bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discectomy Combined with Annulus Fibrosus Repair for the Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Bayesian analysis of Random Controlled Trials
Authors: Hu Jinlong , Bai Jianzhong , Shi Xueqiang , Fei Wenyong , Wang Hua
Published: January 2020

Objective To investigate clinical effects of discectomy combined with annulus fibrosus (AF) repair for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of science, CNKI and WanFang data for studies evaluating discectomy combined with AF repair and discectomy for the treatment lumbar disc herniation. Two reviewers selected studies, assessed quality and extracted data. This meta-analysis was performed to calculate weighted mean difference (WMD), risk ratios (RRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results suggested that the recurrence rate and reoperation rate in the non-repair group higher than those in the repair group [RR= 2.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.50, 3.10], [RR=1.74, CI 1.22, 2.49], respectively. The rate of Visual analogue scale (VAS) relief in the repair group was significantly better than in non-repair group [WMD=0.22, CI 0.06, 0.37], and did not increase the incidence of postoperative complications. There were no significant differences between the two surgical procedures in the Oswestry disability index (ODI) reduction [WMD=0.36, CI -0.79, 1.50], intraoperative blood loss [WMD = -1.23, CI -4.46, 2.00] and the length of the surgical incision [WMD = 0.08, CI -0.01, 0.18]. However, the operation time of the repair group was slightly longer than non-repair group [WMD =6.73, CI 2.80, 10.66]. Conclusion Discectomy combined with AF repair is superior to discectomy regarding postoperative recurrence rate, reoperation rate and postoperative pain relief, but the operation time is slightly longer than the latter. There is no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss, length of surgical incision, postoperative complication rate and reduction in ODI between the two surgical procedures.
Mutation of COL2A1 in a Chinese Family with Presentations of Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
Authors: yan denglu , Wang zhaojie , Zhang Zhi
Published: January 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to identify genetic factors and chromosomal regions contributing to osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) in a Chinese family with presentations of Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease (LCDP).
Methods: In this study, we performed whole exon sequencing of a Chinese family with LCPD for mutation detection. Ten members had ONFH in twenty-seven family members in four generations family, 5 unaffected members of the studied family and 5 normal peoples as control were underwent whole exome sequencing for mutation detection. Structural modeling test was applied to analyze the potential structural changes caused by the missense substitution.
Results: In this Chinese family affected by LCPD, the mutation (c.3508 G>A, p. Gly1170Ser) in exon 50 of COL2A1 in the Gly–X–Y domain was present in 10 patients but absent in 5 unaffected members of the studied family and in 5 control chromosomes from unaffected individuals of matched geographical ancestry. The COL2A1 gene mutation was further validated by Sanger sequencing, confirmed that were heterozygous for the mutation. Then, we identified the p.Gly1170Ser mutation in exon 50 of COL2A1 in a Chinese family with LCPD.
Conclusions: This study maps the mutation of mutation (c.3508 G>A, p. Gly1170Ser) in exon 50 of COL2A1 in the Gly–X–Y domain in a Chinese family of LCPD, which causes osteonecrosis of femoral head.
Resting energy expenditure from DXA: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Venturini Ana Claudia Rossini , Silva Analiza Mónica , Abdalla Pedro Pugliesi , Santos André Pereira , Borges Franciane Goes , Alves Thiago Cândido , Siqueira Vitor Antonio Assis Alves , Alves Natália Maíra da Cruz , Ferriolli Eduardo , Coelho Eduardo Barbosa , Machado Dalmo Roberto Lopes
Published: January 2020

Background: The traditional methods used to estimate Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) is bases of the indirect calorimetry (IC) is a global approach, and does not consider the different metabolic activities of organs (heart, kidney and liver), bone tissue (BT), adipose tissue (AT) and skeletal muscle tissue (SMT). Then, our objective is to validate a 3C approach model of REE measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) based on IC. Methods: Participated in this cross-sectional study 155 college students, both sexes (18 to 30 years old). Anthropometric measures, REEs estimated via IC and whole-body DXA-scan (3C approach) were determined. The REE of each component was determined after transforming the DXA components at the molecular level to the organ tissue level. Bland-Altman and proportional bias analysis were used to verify agreement between methods (IC and DXA). Results: The results show significant ( p<0.05 ) higher fat-free mass index (FFMI), cranial area and residual tissue (RT) in men. And they have smaller amounts of fat mass (FM) and AT in comparison to women. Also higher REEs ( p <0.001) were found among men for all components in comparison to women, except for AT expenditure ( p <0.001). Conclusions: This approach has important implications for the interpretation of multicomponent energy metabolism, considering interpersonal differences in terms of heat production. It is a strategy applicable in the health and sports contexts to prescribe exercises and diets because it shows the REE magnitude of each body component.
XXYLT1 Methylation Contributes to the Occurrence of Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zeng Hui , wang ying , wang ying , zhang yongjun
Published: January 2020

Objective: This study aimed to observe the methylation levels and mRNA expression of XXYLT1 and to further analyze their possible correlation with the risk of lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: Thirty patients with lung adenocarcinoma (fifteen men and fifteen women) were recruited in this study. Cancer tissues and para-carcinoma tissues were obtained from each of the patients. The expression levels of XXYLT1 mRNA were determined, and the DNA methylation status was analyzed by MassARRAY Spectrometry. The methylation data of individual units were generated by EpiTyper v1.0.5 software. Results: Among the male patients, the expression level of XXYLT1 mRNA was significantly higher in the para-carcinoma tissues compared to the cancer tissues. Meanwhile, among the male patients, the methylation rates of three CpG units (CpG_23, CpG_25, and CpG_60.61.62.63.64.65) within the XXYLT1 gene were lower in the para-carcinoma tissues compared to the cancer tissues.Conclusions: Our results show that XXYLT1 mRNA was down-regulated and methylation rates were increased in lung adenocarcinoma tissues than in para-carcinoma tissues. These suggested that methylation of XXYLT1 may have significance in the pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma. Additional research is required to elucidate this aspect.
VSL#3 Prevents Ulcerative Colitis Carcinogenesis in Mice and Cell by Regulating Inflammatory and Wnt/β-catenin Pathway
Authors: Li Wenbin , Wang Yanan , Wang Chunsaier , Wang Hongying , Ma Yiming , Yang Hong , Zhao Xinhua , Hu Xiaomin , Kao John Y , Qian Jiaming , Owyang Chung , Li Jingnan
Published: January 2020

Background : The exact mechanism of how VSL#3 prevents ulcerative colitis (UC) carcinogenesis is still not clear. We aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of VSL#3 on UC carcinogenesis in mice and cell. Methods: In mice, C57BL/6 mice were given azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium to establish the UC carcinogenesis model. The treatment groups received 5-ASA, VSL#3, 5-ASA combined with VSL#3 by gavage. The tumor load was compared in each group. TNF-α, IL-6 levels in colon tissue, the transcription activity of NF-κB and TCF-4 as well as the β-catenin distribution in the nuclei were assessed. In cell, Caco-2 cells, CCC-HIE-2 cells was co-cultured with Bifidobacterium, and was stimulated by IL-6 and TNF-α respectively. The relative luciferase activity, mRNA and protein level of β-catenin, expression of β-catenin in nucleoprotein, level of inflammatory factors, and transcriptional activity of NF-κB and TCF-4 was measured. Results: In mice, compared with the model control group, in VSL#3 and 5-ASA+VSL#3 groups, the tumor loads significantly decreased, the TNF-α and IL-6 level, the transcription activity of NF-κB, β-catenin expression in the nuclei, and transcription activity of TCF-4 were significantly lower. In cell, the level of TNF-α and IL-6 was down-regulated, transcription activities of NF-κB and TCF-4 were decreased, and the expression level of β-catenin in nucleus was distinctly declined in the Bifidobacterium co-culture group compared with non-co-culture group. Conclusion: VSL#3 inhibit tumor formation in UC carcinogenesis mice model by regulating inflammatory and Wnt/β-catenin Pathway. Similarly, Bifidobacterium co-culture can inhibit the activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in cell. Key Words: VSL#3, Ulcerative colitis carcinogenesis, Wnt/β-catenin
Use of Immunostaining for the Diagnosis of Lymphovascular Invasion in Superficial Barrett’s Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hosono Isao , Miyahara Ryoji , Furukawa Kazuhiro , Funasaka Kohei , Sawada Tsunaki , Maeda Keiko , Yamamura Takeshi , Ishikawa Takuya , Ohno Eizaburo , Nakamura Masanao , Kawashima Hiroki , Yokoi Takio , Hirooka Yoshiki , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro
Published: January 2020

Background: The prevalence of Barrett’s esophageal adenocarcinoma (BEA) is increasing in Japan. Accurate assessment of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) after endoscopic resection or surgery is essential in evaluating treatment response. This study aimed to assess the usefulness of immunostaining in determining the extent of LVI in superficial BEA.Methods: We included 41 patients who underwent endoscopic resection or surgery between January 2007 and July 2018. In all cases, 3-µm serial sections from paraffin-embedded resected specimens were used for hematoxylin and eosin (H-E) staining and immunostaining for D2-40 and CD31. A specialized gastrointestinal pathologist (T.Y.), blinded to clinical information, evaluated the extent of LVI from these specimens. The LVI-positivity rate was evaluated with respect to the depth of invasion, changes in the positivity rate on immunostaining, pathological characteristics of patients with LVI, lymph node metastasis or relapse, and course after treatment.Results: H-E staining alone identified LVI in 7 patients (positivity rate: 17.1%). Depths of invasion were categorized based on extension to the submucosa (SM) or deeper. On immunostaining for D2-40 and CD31, additional positivity was detected in 2 and 1 patients with SM1 and 1 SM3, respectively; LVI was detected in 10 patients (positivity rate: 24.4%). LVI-positivity rates with invasion of the superficial muscularis mucosa (SMM)/lamina propria (LPM)/deep muscularis mucosa (DMM), and SM 1, 2, and 3 were 0%, 75%, 28.6%, and 55.6%, respectively.Conclusions: Combined H-E staining and immunostaining is useful in diagnosing LVI in superficial BEA, particularly in endoscopically resected specimens.
Active constituents of Zanthoxylum nitidum from Yunnan Province against leukemia
Authors: Deng Ying , Ding Tongtong , Deng Lulu , Hao Xiaojiang , Mu Shu Zhen
Published: January 2020

Zanthoxylum nitidium (Roxb.) DC (Rutaceae) is well known for inhibiting the proliferation of human gastric, liver, kidney and lung cancer cells, whereas research on its potential use in treatments of leukaemia targeting Fli-1 gene is relatively rare. 26 compounds were isolated from the chloroform and petroleum ether extracts of the roots and leaves of Z. nitidium . The structures of four compounds ( 4-6 and 16 ) were confirmed and attributed for the first time by UV-visible spectroscopy, 1D and 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS. Compounds 1-2 and 11 were isolated from Z. nitidium for the first time. Of the assayed compounds, compounds 14 and 24 showed inhibitory activities against leukaemia HEL cells with IC 50 values of 3.59 and 15.95 µM. In addition, to further investigate the possible mechanism, the cell cycle and apoptosis assays were investigated for the first time, which indicated that compound 14 caused obvious S phase arrest in HEL cells and induced cell apoptosis, but compound 24 induced only cell apoptosis of HEL cells. These results suggested that compounds 14 and 24 were the potential candidates for anti-leukaemia drug for the first time.
Synthesis, Photophysical Property and Antibacterial Activity of Cu(II) and Co(II) Porphyrins: Role of Ligand Modification
Authors: Beyene belete , Achenef Getaneh
Published: January 2020

Many synthetic porphyrins are modified at the meso-position to achieve target properties in biomedical applications. The metalloporphyrins; CuTPP, CuTPPCOOMe, CuTPPNH 2 , CoTPPOMe and CoTPPCOOH were synthesized from their free base porphyrins and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. The Uv-Vis spectra show the decrease in number of Q bands from four to one/ two peaks and a blue shift when the metal is inserted in to the porphyrin core. They are capable of effecting bacterial and viral pathogens through the large number of different mechanisms. The antibacterial activity of the metalloporphyrins and their ligands were evaluated by using two gram positive and two gram negative bacteria by disc diffusion method. Among the complexes under study, CoTPPCOOH showed highest inhibition zone (15.5- 16.5) vs 25-28 for the famous standard antibacterial drug and therefore, highest antibacterial activities as compared to other porphyrins. The study also indicates that metalloporphyrins with electron withdrawing groups have highest inhibition zones than complexes which possess electro donating group at para position of the meso-phenyl ring.
Relationship between leg bone length and sprint performance in sprinters; Are there any event-related differences in 100-m and 400-m sprints?
Authors: Tomita Daichi , Suga Tadashi , Terada Masafumi , Tanaka Takahiro , Miyake Yuto , Ueno Hiromasa , Otsuka Mitsuo , Nagano Akinori , Isaka Tadao
Published: January 2020

Objective: This study examined the relationship between leg bone length and sprint performance in sprinters. The leg bone lengths in 28 100-m specialized sprinters and 28 400-m specialized sprinters were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. The lengths of the upper and lower leg bones were assessed by calculating the lengths of the femur and tibia, respectively. To minimize differences in body size among participants, both bone lengths were normalized to body height. The ratio of the tibial length to femoral length was calculated to evaluate the interaction between the lengths of the upper and lower leg bones. International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) scores, based on the personal best times of the sprinters in each group were used as parameters for sprint performance. Results: There were no significant correlations between absolute and relative lengths of the femur and tibia and IAAF scores in both 100-m and 400-m sprinters. By contrast, the ratio of the tibial length to femoral length correlated significantly with IAAF score in 400-m sprinters (r = 0.445, P = 0.018), but not 100-m sprinters. These findings suggest that the leg bone lengths may play an important role in achieving superior long sprint performance in 400-m specialized sprinters.
Hemodiafiltration with ultrafiltrate regeneration reduces free light chains without albumin loss in multiple myeloma patients.
Authors: de Mier M. Victoria Pendon-Ruiz , Ojeda Raquel , Álvarez-Lara M. Antonia , Navas Ana , Alonso Corona , Caballero-Villarraso Javier , Aljama Pedro , Álvarez Miguel A. , Soriano Sagrario , Rodríguez Mariano , Martín-Malo Alejandro
Published: January 2020

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in 12-20% of multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Several studies have shown a reduction of free light chains (FLC) using hemodialysis with High-Cut-Off membranes. However, this technique entails albumin loss. Hemodiafiltration with ultrafiltrate regeneration is a technique that includes a process of adsorption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of hemodiafiltration with ultrafiltrate regeneration in reducing FLC levels without causing albumin loss. Methods This is an observational study (2012 to 2018) including eleven patients with MM (6 kappa, 5 lambda) and AKI. All patients were treated with chemotherapy and hemodiafiltration with ultrafiltrate regeneration. Blood Samples (pre and post-dialysis) and ultrafiltrate were collected pre and post-resin at 5 minutes after initiation of the session and 5 minutes before the end of the procedure. Results The serum levels of kappa and lambda were reduced by a 53±14% and 33±22% respectively. Serum albumin concentration remained unchanged after the procedure. In the ultrafiltrate, the mean FLC reduction ratio shortly after initiation of the dialysis procedure was: 99.2% and 97.06% for kappa and lambda respectively, and only 0.7% for albumin; and at the end of the session the percent reduction was: 63.7% and 33.62% for kappa and lambda respectively, and 0.015% for albumin. Patients clinical outcome was: 36.4% recovered renal function, 18.2% died during the first year and 45.45% required maintenance dialysis. Conclusions Hemodiafiltration with ultrafiltrate regeneration reduces FLC levels without producing a significant loss of albumin; and, FLC removal is maintained throughout the session. Therefore, hemodiafiltration with ultrafiltrate regeneration may be considered an effective adjunctive therapy in patients with MM.
Elevating sestrin2 attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress and improves functional recovery through autophagy activation after spinal cord injury
Authors: Li Yao , Zhang Jing , Zhou Kailiang , Xie Ling , Xiang Guangheng , Fang Mingqiao , Han Wen , Wang Xiangyang , Xiao Jian
Published: January 2020

Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating central neurological trauma that causes a loss of motor and sensory function. Sestrin2, also known as hypoxia inducible gene 95 (Hi95), is emerging as a critical determinant of cell homeostasis in response to cellular stress. However, the role of sestrin2 in neuron response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and potential mechanism remains undefined. In this study, we investigated the effects of sestrin2 on ER stress and delineated a underlying molecular mechanism after SCI. Methods The induction of sestrin2 after traumatic injury and ER stress insult were investigated in vitro and in vivo. West blot and immunofluorescence were used to analyze the potential mechanisms of sestrin2 on autophagy and ER stress after SCI. Behavior assessment were used to evaluated the effect of sestrin2 on function recovery in vivo. Results Elevated sestrin2 is a protective process in neurons against chemical ER stress induced by tunicamycin (TM) or traumatic invasion. While treatment with PERK inhibitor or knockdown of ATF4 reduces sestrin2 expression upon ER stress. In addition, overexpression of sestrin2 limits ER stress, promotes the survival of neuron and improves functional recovery after SCI, which is associated with activation of autophagy and restoration of autophagic flux mediated by sestrin2. Meanwhile, sestrin2 activates autophagy dependent on AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway. Consistently, inhibition of AMPK abrogates the effect of sestrin2 on activation of autophagy, and blockage of autophagic flux abolishes the effect of sestrin2 on limiting ER stress and neural death. Conclusion Upregulation of sestrin2 as an important resistance mechanism of neuron to ER stress, and its potential role as a therapeutic target for SCI.
Modulation of HOXA9 after skeletal muscle denervation and reinnervation
Authors: Lu Xiaomei , Liang Bingsheng , Li Shuaijie , Chen Zhi , Chang Wenkai
Published: January 2020

Background HOXA9 (Homeobox A9), whose expression is promoted by MLL1 (Mixed Lineage Leukemia 1) and WDR5 (WD-40 repeat protein 5), is a homeodomain-containing transcription factor which plays an essential role in regulating stem cell activity. HOXA9 inhibits regeneration of skeletal muscle and delays the recovery after muscle wound in aged mice, but is little known in denervated/reinnervated muscles. Methods we performed detailed time-process expression analysis on HOXA9 and its promotors, MLL1 and WDR5, in the rat gastrocnemius muscle after three types of sciatic nerve surgeries: nerve transection (denervation); end-to-end repairing (repairing); and the sham operation. Then the specific mechanisms of Hoxa9 were detected in vitro through primary satellite cells transfected respectively by pIRES2-DsRed2 empty plasmids, pIRES2-DsRed2-HOXA9 plasmids, pPLK/ GFP -Puro empty plasmids, and pPLK/GFP-Puro- HOXA9 shRNA plasmids. Results We found that HOXA9 expression was synchronous with the severity of muscle atrophy, as well as the upregulation of MLL1 and WDR5 associated with the denervation state to some extent. Indeed, experiments with primary satellite cells revealed that HOXA9 inhibited myogenic differentiation, but not destroy the differentiation potential, influenced the best-known atrophic pathways, and promoted apoptosis. Conclusion HOXA9 may play a pro-atrophic role in denervated muscle atrophy.
Tim-3 promotes cell aggressiveness and paclitaxel resistance through the NF-κB /STAT3 signaling pathway in breast cancer
Authors: Cong Yizi , Cui Yuxin , Zhu Shiguang , Cao Jianqiao , Qiao Guangdong , Zou Haidong , Jiang Wenguo , Yu Zhigang
Published: January 2020

Background: T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing molecule-3 (Tim-3) has been recognized as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy, but its exact role in breast cancer has not been fully elucidated. Methods: The gene expression level of Tim-3 in breast cancer and its prognostic significance were analysed. In vitro functions and associated mechanisms were then explored through establishing Tim-3 overexpressing breast cancer cells. Results: The gene expression level of Tim-3 was significantly higher (p<0.001) in breast cancer tissue compared to normal tissue following pooled analysis of the TCGA database. Tim-3 was a prognosis indicator in breast cancer patients as shown by KM-plotter (RFS: p=0.004; OS: p=0.099). Overexpression of the Tim-3 in Tim-3 low breast cancer cells promoted aggressiveness of breast cancer cells including proliferation, migration, invasion, tight junction deterioration and tumour-associated tubal formation. Furthermore, Tim-3 enhanced cellular resistance to paclitaxel. Tim-3 exerted its function by activating the NF-κB/STAT3 signalling pathway, and mediating gene regulation (upregulating CCND1, C-Myc, MMP1, TWIST, VEGF while downregulating E-cadherin). Additionally, Tim-3 downregulated tight junction molecules: ZO-2, ZO-1 and Occludin, which might further facilitate the tumour progression. Conclusions: Tim-3 plays a tumour-promoting role in breast cancer, suggesting that targeting Tim-3 may acquire a clinical benefit in antitumor therapy. Keywords: breast cancer, Tim-3, tight junction, chemoresistance, aggressiveness.
Metabolism, ATP production and biofilm generation by Staphylococcus epidermidis in either respiratory or fermentative conditions
Authors: Pedroza-Davila Ulrik , Uribe-Alvarez Cristina , Morales-Garcia Lilia , Espinosa-Simon Emilio , Méndez-Romero Ofelia , Muhlia-Almazán Adriana , Chiquete Natalia , Uribe-Carvajal Salvador
Published: January 2020

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a Gram-positive saprophytic bacterium found in the microaerobic/anaerobic layers of the skin that becomes a health hazard when it is carried across the skin through punctures or wounds. Pathogenicity is enhanced by the ability of S. epidermidis to associate into biofilms, where it avoids attacks by the organism and antibiotics . To test the effect of oxygen on metabolism and biofilm generation, cells were cultured at different oxygen concentrations ([O2 ]). As [O2 ] decreased, S. epidermidis metabolism went from respiratory to fermentative. Remarkably, the rate of growth decreased at low [O 2 ] while a high concentration of ATP ([ATP]) was kept. Under hypoxic conditions bacteria associated into biofilms. Aerobic activity sensitized the cell to hydrogen peroxide-mediated damage. In the presence of metabolic inhibitors, biofilm formation decreased. It is suggested that at low [O2 ] S. epidermidis limits its growth and develops the ability to form biofilms.
An assay for quantification of male and female gametocytes in human blood by qRT-PCR in the absence of pure gametocyte standards
Authors: Wang Claire YT , Ballard Emma , Llewellyn Stacey , Marquart Louise , Bousema Teun , McCarthy James S. , Collins Katharine A
Published: January 2020

Background Malaria transmission from humans to mosquitoes requires the presence of gametocytes in human peripheral circulation, and the dynamics of transmission are determined largely by the density and sex ratio of the gametocytes. Molecular methods are thus employed to measure gametocyte densities, particularly when assessing transmission epidemiology and the efficacy of transmission-blocking interventions. However accurate quantification of gametocytes with molecular methods requires pure male and female gametocytes as reference standards, which are not widely available. Methods qRT-PCR assays were used to quantify levels of sex-specific mRNA transcripts in Plasmodium falciparum female and male gametocytes ( pfs25 and pfMGET respectively) using synthetic cRNA standards and in-vitro cultured gametocytes. Assay were validated and assay performance was investigated using blood samples of clinical trial participants (ClinicalTrials.gov reference number NCT02431637 and NCT02431650) using these standards and compared to absolute quantification by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Results The number of transcript copies per gametocyte were determined to be 279.3 (95% CI 253.5 - 307.6) for the female-specific transcript pfs25, and 12.5 (95% CI 10.6 - 14.9) for the male-specific transcript pfMGET . These numbers can be used to convert from transcript copies/mL to gametocyte/mL. The reportable range was determined to be 5.71x10 6 to 5.71 gametocytes/mL for pfs25, and 1.73x10 7 to 5.59 for pfMGET. The limit of detection was 3.9 (95% CI 2.5-8.2) gametocytes/mL for pfs25, and 26.9 (95% CI 19.3 - 51.7) gametocytes/mL for PfMGET . Both assays showed minimal intra-assay and inter-assay variability with coefficient of variation < 3%. No cross-reactivity was observed in both assays in uninfected human blood samples. Comparison of results from ddPCR to qRT-PCR assays on clinical blood samples indicated high level agreement (ICC=0.998 for pfs25 and 0.995 for pfMGET ). Conclusions We developed and validated qRT-PCR assays that are able to accurately quantify levels of female and male P. falciparum gametocytes at submicroscopic densities. The assays showed excellent reproducibility, sensitivity, precision, specificity and accuracy. The methodology will enable the estimation of gametocyte density in the absence of pure female and male gametocyte standards, and will facilitate clinical trials and epidemiological studies.
Using and index of wellbeing for older people in small areas of Australia to assist identifying services required
Authors: Miranti Riyana , Tanton Robert , Vidyattama Yogi , Tuli Sajeda
Published: January 2020

Background: For older people, place is crucial as it is where support networks, social relationships and family are. Older people develop a sense of belonging to their local community through participation and place is strongly linked to personal histories. For older people, ageing in their own home also allows for continuity of relationships and informal support networks in the area.While there are significant benefits of ageing in place, for older people with low wellbeing, the provision of services is going to be essential to allow them to age in place. Therefore, this article aims to identify areas where older people have low wellbeing using an index of wellbeing developed using a range of data; and to show how the domains and indicators can be used to identify why older people in an area have low wellbeing. This analysis can then be used to help to identify what types of services are required to improve wellbeing in an area of low wellbeing best. Methods: We use Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to create the Index of Wellbeing for Older Australians, for each domain and then adding the domains together using a transformation. One of the advantages of this method is that areas can be identified as having low wellbeing, but then using the domains, the reason for the low wellbeing can be identified.A case study is used to show how low wellbeing can be attributed to a particular domain in the area; and then show how the indicators that were used for this domain can be used to identify exactly what is driving the low wellbeing for older people in the area.Results: Our overall findings show that the participation domain matters as the proportion of older people who are volunteers has the highest contribution to the well being index followed closely by the employment rate of older people. In contrast, functional ability domain reveals the need for assistance indicator has the highest contribution to reduce the wellbeing. Conclusion: We conclude that the index method used encourages the de-construction of the overall index, and provides a way to inform service providers in an area on the most effective ways to enhance wellbeing for older people in an area.
Duloxetine induced neural cell death and promoted neurite outgrowth in N2a cells
Authors: Gao Wanli , Chen Rui , Xie Nan , Tang Daolin , Zhou Borong , Wang Ding
Published: January 2020

Background: Duloxetine is a clinical drug that is primarily used for treatment of depression and pain, but it has side effects of addiction and tolerance. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is its metabolic enzyme, and the drug’s biofunction results from its neuro-protective effect in animal and cell models. We aimed to investigate the duloxetine-induced neural cytotoxicity effect and its performance in an N2a cell neurite outgrowth model.Methods: Cell death was assessed as cell viability using a Cell Count Kit-8 and further evaluated using bright field images, propidium iodide (PI) and annexin V staining, colony formation analysis, TUNEL staining of the cells and biochemical testing. N2a cells were committed to differentiation by serum withdrawal and RA induction, and the neurite outgrowth was evaluated as the number of differentiated cells, longest neurite length and average neurite length. Cell cycle analysis, PI and annexin V staining and biochemical testing were used to evaluate the drug effects on differentiation.Results: The induction of neural cell death by duloxetine was not affected by classic cell death inhibitors but was promoted by the CYP inducer rifampicin. N2a cell neurite outgrowth was promoted by duloxetine via reduction of the CYP2D6 and MDA levels.Conclusions: Duloxetine induces neural cell death through effects on CYP and promotes N2a cell neurite outgrowth by regulating CYP and the intracellular lipid peroxidation level.
Exosome-mediated miR-1290 regulation of SLU7 affects hepatocellular carcinoma process
Authors: Li Fuyong , Fan Tingyong , Zhang Hao , Sun Yumin
Published: January 2020

Objective: Liver cancer, as a very common malignant tumor in clinic, has a high incidence rate and a poor prognosis. Understanding the relationship of exosomes miR-1290 and SLU7 with liver cancer may be a breakthrough in the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer in the future.Methods: Altogether 64 patients with liver cancer and 58 healthy people in Shandong Cancer Hospital affiliated to Shandong University were collected, and liver cancer cells were purchased. qPCR was used to detect the mRNA levels of miR-1290 and SLU7. Western blot was used to detect the relative expression of SLU7 protein, and the effect of exosomes miR-1290 and SLU7 on the biological behavior of liver cancer cells was analyzed. Double fluorescein reporter was used to verify the targeted relationship between miR-1290 and SLU7.Results: miR-1290 was highly expressed in liver cancer (P< 0.050) and SLU7 was poorly expressed in liver cancer (P< 0.050). Exosomes miR-1290 could inhibit the relative expression of SLU7 protein (p < 0.050), promote the proliferation, invasion, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of liver cancer cells, and reduce the ability of apoptosis (P< 0.050). Double luciferase report and rescue experiment confirmed that miR-1290 and SLU7 had targeted relationship (P< 0.050).Conclusion: Exosomes miR-1290 may be a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer in the future through targeting inhibition of SLU7 in the occurrence and development of liver cancer.
Association between Muscular Strength and Depressive Symptoms among Chinese Nursing Freshmen—A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Guo Liya , Cao Jianhua , Li Yingke , Yang Guang , cheng peng , Hao Zongji , Yao Hui , Shi Dongzhe , Chen Chang , Peng Li , Ren Zhongyu
Published: January 2020

Increased physical activity level is related to lower risk of depressive symptoms, and an inverse association between muscular strength and risk of depressive symptoms among the elderly population. However, the association among younger adults is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the association between muscle strength, using handgrip strength as a representative of skeletal muscle strength, and the risk of depressive symptoms among Chinese female college freshman. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 867 participants aged between 16-23 years. Handgrip strength was measured with a handheld digital Smedley dynamometer, and depressive symptoms were evaluated using the 20-item Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS) with 3 cut-off points to indicate elevated depressive symptoms. We found that 10.7% of participants (17.2% or 29.2%) were classified as having moderate to severe depressive symptoms using 50 as the cut-off point. After adjusting for these potential confounders, the adjusted odds ratios for moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms across tertile of relative handgrip strength were 1.00 (reference) for tertile 1, 0.61 (95% CI: 0.35, 1.04) for tertile 2, and 0.53 (95% CI: 0.39, 0.94) for tertile 3 (P for trend: 0.024). The significant associations remained when other cut-off points (SDS 48 or 45) were used. Interactions between the handgrip strength and potential confounders for depressive symptoms in the final models were insignificant. This study showed that handgrip strength is inversely and independently related to the risk of depressive symptoms among Chinese female college freshman. These results can help with the development of an effective intervention strategy against depression. For future research, it is important to explore the causality of the effects of handgrip strength on the depressive symptoms by intervention study.
Analysis of molecular mechanism for acceleration of polyembryony using gene functional annotation pipeline in Copidosoma floridanum
Authors: Sakamoto Takuma , Nishiko Maaya , Bono Hidemasa , Nakazato Takeru , Yoshimura Jin , Tabunoki Hiroko , Iwabuchi Kikuo
Published: January 2020

Background: Polyembryony is defined as the formation of several embryos from a single egg. This phenomenon can occur in humans, armadillo, and some endoparasitoid insects. However, the mechanism underlying polyembryogenesis in animals remains to be elucidated. The polyembryonic parasitoid wasp Copidosoma floridanum oviposits its egg into an egg of the host insect; eventually, over 2,000 individuals will arise from one egg. Previously, we reported that polyembryogenesis is enhanced when the juvenile hormone (JH) added to the culture medium in the embryo culture. Hence, in the present study, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis to investigate the molecular mechanisms controlling polyembryogenesis of C. floridanum . Functional annotation of genes is not fully available for C.floridanum ; however, whole genome assembly has been archived. Hence, we constructed a pipeline for gene functional annotation in C. floridanum and performed molecular network analysis. We analyzed differentially expressed genes between control and JH-treated molura after 48 h of culture, then used the tblastx program to assign whole C. floridanum transcripts to human gene.
Results: We obtained 11,117 transcripts in the JH treatment group and identified 217 differentially expressed genes compared with the control group. As a result, 76% of C. floridanum transcripts were assigned to human genes. Gene enrichment analysis revealed genes associated with platelet degranulation, fatty acid biosynthesis, cell morphogenesis in the differentiation and integrin signaling pathways were fluctuated following JH treatment. Furthermore, Cytoscape analysis revealed a molecular interaction that was possibly associated with polyembryogenesis .
Conclusions: We have constructed a pipeline for gene functional annotation of C. floridanum , and identified transcripts with high similarity to human genes during early embryo developmental. Additionally, this study reveals new molecular interactions associated with polyembryogenesis; these interactions could indicate the molecular mechanisms underlying polyembryony. Our results highlight the potential utility of molecular interaction analysis in human twins.
History of Childhood Oppression, Inter-Temporal Resentment and Compliance with Codes of Harassment at the Workplace: An Offender’s Perspective
Authors: Akhter S. T. , Butt H.
Published: January 2020

This study tends to identify intents and inclinations that explain low/ high compliance with the codes of provocation/harassment, at the workplace. Despite the reason and the fact that most literature on the subject takes into account the perspective of victims of harassment at workplace, this study prefers to take cross-sectional basis of the offender’s perspective. Studies on matters of harassment are generally prone to potential syndromes such as ‘accuse the victim’ and deliberation by state institutions in under-reporting of crime. Victims of sexual harassment, in most of the cases, don’t tend to share such sensitive information, instantaneously. Generally, past happenings of provocation and harassment are not been disclosed for decades, may be due to ‘social desirability bias’ or due to apprehension of losing job/career, as in most of such cases some senior fellow at the workplace is found involved in such provocation. An in-depth and detailed questionnaire with several sections has been furnished and floated primarily among male counterparts at the workplace, in Pakistan. In order to acquire responses with minimal biases, a counter biasing statement was included as part of the interview, while respondents were deemed assured that their identity and responses won’t be revealed to any other person or institution. In order to be cautious and prudent about the credibility of the proposed study and in ensuring concurrent validity of the analysis, three competing models: Ordered Logit; Ordered Probit; and Robust regression have been estimated. Estimated models, consistently suggested: positive and significant impact of strong neighbourhood effect upon intent of provocation; positive and strong impact of personality trait jealousy; high and significant intent of provocation by persons with high exposure to abuse in form of witnessing or experiencing; while the most interesting finding is that persons with a strong history of abuse in their childhood, especially by their close relatives, develop resentment overtime against provocations, and have high compliance with codes of sexual harassment. Keywords: Sexual harassment, Childhood provocation, Chronic fatigue syndrome, Inter-temporal, Ordered-logit, Ordered-probit, Robust regression.
Factors Affecting Customer Satisfaction of the Ride-sharing Industry in Bangladesh
Authors: Jahan M.
Published: January 2020

This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the statistical analysis on the issue of customer satisfaction with the ride-sharing industry in Bangladesh. The objective of this study is to explore and assess the factors that affect the satisfaction level of ride-sharing users in Bangladesh. Systematization of literary sources and approaches for solving the problem of customer dissatisfaction indicates that there are real problems with the services of the ride-sharing companies. The relevance of the decision of this statistical analysis is that speed, cost, and convenience of ride influence the level of customer satisfaction. As the ride-sharing companies store the personal data while using the application, they were accused of using those data illegally and without users’ consent which goes against the business ethics principles. Investigation of the topic proves that if the ride-sharing companies can reduce the cost of the ride, increase the speed and convenience of the ride and run their business ethically customers will be more satisfied than before. Analysis in the paper is carried out in the following logical sequence: the statistical data available are analyzed, and then a survey is done, which reveals some factors that affect customer satisfaction. Methodological tools of the research methods were analysis and synthesis of the available data, survey, and statistical methods: hypothesis testing through binary logistic regression analysis with Hosmer-Lemeshow test which proves that there are significant relationships between some factors. The object of the research is factors that affect the customer satisfaction of the ride-sharing industry in Bangladesh. The study found speed of ride as the most significantly influential factor (regression coefficient) ([Coef.] =2.707, Odds Ratio [OR] =14.9899, p<0.01) followed by cost of ride (Coef. =2.291, OR=9.8883, p<0.01) and convenience of ride (Coef. =1.969, OR=7.1641, p<0.01). However, the security of ride, waiting time for the car and behavior of drivers were found insignificant. The model explains 78.44% deviance (Coefficient of determination, R2 =0.7844) in the response variable with its constructs. And the “Hosmer-Lemeshow” goodness-of-fit score (1.00) is also above the standard threshold (0.05), which indicates the data fit well with the model. The research empirically confirms and statistically proves that reducing the cost, increasing the speed and convenience of the ride can significantly impact customer satisfaction along with some other factors including maintaining business ethics, the confidentiality of personal data, improving vehicle fitness, service availability, and safety driving. The findings of this study are expected to be helpful for ride-sharing service providers to gain a better understanding of the factors that impact the customer satisfaction of the ride-sharing industry in Bangladesh.
Keywords: Bangladesh, Business-ethics, Congestion, Customer-satisfaction, Ride-sharing.
DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION VISUALIZATION METHODS FOR USE IN MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS
Authors: Hrabovskyi Yevhen , Brynza Natalia , Vilkhivska Olga
Published: January 2020

The aim of the article is development of a technique for visualizing information for use in multimedia applications. In this study, to visualize information, it is proposed first to compile a list of key terms of the subject area and create data tables. Based on the structuring of fragments of the subject area, a visual display of key terms in the form of pictograms, a visual display of key terms in the form of images, and a visual display of data tables are performed. The types of visual structures that should be used to visualize information for further use in multimedia applications are considered. The analysis of existing visual structures in desktop publishing systems and word processors is performed.

To build a mechanism for visualizing information about the task as a presentation, a multimedia application is developed using Microsoft Visual Studio software, the C# programming language by using the Windows Forms application programming interface. An algorithm is proposed for separating pieces of information text that have key terms. Tabular data was visualized using the “parametric ruler” metaphorical visualization method, based on the metaphor of a slide rule.

The use of the parametric ruler method on the example of data visualization for the font design of children's publications is proposed. Interaction of using the method is ensured due to the fact that the user will enter the size of the size that interests for it and will see the ratio of the values of other parameters. The practical result of the work is the creation of a multimedia application “Visualization of Publishing Standards” for the visualization of information for the font design of publications for children. The result of the software implementation is the finished multimedia applications, which, according to the standardization visualization technique in terms of prepress preparation of publications, is the final product of the third stage of the presentation of the visual form
MISSION TO MARS: RADIATION SAFETY OR RADIATION DISASTER? SPACE TRANSIT AND MARS RADIATION EXPOSURE RISKS – THE POTENTIAL SHIELDING EFFECT OF AN INTRAVEHICULAR GRAPHENE SPACE SUIT AND A STORM SHELTER DURING SPACE TRAVEL
Authors: Squire Tim , Buchanan Grant , Elsaleh Hany
Published: January 2020

Aim

The purpose of this research was to employ radiobiological as well as physics principles to investigate materials for an intravehicular spacesuit and a “storm shelter” that might minimize radiation exposure to astronauts during a mission to Mars.

Methods

NASA’s OLTARIS space radiation modelling tool was used to investigate thirty-two potential shielding materials. Radiation exposure was estimated during a return transit to Mars of 360 days duration. We assessed each shielding material by its ability to decrease effective radiation dose received by a computerized phantom during the constant galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) and a single solar particle event (SPE). For the “storm shelter” a large liquid fuel tank was modelled adjacent to the phantom during a SPE.

Results

At standard conditions, graphene appeared to be a promising shielding material when comparing other materials including polyethylene and lithium. The shielding efficacy became comparable to polyethylene but inferior to lithium when materials were normalised to 10g/cm2, 20g/cm2 and 30g/cm2. The graphene around the phantom reduced effective dose from GCR compared with an unshielded transit by 34% (162mSv/yr vs 213.3mSv/yr). A “storm shelter” using a liquid fuel tank was positioned to create a barrier adjacent to the astronauts. The liquid barrier reduced effective dose by 98.8% (44mSv vs 3614mSv). Other mitigation strategies were deduced and divided into launch, transit and habitation considerations.

Conclusion

A graphene based intravehicular suit could decrease astronaut exposure to harmful radiation during transit to Mars. A storm shelter using fuel as a barrier also decreased radiation dose during a solar particle event.
A Wayfarer in a Land of the Free: American Sufism in the Age of DIY Religiosity
Authors: Yusak Nailil Muna
Published: January 2020

This paper observes theological shift towards a personalized spirituality of Muslim religiosity in America. In the face of global resurgence of Islamic movement and its ambitious call towards purification, personalized form of Islam is strongly criticized to be deviant and a mere practice of heresy. Islamic mysticism or commonly known as Sufism gained more popularity in modern America for its stress on God’s mercy over exclusive legalism in understanding cosmic law and the divine consequences. Over the year, it has proven its catalytic role for a more peaceful interreligious understanding on account to reflexivity and cosmopolitan consciousness. Drawing from a recent scholarship by Ulrich Beck on individualized religion, this paper explores; process of individualization of religion in forming modern American religious experience and the socio-cultural relevance of Sufism in shaping contemporary religious relation of Islam in America. Data utilized in this research draws upon interviews and observational fieldworks in the East Coast America.