bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in spatiotemporal pattern and network characteristics in population migration of China’s cities before and after COVID-19
Authors: Zhang Yaming , Guo Xiaoyu , Su Yanyuan , Koura H Yaya Hamadou , Wang Na , Song Wenjie
Published: October 2023

Population mobility is a key component in promoting the re-agglomeration and dissemination of social and economic factors. Based on Spring Festival data from 2019 to 2023 on Baidu Migration Big Data, this paper analyses the spatiotemporal patterns and structural characteristics of population mobility in cities across China through spatiotemporal statistics and social network analysis and investigates the evolution patterns of Chinese population migration behavior under the influence of COVID-19 epidemic during Spring Festival. The results of the study show that: (1) There are significant temporal and spatial differences in the impact of COVID-19 on population migration, with much stronger shocks on the cities of middle migration scale; (2) Population migration in Chinese cities is robust, and the impact of COVID-19 on population movement and community evolution is mainly manifested in short-term effects, with essentially no residual effects; (3) Between 2020 and 2023, a total of 119 cities experience a transfer of communities (32.25%), of which 69 cities transfer once, 20 cities transfer twice, and 30 cities transfer three times. In addition, it is found that the closeness of urban links based on population movements remains subject to geospatial effects, and the boundaries of “communities” coincide very closely with provincial borders. The results of this study have important theoretical and practical implications for a deeper understanding of the long-term impact of major public health events on changes in the geographical characteristics of population distribution and the structure of population mobility networks.
Using transient grating spectroscopy to better understand lithium electrodeposition
Authors: McConnon Aili
Published: October 2023

Lasers that generate acoustic waves provide insight into lithium nucleation and growth, paving the way for next-generation, high-energy-density batteries.
Spectral shift in terahertz emission by ultrafast laser-induced demagnetization
Authors: Wang Chen , Chen Yanping , Xia Tianhao , Wang Linzheng , Qi Runze , Zhang Jiayang , Sheng Zhengming
Published: October 2023

We demonstrate a spectral shift in the peak frequency of terahertz (THz) emission by ultrafast laser-induced demagnetization in the Fe20Ni80 (Py) film. Experimentally, red spectral shifts of the THz emission are achieved by increasing the laser fluence or decreasing the Curie temperature of the Py film. Based on the microscopic three-temperature model, it is found that such redshifts are attributed by the slowing down of laser induced demagnetization processes in the Py film. The results not only enrich our understanding of THz emission introduced by ultrafast laser-induced demagnetization but also provide a practical way to detect the timescale of laser-induced ultrafast demagnetization dynamics.
Hydrodynamic shock in Rivers: Physical and numerical modeling of flow structures in tsunami-like bores
Authors: Simon Bruno , Lubin Pierre , Chanson Hubert
Published: October 2023

The aim of this work is to provide convincing evidence on the turbulent processes induced by three-dimensional (3D) bores, based on physical and computational fluid dynamics studies of undular tidal bores, a phenomenon very similar to a tsunami-like bore propagating inland along a river. The numerical study is performed by solving the Navier–Stokes equations with a large eddy simulation method in order to access the turbulent flow evolution during the bore passage. Two- and three-dimensional simulations are performed with and without turbulence before bore generations to inspect the effect of coherent structures on the bore propagation. A complex three-dimensional flow takes place during the bore passage. Beneath the undulation crests, a strong shear is observed near the channel bed. Moreover, ejection of turbulent structures occurs during the propagation of undular bores depending on the initial flow conditions. These simulations provide the first detailed three-dimensional data of undular bores intricate flow structure. The results showed that the propagation of the bore front drastically changes the properties of the water column. It is also highlighted that for an upstream current exceeding a threshold value, near-bed eddies are generated and ejected in the water column independently of the free surface characteristics. Our simulations improve the understanding of positive surges which could be extended to tsunami-like bores studies.
Diffusion of LiCl electrolytes in 3D-nanoporous graphene structures
Authors: Liu Biyuan , Zhou Le , Wang Yixiang , Zhuo Shaobin , Zhou Yanguang , Yang Jinglei , Li Zhigang
Published: October 2023

In this work, we investigate the diffusion of LiCl electrolytes in 3D-nanoporous graphene structures (3D-NGSs) through molecular dynamics simulations. The diffusion coefficients, D, of water, Li+, and Cl− are calculated in 3D-NGSs with different LiCl concentrations, porosities, and surface charge densities under various temperatures. It is found that the diffusion coefficients follow the Arrhenius Equation and power laws for the dependence on the temperature and porosity, respectively. They decrease with increasing salt concentration. At high surface charge densities, the diffusion coefficients decrease with increasing charge density, which, however, plays a minor role in affecting the diffusion coefficients in the range of 0–0.2 C m−2. The mechanisms are investigated through the potential energy distribution in the 3D-NGSs. General scaling laws for the diffusion coefficients of water, Li+, and Cl− are proposed. The results in this work provide useful information for the design of electrodes and various energy systems.
Surface tension of metallic glass forming liquid nanoparticles
Authors: Zhu Yiying , Wang Hao , Wu Lingkang , Li Mo
Published: October 2023

We report the surface tension γ of Cu64Zr36 metallic glass liquid nanoparticles calculated using molecular dynamics simulation. We carried out a systematic investigation to obtain the dependence of γ on particle size and temperature. The values of γ are between 0.85 and 1.25 N/m, with a negative coefficient of temperature dependence that covers both the liquid and (amorphous) solid state. The particle size dependence is extracted through the Tolman length δ, which takes the values between 0.53 and 0.83 Å. The surface tension is influenced by temperature, sphere size, and surface chemical segregation.
Water flow in a polymeric nanoslit channel with graphene and hexagonal boron nitride wall coatings: An atomistic study
Authors: Becerra Diego , Córdoba Andrés , Walther Jens H. , Zambrano Harvey A.
Published: October 2023

Low flow resistance is essential for the design of nanofluidic platforms. Here, we present a comparative atomic-level study analyzing the fundamentals of water flow enhancement in a polymeric nanochannel due to the implementation of monatomic thick coatings—specifically, graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). Our results obtained employing large scale non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations and continuum models, revealing significant values of slip lengths of ∼29 and ∼6 nm for graphene- and hBN-coated nanochannels, respectively. Equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, using the Green–Kubo relation, show the significant effect that the partial charges of hBN coating layer have on the water–wall friction. In addition, consistent values of the slip length are obtained from independent sets of equilibrium and non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, confirming that the computed interfacial friction coefficients hold across flow regimes where water molecules no longer occupy the most energetically stable zones at the interface. Hence, the lower interfacial friction observed in the graphene-coated channel leads to a higher water flow enhancement than the one computed in the hBN-coated channel. We also show that the natural undulations of two-dimensional honeycomb-like materials, implemented as wall coatings, remain largely unhindered due to strong interfacial coupling facilitated by π−π stacking between the underlying aromatic polymer substrate and coating monolayers. This is particularly relevant for graphene coatings, which display significant out-of-plane thermal rippling that further enhances water flow. This observation is supported by a stronger atomic-scale vibrational coupling at the water–graphene interface compared to that computed at the water–hBN interface.
Review of scientific instruments: Evaluation of adulteration in honey using a microwave planar resonator sensor
Authors: Jin Qi , Meng Zhaozong , Chen Zhijun , Li Zhen
Published: October 2023

A microwave microstrip line resonator sensor is developed as an alternative tool for detecting adulteration in honey. A honey-filled tube is placed at the position with the maximum electric field intensity. When the honey is adulterated, its permittivity is changed, leading to a distinct resonance frequency shift and enabling detection. Compared with the existing microwave sensors, this sensor offers the advantages of low cost, compact size, and easy fabrication. Moreover, quantitative analysis of the adulteration could be achieved. Electromagnetic simulation is performed using a co-simulation with CST and MATLAB. The simulation results reveal that the resonance frequency of the resonator decreases as the added water content increases, following a quadratic polynomial relationship. In the experiments, the results demonstrate a successive decrease in the resonance frequency from the empty tube, honey-filled tube to water-filled tube cases. Furthermore, honey samples with varying water contents (up to 70%) are tested, and the resonance frequency decreases with increasing added water content, which agrees well with the simulation results. In addition, there is a quadratic relationship between the two parameters. Principal component analysis is conducted on the transmission coefficients, and the first principal component decreases with increasing water content. With the addition of the second principal component, the cases of different water contents in honey can be well classified.
Trapping effects on charge transport in graphene field-effect transistors with high-K gate dielectrics
Authors: Zhou Guantong , Patoary Naim Hossain , Xie Jing , Mamun Fahad Al , Sanchez Esqueda Ivan
Published: October 2023

This paper investigates near-interfacial charge trapping effects in graphene field-effect transistors with high-K gate dielectrics. Experimental and model-based analysis elucidates the impact of trapped charge on the transport properties of graphene. Landauer formalism is applied to correlate trapping-enhanced charged impurity scattering to degradation in conductivity and mobility. The analysis shows a significant reduction in conductivity and mobility with a transition toward the dominance of charge impurity scattering as evidenced by their dependence on the sheet carrier density. Moreover, we quantify the impact of trapped charge buildup on the carrier backscattering mean free path associated with charged impurities. This work provides new insights into the impact of charge trapping toward the development of logic, memory, and neuromorphic devices based on graphene and other low-dimensional materials and ultrascaled high-K dielectrics.
Effects of ion trapping and fluctuations of electron temperature and plasma flow on cross-beam energy transfer
Authors: Yin L. , Nguyen K. L. , Albright B. J. , Seaton A. G. , Hansen A. M. , Froula D. H. , Turnbull D. , Palastro J. P.
Published: October 2023

The influences of ion trapping and fluctuations of electron temperature and plasma flow on cross-beam energy transfer (CBET) are examined using two- and three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations in parameter regimes relevant to recent CBET experiments at the OMEGA laser facility. In mid-Z plasma irradiated by an intense pump beam and weaker probe beam, ion trapping, collisional de-trapping, and plasma flow induced by thermal effects are shown to affect the CBET gain. Ion trapping can enhance or detune the CBET resonance [Nguyen et al., Phys. Plasmas 28, 082705 (2021)]. Collisional de-trapping can affect the CBET gain at low seed beam intensity near the onset threshold for ion trapping. Thermal-effects-induced flow can also detune the CBET resonance at a level comparable to that from trapping at low seed beam intensity. As a consequence, the CBET gain is sensitive to collisions and dimensionality at low seed beam intensity where ion trapping is weak but is insensitive to collisions and dimensionality at high seed beam intensity where ion trapping is strong.
Loss of PPARγ activity characterizes early protumorigenic stromal reprogramming and dictates the therapeutic window of opportunity
Authors: Caruso Joseph A. , Wang Xianhong , Murrow Lyndsay M. , Rodriguez Carlos Ivan , Chen-Tanyolac Chira , Vu Lisa , Chen Yunn-Yi , Gascard Philippe , Gartner Zev J. , Kerlikowske Karla , Tlsty Thea D.
Published: October 2023

Although robustly expressed in the disease-free (DF) breast stroma, CD36 is consistently absent from the stroma surrounding invasive breast cancers (IBCs). In this study, we primarily observed CD36 expression in adipocytes and intralobular capillaries within the DF breast. Larger vessels concentrated in interlobular regions lacked CD36 and were instead marked by the expression of CD31. When evaluated in perilesional capillaries surrounding ductal carcinoma in situ, a nonobligate IBC precursor, CD36 loss was more commonly observed in lesions associated with subsequent IBC. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) governs the expression of CD36 and genes involved in differentiation, metabolism, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Coincident with CD36 loss, we observed a dramatic suppression of PPARγ and its target genes in capillary endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes, which typically surround and support the stability of the capillary endothelium. Factors present in conditioned media from malignant cells repressed PPARγ and its target genes not only in cultured ECs and pericytes but also in adipocytes, which require PPARγ for proper differentiation. In addition, we identified a role for PPARγ in opposing the transition of pericytes toward a tumor-supportive myofibroblast phenotype. In mouse xenograft models, early intervention with rosiglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, demonstrated significant antitumor effects; however, following the development of a palpable tumor, the antitumor effects of rosiglitazone were negated by the repression of PPARγ in the mouse stroma. In summary, PPARγ activity in healthy tissues places several stromal cell types in an antitumorigenic state, directly inhibiting EC proliferation, maintaining adipocyte differentiation, and suppressing the transition of pericytes into tumor-supportive myofibroblasts.
Hurricane wind regimes for forests of North America
Authors: Cannon Jeffery B. , Peterson Chris J. , Godfrey Christopher M. , Whelan Andrew W.
Published: October 2023

Despite the ubiquity of tropical cyclones and their impacts on forests, little is known about how tropical cyclone regimes shape the ecology and evolution of tree species. We used a simple meteorological model (HURRECON) to estimate wind fields from hurricanes in the Western North Atlantic and Eastern North Pacific tropical cyclone basins from storms occurring between 1851 and 2022. We characterize how the intensity and frequency of hurricanes differ among geographically distinct hurricane regimes and define four hurricane regimes for North America (Continental, Inland, Coastal, and Fringe). Along this coastal-to-inland gradient, we found major differences in the frequency and intensity of hurricane wind regimes. The Fringe regime experiences category 1 winds relatively frequently [return period (RP) 25 y], whereas the Inland regime experiences category 1 winds very infrequently (RP ~3,000 y). We discuss how species traits related to tree windfirmness, such as mechanical properties and crown traits, may vary along hurricane regime gradients. Quantitative characterization of forest hurricane regimes provides a critical step for understanding the evolutionary and ecological role of hurricane regimes in wind-prone forests.
Life at the intersection
Authors: Bloom Barthe
Published: October 2023

In colloquial Norwegian, han ‘he’ and
hun ‘she’ can occur as a determiner with common nouns
with human reference (e.g., han mannen, lit. ‘he man-the’).
This study investigates the lateral relations of this construction
(henceforth: han mannen) and two other definite-referring
constructions with human reference: noun phrases that contain the adnominal
determiner den (i.e., den mannen) and those that
realize definiteness by a suffixed article (i.e., mannen). The
study argues that han mannen lives at the intersection of these two
constructions, i.e., that it is motivated by two constructions to which it
is laterally related. The lateral relations between the constructions are
evaluated by random forests, variable importance measures, and partial
dependence plots.
Construction grammar in domain-specific discourse
Authors: Liégeois Vince , Modicom Pierre-Yves , Bonne Lisa
Published: October 2023

Within various frameworks interested in domain-specific language,
like language for specific purposes (LSP) research and discourse
linguistics, the insights provided by CxG-theory have
led to the question of whether constructions can have domain-specific
manifestations. Even though many linguists would, intuitively, answer this
question positively, little empirical research can be found to back up this
hypothesis, which is especially true for Scandinavian linguistics. To this
aim, we conducted a contrastive (Swedish – Norwegian – Dutch) corpus-based
analysis of existential constructions (e.g., Eng., there
are some books on the table) within the specialized domain of
weather reports. The analysis sets out to uncover (a) what their
contextual-constructional features are, (b) how these can be linked to the
domain and (c) whether these features appear across different languages.
Shared syntax and cross-linguistic influence in bilingual children
Authors: Unsworth Sharon
Published: October 2023

This paper investigates the role of structural priming in cross-linguistic influence, a well-established yet
poorly understood characteristic of bilingual language development. More specifically, we test the proposal that cross-linguistic
influence may be conceptualized as between-language priming, that is, as the result of prior linguistic exposure (Serratrice, 2016) and shared syntactic representations between languages (Hartsuiker et al., 2004). In Experiment 1, we primed bilingual English-Dutch children
between languages using possessive structures (e.g., the astronaut’s dog, the dog of the astronaut). In
Experiment 2, we compared the same group of children with bilingual Spanish-Dutch and monolingual Dutch children using
within-language priming. Within-language priming was stronger than between-language priming. In both experiments, we examined the
relation between priming behaviour and individual differences in language exposure, use and proficiency. Experiment 1 found
between-language priming with long-lasting effects modulated by proficiency. The results of Experiment 2 were consistent with
inverse priming effects in within-language priming modulated – to a degree – by properties of the bilingual children’s other
language. Taken together, these findings are consistent with the proposal that between-language priming is a plausible mechanism
underpinning cross-linguistic influence and that bilingual children develop shared syntactic representations for structures which
are similar across their two languages.
Asymptotic symmetries in Bondi gauge and the sub-subleading soft graviton theorem
Authors: Horn Bart
Published: October 2023

We investigate asymptotic symmetries which preserve the Bondi gauge conditions but do not preserve the asymptotic falloff conditions for the metric near the null boundary, and their connection to soft graviton theorems for scattering amplitudes. These include generalized superrotation symmetries parameterized by a smooth vector field Y

A
obeying

D

A

Y

A

=
0

, for which we show that the associated conserved charge can be derived by applying the Noether procedure to the Einstein–Katz action. We also discuss the connection between asymptotic symmetries and the conserved charge associated with the sub-subleading soft theorem, and we find that in Bondi gauge this charge is generated by the combination of a diffeomorphism together with an extra transformation of the metric.
Formation of N–O–H bearing species in HNO3 and H2O icy samples by heavy-ion irradiation: an infrared spectroscopic study
Authors: de Barros A L F , Bergantini A , da Silveira E F , Tozetti S D , Rothard H , Boduch P , Domaracka A
Published: October 2023

This article investigates the radiolysis of a mixture of nitric acid with water (HNO3:H2O) at 16 K in high-vacuum (residual pressure < 10−6 mbar). A nitric acid-water ice film was exposed to 40 MeV 58Ni11+ ion beam in a heavy ion accelerator facility in France. For this astrochemically- and atmospherically-relevant ice mixture of nitric acid and water, we analyze the possible formation and destruction processes of N–O bearing species, thus providing spectroscopic data in the infrared (IR) region for theoretical, laboratory and observational future studies. The irradiation synthetized 18 species which were posteriorly examined by infrared spectroscopy: N2O, NH3, NO, NO2 and H
x
N
y
O
z
molecules, such as hidroxylamine (NH2OH), nitrous acid (HONO) as well as other species with bonding N–O, N–H and H–O–N converting surface-adsorbed nitrogen oxides into astrochemically active NO
x
. The interaction of HNO3 and H2O originates H–N–O molecular complexes, which were investigated as particular cases of the hydrogen-bonded species formed by a more electronegative atom (N or O) interacts intra or intermolecularly with a donor atom (N or O) and observed in the interstellar medium with higher quantities or great abundances. The HNO3 and H2O destruction cross sections have been determined to be 8.5 × 10−13 and 1.2 × 10−13 cm2, respectively, for the mentioned experimental conditions.
Plasmonic detection of the parity anomaly in a two-dimensional Chern insulator
Authors: Chen M N , Zhou Yu
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we present an analytic study on the surface plasmon polaritons in a two-dimensional parity anomaly Chern insulator. The two-dimensional conductivities derived from the BHZ model are antisymmetric, based on which two surface plasmon modes each contains two branches of dispersions have been found. In the absence of parity anomaly, the half-integer-valued Hall conductivities with positive and negative Dirac mass terms differ by a sign; two branches of each surface plasmon mode are exactly degenerate. However, the parity anomaly can lift such degeneracy and lead to significant modifications of these dispersion curves or even the occurrence of an extra branch of surface plasmons under particular condition. Our investigations have revealed the effects of the interplay of parity anomaly and topology on the dispersion relations of the surface plasmon polaritons, which may pave a possible way for the detection of the parity anomaly in a two-dimensional Chern insulator via plasmonic responses.
Detection and recovery of anomalous vibration signal of rotating machinery based on LOF-MSAMP
Authors: Zhang Liguo , Yan Ping , Zhou Han , Huang Qin , Pei Jie , Yang Yong
Published: October 2023

The collected vibration signals of rotating machinery contain pulses, missing, and other low-quality anomalous data due to environmental noise interference, unstable data transmission, and data acquisition instrument failure. These low-quality data obstruct the analysis of the healthy operation condition of rotating machinery. This paper proposes a method for anomalous vibration signal detection and recovery based on the local outlier factor algorithm and the modified sparsity adaptive matching pursuit algorithm. The method combines the local outlier factor algorithm and compressive sensing theory to realize anomalous vibration signal detection and recovery. This paper evaluates the recovery performance both qualitatively and quantitatively and discusses how the proposed method’s hyperparameter selection affects the recovery results. A set of simulated signal and measured hob base signal are used to verify the proposed method. The results indicate that, when compared to the other seven reconstruction algorithms, the proposed method’s recovered signal has the lower error level and the higher waveform similarity which reaches more than 98% to the original signal, effectively improving data quality.
Standing waves on holidays
Authors: Carvalho Paulo Simeão , Hahn Marcelo Dumas
Published: October 2023

Standing waves are a common phenomenon in nature, but sometimes difficult to understand by the students. Many of them do not realise, for example, that the sound coming from the musical instruments is due to standing waves that are formed in strings, membranes, or cavities on those instruments. In this paper, we describe a simple activity that occurred in a circular pool during holidays which excited people for generating standing waves with their own body. This was also an opportunity for talking about this phenomenon with young people and make simple calculations of the speed of waves in shallow water. This is an example that summertime is not just for relaxing and teachers may find good examples of applied physics to bring to their classes and help students to better understand physics contents.
Predicting the hotspot location and motor threshold prior to transcranial magnetic stimulation using electric field modelling
Authors: Matilainen Noora , Kataja Juhani , Laakso Ilkka
Published: October 2023

Objective. To investigate whether the motor threshold (MT) and the location of the motor hotspot in transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be predicted with computational models of the induced electric field. Approach. Individualized computational models were constructed from structural magnetic resonance images of ten healthy participants, and the induced electric fields were determined with the finite element method. The models were used to optimize the location and direction of the TMS coil on the scalp to produce the largest electric field at a predetermined cortical target location. The models were also used to predict how the MT changes as the magnetic coil is moved to various locations over the scalp. To validate the model predictions, the motor evoked potentials were measured from the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle with TMS in the ten participants. Both computational and experimental methods were preregistered prior to the experiments. Main results. Computationally optimized hotspot locations were nearly as accurate as those obtained using manual hotspot search procedures. The mean Euclidean distance between the predicted and the measured hotspot locations was approximately 1.3 cm with a 0.8 cm bias towards the anterior direction. Exploratory analyses showed that the bias could be removed by changing the cortical target location that was used for the prediction. The results also indicated a statistically significant relationship (p < 0.001) between the calculated electric field and the MT measured at several locations on the scalp. Significance. The results show that the individual TMS hotspot can be located using computational analysis without stimulating the subject or patient even once. Adapting computational modelling would save time and effort in research and clinical use of TMS.
Analysis of a cusped helicon plasma thruster discharge
Authors: Jiménez Pedro , Zhou Jiewei , Navarro-Cavallé Jaume , Fajardo Pablo , Merino Mario , Ahedo Eduardo
Published: October 2023

Experiments and simulations are used to analyze a compact helicon plasma thruster with a cusp in its internal magnetic field. The former rely on a compensated Langmuir probe and a Faraday cup, while the latter employ a hybrid PIC/fluid transport model combined with a frequency-domain electromagnetic field model. Measurements serve to tune the anomalous transport parameters of the model and overall show the same trends as the numerical results, including a secondary peak of electron temperature downstream in the magnetic nozzle, where electron cyclotron resonance conditions for the 13.56 MHz excitation frequency are met. The cusp plays a central role in determining the plasma losses to the walls and the profile of electron temperature, which in turn defines the excitation and ionization losses. While losses to the rear wall are reduced, losses to the lateral wall are increased, which, together with the low production efficiency, limit the performance of the device.
Rotating spokes, potential hump and modulated ionization in radio frequency magnetron discharges
Authors: Xu Liang , Sun Haomin , Eremin Denis , Ganta Sathya , Kaganovich Igor , Bera Kallol , Rauf Shahid , Wu Xuemei
Published: October 2023

In this work, the transition from the gradient drift instability (GDI) into an m = 1 rotating spoke in the radio frequency magnetron discharge was studied by means of the two-dimensional axial-azimuthal (z − y) particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision method. The kinetic model combined with the linear analysis of the perturbation revealed that the cathode sheath (axial) electric field E

z
triggers the GDI, deforming the local potential until the instability condition is not fulfilled and the fluctuation growth stops in which moment the instability becomes saturated. The potential deformation consequently leads to the formation of the potential hump, surrounding which the azimuthal electric field E

y
is present. The saturation level of E

y
was found to be synchronized with and proportional to the time-changing voltage applied at the cathode, resulting in the RF-modulation of the electron heating in the E

y
due to

∇
B

drift. In the saturated stage of the instability, it was shown that the rotation velocity and direction of the spoke present in the simulations agree well with the experimental observation (Panjan 2019 J. Appl. Phys.
125 203303). In the instability linear stage, the instability mode wavelength and the growth rate were also found to be in good agreement with the prediction of the GDI linear fluid theory.
Resistor-less power-rail ESD clamp circuit design with adjustable NMOS gate biased voltage
Authors: Li Shuang , Wang Yang , Tao Hongke , Liu Qing , Zeng Zhiwen , Jin Xiangliang , Yang Hongjiao
Published: October 2023

Based on the 0.18 μm CMOS process, proposed a new power-rail electrostatic discharge clamp circuit. The proposed circuit can adjust the voltage biased to the big clamp NMOS (Mbig) gate by adjusting the width of one MOS transistor, and the feedback path is designed to prolong the response time of Mbig. The simulation results demonstrated that the voltage biased to the Mbig of the proposed circuit has a relatively steady state and the Mbig has a longer response time, which can effectively reduce the damage to the gate oxide layer of the Mbig with large voltage overshoot. The transmission line pulse test results show that compared to the Mbig of the conventional circuit, the Mbig of the proposed circuit has higher trigger voltage, lower on-resistance, and better robustness.
Time resolved study of temperature sensing using Gd2O3:Er,Yb: deep learning approach
Authors: Rabasovic Maja S , Savic-Sevic Svetlana , Križan Janez , Matovic Branko , Nikolic Marko , Sevic Dragutin
Published: October 2023

This paper examines the potential applications of machine learning algorithms in the analysis of optical spectra from Gd2O3:Er,Yb thermophosphor. The material was synthesized using the solution combustion method. For data acquisition, we employed pulsed laser diode excitation at 980 nm and utilized a streak camera with a spectrograph to obtain time-resolved spectral data of the optical emission from Gd2O3:Er,Yb. To ensure data consistency and facilitate visualization, we employed principal component analysis and Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection clustering. Our findings demonstrate that, instead of the conventional approach of identifying spectral peaks and calculating intensity ratios, it is feasible to train computer software to recognize time-resolved spectra associated with different temperatures of the thermophosphor. Through our analysis, we have successfully devised a technique for remote temperature estimation by leveraging deep learning artificial neural networks.
Facile aqueous synthesis, structural and luminescence properties for CdTe@FeOOH (Core/Shell)
Authors: El-sadek M S Abd , Elnobi Sahar , Wasly H S , El-Sheshtawy H S , Abuelwafa Amr Attia
Published: October 2023

Seed-mediated growth, a straightforward technique with a low reaction temperature and low cost, was used to create multi-functional core/shell nanoparticles (CdTe@FeOOH). X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HTEM), Energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared techniques (FT-IR), and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) were utilized to study the structure and composition of the as-prepared CdTe@FeOOH quantum dots (QDs). Photoluminescence (PL) properties of CdTe@FeOOH (Core/Shell) in an aqueous solution were studied by steady-state and time-resolved PL spectroscopy. The PL lifetime of CdTe@FeOOH QDs was reduced as a consequence of PL quenching. This results in the electron transfer mechanism being efficient, which reduces electron–hole recombination in the core–shell composite. The utilization of core–shell nanospheres of this nature presents numerous potentialities for applications in the field of photocatalysis.
Imprints of rastall gravity on particle dynamics
Authors: Iftikhar Sehrish , Aziz Sobia , Manzoor Rubab , Malik Sakina
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we investigate the trajectories of test particle around the Kerr-Newman anti de-Sitter black hole enclosed by scalar field matter in the context of Rastall gravity. We limit our research to the equatorial plane and analyze the dynamics of both null as well as time-like geodesics. We explore the stable regions with respect to the event horizon, radius of photon orbit and the so called static radius for both null as well as time-like particles. We found that the stable point is always less than the cosmological horizon as well as the static radius. We also discuss the energy extraction as well as negative energy state via Penrose process. The efficiency of the process from Kerr-Newman anti de-Sitter black hole is also examined. We observe that the efficiency of the Penrose process increased with the spin parameter as well the intensity of the scalar field around the BH.
Investigation of sunlight driven SPR assisted photocatalytic activity of Ag doped SnO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Mahanta Rituraj , Chetri Pawan , Bora Dulen
Published: October 2023

Photocatalysis triggered by visible light has emerged as a viable method for addressing environmental pollution and the energy crisis in our society. Numerous metal oxide semiconductors are transformed into visible light active photocatalysts by adopting some straightforward methods. One such efficient way of creating a visible light active photocatalyst is doping a pure semiconductor with plasmonic metal nanoparticles. Our work thoroughly investigates the photocatalytic properties of pure SnO2 nanoparticles (NP) and SnO2 doped with 1%, 3%, and 5% ‘Ag’ under sunlight. These samples are prepared using a straightforward sol–gel approach, followed by a hydrothermal procedure. To examine the different properties and morphology of the synthesized samples, several analytical tools, including UV–visible spectrometer, XRD, XPS, TEM, PL spectrometer and FTIR are used. Analysis of UV-visible absorbance spectra shows a noticeable narrowing of the band gap with increased ‘Ag’ doping. XRD analysis confirms the tetragonal structure of all samples. Methyl orange (MO) dye is used as an imitation of an organic pollutant to examine the photocatalytic activity under sunlight. When compared to pure SnO2 NP, every ‘Ag’ doped SnO2 NP sample exhibits a considerable improvement in the photodegradation of methyl orange. Analysis of PL spectra of SnO2 NPs doped with ‘Ag’ suggests that the major causes of this enhancement in photocatalysis are surface defects and the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect caused by ‘Ag’ doping. The scavenging test claims that the holes are the primary and the superoxide radicals are the secondary reactive species which are responsible for MO degradation under sunlight.
Design of 8 -bit low power SAR ADC in 45 nm for biomedical implants
Authors: Tyagi Mohit , Mittal Poornima , Kumar Parvin
Published: October 2023

The utilisation of low power SAR (Successive Approximation Register) Analog-to-Digital Converters holds significant importance in the domain of bio-medical signal acquisition. The present study showcases the utilisation of an 8-bit CMOS SAR-ADC for integration into the analog front end of bio-signal acquisition. The focus of this technology pertains to the monitoring of implanted bio-signal devices, with a specific emphasis on ECG/EEG signals. A capacitive digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is suggested as a means to attain power consumption in the microwatt range. This approach enables comparisons to be made without any energy consumption, leading to a substantial enhancement in energy efficiency. Furthermore, a comprehensive theoretical examination of comparator offset voltages has been conducted to enhance the offset performance of the comparator operating at low supply voltage. The analysis indicates that optimization of the comparator is achieved solely through the adjustment of transistor sizes, without the implementation of any specific offset cancellation techniques. Simulations indicate that the optimization of the offset voltage to approximately 5 mV occurs when there is variation in the common-mode input voltage at a 1 V supply. The proposed Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) layout has been successfully executed utilizing the 45 nm Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) attains a Spurious-Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) of 64.02 dB and consumes 1.9 μW of power at a sampling rate of 1.1 MHz and a supply voltage of 1 V.
Anisotropy and magnetoelasticity effects on the propagation of the SH-wave-induced semi-infinite crack in a magnetoelastic orthotropic medium
Authors: Singh Ajeet Kumar
Published: October 2023

The crux of the present study is to investigate semi-infinite crack propagation in magnetoelastic strip influenced by propagating SH-wave under orthotropic geometrical configurations. The Wiener-Hopf (WH) technique and two-sided Fourier integral transforms (FIT) are applied in the proposed analytical model. A closed-form expression of the stress intensity factor (SIF) has been established for the constant concentrated force. The SIF in a magnetoelastic orthotropic strip is shown to be significantly affected by the crack length and crack speed, medium anisotropy, and magnetoelastic parameter. The proposed model is compared to the case of a magnetoelastic isotropic strip in order to demonstrate the effect of orthotropy as well as other anomalies. Among other observations, it is noted that regardless of whether orthotropy exists in the strip or not, the value of the SIF rises along with the crack speed until it reaches its maximum, at which point it rapidly declines.
Externally pumped yellow laser source emitting at 577 nm
Authors: Chayran Great , Jambunathan Venkatesan , Smrz Martin , Mocek Tomas
Published: October 2023

We demonstrated a 577 nm yellow laser source with a proper combination of Raman medium and frequency doubling medium, pumped externally. Cryogenic Yb:YAG oscillator acts as an external pump source, and it generates 1.2 mJ energy at 1 KHz emitting around 1029 nm. Using a Raman resonator with Ba(NO3)2 as Raman medium, stimulated Raman scattering around 1153.4 was generated. Finally, 577 nm yellow laser was generated using the frequency-doubling medium LBO. A maximum average output power of 65 mW with a pulse duration of 18 ns at 1 KHz was achieved.
Influence of Eu3+ ions on 1.5 µm luminescence of Er3+ in TeO2–ZnO–Bi2O3 glasses
Authors: Savikin A P , Sumachev K E , Krasnov M V , Zamyatin O A , Sibirkin A A
Published: October 2023

TeO2–ZnO–Bi2O3 glasses doped with Eu3+ and Er3+ ions were prepared and investigated for their physical, optical, and luminescent properties. The optical band gap is calculated for the indirect transition and is within the 3.04–3.10 eV range. The Urbach energy varies from 0.135 to 0.098 eV with the increase in Eu3+ compound content. Bi2Te2O8 and ZnTeO3 complex oxide phases are generated in the mixture as intermediate compounds in the course of charge thermal processing. The additional doping of TeO2–ZnO–Bi2O3:Er3+ glass samples with Eu3+ ions is shown to lead to the appearance of cross-relaxation channels of the Er3+ ion states and decreases the population of the 4I13/2 state of the Er3+ ions. Simultaneously, the excited 4I11/2 state of the Er3+ ions is also subjected to strong cross-relaxation decay. The Eu3+ ions are shown to decrease the 4I13/2 level population of Er3+ ions, which may facilitate the attainment of population inversion if the 4I13/2 level is at the lower level of the laser transition.
Rational solutions of Painlevé-II equation as Gram determinant
Authors: Zhang 张 Xiaoen 晓恩 , Lu 陆 Bing-Ying 冰滢
Published: October 2023

Under the Flaschka–Newell Lax pair, the Darboux transformation for the Painlevé-II equation is constructed by the limiting technique. With the aid of the Darboux transformation, the rational solutions are represented by the Gram determinant, and then we give the large y asymptotics of the determinant and the rational solutions. Finally, the solution of the corresponding Riemann–Hilbert problem is obtained from the Darboux matrices.
Generalization Ability of Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Navigation Based on Curriculum Learning
Authors: He Yuchen , Baldi Simone
Published: October 2023

In this paper, curriculum learning is studied as an approach to improve generalization ability in navigation tasks, that is, improve the agent’s ability of navigating in scenarios different from those used for training. The agent is trained based on the TD3 algorithm, and curriculum learning selects different stages (i.e. different curricula) of Empty/Sparse/Normal worlds for training. Via extensive numerical comparisons with agents trained under such curricula, it is shown that properly used curriculum learning improves the agent’s ability of generalization. Furthermore, an automatic curriculum learning (Auto-CL) approach is proposed. Auto-CL is shown to have even better generalization than the standard curriculum learning, since it makes the agent able to navigate in new environments with more than 6% shorter paths in more than 21% shorter time.
Synthesis and characterization of Ba0.6Ca0.4Fe12O19/Fe3O4/SiO2 nanocomposite
Authors: Jalil Z , Handoko E , Susila A B , Muhardina V , Gursida A H , Iriani Y , Umaisaroh U , Alaydrus M
Published: October 2023

This research synthesized two types of materials, namely M-type barium hexaferrite Ba0.6Ca0.4Fe12O19 and Ba0.6Ca0.4Fe12O19/Fe3O4/SiO2 nano composite by using ceramic and mechanical milling method. To characterize obtained powder properties, we employed permagraph and vector network analyser (VNA) measurement. Furthermore, complex permeability (μ) and permittivity (ε) were calculated based on VNA measurement signal in The samples have shown a lowest reflection loss of –40.43 dB at 8.46 GHz and –21.14 dB dB at 12.4 GHz for barium hexaferrite Ba0.6Ca0.4Fe12O19 (0%) and Ba0.6Ca0.4Fe12O19/Fe3O4/SiO2 (20%) nano composite, respectively.
Design of garage monitoring system using RFID and vehicle sensor based on microcontroller
Authors: Syam R , Bintoro J , Fikri S N
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study is to develop a garage monitoring system using RFID and ATMEGA328P Microcontroller-Based vehicle sensors and ESP32-CAM. It is to design a garage monitoring system, create a garage monitoring system, and also to test a garage monitoring system. This research was carried out using the R&D research method by Borg and Gall, which included four stages, namely the research and information gathering stage, planning, initial product development, and preliminary field testing. The process of designing a garage monitoring system is carried out, starting from making tool designs using 3d modeling software and also making interfaces from Android applications. Making a garage monitoring system starts with making the PCB that will be used, then making the vehicle sensor device and ESP32-CAM box using the 3d printing method, and continuing with making the RFID and Arduino Uno boxes. The tests carried out showed that the RFID sensor is able to detect the appropriate card, the PIR sensor is able to detect human movement, the Vehicle sensor can detect the presence of a vehicle when the sensor is stepped on by a vehicle, the GPS sensor has an accuracy with a maximum error of 6 meters, the OV2640 camera, and ESP32-CAM is able to send images and notifications to android applications so that all components can function properly.
A deep learning approach for detecting underwater plastic waste
Authors: Delina M , Akbar P F , Hussaan A M , Harlastputra A F , Anugrah D S S P , Renaldi P , Noviarini D
Published: October 2023

The water pollution, flooding, and recycling issues in Indonesia are exacerbated by the critical level of underwater plastic waste. Furthermore, the lack of visibility makes it difficult to collect plastic waste in the water. In this research, a plastic detection instrument was developed to detect water pollution using a deep learning method with the You Only Look Once version 3 (YOLOv3) algorithm. The study was conducted in four steps: 1) create a custom dataset of plastic waste images, 2) annotated the plastic waste dataset, 3) configurated and train the model, 4) validated the result. The proposed model has achieved an overall mean average precision (mAP) of 83.12% This result indicated that the model is effective in detecting plastic waste in underwater environment.
DC-DC buck converter circuit for hybrid solar panel system using PV-TEG combination
Authors: Indrasari W , Achmad F F , Rhamadhan F R
Published: October 2023

Solar energy utilization as electrical energy can be achieved by using solar panels and thermoelectric generators (PV-TEG) combination. Solar panels convert solar energy into electrical energy based on the principle of the photovoltaic effect. Meanwhile, the heat potential on the solar panels surface can be used to produce electrical energy using a thermoelectric generator based on the Seebeck effect. The electrical power generated by the PV-TEG is then fed into a DC-DC buck converter to lowering the electrical voltage according to the battery voltage capacity. This research aims to control the power transmitted from the PV-TEG to the battery to obtain optimal performance. Therefore, a circuit simulation of the DC-DC buck converter is conducted using LT-Spice to determine the converter’s efficiency. The DC-DC buck converter circuit is designed using a lowpass filter with its cut-off frequency of 1000 Hz (R=50Ω, L=33.8mH, and C=750nF). PV-TEG characterization is conducted to determine the input power range of the converter. The input power range obtained from the PV-TEG characterization is 18.98-20.55 V. The efficiency obtained through the LT-Spice simulation of the converter circuit is 72.94 %, with a maximum output voltage of 12.14 V.