used environments (open in air, sealed plastic bag, glass bottle) were investigated. CoCl2 microcapsules were used to intuitively express the water absorption through the color change. The results are referential for industry to select proper wall materials and storage conditions for spice microcapsules to increase the shelf life of relevant foods.
Process intensification of distillation using a microwick technology to demonstrate separation of propane and propylene
Authors: Bottenus Danny , Caldwell Dustin , Fischer Christopher , Humble Paul , Powell Michael , Lucke Richard , TeGrotenhuis Ward
Published: June 2018

Process intensification (PI) of distillation using a microchannel distillation (MCD) device successfully reduced the height of a theoretical plate (HETP) in separating propane and propylene to 1.2 cm, representing 10 theoretical stages. Mass transfer is enhanced using thin wicking structures that are 0.17 mm thick in counterflow with vapor. Liquid is segregated in the wicks by applying a siphon relative to the vapor phase, which also enables the device to operate horizontally. A scalable device containing 11 wicks was operated cryogenically in total reflux. The HETP varied between 1.2 and 4.5 cm, representing a dramatic reduction over commercial structured packings and comparable to other PI approaches. Significant improvements are expected with further development. Potential application for intensified distillation processes include distributed manufacturing and difficult separations involving close boiling compounds and meeting high purity specifications. The ultimate application is isotopic enrichment, where the number of stages required is typically multiple thousands. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 3690–3699, 2018
Revisiting electrolyte thermodynamic models: Insights from molecular simulations
Authors: Hossain Nazir , Ravichandran Ashwin , Khare Rajesh , Chen Chau‐Chyun
Published: June 2018

Pitzer and electrolyte nonrandom two‐liquid (eNRTL) models are the two most widely used electrolyte thermodynamic models. For aqueous sodium chloride (NaCl) solution, both models correlate the experimental mean ionic activity coefficient (γ±) data satisfactorily up to salt saturation concentration, that is, ionic strength around 6 m. However, beyond 6 m, the model extrapolations deviate significantly and diverge from each other. We examine this divergence by calculating the mean ionic activity coefficient over a wide range of concentration based on molecular simulations and Kirkwood–Buff theory. The asymptotic behavior of the activity coefficient predicted by the eNRTL model is consistent with the molecular simulation results and supersaturation experimental data. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical EngineersAIChE J, 64: 3728–3734, 2018
Oxygen mass transfer in a gas/membrane/liquid system surrogate of membrane blood oxygenators
Authors: Faria Mónica , Moreira Cíntia , Mendonça Eusébio Tiago , de Pinho Maria Norberta , Brogueira Pedro , Semião Viriato
Published: June 2018

Oxygen mass transfer in a membrane blood oxygenator (MBO) surrogate system has been addressed in this work. It consists of a slit for water circulation as a surrogate blood flow channel and a constant pressure oxygen chamber separated by an integral asymmetric hemocompatible polyurethane‐based membrane. The oxygenated stream enters a well‐mixed reservoir of constant volume,V, for the oxygen average concentration,, measurement as a function of time,t.In a range of short times, the linearity ofvs.tallows the direct determination of the permeation fluxes, with no recourse to dimensionless correlations for the determination of mass‐transfer coefficients. The experimental fluxes are in very good agreement with the predictions based in unidimensional axial convection and unidimensional transversal diffusion. This custom‐made benchmark system allows the optimization of the flow and oxygen mass transfer for the design of a novel flat‐sheet MBO. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical EngineersAIChE J, 64: 3756–3763, 2018
Modeling flow distribution and pressure drop in redox flow batteries
Authors: MacDonald Malcolm , Darling Robert M.
Published: June 2018

The combination of interdigitated flow fields (IDFF) with porous electrodes offers lower pressure drop and better performance than conventional flow‐through porous electrodes in redox flow batteries. Comprehensive three‐dimensional and simplified one‐dimensional + two‐dimensional models describing flow uniformity and pressure losses within flow through, parallel, and interdigitated flow fields were developed and used to demonstrate the benefits of IDFF. Analytical solutions for IDFF that compare favorably with computational fluid dynamics quantify the trade between pressure loss and velocity maldistribution both along the channels and within the electrode. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 3746–3755, 2018
Highly efficient separation of methane from nitrogen on a squarate‐based metal‐organic framework
Authors: Li Liangying , Yang Lifeng , Wang Jiawei , Zhang Zhiguo , Yang Qiwei , Yang Yiwen , Ren Qilong , Bao Zongbi
Published: June 2018

Highly selective capture of methane from nitrogen is considered to be a feasible approach to improve the heating value of methane and mitigate the effects of global warming. In this work, an ultramicroporous squarate‐based metal‐organic framework (MOF), [Co3(C4O4)2(OH)2] (C4O42− = squarate), with enhanced negative oxygen binding sites was synthesized for the first time and used as adsorbent for efficient separation of methane and nitrogen. Adsorption performance of this material was evaluated by single‐component adsorption isotherms and breakthrough experiments. Furthermore, density functional theory calculation was performed to gain the deep insight into the adsorption binding sites. Compared with the other state‐of‐the‐art materials, this material exhibited the highest adsorption selectivity (8.5–12.5) of methane over nitrogen as well as the moderate volumetric uptake of methane (19.81 cm3/cm3) under ambient condition. The unprecedented selectivity and chemical stability guaranteed this MOF as a candidate adsorbent to capture CH4 from N2, especially for the unconventional natural gas upgrading. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 3681–3689, 2018
Occupational diseases in Italian national priority contaminated sites
Authors: Marinaccio Alessandro , Binazzi Alessandra , Bonafede Michela , Altimari Antonella , Boscioni Roberto , Corfiati Marisa , Clemente Marta , Brusco Adelina
Published: June 2018

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the occupational health risks in the Italian National Priority Contaminated Sites (NPCSs).

Methods

Established cases of occupational diseases in 2010‐2014 were extracted from the Italian National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work (INAIL) archives. Standardized incidence ratios with 95% confidence intervals were estimated by site and by disease group separately for genders.

Results

In the 44 NPCSs evaluated, 11 015 cases of occupational diseases (8877 in men and 2138 in women) were ascertained. Overall, an excess of occupational diseases with respect to expected cases of 24.2% was found in men residing in NPCSs. An increased occurrence was detected in 21 NPCSs for men and in eight for women.

Conclusions

The findings suggest a role of occupational diseases in the health profile of NPCSs, reinforcing the need for a permanent surveillance system.
Family Support Groups for Family Members of Mentally Ill Offenders: Therapeutic Factors
Authors: Rowaert Sara , Vandevelde Stijn , Audenaert Kurt , Lemmens Gilbert
Published: June 2018

This study investigates therapeutic factors of a Family Support Group (FSG) intervention for family members of mentally ill offenders. Seventeen family members completed the ‘Group Therapeutic Factors‐Client Questionnaire’ (GTF‐CQ‐28) during four sessions of two FSGs. Results indicate that family members experienced the following therapeutic factors over the course of treatment: the relational climate, interactional confirmation, expressing and experiencing mutual positive feelings, forgetting own problems, hope from seeing progress in others, guidance from therapists, and getting interpersonal feedback treatment. The therapeutic factors, including learning by observation, support from the group, and universality of problems, correlated with a decrease in self‐blame, improved emotional well‐being, and experiencing less loss of control over one's life, respectively. Further, family members were satisfied with what the FSG has provided for them personally and for the relation with their relative. Finally, clinical implications of the FSG are discussed. The study sheds light on valuable therapeutic factors within an FSG and the important role of therapists.
Family Therapy and the Pedagogy of the Oppressed: Therapeutic Use of Songs in Apartheid South Africa
Authors: Nwoye Augustine
Published: June 2018

A central issue for family therapy is the critical question of how to define its role in influencing social change. Family therapy has tended to focus on how to liberate and empower individual clients, not communities, from the travails of tradition. This article highlights social change mechanisms implemented by the oppressed majority in South Africa during the apartheid period. It draws inspiration from the pedagogy of the oppressed articulated by Steve Biko and other members of his generation. This enabled the Black majority in South Africa ‘to name their world by reflecting on their conditions, imagining a better world, and then taking action to create it’ (Freire, 1968, p. 253) through the use of revolutionary songs that resulted in the collapse of the cruel apartheid system. The implications for family therapy are discussed.
An efficient heterogeneous cross‐coupling of aryl iodides with diphenylphosphine catalyzed by copper (I) immobilized in MCM‐41
Authors: Fang Zhiqiang , Cai Mingzhong , Lin Yang , Zhao Hong
Published: June 2018

The heterogeneous cross‐coupling reaction of aryl iodides with diphenylphosphine was achieved in toluene at 115 °C in the presence of 10 mol% of phenanthroline‐functionalized MCM‐41‐supported copper (I) complex (Phen‐MCM‐41‐CuI) with Cs2CO3 as base, yielding various unsymmetric triarylphosphines in good to excellent yields. This protocol can tolerate a wide range of functional groups and does not need the use of expensive additives or harsh reaction conditions. This heterogeneous Cu (I) catalyst exhibited the same catalytic activity as homogeneous CuI/Phen system, and could easily be recovered by a simple filtration of the reaction solution and recycled up to seven times without significant loss of activity.
Effect of preroasting on the preoxidation of vanadium in high‐carbon stone coal
Authors: Yang Xin long , Feng Ya li , Li Hao ran , Du Zhu wei , Liu Peng wei
Published: June 2018

The effect of preroasting on the preoxidation and sodium roasting of vanadium in high‐carbon stone coal was investigated through the study of the change of the phase and valence distribution of vanadium. The result indicated that the ore should be subject to high‐temperature preroasting treatment of approximately 800 °C for a certain time before sodium roasting to achieve a higher oxidation ratio of vanadium. During preroasting at 600 °C, the oxidation of the reducing component completed substantially, and the removal of hydroxyl in mica occurred. After preroasting at 800 °C, the reaction of hydroxyl removal of mica completed, and vanadium oxidation was not hindered. Preroasting at temperatures below 800 °C could only oxidize the V4+ of mica surface and could not oxidize the V3+ presented in the mica lattice, resulting in a small amount of V5+ appearing in the preroasted slag. The stage of carbon removal was controlled by chemical reaction and was mainly affected by temperature. When the preroasting temperature was reduced to below 600 °C, the oxidation time of carbon was found to be prolonged. The temperature was not sufficient to expand the spacing of the mica laminated structure, making it difficult to create favorable conditions for the oxidation of vanadium during the sodium roasting process.
Spatio‐temporal partitioning between two sympatric crocodilians (Gavialis gangeticus & Crocodylus palustris) in Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary, India
Authors: Choudhary Shikha , Choudhury Binod Chandra , Gopi Govindhan Veeraswami
Published: June 2018

Gavialis gangeticus (gharial) and Crocodylus palustris (mugger) have a sympatric distribution in the northern and eastern river systems of India, but no single extensive study exists on the mechanisms favouring the coexistence of these species, or explains whether mugger have a detrimental effect on gharial. For the effective conservation of gharial within its natural range it is very important to study the impacts of various habitat attributes on its distribution. This study was undertaken to investigate how resources are shared by the species, and the key requirements that lead to the selection of a particular basking and nesting site.

Results indicate that the habitat variables that lead to the selection of basking sites differed between the species, and varied between seasons. In winter, habitat variables responsible for the selection of a basking site by gharial were slope, height, soil moisture, presence of sandbar, distance to water, and current land‐use pattern, whereas for mugger the relevant habitat variables were slope and height only. During the summer, habitat use, depth gradient, and distance to water were factors for mugger, whereas slope, height, soil moisture, the presence of a sandbar, water depth gradient, and distance to water were important habitat attributes for gharial.

Gharial and mugger had a totally different preference of habitat attributes for nest‐site selection. Gharial laid eggs near water and only in sandy soil, whereas mugger nests were found far from a water source and no substrate preference was shown.

Effective habitat management is imperative for the conservation of gharial. Restocking with individuals bred in captivity might increase the population in the short term, but in order to create a viable population, long‐term habitat conservation plans are required.
Gem‐dinitromethyl‐substituted Energetic Metal–Organic Framework based on 1,2,3‐Triazole from in situ Controllable Synthesis
Authors: Gu Hao , Ma Qing , Huang Shiliang , Zhang Zhenqi , Zhang Qi , Cheng Guangbin , Yang Hongwei , Fan Guijuan
Published: June 2018

Synthesizing energetic metal–organic frameworks at ambient temperature and pressure has been always a challenge in the research area of energetic materials. In this work, through in situ controllable synthesis, energetic metal–organic framework gem‐dinitromethyl‐substituted dipotassium 4,5‐bis(dinitromethyl)‐1,2,3‐triazole with a “cage‐like” crystal packing was obtained and characterized. Most importantly, for the first time, we found that it could be successfully afforded with a catalytic effect of trifluoroacetic acid. This new compound exhibited its high density (2.04 g cm−3) at ambient temperature, superior detonation velocity (8715 m s−1) to that of lead azide (5877 m s−1) and comparable to that of RDX (8748 m s−1). Its detonation products are mainly N2 (48.1 %), suggesting it is also a green energetic material. The above‐mentioned performance indicates its potential applications in detonator devices as lead‐free primary explosive.
Greening Aspang – Messtechnische Untersuchungen zur ganzheitlichen Betrachtung mikroklimatischer Wechselwirkungen in einem Straßenzug einer urbanen Hitzeinsel
Authors: Hollands Jutta , Tudiwer David , Korjenic Azra , Bretschneider Betül Betül
Published: June 2018

Diese Arbeit zeigt, wie sich unterschiedliche Gebäude und deren unmittelbare Umgebung auf das Mikroklima in der Stadt auswirken und das Innenraumklima beeinflussen. Dafür wurden im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojektes Oberflächentemperaturen an Gebäuden, die Lufttemperaturen sowie die Luftfeuchtigkeit in Innenräumen, im Außenraum vor Fassaden und im Straßenraum gemessen. Der Niederschlag, die Sonneneinstrahlung und die Windgeschwindigkeit wurden ebenso über einen langen Zeitraum im Versuchsgebiet untersucht. Aus den Messdaten werden Auswirkungen der unterschiedlichen Gebäude auf das Innen‐ und Außenraumklima an Hitzetagen abgeleitet. Der Sockelbereich und die Fassaden der Gebäude wurden in Abhängigkeit von Farbe, Aufbau, Struktur und Dämmung analysiert. Die messtechnischen Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit bieten die Basis zur Entwicklung von Maßnahmen zur Umgestaltung und Begrünung des Straßenraumes samt angrenzenden Gebäudefassaden am Beispiel des vom UHI (Urban Heat Island)‐Effekt betroffenen Pilotgebietes Aspangstraße.
Design and Synthesis of Novel 3‐(2‐Aminopyridin‐3‐yl)‐1,2,4‐Triazolo[4,3‐b]Pyridazine Derivatives as a Reversible Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Park Chi Hoon , Kim Dukwoon , Jung Hyeonseok , Jeon Jeong Hee , Achary Raghavendra , Lee Joo‐Youn , Kim Pilho , Jung Heejung , Hwang Jong Yeon , Ryu Do Hyun , Du Ha Jae , Cho Sung Yun
Published: June 2018

Bruton's tyrosine kinase, a non‐receptor TEC family kinase, plays key role in B cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival. B cell receptor regulates the B cell's fate and cytokine release of B‐lineage lymphoid leukemia cells which are deeply related with the pathogenesis of B‐cell lineage of lymphoma and leukemia and autoimmune diseases. Thus, BTK protein regulation emerged as a promising therapeutic target for both various cancers and autoimmune diseases. Herein, we report the discovery of aminopyridin‐1,2,4‐triazolopyridazine derivatives as a reversible BTK inhibitor, and in vitro enzyme assay and cell based assay result were reported.
Rethink the expectations for new athletics directors
Authors: Santore Greg
Published: June 2018

We have seen an unprecedented time of turnover for college athletics directors this past year. Retirements, bad behavior, and upward mobility among ADs have given many chancellors, presidents, trustees, and others who hire them an opportunity to re‐evaluate the position and seek new and different skills. An AD today must be something more than in the past. From responsible budget management in a very bottom‐line‐conscious era to comprehensive knowledge of compliance issues, an effective AD is part accountant, ethics guru, character evaluator, event promoter, program advocate, fundraiser, networker, and more — almost on a daily basis. The academic, business, and social subjects that confront athletics on campus are making institutions re‐examine the means by which they select an athletics director. In short, an AD can't be hired with the sole priority of fielding winning teams and driving revenue.
Heed the warnings presented by the growing intersection of criminal law and college sports
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: June 2018

The rate at which the world of college athletics has had to deal with recent scandals and allegations, ranging from cheating incidents to sexual assaults, only serves to highlight the increasing frequency of the intersection of criminal law and college sports.
It is for you, or it is for me: How relationship dependence affects gift image consistency in romantic relationships
Authors: Cong Rifei , Luo Biao , Li Tieshan , Wang Chengyuan
Published: June 2018

Recently, consumer behavior research has been focusing on decision‐making in relationships. This research considers an important context, romantic gift giving, in which givers choose gifts that are perceptually consistent with both their own self‐image and the recipients' self‐image. Based on interdependence theory, we investigate how the relationship dependence between romantic couples can affect gift image consistency. According to the results, the giver's level of dependence plays a positive role in the consistency between the recipient's self‐image and the gift image (gift‐recipient consistency) and plays a negative role in the consistency between the giver's self‐image and the gift image (gift‐giver consistency). The mutuality of dependence could strengthen or weaken the effect of the giver's level of dependence on gift image consistency, and this effect is carried through the giver's relationship power.
Capturing and Stabilizing Folded Proteins in Lattices Formed with Branched Oligonucleotide Hybrids
Authors: Schwenger Alexander , Jurkowski Tomasz P. , Richert Clemens
Published: June 2018

The encapsulation of folded proteins in stabilizing matrices is one of the challenges of soft‐matter materials science. Capturing such fragile bio‐macromolecules from aqueous solution, and embedding them in a lattice that stabilizes them against denaturation and decomposition is difficult. Here, we report that tetrahedral oligonucleotide hybrids as branching elements, and connecting DNA duplexes with sticky ends can assemble into materials. The material‐forming property was used to capture DNA‐binding proteins selectively from aqueous protein mixtures. The three‐dimensional networks also encapsulate guest molecules in a size‐selective manner, accommodating proteins up to a molecular weight of approximately 159 kDa for the connecting duplex lengths tested. Exploratory experiments with green fluorescent protein showed that, when embedded in the DNA‐based matrix, the protein is more stable toward denaturation than in the free form, and retains its luminescent properties for at least 90 days in dry form. The noncrystalline biohybrid matrices presented herein may be used for capturing other proteins or for producing functional materials.
Trimethyl Lock: A Multifunctional Molecular Tool for Drug Delivery, Cellular Imaging, and Stimuli‐Responsive Materials
Authors: Okoh Okoh Adeyi , Klahn Philipp
Published: June 2018

Trimethyl lock (TML) systems are based on ortho‐hydroxydihydrocinnamic acid derivatives displaying increased lactonization reactivity owing to unfavorable steric interactions of three pendant methyl groups, and this leads to the formation of hydrocoumarins. Protection of the phenolic hydroxy function or masking of the reactivity as benzoquinone derivatives prevents lactonization and provides a trigger for controlled release of molecules attached to the carboxylic acid function through amides, esters, or thioesters. Their easy synthesis and possible chemical adaption to several different triggers make TML a highly versatile module for the development of drug‐delivery systems, prodrug approaches, cell‐imaging tools, molecular tools for supramolecular chemistry, as well as smart stimuliresponsive materials.
Treating adolescents with Type 1 diabetes: Psychological interventions to promote adherence
Authors: Manning Alison , DiPietro Jamie Gainor
Published: June 2018

James is a 16‐year‐old male teen with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Type 1 diabetes (T1D) diagnosed five years ago. His routine monitoring bloodwork reveals worsened lab values over the past year, indicating poor self‐management of his diabetes. This inadequate disease control has resulted in two inpatient medical hospitalizations to treat mild diabetic ketoacidosis. James has been struggling with following through on diabetes management tasks, refusing to check his blood sugar, and eating without taking insulin. His parents worry that he has seemed more anxious and withdrawn, and his mood has worsened in the context of increased academic difficulty at school. There is significant discord between his parents related to how to best address his nonadherence.
On being a mindful parent
Authors: Walters Anne
Published: June 2018

The abundance of parenting blogs and books is a testament to the challenges of raising children, and these volumes of work apply theories of child rearing and offer solutions to these challenges. One of the more recent and trendy of these applications takes mindfulness in psychotherapy and extends the principles to parenting. A quick search of mindful parenting on Google yields hundreds of references.
First‐episode psychosis: Early treatment is effective
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2018

It's a myth that someone with psychotic symptoms is dangerous, and it's also wrong to think the diagnosis means your child is doomed — far from it. The RAISE (Recovery After Initial Schizophrenia Episode) initiative by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) shows that with coordinated specialty care, treatment, including medications, is effective.
Career Adaptability of Trauma Survivors: The Moderating Role of Posttraumatic Growth
Authors: Prescod Diandra J. , Zeligman Melissa
Published: June 2018

Impaired functioning in occupational domains is a diagnostic characteristic of posttraumatic stress disorder, and yet the interactions between trauma and career remain understudied. This study examined the relationships between trauma symptoms, posttraumatic growth, and career adaptability in college students who identified as trauma survivors (N = 215). Results indicated that (a) trauma symptoms and posttraumatic growth were both significantly predictive of career adaptability and (b) posttraumatic growth moderated the relationship between trauma and career adaptability. The impact of demographic factors and implications for career counselors and counselor educators are also discussed.
The Validity of Social Media–Based Career Information
Authors: Sampson James P. , Osborn Debra S. , Kettunen Jaana , Hou Pei‐Chun , Miller Adam K. , Makela Julia P.
Published: June 2018

The use of social media expands the availability and sources of career information. However, the authorship of this information has changed from traditional print media and multimedia sources created by experts to social media–based career information created by the users themselves. Although variability in career information validity has been an issue for some time, rapid growth in the use of social media creates some unique challenges. The ease with which social media–based career information can spread creates the potential for rapid widespread dissemination of disinformation and biased perceptions. Potential sources of invalidity include intentional bias (with or without profit motive), unintentional bias, restricted range of experience, out‐of‐date information, popularity bias, similarity bias, and context deficiency. The authors examine potential sources of social media–based career information invalidity and suggest implications for practice to help individuals make the best use of such information.
Career Counseling With Black Men: Applying Principles of Existential Psychotherapy
Authors: Bell Tyronn J.
Published: June 2018

Counselors may benefit from applying principles of existential psychotherapy to career counseling with Black men. Existential psychotherapy asserts that there are 4 issues that all people experience: death, freedom, isolation, and meaning. The life experiences of Black men, including difficulty with their careers, suggest that they may struggle with these existential concerns, particularly finding meaning in their lives. Because work and issues in other domains of life (e.g., family, community) often intersect, an existentially based career counseling approach may prove useful. An overview of existential psychotherapy is presented, followed by a discussion of its applicability to career counseling with Black men. In addition to suggestions for career counselors, recommendations for training and professional development are offered.
Exfoliated Nanosheets of a CuII Coordination Polymer Modulate Enzyme Activity of α‐Chymotrypsin
Authors: Sarkar Koushik , Dastidar Parthasarathi
Published: June 2018

A 2D coordination polymer derived from 5‐azidoisophthalic acid (AIA) and Cu(NO3)2 was designed with the aim of modulating the activity of a digestive enzyme α‐chymotrypsin (ChT). The coordination polymer namely {[Cu0.5(μ‐AIA)0.5(H2O)]⋅2 H2O}α (CP1) was successfully synthesized and fully characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SXRD). An exfoliated nanosheet (ENS) of CP1 was readily produced by overnight stirring of hand‐ground CP1 crystals dispersed in DMSO. ENS(CP1) was demonstrated to be acting as an inhibitor of ChT; as much as ≈97 % inhibition of ChT was achieved with 100 μm of ENS(CP1) using N‐succinyl‐l‐phenylalanine‐p‐nitroanilide (SPNA) as substrate. Enzyme kinetics data revealed that the inhibition of ChT followed a competitive pathway. An enzyme assay under varying ionic strength and varying concentration of free histidine revealed that the active site His‐57 participated in coordination with the CuII metal center of ENS(CP1) thereby preventing the substrate (SPNA) from binding with the enzyme resulting in efficient inhibition.
Porous Metal‐Organic Polyhedral Framework containing Cuboctahedron Cages as SBUs with High Affinity for H2 and CO2 Sorption: A Heterogeneous Catalyst for Chemical Fixation of CO2
Authors: Maity Kartik , Karan Chandan Kumar , Biradha Kumar
Published: June 2018

Development of active porous materials that can efficiently adsorb H2 and CO2 is needed, due to their practical utilities. Here we present the design and synthesis of an interpenetrated CuII metal‐organic framework (MOF) that is thermally stable, highly porous and can act as a heterogeneous catalyst. The CuII‐MOF contains a highly symmetric polyhedral metal cluster (Cu24) with cuboctahedron geometry as secondary building unit (SBU). The double interpenetration of such huge cluster‐containing nets provides a high density of open metal sites, due to which it exhibits remarkable H2 storage capacity (313 cm3g−1 at 1 bar and 77 K) as well as high CO2 capture ability (159 cm3g−1 at 1 bar and 273 K). Further, its propensity towards CO2 sorption can be utilized for the heterogeneous catalysis of the chemical conversion of CO2 into the corresponding cyclic carbonates upon reaction with epoxides, with high turnover number and turnover frequency values.
Design, Synthesis, Biological Activity, and Structural Analysis of Lactam‐Constrained PTPRJ Agonist Peptides
Authors: Sala Marina , Spensiero Antonia , Scala Maria Carmina , Pepe Giacomo , Bilotta Anna , Paduano Francesco , D'Agostino Sabrina , Lanzillotta Delia , Bertamino Alessia , Novellino Ettore , Trapasso Francesco , Gomez‐Monterrey Isabel M. , Campiglia Pietro
Published: June 2018

PTPRJ is a receptor‐like protein tyrosine phosphatase mainly known for its antiproliferative and tumor‐suppressive functions. PTPRJ dephosphorylates several growth factors and their receptors, negatively regulating cell proliferation and migration. We recently identified a disulfide‐bridged nonapeptide, named PTPRJ‐19 (H‐[Cys‐His‐His‐Asn‐Leu‐Thr‐His‐Ala‐Cys]‐OH), which activates PTPRJ, thereby causing cell growth inhibition and apoptosis of both cancer and endothelial cells. With the aim of replacing the disulfide bridge by a chemically more stable moiety, we have synthesized and tested a series of lactam analogues of PTPRJ‐19. This replacement led to analogues with higher activity and greater stability than the parent peptide.
Divergent projection patterns of M1 ipRGC subtypes
Authors: Li Jennifer Y. , Schmidt Tiffany M.
Published: June 2018

In addition to its well‐known role in pattern vision, light influences a wide range of non‐image forming, subconscious visual behaviors including circadian photoentrainment, sleep, mood, learning, and the pupillary light reflex. Each of these behaviors is thought to require input from the M1 subtype of melanopsin‐expressing, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell (ipRGC). Recent work has demonstrated that the M1 subtype of ipRGC can be further subdivided based on expression of the transcription factor Brn3b. Brn3b‐positive M1 ipRGCs project to the olivary pretectal nucleus and are necessary for the pupillary light reflex, while Brn3b‐negative M1 ipRGCs project to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and are sufficient for circadian photoentrainment. However, beyond the circadian and pupil systems, little is known about the projection patterns of M1 ipRGC subtypes. Here we show that Brn3b‐positive M1 ipRGCs comprise the majority of sparse M1 ipRGC inputs to the thalamus, midbrain, and hypothalamus. Our data demonstrate that very few brain targets receive convergent input from both M1 ipRGC subpopulations, suggesting that each subpopulation drives a specific subset of light‐driven behaviors.
Properties Modification of Nanosized Hollow Zeolite Crystals by Desilication
Authors: Li Teng , Ma Zhiqiang , Krumeich Frank , Knorpp Amy J. , Pinar Ana B. , van Bokhoven Jeroen A.
Published: June 2018

A strategy to modify the properties of hollow zeolite was developed by leaching the “parent” zeolite in alkaline solution. A systematic study was performed to identify the effect of both the synthesis conditions of “parent” zeolite and the leaching conditions on the properties of hollow zeolite. Fine‐tuning the leaching conditions, i. e. the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution, allows control over the degree of hollowness of the zeolite, achieving the introduction of larger voids in different locations of individual crystals, which is a key factor if the crystals are to be used for catalytic applications. In addition, a hypothesis was proposed to explain the formation of hollow ZSM‐5 crystals. By replacing part of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) with tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr) as the structure‐directing agent (SDA), the “parent” zeolites obtained were less stable in alkaline solution and formed hollow structures more easily. The size of hollow zeolite crystals could be easily controlled by adjusting the water content of the synthesis gel. Finally, crystals with double shells were prepared by a method involving two consecutive crystallizations followed by base leaching. Overall, fine‐tuning of zeolite synthesis and post‐synthesis conditions leads to control of the structure of hollow zeolite crystals.
Space charge accumulation characteristics in fluorinated insulating material under dc high stress
Authors: Nagase Takahiro , Yoshida Shugo , Mori Takuma , Miyake Hiroaki , Hijikata Kimio , Tanaka Yasuhiro
Published: June 2018

Electron beam irradiated fluorinated materials, which are used for an optical solar reflector of spacecraft, have been investigated using a space charge measurement system under dc high stress. It was found that a large amount of space charge accumulated in the electron beam irradiated ethylene‐tetrafluoroethylene and fluorinated ethylene‐propylene copolymer under dc high stress, while it was not observed in nonirradiated them. In this report, a dependence of relaxation time after the irradiation on the space charge accumulation characteristics was also studied.