bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENYULUHAN DAN SOSIALISASI PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DI DESA TERATAK
Authors: Isnaeni Lira Mufti Azzahri , Elfian Elfian
Published: February 2023

Effective waste management can be started from the management of waste sorting independently by the community. However, to increase public awareness to want to manage waste independently is not easy and requires a long time. Because just providing additional knowledge is not enough, so it is necessary to carry out activities to provide skills to the community so that they are able and have the awareness to do waste sorting independently. This community service activity aims to raise public awareness to have a concern for environmental sustainability by not throwing garbage in the river, as well as providing community skills to carry out waste sorting management independently. The target audience involved in this community service activity is the community of RT 3 and RW 1 of Teratak Village, Rumbio Jaya District. This activity was carried out using several methods, namely lectures and questions and answers, Focus Discussion Groups (FDG), and workshops (Independent waste sorting management practices). The training participants are divided into groups of five to ten people. Each group was asked to practice how to sort organic and non-organic waste. Overall, the PKM activities ran smoothly and received a positive response from the participants. Although the ultimate goal for environmental preservation has not yet been achieved, at least the goal to raise awareness, care and provide skills for the people of RT 3 and RW 1 Teratak Village, Rumbio Jaya District to carry out waste sorting management independently can be carried out. Participants have been able to practice household waste sorting independently by separating organic and non-organic waste into the used tire waste bins that have been distributed
PENGEMBANGAN USAHA BUNGA ROSELLA DI KUOK KABUPATEN KAMPAR
Authors: Syafriani Syafriani , Afiah Afiah , Aprilla Nia
Published: February 2023

Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a shrub or shrub which is a seasonal plant in the Malvaceae family. Rosella has many benefits. Roselle plant parts such as seeds, flower petals and leaves can be processed into a variety of foods. The purpose of this activity is to cultivate Rosella plants, to improve a product that is sourced from local wisdom which makes it a goal of this community empowerment activity to explore creative and innovative ideas, instill an entrepreneurial spirit, train mentally and teach hard work and responsibility not only to oneself. , but society. There are several obstacles encountered when carrying out activities, namely (1) limited capital. (2) the lack of Rosella flower plants in urban areas. (3) there is no diversity of processed Rosella flower products. (4) there is no diversity of processed Rosella flower products (5) the lack of people to cultivate Rosella flower plants. Activities that will be carried out in this PKM program include several development efforts, including syrup and candied rosella. The cost of profit from the sale of processed syrup products and candied rosella is sold at a price of Rp. 35,000 per bottle after calculating the making of betel leaf chips of Rp. 30,000, and then the sweets are sold at a price of Rp. 25,000 per pack after calculating the manufacture of betel leaf candy of Rp. 20,000. So that development efforts can increase the income of rosella farmer partners
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KADER MEMANTAU PERTUMBUHAN BALITA DI POSYANDU
Authors: Fathurrahman Fathurrahman , Magdalena Magdalena , Nurhamidi Nurhamidi
Published: February 2023

There is still a shortage of active posyandu cadres in Martapura Barat District. Some cadres were recruited to replace cadres who had dropped out and had never been trained. Many Posyandu cadres have difficulty measuring toddlers’s height and weighing correctly. The purpose of this activity is to improve the ability of cadres to monitor the growth of toddlers in posyandu. The target of the activity was 43 posyandu cadres in Martapura Barat District. The activities were divided into two stages, namely training for cadres in class in the form of theory and practice for two days, and the second stage was field practice as well as fostering posyadu activitie. Material training is theory and practice of weighing, measuring height and length, filling in KMS, and counseling on nutrition. As a result of the activity, training has been carried out to improve the ability of cadres in monitoring growth. The activity was carried out at the Sungai Batang Ilir Village Hall. Weighing practices are carried out according to posyandu opening days. From the results of the activity, there was an increase in the knowledge and skills of cadres in carrying out the process of weighing weight and measuring TB as well as filling in the KMS. Skills of cadres in nutrition counseling at table 4 need to be improved and further coaching by related parties. Suggestions, it is necessary to periodically coach and refresh cadres by related parties, procure standard anthropometric tools, and increase the ability of cadres to provide counseling and nutrition counseling.

 Keywords: Ability of cadres, monitoring, growth of toddlers
PENDAMPINGAN PELIBATAN ORANG TUA DALAM PENINGKATAN MINAT BELAJAR ANAK PADA MASA KENORMALAN BARU DI DESA BANJARSARI, KABUPATEN PROBOLINGGO
Authors: Sutrisno Adi , Tjahyadi Indra , Wafa Hosnol , Andayani Sri , Edy Mulyono Sugeng , Hidayati Nuril , Zamroni M.
Published: February 2023

This community service aims to increase children's interest in learning through learning methods that involve parents and children in the new normal period. The urgency of carrying out this activity was due to the low interest in learning for children in various villages in the Kabupaten Probolinggo during the new normal period. This community service activity was carried out in Desa Banjarsari, Kabupaten Probolinggo, Jawa Timur. The method used in this activity is the tutorial and mentoring method which is carried out offline in Desa Banjarsari, Kabupaten Probolinggo, Jawa Timur. The result of this community service activity is the ability of parents as children's learning partners, and the formation of parent-child learning partnerships in Desa Banjarsari, Kabupaten Probolinggo, Jawa Timur. The Community Service Team for the English Study Program, Faculty of Letters and Philosophy, University of Panca Marga found two advantages, as follows: 1) the presence of parents who are concerned about the success of their children's education, and 2) an informal atmosphere is an option in training and mentoring parents in increasing children's learning interest in the new normal era.

Keywords: mentoring, interest in learning, parents, children
Sistematis Literatur Review (SLR) : Peningkatan Kapasitas dan Pengelola Sumber Daya dalam Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah pada Badan Usaha Milik Desa
Authors: Hanafia Hambali , Hawa Irzami , Apriliana Katarina Rika , Iriyanti Iriyanti , Munandar Agus
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyze capacity building and resource management in micro, small and medium enterprises, village-owned enterprises, namely in the field of human resource development and training in several villages by providing ongoing assistance and collaborating with various parties. The study used a systematic literature review approach through several stages, namely identifying research questions, establishing a data base for research results, selecting relevant research results and indexing data extraction, synthesizing results using narrative methods and presenting data. Methodology This research was conducted with a search engine (Google Chrome) using the address https://scholar.google.com/ chosen according to the address of the largest open database website that can be accessed by many parties who search with the search term "UMKM BUMDES. PDFs”. From the results of a literature review search found 31 articles with topics related to MSMEs using BUMDes then the results of the analysis show that creative industry synergy is needed, this synergy requires a support system, namely the state, universities, the media and the business world. state support is very important in this case then the university can help with concept development and further assistance the mass media is a means of publication and village products then the community can become successful and the company can become a productive partner in the village. Then it is then managed by several regions in Indonesia starting from planning to controlling BUMDes so that it continues to run well then it is regulated in regulations and based on the approved articles of association. As for how to start a business such as services and trade as well as BUMDes management can be done digitally so that management can function optimally.
Efektivitas Manajemen Intensifikasi Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter Melalui Pembelajaran dalam Jaringan (Daring) pada Masa Pasca Pandemi Covid 19 di SMAN 1 Gegesik Kabupaten Cirebon
Authors: Salim Agus
Published: February 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic has had quite a big impact on the lives of Indonesian people, one of which is in the aspect of education. The policy regarding the implementation of learning in Indonesia is that learning must be carried out online or remotely. As the Covid 19 pandemic continues to spread, it has an impact on education, especially on the character and learning system of students. So every educational institution needs program management to strengthen character education. This study aims to understand the management of character education strengthening programs through online and offline learning during the Covid 19 New Normal pandemic which includes planning, implementation and evaluation.
Uji Ketahanan pH Minyak Atsiri dari Kulit Buah Jeruk dan Bunga Kenanga sebagai Bahan Pengganti Aromaterapi pada Mata Kuliah Perawatan Badan
Authors: Fatmasari Fitria Hansyah , Mukti Ria Andriani , Nuraini Iut
Published: February 2023

The formulation of the problem in this study tested the stability of the chemical content of essential oils from citrus fruit peels and ylang flowers. The aim of the study was to determine the feasibility of the chemical content in the essential oils of orange peel and ylang flowers. The research method used is laboratory tests and descriptive analysis in the collection and analysis of research data. The results of the study showed that the pH contained in essential oils was classified as acidic, so it could be used as aromatherapy. The conclusion of the research from the research that has been done needs further research related to the shelf life and durability of essential oils.
Pengaruh Kreativitas Guru terhadap Minat Belajar Bahasa Indonesia Siswa Kelas IV Rangang Kecamatan Pacar Kabupaten Manggari Barat
Authors: Hanut Monika , Novianti Chatarina , Boleng Benedikta
Published: February 2023

The results of this study indicate that there is an influence of teacher creativity on students' interest in learning Indonesian in class IV Rangang, Pacar District, West Manggari Regency. This can be seen from the partial determination coefficient (R2) obtained from the calculation, namely 0.304 or 30.4%. And partly influenced by other factors, namely as much as 69.6% which is not explained in this study. (4) Based on the results of the study, it showed that the variable (X) Teacher Creativity had an effect on Interest in Learning Indonesian Language for Class IV Rangang Students, Girlfriend District, West Manggari Regency. This can be proven by the results of Simple Regression Analysis calculations to find the Effect of Teacher Creativity on Interest in Learning Indonesian for Grade IV Rangang Students, Girlfriend District, West Manggari Regency, a correlation coefficient (R) = 0.367 which states that the correlation index (r) X to Y is sufficient with an effect of 0.367 or 36.7%. This means that the correlation index (R) of the influence of teacher creativity contributes to the learning interest of Class IV Rangang students, Girlfriend District, West Manggari Regency, which is at a strong index.
Kisah Wirausaha Restoran McDonald dari Film The Founder
Authors: Herman Nicholas
Published: February 2023

The Founder ini diawali dengan Ray Kroc yangberjualan mesin pengocok susu dengan inovasi yang bagus. Ray Kroc berkeliling ke berbagai tempat untuk menjualkan mesin ini akan tetapi semua orang menolak hal tersebut. Hingga pada suatu ketika ada orang yang memesan mesinnya sebanyak 6 mesin kocok dan nama restoran tersebut adalah Mc Donald. Akhirnya Ray Kroc bertemu dengan pemilik Mc Donald yaitu Mac dan Dick. Pada hal ini Ray tertarik dengan bisnis Mc Donald dan kemudian mereka mengajak Ray untuk berkeliling di dapurnya. Mac dan Dick ini membuat sebuah inovasi yang sangat bagus dimana mereka merancang penyediaan makanan dalam waktu yang cepat.
What drives preventative health behaviors several months into a pandemic: A replication and extension
Authors: Disabato David , Coifman Karin , Taber Jennifer M , Foust Jeremy Lee , Thompson Clarissa A. , Sidney Pooja Gupta
Published: February 2023

There is continued interest in understanding what leads people to do CDC-recommended COVID-19 prevention behaviors. We tested whether fear and COVID-19 worry would replicate as the primary drivers of six CDC recommend prevention behaviors. We recruited 741 adult participants during the second major peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (early 2021). Participants completed a 10-day daily diary. Mixed effects models identified the strongest predictors of each individual prevention behavior. At the between-person level, COVID-19 worry, COVID-19 perceived susceptibility, fear, and positive emotions all had positive zero-order associations with the prevention behaviors. However, with all predictors in the same model together, only COVID-19 worry remained significant. At the within-person level, only fear related to assessing oneself for COVID-19 on the same day, but not the next day. Findings replicated worry about yourself or a loved one getting COVID-19 as the strongest predictor of prevention behaviors.
SNPs to predict penicillin allergy
Authors: Suriol Xavier
Published: February 2023

The combination of two SNPs may predict Penicillin Allergy. The results show that the combination of SNPs rs1323826=AG AND rs12483887=CC (both simultaneously) is significant at p_value Fisher Exact Test 5.82442e‐12 to predict the allergy to penicillin.
El reto de la transdisciplinariedad en el contexto COVID-19: Discernimiento metodológico
Authors: de Guzman Madeleine Griselda Chunqui Niño , Sánchez Wilmer Pedro Chávez , Jimenez Santiago Linder Rubiños , Apaza Fernando Mendoza , Arriola Genaro Christian Pesantes , Vega Enrique Díaz
Published: February 2023

Boaventura de Sousa Santos, (2020) en su libro la cruel pedagogía del virus expone acerca de la normalidad excepcional de la pandemia por covid-19, no fue una situación de emergencia, lo que se opone claramente a una situación normal. Desde los años 80, cuando el neoliberalismo se consagró como la versión dominante del capitalismo y obedecía cada vez más a la lógica del sector financiero, el mundo ha vivido en un constante estado de crisis. Situación doblemente anormal. Por otro lado, la idea de una crisis permanente es un oxímoron porque, etimológicamente, una crisis es de carácter excepcional y temporal, ofreciendo una oportunidad para alcanzar un mejor estado de las cosas. Por otro lado, si la crisis es temporal, debe explicarse los factores que la provocan. Pero si se hace permanente, la crisis se convierte en la causa que explica todo lo demás. Por ejemplo, la crisis financiera en curso se usa para explicar los recortes de políticas sociales (atención médica, educación, seguridad social) o las disminuciones de salarios. Por lo tanto, nos impide preguntarnos las verdaderas razones de la crisis. El objetivo de la crisis permanente no debe resolverse. Pero ¿cuál es el propósito de este objetivo? Básicamente, hay dos: la legaliza la escandalosa concentración de la riqueza y la boicotea las medidas efectivas para prevenir el inminente desastre ecológico.Así hemos vivido los últimos cuarenta años. Por tanto, la pandemia agudizó la situación de crisis en la que cayó la población del mundo. Por lo tanto, presenta un riesgo particular. En muchos países, los servicios de salud pública estaban mejor preparados para hacer frente a una pandemia hace diez o veinte años que durante la pandemia actual. En cada época histórica, las formas de vida dominantes (trabajo, consumo, ocio, convivencia) y las formas de prevenir o retrasar la muerte son relativamente rígidas y parecen derivar de reglas inscritas en el núcleo de la naturaleza humana.
ANALISA VARIASI VISCOSITAS PELUMAS PADA PROSES QUENCHING TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK BAJA AISI 1045
Authors: Pratama Andra , Prasetya Novan Hari , Maulana Muhammad Ilham
Published: February 2023

Baja AISI 1045 memiliki kadar komposisi kandungan karbon sekitar 0,43 sampai dengan 0,50. Aplikasi baja AISI 1045[1], [2]. banyak digunakan dalam bidang otomotif. seperti pembuatan komponen roda gigi, poros dan bantalan pada berbagai kendaraan bermotor [3]–[5]. Baja tersebut sering mengalami gesekan dan tekanan sehingga membuat sifat ketahanan aus dan kekerasan dari baja tersebut berkurang[6]–[8]. Baja perlakuan panas bertujuan agar menghasilkan sifat-sifat logam yang sesuai dengan kebutuan dalam dunia otomotif[9], [10].heat treatment terdapat beberapa jenis metode yang digunakan salah satunya metode quenching[11]–[13]. proses quenching memerlukan media pendingin yang berfungsi sebagai media untuk membentuk perubahan sifat mekanik dari material[12], [14].sistem pengkodean nomenklatur yang dilakukan baja AISI 1045 merupakan baja karbon yang termasuk kedalam golongan baja karbon menengah[15], [16]. karbon menengah tentunya baja tersebut sering mengalami berbagai macam gesekan dan tekanan[17], [18]. pada baja hanya dapat dilakukan pada baja yang memiliki kandungan karbon diatas 0.03%[19], [20]. pemanasan baja pada suhu tertentu, dipertahankan pada waktu tertentu dan didinginkan pada media pendingin tertentu pula[21]–[24].penelitian terdahulu oleh Muas meneliti tentang tempering dengan variasi temperatur dan variasi media pendinginan pada baja AISI-1045[25]. hasil dari perlakuan pendinginan dengan menggunakan metode air dapat menyebabkan timbulnya tegangan[26], [27].pendingin minyak pelumas akan menimbulkan selaput karbon pada specimen tergantung dari besarnya viskositas pelumas[28]. viskositas oli sangat berpengaruh terhadap sifat mekanik baja[29], [30]. Maka dari itu peneliti memilih menggunakan oli SAE-20 sebagai media quenching yang memiliki kekentalan yang rendah. Penelitian ini menggunakan materian AISI-1045 untuk mengetahui sifat mekanik dan sifat fisis melalui struktur mikro yang terjadi. Berdasarkan latar belakang diatas, maka peneliti melakukan penelitian perlakuan panas baja AISI-1045 dengan metode queching bertingkat menggunakan media pendigin oli. Perpaduan media quenching ini diharapkan mampu memadukan karakter baja yang dihasilkan dari media pendingin oli yang ulet dan keras
FLUXO DE CARGA ÓTIMO APLICADO À REDE DE TRANSMISSÃO HÍBRIDA CA/CC: UMA ANÁLISE HEURÍSTICA POR MEIO DO MÉTODO PSO
Authors: Ferreira Ginúbio Braga
Published: February 2023

O objetivo principal deste pré-projeto é estudar o problema de fluxo de carga ótimo aplicado à uma rede de transmissão híbrida CA/CC proposta, baseado nos métodos iterativos convencionais e com aplicação de um método heurístico (PSO) para solução do problema de FCO.
KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI TAHTA SUCI VATIKAN
Authors: Penulis
Published: February 2023

Konflik Suriah merupakan salah satu imbas dari Arab Spring yang kemudian berkembang menjadi proxy war. Eskalasi ini tidak jarang mendorong aktor-aktor yang memiliki kepentingan politis untuk terlibat dan menyebabkan konflik Suriah tak kunjung menemukan titik akhir. Di tengah ramainya aktor-aktor yang aktif dalam panggung politik internasional, Tahta Suci Vatikan hadir untuk memperjuangkan perdamaian di Suriah. Hal ini tentu menjadi sebuah pertanyaan mengingat Tahta Suci Vatikan tidak memiliki agenda politis namun turut terjun dalam konflik Suriah. Adapun penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti hal tersebut, yakni untuk meneliti mengapa Tahta Suci Vatikan melibatkan diri dalam memperjuangkan perdamaian di Suriah. Dengan menggunakan teori konstruktivisme berbasis norma dan konsep kebijakan luar negeri, penelitian ini disusun dalam riset kualitatif tipe eksplanatif dengan teknik analisis kongruen. Konstruktivisme menyediakan penjelasan mengenai mengapa suatu negara mengeluarkan sebuah kebijakan luar negeri yang bukan didasari oleh hal-hal material seperti halnya realis. Konstruktivisme berbasis norma mengamini bahwa norma, salah satunya norma domestik yang dianut oleh suatu negara dapat mempengaruhi kepentingan suatu negara yang kemudian mempengaruhi kebijakan luar negeri. Adapun pengaruh dari norma tersebut dilihat sebagai fungsi regulatif dan konstitutif suatu norma dan norma tersebutlah yang menjadi standar bagaimana suatu negara bertindak pantas dan seharusnya (logic of appropriateness). Adapun dalam hal ini Pacem In Terris sebagai salah satu ensiklik dalam ajaran sosial Katolik menjadi salah satu norma domestik yang dimiliki oleh Tahta Suci Vatikan. Oleh karena itu, hasil dari penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Pacem In Terris sebagai norma domestik Tahta Suci Vatikan merupakan standar bagaimana seharusnya bertindak dalam memperjuangkan misi perdamaian di bumi. Norma ini kemudian mempengaruhi kepentingan Tahta Suci Vatikan untuk memperjuangkan perdamaian dengan cara-cara yang damai dan kemudian sebagai ‘peta’ yang mempengaruhi kebijakan Tahta Suci Vatikan untuk turut serta mengeluarkan beberapa kebijakan luar negeri yang dilandasi oleh misi perdamaian. Adapun saran untuk penelitian selanjutnya alangkah lebih baiknya menganalisis mengenai bagaimana implikasi dari kebijakan Tahta Suci Vatikan di Suriah dan pengaruh norma domestik Pacem In Terris dalam konflik lainnya.
Filsafat hukum menjadi secercah harapan hukum di indonesia
Authors: lisandoss Afrian
Published: February 2023

Ukuran mengenai keadilan seringkali ditafsirkan berbeda-beda. Keadilan itu sendiripun bermacammacam, dalam berbagai bidang , misalnya ekonomi, maupun hukum. Berbicara mengenai keadilan hal ini senantiasa menjadi topik yang utama dan menarik, karena selalu berhubungan dengan penyelesaian yang berhubungan dengan penegak hukum. Banyaknya kasus hukum yang tidak dapat di selesaikan atau di putuskan dengan adil karena di tarik dalam masalah politik. Kebenaran hukum dan keadilan dimanipulasi dengan cara yang sistematik sehingga peradilan tidak memberikan putusan adil karena tidak melalui prosedur yang benar, tindakan pengadilan seringkali tidak bijak karena tidak memberi kepuasan pada masyarakat.
The negative power of music: Effects of disliked music on psychophysiology
Authors: Merrill Julia , Ackermann Taren-Ida , Czepiel Anna
Published: February 2023

While previous research has shown the positive effects of music listening in response to one’s favorite music, the negative effects of one’s most disliked music have not gained much attention. Contra to studies on musical chills, in the current study, participants listened to three self-selected disliked musical pieces which evoked highly unpleasant feelings. As a contrast, three musical pieces were individually selected for each participant based on neutral liking ratings they provided on other participants’ music. During music listening, real-time ratings of subjective (dis)pleasure and simultaneous recordings of peripheral measures were obtained. Results show that compared to neutral music, listening to disliked music evokes physiological reactions reflecting higher arousal (heart rate, skin conductance response, body temperature), disgust (levator labii muscle), anger (corrugator supercilii muscle), distress and grimacing (zygomaticus major muscle). The differences between conditions were most prominent during “very unpleasant” real-time ratings, showing peak responses for the disliked music. Hence, disliked music leads to a strong response of physiological arousal and facial expression, reflecting the listener’s attitude toward the music and the physiologically strenuous effect of listening to one’s disliked music.
What can Interviewer-Collected Paradata Tell About Measurement Quality in Face-to-Face Surveys? Analyzing Response Styles in six Rounds of the European Social Survey
Authors: Muszyński Marek , Jabkowski Piotr
Published: February 2023

Response styles, defined as choosing certain response options on a basis other than the content of a question can seriously threaten the validity of survey data. Although response styles are present in both face-to-face and self-completion surveys, they have been far more researched in the latter mode of data collection. Our study aimed to investigate the presence of response styles and their correlates in face-to-face surveys based on a large dataset of the European Social Survey (2002-2018). We identified main response styles covariates, concentrating on interviewer-collected survey paradata describing respondent characteristics and interview context. Our results pointed to a non-negligible role of respondent-interviewer gender and age matching and for the presence of response styles. Much lower effects were obtained regarding interviewer observations on respondents’ levels of cooperation before and during an interview. We concluded with recommendations for using interviewer-collected paradata and further studies on response styles in face-to-face surveys.
Analysing hate speech towards women on Reddit
Authors: Deligianni Artemis , Horne Zachary
Published: February 2023

Men's rights activists have formed male-supremacist, antifeminist men's groups seeking to undermine and exclude women from male-dominated spaces. Currently, hate speech detection struggles with some nuances in language, and men's rights hate speech is incredibly varied and nuanced. Therefore, we used topic modelling and sentiment analysis to understand why men's rights hate speech is hard to detect and to guide development of future hate speech detection algorithms. Our analysis revealed that although all three groups focused on women in their discussions, men's rights groups were more focused on grievances, such as being rejected by women or what they perceived to be discrimination against men. These results replicate prior qualitative research and highlight promising directions for both improving classification performance of hate speech and better understanding cross-cultural hate speech towards women.
I focus only when I see your fear - fearful faces are not prioritized by attention when processed outside of awareness
Authors: Doradzińska Łucja , Bola Michał
Published: February 2023

The defensive reaction to threats consists of two components: non-specific physiological arousal and specific attentional prioritization of the threatening stimulus, both of which are assumed by the so-called “low-road” hypothesis to be induced automatically and unconsciously. While ample evidence indicates that non-specific arousal can indeed be caused by unconscious threatening stimuli, data regarding the involvement of the attentional selection mechanism remains inconclusive. Therefore, in the present study we used ERPs to compare the potential engagement of attention in the perception of subliminal and supraliminal fearful facial expressions to that of neutral ones. In the conscious condition, fearful faces were preferentially encoded (as indicated by the N170 component) and prioritized by bottom-up (EPN) and spatial attention (N2pc) in an automatic, task-independent manner. Furthermore consciously perceived fearful expressions engaged cognitive resources (SPCN, P3) when face stimuli were task-relevant. In the unconscious condition fearful faces were still preferentially encoded (N170), but we found no evidence for any type of attentional prioritization. Therefore, by showing that threatening stimuli engage attention only when perceived consciously, our findings challenge the “low road” hypothesis and point to the limits of unconscious attentional selection.
THE IRON KHADZAR AS AN ELEMENT OF THE SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN A MODERN NORTH OSSETIAN CITY
Authors: Shtyrkov Sergei
Published: February 2023

The article describes khadzars—special ritual houses built in the courtyards of residential areas of Vladikavkaz (Republic of North Ossetia—Alania) that have become elements of informal social infrastructure. As a venue for ritual feasts, khadzars are built by families living in a multi-storey house or complex of houses and are the responsibility of the “khadzar activists”—groups of adult men who organise and oversee collective rituals during funerals, memorials, Ossetian and national calendar festivities, and sometimes weddings. These same men often use the khadzar to pass their leisure time in it. Built with the tacit consent of local authorities and actively used by them to, for example, hold meetings with residents during election campaigns, khadzars nevertheless remain illegal structures with an unclear legal status. The lack of clarity on this issue becomes a problem when utility companies start demanding that residents enter into separate contracts to connect the khadzars to the city’s infrastructure—heating and electricity—which poses a challenge to the neighbourhood community. This raises the question for the house or yard community as to who really owns these buildings and who should therefore take care of their fate.
FORUM: THE MATERIAL TURN AND THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF RELIGION
Authors: Abroskina Evgeniia , Antonyan Yulia , Baranov Dmitry , Bobrovnikov Vladimir , Fomina Victoria , Gasimzianov Mansur , Guchinova Elza-Bair , Hakkarainen Marina , Kryukova Natalia , Leete Art , Masagutova Mariе , Mikeshin Igor , Panchenko Alexander A. , Rygovskiy Danila , Senina Yulia , Vallikivi Laur
Published: February 2023

“Material religion” as a research program is a relatively new development in the study of religion in the social sciences and humanities. Though this approach has its own forerunners and predecessors, one can argue that it took shape in the wake of an epistemological critique of social and cultural anthropology which treated religion as embedded in the cognitive and psychological experiences of a human being. Accordingly, the material manifestation of religion used to be treated as secondary, optional, and even superfluous. Criticism of this understanding of the nature of religion and of the methods of its studying focuses on the cultural and historical specificity of this approach originating from the use of Protestantism as a model for any religion. The material turn, in contrast, argues that spiritual experience is or at least can be studied as a derivation of bodily practices and experiences caused by the communication of a human with things, substances, images, sounds, fragrances, and flavours. Taken as integral parts of religious infrastructure, they constitute both the mundane and devotional life of an individual believer and of a religious community. This trend in social research remains unnoticed in Russian social science and humanities. The forum aims to assess the state of art in the field of material religion and discuss perspectives of its development. Participants in the discussion highlight the role of the materiality of things and substances, bodies, and mechanisms in their own research and what heuristic perspectives this material turn opens for them. A separate line of discussion concerns the prospects of grafting material religion to the classic models of social research, such as Marxist sociology.
OBJECTS IN SEARCH FOR INTERPRETATION: A Review of ANNA BIGELOW (ed.), ISLAM THROUGH OBJECTS. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2021, 264 pp.
Authors: Stukalin Gleb
Published: February 2023

The new collection, edited by Anna Bigelow, expands the methodology of the material approach to religion through the authors’ close look at various aspects of Muslim life. Under the cover one can find articles by researchers of substantial expertise in their fields. Each article represents a statement on a separate topic (be it history, architecture, numismatics, art history, environmental studies, etc.). The works highlight both examples from the very heart of the Muslim world (Mecca), as well as cases that are considered to be peripheral or even marginal (historic Granada, Upper Volta, the American Nation of Islam). Given such large gaps between the topics of the articles in the collection, one may conclude that material religion as a separate field of knowledge is still at the stage of formation. The review draws a disappointing conclusion that the authors’ interdisciplinary approach comes to a standstill, since the collection does not set a general framework and concepts. Referring to Ibn Arabi, the editor proclaims maximum freedom in choosing a research topic (“any subject is Islamic insofar as it is embodied by the force of the knowledge of the Creator”). Thus, materials on Indian talismans, Yemeni coins, American pins, and the Granada water system are collected under one cover—and all these topics still pretend to be united by the frame of religion.
ORA ET LABORA IN THE DARK ANTHROPOLOGY OF MODERN ORTHODOX CONVENTS: A Review of DARYA DUBOVKA, V MONASTYR S MIROM: V POISKAKH SVETSKIKH KORNEY SOVREMENNOY DUKHOVNOSTI [TO THE MONASTERY IN PEACE: IN SEARCH OF SECULAR ROOTS OF MODERN SPIRITUALITY]. St Petersburg: European University at St Petersburg Press, 2020, 208 pp.
Authors: Khonineva Ekaterina
Published: February 2023

The book under review is the first systematic study of subjectivation practices in contemporary Russian Orthodox monasteries based on long-term participant observation. The monograph questions the idealized, timeless image of monastic convents and their inhabitants, as if elevated above earthly life with its socially unsightly aspects—the labour exploitation, everyday violence, and the orientation toward material gain. Monasteries thus appear in the book as derived from certain configurations of power and economic relations rooted in the secular past. The monograph is also distinguished by its theoretical innovations and bold anthropological interpretation. The proposal of a new, communicative, model for the study of charismatic authority—as well as the introduction of a new variable, temporality—in the study of agency and resistance in religious contexts should be recognized as important analytical findings; these can and should be applied in studies of other religious and spiritual practices. A cautious critique of the review focuses mainly on the chosen model of ethnographic representation and the misuse of the economic metaphor, often reducing the spiritual life of the convent inhabitants to rational choice, reciprocal exchange, and the search for economic benefits, albeit understood in spiritual terms.
Corporate Social Responsibility Policy in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case of Nepal
Authors: Rajkarnikar Rashmee Shilpakar
Published: February 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic is the greatest global challenge faced since World War II. Nepal saw first COVID-19 infected case on 24th March, 2020. COVID-19 had already impacted in the human tragedy. The unique effect of the COVID-19 pandemic is that it once again forcefully pushed societal inequalities into public consciousness. It has provided both challenges as well as opportunities to companies and organizations with regard to their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Mandatory CSR could work fulfil the gap wide range of stakeholders’ needs created by the pandemic. This paper aims at investigating the rationale for the mandatory CSR in the era of Post COVID - 19 and contribute the CSR laws to direct how the law can prevent harms to the society beyond philanthropic initiative. The method adopted in this paper is the theoretical review of contextual pandemic situation, policy responses, the mandatory CSR policy of Nepal and other countries. The result shows that the mandatory CSR is humanitarian focused in the west and development in the east. Almost all the CSR laws are drafted with political interest thus, are not supported by regulatory and monitoring mechanism to measure the adequacy of implementation as per the legal requirements. Fighting against such pandemics will call for a joint effort of the corporate sector, government, and the stakeholders (including pandemic effected), and achieving readiness for corporate social responsibility.
An Assessment of the Impact of Industries on Economic Growth in Nepal: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Khatri Mukti Bahadur
Published: February 2023

Industrial sector is considered as the most potential sector of an economy to achieve and sustain the economic development of any nation. So, this study examines analytically assessing the impact of industries on economic growth in Nepal based on secondary data and used Johansen Co-integration, Vector Auto Regression (VAR), Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and Granger Causality test regarding Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis to investigate the relative changes in the position of the total industries, total investment, and real GDP between the time period 1989 and 2019 of Nepal. According to OLS and VAR results, there is a significant and positive relationship between real gross domestic product (RGDP) with investment but insignificant and inverse relationship of total industries with RGDP of Nepal. It implies that RGDP is mostly influenced by investment. Accordingly, Johansen co-integration rank tests indicate that there exists a co-integration relationship among total industry and investment with RGDP of Nepal and VECM tests also indicate the long-run relationships of these variables. However, there is a Granger-causality existing between investment with GDP and total industries and others have no causality.
Estimating Households’ Vulnerability to Poverty from an Idiosyncratic Shock: Evidence from Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Naveen , Shahi Pushpa Raj , GC Shreezal
Published: February 2023

This paper estimates the vulnerability to the poverty level of the households in Nepal for an idiosyncratic shock using the third round of Nepal Living Standard Survey data. A feasible generalized least square technique is employed to calculate the vulnerability score, further disaggregated between rural-urban areas, provinces, and major caste/ethnic groups. The findings reveal that thirty-two percent of households are highly vulnerable, indicating that they have higher chances of falling below the poverty line due to death, illness, unemployment, and other household-specific shocks. The paper also finds that Karnali and Sudur Paschim Provinces have higher vulnerability than other provinces. Likewise, Dalits and Muslims have higher vulnerability scores compared to other castes / ethnic groups. The estimation suggests that the poverty incidence and vulnerability scores largely overlap, yet the vulnerability scores are consistently higher among all groups indicating a high risk of households falling into poverty. Therefore, it is desirable that major groups’ vulnerability profile, in addition to poverty profile, should be constructed and aligns the pro-poor policies to the vulnerable groups to mitigate the risks of pushing such vulnerable households below the poverty line.
Impact of Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements on Foreign Direct Investment in Nepal
Authors: Chalise Bishal Kumar
Published: February 2023

Developing countries like Nepal enter the Double Taxation Avoidance (DTA) Treaties agreements to increase inflow of Foreign Direct Investment. Since DTA avoid simultaneous tax payments by a taxpayer for same income or assets in multiple jurisdictions and be instrumental in promoting cross-border investments and capital transfer among DTA signing countries. However, empirical studies have shown mixed results. This study attempts to assess the impact of Double Taxation Avoidance (DTA) Treaties on inflow of Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) in Nepal. This study uses a comprehensive panel database containing annual flow of FDI from 89 countries for the period of 1990-2016 as well as other factors that might affect FDI flow into the country. We used pooled OLS and fixed effect methods. The study finds that singing DTA agreement have had small but positive impact on the inflow of FDI. Specifically, Nepal receives, on average, between 91.90 to 216.54 million more FDI per country per year from countries with DTA agreement compared to countries without such agreement.
Government Expenditure and Economic Growth in Nepal
Authors: Kharel Melina
Published: February 2023

This study aims to investigate the relationship between the government expenditure on education, health, transportation, agriculture, and economic growth in Nepal from 1975 to 2019. The ARDL approach to co-integration and error correction approach is used to detect the long-run and the short-run relationship between RGDP and exogenous variables in the model. The study revealed the significant and positive impact of educational expenditure on economic growth in the long run. Similarly, health expenditure has a significant but negative impact on GDP in the long-run as well as in the short-run. Moreover, agriculture expenditure of the government is found to have a significant but negative impact on GDP in the long-run. The transportation expenditure is found to be insignificant. The study concludes that government expenditure along with spending pattern, channel of spending and effectiveness of spending are equally important to examine the true effect of government expenditures on economic growth.
Changes in the spectrum of Zinnia phenolic compounds with an excess of copper ions in the substrate
Authors: Permyakov A.R. , Ermoshin A.A. , Tugbaeva A.S. , Kiseleva I.S.
Published: February 2023

Changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of phenolic compounds in response to adverse environmental influences are actively studied, primarily in connection with the antioxidant function of these compounds. However, phenolic compounds such as phenylpropanoids are known to be involved in cell wall lignification. Lignin deposition is not only a natural process for the formation of secondary cell walls, but it is also often considered as a non-specific reaction of plants under stress conditions. However, changes in the content and composition of phenolic compounds during lignification in response to stressors have not been studied enough. Previously, we showed a decrease in the amount of phenolic compounds in response to the action of copper ions, but the question remained whether they are spent on the lignification process or on the quenching of reactive oxygen species. In this regard, the purpose of this work was to identify changes in the amount and composition of phenolic compounds of different polarity in the axial organs of zinnia when grown in a medium with an excess of copper ions. It was shown that under stress caused by copper ions (watering the substrate with a solution of 200 μM copper sulfate), in the roots of 40-day-old zinnia plants, the total content of phenolic compounds did not change significantly. At the same time, the content of fractions soluble in diethyl ether (hydroxycinnamic acids) and ethyl acetate (aglycones of flavonoids and coumarins) decreased, which may indicate the use of phenylpropanoids for additional synthesis of lignin, and flavonoids for antioxidant reactions under stress. In the hypocotyl, the content of hydroxycinnamic acids slightly increased, while in the first internode it did not change. The main part of phenolic compounds in all organs, both in control stressed plants, belonged to the fraction of glycosylated derivatives. At the same time, among this derivates the content of water-soluble phenols increased in the experimental plants in all organs. Thus, under the stress caused by copper ions, the composition and number of phenolic compounds changed.
Analysis of ghrl gene polymorphisms and indicators of psychological screening in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Kochetova O.V. , Avzaletdinova D.Sh. , Bulgakova A.Z. , Gorbatovskaya K.S. , Larkina A.P. , Korytina G.F. , Viktorova T.V.
Published: February 2023

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial chronic disease that develops as a result of insulin resistance. One of the causes of insulin resistance is the presence of obesity. The aim of our study was to analyze polymorphic variants of the ghrelin gene GHRL with the development of T2D in the population of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The group of T2D patients included 396 people, the control group included 380 individuals. The study was carried out using the PCR-RFLP method. An increase in the frequency of the rare allele T (Met) of the GHRL rs696217 gene was found in the control group (P=0.004, OR=0.56 (95% CI 0.39-0.81). An analysis was made of quantitative indicators of psychological testing of the level of impulsivity, eating behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes and in controls. Among patients, an association was found with the level of impulsivity (P=0.039), eating disorders according to the EAT-26 questionnaire (P=0.016) and the DEBQ questionnaire for Emotional Eating Behavior in patients (P=0.0062). Analysis of psychological parameters in the control group revealed association with increased body weight of carriers of the Leu/Leu genotype (P=0.0026), BMI level (P=0.02) and violation of the External type of eating behavior (P=0.04). Analysis of the ROC curve shows that the area under the curve (AUC) was 82.4% (95% CI 83.5-87.4) with a sensitivity of 79.0% and a specificity of 75%, indicating a good ability of the selected parameters (the ghrelin gene included in the analysis, as well as age, gender and BMI) to classify individuals for the presence of T2D in the Tatar population. In this study, we assessed the effect of polymorphic variants of the GHRL gene on the development of T2D in the population of Republic of Bashkortostan. The results obtained in our study indicate a protective effect of the locus in the development of T2D in the Republic of Bashkortostan population, which is consistent with the data obtained for Caucasians, but differs from the data typical for Asian populations.
Evaluation of the stability of complexes formed by KlenTaq DNA polymerase with deoxycytidine triphosphate in the presence of divalent metal cations.
Authors: Kupova O.Yu. , Sakhabutdinova A.R. , Khanova L.I. , Chemeris A.V. , Garafutdinov R.R.
Published: February 2023

DNA polymerases are a key component of DNA synthesis reactions. For their functioning, the presence of divalent metal cations in the reaction mixture is required. The most typical cofactor is the Mg2+ ion; however, there are data on the manifestation of polymerase activity by some DNA polymerases in the presence of other cations. Previously, such data were obtained mainly for DNA polymerases that do not have strand-displacement activity. In this study, quaternary complexes containing DNA, triphosphate, Ca2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, or Zn2+ cations in various combinations, and KlenTaq polymerase, which is able to displace the old strand during the synthesis of a new one, were studied using molecular docking. The energy parameters of the complexes, as well as the positions and types of chemical bonds, were determined. It was found that the maximum number of ionic bonds is formed in the presence of cation combinations Mg2+/Cd2+ and Mg2+/Mg2+ ions.