bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Sampling in the Detection of Multicategory EEG Signals
Authors: Siuly Siuly , Kabir Enamul , Wang Hua , Zhang Yanchun
Published: April 2015

The paper presents a structure based on samplings and machine leaning techniques for the detection of multicategory EEG signals where random sampling (RS) and optimal allocation sampling (OS) are explored. In the proposed framework, before using the RS and OS scheme, the entire EEG signals of each class are partitioned into several groups based on a particular time period. The RS and OS schemes are used in order to have representative observations from each group of each category of EEG data. Then all of the selected samples by the RS from the groups of each category are combined in a one set named RS set. In the similar way, for the OS scheme, an OS set is obtained. Then eleven statistical features are extracted from the RS and OS set, separately. Finally this study employs three well-known classifiers:k-nearest neighbor (k-NN), multinomial logistic regression with a ridge estimator (MLR), and support vector machine (SVM) to evaluate the performance for the RS and OS feature set. The experimental outcomes demonstrate that the RS scheme well represents the EEG signals and thek-NN with the RS is the optimum choice for detection of multicategory EEG signals.
Identifying Individual Rain Events with a Dense Disdrometer Network
Authors: Larsen Michael L. , Teves Joshua B.
Published: April 2015

The use of point detectors to measure properties of rainfall is ubiquitous in the hydrological sciences. An early step in most rainfall analysis includes the partitioning of the data record into “rain events.” This work utilizes data from a dense network of optical disdrometers to explore the effects of instrument sampling on this partitioning. It is shown that sampling variability may result in event identifications that can statistically magnify the differences between two similar data records. The data presented here suggest that these magnification effects are not equally impactful for all common definitions of a rain event.
Bioactive Phytochemicals: Bioactivity, Sources, Preparations, and/or ModificationsviaSilver Tetrafluoroborate Mediation
Authors: Achilonu Matthew C. , Umesiobi Dennis O.
Published: April 2015

This review provides an overview of the biological activities, natural occurrences, and the silver tetrafluoroborate- (AgBF4-) mediated synthesis of proanthocyanidins, glycosides, N-heterocyclic alkaloid analogues (of pyrrole, morphine, quinoline, isoquinoline, and indole), furan analogues, and halocompounds. AgBF4has been reviewed as an effective reaction promoter, used extensively in the synthesis of relevant biologically active compoundsviacarbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds formation. The literatures from 1979 to April 2014 were reviewed.
Exploring Different Order Decision Behaviors with Bullwhip Effect and Service Level Measures in Supply Chain System
Authors: Li Zhuoqun , Yan Guangle
Published: April 2015

Since decision makers’ bounded rationality would impact supply chain performance, it is necessary to explore how the individual decisions work in the supply chain. This paper investigates bullwhip effect variation and service level tendency while the decisions are made by different decision makers. Based on the existing study results, the paper establishes a system dynamics model of supply chain conforming to modern supply chain characters. In the model, two adjustment parameters are adopted to describe individual differences in decision makers. The simulation result demonstrates that the behavioral adjustment with different extent results in different supply chain performance. The impact of two parameters is very different. The decision makers should try to avoid the overadjustment to the scarcity of supply from their upstream member.
Short-Term Bus Passenger Demand Prediction Based on Time Series Model and Interactive Multiple Model Approach
Authors: Xue Rui , Sun Daniel (Jian) , Chen Shukai
Published: April 2015

Although bus passenger demand prediction has attracted increased attention during recent years, limited research has been conducted in the context of short-term passenger demand forecasting. This paper proposes an interactive multiple model (IMM) filter algorithm-based model to predict short-term passenger demand. After aggregated in 15 min interval, passenger demand data collected from a busy bus route over four months were used to generate time series. Considering that passenger demand exhibits various characteristics in different time scales, three time series were developed, named weekly, daily, and 15 min time series. After the correlation, periodicity, and stationarity analyses, time series models were constructed. Particularly, the heteroscedasticity of time series was explored to achieve better prediction performance. Finally, IMM filter algorithm was applied to combine individual forecasting models with dynamically predicted passenger demand for next interval. Different error indices were adopted for the analyses of individual and hybrid models. The performance comparison indicates that hybrid model forecasts are superior to individual ones in accuracy. Findings of this study are of theoretical and practical significance in bus scheduling.
Mobile Target Tracking Based on Hybrid Open-Loop Monocular Vision Motion Control Strategy
Authors: Yuan Cao , Lianchuan Ma , Ma Weigang
Published: April 2015

This paper proposes a new real-time target tracking method based on the open-loop monocular vision motion control. It uses the particle filter technique to predict the moving target’s position in an image. Due to the properties of the particle filter, the method can effectively master the motion behaviors of the linear and nonlinear. In addition, the method uses the simple mathematical operation to transfer the image information in the mobile target to its real coordinate information. Therefore, it requires few operating resources. Moreover, the method adopts the monocular vision approach, which is a single camera, to achieve its objective by using few hardware resources. Firstly, the method evaluates the next time’s position and size of the target in an image. Later, the real position of the objective corresponding to the obtained information is predicted. At last, the mobile robot should be controlled in the center of the camera’s vision. The paper conducts the tracking test to the L-type and the S-type and compares with the Kalman filtering method. The experimental results show that the method achieves a better tracking effect in the L-shape experiment, and its effect is superior to the Kalman filter technique in the L-type or S-type tracking experiment.
Characterization Theorems for Generalized Functionals of Discrete-Time Normal Martingale
Authors: Wang Caishi , Chen Jinshu
Published: April 2015

We aim at characterizing generalized functionals of discrete-time normal martingales. LetM=(Mn)n∈Nbe a discrete-time normal martingale that has the chaotic representation property. We first construct testing and generalized functionals ofMwith an appropriate orthonormal basis forM’s square integrable functionals. Then we introduce a transform, called the Fock transform, for these functionals and characterize them via the transform. Several characterization theorems are established. Finally we give some applications of these characterization theorems. Our results show that generalized functionals of discrete-time normal martingales can be characterized only by growth condition, which contrasts sharply with the case of some continuous-time processes (e.g., Brownian motion), where both growth condition and analyticity condition are needed to characterize generalized functionals of those continuous-time processes.
Ascending Tonic Clonic Seizure Syndrome after Percutaneous Vertebroplasty
Authors: Zarattini Guido , Farrier Adam , Sibona Federico
Published: April 2015

Background Context. Cement leakage is not a rare complication of vertebroplasty, but ascending tonic clonic seizure syndrome is exceptionally rare. We herein report the first case to our knowledge of this complication related to vertebroplasty.Purpose. We herein report the first case of ascending tonic clonic seizure syndrome following epidural cement leakage after percutaneous vertebroplasty in a patient with multiple osteoporotic compression fractures.Study Design. Case report.Methods. A 64-year-old woman with T8, T10, L2, and L4 osteoporotic compression fractures underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty using polymethylmethacrylate. 40 minutes after the procedure the patient started suffering back and leg pain, having repetitive myoclonic jerks lasting 15 seconds of the lower extremities, spasm of the back, dyspnea, sinus tachycardia, hypoxemia, and metabolic acidosis.Results. The patient recovered completely due to a combination of early effective resuscitation and considered definitive management.Conclusions. Percutaneous vertebroplasty with polymethylmethacrylate is relatively safe but has few dangerous complications, which should be prevented by a meticulous technique and excellent image quality.
Implications of Green Tea and Its Constituents in the Prevention of Cancer via the Modulation of Cell Signalling Pathway
Authors: Rahmani Arshad H. , Al shabrmi Fahad M. , Allemailem Khaled S. , Aly Salah M. , Khan Masood A.
Published: April 2015

Green tea is commonly used as a beverage worldwide, especially in China, Japan, Morocco, and Saudi Arabia. Green tea and its constituents have been considered very effective in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. It contains a variety of catechins, which show a pivotal role in the modulation of biological activities and also act as chemopreventive agents. Earlier studies have confirmed that green tea and its chief constituent epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have a potential role in the management of cancer through the modulation of cell signaling pathways. In this review, we focused on the beneficial effects of green tea and its constituents in the cancer prevention and treatment and its impact on modulation of molecular pathways.
The Impact of Tonsillectomy upon the Risk of Oropharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Prognosis in the Danish Cancer Registry
Authors: Fakhry Carole , Andersen Klaus K. , Christensen Jane , Agrawal Nishant , Eisele David W.
Published: April 2015

The incidence of oropharyngeal carcinoma, involving palatine and lingual tonsils, is increasing globally. This significant rise is driven by human papillomavirus. Whether palatine tonsillectomy affects risk of diagnosis with oropharyngeal carcinoma is unknown. The association between tonsillectomy and incidence of oropharyngeal carcinoma was explored in the Danish Cancer Registry. The association between tonsillectomy and oropharyngeal carcinoma was analyzed by time since first registration of tonsillectomy. Tonsillectomy was a time-dependent variable. Individuals were censored for death, emigration, or tonsillectomy within incident year of diagnosis. Incidence rate ratios (RR) were estimated by Poisson regression models and adjusted for confounders. Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were compared by the log-rank test, and HRs were estimated by Cox proportional hazards models. From 1977 to 2012, the incidence of tonsillectomies significantly decreased, whereas the incidence of oropharyngeal carcinoma significantly increased. Tonsillectomy was not associated with risk of oropharyngeal carcinoma or malignancies of other anatomic sites, including base of tongue. However, tonsillectomy significantly reduced risk of diagnosis with tonsil carcinoma [RR, 0.40; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.22–0.70]. The risk of diagnosis with tonsil carcinoma at age <60 years was significantly decreased (RRadj, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.06–0.41) after tonsillectomy. Tonsillectomy within 1 year of diagnosis with tonsil carcinoma was associated with significantly improved overall survival (HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.38–0.74). In conclusion, remote history of tonsillectomy reduces the risk of diagnosis with tonsil carcinoma. These data inform risk and benefit of tonsillectomy, a common procedure and design of secondary prevention trials. Cancer Prev Res; 8(7); 583–9. ©2015 AACR.

See related articles by Chaturvedi, p. 577, and Misiukiewicz and Posner, p. 580
The BCL2 Family: Key Mediators of the Apoptotic Response to Targeted Anticancer Therapeutics
Authors: Hata Aaron N. , Engelman Jeffrey A. , Faber Anthony C.
Published: April 2015

The ability of cancer cells to suppress apoptosis is critical for carcinogenesis. The BCL2 family proteins comprise the sentinel network that regulates the mitochondrial or intrinsic apoptotic response. Recent advances in our understanding of apoptotic signaling pathways have enabled methods to identify cancers that are “primed” to undergo apoptosis, and have revealed potential biomarkers that may predict which cancers will undergo apoptosis in response to specific therapies. Complementary efforts have focused on developing novel drugs that directly target antiapoptotic BCL2 family proteins. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the role of BCL2 family members in cancer development and response to therapy, focusing on targeted therapeutics, recent progress in the development of apoptotic biomarkers, and therapeutic strategies designed to overcome deficiencies in apoptosis.

Significance: Apoptosis, long known to be important for response to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy, has more recently been shown to be essential for the efficacy of targeted therapies. Approaches that increase the likelihood of a cancer to undergo apoptosis following therapy may help improve targeted treatment strategies. Cancer Discov; 5(5); 475–87. ©2015 AACR.
Colorectal Cancer: Personalized Therapy
Authors: Leichsenring Jonas , Koppelle Adriane , Reinacher-Schick Anke
Published: April 2015

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common type of cancer in the Western world. The treatment of this disease has evolved greatly, particularly for patients with metastatic disease. The advent of combination chemotherapy plus targeted agents has led to more curative resections and improved survival rates in these patients. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms of tumorigenesis has facilitated tumor characterization, prognosis and patient stratification, bringing us one step closer towards personalized medicine. Summary: There are two main pathways of CRC development: (1) chromosomal instability, also known as the classical adenoma-carcinoma sequence, and (2) microsatellite instability, caused by a defective mismatch repair (dMMR) system. Analysis of these pathways has uncovered key prognostic and predictive biomarkers to guide patient selection and treatment strategy. This review summarizes the current treatment regimens and recent advances in the personalized therapy of CRC. Key Message: Understanding of the mechanisms of CRC pathogenesis has led to new developments in tumor characterization, patient stratification, prognosis and treatment, bringing us closer to personalized therapy. Practical Implications: In the adjuvant setting, the treatment decision is driven by clinical and histopathological factors. dMMR status is one of the most robust positive prognostic factors in resected colon cancer. More and more guidelines recommend refraining from adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with dMMR. In the metastatic setting, the introduction of effective compounds, including agents that target the epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor pathways, has significantly improved survival. The presence of wild-type KRAS and NRAS (all RAS) is a positive predictive factor for epidermal growth factor receptor antibody treatment. Therefore, analysis of all RAS status is recommended for all patients with metastatic disease prior to the initiation of first-line chemotherapy.
Circulating C-Type Natriuretic Peptide and Its Relationship to Cardiovascular Disease in the General Population
Authors: Sangaralingham S. Jeson , McKie Paul M. , Ichiki Tomoko , Scott Christopher G. , Heublein Denise M. , Chen Horng H. , Bailey Kent R. , Redfield Margaret M. , Rodeheffer Richard J. , Burnett John C.
Published: April 2015

C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is an endothelium-derived peptide that is released as a protective mechanism in response cardiovascular injury or disease. However, no studies have investigated circulating CNP, identifying clinical factors that may influence CNP and its relationship to cardiovascular disease in the general population. We studied 1841 randomly selected subjects from Olmsted County, MN (mean age, 63±11 years; 48% men). Plasma CNP was measured by a well-established radioimmunoassay and echocardiography, clinical characterization, and detailed medical record review were performed. We report that CNP circulates at various concentrations (median, 13 pg/mL), was unaffected by sex, was weakly associated by age, and that highest quartile of CNP identified a high-risk phenotype. Subjects with CNP in the highest quartile were associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio, 1.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–2.09;
P
=0.01) but not heart failure, cerebrovascular accidents, or death during a follow-up of 12 years. Addition of the highest quartile of CNP to clinical variables led to a modest increase in the integrated discrimination improvement for risk of myocardial infarction. In a large community-based cohort, elevated circulating CNP identified a high-risk phenotype that included cardiovascular comorbidities and left ventricular dysfunction, and provided evidence that highest concentrations of CNP potentially has prognostic value in predicting future risk of myocardial infarction. Together, these data from the general population highlight the potential value of CNP and support the need for additional studies to evaluate whether mechanisms regulating CNP could improve outcomes.
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Rates and Associated Independent Predictors for Progression of Nontarget Lesions in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation
Authors: Wang Le , Zhou Yujie , Peng Pingan , Xu Xiaohan , Yang Shiwei , Liu Wei , Han Hongya , Jia Dean , Wang Jianlong , Ji Qingwei , Ge Hailong , Liu Yuyang , Shi Dongmei , Zhao Yingxin
Published: April 2015

Little is known about clinically driven percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) rates and predictors for progression of nontarget lesions in diabetic patients who have undergone drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and angiographic data of 2187 diabetic patients undergoing DES implantation. The cumulative rate of nontarget lesion PCI was 6.3% at 1 year, 14.3% at 2 years, and 19.8% at 3 years. The independent predictors of need for clinically driven PCI in patients with diabetes mellitus after DES implantation included obesity (odds ratio [OR] 2.303, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.657-3.199, P < .001), low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR 1.412, 95% CI 1.114-1.789, P = .004), statin use (OR 0.669, 95% CI 0.454-0.986, P = .042), insulin use (OR 1.310, 95% CI 1.030-1.665, P = .027), and Synergy Between PCI With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) score (OR 1.061, 95% CI 1.045-1.077, P < .001) at baseline PCI. These findings may facilitate prediction of the risk of repeat revascularization and improve repeat revascularization rates in diabetic patients after DES implantation.
Checking In
Authors: Monaghan Maureen , Clary Lauren , Mehta Priya , Stern Alexa , Sharkey Christina , Cogen Fran R. , Vaidyanathan Priya , Streisand Randi
Published: April 2015

Low-cost, translatable interventions to promote adherence in adolescents with type 1 diabetes are needed. This study evaluated a brief physician-delivered intervention designed to increase parent–adolescent communication about blood glucose monitoring. Thirty adolescent–parent dyads completed baseline questionnaires and received the physician-delivered intervention. Participants completed follow-up questionnaires at 12 weeks; HbA1c and glucometer data were abstracted from medical charts. Parent-reported conflict surrounding diabetes management decreased from pre- to postintervention. Participants who reported adhering to the intervention plan (n = 15) demonstrated an increase in blood glucose monitoring frequency and trends in improved HbA1c and parental diabetes collaboration from pre- to postintervention. Participants and physicians reported overall satisfaction with the program. Results demonstrate initial feasibility as well as a trend toward improvement in diabetes-specific health indicators for parent–adolescent dyads who adhered to program components. Frequent joint review of glucometer data can be a useful strategy to improve type 1 diabetes–related health outcomes and parent–adolescent communication.
Narrating family histories: Negotiating identity and belonging through tropes of nostalgia and authenticity
Authors: Bennett Julia
Published: April 2015

Studying change is at the heart of any investigation into social life, whilst continuity is seen as central to a stable identity over time. Change is an unsettling, but inevitable, part of everyday life; continuity speaks of repetition over time, unity and the comfort of belonging. This article examines how themes of nostalgia and authenticity are evoked in telling family histories in order to negotiate change and create a continuous story of belonging. Three family histories demonstrate how material objects, places and claims of family resemblances are used to create both authentic identities and authentic selves belonging to the wider community. Where there is a break in the family story and the ‘world of restorable reach’ is no longer available nostalgia creeps in to replace personal stories with communal ones. Through using both nostalgia, to inform a sense of loss and sometimes a shared past, and authenticity, to create a sense of continuity within an overall arc of change, this article shows how family histories can work to maintain identities over time, retaining a sense of ontological security and belonging in place.
Biopolitics in the Trial of Jesus (John 18:28–19:16a)*
Authors: Lim Sung Uk
Published: April 2015

This article explores the biopolitical dimension of the trial of Jesus in John 18:28–19:16a from the Agambenian perspective of “bare life.” According to Giorgio Agamben, bare life, namely, life at risk of death through sovereign power, operates in the “state of exception.” The state of exception is a state wherein the threshold between the juridical order and anomie, or that between an insider and outsider of the juridical order becomes blurred as a result of a law that is suspended from its effectiveness yet is effective in its suspension. Jesus can be interpreted as a bare life in a zone of absolute undecidability in which both the Jewish and Roman laws simultaneously are operative and ineffectual. More specifically, Jesus is an insider in both the Jewish and Roman worlds on the grounds that he is subject to both the rules of Judaism and the Roman Empire. But at the same time, Jesus is an outsider from both the Jewish and Roman worlds explicitly because his kingship goes beyond both earthly rules (18:36; cf. 8:23; 17:14, 16). Paradoxically, Jesus is simultaneously an insider in and an outsider from each of the Jewish and Roman sovereignties. That is to say, Jesus lives in both of the sovereignties, while at the same time belonging to neither of them. It follows from this that Jesus resides in an in-between zone between insider and outsider. My contention, therefore, is that Jesus is such a liminal character—an unfixed and unfixable character in a zone of uncertainty—that he subverts the sovereign power and hierarchical dualism of the Jewish and Roman worlds.
Social class at birth and risk of psychosis
Authors: O’Donoghue Brian , Fanning Felicity , Lyne John , Renwick Laoise , Madigan Kevin , Kinsella Anthony , Lane Abbie , Turner Niall , O’Callaghan Eadbhard , Clarke Mary
Published: April 2015

Background:

Individuals with psychotic disorders are represented more in the lower social classes, yet there is conflicting evidence to whether these individuals drift into the lower social classes or whether lower social class is a risk factor for developing psychosis. The aim of this study was to examine whether the social class at birth is a risk factor for developing psychosis.

Methods:

We included individuals with a first episode of psychosis (FEP) whose social class at birth was determined from birth records. We employed a case-control study design and also compared the distribution of the social classes at birth of the cases to that of the general population.

Results:

A total of 380 individuals with an FEP and 760 controls were included in the case-control study. The odds ratio for developing an FEP associated with social class (low vs high) was .62 (95% confidence interval (CI): .46–.85, p < .001), indicating that individuals from a lower social class at birth have a reduced risk of psychosis. Individuals born between 1961 and 1980 with an FEP were more likely to be from a higher social class at birth compared to the general population (60.8% vs 36.7%, χ2 = 60.85, df = 1, p < .001). However, this association was not observed for those born between 1981 and 1990.

Conclusion:

A higher social class at birth is associated with a greater risk for developing a psychotic disorder; however, this effect may show temporal variation.
Knowledge sharing motivation in the public sector: the role of public service motivation
Authors: Chen Chung-An , Hsieh Chih-Wei
Published: April 2015

The literature on knowledge sharing motivation has addressed the importance of both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation to sharing knowledge. However, a theory of knowledge sharing motivation in the public sector requires particular consideration since government’s main concern is in public service, not profits. Therefore, the present study introduces the concept of public service motivation (PSM) to the study of knowledge sharing among civil servants. Based on the PSM theory, this study postulates that civil servants’ interest in policy making, commitment to the public interest, compassion, and willingness for self-sacrifice can drive them to share knowledge for a sacred reason – serving the public interest. By using the data collected from middle-level public managers in Taiwan, the authors empirically tested whether PSM predicts knowledge sharing, and our hypotheses received strong support. Thus, PSM opens a new window for researchers interested in the study of knowledge sharing in the public sector.

Points for practitioners

With the introduction of PSM, the present study connects knowledge sharing with public administration. Public service as a calling leads civil servants to share knowledge in order to create more advanced organizational knowledge and accordingly improve public service performance. Compared to situational factors (e.g. the use of information technology and rewards), PSM plays an even more pivotal role in promoting knowledge sharing, according to the results of our empirical research. Thus, altruistic motivation should be addressed and emphasized if knowledge sharing in the public sector is to be encouraged.
Contested legacy: An Anglican looks at Vatican II
Authors: Avis Paul
Published: April 2015

On the fiftieth anniversary of the end of the Second Vatican Council, this article affirms the huge significance of the Council for the whole Christian Church, examines the ways in which the Council’s legacy has been contested by conservatives and liberals in the Roman Catholic Church, and recommends some resources for the study of the Council’s teaching. It concludes by noting the extraordinary power of the popes and other Church leaders, to set the tone for their churches.
‘The remembering self’: Reflections on reconciliation and its absence
Authors: Leah Gordon
Published: April 2015

Referring initially to Sandor Marai’s novel, Embers, where a man seeks revenge for past wrongs rather than reconciliation, this piece maintains that reconciliation can result solely from complete remembrance of past hurt, then its confession and acceptance by victim and perpetrator. While humanity in resentment, pride and intransigence struggles and often fails to achieve this because remembrance of hurt is too strong, Christ through his free decision to reconcile the world to God offers reconciliation by his identification with the hurt of all parties, thus creating atonement. I consider Cain and Abel and Luke 15, theologians and lay scholars.
Difficult Texts
Authors: Harvey A. E.
Published: April 2015

An exploration of the text: ‘There are eunuchs who have been so from birth, and there are eunuchs who have been made so by others, and there are eunuchs who have made themselves eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom of heaven.’
Collaborative Local Cultural Governance
Authors: Gugu Silvia , Dal Molin Martina
Published: April 2015

The cross-sectional nature of cultural policy has led to the proliferation of partnerships among the public, private, and societal sectors, particularly at the local level. Despite the increase in such collaborations, there is little academic research on how actor diversity is shaping local cultural governance. This study aims to understand how actor diversity affects governance dimensions in a Cultural District in Italy. Our findings suggest a number of challenges for local government, which render them vulnerable to political instability, perpetuate power and resource imbalances, and undermine leadership.
Industrialization on Chicago’s Periphery: Examining Industrial Decentralization, 1893–1936
Authors: Miller Edward V.
Published: April 2015

Industrial decentralization in the last decade of the nineteenth century and the first third of the twentieth century is usually presented as a straightforward process in which central city firms built new factories on suburban greenfield sites. The conventional wisdom is that these sites were located just beyond the central city, or adjacent built up areas, on the urban fringe. The essay argues that this view of industrial growth on Chicago’s periphery fails to capture important nuances of capital flow and suggests expanding the current industrial decentralization models to include outlying industrial settlements.
Civil Society from the Underground
Authors: Weiß Peter Ulrich
Published: April 2015

In the 1980s, the “red border town,” as Potsdam was called then, was a center of the East German left-wing punk and skinhead movement; as a countermovement it soon became a location for right-wing extremist violence and counter-violence. To confront right-wing organizing, Antifa groups were established in Potsdam and other towns nearby, bringing the taboo topic of neo-Nazism as a social problem to the public’s attention. Initially, the SED state tried to downplay the confrontations as typical conflicts between youth groups; however, the newly founded Antifa groups were openly criminalized from the start. This course of action led to protests by both the left-wing alternative scene and the political civil rights movement. In memorandums and practical political actions, the Antifa groups fundamentally criticized the state, its failure to mold a socialist people, its militarization of society, and the state-enforced consensus of silence. In 1989, this critical approach became a part of the revolutionary, pro-democratic protest and reform movement, and Potsdam’s anti-Nazi League itself became an active factor of local revolutionary upheaval, a factor that has been largely ignored by research as well as memorial culture. This article uses the city of Potsdam as an example of how communication—a democratic process in itself—between subcultures and information transfer occurred between the center and periphery, that is, socialist capital, district town and surroundings. In addition, the article will also analyze the Antifa movement as a political and urban phenomenon of town environments and follows the question as to which locations the confrontations arose and why.
The Effects of Work-Reinforcer Schedules on Skill Acquisition for Children With Autism
Authors: Kocher Colleen P. , Howard Monica R. , Fienup Daniel M.
Published: April 2015

This study evaluated the effects of continuous and discontinuous work-reinforcer schedule arrangements on skill acquisition for three students with autism. Participants were initially exposed to both schedules in an alternating schedules condition where they were taught different but equivalent skills for each schedule. In the discontinuous schedule condition, participants completed work in small increments to gain access to a reinforcer for short periods of time. In the continuous schedule condition, participants completed larger increments of work to gain longer access to a reinforcer. Results showed that two participants mastered the target responses with both schedules and the third participant only met mastery criterion with the continuous schedule. Preference for schedules varied across participants. Session duration was consistently shorter during the continuous work-reinforcer schedule, suggesting that continuous work-reinforcer schedules are more efficient. Participants engaged with the reinforcer less when provided longer access, suggesting that reinforcer access might be reduced with continuous schedules for further efficiency gains.
The Coffin Bison Kill (5JA7)
Authors: Byerly Ryan M , Roberson Joanna C , Egeland Charles P
Published: April 2015

A growing body of research is geared towards bridging the blurred perspectives of archaeology and ethnohistory into cohesive statements about the pre- and post-contact history of the Northern Great Plains to elaborate upon the highly dynamic cultural interactions among and between the Native groups who occupied this region, and the myriad Euro-Americans that infiltrated and settled it. This paper seeks to add to the data pool available to these discussions by presenting preliminary results from surveys and test excavations at the Coffin Bison Kill (5JA7), a Late Prehistoric- through Protohistoric-era (ca. 460–120 cal B.P.) bison kill-butchery that is situated at the head of the North Platte River Valley in northern Colorado. This region, and perhaps this site, both feature prominently in Euro-American historical accounts and Native American ethnogeography, and its archaeology can offer a unique window into late period cultural evolution, particularly with regard to the complexities born of US Western expansion.
The transformation process for palliative care professionals: The metamorphosis, a qualitative research study
Authors: Mota Vargas Rafael , Mahtani-Chugani Vinita , Solano Pallero María , Rivero Jiménez Borja , Cabo Domínguez Raquel , Robles Alonso Vicente
Published: April 2015

Background:

Palliative care professionals are exposed daily to high levels of suffering. This makes them particularly vulnerable to suffering from stress, which can lead to burnout and/or compassion fatigue.

Aims:

To analyse the professional trajectory of palliative care workers over time and the factors which influence this trajectory.

Design:

A qualitative study was designed based on the Grounded Theory approach, using semi-structured individual interviews. Interviews were recorded audio-visually and transcribed verbatim for subsequent analysis using the procedure described by Miles and Huberman. This process was supported using ATLAS.ti 6 software.

Setting/participants:

A total of 10 palliative care professionals from Extremadura (Spain) took part in the study.

Results:

The analysis revealed a common trajectory followed by participants in their working lives: pre-palliative care/honeymoon/frustration/maturation. In addition, factors which influence this trajectory were identified. Details of the self-care strategies that these professionals have developed are described. The result of this process, which we have metaphorically termed ‘metamorphosis’, is the formation of a professional who can work satisfactorily within a palliative care context.

Conclusion:

During their professional activity, palliative care professionals go through a series of phases, depending on the relationship between the cost of caring and the satisfaction of caring, which can influence both the care provided to patients and families and their own personal circumstances. Being aware of this risk, and implementing self-care strategies, can protect professionals and enable them to conduct their work in an optimal manner. Reflecting on the experiences of these professionals could be useful for other health professionals.
Intracranial abnormalities and headache: A population-based imaging study (HUNT MRI)
Authors: Honningsvåg Lasse-Marius , Hagen Knut , Håberg Asta , Stovner Lars Jacob , Linde Mattias
Published: April 2015

Background

Most studies on intracranial abnormalities among headache sufferers were performed in selected clinical populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between intracranial abnormalities and headache among middle-aged adults in the general population.

Methods

Participants in a large epidemiological study (the HUNT 3 study; 2006–2008) who answered a headache questionnaire and participated in a population-based imaging study of the head (HUNT MRI; 2007–2009) were included ( n = 864; age, 50–65 at enrollment). Based on the responses to the HUNT 3 questionnaire, respondents were categorized as having migraine, tension-type headache, or unclassified headache. Logistic regression was used to compare the occurrence of intracranial abnormalities between groups.

Results

Intracranial abnormalities were more common in headache sufferers than in headache-free individuals (29% vs. 22%, respectively; p = 0.041). Adjusted multivariate analyses revealed that those with tension-type headache had higher odds of having minor abnormalities (odds ratio, 2.13; 95% confidence interval = 1.18–3.85). This association disappeared when those with only white matter hyperintensities were removed from the analysis.

Conclusions

Headache sufferers had increased odds of minor intracranial abnormalities. The increased odds were primarily related to the presence of white matter hyperintensities.
Minimally Invasive Coracoclavicular Ligament Reconstruction With a Flip-Button Technique (MINAR)
Authors: Rosslenbroich Steffen B. , Schliemann Benedikt , Schneider Kristian N. , Metzlaff Sebastian L. , Koesters Clemens A. , Weimann Andre , Petersen Wolf , Raschke Michael J.
Published: April 2015

Background:

Acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation is a frequent injury in sports.

Hypothesis:

A minimally invasive flip-button technique, MINAR (minimally invasive acromioclavicular joint reconstruction), will achieve good clinical and radiographic results in the surgical treatment of high-grade AC joint dislocations.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

In this study, 96 patients with AC joint dislocation grades III through V and minimally invasive flip-button repair were identified. Radiographic assessment was performed by use of the Alexander view and by anteroposterior stress radiograph. Clinical outcomes were assessed with the Constant and Taft scores. Factors that influenced outcomes, such as age, time from trauma to surgery, and degree of dislocation, were evaluated.

Results:

Of the 96 patients, 83 (86.4%; 3 women and 80 men) were able to participate in clinical and radiographic follow-up. The average age of the participants was 39 years (range, 17-80 years). At a mean follow-up of 39 months (range, 12-78 months), clinical assessment revealed excellent results with a mean Constant score of 94.7 (range, 61-100). Clinical and radiological assessment using the Taft score also showed excellent results, with a mean score of 10.8 (range, 3-12). The mean time period from trauma to surgery was 6 days (range, 0-22 days), and mean duration of surgery was 48 minutes (range, 24-98 minutes). Nine patients (10.8%) underwent revision surgery due to recurrent dislocation (n = 8) or wound infection (n = 1). Radiological assessment showed that 18 patients had sustained a loss of reduction defined as subluxation of 50% of the clavicle shaft width in the vertical plane. However, there was no significant correlation ( P = .254) with clinical outcome. Patient age was a relevant factor influencing outcome, as significantly higher outcome values were detected for younger patients ( P = .024). No significant influence was shown for the time period from trauma to surgery ( P = .336) or degree of dislocation after trauma ( P = .987).

Conclusion:

The MINAR technique is a safe procedure and achieves good to excellent clinical and radiographic results in the surgical treatment of high-grade AC joint dislocations. Despite the simplicity of this technique, the surgeon has to overcome the learning curve to minimize the risk of recurrent dislocation.
The Conditions of Beginning Reading Instruction for Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Spector Janet E. , Cavanaugh Brian J.
Published: April 2015

A disproportionate number of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are below grade level in reading. This trend may be due in part to characteristics of the disability, but it may also reflect lack of access to the instructional conditions needed for success in beginning reading. In this study, we surveyed special education teachers to investigate the conditions of reading instruction for K-3 students with ASD. Consistent with recommendations regarding beginning reading, teachers ( n = 66) indicated that the vast majority of students with ASD ( n = 226) participated in daily reading instruction and received more comprehensive instruction than the sight word approach that has been used in the past. Findings of concern included frequency of use of paraprofessionals to provide primary instruction, teachers’ relatively low self-efficacy for teaching reading to students with ASD, and provision of less than the recommended instructional time for K-3 reading.
Random Sample, Quota Sample
Authors: Bréchon Pierre
Published: April 2015

The EVS survey comprised in France two subsamples, one built randomly, the other according to the method of “enhanced quotas”. This article first presents the mechanism implemented by emphasizing the difficulties to obtain random interviews. Then it compares the two samples, first for variables entering the quota, and for other background variables, finally for dependent variables. The quota sample proves better than the random sample. Too educated, too rural, too old, the latter is also more politicized than the quota sample, which contradicts the usual critics of this methodology. The article finally shows that after weightings, the two parts of the sample have results sufficiently close to constitute an entity regarded as representative of the French population.
Musical Distinctions in England – Understanding Cultural Homology and Omnivourism through a Methods Comparison
Authors: Leguina Adrian
Published: April 2015

P. Bourdieu’s homology thesis and R. A. Peterson’s cultural omnivourism have particularly captured the attention of scholars on cultural stratification. Research has supported one hypothesis, the other, or both simultaneously. Meanwhile, a question remains unanswered: do different statistical methods offer consistent results? This article reviews and compares several methodological frameworks published over the last 30 years. The wide range of alternatives has sometimes generated contradictory results. English musical taste and distaste indicators from the Cultural Capital and Social Exclusion project (CCSE) are analysed. Through direct comparison of statistical methods, it is demonstrated that results are consistent and complementary. Moreover, it is argued that there is no ideal methodological blueprint.
CAOS—Episodic Cerebellar Ataxia, Areflexia, Optic Atrophy, and Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Heimer Gali , Sadaka Yair , Israelian Lori , Feiglin Ariel , Ruggieri Alessandra , Marshall Christian R. , Scherer Stephen W. , Ganelin-Cohen Esther , Marek-Yagel Dina , Tzadok Michal , Nissenkorn Andreea , Anikster Yair , Minassian Berge A. , Zeev Bruria Ben
Published: April 2015

We describe the molecular basis of a distinctive syndrome characterized by infantile stress-induced episodic weakness, ataxia, and sensorineural hearing loss, with permanent areflexia and optic nerve pallor. Whole exome sequencing identified a deleterious heterozygous c.2452 G>A, p.(E818K) variant in the ATP1A3 gene and structural analysis predicted its protein-destabilizing effect. This variant has not been reported in context with rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism and alternating hemiplegia of childhood, the 2 main diseases associated with ATP1A3. The clinical presentation in the family described here differs categorically from these diseases in age of onset, clinical course, cerebellar over extrapyramidal movement disorder predominance, and peripheral nervous system involvement. While this paper was in review, a highly resembling phenotype was reported in additional patients carrying the same c.2452 G>A variant. Our findings substantiate this variant as the cause of a unique inherited autosomal dominant neurologic syndrome that constitutes a third allelic disease of the ATP1A3 gene.
Electrospun/electrosprayed polyurethane biomembranes with ciprofloxacin and clove oil extract for urinary devices
Authors: Macocinschi Doina , Filip Daniela , Vlad Stelian , Cernatescu Corina , Tuchilus Cristina Gabriela , Gafitanu Carmen Anatolia , Dumitriu Raluca Petronela
Published: April 2015

Polyurethane–eugenol solutions in N,N-dimethyl formamide were electrospun/electrosprayed onto polyurethane–ciprofloxacin biomembranes to obtain drug delivery systems for urinary devices. Following electrospinning/electrospraying, particle-fiber morphology was evidenced by scanning electronic microscope analysis. Contact angle determinations along with surface free energy calculations, moisture diffusion test, and diffusion coefficient determinations were done for polyurethane–ciprofloxacin biomembranes. Determination of bioactive ciprofloxacin release kinetics evidences non-Fickian/anomalous/diffusion mechanism, coupling Fickian diffusion with the relaxation of the polymeric chains within the matrix network. A slight increase in n values for electrospun/electrosprayed coated samples evidenced a behavior closer to a case II transport mechanism with zero-order kinetics. The biological activity of the electrospun/electrosprayed polyurethane membrane samples tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Sarcina lutea, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed comparable antibacterial activity with standard ciprofloxacin.
The Bosom Buddy Project
Authors: Friesen Carol A. , Hormuth Laura J. , Curtis Terry J.
Published: April 2015

In 2012, the Indiana Black Breastfeeding Coalition (IBBC) used grant funds to increase participation in the Bosom Buddy Project, an original breastfeeding support group that pairs breastfeeding mothers with trained mentors. Resources for local organizations that support breastfeeding are extremely limited, making it difficult to expand programs and services. This article describes a variety of strategies used by the IBBC to expand programs and services. These activities provide a template for other community-based organizations that wish to provide culturally sensitive breastfeeding support in their community.