bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Société et démographie dans le sud de l'Allier au XIXe siècle. Bellenaves et Ébreuil, deux bourgs en Médioromanie bourbonnaise
Authors: Paul Daniel
Published: November 2007

Résumé L'étude, centrée sur les deux bourgs principaux d'un canton du sud de l'Allier au XIXe siècle, veut peser le poids respectif des traditions et des transformations dans la France médiane, la «Médioromanie». Le ménage complexe se maintient et le métayage est toujours le mode de faire valoir dominant. La Restauration est l'époque charnière qui voit l'abandon du modèle du mariage dans la paroisse du mari, la poussée de l'illégitimité et de l'abandon, la généralisation de la contraception. Finalement, ce canton se coule sans heurt dans le moule national et abandonne son originalité régionale.
La genèse des grammaires catégorielles et leur arrière-plan logico-philosophique : quelques remarques
Authors: Bourdeau Michel
Published: November 2007

It is often said that, through Ajdukiewicz and Lesniewski, categorial grammars ultimately stem from the pure grammar Husserl spoke about in the fourth Logical Investigation. Without being false, this picture is not very unaccurate and, in order to understand adequately the history of the idea of categorial grammar, it is necessary to see it in its relationship with type theory. Montague grammar, for instance, shows very clearly that there is a systematic correspondance between categorial grammar on one hand and Church simple type theory on the other hand. As a matter of fact, we now knows that Ajdukiewicz most original idea has to do with functionality rather than with category: the system of categories - or, as linguists used to say, of parts of speech - is generated from two basic categories (n, s), and derived ones (n/s, etc.) are conceived as functions taking other categories as arguments. As there is nothing specially categorial in categorial grammars, one may wonder why they were so called. Once again, referring to Husserl doesn't suffice to answer: syntactic categories appeared first as an improved version of the syntactic genera introduced in Carnap's Logical Structure of Language. The role of Ryle, who was the first to pay due attention to the close relationship between types and categories, need to be stressed, too.
Réminiscences catégorielles
Authors: Lambek Jim , Godart-Wendling Béatrice
Published: November 2007

This article is the result of a collaboration between Godart-Wendling and Lambek in the form of an interview. The former asks the latter to retrace in broad outline his interest in the application of mathematics to linguistics. Prompted by her penetrating questions, he recalls how his old formulation of categorical grammar arose from algebra, but borrowed techniques from logic. He recalls how later he turned to rewrite rules to explicate verb-conjugations and kinship terminologies in natural languages and how, more recently, he returned to a simpler version of categorial grammar, which lends itself to easy one-dimensional calculations in place of the original two-dimensional proof-trees.
La logique linéaire non commutative et le calcul de Lambek
Authors: Casadio Claudia
Published: November 2007

The paper analyzes the correspondence existing between the Syntactic Calculus (Lambek 1958) and (multiplicative) non-commutative linear logic (Abrusci 1991), both in its intuitionistic and classical formulation. Particular attention is paid to the fragment of classical non-commutative linear logic (or classical bilinear logic) that is a conservative extension of the Syntactic Calculus. We present some linguistic applications of this system and propose a way to build up planar graphs for its type logical formulas.
Les dérivés français à référence collective
Authors: Aliquot-Suengas Sophie
Published: November 2007

Our analysis of french nouns with collective reference which are constructed on the basis of a noun with the suffixes -ade, -aie, -aille and -uге such as colonnade, chênaie, chevelure and grenaille or prêtraille has a double end: (i) to account of the exact part of the suffixation in the fact that a noun may have a collective reference; (ii) to progress in the analysis of collective throughout the part-whole relations, and, in a very specific manner, throughout two of these relations, the portion- mass relation (which connects grain to grenaille, for instance), and a relation which has never been studied for itself but has only been evocated in a constrastive way connected with other meronymic relations, the member-collection relation (which connects colonne with colonnade and cheveu with chevelure for instance).

It appears that one can predict the type of whole named by a derived noun according to the suffix which has been used to construct it. So it will be proved that the lexical units do have a lexical specific meaning which is independent of the context; so it will be shown how to express plurality in the inflexional and derivational fields.
Les limites de l'intégration conceptuelle
Authors: Grea Philippe
Published: November 2007

The semantic representations used within the framework of the conceptual integration are mostly based on the objective specificities of the lexicon. From this perspective, the integration theory constitutes a return to the traditional opposition between literal and figurative sense. This article, in which we treat the issue of the polysemy and the metaphor, is aimed at setting off the descriptive limitations resulting from such presuppositions.
Indéfini, partitif et adjectif : du nouveau. La lecture individualisante
Authors: Schnedecker Catherine , Kleiber Georges
Published: November 2007

The aim of this contribution is to show that the classical response in "sous-espèce" terms brought to the problem of the conversion du N de matière → un N de matière modifié is only partially satisfactory. This solution meets different types of difficulties, of which the principal one, passed unnoticed hitherto, concerns interpretation : the interpretation under type is not the possible only one. Besides the taxinomie interpretation and the particular one, it is necessary to distinguish a third interpretation, that we named lecture individualisante, of which we will analyze the reification model.
Les quatre lectures du quantificateur beaucoup de
Authors: Vogeleer Svetlana
Published: November 2007

The aim of this paper is to analyze the semantic properties of the quantifier beaucoup de in subject NPs (Beaucoup de A sont В) and in il y a- sentences (II y a beaucoup de A qui sont B). The analysis accounts for four readings of beaucoup de: existential (cardinal, "weak") reading, proportional reading with respect to the set |A| ("strong" reading), proportional reading with respect to the set |B| , and a reading which is called predicative quantificational. The hypothesis defended is that beaucoup de contains an indefinite component on all its readings. Consequently, it always satisfies the criteria for qualifying as a weak quantifier. The arguments in favour of this hypothesis are based on a distinction between an extensional approach to the "weak" reading according to which the item beaucoup of the quantifier beaucoup de is a cardinal predicate (Ils sont beaucoup) and an intensional approach according to which the item beaucoup is treated as a quantificational predicate (II y en a beaucoup).
Un des N et un N en lecture partitive
Authors: Theissen Anne
Published: November 2007

The constructions un des N and un N enter in competition when the simple indefinite phrase un N is employed partitively as the complex phrase un des N. Our contribution aims to resolve the questions that put this parallel. In a way more precise, we will try to measure the semantic and syntactic resemblances and differences of the two partitive formulas, to evoke certain of their employment constraints and to put in value the originality of the partitive way borrowed by each one.
Efficient and General One‐Pot Synthesis of Diaryliodonium Triflates: Optimization, Scope and Limitations
Authors: Bielawski Marcin , Zhu Mingzhao , Olofsson Berit
Published: November 2007

Symmetrical and unsymmetrical diaryliodonium triflates have been synthesized from both electron‐deficient and electron‐rich arenes and aryl iodides with mCPBA and triflic acid. A thorough investigation of the optimization, scope and limitations has resulted in an improved one‐pot protocol that is fast, high‐yielding, and operationally simple. The reaction has been extended to the direct synthesis of symmetrical iodonium salts from iodine and arenes, conveniently circumventing the need for aryl iodides.
The heterozygous LMNA mutation p.R471G causes a variable phenotype with features of two types of familial partial lipodystrophy
Authors: Muschke Petra , Kölsch Uwe , Jakubiczka Sibylle , Wieland Ilse , Brune Thomas , Wieacker Peter
Published: November 2007

We report on a novel LMNA mutation (p.R471G) in a proband affected by a syndrome comprising partial lipodystrophy, insulin‐resistant diabetes, acanthosis nigricans, liver steatosis, muscle weakness, and contractures. This phenotype has features of both types 1 and 2 familial partial lipodystrophy. The sister and father of the proband had the same mutation. The sister was more mildly affected and the father was apparently unaffected, demonstrating variable expressivity and reduced penetrance for this mutation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pharmacokinetic interaction between efavirenz and dual protease inhibitors in healthy volunteers
Authors: Ma Qing , Forrest Alan , Rosenkranz Susan L. , Para Michael F. , Yarasheski Kevin E. , Reichman Richard C. , Morse Gene D.
Published: November 2007

The combination of efavirenz with HIV‐1 protease inhibitors (PI) results in complex interactions secondary to mixed induction and inhibition of oxidative metabolism. ACTG A5043 was a prospective, open‐label, controlled, two‐period, multiple‐dose study with 55 healthy volunteers. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential pharmacokinetic interaction between efavirenz and dual PIs. The subjects received a daily dose of 600 mg efavirenz for 10 days with amprenavir 600 mg twice daily added at day 11 and were randomized to receive nelfinavir, indinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, or no second PI on days 15–21. Intensive pharmacokinetic studies were conducted on day 14 and 21. Efavirenz plasma concentrations were fit to candidate models using weighted non‐linear regression. The disposition of efavirenz was described by a linear two‐compartment model with first order absorption following a fitted lag time. Apparent clearance (CLt/F), volume of distribution at steady state (Vss/F), inter‐compartmental clearance, and the central and peripheral volume of distribution were estimated. The meanCLt/FandVss/Fof efavirenz were 0.126 l/h/kg and 4.412 l/kg, respectively. BothAUCandCLt/Fof efavirenz remained unchanged after 7 days of dual PI dosing. The meanVss/Fof efavirenz increased an average of 89% across arms, ranging from 52% (nelfinavir) to 115% (indinavir) relative to efavirenz with amprenavir alone. Increases were also observed inVp/Fafter the addition of nelfinavir, indinavir, ritonavir and saquinavir by 85%, 170%, 162% and 111%, respectively. In conclusion, concomitant administration of dual PIs is unlikely to have any clinically significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of CYP2B6 substrates in general or oral efavirenz specifically. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of rapid molecular screening for meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in surgical wards
Authors: Keshtgar M R S , Khalili A , Coen P G , Carder C , Macrae B , Jeanes A , Folan P , Baker D , Wren M , Wilson A P R
Published: November 2007

Background

This study aimed to establish the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of rapid molecular screening for hospital-acquired meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in surgical patients within a teaching hospital.

Methods

In 2006, nasal swabs were obtained before surgery from all patients undergoing elective and emergency procedures, and screened for MRSA using a rapid molecular technique. MRSA-positive patients were started on suppression therapy of mupirocin nasal ointment (2 per cent) and undiluted chlorhexidine gluconate bodywash.

Results

A total of 18 810 samples were processed, of which 850 (4·5 per cent) were MRSA positive. In comparison to the annual mean for the preceding 6 years, MRSA bacteraemia fell by 38·5 per cent (P < 0·001), and MRSA wound isolates fell by 12·7 per cent (P = 0·031). The reduction in MRSA bacteraemia and wound infection was equivalent to a saving of 3·78 beds per year (£276 220), compared with the annual mean for the preceding 6 years. The cost of screening was £302 500, making a net loss of £26 280. Compared with 2005, however, there was a net saving of £545 486.

Conclusion

Rapid MRSA screening of all surgical admissions resulted in a significant reduction in staphylococcal bacteraemia during the screening period, although a causal link cannot be established.
A scalable interest management scheme for distributed virtual environments
Authors: Han Seunghyun , Lim Mingyu , Lee Dongman , Hyun Soon J.
Published: November 2007

With the expansion of the internet and its bandwidth, distributed virtual environment (DVE) applications have become more prevalent. In DVE applications, users frequently crowd in a specific place, and a key aspect to consider is how to provide interactive performance for users. However, existing approaches using multicast require users to receive uninteresting messages. Even though recent works have addressed fine‐grained filtering, they still incur other drawbacks in terms of assigning lots of multicast addresses or handling overhead of multicast groups. This makes the system less scalable as the number of users increases. In this paper, we propose a new scalable filtering scheme that reduces not only the number of messages during interaction in a region and among neighboring regions, but also the number of multicast addresses without significant computational overhead. Interest management in a region dynamically creates groups of users with the same interests. While members communicate with each other with high fidelity, a representative sends information to non‐members with low frequency. For interaction among neighboring regions, we propose a sub‐region concept to select only a subset of users from the neighboring regions based on proximity, the distribution of the users' locations, and the viewing direction of a user. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Cartesian grid technique based on one‐dimensional integrated radial basis function networks for natural convection in concentric annuli
Authors: Mai‐Duy N. , Le‐Cao K. , Tran‐Cong T.
Published: November 2007

This paper reports a radial basis function (RBF)‐based Cartesian grid technique for the simulation of two‐dimensional buoyancy‐driven flow in concentric annuli. The continuity and momentum equations are represented in the equivalent stream function formulation that reduces the number of equations from three to one, but involves higher‐order derivatives. The present technique uses a Cartesian grid to discretize the problem domain. Along a grid line, one‐dimensional integrated RBF networks (1D‐IRBFNs) are employed to represent the field variables. The capability of 1D‐IRBFNs to handle unstructured points with accuracy is exploited to describe non‐rectangular boundaries in a Cartesian grid, while the method's ability to avoid the reduction of convergence rate caused by differentiation is instrumental in improving the quality of the approximation of higher‐order derivatives. The method is applied to simulate thermally driven flows in annuli between two circular cylinders and between an outer square cylinder and an inner circular cylinder. High Rayleigh number solutions are achieved and they are in good agreement with previously published numerical data. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interactions Between Non‐Stoichiometric Stresses and Defect Transport in a Tubular Electrolyte
Authors: Swaminathan N. , Qu J.
Published: November 2007

It is well known that gadolinium doped ceria (10 GDC) undergoes significant compositional expansion when exposed to low oxygen partial pressures. When constrained, such expansion results in mechanical stresses in the ionic solid. Although significant work has been done in evaluating the magnitudes of this expansion, interactions between stresses induced as a result of chemical expansion and transport of point defects in a solid electrolyte have not received much attention. In this work, the formulation developed by Swaminathan et al. in ref. [1] for coupling transport and mechanical stresses in an ionic solid is used to numerically study the effects of transport–stress interaction in a tubular solid electrolyte made of 10 GDC. The results obtained in this study indicate a strong interaction between transport and stresses, showing a significant variation in the electrochemical performance of the electrolyte under varying conditions of stress–transport interaction. The solutions obtained in this study reduce to the well‐known results in the literature when chemical expansion is not considered, thereby partially validating our results.
Chronic pain and depression among geriatric psychiatry inpatients
Authors: Meeks Thomas W. , Dunn Laura B. , Kim Daniel S. , Golshan Shahrokh , Sewell Daniel D. , Atkinson J. H. , Lebowitz Barry D.
Published: November 2007

Objectives

We examined whether chronic pain among depressed geriatric inpatients was associated with several clinical variables—comorbid psychiatric and medical diagnoses, length of hospitalization, suicidal ideation, and sleep duration.

Methods

Medical charts of inpatients admitted to a geriatric psychiatry unit over 2 years were examined retrospectively; 148 patients with a depressive disorder were identified. Admission pain assessments were used to classify whether patients had chronic pain. Other variables of interest were collected from charts.

Results

62% of patients reported chronic pain. In multivariate regression analysis, depressed older adults with chronic pain were more likely to report suicidal ideation, be diagnosed with personality disorder, have higher medical burden, and experience decreased total sleep time compared to depressed older adults without chronic pain.

Conclusions

Chronic pain—common in depressed older adults—may influence clinical features of depression and should be assessed as a possible suicide risk factor. Prospective studies should examine causal relationships and determine the effects of adequate pain treatment on depression course and suicide risk in older adults. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural and functional MRI correlates of Stroop control in benign MS
Authors: Rocca Maria A. , Valsasina Paola , Ceccarelli Antonia , Absinta Martina , Ghezzi Angelo , Riccitelli Gianna , Pagani Elisabetta , Falini Andrea , Comi Giancarlo , Scotti Giuseppe , Filippi Massimo
Published: November 2007

The objective of this study was to assess the functional and structural substrates of cognitive network changes in patients with benign multiple sclerosis (BMS), using an analysis of effective connectivity and MR tractography. Using a 3‐Tesla scanner, we acquired dual‐echo, diffusion tensor (DT) and functional MRI during the performance of the Stroop task from 15 BMS patients and 19 healthy controls. DT MRI tractography was used to calculate DT derived metrics from several white matter (WM) fiber bundles, thought to be involved in cognitive performance. DT MRI metrics from WM fiber bundles not directly related with cognitive performance were also derived. Effective connectivity analysis was performed using statistical parametric mapping. MS patients had significantly abnormal DT MRI metrics in all the structures analyzed. Compared with controls, MS patients had more significant activations of several areas of the cognitive network involved in Stroop performance, bilaterally. Compared with controls, BMS patients also had increased connectivity strengths between several cortical areas of the sensorimotor network and the right (R) inferior frontal gyrus and the R cerebellum, as well as decreased connectivity strengths with the anterior cingulate cortex. Coefficients of altered connectivity were moderately correlated with structural MRI metrics of tissue damage within intra‐ and inter‐hemispheric cognitive‐related WM fiber bundles, while no correlations were found with the remaining fiber bundles studied, suggesting that functional cortical changes in patients with BMS might represent an adaptive response driven by damage of specific WM structures. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Model‐free group analysis shows altered BOLD FMRI networks in dementia
Authors: Rombouts Serge A.R.B. , Damoiseaux Jessica S. , Goekoop Rutger , Barkhof Frederik , Scheltens Philip , Smith Stephen M. , Beckmann Christian F.
Published: November 2007

FMRI research in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) typically is aimed at determining regional changes in brain function, most commonly by creating a model of the expected BOLD‐response and estimating its magnitude using a general linear model (GLM) analysis. This crucially depends on the suitability of the temporal assumptions of the model and on assumptions about normality of group distributions. Exploratory data analysis techniques such as independent component analysis (ICA) do not depend on these assumptions and are able to detect unknown, yet structured spatiotemporal processes in neuroimaging data. Tensorial probabilistic ICA (T‐PICA) is a model free technique that can be used for analyzing multiple subjects and groups, extracting signals of interest (components) in the spatial, temporal, and also subject domain of FMRI data. We applied T‐PICA and model‐based GLM to study FMRI signal during face encoding in 18 AD, 28 MCI patients, and 41 healthy elderly controls. T‐PICA showed activation in regions associated with motor, visual, and cognitive processing, and deactivation in the default mode network. Six networks showed a significantly decreased response in patients. For two networks the T‐PICA technique was significantly more sensitive to detect group differences than the standard model‐based technique. We conclude that T‐PICA is a promising tool to identify and detect differences in (de)activated brain networks in elderly controls and dementia patients. The technique is more sensitive than the commonly applied model‐based method. Consistent with other research, we show that networks of activation and deactivation show decreased reactivity in dementia. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interacting alleles of the coinhibitory immunoreceptor genes cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 and programmed cell-death 1 influence risk and features of primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Juran Brian D. , Atkinson Elizabeth J. , Schlicht Erik M. , Fridley Brooke L. , Petersen Gloria M. , Lazaridis Konstantinos N.
Published: November 2007

Autoimmune diseases such as primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) result from failure in the immune mechanisms that establish and maintain self-tolerance. Evidence suggests that these processes are shared among the spectrum of autoimmune syndromes and are likely genetically determined. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) and programmed cell-death 1 (PDCD1) are two genes encoding coinhibitory immunoreceptors that harbor polymorphisms with demonstrated associations to multiple autoimmune disorders. We aimed to assess functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these two genes for association with PBC. SNPs in CTLA4 and PDCD1 were genotyped in 351 PBC patients and 205 controls. Allele and genotype frequencies were evaluated for association with PBC and/or antimitochondrial antibody (AMA) positivity with logistic regression. Haplotypes were inferred with an expectation-maximization algorithm, and allelic interaction was analyzed by logistic regression modeling. Individual SNPs demonstrated no association to PBC. However, the GG genotype of CTLA4 49AG was significantly associated with AMA positivity among the PBC patients. Also, individual SNPs and a haplotype of CTLA4 as well as a rare genotype of the PDCD1 SNP PD1.3 were associated with orthotopic liver transplantation. As well, we identified the influence of an interaction between the putatively autoimmune-protective CTLA4 49AG:CT60 AA haplotype and autoimmune-risk PDCD1 PD1.3 A allele on development of PBC.

Conclusion:

Our findings illustrate the complex nature of the genetically induced risk of PBC and emphasize the importance of considering definable subphenotypes of disease, such as AMA positivity, or definitive measures of disease severity/progression, like orthotopic liver transplantation, when genetic analyses are being performed. Comprehensive screening of genes involved with immune function will lead to a greater understanding of the genetic component of autoimmunity in PBC while furthering our understanding of the pathogenic properties of this enigmatic disease. (Hepatology 2007.)
Evolution of the study and practice of personality at work
Authors: Schneider Benjamin
Published: November 2007

This article reviews the dynamic evolution of personality research and practice in work organizations from the early 1900s through the present. The article reveals steady‐state equilibrium in the world of practice. In contrast, the world of research is shown to be punctuated by rapid changes in conceptual foci, levels of analysis, and methodological approaches, as well as whether or not personality at work is even considered important. Explanations are offered for these trends, including the ways theory and research in the larger world of the study of personality have been reflected in personality research in and on work organizations. The article concludes with some thoughts about revisiting various branches in this evolution and suggestions for the future of personality research and practice in work organizations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adhesion of MC3T3‐E1 cells to bone sialoprotein and bone osteopontin specifically bound to collagen I
Authors: Bernards Matthew T. , Qin Chunlin , Ratner Buddy D. , Jiang Shaoyi
Published: November 2007

Bone sialoprotein (BSP) and bone osteopontin (OPN) are members of the SIBLING (small integrin‐binding ligand, N‐linked glycoproteins) family of proteins commonly found in mineralized tissues. Previously, OPN was shown to exhibit a preferential orientation for MC3T3‐E1 cell adhesion when it was specifically bound to collagen. In this work, the orientation of BSP under similar circumstances is examined and compared with OPN. Radiolabeled adsorption isotherms were obtained for BSP bound to both tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) and collagen‐coated TCPS. The results show that collagen has the capacity to bind almost twice as much OPN under identical conditions. An in vitro MC3T3‐E1 cell adhesion assay was then performed to compare the cell binding ability of BSP on either TCPS or collagen‐coated TCPS with identical amounts of adsorbed protein. It was found that there is no significant difference in the cell binding ability of BSP on either of the substrates. For cell binding studies on collagen‐coated TCPS, it was shown that there are a greater number of cells bound to substrates with adsorbed OPN as compared with BSP. The preferable orientation of OPN for cell binding coupled with the higher binding capability of collagen for OPN indicates that OPN is more important than BSP for osteoblast adhesion to the collagen matrix. In addition, a cell inhibition assay was performed to show that all of the cell binding that occurred throughout these studies was dependent upon integrin interactions with the RGD cell binding moiety. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
A novel surface treatment for porous metallic implants that improves the rate of bony ongrowth
Authors: Shannon Fintan J. , Cottrell Jocelyn M. , Deng Xiang‐Hua , Crowder Katherine N. , Doty Stephen B. , Avaltroni Michael J. , Warren Russell F. , Wright Timothy M. , Schwartz Jeffrey
Published: November 2007

Rapid implant fixation could prove beneficial in a host of clinical applications from total joint arthroplasty to trauma. We hypothesized that a novel self‐assembled monolayer of phosphonate molecules (SAMP) covalently bonded to the oxide surface of titanium alloy would enhance bony integration. Beaded metallic rods were treated with one of three coatings: SAMP, SAMP + RGD peptide, or hydroxyapatite. Rods were inserted retrogradely into both distal femurs of 60 rabbits. Fifteen rabbits were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks. At each time, seven specimens for mechanical pull‐out testing and three for histomorphometric analysis were available for each coating. At four weeks, both SAMP groups had significantly higher failure loads when compared to hydroxyapatite (p < 0.01). No significant differences were found among groups at other times, though the SAMP‐alone group remained stronger at 16 weeks. Histology showed abundant new bone formation around all the three groups, though more enhanced formation was apparent in the two SAMP groups. With this novel treatment, with or without RGD, the failure load of implants doubled in half the time as compared with hydroxyapatite. Where early implant fixation is important, the SAMP treatment provides a simple, cost‐effective enhancement to bony integration of orthopaedic implants. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Liver resection for metastases from breast cancer
Authors: Thelen Armin , Benckert Christoph , Jonas Sven , Lopez‐Hänninen Enrique , Sehouli Jalid , Neumann Ulf , Rudolph Birgit , Neuhaus Peter
Published: November 2007

Background and Objectives

The value of liver resection for metastases from breast cancer is still controversial. This study was conducted to clarify safety and effectiveness of hepatectomy in this conditions and to identify selection criteria for patients suitable for liver resection.

Methods

From January 1988 to December 2006, 39 patients underwent liver resection for metastases from breast cancer. The outcome of these 39 patients was retrospectively reviewed using a prospective database. Prognostic factors for patient survival were determined by univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results

None of the patients died perioperatively and the morbidity rate was 13% (n = 5). The overall 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survival rates were 77%, 50%, and 42%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, metastatic manifestation prior to hepatectomy, vascular invasion and resection margin revealed statistically significant influence on survival. The multivariate analysis identified only resection margin as an independent prognostic factor for survival.

Conclusions

Liver resection should be considered in the multimodal treatment approach of patients with metastatic breast cancer. Hepatic resection can be performed with low risk and offers a chance of long‐term survival. Achievement of a curative resection and less important absence of previous metastatic manifestation represent suitable criteria to select patients for liver resection. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:25–29. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Non‐invasive ventilation reduces respiratory tract infections in children with neuromuscular disorders
Authors: Dohna‐Schwake C. , Podlewski P. , Voit T. , Mellies U.
Published: November 2007

Non‐invasive ventilation (NIV) has been shown to improve gas exchange and survival in patients with chronic neuromuscular disorders. Little is known about its influence on respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Twenty‐four patients with regular use of NIV and 11 patients without NIV with neuromuscular disorders answered a questionnaire concerning the use of NIV and assisted coughing techniques, the status of influenza and pneumococcus vaccination, and the frequency and severity of RTIs. Additionally, we performed a retrospective chart review of twelve patients who were ventilated over a period of at least 5 years. In the first year of NIV consultations of a general practitioner due to RTI decreased from 9.2 ± 20.8 to 3.2 ± 5.3 per year (P < 0.005), the number of antibiotic treatment due to RTI decreased from 4.1 ± 3.4 to 1.9 ± 2.2 per year (P < 0.005) and the number of hospital admissions due to RTI decreased from 1.6 ± 1.7 to 0.7 ± 1.3 per year (P < 0.005). Vaccinations against influenza and/or pneumococcus did not have a significant influence on the rate of infections. In 12 patients using NIV for more than 5 years the incidence of RTI requiring hospital admission decreased from 0.54 ± 0.41/year in the pre‐ventilation period to 0.12 ± 0.09/year in the NIV period (P < 0.005). NIV had a favorable impact on respiratory infectious complications in children with neuromuscular disorders. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:67–71. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome: PHOX2B genotype determines risk for sudden death
Authors: Gronli Jerome O. , Santucci Barbara A. , Leurgans Sue E. , Berry‐Kravis Elizabeth M. , Weese‐Mayer Debra E.
Published: November 2007

Objective

Children with Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS) have cardiovascular symptoms consistent with the autonomic nervous system dysregulation/dysfunction (ANSD) phenotype. We hypothesized that children with CCHS would have a relationship between PHOX2B genotype and two clinically applicable cardiovascular measures of ANSD: duration of longest r‐r interval and longest corrected QT interval (QTc).

Materials and Methods

We studied 501 days of Holter recordings from 39 individuals with PHOX2B mutation‐confirmed CCHS, and analyzed longest r‐r and QTc intervals with respect to PHOX2B genotype.

Results

We determined that longest r‐r interval varied by genotype (P = 0.001), with a positive correlation between repeat number and longest r‐r interval duration (P = 0.0007). Number of children with a longest r‐r interval value ≥3 sec varied by genotype (P < 0.0001): 0% with the 20/25 genotype, 19% with the 20/26 genotype, and 83% with the 20/27 genotype. Though longest QTc interval did not vary by genotype (P = 0.09), all children with CCHS had at least one Holter with a QTc interval >450 msec, and percent of time with QTc >450 msec exceeded published values. The proportion of subjects who received a cardiac pacemaker due to prolonged r‐r interval was greater for the children with the 20/27 genotype (67%) than the 20/25 (0%) or 20/26 genotype (25%) (P = 0.01). Among three children who did not receive a cardiac pacemaker, but who had r‐r intervals ≥3 sec, two died suddenly.

Conclusions

These results confirm a disturbance of cardiac autonomic regulation in CCHS, indicate that PHOX2B genotype is related to the severity of dysregulation, predict the need for cardiac pacemaker, and offer the clinician the potential to avert sudden death. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:77–86. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Capturing the dynamics of identity formation in various ethnic groups: Development and validation of a three‐dimensional model
Authors: Crocetti Elisabetta , Rubini Monica , Meeus Wim
Published: November 2007

The aim of this study was to develop a model of identity formation comprising three structural dimensions: commitment, in‐depth exploration and reconsideration of commitment. A new tool, the Utrecht‐Management of Identity Commitments Scale, was designed to assess these processes. Early and middle adolescents (N=1952) participated in this study. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the three‐factor model provided a better fit than alternative one‐ and two‐factor models. The model applied not only to the whole adolescent sample, but also to male and female subsamples and to early and middle adolescent age groups. Additionally, we established interethnic equivalence of the model, in that it also fit well for ethnic minority adolescents. In accordance with hypotheses, regression analyses showed that commitment, in‐depth exploration and reconsideration of commitment were significantly related to measures of self and personality, psychosocial problems and parent–adolescent relations. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Membrane topology of the Drosophila OR83b odorant receptor
Authors: Lundin Carolina , Käll Lukas , Kreher Scott A. , Kapp Katja , Sonnhammer Erik L. , Carlson John R. , von Heijne Gunnar , Nilsson IngMarie
Published: November 2007

By analogy to mammals, odorant receptors (ORs) in insects, such as Drosophila melanogaster, have long been thought to belong to the G‐protein coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. However, recent work has cast doubt on this assumption and has tentatively suggested an inverted topology compared to the canonical N
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in 7 transmembrane (TM) GPCR topology, at least for some Drosophila ORs. Here, we report a detailed topology mapping of the Drosophila OR83b receptor using engineered glycosylation sites as topology markers. Our results are inconsistent with a classical GPCR topology and show that OR83b has an intracellular N‐terminus, an extracellular C‐terminus, and 7TM helices.
The heretotrimeric G protein subunit Gαi is present on mitochondria
Authors: Lyssand John S. , Bajjalieh Sandra M.
Published: November 2007

Receptors that signal through heretotrimeric GTP binding (G) proteins mediate the majority of intercellular communication. Recent evidence suggests that receptors acting through G proteins also transfer signals across the nuclear membrane. Here we present cell fractionation and immunolabeling data showing that the heretotrimeric G protein subunit Gαi is associated with mitochondria. This finding suggests that G protein receptor signaling may be a feature common to all membranes.
Digital and transvaginal ultrasound cervical assessment for prediction of successful labor induction
Authors: Tanir H.M. , Sener T. , Yildiz Z.
Published: November 2007

Objective

To compare the values of preinduction transvaginal cervical length measurements and Bishop score to predict successful labor induction.

Methods

A prospective, observational trial of nulliparous women undergoing labor induction. Inclusion criteria were gestational age between 36 and 42 weeks, singleton cephalic presentation of the fetus, and intact membranes. Preinduction cervical ripening was performed using 25 μg intravaginal misoprostol (PGE1), repeated every 4 h, up to a maximum of 3 doses. Induction was subsequently continued by oxytocin and amniotomy.

Results

A total of 43 women met the inclusion criteria. Mean preinduction cervical length for women with successful or failed labor induction was 26 mm (95% Confidence interval [CI], 27–32) and 34 mm (95% CI, 33–38), respectively (P = 0.002). Mean Bishop scores for successful and failed induction groups were 5.4 (95% CI, 5.2–6.2) and 3.1 (95% CI, 2.8–3.5), respectively (P = 0.003).

Conclusion

Digital examination and transvaginal ultrasound of the cervix predict successful labor induction with reasonable accuracy.
A comparison of liquid‐based cytology with conventional cytology
Authors: Çelik Ç. , Gezginç K. , Toy H. , Findik S. , Yilmaz O.
Published: November 2007

Objective

To evaluate the 2 methods of cytologic screening to detect abnormalities of the cervical epithelium.

Methods

This study with 3 groups of women was performed at Selcuk University Meram Medical School between January 2004 and March 2006. In one group (paired sample for specimen collection) women were screened with conventional cytology; in another group (paired sample for specimen collection) they were screened with liquid‐based cytology; and in the third group (split sample for specimen collection) they were screened by both methods.

Results

The rate of unsatisfactory results was lower in the liquid‐based than in the conventional cytology group (6.1% vs. 2.6%; P < 0.05). More smears containing atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance were detected by the liquid‐based method, but the difference was not statistically significant. Also, no statistically significant differences between liquid‐based and conventional cytology were observed in the detection of other epithelial abnormalities (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

The liquid‐based and conventional cytology methods were found to be equivalent in the detection of cervical epithelial abnormalities.
Depression, antidepressant medication, and functioning outcomes among pregnant women
Authors: Marcus Sheila M. , Flynn Heather A.
Published: November 2007

Objectives

To describe prenatal patterns of antidepressant use and their relationship to depression in pregnancy.

Methods

A total of 276 high risk women completed a structured clinical interview to investigate use of antidepressant medication.

Results

Of the women interviewed, 13% (n = 36) reported current use of antidepressant medication; there were no differences in depression or health functioning outcomes between women taking antidepressants and those not using them.

Conclusions

Monitoring the depressive symptoms of women using pharmacotherapy during pregnancy is important to optimize their treatment.
Dosing of proton pump inhibitors is suboptimal among otolaryngologists treating reflux‐induced upper‐respiratory disease
Authors: Humayun Fawwaz , Hoff Paul T. , Robinson Eileen A. , Gunaratnam Naresh T.
Published: November 2007

Objective

To evaluate the practice of otolaryngologists treating reflux‐induced upper‐respiratory disease in a nationwide survey.

STUDY DESIGN

Survey study using an anonymous questionnaire containing clinical vignettes.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS

The survey was mailed to all 6,899 board‐certified fellow members in practice in the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery residing in the United States.

RESULTS

One thousand seven hundred twenty questionnaires were returned. Respondents empirically treated reflux‐induced upper‐respiratory disease with proton pump inhibitors once daily and twice daily 63% and 31%, respectively. Fifteen percent did not instruct their patients on how to take the proton pump inhibitors. Of those who instructed their patients, 22% advised dosing before breakfast, 32% before breakfast and again before dinner, and 46% recommended other timings. When prescribing twice‐per‐day dosing, 64% responded to give before breakfast and dinner and 28% responded before breakfast and at bedtime.

CONCLUSION

Suboptimal dosing of proton pump inhibitors is prevalent among otolaryngologists treating reflux‐induced upper‐respiratory disease.
Clinical experience with angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor–induced angioedema
Authors: Grant Nazaneen N. , Deeb Ziad E. , Chia Stanley H.
Published: November 2007

OBJECTIVES

To understand the presentation and clinical course of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor‐induced angioedema and to determine management factors associated with progression to airway compromise.

STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING

Retrospective chart review of patients taking ACE inhibitors who presented to the emergency department with angioedema between December 1999 and July 2004 (n = 228). Clinical presentation, treatment, and clinical course were analyzed.

RESULTS

The oral cavity was the most common location of upper‐airway angioedema. Twenty‐two (10%) patients required intubation, and all were intubated within 12 hours of presentation. Of the patients who required intubation, those who were started on an H1 ‐blocker were extubated earlier than those not on an H1 ‐blocker (P = 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The locations of swelling and drooling on admission are predictive of the need for intubation. Other aspects of presentation, treatment, and disposition can help in management decisions for this potentially fatal condition.

SIGNIFICANCE

This is the largest series to date of ACE inhibitor‐related angioedema that challenges theories on the etiology and treatment of this condition.
Estimate of radiation dose to the lens in balloon sinuplasty
Authors: Chandra Rakesh K.
Published: November 2007

Objectives

To estimate radiation dose to the lens during fluoroscopy‐assisted balloon dilation of sinus ostia and to estimate the length of fluoroscopy time that will be tolerated.

Methods

Radiation dose to the lens per unit fluoroscopy time was extrapolated from published data in fluoroscopically‐guided balloon dacrocystoplasty.

Results

Mean exposure varies from 0.041 (right eye) to 0.284 (left eye) mGy/sec (P = 0.037) because the left eye is closer to the radiation source during the lateral projection. Threshold for lenticular opacity has been estimated as 500 mGy, which would be attained in the left eye after approximately 29 minutes of fluoroscopy.

Conclusions

The lens may tolerate <30 minutes of fluoroscopy during balloon sinuplasty. The left eye receives a potentially greater radiation dose because of its proximity to the source in the lateral projection. Dedicated studies are indicated to specifically examine this issue during balloon sinuplasty.
Acute rise in methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in a coastal community
Authors: Bothwell Nici Eddy , Shvidler Joseph , Cable Benjamin B.
Published: November 2007

Objective

Describe the incidence of head and neck community‐acquired methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA‐MRSA) infections over a 5‐year period at a coastal tertiary medical center.

Study Design

Retrospective chart review.

Subjects and Methods

All patients presenting to the otolaryngology service with cultures taken from head and neck infections between 1999 and 2004 were eligible for inclusion. Statistical analysis was used to determine significance of the changing incidence of isolated organisms over the study period.

Results

CA‐MRSA infections rose from 21% to 64% over the 5‐year period. The increasing trend in CA‐MRSA infections reached statistical significance from 2003 to 2004. All CA‐MRSA isolates were resistant to cefazolin and penicillin, but most were sensitive to clindamycin.

Conclusions

Our data demonstrates a striking increase in the incidence of CA‐MRSA. We have tailored our treatment of cutaneous head and neck infections to include empiric treatment for CA‐MRSA using clindamycin. Awareness and monitoring of this trend will be important for all practitioners involved in the care of these patients.
Mid‐temporal pericranial and inferiorly based periosteal flaps in mastoid obliteration
Authors: Yung Matthew , Smith Phillip
Published: November 2007

Objective

To study the outcome of mastoid obliterations where mid‐temporal pericranial flap and inferiorly based periosteal flap were used.

Study Design

A prospective longitudinal study with a minimum follow‐up of 1 year.

Subjects and Methods

Between 2000 and 2005, 102 mastoid obliterations were performed on 96 patients, the majority having hydroxyapatite granules as fillers. Of these, 31 were primary obliterations and 71 were secondary obliterations. Thirty were on children under 16.

Results

Using Kaplan‐Meier analysis, the percentage of ears that were free of residual cholesteatoma at 5 years was 91% (95% CI: 83.1%, 100.0%). There was no recurrent cholesteatoma. Cutoff analysis was used to study other parameters at 5 years. The 5‐year otorrhea rate was zero, and 96% of the cavities became completely epithelialized. Twenty out of 24 ears were water resistant, and 50% had air‐bone gaps of 20 dB or better.

Conclusion

The outcome of this technique compares favorably to other reports.
UK Food Standards Agency Workshop Report: the effects of the dietaryn-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio on cardiovascular health
Authors: Stanley John C. , Elsom Rachel L. , Calder Philip C. , Griffin Bruce A. , Harris William S. , Jebb Susan A. , Lovegrove Julie A. , Moore Carmel S. , Riemersma Rudolph A. , Sanders Tom A. B.
Published: November 2007

This report summarises a workshop convened by the UK Food Standards Agency (FSA) on 11 September 2006 to review the results of three FSA-funded studies and other recent research on effects of the dietaryn-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio on cardiovascular health. The objective of this workshop was to reach a clear conclusion on whether or not it was worth funding any further research in this area. On the basis of this review of the experimental evidence and on theoretical grounds, it was concluded that then-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio is not a useful concept and that it distracts attention away from increasing absolute intakes of long-chainn-3 fatty acids which have been shown to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular health. Other markers of fatty acid intake, that more closely relate to physiological function, may be more useful.