bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHARACTERISTICS OF PINE NEEDLES EXPOSED TO MULTI-SOURCE POLLUTION IN SILESIA: RADIOCARBON CONCENTRATION IN PINE NEEDLES AND ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE NEEDLES’ SURFACE DEPOSITS
Authors: Sensuła Barbara , Toroń Bartłomiej , Rocznik Joanna , Sasiela Agnieszka , Świątkowski Jakub , Tomaszowska Aleksandra
Published: December 2022

We present here the analysis of the radiocarbon concentration and the components deposited on 2-year-old Pinus sylvestris L. needles collected in 2021, which were exposed to air contaminants for approximately two years. The needles were collected from seven sampling sites located near roads, households, and industrial factories in Silesia, the most industrialized part of Poland. The radiocarbon concentration was investigated using liquid scintillation spectrometry. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to quantitatively analyze the elements deposited on the surface of pine needles. The depletion of the radiocarbon concentration in pine needles relative to clean air was observed at most of the investigated sites. Although it has been observed that in the research area, the fossil fuel CO2 emission ranging from 0.4 to 3%, we cannot exclude that Suess effect may be underestimated due to biomass burning and mixing of the 14CO2 origin from different sources. A significant amount of silicon, nitrogen, and sulfur was commonly found in samples, Metal elements of Ca, Fe, Al, Mg, and K were also present in most samples. Heavier elements of Fe and Ti were present in higher concentrations only in needles obtained from sites nearer to the heat and power plant in Łaziska Górne.
Biological control of the stink bug Nezara viridula (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) by two parasitoids and their interaction in non-crop habitats: a simulation model
Authors: Liljesthröm G. G. , Rabinovich J. E.
Published: December 2022

Non-cultivated areas are resting, overwintering, feeding, and/or reproducing habitats for insects, and also places from where crop areas are colonized; thus, they are essential for understanding the biological control programs in agroecosystems. We developed a simulation model for a non-cultivated area of Buenos Aires province (Argentina), and we analyzed the control of Nezara viridula achieved by the action of two parasitoids: the oophagous Trissolcus basalis and the tachinid Trichopoda giacomellii, which attack older nymphs and adults. The model is a discrete time, deterministic, phenomenological, spatially homogeneous with a 1-week time interval simulation model, based on the age-structure and/or stage-structure of N. viridula and its two parasitoids. The host–parasitoid interactions were combined with a degree-day model affecting development times of T. giacomellii pupae and T. basalis pre-imaginal stages. The simultaneous attack of both parasitoid species enables the persistence of the system at low host densities, mediated by the functional response of the parasitoids, identified as population regulation factors. However, if only one parasitoid exists (i.e., only T. basalis or only T. giacomellii) the interaction N. viridula–parasitoid persisted but at higher density of N. viridula. These results explain the successful biological control of N. viridula after the introduction of T. basalis in the 1980s, when T. giacomellii was the only parasitoid present, unable to control N. viridula. Our model shows an indirect competition when both parasitoids are present: the attack of one of them diminished the potential number of hosts available to the other parasitoid species. In the field this interaction is obscured by the hibernation period which acted as a reset mechanism affecting the density and age/stage structure of all three populations. Our model was supported by field observations, and never exhibited the extinction of any of the parasitoids from the interaction.
Terrorist Attacks against Concerts and Festivals: A Review of 146 Incidents in the Global Terrorism Database
Authors: De Cauwer Harald , Barten Dennis G. , Tin Derrick , Mortelmans Luc J. , Ciottone Gregory R. , Somville Francis
Published: December 2022

Background:

Mass gatherings are vulnerable to terrorist attacks and are considered soft targets with potential to inflict high numbers of casualties. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize all documented terrorist attacks targeted at concerts and festivals reported to the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) over a 50-year period.

Methods:

The GTD was searched for all terrorist attacks against concerts and festivals that occurred world-wide from 1970 through 2019. Analyses were performed on temporal factors, location, target type, attack and weapon type, attacker type, and number of casualties or hostages. Ambiguous incidents were excluded if there was doubt about whether they were exclusively acts of terrorism. Chi-square tests were performed to evaluate trends over time and differences in attack types.

Results:

In total, 146 terrorist attacks were identified. In addition to musical concerts, festivals included religious, cultural, community, and food festivals. With 53 incidents, South Asia was the most heavily hit region of the world, followed by the Middle East & North Africa with 25 attacks. Bombings and explosions were the most common attack types. The attacks targeted attendees, pilgrims, politicians, or police/military members who secured the concerts and festivals.

Conclusion:

This analysis of the GTD, which identified terrorist attacks aimed at concerts and festivals over a 50-year period, demonstrates that the threat is significant, and not only in world regions where terrorism is more prevalent or local conflicts are going on. The findings of this study may help to create or enhance contingency plans.
Assessing the Shared Facets of Honesty-Humility and Machiavellianism
Authors: Howard Matt C. , Manix Kelly G.
Published: December 2022

Abstract: The strength of the relation between honesty-humility and Machiavellianism has caused some authors to suggest that the two constructs share common facets. We test this notion in the current article using heterotrait-monotrait (HTMT) ratios. Our sample included 490 participants recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) that completed a self-report survey. The facets of greed-avoidance and desire for status met HTMT ratio cut-offs expected in tests of convergent validity, and the facets of fairness and amorality closely approached these cut-offs. The honesty-humility facet of modesty also demonstrated very strong relations with many Machiavellianism facets, but none strong enough to indicate that the facets converge. These results indicate that honesty-humility and Machiavellianism share facets associated with a (dis)interest in social status and perhaps (dis)honesty. From these findings, we urge future authors to assess the incremental predictive validity of both honesty-humility and Machiavellianism beyond the other, placing a particular focus on outcomes with close associations to unshared facets. We also propose that these results provide insights into a shared conceptual core of honesty-humility and the Dark Triad. Specifically, (dis)interest in social status and (dis)honesty may be the conceptual link between honesty-humility and the Dark Triad, demanding future research on these facets.
Big Five, Dark Triad, and Face Masks
Authors: Howard Matt C.
Published: December 2022

Abstract: Face masks are an effective method to reduce the spread of COVID-19, but many people are reluctant to wear them. Recent authors have called for studies of personality to determine which people may have particularly negative face mask perceptions and reduced face mask wearing. In the current article, we assess the relation of the Big Five and Dark Triad with face mask perceptions and wearing. We apply a four-wave longitudinal research design collected via MTurk ( n = 209, Mage = 36.97 years, 50% female, 85% American), and we use the eight-dimension Face Mask Perceptions Scale to test mediating mechanisms between personality and behavior. When tested together, conscientiousness, extraversion, and neuroticism did not have notable relations with perceptions or wearing; openness and the Dark Triad had significant relations with face mask perceptions, and agreeableness had significant indirect effects on face mask wearing via perceptions. These results indicate that personality does relate to face mask perceptions and behaviors. We call on future research to conduct facet-level studies of personality with face mask perceptions and behaviors to ascertain the cause of these observed relations, further identify the importance of specific face mask perceptions, and integrate personality into models of health behaviors.
Shortening Rates and Recurrence of Large Earthquakes From Folded and Uplifted Terraces in the Western Danghe Nan Shan Foreland, North Tibet
Authors: Shao Yanxiu , van der Woerd Jerome , Liu‐Zeng Jing , Yuan Daoyang , Yao Yunsheng , Zou Xiaobo , Wang Pengtao
Published: December 2022

Understanding the three‐dimensional structure, segmentation, and kinematics of complex fault systems is essential to assessing the size of potential earthquakes and related seismic hazards. The Danghe Nan Shan thrust, a major splay of the Altyn Tagh fault (ATF) in north Tibet, is one of these complex fault junctions. Near the town of Subei, the western Danghe Nan Shan thrust composes two left‐stepping faults outlined by fault scarps in front of folded and uplifted alluvial fans and terraces. Age constraints and 2D reconstructions of the accumulated slip above a transient base level of four terraces standing 7–60 m above the present stream bed yield shortening and vertical uplift rates of 0.5 ± 0.1 and 1.1 ± 0.3 mm/yr, respectively, over the last 130 ka on the southern thrust. Along the northern thrust, vertical terrace offsets of 1.5–3.6 m and horizontal slip of 4.5 m documented in a paleoseismological trench occurred after 12 ± 4 ka, constraining coeval rates of 0.3 ± 0.1 mm/yr for uplift and shortening. Overall, 1.4 ± 0.4 mm/yr terrace uplift and 0.8 ± 0.2 mm/yr shortening rates are determined, in agreement with late Miocene long‐term exhumation rate estimates. Our fault mapping and geomorphic and structural observations imply that the western Danghe Nan Shan thrust accommodates slip transfer from the ATF to the west to thrusting and shortening farther east in the Qilian Shan region. Considering the scarp sizes, their lateral extent, the geometry of the faults at depth, and their slip‐rate, we suggest the possible occurrence of Mw 7+ earthquakes near Subei.
Single-cell analysis reveals the chemotherapy-induced cellular reprogramming and novel therapeutic targets in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Li Kening , Du Yuxin , Cai Yun , Liu Wenjie , Lv Yan , Huang Bin , Zhang Lishen , Wang Zhi , Liu Ping , Sun Qian , Li Ning , Zhu Mengyan , Bosco Bakwatanisa , Li Liangyu , Wu Wei , Wu Lingxiang , Li Jianyong , Wang Qianghu , Hong Ming , Qian Sixuan
Published: December 2022

Chemoresistance and relapse are the leading cause of AML-related deaths. Utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we dissected the cellular states of bone marrow samples from primary refractory or short-term relapsed AML patients and defined the transcriptional intratumoral heterogeneity. We found that compared to proliferating stem/progenitor-like cells (PSPs), a subpopulation of quiescent stem-like cells (QSCs) were involved in the chemoresistance and poor outcomes of AML. By performing longitudinal scRNA-seq analyses, we demonstrated that PSPs were reprogrammed to obtain a QSC-like expression pattern during chemotherapy in refractory AML patients, characterized by the upregulation of CD52 and LGALS1 expression. Flow cytometric analysis further confirmed that the preexisting CD99+CD49d+CD52+Galectin-1+ (QSCs) cells at diagnosis were associated with chemoresistance, and these cells were further enriched in the residual AML cells of refractory patients. Interaction of CD52-SIGLEC10 between QSCs and monocytes may contribute to immune evading and poor outcomes. Furthermore, we identified that LGALS1 was a promising target for chemoresistant AML, and LGALS1 inhibitor could help eliminate QSCs and enhance the chemotherapy in patient-derived primary AML cells, cell lines, and AML xenograft models. Our results will facilitate a better understanding of the AML chemoresistance mechanism and the development of novel therapeutic strategies for relapsed/refractory AML patients.
Quantitative phase contrast imaging with a nonlocal angle-selective metasurface
Authors: Ji Anqi , Song Jung-Hwan , Li Qitong , Xu Fenghao , Tsai Ching-Ting , Tiberio Richard C. , Cui Bianxiao , Lalanne Philippe , Kik Pieter G. , Miller David A. B. , Brongersma Mark L.
Published: December 2022

Phase contrast microscopy has played a central role in the development of modern biology, geology, and nanotechnology. It can visualize the structure of translucent objects that remains hidden in regular optical microscopes. The optical layout of a phase contrast microscope is based on a 4 f image processing setup and has essentially remained unchanged since its invention by Zernike in the early 1930s. Here, we propose a conceptually new approach to phase contrast imaging that harnesses the non-local optical response of a guided-mode-resonator metasurface. We highlight its benefits and demonstrate the imaging of various phase objects, including biological cells, polymeric nanostructures, and transparent metasurfaces. Our results showcase that the addition of this non-local metasurface to a conventional microscope enables quantitative phase contrast imaging with a 0.02π phase accuracy. At a high level, this work adds to the growing body of research aimed at the use of metasurfaces for analog optical computing.
20%-efficient polycrystalline Cd(Se,Te) thin-film solar cells with compositional gradient near the front junction
Authors: Li Deng-Bing , Bista Sandip S. , Awni Rasha A. , Neupane Sabin , Abudulimu Abasi , Wang Xiaoming , Subedi Kamala K. , Jamarkattel Manoj K. , Phillips Adam B. , Heben Michael J. , Poplawsky Jonathan D. , Cullen David A. , Ellingson Randy J. , Yan Yanfa
Published: December 2022

Bandgap gradient is a proven approach for improving the open-circuit voltages (VOCs) in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and Cu(Zn,Sn)Se2 thin-film solar cells, but has not been realized in Cd(Se,Te) thin-film solar cells, a leading thin-film solar cell technology in the photovoltaic market. Here, we demonstrate the realization of a bandgap gradient in Cd(Se,Te) thin-film solar cells by introducing a Cd(O,S,Se,Te) region with the same crystal structure of the absorber near the front junction. The formation of such a region is enabled by incorporating oxygenated CdS and CdSe layers. We show that the introduction of the bandgap gradient reduces the hole density in the front junction region and introduces a small spike in the band alignment between this and the absorber regions, effectively suppressing the nonradiative recombination therein and leading to improved VOCs in Cd(Se,Te) solar cells using commercial SnO2 buffers. A champion device achieves an efficiency of 20.03% with a VOC of 0.863 V.
SOX17-positive rete testis epithelium is required for Sertoli valve formation and normal spermiogenesis in the male mouse
Authors: Uchida Aya , Imaimatsu Kenya , Suzuki Honoka , Han Xiao , Ushioda Hiroki , Uemura Mami , Imura-Kishi Kasane , Hiramatsu Ryuji , Takase Hinako M. , Hirate Yoshikazu , Ogura Atsuo , Kanai-Azuma Masami , Kudo Akihiko , Kanai Yoshiakira
Published: December 2022

Seminiferous tubules (STs) in the mammalian testes are connected to the rete testis (RT) via a Sertoli valve (SV). Spermatozoa produced in the STs are released into the tubular luminal fluid and passively transported through the SV into the RT. However, the physiological functions of the RT and SV remain unclear. Here, we identified the expression ofSox17in RT epithelia. The SV valve was disrupted before puberty in RT-specificSox17conditional knockout (Sox17-cKO) male mice. This induced a backflow of RT fluid into the STs, which caused aberrant detachment of immature spermatids. RT ofSox17-cKO mice had reduced expression levels of various growth factor genes, which presumably support SV formation. When transplanted next to theSox17+RT, Sertoli cells ofSox17-cKO mice reconstructed the SV and supported proper spermiogenesis in the STs. This study highlights the novel and unexpected modulatory roles of the RT in SV valve formation and spermatogenesis in mouse testes, as a downstream action ofSox17.
Increased risk of malignancy in patients with Takayasu’s arteritis: a population-based cohort study in Korea
Authors: Lee Seulkee , Kang Seonyoung , Eun Yeonghee , Kim Hyungjin , Lee Jaejoon , Koh Eun-Mi , Cha Hoon-Suk
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the relative risk of malignancy in patients with Takayasu’s arteritis compared to that in the general population. This retrospective nationwide cohort study used data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database. All newly diagnosed patients with Takayasu’s arteritis were identified between January 2009 and December 2019. They were observed until the diagnosis of malignancy, death, or end of the observational period, December 2020. The standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of the overall and site-specific malignancies were estimated and compared with the incidence of cancer in the general population retrieved from the National Cancer Registry. We identified 1449 newly diagnosed patients with Takayasu’s arteritis during the observational period (9196 person-years). A total of 74, 66, and 8 patients had overall, solid, and hematologic malignancies, respectively. The risks of overall [SIR, 1.62; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27–2.03], solid (SIR, 1.51; 95% CI 1.17–1.92), and hematologic (SIR, 4.05; 95% CI 1.75–7.98) malignancies were increased compared to those in the general population. In solid malignancies, breast (SIR, 2.07; 95% CI 1.16–3.42) and ovarian (SIR, 4.45; 95% CI 1.21–11.39) cancers had an increased risk. In hematologic malignancies, the risk of myelodysplasia increased (SIR, 18.02; 95% CI 3.72–52.66). Immunosuppressive agent use was not associated with malignancy. There was no specific period when cancer more frequently occurred. An increased risk of malignancy was observed in patients with Takayasu’s arteritis compared to that in the general population in this large-scale nationwide population study of Korean health insurance data.
Evolution of the lethality due to SARS-CoV-2 in Spain according to age group and sex
Authors: Saavedra Pedro , Santana Angelo , Peñate Alejandro , Herrera Carol , Pacheco José-Miguel
Published: December 2022

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in China in December 2019 has posed a major challenge to health systems in all countries around the world. One of the most relevant epidemiological measures to consider during the course of a pandemic is the proportion of cases that eventually die from the disease (case fatality ratio, CFR). Monitoring the evolution of this indicator is of paramount importance because it allows for the assessment of both variations in the lethality of the virus and the effectiveness of the control measures implemented by health authorities. One of the problems with estimating the CFR in practice is that the available data only show daily or weekly counts of new cases and deaths; there is no information on when each deceased patient was infected and therefore it is not possible to know exactly how many cases there were at the time the patient became infected. Various approaches have been proposed for calculating the CFR by correcting for the time lag between infection and death. In this paper, we present a novel methodology to perform a non-parametric estimation of the evolution of the CFR by initially identifying an optimal time lag between infections and deaths. The goodness of this procedure is assessed by means of a simulation study and the method is applied to the estimation of the CFR in Spain in the period from July 2020 to March 2022.
Dicentric chromosome assay using a deep learning-based automated system
Authors: Jeong Soo Kyung , Oh Su Jung , Kim Song-Hyun , Jang Seungsoo , Kang Yeong-Rok , Kim HyoJin , Kye Yong Uk , Lee Seong Hun , Lee Chang Geun , Park Moon-Taek , Kim Joong Sun , Jeong Min Ho , Jo Wol Soon
Published: December 2022

The dicentric chromosome assay is the “gold standard” in biodosimetry for estimating radiation exposure. However, its large-scale deployment is limited owing to its time-consuming nature and requirement for expert reviewers. Therefore, a recently developed automated system was evaluated for the dicentric chromosome assay. A previously constructed deep learning-based automatic dose-estimation system (DLADES) was used to construct dose curves and calculate estimated doses. Blood samples from two donors were exposed to cobalt-60 gamma rays (0–4 Gy, 0.8 Gy/min). The DLADES efficiently identified monocentric and dicentric chromosomes but showed impaired recognition of complete cells with 46 chromosomes. We estimated the chromosome number of each “Accepted” sample in the DLADES and sorted similar-quality images by removing outliers using the 1.5IQR method. Eleven of the 12 data points followed Poisson distribution. Blind samples were prepared for each dose to verify the accuracy of the estimated dose generated by the curve. The estimated dose was calculated using Merkle’s method. The actual dose for each sample was within the 95% confidence limits of the estimated dose. Sorting similar-quality images using chromosome numbers is crucial for the automated dicentric chromosome assay. We successfully constructed a dose–response curve and determined the estimated dose using the DLADES.
Construction of a machine learning-based artificial neural network for discriminating PANoptosis related subgroups to predict prognosis in low-grade gliomas
Authors: Chen GuanFei , He ZhongMing , Jiang Wenbo , Li LuLu , Luo Bo , Wang XiaoYu , Zheng XiaoLi
Published: December 2022

The poor prognosis of gliomas necessitates the search for biomarkers for predicting clinical outcomes. Recent studies have shown that PANoptosis play an important role in tumor progression. However, the role of PANoptosis in in gliomas has not been fully clarified.Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) from TCGA and CGGA database were classified into two PANoptosis patterns based on the expression of PANoptosis related genes (PRGs) using consensus clustering method, followed which the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two PANoptosis patterns were defined as PANoptosis related gene signature. Subsequently, LGGs were separated into two PANoptosis related gene clusters with distinct prognosis based on PANoptosis related gene signature. Univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis confirmed the prognostic values of PANoptosis related gene cluster, based on which a nomogram model was constructed to predict the prognosis in LGGs. ESTIMATE algorithm, MCP counter and CIBERSORT algorithm were utilized to explore the distinct characteristics of tumor microenvironment (TME) between two PANoptosis related gene clusters. Furthermore, an artificial neural network (ANN) model based on machine learning methods was developed to discriminate distinct PANoptosis related gene clusters. Two external datasets were used to verify the performance of the ANN model. The Human Protein Atlas website and western blotting were utilized to confirm the expression of the featured genes involved the ANN model. We developed a machine learning based ANN model for discriminating PANoptosis related subgroups with drawing implications in predicting prognosis in gliomas.
Impact of model assumptions on the inference of the evolution of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis in fungi
Authors: Sheikh Sanea , Khan Faheema Kalsoom , Bahram Mohammad , Ryberg Martin
Published: December 2022

Ectomycorrhiza (ECM) is a symbiotic relation between plant and fungi that is essential for nutrient uptake of many stand forming trees. There are two conflicting views about the evolution of ECM in fungi suggesting (1) relatively few transitions to ECM followed by reversals to non-ECM, or (2) many independent origins of ECM and no reversals. In this study, we compare these, and other, hypotheses and test the impact of different models on inference. We assembled a dataset of five marker gene sequences (nuc58, nucLSU, nucSSU, rpb1, and rpb2) and 2,174 fungal taxa covering the three subphyla: Agaricomycotina, Mucoromycotina and Pezizomycotina. The fit of different models, including models with variable rates in clades or through time, to the pattern of ECM fungal taxa was tested in a Bayesian framework, and using AIC and simulations. We find that models implementing variable rates are a better fit than models without rate shift, and that the conclusion about the relative rate between ECM and non-ECM depend largely on whether rate shifts are allowed or not. We conclude that standard constant-rate ancestral state reconstruction models are not adequate for the analysis of the evolution of ECM fungi, and may give contradictory results to more extensive analyses.
Enhanced electrical conductivity and stretchability of ionic-liquid PEDOT:PSS air-cathodes for aluminium-air batteries with long lifetime and high specific energy
Authors: Machrafi Hatim , Iermano Fabio , Temsamani Souhail , Bobinac Ilija , Iorio Carlo S.
Published: December 2022

A hydrogel film, poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT):polystyrenesulfonate (PSS), containing an ionic liquid, is used as an air–cathode for a metal-air battery and its performance is investigated. This work presents the development of the air–cathode and the characterization of its physical, chemical and mechanical properties. Moreover, in view of wearable batteries, these air-cathodes are implemented within a flexible aluminium-air battery. It contains an aluminium anode, an electrolyte made of cellulose paper imbibed with an aqueous sodium chloride solution and the PEDOT:PSS air–cathode. Characterisation tests showed that the ionic liquid did not change the air–cathode chemically, while the electric conductivity increased considerably. The anode has an acceptable purity and was found to be resistant against self-corrosion. Discharge tests showed operating voltages up to 0.65 V, whereas two batteries in series could deliver up to 1.3 V at a current density of 0.9 mA cm−2 for almost a day, sufficient for monitoring and medical devices. Several discharge tests with current densities from 0.25 up to 2.5 mA cm−2 have presented operating lifetimes from 10 h up until over a day. At a current density of 2.8 mA cm−2, the operating voltage and lifetime dropped considerably, explained by approaching the limiting current density of about 3 mA cm−2, as evidenced by linear sweep voltammetry. The batteries showed high specific energies up to about 3140 Wh kg−1. Mechanical tests revealed a sufficient stretchability of the air–cathode, even after battery discharge, implying an acceptable degree of wearability. Together with the reusability of the air–cathode, the battery is a promising route towards a low-cost viable way for wearable power supply for monitoring medical devices with long lifetimes and high specific energies. Optimization of the air–cathode could even lead to higher power applications.
Preparation and catalytic application of two different nanocatalysts based on hexagonal mesoporous silica (HMS) in synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran and 1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives
Authors: Abdolahi Sahar , Gholamian Fatemeh , Hajjami Maryam
Published: December 2022

The present study describes the synthesis, characterization, and investigation of catalytic activity of xanthine-Ni complex (Xa-Ni) and 4-phenylthiosemicarbazide-Cu complex(PTSC-Cu) incorporated into functionalized hexagonal mesoporous silica (HMS/Pr-Xa-Ni and HMS/Pr-PTSC-Cu). These useful mesoporous catalysts had been synthesized and identified using various techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, adsorption–desorption of nitrogen, SEM, TEM, EDX-Map, TGA, AAS and ICP. These spectral techniques successfully confirmed the synthesis of the mesoporous catalysts. The catalytic activity of HMS/Pr-a-Ni (Catalyst A) and HMS/Pr-PTSC-Cu (Catalyst B) were evaluated for synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran and 1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives. HMS/Pr-PTSC-Cu exhibited higher efficiency in green media under milder reaction condition at room temperature. Furthermore, the synthesized nanocatalysts, exhibited appropriate recoverability that can be able to reuse for several times without significant loss of catalytic activity.
Non-ideal gas behavior matters in hydrodynamic instability
Authors: Ren Jie , Kloker Markus
Published: December 2022

Hydrodynamic instability, the foundation for flow’s laminar-turbulent transition and various predicting models, has been helping to understand the physics and shape the design of aerodynamic devices. While for hypersonic flow it is clear that thermodynamic/-chemical effects need be accounted for due to the high temperatures occurring, this letter unveils that also for low-speed flow at ambient temperatures non-ideal, i.e. real-gas effects can play a strong role—a feature missed by the classic theory for Newtonian fluids. By considering a three-dimensional low-speed boundary-layer flow in different thermodynamic regimes—subcritical, supercritical and transcritical—we show the importance of coupling thermodynamics by sensitivity studies of the perturbation growth rate to various inputs of the full stability equations. High sensitivities are found, and not only the transition-onset location but also the transition mechanism may be concerned.
Global ocean wave fields show consistent regional trends between 1980 and 2014 in a multi-product ensemble
Authors: Erikson L. , Morim J. , Hemer M. , Young I. , Wang X. L. , Mentaschi L. , Mori N. , Semedo A. , Stopa J. , Grigorieva V. , Gulev S. , Aarnes O. , Bidlot J.-R. , Breivik Ø. , Bricheno L. , Shimura T. , Menendez M. , Markina M. , Sharmar V. , Trenham C. , Wolf J. , Appendini C. , Caires S. , Groll N. , Webb A.
Published: December 2022

Historical trends in the direction and magnitude of ocean surface wave height, period, or direction are debated due to diverse data, time-periods, or methodologies. Using a consistent community-driven ensemble of global wave products, we quantify and establish regions with robust trends in global multivariate wave fields between 1980 and 2014. We find that about 30–40% of the global ocean experienced robust seasonal trends in mean and extreme wave height, period, and direction. Most of the Southern Hemisphere exhibited strong upward-trending wave heights (1–2 cm per year) and periods during winter and summer. Ocean basins with robust positive trends are far larger than those with negative trends. Historical trends calculated over shorter periods generally agree with satellite records but vary from product to product, with some showing a consistently negative bias. Variability in trends across products and time-periods highlights the importance of considering multiple sources when seeking robust change analyses.
A single-cell comparison of adult and fetal human epicardium defines the age-associated changes in epicardial activity
Authors: Knight-Schrijver Vincent R. , Davaapil Hongorzul , Bayraktar Semih , Ross Alexander D. B. , Kanemaru Kazumasa , Cranley James , Dabrowska Monika , Patel Minal , Polanski Krzysztof , He Xiaoling , Vallier Ludovic , Teichmann Sarah , Gambardella Laure , Sinha Sanjay
Published: December 2022

Re-activating quiescent adult epicardium represents a potential therapeutic approach for human cardiac regeneration. However, the exact molecular differences between inactive adult and active fetal epicardium are not known. In this study, we combined fetal and adult human hearts using single-cell and single-nuclei RNA sequencing and compared epicardial cells from both stages. We found that a migratory fibroblast-like epicardial population only in the fetal heart and fetal epicardium expressed angiogenic gene programs, whereas the adult epicardium was solely mesothelial and immune responsive. Furthermore, we predicted that adult hearts may still receive fetal epicardial paracrine communication, including WNT signaling with endocardium, reinforcing the validity of regenerative strategies that administer or reactivate epicardial cells in situ. Finally, we explained graft efficacy of our human embryonic stem-cell-derived epicardium model by noting its similarity to human fetal epicardium. Overall, our study defines epicardial programs of regenerative angiogenesis absent in adult hearts, contextualizes animal studies and defines epicardial states required for effective human heart regeneration.
In-the-moment Learning of Organic Chemistry During Interactive Lectures Through the Lens of Practical Epistemology Analysis
Authors: Walsh Katie H. , Karch Jessica M. , Caspari-Gnann Ira
Published: December 2022

Although many studies have used interviews to explore how students' reason about organic chemistry problems, less is known about how students learn in-the-moment in natural settings, such as during discussions in active learning settings. In this chapter, we draw on practical epistemology analysis (PEA) to define in-the-moment learning as the noticing of gaps, i.e., students' needs to make something intelligible to be able to progress in an activity, and the filling of these gaps with relations, i.e., connections between what is in question and prior conceptual knowledge or familiar skills. Through analyzing video recordings of students in an interactive general chemistry lecture working on organic chemistry content in groups facilitated by learning assistants, we demonstrate the power of PEA as a tool to make student learning during collaborative group discussion visible. By doing so we aim to provide a lens for practitioners who teach organic chemistry to notice how students' in-the-moment learning progresses and how their facilitation relates to that progression and for researchers to make this progression as it occurs in the moment accessible for their own investigation.
Photo enhancement reveals (E,Z) and (Z,Z) configurations as additional intermediates in iminium ion catalysis
Authors: Stockerl Willibald J. , Gschwind Ruth M.
Published: December 2022

Photo enhancement reveals so far elusive (Z)-configured iminium intermediates of MacMillan's 1st generation catalyst, also existing in the dark.
Supermolecule-assisted synthesis of perovskite nanorods with high PLQY for standard blue emission
Authors: Ye Chuying , Wang Yong , Xiao Yin
Published: December 2022

A supermolecule-assisted approach is reported to afford perovskite nanorods (NRs) with a standard blue emission of 462 nm and a colloidal PLQY of ∼90%. The PL intensity of the NRs is almost unchanged for one week and remains 60% after 40 days.
A DNA origami nanostructure embedded with NQO1-activated prodrugs for precision drug delivery
Authors: He Zhimei , Xiang Wenjie , Fan Qin , Wang Lianhui , Chao Jie
Published: December 2022

We construct a rectangle DNA origami carrying rationally designed prodrugs targeting tumor cell-specific enzyme (NQO1), which offers a potent strategy for precision cancer therapy.
The mechanism of two reversible phase transitions and dielectric anomalies in a single-component organic molecule 1-sulfo-4-dimethylamino-pyridinium
Authors: Yu Zihong , You Xiuli , Du Wenqing , Peng Ziqin , Guo Wenjing , Wei Zhenhong
Published: December 2022

A single-component organic molecule 1-sulfo-4-dimethylamino-pyridiniu undergoes an order–disorder symmetry breaking from 243 K (phase I) to 293 K (phase II) and an isostructural phase transition from 293 K (phase II) to 328 K (phase III).
Metal cluster plasmons analyzed by energy-resolved photoemission
Authors: Iwe N. , Raspe K. , Martinez F. , Schweikhard L. , Meiwes-Broer K.-H. , Tiggesbäumker J.
Published: December 2022

The optical response of size-selected metal clusters is studied by wavelength-dependent photoemission and energy-resolved photoelectron detection.
Acceleration of the semi-hydrogenation of alkynes over an N-doped porous carbon sphere-confined ultrafine PdCu bimetallic nanoparticle catalyst
Authors: Chen Minglin , Kou Jinfang , Ma Haowen , Xiang Yongsheng , Ma Ping , Sun Limin , Zhan Xuecheng , Zhang Junyi , Zhang Huan , Wang Fushan , Dong Zhengping
Published: December 2022

Ultrafine PdCu bimetallic nanoparticles were immobilized on N-doped porous carbon nanospheres for high selective semi-hydrogenation of alkynes.
Enhancing pressure consistency and transferability of structure-based coarse-graining
Authors: Tang Jiahao , Kobayashi Takayuki , Zhang Hedong , Fukuzawa Kenji , Itoh Shintaro
Published: December 2022

A modified coarse-graining scheme, which compensates for the compression of coarse-grained beads at close distances in conventional models, enhances pressure consistency and transferability.
Theoretical study on hydrogen transfer in the dissociation of dimethyl disulfide radical cations
Authors: Cheng Yuan-Yuan , Cui Cheng-Xing
Published: December 2022

Due to water molecules, barriers of the two most probable dissociation pathways for CH3SSCH3˙+ are significantly reduced and the mechanism of hydrogen transfer can be varied from hydrogen atom transfer to concerted one-electron two-proton coupled transfer.
Interfacial design for detection of a few molecules
Authors: Dong Ying , Li Jing , Janiak Christoph , Yang Xiao-Yu
Published: December 2022

This review highlights interfacial design to reach major objectives in the field of molecular detection, including high sensitivity, low interference, miniaturization and automation.
The bridge towards a more stable and active side-on-peroxido (Cu2II(µ-η2:η2-O2)) complex as a tyrosinase model system
Authors: Dalhoff Rosalie , Schmidt Regina , Steeb Lena , Rabatinova Kristina , Witte Matthias , Teeuwen Simon , Benjamaâ Salim , Hüppe Henrika , Hoffmann Alexander , Herres-Pawlis Sonja
Published: December 2022

A novel dinucleating bis(pyrazolyl)methane ligand was developed for tyrosinase model systems.
Robotic digital microfluidics: a droplet-based total analysis system
Authors: Kiani Mohammad Javad , Dehghan Amin , Saadatbakhsh Mohammad , Jamali Asl Shahin , Nouri Norouz Mohammad , Pishbin Esmail
Published: December 2022

Robotic digital microfluidics is introduced as a versatile droplet manipulation platform enabling conduction of various fluidic operations and integrating different devices to develop sample-to-answer systems based on complex assays.
An electrochemically stable Ag@Au–Co core–shell nanowire network-based transparent conductor for flexible self-powered Zn-based electrochromic smart devices
Authors: Zhang He , Feng Jiayun , Sun Fangyuan , Zhou Dongyan , Cao Ge , Wu Zhuohuan , Wang Shang , Su Fengyu , Tian Yanqing , Tian Yanhong
Published: December 2022

A flexible polyaniline-based self-powered electrochromic smart window based on the highly conductive and stable Ag@Au–Co alloy nanowire network was successfully fabricated.
Recent advances in doped Ge2Sb2Te5 thin film based phase change memories
Authors: Bala Neeru , Khan Bheem , Singh Kamaljit , Singh Palwinder , Singh Abhinav Pratap , Thakur Anup
Published: December 2022

Nowadays, chalcogenide-based phase change materials (PCMs) are proving themselves superior in the category of memory devices due to a combination of their unique set of properties.
Engineering viscoelastic mismatch for temporal morphing of tough supramolecular hydrogels
Authors: Hao Xing Peng , Zhang Chuan Wei , Hong Wei , Meng Meng , Hou Li Xin , Du Miao , Zheng Qiang , Wu Zi Liang
Published: December 2022

Viscoelasticity of tough hydrogels is harnessed for programmed temporal morphing by engineering the viscoelastic mismatch. This morphing mechanism resolves the trade-off between mechanical robustness and shape-changing capacity in tough gels.
Bioinspired superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic surfaces with robust wax-prevention, self-cleaning, and oil/water separation functions
Authors: Dai Xin , Song Zhaozheng , Li Peng , Li Sixuan , Yang Luyuan , Jiang Qingzhe
Published: December 2022

A superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic surface with excellent anti-wax, self-cleaning and oil/water separation performances was fabricated by a facile post-crosslinking process.
Protein-mimetic peptoid nanoarchitectures for pathogen recognition and neutralization
Authors: Yang Woojin , Seo Jiwon , Kim Jae Hong
Published: December 2022

This mini-review highlights the design and synthesis of peptoid-based nanomaterials for pathogen-related healthcare applications.
Efficient modulation of thermal transport in two-dimensional materials for thermal management in device applications
Authors: Duan Fuqing , Wei Donghai , Chen Ailing , Zheng Xiong , Wang Huimin , Qin Guangzhao
Published: December 2022

The thermal management applications based on 2D materials are summarized from both theoretical and experimental perspectives.
Bioactive glass-based organic/inorganic hybrids: an analysis of the current trends in polymer design and selection
Authors: Gritsch Lukas , Bossard Cédric , Jallot Edouard , Jones Julian R. , Lao Jonathan
Published: December 2022

Review of the most promising strategies to prepare bioactive glass-based hybrids offering a thorough discussion of key advances in terms of functional and biological performance and a comprehensive summary of all polymers used in hybrids to date.
Sequential administration of virus-like particle-based nanomedicine to elicit enhanced tumor chemotherapy
Authors: Wang Chufan , Xiao Cheng , Chen Yurong , Li Yao , Zhang Qiang , Shan Wenjun , Li Yulin , Bi Shengli , Wang Yunlong , Wang Xiumin , Ren Lei
Published: December 2022

Immunological problems have prevented applications of Virus like particles (VLPs). Here, we show that using immune-orthogonal VLPs sequentially and modifying of major immune region can circumvent immune responses after repeated administration.
Broadband THz absorption using nanosheets of Bi2Te3 grown on a transparent conductor
Authors: Pandey Animesh , Banerjee Sabyasachi , Yadav Reena , Kumar Sumit , Jewariya Mukesh , Chowdhury Dibakar Roy , Lalla N. P. , Husale Sudhir
Published: December 2022

Demonstration of broadband THz absorber based nanostructures of topological insulators.
Thermally stable and rewritable circularly polarized luminescent helical poly(diphenylacetylene)s: stabilization of macromolecular helicity memoryviareversible ion-pair formation
Authors: Sona Shota , Hirose Daisuke , Kurihara Yuki , Maeda Katsuhiro
Published: December 2022

An enhancement of stability of helicity memory, solubility, and fluorescence properties of a poly(diphenylacetylene) has been achieved through ion-pair formation.
Scratching beyond the surface — minimal actin assemblies as tools to elucidate mechanical reinforcement and shape change
Authors: Aufderhorst-Roberts Anders , Staykova Margarita
Published: December 2022

The interaction between the actin cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells is integral to a large number of functions such as shape change, mechanical reinforcement and contraction. These phenomena are driven by the architectural regulation of a thin actin network, directly beneath the membrane through interactions with a variety of binding proteins, membrane anchoring proteins and molecular motors. An increasingly common approach to understanding the mechanisms that drive these processes is to build model systems from reconstituted lipids, actin filaments and associated actin-binding proteins. Here we review recent progress in this field, with a particular emphasis on how the actin cytoskeleton provides mechanical reinforcement, drives shape change and induces contraction. Finally, we discuss potential future developments in the field, which would allow the extension of these techniques to more complex cellular processes.
Conditional independence and predictive copula
Authors: González-López V.A. , Litvinoff Justus Vinícius
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we address the concept of conditional independence between two random variables X and Y given the entity Θ. We identify the impact of conditional independence on the analytic form of the predictive 2-copula between X and Y. We obtain a representation of the predictive 2-copula between X and Y in terms of functions associated with the copulas between X and Θ and between Y and Θ. Through the concept of infinite exchangeable sequences we amplify the validity of our results, obtaining the predictive 2-copula between two variables in terms of the copula between only one of these variables and the quantity Θ.
A modified sagittal split osteotomy: description of technique
Authors: Bastidas Castillo Dario Andrés , Ramirez Naranjo Pamela
Published: December 2022

The mandibular ramus bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) is the common approach in orthognathic surgery; however, this design has some limitations to achieve a good definition in the angle of the jaw in Class II patients with a decreased posterior facial height. This paper aims to show a novel modification and its technic description of the conventional BSSO which increases the vertical length of mandibular ramus and angle, in two patients with a similar diagnosis with a one-year follow-up. In conclusion, modified sagittal split osteotomy is the result of the conjunction of two techniques (BSSO and chin wing osteotomy), that is useful in patients who benefit from improvement in the projection of the mandible angle and increase in posterior facial height. Future studies involving long-term follow-up are needed to evaluate the permanence of these results.
Coronally advanced flap with and without hyaluronic acid (HYALOSS) for the treatment of gingival recession – a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Saxena Apoorva , Bhusari Prashant , Singh Abhilasha , Nagi Ravleen , Chaturvedi Shailendra Singh
Published: December 2022

Objectives:To compare and evaluate the surgical outcome of gingival recession treatment using CAF alone or in conjunction with hyaluronic acid (HA) on Miller's Class I and class II gingival recession defects.Materials and methods: After randomisation, the control group (15 patients) received CAF alone and the test group (15 patients) received HA as an adjunct to CAF technique for an isolated gingival recession accompanied by an adequate width of keratinized gingiva on maxillary canines and premolars. All patients were evaluated at 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days interval post-operatively. Data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis andpvalue <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: At 90 days interval statistically highly significant root coverage was obtained with mean gain of 66.1% in control group and 86.6% in test group. Statistically significant reduction in depth of gingival recession and gain in clinical attachment level was found for control and the test groups, and intergroup comparison showed statistically significant differences for root coverage and clinical attachment level between the groups (p = 0.000), however no significant differences were found for width of attached gingiva, keratinized gingiva and gingival thickness between the groups at 90 days (p> 005).Conclusion: HA has proven to be beneficial in the field of regenerative therapy. Our analysis suggested that HA can be used as a promising adjunct with CAF for root coverage, however further studies are required to imply the results on larger population.