bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distinct Controls on the Strength of the Abyssal Overturning Circulation: Channel versus Basin Dynamics
Authors: Chang Chiung-Yin , Jansen Malte F.
Published: April 2021

Although the reconfiguration of the abyssal overturning circulation has been argued to be a salient feature of Earth’s past climate changes, our understanding of the physical mechanisms controlling its strength remains limited. In particular, existing scaling theories disagree on the relative importance of the dynamics in the Southern Ocean versus the dynamics in the basins to the north. In this study, we systematically investigate these theories and compare them with a set of numerical simulations generated from an ocean general circulation model with idealized geometry, designed to capture only the basic ingredients considered by the theories. It is shown that the disagreement between existing theories can be partially explained by the fact that the overturning strengths measured in the channel and in the basin scale distinctly with the external parameters, including surface buoyancy loss, diapycnal diffusivity, wind stress, and eddy diffusivity. The overturning in the reentrant channel, which represents the Southern Ocean, is found to be sensitive to all these parameters, in addition to a strong dependence on bottom topography. By contrast, the basin overturning varies with the integrated surface buoyancy loss rate and diapycnal diffusivity but is mostly unaffected by winds and channel topography. The simulated parameter dependence of the basin overturning can be described by a scaling theory that is based only on basin dynamics.
More Than Politics: How Personality Trait and Media Technology Use Affect Vote Likelihood During the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election
Authors: Zhong Bu , Sun Tao , Forde Sydney , Payne Gregory
Published: April 2021

Considerable work has been devoted to studying voter behavior in U.S. presidential elections by analyzing their political participation and attitude toward political advertising. Less is known about how other factors may alter voter behavior like personality traits and use of information and communication technology (ICT). This study analyzes vote likelihood among American young voters and their parents ( N = 674) after they watched four presidential campaign commercials . It proposes a hierarchical mediation model highlighting the need for cognition (NFC) impact on vote likelihood through the mediation of power use of ICT applications, political participation and trust in negative advertising. This study has revealed both the direct effect of NFC on vote likelihood, and the indirect relationship between NFC and vote likelihood that is mediated by power use of ICT applications. The findings should enrich the literature of vote likelihood by highlighting the effects of need for cognition and ICT usage.
A Flea’s Tumescence: Alan Blum, MD, on Exhibitions, Activism, Irony, and Collaboration
Authors: Lee David ,   (with Alan Blum)
Published: April 2021

In November 2020, I spoke with Alan Blum, MD, scholar, collector, curator, exhibitor, activist, and director of the University of Alabama Center for the Study of Tobacco and Society (CSTS). He has been creating tobacco-themed exhibitions since the 1980s—in brick-and-mortar as well as digital settings—based on a prodigious collection of tobacco-related artifacts. Before joining CSTS, as founder of Doctors Ought to Care, a national organization of concerned and outspoken physicians, Blum satirized and protested at tobacco industry–sponsored events. In addition to being an avid museumgoer, he closely follows the tobacco industry’s sponsorship of museums and exhibitions. This article contains excerpts from our interview, with Blum addressing the dynamism of tobacco marketing, the irony of CSTS exhibitions, his recollections of past exhibitions, and what he regards as the complicity of other industries and professions. Be advised that the exhibitions Blum curates and the views he expresses “may be hazardous to people’s preconceptions.”
Europe Abhors Donald Trump: The Opinion on the 2020 U.S. Presidential Elections and Their Candidates in the European Newspapers
Authors: Sintes-Olivella Marçal , Franch Pere , Yeste-Piquer Elena , Zilles Klaus
Published: April 2021

What is the opinion held by the European press on the U.S. election campaign and the candidates running for president? What are the predominant issues that attract the attention of European print media? Does Europe detest Donald Trump? The objective of the present study is to analyze the perception European commentators had of the 2020 race for the White House. The media, the audience, and European governments were captivated more than ever before by how the U.S. election campaign unfolded, fixing their gaze on the contest between Donald Trump and Joe Biden. Through a combined quantitative and qualitative methodology, a combination of content analysis and the application of framing theory (hitherto scarcely applied to opinion pieces), our research centers on exploring the views, opinions, and analyses published in eight leading newspapers from four European countries (France, Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom) as expressed in their editorials and opinion articles. This study observes how the televised presidential debates were commented on, interpreted, and assessed by commentators from the eight newspapers we selected. The goal was to identify the common issues and frames that affected European public opinion on the U.S. presidential campaign and the aspirants to the White House.
The place of non-invasive brain stimulation in the RANZCP clinical practice guidelines for mood disorders
Authors: Fitzgerald Paul B , Gill Shane , Hussain Salam , Sarma Shanthi , Chamoli Suneel , Weiss Alan , Garside David , Purushothaman Subramanian , Fasnacht Matthew , Simpson Brett , Csizmadia Tibi , Dean Carol , Loo Colleen
Published: April 2021

Clinical practice guidelines are important documents as they have the capacity to significantly influence and shape clinical practice in important areas of therapeutics. As such, they need to be developed informed by comprehensive and quality-based systematic reviews, involve consensus deliberations representative of the appropriate experts in the field and be subject to thorough critical review. A revised clinical practice guideline for the management of patients with mood disorders was recently published under the auspices of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists. However, this clinical practice guideline was not developed in a manner that reflects the appropriate standards that should apply to clinical practice guideline development and it has critical flaws, especially as it pertains to the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment for patients with depression. The revision of the college clinical practice guideline has explicitly removed clear and unequivocal evidence-based recommendations that were found in a previous version of the clinical practice guideline and replaced these with consensus-based recommendations. However, the consensus-based recommendations were developed without consultation of the appropriate expert body within the college and contradict the scientific literature. There is substantive and unequivocal evidence supporting the antidepressant use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of patients with depression and its use after a patient with depression has failed a limited number (typically around two) of antidepressant medication trials. Readers should refer to the college Professional Practice Guidelines for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation published in 2018 for thorough information about the use of this important new treatment.
Profiling rTMS: A critical response
Authors: Malhi Gin S , Bell Erica , Mannie Zola , Bassett Darryl , Boyce Philip , Hopwood Malcolm , Mulder Roger , Porter Richard J , Singh Ajeet B , Lyndon Bill
Published: April 2021

This article is a detailed response to the criticisms levelled by the authors of an accompanying viewpoint, which claims that the positioning of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the 2020 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) clinical practice guidelines for the management mood disorders (MDcpg2020) is incorrect. We, the authors of the MDcpg2020, strongly refute these assertions and argue that first we have determined the positioning of rTMS using the same criteria as those applied to other treatments for depression. Second, in accordance with National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) guidelines, the processes by which we have developed the MDcpg2020 have been guided by best practice and have been overseen throughout by the RANZCP. Third, our objective and detailed examination of the relevant research has shown that the evidence needed to support the positioning of rTMS alongside standard therapies for depression is severely deficient. And therefore, as a consequence, we set out clearly both our logic and reasoning with respect to interpreting rTMS data and outline our evidence-informed position in which rTMS remains a potential alternative therapy that can be considered in certain clinical circumstances once both suitable psychological and pharmacological treatments have been trialled. We also discuss why, until further research is conducted, rTMS is perhaps best regarded as an experimental therapy and an investigational tool, and to assist in this regard, we propose a framework for consideration by those conducting rTMS studies in the future. Thus, based on current knowledge, we conclude that rTMS does not have a sufficient evidence base to warrant recognition as a standard therapy for depression alongside established treatments such as psychological interventions, pharmacotherapy, and electroconvulsive therapy. Furthermore, there is no clinical profile for depressed patients that might benefit from rTMS and therefore tolerability alone is not good enough reason to promote rTMS in the management of major depression.
Technology as a Facilitator in the Learning Process in Urban High-Needs Schools: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Kormos Erik
Published: April 2021

Innovations in educational technology have led to heightened expectations for both K-12 teachers and students. Now, more than ever, teachers are expected to develop 21st century skills, which creates a necessity to understand how urban teachers feel about the role of technology in their teaching practice. In addition, teacher perceptions are necessary to identify better ways to prepare students for success. Utilizing a quantitative approach, this study explored these perceptions among urban K-12 teachers. Results suggested urban teachers lag behind their counterparts related to perceived effectiveness of technology. In addition, respondents indicated technology is not utilized frequently. The results revealed personal trial and error as the most common way of new knowledge and skill acquisition. Participants reported lack of student access to Internet at home as the largest barrier to technology implementation, followed by financial cost. These findings suggest urban teachers may need more guidance and professional development on how to effectively integrate technology into the classroom. Through the development of more thorough understanding of urban teacher usage of technology, administrators may design more effective continued learning opportunities. It is recommended future investigation be conducted across multiple states to investigate technology usage by grade level and content area to best equip urban teachers to effectively implement technology in their teaching practices.
Prevalence of anxiety, depression, and psychological distress among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Necho Mogesie , Tsehay Mekonnen , Birkie Mengesha , Biset Gebyaw , Tadesse Erkihun
Published: April 2021

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic is a worldwide epidemic declared by the world health organization as a public health emergency of concern and consequently inducing huge mental health and psychological reactions.

Aims:

This study is aimed to summarize the existing data regarding anxiety, depression, and psychological distress during the covid-19 pandemic among the wider population so that effective intervention strategies will be initiated.

Methods:

Pieces of literature that assessed anxiety, depression, and psychological distress among the general population during the COVID pandemic period were systematically gathered. Data extraction in Microsoft excel was done by two independent reviewers using predefined criteria. The analysis was done using a stata-11 and random effect model. A sub-group and sensitivity analysis was done. Besides, the funnel plot and eggers publication bias test was tested.

Results:

Sixteen studies that assessed 78,225 participants were included. Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis for anxiety prevalence. The average prevalence of anxiety was found to be 38.12%. A sub-group analysis showed that anxiety was 33.33% in China and 47.70% in other countries (Italy, Turkey, and India). Anxiety prevalence in studies measured with the DASS-21 scale, GAD-7 scale, and other tools (SAS, HADS, and 5-point Likert scale) was 23.4%, 40.73%, and 44.47% respectively. The prevalence of anxiety in studies that assessed a sample size above 2,000 participants was 40.33%. The average prevalence of depression among included studies was 34.31% and a sub-group analysis showed that depression was higher in China (36.32%) than in other countries (28.3%). Moreover, six studies reported psychological distress and the average prevalence was 37.54%.

Conclusion:

This study revealed that anxiety, depression, and psychological distress are potential public mental health problems of the global community that suggests the need for early recognition and initiation of interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic period.
Trajectories of incorporation and the socioeconomic status of immigrants in Spain during the economic crisis: The case of the Basque Country
Authors: Fullaondo Arkaitz , Moreno Gorka
Published: April 2021

Spain has experienced a major social transformation, which is the result of immigration. This article looks at the differences that occur in their trajectories of incorporation, taking into consideration the socioeconomic, migratory and legal variables. The results show the social stratification of the immigrant group and the differences in terms of internal inequality. Furthermore, it has been noted that while in a period of economic boom, human capital was the most important factor in explaining a rising incorporation, in the period of recession, duration of stay is the crucial variable, not so much for a rising incorporation, but to maintain the same socioeconomic status.
Considerations for integrating technology into social work practice: A content analysis of nine professional social work associations’ Codes of Ethics
Authors: Pascoe Katheryn Margaret
Published: April 2021

This article provides an overview of key ethical considerations for the adoption of technology in social work practice. A content analysis was conducted across nine professional social work associations’ Codes of Ethics. Although considered key reference documents to guide safe practice, this research found limited and varied coverage of technology and focused predominantly on social media use. In an increasingly Internet-based and technology-driven world, social workers must resist reactionary responses to rapid technological developments. Consulting multiple sources is vital to assess the advantages and limitations of technology use, and to mitigate risks to service users, their families, fellow practitioners and the profession.
A new strengthening process of thermoplastic polypropylene reinforced by interlayered activated sizing film-free carbon fiber treated by electron beam irradiation under oxygen-rich nitrogen gas prior to assembly and hot-press
Authors: Kitagawa Shodai , Kimura Hideki , Uchida Helmut T , Faudree Michael C , Kaneko Satoru , Endoh Tamio , Salvia Michelle , Nishi Yoshitake
Published: April 2021

A new process of activating sizing film free (removed sizing) carbon fiber (SFF-CF) mats directly with electron beam irradiation (EBI) under oxygen-rich nitrogen gas prior to lamination assembly and hot-press was found to increase bending strength of CFRTP (CF reinforced thermoplastic polypropylene (PP)) interlayered composite composed of 3 SFF-CF mats between 4 PP sheets, [PP]4[SFF-CF]3. The hot-press fabrication was performed under 4.0 MPa at 473 K for 1 min. Experimental results showed optimal condition of 0.22 MGy-EBI under 2,000 ppm-O2-rich, protective N2 atmosphere improved bending strength, σb at all accumulative probabilities, Pf over that of untreated. This could be explained by maximum number of the strong covalent bonds of CF:C:C:PP and oxygen assisted CF:C:O:C:PP bonds adhering bare SFF-CF surface to PP, instead of the weak intermolecular bonding of CF(H2O, N2, O2)PP of untreated. The optimal concentration of O2 molecules together with the EBI probably purified the SFF-CF surface simultaneously generating dangling bonds, which already naturally exist in SFF-CF as evidenced by the highest intensity ESR peak whose inflection point was at B = 323 mT. This, along with attaching O groups to the SFF-CF surface can explain the increased SFF-CF to PP adhesion sites and bending strength increase. Fracture analysis showed the optimum condition prevented ply delamination and reduced damage area along sample length appearing to increase cohesion between the difficult to adhere thermoplastic PP and SFF-CF plies to take on higher loads. Although bending strength was increased, carefulness is always highly recommended when investigating unsized CF composites.
Monitoring of mechanical properties of prestressed glass fiber epoxy composites over 12 months after fabrication
Authors: Mohamed Mahmoud , Brahma Siddhartha , Ning Haibin , Pillay Selvum
Published: April 2021

Fiber prestressing during matrix curing can significantly improve the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced polymer composites. One primary reason behind this improvement is the generated compressive residual stress within the cured matrix, which impedes cracks initiation and propagation. However, the prestressing force might diminish progressively with time due to the creep of the compressed matrix and the relaxation of the tensioned fiber. As a result, the initial compressive residual stress and the acquired improvement in mechanical properties are prone to decline over time. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the mechanical properties of the prestressed composites as time proceeds. This study monitors the change in the tensile and flexural properties of unidirectional prestressed glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites over a period of 12 months after manufacturing. The composites were prepared using three different fiber volume fractions 25%, 30%, and 40%. The results of mechanical testing showed that the prestressed composites acquired an initial increase up to 29% in the tensile properties and up to 32% in the flexural properties compared to the non-prestressed counterparts. Throughout the 12 months of study, the initial increase in both tensile and flexural strength showed a progressive reduction. The loss ratio of the initial increase was observed to be inversely proportional to the fiber volume fraction. For the prestressed composites fabricated with 25%, 30%, and 40% fiber volume fraction, the initial increase in tensile and flexural strength dropped by 29%, 25%, and 17%, respectively and by 34%, 26%, and 21%, respectively at the end of the study. Approximately 50% of the total loss took place over the first month after the manufacture, while after the sixth month, the reduction in mechanical properties became insignificant. Tensile modulus started to show a very slight reduction after the fourth/sixth month, while the flexural modulus reduction was observed from the beginning. Although the prestressed composites displayed time-dependent losses, their long-term mechanical properties still outperformed the non-prestressed counterparts.
Avoidant Attachment as a Panacea against Collective Mortality Concerns: A Cross-Cultural Comparison between Individualist and Collectivist Cultures
Authors: Plusnin Nicholas , Kashima Emiko S. , Li Yang , Lam Ben C. P. , Han Shihui
Published: April 2021

Despite the universality of cultural worldviews and self-esteem in providing people with general protection against death anxiety, recent empirical and anecdotal evidence suggests that death anxiety is more pronounced in East-Asian collectivist cultures than in Western individualist cultures. We propose that collectivists are encumbered by the additive concerns for the mortal well-being of close others in addition to their own, whereas individualists are primarily concerned with their own mortality, which would explain the reported differential death anxiety between cultures. Focusing on individual differences in attachment avoidance, we predicted that avoidant collectivists, with disinterest in interpersonal relationships and staunch independence despite living in a collectivist culture, would report less death anxiety on par with enculturated individualists. Results from our study support the contention that elevated levels of death anxiety among collectivists are explained by their cultural predilection toward interdependence, which attachment avoidance undermines, thus leading to reduced death anxiety.
The Relation Between Anti-Fat Stereotypes and Anti-Fat Prejudices: The Role of Gender as a Moderator
Authors: Jovančević Ana , Jović Miljan
Published: April 2021

Research suggests that people attribute more negative traits to individuals with obesity than to non-obese individuals, and that females with obesity are seen more negatively than males. The theory also suggests that stereotypes are cognitive predecessors of prejudices. The aims of this research were to examine the latent structure underlying anti-fat stereotypical traits, differences in perceiving individuals with obesity and non-obese individuals, male and female individuals with obesity, as well as the role of anti-fat stereotypes in anti-fat prejudices. The sample consisted of 106 respondents (Male = 16; Female = 86; Mean age = 19.98), who graded stimuli photographs of male and female individuals (with obesity and average-weight) on series of anti-fat stereotypical traits on two occasions, and filled in Anti-fat prejudices questionnaire. The data were analyzed through EFA and CFA, ANOVA, and structural equation modeling (moderation). Four factors behind stereotypical traits were extracted: Positive social image, Perceived lack of self-care, Perceived persistence, and Antipathy. It has been shown that respondents gave stimuli photographs of individuals with obesity lower scores on Positive social image and Perceived persistence, and higher scores on Perceived lack of self-care and Antipathy. The same results were obtained for females within the subsample of individuals with obesity. Furthermore, it has been shown that certain anti-fat stereotypes (Positive social image, Perceived lack of self-care, and Perceived persistence) predict anti-fat prejudices, and that gender was a significant moderator of the effect of Perceived lack of self-care on anti-fat prejudices. We can conclude that individuals with obesity are indeed seen in a more negative light than non-obese individuals, and that this is more pronounced for females with obesity, which is in accordance with previous studies. Moreover, the results suggest the possible role of anti-fat stereotypes as cognitive predecessors of anti-fat prejudices, and that gender of individuals with obesity has an effect on this relationship.
Sport-to-School Spillover Effects of Passion for Sport: The Role of Identity in Academic Performance
Authors: Yukhymenko-Lescroart Mariya A.
Published: April 2021

There is a theoretical and empirical basis that suggests that passion and identity are interrelated and that they can cross the achievement domain in influencing outcomes. Using a sample of student-athletes ( N = 187), the first purpose of this study was to examine whether academic identity and athletic variables (athletic identity, harmonious and obsessive passion for sport) can predict academic performance and persistence. The second purpose was to determine whether these relationships are invariant across sex and first-generation status. Academic outcomes were positively predicted by academic identity and negatively predicted by athletic identity. Harmonious and obsessive passion for sport were both negatively related to academic performance indirectly through athletic identity. Harmonious passion also was a weak positive predictor of academic persistence. The identified relationships were largely invariant across sex and first-generation status. Findings suggest that both academic and athletic variables can predict academic outcomes.
Knowledge of Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus Among Women Who Are Pregnant or Intend to Become Pregnant, Arizona, 2017
Authors: Anderson Elizabeth J. , Ernst Kacey , Garcia David O. , Lopez Elise , Pogreba Brown Kristen , Austhof Erika , Carr McCuin Dametreea , Hayden Mary H. , Koss Mary P.
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Levels of knowledge about the sexual transmission of Zika virus are consistently low in populations at risk of a mosquito-borne outbreak, including among women of childbearing age and women who are pregnant or intend to become pregnant. We investigated the effectiveness of sources of public health messaging about sexual transmission to women who are pregnant or intend to become pregnant in Arizona.

Methods

In 2017, we conducted an Arizona-statewide survey 15 months after the initial release of US guidelines on sexual transmission of Zika virus. We used Poisson regression, adjusting for demographic factors, to estimate the likelihood among women who were pregnant or intended to become pregnant of knowing that Zika virus is sexually transmitted relative to other women of childbearing age. We used multinomial logistic regression models to explore associations with most used health information sources, either in person (eg, medical providers) or online (eg, Facebook), categorized by extent of dependability.

Results

Women who were pregnant or intended to become pregnant had similarly poor knowledge of the sexual transmission of Zika virus as compared with other women of childbearing age (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.14 [95% CI, 0.83-1.55]). Only about one-third of all respondents reported knowledge of sexual transmission. Reliance on high- vs low-dependability information sources, whether in person or online, did not predict the extent of Zika virus knowledge among women who were pregnant or intended to become pregnant.

Conclusion

As late as the second year of local Zika virus transmission in the United States, in 2017, women in Arizona were not receiving sufficient information about sexual transmission, even though it was available. To prepare for possible future outbreaks, research should explore which aspects of Zika information campaigns were ineffective or inefficient.
Health Insurance Status as a Predictor of Mode of Colon Cancer Detection but Not Stage at Diagnosis: Implications for Early Detection
Authors: Jones Lindsey A. , Brewer Katherine C. , Carnahan Leslie R. , Parsons Jennifer A. , Polite Blase N. , Ferrans Carol Estwing , Warnecke Richard B. , Rauscher Garth H.
Published: April 2021

Objective

For colon cancer patients, one goal of health insurance is to improve access to screening that leads to early detection, early-stage diagnosis, and polyp removal, all of which results in easier treatment and better outcomes. We examined associations among health insurance status, mode of detection (screen detection vs symptomatic presentation), and stage at diagnosis (early vs late) in a diverse sample of patients recently diagnosed with colon cancer from the Chicago metropolitan area.

Methods

Data came from the Colon Cancer Patterns of Care in Chicago study of racial and socioeconomic disparities in colon cancer screening, diagnosis, and care. We collected data from the medical records of non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White patients aged ≥50 and diagnosed with colon cancer from October 2010 through January 2014 (N = 348). We used logistic regression with marginal standardization to model associations between health insurance status and study outcomes.

Results

After adjusting for age, race, sex, and socioeconomic status, being continuously insured 5 years before diagnosis and through diagnosis was associated with a 20 (95% CI, 8-33) percentage-point increase in prevalence of screen detection. Screen detection in turn was associated with a 15 (95% CI, 3-27) percentage-point increase in early-stage diagnosis; however, nearly half (47%; n = 54) of the 114 screen-detected patients were still diagnosed at late stage (stage 3 or 4). Health insurance status was not associated with earlier stage at diagnosis.

Conclusions

For health insurance to effectively shift stage at diagnosis, stronger associations are needed between health insurance and screening-related detection; between screening-related detection and early stage at diagnosis; or both. Findings also highlight the need to better understand factors contributing to late-stage colon cancer diagnosis despite screen detection.
Service Learning with a Gender Perspective: Reconnecting Service Learning with Feminist Research and Pedagogy in Sociology
Authors: Vergés Bosch Núria , Freude Leon , Camps Calvet Clara
Published: April 2021

Service learning (SL) is growing in our universities and in Spain. However, still much action and research are needed with a gender perspective. This article aims to evaluate an SL project that consisted of workshops in schools on gender and technology. We evaluated the experience with a mixed-methods approach and a gender perspective. This includes qualitative self-reports of 19 university students of sociology of gender as well as quantitative surveys completed by the 284 school students and 13 of their teachers. Our results indicate a great satisfaction among university students as well as the schools. This SL experience helped our university students to acquire specific knowledge regarding gender and social issues as well as several skills, especially communication, organization, empathy, critical thinking, and social and gender awareness and responsibility. Therefore, we conclude that such experiences show a great potential for learning as well as for social and gender transformations.
Data science literacy: Toward a philosophy of accessible and adaptable data science skill development in public administration programs
Authors: Overton Michael , Kleinschmit Stephen
Published: April 2021

Public administration is struggling to contend with a substantial shift in practice fueled by the accelerating adoption of information technology. New skills, competencies and pedagogies are required by the field to help overcome the data-skills gap. As a means to address these deficiencies, we introduce the Data Science Literacy Framework, a heuristic for incorporating data science principles into public administration programs. The framework suggests that data literacy is the dominant principle underlying a shift in professional practice, accentuated by an understanding of computational science, statistical methodology, and data-adjacent domain knowledge. A combination of new and existing skills meshed into public administration curriculums help implement these principles and advance public administration education.
The Role of the Mexican Consulate Network in Assisting Migrant Labor Claims across the U.S.-Mexico Migratory System
Authors: Martínez-Schuldt Ricardo D. , Hagan Jacqueline Maria , Weissman Deborah M.
Published: April 2021

We investigate the role of the Mexican government in assisting migrant workers in the labor claims-making process across three consular jurisdictions in the United States. Our analysis of administrative documents finds that consular support varies in relation to the local context within which consulates operate and depends on the circumstances of labor issues. We argue that binational claims, which involve migrants that have returned to Mexico, emerge in local economies characterized by cyclical migration of temporary workers and necessitate particular forms of consular support. This study reveals the diverse ways consulates assist workers and offers insight on how local contexts shape consular support.
Framing Lear’s fool in Indian films: ‘Doth any here know me?’
Authors: Trivedi Poonam
Published: April 2021

This article examines three Indian films based on King Lear through their reconfigured framing of the Fool: Gunasundari Katha (Tale of the Virtuous Woman, 1949, Telugu), Rui ka Bojh (Weight of Cotton, 1997, Hindi), and Natsamrat (Actor King, 2016, Marathi). Though the nature and role of the Fool in the play is much debated, this essay argues that he is central and his treatment reflects the divergent views the films take on Shakespeare’s tragedy. The fact that the Fool is also a familiar figure in Indian drama, from the classical Sanskrit, medieval folk and modern plays, conditions the transpositions of the intercultural adaptations.
Understanding ASEAN’s approach to sanctions against norm breakers
Authors: Schembera Kerstin
Published: April 2021

Regional organisations (ROs) increasingly act as promoters of democracy by applying sanctions against members who do not comply with collectively agreed norms. Despite the absence of an official sanctions policy, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) does interfere in certain ways into member states’ internal issues in some cases of norm violations. This study empirically explores how and why ASEAN decides to interfere or not in such situations. The findings derived from case studies on Cambodia and Myanmar, drawing on evidence from documents, media, and interview data reveal novel insights on ASEAN regionalism in the context of non-compliant member behaviour. I argue that the informal approach to regionalism provides ASEAN with a lot of room for discretion in responding to members’ norm violations. The article identifies geopolitical preferences, extra-regional interference, and legitimation as explanatory factors for the RO’s varying punitive actions.
Equity via relations of equality: Bridging the classroom-society divide
Authors: Richerme Lauren Kapalka
Published: April 2021

Although music educators have asserted the importance of naming systemic inequities, the mechanisms through which practices within music classrooms, such as community formation, may directly challenge the systemic inequities beyond them remain undertheorized. The purpose of this philosophical inquiry is to investigate the nature of equity and to consider which music education practices might best support more equitable societal relations. Explaining the problems of paternalistically imposing one’s vision of equity on others, I offer that by functioning in “relations of equality,” members of society might collaboratively name and challenge contemporary inequities. In considering how music educators might best foster the skills and dispositions needed for lifelong relations of equality, I posit the possibilities of communicative cultural capital, which involves community members interacting effectively across cultural differences, and academic skills cultural capital. When music educators assume that students will develop academic skills through music making, rather than emphasize how to develop such skills, they may end up benefiting students who learn those dispositions in privileged home environments. I also consider how identifying as part of a musical community can motivate individuals to challenge inequities throughout their lives. Equity is not a stable end but a relational value.
Suicide Ideation and Its Correlates Among University Undergraduates in South Western Nigeria
Authors: Ajibola Ayodele Olamide , Agunbiade Ojo Melvin
Published: April 2021

Suicide is one of the leading causes of death among young people aged 15 to 29 years of age. Ideation or suicidal thoughts , which precedes suicide is sometimes normalized and excused thereby missing avertable deaths within a given context. Understanding suicide ideation and the associated social correlates within contexts can provide cues on how to mitigate suicide. This paper examines the potential social factors that are shaping suicidal ideation among young people in two universities in Nigeria. Based on a mixed-method design, a survey was conducted among a proportionate sample of 500 young people (18–25years that are undergraduates). Four Focus Group Discussion sessions were also held among the same group and six semi-structured interviews with social workers at both universities. Quantitative evidence associated irregular financial support (OR = 0.60; p < 0.05) and broken intimate relationship (OR = 1.57; P < 0.05) with suicide ideation. Findings from the qualitative component also considered undergraduates that have academic challenges, engage in substance abuse, and have parents with marital problems to be prone to suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation among these young people is embedded in their network of relationships, which can be mitigated when the quality of support systems is responsive and adequately accessed.
Transcranial direct current stimulation in patients after decompressive craniectomy: a finite element model to investigate factors affecting the cortical electric field
Authors: Sun Weiming , Dong Xiangli , Yu Guohua , Shuai Lang , Yuan Yefeng , Ma Chaolin
Published: April 2021

Objective

To simulate the process of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on patients after decompressive craniectomy (DC), and to model cortical electric field distributions under different electrode montages, we constructed a finite element model that represented the human head at high resolution.

Methods

Using computed tomography images, we constructed a human head model with high geometrical similarity. The removed bone flap was simplified to be circular with a diameter of 12 cm. We then constructed finite element models according to bioelectrical parameters. Finally, we simulated tDCS on the finite element models under different electrode montages.

Results

Inward current had a linear relationship with peak electric field value, but almost no effect on electric field distribution. If the anode was not over the skull hole (configuration 2), there was almost no difference in electric field magnitude and focality between the circular and square electrodes. However, if the anode was right over the hole (configuration 1), the circular electrodes led to higher peak electric field values and worse focality. In addition, configuration 1 significantly decreased focality compared with configuration 2.

Conclusion

Our results might serve as guidelines for selecting current and electrode montage settings when performing tDCS on patients after DC.
Sporadic multiple renal angiomyolipoma with lymph node involvement: a case report and literature review
Authors: Ding Xiaobo , Cui Meizi , Wang Tiejun , Wang Helei , Wang Xinyu , Qiu Wei , Wang Yanbo
Published: April 2021

Angiomyolipoma (AML) is a benign tumor that mainly occurs in the kidneys. Simultaneous involvement of the kidney and local regional lymph nodes is very rare and might be misdiagnosed as a metastasizing malignant cancer. In the present study, a 50-year-old woman was referred to our hospital after a routine health screening ultrasound. Sporadic multiple renal AML with lymph node involvement was suspected based on the clinical manifestations and radiologic features. Partial nephrectomy was performed and a para-inferior vena cava lymph node was removed. The pathologic results confirmed multiple AML with lymph node invasion. We also reviewed the English-language literature regarding renal AML with lymph node involvement. We found that middle-aged women were likely to develop this disease and that loin pain was the main presenting feature. Most patients had no history of tuberous sclerosis complex. Radical nephrectomy was the predominant treatment. No local recurrence or distant metastasis occurred in any patients after radical nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy. In conclusion, renal AML with lymph node involvement is rare but can occur in both patients with tuberous sclerosis complex and those with multiple sporadic AML. Partial nephrectomy should be the first-line treatment, after which further treatment is not necessary.
Predictors of testicular sperm retrieval in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia: a review
Authors: Qi Lin , Liu Ya P , Zhang Nan N , Su Ying C
Published: April 2021

Azoospermia is divided into two categories of obstructive azoospermia and non-obstructive azoospermia. Before 1995, couples with a male partner diagnosed with non-obstructive azoospermia had to choose sperm donation or adoption to have a child. Currently, testicular sperm aspiration or micro-dissection testicular sperm extraction combined with intracytoplasmic sperm injection allows patients with non-obstructive azoospermia to have biological offspring. The sperm retrieval rate is significantly higher in micro-dissection testicular sperm extraction compared with testicular sperm aspiration. Additionally, micro-dissection testicular sperm extraction has the advantages of minimal invasion, safety, limited disruption of testicular function, a low risk of postoperative intratesticular bleeding, and low serum testosterone concentrations. Failed micro-dissection testicular sperm extraction has significant emotional and financial implications on the involved couples. Testicular sperm aspiration and micro-dissection testicular sperm extraction have the possibility of failure. Therefore, predicting the sperm retrieval rate before surgery is important. This narrative review summarizes the existing data on testicular sperm aspiration and micro-dissection testicular sperm extraction to identify the possible factor(s) that can predict the presence of sperm to guide clinical practice. The predictors of surgical sperm retrieval in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia have been widely studied, but there is no consensus.
Longitudinal association between cardiovascular health and arterial stiffness in the Chinese adult population
Authors: Sang Yu , Mao Kaimin , Cao Ming , Wu Xiaofen , Ruan Lei , Zhang Cuntai
Published: April 2021

Objective

Arterial stiffness may be an intermediary biological pathway involved in the association between cardiovascular health (CVH) and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to evaluate the effect of CVH on progression of brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) over approximately 4 years.

Methods

We included 1315 cardiovascular disease-free adults (49±12 years) who had two checkups from 2010 to 2019. CVH metrics (current smoking, body mass index, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose) were assessed at baseline, and the number of ideal CVH metrics and CVH score were calculated. Additionally, baPWV was examined at baseline and follow-up.

Results

Median baPWV increased from 1340 cm/s to 1400 cm/s, with an average annual change in baPWV of 15 cm/s. More ideal CVH metrics and a higher CVH score were associated with lower baseline and follow-up baPWV, and the annual change in baPWV, even after adjustment for confounding variables. Associations between CVH parameters and baseline and follow-up baPWV remained robust in different sex and age subgroups, but they were only able to predict the annual change in baPWV in men and individuals older than 50 years.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the benefit of a better baseline CVH profile for progression of arterial stiffness.
Comparative Evaluation of Adenoids, Upper Airway, and Tongue Using “Predictors of Difficult Airways” in Class II Division 1 and Division 2 Cases with Class I Cases: Prospective In Vivo Observational Study
Authors: Choudhari Smita Mangesh , Shrivastav Sunita
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

Altered nasorespiratory function leads to altered craniofacial growth. Thus, airway evaluation is important for preventive, interceptive, and corrective orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare adenoids, the upper airway, the tongue, and mandibular dimensions using “predictors of difficult airways” in class II division 1 and class II division 2 cases with class I cases.

Method:

Sixty subjects of age 15 to 18 years were divided into 3 groups (group 1: class I cases; group 2: class II division 1 cases; and group 3: class II division 2 cases) based on cephalometric parameters, with 20 cases in each group. Cephalometric evaluation of adenoids and the nasopharyngeal airway was done using the Handelman–Osborne area method. Upper and lower airway evaluation was done using McNamara’s linear method. “Predictors of difficult airways” were used for evaluation of the airway, which included nasal competency, the Mallampati scale, mandibular length, mandibular protrusion, and the thyromental distance.

Results:

The present study found a significant positive correlation between the grades of nasal competency and percentage adenoid wall area, and a significant negative correlation between the grades of nasal competency and the upper airway. There was a significant positive correlation between the grades of nasal competency and mandibular length, and a significant positive correlation between the grades of mandibular protrusion and mandibular length. There was a significant positive correlation between the grades of the thyromental distance and mandibular length.

Conclusion:

It was concluded that the “predictors of difficult airways” would be helpful in early diagnosis and identification of potential risk factors that may cause “breathing disorders”–related malocclusions and later on increase the risk of developing OSA.
Auditory Alerts and Safety with Simulated Bicycles and Motor Vehicles
Authors: Craig Curtis M. , Morris Nichole L. , Achtemeier Jacob D. , Schwieters Katelyn R.
Published: April 2021

Bicycling has become an increasingly popular and environmentally friendly active transportation modality for many commuters across the nation. Consequently, as ridership increases so does the rate of bicycle–motor vehicle crashes, many of which are caused by reduced bicycle visibility and driver inattention. Therefore, one effective solution to improve bicyclist safety may be through the use of an audible bicycle alarm system to alert both the driver and the rider. A study was conducted to determine whether a unique auditory alert would be effective at reducing crash rates and whether a localized alert (i.e., an alert presented from the driver’s perspective) would improve the driver’s responsiveness in avoiding a potential collision. A driving simulator study tested car horn sounds, an experimental bike alert, and no auditory alert in different potential collision scenarios to measure collision rates and other collision avoidance metrics. Findings indicated that the experimental bike alert contributed to fewer relative crashes than the horn sound and no sound on bicycles, motor vehicles were struck more frequently than bicycles, collisions were more likely to occur from the front than the sides, and collisions were more likely for drivers going straight than when making turns. Taken together, the findings suggest that an alarm designed to be specifically compatible with bicycles is more effective than auditory alerts from other sources.