bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ketamine treatment for depression: qualitative study exploring patient views
Authors: Jilka Sagar , Odoi Clarissa Mary , Wilson Emma , Meran Sazan , Simblett Sara , Wykes Til
Published: January 2021

Background

Ketamine is a new and promising treatment for depression but comes with challenges to implement because of its potential for abuse.

Aims

We sought the views of patients to inform policy and practical decisions about the clinical use of ketamine before large-scale roll-out is considered.

Method

This qualitative study used three focus groups and three validation sessions from 14 patients with prior diagnoses of depression but no experience of ketamine treatment. Focus groups explored their views about clinical use of ketamine and the best way for ketamine to be administered and monitored. The qualitative data were analysed by three service-user researchers using thematic analysis.

Results

Five themes were generated: changing public perceptions, risks, monitoring, privacy and data protection, and practical aspects. Participants were conscious of the stigma attached to ketamine as a street drug and wanted better public education, and evidence on the safety of ketamine after long-term use. They felt that monitoring was required to provide evidence for ketamine's safe use and administration, but there were concerns about the misuse of this information. Practical aspects included discussions about treatment duration, administration and accessibility (for example who would receive it, under what criteria and how).

Conclusions

Patients are enthusiastic about ketamine treatment but need more information before national roll-out. The wider societal impact of ketamine treatment also needs to be considered and patients need to be part of any future roll-out to ensure its success.
Quality of Histopathological Reporting in Breast Cancer: Results From Four South African Breast Units
Authors: Toma Armand , O’Neil Daniel , Joffe Maureen , Ayeni Oluwatosin , Nel Carolina , van den Berg Eunice , Nayler Simon , Cubasch Herbert , Phakathi Boitumelo , Buccimazza Ines , Čačala Sharon , Ruff Paul , Norris Shane , Nietz Sarah
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE

High-quality histopathology reporting forms the basis for treatment decisions. The quality indicator for pathology reports from the European Society of Breast Cancer Specialists was applied to a cohort from four South African breast units.

METHODS

The study included 1,850 patients with invasive breast cancer and evaluated 1,850 core biopsies and 1,158 surgical specimen reports with cross-center comparisons. A core biopsy report required histologic type; tumor grade; and estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, with a confirmatory test for equivocal HER2 results. Ki-67 was regarded as optional. Pathologic stage, tumor size, lymphovascular invasion, and distance to nearest invasive margin were mandatory for surgical specimens. Specimen turnaround time (TAT) was added as a locally relevant indicator.

RESULTS

Seventy-five percent of core biopsy and 74.3% of surgical specimen reports were complete but showed large variability across study sites. The most common reason for an incomplete core biopsy report was missing tumor grade (17.9%). Half of the equivocal HER2 results lacked confirmatory testing (50.6%). Ki-67 was reported in 89.3%. For surgical specimens, the closest surgical margin was reported in 78.1% and lymphovascular invasion in 84.8% of patients. Mean TAT was 11.9 days (standard deviation [SD], 10.8 days) for core biopsies and 16.1 days (SD, 11.3) for surgical specimens.

CONCLUSION

Histopathology reporting is at a high level but can be improved, especially for tumor grade, HER2, and Ki-67, as is reporting of margins and lymphovascular invasion. A South African pathology consensus will reduce variability among laboratories. Routine use of standardized data sheets with synoptic reports and ongoing audits will improve completeness of reports over time.
Epidemiological Analyses Reveal a High Incidence of Breast Cancer in Young Women in Brazil
Authors: Orlandini Leonardo Fleury , Antonio Maria Vitória do Nascimento , Espreafico Jr Claiver Renato , Bosquesi Priscila Longhin , Poli-Neto Omero Benedito , de Andrade Jurandyr Moreira , dos Reis Francisco José Cândido , Tiezzi Daniel Guimarães
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE

Breast cancer screening is not recommended for young women (< 40 years old); therefore, those diagnosed are more likely to have advanced and metastatic disease, reducing treatment outcomes. This study aimed to investigate breast cancer epidemiology among young women in Brazil.

METHODS

Data from three publicly available databases and a cohort from a university hospital in Brazil were analyzed in a retrospective study. Descriptive statistics was performed on disease prevalence and stage distribution across age groups. Incidence was estimated using age-standardized incidence ratio. The impact of age in disease-specific survival was also analyzed.

RESULTS

Invasive breast cancer prevalence data by age group revealed that 4.4% and 20.6% of patients were < 35 and < 45 years old, respectively. In the United States, this prevalence was 1.85% and 11.5%, respectively (odds ratio [OR], 2.2; P < .0001). The percentage of regional and metastatic diseases were higher in São Paulo State (Fundação Oncocentro de São Paulo [FOSP]) compared with the United States (45% and 9.8% v 29% and 5.7%, respectively; P < .0001). In FOSP, regional and metastatic disease prevalence were higher among young patients (53.5% and 11.3%, respectively). The median tumor size in patients < 40 years old was higher (25.0 mm × 20.9 mm; P < .0001), and young patients have higher risk to be diagnosed with positive lymph nodes (OR, 1.5; P = .004) and higher proportion of luminal-B and triple-negative (TNBC) tumors. Young patients have a poor disease-specific survival because of late-stage diagnosis and more aggressive breast cancer subtypes (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–enriched and TNBC) ( P < .0001).

CONCLUSION

In Brazil, breast cancer prevalence among young patients and late-stage incidence during this age span is higher. Advanced disease and more aggressive subtypes lead to a significant impact on breast cancer-specific survival in young patients.
Determinants of COVID-19 Mortality in Patients With Cancer From a Community Oncology Practice in Brazil
Authors: Ferrari Bruno L. , Ferreira Carlos Gil , Menezes Márcia , De Marchi Pedro , Canedo Jorge , Melo Andréia Cristina de , Jácome Alexandre A. , Reinert Tomás , Paes Rafael Duarte , Sodré Bárbara , Barrios Carlos H. , Dienstmann Rodrigo
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE

The COVID-19 pandemic remains a public health emergency of global concern. Determinants of mortality in the general population are now clear, but specific data on patients with cancer remain limited, particularly in Latin America.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A longitudinal multicenter cohort study of patients with cancer and confirmed COVID-19 from Oncoclínicas community oncology practice in Brazil was conducted. The primary end point was all-cause mortality after isolation of the SARS-CoV-2 by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) in patients initially diagnosed in an outpatient environment. We performed univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis and recursive partitioning modeling to define the baseline clinical determinants of death in the overall population.

RESULTS

From March 29 to July 4, 2020, 198 patients with COVID-19 were prospectively registered in the database, of which 167 (84%) had solid tumors and 31 (16%) had hematologic malignancies. Most patients were on active systemic therapy or radiotherapy (77%), largely for advanced or metastatic disease (64%). The overall mortality rate was 16.7% (95% CI, 11.9 to 22.7). In univariate models, factors associated with death after COVID-19 diagnosis were age ≥ 60 years, current or former smoking, coexisting comorbidities, respiratory tract cancer, and management in a noncurative setting ( P < .05). In multivariable logistic regression and recursive partitioning modeling, only age, smoking history, and noncurative disease setting remained significant determinants of mortality, ranging from 1% in cancer survivors under surveillance or (neo)adjuvant therapy to 60% in elderly smokers with advanced or metastatic disease.

CONCLUSION

Mortality after COVID-19 in patients with cancer is influenced by prognostic factors that also affect outcomes of the general population. Fragile patients and smokers are entitled to active preventive measures to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and close monitoring in the case of exposure or COVID-19-related symptoms.
Low Survival in Poor Prognosis Metastatic Germ Cell Cancer in Belarus
Authors: Rolevich Alexander I. , Borodin Denis M. , Rabcheuski Anton N. , Ivanitskaya Tatsiana A. , Semenov Sviataslau A. , Artsiushkevich Liudmila V. , Sukalinskaya Alena V. , Zhavrid Edvard A. , Krasny Sergei A. , Konoplya Natalia E. , Polyakov Sergey L.
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE

Since the development of the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) risk classification in a 1997 study, high-income countries have reported a significant increase in survival for poor prognosis patients. There are scant data on IGCCCG risk-stratified survival from low- and middle-income countries. We assessed the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates in a contemporary cohort of Belarusian patients with advanced germ cell cancer (GCC) stratified by the IGCCCG prognostic classification and analyzed prognostic factors for survival.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The consecutive cohort of patients with clinical stage IIb-III testicular GCC or extragonadal germ cell tumors who received treatment or consultation in our two centers between 2010 and 2015 was included. All patients underwent primary chemotherapy. The patients were divided into seminoma and nonseminomatous germ cell carcinoma (NSGCC) subgroups. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate 5-year PFS and OS.

RESULTS

This study included 111 patients with a median age of 32 years, 95% of whom were diagnosed with testicular cancer. Seminoma and NSGCC were identified in 32 (29%) and 79 (71%) patients, respectively. The median follow-up was 6.1 years. The 5-year PFS and OS rates for the entire cohort were 70% and 77%, respectively. In patients with good prognosis seminoma and good, intermediate, and poor prognosis NSGCC, the estimated PFS rates were 76%, 88%, 74%, and 39% and those for OS were 83%, 97%, 83%, and 38%, respectively.

CONCLUSION

In our cohort of Belarusian patients with advanced germ cell tumors, we failed to demonstrate an improvement in PFS and OS compared with the 1997 IGCCCG study. Moreover, survival in poor prognosis group is inferior to that in IGCCCG and all contemporary series from high-income countries.
Restricted Mouth Opening in Head and Neck Cancer: Etiology, Prevention, and Treatment
Authors: Abboud Waseem A. , Hassin-Baer Sharon , Alon Eran E. , Gluck Iris , Dobriyan Alex , Amit Uri , Yahalom Ran , Yarom Noam
Published: January 2021

Restricted mouth opening or trismus is often encountered in patients with head and neck cancer. The restriction may be the presenting sign of malignancy, a sequela of tumor site or growth, an adverse effect of oncologic treatment, or a first sign of tumoral recurrence. In general, any insult to the temporomandibular joint, masticatory muscles, or their neural innervation may cause limitation in mouth opening. The etiologies leading to trismus are as follows: myospasm secondary to tumor infiltration; reflectory myospasm; radiation-induced myositis and myofibrosis; temporomandibular joint involvement with tumor; unfavorable postsurgical scarring; muscle and joint atrophy secondary to immobilization; pain; jaw fracture and hardware failure; and infection. Preventive measures should be implemented before, during, and after treatment. These measures include identification of high-risk patients, utilization of dose-sculpting radiation techniques whenever possible, performing reconstruction at the same time of resective surgery whenever feasible, and initiating mobilization exercises as early as possible. When trismus develops, treatments are often challenging and disappointing. These include physical therapy, mouth opening appliances, drug therapy, and release surgery. All medical specialties dealing with head and neck cancer should be familiar with the diagnosis and prevention of trismus and make an effort to ensure patients are referred to the appropriate care when needed. Trismus should not be considered a trivial sequela of head and neck cancer.
Molecular Profiling-Based Assignment of Cancer Therapy (NCI-MPACT): A Randomized Multicenter Phase II Trial
Authors: Chen Alice P. , Kummar Shivaani , Moore Nancy , Rubinstein Lawrence V. , Zhao Yingdong , Williams P. Mickey , Palmisano Alida , Sims David , O'Sullivan Coyne Geraldine , Rosenberger Christina L. , Simpson Mel , Raghav Kanwal P. S. , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Leong Stephen , Waqar Saiama , Foster Jared C. , Konaté Mariam M. , Das Biswajit , Karlovich Chris , Lih Chih-Jian , Polley Eric , Simon Richard , Li Ming-Chung , Piekarz Richard , Doroshow James H.
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE

This trial assessed the utility of applying tumor DNA sequencing to treatment selection for patients with advanced, refractory cancer and somatic mutations in one of four signaling pathways by comparing the efficacy of four study regimens that were either matched to the patient's aberrant pathway (experimental arm) or not matched to that pathway (control arm).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Adult patients with an actionable mutation of interest were randomly assigned 2:1 to receive either (1) a study regimen identified to target the aberrant pathway found in their tumor (veliparib with temozolomide or adavosertib with carboplatin [DNA repair pathway], everolimus [PI3K pathway], or trametinib [RAS/RAF/MEK pathway]), or (2) one of the same four regimens, but chosen from among those not targeting that pathway.

RESULTS

Among 49 patients treated in the experimental arm, the objective response rate was 2% (95% CI, 0% to 10.9%). One of 20 patients (5%) in the experimental trametinib cohort had a partial response. There were no responses in the other cohorts. Although patients and physicians were blinded to the sequencing and random assignment results, a higher pretreatment dropout rate was observed in the control arm (22%) compared with the experimental arm (6%; P = .038), suggesting that some patients may have had prior tumor mutation profiling performed that led to a lack of participation in the control arm.

CONCLUSION

Further investigation, better annotation of predictive biomarkers, and the development of more effective agents are necessary to inform treatment decisions in an era of precision cancer medicine. Increasing prevalence of tumor mutation profiling and preference for targeted therapy make it difficult to use a randomized phase II design to evaluate targeted therapy efficacy in an advanced disease setting.
Analysis of why sea turtles swim slowly: a metabolic and mechanical approach
Authors: Kinoshita Chihiro , Fukuoka Takuya , Narazaki Tomoko , Niizuma Yasuaki , Sato Katsufumi
Published: January 2021

Animals with high resting metabolic rates and low drag coefficients typically have fast optimal swim speeds in order to minimise energy costs per unit travel distance. The cruising swim speeds of sea turtles (0.5–0.6 m s−1) are slower than those of seabirds and marine mammals (1–2 m s−1). This study measured the resting metabolic rates and drag coefficients of sea turtles to answer two questions: (1) do turtles swim at the optimal swim speed?; and (2) what factors control the optimal swim speed of turtles? The resting metabolic rates of 13 loggerhead and 12 green turtles were measured; then, the cruising swim speeds of 15 loggerhead and 9 green turtles were measured and their drag coefficients were estimated under natural conditions. The measured cruising swim speeds (0.27–0.50 m s−1) agreed with predicted optimal swim speeds (0.19–0.32 m s−1). The resting metabolic rates of turtles were approximately one-twentieth those of penguins, and the products of the drag coefficient and frontal area of turtles were 8.6 times higher than those of penguins. Therefore, our results suggest that both low resting metabolic rate and high drag coefficient of turtles determine their slow cruising speed.
Multisensory integration supports configural learning of a home refuge in the whip spiderPhrynus marginemaculatus
Authors: Flanigan Kaylyn A. S. , Wiegmann Daniel D. , Hebets Eileen A. , Bingman Verner P.
Published: January 2021

Whip spiders (Amblypygi) reside in structurally complex habitats and are nocturnally active yet display notable navigational abilities. From the theory that uncertainty in sensory inputs should promote multisensory representations to guide behavior, we hypothesized that their navigation is supported by a multisensory and perhaps configural representation of navigational inputs, an ability documented in a few insects and never reported in arachnids. We trained Phrynus marginemaculatus to recognize a home shelter characterized by both discriminative olfactory and tactile stimuli. In tests, subjects readily discriminated between shelters based on the paired stimuli. However, subjects failed to recognize the shelter in tests with either of the component stimuli alone. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that the terminal phase of their navigational behavior, shelter recognition, can be supported by the integration of multisensory stimuli as an enduring, configural representation. We hypothesize that multisensory learning occurs in the whip spiders' extraordinarily large mushroom bodies, which may functionally resemble the hippocampus of vertebrates.
The Effect of Viscosity on the Coupling and Hydrogen-Abstraction Reaction between Transient and Persistent Radicals?
Authors: Li Xiaopei , Kato Tatsuhisa , Nakamura Yasuyuki , Yamago Shigeru
Published: January 2021

The effect of viscosity on the radical termination reaction between a transient radical and a persistent radical undergoing a coupling reaction (Coup) or hydrogen abstraction (Abst) was examined. In a non-viscous solvent, such as benzene (bulk viscosity ηbulk < 1 mPa s), all the transient radicals studied exclusively coupled with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) with >99% Coup/Abst selectivity, but Coup/Abst decreased as the viscosity increased (89/11 in PEG400 at 25 °C [ηbulk = 84 mPa s]). While bulk viscosity is a good parameter to predict the Coup/Abst selectivity in each solvent, microviscosity is the more general parameter. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-end radicals had a more significant viscosity effect than polystyrene (PSt)-end radicals, and the Coup/Abst ratio of the former dropped to 50/50 in highly viscous media (ηbulk = 3980 mPa s), while the latter maintained high Coup/Abst selectivity (84/16). These results, together with the low thermal stability of dormant PMMA-TEMPO species compared with that of PSt-TEMPO species, are attributed to the limitation of the nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization of MMA. While both organotellurium and bromine compounds were used as precursors of radicals, the former was superior to the latter for the clean generation of radical species.
Total Synthesis of Talatisamine: Exploration of Convergent Synthetic Strategies
Authors: Shimakawa Tsukasa , Hagiwara Koichi , Inoue Masayuki
Published: January 2021

Talatisamine (1) is a highly oxygenated C19-diterpenoid alkaloid with K+ channel inhibitory, antiarrhythmic, and neuroprotective activities. Its intricately fused 6/7/5/6/6/5-membered hexacyclic structure (ABCDEF-ring) possesses one nitrogen functionality, five oxygen functionalities, and 12 contiguously aligned stereocenters. This account describes the development of convergent strategies to efficiently assemble this synthetically challenging natural product. First, we explored two radical-based strategies. Treatment of the AE-ring with Et3B and O2 generated a highly reactive C11-bridgehead radical, which sequentially added to the C-ring and the aldehyde via a radical-polar crossover mechanism to afford ACE-ring substructure 6 in a single step. Alternatively, after coupling of the AE-ring and C-ring, the C11-bridgehead radical was utilized to cyclize the central 7-membered B-ring. The 6-membered D-ring was then forged by selenium-induced 6-endo cyclization to furnish ABCDE-ring 3. Second, we pursued a skeletal rearrangement strategy, which culminated in the total synthesis of 1. The D-ring was coupled with the AE-ring as the aromatic ring. Oxidative dearomatization, followed by Diels-Alder reaction, led to the 6/6-membered ring system, which was transformed into the 7/5-membered BC-ring through a stereospecific Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement. Finally, Hg(OAc)2 induced an oxidative aza-Prins cyclization to form the remaining 5-membered F-ring, thereby completing the chemical construction of 1.
Research Progress on Improvement of Conductivity of MOFs and Their Application in Bionsensors: A Review
Authors: Shao Bin , Chen Hongshuo , Cui Chuanjin , Li Jing , Gonge Ruikun
Published: January 2021

Metal organic framework materials (MOFs) have a drawback that limits their wider application: poor electrical conductivity. In this paper, some research advances in improving the conductivity of MOFs in recent years are reviewed. They are divided into two categories: intrinsic improvement of conductivity and extrinsic improvement of conductivity. The application of MOFs with improved electrical conductivity in the construction of biosensors is shown. Finally, research trends of improving the conductivity of MOFs and their applications in biosensors are summarized, and promising directions such as the comprehensive application of multiple strategies and the space-oriented assembly of MOFs are proposed.
Tuning of Lewis Acidity of Phebox-Al Complexes by Substituents on the Benzene Backbone and Unexpected Photocatalytic Activity for Hydrodebromination of Aryl Bromide
Authors: Nakao Shuichi , Nishimoto Yoshihiro , Yasuda Makoto
Published: January 2021

We revealed the effects of the substituents in ligands on properties of Phebox-aluminum complexes. The substituents at the 4-position of Phebox ligands effectively influenced the Lewis acidity via the conjugation between the vacant orbital on the Al atom and π* orbital of the benzene ring, which is supported by DFT calculation. The catalytic activity was also tuned, and a series of substituted Phebox-Al(ClO4)2 effectively catalyzed hydroboration of benzaldehyde. In addition, an unexpected photocatalytic activity of Phebox-Al complexes was found and applied to the hydrodebromination of a 4-bromo benzoic ester.
ASSESSORAMENTO SECRETARIAL ASSOCIADO À GESTÃO DA INFORMAÇÃO NO PROCESSO DE AVALIAÇÃO DA CAPES
Authors: Snoeijer Enio , Moreira Kátia Denise , Martins Cibele Barsalini , Rodrigues Luci Mari Aparecida
Published: January 2021

Os Programas de Pós-Graduação têm ampliado sua relevância na contribuição ao desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico do Brasil. Nessa direção, o reconhecimento e/ou a manutenção de um Programa de Pós-Graduação é submetido ao processo de avaliação da CAPES, que demanda uma série de informações, as quais necessitam ser efetivamente gerenciadas. Diante disso, objetiva-se verificar como o assessoramento secretarial, associado à gestão da informação, pode colaborar no processo de avaliação da CAPES, no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Automação e Sistemas (PPGEAS). Para tanto,  utilizaram-se a abordagem qualitativa, por intermédio de um estudo de campo, as pesquisas bibliográfica, documental e a observação participante. Os resultados demonstraram contribuição do assessoramento, alinhado à gestão de informações no PPGEAS, principalmente, àquelas relacionadas às atividades que compõem os indicadores do Sistema de Avaliação da CAPES. Concluiu-se haver possibilidade para uma concreta atuação do secretário executivo, fundamentalmente, nos períodos transitórios da equipe da coordenação, quando o gerenciamento contínuo das informações necessita de suporte qualificado.
The network structure of depressive symptomatology in Peruvian adults with arterial hypertension
Authors: Ramos-Vera Cristian , Banos-Chaparro Jonatan , Ogundokun Roseline Oluwaseun
Published: January 2021

Background: Global arterial hypertension (HTA) has increased by 90% over the last four decades, and has increased by 1.6% in Peru over the previous four years. This study involved a network analysis of depressive symptomatology in Peruvian patients with HTA using network estimation.

Method: A representative cross-sectional study at the national level, using secondary data from 2019 Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) was performed. The sample used included men and women of age over 17 years diagnosed with HTA and were able to respond to Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).

Results: The symptoms of depressive mood (bridging force and centrality) and energy fatigue or loss (bridge centrality) play an essential role in the network structure, as does the feeling of uselessness in terms of closeness and intermediation.

Conclusion: The study highlighted the symptoms related to depressive mood and energy fatigue or loss as bridging symptoms, which could trigger a depressive episode in patients diagnosed with HTA.
Current market rates for scholarly publishing services
Authors: Grossmann Alexander , Brembs Björn
Published: January 2021

For decades, the supra-inflation increase of subscription prices for scholarly journals has concerned scholarly institutions. After years of fruitless efforts to solve this “serials crisis”, open access has been proposed as the latest potential solution. However, the prices for open access publishing are also high and are rising well beyond inflation. What has been missing from the public discussion so far is a quantitative approach to determine the actual costs of efficiently publishing a scholarly article using state-of-the-art technologies, such that informed decisions can be made as to appropriate price levels. Here we provide a granular, step-by-step calculation of the costs associated with publishing primary research articles, from submission, through peer-review, to publication, indexing and archiving. We find that these costs range from less than US$200 per article in modern, large-scale publishing platforms using post-publication peer-review, to about US$1,000 per article in prestigious journals with rejection rates exceeding 90%. The publication costs for a representative scholarly article today come to lie at around US$400. We discuss the additional non-publication items that make up the difference between publication costs and final price.
Organizational Culture of Russian Companies: State, Problems and Features of Transformation
Authors: Svistunov Vasiliy , Lobachyev Vitaliy , Kuzina G.
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this article is to establish the relation between the level of employee’s satisfaction and the achieved digitalization level of the company. At the same time, job satisfaction is considered as an important factor in the formation and development of corporate culture. The authors analyze a problem of decreasing the level of job satisfaction in the context of internal organizational changes occurring in the company as part of its digital transformation. The problem is that the creative component and motivational attitudes of employees decrease with the increasing use of modern information technology tools. In the context of digitalization, the development of an effective strategy for interaction between the company's top management and its employees is largely subject to the following chain of criteria: the automation level of business processes – the degree of satisfaction with working conditions by the staff – in the corporate culture of the company.
Study of the Possibility of Using Foreign Experience in the Formation of the Russian Model of Personnel Motivation
Authors: Iskenderov T. , Rzhanova I. , Mitrofanova Elena
Published: January 2021

The article discusses related to both the justification of the Russian model of personnel motivation, taking into account international experience. The urgency of solving this problem in modern Russian conditions has been substantiated. The main goal of the formation of a motivation model for Russian organizations is formulated - ensuring the achievement of the organization's goals by attracting and retaining professionally trained personnel and, above all, through effective, strong and sustainable motivation, formed on the basis of complex incentives, which is the subject of interest for all groups of the organization's personnel. The reasons are disclosed that prevent a change in the traditional approach to personnel motivation in Russian organizations, the main among which are: the adherence of Russian companies to traditional methods of incentives and other organization management technologies, as well as the economic situation in the country and the resulting needs of workers in Russia. The characteristics of the main foreign models of motivation, including Japanese, American, French, English, German and Swedish models, are given. The comparison of these models with the Russian ones is carried out and the prospects for their adaptation and use in the Russian practice of personnel motivation and incentives are substantiated.
Drivers of Engagement: Practices of Russian Companies
Authors: Bragina D. , Molodchik N.
Published: January 2021

The article provides a definition of personnel involvement as the most important factor in the company's successful work, describes three popular models of involvement and their drivers. The reasons why HR specialists should work with employee involvement for the effective operation of the company as a whole are given. Examples of Russian companies that have managed to improve the level of personnel efficiency by working with engagement drivers are given. The conditions under which an organization can start developing measures to increase employee engagement are shown. Recommendations are given for the implementation of successful examples in the work of the company.
Effective Labor Organization «Remote» Employees: From Functional Tasks to Software
Authors: Nagibina N. , Bestuzhev A.
Published: January 2021

In the new realities of the world, including the COVID-19 pandemic, the paradigm of management and work organization in companies is changing. The industrial revolution and digitalization are “threatening” to replace human labor with automation, robotics and artificial intelligence. The cluster of IT companies is actively developing. The management of the companies accepted the challenge of lightning fast transfer of office employees to the remote mode. The study provides recommendations on the use of software to solve functional tasks for managing employees and remote teams. Based on a detailed analysis of the characteristics, practices of companies and price guidelines, a list of software for managing employees on remote employment is formed. The software is presented for functional tasks: discussion of operational tasks using video communications, setting and monitoring long-term tasks, document management and online accounting, quick access to services and data storage. Maintaining a healthy and developing digital corporate culture is key to the success of remote work.
Activities based on yoga techniques in psychiatric treatment in Poland in a historical context
Authors: Żok Agnieszka , Zapała Joanna , Baum Ewa
Published: January 2021

Celem artykułu jest analiza wykorzystania metod związanych z jogą dla ochrony zdrowia psychicznego oraz wspomagania leczenia zaburzeń psychicznych w Polsce. W tekście dominuje pespektywa historyczna, prześledzono dokonania prekursorów wykorzystania technik jogi w promocji zdrowia oraz leczeniu. Współczesne analizy biomedyczne potwierdzają prozdrowotną funkcję jogi, jednak w znacznie mniejszym stopniu odwołują się do aspektów związanych duchowością i jej znaczeniem dla zdrowia psychicznego. Z uwagi na rosnącą świadomość wpływu stylu życia, redukcji stresu oraz znaczenia umiarkowanego wysiłku fizycznego dla zdrowia techniki relaksacyjno-ruchowe mogą stanowić uzupełnienie terapii stosowanych w wielu chorobach psychicznych. Analizowane teksty historyczne potwierdzają pozytywny wpływ ćwiczeń opartych o techniki jogi na zdrowie psychiczne. Badania nad wpływem jogi na psychikę człowieka wymagają pogłębienia, żadna z zaprezentowanych analiz nie wykazała negatywnych skutków ubocznych uzupełnienia standardowych terapii o ćwiczenia oparte o różne formy jogi. Dla zbadania postawionego celu badań zastosowano metodę historyczno- porównawczą oraz analizę dyskursu. Dokonano przeglądu treści związanych z historią jogi w Polsce pod kątem zastosowania ćwiczeń bazujących na technice jogi w psychiatrii. W kolejnych etapach prac osadzono uzyskane treści w kontekście medycznym, kulturowym i historycznym i dokonano krytycznej analizy.
Uma reflexão sobre o discurso de ódio nas redes sociais brasileiras
Authors:   &, de Mello e Marques Naomy Ester , Lacerda Nobre Thalita
Published: January 2021

Este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar as manifestações psíquicas presentes na disseminação do ódio por meio de discursos nas redes sociais, bem como identificar as pulsões que regem este comportamento e descrever os mecanismos de defesas envolvidos, compreendendo a constituição da identidade dos indivíduos e o comportamento em grupo. A metodologia empregada foi a de pesquisa qualitativa de cunho documental, partindo do recorte de uma amostra contendo discursos de ódio publicadas no período de quarentena no ano de 2020, na página do Facebook do Ministério da Saúde. Os públicos alvos desta pesquisa foram indivíduos cadastrados no Facebook, alfabetizados, com escolaridade variada e de ambos os sexos, cuja idade atendesse os critérios para criação de um perfil nesta rede social sendo, portanto, maiores de 14 anos. Estas amostras foram posteriormente analisadas qualitativamente sob uma perspectiva psicanalítica, em que foram encontradas a presença da manifestação do mundo pulsional nas mensagens, assim como a expressão do narcisismo e o uso de mecanismos de defesa como a negação, projeção e racionalização
A influência da tecnologia da informação sobre os relacionamentos amorosos na modernidade líquida
Authors: Lacerda Nobre Thalita , Umbelino Camila Xavier , Onofre Alves Livia
Published: January 2021

O objetivo da pesquisa é estudar a respeito da influência da tecnologia da informação sobre os relacionamentos amorosos presentes na sociedade ocidental atual. Parte-se do pressuposto de que, ao longo dos anos, o conceito de amor, bem como as relações têm se modificado. A metodologia utilizada foi de levantamento bibliográfico em autores da área da psicologia e afins. Buscou-se, a partir da bibliografia levantada, realizar uma discussão sobre o conceito de amor, a formação e desenvolvimento da sociedade, modernidade líquida, a revolução tecnológica, a psicanálise como modo de ligação e compreensão do cenário e as questões pesquisadas. Como resultados, obteve-se que o mal-estar amoroso da atualidade pode decorrer de diversos fatores como: dificuldade do aprofundamento das relações relacionados ao pensamento em rede; excesso de alimentação do narcisismo (dificuldade em tolerar frustração); relação com o tempo alteradas (associadas ao excesso de expectativa de um relacionamento feliz, sem a capacidade de maturação do mesmo) e modelos anteriores considerados fracassados.
Changes in body weight and health behaviors of overweight children during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bergmann Gabriel Gustavo , Cunha Gabriel Barros da , Cunha Gicele de Oliveira Karini da , Cruz Julie Hellen de Barros , Silva Lorena Rodrigues , Ferreira Gustavo Dias , Pinheiro Eraldo dos Santos
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study was to describe the perception of parents of overweight children about the effects of the period of social distancing due to COVID-19 on body weight (BW), level of physical activity (PA), time spent in sedentary behavior (SB) and their children's eating habits and sleep. Parents of 47 overweight children (11.1 ± 1.33 years) were interviewed by telephone. Questions about the perception regarding BW and the four behaviors related to the health of their children during the period of social distancing were asked. The increase in BW was perceived by 61.7% of children and for almost all of them (93.6%) reductions in PA levels were reported, with 72.4% reducing participation in vigorous PA. An increase in time using smartphones, tablets, and microcomputers was observed in 65.9% of children. Favorable changes were noted in relation to quality (34.1%) and daily sleep time (51.1%). Favorable changes in the consumption of fruits (36.2%) and soft drinks (21.2%) and unfavorable changes in the consumption of vegetables (19.1%) and sweets and snacks (26.2%) were also reported. Four and a half months after the start of the social distancing measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic, overweight children increased the BW and changed the levels of PA and SB in an unfavorable way according to their parents. On the other hand, they started sleeping more and with higher quality and consuming more fruits and less soft drinks.
Consumer Search and Purchase: An Empirical Investigation of Retargeting Based on Consumer Online Behaviors
Authors: Jiang Zhenling , Chan Tat , Che Hai , Wang Youwei
Published: January 2021

This paper empirically investigates how marketers can retarget consumers who have searched online but did not purchase, based on their search behaviors.
Categorical Competition in the Wake of Crisis: Banks vs. Credit Unions
Authors: Chatterji Aaron K. , Luo Jiao , Seamans Robert C.
Published: January 2021

We connect two distinct streams of research on categories to study the role of within-category typicality in the context of legitimacy shocks. We argue that, following a legitimacy shock, member organizations of the tainted, focal category suffer equally, irrespective of their typicality. However, only the typical members of the newly favored, oppositional category benefit. Therefore, the effects of legitimacy shocks are asymmetrically influenced by typicality. We argue this pattern is the result of a two-stage process of categorization by audiences, whereby audiences prioritize distinctions between organizations in a newly favored category and spend limited efforts considering distinctions in the tainted, focal category. We examine our theory in the context of the U.S. financial services industry, where four different kinds of organizations engage in competition: traditional commercial banks, community banks, single-bond credit unions, and multibond credit unions. Consistent with our theory, we show that both traditional commercial banks and community banks suffer in terms of deposit market share following the legitimacy shock of the 2007 financial crisis, but the relative gains to credit unions are strongest for single-bond credit unions.
Estudos em Políticas Públicas e a COVID-19: Indicativos de uma agenda de pesquisa
Authors: Gonçalves Brasil Felipe
Published: January 2021

A pandemia causada pela Covid-19, que se prolonga desde os primeiros meses de 2020 ao redor de todo o mundo, marcada por irreparáveis impactos sociais, econômicos, sanitários e humanitários, tem despertado a atenção de acadêmicos que se dedicam a entender e analisar as ideias, escolhas e prioridades dos tomadores de decisão num momento caracterizado pela extrema necessidade de atuação governamental. Seja no seu papel de fonte oficial de informações que orientem e informem a população, seja na atuação direta na elaboração de estratégias de redução do contágio, no estabelecimento de regras de funcionamento de equipamentos públicos e privados, ou na elaboração de políticas que minimizem os efeitos catastróficos da pandemia e garantam a sobrevivência de seu povo, o “estado em ação” vem sendo observado por diferentes lentes teóricas inseridas no interdisciplinar campo das políticas públicas. Este estudo tem o objetivo de apresentar, ainda que brevemente, dois referenciais teóricos e analíticos com grande potencial para apoiar estudos que buscam entender melhor a forma como o processo de políticas públicas pode sofrer importantes alterações em momentos de crise como essa. O primeiro referencial analisado é o dos “efeitos focalizadores” (focusing events), presentes na literatura de policy process e agenda-setting. Outra lente analítica relevante está relacionada com o aprendizado em políticas públicas e a formulação de políticas baseadas em evidência (policy learning and evidence-based policy making). As escolhas por essas três linhas teóricas não têm a intenção de limitar os estudos em políticas públicas, mas de lançar luz a novas abordagens com grande potencial explicativo para novas agendas de pesquisas.
Arte Vida: Itinerários de arte indígena nas cidades contemporâneas
Authors: De Castro Freitas Ana Elisa
Published: January 2021

A presença indígena nas cidades é fenômeno próprio da gênese urbana nas Américas. Paradoxalmente, índio e cidade se apresentam como linhas de fuga que deslizam para direções diametralmente opostas no imaginário urbano colonial, evocando a ideia de corpos fora de lugar. Tal paradoxo tem origem em políticas coloniais-estatais indutoras de regimes de alienação, redução territorial e aldeamento indígena, motivando forças sociais de invisibilização, negação, marginalização e gentrificação, que incidem sistematicamente sobre os modos de vida indígena no urbano. Esse processo é reconfigurado pelas tendências de aceleração, virtualização e globalização das relações sociais nas cidades contemporâneas, exigindo um olhar que possibilite rever a cidade desde as perspectivas das subjetividades e alteridades que nela habitam. Neste artigo, proponho pensar a cidade contemporânea focalizando itinerários de arte indígena instalados e desinstalados cotidianamente por coletividades ameríndias em ruas, praças, florestas e galerias de arte, e seus desdobramentos sociopolíticos e ambientais. Tais instalações evocam ecologias desviantes dos padrões urbanos hegemônicos, marcados pelas retas e ângulos da planificação diretora das cidades, sendo compreendidas como emanações poéticas da vida ameríndia. O foco da análise revela, de um lado, itinerários de fabricação e circulação de formas tridimensionais de cipó trançado, deslocadas das florestas e instaladas nas ruas da cidade de Porto Alegre por coletividades Kaingang e, de outro, a ativação de circuitos de arte indígena contemporânea em cidades como Brasília, São Paulo, Londrina, Curitiba, Porto Alegre, Boa Vista, Belo Horizonte, e seus deslocamentos através de museus, universidades, ruas e redes sociais. Os fluxos de materiais e forças mobilizados pelos itinerários de arte indígena na cidade evocam uma trama rizomática, incidência da vida sobre tendências de redução, territorialização e gentrificação, poética que reivindica o acesso indígena à cidade e amplia o horizonte de possibilidades para o urbano na contemporaneidade.
Interseções - Revista de Estudos Interdisciplinares
Authors: Revista de Estudos Interdisciplinares Interseções
Published: January 2021

Interseções - Revista de Estudos Interdisciplinares
Primeiras páginas
Authors: Páginas Primeiras
Published: January 2021

Primeiras páginas
A influência da metáfora e do chunking na convencionalização de construções com o verbo ‘cortar’
Authors: Christ Aparecida da Penha Krohling , Rocha Lúcia Helena Peyroton da
Published: January 2021

Embasados na concepção de que a linguagem é fundamentada em processos cognitivos, socio-interacionais e culturais, analisamos, numa abordagem construcional, um grupo de sequências de palavras com o verbo cortar seguido de complemento que parecem formar uma única unidade, um chunk independente para fins de processamento e análise, muitas das quais denominadas expressões idiomáticas em abordagens lexicais. Vinculamo-nos ao quadro teórico-metodológico da Linguística Centrada no Uso, tendo como respaldo, entre outros, os estudos funcionalistas e cognitivistas de Lakoff e Johnson (2002), Goldberg (1995, 2006), Traugott e Trousdale (2013), Bybee (2016) e Langacker (1987). Valemo-nos de um corpus com dados de uso efetivo da língua constituído por textos coletados no jornal A Gazeta, que circula no estado do Espírito Santo, no período compreendido entre janeiro e dezembro de 2017. Identificamos a frequência de 50 tokens e de 09 types, que nos permitem refletir sobre a influência do chunking e das projeções metafóricas na convencionalização dessas construções.  Observamos que as construções identificadas no corpus não apresentam o mesmo grau de composicionalidade, o que nos levou a propor um continuum e a estipular critérios de análise que nos auxiliassem no processo de distribuição dessas construções no continuum.
Tipologia de construções mediais em português: uma proposta cognitivo-funcional
Authors: Lima Maria Claudete
Published: January 2021

Este ensaio propõe uma tipologia das construções médias em português, baseada no Modelo Cognitivo Idealizado de Causalidade de Langacker (1991a), chamado “bola de bilhar”, e na noção de transitividade proposta por Hopper e Thompson (1980). Para tanto, discutem-se as características centrais da voz média e analisam-se, quanto à forma de codificação, à expressão da causa, ao tipo de evento, à motivação pragmática e à saliência das entidades, ocorrências retiradas do Corpus do Português NOW (DAVIES; FERREIRA, 2018), que abrange textos escritos do Brasil e de Portugal, de 2012 a 2019. Partindo da noção de construto absoluto de Langacker (1991a), propõe-se uma tipologia das construções médias em português, que se manifestam de forma lexical, sintática e perifrástica. Os resultados sugerem que as construções de voz inseridas no domínio medial são expressões distintas do mesmo construto de não atribuição de causalidade, o qual inclui ainda as construções passivas e impessoais
Apresentação "Funcionalismo e Cognitivismo: o viés cognitivista da gramática funcional"
Authors: Batoréo Hanna Jakubowicz , Oliveira Mariangela Rios de , Aguiar Milena Torres de
Published: January 2021

Texto de apresentação da coletânea, com reflexões teóricas sobre as duas correntes linguísticas e síntese dos 14 textos que compõem a obra.
Personal protective equipment: knowledge of the guidance
Authors: Bhamra Navdeep , Gupta Keshav , Lee Jonathan , Al-Hity Shams , Jolly Karan , Darr Adnan
Published: January 2021

Background:

On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global pandemic in the wake of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. The unpredictable nature of transmission of COVID-19 requires a meticulous understanding of guidance on personal protective equipment (PPE) as published by WHO and Public Health England (PHE).

Aim:

To assess perceived confidence and knowledge of PHE guidance relating to PPE by nursing staff.

Methods:

A nationwide survey was disseminated between May and June 2020 through social media platforms as well as internal mail via regulatory bodies and individual hospital trusts.

Results:

Data were collated from 339 nurses. Perceived confidence as measured on a Likert scale was a mode score of 3/5, with the average score for knowledge-based questions being 5/10. Of the respondents, 47% cited insufficient training on PPE guidance, and 84% advocated further training. Conclusions: Unifying published PPE guidance and ensuring consistency in training can improve awareness, confidence, and knowledge among nursing staff.
Fighting TB in underserved populations: homeless communities
Authors: Thomas David , Barrett Susie
Published: January 2021

David Thomas, TB Nurse Consultant, University Hospitals Dorset, david.thomas@uhd.nhs.uk , was runner-up, along with Susie Barrett in the Infection Control Nurse of the Year category of the BJN Awards 2020
Introducing advanced level practice and the scope of developing new roles
Authors: Hill Barry , Mitchell Aby
Published: January 2021

Barry Hill and Aby Mitchell introduce a new series on advanced level practice. They describe the frameworks that outline advanced practitioner roles and explain how the roles affect patients, services and organisations