bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Economic Survey of the Anakapalle Jaggery Market
Authors:   Madras Agricultural Department, A SANKARAM
Published: November 2023

Among the manufactured products of sugarcane, jaggery takes the first place. Its consumption is about two to two and a half times that of white sugar (both indigenous and imported). This shows that jaggery making as a cottage industry is very important in Indian rural economy. In recent years, it has been observed that the cane cultivator is an adept in the art of jaggery manufacture but is uncertain of his legitimate returns owing to the several disabilities he is suffering from, such as chronic indebtedness, want of ready money to meet cultivation charges, high rates of interest charged by money lenders, etc. Besides the wide and unsteady prices for jaggery, the existence of a host of middlemen in jaggery trade, the chaotic system of weights and above all want of properly organised marketing facilities makes jaggery making, as a cottage industry, a risky proposition. With a view to study the present system of marketing and to find out the possibilities of improvement in the same, an enquiry was carried out at the Anakapalle jaggery market. With the limited facilities available to the author the enquiry was confined to this one important trade centre and the results are presented in this paper.
Some Fruit-tree Diseases in Relation to Horticultural Practices and Mineral Deficiencies
Authors:   Fruit Specialist Kodur, Cuddapah, RAO DESAI NARAYANA
Published: November 2023

In combating plant diseases the most desirable and the least expensive means lie more in the line of prevention than in that of trealment. In fact, preventive methods are the only means effectively employed in certain diseases. Effectiveness of the method and the expense involved are the two criteria to be reckoned with when any of them are to be advocated either for prevention or for cure or when their suitability is to be assessed.
Some Noteworthy Features of Fruit Industry in Rajampet Taluk.
Authors:   Fruit Specialist Kodur, Cuddapah, T.K VISWANATHAN
Published: November 2023

Suitability of the tract for fruitvindustry. Rajampet Taluk in Cuddapah District is one of the most important fruit growing areas of the Presidency. This valley is bounded by Velikonda hills on the east and south and Seshachalam hills on the north and west. This tract is favoured by a fertile soil of considerable depth, good texture, plentiful supply of sub-soil water suitable for irrigation, freedom from cyclonic winds and proximity to the Madras market-factors eminently suited for making this orange belt famous in South India. This valley is also famous for the number of varieties of mangoes, limes and Sapotas, which it grows. But the commercial importance of mangoes and limes is shared by Chittoor and North Arcot districts. The success of the fruit industry depends not only upon the quality of the fruit produced, and additional wealth it brings to the individual fruit grower but also on the cheapness with which it is marketed so that it is made available to the poorest citizen of the province. The importance of fruit production and consumption of fruits in an essen- tially vegetarian country like India cannot be over-emphasised.
The Artisan's Share in Agricultural Production.
Authors:   University Reserach Student, Paddy Section,Coimbatore, M BALAKRISHNAN NAYAR
Published: November 2023

The self-sufficiency of Indian villages has, in fact, dis- appeared, and it exists now only in the vision of the future. Although the old harmony is absent and there is no well-defined functioning of the various social groups for the welfare of the entire village, the inter-depen- dence of classes is readily apparent even at the present time. In no other occupation is such mutual dependence so frequently felt as in the agri- cultural pursuits which still dominate life in the country side. The farmers cultivate the land with cattle and human labour while they are continually helped by many others like carpenters, smiths and basket-makers who supply ploughs, spades, baskets and similar articles of deadstock which are essential in farming. These artisans function mainly as suppliers of agri- cultural implements and their services are constantly needed in agricultural production.
Samai The Little Millet-Panicum miliare, Lamk.
Authors:   Millets Specialist and Genecticist and Principal Agricultural College Coimbatore, G.N RANGASWAMI AYYANGAR , U ACHYUTHA WARIAR ,   Assitant Millets Breeding Station Agricultural Research Institute Coimbatore
Published: November 2023

Very little literature is available regarding the place of origin of Samai. De Candolle (1884) does not make any reference to this crop in his "Origin of Cultivated Plants". According to Blatter and McCann (1935) "the crop is cultivated or naturalised throughout India and Ceylon; cultivated in the Tropics". Chevalier (1922) mentions that this species is cultivated only in British India and Ceylon, and perhaps also in Central China. The fact that it has a name in almost all languages of India, and that its wild ancestor P. psilopodium is found abundantly in India, Burma and the Malay Peninsula, indicates that Samal was first brought into cultivation in India.
Fodder Crops in the Madras Presidency-A Review
Authors:   Millets Specialist and Genectics ,Coimbatore, G.N RANGASWAMI AYYANGAR , T.R NARAYANAN ,   Assitant Millets Breeding Station Coimbatore
Published: November 2023

India has to maintain a dense population of over 200 per square mile, by methods of farming applicable only to tracks with shoul 2 persons to the square mile. The chief, and perhaps the only way to remedy the chronic under-nourishment of this dense population is by increasing the per capita consumption of milk and milk products. For this, a dove-lallin of arable and animal husbandries into one mixed-farming system in very urgently needed. As pointed out by Mr. Hilson in 1928; "the fodder problem in not only Madras, but the whole of India, is a vary important and a very urgent one. Better fodder means better cattle and more manure of better quality; this helps the farmer to raise better crops, get bigger profits and adopt a better standard of living as well as a higher level of mixed farming, with bigger and better fodder crops as an essential unit therein." The difficulty comes in, however, when one tries to formulate mixed-farming systems for all the widely varying conditions of climate and soils in India. For instance, in Sind and certain parts of the United Provinces, the introduc tion of irrigation into the existing dryland farming resulted in the deteriora- tion of the excellent breeds of cattle that thrived there before. For efficient milk production, the nutritive ratio of the feed, i. e., the ratio between the digestible crude proteins and the combined digestible fats and carbohyd. rates, should not be wider than 1:10. Since, the usually available cereal straws, such as paddy, wheat and raqi, have only a nutritive ratio of 1:70 and even the better kinds of green fodders like sorghun and guinea grass have a ratio of only 1: 12, the need for including legumes like lucerne and sunnhemp with a ratio of 1: 4, in the daily feed, would be obvious.
Fodder Crops in the Madras Presidency-A Review.
Authors:   Millets Specialist and Genectics ,Coimbatore, G.N RAO BAHADUR RANGASWAMI AYYANGAR , T.R NARAYANAN ,   Assitant Millets Breeding Station Coimbatore
Published: November 2023

Often termed the queen of forage crops, this is perhaps the most highly esteemed fodder in this province, as else- where in India. It has not, however, spread so well in Madras as in Western India; here it is still confined to the Government Farms and their neighbour hood. Though originally a native of temperate Asia (it is mentioned in the Bible) it seems able to stand the hot Indian climate very well indeed, although of course, the cuttings are heavier during the cold months of November-January than those from May-July. The crop needs a deep, well drained loam rich in lime, with adequate manuring and irrigations. Sullage water also can often be used with advantage, but soll alkalinity is fatal to its success. Being a rich feed, one or two pounds per day per animal is ample, so that in most places it need only be grown in small plots adjacent to wells. Apart from its value as a forage crop, lucerne is also reported as useful in the control of malaria. It is of course well known that malarial mosquitoes live, not only on human blood, but often feed on plant saps also. When they take in the lucerne sap, the organisms causing halaria are destroyed, rendering the mosquitoes harmless. Thus Egypt is believed to be free from malaria chiefly because lucerne is grown so extensively there. In the Argentine also, a similar thing is noted, and is corroborated by Russian workers in the Caucasus region. In Madras, lucerne was first introduced in 1916 on the Central Farm, Coimbatore, where it has ever since been a prominent and regular crop on about 2 acres. The cost of cultivation was rather high in the beginning (149 lb. per rupee in 1917, or Rs. 122 per acre) but dropped down to about 800 lb. per rupee in 1930. The average annual yield works out to 36,000 lb. in about 10 to 12 cuttings, at a cost of 425 lb. per rupee. The sale of lucerne in small bundles is a recent feature of the Coimbatore fodder supply.
Grass Flora of North and South Arcot Districts with special reference to fodder grasses.
Authors:   Agricultural Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, K CHERIAN JACOB
Published: November 2023

The North and South Arcot Districts receive a total annual rainfall of about 30 inches. The heaviest rainfall period is during the north-east mon- soon between September and November. During the year (1939) the north- east monsoon was late and only about two inches of rainfall were received towards the end of September. The regular monsoon, however, commenced from about the middle of October. The grass survey was made, between the 6th and 23rd of October. The grasses had just started fresh growth and a few were in flower which enabled their identification. The soils of these districts are generally sandy loam. A large area ia under paddy especially in the South Arcot District. There is, therefore, the necessity to maintain a large number of work bullocks and buffaloes. The question of large scale production of good fodder, therefore, is of utmost Importance to the ryot in these districts.
Tea Cultivation in South India.
Authors:   Manager Gajam, Mudi Estate Anamalais, E.A STONE
Published: November 2023

Weeding continues the whole year round. At certain times of the year, in the good growing weather before and after the monsoons, weeds grow very fast at these times a seed can grow into a full size plant which in its turn is producing seed in about 5 weeks or less. During the heavy rains the growth of weeds is less rapid, but weeds pulled out and left on the ground will continue to grow and flower. It is therefore necessary to collect them into big heaps which should be turned over after a few weeks to avoid spreading of seeds. In the dry weather there is little need of weeding, once the estates have been thoroughly cleaned up from the previous rains. It is usual for an estate to have seven, eight or nine complete rounds of weeding in a year. During the heavy rains only hand- weeding is done to avoid loosening the top soil too much and thereby losing it. With the hand weeders a few coolies are sent with weeding forks or kokras to clean up any grassy patches, but these being usually found in flat places forking will not cause much erosion. After the heavy rains are finished, clean weeding is started, using kokras. Fields which have recently been pruned and so have less cover from the tea will be the weediest and need cleaning up first. By the end of January an estate is usually quite clean. Kokra weeding is then continued until heavy and regular rain is falling i. e, about May.
A Survey of Fruit Cultivation in Kadayam.
Authors:   Agricultural Demonstrator Srivilliputhur, G VENKATAKRISHNAN
Published: November 2023

The importance of fruit as an integral part of our daily food has been of late increasingly recognised for their rich vitamin content and their therapeutic and prophylactic properties. The researches of Col. McCarrison and Dr. Akroyd, have proved the notoriously poor quality of the average South Indian diet and roused us from our apathy towards the dangers of malnutrition. These nutrition experts have recom mended eating of more fruits as a panacea for all the prevailing deficiency diseases. The Government are alive to the demands of the situation and have started a campaign of "Grow more fruits". Attempts in this direction consist, not only in exploring the possibilities of fruit cultivation in the plains wherever facilities exist, but also in helping the fruit industry in places where it is in a nascent condition, or in a languishing state. The fruit grow- ing area in and around Kadayam in the Tirunelveli District comes under the last category. With a view to suggest measures to resuscitate the industry to a profitable level, a preliminery survey of the tract was done in January 1939. This paper deals with the study of the present fruit growing condi tions in this region and the possible lines of improvement.
Prevention of Soil Erosion on Tea Estates in South India
Authors:   U.P.A.S.I, Tea Scientific Officer Nilgiris, J.D MANNING
Published: November 2023

The object of my contribution to your discussions, is to describe, what steps have been and are being taken to prevent soil erosion on tea estates in S. India. In one way tea estates present a special problem, but what I have to say about anti-erosion measures, applies very largely to any form of hill cultivation. Perhaps there are some of you not familiar with the tea industry in S. India, so I shall begin by saying that there are in Mysore, the Madras presidency and Travancore approximately 160,000 acres of tea. The chief districts in the Madras presidency are the Nilgiris, Wynad and Anamallais. In Travancore state tea is grown on the Kanan Devan Hills or High Ranges and in South and Central Travancore. Mysore and Cochin states have a comparatively small acreage.
Sorghum, Spikelet-Awn Relationships and Inheritance
Authors:   Millets Specialist and Genectics ,Coimbatore, G.N RANGASWAMI AYYANGAR , T VENKATARAMANA REDDY ,   Assitant Millets Breeding Station Coimbatore
Published: November 2023

The classification of sorghum is based primarily on the characters of the sessile spikelets, because they are less likely to have been modified in the evolution of the various cultivated species from their wild ancestors. The spikelets of sorghum may be awned or awnless. The awn is prominent in wild sorghum, in which it can be as long as 40 mm. In cultivated sorghum, however, the awn is much shorter, the longest being about 15 mm. Most of the wild sorghums possess awns; in the cultivated races both awned and awnless conditions prevail. The presence or absence of awn and the gradations in its length when present, are governed by genic factors. Given the full complément of factors determining maximum ex- pression of length, it can be said in general terms, the bigger the spikelet the longer the awn tends to be. Among the wild sorghums that have so far been examined at the Millets Breeding Station. Coimbatore, this relation- ship was borne out.
Nutrition and Agriculture
Authors:   Director Nutrition, Reserach Laboratoric, Indian Research Fund Association, W.R AYKROYD
Published: November 2023

If human beings are to be properly nourished they must have enough food to eat and the right kind of food to eat. In India we are faced with the problems of obtaining enough food for the people and the right kind of food. The former takes precedence over the latter. A considerable part of the population is under- fed in the quantitative sense-as the nutrition workers say, food intake falls short of calorie requirements. What proportion lacks sufficient lood we do not exactly know, but recent dietary investigations suggest that it is no small one. In some parts of the country the danger of famine is always imminent.
A Hearth for the use of Groundnut Husk as Fuel.
Authors:   Agricultural Demonstrator Arkonam, V VISWANATHAN
Published: November 2023

Madras grows 3'5 million acres of groundnuts. Seventeen, out of 24 districts in the province grow over 50,000 acres. Hence groundnut husk is available in large quantities and at cheap rates in several localities. The use of groundnut husk as fuel for the household is restricted because of its poor burning qualities. But with the aid of a suitable furnace, this defect is overcome and it becomes a very convenient fuel for cooking food in the kitchen. A hearth suitable for the South Indian household has been designed on the principle of the Sindhwahi furnace that is in use for boiling cane juice and making jaggery.
Climate and Crop Production in the Guntur Black Soils. A Preliminary Study
Authors:   Agricultural Demonstrator Guntur, S.V DURAISWAMI
Published: November 2023

The black-soil of the Guntur District is one or the most Interesting tracts in this presidency and has recently come into great prominence on account of the extensive production of cigarette tobacco. This tract has long been known to be an important centre for chillies groundnut (bunch variety), cotton and cigar-tobacco. Consequent on the introduction of the Virginia tobacco and its spread, the area under the food, fodder and chilli crops has been reduced. The approximate acreage of the different crops in the two districts of Guntur and Kistna are as follows:- groundnut 6,25000, cotton 1,10,000, tobacco (virginia) 85,000, chillies 56,000. It is of a great agricultural interest that all these crops are grown under dry conditions.
The Cultivation and Marketing of Roses at Iquaripalayam village,
Authors:   SuperIntendent Groundnut Market, Tindivanam, K.V NATESAN
Published: November 2023

It is a known fact that there is a continuous and grow- ing demand in all urban areas for roses among other flowers, throughout the Presidency. Many villages near such areas grow this crop on a field scale and Iquaripalayam is one such village. Roses fetch to its producers, the ready money to meet their house-hold and other day-to-day expenses. This village consists of nearly 100 homes and is situated about six miles, from Gummidipundi R. S. on the Madras-Culcutta line and is about 36 miles, from Madras by road. The total area of the village is about 1,000 acres, of which only 500 acres, are cultivable. The village has a tank with a very good water supply lasting for 6 to 9 months in a year, from August till April following. The ryots who cultivate roses belong chiefly to the Kshatriya caste, though a few Vysias and Adi-Dravidas also grow them.
Cardamom Cultivation in the Bodi Hills.
Authors:   Assitant in Entomology, Tinnevelly, M.S SUBBIAH
Published: November 2023

During 1937 there was a severe infestation of Taenothrips cardamomi on most of the cardamom estates in the Bodi Hills. The planters suffered a heavy loss. Some of them appealed to the Deputy Director of Agriculture, Madura for help early in 1938 In response to their request, the author was deputed to investigate this pest. This opportunity was taken to study cardamom cultivation as practised in these areas and the study continued as and when opportunities occurred. The materials gathered are summarised below. Cardamom-(Elettaria Cardamomum, Maton) is a valuable spice. The plants are found growing luxuriantly in a wild state in elevated sheltered areas, scattered in the thick humid ever green shola regions of the Western ghats, with an annual rainfall ranging from 100 to 150 inches. There are only limited areas satisfying the above conditions and these are confined to the Western ghats in parts of Mysore, Coorg, Cochin, Travancore and Madras Presidency. According to an official estimate the total area under carda- moms in South India is about 86,134 acres but there are reasons to believe that the area is at least 100,000 acres.
Tea Cultivation in South India
Authors:   Manager Gajam, Mudi Estate Anamalais, E.A STONE
Published: November 2023

There are many diseases which attack tea and nearly all are fungal parasites. The fungal root diseases are the worst as they almost always kill the bushes they attack; so I shall describe some of these first.
The Annamalai University Colonisation Scheme.
Authors:   Agricultural Demonstrator Chidambaram, C.S KRISHNASWAMI
Published: November 2023

In India, agriculture absorbs and provides employment to millions of our people. With a view to find out whether scientific farming would provide a decent income to the educated unemployed, Rao Bahadur Sri. M. R. Ramaswami Sivan, Retired Principal, Agricultural College, Coim batore, made a special study of the colonisation scheme in progress in the Punjab. He had the opportunity for this study, when he visited Lyallpur. In the Punjab, extensive areas with irrigation facilities are available and such lands were assigned to graduates who were willing to colonize ther and make agriculture their profession. The initial assignment of land was on a temporary basis but with the proviso that if the lands were properly cultivated and the colonies were kept in sanitary condition, permanent occupancy rights might be granted to the lessees any time after a period of 5 years The first batch consisting of 48 graduates from Arls, Science and professional colleges started the colony in 1932 and is still continuing as colonist farmers.
Palmyra Fibre Industry.
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, A SANKARAM
Published: November 2023

In many of the villages of the Vizagapatam district extraction of palmyra fibre is an important cottage industry. The industry is fairly an old one. As a typical cottage industry it provides sufficient employment to the ryot during his spare time and supplements his income from cultivation Of the different sources of brush fibre, the palmyra palm is easily the cheapest as it grows extensively on waste dry lands and on many field bunds. The technique of extraction is simple and does not involve the use of any costly appliances.
Polypharmacy in the elderly: A bibliometric and visualization analysis
Authors: Al-Taani Ghaith M , Al-Azzam Sayer I , Alzoubi Karem H , Sweileh Waleed M , Muflih Suhaib
Published: November 2023

Background: The incidence of polypharmacy is increasing owing to population aging and the associated presence of multiple comorbidities. This study aimed to provide an extensive overview of the history and development of the scientific literature on polypharmacy.

Methods: Data were gathered from the comprehensive Scopus database and assessed using various bibliometric methods, including analyses of citations, growth patterns, and key contributors in the field.

Results: A notable upward trend in the publication rate of polypharmacy research was observed throughout the study period (1976-2022). Journal of the American Geriatrics Society emerged as the predominant platform for disseminating polypharmacy-related findings. Hughes CM from Queen’s University Belfast, the United Kingdom (UK), emerged as the most prolific author in this field. Most articles were authored by researchers affiliated with institutions in the United States (n=267), the UK (n=92), and Italy (n=72).

Conclusion: This study provides compelling evidence of the escalating interest in polypharmacy and momentum in related research, highlighting the crucial publication-related aspects and indicators in this field. The findings underline the value of bibliometric analyses as a tool for healthcare professionals. The wide dissemination, influence, and visibility of polypharmacy research in reputable scientific journals emphasize the urgent clinical need for addressing polypharmacy concerns and encourage further exploration in this area.
Análisis de la transferencia de calor durante procesos de mecanizados en formación técnica y pedagógica
Authors: Echeverría Guzmán Ángel Yasmil
Published: November 2023

Los procesos de mecanizados en los últimos años han representado un avance importante para el ámbito industrial. Muchas de ellas son cada vez más exigentes en términos de calidad. Se hace necesario, por tanto, una preparación académica de calidad. En este sentido el objetivo de la siguiente investigación consiste en diseñar un módulo instruccional para el análisis de la transferencia de calor, pues por medio de él, quiere formarse profesionales capacitados tanto para el área pedagógica como para el industrial del Instituto Universitario Monseñor Arias Blanco (IUPMA). Para lo cual se empleó una metodología cuantitativa, que permitió medir las principales causas y consecuencias de la problemática manifestada por los estudiantes. Entre los principales resultados destacan la ausencia de la asignatura termodinámica en el pensum de estudio y de recursos didácticos en el taller de metalmecánica que permita la comprensión del tema. Por tanto, se concluye que, de no aplicar acciones correctivas, los egresados de la especialidad carecerán de conocimiento optimo, afectando el desenvolvimiento pedagógico y técnico del mismo. Para lo cual las autoridades y docentes del IUPMA deben generar y aplicar estrategias de aprendizaje tales como el módulo instruccional que permita suplir esas carencias presentadas por los estudiantes.
Aportes en la dimensión social y ambiental a la floricultura en el sector de hortensias bajo un enfoque de análisis de ciclo de vida
Authors: González Bedoya María Alejandra , Betancur Vélez Mailuz , Arenas Echeverri Cindy Natalia , Ríos Arango José Adrián
Published: November 2023

The Colombian flower industry has been growing and consolidating itself as one of the main economic activities in the country. This activity generates significant environmental and social impacts throughout its life cycle that must be resolved in order to consolidate itself as a sustainable economic activity, and for this reason the project "Environmental, economic and social life cycle assessment for hydrangea agro-industrial companies as a strategy for sustainable development in the Province of La Paz in eastern Antioquia, Colombia" is being developed for small and medium-sized producers' crops to trigger impacts and externalities in the production process. The methodology used in the project was based on the series of ISO 14040 and 14044 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and UNEP standards, which were evidenced in the production process of hydrangeas for export in a small farm. Some of the significant results of the research allowed identifying that the cultivation stage has grater influence on the categories of environmental impacts and social indicators evaluated, thus achieving the consolidation of relevant actions to improve the performance of the crops from a sustainability perspective.
Legal Protection for Online Shopping Business Receiving Fictive Orders With a Payment System on The Site or Cash on Delivery
Authors: Apriyanti Devi , Purwendah Elly Kristiani , Muchtar Wiwin , Pudyastiwi Elisabeth
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTÂ The implementation of buying and selling online provides many benefits to streamline time so that everyone can make buying and selling transactions wherever and whenever. However, in practice it raises several problems, such as on the Shopee shopping site with a payment system using the Cash On Delivery (COD) feature, there are obstacles that are detrimental to the seller. This obstacle is caused by consumers who do not have good intentions by disappearing suddenly when the goods arrive at the buyer's address so that the goods are not paid for and are forced to be sent back to the seller. This is clearly detrimental to the seller both in terms of material and immaterial. The focus of research in this thesis is to analyze the concept of consumer protection for Shopee sellers who implement the COD payment system. This study uses empirical juridical research methods using primary data located in Purwokerto. Data analysis techniques using qualitative methods. The results of the study show that good faith as a form of business actor's obligation to the Shopee Marketplace has been fulfilled, but there is an imbalance in the position of unilaterally canceling so that the business actor does not get his rights in the form of payment for goods. So the seller must bear the risk and the goods must be returned, and for the safety of the seller must bear the cost of resend so that COD becomes more expensive. This is referred to as the risk borne by the seller.Â Â
Consumer Protection Against Traditional and Dangerous Medicines in Indonesia
Authors: Indradewi A.A. Sagung Ngurah , Sahid Mualimin Mochammad
Published: November 2023

Indonesia is a country that has abundant biological wealth. It encourages the rate of production of traditional medicines which is then followed by a high level of community culture towards the consumption of traditional medicines. Traditional medicine is an alternative medicine in addition to generic drugs sold in pharmacies. Many traditional medicines that circulate in the community. It turns out that not a few are included in the category of dangerous drugs. The formulation of the problem in this research is how to protect consumers when problems arise due to dangerous traditional medicines. This research uses normative juridical research methods, while the results show the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan /BPOM) is a agency that has the authority to give permits and has the right to withdraw traditional medicines. The role of BPOM is also to provide recommendations on policies, especially in the regulation of traditional medicines. It turns out that there are rules regarding traditional medicines still overlap between the Government and BPOM in terms of supervision and protection of the community so that there are still many violations. The rules regarding traditional medicine are not yet comprehensive. The task of BPOM supervises production and distribution. The sanctions for violations for traditional medicine producers are in Articles 60 to 63 of the UUPK, namely administrative sanctions, criminal sanctions, and additional criminal sanctions. Meanwhile, dispute resolution can be through litigation, non-litigation, or the Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency.
Implications of Space Exploitation and Exploration on The Environment by Human Rights
Authors: Ahmad Syahird  , Irwan
Published: November 2023

This study aims to require an instrument of international law on the laws of space which is an ecological perspective by including the right to get a good and clean environment for everyone. Then, it will need to be found in the application of international-law instruments that have existed by launcher and private states to engage exploitation and exploration activities in space. This type of study results in normative juridical research that guides current international laws and regulations and other legal materials by studying library materials of legal materials that are relevant to the topic. The results of this study suggest that the destruction of exploitation and space exploration is a structural problem due to the political economic domination, both of developed and private countries and capital. By power and capital superiority, the exploitation and exploration of space are done far away from the perspective of human rights.
Peran Harga dan Citra Merek dalam Mediasi Pengaruh E-Word to Mouth terhadap Keputusan Pembelian melalui Aplikasi TikTok
Authors: Harisandi Prasetyo , Yahya Adibah , Risqiani Renny , Purwanto Purwanto
Published: November 2023

Currently, people in Indonesia need a way to shop that is easy and also reliable. The existence of the TikTok application is the answer to this problem in addition to its main function as an entertainment application that can be used with the Android or IOS application operating system. This study aims to determine whether price, brand image affect purchase intention by e-Word of Mouth mediation in using the TikTok application. This research method uses a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires to 130 consumers as measured by a scale of 1 to 5. Smart PLS (Partial Least Squares) is used in the analysis of this study to test external and internal models. The results of this study indicate that price, brand image have a significant impact on purchase intention. Through mediation variables e-Word of Mouth. So that the TikTok application can answer consumer questions and problems, simplify, and increase daily purchases. Nowadays, people need a way to shop that is easy, with prices and products that are suitable to save time and additional costs.
Efektivitas Kegiatan Gerakan Literasi Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Minat Literasi Siswa di SMPN 20 Medan
Authors: Umar Alfany , Batubara Abdul Karim
Published: November 2023

This research departs from the School Literacy Movement (GLS) programme launched by the Ministry of Education and Culture, as an effort to increase the literacy awareness of the nation's children. This research examines how the effectiveness of GLS activities in increasing students' interest in reading. This research uses a qualitative approach method with a descriptive type of research with the aim of explaining the effectiveness of the School Literacy Movement activities in increasing students' interest in literacy, the location is SMPN 20 Medan and data collection methods using an observation and interviews. The questions of research in this study are, what are the factors that influence the effectiveness of GLS activities at SMPN 20 Medan, how is the effectiveness of GLS activities in increasing students' interest in literacy at SMPN 20 Medan? This study concludes that there are internal and external factors that influence the effectiveness of GLS activities. In relation to the effectiveness of GLS in increasing students' interest in reading, this study concludes that GLS is quite effective in increasing students' interest in reading at SMPN 20 Medan. Finally, this study recommends SMPN 20 Medan to improve the quality of GLS activities by modernizing and digitalizing based information technology-activities.
Penerapan Media Poster Berbasis STEAM dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Siswa UPT TK Pembina 01 Pancung Soal
Authors: Muhammadi Muhammadi
Published: November 2023

The development of children's thinking skills is greatly influenced by learning methods as well as enthusiasm that encourages all forms of intellectual progress and social interaction skills. This article examines the application of poster media based on the STEAM learning approach at TKN 01 Pancung Soal, South Pesisir Regency, West Sumatra Province. This study includes qualitative research which is arranged in several stages of research, namely source collection, data analysis and interpretation. There are two types of sources used, primary sources which are primary or principal sources and secondary sources or sources of comparative research. Primary sources include school data such as establishment archives, board members, student names and so on as well as interview data obtained during the research. While secondary data is similar research that has been published in online journal media. This study concluded that the application of STEAM-based poster media has a major influence on children's thinking development abilities, especially in three aspects, namely increasing the ability to think, socialize and interact. Then from the pragmatic side, the application of poster media also has high effectiveness in children's learning and is easier to obtain.
Dari Petani Tradisional menjadi Koeli Perkebunan: Perubahan Mata Pencaharian Masyarakat Deli (1863-1869)
Authors: Harahap Hanif , Gunawan Dimas Ade , Karina Sri
Published: November 2023

This article aims to describe the social changes of the Deli community livelihood as traditional farmers to become koeli (coolies) during 1863-1869. This is historical research with four steps includes heuristics, criticism (internal and external), interpretation, and historiography. Historical source collected by library research includes the primary and secondary sources. Based on the research results, before the opening of the tobacco plantations, Deli was still dominated by ancient forests, the people of Deli mostly relied on the fertility of the Deli soil to fulfill their daily needs by becoming traditional farmers. In 1863, Deli began to be used as a plantation area by the Dutch which was pioneered by Jacobus Nienhuys, the people and traditional farmers in Deli began to become coolies with daily wages.
An ecolinguistic analysis of German textbooks used in Chinese universities: Environmental content and ecological view
Authors: Mou Yiwu , Wu Yun
Published: November 2023

German is offered to students as one of the leading foreign languages in Chinese universities, and German language textbooks are an important resource to influence these students’ environmental awareness. Taking transitivity as a theoretical framework, the present research was conducted to explore the transitivity features and ecological view of the environmental content in German language textbooks used in Chinese universities. The results show that transitivity patterns were significantly unbalanced in the environmental content, and an eco-beneficial view dominated to actively encourage students to protect nature. However, the political and cultural values underlying humanity’s destruction of the natural environment were not much touched upon. Corresponding suggestions are made for textbook compilers and classroom teachers.
FUNDING INFORMATION. This research was supported by a Grant from the Foreign Language Education and Teaching Reform of Lanzhou Jiaotong University (JGZ202337). We would like to express our thanks to the anonymous reviewers and the editors for their constructive suggestions on this research.
Descansamos-xiuxiamos: a case study of a teacher’s translanguaging practices and attitude in an L3 Spanish audio-oral classroom at a Chinese university
Authors: Lu Xiuchuan , Zuo Ya
Published: November 2023

Translanguaging is a concept that has been widely adopted to conceptualize the diverse multilingual and multimodal practices in foreign language classrooms. This study explored one teacher’s translanguaging practices and attitude in an L3 Spanish audio-oral classroom at a Chinese university. Based on data collected from classroom observation and interviews, the study identified a full range of translanguaging practices, including gestures, visual cues, touch, tone, pictures, and switching between languages, which the teacher used for five major purposes: concept/language point explanation, comprehension check, content knowledge localization, instruction reinforcement, and rapport building. The teacher acknowledged the value of translanguaging as a means to engage students’ full linguistic and cultural repertoires, assist content learning, and build rapport. The pedagogical implications of incorporating translanguaging practices in ELE (español como lengua extranjera) pedagogy is discussed, with insights into the teaching of languages other than English (LOTEs) in and beyond China.
FUNDING INFOMATION. This work was funded by Shanghai Pujiang Program (22PJC014, A study on the developmental trajectory of multilingual acquisition and education from an ecological linguistic perspective) and by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (S20230080, A study on the translanguaging practices in L3 Spanish audio-oral classrooms).
The emotions of teachers teaching German in Chinese secondary schools
Authors: Lian Fei , Li Yuan , Tao Jian
Published: November 2023

As part of the continued effort to advocate multilingual education, China has recently included German, French, and Spanish as subjects in secondary education. Secondary teachers teaching these languages other than English (LOTEs) may confront new challenges and opportunities, potentially making their professional lives emotionally intense. We therefore take teachers teaching German in Chinese secondary schools as examples and examine their emotions, including the emotion types and the reasons behind those emotions. Using a mixed method, the study surveyed 136 Chinese German teachers nationwide, and then conducted follow-up interviews with 20 participants. The study reveals that the Chinese German teachers experienced more positive emotions than negative ones. The positive emotions were mostly associated with positive interactions in their school settings, followed by their teacher knowledge, interests, and personality, while opportunities created by the development of the German subject constituted an additional factor. Implications for how to enhance LOTE teachers’ emotional experiences are discussed. 
FUNDING INFORMATION. This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the Funds of the Teaching Advisory Board for German majors under the Ministry of Education in China (21DYJJ06).
Teacher beliefs about teaching French as a foreign language in a Chinese university: a multilingual perspective
Authors: Shan Zhibin , Xu Hao
Published: November 2023

While French is an important European language being taught in Chinese universities, not much is known about French language teachers’ beliefs about its teaching as a foreign language, particularly not from a multilingual perspective. Adopting a multiple-case design, this study examined 5 French language teachers’ beliefs about the French language and the learner. Analysing data collected via interviews, the study revealed that teachers’ beliefs reflected neither the linguistic landscape of the French language nor the learner’s existing level of multilingualism. However, the teachers’ monolingual ideology as reflected in their beliefs seemed to co-exist with beliefs that reflected their multilingual ideology; the cultural capital brought by learning French as a foreign language prevailed in teachers’ beliefs about the language with reference to the value of French learning in their students’ future international communication in a multilingual world, and the teachers also perceived their students as French learners with English learning experience that could lend support to their French learning.
FUNDING INFORMATION. This research was funded by “Research on the Innovation of Foreign Language Education in China” (grant number: 22JJD740011), a major project of the Key Research Institutes of Humanities and Social Sciences under the Ministry of Education, as well as supported by the Beijing Foreign Studies University “Double First-Class” Fund (project title: “Construction of Standards for Foreign Language Education and Foreign Language Talents Training in Higher Education”, project number: 2022SYLZD010).
Analisis Naskah Drama Year Ten Thousandth Karya Fajri Syamsirani Dengan Unsur Dekonstruksi
Authors: Bahonie Siti Khadijah Robert , Hefni Asnan , Indrahastuti Tri
Published: November 2023

The main aim to make a drama script entitled “Year Ten Thousandth” by Fajri Syamsirani as a research with intend of examining the facts of the story and dismantling the script into elements of deconstruction. This study uses a qualitative method, by deciphering word and symbols full of meaning. Describe the data based on the facts of the story, including; characterization, plot, and setting. As well as dismantling the text with Jacques Derrida’s theory Deconstruction, including; Differance (Delay or Differentiator), Trace, and Sous Rature (Crossmark). Then define this drama script with social relations or society. Based on the results of data analysis, the facts found in the story is chronological plot, the main character is the protagonist and Ratu Babangida as the antagonist character. Both of  these characters as actors who have a big role in the course of the story.  Based on deconstruction’s theory used, which there are all elements, namely differance in the setting of the first time the incident began , Sous Rature  also occurs in the time setting because of the differance in dimensions that occur, then the introduction to the conflict that occurs. Cannot to described in reality , and revealed the Trace or absence of meaning to not leave or neglect to worship. Overall, the intrinsic elements of this research able to offer a space for human awareness not to leave obligation. Let alone neglect to worship. Absolutely the extrinsic explain how to describe a deconstruction theory through out in a drama script.
Analisis Tuturan Ritual Tawar Pengobatan di Desa Penyinggahan Kabupaten Kutai Barat Kalimantan Timur: Ditinjau Dari Bentuk Dan Fungsi Mantra
Authors: Dawati Sri , Ahmad M. Rusydi , Rijal Syamsul
Published: November 2023

The problems studied in this study are (a) How the form of speech of treatment bid ritual in Penyinggahan Village, Kutai Regency West; (b) How the function of speech of treatment bid ritual in Penyinggahan Village, Kutai Regency West; (c) How the meaning of speech of treatment bid ritual in Penyinggahan Village, Kutai Regency West. The aim of the research These are (a) To describe the form of speech of treatment bid ritual in Penyinggahan Village, Kutai Regency West; (b) To describe the function the ritual of speech of treatment bid ritual in Penyinggahan Village, Kutai Regency West; (c) To describe the meaning of speech of treatment bid ritual in Penyinggahan Village, Kutai Regency West. Methods used in research This is method analsys using observation techniques, structured interviews, note, record and listen. Research results obtained from data analysis that has been done by the author, the results of the research are (i) Mantra consists of several series of rhyming words; (ii) is verbal, magic or magical; (iii) asopheric (a special language between the speaker and the interlocutor); (iv) there are words that are less commonly used in everyday life. Function the bargaining spell of the treatment of the Kutai tribe based on the results of its function analysis, namely (i) The function of the mantra as a social controller; (ii) The spell functions as tolerance; (iii) The function of the mantra as a means to pray.
Analisis Bentuk dan Fungsi Tuturan Belian Sentiyu pada Masyarakat Muara Begai Kabupaten Kutai Barat
Authors: Fitriana Fitriana , Indrahastuti Tri , Rijal Syamsul
Published: November 2023

Belian sentiyu is a traditional ceremony performed by the Dayak Benuaq people in Muara Begai village, West Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan. The ceremony is related to the belief system and religion adopted by the local community and relates to requests for help to the spirits of spirits around them as well as ancestral spirits and the upper rulers (lahtala) and also the lower rulers (uwokng). This research focuses on the form and function of Belian Sentiyu's speech in the Muara Begai community. The purpose of this research was to describe the form and function of Belian Sentiyu's speech in the Muara Begai community. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research method. The data collection techniques used were observation, interview, recording, documentation, transcription, recording and summarizing, and translation techniques. The data analysis technique used is the analysis technique of Lexy J. Moleong, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results obtained from the form of speech in the form of spell characteristics, namely: (a) a series of rhyming words, (b) verbal, magical or magical, (c) espheric (a special language between the speaker and the interlocutor) and mysterious, ( d) use words that are less commonly used in everyday life. The functions of Belian Sentiyu's speech are: (a) as a means of validating cultural institutions and institutions, (b) as a means of educating children, (c) as a means of coercion and control so that the norms of society will always be obeyed by its collective members.