bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indépendance des administrations : la volonté des personnes privées dans les autorisations d’urbanisme
Authors: Gigon Éléonore
Published: January 2020

La question des autorisations d’urbanisme sera traitée ici de façon quelque peu singulière puisqu’il s’agira d’appréhender la question de la délivrance d’une autorisation d’urbanisme autrement : non plus du point de vue de l’autorité administrative qui peut instruire et délivrer une autorisation d’urbanisme mais du point de vue de la volonté de la personne privée, la volonté renvoyant à la faculté de se proposer un but pour agir et la notion de personne privée renvoyant ici uniquement au pétitionnaire privé. L’objectif de cette approche « volontariste » est double : d’une part, comprendre comment le régime juridique des autorisations d’urbanisme prend en considération la volonté privée, et d’autre part, rendre compte du rôle susceptible d’être joué par la volonté privée face à la volonté publique, incarnée ici par une volonté communale ou du moins locale. Une première approche purement statique – car centrée sur la volonté à l’état de repos – permet de constater que les règles qui encadrent la délivrance des autorisations d’urbanisme prennent en considération la volonté des personnes privées en venant organiser le processus volontaire de ces dernières. Cela apparait du point de vue des moyens et surtout des conditions d’expression de la volonté privée. La volonté privée doit d’abord être éclairée pour ensuite pouvoir s’extérioriser utilement. Le respect de ces deux conditions constitue une garantie première de la réalisation de l’objectif poursuivi par le pétitionnaire, garantie qui peut d’ailleurs être relativisée face à la complexité et à l’instabilité croissante du droit de l’urbanisme. Plus encore, une seconde approche dynamique – car centrée sur la volonté mise en mouvement et extériorisée – permet de rendre compte du rôle susceptible d’être joué par la volonté des personnes privées, rôle pluriel et qui n’est pas forcément là où on l’attend. A cet égard, le droit de l’urbanisme et la question de la délivrance d’une autorisation d’urbanisme offrent l’un des meilleurs exemples ou l’un des meilleurs outils permettant de dépasser l’approche classique de l’unilatéralité et de dévoiler le rôle que la volonté d’une personne privée peut jouer dans le cadre d’un processus décisionnel public et ce, alors même que l’acte administratif unilatéral est censé être un acte pris indépendamment du consentement de son destinataire, c’est-à-dire que ce dernier le veuille ou non. En définitive, si le prisme de la volonté peut permettre d’étudier le droit de l’urbanisme autrement, il apparaît également que le droit de l’urbanisme, souvent présenté comme un observatoire du droit administratif, enrichit incontestablement l’étude du phénomène volontaire.
La mutualisation des moyens de l’aménagement public
Authors: Degoffe Michel
Published: January 2020

La question d’un aménagement équilibré du territoire ne suppose pas le développement des métropoles françaises. Mais s’il n’est pas souhaitable, ce processus ne doit pas être redouté. Trois types de considérations autorisent une telle affirmation. En premier lieu, à l’intérêt de la métropole. Son statut est essentiellement une réponse à l’éparpillement général des collectivités, des compétences et des ressources. En deuxième lieu, en tant qu’elle est conçue comme un pôle de prospérité autonome où ont vocation à se concentrer les populations, les informations, les richesses et les compétences stratégiques, les fondements stratégiques de la métropole suggèrent une forme d’aggravation du déséquilibre du territoire. En troisième lieu, on doit douter de ce que l’introduction de la métropole dans le paysage administratif puisse porter un coup redoutable à notre équilibre territorial. Son histoire actuelle est, en effet, celle de sa banalisation, et la situation actuelle créée par l’apparition des métropoles en France n’autorise ni pessimisme radical, ni optimisme rassurant au regard de la question posée. C’est certainement dans le cadre éprouvé de l’intercommunalité qu’il faut envisager de l’étudier car elle n’a pas connu la consécration supérieure pour laquelle son institution avait été imaginée.
Vers un capitalisme d’intérêt collectif
Authors: Ferone Creuzet Geneviève , Seghers Virginie
Published: January 2020

C’est dans ce numéro que reprend la série consacrée au rôle des entreprises dans la fabrique du bien commun, ouverte à l’automne 2018 (n° 426), puis prolongée dans les numéros 427, 429 et 431 de la revue Futuribles . Car, comme le montre cet article de Geneviève Ferone Creuzet et Virginie Seghers, le sujet est loin d’être épuisé et l’avènement d’un capitalisme d’intérêt collectif n’en est qu’à ses débuts. Outre la responsabilité sociale des entreprises, qui a permis d’intégrer un certain nombre de principes pour contrebalancer les logiques de court terme ou strictement financières, se développent désormais de nouvelles formes d’entreprises, mieux définies et encadrées juridiquement, visant à intégrer des missions et objectifs de contribution au bien commun dans leurs statuts. Les auteurs, qui ont activement participé au développement de ces nouvelles formes d’entreprises en France, montrent ici comment ont émergé leurs statuts spécifiques et en quoi ils consistent. Inspirées des évolutions survenues en particulier aux États-Unis ces 10 dernières années, des « entreprises à mission » et des « fondations actionnaires » se développent ainsi, notamment, en France, permettant aux entreprises de concilier des objectifs de rentabilité économique avec le souci de l’utilité collective. L’adoption de la loi PACTE (Plan d’action pour la croissance et la transformation des entreprises) au printemps 2019 témoigne de l’intérêt suscité par ces changements de modèle chez les décideurs politiques : un signe encourageant donnant à penser que les nombreux défis de ce siècle peuvent être affrontés par toutes les parties prenantes à leur échelle — pouvoirs publics, citoyens et désormais acteurs économiques, quelle que soit leur envergure… S.D.
Le système de crédit social chinois
Authors: Dubois de Prisque Emmanuel
Published: January 2020

Dans nos sociétés modernes, de plus en plus connectées et en interaction permanente, la propension à tout noter et tout évaluer va croissant, qu’il s’agisse d’apprécier un échange téléphonique, de noter un service de livraison ou un rendez-vous médical, de donner son avis sur une photo, un article, etc. : l’individu / consommateur / citoyen est régulièrement sollicité pour exprimer son avis. Mais au-delà de ces sollicitations individuelles, déjà discutables, on voit se développer aussi des dispositifs institutionnalisés de contrôle, basés sur des systèmes de notation, à l’instar de celui mis en place en Chine à la fin des années 1990, qui fait l’objet d’un renforcement particulier depuis une dizaine d’années. Big Brother serait-il passé de la fiction à la réalité comme le craignent de nombreux commentateurs occidentaux du système de crédit social (SCS) chinois ? Emmanuel Dubois de Prisque revient ici sur le SCS, montrant comment — inspiré des pratiques occidentales d’évaluation des capacités d’emprunt et de remboursement des acteurs économiques —, ce système s’est insinué dans le quotidien des citoyens chinois. Il souligne quels sont les objectifs des dirigeants chinois en la matière (notamment promouvoir des comportements humains vertueux et la confiance), et en quoi ceux-ci sont tout à fait cohérents avec la longue tradition culturelle et politique du pays. Emmanuel Dubois de Prisque insiste bien sur les risques et limites du SCS pour les droits et libertés de chacun, mais montre aussi les améliorations qu’il a pu susciter en Chine. Il s’interroge enfin sur la possibilité qu’un tel système puisse s’exporter dans les sociétés occidentales, bien que cela lui semble pour l’instant peu vraisemblable compte tenu des exigences qui sont les leurs en termes de libertés. S.D.
Electromyography of the Shoulder: An Analysis of Passive Modes of Exercise
Authors: Dockery Michael L , Wright Thomas W , LaStayo Paul C
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT

Passive shoulder motion is standard early rehabilitation in patients undergoing rotator cuff repair. A number of rehabilitation protocols exist to obtain this goal. This article evaluated different rehabilitation protocols using electromyographic analysis of the rotator cuff muscles to determine if the different protocols promote passive motion. Ten healthy volunteers underwent EMG to investigate the relative activity of the rotator cuff muscles during various exercises used postoperatively following shoulder surgery. The exercises tested were continuous passive motion machine (CPM), pulley, pendulum, self-assisted bar raise using the contralateral arm for power, self-assisted internal and external rotation, therapist-assisted elevation in plane of the scapula, and therapist-assisted internal and external rotation. The relative activity of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, anterior deltoid, and trapezius muscles were measured and expressed as a percentage of maximal activity.

For all muscle groups tested, the pulley exercise showed significantly more activity than the CPM machine. In the supraspinatus muscle, the pulley exercise averaged 1 7.6% of maximal activity and 8.7% for the self-assisted bar raise using contralateral arm power compared with 5.0% for the CPM machine. In general, therapist-assisted exercises and Codman's pendulum exercises showed activity that was not significantly different from the CPM machine. These results indicate that CPM and therapist-assisted passive range of motion, by being more passive, may increase the safety margin for obtaining early passive range of motion without disrupting the rotator cuff repair.
The Use of Controlled-Release Versus Scheduled Oxycodone in the Immediate Postoperative Period Following Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Kerpsack James M , Fankhauser Richard A
Published: January 2020

abstract

This prospective study examined whether better pain control could be achieved in the first 48 hours after joint arthropiasty with control led-release oxycodone compared to scheduled oxycodone with acetaminophen. In the study group, control led-release oxycodone was administered on the day of surgery and was continued during patients' hospital stay. The study group then was compared to a previous group in which effective pain control was obtained with around-theclock oxycodone with acetaminophen. Findings indicated control led-release oxycodone did not provide better pain control compared to scheduled oxycodone with acetaminophen in the first 48 hours following total joint arthroplasty.
The Paradox of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia: The Initial Management
Authors: Taylor Lisa M , Smith Kelly M
Published: January 2020

The potential risk for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia should be suspected in postoperative patients who develop thrombocytopenia in the presence of heparin and low-molecular weight heparin agents.
Management of Proximal Femoral Shaft Fractures in Osteopetrosis: A Case Series Using Internal Fixation
Authors: Chhabra Anikar , Westerlund L Erik , Kline Alex J , McLaughlin Robert
Published: January 2020

abstract

Osteopetrosis is a group of rare sclerosing bone dysplasias. Orthopedic concerns in Osteopetrosis are principally related to the characteristic brittle "marble bone" in which fractures may be easily induced by relatively low-energy mechanisms. Femoral fractures are common in this patient population, and management presents a unique technical challenge. While osteopetrotic bone may be penetrated with a drill bit, the drill bit flutes are immediately filled with bone. This renders the drill ineffective, and generation of significant frictional heat can result in breakage of the drill. This case series describes the long-term management of nine osteopetrotic femoral fractures in three patients. The difficulties encountered in these cases prompted the development of a safe and efficacious technique for intramedullary fixation of these fractures.
How Is It Different From Conventional Learning?
Authors: Febriansyah Hary , Labdhagati Haifa , Anggara Widi Galih
Published: January 2020

In the current Indonesian business scene, corporate universities have become fashionable. Since their first emergence in the 2010s, Indonesian corporate universities have shown that they are more than just dressed-up learning centers operating under a new name. As prominent organizations in Indonesia start to build their own learning initiatives adopting the model of the corporate university, success stories of the new approach radiate. Bringing an example of a developing country of Indonesia, this chapter attempts to discuss the trends, challenges, and practices of corporate university. This chapter also examines best practices from Indonesian corporate universities and how they differ from the conventional university and their learning techniques differ from traditional learning methods.
Performability Modeling of Distributed Systems and Its Formal Methods Representation
Authors: Khan Razib Hayat
Published: January 2020

A distributed system is a complex system. Developing complex systems is a demanding task when attempting to achieve functional and non-functional properties such as synchronization, communication, fault tolerance. These properties impose immense complexities on the design, development, and implementation of the system that incur massive effort and cost. Therefore, it is vital to ensure that the system must satisfy the functional and non-functional properties. Once a distributed system is developed, it is very difficult and demanding to conduct any modification in its architecture. As a result, the quantitative analysis of a complex distributed system at the early stage of the development process is always an essential and intricate endeavor. To meet the above challenge, this chapter introduces an extensive framework for performability evaluation of a distributed system. The goal of the performability modeling framework is to consider the behavioral change of the system components due to failures. This reveals how such behavioral changes affect the system performance.
Chronic-graft-versus-host-disease-related polymyositis: a 17-months-old child with a rare and late complication of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Authors: Chinello Matteo , Balter Rita , De Bortoli Massimiliano , Vitale Virginia , Zaccaron Ada , Bonetti Elisa , Tonin Paola , Vattemi Gaetano , Guglielmi Valeria , Cesaro Simone
Published: January 2020

Background: Chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) occurs in 20-30% of paediatric patients receiving haemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Neuromuscular disorders such as polymyositis are considered a rare and distinctive but non-diagnostic manifestation of cGVHD and, in absence of other characteristic signs and symptoms, biopsy is highly recommended to exclude other causes.

Case report: We report a case of a 17-months-old child affected by hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis who underwent a matched unrelated donor haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). She developed a severe cGVHD-related polymyositis that was successfully treated with high-dose steroid therapy, rituximab and sirolimus.

Conclusions: This is the first case of cGVHD-related-polymyositis described in a pediatric patient which was successfully treated with rituximab.
THE PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF TET2 SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM IN EGYPTIAN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA
Authors: Dammag Enas A , Hamed Nahla A.M. , El Halawani Nabil A , Kassem Heba S , Ayad Mona W
Published: January 2020

Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm. The pathogenesis of CML is based on the oncoprotein termed BCR‐ABL1. TET2 initiates DNA demethylation and is frequently mutated in hematological malignancies including CML.(1) The relation between TET2 acquisition and CML transformation and/or imitinab resistance is needed to be investigated. (2)

Aim: To evaluate Ten Eleven Translocation 2 gene (TET2) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs2454206, rs34402524, rs61744960) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in relation to the disease prognostic criteria.

Materials & Method: The study included 84 subjects; 54 CML in chronic phase and 30 healthy subjects as control group matched for age and sex. Routine investigations including CBC, bone marrow aspiration, biochemical investigations and molecular study were performed in CML patients to identify the disease stage. DNA extraction and SNP assay for TET2 gene polymorphism was done using (Thermo-Fisher predesigned SNP, USA) PCR prism 7500.

Results: The mean age was 45.98±15.7 yrs in CML patients and   39.3±6.587 yrs in control group (p>0.05). TET2 SNP rs 34402524 was either heterozygous and homozygous in CML (48%,and 46.2%) but was mainly homozygous among control (80%) group (p=0.012). TET2 SNP rs 2454206 cases within CML (65.4%) and control (63.3%) group had wild patterns (p=0.046). TET2 SNP rs 61744960 showed a homozygous pattern among all groups (CML and control) showing no statistical significance (p=0.528). TET2 SNP in CML cases did not alter the prognostic criteria as no statistical significance was noted (p>0.05) yet, it was significantly related to spleen size in rs 34402524 where homozygous group had huger sizes and higher BCR-ABL1 levels 6 months after starting TKIs (p<0.05).

Conclusions/Recommendation: TET2 SNP is a common in Egyptian chronic myeloid leukemia. TET2 SNP rs 3442524 was associated with huger spleen size and higher BCR-ABL1 levels after 6 months of starting TKIs suggesting disease progression.
The impact of lymph node ratio on overall survival in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: İmamoğlu Goksen İnanç , Oğuz Arzu , Cimen Sanem , Eren Tülay , Karacin Cengiz , Colak Dilşen , Altşbaş Mustafa , Türker Sema , Yazılıta Doğan
Published: January 2020

Background:

Lymph node metastasis is a predominant prognostic indicator in colorectal cancer. Number of lymph nodes removed surgically was demonstrated to correlate with staging accuracy and oncological outcomes. However, number of lymph nodes removed depends on uncontrolled variables. Therefore, a more reliable prognostic indicator is needed. Calculation of ratio of positive lymph nodes to total number of removed lymph nodes may be an appealing solution.

Materials and Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed data of 156 Stage III colorectal cancer patients whom underwent surgery between 2008 and 2015. Patients' demographic characteristics, tumor grade, location, vascular-perineural invasion status, number of removed lymph nodes, and ratio of positive lymph nodes to number of removed lymph nodes were recorded. Spearman correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation coefficient while Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazard regression model were performed for the prediction of survival and multivariate analysis, respectively.

Results:

Number of removed lymph nodes did not correlate with survival, but it was inversely correlated with number of positive lymph nodes. Multivariate analysis showed that ratio of removed positive lymph nodes to the total number of lymph nodes was a significant prognostic factor for survival for a ratio equal or above 0.31 was a poor prognostic indicator (108 months vs. 34 months, hazard ratio: 4.24 [95% confidence interval: 2.15-8.34]; P < 0.019). Tumor characteristics failed to demonstrate any prognostic value.

Conclusions:

This study showed that positive lymph node ratio (PLNR) is an important prognostic factor for Stage III colorectal cancer. Although 0.31 can be taken as threshold for “PLNR,” prospective trials including larger patient groups are needed to validate its role as a prognostic indicator.
Hybrid Robust Image Steganography approach for the secure transmission of biomedical images in Cloud
Authors: S Arunkumar , V Subramaniyaswamy , R Logesh
Published: January 2020

INTRODUCTION: A rich patient may reside in their home and may prefer to take treatment with all the medical appliances inside the premise. A patient may take treatment in the less specialized hospital, which may be taking a suggestion from a specialist working in a specialized center. In such a scenario, bio-medical images need to be transmitted over the public network. Bio-medical images sent in plain form suffer from confidentiality and integrity problem.OBJECTIVES: To overcome the above problem, medical records are always hidden in the cover image so that others do not know what is being sent.METHODS: In our proposed scheme, the chosen cover image gets divided into the following three planes, namely: R plane, G plane, and B plane. The co-occurrence matrix is computed for each plane by dividing it into 16 x 16 pixels block and then the embedding map is generated from it. The biomedical image is also divided into 8 x 8 pixels block and is hidden into the chosen cover image block using the embedding map. Both cover image blocks and secret image blocks are transformed by RIWT. R matrix of QR decomposition of the cover image and secret image blocks are used in embedding At the end of the embedding phase. These three planes are merged into an RGB image to produce a stego image.RESULTS: To assess the performance of our scheme, parameters like imperceptibility, robustness, and security are considered. With respect to imperceptibility, PSNR values of the stego images are over 50. With respect to robustness, average NCC values between the original secret and the attacked secret is 0.94. With respect to security, stego image cannot be detected easily if it has any secret.CONCLUSION: From the experimental results, our scheme is proved to be better with respect to these three selected parameters.
An Effective and Reliable Computer Automated Technique for Bone Fracture Detection
Authors: Zeelan Basha CMAK , Padmaja T. Maruthi , Balaji G. N.
Published: January 2020

INTRODUCTION: In the year 1895 the X-ray images were discovered. Since then the medical imaging has got advanced tremendously. Anyhow the methods of interpretation have started progressing only by the evolution of Computer aided Diagnosis(CAD).OBJECTIVES: To develop a Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system to detect the bone fracture which helps the radiologists (or) the Orthopaedics by interpreting the medical images in short duration.METHODS: In this paper, an effective automated bone fracture detection is proposed using enhanced Haar Wavelet Transform, Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) and back propagation neural network. The former two techniques are used for feature extraction and the latter one is used for classification of fracture images. Simultaneously, the usage of enhanced Haar Wavelet Transforms and SIFT are phenomenally improves the quality of the X-ray image. Further in this work, k-means clustering based ‘Bag of Words’ methods are used to extract enhanced features extracted from SIFT. The classification phase of this proposed technique uses the classical back propagation neural network that contains 1024 neurons in 3-layers.RESULTS: The experimental validation of this proposed scheme performed using nearly 300 different bone fractures x-ray images confirmed a better classification rate of 93.4%.CONCLUSIONS: The experimental results of the proposed computer aided technique are proven to be better than the detection technique facilitated with the traditional SIFT technique.
The Erdős–Hajnal hypergraph Ramsey problem
Authors: Mubayi Dhruv , Suk Andrew
Published: January 2020

Given integers

2\le t \le k+1 \le n

, let

g_k(t,n)

be the minimum

N

such that every red/blue coloring of the

k

-subsets of

\{1, \ldots, N\}

yields either a

(k+1)

-set containing

t

red

k

-subsets, or an

n

-set with all of its

k

-subsets blue. Erdős and Hajnal proved in 1972 that for fixed

2\le t \le k

, there are positive constants

c_1

and

c_2

such that

2^{c_1 n} < g_k(t, n) < \mathrm {twr}_{t-1} (n^{c_2}),

where

\mathrm {twr}_{t-1}

is a tower of 2's of height

t-2

. They conjectured that the tower growth rate in the upper bound is correct. Despite decades of work on closely related and special cases of this problem by many researchers, there have been no improvements of the lower bound for

2 < t < k

. Here we settle the Erdős–Hajnal conjecture in almost all cases in a strong form, by determining the correct tower growth rate, and in half of the cases we also determine the correct power of

n

within the tower. Specifically, we prove that if

2 < t < k - 1

and

k - t

is even, then

g_k(t, n) = \mathrm {twr}_{t-1} ( n^{k-t+1 + o(1)} ).

Similar results are proved for

k - t

odd.
On compactness of commutators of multiplication and bilinear pseudodifferential operators and a new subspace of BMO
Authors: Torres Rodolfo H. , Xue Qingying
Published: January 2020

It is known that the compactness of the commutators of point-wise multiplication with bilinear homogeneous Calderón–Zygmund operators acting on product of Lebesgue spaces is characterized by the multiplying function being in the space CMO. This space is the closure in BMO of its subspace of smooth functions with compact support. It is shown in this work that for bilinear Calderón–Zygmund operators arising from smooth (inhomogeneous) bilinear Fourier multipliers or bilinear pseudodifferential operators, one can actually consider multiplying functions in a new subspace of BMO larger than CMO.
Proposta de modelo para análise das influências intelectuais dos bolsistas de produtividade (PQs) do CNPq
Authors: Cruz Tatyane Lúcia , Silva Fábio Mascarenhas e , Bufrem Leilah Santiago
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: Propõe um modelo de análise das influências intelectuais dos Bolsistas de Produtividade (PQs) do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) a partir de estudos de citação visando colaborar com pesquisas que optem por um olhar investigativo quanto aos referentes acadêmicos seminais que mais influenciam no aspecto formativo de uma área de conhecimento em nível nacional.Método: Quanto aos fins se caracteriza como um estudo metodológico, do qual resulta também um estudo propositivo por modelar o processo de análise de um conjunto específico de atores sociais, neste caso, PQs.Resultado: Proposta do modelo, composto de cinco elementos constitutivos (agentes, registro de influência intelectual, fontes de informação, tempo, e ferramentas tecnológicas) e oito etapas de execução: a) Identificação dos Agentes, b) Coleta de Dados (Currículo Lattes), c) Coleta de dados nas Fontes de Informação, d) Padronização dos Dados, e) Processamento dos Dados, f) Categorização temática dos teóricos seminais, g) Gerações de grafos e redes sociais, e h) Análise das relações identificadas. Realiza uma aplicação do modelo na área de CI no Brasil considerando como agentes da pesquisa vinte e três PQs com bolsas de categorias sênior e nível 1A, 1B, 1C, e 1D, e demonstra possibilidades de aplicabilidade.Conclusões: Confirmam-se os cinco elementos constitutivos nessa proposta concernentes ao contexto científico de produção do conhecimento, aplicáveis em diferentes áreas do saber. Todavia, se reconhecem limites quanto à abrangência da proposta, devido às especificidades de cada campo científico. Assim, poderão surgir dificuldades para adequação ou adaptação de conceitos e técnicas mais usuais na CI, como por exemplo, domínios do conhecimento, estudos de citação, e a prática de realizar categorizações temáticas, bem como trabalhar com métricas informacionais.
Informação, Verdade e Pós-Verdade: uma crítica pragmaticista na Ciência da Informação
Authors: Moraes Sonia Cristina Bocardi , Almeida Carlos Candido , Alves Marcus Rei de Lima
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: O artigo procura destacar os critérios de verdade contidos nos processos informacionais, tanto os científicos os que circulam nas representações dos fatos na sociedade, e manter a Ciência da Informação (CI), como provedora da comprovação verdadeira da realidade. Dada a disseminação de conteúdos nas redes que fazem parte da internet e são chamados informação sem a devida correlação com os fatos, deve-se elencar elementos dentro do campo científico para entender estes conteúdos, que tendem a ser aceitos como verdadeiros sem esta comprovação.Método: A atuação dos usuários em rede de computadores noticiado como informação, assim como a abordagem na CI da difusão de conhecimento dentro da sociedade, tem na revisão bibliográfica a revisão da fundamentação do Pragmatismo Peirceano para utilização do Método Pragmático como possibilidade de instrumento da CI.Resultado: A divulgação de conhecimento científico determinado verdadeiro é o paradigma contido na CI, que deve ser estendido para as relações informacionais divulgadas para a sociedade. O conceito de informação implica nas maneiras de comunicação. Esta inter-relação da informação e seu caráter epistemológico estão implícitos no processo de significação. A inter-relação entre mensagem e informação é parte fundamental da semiose verdadeira. A produção de inferência que produz conhecimento para o sujeito, mediada pelo signo, implica em informação.Conclusões: Cabe à CI promover o método científico de fixação da verdade, e aqui é considerada a proposta Pragmatista como aquela que dá conta de tratar tanto a verdade científica quanto a verdade dos fatos.
The capacity of northern peatlands for long-term carbon sequestration
Authors: Alexandrov Georgii A. , Brovkin Victor A. , Kleinen Thomas , Yu Zicheng
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Northern peatlands have been a persistent natural carbon
sink since the Last Glacial Maximum. The continued growth and expansion of
these carbon-rich ecosystems could offset a large portion of anthropogenic
carbon emissions before the end of the present interglacial period. Here we
used an impeded drainage model and gridded data on the depth to bedrock and
the fraction of histosol-type soils to evaluate the limits to the growth
of northern peatland carbon stocks. Our results show that the potential
carbon stock in northern peatlands could reach a total of 875±125 Pg C
before the end of the present interglacial, which could, as a result, remove
330±200 Pg C of carbon from the atmosphere. We argue that northern
peatlands, together with the oceans, will potentially play an important role
in reducing the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration over the next 5000 years.
From leaf to soil: n-alkane signal preservation, despite degradation along an environmental gradient in the tropical Andes
Authors: Teunissen van Manen Milan L. , Jansen Boris , Cuesta Francisco , León-Yánez Susana , Gosling William D.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Plant wax n-alkane biomarkers obtained from ancient soils and sediments have been used to reconstruct past environmental changes. However, the interpretation of these ancient n-alkane patterns relies primarily on our understanding of modern plant wax n-alkane patterns measured from leaves. Very little is known about how n-alkane patterns might be altered during the process of transfer from leaves into soil. Therefore our interpretations of the ancient n-alkane biomarker signal could be confounded by an unobserved bias caused by degradation processes. Here we present the n-alkane patterns extracted from leaves, necromass and soil samples to clarify whether the n-alkane pattern, the n-alkane signal, and the local environmental information reflected in the n-alkane signal degrade, as the plant source material degrades in the tropical Andes. We find that the n-alkane patterns do degrade, but that the n-alkane patterns and signal remain similar across sample types. We find that the n-alkane patterns primarily reflect changes in longer vs. shorter n-alkanes, captured by the average chain length (ACL) and the C31 / (C29 + C31) ratio (ratio), regardless of sample type. Additionally, soil sample n-alkanes secondarily reflect changes in carbon preference index (CPI) whereas leaf and necromass n-alkanes do not. We find that in all sample types the primary observed n-alkane signals correlate significantly with the environment, temperature in particular, but that soil n-alkane correlations are muted compared to leaf n-alkanes. The secondary n-alkane signal (CPI) in soils also correlates significantly with the environmental signal, temperature in particular. Our results are an important step towards better understanding the taphonomy of the n-alkane signal in the tropics, and suggest that environmental information is preserved in the n-alkane signal, despite the observed degradation.
Mapping and Assessment of Urban Ecosystem Services: Capacity in Vilnius City
Authors: Misiūnė Ieva , Veteikis Darijus
Published: January 2020

Ecosystem services (ES) are the benefits people gain from ecosystems, which are essential to human well-being. ES concept allows us to demonstrate more clearly the importance of nature, understand its benefits and justify its preservation. Knowledge on ecosystem’s capacity to provide services and the demand for these services allows us more effectively organize spatial planning, avoid conflicts and protect the ecosystems from degradation. This article reviews one of the ES assessment and mapping method called ES matrix model and presents its application to Vilnius case study. Using the method and expert knowledge twelve ES were assessed and mapped.
The review of the method has shown that it can be applied at different scales and to evaluate several ES simultaneously. In previous studies, the method was applied to assess ES capacities both locally and at European level, often using expert knowledge for ES evaluation. Method application for the case study confirms that the results of the evaluation mainly depends on primary data, i.e. the scale and accuracy of the land used map and the sufficient sample of experts. The case study showed that the lowest concentration of evaluated services is in the center of Vilnius town and surrounding neighborhoods, and as the distance from the city center increases, the number of ES increases as well. An ES richness map, which shows how many different services exist in a given area, showed a low number of ES in the central and western part of the city (a maximum 6 out of 12 services rated). Additional research, however, is needed to assess the quality of the existing services. Such an assessment of the ES potential and the quality of the services can serve as an additional tool for territorial planning and efficient use of green urban spaces.
A Case Study in the Use of Mindfulness-Based Biofeedback for Anxiety Reduction in a Chronic Pain Patient with a Spinal Cord Injury Preparing for Decannulation
Authors: Klich Urszula
Published: January 2020

A clinical approach centered on teaching self-regulation and compassion can assist patients dealing with pain and anxiety to feel more control over their environment. Compassion, found to be a critical variable in the therapeutic benefit of mindfulness-based techniques, can be combined with biofeedback to maximize the advantageous psychological and physical changes that are seen with both. This article will present treatment considerations in a case in which compassion-based strategies within mindfulness-based biofeedback treatment were used with a patient experiencing anxiety related to pain and fear of undergoing a medical procedure for decannulation.
Van procedure naar praktijk
Authors: Verwest Femke , Kunseler Eva , Diederen Paul , Faasse Patricia
Published: January 2020

From procedure to practice – Effectively safeguarding independence at the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.

If the stakes are high, policy researchers can find themselves under strong pressures from politicians or policy makers to compromise on issues like scope of a research project, research methodology, reporting, framing and interpretation of results, and timing of publication. Research organizations experiment with various formal and informal arrangements to cope with such pressures and guard their independence.

This article describes six coping strategies that are being explored by the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL). These are: i) taking control in determining the project scope and the research questions; ii) making responsibilities explicit and guarding respective roles; iii) installing a broad based societal project advisory group; iv) having some researchers in a project that interact with stakeholders, while keeping others at a distance; v) having a differentiated communications strategy; vi) being fully transparent as to hypotheses and uncertainties regarding data and models.

Safeguarding independence in research through formal rules and provisions is generally insufficient to protect research from undue stakeholder influence. Also changes in labor routines, relationship management and organizational cultures are needed, not only on the researcher side, but on the stakeholder side as well. This calls for dialogue and joint learning processes.
Onafhankelijk onderzoek in het biomedische gebied
Authors: Rosendaal Frits R.
Published: January 2020

Independent research in biomedicine

The author discusses the practices, problems and pitfalls research in the biomedical field with regard to conflicts of interests. Medicines are not ordinary products: the exclusive right to prescribe lies with the doctor, and because of the potentially life-saving nature of medicines, their use, price and availability is surrounded by emotions, especially when there is only one medicine available for a serious illness. Nonetheless, these products are marketed by companies that have a primarily commercial interest and, on the basis of those interests, engage in pricing and advertising activities. In the research on medicines, there is close cooperation between the pharmaceutical industry and doctor-researchers, whereby independence is at stake due to the large financial interests and reimbursements. This pushes the design, outcome and publication of research in a direction that is favorable to the pharmaceutical industry, but that is not financially the best direction for society, or medically for patients.
Weinig consistent, beperkt zelfkritisch
Authors: Faber Bram , Budding Tjerk
Published: January 2020

Hardly consistent, nor self-critical: an analysis of conclusions drawn in the accountability process on the national level

The Dutch central government has a long history in its search to meaningfully present policy effects. One of the instruments that was developed to this end is the Policy Conclusion (beleidsconclusie). This part of the annual report, which has been mandatory since 2013, should provide a judgement for every policy article on its results in the year 2017. To what extent has the Policy Conclusion been successful in its aims? And how do various governmental departments give substance to it? For this article, all policy conclusions that were composed for the most recent reporting year were examined. Among others, our analysis shows that departments differ greatly in their interpretation of what the Policy Conclusion should include, such as the usage of sources and the way in which intended results are (re)addressed. In addition, it was found in the Policy Conclusions that a tendency exists to put a strong focus on positive outcomes.
Post-interview Thank-you Communications Influence Both Applicant and Residency Program Rank Lists in Emergency Medicine
Authors: Jewell Corlin , David Tillman , Kraut Aaron , Hess Jamie , Westergaard Mary , Schnapp Benjamin
Published: January 2020

Introduction: The National Residency Matching Program (NRMP) allows post-interview contact between residency applicants and residency programs. Thank-you communications represent one of the most common forms, but data on their value to applicants and program directors (PD) are limited. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of thank-you communications on applicant- and residency-program rank lists. Methods: Two anonymous, voluntary surveys were sent after the 2018 NRMP Match, one to applicants who were offered an interview at a single academic site in the 2017-2018 Match cycle, and one to EM PDs nationwide. The surveys were designed in conjunction with a nationally-recognized survey center and piloted and revised based on feedback from residents and faculty. Results: Of 196 residency applicants, 97 (49.5%) responded to the survey. Of these, 73/95 (76.8%) reported sending thank-you communications. Twenty-two of 73 (30%) stated that they sent thank-you communications to improve their spot on a program’s rank list; and 16 of 73 (21.9%) reported that they changed their rank list based upon the responses they received to their thank-you communications. Of 163 PDs, 99 (60.7%) responded to the survey. Of those PDs surveyed, 22.6% reported that an applicant could be moved up their program’s rank list and 10.8% reported that an applicant could move down a program’s rank list based on their thank-you communications (or lack thereof). Conclusion: The majority of applicants to EM are sending thank-you communications. A significant minority of applicants and PDs changed their rank list due to post-interview thank-you communications.
An Inexpensive Conceptual Training Model for Transvenous Pacemaker Placement
Authors: Young Timothy , Tango Jennifer , Toomasian Cory , Kendric Kayla , Bengiamin Deena
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Emergent transvenous (TV) pacemaker placement can be life-saving, but it has associated complications. Emergency medicine (EM) educators must be able to teach this infrequent procedure to trainees.

Methods: We constructed a conceptually-focused, inexpensive training model made from polyvinyl chloride pipes and connectors, vinyl tubing, and a submersible pump. Cost of the model was $51. We tested the model with a group of 15 EM residents. We then asked participants to complete a survey reporting confidence with the procedure before and after the session. Confidence was compared using a Wilcoxon matched-pairs test.

Results: Confidence improved after the session, with a median confidence before the session of 2 (minimally confident; interquartile range [IQR] 1-3) and a median confidence after the session of 4 (very confident; IQR 3-4, p=0.001). All residents agreed that the model helped them to understand the process of placing a TV pacemaker.

Conclusion: Our TV pacemaker placement model was inexpensive and allowed for practice of a complex emergency procedure with direct visualization. It improved trainee confidence.
Back in My Day: A Journal Club Using Landmark Articles for Emergency Medicine-Bound Medical Students
Authors: San Miguel Christopher , Leung Cynthia , Kman Nicholas , Bischof Jason
Published: January 2020

This journal club style curriculum was developed to advance 4th year medical students in Emergency Medicine (EM) Milestone 19. The curriculum was introduced as part of a longitudinal boot camp course for EM- bound students. Students met monthly with faculty members to critically evaluate landmark articles within the field of EM. The curriculum culminated with student group presentations of two contemporary research articles with opposing conclusions. Discussed articles covered the following topics: stroke care, head trauma, cervical spine trauma, pulmonary embolism, cardiology treatments, syncope, post- cardiac arrest care, pediatrics, sepsis, and fluid resuscitation. The curriculum was evaluated using the institution’s standard student educational session evaluation form. Students rated the quality of the sessions highly, and based on thematic review of comments, the journal club was a beneficial addition to the boot camp curriculum.
Políticas públicas educacionais e formação de professores: convergências e distanciamentos na área de Educação Especial
Authors: Carmo Bruno Cleiton Macedo do , Fumes Neiza De Lourdes Frederico , Mercado Elisangela Leal de Oliveira , Magalhães Luciana De Oliveira Rocha
Published: January 2020

As políticas educacionais caminharam desde as últimas décadas do século XX em direção ao paradigma da inclusão escolar, demandando novas práticas docentes, como recorrentes estudos da área demonstram, e consequentemente exigem repensar a formação de professores. Assim, o objetivo do presente artigo é analisar as políticas públicas educacionais e as de formação de professores no intuito de refletir sobre possíveis convergências e distanciamentos na construção de um sistema de ensino capaz de atender à diversidade trazida pela inclusão escolar. Para tanto, foram analisadas as principais legislações e ações governamentais de 1994 a 2018. Os dados foram coletados em sítios oficiais do Governo Federal, no Diário Oficial da União e através de revisão bibliográfica. Reconhecendo que um único pesquisador não é capaz de esgotar a revisão das políticas públicas e as produções científicas elaboradas sobre a temática, optou-se pela conferência dos dados por 3 especialistas na área de Educação Especial e formação de professores, visando uma maior confiabilidade dos dados apresentados. A partir dos resultados alcançados, percebe-se que as políticas públicas educacionais de inclusão e de formação de professores, ao longo das últimas décadas, convergiram no sentido de assumir o paradigma da inclusão como norte para os sistemas de ensino no Brasil. Contudo, parece haver um descompasso entre as ações governamentais para a inclusão de alunos público-alvo da Educação Especial e a formação de professores para atendê-los, ficando esta última como uma preocupação secundária nas políticas públicas para a inclusão escolar.
Ramon Masip
Authors: Giménez Ferran , Guerrero David
Published: January 2020

Ramon Masip es el director de Quadrícula web+media, una empresa de diseño y programación web con nueve años de experiencia. Desde hace tres años también se dedica a la creación de contenidos para dispositivos móviles y ahora abre horizontes con la creación de un diario digital de información comarcal.
Correlation Between Nutritional Status at Admission and Length of Stay in Child Patient
Authors: Ulfa Anita Maria , Wanda Dessie
Published: January 2020

Objective: Nutrition problem acquired in hospital effect to the healing process. Nutrition need to recovery.

Methods: This research used 138 respondent age between 1 month and 18 years old. Study Cross-sectional and retrospective. Patients with organomegaly, fluid retention, dehydration, and turn out of the hospital by request exclude respondent. Nutritional status measured by weight for height (≤ 5 years old) and body mass index (BMI) for age (>5 years old).

Results: Statistic test between nutritional status at admission and length of stay is 0,689 for BB/TB and 0,869 for IMT/U. There is no correlation between nutritional status at admission and length of stay (P value > α).

Conclusion: Nutrition screening at admission important to support giving early treatment and increasing recovery.

Keywords: Dehydration; malnutrition; nutritional status; organomegaly
Nurse’s Knowledge and Practice of Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting Management amongPatients with Respiratory Malignancy - A Descriptive Study
Authors: Maemunah Siti , Pompey Cut Sarida
Published: January 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the nurses' knowledge and practice in prevention and management chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting in patients with respiratory malignancy.

Methods: This research used cross-sectional design with cluster random sampling method involved 102 nurses. The sample was nurses in chemotherapy treatment ward at least have been work for one year. The instrument included nurse characteristic questionnaire, a questionnaire of knowledge and practice questionnaire about the management of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting.

Results: The results found the knowledge of nurses was in the range of quite good, and the practice was in the range of sometimes until often. The nurses’ knowledge was excellent in patient education and lack in assessment of nausea and vomiting. A frequent nurse’s intervention was collaboration in pharmacological therapy, and the non-pharmacological therapy implemented occasionally.

Conclusion: To maintain and improve nurses' knowledge and practice, it is necessary to promote continuous education or training, and placement of nursing staff according to their competencies. Further research is expected to use direct observation methods to investigate nursing care management of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting.

Keywords: Chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting, management, nursing knowledge, and nursing practice