bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Significant Energy Deficit and Suboptimal Sleep During a Junior Academy Tennis Training Camp
Authors: Fleming James A. , Corr Liam D. , Earle James , Naughton Robert J. , Harper Liam D.
Published: March 2022

Purpose: To assess the training load, energy expenditure, dietary intake, and sleep quality and quantity of junior tennis players during a tennis training camp. Methods: Ten junior academy tennis players (14 [1] y) completed a 6-day camp with daily morning and afternoon training. Players wore accelerometer watches to measure activity energy expenditure and sleep. Global positioning system units were worn to monitor external training load (distance covered, maximum velocity, and PlayerLoad™). Dietary intake was obtained from a food diary and supplementary food photography. Results: Players covered significantly more distance and had higher PlayerLoad™ during morning sessions than afternoon sessions (5370 [505] m vs 4726 [697] m, P < .005, d = 3.2; 725 [109] a.u. vs 588 [96] a.u., P < .005, d = 4.0). Players also ran further (5624 [897] m vs 4933 [343] m, P < .05, d = 1.0) and reached higher maximum velocities (5.17 [0.44] m·s−1 vs 4.94 [0.39] m·s−1, P < .05, d = 0.3) during simulated match play compared with drill sessions. Mean daily energy expenditure was 3959 (630) kcal. Mean energy intake was 2526 (183) kcal, resulting in mean energy deficits of 1433 (683) kcal. Players obtained an average of 6.9 (0.8) hours of sleep and recorded 28 (7) nightly awakenings. Conclusions: Junior academy tennis players failed to achieve energy balance and recorded suboptimal sleep quantity and quality throughout the training camp.
Characterization of the Phase-Variable Autotransporter Lav Reveals a Role in Host Cell Adherence and Biofilm Formation in Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae
Authors: Phillips Zachary N. , Garai Preeti , Tram Greg , Martin Gael , Van Den Bergh Annelies , Husna Asma-Ul , Staples Megan , Grimwood Keith , Jennison Amy V. , Guillon Patrice , von Itzstein Mark , Jennings Michael P. , Brockman Kenneth L. , Atack John M.
Published: March 2022

Lav is an autotransporter protein found in pathogenic
Haemophilus
and
Neisseria
species. Lav in nontypeable
Haemophilus influenzae
(NTHi) is phase-variable: the gene reversibly switches ON-OFF via changes in length of a locus-located GCAA
(n)
simple DNA sequence repeat tract. The expression status of
lav
was examined in carriage and invasive collections of NTHi, where it was predominantly not expressed (OFF). Phenotypic study showed
lav
expression (ON) results in increased adherence to human lung cells and denser biofilm formation.
Zymomonas mobilis ZM4 Utilizes an NADP
+
-Dependent Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase To Produce Acetate
Authors: Felczak Magdalena M. , TerAvest Michaela A.
Published: March 2022

Biofuel production from nonfood crops is an important strategy for reducing carbon emissions from the transportation industry, but it has not yet become commercially viable. An important avenue to improve biofuel production is to enhance the characteristics of fermentation organisms by decreasing by-product formation via genetic engineering.
Complete and Draft Genome Sequences of 48 Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Obtained from Atopic Dermatitis Patients and Healthy Controls
Authors: Wang Zhongjie , Hülpüsch Claudia , Schwierzeck Vera , Alharbi Sulaiman Ali , Reiger Matthias , Traidl-Hoffmann Claudia , Schloter Michael , Foesel Bärbel U.
Published: March 2022

Staphylococcus aureus
is a widely distributed, opportunistic pathogen and has been linked to the human skin disease atopic dermatitis (AD). Here, we present 44 complete and 4 draft genome sequences of
S. aureus
strains isolated from the nose and skin of AD patients and healthy controls from a German study cohort.
Complete Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteriophage PASA16, Used in Multiple Phage Therapy Treatments Globally
Authors: Alkalay-Oren Sivan , Yerushalmy Ortal , Adler Karen , Khalifa Leron , Gelman Daniel , Coppenhagen-Glazer Shunit , Nir-Paz Ran , Hazan Ronen
Published: March 2022

PASA16 is a
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
phage isolated from a soil sample and used to treat several patients suffering from persistent infections in various countries. PASA16’s genome was sequenced, analyzed, and deposited in GenBank.
Complete Genome Sequence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Siphophage Suzuki
Authors: Sullivan Teresa , Manuel Nikhil , Clark James , Liu Mei , Burrowes Ben
Published: March 2022

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
is a Gram-negative bacterium known to cause respiratory tract infections and other diseases in humans. Here, we describe the isolation and genome annotation of
S. maltophilia
siphophage Suzuki. Its 56,042-bp genome has 83 predicted protein-coding genes and demonstrates similarity with
Xylella
phages Sano and Salvo.
Lytic Phages against ST11 K47 Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and the Corresponding Phage Resistance Mechanisms
Authors: Fang Qingqing , Zong Zhiyong
Published: March 2022

Carbapenem-resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(CRKP) is a major challenge for infection control and clinical management. Alternative therapies to antimicrobial agents are urgently needed and bacteriophages (phages) are an attractive option.
Hot atmospheric formation of carbonate accretionary lapilli at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, Brazos River, Texas, from clumped isotope thermometry
Authors: Burtt David G. , Henkes Gregory A. , Yancey Thomas E. , Schrag Daniel
Published: March 2022

The Chicxulub impact (in the northern Yucatan Penninsula, Mexico) marks the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary and is implicated in one of the five major extinctions. Researchers have examined ejecta from the Chicxulub impact, and most recently a drill core from the crater itself, yet the processes and chemical reactions occurring in the impact vapor plume are poorly constrained. Rounded carbonate particles, identified as accretionary lapilli, have been found thousands of kilometers from the impact crater and may be a unique record of plume conditions. We present carbon (δ13C), oxygen (δ18O), and clumped (Δ47) isotope ratios of lapilli from the Brazos River, Texas (USA), as well as from foraminifera and a mudstone. Unaltered lapilli δ13C and δ18O values covary, ranging from −9.38‰ to −2.10‰ and from −7.72‰ to −5.36‰, respectively, and they are distinct from mudstones, foraminifera, and secondarily altered lapilli in the same section. Clumped isotope temperatures [T(Δ47)] from the lapilli range from 66 °C to 539 °C and average 155 ± 46 °C (1 standard deviation), with sedimentary and fossil carbonates recording clement, shallow ocean–like T(Δ47). These data are consistent with petrography and hypothesized vapor plume formation, and we argue that the δ13C and δ18O values result from target rock decarbonation. Atmospheric temperatures >100 °C extending >1800 km from the Chicxulub crater imply an uninhabitable zone within seconds to minutes of the impact that was 10× larger in diameter than the crater itself.
Desiderosmia: a manifestation of iron deficiency in pregnancy
Authors: Harris Katrina , Mo Allison , Atmuri Kiran
Published: March 2022

A pregnant woman in her 20s presented with an excessive desire to smell a specific household cleaning product. She was found to have severe iron deficiency anaemia and her symptoms resolved following intravenous iron supplementation. She described symptoms of fatigue, shortness of breath and olfactory cravings. The specific scent could not be replicated with other smells and the woman had to significantly modify her lifestyle to accommodate the excessive desire. She had a similar experience during her prior pregnancy which resolved after the correction of severe iron deficiency anaemia. This unique symptom has been described as desiderosmia: iron deficiency manifesting as olfactory cravings. This underappreciated but useful symptom is defined as a separate entity to pica, as there is an absence of desire to ingest the product. Desiderosmia can harm mother and baby through inhalation of potentially harmful fumes; hence, women who describe this symptom should be assessed for iron deficiency anaemia.
Scoping review: bladder cancer in Nigeria – what are the gaps in clinical care and research?
Authors: Iya Abdulkarim Muhammad , Beyer Katharina , Kotecha Pinky , Kibaru Joyce , Abdullahi Muzzammil , Alhassan Sani Usman , Mustapha Muhammad Inuwa , Ahmad Abdullahi , Lawal Yusuf , Rabiu Ibrahim Jalo , Aminu Aliyu , Abubakar Aisha , Saleh Abdullahi , Bryan Richard T , Van Hemelrijck Mieke , Russell Beth
Published: March 2022

Objectives

There are currently no national guidelines regarding bladder cancer treatment and clinical care pathways in Nigeria. The aim of this scoping review was to identify any gaps in the knowledge of epidemiology, clinical care and translational research in order to aid the development of a defined clinical care pathway and guide future research.

Methods

A scoping review was conducted by searching Medline, Ovid Gateway, The Cochrane library and Open Grey literature using predefined search terms from date of inception to June 2020. Studies were included if they discussed the epidemiology or treatment pathway of bladder cancer. All data were charted and were analysed in a descriptive manner. A consultation phase was also conducted consisting of a multidisciplinary team of clinicians and bladder cancer survivors.

Results

A total of 19 studies were deemed suitable for inclusion. The themes included the epidemiology of bladder cancer (high prevalence of schistosomiasis), research surrounding the biology of the disease and translational research including potential biomarkers. The consultation phase highlighted some possible sociocultural and infrastructural issues relating to both the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer, with poor knowledge of bladder cancer and its symptoms within the general population identified as a key issue.

Conclusion

Even though the factors surrounding the relationship between schistosomiasis and the histopathology of bladder cancer remain unclear, there is potential for screening for schistosomiasis in endemic regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Other key areas for future research include the dissemination of information to the general population surrounding bladder cancer and its symptoms to encourage prompt diagnosis.
When the game is hard, more complex weapons are needed
Authors: Mercadante Sebastiano , Adile Claudio , Ferrera Patrizia , Giuliana Fausto
Published: March 2022

Objectives

The aim of this paper is to illustrate how to manage a very difficult pain condition.

Methods

This is a clinical note of a complex approach using multiple analgesic regimens to effectively afford challenging pain situations.

Results

A man underwent an opioid dose titration, followed by dose stabilisation for some months. Then he underwent two opioid substitutions, unsuccessfully. A spinal analgesia provided good analgesia for a prolonged period of time, necessitating variable interventions to counteract the evolving, challenging clinical situation.

Conclusions

The description of this case illustrates the need of a high level of experience and knowledge to elaborate complex strategies step by step every time the pain syndrome was worsening. Recommendations are unlikely in these extreme circumstances, and treatment should be based on continuous clinical counteraction to the evolving clinical conditions.
Conscientious objection and the referral requirement as morally permissible moral mistakes
Authors: Emmerich Nathan
Published: March 2022

Some contributions to the current literature on conscience objection in healthcare posit the notion that the requirement to refer patients to a non-objecting provider is a morally questionable undertaking in need of explanation. The issue is that providing a referral renders those who conscientiously object to being involved in a particular intervention complicit in its provision. This essay seeks to engage with such claims and argues that referrals can be construed in terms of what Harman calls morally permissible moral mistakes. I go on to suggest that one might frame the (in)actions of those who exercise the right of non-participation generated by the claim to conscientiously object in similar terms; they can also be considered morally permissible moral mistakes. Finally, and given that the arguments already advanced involve simultaneously looking at the same issue from competing ethical perspectives, I offer some brief remarks that support viewing conscientious objection as an ethicopolitical device.
The geometrical information encoded by the Euler obstruction of a map
Authors: Grulha Nivaldo G. , Ruiz Camila M. , Santana Hellen
Published: March 2022

In this work, we investigate the topological information captured by the Euler obstruction of a map-germ, [Formula: see text], where (X, 0) denotes a germ of a complex d-equidimensional singular space, with d > 2, and its relation with the local Euler obstruction of the coordinate functions and consequently, with the Brasselet number. Moreover, under some technical conditions on the domain, we relate the Chern number of a special collection related to the map-germ f at the origin with the number of cusps of a generic perturbation of f on a stabilization of (X, f).
Corrigendum to “On two conjectures concerning convex curves”, by V. Sedykh and B. Shapiro
Authors: Shapiro Boris , Shapiro Michael
Published: March 2022

As was pointed out by S. Karp, Theorem B of paper [V. Sedykh and B. Shapiro, On two conjectures concerning convex curves, Int. J. Math. 16(10) (2005) 1157–1173] is wrong. Its claim is based on an erroneous example obtained by multiplication of three concrete totally positive [Formula: see text] upper-triangular matrices, but the order of multiplication of matrices used to produce this example was not the correct one. Below we present a right statement which claims the opposite to that of Theorem B. Its proof can be essentially found in a recent paper [N. Arkani-Hamed, T. Lam and M. Spradlin, Non-perturbative geometries for planar [Formula: see text] SYM amplitudes, J. High Energy Phys. 2021 (2021) 65].
On effects of the nonlinear signal production to the boundedness and finite-time blow-up in a flux-limited chemotaxis model
Authors: Tu Xinyu , Mu Chunlai , Zheng Pan
Published: March 2022

We study herein the initial–boundary value problem for the flux-limited chemotaxis model with nonlinear signal production [Formula: see text] subject to no-flux boundary conditions in a ball [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. For radially symmetric and positive initial data [Formula: see text], it is proved that the corresponding solution is globally bounded when [Formula: see text]. This result not only fills up a gap left in [M. Mizukami, T. Ono and T. Yokota, Extensibility criterion ruling out gradient blowup in a quasilinear degenerate chemotaxis system, J. Differ. Equ. 267(2019) 5115–5164; Y. Chiyoda, M. Mizukami and T. Yokota, Finite-time blow-up in a quasilinear degenerate chemotaxis system with flux limitation, Acta. Appl. Math. 167 (2020) 231–259] when [Formula: see text], but also extend the boundedness result from the special case [Formula: see text] to the general case [Formula: see text].

Moreover, under the condition [Formula: see text] it is shown that if [Formula: see text] is sufficiently large, then there exists initial data [Formula: see text] such that the corresponding solution blows up at finite time [Formula: see text] in the sense that [Formula: see text] This blow-up result generalizes the works for the linear signal production case in (N. Bellomo and M. Winkler, Finite-time blow-up in a degenerate chemotaxis system with flux limitation, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. Ser. B 4 (2017) 31–67; Y. Chiyoda, M. Mizukami and T. Yokota, Finite-time blow-up in a quasilinear degenerate chemotaxis system with flux limitation, Acta. Appl. Math. 167 (2020) 231–259) to the nonlinear case [Formula: see text].
Cosmological parameters in Barrow holographic dark energy
Authors: Remya A , Pankaj  , Sharma Umesh Kumar
Published: March 2022

This work is dedicated to the cosmological scenario of the Barrow holographic dark energy (BHDE) in the light of time varying deceleration parameter. We investigate the evolution of a spatially flat Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) universe filled with pressure-less dark matter and BHDE density. We analyze the evolutionary history of essential cosmological parameters, including the deceleration parameter, the equation of state parameter, and the density parameter, using the Hubble horizon as the IR cut-off, and find appropriate characteristics in the BHDE model. Also, we examine the various structures of the model by reconstructing the scalar field potential to describe the universe accelerated expansion phase. For more accuracy of the dark energy model characteristics, we include the statefinder pair (r,s) which mimics the [Formula: see text]CDM model.
Dynamic analysis of an HIV/AIDS treatment model incorporating MSM
Authors: Zhang Juping , Hao Wenhui , Jin Zhen
Published: March 2022

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has a serious impact on human health and life safety. In order to study its related factors, this paper establishes an HIV/AIDS model with treatment individuals based on heterosexual contact and male-to-male sexual contact. Using the method of next generation matrix, the threshold [Formula: see text] of the model is given. When [Formula: see text], it proves the global stability of the disease-free equilibrium. When [Formula: see text], it studies the dynamics of the boundary equilibrium and the endemic equilibrium under different conditions. Finally, through numerical simulations, the correctness of the theoretical results is verified. The key parameters affecting the spread of HIV are found through parameter sensitivity analysis, which provides a theoretical basis for effective control of the spread of HIV.
Identities for hyperconvex Anosov representations
Authors: He Yan Mary
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we establish Basmajian’s identity for certain [Formula: see text]-hyperconvex Anosov representations from a free group into [Formula: see text]. We then study our series identities on holomorphic families of Cantor non-conformal repellers associated to complex [Formula: see text]-hyperconvex Anosov representations. We show that the series is absolutely summable if the Hausdorff dimension of the Cantor set is strictly less than one. Throughout the domain of convergence, these identities can be analytically continued and they exhibit nontrivial monodromy.
LookOut! Interactive Camera Gimbal Controller for Filming Long Takes
Authors: Sayed Mohamed , Cinca Robert , Costanza Enrico , Brostow Gabriel
Published: March 2022

The job of a camera operator is challenging, and potentially dangerous, when filming long moving camera shots. Broadly, the operator must keep the actors in frame while safely navigating around obstacles and while fulfilling an artistic vision. We propose a unified hardware and software system that distributes some of the camera operator’s burden, freeing the operator up to focus on safety and aesthetics during a take. Our real-time system provides solo operators with end-to-end control so that they can balance on-set responsiveness to action against planned storyboards and framing while looking where they are going. By default, we film without a field monitor.

Our LookOut system is built around a lightweight commodity camera gimbal mechanism, with heavy modifications to the controller, which would normally just provide active stabilization. Our control algorithm reacts to speech commands, video, and a premade script. Specifically, our automatic monitoring of the live video feed saves the operator from distractions. In preproduction, an artist uses our graphical user interface (GUI) to design a sequence of high-level camera “behaviors.” Those can be specific, based on a storyboard, or looser objectives, such as “frame both actors.” Then, during filming, a machine-readable script, exported from the GUI, ties together with the sensor readings to drive the gimbal. To validate our algorithm, we compared tracking strategies, interfaces, and hardware protocols and collected impressions from (a) filmmakers who used all aspects of our system and (b) filmmakers who watched footage filmed using LookOut.
A Large-Scale Comparison of Tetrahedral and Hexahedral Elements for Solving Elliptic PDEs with the Finite Element Method
Authors: Schneider Teseo , Hu Yixin , Gao Xifeng , Dumas Jérémie , Zorin Denis , Panozzo Daniele
Published: March 2022

The
Finite Element Method (FEM)
is widely used to solve discrete
Partial Differential Equations (PDEs)
in engineering and graphics applications. The popularity of FEM led to the development of a large family of variants, most of which require a tetrahedral or hexahedral mesh to construct the basis. While the theoretical properties of FEM basis (such as convergence rate, stability, etc.) are well understood under specific assumptions on the mesh quality, their practical performance, influenced
both
by the choice of the basis construction and quality of mesh generation, have not been systematically documented for large collections of automatically meshed 3D geometries.

We introduce a set of benchmark problems involving most commonly solved elliptic PDEs, starting from simple cases with an analytical solution, moving to commonly used test problem setups, and using manufactured solutions for thousands of real-world, automatically meshed geometries. For all these cases, we use state-of-the-art meshing tools to create both tetrahedral and hexahedral meshes, and compare the performance of different element types for common elliptic PDEs.

The goal of this benchmark is to enable comparison of complete FEM pipelines, from mesh generation to algebraic solver, and exploration of relative impact of different factors on the overall system performance.

As a specific application of our geometry and benchmark dataset, we explore the question of relative advantages of unstructured (triangular/ tetrahedral) and structured (quadrilateral/hexahedral) discretizations. We observe that for Lagrange-type elements, while linear tetrahedral elements perform poorly, quadratic tetrahedral elements perform equally well or outperform hexahedral elements for our set of problems and currently available mesh generation algorithms. This observation suggests that for common problems in structural analysis, thermal analysis, and low Reynolds number flows, high-quality results can be obtained with unstructured tetrahedral meshes, which can be created robustly and automatically.

We release the description of the benchmark problems, meshes, and reference implementation of our testing infrastructure to enable statistically significant comparisons between different FE methods, which we hope will be helpful in the development of new meshing and FEA techniques.
Dev2PQ: Planar Quadrilateral Strip Remeshing of Developable Surfaces
Authors: Verhoeven Floor , Vaxman Amir , Hoffmann Tim , Sorkine-Hornung Olga
Published: March 2022

We introduce an algorithm to remesh triangle meshes representing developable surfaces to planar quad dominant meshes. The output of our algorithm consists of planar quadrilateral (PQ) strips that are aligned to principal curvature directions and closely approximate the curved parts of the input developable, and planar polygons representing the flat parts of the input that connect the PQ strips. Developable PQ-strip meshes are useful in many areas of shape modeling, thanks to the simplicity of fabrication from flat sheet material. Unfortunately, they are difficult to model due to their restrictive combinatorics. Other representations of developable surfaces, such as arbitrary triangle or quad meshes, are more suitable for interactive freeform modeling but generally have non-planar faces or are not aligned to principal curvatures. Our method leverages the modeling flexibility of non-ruling-based representations of developable surfaces while still obtaining developable, curvature-aligned PQ-strip meshes. Our algorithm optimizes for a scalar function on the input mesh, such that its isolines are extrinsically straight and align well to the locally estimated ruling directions. The condition that guarantees straight isolines is non-linear of high order and numerically difficult to enforce in a straightforward manner. We devise an alternating optimization method that makes our problem tractable and practical to compute. Our method works automatically on any developable input, including multiple patches and curved folds, without explicit domain decomposition. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on a variety of developable surfaces and show how our remeshing can be used alongside handle-based interactive freeform modeling of developable shapes.
Introducing the new role of the director of diversity and outreach
Authors: Smeaton Alan , Boll Susanne
Published: March 2022

Over the last few decades SIGMM has grown with regard to the number and size of conferences and workshops we organize and sponsor, and we have grown with regard to our international outreach. Researchers from all over the world now participate in SIGMM and its many activities. In the same way in which we grow internationally with regard to members, with regard to the participants attending our conferences and their different backgrounds, the diversity of SIGMM is also growing. However, we can observe that diversity and all the aspects it brings to a society is not necessarily "just something" but needs to be supported and embraced by a cultural change of the organization and all its members.
Perspective—Redox Ionic Liquid Electrolytes for Supercapattery
Authors: Guan Li , Chen George Z. , Croft Anna K. , Grant David M.
Published: March 2022

Adding redox activity into ionic liquids (ILs) extends their practical roles beyond an inert ionic conductor or electrolyte for applications in electrochemical energy storage. Especially for supercapatteries, redox ILs are desirable because they can contribute to increasing the charge storage capacity by merging the capacitive and Nernstian storage mechanisms without compromising their intrinsic wide potential windows. Several prospects of redox ILs are identified and discussed for optimising performance in supercapatteries.
Editors’ Choice—Review—Designing Defects and Diffusion through Substitutions in Metal Halide Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Combs Sinclair R. , Todd Paul K. , Gorai Prashun , Maughan Annalise E.
Published: March 2022

Ternary metal halides A
3
MX
6, (A = Li+, Na+; M = trivalent metal; X = halide) are a promising family of solid electrolytes for potential applications in all-solid-state batteries. Recent research efforts have demonstrated that chemical substitution at all three sites is an effective strategy to controlling battery-relevant material properties. The A
3
MX
6 family exhibits a wide breadth of structure and anion sublattice types, making it worthwhile to comprehend how chemical substitutions manifest desirable functional properties including ion transport, electrochemical stability, and environmental tolerance. Yet, a cohesive understanding of the materials design principles for these substitutions have not yet been developed. Here, we bring together prior literature focused on chemical substitutions in the A
3
MX
6 ternary metal halide solid electrolytes. Using materials chemistry perspectives and principles, we aim to provide insights into the relationships between crystal structure, choice of substituting ions and the extent of substitutions, ionic conductivity, and electrochemical stability. We further present targeted approaches to future substitution studies to enable transformative advances in A
3
MX
6 solid electrolytes and all-solid-state batteries.
Comprehensive Performance Analysis of Classifiers in Diagnosis of Epilepsy
Authors: Deepa R. , Anand R. , Pandey Digvijay , Pandey Binay Kumar , Karki Bhishma
Published: March 2022

Epilepsy becomes one of the most frequently arising brain disorder, and it is marked by the unexpected occurrence of frequent seizures. In this study, the University of the Boon Database with ictal seizure disorder diagnosis of the epilepsy is classified by making use of the expectation maximization features as dimensionality reduction technique followed by the nonlinear model, namely, Gaussian mixture model, logistic regression, firefly algorithm, and hybrid model such as cuckoo search with Gaussian mixture model and firefly algorithm with the Gaussian mixture model which are the classifiers used for the diagnosis of epilepsy from the electroencephalogram signals. The performance of the classifiers is analyzed based on performance index, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, mean square error, good detection rate, and error rate. The most promising outcome in this work indicates expectation maximization features are applied as the dimensionality reduction technique and the hybrid model Cuckoo search with the Gaussian mixture model outperforms with classification accuracy of 92.19%, performance index of 81.43%, good detection rate of 83.48%, and with low error rate of 15.62%, among other classifiers.
Evaluation of Brain SPECT with 99mTc-TRODAT-1 in the Differential Diagnosis of Parkinsonism
Authors: Fabiani Giorgio , Camargo Carlos Henrique Ferreira , Filho Raul Martins , Froehner Gabriel Sampaio , Teive Hélio Afonso Ghizoni
Published: March 2022

Introduction. Brain SPECT with 99mTc-TRODAT-1 (SPECT-TRODAT) may be a useful tool in the differential diagnosis of Parkinsonism. Objective. To compare results of SPECT-TRODAT with clinical findings in patients with Parkinsonism. Methods. We evaluated 153 outpatients. SPECT-TRODAT results were visually analyzed into normal, abnormal, symmetric, and asymmetric, and according to the degree of impairment into mild, moderate, marked, and severe (1–4). Results. A direct relationship was found between motor scores severity (MDS-UPDRS-III) and SPECT-TRODAT-reduced binding in general, in the group of patients with synucleinopathies (rho = 0.258,

p
=
0.005

), especially in patients with Parkinson’s disease (rho = 0.204,

p
=
0.049

). Changes in SPECT-TRODAT had high correspondence with symmetry in all Parkinsonism. When comparing groups to the correspondence predominantly bilateral or unilateral impairment in SPECT, there was a difference between patients with SNP (

p
=
0.041

) and between this group and patients with secondary Parkinsonism (SP) (

p
<
0.0001

). It was handy in differentiating drug-induced Parkinsonism from synucleinopathies. In the group of drug-induced Parkinsonism, younger people were the ones who showed the most significant reductions in radiotracer uptake. In this group, nonmotor signs resulted in examinations with more significant reductions in radiotracer uptake. When the scans without alterations and those that did not correspond to the symmetry were considered negative, SPECT-TRODAT’s accuracy and specificity to differentiate PD from other forms of Parkinsonism were low. There was an inverse correlation between the severity of the SPECT-TRODAT result and the absence of nonmotor signs in patients with drug-induced Parkinsonism. Conclusion. The authors concluded that the SPECT with 99mTc-TRODAT-1 was mainly useful in differentiating between synucleinopathies and secondary Parkinsonism.
Corpus-Based Japanese Reading Teaching Database Cloud Service Model
Authors: Liu Xiaoying
Published: March 2022

With the widespread application of mobile Internet technology, big data, and artificial intelligence, the demand for computing resources in the whole society is growing rapidly. Database cloud service is an online managed high-availability database service built on a cloud computing platform. It can be used as a basic service of the cloud computing platform and has the characteristics of high service availability and high data reliability. The purpose of this paper is to design a corpus-based Japanese reading teaching database cloud service system and integrate a machine learning-based Structure Query Language (SQL) injection detection function for the system. The proposed work is as follows: (1) Design the basic framework of database cloud service. The module of cloud database service is introduced, and the realization logic of main system functions is analyzed. (2) A SQL injection classifier based on feature engineering and machine learning is designed for database cloud services, which can determine whether the input SQL command is an injection statement. The classifier is deployed between the database instance and the front-end server to integrate the SQL injection detection function into the cloud database instance. Then use the support vector machine algorithm to perform simulation experiments on the classifier model to compare the classification performance of the support vector machine algorithm when using different kernel functions. It is found that when the classification decision threshold is 0.5, the classifier using linear kernel function or radial basis kernel function has better classification performance for SQL sentences.
Personality Traits as Predictors of Self-Regulated Learning and Academic Engagement among College Students in Ghana: A Dimensional Multivariate Approach
Authors: Mahama Inuusah , Dramanu Bakari Yusuf , Eshun Peter , Nandzo Aliu , Baidoo-Anu David , Amponsah Mavis Ansu
Published: March 2022

The study explored personality traits as they predicted self-regulated learning and academic engagement among college students in Ghana. A sample of 652 (return rate was 87.0%) was drawn from an accessible population of 17,396. Adapted versions of Taiwanese Short Self-Regulation Questionnaire (22 items; α = 0.84), University Student Engagement Inventory (15 items; α = 0.81), and Big-Five Personality Inventory (30 items; α = 0.70) were used for the data collection. The data collected were analysed using multivariate multiple regression. The study revealed that student-teachers exhibited lower levels of self-regulated learning and academic engagement. Again, openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness aspects of the personality traits predicted self-regulated learning and academic engagements of students. Findings from this study serve as a beacon for teacher education programs in Ghana to scale up their efforts in ensuring that preservice teachers are able to self-regulate their learning. As preservice teachers who will soon be practicing, they cannot help their students self-regulate their learning if they themselves have low levels of self-regulation and engagement. Students’ success can only be realized when learners are able to manage their own learning and engage in academic activities.
The Psychosocial Impact of Dental Esthetics in Undergraduates with Borderline Malocclusion
Authors: Zheng Hong , Shi Qingjuan , Du Wulong , Lin Feiou
Published: March 2022

Background. The study investigates the existing correlation between self-perceived malocclusion, the psychosocial impact of dental esthetics, and whether this link involves personality traits. Methods. The 179 questionnaires from 615 undergraduates in Wenzhou were used for analysis after applying the exclusion criteria. The Psychosocial Impact of the Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) was administered to evaluate participants’ perceptions of the psychosocial impacts of malocclusion. The need for orthodontic treatment was assessed using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). The Chinese version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Short Scale (EPQ-RSC) evaluated participants’ personality characteristics. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to assess differences between the IOTN-Dental Health Component (DHC) and expectations of orthodontic treatment. Linear regression was applied with PADAQ and its subscale scores against possible variables. Results. The total and subscale PIDAQ scores were positively correlated with neuroticism. Total PIDAQ scores, the DHC, and the Aesthetic Component (AC) were significantly positively correlated with the subjective AC. The DHC was significantly negatively correlated with extroversion. Conclusions. We confirmed a modest link between the need for orthodontic treatment and the psychosocial impact of dental esthetics.
Comprehensive Test and Evaluation Analysis of Permeable Concrete (PC) Clogging by Using Steel Slag
Authors: Yang Cao , Shah Ismail , Jing Wang , Khan Nauman , Jing Li
Published: March 2022

In recent decade, researchers have more attention to water resource protection and forward the concept of sponge city construction. PC is becoming more and more popular as a rainwater management tool because of fast climate changes worldwide. In this experiment, PC specimens were prepared with steel slag as aggregate, and the targeted porosity of specimens was 15%, 20%, and 25% respectively, and the ratio of water to cement was 0.38, 0.4, and 0.42. The PC specimens under the 200 mm high head are the most severely blocked; 0.283 m/s high‐speed horizontal runoff appears after the rapid plugging stage later in the other two types of speed tests. With time, the plugging effect of the test specimen is almost the same; the clogging degree of the PC sample with the porosity of 25% is more obvious than that of other porosity test specimens. The PC with large porosity is more serious to clogging because the higher seepage velocity will enter the internal tunnel with higher penetration force, which increases the possibility of clogging. Tests have shown that, at different rainwater runoff head heights, the PC specimens under the 200 mm high head are the most severely blocked; 0.283 m/s high‐speed horizontal runoff appears after the rapid plugging stage later in the other two types of speed tests but over time. With time, the plugging effect of the test specimen was almost the same; the clogging degree of the permeable concrete sample with the porosity of 25% is more obvious than that of other porosity test specimens. While it is noticed that the compressive strength of the PC after clogging has decreased in the freeze‐thaw environment, the destruction process is faster than the unblocked test specimen.
Parity of Calving Influences the Likelihood of Calves Having Cryptosporidium spp.
Authors: Zolova Alīna , Keidāne Dace , Zolovs Maksims
Published: March 2022

The effect of colostrum on calves’ health status was intensively studied, while the role of transition milk was left underestimated. The common practice is to feed calves with an adequate amount of colostrum immediately after calving and soon after feeding calves are weaned from dams. In this research, calves were not weaned from dams for at least 2 weeks receiving both colostrum and transition milk on demand. Thus, we have recreated natural feeding conditions for calves’ development. We used a stratified sample method to test whether the size of the dairy cattle farms, breed, parity number, season of calving, and length of the dry period affect the likelihood of calves’ infection with Cryptosporidium spp. considering these factors influence both colostrum and transition milk quality. The main results showed that 26.1% of calves were positive for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts. The presence of clinical signs of diarrhea was recorded in 15% of the positive animals. Regression analysis showed that multiparous cows decrease the chance of calves to have Cryptosporidium spp. by 82%–89%, while cows calved on small farms decrease the chance of calves to have Cryptosporidium spp. by 80%. We suggest that primiparous cows are spending inner resources primarily on their maturation, thereby leaving the prerequisites for the infection of their offspring, while intense farming just increases the chance of unprotected calves to obtain infections.
Chromium Ion Accumulations from Aqueous Solution by the Eichorinia crassipes Plant and Reusing in the Synthesis of Cr‐Doped ZnO Photocatalyst
Authors: Zelekew Osman Ahmed , Fufa Paulos Asefa , Sabir Fedlu Kedir , Andoshe Dinsefa Mensur , Gultom Noto Susanto , Abdellah Hairus , Kuo Dong-Hau , Chen Xiaoyun , Devulapalli Gopal Krishna
Published: March 2022

The Cr‐doped ZnO photocatalysts were synthesized through the chromium ion accumulations by water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). In the preparation process, the plant tissues were immersed in different sample flasks containing chromium precursors for 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 days. The plant tissue containing chromium ion was mixed with zinc precursor followed by calcinations. For simplicity, the prepared Cr‐doped ZnO samples with the plant immersed for 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 days were abbreviated as D1, D2, D4, D6, and D8, respectively. Moreover, pure ZnO was also prepared without the water hyacinth plant accumulated with chromium ion for comparison purposes. The powder sample characterizations were performed and evaluated in the degradation of methylene blue (MB). The Cr‐doped ZnO sample (D1) degrades 80% of MB dye while the D2, D4, D6, D8, and pure ZnO samples degrade only 74, 76, 79, 73, and 25%, respectively. On the other hand, without the addition of catalysts (blank), there was no significant degradation of MB dye within 90 min irradiation. Therefore, the degradation performance of Cr‐doped ZnO in the presence of optimum amount of chromium dopant and water hyacinth is highly improved than that of pure ZnO. The catalytic improvement may be as a result of reducing the photogenerated electron and hole recombination rates due to the presence of dopants. Moreover, the presence of the Eichhornia crassipes plant in the synthesis of Cr‐doped ZnO could also prevent further aggregations and particle size growth and enhance the porosity after calcination.
State‐of‐the‐Art Review on Failure Mechanism and Waterproofing Performance of Linings for Shield Tunnels
Authors: Du Shaoshuai , Tang Jinhua
Published: March 2022

The introduction and development of shield tunnels have led to the innovation of precast segmental linings, which has significant advantages in improving the construction speed compared with in‐situ cast concrete linings. However, damage of the linings and water leakage at the lining joints highlight defects in the design and construction of the linings. In this regard, it is necessary to investigate the failure mechanism of linings for shield tunnels and evaluate the waterproofing performance and repercussions of lining joints. The relevant research results published in recent years are reviewed in this paper, focusing on the failure mechanisms of linings and the waterproofing performance of lining joints. Progressive failure and instability of linings are introduced. Progressive failure has three stages: initial elastic stage, local damage stage, and overall failure stage. The performance‐based design of joint waterproofing is described in seven steps. Further opportunities for the investigation of this topic are discussed.
Synchronization of a Supply Chain Model with Four Chaotic Attractors
Authors: Zheng Jing , Zhang Qiongxin , Xu Qi , Xu Fei , Shi Victor
Published: March 2022

In this article, we construct a three‐stage supply chain model using a system of differential equations to reveal the interplay among producers, distributors, and end customers. On the one hand, information about the products and production is exchanged between each stage in the supply chain system. Such information affects the behaviors of each stage. On the other hand, the transport of products between the stages of the supply chain affects the behavior of the system. Our findings are summarized as follows: First, we find that the supply chain model is a system with four chaotic attractors. Second, we explore the synchronization of such a chaotic system. Third, according to the characteristics of the chaotic system, we design a variety of simple control laws to realize the synchronization of two chaotic systems with the same structure. These control laws for the chaotic system are proved to realize local asymptotic synchronization or global exponential synchronization. Numerical simulations are conducted to confirm that the designed controls work well.
Sports Training Strategies and Interactive Control Methods Based on Neural Network Models
Authors: Li Xulei , Li Yupeng
Published: March 2022

Sports training strategies should be combined with science and technology to design the most suitable coaching strategies for athletes. In the current 5G Internet of Everything, the collection of wireless sensors and the deep learning of neural networks provide a new direction for the formulation of sports training strategies, guiding sports strategies to be more effective and scientific. This article aims to study and formulate sports training strategies, through the empowerment of science and technology, to better guide scientific training. With the help of the collection and sorting of sensors, the neural network allows deep learning of data, realizes human-computer interaction, and allows machines to better serve humans. This paper proposes an interactive control strategy for sports training, which enhances the interactive control of humans and machines and improves the level of training through the deep fusion of data. The experimental results of this article show that the human-computer interaction exercise training can better guide the exercise training and improve the training efficiency by 20%.
Analysis on the Impact of Large‐Scale Sports Events on Regional Economy Based on SWOT‐PEST Model
Authors: Wang Lina , Zhao Fanfei , Zhang Guanqun
Published: March 2022

Against the background of surging globalization and accelerating urbanization, more and more cities are choosing to reposition their urban landscape by hosting sports events at different levels to achieve a great leap forward in urban development. Major sporting events can quickly gather various resources from all over the country and even the world for a city, promoting it to become a world‐famous city with international influence. In the twenty‐first century, more and more Chinese cities are bidding to host important sporting events at different levels, but historical experience shows that hosting slightly important sporting events is a “double‐edged sword” and economic benefits are no longer the main reason for a city to host an event. Using the SWOT‐PEST model, this paper provides an in‐depth analysis of the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities, and challenges of marginally important sporting events of different levels affecting the regional economy from political, economic, social, and technological aspects, so as to understand in detail the economic impact of sporting events.