bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Патоморфологічні зміни в нирках котів за інфекційного перитоніту
Authors: Khalaniia M. , Pritsak V , Kotsyumbas G.
Published: June 2018

Наведено результати патологоанатомічного розтину 20 трупів котів, віком від 3 місяців до 7 років, у яких прижиттєво (на основі анамнезу, клінічних ознак, лабораторно-інструментальних методів дослідження та експрес-тесту VetExpert FCoV Ab) було діагностовано інфекційний перитоніт. Усі тварини утримувалися в домашніх умовах. Для гістологічного та гістохімічного дослідження були відібрані зразки нирок, які фіксували у 10% водному розчині нейтрального формаліну, рідині Карнуа та Буена. Виготовлені гістозрізи фарбували гематоксиліном та еозином, за методами Браше, Стідмена та Мак-Манусом. Зразки нирок після фіксації в 10% водному розчині нейтрального формаліну промивали в проточній воді та за допомогою заморожуючого мікротома ТОС-2 виготовляли гістозрізи, які в подальшому фарбували суданом-ІІІ. За патологоанатомічного розтину виявлено в більшості випадків помірну нефромегалію, застійну гіперемію, де в одних котів - превалювали дрібні крапкові крововиливи, в інших – сіруваті осередки. За гістологічного дослідження нирок котів, хворих на інфекційний перитоніт, структурні зміни були не однотипними, що, ймовірно, зумовлено тривалістю перебігу хвороби. У паренхімі нирок одних котів спостерігали кровонаповнення капілярів клубочків, мікросудин строми, гломерулярні та тубулоінтерстиціальні зміни. Структурні зміни в клубочках характеризувались розширенням капсули Шумлянського-Боумена та нагромадженням у просвіті гомогенної білкової або пінистої фуксинофільної маси, потовщення капілярних мембран сплетінь клубочків з помірним розширенням мезангіального матриксу, а в епітелії дистальних та проксимальних відділів канальців – білково-жирову дистрофію, що вказувало на розвиток серозного гломерулонефриту і білково-жирової дистрофії епітелію канальців. У нирках інших котів превалювало інтерстиціальне запалення. Інтерстиція просочена глікозаміногліканами, глікопропротеідами та інфільтрована клітинними елементами. В осередках запалення відзначали лімфогістіоцитарну інфільтрацію з домішками нейтрофілів і плазматичних клітин. Навколо клубочків, судин та між канальцями формувались клітинні інфільтрати. У ниркових клубочках простежували розширення перикапілярного просвіту з набубнявінням капілярних стінок і нагромадженням між ними гомогенної білкової еозинофільної маси. В епітелії звивистих канальців кіркової і мозкової речовини нирок виражені різного ступеня дистрофічно-некробіотичні зміни. Виявлені світлооптичні зміни вказували на розвиток гострого тубулоінтерстиціального нефриту.
Changes in the immunobiological reactivity of the organism of cows in the pathogenesis of mastitis
Authors: Zhelavskyi M.M.
Published: June 2018

Immunobiological aspects of the pathogenesis of mastitis of cows of the Ukrainian black-and-white breed are considered in the article. Based on the relevance of the topic, the aim of our work was to study the functional state of nonspecific immunobiological resistance and the specific immunobiological reactivity of the cows' organism during the development of mastitis. The features of the manifestation of immune reactions in the organism of animals in the development of subclinical and purulent-catarrhal mastitis have been studied. Clinical and experimental studies were conducted in Ukrainian farms (Khmelnytsky and Vinnytsia region). Laboratory studies were carried out in the specialized laboratory of immunology of animal reproduction of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Podilsky State Agrarian and Technical University (Ukraine). Three groups of animals were formed to conduct clinical and experimental studies. As a result, it was found that subclinical mastitis of cows is accompanied by a change in the immunobiological reactivity.  Purulent-catarrhal mastitis in cows was manifested by significant changes in the parameters of nonspecific immunological reactivity. The pathological process was accompanied by a sharp decrease in bactericidal activity of blood serum (P < 0.01), as well as by suppression of phagocytic reactivity of immunocompetent blood cells. In parallel with this, there was an increase in lysozyme activity of blood serum (P < 0.01), which was associated with active degranulation and neutrophil lysis. Obviously, microphages actively migrate to the zone of the pathological process and exhibit active phagocytosis, which was accompanied by partial excretion of cytoplasmic lysozyme. In the peripheral blood of cows with subclinical mastitis, the number of reactive microphages increased sharply (P < 0.001). Simultaneously, the number of activated phagocytes with myeloperoxidase granules also increased in the peripheral blood (P < 0.01). Activation of intra-leukocyte lysozyme phagocytic cells was less intensive. Subclinical udder pathology was accompanied by an increase in the number of degranulated cells (P < 0.001), which is one of the specific properties of cytomorphological changes in programmed death (apoptosis). Subclinical inflammation of the mammary glands mastitis of cows was accompanied by a certain decrease in the number of T-lymphocytes (P < 0.001). Clinical and experimental studies have shown that subclinical and purulent-catarrhal mastitis of cows undergo significant changes in systemic immunity. In the pathophysiological model of subclinical and purulent-catarrhal mastitis, the functional state of the T-link of specific immunity was disturbed, the bactericidal activity of blood serum and phagocytosis were suppressed, which occurred against the background of changes in the cytochemical reactivity of phagocytic cells circulating immune complexes and molecules with an average molecular weigh.
Аналіз лікувально-профілактичних заходів щодо інфекційних хвороб телят ТОВ СГП імені Воловікова Гощанського району Рівненської області
Authors: Levkivsky D.M. , Levkivska N.D. , Gutyj B.V. , Leno M.I.
Published: June 2018

Проаналізовано ефективність лікувальних і профілактичних заходів щодо респіраторних та шлунково-кишкових хвороб телят в господарстві із великою концентрацією поголів’я тварин. Наведено результати апробації вакцин, запропонованих компанією «MSD Animal Health» щодо раннього захисту телят як від вірусних так і бактеріальних патогенних агентів. Тривалість напруженого імунітету при будь-якому введені вакцини тваринам складає від 6 місяців до 365 днів. Дослідження проводились на базі приватного підприємства ТОВ СГП імені Воловікова Гощанського району, Рівненської області. Середня продуктивність на одну корову складає 5000 кг молока за лактацію. Племінна робота в господарстві ведеться на належному рівні. Для аналізу схем імунопрофілактики телят щодо інфекційних хвороб апробували наступні вакцини: Бовіліс BVD, Бовіліс Vista Once, Бовіліс Vista5L5, Ротавек Корона, Мультиклос, жива маркована вакцина Бовіліс IBR, Бовіліс Бовіпаст RSP. З лікувальною метою респіраторних патологій телят, неонатальної діареї телят, проаналізували застосування наступних препаратів: Ресфлор, Нуфлор, Фінадин, Енгеміцин, Кобактан IV 4,5%. При специфічній профілактиці тварин живою маркованою вакциною Бовіліс ІБР щодо інфекційного ринотрахеїту утворюється напружений імунітет у тварин через 4 дні (96 годин) після інтраназального введення та через 7 днів після внутрішньом’язового введення вакцини. Тривалість імунітету при будь-якому введенні вакцини триває не менше 6 місяців. Застосування вакцини Бовіліс Бівопаст RSP та живої маркованої вакцини Бовіліс IRB забезпечує ранній захист організму тварин від парагрипу-3, синцитіальної інфекції, пастерельозу та інфекційного ринотрахеїту великої рогатої худоби. Імунопрофілактика телят вакцинами Бовіліс Vista Once та Бовіліс Vista 5L5 забезпечує захист організму тварин від парагрипу-3, синцитіальної інфекції, вірусної діареї великої рогатої худоби 1-го та 2-го типів, інфекційного ринотрахеїту ВРХ, пастерельозу (P. multocida, P. haemolytica) та лептоспірозу 5 серотипів. Вакцина Ротавек Корона захищає організм телят від ротавірусної, коронавірусної інфекції та E.coli. Застосування вакцини Бовіліс BVD забезпечує повний захист організму тварин від внутрішньоутробного інфікування ембріону вірусом BVD. Лікування телят щодо респіраторних патологій, неонатальної діареї, шлунково-кишкових хвороб при застосуванні препаратів Ресфлор, Нуфлор, Фінадин, Енгеміцин, Кобактан IV 4,5%, а також залежно від фізіологічного та імунного стану організму телят, забезпечує їх збереження від 92 до 99%.
Cardiac enzymes activity and lactate concentration in the blood of sport horses at myocardial dystrophy
Authors: Slivinskа L. , Maksymovych I. , Tkachenko H. , Andriichuk A. , Leno M.
Published: June 2018

The article presents the results of research on the activity of cardiac specific enzymes and the concentration of lactate in the blood of sport horses for myocardial dystrophy of physical activity. Materials for researches were horses, used in the classical forms of equestrian sport of Ukrainian riding (n = 20), Hanoverian (n = 15) and Westphalian (n = 15) breeds. The average age of horses was 8.4 ± 0.71 years (3.5–16.0 g.), weight – 479.4 ± 8.54 kg (350–605 kg). Studies were conducted immediately before and immediately after exercise. The duration of regular training of average intensity was 1 hour: step 5 min; roaring lynx 10 minutes; step 5 min; training lynx 10 minutes; step 10 min; gallop with a transition to a step of 10 minutes; step 10 min. Blood samples from horses were taken from a jugular vein in a test tube without an anticoagulant (10 ml; Vacutest, Italy) and an anticoagulant (EDTA-K, 2.0 ml; Sarstedt, Germany). Diseases of the heart muscle are accompanied by the release of substances released from damaged cardiomyocytes, in particular, creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), myoglobin. It has been established that the key to the pathogenesis of myocardial dystrophy in sport horses is the discrepancy between costs and energy recovery in the functioning structures of the heart muscle due to excessive cardiac load and significant increase in energy costs, as well as a disturbance in the balance of the electrolytes. Hyperlactatemia that occurs in horses during exercise causes changes in the permeability of cardiomyocytes and exit enzymes in the blood and can play a key role in the pathogenesis of myocardial dystrophy. Іn sporting horses, after activity in blood serum, activity of AST and LDH increases in blood serum, a tendency to increase activity of creatine kinase (CК) is observed. The cardiac isoenzyme CK (CK‒MB) was detected by a specific marker of myocardial dystrophy in sport horses, since its activity was likely to increase in the blood of all experimental groups of animals. A less specific marker of myocardial damage was the activity of hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (LDH‒1) in the blood, since the probable difference was established only in the Westphalian horses. Investigating the activity of AST, CK and CK-MB in horses can serve for differential diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis syndrome and damage to heart muscle cells, in particular for myocardial dystrophy.
Stability attenuation of BCG vaccine strain
Authors: Glebenyuk V.V. , Petrusha V.G.
Published: June 2018

As the basis for prevention of tuberculosis is the use of BCG vaccine. The experience of using the tuberculous vaccine has shown quite positive results. Mycobacterium bovis of BCG vaccine strain, which are preserved in laboratories from different countries may differ slightly in their biological properties, including virulence and immunogenicity. Objective of work is to investigate the stability attenuation of BCG vaccine strain. BCG vaccine strain (BCG-Russia) was used for investigations. The morphology, cultural and biochemical properties of mycobacteria determined by means of agreed-upon methods. We used amplifier iCycler iQ5 and a set of reagents for PCR-amplification of DNA  with real-time detection for carrying out PCR. The determination of the virulence and sensitivizing properties of mycobacteria was carried out using the biological test. The pieces of the spleen and lungs were taken for histological examination. It was found that Mycobacterium bovis BCG strains formed on the nutrient medium by Mordovskyi the matted colonies of ivory color with a hilly surface and uneven edges (R-forms). In the smears from colonies, after staining by Ziehl-Neelsen, acid-resistant and non-acid resistant sticks were observed. Mycobacteria BCG strain in the medium of Shkolnykova formed microcolonies, which morphologically resembled «cord». Gene-molecular studies have established the presence of the DNA-target in the mycobacteria of the vaccinal strain. In infected Guinea pigs 3–4 weeks later, an ulcer was formed at the place of introduction of the suspension. Mycobacteria did not cause in laboratory animals the death and development of an infectious process characteristic of tuberculosis. At the autopsy of Guinea pigs characteristic macroscopic changes (tubercular nodes) were not observed. In the spleen of all animals, moderate hyperemia, red pulp hyperplasia were observed. Lymphoid follicles had signs of hyperplasia. At the intersection of laboratory animals of the second and third passages macroscopic pathoanatomical changes were not found. Conclusion: BCG strain do not cause macroscopic pathoanatomical changes in Guinea pigs during three «blind» passages, indicating the stability of his attenuation.
Epizootical situation on herpes virus infections, leptospirosis and gelminthosis in horses in several regions of Ukraine
Authors: Halatiuk O.E. , Antoniuk А.A. , Kalnaus O.R.
Published: June 2018

The distribution of herpes virus infections of the first and second type in tribal horses for the last five years has been established. During this period, a 1301 samples of blood serum samples of horses were investigated in the diffusion precipitation process. Out of these, 412 or 31.6% of the studied specimens were positive for the herpes virus infection of the first type, 473 or 36.4% for the second-generation herpes virus infection, and 345 or 26.5% of the animals were co-infected with herpes virus infections of the first and second type, respectively. The determination of the epizootic situation in the regions shows that the highest percentage of infections with herpes virus of the first and second types is established in Ternopil region, and the smallest in Chernivtsi. In breeding reproducers of the Chernivtsi region, the level of infection of EHV 1 and EHV 2 types does not exceed 10% of the population. We conducted a study on the coexistence of herpes virus infections, leptospirosis and helminthiasis in horses. The results of the coprological research provide an opportunity to state that in all regions the strongilidosis of horses are the most common. Also, frequent cases of infection with dictiocaulosis testify to the grazing of horses on compatible pastures with cattle. The study, based on the latent course of leptospirosis, depending on the severity of the degree of damage by strontium glands, suggests that with a consistent course of leptospirosis and strontium glands increases the number of leukocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils and total protein. In horses positive in the RMA for leptospirosis and free from strontium glands, a decrease in the number of erythrocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils and an increase in the number of leukocytes, neutrophils and total protein is observed. In the horses positive in the RMA and affected by strontium, there is a tendency to increase the number of red blood cells, leukocytes, and eosinophils. However, it was found that with an increase in antibody titers in the RMA 1:100 and the intensity of invasion by strontials of 100 and more eggs in 1 gram of feces, a significant decrease (P < 0.001) of the absolute number of lymphocytes and a significant increase (P < 0.001) of the absolute number of eosinophils and neutrophils. A significant decrease in the absolute number of lymphocytes in horses with latent leptospirosis with antibody titres of 1:100 in the RMA and the presence of 100 and more eggs in 1 gram of feces may indicate the development of the immunodeficiency state in such animals and the desirability of immediate demyelination.
Correction of antioxidant protection of cows organism in theperiod of laboratory drugs with content of non-participants of metals
Authors: Kobilyukh I.B.
Published: June 2018

The enhancement of free radical oxidation, characteristic of inflammatory processes, is accompanied by a violation of the properties of biological membranes, the functioning of cells and damage to surrounding tissues. The purpose and task of the research was to make correction of antioxidant protection of the body of cows during the period of dry preparations containing nanoparticles of metals. To activate the antioxidant system of the body of cows during the dry period, use the vitamin complex «Nanovit». The experiment was conducted on cows of Ukrainian dairy black-and-white breed in Agroprodservice-Invest LLP of the Kozivsky District of the Ternopil Oblast. The experiment was conducted before 35–25 days to the calves birth where the experimental and control groups of cows were formed (n = 10). Cows of the experimental group for 35–25 days to the cattle, intramuscularly injected 5.0 ml vitamin complex «Nanovit» (composition: vitamins A, D, E and nanoparticles Cu, Zn, Mn, Co). Producer of «NVP» LLC «Ecological Capital». Cows of the control group for 35–25 days to the catheter, intramuscularly administered 15.0 ml of the drug Prodevit-tetra (1 ml of the preparation contains vitamin A – 50000 IU, vitamin D – 25000 IU, vitamin E – 20 mg, vitamin F – 6 mg). Manufacturer of Product Ltd. The study found that vitamins A, D, E, and nanoparticles Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, which are part of the drug «Nanovit», activate the antioxidant system of the body of cows during the dry period. So after the application of the drug «Nanovit» in the body of cows there was a decrease of 58.5% (Р ≤ 0.01) of diene conjugates and 95.0% (Р ≤ 0.001) of TBK-active products against the background of an increase of 20.0% (Р ≤ 0.01) activity of catalase. After the application of the drug «Nanovit», the service period of the period from cows decreased by 54 days, and the index of insemination decreased by 0.2 units against the cows fed «Prodevit-tetra», indicating a positive effect of the drug containing the nanoparticles of metals Cu, Zn, Mn, Co and vitamins A, D, E during the post-period period in cows.
Bactericidal and disinfective properties of disinfectant «Zyrocko-400-Glucuxid»
Authors: Tishyn O.L. , Khomiak R.V. , Kopijchuk G.T. , Orynchak Т.V. , Galutskiy O.-I.Y.
Published: June 2018

The results of research of bactericidal properties of new domestic disinfectant «Zyrocko-400-Glucuxid» which is a transparent light color, without mechanical inclusions, a solution with a specific odor. It is well mixed with water, created on the basis of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QAC), glutaraldehyde and purified water. It was found the bactericidal dilution (BD), bactericidal concentration (BC), phenol coefficient (PC) and protein index (PI). Most susceptible to the effect of disinfectant was gramnegativ bacteria of E. coli, where cell death came on the 10 and 30 minutes exposures at concentrations of 0.0691 and 0.0353%, respectively. The action of disinfection preparation for gram-positive bacteria S. aureus, cell death came at these exposures at concentrations of 0.1355 and 0.0691%, respectively. Microorganisms S. typhimurium were the least susceptible to the action of the disinfectant; the death of the microorganisms came at concentrations of 1.4286 and 1.0204%, for 10 and 30 minute exposures, respectively, and, due to the action of the disinfectant on the test culture of P. vulgaris, the death of cells came under given conditions, at concentrations of 0.7289 і 0.5206%, respectively. The action of disinfection preparation for spore form of B. subtilis cell death came on the 10 and 30 minutes exposures at concentrations of 1.4286 і 0.7289%, respectively. The disinfectant effect of this disinfectant is 17.71 і 6.46  times higher on microorganisms E. coli and S. aureus, respectively, of the decontaminant effect of phenol, and in the presence of a protein, the activity of the disinfectant is reduced by 9.04 times. The efficacy of disinfection preparation of microorganisms on surfaces in the decontamination of test-objects. It is established that test-cultures of E. coli, S. aureus and P. vulgaris at 0.05% concentration of disinfectant is ineffective and for the test culture of S. typhimurium, its 0.5% concentration is ineffective. For spore form of B. subtilis disinfection preparation concentration at 1.0%. The preparation «Zуroсko-400-Glucuxide» is effective at disinfection of objects that are subject to a vet control at a concentration of 1.0%, subject to an exposure of 60 minutes or more. For decontamination of objects at spore forms of microorganisms, the working concentration of the insoluble must be 2.0% and above, at exposures of 60 minutes or more and 3.0% at exposures of 30 minutes or more.
The dynamics of humoral protection factors in broilers under the conditions of probiotic preparations application
Authors: Romanovych M.M.
Published: June 2018

The health of farm poultry depends on the balance between normal and potentially pathogenic intestinal microflora. Any changes in this equilibrium are accompanied by functional impairments, which, in turn, lead to a decrease in productivity. The use of probiotics helps to avoid imbalance of intestinal microflora and death of young animals. In this connection, it is relevant to study the effects of probiotic drugs to improve the vitality and immune function of the poultry. The purpose of the research was to clarify the effect of BPS-44 and different amounts of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the activity of the humoral level of natural resistance in chicken broilers. Experiments were carried out on broiler chicks-308 grown in the Fedyuk M farm in the Zolochiv district of Lviv oblast. The maintenance of the chickens was cellular with free access to feed and water. Technological parameters of broiler cultivation (temperature and light regime) were in accordance with the norms of ONTP-2005. Experiments were conducted in 4 groups of broiler chickens of 100 chicks in each according to the scheme: the control group was fed with the standard feed (SC) according to the existing norms recommended for the ROSS-308 cross; the experimental group I in addition to the SC received a probiotic BPS-44 (registration certificate No. 2154-04-0254-06 dated November 24, 2006), based on the production strain of bacteria Bacillus subtilis ssp. subtilis 44-p, dose 0.21 g/kg, the experimental group II – 1% yeast Saccharomyces cerévisiae; the experimental group III of chickens – 2% yeast Saccharomyces cerévisiae. Blood was taken from chickens in order to carry out immunological research at different age intervals: 11, 27, 34 and 41 days of age. Blood serum was determined by bactericidal and lysozyme activity and the content of circulating immune complexes. The stimulatory effect of BPS-44 and yeast Saccharomyces cerеvisiae in the composition of mixed fodder for broiler chickens on the dynamics of the formation of humoral protection factors in the bird organism was established. At the same time, in the conditions of use of yeast Saccharomyces cerэvisiae in the composition of mixed fodder, a higher level of indices of the humoral level of non-specific resistance was recorded, than the preparation BPS-44.
Pastereloz of crafts and its prophylaxis
Authors: Kurtyak B.M. , Boyko P.K. , Romanovych M.S. , Pundyak T.O. , Romanovych L.V. , Sobko G.V. , Romanovych М.М. , Palamarchuk A.M.
Published: June 2018

Pasteurleozy is a factor disease. The manifestation of pathogenic action of pasteurals occurs under conditions of influence on a susceptible organism of a number of negative factors, which are conventionally divided into contributing and adversarial. In the etiology of pasteurial infection, they play a decisive role. The problem of the struggle against rabbit pasterelosis in our country is paid insufficient attention. The analysis of the documents of the state veterinary report gives grounds to assert that the tension of the epizootic situation with regard to rabies pasteurse in the country remains unexplored. So, in official data on outbreaks of rabies pasterelosis during the last 10 years there are separate reports, from which it is impossible to make a comprehensive assessment of the epizootic process of this infection in Ukraine. There is no data on the characteristics of circulating serotypes of Pasteurella multocida in rabbit farms. There are only brief information about the spread of the disease in the rabbits in certain regions, in particular, the Luhansk, Donetsk and Zaporizhzhya oblasts. These reports indicate a poor condition for the maintenance of rabbits and an insufficient level of antiepizootic measures, which, according to the authors, is the main reason for the spread of pasteurellosis. Given these data, it can be assumed that pasteurellosis is a rather common disease of rabbits, not only in the east of Ukraine, but also in the whole country. In the system of antiepirosis measures of rabies pasteurellosis, the leading role is given to active immunization of the susceptible animal population. The article presents the results of the analysis of the domestic and world market of veterinary immunobiological means for the specific prevention of this infection. It is shown that only one vaccine against pasterelosis of rabbits of foreign production and no domestic vaccine has been registered in Ukraine. A comparative analysis of the main components of foreign vaccines and vaccines developed by our scientists was carried out. The most common inactivator in pasteurial vaccines is formaldehyde, despite the fact that it destroys the capsule, which plays an important role in the formation of the immune response and immunity tension. All foreign vaccines as a preservative contain thiomersal – an organic derivative of mercury. As an adjuvant mineral oil and aluminum hydroxide are used, both substances are reactogenic for the rabbit organism. It has been shown that the immunogenic component of pasteurial vaccines includes several serotypes of P. multocida.
Hygienic assessment of sows feeding level at different physiological state
Authors: Krempa N.U. , Kozenko O.V.
Published: June 2018

Efficiency of nutrients and feed energy use in pigs largely depends on age, live weight, physiological status and type of feeding. Particular attention should be paid to the feeding conditions of the breeding stock, which has a direct influence on the productivity of sows and the quality of the young. Two farms in the Lviv region assessed the value and balance of rations. Were studied and analyzed rations for blank, pregnant and lactating sows and their compliance with the feeding standards, as well as the needs of the organism in different physiological periods. Analyzing nutrient content in the ration of the blank sow of Zolochiv district, there was a lack of exchange energy, digestible protein, fiber, calcium, phosphorus, while ensuring carotene only 1% and excess of feed units. The lack of cobalt was 92.8%, zinc 72.7%, manganese 50.7%, iron 54.4%. A similar situation was with the provision of vitamins. For pregnant sows, the level of exchange energy exceeded the norm by 11.5%, feed units by 31.6%, and the lack of digestible protein was 18.9%, cellulose 42.6%, calcium 98.3%, phosphorus 63.3%, with complete absence of carotene. According to the trace element content, a lack was found in the range of 92 to 40%. The level of provision of already lactating sows of the same farm, the exchange energy was 17.8% less than needed. Lack of feed units was 2.8%, digestible protein 34.5%, cellulose 30.8%, and the provision by the trace element content  of the ration was only 14.4%, 34.7% according to the need for calcium, phosphorus and carotene respectively. When analyzing the nutrient content in the feeding ration of the blank sows of the Staryj Sambir region, it should be noted that the lack of exchange energy is 13.92%, feed units – 14.38%, digestible protein - 28.29%, fiber – 59.0%. Blank sows were provided with calcium only by 14.5%, phosphorus by 26.4%, with complete absence of carotene. In the case of pregnant sows, then they were not provided with the main nutrients of the feed. Thus, the content of exchange energy and feed units was 4.45% and 6.45% lower than it needed an organism of animals. However, the rest of the constituents of the animal's ration were provided even less, in the absence of carotene. The level of provision for lactating sows, too, was far from the norm, while other components of the ration noticed even greater imbalance. The level of micronutrient and vitamin supplements was low. Consequently, according to research results, the level of supply of energy from sows of both farms and all physiological groups amounted to 82–95% of the need. Sow was only provided with digestible protein  for 65–87%. With the regard to vitamin and mineral supplements, the best situation with methionine + cysteine, which all animals were provided with 72–99%, the lack of other components in both the first and second farms are offset by complementary mineral fodder mixtures.
The system influence of allogeneic adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells on the functional state of immune organs
Authors: Kladnytska L.V. , Mazurkevych A.Y. , Maluk M.O. , Danilov V.B. , Kharkevych Iu.O. , Velychko S.V. , Shelest D.A. , Velychko V.S.
Published: June 2018

The studies were conducted on 2–3-months-old males of mice weighing 20–24 g. Оur work was to study the functional state of the organs of the immune system of C57Bl/6 mice after introduction of allogeneic MSCs of adipose tissue origin. Obtaining and cultivating of MSCs were carried out in a sterile laminar box with compliance of conditions of asepsis and antiseptics. C57Bl/6 mice adipose tissue cultured in a CO2 incubator at 37 °C and 5% CO2  in DMEM with 10–15% of fetal bovine serum, 1% of antibiotic-antimycotic solution (Sigma-Aldrich, USA). The following groups of animals were formed: 1 group – intact (control group); 2 group – animals, to whom 0.5 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution (placebo) were injected into the caudal vein; 3 group – animals, to whom were injected 104 of allogeneic MSCs from adipose tissue in 0.5 ml of phosphate buffer solution into the caudal vein. The weight index, content of lymphoid cells of thymus and spleen in C57Bl/6 mice investigated after the introduction of MSCs on 7, 18 and 25 days. To assess the content of lymphocytes in lymphoid organs, the latter were weighed. Whole thymus and 50 mg of spleen were triturated and filtered through the kapron tissue. After that, the tissue homogenate was applied to the gradient of ficoll-urografin (density 1.077) in a ratio of 3:2. The test tubes were centrifuged at a rate of 1500 rpm for 30-40 minutes. After centrifugation the layer of lymphocytes which was above the gradient was collected by a Pasteur pipette and washed twice with an arbitrary amount of Hanks' solution by centrifugation at a rate of 1500 for 10 minutes. 1 ml of Hanks's solution was added to lymphocytes after washing. Lymphocytes were counted in the Goryaev chamber. Calculation of the cells of lymphoid organs was performed on 1 mg of tissue. The administration of allogenic adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells affects on the central and peripheral organs of the immune system. Administration of allogenic adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells cause a significant increase in the content of lymphoid cells in the thymus at 7, 18 and 25 days by 71, 57 and 53% respectively (P < 0.05) compared to the control. Weight index of the thymus directly correlates with the content of lymphoid cells and its value was r = 0.57, P < 0.01 on 7 day  and 18 day r = 0.50, P < 0.05. Quantity lymphoid cells in the spleen significant increase at the 7 and 18 days of the immune response by 33 and 19%, respectively (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) compared to the control under administration of allogenic adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells. On the 25th day of experience, the content of lymphoid cells in spleen and spleen index values return to normal. Weight index of the spleen directly correlates with the content of lymphoid cells – r = 0.91–0.94 (P < 0.001).
The use of the drug «Aminoton», aimed at prevention of complications of postpartum sows
Authors: Vysotskij A.O. , Visotska-Kalynuik K.O. , Paziuk I.S.
Published: June 2018

Application of tissue preparation «Aminoton» clinically healthy sows at the beginning puerperale period caused a pronounced preventive effect. So the above animals has improved the functioning of the hematopoietic system (increased compared to control group animals, the levels of hemoglobin and red blood cells), there was normalization of metabolic processes (increased compared to benchmarks, total protein, albumin). The use of the drug «Aminoton» clinically healthy animals in the postpartum period increased compared to control antibacterial, lysozyme and complementary activity of blood serum and enhanced the nonspecific immune defense of the body. The use of «Aminoton» sows with inflammatory complications in the puerperal period have greatly improved their clinical and physiological condition. In the same dysfunctional animals, which did not use the above-mentioned pharmacological agents in puerperale the period from the beginning of the inflammatory process dynamics of the main clinical and physiological, hematological, biochemical and humoral indicators over time, deteriorated. In a dysfunctional untreated pigs at 21 days after birth increased compared to sick animals treated by this drug «Aminoton» the number of leukocytes, increased content of total protein in serum C-reactive protein and seromucoid that had severe signs of inflammation in the body. Patients with untreated pigs 21 days after delivery significantly increased in serum compared with patients treated «Aminoton» animals, the activity of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase content of β-lipoproteins, sialic acids, decreased glucose levels, indicating the possibility of substance-induced load and liver damage, and increased activity of Aspartate aminotransferase be a sign of disorders of metabolic processes in heart muscle. The use of the drug «Aminoton» animals with inflammatory processes immediately after birth improved dynamics of indicators of nonspecific immunity. Sows in the treated with inflammation of the reproductive organs at 21 days after birth increased in comparison with patients with untreated animals bactericidal, lysozyme and complementary activity of blood serum. For early diagnosis and prognosis of inflammatory processes in the organs of the reproductive system of sows in postpartum period, we offer you to consider rates of precursors for a birth and according to the diagnosis of conduct for prevention of postpartum pathology in animals with the use of tissue preparation «Aminoton» in a dose of 0.05 ml per 1 kg of live weight in the first 2 hours after birth and 48 hours.
Analysis of biochemical and hematological parameters of blood, clinical signs and pathoanatomical changes for spontaneous poisoning of turkeys with diazinon
Authors: Tumanov V.V.
Published: June 2018

For today, the actual problem of veterinary medicine is the diagnosis of animal poisoning with organophosphorus pesticides, which are used as insecticides and acaricides, fungicides, herbicides, rodenticides, nematocides. One of the highly effective nonspecific organophosphorus insecticides is diazinon, falling into the body causing poisoning of various species of birds. The basis of the toxic action of diazinon is the ability to block the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. As a result, acetylcholine is accumulated in cholinergic synapses, excessive stimulation of the nerves and muscles is noted, and in the future, a violation of the normal passage of nerve impulses develops. Complex research was carried out of Domestic Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in which spontaneous poisoning with diazinon was recorded. Biochemical examination of the serum was carried out using the biochemistry analyzer «Cobas Integra 400 plus». The activity of the serum acetylcholinesterase was determined by the Method of Hestrin, 1949. In the stabilized blood, the hemoglobin content was determined by the hemoglobin-cyanide methods, the number of red blood cells and leukocytes was counted in Gorjaev's count chamber and the leukogram - after microscopy of blood smears, painted according to the Romanovsky-Gimza methods. The breeding of birds was carried out using the Shores method. The organs were fixed in 10% neutral formalin, 96% ethanols and Carnoy’s solution. The histological sections were made using a sown and freezing microtome, stained hematoxylin and eosin. The histological study of the preparations and their photographing was performed using microcope Leica DM 2500, and camera Leica DFC 450 C., Application Suite Version 4.4.0. Clinically ill turkeys poisoned by diazinon showed oppression, tremor and paresis of wings. Later, the coordination of movements was disturbed: sick birds fell on their backs, marked swimming movements of the pelvic limbs, cramps and spastic contractions of the limb muscles. From the oral cavity was allocated a rare mucous mass. After acute attacks and spastic contractions of the muscles, muscle weakness developed. In the terminal periods of the disease, there were also spasms of various muscle groups, paralysis, difficulty and frequent breathing accompanied by wheezing, cyanosis of the skin. During the conducted biochemical examination of serum, a marked decrease in the level of acetylcholinesterase, an increase in the level of AST, cholesterol and uric acid was observed. In the pathoanatomical study, expressed discirculatory processes in the form of acute congestive hyperemia, stasis, perivascular edema and hemorrhages, as well as necrotic changes in cardiomyces, hepatocytes, nephrocytes and brain neurons were found. Quality positive reaction on diazinon was received as a result of the bird crop content research by the method of thin-layer chromatography paper manifestation of iodine bismuth.
Lipolitical, lisocycle, and hemolitical activity of microflors of pigs intestine, invased in the association of askaris, eyeria and balantidia
Authors: Pelenio R.A. , Stybel V.V. , Ushkalov V.O.
Published: June 2018

The changes in lipolytic, lysozyme and hemolytic activity of the intestinal microflora of piglets invaded with the association of ascaris, imyrium and balantidium have been studied. It has been established that among microorganisms isolated from the distal intestine of piglets, lipase is synthesized by Bacteroides spp., Prevotella spp., Clostridium sp. and Peptostreptococcus spp., E. coli lact. «-» hem +, Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Candida spp. In pigs affected by ascaris, emerya, and balantidium, the number of strains producing lipase was higher compared to healthy ones, namely: Bacteroides spp. – by 20.2%, Prevotella spp. – by 3.7%, Clostridium spp. – 29.2% and Peptostreptococcus spp. – by 14.9%, Staphylococcus spp. – by 67.7%, Streptococcus spp. – by 19.1%, E. coli lact. «-» heme «+» – by 17.3%, Candida spp. – 16.5% and Enterobacter spp. – by 4.8%. Lysozyme activity was detected in Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. Significant differences in the penetrance of lysozyme activity of microorganisms in healthy and affected by ascarids, imedium, and balantidias of piglets were observed in Lactobacillus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. (P < 0.001). At the same time, in piglets, compared with healthy animals, the number of Lactobacillus spp. Strains that showed lysozyme activity decreased, while Bifidobacterium spp. and Staphylococcus spp. – grew. Bifidobacterium spp., Eubacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., E. coli lact. «+» Hem «-», Enterobacter spp. and Citrobacter spp. there is no ability to produce hemolysins. Among lactosonegative gastric sticks, all strains isolated from both healthy and sick pigs showed hemolytic activity. The associative influence of ascaris, imerium and balantidii, showed an increase in the penetrance of hemolytic activity in Bacteroides spp. – by 45.8%, Prevotella spp. – by 26.8%, Clostridium spp. – 42.1%, Propionibacterium spp. – 41.5%, Peptostreptococcus spp. – 29.1% and Fusobacterium spp. – by 16.4%, Klebsiella spp. – by 33.4%, Enterococcus spp. – by 69.6%, Streptococcus spp. – by 66.0%, Staphylococcus spp. – by 64.5% and Candida spp. – by 11.5%.
Determination of dezinvasion efficiency of a new disinfectant «Dezsan» for poultry eimeria
Authors: Berezovskyi A.V. , Nechiporenko A.L.
Published: June 2018

Parasitosis occupies the third place in the world аmong animal diseases. Prevention of helminthoses in industrial poultry farming is based on a complex of measures aimed at effective neutralization of pathogens at different stages of their development. One of the most effective of them is dezinvasion. Dezinvasion in the industrial zones of poultry farms must be subject to premises and their equipment, inventory and all bird care items, walking grounds, poultry droppings. Determination of the resistance of the causative agent of poultry eimeriosis to the action of disinfectant «Deszan». The diagnosis of eimeriosis was established according to the results of laboratory studies of poultry droppings by the method of Füleborn. As the active substance, the preparation «Deszan» was used in a concentration of 2.0 and 3.0% with exposures of 2, 3 and 4 hours. When studying the influence of the disinfectant on the eimeria of the Eimeria tenella bird, it was found that when the oocyst is treated with the «Dezsan» preparation at a concentration of 2.0% with 2 hours exposure, the sporulation process stops in the oocysts. The observation was carried out for 5 days, however, no external changes were observed in the eimerias. When oocysts of coccidia were treated with a solution of the preparation «Deszan» at a concentration of 2.0 and 3.0%, during 3 hours of exposure, the sporulation process and compression of the cytoplasm were observed. The exposure of 3–4 hours observed in the field of view of the microscope rupture of shells and fragments of destroyed oocysts of coccidia. The disinfection effect of the «Deszan» preparation was established at a concentration of 2.0% with an exposure of 4 hours and 3.0% with an exposure of 3 hours to the ovine’s of the poultry Eimeria tenella. After 2 hours of exposure in oocysts, there was a decrease in sporulation and morphological changes in their cytoplasm.
Pathoanatomical diagnosis, treatment and preventive measures at pigs gastroenterocolitis
Authors: Iesina E.V. , Tishkina N.M. , Gutyj B.V.
Published: June 2018

The reasons of the occurrence of gastroenterocolitis of pigs, their pathomorphological manifestations are being discussed, the schemes of treatment and prophylaxis are offered. The most common factor-related infections in pig breeding are colibacillosis, dysentery and ileitis (proliferative enteropathy). Colibacteriosis occurs from birth to 50–60-day age, and dysentery with ileitis - from 2 to 5–6 months. It was established that the development of gastroenterocolitis is associated with a violation of the balance of the microflora and the reproduction of pathogenic strains of microorganisms, which can lead to the development of colibacteriosis, dysentery and ilite, sometimes – clostridiosis. In the pathoanatomical picture of colibacteriosis erosive gastroenteritis predominates, for dysentery – hemorrhagic colitis, for ileitis – proliferative ilite and colitis, for clostridios – hemorrhagic-necrotic enterocolitis. The analysis of veterinary measures carried out on farms showed a lack of a systematic approach to the treatment of factor infections. This was especially true for small farms, which attracted attention to the limited range of antibiotics, incorrect dosage of drugs, chaotic use of antimicrobial treatments. Experimental authors have compiled a universal preventive scheme for subspigmented piglets and breeding animals of the group that contained measures against gastroenterocolitiss of different etiologies. The work emphasizes the general prevention of diseases of the digestive system: providing animals with balanced quality feeds, improving the conditions for keeping pigs and conducting adequate medical and preventive measures.
Painted dedication to Genius and a relief depicting aquila from a sanctuary in Sopianae
Authors: Fábián Boglárka , Szabó Ádám
Published: June 2018

In the locality of Sopianae, Pannonia Inferior, at the east corner of the settlement, there was a presumably customs station built at the end of the 2nd century which existed till 258–260 AD. From one of the rooms of the building excavated on Kossuth Square, Pécs, a fresco depicting a Genius, an inscription belonging to it, two pedestals – probably bases for statues – and a statue of an eagle came to light. Based on the assemblage the room may have been the sanctuary (sacellum) of the official building. The rare but formal telonium or teloneum expression may have been used for this customs station which, as such, belonged to the organization of the Publicum portorium Illyrici. The only surviving inscription may have been dedicated to the genius of the employees or the armed guards of the customs station: Genio | cu(stodiarum?) tel(onei?). On the pedestal bases probably emperor statues were situated. On the eastern wall of the west–east oriented room, based on its own pedestal and generally because of its quality, there was the relief of an eagle placed in a niche personalizing Iuppiter and the imperial power. In this case the eagle can be taken as a state-imperial symbol found in its own context and thus belonged to the rare Roman Age relics of the administration. The sanctuary must basically serve the official imperial cult.
The environmental history of a former salt town in Transylvania (Sic, Northern Romania)
Authors: Jakab Gusztáv , Silye Lóránd , Sümegi Pál , Törőcsik Tünde , Tóth Attila , Sümegi Balázs Pál , Benkő Elek
Published: June 2018

The medieval market-town of Sic (Szék in Hungarian) was an important Transylvanian settlement due to its remarkable salt mining. The impact of the mining activities on the environment and the history of water management were investigated based on a palaeoecological study, performed on the large Reedbed of Sic (Stufărişurile/Nádas-tó). We found that in the last 3000 years the anthropogenic impact has been continuous in the territory, but the types and intensity of the disturbances changed with time. The most notable environmental transitions took place after 1000 AD, suggesting a significant intensification of salt mining. Forest cover significantly drop, but salt concentration and the frequency of halophytic species in the investigated marshland increased during the Late Middle Ages. The dominance of halophytic marshland species reached their peak in the 17th century. This coincides with the apogee of mining activities and human lake management. The most remarkable deforestation occurred in the 18th century, when the present-day landscape with negligible forest cover was developed.
BIẾN ĐỘNG CỦA TRƯỜNG NHIỆT ĐỘ VÀ MỐI QUAN HỆ CỦA NÓ VỚI ENSO TRONG VÙNG BIỂN NINH THUẬN - BÌNH THUẬN
Authors: Chung Tran Van , Huan Nguyen Huu , Long Bui Hong , Hoi Nguyen Truong Thanh , Bac Phan Thanh
Published: June 2018

In this paper, our aim was to examine the role of ENSO in the recent climate variations. Analyzed results on temporal variability of thermal fields in period of 38 years (Jan. 1979-Aug. 2016) showed that Ninh Thuan - Binh Thuan waters were subjected to the significant impact of the ENSO phases (warming and cooling) as well as other processes related to seasonal, inter-seasonal, yearly and mutlti-yearly variations such as in the periods 1986-1989, 1996-2000 and 2009-2011. In order to clarify above issues, authors carried out the analysis of the temporal -spatial changes of temperature fields (include air temperature and sea surface temperature) in Ninh Thuan - Binh Thuan region. The temperature data were exploited from The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) in the form of hourly time-series products with spatial resolution of 0.3o (1979-2010) and 0.20o (2011-8/2016). The results showed that 2016 was quite similar to 1998 and 2010 when the coral bleaching occurred in the study area.