bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rolling with the punches—How competition shapes the morphology of small passerines on small islands
Authors: Kelly David J. , O'Connell Darren P. , Ó Marcaigh Fionn , Kelly Seán B. A. , Karya Adi , Analuddin Kangkuso , Marples Nicola
Published: April 2024

Aim

Wallacea is a global biodiversity hotspot and Sulawesi is the largest island in this region, notable for a high proportion of endemic species. The Wakatobi archipelago, off the southeastern peninsular arm of Sulawesi, is home to several endemic bird species. Although islands are known to influence the morphology of their resident species, competitive interactions also exert strong influences on morphology. Here, we consider the contributions of both islands and competitors on two morphological traits of two bird species in a small passerine guild found on the Wakatobi islands.

Location

Wakatobi archipelago, Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia.

Taxon

Wakatobi White‐eye (Zosterops flavissimus) and Wakatobi Sunbird (Cinnyris infrenatus).

Methods

Working with morphological measures (from netting studies), population density metrics (from transect surveys) and fundamental data from islands (area, distance from mainland and elevation), we investigated (by means of multiple linear regression) which terms best explained variation in the body size and bill size of two small passerine birds endemic to the Wakatobi islands.

Results

Both island metrics and competitor presence/density were useful in describing the variation in body size of both bird species. However, only competitor presence/density was useful in describing variation in bill size of the birds. The best models describing variation in these traits included terms representing both interspecific and intraspecific competition.

Main Conclusions

Our findings indicate that simple island metrics may be useful in predicting some of the variation in some functional traits of island species. However, in this example, simple island metrics were insufficient to explain the full variation in body size of endemic birds across the Wakatobi archipelago and were of no use in predicting the variation in their bill size. As bill morphology frequently dictates diet and feeding niche, it is a trait which may determine population divergence and speciation. If simple island metrics fail to describe such diversification, it is surely important to capture that information in other ways.
Informal care provided in US nursing homes: Reduced from 2010 to 2021 and lower for Medicaid residents
Authors: Li Yue , Cai Xueya , Kim Yeunkyung (Yoon) , Kim Jihye
Published: April 2024

Background

Little is known about the trend of informal care (unpaid care provided by family or other caregivers) provided to nursing home residents before or during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This study assessed this trend during 2010–2021, for all and Medicaid versus non‐Medicaid residents.

Methods

Using data from the RAND Health and Retirement Study longitudinal file, our study sample included a total of 2025 resident‐years (860 for Medicaid and 1165 for non‐Medicaid residents). We fit two‐part regression models to determine adjusted trends in average amount of informal care over time, and difference by resident Medicaid status.

Results

Informal care received by residents reduced substantially over time, from an average of 39.2 h in the past month of interview in 2010–11 to 23.2 h in 2018–19, and then to 11.2 h in the COVID‐19 pandemic (2020–21). The reduced hours were due to both reduced percentages of nursing home residents who received any informal care and reduced hours of care among those who did receive it over time. Multivariable analyses confirmed this trend and similar downward trends for Medicaid versus non‐Medicaid residents. Medicaid residents on average received 10.02 fewer hours of informal care per month (95% confidence interval −17.16, −2.87; p = 0.006) than non‐Medicaid residents after adjustment for resident characteristics and time trends.

Conclusion

Informal care provided to nursing home residents during 2010–2021 reduced over time, especially during the COVID‐19 pandemic (2020–21). Medicaid residents tended to receive less informal care than non‐Medicaid residents.
Histological assessment of microtia cartilage, a potential source of autograft tissue in ear reconstruction
Authors: Lam David D. , Hegde Neel V. , Patel Divya D. , Lakeland Daniel L. , Guardino Nicholas , Kochhar Amit , Mariani Francesca V.
Published: April 2024

Cartilage is a strong and flexible connective tissue that has many forms and functions in our body. While cartilage exhibits some forms of limited repair, for the most part, it is not particularly regenerative. Thus, in situations where patients require cartilage reconstruction, surgeons may use autografts to replace missing or damaged tissue. Cartilage tissues from different regions of the body exhibit histological differences and are in limited supply. Thus, it is important to characterize these differences to determine the most appropriate autograft source. In the case of microtia, a congenital deformity where the pinna is underdeveloped, reconstruction commonly utilizes cartilage sourced from a patient's own costal cartilage. This presents a potential morbidity risk. In this study, we evaluate the histological characteristics of microtia cartilage compared with normal auricular and costal cartilage obtained from human patients undergoing surgical resection. Histochemistry was used to evaluate cellularity, lipid content, and ECM content. Using a Bayesian statistical approach, we determined that while costal cartilage is the standard tissue donor, the microanatomy of microtia cartilage more closely reflects normal auricular cartilage than costal cartilage. Therefore, microtia cartilage may serve as an additional reservoir for cartilage during reconstruction.
Spontaneous resolution of eruptive papules following ablative laser resurfacing—Case report and review of laser‐associated eruptive keratoacanthomas
Authors: Nanda Rahul , Cohen Joel L.
Published: April 2024

Background

Keratoacanthomas (KAs) following laser treatment are a rare, but well‐described entity.

Aim

Herein, we describe a case of eruptive keratoacanthoma (KA) following laser resurfacing treatment and aim to better characterize laser‐associated KAs.

Methods

A literature search was performed on PubMed reviewing laser‐associated KAs including various characteristics: epidemiology, history of skin cancer, location, and number, type of laser, as well as the management and outcome.

Results

Fractional ablative was the most common type of laser triggering KAs, and most cases presented within the first month following treatment. The majority of cases of laser‐induced KA had a prior history of a malignant or premalignant skin neoplasm. Laser‐induced KAs were treated using modalities similar to KAs arising in other contexts.

Conclusion

Clinicians need to be knowledgeable and prepared to understand, and manage complications following laser treatments, as rare as they may be, including KAs.
Factors impeding physical activity in older hospitalised patients: A qualitative meta‐synthesis
Authors: Wen Peiting , Sun Lili , Shen TianTian , Wang Zhaodi
Published: April 2024

Background

Older hospitalised patients have low levels of physical activity and multiple impairing factors.

Aims

To systematically evaluate the perceived barriers to physical activity among older patients during hospitalisation, and provide reference for future intervention programs.

Design

Following ENTREQ, do a systematic evaluation and synthesis of qualitative investigations.

Methods

An exhaustive exploration was conducted across the CNKI, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, China Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science from their inception until August, 2023 to identify qualitative research on obstacles to physical activity among older hospital patients. The quality of the literature was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool for qualitative research. Meta‐synthesis method was used to integrate the results.

Results

In total, 8 literatures were included, 43 themes were extracted, and analogous research results were amalgamated to generate 10 categories and 3 syntheses: individual level, interpersonal influencing factors and hospital environment and resources level.

Conclusion

Older inpatients are faced with multiple barriers to physical activity. Medical staff should pay attention to changes in physical activity during hospitalisation, identify barriers to physical activity in older inpatients and provide references for promoting physical activity programs for the older.

No Patient or Public Contribution

This study is a meta‐synthesis and does not require relevant contributions from patients or the public.

What is already known

Older patients are at low physical activity levels during hospitalisation.

Older inpatients are faced with multiple barriers to physical activity.

What this paper adds

Factors of physical activity impairment in hospitalised older patients should be considered in the context of health status, psychological factors, motivation and social support.

Disease‐induced psychological fallout has a greater impact on physical activity in the older.
Meta‐regresses and the limits of persuasive argumentation
Authors: Melchior Guido
Published: April 2024

This paper provides a thorough analysis of two often informally stated claims. First, successful argumentation in the sense of persuasive argumentation requires agreement between the interlocutors about the rationality of arguments. Second, a general agreement about rationality of arguments cannot itself be established via argumentation, since such an attempt leads to an infinite meta‐regress. Hence, agreement about the rationality of arguments is a precondition for successful argumentation. As the paper argues, these plausible claims hold under the assumption that interlocutors are subjectively rational and follow their own standards of rationality when engaging in argumentation.
Exposure of satellite tagged bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) to transiting vessels in the Eastern Canadian Arctic
Authors: Martin Morgan J. , Halliday William D. , Ferguson Steven H. , Young Brent G. , Charish Rachel , Dawson Jackie , Fortune Sarah M. E. , Juanes Francis , Qaunaq Levi , Insley Stephen J.
Published: April 2024

Climate change poses new challenges to Arctic marine mammals, with increasing vessel traffic and associated underwater noise pollution emerging as significant threats. The bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus), an endemic Arctic cetacean, faces these new threats. The Eastern Canada‐West Greenland (ECWG) bowhead whale population migrates through areas with the highest levels of vessel traffic in the Canadian Arctic. Here, we document the spatial and temporal overlap between 36 satellite‐tagged ECWG bowhead whales and vessels equipped with Automatic Identification System (AIS) transponders during 2012–2017. We report 1,145 instances where vessels were within 125 km of a tagged whale, with 306 occurrences within distances ≤50 km. Overlap between vessels and tagged bowhead whales was quantified monthly within years to investigate individual whale encounter rates. Results indicate that ECWG bowhead whales encounter the majority (79%) of vessels annually during August–October, with the highest number of encounters (42%) observed in September. Encounter rates ranged from 0.25 to 0.51 vessels encountered per day per whale during August–October compared to <0.07 vessels per day in all other months in this study. To better inform conservation strategies, further research is required to assess bowhead whale behavioral responses relative to distance from vessels.
The effect of education given to hemodialysis patients based on the Roy Adaptation Model on fluid management, symptom control, and quality of life
Authors: Ozdemir Ozlem , Unsar Serap
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to determine the effect of fluid management, symptom control, and quality of life on education based on the Roy Adaptation Model. This randomized controlled study was conducted with the participation of 107 patients (53 intervention, 54 control). Data were collected using the “Patient Data Collection Form,” “Fluid Control in Hemodialysis Patients Scale,” “Dialysis Symptom Index,” and “Nottingham Health Profile.” The forms were filled out through face‐to‐face interviews with the patients in the intervention and control groups at the 0th (onset), 1st, and 3rd months. The patients in the intervention group were trained with an education booklet based on the Roy Adaptation Model. The results revealed that the education given according to the Roy Adaptation Model improved the compliance with fluid control, quality of life, and symptom control of hemodialysis patients. It is recommended that education based on the Roy Adaptation Model be systematically used by hemodialysis nurses. The results are limited to the population included in the study, and further research on hemodialysis populations is needed.
Numerical study of the Amick–Schonbek system
Authors: Klein Christian , Saut Jean‐Claude
Published: April 2024

The aim of this paper is to present a survey and a detailed numerical study on a remarkable Boussinesq system describing weakly nonlinear, long surface water waves. In the one‐dimensional case, this system can be viewed as a dispersive perturbation of the hyperbolic Saint‐Venant (shallow water) system. The asymptotic stability of the solitary waves is numerically established. Blow‐up of solutions for initial data not satisfying the noncavitation condition as well as the appearance of dispersive shock waves are studied.
Why do marionette lines appear? Exploring the anatomical perspectives and role of thread‐based interventions
Authors: Hong Gi‐Woong , Kim Soo‐Bin , Park Soo Yeon , Wan Jovian , Yi Kyu‐Ho
Published: April 2024

The pathogenesis of marionette lines involves a complex interplay of anatomical, physiological, and age‐related factors leading to the development of wrinkles around the oral commissures. This exploration delves into the distinct anatomical predispositions observed among different ethnicities, emphasizing the role of compact modiolus structures and muscle compositions. Notably, individuals of East Asian descent exhibit inherent facial structures that predispose them to pronounced sagging around the oral commissures during aging. The emergence of distinct facial lines, such as the commissural line and the melolabial fold, contributes to the formation of marionette lines. This specific wrinkle pattern, resembling a marionette puppet's mouth contours, is influenced by various factors like bone resorption, gravitational forces, fat compartment variations, muscle compression, ligament tethering, and skin aging. Treatment strategies for marionette lines encompass diverse interventions, including filler injections, botulinum neurotoxin, surgeries targeting fat reduction, thread lifting, and volumizing fillers. These approaches aim to address the underlying causes and mitigate the appearance of marionette lines. Botulinum neurotoxin injections, for instance, weaken specific facial muscles, reducing downward strain and aiding in tissue retraction. Anatomical considerations during procedures are crucial to avoid nerve or vascular damage. Delicate manipulation and precise entry points are essential to prevent inadvertent injuries, particularly concerning blood vessels like the facial artery and nerves like the mental nerve. Technical guidelines for procedures targeting marionette lines involve specific techniques like cogged thread reverse methods and volumizing thread placements. Attention to entry points, tissue engagement, and the direction of threads is crucial for effective treatment outcomes, minimizing complications, and ensuring patient safety.
Description and clinical relevance of the variable conformation of canine spinal arachnoid diverticula
Authors: De Frias Joao Miguel , De Decker Steven , De Stefani Alberta , Llabres‐Diaz Francisco
Published: April 2024

The conformation of spinal arachnoid diverticula (SAD) and their clinical implications are poorly characterized in dogs. This retrospective cross‐sectional study describes different SAD conformations in dogs and aims to identify if there is an association between SAD conformation and clinical features, localization, syringomyelia (SM) presence, concurrent vertebral condition, treatment option, and short as well as long‐term outcome. Sixty‐two dogs were included (12 cervical and 50 thoracolumbar SAD). All dogs with a cervical SAD had a cranial tethered conformation and were not included in the statistical analysis. Half of the dogs with a thoracolumbar SAD were cranial tethered, and the other half were caudal tethered. SM associated with SAD had a moderate prevalence in the cervical region (58.3%) and a high prevalence in the thoracolumbar region (82%). All dogs with the presence of SM and caudal tethered SAD had a cranial positioned SM, and all dogs with SM and a cranial tethered SAD had a caudal positioned SM. The SM absolute length and SM length/L2 ratio were significantly higher (P = .018, respectively) in the caudal tethered SAD compared with the cranial tethered SAD. The short‐term outcome was statistically different (P = .045) between caudal and cranial tethered thoracolumbar SAD, but not the long‐term outcome (P = .062). Multivariable logistic regression identified thoracolumbar caudal tethered SAD conformation had a better short‐term outcome (P = 0.017, OR: 0.043, CI: 0.003–0.563), independently of SM length measurements. SAD conformation in dogs can influence SM formation. A possible link between short‐term outcome and SAD conformation was found, but further research is warranted.
A Case Study of Marcus Rashford: The People’s Champion, a “National Treasure,” and an Inspirational Personal Brand
Authors: Vincent John , Harris John , Hill John S. , Lewis Melvin
Published: April 2024

This case study examined the English soccer player Marcus Rashford’s personal brand and illustrates the transformational difference celebrity athletes can make through social activism and advocacy for philanthropic causes through their skillful use of social media. It employed a textual analysis methodology and drew conceptual insights from the revised Model of Athlete Brand Image to chronicle how Rashford’s social activism and philanthropy resonated with his fans, followers, and the public on social media. His authentic social activism and philanthropic advocacy for disadvantaged and vulnerable children gave the nation a “feel-good” story during the COVID-19 crisis and enhanced his personal brand image. This case study recommends that future analyses of celebrity athlete personal brands should consider including three new categories in the marketable life section of the revised Model of Athlete Brand Image: social activism, cobranding partnerships, and awards and honors.
Analysis of the Flow Structure in a Supersonic Channel with Cavity
Authors: Seleznev R. K.
Published: April 2024

The results of numerical study of supersonic flow in a channel with cavity are given. The calculated oscillation spectra are analyzed using the fast Fourier transform. Two types of oscillatory modes can be distinguished in the resulting periodic self-oscillatory regime. The first type of the modes corresponds to acoustic vibrations caused by the passage of sound waves along the cavity and calculated using the modified Rossiter formula. The second type of the modes corresponds to the frequencies of flow-rate oscillations caused by mass transfer between the cavity and the external flow. It is shown that the flow structure is modified when fuel is supplied in front of the cavity. Active combustion occurs in the layer of mixing fuel and oxygen from air. The flow pattern demonstrates the onset of Kelvin–Helmholtz instability on the interface between the main flow and the reacted gas. It is shown that an increase in the supplied fuel pressure leads to a decrease in the oscillation frequency and an increase in the characteristic size of oscillations.
Personalised stroke evaluation and management: tailoring individualised patient care for hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
Authors: Park Zackary , Dunston Randy , Ranasinghe Tamra
Published: April 2024

Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) has an estimated prevalence of 1 in 5000–8000 individuals globally with pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) affecting approximately 15%–50% of HHT patients. Ischaemic stroke is a known complication of PAVMs that affects ≤30% of patients with PAVMs. Studies have shown that patients with PAVMs have ischaemic stroke a decade earlier than routine stroke. The predominant mechanism of ischaemic stroke in HHT patients is paradoxical embolism due to PAVMs, but most HHT-related PAVMs are asymptomatic. Additionally, HHT is often underdiagnosed in patients and poses a challenge to physicians due to its rarity. We present a case of a patient with ischaemic stroke who was subsequently diagnosed with HHT and found to have a PAVM on further evaluation. This case highlights the importance of using an individualised patient-centred stroke evaluation and screening for PAVMs in patients who had a stroke with possible or suspected HHT and definite HHT.
Generative artificial intelligence and non-pharmacological bias: an experimental study on cancer patient sexual health communications
Authors: Hanai Akiko , Ishikawa Tetsuo , Kawauchi Shoichiro , Iida Yuta , Kawakami Eiryo
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to explore the feature of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in asking sexual health among cancer survivors, which are often challenging for patients to discuss.

MethodsWe employed the Generative Pre-trained Transformer-3.5 (GPT) as the generative AI platform and used DocsBot for citation retrieval (June 2023). A structured prompt was devised to generate 100 questions from the AI, based on epidemiological survey data regarding sexual difficulties among cancer survivors. These questions were submitted to Bot1 (standard GPT) and Bot2 (sourced from two clinical guidelines).

ResultsNo censorship of sexual expressions or medical terms occurred. Despite the lack of reflection on guideline recommendations, ‘consultation’ was significantly more prevalent in both bots’ responses compared with pharmacological interventions, with ORs of 47.3 (p<0.001) in Bot1 and 97.2 (p<0.001) in Bot2.

DiscussionGenerative AI can serve to provide health information on sensitive topics such as sexual health, despite the potential for policy-restricted content. Responses were biased towards non-pharmacological interventions, which is probably due to a GPT model designed with the ’s prohibition policy on replying to medical topics. This shift warrants attention as it could potentially trigger patients’ expectations for non-pharmacological interventions.
Image-guided orbital surgery: a preclinical validation study using a high-resolution physical model
Authors: Khan Rizwana I , McElhinney Kealan , Dickson Andrew , Kileen Ronan P , Murphy Conor , O’Brien Donncha F
Published: April 2024

Objective

Preclinical validation study to assess the feasibility and accuracy of electromagnetic image-guided systems (EM-IGS) in orbital surgery using high-fidelity physical orbital anatomy simulators.

Methods

EM-IGS platform, clinical software, navigation instruments and reference system (StealthStation S8, Medtronic) were evaluated in a mock operating theatre at the Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, a tertiary academic hospital in Dublin, Ireland. Five high-resolution 3D-printed model skulls were created using CT scans of five anonymised patients with an orbital tumour that previously had a successful orbital biopsy or excision. The ability of ophthalmic surgeons to achieve satisfactory system registration in each model was assessed. Subsequently, navigational accuracy was recorded using defined anatomical landmarks as ground truth. Qualitative feedback on the system was also attained.

Results

Three independent surgeons participated in the study, one junior trainee, one fellow and one consultant. Across models, more senior participants were able to achieve a smaller system-generated registration error in a fewer number of attempts. When assessing navigational accuracy, submillimetre accuracy was achieved for the majority of points (16 landmarks per model, per participant). Qualitative surgeon feedback suggested acceptability of the technology, although interference from mobile phones near the operative field was noted.

Conclusion

This study suggests the feasibility and accuracy of EM-IGS in a preclinical validation study for orbital surgery using patient specific 3D-printed skulls. This preclinical study provides the foundation for clinical studies to explore the safety and effectiveness of this technology.
Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in trauma management: a comprehensive study of clinical indications and challenges
Authors: Wannatoop Tongporn , Phuangphung Peerayuht , Sornmanapong Tanut
Published: April 2024

Background

The application of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) in trauma resuscitation, including for profound shock and cardiac arrest, has gained prominence. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of patients who were transported to the trauma resuscitation area (the TTRA group) and those who died at the scene (the DAS group), aiming to identify suitable REBOA candidates and critical contraindications.

Methods

A descriptive research design was used. We retrospectively reviewed 1158 adult trauma patients managed at a level I trauma center in 2020 and 2021. The TTRA group comprised 215 patients who, upon arrival at the trauma resuscitation area, either presented with a systolic blood pressure under 90 mm Hg or were in traumatic cardiac arrest but still exhibited signs of life. The study included patients directly transferred from incident scenes to the forensic unit. The DAS group comprised 434 individuals who were declared deceased at the scene of major trauma. REBOA indications were considered for two purposes: anatomic bleeding control for sources below the diaphragm to the groin, and circulatory restoration in patients with profound shock or cardiac arrest. Absolute REBOA contraindications were assessed, particularly for aortic and cardiac injuries, with or without cardiac tamponade.

Results

Predominantly male, the cohort largely consisted of motorcycle accident victims. The median Injury Severity Score was 41 (range 1–75). Within the TTRA group, the prospective applicability of REBOA was 52.6%, with a prevalence of major hemorrhagic sources from the abdomen to the groin of 38.6% and substantial intra-abdominal bleeding of 28.8%. The DAS group exhibited a prevalence of major hemorrhagic sources from the abdomen to the groin of 50.2%, and substantial intra-abdominal bleeding of 41.2%. In terms of REBOA contraindications, the DAS group demonstrated a greater prevalence of overall contraindications of 25.8%, aortic injuries 17.3%, and concomitant conditions of 16.4%. In the TTRA group, the rates of overall contraindications, aortic injury, and comorbid conditions were 12.6%, 4.2%, and 8.8, respectively. Cardiac injuries were noted in approximately 10% of patients in both groups.

Conclusions

This investigation underscores the potential benefits of REBOA in the management of major trauma patients. The prevalence of bleeding sources suitable for REBOA was high in both the TTRA and DAS groups. However, a significant number of patients in both groups also had contraindications to the procedure. These outcomes highlight the critical importance of enhanced training in patient assessment to ensure the safe and effective deployment of REBOA, particularly in resource-limited environments such as ongoing trauma resuscitation and prehospital care.

Level of evidence

Level III.
QGP probes from a dynamical holographic model of AdS/QCD
Authors: Heshmatian S. , Morad R.
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we employ the gauge/gravity duality to study some features of the quark–gluon plasma. For this purpose, we implement a holographic QCD model constructed from an Einstein–Maxwell-dilaton gravity at finite temperature and finite chemical potential. The model captures both the confinement and deconfinement phases of QCD and we use it to study the effect of temperature and chemical potential on a heavy quark moving through the plasma. We calculate the drag force, Langevin diffusion coefficients and also the jet quenching parameter, and our results align with other holographic QCD models and the experimental data.
Regge trajectory relations for the universal description of the heavy-light systems: diquarks, mesons, baryons and tetraquarks
Authors: Chen Jiao-Kai
Published: April 2024

Two newly proposed Regge trajectory relations are employed to analyze the heavy-light systems. One of the relations is $$M=m_1+m_2+C'+\beta _x\sqrt{x+c_{0x}}$$

M
=

m
1

+

m
2

+

C
′

+

β
x

x
+

c

0
x

, $$(x=l,\,n_r)$$

(
x
=
l
,

n
r

)

. Another reads $$M=m_1+C'+\sqrt{\beta _x^2(x+c_{0x})+\frac{4}{3}\sqrt{{\pi }{\beta _x}}m^{3/2}_2(x+c_{0x})^{1/4}}$$

M
=

m
1

+

C
′

+

β
x
2

(
x
+

c

0
x

)

+

4
3

π

β
x

m
2

3
/
2

(
x
+

c

0
x

)

1
/
4

. M is the bound state mass. $$m_1$$

m
1

and $$m_2$$

m
2

are the masses of the heavy constituent and the light constituent, respectively. l is the orbital angular momentum and $$n_r$$

n
r

is the radial quantum number. $$\beta _x$$

β
x

and $$c_{0x}$$

c

0
x

are fitted. $$m_1$$

m
1

, $$m_2$$

m
2

and $$C'$$

C
′

are input parameters. These two formulas consider both of the masses of heavy constituent and light constituent. We find that the heavy-light diquarks, the heavy-light mesons, the heavy-light baryons and the heavy-light tetraquarks satisfy these two formulas. When applying the first formula, the heavy-light systems satisfy the universal description irrespective of both of the masses of the light constituents and the heavy constituent. When using the second relation, the heavy-light systems satisfy the universal description irrespective of the mass of the heavy constituent. The fitted slopes differ distinctively for the heavy-light mesons, baryons and tetraquarks, respectively. When employing the first relation, the average values of $$c_{fn_r}$$

c

f

n
r

($$c_{fl}$$

c

fl

) are 1.026, 0.794 and 0.553 (1.026, 0.749 and 0.579) for the heavy-light mesons, the heavy-light baryons and the heavy-light tetraquarks, respectively. Upon application of the second relation, the mean values of $$c_{fn_r}$$

c

f

n
r

($$c_{fl}$$

c

fl

) are 1.108, 0.896 and 0.647 (1.114, 0.855 and 0.676) for the heavy-light mesons, the heavy-light baryons and the heavy-light tetraquarks, respectively. Moreover, the fitted results show that the Regge trajectories for the heavy-light systems are concave downwards in the $$(M^2,\,n_r)$$

(

M
2

,

n
r

)

and $$(M^2,\,l)$$

(

M
2

,

l
)

planes.
Distinguishing pure and thermal states by Landauer’s principle in open systems
Authors: Xu Hao
Published: April 2024

Starting from Polchinski’s thought experiment on how to distinguish between pure and thermal states, we construct a specific system to study the interaction between qubit and cavity quantum field theory (QFT) in order to provide a more operational point of view. Without imposing any restrictions on the initial states of qubit and cavity QFT, we compute the evolution of the system order by order by the perturbation method. We choose Landauer’s principle, an important bound in quantum computation and quantum measurement, as the basis for the determination of the thermal state. By backtracking the initial state form, we obtain the conditions that must be satisfied by the cavity QFT: the expectation value of the annihilation operator should be zero, and the expectation value of the particle number operator should satisfy the Bose–Einstein distribution. We also discuss the difference between the thermal state and a possible alternative to the thermal state: the canonical thermal pure quantum (CTPQ) state.
Unveiling the silent majority: stance detection and characterization of passive users on social media using collaborative filtering and graph convolutional networks
Authors: Zhou Zhiwei , Elejalde Erick
Published: April 2024

Social Media (SM) has become a popular medium for individuals to share their opinions on various topics, including politics, social issues, and daily affairs. During controversial events such as political elections, active users often proclaim their stance and try to persuade others to support them. However, disparities in participation levels can lead to misperceptions and cause analysts to misjudge the support for each side. For example, current models usually rely on content production and overlook a vast majority of civically engaged users who passively consume information. These “silent users” can significantly impact the democratic process despite being less vocal. Accounting for the stances of this silent majority is critical to improving our reliance on SM to understand and measure social phenomena. Thus, this study proposes and evaluates a new approach for silent users’ stance prediction based on collaborative filtering and Graph Convolutional Networks, which exploits multiple relationships between users and topics. Furthermore, our method allows us to describe users with different stances and online behaviors. We demonstrate its validity using real-world datasets from two related political events. Specifically, we examine user attitudes leading to the Chilean constitutional referendums in 2020 and 2022 through extensive Twitter datasets. In both datasets, our model outperforms the baselines by over 9% at the edge- and the user level. Thus, our method offers an improvement in effectively quantifying the support and creating a multidimensional understanding of social discussions on SM platforms, especially during polarizing events.
A NOVEL MODEL FOR THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE HEALING TIME OF THE INERT FILM AND THE INCUBATION PERIOD OF LOCALIZED CORROSION
Authors: ZHAO MINGHAN , REN YI , CHEN DONGXU , WU HAODONG , LI JING , ZHOU YANWEN , WANG XIANG
Published: April 2024

A model for the relationship between the healing time of the scratched diamond-like carbon (DLC) film and the localized corrosion incubation period of metal was established. Based on model calculations combined with experimental results, the scratched DLC film on 13Cr stainless steel was able to heal within 10–16[Formula: see text]h in NaCl solution with an adsorbent-type corrosion inhibitor. However, the localized corrosion incubation time was 30–40[Formula: see text]h. Healing of the scratched DLC film can be completed before localized corrosion occurs. This model provides a theoretical reference for the scratch-repassivation of inert films in corrosion inhibitors solutions.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT IN ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING OF SS316 USING GRAPHITE POWDER DISPERSED IN BIODEGRADABLE PALM OIL DIELECTRIC
Authors: SETHY SUNITA , DAS SUDHANSU RANJAN , RANA JAYDEV , BEHERA AMIT KUMAR , GUPTA MUNISH KUMAR
Published: April 2024

In today’s rapidly evolving manufacturing industry, researchers and engineers are constantly seeking innovative methods to improve machining processes. One such area of interest is the use of electrical discharge machining (EDM) for difficult-to-machine metals like SS316. This research compares the performance and economic aspects of traditional EDM and powder-mixed EDM when machining SS316 using copper electrode. Graphite powder dispersed in biodegradable palm oil is investigated as a dielectric media with the aim of enhancing EDM performance. According to the findings, the analysis of the cutting performance of different machinability aspects revealed that using graphite powder mixed with palm oil as a dielectric in EDM outperformed conventional EDM relating to material removal, surface finish, surface hardness, electrode wear rate and hole overcut. The flushing condition and unique properties of graphite powder and palm oil, such as cooling, and thermal conductivity, contributed to the improved performance observed in EDM processes. These findings highlight the potential of graphite powder mixed with palm oil as a promising alternative dielectric in EDM, offering enhanced machining capabilities and improved surface quality. The total machining expenditure per part under PMEDM (INR 505.50) is lowered by 9.2% than expenditure under conventional EDM (INR 525). The surface microhardness of the machined component attained using graphite powder-mixed EDM is enhanced in comparison to that achieved using standard EDM due to the creation of a carbon-rich re-solidified layer.
Efficient Design and Implementation of QCA SISO Shift Register Circuits for Nanocomputing
Authors: Niknezhad Divshali Mojtaba , Rezai Abdalhossein
Published: April 2024

The most promising emerging technology that can reduce the power, area and delay in digital circuits is Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) technology. The Serial Input-Serial Output (SISO) Shift Register (SR) is a basic component in digital circuits. The SISO SR can be designed using two methods in the QCA technology, directly mapping circuits from the CMOS technology and using the inherent capability of the QCA technology. This paper presents and evaluates the new [Formula: see text]-bit QCA SISO SR that not only uses the inherent capability of QCA technology but also has a regular architecture. The proposed [Formula: see text]-bit SISO SR is developed based on the building block, which is designed in this paper. In addition, the developed QCA SISO SR has coplanar architecture and it has the ability to correct or change data. The proposed [Formula: see text]-bit SISO SR is evaluated for 3, 4 and 5 bits using QCADesigner-[Formula: see text]. The results demonstrate that the designed circuits for 3-, 4- and 5-bit QCA SISO SRs require 68 (0.06 [Formula: see text]m[Formula: see text], 92 (0.08[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m[Formula: see text] and 116 (0.09[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m[Formula: see text] cells (area), respectively. The comparison demonstrates that the developed QCA SISO SRs have advantages in comparison to other QCA SISO SR circuits.
Chromatic choosability for some classes of perfect graphs
Authors: Vasudevan Nandana K. , Geetha J. , Somasundaram K.
Published: April 2024

A graph [Formula: see text] is called [Formula: see text]-list colorable if there is a vertex coloring of [Formula: see text] in which the color assigned to a vertex [Formula: see text] is chosen from a list [Formula: see text] associated with this vertex. We say [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-choosable if all lists [Formula: see text] have the cardinality [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-list colorable for all possible assignments of such lists. A graph [Formula: see text] is said to be chromatic choosable if its chromatic and list chromatic numbers are equal. Investigation of [Formula: see text]-choosable graphs is one of the open problems. In this paper, we investigate this problem for classes of perfect graphs.
Identification of Novel Molecular and Clinical Biomarkers of Survival in Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients: A Study Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas Data
Authors: Esteves Luísa , Caramelo Francisco , Roda Domingos , Carreira Isabel Marques , Melo Joana Barbosa , Ribeiro Ilda Patrícia
Published: April 2024

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent type of brain tumour; although advancements in treatment have been made, the median survival time for GBM patients has persisted at 15 months. This study is aimed at investigating the genetic alterations and clinical features of GBM patients to find predictors of survival. GBM patients’ methylation and gene expression data along with clinical information from TCGA were retrieved. The most overrepresented pathways were identified independently for each omics dataset. From the genes found in at least 30% of these pathways, one gene that was identified in both sets was further examined using the Kaplan-Meier method for survival analysis. Additionally, three groups of patients who started radio and chemotherapy at different times were identified, and the influence of these variations in treatment modality on patient survival was evaluated. Four pathways that seemed to negatively impact survival and two with the opposite effect were identified. The methylation status of PRKCB was highlighted as a potential novel biomarker for patient survival. The study also found that treatment with chemotherapy prior to radiotherapy can have a significant impact on patient survival, which could lead to improvements in clinical management and therapeutic approaches for GBM patients.
Supplementary Table S5 from Genome-Wide CRISPR Screens Identify Multiple Synthetic Lethal Targets That Enhance KRASG12C Inhibitor Efficacy
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Suman , Huang Hsin-Yi , Lin Ziyan , Ranieri Michela , Li Shuai , Sahu Soumyadip , Liu Yingzhuo , Ban Yi , Guidry Kayla , Hu Hai , Lopez Alfonso , Sherman Fiona , Tan Yi Jer , Lee Yeuan Ting , Armstrong Amanda P. , Dolgalev Igor , Sahu Priyanka , Zhang Tinghu , Lu Wenchao , Gray Nathanael S. , Christensen James G. , Tang Tracy T. , Velcheti Vamsidhar , Khodadadi-Jamayran Alireza , Wong Kwok-Kin , Neel Benjamin G.
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Table S5
MaGeCK analysis of TNO155 CRISPR/Cas9 screens of NSCLC cell lines
Supplementary Table S4 from Genome-Wide CRISPR Screens Identify Multiple Synthetic Lethal Targets That Enhance KRASG12C Inhibitor Efficacy
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Suman , Huang Hsin-Yi , Lin Ziyan , Ranieri Michela , Li Shuai , Sahu Soumyadip , Liu Yingzhuo , Ban Yi , Guidry Kayla , Hu Hai , Lopez Alfonso , Sherman Fiona , Tan Yi Jer , Lee Yeuan Ting , Armstrong Amanda P. , Dolgalev Igor , Sahu Priyanka , Zhang Tinghu , Lu Wenchao , Gray Nathanael S. , Christensen James G. , Tang Tracy T. , Velcheti Vamsidhar , Khodadadi-Jamayran Alireza , Wong Kwok-Kin , Neel Benjamin G.
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Table S4
MaGeCK analysis of MRTX-849/TNO155 CRISPR/Cas9 screens of NSCLC cell lines
Supplementary Table S1 from Genome-Wide CRISPR Screens Identify Multiple Synthetic Lethal Targets That Enhance KRASG12C Inhibitor Efficacy
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Suman , Huang Hsin-Yi , Lin Ziyan , Ranieri Michela , Li Shuai , Sahu Soumyadip , Liu Yingzhuo , Ban Yi , Guidry Kayla , Hu Hai , Lopez Alfonso , Sherman Fiona , Tan Yi Jer , Lee Yeuan Ting , Armstrong Amanda P. , Dolgalev Igor , Sahu Priyanka , Zhang Tinghu , Lu Wenchao , Gray Nathanael S. , Christensen James G. , Tang Tracy T. , Velcheti Vamsidhar , Khodadadi-Jamayran Alireza , Wong Kwok-Kin , Neel Benjamin G.
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Table S1
MaGeCK analysis of MRTX-849 CRISPR/Cas9 SL screens of NSCLC cell lines
Supplementary Figure Legend from Genome-Wide CRISPR Screens Identify Multiple Synthetic Lethal Targets That Enhance KRASG12C Inhibitor Efficacy
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Suman , Huang Hsin-Yi , Lin Ziyan , Ranieri Michela , Li Shuai , Sahu Soumyadip , Liu Yingzhuo , Ban Yi , Guidry Kayla , Hu Hai , Lopez Alfonso , Sherman Fiona , Tan Yi Jer , Lee Yeuan Ting , Armstrong Amanda P. , Dolgalev Igor , Sahu Priyanka , Zhang Tinghu , Lu Wenchao , Gray Nathanael S. , Christensen James G. , Tang Tracy T. , Velcheti Vamsidhar , Khodadadi-Jamayran Alireza , Wong Kwok-Kin , Neel Benjamin G.
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Figure Legends
Statins Do Not Significantly Affect Oxidative Nitrosative Stress Biomarkers in the PREVENT Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Makhlin Igor , Demissei Biniyam G. , D'Agostino Ralph , Hundley W. Greg , Baleanu-Gogonea Camelia , Wilcox Nicholas S. , Chen Anna , Smith Amanda M. , O'Connell Nathaniel Sean , Januzzi James L. , Lesser Glenn J. , Scherrer-Crosbie Marielle , Ibáñez Borja , Tang W.H. Wilson , Ky Bonnie
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

Preventing Anthracycline Cardiovascular Toxicity with Statins (PREVENT; NCT01988571) randomized patients with breast cancer or lymphoma receiving anthracyclines to atorvastatin 40 mg daily or placebo. We evaluated the effects of atorvastatin on oxidative and nitrosative stress biomarkers, and explored whether these biomarkers could explain the lack of effect of atorvastatin on LVEF (left ventricular ejection fraction) in PREVENT.

Patients and Methods:

Blood samples were collected and cardiac MRI was performed before doxorubicin initiation and at 6 and 24 months. Thirteen biomarkers [arginine–nitric oxide metabolites, paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity, and myeloperoxidase] were measured. Dimensionality reduction using principal component analysis was used to define biomarker clusters. Linear mixed-effects models determined the changes in biomarkers over time according to treatment group. Mediation analysis determined whether biomarker clusters explained the lack of effect of atorvastatin on LVEF.

Results:

Among 202 participants with available biomarkers, median age was 53 years; 86.6% had breast cancer; median LVEF was 62%. Cluster 1 levels, reflecting arginine methylation metabolites, were lower over time with atorvastatin, although this was not statistically significant (P = 0.081); Cluster 2 levels, reflecting PON-1 activity, were significantly lower with atorvastatin (P = 0.024). There were no significant changes in other biomarker clusters (P > 0.05). Biomarker clusters did not mediate an effect of atorvastatin on LVEF (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:

Atorvastatin demonstrated very modest effects on oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers in this low cardiovascular risk population. Our findings provide potential mechanistic insight into the lack of effect of atorvastatin on LVEF in the PREVENT trial.
Supplementary Figure S5 from XTX301, a Tumor-Activated Interleukin-12 Has the Potential to Widen the Therapeutic Index of IL12 Treatment for Solid Tumors as Evidenced by Preclinical Studies
Authors: Patel Ekta , Malkova Natalia V. , Crowe David , Pederzoli-Ribeil Magali , Fantini Damiano , Fanny Manoussa , Madala Hanumantha Rao , Jenkins Kurt A. , Yerov Oleg , Greene Justin , Guzman Wilson , O'Toole Caitlin , Taylor Jacob , O'Donnell Rebekah K. , Johnson Parker , Lanter Bernard B. , Ames Brian , Chen Jia , Vu Sallyann , Wu Hsin-Jung , Cantin Susan , McLaughlin Megan , Hsiao Yu-Shan S. , Tomar Dheeraj S. , Rozenfeld Raphael , Thiruneelakantapillai Lakshmanan , O'Hagan Ronan C. , Nicholson Benjamin , O'Neil Jennifer , Bialucha Carl Uli
Published: April 2024

Supplemental Figure S5: IFN-γ production in plasma: MC38 tumor-bearing mice were treated with the indicated doses of mXT301 or unmasked control. Plasma IFN-γ concentration was measured by MSD assay at indicated time points. The data represent mean ± SEM, N = 3 to 5 mice per group, and IFN-γ level was assessed by a two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post-hoc pairwise comparison test compared to vehicle (PBS) treated animals (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.005, ****p < 0.0001)
Supplementary Figure S2 from XTX301, a Tumor-Activated Interleukin-12 Has the Potential to Widen the Therapeutic Index of IL12 Treatment for Solid Tumors as Evidenced by Preclinical Studies
Authors: Patel Ekta , Malkova Natalia V. , Crowe David , Pederzoli-Ribeil Magali , Fantini Damiano , Fanny Manoussa , Madala Hanumantha Rao , Jenkins Kurt A. , Yerov Oleg , Greene Justin , Guzman Wilson , O'Toole Caitlin , Taylor Jacob , O'Donnell Rebekah K. , Johnson Parker , Lanter Bernard B. , Ames Brian , Chen Jia , Vu Sallyann , Wu Hsin-Jung , Cantin Susan , McLaughlin Megan , Hsiao Yu-Shan S. , Tomar Dheeraj S. , Rozenfeld Raphael , Thiruneelakantapillai Lakshmanan , O'Hagan Ronan C. , Nicholson Benjamin , O'Neil Jennifer , Bialucha Carl Uli
Published: April 2024

Supplemental Figure S2: XTX301 demonstrates enhanced activity upon proteolytic cleavage in primary cells. (a) Primary mouse splenocytes were pre-activated with PMA & Ionomycin and then incubated with varying doses of rm IL-12 and murine surrogate test articles for 24 hours, and supernatants were assessed by IFN-γ ELISA. (b) Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were preactivated with PMA + Ionomycin and incubated with test articles for 4 days and (c) Cynomolgus monkey PBMCs were preactivated with PMA + Ionomycin and incubated with varying doses of rhIL-12 and test articles for 24 hours and evaluated for IFN-γ production by ELISA.