bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic models for prediction of cutting forces and power consumption considering chip geometry
Authors: Vara Prasad V Umasai , Rao K Venkata , Murthy PBGSN
Published: October 2020

A novel approach for modeling and simulation of cutting force and power consumption in relation to chip geometry has been proposed in end milling‌ of AISI D2 steel. It is carried out in two stages: experimental work and finite element method based numerical simulation. In the first stage, experiments are conducted on the AISI D2 steel at two levels of spindle rotational speed, axial depth of cuts and four levels of feed per tooth using 10 mm and 8 mm diameter mill cutters. Cutting forces and amplitude of cutter vibration are measured in X and Y directions. Mechanistic models in terms of chip geometry and cutting force coefficients are developed to predict cutting forces and power consumption relative to chip geometry at 30°, 60° and 90° of cutter rotation. In the second stage, numerical simulation is carried out to predict cutting forces and power consumption relative to chip geometry at 30°, 60° and 90° of cutter rotation and compared with estimated values of cutting forces and power consumption. The maximum error between the two approaches for the cutting forces in X and Y directions and power consumption is estimated as 10.80%, 8.33% and 7.70% respectively. At spindle rotational speed of 2000 rpm, 0.3 mm of axial depth of cut and 50 µm of feed per tooth, the cutting forces and cutting power consumption are found minimum.
Grid transformation and dynamic scattering for tail rotor radar cross section analysis
Authors: Zhou Zeyang , Huang Jun
Published: October 2020

With the promotion and enhancement of stealth technology of helicopter rotor components, the research on the dynamic radar cross section (RCS) of helicopter rotor is becoming more and more important and imminent. In order to facilitate the calculation and analysis of the electromagnetic scattering characteristics during rotor rotation, a dynamic scattering calculation (DSC) method based on quasi-static principle (QSP) and grid coordinate transformation is presented. After analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of QSP, the dynamic principle is used to describe the rotation process of the rotor. Combined with the grid coordinate transformation method, the RCS of the rotor is accurately calculated by physical optics (PO) and physical theory of diffraction (PTD). Then the influence of azimuth, elevator angle and observation distance on rotor dynamic RCS is analyzed. The results show RCS of the tail rotor is indeed dynamic and periodic and its main influencing factors include azimuth and elevation angle. The proposed DSC method is efficient and effective for studying the dynamic RCS of tail rotor.
The Worst-Motive Fallacy: A Negativity Bias in Motive Attribution
Authors: Walmsley Joel , O’Madagain Cathal
Published: October 2020

In this article, we describe a hitherto undocumented fallacy—in the sense of a mistake in reasoning—constituted by a negativity bias in the way that people attribute motives to others. We call this the “worst-motive fallacy,” and we conducted two experiments to investigate it. In Experiment 1 ( N = 323), participants expected protagonists in a variety of fictional vignettes to pursue courses of action that satisfy the protagonists’ worst motive, and furthermore, participants significantly expected the protagonist to pursue a worse course of action than they would prefer themselves. Experiment 2 ( N = 967) was a preregistered attempted replication of Experiment 1, including a bigger range of vignettes; the first effect was not replicated for the new vignettes tested but was for the original set. Also, we once again found that participants expected protagonists to be more likely than they were themselves to pursue courses of action that they considered morally bad. We discuss the worst-motive fallacy’s relation to other well-known biases as well as its possible evolutionary origins and its ethical (and meta-ethical) consequences.
Historical borders and maps as symbolic supports to master narratives and history education
Authors: Parellada Cristian , Carretero Mario , Rodríguez-Moneo María
Published: October 2020

This article represents an attempt to establish a fruitful dialogue among the field of border studies, history education, sociocultural psychology, and the history of cartography. Seminal studies on borders have asserted that the historical maps included in textbooks are basically an imagined representation. This paper will consider the extent to which cultural and educational origins and uses of these maps, particularly in school settings, act as a support to historical essentialist views. Via the example of history education in Argentina, we carried out an empirical and theoretical examination of the processes of cultural production and consumption of historical maps and their relationship to historical master narratives. Results show that most laypeople largely think of national borders as possessing an essential and immutable character. We consider that closer study, from a sociocultural perspective, of the relationship between master narratives and historical maps may add an enriching element to the existing body of work produced by border studies.
Associations of site-specific CD4+-T-cell hypomethylation within CD40-ligand promotor and enhancer regions with disease activity of women with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Vordenbäumen Stefan , Rosenbaum Anna , Gebhard Claudia , Raithel Johanna , Sokolowski Alexander , Düsing Christina , Chehab Gamal , Richter Jutta G , Brinks Ralph , Rehli Michael , Schneider Matthias
Published: October 2020

Objective

To comprehensively assess associations of site-specific CD4+-T-cell hypomethylation of the CD40-Ligand gene ( CD40L) with disease activity of women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

CpG-sites within the DNA of the promotor and two enhancer regions (n = 22) of CD40L were identified and numbered consecutively. The rate of methylated DNA in isolated CD4+-T-cells of women with SLE were quantified for each methylation site by MALDI-TOF. Disease activity was assessed by SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Associations of site-specific methylation rates with the SLEDAI scores were assessed by linear regression modelling. P values were adjusted according to Bonferroni-Holm as indicated.

Results

60 female SLE patients participated in the study (age 45.7 ± 11.1 years, disease duration 17.0 ± 8.3 years). Significant associations to the SLEDAI were noted for CpG22 hypomethylation of the promotor (β = −40.1, p = 0.017, adjusted p = 0.027), trends were noted for CpG17 hypomethylation of the promotor (β = −30.5, p = 0.032, adjusted p = 0.6), and for CpG11 hypermethylation of the second enhancer (β = 15.0, p = 0.046, adjusted p = 0.8).

Conclusion

Site-specific hypomethylation of the CD40L promotor in CD4+-T-cells show associations with disease activity in female SLE patients.
What is the value of repeat kidney biopsies in patients with lupus nephritis?
Authors: Morales Enrique , Trujillo Hernando , Bada Teresa , Alonso Marina , Gutiérrez Eduardo , Rodríguez Esther , Gutiérrez Elena , Galindo María , Praga Manuel
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Recent studies with protocol biopsies have shown a mismatch between clinical and histological remission in lupus nephritis (LN). We aimed to evaluate histological changes in repeat kidney biopsies by clinical indication in patients with LN.

Methods

We analyzed 107 patients with LN in which a kidney biopsy was performed between 2008 and 2018. Of those, we included 26 (24.2%) who had ≥2 kidney biopsies. Classification was done according to the International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society.

Results

Mean time between biopsies was 71.5 ± 10.7 months. 73.1% of patients presented a change of class at repeat biopsy; 38.4% to a higher class and 34.6% to a lower class. A significant increase in glomerulosclerosis (% GS) (3.8% vs 18.7%, p = 0.006), interstitial fibrosis (3.8% vs 26.9%, p = 0.021), tubular atrophy (15.4% vs 57.7%, p = 0.001) and chronicity index (CI) (1 vs 3, p < 0.001) was observed at repeat biopsy. Subjects who developed chronic kidney disease progression had a lower rate of complete remission at 12 months (0% vs 37.5%, p = 0.02), higher % GS at first biopsy (7.9% vs 1.2%, p = 0.02) and higher CI (4 vs 2, p = 0.006), tubular atrophy (90% vs 37.6%, p = 0.008), interstitial fibrosis (50% vs 12.5%, p = 0.036) and vascular lesions (60% vs 18.8%, p = 0.031) at second biopsy.

Conclusions

Our major finding was that patients with LN showed a significant increase in % GS, interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy and vascular lesions in repeat biopsies performed by clinical indication. This suggest that a second kidney biopsy may provide valuable and useful information regarding kidney disease progression.
Population health AI researchers’ perceptions of the public portrayal of AI: A pilot study
Authors: Samuel Gabrielle , Diedericks Heilien , Derrick Gemma
Published: October 2020

This article reports how 18 UK and Canadian population health artificial intelligence researchers in Higher Education Institutions perceive the use of artificial intelligence systems in their research, and how this compares with their perceptions about the media portrayal of artificial intelligence systems. This is triangulated with a small scoping analysis of how UK and Canadian news articles portray artificial intelligence systems associated with health research and care. Interviewees had concerns about what they perceived as sensationalist reporting of artificial intelligence systems – a finding reflected in the media analysis. In line with Pickersgill’s concept of ‘epistemic modesty’, they considered artificial intelligence systems better perceived as non-exceptionalist methodological tools that were uncertain and unexciting. Adopting ‘epistemic modesty’ was sometimes hindered by stakeholders to whom the research is disseminated, who may be less interested in hearing about the uncertainties of scientific practice, having implications on both research and policy.
Inhibition of Peripheral ERK Signaling Ameliorates Persistent Muscle Pain Around Trigger Points in Rats
Authors: Zhu Yu-Chang , Jin Fei-Hong , Zhang Ming-Yang , Qi Feng
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the ERK signaling pathway was involved in ameliorating chronic myofascial hyperalgesia from contused gastrocnemius muscle in rats. We established an animal model associated with myofascial pain syndrome and described the mechanism of muscle pain in an animal model. Changes in the mechanical pain threshold were observed 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 12, 18, and 24 h after ERK inhibitor injection around myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) of the gastrocnemius muscle in rats. Morphological changes in gastrocnemius muscle cells were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. ERK signaling pathway activation was detected through immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The main morphological characteristics of injured muscle fibers around MTrPs include gathered circular or elliptical shapes of different sizes in the cross-section and continuous inflated and tapering fibers in the longitudinal section. After intramuscular injection of U0126 (ERK inhibitor), the mechanical pain threshold significantly increased. The reduction in mechanical hyperalgesia was accompanied by reduced ERK protein phosphorylation, myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) protein, p-MLC protein expression, and the cross-sectional area of skeletal muscle cells around MTrPs. An ERK inhibitor contributed to the attenuation of mechanical hyperalgesia in the rat myofascial pain model, and the increase in pain threshold may be related to MLCK downregulation and other related contraction-associated proteins by ERK.
Interrogating Social and Solidarity Economies Following Marxian Class Focused Approach: Evidence from India
Authors: Bhowmik Manas Ranjan
Published: October 2020

We use a class-focused Marxian approach to examine non-capitalist firms within the Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE) sector in India and draw some theoretical conclusions from it. Cooperatives, labour supply contracts, farmer producer organisations, mutuals, peoples’ credit societies, local alternative currencies—all such initiatives are covered by the umbrella term SSE. This article focuses on generating some broad-based criteria for conceptualising and assessing the successes and failures of firms within the SSE sector; maintaining non-exploitative class processes for a considerable period of time is a good measure of the success of an enterprise within the SSE sector. To this end, three case studies—a Farmer Producer organisation (FPO), handloom weavers’ cooperatives and Timbaktu Collective—have been used to show the impact on the existing class processes and non-class processes. By methodologically following overdetermined interrelationships between SSEs, trade unions and political parties, both of the importance of actual and possible avenues of intervention by way of class and non-class struggles have been pointed out towards the end.

JEL: B14, P13, P16, P32
Prescribing Patterns of Antihypertensive Medications in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Arshad Verda , Samad Zainab , Das Jai , Almas Aysha , Rashid Nouman , Virani Salim S. , Bloomfield Gerald S. , Jafar Tazeen H. , Ahmed Bilal
Published: October 2020

Hypertension is highly prevalent, but its pharmacological management has not been well evaluated in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This review examined the prescribing patterns of antihypertensives in LMICs. Data were extracted from a total of 26 studies spanning the time period 2000 to 2018. In 10 studies, calcium channel blockers (CCBs) were the most frequently prescribed medication for managing hypertension (range = 33% to 72%); in six studies, renin angiotensin system (RAS) blockers (range = 25% to 83%); in five studies, diuretics (range = 39% to 99%); and in five studies, β-blockers (BBs; range = 26% to 49%) were the most commonly prescribed antihypertensive medications. Prescribing sedatives and sublingual administration of captopril for controlling hypertension was also reported in 3 studies. Only 10 studies presented their findings in light of national or international guidelines. This review calls for further antihypertensive utilization and dispensation studies and a better understanding of clinician’s perception and practice of hypertension management guidelines in LMICs.
Tobacco Use and Cessation Among a National Online Sample of Men Who Have Sex With Men in Malaysia
Authors: Lim Sin How , Daghar Lujain , Bullen Christopher , Faiz Hanisah Muhammad , Akbar Mohd , Amer Nordin Amer Siddiq , Yee Anne
Published: October 2020

Previous studies documented the health disparities in smoking among sexual minority populations, including men who have sex with men (MSM). However, smoking behaviors have never been examined among Malaysian MSM, a sexual minority group in a predominantly Muslim country. A total of 622 Malaysian MSM completed an anonymous online survey in 2017. Data on the demographics, smoking and substance use behaviors, psychosocial factors, and attitudes toward smoking cessation were collected and analyzed. The mean age was 28 years and 67% of participants were of Malay ethnicity. The prevalence of current smoking was 23% (n = 143), while former smokers were 9% (n = 59). Current smoking status was associated with HIV-positive status and risk behaviors, such as suicidality, alcohol use, and illicit drug use ( P = .001). Almost two thirds of current smokers had attempted to quit in the past year. Hence, comprehensive smoking cessation interventions addressing the psychosocial needs of MSM should be prioritized.
Athletic naturalisation, nationality and nationalism – Naturalised players in Hong Kong’s representative (national) football team
Authors: Yung Sheung Ching , Chan Annie Hau Nung , Phillips David R
Published: October 2020

The increasing transnational mobility of athletes is accompanied by the growing presence of naturalised athletes in national teams, raising questions about the implications for nationalism and national identity in sports. Hong Kong offers a unique context to examine these issues as a Special Administrative Region of China which has its own representative (‘national’) team despite its non-sovereign status. Using in-depth interviews with 24 informants (fans, players, coaches, etc.), this paper examines how naturalised players from overseas and Mainland China are perceived by stakeholders of Hong Kong football. We found that informants articulated an ‘instrumental-plus’ discourse about these players, and a ‘civic-plus’ conception of nationality. Implications for sport and nationalism in the Hong Kong–China context and beyond are discussed.
Human rights guidance for Australian prisons: Complementing implementation of the OPCAT
Authors: Mackay Anita
Published: October 2020

In 2018, the Corrective Services Administrators’ Council updated the Standard Guidelines for Corrections in Australia (2012), renaming them the Guiding Principles for Corrections in Australia. This was an opportunity to ensure alignment with the 2015 United Nations Mandela Rules. However, the Guiding Principles are less aligned with the Mandela Rules than the 2012 Guidelines were. That is, they represent a step backwards. This article examines this missed opportunity to improve prison practice in three areas of frequent human rights violations of imprisoned people: (1) solitary confinement, (2) bodily searches and (3) use of restraints. It argues that the ACT Standards for Adult Correctional Services provide an excellent model for national guidance that should replace the Guiding Principles.
Detection of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus and other viruses in cats via unbiased next-generation sequencing
Authors: Momoi Yasuyuki , Matsuu Aya
Published: October 2020

We used unbiased next-generation sequencing (NGS) to detect unknown viruses in cats. Serum or plasma samples were obtained from clinically ill cats with suspected acute viral infections. Nucleic acid was extracted from serum or plasma samples to construct a complementary DNA library for NGS. Comprehensive nucleotide sequencing analyses enabled detection of the genomes of various viruses, including the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline morbillivirus, parvovirus, and Torque teno felis virus. Our findings indicate that comprehensive nucleotide analyses of serum or plasma samples can be used to detect infections with unknown viruses in cats.
Unveiling the Necrocapitalist Dimensions of the Shadow Carceral State: On Pay-to-Stay to Recoup the Cost of Incarceration
Authors: Friedman Brittany
Published: October 2020

The expansion of monetary sanctions constitutes what Beckett and Murakawa describe as the “shadow carceral state,” where covert penal power is expanded through institutional annexation by blending civil, administrative, and criminal legal authority. A growing body of work on monetary sanctions has begun to dissect covert penal power by tracing increased civil and administrative pipelines to incarceration, civil financial alternatives to criminal sanctions, and innovations to generate criminal justice revenue. However, institutional annexation and innovation in the form of contemporary pay-to-stay practices remain understudied and undertheorized. In this article, I first examine statutes and practices to theorize pay-to-stay as exemplary of the shadow carceral state—an outcome of legal hybridity and institutional annexation legitimated using the legal construction of “not punishment,” which frames monetary sanctions as non-punitive. Second, I expand Beckett and Murakawa’s framework to argue pay-to-stay practices reveal how the shadow carceral state compounds or initiates the civil death of those charged. I broaden our notion of civil death to include financial indebtedness to the shadow carceral state. I suggest covert penal power expands through the accumulation of resources extracted from people marked for civil death through criminal justice contact. Finally, I conclude that monetary sanctions such as pay-to-stay reveal how the shadow carceral state expands covert penal power through necrocapitalism, meaning institutional accumulation occurs through dispossession and the subjugation of life to the power of death.
Exploring Alcohol Use and Social Connection Among Older Latinxs: A Brief Report
Authors: Patton Rikki , Tadros Eman , Finney Natasha
Published: October 2020

Research exploring alcohol use among older adults is relatively sparse, particularly among racial minoritized individuals. The current study aimed to address this gap in the literature by exploring the relationship between social connection and alcohol use among older Latinxs. Secondary data from the Sacramento Area Latinx Study on Aging were used for the current study. Data were provided from participants of 60-101 years (per ICPSR) ( n = 1,631) who answered questions including demographics, proxy variables assessing social connection, and alcohol use. Several demographic variables were significantly related to alcohol use. Two social connection variables—living alone and friendship—were also significantly related to alcohol use. There is a potential link between alcohol use and social connection among older Latinxs. Further evaluation examining social connection and substance use patterns more generally is needed.
Associations Between Task Performance and Self-Report Measures of Cognitive Control: Shared Versus Distinct Abilities
Authors: Snyder Hannah R. , Friedman Naomi P. , Hankin Benjamin L.
Published: October 2020

Despite overlapping terminology and assumptions that they tap the same constructs, executive function (EF) task performance and EF/effortful control (EC) questionnaires have been reported to be only weakly correlated. It is unclear if this reflects true lack of association or methodological limitations. The current study addresses past methodological limitations using a preregistered latent variable approach in a community youth sample ( N = 291, age 13-22 years). EF task performance was assessed with a well-validated battery inhibition, shifting, and updating tasks. Self-reported EF/EC was assessed using the predominant temperament measure (Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire–Revised [EATQ-R]), and a self-report assessment more closely aligned with EF constructs (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function–Self-Report [BRIEF-SR]). Bifactor models fit the BRIEF-SR, EATQ-R and EF task measures well. Self-reported EF/EC and EF task factors were only weakly correlated on average in youth, although there were some stronger associations in older youth. These results suggest that task-based measures of EF and self-report measures of EF/EC may be best viewed as complementary, but largely distinct, windows on cognitive control.
Rivaroxaban Versus Warfarin for Management of Obese African Americans With Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation or Venous Thromboembolism: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Costa Olivia S. , Beyer-Westendorf Jan , Ashton Veronica , Milentijevic Dejan , Moore Kenneth Todd , Bunz Thomas J. , Coleman Craig I.
Published: October 2020

African Americans (AAs) and obese individuals have increased thrombotic risk. This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of rivaroxaban versus warfarin in obese, AAs with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) or venous thromboembolism (VTE). Optum® De-Identified Electronic Health Record (EHR) data was used to perform separate propensity-score matched analyses of adult, oral anticoagulant (OAC)-naïve AAs with NVAF or acute VTE, respectively; who had a body mass index≥30kg/m2 and ≥12-months EHR activity with ≥1-encounter before OAC initiation. Cox regression was performed and reported as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). For the NVAF analysis, 1,969 rivaroxaban- and 1,969 warfarin-users were matched. Rivaroxaban was not associated with a difference in stroke/systemic embolism versus warfarin (HR = 0.88, 95%CI = 0.60-1.28), but less major bleeding (HR = 0.68, 95%CI = 0.50-0.94) was observed. Among 683 rivaroxaban-users with VTE, 1:1 matched to warfarin-users, rivaroxaban did not alter recurrent VTE (HR = 1.36, 95%CI = 0.79-2.34) or major bleeding (HR = 0.80, 95%CI = 0.37-1.71) risk versus warfarin at 6-months (similar findings observed at 3- and 12-months). Rivaroxaban appeared to be associated with similar thrombotic, and similar or lower major bleeding risk versus warfarin in these obese, AA cohorts.
Research Gate or Revolving Door? Uses and Gratifications of Academic Social Media Among Communication Scholars
Authors: Cozma Raluca , Dimitrova Daniela
Published: October 2020

A survey of scholars in mass communication and related disciplines found that the academic social network ResearchGate is a popular platform for following like-minded academics, sharing one’s work, locating relevant research, and managing one’s academic reputation, in addition to gratifying more traditional social media needs, such as information seeking, social interaction, and even entertainment. The analysis revealed that academics who are extrinsically motivated to conduct research update their accounts more frequently but extract fewer benefits from the platform. Moreover, respondents agree that the RG Score generated by the social platform is not an accurate metric for one’s research impact.
Sources of High School Student First Amendment Knowledge
Authors: Sindik Amy
Published: October 2020

Support and engagement with the First Amendment among high school students is at a high level; however, little is known regarding the ways high school students learn about the First Amendment. This study examines what sources students learn about the First Amendment from, and if some sources are considered more valuable than others. This study focuses on three primary possible First Amendment sources: parents, classes, and media. This issue is examined through a survey of high school students. The study indicates that classes are the most frequent, and most valuable, source of First Amendment knowledge.
Pharmacological interventions for preventing anthracycline-induced clinical and subclinical cardiotoxicity: A network meta-analysis of metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Ghasemi Khojasteh , Vaseghi Golnaz , Mansourian Marjan
Published: October 2020

Objective

Doxorubicin- and epirubicin-induced cardiotoxicities are life threatening for those suffering from breast cancer. Comparing the effects of different strategies on the prevention of these agent-induced cardiotoxicities remains unexplored. Data sources: A comprehensive review of clinical trials was performed on the prevention of epirubicin- and/or doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients. The reduction in ejection fraction was directed at evaluating cardiac toxicity. Data summary: Fourteen articles evaluated cardiotoxicity as a condition among 2945 individuals, evaluating doxorubicin, epirubicin, Liposomal Doxorubicin (LD), Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin (PLD), dexrazoxane plus doxorubicin or epirubicin, and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs) plus doxorubicin. Pooled Odds Ratio (OR) of 0.043 with a 95% credible interval (CrI) between 0.005 and 0.22 indicated that the dexrazoxane plus epirubicin reduced the number of cardiac events compared with doxorubicin. Furthermore, doxorubicin and epirubicin represented the most effective interventions with a 52% probability of success. Also, the best treatment for reducing Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) was dexrazoxane plus epirubicin with a probability of 43%. For the Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) reduction outcome, ACEIs plus doxorubicin was ranked first with a success probability of 61.2% and they could significantly prevent the reduction in LVEF compared with LD, epirubicin, or doxorubicin.

Conclusion

Our data suggested that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and dexrazoxane plus epirubicin were the most effective interventions for preventing cardiotoxicity and CHF. However, ACEIs plus doxorubicin was the best treatment for preventing LVEF reduction.
Identifying the Coping Strategies of Nonoffending Pedophilic and Hebephilic Individuals From Their Online Forum Posts
Authors: Jones Sarah J. , Ó Ciardha Caoilte , Elliott Ian A.
Published: October 2020

Individuals who identify as pedophilic or hebephilic, and who do not offend, are increasingly visible in online discourse and as a focus of research. Developing knowledge about this population will offer insights into their psychological needs and, potentially, into the mechanisms and strategies individuals use to live offense-free lives. This study examined coping strategies among members of an online forum supporting pedohebephilic individuals who do not wish to offend. Forum users’ posts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Eleven themes emerged, which were classifiable into three superordinate themes around (a) the acceptance of pedophilia, (b) strategies to stay safe, and (c) dealing with sexual arousal. These themes offer insight into the varying strategies used by these individuals to cope with stress and/or to remain offense-free. Understanding whether these strategies are adaptive or maladaptive may help develop better support services for those who have not offended and may inform prevention efforts.
Avatar Design of Virtual Salespeople: Mitigation of Recommendation Conflicts
Authors: Lin Yu-Ting , Doong Her-Sen , Eisingerich Andreas B.
Published: October 2020

The role of virtual salesperson (VS) and the importance of customer reviews in facilitating online purchase decisions and sales have recently received much attention from technology companies, marketing practice professionals, and academics. However, customers’ willingness to follow the purchase advice of the VS when there is a conflict between these recommendations and those of other online customers is less understood. This research theorizes and investigates the extent to which customers’ relationship satisfaction with, and trust in, the VS helps explain customer willingness to follow VS advice in the context of recommendation conflict. Using four studies, our research explores how and when the VS’s avatar design mitigates the negative influence of conflict. An important theoretical and managerial implication of this research is that VS avatar designs that are high in automated social presence (ASP) help reduce the negative impact of conflict. However, we find that ASP mitigates the negative effects of conflict only for avatars that score low (vs. high) on cuteness.
Anterior and posterior ischemic optic neuropathy following liposuction surgery in a previously healthy young woman
Authors: Abri Aghdam Kaveh , Sadeghi Ali , Soltan Sanjari Mostafa , Aghajani Ali , Gholamalizadeh Saba
Published: October 2020

A previously healthy 28-year-old female developed bilateral painless vision loss, more prominent in the right eye than in the left, following abdominoplasty and liposuction surgery. Laboratory studies showed severe peri- and post-operative anemia. Over a 5-month follow-up, visual function remained decreased but stable in the right eye and improved in the left eye. This is the second reported case of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in one eye and posterior ischemic optic neuropathy in the other eye after liposuction.

Level of evidence: Level VI, case report study.
Post-surgical management of cataract: Light and dark in the 2020s
Authors: Aragona Pasquale , Postorino Elisa Imelde , Aragona Emanuela
Published: October 2020

Cataract surgery is the most frequently performed elective surgery worldwide. Although considered a safe procedure, potentially sight-threatening adverse events are possible. Among these, post-surgical inflammation and infections are the most relevant. Anti-inflammatory drugs, such as corticosteroids, and topical antibiotics are the pillars for the treatment of inflammation and for the prevention of infections. However, uncertainties remain regarding the duration of both topical antibiotic prophylaxis and corticosteroid treatment. LEADER7, a recent international clinical study conducted with the new fixed combination of levofloxacin and dexamethasone eye drops in patients undergoing uncomplicated cataract surgery, found that 1-week topical antibiotic prophylaxis is just as effective as the 2-week course commonly used in clinical practice. The study also showed that treatment for 1 week with dexamethasone results in complete resolution of inflammatory signs and symptoms in over 85% of patients, for whom further prolongation of corticosteroid treatment is, therefore, not necessary. This new treatment strategy can represent a significant step forward to reduce the unjustified use of prophylactic antibiotics after cataract surgery, limiting the emergence of bacterial resistance, as well as representing an opportunity to optimize the use and safety of the corticosteroid treatment.
Evaluation of retinochoroidal tissues in third trimester pregnants: An optical coherence tomography angiography study
Authors: Yildirim Abdulmutalip , Kurt Emin , Altinisik Muhammed , Uyar Yildiz
Published: October 2020

Introduction:

The structural and vascular changes in the retina and choroid in women in the third trimester of pregnancy were analyzed using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods:

Forty women in the third trimester of uncomplicated pregnancy and 40 age-matched healthy women were included. Vascular density (VD) in the superficial and deep capillary plexuses (SCP/DCP), foveal density (FD), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and perimetry measured with OCTA, as well as OCT measurements of central macular thickness (CMT) and choroidal thickness (CT) were compared between the groups. Correlations between structural OCT parameters and vascular OCTA metrics were analyzed.

Results:

The mean gestational age was 34 (28–41) weeks. Mean age was comparable in the groups ( p = 0.732). The pregnant women had significantly higher parafoveal DCP-VD ( p = 0.015), FAZ area ( p = 0.044), and FD ( p = 0.002). Mean subfoveal CT was 21 µm higher in pregnant women but was not significant ( p = 0.472). There was no difference in CMT ( p = 0.448). FAZ metrics were positively correlated with CT in pregnants and with CMT in the control group ( p < 0.05). Parafoveal VD was negatively correlated with CT in the control group ( p < 0.05). After adjusting for CT and CMT, the significant difference in VD and FD persisted ( p < 0.05), while the difference in FAZ area lost significance ( p > 0.05).

Conclusions:

Considering the effects of the probable covariant factors CMT and CT, systemic changes in pregnant women in their third trimester may cause an increase in VD in the macula and parafoveal DCP.
Stand up! Are normal weight-bearing forces sufficient for a 12/14 Morse taper locking in total hip arthroplasty?
Authors: Qurashi Suleman , Pelletier Matthew H , Wang Tian , Bramich Nicholas , Chinnappa Jason , Walsh William R
Published: October 2020

Background:

The aim of this study was to investigate total hip arthroplasty (THA) Morse taper pull-off strengths after impaction prior to cyclical loading compared to cyclical loading alone. The practical relevance of the experiment is to provide a perspective on what may be clinically satisfactory taper assembly given the spectrum of head tapping patterns used by surgeons, as well as compare traditional impaction performed in standard THA with alternate methods of taper engagement such as ‘ in situ assembly’ used in micro-invasive techniques.

Methods:

36 taper constructs utilising a combination of cobalt-chrome alloy and ceramic-titanium alloy junctions were investigated in vitro in wet and dry conditions with cyclical loading of the constructs. Taper disengagement strengths with and without impaction were compared. Secondary investigation of the surface roughness of the heads and tapers was also assessed.

Results:

An impaction to a wet taper resulted in a greater pull off force compared to a dry taper with a CoCr head and taper combination. Impacting the head and dryness of the taper did not affect pull off forces of a ceramic femoral head on titanium taper. Pulling a head off a taper significantly alters the head surface roughness.

Conclusion:

Impaction of a taper does not provide any benefit over cyclical loading of a taper assembly alone for pull-off strength.
Enhanced Recovery With Paravertebral and Transversus Abdominis Plane Blocks in Microvascular Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Guffey Ryan , Keane Grace , Ha Austin Y , Parikh Rajiv , Odom Elizabeth , Zhang Li , Myckatyn Terence M
Published: October 2020

Purpose:

We have shown previously that a preoperative paravertebral nerve block is associated with improved postoperative recovery in microvascular breast reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of a complete enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol with complete regional anesthesia coverage to our traditional care with paravertebral block.

Patients and methods:

This was a retrospective cohort study of 83 patients who underwent autologous breast reconstruction by T.M.M. between May 2014 and February 2018 at a tertiary academic center. Patients in the ERAS group were additionally administered acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), gabapentin, a transversus abdominis plane block (liposomal or plain bupivacaine), and primarily oral opioids postoperatively. The patients were mobilized earlier with more rapid diet progression. All patients received a preoperative paravertebral block.

Results:

Forty-four patients in the ERAS cohort were compared with 39 retrospective controls. The 2 groups were similar with respect to demographics and comorbidities. The ERAS cohort required significantly less opioids (291 vs 707 mg oral morphine equivalent, P < .0001) with unchanged postoperative pain scores and a shorter time to oral only opioid use (16.0 vs 78.2 hours, P < .0001). Median length of stay (3.20 vs 4.62, P < .0001) and time to independent ambulation (1.86 vs 2.88, P < .0001) were also significantly decreased in the ERAS cohort. Liposomal bupivacaine use did not significantly affect the results ( P ⩾ .2).

Conclusions:

Implementation of a robust enhanced recovery protocol with complete regional anesthesia coverage was associated with significantly decreased opioid use despite unchanged pain scores, with improved markers of recovery including length of stay, time to oral only narcotics, and time to independent ambulation.
The effects of graphene nanoplatelets on the tribological performance of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Singh KK , Ramkumar J
Published: October 2020

Over the last decade, FRP composites have seen increased use in many applications, where an optimum combination of light-weight, better wear resistance and excellent mechanical properties have attributed to their uses in different engineering segments. In this study, Mechanical and tribological properties of woven glass fiber-reinforced epoxy (GFRE) composites with and without graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were obtained and correlated. The results of the unmodified GFRE laminates (neat GFRE samples) were compared with those containing 0.5 and 1 wt. % of GNPs (modified samples). Wear resistance of the GFRE composite samples increased with an increase in the GNPs content in the epoxy matrix as obtained by experiments conducted on the Pin-on-disc tribometer. Wear tests showed a considerable reduction in wear rate from 4.54 × 10−11 m3/Nm (neat GFRE) to the lowest value of 2.31 × 10−11 m3/Nm, by adding 1 wt.% GNPs. Further, it was observed that the addition of 0.5 and 1.0 wt. % of GNPs in the base material lowered the coefficient of friction (µ) by about 4% and 18%, respectively, for abrading distance of 200 m, due to the self-lubricating nature of GNPs. The wear mechanisms and transfer film formation were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis.
A ray tracing engine integrated with Blender and with uncertainty estimation: Description and initial results
Authors: Brandão Eric , Morgado Gonçalo , Fonseca William D’A
Published: October 2020

This paper presents a ray tracing algorithm developed as a research and teaching tool. The motivations to pursue this task and some novel features of the algorithm are presented. Amongst them, it is possible to cite: (i) the receivers may grow in size, which saves some computational cost; (ii) sound intensity calculations are performed in a separate step than geometrical ray tracing; and (iii) those features allow Monte Carlo simulations for uncertainty prediction related to absorption data. The results obtained with the proposed algorithm are compared with the measured data (and other software packages) of Round Robins II (Elmia Hall) and III (PTB recording studio) and proved to be in good agreement with measured data. The ratio of the mean error by the JND of each parameter are compatible with the results presented by the other round robin participants. The product of this research is also scalable to an hybrid algorithm and alternatives to do so are provided through the discussion in the paper.
New kids on the ballot: The party-level determinants of new party success
Authors: Wieringa Rein , Meijers Maurits J
Published: October 2020

New parties can shake up party systems by advancing new issues, influencing established competitors and affecting the dynamics of party competition. However, which kinds of new parties are successful? While the literature has extensively focused on institutional-level and election-level drivers of new party success, the literature on party-level determinants of new party success is scarce. As most studies on new party success focus on party entry at the election level or on new party survival, we argue that these studies suffer from selection bias as they do not leverage information on unsuccessful parties. This is understandable, since quality data on unsuccessful parties’ vote shares, party organizations and ideological characteristics are scant. To overcome this limitation, we examine the party-level determinants of new party success in the Netherlands, including all parties that have participated in national parliamentary elections since 1946. Our findings have important implications for the study of new parties in modern democracies.
Enacting a new curriculum models-based framework supported by digital technology within a learning community
Authors: Calderón Antonio , Tannehill Deborah
Published: October 2020

Current cutting-edge research conveys that pedagogical change using models-based practice and integration of digital technology (DT) to enable teaching and learning is most successful when supported by a learning community. Overall, the research literature acknowledges that empowering teachers to believe in themselves and their ability to tackle these new curricular and pedagogical practices is key for successful implementation. Nevertheless, enactment of a new curriculum models (CMs)-based framework, supported by DT, has not yet been researched. Six physical education teachers with different teaching backgrounds and experience using DT for teaching and learning agreed to participate. Four phases were designed to develop teachers’ CMs pedagogical knowledge and technological pedagogical content knowledge as part of a collaborative, inquiry-oriented learning community. Individual and focus group interviews, and weekly critical friend discussions were used to gather teachers’ and students’ perceptions of their experience. Four themes reflecting phases one and two of the data appeared and evolved 18 months later and included planning, community, student learning, and the Phyz (app). The key take home message from this research highlights the power of a well-planned and structured inquiry-oriented learning community, its impact on empowering teachers to enact a new CMs-based framework, and the student learning that emerged.
Comparison of in-person and telegeriatric follow-up consultations
Authors: Betkus Georgia , Freeman Shannon , Martin-Khan Melinda , Lau Shell , Flood Frank , Hanlon Neil , Banner-Lukaris Davina
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Telehealth has the potential to support the care of older adults and their desire to age at home by providing a videoconferencing connection to specialist geriatric care. However, more information is needed to determine how telehealth services affect the care of older adults, and how telehealth services for older adults compare to traditional in-person methods of care provision. The aim of this study was to compare telegeriatric and in-person geriatric consultation methods with respect to outcomes and costs.

Methods

This was a retrospective chart analysis of consultation letters from patients’ first follow-up appointment with a geriatric specialist during the 2017/2018 fiscal year ( N = 95) in a health jurisdiction of a Western Canadian province.

Results

Patients seen through telehealth and in person were similar in mean age ( M = 79.1 and 78.1 years, respectively) and were predominately female. Telegeriatric consultations resulted in more requests for further testing and screening ( p = 0.003), new diagnoses ( p = 0.002), medication changes ( p = 0.009) and requests for follow-up ( p = 0.03) compared to in-person consultations. An average one-day clinic with one geriatric specialist providing consultations through telehealth cost Can$1684–$1859 less than an equivalent in-person clinic.

Discussion

Although additional research is needed to explain the differences in outcomes further between telehealth and in-person consultations found in this work, telehealth consultations cost substantially less than in-person consultations and are a promising way to improve access to geriatric care for older adults in underserved areas.
Not social transition status, but peer relations and family functioning predict psychological functioning in a German clinical sample of children with Gender Dysphoria
Authors: Sievert Elisabeth DC , Schweizer Katinka , Barkmann Claus , Fahrenkrug Saskia , Becker-Hebly Inga
Published: October 2020

Research provides inconclusive results on whether a social gender transition (e.g. name, pronoun, and clothing changes) benefits transgender children or children with a Gender Dysphoria (GD) diagnosis. This study examined the relationship between social transition status and psychological functioning outcomes in a clinical sample of children with a GD diagnosis. Psychological functioning (Child Behavior Checklist; CBCL), the degree of a social transition, general family functioning (GFF), and poor peer relations (PPR) were assessed via parental reports of 54 children (range 5–11 years) from the Hamburg Gender Identity Service (GIS). A multiple linear regression analysis examined the impact of the social transition status on psychological functioning, controlled for gender, age, socioeconomic status (SES), PPR and GFF. Parents reported significantly higher scores for all CBCL scales in comparison to the German age-equivalent norm population. Peer problems and worse family functioning were significantly associated with impaired psychological functioning, whilst the degree of social transition did not significantly predict the outcome. Therefore, claims that gender affirmation through transitioning socially is beneficial for children with GD could not be supported from the present results. Instead, the study highlights the importance of individual social support provided by peers and family, independent of exploring additional possibilities of gender transition during counseling.