bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do takeover premiums hurt post-acquisition performance? – Marketing capabilities matter!
Authors: Han Daoqin , Sun Yue , Wen Yuan , Su Lixun , Tan Jiayuan
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The primary aim of this study is to resolve a longstanding debate concerning the impact of takeover premiums on post-acquisition performance. Specifically, we aim to examine how acquirers' marketing capabilities and payment methods moderate the relationship between takeover premiums and post-acquisition performance.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employs linear regression to examine the relationship between acquirers' marketing capabilities, payment methods, takeover premiums and post-acquisition performance in the Chinese manufacturing industry. Data for the analysis were collected from both mergers and acquisition (M&A) announcements and the China Stock Market & Accounting Research Database (CSMAR), covering 1,169 acquisitions from 2012 to 2021.

Findings

The results indicate that acquirers' marketing capabilities moderate the impact of takeover premiums on post-acquisition performance. When acquirers possess strong marketing capabilities, takeover premiums increase post-acquisition performance. Conversely, when acquirers lack strong marketing capabilities, takeover premiums are not significantly related to post-acquisition performance. Additionally, it is noteworthy that takeover premiums show a positive correlation with post-acquisition performance, irrespective of the payment methods employed by acquirers for target firms.

Originality/value

Given that takeover premiums are essential for acquiring resources from target firms, it is crucial to maximize the value of these acquired resources. Our findings suggest that acquirers with weaker marketing capabilities before the deal should consider a more conservative approach to pricing target firms.
The curvilinear relationships between perceived development human resource practices and both affective commitment and work stress: the moderating effects of age
Authors: Yue Lin-yang , Huang Wei-de
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to reveal the curvilinear relationships between perceived development human resource practices (DHRPs) and both affective commitment and work stress, and the moderating effects of age on the curvilinear relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

Hypotheses were developed from an employee-oriented contingent view based on the person-job fit theory and lifespan development theories. Methods suggested by Haans et al. (2016) and Dawson (2014) to test curvilinear relationships and related moderations, and a two-wave survey data from 742 Chinese employees were used.

Findings

The results showed that perceived DHRPs related to affective commitment in an inverted U shape and work stress in a U shape. However, age moderated the nature of the relationships such that both the curvilinear relationships only existed under low age while under high age perceived DHRPs related to affective commitment positively and work stress negatively.

Originality/value

This study advances the prevailing linear (positive or negative) thinking on the DHRPs–outcomes relationships by showing that perceived DHRPs relate to both affective commitment and work stress nonlinearly. Moreover, different from existing findings that age moderates the strength of the linear DHRPs–outcomes relationships, the results indicate that age moderates the nature of the relationships between perceived DHRPs and affective commitment and work stress. This implies a refined age-differential approach to use DHRPs to sustain a committed and healthy workforce in the context of workforce aging.
Novel nano magnesium oxide modified hybrid emulsion for antimicrobial coating
Authors: Jana Tirthankar , Dhar Tapan Kumar
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop an inorganic-organic hybrid emulsion polymer using grafted hyperbranched alkyd modified with nanometal oxide and to study the performance of the developed hybrid emulsion in paint formulation with respect to antimicrobial and other properties.

Design/methodology/approach

A novel hybrid emulsion polymer was synthesized by grafting of vinyl acetate (VAM), vinyl ester of versatic acid (VeoVa 10) monomers onto hyperbranched alkyd resin and incorporation of nano magnesium oxide (MgO) into the hybrid resin matrix during dispersion of resin in water. Subsequently, paint was prepared by using this hybrid emulsion followed by a performance study.

Findings

The performance of nano MgO modified into VAM and VeoVa 10 grafted hyperbranched alkyd resulted in unique properties of coating especially antimicrobial activity.

Research limitations/implications

In the present study, soya fatty acid, polyol and di basic acid have been used to prepare hyperbranched alkyd by condensation polymerization. Monomers like VAM and VeoVa 10 used for grafting onto hyperbranched alkyd and nano MgO have been incorporated into hybrid resin matrix during emulsification of hybrid resin in water.

Practical implications

Grafting of VAM and VeoVa 10 onto hyperbranched alkyd along with in situ incorporation of nano MgO in resin matrix is an effective technique to achieve excellent coating properties.

Originality/value

Nano MgO modified VAM and VeoVa 10 grafted hyperbranched alkyd-based hybrid emulsion can be used as binder in water-based metal primer, direct to metal (DTM) coating as well as topcoat application. The developed system has antimicrobial properties as well as superior mechanical properties.
Estimation of the public debt threshold effects on economic growth in sub‐Saharan African countries
Authors: Kitutila W. Yannick
Published: May 2024

Using data for 22 sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries, this paper investigates the effects of public debt on economic growth in SSA countries covering the period 1990–2021. Relying upon the estimation of Panel Smooth Transition Regression and generalized method of moments method, our findings offer strong evidence that public debt nonlinearly impacts economic growth. More specifically, there exists a threshold beyond which public debt exerts a negative effect on growth. These results can be used to formulate economic recommendations that the public authorities could implement to improve public debt management and maintain stable economic growth.
The Puzzle of UK (Under‐) Investment: Is Investment Short‐Termism Just a Supply‐Side Problem in Capital Markets?
Authors: Cowling Marc , Wilson Nicholas
Published: May 2024

Investors and financial market intermediaries have been blamed for under‐investment, low growth and low rates of innovation in the UK, with their behaviour being attributed to short‐termism. Various reasons for short‐termism have been identified, including undervaluing long‐term earnings, increased financial obstacles associated with longer investment horizons, and the adoption of financial control systems to meet investors’ demands for quarterly earnings reports. As a result, firms may opt for suboptimal short‐term investment projects while neglecting potentially valuable long‐term initiatives. Most research has focused on large corporates, which constitute a small fraction of the economy and involve multiple stakeholders. There is a significant knowledge gap regarding small owner‐managed firms that rely primarily on internal financing and bank debt for investment. Our study fills this gap by analysing a comprehensive UK finance and investment decision‐making survey of 1501 firms across all classes. The survey reveals that investment appraisal relies on a ‘payback’ period. We find that 58.8% of firms choose a payback period of 3 years or less, with shorter payback periods more prominent among the smallest firms. This suggests that financial frictions impact the investment behaviour of the smallest firms, while shareholder‐driven short‐termism influences the largest firms but only in relation to research and development projects.
Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin producers, isolated from the production chain of artisanal Coalho cheese
Authors: Medeiros Jovilma Maria Soares de , Lima Felipe Veríssimo de , Abrantes Maria Rociene , Pinheiro Carolina de Gouveia Mendes da Escóssia , Abreu Anderson Clayton da Silva , Crippa Bruna Lourenço , Silva Nathália Cristina Cirone , Silva Jean Berg Alves da
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the presence of Staphylococcus aureus from the production chain of artisanal Coalho cheese, and to analyse the phenotypic profile of the strains, virulence factors and antimicrobial susceptibility profile. From the 52 samples collected, typical colonies of Staphylococcus spp. were isolated. From these positive S. aureus isolates, the genes encoding for enterotoxin production and antibiotic resistance were characterised. Additionally, agr locus typing was also performed. A significant presence of the sea enterotoxin producing gene, a higher incidence of the mecA gene and agr III group was identified. There was multiple resistance to penicillin, oxacillin, erythromycin and clindamycin in 79% of isolates. These results indicate that the artisanal Coalho cheese production process is associated with high contamination levels and significant potential for the isolated strains to produce enterotoxins. Therefore, there is cause for concern regarding the quality of the artisanal Coalho cheese produced.
Intratumoral metabolic heterogeneity by 18F‐FDG PET/CT to predict prognosis for patients with thymic epithelial tumors
Authors: Chao Fangfang , Wang Ran , Han Xingmin , Huang Wenpeng , Wang Ruihua , Yu Yanxia , Lin Xuyang , Yuan Ping , Yang Meng , Gao Jianbo
Published: May 2024

Background

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of intratumoral metabolic heterogeneity and quantitative 18F‐FDG PET/CT imaging parameters in predicting patient outcomes in thymic epithelial tumors (TETs).

Methods

This retrospective study included 100 patients diagnosed with TETs who underwent pretreatment 18F‐FDG PET/CT. The maximum and mean standardized uptake values (SUVmax and SUVmean), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) on PET/CT were measured. Heterogeneity index‐1 (HI‐1; standard deviation [SD] divided by SUVmean) and heterogeneity index‐2 (HI‐2; linear regression slopes of the MTV according with different SUV thresholds), were evaluated as heterogeneity indices. Associations between these parameters and patient survival outcomes were analyzed.

Results

The univariate analysis showed that Masaoka stage, TNM stage, WHO classification, SUVmax, SUVmean, TLG, and HI‐1 were significant prognostic factors for progression‐free survival (PFS), while MTV, HI‐2, age, gender, presence of myasthenia gravis, and maximum tumor diameter were not. Subsequently, multivariate analyses showed that HI‐1 (p < 0.001) and TNM stage (p = 0.002) were independent prognostic factors for PFS. For the overall survival analysis, TNM stage, WHO classification, SUVmax, and HI‐1 were significant prognostic factors in the univariate analysis, while TNM stage remained an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analyses (p = 0.024). The Kaplan Meier survival analyses showed worse prognoses for patients with TNM stages III and IV and HI‐1 ≥ 0.16 compared to those with stages I and II and HI‐1 < 0.16 (log‐rank p < 0.001).

Conclusion

HI‐1 and TNM stage were independent prognostic factors for progression‐free survival in TETs. HI‐1 generated from baseline 18F‐FDG PET/CT might be promising to identify patients with poor prognosis.
The integrated stress response promotes neural stem cell survival under conditions of mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegeneration
Authors: Iqbal Mohamed Ariff , Bilen Maria , Liu Yubing , Jabre Vanessa , Fong Bensun C. , Chakroun Imane , Paul Smitha , Chen Jingwei , Wade Steven , Kanaan Michel , Harper Mary‐Ellen , Khacho Mireille , Slack Ruth S.
Published: May 2024

Impaired mitochondrial function is a hallmark of aging and a major contributor to neurodegenerative diseases. We have shown that disrupted mitochondrial dynamics typically found in aging alters the fate of neural stem cells (NSCs) leading to impairments in learning and memory. At present, little is known regarding the mechanisms by which neural stem and progenitor cells survive and adapt to mitochondrial dysfunction. Using Opa1‐inducible knockout as a model of aging and neurodegeneration, we identify a decline in neurogenesis due to impaired stem cell activation and progenitor proliferation, which can be rescued by the mitigation of oxidative stress through hypoxia. Through sc‐RNA‐seq, we identify the ATF4 pathway as a critical mechanism underlying cellular adaptation to metabolic stress. ATF4 knockdown in Opa1‐deficient NSCs accelerates cell death, while the increased expression of ATF4 enhances proliferation and survival. Using a Slc7a11 mutant, an ATF4 target, we show that ATF4‐mediated glutathione production plays a critical role in maintaining NSC survival and function under stress conditions. Together, we show that the activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) pathway enables NSCs to adapt to metabolic stress due to mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic stress and may serve as a therapeutic target to enhance NSC survival and function in aging and neurodegeneration.
Can artificial intelligence be integrated into pest monitoring schemes to help achieve sustainable agriculture? An entomological, management and computational perspective
Authors: Leybourne Daniel J. , Musa Nasamu , Yang Po
Published: May 2024

Recent years have seen significant advances in artificial intelligence (AI) technology. This advancement has enabled the development of decision support systems that support farmers with herbivorous pest identification and pest monitoring.

In these systems, the AI supports farmers through the detection, classification and quantification of herbivorous pests. However, many of the systems under development fall short of meeting the demands of the end user, with these shortfalls acting as obstacles that impede the integration of these systems into integrated pest management (IPM) practices.

There are four common obstacles that restrict the uptake of these AI‐driven decision support systems. Namely: AI technology effectiveness, functionality under field conditions, the level of computational expertise and power required to use and run the system and system mobility.

We propose four criteria that AI‐driven systems need to meet in order to overcome these challenges: (i) The system should be based on effective and efficient AI; (ii) The system should be adaptable and capable of handling ‘real‐world’ image data collected from the field; (iii) Systems should be user‐friendly, device‐driven and low‐cost; (iv) Systems should be mobile and deployable under multiple weather and climate conditions.

Systems that meet these criteria are likely to represent innovative and transformative systems that successfully integrate AI technology with IPM principles into tools that can support farmers.
Ancient and historical cooking pots and food: an eternal communion. A topical review
Authors: Heimann Robert B.
Published: May 2024

This contribution provides a topical view at and review of traditional clay‐based utilitarian cooking pots that were used for millennia to prepare, serve, display, and distribute foodstuff. Key mechanical and thermal properties of ceramic cooking vessels will be discussed and strategies of property optimization outlined. In addition, some important chemical changes food constituents undergo during cooking will be explained. Mass‐produced ancient ceramic cooking pots from Neolithic Mesopotamia have revolutionized the art of cooking by allowing foodstuff to be processed in water. As an example of successfully optimizing the properties of cooking vessels, emphasis is being given to Indigenous prehistoric North American ware of the Mississippian culture (c. 800 to 1600 CE) that show impressively how ancient potters overcame the technological challenges posed by essentially unsuitable smectite‐rich clays with extreme plasticity and high swell–shrink ratio by adding copious amounts of burnt mussel shells as temper material.
Seeing disability in children's made for television programmes: An Australian case study
Authors: Carmel Julie‐Mary , Chapman Sian , Wright Peter
Published: May 2024

Disability awareness is an issue that can inform societal understanding of marginalised groups. Contemporary literature continues to show the importance of inclusion in society and the impact inclusion has on people with disabilities and society more broadly. The importance of disability awareness is important in the context of the daily challenges faced such as discriminatory practices, stigma, stereotyping and exclusion and manifested in areas such as access to buildings, educational opportunities, and visibility in the media. Given the importance of disability awareness and the significant influence of media, especially on children today, this research investigated the inclusion of disability as one element of ‘awareness’ in one ‘made‐for‐children’ (2–5 years old) television programme. Drawing on a social model of disability, three key concepts of Diversity, Inclusion, and Equity were used to explore the way that disability is portrayed for early learners. Analysis of 265 episodes (2015–2021) revealed that inclusion of disability appeared in fewer than 15% of episodes and was not representative of the community broadly speaking. This lack of representation exposed the limited potential that the media currently has as an educative function for preschool children in disability awareness and understanding of disability as part of contemporary society. Including more people with disabilities in made‐for‐preschool children's programmes is one way to both build awareness and progressively ameliorate this position.
Utility of next‐generation sequencing in the diagnosis of metastatic melanoma: A case report
Authors: Turcios Escobar Saul , Yang Richard , Nelson Kelly C. , Gershenwald Jeffrey E. , Tawbi Hussein , Aung Phyu P. , Patel Sapna P. , Torres‐Cabala Carlos A.
Published: May 2024

During routine dermatologic examination, a 77‐year‐old male was noted to have a firm blue subcutaneous nodule on his right lateral upper back. His past medical history included metastatic melanoma of unknown primary involving right and left axillary lymph nodes, treated with ipilimumab/nivolumab with complete response, and subsequent primary uveal melanoma. The subcutaneous nodule was located near his previous right axillary scar for metastatic melanoma. Excision of the nodule showed a plexiform neoplasm involving mid and deep dermis composed of spindle and epithelioid atypical cells admixed with numerous melanophages. Central necrosis was present. Immunohistochemical studies revealed the tumor cells to be diffusely positive for HMB45, with retained expression of BAP1 and p16. The tumor cells were negative for PRAME, nuclear expression of β‐catenin, LEF1, and BRAF V600E. Molecular studies demonstrated BAP1 and GNA11 somatic mutations, a profile different from that exhibited by his prior melanoma. Collectively, these data were interpreted as a metastasis from uveal melanoma and not a recurrence of his metastatic likely cutaneous melanoma after complete response to immunotherapy. This case emphasizes the importance of molecular studies for definitive diagnosis in challenging clinical situations, especially when there is discordance among histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular studies. Integration of clinical, histopathological, and molecular features is warranted.
Will the State‐owned Capital Transfer Policy Enhance the Sustainability of the Urban Employee Basic Pension Insurance Fund in China?
Authors: Wang Jia , Liu Huan , Li Mei , Li Han
Published: May 2024

To analyze the effect of the state‐owned capital transfer policy on the sustainability of China's urban employee basic pension insurance fund (CUEBPIF), this study develops an actuarial model for pension insurance. The results reveal the following: (i) Without policy intervention, the CUEBPIF would face a deficit in 2027 and a cumulative shortfall of RMB207.44 trillion by 2050, and the proportion of fiscal subsidies for the CUEBPIF in the total fiscal expenditure would increase to 12.86 percent in 2050. (ii) Based on a delayed retirement policy, the transfer of 10 percent of state‐owned capital can delay the onset of the fund deficit by 6 years, and the accumulated shortfall in 2050 would fall to RMB39.42 trillion, and the proportion of fiscal subsidies would decrease by 11.77 percentage points. (iii) The state‐owned capital transfer policy can improve the sustainability of the CUEBPIF and reduce the burden of enterprise social security contributions when the transfer ratio increases to 20 percent.
Does Chinese Environmental Policy Affect Income Inequality? Evidence from the Central Environmental Protection Inspection
Authors: Wei Xiaoyun , Zhao Chuanmin
Published: May 2024

This paper investigates the effect of environmental policy on income inequality. It focuses on the central environmental protection inspection led by the central government in China. Using a difference‐in‐differences approach, it finds evidence that environmental regulation decreased the per capita income and enlarged the gap between urban and rural income while showing an insignificant effect on employment. Although the policy can reduce pollution levels and bring environmental benefits in aggregate, the findings of this study suggest that the regulations appear to have reduced the proportion of manufacturing industry and hindered general innovation and investment from entrepreneurs, which resulted in greater inequality. Rural residents suffered more from environmental regulation due to relatively high migration costs and their disadvantaged human resources on the aspects of health, education level, and skills. The local government's execution incentive can also play a key role in the effectiveness of environmental policy. Regions with lower GDP growth targets and younger government leaders were affected significantly with regard to the income growth of local residents and the urban–rural income gap.
Co‐occurrence of glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy in a patient with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy due to DNAJC30 mutations
Authors: Giannoccaro Maria Pia , Morelli Luana , Ricciardiello Fortuna , Donadio Vincenzo , Bartiromo Fiorina , Tonon Caterina , Carbonelli Michele , Amore Giulia , Carelli Valerio , Liguori Rocco , La Morgia Chiara
Published: May 2024

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a mitochondrial disease characterized by visual loss, and rarely associated with extraocular manifestations including multiple sclerosis‐like lesions. The association of LHON and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders has rarely been reported. Here is reported a case of glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy presenting with area postrema syndrome in a patient with previously diagnosed recessive LHON due to mutations in the nuclear gene DNAJC30. This case emphasizes the necessity of extensive investigations for other treatable conditions in patients with LHON and otherwise unexplained extraocular involvement and the possibility that also visual symptoms can respond to immune therapy.
Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Helicobacter pylori against eight antibiotics: A study from North India
Authors: Arfi Safiya , Sharma Prateek , Kumar Mithun , Mehra Shubham , Das Kunal , Das Rajashree , Setya Ashwini
Published: May 2024

Background

The purpose of this analysis is to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of eight drugs effective against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) strains and the genetic diversity of H. pylori virulence genes to foresee clinical outcomes in North India.

Materials and Methods

Fifty‐eight H. pylori strains isolated from patients suffering from various gastrointestinal (GI) diseases were included in the study. MICs of various antibiotics were determined by the agar dilution method. The chi‐squared test and Fisher exact test were used to determine the p‐value, which was considered significant at p‐value ≤ 0.05. RStudio 4.0 was used to for the data visualization.

Results

The prevalence of drug resistance was found to be: cefixime (CFM) (41.3%), furazolidone (FZD) (34.4%), amoxicillin (AMX) (20.7%), levofloxacin (LVFX) (70.7%), metronidazole (MTZ) (39.6%), tetracycline (TET) (20.7%), clarithromycin (CLA) (17.2%), and rifabutin (RIF) (17.2%). Out of 58 H. pylori strains, 3 were pan susceptible. There were H. pylori strains with single‐drug resistance (21.8%, 12/55), dual resistance (30.9%, 17/55), triple resistance (20%, 11/55), and multidrug resistance (27.3%, 15/55). The resistance rate in MTZ, CLA and RIF were found to be significantly higher in females as compared to males (p = 0.005, p = 0.002, and p = 0.02), respectively. The resistance to TET exhibited significantly higher levels in gastritis compared to GERD, DU, and other disease groups (p = 0.04) respectively.

Conclusion

TET, AMX, CLA, and RIF were found to be more effective antibiotics against H. pylori infections, whereas more studies are required to provide evidence on increasing resistance rate of LVFX.
Two‐ and three‐dimensional healing assessment after endodontic microsurgery in through‐and‐through periapical lesions: 5‐year follow‐up from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dhamija Ritika , Tewari Sanjay , Gupta Ambika
Published: May 2024

Aim

To evaluate clinical and radiographic outcome of endodontic microsurgery in through‐and‐through periapical lesions at 1‐year and 5‐year follow‐up with adjunct use of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP).

Methodology

Thirty‐two patients with large through‐and‐through periapical lesions were randomized in platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) group and control group. Two‐dimensional (2D) healing was evaluated with Molven's criteria and three‐dimensional (3D) healing with modified PENN 3D criteria. Healing at resection plane (R), apical area (A), buccal cortex (BC), palatal cortex (PC) and overall bone healing (B) was assessed using CBCT scans. The volume of lesion was measured using ITK‐Snap software. The analysis included comparison of 1‐ to 5‐year intragroup (Friedman test/McNemar test) and intergroup scoring (Chi‐square/ Mann–Whitney test). Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of various factors on healing at 5 years.

Results

Out of 32 patients/59 teeth evaluated after 1‐year of endodontic microsurgery, 24 patients/44 teeth reported at 5 ‐ year follow‐up. Healing assessment with modified PENN 3D criteria revealed improvement in overall success rate of 66.7% at 1 year to 83.3% at 5 years, with no deterioration in any healing category. PRP group exhibited significantly better 3D healing than control group; both at 1 year (84.6% vs. 45.5%) and 5 years (100% vs. 63.6%). A significantly higher number of completely healed teeth were observed in PRP group than the control group at 5 years with respect to R, BC and B parameters. A volume reduction of 88% (91.4% PRP, 84% control) was depicted at 1 year and 94% (97.1% PRP, 91.1% control) at 5 years. None of the recorded factors including age, gender, size of lesion, preoperative swelling and sinus, histology of lesion, use of PRP, tooth location, preoperative buccal bone had significant effect on 3D healing at 5 years.

Conclusions

This 5‐year study suggested improvement in 3D radiographic healing of large through‐and‐through periapical lesions from 1 to 5 years with no deterioration in any healing parameter in both control and PRP groups. The additional use of PRP led to significantly better healing in such lesions. RACB index using CBCT allows better estimation of healing at resected, apical and cortical plane over modified PENN 3D or Molven's criteria.
Enhanced ferroelectric properties in BiAlO3 modified lead‐free Mn‐doped Bi0.5(Na0.8K0.2)0.5TiO3 thin films
Authors: Peng Jinghui , Nie Hengchang , Yuan Yuou , Yong Xiao , He Biao , Wang Genshui , Du Fanglin , Shi Liang , Qu Xiaofei , Zhang Shuai
Published: May 2024

Mn‐doped (1‐x)Bi0.5(Na0.8K0.2)0.5TiO3‐xBiAlO3 (Mn:BNKT‐xBA) thin films were synthesized on lanthanum nickelate‐coated silicon substrates by sol‐gel method. The second phase issue of the film can be effectively addressed by optimizing the substrate, and the maximum polarization and breakdown strength can be increased by introducing the proper amount of Al3+, which is advantageous for the film for energy storage. The results have shown that the Mn:BNKT‐0.03BA film exhibits superior ferroelectric properties (with remanent polarization (Pr) of 23.72 µC/cm2, maximum polarization (Pmax) of 75.37 µC/cm2), which could be an excellent candidate for ferroelectric thin film capacitors.
Teachers’ perceptions of implementing digital multimodal composing in tertiary classrooms: Voices from Chinese EFL teachers
Authors: Zhang Yu , Peng Jing , Zheng Yao
Published: May 2024

In language education, digital multimodal composing (DMC) pertains to a new literacy practice in which students use digital tools to produce texts incorporating multiple semiotic modes. Despite that many scholars advocate for implementing DMC in language classrooms, it remains marginal in mainstream classrooms, with scant attention being paid to teachers’ perceptions concerning the use of DMC. Situated in Chinese universities, this research probes into the perspectives of five English teachers on implementing DMC as a pedagogical innovation. The analysis of data collected from multiple sources reveals that the teachers perceived DMC positively due to its affordances for students, namely, cultivating digital and multimodal literacies, improving speaking and writing abilities, fostering collaboration and communication skills, and enhancing learning interest and motivation. Teachers themselves harvested benefits regarding deeper insights into students’ learning potentials, enhanced digital literacies, a novel avenue for academic research, and an innovative teaching method. Nonetheless, the teachers expressed concerns about time constraints, students’ engagement in group work, potential plagiarism, assessment of students’ videos, and the long‐term effect of DMC on students’ writing performance. Based on the findings, this research provides implications for integrating curriculum innovations like DMC into conventional curricula.
Efficacy of apremilast in hyperkeratotic hand and foot dermatitis: results from a randomized observer‐blinded comparative study
Authors: Bhat Kriti , Patra Suman , Bhardwaj Abhishek , Singh Saurabh , Budania Anil , Bains Anupama , Saurabh Suman
Published: May 2024

Background

Hyperkeratotic hand and foot dermatitis significantly affects quality of life. Some patients respond suboptimally to topical corticosteroids and have multiple recurrences.

Objective

Our aim was to compare the efficacy and safety profile of apremilast and topical corticosteroid versus corticosteroid alone in hyperkeratotic hand and foot dermatitis.

Methods

This randomized controlled study involved 77 patients treated for 3 months. Group A (39 patients) received mometasone furoate 0.1% cream with oral apremilast 30 mg twice daily, and Group B (38 patients) received mometasone alone. They were assessed monthly using the Hand Eczema Clinical Severity Index (HECSI) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores for pruritus. Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) and Quality of Life in Hand Eczema Questionnaire (QOLHEQ) were conducted at the end of 3 months.

Results

The HECSI, VAS score, and QOLHEQ showed a significant decrease in both groups from baseline to the third month. Intergroup comparisons of HECSI failed to reach the significance level. When compared, patients receiving apremilast had significantly better improvement in the third month according to the Patient Global Assessment (PGA) and Investigator Global Assessment (IGA). They also had a smaller number of flares.

Conclusion

Adding apremilast to topical corticosteroid leads to better patient and physician‐perceived improvement and reduces the number of flares in hyperkeratotic hand eczema.
An alkali substrate feeding engineering conversion platform for hesperetin 7‐O‐glucoside biosynthesis
Authors: Wang Chunqing , Chen Liang , Wang Zhendong , Zhu Siming
Published: May 2024

The poor water solubility of flavonoids has always been a bottleneck restricting industrial production and application. The key problem of water‐solubility of flavonoids was solved by establishing an alkali substrate‐feeding engineering conversion platform using recombinant rhamnosidase. The results showed that the recombinant enzyme had α‐L‐rhamnosidase activity. Using this enzyme, four kinds of flavonoids such as hesperidin (HSD) were successfully hydrolyzed to products such as hesperetin 7‐O‐glucoside (HMG). Four key enzyme reaction conditions such as temperature, pH, feed rate and substrate specificity were investigated, and the optimum process parameters of the conversion platform were obtained. That was, under the conditions of temperature 50 °C, pH 6 and feeding speed 0.5 mL min−1, HSD conversion efficiency can reach 8.65 mg min−1. In addition, the changes in enzyme protein structure during basic feeding were elucidated by circular binary chromatography (CD) and fluorescence spectrum. The platform has the advantages of low cost, simple process, green environmental protection, high conversion rate and product purity. This method laid a solid foundation for the resource utilisation of flavonoid glycosides and industrial production.
Characterisation of wholegrain composite for pretzels: a comprehensive nutritional and functional analysis
Authors: Amin Sana , Pasha Imran , Amin Amina , Ahmed Farah , Aadil Rana Muhammad
Published: May 2024

Wholegrain composite flours are used for bakery products to enhance their nutritional value and to decrease the reliance on wheat importation as well as to ensure food security in most developing countries. This work aimed to optimise oat, maize, barley and wheat flour levels in the development of nutritionally enriched wholegrain pretzels. Composite flour blends were prepared by mechanical mixing of oat flour (OF), barley flour (BF), maize flour (MF) and wheat flour (WF) in the following proportion: WF (100%) (T0 – control), W:B (90:10) (T1), W:M (90:10) (T2), W:O (90:10) (T3), W:B:M:O (85:5:5:5) (T4), W:B:M:O (76:8:8:8) (T5) and W:B:M:O (70:10:10:10) (T6). Wholegrain composite flour mixes were analysed for their proximate composition and antioxidant properties. The fat, protein, ash and moisture content significantly changed (P < 0.05) in all treatments, while the fibre content increased. DPPH radical scavenging activity and total phenolic and flavonoid content showed significant changes compared to the control. A rapid visco analyser determined multigrain flour's rheological and pasting properties, and the values showed significant (P < 0.05) differences for peak viscosity, final viscosity and pasting temperature. The final product was analysed for proximate analysis, texture, colour and sensory evaluation. The increase in moisture, protein, fibre and ash content of the product was observed. Moisture, fat and fibre content of pretzels exhibited significant correlations (P < 0.05) with the sensory parameters. A grouping of the samples in function of the chemical and sensory characteristics was depicted from the principal component analysis. Texture and colour analysis showed significant differences (P < 0.05). Sensory evaluation results showed that the overall score for acceptability found for composite flour mix which contains 10% barley, 10% oat and 10% maize with wheat in a 30:70 ratio was accepted by the consumer. Consumption of wholegrain pretzels as snack food can contribute to a nutritious and balanced diet.
Co‐designing restrictive practice elimination: A systems thinking approach with mental health service users and practitioners in rural/regional Australia
Authors: Bennetts Stephanie L. , Pepin Genevieve , Moylan Steven , Carolin Renae , Forrester‐Bowling Tari , McLure James , Brown Andrew D. , Lucas James J.
Published: May 2024

Elimination of restrictive practices (physical/mechanical restraint and seclusion) from adult acute mental health care services has been demanded internationally for many decades. This study aimed to: (1) Identify priority issues in the elimination of and use of alternative approaches to restrictive practices (seclusion and physical/mechanical restraint) in rural/regional acute adult mental healthcare services, as told by mental healthcare service users and practitioners, (2) identify the community‐based, system‐level feedback loops that enhance or reduce the use of restrictive practices and viable alternatives and, (3) identify potential action areas to improve system structures to increase regional mental healthcare services' ability to eliminate restrictive practices and use alternative approaches. Group model building (GMB) workshops were held with a small group (n = 9) of mental healthcare practitioners and service users with lived experience of restrictive practice use. This participatory approach enables exploration and visual mapping of local structures causing behaviour patterns of practitioner and service user concern over time – in this case, the barriers, and enablers to alternative approaches to restrictive practices in adult acute mental healthcare services within the Geelong‐Barwon region. This is the first study that specifically applies GMB in the discussion of the elimination of restrictive practices in mental health in the non‐metropolitan regional/rural context. Participants identified four key priorities in relation to eliminating restrictive practices: (1) self‐advocacy, (2) continuity of care, (3) early intervention, and (4) safety for all. The study findings were distilled into a novel preliminary set of mental healthcare practitioner and service user action ideas.
Foot self‐care behaviour in primary care patients with diabetic foot ulcers: Structural equation modelling of psychological predictors
Authors: Zhu Xiaoli , Lee Eng Sing , Chan Frederick H. F. , Lim Phoebe X. H. , Chen Yee Chui , Griva Konstadina
Published: May 2024

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are one of the most prevalent and costly diabetes complications, associated with diminished quality of life and poor prognosis. Management of DFUs relies heavily on patients' foot self‐care behaviour. This study aims to explore psychological determinants of this important behaviour among primary care patients. A total of 186 patients with active DFUs self‐reported their illness perception, diabetes distress, self‐efficacy, and foot self‐care behaviour. Structural equation modelling was performed to examine interrelationships among measured variables. The final model demonstrated satisfactory fit, CFI = 0.933, TLI = 0.913, RMSEA = 0.050, SRMR = 0.073, χ2(95) = 132.256 (p = 0.004), and explained 51.1% of the variance of foot self‐care. Illness threat perceptions (i.e., consequence, timeline, identity, concern, and emotion) had a direct positive effect on foot self‐care behaviours, but also indirectly decreased foot self‐care through increasing diabetes distress. Control perceptions (i.e., personal control, treatment control, and coherence) were not directly associated with foot self‐care behaviours, but indirectly improved foot self‐care by reducing diabetes distress and increasing foot care confidence. These findings suggest illness perceptions, diabetes distress, and self‐care confidence as modifiable predictors to be targeted in self‐management interventions for patients with DFUs.
Structure‐function integrated ZrO2–SiO2 nanocrystalline glass–ceramics achieved by in situ formation of amorphous carbon
Authors: Yu Wenjun , Lei Zihua , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhang Qinzhao , Cheng Yongxing , Deng Ying , Li Yang , Song Junjie , Fu Le
Published: May 2024

Ceramics can be traditionally classified as structural and functional ones. However, the miniaturization and multi‐functionalization of various devices require ceramics to have both structural and functional properties. In this work, we aimed to develop structure‐function integrated ZrO2–SiO2 nanocrystalline glass–ceramics (NCGCs) by in situ formation of homogenously distributed amorphous carbon. By reducing the calcination temperature of carbon‐containing powder, organic carbon groups were partially retained in the powder and they transformed to amorphous carbon in the sintered NCGCs. At micrometer scale, the carbon was homogenously distributed in the NCGCs, avoiding the commonly encountered agglomeration problem of carbon fillers. The effects of carbon on the microstructure, mechanical properties, wear resistance, and dielectric properties of the NCGCs were investigated. Results showed that the in situ formed amorphous carbon was homogenously distributed in the ZrO2 nanocrystallites. Meanwhile, the amorphous carbon strongly bonded with the ZrO2–SiO2 NCGCs. Only a small amount of carbon was combusted even after annealing at 1000°C for 3 h. The formation of amorphous carbon led to an improvement of nanohardness and wear resistance of the NCGCs, while slightly reducing Young's modulus and flexural strength. The electromagnetic wave transmission performances were improved due to the formation of amorphous carbon. The current study paves a new way for developing structure‐function integrated glass–ceramics through in situ formation of carbon. The prepared structure‐function integrated ZrO2–SiO2 NCGCs have great potential to be used as radome and antenna windows of aerospace aircrafts that work in harsh environment.
Effect of early cryoballoon ablation on atrial fibrillation recurrence—A Danish nationwide register study
Authors: Hein Regitze , Riis‐Vestergaard Lise Da , Tønnesen Jacob , Zörner Christopher Ryan , Rasmussen Peter Vibe , Ruwald Martin Huth , Johannessen Arne , Worck René Husted , Hansen Jim , Middelfart Charlotte , Gislason Gunnar Hilmar , Hansen Morten Lock
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Cryoballoon ablation is a safe and efficient rhythm control strategy in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. The impact of time from diagnosis to ablation is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of timing of first‐time cryoballoon ablation on AF recurrence in a nationwide cohort of AF patients.

Methods and Results

From nationwide registers, all AF patients ≥18 years of age who underwent first‐time AF cryoballoon ablation in Denmark from 2012 to 2018 were included. The AF patients were stratified by ablation timing: Early group (≤1 year after AF diagnosis), intermediate group (1–3 years after AF diagnosis), and late group (≥3 years after AF diagnosis). By adjusted Cox regression models, the effect of timing on AF recurrence was examined.

This study included 1064 AF patients with a median age of 63 years. Most patients were male (66%) and had paroxysmal AF (67%). The 1‐year risk of AF recurrence increased from 31% in the early group to 41% and 44% in the intermediate and late group. The hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 1.28 (0.95, 1.74) in the intermediate group and 1.42 (1.09, 1.86) in the late group when compared to the early group. Continuous diagnosis‐to‐ablation time seemed to have the greatest impact on AF recurrence within the first 2 years.

Conclusion

In AF patients undergoing cryoballoon ablation, late timing of ablation was associated with a significantly higher AF recurrence rate when compared to early timing of ablation. These findings support early cryoballoon ablation to improve the outcomes after ablation.
Role of oxidative stress‐induced ferroptosis in cancer therapy
Authors: Li Keqing , Fan Chengjiang , Chen Jianing , Xu Xin , Lu Chuwei , Shao Hanjie , Xi Yang
Published: May 2024

Ferroptosis is a distinct mode of cell death, distinguishing itself from typical apoptosis by its reliance on the accumulation of iron ions and lipid peroxides. Cells manifest an imbalance between oxidative stress and antioxidant equilibrium during certain pathological contexts, such as tumours, resulting in oxidative stress. Notably, recent investigations propose that heightened intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to oxidative stress can heighten cellular susceptibility to ferroptosis inducers or expedite the onset of ferroptosis. Consequently, comprehending role of ROS in the initiation of ferroptosis has significance in elucidating disorders related to oxidative stress. Moreover, an exhaustive exploration into the mechanism and control of ferroptosis might offer novel targets for addressing specific tumour types. Within this context, our review delves into recent fundamental pathways and the molecular foundation of ferroptosis. Four classical ferroptotic molecular pathways are well characterized, namely, glutathione peroxidase 4‐centred molecular pathway, nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 molecular pathway, mitochondrial molecular pathway, and mTOR‐dependent autophagy pathway. Furthermore, we seek to elucidate the regulatory contributions enacted by ROS. Additionally, we provide an overview of targeted medications targeting four molecular pathways implicated in ferroptosis and their potential clinical applications. Here, we review the role of ROS and oxidative stress in ferroptosis, and we discuss opportunities to use ferroptosis as a new strategy for cancer therapy and point out the current challenges persisting within the domain of ROS‐regulated anticancer drug research and development.
Phylogeographic patterns of Cyphocharax from trans‐Andean rivers and northward expansion to lower Central America (Teleostei, Curimatidae)
Authors: Melo Bruno F. , Conde‐Saldaña Cristhian C. , Villa‐Navarro Francisco A. , McMahan Caleb D. , Oliveira Claudio
Published: May 2024

Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear data of 31 specimens of Cyphocharax from trans‐Andean rivers support the presence of one lineage of Cyphocharax aspilos in Lago Maracaibo and three cryptic lineages of Cyphocharax magdalenae: (1) Cauca‐Magdalena and Ranchería, (2) León and Atrato, and (3) Chucunaque‐Tuira, Santa María, and Chiriquí basins of Central America. Results suggest that the Serranía del Perijá facilitated Late Miocene cladogenetic events, whereas post‐Isthmian C. magdalenae expansion was enabled by gene flow across the lower Magdalena valley and Central American lowlands. Time‐calibrated phylogenetics indicate that the C. magdalenae colonized lower Central America in the Pliocene (3.7 MYA; Ma), the divergence Atrato‐Magdalena occurred in Late Pliocene (3.0 Ma) and the split Ranchería‐Magdalena during the Middle Pleistocene (1.3 Ma). Updated geographic distribution data support the hypothesis that the Cordillera de Talamanca functions as a barrier to northward expansion of C. magdalenae in Central America.