bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolic changes in patients with familial pituitary adenomas associated with mutations in the AIP gene
Authors: Tarasova Tatiana S. , Pigarova Ekaterina A. , Dzeranova Larisa K. , Tiulpakov Anatoly N. , Dedov Ivan I.
Published: June 2017

Currently, many AIP mutations responsible for the development of pituitary adenomas have been described. Penetence of pituitary adenomas in AIP-positive FIPA families is incomplete and varies widely. Data on the characteristics of metabolic changes in patients with familial pituitary adenomas associated with mutations in the AIP gene continues to be inadequate. Evaluation of the results of molecular genetic studies, as well as a thorough analysis of metabolic changes in these clinical cases, will help to develop and improve diagnostic and treatment algorithms, identify patient groups that require special attention of endocrinologists, timely screening, aggressive treatment, and careful dynamic observation.
¿Quién domina los procesos territoriales? Importancia de los diferentes capitales para un desarrollo sustentable. Caso de estudio: Partido de Balcarce, Argentina // Who dominates the territorial processes?Importance of the different capitals for sustainable development. Case study: Balcarce, Argentina
Authors: Auer Alejandra , Maceira Nestor
Published: June 2017

En las últimas décadasestán teniendo lugaren Argentina procesos territorialescomo la agriculturización (intensificación y avance de la agricultura sobre otros usos de la tierra) yel desarrollo de planes de ordenamiento territorial rural. En ambos casos los agentes del territorio afectan la evolución de estos procesos y a la vez son afectados por los mismos. Este estudio analizaambos procesos en el Partido de Balcarce (Argentina) bajo el enfoque de campos sociales de Pierre Bourdieu. Se observa que la posición de los agentes dentro del campo no solo está determinada por el volumen total del capital que poseen, sino también por la estructura de dicho capital y por el capital dominante dentro del campo, afectandoesto las relaciones de poder entre agentes. Si bien el capital que rige la evolución de ambos procesos es el económico, se observa queel capital social cumple un rol estratégico dentro del campo de la comunidad rural y el capital simbólico en el campo delordenamiento territorial.
The Effect Of Reynolds Number At Fluid Flow In Porous Media
Authors: Buchori L. , Supardan M. D. , Bindar Y. , Sasongko D. , Makertihartha IGBN
Published: June 2017

In packed bed catalytic reactor, the fluid flow phenomena are very complicated because of the fluid and solid particles interaction to dissipate the energy. The governing equations need to be developed to the forms of specific models. Flows modeling of fluid flow in porous media with thw absence of the convection and viscous terms have been considerably developed such as Darcy, Brinkman, Forchheimer, Ergun, Liu, et.al and Liu and Masliyah models. These equations usually are called shear factor model. Shear factor is determined by the flow regime, porous media characteristics and fluid properties. It is true that these models are limited to condition whether the models can be applied. Analytical solution for the model types above is available only for simple one-dimentionalcases. For two or three-dimentional problem, numerical solution is the only solution. The present work is aimed to developed a two-dimentional numerical modeling flow in porous media by including the convective and viscous term. The momentum lost due  to flow and porous material interaction is modeled using the available Brinkman-Forchheimer and Liu and Masliyah equations. Numerical method to be used is finite volume method. This method is suitable for the characteristic of fluid flow in porous media which is averaged by a volume base. The effect of the solid and fluid interaction  in porous media is the basic principle of the flow model in porous media. The momentum and continuity  equations are solved for two-dimentional cylindrical coordinate. The result were validated with the experimental data . the result show a good agreement in their trend between Brinkman-Forchheimer equqtion with the Stephenson and Stewart (1986) and Liu and Masliyah equation with Kufner and Hoffman (1990) experimental data.Keywords : finite volume method, porous media, Reynold number, shear factor
Ekstraksi Alginate Dari Rumput Laut Dan Aplikasinya Pada Industri
Authors: Prasetyaningrum A. , Purbasari A.
Published: June 2017

Alginate merupakan komponen utama dari getah alga coklat (Phaeophyceae) yang merupakan senyawa penting dalam dinding sel. Secara kimia alginate merupakan komponen murni dalam asam uronat yang tersusun dalam bentuk rantai linier panjang. Isolasi alginate dari rumput laut coklat dilakukan dengan cara ekstraksi dengan Na2CO3. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan penentuan metode  ekstraksi yang paling baik  dari ketiga metode yang ada, yaitu metode Vincent, metode Herter, dan metode Bashford. Selanjutnya dilakukan optimasi kondisi operasi yang relative lebih baik untuk melakukan ekstraksi alginat dari rumput laut. Variabel tetap pada proses operasi adalah: jenis rumput laut (Sargassum), suhu, tekanan dan kecepatan pengadukan. Variabel berubah adalah konsentrasi  penambahan Na2CO3 (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6% dan 7% (%w/v)) dan waktu ekstraksi (1; 1,5; 2; 2,5 dan 3 jam). Alginat yang diperoleh kemudian diaplikasikan pada pembuatan es krim untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan alginat pada tekstur, warna, Kristal es dan titik beku dari es krim. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa natrium alginat hasil ekstraksi metode Bashford menghasilkan rendemen yang paling tinggi, yaitu 19,15 gram dari 25 gram sampel. Kondisi ekstraksi yang relative baik untuk ekstraksi ini adalah penambahan Na2CO3 5% dan waktu ekstraksi 2 jam. Untuk aplikasinya, alginat ditambahkan pada produk es krim yang siap dikonsumsi. Es krim yang ditambah alginate 0,2% memiliki tekstur halus, warna lebih merata, kristal es yang lebih lembut dan lebih mudah membeku.Kata kunci : ekstraksi, natrium alginate, es krim
Adsorpsi cadmium (II) dan kromium (II) dalam air oleh limbah lumpur aktif
Authors: Setiadi Tj , Kusmaya M. , Halim M. B.
Published: June 2017

Proses pengolahan limbah dengan proses lumpur aktif pada sisi lain menimbulkan permasalahan baru, yaitu persoalan pengolahan lumpur (wastage sludge). Meningkatnya penggunaan sistem ini menyebabkan meningkat pula jumlah lumpur yang harus diolah. Hal tersebut meningkatkan eban ekonomi bagi industri yang mengguanakan sistem pengolahan limbah secara lumpur aktif. Pemanfaatan lumpur aktif sebagai adsorben tentunya mengurangi beban ekonomi pengolahan lumpur. Disamping itu pemanfaatan tersebut memberukan nilai tambah bagi industri karena dapat dijual dan digunakan pada proses penghilangan logam berat dalam suatu air limah sebagai penggantti karbon aktif maupun adsorben lain. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan kapasitas optimumadsorpsi sebagai suatu parameter untuk mengkuantifikasi keefektifan aktifitas suatu adsorben lumpur aktif dalam mengadsorpsi logam berat cadmium dan kromium dari suatu air limbah industri. Dalam penelitian ini, variabel yang divariasikan adalah konsentrasi adsorbat yaitu, cadmium dan kromium dalam rentang 0,97-13,68 mg/L. Variabel lain yang divariasikan adalah ph (dalam rentang 1-14) dan 3 jenis lumpur aktif yaitu lumpur slurry, lumpur cake dan lumpur powder. Hasil dari prnrlitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan lumpur aktif tipe cake memberikan tingkat jumlah logam teradsorpsi paling tinngi dibandingkan lumpur slurry maupun powder waktu kesetimbangan adsorpsi Cd (II) dan Cr (III) menggunakan adsorben lumpur aktif adalah 24 jam. Persentasi efisiensi penghilangan (removal)logam berat Cd(II) dengan menggunakan lumpur aktif tipe cake untuk rentang konsentrasi 0,97-11,85 mg/l ada pada rentang yang cukup tinggi yaitu 88,44-95,38%. Demikian juga dengan persentase sfisiensi penghulangan logam berat Cr(III) untuk rentang konsentrasi 1,66-13,68 mg/l memberikan angka yang sangat tinggi yaitu 98,26-99,73%. Nilai ph optimum untuk adsorpsi logam  Cd(II) dan Cr(III) oleh lompur aktif terjadi pada ph antara 6,0 dan 8,0. Persamaan isotherm yang sesuai untuk adsorpsi Cd(II) dan Cr(III) menggunakan lumpur aktif adalah model isotherm Langmuir, dengan demikian merupakan adsorpsi satu lapis. Khusus untuk adsorpsi Cd(II), prosesnya juga mengikuti model Freundlich. Kapasitas adsorbs maksimum (qm) untuk Cd (II) menggunakan lumpur aktif adalah 6,25 mg/g adsorben, sedangkan untuk Cr(III) adalah 6,13 mg/g adsorben. Tetapan lamgmuir, b, untuk konsetrasi logam Cd(II) adalah 1,06 l/mg dan untukk Cr(III) adalah 23,99 l/mg.Kata kunci : adsorpsi, cadmium, krom, lumpur aktif, model isotherm
Analisis Efektifitas Menara Distilasi Dengan Material-Utilisation Diagram (MUD)
Authors: Budiman A.
Published: June 2017

analisis efektivitas menara distilasi dengan menggunakan konsep dasar hokum  thermodinamika mempunyai peran penting untuk proses sintesa dan pengembangan proses distilasi yang efisien. Denagn analisis ini akan dapat diperoleh informasi tentang thermodynamic efficiency, lokasi/region yang mempunyai efisiensi energy rendah sehingga dapat dilakukan targeting untuk penghematan energi. Tulisan ini akan membahas analisi thermodinamika secara grafis pada menara distilasi untuk mengevaluasi karakteristik pemisahan serta karakteristik exergy pada menara distilasi menggunakan Materual Utilization Diagram (MUD). Informasi yang diperoleh berupa konsentrasi komponen  ringan dan komponen berat di setiap plate dan karakteristik exergy yang berupa exergy loss due to mixing pada phase cair dan phase gas, exergy loss due to evaporation dari komponen ringan dan exergy loss due to condensation dari komponen berat. Tulisan dumulai dari pembahasan internal phenomena pada satu plate dan selanjutnya pembahasan pada seluruh plate. Tulisan ini juga akan membahas karakteristik pemisahan serta karakteristik exergy saat diubah-ubah.Kata kunci : exergy analysis, material utilization diagram (MUD), distilasi
Kajian Eksperimental Pengaruh Micromixing Terhadap Reaksi Parallel Kompetitif Di Dalam Sistem Reaktor Alir Tangki Teraduk
Authors: Altway A. , Winardi S. , Rachimoellah M.
Published: June 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh letak atau posisi feed masuk, kecepatan pengadukan, waktu tinggal rata-rata dan tipe impeller terhadap tingkat micromixing dan yield reaksi parallel di dalam tangki pengaduk secara kontinyu. Sistem yang digunakan adalah tangki silindris beralas datar yang dilengkapi dengan 4 buah baffle dengan diameter T= 0,2 m dan H= T. Impeler yang digunakan adalah inclined fan turbine, fan turbin, atau Rushton disc turbin 6 blade dengan diameter 6 cm, dengan jarak 1/3H dari dasar tangki. Reaksi parallel kompetitif yang dipelajari adalah reaksi netralisasi NaH2BO3 dengan H2SO4 dan reaksi oksidasi reduksi iodide-iodate yang menghasilkan iodine. Sedangkan variabel percobaan adalah  waktu tinggal yang divariasi dengan cara variasi laju alir inlet campuran NaH2BO3, KI dan KIO3 sebesar 1 liter/menit; 1,5 liter/ menit dan 2 liter/menit. Konsentrasi NaH2BO3, KI dan KIO3 di dalam campuran adalah : 0,0909 M; 0,0117 M; dan 0,0023 M. Laju alir larutan yang mengandung 0,3 M H2SO4 adalah 0,045 liter/menit; 0,068 liter/menit dan 0,09 liter/menit. Kecepatan putar impeller divariasi 100,150, 200, 250, dan 300 rpm. Posisi pemasukan larutan divariasi H2SO4 yaitu : di dekat impeler, di daerah bawah impeler, dan di dekat permukaan. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan, bahwa semakin besar kecepatan putar impeler dan semakin lama waktu tinggal dalam reaktor yield iodine yang dihasilkan semakin kecil. Posisi feed yang terbaik adalah terletak di dekat impeler dengan koordinat z` = 0,33 dan r` = 1,4. Penelitian ini juga menyimpulkan bahwa impeller inclined fan turbine memberikan kinerja pencampuran yang lebih baik dibandingkan jenis impeller Rusthon turbine dan fan turbine.Kata kunci : micromixing, yield iodine, bilangan segregasi, reaktor alir tangki teraduk
Pengaruh solven alkali dalam pembuatan karaginan dari Eucheuma Spinosum dengan cara ekstraksi dan pengendapan
Authors: Budiyati C. S.
Published: June 2017

Karaginan merupakan getah rumput laut yang bias diambil dengan cara ekstraksi dengan solvenlarutan alkali. Rumput laut sebagai sumber karaginan adalah jenis rhodophyceae (algae merah).  Karaginan memiliki sifat sebagai pengatur keseimbangan (stabilisator), bahkan pengental (thickener), pembentuk gel (gelling agent), pengemulsi dan lain-lain. Karena sifatnya maka bahan ini banyak dimanfaatkan pada industry makanan, obat-obatan, kosmetika, tekstil, cat, dan pasta gigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh solven KOH dan NaOH pada ekstraksi rumput laut jenis Eucheuma spinosum terhadap hasil karaginan. Rumput laut yang digunakan adalah ganggang merah jenis Eucheuma spinosum. Sebagai pengendap digunakan methanol, etanol dan isopropanol. Variabel dalam penelitian ini : waktu ekstraksi 3 jam , suhu operasi 95 0C, pengadukan konstan, konsentrasi solven KOH dan NaOH masing-masing 0,3; 0,4; sampai 0,7%. Respon yang diamati adalah prosentase hasil (yield) karaginan.Hasil yang baik dicapai pada operasi ekstraksi dengan solven NaOH 0,5% dengan pengendap iso propanol diperoleh hasil karagenan sebesar 40,60% waktu ekstraksi 3 jam, suhu 95 0C.Kata kunci : ekstraksi, rumput laut (Eucheuma spinosum), karaginan
Pengolahan Air Gambut Dengan Kombinasi Proses Flokulasi dan Mikrofiltrasi
Authors: Aryanti N. , Susanto H.
Published: June 2017

Makalah ini membahas gabungan proses flokulasi dan membrane mikrofiltrasi untuk pengolahan air gambut. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan air gambut sintetis  yang dibuat dari humic acid pada berbagai variasi konsentrasi. Validasi dilakukan dengan air gambut asli yang berasal dari daerah Riau dengan kadar organic 168,5 mg/L KMnO4. Sebagai flokulan digunakan FeCl3 dengan jenis membrane hollow fiber polisulfon. Respon yang diamati adalah fluk dan rejeksi kadar organic. Percobaan dilakukan dengan variasi tekanan 0,4-1,6 bar dan konsentrasi flokulan 0-40 mg/L. hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh tekanan operasi akan meningkatkan fluk. Kenaikan konsentrasi flokulan dari 0-40 mg/L menyebabkan fluk yang didapatkan semakin turun dengan rejeksi kadar organik naik. Kondisi operasi terbaik yang didapatkan yaitu pada tekanan 1,2 bar dan konsentrasi flokulan 40 mg/L untuk air gambut  sintetis, sedangkan untuk air gambut asli pada tekanan 1 bar dan konsentrasi floklan 30 mg/L. Kata kunci : flokulan, membrane mikrofiltrasi, fluk, rejeksi
Analisis Thermodinamika Secara Grafis Dengan Konsep Eksergi
Authors: Budiman A.
Published: June 2017

Analisis thermodinamika mempunyai peran sangat penting untuk proses sintesa dan pengembangan proses yang efisien. Selama ini analisis dilakukan berdasar hokum thermodinamika 1, tetapi analisis ini belum memberikan informasi yang lengkap karena hanya memberikan informasi yang bersifat kuantitatif. Sejak tahun 70-an analisis berdasarkan hokum thermodinamika 2 yang berhubungan langsung dengan eksergi (exergy) lebih disukai, karena dapat memberikan informasi yang bersifat kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Dengan analisis ini akan diperoleh informasi tentang thermodynamic efficiency, lokasi/region, yang mempunyai efisiensi energy rendah  sehingga dapat dilakukan targeting untuk penghematan energy. Paper ini akan membahas analisis thermodinamika berdasarkan konsep eksergi. Uraian diawali dengan perbedaan analisis energy dan eksergi, selanjutnya dilakukan analisis eksergi pada salah satu industry kimia. Grafik yang didapatkan akan dengan mudah memberikan informasi tentang kuantitas dan kualitas energi serta efisiensi unit operasi.Kata kunci : analisis thermodinamika, eksergi
Pemodelan Unjuk Kerja Biofilter Dalam Penyisihan H2S Dan NH3
Authors: Suwardin D. , Setiadi T. , Djajadiningrat A. , Bilad M. R.
Published: June 2017

Percobaan penyisihan H2S dan NH3 menggunakan biofilter dalam skala laboratorium telah dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan dua jenis media (limbah padat karet dan seraut sawit) dan konsorsium mikroorganisme yang melekat secara alami dalam media. Tujuan dari percobaan ini adalah untuk menentukan kinerja biofilter serta evaluasi pengembangan model biofilm, pengendali reaksi dan konveksi-difusi-reaksi (KDR). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan efisiensi penyisihan gas H2S menggunakan kedua jenis media mencapai 99,5%, dan untuk kontaminan NH3 mencapai 99% pada media seraut sawit dan bervariasi pada selang 60-98% untuk media limbah padat karet. Dari pengembangan model menunjukkan bahwa profil laju penyisihan kontaminan dapat diprediksi dengan model biofilm dan model pembatas reaksi. Kinetika penyisihan tersebut dikendalikan oleh reaksi biokimia mikroorganisme pada biofilm. Model KDR dinilai cocok untuk memprediksi profil konsentrasi kontaminan sepanjang biofilter. Kata kunci : biofiltrasi, biofilm, konveksi-difusi-reaksi, kinetika, media, model, H2S, NH3
Effect Of Operating Conditions On Steady-State Behavior Of Activated Sludge In Phenolic Waste Water Treatment
Authors: Basuki B. T.
Published: June 2017

Steady-state behavior of activated sludge in phenolic waste water treatment was observed and theoretically considered. The apparatus used in  this experiment was a continuous perfect mixing tank where activated sludge was withdraw continuosly and auto-returned from a settling tank. To explain the data well, it must be taken into  consideration that activated sludge consist of various species of microorganisms. Therefore, ecosystem and whole metabolism of activated sludge would be effected not only by environmental condition (pH, temperature, DO,etc.), but also by operating variables (dilution rate, inlet substrate concentration, etc.). In this study, the relation of whole metabolism of activated sludge between the case which activated sludge is regarded as various species of microorganisms was obtained. Seven empirical parameters in the kinetic equation which were introduce from the predator-prey interaction model were considered to be a function of various operating variables. By using this method, steady-state behavior of activated sludge in the ohenolic waste water treatment could be well explained, moreover, important information to design a practical process for phenolic waste water treatment with activated sludge was obtained.Keywords : phenolic waste water treatment, activated sludge, effect of operating conditions, predator-prey interaction model, kinetic model
A Step Towards a Distributed Model for Bibliographic Data in Sweden
Authors: Malmsten Martin
Published: June 2017

Even though Linked data has been much discussed and publishing of it has been widely implemented, the ecosystem around exchange of library data is still very much based on copying of MARC-records. A more distributed approach regarding the work done would need new models for both the description and how library systems interact. The last couple of years the National library of Sweden has aimed to take at least one step towards such a model.
ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ НАУКОВИХ ПІДХОДІВ ДО ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ
Authors: Maksymiuk М. М.
Published: June 2017

У статті проаналізовано історію виникнення та еволюцію розвитку поняття економічної безпеки і показано, що формування наукових підходів до вивчення даної економічної категорії пройшло декілька етапів. За допомогою історичного методу визначено основні ключові події та віхи розвитку наукової думки щодо економічної безпеки, наведено їх причини, передумови та наслідки. Проаналізовано праці вчених, присвячені дослідженню економічної безпеки на різних рівнях економіки. Визначено економічну безпеку національної економіки як основоположну категорію в системі економічної безпеки.
ФОРМУВАННЯ СТРАТЕГІЇ ФІНАНСОВО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА В УМОВАХ НЕВИЗНАЧЕНОСТІ
Authors: Mykhayliv G.V.
Published: June 2017

Досліджено та узагальнено теоретичні підходи щодо трактування змісту поняття «фінансово-економічна безпека». Проведено аналіз існуючих точок зору щодо підходів формування стратегії фінансово-економічної безпеки підприємства в умовах невизначеності та обґрунтовано необхідність системного підходу до формування системи стратегічного управління фінансово-економічною безпекою підприємства.
ВПЛИВ ДЕМОГРАФІЧНИХ ЧИННИКІВ НА ФІНАНСОВИЙ СТАН ПЕНСІЙНОЇ СИСТЕМИ УКРАЇНИ У СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ
Authors: Rudyk V.K.
Published: June 2017

Розглядаються питання впливу демографічних процесів в Україні на необхідність реформування вітчизняної пенсійної системи. Аналізуються тенденції в демографічній сфері протягом останніх десятиріч, характеризуються її основні показники, досліджується їх вплив на доходи громадян пенсійного віку. Особлива увага приділяється вивченню демографічного навантаження в пенсійній системі України протягом останніх десяти років, розглядається співвідношення між громадянами працездатного віку і пенсіонерами, як воно впливає на фінансування пенсійної сфери, досліджено зміни коефіцієнта заміщення  за досліджуваний період. Проведена оцінка фінансового стану національної пенсійної системи за допомогою основних показників, які дозволяють зробити відповідні висновки щодо подальшого проведення пенсійної реформи в Україні.
ESTIMATING FINANCIAL SUPPORT OF REGIONAL PROGRAMS OF SOCIAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Kokhan I. V.
Published: June 2017

The given article presents the analysis of the experience of the financial support of the regional programs of social economic development and the areas of usage of internal and external resources of the area. Dynamic and balanced development of regions is one of the most important issues for further establishment of marketing relations and social transformations in Ukraine. The Aim lies in the evaluation of financial support of the approved regional programs and launching the amount of their financing. The assessment of social economic situation in Ivano-Frankivsk region in terms of nationwide tendencies allows asserting that economic growth depends on the amounts and sources provided by the state. To determine close connection between  the amount of financing  for the programs  and  gross domestic product, the coefficient of correlation was calculated according to Pierson. It was proved that the amount of financing regional programs of social economic development influences the growth rate of gross domestic product. During research period the activation of regional authority institutions is being surveyed regarding the adoption and financing target regional programs. It was determined that the dynamic activity of the regional community and its territorial units on realization in terms of defined strategic priorities for programs of social economic development will facilitate disproportion reduction and differences in the development of territory units in the region, as well as positively influences the growth of gross domestic product providing steady increase of social welfare.

JEL: R 58
УПРАВЛІННЯ РИЗИКОМ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ БАНКІВСЬКИХ ПОЗИЧОК НА ОСНОВІ МЕТОДІВ РИЗИК-МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ
Authors: Kovalenko V.V.
Published: June 2017

Стаття спрямована на дослідження методів та інструментів управління ризиком забезпечення банківських позичок. Обґрунтовано, що ефективність управління ризиком забезпечення банківських позичок залежить від системності, адекватності способів їх оцінки, методів контролю та своєчасності системи реагування з боку банків та регулятора.

Метою статті є розробка рекомендацій щодо підвищення ефективності управління ризиком забезпеченням банківських позичок з урахуванням ризиків, що притаманні процесу супроводження заставного портфеля банків, в умовах значної невизначеності функціонування банків.

Доведено, що  ризик забезпечення банківських позичок в кредитному менеджменті доцільно розглядати через характеристику ризиків, які формують сукупний кредитний ризик.

Обґрунтовано, що управління ризиком забезпечення відповідає класичному ризик-менеджменту, який виділяє чотири основні етапи: ідентифікація; оцінка ризику забезпечення; контроль ризику; мінімізація ризику.
ФІНАНСУВАННЯ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНИХ ЗАХОДІВ ГАЗОРОЗПОДІЛЬНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ЯК ЧИННИК ЇХ РОЗВИТКУ
Authors: Korol S. V.
Published: June 2017

У статті розглянуто теоретичні питання формування джерел фінансування інвестицій, здійснено аналіз інвестиційних заходів за джерелами їх фінансування на газорозподільних підприємствах.

Метою статті є виявлення пріоритетних джерел фінансування інвестиційних заходів газорозподільних підприємств.

Методика дослідження. Для досягнення поставленої мети у статті використано методи теоретичного узагальнення; статистичні та фінансово-економічні методи – в процесі дослідження динаміки та структури здійснення інвестиційних заходів; табличні методи – для відображення структури  основних джерел фінансування інвестиційної програми газорозподільних підприємств; логічності та порівняння – для визначення взаємозалежності між основними складовими інвестиційних джерел фінансування.

Результати. У результаті проведених досліджень шляхом критичного ретроспективного аналізу визначено  структуру джерел фінансування інвестиційних заходів на газорозподільних підприємствах. Встановлено, що основними джерелами фінансування робіт інвестиційної програми є тарифи на транспортування та постачання газу, які затверджує Національна комісія, що здійснює державне регулювання у сферах енергетики та комунальних послуг (НКРЕКП). Подано структуру основних джерел фінансування інвестиційної програми газорозподільних підприємств. Доведено, що рівень фінансування робіт безпосередньо залежить від розміру тарифів НКРЕКП та обсягів споживання газу.

Наукова новизна статті визначається відсутністю у вітчизняному і зарубіжному напрямах дослідження виокремлення пріоритетних джерел фінансування інвестиційної програми на газорозподільних підприємствах.

Практична значущість полягає  в тому, що теоретичні положення, практичні результати і висновки статті, що розкривають сутність проблеми інвестиційних джерел фінансування, можуть бути використані у діяльності газорозподільних підприємств із врахуванням сучасного стану розвитку економіки.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ МЕТОДІВ УПРАВЛІНСЬКОГО АНАЛІЗУ ДЛЯ ДІАГНОСТИКИ ЯКОСТІ СКЛАДОВИХ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛІЗОВАНОЇ CИСТЕМИ УПРАВЛІННЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНІСТЮ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ НАФТОГАЗОВОЇ ГАЛУЗІ
Authors: Stankovska I. M.
Published: June 2017

Стаття досліджує реалізацію методів управлінського бізнесу, використовуючи діагностичні групи, складені інтелектуальною системою управління конкурентоспроможними підприємствами нафтогазової галузі. У докладному варіанті «людина» та «система управління системою», використовувались гігієнічні стандарти для ідентифікації характеристичних характеристик особи, що інтегруються в систему конкурентоспроможних систем. Для врахування специфічних нафтогазових технологій при формуванні характеристичних систем системи управління конкурентоспроможними компаніями запропоновано відповісти на міжнародні стандарти. Для діагностики системи управління конкурентоспроможним продуктом запропоновано перелік методів управління жорстким рівнем.
ІВЕНТИВНИЙ МАРКЕТИНГ – ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ У СУЧАСНОМУ ТУРИЗМІ
Authors: Vlasenko O. B.
Published: June 2017

У статті проаналізовано сучасні особливості розвитку та використання івентивного маркетингу. Висвітлено умови виникнення, сутність та особливості івент менеджменту, його принципи і методику застосування. Охарактеризовано особливості і значення сфери туризму та необхідність і переваги застосування методів івент маркетингу як перспективного методу непрямих маркетингових комунікацій. Наведено приклади практичного застосування івент маркетингу у діяльності підприємств. Визначено взаємозв’язок івент менеджменту та маркетингу та його підпорядкованість цілям івент маркетингу.
Mechanism of changing adaptation potential and morpho-biochemical parameters of erythrocytes in students with different modes of daily activity after physical loading
Authors: Popel’ S. L. , Mytckan B. M. , Lapkovskyi E. Y. , Lisovskyi B. P. , Yatciv Y. N. , Zemskaya N. O. , Tyagur R. S. , Mytckan T. S. , Tkachivska I. M. , Kovalchuk L. V. , Leschak O. N. , Fаyichak R. І. , Melnik I. V. , Markiv G. D.
Published: June 2017

The aim of this work was to identify morpho-functional and biochemical changes in erythrocytes in students with different daily educational -training regimens after dosed physical exertion. The study involved 50 male students aged 20–22 years who study at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports. Of these, 25 were untrained students (control group) and 25 were students studying for the highest sports qualification who were engaged in sports in which training was conducted to improve overall endurance (skiing, biathlon, long-distance running). At the end of the school year, all students were required to carry out a single session involving physical loading of maximum intensity on a veloergometer. According to the results of the questionnaire, it was found that the combination of intensive training and training processes caused a mismatch between the functional capabilities of the students’ and athletes’ biological systems and the increased volume and intensity of their psycho-physical loading, which is closely correlated with a decrease in their level of physical health. In the blood of untrained students, under the influence of dosed physical activity, reversibly altered forms of erythrocytes appeared, which accounted for 2.0% of the total number of erythrocytes. In the morphological study of student athletes, an increase in the content of reversibly and irreversibly altered erythrocytes was observed, the number of which exceeded 2.0% of the total number of erythrocytes. In individual student athletes echinocytes with small-focal microdefects of the outer membrane were observed in the peripheral blood, as well as acanthocytes and stomatocytes, which have low resistance to acid hemolysis. The mechanism of this phenomenon is a decrease in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase, which leads to a deficiency of reduced glutathione in erythrocytes. Such cells under the influence of oxidizing agents quickly undergo lysis, which is manifested by a violation of their structural integrity. This can lead to the development of “anemia of loading”, which is manifested by a decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin and the number of erythrocytes with their morphometric recalibration due to the appearance of macro-microcytic forms. The presence of such changes can adversely affect both the athletic performance and the state of health of students. This requires appropriate correction of the training process, as well as the development and timely application of adequate measures aimed at eliminating the development of the pathological process and eliminating possible undesirable consequences.
The compartments of the parenchyma of the lymph nodes in newborn bull calves of domestic cattle (Bos taurus)
Authors: Gavrilin P. N. , Gavrilina О. G. , Kravtsovа M. V.
Published: June 2017

The article analyzes the features of the structure of the lymphoid lobules of the parenchyma of the superficial somatic (Limphonodi subiliaci, L. cervicales superficiales), profund somatic (L. axillares proprii L. poplitei), somatovisceral (L. iliaci mediales, L. retropharyngei mediales) and visceral (L. mediastinales caudales, L. ileocolici) lymph nodes of newborn bull calves of domestic cattle. To visualize clearly the boundaries of the structural components of lymphoid lobules we used the author’s modification of the impregnation of total median frozen histological sections with silver nitrate. We have established a high level of tissue differentiation of the lymph nodes, a significant development of the lymphoid parenchyma, the division of the parenchyma into lymphoid lobules, the presence in the lobules of all the main structural components that are represented by two morphotypes. The first morphotype is ribbon-like perisinusoidal cords (interfollicular zone, paracortical and medullary cords). The second morphotype is rounded lymphoid formations (central zones of deep cortex units, lymphatic nodules). Lymphoid lobules are located along the marginal sinus in one row, they are better developed and differentiated in the visceral lymph nodes. In all the lymph nodes, the lymphoid lobules have a similar histoarchitectonic, and each structural component of the lymphoid lobules has a specific architectonic of the reticular meshwork and the density of the location of the fibroblastic reticulocytes. We determined that the structures of the first morphotype which provide the migration of lymphocytes, the detection of antigens and the accumulation of plasmocytes are more developed. We have established that the relative volume of structures of the first morphotype is 4.5–8.0 times larger than the volume of the structures of the second morphotype, which provide clonal proliferation of T and B lymphocytes, especially in deep somatic lymph nodes. Among the zones of the second morphotype, predominate T-dependent zones, the relative volume of which considerably exceeds the volume of B-dependent zones (lymphoid nodules): in the superficial somatic lymph nodes by 14–30 times, profound somatic by 12–14 times, somatovisceral by 6–7 times and visceral by 4.5–5.5 times. We determined that lymphatic nodules can form in different parts of compartments: in the interfollicular zone and paracortical cords of all lymph nodes and in the medullary cords of the visceral lymph nodes. The study shows that the parenchyma of the lymph nodes of newborn bull calves has a high degree of maturity, contains a full set of structural markers of immunocompetence, among which predominate the components that support lymphocyte migration, antigen detection and accumulation of plasma cells.
Immunohistochemical tests for diagnostics of infiltrative forms of breast cancer and identification of molecular subtype in women of different ages in Dnipro city
Authors: Shevchenko T. M. , Gazdyuk P. V. , Bondar A. M. , Govoruha O. Y.
Published: June 2017

The article presents the results of histological and immunohistochemical testing of women of different ages who are suffering from infiltrative forms of breast cancer in Dnipro. The study presents the distribution of receptors of estrogens and progesterone (ER, PR), HER-2/neu (necessary for prescribing treatment) and Кi-67 (reveals additional features of a tumour). Considering that luminal types of breast cancer include tumours whose receptors express to ER and PR, depending on the kind of expression HER2/neu, they are classified into A (do not express HER2/neu) and B (express HER2/neu). Tumours with hyperexpression of HER2/neu and lack of ER and PR are called HER2+. The research conducted has shown that duct cancer is by far the commonest form, at 81%. In duct cancer, undifferentiated stage and moderately-differentiated stage cancer prevails, whereas with nodule cancer the majority (80%) have moderately-differentiated stage cancer. We discovered a correlative link between the stage of differentiation and the percentage of metastasis both in duct and nodule breast cancer. But nodule breast cancer is more aggressive: with metastasis occurring in 31.2% of women even in cases of moderately-differentiated stage cancer. Only duct cancer is able to produce slime, which distinguishes it from other forms. Combined forms of cancer are rare, but they lead to metastases in all cases. Most women with infiltrative cancer in Dnipro are aged between 51 and 60. There has been observed the increase in cases of breast cancer among young women; the most widespread among infiltrated forms of breast cancer is subtype Luminal A, which has the best prognosis. As the research shows, women under 60 tend to have less aggressive subtypes, which are easy to treat, whereas in older patients their aggressiveness increases substantially, which means an unfavourable prognosis and lower effectiveness of treatment. Кі-67 marker increases substantially in the absence of ER and PR, which means a high level of tumour aggressiveness. Luminal A subtype in not aggressive in most cases, which means the most favourable prognosis. Luminal B is partly aggressive which leads to a high percentage of metastasis, but thanks to ER+ or PR+, it is successfully treated by hormone therapy, which can lead to a positive prognosis. Overall, HER2+ and triple negative are the most aggressive.
Immune responses to killed reassorted influenza virus supplemented with natural adjuvants
Authors: Razin Mona Abdel Fattah , Osman Ahmed , Ali Mohamed Ahmed , Bahgat Mahmoud Mohamed , Maghraby Amany Sayed
Published: June 2017

In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of a supplemented killed influenza virus (V) by Echinacea purpurea (E) and Nigella sativa (N) extracts and effect of changing the route of immunization from intramuscular (IM) to intraperitoneal (IP). At the 2nd-, 3rd- and 4th-week post-IM immunizations (WPIMI), the supplemented V with N (VN) induced the most significant IgM response unlike N alone. At the 2nd WPIMI, V or VN induced the highest significant IgG levels. At the 2nd-week post-IP immunization (WPIPI), E and VN induced the most significant IgG levels. Both at the 3rd and 4th WPIMI or WPIPI, various treatments induced significant increases in IgG. At the 4th WPIMI, E, V, and V with E (VE) induced significant increases in the CD4+ thymocytes while all IP treatments caused significant increase in their counts. V and VN induced the most significant IM induction of CD8+ thymocytes while their best IP stimulation was induced by N, VE, and VN. At the 4th WPIMI, various treatments caused significant increases in the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) CD4+, CD8+ counts. WPIPI with V or VE caused significant increases in both the CD4+- and CD8+ MLN cells, whereas VN significantly induced CD8+ MLN cells only. WPIPI with various treatments caused significant increases in the B-cell counts and the peak was obtained by VN.
Veseátültetések a szombathelyi nefrológiai centrumban, 1976–2016
Authors: Dobos András , Ruzsa Erzsébet , Molnár Erzsébet , Szakács Gyuláné , Kulcsár Imre
Published: June 2017

Abstract:

Introduction: The organized nephrological care in Szombathely commenced its activities in 1976. Aim: Follow-up of our patients who has undergone a kidney transplantation. Method: We used the local and national databases. Results: 213 patients (7 preemptive, 206 dialyzed) had 240 renal transplantations. Only 11 of them were living organ donation. Between 69 transplantations (Tx) were carried out between 1976–1995, and 163 Tx were done in the second 20 years. 122 patients (57%) are still alive (the average survival of these patients in renal replacement therapy - RRT - are 11.4 years), and 7 of them had transplantation between 1976–1995. The longest survival time was 35.1 years. Prevalence of patients on RRT at the end of 2016 was 1367 pmp in our county (32.5% living with functioning graft). Conclusions: Number of transplanted patients has grown in the last decade. Proportion of living organ donation was minimal. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(25): 984–991.
A gastrointestinalis daganatok és szív-ér rendszeri betegségek standardizált halálozási arányszámai Magyarország négy borvidékén és egy nem borvidéken 2000–2010 között
Authors: Nagy János , Sipka Sándor , Kocsis Judit , Horváth Zsolt
Published: June 2017

Abstract:

Introduction: Eating habits act on mortalities from gastrointestinal tumors and cardiovascular diseases. Aim: To investigate the role of wine drinking on these mortalities in Hungary. Method: The standardized mortality data of people from 206,159 subjects died of gastrointestinal tumors and cardiovascular diseases between 2000–2010 were compared in four wine regions: Tokaj (white), Eger (red), Balaton (white), Szekszárd/Villány (red) and in Hódmezővásárhely (not-wine region). Results: The significantly smallest number of tumors (664) occurred in Tokaj, but the cardiovascular mortality here was the highest (5955). On the other hand, the fewest cardiovascular mortality occurred in Szekszárd/Villány (3907), but showing here (831) and in Eger (934) the highest values of tumor death. Conclusions: The protective effect of red wine on cardiovascular mortality was verified. Surprisingly, the low value of gastrointestinal mortality in “Tokaj” – besides the higher level of selenium in tap water – shows some hidden features of these white wines. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(25): 992–998.
Clips vs Resilient Liners Used With Bilateral Posterior Prefabricated Bars for Retaining Four Implant-Supported Mandibular Overdentures
Authors: Gibreel Mona , Fouad Mohammed , El-Waseef Fatma , El-Amier Nesma , Marzook Hamdy
Published: June 2017

The objective of this research was to clinically compare peri-implant tissue health of bar-clips vs silicone-resilient liners used with bilateral posterior bars for retaining 4 implant-supported mandibular overdentures. Thirty completely edentulous male patients (mean age, 65 years) were randomly assigned into 2 equal groups. Each patient received 4 implants in the canine and first molar regions of the mandible using a flapless surgical technique. Mandibular overdentures were immediately connected to the implants with bilateral prefabricated instant adjusting bars. According to the method of retention to the bar, 1 group was retained with clips (GI), whereas the other group was retained with a silicone-resilient soft liner (GII). Peri-implant tissue health was evaluated clinically in terms of plaque scores (MPI), bleeding scores (MBI), probing depth (PD), and implant stability (IS). MPI, MBI, and PD were measured at mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual surfaces of each implant. Evaluations were performed 2 weeks (T0), 6 months (T6), and 12 months (T12) after overdenture insertion. Implants of GI with clips demonstrated significant increase in plaque, bleeding, and PD scores compared with those of GII with silicone-resilient liner at all observation times. Implants in GI demonstrated a significant decrease in implant stability compared with those of GII at T6 and T12 anteriorly and at T12 posteriorly. Resilient liners are considered better than bar-clips when used with bilateral posterior bars for retaining implant-supported mandibular overdentures in terms of peri-implant soft tissue health. Bilateral posterior ready-made bars cannot be proposed as a promising design for supporting implant-assisted mandibular overdentures.
Continuous Periosteal Strapping Sutures for Stabilization of Osseous Grafts With Resorbable Membranes for Buccal Ridge Augmentation: A Technique Report
Authors: Shalev Tamir H , Kurtzman Gregori M , Shalev Alon H , Johnson Deborah K , Kersten Mark Elias M
Published: June 2017

Alveolar bone loss occurs after extraction with loss of a premolar or anterior tooth; the residual supporting alveolar bone loss averages 1.53 mm of crestal bone height and 3.87 mm of buccolingual width, with most of the bone loss occurring at the facial plate. Socket preservation does not completely preserve the original ridge contours but can be an effective means of reducing bone loss following extraction. Attempts to rebuild the alveolar ridge structure after tooth loss often employ the concept of guided bone regeneration, a technique-sensitive procedure that routinely involves placement of particulate bone with or without fixation screws and either a resorbable or a nonresorbable membrane. We present a novel technique for stabilizing a resorbable membrane and underlying particulate graft allowing for predictable bone grafting across multiple edentulous sites.
Characteristics of clay deposits in Saga Plain, Japan
Authors: Chai Jin-Chun , Hino Takenori , Shen Shui-long
Published: June 2017

The characteristics of clay soil in the Saga Plain in Japan, as well as the effect of the depositional environment on its engineering properties, have been investigated. While the clay was being deposited there were several large-scale volcanic eruptions in the region. A considerable amount of volcanic ash settled into the clay, which had a marked effect on its engineering properties. The soil is strongly structured and the sedimentation compression curves are well above the sedimentation compression line proposed by Burland, which indicates some degree of cementation. The compression index is high – even for soil samples with in situ vertical effective stresses of 200–300 kPa, the index can be as high as 2·3. The rate of permeability reduction with void ratio is higher than most reported data in the literature. The reason considered is that the compression process involves not only gradual compression of the pores but also breaks down relatively large pores into smaller pores, which can cause rapid reduction of permeability. The stiffness is lower, with results of unconfined compression tests showing that the ratio of undrained shear strength to secant modulus is about 150.
Causos Caipiras e Museu de História Natural: ferramentas para a construção do conceito de conservação
Authors: Prado Nathália Larissa do , Gonçalves Laise Vieira , Nascimento Junior Antonio Fernandes
Published: June 2017

O presente trabalho apresenta uma metodologia desenvolvida na disciplina de Metodologia do Ensino em Biologia, ofertada pelo curso de licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Lavras - MG que teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma aula que consistiu na construção do conceito conservação da biodiversidade. Em um primeiro momento foi realizada uma visita guiada ao setor de exposição do Museu de História Natural da UFLA, seguido da exibição de uma foto de uma pele de onça-pintada exposta no museu. Num segundo momento foi utilizado um causo caipira ‘Na Fazenda’ criado por uma das integrantes do grupo a partir de pesquisas e de outros causos lidos. Essas ferramentas foram utilizadas como problematizadoras a fim de construir o conceito de conservação da biodiversidade. As discussões feitas durante a aula se mostraram potentes na construção deste conceito possibilitando reflexões transdisciplinares essenciais para uma formação mais completa. A atividade foi filmada e analisada.  Ao final, pode-se sugerir que tal atividade cumpriu seu objetivo se mostrando uma ferramenta metodológica interessante e motivadora para a construção do conceito de conservação. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Educação Ambiental. Museu. Cultura Caipira.
Alterações no Uso e Cobertura da Terra no município de Inocência/MS, nos anos de 2000, 2008 e 2014
Authors: Miguel Angélica Estigarribia São , Medeiros Rafael Brugnolli , Gomes Weslen Manari
Published: June 2017

Uma das intervenções antrópicas que ocorre no Brasil, principalmente no Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, é a expansão do cultivo de monoculturas, mais precisamente de eucalipto, gerando assim, diversas preocupações que influência nos ambientes naturais. Diante desta premissa, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar as alterações no uso e cobertura da terra em decorrência da expansão do cultivo de eucalipto no município de Inocência/MS, situado na região leste do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, nos anos de 2000, 2008 e 2014. Para a análise, utilizou-se das imagens do satélite LandSat 5, sensor TM e do satélite LandSat 8, sensor OLI, para compreender a evolução do processo de uso e cobertura da terra, com auxílio dos programas Spring® e ArcGis®. Os resultados indicaram que a área de pastagem é predominante em todos os anos, o que colabora com a diminuição de áreas florestais. O cultivo de eucalipto está crescendo na região, devido ao aumento das terras de florestas plantadas responsáveis pelas empresas Fibria-MS Celulose Ltda; e Investimentos Florestais S/A – Eldorado Brasil, substituindo as áreas de pastagens e até mesmo áreas de lavouras. Pode-se concluir que as informações obtidas pelos mapeamentos do uso e cobertura da terra evidenciaram a expansão do cultivo de eucalipto e foram classificadas as formas de uso de acordo com a ação antrópica. Portanto possibilitou a caracterização da área, que vem passando por rápidas transformações em seu uso e cobertura da terra, efetivando a necessidade de mais pesquisas voltadas para esta análise. PALAVRAS CHAVE: Cultivo de eucalipto. Sensoriamento Remoto. Uso e Cobertura da Terra.