bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preventing and managing catastrophic bleeding during extracorporeal circulation
Authors: Karkouti Keyvan , Ho Loretta T. S.
Published: April 2019

The use of extracorporeal circulation for cardiac surgery and extracorporeal life support poses tremendous challenges to the hemostatic equilibrium given its diametric tendency to trigger hyper‐ and hypocoagulopathy. The necessity of anticoagulant therapy to counteract the hemostatic activation by the extracorporeal circuitry compounded by unfavorable patient and surgical factors significantly increase the risk of catastrophic bleeding in patients who require extracorporeal circulation. Preoperative measures, such as stratification of high‐risk bleeding patients, and optimization of the modifiable variables, including anemia and thrombocytopenia, provide a crude estimation of the likelihood and may modify the risk of catastrophic bleeding. The anticipation for catastrophic bleeding subsequently prompts the appropriate preparation for potential resuscitation and massive transfusion. Equally important is intraoperative prevention with the prophylactic application of tranexamic acid, an antifibrinolytic agent that has promising benefits in reduction of blood loss and transfusion. In the event of uncontrolled catastrophic bleeding despite preemptive strategies, all effort must be centered on regaining hemostasis through surgical control and damage control resuscitation to protect against worsening coagulopathy and end organ failure. When control of bleeding is reinstated, management should shift focus from systemic therapy to targeted hemostatic therapy aimed at the potential culprits of coagulopathy as identified by point of care hemostatic testing. This review article outlines the strategies to appropriately intervene using prediction, prevention, preparation, protection, and promotion of hemostasis in managing catastrophic bleeding in extracorporeal circulation.
Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of TTP: an integrated approach
Authors: Chiasakul Thita , Cuker Adam
Published: April 2019

Thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP) is a rare, life-threatening disease with an incidence of approximately 2 persons per million per year. It is characterized by severe deficiency of the von Willebrand cleaving protease, ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13), leading to formation of platelet-rich thrombi in the microvasculature. Prompt initiation of appropriate therapy, particularly plasma exchange, may be life-saving. Diagnosis of TTP is challenging because of its diverse clinical manifestations, overlap in clinical presentation with other thrombotic microangiopathies, and limited availability of ADAMTS13 testing. Clinical prediction scores have been developed to estimate the pretest probability of severe ADAMTS13 deficiency and may be used as an adjunct to clinical judgment to guide initial management decisions. An ADAMTS13 activity level of less than 10% supports the diagnosis of TTP in appropriate clinical contexts, but many centers do not offer testing in-house and must send out the test to a reference laboratory with a turnaround time of several days. In such instances, initial management decisions must be made without the benefit of laboratory testing. In patients with TTP, inhibitor tests may be useful for distinguishing immune-mediated from congenital TTP. In this article, we review the epidemiology, natural history, and clinical presentation of TTP and laboratory assays for TTP including ADAMTS13 activity and inhibitor assays. We also describe an evidence-based approach to the evaluation of a patient with suspected TTP that integrates clinical and laboratory assessment.
Genomics of aggressive B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Rosenthal Allison , Rimsza Lisa
Published: April 2019

The growing body of genomic information collected and applied to mature aggressive B-cell lymphoma diagnosis and management has exploded over the last few years due to improved technologies with high-throughput capacity, suitable for use on routine formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue biopsies, and decreasing costs. These techniques have made evaluation of complete DNA sequences, RNA-expression patterns, translocations, copy-number alterations, loss of heterozygosity, and DNA-methylation patterns possible on a genome-wide level. This chapter will present a case of aggressive B-cell lymphoma and discuss the most important genomic abnormalities that characterize this group of entities in the recent update to the fourth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) lymphoma classification system. Genomic abnormalities discussed will include those necessary for certain diagnoses such as translocations of MYC, BCL2, or BCL6; gene-expression-profiling categorization; the newly defined Burkitt-like lymphoma with 11q abnormalities; prognostic and predictive mutations, as well as tumor heterogeneity. Finally, our current practices for clinical triage of specimens with a potential diagnosis of aggressive B-cell lymphomas are also described. Options for treatment at relapse, in light of these genomic features, will be discussed in the third presentation from this session.
Novel therapies for relapsed/refractory aggressive lymphomas
Authors: Cohen Jonathon B.
Published: April 2019

Most patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma will be cured with initial chemoimmunotherapy; however, most patients with relapsed disease will not be cured and will die as a result of their disease. In these cases, continued treatment with conventional chemotherapy is typically not of benefit and can contribute to significant toxicities and decreased quality of life for patients. Fortunately, a number of therapies are currently available or under investigation for this group of patients, ranging from oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting multiple pathways within the malignant cells to adoptive cellular therapies that harness the patient’s immune system to fight disease. Additionally, many agents that are modestly effective as monotherapies can be safely combined with additional novel and conventional therapies to improve response rates and duration. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells are among the most promising group of therapies and provide the potential for cure for patients with relapsed/refractory lymphoma. In this chapter, we will review the currently available novel treatments as well as those still under investigation and discuss the most appropriate approach to patients with relapsed/refractory aggressive lymphoma. We will highlight the challenges associated with these therapies, as well as potential toxicities, and the need for additional clinical trials evaluating combinations and newer treatments.
Antibody-based therapies in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Dinner Shira , Liedtke Michaela
Published: April 2019

The use of multiagent combination chemotherapy regimens results in cure rates of >90% for children and ∼40% for adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) but is associated with extensive toxicity and disappointingly low efficacy in relapsed patients. ALL blast cells express several surface antigens, including CD20, CD22, and CD19, which represent valuable targets for immunotherapy. Monoclonal antibodies, antibody–drug conjugates, and bispecific T-cell–engaging antibodies targeting these antigens offer novel mechanisms of action. Within the last several years, the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab has been added to chemotherapy for newly diagnosed patients <60 years with CD20+ pre-B ALL and significantly improved the 2-year event-free survival from 52% to 65%. In adults with relapsed or refractory CD22+ ALL, the antibody–drug conjugate inotuzumab ozogamicin resulted in a complete response rate of 81% and median overall survival of 7.7 months with reduced toxicity compared with standard chemotherapy. Similarly, the bispecific T-cell–engaging antibody blinatumomab yielded a complete response rate of 44% and a median overall survival of 7.7 months in an extensively treated ALL population. Moreover, ∼80% of ALL patients in complete remission with evidence of minimal residual disease (MRD) achieved a complete MRD response following treatment with blinatumomab. These results highlight the tremendous promise of antibody-based treatment approaches for ALL. Ongoing and future research is critical to further define the role of the various immunotherapies in the frontline treatment of ALL. Additional challenges include the optimal sequencing of the available antibodies in the relapsed setting as well as their integration with stem cell transplant and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy.
Effects of Metreleptin on Proteinuria in Patients With Lipodystrophy
Authors: Lee Ho Lim , Waldman Meryl A , Auh Sungyoung , Balow James E , Cochran Elaine K , Gorden Phillip , Brown Rebecca J
Published: April 2019

Context

Patients with lipodystrophy have high prevalence of proteinuria.

Objective

To assess kidney disease in patients with generalized (GLD) vs partial lipodystrophy (PLD), and the effects of metreleptin on proteinuria in patients with lipodystrophy.

Design, Setting, Patients, Intervention

Prospective, open-label studies of metreleptin treatment in patients with GLD and PLD at the National Institutes of Health.

Outcome Measures

The 24-hour urinary albumin and protein excretion rates, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and creatinine clearance (CrCl) were measured at baseline and during up to 24 months of metreleptin treatment. Patients with increases in medications affecting outcome measures were excluded.

Results

At baseline, patients with GLD had significantly greater albuminuria, proteinuria, eGFR, and CrCl compared with patients with PLD. CrCl was above the normal range in 69% of patients with GLD and 39% with PLD (P = 0.02). With up to 24 months of metreleptin treatment, there were significant reductions in albuminuria and proteinuria in patients with GLD, but not in those with PLD. No changes in eGFR or CrCl were observed in patients with GLD or PLD during metreleptin treatment.

Conclusions

Patients with GLD had significantly greater proteinuria than those with PLD, which improved with metreleptin treatment. The mechanisms leading to proteinuria in lipodystrophy and improvements in proteinuria with metreleptin are not clear. Hyperfiltration was also more common in GLD vs PLD but did not change with metreleptin.
Hedgehog signaling regulates osteoblast differentiation in zebrafish larvae through modulation of autophagy
Authors: Hu Zhanying , Chen Bo , Zhao Qiong
Published: April 2019

Impaired osteoblast differentiation may result in bone metabolic disease such as osteoporosis. It was reported recently that Hedgehog (Hh) signaling and autophagy are two important regulators of bone differentiation. In order to further dissect their relationship in bone development, we used a zebrafish larvae model to investigate how disruption of one of these signaling affects the function of another and impacts osteoblast differentiation. Our results showed that activation of Hh signaling negatively regulated autophagy. However, suppression of autophagy by knocking down atg5 expression didn't alter Hh signaling, but dramatically up-regulated the expression of osteoblast related genes and increased bone mineralization especially in den region. On the contrary, inhibition of Hh signaling pathway by cyclopamine treatment suppressed the expression of osteoblast related genes and decreased bone mineralization. In agreement with these findings, blocking Hh signaling through knock down SHH and Gli2 genes led to defective osteoblast differentiation, while promoting Hh signaling by knock down Ptch1 was beneficial to osteoblast differentiation. Our results thus support that activation of Hh signaling pathway negatively regulates autophagy and consequentially promotes osteoblast differentiation. On the contrary, induction of autophagy inhibits osteoblast differentiation. Our work revealed the mechanism underlying Hh signaling pathway regulation of bone development.
Connexin 43 maintains tissue polarity and regulates mitotic spindle orientation in the breast epithelium
Authors: Bazzoun D. , Adissu H. A. , Wang L. , Urazaev A. , Tenvooren I. , Fostok S. F. , Chittiboyina S. , Sturgis J. , Hodges K. , Chandramouly G. , Vidi P.-A. , Talhouk R. S. , Lelièvre S. A.
Published: April 2019

Cell–cell communication is essential for tissue homeostasis, but its contribution to disease prevention remains to be understood. We demonstrate the involvement of connexin 43 (Cx43, also known as GJA1) and related gap junction in epithelial homeostasis, illustrated by polarity-mediated cell cycle entry and mitotic spindle orientation (MSO). Cx43 localization is restricted to the apicolateral membrane of phenotypically normal breast luminal epithelial cells in 3D culture and in vivo. Chemically induced blockade of gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC), as well as the absence of Cx43, disrupt the apicolateral distribution of polarity determinant tight junction marker ZO-1 (also known as TJP1) and lead to random MSO and cell multilayering. Induced expression of Cx43 in cells that normally lack this protein reestablishes polarity and proper MSO in 3D culture. Cx43-directed MSO implicates PI3K–aPKC signaling, and Cx43 co-precipitates with signaling node proteins β-catenin (CTNNB1) and ZO-2 (also known as TJP2) in the polarized epithelium. The distribution of Cx43 is altered by pro-inflammatory breast cancer risk factors such as leptin and high-fat diet, as shown in cell culture and on tissue biopsy sections. The control of polarity-mediated quiescence and MSO may contribute to the tumor-suppressive role of Cx43.
Homeostasis of soluble proteins and the proteasome post nuclear envelope reformation in mitosis
Authors: Spits Menno , Janssen Lennert J. , Voortman Lenard M. , Kooij Raymond , Neefjes Anna C. M. , Ovaa Huib , Neefjes Jacques
Published: April 2019

Upon nuclear envelope (NE) fragmentation in the prometaphase, the nuclear and cytosolic proteomes mix and must be redefined to reinstate homeostasis. Here, by using a molecular GFP ladder, we show that in early mitosis, condensed chromatin excludes cytosolic proteins. When the NE reforms tightly around condensed chromatin in late mitosis, large GFP multimers are automatically excluded from the nucleus. This can be circumvented by limiting DNA condensation with Q15, a condensin II inhibitor. Soluble small and other nuclear localization sequence (NLS)-targeted proteins then swiftly enter the expanding nuclear space. We then examined proteasomes, which are located in the cytoplasm and nucleus. A significant fraction of 20S proteasomes is imported by the importin IPO5 within 20 min of reformation of the nucleus, after which import comes to an abrupt halt. This suggests that maintaining the nuclear–cytosol distribution after mitosis requires chromatin condensation to exclude cytosolic material from the nuclear space, and specialized machineries for nuclear import of large protein complexes, such as the proteasome.
To the Question of Legal Regulation of the Accounting of Small Business Enterprises
Authors: Поленова С. , Polenova S.
Published: April 2019

Th e article presents some of the problems of regulatory support for the organization and maintenance of accounting in small enterprises and substantiates recommendations for their elimination and, above all, the development of the federal accounting standard “Accounting in small enterprises”.
Economy
Authors: Океанова Зинаида , Okyeanova Zinaida
Published: April 2019

The textbook systematizes the regularities of economic development, interaction of economic entities on the basis of mechanisms of market and state regulation.
The features of perfect and imperfect competition, individual and market demand and supply, their elasticity depending on price changes and other grounds are considered. Among the most important are the problems of rationality of consumer behavior and behavior of firms, market mechanisms of formation of factors of production and factor income. Considerable attention is paid to the processes of macroeconomic regulation in General and in specific areas of the economy – in the financial, investment markets, the labor market, in the social sphere. Innovative approaches and modern trends of economic development, leading schools and economic thought are investigated.
The textbook corresponds to the State educational standard of higher professional education in Economics. It is prepared on actual foreign and domestic works. It is characterized by the consistency of the structural structure, the sequence of presentation, availability for understanding.
For bachelors, masters, more in-depth study of certain economic problems as basic in line with master's programs, for example, in banking , labor market, environmental Economics, state regulation of the economy, the economy of Russia, etc., as well as practical workers and persons interested in the economy.
Technology lesson in elementary school. Organizational and methodological support of the educational process
Authors: Алексеенко Елена , Alekseenko Elena
Published: April 2019

The manual presents: a General overview of the subject "Technology" in the context of the requirements of the new standards, especially design and implementation of the lesson (structure) technology as the form of organization of learning, providing of active and planned educational and cognitive activity of students.Designed for teachers of primary classes of secondary schools, students of pedagogical universities.
Python programming language: practicum
Authors: Жуков Роман , Zhukov Roman
Published: April 2019

The tutorial is devoted to the theoretical and practical study of the modern widely used programming language Python. The manual consists of 5 chapters, which consistently addressed issues such as the history of programming languages, features and basic elements of the Python programming language (data types; instructions, functions, modules; object-oriented programming; development of graphical interfaces). The material is presented compactly while maintaining the necessary rigor, algorithmicity and detailed elaboration of the basic concepts in accordance with the working program of the discipline "Computer workshop".
Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standard of higher education of the last generation.
For undergraduate students full-time and part-time training areas "Business Informatics", as well as all those interested in programming.
Form ever follows function: the occlusal compass and direct resin composite restorations
Authors: Smithson Jason
Published: April 2019

Direct composite resins in the posterior dentition are a day-to-day treatment modality for most dental practitioners. It is challenging for many operators to produce a restoration that is both aesthetic and functional in a clinically realistic timeframe. This article helps to address this.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: To present a functionally-generated approach to occlusal anatomy based on the DeVreugd Occlusal Compass to simplify the placement of direct composite resin in the Class I and II situation.
How Visible Light Curing came into Dentistry
Authors: Wilson Nairn HF
Published: April 2019

This paper details the history of the introduction of visible light curing into dentistry. This history provides an excellent example of ‘out of the box’ lateral thinking translation of innovative scientific technology into dentistry. Visible light curing is an important UK contribution to the recent history and current practice of dentistry, with several million visible light curing procedures being carried out globally on a daily basis.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Given the importance of visible light curing in dentistry, its history is of relevance.
Fibre-Reinforced Composite Splint – Step-by-Step Instructions
Authors: van Rensburg Jansen
Published: April 2019

Tooth mobility is commonly seen in general dental practice, usually resulting from chronic periodontitis. A fibre-reinforced composite splint may be used to treat mobile teeth successfully. This article will concentrate on the precise steps on how to place such a periodontal splint. Minimally invasive options should always be considered. In long-term maintenance of periodontally involved teeth where the active disease is under control, the periodontal splint can be very helpful as part of a comprehensive periodontal treatment plan.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: A fibre-reinforced composite periodontal splint may improve the masticatory ability and consequently the patient's quality of life.
Comparison of the Opinions of Bodybuilding Sportsmen Regarding the Use of Doping and Values Education of Sportsmen in Turkey
Authors: Yildiz Mehtap , Yildiz Ozer
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this research is to examine the opinions of bodybuilding sportsmen regarding the use of doping by comparing them with the sportsmen values dimension. The research was carried out with qualitative research pattern, and interview method was used. The study group was consisted of 2 women, 10 men in total of 12 national sportsmen in bodybuilding branch from Turkey. The data were obtained through face to face interviews with bodybuilding sportsmen using the interview form. Then, the data were analyzed through content analysis method. As a result, it was determined that success without doping is difficult in bodybuilding sport, and almost all of the sportsmen use doping in this sports branch, yet doping causes health problems and unfair competition.
Flora da Bahia: Apodanthaceae
Authors: Giulietti Ana Maria , Carneiro-Torres Daniela Santos , Marinho Lucas Cardoso , De Queiroz Luciano Paganucci , De Oliveira Reyjane Patrícia
Published: April 2019

Two species of Apodanthaceae are recognized in the flora of Bahia state, Brazil: Apodanthes caseariae and Pilostyles blanchetii. The taxonomic treatment includes the first formal description of the A. caseariae staminate flowers in Brazil, as well as the discussion on P. blanchetii synonyms and hosts. An identification key, descriptions, illustrations, general notes and a distribution map of species in Bahia are provided.
An imbricated drawing ontology: Economies of pattern, chaos and scale
Authors: Fossey Steve
Published: April 2019

This paper extrapolates material from participation in a project titled ‘A line made by walking without marking the earth’ (2011) which fed into ‘Walking through the field’, part of my practice as research (PAR) Ph.D. titled ‘Site-specific performance and the mechanics of becoming social’ (2018). ‘Walking through the field’ is reworked in this text to present an imbricated drawing ontology that is composed from, and understood through, a process of layering materials generated whilst walking, sharing personal histories and being tracked by satellites. A chaotic assemblage of personal thoughts and memories is layered with the ordering capabilities of the satellites which track movements in space to create drawings from the traces, lines and patterns these technologies generate. The methods used to bring together these traces, lines, patterns and memories seek to articulate a sense of what social scientist Doreen Massey refers to as ‘throwntogetherness’ and speak to what Massey might describe as an ‘ever-shifting constellation of trajectories’. An imbrication of micro and macro events of space and place speak to a purposeful disruption of stable definitions of site, connecting a multiplicity of people, events and specificities to create an imbricated drawing ontology.
Electronic alchemy and the creation of digital frottage
Authors: Garnsworthy Justin
Published: April 2019

This studio-led research project describes how office-based digital and analogue techniques can be combined to execute an artistic process that I have termed ‘digital frottage’. The use of digital and analogue techniques allows for a mutual critique. In a re-interpretation of the historical frottage process, I show how the flatbed scanner can be used to take automated ‘rubbings’ of low-relief sculptural drawings created with Blu-Tack. I then show how the resulting scanned images can be cut and recombined using the computer program Photoshop. The total process has components that can be identified as either deterministic (patterned) or chaotic. Each of my digital frottage artworks is the result of object manipulation, digital scanning, digital cutting, digital montage and digital printing. In each of these actions, chance and disruption are present, and it is easy to view the overall process as alchemical. Key elements of alchemy are a mystery and the transformation of the commonplace into something of great value. My artworks are often said to be mysterious in the sense that it is difficult to discern how they are created. They also demonstrate that valuable artworks can be created using commonplace items such as Blu-Tack and office technology. The research demonstrates how the historical frottage process can be expanded by engaging with technology, and how our technological culture can only continue to broaden artistic expression. At a high level of abstraction, the digital frottage process is one of decomposition and recomposition. The overall process can be looked at as a formless procedure where the physical is transformed into the digital using a flatbed scanner and computer code. The writings of Georges Bataille, Rosalind Krauss and Yve-Alain Bois on the formless are reviewed to make linkages with other artistic endeavours.
CALCULATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE PHYSICAL STOREY DRIFT FOR HIGH-RISE FRAME-DIAGRID STRUCTURES
Authors: Zhang Feng , Shi Qingxuan
Published: April 2019

The high-rise frame-diagrid structure is a new type of dual system structure. The inner frame part can create a large space, and the external diagrid part can provide a larger lateral stiffness. In this paper, the lateral deformation formula for the high-rise frame-diagrid structures is derived. The bending deformation of the structure is divided into the bending rotational deformation and the floor rigid rotational deformation. The physical storey drift is proposed. The physical storey drift is directly related to the structural damage. When the structure is in the plastic state, the structure maximum storey drift and maximum physical storey drift are in different positions. It is recommended to use both storey drift and physical storey drift as structural deformation limitation criteria. Finally, the proposed method is used to structural parameters analysis for the high-rise frame-diagrid structure. It provides reference for the structural design.
RESTRICTED ZONE OF SUPERPAVE MIX DESIGN AND ITS IMPACT ON RESILIENT MODULUS AND PERMANENT DEFORMATION
Authors: Hussain Arshad , Haq Fazal , Javaid Nauman , Khurshid Muhammad Bilal
Published: April 2019

Back in 1993, Strategic Highway Research Program introduced new mix design method known as SUPERPAVE that is an acronym of Superior Performing Asphalt Pavement. Superpave caters filed performance of bituminous mixes and Superpave gradation chart includes 0.45 power line, restricted zone and control points. In Superpave, the gradation that compliance with the restricted zone was considered less rut resistant as compared to gradation passing outside the restricted zone. This study targets three types of gradations that passed above, below and through the restricted zone. The results show that the gradation passing through the restricted zone not only satisfy Superpave volumetric requirements but also performs better against rutting as compared to gradation passing outside the restricted zone. Resilient modulus (MR) measured through indirect tensile strength setup that defines the elastic properties of bituminous mix under repeated load test. Laboratory study was conducted to find factors that affect the gradation. Two-way factorial design was carried out by using Minitab-15 statistical software and the results reflected that the individual factor i.e. loads duration and temperature as well as interaction of factors has significant effect on the performance of HMA.
CONSTRUCTION OF NEW MULTI-FUNCTION TYPE ARTIFICIAL BOUNDARY PILLAR FOR TRANSITION FROM OPEN PIT TO UNDERGROUND MINING
Authors: Ren Honggang , Tan Zhuoying , Feng Panxue
Published: April 2019

In allusion to the defects of large material consumption and high construction cost of conventional artificial boundary pillar for the transition from open pit to underground mining, a new multi-function type of artificial boundary pillar scheme of reinforced concrete is proposed, which creates favourable conditions for underground mining below the pillar and stacking tailings over the pillar. We established the mechanical model of the artificial pillar, and use MIDAS-FLAC3D software to analyse the stability of the artificial pillar. The result shows that the multifunctional artificial pillar has good impervious control and flood control characteristics and bearing capacity, and can effectively separate the influence between the open pit and the underground, which realizes the effective utilization of resources and greatly improve the economic efficiency of mines. At the same time, the tailings in the open pit will support the open slope and enhance the stability of the slope. Moreover, this method effectively reduces the area of tailings reservoir and has good ecological and environmental protection value, which can provide useful reference for related mines.
STUDY ON THE SETTLEMENT OF TUNNEL BOTTOM AND PRESSURE OF ROCK MASS BASED ON CURVED BEAM ON ELASTIC FOUNDATION THEORY
Authors: Fan Haobo , He Siyue , Zhao Dongping , Wang Xiuling , Wang Hao , Ding Hao
Published: April 2019

Tunnel invert is the weak section of curved beam on tunnel foundation, and it is easy to break down. Based on the curved beam theory on elastic foundation, the curved beam model of tunnel invert was established, the displacement equations of tunnel invert under external load were deduced, and the formulas of settlement of tunnel bottom and the pressure of rock mass were presented. By means of the calculating formulas, the distribution laws of settlement of tunnel bottom and pressure of rock mass were obtained when tunnel bottom was strengthened and not strengthened by high pressure jet grouting piles. The final formulas in the paper are precise to predict the settlement of tunnel bottom and pressure of rock mass, so they are of great value for tunnel design and construction.
The Hofstetter Effect
Authors: Marshall Edwin C.
Published: April 2019

This biographical sketch profiles the international impact of Optometric Historical Society founder Henry W Hofstetter, OD, PhD. The article illuminates how Hofstetter's involvement and interest in international optometry history influenced the organization.
„Czemu Cię nie ma na odległość ręki”. Listy – zdarzenia literackie Adama Ziemianina
Authors: Wojda Dorota
Published: April 2019

The article deals with Adam Ziemianin’s epistolary poetry (bringing both the subject of letters and imitating their formal qualities), which is discussed as a collection of literary events. Such an interpretation draws attention to the performativity of this writing, that is, its causative function, which results in the actualization of the text through the reader’s personal experience. Therefore, the interpretation here takes into account not only Ziemianin’s poems, but also their popularity as songs performed by the group Stare Dobre Małżeństwo. The most important conclusion presented in this paper focuses on the paradoxes of epistolary poetry: the evocation of both presence and absence, synchrony and asynchrony, combining private with public, as well as merging the literary dimension with real existence. Most of these paradoxes are motivated by the desire to rescue love and overcome death, as indicated by the symbolism of the letter and the well – serving as life-giving mediators.
Zwi(ch)nięte koło radykalnohermeneutyczne
Authors: Szaj Patryk
Published: April 2019

The article is an interpretation of the traditional figure of the hermeneutic circle made from the perspective of John D. Caputo’s radical hermeneutics. It begins with a recapitulation of the most important modern positions on the hermeneutic circle, which postmodern hermeneutics radicalizes, noting the impossibility of its closure or fulfillment. Movement in the postmodern hermeneutic circle takes place not between the parts and the whole, but only between the different parts. Thus, one might say that this circle is twisted, and this has a dual meaning. It evokes Jacques Derrida’s interpretation of a phrase from Hamlet, “time is out of joint”, but it also plays with the meaning of the twist, which can be understood as a Verwindung: the impossibility of the transgression beyond modern hermeneutics.
Czy podejście hermeneutyczne jest interpretacyjnym wytrychem? Diagnoza i propozycja w kontekście współczesnej prozy
Authors: Szkaradnik Katarzyna
Published: April 2019

The paper is an attempt to reflect on whether hermeneutics can still be a cognitively fruitful approach in literary studies, especially in respect of contemporary output. The authoress analyses two currents in the literature, which could be named integrating and eristic. They seem to correspond with two paradigms in hermeneutics: affirmative, concentrating on “brightening an existence”, and radical, emphasizing “weakness”, “flux”, “collapsing” etc. A key issue is the doubt whether applying the name “hermeneutics” is not in itself misleading, as it concerns diametrically opposed points of view. The authoress proposes her own understanding of hermeneutics as a perspective of reading literature, which “cling on” to the protagonists’, author’s and interpreter’s experience. She also invokes the metaphors of scaffolding and house building, where the home is marked with an unrelenting “uneasiness” and lacks strong foundations, but does convey the situation of incessant common constructing the accidental and demanding protection of meaning.
Hermeneutyka i ἄσκησις. O żywotności Platońskiej μελέτης θανάτου
Authors: Wandowicz Mieszko
Published: April 2019

Philosophy is, first and foremost, the art of self-discovery. It has been that since its dawn, from the Delphic oracle to the present day. This is why pieces of ancient writing should be read as stimuli to one’s own thinking, so as to (in the name of hermeneutic fairness) not offend the old masters. A fragment which serves this purpose better and better as uncertainty of the author’s intentions grows is “μελέτη θανάτου” (Plato, Phaedo). The variety of possible translations enables this: “practice of death”, “care for death”, “exercise in death”, along with a range of thanatological questions, all but independent from the translations themselves. The abundance of possible interpretations also helps remind us of something which is well worth remembering: words are more of a tool aiding understanding than the actual aim of that understanding.
Iluzje obecności. Cielesność w Bez końca Krzysztofa Kieślowskiego
Authors: Kulessa Kamila
Published: April 2019

This paper aims at providing an analysis of Krzysztof Kieślowski’s film No end (1984), focused mainly on representations of corporality. The article attempts to interpret possible meanings of the phantasmatic dimension of existence and its impact on the reality constructed in the film. It also examines issues related to identification and the articulation of sensuous presence in cinematic images.
The E-Cohomological Conley Index, Cup-Lengths and the Arnold Conjecture on T
2n
Authors: Starostka Maciej , Waterstraat Nils
Published: April 2019

We show that the E-cohomological Conley index, that was introduced by the first author recently, has a natural module structure. This yields a new cup-length and a lower bound for the number of critical points of functionals on Hilbert spaces. When applied to the setting of the Arnold conjecture, this paves the way to a short proof on tori, where it was first shown by C. Conley and E. Zehnder in 1983.
Comparison of six commercial serum exosome isolation methods suitable for clinical laboratories. Effect in cytokine analysis
Authors: Macías Mónica , Rebmann Vera , Mateos Beatriz , Varo Nerea , Perez-Gracia Jose Luis , Alegre Estibaliz , González Álvaro
Published: April 2019

Background

Exosomes are nanovesicles released by cells that can be detected in blood. Exosomes contain several molecules, such as cytokines that have potential utility as disease biomarkers. The aim of the present work is to compare six different commercial kits suitable for the clinical laboratory in relation to the efficiency and purity of exosome isolation, and their effect in subsequent cytokines analysis.

Methods

Serum exosomes were obtained from 10 volunteers using six commercial kits: exoEasy, ExoQuick, Exo-spin, ME kit, ExoQuick Plus and Exo-Flow. Exosome concentrations and size distributions were quantified by nanoparticle tracking analysis. Exosome markers CD63, CD9 and TSG101 were determined by Western blot. ApoB and albumin were measured using nephelometry. S100A9, CXCL5 and CXCL12 were measured using a Luminex assay.

Results

The concentration of particles obtained between different kits varied by a factor of 100. There was no correlation in particle concentrations extracted between different kits, except between ExoQuick and Exo-Flow. The highest exosome purity was achieved with ExoQuick Plus and exoEasy, while the lowest were achieved with ME and ExoQuick. Albumin was present in all exosome extracts analyzed and ApoB in all except those extracted with Exo-Flow and ME. Cytokine detection varied depending on the purification kit used and there was no correlation in cytokine concentrations between samples obtained with different kits.

Conclusions

Both the sample and the type of commercial kit used affect the efficiency and purity of exosome isolation. In addition, the exosome purification method deeply affects the capability to detect and quantify cytokines.
Hypothetical Accident in Polish Nuclear Power Plant. Worst Case Scenario for Main Polish Cities
Authors: Mazur Andrzej
Published: April 2019

Poland is under threat of potential accidents in nuclear power plants located in its close vicinity, in almost all neighboring countries. Moreover, there are plans to establish a new nuclear power plant in Polish coast. In this paper the analysis of atmospheric transport of radioactive material released during a potential accident in the future nuclear power plant is presented. In the first part of study transport of radioactivity as seen from the long time perspective is analyzed. This involves trajectory analysis as a tool for describing the statistics of air pollution transport pattern and screening the meteorological situations for episode studies. Large sets of meteorological data for selected episodes were stored as a result of this process. Estimation of risk includes both analysis of the consequences and probability analysis of an occurrence of such situation. Episodes then were comprehensively studied in the second phase of the study, using the Eulerian dispersion model for simulation of atmospheric transport of pollutants. This study has proven that the time needed for reaction in case of (hypothetical) accident is enormously short.
Reconstruction of Dynamics of SO2 Concentration in Troposphere Based on Results of Direct Measurements
Authors: Gac Jakub M. , Petelczyc Monika
Published: April 2019

A method for the reconstruction of the dynamics of processes with discrete time, developed in our previous papers, has been applied for study the dynamics of concentration of sulfur dioxide in lower troposphere. For the analysis, recordings of sulfur dioxide concentration from four measurement stations located in Poland (two of them has been located in huge cities and two in rarely inhabited regions) were used. We managed to obtain the deterministic and stochastic component of this dynamics. In result, we estimate the lifetime of sulfur dioxide in troposphere and the increase of sulfur dioxide concentration influenced by anthropogenic sources.
Hydrochemical Diversity of a Large Alluvial Aquifer in an Arid Zone (Draa River, S Morocco)
Authors: Szczucińska Anna , Dłużewski Maciej , Kozłowski Rafał , Niedzielski Przemysław
Published: April 2019

In arid areas, with rivers functioning episodically, alluvial resources are the main source of water. Considering the intensified regulation of discharge in montane catchments, supplying the intermittent rivers, in the nearest future alluvial aquifers will gain key importance for the functioning of people in arid zones. The research aimed to investigate the diversified chemistry of alluvial waters typical of large intermittent river valleys in hot arid zones as well as to analyse processes determining the water chemistry and affecting its diversity. The detailed study, carried out in October 2015, covered the Draa river valley (1100 km total length) in the region of the Mhamid Oasis. The examined water was sampled from all wells found in the study area. Concentrations of the main cations: Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, NH4
+, and Li+, anions: Cl−, SO4
2−, HCO3
−, and NO3
−, as well as trace elements: Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn, were identified. Results were analysed with statistical, hydrochemical, and geochemical modelling methods. Alluvial waters of the eastern and western part of the oasis differed in concentrations of numerous components, what resulted from the regulation of irrigation. Specific electrical conductivity showed a 3.5-fold increase, from 3800 to 13800 μS/cm, consistent with the direction of water flow in the oasis, from east to west. Even a greater rise was observed for ions: Cl− (6x), Na+ (5.5x), Mg2+ (5.0x), Ca2+, and SO4
2− (3.5x). Such a composition indicated multiionic hydrochemical type of waters dominated by Na+ and Cl−. Additionally, high Pearson correlation coefficients were recorded for Na+ and Cl− (0.98) as well as Mg2+ and Cl− (0.97). The saturation index suggested that the main water components originated from dissolving of minerals such as halite, anhydrite, sylvite, and gypsum. Groundwater chemistry in the Mhamid Oasis was determined mainly by geogenic processes, such as dissolving of evaporates, precipitation of carbonate minerals, and ion exchange.
Geostatistical Methods in Water Distribution Network Design - A Case Study
Authors: Potyralla Maciej
Published: April 2019

Modeling of the loads of water supply networks and their subsequent forecasting is an element necessary for making optimum decisions in the process of planning the development and operation of the water supply networks. The results of this modeling are decisive for the selection of the diameters of the pipelines and their arrangement on the water demand area. This study presents the results of estimation of average values of loads for the selected investment variants. The aim of the article is to present the possibility of simulations and analyses of the geostatistical interpolation methods. Data input in the model regarded the fragment of the real water supply network administered by the Municipal Water and Sewerage Company in Warszawa. Results of the computer analyses for the presented investment variants were related to the operating data of the water supply network and the data on water demand for the years 2014-2017 and 2018-2025. The aim of this paper is to present the advantages of GIS for the water supply systems and to prove that using the appropriate IT system, with provision of proper data processing, may lead to decisions which are optimum in view of the established, often very complex criteria.
The Effect of Different Forms of Sulphur on Incidence of Apple Scab on Apple Tree (Malus x domestica Borkh) Gloster CV.
Authors: Bělíková Hana , Mészáros Martin , Varga Ladislav , Árvay Július , Wiśniowska-Kielian Barbara , Gondek Krzysztof , Antonkiewicz Jacek , Torma Stanislav , Lazarević Boris , Von Bennewitz Eduardo , Lošák Tomáš
Published: April 2019

From 2014 to 2015 the influence of foliar application of sulphur on apple trees (Gloster cv.)was investigated in the apple orchard at the Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology in Holovousy (North-East Bohemia, Czech Republic). The experiment was based on foliar applications of fertilizers containing different forms of sulphur: elemental S0, sulphate SO4
2− and thiosulphate S2O3
2− (in combination with other macro- and microelements) and fungicides with or without sulphur: Kumulus (S0 + F) and the conventional fungicide programme (F), in the respective treatments. Apple scab incidence on leaves and fruits was investigated in each experimental year according to the relevant methodology of the OEPP/EPPO standard PP1/5(3) Venturia inaequalis. Data on the incidence of apple scab correlate with the process of pathogen life cycle and risk of infection on the given dates. The incidence of apple scab was the lowest in 2014 in treatment S0 + F (10.8 % on leaves, 2.8 % on fruits) and F (15.8 % on leaves, 6 % on fruits) where conventional fungicides were used. When compared with the other treatments these treatments were the most effective even if the incidence of scab in the individual treatments in 2015 increased by 28 to 60 % due to high infection pressure. The results confirmed the efficiency of the conventional fungicide programme (S0 + F and F) against apple scab incidence on fruits. What is more, the results were slightly better in the treatment, where the conventional fungicide programme was combined with fertilizer containing elemental S (S0 + F) in comparison with fungicides applied alone (F). The effect of the other forms of sulphur (SO4 and S2O3) on apple scab control has not been confirmed. According to the results, the application of the conventional fungicide programme (S0 + F and F) is more effective against scab incidence than the inorganic forms of sulphur alone.
Monitoring and Protection of Forest Ecological Tourism Resources by Dynamic Monitoring System
Authors: Lin Wen-Pin
Published: April 2019

Forest can adjust climate and provide resources for the development of the society and tourism as well as promote the progress of human civilization, which is of great significance to the survival and development of human beings. With the industrial development and the improvement of people’s living standard, the development strength on forest resources is becoming higher than ever before. As forest resources are important resources which can maintain the ecological balance of the earth, its monitoring and protection is necessary. Hence, remote sensing technology has been developed for monitoring the changes of forest resources, which has the quickness characteristics and real-time spatial information acquisition and analysis capacities. This paper firstly introduced the geographical location, geomorphology, climate status, soil and vegetation types of Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province and the basic theory of remote sensing monitoring such as vegetation spectral reflectance and normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI). Then, the NDVI was used to analyse the vegetation coverage and area ratio of Zhangjiakou City in 2006, 2010 and 2016. It was found that the vegetation coverage during the ten years from 2006 to 2016 showed an overall trend of growth. Conclusions: It is concluded that dynamic monitoring can effectively monitor and protect forest vegetation, which provided ideas for the follow-up forestry planning and ecological tourism development in Zhangjiakou.