bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expectations of the Size Evolution of Massive Galaxies at 3 ≤ z ≤ 6 from the TNG50 Simulation: The CEERS/JWST View
Authors: Costantin Luca , Pérez-González Pablo G. , Vega-Ferrero Jesús , Huertas-Company Marc , Bisigello Laura , Buitrago Fernando , Bagley Micaela B. , Cleri Nikko J. , Cooper Michael C. , Finkelstein Steven L. , Holwerda Benne W. , Kartaltepe Jeyhan S. , Koekemoer Anton M. , Nelson Dylan , Papovich Casey , Pillepich Annalisa , Pirzkal Nor , Tacchella Sandro , Yung L. Y. Aaron
Published: March 2023

We present a catalog of about 25,000 images of massive (M
⋆ ≥ 109
M
⊙) galaxies at redshifts 3 ≤ z ≤ 6 from the TNG50 cosmological simulation, tailored for observations at multiple wavelengths carried out with JWST. The synthetic images were created with the SKIRT radiative transfer code, including the effects of dust attenuation and scattering. The noiseless images were processed with the mirage simulator to mimic the Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) observational strategy (e.g., noise, dithering pattern, etc.) of the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science (CEERS) survey. In this paper, we analyse the predictions of the TNG50 simulation for the size evolution of galaxies at 3 ≤ z ≤ 6 and the expectations for CEERS to probe that evolution. In particular, we investigate how sizes depend on the wavelength, redshift, mass, and angular resolution of the images. We find that the effective radius accurately describes the three-dimensional half-mass–radius of the TNG50 galaxies. Sizes observed at 2 μm are consistent with those measured at 3.56 μm at all redshifts and masses. At all masses, the population of higher-z galaxies is more compact than their lower-z counterparts. However, the intrinsic sizes are smaller than the mock observed sizes for the most massive galaxies, especially at z ≲ 4. This discrepancy between the mass and light distributions may point to a transition in the galaxy morphology at z = 4–5, where massive compact systems start to develop more extended stellar structures.
22

22

Data publicly released at https://www.tng-project.org/costantin22.
Stellar Initial Mass Function (IMF) Probed with Supernova Rates and Neutrino Background: Cosmic-average IMF Slope Is ≃2–3 Similar to the Salpeter IMF
Authors: Aoyama Shohei , Ouchi Masami , Harikane Yuichi
Published: March 2023

The stellar initial mass function (IMF) is expressed by ϕ(m) ∝ m
−

α
with the slope α, and known as a poorly constrained but very important function in studies of star and galaxy formation. There are no sensible observational constraints on the IMF slopes beyond the Milky Way and nearby galaxies. Here we combine two sets of observational results, (1) cosmic densities of core-collapse supernova (CCSN) explosion rates and (2) cosmic far-UV radiation (and infrared reradiation) densities, which are sensitive to massive (≃8–50 M
⊙) and moderately massive (≃2.5–7 M
⊙) stars, respectively, and constrain the IMF slope at m > 1 M
⊙ with a freedom of redshift evolution. Although no redshift evolution is identified beyond the uncertainties, we find that the cosmic-average IMF slope at z = 0 is α = 1.8–3.2 at the 95% confidence level that is comparable with the Salpeter IMF, α = 2.35, which marks the first constraint on the cosmic-average IMF. We show a forecast for the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope supernova survey that will provide significantly strong constraints on the IMF slope with δ
α ≃ 0.5 over z = 0–2. Moreover, as for an independent IMF probe instead of (1), we suggest to use diffuse supernovae neutrino background (DSNB), relic neutrinos from CCSNe. We expect that the Hyper-Kamiokande neutrino observations over 20 yr will improve the constraints on the IMF slope and the redshift evolution significantly better than those obtained today, if the systematic uncertainties of DSNB production physics are reduced in the future numerical simulations.
Two-step Acceleration of Energetic Electrons at Magnetic Flux Ropes during Turbulent Reconnection
Authors: Wang Z. , Vaivads A. , Fu H. S. , Cao J. B. , Lindberg M. , Turner D. L. , Ergun R. E. , Liu Y. Y.
Published: March 2023

Energetic electrons have been frequently observed during magnetic reconnection in the magnetotail. The acceleration process of the energetic electrons is not fully understood. In this paper, we select for a detailed study a case of energetic electron acceleration from the earlier reported interval of turbulent magnetic reconnection in Earth’s magnetotail observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. We use the first-order Taylor expansion method to reconstruct the magnetic topology of electron acceleration sites from the data. We find that the energetic electron fluxes increase inside the flux rope forming in front of the magnetic pileup region. We show that the energetic electrons are produced by a two-step process where two different acceleration mechanisms are successively operating outside and inside the flux rope. First, the thermal electrons are energized in the field-aligned direction inside the magnetic pileup region owing to the Fermi mechanism forming a cigar-like distribution. Second, those energized electrons are further accelerated predominately antiparallel to the magnetic field direction by a parallel electric field inside the flux rope. Our findings provide information for a better understanding of the generation of energetic electrons during turbulent reconnection process.
Predictors of 3-month mortality with muscle ultrasound and palliative prognostic tools among patients admitted to palliative care units
Authors: Kaya Zeynep Irmak , Öztürk Yelda , Gürcü Sinem , Uncu Gülgün , Uçan Anıl , Eşme Mert , Kaya Berrin Yalınbaş , Balci Cafer
Published: March 2023

Background/Aims: Prognostic factors are an important issue in progressive and life-limiting diseases. This study evaluate 3-month mortality in patients admitted to the palliative care unit (PCU).Methods: In this study, the patient’s demographics, comorbidities, nutritional status, and laboratory values were recorded. The palliative performance scale (PPS), the palliative prognostic index (PPI), and the palliative prognostic (PaP) score were calculated. The rectus femoris (RF) cross-sectional area (CSA), RF muscle thickness, gastrocnemius (GC) medialis muscle thickness, pennation angle and fascicle length of the GC were measured by ultrasound for survival prediction.Results: A total of 88 patients enrolled during the study period, with a mean age of 73.6 ± 13.3 years and a 3-month mortality rate of 59.1%. The findings of a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model based on age, gender, C-reactive protein level and Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 scores as covariates revealed the PPI and the PaP score to be significant predictors of 3-month mortality. In addition, in the unadjusted Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, the CSA of the RF muscle was also found to be a significant predictor of 3-month mortality.Conclusions: Findings revealed that the combined use of the CSA of the RF, the PPI, and the PaP score are reliable predictors of mortality in patients admitted to the PCU.
SGAME, créer et transmettre à sa fille une entreprise à la stratégie originale
Authors: Lecante Guillaumette
Published: March 2023

En 1986, Jean-Claude Gas décide de créer son entreprise de sous-traitance électronique. En 2015, viscéralement attaché à son entreprise, il se demande qui pourrait bien lui succéder… Des salariés lui suggèrent alors de confier l’entreprise à sa fille, qui dirige déjà une petite société du Groupe. En 2018, c’est chose faite. Guillaumette Lecante revient sur les étapes de cette transmission, dont certaines embûches n’avaient pas été anticipées, et sur la nouvelle stratégie qu’elle est en train de définir pour l’entreprise.
Chapitre 7. Les enjeux de l’aide médicale à mourir en contexte de sclérose latérale amyotrophique : une revue de la littérature
Authors: Favron-Godbout Caroline , Racine Eric
Published: March 2023

La sclérose latérale amyotrophique (SLA) est une maladie neurodégénérative incurable qui mène certaines personnes atteintes à envisager l’aide médicale à mourir (AMM). Dans cet article, nous décrivons comment une diversité de problèmes moraux peut émerger de ce contexte particulier et nuire au bien-être des personnes atteintes de SLA, à celui de leurs proches et à celui de leurs soignants. L’AMM étant encadrée par des critères d’admissibilité précis, son élargissement est souvent proposé pour remédier à ces problèmes. Cette revue critique de la littérature vise à identifier des problèmes moraux relatifs à la SLA qui pourraient persister ou surgir advenant un tel élargissement. Les bases de données MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL et Web of Science ont été consultées au moyen de 4 combinaisons de recherches afin de capter les idées de la littérature existante sur l’éthique, l’AMM et la SLA (N = 41). Une analyse thématique de contenu a mis en lumière 3 catégories contextuelles où émergent des problèmes moraux (l’expérience de la maladie, le choix de la manière de mourir, et la mise en œuvre de l’AMM). Deux observations importantes peuvent être mises de l’avant : 1) des différences de perspectives ressortent entre les parties prenantes, ce qui peut occasionner des désaccords, mais certaines similarités de perspectives existent également ; 2) l’élargissement de l’admissibilité à l’AMM concerne principalement les problèmes moraux liés au choix de la manière de mourir, et constitue ainsi une solution partielle aux problèmes identifiés.
Comment accompagner la réhabilitation énergétique du patrimoine des propriétaires bailleurs
Authors: Schutzing Pascale
Published: March 2023

Les plus anciens d’entre nous se souviennent probablement de la campagne de l’Ademe intitulée « Économies d’énergie, faisons vite, ça chauffe ! », en 2004. En 2006, Al Gore, ancien candidat à la présidence des États-Unis, alerte le monde entier sur le dérèglement climatique grâce à son documentaire « Une vérité qui dérange ». Nous sommes en 2021. Le dérèglement climatique a montré ses effets. Ce n’est plus une hypothèse, et les épisodes météorologiques extrêmes se multiplient. En 2020, la température moyenne sur notre planète était supérieure de 1,2 °C à sa valeur de l’ère préindustrielle (Turban, P., 2021). Parmi les grands pollueurs, le secteur du bâtiment est concerné. La succession de réglementations thermiques dans le neuf aboutira dès 2022 à la RE 2020, plus exigeante encore que le label Passiv Haus allemand. Les nouvelles constructions seront bientôt des modèles de sobriété énergétique. Durant cette année, un de nos professeurs, M. Ramelli, a cependant souligné un fait qui m’a interpelée : si nous devions être vraiment écologiques, nous rénoverions au lieu de construire du neuf… C’est avéré : rénover une maison consomme 40 fois moins de ressources que la construire. Le rapport passe même à 80 dans le cas d’un bâtiment d’habitat collectif (Ademe, 2020). La voilà, la panacée ! La loi Climat et Résilience ambitionne d’ailleurs d’éradiquer du parc locatif les logements les plus énergivores, en interdisant leur location, à moins d’une rénovation énergétique. Outre l’avantage écologique, la rénovation énergétique est une promesse de confort pour les habitants, de factures minimisées. Que du positif pour l’occupant ! Mais qu’en est-il des propriétaires-bailleurs ? Comment la société Immo peut-elle se positionner en tant qu’administrateur de biens ? Après avoir posé le contexte de la société Immo et présenté le travail de réflexion amenant à la problématique de ce travail, nous définirons quelques concepts clés essentiels à sa compréhension. Viendra, dans une seconde partie, le travail pratique de recherche, puisé dans les études et les écrits, dans un questionnaire réalisé auprès des clients d’Immo, et au travers d’interviews menées auprès d’acteurs de la rénovation énergétique. Nous aboutirons enfin à des préconisations qui permettront à la société Immo d’apporter son concours au grand défi de la rénovation énergétique.
Quand le client est un expert : place et rôle de l’agent immobilier
Authors: Distler Frédéric
Published: March 2023

Face au client expert, quel rôle doit tenir l’agent immobilier, celui de conseiller, d’accompagnant, de technicien, de commercial ? En effet, le client dit « expert » connaît le marché sur lequel se situe le bien convoité. Il possède des informations techniques, juridiques, financières sur le bien car il s’est fabriqué ces savoirs, d’une part, par le biais de ses recherches sur les canaux d’information offerts par les multiples outils digitaux et réseaux sociaux, et d’autre part, par les contacts avec des professionnels et particuliers. En effet, les multiples sites en ligne d’offres et d’évaluation de biens permettent de comparer les produits et de procéder à leur estimation. Ainsi, le particulier qui s’adonne à des recherches d’informations sur un bien immobilier dans l’objectif de l’acquérir engage son patrimoine et s’engage potentiellement sur des années auprès de sa banque. Aussi, l’achat d’un bien immobilier n’est pas anodin dans la vie d’une personne. Le client va devenir alors expert sur le prix du produit, le marché, les modalités de la construction du bien, la demande de prêt, les taux en vigueur, la commercialisation du bien, les biens à la concurrence… Cette expertise s’articule autour de la connaissance technique du secteur et de biens immobiliers, et elle est reconnue par le professionnel comme telle. De ce fait, c’est la place du client et du professionnel dans l’espace d’achat, de vente de location d’un bien qui est interrogée.
David Card, Nobel Prize 2021: the Design-Based Revolution
Authors: Goux Dominique , Maurin Éric
Published: March 2023

Au tournant des années 1990, David Card est l’un des principaux initiateurs d’une évolution majeure de la recherche en sciences économiques. Dès lors, la qualité d’une recherche empirique ne se juge plus seulement à ses liens avec un modèle théorique formel, mais avant tout à la pertinence des hypothèses sous lesquelles sont identifiées les relations de cause à effet entre grandeurs économiques. S’appuyant sur une palette de méthodes quasi-expérimentales, David Card contribue de manière décisive à nombre de débats majeurs, dont ceux sur le salaire minimum, l’immigration, la ségrégation raciale ou l’éducation. La recherche empirique en économie gagne en autonomie, en prestige et en audience, notamment auprès des autres sciences sociales. A partir d’une analyse inédite des publications de certaines revues emblématiques, nous retraçons la façon dont les approches quasi expérimentales promues par David Card ont fini par se diffuser en Europe et en France. Classification JEL. B31, A14, B41
Optimal Policy for Organic Farming Conversion
Authors: At Christian , Gilbert Daniel , Thomas Lionel
Published: March 2023

L’objet de cet article est de concevoir une politique optimale d’aide à la conversion pour l’agriculture biologique dans un environnement de sélection adverse. Nous supposons que chaque agriculteur se caractérise par une motivation intrinsèque quant à l’agriculture biologique, qui est une information privée. Nous trouvons que la subvention optimale ne dépend pas du revenu des agriculteurs. Lorsque l’écart entre les profits de l’agriculture biologique et conventionnelle se réduit, la subvention optimale décroît. Alors que promouvoir l’agriculture biologique auprès de la société a une influence positive sur la proportion de terres agricoles converties, nous montrons que la promouvoir auprès des agriculteurs et des consommateurs peut avoir une influence négative.
Super-Inertial Interest Rate Rules are not Solutions of Ramsey Optimal Policy
Authors: Chatelain Jean-Bernard , Ralf Kirsten
Published: March 2023

Cet article démontre que l’équilibre déterminé par l’engagement d’une Banque Centrale à suivre un règle de taux d’intérêt directeur non stationnaire « super-inertielle » (où la somme des paramètres des taux d’intérêt passés dépasse un et ne dépend pas de la persistence des chocs) ne correspond pas à une solution de l’équilibre stable d’une politique monétaire optimale de Ramsey. Elle déstabilise toujours l’inflation du fait des erreurs d’arrondis et des erreurs de mesure des paramètres du mécanisme de transmission de la politique monétaire. En revanche, l’engagement d’une Banque Centrale à suivre une règle de taux d’intérêt directeur stationnaire où la somme des paramètres des taux d’intérêt passé est strictement plus petite que un et dépend de la persistence des chocs correspond à une solution de l’équilibre stable d’une politique monétaire optimale de Ramsey.
Taking a Breath: A Systematic Approach to the Development of an Altered Airway eLearning Module by Unit Council Nurses
Authors: Silver Sarabeth , Naik Shruti , Ruberto Christina , Sathananthan Nishopana , Kraleva-Rachkova Iliana , Tran Huy , Embree Jennifer L.
Published: March 2023

After a needs assessment for care of patients with altered airways was performed, gaps in educational materials were identified and hospital learning management system educational resources were created/updated. Frontline nurses and clinical and administrative leaders developed four modules to enhance the care of patients with altered airways. This article describes how professional development specialists could teach nurses how to develop clinical educational modules for specialized populations.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2023;54(4):153–156.]
“Now I Understand You”: Changes in the Communication of Professionals in Nursing Homes After Receiving Training in the Validation Method
Authors: Sánchez-Martínez Iván , Celdrán Montserrat , Jerez-Roig Javier
Published: March 2023

Two corrections were made to the current article. Specifically, “advance care planning (ACP)” was changed to “Person Centered Care (PCC)” and “ACP” was changed to “PCC.” These changes do not affect the results of the study.

Caring for older persons is a challenge for professionals who work in nursing homes. Problems in maintaining effective communication with a person with dementia in an effort to understand their needs is a major barrier to good care. Therefore, the main goals of this study were to explore communication barriers between professionals and people with dementia and to observe changes in communication patterns between them after completing Naomi Feil's introductory training in the bases of the validation method (BVM). The 11 professionals who worked in nursing homes attended a 16-hour introductory course on BVM. Participants were interviewed individually three times. The goal was to observe qualitatively the changes in relationships and communication patterns with people with dementia. The results were analyzed thematically. The professionals highlighted how, after the training, they had a different understanding of the person with dementia and a more humane perspective. These changes also reflected how the professionals experienced improvements in job satisfaction, security, and confidence. This study concluded that training nursing home staff in BVM for person-centered and human care has positive implications on how the professionals view their daily work and their way of interacting with older residents.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2023;54(4):157–168.]
Recommendations After an Objective Structured Clinical Examination Program Evaluation
Authors: Allan Danforth Debra A. , Merrill Emily , Allen Patricia , Armstrong Myrna L. , Merritt Jeanne
Published: March 2023

Background:

The use of objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) is a well-established method of clinical assessment in the medical profession, and these are currently being integrated into advanced practice nursing curricula.

Method:

A program assessment was conducted at a current family nurse practitioner track within a southwestern U.S. university using the OSCE evaluative strategy. The logic model from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention framework was incorporated. Both focus group and the de-identified faculty-scored student rubrics during the fall, spring, and summer semesters of one cohort of students (
N
= 73) were examined.

Results:

Strengths and challenges were found in the areas of student preparation, scoring/grading with variations of inter-rater reliability, and debriefing.

Conclusion:

Establishing a specific OSCE center with a dedicated director could support adequate attainment of formative and summative competencies for nurse practitioners and provide faculty education and standardized student preparation, while adhering to the multiple guidelines and standards related to nurse practitioner competency evaluation with simulation.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2023;54(4):169–175.]
The impact of ambient air pollution on an influenza model with partial immunity and vaccination
Authors: Wang Xiaomeng , Wang Xue , Guan Xinzhu , Xu Yun , Xu Kangwei , Gao Qiang , Cai Rong , Cai Yongli
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we investigate the effects of ambient air pollution (AAP) on the spread of influenza in an AAP-dependent dynamic influenza model. The value of this study lies in two aspects. Mathematically, we establish the threshold dynamics in the term of the basic reproduction number $ \mathcal{R}_0 $: If $ \mathcal{R}_0 < 1 $, the disease will go to extinction, while if $ \mathcal{R}_0 > 1 $, the disease will persist. Epidemiologically, based on the statistical data in Huaian, China, we find that, in order to control the prevalence of influenza, we must increase the vaccination rate, the recovery rate and the depletion rate, and decrease the rate of the vaccine wearing off, the uptake coefficient, the effect coefficient of AAP on transmission rate and the baseline rate. To put it simply, we must change our traveling plan and stay at home to reduce the contact rate or increase the close-contact distance and wear protective masks to reduce the influence of the AAP on the influenza transmission.
Two Concepts of Double Prevention
Authors: Skow Bradford
Published: March 2023

Is double prevention causation? Some say yes and some say no, but the answer is yes and no. Interrupting double prevention, where A prevents B from continuing to prevent something, is causation, while blocking double prevention, where A intervenes before B has begun preventing anything, is not. I present two arguments for this thesis. First, it sorts canonical examples of double prevention correctly. Second, well-known theoretical arguments that double prevention is not causation only show that blocking double prevention is not causation.
Lack of Herpes Virus Entry Mediator Signals in Thymocytes Impairs Conventional CD8 T Cell Selection and Promotes Memory-like CD8 T Cell Development
Authors: Kugii Yuki , Kuroki Yui , Hara Yasushi , Goitsuka Ryo , Nakano Naoko
Published: March 2023

Thymocytes having diverse Ag specificities are selected in response to self-MHC–peptide expressed in thymic epithelial cells, which contributes to the formation of a T cell repertoire. However, it is not well understood whether additional signals from epithelial cells are required to drive positive selection. In this study, we found that one of the TNFR superfamily members, herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM), when expressed on thymocytes provides signals for positive selection. HVEM deficiency in double-positive (DP) thymocytes impaired positive selection of CD8 thymocytes. HVEM-deficient thymocytes in OT-1 TCR transgenic mice exhibited significant defects in positive selection and impaired CD69 upregulation of selected thymocytes. HVEM ligands (lymphotoxin-like, exhibits inducible expression, and competes with HSV glycoprotein D for HVEM, a receptor expressed by T lymphocytes, and B and T lymphocyte attenuator) were expressed in cortical thymic epithelial cells. Weak TCR ligation combined with HVEM signals enhanced ERK activation in DP thymocytes developed in vitro. Insufficient signals for positive selection in HVEM-deficient DP thymocytes led to the development of innate memory-like CD8 T cells expressing high levels of CD122, along with the increased development of PLZF+ NKT cells. These results suggest that thymocytes receive activation signals through HVEM during positive selection. Thus, our findings provide evidence that the threshold of thymocyte positive selection is set by signals from TCR in association with HVEM.
Thrombus in transit across a patent foramen ovale in a patient with cerebrovascular accidents, pulmonary embolism, and deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Galtes Israel , Suraci Nicholas , Presti Saberio Lo , Santana Orlando
Published: March 2023

The diagnosis of paradoxical emboli remains elusive in many cases. The causal association between the thrombotic source, the intracardiac shunt, and the final emboli location is seldom demonstrated. We present the case of a 42-year-old woman admitted to the hospital with a third stroke. The presence of a thrombus in transit through a patent foramen ovale (PFO), a deep vein thrombosis (DVT), bilateral pulmonary emboli, and an acute cerebral infarct were concurrently documented.
Management of intrapulmonary hemorrhage in patients undergoing pulmonary thrombo-endarterectomy
Authors: Kanchi Muralidhar , Nair Hema C , Natarajan Pooja , Punnen Julius , Shetty Varun , Patangi Sanjay Orathi , Shetty Deviprasad , Belani Kumar
Published: March 2023

Massive pulmonary hemorrhage during pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) can be managed by a conservative approach with mechanical ventilatory support, positive end-expiratory pressure, lung isolation, reversal of heparin, and correct of coagulopathy. We present three challenging cases that developed intrapulmonary hemorrhage during/after PTE and managed successfully. The first patient had bleeding from the bronchial artery and right internal mammary collaterals, which was managed by coil-embolization. The second patient had a breach in the blood airway barrier in the right upper lobar segment of the lung, and the repair was done using a surgical absorbable hemostat. The third patient developed reperfusion injury, he was instituted on veno-venous extracorporeal membranous oxygenation, a week later, the patient recovered completely. An algorithm was adopted and modified to our requirements; all the 3 challenging intrapulmonary hemorrhage cases were successfully managed. This algorithm can be used for satisfactory outcomes in patients who suffer intrapulmonary hemorrhage during PTE.
Retrograde Autologous Priming Method Reduces Plasma Free Hemoglobin Level in Aortic Surgery
Authors: Balci Eda , Aykut Aslihan , Demir Asli , Vardar Kübra , Karduz Gülsüm , Aksu Uğur
Published: March 2023

Background:

Although conventional cardiopulmonary bypass (cCPB) is still the most widely used method in open heart surgery, methods such as retrograde autologous priming (RAP) are increasingly popular in terms of limiting hemodilution. Our hypothesis is that the use of the RAP method in aortic surgery may result in a limitation of hemodilution and a decrease in fHb levels. For this purpose, plasma free hemoglobin (fHb) levels were investigated in adult open aortic arch repair with axillary artery cannulation patients using cCPB and rRAP methods.

Materials and Methods:

In this study, a total of 36 patients undergoing aortic surgery using rRAP and standard cCPB were investigated. Measurements were performed at five time points: After induction of anesthesia, 5th minute of CPB, 10th minute of antegrade cerebral perfusion, 30th minute after declamping of aorta, and at sternum closure. Besides hemodynamic variables, arterial blood gas analysis and postoperative variables, patients were assessed for fHb levels.

Results:

The rRAP group had a significantly lower increase in fHb levels in T3, T4, and T5 time points, when compared to the cCPB group (p = 0.002, 0.047, 0.009, respectively). There was no significant difference between the rRAP and cCPB groups in other intraoperative, and postoperative variables. Also, it was observed that rRAP did not make a difference in terms of blood and blood product transfusion.

Conclusion:

In this study, in patients undergoing aortic surgery, a reduction in the increase of fHb was observed with the rRAP method which is a simple procedure that does not require high cost or advanced technology.
Dynamic anterior mediastinal mass compression of the superior vena cava during airway stent deployment
Authors: Navas-Blanco Jose R
Published: March 2023

Mediastinal masses carry the intrinsic potential for life-threatening perioperative complications that directly impact anesthetic management, since well-recognized cardiopulmonary failure either chronic or acute may occur. A 48-year-old patient with known airway collapse due to an anterior mediastinal mass presents for airway stent insertion, that upon manipulation of the airway, a sudden and reproducible cardiovascular collapse ensued, due to dynamic compression of the superior vena cava, witnessed via endobronchial ultrasound. Close communication with the procedural team before and during manipulation of the patient’s airway plays a paramount role to assure positive clinical outcomes.
Intracardiac Extension of Intravenous Leiomyomatosis in a Patient with Vascular Pelvic Tumor and Prior Hysterectomy
Authors: Nithiyanandhan Palanisamy , Suneel Puthuvasserry R. , Azeez Aspari M. , Pillai Vivek V. , Pitchai Shivanesan
Published: March 2023

Uterine leiomyoma (UL) is the most common benign smooth muscle tumour of the premenopausal women. Rarely it shows malignant behaviour by metastasizing through the pelvic veins into systemic veins, inferior vena cava (IVC), there it is termed as intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL). IVL may restrict itself within the IVC or it may extend into right heart chambers reaching up to pulmonary arteries. Here we report a case of single staged excision of intracardiac(IC) extension of IVL of a 45 -year -old premenopausal women, who have undergone abdominal hysterectomy five years ago, with the complaints of shortness of breath aggravated on bending forward for the past two years.
Analyzing the Impact of Preoperative Interrogation of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices
Authors: Navas-Blanco Jose R , Williams Derrick V , Modak Raj K
Published: March 2023

Background:

Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) are becoming more common for the management of underlying of cardiac dysrhythmias, and more patients with these devices are presenting for cardiac and noncardiac procedures.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective, cohort, single-center study at a tertiary teaching medical center, gathering 151 patients with CIED undergoing elective and emergent surgeries for the time period between November 2013 and December 2016. We aimed to determine whether patients with CIED had the device interrogated before surgery as recommended by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS)/American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) consensus, whether this lack of compliance led to delay in the holding area before surgery and determine the presence of intra- or postoperative cardiac events in these patients.

Results:

A total of 76% of patients had interrogation of the device before surgery. Emergent cases were not interrogated as much as elective cases preoperatively (43% vs. 18%, respectively; P < 0.05). In total, 6% of cases had a CIED-related average holding area delay time of 54 minutes. Patients without preoperative device interrogation had more perioperative cardiac events than those who had the device checked (25% vs. 8%, respectively; odds ratio [OR] 0.26; 95% CI, 0.09–0.7, P < 0.013).

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest that preoperative interrogation of the device plays a significant role to minimize the incidence of perioperative cardiac adverse events. Institutional providers show a lack of compliance with HRS/ASA recommendations for preoperative CIED management. Further research is required to determine if improved compliance to recommendations will lead to enhanced outcomes.
Giant Aortic Root Pseudoaneurysm Surrounding the Left Main Coronary Artery
Authors: Segers Zjuul , Houthuizen Patrick , van Straten Albert HM , Peels Kathinka C , Bouwman R Arthur
Published: March 2023

A 69-year-old patient underwent an urgent aortic valve replacement because of Streptococcus agalactiae endocarditis of his native aortic valve. Since a rapid progression of the former abscess cavity into an aortic root pseudoaneurysm with increasing paravalvular regurgitation during postoperative follow-up, reoperation was performed. In the preoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) images the pseudoaneurysm completely surrounds the left coronary artery (LCA) without any signs of myocardial ischemia.
Heterotopic caval valve implantation in severe tricuspid regurgitation
Authors: Sharma Neeraj Kumar , Chouhan Nagendra Singh , Bansal Manish , Chandra Praveen , Singh Ajmer , Juneja Rajiv , Mehta Yatin , Trehan Naresh
Published: March 2023

Severe symptomatic tricuspid regurgitation (TR) with right heart failure is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Medical therapy is often ineffective and surgical correction is not feasible due to prohibitive perioperative risk. Transcatheter caval valve implantation (CAVI) is an evolving therapeutic option for this condition. It refers to the heterotopic placement of a valve into the inferior vena cava alone or with a second valve in the superior vena cava to restrict the backflow from the failing tricuspid valve. We hereby describe a patient with previous mitral valve surgery with chronic severe TR who underwent successful CAVI at our institute.
Is airway pressure release ventilation, a better primary mode of post-operative ventilation for adult patients undergoing open heart surgery? A prospective randomised study
Authors: Manjunath V , Reddy Bhavya G , Prasad S R
Published: March 2023

Context:

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) induced acute lung injury is accounted for most of the post-operative pulmonary dysfunction which leads to decreased compliance and hypoxemia. Airway Pressure Release Ventilation (APRV) as compared to other modes of ventilation has shown to improve gas exchange in Acute lung injury (ALI)/Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) lungs.

Aims:

We hypothesized APRV as a better primary mode of postoperative ventilation in adult post-cardiac surgery patients.

Methodology:

The study included 90 postoperative surgical patients, which were randomized into three groups: SIMV-PC(P), APRV(A), and SIMV-VC(V) with 30 patients in each group.

Subjects and Methods:

Lung compliance and serial arterial blood gas were assessed at regular intervals. PaO2/FiO2 ratio (a measure of oxygenation) and lung compliance were used as an indirect indicator for improvement in lung function. Hemodynamic parameters were closely observed for all the patients.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Statistical analysis was done using ‘R’ software.

Results:

There was a statistically significant improvement in PaO2/FiO2 ratio in the APRV group as compared to other groups. There was also an improvement in lung compliance after 6 h of ventilation and lesser duration of ventilation in the APRV group. However, it was not statistically significant.

Conclusions:

Our study suggests that APRV can be a useful alternative primary mode of ventilation to improve lung compliance and oxygenation in adult post-cardiac surgical patients.
Renal Transplantation in a Patient with Turner Syndrome
Authors: Nerli R. B. , Vernekar Ritesh , Chandra Shoubhik , Dixit Neeraj S. , Ghagane Shridhar C.
Published: March 2023

Turner syndrome (TS) is a rare genetic disorder that is found only in females. However, the prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in TS appears to be less common. We report a case of a young adult with TS and ESRD who underwent a successful renal transplantation.
Duplicated Inferior Vena Cava in Live-Related Renal Transplant Donor Nephrectomy
Authors: Kamath K. Annappa , Vasudevan S. , Pandey Himanshu
Published: March 2023

Evaluation for prospective donors in live-related renal transplantation poses many challenges. Anatomical anomalies are no longer considered red flags as long as the functionality is maintained. Vascular anomalies increase difficulty during live donor nephrectomy. We herein report a case of live donor nephrectomy in a donor with a duplicated left-sided inferior vena cava (IVC). Adequate length of the left renal vein was got by taking a cuff off the duplicated IVC. The postoperative period was uneventful. Duplicated IVC is not a contraindication for left donor nephrectomy and detailed preoperative imaging helps in delineating and planning such cases.
Not So Sweet!!: Posttransplant Diabetes ‒ An Update for the Nephrologist
Authors: Jose Nisha , Varughese Santosh
Published: March 2023

The landscape of posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) has transformed drastically over the past 20 years witnessing changes ranging from the definition and pathophysiology to the use of newer agents such as sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in the treatment of PTDM. Its unique pathophysiology leads to a different timescale for the development of cardiovascular events when compared with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. This review provides an up-to-date synopsis of the definition, pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment aspects of PTDM for the nephrologist.
Addressing the impact of the climate crisis on oral health
Authors: Patil Vinit Shashikant
Published: March 2023

The impact of climate change on oral health is a matter of great significance. Climate change has resulted in various detrimental effects such as the outbreak of epidemics, deforestation, coastal flooding, and other calamities. The impact of climate change on the health of the inhabitants of a specific geographical region has a direct impact on their overall health. Furthermore, the global repercussions of climate change have an adverse effect on the ecosystem. In the Indian subcontinent, the prevalence of oral precancer and cancer among the youth is increasing, which can be attributed to the rampant usage of tobacco and associated products, as well as exposure to varying degrees of solar radiation. To effectively address the health burden arising due to changes in climatic conditions, there is a need for concerted efforts to comprehend these modifying factors, which can be achieved through upgrading health-care facilities and research support. Such efforts will enable sustainable development and ensure optimum overall health.
Antibacterial Activity of Acalypha Indica Extract on Porphyromonas Gingivalis: An In vitro Study
Authors: Manoharan P , Gunasekaran L , Shavi GR , Shanmuagam S , Smith JJ
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

Acalypha
indica plant is traditionally used to treat dysentery, diarrhea, malnutrition, and malaria. This plant extract reported a wide antibacterial spectrum against Staphylococcus
aureus, Staphylococcus
epidermidis, Bacillus
cereus, Streptococcus
faecalis, and Pseudomonas
aeruginosa.

Objective:

This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of A. indica plant extract at the concentrations of 10–200 mg/ml against Porphyromonas
gingivalis. A. indica plant metabolites were extracted by the maceration technique using methanol.

Materials and Methods:

The literature revealed the analysis of different phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenols. The antibacterial activity was analyzed using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration.

Results:

The n-hexane extract of A. indica has the best antibacterial potency at 200 mg/ml against P. gingivalis with an initial zone of inhibition at 100 mg/ml 12 mm, which is compared to the gold-standard chlorhexidine and MIC value of 150 mg/ml.

Conclusion:

Among major periodontal pathogens, P. gingivalis appears to be one of the prime etiological agents in the pathogenesis and progression of the inflammatory events of periodontal disease. This infinitesimal herb A. indica found throughout India is readily available and can be utilized as an effective antimicrobial agent against P. gingivalis and periodontal diseases.
Oral Health-Related Taboos and Oral Health Status among a South Indian Tribal Population: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Bommireddy VS
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

Health being a biological and social entity makes an important contribution to economic progress. Though we live in the 21st century still many underserved communities are lacking to adopt healthy lifestyles. One of many reasons would be religious convictions such as taboos, myths, or misbeliefs.

Aim:

This study aims to assess the periodontal status, and to comprehend the myths and misconceptions among adults in Jeelugumilli Mandala, West Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study design was used among 12 panchayats in which 29 villages were present in Jeelugumilli Mandal. Out of 29 villages one village was selected by convenience sampling as it is a manageable unit which represents rural population. Oral examination was done using community periodontal index (CPI) and loss of attachment for those individuals who met inclusion criteria. A valid questionnaire was used to quantitate about social myths and taboos. Pearson’s Chi-Square and descriptive statistics were applied to the collected data and level of significance was set at P ≤ 0.05 for the tests.

Results:

A statistically significant difference was observed in CPI scores among males and females (P = 0.024), those who brush their teeth once daily and those who brush twice (P = 0.005) and high significance was seen among those who consume alcohol and those who do not (P < 0.001). For loss of attachment scores high significant difference was found among tobacco chewers and nonchewers, those who brush once daily and twice daily (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Most of the misbeliefs were seen among illiterates and rural population. Hence, there is a need to improve the level of education as well as knowledge related to health, among these groups for overall improvement of health related quality of life.
Knowledge and Attitude Regarding COVID-19 Vaccine and its Self-reported Adverse Effects among Staffs and Students of Dental College in Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Sayare B , Bhardwaj VK , Sharma D , Thakur AS
Published: March 2023

Background:

Demonstration of safety is very significant with COVID-19 vaccines, not only for vaccine acceptance but also for trust in vaccination broadly. Therefore, it is crucial to understand various mistrusts regarding COVID-19 vaccine. The aim of the study was to investigate the knowledge and attitude regarding COVID-19 vaccine and its self-reported adverse effects among staffs and students of dental college in Himachal Pradesh.

Materials and Methods:

This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted among the students and staff members of H. P. Government Dental College and Hospital, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh. All those who received the vaccine from January 22 to February 8, 2021, were included. The survey was divided into two sections. Section 1 of the questionnaire included 14 questions which were regarding the knowledge and attitude of COVID-19 vaccine, whereas Section 2 of the questionnaire included a table with 13 symptoms, and the participants were asked to check the postvaccine symptoms whichever they experienced with the duration.

Results:

Majority, i.e., 94 of the recipients had pain at the injection site which had a duration range of 24 h to 4–5 days. Of 111 participants, 88 had a symptom of chills lasting 8 h to 48–72 h. 74.5% were hesitant to treat patients due to COVID-19 infection worries. 75.4% considered the need to follow COVID-19 appropriate behaviors such as wearing mask, maintain social distancing, and not going to crowded places even after vaccination.

Conclusion:

Participants in this survey reported favorable attitudes toward vaccination. The commonly reported adverse effects of vaccination were pain at injection, chills, body ache, and fever.
Anemia in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Singh Prit Pal , Mohan Satyam , Krishna Amresh , Kumar Om
Published: March 2023

Anemia is one of the earliest and most frequent complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Anemia is associated with poor quality of life, increased cardiovascular morbidities and mortalities, and accelerated progression of renal function decline. Although the pathogenesis of anemia in CKD is multifactorial, absolute or relative erythropoietin (EPO) deficiency is central to it. Iron deficiency is the second most important cause of anemia. EPO-stimulating agents and iron replacement had been central in the management of anemia of CKD. Newer information regarding the role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) mediating EPO release has the potential to change the current management paradigm. Orally administered HIF inhibitors are shown to be safer and have similar efficacy compared to ESAs, and may become the mainstay of treatment of CKD anemia.
The association of exposure to air pollution with changes in plasma glucose indices, and incidence of diabetes and prediabetes: A prospective cohort of first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Feizi Awat , Shahraki Parisa Khodabandeh , Najafabadi Azimeh Maghzi , Iraj Bijan , Abyar Majid , Amini Massoud , Meamar Rokhsareh , Aminorroaya Ashraf
Published: March 2023

Background:

Increasing incidence rates of diabetes related to air pollution have been reported in high-income countries. However, few studies evaluated air pollution effect on plasma glucose indices, in addition to diabetes and prediabetes incidence in developing countries. This study investigated the association between exposure to common air pollutants and the changes plasma glucose indices over time. The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and prediabetes in future were also examined in association with exposure to air pollution.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 3828 first-degree relatives of patients with T2D who were prediabetes or had normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were enrolled in this study. Cox regression was used to assess the relationships between particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxides, sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone exposure and the incidence of T2D and prediabetes. We also applied a linear mixed model to assess the association between exposure to these air pollutants and changes in plasma glucose indices over time.

Results:

Air pollutants showed a significant positive association with changes in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and 2 h oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) in participants with NGT and prediabetes. The maximum increase in plasma glucose indices was associated with NO concentration. Our study also showed exposure to all air pollutants except SO2 was significantly associated with an increased risk of developing T2D and prediabetes (Hazard ratio > 1, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

According to our results, exposure to air pollution increases the risk of T2D and prediabetes incidence in our population. The exposure to air pollutants was also associated with increasing trend in FPG, HbA1c, and OGTT levels in both groups of NGT and prediabetic participants.
The Dangers of Cigarette Smoke and the Role of Guided Inquiry for Prevention and Other Prevention
Authors: Aulia Mochammad Izzur Rizky , Munasir Munasir , Budiyanto Mohammad , Afnan Rizqi
Published: March 2023

Objective: The objectives are to discover the health impact of cigarette smoke, the factors make adolescents’ smoking behavior, and how guided inquiry and other rules for preventing smoking behavior. Method: This research uses a literature review research method or literature study, collecting several sources that can later be used as a reference. This research is obtained from the seventy-five journals reviewed. Results: Based on the literature review, so many destructive impacts of cigarette smoke on health. Mostly factor in smoking behavior is an advertisement of cigarettes. Preventive ways to stop adolescents smoking behavior are also available. Nevertheless, the most effective ways are school-based learning. Primarily health education with guided inquiry learning based. Novelty: Previous research by another researcher needs to explain the factors of adolescent smoking behavior sufficiently; the previous research also needs to mention the prevention of that behavior. This research shows the health impact of smoking and prevention in social life, and this research shows the role of guided inquiry for prevention.