bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global well‐posedness for the three‐dimensional incompressible viscous nonresistive magnetohydrodynamics equations in an infinite slab
Authors: Zhao Youyi
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we investigate the global well‐posedness of the system of incompressible viscous nonresistive magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) fluids in a three‐dimensional horizontally infinite slab with finite height. We reformulate our analysis to Lagrangian coordinates and then develop a new mathematical approach to establish global well‐posedness of the MHD system, which requires no nonlinear compatibility conditions on the initial data.
Sympathomimetic increases resting energy expenditure following bariatric surgery: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Rebello Candida J. , Greenway Frank L. , Zhang Dachuan , Johnson William D. , Patterson Emma , Raum William
Published: March 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that ephedrine + caffeine (EC) reduces the fall in resting energy expenditure (REE) following bariatric surgery.

Methods

This 32‐week, randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled trial included 142 patients who underwent Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG) surgery. Participants were randomized to either EC or placebo for 27 weeks, beginning 5 weeks post surgery. The primary end points were change in REE (measured), percentage of predicted REE ([measured REE/Harris‐Benedict equation‐predicted REE] × 100), and body composition. Secondary outcomes included change in percentage of weight. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded.

Results

The reduction in REE was smaller in the EC versus the placebo group, but it was not significant. Percentage of predicted REE was increased in the EC versus the placebo group (difference, mean [SE]: 5.82 [2.29], p = 0.013). Percentage of weight (difference: −3.83 [1.39], p = 0.007) was reduced in the EC versus the placebo group. Percentage of predicted REE was increased and body weight decreased in the EC‐treated participants who underwent SG compared with those who underwent SG and were treated with placebo (difference in percentage of predicted REE = 8.06 [2.83], p = 0.006; difference in weight percentage = −4.37 [1.92], p = 0.025). Percentage of fat‐free mass was increased in the SG participants treated with EC versus placebo (difference: 1.31 [0.63], p = 0.042). The most common AEs were anxiety, dizziness, insomnia, and tremors. Most AEs were not different from placebo by Week 32.

Conclusions

EC enhances weight loss and reduces the fall in REE following bariatric surgery. Adrenergic symptoms mostly resolve over time.
The neo‐regulation of internet platforms in the United Kingdom
Authors: Schlesinger Philip
Published: March 2022

In 2020, a new platform‐regulatory model was initiated in the United Kingdom. The main focus of this article is on the development of the Digital Regulators Cooperation Forum (DRCF), set up to regulate the continually changing challenges posed by major platforms. The British model has drawn on UK competition regulation, collegial governance of international banking, and international ‘agile’ regulation debates. The backdrop to this ‘neo‐regulatory' development has been Brexit (the UK's withdrawal from the European Union). In late 2021, for the first time, the DRCF became a serious focus of parliamentary scrutiny, with recommendations for reform. Assessment of its effectiveness now largely awaits the enactment of statutory powers by the UK Parliament regarding first, ‘online harms’, and second, the use of pro‐competitive regulation in digital markets. Whether the DRCF's model will have exemplary appeal beyond the United Kingdom is an open question.
Protective effects of functional foods against Parkinson's disease: A narrative review on pharmacology, phytochemistry, and molecular mechanisms
Authors: Iranshahy Milad , Javadi Behjat , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: March 2022

In Persian Medicine (PM), PD (brain‐based tremor) is a known CNS disorder with several therapeutic and preventive options. In their medical textbooks and pharmacopeias, Persian great scientists such as Rhazes (854–925 AD), Avicenna (980–1037 AD), and Jorjani (1042–1136 AD), have discussed pharmacological and nutritional strategies for the prevention, slowing progression, and treatment of PD. In the present study, we surveyed plant‐ and animal‐based foods recommended by PM for the prevention and treatment of CNS‐related tremors. In vivo and in‐vitro pharmacological evidence supporting the beneficial effects of PM‐recommended foods in prevention and alleviating PD, major active phytochemicals along with the relevant mechanisms of action were studied. Several PM plants possess potent antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and PD preventing properties. Garlic and allicin, cabbage and isothiocyanates, chickpea seed and its O‐methylated isoflavones biochanin A and formononetin, cinnamon, and cinnamaldehyde, saffron and its crocin, crocetin, and safranal, black cumin and its thymoquinone, black pepper and piperine, pistachio and genistein and daidzein, and resveratrol are among the most effective dietary itemsagainst PD. They act through attenuating neurotoxin‐induced memory loss and behavioral impairment, oxidative stress, and dopaminergic cell death. PM‐recommended foods can help alleviate PD progression and also discovering and developing new neuroprotective anti‐PD pharmaceuticals.
Partial least squares regression models to predict contaminant concentrations during high or low flow of coal mine‐affected rivers
Authors: Jones Catherine E. , Vicente‐Beckett Victoria , Chapman James , Cozzolino Daniel
Published: March 2022

Exploratory analysis of existing multivariate river water datasets can provide useful insights during river basin research and can be used to identify important environmental variables and data suitable for concentration prediction models. In this work, a large dataset pertaining to coal mining areas of the Fitzroy River Basin, Australia, was used to demonstrate principal component analysis and partial least squares regression (PLS) modelling. In this example, a strong association between variables confirmed that that sodium was a major ion responsible for electrical conductivity across this vast river basin (PC‐1). Suspected effects of dilution, evapoconcentration, and the influence of anthropogenic inputs on concentrations of nitrogen, sulfate and dissolved metals were also elucidated (PC‐2 and PC‐3). PLS models of a Comet, Nogoa, Mackenzie Rivers‐subset indicated turbidity, dissolved Fe, total Ni, Co and Mn concentrations were not as variable during high flow as during low flow. Conductivity, sulfate and sodium concentrations were negatively correlated (>|0.7|) with total suspended solids (TSS) and several total and dissolved metals during both river conditions. Dissolved Al and Fe had a strong inverse relationship with total Fe and total Co concentrations during high flow. These relationships can be investigated further during future targeted monitoring and analysis. This work provided detailed methodology for development of concentration predictions models for parameters of environmental interest. Specifically, TestSet validated PLS models for dissolved Al (± 5.6 μg/L) and TSS (± 4.6 mg/L), and random Cross Validation models for TSS concentration (± 4.0 mg/L) during low flow and (± 3.5 mg/L) during high flow were produced.
Effect of MgO Promoter on the Structure, Performance and Carbon Deposition of Ni‐Al2O3 Catalyst for CO Methanation Based‐on Slurry‐bed Reactor
Authors: Huang Xian‐Jin , Mo Wen‐Long , Zou Meng , Ma Feng‐Yun , Ren Tie‐Zhen , Zhao Jian‐Zhang , Zhao Tian‐Sheng
Published: March 2022

A series of Ni/MgO‐Al2O3 catalysts with different MgO abundance were prepared by mechanochemical method for CO methanation based‐on slurry‐bed reactor. The prepared catalysts were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), H2 temperature‐programmed reduction (H2‐TPR), N2 adsorption‐desorption, thermogravimetric analysis (TG‐DTG) and temperature‐programmed hydrogenation (TPH) techniques, and CO methanation performance evaluation was carried out for the samples. Results showed that the catalyst with MgO loading of 2 wt.% (Ni/MgO(2)‐Al2O3) presented smaller Ni grain size of 9.64 nm and larger specific surface area of 329 m2 ⋅ g−1, indicating that a well dispersion of active component on the catalyst. Evaluation results showed that Ni/MgO(2)‐Al2O3 could improve the activity of catalyst for CO methanation. Carbon deposition analysis, from TG‐DTG characterization, found that MgO could significantly inhibit the formation of carbon deposition in the reaction process. The amount of carbon deposition on Ni/MgO(2)‐Al2O3 was the least, only 6.5 %, and the deposited carbon was consisted with the results obtained from TPH analysis. Kinetic analysis showed that the carbon removal reaction mainly occurred at the stage of 250–550 °C. And the activation energy from carbon removal reaction for Ni/MgO(2)‐Al2O3 was lower to 13.12 kJ/mol, demonstrating that the catalyst with MgO as additive is more beneficial to anti‐carbon ability.
Criticism as asynchronous collaboration: An example from social science research
Authors: Gelman Andrew
Published: March 2022

I discuss a published paper in political science that made a claim that aroused skepticism. The reanalysis is an example of how we, as consumers as well as producers of science, can engage with published work. This can be viewed as a sort of collaboration performed implicitly between the authors of a published paper and later researchers who want to understand or use the published work.
Nanocomposite Starch Films: A New Approach for Biodegradable Packaging Materials
Authors: Chavan Prafull , Sinhmar Archana , Sharma Somesh , Dufresne Alain , Thory Rahul , Kaur Maninder , Sandhu Kawaljit Singh , Nehra Manju , Nain Vikash
Published: March 2022

The growing interest in nano‐starch materials offers the opportunity to develop biomaterials for distinctive use in food, medicine, cosmetics, and other fields. The conceptual framework about the various changes in the properties of starch‐based films after incorporation of nano starch particles are reported. Starch‐based packaging films have not been widely used in the packaging industry, mainly because of their poor mechanical, barrier, and processing properties. To overcome such drawbacks, starch films are often made by integrating other filler materials such as nanoparticles into the starch matrix. The inclusion of starch nanoparticles in composite films leads to an overall change in the physicochemical, functional, and mechanical properties of the films. The nanocomposite films show novel features such as low solubility, reduced water vapor transmission rate, nontoxicity, and biodegradability thus making it a promising material for food and nonfood applications.
Chimps observed delivering wound care
Authors: Mills Georgina
Published: March 2022

Georgina Mills reports on research suggesting that chimpanzees use insects to treat their wounds
Suspected pulmonary oedema development in a pig following general anaesthesia and the associated complications encountered during a subsequent general anaesthetic
Authors: Walters Kate , Brearley Jacqueline , Baptista Andre , Po Eleonora
Published: March 2022

An 85 kg, 6‐year‐old pig presenting with stranguria was anaesthetised for computed tomography and cystotomy. During this anaesthetic, bradyarrhythmias occurred twice, both responding to medical intervention. A cystotomy tube was placed but the removal of one urethrolith was not possible. Recovery from anaesthesia was uneventful. During hospitalisation, the animal's respiratory rate and effort increased, with crackles on thoracic auscultation. As this responded to antibiotics and a reduction in intravenous fluid therapy, the pig underwent a second anaesthetic for a percutaneous cystolithotomy to remove the urethrolith. On induction of anaesthesia, clear fluid was visible in the oropharynx. This was removed by suction but after intubation large volumes flowed from the respiratory tract via the endotracheal tube. The pig's condition was stabilised during the anaesthetic with intravenous furosemide and intermittent positive‐pressure ventilation. Surgery was completed and the animal recovered from anaesthesia. Postoperatively the pig developed severe dyspnoea and cardiopulmonary arrest.
One dimensional gapped quantum phases and enriched fusion categories
Authors: Kong Liang , Wen Xiao-Gang , Zheng Hao
Published: March 2022

Abstract

In this work, we use Ising chain and Kitaev chain to check the validity of an earlier proposal in arXiv:2011.02859 that enriched fusion (higher) categories provide a unified categorical description of all gapped/gapless quantum liquid phases, including symmetry-breaking phases, topological orders, SPT/SET orders and CFT-type gapless quantum phases. In particular, we show explicitly that, in each gapped phase realized by these two models, the spacetime observables form a fusion category enriched in a braided fusion category such that its monoidal center is trivial. We also study the categorical descriptions of the boundaries of these models. In the end, we obtain a classification of and the categorical descriptions of all 1-dimensional (spatial dimension) gapped quantum phases with a bosonic/fermionic finite onsite symmetry.
A comprehensive investigation of abrasive barrel finishing on hardness and manufacturability of laser-based powder bed fusion hollow components
Authors: Khorasani Mahyar , Ghasemi Amir Hossein , Farabi Ehsan , Leary Martin , Gibson Ian , Rolfe Bernard
Published: March 2022

One of the main issues of laser-based powder bed fusion (LB-PBF) parts is surface quality and dimensional deviations, which require post-processing. Conventional post-processing such as turning and milling cannot machine internal surfaces and therefore is not suitable for hollow components. In this paper, Ti–6Al–4 V components with different hollow shapes were printed by LB-PBF and post-processed by centrifugal barrel finishing (CBF). Samples were printed based on Taguchi L18 design of experiments (DoE) on the (L18: 21 × 33) matrix and polished in abrasive solution by porcelain triangular media 2 × 2 mm. The effect of process parameters including rotation direction, speed, time and volumetric percentage of abrasive on hardness and manufacturability, including surface quality, material removal rate (MRR) and dimensional deviation, are discussed. The novelty of this work is the application of this process to clean both the internal and external surfaces of LB-PBF parts, where previously it has only been investigated for external surfaces. This paper scrutinized the performance of the CBF on internal geometries, and it was shown for the size of the investigated components, the hexagonal hollow achieved the highest maximum removal rate over the square and circular hollows. In addition, the effect of CBF on plastic deformation and microstructural characterization has been investigated to find the effect of this process on work hardening. The results of this study also show that the rotational speed and the volumetric percentage of the abrasive directly drive the MRR. A higher rotational speed increases the slope of the sliding path and the sliding speed between printed parts and abrasive media, which causes higher cutting and grinding, MRR and media wear rate.
Temporal expression of defence and susceptibility genes and tospovirus accumulation in capsicum chlorosis virus-infected capsicum
Authors: Borges Naito Fernanda Yuri , Widana Gamage Shirani Manel Kumari , Mitter Neena , Dietzgen Ralf Georg
Published: March 2022

Yolo Wonder (YW) and Warlock (W), two capsicum cultivars that are susceptible to capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV), were compared in terms of symptom development, tospovirus accumulation, and host gene expression during the first 12 days post infection (dpi). Temporal expression of selected early CaCV-response genes was used to gain insights into plant-virus interactions and to identify potential targets for CaCV control. Symptoms developed faster in YW during the first seven days of infection, while systemic symptoms were similar in both cultivars at 10 and 12 dpi. CaCV accumulation was higher in YW at 7 dpi despite a lower titre at 3 dpi. At 12 dpi, virus accumulation was similar for both cultivars. Symptom development appears to be correlated to virus accumulation over time for both cultivars. Chalcone synthase (CHS), cytochrome P450 (CYP), and tetraspanin 8-like (TSP8) genes followed a similar expression pattern over time in both cultivars. The thionin gene showed increased expression in CaCV-infected plants at 12 dpi. The WRKY40 gene showed significant differential expression at all time points in YW, but only at 12 dpi in W. The strongest correlation of temporal gene expression and virus titre was seen for CYP, TSP8, thionin, and WRKY40. CHS and CYP may be involved in symptom development, and TSP8 may be involved in virus movement. CHS, CYP, and TSP8 may be good targets for future overexpression or silencing studies to clarify their functions during virus infection and, potentially, for control of CaCV in capsicum.
Dynamic PVT model for CO2-EOR black-oil simulations
Authors: Sandve Tor Harald , Sævareid Ove , Aavatsmark Ivar
Published: March 2022

A well-planned CO2EOR operation can help meet an ever-increasing need for energy and at the same time reduce the total CO2 footprint from the energy production. Good simulation studies are crucial for investment decisions where increased oil recovery is optimized and balanced with permanent CO2 storage. It is common to use a compositional simulator for CO2 injection to accurately calculate the PVT properties of the mixture of oil and CO2. Compositional simulations have significantly increased simulation time compared to blackoil simulations. Large simulation studies where many simulations are used either to represent uncertainty and/or optimize the results can thus be unpractical. On the other hand existing blackoil formulations often poorly represent the PVT properties of the oil-CO2 mixtures. We therefore present an extended blackoil formulation with dynamic blackoil properties that depends on the fraction of CO2 in the cell. These properties represents the density and viscosity of the hydrocarbon - CO2 mixture more accurately and thus give results closer to the compositional simulator. The dynamic blackoil functions are calculated from numerical slim-tube experiments based on one-dimensional equation-of-state (EOS) simulations. The same simulations also gives estimates of the minimum-miscibility pressure (MMP). We present examples based on data from the Fifth Comparative Solution Project: Evaluation of Miscible Flood Simulators, but uses CO2 as the injection gas. These examples shows that the new blackoil model gives results that are closer to compositional simulations compared to existing blackoil formulations. The model is implemented in the Flow simulator. The Flow simulator is developed as part of the open porous media (OPM) project and is an openly developed and free reservoir simulator that is capable of simulating industry relevant reservoir models with similar single and parallel performance as commercial simulators.
Direct simulation vs subgrid scale modelling of fluid flow in fractured or fracturing porous media
Authors: Hageman T. , de Borst R.
Published: March 2022

The accuracy and the limits of validity of the discontinuous pressure model, which describes fluid flow inside a fracture using a subgrid scale approach, is assessed by comparing simulation results with those from direct simulation using Stokes flow. While the subgrid scale approach assumes a unidirectional flow, the Stokes model includes both velocity components. This is at the cost of meshing the interior of the fracture, which is here achieved through a spline-based mesh generation scheme. This scheme explicitly couples the spline representing the discontinuity to the fracture mesh and thereby alleviates the (re)meshing requirements for the interior of the fracture. The subgrid model and the direct simulation of Stokes flow approaches are compared by simulating a typical case containing a pressurised fracture, highlighting the advantages of using a subgrid model for the range in which its assumptions are valid, and showing its capabilities to accurately include the influence of the fracture on the porous material even outside this range.
How Do Children Socially Learn from Narrative Fiction: Getting the Lesson, Simulating Social Worlds, or Dialogic Inquiry?
Authors: Gasser Luciano , Dammert Yvonne , Murphy P. Karen
Published: March 2022

Educators read narrative fiction with children not only to promote their literacy skills, but also to support their sociomoral development. However, different approaches strongly diverge in their explanations and recommended instructional activities. Informed by theoretical understandings of reader-text transactions, this integrative review presents three different conceptions about how children learn socially from narrative fiction. The first approach explains sociomoral learning through narrative fiction by children’s extraction and internalization of the text’s moral message. The second approach refers to children’s training of mindreading and empathy as they become immersed in a fictional social world and imaginatively engage with the fictional characters’ perspectives. The third approach focuses on children’s social reasoning development through engagement in argumentative dialogues with peers about the complex sociomoral issues raised in narrative fiction. The article aims to theoretically position a wide range of literary programs to clarify their psychological foundations as well as critically discuss their strengths and limitations.
Advanced structural analysis of a laser additive manufactured Zr-based bulk metallic glass along the build height
Authors: Best James P. , Nomoto Keita , Yang Fan , Li Bosong , Stolpe Moritz , Zeng Luyang , Evenson Zach , Hugenschmidt Christoph , Li Xiaopeng , Ringer Simon P. , Kruzic Jamie J.
Published: March 2022

Additive manufacturing of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) has opened this material class to an exciting new range of potential applications, as bulk-scale, net-shaped amorphous components can be fabricated in a single step. However, there exists a critical need to understand the structural details of additive manufactured BMGs and how the glassy structure is linked to the mechanical properties. Here, we present a study of structure and property variations along the build height for a laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) processed Zr-based BMG with composition Zr59.3Cu28.8Nb1.5Al10.4 commercially termed AMZ4, using hardness testing, calorimetry, positron annihilation spectroscopy, synchrotron X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. A lower hardness, more rejuvenated glassy structure was found at the bottom of the build compared to the middle region of the build, with the structure and properties of the top region between the two. Such differences could not be attributed to variability in chemical composition or crystallisation; rather, the softer bottom region was found to have a larger medium range order cluster size, attributed to heat dissipation into the build plate during processing, which gave faster cooling rates and less reheating compared to the steady-state middle of the build. However, at the top of the build less reheating occurs compared to the middle, leading to a somewhat softer and less relaxed state.

Graphical abstract
Socio-cultural norms in ecological psychology: The education of intention
Authors: Segundo-Ortin Miguel
Published: March 2022

Although it is a common claim in the ecological psychology literature that our perception of the environment’s affordances is influenced by socio-cultural norms, an explanation of how this is possible remains to be offered. In this paper, I outline an account of this phenomenon by focusing on the ecological theory of perceptual learning. Two main theses are defended. First, I argue that to account for how socio-cultural norms can influence perception, we must pay attention not only to the education of attention but to the education of intention too. Consequently, I offer some ideas about how intention can be socio-normatively educated. Secondly, I hold that the education of intention occurs via the acquisition of habit-based preferences for particular actions. I claim that once we understand how these habit-based preferences relate to socio-cultural norms, the hypothesis that norms must be represented in the individual’s mind for them to influence affordance perception is no longer needed. If this hypothesis is on the right track, we can have an explanation for how perception can be normatively shaped and direct (non-mediated by internal representations and inferences) at the same time.
Mitigating bus bunching with real-time crowding information
Authors: Drabicki Arkadiusz , Kucharski Rafał , Cats Oded
Published: March 2022

A common problem in public transport systems is bus bunching, characterized by a negative feedback loop between service headways, number of boarding passengers and dwell times. In this study, we examine whether providing real-time crowding information (RTCI) at the stop regarding the two next vehicle departures can stimulate passengers to wait for a less-crowded departure, and thus alleviate the bunching effect. To this end, we leverage on results from own stated-preference survey and develop a boarding choice model. The model accounts for the presence of RTCI and is implemented within dynamic public transport simulation framework. Application to the case-study model of a major bus corridor in Warsaw (Poland) reveals that RTCI can induce a significant probability (30–70%) of intentionally skipping an overcrowded bus and waiting for a later departure instead. This behaviour, in turn, results in significantly lower vehicle headway and load variations, without deteriorations in total waiting utility. Overall, journey experience improves by 6%, and crucially—the prevalence of denial-of-boarding and excessive on-board overcrowding is substantially reduced, by ca. 40%. Results of our study indicate that the willingness to wait induced by RTCI can be a potential demand management strategy in counteracting bunching, with benefits already attainable at limited RTCI response rates.
Word processing difficulty and executive control interactively shape comprehension monitoring in a second language: an eye-tracking study
Authors: Hessel Annina K. , Schroeder Sascha
Published: March 2022

Successful reading comprehension—especially in a second language (L2)—relies on the ability to monitor one’s comprehension, that is, to notice comprehension breaks and make repairs. Comprehension monitoring may be limited given effortful word processing but may also be supported through active reading. The current study addresses to what extent word processing difficulty reduces adolescents’ ability to monitor their comprehension in their L2, and whether readers can compensate limitations given sufficient executive control. We conducted an eye-tracking experiment in which 34 adolescent L2 learners (aged 13–17 years) read short expository texts containing two within-subject manipulations. First, comprehension monitoring was tested through inconsistencies, for example, when the topic changed from Spanish to Russian vis-à-vis consistent controls. Second, word processing difficulty was altered by inserting either shorter and higher-frequency words such as want, or longer and lower-frequency words such as prefer. We additionally measured participants’ executive control. Outcome variables were reading times on the whole texts and the words manipulated for inconsistency and word processing difficulty. We found evidence of successful moment-to-moment monitoring, as visible in adolescents’ increased rereading of inconsistent compared to consistent information. We also found that adolescents adapted their monitoring differently to word processing difficulty, depending on their executive control: while adolescents with weaker control reduced their monitoring given higher word processing difficulty, adolescents with stronger control monitored their comprehension more (instead of less) on difficult texts. These findings provide insights into how L2 comprehension monitoring arises in the interplay of lower-level processing load and active reading processes.
Time-optimal and privacy preserving route planning for carpool policy
Authors: Zhu Congcong , Ye Dayong , Zhu Tianqing , Zhou Wanlei
Published: March 2022

To alleviate the traffic congestion caused by the sharp increase in the number of private cars and save commuting costs, taxi carpooling service has become the choice of many people. Current research on taxi carpooling services has focused on shortening the detour distances. While with the development of intelligent cities, efficiently match passengers and vehicles and planning routes become urgent. And the privacy between passengers in the taxi carpooling service also needs to be considered. In this paper, we propose a time-optimal and privacy-preserving carpool route planning system via deep reinforcement learning. This system uses the traffic information around the carpooling vehicle to optimize passengers’ travel time, not only to efficiently match passengers and vehicles but also to generate detailed route planning for carpooling vehicles. We conducted experiments on an Internet of Vehicles simulator CARLA, and the results demonstrate that our method is better than other advanced methods and has better performance in complex environments.
A Digital-Twin Methodology for the Non-destructive Certification of Lattice Structures
Authors: Almalki Abduladheem , Downing David , Lozanovski Bill , Tino Rance , Du Plessis Anton , Qian Ma , Brandt Milan , Leary Martin
Published: March 2022

Additively manufactured (AM) lattice structures are applied in high-value applications such as lightweight aerospace design and biomedical implants. However, uncertainties of the geometry of as-manufactured AM lattice structures results in uncertainties in the associated mechanical response. This research proposes a non-destructive digital-twin certification methodology that quantifies the functional response of individual strut elements (and associated statistical distributions) from x-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT) data for as-manufactured AM lattice structures. This methodology may be algorithmically applied, as is required for the cost-effective certification of high-value lattice structures. The proposed methodology is demonstrated for a digital twin of over 2000 strut elements within a Ti-6AI-4V lattice fabricated with laser-based powder bed fusion. This digital twin allows various geometric or functional analyses to be performed, and in this case is demonstrated by acquiring statistical distributions of the predicted critical buckling load as a function of the strut element build orientation.
Förderung diagnostischer Kompetenz im Rahmen der Ausbildung von Lehrkräften für die Primarschule – Eine Studie zum Erkennen von Stärken und Schwächen von Schülerinnen und Schülern am Beispiel von Größen
Authors: Philipp K. , Gobeli-Egloff I.
Published: March 2022

Diagnostische Kompetenz umfasst eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Fähigkeiten, die eine hohe Praxisrelevanz besitzen. Die Fähigkeit, Stärken und Schwächen von Schülerinnen und Schülern zu erkennen, wird insbesondere für die individuelle Förderung als fundamental betrachtet. Der diagnostische Prozess kann als Informationsverarbeitungsprozess verstanden werden, bei dem sowohl vorhandenes (fachbezogenes) Wissen als auch Informationen aus einer diagnostischen Situation aufeinander bezogen werden müssen, um Stärken und Schwächen von Schülerinnen und Schülern erkennen zu können. Ein Konzept zur Förderung dieser Teilfähigkeit diagnostischer Kompetenz am Beispiel Größen wurde im Rahmen einer Interventionsstudie mit angehenden Lehrkräften für die Primarschule (N = 181) hinsichtlich seiner Wirksamkeit quantitativ untersucht. Es zeigte sich, dass das Erkennen von Stärken und Schwächen durch die Intervention nachhaltig gefördert werden konnte. Die Art und die Nutzung von Informationen beim Diagnostizieren von Stärken und Schwächen von Schülerinnen und Schülern wurde in einer qualitativen Analyse schriftlicher Dokumente der Studierenden untersucht. Wesentliches Ergebnis der qualitativen Herangehensweise ist ein Kategoriensystem, das über die Art der verwendeten Informationen Aufschluss gibt, und möglicherweise auf weitere Inhaltsbereiche im Fach Mathematik übertragen werden kann. Insgesamt geben die Ergebnisse Hinweise auf den Erwerb diagnostischer Kompetenz.
Tissue-Material Integration and Biostimulation Study of Collagen Acellular Matrices
Authors: Quintero Sierra Lindsey Alejandra , Busato Alice , Zingaretti Nicola , Conti Anita , Biswas Reetuparna , Governa Maurizio , Vigato Enrico , Parodi Pier Camillo , Bernardi Paolo , Sbarbati Andrea , Conti Giamaica
Published: March 2022

Background:

Breast reconstruction after mastectomy using silicone implants is a surgical procedure that occasionally leads to capsular contracture formation. This phenomenon constitutes an important and persistent cause of morbidity, and no successful therapies are available to date. Recently, the use of acellular membranes as a protective material for silicone prostheses has been gaining attention due to their ability to prevent this adverse outcome. For this reason, the evaluation of the tissue-material integration and the induced biostimulation by acellular membranes results crucial. Evaluation of in vivo tissue integration and biostimulation induced by three different natural acellular collagen membranes.

Methods:

Scanning electron microscopy was performed to analyse the membrane porosity and cells-biomaterial interaction in vitro, both in dry and wet conditions. Adipose-derived stem cells were cultured in the presence of membranes, and the colonisation capacity and differentiation potential of cells were assessed. In vivo tests and ex vivo analyses have been performed to evaluate dermal integration, absorption degree and biostimulation induced by the evaluated membrane.

Results:

Analysis performed in vitro on the three different acellular dermal matrices evidenced that porosity and the morphological structure of membranes influence the liquid swelling ratio, affecting the cell mobility and the colonisation capacity. Moreover, the evaluated membranes influenced in different manner the adipose derived stem cells differentiation and their survival. In vivo investigation indicated that the absorption degree and the fluid accumulation surrounding the implant were membrane-dependent. Finally, ex vivo analysis confirmed the membrane-dependent behavior revealing different degree of tissue integration and biostimulation, such as adipogenic stimulation.

Conclusion:

The physico-chemical characteristics of the membranes play a key role in the biostimulation of the cellular environment inducing the development of well-organized adipose tissue.
Regularisation by regular noise
Authors: Gerencsér Máté
Published: March 2022

We show that perturbing ill-posed differential equations with (potentially very) smooth random processes can restore well-posedness—even if the perturbation is (potentially much) more regular than the drift component of the solution. The noise considered is of fractional Brownian type, and the familiar regularity condition $$\alpha >1-1/(2H)$$

α
>
1
-
1
/
(
2
H
)

is recovered for all non-integer $$H>1$$

H
>
1

.
Preparation and properties of T-ZnOw enhanced BCP scaffolds with double-layer structure by digital light processing
Authors: Pan Ming-Zhu , Hua Shuai-Bin , Wu Jia-Min , Yuan Xi , Deng Ze-Lin , Xiao Jun , Shi Yu-Sheng
Published: March 2022

Bone scaffolds require both good bioactivity and mechanical properties to keep shape and promote bone repair. In this work, T-ZnOw enhanced biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds with triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS)-based double-layer porous structure were fabricated by digital light processing (DLP) with high precision. Property of suspension was first discussed to obtain better printing quality. After sintering, T-ZnOw reacts with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) to form Ca19Zn2(PO4)14, and inhibits the phase transition to α-TCP. With the content of T-ZnOw increasing from 0 to 2 wt%, the flexural strength increases from 40.9 to 68.5 MPa because the four-needle whiskers can disperse stress, and have the effect of pulling out as well as fracture toughening. However, excessive whiskers will reduce the cure depth, and cause more printing defects, thus reducing the mechanical strength. Besides, T-ZnOw accelerates the deposition of apatite, and the sample with 2 wt% T-ZnOw shows the fastest mineralization rate. The good biocompatibility has been proved by cell proliferation test. Results confirmed that doping T-ZnOw can improve the mechanical strength of BCP scaffolds, and keep good biological property, which provides a new strategy for better bone repair.
Metaplastic breast carcinoma with invasive and high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ; a rare case with review of literature
Authors: Hammood Zuhair D. , Salih Abdulwahid M. , kakamad Fahmi H. , Salih Rawezh Q. , Mohammed Shvan H. , Sharif Hevi M. , Salih Karzan M.
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) represents a rare disease entity of a heterogeneous group of primary breast malignancies with an incidence of 0.25%–1% of all breast cancers. The current study aims to report a rare case of metaplastic breast carcinoma associated with invasive and high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ.

Case report:

A 42-year-old female presented with a right breast mass for nine months. Ultrasound examination revealed the whole breast to be enlarged by a complex mass occupying most of the lateral two-third of the breast, measuring (130 × 140mm). The mass was a mixture of a predominantly vascular solid component with cystic changes and haemorrhage. The patient underwent wide local excision.

Discussion:

There is a variation in the degree and type of metaplastic change leading to variable histopathologic subtypes, previously WHO classified MBC into two types, epithelial and mixed types, which further divides into many subtypes.

Conclusion:

This study reveals that metaplastic carcinoma can occur in association with invasive and high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ.

Highlights
What Every CEO Should Know About AI
Authors: Dörfler Viktor
Published: March 2022

Dr Viktor Dörfler combines his background in developing and implementing AI with scholarly research on knowledge and cultivating talent to address misconceptions about AI. The Element explains what AI can and cannot do, carefully delineating facts from beliefs or wishful thinking. Filled with examples, this practical Element provokes thinking. The purpose is to help CEOs figure out how to make the best use of AI, suggesting how to extract AI's greatest value through appropriate task allocation between human experts and AI. The author challenges the attribution of characteristics like understanding, thinking, and creativity to AI, supporting his argument with the ideas of the finest AI philosophers. He also discusses in depth one of the most sensitive AI-related topics: ethics. The readers are encouraged to make up their own minds about AI and draw their own conclusions rather than accepting opinions from people with vested interests or an agenda.
The power and limits of expertise: Swiss–Swedish linking of vehicle emission standards in the 1970s and 1980s
Authors: Näsman Mattias , Pitteloud Sabine
Published: March 2022

Recent decades have witnessed increased public concern about vehicle emissions and growing frustration with political inaction and business preferences for the status quo. This article provides historical perspective on such regulatory dynamics by analyzing the Swiss and the Swedish cases of vehicle emission governance in the1970s-1980s. Relying on archival documents detailing the policy process in both countries as well as on international regulatory arenas, the analysis focuses on political solutions for reducing the toxicity of vehicle emissions. It uncovers the influence of national as well as international business groups and the existence of the tension between various national ministries, arising from conflicting environmental and trade-related goals. Is also highlights the importance of different institutional settings in creating the expertise to explain the political outcomes. While the Swiss corporatist system gave a great deal of power to a variety of interest groups at each stage of the political process, the Swedish government invested significant resources in the creation of independent expertise and enjoyed a relative autonomy, despite the importance of the Swedish car industry. The analysis also assesses the importance of the Swiss–Swedish collaboration in overcoming certain obstacles and their contribution to the implementation of stricter regulations in Europe that ultimately occurred at the margins of the European Economic Community.
Dispute settlement, labor and environmental provisions in PTAs: When will business interests shift positions?
Authors: Cezar Rodrigo Fagundes
Published: March 2022

Some protrade business interests that are against hard enforcement of labor and environmental provisions in trade deals may end up eventually supporting it, while others stick to their initial opposition. Why? When will their positions change? The existing literature would expect protrade interests to be more or less in favor of non-trade issues in trade policies according to how dependent on the international economy they are. However, longitudinal variation in export- and import-dependence does not suffice to explain change of the sort I am interested in. I argue that the position of protrade business interests change as they accumulate experiences on the negotiation/ratification of trade deals. To probe that argument, I present two paired comparisons analyzing the position of protrade business interests as pertains to the use of sanctions to enforce labor and environmental provisions in preferential trade agreements (PTAs) signed by Canada and Australia, and by the United States (US) and European Union (EU) between 1993 and 2019. My analysis points to the overall plausibility of my hypothesis and to avenues for future research. The paper helps understand the political activity of business interests on trade and sustainable development and can shed new light on the politics behind the design of social and environmental provisions in PTAs.
iQiYi Video as a Source of Information on COVID-19 Vaccine: Content Analysis
Authors: Zhao Shanshan , Zhang Boquan , Chang Xiaohong
Published: March 2022

Objective:

This study aims to assess the contents of COVID-19 vaccine related videos available on iQiYi, which is a popular video website in mainland China.

Methods:

The phrases “新型冠状病毒疫苗”(COVID-19 vaccine) and “新冠疫苗”(the abbreviation of “新型冠状病毒疫苗” according to Chinese habits), were searched separately on iQiYi on July 1, 2021. The 200 most popular videos of each search were screened. Video content and characteristics were identified, extracted and independently rated against Global Quality Scale (GQS), Health on the Net Foundation Code of Conduct (HONCode) and DISCERN principle by the 2 authors.

Results:

A total of 90 videos, with a total of 1165596 views, 14498 likes, and 1450 forwards as well as 95 comments at the time of data collection were included in the study. The channels, sources, topics, and formats of the videos were diversified. The majority of videos received high scores on GQS and all the videos partly adhere to HONCode and DISCERN principle.

Conclusions:

Overall quality of information on iQiYi regarding COVID-19 vaccines remains good. However, existing evaluation tools cannot reflect the complexity of video websites. New and more effective tools or standards should be developed to help people understand the modern landscape of health communication better.
Practical, Visual, or Ritual? Ground Flint Arrowheads from Bell Beaker Features in North-Eastern Poland
Authors: Januszek Katarzyna , Cetwińska Aleksandra , Manasterski Dariusz
Published: March 2022

At Supraśl 3 in north-eastern Poland, four Bell Beaker features contained small quantities of burnt and highly fragmented human and animal bones and various, mostly fragmented, artefacts. These assemblages included twenty-four flint arrowheads, most of which bore traces of grinding, though not all were ground to the same extent. A comprehensive macroscopic and microscopic analysis was undertaken to determine the process of shaping these arrowheads and the possible reasons for grinding them, especially as no local flint working was recorded at the site. The authors suggest that the grinding of arrowheads reflects both practical and ritual concerns, possibly originating in emulation of techniques used by the Rzucewo culture and signalling contacts with the wider Bell Beaker milieu.
SHEA Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) White Paper Series: Practical approaches for the prevention of central-line–associated bloodstream infections
Authors: Muller Martha , Bryant Kristina A. , Espinosa Claudia , Jones Jill A. , Quach Caroline , Rindels Jessica R. , Stewart Dan L. , Zangwill Kenneth M. , Sánchez Pablo J.
Published: March 2022

This document is part of the “SHEA Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) White Paper Series.” It is intended to provide practical, expert opinion, and/or evidence-based answers to frequently asked questions about CLABSI detection and prevention in the NICU. This document serves as a companion to the CDC Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) Guideline for Prevention of Infections in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Patients. Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are among the most frequent invasive infections among infants in the NICU and contribute to substantial morbidity and mortality. Infants who survive CLABSIs have prolonged hospitalization resulting in increased healthcare costs and suffer greater comorbidities including worse neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes. A bundled approach to central line care practices in the NICU has reduced CLABSI rates, but challenges remain. This document was authored by pediatric infectious diseases specialists, neonatologists, advanced practice nurse practitioners, infection preventionists, members of the HICPAC guideline-writing panel, and members of the SHEA Pediatric Leadership Council. For the selected topic areas, the authors provide practical approaches in question-and-answer format, with answers based on consensus expert opinion within the context of the literature search conducted for the companion HICPAC document and supplemented by other published information retrieved by the authors. Two documents in the series precede this one: “Practical approaches toClostridioides difficileprevention” published in August 2018 and “Practical approaches toStaphylococcus aureusprevention,” published in September 2020.
“We Who Champion the Unborn”: Racial Poisons, Eugenics, and the Campaign for Prohibition
Authors: Lombardo Paul A.
Published: March 2022

Dr. Caleb Williams Saleeby was the author ofParenthood and Race Culture, one of the first monographs on eugenics and the book that popularized the term “racial poison.” The goal of eradicating the racial poisons and the harm they caused — particularly infant morbidity and mortality — provided common ground for early 20th century reformers, and their concerns fed the growing support for legal prohibition of alcohol.
Attorneys as Healthcare Advocates: The Argument for Attorney-Prepared Advance Healthcare Directives
Authors: Orsatti Grace W.
Published: March 2022

Attorneys regularly prepare advance healthcare directives for their clients. However, attorneys, lacking medical knowledge, are often considered ill-equipped to prepare such documents. While recognizing and respecting the fact that advance healthcare directives pertain to decisions about medical care, this article proposes that attorneys who prepare advance healthcare directives nevertheless provide a valuable service.