bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is It Gender or Is It Race? To Kill a Mockingbird and Its Film Adaptation
Authors: Gonzáles Groba Constante
Published: January 2023

This article begins by exploring the national climate in which Lee’s novel appeared, at the height of the civil rights movement in the South, which had a crucial impact on its composition and reception. The major film studios were not initially interested in the novel, but independent filmmakers Alan Pakula (producer) and Robert Mulligan (director), influenced by existentialism, felt attracted to stories with strong dramatization over the spectacular. The film is famously characterized by the voice-over narration of the adult Scout, which embodies a paradoxical duality of perspective: the events are seen from the perspective of the young Scout but described in the language of a mature and articulate adult Scout. In the novel, the destabilization of gender norms is the central theme, and the protagonist is clearly Scout going through the pains of growing up female in a South with very strict definitions of gender roles. This dimension is not prominent in the film version, which gave in to the demands of the Hollywood star system and made the girl’s father, played by Gregory Peck, the main character, and made racism the main issue. The article concludes with a necessary reconsideration of Atticus Finch, subjected in recent years to the complaint that both the novel and the film convey the historically inaccurate message that heroic whites, instead of blacks, were the leaders of the anti-racist movements of the twentieth century. Atticus Finch no doubt remains tied to the accommodating values of his class and he never openly questions the structural racism of which he himself is part, but moral horizons of previous eras are often narrow in comparison with our own, and we should avoid the excesses of presentism and maintain the historical perspective that allows us to celebrate the courage and success of fictional white liberals like Atticus and real ones like Harper Lee herself, who could only speak as whites, not as black victims. Despite all its limitations, Mockingbird did contribute to making hearts and minds reconsider race in America, and it remains a socially and historically important film. Thus, we should at least acknowledge its merit in taking a stand during a period when many films avoided controversial racial matters.
Assessment Skills in Psychotherapy and Counselling: A Hypothetical Case of Procrastination and Resistance
Authors: Bellia Andrea
Published: January 2023

In this article I wish to demonstrate the value of a quality relationship and good communication in the therapeutic process of counselling and psychotherapy. From the very first session, it is important to establish a trusting interaction between the client and the therapist in order
to achieve a correct assessment and to establish a meaningful therapeutic alliance. The article focuses on the skills of the therapist which are needed in psychotherapy and counselling, and critiques the restricted dogmatic positions in the literature that classify cases and methods according
to pre-conceived criteria. I advocate for skilled therapists, who are able to use wisdom, discernment and intuition, and who are free from any binding external sources, so that they may assess every case according to its own complexities and uniqueness.
Design coletivo: grupos, movimentos e escolas do moderno ao contemporâneo
Authors: Moura Mônica
Published: January 2023

Design coletivo apresenta, ao longo da história do design, entre 1800 e 1990, as escolas, os movimentos e os grupos com propostas interdisciplinares, atuação conjunta e colaborativa entre as áreas do artesanato, da arte, do design, da arquitetura, da engenharia e de outros segmentos, como moda, estamparia, joalheria, espaços interiores e urbanos, sem separações, preconceitos ou corporativismos. Conhecer a atuação interdisciplinar, a somatória do conhecimento de diversas áreas na concepção, na criação e na produção que constituem um novo objeto, comum a todos os envolvidos, nos leva a perceber a essência do design e as bases do design moderno e contemporâneo. A pesquisa histórica reunida neste livro é parte dos resultados do doutorado da autora, à qual foi somada a vivência de mais de trinta anos nas salas de aula nos cursos de graduação e pós-graduação em design, fato que a levou a perceber a necessidade de comprovar que a ação coletiva, colaborativa e interdisciplinar existe no design há muito tempo, por várias gerações e entre diversas culturas.
Surface gap solitons and their stabilities in quasi-1D Bose-Einstein condensate with three-body interactions
Authors: Wang Qing-Qing , Zhou Yu-Shan , Wang Jing , Fan Xiao-Bei , Shao Kai-Hua , Zhao Yue-Xing , Song Yan , Shi Yu-Ren ,   Laboratory of Atomic Molecular Physics and Functional Material, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
Published: January 2023

The dynamical stability properties of surface gap solitons in quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate loaded in the interface between uniform media and a semi-infifinite Jacobian elliptic sine potential with three-body interactions are investigated numerically. Under the mean-fifield approximation, the dynamical behaviors can be well-described by the nonlinear cubic-quintic Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Firstly, many kinds of surface gap solitons, including the surface bright solitons, surface kink solitons and surface bubble solitons, are obtained numerically by the Newton-conjugate gradient method. The surface bright solitons can be excited in the gap only for the case that the chemical potential is negative and their power is beyond a threshold value. All of them are not bifurcated from the Bloch band. A class of surface solitons with new structures, named the surface dark solitons, can be formed when the three-body interactions are taken into account. The surface dark solitons can exist not only in gap but also in band. The numerical results indicate that the amplitude of the surface gap solitons decreases as the three-body interaction strength increases. Both linear stability analysis and nonlinear dynamical evolution methods are applied to investigate the stability properties of surface gap solitons. For surface bright solitons in the semi-infinite gap, there is a critical value when the chemical potential is given. The surface bright solitons become linearly stable as the three-body interaction exceeds the critical value, or they are linearly unstable. Therefore, the three-body interaction strength plays an important role on the stability of surface gap solitons. One can change the dynamical behaviors of surface gap solitons by adjusting the three-body interaction strength in experiments. Numerical results also show that both stable and unstable surface kink solitons exist. However, all the surface bubble solitons are unstable.
Peltier coefficient measured by steady-state method and transient-state method
Authors: Chen Shu-Quan , Wang Jian , Yang Zhen , Zhu Can , Luo Feng , Zhu Xin-Qiang , Xu Feng , Wang Jia-Fu , Zhang Yan , Liu Hong-Xia , Sun Zhi-Gang ,   State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China,   College of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China,   College of Material Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
Published: January 2023

In the study of the physical effects of thermoelectric conversion, the Kelvin relationship is a bridge between the Seebeck coefficient and the Peltier coefficient, which brings the cooling and power generation performance of thermoelectric material into a unified evaluation system and dramatically simplifies the measurement process. However, some theoretical studies have shown that the Kelvin relationship is not satisfied under nonlinear conditions. Meanwhile, the measurement results of some experiments do not conform with this relationship. There have been few studies on accurately measuring the Peltier coefficient that is the basis of validating the Kelvin relation and studying the nonlinear thermoelectric effect. Based on this, a kind of Peltier coefficient measuring device with a cantilever beam structure is proposed in this work. We measure the difference between steady-state temperature and transient-state temperature on the sample surface and obtain the Peltier coefficients by the steady-state method and the transient-state method, respectively. By this measurement, we can obtain not only the Peltier coefficient of the material at low temperatures but also the interface resistance of the material. The Peltier coefficients measured by the steady-state method and the transient-state method are consistent with each other at various temperatures. Both of the variation trends with temperature are consistent with the temperature-dependent theoretical values calculated from the Kelvin relation. Our measured values are about 20% larger than the theoretical values.
A modelling approach to estimate the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 during periods of high, low, and zero case incidence
Authors: Golding Nick , Price David J , Ryan Gerard , McVernon Jodie , McCaw James M , Shearer Freya M
Published: January 2023

Against a backdrop of widespread global transmission, a number of countries have successfully brought large outbreaks of COVID-19 under control and maintained near-elimination status. A key element of epidemic response is the tracking of disease transmissibility in near real-time. During major outbreaks, the effective reproduction number can be estimated from a time-series of case, hospitalisation or death counts. In low or zero incidence settings, knowing the potential for the virus to spread is a response priority. Absence of case data means that this potential cannot be estimated directly. We present a semi-mechanistic modelling framework that draws on time-series of both behavioural data and case data (when disease activity is present) to estimate the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 from periods of high to low – or zero – case incidence, with a coherent transition in interpretation across the changing epidemiological situations. Of note, during periods of epidemic activity, our analysis recovers the effective reproduction number, while during periods of low – or zero – case incidence, it provides an estimate of transmission risk. This enables tracking and planning of progress towards the control of large outbreaks, maintenance of virus suppression, and monitoring the risk posed by re-introduction of the virus. We demonstrate the value of our methods by reporting on their use throughout 2020 in Australia, where they have become a central component of the national COVID-19 response.
Targeting RNA:protein interactions with an integrative approach leads to the identification of potent YBX1 inhibitors
Authors: El Hage Krystel , Babault Nicolas , Maciejak Olek , Desforges Bénédicte , Craveur Pierrick , Steiner Emilie , Rengifo-Gonzalez Juan Carlos , Henrie Hélène , Clement Marie-Jeanne , Joshi Vandana , Bouhss Ahmed , Wang Liya , Bauvais Cyril , Pastré David
Published: January 2023

RNA-protein interactions (RPIs) are promising targets for developing new molecules of therapeutic interest. Nevertheless, challenges arise from the lack of methods and feedback between computational and experimental techniques during the drug discovery process. Here, we tackle these challenges by developing a drug screening approach that integrates chemical, structural and cellular data from both advanced computational techniques and a method to score RPIs in cells for the development of small RPI inhibitors; and we demonstrate its robustness by targeting Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1), a messenger RNA-binding protein involved in cancer progression and resistance to chemotherapy. This approach led to the identification of 22 hits validated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of which 11 were found to significantly interfere with the binding of messenger RNA (mRNA) to YB-1 in cells. One of our leads is an FDA-approved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) inhibitor. This work shows the potential of our integrative approach and paves the way for the rational development of RPI inhibitors.
The energetic effect of hip flexion and retraction in walking at different speeds: a modeling study
Authors: Jin Jian , Kistemaker Dinant , van Dieën Jaap H. , Daffertshofer Andreas , Bruijn Sjoerd M.
Published: January 2023

In human walking, power for propulsion is generated primarily via ankle and hip muscles. The addition of a ‘passive’ hip spring to simple bipedal models appears more efficient than using only push-off impulse, at least, when hip spring associated energetic costs are not considered. Hip flexion and retraction torques, however, are not ‘free’, as they are produced by muscles demanding metabolic energy. Studies evaluating the inclusion of hip actuation costs, especially during the swing phase, and the hip actuation’s energetic benefits are few and far between. It is also unknown whether these possible benefits/effects may depend on speed. We simulated a planar flat-feet model walking stably over a range of speeds. We asked whether the addition of independent hip flexion and retraction remains energetically beneficial when considering work-based metabolic cost of transport (MCOT) with different efficiencies of doing positive and negative work. We found asymmetric hip actuation can reduce the estimated MCOT relative to ankle actuation by up to 6%, but only at medium speeds. The corresponding optimal strategy is zero hip flexion and some hip retraction actuation. The reason for this reduced MCOT is that the decrease in collision loss is larger than the associated increase in hip negative work. This leads to a reduction in total positive mechanical work, which results in an overall lower MCOT. Our study shows how ankle actuation, hip flexion, and retraction actuation can be coordinated to reduce MCOT.
Um estudo de caso do controle social dos recursos do FUNDEB no município do RJ: desafios, dificuldades e contribuições do CACS na capital fluminense
Authors: de Oliveira Carlyle Tadeu Falcão , Da Silva Ted Jefferson Pereira , Oliveira Thais Andrade da Silva
Published: January 2023

O controle social dos recursos, destinados às políticas de fundo a ser empregado no incentivo à educação pública, é implementado por meio do Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica e de Valorização dos Profissionais da Educação (Fundeb). O acompanhamento do Fundeb em relação à distribuição, transferência e aplicação dos recursos direcionados às redes de ensino público, no âmbito dos três níveis de governo, é realizado por meio dos Conselhos de Acompanhamento e Controle Social (CACS). Este estudo visa identificar os desafios, as dificuldades e as contribuições do CACS Fundeb no Município do Rio de Janeiro (RJ), bem como construir apontamentos com vistas ao seu fortalecimento. Utilizou-se de um estudo de caso para explorar e descrever informações e características sobre o CACS Fundeb do Rio quanto às suas funções e estrutura básica, os desafios, as dificuldades e as contribuições apontadas pelos conselheiros do CACS. A percepção desses conselheiros foi que há pouca qualificação para o cargo, inexistência de remuneração, pouco debate em reuniões e entendimento superficial sobre contas públicas. Destacam-se como contributos desta pesquisa: a ampliação da base conceitual da área sobre controle social da Administração Pública; o aperfeiçoamento da gestão da política pública do Fundeb por meio de uma atuação mais efetiva do CACS Fundeb; a possibilidade de trazer para a sociedade carioca, uma reflexão sobre sua contribuição participação no controle social das ações da prefeitura em relação ao Ensino Básico municipal.
Melhorias em um sistema de gestão da qualidade (sgq) utilizando a soft system methodology (SSM) e o analytic hierarchy process (AHP)
Authors: Cordeiro Aline dos Reis , Da Silva Ethel Cristina Chiari , Valente Carlos Magno de Oliveira , Hermosilla José Luís Garcia
Published: January 2023

O sistema de gestão da qualidade compreende uma estrutura organizacional robusta, capaz de coordenar e controlar o processo operacional. É imprescindível para as empresas possuírem sistemas de gestão da qualidade que proporcionem padronização nos processos operacionais e melhoria continua. O ambiente dessa pesquisa trata-se de uma empresa moveleira de médio porte que, nos últimos anos, sentiu a necessidade de reestruturar seu Sistema de Gestão da Qualidade (SGQ) de forma que proporcione uma integração entre as diretrizes estratégicas e as funções operacionais da empresa. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é propor melhorias no Sistema de Gestão da Qualidade para a empresa desse estudo de forma que este dê suporte ao processo operacional, podendo proporcionar à empresa maior facilidade na coordenação de suas atividades operacionais e um controle mais eficiente do processo produtivo. Para realizar essa proposta de melhoria do SGQ, utilizou-se a Soft System Methodology (SSM) que é uma metodologia que oferece um processo estruturado e, ao mesmo tempo, flexível que visa solucionar problemas complexos e proporcionar melhorias, também foi utilizado o Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) que é um método de apoio a tomada de decisão e foi utilizado para a priorização de critérios. Destacam-se como principais contribuições dessa pesquisa, a exposição de melhorias do SGQ construído a partir das dificuldades e necessidades da empresa, apontadas por aqueles que fazem parte do SGQ ou que interagem com este nas atividades do dia a dia e, também, o detalhamento das melhorias propostas para o SGQ tendo como linha condutora os requisitos da ISO 9001:2015 com embasamento em metodologias e ferramentas capazes de estruturar problemas complexos.
Clinical Correlates of Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Erectile Dysfunction Attending the Family Medicine Clinic in a Southern State of Nigeria
Authors: Ikpae B. E. , Uriah S. S. , Dan-Jumbo A. , Dienye P. O.
Published: January 2023

Aims: This study aimed to provide evidence on the clinical correlates of type 2 diabetic patients with erectile dysfunction leading to improved quality of life. 

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Family Medicine Clinic of Braithwaite Memorial Specialist Hospital (BMSH) [now Rivers University Teaching Hospital] Port Harcourt. The data was collected from January 2012 to April 2012.

Methodology: This hospital-based study was conducted on 324 male type 2 diabetic patients using systematic random sampling. The data were collected with a structured questionnaire; and the level of erectile dysfunction was measured using the international index of erectile function. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 16. Logistic regression was employed to test associations between independent and outcome variables.

Results: Three hundred and twenty-four patients enrolled for the study. Only 31 participants (9.5%) had normal erectile function while 273 (90.5%) had varying degree of erectile dysfunction. Majority of the participants 205(63.2%) had diabetes above 20 years, more than half (64.9%) had poor glucose control, 169(52.1%) were overweight, while 284(87.6%) had normal cholesterol level and 186(57.4%) with elevated diastolic blood pressure. Duration of diabetes and diastolic hypertension were the only factors associated with erectile dysfunction p<0.0001 and p<0.004 respectively.

Conclusion: This study confirmed a high prevalence of ED in type 2 diabetic male patients especially among those with elevated blood pressure and those living with diabetes mellitus for many years.
Effects of Folic Acid Supplementation on Anxiety- and Depression-like Behaviours, and Locomotion in Captive male African Giant Rats (Cricetomys gambianus, Waterhouse – 1840) Subjected to Chronic Physical Immobilisation
Authors: Oko Jacob Akor , Sinkalu Victor Olusegun , Dzenda Tavershima , Ayo Joseph Olusegun , Jirgi Dorcas John , Dung Christopher Edward
Published: January 2023

The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of physical immobilisation and folic acid (FA) supplementation on neurobehaviour in African Giant rats, AGRs (Cricetomys gambianus, Waterhouse-1840). Twenty wild adult male captive AGRs were randomly divided into four groups of five rats each. Group 1 AGRs were neither immobilised nor administered FA. Groups 2 and 3 AGRs were subjected to physical immobilisation, which lasted six hours per day for 21 days. Group 3 AGRs, in addition, received FA-supplemented feed, at the concentration of 3.5 mg/kg feed for 10 consecutive days immediately following the immobilisation protocol. Group 4 AGRs were not immobilised, but received FA-supplemented feed as in group 3 AGRs. All AGRs were evaluated for anxiety- and depression-like behaviours, and locomotor activity using Elevated Plus Maze and Open Field Test, respectively. The results showed that both the percentage open arm entry and number of squares crossed were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in the immobilised AGRs (groups 2 and 3), but the reduction was less (P < 0.05) in those that received FA post immobilisation (group 3). The percentage open arm exploration was significantly (P < 0.05) lower, while the rearing activity was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the immobilised AGRs that received no FA supplementation (group 2). In conclusion, the AGRs that were subjected to chronic physical immobilisation displayed anxiety- and depression-like behaviours, and performed poorly in the tasks for locomotor functions. Post-immobilisation FA supplementation ameliorated the effects.
A Woman With Recurrent Torsade de Pointes
Authors: McCoy Cody , Miller John M. , Tanawuttiwat Tanyanan
Published: January 2023

A woman in her mid-40s presented to the emergency department after a fall with head trauma. During day 15 of admission, the patient had 3 episodes of torsade de pointes while taking 50 mg of oral metoprolol succinate daily. What would you do next?
Cutaneous Angiosarcoma
Authors: Klein Jason C. , Dominguez Arturo R.
Published: January 2023

This case report describes a large, purpuric plaque involving most of the right face with associated periorbital swelling but without ulceration.
Overexpression of synaptic vesicle protein Rab GTPase 3C promotes vesicular exocytosis and drug resistance in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Chang Yu‐Chan , Li Chien‐Hsiu , Chan Ming‐Hsien , Fang Chih‐Yeu , Zhang Zhi‐Xuan , Chen Chi‐Long , Hsiao Michael
Published: January 2023

Rab GTPase 3C (RAB3C) is a peripheral membrane protein that is involved in membrane trafficking (vesicle formation) and cell movement. Recently, researchers have noted the exocytosis of RAB proteins, and their dysregulation is correlated with drug resistance and the altered tumor microenvironment in tumorigenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms of exocytotic RABs in the carcinogenicity of colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unknown. Researchers have used various in silico datasets to evaluate the expression profiles of RAB family members. We confirmed that RAB3C plays a key role in CRC progression. Its overexpression promotes exocytosis and is related to the resistance to several chemotherapeutic drugs. We established a proteomic dataset based on RAB3C, and found that dystrophin is one of the proteins that is upregulated with the overexpression of RAB3C. According to our results, RAB3C‐induced dystrophin expression promotes vesicle formation and packaging. A connectivity map predicted that the cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) agonists reverse RAB3C‐associated drug resistance, and that these agonists have synergistic effects when combined with standard chemotherapy regimens. Moreover, we found high dystrophin expression levels in CRC patients with poor survival outcomes. A combination of the dystrophin and RAB3C expression profiles can serve as an independent prognostic factor in CRC and is associated with several clinicopathological parameters. In addition, the RAB3C–dystrophin axis is positively correlated with the phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate 3‐kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform (PIK3CA) genetic alterations in CRC patients. These findings can be used to provide novel combined therapeutic options for the treatment of CRC.
The breast cancer microenvironment and lipoprotein lipase: Another negative notch for a beneficial enzyme?
Authors: Bavis Makayla M. , Nicholas Allison M. , Tobin Alexandria J. , Christian Sherri L. , Brown Robert J.
Published: January 2023

The energy demand of breast cancers is in part met through the β‐oxidation of exogenous fatty acids. Fatty acids may also be used to aid in cell signaling and toward the construction of new membranes for rapidly proliferating tumor cells. A significant quantity of fatty acids comes from the hydrolysis of lipoprotein triacylglycerols and phospholipids by lipoprotein lipase (LPL). The lipid obtained via LPL in the breast tumor microenvironment may thus promote breast tumor growth and development. In this hypothesis article, we introduce LPL, provide a meta‐analysis of RNAseq data showing that LPL is associated with poor prognosis, and explain how LPL might play a role in breast cancer prognosis over time.
A novel Monte Carlo (MC) dose model for small MLC fields of the cyberknife® M6TM radiosurgery system using the EGSnrc
Authors: Neupane Taindra , Galanakou Panagiota , Shang Charles , Leventouri Theodora , Kasper Michael , Muhammad Wazir
Published: January 2023

The multi‐leaf collimator (MLC)‐equipped CyberKnife® M6 radiosurgery system (CKM6) (Accuray Inc., Sunnyvale, CA) has been increasingly employed for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to treat relatively small lesions. However, achieving an accurate dose distribution in such cases is usually challenging due to the combination of numerous small fields ≤ (30 × 30) mm2. In this study, we developed a new Monte Carlo (MC) dose model for the CKM6 system using the EGSnrc to investigate dose variations in the small fields. The dose model was verified for the static MLC fields ranging from (53.8 × 53.9) to (7.6 × 7.7) mm2 at 800 mm source to axis distance in a water phantom, based on the computed doses of Accuray Precision® (Accuray Inc.) treatment planning system (TPS). We achieved a statistical uncertainty of ≤4% by simulating 30–50 million incident particles/histories. Then, the treatment plans were created for the same fields in the TPS, and the corresponding measurements were performed with MapCHECK2 (Sun Nuclear Corporation), a standard device for patient‐specific quality assurance (PSQA). Results of the MC simulations, TPS, and MapCHECK2 measurements were inter‐compared. An overall difference in dosimetric parameters such as profiles, tissue maximum ratio (TMR), and output factors (OF) between the MC simulations and the TPS results was found ≤3% for (53.8 × 53.9–15.4 × 15.4) mm2 MLC fields, and it rose to 4.5% for the smallest (7.6 mm × 7.7 mm) MLC field. The MapCHECK2 results showed a deviation ranging from –1.5% to + 4.5% compared to the TPS results, whereas the deviation was within ±2.5% compared with the MC results. Overall, our MC dose model for the CKM6 system showed better agreement with measurements and it could serve as a secondary dose verification tool for the patient‐specific QA in small fields.
Respiratory motion tracking of spine stereotactic radiotherapy in prone position
Authors: Mizonobe Kazufusa , Akasaka Hiroaki , Uehara Kazuyuki , Oki Yuya , Nakayama Masao , Tamura Shuhei , Munetomo Yoshiki , Kubo Katsumaro , Kawaguchi Hiroki , Harada Aya , Mayahara Hiroshi
Published: January 2023

Purpose

The CyberKnife system is a specialized device for non‐coplanar irradiation; however, it possesses the geometric restriction that the beam cannot be irradiated from under the treatment couch. Prone positioning is expected to reduce the dose to normal lung tissue in spinal stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) owing to the efficiency of beam arrangement; however, respiratory motion occurs. Therefore, the Xsight spine prone tracking (XSPT) system is used to reduce the effects of respiratory motion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the motion‐tracking error of the spine in the prone position.

Materials and Methods

Data from all 25 patients who underwent spinal SBRT at our institution between April 2020 and February 2022 using CyberKnife (VSI, version 11.1.0) with the XSPT tracking system were retrospectively analyzed using log files. The tumor motion, correlation, and prediction errors for each patient were examined. Furthermore, to assess the potential relationships between the parameters, the relationships between the tumor‐motion amplitudes and correlation or prediction errors were investigated using linear regression.

Results

The tumor‐motion amplitudes in each direction were as follows: superior–inferior (SI), 0.51 ± 0.39 mm; left–right (LR), 0.37 ± 0.29 mm; and anterior–posterior (AP), 3.43 ± 1.63 mm. The overall mean correlation and prediction errors were 0.66 ± 0.48 mm and 0.06 ± 0.07 mm, respectively. The prediction errors were strongly correlated with the tumor‐motion amplitudes, whereas the correlation errors were not.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that the correlation error of spinal SBRT in the prone position is sufficiently small to be independent of the tumor‐motion amplitude. Furthermore, the prediction error is small, contributing only slightly to the tracking error. These findings will improve the understanding of how to compensate for respiratory‐motion uncertainty in the prone position.
Vaccination Rates, Perceptions, and Information Sources Used by People With Inflammatory Arthritis
Authors: Lyon Andrea , Quinlivan Alannah , Lester Susan , Barrett Claire , Whittle Samuel L. , Rowett Debra , Black Rachel , Sinnathurai Premarani , March Lyn , Buchbinder Rachelle , Hill Catherine L.
Published: January 2023

Objective

To determine vaccination rates, perceptions, and information sources in people with inflammatory arthritis.

Methods

Participants enrolled in the Australian Rheumatology Association Database were invited to participate in an online questionnaire, conducted in January 2020, prior to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Included questions were about vaccination history, modified World Health Organization Vaccination Hesitancy Scale, views of the information sources consulted, the Beliefs About Medicines Questionnaire, education, and the Single‐Item Health Literacy Screener.

Results

Response rate was 994 of 1498 (66%). The median age of participants was 62 years, with 67% female. Self‐reported adherence was 83% for the influenza vaccine. Participants generally expressed positive vaccination views, particularly regarding safety, efficacy, and access. However, only 43% knew which vaccines were recommended for them. Vaccine hesitancy was primarily attributable to uncertainty and a perceived lack of information about which vaccines were recommended. Participants consulted multiple vaccination information sources (median 3, interquartile range 2‐7). General practitioners (89%) and rheumatologists (76%) were the most frequently used information sources and were most likely to yield positive views. Negative views of vaccination were most often from internet chatrooms, social media, and mainstream media. Factors of younger age, male gender, and having more concerns about the harms and overuse of medicines in general were associated with lower adherence and greater uncertainty about vaccinations, whereas education and self‐reported literacy were not.

Conclusion

Participants with inflammatory arthritis generally held positive views about vaccination, although there was considerable uncertainty as to which vaccinations were recommended for them. This study highlights the need for improved consumer information about vaccination recommendations for people with inflammatory arthritis.
Lewis Acid Fe‐V Pairs Promote Nitrate Electroreduction to Ammonia
Authors: Zhang Nana , Zhang Guike , Shen Peng , Zhang Hu , Ma Dongwei , Chu Ke
Published: January 2023

Electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia (NO3RR) has been recognized as an appealing approach to realize both sustainable NH3 production and waste nitrate removal. Herein, from the perspective of Lewis acid‐base interaction, a single‐atom Fe‐doped V2O5 (Fe‐V2O5) catalyst enriched is designed with Lewis acid sites, which present the maximum NH3‐Faradaic efficiency of 97.1% with the corresponding NH3 yield of 12.5 mg h−1 cm−2 at –0.7 V versus RHE. Mechanistic studies based on theoretical calculations and operando spectroscopic characterizations identify the creation of Lewis acid Fe‐V pairs on Fe‐V2O5, which can synergetically activate the NO3−, promote the hydrogenation energetics, and restrain the hydrogen evolution, leading to the enhanced NO3RR activity and selectivity.
Smartly Optimizing Crystallinity, Compatibility, and Morphology for Polymer Solar Cells by Small Molecule Acceptor with Unique 2D‐EDOT Side Chain
Authors: Deng Min , Xu Xiaopeng , Duan Yuwei , Yu Liyang , Li Ruipeng , Peng Qiang
Published: January 2023

A desired morphology is essential for achieving efficient polymer solar cells. Donors and acceptors with appropriate crystallization can lead to a suitable phase‐separated morphology for effective photocurrent generation process. Inspired by the success of Y6 acceptors and the 2D side chain engineering on popular polymer donors and small molecule acceptors, the usage of unique 2D 3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene (EDOT) side chains on Y6 to regulate its crystallinity, compatibility, and thus the related blend morphology is explored. In this study, two molecules of BTP‐EDOT‐4F and BTP‐EDOT‐4Cl with such unique 2D EDOT side chains are designed and synthesized. Due to the advantage of EDOT side chain, when these molecules are blended with PM6, the decent power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 16.78% and 15.87% are obtained. Furthermore, BTP‐EDOT‐4F is selected as the third component and added into PM6:L8‐BO binary system to form ternary blends. The optimized crystallinity, compatibility, and morphology of such ternary blend are discovered in the presence of BTP‐EDOT‐4F, which enables efficient exciton dissociation and charge transport as well as decreased recombination, resulting in higher short circuit current density (Jsc) and fill factor. Finally, the outstanding PCE of 18.56% is achieved in ternary blends containing PM6, L8‐BO, and BTP‐EDOT‐4F.
Room‐Temperature‐Processable Highly Reliable Resistive Switching Memory with Reconfigurability for Neuromorphic Computing and Ultrasonic Tissue Classification
Authors: Kim Dohyung , Bang Hyeonsu , Baac Hyoung Won , Lee Jongmin , Truong Phuoc Loc , Jeong Bum Ho , Appadurai Tamilselvan , Park Kyu Kwan , Heo Donghyeok , Nam Vu Binh , Yoo Hocheon , Kim Kyeounghak , Lee Daeho , Ko Jong Hwan , Park Hui Joon
Published: January 2023

Reversible metal‐filamentary mechanism has been widely investigated to design an analog resistive switching memory (RSM) for neuromorphic hardware‐implementation. However, uncontrollable filament‐formation, inducing its reliability issues, has been a fundamental challenge. Here, an analog RSM with 3D ion transport channels that can provide unprecedentedly high reliability and robustness is demonstrated. This architecture is realized by a laser‐assisted photo‐thermochemical process, compatible with the back‐end‐of‐line process and even applicable to a flexible format. These superior characteristics also lead to the proposal of a practical adaptive learning rule for hardware neural networks that can significantly simplify the voltage pulse application methodology even with high computing accuracy. A neural network, which can perform the biological tissue classification task using the ultrasound signals, is designed, and the simulation results confirm that this practical adaptive learning rule is efficient enough to classify these weak and complicated signals with high accuracy (97%). Furthermore, the proposed RSM can work as a diffusive‐memristor at the opposite voltage polarity, exhibiting extremely stable threshold switching characteristics. In this mode, several crucial operations in biological nervous systems, such as Ca2+ dynamics and nonlinear integrate‐and‐fire functions of neurons, are successfully emulated. This reconfigurability is also exceedingly beneficial for decreasing the complexity of systems—requiring both drift‐ and diffusive‐memristors.
Clathrate‐Like Alkali and Alkaline‐Earth Metal Borides: A New Family of Superconductors with Superior Hardness
Authors: Han Shuai , Yu Linchao , Liu Yunxian , Zhao Bo , Wang Chao , Chen Xin , Zhang Yongsheng , Yu Runze , Liu Xiaobing
Published: January 2023

Conventional hard and superhard materials, such as diamond and cubic boron nitride, are attractive for fundamental material science and practical industrial application, but severely limited by their poor electrical conductivity. Therefore, it is desirable to design and fabricate novel materials for superior hardness and conductivity. Herein, a class of hard superconductors in alkali or alkaline‐earth metal (AM) borides, namely AMB7, constituted by a B23 cage with one centered metal atom (Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, and Sr) is reported, which is the first stable clathrate structure in AMB systems. The theoretical calculations demonstrate that all these pressure‐stabilized clathrate structures can be quenched down to ambient conditions, which provides an essential prerequisite for experimental synthesis at moderate pressures. Among them, the highest hardness and maximum superconducting transition temperature (Tc) value are achieved in SrB7 (25.1 GPa) and MgB7 (29.3 K), respectively. Interestingly, the results show that KB7 simultaneously behaves high hardness (22.5 GPa) and superconducting transition temperature (Tc ≈26.2 K). This study opens up a new way to search and design novel superconductors with favorable mechanical properties under high pressure and high‐temperature conditions.
Biopolymers for Hygroscopic Material Development
Authors: Li Qing , Wang Fei , Zhang Yaoxin , Shi Mengjiao , Zhang Yingying , Yu Haipeng , Liu Shouxin , Li Jian , Tan Swee Ching , Chen Wenshuai
Published: January 2023

The effective management of atmospheric water will create huge value for mankind. Diversified and sustainable biopolymers that are derived from organisms provide rich building blocks for various hygroscopic materials. Here, a comprehensive review of recent advances in developing biopolymers for hygroscopic materials is provided. It is begun with a brief introduction of species diversity and the processes of obtaining various biopolymer materials from organisms. The fabrication of hygroscopic materials is then illustrated, with a specific focus on the use of biopolymer‐derived materials as substrates to produce composites and the use of biopolymers as building blocks to fabricate composite gels. Next, the representative applications of biopolymer‐derived hygroscopic materials for dehumidification, atmospheric water harvesting, and power generation are systematically presented. An outlook on future challenges and key issues worthy of attention are finally provided.
All‐Transfer Electrode Interface Engineering Toward Harsh‐Environment‐Resistant MoS2 Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Wu Yonghuang , Xin Zeqin , Zhang Zhibin , Wang Bolun , Peng Ruixuan , Wang Enze , Shi Run , Liu Yiqun , Guo Jing , Liu Kaihui , Liu Kai
Published: January 2023

Nanoscale electronic devices that can work in harsh environments are in high demand for wearable, automotive, and aerospace electronics. Clean and defect‐free interfaces are of vital importance for building nanoscale harsh‐environment‐resistant devices. However, current nanoscale devices are subject to failure in these environments, especially at defective electrode–channel interfaces. Here, harsh‐environment‐resistant MoS2 transistors are developed by engineering electrode–channel interfaces with an all‐transfer of van der Waals electrodes. The delivered defect‐free, graphene‐buffered electrodes keep the electrode–channel interfaces intact and robust. As a result, the as‐fabricated MoS2 devices have reduced Schottky barrier heights, leading to a very large on‐state current and high carrier mobility. More importantly, the defect‐free, hydrophobic graphene buffer layer prevents metal diffusion from the electrodes to MoS2 and the intercalation of water molecules at the electrode–MoS2 interfaces. This enables high resistances of MoS2 devices with all‐transfer electrodes to various harsh environments, including humid, oxidizing, and high‐temperature environments, surpassing the devices with other kinds of electrodes. The work deepens the understanding of the roles of electrode–channel interfaces in nanoscale devices and provides a promising interface engineering strategy to build nanoscale harsh‐environment‐resistant devices.
Laser Constructing Short‐Range Disordered Metagratings for Visible Near‐Infrared Polarization‐Independent Absorption
Authors: Yuan Dandan , Huang Jiaxu , Li Jun , Cai Wenfeng , Han Huili , Liu Yan Jun , Wang Min , Xu Shaolin
Published: January 2023

Subwavelength‐structured metasurfaces working in visible and near‐infrared bands present a high challenge in large‐scale device fabrication. In this study, a scalable, high‐efficient, and low‐cost laser‐induced nanopatterning technique is exploited to fabricate a kind of short‐range disordered metagratings, which enables broadband polarization‐independent absorption in the visible to near‐infrared wavelength. The short‐range disorder of the laser‐induced nanogratings originates from the laser‐induced thermal effect and can be spontaneously organized during laser nanopatterning. The unique disorder can break the unidirectional characteristics of the nanogratings, which empowers the metagratings to excite coupled resonance modes. This helps to achieve near‐perfect absorption in the visible to near‐infrared band (400–1100 nm) with an excellent angular tolerance (up to 60°) and average absorptivities of 96.3% and 93.5% under the TM and TE modes, respectively. These low‐cost metagratings can potentially inspire wide applications in the fields of solar cells, sensing, and thermal emitters.
Nickel(0)‐Catalyzed Hydrocyanation of Terminal Allenes: A Regio‐ and Enantioselective Approach to Branched Allylic Nitriles
Authors: Bury Timm , Kullmann Sven , Breit Bernhard
Published: January 2023

A highly branched regioselective nickel(0)‐catalyzed hydrocyanation of mono‐ and 1,1‐disubstituted allenes as well as an asymmetric hydrocyanation of 1,1‐disubstituted allenes are reported herein, giving access to branched tertiary and quaternary β,γ‐allylic nitriles. For the regioselective hydrocyanation of terminal allenes, a nickel(0)/Biphephos catalytic system applicable to a substrate scope containing functional groups such as ester, THP‐group, primary aliphatic iodide, and a free carboxylic acid, provides yields up to 96%. By applying a catalytic system of Ni(0)/TADDOL‐based bisphosphite catalyst to 1,1‐disubstituted allenes, branched quaternary allylic nitriles are obtained in yields up to 99% and enantioselectivities up to 86%. Both protocols take advantage of a manageable HCN source and evidence good atom economy. In addition, the reaction's synthesis utility is highlighted by gram‐scale reactions with subsequent assorted transformation of the nitrile group as well as alkylation of the tertiary nitriles in α‐position.

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Evolution and Future of Hetero‐ and Hydro‐Trifluoromethylations of Unsaturated C−C Bonds
Authors: Kawamura Shintaro , Barrio Pablo , Fustero Santos , Escorihuela Jorge , Han Jianlin , A. Soloshonok Vadim , Sodeoka Mikiko
Published: January 2023

The difunctionalizative trifluoromethylation of unsaturated C−C bonds is a highly useful and efficient method for the synthesis of trifluoromethyl compounds with attractive architectures from simple feedstocks, allowing the introduction of the CF3 group along with a wide variety of substituents either inter‐ or intramolecularly. Given that trifluoromethyl molecules are increasingly used as promising bioactive species in the design of new drugs and agrochemicals, difunctionalizative trifluoromethylation has been extensively studied during the last decade. This review focuses on reactions proceeding via the simultaneous formation of C−heteroatom (O, N, S, Se, B) and C−H bonds, as these reactions provide useful CF3 group‐containing building blocks. To identify the trends and prospects of the evolution of this methodology, we systematically describe the variants of these types of reactions and provide a more general view of reaction conditions, modes, and mechanisms. The presented comprehensive survey enables the categorization of reactions into those that are synthetically mature and those with room for further development.

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External Measurement of Swallowed Volume During Exercise Enabled by Stretchable Derivatives of PEDOT:PSS, Graphene, Metallic Nanoparticles, and Machine Learning
Authors: Polat Beril , Rafeedi Tarek , Becerra Laura , Chen Alexander X. , Chiang Kuanjung , Kaipu Vineel , Blau Rachel , Mercier Patrick P. , Cheng Chung‐Kuan , Lipomi Darren J.
Published: January 2023

Epidermal sensors for remote healthcare and performance monitoring require the ability to operate under the effects of bodily motion, heat, and perspiration. Here, the use of purpose‐synthesized polymer‐based dry electrodes and graphene‐based strain gauges to obtain measurements of swallowed volume under typical conditions of exercise is evaluated. The electrodes, composed of the common conductive polymer poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) electrostatically bound to poly(styrenesulfonate)‐b‐poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate) (PSS‐b‐PPEGMEA), collect surface electromyography (sEMG) signals on the submental muscle group, under the chin. Simultaneously, the deformation of the surface of the skin is measured using strain gauges comprising single‐layer graphene supporting subcontinuous coverage of gold and a highly plasticized composite containing PEDOT:PSS. Together, these materials permit high stretchability, high resolution, and resistance to sweat. A custom printed circuit board (PCB) allows this multicomponent system to acquire strain and sEMG data wirelessly. This sensor platform is tested on the swallowing activity of a cohort of 10 subjects while walking or cycling on a stationary bike. Using a machine learning (ML) model, it is possible to predict swallowed volume with absolute errors of 36% for walking and 43% for cycling.
In Situ/Operando Studies for Reduced Eletromigration in Ag Nanowires with Stacking Faults
Authors: Hsueh Yu‐Hsiang , Ranjan Ashok , Lyu Lian‐Ming , Hsiao Kai‐Yuan , Chang Yu‐Cheng , Lu Ming‐Pei , Lu Ming‐Yen
Published: January 2023

In this study, the effect of stacking faults (SFs) on electromigration in silver nanowires (AgNWs) in particular, with respect to their effects on necking and void growth, is investigated. The galvanic replacement reaction is used to synthesize the AgNWs in bulk at low cost. By varying the concentration of silver nitrate, AgNWs are obtained with and without SFs. In situ TEM analysis provides strong evidence that the SFs can effectively suppress the migration of surface atoms. Furthermore, an investigation of the void growth process reveals that SF facets parallel to the {111} plane contribute to the anisotropic change in morphology and slow down the rate of void growth by 135 times. Thus, planar defects can be beneficial to extending the lifetimes of devices by causing intrinsic changes to the material properties.