bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre-operative and post-operative audiological evaluation of type 1 tympanoplasty and comparison between temporalis fascia graft and tragal perichondrium graft
Authors: Singh Satguru Saran , Parmar Sandip M. , Sood Abhey , Saroha Nilank , Chaudhary Meenu
Published: May 2021

Background: Aim of the study was to evaluate the hearing improvement of type 1 tympanoplasty performed by using autologous temporalis fascia and autologous tragal perichondrium graft in successfully operated and graft uptake cases, with respect to age, sex, size of perforation and type of graft.

Methods: This prospective study consists of total 100 patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) tubotympanic disease who have undergone type 1 tympanoplasty. Randomization of patients was done. Every alternate patient was divided accordingly in to two groups-one in temporalis fascia graft group and another in tragal perichondrium graft group. Pure tone audiometry (PTA) was performed preoperatively and 3 months after surgery. Cases with successful graft uptake were included in the study. Statistical comparisons were performed using the t test, and ANOVA test.

Results: In this study maximum numbers of patients were found in the age group of 15-30 years. Study showed that audiological benefits were more in males in comparison to females. Large size of perforation showed more improvement due to more air bone gap in comparison to medium size and small size perforation of ears. Audiological improvement occurred in 94% of cases, 3% cases worsened and 3% cases showed no change. More improvement was found in temporalis fascia graft in comparison to tragal perichondrium graft.

Conclusions: Type 1 tympanoplasty is a safe and effective technique to improve the quality of life of patients. Size of perforation, type of graft was found to have a major effect on the final outcome of surgery.
Measurements of middle ear functioning- traditional (acoustic impedance and acoustic admittance) and modern (middle ear reflectance and middle ear absorbance): a review
Authors: Saxena Udit , Kumar S. B. Rathna , Singh Bhanu Pratap
Published: May 2021

Estimation of the middle ear functioning is necessary for the assessment and management of the middle ear disorders. It is also crucial for deciding upon the management of hearing loss. Though very important for audiologists and otologist clinically, there are many misconceptions behind the scientific principle/rationale and confusions related to the terminologies and units used for the measurements of middle ear functioning such as acoustic impedance, acoustic admittance, middle ear reflectance and middle ear absorbance. Literature included in this review was searched from book chapters, instrument manuals, journal articles, monographs, scientific guidelines and standard specifications on the related topics. This review work threw light and eases understanding on the principles used by different instruments to estimate various measures of middle ear functioning. It will enhance understanding of the measurements and also of the relation between different measurements of middle ear functioning. Clinically, it will help professionals in analyzing results better considering the measurements variables (if present) and bring continuity in reporting the results of middle ear functioning.
Inter-American Development Bank Annual Report 1989
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: May 2021

The Annual Report contains a review of the Bank's operations in 1989.
Rodzina migracyjna beneficjentem sieci wsparcia w Polsce
Authors: Młyński Józef
Published: May 2021

The article addresses the issue of multiple networks of support for the migration family in Poland. As part of its support, it describes entities from which the family will disconnect in various life situations. The type of this assistance is adapted to many areas: children, youth, family and local community. The main purpose of this article is to show the network of multiple family support in migration separation in social policy at the scientific and practical level. The catalog of multiple support networks includes: the state, local government (children, family, seniors, school), religious associations (Church) and the media.
Nursing Students’ Perceived Disaster Preparedness and Response
Authors: Kamanyire Joy K , Wesonga Ronald , Achora Susan , Labrague Leodoro L , Malik Anju , Alshaqsi Sultan , Alhabsi Jamila AS
Published: May 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the perceived level of disaster preparedness and response among nursing students in Oman, as the country is disaster prone and experiences disasters every three to five years. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional pilot study was conducted from May to June 2019 using a stratified cluster sampling method among nursing students recruited from two government nursing colleges in Muscat, Oman. The Disaster Preparedness Evaluation Tool and Disaster Response Self-Efficacy Scale were used to assess the knowledge, skill, disaster management and self-efficacy in handling disasters. Results: A total of 51 students participated in this study. Most students (78.4%) had experienced a disaster while at home. Overall, the students had moderate levels of knowledge (3.17 ± 1.49), skill (3.12 ± 1.52), post-disaster management (3.22 ± 1.44) and self efficacy in responding to disaster (2.93 ± 1.16). Conclusion: Nursing students in Oman have experienced disasters and are willing to respond when called upon though they possess moderate knowledge and confidence in handling disasters.

Keywords: Disasters; Nursing Students; Pilot Study; Oman.
Impact of a Preparatory Year Programme on the Students of Health Professions Education Colleges
Authors: Aldarmahi Ahmed , Al-Rabia Mohammed , Alserhani Fatimah , Alzahrani Hanan , Alrabia Norah , Alrubayyi Abdulaziz , Atwa Hani
Published: May 2021

Objectives: The preparatory year programme (PYP) at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, is a one-year programme for students preparing for a full multi-year degree curriculum at a university. It offers a bridge between high-school and university-level studies of the students. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the King Abdulaziz University PYP on students of the health professions education colleges from the viewpoints of the students and the faculty. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted between May 2019 and January 2020 at King Abdulaziz University, in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and was based on data collected from both students and faculty to assess their perceptions. The data were collected from students through self-administered questionnaires and from faculty members through structured interviews. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Results: A total of 633 students responded to the questionnaire (response rate: 88.3%), of which almost half agreed that the PYP made them self-confident and reinforced their discipline (49.2% and 46.9%, respectively). Less than two-thirds agreed that the preparatory year reinforced their sense of responsibility and helped them adapt to the university educational environment (60.6% and 64.3%, respectively). Conversely, more than half (58.5%) disagreed that the preparatory year classes helped them select their majors as well as that the preparatory year prepared them for their major classes (57.2%). A total of 24 faculty members who taught PYP students claimed that there should be careful consideration of the contents of the courses offered to the students in the preparatory year programme, especially the content related to the healthcare profession education. They argued that it is better to have a separate track in the PYP that includes subjects directly related to the study of health professions (such as molecular sciences, genetics, medical terminology, English for medical purposes, etc.). Conclusion: The impact of the PYP on students attending the health professions colleges was found to be weak as per the perceptions of both students and faculty members. In-depth studies are necessary for further investigation of this impact.
Keywords: Universities; Health Occupations; Undergraduate Medical Education; Curriculum; Saudi Arabia.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO QUÍMICA, TEOR DE COMPOSTOS BIOATIVOS E ATIVIDADE ANTIOXIDANTE DA FARINHA DE MANGA “TOMMY ATKINS”
Authors: Augusto Viana Andrade Guilherme , Souza Ribeiro Jéssica , CAMELO ELOI DE SOUZA CASSIARA , Mendonça Figueiredo Roseane , Elena Zanuto Márcia
Published: May 2021

A manga é considerada um dos frutos mais consumidos no Brasil, sendo a variedade Tommy Atkins a mais cultivada. Após colhida, sua respiração celular se intensifica, acelerando sua deterioração e reduzindo a sua vida de prateleira. Como alternativa, a secagem pode ser empregada com intuito de promover uma maior longevidade e facilidade de acesso ao mesmo. Nesse trabalho, desenvolveu-se uma farinha de casca e polpa de manga, por meio de secagem em estufa de renovação e circulação de ar forçado a 60°C por 37 horas, em condições que minimizassem as perdas de seus constituintes. Tanto o fruto quanto a farinha obtida foram analisados, determinando-se sua composição centesimal, teor de constituintes bioativos e capacidade antioxidante. O fruto apresentou baixo teor de lipídios, proteínas e taninos, considerável teor de vitamina C (64,61 ± 9,04 mg.100 g-1), carotenoides totais (4,36 ± 0,36 mg.100 g-1) e compostos fenólicos (487,95 ± 203,32 mg.100 g-1). A farinha também apresentou baixa concentração de proteínas, lipídios e taninos, alta concentração de fibras totais (4,80 ± 0,50 g.100 g-1), carotenoides totais (108,43 ± 9,76 mg.100 g-1) e compostos fenólicos (760,395 ± 53,79 mg.100 g-1). Tanto o fruto quanto a farinha de manga apresentaram elevada atividade antioxidante, correspondendo a 92,63% e 95,16%, respectivamente. O produto obtido da manga mostrou-se uma boa fonte de fibras totais, carotenoides totais e compostos fenólicos, com baixo teor de taninos. Estes resultados demonstram o potencial nutritivo da farinha de manga, que pode ser consumida diretamente ou adicionada em preparações como bolos, pães, biscoitos e sobremesas.
Blood meal as nitrogen source and its effect on disease severity on sweet corn
Authors: De Jesus Egues Martins Karina , Klem Miliati Camila , Viegas Neto Antonio Luiz , Maria Maraschi da Silva Piletti Lígia , Pelloso de Carvalho Rafael , Roberto Rigotte Márcio
Published: May 2021

A blood meal is a by-product of the meat processing industry and can be used as nitrogen fertilizer due to its minimum content of 10 % Nitrogen. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of doses of blood meal, such as nitrogen fertilizer in topdressing, on the production components and the severity of diseases in sweet corn. The experiment was developed at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Mato Grosso do Sul (IFMS), Ponta Porã campus, in a Quartzarenic Neosol. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with five treatments of blood meal doses of (0 kg ha-1; 48 kg ha-1; 96 kg ha-1; 120 kg ha-1 and 144 kg ha-1) and one treatment using urea for topdressing fertilization with 120 kg ha -1 of N. The experiment analyzed the severity of white spot on the tasseling and milk grain stages and also the production components: plant height, insertion height of the first ear, stalk diameter, length of the unhusked commercial ears, diameter of unhusked commercial ears, number of grain row, weight of husked commercial ears, weight of unhusked commercial ears and productivity in kg ha-1. The use of blood meal was as efficient as the use of urea as a nitrogen fertilizer for doses starting from 48 kg ha-1, the maximum productivity was obtained when the dose of 112 kg ha-1 of N blood meal was used. The severity of the white spot did not progress in treatments containing nitrogen fertilization in topdressing.
Effects of Nanofertilizers (Mg and Fe) and Planting Data on Productivity and Quality of Potato Tubers in Cold Desert Climate
Authors: Khodadadi Karooki Amir , Yavarzadeh Mohammadreza , Akbarian Mohammad Mehdi , Askari Ali Akbar
Published: May 2021

Interaction among nanofertilizers supply and planting data may yield synergistic outputs that could influence nutrient use efficiency. To provide insight on this phenomenon, a double split plot based on RCBD with 3 replications were laid out to evaluate the effects spraying solution of nanoparticles magnesium (Mg) and iron (Fe); 0.0 %, 1.0 %, and 2.0 % at flowering and tuber filling stages) and planting data (October 5, 2019 and October 25, 2019) on bioelements, protein nitrogen, and nitrates contents of Sante potato tubers in a cold desert climate (Kerman, Iran). Considering the control group, the use of different dosages of nanofertilizers resulted in a significant increase in the bioelements and pH contents. Besides effects of area and time of planting, their two and three effects on tuber chlorophyll contents were reported significant. The highest protein and nitrogen portion of the potato tubers were related to spraying solution of Mg (1.0 %) + Fe (2.0 %)  nanofertilizers. Increasing nanofertilizers supplementation reduced the nitrate content of potato tubers. The results indicated that the application of nanofertilizers significantly increased the carotenoid portion of the potato tubers. The interaction effects of nanofertilizers and planting data on chlorophyll index and calcium levels of potato tuberswere completely significant. Our analysis corroborated that application nanofertilizers by spraying during flowering and tuber filling stages enhances potato productivity and quality by improving bioelements or resulting in favorable physiological outcomes and is recommended to farmers.
Enfermedades transmitidas por vectores
Authors: Cabrera Orrego Ruth
Published: May 2021

Las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores tales como el dengue, la malaria o la babesiosis, constituyen problemas importantes de salud pública. Esta obra ofrece conceptos básicos acerca de los artrópodos, así como ejemplos de ciclos de transmisión de patógenos en donde algunos de ellos actúan como vectores. Los lectores encontrarán información clave de las principales enfermedades transmitidas por cada vector, así como figuras para colorear los elementos involucrados en cada ciclo de transmisión, entre otras actividades. La obra está dirigida a público en general y pretende avanzar en la apropiación social de este conocimiento.Las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores tales como el dengue, la malaria o la babesiosis, constituyen problemas importantes de salud pública. Esta obra ofrece conceptos básicos acerca de los artrópodos, así como ejemplos de ciclos de transmisión de patógenos en donde algunos de ellos actúan como vectores.
Aspectos do Empreendedorismo de Imigrantes Brasileiros em Perth, Austrália
Authors: Casado Renata , Cruz Eduardo Picanço , Falcão Roberto Pessoa de Queiroz
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: A pesquisa exploratória busca descrever a comunidade de empreendedores brasileiros em Perth, Austrália, quanto a suas aspirações, trajetórias migratórias e aspectos do empreendedorismo.Método: foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa de cunho exploratório, por meio da análise de 21 entrevistas em profundidade com empreendedores brasileiros dos mais diversos setores, estabelecidos na cidade de Perth, Oeste da Austrália.Principais resultados: Dentre os motivos para emigrar relatados destacam-se, o descontentamento com o Brasil e a busca por maior qualidade de vida. Dentre as razões para empreender, são relatadas a identificação de oportunidades, a busca por liberdade e ajuda aos colegas e familiares. A comunidade brasileira é vista pelos empresários como crucial para o estabelecimento de diversos negócios cujo público-alvo é a própria comunidade, mas também é encarada com certa desconfiança, evidenciado pelas ocorrências de falsas denúncias, denotando uma ética de negócios deturpada. São evidenciadas barreiras culturais e linguísticas, para empreender e trabalhar.   Relevância/originalidade: o empreendedorismo de imigrantes brasileiros no exterior é pouco pesquisado, particularmente na Austrália. O artigo evidencia o perfil sociodemográfico dos empreendedores, seus traços comportamentais, e faz uma descrição de seus negócios e das relações entre empreendedores e destes com sua comunidade.Contribuições teóricas: para o entendimento da estruturação dos negócios de imigrantes brasileiros, fatores relacionados e condicionantes.Contribuições para a gestão: apoiar empreendedores imigrantes brasileiros para vislumbrar caminhos, tendo como base os casos relatados, para que atuem com maior assertividade na gestão de seus negócios.
Vibration Analysis of Axially Functionally Graded Non-Prismatic Euler-Bernoulli Beams Using the Finite Difference Method
Authors: Fogang Valentin
Published: May 2021

This paper presents an approach to the vibration analysis of axially functionally graded (AFG) non-prismatic Euler-Bernoulli beams using the finite difference method (FDM). The characteristics (cross-sectional area, moment of inertia, elastic moduli, and mass density) of AFG beams vary along the longitudinal axis. The FDM is an approximate method for solving problems described with differential or partial differential equations. It does not involve solving differential equations; equations are formulated with values at selected points of the structure. The model developed in this paper consists of formulating differential or partial differential equations with finite differences and introducing new points (additional or imaginary points) at boundaries and positions of discontinuity (concentrated loads or moments, supports, hinges, springs, and brutal change of stiffness). The introduction of additional points allows satisfying boundary and continuity conditions. Vibration analysis of AFG non-prismatic Euler-Bernoulli beams was conducted with this model, and natural frequencies were determined. Finally, the direct time integration method (DTIM) was presented. The FDM-based DTIM enabled the analysis of forced vibration of AFG non-prismatic Euler-Bernoulli beams, considering the damping. The efforts and displacements could be determined at any time.
Unified Charge Vectors (UCV) Theory
Authors: Why Noam
Published: May 2021

A grand unification of electroweak and strong forces is presented based on a new idea called Unified Charged Vectors. Using this new concept, it is shown that: The electroweak and strong forces can be unified into a single electro-weak-strong force. The various charges and coupling constants of fermions (like the electroweak mixing angle) can be predicted, rather than presupposed. The Lagrangian symmetries can be predicted rather than presupposed. The standard model Lagrangian can be cast into a simple unified form.
Studying Humanitarianism - A Course Audit of Master's Degree Programs in Humanitarian Action
Authors: Stibral Adriana
Published: May 2021

Humanitarian emergencies are increasing globally and the world is facing the worst human displacement crisis since the end of World War II. The number of forcibly displaced people due to conflict, violence, severe weather events and complex emergencies has reached a record high of approximately 70 million. The United Nations estimates that 235 million people will urgently require humanitarian assistance in 2021 at a cost of approximately US$35 billion. The increase of emergencies as well as the expansion of the humanitarian sector are accompanied by growing levels of professionalisation. The past few decades are characterised by humanitarian reforms, and the emergence of new codes, standards and frameworks to provide improved, better coordinated humanitarian aid. The increasing professionalisation of humanitarian aid is also reflected in the rapid growth of professional training and formal education. University courses in the field of ‘humanitarian action’ are multiplying around the globe. This is especially the case at a master’s level and most visible in the ‘Global North’. Despite this trend, there is no universal agreement on a core course curriculum in Humanitarian Studies. This working paper surveys 23 ‘humanitarian action’ master’s degree programs offered in the US, the UK, Europe, Australia and Nigeria to identify key commonalities across courses. This paper does not put forth a proposal of how a core curriculum should look like; rather, it highlights core commonalities across programs. Findings presented in this working paper are preliminary and contribute to the understanding of what could qualify as part of a ‘core curriculum’.
World’s Largest Gas-Producing Nations: Natural Gas Will Keep the Lights on for the Next Generation
Authors: Szymczak Pat Davis
Published: May 2021

Natural gas is almost certain to be the fastest-growing fossil fuel in the global energy mix for decades to come, comprising 28% of the global energy mix by 2050. Together with renewables, natural gas will likely fuel 60% of global electricity production, be it as pipeline gas, liquefied natural gas (LNG), or blue hydrogen.

These are among the forecasts that appear in the 2020 edition of the GECF (Gas Exporting Countries Forum) Global Gas Outlook 2050 released in February 2021 and providing short-, medium-, and long-term energy projections based on assumptions regarding macroeconomic conditions, energy prices, and policies.

The report is updated yearly and is the flagship publication of the organization, which represents countries that control 71% of global gas reserves. It is unique in that it focuses exclusively on the global gas industry, which today is providing for 23% of global energy needs.

Headquartered in Doha, Qatar, the GECF is an intergovernmental organization comprising 11 member countries and nine observer states, established in 2001 by Russia and Iran. Moscow and Tehran had hoped that GECF would eventually morph into a “Gas OPEC” but that never happened. The organization’s analyses and forecasts do, however, present a worthwhile snapshot of how the world’s largest gas producers see the industry.

Member states in GECF include Algeria, Bolivia, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Iran, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Russia, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela. Observer countries are Angola, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Norway, Oman, Peru, and the UAE.

Unconventional Gas To Play Growing Role

In its report, the GECF noted that unconventional resources will be playing a growing role in the market and that gas producers will need to emphasize unconventional projects to satisfy growing demand, as well as to invest heavily into exploration to identify and tap into new gas reserves and develop greenfield projects.

“It is also important to highlight the increasing interest in hydrogen as a lever to support the deep decarbonization of the world’s economies,” Yury P. Sentyurin, GECF’s Secretary General, wrote in his introduction to the annual outlook.

In mentioning hydrogen, Sentyurin is speaking about “blue hydrogen” which is produced from natural gas, and which, when combined with CCUS (carbon capture, utilization, storage) can marry commercial and environmental interests, further positioning natural gas as a transition fuel to bridge the gap between fossil fuels and renewable sources of energy.

Blue hydrogen is in fact expected to satisfy half of the hydrogen demand projected worldwide by 2050, Sentyurin points out.

Policies being set by countries in the European Union have focused more on costly “green hydrogen” produced from renewable sources; but not in the policies of other nations in regions of the world where growth in energy demand is expected to be the highest. Growth in European energy demand is largely flat.
Proxy-Based Assisted History Matching and Well-Spacing Optimization in Shale Gas Field
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: May 2021

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 200466, “Proxy-Based Assisted History Matching and Well-Spacing Optimization in Shale Gas Development of a Real Field Case,” by Chuxi Liu, The University of Texas at Austin; Wei Yu, Sim Tech and The University of Texas at Austin; and Cheng Chang, PetroChina, et al., prepared for the 2020 SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference, originally scheduled to be held in Tulsa, 18–22 April. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

A robust, reliable work flow for well-spacing optimization in a shale reservoir development incorporating various types of uncertainties and detailed economics analysis is necessary for achieving sustainable unconventional production. In the complete paper, the authors describe a novel well-spacing-optimization work flow based on the results of assisted history matching and apply it to a real shale gas well, incorporating uncertainty parameters such as matrix permeability, matrix porosity, fracture half-length, fracture height, fracture width, fracture conductivity, and fracture water saturation.

Introduction

The work of well-spacing optimization is significant because it will subsequently dominate the planning of the drilling job and completion job and ultimately will affect recovery efficiency. The purpose of well-spacing optimization serves to maximize either capital revenue or ultimate recovery. The greatest challenge for well-spacing optimization is how to interpret the uncertainties associated with unconventional reservoirs. Stimulated reservoir volume and external reservoir volume, effective fracture half-length vs. propped half-length, matrix permeability, and complex structural geology are examples of such challenges. Therefore, developing an efficient and trustworthy work flow for optimizing well spacing in any shale reservoir is critical.

Previous work on unconventional shale well-spacing optimization includes operator data analysis and numerical and analytical simulation. However, almost all previous studies ignored the effects of uncertainties. In addition, most studies require input information regarding the reservoir of interest. One method to obtain such information is to history match the production data, and a few history-matching methods have been explored and analyzed. Nevertheless, traditional history-matching methods could not overcome the problem of high-dimensional uncertainty space, as is commonly seen in unconventional development. Because of this, more- stochastic approaches have been developed and applied. These methods use the concept of proxy to minimize simulation runs and are also able to obtain as many, or more, history-matching realizations. Furthermore, Markov-chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms usually are coupled with the proxy model in assisted history matching. This method could be helpful in finding the complex posterior distributions of multiple uncertainty variables with ease.
Large scale toxicological evaluation of lead acetate in broiler chicken
Authors: Ali Shaukat , Minhas Maria Akram , Awan Uzma Azeem , Mumtaz Shumaila , Shakir Hafiz Abdullah , Tahir Hafiz Muhammad , Ulhaq Mazhar , Andleeb Saiqa
Published: May 2021

Among heavy metals, lead is one of the very toxic pollutants of the environment. Its accumulating nature in the body makes it a great threat to public health particularly when humans consume lead intoxicated foods like chickens. The main purpose of the conducted research was to elucidate the bioaccumulation of lead in different organs of chickens and its toxicological effects on various organs and biochemical parameters. An experimental study on the effect of lead acetate toxicity in chicks was conducted by orally administration for consecutive thirty days. Thirty-chicks were categorized into A, B, C, D, E, and F groups with lead acetate dose rate 0, 71, 142, 213, and 284 mg/kg body weight, correspondingly. During the experiment, various biochemical parameters (uric acid, GPT, creatinine, ALP, LDH, ASAT, ALT, glutathione, superoxide dismutase) were measured employing commercially available kits. At the end of experimentation, and lead accumulation in liver, kidney and brain was estimated by absorption spectrophotometer. Some biochemical parameters like uric acid, GPT, creatinine, ALP, LDH, AST, and ALT were increased while the level of glutathione and superoxide dismutase, was found to be decreased after exposure to lead acetate. In present study, the pattern of metal accumulation in different organs directly related with concentration of metal. The order of metal accumulation in organs is; liver > kidney > brain. In the present study, supplementation of lead acetate has affected the exposed chicken. Mostly the blood profile and chemistry are perturbed. These effects might be due to the accumulation of lead in the brain, kidneys, and liver which may result in neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity. To refine such outcomes, further studies in the future are recommended.
Anti-inflammatory and Anti-necrotic Effect of Lectins from Canavalia ensiformis and Canavalia brasiliensis in Experimental Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Oliveira Samara Rodrigues Bonfim Damasceno , Franco Álvaro Xavier , Quaresma Marielle Pires , de Carvalho Cecília Mendes Morais , Marques Fabrícia da Cunha Jácome , Pantoja Patrícia da Silva , Mendonça Vanessa Azevedo , Osterne Vinicius José da Silva , Correia Jorge Luis Almeida , Assreuy Ana Maria Sampaio , de Souza Marcellus Henrique Loiola Pontes , Nascimento Kyria Santiago do , Cavada Benildo Sousa , Criddle David Neil , Soares Pedro Marcos Gomes
Published: May 2021

Lectins isolated from Canavalia ensiformis (ConA) and Canavalia brasiliensis (ConBr) are promising molecules to modulate cell death. Acute pancreatitis, characterized by acinar cell necrosis and inflammation, presents significant morbidity and mortality. This study has investigated the effects of ConA and ConBr on experimental acute pancreatitis and pancreatic acinar cell death induced by bile acid. Pancreatitis was induced by retrograde pancreatic ductal injection of 3% sodium taurocholate (Na-TC) in male Swiss mice. ConA or ConBr (0.1, 1 or 10 mg/kg) were intravenously applied to mice 1 h and 12 h after induction. After 24 hours, the severity of pancreatitis was evaluated by serum amylase and lipase, histopathological changes and myeloperoxidase assay. Pancreatic acinar cells were incubated with ConA (200 µg/ml) or ConBr (200 µg/ml) and taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate (TLCS; 500 µM). Necrosis and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔѰm) were detected by fluorescence confocal microscopy. Treatment (post-insult) with ConA and ConBr decreased pancreatic damage caused by retrograde injection of Na-TC in mice, reducing pancreatic neutrophil infiltration, edema and necrosis. In addition, ConA and ConBr decreased pancreatic acinar cell necrosis and depolarization of ΔѰm caused by TLCS. The inhibition of necrosis was prevented by the lectin domain blockade; molecular docking analysis showed strong interaction of ConA and ConBr crystal structures with mannose residues. In conclusion, ConA and ConBr markedly inhibited in vitro and in vivo damage, effects partly dependent on the interaction with mannose residues on acinar cells. These data support the potential application of these proteins for treatment of acute pancreatitis.
Investigation of the reactivity properties of a thiourea derivative with anticancer activity by DFT, MD simulations
Authors: Mary Sheena , Mary Y. Shyma , Bielenica Anna , Armaković Stevan , Armaković Sanja J. , Chandramohan Vivek , Dammalli Manjunath
Published: May 2021

Spectroscopic analysis of 1-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]thiourea (FPTT) is reported. Experimental and theoretical analysis of FPTT, with Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, are reported for finding different parameters like: identification of suitable excipients, interactions with water, and sensitivity towards autoxidation. Molecular dynamics and docking show that FPTT can act as a potential inhibitor for new drug. Additionally, local reactivity, interactivity with water, and compatibility of FPTT molecule with frequently used excipients have been studied by combined application of density functional theory (DFT) and MD simulations. Analysis of local reactivity has been performed based on selected fundamental quantum-molecular descriptors, while interactivity with water was studied by calculations of radial distribution functions (RDFs). Compatibility with excipients has been assessed through calculations of solubility parameters, applying MD simulations.
Niche conservatism and invasion potential of Pomacea canaliculata and Pomacea maculata in two invaded regions
Authors: Qin Zhong , Zhang Jia-En , Zhao Benliang , Shi Zhaoji , Xiao Zeheng , Jing Qinlin
Published: May 2021

The most noxious apple snails (Pomacea canaliculata and P. maculata) native to South America, currently has two distinct invaded ranges in China and the United States. Whether the environmental niches of the two closely related species have changed or remained stable (niche conservatism hypothesis) during the invasion process has become an important issue in forecasting their potential geographic distributions. For each Pomacea snail, two ecological niche models (ENMs, employing BIOMOD2) were generated based on bioclimatic variables and occurrence records in: (1) the native range; (2) the different invasive range. Conservation of ecological niche between the native and invasive snail populations were then tested by principal component and niche dynamics analysis. According to all models, precipitation contributed most to distribution of P. maculata, whereas low temperature was another most influential factor for spread of P. canaliculata. Niche conservatism were indicated by niche similarity tests and high niche stability for both Pomacea snails during their invasions in two regions. Niche expansions of P. canaliculata were relatively larger than unfilling values, whereas niche expansions of P. maculata were lower than unfillings. High niche unfilling for P. maculata in the United States revealed a great potential for further expansion in this region. We discuss the possible roles of physiological tolerances, genetic variation, residence time and hybridization in shaping niche changes for Pomacea snails during their invasion processes. Findings of this work can improve the understanding of potential mechanisms for niche differentiation and provide a theoretical basis for forecasting the invasion potential of Pomacea snails.
Multiple Level Effects Of Imazethapyr On Leptodactylus Latinasus (Anura) Adult Frogs
Authors: Iglesias Juan Manuel Pérez , Fanali Lara Zácari , Franco-Belussi Lilian , Natale Guillermo Sebastian , De Oliveira Classius , Brodeur Julie Celine , Larramendy Marcelo Luis
Published: May 2021

Imazetapir is a herbicide used in soybean and corn crops worldwide. Ecotoxicological studies have shown that imazetapir promotes genotoxic, biochemical and individual effects in aquatic vertebrates. In this study, we evaluated the response of different biomarkers in adult specimens of Leptodactylus latinasus exposed under laboratory conditions to the imazetapir based-formulation Pivot® H (10.59% Imazetapir) mimicking two possible real acute scenarios. Both exposure scenarios considered were the runoff simulation (scenario1: 10 mg/L) and the direct spraying application (scenario2: 1000 mg/L). Different endpoints were evaluated at several ecotoxicological levels after 48 and 96 h of exposure including individual (biometric indices and behavior alterations), histological (liver pigmentation and tissue alterations), biochemical (catalase, glutathione system and cholinesterase activities) and genotoxic effects (induction of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities). The exposure to Pivot® H during 48 h, induced inhibition of the glutathione-S-transferase activity in scenario1 and an increase of hepatic tissue alterations and acetyl-cholinesterase levels in scenario2. After 96 h, we demonstrated that imazetapir formulation induced a decrease in melanin and hemosiderin, an increase in catalase activity and induction of micronuclei in scenario1 while in scenario2 there was a decrease in the hepatosomatic index, and an increase in liver alterations and melanin reduction. The multivariate analysis allows to correlate biomarkers at the same level in exposed specimens. Accordingly, we conclude that populations of L. latinasus could be at risk after real scenarios of exposure to pesticides corroborating that the species is a good model for ecotoxicological studies in the region.
Effect of temperature on the residual shear strength of fine grained soil
Authors: Witowski Marcin , Bogusz Witold
Published: May 2021

The impact of low-range temperature variation on the residual shear strength parameters has been investigated. For this purpose, a standard ring shear apparatus has been subjected to low-cost modifications and equipped with thermoelectric temperature control system constructed in-house. This allowed to conduct a series of tests for clay samples at temperatures of 5°C and 20°C, which is a typical range of variation for thermo-active structures during heat extraction. In order to distinguish the impact of temperature from the natural variability of the soil samples, additional temperature changes during shearing were performed, after residual strength had been reached. The obtained results revealed an observable impact of the temperature change on the residual shear strength of tested clay; however, the variance has been close to the resolution of the measurement sensor and within the range comparable to the natural variability of fine-grained soils. Therefore, low-range temperature changes can be considered as negligible in regard to the residual shear strength parameters.
Multi-directional plasmonic splitter and polarization analyzer based on the catenary metasurface
Authors: Chen Panpan , Chen Cong , Xi Jianxin , Du Xiang , Liang Li , Mi Jiajia , Shi Jianping
Published: May 2021

Owing to the unique properties of strongly confined and enhanced electric fields, surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) provide a new platform for the realization of ultracompact plasmonic circuits. However, there are challenges in coupling light into SPPs efficiently and subsequently routing SPPs. Here, we propose a multi-directional SPPs splitter and polarization analyzer based on the catenary metasurface. Based on the abundant electromagnetic modes and geometric phase modulation principle of catenary structure, the device has realized high efficiency beam splitting for four different polarization states ( x -polarization, y -polarization, LCP and RCP). The central wavelength of the device is 632 nm and the operation bandwidth can reach 70 nm (585-655 nm). Based on the phenomenon of SPPs beam splitting, we present a prototype of a polarization analyzer, which can detect the polarization state of incident light by adding photodetector with light intensity logic threshold in four directions. Moreover, by combining this device with dynamic polarization modulation techniques, it is possible to be served as a router or switch in integrated photonic circuits.
The Value of CT Radiomics Analysis of Cavity Characteristics In Differentiating Nontuberculous Mycobacteriumpulmonary Disease From Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Yan Qinghu , Cui Jia , Zhao Wenlong , Zuo Liping , Wang Dongdong , Wang Wuzhang , Cai Xiangfei , Yu Dexin
Published: May 2021

Background: The CT features and clinical manifestations of the NTM pulmonary disease are similar to those of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), so it is very difficult to identify these two diseases simply via CT or clinical features.Methods: From February 2013 to March 2018, 73 patients of NTM pulmonary diseases and 69 patients of PTB with the cavity in Shandong Province Chest Hospital and Qilu Hospital of Shandong University were retrospctively analyzed. A double-blind assessment and manual delineation of 300 cavities as the region of interesting (ROI) from chest CT images were performed by 2 experienced radiologists. 80% of cavities were allocated to the training set and 20% to the validation set using a random number generated by a computer. 1409 radiomics features extracted from the Huiying Radcloud platform were used to analyze the two kinds of diseases' CT cavity characteristics. Feature selection was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) methods, and six supervised learning classifiers (KNN, SVM, XGBoost，RF，LR , and DT models) were used to analyze the features, The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC), sensitivity and specificity were used to evaluate the model's performance.Results: 29 optimal features were selected by the variance threshold method, K best method, and Lasso algorithm.and the ROC curve values are obtained. In the training set, the AUC values of the six models were all greater than 0.97, 95% CI were 0.95-1.00, the sensitivity was greater than 0.92, and the specificity was greater than 0.92. In the validation set, the AUC values of the six models were all greater than 0.84, 95% CI were 0.76-1.00, the sensitivity was greater than 0.79, and the specificity was greater than 0.79.Conclusion: The radiomics features extracted from cavity on CT images can provide effective proof in distinguishing the NTM pulmonary disease from PTB, and the radiomics analysis shows a more accurate diagnosis than the radiologists .
Numerical Modeling of the Interaction of Normal Fault and Shallow Embedded Foundation
Authors: Ashtiani Mehdi , Nowkandeh Mohammadreza Jahanshahi , Kayhani Amirmohammad
Published: May 2021

The consequences to structures caused by permanent fault displacement has been investigated for dip-slip faulting, but not for the effect of the embedment depth on the interaction between a normal fault rupture and shallow embedded foundation. This study investigated the effect of the embedment depth on the interaction of normal fault rupture and shallow foundation using a numerical model validated with centrifuge experiments. It was found that a gapping interaction mechanism and foundation distress occurred at different foundation positions relative to the fault rupture outcrop for an embedded foundation in comparison with a surface foundation. The extent of this area depended on the combined influences of the foundation position, foundation surcharge, embedment depth, and fault dip angle. The sidewalls of the shallow embedded foundation were observed to act as kinematic constraints and had considerable influence on the rotation and displacement of the foundations. With regard to the level of rotation and displacement of the embedded foundation, the lateral earth pressure distribution on the footwall sidewall was similar to that of Rankine active earth pressure in a triangular distribution and on the hangingwall sidewall as a parabolic distribution of passive earth pressure. Foundations laid on loose soil exhibited less rotation than those on dense soil because the fault ruptures were absorbed or bifurcated around both sides of the foundation.
The Role of Monocytes/Macrophages In The Pathogenesis of Immune Associated Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage
Authors: Wei Qing , Chen Xun , Liu Jing , Li Yan , Nong Guangmin
Published: May 2021

Backgroud The studies in the immnue associated diffuse alveolar hemorrahge (DAH) animal models showed that monocytes/macrophages played an critical role in the pathogenesis.Whether monocytes/macrophages contribute to the pathogenesis of immune associated DAH in human is still unknow. The aim of this study was to explore the role of monocytes/macrophages in the pathogenesis of immune associated DAH in human.Methods This study was conducted in two parts. In the first part, 37 children with immune associated DAH were included (DAH group), and 18 healthy children were recruited as the controls (HC group). Peripheral blood monocyte subtype was analyzed using flow cytometry. In the second part, 24 children with immune associated DAH were included (DAH group), and 13 children with acute airway foreingn body or mild benign airway stenosis were included as the controls (HC group). Bronochoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected using bronchoscope. Cytokines in the BALF supernatant were detected using cytometric bread array. BALF supertanant was used to stimulated the macrophages in vitro. The mRNA relative expressions of IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, TGM2, CD163 and MRC1 were detected using quantitative real-time PCR, and the expressions of CD14, CD80, CD86, CD163 and CD206 were detected using flow cytometry. Results 1. The percentage of classical monocyte was significantly increased, whereas the percentages of intermediate and non-classical monocyte were significantly decreased in the DAH group, when compared to those in the HC group. 2. The levels of MCP-1, IL-6 and IL-8 were all significantly higher in the BALF supernatant from the DAH group, when compared to those form the HC group. 3. The mRNA relative expressions of IL-1β and IL-6 as well as the expression of CD86 were significantly higher, whereas the mRNA relative expression of MRC1 as well as the expressions of CD163 and CD206 were significantly lower under the stimulation of BALF supernatant from the DAH group, when compared to that from the HC group. Conclusions Monocytes/macrophages might participate in the pathogenesis of immune associated DAH in human by enhanced M1 polarization.
A Case of Rarest Presentation of CNS Tuberculosis as Disseminated Miliary Tuberculoma Brain
Authors: Soni Rahul , Saha Manish , miglani Aman , Debnath Jayita
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Disseminated miliary forms of tuberculoma in brain are rarest form of CNS tuberculosis. It is one of the differential diagnoses of ring enhancing multiple brain lesions. We are reporting an interesting case of 28 year old lady with disseminated tuberculosis with miliary brain tuberculomas. Case presentation: 28 yrs lady with no known previous co-morbidities presented with low grade evening rise in temperature and mild to moderate continues global headache for 10 days associted with nausea and recurrent vomiting, and weight loss of 4 kg. Her ESR, blood count, liver and renal function tests were within normal values. HIV was negative by ELISA. Sputum for Acid Fast bacilli was +3 positive for mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli. Cerebrospinal Fluid cytological analysis was normal and ADA was 9.1 U/L. Urine microscopic examination was positive for +++ MTB. Chest X ray showed bilateral military opacities. High Resolution CT of Chest was suggestive of miliary distribution of nodules in bilateral lungs. MRI Brain showed discrete ring enhancing lesions scattered in left temporal lobe, and right frontal lobe are located at grey-white matter junctions. In infra- tentorial lesion were at the level of pons, mid brain, inferior cerebellar peduncle and bilateral cerebellar hemispheres. Few of the lesions in right precentral gyrus showing associated mild perilesional edema.Conclusion: Clinician should consider miliary tuberculosis brain in tuberculosis endemic region, in a clinical setting where atypical multiple ring enhancing lesions even with non inflammatory CSF but with presence of other markers of tuberculosis is present.