bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the susceptibility of biomass to attempts at improving the durability of pellets
Authors:   Oil and Gas Institute – National Research Institute, Markowski Jarosław
Published: December 2020

W ramach przeprowadzonych badań stałego paliwa biomasowego dokonano oceny jednego z najważniejszych parametrów tego typu paliw – wytrzymałości mechanicznej, będącej miarą odporności na warunki panujące w trakcie transportu i przechowywania paliwa. W celu dokonania oceny podatności wybranych typów biomasy na próbę poprawy wytrzymałości mechanicznej uzyskanych z tej biomasy pelletów wykorzystano 5 rodzajów biomasy: trociny sosnowe, makuchy rzepakowe, makuchy lniane, śrutę rzepakową i otręby pszenne. Jako dodatki poprawiające wytrzymałość mechaniczną pelletów zastosowano substancje organiczne i nieorganiczne: szkło wodne, cukier, skrobię ziemniaczaną, tlenek wapnia i lignosulfonian wapnia. Badania wytrzymałości przeprowadzono według metody PN-EN ISO 17831. Wyniki tych badań wykazały, że biomasa, która najlepiej poddaje się uszlachetnieniu, to trociny – tylko one wykazują wyższą wytrzymałość mechaniczną po zastosowaniu wybranych dodatków uszlachetniających. W przypadku pozostałych rodzajów biomasy nie ma sensu stosowania w procesie pelletyzacji żadnego z wyżej wymienionych dodatków. Natomiast najskuteczniejszymi dodatkami poprawiającymi wytrzymałość mechaniczną, spośród badanych w tym projekcie, były cukier i lignosulfonian wapnia. Substancje organiczne okazały się skuteczniejszymi dodatkami niż substancje nieorganiczne. Najlepszą kombinacją biomasy i dodatków w badaniu były trociny z dodatkiem cukru lub lignosulfonianu wapnia – pomijając wynik otrzymany dla nieuszlachetnionych makuchów rzepakowych, takie kombinacje uzyskały dwa najlepsze wyniki pomiarów wytrzymałości. Przeprowadzono również pomiar gęstości nasypowej badanych surowców i otrzymanych pelletów w celu określenia celowości produkcji pelletów. W przypadku makuchów lnianych i śruty rzepakowej przyrost gęstości nasypowej był tak niski, że nie uzasadniało to poniesienia niezbędnych w tym procesie nakładów finansowych. Również wyniki pomiaru wytrzymałości mechanicznej otrzymanych z tych rodzajów biomasy pelletów były najgorsze spośród wszystkich badanych biomas, co dodatkowo podważa sens produkcji pelletów z takich surowców.
YARGISAL FAALİYETLERİN YÖNETİM OLGUSU BAĞLAMINDA DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: AKYEL Recai
Published: December 2020

Yargısal faaliyetler, iç içe geçmiş çok sayıda parçaları içeren uzun bir
süreçten oluşmaktadır. Bu süreç içerisinde bireyler, kurallar, işlemler,
eylemler ve kurumlar bulunmaktadır. Böylesine çok aktörlü ve çok
yapılı bir süreci içeren yargısal faaliyetlerin belirlenen ve arzulanan
nitelikte gerçekleşebilmesi için bu faaliyetlerin planlanması, yürütülmesi,
koordine edilmesi, kontrol edilmesi; tıkanmaların açılması, eksikliklerin
ve sorunların doğru tespit edilmesi, tespit edilen eksikliklerin ve
sorunların giderilmesi gerekmektedir. Tüm bu sayılanlar ise, yönetim
olgusunun içeriğini oluşturan aktivitelerdir. Yargısal faaliyetlerin etkin
ve sağlıklı sürdürülmesi için, yönetim olgusunun gereklerinin dikkate
alınmasının faydalı olacağı bilinmektedir. Bu ihtiyaçları karşılamanın en
iyi yolu ise yargısal faaliyetlere özgülenmiş bir yönetim anlayışına sahip
olmaktır. Bu yönetim anlayışı, yargısal faaliyetlerin doğasına ve ruhuna
uygun olmalı; yargısal faaliyetlerin bağımsızlığını ve tarafsızlığını
zedelememeli, yargısal faaliyetlerin adil gerçekleşmesini; yargıya güvenin
sağlanmasını ve yargıdan memnuniyetin artırılmasını gerçekleştirmeye
matuf olmalıdır.
VERGİ HUKUKUNDA TEBLİGAT USULLERİ; MUHATABIN ÖNEMİ
Authors: ÇELİK Muhammed , YÜCE Mehmet
Published: December 2020

Bilgilendirme ve belgelendirme işlevi gören tebligat, vergilendirme

sürecinde hakların kazanılması ve kaybedilmesi ile hukuki

yükümlülüklerin yerine getirilmesi açısından oldukça önemli bir role

sahiptir. Geçerli bir tebligat işlemi yapılabilmesi için tebliğin usulüne

uygun olarak yapılması esastır. Usulüne uygun tebliğin yapılmasında

öncelikle tebliğ yapılacak kişi ve kişilerin tespitinin doğru yapılması

önem arz eder. Zira tebliğe ilişkin usul, tebligat yapılacak kişi yani

muhatap üzerinden şekillenmektedir. Muhatabın tebligat usulündeki

bu öneminden kaynaklı olarak Vergi Usul Kanununda tebliğe ilişkin

hükümler esas alınarak muhatap kavramı açıklanmıştır. Muhatap

kavramının açıklanması ile birlikte ikincil muhatap kavramı ortaya

atılmış olup, tebligat sürecinde ikincil muhatapların önemi vurgulanarak

yeri geldiğinde tebliğin esas muhatapları gibi değerlendirilmesi

gerekliliği üzerinde durulmuştur. Tüm bu açıklamalar doğrultusunda

uygulamada çokça ihtilafl ar yaşanan iş yerine tebligat yapılamadığı

durumlarda VUK 101/2.fıkrası gereğince adres kayıt sistemine yapılacak

tebligatlarda karşılaşılan sorunlar etrafl ıca ele alınarak tartışılmış ve

çeşitli öneriler ortaya konulmuştur.
Ekologiczne zachowania konsumpcyjne i stosunek do proekologicznych działań w obiektach noclegowych przedstawicieli pokolenia Z
Authors: Dębski Maciej , Borkowska-Niszczota Małgorzata
Published: December 2020

Artykuł ma charakter empiryczny. Jest oparty na wynikach badań ankietowych. Głównym celem opracowania było ukazanie ekologicznych zachowań i wyborów konsumpcyjnych osób należących do pokolenia Z oraz ich stosunku do rozwiązań proekologicznych wdrażanych w ramach polityki ekologicznej przedsiębiorstw turystycznych świadczących usługi noclegowe. Autorzy artykułu próbowali również określić, czy wdrażane rozwiązania mogą zachęcić młodych ludzi do wyboru przyjaznych dla środowiska obiektów świadczących usługi noclegowe i tym samym być źródłem przewagi konkurencyjnej. Opis wyników badań własnych został poprzedzony przeglądem dotychczasowych studiów poświęconych analizowanym zagadnieniom oraz podstaw teoretycznych zrównoważonej konsumpcji. W tym celu wykorzystano metodę badań literaturowych. Analiza wyników pokazuje, że osoby zaliczane do pokolenie Z w większości starają się ograniczać swój negatywny wpływ na środowisko i stosować zasady ekologii w praktyce. Popierają zachowania proekologiczne, stąd na co dzień podejmują działania na rzecz ochrony środowiska, ale przeważnie takie, które dostarczają im korzyści finansowych oraz zdrowotnych. Młodzi deklarują – choć w różnym stopniu – akceptację większości rozwiązań proekologicznych wprowadzanych w bazie noclegowej. Za swoje zaangażowanie w praktykę proekologiczną w obiektach turystycznych oczekują jednak profitów finansowych. Mimo to lepiej oceniają obiekty wdrażające proekologiczne rozwiązania i chętniej by się w nich zatrzymali.
Customer satisfaction in Slovak spas: Case studies of Rajecké Teplice, Piešťany and Brusno
Authors: Čuka Peter , Gregorová Bohuslava
Published: December 2020

This work aims to present a customer satisfaction model using selected examples from the spa industry. Specifically, it is a presentation of the satisfaction of spa customers and visitors to the Slovak spa of Rajecké Teplice, in comparison with Piešťany and Brusno. Customer satisfaction is a multiple phenomenon which is evaluated mainly by qualitative methods. Our motivation is to draw attention to the difficulty and subjectivity of qualitative research concerning such satisfaction, especially at in-service facilities in selected Slovak spas. Customers ranked them and created a ‘top 12’, according to their importance in the subjective perception of spa environments, services, health services and attractions in terms of satisfaction. In addition, the result is a comparison of the individual satisfaction of spa customers in heterogeneous spa towns. Piešťany is the most important Slovak spa center, Trenčianske Teplice is a medium-sized spa town, and Brusno a small stagnant spa.
ФОРМЫ МИГРАЦИИ РАДИОНУКЛИДОВ (U и Th) В ПРИРОДНЫХ ВОДАХ В РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ГЕОХИМИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЯХ НА ОСНОВЕ РАСЧЕТНЫХ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫХ ДАННЫХ
Authors: Торопов Андрей Сергеевич , Солдатова Евгения Александровна , Рихванов Леонид Петрович
Published: December 2020

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью учета разнообразия форм миграцииприродных радионуклидов при смене геохимических условий, а также при прогнозированиирадиоэкологического статуса гидроэкосистем. На территории Семипалатинского испытательного полигона миграция естественных радионуклидов в водных системах слабо изучена, расчет форм миграции урана и тория при смене геохимических обстановок будет информативен для понимания миграции широкого спектра трансурановых радионуклидов. Цель: определить формы миграции урана и тория в природных водах в зависимости от размеров частиц и с учетом широкого спектра компонентов, рассчитать формы их миграции в ручьях и озерах. Объекты: воды ручьев горного массива Дегелен, воды озер экспериментальных площадок Семипалатинского испытательного полигона, модельные гидрогеохимические системы. Методы. Формы нахождения природных радионуклидов исследовали insitu методомкаскадного фракционирования природных вод. рН, Eh вод определяли методом потенциометрии, общую минерализацию – кондуктометрией. Определение основных ионов воды и отдельных элементов произведено методами титриметрии (HCO3–, CO32–, Cl–, Ca2+, Mg2+), оптико-эмиссионной спектрометрии (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Si), а также ионной хроматографии (Cl–, SO42–). Содержание растворенных органических веществ определяли по перманганатной и бихроматной окисляемости, методом каталитического сжигания, а также по интенсивности UV сигнала. Содержание U и Th определяли методом масс-спектрометрии. Результаты. Определены особенности переноса урана и тория в природных водах различных водных объектов Семипалатинского испытательного полигона,и обозначены определяющие их процессы. Установлено, что сульфат-ион в водах ручьев является индикатором интенсивности водообмена и скорости окисления сульфидных минералов, определяющих выход в раствор значительных концентраций урана. Уран связан с органическими и органоминеральными комплексами и подвержен трансформации форм нахождения в случае изменения геохимических условий среды. Для тория в большей степени, чем для урана, характерен коллоидный транспорт. Доминирующей миграционной формой этих элементов являются взвешенные компоненты природных вод. Отношение Th/U в растворенной форме достаточно стабильно по сравнению с коллоидными и взвешенными формами. Для вод с разным гидродинамическим режимом прослеживается отличие в степени выраженности влияния терригенной составляющей.
МАГНИТНЫЕ АНОМАЛИИ НА ПЛОЩАДКЕ ОБЪЕКТА МИРНОГО ПОДЗЕМНОГО ЯДЕРНОГО ВЗРЫВА «КРИСТАЛЛ» (ЗАПАДНАЯ ЯКУТИЯ)
Authors: Артамонова Светлана Юрьевна , Шеин Александр Николаевич , Потапов Владимир Владимирович , Кожевников Николай Олегович , Новикова Полина Николаевна , Ушницкий Владислав Егорович
Published: December 2020

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью оценки текущей радиационной и геоэкологической обстановки и прогнозирования возможных сценариев развития на объектах мирных подземных ядерных взрывов, в первую очередь, расположенных вблизи населенных пунктов. Детализация строения геотехногенной системы «центр подземного ядерного взрыва – вмещающая геологическая среда – поверхность Земли» предусматривает проведение магнитных исследований, которые позволяют отделить геоэлектрические аномалии, вызванные погребенными железными объектами, от остальных, имеющих другую природу. Цель: обнаружение и локализация погребенных железных объектов на объекте подземных ядерных взрывов «Кристалл» по результатам наземной магнитной съемки. Объектом исследования выбрана площадка боевой скважины мирного подземного ядерного взрыва «Кристалл», произведенного 2 октября 1974 г. на глубине 98 м в мерзлых породах в 6,7 км от г. Удачный (Западная Якутия). Мощность взрыва составила 1,7 кт в тротиловом эквиваленте. В 1992 г. устье боевой скважины было засыпано обломочным материалом, в 2007 г. проведена дополнительная досыпка. Диаметр насыпи (или саркофага) – около 260 м, высота – до 20 м. Методы: наземная магнитная съемка протонным магнитометром MMPOS-1 с частотой отсчета 3 с, с геопривязкой точек с помощью GPS приёмника. Вариации магнитного поля регистрировались квантовым магнитометром GSM-19 с частотой 10 с в лесном участке около площадки объекта ПЯВ «Кристалл». При анализе данных использованы программные комплексы статистического и спектрально-корреляционного анализа геоданных «КОСКАД 3D» (авторы А.А. Никитин, А.В. Петров, А.С. Алексашин) и численного моделирования PRIZMA (автор А.С. Долгаль). Результаты. На основе базы данных из 5323-х точек измерения магнитного поля на площадке боевой скважины подземных ядерных взрывов «Кристалл» размером 430×330 м построена карта аномального магнитного поля ΔТа. Выявлены магнитные аномалии разной интенсивности и размеров, источником которых являются погребенные железные объекты. Наиболее широкую и интенсивную аномалию диаметром в 46 м и амплитудой до 8000 нТл, расположенную над устьем боевой скважины, путем последовательной энергетической фильтрации удалось разложить на составляющие и соотнести их с фрагментами конструкции боевой скважины. Расчетные модели магнитных аномалий, формируемых вертикальным и субгоризонтальным фрагментами обсадной колонны боевой скважины, оказались близки к измеренным данным, тем самым подтвержден аддитивный характер магнитной аномалии над устьем боевой скважины. Остальные магнитные аномалии предположительно обусловлены фрагментами обсадных труб исследовательских буровых скважин, существовавших до взрыва на площадке, и технических труб, использованных при строительстве боевой скважины, хаотично перемещенных при взрыве.
Lactation Support During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Keeping Our Distance but Remaining Connected
Authors: Pasadino Francine , Ellett Gladys Vallespir , DeMarco Kathleen
Published: December 2020

Objective

The Center for Perinatal Education and Lactation at NYU Langone Hospitals, in one of the initial epicenters of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City, due to state and local mandates, had to abruptly cancel all in-person educational sessions and support groups. Determining how to best provide prenatal and postnatal breastfeeding support became a major challenge and we had to expediently identify innovative avenues to continue to provide guidance and support for our expectant and new families.

Discussion

This article discusses how the NYU Langone Hospitals Lactation Department creatively revised the approach to prenatal and post discharge breastfeeding support by implementing a telehealth format which commenced in March of 2020 and by expanding post discharge telephone support. We were able to successfully transition rapidly into providing lactation education and post discharge via a virtual framework during this time of the COVID-19 pandemic and we increased our telephone support for vulnerable dyads.

Conclusion

A virtual technology format is a viable alternative means of providing lactation education and supporting optimal infant feeding within the context of the COVOD-19 pandemic. Virtual platforms could reasonably become the permanent way of delivering lactation guidance and support for the foreseeable future.
Geochemical features of Malyutka ore-bearing massif rocks, Khudolaz complex, South Urals: evidence of hydrothermal reprecipitation of siderophile and chalcophile elements
Authors:   Institute of geology UFRC RAS, Rakhimov I. R.
Published: December 2020

Hydrothermal processes play an important role in the reprecipitation of ore elements, but it is difficult to characterize their qualitative and quantitative parameters for large objects. The compact homogeneous internal structure of the ultramafic massif Malyutka of the Khudolaz differentiated complex provides a good opportunity to characterize the features of the hydrothermal reprecipitation of mobile elements in it. The geochemical features of barren and ore-bearing variously altered rocks of the Malyutka massif have been studied using the methods of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP MS) analyzes. The results show a strong depletion of ores by siderophile (Ni, Co) and chalcophile (S, Cu, As, Se, Cd, Bi, Pb and many others) elements under hydrothermal influence, which is consistent with the postmagmatic dissolution and replacement of sulfide minerals not only by secondary sulfides, but also silicates. Leaching led to a reprecipitation of these elements, mainly to dispersion, both inside the intrusion and outside it. Most lithophile macro- and microelements have not reprecipitated significantly in hydrothermal conditions.
O cuidado à pessoa mentalmente adoecida e internada: vivências e percepções da equipe multiprofissional
Authors: Rocha Bárbara Pereira da , Sales Camila Cristiane Formaggi , Benedetti Gabriella Michel dos Santos , Vieira Tereza Maria Mageroska , Oliveira Magda Lucia Félix de
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Compreender as vivências e percepções da equipe multidisciplinar de um hospital psiquiátrico, ao cuidar de pessoas

mentalmente adoecidas. Método: Estudo descritivo-exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, com a participação de 12 profissionais

da equipe multiprofissional de um hospital psiquiátrico. O roteiro de coleta de dados, semiestruturado, foi respondido em dois meses.

Os relatos foram analisados, por meio da análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Dos relatos emergiram três categorias: Enfrentando

desafios ao atuar em um hospital psiquiátrico; Consolidando sentimentos e habilidades a partir do cuidado; Ressignificando o cuidado

em um hospital psiquiátrico, por meio das quais se evidenciou que, apesar de inúmeras dificuldades vivenciadas, esse cuidado tem

produzido nos profissionais sentimentos de gratidão e satisfação, sobrepondo-se, por vezes, aos desafios experienciados. Novos

significados que os fazem dispor de suas habilidades profissionais e pessoais, para qualificar e otimizar a assistência, contribuem para

a humanização da assistência. Conclusão: Ressaltam-se dificuldades estruturais, como fontes adicionais de financiamento, para o

suprimento de recursos humanos e materiais, com vistas a minimizar o excesso de carga de atividades, valorização do trabalho

realizado e reconhecimento dos profissionais.
Telessaúde durante a pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil e a enfermagem
Authors: Pessalacia Juliana Dias Reis
Published: December 2020

A pandemia da COVID-19 tem evidenciado as contribuições do Telessaúde para a assistência de Enfermagem. Contudo, deve-se avaliar constantemente os impactos da incorporação de novas tecnologias no cuidado de Enfermagem(13) e considerar uma preparação educacional ampliada e consciente das melhores práticas em Telessaúde, com base em evidências científicas(10), para a garantia de uma assistência de qualidade.
A Realistic Perspective to Transitional Justice
Authors: Buana Mirza Satria
Published: December 2020

Indonesia is one of the most democratized countries in Asia. There have been some improvements both in political and legal aspects; the most powerful legal reform was the amendments of the 1945 Constitution. In the context of civil and political rights, Indonesian people have exercised their constitutional rights to select political leaders, rotate elites and to enjoy greater civil liberty, even though there are still many rooms for improvements. One of the most vital hurdles is the failure of the reformed governments to settle gross-violation of human rights cases happened in the past. Suharto’s authoritarian regime had exercised repressive actions toward oppositions and civil society movements, including universities’ students, activists and minorities. The ad hoc Court of Human Rights had failed to reveal the truth for some prominent cases, let alone providing remedy and reconciliation. It was highly believed that the trials were conducted only as safeguards to prevent international intervention on Indonesia’s past unlawful violations.
INCLUSÃO SOCIAL NA/PELA MÍDIA: MODOS DE INSTALAÇÃO DO SUJEITO DEFICIENTE
Authors: Silva Patrícia Aparecida , Maluf-Souza Olimpia
Published: December 2020

The effervescence of these topics is done by reason of the adoption, in recent times, public policies of human dignity and social inclusion for people with disabilities or reduced mobility. That way, the present work has as its proposal to analyze, through images that circulated circulating in the media, the subject institution modes disabled, specifically the wheelchair and the deaf, through policies that are conspicuous by their dignity and inclusion of disabled person, proposed by the State. The theoretical analysis of the Discourse of materialistic line, initiated by Michel Pêcheux, in France, and expanded by Eni Orlandi, in Brazil. For analysis, we intend to show that the situation of dignity and inclusion of the handicapped guy going on before by a general education of society – the family, school and social media – it's task and responsibility of the State, since the operation of discourses and social practices determines, in the materials analyzed, the processes of inclusion and exclusion of disabled people, which, in their different ways to relate with the space and society, require not only of laws, but of social education for the full exercise of their dignity and their inclusion.
OS SIGNOS NÃO VERBAIS ENQUANTO PALAVRAS NA CONSTITUIÇÃO ENUNCIATIVA DO GÊNERO FÍLMICO
Authors: Oliveira Leonardo , Mesquita Lucimara
Published: December 2020

Bakhtin's circle conceptualizes enunciation as a process in which something is answered earlier and something later is raised. In this way, every enunciation only acquires meanings from the interaction, as it requires the existence of at least two subjects participating in this enunciative current. This concept also applies to non-verbal languages, which is why the present work proposes the study of these signs in the enunciative constitution of the film, taking them as words in a broad sense. In this perspective, we will observe how non-verbal aspects present in the initial scenes of the film Kiriku e a feiticeira contribute to the constitution of an enunciative unit from an approach based on the theoretical assumptions of the Bakhtin Circle.
MEMÓRIA DISCURSIVA: A RESSIGNIFICAÇÃO DOS DITADOS POPULARES EM LETRAS DE MÚSICA BRASILEIRAS COMO FORMA DE CRITICAR OS SUJEITOS EM SEUS DIFERENTES PAPÉIS SOCIAIS
Authors: Alves Filho Francisco , Alves Lafity
Published: December 2020

The discourse is the result of a game of effects of meaning in which different positions of subject dialogue, weaving a new discourse inscribed historically, socially and ideologically. When we are facing a new event, we make use of something that has already been said at a given time and place. However, the subject-enunciator resignifies this way of saying to take that discourse, which is collective, as something of an individual character. And its purpose is to criticize the behavior of the subjects in their different social roles. Therefore, the subject feels the source of a saying that is social and historical. Therefore, this work aims to analyze the functioning of discursive memory in Brazilian lyrics that use proverbs. For this, we used mainly the discursive theories on discourse and discursive memory by Pêcheux (1988; 2010) and Orlandi (2007).
Taxpayer’s Behavior in the Changing Tax Policy
Authors: Bikas Egidijus , Sakalauskas Rolandas
Published: December 2020

The aim of the article is to identify the factors determining the taxpayer’s behavior, to evaluate Lithuanian taxpayer’s behavior by changing tax policy of VAT. The article investigates whether the increase of VAT burden in Lithuania has a significant impact on taxpayer’s behavior, encouraging them to voluntarily pay taxes or avoid tax liabilities. The research period is from Q1 2000 - Q4 2016. The study uses VAT gap data. Research methods: correlation analysis, vector auto regression (VAR) model. The use of correlation analysis allows to establish the relationship between tax rates and changes in taxpayer’s behavior, while the vector auto regressive method allows to investigate taxpayer’s behavioral responses to the changes of tax rate. According to the responses of the impulse functions, the response of taxpayer’s behavior (tax avoidance) to the changes in tax policy is determined. The investigation showed, that in the short term, the increased tax burden may lead to decrease of VAT gap, in the medium term an increase in tax burden on VAT may increase the level of tax avoidance in the country.
Analysis of substitution changes in the Phillips curve in V4 countries over the course of economic cycles
Authors: Kaderabkova Bozena , Jasova Emilie , Holman Robert
Published: December 2020

The aim of the article is to determine the nature and intensity of the slope of the Phillips curves (PCs) for the workers vulnerable to unemployment in the individual phases of the economic cycle between 2000 and 2016 in the Visegrad Group (V4). We use linear regressions to substitute the household deflator of unemployment. In order to avoid a reduction in the number of observations and to reduce the validity of the estimates, which is characteristic of the Break model, we modify the one-year model of the categorical variable phase of the cycle. The results obtained are compared with the findings of international authors. Throughout the monitored period, a statistically significant negative slope of the PC was found in all V4 countries, with the highest intensity in the Czech Republic and the lowest in Hungary. The extrapolation of the trend of the current development of the phases of the economic cycle indicates the growth of the statistically confirmed negative slope of the PC in the Czech Republic, its return to Slovakia, its origin in Hungary and the return of positive inclination in Poland.
FACTORS PROPORTION IN TRADE PATTERN AND INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL FLOWS INTERACTION IN ASEAN+4 COUNTRIES
Authors: Setyari Ni Putu Wiwin
Published: December 2020

The classic thesis by Mundell, with the modification of Heckscher-Ohlin model, stated that a substitution relation flows between trade and international capital. Mundell showed that the equilibrium price of a commodity can be obtained through international factor mobility in the absence of trade in goods or vice versa, if the trade barriers of the factor price equilibrium are eliminated. Therefore, the factor price equalization will be achieved without requiring the exchange of goods between countries. Consequently, the study of international trading and capital flows is more frequently studied separately. However, empirical data have shown the contradictory phenomena in which both of them are interrelated and complementary, but how the two interact is still relatively rarely observed.
Some constructions of new theories indicate that interactions between them can be studied through several channels; one of them is through the change in comparative advantage. This paper tries to analyze the interaction between trade and international capital flows in ASEAN countries + 4 (ASEAN plus India, China, Japan, and Korea). The countries included in this group are important players in international trading and represent the world's largest trading integration. The interaction between trade and international capital flows is linked via change of trading structure, as seen from the intensity of the use of production factors in the industry in each country. The results of the study are consistent with the theory that capital will flow to countries that have a capital-intensive industrial structure. This then leads to an increase in the deficit in the country’s current account balance.
Are accounting services threatened by moving to shared service centers? - An empirical evidence of czech companies
Authors: Šindelář Michal , Janasová Barbora
Published: December 2020

The article assesses key aspects of shared service center concept within the accounting area from perspective of user unit. Based on the analysis of theoretical concepts related to types of financial services suitable for moving to shared service centers, the hypotheses are formulated. Hypotheses are verified by empirical research and tested by appropriate statistical methods as odds ratio (OR) and Fisher's exact test. The results show that companies prefer to move codify-able and routine activities to shared service centers. The most common activity transferred to shared service centers is receivables management. The results of analysis enable to get an opinion on the usefulness of shared service centers used by Czech companies.
Challenges of the introduction of circular business models within rural SMEs of EU
Authors: Uvarova Inga , Atstaja Dzintra , Korpa Viola
Published: December 2020

Recently the circular economy has got a lot of attention within discussions of policy makers, academics and practitioners. The circular economy proposes the treatment of environmental and climate change problems, simultaneously promising benefits for the business. The circular economy promotes the reduction of the consumption and reuse or recycling of the resources that in various aspects contradicts traditional business models that stream to linear growth of sales of their products. Yet the circular economy concept has been more discussed regarding its global scale, but there is a lack of scientific discussions about the approaches of the adoption of circular economy principles on the business level. This paper conceptualises multi-level dimensions of the circular economy and highlights challenges related to the perception of the circular economy principles in the micro business level. The conducted research shows that rural SMEs of six EU countries have rarely heard about the circular economy and even less about circular business models. While rural SMEs are more familiar with the bio and green economies forming good base for developing circular business models, they are reluctant towards introducing new business models. This paper aims to assess the level of the advancement in introduction of the circular business models among rural SMEs of EU countries. This article emphasizes the circular economy as an inseparable part of the business models of rural SMEs and rural economies of EU countries. This study has a policy implication as we suggest that the government should play an important role in promotion of circular business models in rural SMEs. The existing public support system is fragmented, and in most cases just incidentally encourage rural SMEs to adopt new circular business models. Also, the circular economy on a local level, especially in rural areas, has an important role in ensuring social wellbeing of local inhabitants. The methodological approach and research results presented in the paper can be used further developing EU support system and priorities beyond 2020.
PENGARUH RETURN ON ASSETS, DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO, CURRENT RATIO TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM PERUSAHAAN DALAM INDEKS SAHAM SYARIAH INDONESIA
Authors: Martak Abdul Hafid , Prasetyo Ari
Published: December 2020

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Return on Assets (ROA), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Current Ratio (CR), dan total asset turnover secara parsial terhadap return saham industri barang dan konsumsi perusahaan yang tergabung dalam Saham Syariah Indonesia. Periode indeks 2014-2018. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi data panel karena data yang digunakan memiliki karakteristik gabungan antara time series dan cross section. Analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah software Econometric Views (EViews) 6.0. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Indeks Saham Syariah Indonesia. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 41 perusahaan barang dan konsumsi yang memenuhi kriteria sampel. Periode observasi penelitian dari tahun 2014 hingga 2018.Keywords: Return On Assets, Debt to Equity Ratio, Current Ratio, Return. ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the effect of Return on Assets (ROA), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Current Ratio (CR), and total assets turnover partially on the stock returns of industrial goods and consumption companies incorporated in the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index period 2014-2018. The method used in this study is panel data regression analysis because the data used has the characteristics of a combination of time series and cross section. The statistical analysis used was Econometric Views (EViews) 6.0 software. The population used in this study is the Indonesian Syariah Stock Index. The sample used in this study were 41 goods and consumption companies that met the sample criteria. The research observation period is from 2014 to 2018.Keywords: Return On Assets, Debt to Equity Ratio, Current Ratio, Return.
AVALIAÇÃO DO RISCO À EROSÃO COSTEIRA EM PRAIAS URBANIZADAS DO PARANÁ
Authors: Novak Lígia Padilha , Lamour Marcelo Renato
Published: December 2020

No litoral do Paraná os municípios de Matinhos e Pontal do Paraná representam mais de 50% da costa e são áreas potenciais para atividades turísticas e industriais. A região vem enfrentando diversos problemas relacionados à intensificação dos problemas erosivos em suas praias, principalmente desde a década de 1980, o que provoca danos e prejuízos em termos ambientais e socioeconômicos. Nesse cenário, a pesquisa teve como objetivo determinar o risco gerado pela erosão costeira no litoral do Paraná, a partir da análise de indicadores espaço-temporais (variação temporal da linha de costa, largura da pós-praia, densidade de sangradouros naturais, galerias pluviais e tendências de transporte sedimentar). Os dados foram integrados pela técnica de álgebra de mapas, atribuindo pesos a cada um dos indicadores analisados, de acordo com a sua relação negativa ou positiva com o risco gerado pela erosão costeira. Os resultados mostram que aproximadamente 70% do município de Matinhos está sob alto risco à erosão, enquanto que Pontal do Paraná apresentou apenas uma área com alto risco. As áreas críticas identificadas em Matinhos referem-se aos locais em que foram realizadas obras rígidas costeiras e onde a largura da pós-praia é menos extensa ou inexistente (Balneários de Riviera, Flamingo e Praia Brava). Quanto à escolha dos indicadores, a largura da pós-praia, a variação temporal da linha de costa e a densidade de sangradouros naturais e antrópicos (galerias pluviais) mostraram-se os mais eficientes na avaliação do risco. Há limitações quanto ao uso do indicador de tendência de transporte sedimentar, pois o monitoramento não incluiu diferentes condições sazonais, portanto, não se pôde estabelecer um padrão de transporte sedimentar das praias em questão. A metodologia apresentada contribui para orientar as pesquisas relativas a esta temática e os resultados obtidos poderão ser utilizados em projetos de planejamento da zona costeira do Paraná. Cabe ressaltar que a metodologia deve ser aprimorada por meio da inclusão de dados de monitoramento de campo, que compreendam uma escala temporal maior, colaborando para o avanço da pesquisa na região costeira.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DOS AJUSTES E MUDANÇAS NA MORFOLOGIA DO RIO SÃO JOÃO, REGIÃO DAS BAIXADAS LITORÂNEAS DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Correia dos Santos Rodrigo , Dos Santos Marçal Mônica
Published: December 2020

O trabalho foi desenvolvido na bacia do rio São João, localizada na região das baixadas litorâneas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e teve como objetivo caracterizar os tipos de ajustes e mudanças ocorridas na morfologia do rio São João entre 1964 e 2018, tendo como base a classificação de rios. O sistema fluvial apresenta histórico de intervenção que modificaram em vários trechos as configurações originais dos canais, através do processo de retificação de canais e a construção do reservatório de Juturnaíba. Somado a isso, tem a substituição gradativa e secular da vegetação natural de Mata Atlântica por grandes áreas de cultivos e pastagens. A identificação das tipologias dos rios foi com base na metodologia dos estilos fluviais que serviram de base de comparação temporal para identificação dos ajustes morfológicos do canal. Os ajustes foram avaliados a partir das evidências morfológicas erosivas do canal: canais abandonados, extensão de curva de meando, formação de meandro, migração lateral, rotação de curva de meandro e translação de curva de meandro. Foram identificados oito estilos fluviais sendo que as ocorrências das evidências de ajustes ocorrem em quatro estilos fluviais, localizados a montante do reservatório de Juturnaíba, predominantemente em áreas ocupadas por pastagens. Também foi observado evidências de ajuste do canal na área da reserva biológica localizada próxima ao reservatório, contudo, a manutenção da vegetação mostrou-se um importante controlador desses ajustes, considerando que este trecho apresenta condições semelhantes de comportamento geomorfológico em relação às demais áreas com a ocorrência de ajustes no canal.
INFLUÊNCIA DAS FASES DO SAM NA DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL DO GELO MARINHO NA REGIÃO NORTE DA PENÍNSULA ANTÁRTICA
Authors: Hillebrand Fernando Luis , Bremer Ulisses Franz , Arigony-Neto Jorge , Rosa Cristiano Niederauer da , Jesus Janisson Batista de , Idalino Filipe Daros , Sampaio Marco Ivan Rodrigues
Published: December 2020

O gelo marinho tem um papel importante no sistema climático global por meio da regulação do transporte e trocas de calor entre o oceano e a atmosfera, formação de massas d’água e circulação oceânica, e contribui também para o retorno da radiação solar incidente na superfície terrestre. Porém, as variáveis térmicas e mecânicas associadas às diferentes fases de Southern Annular Mode (SAM) podem afetar o equilíbrio do sistema oceano-atmosfera. Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar como as variáveis meteorológicas influenciam na concentração do gelo marinho na região oceânica situada a norte da Península Antártica durante as diferentes fases do SAM, entre os invernos austrais de 1979 e 2018. Para tal, foram consideradas as variáveis meteorológicas temperatura do ar a 2 m, temperatura da superfície do mar, pressão ao nível médio do mar, precipitação total, velocidade do vento, componente zonal do vento a 10 m e componente meridional do vento a 10 m. Foi constatado que, independentemente da fase do SAM, a temperatura do ar a 2 m apresentou uma forte correlação negativa (R de -0,74 a -0,81) e a temperatura da superfície do mar uma moderada correlação negativa (R de -0,62 a -0,67). Também foi identificada uma tendência linear decrescente na área de gelo marinho, com a magnitude das anomalias da concentração do gelo marinho nas diferentes fases do SAM associadas à magnitude da concentração média histórica.
Effectiveness of tDCS to Improve Recognition and Reduce False Memories in Older Adults
Authors: Melendez Juan C , Satorres Encarnación , Pitarque Alfonso , Delhom Iraida , Real Elena , Escudero Joaquin
Published: December 2020

Background. False memories tend to increase in healthy and pathological aging, and their reduction could be useful in improving cognitive functioning. The objective was to use an active-placebo method to verify whether the application of tDCS in improving true recognition and reducing false memories in healthy older people. Method. Participants were 29 healthy older adults (65-78 years old) assigned to active or placebo group; active group received anodal stimulation at 2mA for 20 min over F7. An experimental task was used to estimate true and false recognition. The procedure took place in two sessions on two consecutive days. Results. A mixed ANOVA of true recognition showed a significant main effect of session (p = .004), indicating an increase from before treatment to after it. False recognition showed a significant main effect (p = .004), indicating a decrease from before treatment to after it and a significant session x group interaction (p < .0001). Conclusions. Overall, our results show that tDCS is an effective tool for increasing true recognition and reducing false recognition in healthy older people, and suggest that stimulation improves recall by increasing the number of items a participant can recall and reducing the number of memory errors.
Molecular Mechanisms of Renal Progenitor Regulation: How Many Pieces in the Puzzle?
Authors: Peired Anna Julie , Melica Maria Elena , Molli Alice , Nardi Cosimo , Romagnani Paola , Lasagni Laura
Published: December 2020

Kidneys of mice, rats and humans possess progenitors that maintain daily homeostasis and take part in endogenous regenerative processes following injury, owing to their capacity to proliferate and differentiate. In the glomerular and tubular compartments of the nephron, consistent studies demonstrated that well-characterized, distinct populations of progenitor cells, localized in the parietal epithelium of Bowman capsule and scattered in the proximal and distal tubules, could generate segment-specific cells in physiological conditions and following tissue injury. However, defective or abnormal regenerative responses of these progenitors can contribute to pathologic conditions. The molecular characteristics of renal progenitors have been extensively studied, revealing that numerous classical and evolutionarily conserved pathways, such as Notch or Wnt/β-catenin, play a major role in cell regulation. Others, such as retinoic acid, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, TLR2 (Toll-Like Receptor 2) and leptin, are also important in this process. In this review, we summarize the plethora of molecular mechanisms directing renal progenitor responses during homeostasis and following kidney injury. Finally, we will explore how single cell RNA sequencing could bring the characterization of renal progenitors to the next level, while knowing their molecular signature is gaining relevance in the clinic.
Effectiveness and Safety of Low-dose Rituximab in the treatment of Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Mokhtari Mahisa , Abolmaali Meysam , Emamikhah Maziar , Mohebi Nafiseh , Hatam Jaber , Amini Elaheh , Saiyarsarai Parisa , Habibi Seyed Amir Hassan , Moghaddasi Mehdi
Published: December 2020

Background: Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody widely used in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Despite reports of its effectiveness in the treatment of demyelinating diseases of central nervous system (DDCNS), it is not yet approved for use in these disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of low dose rituximab in three different subgroups of DDCNS including relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) and neuromyelitis-optica-spectrum disorders (NMOSD).Methods: In a prospective cohort study, we monitored expanded-disability-status-scale (EDSS), relapses (new attacks) and serum-IgG levels to assess effectiveness and drug-adverse-events for safety in patients with RRMS, SPMS and NMOSD. These patients were candidates to receive rituximab according to our common practice protocol. We switched patients to rituximab if there was poor response to first line therapies. We follow a low dose protocol in our center (500 mg twice, two weeks apart, repeating every six months) and these patients treated in a 4-year period were assessed retrospectively for evaluation of our protocol’s safety and effectiveness. Results: 99 patients (42 RRMS, 43 SPMS and 14 NMOSD) received rituximab for a range of 12 to 40 months period. New attacks occurred in 8 RRMS (19%), 10 SPMS (23%) and 1 NMOSD (7%) patients. EDSS decreased in RRMS and NMOSD cases. Serum-IgG levels decremented in SPMS and NMOSD patients. Drug-adverse-events happened in two cases.Conclusion: In this study, low dose rituximab showed substantial effectiveness in preventing disease progression with a considerably good safety profile.
A Literature Review of Dietary Habits, Defecation Habits and Skill Care to Prevent Fecal Incontinence in Elderly Individuals with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Okawa Yohei
Published: December 2020

The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is functional gastrointestinal tract disease, include abnormal defecation and abdominal pain. The Rome IV criteria define fecal incontinence as "recurrent and uncontrolled stool leakage that lasts more than 3 months." Fecal incontinence is common in patients with IBS and can have a significant negative impact on daily life and reduce the patient's quality of life. Diet and lifestyle guidance are needed to prevent fecal incontinence. Fecal incontinence can be reduced by ingesting dietary fiber, which can improve stool properties, and avoiding foods with stool-softening properties. Additionally, defecation habit guidance is important for preventing fecal incontinence. If rectal sensation is normal, it is recommended to go to the bathroom as soon as there is a desire to defecate. In elderly people, if there is stool in the rectum due to decreased rectal sensation and it continues to accumulate in the rectum without triggering the urge to defecate, overflowing leaky fecal incontinence may occur. For such patients, defecation habit training teaching them to defecate even if they do not have the desire to defecate may be effective. Education and advice on defecation reduces fecal incontinence and is beneficial to caregivers.
Phytochemicals as Therapeutics Against COVID-19: An In-Silico Study
Authors: Koiri Debraj , Chakraborty Ditam , Das Pranotosh , Rana Rajkumar , Chatterjee Soumyanil , Das Tanmoy , Dhal Paltu Kumar
Published: December 2020

Since December 2019, the worldwide spread of COVID-19 has brought the majority of the world to a standstill, affecting daily lives as well as economy. Under these conditions, it is imperative to develop a cure as soon as possible. On account of some of the adverse side effects of the existing conventional drugs, researchers all around the world are screening natural antiviral phytochemicals as potential therapeutic agents against COVID-19. This paper aims to review interactions of some specific phytochemicals with the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the Spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 and suggest their possible therapeutic applications. Literature search was done based on the wide array of in-silico studies conducted using broad spectrum phytochemicals against SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses. We shortlisted 26 such phytochemicals specifically targeting the S protein and its interactions with host receptors. To validate the previously published results, we also conducted molecular docking using the AutoDockVina application and identified 6 high potential phytochemicals for therapeutic use based on their binding energies. Besides this, availability of these compounds, their mode of action, toxicity data and cost-effectiveness were also taken into consideration. Our review specifically identifies 6 phytochemicals that can be used as potential treatments for COVID-19 based on their availability, toxicology results and low costs of production. However, all these compounds need to be further validated by wet lab experiments and should be approved for clinical use only after appropriate trials.