bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advancing Subgroup Discovery in Classification: A Novel Random PRIM-Based Classifier Compared with well-established Algorithms
Authors: Nassih Rym , Berrado Abdelaziz
Published: September 2024

Machine learning algorithms have made significant strides, achieving high accuracy in many applications. However, traditional models often need large datasets, as they typically peel sub-stantial portions of the data in each iteration, complicating classifier development without suffi-cient data. In critical fields like healthcare, there is a growing need to identify and analyze small yet significant subgroups within data. To address these challenges, we introduce a novel classifier based on the Patient Rule Induction Method (PRIM), a subgroup discovery algorithm. PRIM finds rules by peeling minimal data at each iteration, enabling the discovery of highly relevant regions. Unlike traditional classifiers, PRIM requires experts to select input spaces manually. Our inno-vation transforms PRIM into an interpretable classifier by starting with random input space se-lections for each class, then pruning rules using Metarules, and finally selecting definitive rules for the classifier. Tested against popular algorithms such as Random Forest, Logistic Regression, and XGBoost, our Random PRIM-based Classifier (R-PRIM-Cl) demonstrates comparable robustness, superior interpretability, and the ability to handle categorical and numeric variables. It discovers more rules in certain datasets, making it valuable especially in fields where understanding the model's decision-making process is as important as its predictive accuracy.
Predicting the Open Porosity of Industrial Mortar Applied on Different Substrates: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Travincas Rafael , Mendes Maria Paula , Torres Isabel , Flores-Colen Inês
Published: September 2024

This study aims to evaluate the potential of machine learning algorithms (Random Forest and Support Vector Machine) in predicting the open porosity of a general-use industrial mortar applied to different substrates based on the characteristics of both the mortar and substrates. For this purpose, an experimental database comprising 1592 samples of industrial mortar applied to five different substrates (hollowed ceramic brick, solid ceramic brick, concrete block, concrete slab, and lightweight concrete block) was generated by an experimental program. The samples were characterized by bulk density, open porosity, capillary water absorption coefficient, drying index, and compressive strength. This database was then used to train and test the machine learning algorithms to predict the open porosity of the mortar. The results indicate that it is possible to predict the open porosity of the mortar with good prediction accuracy and that both Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms (RF =0.880; SVM = 0.896) are suitable for this task. Regarding the main characteristics that influence the open porosity of the mortar, bulk density and the open porosity of the substrate are significant factors. Furthermore, the study employs a straightforward methodology with a machine learning no-code platform, enhancing the replicability of its findings for future research and practical implementations.
Decomposition of official population projections in Brazil
Authors: Correa Charles
Published: September 2024

Brazil’s population has continually changed over time. However, the effects of each demographic component on official population projections are still unclear. In this research, we replicate the Population Projections Revision 2018 of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics using a projection matrix model and the cohort-component method by sex, age and geographic regions. Thereafter, we established four alternative scenarios to decompose the official benchmark scenario into four demographic effects (fertility, age structure, mortality, and migration) and one residual effect. The results reveal that fertility and age structure effects have been the main drivers of the population dynamics between 2010 and 2060. On the one hand, the negative effect of fertility below replacement level has been mostly offset by the still positive effect of the age structure, even across regions in the country. On the other hand, age structure effect has been decreasing over time. By 2048, the effects of age structure, mortality and migration will no longer counterbalance fertility effects, resulting in a population decline.
ISUT’s Information Support Activities in the Heavy Rain Since July 1, 2021
Authors: Sato Ryota , Yoshimori Kazushiro , Yusa Satoru , Usuda Yuichiro
Published: September 2024

We report the information support activities conducted by the Information Support Team (ISUT) in the heavy rain since July 1, 2021, after it was dispatched to Shizuoka Prefecture. During the activities, ISUT-SITE and other information were provided and utilized by the disaster response organizations. This study reports on the characteristics and future issues in this disaster response activity.
Operation, Expansion, and Improvement of the Snow Load Alert System “YukioroSignal”
Authors: Hirashima Hiroyuki , Kawashima Katsuhisa , Motoya Ken , Sano Hiroaki
Published: September 2024

The “YukioroSignal” system, which provides snow load alerts, was developed to inform decision-making regarding snow removal from house roofs. It was launched in Niigata Prefecture in 2018 and expanded to cover all special heavy snowfall areas in Japan, including the Hokkaido, Tohoku, and Hokuriku regions in 2024. The system uses the SNOWPACK model to estimate high-accuracy snow weight from real-time snow depth data published online at observation points. At locations where snow depth gauges are not installed, such as in mountainous areas, snow weight is estimated using inverse distance-weighted interpolation, but accuracy is reduced. To overcome this problem, this study attempted to integrate this information with the snow water equivalent distribution calculated using the simple-layer snow distribution model. To validate this improvement, manual observations of snow weight were performed at 98 sites and compared with simulation results. The accuracy of snow weight estimation at distances far away from snow depth stations was improved. The six-year operation of YukioroSignal showed the additional required information that is vulnerable to damage even with less snowfall, such as vacant houses, and caution of changes in hazard levels by an increase in snowburst in a short period.
Physical and Chemical Properties of Volcanic Ejecta Produced During the Eruption of Shinmoe-Dake, Mt. Kirishima: Explosive Eruption on March 25, 2018
Authors: Akita Hiromi
Published: September 2024

The objective of this study was to clarify the actual physical and chemical properties of volcanic ejecta immediately after the explosive eruption of Shinmoe-dake, Mt. Kirishima, in Japan. The day after the explosive eruption occurred on March 25, 2018, permeability tests using a cylindrical frame were conducted, and samples collected in the test site were subjected to laboratory soil tests. The real infiltration capacity of the volcanic ejecta showed that the final values were lower (38–92 mm/h) in the talus inside the forest than in the plain outside the forest. This was attributed to the small particle size distribution above 1 mm, regardless of the particle size of the silt/clay particle size segment. The rainfall after the explosive eruption was at most 20–22 mm/h, indicating that the real infiltration capacity value at the end of the eruption was higher than the rainfall value. This was consistent with the fact that no debris-flow was observed at the foot of Shinmoe-dake after the recent eruption. On the other hand, examination of the chemical properties of the volcanic ejecta collected revealed high values of Ca and SO4. These compounds form gypsums by reaction with water, could reduce the infiltration capacity of deposit, possibly contributing generation of mudslide.
Development of the Volcanic Disaster Risk Reduction Education Program Using the ICT Tool “YOU@RISK Volcanic Disaster Edition” —Practical Verification at a Junior High School in the Mt. Nasu Area—
Authors: Nagata Toshimitsu , Yi Tai-Young , Kimura Reo , Ikeda Masaki
Published: September 2024

This study developed a volcanic disaster risk reduction education program that aims to help junior high school students visually understand the risks of volcanic eruptions using map information and acquire independent assessments and actions to protect their own lives from eruption disasters. First, this program analyzed the present state, problems, and educational needs of volcanic disaster risk reduction education in Japan, and thereafter designed the learning content to fuse information and communication technology (ICT) education based on the Global and Innovation Gateway for All (GIGA) School Initiative promoted by Japan with disaster risk reduction education from a geographical viewpoint. We adopted the ADDIE model from instructional design theory to develop the program. An important feature of this program is the realization of geography learning using the “YOU@RISK Volcanic Disaster Edition,” a web-based GIS application developed by the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED), as an ICT tool. Learners use YOU@RISK on their tablets and perform operations such as visualizing the risk range in the event of a volcanic eruption and searching for appropriate evacuation sites and routes, while acquiring the knowledge and skills necessary for geographical literacy and emergency response actions. The program is able to realize interactive learning, which is a step ahead of education that relies on conventional paper-based hazard maps. Among active volcanoes nationwide, Mt. Nasu was selected as target volcano for this study. In addition, a junior high school located in the area surrounding Mt. Nasu, Nasu Junior High School in Nasu Town, Tochigi Prefecture, was selected as the target school. The program was implemented by teachers using tablets provided for each student at the school. We evaluated the effectiveness of the program by measuring and analyzing the effects of learning through the practice. Consequently, the effectiveness of the volcanic disaster risk reduction education program using ICT was confirmed.
The Relationship Between Years of Service and Traumatic Experiences Related to Radiation Among Local Government Staff Working Within 30 km of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station
Authors: Matsunaga Hitomi , Kashiwazaki Yuya , Orita Makiko , Xiao Xu , Takamura Noboru
Published: September 2024

An accident occurred at Tokyo Electric Power Company’s Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) in March 2011, following an earthquake and tsunami. Local government staff members who worked in the area had a variety of experiences due to the accident, including trauma. This cross-sectional study was conducted to clarify the relationship between years of service and radiation-related traumatic experiences among 490 staff members in municipalities around the FDNPS exactly a decade after the accident. They were classified as <5 years, 5–10 years, and >10 years, relative to their lengths of employment. The experienced staff (>10 years of service) had a rich array of traumatic experiences, compared to those with less experience (<5 years of service). By contrast, the experienced staff had a lower SOC-13 score than those with less experience, and a higher percentage of them reported that their workload was greater than that imposed on other local government employees. The study results suggested that the experienced staff members who worked in the affected towns prior to the FDNPS accident have been burdened with a prolonged heavier workload, including radiation-related duties.
Enhancing Physics Experience: VIRRE (Virtual Reality of Renewable Energy) to Increasing Concept Understanding and Learning Motivation in Secondary Education
Authors: Anggaryani Mita , Citra Nina Fajriyah
Published: September 2024

This research aims to develop VR in renewable energy materials (VIRRE) to increase students’ concept understanding and learning motivation. This research used Research and Development (R&D) method through ADDIE development model. Validation was carried out to determine the feasibility of VIRRE, then implemented in secondary school students by using problem-based learning model throughout three meetings. Research data was collected through questionnaires and pretest-posttest during classroom learning. The results show that VIRRE has a validity percentage of 94.07% with very valid criteria. The effectiveness of VIRRE media in increasing students' concept understanding and learning motivation is included in medium criteria with n-gain scores of 0.52 and 0.33 respectively. Additionally, VIRRE usage in learning activities showed the most improved indicator of concept understanding and aspect of learning motivation, namely classifying and self-confidence respectively. Moreover, the result indicates that both concept understanding and learning motivation are related to each other, once students are motivated to learn the subject, they can achieve a great understanding of its concept. VIRRE received very good responses from students in aspects of learning activities, materials, and media use with average percentages of 82.22%, 82.7%, and 84.23% respectively. Thus, VR could be an alternative media learning to support educators in delivering physics materials, which are viewed as complicated concepts according to the students.
Desain Didaktis Konsep Invers Fungsi Komposisi untuk Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas
Authors: Asti Parwati  , Ramadianti Winda , Asmara Adi
Published: September 2024

Desain didaktis yang didasarkan pada konsep Invers Fungsi Komposisi adalah tujuan dari penelitian ini. Dengan menggunakan tiga tahap penelitian desain didaktis yaitu: Analisis Prospektif, Metapedadidaktik, dan Retrospektif. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah wawancara dan tes kemampuan responden (TKR). Responden yang berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini adalah tiga puluh siswa kelas XI dari SMAN 8 Seluma dan lima mahasiswa Universitas Muhammadiyah Bengkulu yang sebelumnya telah mempelajari invers fungsi komposisi. Soal-soal yang menggunakan invers dari fungsi komposisi yang berbeda dari contoh diidentifikasi sebagai hambatan epistomologis dalam penelitian ini. Masalah lainnya adalah siswa belum menyelesaikan masalahan invers fungsi komposisi dalam bentuk diagram panah. Dengan menggunakan hasil ini sebagai dasar, maka peneliti mengembangkan Lintasan Pembelajaran Hipotetis (HLT) dan desain didaktis untuk membantu siswa mengatasi hambatan epistomologis ini. Lima situasi, pembelajaran yang berbeda dipertimbangkan untuk desain didaktis. Hasil penelitian yang melibatkan lima siswa dari kelas sebelas di SMAN 8 Seluma, menunjukkan bahwa desain didaktis tersebut berhasil mengurangi hambatan pembelajaran epistomologis.
Analisis Miskonsepsi Siswa dalam Pemecahan Masalah Matematis pada Materi Aljabar Kelas VII SMPK Tirtamarta-BPK Penabur
Authors: Pakpahan Ruth Yolanda Sari , Sampoerno Pinta Deniyanti , Haeruman Leny Dhianti
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan miskonsepsi yang dilakukan oleh siswa dalam pemecahan masalah matematis pada materi aljabar kelas VII. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tes tertulis kepada 47 siswa kelas VII SMPK-Tirtamarta BPK Penabur dan wawancara kepada delapan subjek penelitian dengan mikonsepi terbanyak dan bersedia untuk diwawancarai. Tes tertulis dan wawancara dilakukan untuk mengetahui letak miskonsepsi siswa berdasarkan jenis miskonsepsi yang dikemukakan oleh LEARN. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis miskonsepsi yang dilakukan siswa, diantaranya 1) Miskonsepsi pengertian huruf; 2) Miskonsepsi notasi; 3) Miskonsepsi penggeneralisasian; serta 4) Miskonsepsi pengaplikasian aturan.  Miskonsepsi yang paling banyak dilakukan oleh siswa adalah miskonsepsi pengaplikasian aturan.
Pengaruh Gaya Belajar Siswa terhadap Literasi Matematika
Authors: Atika Putri Restyani  , Subekti Fitrianto Eko
Published: September 2024

Literasi matematika siswa tidak terlepas dari gaya belajar yang dimiliki. Setiap siswa memiliki cara dan pendekatan yang unik dalam memahami dan menyelesaikan masalah dengan menggunakan konsep matematis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh gaya belajar terhadap literasi matematika siswa. Dengan mengetahui gaya belajar siswa dapat membantu dalam mengadaptasikan metode pengajaran untuk meningkatkan literasi matematika. Hal ini, memungkinkan pengajaran yang lebih efektif, sesuai dengan kebutuhan individu sissa, dan dapat meningkatkan pemahaman serta keterampilan matematika siswa secara keseluruhan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Sistematis Literature Review (SLR) untuk mengidentifikasi, menganalisis, mengevaluasi, dan meringkas semua hasil penelitian yang tersedia. Selain itu, data dari artikel dianalisis untuk mengambil kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: (1) gaya belajar siswa memiliki dampak yang signifikan pada kemampuan yang dimiliki untuk menyelesaikan masalah menggunakan konsep matematis. (2) Literasi matematis siswa masih belum merata antara satu sekolah dengan sekolah lainnya. Dan (3) gaya belajar yang dimiliki siswa turut mempengaruhi literasi matematis. Oleh karena itu kegiatan belajar yang dilakukan sebaiknya selaras dan mempertimbangkan gaya belajar yang dimiliki.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning Berbantuan LKPD Terstruktur terhadap Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Matematis Siswa SMA Negeri 30 Jakarta
Authors: Mutiah  , Salsabila Ellis , Dhianti Haeruman Leny
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran guided discovery learning dengan berbantuan LKPD terstruktur terhadap kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Quasi-Experiment dengan post-test only control group design. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Cluster Random Sampling. Sampel penelitian yaitu siswa kelas X-3 dan X-2 di SMA Negeri 30 Jakarta. Kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa diukur menggunakan instrumen penelitian yaitu 5 soal uraian pada materi sistem persamaan linear tiga variabel yang telah valid dan reliabel. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menggunakaan uji-t dengan taraf signifikansi , didapat bahwa nilai  dan  sehingga . Hasil perhitungan nilai Cohen’s effect size sebesar 0,668 yang termasuk pada kategori sedang dengan presentase 73%. Berdasarkan hasil yang telah didapatkan, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh dari penerapan model pembelajaran guided discovery learning berbantuan LKPD terstruktur terhadap kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa SMA Negeri 30 Jakarta.
Pengembangan Keuangan Mikro Islam untuk Mengatasi Kemiskinan dan Mencapai Tujuan SDGs: Pendekatan Bibliometrik
Authors: Haidar Abdullah
Published: September 2024

This study tries to review research on sustainable microfinance development in Scopus indexed journals. This analysis uses descriptive statistical analysis based on 319 selected papers related to microfinance sustainable development from both national and international journals. All samples of published journals have been published for 27 years from 1996 to 2022. The data is then processed and analyzed using the VOSviewer application program to find out the bibliometric visualization map for sustainable development of microfinance research. The results of this bibliometric mapping study show a map of the development of research in the field of microfinance sustainable development. This study also found a close relationship between microfinance sustainable development and the main goal of the SDGs, namely eradicating poverty to promote prosperity for all people of all ages around the world. This research finds new and interesting keywords for further research.
Yusuf al-Qardhawi’s View on Religious Extremism
Authors: Purwanigtyas Dhita Ayomi , Hasanah Zahra Uswah
Published: September 2024

Indonesia is a country with complex religious diversity issues. This is evidenced by the persistence of inter-religious conflicts caused by religious extremism. From within Muslims, this problem has become a discussion of scholars. Therefore, this study analyses Yusuf Al-Qaradhawi's concept of religious extremism to map the scattered extremist groups and avoid mistakes in assessing a group. Yusuf Al-Qaradawi stated that extremism is an excessive attitude toward religion that can destroy religious communities because it causes error. In this study, the researcher used a philosophical approach, and the method used was a descriptive-analytical method to analyze Yusuf Al-Qaradawi's thoughts regarding the problem of extremism in his work "Al-Shahwah Al-Islāmiyyah Baina Al-Juḥud wa Al-Tatharruf. The results of this study found that  according to Al-Qaradawi, extremism has several factors and characteristics. In this case, Al-Qaradawi also put forward the concept of "Wasathiyyah" in Islam to overcome the extremism problem, which proves the essence of Islamic teachings that bring peace and respect differences between people.
Religion in the Postmodern Thought
Authors: Zarkasyi Hamid Fahmy
Published: September 2024

As understood, postmodernism is a worldview that borrows its nomenclature from the era after modernism. It became a progressive thought with ideas notable for denouncing absolute truth. This article aims to explain what postmodernism is and how religion is understood by its people, mainly by referring to the thoughts of postmodern philosophers who played an important role in undermining religious traditions through the devaluation of religious values, namely Nietzsche (1884-1900), Wittgenstein (1889-1951) and Heidegger (1889-1976). In the discussion, it is found that postmodernism has a distinctive conception of God and religion. It dissolves the highest values, which is God, to which all other value may refer to as their foundations. Since human reason cannot conceive the nature of God, postmodern intellect disestablishes the metaphysical way of thinking. Thus, the postmodernists get it religion in so diverse way that conflicting to the predominant conviction of theologians.
Metodologi Tafsir Gender: Telaah Kritis Pemikiran Husein Muhammad
Authors: Ash-Shufi Cep Gilang Fikri
Published: September 2024

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi sekaligus mengkritisi metodologi penafsiran yang digunakanusein Muhammad dalam menafsirkan ayat-ayat yang berhubungan dengan perempuan. Kajian ini merupakan kajian pustaka, yaitu melalui penelusuran terhadap karya-karya Husein. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa metodologi penafsiran Husein tidak bisa diterapkan kepada al-Qur’an. Ia tidak terlepas dari pengaruh paham sekular-liberal Barat, karena ia berpandangan bahwa al-Qur’an tidak dapat dilepaskan dari ruang sejarah masyarakat Arab abad ke 7. Asbabunnuzul serta periode makiyah dan madaniyah dari penurunan ayat adalah bukti bahwa al-Qur’an diarahkan untuk masyarakat Arab pada waktu itu. Dengan demikian, metode yang dipakainya adalah historical crtical method yang berlandaskan hermeneutika. Metode tersebut ia elaborasikan ke dalam empat metode; metode tafsir berbasis maqāsid, metode analisas aspek sosio historis, metode analisis bahasa dan metode kajian aspek kausalitas. Hasil penafsiran yang dituju Husein melalui empat metode tersebut adalah melahirkan pemahaman ayat sesuai dengan konsep “gender equality”. Metode tersebut tidak bisa diterapkan untuk menafsirkan al-Qur’an karena kelahirannya untuk mengkaji bibel yang bermasalah dalam hal otentisitasnya sebagai wahyu. Selain itu, penafsiran al-Qur’an yang dilakukan para Ulama sejak generasi awal juga tidak didasarkan kepada jenis kelamin tertentu, melainkan didasarkan kepada petunjuk wahyu yang diajarkan sejak zaman Rasulllah shallallāhu ‘alaihi wasallām.
Evaluasi Terapi Antibiotik pada Pasien Diare Akut Balita di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Tentara Dr. Soedjono Magelang Tahun 2018
Authors: Octavia Ruskiah , Laila Wahyu Kumil , Saptarina Nadia , Estikomah Solikah Ana
Published: September 2024

Diare akut merupakan buang air besar lebih dari 3 kali perhari, disertai perubahan konsistensi tinja menjadi cair dengan atau tanpa lendir dan darah yang berlangsung kurang dari 14 hari. Terapi antibiotik merupakan salahsatu standar tatalaksana diare akut yang dianjurkan oleh WHO. Ketidaktepatan terapi antibiotik pada diare akut balita dapat menyebabkan kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ketepatan terapi antibiotik pada pasien diare akut balita di instalasi rawat inap Rumah Sakit Dr. Soedjono Magelang tahun 2018. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian non-eksperimental yang dilakukan dengan pengumpulan data rekam medik pasien rawat inap secara retrospektif sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis dengan pedoman World Gastroenterology Organisation Acute Diarrhea in Adults and Children: A Global Perspective 2012 dengan metode deskriptif retrospektif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 34 sampel balita dengan diagnosa diare akut dan mendapat terapi antibiotik meliputi 91% tepat indikasi, 91% tepat obat, dan 85% tepat dosis.
Tingkat Kepuasan Pasien terhadap Kualitas Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Apotek Wilayah Kecamatan Colomadu Kota Karanganyar
Authors: Fadholah Amal , Baharriski Zahra Hanifah , Artanti Lija Oktya
Published: September 2024

The pharmacy is a pharmaceutical service facility where the pharmacist practices pharmacy. The professionalism of the performance of a pharmacist in a service is very influential in improving the quality of public health. If the service performance provided can rich patient expectation, it will automatically grow a good level of patient satisfaction. This study aims to determine and evaluate the level of patient satisfaction by assessing the 5 dimensions of pharmaceutical services at pharmacies that cover facilities, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. Evaluation of the quality of pharmaceutical service in pharmacies is very necessary so that pharmacists can continuously make improvements both in terms of service products or services. This study was included in a non-experimental descriptive study, with a Cross-Sectional data collection model. The total of samples is 140 respondents taken from 5 pharmacies located in the Colomadu District Region Karanganyar City. Overall the percentage of patient satisfaction on the quality pharmaceutical service shows a satisfactory interpretation of 78.86%. The highest gap of the 5 dimensions is found in the tangible dimension and the responsiveness dimension is -0.08. the results of the Importance-Performance Matrix Analysis show that the majority of the overall statement items are in quadrant II and III with the meaning that some pharmaceutical services need to be maintained (keep up the good work) and some services have shown good performance that does not need to be prioritized (low priority).
Uji aktivitas antibakteri daun lakump (Cayratia trifolia L.) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus haemolyticus ATCC 29970 secara in-vitro
Authors: Tiara Anastasia , Sianturi Sister , Butar-Butar Maria Elvina Tresia
Published: September 2024

Staphylococcus haemolyticus merupakan salah satu bakteri yang memiliki tingkat resistensi yang cukup tinggi terhadap beberapa jenis antibiotik. Hal ini menjadi alasan untuk mencari senyawa antimikroba baru dari sumber alami. Tumbuhan yang berpotensi sebagai senyawa antibakteri adalah tumbuhan lakump (Cayratia trifolia L.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun lakump terhadap bakteri S. haemolyticus menggunakan metode difusi sumuran. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah maserasi. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap diameter zona hambat yang terbentuk disekitar sumuran. Rata-rata diameter zona hambat yang terbentuk adalah, untuk konsentrasi 20% sebesar 7,37 mm, konsentrasi 30% sebesar 10,29 mm, dan konsentrasi 40% sebesar 11,23 mm, serta untuk kontrol positif antibiotik kloramfenikol sebesar 28,58 mm, sedangkan kontrol negatif DMSO 1% tidak terbentuk zona hambat. Hasil uji analisis data One Way-Anova menggunakan program SPSS 26 diperoleh hasil p-value (p<0.05), artinya terdapat aktivitas antibakteri dan perbedaan rata-rata diameter zona hambat antara ekstrak etanol daun lakump konsentrasi ekstrak 20%, 30%, dan 40% dengan kontrol positif dan negatif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri S. haemolyticus.
Analisis efektivitas biaya dan terapi terhadap kualitas hidup pasien diabetes mellitus type 2 rawat jalan di Rumah Sakit X, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Artini Kusumaningtyas Siwi , Listyani Tiara Ajeng
Published: September 2024

Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit kronis yang memerlukan pengobatan seumur hidup. Dalam perjalanan penyakitnya, apabila kadar gula darah tidak terkontrol dapat mengakibatkan komplikasi penyakit lain dan menurunnya kualitas hidup pasien. Bervariasinya obat antidiabetes yang dipergunakan dalam terapi dapat menimbulkan perbedaan efektivitas biaya terapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengalisis efetivitas – biaya dan terapi antidiabetes terhadap kualitas hidup pada pasien rawat jalan di RS X di Jawa Tengah. Pengambilan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan secara retrospektif dengan menggunakan rekam medis pasien rawat jalan diabetes mellitus tipe 2 dan data billing dari rumah sakit Data yang diperoleh kemudian disajikan secara deskriptif dan dihitung nilai ACER untuk 2 kelompok golongan obat yang paling banyak digunakan. Hasil dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa 30 pasien menerima kombinasi Insulin Analog (Basal) + Insulin Analog (Prandial/ Premixed), dan 11 pasien menerima Insulin Analog (Basal/ Prandial/ Premixed). Persentase efektivitas terapi kombinasi Insulin Analog (Basal) + Insulin Analog (Prandial/ Premixed) lebih tinggi dibandingkan Insulin Analog (Basal/ Prandial/ Premixed) (83,33 vs 72,72). Nilai ACER Insulin Analog (Basal) + Insulin Analog (Prandial/ Premixed) (IDR Rp 1.150.155,97) lebih rendah dibandingkan Insulin Analog (Basal/ Prandial/ Premixed) (IDR 1.334.909). Berdasarkan tabel cost effectiveness, kombinasi Insulin Analog (Basal) + Insulin Analog (Prandial/ Premixed) lebih efektive sehingga pemberian kombinasi Insulin Analog (Basal) + Insulin Analog (Prandial/ Premixed) lebih cost effective dibandingkan Insulin Analog (Basal/ Prandial/ Premixed) dan efektivitas terapi memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kualitas hidup pasien yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai p-value 0,001.
Pengaruh puasa ramadhan terhadap kadar lipid pada masyarakat hiperlipidemia di Denpasar Utara
Authors: Putri Dhiancinantyan Windydaca Brata , Meliani Ni Putu Mitha , Aman I Gusti Made , Maharianingsih Ni Made
Published: September 2024

Puasa Ramadhan merupakan kegiatan menahan diri dari tidak makan dan minum dari terbitnya fajar hingga terbenamnya matahari. Saat berpuasa terjadi perubahan pola makan, waktu makan, dan asupan makanan. Hal tersebut dapat memperbaiki kadar profil lipid yang terganggu atau sering disebut dengan hiperlipidemia. Hiperlipidemia adalah kondisi medis yang ditandai dengan peningkatan salah satu atau lebih dari lipid plasma, termasuk trigliserida, kolesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) bersamaan dengan penurunan kadar high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Pengendalian Hiperlipidemia dapat dilakukan dengan berpuasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh puasa Ramadhan terhadap kadar lipid masyarakat yang menderita Hiperlipidemia di Denpasar Utara. Desain penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pra experimental menggunakan model One Group Pretest-Posttest. Penelitian ini melakukan pemeriksaan kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida, LDL dan HDL sebelum puasa Ramadhan dan satu bulan setelah Puasa Ramadhan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan perubahan yang signifikan berupa penurunan pada kadar kolesterol total, Trigliserida dan LDL dengan nilai rerata berturut-turut sebagai berikut 203±25,983 mg/dl ke 194±25,074 mg/dl; 153,5± 43,308 mg/dl ke 108,5 ± 41,67 mg/dl; 132,5± 26,394 mg/dl  ke 115,5± 24,789 mg/dl dengan signifikansi p-value 0,001. Serta terjadi peningkatan pada kadar HDL dengan nilai rerata 43,5 ± 12,046 mg/dl ke 57±12,359 mg/dl dengan signifikansi p-value 0,001. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Puasa Ramadhan memberikan penurunan terhadap kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida dan LDL, serta peningkatan pada kadar HDL.
Hubungan penggunaan obat double anti nyeri pada swamedikasi gout artrhitis terhadap skala nyeri
Authors: Sholihah Sitta Hasanatin , Retnowati Eko , Darto Darto
Published: September 2024

Swamedikasi harus dilakukan sesuai dengan penyakit yang dialami. Pelaksanaannya harus memenuhi kriteria penggunaan obat yang rasional antara lain tepat obat, tepat dosis, tidak ada efek samping, tidak ada kontraindikasi, tidak ada interaksi obat, dan tidak ada polifarmasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan penggunaan obat double anti nyeri pada swamedikasi gout arthritis terhadap skala nyeri. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian prospektif dengan teknik wawancara kepada responden untuk menggali data/informasi tentang masalah swamedikasi obat double anti nyeri pada penderita gout arthritis. Populasi yang digunakan adalah sebanyak 60 responden dengan jenis kelamin laki-laki maupun perempuan yang melakukan swamedikasi dengan tujuan untuk pengobatan gout arthritis. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan SPSS dengan uji Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, data analisis menggunakan uji Chi Square untuk nilai P value dari hubungan penggunaan obat double anti nyeri pada swamedikasi gout arthritis terhadap skala nyeri adalah 0,399 > 0,05 sehingga tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan.
Pragmatik dalam Al-Qur’an: Analisis Tindak Tutur Lokusi, Ilokusi dan Perlokusi Pada Tafsir Ayat-Ayat Hukum
Authors: Ikke Nuralita Fadila
Published: September 2024

The Qur'an is a holy book that uses various variations of language styles in conveying messages both with narrative, argumentative, dialog-interactive patterns and stories so as to bring important teachings for humans throughout the ages in the midst of the use of language in the midst of daily life in the form of speech acts are not limited in number. This article aim to pragmatics in the Qur'an by analyzing in depth the speech acts of locution, illocution and perlocution of legal verses. The primary data source of this research is the verses of law in the Qur'an using qualitative research design with literature research method. The data is collected through the themes of the Qur'anic verses about law and analyzed by using Austin's theory with locution, illocution and perlocutionary speech acts. The results of the study found the use of pragmatics in the Qur'an with the theme of law. The analysis of pragmatics or speech acts is needed by the community in order to understand deeply related to the implied and implied meaning in the verses of the Qur'an.
Engagement of Qur'anic Sciences
Authors: Khitam Achmad Khusnul
Published: September 2024

This article aims to observe the substantive contact between the concept of al-manṭūq wa al-mafhūm in uṣūl al-fiqh and the three functions of Gracia’s hermeneutics. This article focuses on elaborating both conceptions substantively and applying them to some verses of the Qur’an to understand the rendezvous of both concepts, particularly in the interpretative sphere. This article uses both semantic and interpretative approaches in order to analyze the objects. Based on this result, it is found that there is a substantive contact between both conceptions. Firstly, both conceptions are used to determine the original meaning of the text; the uṣūl al-fiqh employs the term of al-ma'nā al-manṭūq, while Gracia’s hermeneutics uses the “historical function.” Secondly, both conceptions can also be used to produce new contemporary meanings; the uṣūl al-fiqh utilizes the term of al-ma'nā al-mafhūm, while Gracia’s hermeneutics employs the “meaning function.” Third, a certain response must be made to the contemporary meaning. In this regard, the uṣūl al-fiqh stipulates this in the process of istinbāṭ al-ḥukm, while Gracia’s hermeneutics calls this as the “implicative function.”
De regreso a casa
Authors: Carvalho Neto Antônio , Lima Cleidh , Diniz Daniela Martins , Carmona Alejandro
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: Este trabajo analiza las razones que hicieron que los inmigrantes mexicanos regresaran a sus países de origen de manera libre e independiente.
Aportación teórica: La revisión teórica del estudio incluye una discusión sobre el fenómeno de la inmigración y sus impactos, así como sobre la relación entre migración y relaciones laborales en la dinámica entre Estados Unidos y México.
Metodología: Se realizó una investigación cualitativa involucrando veinte entrevistas a estudiantes universitarios mexicanos que trabajaron en EE.UU. y regresaron a México de forma espontánea, sin que se produjera la deportación.
Resultados: Los resultados indican que la principal motivación para migrar a EE.UU. es económica. Sin embargo, los inmigrantes viven con trabajos poco calificados, con alta carga de trabajo y de carácter informal, dejándolos sin ningún tipo de protección en términos de salud y ciudadanía. Además, el deseo de estudiar es considerado por los inmigrantes como uno de los principales motivos que les hacen regresar a su país de origen. condiciones financieras.
Originalidad: la inmigración mexicana a Estados Unidos ha sido objeto de numerosos estudios desde la década de 1980, pero la gran mayoría de este debate aborda las motivaciones de los individuos para migrar.
Contribuciones: Este estudio es relevante en contribuir a la comprensión de las motivaciones que llevan a los mexicanos a migrar a EE.UU. y regresar libremente, aspecto poco abordado en la literatura del área. El estudio también avanza al mostrar que, aun con mejores salarios, otros factores además del pecuniario también impactan en la decisión del inmigrante de regresar al país de origen.
On the Meaning of Memory
Authors:   RAS Institute of Philosophy, Petrikovsky Elena
Published: September 2024

The review presents to the reader the first published manuscripts of Olga Alexandrovna Shor, known as a biographer and publisher of the works of the Russian poet Vyacheslav Ivanov. The review examines in detail published Shor’ manuscripts stored in the Roman Archive of Vyach. Ivanov, in particular the treatise “Mnemology”, as well as individual notes included in the book. Olga Shor’s philosophizing is proposed to be understood as a kind of mystical ontologism based on the concept of being as a starting point for describing the ontological memory and reality of an event. The connections and interactions of Shor’s reflections in the treatise with the cultural context – the philosophy of Plato and Aristotle, the heritage of Vyach. Ivanov, neo-Kantianism, Russian and European religious and philosophical thought – are considered in outline. The author of the review expresses the hope that the first and very detailed publication of “Mnemology” will draw research attention to the author’s philosophical work of Olga Shor. The return of such forgotten names and works to our intellectual space is also important because it opens access to the creative laboratory of the Silver Age, which was busy searching for a way out of the crisis of European culture and creating an original version of cultural philosophy. Considering the fact that Olga Shor left her work unfinished without preparing it for publication, which makes a serious critical analysis of this work incorrect, the review mainly clarifies the key points of the author’s thoughts and offers an understanding of the author’s intention
V.A. Bazarov: From Technological Empiricism to Bergsonism
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Emanuilov Filip
Published: September 2024

The article presents an analysis of epistemology and philosophy of science of the Russian marxist philosopher V.A. Bazarov. In the first part of the work, two stages of the philosopher’s evolution are distinguished and analyzed: empiriocritical and voluntarist. First stage of Bazarov’s thought is characterized by anti-metaphysical and empiricist attitudes. What separates him from other representatives of empiriocriticism is his emphasis on the activeness of the cognizing instance. It is shown that around 1910 Bazarov’s views underwent a final shift towards voluntarism, considered as the second stage of his philosophical evolution. It is demonstrated that although Bazarov’s thought developed in this direction independently, the reception of H. Bergson’s philosophy played an important role in the transition between the two stages. Ultimately, the evolution of Bazarov’s views leads him to abandonment of the key commitements of positivism and to adoption of the Bergsonian “philosophy of action”. The second part of the work is devoted to an attempt to actualize Bazarov’s views in their development through their consideration in the context of “technological empiricism”, i.e. a position in the philosophy of science reconstructed by modern scholars that unites such thinkers as A.A. Bogdanov, O. Neurath and N. Cartwright. All of them stress technical, social and physical side of scientific experience, emphasizing the richness of reality under study and ways of its representation, as well as opposing fundamentalism about high-level theoretical constructions in science. The validity of Bazarov’s characterization at the first stage of his evolution as a representative of this position is substantiated. Then, Bazarov’s philosophical evolution is considered once again, but now through the optics of technological empiricism, which allows to draw conclusions about the internal tendency of this theoretical position towards voluntarism and relativism
General Artificial Intelligence, Information and Consciousness: on D.I. Dubrovsky’s Interpretation
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Tanyushina Alexandra
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of artificial general intelligence (AGI) and its interpretation proposed by the Russian philosopher David Dubrovsky in his recent research papers. The first part of the article briefly outlines the current approaches to defining the concept of “artificial general intelligence”, including interpreting it as an artificial intelligent system capable of achieving common goals in a variety of environments. Referring to the texts of the most influential foreign researchers and developers, the author demonstrates the parallels between their proposed approaches to understanding general artificial intelligence and those interpretations proposed by David Dubrovsky and his co-authors. In particular, the commonality in the interpretations of the concept of the “world model” (Yan LeCun) and the concept of “techno-umwelt” is shown, as well as parallels between the hypothesis of “universal embodied AI” (Ben Herzel) and the arguments of the Russian philosopher about the possible implementation of AI through its involvement in various types of interactions with various worlds, virtual and physical. In the second part of the article, the potential of using the information approach developed by David Dubrovsky to solve the mind-body problem as a basis for explaining the phenomenon of general artificial intelligence is outlined. It is shown that despite the need to refine the concept of information causality proposed by the philosopher, his theory can contribute to a better understanding of the connection of possible AGI competencies with the phenomena of subjective reality. In conclusion, the key problems that currently make it difficult to find an answer to the question of the dependence of the qualities of general artificial intelligence on the presence of phenomenal consciousness are outlined. The emphasis is placed on the need to continue interdisciplinary cooperation between representatives of cognitive sciences, developers and philosophers, whose interaction is designed to help solve the characteristic difficulties associated with both the problem of conceptualizing the concept of “artificial general intelligence” and the problem of identifying consciousness in artificial intelligent systems
Early V.V. Bibikhin
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Golubov Mikhail
Published: September 2024

The review offers an analysis and evaluation of the collection “Selected Notes of 1965–1989”. In the book we meet not so much diary entries as a collection of multi-genre notes, not united by a common plot or strategy of authorial intention. Due to the fact that V. Bibikhin is a Socratic philosopher, his personal notes are permeated with philosophy: the collection demonstrates that V. Bibikhin’s private life is an underside of his philosophical project, the continuation of philosophizing beyond academic texts. Therefore, the personal writings are, among other things, of research interest. In our assessment, the collection reveals subjects fundamental to Bibikhin’s philosophy, widely known to his readers and often found in the corpus of already published texts: the themes of event, language, childhood, ancient philosophy, intuitive cognition, and other related ones. The fragments of “Selected Notes” considered in the review can easily be compared with quotations from later, more academic works. Therefore, in our opinion, the publication of “Selected Notes” provides an opportunity to trace the genesis of the central themes of V. Bibikhin’s later works, introducing for the first time a conceptual distinction between the thinker’s “early” and “late” works. Thus, V. Bibikhin’s “Separate Notes” represent a rich material with source study, biographical and historical-philosophical potential. All this suggests that further publication of V. Bibikhin’s legacy is absolutely justified and legitimate
A green solvent system for templated sequential deposition of stable formamidinium lead triiodide for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Snaith Henry , Gallant Benjamin , Holzhey Philippe , Elmestekawy Karim , Ball James , Christoforo M. Greyson , Herz Laura M. , Choudhary Saqlain , Smith Joel , Caprioglio Pietro , Levine Igal , Kubicki Dominik , Sheader Alexandra , Yang Fengning , Toolan Daniel , Kilbride Rachel , Zaininger Karl-Augustin , Noel Nakita
Published: September 2024

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) offer an efficient, inexpensive alternative to current photovoltaic technologies, with the potential for manufacture via high-throughput coating methods. However, challenges for commercial-scale solution-processing of metal-halide perovskites include the use of harmful solvents, the expense of maintaining controlled atmospheric conditions, and the inherent instabilities of PSCs under operation. Here, we address these challenges by introducing a high volatility, low toxicity, biorenewable solvent system to fabricate a range of 2D perovskites, which we use as highly effective precursor phases for subsequent transformation to α-formamidinium lead triiodide (α-FAPbI3), fully processed under ambient conditions. PSCs utilising our α-FAPbI3 reproducibly show remarkable stability under illumination and elevated temperature (ISOS-L-2) and “damp heat” (ISOS-D-3) stressing, surpassing other state-of-the-art perovskite compositions. We determine that this enhancement is a consequence of the 2D precursor phase crystallisation route, which simultaneously avoids retention of residual low-volatility solvents (such as DMF and DMSO) and reduces the rate of degradation of FA+ in the material. Our findings highlight both the critical role of the initial crystallisation process in determining the operational stability of perovskite materials, and that neat FA+-based perovskites can be competitively stable despite the inherent metastability of the α-phase.