bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High Entropy Alloys Mined From Binary Phase Diagrams
Authors: Qi Jie , Cheung Andrew M. , Poon S. Joseph
Published: October 2019

High entropy alloys (HEA) are a new type of high-performance structural material. Their vast degrees of compositional freedom provide for extensive opportunities to design alloys with tailored properties. However, compositional complexities present challenges for alloy design. Current approaches have shown limited reliability in accounting for the compositional regions of single solid solution and composite phases. For the first time, a phenomenological method analysing binary phase diagrams to predict HEA phases is presented. The hypothesis is that the HEA structural stability is encoded within the phase diagrams. Accordingly, we introduce several phase-diagram inspired parameters and employ machine learning (ML) to classify 600+ reported HEAs based on these parameters. Compared to other large database statistical prediction models, this model gives more detailed and accurate phase predictions. Both the overall HEA prediction and specifically single-phase HEA prediction rate are above 80%. To validate our method, we demonstrated its capability in predicting HEA solid solution phases with or without intermetallics in 42 randomly selected complex compositions, with a success rate of 81%. The presented search approach with high predictive capability can be exploited to interact with and complement other computation-intense methods such as CALPHAD in providing an accelerated and precise HEA design.
Effect of third- and fourth-line systemic therapies for metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Naito Sei , Ichiyanagi Osamu , Kato Tomoyuki , Kanno Hidenori , Narisawa Takafumi , Kurokawa Masayuki , Ushijima Masaki , Ozawa Michinobu , Yagi Mayu , Kurota Yuta , Fukuhara Hiroki , Yamagishi Atsushi , Sakurai Toshihiko , Nishida Hayato , Kawazoe Hisashi , Yamanobe Takuya , Tsuchiya Norihiko
Published: October 2019

Data on the outcomes of third- or fourth-line therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) are limited. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of therapy beyond the second line. We retrospectively analysed data of mRCC patients who underwent systemic therapy at Yamagata University Hospital. The best objective response (BOR), response rate (RR), and progression-free survival (PFS) were assessed for each line of treatment. To investigate the correlation between overall survival (OS) and the number of treatment lines during a patient’s lifetime, the median OS was assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses. In the first-, second-, and third-line therapies, approximately 20% of patients had long PFS of >15 months. In targeted treatments beyond the third line, only one treatment suppressed disease progression for >10 months. Among patients who died during the follow-up period, those treated with triple and quadruple lines had similar OS (42.5 months vs. 48.4 months, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that patients with triple or more lines of therapy had better OS; however, quadruple or more lines of therapy was not an independent prognostic factor. We concluded that third-line systemic therapy could improve OS; however, fourth-line therapy could not.
Clonal pattern dynamics in tumor: the concept of cancer stem cells
Authors: Olmeda Fabrizio , Ben Amar Martine
Published: October 2019

We present a multiphase model for solid tumor initiation and progression focusing on the properties of cancer stem cells (CSC). CSCs are a small and singular cell sub-population having outstanding capacities: high proliferation rate, self-renewal and extreme therapy resistance. Our model takes all these factors into account under a recent perspective: the possibility of phenotype switching of differentiated cancer cells (DC) to the stem cell state, mediated by chemical activators. This plasticity of cancerous cells complicates the complete eradication of CSCs and the tumor suppression. The model in itself requires a sophisticated treatment of population dynamics driven by chemical factors. We analytically demonstrate that the rather important number of parameters, inherent to any biological complexity, is reduced to three pivotal quantities.Three fixed points guide the dynamics, and two of them may lead to an optimistic issue, predicting either a control of the cancerous cell population or a complete eradication. The space environment, critical for the tumor outcome, is introduced via a density formalism. Disordered patterns are obtained inside a stable growing contour driven by the CSC. Somewhat surprisingly, despite the patterning instability, the contour maintains its circular shape but ceases to grow for a typical size independently of segregation patterns or obstacles located inside.
Pig liver esterases PLE1 and PLE6: heterologous expression, hydrolysis of common antibiotics and pharmacological consequences
Authors: Zhou Qiongqiong , Xiao Qiling , Zhang Yongliang , Wang Xiliang , Xiao Yuncai , Shi Deshi
Published: October 2019

Carboxylesterases, historically referred as non-specific esterases, are ubiquitous hydrolases with high catalytic efficiency. Without exceptions, all mammalian species studied contain multiple forms of carboxylesterases. While having been widely studied in humans and experimental animals, these enzymes remain to be characterized in farm animals. In this study, we showed that pig liver esterase 1 (PLE1) and pig liver esterase 6 (PLE6) were highly active toward amoxicillin (AMO) and ampicillin (AMP), two major antibiotics that are widely used in food-supplements. Mass-spectrometric analysis established that the hydrolysis occurred at the β-lactam amide bond and the hydrolysis drastically decreased or completely eliminated the antibacterial activity. Furthermore, hydrolytic activity and proteomic analysis suggested that trace PLEs existed in pig plasma and contributed little to the hydrolysis of AMO and AMP. These results suggested that carboxylesterases-based hydrolysis determines the therapeutic intensity of these and related antibiotics and the magnitude of the determination occurs in a species-dependent manner.
Discovery of Deep-Water Bamboo Coral Forest in the South China Sea
Authors: Li Jianru , Wang Pinxian
Published: October 2019

A deep-water coral forest, characterized by slender and whip-shaped bamboo corals has been discovered from water depths of 1200–1380 m at the western edge of the Xisha (Paracel Islands) area in the South China Sea. The bamboo corals are often accompanied by cold-water gorgonian “sea fan” corals: Anthogorgia sp. and Calyptrophora sp., as well as assemblages of sponges, cirrate octopuses, crinoids and other animals. The coral density increased toward the shallower areas from 24.8 to 220 colonies per 100 m2 from 1380 m to 1200 m water depth. This is the first set of observations of deep-water bamboo coral forests in Southeast Asia, opening a new frontier for systematic, ecological and conservation studies to understand the deep-coral ecosystem in the region.
Silencing of Neuropilins and GIPC1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma exerts multiple cellular and molecular antitumor effects
Authors: Borchardt Hannes , Schulz Alexander , Datta Kaustubh , Muders Michael H. , Aigner Achim
Published: October 2019

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality, with new treatment options urgently needed. Neuropilins-1/-2 (NRP1, NRP2) are receptors for semaphorins and angiogenic growth factors, while the GAIP interacting protein C-terminus 1 (GIPC1, aka Synectin) interacts with the neuropilins. They are overexpressed in PDAC and associated with poor survival as well as tumor-promoting activities. Thus, neuropilin and/or GIPC1 silencing may inhibit PDAC growth. In this study, we directly compare the various tumor-inhibitory effects of transient RNAi-mediated depletion of NRP1, NRP2 and GIPC1, alone or in combination, in a set of cell lines with different expression levels. Inhibition of anchorage-dependent and –independent proliferation, colony formation and cell migration, alterations of 3D-spheroid size and shape as well as retardation of cell cycle and induction of apoptosis have been analyzed and found to vary between cell lines. The observed effects are independent of initial expression levels. Knocking down NRP1, NRP2, and GIPC1 alone demonstrates significant effects. Only small additive effects upon combined knockdown and no counter-upregulation of the respective other genes could be detected. Making the study more translational, we show that systemic treatment of PDAC xenograft-bearing mice with polymeric nanoparticles for delivery of specific siRNAs results in tumor inhibition, reduces proliferation, and induces apoptosis. In conclusion, NRP and GIPC1 inhibition emerges as a promising avenue in PDAC treatment due to pleiotropic tumor-inhibitory effects.
Lipidomic signatures of aortic media from patients with atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic aneurysms
Authors: Saito Kosuke , Yagi Hiroaki , Maekawa Keiko , Nishigori Mitsuhiro , Ishikawa Masaki , Muto Sayaka , Osaki Tsukasa , Iba Yutaka , Minatoya Kenji , Ikeda Yoshihiko , Ishibashi-Ueda Hatsue , Ogino Hitoshi , Sasaki Hiroaki , Matsuda Hitoshi , Saito Yoshiro , Minamino Naoto
Published: October 2019

Aortic aneurysms are associated with fatal aortic rupture. Current therapeutic approaches are limited to implantation of aortic prostheses and stent-grafts; no effective drugs are available because the pathogenic mechanisms of aortic aneurysms remain unclear. Here, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the initiation and progression of aortic aneurysm by lipidomics. We performed lipidomics analyses of lipids in the aortic media of normal, border, and aneurysm areas from patients with thoracic atherosclerotic aortic aneurysm (N = 30), thoracic nonatherosclerotic aortic aneurysm (N = 19), and abdominal atherosclerotic aortic aneurysm (N = 11) and from controls (N = 8) using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Significant alterations were observed in the lipid profiles of patients with atherosclerotic aortic aneurysms and to a lesser extent in those with nonatherosclerotic aneurysms. Increased triacylglycerols (TGs) and decreased ether-type phosphatidylethanolamines (ePEs) were observed throughout the normal, border, and aneurysm areas of thoracic and abdominal atherosclerotic aortic aneurysms. Prostaglandin D2 increased, but ePEs and TGs decreased in normal areas of thoracic atherosclerotic aortic aneurysms and thoracic nonatherosclerotic aortic aneurysms compared with the control tissues. These findings expand our knowledge of metabolic changes in aortic aneurysms and provide insights into the pathophysiology of aortic aneurysms.
High Thermal Stability Apatite Phosphors Ca2La8(SiO4)6O2:Dy3+/Sm3+ for White Light Emission: Synthesis, Structure, Luminescence Properties and Energy Transfer
Authors: Liu Ning , Mei Lefu , Liao Libing , Fu Jie , Yang Dan
Published: October 2019

What ideal w-LED phosphors always aim to do is to achieve a single phase near-sunlight emission phosphor simultaneously with both high luminescence efficiency and high thermal stability at operation temperature. And It is well known that apatite compound phosphors are one of the most promising optical materials to realize those above because of their unique structure enhanced luminescence properties and thermal stability. Here, we synthesized a co-doped single phase apatite phosphors Ca2La8(SiO4)6O2:Dy3+/Sm3+ (CLSO:Dy3+/Sm3+) for white light emission, which was provided with excellent thermal stability and of which luminescence intensity at 150 °C still was 92 percentage of that at room temperature. Moreover, X-ray diffraction technique, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope were employed to characterization of phase structure and morphology, and consequently pure apatite structure and gravel-like morphology of phosphors were proved. Analysis of photoluminescence spectra indicated that concentration quenching effect exist in single-doped CLSO:Dy3+ phosphors owing to dipole-dipole interaction between Dy3+ ions. It is revealed that maybe exist Dy3+ ↔ Sm3+ bilateral non-radiative energy transfer processes in Dy3+/Sm3+ co-doped CLSO system by PL spectra and decay curves. And variation of Sm3+ ion concentration can control color emission, namely CIE chromaticity coordinates and correlated color temperature, finally to achieve white light emission (0.309,0.309) with CCT 6848 K, able to be a potential candidate for commercial lighting applications.
DNA amplification with in situ nucleoside to dNTP synthesis, using a single recombinant cell lysate of E. coli
Authors: Loan Thomas D. , Easton Christopher J. , Alissandratos Apostolos
Published: October 2019

Nucleic acid amplification (NAA) is a cornerstone of modern molecular and synthetic biology. Routine application by non-specialists, however, is hampered by difficulties with storing and handling the requisite labile and expensive reagents, such as deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) and polymerases, and the complexity of protocols for their use. Here, a recombinant E. coli extract is reported that provides all the enzymes to support high-fidelity DNA amplification, and with labile dNTPs generated in situ from cheap and stable deoxynucleosides. Importantly, this is obtained from a single, engineered cell strain, through minimal processing, as a lysate capable of replacing the cold-stored commercial reagents in a typical PCR. This inexpensive preparation is highly active, as 1 L of bacterial culture is enough to supply ~106 NAA reactions. Lyophilized lysate can be used after a single-step reconstitution, resulting overall in a greatly simplified workflow and a promising synthetic biology tool, in particular for applications such as diagnostics.
Quasi-hydrostatic equation of state of silicon up to 1 megabar at ambient temperature
Authors: Anzellini Simone , Wharmby Michael T. , Miozzi Francesca , Kleppe Annette , Daisenberger Dominik , Wilhelm Heribert
Published: October 2019

The isothermal equation of state of silicon has been determined by synchrotron x-ray diffraction experiments up to 105.2 GPa at room temperature using diamond anvil cells. A He-pressure medium was used to minimize the effect of uniaxial stress on the sample volume and ruby, gold and tungsten pressure gauges were used. Seven different phases of silicon have been observed along the experimental conditions covered in the present study.
Using high-throughput sequencing to explore the anti-inflammatory effects of α-mangostin
Authors: Yin Peng , Zou Wenshu , Li Jiandong , Jin Na , Gao Qian , Liu Fenghua
Published: October 2019

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) causes an inflammatory response, and α-mangostin (α-MG) is an ingredient of a Chinese herbal medicine with anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated the mechanism by which α-MG reduces LPS-stimulated IEC-6 cells inflammation. A genome-wide examination of control, LPS-stimulated, and α-MG-pretreated cells was performed with the Illumina Hiseq sequencing platform, and gene expression was verified with quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Among the 37,199 genes profiled, 2014 genes were regulated in the LPS group, and 475 genes were regulated in the α-MG group. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that they were mainly related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Based on the transcriptomic results, we constructed a rat model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with LPS and investigated the effects of α-MG on NLRP3 inflammasomes. After LPS stimulation, the rat intestinal villi were significantly detached, with congestion and hemorrhage; the intestinal epithelial cell nuclei were deformed; and the mitochondria were swollen. However, after pretreatment with α-MG, the intestinal villus congestion and hemorrhage were reduced, the epithelial nuclei were rounded, and the mitochondrial morphology was intact. qPCR and western blotting were used to detect NLRP3, caspase 1, interleukin (IL)-18, and IL-1β expression at the gene and protein levels. Their expression increased at both the transcript and protein levels after LPS stimulation, whereas it decreased after pretreatment with α-MG. This study provides new methods and ideas for the treatment of inflammation. α-MG may have utility as a drug for intestinal inflammation.
Rapid Effect of Nitrogen Supply for Soybean at the Beginning Flowering Stage on Biomass and Sucrose Metabolism
Authors: Zhou Hongli , Yao Xingdong , Zhao Qiang , Zhang Wei , Zhang Bo , Xie Futi
Published: October 2019

Nitrogen application at the beginning flowering stage (R1 stage) increased the soybean grain yield, however, the rapid effect of enriched nitrogen at R1 growth stage on soybean dry matter accumulation and sugar metabolism is still unclear. Continuous high nitrogen (CHN), Continuous low nitrogen (CLN), Enriched nitrogen supply at R1 stage (ENS) treatments were applied on two soybean cultivars (Liaodou11, Liaodou14), to investigate the effect of enriched nitrogen on plant biomass accumulation and sucrose metabolism. After 12 h of ENS treatment, the root/shoot rate of both cultivars were lower than that of CLN, but at 24 h it was no significant difference between ENS and CLN. Enriched N at R1 stage, soybean kept a balance of sucrose synthesis and decomposition in leaf by affecting sucrose synthetase (SS) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activities. Under N limitation condition the plant dry matter accumulation supported root growth priority. Enriched N at R1 stage resulted in the rapid shoot biomass accumulation. In high yield cultivar, the shoot growth was priority to root growth, the common yield cultivar was on the contrary. Our result suggest that enrich N at R1 stage resulted in the accumulation of biomass in shoot rapidly.
Fiber optic sensor based on ZnO nanowires decorated by Au nanoparticles for improved plasmonic biosensor
Authors: Kim Hyeong-Min , Park Jae-Hyoung , Lee Seung-Ki
Published: October 2019

Fiber-optic-based localized surface plasmon resonance (FO-LSPR) sensors with three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures have been developed. These sensors were fabricated using zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for highly sensitive plasmonic biosensing. The main achievements in the development of the biosensors include: (1) an extended sensing area, (2) light trapping effect by nanowires, and (3) a simple optical system based on an optical fiber. The 3D nanostructure was fabricated by growing the ZnO nanowires on the cross-section of optical fibers using hydrothermal synthesis and via immobilization of AuNPs on the nanowires. The proposed sensor outputted a linear response according to refractive index changes. The 3D FO-LSPR sensor exhibited an enhanced localized surface plasmon resonance response of 171% for bulk refractive index changes when compared to the two-dimensional (2D) FO-LSPR sensors where the AuNPs are fixed on optical fiber as a monolayer. In addition, the prostate-specific antigen known as a useful biomarker to diagnose prostate cancer was measured with various concentrations in 2D and 3D FO-LSPR sensors, and the limits of detection (LODs) were 2.06 and 0.51 pg/ml, respectively. When compared to the 2D nanostructure, the LOD of the sensor with 3D nanostructure was increased by 404%.
Antimicrobial Efficacy Assessment of Human Derived Composite Amnion-Chorion Membrane
Authors: Palanker Nathan D. , Lee Chun-Teh , Weltman Robin L. , Tribble Gena D. , van der Hoeven Ransome , Hong Jianming , Wang Bingyan
Published: October 2019

Human derived composite amnion-chorion membrane (ACM) has been used to facilitate wound healing due to reported anti-inflammatory properties and promotion of cell proliferation. This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial properties of the ACM using novel methods to visualize the antimicrobial efficacy of membranes in situ at different time points. Porcine Pericardium Collagen Membranes (PPCM) served as membrane controls. Circular pieces of the membranes were used in three different assays: insert, agar contact and glass-bottom well assays. Streptococcus gordonii were spotted onto the membranes and the plates were subsequently centrifuged to ensure direct bacterial contact with the membranes in the insert and agar contact assays, thus better mimicking bacterial adherence in the oral cavity. After incubation at 37 °C for 8, 24, and 48 hours, the membranes were dyed with the Live/Dead BacLight Bacterial Viability fluorescence stain and analyzed via confocal microscopy. The results demonstrated that the ACM completely inhibited bacterial growth at all time points, whereas the PPCM did not demonstrate any antimicrobial properties. Within the limits of this study, the ACM showed extremely high antimicrobial efficacy against oral streptococci. In addition, our methods may be useful in assessing antimicrobial properties for biomaterials with minimum diffusion ability, when traditional assessment methods are not applicable.
High plasma level of S100A8/S100A9 and S100A12 at admission indicates a higher risk of death in septic shock patients
Authors: Dubois Christelle , Marcé Dominique , Faivre Valérie , Lukaszewicz Anne-Claire , Junot Christophe , Fenaille François , Simon Stéphanie , Becher François , Morel Nathalie , Payen Didier
Published: October 2019

Biomarkers in sepsis for severity, prediction of outcome or reversibility of organ dysfunction are warranted. Measurements of plasma DAMP levels at admission can reflect the severity of cellular damage in septic shock, which might predict the prognosis and reduce the risk of overtreating patients with costly therapies. We measured plasma levels of two DAMPs, S100A8/S100A9 and S100A12 during the first 24 h of admission of septic shock patients. Forty-nine septic shock patients with a similar SOFA scores were selected from our sepsis database to compare a similar proportion of survivors and non-survivors. Plasma levels of S100A8/S100A9 and S100A12 were compared with healthy volunteers using in-house ELISA. Plasma levels of S100A8/S100A9 and S100A12 (5.71 [2.60–13.63] µg/mL and 0.48 [0.22–1.05] µg/mL) were higher in septic shock patients than in healthy volunteers (1.18 [0.74–1.93] µg/mL and 0.09 [0.02–0.39] µg/mL) (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0030). Levels of S100A8/S100A9 and S100A12 in non-survivors at day 28 (11.70 [2.85–24.36] µg/mL and 0.62 [0.30–1.64] µg/mL) were significantly higher than in survivors (4.59 [2.16–7.47] µg/mL and 0.30 [0.20–0.49] µg/mL) (P = 0.0420 and P = 0.0248) and correlated well (Spearman r = 0.879, P < 0.0001). The high level of plasma calgranulins at admission in septic shock, were higher in non-survivors compared to survivors. These markers could indicate a higher risk of death when SOFA scores are similar and help the stratification of patients for improved care and therapy selection.
Atypical Social Rank Recognition in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Ogawa Shino , Iriguchi Mayuko , Lee Young-A , Yoshikawa Sakiko , Goto Yukiori
Published: October 2019

Social animals, including humans, structure social groups where social hierarchy exists. Recognizing social rank of other group members is a crucial ability to subsist in such environments. Here we show preliminary evidence with a relatively small number of samples that children with autism spectrum disorder, a neurodevelopmental disorder involving social dysfunction, exhibit atypical, and more robust recognition of social rank than normal children, which may be developed to compensate deficits of the neural systems processing social information.
A novel rhodamine-based Hg2+ sensor with a simple structure and fine performance
Authors: Hong Miaomiao , Chen Yufen , Zhang Yuping , Xu Dongmei
Published: October 2019

Hg2+ was reversibly detected by a simple and wonderful rhodamine-based spectral sensor.
Yolk–shell hierarchical catalyst with tremella-like molybdenum sulfide on transition metal (Co, Ni and Fe) sulfide for electrochemical water splitting
Authors: Yang Tao , Yin Lisi , He Maoshuai , Wei Wenxian , Cao Guojian , Ding Xinran , Wang Yihui , Zhao Ziming , Yu Tingting , Zhao Hong , Zhang Dongen
Published: October 2019

Tremella-like MoS2 nano-sheets were directly synthesized on transition metal sulfides, displaying extreme activities towards hydrogen/oxygen evolution in alkaline condition.
Asymmetric aerobic oxidation of secondary alcohols catalyzed by poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)-stabilized gold clusters modified with cyclodextrin derivatives
Authors: Hirano Koto , Takano Shinjiro , Tsukuda Tatsuya
Published: October 2019

Surface modification of poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)-stabilized gold clusters (1.8 ± 0.6 nm) with aminated cyclodextrins induced aerobic oxidative kinetic resolution of racemic secondary alcohols (krel = 1.2).
Direct synthesis of dialkylarylvinylsilane derivatives: metathesis of dialkylaryl-iso-propenylsilane and its application to tetracyclic silacycle dye synthesis
Authors: Yoshioka Shohei , Takehara Tsunayoshi , Matsuzaki Tsuyoshi , Suzuki Takeyuki , Tsujino Hirofumi , Uno Tadayuki , Tsutsumi Yasuo , Murai Kenichi , Fujioka Hiromichi , Arisawa Mitsuhiro
Published: October 2019

The metathesis of dialkylarylvinylsilane, which has not been accomplished to date, is achieved using dialkylaryl-iso-propenylsilane as a substrate.
A dual-zwitterion functionalized ultra-hydrophilic metal–organic framework with ingenious synergy for enhanced enrichment of glycopeptides
Authors: Li Dapeng , Zhang Jinghui , Xie Guangshan , Ji Fenfen , Shao Xiaojian , Zhu Lin , Cai Zongwei
Published: October 2019

A rational strategy was introduced for the synthesis of a novel dual functionalized metal–organic framework nanocomposite (AuGC/ZIF-8) with ultra-hydrophilicity to enhance glycopeptide enrichment.
Transfer-dehydrogenation of secondary alcohols catalyzed by manganese NNN-pincer complexes
Authors: Budweg Svenja , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias
Published: October 2019

Novel catalytic systems based on pentacarbonylmanganese bromide and stable NNN-pincer ligands are presented for the transfer-dehydrogenation of secondary alcohols to give the corresponding ketones in good to excellent isolated yields.
Preparation of Co–Mo–O ultrathin nanosheets with outstanding catalytic performance in aerobic oxidative desulfurization
Authors: Dong Yilin , Zhang Jinhao , Ma Zihao , Xu Hui , Yang Huawei , Yang Lixia , Bai Liangjiu , Wei Donglei , Wang Wenxiang , Chen Hou
Published: October 2019

Ultrathin Co–Mo–O nanosheets were prepared as robust catalysts for aerobic oxidative desulfurization with O2 in air as the oxidant.
A novel method to engineer proteases for selective enzyme inhibition
Authors: Li Lingling , Shi Hai , Sheng Anzhi , Yang Yi , Shi Liu , Li Chao , Li Genxi
Published: October 2019

An engineered protease which is composed of a DNA aptamer, the protease itself and a nanoparticle core can specifically hydrolyze the captured protein.
Selective recognition of Fe3+ and CrO42− ions using a Zn(ii) metallacycle and a Cd(ii) coordination polymer and their heterogeneous catalytic application
Authors: Rani Pooja , Sharma Anjali , Husain Ahmad , Kumar Gulshan , Kaur Harpreet , Bhasin K. K. , Kumar Girijesh
Published: October 2019

A Zn(ii) metallacycle [Zn2{(L)2(DMF)2(NO3)2}]·(NO3)2 (1) along with a Cd(ii) coordination polymer [{Cd(L)2(DMF)2}·(NO3)2]n (2) have been synthesized, structurally characterized and exploited as a multifunctional material.
Potential hydrogen storage materials from metal decorated 2D-C2N: an ab initio study
Authors: Varunaa R. , Ravindran P.
Published: October 2019

Mg decoration enhanced H2 binding energy in 2D-C2N and found to be a promising H2 storage medium for mobile applications.
Thermodynamics of the formation of surface PtO2 stripes on Pt(111) in the absence of subsurface oxygen
Authors: Hanselman Selwyn , McCrum Ian T. , Rost Marcel J. , Koper Marc T. M.
Published: October 2019

This paper examines the thermodynamics of PtO2 stripes formed as intermediates of Pt(111) surface oxidation as a function of the degree of dilation parallel to the stripes, using density functional theory and atomistic thermodynamics.
Molecular dynamics simulations reveal how graphene oxide stabilizes and activates lipase in an anhydrous gas
Authors: Fu Zhongwang , Xu Weina , Chen Gong , Wang Zheyu , Lu Diannan , Wu Jianzhong , Liu Zheng
Published: October 2019

The interaction between Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) and graphene oxide (GO) in an anhydrous gas was studied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations augmented with a simulated annealing procedure to accelerate relaxation towards equilibrium.
Surface nanostructuring via femtosecond lasers
Authors: Li Mu-Tian , Liu Monan , Sun Hong-Bo
Published: October 2019

Periodical structures induced by pulsed lasers are a unique phenomenon when pulsed lasers irradiate on some material surfaces.
Rapid additive-free bacteria lysis using traveling surface acoustic waves in microfluidic channels
Authors: Lu Haiwei , Mutafopulos Kirk , Heyman John A. , Spink Pascal , Shen Liang , Wang Chaohui , Franke Thomas , Weitz David A.
Published: October 2019

We introduce a microfluidic device that uses traveling surface acoustic waves to lyse bacteria with high efficiency. This lysis method should be applicable to a wide range of bacteria species and can be modified to analyze individual bacteria cells.
Disruption of the Golgi apparatus mediates zinc deficiency-induced impairment of cognitive function in mice
Authors: Wu Hongrong , Zhao Jianfeng
Published: October 2019

Zinc ions act as a glue to maintain the normal morphology of the Golgi apparatus and mediate the vesicular trafficking of APP.
Green reusable Pd nanoparticles embedded in phytochemical resins for mild hydrogenations of nitroarenes
Authors: Enneiymy Mohamed , Le Drian Claude , Becht Jean-Michel
Published: October 2019

Reusable biosourced Pd NPs are prepared and used under environment-friendly conditions for mild and chemospecific hydrogenations of nitroarenes.
DBU-functionalized MCM-41-coated nanosized hematite (DBU-F-MCM-41-CNSH): a new magnetically separable basic nanocatalyst for the diastereoselective one-pot four-component synthesis of 2-(N-carbamoylacetamide)-substituted 2,3-dihydrothiophenes
Authors: Kordnezhadian Reza , Shekouhy Mohsen , Khalafi-Nezhad Ali
Published: October 2019

Conversion of DBU from a nonrecoverable liquid base to a magnetically separable solid catalyst and its application for the diastereoselective multicomponent synthesis of 2-(N-carbamoylacetamide)-substituted 2,3-dihydrothiophenes.
Characterization and manipulation of single nanoparticles using a nanopore-based electrokinetic tweezer
Authors: Yazbeck Rami , Alibakhshi Mohammad Amin , Von Schoppe Joseph , Ekinci Kamil L. , Duan Chuanhua
Published: October 2019

We developed a nanopore-based DC electrokinetic tweezer and demonstrated its great potential for single nanoparticle characterization and manipulation.
Synthesis of a well-defined alternating copolymer of 1,1-diphenylethylene and tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl substituted styrene by anionic copolymerization: toward tailored graft copolymers with controlled side chain densities
Authors: Goseki Raita , Zhang Fan , Takahata Kazuki , Uchida Satoshi , Ishizone Takashi
Published: October 2019

Well-defined alternating copolymers comprising 1,1-diphenylethylene (DPE) and styrene derivative having sterically bulky tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl group at the meta position (St-TBS) were successfully synthesized.
Numerical investigations of resistive wall wake potentials
Authors: Yaman F.
Published: October 2019

The aim of this Letter is to examine and identify longitudinal resistive wall wake potential behaviours of medium‐ long bunches and ultra‐relativistic short bunches using different beam and pipe properties for particle accelerator applications. The lack of detailed analysis in current literature for the chosen set of parameters ignites this work. Since computations of wake potentials for the considered beam parameters by particle‐in‐cell codes are extremely difficult the author uses an analytical approach. Numerical integrations are evaluated for large domains with fine discretisations. The author observes that conductivity of beam pipe has a larger impact on medium‐ long bunches, variation of beam velocity effects wakes of short bunches more significantly, beam radii changes may have a contribution to instability for low energy short bunches. Interesting numerical results are presented and their physical explanations are discussed in this Letter.
Spectral influence analysis on sunshine duration measurement
Authors: Chong Wei , Lyu Wenhua , Bian Zeqiang , Ding Lei , Li Songkui , Zeng Tao
Published: October 2019

Sunshine duration is an important variable in surface meteorological measurement. In this article, two methods for measuring sunshine duration are described, one is photovoltaic‐based instrument, which ranges from 400 to 1100 nm, and the other is thermopile‐based pyrheliometer, which ranges from 300 to 3000 nm. Due to the spectrum is more representative and accuracy for solar radiation, the pyrheliometer is recommended as the reference sensor for the detection of the threshold irradiance for defining the sunshine duration. The comparison between the photovoltaic‐ and thermopile‐based instruments is carried out to uncover the spectral influence on sunshine duration measurement, analysis by the SMARTS tool is presented to calculate irradiance with different spectral ranges under different altitudes.
Repenser la gestion des ravageurs du cotonnier en Afrique de l’Ouest
Authors: Brévault Thierry , Badiane Djibril , Goebel Régis , Renou Alain , Téréta Idrissa , Clouvel Pascal
Published: October 2019

Les insectes ravageurs représentent une contrainte majeure à l’augmentation du rendement en culture cotonnière en Afrique de l’Ouest. Les filières cotonnières se sont engagées, à des degrés divers, dans des démarches de gestion intégrée des ravageurs pour réduire l’utilisation des insecticides et limiter en amont les risques sanitaires et environnementaux. Toutefois, un changement fondamental des pratiques, au bénéfice de la stimulation des services de régulation naturelle des ravageurs, s’impose pour mettre au point des systèmes de production encore plus économes en pesticides et plus résilients. Les leviers permettant de stimuler les processus écologiques de régulation naturelle des ravageurs sont multiples et redevables d’actions à différentes échelles, du champ cultivé au territoire, mais nécessitent d’approfondir notre connaissance du système de vie des ravageurs et de leurs ennemis naturels. Ils nécessitent aussi une plus grande prise en compte de la perception et des pratiques des acteurs dans une approche participative de la gestion collective des ressources et des processus d’innovation. À terme, il s’agit de construire une organisation territorialisée d’actions individuelles et collectives de gestion des ravageurs et des services écosystémiques, incluant des dimensions écologiques, économiques et sociales.
Experimental studies on vegetable marrow seeds ozonation using laboratory equipment
Authors: Bogdanov Andrey V. , Evchenko Victoria V. , Popova Svetlana Yu.
Published: October 2019

A set of measures is taken to protect plants against various diseases and to prevent yield losses. One of the components of such actions is a pre-sowing seed treatment. One of the effective ways of pre-sowing treatment is seeds ozonization, which stimulates their germination and provides the prevention of plant diseases, hence this process increases the germination and the yield of agricultural crops. Our laboratory equipment was made to substantiate the ozonation regimes. Experimental studies on seeds ozonation were carried out for agricultural crop (the zucchini variety Zebra), which is widely used in Russia, particularly in the natural-climatic areas of the Urals. Taking into account that high ozone concentrations are dangerous to human health and life (to service personnel), pre-sowing seeds treatment was carried out at relatively safe concentrations (up to 10 mg/m3), paying attention to the tightness of the equipment. Ozone concentrations of 3 mg/m3, 6 mg/m3 and 9 mg/m3 and seed treatment time of 120 min, 240 min, 360 min and 480 min were chosen. The experimental studies have shown, that a rational regime of seeds treatment for obtaining the maximum germination (79.1%), is observed when ozone concentration is 9 mg/m3 and treatment time is 247.7 min. Thus, the developed laboratory equipment helps to determine the rational ozonation regimes for zucchini seeds. It can also be used to determine the rational ozonation regimes for seeds of other crops.
Engineering design of a grain silo and a bucket elevator for a combined unit for hopper preparation and seeding of grain crops
Authors: Nemtinov Kirill , Eruslanov Alexsey , Nemtinova Yulia
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we present the results of engineering design of components of a grain hopper and a bucket elevator for a combined unit for soil preparation and sowing of grain crops. The grain hopper has compartments for seeds and fertilizers. A coil-type metering device is also separated for seeds and fertilizers. The drive of the metering device for seeds and fertilizers is done by the rear wheels of the rolling device through a variator, which also serves to adjust seeds supply. On the same shaft with the metering device there is a sprocket, which transmits rotation moment to the bucket elevator through a chain of PR type. Due to special design characteristics of the grain hopper shape, seeds enter the coil type metering device by gravity. A similar operation is done for fertilizers. Portions of fertilizers and seeds fall into a small tank, joint for grain and fertilizers, from where the elevator's buckets deliver them to the distribution device. Seeds and fertilizer fall on the distributing device along the tray and then on rotating cone with blades, which uniformly distribute grain and fertilizers to all drill tubes. The developed units were organically included in the design of the entire combined unit. The obtained results allowed us to distinguish the following advantages of the developed designs of the hopper and the bucket elevator: a single metering unit for all sowing machines; easy access to the main units and mechanisms and their maintainability; ease of off-season maintenance; use of a large number of typical domestically produced units and mechanisms.
The results of studies of eccentric tillage roller
Authors: Sharonov Ivan , Kurdyumov Vladimir , Kurushin Viktor
Published: October 2019

Developed by eccentric tillage rink, which ensures the desired quality of the soil and increase the yield of crops. As a result of theoretical studies, an expression for determining the dynamic force that increases the intensity of crumbling soil lumps, depending on the regime parameters of the rink. In addition, the relationship between the power required when driving the rink, its parameters. The factors influencing the process of tillage by the developed roller are determined. As a criterion of optimization, the adopted coefficient of compliance with for the density soil of benchmark, which characterizes the quality of soil rolling from the position of compliance of soil density with agrotechnical requirements. As a result of experimental studies, the parameters and operating modes of the roller are optimized, at which the required quality of soil treatment is achieved.
Development prospects of mobile rice straw crushers
Authors: Masienko Ivan , Fedulenko Darya , Tatarintsev Valentin
Published: October 2019

The article presents an analysis of prospects of development of mobile crushers for utilization ofrice straw using the method of assessing engineering and technical significance of inventions. The method consists of study of retrospective patent fund for previous 10-15 years which allows to make forecast of possible ways of technology development for the next 10-15 years. Based on obtained data of a patent, there was designed the graph of change in level of prospects of combine harvesters and mobile crushers by years of research. The presented results of forecast data showed that development of mobile crushers is a promising trend.
Operational parameters and modes of rotary working body for harrowing crops
Authors: Serguntsov Alexander , Serguntsova Victoria , Malashikhin Nikolai
Published: October 2019

A rotary working body with evenly spaced needles along perimeter is a flat disk (rotating in longitudinal–vertical plane). The technological process of interaction with soil is that when rolling rotary disk in soil layer, needle is introduced into it, crushing and shifting soil in direction of rotation. The degree of soil loosening of freely rotating needle disk on axis in longitudinal–vertical plane depends on several parameters: diameter of a disk, number and shape of needles, speed of progressive motion, soil properties. There was made an analytical research of needle working bodies in terms of influence of sizes of disk and needles on process of their interaction with soil.
Study of the profile of a flat-cutting working body of a plough
Authors: Saprykin Eugeny A. , Gusak Evgeny S.
Published: October 2019

The work is devoted to the main tillage, namely the theoretical substantiation of the profile of a flat-cutting working body of a plough. The article has a research character, which is expressed in the fact that the theoretical analysis of the method of determining the angle of sharpening of soil–processing working bodies according to the degree of gradual wear of working bodies were shown in works on this problem. There was also substantiated the type of the proposed design, there were given its description and flow of a technological process. As a result of the work done, there were obtained the theoretical dependence of the sharpening angle of working bodies and influence of the degree of wear on traction resistance of an arable unit. The conclusions set out the main results achieved so far.
Promising technology for reusable harvesting tomatoes
Authors: Ablikov Viktor A. , Moiseev Viktor V. , Pomelyiko Sergey A.
Published: October 2019

The work is devoted to harvesting tomatoes both direct and reusable way. The article is of a research nature, which is expressed in the fact that there were shown the analysis of tomato harvesting of different varieties, as well as excerpts from the works of leading scientists on the problem, their shortcomings and ways of solving these problems were specified. The main tendency of equipment developments and updating of its design for improvement of quality characteristics of their work was defined. Also, there was given proof the type of the suggested design, its description and the flow of the technological process. As a result of the work done, the design of the device for reusable harvesting of tomatoes and nightshade vegetables with the suggested working elements is presented. The conclusions set out the main results achieved so far.
Elimination of gaseous emissions of the absorption process in formalin production by integrating a vortex-type direct-contact condenser into a traditional process flow scheme
Authors: Moskalev Leonid , Ponikarov Sergei
Published: October 2019

Currently, special consideration is given to environmental issues. Atmospheric pollution by gaseous emissions from industrial enterprises is caused by a variety of reasons, such as incomplete product yield, peculiarity of reaction behavior, or emissions resulting from the loss of the final product. This article describes gaseous emissions from the operation of the absorption plant for the production of industrial formalin. Various techniques for purifying gaseous emissions are shown. A modernized technological scheme model with an integrated vortex–type direct–contact condenser for absorbing methyl alcohol and formaldehyde vapors from contact gas is developed in the universal simulation package.This model enables the technological modes of industrial formalin production absorption processes to beselected. Ithas been revealed that the use of a vortex–type direct–contact condenser willminimize atmospheric emissions and increase resource efficiency. The magnitude of the difference between production data and calculated results for the proposed model turned out to be no more than 8%.
Evaluating Toxicological Properties of Claydite Gravel, Containing Ferrovanadium Production Sludge, by Method of Biotesting with the of Higher Plants
Authors: Starostina Irina , Vasilenko Tatyana , Simonov Michael , Pendurin Eugene
Published: October 2019

Recycling of sludge wastes, generated at industrial wastewater treatment and containing heavy metals, is a relevant and long-term task in building materials production. At that, the possibility of toxicants emission to the environment should be taken into account. This paper presents the findings of evaluating toxicological properties of artificial porous aggregates (claydite gravel), containing ferrovanadium production sludge, by means of using higher plants (Avena Sativa and Allium cepa) as test objects. It is demonstrated that adding sludge to the raw charge in amount up to 15% in the process of baking intensifies the melt formation with clay minerals, which contributes to the safe binding of heavy metals, reducing their diffusion to water media. Water extracts of the obtained claydite have no phytotoxic effect on higher plants.
Calculation of a packed column for absorption of hydrogen sulfur from gases formed by separation of crude oil
Authors: Golovanchikov A.B. , Churikova V.I. , Zalipaeva O.A.
Published: October 2019

According to the well-known calculating algorithm for the packed absorption column, the main technological parameters and geometric dimensions of the apparatus for hydrogen sulfide containing gases, formed during the separation of crude oil, are determined. A 2,5-n solution of monoethanolamine is selected as the absorbent. Comparative results of the calculations are showing, that the working pressure in the column should be 4 atm, since with their lower values, the flow rate of the absorbent and the size of the column are increasing. The increase in working pressure is impractical, since it will require a transition from centrifugal and compresses pumps to piston pumps. ∏ The obtained parameters were compared for an absorption column in which the flow structure of the gas and liquid phases corresponds to ideal displacement, with the calculation results when the flow structure in the gas phase corresponds to the ideal displacement mode (as in the standard calculation algorithm) and in the liquid phase to ideal mixing. It is shown that, with the Peclet number of longitudinal diffusion pe<40 the height and volume of the column increases by 10 and more percent and should be taken into account when packed columns, intended for absorption processes, are designed. At pe=30 the height and volume of the nozzle in the column increases by 27%. Another feature of the modelling and calculation of devices is a spike in concentration, meaning, that the lower part of the working line will cross the equilibrium. Calculations in thisparticular case show that at ≈ 11 the working line crosses the equilibrium and theoretically column height and volume →∞.
Alkaline treatment of pine nutshells to improve the treatment of model water from dye methylene blue
Authors: Sverguzova Svetlana , Shaikhiev Ildar , Voronina Julia , Doroganova Olga
Published: October 2019

In the article presented the data on the possibility of using crushed pine nutshell to extract methylene blue dye from aqueous solutions. In Russia, in Siberia, located up to 80% of the world's reserves of Siberian cedar pine. Up to 12 million tons of pine nuts can be acquired annually, when processed into kernels or cedar oil, pine nut shell is formed as a waste, representing 51-59% of the nut weight itself. Despite proposed technological options for usage of pine nutshells, the issue of disposal of this material has not been fully resolved. One of the alternative options for the disposal of pine shells is obtaining sorption material for the extraction of pollutants from aqueous media. To improve the cleaning efficiency, the pine shell was treated with 10% NaOH solution. It was found that processing pine nutshells with 10% NaOH solution for 5 minutes at a temperature of 25 °C gives an improvement in cleaningefficiency of 96%, and an increase in the temperature of NaOH solution up to 97%. The recommended particle size of the pine nuts shell is less than 2 mm.