bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discovery of Novaculina myanmarensis sp. nov. (Bivalvia: Pharidae: Pharellinae) closes the freshwater razor clams range disjunction in Southeast Asia
Authors: Bolotov Ivan N. , Vikhrev Ilya V. , Lopes-Lima Manuel , Lunn Zau , Chan Nyein , Win Than , Aksenova Olga V. , Gofarov Mikhail Yu. , Kondakov Alexander V. , Konopleva Ekaterina S. , Tumpeesuwan Sakboworn
Published: October 2018

The razor clam genus Novaculina represents an example of a marine-derived, secondary freshwater group. It was thought to comprise three species: N. gangetica (Ganges and smaller basins in Bangladesh and northwestern Myanmar), N. siamensis (Bang Pakong and Pasak rivers in Thailand and Mekong River in Vietnam), and N. chinensis (lower Yangtze River, China). Here we describe Novaculina myanmarensis sp. nov., an additional species from the Ayeyarwady and Salween basins representing a divergent lineage that appears to be sister to N. gangetica. This new record closes a Novaculina range disjunction between northwestern Myanmar and Thailand. The populations of this novel species share a shallow molecular divergence from each other indicating potential dispersal events between the two distant freshwater basins during the Late Pleistocene. Our ancestral area modeling suggests that the MRCA of Novaculina crown group was a salt-tolerant freshwater species. The recent Novaculina species most likely originated via allopatric speciation. Our findings highlight that generalist estuarine species could have played the role as a source for bivalve expansions into freshwater and that western Indochina is a separate biogeographic subregion, which is clearly distinct from India. A new synonymy is proposed as follows: Pharellinae Stoliczka, 1870 = Novaculininae Ghosh, 1920 syn. nov.
Genetic variation determines VEGF-A plasma levels in cancer patients
Authors: Innocenti Federico , Jiang Chen , Sibley Alexander B. , Etheridge Amy S. , Hatch Ace J. , Denning Stefanie , Niedzwiecki Donna , Shterev Ivo D. , Lin Jiaxing , Furukawa Yoichi , Kubo Michiaki , Kindler Hedy L. , Auman J. Todd , Venook Alan P. , Hurwitz Herbert I. , McLeod Howard L. , Ratain Mark J. , Gordan Raluca , Nixon Andrew B. , Owzar Kouros
Published: October 2018

Angiogenesis is essential in tumor biology and is regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ligands and receptors. Here we aimed to discover genetic variants associated with levels of circulating angiogenic proteins in cancer patients. Plasma was collected at baseline in 216 pancreatic and 114 colorectal cancer patients. Thirty-one angiogenic proteins were measured by ELISA. 484,523 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) were tested for association with plasma levels for each protein in pancreatic cancer patients. Three top-ranked hits were then genotyped in colorectal cancer patients, where associations with the same proteins were measured. The results demonstrated rs2284284 and MCP1 (P-value = 6.7e–08), rs7504372 and VEGF-C (P-value = 9.8e–09), and rs7767396 and VEGF-A (P-value = 5.8e–09) were SNP-protein pairs identified in pancreatic cancer patients. In colorectal cancer patients, only rs7767396 (A > G) and VEGF-A was validated (P-value = 5.18e–05). The AA genotype of rs7767396 exhibited 2.04–2.3 and 2.7–3.4-fold higher VEGF-A levels than those with AG and GG genotypes. The G allele of rs7767396 reduces binding of the NF-AT1 transcription factor. In conclusion, a common genetic variant predicts the plasma levels of VEGF-A in cancer patients through altered binding of NF-AT1.
Timing variability of sensorimotor integration during vocalization in individuals who stutter
Authors: Sares Anastasia G. , Deroche Mickael L. D. , Shiller Douglas M. , Gracco Vincent L.
Published: October 2018

Persistent developmental stuttering affects close to 1% of adults and is thought to be a problem of sensorimotor integration. Previous research has demonstrated that individuals who stutter respond differently to changes in their auditory feedback while speaking. Here we explore a number of changes that accompany alterations in the feedback of pitch during vocal production. Participants sustained the vowel /a/ while hearing on-line feedback of their own voice through headphones. In some trials, feedback was briefly shifted up or down by 100 cents to simulate a vocal production error. As previously shown, participants compensated for the auditory pitch change by altering their vocal production in the opposite direction of the shift. The average compensatory response was smaller for adults who stuttered than for adult controls. Detailed analyses revealed that adults who stuttered had fewer trials with a robust corrective response, and that within the trials showing compensation, the timing of their responses was more variable. These results support the idea that dysfunctional sensorimotor integration in stuttering is characterized by timing variability, reflecting reduced coupling of the auditory and speech motor systems.
How wind drives the correlation between leaf shape and mechanical properties
Authors: Louf Jean-François , Nelson Logan , Kang Hosung , Song Pierre Ntoh , Zehnbauer Tim , Jung Sunghwan
Published: October 2018

From a geometrical point of view, a non-sessile leaf is composed of two parts: a large flat plate called the lamina, and a long beam called the petiole which connects the lamina to the branch/stem. While wind is exerting force (e.g. drag) on the lamina, the petiole undergoes twisting and bending motions. To survive in harsh abiotic conditions, leaves may have evolved to form in different shapes, resulting from a coupling between the lamina geometry and the petiole mechanical properties. In this study, we measure the shape of laminae from 120 simple leaf species (no leaflets). Leaves of the same species are found to be geometrically similar regardless of their size. From tensile/torsional tests, we characterize the bending rigidity (EI) and the twisting rigidity (GJ) of 15 petioles of 4 species in the Spring/Summer: Red Oak (Quercus Rubra), American Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), Yellow Poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), and Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum). A twist-to-bend ratio EI/GJ is found to be around 4.3, within the range in previous studies conducted on similar species (EI/GJ = 2.7~8.0 reported in S. Vogel, 1992). In addition, we develop a simple energetic model to find a relation between geometrical shapes and mechanical properties (EI/GJ = 2LL/WC where LL is the laminar length and WC is the laminar width), verified with experimental data. Lastly, we discuss leaf’s ability to reduce stress at the stem-petiole junction by choosing certain geometry, and also present exploratory results on the effect that seasons have on the Young’s and twisting moduli.
Potential of Oryza officinalis to augment the cold tolerance genetic mechanisms of Oryza sativa by network complementation
Authors: Kitazumi Ai , Pabuayon Isaiah C. M. , Ohyanagi Hajime , Fujita Masahiro , Osti Bipush , Shenton Matthew R. , Kakei Yusuke , Nakamura Yasukazu , Brar Darshan S. , Kurata Nori , de los Reyes Benildo G.
Published: October 2018

Oryza officinalis is an accessible alien donor for genetic improvement of rice. Comparison across a representative panel of Oryza species showed that the wild O. officinalis and cultivated O. sativa ssp. japonica have similar cold tolerance potentials. The possibility that either distinct or similar genetic mechanisms are involved in the low temperature responses of each species was addressed by comparing their transcriptional networks. General similarities were supported by shared transcriptomic signatures indicative of equivalent metabolic, hormonal, and defense status. However, O. officinalis has maintained an elaborate cold-responsive brassinosteroid-regulated BES1-network that appeared to have been fragmented in O. sativa. BES1-network is potentially important for integrating growth-related responses with physiological adjustments and defenses through the protection of photosynthetic machinery and maintenance of stomatal aperture, oxidative defenses, and osmotic adjustment. Equivalent physiological processes are functional in O. sativa but their genetic mechanisms are under the direct control of ABA-dependent, DREB-dependent and/or oxidative-mediated networks uncoupled to BES1. While O. officinalis and O. sativa represent long periods of speciation and domestication, their comparable cold tolerance potentials involve equivalent physiological processes but distinct genetic networks. BES1-network represents a novel attribute of O. officinalis with potential applications in diversifying or complementing other mechanisms in the cultivated germplasm.
Multiplex real-time PCR assay to detect illegal trade of CITES-listed shark species
Authors: Cardeñosa Diego , Quinlan Jessica , Shea Kwok Ho , Chapman Demian D.
Published: October 2018

The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is a multilateral environmental agreement to ensure that the international trade of threatened species is either prohibited (Appendix I listed species) or being conducted legally, sustainably, and transparently (Appendix II listed species). Twelve threatened shark species exploited for their fins, meat, and other products have been listed under CITES Appendix II. Sharks are often traded in high volumes, some of their products are visually indistinguishable, and most importing/exporting nations have limited capacity to detect illicit trade and enforce the regulations. High volume shipments often must be screened after only a short period of detainment (e.g., a maximum of 24 hours), which together with costs and capacity issues have limited the use of DNA approaches to identify illicit trade. Here, we present a reliable, field-based, fast (<4 hours), and cost effective ($0.94 USD per sample) multiplex real-time PCR protocol capable of detecting nine of the twelve sharks listed under CITES in a single reaction. This approach facilitates detection of illicit trade, with positive results providing probable cause to detain shipments for more robust forensic analysis. We also provide evidence of its application in real law enforcement scenarios in Hong Kong. Adoption of this approach can help parties meet their CITES requirements, avoiding potential international trade sanctions in the future.
Breed Differences in Pig Liver Esterase (PLE) between Tongcheng (Chinese Local Breed) and Large White Pigs
Authors: Xiao Qiling , Zhou Qiongqiong , Yang Lu , Tian Zhongyuan , Wang Xiliang , Xiao Yuncai , Shi Deshi
Published: October 2018

Human carboxylesterases has been proven to be age and race-related and a sound basis of clinical medication. PLE involve in signal transduction and highly catalyze hydrolysis. Therefore, the expression level of PLE most probably exist age and breed difference and lead to significant differences of pharmacology and physiology. Four age groups of Tongcheng (TC) and Large White (LW) pigs were selected to explore PLE breed and age differences, and it was found that PLE mRNA was most abundant in liver in both breeds. In liver, PLE levels and hydrolytic activities increased with age, and PLE levels (except for 3 month) and the hydrolytic activities were higher in LW than in TC across all age groups. Abundance of PLE isoenzymes was obvious different between breeds and among age groups. The most abundant PLE isoenzyme in LW and TC pigs was PLE-A1 (all age groups) and PLE-B9 (three early age groups) or PLE-G3 (adult groups), respectively. 103 new PLE isoenzymes were found, and 55 high-frequency PLE isoenzymes were accordingly classified into seven categories (A-G). The results of this research provide a necessary basis not only for clinical medication of pigs but also for pig breeding purposes.
Comparison of cell-based assays to quantify treatment effects of anticancer drugs identifies a new application for Bodipy-L-cystine to measure apoptosis
Authors: Kumar Nita , Afjei Rayhaneh , Massoud Tarik F. , Paulmurugan Ramasamy
Published: October 2018

Cell-based assays that measure anticancer drug effects are essential for evaluating chemotherapeutic agents. Many assays targeting various cellular mechanisms are available, leading to inconsistent results when using different techniques. We critically compared six common assays, as well as a new assay using Bodipy.FL.L-cystine (BFC), to identify the most accurate and reproducible in measuring anticancer drug effects. We tested three common chemotherapies (methotrexate, paclitaxel, and etoposide) in two cell lines (Ln229 and MDA-MB231). Spectroscopic assays such as Cell Titer Blue, and 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA) yielded a strong drug dose response, especially for paclitaxel and etoposide (R2 = 0.9). MTT and Calcein-AM fluorescent dye-based assays were less consistent in that regard. Among three flow cytometry assays, Propidium Iodide (PI)-based DNA content analysis and a new BFC-based glutathione-redox (GSH) assay produced drug dose dependent results. Compared to PI, BFC showed a better correlation (R2 = 0.7–0.9) in depicting live and apoptotic cells. We found that the combination of Cell Titer Blue spectroscopy and BFC flow cytometry assays were most accurate in assessing anticancer drug effects by clear distinction between live and apoptotic cells, independent of drug mechanism of action. We present a new application of BFC as an agent for measuring cellular apoptosis.
Earth tectonics as seen by GOCE - Enhanced satellite gravity gradient imaging
Authors: Ebbing Jörg , Haas Peter , Ferraccioli Fausto , Pappa Folker , Szwillus Wolfgang , Bouman Johannes
Published: October 2018

Curvature components derived from satellite gravity gradients provide new global views of Earth’s structure. The satellite gravity gradients are based on the GOCE satellite mission and we illustrate by curvature images how the Earth is seen differently compared to seismic imaging. Tectonic domains with similar seismic characteristic can exhibit distinct differences in satellite gravity gradients maps, which points to differences in the lithospheric build-up. This is particularly apparent for the cratonic regions of the Earth. The comparisons demonstrate that the combination of seismological, and satellite gravity gradient imaging has significant potential to enhance our knowledge of Earth’s structure. In remote frontiers like the Antarctic continent, where even basic knowledge of lithospheric scale features remains incomplete, the curvature images help unveil the heterogeneity in lithospheric structure, e.g. between the composite East Antarctic Craton and the West Antarctic Rift System.
Increasing muscle co-contraction speeds up internal model acquisition during dynamic motor learning
Authors: Heald James B. , Franklin David W. , Wolpert Daniel M.
Published: October 2018

During reaching movements in the presence of novel dynamics, participants initially co-contract their muscles to reduce kinematic errors and improve task performance. As learning proceeds, muscle co-contraction decreases as an accurate internal model develops. The initial co-contraction could affect the learning of the internal model in several ways. By ensuring the limb remains close to the target state, co-contraction could speed up learning. Conversely, by reducing kinematic errors, a key training signal, it could slow down learning. Alternatively, given that the effects of muscle co-contraction on kinematic errors are predictable and could be discounted when assessing the internal model error, it could have no effect on learning. Using a sequence of force pulses, we pretrained two groups to either co-contract (stiff group) or relax (relaxed group) their arm muscles in the presence of dynamic perturbations. A third group (control group) was not pretrained. All groups performed reaching movements in a velocity-dependent curl field. We measured adaptation using channel trials and found greater adaptation in the stiff group during early learning. We also found a positive correlation between muscle co-contraction, as measured by surface electromyography, and adaptation. These results show that muscle co-contraction accelerates the rate of dynamic motor learning.
Vitamin D5 in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Silvestro Daniele , Villette Claire , Delecolle Julien , Olsen Carl Erik , Motawia Mohammed Saddik , Geoffroy Philippe , Miesch Michel , Jensen Poul Erik , Heintz Dimitri , Schaller Hubert
Published: October 2018

Vitamin D3 is a secosterol hormone critical for bone growth and calcium homeostasis, produced in vertebrate skin by photolytic conversion of the cholesterol biosynthetic intermediate provitamin D3. Insufficient levels of vitamin D3 especially in the case of low solar UV-B irradiation is often compensated by an intake of a dietary source of vitamin D3 of animal origin. Small amounts of vitamin D3 were described in a few plant species and considered as a peculiar feature of their phytochemical diversity. In this report we show the presence of vitamin D5 in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. This plant secosterol is a UV-B mediated derivative of provitamin D5, the precursor of sitosterol. The present work will allow a further survey of vitamin D distribution in plant species.
APOL1 risk allele RNA contributes to renal toxicity by activating protein kinase R
Authors: Okamoto Koji , Rausch Jason W. , Wakashin Hidefumi , Fu Yulong , Chung Joon-Yong , Dummer Patrick D. , Shin Myung K. , Chandra Preeti , Suzuki Kosuke , Shrivastav Shashi , Rosenberg Avi Z. , Hewitt Stephen M. , Ray Patricio E. , Noiri Eisei , Le Grice Stuart F. J. , Hoek Maarten , Han Zhe , Winkler Cheryl A. , Kopp Jeffrey B.
Published: October 2018

APOL1 risk alleles associate with chronic kidney disease in African Americans, but the mechanisms remain to be fully understood. We show that APOL1 risk alleles activate protein kinase R (PKR) in cultured cells and transgenic mice. This effect is preserved when a premature stop codon is introduced to APOL1 risk alleles, suggesting that APOL1 RNA but not protein is required for the effect. Podocyte expression of APOL1 risk allele RNA, but not protein, in transgenic mice induces glomerular injury and proteinuria. Structural analysis of the APOL1 RNA shows that the risk variants possess secondary structure serving as a scaffold for tandem PKR binding and activation. These findings provide a mechanism by which APOL1 variants damage podocytes and suggest novel therapeutic strategies.
Rotating lamellipodium waves in polarizing cells
Authors: Reeves Cody , Winkler Benjamin , Ziebert Falko , Aranson Igor S.
Published: October 2018

Cellular protrusion- and lamellipodium waves are widespread for both non-motile and moving cells and observed for many cell types. They are involved in the cell’s exploration of the substrate, its internal organization, as well as for the establishment of self-polarization prior to the onset of motion. Here we apply the recently developed phase field approach to model shape waves and their competition on the level of a whole cell, including all main physical effects (acto-myosin, cell membrane, adhesion formation and substrate deformation via traction) but ignoring specific biochemistry and regulation. We derive an analytic description of the emergence of a single wave deformation, which is of Burgers/Fisher-Kolmogorov type. Finally, we develop an amplitude equation approach to study multiple competing rotational waves and show how they allow the cell to transition from a non-moving state towards a polarized, steady moving state.
Transcriptomic profiling for prolonged drought in Dendrobium catenatum
Authors: Wan Xiao , Zou Long-Hai , Zheng Bao-Qiang , Tian Ying-Qiu , Wang Yan
Published: October 2018

Orchid epiphytes, a group containing at least 18,000 species, thrive in habitats that often undergo periodic drought stress. However, few global gene expression profiling datasets have been published for studies addressing the drought-resistant mechanism of this special population. In this study, an experiment involving the effect of continuous drought treatments on an epiphytic orchid, Dendrobium catenatum, was designed to generate 39 mature-leaf-tissue RNA-seq sequencing datasets with over two billion reads. These datasets were validated by a series of quality assessments including RNA sample quality, RNA-seq read quality, and global gene expression profiling. We believe that these comprehensive transcriptomic resources will allow a better understanding of the drought-resistant mechanisms of orchid epiphytes.
Chiral guanidines and their derivatives in asymmetric synthesis
Authors: Dong Shunxi , Feng Xiaoming , Liu Xiaohua
Published: October 2018

This article reviews current achievements of chiral guanidines and their derivatives in organocatalysis, and updates versatile guanidine–metal salt combinations in asymmetric catalytic reactions.
Current progress in biosensors for organophosphorus pesticides based on enzyme functionalized nanostructures: a review
Authors: Xiong Sheng , Deng Yaocheng , Zhou Yaoyu , Gong Daoxin , Xu Yuzhe , Yang Lihua , Chen Henghui , Chen Ling , Song Tianwei , Luo Ao , Deng Xiaolan , Zhang Chenyu , Jiang Ziyan
Published: October 2018

Organophosphorus pesticides analysis has become an increasingly significant research area due to their widespread application and contamination of the environment.
Recent progress in the self-assembly of block copolymers confined in emulsion droplets
Authors: Yan Nan , Zhu Yutian , Jiang Wei
Published: October 2018

When the self-assembly of block copolymers (BCPs) occurs within a deformable emulsion droplet, BCPs can aggregate into a variety of nanoscaled particles with unique nanostructures and properties since the confinement effect can effectively break the symmetry of a structure.
A fluoride activated methylene blue releasing platform for imaging and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy of human dental plaque
Authors: Wei Peng , Xue Fengfeng , Shi Yunming , Strand Ross , Chen Hui , Yi Tao
Published: October 2018

A fluoride activated methylene blue releasing platform was developed for imaging and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy of human dental plaque.
Mechanistic and asymmetric investigations of the Au-catalysed cross-coupling between aryldiazonium salts and arylboronic acids using (P,N) gold complexes
Authors: Tabey Alexis , Berlande Murielle , Hermange Philippe , Fouquet Eric
Published: October 2018

Aryldiazonium salts and arylboronic acids were coupled via three different pathways from (P,N)–AuCl complexes, with enantiomeric excesses up to 26%.
Computational and analytical approaches for investigating hydrates: the neat and hydrated solid-state forms of 3-(3-methylimidazolium-1-yl)propanoate
Authors: Braun Doris E. , Lampl Martin , Wurst Klaus , Kahlenberg Volker , Griesser Ulrich J. , Schottenberger Herwig
Published: October 2018

The interconversion pathways and stability ranges ofOOCEMIMsolid-state forms have been elucidated.
Identification and computational characterization of isomers withcisandtransamide bonds in folate and its analogues
Authors: Iliev Stoyan , Gocheva Gergana , Ivanova Nikoleta , Atanasova Boyana , Petrova Jasmina , Madjarova Galia , Ivanova Anela
Published: October 2018

MD simulations and first-principles electronic structure calculations reveal viable configurational isomerism of a peptide-like amide bond in folate and its analogues.
Elucidation of the intrinsic optical properties of hydrogen-bonded and protonated flavin chromophores by photodissociation action spectroscopy
Authors: Lincke Kasper , Langeland Jeppe , Madsen Andreas Østergaard , Kiefer Hjalte V. , Skov Louise , Gruber Elisabeth , Mikkelsen Kurt V. , Andersen Lars H. , Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted
Published: October 2018

The intrinsic optical properties of the flavin chromophore when engaged in hydrogen bonding or being protonated were elucidated by photo-induced action spectroscopy and computations.
Pulse-shaped two-photon excitation of a fluorescent base analogue approaches single-molecule sensitivity
Authors: Fisher Rachel S. , Nobis David , Füchtbauer Anders F. , Bood Mattias , Grøtli Morten , Wilhelmsson L. Marcus , Jones Anita C. , Magennis Steven W.
Published: October 2018

Ultrasensitive detection of DNA is achieved via two-photon excitation of a fluorescent base analogue.
Symmetry controlled excited state dynamics
Authors: Waters Max D. J. , Skov Anders B. , Larsen Martin A. B. , Clausen Christian M. , Weber Peter M. , Sølling Theis I.
Published: October 2018

Symmetry effects in internal conversion are studied by means of two isomeric cyclic tertiary aliphatic amines in a velocity map imaging (VMI) experiment on the femtosecond timescale. We conclude that lessening the symmetry of the molecule leads to loss of coherence after internal conversion between Rydberg states.
Influence of argon and D2 tagging on the hydrogen bond network in Cs+(H2O)3; kinetic trapping below 40 K
Authors: Esser Tim K. , Knorke Harald , Siro-Brigiano Flavio , Galimberti Daria Ruth , Asmis Knut R. , Gaigeot Marie-Pierre , Lisy James M.
Published: October 2018

Tuning cluster ion conformations between 12 and 21 K.
Asymmetric nitrogen-rich energetic materials resulting from the combination of tetrazolyl, dinitromethyl and (1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)nitroamino groups with furoxan
Authors: Liu Yingle , He Chunlin , Tang Yongxing , Imler Gregory H. , Parrish Damon A. , Shreeve Jean'ne M.
Published: October 2018

Three classes of nitrogen-rich energetic compounds were obtained from 3,4-dicyano-furoxan.
Direct growth of ultra-permeable molecularly thin porous graphene membranes for water treatment
Authors: Wei Gaoliang , Quan Xie , Li Chao , Chen Shuo , Yu Hongtao
Published: October 2018

A direct growth method of molecularly thin graphene membranes with ultrahigh permeance and good recalcitrance to irreversible fouling is presented.
Railing cells along 3D microelectrode tracks for continuous-flow dielectrophoretic sorting
Authors: Xing Xiaoxing , Ng Chun Ning , Chau Ming Lok , Yobas Levent
Published: October 2018

Continuous-flow cell sorting at considerably high flow rates by railing cells along electrode tracks based on dielectrophoresis and hydrodynamic drag.
Acoustic impedance-based size-independent isolation of circulating tumour cells from blood using acoustophoresis
Authors: Karthick S. , Pradeep P. N. , Kanchana P. , Sen A. K.
Published: October 2018

Here, we report a label-free method based on acoustic impedance contrast for the isolation of CTCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in a microchannel using acoustophoresis. Applying this method, we demonstrate the label-free isolation of HeLa and MDA-MB-231 cells from PBMCs.
Manipulation of a floating liquid marble using dielectrophoresis
Authors: Ooi Chin Hong , Jin Jing , Sreejith Kamalalayam Rajan , Nguyen Anh V. , Evans Geoffrey M. , Nguyen Nam-Trung
Published: October 2018

A liquid marble is a microliter-sized droplet coated with hydrophobic powder.
Inhibition of arsenite methylation induces synergistic genotoxicity of arsenite and benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide in SCC-7 cells
Authors: Li Youxian , He Man , Chen Beibei , Hu Bin
Published: October 2018

A comprehensive analytical method was developed to investigate the synergistic genotoxicity of BPDE and As(iii) in SCC-7 cells.
Silver-catalyzed ring-opening [3+2] annulation of cyclopropenones with amides
Authors: Matsuda Takanori , Tabata Yuki , Suzuki Hirotsugu
Published: October 2018

A silver(i)-catalyzed ring-opening [3+2] annulation between cyclopropenones and amides has been achieved to afford 5-amino-2-furanones.
Enriched graphitic N in nitrogen-doped graphene as a superior metal-free electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Lu Xiangyu , Wang Dan , Ge Liping , Xiao Lihui , Zhang Haiyan , Liu Lilai , Zhang Jinqiu , An Maozhong , Yang Peixia
Published: October 2018

The active center of N-G catalysts for ORR is confirmed to be related to the graphitic N, and the total N content in N-G catalysts is not the key factors to determine the ORR activity.
Correlating anisotropy and disorder with the surface structure of platinum nanoparticles
Authors: Sun Baichuan , Barron Hector , Wells Brad , Opletal George , Barnard Amanda S.
Published: October 2018

Imperfection becomes a new design parameter if we can predict the impact of bulk and surface anisotropy on the number of active sites needed for different reactions.
Photoelectrochemical properties of MOF-induced surface-modified TiO2 photoelectrode
Authors: Jiao Wei , Zhu Jiaxing , Ling Yun , Deng Mingli , Zhou Yaming , Feng Pingyun
Published: October 2018

In2O3- and NiO-modified rutile TiO2 electrode with co-doping of N and Ti3+.
Potent anti-proliferative activities of organochalcogenocyanates towards breast cancer
Authors: Banerjee Kaustav , Padmavathi Ganesan , Bhattacherjee Debojit , Saha Suchismita , Kunnumakkara Ajaikumar B. , Bhabak Krishna P.
Published: October 2018

The synthesis of benzylic and mesitylenic organochalcogenocyanates has been described and the compounds have been studied for their anti-proliferative activities in breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and T-47D).
Anti-inflammatory fusicoccane-type diterpenoids from the phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria brassicicola
Authors: Li Fengli , Sun Weiguang , Guan Jiankun , Lu Yuanyuan , Lin Shuang , Zhang Sitian , Gao Weixi , Liu Junjun , Du Guang , Wang Jianping , Zhu Hucheng , Qi Changxing , Hu Zhengxi , Zhang Yonghui
Published: October 2018

Eight undescribed fusicoccane-type diterpenoids (1–8), wherein 1 had a rare 16-nor-dicyclopenta[a,d]cyclooctane skeleton, were isolated from Alternaria brassicicola.
Oxidative cross-dehydrogenative [2 + 3] annulation of α-amino ketones with α-keto esters: concise synthesis of clausenamide analogues
Authors: Bhajammanavar Vinod , Mallik Sumitava , Baidya Mahiuddin
Published: October 2018

A one-pot oxidative cross-dehydrogenative [2 + 3] annulation of α-amino ketones with α-keto esters at room temperature is reported.
Synthesis and potassium KV7 channel opening activity of thioether analogues of the analgesic flupirtine
Authors: Bock Christian , Beirow Kristin , Surur Abdrrahman S. , Schulig Lukas , Bodtke Anja , Bednarski Patrick J. , Link Andreas
Published: October 2018

Benign by design: active sulfide-analogues of potassium channel opener flupirtine do not form reactive oxidation productsin vitro.
Versatility of CoPcS in CoPcS/TiO2for MB degradation: photosensitization, charge separation and oxygen activation
Authors: Gao Zhao , Yang Hanpei , Zhu Hongyu , Guo Runqiang , Wu Junmin
Published: October 2018

In this report, a composite photocatalyst consisting of cobalt phthalocyanine sulfate (CoPcS) and TiO2was prepared by a facile synthesis.
Variably doped nanostructured gallium nitride surfaces can serve as biointerfaces for neurotypic PC12 cells and alter their behavior
Authors: Snyder Patrick J. , Reddy Pramod , Kirste Ronny , LaJeunesse Dennis R. , Collazo Ramon , Ivanisevic Albena
Published: October 2018

Neurotypic PC12 cells behavior was studied on nanostructured GaN and rationalized with respect to surface charge, doping level, and chemical functionalization.
Highly stretchable polymer-dispersed liquid crystal-based smart windows with transparent and stretchable hybrid electrodes
Authors: Park Jin-Yeong , Kim Han-Ki
Published: October 2018

Stretchable PDLC window fabricated on the stretchable Ag nanowire and PEDOT:PSS hybrid electrodes.
A novel information diffusion method based on network consistency for identifying disease related microRNAs
Authors: Chen Min , Peng Yan , Li Ang , Li Zejun , Deng Yingwei , Liu Wenhua , Liao Bo , Dai Chengqiu
Published: October 2018

The abnormal expression of miRNAs is directly related to the development of human diseases.
Ion transport through a nanoporous C2N membrane: the effect of electric field and layer number
Authors: Yu You-sheng , Huang Lu-yi , Lu Xiang , Ding Hong-ming
Published: October 2018

Using all-atom molecular dynamic simulations, we show that a monolayer C2N membrane possesses higher permeability and excellent ion selectivity, and that multilayer C2N membranes have promising potential for water desalination.
Crystallographic characterization of Lu2C2n (2n = 76–90): cluster selection by cage size
Authors: Shen Wangqiang , Bao Lipiao , Hu Shuaifeng , Yang Le , Jin Peng , Xie Yunpeng , Akasaka Takeshi , Lu Xing
Published: October 2018

Lu2C2n (2n = 76–90): the decisive size effect of the carbon cage on the configuration of the internal metallic cluster.
Construction of supramolecular nanotubes from protein crystals
Authors: Nguyen Tien Khanh , Negishi Hashiru , Abe Satoshi , Ueno Takafumi
Published: October 2018

Cross-linking of protein crystals promotes disulfide-mediated nanotubes.
Cage dynamics leads to double relaxation of the intermediate scattering function in a binary colloidal system
Authors: Shireen Zakiya , Babu Sujin B.
Published: October 2018

In a binary colloidal system where one component aggregates through irreversible bonds forms a network and the other component remains as non-interacting hard spheres, shows in the intermediate scattering function double relaxation (a glassy behaviour) for dynamic cages, whereas a single relaxation in the case of static cages.
A high-rate aqueous rechargeable zinc ion battery based on the VS4@rGO nanocomposite
Authors: Qin Haigang , Yang Zhanhong , Chen Linlin , Chen Xi , Wang Limin
Published: October 2018

A high-rate performance can be achieved using the VS4@rGO nanocomposite as the cathode for zinc ion batteries.
Calculating the profile of intermittent grinding wheel for the sharpening teeth of the broach
Authors: Bogutsky Vladimir , Novoselov Yurij , Shron Leonid
Published: October 2018

The article shows that during the grinding of complex profile blades of metal cutting tools from tool steels, unfavorable thermodynamic conditions are created in the cutting zone and, as a result, grinding burns and cracks occur on the surface of the polished workpiece. One of the methods of controlling the temperature in the cutting zone at the final grinding operations is the use of grinding wheels with a discontinuous surface. The method of calculating the profile of the discontinuous surface of the grinding wheel presented in the article makes it possible to determine its geometric parameters taking into account the wear resistance of the grinding wheel and the heat stress of the process of treatment. The results of the verification of the proposed technique in the production conditions are given which showed that the treatment of the teeth of the broaches with a grinding wheel with a discontinuous profile, in comparison with the machining of broaches according to the traditional technology, provides a higher quality of blade surfaces, while the process productivity, compared with the factory technology, increased by 20...26%.
Technological possibilities of high-precision plasma cutting in processing materials of different class
Authors: Rakhimyanov Andrey , Loktionov Alexander , Gaar Nadezhda
Published: October 2018

Improving the technologies and equipment at a stage of the blank production in mechanical engineering greatly determines the reduction in the technological production costs. The use of modern technological complexes on cutting sheet materials provides a solution to tasks for increasing the accuracy of forming. Nowadays high-precision plasma cutting is developing. It can be considered as an alternative to the laser cutting in achieving high characteristics of the cut accuracy and quality. The paper under consideration presents the results of optimizing the processing speed for the existing schemes of high-precision plasma cutting in the range of the cut thickness from 1 mm to 30 mm for carbon steel, alloy steel and aluminum steel. The efficiency of using the technological scheme HiFocusplus for cutting such bimetallic compositions as “steel St3 + steel 12H18N10T”, “steel St3 + aluminum A5M”, “steel St3 + copper M1” is presented. It is determined that the best characteristics of the accuracy and quality of the cut are achieved in cutting the composition “steel ST3 + steel 12H18N10T” from the side of low-carbon steel. Cutting from the side of aluminum and copper respectively is optimal for such compositions as “steel St3 + aluminum A5M” and “steel St3 + copper M1”.
The principles of the milling equipment improvement
Authors: Bardovsky Anatoly , Gerasimova Alla , Aydunbekov Arsen
Published: October 2018

The article presents the results of the investigations of evaluation of the effectiveness of implementation of the equalized functionality mineral-processing equipment, using criteria for the specific action, calculated based on the simple indexes aggregation, which describes resource, spending on achievement the end result unit of the functional event (multi-criteria estimation). As a major specific action criterion for the estimation of milling equipment we used the criterion, which takes into account expenditure of energy and time. The need to generate more production-friendly constructions became a reason for creation of the recommendations for further improvement of the mineral-processing equipment. These recommendations based on selection of the milling process variables, which has the greatest impact on the qualitative and quantitative indicators of mineral processing, and on analysis of possible changes of chosen parameters to decrease in the specific actions. In conformity with the practical implementation of these development principles, have been developed the new methods of milling and construction arrangement of the mills, based on the implementation of the specific action criteria, which ensure the positive effect, resulting from the decrease in unit costs during the manufacturing of saleable products from the mineral row materials.
An approach of developing low cost ARM based CNC systems by controlling CAN drives
Authors: Martinov Georgi M. , Al Khoury Akram , Issa Ahed
Published: October 2018

Nowadays, there is a big demand on using small sized CNC machine tools, which have low price tag, wide range of implementations, low manufacturing costs and can be used for educational purposes. These machines can achieve casual manufacturing routines, like milling and drilling in applications, where there is no need for high speed performances and super quality of products. In this work, we proposed a model of CNC for these machines and analysed its components and efficiency. The model consists of three main layers: CNC system (application layer), ARM based microcomputer as CAN master and controller (connecting layer) and Servo-Drive Step Motors (actuating layer).
Comparative analysis of performance characteristics of nozzle heads for powder transportation in a laser cladding and direct material deposition
Authors: Kovalev Oleg
Published: October 2018

The analysis of the dynamics of gas-dispersed flows created by nozzle heads, which are used in the additive technology of direct laser deposition of material in the manufacture of metal products of complex geometry, is analyzed. The features of using nozzle systems for increasing the efficiency of powder transport in laser treatment are discussed. Typical gas-powder transport nozzles of well-known manufacturers Trumpf and Precitec are considered. The study is conducted to obtain additional information for a thorough understanding of the physical processes that take place and to increase the efficiency of the practical use of equipment.
90 degrees two-angle bending method with due to blank’s elastic spring back properties
Authors: Nesterenko Elena , Kuzin Alexander
Published: October 2018

Current article presents 90 degrees two-angle bending new process chart with usage of tool with elastic bars. Tool design allows considering elastic blank’s springback to get more precise bending radius. Usage of elastic bars makes two-angle bending process more producible and costless as there no need to make additional operations of geometry defects correction. In that article, bending technological parameters are determined. Strain-stress blank’s conditions during processing is describe. Analytical calculations are made and elastic bar sizes for different blank material are demonstrated.
The formation of the quality parameters of the surface layer by ultrasonic
Authors: Shuvaev Vyacheslav , Krylova Nadezhda
Published: October 2018

In work the questions of hardening of a surface layer of a detail by means of ultrasonic fluctuations are opened. The developed device for forming ultrasonic longitudinal-torsional oscillations is described, which makes it possible to substantially modify the properties of the surface layers of the parts.
Spark plasma and conventional sintering of ZrO2-TiN composites: A comparative study on the microstructure and mechanical properties
Authors: Pristinskiy Yuri , Solis Pinargote Nestor Washington , Smirnov Anton
Published: October 2018

Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is an extremely fast solidification technique for compounds that are difficult to sinter within the material group metals, ceramics or composites. SPS uses a uniaxial pressure and a very rapid heating cycle to consolidate these materials. This direct way of heating allows the application of very high heating and cooling rates, enhancing densification over grain growth promoting diffusion mechanisms allowing maintaining the intrinsic properties of nanopowders in their fully dense products. The ZrO2-TiN cermets prepared by SPS processing achieves the enhanced mechanical properties with the hardness of 15.1 GPa and the fracture toughness of 9.1 MPa∙m1/2 in comparison to standard reference ZrO2-TiN material.
Influence of the conditions of selective laser melting on evaporation
Authors: Khmyrov Roman S. , Protasov Cyrill E. , Gusarov Andrey V.
Published: October 2018

The paper presents the results of optical diagnostics of evaporation and displacement of powder fractions during the formation of a single track in the process of selective laser melting. The velocity of the powder fractions is estimated. It was defined, that an increase in the scanning speed leads to an decrease in the particle coming out rate from the molten pool and the rate at which they are attracted. The results allow evaluating the kinetics of the mass-transfer process during selective laser melting. It was clearly shown the material quality properties after the selective laser melting are strongly influenced by the formed thermal field in the laser-irradiated zone.
The field of rational application of the methods of hardening treatment
Authors: Krutsilo Vitalii , Papsheva Nina , Akushskaya Olga
Published: October 2018

The paper presents data on the research of influence of various methods of hardening on physico- mechanical characteristics of surface layer and performance indicators of details from heatproof, difficult-to-cut steels and titanium alloys working in extreme conditions.
Grinding tools made of grains with controlled shape and orientation
Authors: Korotkov Alexander , Korotkov Vitaly
Published: October 2018

The cutting elements of the grinding tools are grains. But only a small part of the grains participates actively in the cumulative cutting process. Each grain has its own arbitrary shape and a chaotic arrangement in the body of the instrument. As a consequence, the geometry of the cutting part of the grains varies over a wide range and this greatly reduces the performance of grinding tools. A new class of tools and technology for their manufacture, in which the shape and orientation of the used grains is controlled, is proposed. The choice of a certain grains shape is ensured by separating the initial mass of the abrasive in a vibratory way into a series of fractions with the same grain form. Orientation of the grains is achieved by applying an electrostatic effect that regulates the grains position in the tool. The pilot batches of grinding wheels cutting, peeling, petal are designed and manufactured, as well as grinding skins and belts with controlled shape and orientation of the grains. Circles and tapes underwent comparative tests with standard tools and showed significant advantages in operation.
Magnetohydrodynamic pump application in complex form aluminum parts additive manufacturing
Authors: Drobotov Alexey , Avdeev Artem , Shvets Andrey
Published: October 2018

A review of Drop-on-Demand additive manufacturing methods was held. A method of complex forms aluminum parts production through the application of magnetohydrodynamic pump and 5 axis manufacturing process was proposed. 5 axis 3D printer assembly was shown. A few operation modes were proposed for such 3D printer and a method for fill lines paths calculating, needed for G-code automatic generation, was established. The algorithm for calculating printhead moving trajectory in the cylindrical parts manufacture mode was shown.
Wear-resisting properties of multilayer coated carbide blades under different technological conditions of turning of heat-resistant steel
Authors: Pchelkin Vyacheslav , Duyun Tatyana
Published: October 2018

Experimented results of wear-resisting properties of carbide blades with multilayer wear-resistance coatings, obtained by different processes: chemical vapor deposition and spraying by condensation from vapour (gas) phase while turning of corrosion –resistant heat-resistant steel 08Х18Н10Т are presented.
Simulation of large-size plain bearings processing using a virtual prototype of machine module
Authors: Duyun Tatyana A. , Bushuev Dmitry A. , Sukharev Maksim A. , Rubanov Vasiliy G.
Published: October 2018

An approach for modeling the mechanical processing of large-size plain bearings using a virtual prototype of a special machine module built in the MSC Adams software for kinematic and dynamic analysis is presented. Kinematic and dynamic characteristics of the module and the geometric model of the machined surface are shown.
Evaluation of the types of multiproduct manufacturing of machine components and some aspects of their design
Authors: Kondakov Alexander I. , Vasiljev Alexander S.
Published: October 2018

Type of production, evaluated at the initial stage of production design, determines the basic principles of its organization, mode of operation and specialization. It is particularly relevant to determine the type of production adequate to the given production procedure. Modern technical approaches used to determine it poorly reflect multiproduct nature of such production. The suggested method of determining the coefficient of seriation in multiproduct manufacturing allows evaluating its type, but requires information not always available at the initial stage of the project development. Applying the method of the design based on the reduced program facilitates decreasing its tasks dimensions. Choosing a base component on the basis of quantitative evaluations of the resemblance between components allows reasonably decreasing dimensions of task for designing production sites of multiproduct manufacturing. For this purpose formalized device was developed. On the basis of quantitative evaluation of the resemblance, characteristics of the reduced production program, and labour intensity hours in particular, can be determined. Automation is facilitated due to the formalized objective transformation of multiproduct programs of manufacturing for the sites being designed in the program of base components manufacturing, equal to the set programs on labour intensity hours. Thus, the quality of the design increases and the schedule of the project reduces.
Improving material cutting by application of natural origin oil
Authors: Yakubov Chingiz , Dzhemalyadinov Ruslan , Skakun Vladimir
Published: October 2018

The article deals with the experimental evaluation (in the laboratory) of environmentally secure lubricating and cooling technological means’ (LCTM) influence on the force characteristics and tool wear in the turning process of structural materials with different chemical activity. The experiment results confirm that the use of vegetable and animal fats in combination with the minimal quantity lubrication technology (MQL) provides for a significant reduction of cutting forces and the contact area.