bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hinglaj in Perspective
Authors: Schaflechner Jürgen
Published: January 2018

This chapter presents three distinct strains of the Goddess’s history, corresponding to the three main historical discourses shaping the current representations of Hinglaj and the ritual journeys relating to her. The first surveys the various mentions of Hinglaj Devi in ancient Sanskrit sources, including her link to the myth of the Goddess Sati. The second demonstrates how Hinglaj rose to her role as an important caste and clan Goddess for contemporary South Asian Hindus. The third provides a glimpse into how the shrine’s Zikri-Muslim history has transformed the Goddess into a representative of communal understanding between Muslims and Hindus in today’s Sindh. Laid over this approach is an overview of the recent infrastructural and other developments at and around the shrine and their effect on these historical narratives, including the recent emergence of the Lasi-Lohana caste as a new and powerful actor in the process of writing and rewriting the history of Hinglaj.
Solidifying Hinglaj: Striving for a Uniform Tradition
Authors: Schaflechner Jürgen
Published: January 2018

By exploring the features of the most important annual religious festival at Hinglaj, chapter 6 reveals how one local community’s version of Hinduism became hegemonic and synonymous with the “real” or the “actual” tradition of the Goddess. Utilizing the author’s own extensive ethnographic material, it describes how the increasingly plural religious landscapes at Hinglaj has not led to a democratization of interpretation of the shrine’s various traditions but rather to the solidification of one set of narratives and practices favored by the Hinglaj Sheva Mandali. Thanks to the vast institutional network attached to the local temple committee—largely composed of Lasi Lohana group members—Lohana practices at the temple have been framed and disseminated in a way that suggests their association with broader notions of progress and education. This chapter furthermore engages with the ban of animal sacrifice (Hin. bali) at Hinglaj to demonstrate how this prohibition played a significant role for solidifying a coherent tradition at the shrine.
Stop Family Violence
Authors: Barth Richard P. , Macy Rebecca J.
Published: January 2018

Family violence is a common American tragedy. Assaults by parents, intimate partners, and adult children frequently result in serious injury and even death. Such violence costs billions of dollars annually in social and criminal justice spending. Proven interventions can prevent abuse, identify abuse sooner, and help families survive and thrive by breaking the cycle of violence or finding safe alternatives.
Harness Technology for Social Good
Authors: Berzin Stephanie Cosner , Coulton Claudia J.
Published: January 2018

Innovative applications of new digital technology present opportunities for social and human services to reach more people with greater impact on our most vexing social problems. These new technologies can be deployed to more strategically target social spending, speed up the development of effective programs, and bring a wider array of help to more individuals and communities.
Funeral and Ancestral Offerings
Authors: Sayers Matthew R.
Published: January 2018

This chapter outlines the development of the enduring model of ritual ancestral offerings, the śrāddha. A discussion of the Vedic antecedents for ancestor worship provides context for describing the development of both solemn and domestic modes of ancestral offerings. The four forms of the śrāddha are described and shown to be a result of the synthesis of older ritual models. It is shown that three key historical shifts—the increasing importance of domestic modes of ritual activity, the greater extent and detail of textual treatments of the ancestral rites, and the central place given to ancestral ritual in the dharma tradition—play a key role in the development of the classical śrāddha, which becomes the paradigmatic ancestral rite that endures in contemporary practice.
King
Authors: McClish Mark
Published: January 2018

This chapter explores two related aspects of statecraft in ancient India: techniques of governance (nīti) and the king’s sacred duty under dharma (rājadharma). It is often held that rules on governance developed out of more fundamental reflections on law and obligation in the early Dharmaśāstra literature, that practical techniques of rule were articulations of the king’s sacred obligations. In fact, the early nīti tradition developed its rules on governance independent of the dharma tradition. The concept of rājadharma served to facilitate the integration of material from this pre-existing nīti tradition into the early dharma texts, which initially did not pay a great deal of attention to kings or kingship.
Punishment
Authors: McClish Mark
Published: January 2018

In Indic thought, the daṇḍa (“staff”) represented the king’s use of violence for the purpose of governance. His right and obligation as daṇḍadhara (“wielder of the staff”) to punish those deemed deserving of punishment under the law defined the king’s role in the legal system. In this sense, daṇḍa represented the legalization of domination, in which state violence was reckoned as just punishment. But the king was not the only one with a recognized right to punish. This chapter explores how daṇḍa was used to articulate and legitimize relations of domination within the legal imagination of Dharmaśāstra. It asks, in particular, who is conferred the right to punish and how much?
Penance
Authors: Brick David
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines the intimately connected conceptions of sin (pāpa) and penance (prāyaścitta) developed within the Dharmaśāstra tradition. Its primary aim is to demonstrate how numerous features of the Dharmaśāstra theory of sin and penance reflect a pervasive concern with two fundamentally different human activities: (a) the personal quest to avoid an undesirable life after death and (b) the process of excommunicating and readmitting members of a given social community. This chapter, therefore, highlights the rather stark distinction that Dharmaśāstra texts make in their treatment of ritual expiation between social and soteriological concerns. To this end, close attention is paid to the traditional distinction made between public and private sins and penances.
A Buddhist Monastic Code as a Source for Indian Law
Authors: Schopen Gregory
Published: January 2018

Kane asserted that Indian “Buddhists” did not have any independent legal ideas or instruments, and, in effect, did not—in fact, could not—contribute anything to Dharmaśāstra or Indian Law. Even in his day, however, evidence was available that rendered his position untenable, and the recent re-dating of some major texts makes it even more so. Indeed, on the basis of a single Buddhist Vinaya, or monastic code, it can be shown that the relationship between Buddhist monastic law and Dharmaśāstra can be both complex and variable, and there are clear cases where Buddhist developments appear to have had priority.
Introduction
Authors: Sherwood Yvonne
Published: January 2018

When I began work on this book, back in 2013, I had no nightmares of a man who would be elected to presidential office despite having been recorded bragging openly about ‘grab[bing]’ women ‘by the pussy’: a statement that echoes the worst of biblical pornoprophetic insults, as in Isaiah 3:17. Even the darkest of prophets could not have foretold the appointment of so many North American cabinet members accused of sexual assault, or such a concerted and centralized attack on Planned Parenthood, Black Lives Matter, and queer and migrant/refugee rights. As the essays in this collection clearly show, issues such as hardening borders, guns, and ...
Death and the Maiden
Authors: Økland Jorunn
Published: January 2018

In a comparative study of the manifesto genre, the chapter selects three manifestos that from the outset shares common traits, including glorification of death and violence, a preoccupation with gender, the ‘laying bare’ of future events, all from a marginal position in the present. The three are the biblical Book of Revelation, Solanas’s SCUM Manifesto, and Breivik’s 2083: A European Declaration of Independence. The modern manifestos demonstrate genre similarities and a continuity in themes, preoccupations compared to Revelation, but postulating direct dependence would mean going too far. Instead, the chapter demonstrates how the misogynist ideology of Revelation lives on in the clockwork of the genre it helped to create, long after any detailed knowledge of the text itself is forgotten.
Joanna Southcott and Mabel Barltrop
Authors: Shaw Jane
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines how Joanna Southcott (1750–1814) and Mabel Barltrop—known as Octavia—(1866–1934) interpreted the books of Genesis and Revelation to fashion their roles as prophets and to develop a theology of the Fall, redemption, and the millennium which put woman at the centre of events past, present, and future. Both spread their message through print culture, and also lived out their biblical interpretation: Southcott as—she believed—‘the woman clothed with the sun’; Octavia as the incarnation of Shiloh, a messiah figure, who presided over a community in Bedford which, members believed, would be at the epicentre of future apocalyptic events.
The Wandering Jewess
Authors: Ostriker Alicia
Published: January 2018

This chapter discusses the author’s development as a feminist poet who began wrestling with the Hebrew Bible and Jewish tradition in the mid-1980s, focusing primarily on two of her books. The Nakedness of the Fathers (1994) is part midrash, part autobiography, re-telling biblical narratives from Genesis to Job and beyond, from a Jewish woman’s perspective. The book combines poetry and prose; it concludes by anticipating ‘the return of the Mother’, who in Kabbalistic tradition is called Shekhinah and is understood to be the female half of an androgynous Godhead. The Volcano Sequence (2002) is an experimental volume of poems which address a slippery ‘you’ that is sometimes the God of the Hebrew Bible, sometimes the speaker’s Mother, sometimes the Shekhinah. The chapter concludes by discussing poetry and prose engaged in analogous projects intended to re-define the nature of God and of the Sacred with emphasis on the sacred female.
The Inheritance of Gehinnom
Authors: Kahn-Harris Deborah
Published: January 2018

This chapter provides a framework for the creation of contemporary feminist midrashim. It begins by providing a justification for the inclusion of women’s voices in classical forms of Jewish commentary, followed by a basic overview of the genre of midrash. The chapter then lays out a possible framework for the creation of feminist midrash, including a discussion of reader-response theory, middot, and feminist hermeneutics. Following on from the theoretical, a concrete example of a feminist midrash is given on the subject of Genesis 1:26. Some detailed linguistic analysis of this verse is explored in order to help explicate the questions being addressed by the midrash. An analysis of the midrash concludes the chapter.
A Foolish King, Women, and Wine
Authors: García Bachmann Mercedes L.
Published: January 2018

Proverbs 31:1–9 is a mother’s teaching to her son, King Lemuel, on administration of one’s life (what and whom not to spend one’s strength on), on royal justice (it is not for kings to drink, lest they forget righteousness), and on strong drink for those who need to forget. Studies deal generally with the issue of wine or justice, leaving out vs. 1–3, her first words. A feminist study looks at the dynamics of female wisdom, evident in Lemuel’s Mother, but also at matters of gender solidarity. The mother’s warning against female recipients of the kingly issue (wealth, vigour) has a double effect: it works to alert young people on the importance of right and wrong decisions for those involved including the subject of those decisions), but it also alerts us against stereotyped, biased depictions of women by women.
Unveiling the European Woman
Authors: Tofighi Fatima
Published: January 2018

In recent years, many biblical scholars have tried to uncover the unethical readings of scriptures. Despite the relatively high prevalence of ethical exegesis, the ramifications of biblical scholarship for people outside Judaism and Christianity have yet to be taken into account. In this essay, I will focus on the interpretation of the veil in ecclesiastical literature and what it entails for both European self-understanding and the exclusion of the veil from the public. I will start by a survey of the reception history of 1 Corinthians 11:5–16, where Paul admonishes women to cover their heads veil praying or prophesying. Then, I will show how the reinterpretation of this passage in modern literature was tantamount to the exclusion of the veil as foreign to European identity.
The Emperor’s Grand Inception, and the defeat of the Grand Clerk
Authors: Cullen Christopher
Published: January 2018

We now turn to the story of the great reform of the system of celestial calculation, li, that took place in 104 BCE. The decision to carry out a reform was driven by the emperor’s obsession with finding a way to escape death by becoming an ‘immortal’. The official astronomer, Sima Qian, appears to have been pushed aside in favour of experts drawn from outside the bureaucracy. Once the reform was concluded, disputes did not cease. Around 78 BCE it was claimed that the system set up in 104 BCE was fundamentally flawed. For the first time we see a detailed account of the use of systematic observation of the heavens to provide a basis for deciding whether a system of celestial calculation was correct. Finally, we examine attempts made under the late Western Han to give an account of how such calculations were made in past ages.
Epilogue
Authors: Cullen Christopher
Published: January 2018

By the end of the Han, specialists in the analysis and prediction of the motions of the heavenly bodies had established ways of working which were, in their essentials, to be continued and developed without radical discontinuity for the rest of the imperial age. The stability of these methods was underpinned by their incorporation into the ideology of imperial legitimacy, which claimed that the emperor had not simply the right, but the duty, to ‘grant the seasons’ to his people—a duty which was imagined to have been fulfilled by the model rulers of high antiquity....
‘Things Pressing to be said’
Authors: Sanders Valerie
Published: January 2018

Unlike many of the other authors discussed in this collection, Martineau has rarely been read for pleasure in the artistry of her wordplay. When she mentions her writing it is with a sense, declared in her Autobiography, that ‘Things were pressing to be said.’ Her purpose was to educate, popularize, and simplify, her words essentially a vehicle for the transmission of information. Focusing on examples of her journalism, this chapter challenges the view that Martineau’s style was essentially functional, by exploring her acute rhetorical self-awareness. Building on the classical mode of composition she had learned at school, with its systematic structures and aphoristic statements, her writing is also homely, commonsensical, even volatile, often culminating in a cry of ‘What is to be done?’ as she urges her readers to embrace their social responsibilities.
Ruskin’s Style of Thought
Authors: Waithe Marcus
Published: January 2018

John Ruskin complained of being ‘called a “word painter” instead of a thinker.’ This chapter challenges the basis of that opposition, in claiming that Ruskin’s way of putting things is itself a valuable kind of thought. A resonant case is his reference in Proserpina (1875-86) to ‘the melancholy humour of a root in loving darkness’, where the vitalist idea of ‘vegetable love’ intrudes on botanical convention in a way that isn’t simply ‘purple’. These later tendencies draw on the purportedly systemic methods of the early works, where definition plays a key role in reopening apparently closed views. When Ruskin wants to tell us what a wall is, he indicates that it has ‘purposes in its existence, like an organized creature’, and that its foundation is ‘what the paw is to an animal’ (The Stones of Venice). From first principles of definition, he conjures something not just unexpected, but manifestly rethought.
Encouraging Collaborative Remembering Between Young Children and Their Caregivers
Authors: Reese Elaine
Published: January 2018

Parents support their children’s verbal memories from the time children begin to refer to the past, at around age one and a half years. When parents use elaborative reminiscing techniques in these conversations—through their sensitive use of open-ended questions containing new information, and confirmations of children’s responses—children’s autobiographical memory is strengthened. These benefits are evident for children’s collaborative remembering with parents and with other adults, and extend to children’s narrative, emotion understanding, and theory of mind skills. The mechanism for these effects is likely occurring through the verbal cues that parents are offering children for retrieving and consolidating their memories. Through elaborative reminiscing, parents are helping children to represent their memories in language, and through language to share them with others.
The Spirit of Cromwell’s Rule
Authors: McGrew Timothy
Published: January 2018

One of the central complaints about Bayesian probability is that it places no constraints on individual subjectivity in one’s initial probability assignments. Those sympathetic to Bayesian methods have responded by adding restrictions motivated by broader epistemic concerns about the possibility of changing one’s mind. This chapter explores some cases where, intuitively, a straightforward Bayesian model yields unreasonable results. Problems arise in these cases not because there is something wrong with the Bayesian formalism per se but because standard textbook illustrations teach us to represent our inferences in simplified ways that break down in extreme cases. It also explores some interesting limitations on the extent to which successive items of evidence ought to induce us to change our minds when certain screening conditions obtain.
Against Idealism
Authors: Oppy Graham
Published: January 2018

This chapter argues that naturalism is more theoretically virtuous than idealism. It begins by explaining how the author understands naturalism and idealism. It then explains the method used for determining that one philosophical position is superior to a second. The method has three main steps: (1) articulation of the competing positions to the same sufficient level of precision; (2) internal review for the consistency and coherence of the competing positions; and then—supposing that both positions survive (2)—(3) comparative review. Finally, it applies the method to the contest between naturalism and idealism. It claims that, on comparative review, it is seen that naturalism trumps idealism: it scores better on the count of minimizing commitments, and no worse on the count of maximizing explanatory breadth and depth.
Conceptual Idealism Without Ontological Idealism
Authors: Hofweber Thomas
Published: January 2018

Idealism in its strong form is the view that our human minds in particular, not just minds in general, are metaphysically central to reality, somehow. This chapter presents an argument for this strong form of idealism. The argument will come largely from the philosophy of language, which might sound dubious. However, it will be shown that such an argument can establish a substantial metaphysical conclusion nonetheless. One key move is to distinguish two versions of idealism tied to two ways of conceiving of reality: the totality of facts vs. the totality of things. Ontological idealism is false: we are not central for reality understood as the totality of things. However, conceptual idealism, a version of idealism concerning the totality of facts, is true. The argument given in this chapter aims to show why and how that can be.
Homotopy Type Theory: A Synthetic Approach to Higher Equalities
Authors: Shulman Michael
Published: January 2018

Homotopy type theory and univalent foundations (HoTT/UF) is a new foundation of mathematics, based not on set theory but on “infinity-groupoids”, which consist of collections of objects, ways in which two objects can be equal, ways in which those ways-to-be-equal can be equal, ad infinitum. Though apparently complicated, such structures are increasingly important in mathematics. Philosophically, they are an inevitable result of the notion that whenever we form a collection of things, we must simultaneously consider when two of those things are the same. The “synthetic” nature of HoTT/UF enables a much simpler description of infinity groupoids than is available in set theory, thereby aligning with modern mathematics while placing “equality” back in the foundations of logic. This chapter will introduce the basic ideas of HoTT/UF for a philosophical audience, including Voevodsky’s univalence axiom and higher inductive types.
Animals
Authors: Gray Erik
Published: January 2018

This chapter focuses on poetry’s frequent use of animals to explore the complexities of love. Animals feature in poems as objects of love, as lovers themselves, or in various other, more figurative, capacities. Although creatures of all kinds populate love poetry, birds are the most ubiquitous. The mating behaviors of birds, at once instinctive and highly patterned, offer a natural parallel to the combination of impulse and predetermined structure that characterizes both love and poetry. And while the same could be said of other animals, birds employ song as a key component of their courtship and so reflect the work of love poetry. A focus on birds and other animals also offers the poet scope to celebrate the role of sexual desire in love. Yet animals, in their mingled familiarity and alienness, ultimately appeal to love poets less as direct models than as signs of erotic uncertainty, queerness, and inconclusiveness.
Attention and Action
Authors: Ganeri Jonardon
Published: January 2018

This chapter explores the belief that what explains the nature of our consciously active involvement with the world, our freedom from passivity, is attention. Attention is a kind of mental action. Different kinds of attention have distinct roles in explaining perception, memory, testimony, self-knowledge, social cognition, intention in action, and introspection. The chapter discusses the Authorship View of self, which is the view that selves are just the agents posited by agent causalists, and argues that it is false because the theory of action it presupposes is false. The Authorship View is the view of self rejected in Pāli Buddhist doctrine of ‘no-self’ (anatta).
Perceptual Attention
Authors: Ganeri Jonardon
Published: January 2018

Conscious attention performs two distinct roles in experience, a role of placing and a role of focusing, roles which match a distinction between selection and access endorsed in recent theories of attention. The intentionality of conscious experience consists in two sorts of attentional action, a focusing at and a placing on, the first lending to experience a perspectival categorical content and the second structuring its phenomenal character. Placing should be thought of more like opening a window for consciousness than as shining a spotlight, and focusing has to do with accessing the properties of whatever the window opens onto. A window is an aperture whose boundaries are defined by what is excluded—in this case, distractors.
Identifying Persons
Authors: Ganeri Jonardon
Published: January 2018

The Buddhist project is to show how it is possible to be both autonomous and shadow-like, how there can be actions and experiences without a substantial detached self. In this chapter, the author draws on the distinction between self and other that is made available by empathetic attention in order to construct an account of persons. Persons are not merely causally connected chains of psycho-physical events, nor are they physical objects that happen to instantiate mental properties; they are loci of value and significance. The boundaries of a person are defined by what is excluded as alien, and so the notion of a person is apophatic rather than forensic.
Dramatis personae: an introduction to the wild musteloids
Authors: Macdonald David W. , Harrington Lauren A. , Newman Chris
Published: January 2018

The musteloids comprise over 90 species (belonging to four families – the Mustelidae, Mephitidae, Procyonidae and Ailuridae) in a diversity of forms, that are distributed worldwide, across several climatic zones and in a number of habitat types (terrestrial and aquatic). This first chapter gives a brief overview of the biogeography and ecology of musteloids, their assemblages and communities, their conservation status, and the anthropogenic threats that they face, and then provides a short account of each of the musteloid species describing their geographic range, habitat associations, diet, home range size, population densities, and conservation issues. Each species vignette is accompanied by a range map reproduced from the 2016 IUCN Red list of Threatened Species, and body size data taken from the literature.
People and wild musteloids
Authors: Harrington Lauren A. , Marino Jorgelina , King Carolyn M.
Published: January 2018

Musteloids encounter, or cause, a diversity of potential problems, both perceived and real, when they interact with people. Only one of the musteloids (the wolverine) qualifies as a ‘large carnivore’ but all are powerful predators for their size, and many are small and adaptable enough to live amongst humans in agricultural landscapes and urban environments. Musteloids prey on small domesticated, stocked and game animals (terrestrial and aquatic), and are otherwise considered a nuisance due to the damage they can cause to crops, buildings or cars, for which they are commonly managed, and often persecuted. Musteloids are also exploited by people for their pelts, sometimes legally and sustainably, sometimes illegally and with serious impacts on threatened species. Even for non-threatened species, management techniques and exploitation practices raise issues associated with sustainability, adequacy of monitoring, welfare and ethics that warrant greater consideration.
Small mustelids in New Zealand: invasion ecology in a different world
Authors: King Carolyn M. , Norbury Grant , Veale Andrew J.
Published: January 2018

This chapter reviews the ecology of the three species of small mustelids introduced into New Zealand: the ferret (Mustela furo), the stoat (M. erminea) and the weasel (M. nivalis), for biological control of rabbits. New Zealand offers a mosaic of environments totally different from those in which the three species evolved, including a diminishing array of endemic fauna especially vulnerable to mammalian predators. Mustelids in New Zealand display significant adaptive flexibility in diet, habitat selection, co-existence, dispersal, body size, population biology and predatory impact, with results contrasting with those observable in their northern-hemisphere ancestors. These evolutionary and ecological responses by mustelids to new opportunities are of considerable interest to evolutionary ecologists, especially those interested in competition and predator-prey relationships. Likewise, the need to protect New Zealand’s native fauna has stimulated extensive research on alternative options for mitigating the effects of invasive predators, applicable to pest management problems in other countries.
European badgers and the control of bovine tuberculosis in the United Kingdom
Authors: Woodroffe Rosie , Donnelly Christl A.
Published: January 2018

The European badger has become infamous because of its incompletely understood role in the spread of bovive tuberculosis to cattle, despite in actuality being directly implicated in only 5.7% of herd breakdowns. Randomised Badger culling trial data suggest that badger culling could make only a limited contribution to TB eradication in Britain. Surviving badgers in both proactive and reactive culling areas immigrate into the surrounding area, which generally worsens the rate of cattle herd breakdowns by around 25% in these areas. While badger vaccination appears promising as a potential TB control tool, there is not yet sufficient evidence to judge its effectiveness. Free shooting of badgers has proven less effective than hoped, failing to reach cull targets. Furthermore, instances of badger suffering have been reported. Consequently, controlling TB through badger management remains technically, ethically and politically challenging and alternative approaches directed at cattle are likely to be more effective.
Range decline and landscape ecology of the eastern spotted skunk
Authors: Gompper Matthew E.
Published: January 2018

The eastern spotted skunk has declined in numbers across its eastern North American geographic range, and its range has also contracted. This chapter examines the possible causes of this decline (including landscape change, overharvest, novel pathogens, and the onset of modern pesticide use), reviews the state of knowledge of the eastern spotted skunk with a particular focus on the landscape ecology of the species, and identifies topics that represent knowledge gaps for the species. Most knowledge of the ecology of eastern spotted skunks derives from studies conducted at just a handful of sites, and it is unclear the extent to which findings gained from these studies are representative of the ecology of the taxon across its range.
Kinkajou: the tree-top specialist
Authors: Brooks Melody , Kays Roland
Published: January 2018

Kinkajous have evolved a suite of unique adaptations not seen in other Carnivores, helping them thrive in the canopies of neotropical forests. They have a prehensile tail and reversible hind feet to help them climb trees, and large eyes and scent glands to help them navigate complex tropical canopies at night. By sticking to the treetops at night kinkajous have very few potential predators, and this frees them from the need move in large groups for protection, as seen in most diurnal primates. Instead, kinkajous live in small social groups that forage for fruits and flowers mostly as singletons, but reunite at large feeding or sleeping trees. Females defend exclusive territories against each other while males form small coalitions to defend larger areas that overlap with multiple females. Fruit comprises 90-99% of their diet, making kinkajous one of the most frugivorous mammals on earth, and an important seed disperser.
Legal Continuity
Authors: Sultany Nimer
Published: January 2018

This chapter critiques the binary dichotomy between the concepts of “continuity” and “rupture” within theoretical conceptualizations of the law. Whereas legal theories such as Kelsen’s emphasize rupture, theories such as Dworkin’s emphasize continuity. These theories fail to account for legal continuity and rupture because the law is neither a gapless system nor a coherent whole. Building on the comparative study of the role of law during revolutions, the chapter shows that a revolution maintains varying levels of legal rupture and continuity with the pre-existing legal order. Building on critical legal theory and social theory, it argues that the relation between revolution and legality cannot be represented systematically because law—whether prior to or after the revolution—is incoherent and thus generates a plurality of voices.
Popular Sovereignty
Authors: Sultany Nimer
Published: January 2018

This chapter argues that the “rule of law” is saturated with conflicting notions of the social order. In particular, judicial deployments of rival visions of the community within the concept of “popular sovereignty” (liberal and republican) exposes law’s incoherence. It argues that the coexistence of these two opposing views of the community further undermines the image of a binary opposition between legal continuity and revolutionary rupture. It traces these transformations of popular sovereignty through examining a variety of Tunisian and Egyptian rulings that relate to the political rights of former regime officials and the banning of political parties and associations. This exposition of popular sovereignty discloses a dialectical concept that is internally contradictory, the contradiction of which is momentarily resolved through its legal transformations.
Reformist Constitution-making
Authors: Sultany Nimer
Published: January 2018

This chapter argues that post-Arab Spring constitution-making in Morocco, Jordan, Bahrain, Oman, and Algeria utilized constitutional change to avert the establishment of a new order. It argues that despite formal change at the constitutional level, constitutional amendments in these states maintained procedural and substantive continuities with pre-Arab Spring political and constitutional arrangements and were no less wanting. In particular, reformist constitution-making does not embody popular sovereignty and does not significantly improve the accountability of monarchs and rulers, nor provide effective institutional enforcement for rights. Finally, despite the dissimilar form of constitutional change, reformist constitution-making differs from revolutionary constitution-making in degree rather than kind. They both face legitimation challenges, are preoccupied with stability, have varying degrees of normative power, and, finally, both models of constitutional change maintained different degrees of continuity with the pre-existing constitutional order. Thus, neither revolutionary constitutional enactment nor reformist constitutional amendments secure the legitimacy of the regime.
The Conditions of Poetic Immortality
Authors: Whitlatch Lisa
Published: January 2018

This chapter focuses on Grattius’ praise of the mercurial figure of Hagnon in the central portion of the extant poem and argues that Grattius takes us on an intertextual journey back through Virgil’s Eclogues (the figure of Menalcas) to Lucretius (the figure of Epicurus), and ultimately to Theocritus (the figure of Daphnis), in an effort to secure for hunting positive associations that are absent from the Roman forebears. By means of such intertextual dialogue, as well as pointed use of the language of dowries, Grattius subtly promotes the notion that hunting is an eternal symbiotic relationship between man, god, and nature, which ensures its sustainability.
Quantum Statistical Field Theory
Authors: Horing Norman J. Morgenstern
Published: January 2018

The methods of coupled quantum field theory, which had great initial success in relativistic elementary particle physics and have subsequently played a major role in the extensive development of non-relativistic quantum many-particle theory and condensed matter physics, are at the core of this book. As an introduction to the subject, this presentation is intended to facilitate delivery of the material in an easily digestible form to students at a relatively early stage of their scientific development, specifically advanced undergraduates (rather than second or third year graduate students), who are mathematically strong physics majors. The mechanism to accomplish this is the early introduction of variational calculus with particle sources and the Schwinger Action Principle, accompanied by Green’s functions, and, in addition, a brief derivation of quantum mechanical ensemble theory introducing statistical thermodynamics. Important achievements of the theory in condensed matter and quantum statistical physics are reviewed in detail to help develop research capability. These include the derivation of coupled field Green’s function equations of motion for a model electron-hole-phonon system, extensive discussions of retarded, thermodynamic and non-equilibrium Green’s functions, and their associated spectral representations and approximation procedures. Phenomenology emerging in these discussions includes quantum plasma dynamic, nonlocal screening, plasmons, polaritons, linear electromagnetic response, excitons, polarons, phonons, magnetic Landau quantization, van der Waals interactions, chemisorption, etc. Considerable attention is also given to low-dimensional and nanostructured systems, including quantum wells, wires, dots and superlattices, as well as materials having exceptional conduction properties such as superconductors, superfluids and graphene.
Paradoxes of Time Travel
Authors: Wasserman Ryan
Published: January 2018

Paradoxes of Time Travel is a comprehensive study of the philosophical issues raised by the possibility of time travel. The book begins, in Chapter 1, by explaining the concept of time travel and clarifying the central question to be addressed: Is time travel compatible with the laws of metaphysics and, in particular, the laws concerning time, freedom, causation, and identity? Chapter 2 then explores the various temporal paradoxes, including the double-occupancy problem, the no-destination argument, and the famous twin paradox of special relativity. Chapters 3 and 4 focus on the paradoxes of freedom, including various versions of the grandfather paradox. Chapter 5 covers causal paradoxes, including the bootstrapping paradox, the problems of backward causation, and the various puzzles raised by causal loops. Chapter 6 then concludes by looking at various paradoxes of identity. This includes a discussion of different theories of change and persistence, and an exploration of the various puzzles raised by self-visitation.
Paradoxes of Freedom II
Authors: Wasserman Ryan
Published: January 2018

Chapter 4 examines David Lewis’s contextualist solution to the grandfather paradox. Section 1 introduces the basic elements of Lewis’s view and explains how they are supposed to help solve the various paradoxes of freedom. Section 2 examines a famous objection to Lewis’s view that is put forward by Kadri Vihvelin. Section 3 addresses a very different kind of worry, due to Paul Horwich. (According to Horwich, grandfather-style paradoxes do not show that time travel is impossible, but they do give us reason to think it is unlikely.) Section 4 then concludes by surveying various “mechanical” paradoxes in which self-defeating acts seem to arise without any operation of free will.
Introduction
Authors: De Vries Catherine E.
Published: January 2018

Obsessed with the idea of instant and total integration, we failed to notice that ordinary people, the citizens of Europe do not share our Euro-enthusiasm. Disillusioned with the great visions of the future, they demand that we cope with the present reality better than we have been doing until now....
Brexit and Beyond
Authors: De Vries Catherine E.
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines the vote choices of the four types of support and scepticism in the Brexit referendum and voting intentions in referendums on EU membership in the other member states. Exit scepticism is shown to coincide with Brexit support and support for leaving the EU in other member states. Loyal support is most strongly associated with support for remaining in the EU; regime and policy scepticism are also linked to support for staying but to a slightly lesser extent. The chapter demonstrates that an intention to vote remain in a membership referendum increased post-Brexit in the remaining twenty-seven member states. Although it is difficult to make any causal claims, this result suggests that as the prospect of the alternative state, one’s country being outside the EU, becomes a reality and the possible costs associated with leaving manifest themselves, the benefits of EU membership seem higher.
Conclusion
Authors: De Vries Catherine E.
Published: January 2018

This chapter summarizes the key findings of the book and outlines some of the key dilemmas that European and national elites face when addressing the rise in public Euroscepticism. The book has demonstrated that European public opinion can no longer be characterized by a permissive consensus, but rather is highly responsive and deeply divided. The responsive nature of public opinion provides elites with a crucial impetus to craft policies and reforms that reflect what the people want. Yet, the divided nature of public opinion suggests that a one-size-fits-all response to Eurosceptic sentiment will not work. How can the EU move forward? Although no blueprint for reform exists, this chapter suggests that muddling through or federalizing the Union is not the way to address Euroscepticism. Rather the best way forward for the EU is to champion its diversity as a strength rather than a weakness and to develop into a more flexible Union.
Shakespeare Afoot
Authors: Kerrigan John
Published: January 2018

That Shakespeare adds a limp to the received characterization of Richard III is only the most conspicuous instance of his interest in how actors walked, ran, danced, and wandered. His attention to actors’ footwork, as an originating condition of performance, can be traced from Richard III through A Midsummer Night’s Dream and As You Like It into Macbeth, which is preoccupied with the topic and activity all the way to the protagonist’s melancholy conclusion that ‘Life’s but a walking shadow, a poor player | That struts and frets his hour upon the stage’. Drawing on classical and early modern accounts of how people walk and should walk, on ideas about time and prosody, and the experience of disability, this chapter cites episodes in the history of performance to show how actors, including Alleyn, Garrick, and Olivier, have worked with the opportunities to dramatize footwork that are provided by Shakespeare’s plays.
Status of the category ‘mixed language’
Authors: Gillon Carrie , Rosen Nicole
Published: January 2018

This chapter highlights the fact Michif can be described straightforwardly within a generative framework. While it has some features that are the result of contact of two very different systems (two mass/count systems, two plurals, two gender systems), the language behaves nevertheless like other Algonquian languages. Michif has slotted much of the French vocabulary into Plains Cree grammar, with surprisingly few extra French features. Structurally, then, there is no need to posit an entirely new category of ‘mixed’ languages. This chapter also compares discussion on creoles by scholars such as DeGraff (2000, 2003, 2005) and Mufwene (1986, 2001, 2008, 2015) to our discussion of Michif. The terms ‘mixed language’ and ‘creole’ may tell us about the historical genesis of a language, but neither term describes the linguistic behaviour of the languages, and both make ‘exceptionalist’ predictions that are unnecessary and unwarranted.
Spiritual and ethical aspects of advance care planning
Authors: Watson Max , Thomas Mark
Published: January 2018

This chapter describes linking spirituality and Advanced Care Planning (ACP); fear and ACP; how thinking about death changes people; religious views of ACP; denial and ACP; personal control and ACP; ethical principles and ACP; the spiritual work of ACP, including objective asessment; adaptation and ACP; and ritual, sacrament, and ACP. The discussion holds that dying is not primarily a medical event. The process of thinking about end-of-life issues can significantly impact on an individual’s attitudes, values, and belief systems. Dying patients can challenge the cultural illusion that life is going to last forever. This can be hard for families and professionals to accept and challenges their own fears around mortality. The importance and wisdom of religious rituals and religious symbolism cannot be ignored even in the most secular of contexts as they bring comfort to many. ACP is about life before death and can foster resilience and hope.
Experience of use of advance care planning in care homes
Authors: Stobbart-Rowlands Maggie , Thorn Mandy
Published: January 2018

This chapter describes the care home setting, aspects that have an impact on use of Advance care planning (ACP) in care homes, examples of challenges and best practice, use of ACP in the GSF Care Homes Training Programme, ACP with people with dementia, and culture change. Many people in care homes are in the last year/s of life, and ACP discussions are especially important for them to ensure that the care they receive is in line with what they want. Care homes lead the way in their extensive use of ACP discussions. ACP is more routinely used by care home staff than is often recognized, and can be easier to introduce in care homes than in other settings. Key challenges include poor means of communication due to dementia/cognitive impairment or physical deterioration, and how staff address the expectations of families, and ensure any interventions are in the best interests of the person.
Advance care planning in hospices and palliative care
Authors: Russell Sarah , Noble Simon
Published: January 2018

This chapter includes an overview of the role of the hospice and palliative care approach in advance care planning (ACP). Evidence, issues, challenges, and opportunities are discussed. The challenge of overlapping definitions and consensus about the hospice, palliative care, and advance care planning is highlighted as well as the changing role of the hospice and palliative care and implications for ACP is explored. New types of conversations are discussed e.g. living with dying, managing uncertainty, expectations, ceilings of treatment, investigations and dying in hospices. The way forward such as collaboration, co-ordination, and partnerships with other providers as well as a consistency of approach (within settings, roles, or person to person) is suggested.
Advance care planning in hospitals
Authors: Marlow Clare , Groves Karen , Fade Premila
Published: January 2018

This chapter outlines the challenges and opportunities surrounding advance care planning (ACP) within the hospital setting. Although the hospital environment may not seem the obvious place for future care planning, the triggers to these conversations may occur during a hospital admission. Around a third of all patients in general hospitals are likely to be in the last year of life and nearly 90% of people who die are hospitalized in the last year of life. ACP can help improve end-of-life care in hospital, with the potential to improve communication, increase quality of life and well-being of patients and those important to them, reduce use of futile and often unwanted treatments and unnecessary hospitalizations, and improve patient and family satisfaction with hospital care. Recognition that someone is in the last year of life, good communication skills, and a clear process for documentation and dissemination are key to successful ACP in hospitals.
Advance care planning in Australia
Authors: Detering Karen , Clayton Josephine
Published: January 2018

For some time, there have been significant efforts in Australia aimed at increasing the uptake of advance care planning (ACP) by the population, health care and aged care workers, and health and care systems. This has included the development of a national framework for advance care directives, a national palliative care framework, and some funding to support implementation projects and evaluation of these. Programmes have occurred in hospitals, primary care, aged care services, and in the community. There has also been a focus on education of staff across these settings. Despite this, prevalence of ACP and advance care directives remains low. There remains lack of national legislation regarding advance care directives, and poor understanding of ACP amongst the population and professionals. Much of the early implementation has focused on staff training in facilitating ACP discussion. More recently newer models of ACP implementation are occurring.