bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Documenting graffiti culture:
Authors: Perroncel Tristana
Published: January 2025

Since its early years, graffiti has been documented with photographs and videos, showing legal and illegal activities in the streets. The most famous photographer of this time will always remain Martha Cooper, who still runs her photographer activities and is invited to the most important events of the graffiti culture in the world. In the mid-seventies, the first digital camera was coming out leading towards a real revolution in filming and photography. Technology has then developed extensively and cameras with higher resolution allowed graffiti writers and audio-visual artists to produce work of higher quality and with new visual perspectives. This progression in time has changed the way of documenting graffiti culture and has expanded its possibilities in terms of visual content, thanks to the democratization of technologies and its improvements. I have photographed and filmed a few groups of graffiti writers, which gave me insight into this culture. This essay wishes to introduce some thoughts on this subject and open a longer discussion concerning the importance of audio-visual material for graffiti as an ephemeral art form.
The commodification of alternative cultural spaces
Authors: Do Carmo Letícia Cabeçadas , Pattaroni Luca
Published: January 2025

The commodification of “alternative” cultural spaces is a process that has started to take place in several European cities, like Lisbon, for instance. This has happened due to the pressure of the real estate market, tourism trends or the austerity measures imposed by Troika, during the global economic crisis (2008). It is in this context that a specific real estate agency acts in order to create an opportunity for its business, investing in the rehabilitation of buildings and revitalization of certain areas of the city (interstices), supported by decorative aesthetics and an architectural design inspired by cultures of resistance. This strategy of territorial and decorative investment has had a big impact in the city of Lisbon. The reuse of images, buildings and practices related to “alternative” environments leads to the aesthetization of certain architectures – particularly those which host creative and cultural projects, and whose designs and marketing strategies distort political or social meanings.
Grupo OPNI graffiti and urban violence in present-day Brazil
Authors: Neves Rafael
Published: January 2025

São Paulo is the largest city in Latin America. In addition to its metropolitan and peripheral regions, there are more than 22 million people. All kind of reality is in the 1.520 km2 that extends its territory. From super millionaires who own huge houses of 10/20 million euros with 10.000 m2 of built area, with helipads and Ferraris in the garage, to wooden houses with 20/30 m2, without connection to the light and water network, with open sewage to your door. Nothing more violent and aggressive than this veiled socioeconomic segregation. Often this is observed within a radius of 5 km away, exposing and depicting a glaring inequality. The vast majority of this poor and excluded population is black. In this context, the Brazilian Hip Hop movement emerged in the 1980’s, in the central region of São Paulo, which gave voice to the latent social problems of the metropolis. This is how the São Paulo graffiti, that spans the walls and concrete of the grey city is born, an ideal platform to express social problems and portray the colours and concepts of the new born musical movement. In this context, in 1997, in São Mateus, the far east of the city, the collective of urban art and graffiti Grupo OPNI was born, which remains alive and active, contradicting all unfavourable statistics.
Editorial
Authors: Neves Pedro Soares
Published: January 2025

The SAUC V5 Issue 1, “Desire Lines: Literal” is about:
Street art and heritage conservation: From values to performativity; Development of art in Kosovo after World War II “The artist’s Art Works after the Second War and their similarities with the famous painters” ; The Local text of a city and public art: in search of a post-Soviet identity; The Brigada Ramona Parra and the art of muralising protest during the Pinochet Regime; From the street to the walls: the “yellow vests” movement in France; Red Army Gra ti: Reconstructing a lieu de mémoire; Con icts of Memory: Red Army Gra ti in the Reichstag 1945-2015; Street Art in Lisbon.
With contributions from Norway, Kosovo, Russia, UK, France, Germany and Brasil.
Street Art in Lisbon
Authors: Souza Natan
Published: January 2025

Lisbon has a wide collection of artworks (paintings, en- gravings, monuments etc) scattered throughout its ter- ritory. These artworks range from the great golden Por- tuguese years to contemporary works and, among the exhibition places, there are not only museums, but also can be found in squares, commercial and residential buil- dings, streets and even metro and train stations.
In the city there is a meeting between the recent and the antique, the new and the old, the traditional and the con- temporary.
urban brownfields of Algiers; between representations, temporary uses and new places of culture
Authors: Boudjadja Rafik , Sassi-Boudemegh Souad
Published: January 2025

The city of Algiers has, since the beginning of the 21st century, undergone significant changes to its urban landscape, a consequence of large-scale urban works. These transformations are particularly and, indeed, spectacularly visible in the eastern districts of: (Belcourt, El Hamma, Ruisseau/-Abattoirs, Hussein Dey, and El Harrach.); they are mixed industrial neighborhoods containing many urban brownfields. These neglected spaces, often well located, constitute an affirmed stake by the public authorities, in particular through legislative changes. Indeed, reinvesting urban brownfields in Algiers means working to control its sprawl, but these spaces are also bringing environmental, urban, economic and social challenges.
This article aims to demonstrate the interest of public authorities (decision-makers), land managers, inhabitants and users of these neighborhoods in addressing the subject of brownfields through the evaluation of their representations, this helps to provide a local and multivariate definition of the brownfield concept. First, it strives to provide answers to the main questions that insist and persist at the decision-making level: is it a sustainable response to densify the city of Algiers by regenerating its brownfields? Are the representations on brownfield sites by decision-makers, managers, inhabitants and users, unified or varied? Are the temporary uses of urban brownfields during their standby time indicative of social needs that should be included in redevelopment projects?
This research, based mainly on questionnaires, highlights the disparities in the representations, in the use and the practice of urban brownfields. The results show that depending on the actor’s nature, the manner of apprehending brownfields is often articulated around interest and need. This article therefore raises the question of urban brownfields in the eastern pericentral neighborhoods of Algiers, considered to be places of high social demand in terms of culture.
Early Street Stencil Pioniers in the US 1969-85
Authors: Blanché Ulrich
Published: January 2025

Independent from New York Style writing graffiti Chaz Bojórquez invented the visual signature tag in Los Angeles in 1969. Like John Fekner in New York from 1976 onwards he created rather road art than street art, stencils for car drivers in the urban outskirts. Fekner mixed conceptual art and activist art in his few word poetry warning sign stencils on car wrecks and industrial ruins. Like Bojórguez also David Wojnarowicz and Alex Vallauri used visual signature stencil tags in early 1980ies New York. Both, Vallauri and Wojnoarowicz, also used smaller stencils in a modular way to create larger mixed freehand/stencil compositions.
Editorial
Authors: Neves Pedro Soares
Published: January 2025

We place here in discussion the maturity of the academic and pedagogical field that graffiti, urban and street art, urban creativity constitute. It’s in fact identified a consistency of knowledge and structure of thought in the several disciplinary areas. As we are convinced that this trend will continue in multiple forms including experimental ones bridging theory and practice, here’s the result of the invite for participation in this reflection. Here is also combined the conference outcomes. There were two main results to achieve during the dialogues of the 2020 online conference. One was to observe the maturity of the academic and pedagogical field that graffiti, urban and street art, well, urban creativity in general have. On the 2020 conference was in fact proven that the consistency of knowledge and structure of thought in the several disciplinary areas regarding the urban creativity topics, are giving way to multiple approaches to classes integrated in master courses, informing the teaching of art historians, the work of designers, and research of cognitive scientists and educators. It was evident that this trend will continue in multiple forms including experimental ones bridging theory and practice, sometimes inverting the role of researchers and authors, but always enlarging audiences, practitioners and studious. The second main result was to observe how the relation evolved between UX and Urban Creativity topics, and the result was fantastic.
This observations originated one article that will be published on the UXUC Journal. Urban Creativity User Experience Online Conference ​ 9, 10 and 11 July 2020, 31 presenters 99, participants per day average (full capacity). Closing panel with Henry Chalfant, Jim Prigoff, Susan Farell and John Fekner. With contributions from Australia, France, Italy, Greece, Belgium, Austria, USA, Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, England, Spain, Japan, China, Russia and Portugal.
Today in San Francisco (27 May 2020)
Authors: Prigoff Jim
Published: January 2025

After two and a half months of staying at home, I ventured to SF to make an important pick-up. I never got out of my car. I documented a few aspects of the trip which I thought I would share.
V7/N2 Editorial
Authors: Bengtsen Peter
Published: January 2025

ince 2015, six issues of the journal Street Art and Urban Creativity have been published, with a total of 84 research articles and numerous essays, working papers and book reviews.
 
The journal, along with the annual Urban Creativity conference in Lisbon and a number of other publications and activities – including the research network Urban Creativity Lund – are indications that the field of urban creativity studies has become increasingly established.
 
The field of urban creativity studies has a broad range of interests including, but not limited to, street art, graffiti, urban foraging, parkour, skateboarding and guerrilla gardening. However, as with any field, once it starts to settle, a dominant paradigm tends to emerge. This will to some degree influence what is considered the core of the field, not only in terms of objects of study, but also in terms of method and theoretical approaches.
As a part of this year’s call for submissions to the journal, in addition to our general call (see below), we invite contributions that reflect on the current status and the future of the transdisciplinary academic field of urban creativity studies that has emerged over the last two decades.
An Assessment of the Design Criteria of Market Areas in Terms Of Urban Space Quality
Authors: Tabak Abacilar Pinar , Yücel Caymaz Gökçen Firdevs
Published: January 2025

This study was conducted to determine how the public markets that serve as open urban areas fit themselves among the other functions in the city and how the design criteria could be shaped in a well-organized city. In the study, urban space quality was analyzed over Yeşilköy market (İstanbul), Kemerburgaz Bol Pazar market (İstanbul), and the Braga Market (Portugal) in terms of design criteria. These evaluations were applied by revealing the urban space quality criteria through literature research. In addition, design parameters were created based on site selection, circulation, and street furniture (lighting, landscape, and signing) determined for open market places through design guidelines and existing examples. On-site fieldwork for the examples in Istanbul was carried out. Three different examples discussed in the study were analyzed over the design parameters. The location selection, that is among the design criteria of the market areas, is to some extent important for users to use these areas, but it is not the only indicator on its own. Today's modern market areas are not only for selling fruits and vegetables, they are created using good design elements and equipped with versatile activities and social areas.
Effects Of Square Designs On User Behaviors: The Case Of Taksim Square
Authors: Yasar Dilek , Yücel Caymaz Gökçen Firdevs , Matin Aygören Saba
Published: January 2025

The squares as indispensable open spaces in the sociological, physiological and psychological context of urban life, not only create common platforms for various activities, but also serve as a communication space between the city and its residents. Human beings are the primary factor of the squares. How square designs affect user behaviors is a crucial question. Accordingly, the present study focused on Taksim Square, one of the important squares of the historical city of Istanbul in sociological, cultural, political, and economic terms, and investigated the relationship between design and user behavior in this particular square. The present study adopted an observational research construct, where the study data were captured on the map of the square as user and action inputs, and analyzed in the context of circulation and usage. The results were indicative of the fact that users might tend to use the square as a transit route in such square designs that fail to offer sufficient space for activities, functional diversity, and urban fixtures. Nevertheless, the squares attracted users and channeled them to spending more time in the square in cases when decorative elements, greenery elements, green textures, and seating units were included in the design.
Interpretations and Comparisons of Pedestrian Movement and Land Use Activities in Kadıköy Region Using Space Syntax Method
Authors: Özkan Özbek Müge , Ertürk Fatma , Çelebi T. Tacihan , Kınacı Yagmur , Yücel Caymaz Gökçen Firdevs
Published: January 2025

Prevailing theories of urban form suggest that pedestrian movement characterizes land uses, which in turn take advantage of 'natural movement' generated by the grid configuration. The present paper investigated a configurational method of the urban grid for transit movement and as the main generator of movement patterns. A morphological method, namely space syntax analysis, was employed in the Kadıköy region, with an aim to understand, how the pedestrian movement was generated via a vis the urban layout. Axial analyses include defining the central cores of the settlement and determining the most intense movement in those centers, whereas segment analysis determines the scales and limits of the movement towards the points in such centers. Accordingly, axial maps were developed and analyzed in order to forecast the general functioning of Kadıköy grid. Measures of ‘axial integration’ for properties of the grid and segment analyses in micro-spatial characteristics of Kadıköy were used to investigate transit movement with an aim to gain an insight into movement patterns. Furthermore, correlation of segment and axial analyses were also performed to better simulate the movement. The present paper aimed to investigate the density of pedestrian movement by the characteristics and syntactic properties of urban space that identified limitations in the prediction of movement.
Evaluation of the creative performance of Constantine’s major urban planning steps
Authors: Kermiche Hosna , Labii Belkacem , Boudjadja Rafik
Published: January 2025

This article aims to evaluate urban planning instruments and projects’ urban creativity performance and their capacity to offer favorable conditions for the evolution of Constantine towards the model of the creative city. Thus, we have opted for a multicriteria analysis, and we have constructed an “urban creativity index”, from a review of the literature and from empirical and theoretical indices. 14 dimensions and 100 criteria were identified. The results show that creativity is represented by reference to culture and innovation, and by reference to the process of modernization and transformation implying renovation in thinking in the urban.
Constantine’s three main planning instruments contribute to urban creativity and to the city’s evolution towards the ‘creative city model’ by providing the most necessary factors. Both hard and soft infrastructures, through urban projects, events, urban renewal, requalification, and restoration operations aim to contribute to urban and economic development, attractiveness and competitiveness, and quality improvement. The cultural and strategic dimensions have enregistered the high scores in the three instruments with the dominance of: social dimensions in the Modernization Plan for the Constantine Metropolis, innovative and business dimensions in the Urban Modernization Project, and Cultural dimensions in Constantine Capital of Arab Culture. In terms of creative action, the urban planning in Constantine since 2007 has become strategic planning. Three creative city strategies and policies have been employed: ‘image transformation’, ‘place marketing’, and ‘territorialized production systems’. With these projects and events, urban development and planning is moving from an urban engineering-driven approach to creative city-making.
Arabic Calligraffiti: A Political Liminal Practice in Street Art's Visual Scene
Authors: Zahar Hela
Published: January 2025

Arabic calligraffiti, a form of urban art, has spread in both Arab and Western cities, including Montreal, Paris and cities in Tunisia and elsewhere in the Arabic world. Its visibility underlines different tensions and highlights various conflicts and power relations, such as Arab-Western tensions in the visual culture of Western cities, tensions around the religious role of Islamic calligraphy in Arab cities, tensions around urban art in all cities, and tensions around the various digital spaces where these works are disseminated (Zahar, 2018). Arabic calligraffiti has its origins in Islamic calligraphy, modern Arabic calligraphy and the globalized graffiti movement. It is situated at the problematic meeting of the Arab and Western worlds and raises the question of possible interpenetrations and/or tensions (physical and digital) between those two cultural ensembles. Arabic calligraffiti can be considered in many ways as a liminal practice. In this article, we will illustrate the different facets of this liminal practice.
Banksy in commercial communication
Authors: López Matías , Martín-Ortega Lara , Bellido-Blanco Santiago
Published: January 2025

The advertising market draws on elements and aesthetics from other areas and disciplines, appropriating artistic imaginaries of Street Art, subverting them to change the user's perception of messages. The media increasingly show creative solutions that take ideas from the art world as a reference. They reuse pre-existing images to give them a new message that responds to a different discourse. In this article, we will study how the imaginary of advertising appropriates urban movements, analysing the influences of the artist Banksy on persuasive commercial activity and vice versa. The conclusions of this analysis are that the very appropriation, an inherent consequence of the art and advertising binomial, improves the creative dimension of the works in both areas. Communication tends to reuse the artistic imaginary for commercial purposes, while the artist drinks from commercial aesthetics to represent the reality in which he lives. There is also a proliferation of the number of pieces related to the actions of the author Banksy in recent years. Observing iconography and techniques of persuasive communication in the work of this anonymous author.
Guidelines for authors
Authors: VisualCOM Scientific Publications Street Art & Urban Creativity
Published: January 2025

As part of the submission process, authors are required to check off their submission's compliance with all of the following items, and submissions may be returned to authors that do not adhere to these guidelines.
The Role of Initiatives in Metropolitan Design Strategies Through NYC Case
Authors: Çubuk Gencay
Published: January 2025

The study first considers urban design, the strategies needed to increase the operability and sustainability of urban design, and the role of initiatives in these, through a literature review. Then, the NYC Design Guidelines for the years 2017-2021 are reviewed and the data here are evaluated together with the previous inferences. The design studies for the metropolitan area provide local solutions that can be successful if they are designed with an understanding that brings together the works of local governments and these initiatives. Routers in urban use are directly related to the fact that a large number of user teams with different purposes can reach areas with high efficiency and experience themselves by adhering to the routers provided by the initiatives. The prominent keywords in the inferences obtained in this section are handled both individually and taking into account the thematic groups they form. The frequencies of the leading themes and the way they are associated make visible the work areas in which the initiatives have a stake. Since the themes in this reading include organic relations both numerically and verbally, it is very important to understand the role of initiatives in the applicability of NYC design criteria, that these representations are fed from contrasts such as proximity-distance, frequency-rareness, as in real life. By filtering the data obtained at each step through the literature review, the next step is taken and a comprehensive framework is presented on the current positioning of the initiatives and how they can be carried into the near future.
Graffiti, street art, murals and music
Authors: Rasimi Adhurim H. , Mazreku Faton
Published: January 2025

This research analyzes graffiti and murals made by young artists who are school students in Kosovo, and some of the professional artists, as a visual expressive description for certain purposes. Murals and graffiti which are made by students differ from those by professional artists in the field of visual arts,  for the fact that naturally the graffiti made on the internal and external walls of schools display superficial and educational messages but still show creative aspects of the feeling for mural painting. A part of the graffiti were interwoven with musical art and represent the influence or inspiration from various musical components which in their images show musical content in the representation such as: musical instruments, musical performers, musical genres, musical bands (orchestras), and various musical symbols, notes, staff (pentagrams), musical keys, etc. The graffiti made by the students show their peculiarities in the content and in their messages. They are numerous in some schools in Kosovo, where graffiti fulfills the need of students to enforce any given topic, either social or educational. The importance and peculiarity of this research is that it highlights that the creation of graffiti-murals by students of different ages contains and displays empowering messages on certain topics, although art can also be used in other mediums where they convey their messages, however, in the murals there lies a greater power for conveying a message.
Editorial
Authors: Neves Pedro Soares
Published: January 2025

The current editorial year has been marked by significant shifts and transformative changes within the SAUC journal landscape. As we look ahead to the forthcoming editorial year, we are poised to embark on a transitional journey that will encompass both structural modifications and thematic realignments.
Anticipate a discernible shift in the direction of the SAUC journal, as we navigate through these evolutionary phases. While the scientific board and subject matter of the journal undergo a metamorphosis, it's imperative to underscore that the rich publishing history, which stands as a testament to our scholarly contributions and achievements, will remain intact and continue to serve as a foundational pillar of our legacy.
This edition showcases an eclectic mix of authors and articles that encapsulate the rich tapestry of topics within this vibrant field.
Activism, Textuality, and Feedback in La nueva banda de la terraza’s Graffiti- Projections
Authors: Guerrero Hernandez Juan Carlos
Published: January 2025

In the social mobilizations (2020-2022) during and after the COVID-19 lockdown in Colombia, the graffiti- projections produced, projected, and published by La nueva banda de la terraza played an essential role in visualizing, nurturing, and accompanying the social protests and the demands. As part of an unparalleled visual activism in Colombia, the graffiti-projections, which began in Medellín and soon expanded to other cities and beyond the country’s borders, created an expanded para-cinema of protests, played an essential role in a complex web of actions and practices that made it possible, for the first time in the republican history of Colombia, to create a comprehensive, multivocal, and diverse social movement. The present analysis discusses how the graffiti- projections catalyzed engagement and dialogue and strengthened the democratization of the public sphere by developing an expanded para-cinema that involved textuality and social media, reenergized graffiti, street art, and communal Do-It-With-Others, and developed emancipatory strategies and networks.
Analysis of vaccination results against COVID-19 on the example of residents of two cities of Eastern Siberia
Authors:   PhD, Associate Professor at the Department of Outpatient Care and Family Medicine, V.F.Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Federal Siberian Scientific and Clinical Center FMBA of Russia, Danilova L.K. , Evsyukov A.A. ,   PhD, Associate Professor at the Department of Outpatient Care and Family Medicine, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F.Voino-Yasenetsky, Shtarik S.Yu. ,   PhD, Professor at the Department of Outpatient Care and Family Medicine, V.F.Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Zorina E.V. ,   Associate Professor at the Department of Outpatient Care and Family Medicine, V.F.Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Kaskayeva D.S. ,   PhD, Associate Professor at the Department of Outpatient Care and Family Medicine, V.F.Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Krasnoyarsk, Tutynina O.V. ,   PhD, Associate Professor at the Department of Outpatient Care and Family Medicine, V.F.Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Baron I.I. ,   PhD, Associate Professor at the Department of Outpatient Care and Family Medicine, V.F.Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Shimokhina N.Y. ,   MD, Associate Professor at the Department of Outpatient Care and Family Medicine, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Petrova M.M. ,   MD, Professor, Head of the Department
Published: January 2025

The analysis was conducted of 14,578 patients vaccinated against coronavirus infection in Krasnoyarsk and Zelenogorsk. As a result of the study, the effectiveness of vaccination against the SARS-Cov-2 coronavirus was proven. It was found that of all vaccinated people, 49.5% did not get sick with COVID, and the majority of vaccinated patients had a mild course of the disease. Mortality in the study group from a new coronavirus infection was 3.9% in Krasnoyarsk, 2.9% in Zelenogorsk (p = 0.0005). The median age of patients who died from a new coronavirus infection in Krasnoyarsk was 68.0 [61.0; 72.5] years, among women 68.5 [61.5; 77.0] and in Zelenogorsk among men 72.5 [62.0; 83.0] years, among women 78.0 [71.0; 83.0] years.
Among patients with severe and extremely severe severity, 24 patients were vaccinated, which accounted for 7.9% of all patients with severe and extremely severe severity. Among the deceased patients, 21 (7.8%) patients were vaccinated. In 18 (6.8%) patients who died, infection with a new coronavirus infection occurred within 10 days from the date of vaccination.
Keywords: coronavirus infection, SARS-Cov-2, vaccination against COVID-19, effectiveness of vaccination, mortality from coronavirus infection.
A clinical case of concurrent course of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 and acute myocardial infarction
Authors:   a graduate student at the Department of Infectious Diseases, Phthisiology and Dermatovenerology of the Ammosov NEFU Medical Institute, Yakutsk, Russian Federation, Kuznetsova A.M. , Sleptsova S.S. ,   Doctor of Medical Sciences (MD), associate professor, Head of the Department of Infectious Diseases, Phthisiology and Dermatovenerology
Published: January 2025

COVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus primarily affecting the respiratory system and leading to pathological changes in the cardiovascular system. The aim of the research is to analyze the clinical course of the new coronavirus infection in patients with comorbid conditions and the development of heart damage associated with COVID-19.
Materials and Methods: A clinical case of a patient belonging to a high-risk group is described, having comorbidities (such as chronic heart failure, type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension), an age of 77 years, and female gender. Despite the patient's late presentation for medical assistance, resulting in worsening of myocardial infarction, which occurred in combination with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, timely identification of the risk of cardiovascular complications was carried out during the hospitalization stage, and specific targeted therapy was initiated. However, 11 months after discharge, the patient experienced a second myocardial infarction, followed by a third one after 3.5 months (both with favorable outcomes).
Results of the Study: The presented clinical case confirms the existence of pathogenetic interaction between cardiovascular diseases and COVID-19, wherein the SARS-CoV-2 virus penetrates lung cells, heart, and other organs, affecting the endothelium of blood vessels, leading to partial destruction and damage to cardiac tissue.
Keywords: COVID-19, clinical case, arterial hypertension, myocardial infarction, risks of cardiovascular complications.
The relationship of the content of blood transport proteins with the state of the immune system in practically healthy inhabitants of the Svalbard archipelago during the polar day
Authors:   junior researcher at the laboratory regulatory mechanisms of immunity of the Institute of physiology of natural adaptations at the N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pashinskaya K.O. , Samodova A.V. ,   PhD (Biology), Leading Researcher, Head of laboratory regulatory mechanisms of immunity of the Institute of physiology of natural adaptations at the N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dobrodeeva L.K. ,   MD, Prof., honored worker of science, Director, Chief Researcher of laboratory regulatory mechanisms of immunity, director of the Institute of physiology of natural adaptations at the N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2025

The article presents data on the content of transport proteins of the blood system in relation to the state of the immune system in people living in extremely unfavorable conditions of the Svalbard archipelago. It has been established that the inhabitants of Spitsbergen have an activation of cell migration into tissues in case of insufficient oxygenation of tissues. A decrease in the level of lymphocytes in the circulation causes a violation of the regulation of immune reactions with the accumulation in the blood of extracellular forms of receptors, circulating immune complexes. People living in Svalbard have an increased need for transport components of the blood system: haptoglobin, transferrin and IgM.
Keywords: neutropenia, lymphopenia, free forms of cell receptors, immune complexes, haptoglobin, transferrin, immunoglobulins, Svalbard archipelago.
Mechanism of DNA Chemical Denaturation
Authors: Ostrovsky Daniel , Ostrovsky Mikhail
Published: January 2025

We developed a method to evaluate the degree of influence of electrostatic repulsion and different attraction forces on DNA during its chemical denaturation. Our method can be suitable for selecting DNA (or other systems with controllable denaturation) targeted for specific applications and/or to optimize the denaturants for any given DNA. Our theory has been developed for DNA chemical denaturation for low and medium denaturation degrees, including but not limited to 50\% denaturation as a reversible first-order reaction. Specifically, we show the degrees of influence of hydrogen bonding, dispersion, polar forces, proton donor/acceptor ratio, dipole induction, orientation parameter, and electrostatic interaction on the denaturation process of DNA. The absolute enthalpy values for DNA chemical denaturation are significantly lower than those in the thermal denaturation process (positive). We show that the mechanism for reaching 50\% DNA denaturation differs thermally and chemically. The thermal denaturation process mainly involves breaking hydrogen bonds via heating DNA, while the chemical denaturation process involves replacing the hydrogen bonding of DNA with denaturants. We also show that hydrogen bonding is the most significant part of the enthalpy of chemical denaturation for the T4 bacteriophage DNA, and the proton-donor effect is the dominant mechanism in disrupting hydrogen bonds in DNA denaturation. The influence of this effect is two times greater than that of the proton-acceptor effect. We also show that another essential factor for DNA denaturation is the orientation component, which is part of the polar cohesion parameter. We show that the total cohesion parameter measured at 50\% of DNA chemical denaturation represents the electrostatic (repulsion) forces that maintain the DNA helix. The conclusions above were achieved using the cohesive energy density approach and corresponding equations based on the thermodynamics of the denaturation process. Independent experimental data, which we analyzed using our theory, supported these conclusions.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Griseocazine D2 & D3
Authors: Pradhan Subhasish , Viswanathan Rajesh
Published: January 2025

The first enantioselective and biomimetic total syntheses of neuroprotective multiprenylated pyrroloindoline-DKP Griseoca-zine D2, and its diastereomeric congener D3, are reported. The 4-step synthetic route is scalable and convergent, resulting in 24% & 32% overall yields of the congeners, respectively. One of the key features of the synthesis is the installation of both C3 and C3´ normal isoprenyl substituents through a catalytic and highly enantioselective dearomative n-isoprenylation of L-tryptophan. Use of this enantioselective strategy overrides the innate substrate selectivities and thereby requires L-tryptophan as a common precursor for both prenylation and farnesylation steps. DKP formation through the coupling of the two halves occurred without epimerization of the stereogenic alpha center of the amino acids.
The Hexaphenyl-1,2-Diphosphonium Dication [Ph3P–PPh3]2+
Authors: Dankert Fabian , Muhm Simon P. , Nandi Chandan , Danés Sergi , Mullassery Sneha , Herbeck-Engel Petra , Morgenstern Bernd , Weiss Robert , Salvador Sedano Pedro , Munz Dominik
Published: January 2025

The oxidation of triphenylphosphine by perfluorinated phenaziniumF aluminate in difluorobenzene affords the hexaaryl-1,2-di¬phosphonium dialuminate 1. Dication 12+ is isoelectronic with elusive hexaphenylethane, where instead the formation of a mixture of the trityl radical and Gomberg’s dimer is favored. Quantum-chemical calculations in combination with Raman/IR spectroscopies rationalize the stability of the P–P bonded dimer in 12+ and suggest, akin to the halogens, facile homolytic as well as heterolytic scission. Thus, 12+ serves as a surrogate of both the triphenylphosphorandiylium dication (Ph3P2+) and the triphenylphosphine radical monocation (Ph3P•+). Treating 1 with dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) replaces triphenylphosphine under heterolytic P–P bond scission. Qualifying as a superoxidant (E vs. Fc/Fc+ = +1.44 V), 1 oxidizes trimethylphosphine. Based on halide abstraction experiments (−BF4, −PF6, −SbCl6, −SbF6) as well as the deoxygenation of triethylphosphine oxide, triflate anions as well as toluic acid, 1 also features Lewis superacidity. The controlled hydrolysis affords Hendrickson’s reagent, which itself finds broad use as dehydration agent. Formally homolytic P–P bond scis¬sion is induced by diphenyldisulfide (PhSSPh), dihydrogen, and the triple bond in acetonitrile. The irradiation by light cleaves the P–P bond homolytically and generates transient triphenylphosphine radical cations, which engage in H-atom abstraction as well as CH phosphoranylation.
The role of skin colour in camouflage: experiment with green plasticine models of the European tree frog Hyla arborea
Authors: Purger Jenő J. , Pál-Dittrich Bianka , Szép Dávid , Samu Krisztián
Published: January 2025

The role of skin colour variations in the survival of European tree frogs is unknown. We presumed that green frogs become more noticeable to predators in the autumn when the colour of the leaves changes. For the study of their survival chance, we made plasticine models of European tree frogs with the same shape and the same dominant colour spectrum of 550 nm. The experiment was conducted in autumn 2018 in three vegetation types with varied backgrounds (vineyard, bulrush belts and reed bed) and in the habitat with a permanent background (concrete wall). In our experiment lasting more than a month we used 50 green coloured tree frog plasticine models in every habitat. Only 10% of the models were damaged by predators. Daily survival rates were high in all habitats (above 99%), and predation pressure on the concrete wall was significantly higher than in the different vegetation types. This was caused by the fact that the colour contrast of frog models on concrete walls (13.3) was twice as high as on grape (6.8), bulrush (4.2), or reed (5.0) leaves. Predators in the vineyard, bulrush belts and reed bed were mostly birds which left traces primarily on the heads of the models, while on the models displayed on the wall most of the traces (on the trunk and limbs) were left by mammals (small mammals, red foxes, and domestic cats). The colour spectrum of the vegetation background of the European tree frog models changed to brownish in autumn, but predation pressure did not increase. The constant green colour of the European tree frog models in natural habitats did not affect predation, from which we conclude that the colour variants may have other functions besides camouflage.
Chemical composition and potential pharmacological properties of field horsetail extract based on GC-MS analysis
Authors: Gappar A.G. , Kipchakbayeva A.K.
Published: January 2025

The Equisetaceae family, particularly the species Equisetum arvense, has long attracted the attention of researchers due to its ancient origins and various applications in traditional medicine. Field Equisetum arvense has been used to treat inflammation, wounds, infections, and urinary tract diseases. In this study, a phytochemical analysis of the Equisetum arvense extract was conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to examine its chemical composition and assess its wound-healing properties. The Equisetum arvense extract was obtained through percolation with ethanol, followed by treatment with diethyl ether and chloroform to isolate nonpolar compounds. Final purification of the extract was carried out using aluminum oxide. The GC-MS method revealed a variety of compounds, including terpenes and fatty acids. Among these were components with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties that may aid in accelerating wound healing. The primary components of the extract associated with wound-healing effects include quercetin, kaempferol, and β-sitosterol. The phytochemical analysis confirmed significant antioxidant properties in the extract, which may help protect tissues from oxidative stress that occurs during wound healing. The identified antibacterial compounds may help prevent wound infections and accelerate tissue regeneration. Thus, the Equisetum arvense extract, processed with chloroform and diethyl ether, represents a promising source of bioactive compounds with potential for application in the development of wound-healing agents.
Comparative effectiveness of some novel fungicides and different biocontrol agents against two Colletotrichum musaeisolates under laboratory condition
Authors: I. Owais  , N. Koondhar  , Rajput N.A. , Khanzada M.A. , Khanzada N. , Zaman S.
Published: January 2025

Colletotrichum musae, is aggressive and devastating threat and causing huge losses in banana production globally. The use of various fungicides and as well as biocontrol agents can help to manage the crop. However, five different fungicides, namely., Antracol, Defeater plus, Ridomil gold, Kocide, and Topsin M at five different concentrations viz., 10 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 500 ppm, and 1000 ppm were used to check the growth inhibition of the two isolates (CM02 and CM11) of C. musae by food poison technique. The topsin M fungicide at all concentrations (10-1000 ppm) was highly effective, which yielded 72-98% inhibition, followed by Ridomil gold 1000 ppm caused 82.11% and 79% inhibition of both isolates. Ridomil gold at 500 ppm causes 75.13% and 69.44% mycelial growth inhibition of CM02 and CM11. In comparison, Kocide at 1000 ppm caused more than 60% inhibition of both strains. However, we observed that, as the concentration decreased the mycelial growth of the pathogen increased. Furthermore, during the present investigation, three biocontrol agents, viz., Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma polysporum and Paecilomyces variotii were used for their antifungal activity against (CM02 and CM11) by dual assay test. T. harzianum proved highly effective biocontrol agents and cause (18.88% and 20.11%) mycelial inhibition of both strains, followed by T. polysporum (13.33% and 15%) and P. variotii (9.11% and 8.75%) on 3rd, 4th and 7th day of inoculation by dual assay test. In conclusion, among all tested fungicides, Topsin M was found highly effective against both strains of Colletotrichum musae. Therefore, biological control especially with Trichoderma species are promising method to control this pathogen quickly. Both isolates of C. musae showed high sensitivity against Trichoderma species on the third and fourth day of inoculation.
Sifat Kimia Dan Sensori Biskuit Dengan Formulasi Mocaf Dan Tepung Kacang Hijau
Authors: Mubarak M Zainun Syauqil , Mulyadi Mochtar Nova
Published: January 2025

Pada era global konsumsi makanan semakin tidak sehat salah satu dampaknya adalah kebiasaan mengonsumsi jajanan dan camilan yang tinggi lemak dan rendah serat, tanpa diimbangi dengan aktivitas fisik yang memadai. Pola makan yang sering kali kurang seimbang antara pangan hewani dan nabati mengakibatkan rendahnya asupan serat. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan munculnya berbagai penyakit degeneratif seperti diabetes mellitus, penyakit jantung koroner, tingginya kadar kolesterol, dan hipertensi Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pengembangan produk makanan yang bergizi dan praktis seperti biskuit, salah satu biji-bijian yang mengandung kadar serat tinggi yakni kacang hijau, kacang hijau juga dapat memberikan aroma khas. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan faktor tunggal (penambahan tepung kacang hijau:tepung mocaf), yaitu (F0) 0:100, (F1) 55:45, (F2) 65:35, (F3) 75:25 dengan 3 kali ulangan.   Parameter yang diamati adalah kadar air, kadar serat kasar dan sifat, organoleptik (rasa, aroma, ras dan tekstur). Data kadar air, kadar serat kasar dianalisis one way anova dan respons organoleptik biskuit dianalisis rm anova. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tepung kacang hijau memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan. Formulasi F3 Konsentrasi F3 yakni tepung kacang hijau:tepung mocaf (75:25). Formulasi ini memiliki rasa 3,30 (agak suka), aroma 3,67 (agak suka), tekstur 3,90 (agak suka), warna 1,83 (sangat tidak suka). Penambahan tepung kacang hijau juga mempengaruhi kadar air dan kadar serat kasar biskuit pada formulasi F3 kadar air 4,85% dan kadar serat kasar 5,67%.
ANÁLISE DA AUTOMAÇÃO NO PROCESSO PRODUTIVO DO PETRÓLEO: UM ESTUDO DE CASO EM UM POÇO COM BSC
Authors: Fernandes Neto André Pedro , França Gilberto Horácio de
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os impactos da automação em um poço de petróleo que utiliza o bombeio centrífugo submerso (BCS)
 
Referencial Teórico: Neste tópico, são apresentados os principais conceitos como método de elevação, focando na eficiência operacional e no desempenho econômico em uma área de uma grande empresa petrolífera nacional. Fundamenta-se na aplicação de sistemas de automação em processos industriais, destacando a importância da supervisão remota e da integração tecnológica no setor de petróleo.
 
Método: A metodologia adotada para esta pesquisa compreende Utilizou-se da comparação sistemática do processo antes e após a implementação da automação, por meio de dados operacionais históricos e resultados obtidos com o novo sistema.
 
Resultados e Discussão: Os resultados obtidos demonstraram uma significativa redução nos custos com mão-de-obra, aumento da receita gerada pelo poço e expansão das variáveis monitoradas, permitindo um acompanhamento mais detalhado e confiável do processo.
 
Implicações da Pesquisa: As implicações práticas e teóricas desta pesquisa são discutidas sobre a ótica da automação, além de otimizar a eficiência do processo, também alinha a operação aos padrões mais avançados de gestão tecnológica no setor, promovendo maior sustentabilidade e competitividade
 
Originalidade/Valor: Este estudo contribui para a literatura dos poços de petróleo BSC, bem como verificou-se que o controle automático efetua ganhos em torno de 27% em relação ao controle manual. Um segundo benefício a ser considerado, após a integração do poço com a sala de controle, foi uma identificação mais rápida dos vazamentos.
Peirce's Semiotic Analysis Of The New Halal Indonesia Logo
Authors: Patriansah Mukhsin , Nurhawa Adevia , Kuncoro M.Septian Adi
Published: January 2025

Since it was inaugurated on March 1 2022, Indonesia's new halal logo has attracted a lot of controversy. This is inseparable from the visual appearance of the logo which is very strong in Javanese culture by taking the shape of a mountain and a lurik surjan motif as the big idea. However, the signs and meanings in them are still conventional in accordance with Islamic values such as the value of divinity, faith and devotion, as well as the value of tolerance. On the other hand, the new Indonesian halal logo design is able to represent the halal and haram rules and laws themselves based on Islamic law. This research uses Peirce's semiotic approach with the boundaries of signs as objects, namely icons, indices and symbols. The method used is a qualitative research method with an interpretive analysis approach. From the results of the research carried out, there is a new marking system through observation and analysis carried out in the form of signs of Allah's pronunciation and the shape of the mosque dome. Overall, the visual appearance of the new Indonesian halal logo meets the design principles of being simpler, timeless, elegant, unique and attractive, proportional and relevant. In this way, the visual identity of the halal logo can make it easier for Muslims to recognize and identify halal products that are suitable for consumption.