bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical modeling of liquid magnesium convection in a titanium reduction apparatus with consideration of effective boundary conditions
Authors:   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Karasev Timofey O. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perminov Anatoly V. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University
Published: December 2022

We investigate the numerical problem of conjugate heat exchange between liquid magnesium, a steel retort, and the air-cooling zone of the titanium sponge reduction reactor furnace at the initial stages of production. The uneven distribution of heat fluxes on the side surface of the retort significantly affects the formation of convective turbulent flow inside the apparatus. The accurate consideration of thermal boundary conditions will make it possible to adequately solve the problem of heat and mass transfer in the reactor without using model representations of heat flows on the boundaries of the retort. The problem was solved in the axisymmetric nonstationary formulation using the k-ω SST turbulence model. In the numerical simulation, two conceptual solutions of the problem were implemented. The first one involves the end-to-end calculation in the framework of the coupled heat and mass transfer problem, with the calculations performed in all parts of the titanium reduction apparatus and thermal boundary conditions set on its outer boundaries. The second model relies on an effective thermal boundary condition that is applied to the outer boundary of the retort and excludes calculations in the cooling channel when investigating magnesium convection. The first model, due to its greater completeness, is more accurate, but requires considerable computational resources and time. The model with an effective thermal boundary condition, provided that the coefficients in it are selected appropriately, gives results qualitatively and quantitatively close to those obtained through end-to-end calculations. At the same time, such a model is more economical. The paper evaluates the possibility of applying an effective boundary condition. Convective flows of molten magnesium in the retort under different modes of blowing and heating have been studied. The influence of the radiation part of the heat flow on the formation of convective currents is shown.
Atomic force microscopy of subsurface structures
Authors:   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Morozov Ilya A.
Published: December 2022

Atomic force microscopy techniques of rapid indentation make it possible to obtain physical and mechanical properties simultaneously with the topography of the surface. In the general case, the obtained relief depends on the load with which the probe indents the surface. The paper presents a method of treatment of the force curves that highlights the changes in the relief at each individual step of the applied load: the surface topography (the moment of the probe touching the material), the transition region, and the sub-surface structures are separated (standard software only provides the topography corresponding to the maximum of the applied load). The proposed approach is illustrated by studying both soft and relatively stiff materials. In the first case, a two-phase polymer (polyurethane) was considered – the fibrillar structure of the polymer hidden by the soft nanolayer was shown; a study of the protein layer deposited on the surface of this polymer revealed a dendritic nanostructure of the protein film under the homogeneous surface layer. In the second case, a polymer modified by plasma implantation of carbon ions was investigated – subsurface inhomogeneities of the implanted carbon layer were shown; deformation-induced nanocracks were found to be first formed under the surface in the stiffest part of the modified layer. The paper proposes a method for estimating the thickness of the soft surface layer. It is also shown that the most complete picture of the subsurface structure does not correspond to the maximum of the applied load. The paper raises the problem of investigating adhesion interactions and the validity of using adhesion in calculating the elastic modulus in cases where the surface of an inhomogeneous material is covered by some nanolayer. The considered methods not only allow one to determine the surface relief and the features of the subsurface structures but also give the knowledge of what the researcher sees when using standard software of the device.
Stability of a poorly conductive liquid subjected to unipolar autonomous charge injection in an electric field
Authors:   Perm State University, Il’in Vladimir A. , Zadorozhny Nikita I. ,   Perm State University
Published: December 2022

We study a model of autonomous unipolar charge injection from the cathode in a poorly conductive liquid in a steady electric field of a flat horizontal capacitor. According to this model, the charge density injected into the liquid has a constant term and a term directly proportional to the electric field strength in the capacitor. An electrohydrodynamic approximation is used. The case of weightlessness in an isothermal liquid is considered. The equilibrium distributions of the electric potential and charge density in the limiting case were found in analytical and numerical form. The linear stability of the poorly conductive liquid was studied. The boundary value problem was solved numerically by the targeting method using the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg integration procedure. Neutral curves were obtained. Critical parameters were determined. The dependences of the convection thresholds on two injection parameters were found. With an increase in the modulus of either of the two injection parameters, the threshold for the occurrence of electroconvection decreases, it occurs with a smaller electric field.
Stochastic parametric excitation of Rayleigh-Bénard convection
Authors:   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Permyakova Evelina V. ,   Perm State University, Goldobin Denis S. ,   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS,   Perm State University
Published: December 2022

The paper is devoted to the problem of the thermal convection excitation in a horizontal layer with isothermal free boundaries caused by a random modulation of the gravity acceleration. Equations for the stochastic dynamics of the amplitude of small perturbations of the temperature field and the stream function are derived for the system. For these equations, the conditions for the growth of mean-square values are derived; these conditions are used as a criterion for the excitation of convective motions in the system. The excitation of flows is considered both for the case of heating from below and for heating from above. It is verified that, for any parameter values, the obtained modes of the fastest growth of mean-square values lie within the physically meaningful domain of the phase space. In contrast to the case of high-frequency periodic vibrations, white Gaussian noise always exerts a destabilizing effect on the heat-conducting state of the system. The cases of white Gaussian noise and harmonic high-frequency vibrations are also compared in a general form, without reference to a particular form of thermal convection equations.
Investigation of the radiation response of optical fibers induced by pulsed ionizing radiation
Authors:   Perm Scientific-Industrial Instrument Making Company, Azanova Irina S. ,   Perm State University, Sharonova Yulia O. ,   Perm Scientific-Industrial Instrument Making Company, Pospelova Elena A. ,   Perm Scientific-Industrial Instrument Making Company, Khisamov Damir V. ,   Perm Scientific-Industrial Instrument Making Company, Volyntsev Anatoliy B. ,   Perm State University, Filippov Alexey V. ,   Russian Federal Nuclear Center All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Physics, Petukhov Igor V. ,   Perm Scientific-Industrial Instrument Making Company
Published: December 2022

We have studied the radiation response of a single-mode optical fiber under the influence of pulsed photon and gamma-neutron radiation. The recovery time of the characteristics of the same optical fiber for one dose per pulse can vary within a wide range from a few milliseconds to several seconds, depending on various influencing factors. It is for the first time that we have experimentally recorded an increase of radiation-induced attenuation (RIA) of an optical fiber in the short-wavelength region after exposure to a pulsed neutron flux, simultaneously with RIA decrease in the long-wavelength region after the end of exposure and a subsequent RIA decrease in the entire studied wavelength range. This may mean a reversible rearrangement of the glass structure of the optical fiber. The RIA curves of the optical fibers under the influence of pulsed ionizing radiation are analyzed using the approaches of chemical kinetics. It has been established that the reaction order of the relaxation processes of short-lived radiation-induced color centers (RTCs) is fractional, which indicates a complex, possibly multi-stage process. After a few microseconds after exposure, all relaxation processes are in the diffusion region. The paper is the first to show that the characteristic RTCs relaxation time is directly related not only to temperature but also to the level of the stress-strain state of the optical fiber, and for an optical fiber with a pure-silica core, it is additionally related to the input optical power.
The effect of the centrifugal field on the reaction-diffusion-convection processes in a two-layer system of immiscible solvents
Authors:   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Shmyrov Andrey V. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Denisova Maria O. ,   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Mizev Alexey I. ,   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University
Published: December 2022

The presence of a chemical reaction in a liquid medium can lead to changes in some physicochemical parameters of the system and, as a consequence, a number of hydrodynamic instabilities can develop. Studying the conditions of their occurrence in various force fields is an important task, given that the appearance of a convective mechanism of heat and mass transfer can increase the reaction rate by several orders of magnitude. This article presents the results of an experimental study of the effect that a centrifugal field has on the conditions of occurrence, intensity and structure of convective motion arising during a neutralization reaction occurring between reagents initially located in different layers of a two-layer system of immiscible solvents. The upper layer was a solution of hydrochloric acid in n-pentanol, the lower layer was an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. The use of inorganic reagents excludes the development of capillary types of instability, bringing to the fore gravity-dependent mechanisms of the convective motion formation. We studied the spatial-temporal distribution of the reagents and reaction product, the structure of the resulting flow by means of interferometric methods and by adding an acid-base indicator. The studies were conducted in parallel in the gravity field and in the centrifugal field. The influence of the centrifugal field leads to a radical change in the flow structure with a slight increase in the reaction rate due to convective motion, compared with experiments in the gravity field. Convective motion in a centrifugal field develops even under conditions when the system remains hydrodynamically stable in a constant gravity field. It is suggested that the reason for the change in the flow structure is the Coriolis force, the manifestations of which are traditionally neglected in theoretical studies due to, as it is believed, its smallness in comparison with the centrifugal force.
LEGAL ISSUES OF TAXATION OF DIGITAL BUSINESS MODELS
Authors:   Financial Research Institute of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Ponomareva K. A.
Published: December 2022

Introduction: the article is the result of research on the implementation of measures aimed at improving the tax regime of profit taxation in the digital economy. The central issue in the discussion around taxation of the digital economy is the distribution between states of tax rights in relation to digital business models. The author discusses the problem of establishing a link with a certain tax jurisdiction and the problem of profit distribution after this link has been established. The study provides a focus on a comprehensive analysis of the legal framework aimed at ensuring tax security of the state in the context of digital transformation. Purpose: on the basis of comparative legal research, to reveal the features of digital business models that necessitate the application of special taxation rules to them as well as to identify possible areas for improving Russian tax legislation in this field. Methods: analysis and synthesis, the principle of unity of theory and practice; the principles of objectivity and comprehensiveness of research; the principle of interdisciplinarity of research; formal legal, comparative legal, historical, statistical methods. Results: the features of digital business models that necessitate the application of special taxation rules thereto have been identified; suggestions on how to improve Russian tax legislation have been formulated. Conclusions: based on a comparative analysis of transnational groups of digital companies and their activities in various states, the study identifies the features of digital business models that make it necessary to apply special taxation rules to them. The following are suggested as possible areas for improving the tax legislation of Russia: revision of approaches to taxation of a permanent establishment and enshrinement of the rules on taxation of a digital permanent establishment in Article 309 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation; regulation of the relationship between the concepts of services and royalties with regard to the activities of digital companies; regulation of platform employment from the perspective of taxation.
DIGITALIZATION OF LEGAL PROCEEDINGS AS A WAY TO ENSURE ACCESS TO JUSTICE
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Razveykina N. A. , Shikhanova E. G. ,   Samara National Research University, Dmitriev A. V. ,   Autonomous Non-profit Organization of Higher Education Humanities University
Published: December 2022

Introduction: rapid spread of the coronavirus infection caused restrictions that have affected all areas of social relations. Russian legal proceedings have also changed significantly. The new context revealed problems in ensuring the work of the courts and administration of justice. The purpose of the article is to analyze the problems of the justice system during the pandemic, in particular, the inability to exercise the right to protection, lack of access to justice, violation of procedural deadlines, technical unpreparedness of courts for the implementation and use of information technologies in justice. Methods: general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison and classification, abstraction and axiomatic method); statistical methods; special legal methods such as content analysis of legal acts and interpretation of laws. Results: we have analyzed legislation and compared Russian experience with the level of digitalization of judicial systems in foreign countries. The study indicates a low level of digital transformation of Russian legal proceedings and poor quality of the changes that have taken place. The realization of the right to judicial protection appears to be the most urgent problem. Conclusions: the pandemic showed unreadiness of the Russian judicial system for the rapid implementation of information technologies. However, it seems likely that in the short term, due to the information technology development, it will become possible in some cases to abandon the practice of face-to-face hearings on a wide range of cases.
SURROGACY & HUMAN TRAFFICKING: INTERBRANCH CONFLICT
Authors:   Southwest State University, Bogdan V. V. , Urda M. N. ,   Southwest State University
Published: December 2022

Introduction: the article discusses the challenging problem of the interbranch conflict between the legal institution of surrogacy and a criminally punishable act – human trafficking. The normative minimalism of regulatory legislation, the lack of understanding of the essence of surrogacy as a legal institution, insufficient understanding of the legal essence of the contract for child bearing and birth, are the factors that necessitate defining the boundaries of what is permissible through drawing a distinction between the application of surrogacy technology and the crime mentioned. Resolution of this issue is of particular importance for ensuring legal certainty that would exclude both abusive practices in legal relations involving surrogate motherhood and unlawful prosecution against the participants in these relations. Purpose: to create a conceptual framework for the interbranch relationship between the institution of surrogacy and the criminal law prohibition of human trafficking. Methods: empirical methods of comparison, description, interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic; special scientific methods: legal-dogmatic and the method of interpretation of legal norms. Results: the research into interbranch interaction of the institutions in question showed that the root cause of contradictions in the practice of applying the norms under study is the lack of a uniform systemic approach, both at the international and domestic level, to determining the legal boundaries of surrogacy technology and to the protection of relations generated by this technology by the norms on human trafficking. Conclusions: we have formulated doctrinal definitions of the institution of surrogate motherhood and the contract for child bearing and birth, which is interpreted as an interbranch contract; identified the legal nature of the surrogate mother’s consent to record the potential (genetic) parents in relation to the child born by her; described the specific nature of contractual structures included in the subject area of surrogate motherhood, with the identification of defects that transfer private-law relations regulated by them into the field of criminal law; formulated recommendations on the application of Article 127.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. At present, there are no means in international law to resolve the conflict between legal surrogacy and human trafficking; the transnational nature of the phenomena under study dictates the need for the development of such means.
Poetics of the Epic Image in Works by Ivan Goncharov
Authors:   Perervinskaya Theological Seminary, Melnik Vladimir I.
Published: December 2022

Ivan Goncharov’s poetics is distinguished by a special kind of organicity (according to N. I. Prutskov’s terminology, Goncharov’s ‘organic novel’). It allows one to consider a person in extremely close unity not only with the social environment but also with the natural-cosmic, religious and other aspects of life. An artist, in fact, depicts a person as part of concepts such as nature, space, national mentality, etc., taken and represented in an organic unity of simultaneous and joint manifestations in the human psyche (the coincidence of the psycho-biological rhythm of a person with small and large rhythms of the surrounding life and the universe). The writer shows these connections using the poetics of depicting a single rhythmic ‘pulsation’ of a person and the surrounding life, the poetics of depicting ‘organic repetitions’ (natural cycles of the seasons, morally significant toponymy, etc.) with the obligatory exit from cyclical repetition at the moment of ‘transformation’, a qualitative change toward spiritualization. Rhythmic repetitions are so obvious and artistically accentuated, and spiritual ‘breakthroughs’ are so microscopic (and by no means always obvious even to researchers) that it gives the impression of an epically unhurried, almost protracted narration. In this case, Goncharov, as an artist, is trying to base his poetics on the Parable of the Sower (‘A man scatters seed on the ground. <…> whether he sleeps or gets up, the seed sprouts and grows, though he does not know how’). This is how Goncharov sets and develops one of his main themes: God’s Mystery in man and the world.
Construction of an Oral Monologic Descriptionin the Native and Non-Native Language:the Beginning of the Text (based on the descriptionsof the comic strip by Herluf Bidstrup ‘Elixir for Hair’)
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Xie Ruoyi
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the beginnings of spontaneous monologic descriptions and their peculiarities. The descriptions were recorded from 8 Russian and 20 Chinese informants when speaking in Russian, i.e. when speaking in the native and non-native language, respectively. All texts are descriptions of Herluf Bidstrup’s comic strip Elixir for Hair, which represents a series of 13 interconnected pictures telling a story of a bald man. This material is part of the corpus of Russian monologic speech created at Saint Petersburg State University and known as the Balanced Annotated Text Library (SAT). The main research method is comparative. The description of the material was performed at the levels of discourse and structure, it is provided with quantitative data and correlations with the characteristics of the informants: social characteristics – gender and the level of Russian language proficiency (for the Chinese) – and psychological characteristics (extroverts / ambiverts / introverts). The analysis of the material showed that the construction of a monologic description is determined by a number of lexical, cultural, and individual factors. The spontaneity of such a monologue is determined by the fact that the ideal three-part structure (beginning – main part – ending) is not always realized. Among the beginnings in the analyzed material, two types were identified: verbal (nominative themes, ‘fabulous-narrative’ beginning, starting pragmatic marker) and non-verbal (hesitation, paralinguistics), as well as their combinations. The most common way to indicate the beginning of a monologue for the Russian and Chinese informants was hesitation-vocalization. The Chinese prefer the verbal beginning, especially constructions with nominative themes and ‘fabulous-narrative’ beginnings, while the Russians prefer starting pragmatic markers. The results of the analysis can be useful both for colloquialistics (the theory of colloquial speech) and for the practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language (linguodidactics).
Evaluative Language in Scientific Discourse:Terminological Framework and Methodological Perspectives
Authors:   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Chernyavskaya Valeria E.
Published: December 2022

Evaluation is considered as a key feature in scientific communication and academicwriting. It is a crucial pragmatic tool in scientific activity among specialists and experts. The paper provides a systematic review of authorial evaluation research in the literature and aims to outline the major strands of current research. The study was carried out as interdisciplinary and intercultural analysis. It showed that different methodological approaches have been adopted to examine the issues of evaluation across disciplines, different sociocultural practices, languages, through different analytical lenses. The review is based on the publications in the scientific area in Russian and English. Based on contextual-interpretive analysis, comparative analysis of literature, analytical review of theoretical concepts, the study identified the current state and the major theoretical and methodological approaches adopted in the field of pragmatic linguistics, text linguistics, discourse analysis, linguistic axiology over the past thirty years. It revealed the terminological diversity used to describe the evaluative language in English literature. As relevant sources there were selected publications in peer-reviewed journals and/or chapters from monographs published in 1990–2022, indexed in the RSCI, Scopus, WoS, ERIH PLUS databases. The search query included the Russian terms otsenka, otsenochnost’, and the English terms evaluation, stance, appraisal, voice. The main strands in research on the evaluative use of language have been identified, namely: the stance strand, the analysis of the authorial stance, when the speaker/writer adopts a certain value position and makes it visible in the text structure by means of linguistic devices; the appraisal strand, the study of a wide range of evaluative devices that show the author’s attitude to the subject of the statement, the communicative partner; the voice strand, coordination with other voices, dialogic involvement of the author’s voice in other subjective positions.
Contrastive Analysis of English, Russian, and Hebrew “Black” Idioms
Authors:   Behazlaha Center, Kigel Tali
Published: December 2022

The work aims to collect and analyze English, Russian, and Hebrew idioms with the lexeme black/черный/שחור (hereinafter – BLIS). It is the first study implementing the collection of Hebrew idioms and the comparison of these three languages as the subject of scientific research. The article proposes a systematization of BLIS based on microsystems consisting of meaning associative chains with logically and semantically related meanings. The material under study comprises about 440 idioms (including about 180 English, 160 Russian, and 100 Hebrew idioms) collected from trilingual electronic lexical, phraseological sources, and Internet searches. The study used qualitative and quantitative contextual-functional, semantic, and cultural-linguistic analyses within the lingua culturological approach. After compiling lists of idioms, identifying their meanings, and comparing them, the author created a table with groups of equivalent and unique BLIS. The microsystem of equivalent BLIS consists of three groups of associative chains: 1. The optical color of the object. 1.1. Nature. Natural phenomena, physical objects – Resources; Flora – Fauna; Body – Skin color. 1.2. Human activity. Etalon color – Black and white image; Clothing: Official – Mourning – Military; Food, beverages; Medicine – Drugs; Board games – Competition – Sports; Hybrid war: Disinformation – Secret operations; Economy – Profit – Employment; Vote; Computers, devices; Typography; Art: Literature – Music – Morbid Humor. 1.3. Intellectual, mental, and moral problems. Clarity – intellectual activity; Unpredictable event – Exception; Prohibition versus permission; Unsuccessful, Difficult – Depression, Pessimism; Ruinous – Illegal; Magic. The proposed classification covers physical, mental characteristics, and a large number of human activity areas, and allows the inclusion of new BLIS in the future. These results can be effectively used in L2 teaching, in human and especially in automatic translation. The described equivalent metaphors prove the common features in the linguocultural picture of the world, and unique BLIS complement this picture, which is important for intercultural communication and automatic translation of idioms.
Kinds of Expert Evaluation in Anglophone Art Discourseon Works by Irina Nakhova
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Shutemova Natalia V.
Published: December 2022

The paper aims to study kinds of expert evaluation and its representation in anglophone art discourse concerning the oeuvre of the artist Irina Nakhova. Based on the cognitive discourse analysis of the catalogue ‘Irina Nakhova. Museum on the Edge’, prepared by Jane Sharp and Julia Tulovsky for the artist’s exhibition at the Zimmerli Art Museum, the author of the paper has studied the subject, object and kinds of evaluation formulated for the foreign viewer. The study revealed that the subject of evaluation is characterized by complexity and includes, firstly, the authors of the publication, being experts in the field of art criticism, secondly, the artist herself, whose opinion is represented through direct and indirect quotation, and thirdly, the viewer, whose understanding is conveyed through the prism of the authors’ idea of it. Depending on the subject of evaluation, there can be distinguished internal and external, direct and indirect kinds of evaluation. The internal evaluation belongs to the artist, while the external one – to the authors of the publication and recipients. These kinds of evaluation are associated with the processes of generation and perception of a work of art. The direct evaluation belongs to the authors of the text, whereas the indirect one is reported by them, but belongs to the artist and the recipient. Based on the analysis, the complexity of the object of evaluation is revealed: it includes the artistic conception, the content and form of the works, their aesthetic impact on the recipient. It is established that the conception is given a positive rational evaluation by experts and a neutral rational evaluation by I. Nakhova herself. A positive rational evaluation of the content and form of works can be combined with a negative rational evaluation of the depicted object and a negative emotional evaluation of the aesthetic impact of some works on the recipient. To justify the evaluation of I. Nakhova’s oeuvre, there are used arguments based on facts, references to the authoritative persons and the recipient, comparison with other artists. The paper concludes that the evaluation of I. Nakhova’s works in anglophone art discourse is polyphonic, polychromic, well-reasoned.
Animalistic Imagery in the Short Novel ‘The Guardian of the Trap’ by A. V. Korolev
Authors:   Astrakhan State University, Zavyalova Elena E.
Published: December 2022

The aim of the study was to identify the literary functions of animalistic images in the early, unexplored novel by A. V. Korolev The Guardian of the Trap. The choice of this aspect is due to the fact that the depiction of the animal world occupies a significant place in the work, appears to be fundamentally novel, original, and has a conceptual character. The paper identifies the most frequently depicted objects, establishes the patterns of their rendering, the figurative-symbolic meaning, and the ideas they carry. Animalistic tropes were found to be often used to embody the battle theme. Perhaps the most important characters in the work are two birds, a carrier pigeon and harpy, his opponent. A number of other ornithological images are associated with a certain class, ‘caste’. Parallels between human characters and their animal counterparts are clearly drawn. As the dramatic tension increases, there also increases the ‘animateness’ of the literary space. Living beings are equalized in their importance. The inconsistency of an artificial system is demonstrated – both on a scale of an individual and the entire state; the unity of what exists in the universe, the connection of times, and the primacy of the divine principle are manifested. The paper concludes that A. V. Korolev departs from the realistic paradigm already at the beginning of his literary career. His works show the writer’s particular interest in phantasmagoric transformations, collage, irony, grotesque, marginal meaning, the multiplicity of heterogeneous codes, multidimensionality. All this makes it possible to clarify the vector of the writer’s creative search and take a fresh look at the literary process of the mid-1980s.
The Archetype of the Irresponsible Parent in the Young Adult Novel of the 21st Century
Authors:   Belarusian State University, Zelezinskaya Natalia S.
Published: December 2022

The article considers archetype as a constant primary image that reflects the value system of humanity and, due to its universality, undergoes changes very reluctantly and very slowly, thus reflecting only the most significant tendencies taking place not only in literature but also in culture as a whole, and in the mentality. Such significant changes in the 20th and 21st centuries include the reassessment and redistribution of the parent-child roles when the child reaches adolescence, which is reflected in realistic young adult fiction. The article shows that the binary Mother / Stepmother archetype, built on the dichotomy of ‘loving – ‘unloving’, is losing relevance and gives way to the Parent archetype with ambivalent semantics, whose structure combines positive and negative traits, namely ‘loving, but irresponsible’. The archetype can be found in the characters of Fiona in N. Hornby’s About a Boy, Penny, Carry, and Bess in E. Lockhart’s We Were Liars, Lacy and Alex in J. Picoult’s Nineteen Minutes, etc. Their images of loving mums incapable of caring for their children, wandering from one young adult novel to another, are identical to the images of irresponsible fathers, which allows us to combine these two figures in the Parent archetype. The article reflects upon the reasons for the catastrophe in young adult novels showing how ‘normal’ parents demonstrate lack of attention to their children for reasons such as immaturity, selfishness, lack of mutual understanding, taking the role of a parent for the role of a friend, and a banal lack of time. The article points out the ambiguity inherent in the semantics of the motif of guilt and blame characteristic of contemporary literature in general. The Irresponsible Parent archetype becomes so familiar that in his Incredibly Close & Extremely Loud J. Foer breaks the readers’ expectations when Oscar’s mother turns from careless and inattentive into loving, responsible, and ready to rely on her motherly intuition in order to save Oscar’s physical and psychological health. The article raises the question of the semantics of the motifs of the parents’ love and responsibility to their child in contemporary literature, and outlines the axiological field of the problem young adult novels.
The influence of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and sodium chloride on the precipitation of calcium sulfate from its supersaturation solutions
Authors:   Perm State University, Shirinkin Vladislav A. , Kistanova Natalya S. ,   Perm State University, Kudryashova Olga S. ,   Perm State University,   Perm State Agro-Technological University
Published: December 2022

The crystallization of gypsum from supersaturated solutions in dependence on the molar [Ca2+] : [SO42−] ratio 0,26 : 0,15 and 0,35 : 0,15 in the presence of the sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC, with the degree of polym- erization of 1000 units) and NaCl was investigated at 25C. The efficiency of inhibition was estimated from measure- ments of change in Ca2+ concentration during the precipitation process. It was found that increasing the calcium ions content in solution compared to sulfate ions results in decrease in the induction period of crystallization. At a polymer concentration of 1,0 g/L and sodium chloride concentration of 0,7 mol/l the induction period of gypsum crystallisation in a supersaturation of the calcium sulfate solution with the molar rate of [Ca2+] : [SO42−] of 0,35 : 0,15 increases from several minutes to one hour. Further increasing the sodium chloride concentration up to 2,0mol/l did not result in change in the induction period of crystallization. This enables the preparation of supersaturated calcium chloride solu- tions using brines for the sealing of porous rocks, cracks, and joints of soil formations.The results of the phase analysis confirmed that salt precipitates in the form of gypsum.
Extraction of antimony (III) with 1,2,4-triazole derivatives from hydrochloric acid solutions and determination of conditions for the separation of Sb (III) from Bi (III)
Authors:   Ufa Federal Research Center RAS, Afzaletdinova Nasima G.
Published: December 2022

The extraction of antimony (III) from hydrochloric acid solutions with 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4- propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole was studied. Optimal extraction conditions are found. It is assumed that antimony (III) is extracted by the anion exchange mechanism at a phase contact time of 5 min. The extractable antimo- ny (III) chlorocomplex was isolated and characterized by electron, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The re- extraction and concentration of antimony (III) from hydrochloric acid solutions has been studied. The possibility of separating antimony (III) from bismuth (III) is shown.
The kinetics of the hydrogen evolution reaction on CeM2Ge2 (M = Fe, Co, Ni) electrodes in alkaline solutions
Authors:   Perm State University, Shein Anatoly B. , Kichigin Vladimir I. ,   Perm State University
Published: December 2022

The kinetics of hydrogen evolution reaction on the intermetallic compounds CeM2Ge2 (M = Fe, Co, Ni) in 0.5–2.0 M KOH solutions were studied using polarization measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. For 1 M KOH, the Tafel constants vary in the intervals: а = 0.46–0.57 V; b = 0.082–0.096 V. The catalytic activity in the hydrogen evolution reaction increases in the sequence CeFe2Ge2 – CeNi2Ge2 – CeCo2Ge2. The cathodic process was shown to be the combination of the hydrogen evolution reaction and hydrogen absorption reaction; the reaction of H2 evolution proceeds through the Volmer – Heyrovsky mechanism with the rate-determining Heyrovsky reaction; the Langmuir isotherm holds for the adsorption of atomic hydrogen.
Interaction of butadiene-nitrile rubber with phenol-formaldehyde resins of random-structure
Authors:   Perm State University, Bazhov Evgeny A. , Krasnovskikh Marina P. ,   Perm State University, Mokrushin Ivan G. ,   Perm State University, Yunusov Ruslan I. ,   LLC RESOL
Published: December 2022

A technique for vulcanization of nitrile butadiene rubber with low-molecular-weight phenol-formaldehyde resins of random structure has been developed. The correctness of the technique was confirmed by 13С NMR data, si- multaneous thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry and thermomechanical analysis of the obtained sam- ples and initial components. It is shown that the obtained samples have higher physical and mechanical characteristics in comparison with the original rubber.
Improvement of anticorrosion properties of some copper alloys as potential materials for electrical contact connections
Authors:   Institute of Oil and Gas, Udmurt State University, Borisova Elena M. , Reshetnikov Sergei M. ,   Institute of Oil and Gas, Udmurt State University, Fatkhutdinova Aliya M. ,   Institute of Oil and Gas, Udmurt State University
Published: December 2022

The paper presents a review of literature data on methods for researching and improving the technical and technological properties of copper and copper materials used for the manufacture of electrical products. A disadvantage associated with a decrease in resistance to atmospheric corrosion, especially in humid environments, has been identi- fied. A method of high-energy impact on the surface is proposed in order to form protective coatings. The results of corrosion-electrochemical tests of samples subjected to short-pulse laser action are presented. In the course of the re- search, the parameters of laser radiation were varied: power, surface scanning speed, frequency, protective atmosphere. Optimal values of the parameters are established, which provide an increase in the corrosion resistance of pure copper and copper alloys. The values of contact resistances of the processed samples are determined. Preliminary conclusions are made about the relationship between processing parameters and the improvement of anti-corrosion properties and a change in the value of contact resistance. It is necessary to study the composition and structure of the resulting surface layers.
The influence of catamine AB on complexation scandium with pyrocatechin violet
Authors:   Perm State University, Denisova Svetlana A. , Zabolotnykh Svetlana A. ,   Perm State University,   Institute of Technical Chemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Goldobina Tatiana I. ,   Perm State University
Published: December 2022

Regularities of the complex formation of scandium with catechol violet in the presence of the cationic surfactant catamine AB in aqueous solutions are considered. The optimum pH interval of scandium complexation with the reagent in systems with and without catamine AB has been determined. The absorption spectra of pyrocatechin vio- let and its complexes with scandium in the double system and in the catamin AB presence at different pH values and surfactant concentrations were taken. The ratio of metal ion and reagent in the forming complex in double and triple systems has been established by methods of saturation and isomolar series. Calibration graphs were constructed, molar light absorption coefficients were calculated, and conditional stability constants of scandium complexes with pyrocate- chin violet were determined by the Babko method.
Faire de l’identitaire pour ne pas parler d’identité(s)
Authors: DIOP El Hadji Ibrahima
Published: December 2022

Les tentatives de redéfinir l’identité à partir d’une perspective d’auto-enfermement sont au cœur du débat contemporain. Le contexte de la crise favorise ces tendances. En effet, les difficultés croissantes de la construction postnationale de l’Union Européenne et les problèmes du développement postindépendance en Afrique suscitent un regain d’intérêt qui se manifeste dans des oppositions et des crispations idéologiques sur les limites, la nature et la vocation de l’après nation.
Cependant, entre l’identité et l’identitarisme, il existe un grand fossé que je compte discuter dans cet article, en m’appuyant sur la nécessité de « deracialiser » la notion de l’identité.
Pour installer le développement au cœur des préoccupations des spécialistes des langues et cultures et les langues et cultures au cœur des préoccupations des spécialistes du développement
Authors: TOURNEUX Henry
Published: December 2022

Dans le domaine du développement, les organismes nationaux et internationaux procèdent par objectifs ou par projets, généralement conçus à l’extérieur de la communauté censée en bénéficier. Pourtant, rien n’empêche, en soi, qu’un projet émane de la communauté elle-même, même si elle devra chercher ailleurs un soutien financier et technique. Si une telle démarche existait, elle exigerait que l’on parte de l’expression linguistique et culturelle des personnes concernées. C’est à ce niveau que se situerait le rôle du spécialiste de la langue et de la culture, pour faire en sorte que les destinataires du projet ne soient pas marginalisés sur le terrain. Mais on constate souvent que les spécialistes de la langue et de la culture ne se sentent pas concernés par ces projets, qui les éloignent, pensent-ils, de leurs préoccupations scientifiques et professionnelles. Parallèlement, les organismes nationaux et internationaux ont l’impression de perdre du temps en l’investissant dans la langue (ou les langues) et dans les aspects culturels. Notre idée est donc de faire collaborer systématiquement « développeurs » et « linguistes », en tenant compte du fait que chacun travaille selon une temporalité différente.
Analysing user resistance to distance learning systems by academics within the Covid-19 pandemic using the technology acceptance model
Authors: BEKAR Fevziye , ÇAM Handan
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study is to determine academics’ user resistance to distance learning, their perceptions of the distance learning systems and factors affecting their perceptions of the changes in the education system during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study’s population consists of 440 academics working in 43 different universities in Turkey. The research sample were determined through convenience and snowball sampling methods. The data were collected using an online questionnaire form created within Google Forms. After validity and reliability analyses on the data, eight different hypotheses were tested using structural equation analysis. All eight hypotheses proposed within the study were accepted after receiving the results of this analysis. The results of the study show that user resistance has a significantly negative effect on the users that utilise distance learning. However, the perceived ease of use and usefulness have a significantly positive effect on attitude and behavior.
Characterization of the leadership styles of secondary school students in a public educational institution
Authors: Caffo Villalobos Manuel Alejandro , Orbegoso Ayala Vicente Heriberto
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study was to identify the predominant leadership style of fourth year high school students in a public educational institution in Trujillo. The research is of simple descriptive scope with a non-experimental design, the Leadership Styles Test of Robert R. Blake and Jane S. Mouton (1980) was used as a data collection instrument. Mouton was used as a data collection instrument, being administered in a single moment to 100 fourth grade students of sections "A", "B", "C" and "D" of the Educational Institution Nº81002 "Javier Heraud". Once the data obtained from the test were analyzed, the following results were reported: no student showed a tendency towards the "team leader" style, only one student showed a tendency towards the "authoritarian leader" style, 3 students showed a tendency towards the "social leader" style, 36 students showed a tendency towards the "outside leader" style, and 60 students showed a tendency towards the "balanced leader" style. Concluding that the predominant style among students would be the "balanced leader", however, it is clarified that these styles are not static and the leader can change or combine different styles to achieve the objectives of the team and also maintain good interpersonal relationships in his team.
Psychometric properties and percentile norms of the Organizational Justice Scale [EJOC] in workers of the city of Piura
Authors: Abanto Walter , Moscol Jimena , Gastañaga Vanessa , Castro Isella
Published: December 2022

The present investigation was carried out with the multiple objective of analyzing the psychometric properties of the Organizational Justice Scale (EJOC) and establishing its percentile norms for workers in the city of Piura. 268 workers from different companies in the city of Piura participated through a non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Among the results, it was reported that the 20 items that make up the scale have an adequate relationship with the main variable obtained by the descriptive statistical analysis. In addition, the internal structure of the instrument was analyzed through the four dimensions initially proposed, obtaining adequate fit and error indices: Chi= 217.571, df= 164, Chi/df= 0.03, CFI= .979, TLI= ,975, RMSEA= .035 and SRMR= .046. Likewise, a high reliability index through the Alpha Coefficient of Cronbach and McDonald whose values ranged between .776 and .959. Finally, the percentile norms were determined through three levels (low, medium and high) by dimensions and for the total scale. In this sense, it is concluded that the Colquitt EJOC is valid and reliable for workers from Piura.
Measurement of dissolved carbohydrate v1
Authors: Hu Ying-Yu
Published: December 2022

Here we describe a protocol to measure the dissolved carbohydrate, including total dissolved monosaccharides and total dissolved polysaccharides. For total dissolved carbohydrate measurement, freeze-dried dissolved carbohydrate samples are initially vortexed in 9 M H2SO4 for 15 s. The solution is diluted for a final H2SO4 molarity of 1.6 M and hydrolyzed for 3 hours at 90 °C. The hydrolysate is alkalinized by adding 12 M NaOH to the hydrolysate, the ratio of [H+] from hydrolysate to [OH-] from NaOH is 0.82. The alkalinized hydrolysate is oxidized by ferricyanide solution. The absorbance of TPTZ-Fe2+ complex is measured in microtiter plate at 595 nm. For total dissolved monosaccharide measurement, freeze-dried dissolved carbohydrate samples are alkalinized by 12 M NaOH and then oxidized by ferricyanide solution. The absorbance of TPTZ-Fe2+ complex is measured in microtiter plate at 595 nm. Our method has shown high reproducibility in aldohexoses, ketohexoses, deoxysugars, aldopentoses, uronic acid and amino sugars. The low limit of detection is 0.024 µg C/mL.