bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Política Nacional da Saúde do Trabalhador e da Trabalhadora: uma reflexão sobre a gestão da saúde e doença da classe-que-vive-do-trabalho
Authors: Rafagnin Maritânia Salete Salvi , Rafagnin Thiago Ribeiro
Published: September 2020

Busca-se realizar uma discussão acerca da Política Nacional de Saúde do Trabalhador e da Trabalhadora (PNSTT), no contexto brasileiro, a partir de uma reflexão sobre o processo de saúde e doença da classe-que-vive-do-trabalho. Para tanto, parte-se do pressuposto teórico que uma política, quando delineada e implementada, pode resultar num processo duplo, produzindo por um lado, personagens sociais e por outro, estabelecendo um domínio de intervenção do Estado. A partir da análise realizada, verificou-se que no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde, a atuação é voltada apenas para o tratamento das doenças, invisibilizando os trabalhadores, deixando, assim, de relacionar o processo de trabalho com o adoecimento. Ademais, identificou-se que embora seja uma política com atenção ampla aos trabalhadores, no imaginário social, tem como personagem o trabalhador inserido no mercado formal, que desempenha atividades de risco relacionadas ao “trabalho pesado”. Com relação aos limites de atuação do Estado, pode-se observar que agindo apenas com medidas de tratamento, não se assegura a promoção e prevenção da ST. Esse desempenho, por sua vez, leva-nos a concluir que o foco da atenção estatal parece estar direcionado, prioritariamente, para os interesses econômicos do capital.
Quem é o novo pai? Concepções sobre o exercício da paternidade na família contemporânea
Authors: Torzeczki Trage Fernanda , Donelli Tagma Marina Schneider
Published: September 2020

O presente estudo tem como tema o papel paterno na atualidade. Para tal, definiu-se como objetivo geral compreender, a partir do olhar do novo pai, o exercício da paternidade na família contemporânea. Utilizou-se delineamento exploratório-descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa. Participaram desta pesquisa três pais, moradores da cidade de Porto Alegre/ RS e região metropolitana, que responderam os seguintes instrumentos: Ficha de Triagem, Ficha de Dados Sociodemográficos e Entrevista Semiestruturada. Com os dados coletados por meio da entrevista, realizou-se uma análise do conteúdo das falas dos participantes. Tal análise foi desenvolvida, tendo como base duas categorias: a percepção do entrevistado sobre o exercício da paternidade e a percepção do entrevistado sobre a paternidade na condição de filho. Os resultados apontaram que ser pai, na atualidade, afasta-se dos modelos tradicionais, uma vez que os pais exercem uma postura diferente com seus filhos da vivenciada na sua relação com seus progenitores. O pai contemporâneo mostra-se envolvido emocionalmente, mais participativo e comprometido, dividindo as tarefas de cuidado dos filhos e da casa com a esposa. A partir do ponto de vista do próprio pai, chegou-se a esses resultados, sendo possível compreender o exercício da paternidade na família contemporânea.
Effects of COVID-19 on non-communicable diseases and reproductive health services in a district hospital of Nepal
Authors: Rajan Ghimire , Sugat Adhikari
Published: September 2020

COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on the socio-economic, cultural, and health of people. There is increased morbidity if a patient with comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes) is infected with SARS-CoV 2. On the other hand, there are increased complications related to hypertension, diabetes, and unwanted pregnancies during this pandemic. We did a retrospective study in a district hospital in Nepal to see this effect. We found that there was an increased incidence of uncontrolled diabetes, hypertension, and safe abortions. So while making plans for overall health during this pandemics, proper management of non-communicable diseases and reproductive health services should be considered.
CRAC Analysis in Budding Yeast with HTP Tagged Proteins v1
Authors: Bayne Rosey , Bresson Stefan , David Tollervey not provided , Wallace Edward
Published: September 2020

CRAC (Cross-linking and cDNA Analysis) is a method that uses UV-crosslinking to identify which RNAs bind to an RNA-Binding Protein of interest and the specific sites in the RNA where this binding occurs. CRAC is one of the family of UV crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP) protocols, reviewed by Lee and Ule (DOI: 0.1016/j.molcel.2018.01.005).The protein is tagged with with a tandem affinity tag: in this protocol we use an HTP tag (His6-TEV-ProteinA) that allows immuno-affinity purification of the protein with its cross-linked RNAs by binding of the ProteinA moiety of the tag to IgG Sepharose columns. After washing, the protein is then released from the column by cleavage with TEV protease and subjected to nickel-affinity purification through the His6 moiety under highly denaturing conditions. This allows accurate mapping of RNA binding sites (Bohnsack, et al, DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-396546-2.00013-9) ; Granneman, S. et al (DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0901997106 ). The protocol can also be adapted for use with HTF (His6-TEV-FLAG3) tags (Tree, J.J. et al, DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.05.006) or HF (His8-Ala4-FLAG) tags (Bresson, S., Shchepachev, V., Spanos, C., Turowski, T., Rappsilber, J. and Tollervey, D.(2020): DOI: /10.1101/2020.05.14.096354) by replacing the IgG sepharose column with anti-FLAG magnetic beads and elution with excess FLAG peptide, removing the need for TEV cleavage which can be inefficient. The cDNA libraries generated allow a transcriptome -wide analysis of the interactome of the protein.
LyGo cloning v1
Authors: Bach Falkenberg Kristoffer , Hernandez Rollan Cristina , Rennig Maja , Birk Bertelsen Andreas , Norholm Morten
Published: September 2020

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenses (LPMOs) are enzymes that play a critical role in breaking the chemical bonds of the most abundant polymers found in recalcitrant biomass, such as cellulose and chitin. LyGo cloning (Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase Golden Gate cloning) is a versatile heterologous expression platform for LPMOs, which is compatible with cloning both PCR products and synthetic gene fragments with a simple 15-minute assembly step. The method allows for parallel construction of multiple expression vectors, enabling exploration of several expression strategies. The open-source LyGo collection consists of vectors for some of the most relevant model organisms used for protein production in both academic and industrial settings. This protocol describes how to clone LyGo fragments into LyGo vectors.
Transformation of heterolous DNA in Bacillus subtilis v1
Authors: Bach Falkenberg Kristoffer , Hernandez Rollan Cristina , Rennig Maja , Birk Bertelsen Andreas , Norholm Morten
Published: September 2020

B. subtilis is a gram-positive bacteria used by both academia and industry as a protein production workhorse. This is due to its' excellent fermentation properties, high production titers, and capacity to secrete proteins into the extracellular medium. This protocol describes transformation of B. subtilis by natural competence. The method utilizes the natural stress-induced competence of B. subtilis to take up heterologous DNA. The protocol requires the cells to be grown for a specific amount of time in starvation media (SM). The protocol is adapted from Vojcic, L., Despotovic, D., Martinez, R., Maurer, K., & Schwaneberg, U. (2012). An efficient transformation method for Bacillus subtilis DB104. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 94(2), 487–493. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-012-3987-2.
Polisiye Romanlarda Ölüm Nedeni Olarak Zehir ve Yüksek Doz İlaç: Agatha Christie ve Ahmet Ümit Eserlerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: Tırmıkçıoğlu Zeynep
Published: September 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the use of poison or high-dose drugs as the cause of death in western and Turkish literature.
Materials and Methods:  The works of Agatha Christie and Ahmet Ümit were examined as examples of crime novels. The use of poison or high-dose drugs as the murder weapon and cause of death, the properties of these drugs and substances, and the findings of poisoning were given in the work were evaluated comparatively.
Results: In the Agatha Christie novels, various poisons and drugs are given by mixing them into the victim's food or drink. The victims ' causes of death are cyanide in “Ten Little Niggers (And Then They Were None)”, “Sparkling Cyanide” and “Mirror Crack’d from Side to Side”; and morphine in “Sad Cypress” and “Death Comes As The End”. In Agatha Christie's other novels, strychnine, taxine, thallium, phosphorus, arsenic, hemlock, aconitine, belladonna,physostigmine, nicotine and a drug containing barbituric acid have been used as the murder weapon.
In the novels of Ahmet Ümit, murder weapons such as knives and pistols appear instead of poisonous preparations that kill the victim. On the other hand, Ahmet Ümit's novel "İstanbul Hatırası" shows that the victims were neutralized with propofol, a short-acting anesthetic, before being killed, and mivacurium, a neuromuscular blocker, in “Kırlangıç Çığlığı”. The main theme in the novel "Sultanı Öldürmek" is that Fatih Sultan Mehmet may have been poisoned with opium or a similar substance, while in this novel the murder weapon is a...
Assessing the Nature of Job Satisfaction Level: A Study on Private Bank Employees in Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan Md. Najmul , Afrin Shazia , Rahman Mostafijur , Ahmed Alim Al Ayub
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study is to assess the nature of the job satisfaction level of private bank employees in Bangladesh. It used a semi-structured questionnaire which contains both pre-coded and open-ended questions. All questions were rated with the Likert 5-point scale. A Chi-square test was used to assess the relationship between independent and dependent variables. In this study, a significant inter-class relationship was observed between demographic characteristics namely sex, age, designation, salary, and family member, marital status, working environment, service period and family income, and job satisfaction indicators which are, participation in decision making, training facilities, autonomy in work, gender discrimination, working hour, chance of promotion, increase knowledge & capacity, the practice of MBO and surprisingly availability of tools and resources had no significant relation with any demographic factors. Employees who work as an officer (93.3%, p< .001) and withdraw salary 25,001-35,000 (88.2%, p< .000) cannot participate in decision making. But who works in the participative environment (83.9%, p< .000) get a proper training facility. Employees with <30-year age (83.3%, p< .016) cannot practice autonomy. Unmarried workers (53.8%, p< .006) face gender discrimination. Employees who work in an Autonomous environment (76.0%, p< .00001) do not get enough working hours. Employees with 30-35-year age (80.8%), p< .002) do not get a proper promotion. Male (98.0%, p< .001) report the organization increases its capacity and knowledge. Employees work in an autonomous environment (88.0%, p< .002) report that organization practices MBO. This study also shows that female employees are more satisfied than males. The overall situation can be improved by guaranteeing employees participation in decision making, regular training, providing appropriate increments and promotion, redesigning working hours and environment, and removing gender discrimination. Further Study is recommended.
THE EFFECT OF THE USE OF DIFFERENT COVER MATERIALS ON HEAT TRANSFER IN FLAT SOLAR COLLECTORS
Authors: TEKKALMAZ Mesut , TİMURALP Çisil , SERT Zerrin
Published: September 2020

In this study, combined thermal radiation and natural convection heat transfer from glass and plastic
cover flat solar collectors is examined by varying tilt angle and cover materials. The flat-plate solar collector tilt
angle is varied from 0º to 45º. The performance of glass, lexan, and acrylic cover materials is investigated.
Numerical simulations have been performed for various solar collector thicknesses exposed to external ambient
temperature and wind heat transfer coefficient. Continuity, momentum and the energy equations, along with the
Boussinesq approach, are solved with the finite volume method using the SIMPLE algorithm. The cover
temperature and the top loss coefficient are calculated for each cover material, collector tilt angle and bottom
plate temperature, wind heat transfer coefficient and external ambient temperature. The flow and temperature
field are obtained, and the mean convection and radiation Nusselt numbers are calculated for the bottom plate.
The analytically and numerically computed glass cover temperatures are found to be in perfect agreement. The
top loss coefficient of the plastic cover is lower than that of the glass cover. It is determined that with increasing
heat input from the bottom plate, the top loss coefficient and the mean cover material temperature increase
linearly. As the external ambient temperature increases, the top loss coefficient and the cover material
temperature do not present any significant change.
NUMERICAL EVALUATION OF THERMO-HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE INDEX OF A DOUBLE PIPE HEAT EXCHANGER USING DOUBLE SIDED LOUVERED WINGLET TAPE
Authors: THEJARAJU R , GİRİSHA Kb , MANJUNATH Sh , DAYANANDA Bs
Published: September 2020

The decade has witnessed great importance of numerical techniques for scientists and researchers in deciding the correctness, stability, and reliability of new designs. In the present study a numerical technique has been implemented to investigate the thermo-hydraulic performance of the Louvered winglet tape inside the tube section of the double pipe heat exchanger. The Louvered winglet tape has been examined with the slope angle of 50, 100, 150 and 210 to study their thermal characteristics. The Reynolds number 4000-30000 was examined on slope angle of 50, 100, 150 and 210 to study their flow characteristics in the turbulent domain. A smooth pipe was examined to evaluate heat transfer characteristics in terms of Nusselt number and friction coefficient over augmented tube with Louvered winglet tape. The results show a satisfactory performance of Louvered winglet tape over the smooth tube with a similar trend of friction factor, Nusselt number, and thermo-hydraulic performance index (THPI). The percentage of increment of the Nusselt number of the results is found to be 237.04%, 258.4%, 275.11%, and 289.72% when compared to smooth pipe with respect to slope angle of 50, 100, 150 and 210, respectively. The amount of increase in the friction factor in comparison with plain tube is 5.13, 6.73, 8.33, and 11.73 times of that of smooth pipe with respect to slope angle of 50, 100, 150 and 210, respectively. The Louvered winglet tape with slope angle 150 has shown to be promising with respect to higher THPI when considering with other slope angle of 50, 100, and 210. The maximum THPI of 1.85 was obtained for slope angle 150 at Re 12000. Similarly, the THPI values for other slope angle 50, 100, and 210 are 1.71, 1.78 and 1.69. In addition to better performance the Louvered winglet tape can be easily fabricated and adapted for a wide variety of heat transfer industries.
CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIVIDUAL INDICES OF THE DISABILITY OF ELDERLY AND SENILE PEOPLE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN DYNAMICS
Authors: Grinin Vasiliy M. , Shestemirova E. I
Published: September 2020

To date, the problem of disability, as well as the problem of the aging of the population has not lost its relevance, not only in Russia but also worldwide. So far with the aim of the analysis of the representation of data of disability in elderly persons in the period from 2012 to 2016 there was studied by the official annual statistics on the level of morbidity and disability in the elderly population of the Russian Federation over the past 4 years. In the course of the study there were identified features of these indices with primary disability in persons of the advanced age in Russia, according to the data of Bureau of Health Sociology Examination (BMSE), characterizing the medical and social significance of the problem, which demonstrates the need for changes in the health care organization under consideration of the contingent of the population.
DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION IN RUSSIA: MEDICAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS
Authors: Shurgaya Marina A. , Memetov S. S , Ivanova T. A , Karaeva A. F , Lyalina I. V
Published: September 2020

Since the beginning of the 90s of the last century, significant structural changes in the country’s economy, the transition from a planned economy to a market economy, which was accompanied by a deterioration in the socioeconomic status of the population, took place in Russia. This adversely affected the health of citizens. The health of the population has progressively worsened, life expectancy has declined, the population has been shrinking at an alarming rate. Since 2006, the dynamics of the main demographic indices in Russia is favorable. There is a tendency to reduce the natural decline in population. Life expectancy indices reflecting the state of health of the population and the death rate increased, reached 71.9 years in the general population in 2016 (among women - 77.1 years, among men - 66.5 years). The demographic situation in Russia is characterized by an aging population. In 2014, the contingent of the older generation (33.8 million - 23.0%) prevailed over the children population (24.7 million - 17.2%) and this ratio is maintained as of January 1, 2017: the population of children is 36 685 thousand people (18.3%), working age population accounts of 83 224 thousand people, the elderly - 36 685 thousand people (25%). The increase in life expectancy is associated with a gain in the incidence and disability of the population, among which leading positions of the disease are occupied by the circulatory disorders, malignant neoplasms, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, and a number of infectious diseases. At the same time, the period of life, living with chronic diseases and restrictions in active activity, lengthens. The indices of the morbidity and disability rate of the population are a reflection of both the level of health and the quality of medical and preventive measures, as well as the state of social protection of a person with a health defect. A differentiated approach to the organization of preventive, curative and rehabilitation measures is important, both at the federal and regional and municipal levels of managing the health and social protection system. Health resources of saving technologies should be aimed at realizing an optimistic demographic scenario - an increase in life expectancy with a parallel increase in the number and proportion of years living in conditions of preserved health and activity.
APPLIED MEANING OF THE TERMS «OUTCOME» AND «CONSEQUENCE» IN THE EXAMINATION OF INJURY
Authors: Kulikov S. N , Klevno V. A , Puzin S. N
Published: September 2020

In the article the authors consider the applied meaning of the dictionary units “ outcome (-s)” and “consequence (-s)” in the forensic examination of determining the severity of harm caused to human health through the use of such medical criteria as loss of vision, loss of speech, hearing loss, loss of an organ, or loss of its functions, termination of pregnancy and indelible facial disfiguration.
THE HEALTH MAINTENANCE OF FACULTY OF INSTITUTES OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Artiukhov I. P , Gorbach N. A , Lisniak M. A
Published: September 2020

According concerted opinions of experts and significant self-estimations of lecturers it is established that in universities the level of faculty health is inadequate. The min manageable factors negatively effecting health of lecturers are life-style factors. The motivation of lecturers to carry on healthy life-style is determined by awareness about personal responsibility for one's own health. According expertise evaluation, among main directions of health support of lecturers formation of healthy life-style, diseases' prevention and organization of psychological care require priority improvement. The monitoring of individual health will favor development of health support in lecturers of universities.
Desyat' let pervomu zhurnalu Rossii, posvyashchennomu problemam regionarnoy anestezii i posleoperatsionnogo obezbolivaniya
Authors: Ovechkin A. M
Published: September 2020

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Strategy of perioperative
Authors: Garyaev Roman V.
Published: September 2020

Central and peripheral regional blockade for surgery are the most suitable, pathogenetically reasonable methods than any other pain relief methods. Advantages of regional blockades are implemented in their extension throughout the required post-operative period. It is proven to reduce the frequency of major complications of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and gastrointestinal tract, as well as mortality rates using prolonged epidural analgesia. Unfortunately, the risk of severe hemorrhagic and infectious complications limits the widespread use of neuraxial blockade, so you should not use them at all patients in a row. The strategy of regional anesthesia is not the expansion of the indications for the central blockades, and in choosing the most appropriate for a particular intervention of regional techniques in order to maximize the realization of its benefits and reduction the risk of complications.
On physico-chemical biology in Russia from the perspective of studying the dynamics of an array of publications
Authors: Mokhnacheva Yulia V.
Published: September 2020

The article presents an analysis of the current state of the Russian segment of publications on physical and chemical biology (PCB) in the international database Web of Science Core Collection (WoS CC) for the period 2000–2019. The main task of the study is to analyze the dynamics of changes in the arrays of Russian publications in the field of physical and chemical biology, including determining the average citation rate of publications; analysis of the impact of international cooperation on publication activity; identification of leaders at the level of research institutions and individual specialists. The study is based on a bibliometric analysis of publication arrays presented in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS CC) database for the period 2000–2019. It is shown that after a period of decline in publication activity, starting in 2015, previously lost positions in the share of publications in the world array were restored in Russia. However, the citation of Russian publications lags significantly behind the performance of the of the main competitor countries. It is shown that Russian publications without foreign participation are cited 3–4 times less often than workswith foreign co-authorship. Throughout the entire study period, there was an increase in the number of co-authors in publications, as well as the share of publications made with the participation of five or more co-authors: by 2019, such publications accounted for almost 64%, in 2000 there were about 40% of such publications. It is shown that the main contribution to the Russian documentary stream on physical and chemical biology is made by the research institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RI RAS) – 68% of publications and 67% of all citations. Research institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences have a significant impact on the publication activity of universities: in the period 2012–2019. The share of joint publications of universities and research institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences was 55% of the array of university documents and 62% of all citations to university publications. The article presents the ratings of Russian scientific organizations by the share of publications in the Russian array in the field of physicochemical biology, as well as scientists by the largest number of publications and the highest average citation.
Results of bibliometric analysis of the publication activity on the scientific library website
Authors: Kharybina Tatiana N. , Beskaravajnaja Elena V.
Published: September 2020

The main function of the scientific library is to provide information support and library services to meet the needs of research scientists engaged in research activities and it is becoming increasingly important to enhance the outreach services, build public awareness of science reducing the evidence-practice gap. With that in mind, library websites are among the most appropriate platforms, that hold potential in addressing these concerns, providing online access to a wide range of library and information science sources, visualization of the results both of scientific research carried out by scientific institutions and the librarydevelopments. In this paper we focus on the website of Central scientific library (CSL), department of Library for Natural Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (LNS RAS), in Pushchino Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (PRS RAS). This website has been designed as the multifunctional information system offering the users, on one hand, the means for searching the requested information in electron catalogs of the library and all its departments, dissertation database, branched index system in physico-chemical biology, publications of the research scientists from the Center, databases by subject relating to research activities performed in PSC RAS), and, on the other hand, the results of a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of published research of the scientific institutes in the Center (https://cnbp.ru/). The scientific community of PSC RAS has appreciated posted on the library website research projects such as “Achievements of Schools of Science in Pushchino Scientific Center”, “Scientific dynasties in Pushchino”, a database of the former research scientists who worked in PSC continuing their research activities abroad”. Of special interest is the website section created after the study of the information needs of the PCL users which present the results of a bibliometric analysis. Mature researchers may find information on number of times their individual articles have been cited by others, track the impact of their scientific theme, communicate with potential research partners; postgraduate and graduate students may gain insight into a variety of research activity carried out in the scientific Center, enabling them to see the magnitude of the Center’s scientific developments; the administration of institutes may assess the published research of their employees, compare the position in the institutes ranking with respect to other ones in the scientific world, evaluate international activity.
Notas sobre o termo e o tema “menor” presentes em performances de raps paulistanos da década de 1990
Authors: Botelho Guilherme
Published: September 2020

Neste artigo, partindo da disputa em torno da tutela sobre a infância e adolescência, traço um resumido percurso histórico a fim de compreender dois pontos: a) como ocorreu a formulação do termo “menor”; b) como os artistas de rap de São Paulo debateram o tema através de suas performances artísticas, às vésperas e logo após a criação e implementação do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA) na década de 1990. Nota-se que o termo “menor” foi um rótulo criado por intelectuais, possui força classificatória e se naturalizou no vocabulário utilizado por parte da sociedade civil, com toda carga pejorativa anexada.
“Quanto vale o show?”
Authors: Oliveira Acauam
Published: September 2020

O mais recente álbum do grupo Racionais MC’s, Cores e Valores (2014), lançado após um longo intervalo de quatorze anos, desapontou parte da crítica e do público ao romper com vários de seus padrões de expectativa. O presente artigo pretende compreender tais quebras de paradigma como sendo constitutivas da própria identidade do grupo, uma vez que a matriz de sua força estética reside na capacidade de sintetizar as principais contradições do movimento hip hop, cuja matriz é social e histórica. A partir daí busca-se fazer uma análise detalhada do álbum, a partir de seus principais elementos internos de tensão, pensados em relação a alguma das contradições decisivas do cenário recente do rap nacional.
Is the Electrohypersensitive Patient's Headache a Variant of the Migraine Disease Mediated by TRPA1 Receptors?
Authors: Greco Frédéric
Published: September 2020

According to the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, electromagnetic hypersensitivity affects more than 3 million people in France, and headaches are a very frequent cause of complaint in electrohypersensitive patients, to the point of dominating the clinical picture. These headaches share characteristics with migraine pathology, and clinical improvement with anti-migraine therapy has led us to consider that the headache in the electrohypersensitive patient may be a variant of the migraine disease mediated by the TRPA1 receptor, which if confirmed, would offer effective therapeutic possibilities to relieve the electrohypersensitive patient.
Revisiting Our Quantum World
Authors: Ingber Lester
Published: September 2020

Of course, now we know that quantum mechanics has been a fundamental structure of our world since our universe came into being. However, it has been only a century since the experimental and theoretical discovery of quantum mechanics and its extensions into many implications and applications. In particular, there are implications across many disciplines that most likely will affect education, health, security, etc. Examples are given of the need for starting education as early as possible in schools, the use of nano-robots to deliver drugs targeted to specific molecular sites, to developing new cryptographic systems to safeguard our privacy.
Analysis of Differential Item Functioning of PISA 2015 Mathematics Subtest Subject to Gender and Statistical Regions
Authors: ÇELİK Mustafa , ÖZER ÖZKAN Yeşim
Published: September 2020

It is accepted that the presence of Differential Item Functioning (DIF) in large scale examinations may be an indication of bias. The aim of the present study was to analyze whether dichotomous (1-0) items in the PISA 2015 mathematics subtest exhibit DIF with regard to gender and statistical regions. The study was carried out using the data of 2409 students who took part in PISA 2015 and answered all mathematics questions. Rasch model was used via Winsteps software to determine whether the items exhibit DIF or not. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was applied to the sixty-three mathematics questions in the clusters. The modification indices and goodness of fit values were examined for CFA and a total of eight items that disrupt the model structure were excluded from the test. DIF analyses were carried out for the 55 items that were observed to be one-dimensional. The analysis results based on gender indicated that five items exhibit DIF. Two of these items exhibit DIF in favor of girls, while three in favor of men. Statistically significant DIF findings were observed in all items when the analyses results based on statistical regional units were analyzed. While at least 10 DIF cases were observed as a result of the binary territory comparison on an item basis, maximum 38 DIF cases were observed. Minimum DIF was observed in item Q4 as a result of regional comparisons, whereas maximum DIF was observed in items Q47 and Q50.
Experiences With the University Admission Process and Educational Support Among Students With Cochlear Implants in South Korea
Authors: Cho Young Sang , Kim Ga-Young , Seol Hye Yoon , Kim Eun Yeon , Moon Il Joon
Published: September 2020

Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate the current university admission rate and experiences of educational support among students with cochlear implants (CIs) in South Korea.Methods. A prospective online survey was conducted to examine the university admission process and academic support for students with CIs. Thirty individuals who took the college entrance exams at least 3 years after CI surgery were invited to participate, although two did not respond. The survey consisted of three topics (demographics, university admission process, and academic support) and 25 items regarding laws and policies related to university admission and support for students with hearing disabilities in Korea.Results. The university matriculation rate for students with CI was 85.7% (24/28), of whom 50% were admitted through the special admission process for students with disabilities. Most universities provided teaching and learning support and rental services for assistive devices for students with disabilities to help them better adapt to school life. However, only a small percentage of the students benefited from accommodation services, and 62.5% and 12.5% of the students received teaching and learning support and used assistive devices, respectively.Conclusion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the university admission process and university disability services for students with CIs in South Korea. The results of this study will be helpful for young CI recipients and their parents as they prepare for university entrance.
Treatment of Mild Ulnar Longitudinal Deficiency with a Z-Shaped Ulna Lengthening Osteotomy
Authors: Farr Sebastian , Schachinger Florian
Published: September 2020

Case:

Two adolescent patients with therapy-refractory ulnocarpal wrist pain because of mild ulnar longitudinal deficiency (ULD; ulna hypoplasia type I according to Bayne) underwent surgical treatment with a Z-shaped ulna lengthening osteotomy and interposition of the iliac crest bone graft. Long-term ULD correction and pain-free motion were maintained in both patients.

Conclusion:

Pediatric patients with symptomatic mild ULD are often mistaken for ulnar negative variance with radioulnar impingement and may be successfully treated using this newly described technique. The ulnar malangulation is corrected at the apex of the deformity, and the clinical and radiographic outcomes have been successful.
Satisfaction and Functional Outcomes in Unicompartmental Compared with Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Jansen Kirsten , Beckert Mitchell , Deckard Evan R. , Ziemba-Davis Mary , Meneghini R. Michael
Published: September 2020

Background:

Unicompartmental and total knee arthroplasty (UKA and TKA) have demonstrated excellent mid- and long-term outcomes and have been compared in clinical series for decades; however, to our knowledge, no study has sufficiently matched UKA and TKA cohorts on preoperative osteoarthritis severity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patient-reported outcomes of radiographically and demographically matched UKA and TKA cohorts.

Methods:

One hundred and thirty-five UKAs and 135 TKAs were matched by patient age, sex, body mass index, and American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA-PS) classification as well as preoperative osteoarthritis severity in medial and lateral tibiofemoral and patellofemoral compartments (Kellgren-Lawrence grading system). Patient-reported outcome measures for pain, function, activity level, and satisfaction were evaluated at minimum 1-year follow-up via components of the modern Knee Society Score, the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) activity-level score, and a Likert satisfaction scale.

Results:

The patients in the UKA group reported significantly less pain, a higher activity level, and greater satisfaction while performing several functional activities and could walk for a longer amount of time before stopping due to knee discomfort compared with those in the TKA group (p ≤ 0.038). In addition, a greater proportion of patients in the UKA than in the TKA group were “satisfied or very satisfied” with their knee replacement surgery at minimum 1-year follow-up (90% versus 81%; p = 0.043).

Conclusions:

With minimum 1-year follow-up, patients who underwent UKA reported significantly higher function, less pain, and a greater level of patient satisfaction than a radiographically and demographically matched TKA cohort.

Level of Evidence:

TherapeuticLevel III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Pigmentantes naturais em dietas de codornas japonesas a base de arroz integral descascado e não polido
Authors: Castro M.L.S. , Silva S.N. , Bavaresco C. , Dias R.C. , Gopinger E. , Xavier E.G. , Lopes D.C. , Roll V.F.B. , Rutz F. , Schafhauser Jr. J.
Published: September 2020

Desenvolveu-se um experimento a fim de verificar o efeito da inclusão de pigmentos naturais, feno de alfafa (FA), colorífico de urucum (U) e beterraba (B), em uma dieta a base de arroz integral descascado e não-polido e farelo de soja sobre a coloração das gemas dos ovos de codornas. Foram utilizadas 100 codornas japonesas com 70 dias de idade. Os tratamentos foram T1: dieta controle (arroz integral descascado e não-polido em substituição total ao milho); T2: T1 + de 4% FA; T3: T1 + de 8% FA; T4: T1 + de 12% FA; T5: T1 + 4% de U; T6: T1 + 8% de U; T7: T1 +12% de U; T8: T1 + 4% de B; T9: T1 + 8% de B; e T10: T1 + 12% de B. Ao final de 15 dias foram verificadas as colorações das gemas dos ovos com colorímetro. O feno de alfafa promoveu diminuição da luminosidade e a cor variou do verde ao amarelado. Houve também aumento da saturação da cor com o aumento dos níveis de feno de alfafa na dieta (P
Ada-WHIPS: Explaining AdaBoost Classification with Applications in the Health Sciences
Authors: Hatwell Julian , Gaber Mohamed Medhat , Azad R.M. Atif
Published: September 2020

Background

Computer Aided Diagnostics (CAD) can support medical practitioners to make critical decisions about their patients' disease conditions. Practitioners require access to the chain of reasoning behind CAD to build trust in the CAD advice and to supplement their own expertise. Yet, CAD systems might be based on black box machine learning (ML) models and high dimensional data sources (electronic health records, MRI scans, cardiotocograms, etc). These foundations make interpretation and explanation of the CAD advice very challenging. This challenge is recognised throughout the machine learning research community. eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is emerging as one of the most important research areas of recent years because it addresses the interpretability and trust concerns of critical decision makers, including those in clinical and medical practice.
Methods

In this work, we focus on AdaBoost, a black box ML model that has been widely adopted in the CAD literature. We address the challenge -- to explain AdaBoost classification -- with a novel algorithm that extracts simple, logical rules from AdaBoost models. Our algorithm, Adaptive-Weighted High Importance Path Snippets (Ada-WHIPS), makes use of AdaBoost's adaptive classifier weights. Using a novel formulation, Ada-WHIPS uniquely redistributes the weights among individual decision nodes of the internal decision trees (DT) of the AdaBoost model. Then, a simple heuristic search of the weighted nodes finds a single rule that dominated the model's decision. We compare the explanations generated by our novel approach with the state of the art in an experimental study. We evaluate the derived explanations with simple statistical tests of well-known quality measures, precision and coverage, and a novel measure stability that is better suited to the XAI setting .
Shared Decision-making between health care providers and patients at a Tertiary Hospital Diabetic Clinic in Tanzania
Authors: Vedasto Osward , Morris Baraka , Furia Francis Fredrick
Published: September 2020

Background Patients’ participation in decision making regarding their treatment is defined in ethical, legal and human rights standards in the provision of care that concerns health providers and the entire community. This study was conducted to document experiences of patients and health care providers on shared decision making.Methods This study employed a phenomenological study design using in-depth interview technique. Study participants were diabetic patients visiting the clinic and healthcare providers working at Muhimbili National Hospital. Data was collected using the semi-structured interview guide with open-ended questions using an audio digital recorder. Content analysis method was used during analysis whereby categories were reached through the process of coding assisted by Nvivo 12 software. Results Participants in this study expressed the role of shared decision-making in the care of patients with diabetes, with report of engagement of patients by health care providers in making treatment decisions. Participants reported no use of decision-making aids; however, health education tools were reported by participants to be used for educating patients. Limited time, patient beliefs and literacy were documented as barriers of effective engagement of patients in decision making by their healthcare providers. Conclusion Engagement of patients in decision-making was noted in this study as experienced by participants of this study. Time, patient beliefs and patient literacy were documented as barriers for patients engagement, therefore diabetic clinic at Muhimbili National Hospital need to devise mechanisms for ensuring patients involvement in treatment decisions.
Histone H4 aggravates inflammatory injury through TLR4 in chlorine gas-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Zhang Yanlin , Zhao Jian , Guan Li , Mao Lijun , Li Shuqiang , Zhao Jinyuan
Published: September 2020

Background: Chlorine gas (Cl 2 ) exposure remains a public health concern in household, occupational, and transportation accidents around the world. The death rate associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by high concentrations of Cl 2 is very high, mainly because the pathogenesis of ARDS remains unclear. Histone H4 has been identified as an important endogenous pro-inflammatory molecule. The present study aimed to examine the pathogenic role of histone H4 in Cl 2 -induced ARDS.Methods: ARDS was induced by Cl 2 exposure in male C57BL/6 mice. Circulating histone H4, blood gas, pulmonary edema, endothelial activation, and neutrophil infiltration were measured during acute lung injury (ALI). Histone H4 or anti-H4 antibody was administered through the tail vein 1 h prior to Cl 2 exposure to study the pathogenic role of histone H4. Toll-like receptor 2 knock-out ( Tlr2 -KO) and Tlr4 -KO mice were used in conjunction with blocking antibody against TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, or TLR6 to explore the mechanism involved in histone H4-mediated injury. Results: Cl 2 exposure induced a concentration-dependent ALI. The levels of circulating histone H4 were positively correlated with Cl 2 concentrations. Pretreatment with intravenous histone H4 further aggravated lethality rate, blood gas, endothelial activation, and neutrophil infiltration, while anti-H4 antibody showed protective effects. Tlr4 deﬁciency improved lethality rate, blood gas, and pulmonary edema, and prevented endothelial and neutrophil activation caused by Cl 2 exposure. More importantly, Tlr4 gene deletion greatly diminished the effect of histone H4 or anti-H4 antibody observed in wild-type (WT) mice. The impact of Tlr2 on inflammatory injury was not significant. The role of TLRs was also validated by endothelial activation mediated by histone H4 in vitro. Conclusions: Circulating histone H4 played a pro-inflammatory role in ARDS caused by Cl 2 . TLR4 was closely involved in histone H4-mediated inflammatory injury. Therefore, intervention targeting histone H4 is potentially protective.
Treatment of Secondary Hip Arthritis from Shell Fragment and Gunshot Injury in the Syrian Civil War
Authors: Özden Raif , Davut Serkan , Doğramacı Yunus , Kalacı Aydıner , Duman İbrahim Gökhan , Uruç Vedat
Published: September 2020

Background: In gunshot and shell fragment injuries to the hip joint, orthopaedic intervention includes wound assessment and care, osteosynthesis of fractures, and avoiding of infection and osteoarthritis. Individuals injured in the syrian civil war were frequently transferred to the author's institution in neighboring city. Orthopaedic trauma exposures were determined in approximately 30% of these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of the patients with secondary hip arthritis due to prior gunshot and shell fragment (shrapnel) injuries who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed 26 patients (24 males, 2 females) who underwent hip arthroplasty due to prior gunshot and shell fragment injuries from November 2013 to January 2019. For all patients Harris Hip Score (HHS) were evaluated preoperatively and after surgery. Results: Mean age was 31,5 (range, 19-48) years. The mean preoperative HHS was 52.95 points and the mean postoperative HHS was 79.92 points at the final follow-up after surgery. Patients with shell fragment injuries to the hip joint, had higher infection rates but it is not statistically significant.Conclusions: An anatomic reduction of the fracture may not be possible in these cases as a result of significant bone and/or cartilage loss. Total hip arthroplasty can be done after gunshot and shell fragment related posttraumatic arthritis. It is efective treatment choice to reduce pain and improve function but the surgeon must be very carefull because of high rate of infection.
Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Reduction in Patients’ Waiting Time for Outpatient Procedures: A Matched Case–Control Study
Authors: Li Xiaoqing , Tian Dan , Li Weihua , Dong Bin , Wang Hansong , Yuan Jiajun , Li Biru , Shi Lei , Lin Xulin , Zhao Liebin , Liu Shijian
Published: September 2020

Background: Many studies indicate that patient satisfaction is significantly negatively correlated with waiting time. A well-designed healthcare system should not keep patients waiting too long for appointment and consultation. However, in China, patients spend considerable time waiting, and the actual time spent on diagnosis and treatment in the consulting room is comparatively less.Methods: We developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted module that is embedded in hospital information systems. Through its use, outpatients were automatically recommended an imaging examination or a laboratory test based on their symptoms and chief complaint. Thus, they could get examined or tested before they went to see the doctor. People who saw a doctor in the traditional way were assigned to the conventional group, and those who used the AI-assisted system were assigned to the AI-assisted group. We conducted a 1:1 case–control study that applied propensity score matching to pair the data from patients in a pediatric tertiary hospital between August 1, 2019 and January 31, 2020. Waiting time was defined as the time from registration to preparation for a laboratory test or an imaging examination. The total cost included the registration fee, test fee, examination fee, and drug fee. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare the differences in time and cost between the AI-assisted group and the conventional group. The statistical significance level was set at 0.05 for two sides.Results: A total of 12,342 visits were recruited for this study, consisting of 6,171 visits in the conventional group and 6,171 visits in the AI-assisted group. The median waiting time was 0.38 (inter-quartile range: 0.20, 1.33) hours for the AI-assisted group compared with 1.97 (0.76, 3.48) hours for the conventional group (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Using AI can significantly reduce the waiting time of patients for outpatient procedures, and thus, enhance the outpatient process of hospitals.