bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF 3-CHLOROPHENOL USING Pd/Ag DOPED ON P25 DEGUSSA TiO2 NANOPARTICLE WITH UV RADIATION
Authors: Aroh A. O , Gimba C. E , Omoniyi K. I. , Abba K. I. , Yilleng M. T
Published: January 2024

Photocatalytic degradation of 3-chlorophenol was investigated using Pd/Ag doped on P25 Degussa TiO2. The Pd/AgTiO2 photocatalysts were prepared by sol immobilization method. A fabricated photo-reactor was used in photocatalytic degradation of 3-chlorophenol and monitored using HPLC. The experimental results indicates that doping of Pd/Ag on TiO2 increases the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2. The experimental results indicates that Pd/ TiO2 has a photodegradation efficiency of 40.44% while Ag/TiO2 has a photodegradation efficiency of 60.44%. The dried catalysts were subsequently used again under the same experimental condition with a fresh 3-chlorophenol up to four (4) times. The result indicates that the re-used catalysts remain active for up to four (4) times of usage with minor reduction in activity, which is attributed to metal leaching. Ag/TiO2 has higher rate constant of - 0.019 than Pd/TiO2 which is -0.031, the rate constant for the degradation followed first-order reaction kinetics. The photocatalytic degradation of 3-chlorophenol indicates unstable degradation due to effect of inductive and mesomeric effect which is less on meta-position. The use of nanotechnology in wastewater treatment plants to curtail the environmental and health consequences of a widespread of organic pollutants should be encouraged.
Modeling of production processes in grain sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan: new solutions
Authors:   S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical Research University, Аidynov Z. , Daukharin Zh. ,   Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Khaliullin Zh. ,   Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: January 2024

The Republic of Kazakhstan is considered one of the countries with the highest potential for grain production in the world, since it has the appropriate infrastructure, the necessary sown areas, harvesting technologies, and human capital. At the same time, high competition and the tasks of ensuring food security of the state require a constant search for ways to improve the effectiveness and rationality of management decisions in crop production. The goal is to determine directions and trends for increasing the effective functioning of grain farming in Kazakhstan. During the research, methods of analysis and synthesis, mathematical modeling and comparison were used. Results - analysis of the volumes of wheat grown in 2010-2022. showed a positive vector of development, the average harvest increases annually by 228 thousand tons, in 2022 22 million tons were harvested in the Republic of Kazakhstan, this is the highest figure in the last 10 years. Of course, this is a satisfactory dynamic, but there are untapped reserves in the industry. Based on the production indicators of the regions of the republic cultivating this crop, the most effective of them were identified. For these purposes, the DEA method was used. Conclusions - the main target function of grain sector is to maximize the satisfaction of the population's needs for grain products. Other, no less important, its functions: creating a balanced market for grains and raw materials for the processing industry; more complete use of production capabilities in all areas of the grain product vertical of the AIC; reduction of losses at the junctions of production - transportation - processing - grain trade. Structural proportions in the development of the grain product subcomplex become a significant factor ensuring its sustainable functioning.
Creation of financial business models in beef cattle breeding: structure and stages
Authors:   Toraighyrov University, Pavlodar, Aiguzhinova D. , Altaibayeva Zh. ,   Toraighyrov University, Pavlodar, Mutallyapova Sh. ,   S.Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical Research University
Published: January 2024

The goal is to develop an algorithm for financial modeling of business processes in beef cattle breeding. Methods – general scientific and empirical. The logical method was used to determine the structure of the study and identify cause-and-effect relationships. The collected material is systematized, summarized and analyzed taking into account the technological features of the industry, modern market conditions, regulatory requirements, financing criteria and government measures to support agricultural producers in the republic. Methods of synthesis, comparison, comparison, and mathematical calculations were also used. Results - the authors proposed financial business model that promotes flexibility in planning production program for keeping and raising livestock for meat. The advantages of financial model in cattle breeding for meat productivity are substantiated as an effective tool for information support, planning, analysis and management decision-making, consisting in the fact that the content of each component of the mathematical financial model allows you to study their components and collect information necessary for financial and economic calculations. The composition of the elements for constructing a financial strategy for breeding beef cattle has been determined, including initial data, analytical calculations, and resulting parameters. A step-by-step algorithm for financial business planning has been created, from initial parameters and assumptions to the calculation of technological and economic efficiency indicators. Conclusions - based on financial modeling of business processes, farmers will have the opportunity to preliminarily assess profitability, find savings reserves, and predict costs for intensive beef cattle farming. A comprehensive business analysis with a financial model and assessment of the market situation is necessary in order to obtain a loan, attract investment and prepare an investment project.
Europeizacija nacionalnog političkog sustava kroz provedbu politikâ Europske unije
Authors: Špehar Hrvoje , Merković Matija
Published: January 2024

U radu se istražuje europeizacija nacionalne politike u kontekstu institucionalne prilagodbe za provedbu politika Europske unije, kao posebnogadijela koncepta europeizacije u europskim studijama. Institucionalna prilagodba samo je jedan od aspekata tog istraživačkog koncepta, s obziromna to da jednaku vrijednost koncept europeizacije ima i za područja istraživanja transfera javnih politika, stvaranje europskoga prava, kao i za čitav niz drugih procesa adaptacije i konvergencije koji stvaraju tu distinktivnu strukturu vladavine. Rad se bavi institucionalnom prilagodbom u pogledu njezinih prednosti i rizika tijekom implementacije europskih politika, kao i provedbe mozaičnih i brojnih europskih projekata. Opisuje se na koji način institucionalna dinamika, naročito ona u kojoj su države članice dominantni akteri, ostvaruje ciljeve provedbe europskih politika te kojim se institucionalizacijama Europska unija vodila u stvaranju toga kompleksnog političkog sustava. Prije svega istražuje se institucionalna i policy prilagodba kao rezultat višestrukih kompromisa tijekom povijesno-institucionalnog razvoja, nakon čega se analiziraju političke prednosti i rizici institucionalne europeizacije.
Impact of gastronomic experience on the image of Continental Croatia as a tourist destination
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Hotel Management and Tourism in Vrnjačka Banja, Serbia, Podovac Milena , Perić Goran ,   Toplica Academy of Applied Studies, Department of Business Studies Blace, Serbia, Milojica Vedran ,   Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management Opatija, University of Rijeka, Republic of Croatia
Published: January 2024

Although the attractiveness of the destination is the primary factor that influences the choice of travel destination, in recent times, the tourist experience and the experience of tourists are also greatly influenced by the gastronomic offer. In addition to the fact that tourists want to spend their vacation in a pleasant and safe environment, the experience they gain by consuming the authentic gastronomic specialties of a certain area is also very important for them. So, it can be pointed out that food also has an important influence on the satisfaction of tourists. Therefore, the authors of this paper analyze the gastronomic experience of tourists on the example of Continental Croatia, on whose territory there are already profiled tourist destinations with a developed gastronomic offer. Examining the attitudes of tourists about the indicators that describe the gastronomic experience based on well-founded research and studies, the authors of the study found that tourists who stayed in the area of Continental Croatia show a high degree of satisfaction with the gastronomic experience. It has also been proven that previous gastronomic experience is positively related to the destination image of Continental Croatia.
Kandungan ADF dan NDF Fermentasi Pakan Kombinasi Jerami Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea), Dedak Padi dan Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum)
Authors: Gumelar Agung , Munir Munir , Kadir Muhammad Jurhadi
Published: January 2024

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan ADF (acid detergent fiber) dan NDF (neutral detergent fiber) fermentasi pakan kombinasi jerami kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea), dedak padi dan rumput gajah (Pennisetum purpureum). Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan sehingga terdapat 12 unit percobaan. Perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu P1 : 60% rumput gajah + 35% jerami kacang tanah + 5% dedak padi, P2 : 60% rumput gajah + 30% jerami kacang tanah + 10% dedak padi, P3 : 60% rumput gajah + 25% jerami kacang tanah + 15% dedak padi, P4 : 60% rumput gajah + 20% jerami kacang tanah + 20% dedak padi. Berdasarkan hasil diketahui bahwa fermentasi pakan kombinasi jerami kacang tanah, dedak padi dan rumput gajah berpengaruh terhadap kandungan ADF  dan NDF. Perlakuan terbaik yaitu P4 dengan kandungan ADF (35.67%) dan NDF (44.98%) terendah di antara perlakuan lainnya.
Building Use Rights Extension Arrangements above Management Rights in Law National Agraria
Authors:   Master Student of Notarial Affairs Postgraduate Warmadewa University, Suardika I Ketut , Suwitra I Made ,   Lecturer of Faculty of Law, Warmadewa University, Wijaya I Ketut Kasta Arya ,   Lecturer of Faculty of Law, Warmadewa University
Published: January 2024

Land with building use rights over management rights used for public purposes often gives rise to legal problems because the provisions of Article 35 Basic Agrarian Law (BAL) in conjunction with Article 40 of Government Regulation 18/2021 paragraph (2) can be processed subjectively or have multiple interpretations. The formulation of the problem in this research is: What is the authority of the Management Rights holder to refuse the extension of Building Use Rights because the land is used for public purposes in terms of the principle of justice?; This research uses a type of normative legal research. The theories used to analyze the problem are: Justice theory, Authority theory, Legal Protection theory. Sources of legal materials include primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. The approaches used are: Statute Approach, Case Approach, Conceptual Approach and Analytical Approach. Methods of analysis with interpretation: grammatical, systematic, sociological. The results of the analysis concluded: Firstly, the Surabaya City Government, in the realm of public law, has the authority to reject the extension of Limited Liability Company Building Use Rights Maspion because the land is used for public purposes, in the realm of private law when carrying out land use agreements, there is a procedurally unequal position of the subject which is not in line with the principle of justice "justice as fairness". Second, preventive legal protection, the parties agree that after the end of the period for granting Building Use Rights, the land will be returned to the control of the First Party and the building will remain the property of the Second Party, in this case the Second Party will prioritize the decision to extend the Building Use Rights. Repressive legal protection is carried out through litigation, by filing a lawsuit with the State Administrative Court. In Decree Number 65 PK/TUN/2020 that Limited Liability Company Maspion has the right to obtain an extension of Building Use Rights.
Sindicalismo docente nas instituições estaduais de ensino superior do Paraná
Authors: Marino Peterson Alexandre , Mandalozzo Silvana Souza Netto
Published: January 2024

Este artigo apresenta resultados de um estudo que trata o sindicalismo docente do ensino superior nas universidades estaduais paranaenses. Tem por finalidade discutir o sindicalismo docente no ensino superior e apresentar as seções sindicais do ANDES-SN que atuam nas sete universidades públicas estaduais do Estado. Para atendimento aos objetivos propostos foi feita uma abrangente revisão bibliográfica nos trabalhos acadêmicos que tem o sindicalismo docente do ensino superior como foco de estudo; foram realizadas ainda incursões empíricas junto à realidade de cada sindicato, mediante a pesquisa documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas, de modo a reconstruir a trajetória histórica e elementos atuais dessas organizações no Estado do Paraná. Como principais resultados, foram verificadas a estruturação e consolidação desse movimento organizativo já nos anos 1990, que ainda persiste em pleno funcionamento nos dias atuais em todas as IEES paranaenses.
Processos migratórios e sucessão familiar entre jovens rurais: análise dos processos identitários
Authors: Bonomo Mariana , Silva de Almeida Gesiane , Grassi Rodrigues Tayssa
Published: January 2024

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os processos de identificação psicossocial entre jovens rurais do estado do Espírito Santo (ES) com seus contextos de vida. Participaram do estudo 16 jovens rurais, com idades entre 19 e 29 anos, subdivididos em dois grupos: 1. jovens que nasceram em territórios rurais e que não vivenciaram a migração campo-cidade; e 2. jovens que migraram para áreas urbanas do ES. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais, e o conteúdo textual foi analisado por meio da Classificação Hierárquica Descente, com o programa Iramuteq. Ambos os grupos referenciaram suas narrativas positivando a sociabilidade rural de origem e destacaram os aspectos negativos do estilo de vida urbano, ao mesmo tempo em que ressaltaram a ausência de recursos significativos em áreas rurais aos seus projetos de vida. Discute-se as ambiguidades presentes no processo de mobilidade social orientando a dinâmica de identificação-desindentificação social com a categoria social .
Reflexões sobre a atuação profissional da/o assistente social em diferentes espaços sócio-ocupacionais
Authors: Zuin dos Santos Jaqueline , De Souza Guedes Olegna
Published: January 2024

Este artigo é resultado de um processo reflexivo sobre a atuação profissional da/o assistente social, a partir da análise das brochuras que fazem parte da coletânea organizada pelo Conselho Federal de Serviço Social “ Trabalho e projeto profissional nas políticas sociais” composta por 5 volumes, seu percurso metodológico também contou com pesquisa realizada junto aos artigos publicados na revista Serviço Social e Sociedade, entre os anos de 2010 e 2020, que de alguma forma dialogam com o trabalho do/a assistente social. O artigo foi escrito a partir de revisão bibliográfica e, originalmente, era parte de reflexões construídas em um dos capítulos da tese de doutorado de uma das autoras.  Contudo, na revisão da estrutura da tese, optou-se por extraí-las do capítulo com vistas à garantia de maior objetividade das reflexões lá apresentadas. Considerou-se, entretanto, apresenta-las sob a forma deste artigo. Assim, busca contribuir para as reflexões sobre a particularidade do trabalho do/a assistente social em diferentes espaços sócio-ocupacionais
O papel do Estado na questão socioambiental e Pós-pandemia
Authors: Weber Cristiano , Gomes Carolina Belasquem de Oliveira , Vechia Renato da Silva Della
Published: January 2024

O propósito deste artigo, em tempos de crise ambiental, sanitária e econômica, é discorrer sobre a importância da formação e efetivação do Estado de Direito Socioambiental para a realização das políticas sociais e ambientais. Em um primeiro momento, será contextualizada a formação do Estado Socioambiental brasileiro, destacando suas origens e consagração no texto constitucional. Após, abordar-se-á a importância da democracia na construção da questão socioambiental no Brasil. Tratar-se-á, também, da forma como a desigualdade social vem sendo desmascarada diante das deficiências das políticas sociais enquanto políticas públicas e como o Estado pode preparar-se para as próximas crises, onde, inclusive, se defende uma visão ecológica e sistêmica para solucionar as mesmas. Para isso, o método aplicado neste artigo tem por base tanto uma reflexão teórico-abstrata, como uma análise empírica sobre o evento imposto pelo novo coronavírus e demais crises do capitalismo. Conclui-se, evidenciando que não há mais saída para essas crises a não ser pela via do fortalecimento da democracia e do Estado Socioambiental brasileiro.
Research of medical students’ motivation for studying mathematical disciplines
Authors: Shatravkina А. V. , Anokhina G. I.
Published: January 2024

Mathematical disciplines within the educational programs of medical training are currently represented by a small number of auditory working hours. Most students do not focus on studying these disciplines, because they lack motivation. It is significant to examine motivational attitudes of medical students in relation to mathematical disciplines carefully in order to improve the teaching process.

The problem of the research is to define resources of medical students’ motivation while studying mathematical disciplines.

The research objectives are to reveal the incentives encouraging future doctors to study mathematical disciplines thoroughly.

The research methods used are the method of survey, the method of analyzing products of activity, the method of generalization and systematization of the data obtained.

The research results are the following: the incentives motivating medical students to study mathematical disciplines have been highlighted, the interconnection between motivational attitudes and students’ personal interests have been identified; the reasons influencing future doctors’ motivation to study mathematical disciplines have been defined; the principles of organizing mathematical training for medical students in the context of the motivational component of the university educational process have been named.

Key findings are: the quality of medical students’ performance depends on the nature of their motivational attitudes towards the type of the discipline given; enhancing practice-oriented component while selecting educational material has a positive impact on the dynamics of future physicians’ motivation to study mathematical disciplines.
Organization of fighter battalions and their activities during the Great Patriotic War
Authors: Tedeev Kh. V.
Published: January 2024

The article examines the organization of fighter battalions and their activities during the Great Patriotic War, as well as the role of the Soviet and party bodies in ensuring public security in the front line and in the rear areas of the USSR when using voluntary formations. The history of the creation and deployment of fighter battalions as effective forms of popular mobilization in the rear, for the effective fight against German intelligence, which intensified during the period of the enemy's offensive along the entire front line, has been revealed. The content of organizational and pedagogical technology for training the distribution of workers in deficient professions and specialties in the school system of factory apprenticeships has been revealed. The directions and content of the ideological work of the state, focused on the working people of the rear, have been examined. The problemthematic field of this article has been investigated both using the information array of the central authorities and using the historiographic material of the local territorial-administrative unit of the former USSR - the South Osetian Autonomous Region. The problem-thematic field addressed in this article was examined not only based on data from central government bodies, but also for the first time using historiographical materials from the central archive of South Ossetia - a territorial-administrative unit of the former USSR.
Practical aspects of using СhatGPT in higher education
Authors: Paskova A. A.
Published: January 2024

The past few years have seen unprecedented growth in technology development in the field of advanced artificial intelligence. One of the latest major advances was the release of a platform called ChatGPT in November 2022.

ChatGPT is changing expectations and practices in education; the teaching and academic community is concerned about the rapid pace of implementation of the chatbot in the educational process and the possible negative consequences of this implementation.

The relevance of the research is due to the development of artificial intelligence technologies, the rapid growth of the popularity of ChatGPT and the introduction of new technologies in the field of higher education.

The purpose of the research is to study the practical aspects of using generative neural networks in higher education.

The objectives of the research are to consider real cases of using artificial intelligence technologies in higher education and analyze our own experience of using ChatGPT in educational practice.

The methodological basis of the research consists of the following methods: analysis of Internet resources and literary sources, method of studying cases for research and generalization of teaching experience, synthesis.

The research results include the possibilities of using artificial intelligence technologies (using the example of the generative language GPT model) in the educational process of higher educational institutions, the advantages and disadvantages of integrating generative neural networks into the educational process of a university.

Key conclusions: Generative neural networks are a controversial technology, raising concerns about ethics and academic integrity in higher education, but are also discussed as a powerful tool for teaching and research. In higher education ChatGPT can be used to create learning materials, engage learners in subject-matter discussions, provide personalized feedback, develop assessment rubrics, and support interactive and collaborative learning, thereby enhancing learning effectiveness. In the process of introducing generative neural networks into the educational process, it is necessary to take into account the limitations of their use: lack of creativity, bias and inaccuracy, dependence on technology. Teachers must adapt their teaching methods to make the most of these powerful tools.
New trends in modern education
Authors: Tlevtsezheva М. А.
Published: January 2024

The restructuring of higher education should be considered as one of the urgent, most important tasks of accelerating the social and economic development of the state and modern personnel policy. Universities are called upon to have a long-term, ever-increasing impact on the accelerated movement of society, dynamic transformation of the economy, improvement of social relations, and radical restructuring of all aspects of life. Universities have a special role in the development of the humanization of the society and the spiritual culture of the people; for this it is necessary to ensure a transition to the training of general specialists based on a combination of fundamental, general scientific, general professional knowledge and areas of practical training, individually differentiating the content and terms of training for specialists with higher education depending on the nature of their future professional activities – design, technological, technical, engineering, management, research and other possible ones. It is necessary to strengthen the interdisciplinary connections of the disciplines studied, adapting the graduate to the needs of the market, moving on to training specialists with a training period of five to six years. No other sector of the economy has undergone such dramatic changes in such a short period. In this article the author made an attempt to conduct a retrospective analysis of the higher education system in the Russian Federation, highlighting existing problems and outlining possible development prospects.
Scientometric analysis of domestic dissertation research, containing the category of «patriotic education» in their titles
Authors: Pivnenko P. P. , Vitenko N. P.
Published: January 2024

The relevance of the research is due to the increased interest and need of specialists of various categories in studying the problems of patriotic education in the modern sociocultural situation. The problem of the research is to conduct a scientometric analysis of dissertation research containing the category «patriotic education» in their titles. The purpose of the research is to show the main directions of research activities to reveal the content of the main category – «patriotic education». The objectives of the study are to show the role of scientometric analysis as a quantitative assessment of the characteristics of dissertation research, the dynamics of presenting problems of patriotic education in the titles of dissertations, to draw conclusions for further study of this problem and to determine the possibilities of the direction of this work.

The research methodology consisted of a set of methods of scientific knowledge: scientometric analysis, synthesis, generalization. The research results. The article, based on the scientometric method, has examined dissertation topics containing the category «patriotic education» in their titles, presented in the section «Authors’ abstracts of dissertations» of the Unified Electronic Resource of the Russian State Library, which has made it possible to record given semantic units of the studied scientific and pedagogical content and carry out their scientometric analysis, design of further relevant research. Key findings. Quantitative analysis and substantive content of the thematic clusters presented in the article allow us to conclude that the process is not intensive, orderly and methodologically supported, and requires further and comprehensive study in the theoretical, methodological and practice-oriented field.
The category of «citizenship» as a pedagogical problem
Authors: Sirotkin O. E.
Published: January 2024

The problem of citizenship of the population has been one of the main problems of civilized countries for a number of centuries. In modern geopolitical conditions in the Russian Federation this problem has acquired a special scientific and pedagogical status, which is supported by a number of legislative and public initiatives. The implementation of the strategy outlined by the state for the formation of citizenship among the younger generation will be facilitated by a complex of pedagogical influences in different educational environments. This circumstance has made it possible to formulate a scientific problem, which consists in the need for a theoretical substantiation of the definition of «citizenship» as a pedagogical category. The purpose of the research is to theoretically substantiate the essence of the category «citizenship» as a subject of pedagogical discourse based on the ideas of humanitarian knowledge. To achieve this goal, the following methods have been used: analysis of scientific literature and regulatory documents, generalization, synthesis, logical modeling.

The research results: scientific facts have been identified that reflect the features of approaches to substantiating the category of «citizenship»; the components of citizenship as a pedagogical category have been substantiated; the high significance of the pedagogical approach in comparison with existing approaches in the interpretation of the category under consideration has been proven.

Key conclusions: «citizenship» has a diverse interpretation in modern humanitarian knowledge, most extrapolated in sociological and pedagogical research; the structural components of citizenship as a pedagogical category are cognitive, emotional, motivational-need, activity-based, and the result of its formation in young people is civic maturity. The system-forming factor in substantiating the concept of citizenship is the pedagogical approach, which forms the foundation of the substantiation, because lays down the vector and mechanisms for its formation in all institutions of socialization of the individual at all levels of education.
The evolution of the internal political situation in Libya after the overthrow of the Gaddafi regime
Authors: Ivashchenko I. S.
Published: January 2024

Researchers from Western countries and some Russian scientists initially enthusiastically classified anti-government protests and uprisings in the 2010s in a number of Arab countries in the Middle East and North Africa as «Arab Spring» or «Arab Awakening».

However, the consequences of these «springs» and «awakenings» in some countries of the abovementioned region caused less delight and more anxiety. Indeed, if Tunisia after its «Arab Spring» returned to stable development, in Egypt one general (Hosni Mubarak) was replaced by another (Abdul-Fattah al-Sisi), then in Yemen, and especially in Libya, as a consequence of the «Arab awakenings» civil wars occurred, that are still ongoing, and threaten the complete disintegration of the above-mentioned countries.

Based on the above, it is quite obvious that the analysis of the causes, the content of the main stages and consequences of the evolution of the internal political situation in Libya after the overthrow of the regime of M. Gaddafi in October 2011 is not only an urgent scientific, but also a political task. The purpose of the article is to analyze the reasons for the destabilization of the internal political situation in Libya since October 2011, the content of its key stages and consequences. When writing the text of the article, the following scientific methods were used: problem-chronological, comparativehistorical, periodization method, historical-genetic, historical-retrospective, etc. The development of the internal political situation in Libya since October 2011 has led the Libyan state to total disintegration. The Libyan statehood, which until October 2011 was not particularly strong and stable, is confidently drifting towards fragmentation and autonomy within not only individual regions, but even individual cities.
The Underground Railroad: main aspects of operation
Authors: Khapchaev S. T.
Published: January 2024

The relevance of the research topic. Wherever slavery existed, people attempted to escape, and American history is no exception. Sometimes such efforts took on organized and institutionalized forms, a notable example of which is the so-called Underground Railroad, a secret and organized system of resistance to enslavement by facilitating the escape of African Americans to northern states and other territories. In the chosen context of the research, the Underground Railroad can rightfully be considered one of the first mass movements for human rights not only in the United States, but also in the world.

The purpose of the research is to reveal the main aspects of the functioning of the Underground Railroad, since this problem is extremely poorly covered by domestic science.

The research is based on a scientific analysis of biographical data, literary sources, legal documents, materials from periodicals and has been carried out by applying the principle of historicism, comparative historical, problem-chronological, biographical and descriptive methods.

The research results demonstrate that, in order to prevent human trafficking, individuals, families, and communities with anti-slavery attitude created preconditions for the formation of a large-scale institutionalized system that stretched from the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Ontario east to the Atlantic coast, south to Florida and the Caribbean, and west to the border enclaves of Kansas, Texas, and Mexico.

On the basis of the research results, it has been concluded that the term «Underground Railroad», although it does not reflect the specifics of its activities, denotes a very real historical phenomenon. The organization and activities of the Underground Railroad became an important component in the difficult task of eradicating slavery in the United States.
Online courses in the educational process of a university
Authors: Bibalova S. A. , Leontyeva A. V.
Published: January 2024

Currently, e-learning content has become firmly established in the practical activities of university teachers. A lot of research is devoted to substantiating the possibilities of distance learning as a new format of education in the era of the digital revolution. The research problem is increasing the effectiveness of using online courses in the educational process of a university. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the possibilities of using online courses in the educational practice of universities as relevant content of a digital service. To achieve this goal, theoretical research methods were used (analysis, synthesis, differentiation, generalization, description), as well as methods of visual representation. The research results: the authors of the article have clarified the concept of «online course», determined the relationship between the categories «e-learning», «distance learning», «online learning», and considered a model of the structure of the online course; the advantages of using online courses for universities have been presented; The negative and positive aspects of the use of online courses by teachers in the educational process have been identified, and taking into account the analysis of experience accumulated in teaching practice, the most optimal options for using online courses at a university have been presented. Key conclusions: an online course is understood as e-learning content, which is an educational and methodological resource for conducting educational activities in the discipline; the optimal use of online courses in a mixed format (in combination with traditional classroom work). The orientation of universities towards the use of online courses in educational practice corresponds to current global trends in education.
The significance of folklore works for the social development of younger adolescents in the activities of a social pedagogue
Authors: Grishina I. S.
Published: January 2024

The article examines the importance of folklore works for the social development of younger adolescents in the activities of a social teacher. The relevance of the research is due to various social changes that have a direct positive or negative impact on the development of a personality. The most significant period of social development is adolescence, which is sensitive to expanding social space and increasing the number of social contacts of a teenager. In this connection, it is necessary to search for technologies with high pedagogical potential, which have enormous educational, cognitive, social, aesthetic, and developmental significance in the education and upbringing of young adolescents, which have a direct or indirect impact on their social development. The purpose of the research was to study the pedagogical possibilities of folklore works in the social development of younger adolescents in the activities of a social teacher. The author has analyzed the scientific literature on the investigated problem, which became the basis for the methodology of the research. Using theoretical research methods (analytical methods (analysis and synthesis), the method of generalization and structuring of scientific material), the high significance of the use of folklore works in the social development of young adolescents and its high pedagogical potential in the activities of a social teacher have been proven. It has been proved that pedagogical functions of folklore works can be realized, which significantly increases the social competencies of adolescents.
Pathways to prevention: insights on stemming HIV outbreaks in Larkana, Pakistan
Authors: Raza Hussain Ahmed , Raja Mohummad Hassan Raza , Khakwani Muhammad Mussab , Khakwani Minahil , Jamil Bushra
Published: January 2024

In the past two decades, Pakistan has faced multiple human immunodeficiency virus outbreaks, with Larkana appearing to be the hub of such outbreaks. While the previous Larkana outbreaks happened in high-risk populations, the alarming outbreak in 2019 occurred in a low-risk paediatric population, raising several concerning questions. Human immunodeficiency virus infections spilling into the general population is indicative of a steady increase in the number of cases, and the failure of control strategies to stem the concentrated epidemic from evolving. Although several causative factors have been identified from previous outbreaks, the one that occurred in 2019 may have been influenced by an additional, hitherto unexplored factor; child sexual abuse. The current narrative review was planned to summarise human immunodeficiency virus risk factors and causes identified in previous Larkana epidemics, to explore potential reasons for the outbreaks in children,
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Sustainable Transport of Goods in the Odra River Region in the Context of the Green Economy
Authors: Budziewicz-Guźlecka Agnieszka , Gutowski Piotr , Gutowska Ewelina , Lorenz Krzysztof , Łopatka Agnieszka , Bilan Svitlana , Gawlik Andrzej
Published: January 2024

The article addresses the issues related to sustainable inland waterway transport in the context of stimulating transformations towards a green economy. The considerations focused on the second-largest river in Poland – the Oder. The clear economic needs and benefits arising from the river’s regulation and the restoration of its transport capabilities were juxtaposed with the results of a study regarding the perception of these changes by the public opinion. To clarify, these were the residents of the Oder River Basin, thus people in the immediate impact area of the river.
THE PENAL ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM AS A SUBJECT OF PREVENTION OF RECIDIVISM
Authors:   Institute of Training of State and Municipal Employees of the Academy of Law and Management of the Federal Penitentiary Service, Peremolotova Liliana Yu.
Published: January 2024

In order to successfully prevent recidivism, it is necessary to study its specifics and main indicators, the personality characteristics of a recidivist criminal; to identify the causes, conditions and factors contributing to the commission of recidivist crimes. The study and analysis of these materials will contribute to a better prevention of recidivism, which is important to carry out constantly, in the interaction of law enforcement agencies (primarily the penal enforcement system and internal affairs bodies). The implementation of measures to prevent recidivism, based on a scientific analysis of the operational situation, criminological research data and the forecast of the state of crime, will allow employees of the penal enforcement system and internal affairs agencies to systematically carry out preventive and preventive work with persons in correctional institutions (during the period of serving a sentence) and at their place of residence, work or training (in post-retirement period). Measures to prevent recidivism should correspond to the realities of the socio-economic development of the regions and comprehensive crime prevention plans. For the effective implementation of these activities, it is necessary to form among the employees of institutions of the penal enforcement system an awareness of the need to apply theoretical knowledge in professional activities, a sense of responsibility in the performance of professional duties. The penal enforcement system, as a subject of prevention of recidivism, qualitatively performs the tasks assigned to it, however, the stability of indicators characterizing the state of recidivism indicates the need to develop additional measures for its prevention and prevention.
SUBJECTS OF ANTI-TERRORIST AND ANTI-EXTREMIST ACTIVITY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Chelyabinsk State University, Khlebunova Svetlana A.
Published: January 2024

The subject of the study is the subjects of anti–terrorist and anti-extremist activities in the Russian Federation (hereinafter — the Russian Federation). The main purpose of the study is aimed at identifying the main actors countering extremism and terrorism, as well as at forming an approach to their classification. The hypothesis of the study suggests that the subjects of countering extremism and terrorism presented in the current legislation as public authorities do not cover all participants in the legal relations under consideration. As the main research method, a comparative legal analysis of existing legal sources regulating activities to counter extremism and terrorism was used. As a result of the conducted research, the main circle of subjects countering extremism and terrorism has been identified, as well as the subjects that helped classify them have been identified. Conclusions reached by the author of the study: 1) the subjects of countering extremism and terrorism are both public authorities, civil society institutions and participants in international relations in the field of activity under consideration; 2) the identified links between the subjects allow them to be classified: a) by the level of management: federal, regional, local; b) by the quantitative composition: individual and group; c) by the territory of activity: domestic and international. The results obtained can be used to study the subjects of anti-extremist and anti-terrorist activities, as well as to improve the mechanisms for countering these antisocial phenomena.
PROCEDURAL ASPECTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF ATHLETES IN CASES “ANTI-DOPING PURITY”
Authors:   Legal Adviser of ООО “VEK”, Chernyadyeva Angelina S.
Published: January 2024

The article analyzes the peculiarities of international legal control over the use of prohibited substances by athletes and provides a comparative legal analysis of domestic and international rules to ensure the “purity” of sport. The paper shows that modern methods of international legal protection of athletes’ rights in this sphere are imperfect and need significant improvement. The author analyzed the procedural aspects of anti-doping inspections that affect the level of international legal protection of athletes’ rights, using the example of the situation with the Russian figure skater K. Valieva. The legal shortcomings of the anti-doping investigation against the Russian figure skater related to the violation of human rights were revealed. It is shown that the regime of protection of the rights of juvenile athletes is conditional and cannot be considered effective. It does not comply with international legal standards of increased protection of the rights of the child (as a vulnerable person) and special conditions for bringing him/her to responsibility.
Comparative Analysis of COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Mental Health Effects on Children with Household Healthcare Workers vs. Those Without
Authors: Vallabhaneni Rohil
Published: January 2024

Purpose: The primary objective of this pilot study is to investigate and comprehend the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's mental health based on the presence of household members working in healthcare settings.

Methods: Permission was secured from the Research Department of a densely populated county in the state of Georgia. Subsequently, an online survey was conducted among participants consisting of high school and middle school students, aiming to evaluate their mental health experiences three years following the onset of the pandemic in the United States. The survey included questions related to fear, sadness, preferences for online schooling, changes in sleeping habits, and whether anyone in the household worked in a healthcare setting. Responses were collected on a Likert scale with options "Yes," "No," and "Maybe."

Findings: Among both groups of children about two thirds reported no increase in fear three years after the onset of pandemic. Around 25% of the children in both groups reported increased sadness. The majority of children in either group did not prefer online schooling.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: This survey underscores the need to consider household dynamics, specifically the presence of healthcare workers, when addressing children's sleeping habits during global stress situations such as pandemics.
Does the Scouting Combine Influence a Player's Standing in the NFL Draft?
Authors: West Thomas , Donahue Drew , Kogan Theo , Sommers Paul Martin
Published: January 2024

The annual scouting combine gives National Football League (NFL) teams an opportunity to assess over four days the skills of that year’s most promising college football players.  The authors merge two data sets on over one thousand draft eligible football players spanning the ten-year period between 2014 and 2023 on their ultimate draft pick numbers and selected combine test results.  Combine test results are converted to z-scores, that is, each participant’s number of standard deviations above or below the average performance in that year’s particular combine test.  Wide receivers’ standing in the NFL’s draft correlates well with combine test results in the 40-yard dash.  However, the authors find little-to-no relationship between combine test results and draft pick status over the last five years (let alone the last ten) for defensive backs, running backs, and defensive linemen who participated in, respectively, the vertical leap, broad jump, and bench press repetitions.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Fabry Disease - A Review
Authors: Becker Kelsey , Raimondi Stacey
Published: January 2024

Fabry disease is a rare lysosomal storage disease that is caused by the irregular degradation of a fatty acid. This disease causes a multisystem disorder affecting mainly the heart and kidneys due to the accumulation of the fatty acid Gb3. There is a classical presentation of Fabry, where patients show symptoms in childhood or early adolescence as well as late onset where patients show symptoms later in life in the third or fourth decade. Early diagnosis is imperative for the success of treatment. This review focuses on symptoms, diagnostic steps, treatment, and future research of Fabry disease.
Servo-controlled Semi-rigid Exoskeleton Designed for the Human Knee
Authors: Fu Runxing Kenneth
Published: January 2024

Musculoskeletal injuries are occurring more and more frequently, with one of the main causes being the increasing number of new patients who sustain knee structure injuries. Currently, exoskeletons that assist the knee joint are either fully rigid or soft systems, which induce the risk of misalignments due to the complicated nature of the kinematics of the knee joint or require additional anchors or mechanical parts that may cause discomfort or force unnecessary weight upon the user. In this paper, a semi-rigid exoskeleton principle is introduced. This exoskeleton addresses the concerns of both rigid and soft exoskeletons while performing the same benefits by establishing a pre-determined route for the tendon. This exoskeleton can provide up to 37.26Nm assistive torque to the knee joint. The system’s effectiveness was validated through a series of experiments which included testing its range of motion, total tensile force, and accuracy and safety of the pose detection system. The prototype had successful results, and the overall system is efficient, flexible, and easy to use. Future work will focus more on a customizable system in which the users can determine the amount of assistive torque force they need to be applied to their knee joint depending on their current physical ability.