bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemanfaatan Aplikasi Edmodo dalam Evaluasi Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Hijriyatun Hijriyatun , Sutaman Sutaman , Fitriani Laily
Published: January 2022

Evaluasi dilakukan guru untuk mengetahui sejauh mana tingkat kemampuan peserta didik dalam menyerap suatu pelajaran yang disampaikan oleh guru, dengan melakukan evaluasi guru bisa mengambil langkah selanjutnya agar pembelajaran bisa dilakukan dengan maksimal. masalah muncul ketika diera pandemic covid 19 yang mengharuskan belajar dilakukan dari rumah dan melalui internet. Evaluasi pun harus dilakukan secara online. Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran bagaimana kegiatan evaluasi dilakukan pada masa pandemic covid 19, khususnya evaluasi pembelajaran bahasa arab menggunakan aplikasi Edmodo. Lokasi penelitian adalah Mts Negeri 1 Pasuruan. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat eksploratif dengan metode penelitian deskriptif, Sumber data utama dalam penelitian ialah siswa Mts Negeri 1 Pasuruan dengan jumlah sebanyak 120 orang responden.  Evaluasi menggunakan edmodo merupakan salah satu solusi untuk guru bahasa arab dalam melakukan evaluasi pembelajaran bahasa Arab dengan menggunakan teknologi digital, terlebih diera pandemic covid 19. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa evaluasi dengan memanfaatkan edmodo membuat guru lebih mudah memantau hasil pembelajaran yang diterima oleh peserta didik dalam belajar bahasa arab.

Kata kunci : Evaluasi Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab, E Learning, Edmodo, Pandemi Covid 19
Mortalidad de pacientes con infección severa por SARS – CoV2 en ventilación mecánica de una unidad de cuidados intensivos de un hospital general de Lima
Authors: Fernández Merjildo Diana , Lévano Díaz Lady , Cieza Zevallos Javier , Zegarra Piérola Jaime
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: Estimar la mortalidad y describir las intervenciones terapéuticas en pacientes con infección severa por SARS CoV-2 en ventilación mecánica de una unidad de cuidados intensivos. Material y métodos: Estudio de cohorte analítica retrospectiva. Se incluyeron 105 pacientes con infección severa por SARS – CoV2 en ventilación mecánica invasiva que ingresaron con el diagnóstico de insuficiencia respiratoria aguda a la unidad de cuidados intensivos del Hospital Cayetano Heredia de marzo a octubre del 2020. Resultados: La mortalidad global de los pacientes en ventilación mecánica invasiva fue 38%; el 79% fueron varones, la edad promedio fue 49,8 ± 13 años, el 65% no tuvo comorbilidades, el APACHE II fue 12±6, el SOFA 5±3; cursaron con linfopenia; con niveles séricos de ferritina, deshidrogenasa láctica y proteína C reactiva altas, el 30% recibió hidroxicloroquina, el 32% azitromicina, el 47% ceftriaxona y el 27% hidroxicloroquina más azitromicina. La mortalidad fue significativamente mayor en varones (p=0,03), mayores de 50 años (p=0,004), con puntaje APACHE II (p=0,005) y SOFA (p=0,0009) altos, y con el uso de hidroxicloroquina (p=0,001), azitromicina (p=0,03), e hidroxicloroquina más azitromicina (p=0,001); no hubo diferencia significativa con el uso de corticoides e ivermectina. Conclusiones: La mortalidad en los pacientes con infección severa por SARS – CoV2 en ventilación mecánica invasiva fue significadamente mayor en varones mayores de 50 años, con puntaje APACHE II y SOFA altos, con el uso de hidroxicloroquina, azitromicina y la combinación de los mismos.
Complicated Mandible Fracture Treatment With Xenogenic Bone Graft: A Case Report
Authors: Diachkova Ekaterina , Popova Sofia , Arazashvili Liana , Petruk Pavel , Cherkesov Igor'
Published: January 2022

The problem of filling the bone cavity-forming after tooth extraction remains relevant in maxillo-facial surgery. There is a large selection of osteotropic materials of various natures for filling bone defects. In this article, our experience in the treatment of patients with combined mandible angle fracture and radicular cyst and fractures is introduced. A feature of the treatment is to fill the bone defect with the osteotropic material. Using collagen osteotropic material, possessing osteoconductive property can improve the treatment of patients with mandibular fractures within the dentition. This is due to both the stabilization of the fracture line, a decrease in the likelihood of displacement of fragments along with fixation with devices, and a reduction in the time of bone tissue regeneration, which reduces the rehabilitation period and allows further orthopedic treatment of patients after 4-5 months without additional bone grafting operations.
Experimental Bending Fatigue Data of Additive-Manufactured PLA Biomaterial Fabricated by Different 3d Printing Parameters
Authors: Dadashi Ali , Azadi Mohammad
Published: January 2022

Additive manufacturing (AM) are used in several industries such as automotive, aerospace, and medical sciences. One of the most common devices used in additive manufacturing is fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printers. This fabrication method has different inputs that affect the quality of the parts. In this research, the bending fatigue properties of polylactic acid (PLA) biomaterial made with a 3D printer are investigated. To demonstrate the influence of printing parameters on fatigue lifetime, standard specimens with nozzle diameters of 0.2-0.6 mm, extruder temperature of 180-240°C, and print speed of 5-15 mm/s were printed. After performing fully-reversed bending fatigue tests, it was found that printed specimens at 180°C have the best fatigue lifetime in most cases. Accordingly, fatigue behavior improved by reducing the nozzle diameter. Printing at lower temperatures also improved fatigue lifetime. The printing speed affected the slope of the S-N diagram, known as the fatigue strength exponent.
Associations between Developing Sexuality and Mental Health in Heterosexual Adolescents: Evidence from Lower- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Punjani Neelam , Papathanassoglou Elizabeth , Hegadoren Kathy , Hirani Saima , Mumtaz Zubia , Jackson Margot
Published: January 2022

During puberty and emerging sexuality, adolescents experience important physical, mental, and social transformations. In the process of dealing with these changes, adolescents can become potentially vulnerable to mental health problems.The aim was to identify and synthesize published research evidence on sexuality-related mental health stressors among adolescent girls and boys, identify gaps (if any) in current knowledge, and contribute to knowledge about the experiences of emerging sexuality and health among adolescents, to further inform research, practice, and policy initiatives in sexual health.A scoping literature review of peer-reviewed articles published between 1990 and 2018. MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Global health, ERIC, and Sociological Abstracts databases were searched for research studies that reported experiences of sexuality related mental health issues and symptomatology of adolescents. We targeted studies conducted with adolescent populations between ages 11-24 years living in LMICs.Data from 12 published research papers, including 8 qualitative studies, 3 quantitative studies, and 1 mixed method study, were systematically analyzed. Four major themes and 4 sub themes were identified regarding sexual health and mental health of adolescents: 1) Relationship of sexuality and mental health; 2) Social and cultural influences; 3) Challenges in seeking sexuality information and services among adolescents; and 4) Educational needs among adolescents related to sexuality; and 4) Educational needs among adolescents related to sexuality. Lack of social support, Unmet needs for accessible adolescent friendly sexual health services, counseling, and age-appropriate information may be associated with several mental health stressors and symptoms, such as sadness, depressive and anxiety symptomatology, regret, fear, embarrassment, low self-esteem, guilt, shame, and anger. Therefore, tackling sexuality-related stressors could play an important role in addressing the overall wellbeing of young people. Future studies need to generate a deeper understanding of the concept of sexual health and its relation to mental health in diverse contexts. Health care professionals need to be aware of sexuality-related experiences of adolescent girls and boys by offering effective youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health education to support overall mental health and improve the experiences of emerging sexuality in adolescents.
Formalizing Insect Morphological Data: A Model-Based, Extensible Insect Anatomy Ontology and Its Potential Applications in Biodiversity Research and Informatics
Authors: Girón Jennifer C. , Tarasov Sergei , González Montaña Luis A. , Matentzoglu Nicolas , Smith Aaron D. , Koch Markus , Boudinot Brendon E. , Bouchard Patrice , Burks Roger , Vogt Lars , Yoder Matt , Osumi-Sutherland David , Friedrich Frank , Beutel Rolf , Mikó István
Published: January 2022

The spectacular radiation of insects has produced a stunning diversity of phenotypes. During the last 250 years, research on insect systematics has generated hundreds of terms for naming and comparing those phenotypes. In its current form, this terminological diversity is presented in natural language and lacks formalization, which prohibits computer-assisted comparison using semantic web technologies. Here we propose a Model for Describing Insect Anatomical Structures (MoDIAS) which incorporates structural properties and positional relationships for standardized, consistent, and reproducible descriptions of insect phenotypes. We applied the MoDIAS framework in creating the ontology for the Anatomy of the Insect Skeleto-Muscular system (AISM). The AISM is the first general insect ontology that aims to cover all taxa by providing generalized, fully logical, and queryable, definitions for each term. It was built using the Ontology Development Kit (ODK), which maximizes interoperability with Uberon (Uberon multi-species anatomy ontology) and other basic ontologies, enhancing the integration of insect anatomy into the broader biological sciences. A template system for adding new terms, extending and linking the AISM to additional anatomical, phenotypic, genetic, and chemical ontologies is also introduced. The AISM is proposed as the backbone for taxon-specific insect ontologies and has potential applications spanning systematic biology and biodiversity informatics, allowing users to (1) use controlled vocabularies and create semi-automated computer-parsable insect morphological descriptions; (2) integrate insect morphology into broader fields of research, including ontology-informed phylogenetic methods, logical homology hypothesis testing, evo-devo studies, and genotype to phenotype mapping; and (3) automate the extraction of morphological data from the literature, enabling the generation of large-scale phenomic data, by facilitating the production and testing of informatic tools able to extract, link, annotate, and process morphological data. This system will allow for clear and semantically interoperable integration of insect phenotypes in biodiversity studies.
Invasive Trichosporonosis in Neonates and Pediatric Patients with Malignancies or Hematologic Disorders
Authors: Kourti Maria , Roilides Emmanuel
Published: January 2022

(1) Background: Trichosporon species have emerged as important opportunistic fungal pathogens, with Trichosporon asahii being the leading and most frequent cause of invasive disease. (2) Methods: We performed a global review focused on invasive trichosporonosis in neonates and pediatric patients with malignancies or hematologic disorders. We reviewed case reports and case series of trichosporonosis due to T. asahii published since 1994, year of the revised taxonomic classification. (3) Results: Twenty-four cases of invasive trichosporonosis were identified in neonates with presence of central venous catheter and use of broad-spectrum antibiotics recognized as main predisposing factors. Thirty-two cases were identified in children with malignancies or hematologic disorders, predominantly with severe neutropenia. Trichosporon asahii was isolated from blood in 24/32 (75%) pediatric cases. Cutaneous involvement was frequently observed in invasive trichosporonosis. Micafungin was the most commonly used prophylactic agent (9/22; 41%). Ten patients receiving prophylactic echinocandins were identified with breakthrough infections. Favorable outcome was reported in 12/16 (75%) pediatric patients receiving targeted monotherapy with voriconazole or combined with liposomal amphotericin B. Overall mortality in neonates and children with malignancy was 67% and 60%, respectively. (4) Conclusions: Voriconazole is advocated for the treatment of invasive trichosporonosis given the intrinsic resistance to echinocandins and poor susceptibility to polyenes.
Stabilization of Terminal Voltage and Damping the Mechanical Angle Oscillations in Single-Machine Infinite-Bus Power System Using MISO Fuzzy Controllers
Authors: M.A.S. Mahmoud Muhammad
Published: January 2022

Abstract: In this article, problem of the voltage regulation, oscillation and overshot in single-machine infinite-bus power system. Two different independent MISO fuzzy controllers are designed. First controller, is voltage stabilizer and it composes of two adaptive fuzzy modules and proportional gain AVR. The voltage stabilizer is designed to regulate the terminal voltage, damp the voltage oscillation and limit the voltage overshoot to the industrial maximum allowable limit. The input signals of this stabilizer is are taken from the terminal voltage and the imposed voltage disturbance that can be read from any smart relay. The fuzzy output is used as feedback signal to control the AVR in order to achieve stabilized voltage equal to the reference voltage. The second fuzzy controller is designed with two input signals; “mechanical angle” and its derivative, and one output which is used as feedback signal to adapt the damping torque in order to damp the mechanical oscillation fast and with maximum overshoot not exceeding 10%, and hence damp the power angle oscillation that is important in the PSS improvement. MATLAB-SIMULINK was used for modeling and the test cases simulation. The results show very good performance for the proposed fuzzy controllers.
Does Foreign Direct Investment Crowd in or Crowd out Domestic Investment in South Africa? An ARDL-ECM Approach
Authors: Pamba Dumisani
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study is to empirically examine the link between foreign direct investment (FDI) and domestic investment (DI) in South Africa over the period of 41 years (1975-2016). Accurately, it attempts to determine whether FDI crowds in or crowds out DI in South Africa. DI is sub-divided into private domestic investment (credit to domestic private sector) and public corporation investment (state owned enterprises). We used the Autoregressive Distributed Lag-Error Correction Model (ARDL-ECM) technique to ascertain long run and short run effects concurrently after establishing that the variables were stationary (using the PP test). The results of the unit root test shows that all variables are integrated of order zero I(0) or integrated of order one I(1), indicating that the series of variables are stationary in the level or first difference form. The findings revealed that variables are cointegrated in the long run. The ARDL model found a negative link between FDI and domestic investment. The result implies that FDI crowds out domestic investment. Moreover, the long run estimate revealed that domestic investment is crowded in by government investment expenditure (GINV). Other findings uncovered that, GDP crowds out private domestic investment while crowding in public corporation investment. Moreover, the long run estimate revealed that domestic investment is crowded in by gross domestic savings (SAV). On the other hand, the real exchange rate (EXCR) crowds out private domestic investment while crowding in public corporation investment. Trade openness (TRA) crowds out domestic investment. Additionally, the short run estimate uncovered that private domestic investment is crowded out by FDI, EXCR, and TRA whereas GINV, GDP and SAV is crowding in private domestic investment. Other findings discovered that, in the short run, public corporation investment is crowded out by FDI, GDP, EXCR and TRA, while GINV and SAV crowd in public corporation investment. The CUSUM confirms that the models are structurally firmness.
Hybrid Feature Fusion and Machine Learning Approaches for Melanoma Skin Cancer Detection
Authors: Rahman Md. Mahbubur , Kamal Nasir Mostofa , A-Alam Nur , Islam Khan Saikat , Band Shahab , Dehzangi Iman , Beheshti Amin , Alinejad Rokny Hamid
Published: January 2022

Skin cancer is an exquisite disease globally nowadays. Because of the poor contrast and apparent resemblance between skin and lesions, automatic identification of skin cancer is complicated. The rate of human death can be massively reduced if melanoma skin cancer can be detected quickly using dermoscopy images. In this research, an anisotropic diffusion filtering method is used on dermoscopy images to remove multiplicative speckle noise and the fast-bounding box (FBB) method is applied to segment the skin cancer region. Furthermore, the paper consists of two feature extractor parts. One of the two features extractor parts is the hybrid feature extractor (HFE) part and another is the convolutional neural network VGG19 based CNN feature extractor part. The HFE portion combines three feature extraction approaches into a single fused feature vector: Histogram-Oriented Gradient (HOG), Local Binary Pattern (LBP), and Speed Up Robust Feature (SURF). The CNN method also is used to extract additional features from test and training datasets. This two-feature vector is fused to design the classification model. This classifier performs the classification of dermoscopy images whether it is melanoma or non-melanoma skin cancer. The proposed methodology is performed on two ordinary datasets and achieved the accuracy 99.85%, sensitivity 91.65%, and specificity 95.70%, which makes it more successful than previous machine learning algorithms.
Recognising Image Shapes from Image Parts, not Neural Parts
Authors: Greer Kieran
Published: January 2022

This paper describes an image processing method that makes use of image parts instead of neural parts. Neural networks excel at image or pattern recognition and they do this by constructing complex networks of weighted values that can cover the complexity of the pattern data. These features however are integrated holistically into the network, which means that they can be difficult to use in an individual sense. A different method might scan individual images and use a more local method to try to recognise the features in it. This paper suggests such a method, where a trick during the scan process can not only recognise separate image parts, as features, but it can also produce an overlap between the parts. It is therefore able to produce image parts with real meaning and also place them into a positional context. Tests show that it can be very accurate, scoring 100% on some handwritten digit test datasets. It also fits well with an earlier cognitive model, and an ensemble-hierarchy structure in particular.
Compact Midwave Imaging System: Results from an Airborne Demonstration
Authors: Kelly Michael A. , Carr James L. , Wu Dong L. , Goldberg Arnold C. , Papusha Ivan , Meinhold Renee T.
Published: January 2022

The Compact Midwave Imaging System (CMIS) is a wide field of view, multi-angle, multi-spectral pushframe imager that relies on the forward motion of the satellite to create a two-dimensional (2D) image swath. An airborne demonstration of CMIS was successfully completed in January-February 2021 on the NASA Langley Research Center Gulfstream III. The primary objective of the four-flight campaign was to demonstrate the capability of this unique instrument to perform stereo observations of clouds and other particulates (e.g. smoke) in the atmosphere. It is shown that the midwave infrared (MWIR) spectral bands of CMIS provide a unique 24/7 capability with high resolution for accurate stereo sensing. The instrument relies on new focal plane array (FPA) technology, which provides excellent sensitivity at much warmer detector temperatures than traditional technologies. This capability enabled a compact, low-cost design that can provide atmospheric motion vectors and cloud heights to support requirements for atmospheric winds in the 2017-2027 Earth Science Decadal Survey. Applications include day/night observations of the planetary boundary layer, severe weather, and wildfires. A comparison with current space-based earth science instruments demonstrates that the SWIR/MWIR multi-spectral capability of CMIS is competitive with larger, more expensive instrumentation. Imagery obtained over a controlled burn and operating nuclear power plant demonstrated the sensitivity of the instrument to temperature variations. The system relies on a mature stereoscopic imaging technique applied to the same scene from two independent platforms to unambiguously retrieve atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) with accurate height assignment. This capability has been successfully applied to geostationary and low-earth orbit satellites to achieve excellent accuracy. When applied to a ground-point validation case, the accuracy for the CMIS aircraft observations was 20 m and 0.3 m/s for cloud heights and motion vectors, respectively. This result was confirmed by a detailed error analysis with analytical and covariance models. The results for CMIS cases with underflights of Aeolus, CALIPSO and Aqua provided a good validation of expected accuracies. The paper also showed the feasibility of accommodating CMIS on CubeSats to enable multiple instruments to be flown in a leader-follower mode.
Disease Severity and Risk Factors of 30-Day Hospital Readmission in Pediatric Hospitalizations for Pneumonia
Authors: Lewis Motomori O. , Tran Phuong T. , Huang Yushi , Desai Raj A. , Shen Yun , Brown Joshua D
Published: January 2022

Pneumonia is the leading cause of hospitalization in pediatric patients. Disease severity greatly influences pneumonia progression and adverse health outcomes such as hospital readmission. Hospital readmissions have become a measure of healthcare quality to reduce excess expenditures. The aim of this study was to examine 30-day all-cause readmission rates and evaluate the association between pneumonia severity and readmission among pediatric pneumonia hospitalizations. Using 2018 Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD), we conducted a cross-sectional study of pediatric hospitalizations for pneumonia. Pneumonia severity was defined by the presence of respiratory failure, sepsis, mechanical ventilation, dependence on long-term supplemental oxygen, and/or respiratory intubation. Outcomes of interest were 30-day all-cause readmission, length of stay, and cost. The rate of 30-day readmission for the total sample was 5.9%, 4.7% for non-severe pneumonia, and 8.7% for severe pneumonia (p<0.01). Among those who were readmitted, hospitalizations for severe pneumonia had a longer length of stay (6.5 vs. 5.4 days, p<0.01) and higher daily cost ($3,246 vs. $2,679, p<0.01) than admissions for non-severe pneumonia. Factors associated with 30-day readmission were pneumonia severity, immunosuppressive conditions, length of stay, and hospital case volume. To reduce potentially preventable readmissions, clinical interventions to improve the disease course and hospital system interventions are necessary.
Parametric Design Applied to Heritage Buildings. A Dialogue between Tradition and Evolution. The Case Study of Saint Clare’s Monastery in Belalcazar, Spain
Authors: Millán Millán Pablo Manuel , Chacon-Carretón Celia , Cabeza Laínez José María
Published: January 2022

The different technical and legal tools intended for heritage protection have introduced the novel possibility of enjoying important monumental complexes. The divergence lies in the artistic contexts in which, due to the genesis of their programmatic typology, they require residential uses, as is the case of monasteries. This article collects the results of a long-span research, whose main objective has been to find a tool that could allow us to measure different indicators on a continuous basis in which both the protection of the elements, and the capacity for habitation, are safeguarded. To this aim we have set in context the research at the Monastery of Santa Clara de la Columna in Belalcázar (Córdoba), a location with the highest possible heritage protection of Spanish ranking which, in turn, accommodates a religious community. The results have allowed us to design innovative parameters for habitation, within a protected and endangered heritage context.
The Role of Mesothelin Expression in Serous Ovarian Carcinoma: Impact on Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapeutic Target
Authors: Giordano Giovanna , Ferioli Elena , Tafuni Alessandro
Published: January 2022

Mesothelin is a protein that is expressed in the mesothelial cell lining in the pleura, peritoneum and pericardium. The gene of mesothelin encodes a precursor protein that is processed to yield mesothelin, which is attached to the cell membrane by a glycophosphatidylinositol linkage and a shred fragment named the megakaryocytic-potentiating factor. The biological functions of this substance in normal cells are still unknown. Experimental studies on knockout mice suggest that this substance does not play an important role in development and reproduction. In contrast, it has been observed that mesothelin is produced in abnormal amounts in several malignant neoplasms such as mesotheliomas and pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Given that mesothelin is overexpressed in many solid tumours and has antigenic properties, this molecule could be considered a tumour marker or an antigenic target for many malignancies. Many molecular studies also have demonstrated that mesothelin is overexpressed in serous ovarian carcinomas and may bind to ovarian cancer antigen Ca-125, favouring the spread of the tumour in the abdominal cavity. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of mesothelin and focus on its role in clinical and pathological diagnoses as well as its impact on the prognosis in serous ovarian carcinomas. We also briefly discuss the latest progress of mesothelin-targeting therapies for this aggressive and lethal neoplasm.
Sintesis dan Analisis Struktur Prekursor NMC811 dari Mix Hydroxide Precipitate (MHP) dengan Presipitan Asam Oksalat
Authors: Hakam Miftakhul , Dharmawan Adhitya , Arinawati Meidiana , Purwanto Agus , Yudha Cornelius Satria
Published: January 2022

Studi mengenai struktur kristal suatu material sangat penting dalam mengetahui baik tidaknya material, terutama untuk aplikasi teknologi penyimpanan energi listrik seperti baterai ion litium. Semakin murni dan baik suatu struktur kristal material, maka semakin baik efisiensinya dalam menjadi bahan baku material katoda baterai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah sintesis dan analisis karakteristik struktur kristal prekursor NMC811 oksalat (Ni0,8Mn0,1Co0,1C2O4) dari senyawa Mixed hydroxide precipitate atau MHP dengan presipitan asam oksalat. Sintesis prekursor NMC811 dilakukan dengan mereaksikan MHP (Ni 51,43% wt) dengan asam asetat agar diperoleh larutan nikel asetat. Sejumlah garam kobalt dan mangan ditambahkan kedalam larutan sehingga komposisi nikel:kobalt:mangan senilai 8:1:1. Endapan prekursor diperoleh dengan penambahan presipitan larutan asam oksalat. Endapan prekursor yang berhasil diisolasi dianalisis dengan X-ray diffractometer (XRD) untuk evaluasi struktur kristalnya. Berdasarkan analisis XRD MHP memiliki puncak difraksi yang kurang tajam dengan lebar pita yang relative besar sehingga menandakan bahwa MHP memiliki sifat kristal yang buruk. Sementara itu, Prekursor NMC811 oksalat memiliki puncak difraksi yang tajam. Hal ini membuktikan prekursor memiliki sifat kristal yang baik dengan kemurnian yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu, Prekursor NMC811 oksalat dengan bahan baku MHP dapat digunakan untuk bahan baku material katoda baterai ion litium tipe NMC811.
Synthesis of Syngas into Dimethyl Ether Using Cu-Zn-Al/-Alumina Bifunctional Catalyst as an Environmentally Friendly Fuel for Substituting Liquified Petroleum Gas
Authors: Lourentius Suratno
Published: January 2022

In order to meet the need for Liquified Petroleum Gas in Indonesia, which is currently around seventy percent of which is still imported, it is necessary to find a replacement. One of the efforts to replace the Liquified Petroleum Gas is by utilizing dimethyl ether which can be produced from coal as raw material. Coal can be catalytically converted to syngas and then syngas can be catalytically converted to dimethyl ether via a direct two-step or one-step route. This paper will discuss the one-step synthesis of dimethyl ether from syngas using Cu-Zn-Al/g-Alumina as a bifunctional catalyst. The syngas used consists of carbon monoxide and hydrogen with a mole ratio of 1:2. The conversion reaction was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor at the pressure of 40 bar, the temperature of 240-300 0C, and the space velocity of 29.3-32.7 mL/g catalyst/minute. The highest conversion of CO that can be achieved is 90.08 % at a temperature of 300 oC and the space velocity of 29.3 mL/g catalyst/minute. The synthesis product was analyzed using GC. The dimethyl ether is an environmentally friendly fuel and non-toxic compound that does not destroy ozone, does not contain sulfur, and has a calorific value of about 30.5 MJ/kg which is lower than 50.56 MJ/kg
Review of Generative Adversarial Networks in Image Generation
Authors: Chi Wanle , Choo Yun Huoy , Goh Ong Sing ,   Department of Information Technology, Wenzhou Polytechnic University Town, Chashan, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China,   Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) Malacca 76100, Malaysia
Published: January 2022

Generative adversarial network (GAN) model generates and discriminates images using an adversarial competitive strategy to generate high-quality images. The implementation of GAN in different fields is helpful for generating samples that are not easy to obtain. Image generation can help machine learning to balance data and improve the accuracy of the classifier. This paper introduces the principles of the GAN model and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of improving GANs. The applications of GANs in image generation are analyzed. Finally, the problems of GANs in image generation are summarized.
Automatic Carpal Site Detection Method for Evaluation of Rheumatoid Arthritis Using Deep Learning
Authors: Nakatsu Kohei , Rahman Rashedur , Morita Kento , Fujita Daisuke , Kobashi Syoji ,   Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo  2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan,   Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University  1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
Published: January 2022

Approximately 600,000 to 1,000,000 patients are diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Japan. To provide appropriate treatment, it is necessary to accurately measure the progression of RA by diagnosing the disease several times a year. The modified total sharp score (mTSS) calculated from hand X-ray images is a standard diagnostic method for RA progression. However, this diagnostic method is time-consuming as the scores are rated at as many as 16 points per hand. Accordingly, in order to shorten the diagnosis time of RA patients and improve the quality of diagnosis, the development of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems is expected. We have previously proposed a CAD system that can detect finger joint positions using a support vector machine and can estimate the mTSS using ridge regression. In this study, we propose a fully automatic detection method of RA score evaluation points in the carpal site from simple hand X-ray images using deep learning. The proposed method first segments the carpal site using deep learning. Next, the RA evaluation points are automatically determined from each segment based on prior knowledge. Experimental results on X-ray images of the hands of 140 patients with RA showed that the mTSS evaluation point at the carpal site could be detected with an average error of 25 pixels. This study enables the automatic detection of RA score evaluation points in the carpal site. In the diagnosis of RA, the time required for diagnosis can be reduced by automating the determination of diagnostic points by physician.
PPG Signal Morphology-Based Method for Distinguishing Stress and Non-Stress Conditions
Authors: Ahmed Solaiman , Bhuiyan Tanveer Ahmed , Nii Manabu ,   Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo  2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan,   Demant A/S 9 Kongebakken, Smorum 2765, Denmark
Published: January 2022

In this study, the morphology of the PPG signal has been analyzed to be a potential cardiovascular marker for physiological stress. The morphology of the PPG signal was quantified as signal quality index by comparing the template beat (extracted from resting conditions) to the PPG beats recorded during vigorous physical activity. Data was taken from eight subjects where they performed some physical activities ranging from low to high intensity. It was found that, the mean and standard deviation of correlation coefficient between non-stress condition template beat and annotated PPG beat, 89.43±5.17 (%) and 44.23±10.48 (%) for non-stress and stress beat respectively with P value of 2.04*10-06 shows significantly difference between correlation coefficients (stress and non-stress). Whereas, mean and standard deviation of dynamic time warping correlation coefficients are 93.43±5.06 (%) and 85.93±4.18 (%) for non-stress and stress beat respectively with P value of .04. The morphology results corroborate the findings from the traditional HRV parameters generally used for stratifying stress.
A Development of Robotic Scrub Nurse System - Detection for Surgical Instruments Using Faster Region-Based Convolutional Neural Network –
Authors: Nakano Akito ,   Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui, Fukui 910-8507, Japan, Nagamune Kouki
Published: January 2022

There is presently a shortage of nurses in Japan, with a further shortage of 3,000–130,000 nurses expected. There is also shortage of scrub nurses. Scrub nurses are nurses who work in the operating room. The main job of scrub nurses is to assist surgeons. Scrub nurses are a high turnover rate, because it is a difficult job. Therefore, system for assisting scrub nurses are needed. The purpose of this study was to develop a robotic scrub nurse. As a first step, a detection system for surgical instruments was developed using the “Faster Region-Based Convolutional Neural Network” (Faster R-CNN). In experiments, computer graphics (CG) model images and 3D-printed model images were evaluated, and the system showed high accuracy. Consequently, the Faster R-CNN system can be considered as suitable for detecting surgical instruments.
Muhammad Abi Zahra’s Method in The Variety of Qira`āt in Tafsīr Zahrah al-Tafāsīr
Authors: Hasan Moh. Abdul Kholiq
Published: January 2022

This research aims at investigating Abi Zahra’s method towards the variety of the Qira`āt. This research paper employs the analytic descriptive method by exploring and analyzing the variety of Qira`āt in the Zahrah al-Tafāsīr. The results showed that Abi Zahra’s interaction methods towards the variety of Qira`āt are: (1) When presenting the Qiraāt, he often does not attribute the Qira`āt to their owner except in a small proportion (2) the diligence to present the Qira`āt Mutawātirah (3) Combine the Qira`āt (4) clarifying and explaining the Qira`āt (5) and explaining the Qira`āt Syāżah. Among his goals was to pay attention to the recitations in his interpretation, first: his assertion that all the frequent the Qira`āt are from the Qur’an, and that the meanings of those Qira`āt are all intended in the Qur’an and evidence of its miracles. Second: Using the Qira`āt to derive jurisprudential rulings and determine the meaning of the verse, because the Qira`āt are closely related to the position of of interpretation and the difference in rulings.
Pemikiran Sa’īd Ramadhān Al-Būthī Terhadap Isu-isu Feminisme (Kajian atas Penafsiran Sa’īd Ramadhān Al-Būthī terhadap Ayat-ayat Hijab, Kepemimpinan Perempuan, Hak Waris, dan Poligami)
Authors: ‘Ashry M. Noor , Firdausiyah Umi Wasilatul
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengelaborasi pemikiran Muhammad Sa’īd Ramadhān al-Būthī terkait perempuan dan ajaran Islam yang dianggap diskriminatif terhadap perempuan. Adapun sejumlah ajaran Islam yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah hijab, kepemimpinan perempuan, hak waris, dan poligami. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilandasi teori hermeneutika efektual dari Hans George Gadamer. Penelitian ini berkesimpulan bahwa: 1) Hijab tidak mengisolasi perempuan dari segala aktivitas kehidupannya. Namun pemahaman yang ekstrem terhadap QS. an-Nur: 31 lah yang menimbulkan gangguan pada perempuan yang berujung pada kemunduran Islam; 2) Kepemimpinan perempuan dibenarkan selama tidak sebagai kepala negara dengan syarat-syarat tertentu; 3) QS. an-Nisa: 11 (li adz-dzakar mitsl haẓẓi al-untsayayn) bukanlah kaidah umum dalam pembagian harta warisan. Kaidah tersebut hanya berlaku pada kondisi tertentu saja; 4) Poligami dipermasalahkan oleh aktivis feminisme Barat dikarenakan adanya perbedaan persepsi yang mendasar antara Islam dan Barat dalam memandang esensi dan konsep pernikahan dan zina; 5) Kesetaraan yang benar adalah kesetaraan yang tidak menyelisihi kodrat yang diberikan Tuhan pada manusia.
Uma hermenêutica para antinomias de princípios: limites para seu controle constitucional e políticas públicas
Authors: Neves Cleuler Barbosa das , Rocha Lima Rafael Carvalho da
Published: January 2022

Partindo-se de uma teoria de suporte fático amplo dos direitos fundamentais, que exige uma diferenciação forte entre os conceitos de princípios e de regras, como espécies de normas, procurar-se-á apresentar e descrever alguns casos que ilustram a necessidade de construir ou optar por uma referência teórica para, com precisão, dar conta dos problemas hermenêuticos que cotidianamente ocorrem aos que operam o Direito brasileiro. Assim, dentre os desafios que modernamente se põem aos operadores o direito no Brasil é preciso fixar os conceitos de princípio e de regra, tornando mais clara a distinção entre ambos e observando as consequências e implicações que sofrem as soluções das antinomias que o sistema jurídico apresenta: colisão entre princípios, conflito entre regras e colisão entre princípio e regra; sendo indispensável avaliar os impactos da aplicação de uma teoria dos direitos fundamentais apoiada num suporte fático amplo, sobretudo quanto ao dogma em que se suporta o chamado princípio da legalidade, quando se apresenta uma das seguintes situações: na lacuna de lei permissiva, a despeito da lei proibitiva e na existência de lei inconstitucional ou de ato normativo ilegal.
Presidents and the multiparty system in Brazil: is coalitional presidentialism doomed to fail? President Dilma Rousseff’s constitutional occupational accident and new challenges under Bolsonaro’s government
Authors: Voermans Wim , De Paula Felipe , Netto Luísa
Published: January 2022

Taking as central threads the impeachment of President Dilma Rousseff in August 2016 and Jair Bolsonaro’s presidency so far, the article analyses and assesses the Brazilian institutional design in the light of Juan Linz’s assumption that presidential regimes with multiple parties are a fatal combination. The recent impeachment episodes might be viewed as evidence to that effect. The institutional set-up of the Brazilian constitutional and political system seems to result – as Linz predicted – in a biased use of the traditional political machinery which exists in multiparty presidentialism. But is it actually the set-up itself that is the trigger, or do the political dynamics and the actors involved in this set-up undermine the system? Considering more recent theories, this article takes a more encompassing view of Brazilian coalitional presidentialism and its overall resilience. Adopting a broader framework for our analysis, we distinguish between endemic, structural and non-structural deficits in the presidential and multiparty system in Brazil in relation to the operation of impeachment procedures. This helps us to identify the overall value and effect of constitutional corrective mechanisms and practices which try to address the problems of multiparty presidentialism in Brazil and sheds, we believe, a somewhat more optimistic light on the development of democracy in Brazil.
Riscos da discricionariedade na jurisdição constitucional: um estudo a partir da ordem de apresentação de alegações finais em situação de réu delator
Authors: Ribeiro Cardoso Henrique , Brito Junior Antonio Wellington
Published: January 2022

O presente estudo analisará as limitações ao poder discricionário dos juízes quando exercem a jurisdição constitucional, mormente a partir do julgamento do Supremo Tribunal Federal no HC 166373/PR. O objetivo é demonstrar, a partir de um precedente paradigmático, que o ativismo judicial desmedido repercute na harmonia entre os poderes e alça as cortes constitucionais como entidades teoricamente mais relevantes da sociedade, em descaso às prerrogativas dos demais poderes republicanos, gerando uma tensão institucional sem precedentes. Na fixação de limites à discricionariedade em decisões judiciais, ver-se-á como as teorias da democracia podem delimitar os contornos da jurisdição constitucional, a fim de que, em nome da necessidade de garantir efetividade aos preceitos magnos, o Judiciário não enverede pela prolação de decisões que, ao reconhecerem nulidades supostamente implícitas, terminem por disseminar a crença na insegurança jurídica ou na impunidade penal.
Fake Science and Simulacra of Culture: Illusory Ideas about Slavic Paganism in Modern Russian Humanities
Authors:   Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University, Beskov Andrey A.
Published: January 2022

Modern scientific literature is full of the terms “simulacrum”, “fake”, “post-truth”, “hyperreality”, again and again explaining to us what an illusory world we live in. This world, the artistic quintessence of which was the fantastic dystopia “The Matrix”, is frightening. Fortunately, there is the science that is de­signed to expose myths and explain to us what the world around us really is. But what if science itself begins to produce massively fake knowledge? This is ex­actly what happens in Russian science when it comes to the philosophical under­standing of Slavic paganism. The article provides numerous examples of how modern scientific publications reflect outdated, unreliable, often obviously fan­tastic information about it, often going back to the repeatedly exposed fake – “The Book of Veles”, which no longer enjoys authority even among neo-pagans. The mythological phantoms generated by it become not only the elements of mass consciousness, but also the material for various scientific reconstructions. So there is a fusion of science and pseudoscience. The reason for this is the insti­tutional problems of Russian science: excessive stimulation of publication activ­ity, the abundance of scientific publications that publish weak works, and the de­valuation of the concept of “scientific reputation”.
Phenomenology of the “Logic of Question and Answer”
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Shestova Evgeniya A.
Published: January 2022

In this article I examine the reading as a communication, that takes place within the text space. The investigation is based on the conceptions of H.-G. Gadamer and M. Merleau-Ponty. I consider the reading as quasi-dialog without a real “dia­log partner” and investigate, what produces an effect of request to the reader. I start with the examination of Gadamer’s “logic of question and answer”, and my proposition is to interepret “question” and “answer” as two aspects of sense, which are contained interwoven in every expression: the negative aspect and the positive one. Following the Merleau-Ponty’s interpretation of the language as gesticulation, I trace the function of question, or the negative aspect of sense, in the communication. The question marks the gap between the spoken word and something that is to speak, it points on the open possibilities of sense. In his lat­est works Merleau-Ponty re-interprets Husserls concept of “significative inten­tion”: he accents the meaning of a tendency, of a void, that is to fulfill by the reader. The text conveys not the sense nor the signification, but the significative intention. It is the request addressed to the reader from the “author” or the “text” who is supposed to be a “dialog partner”. We propose to denominate it as “quasi-author”, which is an unavoidable structural part of every act of reading.
To the Origins of Studies of Science in India: Prafullachandra Ray on the Development of Science Problems in Modernizing Society. Ray, Prafullachandra, The Bengali Brain and Its Misuse, Trans­lated by Tatiana G. Skorokhodova
Authors:   Penza State University, Skorokhodova Tatiana G.
Published: January 2022

Modern Indian intellectual history has rich sources for research of non-Western studies of science. Genesis of Indian studies of science belongs to the colonial epoch, when the scientists attempted to study a history of indigenous scientific knowledge as well as to think the circumstances of decline and further Modern development of sciences in India. The thoughtful example of work in studies of science area is an essay ‘The Bengali Brain and Its Misuse’ (1910) by Indian chemist Prafullachandra Ray (1861–1944). The article’s aim is to present the so­cial and philosophical meanings of the essay in broad context of intellectual and cultural development of the Bengal Renaissance. Externally presenting an at­tempt to comprehend social causes of impossibility of ‘scientific revolution’ in India in comparison with Europe and ones of retardation of Bengal sociocul­tural community in the most important spheres of activity, P. Ray forms practi­cally the first approach to Indian philosophy of science. Science is interpreted as the derivative from human ‘spirit of inquiry’, and the foundation for cognitive effort is rationalism, which encourages to raise bold questions and to doubt any authority. From sociology of science point of view, a decline of science knowl­edge and misuse of intellectual efforts P. Ray treats as consequence of Brahmins’ monopoly of the knowledge, of the caste system and misunderstanding of high education value in modernizing society’s circumstances.