bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trigger Warning: Poetry as Feminist Response to Media Headlines
Authors: Faulkner Sandra L.
Published: May 2020

In a chapbook of feminist poetry titled, Trigger Warning, the author responds to media headlines about violence, gender, race, and class through verse. The author uses poetic inquiry as a form of feminist methodology to collapse the false divide between the private and the public, as a form of embodied inquiry, and as feminist political response. The author wrote response poems to news headlines that “triggered” memories of past inequities as a way to speak to media representation and personal experience and presents them in the form of a chapbook—a short collection of poetry organized thematically. Trigger Warning wrestles with themes of sexual harassment, gun violence, sexual violence, and media representations of class, race, and gender identities to show how feminist poetry uses personal, embodied experience to critique existing systems and structures of oppression.
Yarning With Country: An Indigenist Research Methodology
Authors: Hughes Margaret , Barlo Stuart
Published: May 2020

In this article, we invite you into conversation about Yarning with Country. We contemplate the question: How do we work within a relational methodology with Country as a primary participant? We are interested in the practice of relating intentionally with Country: the ontological orientation and visceral receptivity which is required. This contemplation includes considering how we exist in relationship with Country, how we learn from and with Country, and how we cultivate respectful, reciprocal, and accountable relationships with Country. We choose to share this process with you as a conversation between people and with Country because that is the way this kind of sharing takes place: in person, in real time, in Place, between beings. Our contention in this article is that human beings would benefit from a more engaged, communicative relationship with Country; we suggest that this requires honing our skills of listening, respecting, sharing, and letting be.
Postmodernism Trumps All: The World Without Facts
Authors: Kien Grant
Published: May 2020

Monadism and postmodernism have displaced utilitarian ethics and modernist cultural norms. Social media users’ individual virtual spaces present personal desires as “truth.” Interactions are experienced as discrete/disconnected moments. Thinking is done through highly individualized narratives, as if all content is for one’s own entertainment, with no “real world” consequences attached to it. Clever postmodern playfulness through prosumerist appropriation and transformation of content from one meaning to another seems more important than intelligence for uniting people in a “post-truth” society. While freeing audiences from traditional media gatekeepers, challenging ideas are consumed with sarcasm, perpetuating/amplifying social problems.
Use of a novel immediate access dialysis graft designed to prevent needle-related complications: A first-in-man case report
Authors: Gage Shawn M , Illig Karl A , Ross John R
Published: May 2020

Currently, there is no vascular access that possesses all ideal qualities for hemodialysis access, but attributes particularly lacking include: ease of identification (cannulation zone), ease of access, resistance to stenosis, durable to repetitive cannulation, resistance to infection, resistance to acute needle-related injuries, and instant hemostasis. The overall value of these attributes could be appreciated in the reduction of complications (patient burden and suffering, which can also result in increased healthcare costs), and improved safety and durability. In this case report, we present a novel hemodialysis access graft that has the potential to provide the following benefits: it is designed to be self-sealing and immediately usable post implant, easy to identify, easy to access, has more durable cannulation zones, and protects from needle-related injuries. This case report describes the first-in-man use of this novel graft technology to replace a giant, thrombotic, and difficult-to-access arteriovenous fistula to provide the patient with a potentially safer and more durable access that does not require placement of a bridging dialysis catheter. This single-patient experience suggests that implantation and function of this novel graft as a hemodialysis access is feasible in a human subject with end-stage renal disease, and it suggests that the novel properties (i.e. immediate use, easy identification, easy use, cannulation zone durability, and protection from needle-related injuries) of this graft seem to function as intended.
Treatment Modalities and Perceived Effectiveness of Treatment Among Adults With Depression
Authors: Alang Sirry , McAlpine Donna
Published: May 2020

Patient-reported outcomes of mental health treatment, such as perceived effectiveness, are important. They indicate whether treatment is perceived to reduce symptoms and minimize psychiatric disability. Outpatient treatment for depression typically includes medication or counseling, either alone or in combination. This study examines the relationship between treatment modality and perceived effectiveness of treatment. Using a sample of adults who received outpatient treatment for depression from the 2015-2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (N = 4169), logistic regressions estimated the odds of rating treatment as effective among persons who received medication only, counseling only, and a combination of medication and counseling. There were no differences in perceived effectiveness between counseling only and medication only. However, receiving both was associated with greater odds of rating treatment as effective. Poor self-rated health and severe mental illness were associated with lower perceived effectiveness of medication. Those with substance use problems had lower odds of rating counseling and both counseling and medication as effective. A combined treatment for depression may be perceived as better than single-modality treatment. Therefore, there might be benefits to increasing access to both forms of treatment for persons less likely to rate either single modality as effective.
Emotion-related words and emotional analogies as teaching strategies for expressivity
Authors: Zorzal Ricieri Carlini
Published: May 2020

This study was designed to investigate the effect of student performance level on teachers’ expressive-emotional discourse in musical instrument classes, the possible loci of emotions present in teachers’ discourse and the existence of a tradition of expressive factors in the interpretation of certain musical works. Forty-seven guitar master classes were recorded, and students’ performance levels were subsequently evaluated by independent judges. All material was then transcribed and coded according to the following variables: emotion words, emotional analogies and teaching of expressivity. A questionnaire administered to professional guitarists elicited information on the expressive tradition of the works played in these master classes. Statistical techniques (analysis of variance [ANOVA], the Mann–Whitney U test and the chi-square test) were used to analyse the variables. Results suggest that students’ performance levels and the expressive tradition of the repertoire played can be decisive in how teachers construct their expressive-emotional discourse. Finally, as a teaching strategy for musical expressivity, focus can be directed either towards the emotions felt by the student (i.e., internal locus), or emotions expressed by the music or another source external to the student (i.e., external locus).
Social awareness and engagement in undergraduate music students: Generating a foundation for curriculum decisions
Authors: Grant Catherine , Low-Choy Samantha
Published: May 2020

Tertiary music institutions, like universities generally, are increasingly recognising the value and importance of a curriculum that fosters social awareness and social engagement in students. This article reports on a mixed-methods research project that investigated the nature and extent of social awareness and engagement among undergraduate students at one Australian tertiary music institution. Through a survey methodology, the research sought to understand students’ interest in, and awareness of, pressing contemporary social issues, as well as their prior, current and perceived potential future engagement in those issues. A clear understanding by educators, researchers and tertiary music institutions of the nature and degree of undergraduate students’ social awareness and engagement is an important and arguably necessary foundation for expanding and improving socially engaged teaching and learning initiatives.
Opposing narratives about children’s digital media use: a critical discourse analysis of online public advice given to parents in Australia and Belgium
Authors: Zaman Bieke , Holloway Donell , Green Lelia , Jaunzems Kelly , Vanwynsberghe Hadewijch
Published: May 2020

What are the public discourses about parental guidance of children’s digital media use in Australia and Belgium? The findings of a multi-method interpretive content analysis suggest that both risks and opportunities are made significant, (re-)claiming power for parents to decide what is realistic. Belgian critical-optimistic commentary suggests that it is normal to see a variety of parenting practices in society, encouraging parents to make informed decisions considering the child’s developmental age and mutual trust. Australian public commentary features emotionally laden, opposing views, whereby restriction seems the golden rule for guiding young children’s engagement with digital media. Across the 30 months of the dataset, however, Australian pieces began to give voice to experts who embrace more relaxed rules. The study illuminates how public narratives are sites of political manoeuvring, revealing ideological stances relating to parental mediation and children’s media use, sensitive to and reflective of situated meanings bound by space and time.
Squeeze film dampers supporting high-speed rotors: Rotordynamics
Authors: Hamzehlouia Sina , Behdinan Kamran
Published: May 2020

This work develops a finite element based multi-mass flexible rotor model for theoretical investigation of the influence of the squeeze film damper lubricant inertia on the unbalance-induced steady-state and transient vibration amplitudes of high speed turbomachinery. The rotordynamic model is developed by applying the principles of finite element analysis to discretize the rotor components, including the rotor shaft and disk, into local elements with mass, stiffness, and gyroscopic matrices. Subsequently, the local matrices are assembled together to develop the global model of the rotordynamic system. The influence of squeeze film damper lubricant inertia is incorporated into the model by using short-length cavitated damper models with retaining springs executing circular-centered orbits. Additionally, the rotordynamic model incorporating the nonlinear squeeze film damper models is iteratively solved in the time domain by applying a predictor-corrector transient modal integration numerical method and the steady-state and transient motions of the rotor system are investigated under different rotor and squeeze film damper parameters. The results of the study verify the substantial influence of squeeze film damper lubricant inertia on attenuating the vibrations of high-speed turbomachinery. Furthermore, the developed rotordynamic model delivers an efficient and powerful platform for the analysis of high-speed turbomachinery, including jet engines and gas turbines.
Exploring the influence of economic policy uncertainty on the relationship between tourism and economic growth with an MF-VAR model
Authors: Liu Han , Liu Ying , Wang Yonglian
Published: May 2020

Using a mixed-frequency vector autoregressive (MF-VAR) model, this article attempts to determine whether or not the relationship between tourism and economic growth changes in the presence or absence of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) shock. Moreover, we further our analysis by focusing on whether or not there is a significant difference in the distinct impact intensity of Hong Kong, Chinese, and global EPU. The study period spans April 1998 to March 2018. The results indicate the following. First, the existence of Hong Kong, Chinese, and global EPU does not affect the direction of the impulse response; rather, its primary influence is on the size of the impact. Second, the different ranges of EPU have different impact intensities. Third, compared to the MF-VAR model, the quarterly frequency vector autoregressive model does not fully capture the impact of EPU, especially the negative impact of global EPU on tourism. Therefore, policymakers and tourism stakeholders should develop targeted marketing plans to maintain expected tourism demand if economic uncertainty increases.
Tourism development and happiness: International evidence
Authors: Lee Chien-Chiang , Chen Mei-Ping , Peng Yi-Ting
Published: May 2020

The existing tourism- and happiness-related literature commonly investigates whether a happy destination does in fact render tourists happy and how tourist arrivals affect residents’ happiness. This research thus first explores whether the host country and Twitter happiness indices influence tourism development in an international framework (i.e. tourist arrivals, tourism revenues, and travel and leisure sector returns). To account for intricate correlations among variables, the study employs a quantile regression approach on panel data from 119 countries spanning 2006–2017. Evidences find that most host country happiness indices and macroeconomic factors show salient, nonlinear, and asymmetric impacts across both tourist arrival and tourism revenue quantiles in concurrent and subsequent periods, except for European country results. Moreover, Twitter happiness index strongly affects travel and leisure sector returns, but has no impact on tourist arrivals as well as tourism revenues, implying the importance of social media happiness on said returns.
An intensive form of trauma focused cognitive behaviour therapy in an acute adolescent inpatient unit: An uncontrolled open trial
Authors: Cabrera Natalie , Moffitt Gavin , Jairam Rajeev , Barton Giles
Published: May 2020

Purpose:

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) rates among hospitalised adolescents are between 21% and 32%, and there is a lack of evidence-based interventions for this population. Trauma-focused cognitive behaviour therapy (TF-CBT) is an evidence-based intervention for children and adolescents with PTSD; however, it has not been implemented in an acute adolescent inpatient unit. This study examines the implementation of an intensive form of TF-CBT in an adolescent inpatient unit.

Method:

An uncontrolled open trail study was conducted where 15 adolescents diagnosed with PTSD were treated with an intensive form of TF-CBT. Measures used were the University of California, Los Angeles’ (UCLA) PTSD Reaction Index for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., Adolescent Version; DSM-IV-Adolescent Version), the National Stressful Events Survey PTSD Short Scale (NSESSS) and the Children’s Global Assessment Scale (CGAS)

Results:

Adolescents received an average of nine sessions of TF-CBT over a period of 28 days. The average NSESSS on admission was 23.73 and 8.27 at discharge; the CGAS average on admission was 19 and on discharge was 48.7; both were statistically significant changes.

Conclusion:

Preliminary findings support the use of an intensive form of TF-CBT to treat adolescents with PTSD admitted to acute adolescent inpatient units indicating the need for further research in this area.
Motivation, self-regulation, and writing achievement on a university foundation programme: A programme evaluation study
Authors: Wilby James
Published: May 2020

This programme evaluation study examined the changes in writing motivation, self-regulation and integrated writing task scores of international students over the course of a pre-sessional course on English for academic purposes (EAP). In addition, the study also investigated the relationship between writing task motivation, self-regulation, and essay scores at the beginning and end of the course. A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest design was utilized. Participants’ ( n = 64) motivation and self-regulation were assessed at the beginning and the end of the month-long course using self-report questionnaires. Furthermore, participants completed an integrated writing task in the first and final weeks of the course. Descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests showed motivation and self-regulatory strategy use to remain stable over time, except for self-efficacy measures which increased significantly. In addition, scores on the integrated writing task increased significantly. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis confirmed the strong inter-relationship between self-efficacy and self-regulation. At the end of the course, mastery goals, performance-approach goals, and utility value were found to be significantly correlated to essay scores. Further results and implications for foundation course developers will be covered in the article.
Images of loneliness in Tuareg narratives of travel, dispersion, and return
Authors: Rasmussen Susan J.
Published: May 2020

This article examines how social, economic, and political upheavals in the Sahara have stimulated re-thinking about loneliness in relation to trauma from mobility, dispersion, and return home in communities of Tamajaq-speaking, Muslim, and semi-nomadic Tuareg in northern Niger and Mali. How do Tuareg, sometimes called Kel Tamajaq after their language, draw on and re-formulate longstanding and new ways of coping with loneliness in regional droughts and wars, which have driven many to alternately disperse from their communities and return to homes that are no longer the same? What is the connection between changing modes of travel, concepts of loneliness, and ways of coping with this experience? In these communities, loneliness is a recurrent theme in personal life histories—in particular, in narratives of both geographic travel and spiritual travel in medico-ritual healing—and is alluded to in poetry, song, and everyday conversation. This article explores the meanings of loneliness and ways of coping with it in this society through analysis of this emotion in symbol, subjective perception, and social experience. The focus is upon representations of loneliness in narratives by travelers who have confronted this emotion, and upon relevant Tamajaq terms often used to express loneliness: namely, essuf (the wild, solitude, and nostalgia); tamazai (approximately, a depression); and tarama (unrequited love), illustrating with cases and examples. More broadly, the article is guided by and builds on insights in psychological anthropology into emotion and affect as well as suffering and subjectivity.
Addressing vulnerability in Ireland’s criminal justice system: A survey of recent statutory developments
Authors: Cusack Alan
Published: May 2020

For over a quarter of century Ireland’s statutory special measures framework, as originally enacted by the Criminal Evidence Act 1992, remained largely unchanged, falling beyond the reformative gaze of successive Irish governments. This period of political inertia, however, came to an abrupt end in 2017 when Irish policymakers, motivated by developments at a European Union level, introduced two landmark legislative instruments which promised to reimagine the availability and diversity of Ireland’s store of statutory testimonial accommodations, namely the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences) Act 2017 and the Criminal Justice (Victims of Crime) Act 2017. By interrogating these newly-commenced instruments in light of the experience of crime victims with intellectual disabilities, this paper surveys the current procedural landscape governing the treatment of vulnerable crime victims in Ireland and is intended to go some way towards exposing the embedded evidential barriers which continue to prejudice efforts aimed at securing their best evidence in court.
How professional photographers engage with and resist digital platform work
Authors: McDonald Paula , Williams Penny , Mayes Robyn
Published: May 2020

While there is emerging research on the motivations of workers who engage with specific digital platforms, scant attention has been afforded to the contours of the digital economy as they affect workers in occupational or professional contexts. Drawing on interviews with 51 Australian photographers, the authors examined the extent to which, and why, photographers engage with or resist digital platform work. The photographic profession is an ideal context in which to examine such questions due to the fragmentation of the workforce and the recent proliferation of platforms. The findings revealed that the level of worker engagement is explained by platform control over price, service and product quality, and relationship management. The experiences of self-employed, freelance workers complicate our understanding of work afforded by digital platforms. Engaging with the political economy surrounding freelance creative labour, the study enables a richer theorisation of the experiences of platform-generated work in this context.
Evaluation of various confirmatory tests for the diagnosis of aldosterone-producing adenoma
Authors: Kidoguchi Satoshi , Sugano Naoki , Kawauchi Ruri , Nakashima Daisuke , Hayashi-Ishikawa Naomi , Tokudome Goro , Yokoo Takashi
Published: May 2020

Introduction:

Adrenal venous sampling is useful for discriminating unilateral and bilateral hypersecretion in patients with primary aldosteronism, but it is relatively invasive. To determine the site of hypersecretion more non-invasively, we evaluated predictors of unilateral hypersecretion.

Materials and methods:

We evaluated the baseline characteristics and the results of confirmatory tests of 123 patients with primary aldosteronism who underwent adrenal venous sampling.

Results:

Unilateral hypersecretion was identified in 22.0%. The plasma aldosterone concentration and aldosterone–renin ratio were significantly higher and serum potassium concentration and plasma renin activity were significantly lower in patients with unilateral hypersecretion. Plasma aldosterone concentrations after captopril challenge test, saline infusion test and rapid adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test were significantly higher among patients with unilateral hypersecretion. The plasma aldosterone concentration reduction ratio in saline infusion test and plasma aldosterone concentration elevation ratio during rapid adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test were significantly higher in patients with unilateral hypersecretion. However, areas under the curve for these parameters were not superior to the values after confirmatory tests.

Conclusions:

The plasma aldosterone concentration values after captopril challenge test, saline infusion test and rapid adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test were useful for identifying patients with unilateral hypersecretion. However, value changes or ratios during confirmatory tests are less useful for this aim.
The not-yet-tropical: mapping recombinant ecologies in a Sydney suburb
Authors: Vanni Ilaria , Crosby Alexandra
Published: May 2020

Mapping and fitness apps, government agencies and departments, and citizen science projects provide a wealth of data on urban green spaces, charting parks, reserves, and green corridors in and around Sydney. These maps represent vegetation as surface and, as Doreen Massey in the 2005 book For Space noted about other types of Western maps, detach the observer from the object of their gaze. The authors argue that, in order to make recombinant ecologies present, as well as visible, we need a different order of maps, able to place the observer back in the thick of things, and to capture the entanglements between humans and more-than-human gatherings. This, they maintain, requires a shift to mapping as an embodied methodology that brings together walking, visual documentation and drawing. To do this, they present three walking maps of plants imagined as ‘tropical’ growing in Marrickville, a suburb in Gadigal-Wangal Country in Sydney’s inner west, an area located in the ‘sub-tropical humid’ climate zone map. Through the generation of three plant-led walking maps, they reveal recombinant Marrickville ecologies. They show how plants redesign the urban landscape and engender everyday practices in the gardens, verges, and non-cultivated parcels of land and, in doing so, contribute to sensing the suburb as tropical.
Characteristics for a tool for timely identification of palliative needs in heart failure: The views of Dutch patients, their families and healthcare professionals
Authors: Janssen Daisy JA , Ament Stephanie MC , Boyne Josiane , Schols Jos MGA , Rocca Hans-Peter Brunner-La , Maessen José MC , van den Beuken-van Everdingen Marieke HJ
Published: May 2020

Background

Palliative care can improve outcomes for patients with advanced chronic heart failure and their families, but timely recognition of palliative care needs remains challenging.

Aim

The aim of this study was to identify characteristics of a tool to assess palliative care needs in chronic heart failure that are needed for successful implementation, according to patients, their family and healthcare professionals in The Netherlands.

Methods

Explorative qualitative study, part of the project ‘Identification of patients with HeARt failure with PC needs’ (I-HARP), focus groups and individual interviews were held with healthcare professionals, patients with chronic heart failure, and family members. Data were analysed using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

Results

A total of 13 patients, 10 family members and 26 healthcare professionals participated. Direct-content analysis revealed desired tool characteristics for successful implementation in four constructs: relative advantage, adaptability, complexity, and design quality and packaging. Healthcare professionals indicated that a tool should increase awareness, understanding and knowledge concerning palliative care needs. A tool needs to: be adaptable to different disease stages, facilitate early identification of palliative care needs and ease open conversations about palliative care. The complexity of chronic heart failure should be considered in a personalized approach.

Conclusions

The current study revealed the characteristics of a tool for timely identification of palliative care needs in chronic heart failure needed for successful implementation. The next steps will be to define the content of the tool, followed by development of a preliminary version and iterative testing of this version by the different stakeholders.
A qualitative analysis of psychosocial needs and support impacts in families affected by young sudden cardiac death: The role of community and peer support
Authors: Steffen Edith Maria , Timotijevic Lada , Coyle Adrian
Published: May 2020

Background

Young sudden cardiac death (YSCD), often occurring in previously healthy individuals, is a tragic event with devastating impact on affected families, who are at heightened risk of posttraumatic stress and prolonged grief and may themselves be at risk of YSCD. Previous research suggests that surviving family members’ psychosocial support needs are often unmet.

Purpose

This study sought to identify how YSCD-affected families experience dedicated community and peer support in light of their psychosocial support needs.

Methods

The study used a qualitative design, employing a thematic analysis of focus group and interview data. Three focus groups and five individual interviews were conducted with affected family members (N = 19). The sample was drawn from a UK-based charity, Cardiac Risk in the Young. Audio-recordings of the focus groups and interviews were transcribed and subjected to thematic analysis.

Results

Three super-ordinate themes were identified: 1. YSCD community support as offering a place of safety, 2. YSCD community support as fostering sense-making, 3. YSCD community support as facilitating finding new meaning.

Conclusions

YSCD-affected families can benefit from access to dedicated community and peer support that offers a safe environment, provides affiliation, understanding and normalisation and enables sense-making and the rebuilding of a sense of self. Dedicated community support can facilitate meaningful re-engagement with life through helping prevent YSCD and through memorialisation and legacy-building to maintain a continuing bond with the deceased. Clinicians need to be aware of the need to incorporate available community and peer support into patient pathways.
Border following–based reversible watermarking algorithm for images with resistance to histogram overflowing
Authors: Tang Xin , Zhou Linna , Liu Dan , Shan Weijie , Zhang Yi
Published: May 2020

Histogram shifting is an effective manner to achieve reversible watermarking, which works by shifting pixels between the peak point and its nearest zero point in histogram to make room for watermark embedding. However, once zero point is absent, the algorithm suffers from overflowing problem. Even though some works attempt to deal with this risk by introducing auxiliary information, such as a location map, they occupy a lot of embedding capacity inevitably. In this article, in order to deal with overflowing problem efficiently, we propose a border following–based reversible watermarking algorithm for images. With the help of border following algorithm and pre-processing, available regions with at least one zero point are recognized to embed watermark so that auxiliary information is not needed any more. And the algorithm utilized also ensures the same border can be re-recognized from the watermarked image without error, thus the correctness is also guaranteed. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated using classic image datasets in this area, and the results not only validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm but also indicate its advantages compared with the classic histogram shifting–based reversible watermarking algorithm as well as the state of the art.
Investigation of Fertilizing Capacity of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Sperm Exposed to Heavy Metals
Authors: Kerekes Flóra , Kollár Tímea , Gazsi Gyöngyi , Kása Eszter , Urbányi Béla , Csenki-Bakos Zsolt , Horváth Ákos
Published: May 2020

The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of heavy metals on the fertilizing capacity of exposed zebrafish sperm, on embryonic survival, and on occurrence of embryonic deformities following fertilization with exposed sperm. It is important to test heavy metals because they are well-known pollutants. Sperm of externally fertilizing species can get in contact with pollutants found in aquatic environment. Zebrafish sperm, despite its advantages, has seldom been used in in vitro toxicological studies and no reports are available regarding the fertilizing capacity of exposed sperm. Zebrafish sperm was stripped and exposed to concentrations of the tested heavy metals (Zn2+, Cd2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Hg2+, As3+) for 30 or 120 minutes. Calculated half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) values do not differ significantly from those calculated for motility for any of the tested heavy metals, which means fertilization rate can indicate the toxicity of the given substance following exposure of sperm. Thus, its application as in vitro toxicological end point is reasonable. The survival of embryos and embryonic development have not been affected by the exposure of spermatozoa, which means all alterations in spermatozoa caused by heavy metals have been expressed before 24 hours post fertilization.
Distinguishing Between Investigator Discriminability and Eyewitness Discriminability: A Method for Creating Full Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves of Lineup Identification Performance
Authors: Smith Andrew M. , Yang Yueran , Wells Gary L.
Published: May 2020

The conceptual frameworks provided by both the lineups-as-experiments analogy and signal detection theory have proven important to understanding how eyewitness lineups work. The lineups-as-experiments analogy proposes that when investigators use a lineup procedure, they are acting as experimenters and should therefore follow the same tried-and-true procedures that experimenters follow when executing an experiment. Signal detection theory offers a framework for distinguishing between factors that improve the trade-off between culprit and innocent-suspect identifications and factors that affect the frequency of suspect identifications. We integrate these two conceptual frameworks. We argue that an eyewitness lineup procedure is characterized by two simultaneous signal detection tasks. On one hand, the witness is tasked with determining whether the culprit is present in the lineup and identifying that person. On the other hand, the investigator knows which lineup member is the suspect and which lineup members are known-innocent fillers and is therefore tasked only with determining whether the suspect is the culprit. The investigator uses the witness’s identification decision and associated level of confidence to decide whether the suspect is the culprit. We leverage this realization to demonstrate a method for creating full receiver operating characteristic curves for eyewitness lineup procedures.
Current Status of Magnolia vovidesii (Magnoliaceae, Magnoniales): New Data on Population Trends, Spatial Structure, and Disturbance Threats
Authors: Galván-Hernández Dulce María , Octavio-Aguilar Pablo , Bartolo-Hernández Cruz de Jesús , García-Montes Mario Adolfo , Sánchez-González Arturo , Ramírez-Bautista Aurelio , Vovides Andrew
Published: May 2020

Magnolia vovidesii has been found in a few small patches in central Veracruz, Mexico. Previous ecological studies have suggested high reproductive potential and stable population growth; however, in the last 20 years, there have been severe anthropogenic environmental impacts on the species. The main objectives of this study were (a) to document the current trend of the population, (b) to determine its spatial structure, and (c) to identify the main threats to the species in order to propose conservation and management strategies. Our results show a population in decline, caused by high mortality during early establishment stages (seeds and seedlings) and the removal of young sick trees during the reproductive stage. We found a strong spatial dependence between seedlings and reproductive individuals (young and old adults) and a weak spatial association between reproductive stages, suggesting a nursing effect, inbreeding, and pollen dependence. The main threats to the population are frequent plant removal, trails used by people, land-use change, and parasitism. These data show the urgent need to carry out prompt conservation action for the species, with special emphasis on ex situ propagation. The results of this study suggest that M. vovidesii should be transferred to the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List category for critically endangered species.
One in 5 Athletes Sustain Reinjury Upon Return to High-Risk Sports After ACL Reconstruction: A Systematic Review in 1239 Athletes Younger Than 20 Years
Authors: Barber-Westin Sue , Noyes Frank R.
Published: May 2020

Context:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) is frequently performed in patients younger than 20 years whose goal is to return to sport (RTS). Varying reinjury rates have been reported, and the factors responsible are unclear. Studies differ with regard to age, graft type, surgical techniques, postoperative rehabilitation, RTS guidelines, and methods used to determine ACL failures.

Objective:

To determine RTS rates; the effect of participation in high-risk sports, sex, and graft type on ACL reinjury rates; and whether objective test criteria before RTS correlate with lower reinjury rates.

Data Sources:

A systematic review of the literature from inception to May 31, 2019, was conducted using the PubMed and Cochrane databases.

Study Selection:

Studies on transphyseal ACLR in athletes <20 years old with a minimum mean follow-up of 2 years that reported reinjury rates, the number that RTS, and detailed the type of sport were included.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Results:

A total of 1239 patients in 8 studies were included; 87% returned to sport and 80% resumed high-risk activities. Of the patients, 18% reinjured the ACL graft and/or the contralateral ACL. Nine percent of patellar tendon autografts and 15% of hamstring autografts failed (odds ratio [OR], 0.52; P = 0.002). Of reinjuries, 90% occurred during high-risk sports. Male patients had a significantly higher rate of ACL graft failure than female patients (OR, 1.64; P = 0.01). There was no sex-based effect on contralateral ACL injuries. Only 1 study cited objective criteria for RTS.

Conclusion:

A high percentage of athletes returned to sport, but 1 in 5 suffered reinjuries to either knee. Male patients were more likely to reinjure the ACL graft. Objective criteria for RTS were rarely mentioned or not detailed. The need for testing of knee stability, strength, neuromuscular control, agility, and psychological measures before RTS remains paramount in young athletes.
OriginalMy: Blockchain technology and business defying a 20th-century regulation
Authors: Moraes Trícia Karla Lacerda , Cernev Adrian Kemmer
Published: May 2020

Blockchain is the century’s most notable technological innovation that is reshaping all industries. Notwithstanding, the technology needs to achieve maturity and address critical problems to generate real business value. Consequently, blockchain-based new ventures have been dealing with high-technology-associated pressures to enter this modern market. Most of them are still in the platform proliferation stage, struggling to face serious regulation challenges. Alternatively, there are successful cases in which wise strategic choices allowed companies to overcome the challenges and leverage their business successfully – OriginalMy is one of them. It is a Brazilian born blockchain-based venture aiming to decentralise notary and authenticity contributing to reduce excessive bureaucracy and eventually restrain corruption that is relatively common not only in their country but all over the world. This Teaching Case covers how the venture strove against unpredictable and unfavourable situations to fund and develop its blockchain business. It is supplemented by in-depth Teaching Notes where we craft a synthesised theoretical background to support the complex decision-making process through which the Chief Executive Officer defined the company’s fate amid such challenges and uncertainties concerning blockchain technology. The case examines the entrepreneurs behind OriginalMy, its growth, the difficulties it has faced, the upright issues surrounding it and its future outlooks. It draws on theory from high-technology market entry and the inherent pressures of this kind of entrepreneurship, sustained by the strategies and alliances that entrepreneurs can enact to address them.
Why We Don’t See Race: How Australia Has Overlooked Race as an Influence on Miscarriages of Justice
Authors: Stratton Greg , Sigamoney Alyssa
Published: May 2020

While criminal justice systems are increasingly prepared to identify and overturn wrongful convictions, the focus of limiting errors has centered upon commonly accepted “causal factors” of wrongful conviction. Importantly, there has been limited work that has explored the question of who is most vulnerable to fall victim to this error. We explore three landmark case studies highlighting wrongful convictions in Australia where race, racialized policing, or racism were crucial yet unresolved issues leading to an erroneous conviction. These cases and the absence of resolutions of these racialized issues in these convictions typify the inadequacies of Australian approaches to wrongful conviction. We argue that to achieve justice in Australia we must not be limited to the causal factors that have come to define American innocence and should support greater acknowledgment of how race and ethnicity influence wrongful conviction.
Functional outcomes of direct anterior approach hip arthroplasty: Oblique ‘bikini’ versus longitudinal skin incision
Authors: Menzies-Wilson Richard , Marino Iskandar Tamimi , Mahalingham Karuppiah , Field Richard
Published: May 2020

Introduction:

The direct anterior approach (DAA) for hip arthroplasty has gained popularity in recent years with numerous articles suggesting that short-term outcomes are advantageous over alternative approaches. The ‘bikini’ inguinal crease line incision is a novel variant of the DAA, which reduces the scar.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess functional and general health outcomes and complications of the two different surgical incisions used in DAA total hip arthroplasty (i.e. ‘bikini’ and longitudinal incisions).

Results:

We found no statistical difference between the novel bikini incision and the traditional DAA hip arthroplasty.

Conclusion:

This approach offers a cosmetically improved scar with no compromise in outcomes.
Size of Initial Bone Bruise Predicts Future Lateral Chondral Degeneration in ACL Injuries: A Radiographic Analysis
Authors: Kia Cameron , Cavanaugh Zachary , Gillis Edward , Dwyer Corey , Chadayammuri Vivek , Muench Lukas N. , Berthold Daniel P. , Murphy Matthew , Pacheco Rafael , Arciero Robert A.
Published: May 2020

Background:

Bone marrow contusions are common after an acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. It is unknown whether the severity of this initial bruise can predict the potential of developing chondral changes even after ACL reconstructive surgery (ACLR).

Purpose:

To investigate whether the initial bone bruise area could be predictive of progressive chondral defects.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was performed to capture patients with an acute ACL injury with pre- and post-ACLR magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between January 2000 and December 2017. Lesion areas were measured on initial MRI, and chondral wear was graded on final imaging by use of the modified Outerbridge classification. An ordinal model was created to determine whether the initial area was a significant predictor for future chondral degeneration.

Results:

A total of 40 patients with a mean age of 34.5 ± 12.6 years were included for analysis. All patients underwent ACLR at a mean 139 ± 64 days from initial injury. A lateral tibial and femoral bone bruise was most commonly present in patients (77.5% and 62.5%, respectively). A medial femoral bone bruise was found in only 12.5% (5/40) of patients. The initial contusion area significantly correlated with increasing chondral wear over time in the tibia and lateral femoral condyle ( P < .001). Patients with a bone bruise encompassing 100% of the lateral femoral compartment on MRI had a 74% chance of having grade 3 or 4 chondral changes at 5 years ( P = .001). Absence of a bone bruise on initial MRI was the greatest predictor of no cartilage wear at 5 years in all compartments ( P < .001). The presence of a concomitant lateral meniscal injury increased the risk of developing type 3 or 4 chondral wear in the lateral tibial plateau ( P = .012) but did not pose increased risk of femoral wear ( P = .23).

Conclusion:

A significant relationship between area of initial bone bruise at the time of injury and progressive posttraumatic chondral disease was found in the tibial and lateral femoral compartments.
Contributions of Voice Expectations to Talker Selection in Younger and Older Adults With Normal Hearing
Authors: Bologna William J. , Ahlstrom Jayne B. , Dubno Judy R.
Published: May 2020

Focused attention on expected voice features, such as fundamental frequency (F0) and spectral envelope, may facilitate segregation and selection of a target talker in competing talker backgrounds. Age-related declines in attention may limit these abilities in older adults, resulting in poorer speech understanding in complex environments. To test this hypothesis, younger and older adults with normal hearing listened to sentences with a single competing talker. For most trials, listener attention was directed to the target by a cue phrase that matched the target talker’s F0 and spectral envelope. For a small percentage of randomly occurring probe trials, the target’s voice unexpectedly differed from the cue phrase in terms of F0 and spectral envelope. Overall, keyword recognition for the target talker was poorer for older adults than younger adults. Keyword recognition was poorer on probe trials than standard trials for both groups, and incorrect responses on probe trials contained keywords from the single-talker masker. No interaction was observed between age-group and the decline in keyword recognition on probe trials. Thus, reduced performance by older adults overall could not be attributed to declines in attention to an expected voice. Rather, other cognitive abilities, such as speed of processing and linguistic closure, were predictive of keyword recognition for younger and older adults. Moreover, the effects of age interacted with the sex of the target talker, such that older adults had greater difficulty understanding target keywords from female talkers than male talkers.
Mutational dynamics and immune evasion in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma explored in a relapse-enriched patient series
Authors: Wise Jillian F. , Nakken Sigve , Steen Chloé B. , Vodák Daniel , Trøen Gunhild , Johannessen Bjarne , Lingjærde Ole Christian , Hilden Vera , Blaker Yngvild Nuvin , Bai Baoyan , Aasheim Lars Birger , Pasanen Annika , Lorenz Susanne , Sveen Anita , Lothe Ragnhild A. , Myklebost Ola , Leppä Sirpa , Meza-Zepeda Leonardo A. , Beiske Klaus , Lawrence Michael S. , Hovig Eivind , Myklebust June Helen , Smeland Erlend B. , Holte Harald
Published: May 2020

Key Points

Diagnostic and relapse diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) biopsies reveal increased mutational burden/loss of heterozygosity in HLA-A. Serially sampled tumor biopsies provide insight into therapeutic targets and evolutionary divergence in relapsed/refractory DLBCL.