bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urgency of the Legal Structure Reformation for Law in Execution of Criminal Sanctions
Authors: Widyawati Anis , Pujiyono Pujiyono , Rochaeti Nur , Ompoy Genjie , Zaki Nurul Natasha Binti Muhammad
Published: December 2022

The judicial power in criminal law enforcement within the Criminal Justice System, including the execution of criminal sanctions sub-system, should be independent and self-supporting. In Indonesia, the execution of criminal sanctions sub-system is currently under the executive power that enables the practice of execution of sanctions being obstructed by many factors. In relation to that, this study explains the urgency of revision for legal structure of criminal sanctions execution and legal structure reformation for criminal enforcement in Indonesia. It employs a qualitative approach using the doctrinal research within the post-positivism paradigm. This study found that it is considered urgent or essential to reform the criminal legal structure of the national law based on philosophical, sociological, and juridical aspects abiding to Pancasila. The criminal law system covers the criminal law enforcement system which includes material criminal law sub-system, formal criminal law sub-system, and execution of criminal sanctions sub-system. Essentially, the execution of criminal sanctions sub-system acts as a sub-system of punishment. The structural reform of the systemic law in execution of criminal sanctions sub-system should be under the auspices of judicial authority, which is the Supreme Court. Therefore, this study concludes that the system should become linear, independent, synergized, and integrated with the investigative agents, prosecutors, and courts in a single criminal law system. In this way, there will be supervision and coordination in the context of the integrality of punishment, which falls under one protection of an integrated criminal law enforcement system.
MTA Fillapex ile kontamine olmuş dentin yüzeylerine uygulanılan çeşitli kanal patı çözücülerinin adeziv rezinlerin bağlanma dayanımına etkisi
Authors: KEDİCİ ALP Cemile , ALTINIŞIK Hanife , ÖZYURT Esra
Published: December 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, MTA Fillapex kök patı ile kontamine olmuş dentin yüzeylerine uygulanan farklı çözücülerin, adeziv rezinlerin pulpa odasındaki dentine mikrotensile bağlanma dayanımı (μTBS) üzerine etkisini değerlendirmektir.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma da pulpa odası açılmış ve pulpa artıkları temizlenmiş 50 adet insan üçüncü azı dişi kullanıldı. Tüm dentin yüzeylerine 5 dk MTA Fillapex uygulandı, örnekler 5 gruba ayrıldı, kanal patı farklı solüsyonlarla temizlendi (n = 10). (Solüsyonun uygulanmadığı kontrol grubu, Kloroform, Metil etil keton, Etil asetat, Endosolv R). Örnekler kullanılan adeziv sisteme göre iki alt gruba ayrıldı. Clearfil Tri-S Universal Bond (Kuraray), üreticinin talimatlarına göre self etch ve total etch olarak uygulandı. Daha sonra dişler kompozit rezin ile restore edildi ve mikrotensile bağlanma dayanımı testi için kullanılacak çubukları üretmek üzere kesitler alındı. Elde edilen veriler ANOVA ve Tukey testi ile analiz edildi.

Bulgular: Tüm total etch adeziv gruplarındaki ortalama μTBS değerleri, tüm self etch adeziv gruplarından istatistiksel olarak daha yüksekti (p
Sublingual Varis Prevalansı ve Olası Etiyolojik Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: İÇÖZ Derya , ÖZLÜ UÇAN Gülfem , APAYDIN Burak Kerem , KARAKURT Rıdvan
Published: December 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı; sublingual varis (SLV) görülme prevalansını değerlendirmek ve yaş, cinsiyet, hipertansiyon, kalp-damar hastalıkları, kronik öksürük, diyabet ve diğer sistemik hastalıklar, alt ekstremitelerde varis varlığı, hareketli protez kullanımı, sigara kullanımı gibi SLV oluşumu ile daha önce önerilen bazı potansiyel risk faktörleri arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu araştırmaya 362’si kadın (%58.3), 259’u erkek (%41.7) olmak üzere toplamda 621 birey dahil edilmiştir. Katılımcılar rutin klinik muayene için başvuran, sözlü ve yazılı bilgilendirme sonucu çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden ve çalışmaya dahil edilme kriterlerini sağlayan bireylerdir. Dilin lateral ve ventral yüzeylerden fotoğrafları alındıktan sonra bireylerin demografik ve medikal bilgilerine kör iki ayrı gözlemci tarafından SLV varlığı izlenemeyen ve az izlenenler 0, orta ve ileri derecede izlenenler ise 1 olarak skorlanmıştır. Gözlemciler arası uyumu değerlendirmek için Kappa testi, verilerin analizinde ise pearson ki- kare ve lojistik regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır.

Bulgular: Gözlemciler arasındaki uyum Kappa testiyle analiz edilmiş ve çok yüksek uyum tespit edilmiştir (κ=0.918). Çalışmaya dahil edilmiş 621 bireyin 155’inde (%24.9) orta ve ileri derecede SLV olduğu görülmüştür. Cinsiyetler arasında SLV görülme prevalansı açısından bir fark belirlenmezken (p=0.278), yaşla birlikte artış gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir (p=0.000). SLV hipertansiyon (p=0.048), kronik öksürük varlığı (p=0.009) ve alt ekstremitede varis varlığı (p
How much does the COVID-19 pandemic affect the clinical attitudes and anxiety levels of Turkish dentists in their dental practice?
Authors: PAKSOY Tuğçe , USTAOĞLU Gülbahar , GÖLLER BULUT Duygu
Published: December 2022

Background: To investigate whether there is a change in the attitudes and behaviors of Turkish dentists during their dental procedures against the COVID 19 pandemic.

Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey study was directed using a “Google Form” to obtain responses from dentists during February and March 2021. The survey was composed of 4 parts including: 1. demographic data (age, sex, marital status, systemic health), scope of practice (general dental practitioner versus specialist), place of practice (private versus public), and experience; 2. questions about COVID-19 management in practice and clinic biosafety routine, 3. questions about measures taken in dentistry clinics against COVID-19 and 4. questions about knowledge, attitudes and concerns of dentists towards the COVID 19 pandemic.

Results: A total of 556 dentists completed questionnaire. The rate of questioning the HES code, temperature measurement and wanting each patient to rinse their mouth with anti-bacterial mouthwash before treatment were higher for specialist dentists (p
Florozisli Dişlerin Mikroabrazyon Ve Rezin İnfiltrasyon Yöntemi İle Tedavisi: Olgu Sunumu
Authors: ÖZEN Ezgihan , ÜLKER Hayriye Esra
Published: December 2022

Bu olgu sunumunun amacı; minimal invaziv bir yaklaşımla hastanın dental florozis nedeniyle oluşan estetik sorunların rezin inlfitrasyon sistemi ile tedavisini anlatmaktır.

Kliniğimize başvuran 31 yaşındaki bayan hastamıza öncelikle mikroabrazyon tedavisi yapılıp mine seviyesindeki çukurcuklar giderildikten sonra üretici talimatlarına uygun bir şekilde rezin infiltrasyon tedavisi uygulanmıştır.

Rezin infiltrasyon tedavisinden hemen sonra ve 6 aylık takibinde de hastayı memnun edici bir sonuç elde edildi. Bu tedavinin etkinliğini gözlemlemek, rezin infiltrasyonunun olumlu etkilerinin altı aydan daha uzun süre devam edip etmediğini belirlemek ve diğer florozis formlarının bu şekilde tedavi edilip edilemeyeceğini araştırmak için klinik olarak kontrollü çalışmaların yapılması gerekmektedir.
DİJİTAL DENTAL FOTOĞRAFÇILIK – II
Authors: HERAVİ Faraz , ÇEKİÇ NAGAŞ Işıl
Published: December 2022

Günümüzde hastaların estetik beklentilerinin artması ve bunun sonucunda estetik uygulamaların arttığı gözlemlenmektedir. Estetik diş hekimliğinin vazgeçilmez araçlardan biri ise, dental fotoğrafçılıktır. Dijital kameraların gelişmesi ve bu sistemlerin kullanım kolaylığı sonucu gün geçtikçe dijital fotoğrafçılığın önemi de artmaktadır. DSLR makineler ve makro lensler, estetik diş hekimliği alanında kullanılması gereken ekipmanlardandır. Bu ekipmanların kullanım şekli ve ayarların yapılabilmesi için hekimin yeterli bilgi ve beceriye sahip olması gerekmektedir. Tedavi öncesi ve sonrası hekim tarafından çekilen ağız içi ve ağız dışı fotoğraflar yardımı ile tedavinin seyri hastaya gösterilebilmektedir ve tedavi sonucu oluşan değişiklikleri vurgulamak için kullanılabilen yöntemlerden biridir. Bu makalede dijital dental fotoğrafların önemi vurgulanmış ve ağız içi fotoğrafların standardizasyonu açısından genel fotoğrafçılık prensipleri, standart ağız içi ve ağız dışı fotoğrafların çekilmesi, kameralar, yardımcı ekipmanlar ve olası hatalar ele alınmıştır.
Süt dişlerinde resiprokasyon hareketiyle kullanılan bir pedodontik döner eğe tarafından apikalden taşan debrisin değerlendirilmesi
Authors: TOPÇUOĞLU Gamze , TOPÇUOĞLU Hüseyin
Published: December 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı; süt dişlerinde kök kanal şekillendirilmesinde sürekli rotasyon ve resiprokasyon hareketi ile kullanılan AF Baby Rotary Eğelerinin apikalden taşırdığı debris miktarını karşılaştırmaktı.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmada 45 adet üst süt azı dişi kullanıldı. Dişler, palatinal köklerinin şekillendirilmesi için rastgele 3 deney grubuna ayrıldı. G1: el eğeleri, G2: sürekli rotasyonda AF Baby Rotary eğeleri ve G3: resiprokasyon hareketi ile AF Baby Rotary eğesi kullanılarak şekillendirme. Şekillendirme esnasında apikalden taşan debrisi biriktirmek için önceden tartılmış Eppendorf tüplerinde kullanıldı. Apikalden taşan debris miktarı, debris içeren Ependorf tüplerin ağırlığından boş Ependorf tüplerin ağırlığı çıkarılarak hesaplandı. Ayrıca, kanal şekillendirmesi için gerekli zamanda kaydedildi. Veriler tek yönlü varyans analizi ve Tukey post-hoc testleri ile analiz edildi (P = 0.05).

Bulgular: Tüm gruplarda kanal şekillendirmesi esnasında apikalden debris taşması gözlendi. Apikalden taşan debris miktarı açısından G1, diğer iki gruptan daha fazla debris taşmasına sebep olmuştur (P < 0.05). Bununla birlikte G2 ve G3 arasında istatistiksel fark gözlemlenmedi (P > 0.05). Kanal şekillendirilmesi için gerekli zaman gruplara göre G1> G2>G3 şeklindeydi.

Sonuç: Çalışmada kullanılan tüm şekillendirme teknikleri apikalden debris taşmasına neden olmuştur. Kanal şekillendirmesi; tek eğe kullanımı ve resiprokasyon hareketiyle daha kısa sürede tamamlanmıştır.
In silico drug-likeness, biological activity and toxicity prediction of new 3,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one derivatives
Authors: Yergaliyeva Elmira , Bazhykova Kulzada , Abeuova Santanat , Vazhev Vladimir , Langer Peter
Published: December 2022

This paper presents the results of predicting drug-likeness, biological activity, and toxicity for 8 new derivatives of 3,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one using bioinformatic methods. The physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters of the studied compounds were determined, in silico screening for biological activity and prediction of their toxicity were carried out. Physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated using the Molinspiration Cheminformatics service. It was found that compounds 1–11 corresponded to Lipinski’s rule for drug-like compounds. As predicted in Molinspiration, compound 4 exhibits significant biological activity as a possible enzyme inhibitor and G-protein coupled receptor ligand. Compound 6 is active as an ion channel modulator. Virtual PASS screening identified compounds with potential antidiabetic activity (1–3, 5–8) and activity in the treatment of phobic disorders and dementias (1–5, 7, 8, 11). Compound 1 can potentially act as a substrate for CYP2H, and inhibitors of enzymes of the peptidase group are 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 11. As a result of QSAR prediction based on LD50 values calculated in ProTox-II, compound 10 belongs to class 6; compounds 1–3, 5 and 8 belong to the 5th class of toxicity; compounds 6 and 9 belong to the 4th class. Compound 4 belongs to class 3. Compounds 1–9 do not exhibit the toxicities shown in the ProTox-II models. Compounds 10 and 11 may be carcinogenic.
Técnicas microbiológicas y moleculares para la identificación de Salmonella sp en la industria avícola: una revisión sistemática de alcance
Authors: Mondragón G. Valentina , Moreno J. Natalia , Sánchez L. Ligia , Gómez Arlen P.
Published: December 2022

Se realizó una revisión sistemática de los métodos de diagnóstico descritos en la literatura para la identificación y caracterización de especies del género Salmonella. La revisión se realizó utilizando publicaciones de 2015 a 2021 registradas en las bases de datos de NCBI/PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SciELO, Google Scholar y Springer, aplicando la metodología PRISMA. Se analizaron 61 artículos, agrupando los datos según el país de origen, tipo de muestra, técnica utilizada, protocolo de microbiología empleado y genes utilizados en las pruebas moleculares. Los protocolos de microbiología se basan en pruebas de pre-enriquecimiento en agua peptonada y enriquecimiento en caldos de tetrationato (TT) y Rappaport-Vassiliadis (RV), especialmente con muestras de heces o muestras ambientales, para posteriormente realizar los aislamientos en medios selectivos y diferenciales. La identificación de algunas serovariedades de Salmonella sp que causan enfermedad en las aves se realiza principalmente con técnicas moleculares (PCR convencional y PCR multiplex), basándose en la detección de genes como invA, hilA, fliC, sefA, spvC, pefA, speC y glgC. Las herramientas moleculares son una alternativa a las técnicas tradicionales de microbiología y serotipificación con la metodología White-Kauffmann–Le Minor, por requerir de menos tiempo y poder identificar a los serovares; sin embargo, las herramientas microbiológicas como el enriquecimiento contribuyen en el paso previo al empleo de otras herramientas diagnósticas.
Caracterización molecular del síndrome respiratorio y reproductivo porcino (PRRS) del gen de la nucleocápside ORF 7 en granjas porcinas de Lima, Perú
Authors: Cotaquispe Nalvarte Rony , De la Cruz Vásquez Edgard , Quispe Cerón Edwin , Sitaras Nicholas , Toskano Hurtado Jennifer
Published: December 2022

Las especies Betaarterivirus suid 1 y Betaarterivirus suid 2 2 del virus del Síndrome Reproductivo y Respiratorio Porcino (PRRS) ocasionan brotes severos debido a recombinaciones genéticas con alto riesgo epidemiológico, lo cual requiere de una rápida identificación para una eficiente vigilancia epidemiológica molecular. Los objetivos del estudio fueron el análisis del gen que sintetiza las proteínas de la nucleocápside (ORF 7), así como determinar las relaciones filogenéticas con cebadores específicos. Se realizó la caracterización molecular y se identificaron 24 aislados positivos de la especie Betaarterivirus suid 2. Se genotipificaron 10 aislados relacionando 8 de ellos al linaje 1: sublinaje 1.5 con la variante representativa NADC34 y 2 al linaje 5: sublinaje 5.1 con la variante representativa RespPRRS_MLV. Además, se realizó el test de homología molecular con el programa DNAMAN a los 10 aislados, obteniéndose 99% (8) y 87% (2) de similitud con la variante NADC34 confirmando lo antes mencionado. La relación filogenética con los aislados reportados y los resultados obtenidos indican que al menos 10 pertenecieron a la especie Betaarterivirus suid 2 mediante el gen de la nucleocápside (ORF 7) con los cebadores propios de la investigación y se confirmó la relación parental de 8 aislados con el linaje 1: sublinaje 1.5 y 2 aislados con el linaje 5: sublinaje 5.1 de la especie Betaarterivirus suid 2.
Rendimiento productivo del engorde y beneficio de caballos y yeguas finalizados al pastoreo
Authors: Paredes Manuel , Alcalde Samuel , Cotrina Julio , Mantilla José
Published: December 2022

El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el desempeño productivo del engorde y beneficio de caballos y yeguas criollos de 10-11 años de edad, finalizados al pastoreo y sacrificados a las seis semanas de engorde. Se utilizaron 10 caballos y 10 yeguas. El comportamiento productivo no se afectó por el sexo del animal. Se obtuvo una ganancia de peso media diaria (0.628 y 0.678 kg), consumo de materia seca (6.91 y 6.95 kg), conversión alimenticia (11.4 y 11.3), rendimiento de carcasa (47.6 y 44.9%) y rendimiento en carne (37.4 y 37.9%), en machos y hembras, respectivamente.
Event-triggered dynamic output quantized control for 2-D switched systems
Authors: Shi Lei , Tang Rongqiang , Yang Xinsong , Ding Jiaxuan , Xu Zhilu , Li Yingchun
Published: December 2022

It is well known that designing mode-dependent event-triggered control (MDETC) brings challenging difficulties to theoretical analysis, especially for two-dimensional (2-D) switched systems. Therefore, for 2-D switched Fornasini–Marchesini local state-space (FMLSS) systems, this paper designs a MDETC to investigate global exponential stabilization almost surely (GES a.s.). A MDETC based on dynamic output quantization control scheme is designed, which not only has a wide range of practicability, but also greatly saves network bandwidth resources. By constructing mode-dependent Lyapunov functions that include two time directions, some novel sufficient conditions are provided such that the switched FMLSS system achieves GES a.s. Unlike most previous results, our results do not require each mode to be stable, not even after adding control. Finally, numerical experiments are provided to verify the validity of our main theoretical results.
Elbow stress in youth softball windmill pitchers: predictors of increased torque
Authors: L Moeller James , Swantek Alexander , Ziedas Alexander , Bazzi Ahmad , Gasparro Matthew , C Makhni Eric
Published: December 2022

Purpose: To assess torque at the elbow in the underhand throwing motion utilizing wearable sensor technology and discover the predictors of medial elbow toque in young female softball pitchers. Methods: Female softball players 12 to 18 years old whose primary position was pitcher and actively participating in sport were studied. Players experiencing throwing arm pain, lower extremity injury hindering pitching motion, or prior surgery were excluded. Age, handedness, height, weight, and throwing arm dimensions were measured and recorded. Pitchers threw 15 pitches, max effort from 43 feet and were given 30 to 60 second rest between pitches. A wearable sensor was placed inside an athletic compression sleeve which recorded data. Measurements included medial elbow torque (Newton-meters; NM), arm speed (peak rotational velocity of the forearm; in rotations per minute; RPM), arm slot (forearm angle in relation to the ground at release; in degrees), and shoulder rotation (maximum forearm angle during the 12 o’clock phase; in degrees). Peak ball velocity in miles per hour (MPH) was measured by a radar gun. Results: Twenty females mean age 15.2 years (range, 12.6-16.9 years) achieved an average elbow stress of 35.5 NM (14-78 NM). Average arm speed measured 583.8 RPM (3502.8 deg/sec) and ball speed ranged from 33-56 mph with an average of 44.1 mph. Multivariate analysis demonstrated arm stress significantly associated with increasing age (P-value 0.00003), arm length (P-value 0.000006); however, increased forearm length measured a decreased arm stress (P-value 0.00007). Conclusions: There was significant stress measured across the medial elbow in young softball pitchers. Elbow torque was associated with increasing age and total arm length; however, increased forearm length was associated with decreased elbow torque.
Protective measures against COVID-19 for nurses and midwives in Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Mohammad Abbas , Basri Rabeya , Reberio Mala
Published: December 2022

COVID-19 is a devastating disease with worldwide effects. To control and prevent COVID-19 and save lives, preventive and protective measures have been encouraged globally. Nurses and midwives have been among the most vulnerable groups to COVID-19 infection because their jobs involve heightened exposure to COVID-19-infected patients. This survey study aimed to investigate protective measures against COVID-19 for nurses and midwives. This was a descriptive quantitative survey study. The sample was 1706 nurses and midwives. A self-reported survey questionnaire was used to collect the data on protective measures against COVID-19 for nurses and midwives. Data were analysed through descriptive statistics. The study found that the majority of nurses and midwives did not receive COVID-19 training. Despite this, they were willing to care for COVID-19 patients and aware of methods for preventing COVID-19 infection. In addition, most participants had taken COVID-19 preventive precautions. Almost two-thirds of participants were vaccinated against COVID-19, and a vast majority had used appropriate PPE as a protective device against it.
COVID-19 infection for metabolic abnormal human beings
Authors: Lu Da Yong , Lu Yi
Published: December 2022

The outbreak of coronavirus (COVID-19, SARS-Co-2) infects different kinds of people in the world. The understanding pathogenesis for different kinds of COVID-19 infected people is still investigating. Many key pathways associated with treatment and recovery should be known as clearer as possible. Some lines of clinical evidence and therapeutic association should be noted. Genetic and molecular basis of obesity and diabetes associated with COVID-19 deserve further attention. This Editorial discusses this important topic.
Geodiversity: dimensions, connotations, and associations
Authors:   National Museum of Natural History, NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), Radzivill Oleksandr , Grytsenko Volodymyr ,   National Museum of Natural History, NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine)
Published: December 2022

The paper aims to outline the main characteristics of the term ‘geological diversity’ in its three most clear and interrelated aspects: legal, worldview, and natural historic. The legal aspect of geodiversity now seems to be the most clearly comprehended and the most efficient in regard to its primary tasks. The experience of regulation in the international law of various objects of geodiversity is considered in relation to the concept of world her-itage. Based on the convention of biological diversity, which is also part of world heritage, we attempt by anal-ogy to compare biodiversity and geodiversity as an object of legal regulation. The system of Kant’s philosophy is analysed as a worldview basis, which can be used to clarify the meaning of the term ‘geodiversity’ and which is based on the priority of the researcher’s self-reflection in theoretical or practical judgments: being ‘in-tersubjective’ it finds realization in principles of postmodernism and other worldview novelties. The natural his-toric aspects of geodiversity are considered as one of the variants of systematization of the factual materials amassed in the earth sciences, based on the needs of the related scientific, economic, and conservational activ-ities of humans in the geological space. Analysing the demands to science in general and to geology in particu-lar, we suggest that despite the importance of systematizing paradigms, the systematic unity of geology—at least at the current stage of its development—is based on the specifics of geological thinking able to fully comprehend the diversity of geological phenomena and on the basic principles of systematization of the fac-tual material neutral in regard to dominating paradigms. In this sense, geology—as a multi-level dynamic sys-tem of reflection of the results of geological studies—embodies the ‘oncoming movement’ of empirical gener-alizations of the factual material and the conceptual-mathematical models of the more adequate reflection of the diversity of geological phenomena, among which models of fractal geometry appear to be the most pro-spective.
Xylazine Complicating Opioid Ingestions in Young Children
Authors: Deutsch Stephanie Anne , De Jong Allan R.
Published: December 2022

The authors of this report present 3 cases of synthetic opioid intoxication complicated by the concomitant presence of the additive xylazine, a nonopioid sedative analgesic and muscle relaxant used in veterinary medicine that potentiates respiratory depression associated with the opioid toxidrome. Three exposed children presented with severe signs and symptoms, 2 of whom experienced cardiac arrest, a need for continuous naloxone infusion or multiple naloxone doses, or mechanical ventilation to treat respiratory failure after their exposures. Additives were detected in urine studies only through the performance of specialized toxicology testing. Detection of xylazine among adult overdose deaths has recently increased sharply, particularly across the northeastern United States. Adulteration by xylazine is an emerging public health threat nationally. Our report reveals that pediatricians should be aware of sentinel drug trends among adults, including the emerging types of illicit, synthetic, or counterfeit formulations of recreational substances, because children may be harmed because of accidental or intentional exposure. Children exposed to dangerous substances also need child protection services that may entail safe relocation outside of the home and the referral of affected caregivers to necessary substance use treatment services. Given epidemic drug use among adults, pediatricians should be competent to recognize common toxidromes and be aware that signs and symptoms may be potentiated by synergistic novel additives or polysubstance exposures. Importantly, standard urine drug screens may not detect synthetic opioid derivatives or contributing additives, so that diagnosis will require specialized toxicology testing.
CADASIL syndrome: Long-term follow-up on MRI
Authors: Borbély Klaudia , Balogh Hanna , Kardos Ilona Blanka , Fontanini Daniele Mariastefano , Oláh László , Berényi Ervin , Maurovich-Horvat Pál
Published: December 2022

Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a hereditary vascular disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. MRI plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients. Characteristic MRI lesions include symmetric and bilateral white matter periventricular hyperintensities, lacunar infarcts and cerebral microbleeds. In our case report, we demonstrate a male patient with genetically confirmed CADASIL syndrome and the progression of symptoms with corresponding imaging findings throughout the years.
Saivism in the Diaspora: Contemporary Forms of Skanda Worship
Authors: Geaves Ron
Published: December 2022

The book will explore contemporary manifestations of the worship of Siva that have transmigrated to the West. It explores Hindu vernacular traditions or ‘village Hinduism’ especially in the context of the Hindu diaspora, where the general assumption is that such forms of Hinduism cannot survive as they lack the infrastructure and the rural environment. Based on extensive fieldwork in Britain and India, the author shows that significant developments are taking place where Hindu communities have achieved sufficient concentration for various movements to appear that reproduce ‘folk traditions’ connected to a particular locale in the subcontinent. These movements often display a focus on the pragmatic or apotropaic motivation for worship of deities associated with healing. The focus is on the Baba Balaknath communities originating in the Punjab and Himachal Pradesh; the worship of Murugan amongst Tamil populations and the Community of the Many Names of God in Wales which originated in the worship of Subramaniyam in Shri Lanka. The book will not only throw some clarity on changing beliefs and practices in the Hindu diaspora, particularly the role of the apotropaic or pragmatic dimension, it will also help to understand important theoretical concepts such as Sanskritisation and the relationship between the ‘Little Tradition’ and the ‘Great Tradition’ or All-India and local traditions.
The electrochemical behavior’s character of a potential antiviral drug 3-nitro-4-hydroxy-7-methylthio-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazinide monohydrate
Authors: Mozharovskaia Polina N. , Ivoilova Alexandra V. , Drokin Roman A. , Ivanova Alla V. , Kozitsina Alisa N. , Rusinov Vladimir L.
Published: December 2022

The results of this study of the electrochemical transformation of 3-R-4-hydroxy-1,4-dihydro-7-X-1,2,4-triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4] obtained by voltammetry are presented. It was found that 3-R-4-hydroxy-1,4-dihydro-7-X-1,2,4-triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4] derivatives are capable of electrochemical reduction in the potential range of –0.28 to –0.33 V (relative to Ag/AgCl) in Britton–Robinson buffer at pH = 2. The electrochemical behavior of the sodium salt of 3-nitro-4-hydroxy-7-methylthio-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazinide monohydrate (compound 1), which in silico modeling predicted possible biological activity against various tick-borne encephalitis and Coxsackie B3 viruses. At the potentials of the first stage of electroreduction at pH = 2, the main transformation process is the three-electron reduction scheme of the nitro group of compound 1. It was established that compound 1 in an aprotic medium is reduced in ionic form, most likely in the form of an ion pair with the Na+ cation, and in an aqueous medium in the form of a protonated particle. Based on this, a scheme was proposed for the probable electrochemical transformation of the studied compound.
Revisitando os Sistemas Regionais de Inovação: teoria, prática, políticas e agenda para o Brasil
Authors: Garcia Renato de Castro , Serra Maurício de Aguiar , Mascarini Suelene , Bastos Letícia da Silva , Macedo Rafael
Published: December 2022

Resumo A abordagem dos Sistemas Regionais de Inovação (SRI) emergiu no início dos anos 1990 e, desde então, tem passado por vários refinamentos, conceituais e metodológicos. Um aspecto central desta abordagem é o reconhecimento de que o espaço econômico e a proximidade geográfica entre os agentes exercem efeitos significativos na geração e disseminação de novos conhecimentos, o que tem importantes implicações para as políticas de desenvolvimento regional baseado na inovação. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma sistematização da literatura sobre a abordagem dos SRIs e, ao mesmo tempo, contribuir para o debate sobre os sistemas de inovação no Brasil. Com base em minuciosa revisão da literatura, este artigo examina os trabalhos, conceituais e empíricos, mais relevantes sobre os SRIs e, dessa forma, apresenta um amplo espectro de obstáculos e fragilidades que podem dificultar a inovação regional. Por fim, o artigo conclui com uma agenda de pesquisa voltada para os países em desenvolvimento, mostrando os vínculos existentes entre a discussão sobre os SRIs e o contexto desses países.
Como Keynes e suas ideias chegaram ao Brasil
Authors: Sicsú João
Published: December 2022

Resumo O objetivo do artigo é mostrar que as ideais de Keynes chegaram ao Brasil para um público mais amplo. O veículo de chegada de Keynes e suas ideias foi o jornal e isso ocorreu a partir do ano de 1920. Keynes e suas posições foram amplamente divulgados nos jornais brasileiros a partir da discussão do seu livro As Consequências Econômicas da Paz, publicado em 1919. O nome de Keynes e suas ideias estiveram sempre presentes nos jornais brasileiros durante a vida profissional mais ativa (1917-1946) do economista britânico. É enganoso imaginar que as ideias de Keynes chegaram ao Brasil inicialmente para o público restrito de economistas. É também enganoso imaginar que as ideias de Keynes chegaram ao Brasil após a publicação da Teoria Geral do Emprego, do Juro e da Moeda, publicada em 1936, ou ainda durante as discussões que envolveram a reconstrução monetária mundial do pós-Segunda Guerra.
O efeito de políticas públicas e de características locais sobre o desenvolvimento econômico: uma análise empírica baseada nos municípios de Minas Gerais
Authors: Pinheiro Chrystian Barizon , Firme Vinícius de Azevedo Couto
Published: December 2022

Resumo Esta pesquisa usou dados cross-section, centrados em 2016, para analisar o efeito da distribuição dos gastos públicos e de certas preferências econômicas, demográficas e políticas no desenvolvimento dos municípios de Minas Gerais (i.e.: Índice Mineiro de Responsabilidade Social - IMRS) e suas subdimensões (i.e.: educação, saúde, vulnerabilidade social, segurança, saneamento/habitação/meio ambiente e cultura/esporte/lazer). Para tanto, as variáveis foram selecionadas via Extreme Bounds Analysis - EBA e estimaram-se modelos econométricos-espaciais. Os resultados indicam que o desenvolvimento é típico de cidades menores, afastadas da capital (mais seguras), com maior proporção de idosos (menos sujeitos à criminalidade), menor fecundidade (traço de locais seguros e menos vulneráveis), boa autonomia tributária (atributo das áreas menos vulneráveis, com mais saneamento e cultura/lazer), menores gastos em educação e administração pública e maiores em habitação. Ademais, os resultados minimizam a importância do Estado (i.e.: prefeituras) e do perfil produtivo local no desenvolvimento e revelam externalidades negativas associadas à capital estadual.
Dairy farming dynamics in the state of São Paulo
Authors: Ribeiro Guilherme Laluce , Lourenzani Wagner Luiz , Bánkuti Ferenc Istvan , Mac-Lean Priscilla Ayleen Bustos
Published: December 2022

Dairy farming is one of the most relevant sectors of Brazilian agribusiness and it has high socioeconomic importance to the nutrition and food safety of the population. In 2019, Brazil was ranked as the sixth largest milk producer in worldwide. However, the state of São Paulo has been particularly showing a gradual decrease in the country’s prominence regarding milk production, as it was downgraded from the second largest producer in 1990 to the sixth one in 2019. In this context, the general objective of this research is to analyze the dynamics of the dairy farming system in the state from Sao Paulo. For such a purpose, this work was developed through an exploratory research of a quantitative nature. Moreover, a literature review on the subject and documental research allowed analyzing the explanatory factors of productivity changes in dairy farming activities, and it was found that the state of São Paulo presented a significant reduction in its cattle herd and milked cows during the period of analysis (1990-2019), thus leading to lower milk production. Despite managing to increase its milk productivity rates, the state has not followed the nation’s growth trend for the sector. A combination of these factors explains such a reduction in São Paulo's prominence nationwide. Its productive structure does not seem to be an influencing factor in such dynamics, since the features of production in small farms and Family Farming are similar among its main producing states and the country as a whole.
Smart Cities: The Loss of the "Aura" and Post-Panoptics in the Age of Digital Control
Authors: Figueirôa-Ferreira Victor Garcia , Borchers Tatiane , Fernandes Ricardo Augusto Souza
Published: December 2022

Urban environments, permeated by a concomitance of internal and external factors, are increasingly subject to a standardization, logically averse to authenticity. This study proposes to conduct an analysis, in the context of smart cities, of the concept of "aura" worked by Walter Benjamin and the liquid surveillance in the form of Zygmunt Bauman's post-panoptic. We sought to identify in urban development strategies and plans, as well as in politics and relations within the city, the destruction of "aura" and the intensification of control and liquid surveillance. At the end, it indicates possible developments of the current paradigms and issues to be investigated by future research in the area.
Increasing Physical Activity and Fundamental Movement Skills of Primary School Students during the Covid-19 through Exergame
Authors: Samsudin Samsudin , Gani Ruslan Abdul , Setiawan Edi , Németh Zsolt , Kardiyanto Deddy Whinata , Winarno Mashuri Eko
Published: December 2022

Study purpose. The low physical activity and fundamental movement skills of students in the COVID-19 era are gaps in this study. This study aims to exam the effects of exergame on the physical activity and fundamental movement skills of students during the COVID-19 era.

Materials and methods. Quantitative research with experimental methods was used in this study. The subjects of this study came from students at primary schools 1 and 2 in Karawang (n = 120). Subjects from primary school 1 Karawang entered the experimental group (n = 60), namely getting treatment in the form of exergame, and subjects from primary school 2 Karawang were included in the control group  (n = 60) who did not receive any treatment and only carried out physical education learning activities. The intervention program was carried out for seven weeks. To measure the physical activity of the students, the ActiGraph GT9X Link accelerometer was used, and the fundamental movement skills of the children were assessed using the TGMD-3.

Results. The results showed that the implementation of exergame was proven to significantly improve physical activity (p < 0.05) and the same results show that exergame has a significant effect on fundamental movement skills (p < 0.05). However, there was no increase in physical activity and fundamental movement skills in the control group (p > 0.05).

Conclusions. This research is evidence that exergame is an effective tool to improve physical activity and fundamental movement skills students during the COVID-19 era.
A Six-Week Plyometric Training Program Improves Explosive Power and Agility in Professional Athletes of East Java
Authors: Permana Dwinda Abi , Kusnanik Nining Widyah , Nurhasan Nurhasan , Raharjo Slamet
Published: December 2022

The study purpose was to prove the effectiveness of a plyometric training program in increasing explosive power and agility in professional athletes of East Java.

Materials and methods. This study is a pre-experiment with a research design of One Group Pretest-Posttest. A total of 15 male athletes from athletics and swimming at the Pusat Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Olahraga Pelajar (PPLP) East Java, Indonesia, aged 15–17 years, body mass index (BMI) 18.5–24.0 kg/m², normal blood pressure, normal resting heart rate, voluntarily participated in the study. The plyometric training program (hurdle-box jumps) was carried out for 30 minutes/training session with an intensity of 80-90% HRmax with a frequency of 3x/week for six weeks. Measuring the explosive power of the horizontal leg muscles used the Standing Broad Jump Test, while measurement of the explosive power of the vertical leg muscles used the Digital Jump Meter Test. Measurement of agility used Shuttle Run Test, and explosive power and agility were measured during pre-training and six weeks post-training. Data analysis used the Paired Sample T-Test with a significance level of 5% using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21 software.

Results. The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference in the average increase in explosive power horizontally, vertically, and agility between pre-training vs. post-training (p ≤ 0.001).

Conclusions. In general, it can be concluded that the plyometric training program (hurdle-box jumps) carried out 3x/week for six weeks effectively increases the explosive power of the horizontal leg muscles, the explosive power of the vertical leg muscles, and increases agility.
Justification of the Selection Techniques in Martial Arts using Wald's Sequential Analysis
Authors: Podrigalo Leonid , Keo Shi , Podrihalo Olha , Оlkhovyi Oleh , Paievskyi Volodymyr , Kraynik Yaroslav
Published: December 2022

The study purpose was to develop a selection technique in martial arts based on indices of physical development using Wald's sequential analysis.

Materials and methods. 12 anthropometric indicators were determined. 9 indexes of physical development were calculated on their basis. 16 elite athletes (candidates for masters and masters of sports) were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 7 athletes (judo, sambo, Greco-Roman and freestyle wrestling) aged 18.43±0.43. Group 2 included 9 kickboxing athletes aged 18.22±0.52.

Results. A prognostic table containing indices of physical development has been developed. The informativeness of the indicators varied within 296.15–1.73. The content of the prognosis consists of evaluating the results, determining the corresponding coefficients and summing these coefficients until one of the prognostic thresholds is reached. In accordance with generally accepted approaches, the value of the thresholds was set at the level of ±13, which corresponds to a probability of 95% (p<0.05). Exceeding the positive threshold improves an athlete's prospects in wrestling. Achieving a negative threshold corresponds to a perspective in kickboxing.

Conclusions. The conducted research made it possible to justify and develop a method for selecting martial arts athletes using indices of physical development. The proposed technique is based on Wald's sequential analysis and is a simple, informative and objective tool for the selection and prognosis of athletes' condition.
Artificial Intelligence for Learning Analytics and Instructional Design Steps: An Overview of Solutions
Authors: Drugova Elena , Zhuravleva Irina , Zakharova Ulyana , Sotnikova Valeriya , Yakovleva Kristina
Published: December 2022

Artificial intelligence methods are getting frequently used in research and development in learning analytics, which is aimed at analyzing data collected during learning to enhance its results. The same aim is relevant for instructional design models, the most widely applied is ADDIE model, which cuts course design into steps. The first two research fields are criticized for a weak connection to teaching practice, while the third lacks evidence-based and measurable nature. This literature review aims to show the prospects of bringing the three fields together. The theoretical analysis of the paper covers AI definition, its techniques and methods, areas of application in educational setting, the definition of learning analytics, its borders with other fields, spheres of application, definition and the essence of instructional design, as well as the concept of ADDIE model which frames the practical analysis of the review. Forty-three articles were included in the final sample. The solutions described there correlate with the tasks of the instructional design steps and are systematized according to them. It was found that the least number of solutions described in the literature were assigned to the analysis, design and evaluation steps, more articles were assigned to the development step, and the largest number of papers considered the application step. It can be due to the difference in the availability of data at different ADDIE steps. The weak focus of teachers on methodological reflection at the assessment step also may play a role. These deficiencies open up the opportunities for future research and developments. To push these solutions forward it is crucial to elaborate on the models, to move from anecdotal experiments to a wide-scale practice, and to enhance required competencies among the faculty. The questions and conclusions presented in the article help to set a new pedagogically-oriented framework for discussions of AI and learning data analytics.
School Environment Perceptions of the Young Women with Anorexia: Biographical Reconstruction
Authors: Mikhaylova Oxana
Published: December 2022

Anorexia nervosa is the restrictive eating disorder and women are at the highest risk of its development in their teens. Although existing Western scientific literature provides some information on this condition among schoolers, there is the lack of qualitative descriptions that may shed light on the actual experiences and assumptions about the school environment which get girls with anorexia, who continue their education in school or finished it in non-Western countries. In this paper, to show how girls with anorexia perceive school environment I examine 50 in-depth biographical interviews with women who have been diagnosed with anorexia from Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan (aged between 14–25 years old). These interviews were combined with the collection of ego networks, using concentric circles methodology, and analysis of unsolicited online diaries belonging to these girls. The data was harvested in the Summer-Autumn of 2020. First, the data analysis revealed four meanings that anorexia has for women in connection with schooling: anorexia as a distraction from education, anti-stress remedy, hobby, and part of a general perfectionist orientation. Second, the data demonstrated the roles of teachers and classmates in the entire system of social connections that the girls with anorexia have, and their importance for the development of the girls’ views on food and body image. Findings suggest that although schools emphasize perfectionism, academic achievements, and disciplinary culture, the school’s role in the life of girls with anorexia is greatly determined by parental attitudes towards education.
Research Career after Thesis Defence: The Case of Four Fields of Study in Russia
Authors: Slepykh Victoria , Lovakov Andrey , Yudkevich Maria
Published: December 2022

A PhD degree is a necessary qualification for becoming a full-fledged member of the academic community and is often considered as a first step in one’s academic career. However, little is known about how the further careers of those who receive a PhD degree in Russia develop. In this article, we explore the diversity of academic careers of Russian researchers. The main focus of the study is on researchers' productivity and mobility. Also, attention is paid to the differences between researchers who graduated from academic organisations in different sectors. We analysed data on 2,102 researchers who defended PhD theses at Russian dissertation councils in biology, chemistry, mathematics, and physics in 2012. We found that more than half of PhD holders continue their careers in academia, and the vast majority of them publish their works in globally visible journals. The proportion of researchers with low productivity is smaller than the proportion of those highly productive. Both the academic and geographic mobility of Russian researchers is low. The sector of the academic organisation in which the PhD thesis was written matters: researchers from leading universities and the research sector are more productive and less mobile than researchers from universities without special status. Thus, it can be concluded that the PhD degree is primarily a stepping stone to an academic profession, and those who have chosen this path are quite competitive at the global level.
Grade Inflation in Schools During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Unexpected Effect or Anti-Crisis Strategy?
Authors: Alishev Timirkhan , Gafarov Fail , Ustin Pavel , Khalfieva Alisa
Published: December 2022

The closure of educational institutions and the transfer of the learning process to a distance format during the COVID-19 pandemic came as a shock to everyone involved in the educational process. There was, in fact, a rupture of the educational everyday — the normal and unproblematic order of things. A “new normal”, as it came to be called, could not emerge immediately — it had to be reconstructed within the unaccustomed contexts of distance interaction for many. Collective practices of this construction were and are captured today in the narratives of their participants — teachers, students and sometimes their parents. This study attempts, through quantitative analysis, to describe the transformation of assessment in schools during the pandemic and to formulate a hypothesis as to the possible reason for the change in marking practices as one of the most significant ways of managing the learning process as well as the social and psychological context of its implementation.
The data source used was a database of students’ grades from schools in one of the regions of the Russian Federation, accumulated from 2015 to 2021. Using big data methods and the Cohen effect coefficient, the main changes in assessment are described. Particular attention is paid to the few months of 2020, when all schools in the region were closed to face-to-face attendance. It is during this period that a significant inflationary spike in marking is recorded.
It is suggested that teachers deliberately use the strategy of inflating marks in order to maintain a favorable social and psychological climate in school classes and to reduce the general tension in connection with the transition to the distance learning format. An attempt has been made to theorize a strategy for the grade inflation behavior during a period of cataclysm.