bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF COSMETIC FOUNDATION USING EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE AS A SUN PROTECTION
Authors: ANWAR EFFIONORA , RIZKAMIARTY SHIFA
Published: March 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to obtain a lotion foundation using epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as an active ingredient designed with asun protection factor (SPF) value around 30 that can effectively protect facial skin from ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure and that is safe to use.Methods: In this study, we determine SPF value using UV–visible spectrophotometry at a wavelength between 290 and 320 nm. The preparationformula of the foundation was made with an EGCG concentration of 0.4%, a concentration which can yield the desired SPF value of about 30. Physicalstability was performed at low (4±2°C), ambient (25±2°C), and high (40±2°C) temperatures; cycling and centrifugation tests were also conducted.Safety was evaluated by eye irritation test using hen’s egg test on chorioallantois method and skin irritation test using the Draize and patch testsmethod.Results: The SPF values of 0.04% EGCG and lotion foundation containing 0.4% EGCG were 31.02±0.72 and 33.20±0.59, respectively. The results ofcycling and centrifugal tests indicated that lotion foundation showed an absence of crystals and lack of any phase separation between oil and waterphases. The physical stability test showed no significant changes for all parameters. Safety tests resulted in neither skin nor eye irritation.Conclusion: The EGCG foundation developed was physically stable with a good appearance and did not irritate the skin or eyes thus are safe to usealso can effectively protect skin against UVR exposure.
QUANTIFICATION OF HYALURONIC ACID AND METHYLSULFONYLMETHANE IN DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS
Authors: HARMITA HARMITA , HAYUN HAYUN , GEOFANI M. HERU
Published: March 2020

Objective: Osteoarthritis can be treated by taking oral supplements containing compounds that can nourish bones and joints such as hyaluronic acid,methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), chondroitin, glucosamine, and collagen. This study aimed to develop and validate tests for analyzing two compounds,namely, hyaluronic acid and MSM, simultaneously and to determine both their levels in a mixed sample.Methods: Hyaluronic acid derivatization was carried out using fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chloride and then analyzed by liquid chromatographywith fluorescence detection, while MSM was analyzed using gas chromatography. After the development of optimal conditions for each separation,system suitability tests were developed and calibration curves used for tests of accuracy and precision as well as for level determination. Hyaluronicwas detected at an excitation wavelength of 255 nm and emission wavelength of 330 nm. The mobile phase used was acetonitrile-acetate pH 4.2 (1: 4)with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.Results: The developed method was linear (r=0.9983) in the range of 5–50 ppm and the limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) were 3.55and 11.84 ppm, respectively. The initial column temperature for MSM analysis was 110°C and the mobile phase used was nitrogen gas at a flow rate of0.8 mL/min. The method was linear (r=0.9998) in the range of 4000–15,000 ppm and the LOD and LOQ were 332.90 and 1109.67 ppm, respectively.Conclusion: A simulated sample containing both compounds was assessed to contained 98.63% hyaluronic acid and 99.35% MSM.
SYNTHESIS AND STABILITY TEST OF RESVERATROL-CONJUGATED GOLD NANOPARTICLE WITH POLYVINYL ALCOHOL STABILIZATION
Authors: SUTRIYO SUTRIYO , ISWANDANA RADITYA , HAFSHARI MARINA DWI
Published: March 2020

Objective: Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been developed as a promising effective site-specific drug to increase drug efficacy and reduce potentialside effects. However, AuNPs are unstable because they easily aggregate. This study aims to produce stable resveratrol (RSV)-conjugated AuNPs usingpolyvinyl alcohol (PVA).Methods: AuNPs were synthesized using the Turkevich method, which involves the reduction of chloroauric acid with sodium citrate as a reductor.AuNPs were then modified with PVA as a stabilizing agent and conjugated with RSV as a drug model in the carrier system. The formed conjugates werecharacterized using ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, particle size analysis, and high-performanceliquid chromatography. Furthermore, stability tests were performed in various media (2% bovine serum albumin [BSA], 1% cysteine, phosphatebufferedsaline [PBS] pH 4, PBS pH 7.4, and 0.9% NaCl) for 28 days.Results: RSV–AuNPs–PVA had a particle size of 78.75 nm, with polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.356, zeta potential of −36.1 mV, and highest entrapmentefficiency of 78.1%±0.7. RSV–AuNPs without PVA stabilization had a particle size of 51.97 nm, with PDI of 0.694 and zeta potential of −24.6 mV. Theresults of the stability tests demonstrated that RSV–AuNPs–PVA was stable in 2% BSA, PBS pH 7.4, PBS pH 4, and NaCl 0.9% and were unstable in 1%cysteine. RSV–AuNPs without PVA were stable in 2% BSA and PBS pH 7.4 and unstable in 1% cysteine, PBS pH 4, and 0.9% NaCl.Conclusion: PVA can improve the physical stability of RSV-AuNPs conjugates.
SYNTHESIS AND STABILITY OF RESVERATROL-GOLD NANOPARTICLE-POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL-FOLIC ACID CONJUGATES
Authors: SUTRIYO SUTRIYO , ISWANDANA RADITYA , IVARIANI FIRDA MARETHA
Published: March 2020

Objective: Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can be used as targeted drug delivery systems, however, AuNPs have high surface energy and easily aggregate,thus negatively impacting nanoparticle stability. Therefore, it is necessary to add a stabilizing agent to AuNPs. To synthesize AuNPs stabilized bypolyethylene glycol conjugated to folic acid (FA), thus creating a model drug (resveratrol [RSV]) carrier that targets FA receptors on cancer cells.Methods: AuNPs were synthesized using the Turkevich method and stabilized by adding FA conjugated to polyethylene glycol (PEG). After RSV wasloaded, the conjugate was physically characterized and subjected to stability tests.Results: The RSV-AuNP had an average particle size of 51.97 nm (polydispersity index [PDI] 0.694, zeta potential – 24.6 mV). The RSV-AuNP-PEG-FAconjugate (RSV-AuNP-PEG-FA) had an average particle size of 195.6 nm (PDI=0.233, zeta potential=−21.1 mV). Stability tests showed that RSV-AuNPPEG-FA was more stable than RSV-AuNP. Furthermore, RSV-AuNP-PEG-FA and RSV-AuNP were more stable in buffer pH 7.4 and bovine serum albumin2% than in buffer pH 4, cysteine 1%, and NaCl 0.9% solutions.Conclusion: PEG-FA conjugates can improve the stability of RSV-loaded AuNP.
ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTS OF SARANG SEMUT (MYRMECODIA PENDANS) FRACTIONS USING THREE DIFFERENT SOLVENTS TOWARD ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS CPS2
Authors: BINARTHA CIPTADHI TRI OKA , SUPRASTIWI ENDANG , KURNIA DIDIK , MARGONO ANGGRAINI , ARTININGSIH DEWA AYU NYOMAN PUTRI
Published: March 2020

Objective: This study investigated the effect of antibacterial activity from sarang semut fractions with three different solvents, i.e. nonpolar (n-hexane),semipolar (ethyl acetate), and polar (water), to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on Enterococcus faecalis cps2.Methods: The fractions were extracted with a maceration method and a methanol solvent. The fractionation was performed with three groupsof solvent to obtain the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water fractions. The active compound from the best fraction group was identified using aphytochemical test, gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry, and thin-layer chromatography. Each fraction group was divided into five differentconcentrations, i.e. 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% and was assessed against E. faecalis cps2 with an agar diffusion method. Chlorhexidine 2% wasused as a positive control. The width of the inhibition zone was calculated.Results: The ethyl acetate group had the biggest inhibition zone of 21 mm in diameter compared to n-hexane and water, which was 15 mm and19 mm in diameter, respectively. The MIC value of the fraction with a 20% concentration of ethyl acetate was significantly different (P < 0.05) from then-hexane and water solvents in inhibiting the growth of E. faecalis cps2.Conclusion: The ethyl acetate fraction of sarang semut had a greater inhibitory effect on E. faecalis cps2. In addition, the antibacterial activity of thefraction increased with an increase in concentration.
Papeles en bits: los orígenes de la difusión digital de arquitectura en las primeras versiones web de Metropolis, Domus, Abitare y El Croquis.
Authors: Liñán Luis Juán , González de Mendoza Nicolás Maruri
Published: March 2020

Este artículo recupera y analiza las primeras versiones web de las revistas Domus, Abitare, El Croquis y Metropolis, lanzadas a mediados de la década de 1990, para revelar su carácter pionero en la exploración de la World Wide Web como medio de difusión de la arquitectura, así como su papel seminal en la identificación de las condicionantes más importantes que definen la manera como se transmite la información de la disciplina en el entorno digital.
Frank Lloyd Wright según Bruno Zevi: crónica de dos proyectos editoriales (1947-1979)
Authors: Ovando Grajales Fredy
Published: March 2020

Entre toda su vasta producción editorial, Bruno Zevi dedicó dos libros en exclusiva a Frank Lloyd
Wright, el primero en 1947 y el segundo en 1979. Ambos fueron traducidos al español y forman parte
importante de la historiografía de la arquitectura moderna en el contexto hispanohablante. Generalmente
considerados como un mismo libro que sólo evolucionó a lo largo del tiempo, la revisión de
sus procesos editoriales y de sus contenidos demuestra lo contrario. Explicar la historia de cada uno de
ellos y comparar sus argumentos es el objetivo del presente escrito.
Rastreando el noreste a vuelo de página. La modernidad regiomontana en las publicaciones periódicas de arquitectura (1943-1963)
Authors: Cruz González Franco Lourdes , Nagel Vega Vanessa
Published: March 2020

En este texto se analizan las obras de Monterrey publicadas en revistas de arquitectura nacionales y extranjeras, con el propósito de enriquecer, desde otras miradas, la historia de la arquitectura mexicana de mediados del siglo xx. Para esto se exploran las razones por las que se difundieron esas obras en particular, los arquitectos que construyeron en esa región y el significado de esos edificios para la sociedad regiomontana. Además se indaga sobre la posible explicación cabal de la modernidad regiomontana a través de lo publicado en los medios impresos.
Reinterpretando a Rohe: la peculiar vida del pabellón de Barcelona
Authors: Chatterjee Madhura
Published: March 2020

El Pabellón de Barcelona original fue desmantelado en 1930, seis meses después de su construcción y se construyó una réplica en 1986. Por lo tanto, esencialmente, el edificio ha vivido tres vidas: en primer lugar, durante la exposición, en segundo lugar, después de que se desmontara y un portafolio de fotografías fuera el sustituto más cercano de la realidad y, finalmente, después de que se reconstruyera. Este trabajo argumenta la existencia de una cuarta vida del pabellón, impresa, creada por las numerosas interpretaciones críticas que de ella se hacen. Este ensayo analiza cómo estos artículos contribuyeron a su vida paralela en los medios de comunicación y a su reputación como icono de la arquitectura moderna.
Editorial
Authors: Ulloa Hung Jorge
Published: March 2020

No precisa de un resumen.
Continuous groups of transversal gates for quantum error correcting codes from finite clock reference frames
Authors: Woods Mischa P. , Alhambra Álvaro M.
Published: March 2020

Following the introduction of the task of reference frame errorcorrection \cite{hayden2017error}, we show how, by using reference frame alignment with clocks, one can add a continuous Abelian group of transversal logical gates to any error-correcting code. With this we further explore a way of circumventing the no-go theorem of Eastin and Knill, which states that if local errors are correctable, the group of transversal gates must be of finite order. We are able to do this by introducing a small error on the decoding procedure that decreases with the dimension of the frames used. Furthermore, we show that there is a direct relationship between how small this error can be and how accurate quantum clocks can be: the more accurate the clock, the smaller the error; and the no-go theorem would be violated if time could be measured perfectly in quantum mechanics. The asymptotic scaling of the error is studied under a number of scenarios of reference frames and error models. The scheme is also extended to errors at unknown locations, and we show how to achieve this by simple majority voting related error correction schemes on the reference frames. In the Outlook, we discuss our results in relation to the AdS/CFT correspondence and the Page-Wooters mechanism.
What is the minimum CHSH score certifying that a state resembles the singlet?
Authors: Valcarce Xavier , Sekatski Pavel , Orsucci Davide , Oudot Enky , Bancal Jean-Daniel , Sangouard Nicolas
Published: March 2020

A quantum state can be characterized from the violation of a Bell inequality. The well-known CHSH inequality for example can be used to quantify the fidelity (up to local isometries) of the measured state with respect to the singlet state. In this work, we look for the minimum CHSH violation leading to a non-trivial fidelity. In particular, we provide a new analytical approach to explore this problem in a device-independent framework, where the fidelity bound holds without assumption about the internal working of devices used in the CHSH test. We give an example which pushes the minimum CHSH threshold from≈2.0014to≈2.05,far from the local bound. This is in sharp contrast with the device-dependent (two-qubit) case, where entanglement is one-to-one related to a non-trivial singlet fidelity. We discuss this result in a broad context including device-dependent/independent state characterizations with various classical resources.
Aktivitas Penghambatan α-glukosidase dan Peredaman Radikal Bebas Ekstrak Kapang Endofit yang Diisolasi dari Rimpang Kunyit
Authors: Septiana Eris , Bustanussalam Bustanussalam , Simanjuntak Partomuan
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the metabolic disorders that causes an increase in blood sugar levels above normal the normal threshold. The case of diabetes is usually accompanied by an increase in free radicals in the patient’s body. In Indonesia, one of the plants traditionally used to treat high blood sugar levels and contains antioxidant compounds is turmeric. The use of endophytic fungi from medicinal plants as a source of active compounds is widely carried out. Therefore this research aims to determine the antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of the extract of turmeric endophytic fungi from Bogor in vitro. The antidiabetic test used the method of inhibiting of α-glucosidase enzymes, while the antioxidant test used the method of reducing free radicals 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The test results show that the five endophytic mold ethyl acetate extracts have the ability to inhibit the α-glukosidase enzyme and antioxidant activity. Ethyl acetate extract isolate Bo.Ci.Cl.R5 was the most active in α-the the inhibitory activity of a glucosidase enzyme activity and free radical reduction with IC50 values of 336.22 μg/mL and 91.70 μg/mL respectively. Therefore extract of endophytic fungi isolates Bo.Ci.Cl.R5 isolate has the potential to be developed as an alternative raw material for antidiabetic drugs.
Abstrak
Diabetes melitus merupakan salah satu kerusakan metabolisme tubuh yang menyebabkan naiknya kadar gula dalam darah di atas ambang batas normal. Kasus diabetes biasanya diiringi oleh meningkatnya radikal bebas dalam tubuh penderita. Di Indonesia, salah satu tanaman yang secara tradisional digunakan untuk mengobati kadar gula darah yang tinggi dan mengandung senyawa antioksidan ialah tanaman kunyit. Pemanfaatan kapang endofit asal tanaman berkhasiat obat sebagai sumber senyawa aktif banyak dilakukan. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antidiabetes dan antioksidan dari ekstrak kapang endofit rimpang kunyit asal Bogor secara in vitro. Uji antidiabetes menggunakan metode penghambatan aktivitas enzim α-glukosidase, sedangkan uji antioksidan menggunakan metode peredaman radikal bebas 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa kelima ekstrak etil asetat kapang endofit memiliki kemampuan dalam menghambat enzim α-glukosidase dan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Ekstrak etil asetat isolat Bo.Ci.Cl.R5 merupakan yang paling aktif pada uji aktivitas penghambatan aktivitas enzim α-glukosidase dan peredaman radikal bebas dengan nilai IC50 masing-masing uji sebesar 336,22 μg/mL dan 91,70 μg/mL. Oleh karena itu ekstrak isolat kapang endofit Bo.Ci.Cl.R5 berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai alternatif bahan baku obat antidiabetes.
Eradication of hepatitits C virus in patient with cryoglobulinemic vasculitis and mutations D168E, L31V
Authors: Dunaeva N. V. , Chirskaya M. A. , Kolpashchikova E. Yu. , Romanova S. Yu. , Lapin S. V. , Karev V. E. , Gusev D. A.
Published: March 2020

The case of chronic hepatitis C 1b genotype with grade 3 fibrosis according to Metavir, complicated by the development  of mixed  type  III  cryoglobulinemia,  cryoglobulinemic vasculitis with damage to the skin vessels of the skin (hemorrhagic vasculitis), and the liver (alternatively proliferative vasculitis) is demonstrated. The introduction of daclatasvir + asunaprevir was virologically unsuccessful: mutations D168E and L31V were detected against  the background of a  virological breakthrough. A repeated course of antiviral therapy with the combination of Grazoprevir + Elbasvir in combination with sofosbuvir led to a stable virologic response, partial immunological and clinical remission.
Problems of differential diagnosis of focal brain lesions in patients with HIV infection
Authors: Fomina M. Yu. , Titova M. A.
Published: March 2020

Currently, the leading cause of social disadaptations and disability of patients at advanced stages of HIV infection, as well as adverse outcomes, is the presence of severe comorbid variants of the course of HIV infection: HIV and co-infection of chronic viral hepatitis, tuberculosis, HIV and malignant tumors, and HIV-associated neurological diseases. In pediatric practice, the combination of HIV-induced and perinatal CNS lesions is the most relevant. The differential diagnosis of these conditions is complicated due to the polymorphism of clinical manifestations and the possibility of combining several pathological conditions simultaneously in patients. Neuroimaging data does not always have clear criteria for determining the exact cause of cerebral damage. The article presents data of own clinical neuroimaging observations of two patients with perinatal and parenteral HIV infection. The nervous system damage was polyetiological in nature and was presented in one case by a combination of HIV-encephalitis, cerebral toxoplasmosis and CNS lymphoma, in the second by the presence of Bourneville-Pringle disease (tuberous sclerosis) with the formation of giant-cell astrocytoma and HIV-induced brain damage. It should be noted that the optimization of the antiretroviral therapy regimen in the case of a combination of B-cell lymphoma and cerebral toxoplasmosis in a child with perinatal HIV infection led to clinical and laboratory remission
Molecular-genetic characteristics of the tick-borne encephalitis virus pathogenicity of far eastern subtype
Authors: Leonova G. N. , Somova L. M. , Belikov S. I.
Published: March 2020

The aim of the work: Using the data of genome-wide sequencing of tick-borne encephalitis virus strains of the Far Eastern population, reveal the peculiarities of the moleculargenetic characteristics and their relationship with the pathogenicity of the agent.

Materials and methods. A full-genomic characteristic of 63 TBEV strains isolated in the Far East and registered in GeneBank wos given. A pathohistological study of the central nervous system of monkeys infected with the highly virulent strains Sofjin and Khabarovsk-17 TBEV was conducted.

Results. All strains are assigned to the Far Eastern subtype of TBEV and are located in three clusters, the territorial attachment of individual strains groups is noted. In the cluster of Sofjin-like strains, independent groups were identified, isolated in the territories of Primorsky Krai only, and separate groups – only in northern focal territories (Khabarovsk Krai). The cluster Senzhang-like strains are represented by strains of different clusters, isolated in China and throughout the Far East. The Oshima-like cluster of strains, except for strains from Japan, consists of strains isolated only in the south of the Far East (in Primorsky Krai). The incubation period of the disease in experimental animals was shorter when infected with the Sofjin strain (3–5 days) than when infected with the Khabarovsk-17 strain (7 days or more). The strain-specific differences in the severity of morphological changes in the central nervous system were revealed. For primorsky TBEV strains, a higher degree of neuroinvasiveness was characteristed with a more rapid development of severe manifestations of neuroinfection, compared to khabarovsky strains.

Findings: 1) based on full-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 63 TBEV strains, three main clusters were distinguished: Sofjin-, Senzhang- and Oshima-like; 2) in these clusters, territorial attachment of TBEV strains groups with a certain molecular genetic characteristic was established; 3) in primorsky TBEV strains, genetically determined advantages in the degree of neuroinvasiveness have been revealed, which provide them with the ability to more quickly overcome the blood-brain barrier compared to khabarovsky strains.
Zakres procesów internacjonalizacji na rynku serów
Authors: Domagała Joanna
Published: March 2020

Głównym celem artykułu było określenie zmian zasięgu geograficznego procesów internacjonalizacji rynku serów w Polsce z wykorzystaniem metody opierającej się na przepływach towarów (metody Elzingi–Hogarty’ego). Opierając się na danych wtórnych IERiGŻ-PIB, stwierdzono, że rynek serów w Polsce do 2003 roku miał zasięg krajowy, następnie po integracji z Unią Europejską zasięg rozszerzył się do „semiglobalnego”. W 2014 roku rynek serów obejmował Polskę, USA oraz 9 krajów będących członkami Unii Europejskiej. Tak zdefiniowany rynek serów charakteryzował się produkcją na poziomie 13 643 tys. ton, konsumpcją na poziomie 12 970 tys. ton oraz eksportem i importem odpowiednio na poziomie 1361 tys. ton i 688 tys. ton.
Using of modern information and communication technologiesin the tourism
Authors: Sakovska Оlena , Kozhukhіvska Raisa , Rybchak Vitalii
Published: March 2020

The importance of modern information and communication technologies in the economic and social life has steadily increased. The Internet creates new opportunities to provide services and meet needs. Tourism enterprises are interested in making a big profit from their sales and want the customers to give their preferences to them. The article deals with the peculiarities of Internet use by the tourism services consumers. Determined that the compared to traditional advertising technologies, Internet makes it possible to provide a dialogue with the consumer, to establish feedback and, in terms of investment, it is much cheaper. The data representing the social characteristics of the sphere of Ukrainian Internet consumers are generalized. The main reasons and motives for making online purchases by tourism services consumers are indicated. The barriers that hinder the further development of Internet commerce and the promotion of online tourism services have been identified. Quantitative and qualitative research on the use of tourism Internet services in Ukraine has been carried out.
Reasons for the resignation of young people from employment
Authors: Bartczak Magdalena , Szymankowska Agnieszka
Published: March 2020

The labour market is constantly changing. Employees, depending on their age, experience and qualifications, have different expectations towards the employer, and at the same time expect other motivators in the employment process. A particular challenge for employers is to motivate young people who enter the labour market, because it is difficult to motivate them in such a way that they do not give up work and want to get involved with the company for longer. Due to the topicality of this issue, the purpose of the study is to indicate the reasons that make young people quit their jobs. The study uses reports on factors determining the behavior of young people on the labor market, as well as the results of surveys conducted among students of selected universities in the Wielkopolska region. These studies have shown that the most common reasons for changing jobs identified by young people are: unsatisfactory pay, a bad atmosphere, and inappropriate relationships with their superiors.
Aktywność zawodowa kobiet mieszkających na obszarach wiejskich
Authors: Olejniczak Wioletta
Published: March 2020

Celem niniejszej pracy było ukazanie sytuacji zawodowej kobiet z obszarów wiejskich na rynku pracy. Autorka przedstawiła wyniki badań dotyczące ich obowiązków oraz pracy zawodowej. Największą liczbę wśród pracujących zawodowo stanowiły kobiety, które od urodzenia zamieszkują obszary wiejskie, a głównym impulsem do podjęcia pracy były powody finansowe. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, iż mimo braku satysfakcji z wykonywanej pracy w dziedzinach pozarolniczych, nie zdecydowałyby się na jej zmianę.
Poziom świadomości konsumentów w zakresie terroryzmu żywnościowego jako przykład współczesnego zagrożenia dla przemysłu rolno-spożywczego
Authors: Wiza Paulina , Jabkowski Dawid , Szalaty Norbert
Published: March 2020

Celem artykułu było zaprezentowanie świadomości konsumentów z zakresu terroryzmu żywnościowego jako nowego zagrożenia w przemyśle spożywczym. Terroryzm żywnościowy to nowe zjawisko, które w XXI wieku stanowi wyzwanie dla przemysłu spożywczego. Polega na celowym skażeniu żywności przy wykorzystaniu substancji biologicznych, chemicznych i fizycznych. Na każdym etapie produkcji żywności może dojść do intencjonalnego skażenia żywności. Do zrealizowania celu zastosowano badania ankietowe, które zostały przeprowadzone z wykorzystaniem portalu internetowego. W badaniach wzięło udział 120 respondentów z Wielkopolski. Na podstawie literatury przedmiotu oraz przeprowadzonych badań ankietowych stwierdzono, iż konsumenci nie są w pełni świadomi, że żywność może być celem ataku terrorystów. Według badanych osób, terroryzm żywnościowy ma charakter globalny i może wystąpić na każdym etapie łańcucha żywnościowego. Z racji, że terroryzm żywnościowy jest zjawiskiem nowym w gospodarce, metody wykorzystywane przez terrorystów oraz potencjalne skutki zagrożenia nie są do końca znane.
Foreign Equity Ownership and Income Smoothing
Authors: Jung Boochun , Lee Dongyoung , Shin Ilhang , Yuen C.Y. Desmond
Published: March 2020

We examine whether foreign investors influence a local firm's income smoothing, using a sample of Korean firms from 2000 to 2013. We hypothesize that given innate informational difficulties of overseas investments, foreign investors demand less noisy and more sustainable earnings, and to satisfy this demand, managers have strong incentives to smooth earnings. We find that foreign investors' ownership is positively related to the level of earnings smoothing. We also find that earnings smoothing improves earnings informativeness in the presence of high foreign investor ownership, consistent with the notion that foreign investors play an important role in local firms' information environments.

JEL Classifications: M41; M43; J53.
The Effect of Audit Tenure, Audit Rotation, Audit Fee, Accounting Firm Size, and Auditor Specialization to Audit Quality
Authors: Sari Shinta Permata , Diyanti Ayu Aris , Wijayanti Rita
Published: March 2020

The company management has a responsibility to run the company activities by reporting the resultsthrough financial statements. The role of an auditor is needed to mediate the management's interest and share holder’s concern.An auditor is an independent part of giving an opinion about the information contained in the financial statementsthroughits audit quality. Audit quality can be reduced if the auditor is not independent anymore. This study aims to analyze the effect of audit tenure, audit rotation,audit fee, accounting firm size, and auditor specialization to audit quality. The population of the study is manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in2015-2017. The sample was taken by a purposive sampling method and obtained 50 companies as samples. Data were tested using logistic regression. The results of this study indicate that audit rotation,fee audit, and accounting firm size do not affect audit quality,meanwhile, the audit tenure and auditor specialization affect audit quality.
Identitas Arsitektur: Pencarian Hakikat Ruang Melalui Permukiman Kumuh
Authors: Zahroh Fatimatuz , Meiliyandari Lutvi Arnila , Septianingrum Iis
Published: March 2020

Pemaknaan arsitektur tidak pernah memiliki pakem dari para praktisi maupun teoritikus. Pencarian identitas arsitektur terus dikaji dan berlanjut hingga menghasilkan ragam definisi yang tumpang-tindih dalam aktualisasinya, sebut saja teori Vitruvius dan Wastu Widya. Arsitektur kemudian disempitkan lagi oleh pandangan publik yang hanya sebatas bangunan indah. Paradigma ini kemudian melahirkan pemikiran bahwa bangunan dengan tampilan yang indah adalah arsitektur, sebaliknya bangunan yang kotor dan kumuh adalah bukan arsitektur. Padahal lebih luas dari itu arsitektur juga merupakan alat penyelesaian masalah sosial yang berusaha menghilangkan disparitas sosial yang terjadi. Disparitas ini berwujud dalam bentuk hunian kumuh atau slum yang dianggap sebagai sumber permasalahan. Dengan mengumpulkan data dari hasil penelitian maupun isu terkini tentang bagaimana melakukan pendekatan arsitektur pada kawasan slum, tanpa harus menghapuskan keberadaannya, tetapi dengan meningkatkan derajatnya seperti yang dilakukan oleh Romo Mangun di Kali Codhe, penelitian menunjukkan bahwa slum adalah salah satu solusi dalam mendesain perumahan sosial skala massal yang bisa meningkatkan taraf hidup sekaligus sosial penghuni di dalamnya.
Penerapan Sustainable Design dalam Perancangan Taman Budaya di Kabupaten Klaten
Authors: Setiawan Dwi , Natalia Dita Ayu Rani
Published: March 2020

Klaten merupakan pusat kota dari Pemerintahan Kabupaten Klaten, Jawa Tengah. Klaten merupakan salah satu bagian dari Karisidenan Surakarta atau merupakan bagian dari lingkup daerah kekuasaan Kasunanan Surakarta. Posisi Klaten berada di tengah – tengah antara pusat kota Solo dan Yogyakarta, menjadikan Klaten sebagai sebuah kabupaten yang sangat kaya akan potensi kebudayaan daerah. Selain itu Klaten memiliki kalender event setiap tahunnya yang diadakan di beberapa daerah Kabupaten Klaten. Taman Budaya adalah suatu ruang yang memiliki fungsi sebagai wadah kegiatan menggelar berbagai pertunjukan sekaligus tempat berkumpul dan bertemu para seniman dan juga sebagai ajang pengenalan dan pelestarian budaya ke generasi mendatang. Perancangan Taman Budaya diawali pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan metode pengumpulan data primer yaitu berupa wawancara, pengamatan, pemetaan lokasi serta dokumentasi, dan metode pengumpulan data sekunder yaitu berupa data dari instansi yang terkait serta studi literatur terhadap jurnal atau karya ilmiah yang berkaitan.  Pendekatan konsep sustainable design digunakan sebagai usaha penyatuan bangunan dengan prinsip keberlanjutan budaya, yang meliputi keseimbangan social, ekonomi dan lingkungan. Tiga hal ini menjadi dasar agar terwujudnya kenyamanan, integrasi social di dalam maupun luar bangunan serta pengurangan dampak limbah bangunan terhadap lingkungan. Hasil konsep sustainable design diterapkan secara fungsi ruang, tampak bangunan dengan mempertimbangkan struktur dan utilitas bangunan.
Konsep Healing Environment untuk Mendukung Proses Penyembuhan Pasien Rumah Sakit
Authors: Hafidz Ihsanudin Yusuf Nur , Nugrahaini Fadhilla Tri
Published: March 2020

Istilah rumah sakit menyiratkan sebuah harapan sehingga rumah sakit harus menunjang kesembuhan pasien. Bukan hanya melalui faktor medis saja, tetapi juga faktor lain yang perannya sangat penting dalam kesembuhan, yaitu faktor psikologis. Rumah sakit harus mampu mengarahkan pasien pada harapan sehat dan optimisme terhadap kesembuhan. Faktor psikologis ini dapat ditunjang dengan pendekatan lingkungan, yang tujuannya adalah membentuk persepsi melalui hubungan antara pikiran dan perilaku. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon dan tanggapan pasien terkait dengan kenyamanan suasana rumah sakit saat menjalani perawatan. Metode deskriptif kualitatif dilakukan pada penelitian ini ditunjang dengan studi literatur, wawancara dan kuesioner. Data yang dihasilkan mengarah pada manusia mempunyai keterikatan dengan alam, yang kedekatannya tidak dapat dipisahkan. Hal ini berkaitan dengan teori biophilia yang menjelaskan bahwa manusia mempunyai kecenderungan untuk berafiliasi dengan alam. Alam mempunyai sifat restoratif yang mampu memberikan energi positif terhadap psikologis manusia. Melalui peran penting ini, lingkungan harus mendapatkan porsi besar dalam penerapanya di rumah sakit. Kecenderungan sampel menunjukan bahwa lebih dari 80% atau 92 orang dari 115 orang, memilih suasana yang berhubungan dengan lingkungan alam, karena dirasa lingkungan alam dapat memberikan kenyamanan dan energi positif yang akan berpengaruh baik terhadap kesembuhan psikis pasien.
Peran Ruang Soekarno-Nehru sebagai Bangsal Pringgitan pada Dalem Mangkubumen
Authors: Murti Desy Ayu Krisna , Wibowo Satrio Hasto Broto
Published: March 2020

Dalem Mangkubumen merupakan kompleks yang dibangun oleh Sultan HB VI untuk putra mahkota yang akan diangkat menjadi HB VII pada tahun (1855- 1977). Pada masanya Dalem Mangkubumen diperuntukan untuk calon raja, sehingga dari segi arsitektural hampir menyerupai keraton. Oleh karena itu pula nama lain Dalem Mangkubumen adalah Keraton Alit. Setelah HB VII bertahta, maka fungsi Dalem Mangkubumen diperuntukan untuk tempat tinggal bagi para pangeran, antara lain Pangeran Mangkubumi dan Pangeran Juminah, yang setelahnya tidak lagi ditempati hingga tahun 1942. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi fungsi dan peran bangsal pringgitan pada Dalem Mangkubumen, sejak tidak digunakan lagi sebagai tempat tinggal pangeran, hingga keberadaannya sampai saat ini. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif diskriptif, dengan observasi dan study literature untuk mengungkap peran bangsal pringgitan. Bangsal pringgitan sempat digunakan untuk pertemuan Presiden Soekarno, PM India Jawaharlal Nehru dan Sri Sultan HB IX, sehingga dinamakan bangsal Soekarno-Nehru. Beberapa elemen arsitektural dan struktural masih terjaga keasliannya. Perubahan hanya dilakukan pada bagian sekat dan beberapa material plafon. Dari aspek fungsinya memiliki karakteristik yang cenderung sama dari awal hingga saat ini, yaitu sebagai ruang pertemuan yang bersifat umum. Sedangkan dari aspek konstelasi susunannya secara mikro memiliki kekhasan yang tidak dimiliki oleh pringgitan lain, seperti bentuk atap dan besaran ruang yang meskipun mengalami perubahan, namun tetap mempertahankan prinsip yang ajeg, yaitu tempat untuk pertunjukan dengan gaya arsitektur mengikuti arsitektur Keraton Yogyakarta.
Una geometría conceptual
Authors: Kutasy Mercédesz
Published: March 2020

Este estudio es un experimento para observar si los mecanismos y estructuras que rigen el género de la novela corta son aplicables a los géneros visuales. Me interesa ver si es posible narrar con la imagen y si es posible hacerlo acorde a los principios establecidos por Ricardo Piglia en su “Secreto y narración. Tesis sobre la nouvelle”. Desde el lado de la imagen me apoyaré en teorías de Wendy Steiner, Norman Bryson o de Nelson Goodman.
Los perseguidores de Cortázar y Wilenski: temporalidad y viaje en la narración escrita y audiovisual
Authors: Ros Cases Laura
Published: March 2020

El presente trabajo estudia el tratamiento de la temporalidad en la novela corta El perseguidor, de Julio Cortázar (1957), y la película homónima de Osías Wilenski (1962). En ambas piezas, el viaje en el metro constituye un punto de inflexión en la búsqueda de Johnny: gracias a la capacidad de extrañamiento que presenta el subterráneo, las coordenadas espacio-temporales adquieren un carácter fluctuante. En la narración de Cortázar, la fragmentación discursiva de los hechos remite a la propia obsesión del saxofonista por la temporalidad. En la cinta de Wilenski, el recurso al montaje de correspondencias revela un tratamiento formal acorde a la simultaneidad que persigue Johnny.
Nota introductoria
Authors: Revista Crítica de Narrativa Breve Lejana.
Published: March 2020

Nota introductoria
Features of basic indicators of oral fluid in children after hematopoietic cell transplantation (pilot study)
Authors: Koren N. A. , Tkachenko T. B. , Vladimirova L. G. , Abdullaeva Sh. R. , Semenova E. V.
Published: March 2020

Relevance. Treatment of patients with refractory forms of acute lymphoblastic leukemia causes a number of complications from the organs and tissues of the oral cavity. It can be both early complications – cytotoxic reactions with the development of oral mucositis, and late, leading to a violation of the mineralization of hard tooth tissues, and to underdevelopment of the teeth. Oral fluid plays an important role in maintaining oral homeostasis. One of the most important functions that it performs is maintaining the physiological balance of the processes of re- and demineralization of tooth enamel. Since demineralization processes begin in childhood at higher pH values than in adults, when the hydrogen index decreases below 6.4, demineralization processes begin to prevail over remineralization, and the solubility of hydroxylapatite crystals which enamel consists of increases.

The objective was to assess the basic indicators of oral fluid and oral hygiene indices in this group of patients.

Methods and materials. During the examination of the oral cavity, the intensity of caries and hygiene indices were determined. For the study, oral fluid was collected, followed by determination of its viscosity and hydrogen index.

Results. These patients showed a lower level of oral fluid hydrogen index and a lower level of oral hygiene compared to healthy children. In addition, during the study, it was found that there is a direct relationship between the pH of the oral fluid and the time elapsed since the hematopoietic cell transplantation.

Conclusion. The detected changes are factors that predispose to an increase in the intensity of caries, and require early preventive measures.

Authors declare no conflict of interest.

The authors confirm that they respect the rights of the people participated in the study, including obtaining informed consent when it is necessary, and the rules of treatment of animals when they are used in the study. Author Guidelines contains the detailed information.
60th anniversary of the Faculty of Dentistry of Pavlov University
Authors: Antonova I. N. , Vasil’ev S. V. , Gorbacheva I. A. , Orekhova L. Yu. , Tkachenko T. B. , Trezubov V. N. , Ulitovskiy S. B. , Yaremenko A I.
Published: March 2020

60th anniversary of the Faculty of Dentistry of Pavlov University.
Teaching Post-Secondary Students in Ecology and Evolution: Strategies for Early-Career Researchers
Authors: Raby Graham , Chapman Jacqueline M. , De Bruijn Robert , Eliason Erika J. , Elvidge Chris K. , Hasler Caleb T. , Madliger Christine L. , Nyboer Elizabeth A. , Reid Andrea J. , Roche Dominique G. , Rytwinski Trina , Ward Taylor D. , Wilson Alexander D.M. , Cooke Steven J.
Published: March 2020

Teaching can be a rewarding, yet challenging, experience for early career researchers (ECRs) in fields like ecology and evolution. Much of this challenge arises from the reality that ECRs in ecology and evolution typically receive little, if any, pedagogical training or advice on how to balance teaching, research (which can include extended field work), and other demands on their time. Here, we aim to provide accessible, pragmatic advice for ECRs in ecology and evolution who are given the opportunity to teach (as instructor of record). The advice is based on the authors’ collective experiences teaching in ecology and evolution as ECRs and is meant to help ECRs address two challenges: a) balancing the demands of teaching against one’s research, service, and personal life, and b) being effective in the classroom while doing so. The guidance we provide includes practical steps to take when teaching for the first time, including carefully refining the syllabus (course planning), adopting ‘non-traditional’ teaching methods, and taking advantage of free teaching resources. We also discuss a range of ‘soft skills’ to consider including guarding against imposter syndrome (i.e., self-doubt and fear of being exposed as a fraud), managing expectations, being empathetic, compassionate, authentic, and fostering an inclusive classroom. Lastly, we emphasize the need to focus on developing students’ critical thinking skills, integrating research and teaching where possible, and setting limits on class preparation time to maintain balance with your research and personal life. Collectively, we hope the examples provided herein offer a useful guide to ECRs new to teaching.
Strategi Komunikasi Politik Partai Baru (Studi Kasus Perolehan Suara Partai Solidaritas Indonesia di DPRD DKI Jakarta Pada Pemilu 2019)
Authors: Moneter Bella Adha Hendriana , Susanto Eko Harry
Published: March 2020

The 2019 legislative elections participated by many political parties in Indonesia, one of which was the Indonesian Solidarity Party (PSI). The more parties that participate in the General Election, the competition between each one of them become more strict in order to get a seat in parliament. Due to that reason, PSI did not pass on the DPR RI election level but somehow managed to get a 6.68% vote and get eight seats on the Jakarta DPRD election level. In this case, the purpose of this research is to study the political communication strategy of PSI Jakarta regarding the vote they got on Jakarta DPRD election level in 2019 General Election. This research is using the conceptualization of political policy, the conceptualization of political communication strategy, conceptualization of political policy, and conceptualization of political policy. political policy, and conceptualization of general elections as the theoretical basis. The research method in this research is a case study and the research approach in this research is descriptive-qualitative. The conclusion of this research shows that the political communication strategy used by PSI Jakarta to gain votes is by paying attention to the figures, stabilizing the institution, and creating togetherness. They also combined their politics communication strategy with the politics communication itself, in order to gain a lot more votes. Pemilu Legislatif Tahun 2019 diikuti banyak partai politik di Indonesia salah satunya partai baru, Partai Solidaritas Indonesia (PSI). Semakin banyak partai politik mengikuti Pemilu, semakin ketat kompetisi antar partai untuk mendapatkan kursi di parlemen. PSI tidak lolos memperebutkan kursi DPR RI, tetapi berhasil mendapatkan suara 6,68% atau delapan kursi di DPRD DKI Jakarta. Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui strategi komunikasi politik PSI Jakarta atas perolehan suara di DPRD DKI Jakarta pada Pemilu 2019. Landasan teoritik yang digunakan adalah konseptualisasi komunikasi politik, konseptualisasi strategi komunikasi politik, konseptualisasi partai politik, dan konseptualisasi pemilihan umum. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan strategi komunikasi politik PSI Jakarta untuk memperoleh suara yakni dengan merawat ketokohan, memantapkan kelembagaan, dan menciptakan kebersamaan. PSI Jakarta juga mengkombinasikan strategi komunikasi politik dengan unsur komunikasi politik.
Cultivating a Community of Practice through Podcasting
Authors: Zumach Gregory M. , Portillo Edward
Published: March 2020

While innovation in pharmacy education can be sparked through many avenues, the opportunity to learn and engage with others through practice communities is considered by many as a creative outlet for exchange and discovery. This commentary specifically describes a contemporary approach to promote such a dialogue globally through podcasting, which is a free and highly accessible medium for dissemination and exchange of innovative teaching practices. In 2018, two faculty from two colleges of pharmacy created a podcast titled Leadership Development in Pharmacy Education (LDPEcast), which provides a unique modality to stimulate discussion and disseminate ideas within the community of practice. This commentary provides a case illustration for how a podcast can be intentionally designed and implemented with the goal of inspiring engagement across a global practice community. Early results of the podcast have been largely successful with nearly 1000 episode downloads and an additional 445 episode streams from audience members. While this podcast was designed specifically to discuss leadership integration within pharmacy training, opportunities may exist for further exploration of podcasting to spread innovative ideas, practices, and evaluative approaches in pharmacy education, while strengthening connections and elevating communities of practice across institutions.

 

Article Type:  Commentary
CIE 239:2020 Goniospectroradiometry of Optical Radiation Sources
Authors:   CIE TC 2-74
Published: March 2020

This technical report provides basic measurement principles and practical guidance in goniospectroradiometry of optical radiation sources (i.e. measurement of the spectral distribution as a function of the emission angle of the source). Specifically, it includes measurement principles of the angular distribution of spectral, radiometric, photometric and colorimetric quantities of optical radiation sources, the related scanning method and a practical guide to determine sampling interval, uncertainty aspects and calibration. Keywords: photometry, radiometry, colorimetry, spectrophotometry, spectroradiometry, goniometer, measurement uncertainty
Cascades, Catalysis and Chiral Ligand Control with SmI2; The Rebirth of a Reagent
Authors: Péter Áron , Procter David J.
Published: March 2020

This review focuses on recent developments from our laboratory in the field of radical reactions mediated by the archetypal reductive single electron transfer (SET) reagent, SmI2. Namely, we have expanded the scope of reducible carbonyl moieties to esters and amides and have
exploited the resultant ketyl radicals in radical cascade reactions that generate unprecedented scaffolds. Moreover, we have taken the first steps to address the long-standing challenges of catalysis and chiral ligand control associated with the reagent.
Intermolecular Radical C–H Bond Activation: A Powerful Tool for Late Stage Functionalization
Authors: Dénès Fabrice
Published: March 2020

The synthesis of complex molecules via radical reactions involving carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds has become a very successful approach. Radical chemistry has long been dominated by the use of tin-based reagents. Those strongly contributed to the development
of the field, allowing one to achieve spectacular transformations, most of which being difficult or impossible to achieve under ionic conditions, and giving access to invaluable kinetics data that paved the way for the development of improved protocols and the design of new synthetic strategies.
However, tin reagents and tin byproducts are often toxic and they proved to make purification steps sometimes tedious. In this context, tin-free methods have progressively gained in interest. This short review aims at providing the reader with alternative methods employing C–H bonds
in place of the classical alkyl halides to generate, via an intermolecular hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), the radical species. Examples of carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bond formation using this type of C–H bond activation approach will be provided, from early
reports to the more recent developments.