bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Benefits of Using Process Indicators in Local Sustainability Monitoring: Lessons from a Dutch municipal ranking (1999–2014)
Authors: Niemann Ludger , Hoppe Thomas , Coenen Frans
Published: October 2016

The sustainability performance of cities is subject to an ever‐growing number of monitoring tools. While most initiatives work with outcome indicators that are generally associated with limited direct policy relevance, a minority of tools focuses on sustainability‐related processes and particularly local government policies. In this article, we explore the benefits, limitations and conditions under which this approach can function. While several process‐oriented tools offered to European local governments have lacked participation and foundered, the Local Sustainability Meter (LSM) has been widely used in the Netherlands, with close to 90% of all Dutch municipalities participating since 1999 in some of its multi‐year editions. An evaluative case study presented in this article shows that the LSM stimulated competition for policy performance, conceptual learning and the strengthening of local governance and inter‐municipal networks. The LSM's design choices of combining voluntary, transparent self‐assessments at periodic intervals with public rankings and awards proved to be an effective – and economic – way of disseminating sustainability policies. Its limitations include an inherent focus on generic, standardized policy prescriptions and little knowledge on actual sustainability outcomes. These findings are relevant for policy‐makers and developers of (local) sustainability monitoring tools. This study contributes to the growing literature on (i) sustainability policies and (ii) municipal monitoring and ranking tools. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Design and validation of an STR hexaplex assay for DNA profiling of grapevine cultivars
Authors: Drábek Jiří , Smolíková Michaela , Kalendar Ruslan , Pinto Fernando A. Lopes , Pavloušek Pavel , Klepárník Karel , Frébort Ivo
Published: October 2016

Although the analysis of length polymorphism at STR loci has become a method of choice for grape cultivar identification, the standardization of methods for this purpose lags behind that of methods for DNA profiling in human and animal forensic genetics. The aim of this study was thus to design and validate a grapevine STR protocol with a practically useful level of multiplexing. Using free bioinformatics tools, published primer sequences, and nucleotide databases, we constructed and optimized a primer set for the simultaneous analysis of six STR loci (VVIi51, scu08vv, scu05vv, VVMD17, VrZAG47, and VrZAG83) by multiplex PCR and CE with laser‐induced fluorescence, and tested it on 90 grape cultivars. The new protocol requires subnanogram quantities of the DNA template and enables automated, high‐throughput genetic analysis with reasonable discriminatory power. As such, it represents a step toward further standardization of grape DNA profiling.
Effects of pre‐fire age and health status on vulnerability to incapacitation and death from exposure to carbon monoxide and smoke irritants in Rosepark fire incident victims
Authors: Purser David A.
Published: October 2016

Age‐related decline and illness increase susceptibility to smoke and toxic fire gases, with incapacitation and death likely for lower exposures. Carbon monoxide (CO) in non‐burned fire fatalities as %COHb indicates the fatal ‘dose’ of toxic effluents (including CO and other toxic species). The elderly and infirm should be overcome earlier during a fire, with lower post‐mortem blood %COHb levels than younger fatalities. The Rosepark care home incident involved 18 elderly casualties (average age 85 years, range 61–99) with a variety of illnesses. Post‐mortem reports and health records provided %COHb concentrations at death or time of rescue, age and pre‐fire health status. To examine effects of health status on susceptibility, heart, circulation, lungs and general health conditions were classified on a 0–5 severity scale for each condition. Scores for each subject were plotted against age or %COHb and examined for trends. No increase in susceptibility to incapacitation was found for survivors. %COHb in fatalities (range 48–82% average 63% COHb) was similar to published levels for young adults (average 61% COHb). There was no increasing susceptibility with age or severity of lung or ‘other health’ conditions, but some trend with severity of cardiovascular disease, especially heart disease (statistically significant 5% level). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dissipation matrix and artificial heat conduction for Godunov‐type schemes of compressible fluid flows
Authors: Li Jiequan , Tian Baolin , Wang Shuanghu
Published: October 2016

This paper aims to reassess the Riemann solver for compressible fluid flows in Lagrangian frame from the viewpoint of modified equation approach and provides a theoretical insight into dissipation mechanism. It is observed that numerical dissipation vanishes uniformly for the Godunov‐type schemes in the sense that associated dissipation matrix has zero determinant if an exact or approximate Riemann solver is used to construct numerical fluxes in the Lagrangian frame. This fact connects to some numerical defects such as the wall‐heating phenomenon and start‐up errors. To cure these numerical defects, a traditional numerical viscosity is added, as well as the artificial heat conduction is introduced via a simple passage of the Lax–Friedrichs type discretization of internal energy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uptake of parasite‐derived vesicles by astrocytes and microglial phagocytosis of infected erythrocytes may drive neuroinflammation in cerebral malaria
Authors: Shrivastava Sandeep K. , Dalko Esther , Delcroix‐Genete Delphine , Herbert Fabien , Cazenave Pierre‐André , Pied Sylviane
Published: October 2016

Astrocytes and microglia are activated during cerebral malaria (CM) and contribute to the production and release of several mediators during neuroinflammatory processes. Whether these changes are the consequence of a direct crosstalk between glial cells and the malarial parasite and how these cells participate in the pathogenesis of CM is not yet clear. We therefore examined the interaction of astrocytes and microglia with Plasmodium berghei ANKA‐infected red blood cells using primary cell cultures derived from newborn C57BL/6 mice. We observed a dynamic transfer of vesicles from the parasite to astrocytes within minutes of contact, and the phagocytosis of infected red blood cells by microglia. Differential gene expression studies using the Affymetrix GeneChip® microarray, and quantitative PCR analyses showed the increase in expression of the set of genes belonging to the immune response network in parasite activated astrocytes and microglia. Interestingly, expression of these genes was also significantly upregulated in brains of mice dying from CM compared with uninfected mice or infected mice that did not develop the neuropathology. Accumulation of parasite‐derived vesicles within astrocytes, and the phagocytosis of infected red blood cells by microglia induced a subsequent increase in interferon gamma inducible protein 10 (IP10) in both the brain and plasma of infected mice at the onset of CM, confirming a role for this molecule in CM pathogenesis. Altogether, these observations point to a possible role for glial cells in the neuropathological processes leading to CM. GLIA 2016 GLIA 2017;65:75–92
Time trends in the health care burden and mortality of acute on chronic liver failure in the United States
Authors: Allen Alina M. , Kim W. Ray , Moriarty James P. , Shah Nilay D. , Larson Joseph J. , Kamath Patrick S.
Published: October 2016

Acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) is associated with multisystem organ failure and poor prognosis in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis. We aimed to determine time trends in the epidemiology, economic burden, and mortality of ACLF in the United States. The National Inpatient Sample database was queried between 2001 and 2011. ACLF was defined as two or more extrahepatic organ failures in patients with cirrhosis. The primary outcomes were trends in hospitalizations, hospital costs, and inpatient mortality. The number of hospitalizations for cirrhosis in the United States nearly doubled from 371,000 in 2001 to 659,000 in 2011. The prevalence of ACLF among those hospitalizations increased from 1.5% (n = 5,400) to 5% (n = 32,300). The inpatient costs increased 2‐fold for cirrhosis ($4.8 billion to $9.8 billion) and 5‐fold ($320 million to $1.7 billion) for ACLF. In 2011, the cost per hospitalization for ACLF was 3.5‐fold higher than that for cirrhosis ($53,570 versus $15,193). The in‐hospital fatality rates decreased from 65% to 50% for ACLF and from 10% to 7% for cirrhosis. The organ failure trends in ACLF showed an increasing proportion of cardiovascular and cerebral and decreasing proportion of respiratory and renal failure. Age, male sex, and the number and types of organ failure were predictors of death in ACLF. Conclusion: Cirrhosis and ACLF represent a substantial and increasing health and economic burden in the United States; these data highlight an urgent need for research on pathophysiological mechanisms and effective therapy as well as for education of health care providers of its importance in the care of patients with cirrhosis. (Hepatology 2016;64:2165‐2172).
Hydrologic response of engineered media in living roofs and bioretention to large rainfalls: experiments and modeling
Authors: Liu Ruifen , Fassman‐Beck Elizabeth
Published: October 2016

The hydrologic response of engineered media plays an important role in determining a stormwater control measure's ability to reduce runoff volume, flow rate, timing, and pollutant loads. Five engineered media, typical of living roof and bioretention stormwater control measures, were investigated in laboratory column experiments for their hydrologic responses to steady, large inflow rates. The inflow, medium water content response, and outflow were all measured. The water flow mechanism (uniform flow vs. preferential flow) was investigated by analyzing medium water content response in terms of timing, magnitude, and sequence with depth. Modeling the hydrologic process was conducted in the HYDRUS‐1D software, applying the Richards equation for uniform flow modeling, and a mobile–immobile model for preferential flow modeling. Uniform flow existed in most cases, including all initially dry living roof media with bimodal pore size distributions and one bioretention medium with unimodal pore size distribution. The Richards equation can predict the outflow hydrograph reasonably well for uniform flow conditions when medium hydraulic properties are adequately represented by appropriate functions. Preferential flow was found in two media with bimodal pore size distributions. The occurrence of preferential flow is more likely due to the interaction between the bimodal pore structure and the initial water content rather than the large inflow rate.
Water storage dynamics in a till hillslope: the foundation for modeling flows and turnover times
Authors: Amvrosiadi Nino , Seibert Jan , Grabs Thomas , Bishop Kevin
Published: October 2016

Studies on hydrology, biogeochemistry, or mineral weathering often rely on assumptions about flow paths, water storage dynamics, and transit times. Testing these assumptions requires detailed hydrometric data that are usually unavailable at the catchment scale. Hillslope studies provide an alternative for obtaining a better understanding, but even on such well‐defined and delimited scales, it is rare to have a comprehensive set of hydrometric observations from the water divide down to the stream that can constrain efforts to quantify water storage, movement, and turnover time. Here, we quantified water storage with daily resolution in a hillslope during the course of almost an entire year using hydrological measurements at the study site and an extended version of the vertical equilibrium model. We used an exponential function to simulate the relationship between hillslope discharge and water table; this was used to derive transmissivity profiles along the hillslope and map mean pore water velocities in the saturated zone. Based on the transmissivity profiles, the soil layer transmitting 99% of lateral flow to the stream had a depth that ranged from 8.9 m at the water divide to under 1 m closer to the stream. During the study period, the total storage of this layer varied from 1189 to 1485 mm, resulting in a turnover time of 2172 days. From the pore water velocities, we mapped the time it would take a water particle situated at any point of the saturated zone anywhere along the hillslope to exit as runoff. Our calculations point to the strengths as well as limitations of simple hydrometric data for inferring hydrological properties and water travel times in the subsurface.
Refusal Self‐Efficacy Among SMART Recovery Members by Affiliation Length and Meeting Frequency
Authors: O'Sullivan Deirdre , Watts Justin R. , Xiao Yi , Bates‐Maves Julie
Published: October 2016

Using the Brief Situational Confidence Questionnaire, the authors examined the refusal self‐efficacy of 105 Self‐Management and Recovery Training (SMART Recovery) members according to their affiliation length and meeting frequency. Results demonstrated that longer affiliation with SMART Recovery and higher meeting frequency significantly enhanced substance refusal self‐efficacy.
Examining College Counselors' Integration of Religion and Spirituality Into Substance Abuse Counseling
Authors: Giordano Amanda , Prosek Elizabeth , Hastings Tessa
Published: October 2016

The authors explored college counselors' (N = 77) integration of religion and spirituality into substance abuse counseling. Results indicated a discrepancy between the importance ratings of religion and spirituality and the frequency of using such elements in counseling practice.
Improved human endometrial stem cells differentiation into functional hepatocyte‐like cells on a glycosaminoglycan/collagen‐grafted polyethersulfone nanofibrous scaffold
Authors: Khademi Farzaneh , Ai Jafar , Soleimani Masoud , Verdi Javad , Mohammad Tavangar Seyed , Sadroddiny Esmaeil , Massumi Mohammad , Mahmoud Hashemi Seyed
Published: October 2016

Liver tissue engineering (TE) is rapidly emerging as an effective technique which combines engineering and biological processes to compensate for the shortage of damaged or destroyed liver tissues. We examined the viability, differentiation, and integration of hepatocyte‐like cells on an electrospun polyethersulfone (PES) scaffold, derived from human endometrial stem cells (hEnSCs). Natural polymers were separately grafted on plasma‐treated PES nanofibers, that is, collagen, heparan sulfate (HS) and collagen–HS. Galactosilated PES (PES‐Gal) nanofibrous were created. The engineering and cell growth parameters were considered and compared with each sample. The cellular studies revealed increased cell survival, attachment, and normal morphology on the bioactive natural polymer‐grafted scaffolds after 30 days of hepatic differentiation. The chemical and molecular assays displayed hepatocyte differentiation. These cells were also functional, showing glycogen storage, α‐fetoprotein, and albumin secretion. The HS nanoparticle‐grafted PES nanofibers demonstrated a high rate of cell proliferation, differentiation, and integration. Based on the observations mentioned above, engineered tissue is a good option in the future, for the commercial production of three‐dimensional liver tissues for clinical purposes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2516–2529, 2017.
Characterization and biocompatibility evaluation of bacterial cellulose‐based wound dressing hydrogel: effect of electron beam irradiation doses and concentration of acrylic acid
Authors: Mohamad Najwa , Buang Fhataheyah , Mat Lazim Azwan , Ahmad Naveed , Martin Claire , Mohd Amin Mohd Cairul Iqbal
Published: October 2016

The use of bacterial cellulose (BC)‐based hydrogel has been gaining attention owing to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. This study was designed to investigate the effect of radiation doses and acrylic acid (AA) composition on in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of BC/AA as wound dressing materials. Physical properties of the hydrogel, that is, thickness, adhesiveness, rate of water vapor transmission, and swelling were measured. Moreover, the effect of these parameters on skin irritation and sensitization, blood compatibility, and cytotoxicity was studied. Increased AA content and irradiation doses increased the thickness, crosslinking density, and improved the mechanical properties of the hydrogel, but reduced its adhesiveness. The swelling capacity of the hydrogel increased significantly with a decrease in the AA composition in simulated wound fluid. The water vapor permeability of polymeric hydrogels was in the range of 2035–2666 [g/(m−2 day−1)]. Dermal irritation and sensitization test demonstrated that the hydrogel was nonirritant and nonallergic. The BC/AA hydrogel was found to be nontoxic to primary human dermal fibroblast skin cells with viability >88% and was found to be biocompatible with blood with a low hemolytic index (0.80–1.30%). Collectively, these results indicate that these hydrogels have the potential to be used as wound dressings. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2553–2564, 2017.
Metabolic Fate of Branched‐Chain Amino Acids During Adipogenesis, in Adipocytes From Obese Mice and C2C12 Myotubes
Authors: Estrada‐Alcalde Isabela , Tenorio‐Guzman Miriam R. , Tovar Armando R. , Salinas‐Rubio Daniela , Torre‐Villalvazo Ivan , Torres Nimbe , Noriega Lilia G.
Published: October 2016

Branched‐chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism is regulated by the branched‐chain aminotransferase (BCAT2) and the branched‐chain α‐keto acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDH). BCAT2 and BCKDH expression and activity are modified during adipogenesis and altered in adipose tissues of mice with genetic or diet‐induced obesity. However, little is known about how these modifications and alterations affect the intracellular metabolic fate of BCAAs during adipogenesis, in adipocytes from mice fed a control or high‐fat diet or in C2C12 myotubes. Here, we demonstrate that BCAAs are mainly incorporated into proteins during the early stages of adipocyte differentiation. However, they are oxidized and incorporated into lipids during the late days of differentiation. Conversely, 92% and 97% of BCAA were oxidized, 1.6% and 6% were used for protein synthesis and 1.2% and 1.5% were incorporated into lipids in adipocytes from epididymal and subcutaneous adipose tissue, respectively. All three pathways were decreased in adipocytes from mice fed a high‐fat diet. In C2C12 myotubes, leucine is mainly used for protein synthesis and palmitate is incorporated into lipids. Interestingly, leucine decreased both palmitate oxidation and its incorporation to lipids and proteins; and palmitate increased leucine oxidation and decreased its incorporation to lipids and proteins in a dose‐dependent manner. These results demonstrate that BCAA metabolic fate differs between the early and late stages of adipocyte differentiation and in adipocytes from mice fed a control or high‐fat diet; and that leucine affects the metabolic fate of palmitate and vice versa in C2C12 myotubes. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 808–818, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Epigenetic Signatures at the RUNX2‐P1 and Sp7 Gene Promoters Control Osteogenic Lineage Commitment of Umbilical Cord‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Sepulveda Hugo , Aguilar Rodrigo , Prieto Catalina P. , Bustos Francisco , Aedo Sócrates , Lattus José , van Zundert Brigitte , Palma Veronica , Montecino Martin
Published: October 2016

Wharton's Jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ‐MSCs) are an attractive potential source of multipotent stem cells for bone tissue replacement therapies. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in their osteogenic conversion are poorly understood. Particularly, epigenetic control operating at the promoter regions of the two master regulators of the osteogenic program, RUNX2/P57 and SP7 has not yet been described in WJ‐MSCs. Via quantitative PCR profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) studies, here we analyze the ability of WJ‐MSCs to engage osteoblast lineage. In undifferentiated WJ‐MSCs, RUNX2/P57 P1, and SP7 promoters are found deprived of significant levels of the histone post‐translational marks that are normally associated with transcriptionally active genes (H3ac, H3K27ac, and H3K4me3). Moreover, the RUNX2 P1 promoter lacks two relevant histone repressive marks (H3K9me3 and H3K27me3). Importantly, RUNX2 P1 promoter is found highly enriched in the H3K4me1 mark, which has been shown recently to mediate gene repression of key regulatory genes. Upon induction of WJ‐MSCs osteogenic differentiation, we found that RUNX2/P57, but not SP7 gene expression is strongly activated, in a process that is accompanied by enrichment of activating histone marks (H3K4me3, H3ac, and H3K27ac) at the P1 promoter region. Histone mark analysis showed that SP7 gene promoter is robustly enriched in epigenetic repressive marks that may explain its poor transcriptional response to osteoblast differentiating media. Together, these results point to critical regulatory steps during epigenetic control of WJ‐MSCs osteogenic lineage commitment that are relevant for future applications in regenerative medicine. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2519–2527, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lipase based static emulsions as efficient biocatalysts for biodiesel production
Authors: Ma Li , Zhou Liya , Jiang Yanjun , He Ying , Wang Lihui , Gao Jing
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND

Enzymatic production of biodiesel is an alternative solution to circumvent the problems associated with chemical catalysis. However, the drawbacks, including lower stability and reusability of the lipase, often make this route unfeasible for industrial application.

RESULTS

A stable biocatalyst system was prepared by trapping an aqueous solution of Burkholderiacepacia lipase (BCL) in bead‐shaped silicone microspheres (named lipase‐based static emulsions). Compared with free BCL, lipase‐based static emulsions showed outstanding stability under vigorous shaking conditions and the thermal stability was improved. The lipase‐based static emulsions were employed to catalyze the transesterification of soybean oil with ethanol for biodiesel production. Under the optimum conditions, about 95.42% of FAEE yield was achieved in 30 h. In addition, the lipase‐based static emulsions presented good reusability, and the FAEE yield remained at more than 70.63% after 15 successive reaction cycles. The lipase‐based static emulsions were also used to catalyze the transesterification of jatropha oil and cottonseed oil with ethanol for biodiesel production, and the maximum FAEE yield was 96.10% and 90.39%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Lipase‐based static emulsions were developed as robust biocatalysts by trapping an aqueous solution of lipase in silicone microspheres. The lipase‐based static emulsions catalyzed process may be a suitable technique for biodiesel production. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Optimizing dilute phosphoric acid pretreatment of wheat straw in the laboratory and in a demonstration plant for ethanol and edible fungal biomass production using Neurospora intermedia
Authors: Nair Ramkumar B , Lundin Magnus , Lennartsson Patrik R , Taherzadeh Mohammad J
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND

A method is described that uses dilute phosphoric acid for wheat straw pretreatment and subsequent ethanol and fungal biomass production with the edible fungus Neurospora intermedia. Dilute phosphoric acid pretreatment of wheat straw was optimized at a laboratory scale, and the results were validated in a biorefinery demonstration plant for the first time. The various conditions for the dilute acid pretreatment include such factors as phosphoric acid concentrations (0.5–3.0% w/v), temperature (150–210 °C), and reaction time (5–20 min).

RESULTS

The optimal pretreatment conditions were determined as an acid concentration of 1.75% (w/v) at a temperature of 190 °C for 15 min, based on the maximum enzymatic digestibility with the minimum inhibitor release. The efficiency of enzymatic polysaccharide hydrolysis was 36% for untreated straw and 86% for straw pretreated with dilute phosphoric acid. Scale up of the pretreatment at a biorefinery demonstration plant improved the process, with the subsequent efficiency of polysaccharide hydrolysis being 95% of the theoretical maximum. Ethanol fermentation of enzymatically hydrolyzed wheat straw using N. intermedia showed an improvement in the ethanol yield from 29% (with untreated straw) to 94% (with dilute phosphoric acid pretreated straw) of the theoretical maximum.

CONCLUSION

This study opens up an alternative strategy for the efficient use of wheat straw for the production of ethanol and edible fungal biomass in existing wheat‐to‐ethanol plants. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Muscle and nerve net organization in stalked jellyfish (Medusozoa: Staurozoa)
Authors: Westlake Hannah E. , Page Louise R.
Published: October 2016

Staurozoan cnidarians display an unusual combination of polyp and medusa characteristics and their morphology may be informative about the evolutionary origin of medusae. We studied neuromuscular morphology of two staurozoans, Haliclystus ‘sanjuanensis’ and Manania handi, using whole mount immunohistochemistry with antibodies against FMRFamide and α‐tubulin to label neurons and phalloidin to label muscles. All muscles appeared to lack striations. Longitudinal interradial muscles are probable homologues of stalk muscles in scyphopolyps, but in adult staurozoans they are elaborated to inwardly flex marginal lobes of the calyx during prey capture; these muscles are pennate in M. handi. Manubrial perradial muscles, like the manubrium itself, are an innovation shared with pelagic medusae and manubrial interradial muscles are shared with scyphozoan ephyra. Marginal muscles of M. handi displayed occasional synchronous contraction reminiscent of a medusa swim pulse, but contractions were not repetitive. The nerve net in both species showed regional variation in density and orientation of neurons. Some areas labeled predominantly by α‐tubulin antibodies (exumbrellar epidermis), other areas labeled exclusively by FMRFamide antibodies (dense plexus of neurites surrounding the base of secondary tentacles, neuronal concentration at the base of transformed primary tentacles; gastrodermal nerve net), but most areas showed a mix of neurons labeled by these two antibodies and frequent co‐labeling of neurons. Transformed primary tentacles had a concentration of FMRFamide‐immunoreactive neurons at their base that was associated with a pigment spot in M. handi; this is consistent with their homology with rhopalia of medusae, which are also derived from primary tentacles. The muscular system of these staurozoans embodies characteristics of both scyphopolyps and pelagic medusae. However, their nerve net is more polyp‐like, although marginal concentrations of the net associated with primary and secondary tentacles may facilitate the richer behavioral repertoire of staurozoans relative to polyps of other medusozoans. J. Morphol. 278:29–49, 2017. ©© 2016 Wiley Periodicals,Inc.
Diagnosis of Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation using fetal MRI
Authors: Zhou Li‐Xia , Dong Su‐Zhen , Zhang Ming‐Feng
Published: October 2016

Purpose

To present three fetal vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations (VGAMs), which were diagnosed through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and highlight these cardiovascular findings.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively reviewed three fetuses with VGAM at 31, 32, and 33 weeks of gestation. Feeding arteries and draining veins were observed by MRI. Secondary changes in the brain and high‐output heart failure caused by high blood flow in the lesion were evaluated. Two fetuses were born, and neonatal MRI was performed. One fetus was terminated.

Results

A characteristic dilated structure in the midline of the brain presented in each fetus. The arteriovenous fistula led to anatomical brain changes such as in the hydrocephalus, dilated feeding vessels (one or more), jugular vein, and/or superior vena cava. Substantial brachiocephalic vessel dilation was observed in two fetuses. Following parturition, one baby had neonatal asphyxia and sinus thrombosis, and MRI revealed hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy. Cardiomegaly was detected in all three cases.

Conclusion

With a large field of view, fetal MRI can observe brain VGAM, as well as the heart and affected large vessels. It can determine hydrocephalus, ischemia, intracranial hemorrhage, and sinus thrombosis. Providing such information on the infant's entire body can aid clinicians in determining the most appropriate treatment.

Level of Evidence: 4

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1535–1539.
Long‐term trend analysis in climate variables and agricultural adaptation strategies to climate change in the Senegal River Basin
Authors: Djaman Koffi , Balde Alpha B. , Rudnick Daran R. , Ndiaye Ousmane , Irmak Suat
Published: October 2016

The objectives of this study were to investigate the trend in annual precipitation, sunshine duration, wind speed (u
2), and annual and monthly minimum temperature (T
min), maximum temperature (T
max), and relative humidity (RH) and the adaptation strategies for the Senegal River Basin. Annual precipitation, T
min, T
max, RH, sunshine duration, and u
2 for the period of 1950–2000 recorded at St‐Louis, Bakel, Dagana, Fanaye, Podor, and Matam have been analysed using the Mann–Kendall test and Sen's slope estimator. Annual precipitation varied with location from 900 mm registered in 1967 at Bakel to 32 mm obtained at Dagana in 1986. A significant decreasing trend (p < 0.001) in precipitation was observed at Podor, Dagana, Matam, Bakel, and St‐Louis. A non‐significant decreasing trend in annual precipitation was observed at Fanaye Dieri. There was a significant increasing trend (p < 0.001) in T
max and T
min at all locations. Sunshine duration had a significant decreasing trend at Podor, Matam, and St‐Louis at the rate of 0.27, 0.28, and 0.35 h decade−1, respectively. RH and u
2 have differences in their trends, with the first one showing a strong and significant decrease and u
2 with less significance in their trends. The trend analysis in the climate variables revealed a change in climate that necessitates some specific actions for resources management sustainability and conservation.
A Collaborative Process Model for Promoting Successful Referrals in College Counseling
Authors: Iarussi Melanie M. , Shaw Brian M.
Published: October 2016

The need to refer students to off‐campus mental health providers is common in college counseling. Such referrals can be challenging for college counselors who strive to meet students' counseling needs while adhering to ethical and center policy guidelines. In this article, the authors explore the nature and challenges of referral in college counseling settings and introduce a collaborative process model to enhance the likelihood of successful referrals. A case study is provided to illustrate the model.
A cross‐sectional study of patient and provider perception of “cure” as a goal of cancer surgery
Authors: Winner Megan , Wilson Ana , Yahanda Alexander , Kim Yuhree , Pawlik Timothy M.
Published: October 2016

Background and Objective

Patients with advanced cancer often misperceive the purpose and likely effectiveness of cancer treatments. The aim of this study was to characterize patient and provider perceptions in the setting of surgery for potentially curable cancer.

Methods

One hundred and six patient‐surgeon dyads were surveyed about their expectations for upcoming surgery. Items scored using a Likert scale were compared using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.

Results

Patients and surgeons reported excellent communication and shared decision‐making. Patients more often than surgeons perceived that surgery was “Likely” or “Very Likely” to cure their cancer (86.0% vs. 72.0%, P = 0.011), extend their lives (94.0% vs. 82.0%, P = 0.007), and relieve cancer‐related symptoms (65.0% vs. 35.0%, P < 0.001). Patients less often felt that surgery would be associated with complications (33.0% vs. 48.0%, P = 0.016). Over half (53.9%) of patients believed that they were more likely to experience surgical cancer cure compared with someone else with the same diagnosis while 70.8% of surgeons declared a patient's relative chances of surgical cure “the same.”

Conclusions

Patients with resectable lung and gastrointestinal cancers have more optimistic perceptions about the outcomes of an upcoming surgery than their surgeons, even in a setting of good communication and shared decision‐making. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:677–683. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Radiologic follow‐up of untreated enchondroma and atypical cartilaginous tumors in the long bones
Authors: Deckers Claudia , Schreuder Bart H.W. , Hannink Gerjon , de Rooy Jacky W.J. , van der Geest Ingrid C.M.
Published: October 2016

Background and Objectives

Both enchondroma and atypical cartilaginous tumors (ACT) are not considered malignant, so inactive and asymptomatic tumors might not need surgery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that has been done to evaluate the natural course of conservative‐treated enchondroma and ACT in the long bones.

Methods

For this retrospective study, we analyzed the results of patients in whom we refrained from surgery and only regularly performed radiological follow‐up of the tumor. Minimal follow‐up after initial diagnosis was 24 months.

Results

Forty‐nine patients were included in this study. Eight out of forty‐nine cases received surgical treatment during follow‐up of the tumor. The reasons for this surgery were radiologic growth of the tumor in two cases, pain in one case, patient request in three cases, another indication for surgery in the same limb in two cases.

Conclusion

In this small series of conservatively treated enchondroma and ACT, only 6% of the patients had a medical indication for surgery. This study shows that indication for surgery should be discussed more thoroughly. Based on our results, we would recommend annual radiologic follow‐up for asymptomatic enchondroma or ACT in the long bones, irrespective of tumor size. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:987–991. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development and validation of a capillary electrophoresis method for the characterization of sulfoethyl cellulose
Authors: Harnisch Henrik , Hühner Jens , Neusüß Christian , Koschella Andreas , Heinze Thomas , Scriba Gerhard K. E.
Published: October 2016

To characterize sulfoethyl cellulose el samples, a capillary electrophoresis method was developed and validated sulfoethyl cellulose el was hydrolyzed, and the resulting d‐glucose derivatives were analyzed after reductive amination with 4‐aminobenzoic acid using 150 mM boric acid, pH 9.5, as background electrolyte at 20°C and a voltage of 28 kV. Peak identification was derived from capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry using 25 mM ammonia adjusted to pH 6.2 by acetic acid as electrolyte. Besides mono‐, di‐, and trisulfoethyl d‐glucose small amounts of disaccharides could be identified resulting from incomplete hydrolysis. The linearity of the borate buffer‐based capillary electrophoresis method was evaluated using d‐glucose in the concentration range of 3.9–97.5 μg/mL, while limits of detection and quantification derived from the signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3 and 10 were 0.4 ± 0.1 and 1.2 ± 0.3 μg/mL, respectively. Reproducibility and intermediate precision were determined using a hydrolyzed sulfoethyl cellulose el sample and ranged between 0.2 and 8.8% for migration times and between 0.3 and 10.4% for peak area. The method was applied to the analysis of the degree of substitution of synthetic sulfoethyl cellulose el samples obtained by variation of the synthetic process and compared to data obtained by elemental analysis.
Solid‐phase microextraction of ultra‐trace amounts of tramadol from human urine by using a carbon nanotube/flower‐shaped zinc oxide hollow fiber
Authors: Abbasian Maryam , Balali‐Mood Mahdi , Mozaffari Sayed Ahmad , Amoli Hossein Salar
Published: October 2016

A new method is successfully developed for the separation and determination of a very low amount of tramadol in urine using functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes/flower‐shaped zinc oxide before solid‐phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography. Under ultrasonic agitation, a sol of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and flower‐shaped zinc oxide were forced into and trapped within the pore structure of the polypropylene and the sol solution immobilized into the hollow fiber. Flower‐shaped zinc oxide was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The morphology of the fabricated solid‐phase microextraction surface was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The parameters affecting the extraction efficiencies were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the method shows linearity in a wide range of 0.12–7680 ng/mL, and a low detection limit (S/N = 3) of 0.03 ng/mL. The precision of the method was determined and a relative standard deviation of 3.87% was obtained. This method was successfully applied for the separation and determination of tramadol in urine samples. The relative recovery percentage obtained for the spiked urine sample at 1000 ng/mL was 94.2%.
Peakon, pseudo‐peakon, cuspon and smooth solitons for a nonlocal Kerr‐like media
Authors: Zhao Haixia , Tang Shengqiang
Published: October 2016

This paper presents all possible exact explicit peakon, pseudo‐peakon, cuspon and smooth solitary wave solutions for a nonlocal Kerr‐like media. We apply the method of dynamical systems to analyze the dynamical behavior of the traveling wave solutions and their bifurcations depending on the parameters of the system. We present peakon, pseudo‐peakon, cuspon soliton solution in an explicit form. We also have obtained smooth soliton. Mathematical analysis and numeric graphs are provided for those soliton solutions of the nonlocal Kerr‐like media. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of feature spacing when injection molding parts with microstructured surfaces
Authors: Birkar Smita , Mendible Gabriel , Park Jin‐Goo , Mead Joey L. , Johnston Stephen P. , Barry Carol M. F.
Published: October 2016

The effects of microfeature spacing on the replication of thermoplastic elastomer features was investigated using micropillars with two diameters (10 μm and 20 μm) and three spacing ratios (0.5:1, 1:1, and 2:1). The tooling and part features were characterized for feature depth and height as well as feature definition using scanning electron microscopy and optical profilometry. Filling simulations provided insight into the process. Feature spacing significantly affected the replication of micropillars using a thermoplastic elastomer. This replication was competition between pressurization, relaxation, and cooling of the melt. Higher pressures generally improved feature replication, but did not always create perfect replication. Relaxation of the highly aligned polymer chains and cooling effects restricted filling, tended to reduce feature height, and increase feature diameters. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 56:1330–1338, 2016. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Temperature‐induced structural changes in even‐odd nylons with long polymethylene segments
Authors: Olmo Cristian , Rota Ramon , Carlos Martínez Juan , Puiggalí Jordi , Franco Lourdes
Published: October 2016

Structural transitions of nylons 8 9 and 12 9 heating and cooling processes were investigated using calorimetric, spectroscopic during and real time X‐ray diffraction data. These even‐odd nylons had three polymorphic forms related to structures where hydrogen bonds were established in two planar directions. Heating processes showed a first structural transition at low temperature where the two strong reflections related to the packing mode of the low temperature structure (form I) disappeared instead of moving together and merging into a single reflection, as observed for conventional even‐even nylons. The high temperature structure corresponded to a typical pseudohexagonal packing (form III) attained after the named Brill transition temperature. Structural transitions were not completely reversible since an intermediate structure (form II) became clearly predominant at room temperature in subsequent cooling processes.

A single spherulitic morphology with negative birefringence and a flat‐on edge‐on lamellar disposition was obtained when the two studied polyamides crystallized from the melt state. Kinetic analyses indicated that both nylons crystallized according to a single regime and a thermal nucleation. Results also pointed out a secondary nucleation constant for nylon 12 9 higher than that for nylon 8 9, suggesting greater difficulty in crystallizing when the amide content decreased. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 2494–2506
The interaction between synoptic‐scale balanced flow and a finite‐amplitude mesoscale wave field throughout all atmospheric layers: weak and moderately strong stratification
Authors: Achatz U. , Ribstein B. , Senf F. , Klein R.
Published: October 2016

The interaction between locally monochromatic finite‐amplitude mesoscale waves, their nonlinearly induced higher harmonics, and a synoptic‐scale flow is reconsidered, both in the tropospheric regime of weak stratification and in the stratospheric regime of moderately strong stratification. A review of the basic assumptions of quasi‐geostrophic theory on an f‐plane yields all synoptic scales in terms of a minimal number of natural variables, i.e. two out of the speed of sound, gravitational acceleration and Coriolis parameter. The wave scaling is defined so that all spatial and temporal scales are shorter by one order in the Rossby number, and by assuming their buoyancy field to be close to static instability. WKB theory is applied, with the Rossby number as scale separation parameter, combined with a systematic Rossby‐number expansion of all fields. Classic results for synoptic‐scale‐flow balances and inertia‐gravity‐wave (IGW) dynamics are recovered. These are supplemented by explicit expressions for the interaction between mesoscale geostrophic modes (GMs), a possibly somewhat overlooked agent of horizontal coupling in the atmosphere, and the synoptic‐scale flow. It is shown that IGW higher harmonics are slaved to the basic IGW, and that their amplitude is one order of magnitude smaller than the basic‐wave amplitude. GM higher harmonics are not that weak and they are in intense nonlinear interaction between themselves and the basic GM. Compressible dynamics plays a significant role in the stratospheric stratification regime, where anelastic theory would yield insufficient results. Supplementing classic derivations, it is moreover shown that, in the absence of mesoscale waves, quasi‐geostrophic theory holds also in the stratospheric stratification regime.
Strategic Sustainability Procedures: Focusing Business Strategic Planning on the Socio‐Ecological System in an Island Context
Authors: Telesford John N. , Strachan Peter A.
Published: October 2016

This article illustrates how strategic sustainability procedures (SSPs) can be applied in the tourism accommodation sector in the Caribbean island of Grenada. SSPs are conceptualized from an adapted framework for strategic sustainable development (FSSD). Part 1 of the adapted FSSD defines the vision for the sustainability of the socio‐ecological system or a vision for sustainability. Part 2 describes sustainable development processes and actions that businesses can implement to move towards the vision. These two systems exchange materials, energy and waste flows (MEWFs). The article shows how strategic actions to optimize MEWFs between the systems can lead to the vision for sustainability. Utilizing a mixed methods approach, ‘visioning and vision linking’, ‘developing sector strategic actions’ and ‘monitoring and evaluation’ were formulated into SSPs in an island context. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Community‐Based Monitoring and Protected Areas: Towards an Inclusive Model
Authors: Ortega‐Álvarez Rubén , Sánchez‐González Luis Antonio , Valera‐Bermejo Adriana , Berlanga‐García Humberto
Published: October 2016

Operational, financial and conceptual issues hinder protected area (PA) conservation goals, particularly in mega‐diverse countries where highly impoverished human communities live within their boundaries. We (a) highlight the relevance of community‐based biological monitoring for linking local communities with PAs to enhance their functionality, achieve conservation objectives and promote social development, (b) pinpoint key elements for establishing community‐based biological monitoring programs and (c) propose an inclusive model for PAs where the active participation of communities is essential. Through community‐based biological monitoring, PAs enhance the performance of species monitoring, surveillance, development and operation of management plans, local communities' engagement in conservation, and research activities. In turn, communities increase their knowledge on local natural resources, and acquire abilities needed to identify and quantify them, and ultimately lead to more informed decisions regarding their management and conservation. It is essential to consider PAs and local communities as a unit to achieve an integrated conservation approach. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
A Framework for Sustainable Strategic Planning of Water Demand and Supply in Arid Regions
Authors: Banihabib Mohammad Ebrahim , Hashemi Farkhondeh , Shabestari Mohammad Hadi
Published: October 2016

This paper addresses strategic planning of water resources in an arid region based on sustainable development criteria (SDC). Three multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) models, simple additive weighting (SAW), the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), were used for detailed ranking of the strategies and assessing the result of the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM). The results of the MCDM models were not identical, so we used aggregation approaches including mean rank, Borda count and Copeland's methods to integrate rankings. The results of sensitivity analysis revealed that all MCDM models were sensitive to the social and environmental criteria. The SAW and AHP models were also less sensitive to changes in criterion weights than the TOPSIS model. The results showed the priority of the MCDM models over QSPM analysis in incorporating SDC in detailed evaluation of the strategies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Review of Barriers to Green Building Adoption
Authors: Darko Amos , Chan Albert P. C.
Published: October 2016

The need to implement sustainable development (SD) in the construction industry has given birth to the green building (GB) movement. GB is a promising construction approach through which the construction industry contributes to SD. However, the adoption of GB has been hampered in many parts of the world by numerous barriers. To date, no attention has been paid to the need to review existing knowledge of barriers affecting GB adoption. This paper presents a systematic review of literature on barriers to GB adoption published in academic journals. It has been found that lack of information, cost, lack of incentives, lack of interest and demand, and lack of GB codes and regulations are the most reported barriers in the literature. Recommendations are offered to overcome the barriers to facilitate the adoption of GB. This review provides a valuable reference for both industry practitioners and policy makers to implement GB. Moreover, a developed checklist of GB barriers in this paper can be useful to scholars for further empirical studies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment