bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Different Levels of Beheaded Heights and Foliar Spray of Micronutrients on Flowering and Fruiting Attributes of Mango cv. Amrapali under High Density Planting
Authors: Raj Amit , Mandal Goutam
Published: June 2022

Mango plants grown under high-density planting show a progressive decline in yield after 10-11 years of planting due to overcrowding of branches. To overcome this problem rejuvenation of the orchard is generally recommended with modification of nutrients through the soil and foliar spray to increase the fruit yield. But which beheaded height is suitable for rejuvenation of plants under the high density of mango is not standardized. So this experiment was conducted to find out the effect of different levels of beheaded heights and, foliar spray of micronutrients on flowering and fruiting attributes of mango cv. Amrapali during 2019-20 and 2020-21 at the Department of Horticulture and Postharvest Technology, Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan, West Bengal, India. Six different beheaded height viz. T1- 80cm, T2-100 cm, T3-120 cm, T4-140 cm, T5-160 cm, and T6-180 cm and, two foliar sprays of micronutrients (just before flowering and fruiting) were taken as treatment. The experiment was designed in split-plot with three replication. Days to flowering, days to 50 % flowering, days to fruit set, number of panicles per plant, length of panicles, fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, fruit volume, pulp weight, stone weight, peel weight and pulp stone ratios were taken for observation. It was found that different levels of beheaded height and foliar spray of micronutrients had a significant effect on flowering and fruiting attributes. Plant beheaded at 80 cm height from ground level showed early days to flowering, days to 50 % flowering, days to fruit set, including the highest number of panicles per plant, the largest panicles length, maximum fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, fruit volume, pulp weight, and pulp stone ratio. Foliar spray of 0.4% Zinc Sulphate, Copper Sulphate (0.2%), Borax (0.2%) [2 sprays at just before flowering and marble stage] was found to have a significant effect on flowering and fruiting attributes except for pulp stone ratio. Interaction of different levels of beheaded height and foliar spray of micronutrients showed a significant effect on flowering and fruiting attributes. Early days to flowering, 50 % flowering, fruit set, number of panicles per plant, panicles length, fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, fruit volume, pulp weight, and pulp stone ratio was recorded highest in T1 F2  (plant beheaded at 80 cm height with foliar spray of 0.4% Zinc Sulphate, Copper Sulphate (0.2%), Borax (0.2%). It can be concluded that a plant beheaded at 80 cm height with foliar spray of 0.4% Zinc Sulphate + Copper Sulphate (0.2%) + Borax (0.2%) [2 sprays just before flowering and marble stage] can produce higher fruit yield in terms of maximum fruit weight, fruit size, fruit volume with early flowering and fruiting.
Role of Minikit Demonstrations in Improvement of Bengal Gram Production in Anantapuramu District of Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Kumar D. Sampath , Subbaiah K. Rama , Babu T. Mahesh
Published: June 2022

The study on the effects of minikit demonstration on Bengal gram was conducted by DAATT Centre, Anantapuramu, in five locations with 20 farmers during the rabi seasons of 2015-18. The results revealed that the minikit variety NBeG – 452 recorded highest average yield 1530 kg/ha and Control variety JG -11 recorded average yield 1150 kg/ha respectively. The same trend was found in case of income, which was Rs. 76,500/- and Rs.57,500/- respectively. Cost benefit ratio for demonstration and control was 3.82 and 2.85, respectively. It can be concluded that the Bengal gram production and area could be improved by encouraging the farmers through demonstration on bulk area and capacity building programs.
Heat Unit and Heat Use Efficiency under Different Growing Environments of Mustard Crop (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: Agrahari Rajesh Kumar , Mishra A. N. , Mishra S. R. , Singh A. K.
Published: June 2022

A field experiment was conducted at Agro-meteorological Research Farm, A.N.D. University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, India during 2019-20. The experiment was conducted with Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design and replicated four times with nine treatment combinations consisting of three different sowing times D1 (31st October) (23.5oC), D2 (10th November) (23oC), and D3 (20th November) (21oC) and three varieties V1 (Bio-902), V2 (NDR-8501) and V3 (Varuna). Results showed that higher growth and yield was observed when crop was sown on 31st October than other sowing times. Among the varieties Varuna gave highest growth and maximum yield as compared to other varieties due to fulfillment of congenial Heat unit/GDD, HUE. Maximum heat use efficiency and heat unit requirement from sowing to maturity was obtained when the crop was sown on 31st October while minimum heat use efficiency was obtained when the crop was sown on 20th November. Hence it can be concluded that the best sowing date of mustard is on 31st October in the early sowing. This study may help to select suitable sowing time under climatic condition of eastern Uttar Pradesh.
Efficacy of Newer Selected Insecticides, Beaveria bassiana and Neem Oil against Diamond Back Moth (Plutella xylostella)(L.) in Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata)
Authors: Kommoji Tejasri , Tayde Anoorag R.
Published: June 2022

The trail was conducted at Crop research farm, Department of Entomology of Naini Agriculture institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj, (U.P) during rabi 2021-2022 to study the efficacy of newer selected insecticides, Beaveria bassiana and Neem oil against Diamond back moth (Plutella  xylostella) in Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata) and the experiment was laid out in randomised block design with eight treatments and each was replicated thrice using a variety green soccer 546. The treatments are Spinosad 45% SC, Indoxacarb 14.5%SC, Emamectin benzoate 5%SG, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC, Fipronil 5%SG, Beaveria bassaina (1x108 CFU/gm), Neem oil 0.3% along with an untreated control. The data on Percent reduction of larval population were significantly superior over control but among all treatments, chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC is best effective for diamond back moth had showing (80.35%) percent reduction of larval population followed by Spinosad 45% SC (77.06%), Indoxacarb 14.5SC (73.43%), Emamectin benzoate 5%SG (71.77%), Fipronil (68.26%),Beaveria bassiana (67.06%) and Neem oil was least effective had showing (61.18%) percent reduction of larval population but superior over control. Among all the treatments, highest yield (314.9q/ha) and Cost-benefit ratio (1:7.59) was recorded in Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 %SC followed by Spinosad 45%SC with a yield of (273.73q/ha) and Cost-benefit ratio (1:6.77) as compared to control.
Effect of Phosphorous and Boron Levels on Growth and Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris L.)
Authors: Myageri Pushpa Vittal , Dawson Joy
Published: June 2022

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season (2021) at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P.). The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly natural in soil reaction (pH 7.1), low in organic carbon (0.28%), available Nitrogen (225 kg/ha), available Phosphorous (19.50 kg/ha) and available potassium (213.7 kg/ha). The Treatments consisted of 3 levels of Phosphorous (Phosphorous -30 kg/ha), (Phosphorous -45 kg/ha) (Phosphorous -60 kg/ha) and 3 levels of Boron (Boron -1 kg/ha), (Boron -1.5 kg/ha) and (Boron - 2 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with 9 treatments and replicated thrice. The results reported that significantly maximum plant height (53.50 cm), dry weight (8.26 g/plant) and a greater number of nodules (7.80) were found higher with application of treatment 60 kg/ha phosphorous + 2 kg/ha Boron. No. pods/plant (103.70), seeds/pod (2.00), test weight (24.38 g), grain yield (1837.72 kg/ha) and Stover yield (2906.16 kg/ha) were recorded in (treatment-9) that is with 60 kg/ha phosphorous + 2 kg/ha Boron.
Biology and Population Dynamics of Two Spotted Spider Mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus Linnaeus) Under Protected Cultivation
Authors: Prakash K. , Baskaran V. , Sumathi E. , Suganthi A. , Swarnapriya R.
Published: June 2022

Two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch is the major polyphagous pest on crops and cause considerable yield loss. Cucumber cultivation become possible throughout the year in closed condition with improved agronomic practices. The cultivation of cucumber under controlled condition is threatened by the occurrence of various pests, of which mites occupied greater importance in yield reduction. The influences of weather parameters on population dynamics of T. urticae were studied under protected condition during autumn season of 2021 and continued till last week of April. The observations revealed that the mite population was significantly increased under closed condition and the recorded total developmental period of mites was 6.47 ± 0.003 days, these changes in the biology might resulted from variation in the weather parameters in closed conditions. The population dynamics of two spotted spider mites differed significantly under the protected cultivation compared to the open field condition and a peak population of mites were observed during the second fortnight of march (16th standard meteorological week) and the lowest population was observed during month of November and December as the results of unfavorable environmental condition.
GC-MS Analysis of the Bioactive Compounds in Aqueous Ethanol, Dichloromethane, and n-hexane Extracts of Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) Seed
Authors: Anyanwu C. F. , Georgewill O. A. , Georgewill U. O. , Jr. Eric Aigbogun
Published: June 2022

Aim: The study analysed the bioactive compounds (BACs) present in aqueous ethanol, dichloromethane, and n-hexane extracts of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) using Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique.

Methodology: The dried grounded seed C. pepo were successively extracted using the three solvents and GC-MS analysis was performed to identify the differential quantitative BACs in the extracts of C. pepo seeds.

Results: The GC-MS results revealed the presence of 5, 22, and 17 for aqueous ethanol, dichloromethane, and n-hexane extracts respectively. Of the over 434 bioactive compounds present in C. pepo, palmitic, stearic, linoleic compounds and their derivatives were the bioactive compounds found in all three extracts. Scientific evidences suggest that palmitic, stearic, linoleic, barbituric acids, and their derivatives have significant biological effects. Compounds without documented scientific evidence such as Silane, dimethyl(2-methoxyethoxy) octadecylocy-, (22R)-6.alpha., 11.beta., 21 Trihydroxy-16.alpha., 17.alpha.-propylmethylenedioxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, and Galactopyranose, 1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-(trimethylsilyl)-, .beta.-d- were found in n-hexane extract, while 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester E, Z-1,3,12-Nonadecatriene was found in dichloromethane extract.

Conclusion: Results of this study may provide a foundation for the application of C. pepo in nonclinical setting and the designing of new drug for several clinical purposes.
The Employee Performance in the Covid-19 Pandemic and Its Antecedents
Authors: Sutanto Eddy Madiono , Valentine Lady
Published: June 2022

Indonesia is currently experien­cing a Covid-19 pandemic. The Covid-19 pan­de­mic has had a bad impact on the majority of In­do­nesians. Companies in Indo­ne­sia were se­verely affected. Many companies have expe­ri­enced a decrease in turn­o­ver and sales. This situation has re­sult­ed in a reduction in employees to a cut in wa­ges. Com­pa­ny policy is undoubtedly not allow­ed to decrease employee performance, there­­fore. This study aimed to determine the effect of perceptions of salary on employee per­­for­mance through work motivation. The research subject was the employees in Surabaya who experienced salary cuts due to the Covid-19 impact. The sam­pling tech­nique was purposive sam­pling. The total number of respondents was 88. The PLS results showed that employees' per­ceptions of salary did not affect emplo­yee per­formance. Per­cep­tions of salary only affected work motivation. Work moti­va­tion af­fected em­ployee perform­ance, but work motiva­tion did not mediate the effect of per­ceptions of salary on employee per­formance.
Financial Risk Management in 2020's Recession: Evidence from ASEAN Countries
Authors: Krisvian Andreas , Rokhim Rofikoh
Published: June 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of bank financial risk consisting of liquidity risk, credit risk, and other factors on bank stability. This study took samples from 41 open conventional banks in five ASEAN countries that experienced crises, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. The analysis methods used in this study are a combination of simultaneous and non-simultaneous GMM and VECM for the data period between Q-4 2015 to Q-3 2020. It covers the period before and during the crisis. This study found a reciprocal effect of the two financial risks on bank stability in the long term, an effect of the combined two risks ­on bank stability in the short term, and other factors that also affect each of the risks and bank stability. The results of this study can provide further knowledge about bank financial risk management that can be useful for reducing the potential for bank bankruptcy during a crisis.
Prediction in Dissolved Oxygen Concentration and Occurrence of Hypoxia Water Mass in Jinhae Bay Based on Machine Learning Model
Authors: Park Seongsik , Kim Byeong Kuk , Kim Kyunghoi
Published: June 2022

We carried out studies on prediction in concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) with LSTM model and prediction in occurrence of hypoxia water mass (HWM) with decision tree. As results of study on prediction in DO concentration, a large number of Hidden node caused high complexity of model and required enough Epoch. And it was high accuracy in long Sequence length as prediction time step increased. The results of prediction in occurrence of HWM showed that the accuracy of nonHWM case was 66.1% in 30 day prediction, it was higher than 37.5% of HWM case. The reason is that the decision tree might overestimate DO concentration.
Unacknowledged and missed cases of sexual victimization: A comparison of responses to broad versus behaviorally specific questions
Authors: Marchewka Juliette , Tomaszewska Paulina , Schuster Isabell , Krahé Barbara
Published: June 2022

From the beginning of systematic research on sexual victimization, it has been recognized that a substantial proportion of women report nonconsensual sexual experiences meeting the defining criteria of rape in response to behaviorally specific items, but do not acknowledge their experience as rape in response to broad questions about whether they have ever been raped. Recent studies suggest that rates of unacknowledged rape may be as high or even higher among men than among women. This study examined rates of unacknowledged female and male victims of rape and sexual assault by comparing responses to behaviorally specific items of the Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale (SAV‐S) with responses to broad questions using the labels of sexual assault and rape (SARA) in 593 participants (303 women) in Germany. As predicted, more women and men were classified as rape victims based on behaviorally specific items than on the basis of the broad rape item. The rates of unacknowledged rape were about 60% for women and 75% for men. The gender difference was not significant. Against our prediction, no significant differences in acknowledgement of sexual assault were found in relation to coercive strategy and victim–perpetrator relationship. Few cases of rape and sexual assault identified by the SARA items were missed by the behaviorally specific questions. The implications for establishing prevalence rates of rape and sexual assault and for comparing victims and nonvictims in terms of vulnerability factors and outcomes of sexual victimization are discussed.
The Influence of Powder Reuse on the Properties of Laser Powder Bed‐Fused Stainless Steel 316L: A Review
Authors: Douglas Rory , Lancaster Robert , Jones Thomas , Barnard Nicholas , Adams Jack
Published: June 2022

There is a clear economic benefit for the recycling of metallic powder during additive manufacturing (AM). Laser powder bed fusion (L‐PBF) is one such AM process and research has found that the properties of the powder feedstock can change when the powder is reused through mechanisms such as spatter generation and alterations in chemistry. Such changes to powder properties can accumulate and may lead to significant differences in the mechanical properties of the final component. Often the changes to part properties are reasonably small; however, there is not currently enough understanding of the specific links between powder properties and the characteristics of the end component for the effects of powder recycling to be discounted. Herein, the typical lifecycle of stainless steel 316L powder in L‐PBF, the changes that occur to the powder feedstock, and the effects that this may have on the mechanical properties of components manufactured with recycled powder are reviewed.
Tuning the Laser‐Induced Processing of 3D Porous Graphenic Nanostructures by Boron‐Doped Diamond Particles for Flexible Microsupercapacitors
Authors: Deshmukh Sujit , Jakobczyk Pawel , Ficek Mateusz , Ryl Jacek , Geng Dongsheng , Bogdanowicz Robert
Published: June 2022

Carbon (sp3)‐on‐carbon (sp2) materials have the potential to revolutionize fields such as energy storage and microelectronics. However, the rational engineering and printing of carbon‐on‐carbon materials on flexible substrates remains a challenge in wearable electronics technology. This study demonstrates the scalable fabrication of flexible laser‐induced graphene (LIG)‐boron doped diamond nanowall (BDNW) hybrid nanostructures for microsupercapacitors. Direct laser writing on polyimide film is tuned by the presence of BDNW powder where an appreciable absorbance of the BDNWs at the CO2 laser wavelength enhances the local film temperature. The thermal shock due to laser irradiation produces graphitized and amorphous carbon at the diamond grain boundaries which increases the thermal and charge transfer capacity between the LIG–diamond interfaces. The samples are further treated with O2 plasma to tune the wettability or to improve the microsupercapacitor device performance. The outstanding electrical characteristics of graphene, exceptional electrochemical stability of diamond, and essential contributions of oxygen‐containing groups result in a remarkable charge storage capacity (18 mF cm−2 @ 10 mV s−1) and cyclic stability (98% retention after 10 000 cycles) outperforming most state‐of‐the‐art LIG‐based supercapacitors. Furthermore, despite extreme mechanical stress, these microsupercapacitors maintain their outstanding electrochemical properties, thus holding promise for high‐power, flexible/wearable electronics.
Electrical Sensing of the Thermal and Light‐Induced Spin Transition in Robust Contactless Spin‐Crossover/Graphene Hybrid Devices
Authors: Gavara‐Edo Miguel , Córdoba Rosa , Valverde‐Muñoz Francisco Javier , Herrero‐Martín Javier , Real José Antonio , Coronado Eugenio
Published: June 2022

Hybrid devices based on spin‐crossover (SCO)/2D heterostructures grant a highly sensitive platform to detect the spin transition in the molecular SCO component and tune the properties of the 2D material. However, the fragility of the SCO materials upon thermal treatment, light irradiation, or contact with surfaces and the methodologies used for their processing have limited their applicability. Here, an easily processable and robust SCO/2D hybrid device with outstanding performance based on the sublimable SCO [Fe(Pyrz)2] molecule deposited over chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene is reported, which is fully compatible with electronics industry protocols. Thus, a novel methodology based on growing an elusive polymorph of [Fe(Pyrz)2] (tetragonal phase) over graphene is developed that allows a fast and effective light‐induced spin transition in the devices (≈50% yield in 5 min) to be detected electrically. Such performance can be enhanced even more when a flexible polymeric layer of poly(methyl methacrylate) is inserted in between the two active components in a contactless configuration, reaching a ≈100% yield in 5 min.
Superior Fast‐Charging Lithium‐Ion Batteries Enabled by the High‐Speed Solid‐State Lithium Transport of an Intermetallic Cu6Sn5 Network
Authors: Lu Lei‐Lei , Zhu Zheng‐Xin , Ma Tao , Tian Te , Ju Huan‐Xin , Wang Xiu‐Xia , Peng Jin‐Lan , Yao Hong‐Bin , Yu Shu‐Hong
Published: June 2022

Superior fast charging is a desirable capability of lithium‐ion batteries, which can make electric vehicles a strong competition to traditional fuel vehicles. However, the slow transport of solvated lithium ions in liquid electrolytes is a limiting factor. Here, a LixCu6Sn5 intermetallic network is reported to address this issue. Based on electrochemical analysis and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy mapping, it is demonstrated that the reported intermetallic network can form a high‐speed solid‐state lithium transport matrix throughout the electrode, which largely reduces the lithium‐ion‐concentration polarization effect in the graphite anode. Employing this design, superior fast‐charging graphite/lithium cobalt oxide full cells are fabricated and tested under strict electrode conditions. At the charging rate of 6 C, the fabricated full cells show a capacity of 145 mAh g−1 with an extraordinary capacity retention of 96.6%. In addition, the full cell also exhibits good electrochemical stability at a high charging rate of 2 C over 100 cycles (96.0% of capacity retention) in comparison to traditional graphite‐anode‐based cells (86.1% of capacity retention). This work presents a new strategy for fast‐charging lithium‐ion batteries on the basis of high‐speed solid‐state lithium transport in intermetallic alloy hosts.
Supercritical Relaxor Nanograined Ferroelectrics for Ultrahigh‐Energy‐Storage Capacitors
Authors: Xie Aiwen , Fu Jian , Zuo Ruzhong , Jiang Xuewen , Li Tianyu , Fu Zhengqian , Yin Yuewei , Li Xiaoguang , Zhang Shujun
Published: June 2022

Supercritical relaxor nanograined ferroelectrics are demonstrated for high‐performance dielectric capacitors, showing record‐high overall properties of energy density ≈13.1 J cm−3 and field‐insensitive efficiency ≈90% at ≈74 kV mm−1 and superior charge–discharge performances of high power density ≈700 MW cm−3, high discharge energy density ≈6.67 J cm−3, and ultrashort discharge time <40 ns at 55 kV mm−1. Ex/in situ transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and synchrotron X‐ray diffraction provide clear evidence of the supercritical behavior in (Na,K)(Sb,Nb)O3–SrZrO3–(Bi0.5Na0.5)ZrO3 ceramics, being achieved by engineering the coexistence of multiple local symmetries within the ergodic relaxor zone. The vanished difference between the ground relaxor state and the high‐field supercritical state eliminates polarization hysteresis. The supercritical evolution with electric field enables a highly delayed polarization saturation with continuously increased polarization magnitudes. The results demonstrate that such a design strategy of compositionally induced and field‐manipulated supercritical behavior can be generalizable for developing desirable energy‐storage dielectrics for applications in ceramic/film capacitors.
New Insight into the Mechanism of Simultaneous Determination of Ascorbic Acid, Dopamine, and Uric Acid with Graphene Encapsulated CoFe Alloys Electrochemical Sensor
Authors: Hang Chen , Qin Yuxuan , Tian Gaoqi , Hu Junqing , Li Wenyao , Wu Jianghong
Published: June 2022

Herein, a novel electrochemical biosensor is simply constructed by using graphene encapsulated CoFe alloy nanocomposite (CoFe@G) as the electrode modifier for highly sensitive and simultaneous detection of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA). Cyclic voltammetry tests show well‐separated peaks for AA at −7 mV, DA at 186 mV, and UA at 325 mV. CoFe@G modifier improves the differentiation of oxidative potential gap between AA and DA, realizing selective detection of these biomolecules. The mechanism of selective detection ability is studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and in situ attenuated total reflection surface‐enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR‐SEIRAS) analysis. It is demonstrated that modifying CoFe@G on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) can effectively lower the oxidation potential of AA other modifiers such as GCE and Au, avoiding potential overlapping with DA and UA and realizing well‐resolved signals. QCM reveals that CoFe@G shows great improvement in adsorption of AA, which adsorbs on the graphene out layer in CoFe@G through CH and CO chemical bonding indicated by in situ ATR‐SEIRAS analysis. It is experimentally demonstrated that both electron transfer and adsorption ability determine the external applied potential to trigger oxidation reaction, but adsorption ability is dominative.
A Flexible, Redox‐Active, Aqueous Electrolyte‐Based Asymmetric Supercapacitor with High Energy Density Based on Keratin‐Derived Renewable Carbon
Authors: Sinha Prerna , Kar Kamal K. , Naskar Amit K.
Published: June 2022

This work exploits the advantage of asymmetric configuration over symmetric supercapacitor in designing high energy density flexible devices from two active electrode materials–keratin‐based renewable‐resource hierarchically porous carbon and hydrous ruthenium oxide (RuO2). The asymmetric device exhibits significantly high capacitance. Conventional estimation of energy storage parameters, however, cannot be applied for devices with a Faradaic energy storage contribution via redox charge transfer mechanism. Therefore, this work applies a precise measurement of pseudocapacitance contribution at various scan rates to correct the device data that reveals effective capacitance of 120 F g−1 with the energy density of 37 W h kg−1 at 776 W kg−1. It also retains excellent rate capability, >74% at high current density 25 A g−1. The charge storage activity and device stability can be further enhanced by introducing redox‐active electrolytes that improve specific capacitance, but the rate capabilities deteriorate at high current densities. Further, the principle of asymmetric electrode design is applied to fabricate a bending‐tolerant, flexible device by depositing active electrode material on wire‐shaped current collector followed by coupling those separated with polyvinyl alcohol gel containing redox electrolyte; it yields 36.8 mF cm−1 specific capacitance at a 0.2 mA cm−1 current density.
Femtosecond Laser One‐Step Direct Writing Electrodes with Ag NPs‐Graphite Carbon Composites for Electrochemical Sensing
Authors: He Jiahua , Wang Sumei , Jiang Lan , Li Xin , Hong Quan , Zhu Weihua , Sun Jiaxin , Zhang Xueqiang , Xu Zhao
Published: June 2022

The next generation of green electronic products will be flexible, eco‐friendly, have arbitrary patterning, and be produced using simple methods. Here, a silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs)–graphite carbon composite‐based electrochemical sensor is patterned on a flexible substrate by one‐step in situ femtosecond (fs) laser fabrication. Alkali lignin is used as a precursor and nontoxic natural reducing agent to reduce aqueous silver nitrate to produce Ag NPs. The fs laser carbonization process converts lignin into graphite carbon electrodes with diverse three‐dimensional (3D) micro/nano morphologies, causing less thermal damage to the Ag NPs and thin substrate. The 3D micro/nano morphologies combined with Ag NPs effectively increase the active surface area, conductivity, and catalytic activity of the electrode, which is further applied as an electrochemical sensor. This sensor has a wide linear detection range of nitrite from 1–4000 × 10−6 m, a detection limit of 0.117 × 10−6 m (S/N = 3), and long lifetime of 30 days. The sensor also has the potential to detect dopamine (DA). A detection limit of 0.098 × 10−6 m (S/N = 3) is obtained, with a linear detection range of 1–45 × 10−6 m. The sensor demonstrates a wide range of applications in food safety and human health‐related detection.
High Strength and High Wear‐Resistant Ti Composites Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy Pressureless Sintering
Authors: Liu Yanjun , Pan Yu , Sun Jianzhuo , Kuang Fan , Yu Aihua , Yang Shaofeng , Zhang Jiazhen , Lu Xin
Published: June 2022

In this work, high strength and high wear‐resistant titanium matrix composites (TMCs) reinforced with in situ TiC derived from pyrolysis of polysilazane (PSZ) are fabricated successfully. The processing technology is developed with a novel powder metallurgy method combining solution‐assisted wet mixing and pressureless sintering. The effects of PSZ addition on the microstructure, hardness, mechanical properties, and tribological properties are systematically studied. The TMCs possess better comprehensive properties compared to conventional ex situ methods. The pyrolysis of PSZ leads to the formation of TiC particles and N, Si atoms solid‐solution in the Ti matrix. The microstructure of the composites is homogenous and fine‐grained. The average grain size of α‐Ti decreases significantly from 106.1 µm of pure Ti to 37.2 µm of the 1.5 wt% PSZ/Ti composite. Among these TMCs, the 1.5 wt% PSZ/Ti composite displays comprehensively excellent mechanical properties with the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 711 MPa, yield strength (YS) of 568 MPa, and elongation (EL) of 8.0%. In addition, the composite possesses a high wear resistance with a low specific wear rate of 0.355 × 10−12 m3 N−1 m−1 under constant condition (0.03 m s−1, 2N).
Fabrication of Hyperuniform Dielectric Networks via Heat‐Induced Shrinkage Reveals a Bandgap at Telecom Wavelengths
Authors: Aeby Stefan , Aubry Geoffroy J. , Froufe‐Pérez Luis S. , Scheffold Frank
Published: June 2022

Recent studies report photonic bandgaps (PBGs) in disordered hyperuniform network structures numerically and experimentally for high enough refractive index contrast. However, the smallest experimental central gap wavelength that one can realize experimentally is not close to the essential near‐infrared light spectrum with adverse consequences for specific applications and more advanced experimental studies. Indeed, standard direct laser writing (DLW) lithography does not allow fabrication at a much higher resolution. Here, the authors demonstrate heat‐treatment induced uniform shrinkage of the network's polymer template obtained by DLW to reach smaller feature sizes and subsequent silicon coating, resulting in a pronounced gap near telecom wavelengths.
Facile Conjugated‐Polymer‐Based Flexible Lighting Fabrication and Microdeformation Monitoring
Authors: Gao Yifan , Wang Min , Zhang Zhen , Liu Yaming , Hu Shaowei , Liu Gaixia , Ji Hongjun , Zhao Weiwei , Ma Xing , Zhang Jiaheng , Li Mingyu , Wei Jun , Feng Huanhuan
Published: June 2022

Conjugated polymers (CPs) are an active research area and have been commonly used in optoelectronic devices, anticounterfeiting, bioimaging, and drug delivery due to their outstanding properties, such as a high quantum yield, photothermal stability, tunable spectra, and good biocompatibility. However, there have only been a few reports regarding flexible lighting due to the insoluble conjugated structure of CPs. Herein, a facile microemulsion method is used to solve the insolubility issue and fabricate CP nanoparticles for flexible lighting and microdeformation monitoring via high‐resolution inkjet printing. These CP nanoparticles are tuned to emit white light (color coordinates are (0.35, 0.35), and the correlated color temperature is 4810 K) by adjusting the CP ratios and polystyrene content. A CP‐based white light‐emitting diode (WLED) with a high color‐rendering index (up to 95) can be fabricated by coating these nanoparticles onto an ultraviolet light‐emitting diode (UVLED). At a driving current of 30 mA, the luminous efficacy of this WLED is 64 lm W−1 for at least 100 h. The resolution of the printing array is ≈40 μm (635 dots in−1), which can be used to detect 2 μm irreversible microdeformation. This approach may broaden the applications of CPs for flexible lighting and microdeformation monitoring.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Selective C‐F Bond Cleavage of Trifluoropropanamides Leading to (Z)‐N‐α‐Fluorovinylindoles
Authors: Du Xin , Zhang Wei‐Ming , Zhang Xing‐Guo , Tu Hai‐Yong
Published: June 2022

A defluorinative heteroarylation of trifluoropropanamides through N‐chelation‐assisted palladium‐catalyzed selective C−F activation has been developed. This reaction is compatible with a variety of trifluoropropanamides and indoles under mild reaction conditions to provide the stereospecific (Z)‐N‐α‐fluorovinylindoles in moderate to good yields.

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Placenta‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of Diseases: A Clinically Relevant Source
Authors: Moonshi Shehzahdi S. , Adelnia Hossein , Wu Yuao , Ta Hang Thu
Published: June 2022

The placenta is an organ that is discarded after childbirth. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from various parts of the placenta (PMSCs) are established as a rich, allogeneic, and sustainable source of MSCs in comparison to bone marrow MSCs (BM‐MSCs). PMSCs can be banked postnatally for future autologous and allogeneic applications in the treatment of diseases. PMSCs can be categorized as an intermediary between BM‐MSCs and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) as it is devoid of adverse aspects associated with the employment of ESCs accompanied with primitive and enhanced properties in comparison to BM‐MSCs. PMSCs are employed in the treatment of various diseases including cancer, neurological, bone, and cardiovascular disorders. This utility of PMSCs is due to its superior inherent characteristics in comparison to BM‐MSCs, which renders PMSCs more attractive for clinical translation. Herein, this review describes the superior inherent characteristics of PMSCS in contrast to BM‐MSCs including accessibility, higher expansion abilities, enhanced immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive properties, ability to differentiate beyond mesodermal lineages, pathotropic and regenerative abilities, lower immunogenicity, and anti‐cancer strategy that are correlated to its therapeutic application in the treatment of various diseases including corona virus infection started in 2019 in recent preclinical and preclinical studies.
Ultralow Lattice Thermal Conductivity and High Thermoelectric Figure of Merit in Dually Substituted Cu12Sb4S13 Tetrahedrites
Authors: Zhu Chen , Ming Hongwei , Zhang Jian , Li Di , Chen Tao , Qin Xiaoying
Published: June 2022

The thermoelectric properties of dually substituted Cu12−xInxSb4S12.8Se0.2 tetrahedrites are studied in temperature range from 300 to 723 K. The results indicate that dual substitution of In for Cu and Se for S not only causes the enhancement of thermopower S but also gives rise to a significant decrease in lattice thermal conductivity κL. An ultralow κL ≈0.2 W m−1 K−1 is obtained at 723 K in Cu11.95In0.05Sb4S12.8Se0.2 sample due to the enhanced phonon scattering mainly by point defects. Consequently, a high figure of merit ZTmax ≈1.0 is achieved in Cu11.95In0.05Sb4S12.8Se0.2 sample, which is ≈56% larger than that of pristine Cu12Sb4S13, indicating that dual substitution is effective in boosting the thermoelectric properties of tetrahedrites.
Low‐Tortuous MXene (TiNbC) Accordion Arrays Enabled Fast Ion Diffusion and Charge Transfer in Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Cao Zhenjiang , Chen Hao , Du Zhiguo , Gu Jianan , Zhu Qi , Li Bin , Yang Shubin
Published: June 2022

The widespread implementation of lithium metal anodes is indispensable for reviving high energy density lithium metal batteries. However, the sluggish ion diffusion and high charge‐transfer resistance in metallic lithium anodes hamper their rate capability and practical applications. Here, low tortuous MXene arrays are developed through the ultrafast spreading of an aqueous accordion‐like TiNbC‐MXene dispersion onto a hydrophobic surface. The low tortuous MXene arrays facilitate the fast infiltration of electrolytes, enabling the rapid diffusion of lithium ions. The MXene arrays with Nb species significantly improve the charge transfer in the electrode, homogenizing the electric field. Thus, the low tortuous MXene arrays constructed electrode without lithium dendrites delivers a high‐rate capability (20 mA cm−2) with a long cycle life (2500 cycles). Full cells with the dendrite, low tortuosity MXene arrays as anode show a high rate cycle stability up to 1000 cycles (4 C) under conditions of low negative/positive capacity ratio (2.0).
Stabilizing European Union farm incomes in the era of climate change
Authors: Boysen Ole , Boysen‐Urban Kirsten , Matthews Alan
Published: June 2022

No reliable supports protect European Union (EU) farmers from the catastrophic risks arising from extreme weather events, which are expected to increase in frequency and severity due to climate change. We compare alternative EU safety net policies to reduce farm income downside risks, which are transparent, predictable, and fair and operate with indices on an EU Member State (MS) level. Simulations with a tailored global model of a series of historic yield shocks as observed over past decades serve as a test bed to quantify the costs and benefits of these policies across EU MS using various risk metrics. The results highlight properties of and rankings among these polices useful for guiding future policy design and assessment.
Advances in Synthetic Strategies and Medicinal Importance of Benzofurans: A Review
Authors: Dwarakanath Deepika , Gaonkar Santosh L.
Published: June 2022

Out of the many heterocycles that exhibit pharmaceutical and therapeutic properties, benzofurans remain the most eye‐catching to scientists ever since their discovery. From being present in natural products to synthetic analogs they show diverse biological properties which are used to treat various diseases. Interestingly, some of the benzofuran hybrids were docked against COVID‐19 Main Protease and it showed appealing results. Apart from medicinal properties it also exhibits some non‐drug applications. The structure activity relationship of benzofuran derivatives in many infections draws attention to the extent where drugs can be produced in a short time span which highlights their significance in medicinal chemistry. There are considerable reaction schemes to synthesize this moiety either simple one pot reactions or multistep. Here, we emphasize on the chemistry of benzofurans, synthesis and its derivatives in the recent years, some of which show notable anti‐tumor, anti‐fungal, anti‐mycobacterial and anti‐oxidant activities.
Stationary Entanglement between Two Rotating Mirrors in a Laguerre–Gaussian Rotational‐Cavity Optomechanical System with an Optical Parametric Amplifier
Authors: Huang Sumei , Deng Li , Chen Aixi
Published: June 2022

Generation of entanglement between macroscale mechanical oscillators is challenging yet important for future quantum technologies. Here, the possibility of creating a steady‐state entanglement between two rotating mirrors in a Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) rotational‐cavity optomechanical system by placing an especially tuned degenerate optical parametric amplifier (OPA) inside the cavity is theoretically explored. In the resolved‐sideband regime, a LG cavity mode is driven by a Gaussian laser beam tuned to the first lower mechanical sideband. The Duan quantity and the logarithmic negativity is used to study the stationary entanglement between two rotating mirrors. The influence of the parametric gain and phase of the OPA, the input laser power, the temperature of the environment, and the topological charge of the LG cavity mode on the mechanical entanglement are investigated. The achievable maximal degree of entanglement is limited by the parametric gain of the OPA.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogenation of 9‐Phenanthrols
Authors: Zhang Shu‐Xin , Xu Cong , Yi Niannian , Li Shan , He Yan‐Mei , Feng Yu , Fan Qing‐Hua
Published: June 2022

The enantioselective hydrogenation of arenols to corresponding chiral cyclic alcohols remains a challenge because of their aromaticity and the difficulty in controlling the regio‐, chemo‐, and stereoselectivity. In this work, the first highly efficient ruthenium‐catalyzed enantioselective hydrogenation of 9‐phenanthrols has been successfully realized under mild conditions via trapping the unstable keto tautomers. The method provides a facile access to a range of chiral 9,10‐dihydrophenanthren‐9‐ols with up to 98 % yield and >99 % ee. The hydrogenation pathway includes base‐promoted tautomerization of 9‐phenanthrols and Ru‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of the in situ generated unstable keto tautomers.
Medical students' perceptions and performance in an online regional anatomy course during the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Zhang Ji‐Feng , Zilundu Prince Last Mudenda , Fu Rao , Zheng Xue‐Feng , Zhou Li‐Hua , Guo Guo‐Qing
Published: June 2022

The present study evaluated the students' psychological well‐being, experiences, performance, and perception of learning regional anatomy remotely. A regional anatomy remote learning curriculum was designed and learning materials were delivered virtually to 120 undergraduate medical students at Jinan University, China. All the students consented and voluntarily participated in this study by completing self‐administered online questionnaires including the Zung's Self‐Rating Anxiety and Depression Scales at the beginning and end of the learning session. A subset participated in focus group discussions. Most of the students (90.0%) positively evaluated the current distance learning model. More than 80% were satisfied with the content arrangement and coverage. Many students preferred virtual lectures (68.2%) and videos showing dissections (70.6%) during the distance learning sessions. However, writing laboratory reports and case‐based learning were the least preferred modes of learning as they were only preferred by 23.2% and 14.1% of the students, respectively. There was no significant lockdown‐related anxiety or depression reported by students using depression and anxiety scales as well as feedback from focus group discussions. The surveyed students' confidence scores in distance learning were significantly higher after 5 weeks than at the beginning of the session (3.05 ± 0.83 vs. 3.70 ± 0.71,P < 0.05). Furthermore, the present results showed no significant differences between the current group's academic performance in the unit tests as well as the final overall evaluation for different parts of the course compared to that of the previous year's cohort. The findings above were congruent with focus group discussion data that the use of the online teaching platform for regional anatomy significantly improved the students' confidence in virtual and self‐directed learning and did not negatively affect their academic performance.
Distributed aggregative games for Euler–Lagrange systems with system parameter uncertainties
Authors: Ma Te , Hu Chen , Deng Zhenhua , Liu Gang
Published: June 2022

In this paper, an aggregative game of Euler–Lagrange (EL) systems is studied, where the parameters of the EL systems are not available. To seek the Nash equilibrium of the game, a novel distributed Nash equilibrium seeking algorithm is proposed, where the system parameters are not used in the feedback control. Moreover, a Lyapunov function is constructed such that EL players are proved to exponentially converge to the Nash equilibrium of the game. Finally, an example in the electricity market is provided to illustrate our result.
Doubt on the statistical significance of the Giant GRB Ring
Authors: Fujii Hirokazu
Published: June 2022

Balázs et al. discovered a gigaparsec‐scale ring‐like cluster of gamma‐ray bursts (GRBs) at redshift , the so‐called Giant GRB Ring (GGR), and claimed that the existence of such a gigantic structure challenges the standard cosmological paradigm. We show that the kth nearest neighbor analysis of Balázs et al., by which they estimated the probability of finding by chance a GRB cluster comparable to the GGR to be only 0.05%, has several flaws in the statistical reasoning. After correcting these flaws, the above probability becomes 5–20%, considerably higher than the original estimate and large enough to discard the hypothesis that the GGR has a physical origin. Moreover, this probability is even higher, 60–90%, when using the most recent compilation of GRB data whose redshifts have been measured. We conclude that the GGR is merely a pattern that occurred by chance in the random distribution of GRBs.
An environmentally friendly production ofester‐biolubricantfrom oleic acid
Authors: Ramos F. Javier , de Haro Juan Carlos , Rodríguez Juan Francisco , Pérez Ángel , Carmona Manuel
Published: June 2022

The production of oleic‐based trimethylolpropane (TMP) esters via the esterification reaction between oleic acid (OA) and TMP in a reactive distillation system, employing the environmentally friendly catalyst methanesulfonic acid, was explored. The homogeneous acid catalyst, the OA/TMP molar ratio within 1.0–3.0, the esterification reaction enhancement and a new purification technique, using choline hydroxide (ChOH), for obtaining choline carboxylate as a subproduct, were studied. It was found that using an OA/TMP molar ratio of 3.0, only unreacted OA remained as an impurity. The deleterious or beneficial effect of intermediate products, unreacted OA and temperature on the kinematic viscosity were unraveled. The kinematic viscosity behavior for the products was practically independent of temperature but an abrupt enlargement of the kinematic viscosity was observed in the presence of functional groups in the intermediate esters, even greater than the Mark–Houwink counterpart effect. On contrary, the presence of OA in the final product decreased the kinematic viscosity attending to its lower molecular weight with respect to the trimethylolpropane trioleate one. It was found that trimethylolpropane monooleate is undesirable for the viscosity index, whereas the presence of trimethylolpropane dioleate could also increase the viscosity index to a small extent, requiring a complex purification process. Finally, it is possible to affirm that the optimal TMP‐based lubricant obtained using an OA/TMP molar ratio of 3.0, after OA neutralization presented good marginal benefit and a viscosity index of 208.7, which is applicable for gear lubricants. © 2022 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.