bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does music heal? Opera and the mood of people over 50 years of age
Authors: Kubińska Katarzyna , Michałowska Sylwia , Samochowiec Agnieszka
Published: August 2022

The authors of this work, noticing that opera is a combination of music and theater, examined the relationship between listening to opera music and mood changes in people over 50 years of age. The study took the form of a quasi-experiment. Recipients were invited to the previously prepared room, where the audiovisual material – a recording of the opera “La Traviata” – was presented for the first time. This was preceded by the respondents completing the SUPIN C30 and S30 questionnaires and a short survey by the authors. After the presentation of the stimulus, the subjects again filled in the SUPIN S30 questionnaire scale and the GEMS scale. The described procedure was carried out twice, using two different music materials. The procedure remained unchanged, while the audiovisual material changed. The second time, the participants were presented with a recording from the opera “The Barber of Seville”. The participants of the study were 30 people. In the studied group, there are no significant changes in emotional states in response to the opera “La Traviata”. In turn, the opera “The Barber of Seville” has no effect on a positive emotional state. Instead, it caused a statistically significant change in the level of negative emotional states. The results of this study are largely consistent with the results of other studies examining the relationship between music and mood, but there are also limitations – only two pieces of opera music were used and no control group was included. Research has shown that opera, as a specific musical genre, despite its peculiar form, affects mood and emotions.
Computational design of a broad-spectrum multi-epitope vaccine candidate against seven strains of human coronaviruses
Authors: Kumar Avinash , Rathi Ekta , Kini Suvarna Ganesh
Published: August 2022

Spike (S) proteins are an attractive target as it mediates the binding of the SARS-CoV-2 to the host through ACE-2 receptors. We hypothesize that the screening of the S protein sequences of all the seven known HCoVs would result in the identification of potential multi-epitope vaccine candidates capable of conferring immunity against various HCoVs. In the present study, several machine learning-based in-silico tools were employed to design a broad-spectrum multi-epitope vaccine candidate targeting the S protein of seven known strains of human coronaviruses. Herein, multiple B-cell epitopes and T-cell epitopes (CTL and HTL) were predicted from the S protein sequences of all seven known HCoVs. Post-prediction they were linked together with an adjuvant to construct a potential broad-spectrum vaccine candidate. Secondary and tertiary structures were predicted and validated, and the refined 3D-model was docked with an immune receptor. The vaccine candidate was evaluated for antigenicity, allergenicity, solubility, and its ability to achieve high-level expression in bacterial hosts. Finally, the immune simulation was carried out to evaluate the immune response after three vaccine doses. The designed vaccine is antigenic (with or without the adjuvant), non-allergenic, binds well with TLR-3 receptor and might elicit a diverse and strong immune response.
Protected area designation and management in a world of climate change: A review of recommendations
Authors: Ranius Thomas , Widenfalk Lina A. , Seedre Meelis , Lindman Ly , Felton Adam , Hämäläinen Aino , Filyushkina Anna , Öckinger Erik
Published: August 2022

Climate change is challenging conservation strategies for protected areas. To summarise current guidance, we systematically compiled recommendations from reviews of scientific literature (74 reviews fitting inclusion criteria) about how to adapt conservation strategies in the face of climate change. We focussed on strategies for designation and management of protected areas in terrestrial landscapes, in boreal and temperate regions. Most recommendations belonged to one of five dominating categories: (i) Ensure sufficient connectivity; (ii) Protect climate refugia; (iii) Protect a few large rather than many small areas; (iv) Protect areas predicted to become important for biodiversity in the future; and (v) Complement permanently protected areas with temporary protection. The uncertainties and risks caused by climate change imply that additional conservation efforts are necessary to reach conservation goals. To protect biodiversity in the future, traditional biodiversity conservation strategies should be combined with strategies purposely developed in response to a warming climate.
Dividing practices: Senior English and social inequality in New South Wales
Authors: Green Bill , Sawyer Wayne , Roberts Philip
Published: August 2022

The role and significance of schooling in maintaining and renewing social disadvantage is particularly evident in upper secondary education, and especially so in the high-stakes final examination at the end of Year 12. This paper focusses on Senior English in this context, with specific regard to the Australian state of New South Wales. Building on a recent study of the outcomes of the Higher School Certificate (HSC) in 2017, it analyses what the data reveal about the relationship between Senior English and social inequality in this instance. It does so with reference to a brief account of the history of English teaching and senior secondary curriculum policy in New South Wales and also, comparatively, a now well-established comprehensive study of senior secondary schooling in Victoria. It concludes with some implications of this account for further investigations of Senior English and subject English more generally, as well as of the social meaning of senior secondary education in Australia, in particular with regard to the nexus between curriculum and assessment, knowledge, and power.
A yield comparison between small-plot and on-farm foliar fungicide trials in soybean and maize
Authors: Laurent Anabelle , Heaton Emily , Kyveryga Peter , Makowski David , Puntel Laila A. , Robertson Alison E. , Thompson Laura , Miguez Fernando
Published: August 2022

Agronomic research provides management recommendations based on small-plot trials (SPTs) and on-farm trials (OFTs) with very different characteristics. SPTs are traditionally conducted at agricultural experiment stations by research institutes or universities, while OFTs are conducted under commercial-scale conditions and managed by farmers using their own equipment. Several researchers claimed that discrepancies could occur between these two types of trials, which can make the extrapolation of results from SPTs to the farm level difficult. In our study, we conducted an extensive comparison of small-plot and on-farm trials to analyze the effect of foliar fungicide application on maize and soybean yields. We collected data on maize and soybean from five US states. Analysis of the soybean data showed similar mean yield responses and within-trial standard deviation to fungicide application between 479 OFTs and 83 SPTs. For maize, our comparison of 300 OFTs and 114 SPTs showed similar mean yield response in both. Nevertheless, the within-trial standard deviation was three times smaller in on-farm compared to small-plot trials. On the other hand, the between-trial standard deviation (measuring the variability of the effects of fungicide application across different environments) was almost twice as large in SPTs than in OFTs for both crops. Hence, the differences in the effects of fungicide on yield were similar whether they were estimated using OFTs or SPTs for both crops. This implies that OFTs can potentially detect significant yield differences with fewer replicates and thus reduce the cost of data generation. We argue that SPTs can be seen as a preliminary step before scaling up to OFTs to facilitate technology transfer and extrapolate the results in real farming conditions.
Serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) is an accurate biomarker for dengue-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis syndrome diagnosed by Hscore
Authors: Mahabala Chakrapani , Koushik Vivek K. , Manjrekar Poornima A. , Balanthimogru Prashantha
Published: August 2022

Objective

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a potentially fatal complication of severe dengue fever. Here we evaluated the serum soluble IL-2R levels as potential biomarker for identifying HLH in patients with dengue fever.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care center of a teaching hospital, subjects with dengue and fever of more than 5 days, leukopenia/thrombocytopenia and/or hepatosplenomegaly were studied. Data were collected to compare sIL-2R values and serum ferritin with Hscore and Histiocyte Society 2004 criteria. Relevant statistical methods were used.

Results

80 subjects with severe dengue fever were analyzed with relevant investigations. Mean H score was 219.2 ± 17.6 in 18 dengue patients with HLH v/s 166.2 ± 11.2 in 62 patients without HLH (p =  < 0.001). Serum ferritin (11,230.5 v/s 7853.5, p = 0.013) and sIL-2R (32,917.5 v/s 6210, p = < 0.001) were significantly higher in those patients with HLH. sIL-2R correlated very well with HScore (r = 0.98, p < 0.001) compared to ferritin (r = 0.51, p < 0.001) with an AUROC of 1.00 compared to 0.694 (95% CI 0.557–0.831) of serum ferritin for diagnosing HLH. A cut-off value of 10,345 pg/ml for sIL-2R had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% for HLH, whereas, a ferritin value of 8613 ng/ml had only 67% sensitivity and 55% specificity.

Conclusion

sIL-2R could be a single most useful biomarker to differentiate dengue fever patients who are likely to progress to HLH, from those that are not. Full workup for HLH could be limited only to those patients with elevated sIL-2R, especially in resource limited settings.
Ketogenic diet and ketamine infusion treatment to target chronic persistent eating disorder psychopathology in anorexia nervosa: a pilot study
Authors: Calabrese Lori , Scolnick Barbara , Zupec-Kania Beth , Beckwith Caroline , Costello Kayla , Frank Guido K. W.
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder, and shape and weight concerns are often chronic despite weight normalization. No specific treatments exist for those preoccupations that interfere with recovery and trigger relapse. A case study using a ketogenic diet followed by ketamine infusions led to sustained remission in one patient with chronic AN. Here we conducted an open-label trial to test whether this response could be replicated.

Methods

Five adults weight recovered from AN but with persistent eating disorder thoughts and behaviors adopted a therapeutic ketogenic diet (TKD) aimed at maintaining weight. After sustaining nutritional ketosis, participants received six ketamine infusions and were followed over 6 months.

Results

All participants completed the study protocol without significant adverse effects. Two participants maintained TKD for 8 weeks prior to ketamine infusions due to good behavioral response and remained on TKD. Three participants received TKD for 4 weeks prior to and during ketamine, then tapered off after the final infusion. The group showed significant improvements on the Clinical Impairment Assessment (p = 0.008), Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDEQ) Global score (p = 0.006), EDEQ-Eating Concerns (p = 0.005), EDEQ-Shape Concerns (p = 0.016), EDEQ-Weight Concerns (p = 0.032), Eating Disorders Recovery Questionnaire (EDRQ) Acceptance of Self and Body (0.027) and EDRQ-Social and Emotional Connection (p = 0.001). Weight remained stable, except for one participant who relapsed 4 months after treatment and off TKD.

Conclusion

This novel treatment appears to be safe and effective for adults with chronic AN-related psychopathology. The results from this open trial support that there are specific neurobiological underpinnings of AN that can be normalized using TKD and ketamine.

Level of evidence

Level IV, multiple time series with intervention
A fast and efficient algorithm for DNA sequence similarity identification
Authors: Uddin Machbah , Islam Mohammad Khairul , Hassan Md. Rakib , Jahan Farah , Baek Joong Hwan
Published: August 2022

DNA sequence similarity analysis is necessary for enormous purposes including genome analysis, extracting biological information, finding the evolutionary relationship of species. There are two types of sequence analysis which are alignment-based (AB) and alignment-free (AF). AB is effective for small homologous sequences but becomes NP-hard problem for long sequences. However, AF algorithms can solve the major limitations of AB. But most of the existing AF methods show high time complexity and memory consumption, less precision, and less performance on benchmark datasets. To minimize these limitations, we develop an AF algorithm using a 2D $$k-mer$$

k
-
m
e
r

count matrix inspired by the CGR approach. Then we shrink the matrix by analyzing the neighbors and then measure similarities using the best combinations of pairwise distance (PD) and phylogenetic tree methods. We also dynamically choose the value of k for $$k-mer$$

k
-
m
e
r

. We develop an efficient system for finding the positions of $$k-mer$$

k
-
m
e
r

in the count matrix. We apply our system in six different datasets. We achieve the top rank for two benchmark datasets from AFproject, 100% accuracy for two datasets (16 S Ribosomal, 18 Eutherian), and achieve a milestone for time complexity and memory consumption in comparison to the existing study datasets (HEV, HIV-1). Therefore, the comparative results of the benchmark datasets and existing studies demonstrate that our method is highly effective, efficient, and accurate. Thus, our method can be used with the top level of authenticity for DNA sequence similarity measurement.
Achieving Ultra-Wideband and Elevated Temperature Electromagnetic Wave Absorption via Constructing Lightweight Porous Rigid Structure
Authors: Jiao Zibao , Huyan Wenjun , Yang Feng , Yao Junru , Tan Ruiyang , Chen Ping , Tao Xuewei , Yao Zhengjun , Zhou Jintang , Liu Peijiang
Published: August 2022

Realizing ultra-wideband absorption, desirable attenuation capability at high temperature and mechanical requirements for real-life applications remains a great challenge for microwave absorbing materials. Herein, we have constructed a porous carbon fiber/polymethacrylimide (CP) structure for acquiring promising microwave absorption performance and withstanding both elevated temperature and high strength in a low density. Given the ability of porous structure to induce desirable impedance matching and multiple reflection, the absorption bandwidth of CP composite can reach ultra-wideband absorption of 14 GHz at room temperature and even cover the whole X-band at 473 K. Additionally, the presence of imide ring group in polymethacrylimide and hard bubble wall endows the composite with excellent heat and compressive behaviors. Besides, the lightweight of the CP composite with a density of only 110 mg cm−3 coupled with high compressive strength of 1.05 MPa even at 453 K also satisfies the requirements in engineering applications. Compared with soft and compressible aerogel materials, we envision that the rigid porous foam absorbing material is particularly suitable for environmental extremes.
The Importance of Living Arrangements for Criminal Persistence and Desistance: A Novel Test of Exposure to Convicted Family Members
Authors: Hassan Said , Kirk David S. , Andersen Lars Højsgaard
Published: August 2022

Leveraging the richness of population register data in Denmark, this study provides an in-depth examination of the residential situations of the formerly incarcerated over the first 3 years after prison. These data allow us to examine precisely who former prisoners reside with after release, and whether the characteristics of housemates, such as prior conviction status, and relationship type, such as familial ties, are associated with criminal reconviction. While Denmark has one of the lowest incarceration rates in the world, like many other Western countries, it is challenged by high recidivism rates among the formerly incarcerated. Using data on the population of all individuals released from prison between 1991 and 2014 and estimation via Cox proportional hazards models, we find that formerly incarcerated individuals who move into a residence with other individuals with criminal records have significantly greater hazards of reconviction, even after controlling for an extensive set of observed confounders. Residing with family members, particularly spouses, significantly reduces the likelihood of recidivism, but only if the family members do not have a recent criminal conviction. Results underscore the importance of housing arrangements and family ties during the post-release period.
Ästhetik des Überlebens: Die Hütte als experimentelle Kontaktszene in Romanen von Marlen Haushofer, Laura Beatty und Céline Minard
Authors: Nitzke Solvejg
Published: August 2022

Die Hütte ist ein modernes Symbol für den Traum von einem ›alternativen‹ Leben. Sie verspricht denjenigen Vereinfachung und Entschleunigung, die die Freiheit besitzen, sich zu beschränken. Deshalb geben fiktionale Hütten Auskunft darüber, was eine Gesellschaft an sich selbst letztlich überflüssig findet. Darüber hinaus etabliert sich die Hütte im Rahmen der industriellen Revolution als Labor für Beziehungsweisen zwischen Menschen, aber auch zwischen Menschen und Nicht-Menschen. Ausgehend von den Paradigmen der Hütten-Imagination seit dem 19. Jahrhundert untersucht dieser Artikel drei Romane, die die Hütte nutzen, um experimentelle Kontaktszenen zu erkunden. Indem sie generische Konventionen an entscheidenden Stellen verschieben, können sie den zugleich kulturkritischen und sentimentalen Hüttentraum stören und in Frage stellen. Marlen Haushofers Die Wand, Laura Beattys Pollard und Céline Minards Le grand jeu produzieren vielmehr ein Wissen, dass seine epistemischen Bedingungen als epistemologische und kulturelle Inszenierung mitdenkt.
Features Importance and Their Impacts on the Properties of Asphalt Mixture Modified with Plastic Waste: A Machine Learning Modeling Approach
Authors: Vargas Camilo , Hanandeh Ali El
Published: August 2022

Plastic asphalt mixtures (PAM) have attracted extensive attention lately; however, their application in the field has not been so common because of the lack of clear understanding of the behavior of the asphalt mix after modification. In the interest of closing this gap, a modeling tool able to estimate the plastic effect on asphalt mixtures properties is needed. Nevertheless, the suggestion of a generalized model is complex due to the numerous variables involved. To facilitate this process, the present article aims to expand the current knowledge about PAM modeling by providing a clearer understanding of what variables have the highest impact on PAM properties. To do so, data from previous articles have been gathered and machine learning and shapley additive explanation values have been applied. PAM properties assessed were air voids, Marshall stability, Marshall flow, indirect tensile strength, and tensile strength ratio. Overall, the features with the highest impact are plastic type and content (35%), aggregates gradation (35%), aggregates absorption (9%), bitumen content (8%), mixing technique (4%), and bitumen penetration (3%). The final proposed models extend the application of previous machine learning models and feature importance understanding, and, in the field, they can serve as an initial estimate of the plastic effect on different asphalt mixture types. It is suggested that future articles intending to model PAM should consider these critical features during model formulation, and articles evaluating new types of PAM should clearly report these properties, for they might be the basis of these generalized future models.
The roles of cellular protease interactions in viral infections and programmed cell death: a lesson learned from the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Majchrzak Martyna , Poręba Marcin
Published: August 2022

The unprecedented pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), which leads to COVID-19, is threatening global health. Over the last 2 years, we have witnessed rapid progress in research focusing on developing new antiviral vaccines and drugs, as well as in academic and clinical efforts to understand the biology and pathology of COVID-19. The roles of proteases among master regulators of SARS-CoV-2 invasion and replication and their pivotal roles in host defence against this pathogen, including programmed cell death, have not been well established. Our understanding of protease function in health and disease has increased considerably over the last two decades, with caspases, matrix metalloproteases, and transmembrane serine proteases representing the most prominent examples. Therefore, during the COVID-19 pandemic, these enzymes have been investigated as potential molecular targets for therapeutic interventions. Proteases that are responsible for SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and replication, such as TMPRSS2, ACE2 or cathepsins, are screened with inhibitor libraries to discover lead structures for further drug design that would prevent virus multiplication. On the other hand, proteases that orchestrate programmed cell death can also be harnessed to enhance the desired demise of infected cells through apoptosis or to attenuate highly inflammatory lytic cell death that leads to undesired cytokine storms, a major hallmark of severe COVID-19. Given the prominent role of proteases in SARS-CoV-2-induced cell death, we discuss the individual roles of these enzymes and their catalytic interactions in the pathology of COVID-19 in this article. We provide a rationale for targeting proteases participating in cell death as potential COVID-19 treatments and identify knowledge gaps that might be investigated to better understand the mechanism underlying SARS-CoV-2-induced cell death.
The uselessness of AI ethics
Authors: Munn Luke
Published: August 2022

As the awareness of AI’s power and danger has risen, the dominant response has been a turn to ethical principles. A flood of AI guidelines and codes of ethics have been released in both the public and private sector in the last several years. However, these aremeaningless principleswhich are contested or incoherent, making them difficult to apply; they areisolated principlessituated in an industry and education system which largely ignores ethics; and they aretoothless principleswhich lack consequences and adhere to corporate agendas. For these reasons, I argue that AI ethical principles are useless, failing to mitigate the racial, social, and environmental damages of AI technologies in any meaningful sense. The result is a gap between high-minded principles and technological practice. Even when this gap is acknowledged and principles seek to be “operationalized,” the translation from complex social concepts to technical rulesets is non-trivial. In a zero-sum world, the dominant turn to AI principles is not just fruitless but a dangerous distraction, diverting immense financial and human resources away from potentially more effective activity. I conclude by highlighting alternative approaches to AI justice that go beyond ethical principles: thinking more broadly about systems of oppression and more narrowly about accuracy and auditing.
An overview of the tropical cyclone database at the Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan
Authors: Jian Guo-Ji , Teng Jen-Hsin , Wang Shih-Ting , Cheng Ming-Dean , Cheng Chia-Ping , Chen Jen-Her , Chu Yen-Ju
Published: August 2022

Taiwan’s Central Weather Bureau (CWB) has established a new version of tropical cyclone (TC) database to provide users with comprehensive TC data services. As of June 2022, the database includes 1673 TCs originating in the western North Pacific and South China Sea regions since the CWB began TC forecasting operations in 1958. It collects not only the track dataset, satellite imagery, and synoptic weather charts, but also more detailed data and products of TCs that have impacted Taiwan, such as radar reflectivity imagery, high-density surface observations, dropwindsonde data from aircraft observations, and mesoscale analysis maps of rainfall, wind, pressure, and temperature. Such detailed data realistically preserves the TC’s journey across Taiwan and is a feature of the CWB TC database. In addition, the TC database website (https://rdc28.cwb.gov.tw/TDB/) provides tools that allow users to search for TCs of interest based on track, rainfall, and wind. Digital best track data since 1958 is available (https://rdc28.cwb.gov.tw/TDB/manager/obs_data_download/) for users to download and conduct TC research. Also included are technical reports summarizing extensive historical observational research focusing on the mesoscale variations during a TC’s passage over Taiwan. The TC database has been widely used in academic research, disaster prevention, crop revenue insurance, offshore wind power, and other fields. It will continue to develop useful products and integrate more diverse observations to meet the needs of different users.
Child Maltreatment and Couples’ Sexual Health: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bergeron Sophie , Bigras Noémie , Vaillancourt-Morel Marie-Pier
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Childhood maltreatment (CM) is an interpersonal trauma reported by 35% to 40% of individuals in population-based studies in North America. It refers to physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, as well as physical and emotional neglect. Although there is a growing body of cross-sectional work focusing on associations between CM and sexual health, most studies have ignored the broader relationship context in which sexuality is experienced.

Objectives

The current review sought to systematically and critically appraise all studies that reported on the association between CM and couples’ sexual health, to inform clinical care and recommendations for research.

Methods

The electronic literature search was conducted using PubMed, PsycNET (PsycINFO, PsychArticles), Medline, CINAHL, and Eric for peer-reviewed journal articles published before September 2021. Eligible studies had to report on the association between any form of CM and any dimension of sexual health in couples or individuals in a romantic relationship.

Results

In total, 13 studies (18 articles) were included in this systematic review: 4 studies pertained to clinical couples and 9, to community couples; 2 studies used a longitudinal design and 11, a cross-sectional design; 3 studies examined CM as a whole, 2 studies examined multiple subtypes of CM separately, 1 study examined both CM as a whole and its subtypes separately, whereas the other 7 studies focused on childhood sexual abuse. Results indicated that studies using valid measures of sexual health outcomes found significant associations between CM and worse outcomes – including declines over time – in both clinical and community samples. Mediators and moderators of these associations were also identified.

Conclusions

Findings provide preliminary support for the role of CM in couples’ sexual health. There is a need for future longitudinal studies involving both members of the couple, valid and multidimensional measures of sexual health, and potential mediators and moderators.
Trajectory design via unsupervised probabilistic learning on optimal manifolds
Authors: Safta Cosmin , Ghanem Roger G. , Grant Michael J. , Sparapany Michael , Najm Habib N.
Published: August 2022

This article illustrates the use of unsupervised probabilistic learning techniques for the analysis of planetary reentry trajectories. A three-degree-of-freedom model was employed to generate optimal trajectories that comprise the training datasets. The algorithm first extracts the intrinsic structure in the data via a diffusion map approach. We find that data resides on manifolds of much lower dimensionality compared to the high-dimensional state space that describes each trajectory. Using the diffusion coordinates on the graph of training samples, the probabilistic framework subsequently augments the original data with samples that are statistically consistent with the original set. The augmented samples are then used to construct conditional statistics that are ultimately assembled in a path planning algorithm. In this framework, the controls are determined stage by stage during the flight to adapt to changing mission objectives in real-time.
Competition between Rayleigh–Bénard and horizontal convection
Authors: Couston Louis-Alexandre , Nandaha Joseph , Favier Benjamin
Published: August 2022

We investigate the dynamics of a fluid layer subject to a bottom heat flux and a top monotonically increasing temperature profile driving horizontal convection (HC). We use direct numerical simulations and consider a large range of flux-based Rayleigh numbers

$10^6 \leq Ra_F \leq 10^9$

and imposed top horizontal to bottom vertical heat flux ratios

$0 \leq \varLambda \leq 1$

. The fluid domain is a closed two-dimensional box with aspect ratio

$4\leq \varGamma \leq 16$

and we consider no-slip boundaries and adiabatic side walls. We demonstrate a regime transition from Rayleigh–Bénard (RB) convection to HC at

$\varLambda \approx 10^{-2}$

, which is independent of

$Ra_F$

and

$\varGamma$

. At small

$\varLambda$

, the flow is organised in multiple overturning cells with approximately unit aspect ratio, whereas at large

$\varLambda$

a single cell is obtained. The RB-relevant Nusselt number scaling with

$Ra_F$

and the HC-relevant Nusselt number scaling with the horizontal Rayleigh number

$Ra_L=Ra_F\varLambda \varGamma ^4$

are in good agreement with previous results from classical RB convection and HC studies in the limit

$\varLambda \ll 10^{-2}$

and

$\varLambda \gg 10^{-2}$

, respectively. We demonstrate that the system is multi-stable near the transition

$\varLambda \approx 10^{-2}$

, i.e. the exact number of cells not only depends on

$\varLambda$

but also on the system's history. Our results suggest that subglacial lakes, which motivated this study, are likely to be dominated by RB convection, unless the slope of the ice–water interface, which controls the horizontal temperature gradient via the pressure-dependence of the freezing point, is greater than unity.
Hydrodynamic response of an annular swirling liquid sheet surrounding a forced gas jet
Authors: Sahoo Santanu Kumar , Gadgil Hrishikesh
Published: August 2022

Gas–liquid coaxial injectors invariably involve a shear layer between a fast-moving gas stream and a slow-moving liquid stream. This shear layer within the confinement of a recess has a region of absolute instability beyond a critical momentum flux ratio. This causes the spray to exhibit self-pulsation at discrete natural frequencies. We apply sinusoidal acoustic forcing to the gas jet over a range of frequencies and amplitudes to explore the frequency response of the spray. The fluctuating spray width near the injector orifice is measured as a time-resolved tracer characteristic, and its power spectral density is used to determine the spectral response of the spray. The non-pulsating spray that involves a primarily convectively unstable shear layer responds unconditionally to all the forcing frequencies. However, for a self-pulsating spray, when the forcing frequency is far from the natural frequency and both are incommensurate, the spectral response involves both the frequencies, their linear combinations and harmonics representing a state of quasi-periodicity. When the forcing frequency is close enough or the amplitude is high enough, 1 : 1 lock-in is observed where the natural mode is suppressed completely and the spray behaves just like the unforced flow with the peak shifted to the forcing frequency. Combining the experimental observations and application of the van der Pol oscillator model, we could demonstrate the analogous behaviour of this multiphase system with other hydrodynamically self-excited systems with external forcing. The results presented here can prove significant in understanding the dynamics of the atomization process in thermoacoustic coupling and possible control of it.
Nationalities without Nationalism? The Cultural Consequences of Metternich’s Nationality Policy
Authors: Decker Philipp
Published: August 2022

The Austrian statesman Metternich is widely recognized as a leading actor in European affairs in the first half of the nineteenth century. What has been surprisingly neglected is the long-lasting impact of his nationality policy, which he devised and partly implemented within the context of restoring order after the upheavals of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. The devastation and dislocations caused by two decades of warfare gave rise to a critical historical juncture in which Metternich took the lead to form a counterrevolutionary regime and to pursue what can be termed his empire project. A state modernizer, he devised an intellectually elaborate conservative response to the French Revolution that rested on his distinction between supposedly natural nationalities and artificial nationalism. The resulting idiosyncratic governance of empire fostered a vertical integration of societies-in-the-making through the expansion of state infrastructures, while at the same time determining horizontal fragmentation along provincial and linguistic lines. Metternich’s nationality policy helped to create the ideational and institutional foundations of modern nation-building across Central and Southeastern Europe. Its legacy outlasted the monarchy and is reflected in the distinctive culturalist tradition of nationhood in post-Habsburg Central Europe.
Is Russia Fascist?: A Response to Yoshiko Herrera, Mitchell Orenstein, and Anton Shekhovtsov
Authors: Laruelle Marlene
Published: August 2022

Writing Is Russia Fascist? was a difficult intellectual exercise, as it feels counterintuitive to spend years working on a concept, only to refute its validity. Yet it eventually brought more than I envisioned, helping me conceptualize the notion of illiberalism as a more accurate term for capturing the pre-war Russian regime’s ideological nature. Another important take I got from writing this book has been the centrality of memory wars for the whole of Europe, and the need to analyze Russia while looking in the mirror at “our” (read “Western”) own ambivalent, multi-voiced, memories of the 20th century. I am therefore grateful to the reviewers for their interest in the book and for bringing forward so many new arguments to the discussion.
GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky Murchison Widefield Array survey eXtended (GLEAM-X) I: Survey description and initial data release
Authors: Hurley-Walker N. , Galvin T. J. , Duchesne S. W. , Zhang X. , Morgan J. , Hancock P. J. , An T. , Franzen T. M. O. , Heald G. , Ross K. , Vernstrom T. , Anderson G. E. , Gaensler B. M. , Johnston-Hollitt M. , Kaplan D. L. , Riseley C. J. , Tingay S. J. , Walker M.
Published: August 2022

We describe a new low-frequency wideband radio survey of the southern sky. Observations covering 72–231 MHz and Declinations south of

$+30^\circ$

have been performed with the Murchison Widefield Array “extended” Phase II configuration over 2018–2020 and will be processed to form data products including continuum and polarisation images and mosaics, multi-frequency catalogues, transient search data, and ionospheric measurements. From a pilot field described in this work, we publish an initial data release covering 1,447

$\mathrm{deg}^2$

over

$4\,\mathrm{h}\leq \mathrm{RA}\leq 13\,\mathrm{h}$

,

$-32.7^\circ \leq \mathrm{Dec} \leq -20.7^\circ$

. We process twenty frequency bands sampling 72–231 MHz, with a resolution of 2′–45′′, and produce a wideband source-finding image across 170–231 MHz with a root mean square noise of

$1.27\pm0.15\,\mathrm{mJy\,beam}^{-1}$

. Source-finding yields 78,967 components, of which 71,320 are fitted spectrally. The catalogue has a completeness of 98% at

${{\sim}}50\,\mathrm{mJy}$

, and a reliability of 98.2% at

$5\sigma$

rising to 99.7% at

$7\sigma$

. A catalogue is available from Vizier; images are made available via the PASA datastore, AAO Data Central, and SkyView. This is the first in a series of data releases from the GLEAM-X survey.
The affirmative answer to Singer's conjecture on the algebraic transfer of rank four
Authors: Phúc Đặng Võ
Published: August 2022

During the last decades, the structure of mod-2 cohomology of the Steenrod ring $\mathscr {A}$ became a major subject in Algebraic topology. One of the most direct attempt in studying this cohomology by means of modular representations of the general linear groups was the surprising work [Math. Z.202 (1989), 493–523] by William Singer, which introduced a homomorphism, the so-called algebraic transfer, mapping from the coinvariants of certain representation of the general linear group to mod-2 cohomology group of the ring $\mathscr A.$ He conjectured that this transfer is a monomorphism. In this work, we prove Singer's conjecture for homological degree $4.$
Electromagnetic instabilities and plasma turbulence driven by electron-temperature gradient
Authors: Adkins T. , Schekochihin A.A. , Ivanov P.G. , Roach C.M.
Published: August 2022

Electromagnetic (EM) instabilities and turbulence driven by the electron-temperature gradient (ETG) are considered in a local slab model of a tokamak-like plasma. Derived in a low-beta asymptotic limit of gyrokinetics, the model describes perturbations at scales both larger and smaller than the electron inertial length$d_e$, but below the ion Larmor scale$\rho _i$, capturing both electrostatic and EM regimes of turbulence. The well-known electrostatic instabilities – slab and curvature-mediated ETG – are recovered, and a new instability is found in the EM regime, called the thermo-Alfvénic instability (TAI). It exists in both a slab version (sTAI, destabilising kinetic Alfvén waves) and a curvature-mediated version (cTAI), which is a cousin of the (electron-scale) kinetic ballooning mode. The cTAI turns out to be dominant at the largest scales covered by the model (greater than$d_e$but smaller than$\rho _i$), its physical mechanism hinging on the fast equalisation of the total temperature along perturbed magnetic field lines (in contrast to kinetic ballooning mode, which is pressure balanced). A turbulent cascade theory is then constructed, with two energy-injection scales:$d_e$, where the drivers are slab ETG and sTAI, and a larger (parallel system size dependent) scale, where the driver is cTAI. The latter dominates the turbulent transport if the temperature gradient is greater than a certain critical value, which scales inversely with the electron beta. The resulting heat flux scales more steeply with the temperature gradient than that due to electrostatic ETG turbulence, giving rise to stiffer transport. This can be viewed as a physical argument in favour of near-marginal steady-state in electron-transport-controlled plasmas (e.g. the pedestal). While the model is simplistic, the new physics that is revealed by it should be of interest to those attempting to model the effect of EM turbulence in tokamak-relevant configurations with high beta and large ETGs.
First record of Phymactis papillosa (Lesson, 1830), a Pacific south sea anemone in European shores
Authors: Pereira Ana M. , Silva Margarida M. , Mateus Octávio
Published: August 2022

Since 2017, a sea anemone species has been registered in central Portugal with a morphology comparable to Phymactis papillosa, from the Pacific shore of south and central America. In this paper, we have collected two individuals from Cascais, Portugal, extracted their DNA and amplified and sequenced the internal transcribed spacers I and II, markers frequently used in Cnidaria barcoding. The sequences obtained were compared with the ones available on GenBank, using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) on the NCBI website. This procedure allowed the identification of P. papillosa. This is the first confirmed record of P. papillosa in European coasts. Citizen science data suggest occurrences in the Alentejo coast (south-west Portugal) and Mediterranean coast around Murcia, although no genetic or morphological confirmations of these records have been made. The potential effects of this species introduction are discussed.
Positive Dependency Graphs Revisited
Authors: FANDINNO JORGE , LIFSCHITZ VLADIMIR
Published: August 2022

Theory of stable models is the mathematical basis of answer set programming. Several results in that theory refer to the concept of the positive dependency graph of a logic program. We describe a modification of that concept and show that the new understanding of positive dependency makes it possible to strengthen some of these results.
“Inhuman Destiny”: Naturalism, Propaganda, and Despair before Rawls's Conversion
Authors: Cheah Robert
Published: August 2022

This article shows that John Rawls's political thought began not with Christian faith, but with a deep, secular despair about the role of propaganda and ideology in political life. I offer the first extended discussion of Rawls's earliest paper, “Spengler's Prophecy Realized,” which argued that democracy necessarily deteriorated into plebiscitary dictatorship as the masses willingly handed power to whomever controlled the press. I argue that Rawls's earliest work mobilized currents of reactionary political thought—especially that of Oswald Spengler—which Rawls encountered at Princeton student publications. These currents reacted against the then widespread pedagogical project of rejecting “naturalism” and fostering faith in the rationality of democracy. In this light, Rawls's later wartime personalist theology appears as a reversal of perspective, affirming the possibility of a community governed not by propaganda, but by genuine interpersonal revelation. I conclude by asking where these concerns travel and settle in Rawls's mature thought.
Association of dietary phytochemical index with cardiometabolic risk	factors
Authors: Mehranfar Sanaz , Jalilpiran Yahya , Ejtahed Hanieh-Sadat , Seif Ehsan , Shahrestanaki Ehsan , Mahdavi-Gorabi Armita , Esmaeili-Abdar Mohammad , Larijani Bagher , Qorbani Mostafa
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Objective(s): Cardio-metabolic risk factors are becoming a global health concern. To address this problem, one of the proposed ways is to focus on phytochemical-rich foods consumption. Therefore, we aimed to summarize the results of observational studies (cohorts, case-control, and cross-sectional) that investigated the association between dietary phytochemical index (PI) as a new index for evaluating phytochemical-rich food intake and various risk factors of cardio-metabolic disorders. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive systematic review through PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The literature search was performed up to August 2021 with no publication year restriction on observational studies investigating the association between PI and cardiometabolic risk factors on adults and children. A random-effect meta-analysis was used. Results: Overall, 16 articles (cross-sectional, case-control, cohort) were eligible for this systematic review and 8 studies with 99771 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Random effect meta-analysis showed that adherence to higher dietary PI decrease the odds of abdominal obesity (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.88, I2: 84.90), generalized obesity (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.69, 0.98, I2: 68.10), hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.89, I2: 0.00), hypertension (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.99, I2: 7.02), and MetS (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.69, 0.88, I2: 84.90). However, results considering the associations between dietary PI with glycemic indices, and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were not significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Evidence showed adverse associations between dietary PI and some cardio-metabolic risk factors such as obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension and metabolic syndrome.
The Temporal Relationship Between Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flashes and Associated Optical Pulses From Lightning
Authors: Skeie C. A. , Østgaard N. , Mezentsev A. , Bjørge‐Engeland I. , Marisaldi M. , Lehtinen N. , Reglero V. , Neubert T.
Published: August 2022

We present 221 Terrestrial Gamma‐ray Flashes (TGFs) and associated optical pulses observed by the Atmosphere‐Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) on board the International Space Station. The events were detected between the end of March 2019 and November 2020 and consist of X‐ and gamma‐ray energy detections, as well as photometer data (180–230, 337, and 777 nm) and optical camera data (337 and 777 nm). Using the available ASIM data and applying a consistency check based on TGF characteristics and lightning detections from lightning radio atmospherics close in time, we determine the most likely position of the TGFs in relation to the photometer field of view (FoV), and the association to the observed optical pulses. Out of the 221 events we find 72 events where the TGF and optical data are determined to be associated and inside the photometer FoV. Using the measured TGF durations and the time between the onsets of the TGFs and optical pulses we find: (a) That the TGF onsets are always before or at the same time as the optical pulse onsets (taking into account cloud scattering). (b) A tendency for longer duration TGFs to have longer delays between onsets. (c) Two groups of events: (a) where there is a possible overlap between the TGFs and the optical emissions, as the TGFs last longer than the delay between onsets and (b) where the TGFs and optical emissions do not overlap, as there are long delays between the onsets, which cannot be explained by cloud scattering.
Scanning tunneling microscopy of buried dopants in silicon: images and their uncertainties
Authors: Różański Piotr T. , Bryant Garnett W. , Zieliński Michał
Published: August 2022

The ability to determine the locations of phosphorous dopants in silicon is crucial for the design, modelling, and analysis of atom-based nanoscale devices for future quantum computing applications. Recently, several papers showed that a metrology of scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) imaging combined with atomistic tight-binding simulations could be used to determine coordinates of a dopant buried close to a Si surface. We identify effects which play a crucial role in the simulation of STM images and have to be precisely modelled for STM imaging of buried dopants and multi-dopant clusters to provide reliable position information. In contrast to previous work, we demonstrate that a metrology combining STM imaging with tight-binding simulations may lead to pronounced uncertainty due to tip orbital model, effects of dangling bonds and choice of local atomic basis for the tight-binding representation. Additional work is still needed to obtain a reliable STM metrology of buried dopant position.
Electronic correlation in nearly free electron metals with beyond-DFT methods
Authors: Mandal Subhasish , Haule Kristjan , Rabe Karin M. , Vanderbilt David
Published: August 2022

For more than three decades, nearly free-electron elemental metals have been a topic of debate because the computed bandwidths are significantly wider in the local density approximation to density-functional theory (DFT) than indicated by angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) experiments. Here, we systematically investigate this using first principles calculations for alkali and alkaline-earth metals using DFT and various beyond-DFT methods such as meta-GGA, G0W0, hybrid functionals (YS-PBE0, B3LYP), and LDA + eDMFT. We find that the static non-local exchange, as partly included in the hybrid functionals, significantly increase the bandwidths even compared to LDA, while the G0W0 bands are only slightly narrower than in LDA. The agreement with the ARPES is best when the local approximation to the self-energy is used in the LDA + eDMFT method. We infer that even moderately correlated systems with partially occupied s orbitals, which were assumed to approximate the uniform electron gas, are very well described in terms of short-range dynamical correlations that are only local to an atom.