bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Language assessment literacy: what do we need to learn, unlearn, and relearn?
Authors: Coombe Christine , Vafadar Hossein , Mohebbi Hassan
Published: May 2020

Recently, we have witnessed a growing interest in developing teachers’ language assessment literacy. The ever increasing demand for and use of assessment products and data by a more varied group of stakeholders than ever before, such as newcomers with limited assessment knowledge in the field, and the knowledge assessors need to possess (Stiggins, Phi Delta Kappa 72:534-539, 1991) directs an ongoing discussion on assessment literacy. The 1990 Standards for Teacher Competence in Educational Assessment of Students (AFT, NCME, & NEA, Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice 9:30-32, 1990) made a considerable contribution to this field of study. Following these Standards, a substantial number of for and against studies have been published on the knowledge base and skills for assessment literacy, assessment goals, the stakeholders, formative assessment and accountability contexts, and measures examining teacher assessment literacy levels. This paper elaborates on the nature of the language assessment literacy, its conceptual framework, the related studies on assessment literacy, and various components of teacher assessment literacy and their interrelationships. The discussions, which focus on what language teachers and testers need to learn, unlearn, and relearn, should develop a deep understanding of the work of teachers, teacher trainers, professional developers, stakeholders, teacher educators, and educational policymakers. Further, the outcome of the present paper can provide more venues for further research.
Applying dental implant therapy in patients with oral lichen planus: a review of literature
Authors: Razmara Farnoosh , Khayamzadeh Mina , Shabankare Ghazal
Published: May 2020

Lichen planus (LP) is a violent, paranormal inflammatory disease that can affect the skin or any lining of the mucous membrane. LPs are a branch of immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID) that collaborates with the function and structure of the immune system that are precipitated through various etiological infectious agents. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most common kinds of IMID. These traumas might limit the normal life of patients and, in some cases, can be treated spontaneously. In patients who are affected by OLP, the dental clinicians must be capable of the proper diagnosis of the disorder. Dental implants are progressively applied for the treatment of partial or complete edentulism. Implant rehabilitation in OLP patients is one of the main challenges for patients and dental clinicians. There is not enough knowledge about this condition, and also medical documents are limited. In this study, by conducting a comprehensive review of literature, we tried to collect related data around the safety and success rate of implant rehabilitation in patients who suffer from OLP disorder. There proved to be no relation between implant survival rate and OLP diseases, but it is proven that some factors such as bone quality and fracture resistance, parafunctional habits, and resection of the marginal mandible could powerfully affect it. For evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of applying implants in patients with OLP disorders, implementation of controlled studies is required.
Pneumomediastinum, Pneumothorax, Pneumoperitoneum, and Subcutaneous Emphysema Complicating Extubation of a Difficult Airway Using an Airway Exchange Catheter: Is Oxygen Insufflation Innocent?: A Case Report
Authors: Shehata Islam Mohammad , Hashim Reham Mustafa
Published: May 2020

Airway exchange catheter is a valuable tool where an airway is anticipated to be difficult to reintubate. We report a case of subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, pneumoperitoneum, and pneumothorax after extubation using an exchange catheter. There was an iatrogenic tracheal tear during airway management that filled the connected spaces with oxygen insufflation through the catheter. The management was prompt with reintubation and drainage of pneumothorax using intercostal cannula connected to underwater seal constructed from available equipment. The patient was ventilated for 2 days and then extubated without complications. Airway exchange catheter should be used cautiously with a low initial gas flow during extubation.
Maximum aerodynamic force production by the wandering glider dragonfly (Pantala flavescens, Libellulidae)
Authors: Su Guanting , Dudley Robert , Pan Tianyu , Zheng Mengzong , Peng Liansong , Li Qiushi
Published: May 2020

Maximum whole-body force production can influence behavioral outcomes for volant taxa, and may also be relevant to aerodynamic optimization in microair vehicles. Here, we describe a new method for measuring maximum force production in free-flying animals, and present associated data for the wandering glider dragonfly. Flight trajectories were repeatedly acquired from pull-up responses by insects dropped in mid-air with submaximal loads attached beneath the center of body mass. Forces were estimated from calculations of the maximum time-averaged acceleration through time, and multiple estimates were obtained per individual so as to statistically facilitate approximation of maximum capacity through use of the Weibull distribution. On a group level, wandering glider dragonflies are here estimated to be capable of producing total aerodynamic force equal to ∼4.3 times their own body weight, a value which significantly exceeds earlier estimates made for load-lifting dragonflies, and also for other volant taxa in sustained vertical load-lifting experiments. Maximum force production varied isometrically with body mass. Falling and recovery flight with submaximal load represents a new context for evaluating limits to force production by flying animals.
Effect of ambient temperature on sleep breathing phenotype in mice: the role of orexins
Authors: Berteotti Chiara , Lo Martire Viviana , Alvente Sara , Bastianini Stefano , Matteoli Gabriele , Silvani Alessandro , Zoccoli Giovanna
Published: May 2020

The loss of orexinergic neurons, releasing orexins, results in narcolepsy. Orexins participate in the regulation of many physiological functions, and their role as wake-promoting molecules has been widely described. Less is known about the involvement of orexins in body temperature and respiratory regulation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether orexin peptides modulate respiratory regulation as a function of ambient temperature (T°a) during different sleep stages. Respiratory phenotype of male orexin knockout (KO-ORX, n=9) and wild-type (WT, n=8) mice was studied at thermoneutrality (T°a=30°C) or during mild cold exposure (T°a=20°C) inside a whole-body plethysmography chamber. The states of wakefulness (W), non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (NREMS) and rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS) were scored non-invasively, using a previously validated technique. Both in WT and KO-ORX mice T°a strongly and significantly affected ventilatory period and minute ventilation values during NREMS and REMS; moreover, the occurrence rate of sleep apneas in NREMS was significantly reduced at T°a=20°C compared to T°a=30°C. Overall, there were no differences in respiratory regulation during sleep between WT and KO-ORX mice, except for sigh occurrence rate, which was significantly increased at T°a=20°C with respect to T°a =30°C in WT mice, but not in KO-ORX mice. These results do not support a main role for orexin peptides in the temperature-dependent modulation of respiratory regulation during sleep. However, we showed that the occurrence rate of sleep apneas critically depends on T°a, without any significant effect of orexin peptides.
Hypoxia acclimation alters reactive oxygen species homeostasis and oxidative status in estuarine killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus)
Authors: Borowiec Brittney G. , Scott Graham R.
Published: May 2020

Hypoxia is common in aquatic environments, and exposure to hypoxia followed by reoxygenation is often believed to induce oxidative stress. However, there have been relatively few studies of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and oxidative status in fish that experience natural hypoxia-reoxygenation cycles. We examined how exposure to acute hypoxia (2 kPa O2) and subsequent reoxygenation (to 20 kPa O2) affects redox status, oxidative damage, and antioxidant defenses in estuarine killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus), and whether these effects were ameliorated or potentiated by prolonged (28 day) acclimation to either constant hypoxia or intermittent cycles of nocturnal hypoxia (12 h normoxia: 12 h hypoxia). Acute hypoxia and reoxygenation led to some modest and transient changes in redox status, increases in oxidized glutathione, depletion of scavenging capacity, and oxidative damage to lipids in the skeletal muscle. The liver had greater scavenging capacity, total glutathione concentrations, and activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase) than the muscle, and generally experienced less variation in glutathiones and lipid peroxidation. Unexpectedly, acclimation to constant hypoxia or intermittent hypoxia led to a more oxidizing redox status (muscle and liver) and it increased oxidized glutathione (muscle). However, hypoxia acclimated fish exhibited little to no oxidative damage (as reflected by lipid peroxidation and aconitase activity), in association with improvements in scavenging capacity and catalase activity in muscle. We conclude that hypoxia acclimation leads to adjustments in ROS homeostasis and oxidative status that do not reflect oxidative stress but may instead be part of the suite of responses that killifish use to cope with chronic hypoxia.
Pygmy mouse songs reveal anatomical innovations underlying acoustic signal elaboration in rodents
Authors: Riede Tobias , Pasch Bret
Published: May 2020

Elaborate animal communication displays are often accompanied by morphological and physiological innovations. In rodents, acoustic signals used in reproductive contexts are produced by two distinct mechanisms, but the underlying anatomy that facilitates such divergence is poorly understood. ‘Audible’ vocalizations with spectral properties between 500 Hz and 16 kHz are thought to be produced by flow-induced vocal fold vibrations, whereas ‘ultrasonic’ vocalizations with fundamental frequencies above 19 kHz are produced by an aerodynamic whistle mechanism. Baiomyine mice (genus Baiomys and Scotinomys) produce complex frequency modulated songs that span these traditional distinctions and represent important models to understand the evolution of signal elaboration. We combined acoustic analyses of spontaneously vocalizing northern pygmy mice (B. taylori) mice in air and light gas atmosphere with morphometric analyses of their vocal apparatus to infer the mechanism of vocal production. Increased fundamental frequencies in heliox indicated that pygmy mouse songs are produced by an aerodynamic whistle mechanism supported by the presence of a ventral pouch and alar cartilage. Comparative analyses of the larynx and ventral pouch size among four additional ultrasonic whistle-producing rodents indicate that the unusually low ‘ultrasonic’ frequencies (relative to body size) of pygmy mice songs are associated with an enlarged ventral pouch. Additionally, mice produced shorter syllables while maintaining intersyllable interval duration, thereby increasing syllable repetition rates. We conclude that while laryngeal anatomy sets the foundation for vocal frequency range, variation and adjustment of central vocal motor control programs fine tunes spectral and temporal characters to promote acoustic diversity within and between species.
SCHEME FOR PROCESSING INDUSTRIAL HEMP INTO THE SAME TYPE FIBER
Authors: Basova Natalya , Novikov Eduard , Bezbabchenko Aleksandr , Khomitov Abuali , Poselenov Dmitriy
Published: May 2020

Industrial hemp as a source of fiber is a valuable industrial raw material. In modern conditions, the lines of its primary processing should produce the same type of fiber with different characteristics, depending on the requirements for the properties of the finished fiber. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the scheme for processing industrial hemp based on the characteristics of hemp. Five primary processing lines were compared, including domestic flax equipment (M-110L2 grinding machine, DLV-2 disintegrators, and TG-135L shaker machines with a lower comb field). As raw materials the industrial hemp from Penza region, harvested in the spring, was used. The mass of one handful is 100 g, the loading density is 0.5 kg/m, the twist is three times. Raw materials were loaded into each machine manually. After primary processing by instrumental methods, hemp grade and characteristics were determined according to GOST 9993-2014. The scheme of the line for primary processing of industrial hemp in the form of tangled mass of stems of various lengths, which allows the production of the same type of hemp with different values of technological characteristics, has been developed. For the production of the same type of hemp with an average mass length of fiber 142 ... 144 mm, a mass fraction of bonfire of 1.6 ... 2.2%, a weighted average linear density of 11 ... 12 tex, the line should include a pulping machine, a disintegrator, two shaking machines; with characteristics respectively 235 mm, 7 ... 8% and 12 ... 13 tex - a disintegrator and two shaking machines; 219 mm and 15 ... 16%, 18 ... 19 tex - pulley and two shaking machines. Using the studied set of equipment provides a reduction in capital costs, in comparison with the lines of other manufacturers, by 3 ... 4 times, energy costs - up to 40%
OPTIMAL LIGHTING CONCEPT AND MODELING OF THE LIGHTING SYSTEMS
Authors: Voronkova Aleksandra , Zuev Sergey
Published: May 2020

The paper aims to determine in the most General form the optimal lighting system of a given object. Optimality of the system is understood as its closest compliance with regulatory requirements in combination with the lowest cost of ownership. The specified task is formalized and as strictly as possible put from the point of view of the system analysis. An algorithm is constructed for modeling and designing an optimal lighting system based on the solution of the problem by the methods of decision theory, as well as using the Digital Twin technology. With the help of the created algorithm, the lighting system of an office space is considered as an example, optimized and compared with the current one, then the economic efficiency of the optimization is considered. Application of results of work is possible at creation of expert systems of design of optimum lighting, the analysis of efficiency of the available lighting systems, and also at design of new lighting systems.
METHODS OF RELIABILITY CONTROL IN CHIP DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Zolnikov Konstantin , Evdokimova Svetlana , Skvortsova Tatyana , Gridnev A.
Published: May 2020

The article considers the issues of reliability control in the development of chips. A reliability control scheme is provided for analyzing the States of major elements and accounting for failures. The paper describes the rejection tests, the sequence of their conduct, as well as the results of the analysis of methods and conditions of testing
Simulation training of interns-pediatricians: assessment and stabilization of urgent conditions in neonatology
Authors: Kolyubakina L. V. , Khilchevska V. S.
Published: May 2020

The article presents the results of applying stimulation technology in basic training of interns on specialty “Pediatrics” on giving urgent aid in case of neonatal asphyxia.  Objective: to analyze the efficacy of introducing the elements of simulation training of interns on specialty “Pediatrics” at the Department of Pediatrics and Children Infectious Diseases, Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine “Bukovinian State Medical University”.   Materials and methods. The authors share their experience in introducing approaches to assessment and stabilization of condition of a neonate with severe asphyxia applying simulation methods of training.  Results. The interns admitted a high efficacy of simultaneous learning theoretical material and mastering practical skills on a simulation mannequin. The results of testing in “KROK-3” frame were found to be higher after simulation practice and its discussion (on an average 80,5% in comparison with 72,2% before training).Conclusions. In training interns’ skills of urgent aid given to neonates both clinical protocols developed on the evidence-based principals and modern simulation technologies are reasonable to be used.
State-public administration of education as the main direction of democratization
Authors: Shorobura Inna
Published: May 2020

Public administration of the education system is a productive activity of the society, which contains an active manifestation of civic position, social initiative and social responsibility in the management of the education system.The purpose of the article is to emphasize the issues of state-public administration of education as the main direction of democratization in the field of education. There are three levels of state administration in the educational sphere: the national level; regional level; district level.
Deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease - the review
Authors: Jasielski Patryk Piotr , Piędel Faustyna , Szumna Klaudia , Madras Dominika , Rocka Agata
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder and is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease. The clinical features are associated with motor symptoms: tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia with postural instability. PD is also associated with many non-motor symptoms, and these often precede the motor symptoms by years or even decades. In general, treatment is based on usage of medicaments which increase a level of dopamine. Surgical therapy is reserved for more advanced cases. Objective: To review currently available data on PubMed about a surgical treatment of Parkinson’s disease and future prospects. Abbreviated description of the state of knowledge: Surgical therapy is typically reserved for bradykinesia, rigidity and tremor in patients who no longer respond to medication in a predictable manner or who suffer medication-induced dyskinesias. Currently, the most common surgical treatment for Parkinson's disease is deep brain stimulation (DBS). Ablative procedures like radiofrequency, radiosurgery and focused ultrasound are also utilized for select tremor symptoms. We also analyzed future prospects including cells transplantation. DBS decreases a level of disability, depression and increases quality of life. It should to take under consideration in early as well as advanced PD. Conclusions: PD is still incurable, however both pharmacological and surgical treatment can stifle the progression of disease for years and increase quality of life. New methods of treatment are promising. However, the further research about possible therapy is required.
Factors affecting human health in the modern world
Authors: Fortunka Kamila Bożena
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroduction: The physical well-being of man and society as a whole depends on many interrelated factors. Recently, increased interest in health and its determinants is a response to the growing pace of people's lives. Increasingly, society puts health first, which makes us a community of health. Lifestyle accounts for about 60% of health potential. The broadly understood human lifestyle, and, consequently, the state of health conditioned by it, is determined by many factors that can be subject to various modifications and changes. They usually include procedures, stimuli, and responses obtained during socialization.Objective: The goal was to present and characterize factors that directly and indirectly affect human health in the modern world. These factors cause a favorable or unfavorable state of human health.Material and methods: The literature has been analyzed. Books and magazine articles were used.Conclusions: A way of providing healthcare using the ward for its internal state, physical activity, and then create very important health behaviors. An effective method of minimizing health disparities is health education, and the role is to invest in the evolution of health values in the modern world. Do not respect the contract related to a healthy lifestyle, i.e. any negative action, contributes to the risk of civilian disease.Keywords: health, health determinants, health behaviors, lifestyle.
What do we know about sugar substitutes?
Authors: Majewski Maciej , Chruścicka Izabela , Buchta Justyna , Egierska Dominika , Burzyńska Paulina , Pietruszka Paulina , Perszke Michał , Całkosiński Aleksander
Published: May 2020

Sweeteners are widespread primarily in the food industry. An attractive alternative to sugar. Their prevalence was driven primarily by food shortage during the war. The intense sweetener is permitted for consumption by specifying the ratio of ADI. Due to the chemical structure stands out semi-synthetic and synthetic substances. The most common sweeteners are saccharin, acesulfame-K, steviol glycosides, aspartame, xylitol. Sweet taste is guaranteed've been using a minimum amount of their low calorie. The aim of this review was to decribe the most common sweeteners The article emphasizes both advantages and diadvantages of sucrose's substitutes intake.
Assessment of adaptive changes under the influence of applied recreational training in men based on cardiorespiratory selected parameters
Authors: Stanaszek Monika , Fortuna Małgorzata
Published: May 2020

Introduction:Systematic physical activity contributes to the development of adptive changes in the human body.Purpose of the work:The aim of the study was: To assess adaptive changes under the influence of recreational training used in men based on selected parameters.Material and method:53 men aged 45 (± 6) years were examined. The tests were performed at the beginning and end of training lasting 18 weeks. Men undertook systematic training three times a week. The training units lasted 1.5 hours, the work performed was continuous, mainly based on oxygen metabolism with elements of anaerobic effort.BMI, HR, RR, VC, TV, IRV, ERV, IC and the difference in chest circumferences between inspiration and exhalation were assessed in the subjects.  Results:Average values were obtained: BMI 26 (± 2), there was no difference in measured chest circumferences before and after the training period. The measured RR values showed a significant statistical difference for diastolic pressure. Diastolic pressure decreased by 4 mmHg at significance level p = 0.000. The mean HR measured before and after the training period showed constant values of 68 (± 11) bpm. Similarly, the VC average showed no change. A significant decrease in the ERV parameter was noted for p = 0.03. The average value of ERV, IRV, TV measured before and after the training period did not show significant differences. A significant difference was observed during the IC measurement, where this parameter increased its value at the significance level p = 0.02.Conclusions:Adaptive changes and their trends depend on the type of physical training used.

Not every type of systematic training used for 18 weeks will cause significant adaptive changes.
A Behavioral Characterization of the Drift Diffusion Model and Its Multialternative Extension for Choice Under Time Pressure
Authors: Baldassi Carlo , Cerreia-Vioglio Simone , Maccheroni Fabio , Marinacci Massimo , Pirazzini Marco
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we provide an axiomatic foundation for the value-based version of the drift diffusion model (DDM) of Ratcliff, a successful model that describes two-alternative speeded decisions between consumer goods. Our axioms present a test for model misspecification and connect the externally observable properties of choice with an important neurophysiologic account of how choice is internally implemented. We then extend our axiomatic analysis to multialternative choice under time pressure. In a nutshell, we show that binary DDM comparisons of the alternatives, paired with Markovian exploration of the consideration set, approximately lead to softmaximization.

This paper was accepted by Manel Baucells, decision analysis.
Pandemia de Covid-19 e o uso racional de equipamentos de proteção individual [Covid-19 pandemic and rational use of personal protective equipment] [Pandemia de Covid-19 y uso racional de equipos de protección personal]
Authors: Soares Samira Silva Santos , Souza Norma Valéria Dantas de Oliveira , Silva Karla Gualberto , César Márcia Peixoto , Souto Jaqueline Da Silva Soares , Leite Jandra Cibele Rodrigues de Abrantes Pereira
Published: May 2020

Objetivo:descrever as recomendações sobre o uso racional e seguro dos equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI) no transcorrer da cadeia assistencial de pessoas com suspeita ou confirmação de contaminação pelo novo coronavírus. Conteúdo: o novo coronavírus é responsável pela doença Covid-19, e dentre as pessoas com maior risco de desenvolver a infecção estão os trabalhadores de saúde, devido ao contato muito próximo a pacientes. Desse modo, a utilização de EPI é recomendação prioritária a estes trabalhadores. Todavia, em função do desabastecimento internacional e nacional relacionado a estes equipamentos, o uso racional é fundamental a fim de evitar que o impacto do desabastecimento seja ainda maior. Conclusão: o uso de EPI é indispensável aos trabalhadores de saúde durante a pandemia de Covid-19, contudo, é imprescindível coordenar a cadeia de fornecimento destes insumos, implementar estratégias que minimizem a necessidade de EPI e garantir o uso de maneira adequada.
Effect of Combined Traditional Acupuncture and Applied Kinesiology on Lumbar Diseases
Authors: Ahn Chang Beohm , Lee Sang-Ju , Park Yeo Bin , Park Yun Leong
Published: May 2020

Background: Several Korean medical doctors have been practicing applied kinesiology (AK), invented in 1964 by Dr. George J Goodheart, USA. Although the efficacy of traditional acupuncture (TA) and pharmacopucture treatment for lumbar conditions/diseases has been examined, the possible benefits of combining TA and AK have not been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to report the effects of combining TA and AK treatment for lumbar disorders using the Japanese Orthopedic Association lumbar score (JOALS) assessment.Methods: There were 21 outpatients treated at Samse Korean Traditional Hospital between March 2018 and September 2018, who presented with L4/L5 or L5/S1 root radiculopathy associated with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) and lumbar herniation of intervertebral disk (LHID). They were treated 10×(2 sessions per week, for 5 weeks) with TA and AK approaches that included a category block, manipulation or strain/counterstrain treatments. The primary outcome was mainly assessed using the JOALS score which was used before (0 ×), during (5 ×), and after treatment (10 ×).Results: There were 19 patients diagnosed with LSS and 2 were diagnosed with LHID. Using the JOALS assessment, TA and AK combined approaches improved the lumbar conditions of all 21 patients after 5 × treatmentsand continued to improve after 10 × treatments (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Combined TA and AK treatment was effective in treating spinal conditions/diseases. Prospective, relevant, well-controlled protocols for TA and AK therapies for various conditions are needed.
Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Gyebutang Granules Combined with Acupuncture for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: Protocol for a Multicenter, Randomized, Assessor-blinded, 2-armed Parallel, Controlled Trial
Authors: Lee Cham-Kyul , Kang Ha-Ra , Lee Yeon-Sun , Sung Won-Suk , Lim Chi-Yeon , Jung Chan-Yung , Kim Eun-Jung , Seo Byung-Kwan , Baek Yong-Hyeon , Kim Kyung-Ho , Lee Eun-Young
Published: May 2020

Background: Due to the aging population in Korea, knee osteoarthritis (KOA) has become an increasingly common condition. Many patients with KOA prefer analgesics, herbal medicines, acupuncture, or exercise, rather than arthroscopic surgery or a knee replacement. Gyebutang (GB) granules are a herbal extract widely used to treat KOA in traditional Korean medicine, but there is insufficient evidence of its efficacy and safety.Methods: A multicenter, randomized, assessor-blinded, 2-armed parallel, controlled clinical trial has been designed to investigate the efficacy and safety of GB combined with acupuncture for the treatment of KOA. There will be 100 patients with KOA enrolled in the study from 3 traditional Korean medicine hospitals. The participants will be randomly allocated to an experimental group (GB and acupuncture) or a control group (celecoxib and acupuncture) in a 1:1 ratio. Both groups will receive acupuncture treatment once a week for 6 weeks; one group will receive GB and the other will receive celecoxib for the same duration.Results: The primary outcome will be the change of knee osteoarthritic pain, based on scores on a 100 mm visual analog scale. The secondary outcomes will be scores on a numeric rating scale, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index, patient global assessment, European quality of life 5-dimension 5-level scale, and adverse events.
Conclusion: The results of this study will provide evidence of efficacy and safety of GB as a treatment for patients with KOA.
Mode-division multiplexed transmission of wavelength-division multiplexing signals over a 100-km single-span orbital angular momentum fiber
Authors: Zhang Junwei , Liu Junyi , Shen Lei , Zhang Lei , Luo Jie , Liu Jie , Yu Siyuan
Published: May 2020

We experimentally demonstrate mode-division multiplexed (MDM) transmission using eight orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes over a single span of 100-km low-attenuation and low-crosstalk ring-core fiber (RCF). Each OAM mode channel carries 10 wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) signal channels in the C band, with each WDM channel in turn transmitting 16-GBaud quadrature phase-shift keying signal. An aggregate capacity of 2.56 Tbit/s and an overall spectral efficiency of 10.24 bit/(s · Hz) are realized. The capacity-distance product of 256 (Tbit/s) · km is the largest reported so far for OAM fiber communications systems to the best of our knowledge. Exploiting the low crosstalk between the OAM mode groups in the RCF, the scheme only requires the use of modular4×4multiple-input multiple-output processing, and it can therefore be scaled up in the number of MDM channels without increasing the complexity of signal processing.
IdRef, Paprika and Qualinka. A toolbox for authority data quality and interoperability
Authors: Provost Aline Le , Nicolas Yann
Published: May 2020

Authority data has always been at the core of library catalogues. Today, authority data is reference data on a wider scale. The former authorities of the “Sudoc” union catalogue mutated into “IdRef”, a read/write platform of open data and services which seeks to become a national supplier of reliable identifiers for French universities. To support their dissemination and comply with high quality standards, Paprika and Qualinka have been added to our toolbox, to expedite the massive and secure linking of scientific publications to IdRef authorities.
Universitätsbibliotheken heute. Partner im Forschungsdatenmanagement in der Praxis
Authors: Strauch Annette
Published: May 2020

Die Verwaltung und das Bewahren von Forschungsdaten gehören zu den Themen, denen sich Forschende innerhalb eines digital gestützten Forschungsprozesses stellen müssen. Digitale Werkzeuge und elektronische Arbeitsabläufe gehören für Forschende zum Arbeiten dazu, und das nicht nur in den Digital Humanities oder im Bereich des Maschinellen Lernens. Eine erfolgreiche Umsetzung eines Forschungsdatenmanagements und das Schreiben von Datenmanagementplänen durch Universitätsbibliotheken und ihre forschungsnahen Dienste, basieren auf konkreten Unterstützungsmaßnahmen. Bibliotheken geben Hilfestellungen und finden Antworten auf Fragen technischer Art. Der Artikel beschreibt verschiedene Schulungsveranstaltungen.
Limit of 𝑝-Laplacian obstacle problems
Authors: Capitanelli Raffaela , Vivaldi Maria Agostina
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we study asymptotic behavior of solutions to obstacle problems for p-Laplacians as

p
→
∞

{p\to\infty}

.
For the one-dimensional case and for the radial case, we give an explicit expression of the limit.
In the n-dimensional case, we provide sufficient conditions to assure the uniform convergence of the whole family of the solutions of obstacle problems either for data f that change sign in Ω or for data f (that do not change sign in Ω) possibly vanishing in a set of positive measure.
Disentangling Cartesian Global Skepticism from Cartesian Problematic External-World Idealism in Kant’s Refutation
Authors: Pereira Roberto Horácio de Sá
Published: May 2020

Kant’s Refutation targets what he calls the problematic idealist. This is understood by the mainstream of Kantian scholarship as the global skeptic that Descartes briefly adumbrated in his first Meditation. The widespread view in the literature is that the fate of the Refutation is tied to its success as an argument against this Cartesian global skepticism. This consensus is what I want to question in this paper. I argue that Kant’s opponent – the problematic idealist – is not the Cartesian global skeptic, but rather what I prefer to call here the Cartesian problematic external-world idealist. According to Cartesian global skepticism we cannot know whether our commonsensical beliefs are true until we rule out the skeptical hypotheses are false. In contrast, the Cartesian external-world idealist sees as problematic the assumption that the underlying nature of outer things of which we have ideas is mind-independent rather than caused by our own thinking being. My aim here is to disentangle Cartesian global skepticism from Cartesian problematic external-word idealism and show that, if measured against global skepticism, Kant’s Refutation is doomed to fail; while against problematic idealism, it is at least a promising argument.
The Impact of Auditor Specialization and Banks’ Listing Status on Earnings Management in Vietnamese Commercial Banks
Authors: Le Ha Thi Thu
Published: May 2020

This study investigates the impact of auditor specialization and listing status on earnings management in Vietnamese commercial banks. Discretionary loan loss provisions (LLP) is used as a proxy for earnings management. Based on a sample of 21 banks in the period 2008–2017, the findings show that: First, auditor specialization does not have a significant impact on constraining earnings management in the banks. Second, listed banks engage more in earnings management. In addition, listed banks report more income-increasing LLP, while non-listed banks report more income-decreasing LLP. The results are consistent with a number of prior studies that find no evidence of specialist auditors curtailing earnings management, and listed firms participating more in managing income. The results have important implications for government authorities in improving the legal framework over the preparation of banks’ financial statements, including revision of the accounting standards and alignment of the accounting standards with other banking regulations.
Strong Maximum Principle for Some Quasilinear Dirichlet Problems Having Natural Growth Terms
Authors: Boccardo Lucio , Orsina Luigi
Published: May 2020

In this paper, dedicated to Laurent Veron, we prove that the Strong Maximum Principle holds for solutions of some quasilinear elliptic equations having lower order terms with quadratic growth with respect to the gradient of the solution.
High Multiplicity and Chaos for an Indefinite Problem Arising from Genetic Models
Authors: Boscaggin Alberto , Feltrin Guglielmo , Sovrano Elisa
Published: May 2020

We deal with the periodic boundary value problem associated with the parameter-dependent second-order nonlinear differential equation

u
′′

+

c
⁢

u
′

+

(

λ
⁢

a
+

⁢

(
x
)

-

μ
⁢

a
-

⁢

(
x
)

)

⁢
g
⁢

(
u
)

=
0

,

u^{\prime\prime}+cu^{\prime}+\bigl{(}\lambda a^{+}(x)-\mu a^{-}(x)\bigr{)}g(u)% =0,

where

λ
,
μ

>
0

{\lambda,\mu>0}

are parameters,

c
∈
ℝ

{c\in\mathbb{R}}

,

a
⁢

(
x
)

{a(x)}

is a locally integrable P-periodic sign-changing weight function, and

g
:

[
0
,
1
]

→
ℝ

{g\colon{[0,1]}\to\mathbb{R}}

is a continuous function such that

g
⁢

(
0
)

=

g
⁢

(
1
)

=
0

{g(0)=g(1)=0}

,

g
⁢

(
u
)

>
0

{g(u)>0}

for all

u
∈
]
0
,
1
[

{u\in{]0,1[}}

, with superlinear growth at zero. A typical example for

g
⁢

(
u
)

{g(u)}

, that is of interest in population genetics, is the logistic-type nonlinearity

g
⁢

(
u
)

=

u
2

⁢

(

1
-
u

)

{g(u)=u^{2}(1-u)}

. Using a topological degree approach, we provide high multiplicity results by exploiting the nodal behavior of

a
⁢

(
x
)

{a(x)}

. More precisely, when m is the number of intervals of positivity of

a
⁢

(
x
)

{a(x)}

in a P-periodicity interval, we prove the existence of

3
m

-
1

{3^{m}-1}

non-constant positive P-periodic solutions, whenever the parameters λ and μ are positive and large enough. Such a result extends to the case of subharmonic solutions. Moreover, by an approximation argument, we show the existence of a family of globally defined solutions with a complex behavior, coded by (possibly non-periodic) bi-infinite sequences of three symbols.
Modification of Ti6Al4V surface properties by combined DLW-DLIP hierarchical micro-nano structuring
Authors: Ocaña José L. , Huerta-Murillo Daniel , Lasagni Andrés Fabián , Aguilar-Morales Alfredo Ismael , Alamri Sabri , Cardoso Jose T. , García-Beltrán Angel , Cordovilla Francisco , Angulo Ignacio
Published: May 2020

The use of pulsed laser irradiation techniques has proven to be a clearly effective procedure for the achievement of surface properties modification via micro-/nano-structuration, different conceptual approaches having been the subject of research and extensively reported in the literature. Completing the broad spectrum of applications developed mostly involving the generation of structured surfaces (particularly of metallic materials) with specific contact, friction and wear functionalities, the application of laser sources to the surface structuration of metal surfaces for the modification of their wetability and corrosion resistance properties is considered. The particular problems found for the generation of the appropriate surface microstructure able to replicate the hydrophobic behaviour of some live structures present in nature, their long term stability and their amenability to macroscopic scale are discussed along with innovative methods to generate the required hierarchical micro-/nano-structures by a combination of the DLW and DLIP techniques.
Erstellung und Management von Informationsmodellen für bestehende Produktionssysteme
Authors: Schmied Sebastian , Großmann Daniel , Mueller Ralph K. , Mathias Selvine G. , Jumar Ulrich
Published: May 2020

Fertigungssysteme unterliegen aufgrund von Änderungen an Produkt und Prozess einem ständigen Wandel. Besonders in älteren Systemen besteht deshalb zwischen den einzelnen Arbeitsschritten nur eine begrenzte Durchgängigkeit von Daten. Digitalisierung und Schaffung von Interoperabilität zwischen den einzelnen am Fertigungsprozess beteiligten Einheiten kann die Produktivität und Qualität des Produktionsprozesses steigern und somit seine Kosten verringern. Die Grundlage dazu ist ein einheitliches Informationsmodell. Im Folgenden wird ein methodisches Vorgehen zur Erstellung und Validierung von Informationsmodellen sowie ein Ansatz zum Management von Informationsmodellen vorgestellt. Das Vorgehen wird anhand eines durchgehenden Beispiels erläutert.
Ein integriertes Kraftstoffverbrauchs- und Fahrtenkettenmodell für Nutzfahrzeuge in Deutschland
Authors: Kaiser Alexander
Published: May 2020

Um die Treibhausgasemissionen von Nutzfahrzeugen kurzfristig zu reduzieren, stellen nicht-technische Maßnahmen, wie zum Beispiel das Fahren mit reduzierter Höchstgeschwindigkeit auf Autobahnen, eine Option dar. Obwohl dadurch der Kraftstoffverbrauch gesenkt werden kann, sind aus betriebswirtschaftlicher Perspektive auch die unmittelbaren Auswirkungen auf die Einsatzzeiten der Fahrzeuge und des Fahrpersonals zu berücksichtigen. Dementsprechend wird in dieser Dissertation ein integriertes Modell entwickelt, das aus einem physikbasierten Kraftstoffverbrauchsmodell und einem logistisch-betriebswirtschaftlichen Fahrtenkettenmodell zusammengesetzt ist. Damit werden die jeweils resultierenden Mehr- oder Minderkosten von verschiedenen Tempolimits (z. B. 70 km/h auf Autobahnen) für Nutzfahrzeuge im deutschen Straßengüterverkehr berechnet, um die Wirtschaftlichkeit der Maßnahme und deren Kosteneffizienz bezüglich der vermeidbaren Treibhausgasemissionen (in Euro je Tonne

CO

2

{\mathrm{CO}_{2}}

) zu bestimmen.
Reverse Bayesianism: A Generalization
Authors: Karni Edi , Valenzuela-Stookey Quitzé , Vierø Marie-Louise
Published: May 2020

This paper studies an environment in which a decision maker choosing between acts may initially be unaware of certain consequences. We follow the approach of Karni and Vierø (2013) to modeling increasing awareness, which allows for the decision maker's state space to expand as she becomes aware of new possible consequences. We generalize the main result in Karni and Vierø (2013) by allowing the discovery of new consequences to nullify some states that were non-null before the discovery. We also provide alternative assumptions which strengthen the predictions of the belief updating model.
Work in progress: Die langen Schatten der NS-Vergangenheit
Authors: Werner Margot
Published: May 2020

Die Österreichische Nationalbibliothek hat 2003 ein Projekt zu Erfassung von nach wie vor in ihren Beständen lagerndem Raubgut aus der NS-Zeit initiiert. 52 403 Werke wurden nach zweijährigen Recherchen als bedenkliche Erwerbungen eingestuft und werden seither, nach entsprechenden Beschlüssen des österreichischen Kunstrückgabebeirats, an die Erben der Geschädigten übergeben. Die Rückstellungen sind weit fortgeschritten, über 49 000 Objekte wurden bereits restituiert.

Daneben ist die Österreichische Nationalbibliothek um größtmögliche Transparenz hinsichtlich ihrer NS-Vergangenheit bemüht: Zwei Ausstellungen und zahlreiche Publikationen zum Thema sowie eine lückenlose Erschließung und Öffnung des hauseigenen Archivs zeichnen ein Bild der Vorgänge in der NS-Zeit, der Restitutionen in der Nachkriegszeit sowie der aktuellen Recherchen und geben damit der Öffentlichkeit Einblick in ein dunkles Kapitel der nationalen Gedächtnisinstitution.
Bessarionea
Authors: Monfasani John
Published: May 2020

1. Date of birth once again. 2. The name of Bessarion’s mother was Theodora. 3. A retraction: B. Venetus was not Bessarion Venetus.
汉语语态系统的线性模型及全景式语法教学模式构想
Authors: 燕梅 柳
Published: May 2020

提要

本文根据汉语学习者对把字句和被动句的习得现象，检视语态句式在对外汉语教学中的问题，以本体研究成果为基础对语态句式进行梳理和总结。首先，通过与以主动宾为顺序的普通句对比，得出了把字句的语法意义、句法条件和语用规则。语义上，把字句是有标记的强式主动句，完整叙述了施事对受事从起点经动作到结点强式改变的动态过程，是对整个动态过程的语言模拟。句法上，把字句的动词要有改变转换功能的词汇意义，受事改变前后的起点和结点必须同现于动词前后，动词和补语部分必须满足受事改变后的完结状态。语用上，说话人可以根据语态意义的表达程度、语体风格、语用功能以及表达焦点来选择把字句或普通句。其次，本文提出汉语的语态范畴系统是一个在语法意义、句法形式和语用选择上都对称的线性模型：强式主动←一般主动↔一般被动→强式被动，并用图表对模型解释说明。这个模型认为，汉语的主动和被动语态各有两种句式表达了不同程度的语态意义，强式或一般；语态意义的强弱由相应的句法标记来表达。四种句式在句法结构和语态意义上具有对应相关性，在语用选择上具有互补关联性。最后，本文提出在对外汉语教学中采用“全景式”的教学模式，即教授一个语法点时，通过简要介绍完整的范畴系统来提供个体语法点的背景信息，帮助学习者更清楚地认识和理解这个语法点。并建议教学语法应以微观的本体研究成果为基础，多开展宏观研究，整理和归纳各语法范畴的系统。
Evaluation of a turbidimetric C-reactive protein assay to monitor early-onset neonatal sepsis in South Kivu (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Authors: Mulinganya Guy , Balolebwami Serge , Zigabe Serge , Mongane Jules , Nianci Isia , Burume Adrien , Hendwa Erick , Kampara Freddy , Maheshe Ghislain , Sadiki Kishabongo Antoine , Bisimwa Ghislain , Cools Piet , Speeckaert Marijn , Callens Steven , Delanghe Joris
Published: May 2020

Objectives

Neonatal sepsis, a condition defined as bacteremia within the first month of life accompanied by signs of systemic infection, is the most preventable cause of infant mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite the development of new infection markers, C-reactive protein (CRP) is the most extensively studied acute phase reactant so far and the preferred index in many neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The aim of the present study was to evaluate an affordable, non-commercial turbidimetric CRP assay for monitoring early-onset neonatal sepsis (EOS).

Methods

A total of 148 neonates admitted at the NICU of the Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu to diagnose and to monitor EOS were enrolled in the study. CRP was assayed using a functional turbidimetric assay based on the interaction of CRP with phosphocholine containing particles (Intralipid®).

Results

In total, 62/148 (41.9%) cases were identified as blood culture-proven EOS. Different serum CRP slopes were observed among the different birth weight categories. Moreover, the serum (CRP 48 h–CRP 12 h) difference and the birth weight predicted the outcome of these septic newborns.

Conclusions

Our turbidimetric CRP assay is a potential novel tool that can be used in the management of EOS in sub-Saharan Africa. The simplicity of the assay and the extremely low price make the CRP method very well suited for developing countries.
Synthesis and characterization of calcium carbonate whisker from yellow phosphorus slag
Authors: Chen Qiuju , Ding Wenjin , Peng Tongjiang , Sun Hongjuan
Published: May 2020

In this study, a procedure for producing calcium carbonate whisker through yellow
phosphorus slag carbonation without adding any crystal control agents was proposed.
The influence of process parameters on the crystal phase and morphology of the
product was discussed. The content of aragonite in the product was more than 90%
under optimal conditions. The whiteness of the product was 97.6%. The diameter of a
single particle was about 1.5–3 μm, and the length of a single
particle was about 8–40 μm. Various polymorphs and morphologies
of CaCO3 could be formed by adjusting the production conditions. The
by-products produced during the whole preparation process could also be reused. The
whole preparation process of fibrous aragonite from yellow phosphorus slag without
using any chemical additives was also proposed. These indicated that the production
strategy had a good application prospect.
A Factorization of Least-Squares Projection Schemes for Ill-Posed Problems
Authors: Du Shukai , Du Nailin
Published: May 2020

We give a factorization formula to least-squares projection schemes, from which new convergence conditions together with formulas estimating the rate of convergence can be derived.
We prove that the convergence of the method (including the rate of convergence) can be completely determined by the principal angles between

T
†

⁢
T
⁢

(

X
n

)

{T^{\dagger}T(X_{n})}

and

T
*

⁢
T
⁢

(

X
n

)

{T^{*}T(X_{n})}

, and the principal angles between

X
n

∩

(

𝒩
⁢

(
T
)

∩

X
n

)

⊥

{X_{n}\cap(\mathcal{N}(T)\cap X_{n})^{\perp}}

and

(

𝒩
⁢

(
T
)

+

X
n

)

∩

𝒩
⁢

(
T
)

⊥

{(\mathcal{N}(T)+X_{n})\cap\mathcal{N}(T)^{\perp}}

.
At the end, we consider several specific cases and examples to further illustrate our theorems.