bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Choroidal neovascularisation secondary toX-linked retinoschisis
Authors: Zhang Linyan , Liu Xinyu , Sun Limei , Zhou Xiaodi , Ke Shuya , Ding Xiaoyan
Published: May 2024

Aims

Choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) in patients with X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) has been poorly documented. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of CNV in patients with XLRS, as well as analyse the preliminary genotype–phenotype correlation.

Methods

A retrospective case series of patients with genetically confirmed XLRS was included. Demographic, clinical and genetic features were analysed, with a comparison between CNV and non-CNV eyes.

Results

Among 185 eyes of 129 patients with XLRS, the prevalence of CNV was 8.1% (15/185). The mean diagnostic age of all patients with CNV is 5.1±2.56 years. CNV eyes exhibited a mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution) of 1.37±0.74. All CNVs were classified as subretinal and active. Peripapillary CNVs accounted for 80.0% (12/15), while subfoveal CNVs accounted for 20.0% (3/15). In CNV eyes, the prevalence of macular atrophy (5/15, 33.3%, p=0.013) and bullous peripheral schisis (14/15, 93.3%, p=0.000) was higher compared with non-CNV eyes. Additionally, CNV eyes exhibited poorer integrity of the outer retina and BCVA (p=0.007) compared with non-CNV eyes. All 15 eyes with CNV underwent anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy. Genotype analysis revealed that 7 of 10 patients (70.0%, 10 eyes) were predicted to have missense variants, while 3 of 10 patients (30.0%, 5 eyes) exhibited severe variants.

Conclusions

The prevalence of CNV in XLRS eyes was found to be 8.1%. All CNVs secondary to XLRS were active and classified as type 2. CNV eyes demonstrated poorer visual function and compromised retinal structures. Anti-VEGF therapy demonstrated effectiveness in treating XLRS-CNVs. No significant genotype–phenotype correlation was established.
First and second-generation endometrial ablation devices: A network meta-analysis
Authors: Marchand Greg J , Masoud Ahmed , Grover Sandeep , King Alexa , Brazil Giovanna , Ulibarri Hollie , Parise Julia , Arroyo Amanda , Coriell Catherine , Moir Carmen , Govindan Malini
Published: May 2024

Objective

First-generation and second-generation endometrial ablation (EA) techniques, along with medical treatment and invasive surgery, are considered successful lines of management for abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). We set out to determine the efficacy of first and second-generation ablation techniques compared with medical treatment, invasive surgery and different modalities of the EA techniques themselves.

Design

Systematic review and network meta-analysis using a frequentist network.

Data sources

We searched Medline (Ovid), PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, EBSCO and Scopus for all published studies up to 1 March 2021 using relevant keywords.

Eligibility criteria

We included all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared premenopausal women with AUB receiving the intervention of second-generation EA techniques.

Data extraction and synthesis

49 high-quality RCTs with 8038 women were included. We extracted and pooled the data and then analysed to estimate the network meta-analysis models within a frequentist framework. We used the random-effects model of the netmeta package in R (V.3.6.1) and the ‘Meta-Insight’ website.

Results

Our network meta-analysis showed many varying results according to specific outcomes. The uterine balloon ablation had significantly higher amenorrhoea rates than other techniques in both short (hydrothermal ablation (risk ratio (RR)=0.51, 95% CI 0.37; 0.72), microwave ablation (RR=0.43, 95% CI 0.31; 0.59), first-generation techniques (RR=0.44, 95% CI 0.33; 0.59), endometrial laser intrauterine therapy (RR=0.18, 95% CI 0.10; 0.32) and bipolar radio frequency treatments (RR=0.22, 95% CI 0.15; 0.31)) and long-term follow-up (microwave ablation (RR=0.11, 95% CI 0.01; 0.86), bipolar radio frequency ablation (RR=0.12, 95% CI 0.02; 0.90), first generation (RR=0.12, 95% CI 0.02; 0.90) and endometrial laser intrauterine thermal therapy (RR=0.04, 95% CI 0.01; 0.36)). When calculating efficacy based only on calculated bleeding scores, the highest scores were achieved by cryoablation systems (p-score=0.98).

Conclusion

Most second-generation EA systems were superior to first-generation systems, and statistical superiority between devices depended on which characteristic was measured (secondary amenorrhoea rate, treatment of AUB, patient satisfaction or treatment of dysmenorrhoea). Although our study was limited by a paucity of data comparing large numbers of devices, we conclude that there is no evidence at this time that any one of the examined second-generation systems is clearly superior to all others.
Community-based person-centred integrated care (PIC) networks for healthy ageing in place: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Potter Caroline M , Malli Melina , Harper Sarah
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The economic case for preventive care delivered in or near citizens’ homes is strong, and there is growing evidence of the role of local-level support in supporting people’s health and well-being as they age. However, effective and consistent delivery of person-centred integrated care (PIC) at the community level remains elusive. Previous systematic reviews have focused on specific processes such as case management, but none have focused on the operational delivery of community-based care networks. In this study, we aim to identify what practice-based models of PIC networks exist at the local/neighbourhood level and what evidence is available as to their effectiveness for healthy ageing in place.

Methods and analysis

We will undertake a scoping review following the framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley and updated guidance by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Peer-reviewed sources will be identified through searches of seven databases, and relevant grey literature will be identified through websites of policy and voluntary sector organisations focused on integrated care and/or healthy ageing. Data from included studies will be extracted for relevance to the research questions, including aims and anticipated outcomes of network models, financial and management structures of networks, and evidence of evaluation. Summary tables and narrative comparisons of key PIC network features across settings will be presented.

Ethics and dissemination

As no primary data will be collected, ethical approval is not required to conduct this scoping review. In addition to publication as a peer-reviewed article, the results of this review will be summarised as shorter discussion papers for use in follow-up research.
Implementation of systematic screening for tuberculosis disease and tuberculosis preventive treatment among people living with HIV attending antiretroviral treatment clinics in Ghana: a national pilot study
Authors: Adusi-Poku Yaw , Addai Lillian , Wadie Bernard , Afutu Felix Kwami , Bruce Susuana A K , Baddoo Nyonuku Akosua , Wagaw Zeleke Alebachew , Campbell Jonathon R , Merle Corinne S , Frimpong Amenyo Rita Patricia
Published: May 2024

Objectives

To assess the yield and cost of implementing systematic screening for tuberculosis (TB) disease among people living with HIV (PLHIV) and initiation of TB preventive treatment (TPT) in Ghana.

Design

Prospective cohort study from August 2019 to December 2020.

Setting

One hospital from each of Ghana’s regions (10 total).

Participants

Any PLHIV already receiving or newly initiating antiretroviral treatment were eligible for inclusion.

Interventions

All participants received TB symptom screening and chest radiography. Those with symptoms and/or an abnormal chest X-ray provided a sputum sample for microbiological testing. All without TB disease were offered TPT.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

We estimated the proportion diagnosed with TB disease and proportion initiating TPT. We used logistic regression to identify factors associated with TB disease diagnosis. We used microcosting to estimate the health system cost per person screened (2020 US$).

Results

Of 12 916 PLHIV attending participating clinics, 2639 (20%) were enrolled in the study and screened for TB disease. Overall, 341/2639 (12.9%, 95% CI 11.7% to 14.3%) had TB symptoms and/or an abnormal chest X-ray; 50/2639 (1.9%; 95% CI 1.4% to 2.5%) were diagnosed with TB disease, 20% of which was subclinical. In multivariable analysis, only those newly initiating antiretroviral treatment were at increased odds of TB disease (adjusted OR 4.1, 95% CI 2.0 to 8.2). Among 2589 participants without TB, 2581/2589 (99.7%) initiated TPT. Overall, the average cost per person screened during the study was US$57.32.

Conclusion

In Ghana, systematic TB disease screening among PLHIV was of high yield and modest cost when combined with TPT. Our findings support WHO recommendations for routine TB disease screening among PLHIV.
Appraisal of clinical practice guidelines and consensus statements on obstetric anaesthesia: a systematic review using the AGREE II instrument
Authors: Huang Lu , Hu Na , Jiang Ling , Xiong Xinglong , Shi Jing , Chen Dongxu
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Despite the publication of hundreds of trials on obstetric anaesthesia, the management of these conditions remains suboptimal. We aimed to assess the quality and consistency of guidance documents for obstetric anaesthesia.

Design

This is a systematic review and quality assessment using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II methodology.

Data sources

Data sources include PubMed and Embase (8 June 2023), three Chinese academic databases, six guideline databases (7 June 2023) and Google and Google scholar (1 August 2023).

Eligibility criteria

We included the latest version of international and national/regional clinical practice guidelines and consensus statements for the anaesthetic management of pregnant patients during labour, non-operative delivery, operative delivery and selected aspects of perioperative monitoring, postpartum care and analgesia, published in English or Chinese.

Data extraction and synthesis

Two reviewers independently screened the searched items and extracted data. Four reviewers independently scored documents using AGREE II. Recommendations from all documents were tabulated and visualised in a coloured grid.

Results

Twenty-two guidance documents (14 clinical practice guidelines and 8 consensus statements) were included. Included documents performed well in the domains of scope and purpose (median 76.4%, IQR 69.4%–79.2%) and clarity of presentation (median 72.2%, IQR 61.1%–80.6%), but were unsatisfactory in applicability (median 21.9%, IQR 13.5%–27.1%) and editorial independence (median 47.9%, IQR 6.3%–73.2%). The majority of obstetric anaesthesia guidelines or consensus centred on different topics. Less than 30% of them specifically addressed the management of obstetric anaesthesia perioperatively. Recommendations were concordant on the perioperative preparation, and on some indications for the choice of anaesthesia method. Substantially different recommendations were provided for some items, especially for preoperative blood type and screen, and for the types and doses of neuraxial administration.

Conclusions

The methodological quality in guidance documents for obstetric anaesthesia necessitates enhancement. Despite numerous trials in this area, evidence gaps persist for specific clinical queries in this field. One potential approach to mitigate these challenges involves the endorsement of standardised guidance development methods and the synthesis of robust clinical evidence, aimed at diminishing difference in recommendations.
Managing well-being in paediatric critical care: a multiperspective qualitative study of nurses’ and allied health professionals’ experiences
Authors: Yeter Esra , Bhamra Harmeet , Butcher Isabelle , Morrison Rachael , Donnelly Peter , Shaw Rachel
Published: May 2024

Objectives

It is well evidenced that healthcare professionals working in paediatric critical care experience high levels of burn-out, compassion fatigue and moral distress. This worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. This work examines the nature of challenges to workplace well-being and explores what well-being means to staff. This evidence will inform the development of staff interventions to improve and maintain staff well-being.

Design

Qualitative study.

Setting

Paediatric critical care units in the UK.

Participants

30 nurses and allied health professionals took part in online interviews and were asked about well-being and challenges to well-being. Lived experiences of well-being were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Results

Themes generated were as follows: perception of self and identity; relationships and team morale; importance of control and balance and consequences of COVID-19. They focused on the impact of poor well-being on participants’ sense of self; the significance of how or whether they feel able to relate well with their team and senior colleagues; the challenges associated with switching off, feeling unable to separate work from home life and the idealised goal of being able to do just that; and lessons learnt from working through the pandemic, in particular associated with redeployment to adult intensive care.

Conclusions

Our findings align closely with the self-determination theory which stipulates autonomy, belonging and competence are required for well-being. Participants’ accounts supported existing literature demonstrating the importance of empowering individuals to become self-aware, to be skilled in self-reflection and to be proactive in managing one’s own well-being. Change at the individual and staff group level may be possible with relatively low-intensity intervention, but significant change requires systemic shifts towards the genuine prioritisation of staff well-being as a prerequisite for high-quality patient care.
Efficacy and safety of intravenous tranexamic acid in microscopic modified radical mastoidectomy: a study protocol for a prospective, randomised, double-blind controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Yunpeng , Ding Weisi , Feng Yi , An Haiyan
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Radical mastoidectomy is a common procedure for chronic suppurative otitis media, typically performed under a microscope. The smooth operation is closely related to the clarity of the operative field. Our trial is designed to investigate whether the intravenous administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) can improve the clarity of the operative field, reduce the operative time, and increase surgeon satisfaction.

Methods and analysis

This study is a prospective, randomised, double-blinded, controlled trial that aims to investigate the effects of TXA on patients with otitis media. The trial will include patients between the ages of 18 and 65 who will be randomly assigned to either the TXA group or the control group. In the TXA group, patients will receive 1 g of TXA diluted to 20 mL of normal saline before anaesthesia induction while the control group will receive 20 mL of normal saline. The primary outcome measure will be the Modena Bleeding Score, which will assess the clarity of the surgical field. Secondary outcomes will include the surgeon’s satisfaction with surgical conditions, operation time, laboratory measurements (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrin degradation products, D-dimer) and levels of inflammatory factors (such as IL-6) at 24 hours postoperatively. In addition, the incidence of general adverse reactions such as postoperative nausea, vomiting and dizziness; serious adverse events such as arterial and venous thromboembolism, myocardial infarction and epilepsy within 90 days will be compared between the two groups.

Ethics and dissemination

The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking University People’s Hospital (2021PHB173-001), on 19 July 2021. The trial results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR2100049183.
Competition or facilitation for stored soil water by cover crops in succession and additional effect of fertilization in a juvenile tung-based intercropping system
Authors: Awe G.O. , Giacomini S.J. , Reichert J.M.
Published: May 2024

Intercropping or agroforestry systems are among the strategies used to prevent soil erosion or crusting and water loss by evaporation in the bare soil during early growth stage of tree crop plantations. However, the pattern of water use in intercropped, juveline orchard crop plantations is still poorly known. This study aimed to evaluate competition or facilitation for soil water stored by cover crops in rotation and the impact of additional fertilization in a juvenile tung-based intercropping system in southern Brazil during the winter and summer periods of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 growing seasons. A split plot in randomized complete block design arrangement, with four replications, was used comprising crambe winter cover crop plus poultry manure or nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus (NPK) fertilizer; a mixture of oats and vetch, sunflower, and soybean in rotation; and sole tung as control. Cover crop intercropping significantly increased water content of the surface layer of the juvenile tung soil only at the beginning of the second growing season. The cover crops showed interspecific facilitation for water use by tung during the summer period, but no clear-cut trend for the winter cover crops. The additional organic manure did not enhance profile soil water storage. Any of the summer cover crops (soybean, sunflower, or peanut) could be used for soil and water conservation in juvenile tree crop plantations. Further studies are required during the winter season to establish whether the winter cover crops are competitors or facilitators for stored soil water in agroforestry systems.
First observation of rotational bands in the nucleus $$^{231}$$U
Authors: Roux D. G. , Bark R. A. , Lawrie E. A. , Lawrie J. J. , Ntshangase S. S. , Dinoko T. S. , Easton J. L. , Jones P. , Kheswa B. V. , Khumalo N. A. , Majola S. N. T. , Masiteng L. P. , Negi D. , Noncolela S. P. , Ndayishimye J. , Sharpey-Schafer J. F. , Shirinda O. , Uwitonze P. C.
Published: May 2024

This work reports the first rotational bands observed in the neutron-deficient nucleus $$^{231}$$

231

U. Excited states were populated in the $$^{232}$$

232

Th($$\alpha $$
α
,5n) reaction at a beam energy of 52 MeV. Coincident decay $$\gamma $$
γ
-rays were measured with the high-purity germanium detectors of the afrodite spectrometer array, in conjunction with a recoil detector to discriminate against the fission background. The bands are interpreted as the ground-state band $$\nu [633]5/2^{+}$$

ν

[
633
]

5
/

2
+

, yrast band $$\nu [752]5/2^{-}$$

ν

[
752
]

5
/

2
-

, and an excited band $$\nu [631]3/2^{+}$$

ν

[
631
]

3
/

2
+

. Configuration assignments are supported by Cranked Shell Model and B(M1)/B(E2) calculations. The excitation energy of the $$\nu [752]5/2^{-}$$

ν

[
752
]

5
/

2
-

bandhead is suggested to be 113.0 keV.
A noncommutative Bianchi I model with radiation
Authors: Oliveira-Neto G. , Abreu T. M.
Published: May 2024

In this work, we study the dynamical evolution of a homogeneous and anisotropic, noncommutative (NC) Bianchi I (BI) model coupled to a radiation perfect fluid. Our first motivation is determining if the present model tends to a homogeneous and isotropic NC Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) model, during its evolution. In order to simplify our task, we use the Misner parametrization of the BI metric. In terms of that parametrization the BI metric has three metric functions: the scale factor [Formula: see text] and the two parameters [Formula: see text], which measure the spatial anisotropy of the model. Our second motivation is trying to describe the present accelerated expansion of the universe using noncommutativity (NCTY). The NCTY is introduced by two nontrivial Poisson brackets between some geometrical as well as matter variables of the model. We recover the description in terms of commutative variables by introducing some variables transformations that depend on the NC parameter. Using those variables’ transformations, we rewrite the total NC Hamiltonian of the model in terms of commutative variables. From the resulting Hamiltonian, we obtain the dynamical equations for a generic perfect fluid. In order to solve these equations, we restrict our attention to a model in which the perfect fluid is radiation. We solve, numerically, these equations and compare the NC solutions to the corresponding commutative ones. The comparison shows that the NC model may be considered as a possible candidate for describing the accelerated expansion of the universe. Finally, we obtain estimates for the NC parameter and compare the main results of the NC BI model coupled to radiation with the same NC BI model coupled to other perfect fluids. As our main result, we show that the solutions, after some time, produce an isotropic universe. Based on that result, we can speculate that the solutions may represent an initial anisotropic stage of our Universe, that later, due to the expansion, became isotropic.
Inference Based on Sequential Order Statistics with Lindley Distribution
Authors: Chacko Manoj , John Jaaziah P.
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we consider the problem of estimation of parameters of Lindley distribution based on sequential order statistics under conditional proportional hazard rate model. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian estimation techniques are applied for estimating the unknown parameters. Markov Chain Monte Carlo method is implemented for obtaining the Bayes estimators. An intensive simulation study is carried out to assess the performance of different estimators discussed in this paper. A real data analysis is also performed for illustrative purposes.
Digital representation systems for canonical structures in the plane
Authors: Kossentini Sayed
Published: May 2024

The two-dimensional systems given by complex numbers [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text], dual numbers [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] and hyperbolic numbers [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] are, up to algebra isomorphism, the three possible associative algebra structures on [Formula: see text]. The goal of this work is to investigate canonical numbers systems for the rings of integers in the two-dimensional systems yielding digital representation systems in the plane. Kátai and Szabó [Canonical number systems for complex integers, Acta Sci. Math. 37 (1975) 255–260] proved that all complex numbers can be written in radix expansion with the natural numbers [Formula: see text] as digits. In this paper, we will characterize all canonical number systems for the rings of integers in dual and hyperbolic numbers. Finally, using the associate matrices of the two-dimensional bases, we prove that all points in the plane [Formula: see text] can be written in digital representation systems with a large class of bases, including binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal ones. In particular, we prove that a digital representation system in the plane is finite or periodic if and only if it represents a point with rational coordinates.
Finitistic spaces with the orbit space 𝔽ℙn × 𝕊m
Authors: Kumari Anju , Singh Hemant Kumar
Published: May 2024

Let [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text], act freely on a finitistic connected space [Formula: see text]. This paper gives the cohomology classification of [Formula: see text] if the mod 2 or rational cohomology of the orbit space [Formula: see text] is isomorphic to the product of a projective space and sphere [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text], respectively. For a free involution on [Formula: see text], a lower bound of covering dimension of the coincidence set of a continuous map [Formula: see text] is also determined.
A Generalized Finite Mixture Model for Asymmetric Probability Distribution Observations
Authors: Lu Cheng , Liu Jie , Meng Xianghua , Zhu Liangcong , Wei Xiaodong
Published: May 2024

Finite mixture model is a useful probabilistic model for representing the probability distributions of observations. Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is a widely used one whose parameters are always estimated by the famous EM algorithm. But when probability distributions contain asymmetric modes, GMM requires much more constituent components to achieve a satisfied accuracy. Therefore, a generalized mixture finite model is proposed. First, it adopts the derivative [Formula: see text]-PDF which can well represent the asymmetric probability distributions as the probability density. However, the differential operation and solving the likelihood equations are scarcely possible in the M step of EM algorithm for the complex expression of the derivative [Formula: see text]-PDF. Second, a pseudo EM method is proposed to avoid the abovementioned difficulty which finds the pseudo maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters by utilizing the moment matching principle. It more easily estimates the parameters by solving a series of moment matching equations. Finally, four examples are presented to verify that the proposed generalized finite mixture model has advantage on representing the asymmetric probability distributions observations.
Exploring Weight Functions: A Family of One-Point Methods for Multiple Roots
Authors: Chun Changbum , Jung Dohee , Kwon Soonhak
Published: May 2024

In this paper we introduce a family of one-point methods for multiple roots using weight functions. We analyze the necessary conditions for the weight function to achieve third-order accuracy, and then present a sequence of rational weight functions for a complex quadratic function. The resulting members of the family exhibit Julia sets that align with the perpendicular bisector of the roots. We compare selected members with existing methods based on basin of attraction analysis, demonstrating their competitive performance. Additionally, we investigate the influence of root multiplicity on the fractal structures of basin of attraction for equations with both simple and multiple roots.
Generating a Multi-Material Lattice Structure through a Modified Relative Density Mapping Algorithm
Authors: Li Siqi , Bai Yingchun , Lin Cheng
Published: May 2024

Multi-material lattice structures demonstrate superior mechanical advantages and lightweight potential, enabling it preferable in many engineering fields, especially with the rise of additive manufacturing. However, employing multi-scale topology optimization inherently involves computational complexities of designing the macromaterial distribution and microlattice geometric size simultaneously. In this paper, a modified relative density mapping (MRDM) method is proposed, which generates a multi-material lattice structure by projecting the continuum multi-material topology optimization results. The proposed method extends the standard relative density mapping (RDM) method to multi-material problem and improves the performance. To achieve such purpose, a new mapping relation considering multi-material density and stress information is introduced to generate mapping weight of materials, which is the most novel contribution. Second, to avoid intersection of different materials, two types of material mapping strategies, namely continuous mapping strategy, and discrete mapping strategy, are introduced to generate multi-material lattice structure using the mapping weight of materials. Several numerical examples are exhibited, which demonstrate that the proposed method is capable of generating a multi-material lattice structure with clear material interface and good performance.
Pharmacokinetics of disulphonated tetraphenyl chlorin (fimaporfin/TPCS2a) in a rat glioma model– methodology
Authors: Gederaas Odrun A. , Lindgren Mikael , Stigen Kari , Høgset Anders , Hirschberg Henry
Published: May 2024

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive cancers in humans, with low survival rates for many cancers after surgery, ionizing radiation, or chemotherapy. Because of that, the interest in developing new treatment technologies and using alternative substances is continuously increasing, and rodent brain tumor models are useful for developing effective therapies for GBM. Herin, the photosensitizing potential of the photosensitizer meso-tetraphenyl chlorin disulphonate (fimaporfin/TPCS[Formula: see text], AmphinexⓇ) has been evaluated by a rat orthotopic glioma model, 10 days after intracranial instillation of F98 cells in hippocampus of Fisher 344 rats. The injection of fimaporfin (3 mg/200 g rat) was performed in one of the tumor-bearing animals’ tail veins, followed by in vivo fluorescence imaging, whole heads, bodies, and ex vivoanalyses of glioma tumors and blood samples. The tumor localization and size in the hippocampus were documented by MRI 9 days after F98 cell instillation and the results indicate no fluorescence in the blood samples post 6 days after intravenous injection. Interestingly, the present model documents a clear fluorescence in the glioma ex vivo analyses 18 days after F98 cell instillation in the hippocampus (10 days post-PDT), which shows a fimaporfin accumulation in gliomas much longer than in the circulating blood.
Withdrawn Article: Clarity in Wireless Quantum Communication: Exploring Explainable AI for Signal Modulation Classification
Authors: Han Huimin , Zeeshan Zeeshan , Asif Muhammad , Hasnain Ahmad , Al-Razgan Muna , Ali Yasser A.
Published: May 2024

After further review and discussions among the authors, we want to do further experiment to improve the existing premature results. Specifically, authors want to add more complex analysis to support the results. Given the importance of maintaining the highest standards of academic integrity, we believe that withdrawal is the most appropriate course of action. All authors are fully aware of this decision and have agreed to the withdrawal. We have had several rounds of correspondence regarding this matter, and all authors have been included in these communications to ensure transparency and prevent any potential disputes in the future.
Exploring the Effect of TiO2 Coating on Na0.85Li0.12Ni0.22Mn0.66O2 Cathode Materials for Na-Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Hongfeng , Wang Yingshuai , Wang Yusong , Safdar Amna , Wu Feng , Gao Hongcai
Published: May 2024

Layered transition metal oxides have great potential as cathode materials for sodium ion batteries, but some limitations like structural instability and poor rate performance restricts its further application. To overcome the above issues, a simultaneously modified P2-type cathode of Na0.85Li0.12Ni0.22Mn0.66O2 with 1% weight TiO2 coating (NLNMO-1%wt TiO2) based on doping and coating approaches was prepared by high-temperature solid-state reaction and liquid phase coating. This new strategy reduces the relative content of Mn3+, which suppresses the Jahn-Teller effect and enhanes the structural stability. The as-prepared cathode shows improved rate capability, with a high reversible capacity of 111.4 mAh g−1 at 1 C and a capacity retention of 94.5% after 100 cycles. At 5 C, it maintains a capacity of 87.1 mAh g−1 at 5 C with capacity retention of 81.8% after 400 cycles. Additionally, it provides a stable CEI film, reducing side reactions and electrode pulverization. which could be confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Overall, this synergistic modification strategy provides a pathway for improving the electrochemical performance of layered oxide cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries.
Platinum-Particle-Assisted Etching of Low-, Moderately-, and Highly-Doped p-Type Silicon: Change of Composite Porous Structure
Authors: Azuma Kyohei , Matsumoto Ayumu , Nishinaka Rin , Yae Shinji
Published: May 2024

Metal-assisted etching (metal-assisted chemical etching) is an efficient method to fabricate porous silicon (Si). When using platinum (Pt) particles as metal catalysts in metal-assisted etching, a composite porous structure of straight macropores formed beneath the Pt particles and a mesoporous layer formed on the entire surface of Si can be fabricated. The formation mechanism of the composite structure is still open to discussion. We previously demonstrated that the ratio of mesoporous layer thickness to macropore depth showed a large value (approximately 1.1) in the case of highly-doped p-Si. In this study, we investigated the composite structure formation by using p-Si substrates with different doping densities and etching solutions with different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). There was not significant difference in the structures formed on low- and moderately-doped Si, despite the large difference in doping density. The ratio of mesoporous layer thickness to macropore depth increased within the range approximately from 0.1 to 0.4 with increasing the H2O2 concentration in the case of low- and moderately-doped Si, but it did not change in the case of highly-doped Si. We discussed the observation results based on the spatial distribution of hole consumption and the band structures at Pt/Si and Si/electrolyte interfaces.
Pneumonectomy combined with SU5416 or monocrotaline pyrrole does not cause severe pulmonary hypertension in mice
Authors: Sun Xiao-Qing , Klouda Timothy , Barnasconi Suzanne , Schalij Ingrid , Schwab Janne , Nielsen-Kudsk Anders Hammer , Axelsen Julie Sørensen , Andersen Asger , Aman Jurjan , de Man Frances S. , Bogaard Harm Jan , Yuan Ke , Yoshida Keimei
Published: May 2024

We attempted to establish a mouse model of severe and irreversible pulmonary hypertension by substituting hypoxia with pulmonary overcirculation. To do so, we treated mice with either SU5416 or monocrotaline pyrrole after pneumonectomy and performed hemodynamic evaluations for PH. Despite this “two-hit” protocol, mice did not exhibit signs of severe pulmonary hypertension or exacerbated pulmonary vascular remodeling compared with PNx alone.
Compression of time in double-step saccades
Authors: Zimmermann Eckart
Published: May 2024

Visually defined temporal intervals appear compressed at the time of saccades. Here, I tested time perception during double-step saccades dissociating saccade planning from execution. Although around the time of the first saccade, peak compression was found at saccade onset, compression around the time of the second saccade peaked 70 ms before saccade onset. The results suggest that saccade motor planning influences time perception.
Psilocybin decreases neural responsiveness and increases functional connectivity while preserving pure-tone frequency selectivity in mouse auditory cortex
Authors: Brockett Adam T. , Francis Nikolas A.
Published: May 2024

Recent studies have shown promising therapeutic potential for psychedelics in treating neuropsychiatric conditions. Musical experience during psilocybin-assisted therapy is predictive of treatment outcome, yet little is known about how psilocybin affects auditory processing. Here, we conducted two-photon imaging experiments in auditory cortex of awake mice that received a dose of psilocybin. Our results suggest that psilocybin modulates the roles of intrinsic neural activity versus stimulus-driven influences on auditory perception.
Wireless monitoring of respiration with EEG reveals relationships between respiration, behaviour and brain activity in freely moving mice
Authors: Dasgupta Debanjan , Schneider-Luftman Deborah , Schaefer Andreas T. , Harris Julia J.
Published: May 2024

Active sampling in the olfactory domain is an important aspect of mouse behaviour, and there is increasing evidence that respiration-entrained neural activity outside of the olfactory system sets an important global brain rhythm. It is therefore important to accurately measure breathing during natural behaviours. We develop a new approach to do this in freely moving animals, by implanting a telemetry-based pressure sensor into the right jugular vein, which allows for wireless monitoring of thoracic pressure. After verifying this technique against standard head-fixed respiration measurements, we combined it with EEG and EMG recording and used evolving partial coherence analysis to investigate the relationship between respiration and brain activity across a range of experiments in which the mice could move freely. During voluntary exploration of odours and objects, we found that the association between respiration and cortical delta and theta rhythms decreased, while the association between respiration and cortical alpha rhythm increased. During sleep, however, the presentation of an odour was able to cause a transient increase in sniffing without changing dominant sleep rhythms (delta and theta) in the cortex. Our data align with the emerging idea that the respiration rhythm could act as a synchronising scaffold for specific brain rhythms during wakefulness and exploration, but suggest that respiratory changes are less able to impact brain activity during sleep. Combining wireless respiration monitoring with different types of brain recording across a variety of behaviours will further increase our understanding of the important links between active sampling, passive respiration, and neural activity.
Hankel Determinants for the Logarithmic Coefficients of a Subclass of Close-to-Star Functions
Authors: Guo Dong , Tang Huo , Zhang Jun , Xu Qingbing , Li Zongtao
Published: May 2024

Suppose that ST1 is a class of close-to-star functions. In this paper, we investigated the estimate of Zalcman functional on the logarithmic coefficients and the third Hankel determinant for the class ST1 with the determinant entry of logarithmic coefficients. Also, we obtained the sharp bounds of Zalcman functional J2,4f and J3,3f for the class ST1.
Odor‐Active Compounds in Flexible Polyurethane Materials
Authors: Minig Charlotte , Reglitz Klaas , Steinhaus Martin
Published: May 2024

Flexible polyurethane (PU) materials find extensive use in upholstery, mattresses, and automobiles, yet the molecular background of their odor is still inadequately understood. To address this gap, we aimed at identifying major odorants in fifteen samples representing eight common types of flexible PU materials. The volatiles isolated from the samples were subjected to activity‐guided screening via gas chromatography‐olfactometry. Structures were assigned by comparing odor, retention data, and mass spectra to those of authentic reference compounds. This approach led to the identification of 50 odorants, 39 of which had not previously been described in PU. The odorants belonged to a wide range of compound classes, including tertiary amines, fatty acid oxidation products, short‐chain aldehydes, trioxocanes, pyrazines, aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocycles, chlorinated compounds, phenol derivatives, fragrance compounds, and nitriles. For some odorants, further insights were gained into their origins and release behavior. For example, the odorous 1,4‐dimethylpiperazine had been used as a catalyst, and propanal was shown to be not only a PU odorant but also the precursor of an odor‐active trioxocane. Additionally, the quantitation of acetaldehyde and propanal suggested their continuous regeneration from the samples. While the sources of other compounds still have to be clarified, the data obtained in this study could pave the way for odor reduction strategies in the production of PU materials, ultimately resulting in an improved odor and consumer experience.
Predicting New Graduate Nurses’ Retention during Transition Using Decision Tree Methods: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Lee Taewha , Yoon Yea Seul , Ji Yoonjung
Published: May 2024

Background. Although retaining new nurses is imperative for the future of the nursing profession, it remains a challenging task in the healthcare industry. Understanding the career journey of new graduates as they transition from students to nurses is vital. However, longitudinal studies investigating the factors influencing retention during this period are lacking. Aim. The aim of this study is to identify the influencing factors and develop a longitudinal prediction model for new graduate nurse retention. Methods. A secondary data analysis was conducted using the New Nurse e-Cohort Study dataset from two survey periods, November–December 2020 and February–March 2022. The participants were categorized into either retention or turnover groups based on their turnover experiences. A decision tree based on classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was utilized. Results. Of the total 586 participants, 463 (79%) were in the retention group. The CART model highlighted that new nurses’ retention was significantly associated with younger age, higher readiness for practice (clinical problem-solving) during the nursing program, lower transition shock (such as confusion in professional values, loss of social support, and conflicts between theory and practice), and a higher person-environment fit (person-job fit). The predictive accuracy of the CART model was 79.7%. Conclusion. To retain new nurses, nursing educators and hospital managers should collaborate to prepare nursing students for actual practice, offer support during organizational socialization, and foster healthy professional values for competence in the workplace. Implications for Nursing Management. Transforming the educational strategies of nursing programs and hospital management policies is imperative to ultimately enhance the retention of new graduate nurses.
Palm Multidiagnostic of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae Using One‐Tube CRISPR/Cas12a
Authors: Kan Xingchi , Wu Yue , Zhang Xiyue , Zeng Zihan , Lou Chen , Wu Lina , Huang Xingxu , Wang Xinjie , Huang Baicheng
Published: May 2024

The recent high incidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) infections has raised widespread public health concerns. Therefore, rapid and accurate diagnosis of respiratory pathogenic microbial infections is of paramount importance to provide clinicians with accurate diagnostic insights and guide clinical medication. In response to this urgent need, we developed a one‐tube Palm CRISPR/Cas12a Diagnostic (PaCD) method. This method facilitates the rapid detection of Mp infections, as well as three other prevalent respiratory pathogens, Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp), Haemophilus influenzae (Hi), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP). In addition, 3D printing was employed to fabricate a compact detection device that includes a temperature control module set at 39°C and a blue light irradiation module, significantly enhancing the feasibility of point‐of‐care testing. The PaCD diagnostic process takes only 30 min with a detection limit of 50 copies/test, making it suitable for analysis of sputum and throat swab samples. PaCD demonstrated 100% concordance (72/72) with next‐generation sequencing and exhibited high concordance with computed tomography test results. These findings demonstrate the clinical feasibility of PaCD for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of infections caused by four prevalent respiratory pathogens, offering theoretical insights into the versatile application of point‐of‐care tests for the detection of other respiratory pathogens in various clinical scenarios.
Reactive Angioendotheliomatosis in Association with Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Afiouni R. , Abadjian G. , Stephan F.
Published: May 2024

Reactive angioendotheliomatosis (RAE) is a rare benign skin condition characterized histologically by the proliferation of dermal vessels and endothelial cells that occurs secondary to an underlying disease such as infections or lymphoproliferative disorders. To our knowledge, no previous cases of RAE associated with ulcerative colitis (UC) were reported in the literature. Therefore, we report the case of a 46-year-old man with a history of UC presenting with RAE confirmed on histopathology and immunostaining.
Circadian Rhythms Fluctuate the Treatment Effects of Intravesical Treatments on Rat Urinary Frequency Models
Authors: Watanabe Tomofumi , Sadahira Takuya , Tominaga Yusuke , Maruyama Yuki , Nagasaki Naoya , Sekito Takanori , Edamura Kohei , Watanabe Toyohiko , Araki Motoo , Watanabe Masami
Published: May 2024

Objectives. It is still not clear how the intravesical instillation of drugs affects rat urinary frequency. This study aimed to examine the dynamics of intravesical treatments’ treatment effect on rat urinary frequency models by real‐time and extended monitoring using a novel continuous urination monitoring system. Methods. Nine eleven‐week‐old female Wistar rats were divided into three groups to receive intravesical instillation of 0.1% acetic acid (AA), 1.0% AA, or phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS). Thirty minutes later, these drugs were voided, and rats were moved to a continuous urination monitoring system, UM‐100. UM‐100 monitored rat urination quantitatively and continuously for 24 hours. Rats were then euthanized, and histopathologic examinations using a damage score validated the severity of bladder inflammation. We used nine additional rats to determine the treatment effect of various drugs against the urinary frequency. These rats were also treated with 1.0% AA in the same way and divided into three groups (n = 3 each) to receive intravesical instillation of lidocaine, silver nitrate (AgNO3), or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), respectively. Thirty minutes later, rats were catheterized again and moved to the UM‐100, and their voiding was monitored for 24 hours. Results. Intravesical instillation of AA increased the urinary frequency and decreased the mean voided volume (VV) in a concentration‐dependent manner, with statistical significance at a concentration of 1.0% (urinary frequency; p = 0.0007, mean VV; p = 0.0032, respectively) compared with PBS. Histopathological analysis of these models demonstrated a significantly higher damage score of bladder mucosa in both 0.1% AA and 1.0% AA compared with PBS, with the severity in concordance with the clinical severity of urinary frequency (0.1% AA: p < 0.0001, 1.0% AA: p < 0.0001). Moreover, intravesical instillation of lidocaine, AgNO3, and DMSO decreased the urinary frequency. Continuous monitoring with UM‐100 also demonstrated that the treatment effect of these intravesically instilled drugs occurred only at night. Conclusions. The extended monitoring of rat urination by UM‐100 revealed a significant fluctuation in the treatment effect of intravesically instilled drugs between day and night. These findings may help establish novel therapies for urinary frequency.
Molecular Structure, Spectroscopic, Frontier Molecular Orbital Analysis, Molecular Docking Studies, and In Vitro DNA-Binding Studies of Osmium(II)-Cymene Complexes with Aryl Phosphine and Aryl Phosphonium Assemblies
Authors: Tapala Kgaugelo C. , Ndlangamandla Nqobile G. , Ngoepe Mpho P. , Clayton Hadley S.
Published: May 2024

X-ray crystallography, spectroscopy, computational methods, molecular docking studies, and in vitro DNA-binding studies have been useful in the investigations of intermolecular and intramolecular interactions of osmium-cymene oxalato complexes with aryl phosphine and aryl phosphonium groups in both primary and secondary coordination spheres, respectively. Molecular structures of the novel complexes PPh4[Os(η6-p-cymene)Br(κ2-O,O′-C2O4)] (1) and [Os(η6-p-cymene) (κ2-O,O′-C2O4)PPh3] (2) were resolved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD). Primary and secondary coordination sphere contacts were investigated using Hirshfeld surface analysis which was supported by molecular docking (MD) studies. The MD data obtained predicted significant differences in binding energy across three receptors for the two osmium complexes. An in vitro DNA-binding study was accomplished using UV-Vis spectroscopy which showed that both 1 and 2 bond with DNA through an intercalation approach. The optimized molecular geometry, frontier molecular orbital (EHOMO and ELUMO) energies, global electrophilicity index (ω), chemical hardness (η), chemical potential (µ), and the energy band gap (EHOMO–ELUMO) were calculated utilizing density functional theory (DFT) methods. Computed structural parameters (bond lengths and angles) support the experimental single-crystal XRD data.