bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex Differences in Characteristics, Resource Utilization, and Outcomes of Cardiogenic Shock: Data From the Critical Care Cardiology Trials Network (CCCTN) Registry
Authors: Daniels Lori B. , Phreaner Nicholas , Berg David D. , Bohula Erin A. , Chaudhry Sunit-Preet , Fordyce Christopher B. , Goldfarb Michael J. , Katz Jason N. , Kenigsberg Benjamin B. , Lawler Patrick R. , Martillo Correa Miguel A. , Papolos Alexander I. , Roswell Robert O. , Sinha Shashank S. , van Diepen Sean , Park Jeong-Gun , Morrow David A. ,   on behalf of the Critical Care Cardiology Trials Network Investigators
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:

Sex disparities exist in the management and outcomes of various cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about sex differences in cardiogenic shock (CS). We sought to assess sex-related differences in the characteristics, resource utilization, and outcomes of patients with CS.

METHODS:

The Critical Care Cardiology Trials Network is a multicenter registry of advanced cardiac intensive care units (CICUs) in North America. Between 2018 and 2022, each center (N=35) contributed annual 2-month snapshots of consecutive CICU admissions. Patients with CS were stratified as either CS after acute myocardial infarction or heart failure–related CS (HF-CS). Multivariable logistic regression was used for analyses.

RESULTS:

Of the 22 869 admissions in the overall population, 4505 (20%) had CS. Among 3923 patients with CS due to ventricular failure (32% female), 1235 (31%) had CS after acute myocardial infarction and 2688 (69%) had HF-CS. Median sequential organ failure assessment scores did not differ by sex. Women with HF-CS had shorter CICU lengths of stay (4.5 versus 5.4 days;
P
<0.0001) and shorter overall lengths of hospital stay (10.9 versus 12.8 days;
P
<0.0001) than men. Women with HF-CS were less likely to receive pulmonary artery catheters (50% versus 55%;
P
<0.01) and mechanical circulatory support (26% versus 34%;
P
<0.0001) compared with men. Women with HF-CS had higher in-hospital mortality than men, even after adjusting for age, illness severity, and comorbidities (34% versus 23%; odds ratio, 1.76 [95% CI, 1.42–2.17]). In contrast, there were no significant sex differences in utilization of advanced CICU monitoring and interventions, or mortality, among patients with CS after acute myocardial infarction.

CONCLUSIONS:

Women with HF-CS had lower use of pulmonary artery catheters and mechanical circulatory support, shorter CICU lengths of stay, and higher in-hospital mortality than men, even after accounting for age, illness severity, and comorbidities. These data highlight the need to identify underlying reasons driving the differences in treatment decisions, so outcomes gaps in HF-CS can be understood and eliminated.
Congenital Vascular and Lymphatic Diseases
Authors: Jung Roy , Trivedi Chinmay M.
Published: June 2024

Over the past several centuries, the integration of contemporary medical techniques and innovative technologies, like genetic sequencing, have played a pivotal role in enhancing our comprehension of congenital vascular and lymphatic disorders. Nonetheless, the uncommon and complex characteristics of these disorders, especially considering their formation during the intrauterine stage, present significant obstacles in diagnosis and treatment. Here, we review the intricacies of these congenital abnormalities, offering an in-depth examination of key diagnostic approaches, genetic factors, and therapeutic methods.
Physician Transfer Versus Patient Transfer for Mechanical Thrombectomy in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Qureshi Adnan I. , Lodhi Abdullah , Maqsood Hamza , Ma Xiaoyu , Hubert Gordian J. , Gomez Camilo R. , Kwok Chun S. , Ford Daniel E. , Hanley Daniel F. , Mehr David R. , Shah Qaisar A. , Suri M. Fareed K.
Published: June 2024

Background

Physician transfer is an alternate option to patient transfer for expedient performance of mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Methods and Results

We conducted a systematic review to identify studies that evaluate the effect of physician transfer in patients with acute ischemic stroke who undergo mechanical thrombectomy. A search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was undertaken, and data were extracted. A statistical pooling with random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed to examine the odds of reduced time interval between stroke onset and recanalization, functional independence, death, and angiographic recanalization. A total of 12 studies (11 nonrandomized observational studies and 1 nonrandomized controlled trial) were included, with a total of 1894 patients. Physician transfer was associated with a significantly shorter time interval between stroke onset and recanalization with a pooled mean difference estimate of −62.08 (95% CI, −112.56 to −11.61];
P
=0.016; 8 studies involving 1419 patients) with high between‐study heterogeneity in the estimates (
I
2
=90.6%). The odds for functional independence at 90 days were significantly higher (odds ratio, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.00–1.66];
P
=0.046; 7 studies with 1222 patients) with physician transfer with low between‐study heterogeneity (
I
2
=0%). Physician transfer was not associated with higher odds of near‐complete or complete angiographic recanalization (odds ratio, 1.18 [95% CI, 0.89–1.57;
P
=0.25;
I
2
=2.8%; 11 studies with 1856 subjects).

Conclusions

Physician transfer was associated with a significant reduction in the mean of time interval between symptom onset and recanalization and increased odds for functional independence at 90 days with physician transfer compared with patient transfer among patients who undergo mechanical thrombectomy.
Optimal Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Duration For Carotid Artery Stenting On the Basis of Angioscopic Findings
Authors: Fukutome Kenji , Aketa Shuta , Fukumori Junji , Mitsui Takaaki , Shiraishi Yuki , Hayami Hiromichi , Hamanaka Yuma , Murakami Yasutaka , Matsuoka Ryuta , Shiba Mikio , Tei Rinsei , Shin Yasushi , Kanki Hideaki , Higuchi Yoshiharu , Hirayama Atsushi , Motoyama Yasushi
Published: June 2024

Background

Dual antiplatelet therapy plays a crucial role in preventing thrombosis in the perioperative period of carotid artery stenting (CAS); however, it has been associated with a risk of hemorrhagic complications. A standard regimen for the duration and combination of antiplatelet therapy is yet to be established. Angioscopy enables direct visualization of neointimal coverage and might help determine the optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy through the assessment of post‐CAS neointimal coverage.

Methods

This prospective study enrolled 20 patients who were scheduled to undergo CAS at the Osaka Police Hospital. A 2‐month post‐CAS period was chosen for angioscopic neointima evaluation on the basis of previous evidence of reliable neointimal coverage 2 months following coronary artety stenting. Furthermore, antiplatelet therapy was initiated 1 week before CAS and continued until angioscopic examination. Angioscopic evaluation categorized the degree of neointimal coverage and was supplemented with carotid ultrasonography and biplane angiography.

Results

Coincidentally, a dual‐layer stent was used in all cases. The stent lumen was observed in 19 of the 20 cases. One case was difficult to evaluate owing to poor visibility. Angioscopy showed complete neointimal coverage in 18 of 19 cases and partial coverage in 1 case. Ultrasonography could detect neointima in 9 of 20 cases, and angiography showed a radiolucent gap suggestive of neointima in all cases in which neointima was confirmed via angioscopy. No post‐CAS or procedural complications occurred.

Conclusion

Angioscopy performed 2 months following CAS revealed large neointimal coverage, suggesting that a 2‐month duration of dual antiplatelet therapy is generally sufficient. However, as a limitation, this study was performed using the same dual‐layer stent; thus, additional studies with other stents are required.
Species of Entoloma (Entolomataceae) with cuboidal basidiospores from Brazil
Authors: KARSTEDT FERNANDA , BERGEMANN SARAH E. , GATES GENEVIEVE , RATKOWSKY DAVID , CUNHA KELMER MARTINS , CAPELARI MARINA
Published: June 2024

Fifteen new species of Entolomataceae in Entoloma subg. Cubospora characterized by having cuboidal basidiospores are presented in this paper. We provide new morphological information, including clarified and expanded morphological descriptions, molecular work and SEM photos (when possible) on a further 12 species already known. The specimens came from two differing vegetation types in Brazil: the Amazon Rainforest and the Atlantic Forest. We provide phylogenetic data, detailed descriptions, comparisons with other similar species and a key to the 27 species. The morphological and molecular data suggest the subclades /Psittacini, /Murrayi, /Acutipallidum, /Dragoluteum, /Cervinum, /Procerum and /Dragonosporum.
Rediscovery of Youngia longipes reveals a new species of Youngia (Asteraceae) in China
Authors: LIU QUN , ZHANG TING , LIN NAN , ZHANG DAI-GUI , HUANG XIAN-HAN , YANG JING-YUAN , TOJIBOEVA UMIDA , ZHANG JIAN-WEN , DENG TAO
Published: June 2024

Youngia wulingensis, a new species of Asteraceae from Wuling Mountain, central China, is described and illustrated. This new species had been identified as Y. longipes for a long period of time. However, we rediscovered Y. longipes in its type locality, re-examined the type specimen of Y. longipes, and found out many differences between Y. longipes and Y. wulingensis, which can be easily distinguished by the shape of leaves and especially the cylindrical involucre with a keel-like central rib. The phylogenetic analyses based on the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and one chloroplast marker (rps16) indicated that three accessions of Y. wulingensis were grouped together (BP = 1 and LP = 0.98) and appeared sister to Y. zhengyiana with strong support (PP = 1, LP = 0.98). Finally, we characterised the new species by morphological comparisons and molecular analyses.
The first report of subgenus Blacus Nees, 1819 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Brachistinae) from China
Authors: LU QIAN-YU , CHAI HONG-FEI , ACHTERBERG CORNELIS VAN , TANG PU , CHEN XUE-XIN
Published: June 2024

The subgenus Blacus Nees, 1819 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Brachistinae, Blacini, Blacus) is reported from China for the first time. Eight new species, B. (B.) adustiabdominus sp. nov., B. (B.) flavimaculus sp. nov., B. (B.) hebeiensis sp. nov., B. (B.) longicornis sp. nov., B. (B.) rufiabdominus sp. nov., B. (B.) rugifacialis sp. nov., B. (B.) tianmushanensis sp. nov., and B. (B.) xizangensis sp. nov., are proposed and seven species, B. (B.) exilis (Nees, 1811), B. (B.) forticornis Haeselbarth, 1973, B. (B.) leptostigma Ruthe, 1861, B. (B.) longipennis (Gravenhorst, 1807), B. (B.) paganus Haliday, 1835, B. (B.) pappianus Haeselbarth, 1973, and B. (B.) radialis Haeselbarth, 1973, are newly recorded from China. A key to the Chinese species of the subgenus Blacus is provided.
Unveiling the Intersection of Individual Stardom and Team Loyalty in Social Network Reflections: The Case of Soccer-Stars Ronaldo and Messi
Authors: Hayat Tsahi (Zack) , Samuel-Azran Tal , Laor Tal , Galily Yair
Published: June 2024

This study investigates sport fandom’s major dimensions: star attraction and team identification, analyzing transfers of soccer players Ronaldo and Messi. Data from teams’ official social media (Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter/X) using scripts inform our analysis. Results reveal star attraction’s significant prominence over team identification. Instagram, linked to celebrity culture and star fandom, displays the highest online growth, emphasizing star attraction’s centrality in sport fandom on social media. Implications for fans, teams, and marketers are discussed, emphasizing the need for nuanced understanding to enhance engagement and marketing. Overall, valuable insights into sport fandom’s complex dynamics in the social media age emerge.
Predictors and Impact of Ileus on Outcomes After Laparoscopic Right Colectomy: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Emile Sameh Hany , Horesh Nir , Garoufalia Zoe , Gefen Rachel , Zhou Peige , Dasilva Giovanna , Wexner Steven D.
Published: June 2024

Background

Ileus is a common complication of major abdominal surgery, including colorectal resection. The present study aimed to assess the predictors of ileus after laparoscopic right colectomy for colon cancer.

Methods

This study was a retrospective case-control analysis of a prospective IRB-approved database of patients who underwent laparoscopic right colectomy at the Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida. Patients who developed ileus after right colectomy were compared to patients without ileus to determine the risk factors of ileus.

Results

The present study included 270 patients with a mean age of 68.7 years. Thirty-six patients (13.3%) experienced ileus after laparoscopic right colectomy. The median duration of ileus was 6 days. Factors associated with ileus were age (71.6 vs 68.2 years, P = .158), emergency colectomy (11.1% vs 3.9%, P = .082), extended hemicolectomy (19.4% vs 6.8%, P = .021), green gastrointestinal anastomosis (GIA) 4.8mm staple height cartridge (19% vs 8.1%, P = .114), and longer operative time (177.9 vs 160.4 minutes, P = .157). The only independent predictor of ileus was extended colectomy (OR: 16.7, P = .003).

Conclusions

Increased age, emergency surgery, green GIA cartridge, and longer operative times were associated with ileus, yet the only independent predictor of ileus was extended right hemicolectomy.
Evaluating the Factors Influencing Residency Match for Surgical Specialty Applicants and Programs: Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: Patel Heli , Wright D-Dre , Hernandez Nickolas , Werling Alaina , Watts Emelia , Havron William S. , Elkbuli Adel
Published: June 2024

Introduction

We aim to evaluate the impact of recent changes in the residency matching process on surgical specialties’ applicants and programs to offer recommendations on residency selection and matching processes.

Methods

We utilized five databases while employing a Boolean query to search for studies from 2015 to March 2024. The search selection focused on factors and recent changes influencing residency match results across surgical specialties, including USMLE Step 1 pass/fail, research productivity, interview structure, and preference and geographic signaling.

Results

The shift of the USMLE Step 1 to a pass/fail scoring system revealed a consensus among surgical program directors (PDs) and applicants not in favor of the change due to the emphasis on additional application elements. Research productivity was identified as a significant factor, especially in neurosurgery (with an average of 18.3 publications per applicant) and vascular surgery (8.3 publications), indicating a positive correlation between the number of publications and match outcomes. The adoption of virtual interviews has been well-received by both applicants and PDs, leading to an increase in the number of interviews offered and applicants. The implementation of preference and geographic signaling mechanisms has improved interview rates for applicants who utilize them.

Conclusion

The transition to a pass/fail USMLE Step 1 has raised concerns among surgical specialties, necessitating a greater focus on Step 2 scores and research productivity. Virtual interviews and signaling have improved the accessibility and reach of the residency application process, however, the full impact of these changes on the perception of applicant-program fit remains unclear.
Impact of Trauma Center Type on Outcomes in Pediatric Population Following Severe Isolated Blunt Traumatic Brain Injuries: A National Analysis
Authors: Nasef Hazem , Chin Brian , Breeding Tessa , Bundschu Nikita , Wright D-Dre , Plumely Donald , Elkbuli Adel
Published: June 2024

Introduction

This study aims to evaluate the association between trauma center type, verification level, and clinical outcomes in pediatric trauma patients with moderate and severe isolated blunt traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study utilizing the American College of Surgeons (ACS) Trauma Quality Program (TQP) Participant Use File (PUF) database from 2017 to 2021. Severely injured pediatric (<18 years) trauma patients with isolated moderate and severe TBI (AIS head >2, all other body regions <3) were included. Outcomes included in-hospital mortality, discharge disposition, intensive care unit length-of-stay (ICU-LOS), and ventilator-free days (VFDs).

Results

Patients treated at a level-I combined adult and pediatric trauma centers (CTCs) had significantly lower odds of in-hospital mortality than those treated at adult trauma centers (ATCs) (OR .495, 95% CI 0.291-.841, P = .009). Patients treated at level-I pediatric trauma centers (PTCs) (OR 2.726, 95% CI 2.059-3.609, P < .001) and level-II PTCs (OR 6.18, 95% CI 3.402-11.239, P < .001) were significantly more likely to be discharged home than equivalent-level ATCs.

Conclusion

Pediatric patients with isolated blunt moderate and severe TBI treated at level-I PTCs and CTCs had reduced odds of in-hospital mortality compared to level-I ATCs. Patients at level I and II PTCs had significantly higher odds of discharge home than those at equivalent-level CTCs and ATCs.
CENPF May Act as a Novel Marker and Highlight the Influence of Pericyte in Infantile Hemangioma
Authors: Li Jiwei , Chen Qiang , Ni Sili , Dong Xiaobo , Mi Tao , Xie Yimin , Yuan Xingang , Luo Xiaoyan , Wang Hua
Published: June 2024

Infantile hemangioma (IH), a benign microvascular tumor, is marked by early and extensive proliferation of immature hemangioma endothelial cells (Hem-ECs) that naturally regress through differentiation into fibroblasts or adipocytes. However, a challenge persists, as the unique biological behavior of IH remains elusive, despite its general sensitivity to propranolol treatment. Recent evidence suggests that abnormal volume proliferation in IH is primarily attributed to the accumulation of hemangioma pericytes (Hem-Pericytes), in addition to Hem-ECs. Centromere protein F (CENPF) is involved in regulating mitotic processes and has been associated with malignant tumor cell proliferation. It is a key player in maintaining genomic stability during cell division. Our findings revealed specific expression of CENPF in Hem-Pericytes, with a proliferation index (PI) approximately half that of Ki67 (3.28 vs 6.97%) during the proliferative phase of IH. This index decreased rapidly in the involuting phase ( P < .05), suggesting that the contribution of pericytes to IH development was comparable to that of Hem-ECs. Tumor expansion and shrinkage may be due to the proliferation, reduction, and differentiation of Hem-Pericytes. In conclusion, we speculate CENPF as a novel marker for clinical pathological diagnosis and a potential therapeutic target, fostering advancements in drug development.
Relative Labor Market Utility Perceptions and Offending: A Rational Choice Perspective on the Benefits of Licit and Illicit Work
Authors: Jaynes Chae M.
Published: June 2024

This study evaluates the relationship between relative employment perceptions within licit and illicit markets and offending. Relative labor market utility (RLMU) accounts for the importance and perceived quality of work characteristics within each market. Ordered-logistic regression models evaluate the association between RLMU and willingness to commit crime amongst a nationwide (U.S.) sample. Analyses also consider mean differences in work characteristics’ importance and relative quality to identify which characteristics most incentivize crime. Findings suggest that RLMU is negatively associated with offending and improves upon a precedent measure. Several work characteristics also more strongly incentivize offending. Those interested in reducing crime through employment should focus on improving RLMU perceptions. Suggestions for doing this in practice and recommendations for future research are provided.
Improving the performance of a MEMS-IMU system based on a false state-space model by using a fading factor adaptive Kalman filter
Authors: Akbaş Eren Mehmet , Çifdalöz Oğuzhan , Üçüncü Murat
Published: June 2024

In this study, we introduce a novel algorithm, the low error rate adaptive fading Kalman filter (LERAFKF), designed to predict system states in the presence of uncertainty in both the system matrix and the model. The purpose of developing the LERAFKF is to address challenges arising from measurement difficulties, system parameter uncertainties, and state–space model inaccuracies. Several studies have utilized the Kalman filter (KF) and extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithms to handle uncertainties in system parameters, corrupted measurements with unknown covariances, and incorrectly defined system modeling. Our work distinguishes itself by proposing a new approach that achieves lower error and deviation rates by combining the current Kalman estimation algorithm and the fading factor adaptive filter. To achieve this goal, we transformed the KF into an adaptive KF by introducing a forgetting factor, and the algorithm was subsequently reconfigured to calculate an optimized forgetting factor. In this study, we conducted simulations and measurements using both linear and nonlinear systems. The linear system represents the motion of an object, and the simulation involved measurements from the inertial navigation system (INS) sensor, specifically the Pololu IMU01b three-axis inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor. We employed the SDI33 system with 9 degrees of freedom (DoF) mounted on a three-axis rotary table for the nonlinear system. This system simulates a missile as a 4th-order nonlinear system. Our findings demonstrate that the proposed LERAFKF filter outperforms KF and EKF in estimating system states, particularly in measurement-related error scenarios. Mean square error analysis further confirmed that LERAFKF exhibited the lowest error values, showcasing superior performance over KF and EKF in linear and nonlinear systems.
A comprehensive power quality confidence evaluation method for microgrid based on Chebyshev inequality
Authors: Shi HongTao , Suo Zhongmei , Chen Tingting , Dong Xiaolin , Li Yuchao , Meng Xinxin
Published: June 2024

A reasonable assessment of microgrid power quality (MGPQ) is essential for ensuring the safe and stable operation of the system. However, due to the complex and variable operating conditions of microgrid (MG), the results of power quality (PQ) assessments are often discrete. Therefore, further research is needed to determine how to accurately estimate the overall PQ of a MG based on these discrete evaluation results. To address this issue, a model for evaluating MGPQ based on confidence estimation using Chebyshev inequality is proposed in this paper. Firstly, Chebyshev inequality is utilized to describe the discreteness of PQ evaluation results in MG. Secondly, the multi-scale adaptive phase number selection CRITIC method and probabilistic statistics method are employed to evaluate the PQ index of the MG under multiple working conditions. Furthermore, sample standard deviation (SD) is used to quantify the dispersion of evaluation results, and a 90% confidence level is used to estimate the confidence interval of multiple evaluation results. Finally, the example presented in this paper demonstrates that at least 90% probability exists for an evaluation result to fall within ±3.16 SDs from its mean. Compared with traditional methods, this paper comprehensively reflects the overall PQ status of MG from three aspects by considering index data characteristics, different time scales, and confidence intervals—providing clear and practical guidance for MG users and managers to ensure safe and stable operation of the MG.
Effects of stitching parameters on the flexural properties of stitched foam core sandwich composites
Authors: Rasouli Rizi Shekoufeh , Nosraty Hooshang , Mirdehghan Seyed Abolfazl
Published: June 2024

One of the primary challenges faced by sandwich composites is facesheet-core debonding, which can be mitigated through various techniques such as z-pinning and stitching through the thickness. This study investigates the impact of stitching on the bending behavior of sandwich composites comprising E-glass composite facesheets and a polyurethane foam core, employing experimental, numerical, and analytical methods. Specimens were stitched at three stitch spacings of 0.5, 1, and 2 cm, with a stitch pitch of 0.8 cm and stitch seam angles of 0°, 90°, 0/90°, ±45°, 45°/90°, and ±60°. Analysis of facesheet bending stress, core shear stress, and bending rigidity of stitched specimens was conducted through three-point bending tests and compared with unstitched specimens. Results indicate that reducing stitch spacing, thereby increasing stitch density, improves bending strength, and the best bending behavior observed at ±45° stitch seam angles. Damage assessment revealed fractures and depression of the foam, wrinkles on the upper facesheet, and buckling failure of resin columns. Additionally, a theoretical model predicted bending rigidity, showing good agreement (4%–15%) with experimental data. Finite element analysis using the ABAQUS program validated the experimental results, suggesting numerical modeling as a viable method for predicting flexural properties of stitched foam core sandwich composites.
China Lending and the Political Economy of Leader Survival
Authors: Shea Patrick E. , Reinsberg Bernhard , Kern Andreas
Published: June 2024

What are the political implications of Chinese loans to borrowing countries? Our argument is that similar to other forms of international finance, loans from China provide leaders with additional resources to maintain their power. The nature of China’s lending practices—characterized by an absence of good governance conditions—offers a unique advantage to political leaders, allowing corrupt leaders who receive loans from China to stay in power for longer periods. To support this argument, we conducted an analysis of a dataset of 115 developing countries from 2000 to 2015, focusing on the relationship between Chinese loans and leaders' political survival. Our findings indicate that Chinese loans positively impact leader survival, with the strongest effects observed in more corrupt regimes. To address endogeneity concerns, we employ a shift-share instrumentation strategy and several additional tests. Our analysis underscores the importance of Chinese lending to both international and domestic politics.
Changes in the Perception of Cemeteries as Public Spaces – Swiss Cemetery Visitors From 2002 to 2021
Authors: Klingemann Harald
Published: June 2024

Background: A process of “emptying” can be observed in Swiss cemeteries. Urn burials are increasingly preferred to traditional interments, requiring much less space. Consequently, cemeteries are gradually transforming into park-like areas, triggering debates about proactive ways to use them as public spaces, rather than mourning sites. Objectives and Method: The study presented here probes for changes in the public perception of Bern cemeteries during the last two decades. The long-term analysis is based on a secondary analysis of interviews with 383 cemetery visitors in 2002 and a representative survey among 519 inhabitants of the city of Bern. Results: Tolerance for alternative land use increased further: Motivations for cemetery visits have shifted with a decline from 80% who mentioned ‘grave visit’ to 63% in 2021; ‘leisurely walk’ increased from 63% to 83%. High satisfaction with what cemeteries have to offer is mirrored in high values for perceived restorativeness in 2021.
Popular humanism as new religious movement: The case of Taiwan
Authors: TING Jen-Chieh
Published: June 2024

I see the emerging new religious groups in Taiwan as an emerging form of popularism in its encounter with the post-colonial situation. This scenario differs greatly from Western new religious movements, where new religion lies outside culturally established religious traditions, and it is also distinct from other Eastern traditions, such as those found in Japan, where traditionally elite and popular traditions have a larger social and mental distance from each other. In the complex Chinese cultural and historical tradition, there exists a deeper interpenetrating elite-popular relationship, therefore determining a different route for religious phenomena. I use the term ‘popular humanism’ to label this trend in contemporary Taiwan. Finally, I use two axes to codify the emerging Taiwanese new religions, ‘methods in popular humanism’ and ‘institutional framing’, mapping the key new religious movements of Taiwan within these axes to localise each group and their mutual positions.
Response
Authors: Michelman Frank I
Published: June 2024

This response to commentaries composing a symposium on my book ‘Constitutional Essentials: On the Constitutional Theory of Political Liberalism’ (2022) includes restatements of some major themes from the book, as prompted by thoughts from the commentators.
Political legitimacy in Rawls’ early and late political liberalism – Two diverging interpretations
Authors: Langvatn Silje A
Published: June 2024

This article assesses Frank I. Michelman’s constitution-centered and proceduralist interpretation of Rawls’ conception of political legitimacy and argues that it merits attention because it highlights the institutional aspects of Rawls’ understanding of political legitimacy for constitutional democracies. However, the article also questions Michelman’s interpretation of Rawls’ ‘liberal principle of legitimacy’ (LPL) and the later ‘idea of political legitimacy based on the criterion of reciprocity’ (ILBR). As Michelman rightly points out, for the exercise of political power to be legitimate in a constitutional democracy, it must be in accordance with a constitution that is itself legitimate or reasonably acceptable to free and equal citizens. Yet, the article argues that Rawls’ two legitimacy formulations are attempts to make an additional point: Namely that when democratic citizens exercise political power in ‘the fundamental political issues’, or in issues that shape the basic justice of society or the essentials of the constitution itself, they must respect the ideal of public reason – or ensure themselves and other citizens that their exercise of political power is in accordance with the underlying basic political-moral ideas of persons and society that make the constitution itself acceptable to them. The LPL and the ILBR are conceptions of political legitimacy, not in the sense of setting up a criterion for when a specific law is legitimate, but in the sense of outlining civic or “office-specific” constraints that citizens and public officials must put on their reasoning and exercise of political power in the fundamental political issues for the practice of a constitutional democracy to be legitimate, or well-ordered, reasonably just, and stable for the right reasons – in the long run. The article also discusses why Rawls saw the need to reformulate the LPL, and how the later ILBR assigns a new significance to citizens’ actual use of public reason and their intersubjective deliberation.
Concurrent veno-pulmonary extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulation with ProtekDuo parallel to an in situ veno-pulmonary single-lumen cannula
Authors: Maybauer Marc O. , Rackauskas Mindaugas , Brewer J. Michael , Becker Torben K.
Published: June 2024

This technical report describes the successful transition from dual lumen, single site veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ((dl)V-V ECMO) to single lumen, dual site veno-pulmonary (V-P) ECMO, and subsequently to dual lumen, single site (dl)V-P ECMO involving temporary placement of two cannulas in the main pulmonary artery. No complications were observed during these transitions. This technique could address concerns related to cannula exchanges in VP ECMO. However, caution is warranted and constant monitoring of cannula position using real-time imaging is required when using this technique due to the risk profile.
Chronic venous disease of lower limbs in young men at high-altitude: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Jiang Li , Wang Jun , Ma Lihong , Liu Shunbi , Li Yunming , Ding Sheng , Yang Xuelin , Liu Yuanzhang , He Siyi , Yan Hongtao
Published: June 2024

Objectives

The aim of this study was to understand the prevalence of chronic venous disease (CVD) of lower limbs in young men at high-altitude in Xizang, and to provide prevention measures.

Methods

The convenient sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among males aged 18 to 40 above an altitude of 3000 meters in Xizang in April 2023. The contents of the questionnaire included basic information, symptoms of CVD of lower limbs, protection status and training needs. Multivariate logistic regression model was calculated to evaluate the risk factors for CVD.

Results

A total of 350 survey questionnaires were received, and 326 valid samples were collected. The prevalence of CVD of lower limbs (C1-C6) was 37.42% (95%CI: 32.17%–42.68%), the ratio of C0 to C5 were 62.58%, 27.30%, 3.07%, 4.60%, 2.15% and 0.31%, respectively, no one reached C6. The top three symptoms of CVD were lower limb fatigue (18.10%), heaviness (15.34%) and pain (13.19%). 46.01% of respondents were unaware of CVD, and 12.88% of respondents did not have any protective measures of CVD. Multivariate logistic regression showed that age (OR = 1.076, 95%CI: 1.018–1.137, p = .009), preference for spicy food (OR = 1.747, 95%CI: 1.083–2.818, p = .022), unbalanced diet (OR = 1.877, 95%CI: 1.049–3.358, p = .034) and physical exercise (OR 0.610, 95%CI: 0.377–0.986, p = .044) were the independent risk factors for CVD.

Conclusions

This study provided data on the prevalence of CVD in young men at high-altitude and the risk factors for CVD. The findings of this study may facilitate the development of individualized clinical assessments and targeted prevention programs.
Built Environment Influences on Active Travel in the Twin Cities Region: Evidence from a Smartphone-Based Household Travel Survey
Authors: Mansfield Theodore , Ehrlich Jonathan , Zmud Johanna , Lee Michelle
Published: June 2024

Compelling evidence links the built environment to active transportation behaviors. However, prevailing studies often rely on relatively coarse characterizations of the built environment to explore relationships between the built environment and active transportation, such as using respondent home locations alone to calculate built environment measures. This study leveraged detailed location information that was collected using a smartphone-based travel survey in the Twin Cities metropolitan region to better understand the associations between built environment factors and active transportation behaviors. We found that using built environment variables calculated across all locations visited by survey respondents over a 7-day survey window strengthened associations between active transportation and built environment measures. Including built environment measures calculated at all locations visited by a respondent (i.e., not just the home location) further strengthened these relationships. Further, we found that including built environment variables measured along trips (i.e., trace data collected while respondents were moving) revealed additional associations with variables describing the transportation system, such as the density of bicycle facilities. More broadly, this work demonstrates how routinely collected transportation data can be valuable to a diverse range of stakeholders including public health researchers and practitioners.
Evaluation of Driver Reaction to Disengagement of Advanced Driver Assistance System with Different Warning Systems While Driving Under Various Distractions
Authors: Shirani Niloufar , Song Yu , Wang Kai , Jackson Eric
Published: June 2024

Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) as a growing technology are expected to improve drivers’ performance by carrying out some of the drivers’ tasks and utilizing driver monitoring and warning systems to maintain their awareness. In this study, drivers’ reactions to the disengagement of ADAS and the effectiveness of steering wheel and face tracking warning systems were evaluated using driving simulation. The study was designed as a mixed design experiment to compare the effects of different types of driver monitoring and warning systems on driver response time, when drivers were driving under audio-, visual-, or no distraction. Data from 60 drivers were collected from the driving simulator experiments. In all experimental scenarios, the participant started driving on a long, straight highway segment and activated an ADAS, which was disengaged at the 11th min into the experiment without the driver’s knowledge. The driver’s response to the disengagement was collected and analyzed. A two-way mixed analysis of variance showed that the warning systems and distractions together affected drivers’ response times significantly. Moreover, post hoc test results showed that under the no distraction condition, the mean response time was lower when the face tracker alert was in use compared with no alert, and the response time was significantly lower when drivers were under audio distraction compared with visual or no distraction.
Design Indexes and Control Measure for Highway Subgrade Widening and Reconstruction: A Review and Prospect
Authors: Yongguo Fu , Xin Jiang , Hanyan Gu , Lei Zhang , Rong Sun , Mian Zhang , Yanjun Qiu
Published: June 2024

The flourishing subgrade widening and reconstruction is one of the important challenges facing the highway industry at present. In this paper, focusing on the research progress of highway subgrade widening and reconstruction, the existing classification methods of subgrade widening and reconstruction projects are comprehensively summarized to propose a new classification corresponding to the comprehensive design of subgrade and pavement. The design indexes and standards under different types of subgrade widening are systematically reviewed, and the corresponding main control measures are classified. Then the next research focus of the subgrade widening and reconstruction is proposed from the improvement of the design index system, the composition and calculation analysis of differential settlement, and the active adaptation of the pavement structure. This study is of great reference significance in guiding the scientific decision-making on design indexes, standards, and treatment measures for different types of subgrade widening and reconstruction.
Economic Impact of China’s High-Speed Railway on the Income Inequality in the Regions Along the Line
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Ying , Wu Yenchun Jim
Published: June 2024

China’s high-speed railways, as a vital channel for capital flow, have undergone substantial development over the past two decades, exerting a pivotal influence in stimulating economic growth, expediting information dissemination, and optimizing resource allocation. While high-speed rail demonstrates evident advantages across various domains, a pressing issue is how to achieve fairness in fostering widespread prosperity. Based on tournament theory and fairness theory, this study constructs two unfairness indicators at the enterprise level, namely, absolute income gap and relative income gap. The study delves into the relationship between high-speed rail and income inequality, leveraging a data set comprising Chinese A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2020. The results show that high-speed rail does not have an immediate effect but gradually narrows income gaps as service frequency increases. Moreover, transportation infrastructure and the economic environment are inseparable. We found that the impact of high-speed rail is weakened by economic uncertainty. Furthermore, this study unveils that the opening of high-speed rail and its service frequency exhibit both synergistic and complementary effects. This study not only enriches the research on the external governance of high-speed rail but also provides evidence-based measures for achieving relative fairness.
Association of Patient Satisfaction 2 Years After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome With Minimum 10-Year Patient-Reported Outcomes and Survivorship
Authors: Gilat Ron , Alvero Alexander B. , Vogel Michael J. , Nho Shane J.
Published: June 2024

Background:

Previous studies have shown that short-term outcomes after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) predict midterm outcomes, but a limited number of studies have evaluated whether short-term outcomes predict long-term outcomes and survivorship.

Purpose:

To evaluate whether achieving clinically significant outcomes at 2 years after hip arthroscopy for FAIS can predict patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and survivorship at 10 years.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Patients who underwent primary hip arthroscopy for FAIS between June 2012 and December 2012 with a minimum 10-year follow-up were identified. Using previously established thresholds, we classified patients who achieved the 2-year Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) for the visual analog scale (VAS) for satisfaction as the high satisfaction group and patients who did not as the low satisfaction group. Minimum 10-year PROs were then compared between the groups, including scores for the Hip Outcome Score (HOS)–Activities of Daily Living and –Sports Specific, the modified Harris Hip Score, the VAS for pain, and the VAS for satisfaction. Reoperation-free survivorship was compared.

Results:

Of 120 eligible consecutive patients, 85 patients were included (70.8% follow-up rate), of whom 61.2% were female. The mean age was 34.0 ± 12.8 years, and the mean body mass index was 25.4 ± 4.6. Of the 85 patients, 29 (34.1%) did not achieve PASS for the VAS for satisfaction at 2 years postoperatively compared with 56 (65.9%) who did. The low satisfaction group had significantly worse acetabular chondral grades at the time of surgery ( P = .008). At minimum 10-year follow-up, the high satisfaction group showed significantly better HOS-Activities of Daily Living, HOS-Sports Specific, modified Harris Hip Score, VAS pain, and VAS satisfaction scores ( P≤ .031). Compared with the low satisfaction group, the high satisfaction group had a significantly lower rate of secondary surgery (1.8% vs 24.1%, respectively; P = .002).

Conclusion:

Patients who achieved PASS for the VAS for satisfaction at 2 years after hip arthroscopy demonstrated superior minimum 10-year outcomes compared with patients who did not, including greater PRO scores and a higher survivorship rate. The high satisfaction group had lower grade acetabular cartilage damage at the time of surgery compared with those who did not achieve PASS for the VAS for satisfaction at 2 years.
Clinical Guidelines for the Treatment of Depressive Disorders VI. Special Populations
Authors: Thorpe Lilian , Whitney Diane K , Kutcher Stanley P , Kennedy Sidney H ,   The CANMAT Depression Work Group
Published: June 2024

Background: The Canadian Psychiatric Association and the Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments partnered to produce clinical guidelines for psychiatrists for the treatment of depressive disorders.

Methods: A standard guidelines development process was followed. Relevant literature was identified using a computerized Medline search supplemented by review of bibliographies. Operational criteria were used to rate the quality of scientific evidence. and the line of treatment recommendations included consensus clinical opinion. This section, “Special Populations, ” is I of 7 articles that were drafted and reviewed by clinicians. Revised drafts underwent national and international expert peer review.

Results: This section reports on the prevalence, course, and outcome of depression for specific populations. Psychological, pharmacologic, and other biological treatment options for these populations—children and adolescents, the elderly, women at times of increased risk within the reproductive cyde, and specific ethnocultural groups—are critically evaluated.

Conclusions: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is prevalent across the lifespan. In general, clinical presentations are more similar than different across age, sex, and cultural divides. Although less evidence is available for the efficacy of treatments in these subpopulations than in mid-life patients, comparable rates of response for pharmacotherapies, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and, in some cases, evidence-based psychotherapies have been reported.
Clinical Guidelines for the Treatment of Depressive Disorders VII. Comorbidity
Authors: Enns Murray W , Swenson J Robert , McIntyre Roger S , Swinson Richard P , Kennedy Sidney H ,   The CANMAT Depression Work Group
Published: June 2024

Background: The Canadian Psychiatric Association and the Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments partnered to produce clinical guidelines for psychiatrists for the treatment of depressive disorders.

Methods: A standard guidelines development process was followed. Relevant literature was identified using a computerized Medline search supplemented by review of bibliographies. Operational criteria were used to rate the quality of scientific evidence, and the line of treatment recommendations included consensus clinical opinion. This section, on Axis I, Axis II, and Axis III comorbidity, is 1 of 7 articles that were drafted and reviewed by clinicians. Revised drafts underwent national and international expert peer review.

Results: Comorbid depression on Axis I is particularly prevalent in patients with anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, and eating disorders, but it also occurs in patients with schizophrenia, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and dementia. Depressive comorbidity has implications for assessment, management, and outcome. The relation between depression and personality disorders is complex. Patients with this comorbidity often require longer, more intense, and multimodal therapies. Depression is also prevalent in medical illnesses, requires careful diagnosis, and responds to standard antidepressant treatments.

Conclusions: Comorbidity can influence the course and outcome of both associated conditions. Depression-specific psychotherapy and/or pharmacotherapy should be considered when comorbid depression is diagnosed.
Advancing Intra and Inter-City Urban Digital Twins: An Updated Review
Authors: Wu Tim Guangyu , Guan ChengHe
Published: June 2024

Urban digital twins (UDTs) hold promise for solving complex urban problems. However, the current research landscape is fragmented and lacks clarity. This article aims to (1) promote consensus on UDT definition and illustrate their development from domain-specific to intra-city and inter-city models; (2) synthesize current applications to uncover untapped potential; (3) categorize challenges into a triangulated framework and report the latest progress; and (4) discuss standardization and emerging opportunities in technology. This review advocates establishing comprehensive databases, exploring cross-domain interactions, and enhancing human-AI collaboration. Ultimately, it envisions UDTs as central to advancing sustainability and livability in future urban planning.
More than Analytics: Five Approaches to Educating Professionals to Shape Today’s Digital Cities
Authors: Clayton Paige , Goodspeed Robert , Green Jamaal , Lassiter Allison , Riggs William , Wilson Bev
Published: June 2024

In the last two decades, a variety of digital technologies have proliferated in cities. Urban planning educators must respond to this given local resources, constraints, and options. This commentary reviews curricular innovations being undertaken by planning faculty at five diverse institutions to advance pedagogy beyond analytics. Our contribution is to identify three general approaches to expand teaching on digital technologies: (1) undertake reforms within accredited planning programs, (2) develop new educational offerings, and (3) teach through engaged learning programs. We urge broader curricular innovation in the planning field to ensure the field’s relevance and impact in an increasingly technical future.