bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pastorpreneur: Sebuah upaya pengembangan spririt enterpreneur bagi pemimpin gereja
Authors: Oentoro Jimmy Boaz
Published: October 2024

Tujuan penulisan artikel ilmiah ini adalah untuk memberikan pemahaman yang objektif dan seimbang tentang kegiatan usaha yang dilakukan oleh hamba Tuhan sepenuh wak. Terdapat pandangan bahwa hamba Tuhan tidak boleh berbisnis, karena bisnis adalah hal yang sekuler.  Pandangan lain, hamba Tuhan boleh berbisnis untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya dan gerejanya.  Tulisan ini menawarkan pandangan bahwa para pendeta dapat melakukan kegiatan wirausaha, yang memberikan dampak positif dalam hal kesejahteraan secara umum pada komunitas, masyarakat dan bangsa. Istilah yang diusung adalah pastorpreneur, yaitu seorang pastor atau gembala yang juga menjadi entrepreneur. Kebutuhan untuk pastorpreneur dilatarbelakangi masalah ekonomi nasional yang masih perlu akselerasi melalui lahirnya banyak wirausahawan baru. Gereja dipandang dapat menyumbangkan kewirausahaan melalui peranan pengusaha Kristen, termasuk para pendetanya yang terjun ke dunia usaha sebagai wirausahawan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kompilasi literatur ilmiah mutakhir, baik dari sudut pandang teologi praktis maupun kewirausahaan, tentang dan seputar pendeta yang melakukan kegiatan wirausaha.  Selain memberikan wawasan, tulisan ini juga berupaya memberikan penerapan praktis dan rambu-rambu yang perlu diperhatikan oleh para pastorpreneur. Diharapkan tulisan ini dapat mendorong munculnya para pastorpreneur dan memberikan peta dalam pengembangan kewirahusahaan para pemimpin gereja.
Unlocking meaning: Truth-conditional semantic and syntactic analysis in the Bible
Authors: Stevani Margaret
Published: October 2024

This research focused on complex conditional sentences in the Christian bible, employing truth-conditional semantics and syntactic analysis to uncover their theological messages. A qualitative study analyzed 20 verses, categorized into four types of conditional sentences according to Ferdinand de Saussure's syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations. It involved word analysis, structural classification, context correlation, synonymous exploration, and historical and theological consideration. The findings revealed several key insights. First, conditional sentences in the Christian bible predominantly featured compound-complex structures with an active voice, highlighting subjects and actions in religious verses. Second, they adhered to declarative formats, aligning with truth-telling principles in religious contexts. Third, complex structures and subordinate clauses conveyed conditional details, reasons, and situations, elaborating on the interplay between syntax and semantics. This research enriched our understanding of the relationship among verb forms, modal verbs, and diverse meanings within English conditional sentence types in the Christian bible. Fourth, this research had a significant social impact on human development from a theological perspective by enhancing spiritual growth, critical thinking, and ethical understanding. It promoted personal transformation and reflective faith, providing religious leaders with tools to interpret scripture more accurately. Additionally, the research clarified how biblical language communicated moral imperatives, supported ethical frameworks, and facilitated interfaith dialogue. Preserving theological heritage contributed to the holistic development of individuals and communities. Ultimately, this study aimed to ensure the Bible's relevance in shaping social behavior aligned with Christian teachings.
Cemâleddin el-Kâsımî’nin Selefî Kimliğinde Mehâsinü’t-Te’vîl’deki İbnü’l-Arabî Atıflarının Yeri
Authors: Çol Muhammet
Published: October 2024

Cemâleddin el-Kâsımî, tarihsel kökene sahip çağdaş Selefi hermenötik paradigmanın sembol isimlerinden olup Ehl-i Hadîs merkezli çağdaş Selefî düşünce dünyasının izleri, eserlerinin genelinin yanında Mehâsinü’t-te’vîl’de de mevcuttur. Durum böyle olmakla birlikte genel olarak Selefî düşüncenin sıcak bakmadığı tasavvufî yönelimin izleri onun hayatında ve çalışmalarında görülmektedir. Dolayısıyla burada bir problem vardır. Bu düzlemde makalede sosyal bilimlerin veri toplama, sentez, analiz ve mukayese gibi araştırma yöntemleri dikkate alınarak tasavvufî ve Selefî yönünün tefsirindeki İbnü’l-Arabî atıflarından hareketle incelenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Homojen yapı arz etmeyen Selefîliğin, Kâsımî üzerindeki etki boyutunun ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Sistem olarak Mehâsinü’t-te’vîl’deki Selefî kimliğini gösteren genel uygulamalarından hareketle tasavvufa bakışı, tasavvufî kaynakları, yorumları ve eleştirilerinin ardına düşülecek ve bunlardan sonra İbnü’l-Arabî atıfları merkezinde Kâsımî’nin literatürdeki konumuna bakılacaktır. Bu bağlamda makalenin temel problematiği Selefî kimliğe sahip olduğu bilinen Kâsımî’nin normalde tasavvuf karşıtı olması beklenirken tasavvufî yönelimin izlerini tefsirinde göstermesinin ve vahdet-i vücûd düşüncesinin kurucularından İbnü’l-Arabî’ye atıf yapmasının ne anlama geldiğinin ortaya çıkarılmasıdır. Bu doğrultuda makalede Mehâsinü’t-te’vîl’deki tasavvufî kimliğini gösteren uygulamalarının ardına düşülerek “rü’yetullah, tevessül, Firavun’un imanı ve kelâmullah” meselelerindeki İbnü’l-Arabî atıfları tahlil edilmiş, bunların düşünce boyutuna etkisi araştırma konusu yapılmıştır. İbnü’l-Arabî atıflarının Selefîliğine etkisi üzerinde durulmuş ve tasavvuf düşüncesine menfî radikal bir tavırla yaklaşmadığı fark edilmiştir.
Perbandingan Prediksi Asimilasi data Radiasi Satelit Pada Kejadian Siklon Tropis Seroja Menggunakan WRFDA CRTM dan RTTOV
Authors: Kurniati Ranti , Sagita Novvria , Hanggoro Wido
Published: October 2024

Asimilasi adalah salah satu metode yang dapat memperbaiki ketidakpastian nilai kondisi awal model dalam prediksi cuaca numerik agar dapat mendekati hasil observasinya. Salah satu data yang dapat digunakan untuk asimilasi yaitu data radiasi satelit. Terdapat 2 Radative Transfer Model dalam mengasimilasi data radiasi satelit yaitu Radiative Transfer Model for TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (RTTOV) dan Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM). Pada penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan hasil keluaran model kedua RTM dalam mengasimilasi data radiasi satelit polar pada kejadian Siklon Tropis Seroja dengan membandingkan hasil dari parameter tekanan minimum di pusat siklon, kecepatan angin maksimum disekitar siklon, dan lintasan dari siklon tropis Seroja. Prediksi untuk parameter tekanan, hasil keluaran model yang paling mendekati data observasi yaitu DA-RTTOV dengan nilai korelasi sebesar 0,40 dan RSME sebesar 7,30 hPa, untuk DA-CRTM memiliki korelasi sebesar 0,29 dan RSME sebesar 9,82 hPa, sedangkan korelasi NONDA sebesar 0,26 dan RSME sebesar 9,22 hPa. Untuk parameter kecepatan angin maksimum disekitar Siklon Tropis Seroja nilai korelasi yang mendekati nilai observasi yaitu DA-CRTM dengan korelasi sebesar 0,34 dan RSME sebesar 17,40 knot, nilai korelasi DA-RTTOV sebesar 0,33 dengan RSME sebesar 12,32 knot dan nilai korelasi NONDA sebesar 0,20 dengan RSME sebesar 16,21 knot. sedangkan untuk lintasan Siklon Tropis Seroja, penyimpangan terkecil dikeluarkan oleh model DA-CRTM dengan rentang DPE lintasan siklon sebesar 9,6 km hingga 107,4 km, untuk hasil model DA-RTTOV memiliki rentang dari 14,1 km hingga 299,9 km dan hasil keluaran model yang sering melenceng cukup jauh dikeluarkan oleh NONDA dengan rentang 7,9 km hingga 448,4 km.
Climate change projects and youth engagement: Empowerment and contested knowledge.
Authors: STAVRIANAKIS KOSTAS , NIELSEN JACOB A.E. , MORRISON ZOE
Published: October 2024

This study investigated youths’ empowerment through EU-funded climate change projects (CCPs) and the role that social research and public engagement have in that process. The importance of considering youth empowerment in a time of climate change is increasingly recognised. Youths are exposed to interrelated health, social, economic, and political vulnerabilities caused by climate change, but they often have limited resources to address and navigate these changes. To help address these issues youth empowerment holds the potential to give youth a greater influence over their life in the context of evolving climate change. EU-funded CCPs plays a crucial role in EU’s climate mitigation and adaption policies and the implementation of these projects can have widespread implications for youth across the EU. However, despite this, there is little research that explores the local youth implications of EU-funded CCPs. In this paper we want to start addressing this knowledge gap by exploring how youth empowerment was facilitated, shaped, and restrained over a year-long collaboration with students from a Greek school as part of an EU Horizon 2020 project on social acceptance of Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCUS) technologies. The findings indicate that the activities provided the students with opportunities to explore and express different types of concerns, knowledges and perspectives on issues related to climate change, social acceptance and CCUS. However, the empowering potential of these activities were also shaped by power differentials and contestations around what types of knowledge should matter and the source of that knowledge. Although the capacity to engage with youth through Horizon 2020 resources is feasible, more longitudinal and meaningful participation is needed.
Conscious Intelligent Feedback Model
Authors: HuaZQi
Published: October 2024

This paper makes an in-depth analysis of the phenomenon of consciousness from three aspects: the essence of consciousness, conscious consciousness and conscious intelligence model. First of all, this paper discusses the essence of consciousness, puts forward the theoretical framework of subject angle, and points out that consciousness is the content change of subject angle, which corresponds to the structural change of entity one by one. Then, through concrete examples, such as animal conscious neural network, this paper expounds in detail how consciousness is related to the main structure, neural network structure and the objective world. Finally, this paper discusses the model of conscious intelligence, pointing out that conscious intelligence is a model in which multi-cells cooperate with the whole feedback to record natural change data and form a data structure model, so that changes can be predicted in advance to avoid disadvantages through data structure model reasoning, and the analysis and conception of CIFM(Conscious Intelligence Feedback Model) are put forward.Keywords:Consciousness；Subjective Perspective；Conscious neural network；Conscious Intelligent Feedback Model
Gamification of Medical School Formative Assessments
Authors: Irfan Muhammad R. , Qureshi Maheen , Waseem Fesih Muhammad
Published: October 2024

Medical schools in developing countries often face challenges in maintaining student engagement, leading to monotony and burnout. We introduced gamification in formative assessments using a competitive game with paper cups, ping pong balls, and case-based MCQs. This approach sparked deeper discussions, improved participation, and revealed important limitations in sustaining engagement, emphasizing the need for strategic integration of game-based learning.
Model-based planning is unaffected by ketamine, antidepressant and internet delivered cognitive behavioural therapy treatments
Authors: Donegan Kelly Rose , Hossein Shabnam , Panny Benjamin , Brown Vanessa , Lee Sharon Chi Tak , Harty Siobhan , Lynch Kevin , Fox Celine A , Hanlon Anna , O'Keane Veronica , Stephan Klaas Enno , Gillan Claire M , Price Rebecca
Published: October 2024

Background: Cognitive impairments have been observed in patients with depression. These include deficits in inhibition, shifting, and updating; cognitive processes that are critical for goal-directed control over behavior (‘model-based planning’). But despite this, research investigating model-based planning in depression has itself been mixed. We aimed to address this by taking a within-person approach, examining model-based planning before and after a range of effective treatments for depression.Method: Across two parallel studies, participants completed a two-step reinforcement learning paradigm before and after antidepressant medication, internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) or intravenous (IV) ketamine infusion. In experiment 1, 93 patients with treatment-resistant depression were randomized to a single dose of IV ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) or IV saline (50 mL 0.9% NaCl). In Experiment 2, 781 participants were followed for four weeks of antidepressant (N=83), or iCBT (N=611) treatment. N=87 participants without any psychiatric diagnosis were followed as a control group.Results: In both experiments, depressive symptoms significantly improved in treatment groups compared to their corresponding control groups, but model-based planning did not change. Moreover, individual differences in model-based planning did not predict differential response to ketamine, iCBT or antidepressant treatments. Individual differences in model- based planning at baseline were associated with compulsivity, but not depression symptoms.Conclusions: These findings suggest that model-based planning is not necessarily compromised in depression and does not improve following treatments. This result provides evidence for the trait-like nature of model-based planning and underscores the specificity of its relation to disorders of compulsivity.
Counting crowds: New visitor estimation tools for parks and protected areas
Authors: Dagan Dani , Brownlee Matthew Tyler James , Henry Cait , Wood Spencer A , Winder Samantha G.
Published: October 2024

Managers of parks and protected areas estimate the number of people who visit the lands and waters they steward to protect natural resources, improve visitor experiences, and communicate the value of public lands. However, the practice of visitor estimation is complex, challenging, and the methods are highly varied. While researchers and practitioners have spent decades improving and testing visitor estimation methods, determining the best approach for a specific situation remains difficult. As new methods have emerged in recent years, the need to evaluate them in the context of existing methods has become apparent. However, there has been little synthesis of this knowledge. Beginning with a systematic literature review and concluding with a Delphi approach, we review trends and themes in the research to develop a synthesized decision tool to aid in the practice of estimating visitors. We find that the volume of publications and variety of methods present in the literature has increased in recent years. Additionally, some methods are more prevalent in peer-reviewed journals than agency manuals, suggesting the connection between research and practice could be improved. We also identify three themes in the literature: all methods have benefits and shortcomings; emerging technologies create viable data; and these novel data require calibration. We synthesize our findings in table that we call the comparability matrix, which distills 30 attributes about 18 visitor estimation methods into one decision tool. This tool is hosted in an interactive online format for practitioners and researchers. Overall, we found that this two-phase approach, a systematic literature review followed by a Delphi method, is effective for subjects such as visitor estimation that are vast in scope and diverse in application.
Pemeriksaan Operasional Pada Pengelolaan Persediaan Untuk Meningkatkan Efektivitas Dan Efisiensi (Studi Kasus pada Restoran Bebek Buma)
Authors: Vikis  , Endarwati
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prosedur pengelolaan dan pengawasan persediaan, faktor penyebab pengelolaan persediaan bahan baku dan pemeriksaan operasional terhadap peningkatan efisiensi dan efektivitas dalam pengelolaan dan pengawasan persediaan di restauran Bebek Buma. Pengelolaan dan pengawasan persediaan bahan baku sangat besar pengaruhnya bagi restauran terutama dalam mengefisiensikan persediaan bahan baku agar tidak terjadi kelebihan atau kekurangan bahan baku. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Proses penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan wawancara 5 orang karyawan, 1 orang ketua divisi dan 4 orang karyawan sebagai crew atau disebut juga tim dapur. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah pemeriksaan persediaan bahan baku pada restaurant Bebek Buma. Hasil penelitian ini mengemukakan bahwa pengelolaan persediaan di restaurant Bebek Buma sudah cukup baik, akan tetapi pengawasaan persediaan bahan baku belum terlaksana secara efektif karena kurang diperketatnya dalam pemeriksaan persediaan dengan SOP yang telah ditetapkan oleh manajemen Bebek Buma.
Analisis Perbandingan Perhitungan Pajak Penghasilan Pasal 21 Berdasarkan PP58/2023 Dengan UU Pasal 17 Pada PT. BCA
Authors: Hermawanti Nelsha Fariska , Sucahyati Diarany
Published: October 2024

Sejak 1 Januari 2024, pemerintah menerbitkan Peraturan Pemerintahan Nomor 58 Tahun 2023 (PP 58/2023) sebagai penyempurnaan dari Undang Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2021 (UU Pasal 17) yang digunakan untuk menghitung PPh Pasal 21, atas berlakunya PP58/2023 menyebabkan adanya perubahan dalam menghitung PPh Pasal 21 yang saat ini harus menggunakan dua tarif. Tujuan dari penetian ini untuk menganalisis perbedaan proses perhitungan PPh pasal 21 antara PP58/2023 dengan UU Pasal 17. Pengkajian ini bermetode deskripsi kualitatif guna membahas permasalahan mendeskripsikan, mengkalkulasi serta membedakan kondisi yang perhitungan Pajak Penghasilan Pasal 21. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perhitungan menggunakan TER dengan Tarif Progresif akan ada perbedaan atau selisih, bisa nihil, bisa kurang bayar dan bisa lebih bayar. Jadi itu alasannya mengapa perhitungan progresif dilakukan dibulan desember, tujuannya untuk mengetahui apakah perhitungan TER selama bulan Januari sampai November sudah sesuai dengan perhitungan semestinya.
Analisis Sistem Pengendalian Internal Pada Siklus Pembelian Di Departemen Food And Beverage Product
Authors: Pamungkasari Shandra Agusti , Andayani Sari
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sistem pengendalian internal dalam siklus pembelian di HARRIS Hotel & Conventions Gubeng Surabaya. Menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Setelah data terkumpul, dilakukan analisis data melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Penelitian ini melibatkan staf dari departemen food and beverage product serta bagian logistik akuntansi yang terlibat dalam siklus pembelian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa analisis terhadap lima unsur struktur pengendalian internal menurut COSO, yaitu lingkungan pengendalian, penilaian risiko, kegiatan pengendalian, informasi dan komunikasi, serta pemantauan, menyimpulkan bahwa sistem pengendalian internal dalam siklus pembelian pada departemen food and beverage product belum optimal namun sudah cukup baik diterapkan.
Pengaruh Pemahaman Dasar Akuntansi Terhadap Penerapan Pencatatan Akuntansi di Bandar Udara Husein Sastranegara Bandung
Authors: Taufik Hidayatullah  , Desiana Rachmawati
Published: October 2024

UMKM menjadi salah satu wadah bagi penciptaan lapangan pekerjaan masyarakat di Indonesia. Adanya lapangan pekerjaan yang terbuka dari UMKM dapat mengurangi tingkat pengangguran di wilayah sekitar UMKM beroperasi, UMKM juga memegang peranan sangat penting bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji pengaruh pemahaman dasar akuntansi pelaku UMKM terhadap penerapan pencatatan akuntansi. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuantitatif untuk menguji hipotesis. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesiner tertutup. Populasi yang diambil adalah pelaku UMKM di Bandar Udara Kertajati. Menggunakan sampel jenuh, peneliti menetapkan sampel sebanyak 50 pelaku UMKM. Hipotesis diuji menggunakan regresi linear sederhana. Terdapat dua variabel, yaitu pemahaman dasar akuntansi (X) dan penerapan pencatatan akuntansi (Y). Pengujian hipotesis menghasilkan bahwa pemahaman dasar akuntansi yang dimiliki pelaku UMKM berpengaruh positif terhadap penerapan pencatatan akuntansi dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 dan t-hitung 5,105. Semakin tinggi pemahaman dasar akuntansi yang dimiliki oleh pelaku UMKM, yaitu pemilik UMKM, maka semakin tinggi pula kemungkinan UMKM tersebut menerapkan pencatatan akuntansi yang benar. Beberapa responden berpendapat bahwa pencatatan akuntansi tidak diperlukan, beberapa berpendapat bahwa selama banyak pembeli dan produk laku terjual maka usaha pasti memeroleh keuntungan. Pendapat ini disebabkan oleh ketidakpahaman pelaku UMKM mengenai dasar akuntansi dan tujuannya sehingga tidak melakukan pencatatan akuntansi
Evaluation of Promising Lines and Biofortified Varieties of Wheat in Tikapur, Kailali, Nepal
Authors: Sharma Raksha , Rajbanshi Devraj , Bohara Binod , Magar Sangita Gaha , Sharma Ganesh
Published: October 2024

Variety is one of the major factors affecting the productivity of wheat in Nepal. To compare the performance of promising lines, zinc fortified wheat and popular varieties of wheat, the field experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design at Agronomy farm of Far Western University, Tikapur, Kailali during November 2022. Observations were made on the growth stages, plant height, yield attributing traits and yields. The results revealed significant variation among the varieties at 5% level of significance. Among the promising lines compared, NL 1451 was significantly superior (p≤0.05) in yielding the number of effective tillers (338), grains per spike (48), grain yield (3.79 t ha-1) and straw yield (7.07 t ha-1) but BL 4951 had significantly smallest plant height and spike length. Similarly, NL 1446 also performed better after NL 1451 yielding more than 3.5 t ha-1. Among the recommended varieties compared, Zinc gahun-2 performed poorly than Zinc gahun-1 in all the parameters except for total tiller count, effective tiller count, grain filling period and peduncle length. BL 4951 outperformed all the Nepal lines and varieties in plant height and spike length but could not perform better in other parameters.
Response of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) to Rhizobium inoculation and Irrigation Schedule in Siraha, Nepal
Authors: Chaulagain Pushpa , Sah Shrawan K , Jaishi Ajay
Published: October 2024

Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) productivity in Nepal is indeed lower compared to its potential yield due to inadequate nutrient management and soil moisture depletion. Use of effective plant growth promoting bacteria and proper irrigation scheduling in mungbean can enhance its production and productivity. To study the response of Rhizobium inoculation and irrigation schedule on growth and yield of mungbean, a field experiment was conducted in a split-plot field layout at a farmers' field in Dhangadimai Municipality, Siraha, Nepal from March 2023 to June 2023. The treatments consisted of four levels of irrigation (i.e. Rainfed, Irrigation at vegetative stage (V), irrigation at reproductive stage (R) and irrigation at both (V and R) in main plots and two levels of biofertilizer (with and without Rhizobium inoculation) in sub plots which was replicated three times. Plant height, leaf numbers, number of effective branches, pod length, and grain per pod were recorded highest in mungbean inoculated with rhizobium, and irrigation at both V and R stages. The highest grain yield (1.81 Mtha-1) was obtained from the treatment having irrigation at both V and R stages, followed by irrigation scheduled at R (1.56 Mtha-1), V (1.47 Mtha-1), and rainfed condition (1.34 Mtha-1). The grain yield was higher in inoculated (1.58 Mtha-1) than in non-inoculated mungbean (1.50 Mtha-1). Rhizobium inoculated crops irrigated during V stage only, irrigated during R stage only and irrigated at both V and R stages increased grain yield by 6.32%, 5% and 17% respectively as compared to rainfed conditions. Number of effective nodules per plant was 79 % higher in inoculated (15.72) than in non-inoculated plots (4). The best combination was found in the treatment where irrigation was applied in both V and R stages with Rhizobium inoculation. Thus, application of rhizobium inoculation and irrigation at V and R stages showed a positive response to growth parameters, yield attributing characters, and yield.
Factors Influencing the Use and Choice of Formal Agriculture Credit Sources among Rice Farmers in Chitwan District, Nepal
Authors: Singh Bikram Kumar , Singh Om Prakash , Bhatta Sushmita , Sapkota Smriti , Mishra Binayak Prakash
Published: October 2024

Agriculture credit is important to sustain and further improve farming practices among rice farmers in developing countries like Nepal. Agriculture credit from formal sources safeguard farmers from fraud and misconduct which are common in informal sources. An investigation was carried out in Chitwan district of Nepal during January, 2023 to identify the factors influencing the use of formal agriculture credit among rice farmers. Further, factors influencing choice of sources among formal agriculture credit users was also assessed. Using random sampling, 59 formal agriculture credit users and 46 informal agriculture credit users were used for the study. Descriptive statistics and logit model were used to interpret the findings. Results revealed that use of formal agriculture credit increases with availability of off-farm income source and membership to agricultural cooperatives among farm household. Efforts should be made to promote participation in agricultural cooperatives to increase usage of formal agriculture credit among farm household. Similarly, choice of cooperatives over bank and microfinance increases with less formal education of the household head and non-availability of off-farm income source among farm household. Likely, choice of bank increases with no participation in agricultural cooperatives and choice of microfinance increases with higher contact with extension workers. Agriculture cooperatives should be further strengthened to provide timely and adequate credit, as it seems to support formal credit users characterized by lower formal education and no off-farm income source.
Reimagining English Language Teaching in Nepal: Educators' Insights on Paradigm Shifts
Authors: Ram Nath Neupane
Published: October 2024

The field of language teaching has undergone significant transformations, with advancements reshaping traditional methodologies and incorporating innovative techniques.The present study aimed to explore educators’ insights on a paradigm shift in English Language Teaching (ELT). The researcher adopted interpretivism as a philosophical ontology and subjectivism as an epistemology of the research paradigm as the researcher believes on the multiple views of the respondents. Here, the present research was based on the insights and experiences of secondary-level English teachers. The researcher selected three secondary-level English teachers from Rupandehi district using purposive sampling. Here,he prepared an interview guideline and interviewed the sampled teachers for in-depth information.The results reveal that English Language Teaching (ELT) has shifted from content-focused, authoritarian approaches to more student-centered methods, emphasizing skills such as communication, collaboration, and critical thinking. Teachers now act as facilitators, leading to improvements in classroom management, ICT integration, and continuous assessment.Professional development is prioritized, and new concepts such as 21st-century skills, global Englishes, and technological advancements are shaping the modern ELT.This study highlights key trends in traditional and modern ELT, making it useful for educators seeking to adapt their teaching strategies to current best practices. ELT practitioners, who want to enhance their expertise, can benefit from this study.
'शहीद' कथामा करुण रस
Authors: शारदा Sharada खनाल Khanal
Published: October 2024

प्रस्तुत लेखमा पूर्वीय संस्कृत काव्यशास्त्रमा स्थापित रससिद्धान्तलाई आधार बनाएर गरुप्रसाद मैनालीको शहीद कथामा प्रयुक्त करुण रसको अवस्थाको अध्ययन विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत कथामा करुण रसको पहिचान गर्नु यस अध्ययनको मूल शोध्य तथा प्राज्ञिक समस्या हो । शहीद कथालाई स्थापित सिद्धान्तका आधारमा सघन पाठविश्लेषण विधिअनुरुप सूक्ष्म र सन्दर्भपरक अध्ययनसमेत गरिएकाले यो अध्ययन गुणात्मक प्रकृतिको रहेको छ । विभिन्न भावयुक्त घटनाहरूको संयोजनद्वारा रसको परिपाक तथा साधारणीकरण हुने भएकाले अध्ययनको आधार रस सिद्धान्तलाई बनाइएको हो । यस लेखमा करुण रसको अभिव्यक्तिका निम्ति विभाव, अनुभाव र व्यभिचारी भावहरूको संयोजन के कसरी भएको छ भन्ने पक्षको विश्लेषण गरी करुण रसलाई अङ्गी र वीर तथा बीभत्स रसलाई अङ्ग रसको रूपमा चित्रण गरिएको छ । यसै व्रmममा करुण रसलाई परिपाकमा पु¥याउन अङ्ग रसहरूले खेलेको भूमिकालाई समेत स्पष्ट पारिएको छ । प्रस्तुत कथामा आफ्ना सम्पूर्ण निजी समस्यालाई थाती राखेर नेपाल र नेपालीका निम्ति शहीद हुने प्रमुख पात्र वीरबहादुरको साहुले घरजग्गा बन्धकमा लिनु, छोरो मरेको वर्षदिन नहुँदै वीरबहादुरको पनि मृत्यु हुनु, म पात्रले वीरबहादुरकी श्रीमती डल्लीलाई चिठी पनि कसरी लेखिदिऊँ, उनीसँग व्रिmया गर्ने पैसा पनि छैन होला भन्दै भक्कानिएर आँखाबाट आँसु झार्नु जस्ता कथ्य सन्दर्भबाट करुण रसको परिपाक भएको र वीरबहादुरले गरेका कार्य, उसको स्थिति, सोचाइ र उसप्रति गलत व्यक्तिहरूले गरेका व्यवहारले करुण रसको परिपाकका निम्ति महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेलेको अवस्थाको चित्रणले करुण रसलाई परिपाकमा पु¥याएको निष्कर्ष प्राप्त भएको छ ।
دور المدقق الخارجي والحد من المخاطر المصرفية المؤثرة في الاستمرارية المصارف
Authors: صدام كاطع هاشم
Published: October 2024

يهدف البحث الى بيان دور المدقق الخارجي في الحد من المخاطر المصرفية من خلال قياس والتقييم المخاطر المالية في القوائم المالية وفق المؤشرات المالية والكشف عنها من اجل تقييم مدى ملائمة فرض الاستمرارية كأساس لإعداد تلك القوائم في عينه من المصارف العراقية المدرجة في سوق العراق للأوراق المالية.
نتناول في هذا البحث الإطار النظري لمفهوم المخاطر المصرفية وانواعها، وتأثيرها في النشاط المصرفي، والمؤشرات قياس المخاطر المصرفية، ومسؤولية المدقق الخارجي في مراقبة المخاطر المصرفية، والتحقق من فرض الاستمرارية.
وأن أدوات البحث تركزت على دراسة القوائم المالية للمصارف عينة والبحث وقياس مخاطر كفاية راس المال، نسبة السيولة ( LCR) ونسبة التمويل المستقر(NSFR)، وافتراح برنامج تدقيق المبني على المخاطر المصرفية وتحقيق فرض الاستمرارية المصارف.
 وكانت اهم استنتاجات البحث هي أن المخاطر المصرفية بانها الاحداث والظروف الخطرة المتوقع حدوثها والتي تؤثر على نشاط المصرف كشركة مستمرة مما ينبغي مراقبتها وتقليل الاثار المترتبة على نشاطه، واما اهم التوصيات كانت، ضرورة إقامة دورات في إدارة المخاطر لتزويد الملاكات العاملة في المصارف بالمعرفة التامة بآلية التعامل مع تلك المخاطر تبعا لأنواعها ومصادرها وكيفية مواجهتها ومنع حدوثها بأفضل الممارسات والطرق
أنموذج مقترح للتنبؤ بتكلفة المواد المباشرة اعتماداً على متغير التصميم دراسة تطبيقية: مصنع النعمان لصناعة أنابيب (PVC)
Authors: عبد الحسين لهمود ياسر الشحماني
Published: October 2024

هدف البحث إلى تحليل تأثير متغيرات التصميم على تكلفة المواد المباشرة في صناعة الأنابيب البلاستيكية، وهي مادة أساسية في الصناعات الإنشائية، يركز البحث على تقديم نموذج للتنبؤ بتكلفة هذا العنصر، إذ يُعد التنبؤ الدقيق ضرورياً لشركات التصنيع لضبط التكاليف وتحسين تخصيص الموارد وتحقيق الربحية، كون المواد المباشرة تشكل الجزء الأكبر من تكلفة الإنتاج، إذ غالبا ما تعتمد طرق تقدير التكاليف التقليدية على البيانات التاريخية، التي تفتقر إلى القدرة على استيعاب تأثير خيارات التصميم على تكلفة المواد، يعرض البحث نموذجاً يعتمد على متغيرات التصميم لتحديد تكلفة المواد المباشرة، ويركز على المواصفات الميكانيكية للأنابيب المستخدمة، ويتيح النموذج إمكانية تطبيق تقنية التكلفة المستهدفة، مما يسمح باستخدامها في مراحل التصميم المبكرة لتحديد الكميات الدقيقة من المواد واتخاذ قرارات مستنيرة بشأن التصميم، اعتمد البحث على بيانات واقعية من بيئة التصنيع، وتوصل إلى استنتاجات رئيسة أهمها؛ أن متغيرات التصميم الهندسية والمادية لها تأثير كبير على تكلفة المواد المباشرة والإنتاج بشكل عام، إذ أن المتغيرات الهندسية ترتبط بالجوانب الوظيفية للمنتج، بينما المتغيرات المادية ترتبط بمظهر وبنية المنتج، وبناءً على هذه الاستنتاجات، أوصى البحث بضرورة التنسيق بين فرق التصميم الهندسي والمادي لتحقيق توازن بين وظائف المنتج وتكلفة المواد المباشرة، مما يوفر فهماً أفضل لتأثير هذه المتغيرات على تكلفة الإنتاج.
Gambaran Stres Akademik Siswa Baru Sekolah Boarding Serta Implikasinya Terhadap Bimbingan Dan Konseling
Authors: Dwika Sukma Dewi  , Eka Wahyuni  , Dede Rahmat Hidayat
Published: October 2024

Sekolah boarding merupakan salah satu sistem pendidikan dimana setiap siswa menetap di suatu asrama sebagai suatu bagian dalam proses akademik. Sumber stres utama pada pelajar remaja berkaitan dengan permasalahan akademik. Beberapa studi telah dilakukan untuk mengungkap keterkaitan antara stres akademik dan kesehatan mental remaja sangat erat kaitannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat stres akademik siswa baru di sekolah boarding. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survey. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik baru kelas X sekolah boarding. Dalam penelitian ini sampel diambil dengan menggunakan teknik Sampling Jenuh.Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gambaran tingkat stres akademik siswa baru di sekolah boarding berada pada kategori tinggi. Dengan demikian hasil penelitian ini dapat dimanfaatkan oleh guru BK sebagai asesmen kebutuhan untuk membuat program BK meliputi layanan dasar sebagai upaya pencegahan bagi peserta didik dengan konseling kelompok menggunakan intervensi MBSR (Mindfulness Based Stres Reduction).
Kata kunci: stres akademik, sekolah boarding, bimbingan dan konseling, MBSR
Readability Of Higher Education Institutions Exam Basic Proficiency Test Turkish Questions
Authors: Karaca Mehmet Fatih , Şahin Münir
Published: October 2024

Readability is a measurable quantitative feature of texts. Readability gives information about how easy or difficult a text is to read. This information can help decide appropriate texts for courses and exams. There are 3 formulas, called Ateşman, Çetinkaya-Uzun, and Bezirci-Yılmaz, which are widely used in determining the readability of Turkish texts. The purpose of this study is to determine the readability of the Turkish questions in the Higher Education Institutions Exam, the Basic Proficiency Test conducted between 2019-2023 with Ateşman and Bezirci-Yılmaz formulas. The dataset consists of a total of 200 questions, 40 from each year, asked between 2019 and 2023. According to the findings, it was revealed that both formulas used in the study were consistent and the readability levels of the formulas were similar. According to the used formulas, it was observed that the questions in 2019 were the easiest and the test questions in 2021 were the most difficult to read. It has been determined that the number of questions in question types varies over the years, phonics questions are the question type with the easiest, and questions related to sentence meaning are the most difficult readability level. It was concluded that the questions were mainly at the difficult level according to the Ateşman formula, and at the academic level according to the Bezirci-Yılmaz formula.
Edward Albee and Existentialist Theatre: Reality and Illusion in Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?
Authors: Ashmawy Merve Feryal
Published: October 2024

This article underscores that Edward Albee’s 1962 play Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? is notable for its capacity to scrutinize social norms and ideals, with its potential libertarian approach leaving a shocking impact on the audience. The play revolves around a night involving the middle-aged couple George and Martha and the young couple Nick and Honey. It primarily explores the intricate dynamics between couples, the concept of reality, and the absurdity of existence, delving into the depths of human psychology by addressing the characters’ past traumas and disappointments. Communication breakdowns and conflicts among the characters accentuate the fragility of human relationships, with disappointment being a central theme that underscores the disparity between past expectations and reality. The play, analyzed within the framework of existentialist theatre, provides a thorough examination of individual freedom, responsibility, and existential experience, focusing on the fundamental tenets of existentialist philosophy. It addresses existentialist themes by enabling characters to confront their own existential realities and understand their identities. The intricate relationship between Martha and George reveals the fine line between reality and illusion, and the dissolution of this illusion provides the audience with the opportunity to explore the inner worlds of the characters. In this context, the play emerges as a potent dramatic work that underscores the complexity of human relations through its engagement with existentialist themes. The play has made a significant contribution to American theatre, influencing modern dramatic structures and securing a prominent position in the literary world.
Pattern of Recurrence and Metastatic Disease in Post Operative Postradiotherapy Patients of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Oral Cavity
Authors: Paliwal Shruti , Jakhar Shankar Lal , Chandra Rama , Sharma Neeti , Dhaka Saroj , Gupta Prachi , T Anjali , Malav Kapil , Khandelwal Mayur , Dhaka Shankar Singh
Published: October 2024

Objective: Oral cavity is one of the common site of cancer in head and neck. They have high cure rate but locoregional failure seen in some cases at primary, nodal or metastatic site. We retrospectively analysed treatment results of oral cavity cancer in our institute and intented to define the prevalence and pattern of failure.
Materials and Methods: It is a prospective cohort study. 179 cases of post operative oral cavity cancer between January 2019 to December 2021, who took radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy treatment in our institute were studied. 79 patients had loss of follow up during and after treatment. Results of study excluded these patients.
Results: Median follow up was 24 months (8-40 months). Treatment failure after radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy at primary site and at nodal site was 22 % and 2 % respectively. In 8% cases recurrence was present at both primary and nodal site. Metastasis at extra nodal site occurred in 4% cases (3% in liver, 1% in bone).
Conclusion: Operated case of oral cavity cancer when treated with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy has very high cure rate and few locoregional failures at primary and nodal site and rarely at distant site. Recurrence most commonly seen in advanced disease. Therefore, advanced disease patients should be treated with more aggressive treatment to achieve higher cure rate in oral cavity cancer patients. Disease free survival and overall survival was better in early stage than in advanced stage. Node positive disease had more risk of recurrence and metastasis.
Outcomes of Palliative RT to Liver in Liver Metastases
Authors: Jhanwar Shiv Shankar , Mohata Shweta , Jakhar S.L. , Sharma Neeti , Kumar H S
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Various techniques are available to treat and alleviate pain and other symptoms in liver metastasis (LM) or advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. One of such technique is the external beam radiotherapy to whole liver. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, tolerability and patient’s reaction to external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in palliation of symptoms and quality of life (QoL) LM patients or HCC patients.
Material and Method: A total of 50 patient of either liver metastasis or HCC were included and planned on single 8Gy/fraction to whole liver radiotherapy. Ultrasonographic guided marking of liver was done prior to treatment and pretreatment dexamethasone and antiemetic was given. Evaluation was done at 1 week and 1 month after the end of treatment.
Results: After the whole liver radiotherapy, significant improvement was reported in the bilirubin level (68%), pain level (75.5%), and nausea (32%). Talking about the quality of life, the radiotherapy was reported to found potentially effective in enhancing the quality of life among the patients. Greatest percentage improvementwas reported for pain (75.6%), Global health status (39.6%), physical functioning (32.4%), rolefunctioning (36%), social functioning (36%) and appetite loss (30.6%).
Quality of Life in Women with Gynecological Cancers: A Study in Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan
Authors: Dahar FalakNaz Naz , Chishti Uzma , Amir Ali Fouzia , Khan Rozilla Sadia , Ali Nasir , Raza Amir , Aziz Aliya B
Published: October 2024

Background: Patient survival has been improved in gynecological cancer due to recent advances in diagnosis and treatment modalities. However longer survival time makes quality of life an even more challenging aspect of care. The aim of study was cross sectional evaluation of the quality of life in Gynecological cancer survivors completing at least 5 years of follow-up after treatment.
Materials and Methods: In this prospective, single-center study, 162 women were interviewed at least 3 months after completion of treatment and no longer than 5 years. Data was collected on validated questionnaire i.e. EORTC QLQ-C30 from all participants & specific questionnaires specific to cancers i.e. OV28, CX24 & EN24.
Results: The study population comprised of 25 (15.4%), 82 (50.6%) and 55 (34%) women with Cervical, endometrial, and Ovarian cancer, respectively. Average Quality of life was found to be 77.93±16.65. Mean Quality of life was reported as 74.67 in cervical cancer, 77.34 in endometrial cancer & 80.30 in ovarian cancer respectively. Similarly, five functional scales like physical (PF), role (RF), emotional (EF), cognitive (CF) and social (SF) were estimated within the mean range of 80 to 90. Fatigue & insomnia were the most common symptoms reported. Sexual functioning was the main concern among patients included in the study. Other than that, musculoskeletal pain and lymphedema were the main issues reported by patients of endometrial cancer.
Conclusion: Study Participants showed overall a good quality of life. However, certain concerns related to sexual quality of life, and chronic lymphedema need special attention to improve quality of care.
Clinico-Epidemiological Profile and Treatment Outcome of Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Cancer Centre in Northeast India
Authors: Dutta Chayanika , S. Roy Partha , Mallik Sreya , R. Daniel Nithin
Published: October 2024

Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for 12-15% of all lung cancers and is associated with poor outcomes. This study aimed to understand the clinico-epidemiological profile and outcomes of SCLC in the North-East Indian population.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on medical records of patients with SCLC who were diagnosed, treated, and followed up at the Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, during the period from January 2016 to December 2021.
Results: A total of 70 patients were evaluated, with a median age of 62 years, and 82.8% were male. The majority of patients (72.8%) were diagnosed with extensive-stage (ES) disease. Common symptoms included cough (61.4%), chest pain (45.7%), and breathing difficulty (44.2%). The most commonly used chemotherapy regimen was etoposide-platinum. Overall survival (OS) for all patients was 6.1 months. Three-year OS was significantly better in patients with limited-stage (LS) disease (16.4 months vs. 4.3 months in LS vs. ES disease, p<0.05). Median progression-free survival (mPFS) for all patients was 4 months. Survival rates at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months were 45.7%, 18.5%, 5.7%, and 1.4%, respectively. Median OS was significantly correlated with the number of metastatic sites (8.6 months with <3 organ involvement vs. 1.9 months with ≥3 organ involvement; p<0.0001). Patients who received combined modality treatment had better survival than those treated with chemotherapy alone (10.7 months in chemo-radiotherapy vs. 3 months in chemotherapy alone, p<0.001).
Conclusion: SCLC remains a highly aggressive disease with poor survival. Advanced-stage presentation with distant organ metastasis is the most important factor associated with poor survival in patients with SCLC1
Tackling the Rare: Thymoma and T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Coexistence
Authors: Imran Maryam , Jamil Muhammad Ahsan , Asif Hiba , Majeed Muhammad Awais , Waheed Midhat , Yasmeen Ammara , Khalid Tuba , Karim Amna , Umar Sobia
Published: October 2024

Thymomas are rare tumors arising from thymic epithelial cells, while T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a rare hematologic malignancy. The co-occurrence of these entities within the same patient is exceedingly rare and presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We present a case of a 29-year-old male with a history of thymoma complicated by T-ALL. The patient was first presented with symptoms of superior vena cava obstruction syndrome, which led to thymoma diagnosis. Subsequent progression of symptoms and investigations revealed the presence of T-ALL. The patient was managed with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and supportive care, with a favorable response. This case highlights the importance of considering rare malignancies in the differential diagnosis, the challenges of managing concurrent rare malignancies, and the need for multidisciplinary approaches in such cases. Further research is warranted to better understand the underlying mechanisms and optimal management strategies for these rare coexisting malignancies.
Маркери експортної спеціалізації
Authors: МЕЛЬНИЧУК Оксана
Published: October 2024

Узагальнено основні положення теорії порів­няльних переваг та їх практичної реалізації в умовах сучасних глобалізаційних процесів. Визна­чено головні переваги, а також окреслено обмеження застосування теорії. Акцентовано, що теоретичні основи широко використовуються аналітичними центрами, зокрема Світовою організацією торгівлі, для аналізу світових торговельних тенденцій і політик. Метою дослідження є емпіричне встанов­лення взаємозвʼязку між індексом виявлених порівняльних переваг (RCA) та рівнем експортної спеціалізації країн для визначення потенціалу RCA для використання в процесі розроблення торго­вельної політики. У ході дослідження висунуто гіпотезу про залежність між високим RCA за окре­мими товарними групами та експортною спеціа­лізацією країни. Методологія дослідження базує­ться на опрацюванні теоретичних і статистичних даних, їх аналізі й оцінці для вивчення та надання висновків про відповідність розрахункових даних RCA реальній експортній спеціалізації на прикладі США. Проаналізовано, чи спеціалізуються США на то­вар­них групах з високою порівняльною перевагою. Використано дані про 3-значну версію SITC для 971 групи товарів, що опубліковані UN-COMTRADE. Дослідження вказує на те, що порівняльна пере­вага США зосереджена на таких секторах, як сировина (бавовна, зернові, кукурудза, насіння та плоди олійних культур, руди і концентрати доро­гоцінних металів), енерго­носії (зріджений пропан і бутан), зброя й амуніція, а також предмети розкоші та колекціонування. Досліджено індикатори тор­гівлі, що представлені на сайті International Trade Centre. Зазначено, що за обраними позиціями можна простежувати експортну спеціалізацію США за цими товарними групами з високою порівняльною перевагою. Акцен­товано, що індекс RCA є корисним інструментом для визначення експортної спеціа­лізації країни, але він має свої обмеження. Рішення у сфері зовнішньоторговельної політики мають ґрунтуватися на всебічному аналізі, який враховує широкий спектр факторів, від економічних до геополітичних.