bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cenozoic geologic evolution of the lower Colorado River Basin, Northern Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Seitz Carina , Vélez María I. , Perillo Gerardo M.E.
Published: January 2019

Climatic changes and eustatic sea levels have been assumed to be the most important controllers of the Colorado River alluvial fan in northern Patagonia. Although the alluvial fan occurs in a region considered tectonically stable, there are pieces of evidence that the Miocene Andean orogeny has reactivated inherited structures, with subsequent geomorphological changes that date back to the Pleistocene. Besides, the clear evidence of neotectonism in the region and their effects on the evolution of this fan, it has not been studied in detail yet. In this study, we map and analyze six sections outcropping in different terraces of the alluvial fan with the primary aim of disentangling the role of tectonism, climate and eustatic changes on the evolution of the alluvial fan. This study is part of a bigger project aimed to understand the origin of the shallow lakes occurring in northern Patagonia. Our results indicate that the alluvial fan of the Colorado River was established in the area around the Middle Pleistocene. Evidence of deformations in Miocene to Pleistocene units indicates significant neotectonism during the Upper Pleistocene. By the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, tectonism produced incision generating a set of terraces. After this time, an important climate change from semiarid to arid favored the calcretization of some terraces. By the Pleistocene-Middle Holocene, the terraces were covered by ancient eolian sediment accumulated during dry conditions. By the Middle Holocene, a broad alluvial fan developed in the region under a warmer and more humid climate generating the Alluvial Colorado River-III deposit at the T3 terrace. In the late Holocene, aggradation process was favored by a high sea level and temperate-arid climate, producing T4 terrace. At the same time, this climate condition favored the local deflation-sedimentation processes that resulted in the deposition of modern eolian deposits (mE) over the T3 terrace. The depressions generated by the deflation were, later on, occupied by shallow lakes when the climate turn more humid. Subsequently, during regressive sea level condition, ca. 2000 years BP, the T4 terrace was partially eroded and the modern alluvial plain formed.
Materialiteit in de uitgebreide controleverklaring bij beursvennootschappen
Authors: Eijkelenboom Eva
Published: January 2019

Sinds de uitbreiding van de controleverklaring verschaft de accountant meer inzicht aan de gebruikers van de jaarrekening over de door hem uitgevoerde controlewerkzaamheden. In de uitgebreide controleverklaring verstrekt de accountant onder meer informatie over de door hem gehanteerde materialiteit.

Dit artikel bevat een eerste verkenning van materialiteitsgegevens uit controleverklaringen bij de jaarrekeningen van 56 beursvennootschappen in de boekjaren 2014 tot en met 2017. Uit de resultaten van dit onderzoek volgt dat er door de Big 4-accountantsorganisaties sinds boekjaar 2014 een meer uniforme materialiteit gehanteerd wordt. Voorts blijkt dat de materialiteit gedurende de onderzoeksperiode na wisseling van accountantsorganisatie en/of extern accountant lager is dan indien er geen wisseling plaatsvond.
Ontwikkelingen in de kernpunten van de uitgebreide controleverklaring
Authors: Eimers Peter , Brouwer Arjan , Langendijk Henk
Published: January 2019

Na de introductie van de uitgebreide controleverklaring in 2014 hebben wij twee jaar geleden een onderzoek uitgevoerd naar de uitgebreide controleverklaring bij de Nederlandse AEX- en Midkapfondsen over 2015 (Brouwer et al. 2016). Daarin kwamen het aantal en aard van de daarin opgenomen kernpunten aan de orde, alsmede de relatie met de genoemde risico’s in het bestuursverslag en de kritische grondslagen en schattingen zoals verwoord door het bestuur in de toelichting van de jaarrekening.

In het huidige vervolgonderzoek hebben wij ons gericht op de ontwikkeling van de kernpunten in de tijd ten opzichte van 2015. De uitgebreide controleverklaring is door stakeholders positief ontvangen, maar zij hebben ook specifieke wensen geuit ten aanzien van de inhoud. Hierbij kan onder meer gedacht worden aan resultaten, observaties en conclusies per kernpunt, alsook een introductie van kernpunten waarin de accountant uiteenzet waarom kernpunten van voorgaand jaar niet meer als kernpunt worden gezien (VEB 2017; Eumedion 2017). In de tussenliggende periode hebben de ondernemingen daarnaast ontwikkelingen in hun activiteiten, systemen en processen doorgemaakt en ook is er in een aantal gevallen sprake van een accountantswissel als gevolg van de verplichte kantoorroulatie. Daarom hebben wij de 44 fondsen die wij over 2015 hebben onderzocht over 2017 nogmaals de revue laten passeren. Komen dezelfde kernpunten na een paar jaar nog steeds terug? Worden ze anders geformuleerd? Kiest een opvolgend accountant voor andere kernpunten? Hebben accountants gehoor gegeven aan de wensen van stakeholders?

Uit ons empirisch onderzoek blijkt dat de (formulering van) kernpunten verder ontwikkeld is en accountants responsief zijn geweest op signalen van beleggers over de informatiewaarde van hun controleverklaringen. Van de onderzochte controleverklaringen heeft 90% inmiddels bijvoorbeeld observaties en conclusies per kernpunt gegeven en wordt uitgelegd waarom kernpunten van vorig boekjaar niet meer van toepassing zijn. Opvallend is dat de belastingpositie als kernpunt fors in frequentie is gedaald tussen 2015 en 2017. Dit geldt ook voor de eerstejaarscontrole. Voor het overige zijn de gekozen kernpunten qua frequentie relatief stabiel tussen 2015 en 2017.
In-cloud formation of secondary species in iron-containing particles
Authors: Lin Qinhao , Bi Xinhui , Zhang Guohua , Yang Yuxiang , Peng Long , Lian Xiufeng , Fu Yuzhen , Li Mei , Chen Duohong , Miller Mark , Ou Ji , Tang Mingjin , Wang Xinming , Peng Ping'an , Sheng Guoying , Zhou Zhen
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The increase in secondary species through cloud processing potentially
increases aerosol iron (Fe) bioavailability. In this study, a ground-based
counterflow virtual impactor coupled with a real-time single-particle aerosol
mass spectrometer was used to characterize the formation of secondary species
in Fe-containing cloud residues (dried cloud droplets) at a mountain site in
southern China for nearly 1 month during the autumn of 2016. Fe-rich,
Fe-dust, Fe-elemental carbon (Fe-EC), and Fe-vanadium (Fe-V) cloud residual
types were obtained in this study. The Fe-rich particles, related to
combustion sources, contributed 84 % (by number) to the Fe-containing
cloud residues, and the Fe-dust particles represented 12 %. The remaining
4 % consisted of the Fe-EC and Fe-V particles. It was found that above
90 % (by number) of Fe-containing particles had already contained sulfate
before cloud events, leading to no distinct change in number fraction (NF) of
sulfate during cloud events. Cloud processing contributed to the enhanced NFs
of nitrate, chloride, and oxalate in the Fe-containing cloud residues.
However, the in-cloud formation of nitrate and chloride in the Fe-rich type
was less obvious relative to the Fe-dust type. The increased NF of oxalate in
the Fe-rich cloud residues was produced via aqueous oxidation of oxalate
precursors (e.g., glyoxylate). Moreover, Fe-driven Fenton reactions likely
increase the formation rate of aqueous-phase OH, improving the conversion of
the precursors to oxalate in the Fe-rich cloud residues. During daytime, the
decreased NF of oxalate in the Fe-rich cloud residues was supposed to be due
to the photolysis of Fe-oxalate complexes. This work emphasizes the role of
combustion Fe sources in participating in cloud processing and has important
implications for evaluating Fe bioavailability from combustion sources during
cloud processing.
Can liquid cloud microphysical processes be used for vertically-pointing cloud radar calibration?
Authors: Maahn Maximilian , Hoffmann Fabian , Shupe Matthew D. , de Boer Gijs , Matrosov Sergey Y. , Luke Edward P.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Cloud radars are unique instruments for observing cloud processes, but uncertainties in radar calibration have frequently limited data quality. Thus far, no single, robust method exists for assessing calibration of past cloud radar data sets. Here, we investigate whether observations of microphysical processes of liquid clouds such as the transition of cloud droplets to drizzle drops can be used to calibrate cloud radars. Specifically, we study the relationships between the radar reflectivity factor and three variables not affected by absolute radar calibration: the skewness of the radar Doppler spectrum (γ), the radar mean Doppler velocity (W), and the liquid water path (LWP). We identify reference points of these relationships and evaluate their potential for radar calibration. For γ and W, we use box model simulations to determine typical radar reflectivity values for these reference points. We apply the new methods to observations at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) sites North Slope of Alaska (NSA) and Oliktok Point (OLI) in 2016 using two 35 GHz Ka-band ARM Zenith Radars (KAZR). For periods with a sufficient number of liquid cloud observations, we find that the methods are robust enough for cloud radar calibration, with the LWP-based method performing best. We estimate that in 2016, the radar reflectivity at NSA was about 1 ± 1 dB too low, but stable. For OLI, we identify serious problems with maintaining an accurate calibration including a sudden decrease of 5 to 7 dB in June 2016.
Evaluating multi-year, multi-site data on the energy balance closure of eddy-covariance flux measurements at cropland sites in southwestern Germany
Authors: Eshonkulov Ravshan , Poyda Arne , Ingwersen Joachim , Wizemann Hans-Dieter , Weber Tobias K. D. , Kremer Pascal , Högy Petra , Pulatov Alim , Streck Thilo
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The energy balance of eddy-covariance (EC) measurements is
typically not closed, resulting in one of the main challenges in evaluating
and interpreting EC flux data. Energy balance closure (EBC) is crucial for
validating and improving regional and global climate models. To investigate
the nature of the gap in EBC for agroecosystems, we analyzed EC measurements
from two climatically contrasting regions (Kraichgau – KR – and Swabian Jura – SJ) in southwestern Germany. Data were taken at six fully equipped EC sites
from 2010 to 2017. The gap in EBC was quantified by ordinary linear
regression, relating the energy balance ratio (EBR), calculated as the
quotient of turbulent fluxes and available energy, to the residual energy
term. In order to examine potential reasons for differences in EBC, we
compared the EBC under varying environmental conditions and investigated a
wide range of possible controls. Overall, the variation in EBC was found to
be higher during winter than summer. Moreover, we determined that the site had a
statistically significant effect on EBC but no significant effect on either crop or region (KR
vs SJ). The time-variable footprints of all EC stations were estimated based
on data measured in 2015, complimented by micro-topographic analyses along
the prevailing wind direction. The smallest mean annual energy balance gap
was 17 % in KR and 13 % in SJ. Highest EBRs were mostly found for winds
from the prevailing wind direction. The spread of EBRs distinctly narrowed
under unstable atmospheric conditions, strong buoyancy, and high friction
velocities. Smaller footprint areas led to better EBC due to increasing
homogeneity. Flow distortions caused by the back head of the anemometer
negatively affected EBC during corresponding wind conditions.
Seasonality of archaeal lipid flux and GDGT-based thermometry in sinking articles of high latitude oceans: Fram Strait (79° N) and Antarctic Polar Front (50° S)
Authors: Park Eunmi , Hefter Jens , Fischer Gehard , Iversen Morten H. , Ramondenc Simon , Nöthig Eva-Maria , Mollenhauer Gesine
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The relative abundance of individual archaeal membrane lipids, namely of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) with the different number of cyclopentane rings, varies with temperature, which enabled their use as paleotemperature proxy. The first GDGT-based index in marine sediments called TEX86 is believed to reflect mean annual sea surface temperature (maSST). The TEX86L is an alternative temperature proxy for low temperature regions (
An interactive atlas for marine biodiversity conservation in the Coral Triangle
Authors: Asaad Irawan , Lundquist Carolyn J. , Erdmann Mark V. , Costello Mark J.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. An online atlas of the Coral Triangle region of the Indo-Pacific
biogeographic realm was developed. This online atlas consists of the three
interlinked parts: (1) Biodiversity Features; (2) Areas of Importance for
Biodiversity Conservation; (3) recommended priorities for Marine Protected
Area (MPA) Network Expansion (http://www.marine.auckland.ac.nz/CTMAPS).
The first map, Biodiversity Features, provides comprehensive data on the
region's marine protected areas and biodiversity features, threats, and
environmental characteristics. The second provides spatial information on
areas of high biodiversity conservation values, while the third map shows
priority areas for expanding the current Coral Triangle MPA network. This
atlas provides the most comprehensive biodiversity datasets that have been
assembled for the region. The datasets were retrieved and generated
systematically from various open-access sources. To engage a wider audience
and to raise participation in biodiversity conservation, the maps were
designed as an interactive and online atlas. This atlas presents
representative information to promote a better understanding of the key
marine and coastal biodiversity characteristics of the region and enables the
application of marine biodiversity informatics to support marine
ecosystem-based management in the Coral Triangle region.
Brief communication: Analysis of organic matter in surface snow by PTR-MS – implications for dry deposition dynamics in the Alps
Authors: Materić Dušan , Ludewig Elke , Xu Kangming , Röckmann Thomas , Holzinger Rupert
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The exchange of organic matter (OM) between the atmosphere and snow is poorly
understood due to the complex nature of OM and the convoluted processes of
deposition, re-volatilisation, and chemical and biological processing. OM that
is finally retained in glaciers potentially holds a valuable historical
record of past atmospheric conditions; however, our understanding of the
processes involved is insufficient to translate the measurements into an
interpretation of the past atmosphere. This study examines the dynamic
processes of post-precipitation OM change at the alpine snow surface with the
goal of interpreting the processes involved in surface snow OM.
Subglacial hydrological control on flow of an Antarctic Peninsula palaeo-ice stream
Authors: Larter Robert D. , Hogan Kelly A. , Hillenbrand Claus-Dieter , Smith James A. , Batchelor Christine L. , Cartigny Matthieu , Tate Alex J. , Kirkham James D. , Roseby Zoë A. , Kuhn Gerhard , Graham Alastair G. C. , Dowdeswell Julian A.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Basal hydrological systems play an important role in controlling the dynamic behaviour of ice streams. Data showing their morphology and relationship to geological substrates beneath modern ice streams are, however, sparse and difficult to collect. We present new multibeam bathymetry data that make the Anvers-Hugo Trough (AHT) west of the Antarctic Peninsula the most completely surveyed palaeo-ice stream pathways in Antarctica. We interpret landforms as indicating that subglacial water availability played an important role in facilitating ice stream flow and controlling shear margin positions. Water was likely supplied to the ice stream bed episodically as a result of outbursts from a subglacial lake located in the Palmer Deep basin on the inner continental shelf. These interpretations have implications for controls on the onset of fast ice flow, the dynamic behaviour of palaeo-ice streams on the Antarctic continental shelf, and potentially also for behaviour of modern ice streams.
Two-dimensional Inversion of wideband spectral data from the Capacitively Coupled Resistivity method – First Applications in periglacial environments
Authors: Mudler Jan , Hördt Andreas , Przyklenk Anita , Fiandaca Gianluca , Maurya Pradip Kumar , Hauck Christian
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The Capacitively Coupled Resistivity (CCR) method determines the electrical resistivity and permittivity by analysing the spectra of magnitude and phase shift of the electrical impedance. The CCR is well suited for the application in cryospheric and periglacial areas, because these areas provide the required physical conditions and logistical advantages of the method regarding the problems of coupling on highly resistive grounds and in some cases hard surfaces. Since the electrical properties of ice and frozen material have a strong frequency dependence, broad spectral measurements can deliver complementary information compared to conventional low-frequency techniques. For the inversion of the data, we modified an existing 2-D inversion code originally developed for low-frequency Induced Polarization data by including a Cole-Cole parametrization of electrical permittivity. We discuss the application of the code and particular aspects related to capacitively coupled measurements using data from two sites with cryospheric influence: the Schilthorn massif in the Swiss Alps and the frozen lake Prestvannet in the northern part of Norway. We investigate the effect of capacitive sensor height above the surface and corroborate the assumption that it is negligible for highly resistive conditions. The first results agree reasonably well with known subsurface structure and measurements reported in the literature. We conclude that a spectral 2-D inversion with a Cole-Cole parametrization of permittivity is a feasible tool to invert CCR data in periglacial environments.
Coupled wind turbine design and layout optimization with nonhomogeneous wind turbines
Authors: Stanley Andrew P. J. , Ning Andrew
Published: January 2019

Abstract. In this study, wind farms were optimized to show the benefit of coupling
complete turbine design and layout optimization as well as including two
different turbine designs in a fixed 1-to-1 ratio in a single wind farm. For
our purposes, the variables in each turbine optimization include hub height,
rotor diameter, rated power, tower diameter, tower shell thickness, and
implicit blade chord-and-twist distributions. A 32-turbine wind farm and a
60-turbine wind farm were both considered, as well as a variety of turbine
spacings and wind shear exponents. Structural constraints as well as turbine
costs were considered in the optimization. Results indicate that coupled
turbine design and layout optimization is superior to sequentially optimizing
turbine design, then turbine layout. Coupled optimization results in an
additional 2 %–5 % reduction in the cost of energy compared to
optimizing sequentially for wind farms with turbine spacings of 8.5–11 rotor
diameters. Smaller wind farms benefit even more from coupled optimization.
Furthermore, wind farms with closely spaced wind turbines can greatly benefit
from nonuniform turbine design throughout the farm. Some of these wind farms
with heterogeneous turbine design have an additional 10 % cost-of-energy
reduction compared to wind farms with identical turbines throughout the farm.
Análisis de los recursos locales de Servicios Sociales destinados a las familias en situación de riesgo psicosocial en un contexto de crisis
Authors: Martí-García Susana , Vázquez-Aguado Octavio , Fernández-Borrero Manuela Ángela
Published: January 2019

En este artículo se analizan los recursos locales de Servicios Sociales comunitarios puestos a disposición de familias que tienen menores a cargo y que atraviesan dificultades. Los objetivos abordan, por un lado, el estudio de las características principales de estas acciones, especialmente las de carácter psicoeducativo. Por otro lado, se ponen en relación los recursos de intervención con las zonas básicas de Servicios Sociales (ZBSS) a las que van dirigidos. Siguiendo una metodología particularmente cuantitativa, los resultados principales giran en torno a la homogeneidad de actuaciones en toda la provincia de Huelva y a la necesidad de derivación para acceder a las mismas, en la mayoría de los casos. También se destaca la importancia de las intervenciones psicoeducativas que, junto a los recursos de carácter económico, tienen una mayor implementación que las demás actuaciones. Entre las principales conclusiones se encuentran: la necesidad de la acción integral en los ejes económico, interrelacional y psicosocial; la importancia de las evaluaciones que generen intervenciones basadas en la evidencia; y el contexto de intervención local como pieza clave en la creación de políticas sociales más próximas y, por tanto, más reales y eficientes
Aportaciones de los servicios sociales comunitarios a la gestión descentralizada de los cuidados de larga duración. El caso andaluz (España)
Authors: Flores Ruiz David , Castro Vadillo Nelly Julia , Barroso González María de la O
Published: January 2019

El presente artículo pretende poner de manifiesto las ventajas e inconvenientes, de una gestión descentralizada de la Ley de Promoción de la Autonomía Personal y Atención a la Personas en Situación de Dependencia (LAPAD), en las diferentes regiones españolas por medio de los servicios sociales comunitarios de los entes locales. Para ello, se revisan los trabajos que se han elaborado al respecto para validar, posteriormente y a través de una encuesta semiestructurada dirigida a los trabajadores sociales que gestionan la dependencia, estas aportaciones para el caso de la región andaluza, concretamente para los servicios sociales comunitarios de la provincia de Huelva.
E-Social Work en España: análisis de los blogs profesionales
Authors: Aguilar Idáñez María José , Moneo Estany Berta A. , Caparrós Civera María Neus
Published: January 2019

La revolución digital y las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación han modificado en muy poco tiempo los medios de aprendizaje, las relaciones interprofesionales y las interacciones profesional-usuario en el ámbito del trabajo social. Se presenta un estudio pionero en el campo profesional, centrado en una de las dimensiones menos investigadas hasta ahora del E-Social Work: los blogs especializados en trabajo social. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio que pretende, en primer lugar, identificar el alcance de los blogs de trabajo social españoles en el contexto global de Internet (mediante la utilización de las herramientas analíticas globales Alexa y Majestic) y, en segundo lugar, explorar (mediante una encuesta online a bloggers de trabajo social en España), si existe una comunidad virtual temática en trabajo social, cuáles son sus características, y si los blogs son, o pueden llegar a ser, nuevas herramientas de socialización profesional. Los resultados muestran algunas diferencias entre los bloggers y sus bitácoras y evidencian el hecho de que las redes virtuales cada vez son más densas entre profesionales que colaboran en la creación de una cultura profesional compartida.
Parentalidad positiva, riesgo e intervención: un análisis de los dispositivos de apoyo vigentes en Québec
Authors: Esteban Carbonell Elisa , Firbank Óscar
Published: January 2019

El artículo busca esclarecer, sobre la base de un análisis de contenido e interpretativo de documentos oficiales, las orientaciones o “lógicas subyacentes” que rigen el funcionamiento de programas de parentalidad positiva (PPP) dirigidos a familias vulnerables o en “situación de riesgo” en Québec (Canadá). Como en la mayoría de los Estados de bienestar avanzados, en Québec estos programas han tomado un nuevo auge en los últimos quince años. Su desarrollo, sin embargo, se inserta en un contexto específico que singulariza y configura su accionar. Se escogieron tres programas para el estudio, cuyo examen permite dibujar un cuadro detallado de los puntos de convergencia y divergencia, tanto respecto a las trayectorias a la base de su creación como a sus parámetros organizativos y la filosofía de intervención. Asimismo, el análisis interpretativo permite ilustrar la significación que se acuerda a un conjunto de conceptos clave, ejes centrales de sus líneas de acción. La conclusión sitúa el trato dado a la parentalidad en Québec en perspectiva, haciendo hincapié en diferentes aspectos de su evolución reciente.
MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF NOVEL POLYISOBUTYLENE-BASED ELASTOMERIC POLYURETHANES BEFORE AND AFTER HYDROLYSIS
Authors: Kantor Jozsef , Collister Elizabeth A. , Puskas Judit E. , Mallamaci Michael P. , Comes Val C.
Published: January 2019

The mechanical performance of thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethanes (PUs) before and after hydrolysis is investigated. These new PUs were prepared with a new asymmetric polyisobutylene-diol (PIB-diol), without the use of solvents, and with short reaction times. The PUs were made with dicyclohexylmethane 4,4′-diisocyanate and 1,4-butanediol in the hard segments and poly(hexamethylene carbonate) (PC)-diol and polyisobutylene (PIB)-diol in the soft segments. The functionality of PIB-diol was verified by mass spectrometry. Optimum solventless synthesis conditions and performance were found with a mixture of 50/50 PIB-diol/PC-diol (28.9 wt% PIB in the PU). This PU had 26.03 ± 1.19 MPa tensile strength with 286.92 ± 12.17% elongation before and 16.22 ± 0.65 with 301.17 ± 15.08% elongation after American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) hydrolytic stability testing. Importantly, after the hydrolytic stability testing, the stress–strain plot of this PIB–PU was similar to that of the control PC–PU. The PU with 70/30 PIB-diol/PC-diol (41.2 wt% PIB in the PU) performed slightly better but needed solvent during synthesis because of the high viscosity of the mixtures.
How nurse manager’s position in the hospital hierarchy influences evidence-based practice implementation in nursing: A qualitative case study of the Nigerian acute care setting
Authors: Ominyi Jude , Ezeruigbo Chinwe Florence Samantha
Published: January 2019

Background and objective: Evidence-based practice (EBP) is widely acknowledged as an essential aspect of healthcare delivery. Nurse managers are expected to contribute to the development of organisational cultures promoting EBP. However, there are indications that nurse managers are not necessarily empowered to drive implementation due to hierarchical constraints. This study explores how nurse manager’s position in the hospital hierarchy influences EBP implementation in nursing, in the Nigerian acute care settings.Methods: A qualitative case study methodology is utilised to gather data from two large acute care settings in Nigeria. Drawing on semi-structured interview, twenty-one ward managers and two nurse managers were interviewed. Data were transcribed and inductively analysed to generate four overarching themes.Results: Nurse managers were hugely constrained by lack of autonomy to mobilise resources for EBP related activities. The hierarchical structure of the settings promoted top-down decision-making processes which in turn, limited nurse manager’s visibility in the boardroom. Consequently, nurse managers were excluded from key strategic planning within the organisation and could not drive EBP implementation.Conclusions: Findings highlight need for nurse managers to have greater visibility and managerial influence to enable them create opportunities for implementation of EBP in nursing. Implications for nursing management: Administratively, there is need for nurses to have greater involvement in management. Adequate authority and leadership visibility as well as managerial influence would enable nurse managers create opportunities for successful implementation.
Modification and initial testing of the Family Communication Questionnaire (FCQ) for Japanese child-rearing families in the period one month postpartum
Authors: Kawahara Tae , Matsueda Kanako , Yasuzato Maiko , Yamazaki Akemi
Published: January 2019

The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a modified version of the Family Communication Questionnaire (FCQ) for women in the period one month postpartum with a focus on communication with the woman’s partner, own mother, and friends. The FCQ can measure the frequency of communication between women and their partners, own mothers, and friends across four childcare-related domains by methods such as face-to-face interaction, telephone, e-mail, and social networking services. In the present study, a total of 500 mothers were recruited from a facility in the Kansai region of Japan from February to July 2017 to complete a survey including a modified version of the FCQ and the General Functioning Subscale of the Family Assessment Device (FAD-GF). Two weeks later, 49 of 100 mothers asked completed a test-retest. After excluding responses that were incomplete for > 10% of the items in each domain, 399 (79.8%) valid responses were included in the analysis. The distribution of scores showed a floor effect for all scores except for those with the husband. The intraclass correlation coefficients for couple (woman-her partner), woman-her own mother, and woman-her friends were 0.719-0.897, 0.871-0.987, and -0.088-0.452, respectively, and Cronbach’s α coefficients were 0.886, 0.897, and 0.897, respectively. The FCQ and FAD-GF total scores were negatively correlated. The modified FCQ developed in the present study shows good internal consistency, stability, and validity for communication between mothers, their husbands, and their own mothers during the period one month postpartum.
A Comparison Between Teacher-Led and Online Text-to-Speech Dictation for Students’ Vocabulary Performance
Authors: Chiang Hui-Hua
Published: January 2019

Researchers have long supported the use of dictation as a test for language learners (Fountain & Nation, 2000), and dictation has been used as a test for learners of English as a foreign language (EFL). With the advantages of productive learning and reinforcing short-term memory, dictation is a commonly used technique to develop language skills, and it can be considered to be an assessment of foreign language learning (Kazazoğlu, 2013). However, the previous research has not fully explored how technology, such as text-to-speech (TTS), can be used in EFL classrooms. To address this issue, the researcher explored the use of traditional teacher-led dictation (TLD) and TTS dictation to compare the vocabulary performance of EFL learners. Forty-two college students participated in the study. The results indicated a significant difference between TTS and TLD on the participants’ vocabulary performance. Additionally, there was a correlation between the scores with TTS and TLD: the students who performed better with TLD also obtained higher grades with TTS. Based on the results, future studies and pedagogical suggestions are presented.
An Exploratory Study Into the Use and Pricing of Schedule Zero Medicines Post Exemption From the Single Exit Price Policy in South Africa
Authors: Perumal-Pillay Velisha A , Reddy Thereshen , Suleman Fatima
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND: South Africa, promulgated pricing legislation in 2004 for scheduled medicines except for, schedule zero medicines. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of schedule zero medicine exemption from the Single Exit Price policy in the private sector.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to determine prescription pricing trends and whether any price differential for a basket of schedule zero analgesics existed across three economic areas; the number of brands available; and prices of over the counter and prescription medicines.

METHODS: The medical scheme database was obtained for the period January to June 2014 for prescription schedule zero medicine analysis. Outlets within three economic areas in the eThekwini Municipality were identified for data sampling using a mystery shopper approach. Schedule zero analgesic prices and pack-sizes were recorded on the day of the visit, which occurred from 12 March to 11 April 2015.

RESULTS: An analysis of 14 106 prescriptions from the medical scheme database showed significant differences (p < 0.05; CI 95%) when the submitted prices were compared to the cash prices. Dispensing fees were also significantly different (p < 0.05; CI 95%). 35 outlets were visited in which 65 schedule zero analgesics were noted. An ANOVA testing for differences between the economic areas indicated significant differences for 4 products.

CONCLUSION: A more extensive study should be conducted to verify the pricing of schedule zero pricing on prescriptions to ensure that they are not linked to any perverse incentives.
Contributions Management of Parenting and Education Program to Strengthen the Service Three Early Childhood Education Center
Authors: Hariawan Rudi , Ulfatin Nurul , Huda A. Y. Muhammad , Arifin Imron
Published: January 2019

Early age is a “golden moment” which will not be repeated in the period of child development. A rare opportunity must be utilized to provide the best education and care in three centers, namely; school, family and community environment. The purpose of this research is to; 1) Describe the contribution of parenting education management; and 2) Describe the practice of parenting education in three education centers. This research method uses a qualitative approach with a multi-case study design. These informants were teachers, principals, and parents of students from the two Early Childhood Education institutions in the West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Data collection is done by in-depth interviews with informants, participatory observation, and documentation review. The results revealed that; 1) a positive contribution to the management of education and parenting in three education centers with the following stages; first, Plan-collaboration in designing the parenting education program; second, Do-collaboration in the parenting education program at school and inactivating it in the family and community environment, and third, Check-control and evaluate program achievements, then make a follow-up plan for the program; 2) Implementation, in; first-family environment strengthens the relationship between mother and child, the growing sense of self-confidence of parents in educating and caring for their children; second kindergartens environment by holding parenting education activities, holding days of child development consultations, building relationships, support and trust in schools; and third-community environment is the application of local wisdom values by community members.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Education Studies, Vol. 12, No. 2
Authors: Lee Chris
Published: January 2019

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Education Studies, Vol. 12, No. 2, 2019.
The Reality of Secondary Education in Jordan from the Perspective of Secondary School Principals
Authors: Al Tawarah Haroon Mohammad
Published: January 2019

The study aims at assessing the reality of secondary education in Jordan from the high school principals’ perspective, in addition to figuring out the impact of the gender differences on the results. To answer the study questions; the researcher selected the study sample using the stratified random method. The sample consisted of 73 headmaster and headmistress of secondary school from the southern governorates of Jordan (Ma’an, Al Shoubak, Petra, Southern Badia, and Aqaba) for the academic year 2017/2018. The researcher developed a questionnaire consisted of (35) paragraphs, divided into five fields: (building and equipment, students, teaching staff, curricula and educational supervision) and for the combined fields as well. The results of the study revealed the following: (1) Principals’ assessment of the two fields of building and equipment, and students, and for the fields combined was high (2) Principals’ assessment of teaching staff, curricula, and educational supervision was medium (3) Principals’ assessment of the questionnaire was not affected by the gender.
Comparation of LoRa and NB-IoT
Authors: Ji Yanhui , Yang Hao
Published: January 2019

When people use Internet of Things (IoT), they should consider many factors, such as node cost, network cost, battery life, data transmission rate, delay, mobility, network coverage and deployment type. It can be said that no technology can satisfy all the needs of IoT. NB-IoT and LoRa technologies have different technical and commercial characteristics, so they differ in application scenarios. In this paper, the differences between the two will be elaborated.
VARIABILITY OF SELECTED PARAMETERS AS A RESULT OF MICROWAVE DISINTEGRATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE
Authors: Czajkowska Justyna , Nowak Piotr , Malarski Maciej , Pergół Katarzyna
Published: January 2019

This article contains the results of investigations conducted at the WULS in Warsaw concerning initial treatment of sewage sludge by means of microwave disintegration. Sewage sludge were taken from the "Mokre Łąki" wastewater treatment plant in the municipality of Izabelin. Experiments were carried out on concentrated and non-concentrated sludge. Each of the sludges was disintegrated in portions of varying volumes and also at different time of microwave interactions. Significant changes in the values of the tested parameters such as COD, turbidity and temperature due to the sludge suppression process were considered. These parameters have a significant impact on the course of further processes that treated sludge and supernatant liquid can be processed. Therefore, determining the volatility of these parameters is important.
THE LIENARITY ASSESSMENT OF THE CRANE GANTRY TRACK IN THE STEEL STRUCTURE
Authors: Kubicki Rafał , Mrówczyńska Maria
Published: January 2019

The paper presents a geodetic method of controling the linearity of a trestle-crane runway placed in a steel structure. The authors disscussed the control measurements of diverse craines as well as the procedurę aimed at determining the deviations of track-beam axes from their design values. Moreover, they also analysed the deviations of the designed span of underrail track axes. The measurements were made using classical geodetic methods, and there were two of them -graphical and analytical - used to obtain the results. The graphical interpretation of the results is also presented.
Performatywne alter ego
Authors: Szuba Agata Szuba
Published: January 2019

The dynamic development of the Internet and the constant search for new ways of reaching the user bring about the availability of materials that were previously unattainable. Performance art, thanks to its special openness to new methods of expression, reaches the mass media, while showing the individual’s psyche and character of the author’s work. The set of gestures, their sequence and narration are the basis for creating performance art, understood not only as a clear alternative to conventional art, but also characterized by unpredictability, in which the viewer is not prepared for the way messages are received. Undoubtedly, social platforms create an illusion. “The influencer” can reach thousands of viewers and gain fame without leaving home. Without a doubt, social media have created a new entry point to the global art scene, opening way to a wide spectrum of diverse artistic activities. The method of recording, the non-cutaneous nature of the phenomenon makes it possible to own performative actions. The context of a performance is particularly important. It affects what can be universally recognized as art. The question arises (since we distinguish two values of the performative action: in the art gallery and on the street), what frames on the social media allow the audience to interpret it as art, and assuming that it is an art, does it change the perception of a given phenomenon?
Zaczarowanie świata na przykładzie East side story Igora Grubića. Lekcja estetyki performatywności
Authors: Dzierżyc-Horniak Anna
Published: January 2019

In her The Transformative Power of Performance. A New Aesthetics Erika Fischer-Lichte argues that everything which happens in a performance can be described as a repeated enchanting of the world and transformation of all the participants of the event. The text is an attempt to consider the videoinstallation East Side Story by Igor Grubić exactly from this perspective. It discusses key concept categories utilized by the German theatre researcher, and at the same time undertakes an attempt to fit them into the installation of the Chroatian artist. The analysis points out to the bodily co-presence of the actors and the viewers, the performative production of materiality of the performance and the way in which the performance becomes an event. Questions were asked about a performance live as opposed to a mediated performance.
Inhabit Janine Antoni jako metafora kobiecej twórczości.
Authors: Janiak Edyta
Published: January 2019

The article aims to present the figure of contemporary artist Janine Antoni
by discussing her most important performances. The author of the article
pays particular attention to Antoni’s work Inhabit, which she interprets
and analyzes in the spirit of arachnology. This strategy intends to present
Inhabit as a kind of metaphor of feminine creativity.
Performatywny charakter estetyki
Authors: Dziamski Grzegorz
Published: January 2019

Many lecturers of aesthetics feel that the subject of their lectures is not necessarily aesthetics, but history of aesthetics, the aesthetic views of Plato and Aristotle, Kant and Hegel, Hume and Burke, the British philosophers of taste and German romanticists. Does that mean that aesthetics feeds on its own past, is nurtured by reinterpretations of its classics, defends concepts and categories that inspire no one and do not open new cognitive perspectives? Does it mean that aesthetics is dead today, like Latin or Sanskrit, while its vision of art and beauty is outdated, invalid and totally useless? Aesthetics is a polysemous concept, which has never been sufficiently defined. It can determine a way of perceiving and experiencing the world that is specific for a given community, in other words, taste, yet it can also mean certain countries’ or regions’ contribution to aesthetic thought, to the aesthetic self-knowledge of man. Thus its dimension is practical, cultural and philosophical. Today aesthetics faces new challenges that it has to live up to; its major tasks include the defence of popular art, polishing the concept of aesthetic experience, aestheticization of everyday life and de-aestheticization of art, transcultural aesthetics and its approach to national cultures. In the book “Aesthetics: the Big Questions” (1998) Carolyn Korsmeyer reduces the main issues of contemporary aesthetics to six questions. The first question, old but valid, is a question about the definition of art. What is art? Nowadays everything can be art because art has shed all limitations, even the limitations of its own definition, and has gained absolute freedom. It has become absolute, as Boris Groys says. It has become absolute, because it has made anti-art a full-fledged part of art, and it has not been possible either to question or negate art since, as even the negation of art is art, legitimized by a more than 100 year long tradition, going back to the first ready-made by Marcel Duchamp in 1913. Today making art can be art and not making art can be art, as well, art is art and anti-art is art. The old question: “What is art?” loses its sense, and so does Nelson Goodman’s question: “When art?”. When does something become art? These questions are substituted by new ones: “What is art for you?”, “What do you expect from art?”. There can be a lot of answers, because defining art has a performative character. Louise Bourgeois has expressed the performative character of defining art in an even better way: “Art is whatever we believe to be art”. And for some reasons, which we do not fully realize ourselves, we want to make others share our belief.
Obrus, o definicji performansu
Authors: Solski Zbigniew, Władysław
Published: January 2019

From its very beginning the development of performatics was influenced by two kinds of performance activities: performance art and theatre. In Poland theatrologists became proponents of performatics. The translation of Schechner’s book about performance studies was used to homogenise Polish performative vocabulary: the translator reached for the polonized word “performans” and created a new term: “performatyka”. Thanks to Schechner’s general definition – performances are actions, while the subject of performatics are behaviours – the concept of “performans” proved to be very useful because the Polish language lacks such “transparent tool of description”. When in the U.S.A. the researchers dealing with performance studies radically broadened the area of performative activities, their representative in Poland, Jacek Wachowski, became involved in the process of limiting the notion of “performans” and theatre’s influence on performatics. This article is devoted to his innovative proposal.
"Inhabit" of Janine Antoni as a metaphor of female creation
Authors: Janiak Edyta
Published: January 2019

The article aims to present the figure of contemporary artist Janine Antoni
by discussing her most important performances. The author of the article
pays particular attention to Antoni’s work Inhabit, which she interprets
and analyzes in the spirit of arachnology. This strategy intends to present
Inhabit as a kind of metaphor of feminine creativity.
Agenesis of second premolar teeth - diagnostics and treatment
Authors: Smusz Mirosław Piotr
Published: January 2019

Agenesis of second premolar teeth represents a problem that dentists and orthodontists deal with on a daily basis, and which will occur with greater and greater prevalence due to a tendency for the number of teeth to decrease evolutionally. Besides being an obvious aesthetic defect, the absence of teeth may cause serious functional effects such as, for example, malocclusion. Depending on the author of a research study, agenesis prevalence rate is reported to amount to 0.3 – 36.5 per cent, which suggests that it is a problem that every orthodontist will, sooner or later, have to handle. Very delayed development of second premolars described in the literature may also cause serious problems. Aim. This article is an attempt to present the problem in its entirety. It will discuss patient diagnostics, treatment planning in cases where buds of second premolars are missing as well as common tooth anomalies in subjects from the sample under examination. Material and methods. Selected scientific articles from the years 1939-2015 have been reviewed. Results and conclusions. A clinician has at their disposal at least several tools allowing for separation of patients that can be found in a group being at risk of agenesis or late development of second premolar teeth. A clinician may refer to the chronological age, adjacent teeth development stage or certain phenotypic traits described. A diagnosis made correctly is the foundation of good treatment strategy, which has to take into account a large number of the abovementioned factors. The best choice in these days when full wide smiles are preferred seems to be to leave the deciduous tooth in place for as long as possible.