bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of the WHO Hemoglobin Color Scale Method
Authors: Darshana Leeniyagala Gamaralalage Thamal , Uluwaduge Deepthi Inoka
Published: April 2014

This study was carried out to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of WHO color scale in screening anemia during blood donor selection in Sri Lanka. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted by the Medical Laboratory Sciences Unit of University of Sri Jayewardenepura in collaboration with National Blood Transfusion Centre, Sri Lanka. A total of 100 subjects participated in this study. Hemoglobin value of each participant was analyzed by both WHO color scale method and cyanmethemoglobin method. Bland-Altman plot was used to determine the agreement between the two methods. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, false positive, and negative rates were calculated. The sensitivity of the WHO color scale was very low. The highest sensitivity observed was 55.55% in hemoglobin concentrations >13.1 g/dL and the lowest was 28.57% in hemoglobin concentrations between 7.1 and 9.0 g/dL. The mean difference between the WHO color scale and the cyanmethemoglobin method was 0.2 g/dL (95% confidence interval; 3.2 g/dL above and 2.8 g/dL below). Even though the WHO color scale is an inexpensive and portable method for field studies, from the overall results in this study it is concluded that WHO color scale is an inaccurate method to screen anemia during blood donations.
Geographic Mapping of Crohn’s Disease and Its Relation to Affluence in Jiangsu Province, an Eastern Coastal Province of China
Authors: Hu Dong , Ren Jianan , Wang Gefei , Gu Guosheng , Liu Song , Wu Xiuwen , Chen Jun , Ren Huajian , Hong Zhiwu , Li Jieshou
Published: April 2014

Background. Geographical variation in the incidence of Crohn’s disease (CD) has been reported in Europe and North American. However, there are no comparable data in mainland China.Methods. We retrospectively identified incident cases of CD patients registered in Jinling hospital during 2003 to 2012. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was calculated for each area of Jiangsu province and a thematic map of CD was made according to the local SIR. The association between incidence and local economic status was revealed by correlation between SIR of CD and different local economic indicators.Results. A total of 653 CD patients (male-to-female ratio, 1.8 : 1) from Jiangsu province were included. A steady increase was observed in the number of CD patients over the period of observation. Disease map of SIR showed a pronounced geographic concentration of CD in the south part of Jiangsu province. Spearman correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between local SIR of CD and local economic indicators.Conclusions. There is a marked geographic variability in CD incidence across Jiangsu province. CD incidence in affluent areas seems to be higher than that in less affluent areas. Further multicenter population-based studies are needed to assess the real disease map of CD.
A Shifted Jacobi-Gauss Collocation Scheme for Solving Fractional Neutral Functional-Differential Equations
Authors: Bhrawy A. H. , Alghamdi M. A.
Published: April 2014

The shifted Jacobi-Gauss collocation (SJGC) scheme is proposed and implemented to solve the fractional neutral functional-differential equations with proportional delays. The technique we have proposed is based upon shifted Jacobi polynomials with the Gauss quadrature integration technique. The main advantage of the shifted Jacobi-Gauss scheme is to reduce solving the generalized fractional neutral functional-differential equations to a system of algebraic equations in the unknown expansion. Reasonable numerical results are achieved by choosing few shifted Jacobi-Gauss collocation nodes. Numerical results demonstrate the accuracy, and versatility of the proposed algorithm.
Substitution of Soy Protein for Casein Prevents Oxidative Modification and Inflammatory Response Induced in Rats Fed High Fructose Diet
Authors: Sreeja S. , Geetha Rajagopalan , Priyadarshini Emayavaramban , Bhavani Krishnamoorthy , Anuradha Carani Venkatraman
Published: April 2014

Fructose-rich diet is known to cause metabolic dysregulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. We aimed to compare the effects of two dietary proteins of animal and plant origins on fructose-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory changes in liver. Wistar rats were fed either starch or fructose (60%) diet with casein or soy protein (20%) as the protein source for 8 weeks. Glucose and insulin, glycated hemoglobin and fructosamine, AOPP, and FRAP were determined in circulation. Intracellular ROS, oxidatively modified proteins (4-HNE and 3-NT adducts), adiponectin, TNF-α, IL-6 and PAI-1 mRNA expression, phosphorylation and activation of JNK and IKKβ, and NF-κB binding activity were assayed in liver. In comparison with starch fed group, fructose + casein group registered significant decline in antioxidant potential and increase in plasma glucose, insulin, and glycated proteins. Increased ROS production, 4-HNE and 3-NT modified proteins, JNK and IKKβ activation, and NF-κB binding activity were observed in them along with increased gene expression of PAI-1, IL-6, and TNF-α and decreased adiponectin expression. Substitution of soy protein for casein reduced oxidative modification and inflammatory changes in fructose-fed rats. These data suggest that soy protein but not casein can avert the adverse effects elicited by chronic consumption of fructose.
Local Community Detection in Complex Networks Based on Maximum Cliques Extension
Authors: Fanrong Meng , Mu Zhu , Yong Zhou , Ranran Zhou
Published: April 2014

Detecting local community structure in complex networks is an appealing problem that has attracted increasing attention in various domains. However, most of the current local community detection algorithms, on one hand, are influenced by the state of the source node and, on the other hand, cannot effectively identify the multiple communities linked with the overlapping nodes. We proposed a novel local community detection algorithm based on maximum clique extension called LCD‐MC. The proposed method firstly finds the set of all the maximum cliques containing the source node and initializes them as the starting local communities; then, it extends each unclassified local community by greedy optimization until a certain objective is satisfied; finally, the expected local communities will be obtained until all maximum cliques are assigned into a community. An empirical evaluation using both synthetic and real datasets demonstrates that our algorithm has a superior performance to some of the state‐of‐the‐art approaches.
Cytoskeleton and Adhesion in Myogenesis
Authors: Costa Manoel Luís
Published: April 2014

The function of muscle is to contract, which means to exert force on a substrate. The adaptations required for skeletal muscle differentiation, from a prototypic cell, involve specialization of housekeeping cytoskeletal contracting and supporting systems into crystalline arrays of proteins. Here I discuss the changes that all three cytoskeletal systems (microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules) undergo through myogenesis. I also discuss their interaction, through the membrane, to extracellular matrix and to other cells, where force will be exerted during contraction. The three cytoskeletal systems are necessary for the muscle cell and must exert complementary roles in the cell. Muscle is a responsive system, where structure and function are integrated: the structural adaptations it undergoes depend on force production. In this way, the muscle cytoskeleton is a portrait of its physiology. I review the cytoskeletal proteins and structures involved in muscle function and focus particularly on their role in myogenesis, the process by which this incredible muscle machine is made. Although the focus is on skeletal muscle, some of the discussion is applicable to cardiac and smooth muscle.
Far-Field Pattern Reconstruction from Near-Field Data Collected via a Nonconventional Plane-Rectangular Scanning: Experimental Testing
Authors: D’Agostino Francesco , De Colibus Ilaria , Ferrara Flaminio , Gennarelli Claudio , Guerriero Rocco , Migliozzi Massimo
Published: April 2014

This paper deals with the experimental validation of an efficient near-field-far-field (NF-FF) transformation using the planar wide-mesh scanning (PWMS). Such a nonconventional plane-rectangular scanning technique is so named, since the sample grid is characterized by meshes wider and wider when going away from the center, and makes it possible to lower the number of needed measurements, as well as the time required for the data acquisition when dealing with quasi-planar antennas. It relies on the use of the nonredundant sampling representations of electromagnetic fields which employ an oblate ellipsoid or a surface formed by two circular “bowls” with the same aperture diameter but eventually different bending radii to shape a quasi-planar antenna. A two-dimensional optimal sampling interpolation formula allows the reconstruction of the NF data at any point on the measurement plane and, in particular, at those required by the classical NF-FF transformation with the conventional plane-rectangular scanning. The measurements, performed at the planar NF facility of the antenna characterization laboratories of Selex ES, have confirmed the effectiveness of this innovative scanning also from the experimental viewpoint.
Strong Convergence of the Split-Stepθ-Method for Stochastic Age-Dependent Capital System with Random Jump Magnitudes
Authors: Tan Jianguo , Rathinasamy A. , Wang Hongli , Guo Yongfeng
Published: April 2014

We develop a new split-stepθ(SSθ) method for stochastic age-dependent capital system with random jump magnitudes. The main aim of this paper is to investigate the convergence of the SSθmethod for a class of stochastic age-dependent capital system with random jump magnitudes. It is proved that the proposed method is convergent with strong order 1/2 under given conditions. Finally, an example is simulated to verify the results obtained from theory.
Acupuncture for Preventing Complications after Radical Hysterectomy: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Yi Wei-min , Chen Qing , Liu Chang-hao , Hou Jia-yun , Chen Liu-dan , Wu Wei-kang
Published: April 2014

We aimed to investigate the preventive effects of acupuncture for complications after radical hysterectomy. A single‐center randomized controlled single‐blinded trial was performed in a western‐style hospital in China. One hundred and twenty patients after radical hysterectomy were randomly allocated to two groups and started acupuncture from sixth postoperative day for five consecutive days. Sanyinjiao (SP6), Shuidao (ST28), and Epangxian III (MS4) were selected with electrical stimulation and Zusanli (ST36) without electrical stimulation for thirty minutes in treatment group. Binao (LI14) was selected as sham acupuncture point without any stimulation in control group. The main outcome measures were bladder function and prevalence of postoperative complications. Compared with control group, treatment group reported significantly improved bladder function in terms of maximal cystometric capacity, first voiding desire, maximal flow rate, residual urine, and bladder compliance, and decreased bladder sensory loss, incontinence, and urinary retention on fifteenth and thirtieth postoperative days. Treatment group showed significant advantage in reduction of urinary tract infection on thirtieth postoperative day. But no significant difference between groups was observed for lymphocyst formation. By improving postoperative bladder function, early intervention of acupuncture may provide a valuable alternative method to prevent bladder dysfunctional disorders and urinary tract infection after radical hysterectomy.
Associated Clustering Strategy for Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Sun Yajuan , Wang Huanzhao , Zhang Kewang , Yang Xudong
Published: April 2014

We consider the soil moisture monitoring problem and propose a WSN associated clustering strategy based on spatiotemporal data correlation, which ensures that the nodes within each cluster can share a good data correlation and consequently makes the cluster head do the data fusion more efficiently. As a result, the energy of each node will be saved and the lifetime of the whole sensor network will be extended. In the associated clustering strategy, the different clusters can be divided by the correlation characteristics of nodes data, which is based on a dynamic model and a correlation characteristics model after the correlation coefficient analysis. Simulation results show that our proposed associated clustering strategy works very well in soil moisture measurement. Moreover, as compared with the traditional random clustering, the associated clustering strategy based on data correlation achieves better performance for each cluster, and will be more efficient in data fusion at the cluster heads.
Least Squares Pure Imaginary Solution and Real Solution of the Quaternion Matrix EquationAXB+CXD=Ewith the Least Norm
Authors: Yuan Shi-Fang
Published: April 2014

Using the Kronecker product of matrices, the Moore-Penrose generalized inverse, and the complex representation of quaternion matrices, we derive the expressions of least squares solution with the least norm, least squares pure imaginary solution with the least norm, and least squares real solution with the least norm of the quaternion matrix equationAXB+CXD=E, respectively.
Signal Processing for Digital Beamforming FMCW SAR
Authors: Xin Qin , Jiang Zhihong , Cheng Pu , He Mi
Published: April 2014

According to the limitations of single channel Frequency Modulation Continuous Wave (FMCW) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), Digital Beamforming (DBF) technology is introduced to improve system performance. Combined with multiple receive apertures, DBF FMCW SAR can obtain high resolution in low pulse repetition frequency, which can increase the processing gain and decrease the sampling frequency. The received signal model of DBF FMCW SAR is derived. The continuous antenna motion which is the main characteristic of FMCW SAR received signal is taken into account in the whole signal processing. The detailed imaging diagram of DBF FMCW SAR is given. A reference system is also demonstrated in the paper by comparing with a single channel FMCW SAR. The validity of the presented diagram is demonstrated with a point target simulation results.
Proposed M-Payment System Using Near-Field Communication and Based on WSN-Enabled Location-Based Services for M-Commerce
Authors: Noh Sun-Kuk , Lee Seong-Ro , Choi DongYou
Published: April 2014

Advances in mobile communication and information technology have resulted in wireless sensor network (WSN) systems in which mobile phones (smart phones) can be used to conduct a wide variety of commercial, social, entertainment, and file-sharing transactions. In particular, mobile commerce (m-commerce) allows users to conduct payment, business, and service transactions over portable mobile devices. This trend has been enhanced by the development of near-field communication (NFC) technology and the increased market for NFC-embedded (smart phones). NFC technology is a standards-based wireless communication technology that allows data to be exchanged between devices located a few centimeters apart, such as radio-frequency identification (RFID tags and readers). To refine the m-commerce process in the NFC-based mobile environment, we study NFC and location-based services propose a WSN-hosted m-payment system based on these technologies.
Force Magnitude Reconstruction Using the Force Transmissibility Concept
Authors: Lage Y. E. , Maia N. M. M. , Neves M. M.
Published: April 2014

This paper proposes the reconstruction of forces, based on the direct and inverse problems of transmissibility in multiple degree of freedom (MDOF) systems. The objective and novelty are to use the force transmissibility to calculate reactions given the applied loads (and vice versa). This method, relating two sets of forces, proves to be an alternative to the common inverse problem based on the measurement of FRFs and operational accelerations to determine operational forces, as it can be advantageous in some cases. This implies thea prioriknowledge of the transmissibility of the structure, either experimentally or numerically. In this study a finite element model is built, describing with enough accuracy the dynamic behavior of the structure. The numerical model will play a key role in the construction of the transmissibility matrix; this will be used to evaluate either the reaction or the applied forces, using experimental data. This constitutes a hybrid methodology, which is validated experimentally. The authors present several comparisons between reconstructed and experimentally measured sets of forces. It is shown that the proposed method is able to produce good results in the reconstruction of the forces, underlining its potential for other structures and possible applications.
Coupled Model of Artificial Neural Network and Grey Model for Tendency Prediction of Labor Turnover
Authors: Ma Yueru , Peng Lijun
Published: April 2014

The tendency of labor turnover in the Chinese enterprise shows the characteristics of seasonal fluctuations and irregular distribution of various factors, especially the Chinese traditional social and cultural characteristics. In this paper, we present a coupled model for the tendency prediction of labor turnover. In the model, a time series of tendency prediction of labor turnover was expressed as trend item and its random item. Trend item of tendency prediction of labor turnover is predicted using Grey theory. Random item of trend item is calculated by artificial neural network model (ANN). A case study is presented by the data of 24 months in a Chinese matured enterprise. The model uses the advantages of “accumulative generation” of a Grey prediction method, which weakens the original sequence of random disturbance factors and increases the regularity of data. It also takes full advantage of the ANN model approximation performance, which has a capacity to solve economic problems rapidly, describes the nonlinear relationship easily, and avoids the defects of Grey theory.
On Inequality Applicable to Partial Dynamic Equations
Authors: Pachpatte Deepak B.
Published: April 2014

The main objective of the paper is to study new integral inequality on time scales which is used for the study of some partial dynamic equations. Some applications of our results are also given.
Application Study of Edge Detection for Droplet in Laser Enhanced GMAW Welding
Authors: Jialei Zhu , Xiangdong Jiao , Xi Qiao
Published: April 2014

Ambient pressure has a certain inhibiting effect on underwater welding droplet transfer and the stability of welding process. Good droplet transfer of underwater welding plays an important role in improving repairing quality of underwater structures. As an additional droplet separating force, laser provides effective means in improving the welding quality. For quantitative analysis and comparison of laser enhanced effect on droplet transfer, a high-speed camera system to shoot the process of welding droplet transfer was designed and by adopting the frequency domain operation, a filter aiming at image processing of welding droplet was also designed to filter the ambient noise and diffraction fringe. Through edge detection algorithm, edges of droplet images were detected, and the size of droplet was computed accurately with welding wire as the reference. At last, droplets’ statues under different welding parameters were compared. The results show that the clear images of GMAW droplet separated from the noise background can be acquired, which makes the high-precision quantitative analysis of laser enhanced effect possible. All of the results lay a foundation for further test of laser enhanced hyperbaric underwater welding.
Novel Methylated Biomarkers and a Robust Assay to Detect Circulating Tumor DNA in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Fackler Mary Jo , Lopez Bujanda Zoila , Umbricht Christopher , Teo Wei Wen , Cho Soonweng , Zhang Zhe , Visvanathan Kala , Jeter Stacie , Argani Pedram , Wang Chenguang , Lyman Jaclyn P. , de Brot Marina , Ingle James N. , Boughey Judy , McGuire Kandace , King Tari A. , Carey Lisa A. , Cope Leslie , Wolff Antonio C. , Sukumar Saraswati
Published: April 2014

The ability to consistently detect cell-free tumor-specific DNA in peripheral blood of patients with metastatic breast cancer provides the opportunity to detect changes in tumor burden and to monitor response to treatment. We developed cMethDNA, a quantitative multiplexed methylation-specific PCR assay for a panel of ten genes, consisting of novel and known breast cancer hypermethylated markers identified by mining our previously reported study of DNA methylation patterns in breast tissue (103 cancer, 21 normal on the Illumina HumanMethylation27 Beadchip) and then validating the 10-gene panel in The Cancer Genome Atlas project breast cancer methylome database. For cMethDNA, a fixed physiologic level (50 copies) of artificially constructed, standard nonhuman reference DNA specific for each gene is introduced in a constant volume of serum (300 μL) before purification of the DNA, facilitating a sensitive, specific, robust, and quantitative assay of tumor DNA, with broad dynamic range. Cancer-specific methylated DNA was detected in training (28 normal, 24 cancer) and test (27 normal, 33 cancer) sets of recurrent stage IV patient sera with a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 96% in the test set. In a pilot study, cMethDNA assay faithfully reflected patient response to chemotherapy (N = 29). A core methylation signature present in the primary breast cancer was retained in serum and metastatic tissues collected at autopsy two to 11 years after diagnosis of the disease. Together, our data suggest that the cMethDNA assay can detect advanced breast cancer, and monitor tumor burden and treatment response in women with metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Res; 74(8); 2160–70. ©2014 AACR.
Molecular Pathways: Interleukin-15 Signaling in Health and in Cancer
Authors: Mishra Anjali , Sullivan Laura , Caligiuri Michael A.
Published: April 2014

Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in the development, survival, proliferation, and activation of multiple lymphocyte lineages utilizing a variety of signaling pathways. IL-15 utilizes three distinct receptor chains in at least two different combinations to signal and exert its effects on the immune system. The binding of IL-15 to its receptor complex activates an “immune-enhancing” signaling cascade in natural killer cells and subsets of T cells, as well as the induction of a number of proto-oncogenes. Additional studies have explored the role of IL-15 in the development and progression of cancer, notably leukemia of large granular lymphocytes, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. This review provides an overview of the molecular events in the IL-15 signaling pathway and the aberrancies in its regulation that are associated with chronic inflammation and cancer. We briefly explore the potential therapeutic opportunities that have arisen as a result of these studies to further the treatment of cancer. These involve both targeting the disruption of IL-15 signaling as well as IL-15–mediated enhancement of innate and antigen-specific immunity. Clin Cancer Res; 20(8); 2044–50. ©2014 AACR.
Adrenal Insufficiency as a Result of Long-Term Misuse of Topical Corticosteroids
Authors: Böckle Barbara C. , Jara David , Nindl Werner , Aberer Werner , Sepp Norbert T.
Published: April 2014

The treatment of chronic inflammatory skin disease is associated with the use of topical corticosteroids. Their efficacy, tolerability and adverse effects depend on several factors, specifically potency, type of preparation, extemporaneous dilutions, quantity used, magnitude of the treated body surface, frequency of application, location, patient age, method of application and condition of the skin barrier. We report on two men suffering from chronic inflammatory skin disease, who presented with fatigue and cushingoid appearance after prolonged self-application of potent corticosteroids. Impairment of the skin barrier due to their underlying skin disease, frequent self-application of topical steroids and repeated application of the entire body led to extensive absorption of these substances, eventually culminating in the suppression of the pituitary-hypothalamic-adrenal axis. In conclusion, topical corticosteroids are effective and well-established therapeutic modalities. However, inappropriate use of topical corticosteroids can cause side effects.
Increased Risk of Parkinson's Disease in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wang I-kuan , Lin Cheng-Li , Wu Yi-Ying , Chou Che-Yi , Lin Shih-Yi , Liu Jiung-Hsiun , Yen Tzung-Hai , Huang Chiu-Ching , Sung Fung-Chang
Published: April 2014

Background: Studies on dyskinesia and Parkinson's syndrome associated with chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have been mainly limited to case reports or case series studies. This population-based study investigated the risk of Parkinson's disease in patients with ESRD. Methods: From a universal insurance claims database of Taiwan, we established a cohort of 8,325 adults with newly diagnosed ESRD from 1997 to 2010 without a history of Parkinson's disease. A control cohort of 33,382 insured subjects without a history of kidney disease or Parkinson's disease was also selected, with frequency matched for age, sex and index date of the patients with ESRD. Both cohorts were followed up until the end of 2010. Results: The Parkinson's disease incidence was 1.55-fold higher in the cohort with ESRD than in the comparison cohort (48.8 vs. 31.7 per 10,000 person-years) with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.73 (95% confidence interval, 1.39-2.15). Sex-specific and age-specific analysis showed a higher relative risk for women and younger patients with ESRD compared to the control cohort. Conclusions: ESRD is significantly associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease. Close surveillance for Parkinson's disease should be considered for patients with ESRD.
A Personalized Stereotactic Fixture for Implantation of Depth Electrodes in Stereoelectroencephalography
Authors: Balanescu Bogdan , Franklin Ronald , Ciurea Jean , Mindruta Ioana , Rasina Alin , Bobulescu Razvan C. , Donos Cristian , Barborica Andrei
Published: April 2014

Background: The stereoelectroencephalographic (SEEG) implantation procedures still represent a challenge due to the intrinsic complexity of the method and the number of depth electrodes required. Objectives: We aim at designing and evaluating the accuracy of a custom stereotactic fixture based on the StarFix™ technology (FHC Inc., Bowdoin, ME) that significantly simplifies and optimizes the implantation of depth electrodes used in presurgical evaluation of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Methods: Fiducial markers that also serve as anchors for the fixture are implanted into the patient's skull prior to surgery. A 3D fixture model is designed within the surgical planning software, with the planned trajectories incorporated in its design, aligned with the patient's anatomy. The stereotactic fixture is built using 3D laser sintering technology based on the computer-generated model. Bilateral rectangular grids of guide holes orthogonal to the midsagittal plane and centered on the midcommissural point are incorporated in the fixture design, allowing a wide selection of orthogonal trajectories. Up to two additional grids can be accommodated for targeting structures where oblique trajectories are required. The frame has no adjustable parts, this feature reducing the risk of inaccurate coordinate settings while simultaneously reducing procedure time significantly. Results: We have used the fixture for the implantation of depth electrodes for presurgical evaluation of 4 patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy, with nearly 2-fold reduction in the duration of the implantation procedure. We have obtained a high accuracy with a submillimetric mean positioning error of 0.68 mm for the anchor bolts placed at the trajectory entry point and 1.64 mm at target. Conclusions: The custom stereotactic fixture design greatly simplifies the planning procedure and significantly reduces the time in the operating room, while maintaining a high accuracy.
Self-Medication of Psoriasis in Southwestern China
Authors: Zhang Ling , Yang Huan , Wang Yuedi , Chen Yang , Zhou Haizhou , Shen Zhu
Published: April 2014

Background: Medication adherence is essential for psoriasis management. Although studies have determined the prevalence and correlative factors of non-adherence, as far as we know, there has been no study specifically addressing them in China. Methods: Anonymous 23-item questionnaires were distributed to 324 psoriatic patients from June 2012 to June 2013. χ2 test, normality test, Student's t test or Mann-Whitney U test, Bonferroni correction and the binary logistic regression model were applied. Results: Self-medication of psoriasis was high in China (82.4%). Joint involvement, absence of communication with families and short communication duration with doctors were the three top factors affecting adherence. Besides low efficacy (16.0%) and recurrence frustration (27.0%), we found that patients' deception by sham advertisings (24.1%) is an non-negligible issue. Conclusion: Psoriasis self-medication in China was high. Improvement of patients' communication with families and/or doctors were suggested to be crucial to enhance adherence. Meanwhile, extermination of sham advertisings by administrative agencies is of great concern.
Dorsal Rhizotomy for Pain from Neoplastic Lumbosacral Plexopathy in Advanced Pelvic Cancer
Authors: Son Byung-chul , Yoon Joo-hee , Kim Deok-ryeong , Lee Sang-won
Published: April 2014

Background: Pain from neoplastic lumbosacral plexopathy is resistant to conventional pain treatment. According to a recent review of destructive procedures for cancer pain, only cordotomy has been reported to play an important role in the treatment of cancer pain. To date, the effectiveness of dorsal rhizotomy, which selectively interrupts pain transmission, has not been shown in neoplastic lumbosacral plexopathy. Objectives: The present study seeks to find out the effectiveness of selective dorsal rhizotomies for intractable pain from neoplastic lumbosacral plexopathy in terminal pelvic cancer patients. Methods: Dorsal rhizotomies of the involved segments were performed on 6 cancer patients in whom neuropathic pain from lumbosacral plexus involvement in terminal pelvic cancer had been refractory to other therapies. Clinical efficacy of the procedure was assessed by comparing patient pain ratings and narcotic usage before and after dorsal rhizotomy. Results: Examination of the results indicated a significant reduction in pain ratings as well as a significant reduction in daily narcotic use. No adverse neurological effects were observed and no recurrence of pain from neoplastic lumbosacral plexopathy was noted. Conclusions: These findings provide corroborating clinical evidence for the effectiveness of selective dorsal root rhizotomy for the intractable pain from lumbosacral plexopathy in terminal pelvic cancer patients.
Rituximab Treatment for Relapsing Minimal Change Disease and Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kronbichler Andreas , Kerschbaum Julia , Fernandez-Fresnedo Gema , Hoxha Elion , Kurschat Christine E. , Busch Martin , Bruchfeld Annette , Mayer Gert , Rudnicki Michael
Published: April 2014

Background: Minimal change disease (MCD) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) remain a therapeutic challenge, since steroids and other immunosuppressive agents exhibit an unfavorable adverse event spectrum. The aim of this review was to systematically summarize and analyze data from preexisting studies reporting the outcome of rituximab (RTX) treatment in these patients. Methods: Study data on adult patients with either steroid-dependent or frequently relapsing MCD/FSGS were identified by a PubMed and Embase search. The number of relapses was calculated and the use of immunosuppressive co-medication prior to and after RTX treatment was quantified. Results: We identified 14 studies including 86 patients with frequently relapsing and steroid-dependent MCD or FSGS. Treatment with RTX reduced the number of relapses per year from 1.3 (0-9) relapses prior to treatment compared to 0 (0-2) after therapy (p < 0.001). Proteinuria decreased from 2.43 (0-15) g/day to 0 (0-4.89) g/day (p < 0.001), while serum albumin increased from 2.9 (1.2-4.6) at baseline to 4.0 (1.8-5.09) g/l after RTX (p = 0.001). The use of immunosuppression used at the time of RTX administration was also reduced after RTX therapy (p < 0.001). Baseline serum albumin was lower (p = 0.018), whereas the number of immunosuppressants prior to RTX was higher (p = 0.018) in patients with relapse after RTX. Conclusions: The published data suggest that RTX is effective in reducing the number of relapses and sparing immunosuppression in frequently relapsing and steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome due to MCD and FSGS. These promising findings have to be confirmed in controlled and prospective studies.
The Value of Endoscopic Ultrasound in a 47-Year-Old Man with Cystic Lesions of the Liver and Pancreas
Authors: Mohammad Alizadeh Amir Houshang , Parhizkar Baran , Rajabalinia Hassan
Published: April 2014

Most neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), like other tumors, are clinically silent, producing symptoms only as a consequence of tumor growth. Pancreatic NETs account for only 1% of pancreatic cancers by incidence, while representing 10% of all pancreatic cancers by 28-year limited duration prevalence. Here, we present a 47-year-old man with abdominal pain, icterus, itching and 8 kg weight loss during 5 months. Elevated liver enzymes, direct bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase were observed. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed a prominence at the head of the pancreas and also liver cysts. Endoscopic ultrasound of the pancreas was performed and a specimen was obtained via fine needle aspiration. Immunohistochemical staining was performed and the result was compatible with NET. The patient referred to receive chemotherapy.
Sustained Sympathetic and Blood Pressure Reduction 1 Year After Renal Denervation in Patients With Resistant Hypertension
Authors: Hering Dagmara , Marusic Petra , Walton Antony S. , Lambert Elisabeth A. , Krum Henry , Narkiewicz Krzysztof , Lambert Gavin W. , Esler Murray D. , Schlaich Markus P.
Published: April 2014

Renal denervation (RDN) reduces muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and blood pressure (BP) in resistant hypertension. Although a persistent BP-lowering effect has been demonstrated, the long-term effect on MSNA remains elusive. We investigated whether RDN influences MSNA over time. Office BP and MSNA were obtained at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months after RDN in 35 patients with resistant hypertension. Office BP averaged 166±22/88±19 mm Hg, despite the use of an average of 4.8±2.1 antihypertensive drugs. Baseline MSNA was 51±11 bursts/min ≈2- to 3-fold higher than the level observed in healthy controls. Mean office systolic and diastolic BP significantly decreased by –12.6±18.3/–6.5±9.2, –16.1±25.6/–8.6±12.9, and –21.2±29.1/–11.1±12.9 mm Hg (
P
<0.001 for both systolic BP and diastolic BP) with RDN at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up, respectively. MSNA was reduced by –8±12, –6±12, and –6±11 bursts/min (
P
<0.01) at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up. The reduction in MSNA was maintained, despite a progressive fall in BP over time. No such changes were observed in 7 control subjects at 6-month follow-up. These findings confirm previous reports on the favorable effects of RDN on elevated BP and demonstrate sustained reduction of central sympathetic outflow ≤1-year follow-up in patients with resistant hypertension and high baseline MSNA. These observations are compatible with the hypothesis of a substantial contribution of afferent renal nerve signaling to increased BP in resistant hypertension and argue against a relevant reinnervation at 1 year after procedure.
Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 Is Required for Cardiac Remodeling in Response to Pressure Overload
Authors: Jiang Ding-Sheng , Li Liangpeng , Huang Ling , Gong Jun , Xia Hao , Liu Xiaoxiong , Wan Nian , Wei Xiang , Zhu Xuehai , Chen Yingjie , Chen Xin , Zhang Xiao-Dong , Li Hongliang
Published: April 2014

Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), a critical member of the IRF family, was previously shown to be associated with the immune system and to be involved in apoptosis and tumor suppression. However, the role of IRF1 in pressure overload–induced cardiac remodeling has remained unclear. Using genetic approaches, we established a central role for the IRF1 transcription factor in the regulation of cardiac remodeling both in vivo and in vitro, and we determined the mechanism underlying this process. The expression level of IRF1 was remarkably altered in both failing human hearts and hypertrophic murine hearts. Transgenic mice with cardiac-specific IRF1 overexpression exacerbated aortic banding–induced cardiac hypertrophy, ventricular dilation, fibrosis, and dysfunction, whereas IRF1-deficient (knockout) mice exhibited a significant reduction in the hypertrophic response. Similar results were observed in a global IRF1-knockout rat model. Mechanistically, the prohypertrophic effects elicited by IRF1 in response to pathological stimuli were associated with the direct activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Furthermore, we identified 1 IRF1-binding site in the promoter region of the iNOS gene, which was essential for its transcription. To examine the IRF1-iNOS axis in vivo, we generated IRF1-transgenic/iNOS-knockout mice. IRF1 exerted profoundly detrimental effects in these mice; however, these effects were nullified by iNOS ablation. These data suggest the IRF1–iNOS axis as a crucial regulator of cardiac remodeling and that IRF1 could be a potent therapeutic target for cardiac remodeling.
Effects of Cardiac Overexpression of the Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor on Remodeling and Dysfunction in Mice Post–Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Xu Jiang , Sun Ying , Carretero Oscar A. , Zhu Liping , Harding Pamela , Shesely Edward G. , Dai Xiangguo , Rhaleb Nour-Eddine , Peterson Edward , Yang Xiao-Ping
Published: April 2014

The activation of angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT
2
R) has been considered cardioprotective. However, there are controversial findings regarding the role of overexpressing AT
2
R in the heart. Using transgenic mice with different levels of AT
2
R gene overexpression in the heart (1, 4, or 9 copies of the AT
2
R transgene: Tg
1
, Tg
4
, or Tg
9
), we studied the effect of AT
2
R overexpression on left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction post–myocardial infarction (MI). Tg
1
, Tg
4
, Tg
9
, and their wild-type littermates were divided into (1) sham MI, (2) MI plus vehicle, and (3) MI plus AT
2
R antagonist. Treatments were started 4 weeks after MI and continued for 8 weeks. AT
2
R protein and mRNA expression in the heart was significantly increased in transgenic mice, and the increase positively correlated with copies of the transgene. AT
1
R protein and mRNA expression remained unchanged in Tg
1
and Tg
4
but slightly increased in Tg
9
mice. Systolic blood pressure and cardiac phenotypes did not differ among strains under basal conditions. MI caused myocardial hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, ventricular dilatation, and dysfunction associated with increased protein expression of Nox2 and transforming growth factor β
1
. These pathological responses were diminished in Tg
1
and Tg
4
mice. Moreover, the protective effects of AT
2
R were abolished by AT
2
R antagonist and also absent in Tg
9
mice. We thus conclude that whether overexpression of AT
2
R is beneficial or detrimental to the heart is largely dependent on expression levels and possibly via regulations of Nox2 and transforming growth factor β
1
signaling pathways.
Efficacy of Chest Compressions Directed by End‐Tidal CO
2
Feedback in a Pediatric Resuscitation Model of Basic Life Support
Authors: Hamrick Jennifer L. , Hamrick Justin T. , Lee Jennifer K. , Lee Benjamin H. , Koehler Raymond C. , Shaffner Donald H.
Published: April 2014

Background

End‐tidal carbon dioxide (
ETCO
2
) correlates with systemic blood flow and resuscitation rate during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (
CPR
) and may potentially direct chest compression performance. We compared
ETCO
2
‐directed chest compressions with chest compressions optimized to pediatric basic life support guidelines in an infant swine model to determine the effect on rate of return of spontaneous circulation (
ROSC
).

Methods and Results

Forty 2‐kg piglets underwent general anesthesia, tracheostomy, placement of vascular catheters, ventricular fibrillation, and 90 seconds of no‐flow before receiving 10 or 12 minutes of
pediatric basic life support
. In the optimized group, chest compressions were optimized by marker, video, and verbal feedback to obtain
A
merican
H
eart
A
ssociation‐recommended depth and rate. In the
ETCO
2
‐directed group, compression depth, rate, and hand position were modified to obtain a maximal
ETCO
2
without video or verbal feedback. After the interval of
pediatric basic life support
, external defibrillation and intravenous epinephrine were administered for another 10 minutes of
CPR
or until
ROSC
. Mean
ETCO
2
at 10 minutes of
CPR
was 22.7±7.8 mm Hg in the optimized group (n=20) and 28.5±7.0 mm Hg in the
ETCO
2
‐directed group (n=20;
P
=0.02). Despite higher
ETCO
2
and mean arterial pressure in the latter group,
ROSC
rates were similar: 13 of 20 (65%; optimized) and 14 of 20 (70%;
ETCO
2
directed). The best predictor of
ROSC
was systemic perfusion pressure. Defibrillation attempts, epinephrine doses required, and
CPR
‐related injuries were similar between groups.

Conclusions

The use of
ETCO
2
‐directed chest compressions is a novel guided approach to resuscitation that can be as effective as standard
CPR
optimized with marker, video, and verbal feedback.
The First Alliance for Progress? Reshaping the Eisenhower Administration's Policy toward Latin America
Authors: Allcock Thomas Tunstall
Published: April 2014

The Eisenhower administration's policy toward Latin America is typically viewed as a failure. The general view is that by ignoring calls for increased economic aid and undermining governments suspected of harboring Communist sympathies, U.S. policymakers allowed relations with Latin American countries to deteriorate so much that Vice President Richard Nixon was almost killed during a goodwill tour. Belated efforts were then made to improve relations, but only the rise of Fidel Castro in Cuba and the Kennedy administration's embrace of modernization theory—the argument goes—saw a genuine change in U.S. attitudes. Using a wide variety of sources, including rarely studied personal papers and newly released oral histories, this article demonstrates that even before the Nixon trip a small group of experts on Latin America were determined to adjust attitudes in Washington. Understanding their impact and achievements casts fresh light on the policies of the Eisenhower administration and the nature of hemispheric relations in the subsequent decade.
Whose Kingdom? Whose Power? Whose Glory?
Authors: Black C. Clifton
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Though it endures, the Lord’s Prayer is not a “classic”: neither the ideal expression of a mature civilization nor a statement adaptable in every generation. Subverting the culture in which humans feel most at home, Jesus’ prayer offers an unsettling settlement. Its jarring consolation punctures every form of nationalism, undermines human sovereignty, and offers a bridge to other religions, to all seeking peace in this world.
‘He Spoke and It Was’: Human Language, Divine Creation, and the imago dei
Authors: Klingbeil Gerald A.
Published: April 2014

Abstract

This study examines the triangle linking biblical creation, anthropology, and human language. It takes as its point of departure the notion that language is an important part of the image of God in which humanity was created (Gottebenbildlichkeit). Since most of creation is accomplished through God’s spoken word (see Gen 1 and also John 1), the human ability to speak and communicate abstract concepts appears to be an echo of the divine and distinguishes humans from the rest of creation. The paper traces some of the highlights marking the important role of language within the context of human history, including the fall and the divine plan of redemption, thus linking the theological categories of anthropology and soteriology.
Variability of Tropical Cyclone Track Density in the North Atlantic: Observations and High-Resolution Simulations
Authors: Mei Wei , Xie Shang-Ping , Zhao Ming
Published: April 2014

Interannual–decadal variability of tropical cyclone (TC) track density over the North Atlantic (NA) between 1979 and 2008 is studied using observations and simulations with a 25-km-resolution version of the High Resolution Atmospheric Model (HiRAM) forced by observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs). The variability on decadal and interannual time scales is examined separately. On both time scales, a basinwide mode dominates, with the time series being related to variations in seasonal TC counts. On decadal time scales, this mode relates to SST contrasts between the tropical NA and the tropical northeast Pacific as well as the tropical South Atlantic, whereas on interannual time scales it is controlled by SSTs over the central–eastern equatorial Pacific and those over the tropical NA. The temporal evolution of the spatial distribution of track density is further investigated by normalizing the track density with seasonal TC counts. On decadal time scales, two modes emerge: one is an oscillation between track density over the U.S. East Coast and midlatitude ocean and that over the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea and the other oscillates between low and middle latitudes. They might be driven by the preceding winter North Atlantic Oscillation and concurrent Atlantic meridional mode, respectively. On interannual time scales, two similar modes are present in observations but are not well separated in HiRAM simulations. Finally, the internal variability and predictability of TC track density are explored and discussed using HiRAM ensemble simulations. The results suggest that basinwide total TC counts/days are much more predictable than local TC occurrence, posing a serious challenge to the prediction and projection of regional TC threats, especially the U.S. landfall hurricanes.
Linking Siberian Snow Cover to Precursors of Stratospheric Variability
Authors: Cohen Judah , Furtado Jason C. , Jones Justin , Barlow Mathew , Whittleston David , Entekhabi Dara
Published: April 2014

Previous research has linked wintertime Arctic Oscillation (AO) variability to indices of Siberian snow cover and upward wave activity flux in the preceding fall season. Here, daily data are used to examine the surface and tropospheric processes that occur as the link between snow cover and upward forcing into the stratosphere develops. October Eurasian mean snow cover is found to be significantly related to sea level pressure (SLP) and to lower-stratosphere (100 hPa) meridional heat flux. Analysis of daily SLP and 100-hPa heat flux shows that in years with high October snow, the SLP is significantly higher from approximately 1 November to 15 December, and the 100-hPa heat flux is significantly increased with a two-week lag, from approximately 15 November to 31 December. During November–December, there are periods with upward wave activity flux extending coherently from the surface to the stratosphere, and these events occur nearly twice as often in high snow years compared to low snow years. The vertical structure of these events is a westward-tilting pattern of high eddy heights, with the largest normalized anomalies near the surface in the same region as the snow and SLP changes. These results suggest that high SLP develops in response to the snow cover and this higher pressure, in turn, provides part of the structure of a surface-to-stratosphere wave activity flux event, thus making full events more likely. Implications for improved winter forecasts exist through recognition of these precursor signals.