bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Borrelia spp. in small mammals in Romania
Authors: Kalmár Zsuzsa , Sándor Attila Dávid , Matei Ioana Adriana , Ionică Angela , D’Amico Gianluca , Gherman Călin Mircea , Mihalca Andrei Daniel
Published: September 2019

Background

Small mammals play an important role in the life-cycle of ticks and are reservoirs for several zoonotic pathogens. The aim of this study was to provide epidemiological data regarding the presence of Borrelia spp. in tissues of small mammals from Romania.

Methods

We examined 401 individuals belonging to 11 small mammal species collected in Romania. Collections cover the largest effort to survey these reservoirs in the country. Tissue samples were analyzed by multiplex qPCR targeting the ospA gene of Borrelia burgdorferi (s.l.) and a part of the flaB gene of B. miyamotoi. Positive samples were further analysed by conventional PCR and sequenced.

Results

The overall prevalence of infection with Borrelia spp. in small mammal tissues was 4.9%. The most commonly detected species were B. afzelii, followed by B. garinii/B. bavariensis, B. miyamotoi and B. burgdorferi (s.s.). To our knowledge, we report for the first time the detection of Borrelia spp. in Crocidura leucodon and C. suaveolens, and B. miyamotoi in the liver of Myodes glareolus.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, our study evaluates for the first time the occurrence of Borrelia spp. in small mammals in Romania, contributing to a better knowledge of the distribution of these bacteria. This survey upgrades previous data on the spatial distribution of the pathogens and reveals the importance of animal surveillance regarding Lyme borreliosis and relapsing fever caused by B. miyamotoi.
Apolipoprotein E promoter genotypes are not associated with white matter hyperintensity development in high-altitude careers
Authors: Chapleau Richard R. , Martin CharLee A. , Hughes Summer R. , Baldwin James C. , Sladky John , Sherman Paul M. , Grinkemeyer Michael
Published: September 2019

Objective

This study sought to determine if there is an association between variants in the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) promoter regions and development of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in military subjects who have been exposed to high altitude. In an earlier study, we found that ApoE status did not correlate with WMH development, and here we hypothesized that regulation of APOE protein expression may be protective.

Results

Our cohort of 92 subjects encountered altitude exposures above 25,000 feet mean sea level through their occupations as pilots or altitude chamber technicians. Using Taqman-style polymerase chain reaction genotyping and t-tests and two-way analyses of variance we found no significant association between ApoE promoter genotypes and the presence, volume, or quantity of WMHs after high altitude exposure. Taken together, the observations that neither ApoE genotype status nor promoter status are associated with WMH properties, we believe that the mechanism of action for developing WMH does not derive from ApoE, nor would therapies for ApoE-mediated neurodegeneration likely benefit high altitude operators.
A general approach for retrosynthetic molecular core analysis
Authors: Naveja J. Jesús , Pilón-Jiménez B. Angélica , Bajorath Jürgen , Medina-Franco José L.
Published: September 2019

Scaffold analysis of compound data sets has reemerged as a chemically interpretable alternative to machine learning for chemical space and structure–activity relationships analysis. In this context, analog series-based scaffolds (ASBS) are synthetically relevant core structures that represent individual series of analogs. As an extension to ASBS, we herein introduce the development of a general conceptual framework that considers all putative cores of molecules in a compound data set, thus softening the often applied “single molecule–single scaffold” correspondence. A putative core is here defined as any substructure of a molecule complying with two basic rules: (a) the size of the core is a significant proportion of the whole molecule size and (b) the substructure can be reached from the original molecule through a succession of retrosynthesis rules. Thereafter, a bipartite network consisting of molecules and cores can be constructed for a database of chemical structures. Compounds linked to the same cores are considered analogs. We present case studies illustrating the potential of the general framework. The applications range from inter- and intra-core diversity analysis of compound data sets, structure–property relationships, and identification of analog series and ASBS. The molecule–core network herein presented is a general methodology with multiple applications in scaffold analysis. New statistical methods are envisioned that will be able to draw quantitative conclusions from these data. The code to use the method presented in this work is freely available as an additional file. Follow-up applications include analog searching and core structure–property relationships analyses.
Identification of Actionable Genomic Alterations Using Circulating Cell-Free DNA
Authors: Sánchez Nora S. , Kahle Michael P. , Bailey Ann Marie , Wathoo Chetna , Balaji Kavitha , Demirhan Mehmet Esat , Yang Dong , Javle Milind , Kaseb Ahmed , Eng Cathy , Subbiah Vivek , Janku Filip , Raymond Victoria M. , Lanman Richard B. , Mills Shaw Kenna R. , Meric-Bernstam Funda
Published: September 2019

PURPOSE

Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) next-generation sequencing is a noninvasive approach for genomic testing. We report the frequency of identifying alterations and their clinical actionability in patients with advanced/metastatic cancer.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Prospectively consented patients had cfDNA testing performed. Alterations were assessed for therapeutic implications.

RESULTS

We enrolled 575 patients with 37 tumor types. Of these patients, 438 (76.2%) had at least one alteration detected, and 205 (35.7%) had one or more alterations of high potential for clinical action. In diseases with 10 or more patients enrolled, 50% or more had at least one alteration deemed of high potential for clinical action. Trials were identified in 80% of patients (286 of 357) with any alteration and in 92% of patients (188 of 205) with one or more alterations of high potential for clinical action of whom 57.6% (118 of 205) had 6 or more months of follow-up available. Of these patients, 10% (12 of 118) had received genomically matched therapy through enrollment in clinical trials (n = 8), off-label drug use (n = 3), or standard of care (n = 1). Although 88.6% of all patients had a performance status of 0 or 1 upon enrollment, the primary reason for not acting on alterations was poor performance status at next treatment change (28.1%; 27 of 96).

CONCLUSION

cfDNA testing represents a readily accessible method for genomic testing and allows for detection of genomic alterations in most patients with advanced disease. Utility may be higher in patients interested in investigational therapeutics with adequate performance status. Additional study is needed to determine whether utility is enhanced by testing earlier in the treatment course.
Role of Ultrasound in Emergency Front of Neck Access: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Ansari Umair , Malhas Laith , Mendonca Cyprian
Published: September 2019

Emergency front of neck access (eFONA) is a lifesaving procedure in a cannot intubate cannot oxygenate (CICO) situation. We report a case of a patient who presented to the emergency department (ED) in extremis with a difficult airway. A history of multiple neck surgeries and permanent tracheostomy from birth until the age of 17 years complicated his airway management. Altered neck anatomy led to failed intubation and oxygenation. EFONA was established with the use of rapid ultrasound imaging and using the scalpel-bougie-tube technique. We present a review of literature relating to the use of ultrasound during emergency airway management.
The only way is ethics: navigating business in the modern world
Authors: Bernstein Adam
Published: September 2019

There is increasing pressure for business owners to operate using ethical practices, and nowhere is this more relevant than in a person-centred field like the care sector. Adam Bernstein offers insights on how to achieve the balance between profits and principles
Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis for Cystic Fibrosis: Implementation, Uptake, Outcome, and Implications
Authors: Chandler Natalie J , Ahlfors Helena , Drury Suzanne , Mellis Rhiannon , Hill Melissa , McKay Fiona J , Collinson Claire , Hayward Jane , Jenkins Lucy , Chitty Lyn S
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) for monogenic disorders has a high uptake by families. Since 2013, our accredited public health service laboratory has offered NIPD for monogenic disorders, predominantly for de novo or paternally dominantly inherited mutations. Here we describe the extension of this service to include definitive NIPD for a recessive condition, cystic fibrosis (CF).

METHODS

Definitive NIPD for CF was developed using next-generation sequencing. Validation was performed on 13 cases from 10 families before implementation. All cases referred for CF NIPD were reviewed to determine turnaround times, genotyping results, and pregnancy outcomes.

RESULTS

Of 38 referrals, 36 received a result with a mean turnaround of 5.75 days (range, 3–11 days). Nine cases were initially inconclusive, with 3 reported unaffected because the low-risk paternal allele was inherited and 4 cases in which the high-risk paternal allele was inherited, receiving conclusive results following repeat testing. One case was inconclusive owing to a paternal recombination around the mutation site, and one case was uninformative because of no heterozygosity. Before 2016, 3 invasive referrals for CF were received annually compared with 38 for NIPD in the 24 months since offering a definitive NIPD service.

CONCLUSIONS

Timely and accurate NIPD for definitive prenatal diagnosis of CF is possible in a public health service laboratory. The method detects recombinations, and the service is well-received as evidenced by the significant increase in referrals. The bioinformatic approach is gene agnostic and will be used to expand the range of conditions tested for.
Sexto Empírico e as diferenças entre o Pirronismo e a filosofia dos Acadêmicos
Authors: Huguenin Rafael , Brito Rodrigo Pinto de
Published: September 2019

Trata-se aqui de apresentar a primeira versão da tradução de Sexto Empírico, Esboços Pirrônicos 1.220-235, trecho em que o filósofo/médico cético compara o pirronismo com a filosofia da Academia.
On the “Perceptible Bodies” at De Generatione et Corruptione II.1
Authors: Crowley Timothy J.
Published: September 2019

Near the beginning of De Gen. et Cor. II.1, Aristotle claims that the generation and corruption of all naturally constituted substances are “not without the perceptible bodies” (328b32-33). It is not clear what he intends by this. In this paper I offer a new interpretation of this assertion. I argue that the assumption behind the usual reading, namely, that these “perceptible bodies” ought to be distinguished from the naturally constituted substances, is flawed, and that the assertion is best understood as a claim that Aristotle has established in the second half of the first book of the De Gen. et Cor.
Anaxarco de Abdera
Authors: Pajón Leyra Ignacio
Published: September 2019

La doctrina filosófica de Anaxarco de Abdera, es hoy en día muy poco conocida. A pesar de ello, Anaxarco tuvo una importancia clave en el desarrollo de la filosofía helenística. Su ética, en concreto, es de las primeras que establecen que el fin de la vida es la felicidad (el eudemonismo que le dio nombre), y además, plantea que la única vía para alcanzar ese fin es la adiaphoria, la indiferencia. Sin embargo, la interpretación escéptica de la adiaphoria como negación del criterio de verdad hará de Anaxarco una figura desde su punto de vista ajena a la corriente escéptica. El propósito de este artículo es analizar la forma en la que la tradición helenística y romana comprendió el papel de la eudaimonia de Anaxarco y su lugar en el desarrollo del pensamiento de la época.
Politik Rekognisi Axel Honneth: Relevansinya terhadap Jaminan Kesetaraan dalam Hukum di Indonesia
Authors: Prabowo Rian Adhivira
Published: September 2019

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk membahas bagaimana jaminan kesetaraan dalam hukum mengacu kepada konsep politik rekognisi dari Axel Honneth. Untuk memenuhi tujuan itu, penulis melakukan studi pustaka terhadap beragam literatur, dengan mengacu pada literatur yang mengupas teori rekognisi sebagai pijakan konsep, dan karya tesis sebagai pijakan analisis persoalan yang dibedah. Berdasarkan teori Honneth, politik rekognisi memiliki tiga ranah yang berbeda namun saling berkaitan: cinta, hukum/hak, dan solidaritas yang masing-masing memiliki konturnya sendiri beserta jenis ancaman yang berbeda pula. Tulisan ini menemukan bahwa jaminan secara hukum saja tidak akan pernah mencukupi karena jaminan tersebut terjalin dengan politik rekognisi pada ranah lain. Temuan inilah yang penulis sebut sebagai misrekognisi. Kesimpulannya, relevansi politik rekognisi Axel Honnet adalah menempatkan dirinya dalam sudut yang berseberangan, yang akhir-akhir ini sering dilebeli dengan kata: asing dan aseng, sesat, menyimpang, haram, kafir, antek, pengkhianat negara, dan lain sebagainya.
The business capacity of broiler farmers in the partnership business pattern
Authors: Suryanti R. , Sumardjo S. , Syahyuti S. , Tjitropranoto P.
Published: September 2019

The present study was conducted to analyze the broiler farmers’ capacity level in the partnership pattern and to analyze the factors which affect it. The current study was conducted in Bogor and Sukabumi, West Java Province using a survey approach on 247 farmers who ran farm businesses with the partnership pattern. Data were collected through questionnaire filling by farmers and in-depth interviews with key informants. The data were collected from July to October 2018. The data were analyzed descriptively and with inferential analysis (regression). The results of the study revealed that the farmers’ business capacity was weak. This was evident in the managerial and partnership capability which was categorized as low, the entrepreneurship and problem-solving capability which was categorized as medium, and only the technical capability which was categorized as high.  The regression results demonstrated that business capacity was influenced positively by the formal education level, social environment characteristics (organizational support, access to experts), and the role of private extension agents (their role as educators, communicators, consultants, dynamizators, and organizers).
The effect of diammonium phosphate and sodium silicate on the adhesion and fire properties of birch veneer
Authors: Hautamäki Saara , Altgen Michael , Altgen Daniela , Larnøy Erik , Hänninen Tuomas , Rautkari Lauri
Published: September 2019

In built environments the combustibility of wood is a great concern, which limits the use of wood as a building material due to legislation. The reaction-to-fire properties of wood can be altered with the use of fire-retardant chemicals, and most of the commonly used fire retardants already have a long history of use. However, only limited information is available on the impact of different fire retardants on the adhesion properties of wood. Additionally, comparative studies between chemicals from different groups of fire retardants is scarce. The objective of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of two commonly used fire retardants, sodium silicate (SS) and diammonium phosphate (DAP), on veneer properties, the focus being especially on thermal behavior and adhesion. Thermal properties and combustibility were studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), flame test and calorimetry. Glue bond strength was analyzed with an automated bonding evaluation system (ABES) and the leaching of chemicals was determined according to EN84. Additionally, the surface characteristics of modified veneers were imaged with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results revealed notable differences in the thermal properties of SS and DAP, with DAP having better fire-retardant performance in all thermal testing. SS also affected thermal properties and combustibility of modified veneers, but the effect was only moderate compared to DAP. Neither SS or DAP had any significant resistance against leaching but ABES testing showed a notable increase in the glue bond strength of DAP modified veneers.
Radiation and its associated health risks: assessment of knowledge and risk perception among adolescents and young adults in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Shaaban Heba , Shaikh Mohsina Bano
Published: September 2019

Electromagnetic radiation is the fastest growing environmental factor due to the vast development in technology in the last decades. Awareness about radiation has received more attention worldwide due to its health hazards. Adolescents are exposed to radiation from various sources on a daily basis. The number of studies conducted to assess the knowledge and perception of adolescents and young adults regarding radiation and its risks is limited, especially in the Middle East. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and perception about radiation and its associated hazards among adolescents and young adults. Additionally, our aim was to identify the best methods of education regarding radiation and its protective measures. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 506 participants in Saudi Arabia. It was found that the overall knowledge and awareness on radiation sources and its hazards among adolescents and young adults is inadequate. The majority of participants had misconceptions regarding radiation sources and its detriments to health. Socio-demographic variables were associated with the participants’ perception. Educating adolescents on radiation and its safety measures is much needed. It was found that the most preferred methods of education are social media and health care providers. The findings of this study will provide insight when designing future interventions to promote specific messages to enhance knowledge and improve awareness regarding radiation.
Acrylic acid-chitosan blend hydrogel: a novel polymer adsorbent for adsorption of lead(II) and copper(II) ions from wastewater
Authors: Maskawat Marjub Makid , Rahman Nazia , Dafader Nirmal Chandra , Sultana Tuhen Fahima , Sultana Shahnaz , Tasneem Ahmed Farah
Published: September 2019

Environmental pollution due to heavy metal contamination is a major environmental concern. A fully biodegradable and reusable adsorbent hydrogel for removal of heavy metal ions has been developed. The hydrogel was prepared from acrylic acid and chitosan using an irradiation method. The adsorbent was characterized using Fourier transform infrared analysis. Uptake of copper(II) and lead(II) at different contact times, pH, and metal ion concentrations was investigated by a batch method using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Kinetic adsorption data were studied using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equations. Experimental metal adsorption data were fitted with the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity of the hydrogel was found to be 192 and 171 mg/g for lead(II) and copper(II), respectively, from the Langmuir isotherm model. Reuse and desorption of the hydrogel were also successful. The adsorbent can be used to adsorb Cu(II) and Pb(II) by the column method with high removal efficiency. The data indicated that the designed hydrogel was environment friendly, regenerative, and can be used effectively for the removal of toxic heavy metal cations from wastewater for a sustainable environment.
Optimal retirement planning under partial information
Authors: Bäuerle Nicole , Chen An
Published: September 2019

The present paper analyzes an optimal consumption and investment problem of a retiree with a constant relative risk aversion (CRRA) who faces parameter uncertainty about the financial market.
We solve the optimization problem under partial information by making the market observationally complete and consequently applying the martingale method to obtain closed-form solutions to the optimal consumption and investment strategies. Further, we provide some comparative statics and numerical analyses to deeply understand the consumption and investment behavior under partial information. Bearing partial information has little impact on the optimal consumption level, but it makes retirees with an RRA smaller than one invest more riskily, while it makes retirees with an RRA larger than one invest more conservatively.
Ein einfaches Näherungsverfahren zur quantenmechanischen Behandlung der π-Elektronensysteme aromatischer Kohlenwasserstoffe I
Authors: Hartmann Hermann
Published: September 2019

Es wird ein quantenmechanische3 Näherungsverfahren entwickelt, das die Wechselwirkungs-energie der π -Elektronen im Grundzustand aromatischer Kohlenwasserstoffe praktisch ohne Rechenarbeit aus der Strukturformel abzulesen gestattet. Die Resultate des Verfahrens sind im großen und ganzen ebensogut mit der Erfahrung in Übereinstimmung, wie die Resultate des Slater-Paulingschen Verfahrens. Im Falle des Stoffpaares Anthracen-Phenanthren sind sie den Resultaten des Slater-Paulingschen Verfahrens überlegen. Mit Hilfe des Verfahrens lassen sich die Wechselwirkungsenergien der π- Elektronen für ganze Stoffklassen überblicken. Einige Beispiele hierzu werden mitgeteilt.
Mischungsentropie und osmotischer Druck von Lösungen langgestreckter, starrer Teilchen (Zur statistischen Theorie makromolekularer Lösungen II)
Authors: Schulz G. V.
Published: September 2019

Statistische Rechnungen zeigen, daß die Mischungsentropie und damit der osmotische Druck in Lösungen langgestreckter Teilchen beträchtlich höher als in solchen kugelförmiger Teilchen ist. Dieses kommt dadurch zustande, daß sich langgestreckte Teilchen in ihrer räumlichen Orientierung gegenseitig behindern, und zwar um so stärker, je höher die Konzentration ist. Der Effekt ist allein vom Achsenverhältnis der Teilchen ab-hängig. Die entsprechenden Gleichungen werden für ein zylinderisches Modell abgeleitet. Das Achsenverhältnis der Serumglobulin-und der Myosinmoleküle ist aus Messungen der Sedimentationsgeschwindigkeit in der Ultrazentrifuge bekannt (Kabatu. Pedersen; H. H. Weber). Auch aus den osmotischen Messungen von Burk u. Greenbgrg bzw. H. H. Weber läßt sich nach den neu abgeleiteten Gleichungen das Achsenverhältnis berechnen. Die verschiedenen Methoden führen zu befriedigend übereinstimmenden Ergebnissen. I n den letzten Jahren ist eine Reihe von
Die Herkunft der kurzperiodischen Cepheiden und anderer schnell bewegter Sterne
Authors: Lohmann Werner , Miczaika Gerhard
Published: September 2019

Nach einer Diskussion der Geschwindigkeitsverhältnisse und Bestimmung der Relaxationszeit wird abgeschätzt, daß die Anzahl der aus den kugelförmigen Sternhaufen diffundierten Sterne viel zu gering ist, um den Ursprung der kurzperiodischen Cepheiden der Galaxis in den Kugelhaufen suchen zu können. Das vorzugsweise Auftreten von Sternen des Baadeschen Sterngemisches II - zu dem auch die RR Lyrae-Sterne gehören - in den Kernen von Sternsystemen legt die Vermutung nahe, daß diese aus den Sternansammlungen des Milchstraßenkernes stammen. Die Asymmetrie der Bewegungen der kurzperiodischen Cepheiden und anderer schnellbewegter Sterne, die in der Sonnenumgebung zum Gemisch II gehören, läßt sich durch Sternströmungen erklären, die etwa radial von und zum galaktischen Zentrum verlaufen.
Über den Elementarprozeß der Lichtanregung in Leuchtstoffen durch α-Teilchen, schnelle Elektronen und γ-Quanten II
Authors: Broser Immanuel , Kallmann Hartmut
Published: September 2019

In Fortsetzung einer früheren Veröffentlichung werden eine Reihe von weiteren Versuchen an Leuchtstoffen mittels Sekundärelektronen-Vervielfacher-Photozelle als Meßgerät beschrieben. Mit einem Gleichstromverfahren werden ZnS, CaWO4, Zn2Si04, Naphthalin und einige andere Stoffe hinsichtlich ihrer relativen Lichtausbeute und Lichtdurchlässigkeit bei Anregung mit α-Teilchen, schnellen Elektronen und y-Strahlen untersucht. Die technische Lichtausbeute für α-Teilchen ist beim ZnS, für Elektronen und Y-Strahlen beim Naphthalin weitaus am besten. Es gelingt, neben einzelnen α-Szintillationen im ZnS auch die Lichtwirkung einzelner Elektronen und γ-Quanten bei Benutzung von Naphthalin als Leuchtstoff und unter Kühlung des Vervielfachers quantitativ nachzuweisen. Aus diesen am Elektronenstrahl-Oszillographen angestellten Beobachtungen werden Dauer und Intensität der Lichtimpulse bestimmt.
Zur Formulierung des Huygensschen Prinzips
Authors: Franz Walter
Published: September 2019

Mit Hilfe der Greenschen Dyade wird eine Formulierung des Huygensschen Prinzips für elektromagnetische Wellen abgeleitet, welche, ebenso wie die Kirchhoffsche Formel der skalaren Theorie, sofort erkennen läßt, daß für beliebige "Randwerte" die Wellen-gleichungen erfüllt werden. Doch erscheint die Kirchhoffsche Theorie nicht als Lösung einer Randwertaufgabe, sondern eines Sprungwertproblems. Im Gegensatz zu Kott-ier 2 wird dabei der Sprungwert als Grundzug der Kirchhoffschen Theorie, nicht als Eigenschaft des "schwarzen" Schirmes interpretiert. A n anderer Stelle 3 habe ich ein sukzessives
Zusammensetzung, innere Energie und spezifische Wärme der Luft bei hohen Temperaturen
Authors: Burkhardt Gerd
Published: September 2019

Es wird unter Zugrundelegung der Planck sehen Zustandssummen die Zusammensetzung der Luft aus Molekülen, Atomen, Ionen und freien Elektronen als Funktion der Temperatur bis -30000° berechnet und daraus innere Energie und spezifische Wärme des Gases bestimmt.
Zur erzwungenen Kondensation beim Arsenik
Authors: Stranski Iwan N . , Wolff Günther
Published: September 2019

Es werden die Zusammenhänge bei der erzwungenen Kondensation im Arsenikdampf näher untersucht. Dabei ergeben sich weitere Argumente für die Vermutung, daß die erzwungene Kondensation mit einer Anregung der As4O6-Dampfmolekel ursächlich verknüpft ist.

Im einzelnen wird gezeigt, daß die Anregung sowohl thermisch als auch durch Ionenstoß erfolgen kann. Die Anregungsenergie wird größenordnungsmäßig bestimmt; sie umfaßt wahrscheinlich mehrere Stufen, entsprechend dem Übergang von einer teilweisen Dissoziation (Anreißung) bis zur vollständigen Dissoziation der As4O6-Molekel in einzelne As203-Molekel.

Die Struktur des erzwungenen Kondensates selbst ist glasig. Unter dem katalytischen Einfluß feuchter Luft nimmt es Übergangs- (Claudetit- bzw. claudetitähnliclie), schließlich Arsenolithstruktur an.

Eine rechnerische Auswertung der Versuchsergebnisse gewährt tieferen Einblick in den Mechanismus der Erscheinung. Die Voraussetzung für das Zustandekommen des Effektes bildet die erhöhte Konzentration an angerissenen bzw. dissoziierten Molekeln im Verein mit einer abnorm geringen Verdainpfungsgeschwindigkeit des dabei entstehenden Kondensates. Der Effekt wird auch bei anderen Substanzen gefunden: P303 , As2S2, P, As und Sb2O3 .
Über die Kinetik der Auflösung schwer löslicher Silbersalze durch Komplexbildung I
Authors: Jaenicke Walther , Hauffe Karl
Published: September 2019

Silberhalogenidschichten bekannter Masse werden durch anodische Polarisation von Silber in Halogenidlösungen erzeugt. Sie werden dem Angriff durch wäßrige Lösungen von Ammoniak, Cyanid, Thiosulfat, Thioharnstoff, Rhodanid ausgesetzt oder durch Jodidlösungen in Silberjodid übergeführt. Die umgesetzte Menge wird durch den Abbau des Schichtrestes mittels kathodischer Polarisation bestimmt. Zur Deutung der Experimente werden die Diffusionsbedingungen an der Grenzfläche mit und ohne Folgereaktionen in der Flüssigkeit diskutiert. Bei einem Teil der Reaktionen ist die Diffusion zur Kristalloberfläche der geschwindigkeitsbestimmende Faktor, bei den anderen die Grenzflächenreaktion. Dementsprechend ist der Temperaturkoeffizient im ersten Fall der des Diffusionskoeffizienten, in letzterem eine für die Reaktion charakteristische Größe. Die Grenzflächenreaktion verläuft in verschiedener Ordnung mit der Konzentration der Lösungsreagenzien. Dies wird auf das bevorzugte Entstehen von je nach den Versuchsbedingungen verschiedenen Komplexen zurückgeführt. Die auf Grund der Versuche als Reaktionsprodukte wahrscheinlich gemachten Komplexe werden mit in der Literatur bekannten identifiziert.
Ergebnisse der Tieftemperaturforschung VIII. Rektifikation von H2-HD-D2-Gemischen zur Gewinnung von Deuteriumhydrid, Deuterium und schwerem Wasser
Authors: Clusius Klaus , Starke Kurt
Published: September 2019

Der Betrieb von Kernenergiemaschinen erfordert u. a. ein geeignetes Bremsmittel für Neutronen, z. B. schweres Wasser. Stellt man es elektrolytisch dar, so werden mindestens 120 kWh für 1 g D2O verbraucht. Daher wird der Vorschlag gemacht, in einem Rieselturm mit flüssigem deuteriumfreien Wasserstoff aus kaltem Wasserstoffgas 90 bis 95% des in ihm enthaltenen Deuteriumhydrids auszuwaschen und durch Rektifikation anzureichern. Stellt man dann das Gleichgewicht'

2 HD ⇄ H2 + D2 + 155 cal

ein, so läßt sich durch fortgesetzte Rektifikation schließlich reines Deuterium abtrennen, während das Restgas weiter auf HD verarbeitet wird u. s. f. Zunächst werden die binären Siedediagramme für H2-HD-, HD-D2-und H2-D2-Gemische aus den Dampfdruckkurven mittels des Raoultschen Gesetzes für 760 mm Druck entwickelt. In gleicher Weise läßt sich das für den Endprozeß maßgebende ternäre Siedediagramm ableiten. Die Verbesserung des Trennfaktors durch Übergang vom ein-gefrorenen Hochtemperaturgleichgewicht zum idealen Gleichgewichtsgemisch bei tiefen Temperaturen wird berechnet und diskutiert. Darauf werden Rektifikationsversuche mit H2-HD-D2-Gemischen in einer gläsernen Wendelsäule, die etwa 5 theoretischen Böden entspricht, beschrieben. Es gelingt ohne weiteres, H, mit dem Molgewicht 2,027 (theor. 2,016), HD mit dem Molgewicht 3,030 (theor. 3,023) und D2 mit dem Molgewicht 3,998 (theor. 4,029) abzuscheiden. Abschließend wird eine Anordnung zur technischen D2-Gewinnung nach dem eingangs erörterten Verfahren angegeben. Dabei stellt sich heraus, daß eine Senkung des Energieverbrauchs auf etwa den 25. Teil durch den Tieftemperaturprozeß gegenüber der Elektrolyse möglich ist.
Eine Bestimmung der vertikalen Verteilung des atmosphärischen Ozons mit Hilfe von Mondfinsternissen
Authors: Paetzold Hans-Karl
Published: September 2019

Bei dem teilweise verfinsterten Mond wird die Helligkeitsverteilung in der Umgebung der Schattengrenze senkrecht zu dieser photographisch-photometrisch bestimmt und aus ihr auf die Verteilung des Ozons in der Stratosphäre geschlossen. Die Höhe des Maximums des Ozongehaltes ergibt sich auf diese Weise zu 22 km. Oberhalb des Maximums sinkt die Ozonkonzentration sehr rasch ab, so daß oberhalb von 45-50 km Höhe kein Ozon mehr feststellbar ist. Die Beobachtungen deuten ferner die Existenz einer schwach blau-absorbierenden Schicht an, die zwischen 200 und 100 km Höhe liegen muß.
Dichroismus gereckter Folien
Authors: Hanle W. , Scherer H.
Published: September 2019

Es wird die anisotrope Lichtabsorption gereckter und gefärbter Kolloidfolien im Ultravioletten untersucht und gezeigt, daß durch geeignet gewählte Farbstoffe in jedem gewünschten Spektralbereich Dichroismus erhalten werden kann.
Application of the Barrier Method to Semiconductor Spectrometers for Nuclear Radiation
Authors: Eichinger P. , Kallmann H.
Published: September 2019

High purity semiconductor crystals with low thermal genneration rate such as Si and Ge at 77 K have been operated as radiation spectrometer when sandwiched between two thin insulating barrier layers without any preparation besides etching. The working time of such devices is determined by the ratio of the charge on the capacitor formed by the semiconductor surface, the insulating layers and the metal contacts, to the total charge generation rate in the semiconductor volume (thermal generation and absorption of ionizing radiation). Typical working times of 10 h for Si and 1 h for Ge have been obtained with gamma energy resolution comparable to junction detectors. Periodical recharging of the detectors can be performed with light flashes in very short time so that the dead time of a spectrometer incorporating junctionless crystals is negligible. Operation without the presence of an external electric field is possible due to insulator interface charge trapping and was also performed, showing some advantages.
Determination of a High Barrier Hindering Internal Rotation from the Ground State Spectrum. The Methylbarrier of 1-Butyne
Authors: Bestmann G. , Dreizler H.
Published: September 2019

With 1-butyne a series of barrier determinations from rotational spectra in the torsional ground state of ethyl compounds was continued. The barrier is different to the value from an analysis of the rotational spectrum of the first torsional state.
Thiophosphonyl Radicals Photolytic Generation and Reactivity Towards Olefinic Compounds
Authors: Sumiyoshi T. , Weber W. , Schnabel W.
Published: September 2019

Upon irradiation with UV light (λ = 347 nm), 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine sulfide was found to be fragmented into free radicals by α-scission (F(k) = 0.3 ± 0.1):

Flash photolysis studies revealed that the optical absorption spectrum of diphenylthiophosphonyl radicals, S = P(Ph)2. possesses a strong band with λmax = 340 nm and a somewhat weaker band with λmax ≈ 500 nm (e340nm = 1.2 ± 0.2) · 104 1/mol cm).

The reactivity towards olefinic compounds, M, is 10 to 30 times lower than in the case of O = P(Ph)2 radicals. Typical bimolecular rate constants (in 1/mol s) of the reaction of S = P(Ph)2 with M are: 4 x 106 (styrene), 6.2 x 105 (methylacrylate), 4.2 x 104 (vinyl acetate).
Interrelation between Molecular Motions and Phase Transitions in Monomethylammonium Perchlorate. A Study by DSC, Proton, and Deuteron NMR
Authors: Jurga S. , Spiess H. W.
Published: September 2019

Differential scanning calorimetry, the temperature dependence of proton and deuteron lineshapes and spin-lattice relaxation times are reported for the isotopic species CH3NH3ClO4, CD3NH3ClO4 and CH3ND3ClO4 of monomethylammonium Perchlorate. The data confirmed the existence of three different phase modifications in monomethylammonium Perchlorate and its selectively deuterated analogues. In addition they were used to identify the molecular motions occurring in the respective phases and to determine their activation parameters. In the low temperature phase III, stable below 320 K. the CH3 and NH3 groups reorient about their threefold symmetry axes C3 with different frequencies. In the low-temperature range of this phase the deuteron quadrupole coupling constant indicates N - H ... O hydrogen bonds between the monomethylammonium and the Perchlorate ions. In the intermediate phase II, between 320 K and 451 K for CH3NH3ClO4 and CD3NH3ClO4 and 320 K and 437 K for CH3ND3ClO4 , the methylammonium ions reorient about an axis inclined at an angle of 18 degrees to the C3 axis. The analysis of the entropy changes, associated with the III- II transitions indicates that the ClO4
− ions have a large motional freedom in phase II, presumably because of breaking or weakening of N - H . . . O hydrogen bonds. In phase I the monomethylammonium ions undergo isotropic motion along with translational diffusion between different sites of the primitive cubic unit cell.
Effects of incorporation of silver and titanium nanoparticles on feldspathic ceramic toughness
Authors: Karthikeyan Vasudevan , Chander Naveen Gopi , Reddy Jetti Ramesh , Muthukumar Balasubramanium
Published: September 2019

Background. Porcelain is brittle and in many situations it requires replacement in fractured or chipped restorations. The prospects exist in improving the strength of feldspathic porcelain to widen its applications. This study evaluated the fracture toughness of feldspathic porcelain after incorporation of silver and titanium nanoparticles at varying concentrations (0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, 1.5 wt% and 2 wt%). Methods. Test specimen dimensions were standardized to ASTM C1421–16 standards and a three-point flexure test was carried out to evaluate fracture toughness. A total of 330 samples were fabricated and broadly divided into three groups. Group I (titanium nanoparticles) and group II (silver nanoparticles) were further subdivided into 5 groups (0 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, 1.5 wt% and 2 wt%) for fracture toughness analysis, with each group consisting of 30 samples. Group III contained the superior concentration of both titanium and silver nanoparticles. The fracture toughness (KIC) was calculated using indentation fracture method and microstructure observations were made using scanning electron microscopy. The KIC values were compared and evaluated using one-way ANOVA. Results. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD post hoc test multiple comparisons. The mean values of group I, group II and group III were 1.949 MPa.m1/2, 2.002 MPa.m1/2 and 1.330 MPa.m1/2 , respectively. Conclusion. The results revealed that the samples reinforced with titanium and silver nanoparticles showed significant increases in fracture toughness. The blending of superior concentration of both titanium and silver nanoparticles decreased fracture resistance.
Bail in Lithuania’s Criminal Law
Authors: Bagdžius Justinas
Published: September 2019

The article presents a historical analysis of the release from criminal liability on bail set forth in the Criminal Code of Republic of Lithuania, trying to understand the reasons of its establishment and formation in Lithuania’s Criminal Law. The origins of the surety for perpetrators are sought even in the early ages law of the state of Lithuania.
EQUAL TIME
Authors: Scebold C. Edward
Published: September 2019

No Abstract
MONTEVIDISCO
Authors: Gale Larrie E.
Published: September 2019

For years researchers and theoreticians have been arguing that real world experience is the only practical way to learn alanguage. But because many of us do not have the opportunity to live in another culture and be constantly, or even regularly, exposedto another language, apparently the only practical way that language instruction can take place for groups is in the traditional setting ofa classroom with the extensive use of printed materials supplemented by audio tapes. The promise of new technologies changes thislimited approach to language instruction. With the advent of videodiscs mated to microcomputers we suddenly have available verysophisticated ways of delivering instruction while simulating real world experiences.The following reports an attempt to teach Spanish to students at Brigham Young University using interactive videodisc bysimulating a visit to a Mexican village. In the process of describing this program called "Montevidisco," the problems encounteredwill be listed as well as their solutions. The design, production and computer program development will also be described along withthe results of the project and the interest spawned by "Montevidisco."
COMPUTERS AND COLLEGE COMPOSITION
Authors: Lofgreen Charlotte D.
Published: September 2019

This article provides information on how CAI can help college students in composition and also describes various CAIprograms being used or developed for and by college composition teachers.
ETHICS AND COMPUTERS
Authors: Hardin Paul C.
Published: September 2019

This paper deals with the need, the difficulty, and the present direction of determining what is and is not ethicalin dealing with the creation and exchange of materials to be used on computers. First the need is presented,based on the supposition that the majority of American industry utilizes computers. Next a definition of ethicsis given. Following the definition, specific problems confronted by computer users in determining what isethical are presented. Finally, several examples concerning the present trends in computer ethics are given,with a call for continued efforts for full protection under the law for computer hardware, software, andcourseware.
Boris And MENTOR
Authors: Tuman Walter Vladimir
Published: September 2019

This article gives a description of two different programs: (1) The Russian Language Tutor Program (RLTP - affectionately know as Boris) developed at Dartmouth College and used at Hollins College' (2) and MENTOR which is an authoring program that enables foreign language teachers with no previous computing experience to create their own lessons. RLTP was originally written in SBASIC for a Honeywell computer and now runs on a VAX 11/780. It is an interactive, bilingual program designed to teach general vocabulary and Russian inflection to college students in beginning and intermediate Russian classes. It is tied to a specific book, Russian for Everybody by V. G. Kostomarov. The FLTP output on the monitor is in transcription form. However, they have equipped one printer (a Decwriter II) with a SD 120 terminal controller card to permit it to output hardcopy in the Cyrillic alphabet. MENTOR was developed by Roland Sussex and his colleagues at the University of Melbourne, Australia, and is being tested at some selected colleges and universities in the U.S.
Investigation of Reaction of Some Ester Ethoxycarbonyl Hydrazones with 1-Adamantyl Amine
Authors: DOĞAN İnci Selin , SELLİTEPE Hasan Erdinç , KAHVECİ Bahittin
Published: September 2019

I

n this study, the reactions of the 1-adamantyl amine with 4 different ester ethoxycarbonyl hydrazone derivatives were

studied. At first, iminoester hydrochloride derivatives were synthesized according to the Pinner method. Then they

were reacted with ethyl carbazate to synthesize ester ethoxycarbonyl hydrazone derivative compounds. In the last step,

3-substituted-4-adamantyl-1,2,4-triazol-5-one derivatives were aimed to synthesize, the ester ethoxycarbonyl hydrazone

compounds were heated in an oil bath dry to dry with 1-adamantyl amine. It has been observed, however, that the ring is

not closed according to IR and ¹H-NMR analysis and the ethyl N-(adamantylcarbamoyl)alkylcarbohydrazonoate derivative

compounds were synthesized as stabile and original compounds. The structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods using IR, ¹H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectra and LC/MS analysis.
On submanifolds of Kenmotsu manifold with Torqued vector field
Authors: YOLDAŞ Halil İbrahim , Eken meriç Şemsi , YAŞAR Erol
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we consider the submanifold $M$ of a Kenmotsu manifold $\tilde M$ endowed with torqued vector field $\mathcal{T}$. Also, we study the submanifold $M$ admitting a Ricci soliton of both Kenmotsu manifold $\tilde M$ and Kenmotsu space form $\tilde M(c)$. Indeed, we provide some necessary conditions for which such a submanifold $M$ is an $\eta-$Einstein. We have presented some related results and classified. Finally, we obtain an important characterization which classifies the submanifold $M$ admitting a Ricci soliton of Kenmotsu space form $\tilde M(c)$.
Analysis of an epidemic model for transmitted diseases in a group of adults and an extension to two age classes
Authors: GÖLGELİ Meltem , ATAY Fatihcan M.
Published: September 2019

Infectious diseases are a serious problem for public health and spark the interest in interdisciplinary studies. In this paper, we present two mathematical models describing a possible scenario for infectious diseases. The first model considers the dynamics of the disease among adults and emphasizes the role of carriers in the SIR model and the second model assumes that the disease is transmitted to children by adults. We state the equilibria for each model and study the local stability of the equilibria. Furthermore, we perform simulations using a parameter set that explains the spread of a specific infectious disease (meningococcal disease) and interpret the possible cases of transmission via simulations.
The Self-government Constitutes an Essential Element of the Civil Security in Polish Political Thought after 1989
Authors:   Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Radomski Grzegorz
Published: September 2019

The article analyses the Polish political thought after 1989 concerning the local self-government. Attention was drawn to various currents of the Polish political thought, such as liberalism, conservatism, the teaching of the Church, social democracy or nationalism. Particular attention was paid to the role of the self-government in building civil society and to the forms of citizen participation. According to the main hypothesis, the activity of the local self-government is generally accepted. The self-government is an important element of political projects and is considered an important element of civil security and plays an important role in building the civil society. The thought of Charles Taylor “the atrophy of the self-government constitutes a danger for the stability of the liberal society and in the consequence for the freedom protected by it” suited undoubtedly the liberals and the representatives of other political trends
O GÊNERO DA "NOVA CIDADANIA": O PROGRAMA MULHERES DA PAZ
Authors: Sorj Bila , Gomes Carla
Published: September 2019

Resumo: Este artigo discute o novo paradigma de políticas sociais, nomeado de diferentes maneiras, como pós-Consenso de Washington, cidadão-consumidor ou investimento social e as formas que assume no contexto brasileiro. Toma-se como referência empírica o Programa Mulheres da Paz, do Rio de Janeiro, que visa a capacitar mulheres de comunidades pobres a "resgatar" jovens em situação de risco e criminalidade e a atuarem como lideranças locais. O artigo analisa a tensa convivência entre diferentes discursos e práticas que, ao mesmo tempo, mobilizam pressupostos maternalistas, associados à feminilidade e colocados a serviço dos objetivos do desenvolvimento e os novos conceitos de "cidadania ativa", que se baseiam na ideia de investir nos sujeitos como indivíduos e na promoção da autonomia e do autodesenvolvimento, o chamado empoderamento.
COM, CONTRA E PARA ALÉM DE CHARLES TILLY: MUDANÇAS TEÓRICAS NO ESTUDO DAS AÇÕES COLETIVAS E DOS MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS
Authors: Bringel Breno
Published: September 2019

Resumo: Apesar de sua prolífica obra e importantes contribuições para as ciências sociais, em particular para a sociologia e a história, e da recente reativação do debate sobre os movimentos sociais no Brasil, o diálogo sistemático com o autor Charles Tilly ainda é tênue no país. Este artigo oferece uma discussão crítica do seu legado no estudo das ações coletivas, de forma geral, e dos movimentos sociais, de maneira mais específica, a partir de uma tripla direção: primeiro, "com Tilly", resgatando suas contribuições teórico-metodológicas clássicas neste campo; segundo, "contra Tilly", discutindo tanto as principais críticas recebidas e controvérsias com outras teorias, escolas e autores, como a busca de respostas renovadas por parte do autor; e, finalmente, "para além de Tilly", assinalando alguns elementos centrais em sua trajetória coletiva e obra mais recente, para além dos quais é preciso avançar. No decorrer desse percurso histórico e teórico, o texto se engaja em uma discussão mais ampla sobre a reconfiguração das ações coletivas e dos movimentos sociais como campo de pesquisa na atualidade.
Nanoluciferase Assay in C. elegans v1
Authors: Troemel Emily , Sfarcic Ivana , B Theresa , C Daniels Erin
Published: September 2019

A highly sensitive Nanoluciferase (NanoLuc)-based method in multi-well format to detect constitutive and inducible gene expression in whole C. elegans. Worms have to be lysed for this end-point assay, no spatial resolution of expression can be detected with this protocol.
Use IPython to run bioconda tools in jupyter v4
Authors: J J. Ponsero Alise
Published: September 2019

Learn how to run shell commands directly in your jupyter notebook using IPython