bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis outcomes among Kenyan adolescent girls and young women with a novel pharmacy-based PrEP delivery platform: protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lagat Harison K. , Pintye Jillian , Harrington Elizabeth , Houck Samantha , Kwena Zachary , Lenn Meena , Mogaka Felix , Momanyi Vincent , Mugambi Melissa , Nyerere Bernard , Odoyo Josephine , Omollo Victor , Ortblad Katrina F. , Rota Greshon , Sharma Monisha , Bukusi Elizabeth A.
Published: June 2024

Background

In Kenya, 65% of sexually active unmarried women use modern contraceptives, a population at increased risk of HIV acquisition compared to other populations. Anchoring HIV prevention services, including pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), to trusted contraceptive delivery settings offers opportunities to efficiently reach this important population. In Kenya, almost half (40%) of women accessing contraception services do so outside traditional healthcare facilities, such as retail pharmacies. Thus, integrating PrEP services into retail pharmacies may increase options for reaching adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) who could benefit from PrEP. Efforts are underway to define care pathways for pharmacy-delivered PrEP services in Kenya, including unsupported and supported models with nurse navigators.

Methods

The AGYW Pharmacy PrEP study is an unblinded 2-arm cluster-randomized controlled trial in Kisumu, Kenya. The objective is to determine the effect that unsupported versus supported pharmacy-delivered PrEP services has on PrEP initiation, persistence, and adherence among AGYW seeking contraception. Twenty retail pharmacies offering pharmacy provider-led PrEP delivery will be randomized 1:1 to either receive or not receive a nurse navigator to support PrEP delivery. Eligible AGYW (n = 1900 total, n = 950/arm) will be ≥ 15 years old, purchasing a method of contraception at the pharmacy. Trained pharmacy provider will offer eligible AGYW either daily oral PrEP or the monthly DPV vaginal ring. The primary trial outcomes are PrEP initiation (use of PrEP at 1 month), persistence (use of PrEP at 10 months), and adherence (quantified by levels of TFV or DPV in hair samples). Additionally, several secondary (STI incidence, PrEP method selection, predictors of PrEP adherence) and exploratory outcomes (HIV incidence, quality of care, contraceptive method mix) will be explored.

Discussion

We hypothesize pharmacy-delivered PrEP services supported with nurse navigator, versus delivered by pharmacy providers alone, will improve PrEP outcomes among AGYW seeking contraception. Our results will help policy makers better understand how to potentially implement this novel differentiated service model for PrEP and prime pharmacies for the delivery of new PrEP agents in the pipeline (e.g., long-acting injectables and multi-purpose technologies). The study was initiated on May 13, 2023, and is expected to be completed by February 2025.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05467306), with registration on July 20, 2022.
Gastrointestinal parasitic infections: Prevalence and risk factors in West Ismailia, Arab Republic of Egypt
Authors: Ahmed Shahira Abdelaziz Ali , Mohamed Samar Farag , El-Mahallawy Heba Sayed , Quattrocchi Annalisa , Karanis Panagiotis
Published: June 2024

Background

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites (GIP) in the rural community of West Ismailia and its associated risk factors. Human infection by GIP is natural and expected. There are few records concerning parasitic infection in the rural areas of the Ismailia Governorate.

Methods

From 520 individuals, sociodemographic and risk factors information were retrieved. Fecal samples were collected, concentrated, and tested for GIP infection using a microscopic examination.

Results

The West Ismailia study population had a 40.4% prevalence of GIP infection, including single and concomitant parasite infections. The most common cause of GIP infection was protists (38%).Entamoebasp.,Blastocystissp., andG. duodenaliswere the most common parasites. Poly-parasitism was prevalent within the West Ismailia region. Age, abdominal symptoms, perianal itching, ownership of numerous animal species, exposure to turbid water, previous parasitic infection (PPI), and non-treatment reception of PPI were all considered significant factors associated with GIP infection. Specific individuals from the same family have been observed to have identical GIP.

Conclusion

GIP infection remains underestimated in rural areas. Periodic screening and treatment for GIP infection in children and public education on GIP hazards and prevention, focusing on personal hygiene, are recommended. Family members of affected individuals should be screened and treated for GIP.
Persistent hiccups after acute COVID-19 successfully treated with chlorpromazine: a case report
Authors: Bwalya Ireen Chanda
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Hiccups are among the rare complications of COVID-19 infections. There are several published reports of persistent hiccups presenting during the acute COVID-19 period. However, there are very few published reports of persistent hiccups occurring in the post-acute COVID-19 period. Consequently, most clinicians may not be aware of this rare presentation. This case highlights an atypical presentation of persistent hiccups that manifested during the post-acute COVID -19 period that clinicians need to be aware of. The caseadds to the ever increasing body of knowledge about symptoms and signs associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus type 2 (SARS CoV-2) infection.

Case presentation

A 27 year old male black Zambian patient presented to the emergency department of our hospital with persistent hiccup, 35 days after the initial acute episode of COVID-19. This was associated with breathlessness. There were no other symptoms. He had no history of pulmonary, gastrointestinal, neurological disease or malignancy. He did not take any alcohol or smoke. He had never used any recreational drugs. He was employed as a monitoring and evaluation officer at one of the main COVID centres in the capital. On examination, the patient was anxious. Blood pressure was 141/82, pulse rate was 95 beats per minute, respiratory rate was 26 breaths per minute, temperature was 36.8C and oxygen saturation was 97% on room air. Systemic examination was normal. Chest X-ray and abdominal ultrasonography were normal. A rapid COVID-19 antigen test, and COVID-19 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test that were done the following day were negative. All other haematological and biochemical tests, including D-dimer and C-reactive protein (CRP), were also normal. A diagnosis of post-acute COVID-19 associated hiccups was made. The patient responded well to treatment with chlorpromazine 25 mg 8 hourly. The hiccups disappeared completely after the fourth dose of chlorpromazine.

Conclusion

This is one of the few published cases of COVID-19 associated persistent hiccups, occurring more than a month after the initial presentation. Most of the published cases report hiccups occurring in the acute COVID-19 period. Consequently, hiccups occurring in the post-acute COVID-19 period may not be attributable to COVID-19. This case has highlighted the need to consider post-acute COVID-19 in the differential diagnosis of persistent hiccup.
Digital ischemic necrosis in a patient with systematic lupus erythematosus patient after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection: a case report
Authors: Wen Jia-Hao , Zheng Kai , Ren Hua-Liang , Zhang Wang-De , Li Chun-Min
Published: June 2024

Background

Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 have a high incidence of thrombosis that decreases after recovery. When coronavirus disease 2019 is accompanied by diseases prone to thrombosis, risk of post-infection thrombotic events may increase.

Case presentation

We report a case of digital ischemic gangrene in a 24-year-old Chinese female with systemic lupus erythematosus after recovery from coronavirus disease 2019. The pathogenesis was related to clinical characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus, hypercoagulability caused by coronavirus disease 2019, and second-hit due to viral infection.

Conclusion

Patients with autoimmune diseases should remain alert to autoimmune system disorders induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and other viruses. Treatment for these patients should be strictly standardized, and appropriate anticoagulation methods should be selected to prevent thrombosis.
Comparative policy analysis of national rare disease funding policies in Australia, Singapore, South Korea, the United Kingdom and the United States: a scoping review
Authors: Ng Qin Xiang , Ong Clarence , Chan Kai En , Ong Timothy Sheng Khai , Lim Isabelle Jia Xuan , Tang Ansel Shao Pin , Chan Hwei Wuen , Koh Gerald Choon Huat
Published: June 2024

Background

Rare diseases pose immense challenges for healthcare systems due to their low prevalence, associated disabilities, and attendant treatment costs. Advancements in gene therapy, such as treatments for Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), have introduced novel therapeutic options, but the high costs, exemplified by Zolgensma® at US$2.1 million, present significant financial barriers. This scoping review aimed to compare the funding approaches for rare disease treatments across high-performing health systems in Australia, Singapore, South Korea, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States (US), aiming to identify best practices and areas for future research.

Methods

In accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines and the methodological framework by Arksey and O’Malley and ensuing recommendations, a comprehensive search of electronic databases (Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane) and grey literature from health department websites and leading national organizations dedicated to rare diseases in these countries was conducted. Countries selected for comparison were high-income countries with advanced economies and high-performing health systems: Australia, Singapore, South Korea, the UK, and the US. The inclusion criteria focused on studies detailing drug approval processes, reimbursement decisions and funding mechanisms, and published from 2010 to 2024.

Results

Based on a thorough review of 18 published papers and grey literature, various strategies are employed by countries to balance budgetary constraints and access to rare disease treatments. Australia utilizes the Life Saving Drugs Program and risk-sharing agreements. Singapore depends on the Rare Disease Fund, which matches public donations. South Korea’s National Health Insurance Service covers specific orphan drugs through risk-sharing agreements. The UK relies on the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) to evaluate treatments for cost-effectiveness, supported by the Innovative Medicines Fund. In the US, a combination of federal and state programs, private insurance and non-profit support is used.

Conclusion

Outcome-based risk-sharing agreements present a practical solution for managing the financial strain of costly treatments. These agreements tie payment to actual treatment efficacy, thereby distributing financial risk and promoting ongoing data collection. Countries should consider adopting and expanding these agreements to balance immediate expenses with long-term benefits, ultimately ensuring equitable access to crucial treatments for patients afflicted by rare diseases.
Blow-up of solutions for a system of nonlocal singular viscoelastic equations with sources and distributed delay terms
Authors: Choucha Abdelbaki , Shahrouzi Mohammad , Jan Rashid , Boulaaras Salah
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we investigate a scenario concerning a coupled nonlocal singular viscoelastic equation with sources and distributed delay terms. By establishing suitable conditions, we have proved that a finite-time blow-up occurs in the solution.
Cardio-nephrotoxicity mediated by Echis ocellatus venom and its amelioration through kaempferol’s suppressive effect on oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis expression
Authors: Ajisebiola Babafemi Siji , Durodola Boluwatifemi Peace , Mustapha Abdur-Rahman Kolawole , Oladele Johnson Olaleye , Adeyi Akindele Oluwatosin
Published: June 2024

Background

Echis ocellatus venom toxins have the ability to impact multiple organ systems subsequent to envenomation. Kaempferol have been reported to have several therapeutic benefits. In this study, the therapeutic value of kaempferol was investigated in relation to the cardio-nephrotoxicity in rats resulting from E. ocellatus envenoming.

Methods

Fifty male wistar rats were allotted unbiased into five groups (n = 10) for this study. Group 1 was the control, while rats in groups 2 to 5 were envenomed with LD50 of E. ocellatus venom (0.22 mg/kg bw; i.p.). Group 2 was not treated after envenomation while groups 3, 4 and 5 were treated with polyvalent antivenom, 4 and 8 mg/kg of kaempferol, respectively.

Results

E. ocellatus envenomation caused considerable reduction in organ weight and relative organ weight in the envenomed untreated rats. The venom induced intense oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptotic damage to the cardiac and renal tissues accompanied with severe histomorphology in the organ tissues of untreated envenomed rats. In contrast, kaempferol treatment post-envenomation attenuated the venom-induced cardio-nephrotoxic responses in a dose dependent effect. Kaempferol substantially (p < 0.05) decreased malondialdehyde levels while enhancing reduced glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the heart and kidney of envenomed treated rats. Treatment of envenomed rats with kaempferol successfully decreased nitric oxide levels and myeloperoxidase activity. Overexpression of apoptotic caspase 3 and caspase 9 in cardiac and renal tissues were suppressed by kaempferol (p < 0.05). The histopathological result supports kaempferol’s ameliorative ability by convalescing the severe morphological alterations of cardiac and renal tissues induced by the venom.

Conclusion

Findings elucidate the significance of kaempferol as promising agent in the management of cardio-nephrotoxicity resulting from snakebite envenoming.
Patient and public involvement and engagement in the development of innovative patient-centric early phase dose-finding trial designs
Authors: Alger Emily , Van Zyl Mary , Aiyegbusi Olalekan Lee , Chuter Dave , Dean Lizzie , Minchom Anna , Yap Christina
Published: June 2024

Background

In light of the FDA’s Project Optimus initiative, there is fresh interest in leveraging Patient-reported Outcome (PRO) data to enhance the assessment of tolerability for investigational therapies within early phase dose-finding oncology trials. Typically, dose escalation in most trial designs is solely reliant on clinician assessed adverse events. Research has shown a disparity between patients and clinicians when assessing whether an investigational therapy is tolerable, leading to the recommendation of potentially intolerable doses for further investigation in subsequent trials.

It is also increasingly recognized that patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) plays a pivotal role in enriching trial design and conduct. However, to our knowledge, no PPIE has explored the optimal integration of PROs in the development of advanced statistical trial designs within early phase dose-finding oncology trials.

Methods

A virtual PPIE session was held with nine participants on 18th October 2023 to discuss the incorporation of PROs within a dose-finding trial design. This cross disciplinary session was developed and led by a team of statisticians, clinical specialists, qualitative experts, and trial methodologists. Following the session, in-depth perspectives were provided by two patient advocates who actively engaged in the PPIE session. We discuss the importance of PPIE in shaping advanced dose-finding trial designs, share insights from patients on integrating PROs to inform treatment tolerability, and present a template for meaningful patient involvement in trial design development.

Results

Participants generally supported the introduction of PROs within dose-finding trials but showed some apprehensiveness as to how PROs may reduce the size of the recommended dose (and potentially efficacious effect). Some participants shared that they may be reluctant to record the real severity of their symptoms via PROs if it would mean that they would have to discontinue treatment. They discussed that PROs could be used to assess tolerability rather than toxicity of a dose.

Conclusions

Amplifying patient voice in the development of patient-centric dose-finding trial designs is now essential. This paper offers an exemplary illustration of how trialists and methodologists can effectively incorporate patient voice in the future development of advanced dose-finding trial designs.
Impact of reconstruction parameters on the accuracy of myocardial extracellular volume quantification on a first-generation, photon-counting detector CT
Authors: Gnasso Chiara , Pinos Daniel , Schoepf U. Joseph , Vecsey-Nagy Milan , Aquino Gilberto J. , Fink Nicola , Zsarnoczay Emese , Holtackers Robert J. , Stock Jonathan , Suranyi Pal , Varga-Szemes Akos , Emrich Tilman
Published: June 2024

Background

The potential role of cardiac computed tomography (CT) has increasingly been demonstrated for the assessment of diffuse myocardial fibrosis through the quantification of extracellular volume (ECV). Photon-counting detector (PCD)-CT technology may deliver more accurate ECV quantification compared to energy-integrating detector CT. We evaluated the impact of reconstruction settings on the accuracy of ECV quantification using PCD-CT, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based ECV as reference.

Methods

In this post hoc analysis, 27 patients (aged 53.1 ± 17.2 years (mean ± standard deviation); 14 women) underwent same-day cardiac PCD-CT and MRI. Late iodine CT scans were reconstructed with different quantum iterative reconstruction levels (QIR 1−4), slice thicknesses (0.4−8 mm), and virtual monoenergetic imaging levels (VMI, 40−90 keV); ECV was quantified for each reconstruction setting. Repeated measures ANOVA and t-test for pairwise comparisons, Bland–Altman plots, and Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) were used.

Results

ECV values did not differ significantly among QIR levels (p = 1.000). A significant difference was observed throughout different slice thicknesses, with 0.4 mm yielding the highest agreement with MRI-based ECV (CCC = 0.944); 45-keV VMI reconstructions showed the lowest mean bias (0.6, 95% confidence interval 0.1–1.4) compared to MRI. Using the most optimal reconstruction settings (QIR4. slice thickness 0.4 mm, VMI 45 keV), a 63% reduction in mean bias and a 6% increase in concordance with MRI-based ECV were achieved compared to standard settings (QIR3, slice thickness 1.5 mm; VMI 65 keV).

Conclusions

The selection of appropriate reconstruction parameters improved the agreement between PCD-CT and MRI-based ECV.

Relevance statement

Tailoring PCD-CT reconstruction parameters optimizes ECV quantification compared to MRI, potentially improving its clinical utility.

Key points

• CT is increasingly promising for myocardial tissue characterization, assessing focal and diffuse fibrosis via late iodine enhancement and ECV quantification, respectively.

• PCD-CT offers superior performance over conventional CT, potentially improving ECV quantification and its agreement with MRI-based ECV.

• Tailoring PCD-CT reconstruction parameters optimizes ECV quantification compared to MRI, potentially improving its clinical utility.

Graphical Abstract
Unconfined compressive strength prediction of rock materials based on machine learning
Authors: Niu Lihong , Cui Qiang , Luo Jiangyun , Huang Hongbing , Zhang Jing
Published: June 2024

It is costly, time-consuming, and difficult to measure unconfined compressive strength (UCS) using typical laboratory procedures, particularly when dealing with weak, extremely porous, and fractured rock. By efficiently choosing the variables from a subset of the dataset that includes the Schmidt hammer rebound number (SRn), bulk density (BD), bulk tensile strength (BTS), dry density (DD) test, p-wave velocity test (Vp), and point load index test (Is(50)), this study seeks to establish predictive models for the UCS of rocks. A prediction model for UCS was prepared using K-nearest neighbor (KNN). KNN was preferred over machine learning algorithms because it is simple, versatile, and interpretable. It is particularly useful when it has limited training time, faces non-parametric data with changing distributions, or requires straightforward explanations for predictions. In order to improve KNN’s prediction performance in this research, two optimization procedures (namely, Alibaba and the Forty Thieves (AFT) and Improved Manta-Ray Foraging Optimizer (IMRFO)) were used. Through comparison of KNN single modal performance with that of optimized versions, it is concluded that the KNIM (KNN model optimized with IMRFO) is an excellent possible applicant for the forecast of the UCS of rocks. This study’s results showed that the KNIM model is more suitable than the KNN single model and its counterpart KNAF in terms of accuracy as its correlation of determination (R2) values were 1.1% and 2% higher than KNN and KNAF and its root mean squared error (RMSE) values were 37.9% and 43.7% lower than KNN and KNAF. The improvement in R2 and RMSE values for the KNIM model compared to KNN and KNAF is highly significant for the reliability and accuracy of the predictive model. R2, measuring the proportion of variance predictable in the dependent variable (UCS of rocks) from the independent variables (model predictions), signifies a better fit to observed data. The elevated R2 values for KNIM indicate a stronger correlation with actual UCS values, enhancing the model’s accuracy in representing underlying patterns. Additionally, the reduction in RMSE values for KNIM implies that its predictions are, on average, closer to actual UCS values, contributing to a more accurate and reliable estimation of rock strength.
Firehose instability in heat-conducting solar wind plasmas including FLR corrections and electrical resistivity
Authors: Prajapati Ram Prasad
Published: June 2024

The effects of finite Larmor radius (FLR) corrections and heat-flux vector are studied on the pressure anisotropy-driven firehose instability in finitely conducting solar wind plasmas described by the double-adiabatic Chew, Goldberger and Low (CGL) fluid theory. The fluid description of collisionless plasmas is governed through modified adiabatic equations due to the heat-flux vector and finite ion Larmor radius corrections. The analytical dispersion relation of the firehose instability has been derived using the normal mode analysis and discussed in the solar wind plasmas. In the transverse mode, the dispersion relation of the Alfvénic mode is modified due to electrical resistivity and FLR corrections. In the longitudinal mode, the effects of the heat-flux parameter and electrical resistivity are observed separately. The dispersion relation of the firehose mode is modified due to the combined effects of FLR corrections and electrical resistivity. The graphical illustrations show that finite electrical resistivity and ion Larmor frequency destabilize the growth rate of the firehose instability. The results are useful for analyzing the solar mission data to study the firehose instability in the solar wind plasmas.
Unlocking the potential of SY-stem cells
Authors: Furlanetto Federica , Frank Sarah , Karow Marisa
Published: June 2024

The sixth SY-Stem Symposium, jointly organized by the Research Institute of Molecular Pathology and the Institute of Molecular Biotechnology took place in Vienna in March 2024. Again, aspiring new group leaders were given a stage to present their work and vision of their labs. To round up the excellent program, the scientific organizers included renowned keynote speakers. Here, we provide a summary of the talks covering topics such as early embryogenesis, nervous system development and disease, regeneration and the latest technologies.
To Revise or Not Revise? Isolated Margin Positivity in Localized Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Elshami Mohamedraed , Wu Victoria S. , Stitzel Henry J. , Hue Jonathan J. , Loftus Alexander W. , Kyasaram Ravi K. , Shanahan John , Ammori John B. , Hardacre Jeffrey M. , Ocuin Lee M.
Published: June 2024

Background

The study determined the proportion of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) who had margin-positive disease and no other adverse pathologic findings (APF) using institutional and administrative datasets.

Methods

Patients with clinical stage I or II PDAC in the National Cancer Database (NCDB 2010–2020) and those who underwent pancreatectomy at the authors’ institution (2010–2021) were identified. Isolated margin positivity (IMP) was defined as a positive surgical margin with no APF (negative nodes, no lymphovascular/perineural invasion).

Results

The study included 225 patients from the authors’ institution and 23,598 patients from the NCDB. The margin-positive rates were 21.8% and 20.3%, and the IMP rates were 0.4% and 0.5%, respectively. In the institutional cohort, 68.4% of the patients had recurrence, and most of the patients (65.6%) had distant recurrences. The median recurrence-free survival (RFS) was 63.3 months for no APF, not reached for IMP, 14.8 months for negative margins & 1 APF, 20.3 months for positive margins & 2 APFs, and 12.9 months with all APF positive. The patients in the NCDB with IMP had a lower median OS than the patients with no APF (20.5 vs 390 months), but a higher median OS than those with margin positivity plus 1 APF (20.5 vs 18.0 months) or all those with APF positivity (20.5 vs 15.4 months). Based on institutional rates of IMP, any margin positivity, neck margin positivity (NMP), and no APF, the fraction of patients who might benefit from neck margin revision was 1 in 100,000, and those likely to benefit from any margin revision was 1 in 18,500. In the NCDB, those estimated to derive potential benefit from margin revision was 1 in 25,000.

Conclusions

Isolated margin positivity in resected PDAC is rare, and most patients experience distant recurrence. Revision of IMP appears unlikely to confer benefit to most patients.
New records of introduced species in the Mediterranean Sea (2024)
Authors: COLLECTIVE A
Published: June 2024

New records of introduced species in the Mediterranean Sea (2024)
Epidemiological characteristics and hospital outcomes of hospitalized Lassa fever cases during the 2022-2023 outbreak in Liberia
Authors: Dwalu Emmanuel , Tweya Hannock , Beglaryan Mher , Umeokonkwo Chukwuma D. , Jetoh Raph W. , Shobayo Bode I. , Tarweh Fahn , Owiti Philip , Relan Pryanka , Hassan Shermarke , Goteh George W. , Lehyen Darius B. , Ako-Egbe Louis , Kamara Ibrahim Franklyn , Akpan Godwin E. , Adewuyi Peter , Kpanyen Patrick N. , Vonhm Benjamin T. , Gilayeneh Julius S. M.
Published: June 2024

Background Lassa fever is an endemic and immediately notifiable disease in Liberia, and one laboratory confirmed case constitutes an outbreak. We described the epidemiological characteristics and hospital outcome of Lassa fever cases hospitalized during the 2022-2023 outbreak in Liberia. Methods A cohort study was conducted using routine Lassa fever surveillance data from the 2022-2023 outbreak in Liberia. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data and log binomial regression to assess the association between epidemiological characteristics and mortality. Results A total of 439 suspected Lassa fever cases were reported. The median age was 22 (interquartile range: 10-33) years and 233 (53%) were women. The median number of days between symptom onset and admission was 4 (IQR 2-7). Of the 439 cases, 416 (95%) were tested for Lassa fever and 138 were confirmed with 33% positivity rate. The majority, 290 (69%), of confirmed cases were <30 years, 78 (57%) were females, and 81 (59%) were reported during the dry season (October – March). Contact with rodents, 94 (68%), was the commonest mode of exposure. Fever, 128 (93%), malaise, 121 (88%), headache, 114 (83%) and myalgia, 114 (83%) were the most common clinical characteristics. There were 83 (19%) deaths among hospitalized suspected Lassa fever cases - 42 deaths (15%) among 278 individuals who tested negative and 41 among confirmed cases with 30% case fatality rate (CFR). The highest CFR was recorded among those aged 40-49 years, 8 (67%) and those aged≥50, 5 (63%). There was no significant association between epidemiological characteristics and Lassa fever mortality. Conclusions The outbreak highlighted a high disease burden of Lassa fever with young adults disproportionately infected, and substantial mortality, even among those who tested negative for the virus. This underscores the urgent need for preventive measures like vaccines and health education campaigns.
Experimental insights on biofouling growth in marine renewable structures
Authors: Vinagre Pedro Almeida , Fonseca Gonçalo , Vieira Mário
Published: June 2024

Background Marine biofouling is a threat to industries working in the marine environment, representing significant costs associated with equipment impairment and loss of performance. In the Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) and other maritime sectors which operate at sea for long periods, an important aspect of biofouling is related to the type and frequency of inspections and biofouling removal procedures. Methods This study investigated important parameters of macrofouling (e.g. composition, including the presence of non-indigenous species, thickness, and weight) from communities growing on samples that emulate tubular components of marine renewable devices. The trials were performed during short periods of submersion (one to eight weeks) in the seasons when the colonisation process should be most intensive (spring, summer, and autumn). Furthermore, the frictional resistance forces generated during the scraping of biofouling from those components were investigated. Results Overall, results provide insights on the growth rates and removal requirements of biofouling in marine components. The results show that, while biofouling growth in early colonization stages might not present great detrimental effects to wave energy components, the consequent marine corrosion (fostered by biofouling) and the settlement of non-indigenous species (NIS) should be factors of concern. Conclusions Performing biofouling-related maintenance activities after the peak of maximum growth and reproduction (during the warmer seasons in temperate to cold environments) is suggested to reduce the number and frequency of activities. NIS can be detected at very early stages in the colonization process, highlighting the importance of biofouling monitoring and the implementation of biosecurity risk assessment plans early in the operational stage of MRE projects.
The OPEVA Manifest: OPtimisation of Electrical Vehicle Autonomy, a Research and Innovation project
Authors: Kanak Alper , Ergün Salih , Arif Ibrahim , Ergün S. Halit , Bektaş Cengiz , Atalay Ali Serdar , Herkiloğlu Oguzhan , Defossez Dominique , Yazıcı Ahmet , Ferreira Luis Lino , Strelec Martin , Kubicek Karel , Cech Martin , Davoli Luka , Belli Laura , Ferrari Gianluigi , Bayar Dilara , Kafalı Ali , Karamavuş Yunus , Sofu Asaf Mustafa , Hartavi Karcı Ahu Ece , Constant Patrick
Published: June 2024

Electromobility is a critical component of Europe’s strategy to create a more sustainable society and support the European Green Transition while enhancing quality of life. Electrification also plays an important role in securing Europe’s position in the growing market of electric and autonomous vehicles (EAV). The EU-funded OPEVA project aims to take a big step towards deployment of sustainable electric vehicles by means of optimising their support in an ecosystem. Specifically, the project focuses on analysing and designing optimisation architecture, reducing battery charging time, and developing infrastructure, as well as reporting on the driver-oriented human factors. Overall, OPEVA’s goal is to enhance EAV market penetration and adoption, making them more accessible and convenient. The aim of this paper is to inform the European automotive, transportation, energy and mobility community be presenting the OPEVA manifestation, and the overall solution strategy solidified through the progress throughout the first year of the project.
Aversion to Hiring Algorithms: Transparency, Gender Profiling, and Self-Confidence
Authors: Dargnies Marie-Pierre , Hakimov Rustamdjan , Kübler Dorothea
Published: June 2024

We run an online experiment to study the origins of algorithm aversion. Participants are in the role of either workers or managers. Workers perform three real-effort tasks: task 1, task 2, and the job task, which is a combination of tasks 1 and 2. They choose whether the hiring decision between themselves and another worker is made by a participant in the role of a manager or by an algorithm. In a second set of experiments, managers choose whether they want to delegate their hiring decisions to the algorithm. When the algorithm does not use workers’ gender to predict their job-task performance and workers know this, they choose the algorithm more often than in the baseline treatment where gender is employed. Feedback to the managers about their performance in hiring the best workers increases their preference for the algorithm relative to the baseline without feedback, because managers are, on average, overconfident. Finally, providing details on how the algorithm works does not increase the preference for the algorithm for workers or for managers.

This paper was accepted by Elena Katok, special issue on the human-algorithm connection.

Funding: D. Kübler acknowledges financial support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [CRC TRR 190], R. Hakimov acknowledges financial support from the Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung [Project 100018_189152], and M.-P. Dargnies acknowledges financial support from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR JCJC TrustSciTruths).

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.02774 .
Predictability in anterior aesthetic implants: assessment, planning and execution
Authors: Campbell Colin , Hare Katherine
Published: June 2024

Implant placement in the anterior maxilla has been shown to have success rates comparable to posteriorly placed implants. However, the aesthetic outcome of these implants is, unsurprisingly, of much greater importance to patients, and can provide a significant clinical challenge. Predictable outcomes are undoubtedly harder to achieve and sustain, and greater consideration must be given to the precision of implant positioning and restoration in order to achieve clinical and aesthetic success. This article discusses the many factors affecting aesthetic implant predictability, from assessment and planning, through to materials, execution and restoration, with a focus on timings and early (Type II) placement.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: For the majority of clinicians, Type II methodology for anterior implants is the more appropriate choice and gives predictable and stable outcomes.
Bariatric dentistry: a review and clinical recommendations
Authors: Alasere Yhya , Abed Hassan , Alqarni Ali , Alshammari Abdullah , Aloufi Abdullah
Published: June 2024

Obesity is considered a major medical issue owing to its effects on general health and the different body systems. Obesity also affects oral health and can make it challenging for the dentist to treat the patient in general dental practice. This review covers the definitions, general and dental diseases that bariatric patients may experience, and pain management from the dentist's perspective.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article provides clinical tips for best managing overweight and obese patients.
Las cunas de abrazos en la elaboración del duelo perinatal. Una revisión bibliográfica
Authors: Martínez-Ruiz Maria Esperanza , Martínez-Mollá Teresa María
Published: June 2024

Introducción. El acompañamiento al duelo tras una muerte perinatal ha experimentado importantes cambios durante la última década, destacando la atención en el momento del nacimiento del hijo y su despedida. Para facilitar la despedida es importante el contacto post mortem, que se ve favorecido por las cunas de abrazos, ya que al disminuir los signos de deterioro proporcionan tiempo a las familias. Objetivo. Realizar una revisión de la evidencia científica de los últimos años acerca del uso de las cunas de abrazos y su contribución en la elaboración del duelo perinatal. Metodología. Revisión bibliográfica en las principales bases de datos, donde se obtienen ocho artículos que se analizan y cuatro se incluyen en el estudio. Resultados. Los estudios incluidos, examinan la experiencia de profesionales sanitarios y familias respecto al uso de las cunas de abrazos. Estas son percibidas como positivas, mantienen el cuerpo en buenas condiciones y ofrecen tiempo para el duelo, el desarrollo del vínculo y de la unidad familiar. Conclusión. Hay pocos estudios que analicen el uso de cunas de abrazos, por lo que se estima que son necesarias más investigaciones. Su uso se percibe como beneficioso por profesionales y familias. Son necesarios protocolos sobre el uso de estos sistemas, así como una formación de los profesionales sanitarios que utilicen las cunas para que sepan acompañar y comprender el proceso de duelo perinatal. Recomendamos su implantación.
Una mirada ecosistémica sobre el proceso de duelo perinatal en varones
Authors: De Lima Pinasco Fátima Esther , Farías Rodríguez María Carolina
Published: June 2024

La muerte perinatal se encuentra enmarcada dentro de un contexto social donde no es reconocida explícitamente como «la muerte de un bebé». La pérdida perinatal es una realidad muy frecuente y de alto impacto para la familia. Sin embargo, es un duelo que se vive en mucha soledad. La teoría ecosistémica con su perspectiva ecológica entiende que el desarrollo humano está influenciado por las relaciones con su entorno. La psicología perinatal, vista desde un enfoque ecosistémico, permite una mirada amplia y flexible. En este sentido, hay una falta de empatía sobre el dolor que atraviesa el varón-padre sobre la muerte de su hijo/a que puede conducirlos a una impotencia y una sensación de marginación ante su vivencia. Dentro de la cultura patriarcal, el concepto de paternidad está asociado por la capacidad del varón para embarazar y en su capacidad de ser proveedor económico. La identidad de los varones aún está vinculada en la construcción de la masculinidad que está en contraposición a la reproducción. Frente a la pérdida, el varón interpreta el rol de apoyar a la mujer, generando limitaciones en poder expresar su propio malestar. Estos aprenden a identificarse con la razón y hacen un corte abrupto de la experiencia corporal y emocional. Esta forma de vivir el duelo, no les permite transitar la pérdida, evitando conectar con su propia sensibilidad, lo que retroalimenta el paradigma.
Improving metrology with quantum scrambling in a spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate coupled to a cavity
Authors: Zheng Renfei , Qin Jieli , Chen Bing , Yu Zhifei , Zhou Lu
Published: June 2024

Spinor Bose-Einstein condensate is an ideal candidate for implementing the many-body entanglement, quantum measurement and quantum information processing owing to its inherent spin-mixing dynamics. Here we present a system of an 87Rb atomic spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate coupled to an optical ring cavity, in which cavity-mediated nonlinear interactions give rise to saddle points in the semiclassical phase space, providing a general mechanism for exponential fast scrambling and metrological gain augment. We theoretically study metrological gain and fidelity out-of-time-ordered correlator based on time-reversal protocols and demonstrate that exponential rapid scrambling dynamics can enhance quantum metrology. In addition, we use the out-of-time-ordered correlator to probe dynamical phase transitions. This work is useful to understand the intrinsic relation between the concepts from different subfields of quantum science.
Toponímia e gênero na nomeação de escolas em Palmas, Tocantins, Brasil
Authors: Pereira Naelana Rodrigues , Andrade Karylleila dos Santos , Castiglioni Ana Claudia
Published: June 2024

Os nomes de lugares são pontos importantes de referência para entender a língua, cultura, política e outros fatores sociais dos povos ao longo da história. Neste estudo qualitativo, bibliográfico e documental, investigamos os topônimos femininos que nomeiam escolas em Palmas, capital do estado brasileiro do Tocantins, e as condições políticas, socioculturais e de gênero que favoreceram essas designações. Adotamos o método indutivo onomasiológico de Dick (1990) e nos baseamos em contribuições teóricas e metodológicas dos estudos toponímicos de Dick (2002, 2006), Seabra (2006), Nader (2007), Andrade (2010) e Araújo (2013). Para a conceitualização e discussão de gênero, utilizamos a pesquisa de Scott (1995). Dentre um corpus de 80 unidades educacionais, foram identificados 21 topônimos que fazem referência a nomes de mulheres. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a nomeação de escolas com nomes femininos pode ser uma forma relevante de promover a equidade de gênero, diversidade cultural e inclusão social na toponímia da capital tocantinense.
Um estudo sobre práticas linguísticas LGBTTQIAPN+ em Libras
Authors: Silva Letícia Regiane da , Stumpf Marianne Rossi , Luchi Marcos
Published: June 2024

Este artigo aborda a interconexão entre as Comunidades Surdas e o ativismo LGBTTQIAPN+ em plataformas digitais, centrando-se na análise de vídeos em Libras presentes no YouTube e Instagram. Examinamos o papel das redes sociais na propagação de informações e na expansão do vocabulário da Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras), com um foco específico na visibilidade das comunidades LGBTTQIAPN+ no Instagram e no YouTube. A análise se concentra na observação de vídeos e transmissões ao vivo como formas de práticas linguísticas. Por meio de métodos de análise de conteúdo, o estudo visa investigar como o termo “bissexual” é representado em Libras, buscando identificar variações e sua relação com a concepção binária de gênero. A pesquisa pode contribuir para um corpus acadêmico ao oferecer uma base documental para estudos mais amplos sobre a interseção das identidades surdas e LGBTTQIAPN+, enfatizando a importância de uma abordagem sensível e colaborativa entre a academia e as comunidades de prática.
liberdade na sociedade do conhecimento
Authors: Figueiredo Tiago Dziekaniak , Rodrigues Maria de Fátima Baldez
Published: June 2024

O relato apresenta as atividades desenvolvidas no âmbito do Projeto “A liberdade na sociedade do conhecimento: qual o meu lugar?”, contemplado na Chamada CNPQ/MCTI/FNDCT n. 05/2022 – SNCT 2022 – Linha B. A ação, vinculada ao Grupo de Pesquisa Tangram, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), visava à realização de atividades pedagógicas envolvendo comunidades escolares de três cidades do extremo sul do Brasil. Alguns participantes fizeram passeios de vagonetas pelos Molhes da Barra de Rio Grande, outros conheceram o Complexo de Museus da FURG, e todos participaram de visitas guiadas ao campus Carreiros da FURG. Em todas as atividades eram propostas intervenções para a promoção da reflexão, seja sobre questões voltadas ao pertencimento, à importância, à evolução e à valorização das tecnologias. Ao todo foram contemplados 300 participantes entre professores e estudantes de escolas das redes públicas municipal e estadual das cidades de Rio Grande, São José do Norte e Santa Vitória do Palmar, sendo possível constituir um espaço de reflexão por meio da criação de uma rede colaborativa entre universidade-escola-comunidade da região.
Oficina sobre plantas medicinais e condimentos para profissionais de saúde e acadêmicos no município de Coxim, Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Peixoto Lucas Silva , Borges João Paulo Assunção , Santana Clistiane Santos , Oliveira Daniel Emanuel Cabral de
Published: June 2024

As doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis estão relacionadas ao estilo de vida e são um importante componente da transição epidemiológica, que está correlacionada à transição demográfica verificada no perfil populacional. Com vistas a alcançar a atenção integral à saúde, o Ministério da Saúde recomenda o uso das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em Saúde (PICS) nos serviços das Redes de Atenção. Objetivou-se relatar as experiências de um programa de formação em PICS, com oficinas sobre plantas medicinais e condimentos para profissionais de saúde do município de Coxim, Mato Grosso do Sul e acadêmicos de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior. O programa foi planejado por meio de reuniões de alinhamento entre os proponentes da ação, e o conteúdo foi embasado nas Políticas Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares, Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos, Alimentação e Nutrição. Em seguida, houve a divulgação e a abertura de inscrições para o público de interesse. Houve a participação direta de 21 participantes. Dentre eles, a maioria relatou não ter tido contato prévio com essa temática durante sua formação acadêmica. As oficinas contaram com componente teórico-prático, sendo apresentadas e demonstradas as aplicabilidades nas unidades de saúde. Ações de extensão como esta são de suma importância para promoção de saúde, adoção de hábitos saudáveis e valorização dos saberes populares.
Comparison of bone tacks and sutures in free gingival graft procedures a clinical study
Authors: Tabassum Shadaan , Goud Vallabhdas , Sushma Bolla , Chandra Rampalli , Naveen Anumala
Published: June 2024

Objective The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of bone tacks and sutures in free gingival graft FGG stabilization during gingival augmentation procedures. Materials and Methods Twelve subjects participated in this study. One site in each subject was randomly assigned into each of the following experimental groups. In the test group, the FGG was stabilized with bone tacks whereas FGG procedure with conventional sutures was performed in the control group. Clinical parameters assessed were the width of keratinized gingiva and plaque index PI scores at baseline 1 month and 3 months. Surface shrinkage SS was recorded at 15 days 1 month and 3 months. Early wound healing score EHS was recorded postoperatively after an interval of 1 week. Results Bone tacks stabilized with FGG were effective in increasing the width of the keratinized gingiva but did not show any added advantage over sutures with no statistical difference between both groups p0.49. In both groups there was similar SS EHS and PI scores with no statistical significance difference between them p1.00. Conclusion This trial was conducted over a period of 3 months and it was observed that bone tacks can be used to stabilize the FGG during mucogingival procedures.