bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Healthy eating and all-cause mortality among Chinese aged 80 years or older
Authors: Yan Lijing L. , Li Chaoyun , Zou Siyu , Li Yaxi , Gong Enying , He Zhengting , Shao Shuai , Jin Xurui , Hua Yechu , Gallis John A. , Turner Elizabeth L.
Published: May 2022

Background

There is little evidence of the influence of dietary patterns on mortality risk among adults 80 years or older (“oldest-old”). We evaluated the association between the Simplified Healthy Eating index (SHE-index) and mortality among Chinese oldest-old.

Methods

Population-based cohort study from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS 1998–2014, n = 35 927), conducted in 22 Chinese provinces, were pooled for analysis. The first seven waves of the CLHLS (1998, 2000, 2002, 2005, 2008–09, 2011–12, and 2013–2014) were utilized, with follow-up to the last wave (2018) (range 0–21 years). The SHE-index was collected in each wave, and was constructed from intake frequency of nine dietary variables, with a higher score indicating better diet quality. Cox proportional hazards model with dietary patterns as a time-varying exposure was employed to analyze the relationship between SHE-index and mortality.

Results

At baseline, the median age of all participants was 92 years (25th percentile, 85 years; 75th percentile, 100 years). In multivariable models, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for SHE-index quartile 2, quartile 3 and quartile 4 versus quartile1 were 0.91 (0.88, 0.93), 0.89 (0.86, 0.92) and 0.82 (0.78, 0.85), respectively. Results were generally consistent for men and women and in a large number of sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions

Healthier eating patterns were associated with a significant reduction in the risk of all-cause mortality among Chinese oldest-old, lending support to the importance of life-long adherence to healthy diet into advanced old age.
DLEU1 promotes cell survival by preventing DYNLL1 degradation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Qihang , Zhang Zhiyu , Jiang HongChao , Hou Jun , Chai Yuhang , Nan Hongxing , Li Feng , Wang Lianghai
Published: May 2022

Background

Emerging evidence has highlighted the critical roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in tumor development and progression. However, the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of DLEU1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain unclear.

Methods

LncRNA expression in ESCC tissues was explored using lncRNA microarray datasets. The functional roles of DLEU1 in ESCC were demonstrated by a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. RNA pull-down and immunoprecipitation assays were performed to demonstrate the potential mechanisms of DLEU1.

Results

In a screen for differentially expressed lncRNAs in ESCC, we determined that DLEU1 was one of the most overexpressed lncRNAs in ESCC tissues and that upregulated DLEU1 expression was associated with a worse prognosis. Functional assays showed that DLEU1 promoted tumor growth by inhibiting cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, DLEU1 could bind and stabilize DYNLL1 by interfering with RNF114-mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. The DLEU1/DYNLL1 axis subsequently upregulated antiapoptotic BCL2 and promoted cell survival. Furthermore, DLEU1 upregulation was at least partly facilitated by promoter hypomethylation. Notably, targeting DLEU1 sensitized ESCC cells to cisplatin-induced death.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that DLEU1-mediated stabilization of DYNLL1 is critical for cell survival and that the DLEU1/DYNLL1 axis may be a promising therapeutic target for ESCC.
Anti-L1 antibody-bound HPV16 pseudovirus is degraded intracellularly via TRIM21/proteasomal pathway
Authors: Li Meiying , Huang Jianmei , Zhu Yi , Huang Ziyi , Zhang Guonan , Huang Jianming
Published: May 2022

Background

Persistent HPV16 infection is the leading risk factor for developing cervical cancer. Anti-L1 antibodies against HPV16 produced in HPV16 infections play diverse roles in the clearance of virus infection and prevention of persistence. It has been implicated that the cervicovaginal squamous epithelial cells actually express TRIM21 and that some HPV16 particles could escape leaky endosomal compartment into the cytosol and that Fc receptor TRIM21 directly neutralize infection by targeting antibody-opsonized viruses for proteasomal degradation. We explored whether anti-L1 antibody opsonized HPV16 pseudovirus (PsV) entered into the cytosol could be neutralized by TRIM21-mediated activation of a proteasomal pathway to reduce the chance of persistent HPV16 infection.

Methods

HPV16 PsV were generated and extracted in HEK 293FT cells co-transfected with pcDNA3.1-eGFP and p16sheLL plasmids according to the standard protocol. The HPV16 PsV with capsid protein L1 was characterized by fluorescence microscopy and western blot, and the HPV16 PsV titer and anti-L1-bound PsV entry efficiency were detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of transcription factors (TF) and cytokines elicited by the TRIM21-activated proteasomal pathway were confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RT-qPCR. The changes in HPV16 PsV load with or without inhibitors in the infected HEK 293FT cells were determinated by qPCR.

Results

Simultaneous transfection with pcDNA3.1-eGFP and p16sheLL plasmids into the HEK 293FT cells resulted in the self-assembly of HPV16 PsV with capsid protein L1. Both HPV16 PsV and anti-L1-bound HPV16 PsV could infect HEK 293FT cells. Anti-L1-bound PsV up-regulated TRIM21 mediated-activation of proteasome and increased expressions of TF and cytokines in the infected cells where HPV16 PsV load reduced by ~ 1000-fold in the presence of anti-L1 antibody, but inhibition of proteasomal activity increased HPV16 PsV load.

Conclusion

Our preliminary results indicate that anti-L1 antibody entered with HPV16 PsV into the cells could mediate degradation of HPV16 PsV by TRIM21-activated proteasomal pathway intracellularly, giving anti-capsid protein L1 antibody a role in host defense of persistent HPV16 infection.
MoBiFC: development of a modular bimolecular fluorescence complementation toolkit for the analysis of chloroplast protein–protein interactions
Authors: Velay Florent , Soula Mélanie , Mehrez Marwa , Belbachir Clément , D’Alessandro Stefano , Laloi Christophe , Crete Patrice , Field Ben
Published: May 2022

Background

The bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay has emerged as one of the most popular methods for analysing protein–protein interactions (PPIs) in plant biology. This includes its increasing use as a tool for dissecting the molecular mechanisms of chloroplast function. However, the construction of chloroplast fusion proteins for BiFC can be difficult, and the availability and selection of appropriate controls is not trivial. Furthermore, the challenges of performing BiFC in restricted cellular compartments has not been specifically addressed.

Results

Here we describe the development of a flexible modular cloning-based toolkit for BiFC (MoBiFC) and proximity labelling in the chloroplast and other cellular compartments using synthetic biology principles. We used pairs of chloroplast proteins previously shown to interact (HSP21/HSP21 and HSP21/PTAC5) and a negative control (HSP21/ΔPTAC5) to develop standardised Goldengate-compatible modules for the assembly of protein fusions with fluorescent protein (FP) fragments for BiFC expressed from a single multigenic T-DNA. Using synthetic biology principles and transient expression inNicotiana benthamiana, we iteratively improved the approach by testing different FP fragments, promoters, reference FPs for ratiometric quantification, and cell types. A generic negative control (mCHERRY) was also tested, and modules for the identification of proximal proteins by Turbo-ID labelling were developed and validated.

Conclusions

MoBiFC facilitates the cloning process for organelle-targeted proteins, allows robust ratiometric quantification, and makes available model positive and negative controls. Development of MoBiFC underlines how Goldengate cloning approaches accelerate the development and enrichment of new toolsets, and highlights several potential pitfalls in designing BiFC experiments including the choice of FP split, negative controls, cell type, and reference FP. We discuss how MoBiFC could be further improved and extended to other compartments of the plant cell and to high throughput cloning approaches.
Stand carbon storage and net primary production in China’s subtropical secondary forests are predicted to increase by 2060
Authors: Jin Jia , Xiang Wenhua , Zeng Yelin , Ouyang Shuai , Zhou Xiaolu , Hu Yanting , Zhao Zhonghui , Chen Liang , Lei Pifeng , Deng Xiangwen , Wang Hui , Liu Shirong , Peng Changhui
Published: May 2022

Background

Forest ecosystems play an important role in carbon sequestration, climate change mitigation, and achieving China's target to become carbon (C) neutral by 2060. However, changes in C storage and net primary production (NPP) in natural secondary forests stemming from tree growth and future climate change have not yet been investigated in subtropical areas in China. Here, we used data from 290 inventory plots in four secondary forests [evergreen broad-leaved forest (EBF), deciduous and evergreen broad-leaved mixed forest (DEF), deciduous broad-leaved forest (DBF), and coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest (CDF)] at different restoration stages and run a hybrid model (TRIPLEX 1.6) to predict changes in stand carbon storage and NPP under two future climate change scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5).

Results

The runs of the hybrid model calibrated and validated by using the data from the inventory plots suggest significant increase in the carbon storage by 2060 under the current climate conditions, and even higher increase under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate change scenarios. In contrast to the carbon storage, the simulated EBF and DEF NPP declines slightly over the period from 2014 to 2060.

Conclusions

The obtained results lead to conclusion that proper management of China’s subtropical secondary forests could be considered as one of the steps towards achieving China’s target to become carbon neutral by 2060.
Advances in the application of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound to mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Xia Peng , Shi Yi , Wang Xiaoju , Li Xueping
Published: May 2022

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are stem cells that exhibit self-renewal capacity and multi-directional differentiation potential. They can be extracted from the bone marrow and umbilical cord, as well as adipose, amnion, and other tissues. They are widely used in tissue engineering and are currently considered an important source of cells in the field of regenerative medicine. Since certain limitations, such as an insufficient cell source, mature differentiation, and low transplantation efficiency, are still associated with MSCs, researchers have currently focused on improving the efficacy of MSCs. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has mechanical, cavitation, and thermal effects that can produce different biological effects on organs, tissues, and cells. It can be used for fracture treatment, cartilage repair, and stem cell applications. An in-depth study of the role and mechanism of action of LIPUS in MSC treatment would promote our understanding of LIPUS and promote research in this field. In this article, we have reviewed the progress in research on the use of LIPUS with various MSCs and comprehensively discussed the progress in the use of LIPUS for promoting the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of MSCs, as well as its future prospects.
Enhancing therapeutic efficacy of human adipose-derived stem cells by modulating photoreceptor expression for advanced wound healing
Authors: Lee Sang Ho , Kim Yu-Jin , Kim Yeong Hwan , Kim Han Young , Bhang Suk Ho
Published: May 2022

Background

Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) have been widely used for regenerative medicine because of their therapeutic efficacy and differentiation capacity. However, there are still limitations to use them intactly due to some difficulties such as poor cell engraftment and viability after cell transplantation. Therefore, techniques such as photobiomodulation (PBM) are required to overcome these limitations. This study probed improved preclinical efficacy of irradiated hADSCs and its underlying molecular mechanism.

Methods

hADSCs were irradiated with green organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Treated cells were analyzed for mechanism identification and tissue regeneration ability verification. Expression levels of genes and proteins associated with photoreceptor, cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, and wound healing were evaluated by performing multiple assays and immunostaining. Excision wound models were employed to test in vivo therapeutic effects.

Results

In vitro assessments showed that Opsin3 (OPN3) and OPN4 are both expressed in hADSCs. However, only OPN4 was stimulated by green OLED irradiation. Cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, and growth factor expression in treated hADSCs were enhanced compared to control group. Conditioned medium containing paracrine factors secreted from irradiated hADSCs increased proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts and normal human epidermal keratinocytes. Irradiated hADSCs exerted better wound healing efficacy in vivo than hADSCs without OLED irradiation.

Conclusions

Our study introduces an intracellular mechanism of PBM in hADSCs. Our results revealed that photoreceptor OPN4 known to activate Gq-protein and consequently lead to reactive oxygen species production responded to OLED irradiation with a wavelength peak of 532 nm. In conclusion, green OLED irradiation can promote wound healing capability of hADSCs, suggesting that green OLED has potential preclinical applications.
The stem cell quiescence and niche signaling is disturbed in the hair follicle of the hairpoor mouse, an MUHH model mouse
Authors: Choi Keonwoo , Park Sang-Hee , Park Seo-Yeon , Yoon Sungjoo Kim
Published: May 2022

Background

Hair follicle stem cells (HFSC) play an essential role in the maintenance of hair homeostasis; during the hair cycle, HFSC remain quiescent for most of its duration. The hairpoor mouse (+ /HrHp), an animal model of Marie-Unna hypotrichosis (MUHH), overexpresses hairless in the bulge, inner root sheath, and outer root sheath of HF and shows the same phenotype as in MUHH patients manifesting sparse hair with progression to alopecia with age. The aim of this study was to gain an understanding of the hair cycle and the status of HFSC during the hair cycle of the hairpoor mouse in order to delineate the pathogenesis of MUHH.

Methods

H&E staining was performed in order to define the state of the hair follicle. FACS analysis and immunostaining were performed at the 1st and 2nd telogen stages for observation of the HFSC. A label retaining assay was performed to determine the quiescent state of hair follicles. qRT-PCR was performed to determine expression of factors involved in niche signaling and Wnt signaling.

Results

We observed a drastic decrease in the number of hair follicles after the 1st telogen, followed by an intensified disturbance in the hair cycle with shorter anagen as well as 2nd telogen in the hairpoor mouse. A dramatic reduction in the number of CD34 expressing bulges as well as cells was observed at the telogen of the HFs, with prominent high proliferation of bulge cells, suggesting the loss of HFSC quiescence in the hairpoor mouse. The increased cell proliferation in HF was reiterated following the synchronization of the hair cycle, leading to acceleration of HF cycling. Reduced expression of Fgf18 and Bmp6, the factors involved in HFSC quiescence, was observed in the HFSC niche of the hairpoor mouse. In addition, disturbed expression of Wnt signaling molecules including Wnt7b, Wnt10b, and Sfrp1 was observed, which induced the telogen-to-anagen transition of HFs in the hairpoor mouse.

Conclusions

These results indicate that the quiescent state of HFSC is not properly maintained in the hairpoor mouse, consequently leading HFs to the completely disarrayed hair cycle. These findings may provide an understanding of an underlying mechanism for development of alopecia with age in MUHH patients.
Albatross analytics a hands-on into practice: statistical and data science application
Authors: Caraka Rezzy Eko , Lee Youngjo , Han Jeongseop , Lee Hangbin , Noh Maengseok , Do Ha Il , Gio Prana Ugiana , Pardamean Bens
Published: May 2022

Albatross Analytics is a statistical and data science data processing platform that researchers can use in disciplines of various fields. Albatross Analytics makes it easy to implement fundamental analysis for various regressions with random model effects, including Hierarchical Generalized Linear Models (HGLMs), Double Hierarchical Generalized Linear Models (DHGLMs), Multivariate Double Hierarchical Generalized Linear Models (MDHGLMs), Survival Analysis, Frailty Models, Support Vector Machines (SVMs), and Hierarchical Likelihood Structural Equation Models (HSEMs). We provide 94 types of dataset examples.
Switching control of latex balloon expansion by using switching valve mediated with the Coanda effect
Authors: Keita Kaneko , Kenjiro Takemura
Published: May 2022

Soft robots have advantages in terms of safety, softness, and compliance compared to traditional robotic systems. However, fluid-driven soft actuators, often employed in soft robots, require a corresponding number of bulky pressure supplies/valves to drive. Here, we consider a valve that can control the flow without mechanical moving parts for simplifying the driving system of soft actuators. We developed a system comprising a pump, a switching valve, and two latex balloons to demonstrate the feasibility of introducing a fluid valve into soft robotics. As the valve, which makes use of the Coanda effect, can switch the flow between two outlets when the pressure difference between the outlets is 3 kPa, we employed a latex balloon connected to each outlet. The system can control the expansion of each balloon by switching the flow from the pump. The experimental results proved that the system could actuate each balloon.
Novel exterior cover design for radiant heat resistance of firefighting robots in large-scale petrochemical complex fires
Authors: Fujita Jun , Tamura Yoshihiro , Amano Hisanori , Ohno Kazunori , Tadokoro Satoshi
Published: May 2022

Fires in petrochemical complexes are inaccessible because of the intense radiant heat from flames. Therefore, water cannon robots require radiant heat countermeasures to perform firefighting safely. Conventional radiant heat countermeasures employ a self-spraying method, wherein the water cannon robot requires a water tank of capacity 1.5 m3 (= 1500 L) to function for 7–8 min in an environment with a 20 kW/m2 radiation heat. However, the water cannon robot has size limitations because it is transported on one transport vehicle (10 t truck) to the site, and only a tank of capacity ~ 0.02 m3 can be installed on the robot. To overcome these drawbacks, this study proposes a method that utilizes a mountable radiant heat-resistant exterior cover that works with a small amount of water. The cover is made of radiant heat-shielding fireproof clothing with an aluminum coating that reflects 90% of the radiant heat on the surface and a mist nozzle that sprays water on the back surface. The remaining 10% is removed by the heat of vaporization of water sprayed on the back of the clothing and natural convection. The amount of water required for cooling was reduced to 1/80th of that compared to self-spraying because of the use of the developed cover. The proposed method of radiation reflection via vaporization and natural convection can be employed to protect firefighting robots.
Right pneumothorax with congenital pericardial defect showed right atrium mimicking bulla in surgery
Authors: Sugiura Yasoo , Hashizume Toshinori
Published: May 2022

Background

Congenital pericardial defect (CPD) is found incidentally in cases of pneumothorax. CPD is seen in left side rather than right side and it is not generally known among thoracic surgeons how the inside of the pericardial space can be seen from the thoracic cavity in cases of pericardial defect.

Case presentation

A 52-year-old man with dyspnea was referred to our hospital because of the diagnosis of right pneumothorax. Chest radiography showed a right lung collapse and a pneumopericardium on the left side. Despite insertion of a chest tube, air leakage prolonged, bullectomy at the apex of the right lung was performed under thoracoscopy. During surgery, thoracoscope showed that the right atrium seemed as if it had been a non-pedunculated bulla or cardiac cyst. Heart beating, continuity with the heart, and the absence of respiratory motion could distinguish the right atrium from a bulla, and pericardial defect was confirmed. Preoperatively, the patient had no cardiac symptoms related to the CPD, and therefore, it was determined that a procedure to close the CPD was not necessary. Any complication and recurrence did not occur 6 months after surgery.

Conclusions

Right pneumothorax with CPD showed right atrium mimicking bulla in surgery. It is important to consider correction of CPD if there are cardiac symptoms at the onset of pneumothorax, and not to misinterpret the right atrium as a bulla.
Investigating and defining outcomes of suprapatellar versus infrapatellar intramedullary nailing of tibial shaft fractures: a protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Thwaites Simon , Thewlis Dominic , Hall Kelly , Rickman Mark
Published: May 2022

Background

Anterior knee pain is often reported following intramedullary nailing of tibial shaft fractures. The aetiology remains unclear, but the surgical approach may play an important role. To date, no biomechanically validated method exists to assess patient outcomes specific to anterior knee pain in this cohort. The central aims of this study are to (1) evaluate the feasibility of a full-scale randomised controlled trial (RCT) investigating the influence of surgical approach on intramedullary nailing of tibial shaft fractures (suprapatellar versus infrapatellar nailing), (2) explore differences in clinical outcomes between the approaches, and (3) explore the development of a biomechanically validated methodology for assessing post-operative anterior knee pain and knee function specific to intramedullary nailing of tibial shaft fractures.

Methods

This pilot study will follow a prospective randomised controlled design at the Royal Adelaide Hospital and The Queen Elizabeth Hospital (South Australia). This study aims to recruit 60 patients between 18 and 60 years old who will be randomly assigned to either the suprapatellar or infrapatellar approach following a decision for intramedullary surgical fixation by the treating surgeon. All nails in this study will be Stryker T2 Alpha nails. Patients will undergo standard radiograph, magnetic resonance imaging, and clinical assessments in-line with their standard operative care, and complete a number of patient-reported and performance-based outcome measures. Performance-based outcome measures will be assessed utilising three-dimensional motion capture techniques. Follow-up time points are 3, 6, 12, and 18 months. Feasibility outcomes include ability to meet enrolment and retention metrics, compliance with all questionnaires and assessment procedures, and the occurrence of any adverse events. The primary clinical outcome is the incidence of anterior knee pain at 12 months after surgery.

Discussion

This study will establish the feasibility and inform the design of a large-scale RCT. Evaluation of all clinical data and patient outcomes will lead to the development of a new tool for assessing patient outcomes in this cohort. Limitations of the study include an unpredictable enrolment rate and loss to follow-up, small sample size, and the unknown ability of three-dimensional motion analysis to pick up the effects of anterior knee pain after tibial nailing.

Trial registration

This trial was prospectively registered on the 7 February 2020 on ANZCTR, ACTRN12620000109909.
The hydrogen storage nanomaterial MgH
2
improves irradiation-induced male fertility impairment by suppressing oxidative stress
Authors: Ma Jing , Dong Suhe , Lu Hongtao , Chen Zhongmin , Yu Huijie , Sun Xuejun , Peng Renjun , Li Wei , Wang Sinian , Jiang Qisheng , Li Fengsheng , Ma Li
Published: May 2022

Objective

This study aimed to reveal the protective effect of hydrogen storage nanomaterial MgH
2
on radiation-induced male fertility impairment.

Methods

The characterization of MgH
2
were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size analyzer. The safety of MgH
2
were evaluated in vivo and in vitro. The radioprotective effect of MgH
2
on the reproductive system were analyzed in mice, including sperm quality, genetic effect, spermatogenesis, and hormone secretion. ESR, flow cytometry and western blotting assay were used to reveal the underlying mechanisms.

Results

MgH
2
had an irregular spherical morphology and a particle size of approximately 463.2 nm, and the content of Mg reached 71.46%. MgH
2
was safe and nontoxic in mice and cells. After irradiation, MgH
2
treatment significantly protected testicular structure, increased sperm density, improved sperm motility, reduced deformity rates, and reduced the genetic toxicity. Particularly, the sperm motility were consistent with those in MH mice and human semen samples. Furthermore, MgH
2
treatment could maintain hormone secretion and testicular spermatogenesis, especially the generation of Sertoli cells, spermatogonia and round sperm cells. In vitro, MgH
2
eliminated the [·OH], suppressed the irradiation-induced increase in ROS production, and effectively alleviated the increase in MDA contents. Moreover, MgH
2
significantly ameliorated apoptosis in testes and cells and reversed the G2/M phase cell cycle arrest induced by irradiation. In addition, MgH
2
inhibited the activation of radiation-induced inflammation and pyroptosis.

Conclusion

MgH
2
improved irradiation-induced male fertility impairment by eliminating hydroxyl free radicals.

Graphical abstract

Mice fertility and function were evaluated with or without MgH
2
treatment after 5 Gy irradiation. MgH
2
had the ability of hydroxyl radicals scavenging and MDA suppressing in testicular tissue induced by irradiation. Further, MgH
2
could participate in spermatogenesis and protect sperm development in three stages: the generation of Sertoli cells (
Sox-9+
), spermatogonia (
Stra8+
) and round sperm cells (
Crem+
). Moreover, MgH
2
alleviated the decrease of testosterone secreted by interstitial cells after irradiation. In addition, MgH
2
suppressed apoptosis, pyroptosis and inflammatory response and alleviated cell cycle arrest by mediating IR-induced ROS.
Design of live-attenuated animal vaccines based on pseudorabies virus platform
Authors: Liu Zhen , Kong Zhengjie , Chen Meng , Shang Yingli
Published: May 2022

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a double-stranded DNA virus with a genome approximating 150 kb in size. PRV contains many non-essential genes that can be replaced with genes encoding heterogenous antigens without affecting viral propagation. With the ability to induce cellular, humoral and mucosal immune responses in the host, PRV is considered to be an ideal and potential live vector for generation of animal vaccines. In this review, we summarize the advances in attenuated recombinant PRVs and design of PRV-based live vaccines as well as the challenge of vaccine application.
Pacsin2 is required for endocytosis in the zebrafish pronephric tubule
Authors: Morgan Joseph , Yarwood Rebecca , Starborg Tobias , Yan Guanhua , Lowe Martin
Published: May 2022

Endocytosis mediates the cellular uptake of numerous molecules from the extracellular space and is a fundamentally important process. In the renal proximal tubule, the scavenger receptor megalin and its co-receptor cubilin mediate endocytosis of low molecular weight proteins from the renal filtrate. However, the extent to which megalin endocytosis relies on different components of the trafficking machinery remains relatively poorly defined in vivo. In this study, we identify a functional requirement for the F-BAR protein pacsin2 in endocytosis in the renal proximal tubule of zebrafish larvae. Pacsin2 is expressed throughout development and in all zebrafish tissues, similar to the mammalian orthologue. Within renal tubular epithelial cells, pacsin2 is enriched at the apical pole where it is localised to endocytic structures. Loss of pacsin2 results in reduced endocytosis within the proximal tubule, which is accompanied by a reduction in the abundance of megalin and endocytic organelles. Our results indicate that pacsin2 is required for efficient endocytosis in the proximal tubule, where it likely cooperates with other trafficking machinery to maintain endocytic uptake and recycling of megalin.
Loss of perinuclear theca ACTRT1 causes acrosome detachment and severe male subfertility in mice
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Zhen , Wei Lin-Lin , Zhang Xiao-Hui , Jin Hui-Juan , Chen Su-Ren
Published: May 2022

The perinuclear theca (PT) is a cytoskeletal element encapsulating the sperm nucleus; however, the physiological roles of the PT in sperm are largely uncertain. Here, we reveal that ACTRT1, ACTRT2, ACTL7A and ACTL9 proteins interact to form a multimeric complex and localize to the subacrosomal region of spermatids. Furthermore, we engineered Actrt1-knockout (KO) mice to define the functions of ACTRT1. Despite normal sperm count and motility, Actrt1-KO males were severely subfertile owing to a deficiency in fertilization. Loss of ACTRT1 caused a high incidence of malformed heads and detachment of acrosomes from sperm nuclei, caused by loosened acroplaxome structure during spermiogenesis. Furthermore, Actrt1-KO sperm showed reduced ACTL7A and PLCζ protein content as a potential cause of fertilization defects. Moreover, we reveal that ACTRT1 anchors developing acrosomes to the nucleus, likely by interacting with the inner acrosomal membrane protein SPACA1 and the nuclear envelope proteins PARP11 and SPATA46. Loss of ACTRT1 weakened the interaction between ACTL7A and SPACA1. Our study and recent findings of ACTL7A/ACTL9-deficient sperm together reveal that the sperm PT-specific ARP complex mediates the acrosome-nucleus connection.
Ice-like Structure of Water Confined in Hydrophobic Sub-nanometer Spaces at Room Temperature
Authors: Sugiyama Yasuhiro , Futamura Ryusuke , Iiyama Taku
Published: May 2022

Properties of water confined in nanoporous carbon are significantly different from those of bulk water. In this study, we investigate the micro- and mesoscopic structure of the confined water using in-situ X-ray scattering measurements. In hydrophobic sub-nanometer spaces, the water density is almost constant from 20 to 298 K, and hydrogen bonding networks are highly developed at room temperature, suggesting that the ice-like structure is maintained in sub-nanometer carbon slit pores even at room temperature.
The interventional radiology gender gap: perspectives from the international IR training survey
Authors: Theodoulou Iakovos , Dost Samiullah , Burrows Victoria , Lyall Fiona , Wah Tze Min , Makris Gregory C
Published: May 2022

Objective:

This study sought to examine international interventional radiology (IR) training standards and perceptions. This survey aims to identify gender-based barriers and inequities effecting uptake, retention and experience of trainees in IR.

Methods:

An anonymous survey was created using Survey Monkey and distributed as a single-use weblink via eight IR national and international societies around the world. Data analysis was conducted to highlight gender-specific trends and identify any differences.

Results:

Motivation factors given for following a career in IR revealed gender differences in factors such as mentoring (8.7 F vs 21.6% M) and influence from senior colleagues (15.2 F vs 25.0% M). The overwhelming majority across both genders (82.6 F vs 81.3% M) agreed or strongly agreed that early exposure to IR training at Year 1 had a positive impact on career choice. A good work life balance was positively reported in 48.2% of female respondents compared to 45.2% in males. There were no significant differences in satisfaction with the various aspects of IR training. All differences observed between genders, exceeded the 0.05 significance level.

Conclusion:

This survey offers many insights into the current international landscape of IR training. Ongoing evaluation is vital to inform recruitment practices and initiatives to bridge gender inequities and attract more females into IR.

Advances in knowledge:

This study has revealed that increasing and optimising mentoring opportunities may be the first step in increasing awareness of IR and maximising potential female recruits.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody lateral flow assay for antibody prevalence studies following vaccination: a diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Cann Alexandra , Clarke Candice , Brown Jonathan , Thomson Tina , Prendecki Maria , Moshe Maya , Badhan Anjna , Simmons Bryony , Klaber Bob , Elliott Paul , Darzi Ara , Riley Steven , Ashby Deborah , Martin Paul , Gleeson Sarah , Willicombe Michelle , Kelleher Peter , Ward Helen , Barclay Wendy S. , Cooke Graham S.
Published: May 2022

Background: Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) are able to achieve affordable, large scale antibody testing and provide rapid results without the support of central laboratories. As part of the development of the REACT programme extensive evaluation of LFIA performance was undertaken with individuals following natural infection. Here we assess the performance of the selected LFIA to detect antibody responses in individuals who have received at least one dose of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine.

Methods: This was a prospective diagnostic accuracy study. Sampling was carried out at renal outpatient clinic and healthcare worker testing sites at Imperial College London NHS Trust. Two cohorts of patients were recruited; the first was a cohort of 108 renal transplant patients attending clinic following two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, the second cohort comprised 40 healthcare workers attending for first SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and subsequent follow up. During the participants visit, finger-prick blood samples were analysed on LFIA device, while paired venous sampling was sent for serological assessment of antibodies to the spike protein (anti-S) antibodies. Anti-S IgG was detected using the Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG Quant II CMIA. A total of 186 paired samples were collected. The accuracy of Fortress LFIA in detecting IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 compared to anti-spike protein detection on Abbott Assay

Results: The LFIA had an estimated sensitivity of 92.0% (114/124; 95% confidence interval [CI] 85.7% to 96.1%) and specificity of 93.6% (58/62; 95% CI 84.3% to 98.2%) using the Abbott assay as reference standard (using the threshold for positivity of 7.10 BAU/ml)

Conclusions: Fortress LFIA performs well in the detection of antibody responses for intended purpose of population level surveillance but does not meet criteria for individual testing.
Association of advanced chronic kidney disease with diabetic retinopathy severity in older patients with diabetes: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Lee Geun Woo , Lee Chul Ho , Kim Seong Gyu
Published: May 2022

Background: Despite the recent increasing trend in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes among older individuals, the relationship between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in these patients remains unclear. This study investigated the severity of renal dysfunction according to the degree of DR in older patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods: A total of 116 patients with diabetes and CKD stage ≥3 who visited both the nephrology and ophthalmology outpatient departments between July 2021 and January 2022 were screened. There were 53 patients in the no DR group, 20 in the nonproliferative DR (NPDR) group, and 43 in the proliferative DR (PDR) group.Results: DR severity was related to the deterioration of renal function. The proportion of patients with advanced CKD significantly increased with DR severity (p for trend <0.001). In the multivariate regression model adjusted for age of ≥80 years, male sex, poorly controlled diabetes, macroalbuminuria, insulin use, diabetes duration of ≥10 years, cerebrovascular accident, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease history, the odds ratio compared with the no DR group was approximately 4.6 for the NPDR group and approximately 11.8 for the PDR group, which were both statistically significant (p=0.025 and p<0.001, respectively).Conclusion: DR severity in older patients with diabetes may be associated with deterioration of renal function and high prevalence of advanced CKD. Therefore, periodic examination for DR in older patients with diabetes is important for predicting renal function deterioration and CKD progression.
Two New Species of Allodiatrype from Monsoon Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest in Pu’er, Yunnan, China
Authors:   International Fungal Research and Development Centre, The Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, P.R. China, Li Xin-Hao ,   Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P.R. China,   Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, The Puʼer Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration of China, Kunming 650224, P.R. China, Wu Hai-Xia ,   International Fungal Research and Development Centre, The Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, P.R. China,   Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, The Puʼer Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration of China, Kunming 650224, P.R. China, Li Jin-Chen ,   International Fungal Research and Development Centre, The Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, P.R. China,   Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, The Puʼer Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration of China, Kunming 650224, P.R. China, Song Jia-Yu ,   International Fungal Research and Development Centre, The Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, P.R. China,   Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, The Puʼer Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration of China, Kunming 650224, P.R. China, Wang Qiang ,   International Fungal Research and Development Centre, The Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, P.R. China,   Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, The Puʼer Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration of China, Kunming 650224, P.R. China, Promputtha Itthayakorn ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand,   Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Wijayawardene Nalin N. ,   Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, P.R. China
Published: May 2022

Two species that morphologically resemble Diatrype s. str. were collected from the monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest in Pu’er, Yunnan, China. DNA sequence based phylogenetic analyses (combined ITS and β-tubulin2) confi rmed that these taxa belong to Allodiatrype s. str. (Diatrypaceae, Xylariales, Sordariomycetes) but are distinct from other species, thus introduced as new species A. taiyangheensis and A. albelloscutata. Both species are compared with other taxa of Allodiatrype. These two species are the second records of Allodiatrype from China.
Impact of Fuel Cell System on Under Frequency Load Shedding Scheme Design
Authors: Jha Rajeev , Khan Baseem
Published: May 2022

The drop in frequency is a direct consequence of generation deficiency, either due to loss of generation or an increase in load. Therefore, in this work, to compensate for this generation deficiency following large disturbances, a fuel cell system (FCS) could be the most effective counter-measure. With the introduction of a proportional-integral (PI) controller to the FCS, the power output of the FCS can be further modified. In the present work, a two-area hydro-thermal interconnected system is being considered and simulated in MATLAB with and without FCS. From the simulation results, it is found that by using a FCS (with and without PI), the load shedding amount is reduced and the under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) scheme is made more effective.
A Prediction Based Bidding Strategy for Social Welfare Improvement in Uniform Pricing Mechanism
Authors: Rajasekhar G. V. , Surekha P.
Published: May 2022

In the new competitive electricity market, bidding plays a significant role in the area of power trading. The participants are partaking in the trading procedure for a fixed amount of power. The price at which a single buyer bids a block of power influences both the net volume of power cleared and the market-clearing price of electricity traded in the entire network. In this paper, different bidding strategies are defined and simulated. The defined strategies show the dependency on the bid price for clearing a bid. The net earnings of the buyers and sellers depend on the bid price. The selection of bid price for each block of power is studied such that the total volume of power cleared is equal to the participating buyers’ total power demand. The study focuses on determining the optimal bid to result in maximum societal benefit. In addition to the bid price effect on the volume of power cleared, the bid price prediction is also performed in this work using linear regression. The predicted Locational Marginal Price (LMP) of the buyers for different volumes of power cleared is estimated. The results are further compared with LMP obtained using an ordinary load flow problem through which a margin change in the net earnings is observed. An IEEE-30 bus system is simulated with different bidding strategies using MATLAB, and the predicted LMP shows a significant increase in net earnings.
Robotic-assisted versus laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy for renal transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hinojosa-Gonzalez DE , Roblesgil-Medrano A , Tellez-Giron VC , Torres-Martinez M , Galindo-Garza CA , Estrada-Mendizabal RJ , Alanis-Garza C , Gonzalez-Bonilla EA , Flores-Villalba E
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Renal transplantation remains the definitive treatment for end-stage renal disease. Currently employed minimally invasive techniques include robotic-assisted laparoscopy and laparoscopy. This study aims to determine whether either method provides an advantage.

Methods

Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted. Data were analysed using Review Manager 5.3.

Results

A total of 12 studies were included. Operative time and operative bleeding were similar between both approaches, with a mean difference (MD) of 16min (95% confidence interval (CI) −4.06, 37.38; p = 0.11) and 10.44ml (95% CI −43.89, 64.78; p = 0.71), respectively. Robotics had longer warm ischemia time (MD 1.14min; 95% CI 0.65, 1.63; p = 0.00001) but reduced length of stay (LOS) (MD −0.23days; 95% CI −0.45, −0.01; p = 0.04) and pain (MD −1.26 VAS; 95% CI −1.77, 0.75). Similar complication and conversion rates were seen among groups.

Conclusions

Robotic approaches provide a viable alternative to laparoscopic surgery. Operative time, bleeding volumes, complications and conversion rates are similar between both techniques; apparent robotic advantages on LOS and Pain need to be better analysed by future studies.
Relationship between guideline adherence and outcomes in severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Dheansa S , Rajwani KM , Pang G , Bench S , Kailaya-Vasan A , Maratos E , Lavrador JP , Bhangoo R , Tolias CM
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide. Evidence-based guidelines for managing severe TBI have been available for over 25 years. However, adherence to guidelines remains variable despite evidence highlighting improvement in outcomes with individual recommendations. There is limited evidence to support a superior outcome with compliance to whole sets of recommendations. The aim of this review was to determine whether adherence to TBI guidelines as a package improves outcomes in adults and paediatric patients with severe TBI.

Methods

A structured literature search was conducted using the MEDLINE®, Embase™, PubMed and CINAHL® (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) databases. Studies were considered eligible for inclusion in this review if they were quantitative studies investigating the use of TBI guidelines in relation to one or more of the following outcomes: mortality, functional outcome and length of hospital stay.

Results

Nine cohort studies were identified that fulfilled the inclusion criteria and answered the clinical question. A review of these papers was conducted.

Conclusions

Mortality after severe TBI improves with increasing adherence to evidence-based guidelines in both adults and children. The evidence also suggests that compliance with guideline recommendations results in improved functional outcomes and reduced length of hospital stay.
biblioteques especialitzades de la Generalitat de Catalunya (2016-2019)
Authors: Vivó Lourdes
Published: May 2022

Seguint el fil de l’article anterior sobre les biblioteques especialitzades, publicat a l’Anuari del 2016, aquest article se centra en un sector més reduït però significatiu, les biblioteques especialitzades de la Generalitat de Catalunya. Es presenta un estat de la qüestió sobre el treball i la situació d’aquestes biblioteques durant el període 2016-2019. Tal com s’apuntava a l’article anterior, l’ampolla continua mig plena i mig buida, amb iniciatives i projectes col·laboratius però amb l’inconvenient endèmic de la falta d’estructura formal.
El vocabulario emocional y la ira en estudiantes
españoles
Authors: Garcia-Blanc Núria , Joana Albert , Gomis-Cañellas Raquel , Ros-Morente Agnès , Filella-Guiu Gemma
Published: May 2022

INTRODUCCIÓN. La adquisición de vocabulario emocional
permite expresar cuidadosamente las emociones y facilita las
relaciones interpersonales. La ira es una de las emociones más
presentes dentro de nuestra sociedad y que necesita estrategias para
no derivar en violencia. MÉTODO. Este estudio de corte cuasi
experimental pretendió conocer las diferencias en la expresión
escrita del vocabulario emocional relativo a la familia de la ira en
una muestra accidental de 1.219 estudiantes españoles de educación
primaria, secundaria y universidad. Asimismo, se estudiaron las
diferencias entre los grupos relativos a las variables “curso” y
“género” de las diferentes etapas educativas mediante una
comparación de medias, un análisis post-hoc para conocer donde se
ubicaban dichas diferencias, así como regresiones lineales para
conocer la capacidad predictiva de las variables curso y género.
RESULTADOS y DISCUSIÓN. Los resultados mostraron diferencias
significativas en el curso para la etapa de primaria, en el curso y
género para las de secundaria y universidad, así como interesantes
diferencias intragrupos cuyas implicaciones se discuten a nivel
evolutivo. Se concluye con la importancia de seguir haciendo
hincapié en el vocabulario emocional para poder resolver conflictos
y mantener unas relaciones sociales sólidas.