bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controlling of bacterial and fungal diseases that contaminating mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori by using some plant extracts
Authors: Saad Mahmoud S. I. , Elyamani Enas M. Y. , Helaly Walaa M. M.
Published: December 2019

Background

Mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori L. is one of the most economically important insect because its production of silk which interfere with many important industries. Diseases of the silkworm, B. mori such as viral, bacterial, fungal and protozoan pathogens seriously affect their cocoon production. Bacterial and fungal pathogens independently cause the highest cocoon loss, so the use of botanicals is considered an important strategy to control diseases of silkworm.

Results

The artificially infected silkworm, B. mori larvae with Bacillus thuriengiensis when treated with concentrations of 2 and 3% of black seed and basil leaves extracts increased significantly larval weight and decreased larval mortality. In addition, 3% basil leaves extract and 1% of black seed increased pupal weight. Cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight increased significantly by 3% basil leaves extract treatment. All tested concentrations of black seed extract increased the silk ratios of the resulted cocoons as compared to the infected control. For technological parameters, all tested extracts at 3% concentration caused the highest silk filament length; meanwhile control larvae recorded the highest silk filament weight and size. Regarding the mulberry silkworm, B. mori artificially infested with conidial solution of Beauveria bassiana when treated with all concentrations of the tested plants showed an enhancement in larval weight, pupal weight, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, silk filament length, and filament weight and reduced the larval mortality percentage. The highest silk filament size were recorded for the control group.

Conclusions

Tested concentrations of Morus alba, Ocimum basilicum leaves extracts and Nigella sativa seeds extract have suppressed the bacterial and fungal disease spread when used three times through both 4th and 5th larval instars. Moreover, the biological characters and technological traits enhanced by using of these extracts, so it can be used in sericulture for improving cocoon crop quality and quantity.
Levels of CXCL13 and sICAM-1 correlate with disease activity score in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with tocilizumab
Authors: Tuckwell Katie , Gabay Cem , Sornasse Thierry , Laubender Ruediger Paul , Wang Jianmei , Townsend Michael J.
Published: December 2019

Background

Tocilizumab (TCZ), a humanized monoclonal antibody against the interleukin-6 receptor, has been proven to be a safe and effective treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Because RA is a heterogenous disease and patient response to treatments can vary, identifying characteristics that predict which patients are more likely to respond to TCZ is important for optimal patient care. Serum levels of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) have been associated with response to TCZ in patients with RA.

Objectives

To evaluate the association of CXCL13 and sICAM-1 with disease activity and response to TCZ in patients with early RA and those with inadequate response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD-IR).

Methods

Baseline and week 24 serum CXCL13 and sICAM-1 levels were measured using available patient samples from the FUNCTION (early RA) and LITHE (DMARD-IR) trials. Correlations between CXCL13 and sICAM-1 levels and Disease Activity Score in 28 joints calculated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) at baseline and between change in CXCL13 and sICAM-1 and change in DAS28-ESR at week 24 were estimated. CXCL13 and sICAM-1 changes from baseline to week 24 were compared between treatment arms. The effects of TCZ treatment and baseline DAS28-ESR, CXCL13 and sICAM-1 levels on DAS28-ESR remission and 50% improvement per the American College of Rheumatology (ACR50) response at week 24 were determined.

Results

Overall, 458 patients from FUNCTION and 287 patients from LITHE were included. Correlation of baseline serum CXCL13 and sICAM-1 levels with DAS28-ESR was weak to moderate. CXCL13 and sICAM-1 levels decreased significantly at week 24 in TCZ-treated patients in both the early-RA and DMARD-IR populations. CXCL13 and sICAM-1 changes correlated moderately to weakly with DAS28-ESR changes at week 24 in both populations. The treatment regimen, but not baseline CXCL13 and sICAM-1 levels, had a significant effect on the likelihood of DAS28-ESR remission and ACR50 response.

Conclusions

Although CXCL13 and sICAM-1 are modestly associated with RA disease activity, they do not predict response to TCZ in all RA populations.
A meeting report: OECD-GESIS Seminar on Translating and Adapting Instruments in Large-Scale Assessments (2018)
Authors: Behr Dorothée , Zabal Anouk
Published: December 2019

This report summarizes the main themes and conclusions from the OECD-GESIS Seminar on Translating and Adapting Instruments in Large-Scale Assessments, which took place at the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Paris, in June 2018. The five sessions covered the topics (1) etic (universal) vs. emic (culture-specific) measurement instruments, (2) language- and culture-sensitive development of measurement instruments, (3) international guidelines vs. implementation in countries and by translators, (4) tools and technological developments, and (5) quality control of translations. Key players in the field presented on best practice, lessons learned, and innovations and also made suggestions for moving the field forward.
Implication of Porphyromonas gingivalis in colitis and homeostasis of intestinal epithelium
Authors: Seo Yoojin , Oh Su-Jeong , Ahn Ji-Su , Shin Ye Young , Yang Ji Won , Kim Hyung-Sik
Published: December 2019

Emerging evidences have reported that periodontitis can be a risk factor for the pathogenesis of various systemic diseases. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), one of the crucial pathogens in chronic periodontitis, has been spotlighted as a potential cause for the promotion and acceleration of periodontitis-associated systemic disorders. To investigate the association between Pg and intestinal disease or homeostasis, we treated Pg-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in murine colitis model or intestinal organoid, respectively. Pg-derived LPS (Pg LPS) was administrated into chemically induced murine colitis model and disease symptoms were monitored compared with the infusion of LPS derived from E. coli (Ec LPS). Organoids isolated and cultured from mouse small intestine were treated with Pg or Ec LPS and further analyzed for the generation and composition of organoids. In vivo observations demonstrated that both Pg and Ec LPS exerted slight protective effects against murine colitis. Pg LPS did not affect the generation and growth of intestinal epithelial organoids. Among subtypes of epithelial cells, markers for stem cells, goblet cells or Paneth cells were changed in response to Pg LPS. Taken together, these results indicate that Pg LPS leads to partial improvement in colitis and that its treatment does not significantly affect the self-organization of intestinal organoids but may regulate the epithelial composition.
CYP2D6 Genotype Predicts Tamoxifen Discontinuation and Prognosis in Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: He Wei , Grassmann Felix , Eriksson Mikael , Eliasson Erik , Margolin Sara , Thorén Linda , Hall Per , Czene Kamila
Published: December 2019

PURPOSE

To examine the association between CYP2D6 genotype, discontinuation of tamoxifen therapy, and prognosis for breast cancer.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We conducted a prospective-retrospective study linking data from a clinical breast cancer register, the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register, and self-reported questionnaires. We genotyped CYP2D6 in 1,309 patients with breast cancer who were treated with tamoxifen and were diagnosed from 2005 to 2012; they were categorized as poor, intermediate, normal, or ultrarapid CYP2D6 metabolizers. We investigated whether metabolizer status was associated with tamoxifen discontinuation and prognosis for breast cancer using Cox regression analysis.

RESULTS

The 6-month discontinuation rates of tamoxifen among poor, intermediate, normal, and ultrarapid CYP2D6 metabolizers were 7.1%, 7.6%, 6.7%, and 18.8%, respectively. A U-shaped association was found between CYP2D6 metabolizer status and breast cancer–specific mortality, with adjusted hazard ratios of 2.59 (95% CI, 1.01 to 6.67) for poor, 1.48 (95% CI, 0.72 to 3.05) for intermediate, 1 (reference) for normal, and 4.52 (95% CI, 1.42 to 14.37) for ultrarapid CYP2D6 metabolizers.

CONCLUSION

Both poor and ultrarapid CYP2D6 metabolizers of tamoxifen have a worse prognosis for breast cancer compared with normal metabolizers after receiving a standard dose of tamoxifen. This U-shaped association might call for individualized tamoxifen dosage.
Law, Violence, History
Authors: Oyarzún Pablo
Published: December 2019

This article offers a reading of the concluding paragraph of Walter Benjamin's “Toward the Critique of Violence.” It discusses Benjamin's assertion that only a philosophical-historical approach can provide the key to a critique of violence in light of his essay's discussion of legal violence, and in light of his discovery of radically different types of violence. Benjamin argues that the legal order remains enclosed in a cycle of law-positing and law-preserving violence. Moreover, the legal order inherits the essential trait of myth and of mythic violence: ambiguity. This article shows that guilt is the destiny of those subjected to mythic (and legal) forms of violence. The fateful cycle of legal violence can be undone only by the irruption of an absolutely heterogeneous type of violence, which Benjamin calls divine violence. Its peculiarity consists in the fact that, in deposing legal violence (and the legal order as a whole), divine violence also deposes itself as violence. Although divine violence cannot be attested to as a fact or as a force unequivocally acting in the profane—that is, the human—context, it is nevertheless immanent to the profane world. Its immanence is the immanence of the messianic.
Broadband-Millimeter-Wave Absorber Based on ε-(TiIVCoII)xFeIII2−2xO3 for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems
Authors: Namai Asuka , Ogata Koreyoshi , Yoshikiyo Marie , Ohkoshi Shin-ichi
Published: December 2019

High-speed wireless communication plays a significant role in the Internet of Things (IoT) era. 120-GHz and 140-GHz band millimeter waves have potential in broadcasting wireless communications, wireless data transmissions between cellular base stations, and traffic monitoring sensors in intersection areas for advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). Herein we report a magnetic millimeter wave absorber composed of TiIV–CoII substituted ε-Fe2O3, which is a series of ε-(TiIVCoII)xFeIII2−2xO3 nanomagnets (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.048). ε-(TiIVCoII)xFeIII2−2xO3 shows magnetic hysteresis loops, and the coercive field changes from 20.0 kOe (x = 0) to 8.4 kOe (x = 0.048) with increasing x. Terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) measurements show that ε-(TiIVCoII)xFeIII2−2xO3 exhibits millimeter wave absorption peaks at 140 GHz with full width at half maximum (Δf) = 15 GHz for x = 0.033 and at 121 GHz with Δf = 24 GHz for x = 0.048. These broadband absorptions are useful for noise suppression over a wide frequency range.
Sequence-Specific PI Polyamides Make It Possible to Regulate DNA Structure and Function
Authors: Bando Toshikazu , Sugiyama Hiroshi
Published: December 2019

As part of our research over the past 20 years, we have designed sequence-specific DNA-binding ligands that are based on the chemical molecular recognition of bases in nucleic acids. The DNA minor groove-binding molecules, N-methylpyrrole (P), and N-methylimidazole (I) polyamides, have been developed to regulate the specific gene expression or high-order DNA structures and visualize specific DNA sequences in cells. The binding properties of PI polyamides were designed to target specific sequences for various chemical applications. The development of PI polyamides may be useful when applying the vast base sequence information obtained from recent genomic-level research.
Development of Planar Chiral Five-Membered Cyclic (Amino)(ferrocenylene)carbene Ligand and Its Iridium Dicarbonyl Complex
Authors: Takagaki Waka , Yasue Risa , Yoshida Kazuhiro
Published: December 2019

A five-membered cyclic (amino)(ferrocenylene)carbene (CAFeC) ligand was developed as the counterpart of existing seven- and six-membered planar chiral CAFeC ligands to enrich the series. The novel CAFeC was subjected to carbene trapping experiments with sulfur and an iridium complex. The resulting sulfur adduct and Ir dicarbonyl complex were fully characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. The Tolman electronic parameter (TEP) of the Ir dicarbonyl complex revealed that the donor strength of the new CAFeC is high, as expected.
Malignant seeding of the biopsy needle tract outside of the radiation therapy field in a patient with Glioblastoma
Authors: Cooper Maxwell E. , Zhong Jim , Kim Sera , Hoch Michael J. , Weinberg Brent D.
Published: December 2019

A 44-year-old male initially presented with a right thalamic brain tumor that was confirmed with stereotactic biopsy to be glioblastoma (GBM). The patient was treated with radiotherapy and temozolomide for 6 weeks. At 1 month after completing chemoradiation therapy, the patient underwent follow-up imaging that revealed the primary lesion had mildly responded to chemoradiation, but a secondary lesion had developed along the biopsy needle tract. This secondary lesion was outside of the field of radiation therapy for the primary tumor and concluded to be intracranial spread of GBM along the biopsy tract. The patient’s final imaging 4 months after initial diagnosis revealed the primary and secondary lesions had enlarged. Subsequently, the patient clinically deteriorated and died 7 months after initial diagnosis.
Does good corporate governance pay off in the long-run? Evidence from stock market segment switches in Brazil
Authors: Moura Luiz , Norden Lars
Published: December 2019

We investigate the long-run effects of higher standards of corporate governance in the stock market. We consider Brazilian firms that switched from the traditional segment to the Nível 1, Nível 2 or Novo Mercado since 2000. We document that higher standards of governance result in significantly higher abnormal stock returns in the long run, controlling for firm and time fixed effects. The positive impact increased after the Global Financial Crisis, market microstructure has improved, and the market impact is stronger for financially healthy firms. Evidence suggests that committing to higher standards of corporate governance paid off for Brazilian firms in the long run.
Fifty-year history of the Ibovespa
Authors: Castro F. Henrique , Eid Junior William , Santana Verônica F. , Yoshinaga Claudia E.
Published: December 2019

We summarize the fifty-year history (1968-2017) of the Ibovespa, a gross total return index that comprises the most liquid stocks traded on the São Paulo Stock Exchange in Brazil. We provide contextual material on the Brazilian economy during this 50-year period (such as the fight against hyperinflation, the privatization of companies, and economic crises) and its impact on the index composition and performance. We discuss the effect of the change in the index calculationmethodology that took place in 2014, when companies with lower market capitalization became less representative in the index. Finally, we discuss the representativeness of each industry on the Ibovespa portfolio.
Differential privacy in the 2020 US census: what will it do? Quantifying the accuracy/privacy tradeoff
Authors: Petti Samantha , Flaxman Abraham
Published: December 2019

Background: The 2020 US Census will use a novel approach to disclosure avoidance to protect respondents’ data, called TopDown. This TopDown algorithm was applied to the 2018 end-to-end (E2E) test of the decennial census. The computer code used for this test as well as accompanying exposition has recently been released publicly by the Census Bureau.

Methods: We used the available code and data to better understand the error introduced by the E2E disclosure avoidance system when Census Bureau applied it to 1940 census data and we developed an empirical measure of privacy loss to compare the error and privacy of the new approach to that of a simple-random-sampling approach to protecting privacy.

Results: We found that the empirical privacy loss of TopDown is substantially smaller than the theoretical guarantee for all privacy loss budgets we examined. When run on the 1940 census data, TopDown with a privacy budget of 1.0 was similar in error and privacy loss to that of a simple random sample of 50% of the US population. When run with a privacy budget of 4.0, it was similar in error and privacy loss of a 90% sample.

Conclusions: This work fits into the beginning of a discussion on how to best balance privacy and accuracy in decennial census data collection, and there is a need for continued discussion.
Genomic variant sharing: a position statement
Authors: Wright Caroline F. , Ware James S. , Lucassen Anneke M. , Hall Alison , Middleton Anna , Rahman Nazneen , Ellard Sian , Firth Helen V.
Published: December 2019

Sharing de-identified genetic variant data via custom-built online repositories is essential for the practice of genomic medicine and is demonstrably beneficial to patients. Robust genetic diagnoses that inform medical management cannot be made accurately without reference to genetic test results from other patients, population controls and correlation with clinical context and family history. Errors in this process can result in delayed, missed or erroneous diagnoses, leading to inappropriate or missed medical interventions for the patient and their family. The benefits of sharing individual genetic variants, and the harms of not sharing them, are numerous and well-established. Databases and mechanisms already exist to facilitate deposition and sharing of de-identified genetic variants, but clarity and transparency around best practice is needed to encourage widespread use, prevent inconsistencies between different communities, maximise individual privacy and ensure public trust. We therefore recommend that widespread sharing of a small number of genetic variants per individual, associated with limited clinical information, should become standard practice in genomic medicine. Information confirming or refuting the role of genetic variants in specific conditions is fundamental scientific knowledge from which everyone has a right to benefit, and therefore should not require consent to share. For additional case-level detail about individual patients or more extensive genomic information, which is often essential for individual clinical interpretation, it may be more appropriate to use a controlled-access model for such data sharing, with the ultimate aim of making as much information available as possible with appropriate governance.
Compassionate communities and collective memory: a conceptual framework to address the epidemic of loneliness
Authors: Sime Caroline , Collins Stephen
Published: December 2019

In recent years, tackling loneliness has become the focus of increased scholarly debate, social intervention and the development of international policy. One response to the ‘epidemic of loneliness' has been the development of the compassionate communities model. The diversity of compassionate communities approaches has led to scholars such as Allan Kellehear (2005; 2017) to highlight a lack of a cohesive underpinning theory to support and drive policy development. In this paper, we propose the use of ‘collective memory’ as a novel approach to linking loneliness, memory and identity in a way that draws out conceptual links between the role compassionate communities play in tackling social isolation and loneliness. We suggest that the service-led approach that seeks to identify and transpose strategies from one community to another is ineffective; instead, we emphasise the need to develop bespoke community-centred models that can be used by community nurses.
Talking about smoking cessation with postnatal women: exploring midwives' experiences
Authors: Reardon Rhona , Grogan Sarah
Published: December 2019

This study explores midwives' experiences of talking to postnatal women about smoking cessation. Face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were held with seven midwives based in the UK. Thematic analysis identified themes which provided understanding as to factors determining discussion of smoking cessation. Six themes were identified, namely postnatal women factors, midwife factors, providing information, involving others, priorities, and whole family approach. Implications for midwives working with postnatal women are discussed, including the need to increase the involvement of other healthcare professionals in supporting postnatal women to stop smoking.
Is the primary care network the answer to increase student nurse capacity in general practice?
Authors: Heath Shaun
Published: December 2019

Primary care networks have the potential to increase student nurse placements in general practice. Shaun Heath explores how effective learning environments can be created and the concept of the ‘community of practice’

This article explores how the emerging primary care networks (PCNs) could be used to increase student nurse placements in primary care, and how they could facilitate nurses in breaking free from isolative working. Known as a ‘community of practice’, working with our peers and colleagues from neighbouring practices alongside students could facilitate the growth of the network itself, share the educational load with the nurses in the PCN, and create nursing leadership with shared educational advancements. Could PCNs be what general practice nurses need to find their voices and develop their ambitions of becoming leaders?
Research Roundup
Authors: Winter George
Published: December 2019

George Winter provides an overview of recently published articles likely to be of interest to practice nurses. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided.
Expediente
Authors: Santos Glicia Vieira dos
Published: December 2019

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.13071/regec.2317-5087.2013.2.2.5956.1-4Apresenta a 2a. edição da Revista Gestão & Conexões (Management and Connections Journal), v2, n2, jul./dez. 2013.
Model of the light sword intraocular lens: in-vitro comparative studies
Authors: Petelczyc Krzysztof , Kolodziejczyk Andrzej , Błocki Narcyz , Byszewska Anna , Jaroszewicz Zbigniew , Kakarenko Karol , Kołacz Katarzyna , Miler Michał , Mira-Agudelo Alejandro , Torres-Sepúlveda Walter , Rękas Marek
Published: December 2019

This work presents the first models of light sword intraocular lenses
(LS IOLs) with angularly modulated optical power. We performed an
experimental, comparative study with multifocal and extended depth of
focus intraocular lenses, which are available on the market. The
measurements conducted in an original optical bench were utilised for
an analysis of point spread functions, elongated foci, modulation
transfer functions and the areas defined by them. The LS IOL models
perform homogeneous imaging in the whole range of designed defocus.
The proposed concept of extended depth of focus seems to be promising
for the development of presbyopia-correcting intraocular lenses
capable of regaining fully functional vision.
Resolving absolute depth in circular-ranging optical coherence tomography by using a degenerate frequency comb
Authors: Lippok Norman , Vakoc Benjamin J.
Published: December 2019

In Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography, an interference signal is generated that spans an RF bandwidth proportional to the product of three parameters: the imaging range, the imaging speed, and the inverse of the axial resolution. Circular-ranging optical coherence tomography (CR-OCT) architectures were introduced to ease long-range imaging by decoupling the imaging range from the signal RF bandwidth. As a consequence, present CR-OCT systems resolve the relative, but not the absolute, depth location of the scatterers. We introduce here a modified implementation of CR-OCT that uses a degenerate frequency comb source that allows recovery of absolute depth information while only minimally impacting the previously described RF bandwidth compression benefits of CR. We show that this degenerate frequency comb can be created by relatively simple modifications to existing frequency comb source designs, and we present absolute ranging capabilities through imaging studies and simulations.
Optical scrambling system for document authentication by image decryption
Authors: Dejean M. , Nourrit V. , de Bougrenet de la Tocnaye J.-L.
Published: December 2019

The continuous development of new authentication techniques is necessary to prevent illegal data access from unauthorized users or counterfeiting. In this paper, we present a simple optical method to decode encrypted images using a multi-scopic optical system. The method uses a scrambled lens-let array which provides a high level of security. In a simple configuration, the encrypted image is scrolled in front of the multi-scopic imaging system. Due to a particular arrangement of lens-lets, the image will only be correctly imaged at a unique position with respect to the imager. Experimental demonstrations are presented and potential applications discussed.
Snapshot hyperspectral light field imaging using image mapping spectrometry
Authors: Cui Qi , Park Jongchan , Theodore Smith R. , Gao Liang
Published: December 2019

In this Letter, we present a snapshot hyperspectral light field imaging system using a single camera. By integrating an unfocused light field camera with a snapshot hyperspectral imager, the image mapping spectrometer, we captured a five-dimensional (5D) (

x
,
y
,
u
,
v
,
λ

) (

x
,
y
,

spatial coordinates;

u
,
v
,

emittance angles;

λ
,

wavelength) datacube in a single camera exposure. The corresponding volumetric image (

x
,
y
,
z

) at each wavelength is then computed through a scale-depth space transform. We demonstrated the snapshot advantage of our system by imaging the spectral-volumetric scenes in real time.
Golvol, CHC and Other Attic Fragments from a Portuguese Private Collection
Authors: Ferreira Daniela Freitas
Published: December 2019

O estudo de coleções privadas subordinadas ao tema da arte grega tem vindo a ganhar força em território português, proliferando as publicações que dão conta do significativo interesse que este tipo de peças suscita junto de colecionadores. Seguindo esta tendência, apresentamos um novo conjunto de fragmentos cerâmicos de origem grega, parte integrante do acervo de um colecionador privado. Este pequeno acervo é constituído de fragmentos pertencentes a cinco vasos de produção ática, correspondendo a três exemplares de figuras negras, um dos quais de excecional qualidade, e dois exemplares de verniz negro. Neste artigo, apresentamos um breve enquadramento destas peças, seguido de um catálogo onde se pretende dar a conhecer os exemplares estudados, através de uma breve descrição dos motivos decorativos e, sempre que possível, sugerindo uma atribuição para a sua forma e pintor. O estudo deste pequeno conjunto permitiu, entre outros aspetos, acrescentar um novo exemplar ao reduzido leque de peças adjudicadas ao Grupo de pintores de Golvol e identificar mais um testemunho da expressiva obra do Grupo de pintores CHC.
A Perspetiva Polemológica Quinhentista da Arenga Militar
Authors: Henriques Luís
Published: December 2019

Na Antiguidade, os grandes generais viram na exortação das tropas um poderoso aliado contra o inimigo, como o comprovam os tratados militares de Onassandro ou Vegécio. Pelas suas qualidades impressivas, os historiógrafos greco-romanos inseriram a arenga militar nos seus relatos, reelaborando-a retoricamente, num tempo em que a historiografia se aproximou da retórica. Em pleno século do Renascimento, tempo marcado pela pirobalística e pela crescente profissionalização dos exércitos, os tratados militares coevos continuam a propor aos comandos militares o recurso à exortação e à motivação das tropas. Se assinalar este facto já seria importante, a verdade é que a perspetiva polemológica militar quinhentista da arenga militar surge enriquecida com os contextos de pronunciação e os topoi retóricos consagrados pela tradição literária clássica. Assim, neste artigo e de forma transversal, identificamos os tópicos retóricos que os tratados militares escritos por Maquiavel, Fernando Oliveira e Scarion de Pavia prescrevem aos generais antes ou durante uma batalha, inserindo-os na respetiva filiação retórico-historiográfica. Procuraremos demonstrar que a arenga militar, nestes tratados, estará, nos tópicos e nos contextos de pronunciação, mais comprometida com a historiografia clássica do que com a coeva tratadística antiga. Originária do meio castrense, reelaborada retoricamente no silêncio do gabinete do historiógrafo, regressa, no século XVI, ao seu ambiente original, enriquecida e adaptada a diferentes contextos bélicos. É um estudo inédito da importância que a arte militar do século XVI conferia ainda à pronunciação de uma arenga militar, como forma de galvanização dos soldados para a guerra.
Continuing Medical Education Questions: December 2019
Authors: Veerappan Ganesh R.
Published: December 2019

Article Title: Colonic Manifestations and Complications Are Relatively Under-reported in Systemic Sclerosis: A Systematic Review
Nivolumab-Induced Concomitant Severe Upper and Lower Gastrointestinal Immune-Related Adverse Effects
Authors: Alhatem Albert , Patel Krishan , Eriksen Brenda , Bukhari Sarosh , Liu Chen
Published: December 2019

Immunotherapy agents such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 and programed cell death protein-1 inhibitors show efficacy in cancer therapy but are associated with immune-related adverse events. It commonly presents as diarrhea but can cause colitis, mimicking inflammatory bowel disease. Our patient is a 78-year-old man on nivolumab therapy for metastatic lung cancer who developed new onset nausea and diarrhea. Endoscopy revealed inflammation of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract, and histology revealed transmural colon and gastric inflammation. We present a fascinating case of severe concomitant aphthous ulcers, esophagitis, gastritis, and enterocolitis.
Segmental Colitis Associated With Diverticulosis Causing Hydroureteronephrosis
Authors: Al-Obaid Lolwa , McCarty Thomas R. , Bazarbashi Ahmad Najdat , Wieczorek Tad J. , Rangel Erika , Homenko Daria
Published: December 2019

Segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis (SCAD) is a rare inflammatory condition affecting segments of the colon with diverticular disease. We present an 85-year-old woman with flank pain, fevers, and chills found on imaging to have left colonic wall thickening and left-sided hydroureteronephrosis and workup confirming a diagnosis of SCAD. A detailed review of SCAD and discussion of the differential diagnosis are provided. This case emphasizes disease-specific clinical pearls and highlights hydroureteronephrosis as a rare complication seen in a patient with SCAD.
Challenges in Management of Autoimmune Hepatitis With Concurrent Graves Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Nguyen Ngan , Reddy Yala Kirthi , Jain Nidhi , Patel Vanisha , James Deirdre , Sistani Bobbak , Steinberg Helmut
Published: December 2019

The management of concurrent Graves thyrotoxicosis and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) can be challenging. We present a 37-year-old woman with a recent diagnosis of Graves disease and acute liver injury. Laboratory workup was concerning for AIH. Liver biopsy showed plasma cell infiltration and interface hepatitis consistent with AIH, and treatment with methylprednisolone was initiated. Azathioprine was started after thiopurine methyltransferase testing, and prednisone was tapered down. Thionamide use was contraindicated, so clinical euthyroidism was achieved with the use of cholestyramine and glucocorticoids. Our case highlights the complexities of management when patients are affected by 2 concurrent illnesses.
Graft-vs-Host Disease Colitis After Lung Transplant
Authors: Kanthasamy Kavin , Chang Mimi Tan , Kaur Manreet
Published: December 2019

Graft-vs-host disease, characteristically a major complication of allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, is rare after solid organ transplantation. We report a 50-year-old man who presented with abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea shortly after bilateral lung transplantation. Colonoscopy with biopsy revealed diffuse severe active colitis with ulceration and crypt apoptosis consistent with graft-vs-host disease colitis. The diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of donor lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. His symptoms were refractory to corticosteroids but responded to the addition of infliximab and extracorporeal photophoresis. He remained in remission 17 months later.
Compound Identification and Anticancer Activity of Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Bawang Sabrang (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr.) on HeLa Cervical Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Mutiah Roihatul , Minggarwati Trian Sidha , Kristanti Risma Aprinda , Susanti Erna
Published: December 2019

Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr. is a typical plant found in Central Kalimantan that has been used empirically by the Dayak people as medicine for various diseases, including cancer. The plant contains flavonoid compounds that potentially used as an anticancer. The purpose of this study is to find the most active fraction, indicated by its cytotoxic potency on HeLa cervical cancer cell line, and to identify compounds in E. palmifolia bulbs fraction. E. palmifolia bulbs was extracted by maceration. The extraction with ultrasonic bath and partition fractionation was conducted by using n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. Each fraction was tested for toxicity level on HeLa cells using MTT assay. The identification of active compounds was carried out by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS). The result showed that based on the IC50 value, the ethyl acetate fraction had the highest bioactivity. IC50 values of n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate fractions were 250.77±19.01; 720.46±42.38; and 44.34±9.45μg/mL, respectively. The identification of the active compound in ethyl acetate fraction resulted 28 chemical compounds. Compounds with the highest percentage area were isoliquiritigenin and oxyresveratrol. The ethyl acetate fraction of E. palmifolia bulbs is potential to be developed as an anticancer candidate (phytopharmaceutical).Keywords: Compound identification, Anticancer activity, Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr., cervical cancer
Ritual di Bawah Pohon Asam Mbah Gosang di Pasar Peterongan Semarang
Authors: Asiyah Siti Nur , Thohir Mudjahirin , Lathifah Af'idatul
Published: December 2019

Along with the development of modern times, society maintains its tradition as a unique cultural identity, including the phenomenon of rituals that take place under a large tamarind tree which is believed to be the firing of a sacred figure named Mbah Gosang, located in the middle of an urban area, precisely at Peterongan Semarang Market. The focus of the discussion which is the main objective of this research is to interpret the ritual meanings express in the ritual implementation. This research uses the theory of symbolic interactionism in explaining ritual phenomena, which in implication refers to social actions carried out by individuals in representing cultural meanings and symbols around them. The method used in this study is in the form of ethnographic methods, while the source of research data is obtained from participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and literature review. The informants consisted of the caretaker and Mbah Gosang pilgrim who had been directly involved in the implementation of ritual traditions. Based on the results of the study, the phenomenon of rituals carried out under the Mbah Gosang tamarind tree has two forms of cultural traditions in the form of a pilgrimage ritual and suronan ritual which in essence involves Mbah Gosang as an intermediary for prayer or tawassul to God. The series of ritual processions has their own symbolic meaning. Generally, people who carry out these rituals have the motivation to improve the economy, look for prosperity in life, and look for clues in dealing with life problems. The function of the ritual itself is as a form of respect for ancestors, cultural inheritance, forms of effort, reminders of death, and means of social integration, while the purpose of the ritual is to draw closer to God Almighty.
INTERJECTIONS IN SEMARANGAN JAVANESE: A SOCIOPRAGMATIC APPROACH
Authors: Nugroho Raden Arief , Setyaningsih Nina
Published: December 2019

Interjections are widely applied in Javanese dialect and they characterize particular functions, especially in spoken communication. However, with the growth of economic, urbanization, and associated area depopulation, dialect anomaly will lead to two ways: first, a community will be vulnerable as dynamic urbanization occurs; second, its linguistic characteristic will lead to “linguistic salad-bowl” as the result of “linguistic melting-pots”. Therefore, it is important to study dialects before they disappear in certain areas. In addition, there is relatively little research that has been done on Semarangan Javanese in the area of interjections, as supported by Jovanović (2004), who claims that “Interjections, as one of the marginal and perhaps least discussed upon classes of words”. Semarangan Javanese has some distinct characteristics in its spoken form, especially in its lexical divergence. Consequently, different interjections appear. This research aims to discuss Semarangan Javanese interjections, in terms of the sociopragmatic function applied by Semarangan Javanese speakers in a certain communication context. The researchers applied Jovanović’s interjections classification as the basis of this research. Field research method was used to gather the data by conducting direct observation to research participants. Semarangan Javanese interjections can be explored into three components, namely form, position, and meaning. Based on the findings, the form of Semarangan Javanese interjections are realized from phonological, morphological, and semantic occurrences. These interjections are also recognized in the initial, final, and independent positions. Such variety of meanings from the interjections can be indicated through several contexts that take place in the communication.
Efektifitas Executive Coaching Pada Tipe Kepemimpinan Transformasional Dan Transaksional
Authors: Sijabat Rauly , Pramudianto Pramudianto
Published: December 2019

Executive coaching that considers leadership types has the potential to change behavior that can improve individual and organizational performance. This is what prompted a study to determine the effectiveness of giving executive coaching on the types of transformational and transactional leadership.The design of the study designed in this study is mixed-factorial design 2x2 between-within subject. The first factor is executive coaching which consists of two levels, namely executive coaching and no executive coaching and the second factor is the type of leadership which consists of two levels, namely transformational and transactional on proactive influence tactics rational persuasion, inspirational appeals, consultation, collaboration. The data measured or observed in this study is the sales performance of the experimental participants consisting of sales heads and key account heads in automotive multinational companies.The findings of this study indicate that this type of transformational leadership with executive coaching has proven to be more effective in improving sales head and key account head sales performance. Furthermore, this study also shows that in the type of transformational leadership, the proactive collaboration and consultation influence tactics proved to be more effective while the transactional leadership type will be more effective in proactive rational and inspirational tactics.
Understanding the Employment Status of Gig-Workers in China’s Sharing Economy Era–An Empirical Legal Study
Authors: Xiao Shanyun
Published: December 2019

The prevalence of the Internet Plus model and mobile applications have brought people into the era of sharing economy, thus accelerating the generation of the “gig-worker.” Foreign experiences have tended to classify gig-workers as employees or as an additional employment category. However, reviewing China’s domestic practices, employment legislation is not enough to keep up with this innovative working style because the work classification and supporting mechanisms for gig-workers have not yet been explicated. This paper identifies the major types of gig-workers that have arisen and investigates 110 court cases to better understand the employment status of gig-workers in China. The empirical results indicate that the judgements of similar facts are diverse in the absence of a unified employment standard. Therefore, it is recommended that the work classification of gig-workers be clarified, lawful access to benefit plans and work protection system be safeguarded, and burden of accident liabilities be fairly distributed.
Asymptotic behaviour for elliptic operators with second-order discontinuous coefficients
Authors: Negro Luigi , Spina Chiara
Published: December 2019

We study the behaviour at infinity, in suitable weighted

L
p

{L^{p}}

-norms, of solutions of parabolic problems associated to the second order elliptic operator

L
=

Δ
+

(

a
-
1

)

⁢

∑

i
,
j

=
1

N

x
i

⁢

x
j

|
x
|

2

⁢

D

i
⁢
j

+

c
⁢

x

|
x
|

2

⋅
∇

-

b
⁢

|
x
|

-
2

,

L=\Delta+(a-1)\sum_{i,j=1}^{N}\frac{x_{i}x_{j}}{|x|^{2}}D_{ij}+c\frac{x}{|x|^{%
2}}\cdot\nabla-b|x|^{-2},

where

a
>
0

{a>0}

and

b
,
c

∈
ℝ

{b,c\in\mathbb{R}}

.
Asymptotic normality of sums of Hilbert space valued random elements
Authors: Račkauskas Alfredas
Published: December 2019

We investigate the asymptotic normality of distributions of the sequence

∑

k
∈
ℤ

u

n
,
k

⁢

X
k

{\sum_{k\in\mathbb{Z}}u_{n,k}X_{k}}

,

n
∈
ℕ

{n\in\mathbb{N}}

, where

(

X
k

,
k

∈
ℤ

)

{(X_{k},k\in\mathbb{Z})}

either is a sequence of i.i.d. random elements or constitutes a linear process with i.i.d. innovations in a separable Hilbert space. The weights

(

u

n
,
k

)

{(u_{n,k})}

are in general a family of linear bounded operators. This model includes operator weighted sums of Hilbert space valued linear processes, operator-wise discounted sums in a Hilbert space as well some extensions of classical summation methods.
Modern perioperative medicine – past, present, and future
Authors: Dean Harry F. , Carter Fiona , Francis Nader K.
Published: December 2019

Modern perioperative medicine has dramatically altered the care for patients undergoing major surgery. Anaesthetic and surgical practice has been directed at mitigating the surgical stress response and reducing physiological insult. The development of standardised enhanced recovery programmes combined with minimally invasive surgical techniques has lead to reduction in length of stay, morbidity, costs, and improved outcomes. The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) society and its national chapters provide a means for sharing best practice in this field and developing evidence based guidelines. Research has highlighted persisting challenges with compliance as well as ensuring the effectiveness and sustainability of ERAS. There is also a growing need for increasingly personalised care programmes as well as complex geriatric assessment of frailer patients. Continuous collection of outcome and process data combined with machine learning, offers a potentially powerful solution to delivering bespoke care pathways and optimising individual management. Long-term data from ERAS programmes remain scarce and further evaluation of functional recovery and quality of life is required.
Effect of the methanol extract of the red cultivar Allium cepa L. on the serum biochemistry and electrolytes of rats following sub-chronic oral administration
Authors: Oyewusi Adeoye Joshua , Oridupa Olayinka A. , Saba Adebowale B. , Oyewusi Ibironke K. , Mshelbwala Musa F.
Published: December 2019

Background

In traditional medicine, Allium cepa Linnaeus is used for the treatment of several disease conditions. Whilst reports abound on the effects of several cultivars of A. cepa L on biochemical parameters, similar information on the red cultivar is scarce. This study examines the effects of the methanol extract of the red cultivar A. cepa L on some serum biochemical parameters in experimental Wistar rats.

Materials and methods

Fifty-five Wistar rats were divided into three groups (A, B and C), which include 25, 25 and 5 rats, respectively. The rats in Groups A and B were sub-divided into 5 groups of 5 rats. Each rat was administered a certain dose of methanol extract of the red cultivar A. cepa L for 14 days (Group A) or 28 days (Group B). Group C rats served as the control and were administered with distilled water (10 mL/kg).

Results

A. cepa L administration resulted in dyslipidaemia, hyponatremia, hypokalaemia and hyperchloraemia; a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in hepatic enzymes and a significant (p < 0.05) increase in serum bicarbonate, bilirubin and its fractions.

Conclusions

These biochemical results indicate that the excessive and prolonged medicinal consumption of A. cepa L products beyond 7 days may induce moderate hepatic injury and mild renal dysfunction and may complicate disease conditions, such as hypertension and diabetes. Thus, in order to minimize its toxic effects, it is recommended that A. cepa L products should not be used for more than seven consecutive days or beyond a dosage of 90 mg/kg.
The contemporary role and potential of pharmacist contribution for community health using social media
Authors: Hermansyah Andi , Sukorini Anila Impian , Asmani Fadli , Suwito Kandi Aryani , Rahayu Titik Puji
Published: December 2019

Background

Social media (SM) is everywhere, and it affects all aspects of life, including health care. This study aimed to identify pharmacist activity in SM and explore the potential for pharmacist contributions using SM.

Methods

Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted in four cities in Indonesia. The investigators collaborated with a local pharmacist association to select a wide range of pharmacists as participants. The discussions were audiotaped, transcribed, and thematically analyzed.

Results

Forty-one pharmacists participated in the FGDs. Four broad themes were identified: pharmacist use of SM, current initiatives using SM, public acceptance, and opportunities for role expansion. WhatsApp was the most used SM and had meaningful contribution to spread information and change a patient’s behavior. Participants used SM mainly for personal purposes, but when it came to pharmacy and health issues, they were among the first to be contacted by patients or to counter misleading information in SM. A number of participants actively used SM for health promotion in form of sharing health information, promoting use of medicines, providing drug reminders, and encouraging compliance to medication. The public had a high trust to information provided by pharmacists in SM. Although participants believed pharmacists can play a role in educating patients and influencing the health of the communities, they considered being active in SM as burdensome, time consuming, and potential for lawsuit.

Conclusions

SM has become a venue for pharmacists to improve the health of the people. Several unique features in SM may facilitate pharmacist contributions; however, whether pharmacists continue to undertake such initiative cannot be guaranteed.