bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects Of Isobaric Bupivacaine In Endoscopic Urological Surgeries Under Spinal Anaethesia
Authors: Hussain MD , Mallick MT
Published: April 2012

Introduction: Isobaric bupivacaine is not routinely practiced as a subarachnoid block, though it may be used as an alternative to traditional hyperbaric solution with less complications and a good operative condition in endoscopic urologic surgery. Objective: This prospective randomized study was conducted over a period of 18 months to evaluate the effects of isobaric bupivacaine with low dose fentanyl in endoscopic urologic surgeries under spinal anaesthesia. Methods: Two equally sized groups (n=60) of male patients were randomly selected and studied for routine endo-urological surgeries under subarachnoid block. One group received 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (HBF) and the other group received 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine (IBF). In both groups bupivacaine was mixed with low dose fentanyl (10 microgram) and 1 ml distilled water. Non-invasive blood pressure, heart rate, SpO2, levels of sensory and motor blockade were recorded frequently. Complications of intrathecal block (if developed) were also recorded and treated. Results: The mean operation time was 49.9±9.55 and 50.10.10±7.98 minutes in HBF and IBF groups respectively and the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The mean time to request for first analgesic was 402.50 ± 37.21 and 288.90±25.22 minutes in HBF and IBF groups respectively and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). There was no difference in the level of sensory block and total amount of fluid infused (p>0.05). Base line heart rate and blood pressure of the two studied groups were similar. After the subarachnoid block blood pressure reduced significantly in both the groups (p<0.001) but remained within the acceptable level for the surgery. No significant differences in complications like shivering, nausea, vomiting, hypotension, bradycardia were observed in the groups. Conclusion: Intrathecal isobaric bupivacaine with low dose fentanyl may be used as an alternative to traditional hyperbaric bupivacaine for endoscopic urologic surgeries with less side effects related to intrathecal opioid. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v7i2.10394 JAFMC 2011; 7(2): 33-36
Degree Of Proteinuria In Post-Icteric State Of Hepatitis E Virus (Hev) Infected Patients
Authors: Nargis W , Ahamed BU , Zabeen S , Alam F , Wahab MA , Arslan MI
Published: April 2012

Introduction: Nephropathies, as one of the multiple extrahepatic features of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection, can occur in clinically improved HEV hepatitis patients which in majority of the cases remain clinically silent for a long period. By the time these are reported, patients have already developed renal insufficiency which may even lead to renal replacement therapy. Proteinuria, a simple test in practice, can be a useful tool for early detection of the underlying renal impairment. Objective: The aim of this study was to detect the presence of proteinuria and to evaluate the degree of proteinuria in HEV- hepatitis patients during post-icteric state. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 50 diagnosed patients of clinically improved HEV-hepatitis at the Department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) with active cooperation of the Department of Hepatology, BSMMU, between July 2006 and June 2007. Cases were chosen carefully, to exclude the acute state of illness and the patients of HEV were selected during their third or fourth follow-up, in their post-icteric phase. The study subjects were grouped according to equal age ranges in group-I (18-26 year) and group-II (27-35 year). Depending on the level of spot urinary protein (mg/dl) the subjects were also categorized as having trace, mild and moderate proteinuria. Results: The mean age of HEV infected subjects was 24.72±2.59 years. The mean spot urinary protein in age group-II patients was raised compared to age group-I and the difference was highly significant (p<0.001). Moreover, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) of spot urinary protein of male and female. Majority of HEV patients (42%) presented with mild proteinuria and mostly (53.3%) was of age group-I. Conclusion: Spot urinary protein concentration should be checked in every HEV- hepatitis patient to detect the presence and level of proteinuria. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v7i2.10395 JAFMC 2011; 7(2): 37-39
Human Embryonic Stem Cells Where To Draw The Line
Authors: Hasan T
Published: April 2012

Introduction: Human-embryonic stem cells (hESC) are derived from very early stages of the human embryo. These cells have immense plasticity and can be conditioned to develop into any type of cell of the human body. Despite all their promising utility, hESC researches have recently been the subject of fervent debate. Objective: This paper explores the implications of hESC therapy from a bio-ethical perspective. Method: Published literature with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria was extensively reviewed through use of general and meta search engines to elucidate the applications and implications of hESC. Discussion: Studies indicate that the potential of hESC in reconstructive and regenerative medicine is undisputable but complex social and moral issues are hopelessly intertwined beneath the pleasant facade. hESC offer endless possibilities in understanding bio-molecular disease patterns, supplying readymade healthy organs, interpreting aging and organogenesis at the cellular level. The use of hESC is well established in leukemia and scientists anticipate diverse applications in a wide range of congenital and acquired medical conditions. However, many dilemmas arise in context of their biomedical usage because of the destruction of donor human embryos in producing stem cells, adverse transplant reactions, teratogenecity, phenotypic / genotypic abnormalities, nonstandardized research laws, logistic issues and the possibility of eternal life and humanoid chimeras. Conclusion: The wisdom to choose between ' mindful utilization' and 'senseless exploitation' lies with us. The large scale commercialization of human life or the killing of viable embryos cannot be justified by any means. A neutral approach with increased involvement of uncontroversial progenitors should be adopted. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v7i2.10396 JAFMC 2011; 7(2): 40-43
Port-Site Tuberculosis After Laparoscopy
Authors: Baqui MA
Published: April 2012

In light of the explosive increase in laparoscopic surgery there is concern about the effectiveness of sterilizing laparoscopic instruments by immersion in 2% gluteraldehyde. This article describes 02 (two) cases who presented with biopsy proven granulomatous lesion of tuberculosis at the port site which were of primary origin. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v7i2.10398 JAFMC 2011; 7(2): 47-49
Significant Pairwise Co-occurrence Patterns Are Not the Rule in the Majority of Biotic Communities
Authors: Pitta Eva , Giokas Sinos , Sfenthourakis Spyros
Published: April 2012

Our aim was to investigate species co-occurrence patterns in a large number of published biotic communities, in order to document to what extent species associations can be found in presence-absence matrices. We also aim to compare and evaluate two metrics that focus on species pairs (the ‘natural’ and the ‘checkerboard’ metric) using also artificial matrices. We applied the two metrics to many data sets from a huge variety of insular systems around the world. Both metrics reliably recover deviating species pairs and provide similar, albeit not identical, results. Nevertheless, only a few matrices exhibit significant deviations from random patterns, mostly vertebrates and higher plants. The benchmark cases cited in literature in favor of such assembly rules are indeed included in these exceptional cases. In conclusion, competitive or cooperative species interactions shaping communities cannot be inferred from patterns exhibited by presence-absence matrices. When such an analysis is attempted though, both the ‘natural’ and the ‘checkerboard’ metric should be set in a proper framework in order to provide useful insights regarding species associations. A large part of the discussion on species co-occurrence had originally been based on a few exceptional data sets that are not indicative of general patterns.
Analysis of the Induction and Wake Evolution of an Offshore Floating Wind Turbine
Authors: Sebastian Thomas , Lackner Matthew
Published: April 2012

The degrees-of-freedom associated with offshore floating wind turbines (OFWTs) result in a more dynamic flow field. The resulting aerodynamic loads may be significantly influenced by these motions via perturbations in the evolving wake. This is of great interest in terms of OFWT design, placement and simulation. This study presents free vortex wake method (FVM) simulations of the NREL 5-MW wind turbine of a variety of platforms, operating in a range of wind speeds synthesized platform motion time series. Motion-induced wake perturbations are observed to affect induction. Transitions between windmill and propeller states are also observed.
Quercetin and Epigallocatechin Gallate Induce in Vitro a Dose-Dependent Stiffening and Hyperpolarizing Effect on the Cell Membrane of Human Mononuclear Blood Cells
Authors: Margina Denisa , Ilie Mihaela , Gradinaru Daniela
Published: April 2012

The bioactivity of polyphenols is closely linked to their ability to interact with biological membranes. The study evaluates the in vitro effect of quercetin and epigallocatechin on the membrane anisotropy and transmembrane potential of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from 26 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients compared to 25 age matched controls. The in vitro assays were analyzed in correlation with the biochemical and inflammatory profile of the subjects and with insulin resistance parameters (HOMA-IR, plasma resistin) as well. For type 2 diabetes patients, the increase of HOMA-IR and resistin concentration was associated with a significant decrease of the PBMCs membrane anisotropy. The two tested polyphenols induced a dose-dependent hyperpolarizing effect and stiffening of the cell membranes for all tested subjects. Physiological levels of quercetin and epigallocatechin gallate had the tendency to normalize the PBMCs membrane anisotropy of the cells isolated from diabetes patients, bringing it to the level of cells isolated from normoglycemic ones. Epigallocatechin gallate induced higher effects compared to quercetin on the membranes isolated from subjects with higher cardiovascular risk. The decrease of membrane fluidity and the hyperpolarizing effect could explain the cardiovascular protective action of the tested compounds.
Hemocompatibility of Inorganic Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) Coatings on Thermoplastic Polyurethane Polymers
Authors: Lackner Juergen M. , Waldhauser Wolfgang , Hartmann Paul , Bruckert Franz , Weidenhaupt Marianne , Major Roman , Sanak Marek , Wiesinger Martin , Heim Daniel
Published: April 2012

Biocompatibility improvements for blood contacting materials are of increasing interest for implanted devices and interventional tools. The current study focuses on inorganic (titanium, titanium nitride, titanium oxide) as well as diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating materials on polymer surfaces (thermoplastic polyurethane), deposited by magnetron sputtering und pulsed laser deposition at room temperature. DLC was used pure (a-C:H) as well as doped with silicon, titanium, and nitrogen + titanium (a-C:H:Si, a-C:H:Ti, a-C:H:N:Ti). In-vitro testing of the hemocompatibility requires mandatory dynamic test conditions to simulate in-vivo conditions, e.g., realized by a cone-and-plate analyzer. In such tests, titanium- and nitrogen-doped DLC and titanium nitride were found to be optimally anti-thrombotic and better than state-of-the-art polyurethane polymers. This is mainly due to the low tendency to platelet microparticle formation, a high content of remaining platelets in the whole blood after testing and low concentration of platelet activation and aggregation markers. Comparing this result to shear-flow induced cell motility tests with e.g., Dictostelium discoideum cell model organism reveals similar tendencies for the investigated materials.
Methyl 6-Methyl-1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate
Authors: Chen Qing , Liu Qingjian , Wang Haiping
Published: April 2012

Methyl 6-methyl-1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate has been synthesized via the modified Biginelli reaction from benzaldehyde, p-tolylurea, and methyl acetoacetate, promoted with microwave irradiation and catalyzed by TsOH under solvent-free conditions in high yield.
Systematic Evaluation of Structure-Activity Relationships of the Riminophenazine Class and Discovery of a C2 Pyridylamino Series for the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Liu Binna , Liu Kai , Lu Yu , Zhang Dongfeng , Yang Tianming , Li Xuan , Ma Chen , Zheng Meiqin , Wang Bin , Zhang Gang , Wang Fei , Ma Zhenkun , Li Chun , Huang Haihong , Yin Dali
Published: April 2012

Clofazimine, a member of the riminophenazine class of drugs, is the cornerstone agent for the treatment of leprosy. This agent is currently being studied in clinical trials for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis to address the urgent need for new drugs that can overcome existing and emerging drug resistance. However, the use of clofazimine in tuberculosis treatment is hampered by its high lipophilicity and skin pigmentation side effects. To identify a new generation of riminophenazines that is less lipophilic and skin staining, while maintaining efficacy, we have performed a systematic structure-activity relationship (SAR) investigation by synthesizing a variety of analogs of clofazimine and evaluating their anti-tuberculosis activity. The study reveals that the central tricyclic phenazine system and the pendant aromatic rings are important for anti-tuberculosis activity. However, the phenyl groups attached to the C2 and N5 position of clofazimine can be replaced by a pyridyl group to provide analogs with improved physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetic characteristics. Replacement of the phenyl group attached to the C2 position by a pyridyl group has led to a promising new series of compounds with improved physicochemical properties, improved anti-tuberculosis potency, and reduced pigmentation potential.
Isolation and Identification of Myo-Inositol Crystals from Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus)
Authors: Rebecca Ow Phui San , Boyce Amru Nasrulhaq , Somasundram Chandran
Published: April 2012

Crystals isolated from Hylocereus polyrhizus were analyzed using four different approaches—X-ray Crystallography, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and identified as myo-inositol. The X-ray crystallography analysis showed that the unit-cell parameters were: a = 6.6226 (3) Å, b = 12.0462 (5) Å, c = 18.8942 (8) Å, α = 90.00, β = 93.98, δ = 90.00. The purity of the crystals were checked using HPLC, whereupon a clean single peak was obtained at 4.8 min with a peak area of 41232 μV*s. The LC-MS/MS technique, which is highly sensitive and selective, was used to provide a comparison of the isolated crystals with a myo-inositol standard where the results gave an identical match for both precursor and product ions. NMR was employed to confirm the molecular structure and conformation of the crystals, and the results were in agreement with the earlier results in this study. The discovery of myo-inositol crystals in substantial amount in H. polyrhizus has thus far not been reported and this is an important finding which will increase the marketability and importance of H. polyrhizus as a crop with a wide array of health properties.
Disordered Eating among Preadolescent Boys and Girls: The Relationship with Child and Maternal Variables
Authors: Gonçalves Sónia , Silva Margarida , Gomes A. Rui , Machado Paulo P. P.
Published: April 2012

Objective: (i) To analyze the eating behaviors and body satisfaction of boys and girls and to examine their mothers’ perceptions of these two domains; and (ii) to evaluate eating problem predictors using child body mass index (BMI), self-esteem, and body satisfaction as well as maternal BMI, eating problems, and satisfaction with their child’s body. The participants included 111 children (54.1% girls aged between 9 and 12 years old) and their mothers. Assessment measures included the Child Eating Attitude Test, the Self-Perception Profile for Children, the Eating Disorders Questionnaire, and the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Child and maternal measures also included BMI and Collins Figure Drawings. Results: (i) No association between child and maternal BMI for either sex was found; (ii) no difference was found between boys and girls with regard to eating behavior; (iii) most children revealed a preference for an ideal body image over their actual body image; (iv) most mothers preferred thinner bodies for their children; (v) greater BMI was related to higher body dissatisfaction; and (vi) child BMI and dissatisfaction with body image predicted eating disturbances in boys, whereas self-esteem, maternal BMI, and eating behavior predicted them in girls. Discussion: Maternal eating problems and BMI were related to female eating problems only.
From Land Cover to Land Use: A Methodology to Assess Land Use from Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Martínez Susana , Mollicone Danilo
Published: April 2012

The “land use” concept has evolved during recent decades and it is now considered as the socioeconomic function of land. Land use representation and land use change assessment through remote sensing still remains one of the major challenges for the remote sensing scientific community. In this paper we present a methodological approach based on remote sensing techniques to assess land use in accordance with the requirements of the United Nations Framework Climate Change Convention, UNFCCC (1995). The methodology is based mainly on the recognition of the land key elements and their function and on the adoption of the “predominant land use” criteria in the classification scheme settled by rules. The concept that underpins these rules is that the land use function of land can be expressed through hierarchical relationships among key land elements, and that these functional relationships are based on thresholds reflecting the relevance and predominance of key land elements in the observed area. When analyses are supported by high (10–30 m) or very high ( < 10 m) spatial resolution remote sensing data, the methodology provides a systematic approach for the representation of land use that is consistent with the concepts and methodologies developed by the International Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) to fulfill UNFCCC commitments. In particular, data with high and very high spatial resolution provide good results, with overall accuracies above 87% in the identification of key land elements that characterize land use classes. The methodology could be used to assess land use in any context (e.g., for any land use category or in any country and region) as it is based on the definition of user/project rules that should be tailored on the land use function of any territory.
A New Methodology for Vibration Error Compensation of Optical Encoders
Authors: Lopez Jesus , Artes Mariano
Published: April 2012

Optical encoders are sensors based on grating interference patterns. Tolerances inherent to the manufacturing process can induce errors in the position accuracy as the measurement signals stand apart from the ideal conditions. In case the encoder is working under vibrations, the oscillating movement of the scanning head is registered by the encoder system as a displacement, introducing an error into the counter to be added up to graduation, system and installation errors. Behavior improvement can be based on different techniques trying to compensate the error from measurement signals processing. In this work a new “ad hoc” methodology is presented to compensate the error of the encoder when is working under the influence of vibration. The methodology is based on fitting techniques to the Lissajous figure of the deteriorated measurement signals and the use of a look up table, giving as a result a compensation procedure in which a higher accuracy of the sensor is obtained.
Assessing Ambiguity of Context Data in Intelligent Environments: Towards a More Reliable Context Managing System
Authors: Almeida Aitor , López-de-Ipiña Diego
Published: April 2012

Modeling and managing correctly the user context in Smart Environments is important to achieve robust and reliable systems. When modeling reality we must take into account its ambiguous nature. Considering the uncertainty and vagueness in context data information it is possible to attain a more precise picture of the environment, thus leading to a more accurate inference process. To achieve these goals we present an ontology that models the ambiguity in intelligent environments and a data fusion and inference process that takes advantage of that extra information to provide better results. Our system can assess the certainty of the captured measurements, discarding the unreliable ones and combining the rest into a unified vision of the current user context. It also models the vagueness of the system, combining it with the uncertainty to obtain a richer inference process.
Le logement, facteur de sécurisation pour des classes moyennes fragilisées ?
Authors: Cusin François
Published: April 2012

Résumé Les classes moyennes font aujourd’hui l’objet d’une attention accrue, moins pour célébrer leur hégémonie que pour souligner les difficultés croissantes d’une partie d’entre elles. À l’issue d’une vaste enquête sur la population active en France, cet article montre les décalages existant entre l’appartenance aux classes moyennes sur la base du statut socioprofessionnel et les conditions matérielles de vie et de logement. En cause : la faible progression des revenus, l’augmentation des dépenses contraintes (au premier rang desquelles figure le logement) et surtout, le déclassement professionnel d’une partie des ménages des classes moyennes. Les fortes disparités internes à ce groupe accroissent la différenciation des trajectoires résidentielles. Trois type se dégagent nettement : les trajectoires ascendantes qui nourrissent une logique d’aspirations croissantes ; les trajectoires descendantes de ménages confrontés à une « logique de subsistance », au même titre que les fractions les plus modestes des couches populaires ; et, dans l’entre-deux, les trajectoires obéissant à une logique de sécurisation par le logement, tant sur le plan patrimonial, que social et statutaire.
Le loft: habitat atypique et innovation sociale pour deux générations de « nouvelles classes moyennes »
Authors: Collet Anaïs
Published: April 2012

Résumé La reconversion d’anciens locaux d’activité en logements est un phénomène certes marginal, mais révélateur de certaines innovations sociales dans les franges supérieures des classes moyennes. Plusieurs auteurs ont vu dans la diffusion des lofts l’effet de la récupération marchande de la critique artiste et d’une demande croissante envers un habitat distinguant. L’analyse de cinq cas d’habitants ayant reconverti d’anciens locaux industriels dans le Bas-Montreuil, en région parisienne, fait apparaître d’autres ressorts d’un tel choix résidentiel. Pour la génération des « nouvelles classes moyennes » arrivée dans les années 1980, ces espaces ont permis de mettre en œuvre des normes d’habitat alternatives et de donner sens à une position sociale nouvelle. Pour leurs successeurs, arrivés dans les années 2000, la conversion de locaux d’activité permet de valoriser des ressources non financières et de compenser une position sur le marché immobilier fragilisée par la précarisation de l’emploi.
Trajectoires résidentielles et choix électoraux chez les couches moyennes périurbaines
Authors: Rivière Jean
Published: April 2012

Résumé Les zones pavillonnaires périurbaines sont souvent considérées comme l’espace des couches moyennes par excellence. Depuis 2002 et avec les évolutions électorales récentes, s’est développée une tendance à la stigmatisation de ces mondes périurbains en raison des pratiques électorales supposées illégitimes de leurs habitants. Une enquête par questionnaire « sortie des urnes » réalisée lors de la présidentielle de 2007 permet de discuter de la validité empirique de ce qui est souvent présenté comme des évidences scientifiques en matière de socialisation résidentielle et politique des couches moyennes. Son exploitation montre qu’en contexte périurbain comme ailleurs, les positions et trajectoires socio-résidentielles des habitants continuent de peser lourd sur leurs choix électoraux.
Choix résidentiels et différenciation des modes de vie des familles de classes moyennes en Suisse
Authors: Thomas Marie-Paule , Pattaroni Luca
Published: April 2012

Résumé Cet article approche la question de la différenciation des classes moyennes par la thématique des choix résidentiels. Basés sur une enquête auprès de ménages familiaux des agglomérations de Lausanne et Berne (Suisse), l’article propose une approche en termes de modes de vie – saisissant dans un même cadre d’analyse les dimensions sensibles, sociales et fonctionnelles du rapport à l’environnement construit. Les résultats permettent ainsi d’identifier sept modes de vie résidentiels contrastés au sein des classes moyennes qui permettent de lier aspirations résidentielles et manières de vivre. La diversité en jeu n’est ici pas simplement relative à une transformation des valeurs ou des modes de consommation mais elle renvoie à l’articulation complexe des différentes sphères du mode de vie révélant une sédimentation historique des différentes manières de se rapporter au logement et au territoire apparu au fil du siècle dernier.
Classe moyenne versus classe ouvrière. Working Class Suburbs et le mythe de la banlieue étatsunienne
Authors: Gonzalez Cardenas Maria Margarita
Published: April 2012

Résumé Il y a cinquante ans est paru l’un des premiers livres à mettre en cause ce qui a été appelé « le mythe de la banlieue » étatsunienne. Il s’agit d’une publication à la fois peu médiatisée et durement critiquée à l’époque. Écrit par Bennett M. Berger, le livre a fait la réputation de son auteur, tout en réveillant l’intérêt pour les études sociales sur la banlieue. L’analyse du livre permet d’étudier la relation aux États-Unis entre banlieues et classes sociales. Cet article présente le livre aux lecteurs francophones et explique sa conception, en même temps qu’il tente d’évaluer son intérêt cinquante ans après sa parution.
« Jouer son atout » : figuration et sociabilité de rue dans une banlieue de Lisbonne
Authors: Nunes João Pedro
Published: April 2012

Résumé Cet article analyse le rassemblement quotidien d’un groupe d’hommes jouant aux cartes sur l’un des trottoirs de leur quartier de résidence. Cette pratique est perçue ici comme une figuration de rue, notion qui permet l’interprétation de ses effets sur l’élaboration des formes de sociabilité dans un espace public de proximité. En reconstituant l’émergence et la consolidation de ce petit monde social, on explore la production d’un ordre social local. À la fin de l’article, le caractère public de cette figuration de rue est débattu (ou analysé), en considérant la manière dont cet usage de l’espace et la sociabilité qui y est pratiquée transforment la condition sociale et urbaine des protagonistes.
Quand les managers publics locaux inventent la métropole procédurale
Authors: Lefeuvre Marie-Pierre
Published: April 2012

Résumé Cet article met en évidence le rôle de certains managers locaux dans la construction politique des métropoles, en s’appuyant sur l’étude de terrains français. Ces administrateurs et ces techniciens, qui coordonnent des actions impliquant plusieurs institutions (collectivités territoriales, établissements publics) et sont situés dans l’orbite du champ politique, peuvent être classés en trois catégories : les régulateurs de l’intercommunalité, les inventeurs de territoires, les pilotes d’actions publiques. Ils occupent une position de marginal sécant et développent leur capacité d’action en s’appuyant sur différentes ressources : la maîtrise des règles du jeu ; la territorialité ; la « sectorialité ». Les métropoles qu’ils co-construisent peuvent être qualifiées de procédurales parce qu’elles procèdent de la recherche approximative des régulations possibles à partir de ces trois types de ressources.
« Entre » philosophie et psychanalyse : la littérature comme expérience
Authors: Baas Bernard
Published: April 2012

Résumé Afin de faire apparaître l’étroitesse – mais aussi la radicalité – de la ligne de fracture entre philosophie et psychanalyse sur la question de leur rapport au poétique, on s’essaie ici à conférer Jacques Lacan (« je suis un poème ») et Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe (« j’aurai été une phrase »). L’enjeu de ce rapprochement n’est rien moins que « l’existence littérale ».
Lenz selon Büchner : l'autopsie d'un sinthome
Authors: Charliac Lucile
Published: April 2012

Résumé Récit fragmentaire étayé sur le document établi par un témoin direct, le Lenz de Büchner restitue trois semaines de la vie de l’écrivain Lenz, en proie à une crise profonde consécutive au déclenchement de sa psychose. L’écriture poétique se fait ici créatrice d’un double fictionnel vivant et convaincant du sujet historique qui lui sert de modèle. Elle s’avère une voie d’accès à la folie de l’autre, non sans interroger quant à l’usage de la lettre et aux nouages dont elle procède.
Nabokov le nymphome, ou le sinthome d'après Joyce
Authors: Bataillard Pascal
Published: April 2012

Résumé Prenant acte de l’intérêt particulier que Nabokov nourrit pour Joyce, nous nous appuierons sur la théorie du sinthome développée par Lacan et rendrons compte de la manière dont Joyce supplée la carence paternelle par son art de l’écriture pour relire Nabokov avec, tout particulièrement, Autres rivages et Lolita . De cette manière, nous donnerons une autre place aux papillons que Nabokov poursuivit sa vie durant, ainsi qu’à Lolita, qui donna son nom aux nymphettes des générations à venir, pour forger le terme de nymphome qui nous permettra de nommer Nabokov en artiste de la métamorphose et de l’exil.
« Première expérience d'écriture : une agonie »
Authors: Boudailliez Sylvie
Published: April 2012

Résumé Un cas clinique, étayé par le livre de Louis Wolfson Le schizo et les langues , illustrera quelle fonction occupe l’écriture dans la schizophrénie, et notamment le passage par les langues étrangères, pour tenter de pallier la faille qu’évoque Jacques Lacan : « Il n’y a pas de rapport sexuel. »
Tmêsis. Séparation, syntaxe, solitude
Authors: Coelen Marcus
Published: April 2012

Résumé L’intersection de la psychanalyse et de la philologie comporte peut-être un certain risque pour la consistance de chacun de ces deux champs : un certain risque, c’est-à-dire une chance. Cet article se propose de construire, à partir de la « tmèse », catégorie grammaticale, figure rhétorique et procédé poétique à la fois, l’exemple d’une telle intersection. La référence à certaines occurrences isolées de tmèse (Homère, Euripide, Kleist, Freud, l’argot américain), ainsi que l’analyse conceptuelle de cette instance linguistique, permettent de s’interroger sur la possibilité d’étendre les équivalences particulières, développée par Lacan pour la métaphore-condensation et la métonymie-déplacement, entre procédés langagiers et termes psychanalytiques. Il y va du statut « absolu » de l’objet a .
Le thème de l'écriture dans les lettres échangées entre Lou Andreas-Salomé, Anna Freud et Sigmund Freud
Authors: Vanneufville Monique
Published: April 2012

Résumé Jusqu’à l’âge de 24 ans, Anna évoquait l’écrivain comme une part d’elle-même : son élan poétique créateur était censé transformer en écrit littéraire son symptôme insistant de rêveries diurnes, source de « tant de plaisir ». Comment, à partir de ce plaisir ambigu entre excès de plaisir et douleur, cette satisfaction qualifiée de « bizarre » par Freud et appelée « jouissance » chez Lacan, « créer » un objet qui voile das Ding ? À cette question sur la nature du lien entre rêve, fantasme et texte, Anna donnera une réponse : son texte de 1922 pour sa candidature à la Société psychanalytique de Vienne, « Fantasmes de fustigation et rêves diurnes » ( Schlagephantasie und Tagtraum ).
Lettres de lieux, ruines et figures du réel
Authors: Yvan Frédéric
Published: April 2012

Résumé Qu’une lettre puisse désigner un lieu, ou qu’un lieu puisse être réduit à une lettre, signifie la lettre comme formule du lieu. Dès lors, si la lettre concerne la jouissance, la lettre de lieu est figure d’un réel, ou plus précisément lettre d’un lieu qui aborde le réel. En ce sens, les lettres de lieux désignent un horizon hors-lieu, c’est-à-dire formulent la structure diaphane de la réalité. Nous chercherons à explorer ce rapport de la lettre au réel hors lieu en nous intéressant à des récits – L’Aleph de J. L. Borges, W ou le souvenir d’enfance de G. Perec, La maison des feuilles de M. Z. Danielewski – et à des projets architecturaux – House El Even Odd de P. Eisenman – dans lesquels la lettre cerne et dessine la ruine du lieu.
Une fiction anthropologique
Authors: Bollack Jean
Published: April 2012

Résumé L’ouvrage de Freud L’homme Moïse , paru en 1939 à la veille de la guerre, a suscité des interprétations multiples, voire contradictoires. Jean Bollack entreprend de reconstituer une construction rigoureuse hautement spéculative et soucieuse en même temps de rester au plus près des données bibliques. La dialectique de l’histoire des religions montre l’imminence d’un retour de la barbarie touchant l’humanité tout entière. Le péril juif n’est que le symptôme le plus apparent de la haine de la science.
David Foster Wallace au-delà du principe de plaisir
Authors: Kaltenbeck Franz
Published: April 2012

Résumé … more like drawing than writing … (« ressemblant plus au dessiner qu’au écrire ») ( Infinite Jest , p. 885, New York, 1996, Back Bay Books, Little Brown and Company). Que les accointances de la lettre avec le dessin et l’image ne se réduisent pas à des fins illustratives devient clair quand on regarde des enluminures ou des calligraphies. L’image et l’écrit semblent s’y mélanger, passer l’un dans l’autre. Mais de grands auteurs mélancoliques peuvent créer des scènes, paysages ou des situations qui sont d’autant plus incandescents que l’écriture y traverse ce qui de la réalité voile du réel. David Foster Wallace, que nous présentons ici à partir de quelques textes extraits en partie de son chef-d’œuvre Infinite Jest (« Plaisanterie infinie »), est un de ces auteurs. Il regarde l’avenir sombre du rêve américain qui vire vers le cauchemar, dont la quintessence serait un film qui tue ceux qui le voient. Dans ce livre affranchi de toute linéarité du récit et dans les nouvelles dont nous parlons, l’analyse clinique de la douleur alterne avec l’humour noir, seul moyen de supporter son évocation. La nuit de l’empire américain en décomposition est saisie avec l’acuité d’une plume tenue par un auteur aux rapports aussi intimes que cliniques avec la maladie dont il devait succomber.
Un geste de la main pour David Claerbout
Authors: Watteau Diane
Published: April 2012

Résumé Une expérience de la projection à travers le solipsisme dans la vidéo de David Claerbout Long Goodbye (2007). Un au revoir comme un adieu, une expérience de la perte, du deuil, grâce à un drame joué de manière neutre et à la répétition d’un petit geste de la main. Voir les choses à travers d’autres, un postulat à la question de l’adresse.
Mélancolie, attraction du vide
Authors: Ego Sylvette
Published: April 2012

Résumé « Dans le deuil, le monde est devenu pauvre et vide, dans la mélancolie, c’est le moi lui-même », nous dit Freud. Une patiente nous en apporte un témoignage éloquent lors d’un entretien clinique. La force d’attraction de ce vide est telle, cependant, que dans une conscience douloureuse le sujet mélancolique doute de sa capacité d’y résister.
De résistance à résister, nos aînés sont toujours des soldats!
Authors: Lefèvre Delphine
Published: April 2012

Résumé Le Larousse pratique (2005) donne la définition suivante du mot résistance : « Action de résister, de faire obstacle à quelqu’un, à une autorité, capacité à résister à une épreuve physique ou morale, propriété que possède un corps de résister aux effets d’un agent extérieur, force qui s’oppose au mouvement d’un corps dans un fluide… » Le terme de résistance renvoie invariablement à la notion de combativité, de lutte, de rébellion, de fermeté, de robustesse, de solidité, de dureté…
Functional Specialization of Islet Dendritic Cell Subsets
Authors: Yin Na , Xu Jiangnan , Ginhoux Florent , Randolph Gwendalyn J. , Merad Miriam , Ding Yaozhong , Bromberg Jonathan S.
Published: April 2012

Dendritic cells (DC) play important roles in both tolerance and immunity to β cells in type 1 diabetes. How and why DC can have diverse and opposing functions in islets remains elusive. To answer these questions, islet DC subsets and their specialized functions were characterized. Under both homeostatic and inflammatory conditions, there were two main tissue-resident DC subsets in islets, defined as CD11blo/−CD103+CX3CR1− (CD103+ DC), the majority of which were derived from fms-like tyrosine kinase 3-dependent pre-DC, and CD11b+CD103−CX3CR1+ (CD11b+ DC), the majority of which were derived from monocytes. CD103+ DC were the major migratory DC and cross-presented islet-derived Ag in the pancreatic draining lymph node, although this DC subset displayed limited phagocytic activity. CD11b+ DC were numerically the predominant subset (60–80%) but poorly migrated to the draining lymph node. Although CD11b+ DC had greater phagocytic activity, they poorly presented Ag to T cells. CD11b+ DC increased in numbers and percentage during T cell-mediated insulitis, suggesting that this subset might be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes. These data elucidate the phenotype and function of homeostatic and inflammatory islet DC, suggesting differential roles in islet immunity.
Archetypal values of science and engineering staff in relation to their career orientations
Authors: Du Toit Didi-Mari , Coetzee Melinde
Published: April 2012

Orientation: Career decision-making in the 21st century is increasingly guided by the individuals’ deep-seated values and career orientations, as they are required to become proactive career agents in the pursuit of their career.Research purpose: The objective of the study was to explore the relationship between individuals’ archetypal values (measured by the Pearson–Marr Archetype Indicator) and career orientations (measured by the Career Orientations Inventory). The study also assessed the differences between race, gender, marital status, employment status and age groups regarding the archetypal values and career orientations of the individuals.Motivation for study: Career counsellors and industrial psychologists are increasingly required to explore new career guidance frameworks that are relevant and appropriate to the evolving nature of careers.Research design, approach and method: A quantitative survey was conducted. A non-probability sample of 207 voluntary participants employed within the science and engineering sector was obtained.Main findings: Correlational analyses revealed that the participants’ archetypal values related significantly to their career orientations. The various biographical groups differed significantly regarding their archetypal values and career orientations.Practical/managerial implications: The findings highlight the importance of understanding the deep-seated archetypal values that seem to explain the individuals’ career choices and decisions, and how these values differ regarding these choices and decisions.Contribution/value-add: The explanatory utility of the results may prove useful to enhance the individuals’ self-insight in their career choices and experiences. This study represents original research that contributes new knowledge to the field of career psychology and career counselling practices.
Screening ofBrassicagermplasm for resistance toPlasmodiophora brassicaepathotypes prevalent in Canada for broadening diversity in clubroot resistance
Authors: Jakir Hasan Muhammad , Strelkov Stephen E. , Howard Ronald J. , Rahman Habibur
Published: April 2012

Hasan, M. J., Strelkov, S. E., Howard, R. J. and Rahman, H. 2012. Screening of Brassica germplasm for resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae pathotypes prevalent in Canada for broadening diversity in clubroot resistance. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 501–515. Clubroot disease of crucifers, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, poses a threat to the Canadian canola industry, and the development of resistant cultivars is urgently needed. Germplasm resistant to local pathotype(s) is the prime requirement for breeding clubroot-resistant cultivars. The objective of this study was to identify Brassica germplasm possessing resistance to P. brassicae pathotypes prevalent in Alberta. Pathotype-specific resistance was identified in the diploid species Brassica rapa (AA) and B. oleracea (CC), and in the amphidiploid B. napus (AACC). Among B. rapa genotypes, turnip was the most resistant, followed by winter type and spring type oilseed rape. The rutabaga group of B. napus, on the other hand, was homogeneous for resistance to Canadian P. brassicae pathotypes. The diploid species B. nigra (BB) also showed pathotype-specific resistance. However, the two amphidiploids carrying the B. nigra genome, B. juncea (AABB) and B. carinata (BBCC) were completely susceptible to clubroot.
Anti-atherosclerotic effects of fruit bioactive compounds: A review of current scientific evidence
Authors: Thilakarathna Surangi H. , Rupasinghe H. P. Vasantha
Published: April 2012

Thilakarathna, S. H. and Rupasinghe, H. P. V. 2012. Anti-atherosclerotic effects of fruit bioactive compounds: A review of current scientific evidence. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 407–419. Atherosclerosis is a condition which leads to a cascade of processes involved in thickening of arterial walls as a result of fatty deposition, which can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Among numerous remedies, the consumption of fruits is believed to have beneficial effects on atherosclerosis development. Various bioactive compounds are present in fruits and they have been found to be responsible for exerting these beneficial effects. Fruit flavonoids and certain terpenoids are among the most efficacious fruit bioactive compounds that have shown positive effects on different in vitro as well as in vivo research models of atherosclerosis. The mechanisms of actions of these compounds vary from exerting antioxidant activities to anti-atherogenic and lipid lowering activities, based on different experimental models. This review article briefly explains how some of the fruit bioactive compounds have affected atherosclerosis under experimental conditions.
Combined selection of progeny in crop breeding using best linear unbiased prediction
Authors: Marcelo Soriano Viana José , Ribeiro Faria Vinícius , Fonseca e Silva Fabyano , Deon Vilela de Resende Marcos
Published: April 2012

Viana, J. M. S., Faria, V. R., Fonseca e Silva, F. and Vilela de Resende, M. D. 2012. Combined selection of progeny in crop breeding using best linear unbiased prediction. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 553–562. Combined selection is an important strategy in crop breeding. As the classical index does not consider pedigree information, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) methodology for combined selection of progeny. We analyzed expansion volume (EV) and grain yield of parents and inbred and non-inbred progeny from the popcorn population Viçosa. The BLUP analyses, single-trait and of the same character measured in parents and progeny (combined parent-family) were performed using the ASReml software. Because the experiments were balanced, the estimates of the additive variance from the BLUP and least squares analyses were generally equivalent. The accuracies of the BLUP analyses do not clearly establish the superior technique. The accuracy of the classical index tended to be higher than that obtained from BLUP analyses. There was equivalence between BLUP and least squares analyses relative to half-sib and inbred progeny selection, and superiority of the combined parent-family BLUP index for full-sib selection. The BLUP analyses also differed from the least squares analysis on the coincidence of selected parents. The populations obtained by selection based on BLUP of breeding values presented a lower effective size.
Phylogeny of Korean Rubus (Rosaceae) based on the second intron of the LEAFY gene
Authors: Yang JiYoung , Yoon Ho-Sung , Pak Jae-Hong
Published: April 2012

Yang, J., Yoon, H.-S. and Pak. J.-H. 2012. Phylogeny of Korean Rubus (Rosaceae) based on the second intron of the LEAFY gene. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 461–472. The second intron of the LEAFY gene was used for phylogenetic analysis of Rubus (Rosaceae). The LEAFY gene is conserved among a wide variety of plants and is known to be involved in the morphological evolution of plants. Sequence comparison of LEAFY homologues revealed the phylogenetic relationships of previously unresolved taxa, suggesting the usefulness of this marker rather than the ITS region for representing nuclear gene trees. In addition, a combined analysis of the trnL/F intergenic region of chloroplast DNA and the second intron of the LEAFY gene yielded more imformative data. Based on the data, it was inferred that evolution proceeded from herbs to woody plants, compound leaf to simple leaf, and pink petal to white petal within Korean Rubus taxa. Moreover, the LEAFY and trnL/F combined phylogeny had similar topology with the Rubus classification based on morphological characteristics. Therefore, our results indicate that LEAFY and trnL/F were valuable regions for analyzing the phylogenetic relationships among the Rubus taxa in Korea.
OAC Inferno common bean
Authors: Smith T. H. , Michaels T. E. , Navabi A. , Pauls K. P.
Published: April 2012

Smith, T. H., Michaels, T. E., Navabi, A. and Pauls, K. P. 2012. OAC Inferno common bean. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 589–592. OAC Inferno (CFIA registration no. 7020) is dark red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar with a determinate bushy growth habit, mid to full season maturity and good yield potential. Seed has acceptable cooking and canning quality.
Influence of cultivar and year on phytochemical and antioxidant activity of potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) in Ontario
Authors: Hu Chanli , Tsao Rong , Liu Ronghua , Alan Sullivan J. , McDonald Mary Ruth
Published: April 2012

Hu, C., Tsao, R., Liu, R., Sullivan, J. A. and McDonald, M. R. 2012. Influence of cultivar and year on phytochemical and antioxidant activity of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Ontario. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 485–493. Phytochemicals in coloured vegetables are responsible not only for the colour, but also for nutritional quality. In this study 11 cultivars of potato, with a wide range of skin and flesh colours, grown over two years were tested for the total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin-content (TAC) and total antioxidant activity (TAA). Results showed significant variations among cultivars for both years. TPC was 1.2–3.6 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) g−1dry weight (DW) in 2008 and 0.98–2.81 mg GAE g−1DW in 2009. Total anthocyanin content was 0.70–1.92 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent (Cy3g E) in 2008 and 0.05 –1.52 mg Cy3g E g−1DW in 2009, respectively. The TAA also varied among different potato cultivars, with values of 12 to 64 and 6.3 to 20 µmol ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE) g−1DW in 2008 and 2009, respectively for the FRAP (ferric reducing/antioxidant power) assay, and from 42 to 168 and 75 to 174 µmol trolox equivalents (TE) g−1DW in 2008 and 2009 in the ORAC (oxygen radical absorption capacity) assay, respectively. The purple fleshed tubers, such as ‘Mackintosh Black’, demonstrated the highest antioxidant activities, indicating that anthocyanins are important antioxidants. Our results suggest that purple/red potato cultivars have a greater potential as functional foods for enhanced human health benefits.