bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Random lasing and amplified spontaneous emission from silk inverse opals: Optical gain enhancement via protein scatterers
Authors: Umar Muhammad , Min Kyungtaek , Kim Sookyoung , Kim Sunghwan
Published: November 2019

Gain amplification and coherent lasing lines through random lasing (RL) can be produced by a random distribution of scatterers in a gain medium. If these amplified light sources can be seamlessly integrated into biological systems, they can have useful bio-optical applications, such as highly accurate sensing and high-resolution imaging. In this paper, a fully biocompatible light source showing RL and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) with a reduced threshold is reported. Random cavities were induced in a biocompatible silk protein film by incorporating an inverse opal with an inherent disorder and a biocompatible dye for optical gain into the film. By choosing the appropriate air-sphere diameters, clear RL spikes in the emission spectra that were clearly distinguished from those of the ASE were observed in the silk inverse opal (SIO) with optical gain. Additionally, the RL output exhibited spatial coherence; however, the ASE did not. The high surface-to-volume ratio and amplification of the SIO led to highly efficient chemosensing in the detection of hydrogen chloride vapor. Moreover, SIO could be miniaturized to be made suitable for injection into biological tissues and obtain RL signals. Our results, which open the way for the development of a new generation of miniaturized bio-lasers, may be considered as the first example of engineered RL with biocompatible materials.
The relationship between red cell distribution width and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a general population
Authors: Pan Jingxue , Borné Yan , Engström Gunnar
Published: November 2019

Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) could be a risk factor for developing various chronic diseases, and seems to be a prognostic marker in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) or cancer. Our aim was to explore the association between RDW and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a general population. RDW was measured in 27,063 participants (aged 45–73 years) from the population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort. After a follow-up of 19.8 ± 5.5 years, Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to study the relationship between RDW and all-cause and cause-specific mortality, with adjustment for confounding factors. A total of 9388 individuals (4715 men and 4673 women) died during the follow up. High RDW was significantly associated with all-cause mortality (HR, 4th vs. 1st quartile: 1.34, 95%CI: 1.24–1.45), cancer mortality (HR: 1.27, 95%CI: 1.12–1.44), CVD mortality (HR: 1.39, 95%CI: 1.21–1.59), and respiratory disease mortality (HR: 1.47, 95%CI: 1.06–2.03). The C-statistic increased significantly from 0.732 to 0.737 when adding RDW to a model adjusted for age and sex. There was a significant interaction between RDW and BMI with respect to all-cause mortality. We concluded that RDW is associated with mortality and propose that high RDW is a significant, but non-specific marker of mortality risk in the general population.
Acetylation of conserved DVL-1 lysines regulates its nuclear translocation and binding to gene promoters in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Sharma Monica , Molehin Deborah , Castro-Piedras Isabel , Martinez Edgar G. , Pruitt Kevin
Published: November 2019

Dishevelled (DVL) proteins are central mediators of the Wnt signalling pathway and are versatile regulators of several cellular processes, yet little is known about their post-translational regulation. Acetylation is a reversible post-translational modification (PTM) which regulates the function of several non-histone proteins involved in tumorigenesis. Since we previously demonstrated that lysine deacetylase, SIRT-1, regulates DVL protein levels and its function, we reasoned that DVL could potentially be a substrate for SIRT-1 mediated deacetylation. To further examine the potential role of multiple families of lysine deacetylases in the post-translational regulation of DVL, we screened for novel acetylation sites using liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Herein, we report 12 DVL-1 lysine residues that show differential acetylation in response to changes in oxygen tension and deacetylase inhibition in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). PTMs are well documented to influence protein activity, and cellular localization. We also identify that acetylation of two key lysine residues, K69 and K285, present on the DIX and PDZ domains respectively, promote nuclear over cytoplasmic localization of DVL-1, and influences its promoter binding and regulation of genes implicated in cancer. Collectively, these findings for the first time, uncover acetylation as a novel layer of regulation of DVL-1 proteins.
Defining the Celiac Disease Transcriptome using Clinical Pathology Specimens Reveals Biologic Pathways and Supports Diagnosis
Authors: Loberman-Nachum Nurit , Sosnovski Katya , Di Segni Ayelet , Efroni Gilat , Braun Tzipi , BenShoshan Marina , Anafi Lait , Avivi Camila , Barshack Iris , Shouval Dror S. , Denson Lee A. , Amir Amnon , Unger Ron , Weiss Batia , Haberman Yael
Published: November 2019

Celiac disease is provoked by gluten exposure, but the complete pathogenic process in the duodenum and the loss of tolerance to gluten is not well understood. We aimed to define the core celiac transcriptomic signature and pathologic pathways in pre-treatment formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) duodenum biopsies used for clinical diagnosis. We use mRNAseq to define pre-treatment diagnostic duodenum gene expression in 54 pediatric celiac patients and non-celiac controls, and we validate our key findings in two independent cohorts of 67 adults and pediatric participants that used fresh frozen biopsies. We further define similar and divergent genes and pathways in 177 small bowel Crohn disease patients and controls. We observe a marked suppression of mature epithelial metabolic functions in celiac patients, overlapping substantially with the Crohn disease signature. A marked adaptive immune response was noted for the up-regulated signature including interferon response, alpha-beta, and gamma-delta T-cells that overlapped to some extent with the Crohn disease signature. However, we also identified a celiac disease specific signature linked to increased cell proliferation, nuclear division, and cell cycle activity that was localized primarily to the epithelia as noted by CCNB1 and Ki67 staining. Lastly, we demonstrate the utility of the transcriptomic date to correctly classify disease or healthy states in the discovery and validation cohorts. Our data supplement recently published datasets providing insights into celiac pathogenesis using clinical pathology FFPE samples, and can stimulate new approaches to address this highly prevalent condition.
LncRNA GABPB1-AS1 and GABPB1 regulate oxidative stress during erastin-induced ferroptosis in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Qi Wenchuan , Li Zhenhua , Xia Longjiang , Dai Jiangshan , Zhang Qiao , Wu Chuanfang , Xu Si
Published: November 2019

Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic, iron-dependent oxidative form of cell death that is specifically induced by erastin in RAS mutant cancer cells. Ferroptotic cell death is the result of membrane lipid peroxide damage caused by the accumulation of hydroxyl radicals derived from H2O2 by the Fenton reaction. Peroxidases are key cellular antioxidant enzymes that block such damaging processes. Few studies have examined the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the regulation of cellular oxidative stress, especially in ferroptosis. Here, we demonstrated that erastin upregulated the lncRNA GABPB1-AS1, which downregulated GABPB1 protein levels by blocking GABPB1 translation, leading to the downregulation of the gene encoding Peroxiredoxin-5 (PRDX5) peroxidase and the eventual suppression of the cellular antioxidant capacity. Such effects critically inhibited the cellular antioxidant capacity and cell viability. Additionally, high expression levels of GABPB1 were correlated with poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Patients, while high GABPB1-AS1 levels in HCC patients correlated with improved overall survival. Collectively, these data demonstrate a mechanistic link between GABPB1 and its antisense lncRNA GABPB1-AS1 in erastin-induced ferroptosis and establish GABPB1 and GABPB1-AS1 as attractive therapeutic targets for HCC.
A new biocompatible ternary Layered Double Hydroxide Adsorbent for ultrafast removal of anionic organic dyes
Authors: Rathee Garima , Awasthi Amardeep , Sood Damini , Tomar Ravi , Tomar Vartika , Chandra Ramesh
Published: November 2019

It would be of great significance to introduce a new biocompatible Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) for the efficient remediation of wastewater. Herein, we designed a facile, biocompatible and environmental friendly layered double hydroxide (LDH) of NiFeTi for the very first time by the hydrothermal route. The materialization of NiFeTi LDH was confirmed by FTIR, XRD and Raman studies. BET results revealed the high surface area (106 m2/g) and the morphological studies (FESEM and TEM) portrayed the sheets-like structure of NiFeTi nanoparticles. The material so obtained was employed as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of organic dyes from synthetic waste water. The dye removal study showed >96% efficiency for the removal of methyl orange, congo red, methyl blue and orange G, which revealed the superiority of material for decontamination of waste water. The maximum removal (90%) of dyes was attained within 2 min of initiation of the adsorption process which supported the ultrafast removal efficiency. This ultrafast removal efficiency was attributed to high surface area and large concentration of -OH and CO32− groups present in NiFeTi LDH. In addition, the reusability was also performed up to three cycles with 96, 90 and 88% efficiency for methyl orange. Furthermore, the biocompatibility test on MHS cell lines were also carried which revealed the non-toxic nature of NiFeTi LDH at lower concentration (100% cell viability at 15.6 μg/ml). Overall, we offer a facile surfactant free method for the synthesis of NiFeTi LDH which is efficient for decontamination of anionic dyes from water and also non-toxic.
How formaldehyde reacts with amino acids
Authors: Kamps Jos J. A. G. , Hopkinson Richard J. , Schofield Christopher J. , Claridge Timothy D. W.
Published: November 2019

Formaldehyde is a biological electrophile produced via processes including enzymatic demethylation. Despite its apparent simplicity, the reactions of formaldehyde with even basic biological components are incompletely defined. Here we report NMR-based studies on the reactions of formaldehyde with common proteinogenic and other nucleophilic amino acids. The results reveal formaldehyde reacts at different rates, forming hydroxymethylated, cyclised, cross-linked, or disproportionated products of varying stabilities. Of the tested common amino acids, cysteine reacts most efficiently, forming a stable thiazolidine. The reaction with lysine is less efficient; low levels of an Nε-methylated product are observed, raising the possibility of non-enzymatic lysine methylation by formaldehyde. Reactions with formaldehyde are faster than reactions with other tested biological carbonyl compounds, and the adducts are also more stable. The results reveal reactions of formaldehyde with amino acids, and by extension peptides and proteins, have potential roles in healthy and diseased biology, as well as in evolution.
Reciprocity between local moments and collective magnetic excitations in the phase diagram of BaFe2(As1−xPx)2
Authors: Pelliciari Jonathan , Ishii Kenji , Huang Yaobo , Dantz Marcus , Lu Xingye , Olalde-Velasco Paul , Strocov Vladimir N. , Kasahara Shigeru , Xing Lingyi , Wang Xiancheng , Jin Changqing , Matsuda Yuji , Shibauchi Takasada , Das Tanmoy , Schmitt Thorsten
Published: November 2019

Unconventional superconductivity arises at the border between the strong coupling regime with local magnetic moments and the weak coupling regime with itinerant electrons, and stems from the physics of criticality that dissects the two. Unveiling the nature of the quasiparticles close to quantum criticality is fundamental to understand the phase diagram of quantum materials. Here, using resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) and $${\rm{Fe}}-{{\rm{K}}}_{\beta }$$
Fe
−

K

β

emission spectroscopy (XES), we visualize the coexistence and evolution of local magnetic moments and collective spin excitations across the superconducting dome in isovalently-doped BaFe$${}_{2}$$

2

(As$${}_{1-x}$$

1
−
x

P$${}_{x}$$

x

)$${}_{2}$$

2

(0.00 $$ \le $$
≤
x $$\le 0.52$$
≤
0.52
). Collective magnetic excitations resolved by RIXS are gradually hardened, whereas XES reveals a strong suppression of the local magnetic moment upon doping. This relationship is captured by an intermediate coupling theory, explicitly accounting for the partially localized and itinerant nature of the electrons in Fe pnictides. Finally, our work identifies a local-itinerant spin fluctuations channel through which the local moments transfer spin excitations to the particle-hole (paramagnons) continuum across the superconducting dome.
Nano liquid chromatography columns
Authors: Wilson Steven Ray , Olsen Christine , Lundanes Elsa
Published: November 2019

Nano liquid chromatography (nanoLC), with columns having an inner diameter (ID) of ≤100 μm, can provide enhanced sensitivity and enable analysis of limited samples.
The determination of trace free acid content in lithium-ion battery electrolytes by coulometric titration in non-aqueous media
Authors: Huang Cairui , Shen Congcong , Jin Ling , Qu Deyu , Hu Xiaosong , Lin Yawei , Cai Hongwei
Published: November 2019

A new quantitative analysis method was proposed, aiming at resolving the difficulty encountered in accurately determining the trace content of a free acid in lithium-ion battery electrolytes in the past 30 years.
A rapid label- and enzyme-free G-quadruplex-based fluorescence strategy for highly-sensitive detection of HIV DNA
Authors: Zhang Feng , Xiang Ling , Xiao Xianghui , Chen Xiaoming , Chen Chunyan , Cai Changqun
Published: November 2019

Because rapid and selective methods for HIV detection are urgently needed, herein, a simple label- and enzyme-free strategy is constructed for fluorescence detection of HIV DNA.
Correlative surface imaging reveals chemical signatures for bacterial hotspots on plant roots
Authors: Liu Wen , Huang Liuqin , Komorek Rachel , Handakumbura Pubudu P. , Zhou Yadong , Hu Dehong , Engelhard Mark H. , Jiang Hongchen , Yu Xiao-Ying , Jansson Christer , Zhu Zihua
Published: November 2019

A universal sample holder allows correlative imaging analysis of plant roots to reveal chemical signatures for bacterial hotspots.
Bioluminescence imaging of carbon monoxide in living cells based on a selective deiodination reaction
Authors: Wang Anni , Li Xuewei , Ju Yong , Chen Dongying , Lu Jianzhong
Published: November 2019

Modification of a heavy iodine atom for d-Luciferin was explored as a “turn-on” transduction scheme for CO detection. This new probe could image exogenous and endogenous CO in the luciferase-transfected cancer cells.
Incorporation of 7-dehydrocholesterol into liposomes as a simple, universal and efficient way to enhance anticancer activity by combining PDT and photoactivated chemotherapy
Authors: Wang Youchao , Tian Nana , Li Chao , Hou Yuanjun , Wang Xuesong , Zhou Qianxiong
Published: November 2019

Incorporation of 7-dehydrocholesterol instead of cholesterol can efficiently enhance the anticancer activity of photosensitizer-encapsulated liposomes upon irradiation.
Iridium complex nanoparticle mediated radiopharmaceutical-excited phosphorescence imaging
Authors: Hou Yutong , Wang Chenchen , Chen Ming , Wang Mingwei , Deng Guang , Yang Hong , Zhou Zhiguo , Yang Shiping
Published: November 2019

We firstly perpared liposome coated [Ir(pq)2(bpy)]Cl (Ir@liposome) as a transducer for radiopharmaceutical (18F-FDG) excited phosphorescence imaging (REPI).
Crystal-to-crystal transformation and linker exchange in Cd(ii) coordination polymers based on flexible bis-pyridyl-bis-amide and 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylate
Authors: Yang Xiang-Kai , Chen Jhy-Der
Published: November 2019

Solvothermal reactions of Cd(ii) salts and naphthalene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid with bis(N-pyrid-3-ylmethyl)adipoamide and bis(N-pyrid-3-ylmethyl)suberoamide yield three Cd(ii) coordination polymers that undergo reversible crystal-to-crystal transformation and linker exchange.
Construction of a MnCo2O4@NiyMx (S and P) crosslinked network for efficient electrocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Du Xiaoqiang , Fu Jianpeng , Zhang Xiaoshuang
Published: November 2019

Using MnCo2O4@Ni3S2 as a bifunctional water splitting catalyst, an overpotential of ∼370 mV is obtained at a very low cell voltage of 1.60 V with a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH.
Tracking amyloid oligomerization with monomer resolution using a 13-amino acid peptide with a backbone-fixed spin label
Authors: Zurlo E. , Gorroño Bikandi I. , Meeuwenoord N. J. , Filippov D. V. , Huber M.
Published: November 2019

95 GHz EPR resolves amyloid oligomer aggregation with unprecedented details of up to one monomer at a time.
Ferromagnetism in 2D organic iron hemoglobin crystals based on nitrogenated conjugated micropore materials
Authors: Pimachev Artem , Nielsen Robert D. , Karanovich Anri , Dahnovsky Yuri
Published: November 2019

We study an environmentally stable, low-cost two-dimensional ferromagnetic semiconductor with applications in biomedicine, solar cells, spintronics, and hydrogen storage.
Modulation doping of absorbent cotton derived carbon dots for quantum dot-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Huang Ping , Xu Shunjian , Zhang Meng , Zhong Wei , Xiao Zonghu , Luo Yongping
Published: November 2019

The relation among microstructure of CQD, three characteristics of CQD (namely the spectra, energy band structure and functional groups) and photoelectric properties of QDSC has been built, providing guidance for the modulation doping of CQD.
Facile synthesis and electrochemical Mg-storage performance of Sb2Se3 nanowires and Bi2Se3 nanosheets
Authors: Chen Dong , Zhang Yujie , Shen Jingwei , Li Xue , Chen Zhongxue , Cao Shun-an , Li Ting , Xu Fei
Published: November 2019

Sb2Se3 nanowires and Bi2Se3 nanosheets are investigated as conversion-type cathodes for rechargeable Mg batteries.
Selective hydrogenation via cascade catalysis on amorphous TiO2
Authors: Qiao Simeng , Zhou Yuanyi , Hao Hongchang , Liu Xuechen , Zhang Ling , Wang Wenzhong
Published: November 2019

Photocatalysis arises as a green, sustainable approach to conventional industrial catalysis for the synthesis of valuable organic chemicals from biomass.
Parametric optimization and spectral line selection for liquid sampling-atmospheric pressure glow discharge – optical emission spectroscopy
Authors: Hall Katja A. , Marcus R. Kenneth
Published: November 2019

A design of experiment parameterization and line selection study was successful in improving LS-APGD-OES analytical performance.
Focusing of sub-micrometer particles in microfluidic devices
Authors: Zhang Tianlong , Hong Zhen-Yi , Tang Shi-Yang , Li Weihua , Inglis David W. , Hosokawa Yoichiroh , Yalikun Yaxiaer , Li Ming
Published: November 2019

This work comprehensively reviews the fundamentals and applications of different types of microfluidic techniques for the focusing of sub-micrometer particles.
Best practices for reporting nanocatalytic performance: lessons learned from nitroarene reduction as a model reaction
Authors: Larm Nathaniel E. , Bhawawet Nakara , Thon Jason A. , Baker Gary A.
Published: November 2019

Absent explicit knowledge of catalyst loading, the apparent rate (kapp) is a totally meaningless measure of catalytic activity.
Enhanced performance of graphene transparent conductive films by introducing SiO2 bilayer antireflection nanostructure
Authors: Huang Yue , Lin Jiayi , Liu Liyue , Lu Qing , Zhang Xiaoling , Zhang Ganghua , Li Dezeng
Published: November 2019

The performance of graphene transparent conductive films (TCFs) can be greatly enhanced by introducing silica nanospheres/acid-catalyzed silica bilayer antireflection (AR) nanostructure.
A hollow core–shell structure material NiCo2S4@Ni2P with uniform heterojunction for efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution reaction
Authors: Zhao Sheng , Xu Jing , Liu Zeying , Li Yanru
Published: November 2019

Based on a bimetallic sulfide, a hollow core–shell structure material, NiCo2S4@Ni2P, with a uniform type-I heterojunction achieved efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution.
Green-light-induced melting of self-assembled azobenzene nano/microstructures
Authors: Abe Ikue , Han Mina
Published: November 2019

Nano/microstructures assembled from trigonal molecules with three ortho-dialkylated azobenzene wings exhibit green-light-induced melting, color tuning and fluorescence switching.
Two organic–inorganic hybrid polyoxotungstogermanates containing organic ligand chelated Fe–Dy heterometallic clusters and frequency dependent magnetic properties
Authors: Wu Shi-Yu , Wang Yong-Jiang , Jing Ji-Xin , Li Xin-Xiong , Sun Yan-Qiong , Zheng Shou-Tian
Published: November 2019

Two organic–inorganic hybrid polyoxotungstogermanates are constructed from organic ligand chelated Fe–Dy heterometallic clusters and [B-α-GeW9O34]10− units with frequency dependent magnetic properties.
PAA black holes, Khan, and Quora: mapping understanding of isotopes through existing data sources
Authors: Breslyn Wayne
Published: November 2019

Publicly available, learner-generated questions were used to develop a methodology for advancing the exploratory stages of science education research. Data from four complementary online sources were collected, analyzed, and compared to the extant research literature on the science education topic of isotopes, a challenging concept for many chemistry learners. Data from People Also Ask features on a popular search engine, questions in response to two videos (n = 770), and questions posted to two question and answer websites (n = 600 and n = 29 213) were analyzed. Multiple findings not present in the literature were detected across all data sources in this study. Findings suggest that these online sources can serve to inform research in science education by providing a rich, ecologically valid, and accessible source of data. Implications include the use of existing online data prior to initiating research, writing assessments, and developing curriculum for science topics as a means to achieve more robust and generalizable findings and instructional resources.
Enhanced oxygen exchange capacity in nano-structured vanadia–ceria multi-phase oxygen carriers for solar thermal fuel production
Authors: Riaz Asim , Ali Muhammad Umair , Lipiński Wojciech , Lowe Adrian
Published: November 2019

Developing an efficient redox material is a fundamental and crucial step in sustainable hydrocarbon fuel production via solar energy-driven thermochemical redox cycles.
High rate hybrid MnO2@CNT fabric anodes for Li-ion batteries: properties and a lithium storage mechanism study by in situ synchrotron X-ray scattering
Authors: Rana Moumita , Sai Avvaru Venkata , Boaretto Nicola , de la Peña O'Shea Víctor A. , Marcilla Rebeca , Etacheri Vinodkumar , Vilatela Juan J.
Published: November 2019

Unravelling lithium storage mechanism in high performance MnO2@CNT Li-ion battery anode by in situ X-ray synchrotron scattering.
Polyoxometalates as bifunctional templates: engineering metal oxides with mesopores and reactive surfaces for catalysis
Authors: Leng Yan , Liu Jixing , Zhang Zihao , Chen Hao , Zhang Pengfei , Dai Sheng
Published: November 2019

For the first time, Keggin type POMs were found to be excellent bifunctional templates for generating not only mesopores but also reactive surfaces in metal oxides.
The humidity-insensitive fabrication of efficient CsPbI3 solar cells in ambient air
Authors: Liang Lei , Li Zhizai , Zhou Faguang , Wang Qian , Zhang Hong , Xu Zhuo , Ding Liming , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Jin Zhiwen
Published: November 2019

CsPbI3 PSCs fabricated in an open environment (RH ∼ 50%) with an easy one-step anti-solvent hot-substrate spin-coating method achieved stable PCEs of up to 15.91%.
Realizing high comprehensive energy storage performance in lead-free bulk ceramics via designing an unmatched temperature range
Authors: Yang Zetian , Du Hongliang , Jin Li , Hu Qingyuan , Wang He , Li Yongfeng , Wang Jiafu , Gao Feng , Qu Shaobo
Published: November 2019

Simultaneous achievement of a large Wrec of 3.51 J cm−3 and a high η of 80.1% in 0.86NN–0.14BNH ceramics under 350 kV cm−1, leading to an excellent comprehensive energy storage performance in lead-free bulk ceramics.
Photo-sensitizing thin-film ferroelectric oxides using materials databases and high-throughput calculations
Authors: Plata Jose J. , Suárez Javier Amaya , Cuesta-López Santiago , Márquez Antonio M. , Sanz Javier Fdez.
Published: November 2019

Conventional solar cell efficiency is limited by the Shockley–Queisser limit. This is not the case for ferroelectric materials. In this work, a high-throughput approach to tune the electronic properties of thin-film ferroelectric oxides is presented.
Mitochondria-targeted cationic liposomes modified with alkyltriphenylphosphonium bromides loaded with hydrophilic drugs: preparation, cytotoxicity and colocalization assay
Authors: Kuznetsova Darya A. , Gaynanova Gulnara A. , Vasileva Leysan A. , Sibgatullina Guzel V. , Samigullin Dmitry V. , Sapunova Anastasiia S. , Voloshina Alexandra D. , Galkina Irina V. , Petrov Konstantin A. , Zakharova Lucia Ya.
Published: November 2019

Cationic liposomes were obtained based on 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine noncovalently modified using alkyltriphenylphosphonium bromides (TPPB-n) with different lengths of hydrocarbon tail for targeted delivery to mitochondria.
A family of all sp2-bonded carbon allotropes of topological semimetals with strain-robust nodal-lines
Authors: Zhao Zhiqiang , Zhang Zhuhua , Guo Wanlin
Published: November 2019

A family of all sp2-bonded, superelastic carbon allotropes of topological semimetals are predicted, exhibiting unusual strain-robust nodal-lines.
DNA methylation analysis for screening and diagnostic testing in neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Godler David E. , Amor David J.
Published: November 2019

DNA methylation (mDNA) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), however its use in diagnostic testing has been largely restricted to a handful of methods for locus-specific analysis in monogenic syndromes. Recent studies employing genome-wide methylation analysis (GWMA) have explored utility of a single array-based test to detect methylation changes in probands negative by exome sequencing, and to diagnose different monogenic NDDs with defined epigenetic signatures. While this may be a more efficient approach, several significant barriers remain. These include non-uniform and low coverage of regulatory regions that may have CG-rich sequences, and lower analytical sensitivity as compared with locus-specific analyses that may result in methylation mosaicism not being detected. A major challenge associated with the above technologies, regardless of whether the analysis is locus specific or genome wide, is the technical bias introduced by indirect analysis of methylation. This review summarizes evidence from the most recent studies in this field and discusses future directions, including direct analysis of methylation using long-read technologies and detection of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC or total mDNA) and 5-hydroxymethylacytosine (5-hmC) as biomarkers of NDDs.
Compact wideband four‐element MIMO antenna with high isolation
Authors: Kumar Saurabh A. , Singh Rathore P. , Kumar Meshram M.
Published: November 2019

A compact wideband four‐element multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna with high isolation is proposed in this Letter. The proposed MIMO antenna consists of a tapered microstrip line fed rectangular monopole antenna arranged in orthogonal symmetric fashion on the interconnected partial ground plane. The overall size of the proposed antenna is 35 × 35 × 0.8 mm3 with 9.5 mm edge‐to‐edge separation between a pair of radiating elements. The proposed MIMO antenna has a −10 dB fractional impedance bandwidth of 49.57% covering 4.4–7.3 GHz, encompassing sub‐6 GHz 5G (4.5 GHz), WLAN (5/5.2/5.8 GHz), WiMAX (5.5 GHz), HYPERLAN/1, 2, and ISM bands (5.2/5.8 GHz) applications. The proposed MIMO antenna has a minimum isolation value of 21 dB, maximum envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) value of 0.014 between antenna elements throughout the band. The measured results are found in good agreement with the simulated S‐parameters, radiation patterns, ECC, total active reflection coefficient, and channel capacity loss.
Research progress of semiconductive shielding layer of HVDC cable
Authors: Wei Yanhui , Han Wang , Li Guochang , Lei Qingquan , Fu Mingli , Hao Chuncheng , Zhang Guanjun
Published: November 2019

As an indispensable part of high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) cable, the semiconductive shielding layer plays the role of uniforming electric field in the cable. However, cable shielding materials >35 kV mainly rely on foreign imports in China, which belongs to the technical weak issues in the field of electrical materials. At present, there are few systematic reports on semiconductive shielding material of HVDC cable. In the work, the mechanisms of charge conduction and thermal conduction of semiconductive material have been introduced. Effect of raw material, carbon black content and the second conductive filler on the resistance characteristics of the semiconductive layer, the charge accumulation characteristics of the insulating layer and the interface characteristics have been studied. A kind of semiconductive layer as a high voltage terminal charge emission method has been proposed to study charge emission from the semiconducting layer to the insulation layer. This work can provide theoretical guidance for the research of semiconductive shielding materials.
Velocity‐free coordinated attitude synchronisation and tracking control of multiple spacecraft
Authors: Liu Xiaoping , Zou Yao , Meng Ziyang , You Zheng
Published: November 2019

This study investigates the coordinated attitude synchronisation and tracking problems of multiple spacecraft without angular velocity measurements. The spacecraft attitudes are represented by modified Rodrigues parameters. First, for the attitude synchronisation problem, a distributed control algorithm with local information interaction is developed by introducing two auxiliary systems to address the velocity‐free problem. Next, for the attitude tracking problem, the authors first design a non‐linear distributed observer for each follower spacecraft such that the leader reference information can be estimated accurately. By treating this estimation information as a reference, a tracking control with the help of an auxiliary system is then developed for the attitude tracking without using angular velocity measurements. For both cases, the asymptotic stability of the overall closed‐loop systems is proven in terms of Lyapunov theory. Finally, numerical examples are given to validate the effectiveness of the proposed distributed control algorithms.
First results from a large-scale proper motion study of the Galactic centre
Authors: Shahzamanian B. , Schödel R. , Nogueras-Lara F. , Dong H. , Gallego-Cano E. , Gallego-Calvente A. T. , Gardini A.
Published: November 2019

Proper motion studies of stars in the centre of the Milky Way have typically been limited to the Arches and Quintuplet clusters, and to the central parsec. Here we present the first results of a large-scale proper motion study of stars within several tens of parsecs of Sagittarius A* based on our 0.2″ angular resolution GALACTICNUCLEUS survey (epoch 2015) combined with NICMOS/HST data from the Paschen-α survey (epoch 2008). This comprises the first extensive proper motion study of the central ∼36′×16′ of the Galaxy, which is not covered adequately by any of the existing astronomical surveys, such as Gaia, because of the extreme interstellar extinction (AV ≳ 30 mag). Proper motions can help us to disentangle the different stellar populations along the line-of-sight and interpret their properties in combination with multi-wavelength photometry from GALACTICNUCLEUS and other sources. It also allows us to infer the dynamics and interrelationships between different stellar components (Galactic bulge, nuclear stellar disk, nuclear stellar cluster) of the Galactic centre (GC). In particular, we use proper motions to detect co-moving groups of stars which are able to trace low-mass or partially-dissolved young clusters in the GC that can hardly be discovered by any other means. Our pilot study for this work is based on a field in the nuclear bulge associated with HII regions that show the presence of young stars. We have detected the first group of co-moving stars coincident with an H II region. Using colour–magnitude diagrams, we have inferred that the co-moving stars are consistent with the post-main sequence stars with ages of few Myr. Simulations show that this group of stars is a real group that can indicate the existence of a dissolving or low-to-intermediate-mass young cluster. A census of these undiscovered clusters will ultimately help us to constrain star formation at the GC in the past few ten Myr.
Analgesie, Agitation und Delir-Management auf deutschen Intensivstationen
Authors: Hermes Carsten , Zoremba Norbert , Gutschow Markus M. , Hansen Hans-Christian , von Haken Rebecca , Engl Karin , Kindgen-Milles Detlef
Published: November 2019

Für ein erfolgreiches PAD-Management ist eine validierte Erfassung von Schmerz, Agitation und Delir erforderlich. Eine Implementierung erfolgt allerdings nur schleppend. Warum das schneller gehen sollte und was dazu nötig ist, hat ein interaktives Kasuistik-Forum ergeben, bei dem Ärzte und Pflegende gleichermaßen vertreten waren.
Das fiebernde Kind in der pädiatrischen Notaufnahme
Authors: Kranz Gesche
Published: November 2019

Wenn ein Kind in die Notaufnahme kommt, ist der häufigste Grund dafür Fieber. Für die erhöhte Körpertemperatur können viele Faktoren verantwortlich sein. In der Ersteinschätzung gilt es, Kinder mit besonderem Behandlungsbedarf zu identifizieren – eine große Herausforderung für die Pflege.
Mit Patientenmanagern die Anschlussversorgung sicherstellen
Authors: Schirbach Dominik , Supprian Claudia
Published: November 2019

Patienten werden auch von der Intensivstation aus entlassen. Mindestens aber wird der Entlassungsprozess dort mit der Aufnahme begonnen. Den Herausforderungen, die sich aus dem Organisationsprozess des Entlassmanagements ergeben, nehmen sich an der Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin die Patientenmanager an.
Das I-PACE Modell zur Beschreibung der Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung von internetbezogenen Störungen und anderen Verhaltenssüchten
Authors: Antons Stephanie , Brand Matthias
Published: November 2019

Das Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution Modell fasst, basierend auf der aktuellen Empirie und theoretischen Annahmen, die potentiellen Mechanismen zusammen, die zur Entwicklung und Aufrechterhaltung verschiedener internetbezogener Störungen und anderen Verhaltenssüchten beitragen. Zentrale Annahme des Modells ist, dass Effekte prädisponierender Merkmale einer Person in Interaktion mit affektiven und kognitiven Prozessen und in Interaktion mit Umweltvariablen bzw. mit digitalen Medien die Entwicklung einer spezifischen Verhaltenssucht begünstigen. Zu den affektiven und kognitiven Prozessen zählen Mechanismen der Reizreaktivität und Craving sowie eine Reduktion der Inhibitionskontrolle, welche vermutlich durch neurale Veränderungen in der Suchtentwicklung begünstigt werden. Wenngleich eine Gesamtprüfung des Modells für verschiedene internetbezogene Störungen und andere Verhaltenssüchte noch aussteht, ermöglicht es dennoch die Ableitung von Vorschlägen für die klinische Praxis.
Novel Aspects of White Adipose Tissue Browning by Thyroid
Hormones
Authors: Krause Kerstin
Published: November 2019

Thyroid hormones are essential for the full thermogenic capacity of brown adipose
tissue. The thermogenic response of brown adipocytes to thyroid hormones is
resulting from the synergistic interaction of thyroid hormones with the
sympathetic nervous system. In recent years, evidence has been provided that
thyroid hormones also induce the browning of white adipose tissues. This review
will provide a brief overview about the recent findings regarding the effects of
thyroid hormones on adipose tissue thermogenesis including central and
peripheral regulation of white adipose tissue browning.
Bioinspired Synthesis and Physical-Chemical Properties of a New 10-Methylpyrano-4′-hydroxyflavylium Chloride Salt
Authors: Cruz Luís , Gomes Vânia , Guimarães Marta , Gonçalves Gabriela , de Freitas Victor
Published: November 2019

A novel bioinspired 10-methylpyranoflavylium dye was synthesized. The dye was fully characterized by LC-DAD/ESI-MS and NMR 1D and 2D techniques, and its equilibrium constants towards pH variations were determined by UV–vis titration. These studies revealed the presence of three species (a flavylium cation AH+, a neutral quinoidal base A, and an anionic quinoidal base A–) in the pH range 1–12, driven by the two pK a values of the dye: pK a1 = 6.8 ± 0.1 and pK a2 = 10.8 ± 0.1. The first deprotonation of the dye occurs within the pH range for spoilage of many packed-food products, making the dye an excellent candidate for use as a pH sensor for real-time monitoring of the quality and freshness of foods.
Myomectomy for Multiple or Giant Uterine Fibroids
Authors: Hiramatsu Yuji
Published: November 2019

Myomectomy for diffuse leiomyomatosis and giant fibroid exceeding 30 cm in length is a particularly difficult operation. For diffuse leiomyomatosis, what kind of incision is put in and nucleated, how to suture the wound is a problem. In the case of giant fibroids, the degree of difficulty varies greatly depending on the site, size, and number of fibroid. The points should be taken into account at the time of surgery are as follows: (1) how to incision because incision becomes long, (2) how to remove multiple fibroids together, reduce incisional wounds, and reconstruct the uterus, (3) how to reduce the bleeding, how to suture not to leave a dead space. From the preoperative magnetic resonance imaging findings for each case, we will conduct surgery as far as possible to simulate, but, in fact, it is necessary to judge instantaneously at the time of laparotomy. It is necessary to see many difficult operations and acquire the judgment ability.
Anthropometric and Metabolic Responses in FTO rs9939609 Gene Polymorphism after a Multidisciplinary Lifestyle Intervention in Overweight and Obese Adolescents
Authors: Barbian Cláudia Daniela , Reuter Cézane Priscila , Renner Jane Dagmar Pollo , da Silva Priscila Tatiana , Klinger Elisa Inês , Hobkirk James Philip , de Moura Valim Andréia Rosane , Burgos Miria Suzana
Published: November 2019

Few studies show the potential changing effect of fat-mass and obesity-associated (FTO) rs9939609 gene on cardiometabolic risk after a lifestyle intervention. This study aims to evaluate whether overweight and obese adolescents, carriers of the risk genotypes for obesity of the FTO rs9939609 gene polymorphism, have different anthropometric and biochemical responses to an interdisciplinary intervention program. The quasi-experimental study involved 34 adolescents aged 10 to 15 years. Schoolchildren with AA/AT genotype decreased glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, there were no differences between the genotypes, suggesting that the “A” allele did not modify the subject's response to the intervention program.
Unilateral Hearing Loss Due to Cochlear Nerve Involvement as Isolated Symptom of a Primary Medulloblastoma
Authors: Magg Janine , Nägele Thomas , Alber Michael , Weichselbaum Annette , Ebinger Martin , Schuhmann Martin U.
Published: November 2019

Unilateral sensorineural hearing loss is a common symptom of vestibular schwannomas in adolescent patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 or sporadic vestibular schwannomas and is often the initial clinical feature. While rare cases of sensorineural impairment presenting as vision or hearing loss due to metastatic medulloblastoma are known, hearing loss as an isolated presenting symptom of primary malignant neuroepithelial tumors of the central nervous system has not been reported in the pediatric population so far. We present two adolescents with unilateral hearing loss due to cochlear nerve dysfunction as the only symptom of a primary nonmetastatic medulloblastoma of the WNT signaling pathway family members subgroup.
Improved inertial confinement fusion gamma reaction history 12C gamma-ray signal by direct subtraction
Authors: Meaney K. D. , Kim Y. H. , Herrmann H. W. , Geppert-Kleinrath H. , Hoffman N. M.
Published: November 2019

The Gamma Reaction History (GRH) diagnostic located at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) measures time resolved gamma rays released from inertial confinement fusion experiments by converting the emitted gamma rays into Cherenkov light. Imploded capsules have a bright 4.4 MeV gamma ray from fusion neutrons inelastically scattering with carbon atoms in the remaining ablator. The strength of the 4.4 MeV gamma ray line is proportional to the capsule’s carbon ablator areal density and can be used to understand the dynamics and energy budget of a carbon-based ablator capsule implosion. Historically, the GRH’s four gas cells use the energy thresholding from the Cherenkov process to forward fit an estimation of the experiment’s complete gamma ray spectrum by modeling the surrounding environment in order to estimate the 4.4 MeV neutron induced carbon gamma ray signal. However, the high number of variables, local minima, and uncertainties in detector sensitivities and relative timing had prevented the routine use of the forward fit to generate carbon areal density measurements. A new, more straightforward process of direct subtraction of deconvolved signals was developed to simplify the extraction of the carbon areal density. Beryllium capsules are used as a calibration to measure the capsule environment with no carbon signal. The proposed method is then used to appropriately subtract and isolate the carbon signal on shots with carbon ablators. The subtraction algorithm achieves good results across all major capsule campaigns, achieving similar results to the forward fit. This method is now routinely used to measure carbon areal density for NIF shots.
Analytical design of axial magnetic coils with systematically improved uniformity for miniature quantum devices
Authors: Zhang Yi , Li Yujiao , Jiang Qiyuan , Wang Zhiguo , Xia Tao , Luo Hui
Published: November 2019

We describe an analytical design method of shielding-coupled uniform magnetic coils for miniature quantum devices. The theoretical and simulation results point out that the 99% range along the symmetrical axis and the 50% range along the radius of the proposed m = 3 coils are uniform, and more important is that both the uniformity and the uniform region for these kinds of coils can be systematically improved only by adding more loops at specific places obtained from our analytical formula. A relevant experiment demonstrates the feasibility of this method and realizes the m = 3 coils with the inhomogeneity below 2.6 × 10−3 along nearly the whole symmetrical axis. In addition, a practical technology to remove the influence of the shielding’s nonideal gaps and openings is proposed and realized. All of these results are crucial for the miniaturization and high performance of quantum devices.
Stochastic embedding DFT: Theory and application to p-nitroaniline in water
Authors: Li Wenfei , Chen Ming , Rabani Eran , Baer Roi , Neuhauser Daniel
Published: November 2019

Over this past decade, we combined the idea of stochastic resolution of identity with a variety of electronic structure methods. In our stochastic Kohn-Sham density functional theory (DFT) method, the density is an average over multiple stochastic samples, with stochastic errors that decrease as the inverse square root of the number of sampling orbitals. Here, we develop a stochastic embedding density functional theory method (se-DFT) that selectively reduces the stochastic error (specifically on the forces) for a selected subsystem(s). The motivation, similar to that of other quantum embedding methods, is that for many systems of practical interest, the properties are often determined by only a small subsystem. In stochastic embedding DFT, two sets of orbitals are used: a deterministic one associated with the embedded subspace and the rest, which is described by a stochastic set. The method agrees exactly with deterministic calculations in the limit of a large number of stochastic samples. We apply se-DFT to study a p-nitroaniline molecule in water, where the statistical errors in the forces on the system (the p-nitroaniline molecule) are reduced by an order of magnitude compared with nonembedding stochastic DFT.
Pressure-enhanced electronic coupling of highly passivated quantum dot films to improve photovoltaic performance
Authors: Wang Yinglin , An Meiqi , Jia Yuwen , Wang Lei , Li Jinhuan , Weng Binbin , Zhang Xintong , Liu Yichun
Published: November 2019

PbS colloidal quantum dot solar cells (CQDSCs) have recently achieved remarkable performance enhancement due to the development of the phase-transfer ligand exchange (PTLE) method. However, the lack of compact packing of the PTLE-passivated CQDs impairs the interdot electronic coupling and thereby severely restricts further improvement in performance. To address this electronic coupling issue, we report a simple yet effective process of external pressure (0–2 MPa). We find that the interdot distance is reduced after the application of the pressure. Both optical and electrical measurements clearly demonstrate that the distance reduction can effectively strengthen the interdot electronic coupling, thus promoting the carrier transport of the CQD layer. However, too much pressure (>2 MPa) could accelerate the detrimental carrier recombination processes of CQDSCs. Accordingly, by optimizing the carrier transport and recombination processes, we achieve the maximum power conversion efficiency of 8.2% with a moderate pressure of 1.5 MPa, which is 25.5% higher than the solar cell without the external pressure. This effective strategy of external pressure could also be applied to other CQD-based optoelectronic devices to realize a better device performance.