bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiple sex partner behavior in female undergraduate students in China: A multi-campus survey
Authors: Yan Hong , Chen Weiqi , Wu Haocheng , Bi Yongyi , Zhang Miaoxuan , Li Shiyue , Braun Kathryn L
Published: August 2009

Background

China is realizing increases in women engaged in premarital sex and multiple sex partner behavior. Our aim was to examine prevalence and determinants of multiple sex partner behavior among female undergraduates in China.

Methods

Anonymously completed questionnaires were received from 4,769 unmarried female undergraduates, recruited using randomized cluster sampling by type of university and students' major and grade. Items captured demographic, family, peer and work influence, and student factors (major, academic performance, and sex-related knowledge and attitudes). To examine risk factors for sexual behaviors, we used multi-level logistic regression, yielding odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Results

Of 4,769 female students, 863 (18.10%) reported ever having sexual intercourse, and 5.31% reported having multiple sex partners (29.32% of all women having sexual intercourse). Several demographic, family, peer and work influences, and student factors (including major, performance, knowledge, and attitude toward sex) were risk factors for ever having sex. However, risk factors for multiple sex partners only included working in a place of entertainment, having current close friends that were living with boyfriends, poor academic performance, and positive attitudes toward multiple partners. These women also were more likely to practice masturbation, start having sex at a younger age, have sex with married men and/or men not their "boyfriends" at first coitus, and not use condoms consistently.

Conclusion

A small but important subset of Chinese female undergraduates is engaged in unprotected sex with multiple sex partners. Interventions need to target at risk women, stressing the importance of consistent condom use.
Long-stay in short-stay inpatient facilities: risk factors and barriers to discharge
Authors: Gigantesco Antonella , de Girolamo Giovanni , Santone Giovanni , Miglio Rossella , Picardi Angelo ,   the PROGRES-Acute group
Published: August 2009

Background

The aim of the present study was to assess the characteristics of long-stay inpatients in public and private Italian acute inpatient facilities, to identify risk factors and correlates of the long duration of hospital stay in these patients, and to identify possible barriers to alternative placements.

Methods

All patients in 130 Italian public and private psychiatric inpatient units who had been hospitalized for more than 3 months during a specific index period were assessed with standardized assessment instruments and compared to patients discharged during the same index period, but staying in hospital for less than 3 months (short-stay inpatients). Assessed domains included demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics, as well as process of care. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify specific variables predicting inpatient long-stay status. Reasons for delaying patient discharge, as reported by treatment teams, were also analyzed.

Results

No overall differences between long-stay and short-stay patients emerged in terms of symptom severity or diagnostic status. Admission to a private inpatient facility and display of violent behavior during hospital stay were the most powerful predictors of long-stay. Lack of housing and a shortage of community support were the reasons most commonly cited by treatment teams as barriers to discharge.

Conclusion

Extra-clinical factors are important determinants of prolonged hospitalization in acute inpatient settings.
The crystal structure of Haloferax volcanii proliferating cell nuclear antigen reveals unique surface charge characteristics due to halophilic adaptation
Authors: Winter Jody A , Christofi Panayiotis , Morroll Shaun , Bunting Karen A
Published: August 2009

Background

The high intracellular salt concentration required to maintain a halophilic lifestyle poses challenges to haloarchaeal proteins that must stay soluble, stable and functional in this extreme environment. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a fundamental protein involved in maintaining genome integrity, with roles in both DNA replication and repair. To investigate the halophilic adaptation of such a key protein we have crystallised and solved the structure of Haloferax volcanii PCNA (Hv PCNA) to a resolution of 2.0 Å.

Results

The overall architecture of Hv PCNA is very similar to other known PCNAs, which are highly structurally conserved. Three commonly observed adaptations in halophilic proteins are higher surface acidity, bound ions and increased numbers of intermolecular ion pairs (in oligomeric proteins). Hv PCNA possesses the former two adaptations but not the latter, despite functioning as a homotrimer. Strikingly, the positive surface charge considered key to PCNA's role as a sliding clamp is dramatically reduced in the halophilic protein. Instead, bound cations within the solvation shell of Hv PCNA may permit sliding along negatively charged DNA by reducing electrostatic repulsion effects.

Conclusion

The extent to which individual proteins adapt to halophilic conditions varies, presumably due to their diverse characteristics and roles within the cell. The number of ion pairs observed in the Hv PCNA monomer-monomer interface was unexpectedly low. This may reflect the fact that the trimer is intrinsically stable over a wide range of salt concentrations and therefore additional modifications for trimer maintenance in high salt conditions are not required. Halophilic proteins frequently bind anions and cations and in Hv PCNA cation binding may compensate for the remarkable reduction in positive charge in the pore region, to facilitate functional interactions with DNA. In this way, Hv PCNA may harness its environment as opposed to simply surviving in extreme halophilic conditions.
Modulation of cytokines and transcription factors (T-Bet and GATA3) in CD4 enriched cervical cells of Chlamydia trachomatis infected fertile and infertile women upon stimulation with chlamydial inclusion membrane proteins B and C
Authors: Gupta Rishein , Vardhan Harsh , Srivastava Pragya , Salhan Sudha , Mittal Aruna
Published: August 2009

Background

Chlamydial Inclusion membrane proteins (Incs), are involved in biochemical interactions with host cells and infecting Chlamydiae. We have previously reported the role of two Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) Incs, namely IncB and IncC in generating host immunity in CT infected women. Emerging data shows involvement of Inc stimulated CD4 positive T cells in aiding host immunity in infected fertile and infertile women through the secretion of interferon gamma. However the lack of data on the intra-cytokine interplay to these Incs in infected cell milieu prompted us to investigate further.

Methods

A total of 14 CT-positive fertile, 18 CT-positive infertile women and 25 uninfected controls were enrolled in this study. CD8 depleted, CD4 enriched cervical cells were isolated and upon stimulation with IncB and IncC, modulation of cytokines (Interleukin (IL)-1 Beta, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, Interferon-gamma, IL-12, IL-23, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha and Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and T cell lineage regulating transcription factors T-Bet and GATA3 was determined by real-time reverse-transcriptase (RT)-PCR and ELISA.

Results

Significant higher expression (P < 0.05) of Interferon-gamma, IL-12, IL-23 and GM-CSF were found in Inc-stimulated CD4 enriched cervical cells of CT-positive fertile women and contrastingly high IL-1 Beta, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were found in CT-positive infertile women. Positive correlation (P < 0.05) was found between Interferon-gamma and T-Bet levels in CT-positive fertile women and IL-4 mRNA and GATA3 levels in CT-positive infertile patients upon IncB and IncC stimulation.

Conclusion

Overall our data shows that CT IncB and IncC are able to upregulate expression of cytokines, namely interferon-gamma, IL-12, IL-23 and GM-CSF in CT-positive fertile women while expression of IL-1 Beta, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10 were upregulated in CT-positive infertile women. Our study also suggests that Incs are able to modulate expression of T cell lineage determinants indicating their involvement in regulation of immune cells.
Ford Uses OR to Make Urgent Sourcing Decisions in a Distressed Supplier Environment
Authors: Klampfl Erica , Fradkin Yakov M. , McDaniel Chip , Wolcott Mike
Published: August 2009

Ford Motor Company used operations research methodology to aid in determining the best sourcing footprint for its $1.5 billion Automotive Components Holdings, LLC (ACH) Interiors business, saving approximately $40 million in upfront investment over the previously preferred alternative. This extensive undertaking required a complete reengineering of the supply footprint of 42 high-volume product lines over 26 major manufacturing processes and more than 50 potential supplier sites. Under extreme time constraints (two months), we developed a decision-support tool and a novel approach to solve the underlying large-scale mixed-integer nonlinear program. We reformulated a complex real-life problem into a manageable model that provided practical insights in a timely fashion. The proposed algorithms scale well and account for nonlinearities arising from supplier facility cost structures. The new tool provided a state-of-the-art, data-driven, quantitative basis for sourcing decisions in an area of strategic importance to the company and enabled Ford to make faster and better decisions on how to restructure its ACH Interiors business.
Strategies to Improve Chronic Disease Management in Seven Metro Boston Community Health Centers
Authors: Ndumele Chima D. , Russell Beverley E. , Ayanian John Z. , Landon Bruce E. , Keegan Thomas , O’Malley A. James , Hicks LeRoi S.
Published: August 2009

Background: The Community, Health Center, and Academic Medicine Partnership Project (CHAMPP) is a partnership between medical researchers, community health centers (CHCs), and a community advisory committee focused on reducing cardiovascular morbidity related to hypertension and diabetes for non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic populations in Boston, Massachusetts.
Objective: We conducted site visits at seven participating CHCs, located in Boston. The visits were to solicit health center staff opinions about site-specific barriers and enabling factors for optimum preventative cardiovascular care for racial/ethnic minority patients receiving hypertension and diabetes care at their centers.
Methods: Site visits included a tour of each health center and a series of directed interviews with center personnel. Site visit notes were reviewed to identify themes that emerged during the course of each site visit. A summary matrix was developed for each health center, which included information regarding the most salient and persistent themes of the visit.
Results: Site visits uncovered several patient-, provider-, CHC-, and community-based factors that either facilitate or hinder optimal care of chronic disease patients. Commonly referenced barriers included the need for improved patient adherence to provider recommendations; insufficient time for providers to address complex health issues presented by patients and the need for a broader range of healthier food options in surrounding communities. Interactive patient groups and community health workers (CHWs) have been well received when implemented.
Conclusion: Recommendations included adopting case management as a part of usual care for chronic disease patients; additionally, widespread implementation of CHWs may to provide a platform for more comprehensive care for patients.
Evaluation of a Partnership Approach to Translating Research on Breast Cancer and the Environment
Authors: Van Olphen Juliana , Ottoson Judith , Green Lawrence , Barlow Janice , Koblick Kathy , Hiatt Robert
Published: August 2009

Background: The growing literature on community-based participatory research (CBPR) suggests that a participatory approach benefits science in important ways. However there have been few formal evaluations of a CBPR approach itself, and few standards developed to assist in such efforts.
Objectives: This evaluation used CBPR guidelines developed by Green and colleagues to evaluate the participatory approach of the Community Outreach and Translation Core (COTC) of the Bay Area Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Center (BABCERC) in translating scientific findings from two key projects to the public.
Method: To assess key stakeholders’ perceptions of alignment between the projects and the guidelines, four COTC members, four researchers, and four community members rated the projects on each of the 26 guidelines. These data were triangulated with transcripts from interviews with the same participants and a focus group with a subset of the participants.
Results: The participatory approach by the COTC resulted in many important benefits including improved relationships among diverse stakeholders, knowledge generation, increased sensitivity and propriety of the research, and increased community support of research. However, several atypical features of this collaboration—for example, the basic and etiological nature of the science being undertaken, and the multiple communities (lay and activist/advocate) involved—resulted in different levels and qualities of participation among stakeholders.
Conclusions: Further research should focus on the adaptation of participatory research principles for different kinds of community partners and on the development and refinement of standards and tools to assist in evaluating the process and outcome of participatory research.
Community Health Worker Insights on Their Training and Certification
Authors: Catalani Caricia E. C. , Findley Sally E. , Matos Sergio , Rodriguez Romelia
Published: August 2009

Background: In recent years, the community health worker (CHW) field has grown significantly in the United States, with increasing numbers, roles, and visibility of CHWs. State health department regulators, health program administrators, and community health advocates have observed this growth with uncertainty about the definition of a CHW, how CHW roles differ from those of other health professionals, CHW training needs, and the potential impact of the growing certification and accreditation regulations.
Objective: Despite the proliferation of regulatory policies, few studies have examined how regulation can most effectively support CHWs in the field. Our objective is to define CHW, identify training needs, and examine possibilities for credentialing from the perspective of CHWs in New York City.

Methods: Community-based participatory research (CBPR) was used to engage CHW leadership and gather input from CHWs in the design and conduct of the study. The academic–community–state partnership designed focus group topic guides, and conducted fifteen focus groups with CHWs in New York City. The focus group responses were analyzed using HyperResearch and formed the basis for policy recommendations to the participating partners.

Results: We developed a consensus definition of CHW and its fundamental qualities. We identified unmet training needs in the area of core competencies. We outlined the characteristics of a credentialing process that would support and advance the work of CHWs.
Conclusions: CBPR enabled CHWs to have a direct voice in defining their description, roles, training, and certification preferences. This informed policy recommendations to the state, university, and CHWs through a collaborative process.
Community–Academic Partnerships: Lessons Learned From Replicating a Salon-Based Health Education and Promotion Program
Authors: Browne Ruth , Vaughn Nicole A. , Siddiqui Nadia , Brown Necole , Delmoor Ernestine , Randleman Paul , Randleman Shirley , Gonzalez Laura , Lewis Jack , Lourie Rita , Foster Gwen , Brown Humberto , Fraser-White Marilyn , Banks Sonia
Published: August 2009

Background: We present a model of a community–academic partnership formed to replicate a unique salon-based health education and promotion program among African-American and Latino communities in Philadelphia.
Objectives: The purpose of this article is to describe the partnership principles established and lessons learned in replicating the salon-based program that sought to develop a cadre of community–academic partners and build community-based organizations’ (CBOs) capacity to implement and evaluate the program.
Methods: As the lead organization, the Arthur Ashe Institute for Urban Health (AAIUH), formed a partnership with two CBOs, three universities, and 17 salons. Guiding principles were established to manage the large collaborative and ensure success.
Lessons Learned: By embracing a common mission and principles of understanding, co-learning, building capacity and sharing responsibility and recognition, this partnership was able to achieve positive outcomes. Challenges faced were related to replication, CBO infrastructure, data management capacity, and other process issues.
Conclusions: Despite challenges, we created and sustained an enduring partnership and brought positive change to the community. Lessons learned highlight issues to examine before furthering this work such as fostering trust and building meaningful relationships.
Development and Implementation of a School-based Obesity Prevention Intervention: Lessons Learned from Community-Based Participatory Research
Authors: Uyeda Kimberly , Bogart Laura M. , Hawes-Dawson Jennifer , Schuster Mark A.
Published: August 2009

Background: National, state, and local policies aim to change school environments to prevent child obesity. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) can be effective in translating public health policy into practice.
Objectives: We describe lessons learned from developing and pilot testing a middle school-based obesity prevention intervention using CBPR in Los Angeles, California.
Methods: We formed a community–academic partnership between the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) and the UCLA/RAND Center for Adolescent Health Promotion to identify community needs and priorities for addressing adolescent obesity and to develop and pilot test a school-based intervention.
Lessons Learned: Academic partners need to be well-versed in organizational structures and policies. Partnerships should be built on relationships of trust, shared vision, and mutual capacity building, with genuine community engagement at multiple levels.
Conclusion: These lessons are critical, not only for partnering with schools on obesity prevention, but also for working in other community settings and on other health issues.
Participatory Health Assessment in Haiti: Practical Tools for Community Empowerment
Authors: Sethi Stephen , Belliard Juan Carlos
Published: August 2009

Background: Recent changes in development practices have recognized the importance of community involvement in assessing needs and resources. Community based participatory research, including Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), provides a process that empowers communities to identify their own needs and build on their strengths.
Objectives: This paper describes a participatory health assessment in Haiti using a methodology that can be replicated in other settings. In contrast with traditional, needs-based assessment, this assessment was designed to train participants to discover their own needs and assets, in preparation for a potential community health program.
Methods: A training team was invited by a faith community to facilitate an appraisal in three villages in northwestern Haiti. Facilitators trained local participants to implement PRA tools such as mapping, scoring, focus groups, and root cause analysis to discover perceptions of socioeconomic and health contexts of the community. The local team members conducted the activities with other community participants, analyzed the results together, and presented the findings to each community.
Results: Key findings across the activities included loss of productive land, minimal irrigation or sanitation resources, priorities of maternal health, malnutrition, diarrhea, and a general distrust of organizations, but the existence of some effective local groups.
Conclusions: The PRA process empowered participants to define and prioritize their problems, identify potential resources, and offered insights into the practical implementation of research tools. The authors describe the methodology and implications of choosing a participatory health assessment, including the advantages, challenges, and potential for replication in other settings.
The Panacea of Psychological Nourishment to Caregivers Taking Care of HIV/AIDS Clients: The Case of the Kanye Community Home-Based Care (CHBC) Programme in Botswana
Authors: Kang’ethe Simon M.
Published: August 2009

The study is qualitative in design and explorative in nature, involving 82 registered primary caregivers and five CHBC nurses. The following were found to be challenges affecting psychological provision to caregivers: inadequate counselling, inadequate motivation and incentives, caregivers’ inadequate confidence with traditional and spiritual healers, inadequate spiritual support from faith-based organizations, and lack of support groups and debriefings. The study recommends: increased counselling, increased motivation and incentives, creating a link between traditional/spiritual healers with the modern medical system, expediting the formation of support groups, and having the programme institute and hold debriefings to increase the psychological well-being of caregivers, thereby increasing care productivity.
Day-of-the-Week and Month-of-the-Year Effect on the Kenyan Stock Market Returns
Authors: Onyuma Samuel O.
Published: August 2009

Capital markets are normally assumed to be efficient in relation to the instantaneous incorporation of all known and new arriving information into prices of securities. Studies assessing the efficiency of capital markets have reported mixed results, some of which are against the efficient markets theory. The purpose of this study was to determine if daily and monthly seasonal anomalies do exist in the Kenyan stock market. Data on prices and adjusted returns derived from the NSE 20 index were analysed using regression analysis to identify the behaviour of stock investors in Kenya during 1980–2006. Results indicate that Monday produces the lowest negative returns, while Friday and January produce the largest positive returns. These results are useful in providing evidence of deviation from the efficient markets theory and in drawing conclusions about anomalies in an emerging stock market. Finding highest return volatility on Friday and lowest on Monday might be due to several economic news announcements released on Thursdays and Fridays, and is consistent with informed trader argument. The returns are therefore influenced by foreign portfolio investor behaviour and delays in receiving news released from foreign financial markets. Day-of-the-week effect and January effect patterns in return and volatility might enable investors to take advantage of relatively regular shifts in the market by designing trading strategies, which accounts for such predictable patterns.
Female Genital Cutting in Contemporary Eritrea: Determinants, Future Prospects, and Strategies for Eradication
Authors: Woldemicael Gebremariam
Published: August 2009

The observation that about 90% of Eritrean women were circumcised in 2002 increased interest to understand the trends, determinants, and consequences of female genital cutting (FGC). The study used data from the 2002 EDHS and the 2003 Female Genital Mutilation Survey to consider factors that influence the likelihood that women would circumcise their daughter, and attitudes toward this practice. Findings suggest that although cohort-specific prevalence of genital cutting is lower among younger cohorts of women than among older ones, the practice remains nearly universal, particularly in regions or ethnic groups where the most severe form (infibulation) is practiced. Women’s education, urban residence, and household economic status have significant negative impact on circumcising a daughter and attitudes toward FGC continuation, suggesting that modernization has influence on FGC. The findings that education negatively affects attitudes toward FGC suggest that the impact of education could also be through its influence on the social convention. Increased access to higher education and economic opportunities, and urban residence would help lower support for the practice and hence its eradication. Community-based educational campaigns publicizing the risks of female genital cutting would also be helpful.
Entrepreneurship Education and Community Outreach at the University of Botswana
Authors: Mafela Lily
Published: August 2009

As in other business education programmes elsewhere, the University of Botswana integrates entrepreneurship into its business education programme. It incorporates experiential learning and carefully arranged student placement in industries and workplaces. This practice differs from the traditional business education programme as it involves a variety of learning activities and experiences which reflect the spirit and principle of entrepreneurship (Solomon et al . 2002; Wilson, Llewellyn, and Robertson 2003). This article is based on a study which aimed to assess and evaluate the benefits of the University of Botswana Business Clinic (UBBC) to students, and the outcomes of its community outreach to the prospective and new enterprise owners. The findings suggest that the Clinic’s activities included value-adding experiential learning, which enhanced the students’ entrepreneurial education experience, and in the process, extended business support to the local community. However, there was lack of continuity and efficient coordination of these activities, which hampered the Clinic from realising its full potential to develop entrepreneurial skills, knowledge and values in the students and the local community. In spite of this shortcoming, the UBBC has a potential role to play in facilitating and coordinating the integration of entrepreneurship education into the University’s programmes and disciplines, as part of the University’s aim to be an enterprising institution for national benefit (University of Botswana 2004,5).
Des formes synoptiques
Authors: Hanna Christophe
Published: August 2009

Cet essai utilise la forme du tÈmoignage ufologique - graphes et texte - comme exemple de forme synoptique permettant d'analyser les nouvelles productions de la poÈsie contemporaine dans leurs aspects pluri-syntaxiques et discrÈpants, transformant auteurs en actants, et Ècritures en mÈdiations destinÈes ‡ dÈpasser†les†blocages logiques†propres aux usages†communs.
Bêtes de langue
Authors: Dupont Nathalie
Published: August 2009

Christian Prigent, Valère Novarina et Jean-Pierre Verheggen prennent le parti d'"être bête de langue" pour penser ensemble les deux pôles sémantiques qu'article la devise rimbaldienne: animalité et idiotie. À l'encontre de l'anthropocentrisme prévalant, ils célèbrent dans l'humain la part de bêtise, mettant en œuvre une nouvelle ontologie animalière.
Poésie rock, aller simple
Authors: Christoffel David
Published: August 2009

Tant la poésie est éditorialement en réserve pour optimiser ses irisations génériques, sa résistance au consumérisme culturel peut prendre les formes les plus paradoxales. Sur la base de la méconnaissance dont elle est constitutivement l'objet, nous observerons qu'en se comparant au rock, la poésie peut opérer une auto-critique sans retour.
De l'écriture au dispositif : le détournement
Authors: Menoud Lorenzo
Published: August 2009

Cet article aborde la poésie contemporaine à travers le concept de détournement. Utilisation de matériaux issus de l'histoire de la littérature, compilation d'éléments tirés d'autres pratiques artistiques ou emprunts au discours référentiel, le détournement peut être considéré comme le paradigme d'un passage de l'écriture (le style) au dispositif (l'assemblage).
Anticapitalism and the Poetic Function of Language
Authors: Wourm Nathalie
Published: August 2009

Recent attacks on Jakobson could be read in Derrida's shadow: a recapitulation in poetics of the assault on structuralism. What distinguishes these criticisms is an implicit link of a radical poetics – where clear boundaries between what is poetry and what is prose, and what is literature and what is not are broken down – to a radical politics.
Le Chant du signifié: sur une lecture de Jean Cohen par Michel Houellebecq
Authors: Ippolito Christophe
Published: August 2009

Cet article analyse, à partir d'un compte-rendu de Michel Houellebecq sur "Le Haut Langage" de Jean Cohen, les correspondances entre la théorie de la poéticité de Cohen et la pratique poétique de Houellebecq.
Mécanique d'écriture
Authors: Godmer Corinne
Published: August 2009

Entre tensions et revendications, une certaine poésie contemporaine semble naviguer dans une mécanique des systèmes, figurant ainsi un rouage par l'application stricte d'une théorie à son application. Pourtant, l'étude de quelques auteurs nous permet de déceler, au-delà des schématisations, un mouvement qui naît de l'écriture et la constitue force.
L'Emploi de la syncope par Robert Dickson et Hervé Carn
Authors: Winspur Steven
Published: August 2009

The Ontarian writer R. Dickson and the writer from Brittany H. Carn give voice to events that break chronological time. One of the ways in which they do so is by interrupting syntactic units with rhythmical pauses or blank spaces that function as a syncope. Poems thus consitute untimely events, performing their broken rhythm.
Everyday
Authors: Smock Ann
Published: August 2009

This text bears on Jacques Jouet's conception of poetry as an ordinary activity practiced on a daily basis and at the local level. It stresses his preference for machine-made poems produced in bulk, his belief in literary form as a social virtue and also his sense of solidarity with the aloof and rarefied Mallarmé.
Le Poème en partage, ou la partition poétique (M. Roche, A.-M. Albiach, C. Royet-Journoud)
Authors: Marteau Frédéric
Published: August 2009

Un poème apparaît essentiellement comme l'objet paradoxal d'un partage : il reste à distance, sur ses gardes, tout en se donnant à lire. Il se présente ainsi comme une partition, notion qui, depuis le Coup de dés mallarméen, éclaire une certaine tendance de la poésie française, dont témoignent les œuvres de Maurice Roche, d'Anne-Marie Albiach ou de Claude Royet-Journoud.
Hospitable Poetry
Authors: Motte Warren
Published: August 2009

Le Livre de l'hospitalité (1991), published two months after Edmond Jabès's death, is a testamentary work embracing a variety of the strategies and themes that animated his poetics from the 1940s onward. Jabès invokes hospitality as the crucial term of this volume, conceiving it as a reciprocal and affiliative gesture.
Michelle Grangaud's Qualia Poems— Geste
Authors: Consenstein Peter
Published: August 2009

Michelle Grangaud's Geste , published in 1991, is the target of investigation. Grangaud, a member of the group Oulipo since 1995, develops and practices in this collection of poetry a new poetic form: the three line poem that follows a 5/5/11 syllabic pattern. This analysis of her work focuses on how her particular writing style reflects Oulipian écriture , one of the main goals of which is the building of consciousness.
Stéphane Bouquet, des « poèmes pour » (ne pas…)
Authors: Baetens Jan
Published: August 2009

This article attempts to define the specific position of Stéphane Bouquet (whose first collection was published in 2000) in contemporary French poetry, more particularly his attempt to merge various tendencies that seem antagonistic in this field. It tackles the particular themes of Bouquet's poetry (linked with gay culture) and focuses on the persistent hesitation between two languages, French and English.
Honoring Father and Mother in Early Kabbalah: From Ethos to Mythos
Authors: Yisraeli Oded
Published: August 2009

The article examines the ancient roots of the symbols of "father" and "mother" in medieval kabbalah, and the process of development and consolidation of these symbols. The article analizes both medieval kabbalistic (in particular Zoharic) texts and ancient rabbinic traditions, and uncovers essential connections between them. According to the article's conclusion, the Kabbalistic symbols of mother and father as sefirotic entities in the divine world is based on the theological status of the obligation to honor one's father and mother, as it reflects in Talmudic and Aggadic sources. While this obligation is compared in the rabbinic literature to honoring Heaven, it attributes to father and mother a theological value, or in other words sanctity. From a wide, methological, point of view, the article demonstrates the importance of following the sources of kabbalistic symbols and myths. The awareness of a possible ideological continuum between the kabbalistic discourse and the classic discourse opens up new horizons, because of its contribution towards understanding Talmudic-Midrashic statements, as well as a better understanding the conceptual world of the kabbalists.
"God of our Fathers": Rabbinic Liturgy and Jewish-Christian Engagement
Authors: Katzoff Binyamin
Published: August 2009

"In the traditional Jewish liturgy, prayers of supplication very commonly begin with "May it be your will, O Lord, our God and God of our fathers." Most familiar is the opening of the Jewish prayer par excellence, the Amidah. It is generally thought — no doubt from reading rabbinic literature as it appears in the printed editions — that this is an ancient form of address that was already widespread in the Tannaitic and Amoraic periods in both Eretz Israel and Babylonia. However, a closer look at the textual witnesses of this literature reveals that the use of the address to God as "God of our fathers" began to become widespread in the liturgy only in the third and fourth centuries CE in Eretz Israel. Indirect confirming evidence of the change in the Jewish prayer, comes from a particular Christian prayer which has been identified as especially close to its Jewish source Why was this so? Why did the formula, "God of our fathers" prevail over other formulae, and why then? I suggest that the struggle of the rabbinic community with the challenges posed by the Christian church is an important factor in the spread of this formula, and that it is also possible to detect various Christian responses to its use among Jews. The present study, then, holds up to view an episode in the history of Jewish liturgy, and sheds light on the intricate relationship of the two rival communities, rabbinic and Christian.
"The Jews too were not absent...carrying Moses's Law on their shoulders": The Ritual Encounter of Pope and Jews from the Middle Ages to Modern Times
Authors: Linder Amnon
Published: August 2009

This study describes and analyzes the ritual encounter between Pope and Jews as it was performed in Rome between the high middle ages and the mid-nineteenth century. An interfaith ceremony, it acted out the paradox of an officially tolerated religious minority within a self-declared homogeneous Christian society as well as the officially authorized solution to that anomaly. The forms and meanings of this ceremony, in its three main types – the entry-type, the Eastertide type, and the Coronation/Possesso type, are studied diachronically and synchronically on two interconnected planes – those of the Christian and the Jewish establishments and publics which cooperated in the production of this ceremony. It highlights the different types of motivations – from the religious and the sociopolitical to the legal-constitutional – as well as the governmental/communal structures and cultural traditions (e.g. imperial ceremonials, urban guilds' celebrations and ecclesiastical and Jewish liturgies and customs) that came into play in its course, the explicit messages of a multimedia rhetoric of subjection and dominance broadcast to the public at large – Christian and Jewish actors and spectators, as well as the implied equivocal and even subversive messages it occasionally transmitted to the Jewish public. Several primary sources are published in this study for the first time.
London and the East End as Spectacles of Urban Tourism
Authors: Roemer Nils
Published: August 2009

The article analyzes London's East End as a spectacle of urban tourism. It traces the changing perception of urban explorers and international travel writers from the end of the nineteenth century into the interwar period. Exploring the East End became a cultural practice in the metropolitan city that brought cultures into contact and negotiated their boundaries, generating an engagement with and a rethinking of difference and modernity. At times, surveying the East End challenged individuals' identities and their understanding of social and ethnic differences. The different Jewish visions of the East End reflected and partook within this larger process that came to challenge, but also to reformulate the representation of the slums. Moreover, the vitality of the East End permitted Jewish city strollers to inscribe a vital Jewish presence onto the fabric of European cultures. The engagement of these local and international Jewish travelers with the immigrant quarters marked an appeal to transnational geographies of belonging.
The Role of Expert Opinion in Framing Media Coverage of the Heisman Trophy Race
Authors: Seltzer Trent , Mitrook Michael
Published: August 2009

This study examines the 2001–2003 Heisman Trophy races to understand the relationship among the agendas of expert opinion, media coverage, and Heisman voters. The study analyzed 717 media stories, 50 AP college football polls, and 40 Rocky Mountain News expert opinion polls. The results provide support for the agenda-setting and framing influence of expert opinion and media coverage on the Heisman vote, suggesting the important role of expert opinion in the agenda-setting and framing process.
Checkered Flags and Mediated Friendships: Parasocial Interaction among NASCAR Fans
Authors: Spinda John S. W. , Earnheardt Adam C. , Hugenberg Lawrence W.
Published: August 2009

Parasocial interaction (PSI) involves attraction to and subsequent relationship development with mediated characters. This study examined the nature of PSI in NASCAR fans, the fastest growing sport in the United States. Our findings indicated that PSI among NASCAR fans is a multi-dimensional concept consisting of parasocial enjoyment and parasocial attachment. Furthermore, PSI was linked to increased audience activity (involvement, intentionality and affinity), higher levels of NASCAR fandom, positive perceptions of a favorite driver’s corporate sponsors, sex, NASCAR fandom within ones family, and NASCAR viewing motives. The results of this study examine the strong parasocial bond between fan and driver and may have direct implications for marketers of NASCAR.
Sports Commentators and Source Credibility: Do Those Who Can’t Play . . . Commentate?
Authors: Keene Justin Robert , Cummins R. Glenn
Published: August 2009

Although research has examined how commentators shape perceptions of mediated sports, the area of commentator credibility remains unexplored. Using an experimental design, this study examined the effects of commentators’ previous athletic experience on the perceived credibility of sports broadcasters and viewers’ evaluations of game play. Results showed that experience impacts viewers’ perceptions of credibility such that commentators without experience were viewed as least credible and their games were rated as less exciting and enjoyable.
The Geographical Imagination of Barack Obama: Representing Race and Space in America
Authors: Kruse Robert J.
Published: August 2009

Se ha notado que el trabajo geográfico relacionado con raza y espacio usualmente ha pasado por alto las geografías de los afro-americanos individualmente. Este artículo aporta a la literatura relacionada con raza y espacio al enfocarse en Barack Obama, el 44to presidente de los Estados Unidos. Inusual en muchas maneras, Obama ofrece la oportunidad de combinar dos tipos de análisis en este artículo. Primero, sus memorias, Dreams From My Father (Sueños de mi padre), es tratado como un texto geográfico, a través del cual podemos discernir su imaginación geográfica. Segundo, este artículo discute el carácter espacial de identidades raciales, particularmente "whiteness," que han hecho evidente las impresiones públicas de Obama. Juntas, estas discusiones pudieran ayudarnos a entender el punto en el cual las geografías personales de Barack Obama se intersectan con entornos raciales mas amplios que demuestran un creciente hibridismo y permeabilidad.
Revisiting "the South" and "Dixie": Delineating Vernacular Regions using GIS
Authors: Ambinakudige Shrinidhi
Published: August 2009

Los mapas del Sur y Dixie en los 70s y 80s de John Shelton Reed indicaron una reducción en los límites de esas dos regiones autóctonas. Este análisis estudia al Sur y Dixie. Usando directorios telefónicos electrónicos, este estudio recopila los nombres de negocios con "Southern" y "Dixie" en todas las ciudades de Los Estados Unidos. Un análisis univariable LISA (Indicador Local de Asociación Espacial) fue usado para identificar los conglomerados de valores altos y bajos de los valores normalizados de los términos. Este análisis ayudó a identificar hoy las regiones de Dixie Land y el Sur. Los resultados indican que la erosión de los límites del "Sur" y "Dixie" es notable. El estudio identificó en Utah una "Isla de Dixie" que no había sido notada anteriormente. Las identidades de Southern y Dixie son más fuertes en los condados no-metropolitanos que en los condados metropolitanos y micropolitanos. Las identidades de Southern y Dixie se están deteriorando gradualmente; mientras que el deterioro de las identidades del sur es bastante lento, el deterioro de Dixie parece ser más rápido. En general, sería mas apropiado referirse hoy a "Dixieland" como "Islas Dixie", pero el Sur todavía es el Sur.
Depletion of the South's Human Capital: The Case of Eminent Black Entrepreneurs
Authors: Boyd Robert L.
Published: August 2009

Contrario a la creencia alguna vez popular, la Gran Migración Negra del Sur tendió a ser selectiva con aquellos negros que tenían niveles relativamente altos de educación, habilidades profesionales u otra forma de capital humano. El presente estudio analiza hasta qué grado esta migración selectiva dejó al Sur sin un recurso humano importante: negros que llegaron a ser empresarios eminentes. Los datos relacionados con negros nacidos en el sur que llegaron a ser propietarios de negocios prominentes en otras regiones de la nación, indican que la mayor pérdida fue sufrida en lugares en la zona que bordea a los estados del Norte y en lugares en la zona baja del Sur con poblaciones negras urbanas insignificantes. Se plantea que estas conclusiones pueden ser explicadas por los conceptos básicos de las teorías y estudios de migración, tales como los factores de expulsión y atracción (push-pull), los obstáculos intermedios, y la presencia o ausencia de lazos entre los miembros de las comunidades.
They Are Just Like the Rest of Us, Only with a Bigger Home: Spatial Integration of Socio-Economic Classes in Rural Mingo County, West Virginia
Authors: Leonard James M.
Published: August 2009

Este artículo examina el alcance de la segregación económica (ES) en el condado rural de Mingo, West Virginia. La mayoría de los estudios de ES se centran en grandes áreas urbanas y son de naturaleza cuantitativa, pero debido a las debilidades de las técnicas cuantitativas tradicionales, en este artículo recurro al análisis cualitativo. La evidencia inicial derivada de la interpretación de áreas construidas apoya la hipótesis de que el condado de Mingo no está altamente segregado por estatus socio-económico, lo que demanda una investigación mas profunda. Entrevistas con residentes de tres vecindarios pequeños del condado de Mingo, son usadas como evidencia de interacciones reales entre miembros de clases sociales diferentes. Yo noto que las fuerzas tradicionales de ES son débiles y que los factores propios del lugar, tales como la homogeneidad de raza e ingresos, división de las tierras de la familia y una cultura que promueve una comunidad como de familia fuera de los limites familiares, genera la integración espacial de las clases socio-económicas en el condado.
Building a Trail and Connecting a Community The Establishment of the Dahlgren Railroad Heritage Trail
Authors: Bowen Dawn S.
Published: August 2009

El Dahlgren Railroad Heritage Trail (DRHT) es un proyecto de desarrollo controversial que busca convertir en calzadas las vías de tren abandonadas en un área pública del condado de King George, en Virginia. La organización 'Friends of the DRHT,' una organización creada en la primavera de 2006 para convertir una idea en realidad, ha tenido avances notables desde aquel entonces, logrando limpiar terrenos, crear un trailhead, liderando el apoyo de los residentes del condado, y educando a aquellos que se oponen al desarrollo del proyecto. El establecimiento de las calzadas, constituiría un recurso recreacional sin precedentes para el condado, el cual está experimentando un rápido crecimiento demográfico. Este artículo explora el contexto del proyecto de conversión de rieles en calzadas, la organización 'Friends of the DRHT,' sus esfuerzos por desarrollar y promover el proyecto, la oposición que ha experimentado ese grupo, y los progresos que han obtenido en vencer tales obstáculos.
Rewriting “Little Red Riding Hood”: Victorian Fairy Tales and Mass-Visual Culture
Authors: Talairach-Vielmas Laurence
Published: August 2009

Charles Perrault’s classical “Little Red Riding-Hood,” in which a young woman is commodified as a red riding-hood, makes explicit that the more the woman’s outer appearance is in keeping with the fashion standards of the day, the more she should be able to regulate her nature. This idea was even more emphasized in the Victorian period, which saw the advent of mass visual culture. Both Anne Thackeray Ritchie’s and Harriet Louisa Childe-Pemberton’s 1867 and 1882 revisions of Perrault’s tale foreground the link between the illusory nature of reality and modern femininity in order to challenge dominant (bourgeois) definitions of femininity as image.
The Critical Reader in Children’s Metafiction
Authors: Sanders Joe Sutliff
Published: August 2009

Scholarship on children’s metafiction has tended to praise metafiction for its subversive possibilities, but this paper argues that the potential for subversion is necessarily limited in children’s novels about the relationship between children and books. Using China Miéville’s Un Lun Dun , the author emphasizes instead metafiction’s ability to open spaces for critical reading. This model of reading encourages evaluation and reevaluation of authority while leaving room for the affectionate relationship so often portrayed in stories of readers and their books.
Tove Jansson and the Crossover Continuum
Authors: Harju Maija-Liisa
Published: August 2009

This article contributes to developing research on crossover literature by investigating Finland’s Tove Jansson as a cross-writer. Harju identifes complex themes in her work that may draw and link an all-ages audience—existential queries, expositions on the mystery of time and death, and journeys to self-discovery—and discuss the parallels Jansson explores between children’s and adult’s experiences in two works: a novel “for children,” Moominpappa at Sea , and an “adult” novel, The Summer Book . Both texts reflect “the crossover continuum,” a philosophy of continuance between children’s and adult experiences that encourages intergenerational connections.