bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INTEGRATION OF 3D MODELS AND DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSES THROUGH A
CONSERVATION-ORIENTED INFORMATION SYSTEM
Authors: Mandelli A. , Achille C. , Tommasi C. , Fassi F.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. In the recent years, mature technologies for producing high quality virtual 3D replicas of Cultural Heritage (CH) artefacts has grown thanks to the progress of Information Technologies (IT) tools. These methods are an efficient way to present digital models that can be used with several scopes: heritage managing, support to conservation, virtual restoration, reconstruction and colouring, art cataloguing and visual communication. The work presented is an emblematic case of study oriented to the preventive conservation through monitoring activities, using different acquisition methods and instruments. It was developed inside a project founded by Lombardy Region, Italy, called “Smart Culture”, which was aimed to realise a platform that gave the users the possibility to easily access to the CH artefacts, using as an example a very famous statue. The final product is a 3D reality-based model that contains a lot of information inside it, and that can be consulted through a common web browser. In the end, it was possible to define the general strategies oriented to the maintenance and the valorisation of CH artefacts, which, in this specific case, must consider the integration of different techniques and competencies, to obtain a complete, accurate and continuative monitoring of the statue.
TESTING DIFFERENT SURVEY TECHNIQUES TO MODEL ARCHITECTONIC
NARROW SPACES
Authors: Mandelli A. , Fassi F. , Perfetti L. , Polari C.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. In the architectural survey field, there has been the spread of a vast number of automated techniques. However, it is important to underline the gap that exists between the technical specification sheet of a particular instrument and its usability, accuracy and level of automation reachable in real cases scenario, especially speaking about Cultural Heritage (CH) field. In fact, even if the technical specifications (range, accuracy and field of view) are known for each instrument, their functioning and features are influenced by the environment, shape and materials of the object. The results depend more on how techniques are employed than the nominal specifications of the instruments. The aim of this article is to evaluate the real usability, for the 1:50 architectonic restitution scale, of common and not so common survey techniques applied to the complex scenario of dark, intricate and narrow spaces such as service areas, corridors and stairs of Milan’s cathedral indoors. Tests have shown that the quality of the results is strongly affected by side-issues like the impossibility of following the theoretical ideal methodology when survey such spaces. The tested instruments are: the laser scanner Leica C10, the GeoSLAM ZEB1, the DOT DPI 8 and two photogrammetric setups, a full frame camera with a fisheye lens and the NCTech iSTAR, a panoramic camera. Each instrument presents advantages and limits concerning both the sensors themselves and the acquisition phase.
DIGITAL TOOLS FOR DOCUMENTING AND CONSERVING BAHRAIN’S BUILT HERITAGE FOR POSTERITY
Authors: Mezzino D. , Barazzetti L. , Santana Quintero M. , El-Habashi A.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Documenting the physical characteristics of historic structures is the first step for any preventive maintenance, monitoring, conservation, planning and promotion action. Metric documentation supports informative decision-making process for property owners, site managers, public officials, and conservators. This information serves also a broader purpose, over time, it becomes the primary means by which scholars, heritage professionals, and the general public understand a site that radically changed or disappeared. Further, documentation supports monitoring as well as the character-defining elements analysis, relevant to define the values of the building for the local and international community. The awareness of these concepts oriented the digital documentation and training activities, developed between 2016 and 2017, for the Bahrain Authority for Culture and Antiquities (BACA) in Bahrain. The developed activities had two main aims: a) support the local staff in using specific recording techniques to efficiently document and consequently preserve built heritage sites with appropriate accuracy and in a relatively short period; b) develop a pilot project in collaboration with BACA to validate the capacity of the team to accurately document and produce measured records for the conservation and management of Bahrain built heritage. The documentation project has been developed by a multidisciplinary team of experts from BACA, Carleton Immersive Media Studio (CIMS), Carleton University, Canada and a contracted researcher from the Gicarus Lab, Politecnico di Milano (POLIMI) in Italy. In the training activities, the participants have been exposed to a wide range of recording techniques, illustrating them the selection criteria for the most suitable one, according to requirements, site specifications, categories of values identified for the various built elements, and budget. The pilot project has been tested on three historical structures, both with strong connotations in the Bahrain cultural identity: the Shaikh Isa bin Ali house, Aljazzaf house and the Siyadi Majlis. These two buildings, outstanding examples of Bahrain architecture as well as tangible memory of the country history, have been documented employing several digital techniques, including: aerial and terrestrial photogrammetry, rectifying photography, total station and 3D laser scanning.
GEOPAN AT@S: A BROKERING BASED GATEWAY TO GEOREFERENCED
HISTORICAL MAPS FOR RISK ANALYSIS
Authors: Previtali M.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Importance of ancient and historical maps is nowadays recognized in many applications (e.g., urban planning, landscape valorisation and preservation, land changes identification, etc.). In the last years a great effort has been done by different institutions, such as Geographical Institutes, Public Administrations, and collaborative communities, for digitizing and publishing online collections of historical maps. In spite of this variety and availability of data, information overload makes difficult their discovery and management: without knowing the specific repository where the data are stored, it is difficult to find the information required. In addition, problems of interconnection between different data sources and their restricted interoperability may arise. This paper describe a new brokering based gateway developed to assure interoperability between data, in particular georeferenced historical maps and geographic data, gathered from different data providers, with various features and referring to different historical periods. The developed approach is exemplified by a new application named GeoPAN Atl@s that is aimed at linking in Northern Italy area land changes with risk analysis (local seismicity amplification and flooding risk) by using multi-temporal data sources and historic maps.
Face to face - close range inspection of head vases
Authors: Rieke-Zapp D. H. , Trinkl E.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Several hundred attic head vases are known worldwide and stored in museums and collections. In 1929, Beazley has categorized twenty groups (A-W) based on stylistic properties and historic methodology. Head vases are assembled in several steps, most important for our comparison is the moulding of the head area. While the other parts of head vases like the size of the handle and the painting can differ significantly from each other, one can notice similarities in the head shapes of the same group. Since molds were used to shape the heads, our initial hypothesis was to perform a quantitative comparison of head shapes based on digital scan data. Comparison of scan data is straight forward and is very similar to quality control and inspection processes in industrial applications. Nonetheless, quality control of approximately 2,500-year-old artefacts that are distributed among several different places is not straight forward. Initial analysis was performed on older scan data. In addition, a high-resolution fringe projection scanner was employed to scan further head vases in additional museums in Germany and Italy. Scan resolution and accuracy of approximately 0.1 mm in all dimensions were required to reveal differences below 1 mm. All new scans were performed with an AICON SmartScan-HE C8. This scanner captures not only shape, but at the same time records color textures which can be employed for presentation or future analyses. Shape analysis results of the head areas do not only confirm that it is likely that the same mold was used for shaping some of the head vases. According to these results, it is also not unlikely that a first generation of larger head vases was used to prepare molds for consecutive generations of head vases that are slightly smaller by 10-15%. This volume loss resembles closely the volume loss observed after oven-burning of pottery. Scanning will continue to increase the data set for further analyses.
A N-D VIRTUAL NOTEBOOK ABOUT THE BASILICA OF S. AMBROGIO IN MILAN:
INFORMATION MODELING FOR THE COMMUNICATION OF
HISTORICAL PHASES SUBTRACTION PROCESS
Authors: Stanga C. , Spinelli C. , Brumana R. , Oreni D. , Valente R. , Banfi F.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. This essay describes the combination of 3D solutions and software techniques with traditional studies and researches in order to achieve an integrated digital documentation between performed surveys, collected data, and historical research. The approach of this study is based on the comparison of survey data with historical research, and interpretations deduced from a data cross-check between the two mentioned sources. The case study is the Basilica of S. Ambrogio in Milan, one of the greatest monuments in the city, a pillar of the Christianity and of the History of Architecture. It is characterized by a complex stratification of phases of restoration and transformation. Rediscovering the great richness of the traditional architectural notebook, which collected surveys and data, this research aims to realize a virtual notebook, based on a 3D model that supports the dissemination of the collected information. It can potentially be understandable and accessible by anyone through the development of a mobile app. The 3D model was used to explore the different historical phases, starting from the recent layers to the oldest ones, through a virtual subtraction process, following the methods of Archaeology of Architecture. Its components can be imported into parametric software and recognized both in their morphological and typological aspects. It is based on the concept of LoD and ReverseLoD in order to fit the accuracy required by each step of the research.
THE EUROPEAN RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE FOR HERITAGE SCIENCE (ERIHS)
Authors: Striova J. , Pezzati L.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The European Research Infrastructure for Heritage Science (E-RIHS) entered the European strategic roadmap for research infrastructures (ESFRI Roadmap [1]) in 2016, as one of its six new projects. E-RIHS supports research on heritage interpretation, preservation, documentation and management. Both cultural and natural heritage are addressed: collections, artworks, buildings, monuments and archaeological sites. E-RIHS aims to become a distributed research infrastructure with a multi-level star-structure: facilities from single Countries will be organized in national nodes, coordinated by National Hubs. The E-RIHS Central Hub will provide the unique access point to all E-RIHS services through coordination of National Hubs. E-RIHS activities already started in some of its national nodes. In Italy the access to some E-RIHS services started in 2015. A case study concerning the diagnostic of a hypogea cave is presented.
FROM CULTURAL PATH TO CULTURAL ROUTE: A VALUE-LED RISK MANAGEMENT METHOD FOR VIA IULIA AUGUSTA IN ALBENGA (ITALY)
Authors: Van Meerbeek L. , Barazzetti L. , Valente R.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Today, the field of cultural heritage faces many challenges: cultural heritage is always at risk, the large amount of heritage information is often fragmented, climate change impacts cultural heritage and heritage recording can be time-consuming and often results in low accuracy. Four objectives, related to the challenges, were defined during this research work. It proposes a relevant value-led risk management method for cultural heritage, it identifies climate change impact on cultural heritage, it suggests a database lay-out for cultural heritage and demonstrates the potential of remote sensing tools for cultural heritage. The Via Iulia Augusta, a former Roman road in Albenga, was used as case study.
THE MONITORING AND ANALYSIS OF THE CHINESE TRADITIONAL
ARCHITECTURE PAINTING DECAY
– THE CASE OF JILAN PAVILION IN THE SUMMER PALACE
Authors: Zhan L. , Wang Z. , Zhao X. , Liu Z. , Liu G.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The painting is one of the most decorative elements of ancient Chinese architecture and it is sensitive to the natural environment. The outdoor painting is very easily to be affected by the natural environment and its color is easily to decay. In order to study the relationship between the painting decay and the physical environment, the two paintings on both east and west inner eaves of Jilan Pavilion beside the Kunming Lake in Summer Palace are taken as the research objects, because these two paintings are painted at the same period but their decay degrees are greatly different. Since 2013, the research group regularly monitors the color decay of these two paintings. Meanwhile, the physical environment around these two paintings has been monitored. Based on the analysis of the monitor data, it can be seen that the illumination is the major factor that causes the decay of the painting. Meanwhile, by using the ECOTECT software to stimulate the light environment around the Jilan Pavilion, it can be seen that it is the mirror reflection of the lake that causes the result that the illumination of the west eave (face east) is stronger than that of the east eave (face west).
ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DE POLÍTICAS DE IMPLANTAÇÃO E RESULTADOS SOCIAIS DA ENERGIA EÓLICA NO BRASIL E NOS ESTADOS UNIDOS
Authors: Loureiro Caroline Vitor , Gorayeb Adryane , Brannstrom Christian
Published: August 2017

O desenvolvimento da energia eólica é um fenômeno global com uma grande variabilidade de experiências nacionais, mas com poucas comparações internacionais. Nesse estudo, foram analisados os casos de implantação de parques eólicos em duas regiões importantes, uma nos Estados Unidos e outra no Brasil, em termos de políticas de implantação, licenciamento ambiental, o papel dos stakeholders, e outras variáveis. A comparação entre os parques eólicos do Texas (EUA) e do Ceará (Brasil) revelou a importância da segurança de posse da terra, do fortalecimento das instituições econômicas e do papel das elites políticas e econômicas locais na determinação do grau de aceitação social da energia eólica. Os mecanismos utilizados pelas empresas para sua implantação variam nas áreas comparadas. No Texas contratos de aluguel de terra e royalties beneficiam os proprietários privados e produzem taxas. No Ceará as vantagens econômicas e sociais se restringem às elites locais.
The unnecessary suffering and abuse caused by healthcare professionals needs to stop: A study regarding experiences of abuse among female patients in a general psychiatric setting
Authors: Örmon Karin , Hörberg Ulrica
Published: August 2017

Objective: Healthcare, from a caring science perspective, aims to support the patients’ health processes. All healthcare is, however, not experienced as being caring by the patients. Consequences of abuse in healthcare (AHC) services have effects on the patients’ health and well-being. The aim of this study was to explore experiences of abuse from healthcare professionals among female patients in a general psychiatric clinic.Methods: In the cross-sectional study design, data from female patients receiving outpatient or inpatient care at a general psychiatric clinic about their experiences of abuse were gathered by using the NorVold Abuse Questionnaire (NorAQ) Descriptive statistics were used to describe experiences of abuse in the health care sector.Results: Fifty-six women reported abuse by healthcare professionals. Being offended or grossly degraded while visiting health services, was experienced by almost all the women (n = 50). Experiences that a “normal” event while visiting health services suddenly became a really terrible and insulting experience, without fully knowing how this could happen was experienced by 38 women in the study. During their current care episode at the general psychiatric clinic a majority of the female patients chose not to reveal their experiences of abuse in the health care sector (n = 34).Conclusions: The fact that patients experience suffering and abuse from healthcare professionals is a serious problem that needs to be highlighted and discussed within all healthcare contexts. Attention needs to be paid to the suffering and abuse that is related to encounters and relationships between patients and healthcare professionals.
Factors that Influence Program Selection and Its Relationship with Students’ Achievement in Pre-University Study
Authors: Azizan Farah Liyana , Ahmad Nor Amalina , Rahim Nur Fazliana , Daud Rohaiza , Samani Mus Chairil , Zailani Mohd Alhafiizh , Mustapha Mohd Aminudin , Bukhori Mohamad Fhaizal Mohamad , Kamal Ahmad Alif
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this study is to recognize the influencing factors in program selection in pre-university level and its relationship with student’s achievement. Competition among school leavers to further their studies at a higher level institution is getting tougher; making choosing a program offered by universities becomes a real challenge. After completing secondary school studies, most universities require students to complete a minimum of 1–2 years of post-secondary education before enrolment. Pre-university program is one of the options of post-secondary education. Since the curriculum of pre-university program is very comprehensive, students attending this program have to undergo various challenges throughout their academic sessions. Therefore, students are expected to have their own targets and focus prior to attending any of these studies. In this study, the researchers use a survey to investigate and analyze factors that influence students’ decisions in choosing a pre-university program and also the relationship between their decisions making with their academic achievements. The study reveals that all the factors listed significantly influence the students’ decision making in choosing a pre-university program. However, not all of these factors are taken into consideration in choosing a program that has a significant relationship with their achievement. Therefore, knowledge derived from this study is beneficial to the Ministry of Higher Education and any higher learning institutions which offer pre-university programs including the policy makers. The knowledge also allows policy makers to plan preemptive action to improve student’s performance.
Quality Management Practice Influences Organizational Performance: A Case of a Vietnamese SME
Authors: Nguyen Giang Ngo Tinh , Ninh Duong Tran Thuy
Published: August 2017

Quality Management Practice (QMP) has been proven its positive impact on organizational performance and received significant attention in recent years. However, there is little or no studies on QMP and organizational performance in Vietnam, specifically in Binh Duong. This research concentrated on finding the degree to which five elements of QMP namely Leadership, Strategic Planning, Process Management, Human Resource Management and Customer Satisfaction influence organizational performance within the scope of a SME in Binh Duong, Vietnam. In this study, a survey was conducted involving internal human resources and external customers, resulting in a response rate of 100 percent. Data was collected from three different perspectives of managers, staff and customer to gain the best insight understanding. The results of the survey revealed that Strategic Planning, Human Resources Management and Customer Satisfaction take important role to play in increasing performance of this organization while the other fundamentals needs more improvement to fully implement QMP at the company. This research has the potential for further research to enhance the standards of QMP in Binh Duong area.
The Integration of International Capital Market from Indonesian Investors’ Perspective: Do Integration Still Give Diversification Benefit
Authors: Amizuar Sabilil Hakimi , Ratnawati Anny , Andati Trias
Published: August 2017

The objective of this study is to analyze whether, despite the international equity liberalization and growing world financial integration, Indonesian investors can be beneficial from international diversification. The study covers both emerging markets (Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Korea, China, and Taiwan) and developed markets (USA, UK, Japan, Singapore, and Australia) over the period of January 1st, 2007 to April 30st, 2017. It uses several state-of-the-art techniques: multivariate cointegration and vector error correction models (VECM) with the analysis of impulse response function (IRF) and forecast error variance decomposition (FEVD) to analyze the long-term level of integration and time-varying correlations with the Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC) aproach to analyze short term level of integration. The analysis provides the evidence of integration berween Indonesian market and international markets. The findings suggest that Indonesian investors have more chance to gain international diversification benefit from developed markets rather than emerging markets as the Indonesian market has low level of integration compared to developed markets.
Correcting for Non-Sum to 1 Estimated Probabilities in Applications of Discrete Probability Models to Count Data
Authors: H. Lawal Bayo
Published: August 2017

In this paper, we examine some often ignored or assumed problems relating with fitting probability models to count data either exhibiting over, equi, or under dispersion. Of particular concern are last category truncated data, where most often, expected values in this last category are collapsed together so that the sum of the expected values sum to the sample size in the data. That is, so that $\displaystyle \sum_{i=0}^{k} \hat{m}_i=n$, the sample size. We shall for illustrative purposes in this paper, consider the following distributions: the negative binomial (NB), the Inverse trinomial (IT), the hyper-Poisson (HP), the Quasi-negative binomial (QNBD), the extended com-Poisson distribution (ECOMP) as well as the negative binomial-exponential distribution (NBGE).Though, we have restricted our discussion to these six distributions, other distributions may also be employed but the patterns are always the same, that is, the sum of the estimated probabilities does not equal 1.00 and consequently, the sum of the expected values is always less or equal (Poisson case only) the sample size in the observed data. We propose a common procedure to rectify this problem for both right truncated or non-truncated frequency count data exhibiting either excess zeros or regular frequency data.
The methods of globoid surface modeling in CAD
Authors: Sobolak M. , Jagiełowicz P.E.
Published: August 2017

Purpose: Modeling of globoid worm surface is a difficult issue of modeling of complexsurfaces in CAD. Worm gears are a challenge for designers because of the constructionand the functions that have to be met, as well. There are very few specializedapplications to generate this type of gears. The software intended to model of the wormgear wheel only is not accessible, so basing on general intending CAD systems is anecessity. Modeling of globoid worm surface can cause the problem. The examplesof globoid helical surfaces modeling in CAD are accessible on the Internet, but oftenthey are not correct in terms of geometry and they do not reflect the actual geometry.These surfaces are modeled on the helix with uniform pitch but diameter variable only.The worm gear development, including these atypical ones, requires looking for newsolutions in their modeling.Design/methodology/approach: The three methods of the globoid surface modeling,using CAD systems - AutoCAD and CATIA were presented. The modeling was carriedout on the example of the warm lateral surface of the globoidal worm gears. In thefirst presented method the external program, that generates the script commands forAutoCAD system and lets generate the points of the globoid helix, was used. In thefollowing two methods to model helixes, the possibilities of CATIA were used: creatingthe graph of two-dimension functions and comprising them into tree-dimension functionand kinematic simulation, as well. In the globoid helix the pitch variation is included.Findings: The described methodologies are universal and allow to generate the globoidlateral-surface of worm on the basis of wormwheel constructional assumption andtaken tooth profile. The advantages of CAD systems and their usefulness in the globoidworm gear designing are highlighted in the article.Research limitations/implications: The main problem concerned the method No.3 that uses a kinematic simulation of CATIA. The number of simulation “frame” is thelimitation.Practical implications: The proper modeling of worm gear geometry in CAD allows toanalyse the geometric cooperation, strength (by the finite element method), or to makea prototype for the preliminary tests with using of the rapid prototyping techniques.Originality/value: All three presented methods are innovative and allow to provide acorrectly modeled globoid surface as a basis to create a complete model of the globoidworm.
Investigation and prevention of the
residues formed in melting furnaces
and transfer ladles used in low-pressure
Al-casting technologies
Authors: Yay B. , Akinci E. , Güneren A. , Karaali U. , Çubuklusu H.E. , Çe B.
Published: August 2017

Purpose: Refractory life, in Al-casting processes such as alloy wheel production, is obviously affected by the inclusions formed in the transfer ladles and holding/melting furnaces in which melting, fluxing and degassing operations are carried out. The short refractory life affects, adversely, the economical aspect of the process. Therefore, a study on the physical and chemical properties of the above mentioned inclusions has been started. The main purpose of the study is to understand the relationships among the metallurgical processes taking place during casting, properties of the refractories used and the formation of inclusions.Design/methodology/approach: During this industry-university joint study, experimental studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and optical microscopy were used to investigate the nature and properties of the inclusions. Also, corrosion behaviour of six different refractories was investigated by exposing them to molten aluminium.
Contemporary aesthetic restorative
dental composite materials
Authors: Malara P. , Świderski W.
Published: August 2017

Purpose: This is a review paper that gives an insight into the most popular group ofaesthetic dental materials - dental composite materials. This article describes the historicalbackground, the main features of this group of materials, the cathegorization of the materialsin relation to clinical applications and the polymerization proces.Design/methodology/approach: This review is based on the contemporary scientificliterature most relevant to the topic. The literature search has been made in Elsevier -Science Direct.Findings: Light-curing dental composites exhibit some resemblance to the constructionof the hard tissues of the tooth. They also consist of two basic components. These are:an organic matrix and an inorganic filler. The third component, which is regularly added, isso-called binding agent. According to the composition of the materials they make a goodchoice for aesthetic restoration in natural dentition.Practical implications: In the clinical observations there are many complications resultingfrom inadequate polymerization of composite materials. This may be the result of poorquality of curing lights of a very low intensity, too long distance between the tip of the lampand the surface of the material or improper exposure timeOriginality/value: Dental composite materials are the only group of dental materialsin which these features are combined together, ensuring naturally looking final effect ofthe restoration. Easy handling of the dental composite materials together with effectivepolymerization process with portable light units make these materials a good choice forclinical use.
Enhancing bio-gas production from kitchen
waste using BSA-iron oxide nanoparticles
in miniature level bio-reactor
Authors: Prabhahar R.S.S. , Vignesh N.
Published: August 2017

Purpose: This study focuses on increasing production of biogas as an alternative energyfrom biodegradable wastes (BWs) using BSA coated iron oxides nanoparticles, in view ofsolving waste management at household level. Many attempts have been performed in orderto increase biogas production, including thermal pre-treatment of organic waste, but all ofthem present limited industrial applications. Iron has been shown to enhance anaerobicdigestion, but there are severe drawbacks for introducing the metal ion in an anaerobicclosed reactor.Design/methodology/approach: Process for the production of biogas from biodegradablematerial which comprises the steps of: (a) adding the biodegradable material to the Bioreactor,(b) inoculating the microorganisms in the digester,(c) synthesis iron oxides and BSApowder coated on the particles (d) adding a colloidal solution of surface-modified BSA-ironoxide nanoparticles to the reactor; (e) providing anaerobic conditions; (f) carrying out theanaerobic digestion; and (g) collecting the biogas, wherein the steps (a), (b) and (c) can becarried out in any order. It also comprises the use of BSA-iron oxide nanoparticles capableof supplying Fe ions to the media for biogas production in anaerobic conditions and in thepresence of Fe ions in the media.
Conditions of steady arc ignition in vacuum
and hollow cathode operational life
Authors: Ferdinandov N.V. , Gospodinov D.D.
Published: August 2017

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to determine the conditions of steady arc ignition invacuum and the effect some of the main operating parameters have on the life of tantalumfoilhollow cathodes.Design/methodology/approach: The experiments presented in this paper have beencarried out with equipment for vacuum hollow cathode arc processing similar to whatis used in the industry. In order to find out if steady arc ignition is possible, a two-levelfactorial experiment has been conducted helping to establish the corresponding regressiondependency between the factors examined and the starting parameter values. The evaluationof hollow cathode operational life is based on three criteria: indirectly, considering their erosion[μ]; establishing possible damage on their surface which leads to plasma-forming gas leakageand makes the arc unsteady; taking into account the critical change in the cathode shape.Findings: It has been established that when a multi-stage arc torch is using the necessaryminimum amount of the plasma-forming gas for Ø 3.5-mm-diameter hollow cathodes isQAr=0/3 l/h, and, for Ø 6.0-mm-diameter hollow cathodes, it is QAr=2.4 l/h. It has beenestablished that the operational life of tantalum hollow cathodes can be and even exceed3 hours. Of all the parameters that have been studied, vacuum level has the most negativeeffect. It has been confirmed that tantalum-foil hollow cathodes are suitable mainly forcurrent intensity values of about 120 A.Practical implications: The results of the research allow: guaranteed hollow cathode arcignition regardless of its diameter at the working levels of plasma forming gas; the choiceof operating modes ensures the implementation of processes of varying lengths without theneed for premature replacement of the hollow cathode.Originality/value: This paper presents the results showing the conditions necessary forsteady arc ignition in vacuum with a hollow cathode of the following diameters: Ø 3.5 mmand Ø 6 mm. The effect of some of the main working parameters on the operational life ofhollow cathodes made of tantalum foil is also studied
Microstructure, microhardness and tensile
properties of FSWed DP 800 steel
Authors: Kucukomeroglu T. , Aktarer S.M.
Published: August 2017

Purpose: Dual phase (DP) steels are widely used in the automotive industry due to
their properties of a high balance of strength and formability. However, it is known that
conventional welding of high strength steel leads to some undesirable results such as
hardness decrease in the heat affected zone. Friction stir welding (FSW) is a new solid state
joining method, which is used to join these steels due to its advantage of low heat input.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the microstructural change and mechanical properties
of friction stir welded DP800 steel.
Design/methodology/approach: DP 800 steels with 1.5 mm thickness were subjected
to friction stir welding, by using a tungsten carbide (WC) tool. The tool was tilted 2°, and
downforce of the tool was kept constant at 6 kN. During processing, the tool rotation and
traverse speed were fixed at 1600 rpm and 170 mm∙min-1, respectively.
Findings: The friction stir welded region comprises martensite, bainite, refined ferrite.
The average microhardness of stir zone has increased from 260 HV0.2 to about 450 HV0.2.
The tensile sample shows a decrease in the ultimate tensile strength (σUTS) about 3%, from
827 MPa to 806 MPa for the joint. The yield strength (YS) of the joint is about 566 MPa and
the value is near that of DP800.
Research limitations/implications: The tungsten carbide tool used for the friction stir
welding has suffered deterioration in the pin profile after 1 meter welding operation. It may
be advisable to drill a pre-hole in the specimens for a longer tool life.
Practical implications: Tool wear for industrial applications will be a major problem.
Therefore, the use of tools with high wear resistance such as polycrystalline cubic boron
nitride may be recommended.
Originality/value: Works on friction stir welding of dual phase steels are limited and they
mostly focus on spot welding. Also, this study systematically investigates the microstructure
and mechanical properties of dual-phase 800 steels after the friction stir welding.
Development of ice abrasive waterjet
cutting technology
Authors: Valentinčič J. , Lebar A. , Sabotin I. , Drešar P. , Jerman M.
Published: August 2017

Purpose: Abrasive water jet (AWJ) cutting uses mineral abrasive to cut practically all
materials. In ice abrasive water jet (IAWJ) cutting, the ice particles are used as abrasive.
IAWJ is under development with the aim to bridge the gap in productivity between the
abrasive water jet (AWJ) and water jet (WJ) cutting. It is clean and environmentally friendlier
in comparison with AWJ, while its cutting efficiency could be better than WJ.
Design/methodology/approach: The main challenge is to provide very cold and
thus hard ice particles in the cutting zone, thus cooling the water under high pressure is
utilized. Further on, two approaches to obtain ice particles in the water are studied, namely
generation of ice particles in the cutting head and generation of ice particles outside of the
cutting head and adding them to the jet similar as in AWJ technology. In this process it is
essential to monitor and control the temperature occurring in the system.
Findings: To have ice particles with suitable mechanical properties in the cutting process,
the water have to be precooled, ice particles generated outside the cutting head and
later added to the jet. The results show that, contrary to the common believe, the water
temperature is not significantly changed when passing through the water nozzle.
Research limitations/implications: The presence of ice particles was only indirectly
identified. In the future, a special high speed camera will be used to study the influence of
process parameters on ice particle distribution.
Practical implications: IAWJ technology produces much less sludge (waste abrasive and
removed workpiece material mixed with water) than AWJ technology which is beneficial in
e.g. disintegration of nuclear power plants. IAWJ technology has also great potential in the
food and medical industries for applications, where bacteria growth is not desired.
Originality/value: The paper presents the latest achievements of IAWJ technology.
Surface topology of friction pairs
of A390.0 alloys
Authors: Wieszała R. , Piątkowski J. , Stanik Z. , Roszak M. , Pakieła W.
Published: August 2017

Purpose: In the paper, geometric structure of the surface of A390.0 alloy, manufactured
using various methods are presented, in combination with EN-GJL-350 cast alloy, which
corresponds to parameters used in combustion engines.
Design/methodology/approach: Alloy after a modification with CuP10 master alloy and
overheating to 920°C for 30 min was analysed, and the results were compared with those
of the material without overheating. Roughness studies allowed for defining the influence of
technological history on the wear parameters of the alloy.
Findings: Analysis of result shows that all investigated properties were improved.
Significant differences between the analysed materials were proved during the analysis of
friction coefficient and surface topography of wear track.
Research limitations/implications: The application of modified by CuP10 aluminium
alloy allows to improve parameters such as friction coefficient and wear rate. This property’s
causes that this new modified material can be used in many applications where the aim is
to reduce friction coefficient as well as wear rate.
Practical implications: Improvement the tribological properties as well as reducing
the coefficient of friction makes these materials may be used in many applications in the
automotive industry such as engine cylinder, engine blocks, etc..
Originality/value: Influence of aluminium modification on chosen tribological properties
and friction coefficient have been investigated.
EVALUATION OF REGIONAL DIVERSIFICATION IN SOWN AREA STRUCTURE IN THE CONTEXT OF IMPACT ON THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Matyka Mariusz
Published: August 2017

In recent years many important changes have taken place in Polish agriculture. The aim of the paper was to determine the diversity of the structure of sown area in the voivodships and its potential impact on the natural environment. Crop diversity was assessed by using the Shannon-Wiener (H) index. With the Pielou (J) index was also analyzed crop uniformity of the area under each species in sown area. The analysis shows that the least varied sowing area structure is characterized by Opolskie, Dolnośląskie and Podlaskie voivodships. On the other hand, the highest values of the assessed indicators were noted in the Świętokrzyskie, Lubuskie, Warmińsko-Mazurskie and Lubelskie voivodships. The cluster analysis allowed for the separation of three homogenous groups of voivodships. In the cluster I was the Opolskie, Dolnośląskie and Opolskie voivodships, which are characterized by the least environmentally-friendly structure of sown area. In cluster II was the largest number of voivodships characterized by indirect values of the assessed indicators. In the cluster III were Lubelskie, Świetokrzyskie, Warmińsko-Mazurskie, Wielkopolskie and Lubuskie voivodships, which had the highest values of evaluated parameters.
COOPERATIVES AS ONE OF THE FORMS OF THE SOCIAL MARKET
ECONOMY
Authors: Mierzwa Dominika , Jankiewicz Sławomir
Published: August 2017

The aim of the paper was to show the value of social activities in the age of globalization of markets
and to demonstrate that businesses of this type are needed in the economy. The article is a theoretical
speculation based on of the authors’ own observations as well as on the opinions of cooperatives and
scientists. Despite a decrease in interest in the Polish cooperative sector, its affiliates represent a strong
association represented by 8 million members and about 2 thousand of cooperative entities. The united
nature of the cooperative and the dedication of its members place those enterprises in the social economy.
These entities proved to be able to effectively meet the new and existing needs of society.
REGIONAL ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN THE PIG POPULATION IN POLAND
IN 1960-2015
Authors: Pepliński Benedykt
Published: August 2017

The aim of the study was a regional analysis of changes in the population and stock of pigs in the
years 1960-2015 at the voivodship level and in the years 1996-2010 at the district level. The analysis at
the voivodship level was divided into two periods, which indicated the acceleration of polarization of the
stock level in Poland. This is indicated by the growing share of voivodships and districts with the highest
population and stock of pig in total population.
SERVICES OF GENERAL INTEREST IN THE EVALUATIONS OF LOCAL
COMMUNITIES
Authors: Satoła Łukasz
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the perception of services of general interest by the inhabitants
of local communities. The research material was the result of a survey conducted in 24 municipalities.
Despite the differences in the level of satisfaction of residents with public services, their opinions in general
have provided a good response to public needs. Education services were the highest ratings, while the
sewage infrastructure was rated the worst. The results also confirmed that the level of satisfaction of public
service needs determines to a large extent the performance of local authorities.
THE LEVEL OF CONSUMER AWARENESS OF RURAL AREAS
IN THE BANKING SERVICES MARKET ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE RURAL
POPULATION OF THE MAŁOPOLSKIE VOIVODSHIP
Authors: Szafrańska Monika
Published: August 2017

The aim of the study was to determine and characterise the level of knowledge of consumer rights in the banking
services market in the group of rural population of Malopolskie Voivodship and to identify selected socio-demographic
factors determining this level. The main source of the data used for the analysis and the applications were the primary
information obtained from personal research. The research was done by using PAPI method in 2016 on the group of
370 people. The interview was conducted with the inhabitants of the Małopolskie province. In the study a deliberate
selection of the sample was applied. The statistical analysis of the studied material encompassed aggregate statistical
indicators as well as the non-parametric test χ2. According to the analysis, the level of knowledge of consumer rights
in the respondent group was low. Most respondents claim that their knowledge in this area is insufficient. There was a
diversity of responses of respondents depending on age, education and main source of income. The presented research
results indicate that the current way of promoting financial knowledge conducted by various entities in our country
is not effective enough.
Wybór współmałżonka – aspekt zadaniowy, ewolucjonistyczny i planowy
Authors: Juroszek Weronika
Published: August 2017

In this paper the author analyses the developmental, evolutionary and planning aspects of spouse
choice. The work refers to Robert Havighurst’s developmental tasks theory, Tadeusz Mądrzycki’s
personality theory and the evolutionary psychology theory. According to Havighurst’s theory,
failure to achieve such an important developmental task as spouse choice makes the man unhappy,
which in turn makes the following developmental tasks even more difficult. Spouse choice should
not only be a decree of faith but also a conscious task. The planning aspect of spouse choice is
analysed referring to Mądrzycki’s theory, considering such life plans features as the essence,
importance degree, conformity to social norms, realism or minuteness of detail. From the
evolutionary psychology theory perspective, the short woman’s fertility time has a serious
consequence – little time for spouse choice.
FINANCIAL EFFICIENCY OF COOPERATIVE BANKS LED BY
WOMEN IN POLAND
Authors: Juszczyk Sławomir , Idasz-Balina Marta
Published: August 2017

The main objective of the study was to determine whether the fact that the chairpersons of the
boards of cooperative banks in Poland are women, it affects the financial performance of these banks. The
study used data for the years 2010-2014 from 40 cooperative banks in Poland. In the course of the study,
it was found that the banks managed by women are significantly smaller than men’s managed banks, and
hence the financial result is generally lower. However, the financial performance ratios in these banks
were generally higher. Smaller banks are generally in rural areas, and banks with a larger total balance
sheet are usually located in urban areas.
Academic freedom and the ethical value of thinking
Authors: Sosnowska Paulina
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this article is to analyse the changes in the conditions of academic freedom that
occurred over the last several decades and to point out the possible ramifications of those
changes. Firstly, the author begins by depicting the origins and the meaning of the neohumanistic
modern idea of academic freedom and with outlining some of its paradoxes and limitations.
Secondly, the classical neohumanistic concept of academic freedom is juxtaposed with new
premises of economic neoliberalism, as diagnosed by Michel Foucault. Also the consequences
of economic legitimisation of political order for academic freedom are drawn. Ultimately, the
author concentrates on the results of economic limitations of freedom for free thinking and its
relationship with human moral judgements.