bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flipping the lab: Use of an interdisciplinary Android/iOS mobile application
Authors: Giles Amanda K. , Seif Gretchen , Bowman Peter
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/8/2016

This poster provides an overview of the time, skills, and resources necessary to develop, integrate, and evaluate the effectiveness of a mobile application within a lab course. Outcomes revealed that using the app in a flipped lab can maximize hands-on time and increase student satisfaction.

Primary Author and Speaker: Amanda K. Giles

Contributing Authors: Gretchen Seif, Peter Bowman
The Need for Accessibility in Playgrounds for Children With Disabilities
Authors: Brennan Amy , Blanchard Shirley , Scharn Briana , Milbert Kathryn , Samuelson Sara
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/9/2016

This study examined the perceived need for and current level of playground accessibility in Omaha, Nebraska, for children with disabilities. A Playground Accessibility Checklist was created and piloted. Results support occupational therapy in assessing, modifying, and creating accessible playgrounds.

Primary Author and Speaker: Amy Brennan

Additional Authors and Speakers: Shirley Blanchard, Briana Scharn, Kathryn Milbert, Sara Samuelson
Participation for People With Intellectual Disability: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Dean Evan , Wehmeyer Michael , Shogren Karrie
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/9/2016

Participation in meaningful activities is an important outcome for people with ID. Most research has focused on the frequency of participation and reducing barriers to participation. More research is needed to understand participation in terms of choice.

Primary Author and Speaker: Evan Dean

Contributing Authors: Michael Wehmeyer, Karrie Shogren
Promoting Participation Among Latino Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot Feasibility Study
Authors: Mirza Mansha , Stoffel Ashley , Vazquez Esmeralda , Magaña Sandra
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/9/2016

We present the implementation and evaluation of a family-centered, participation-oriented intervention for Latino immigrant families with preschool age children with autism spectrum disorder. Our presentation holds lessons for individual practitioners, and the occupational therapy field, to work with diverse, underserved groups.

Primary Author and Speaker: Mansha Mirza

Additional Author and Speaker: Sandra Magaña

Contributing Authors: Ashley Stoffel, Esmeralda Vazquez
Identification of Barriers and Training Needs in Low Vision: A Survey of Low Vision Therapists
Authors: Dewan Himanshu , Gabriel Linda , Jewell Vanessa
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/9/2016

Continuing education is vital for the development of skills to treat clients with low vision. Lack of time, budget, and reimbursement are limiting factors for occupational therapists (OTs) wanting to pursue continuing education. This study informs OTs of the training needs in assessment and intervention of low vision.

Primary Author and Speaker: Himanshu Dewan

Additional Author and Speaker: Vanessa Jewell

Contributing Author: Linda Gabriel
Therapeutic Relationship and Treatment Outcome
Authors: Pan Ay-Woan , Liu Li-Ting
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/9/2016

Our study results showed that task- and goal-related items were less endorsed than bond items. It also demonstrated that there is a significant moderate correlation between therapeutic relationship and participation, thus confirming the significance of therapeutic relationship for treatment outcome.

Primary Author and Speaker: Ay-Woan Pan

Contributing Author: Li-Ting Liu
Community Reintegration and Activity Constraints Improve for Adults With Chronic Stroke After Group Occupational Therapy and Yoga
Authors: Bolster Ruby , Schmid Arlene A. , Hinsey Katie M. , Willis Leslie A. , Philips Chloe E. , Van Puymbroeck Marieke
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/9/2016

Community reintegration and activity constraints significantly improved for people with chronic stroke after an 8-wk intervention combining yoga and group occupational therapy (OT) for fall risk management. Occupational therapists may wish to add yoga and group OT to community or hospital settings to improve similar outcomes.

Primary Author and Speaker: Ruby Bolster

Additional Authors and Speakers: Arlene A. Schmid

Contributing Authors: Katie M. Hinsey, Leslie A. Willis, Chloe E. Philips, Marieke Van Puymbroeck
Exploring Play in Children With Special Needs: A Photovoice Study
Authors: Fuji Christina , Bettlach Andrew , Mendonca Rochelle , Parks Julianna
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/9/2016

Occupational profiles with children who have special needs can be difficult to complete in a client-centered approach. This study explores the use of Photovoice as a tool for children with special needs to describe play in their home environment and illustrate what is meaningful to them.

Primary Author and Speaker: Christina Fuji

Additional Authors and Speakers: Andrew Bettlach, Rochelle Mendonca, Julianna Parks
Sternal Precautions After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: A Survey of Current Practice
Authors: Rodman Uher Leslie , Nguyen Nguyenvu , Monge Michael
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/9/2016

Sternal precautions (SPs) are variable among pediatric heart centers surveyed. Results indicate institutions determine SP protocol based on culture and preferences rather than evidence-based research. Prolonged physical restrictions may negatively affect motor and sensory development.

Primary Author and Speaker: Leslie Rodman Uher

Additional Author and Speaker: Nguyenvu Nguyen

Contributing Author: Michael Monge
Effective Interventions for Stroke Recovery: Comparing Modified Constraint-Induced With Occupation-Based Interventions
Authors: Skubik-Peplaski Camille , Stroud Robin , Howell Dana , Custer Melba , Sawaki Lumy
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/7/2016

Eight intervention sessions using mCIT or occupation-based activities was effective for motor recovery. The mCIT group improved most on motor assessments, and the occupation-based group had more change in the occupational performance assessments. Changes were also noted with the experience of moving.

Primary Author and Speaker: Camille Skubik-Peplaski

Additional Speakers: Robin Stroud, Dana Howell, Melba Custer

Contributing Author: Lumy Sawaki
Prevalence of Sensory Characteristics in the General Population: A Person-Centered Approach
Authors: Dunn Winnie , Tomchek Scott , Little Lauren , Dean Evan
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/8/2016

The literature emphasizes sensory patterns among vulnerable populations. Our findings illustrate that children in the general population have similar patterns. By recognizing these similarities, we can study children who are participating successfully to discover how they manage everyday life.

Primary Author and Speaker: Winnie Dunn

Additional Authors and Speakers: Scott Tomchek, Lauren Little, Evan Dean
Stigma and the Ex-Offender Population: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Sinko Rebecca , Burke Janice P. , DeAngelis Tina
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/8/2016

The experiences of ex-offenders regarding stigma and its effect on reintegration and occupational engagement were explored. Results inform occupational therapy’s understanding of stigma and areas to further explore for future program development and research aimed at minimizing stigma and facilitating reintegration.

Primary Author and Speaker: Rebecca Sinko

Additional Author and Speaker: Tina DeAngelis

Contributing Author: Janice P. Burke
Engagement of Persons With Scleroderma and Stakeholders to Revise a Self-Management Program
Authors: Poole Janet , Newbill Sharon , Serrano Jennifer , Battyany Josephine , Rosson Dana , Maxwell Cynthia , Alore Mary , Dyas Laura , Kellner Saville , Evnin Luke , Raisch Dennis W. , Silver Richard M. , Khanna Dinesh
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/8/2016

This paper describes how focus groups of people with scleroderma and stakeholders are used to revise a self-management program for people with systemic sclerosis designed to improve health, well-being, and ease in performing valued occupations.

Primary Author and Speaker: Janet Poole

Contributing Authors: Sharon Newbill, Jennifer Serrano, Josephine Battyany, Dana Rosson, Cynthia Maxwell, Mary Alore, Laura Dyas, Saville Kellner, Luke Evnin, Dennis W. Raisch, Richard M. Silver, Dinesh Khanna
Novel Sensory Rehabilitation Paradigm Using Low-Level Vibration Applied to Wrist Skin
Authors: Woodbury Michelle L. , Lakshminarayanan Kishor , Lauer Abigail W. , Bonilha Leonardo , Schmit Brian D.
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/8/2016

This study provides a neurobiological basis for using low-level wrist vibration in upper-extremity sensorimotor rehabilitation and suggests that vibration may complement occupational therapy by providing patients with enhanced sensory experience during therapy for better sensorimotor outcomes.

Primary Author and Speaker: Michelle L. Woodbury

Contributing Authors: Kishor Lakshminarayanan, Abigail W. Lauer, Leonardo Bonilha, Brian D. Schmit
Sensory Gating and Sensory Processing in Children With High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Crasta Jewel , LaGasse Blythe , Gavin William J. , Davies Patricia
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/10/2016

Children with high-functioning autism (HFA) display significantly reduced brain responses while processing auditory information compared with typically developing children. Our results can help practitioners understand the neurophysiological basis of some behavioral manifestations of HFA.

Primary Author and Speaker: Jewel Crasta

Additional Author and Speaker: Patricia Davies

Contributing Authors: Blythe LaGasse, William J. Gavin
Enjoyment of Leisure Activities Experienced by Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Hilton Claudia , Eversole Megan , Collins Diane
Published: November 2016

Date Presented 4/10/2016

The enjoyment experienced during engagement in certain leisure activities is not consistent between typically developing children and those with autism spectrum disorder. This paper describes research findings about those differences and their implications for treatment.

Primary Author and Speaker: Claudia Hilton

Additional Authors and Speakers: Megan Eversole, Diane Collins
Regional and local variations in atmospheric aerosols using ground-based sun photometry during Distributed Regional Aerosol Gridded Observation Networks (DRAGON) in 2012
Authors: Sano Itaru , Mukai Sonoyo , Nakata Makiko , Holben Brent N.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Aerosol mass concentrations are affected by local emissions as well as long-range transboundary (LRT) aerosols. This work investigates regional and local variations of aerosols based on Distributed Regional Aerosol Gridded Observation Networks (DRAGON). We constructed DRAGON-Japan and DRAGON-Osaka in spring of 2012. The former network covers almost all of Japan in order to obtain aerosol information in regional scale over Japanese islands. It was determined from the DRAGON-Japan campaign that the values of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) decrease from west to east during an aerosol episode. In fact, the highest AOT was recorded at Fukue Island at the western end of the network, and the value was much higher than that of urban areas. The latter network (DRAGON-Osaka) was set as a dense instrument network in the megalopolis of Osaka, with a population of 12 million, to better understand local aerosol dynamics in urban areas. AOT was further measured with a mobile sun photometer attached to a car. This transect information showed that aerosol concentrations rapidly changed in time and space together when most of the Osaka area was covered with moderate LRT aerosols. The combined use of the dense instrument network (DRAGON-Osaka) and high-frequency measurements provides the motion of aerosol advection, which coincides with the wind vector around the layer between 700 and 850 hPa as provided by the reanalysis data of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP).
Classification of summertime synoptic patterns in Beijing and their association with boundary layer structure affecting aerosol pollution
Authors: Miao Yucong , Guo Jianping , Liu Shuhua , Liu Huan , Liu Zhanqing , Zhang Wanchun , Zhai Panmao
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Meteorological conditions within the planetary boundary layer (PBL) are closely governed by large-scale synoptic patterns and play important roles in air quality by directly and indirectly affecting the emission, transport, formation, and deposition of air pollutants. Partly due to the lack of long-term fine-resolution observations of the PBL, the relationships between synoptic patterns, PBL structure, and aerosol pollution in Beijing have not been well understood. This study applied the obliquely rotated principal component analysis in T-mode to classify the summertime synoptic conditions over Beijing using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalysis from 2011 to 2014, and investigated their relationships with PBL structure and aerosol pollution by combining measurements of surface meteorological variables, fine-resolution soundings, the concentration of particles with diameters less than or equal to 2.5 μm, total cloud cover (CLD), and reanalysis data. Among the seven identified synoptic patterns, three types accounted for 67 % of the total number of cases studied and were associated with heavy aerosol pollution events. These particular synoptic patterns were characterized by high-pressure systems located to the east or southeast of Beijing at the 925-hPa level, which blocked the air flow seaward, and southerly PBL winds that brought in polluted air from the southern industrial zone. In the vertical dimension, these three synoptic patterns featured a relatively low boundary layer height (BLH) in the afternoon, accompanied by high CLD and southerly cold advection from the seas within the PBL. The cold advection induced by the large-scale synoptic forcing may have cooled the PBL, leading to an increase in near-surface stability and a decrease in the BLH in the afternoon. Moreover, when warm advection appeared simultaneously above the top level of the PBL, the thermal inversion layer capping the PBL may have been strengthened, resulting in further suppression of the PBL and deteriorating aerosol pollution levels. This study has important implications for understanding the crucial roles that meteorological factors (at both synoptic and local scales) play in modulating and forecasting aerosol pollution in Beijing and its surrounding area.
Soil carbon dioxide emissions controlled by an extracellular oxidative metabolism identifiable by its isotope signature
Authors: Kéraval Benoit , Lehours Anne Catherine , Colombet Jonathan , Amblard Christian , Alvarez Gaël , Fontaine Sébastien
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Soil heterotrophic respiration is a major determinant of the carbon (C) cycle and its interactions with climate. Given the complexity of the respiratory machinery, it is traditionally considered that oxidation of organic C into carbon dioxide (CO2) strictly results from intracellular metabolic processes. Here we show that C mineralization can operate in soils deprived of all observable cellular forms. Moreover, the process responsible for CO2 emissions in sterilized soils induced a strong C isotope fractionation (up to 50 ‰) incompatible with respiration of cellular origin. The supply of 13C glucose in sterilized soil led to the release of 13CO2 suggesting the presence of respiratory-like metabolism (glycolysis, decarboxylation reaction, chain of electron transfer) carried out by soil-stabilized enzymes, and by soil mineral and metal catalysts. These findings indicate that CO2 emissions from soils can have two origins: (1) from the well-known respiration of soil heterotrophic microorganisms and (2) from an extracellular oxidative metabolism (EXOMET) or, at least, catabolism. These two metabolisms should be considered separately when studying effects of environmental factors on the C cycle because the likelihood is that they do not obey the same laws and they respond differently to abiotic factors.
Effects of long-term mowing on the fractions and chemical composition of soil organic matter in a semiarid grassland
Authors: Li Jiang-Ye , Zhang Qi-Chun , Li Yong , Di Hong-Jie
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Grassland is the second largest carbon pool following forest. Intensive mowing is common to meet the need of increased livestock. However, little information on the quality and quantity of soil organic matter (SOM) under different mowing managements was documented. In this work, the fractions and chemical composition of SOM under different mowing managements were studied using traditional fractionation method and spectroscopy technology (13C-NMR and FTIR) based on a 13-year mowing trial with four treatments: control (CK, unmown), mowing once every second year (M1/2), mowing once a year (M1) and mowing twice a year (M2). The results showed that M1/2 and M1 significantly enhanced the SOM accumulation while M2 did not significantly impacted SOM content but it significantly limited the SOM humification and degradation. Substituted alkyl carbon (C) was the major organic C type as it made up over 40 % of the total C. M1/2 and M1 significantly increased stable C functional groups (alkyl C and aromatic C) by degrading labile C functional group (O-alkyl C) and forming calcium humic acid while M2 had opposite effects. The increase of NMR indices (HB/HI, Al/Ar, A/OA and CC/MC) in M1/2 and M1 further suggested that M1/2 and M1 increased the stability of SOM. Significant correlations between net N mineralization or MBC and C functional groups indicated that the shifts of SOM fractions and chemical composition were closely related to soil microbial activity. Meanwhile, M1 significantly increased soil MBC while M2 worked oppositely. Therefore, M1 are the most recommended mowing management while M2 should be avoided in the semiarid grassland.
Particle export fluxes to the oxygen minimum zone of the Eastern Tropical North Atlantic
Authors: Engel Anja , Wagner Hannes , Le Moigne Frédéric A. C. , Wilson Samuel T.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. In the ocean, sinking of particulate organic matter (POM) drives carbon export from the euphotic zone and supplies nutrition to mesopelagic communities, the feeding and degradation activities of which in turn lead to export flux attenuation. Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) with suboxic water layers ( 100 μmol O2 kg−1), supposedly due to reduced heterotrophic activity. This study focuses on sinking particle fluxes through hypoxic mesopelagic waters (
Modelling sun-induced fluorescence and photosynthesis with a land surface model at local and regional scales in northern Europe
Authors: Thum Tea , Zaehle Sönke , Köhler Philipp , Aalto Tuula , Aurela Mika , Guanter Luis , Kolari Pasi , Laurila Tuomas , Lohila Annalea , Magnani Federico , Van Der Tol Christiaan , Markkanen Tiina
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Recent satellite observations of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) are thought to provide a large-scale proxy for gross primary production (GPP), thus providing a new way to assess the performance of land surface models (LSMs). In this study, we assessed how well SIF is able to predict GPP in the Fenno-Scandinavian region and what potential limitations for its application exist. We implemented a SIF model into the JSBACH LSM and used active leaf level chlorophyll fluorescence measurements (ChlF) to evaluate the performance of the SIF module at a coniferous forest at Hyytiälä, Finland. We also compared simulated GPP and SIF at four Finnish micrometeorological flux measurement sites to observed GPP as well as to satellite observed SIF. Finally, we conducted a regional model simulation for the Fenno-Scandinavian region with JSBACH and compared the results to SIF retrievals from the GOME-2 (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2) space-borne spectrometer and to observation-based regional GPP estimates. Both observations and simulations revealed that SIF can be used to estimate GPP at both site and regional scales. The GOME-2 based SIF was a better proxy for GPP than the remotely sensed fAPAR (fraction of absorbed photosynthetic active radiation by vegetation), even though high SIF values occurred during early spring at the northern latitudes, although these are not likely to be associated with photosynthesis.
Simulations of water, heat, and solute transport in partially frozen soils
Authors: Wu Mousong , Jansson Per-Erik , Tan Xiao , Huang Jiesheng , Wu Jingwei
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Experiments for soil freezing/thawing were conducted in two seasonally frozen agricultural fields in northern China during 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 wintertime, respectively. Mass balance was checked based on measured data at various depths. Simulation work was conducted by combining CoupModel with Monte-Carlo sampling method to achieve parameter sets with equally good performance. Uncertainties existed in both measurements and model due to complexity in freezing/thawing processes as well as in surface energy partitioning. Parameters related to surface radiation and soil frost were strongly constrained with datasets available in two sites combining multi-criterion on outputs. Simulated soil heat processes were better described than soil water processes given the data obtained for calibration. Model performance was improved with consideration of solute effects on freezing point depression. More detailed solute transport processes in CoupModel needed to be improved by taking more processes such as diffusion and expulsion into consideration based on more precise experimental results, to reduce uncertainty in model. Generally, combination of measurement with process-based model and Monte-Carlo sampling method provided an approach for understanding of solute transport as well as its influences on soil freezing/thawing in cold arid agricultural regions. Incorporating more detailed descriptions of processes for frozen soil in the model can be justified if uncertainties in measurements can be reduced by introducing of high-precision novel technologies.
Application of a modified distributed-dynamic erosion and sediment yield model in a typical watershed of a hilly and gully region, Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Wu Lei , Liu Xia , Ma Xiaoyi
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Soil erosion not only results in the destruction of land resources and the decline of soil fertility, but also contributes to river channel sedimentation. In order to explore the spatiotemporal evolution of erosion and sediment yield before and after returning farmland in a typical watershed of the hilly and gully region (Chinese Loess Plateau), a distributed-dynamic model of sediment yield based on the Chinese Soil Loss Equation (CSLE) was established and modified to assess the effects of hydrological factors and human activities on erosion and sediment yield between 1995 and 2013. Results indicate that (1) the modified model has the characteristics of a simple algorithm, high accuracy, wide practicability and easy expansion, and can be applied to predict erosion and sediment yield in the study area, (2) soil erosion gradations are closely related to the spatial distribution of rainfall erosivity and land use patterns, and the current soil and water conservation measures are not efficient for high rainfall intensities, and (3) the average sediment yield rate before and after model modification in the most recent 5 years (in addition to 2013) is 4574.62 and 1696.1 Mg km−2, respectively, decreasing by about 35.4 and 78.2 % when compared to the early governance (1995–1998). However, in July 2013 the once-in-a-century storm is the most important reason for maximum sediment yield. Results may provide an effective and scientific basis for soil and water conservation planning and ecological construction of the hilly and gully region, Chinese Loess Plateau.
Demographic Differences in Patterns of Youth Out-of-School Time Activity Participation
Authors: Bouffard Suzanne M. , Wimer Christopher , Caronongan Pia , Little Priscilla , Dearing Eric , Simpkins Sandra D.
Published: November 2016

Participation in structured out-of-school time (OST) activities is of growing interest to families, youth practitioners, and policymakers. OST activities benefit youth socially, emotionally, and academically, especially at-risk youth. Yet, little research has explored the characteristics of youth participants. This study examines whether demographic differences exist merely in getting youth “in the door” of activities, or whether differences persist when examining the number of activities and the amount of time youth spend in activities once they are there. Results from two nationally representative datasets showed that disadvantaged youth were less likely to participate in a variety of activities than their peers, and participated in fewer numbers of activities. Among youth who did participate, Blacks and Hispanics participated less frequently in some activities, although Blacks participated more frequently in community-based youth programs. Implications for recruitment and retention are discussed, including the need for activity leaders to enhance efforts to attract and sustain disadvantaged and ethnic minority youth.
4-H Afterschool – Making an Impact
Authors: Bunnell JoLene , Pate Robert
Published: November 2016

4-H Afterschool is making a positive impact on youth, families, and their communities. Utah State University Extension has implemented a 4-H Afterschool club at four elementary schools in low-income neighborhoods. At each of the sites, 4-H offers sixteen different project clubs. Survey results indicate that the 4-H Afterschool program is building positive social skills in the youth, providing positive alternatives to idleness and antisocial behavior, and supporting parents in the primary role of care giving. The Afterschool clubs incorporate project activities, a service learning component, and a final showcase for the parents. Youth development professionals, using the experiential learning model of 4-H, can affect positive change within their communities by implementing a 4-H Afterschool program.
Online Surveys: Increasing Your Research and Evaluation Capacity
Authors: Borden Lynne M. , Perkins Daniel F. , Stone Margaret
Published: November 2016

Online surveys are increasingly viewed as a method to expand research and evaluation capacity. This article focuses on a case study utilizing online surveys for data collection conducted by researchers at the Pennsylvania State University and the University of Arizona. The National Youth Participation Study makes use of computer technology and the interest youth have in such technology. Online methods, survey design, techniques when surveying youth and lessons learned in developing the online study are shared by the authors.
Cultivating Compassion and Youth Action Around the Globe: A Preliminary Report on Jane Goodall’s Roots & Shoots Program
Authors: Johnson Laura R. , Johnson-Pynn Julie S.
Published: November 2016

This paper describes a unique service-learning based environmental and humanitarian program for youth, The Jane Goodall Institute’s Roots and Shoots program (R&S). R&S aims to foster learning, personal growth and civic engagement among youth members through service activities and environmental education. Despite its promise as a youth development program and its rapid expansion into 100 countries, little is known about R&S’s impact on youth development. In this study, we explore R&S programs in China and Tanzania, two countries that are maximally different from the U.S. in important cultural and contextual factors. Through qualitative and quantitative methods we describe the programs, their practices, and perceptions of their impact on youths’ personal and social development (cognitive and social competence, leadership, self-efficacy, citizenship and social responsibility). Additionally, we highlight the importance of sociocultural and ecological factors when developing and evaluating youth programs.
Rural After-School Programs: Meeting the Needs of At-Risk Youth and Their Families
Authors: Letiecq Bethany L. , Bailey Sandra J. , Keller Julie A.
Published: November 2016

Extant research has focused on out-of-school time among urban and suburban youth, yet there remains scant information on rural low-income youth and their families. This study examines the salience of after-school programs for rural youth. Using an ecological framework, we assess changes in youth behavior and skill acquisition based on reports from 47 youth attending after-school programs in two rural communities, along with their primary caregivers and teachers. Results indicate enhanced life skills and social behaviors among youth attendees. Implications for future research, programming, and policymaking are discussed.
Camp Counseling and the Development and Transfer of Workforce Skills: The Perspective of Ohio 4-H Camp Counselor Alumni
Authors: Digby Janel K. , Ferrari Theresa M.
Published: November 2016

Recent research shows that camp counselors, including those in 4-H, benefit from the experience by developing important life skills. However, because research regarding the perception of workforce skill development in this context has yielded inconsistent findings, the present study used focus groups to examine 4-H camp counselor alumni perceptions about the skills gained and transfer of these skills to other settings. Overall, 4-H camp counselor alumni thought their experience was fun and enjoyable, yet challenging. They believed they developed important life and workforce skills. Not only did alumni learn these skills, but the skills transferred beyond the camp setting. Leadership was noted as the skill most frequently applied to other contexts. Alumni believed that their counseling experiences had both indirect and direct impacts on their career choice. This study suggests many practical applications for those who work with camp programs.
Cultures Around the World: A Unique Approach to Youth Cultural Diversity Education
Authors: Smith Justen O. , Pate Robert N.
Published: November 2016

Increasingly diverse cultural trends have significant implications for the educational needs of American youth. Learning about and valuing diverse cultures will help prepare youth to become better citizens in an ever-changing society. Cultures Around the World was developed to meet the educational needs of youth in the area of cultural diversity. The Cultures Around the World program brings to life exciting cultures and customs from countries all over the world. Countries are presented in a unique format by teaching youth (ages 10 to 18) a specific country’s history, culture, food, music, dance, language, religion, and current issues. The Cultures Around the World program can be used by any youth educator. The program comes in a ready to use CD containing presentations, handicraft instructions, language guides, and resource guides for nine different countries (Armenia, Australia, Ecuador, Egypt, England, France, Ghana, Slovakia and Mexico).
Sports and Youth Development Programs: Theoretical and Practical Implication of Early Adolescent Participation in Multiple Instances of Structured Out-of-School (OST) Activity
Authors: Zarrett Nicole , Peltz Jack , Fay Kristen , Li Yibing , Lerner Jacqueline V. , Lerner Richard M.
Published: November 2016

Among today’s youth, the most ubiquitous OST activity is sports. However, many of these youth are also participating in at least one other OST activity along with their participation in sports. Using longitudinal data from 1,622 youth (56.8% female) from the first three waves (Grades 5, 6, and 7) of the 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development (PYD), we employed a pattern-centered approach to assess differences in adolescent functioning depending on what types of OST activities youth were participating in along with their sports participation. Our findings suggest that youth benefit from their sports participation differently depending on what other types of additional activities they participate in during their out-of-school time. In particular, a participation pattern characterized by high participation in sports and Youth Development Programs was found to be the most effective activity profile for promoting PYD and preventing youth problems. Implications of these findings in research and practice are discussed.
Emerging Adulthood: Theory, Assessment and Application
Authors: Reifman Alan , Arnett Jeffrey Jensen , Colwell Malinda J.
Published: November 2016

The later attainment of traditional adult roles by today’s youth compared to their counterparts of earlier decades has garnered considerable scholarly and public attention. This article describes a recent concept related to the transition to adulthood, known as emerging adulthood, including a discussion of relevant theory and historical background research. We then introduce a measurement instrument, the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA), which assesses identification with transition-to-adulthood themes. Results of initial scale-development studies were largely supportive of the measure’s reliability and validity. Respondents in their 20s identified with relevant themes to a greater extent than did their younger and older counterparts. Marital status differences on the IDEA emerged, but college and non-college respondents were largely similar. Finally, we provide suggestions for how parent educators can make use of the IDEA instrument in advising parents and their emerging adult children.
Service-Learning and Leadership Life Skills: An Experimental Study
Authors: Locke B.  Darlene , Boyd Barry , Fraze Steven , Howard Jeff W.
Published: November 2016

This study examined the effect of service activities on the development of leadership life skills in youth and (queried) if having a reflection component as part of the activity makes a difference. Additionally, the study examined the impact of selected demographics including age, gender, type of service completed monthly and 4-H membership on the development of leadership life skills. Participants in the study were from two samples. One group represented the El Paso National Youth Service Day, the other represented the District 11 4-H Leadership Lab in Branham, Texas. Participants were randomly assigned to a control (no reflection) or treatment (with reflection) group. Youth participants self rated their leadership life skills using a 33-question post-test only questionnaire. Demographics were reported in nine additional questions. The major findings of the study are as follows: 1) Overall, the participants reported their perceived leadership life skills to be high in four of the five subscales; 2) The inclusion of a reflection component did not significantly affect perceived leadership life skills; 3) Type of service, whether direct or indirect, had a significant impact on perceived leadership life skills; 4) 4-H membership had a significant impact on the Personal Leadership Development subscale.
A Person-Centered, Asset-Based Community Development Framework for Youth with Special Health Care Needs/Disabilities in Transition to Adulthood
Authors: Boyd Heather H. , Swedeen Beth
Published: November 2016

In the United States, 12.8 percent of children under 18 have special health care needs. Ninety percent of youth in America with special health care needs and/or disabilities can now be expected to reach adulthood. Youth with special health care needs and/or disabilities are less likely to experience successful transition to adulthood in comparison to youth without special health care needs. This article presents a person-centered, asset-based community development approach that assisted youth in achieving transition and inclusion-oriented outcomes. Examples are drawn from a Healthy & Ready to Work demonstration project in Wisconsin. At the center of our approach to transition were community connectors -- adults who knew the personal interests and assets of youth and who found opportunities in the community that matched individual youth interests. Implications for youth development professionals as successful community connectors are described.
Assessing Program Outcomes: Rationale and Benefits of Posttest-then-Retrospective-Pretest Designs
Authors: Marshall James P. , Higginbotham Brian J. , Harris Victor W. , Lee Thomas R.
Published: November 2016

The importance of program evaluation for decision making, accountability, and sustainability is examined in this article. Pros and cons of traditional pretest-posttest and posttest-then-retrospective-pretest methodologies are discussed. A case study of Utah’s 4-H mentoring program using a posttest-then-retrospective-pretest design is presented. Furthermore, it is argued that the posttest-then-retrospective-pretest design is a valid, efficient, and cost-effective way to assess program outcomes and impacts.
4-H & FFA Livestock Projects: Life Skills Gained and Knowledge Learned
Authors: Holmgren Lyle N. , Reid Chad R.
Published: November 2016

Junior Livestock shows are one of the most popular 4-H and FFA projects in Utah. Thousands of youth participate in these shows from every county in Utah. County extension agents and FFA advisors spend much time with livestock committees, leaders, parents, and youth engaged in livestock shows. Can public funds spent on salaries be justified for county 4-H extension agents and FFA advisors who work with junior livestock shows? To help answer this question, 413 youth involved in livestock shows in Utah were surveyed in 2001. Youth were asked to share skills learned from their livestock projects. Value statements along with specific content skills were measured in the survey. The results indicate that from their 4-H and FFA projects, youth learned to accept responsibility, follow instructions, gain self-confidence, follow instructions, “do the right thing” as well as a variety of other values and content skills.
Adolescents’ Negative Experiences in Organized Youth Activities
Authors: Dworkin Jodi
Published: November 2016

Research indicates that organized youth activities are most often a context of positive development. However, there is a smaller body of evidence suggesting that these activities are sometimes a context of negative experiences that may impede learning or lead to dropping out. To better understand negative experiences in youth activities, we conducted ten focus groups with adolescents. Youths’ descriptions provide an overview of the range of types of negative experiences they encountered, as well as how they responded to them. The most frequent types of negative experiences involved peers and peer group dynamics and aversive behavior attributed to the adult leaders of the activities. The youth described two types of responses to their negative experiences - a passive response of feeling negative emotions, and active coping, which sometimes led to learning.
Applying Marketing Concepts to Non-Profit/Educational Organizations: The Youth Professional’s Responsibilities in Program Marketing & Promotion
Authors: Diem Keith G.
Published: November 2016

The degree of participation in community-based youth development programs is typically affected by both the recruitment and retention of participants. A review of literature over more than forty years revealed the value of marketing and promotion to the viability of a company, product, or organization and how it may contribute to company sales or an organization’s membership. This article is focused on the application of marketing concepts to a non-profit organization or educational program. Using a marketing approach to program development can result in improved program quality as well as increased enrollment. Utilizing marketing activities such as needs assessment will aide in ensuring the program remains current in meeting needs and interests of clientele, the community, and society. Promoting an accurate and relevant image is a key in making sure people realize the value of your program.
Promoting Supportive Relationships in Youth Programs: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective
Authors: Duerden Mat D. , Gillard Ann
Published: November 2016

Although research suggests that positive contact with non-parental adults is developmentally beneficial for youth; many adolescents do not have access to such relationships. It is important that adults structure existing relationships to optimize positive youth development. Relationships with adults, who support youth’s needs for autonomy, relatedness, and competence, provide youth with scaffolding as they navigate their way through adolescence. Self-Determination Theory offers a straight-forward approach to understanding the elements of contexts that best promote the development of supportive relationships. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature concerning youth-adult relationships, including their associated prevalence and developmental benefits across multiple contexts. These findings are then integrated into a framework of best practices for developing and supporting positive youth relationships with adults within youth program settings. Several theory-based recommendations are offered for youth program administrators and staff who wish to improve youth-adult relationships in their programs.
Why Play Sports? How Organized Sports Participation Can Contribute to the Healthy Development of Adolescent Hispanic Girls
Authors: Horst Megan A.
Published: November 2016

This study addressed the research question, “What is meaningful to Hispanic girls about their organized sports participation during the first year of high school?” Purposeful sampling (Maxwell, 1996) was used to select 15 9th-grade girls to participate in individual interviews about their organized sport participation. Transcripts were analyzed via inductive coding. Findings showed that organized sports offered Hispanic girls in this sample a venue for healthy youth development, including opportunities for the “5 C’s” – competence, confidence, connection, character, and caring (Lerner, Fisher, & Weinberg, 2000). This article highlights the salience of connection, caring, and competence in adolescent Hispanic girls’ organized sports experiences. Insights from girls’ narratives may help coaches and other educators structure athletic programs to best meet the needs of Hispanic girls during adolescence (AAUW, 1991; Brown & Gilligan, 1992; Erkut, Fields, Sing, & Marx, 1996; Gil & Vazquez, 1996; Sadker & Sadker, 1994).
Perceived Effectiveness of Youth-Adult Partnerships on Enhancing Life Skill Development through 4-H
Authors: Sallee Jeff , Cox Charles
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine if youth and adult participants in the 4-H Environmental Impact program perceive youth?adult partnerships as an effective means to enhance the youths’ development of life skills. The study further sought to discover the perceived obstacles that may keep youth and adults from participating in equal partnerships. The life skills of: Leadership, Cooperation, Service Learning, and Planning and organizing were enhanced through the youths’ participation in the youth-adult partnership. Through this research there was evidence that many of the youth participants did perceive themselves as equal team members when participating in this youth-adult partnership. The research indicated the greatest perceived obstacle that kept youth from engaging was not much time after homework and other activities. It is recommended that all participants in newly formed youth-adult partnerships receive training on how to implement this type of program, and how to participate equally.
Healthy Kids, Healthy Families: A Collaborative Program to Address Childhood Overweight
Authors: Jager Kathleen B. , Saxe Amy M. , Smith Amy K. , Carolan Marsha T. , Weatherspoon Lorraine
Published: November 2016

Healthy Kids, Healthy Families is a program of outreach and research that has been developed to address treatment and prevention of the childhood obesity epidemic through a family-centered, multidisciplinary approach. The American Dietetic Association recommends community-based and environmental interventions as the most feasible methods to support healthful lifestyles for the greatest numbers of children and families (Ritchie, Crawford, Hoelscher, & Sothern, 2006). Healthy Kids, Healthy Families was developed as an innovative, collaborative program to help children and families maintain healthy weight, through impacting the systemic medical and psychosocial aspects of overweight in children. The program involves in-home, family-based intervention followed by multi-family group education and community outreach.
Community Interactive Processes and Rural Adolescents’ Educational Achievement: Investigating the Mediating Effects of Delinquency and Self-Esteem
Authors: Adedokun Omolola A. , Balschweid Mark A.
Published: November 2016

The study reported in this paper examines the effects of community interactive processes on rural adolescents’ educational achievement. Specifically, the paper explored the direct effects of community interactive processes on rural adolescents’ educational achievement and the indirect effects via self-esteem and delinquency. The method of structural equation modeling was used to analyze data from a nationally representative panel study of rural adolescent boys and girls in 10th grade through 12th grade. The results make a compelling case that communities are conduits for boosting self-esteem, facilitating normative behaviors and academic performance in rural adolescents.
4-H “Survivor” Camp: A Real-to-Life Experience in Living on Your Own
Authors: Smith Carole , Cowan Janice , Schreiber Debera
Published: November 2016

In recent years many school district budgets have been reduced. Essential life skill classes, such as home economics and personal finance, have been eliminated leaving youth unprepared to live on their own. 4-H Survivor Camp was developed to meet this need. Survivor Camp provides the opportunity for youth to learn and practice basic life skills needed to make a successful transition from high school to young adulthood. The camp is based on seven core lessons: Living on a Budget, Renting an Apartment, Living with a Roommate, Food Preparation, Career Preparation, Self Awareness and Personal Reflection. Evaluation results show that youth who have participated in the program feel more prepared to face the realities of living on their own. The value of this curriculum is that it is adaptable for youth anywhere and in a variety of settings. This article discusses the real-to-life experiences taught at the camp and the related life skills reinforced.
Evaluating an Initiative to Increase Youth Participation in School and Community Gardening Activities
Authors: Lekies Kristi S. , Eames-Sheavly Marcia
Published: November 2016

Across the country, youth gardening opportunities are rapidly increasing, as is the need for documentation on successful strategies for working with young people. This paper describes the evaluation of the Greener Voices project, a three-year initiative created to increase youth participation in gardening activities through consultation, resources, and information provided to adult leaders at six sites across New York and Pennsylvania. The evaluation is highlighted to encourage others to think about ways to incorporate evaluation into gardening programs. Useful strategies include starting early with evaluation planning, using an underlying program theory or logic model, collecting data through multiple methods, coordinating evaluation and program planning, building theory into evaluation, and publicizing findings. Documenting lessons learned can contribute to the knowledge base in the youth gardening field.