bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation and simulation for route choice proportion in multi-period urban rail transit control systems
Authors: Yang Yiyuan , Sun Ranran , Wang Peiyue , Yi Yang , Zhu Guangyu
Published: September 2022

As we all known, estimating the proportion of passenger route choice is of great significance in almost every aspect of urban rail transit control system, including passenger allocation, fare clearing and flow control strategies. Existing researches only pay attention to the route choice through travel time, but usually ignore the influence in different periods of the day. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel estimation method for the proportion of passenger route choice in different periods. Firstly, by introducing the normalized value of passenger flow and the standard coefficient of peak passenger flow, the train operation time is divided into peak and flat periods. Secondly, the travel time distribution of each route can be obtained by estimating the expected value and standard deviation of passenger travel time in each different period. The Naïve Bayes algorithm is further employed to realize the identification of the proportion of passenger route choices. Finally, this proposed algorithm is applied to Hangzhou Metro. The result shows that by using the segmented estimation, the error can be reduced by more than 60% compared with the whole-day experiment, which indicates the superiority of the method.
Writing reports in social work: Characteristics, correctness and style
Authors: Cortés García Mayte , Cury Silvia Patricia , Arias Astray Andrés
Published: September 2022

This research analyses the characteristics of a sample of social work reports issued at a social care centre in Spain. The research involved three assumptions: (1) drafting reports is a demanding task; (2) social workers are poorly trained in report writing; and (3) procedures for drafting reports are inadequate. The research involved two phases: (1) social workers (N = 8) were interviewed; (2) the content and writing style of 250 reports were analysed. The results show that the social work reports analysed stand out for their relevance. However, they need to be more systematic, concise and reliable.
Ruling from the Grave? The Political Instrumentalization of Robert Mugabe’s Corpse in Contemporary Zimbabwean Politics
Authors: Mpofu Shepherd
Published: September 2022

This qualitative research is a critical analysis of news media reports, political debates, and political and family behaviours to interrogate the centrality of death, corpses, funeral and mortuary rituals in African politics by using the death of Zimbabwe’s former President, Robert Mugabe as a case study. At death, it became clear what a polarizing and yet unifying figure Mugabe was. His dead body became a contested political asset. The paper explores how Mugabe’s family resisted President Mnangagwa’s attempts at gaining control of Mugabe’s dead body for political expediency after he disposed of him in a military coup in 2017. The paper concludes that, true to Mugabe’s wife’s assertions that he will rule Zimbabwe from the grave, Mugabe, as a dead man, caused some considerable political tensions between his family and ruling magnifying the coup architects’ legitimacy challenges and his power in Zimbabwean politics.
Dielectric properties of microcrystalline cellulose/multi-wall carbon nanotubes multi-scale reinforced EVA/VeoVa terpolymer
Authors: Larguech Salma , Kreit Lamyaa , Zyane Adel , Triki Asma , El Hasnaoui Mohamed , Achour Mohammed Essaid , Belfkira Ahmed
Published: September 2022

Dielectric analyses were investigated on vinyl resin emulsion based on ethylene vinyl acetate/vinyl ester of versatic acid terpolymer (EVA/VeoVa) and its composites reinforced with microcrystalline cellulose and multi-wall carbon nanotubes. Dielectric spectra were measured in the frequency range from 10-1 Hz to 107 Hz and the temperature interval from -35°C to 130°C. Three dielectric relaxations were identified for the matrix. The first one, appearing at lower temperatures and higher frequencies, was associated with secondary β relaxation. The second one appearing above the glass transition temperature was attributed to the α relaxation due to the main glass transition of the terpolymer. The third dielectric relaxation appearing at higher temperatures and lower frequencies was attributed to α’ relaxation originating from the motion of more repeat units compared to the α one. The addition of the reinforcements into the matrix gave rise to three additional dielectric phenomena originating either from microcrystalline cellulose or matrix/reinforcement interfaces. Analyses of secondary dielectric relaxations at low temperatures by using the Havriliak-Negami model and those at high temperatures according to an adequate equivalent circuit model allowed probing reinforcement/matrix interactions. This dielectric study was complemented by the thermal, structural and morphological analyses based on differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively
“We Earned the Coupon Together”: The Missing Link of Experience Cocreation in Shared Coupons
Authors: Fang Eric (Er) , Dong Beibei , Zhuang Mengzhou , Cai Fengyan
Published: September 2022

Shared coupons, a new form of coupon, differ from coupons distributed directly from businesses (i.e., direct coupons) in that shared coupons combine two influential components: economic savings (e.g., $5 off) and social sharing (e.g., from friends). Using two lab experiments and two large-scale field experiments on social media, the authors find that regular shared coupons underperform direct coupons in terms of coupon redemption because of the norm conflict between economic incentives and communal relationships (i.e., friendships), whereas shared coupons with experience cocreation, in which coupon givers and coupon receivers must invest joint efforts to create a shared experience before redeeming the coupons, outperform direct coupons. Experience cocreation can advance social goals (e.g., building friendships), reduce the norm conflict, and thereby make customers more likely to share and to redeem coupons. The authors further investigate the effects of two strategies for driving the redemption of shared coupons with experience cocreation: changing the coupon's face value (low vs. high) and using ex post communication (social messages vs. economic messages). They find that social messages can make low-value coupons as effective as high-value coupons, thereby enabling the firm to “do more with less.”
Feeling Good or Feeling Right: Sustaining Negative Emotion After Exposure to Human Suffering
Authors: Lin Stephanie C. , Reich Taly , Kreps Tamar A.
Published: September 2022

Although hedonic principles of emotion regulation suggest that people wish to feel good, the current research demonstrates that sometimes feeling good just seems wrong. Specifically, the authors argue that, immediately after viewing moralized content such as human suffering, consumers believe that it is morally appropriate to sustain negative emotions (Study 1). Thus, after exposure to content related to human suffering (vs. other negative content), consumers view subsequent mood-sustaining consumption as morally appropriate and hedonic consumption as morally inappropriate (Study 2). Consequently, they avoid repairing their emotions through hedonic consumption because of their preference to engage in morally appropriate behavior (Studies 3 through 4b); this is particularly true for individuals who view themselves as more moral (Study 4b). These effects are mitigated when the hedonic consumption is morally relevant (Study 4a), rather than prototypically frivolous. This research offers clear prescriptions to marketers about when and when not to offer hedonic consumption as mood repair. By allowing people to pay respect to suffering victims, marketers can give consumers needed space to feel their compassionate emotions.
How Intellectuals Perform: Meaning Making and Community in the Czechoslovak Philosophical Underground
Authors: Zelinsky Dominik
Published: September 2022

This article moves beyond the conventional strictures of the sociology of intellectuals, which is preoccupied with intellectuals’ texts, power struggles and institutional trajectories. Instead, I propose to focus on intellectuals’ situated performances as a way into analysis of the dynamics of their relations and mutual influences. Drawing on theoretical resources from the Strong Program in cultural sociology, I argue that their performances have both social and cultural impact through disseminating ideas, facilitating the emergence of social ties and the production of new social selves in intellectuals’ audiences. I demonstrate the importance of situated intellectual performances in the case of unofficial philosophy in socialist Czechoslovakia.
A bus as a compressed public space: Everyday multiculturalism in Milan
Authors: Bovo Martina , Briata Paola , Bricocoli Massimo
Published: September 2022

The article contributes to understanding public transport as a public space by exploring diversity and the city through mobility. It investigates the compressed and mobile space of the 90/91 trolleybus in Milan. Due to its itinerary and extended schedule, this bus is intensively used by citizens with different ethnic, economic, social and cultural backgrounds. Literature on planning and transport has recently started exploring qualitative issues through individual ethnographic research on transport means. Research on everyday multiculturalism, despite recognising the role of public transport as a promising space to study the negotiation of difference, rarely adopts this specific focus and does it mainly from a socio-anthropological point of view. Against this background, the work investigates the compressed space of a bus through an ethnographic exploration of people, spaces and practices onboard. Notably, the article is is grounded on direct observation carried out by three classes of students in the Urban Ethnography course offered in the MSc in Urban Planning and Architecture at Politecnico di Milano, and presents a post-hoc reflection on the outcomes of the teaching project. Grounding on this experience, the article argues that the compressed and mobile space of public transport is an excellent observation point to investigate everyday negotiation of difference and a privileged observatory of broader city dynamics. Additionally, the multiplication of points of view embedded in the observations and experiences of students has proved how, in the face of increasingly diverse cities, pluralisation may be a key methodological approach.
Economic Implications of Health Care Burden for Elderly Population
Authors: Tang Bo , Li Zhi , Hu Song , Xiong Jianru
Published: September 2022

The implications of population aging for economic growth is not only the shrinking working-age population, but also the increasing health care burden of the elderly population. It is difficult to explain clearly the relationship between a country’s aging population and its economy without considering health effects. Based on the Solow economic growth model, the aims of this study are to estimate the economic effects of the health care burden for elderly population, and to access whether reducing effective labor input for economic production. The analysis employs a set of econometric approaches including fixed effects, generalized method of moments, instrumental variable, and mediation regression analyses using a multinational multi-database covering the years 2000-2019. The empirical evidence indicates that the health care burden was negatively correlated with economic growth during the study period, with every 1% increase in the health care burden leading to a 0.083% decrease in the GDP growth rate. The results of heterogeneity analysis and mediating analysis further confirmed that worsening health in the elderly population could be associated with the deceleration in economic development through the indirect pathway that lowering the employment rate of working-age population. This study provides new empirical evidence on the economic impact of population aging that the poor health of elderly population can be one critical factor of limiting economic growth, for the reason the labor inputs in household production are likely crowded out by family caregiving.
Addressing Implicit Bias to Acknowledge the Experience of Under-represented in Medicine Colleagues and Improve Patient Care
Authors: Ennis Khama
Published: September 2022

This article recounts episodes of implicit bias I have experienced as an emergency physician and explores how we can move in a better direction to benefit everyone. I was a toddler when my family moved to the US from Jamaica. A few years after that, I announced that I was going to be a doctor. I made this decision based on zero data. At the time, I had no idea that only 1/3 of 1% of the US population are physicians. And of that number only 2% are Black women. I walk into every patient room the same way, wearing blue scrubs & a long white coat with my name embroidered on it - visibly rubbing some hand sanitizer in so they know I care about spreading germs, a stethoscope hangs on a holster from my scrub pants and a name tag is clipped to my chest with my photo with a second bright orange tag with the word DOCTOR in all caps. “Hello, I’m Dr. Ennis, I’m the emergency physician. What brings you here today?” I greet everyone in the room & shake hands if offered and then I pause. Deliberately. I pause because the first and only thing they saw when I walked in the room was a black woman with dreads. Despite the costume, the optics I present do not say doctor. Addressing racism as it impacts the health of our patients and the sense of belonging for all our colleagues demands true effort & focus.
The effects of public goods framing for a union default policy
Authors: Harcourt Mark , Gall Gregor , Wilson Margaret
Published: September 2022

Union provision of collective bargaining and political lobbying generates positive outcomes across society. A union default holds significant promise to revive the flagging fortunes of unions by enabling them to recruit many more members, extend their bargaining coverage, and place them in a stronger position to deliver these positive outcomes. Non-unionism is the default setting in employment arrangements. A union default would reverse this, so employees are defaulted into membership in the first instance, but with a right to opt-out. In this article the authors test whether framing unions as providers of public goods increases worker support for a union default and intention to stay in a union, if defaulted. The authors find that workers are significantly more likely to support a union default and stay in union membership in scenarios involving positive framing for unions.
Penetration of the Vestibule Following a History of Stapedectomy
Authors: Shohet Jack A , Borrelli Michela , Nasrollahi Tasha , Raskin Jonathan
Published: September 2022

This case study describes a 72-year-old female with a history of stapedectomy 40 years prior. She presented experiencing vertigo, fogginess, and imbalance for 9 months. Computed tomography (CT) imaging revealed that the prosthesis was displaced into the vestibule by approximately 2.1 to 2.4 mm. The patient was presented with treatment options, including observation, removal, replacement of the prosthesis, and an oval window patch. The patient opted for observation as the symptoms she was experiencing did not significantly impact her quality of life. Although a stapedectomy may fail for a multitude of reasons, some of the most common causes are prosthesis displacement, especially out of the oval window into the middle ear or away from the incus. Incus necrosis may also play a substantial role in failure.
Insecure Attachment Orientation in Adults and Children and Negative Attribution Bias: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Danyang , Carnelley Katherine B. , Rowe Angela C.
Published: September 2022

This is the first meta-analysis to synthesize the literature on insecure attachment and negative attribution bias (NAB) from both developmental and social/personality attachment traditions. This meta-analysis is important because extant studies report inconsistent associations, making it difficult to draw conclusions about the nature of these associations. Based on 41 samples ( N = 8,727) from 32 articles, we specify and compare the effect sizes of these associations across studies. Results confirmed positive associations between NAB and anxious and avoidant attachment dimensions and an insecure composite, with a medium effect size. Correlations were moderated by age group, type of attachment measurement, and cultural background. Our findings advance knowledge and build on attachment and attribution theories, reconcile mixed findings, and inform the development of NAB interventions. Important gaps in the literature are revealed that will inspire future research.
A formal study of co-opetition in scholarly publishing
Authors: García Jose A , Rodriguez-Sánchez Rosa , Fdez-Valdivia J
Published: September 2022

In this article, we model and study a cooperative peer-review scenario in scholarly publishing. In this scenario, the peer-reviewed journals cooperate in the necessary investment for the peer-review system. However, the final decision on what to publish in each journal would rest with the journal’s editor, and the journals still compete in their quality standards for accepting papers. This simultaneously cooperative and competitive relationship between peer-reviewed journals is co-opetition in scholarly publishing. From the comparison between a benchmark scenario of competition between journals and a cooperative peer-review setting, we find that by sharing the cost of providing a common peer-review system, the peer-reviewed journals could offer a higher review quality in the manuscript evaluation process than they would otherwise be able to achieve individually. Furthermore, we find the conditions under which the competing academic journals using cooperative peer review could increase their expected quality levels, their standards for accepting articles, and their peer-review quality, which establishes the benefit from co-opetition between peer-reviewed journals. Nevertheless, a threshold cost-sharing factor exists above which the benefit from cooperative peer review disappears.
Assessing children’s information and knowledge organisation competency in elementary schools of Hong Kong
Authors: Wu Yejun , Chu Samuel KW
Published: September 2022

This article evaluates the information and knowledge organisation competency of third- to fifth-grade primary school students in Hong Kong directly or indirectly. The majority of the students are aged 8–11 years. The types of information and knowledge organisation schemes to be identified or organised include shallow taxonomies (e.g. a list of entities, a list of features of an entity, a list of events) and simple descriptive ontologies (e.g. a sequence of events, reasons of events, relation between entities or events). A total of 86 students participated in the study. Each student was asked to read an English book and a Chinese book, and to answer assessment questions about the content within the books. The questions ask children to identify members of a flat taxonomy and organise simple descriptive ontologies. The children’s overall information and knowledge organisation competency is found to be weak, but children’s information and knowledge organisation capabilities are not equally weak. The children identify features of an entity significantly better than a list of events, and identify reasons significantly better than flat taxonomies and relations. The findings have theoretical and practical implications for book writers, book cover designers, teachers, librarians and designers of information systems for children.
Components of reading culture: Insights from bibliometric analysis of 1991–2020 research
Authors: Aslam Sanila , Qutab Saima , Ali Nusrat
Published: September 2022

In the digital age, the reading habits are gradually declining and poor reading skills are causing various informational and social challenges include lack of critical thinking and intellectual irresponsibility. The main objective of this study is to consolidate the published works to comprehend the influencing factors of reading culture. We examine the reading skills, reading habits and reading behaviour literature from 1991 to 2020 to measure the scope and depth of reading culture (RC) through bibliometric analysis and visualisation by utilising a VOSviewer software based on Web of Science database. These selected 1139 articles are classified according to year of publication, author, the country of publications and author affiliation. The analysis provided insights about the RC publication trends as the most productive years are 2017 and 2019. The United States, Spain and China are the leading countries contributing to reading culture-related publications. Jyväskylä University and Florida State University serve as the most productive institutions. Furthermore, we also conduct a thematic analysis based on the keywords to identify the components and influencing factors contributing to the reading culture. The four main components of the reading culture are identified as reading skills, behaviour, habits and factors. At the end, we provided propositions to support the reading culture and future research directions for the interest of Library and Information Science (LIS) professionals, academicians and researchers.
Text-based experiment retrieval in genomic databases
Authors: Dede Şener Duygu , Ogul Hasan , Basak Selen
Published: September 2022

With the growing number of genomic data in public repositories, efficient search methodologies have become a basic need to reach the relevant genomic data. However, this need cannot be fulfilled with the current repositories because they offer a limited search option which is a lexical matching of textual descriptions or metadata of the experiments. This technique is insufficient to get the required information needed to detect similarities between experiments within a large data collection. Due to the limitation of the existing repositories, in this study, we develop a text-based experiment retrieval framework by using both lexical and semantic similarity approaches to find similarities between experiments, and their retrieval performance was compared. This study is the first attempt to use text-driven semantic analysis approaches for developing a retrieval framework for experiments. An empirical study was conducted on a large textual description of Arabidopsis microarray experiments from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. In the proposed model, Jaccard similarity was used as a lexical similarity approach; Latent Semantic Analysis, Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis and Latent Dirichlet allocation were used as semantic similarity approaches to detect similarities between the textual descriptions of the experiments. According to the experimental results, relevant experiments can be retrieved successfully by text-driven semantic similarity approaches compared with the lexical similarity approach.
Public support for the use of force in non-Western and non-major powers: The case of a China–Taiwan war
Authors: Wu Charles K.S. , Wang Austin Horng-En , Yeh Yao-Yuan , Chen Fang-Yu
Published: September 2022

Studies of public support for war among non-Western and non-major powers (NWNM) states are distinctive from United States foreign military operations. First, these wars often intrude on subjects’ direct livelihood. Second, great powers’ intervention can drastically alter the outcome of these wars. These factors have not been examined extensively in the war support literature. We fill this gap by spearheading several hypotheses of war support unique to NWNM countries. Through an original and representative survey experiment on a hypothetical military conflict between China and Taiwan, our analysis yields that the information about the United States coming to Taiwan’s defense in an armed conflict with China drives up war support by around 7% among the citizenry, although such information does not make the Taiwanese population more tolerant of combat casualties. In addition, perception of military training increases public support for war significantly. The findings suggest that the study of NWNM states could contribute to the war support literature from different perspectives.
Impact of various periods of perfusion-pause and reperfusion on the severity of myocardial injury in the langenodorff model
Authors: Wang Le , Zheng Mingqi , Tang Yida , Yin Yajuan , Liu Yuecheng , Liu Gang
Published: September 2022

Background

To explore impact of various periods of ischemia and reperfusion on the severity of myocardial injury.

Methods

Langendorff model of isolated cardiac perfusion system was established in 56 rat hearts. They were randomly assigned into four groups with four different ischemia (perfusion-pause) time and reperfusion time. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) were measured and the size of myocardial infarction was assessed by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining.

Results

The levels of AST, ALT, LDH, and CK-MB in the heart tissues and perfusate were lowest in the group I (shortest time of perfusion-pause and reperfusion) followed by the groups II, III, and IV (longest time of perfusion-pause and reperfusion) ( p < 0.05). The myocardial infarction size was smallest in the group I (6.63 ± 0.47) followed by group II (15.12 ± 1.03), group III (20.32 ± 2.18), and group IV (32.29 ± 5.42) ( p < 0.05). Two-way ANOVA analysis revealed that period of perfusion-pause and reperfusion independently and significantly affected the levels of AST and ALT in both heart tissues and perfusate ( p < 0.001). The interaction of pausing period and reperfusion significantly affected the level of AST ( p = 0.046) and CK-MB ( p = 0.001) in the perfusate. In addition, perfusion-pause period significantly affected levels of LDH and CK-MB only in the perfusate ( p < 0.001). Neither perfusate nor heart tissue LDH level was significantly affected by the interaction of perfusion-pause and reperfusion period ( p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The severity of myocardial injury in the Langendorff model was affected by the period of perfusion-pause and reperfusion. The longer period of perfusion-pause followed by the longer the period of reperfusion, the severe myocardial injury was found.
Who Do Students Ask for Help With Classwork? Sources of Help and Changes in Help-Seeking From Peers During Early Adolescence
Authors: Kilday Jessica E. , Ryan Allison M.
Published: September 2022

This study used peer nominations to identify who students ask for help in class. We describe the level of friendship affiliation that students' share with their peer helpers, and their classroom behavior reputations. Participants were 1037 fifth (49%) and sixth (51%) graders with varied gender and ethnic-racial backgrounds (51% girls; 43% White, 29% Black, 6% Hispanic, 6% Asian, 17% multiracial and other). We used multilevel modeling to examine how peer helpers and teachers’ help were related to changes in peer help-seeking. Teacher help was related to higher adaptive and lower expedient help-seeking. Peer academic reputation was related to changes in expedient help-seeking. When students asked higher achieving non-friends for help this was positively related to expedient help seeking, whereas this association was weaker among friends and best friends. Teachers need to explain how and when to seek help from peers. High achieving peers can reinforce classmates’ requests for expedient help.
A Bayesian network model for the probabilistic safety assessment of offshore wind decommissioning
Authors: Shafiee Mahmood , Adedipe Tosin
Published: September 2022

With increasing the number of wind turbines approaching the end of their service life, it has become crucial for businesses to understand and assess safety and security issues related to the decommissioning phase of wind farm asset lifecycle. This paper aims to develop, for the first time, a Bayesian Network (BN) model for the safety assessment of offshore wind farm decommissioning operations. The most critical safety incidents are identified and their corresponding risk-influencing factors (RIF) are determined. The impacts of human errors as well as procedural and mechanical/electrical failures on the safety and efficiency of decommissioning operations are thoroughly analysed. The findings of the study revealed that the most critical RIFs during offshore wind decommissioning operations include: visibility, crew fatigue, number of personnel per operation, proper safety procedures, crane integrity, number of lifts available in the wind farm, inspection frequency, as well as equipment design.
What Place for Electric Vehicles as a Research Object and a Practical Alternative to Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles in Africa? Toward a Research Agenda Based on a Systematic Literature Review and a Census of Electromobility Projects
Authors: Amedokpo Yao Tsoekeo , Boutueil Virginie
Published: September 2022

The environmental crisis of global warming and rising oil prices have contributed to the spread of electric vehicles (EVs) since the 2010s. As the global EV fleet grows, a broad scientific literature on EVs is emerging. This literature, while abundant, is still concentrated on very limited geographical regions, mainly Europe, North America, and China, offering little analysis of, or comparison with, markets outside these areas, especially Africa. In both EV deployment and scientific production, Africa could seem to be lagging behind, yet there is some growing momentum for EVs in Africa. This paper examines the place of EVs as a research object and practical alternative to conventional vehicles in Africa. It is based on a twofold methodological approach combining a systematic review of scientific literature and an overview of electric mobility projects on the continent. The results reveal a growing interest in EVs in Africa over the past decade, in both publications and projects. Nevertheless, this growth masks strong disparities in the distribution of projects and papers. In addition, academic research is only weakly related to ongoing electric mobility projects in Africa, with few field experiments in the methodological approaches used by the authors, and, above all, several thematic aspects absent from EV research.
How well do ESWL nomograms predict treatment success in pediatric patients?
Authors: Çakıroğlu Basri , Gözüküçük Ali , Uyanik Bekir Sami
Published: September 2022

Objective:

To study was to identify the variables that influence the outcomes of pediatric SWL patients in our clinic and to compare our findings to previously published nomograms.

Methods:

All children who underwent SWL at a single center between 2005 and 2020 were included in this retrospective study. Depending upon the age and mental state of the children, SWL procedures were performed with or without anesthesia. Data from the hospital information system were obtained on patient characteristics, metabolic evaluation, imaging, SWL details, and post-procedure results, and their correlation with the Onal and Dogan nomograms was evaluated.

Results:

The present study included 112 pediatric patients in total. The average age was 8.22 ± 4.9 (83.3 ± 58.1 months, 4 months–16 years), and the median stone size was 9.5 ± 3.2 mm (4–20 mm). Even though there was quite a significant positive correlation between age and the number of shots and the intensity of shots (intensity and number of shots increased with increasing age), there was no statistical difference in the number of sessions and stone-free rates. The number of shots and sessions was significantly lower in patients with hydronephrosis ( N = 70) than in those without ( N = 42) ( p < 0.001). When the stone-free rates of patients without and with hydronephrosis were compared, it was discovered that they were 69.05% and 92.86%, respectively, which was statistically significant ( p < 0.01).

Conclusions:

It is believed that the nomograms developed for SWL in pediatric patients should be reviewed, and larger, prospective studies should be conducted.
A Qualitative Analysis of Experiences With Food-Related Activities Among People Living With Parkinson Disease and Their Care-Partners
Authors: Ferguson Christine C. , Jung Seung Eun , Lawrence Jeannine C. , Douglas Joy W. , Halli-Tierney Anne , Bui Chuong , Ellis Amy C.
Published: September 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore factors associated with the ability of people with PD to perform food-related activities (FRAs). Methods: Eleven dyads, older adults with Parkinson disease (PD) and their care-partners ( n = 22), completed virtual semi-structured interviews guided by the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) that were independently analyzed by two coders via directed content analysis. Results: The following themes were identified—(1) Personal: perception of a healthy diet, perception of how nutrition influences PD, confidence in following a healthy diet, and barriers to performing FRA; (2) Environmental: previous sources of nutrition information and willingness to changing their diet with a registered dietitian; and (3) Behavioral: modifications to FRA due to food-medication interactions, and skills necessary to maintain a healthy diet. Discussion: Findings from this study highlight the need for nutrition intervention research to inform evidence-based guidelines in order to provide tailored education for people with PD and care-partners.
School Psychology Trainees’ Administration and Scoring Errors on the Woodcock-Johnson IV Tests of Achievement
Authors: Lockwood Adam B. , Klatka Kelsey , Freeman Kelli , Farmer Ryan L. , Benson Nicholas
Published: September 2022

Sixty-three Woodcock–Johnson IV Tests of Achievement protocols, administered by 26 school psychology trainees, were examined to determine the frequency of examiner errors. Errors were noted on all protocols and ranged from 8 to 150 per administration. Critical (e.g., start, stop, and calculation) errors were noted on roughly 97% of protocols. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests indicated multiple subtests were more prone to both critical and non-critical (e.g., failure to record answers verbatim, failure to record qualitative observations) errors; critical errors were generally more common on subtests with objective scoring criteria (i.e., Written Expression and Spelling) and non-critical errors were more frequently observed on subtests that required the recording of answers verbatim. Based on these findings, we encourage trainers to place increased scrutiny on trainee’s objective scoring performance and on requiring recording responses verbatim. Areas of needed future research studies are also discussed.
Jobs-Housing Imbalances, Urban Segregation, and Intra-metropolitan Commute Flows in Mexico City
Authors: Bautista-Hernández Dorian Antonio
Published: September 2022

This study uses data from a comprehensive travel survey in Mexico City to explore the relationship between the jobs-housing ratio and self-contained commute at the TAZ (Traffic Analysis Zone) level. A hierarchical clustering approach identified job-rich and housing-rich areas. Gravity regression models explored the determinants of work trips to job-rich and from housing-rich communities separately. Results indicate jobs-housing ratio had a modest positive association with locally employed residents but not with self-containment. Housing prices in the workplace were highly positively associated with work trips, and therefore it is suggested as a barrier to the co-location process.
Cardiac Imaging in Myocarditis: Current Evidence and Future Directions
Authors: Urzua Fresno Camila , Sanchez Tijmes Felipe , Shaw Kirsten E. , Huang Flora , Thavendiranathan Paaladinesh , Khullar Sharmila , Seidman Michael A. , Hanneman Kate
Published: September 2022

Myocarditis is defined as a non-ischemic inflammatory disease of the myocardium. It remains a challenge to diagnose given non-specific symptoms and lack of specific blood biomarkers. Cardiac imaging plays an important role in the evaluation of myocarditis with unique strengths and limitations of different imaging modalities, including cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography, and positron emission tomography. The purpose of this review is to discuss the strengths and limitations of various cardiac imaging techniques in the evaluation of myocarditis, review imaging findings in specific causes of myocarditis including COVID-19 and after vaccination, evaluate the role of imaging in differentiating myocarditis from potential mimics and differential considerations, identify current gaps in knowledge, and propose future directions.
An Exploratory Study of Engineering Graduate Student Persistence: Self-Efficacy and Contextual Influences
Authors: Fitzpatrick Mary E. , Burrows Stephanie G. , Yonker James A.
Published: September 2022

Women and U.S. racial/ethnic minority students are underrepresented in engineering graduate education and engineering practice. Demographic homogeneity in engineering research teams can negatively affect individuals, innovation, and research outcomes. Thus, it is important to explore factors that influence student intentions to complete engineering degrees, particularly for groups historically underrepresented in engineering. Social Cognitive Career Theory guided the development of new items to evaluate self-efficacy, feeling welcome and included, relationship with principal investigator, and research group environment. Results with 295 engineering graduate students found that female sex, engineering self-efficacy, and feeling welcome and included were independently positively associated with commitment to complete an engineering degree. Feeling welcome and included operated 30% through self-efficacy and 70% directly. The effects of female sex were unmediated by self-efficacy. Results suggest that proximal and distal contextual factors may operate independently from self-efficacy to influence retention in graduate engineering programs.
Pharmacists’ Impact on Older Adults Transitioning To and From Patient Care Centers: A Scoping Review
Authors: Sibicky Stephanie L. , Pogge Elizabeth K. , Bouwmeester Carla J. , Butterfoss Kirsten H. , Ulen Kelly R. , Meyer Kristin S.
Published: September 2022

Objective: Expand upon previous reviews conducted on transitions of care (TOC) services with a focus on pharmacist interventions for older adults specifically transitioning to and from long-term care, acute rehabilitation, residential care facilities, care homes, skilled nursing, or assisted living facilities, collectively termed patient care centers (PCC). Data Sources: A PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE search was conducted including citations between 1974 and July 14, 2022. Bibliographies were also reviewed for additional citations. Methods: Articles included described pharmacist interventions during TOC for patients transitioning to and from PCC, were written in English, and reported outcomes pertaining to TOC services. Of 873 citations reviewed, 22 articles met the inclusion criteria. Results: Most studies were prospective in design with small sample sizes, of limited duration, and with varying interventions and reported outcomes. Most explored the transition from hospital to PCC and included a pharmacist intervention involving the identification of medication errors and discrepancies during the TOC. Few studies reported cost savings or 30- and 60-day reductions in readmission rates or mortality. Conclusions: This scoping review revealed a lack of robust clinical trials to assess the effectiveness of specific interventions performed by pharmacists for patients transitioning to and from PCC. Of the available data, pharmacist involvement within an interprofessional team can be an effective intervention to resolve medication discrepancies, reduce readmissions, and medication-related adverse events. An opportunity exists for future studies to explore ways to improve outcomes during TOC within PCC.
Evaluation of Dexmedetomidine’s Effect on Temperature in Obese Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Atyia Sara A. , Gerlach Anthony T. , Smetana Keaton S. , Thompson Molly J. , May Casey C.
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Previous literature showed an association between hyperthermia and dexmedetomidine (DEX) use for ongoing sedation in non-obese patients. The purpose of this study is to evaluate DEX’s effect on temperature in obese critically ill patients. Methods: This single center, retrospective, cohort study included patients ≥18 years, admitted to a surgical or medical ICU, received DEX for ≥8 hours as a single continuous infusion sedative, and weighed ≥120% of ideal body weight. Patients were excluded if they had a fever (≥38°C) and positive cultures within 48 hours of DEX initiation. The primary endpoint was a fever (Tmax of ≥38°C) within 48 hours of DEX initiation. Results: A total of 186 patients were included for evaluation. Forty-two patients (22.5%) had a fever during the first 48 hours of DEX initiation. Median weight was not different between the febrile and afebrile groups (99.4 [90.6-122.4] vs 97.6 [81.6-114.2] kg, P = .6). Median change from baseline temperature for all patients within 48 hours was an increase of .5 (.1-.8) °C, P < .001. In multiple regression analysis, duration of DEX and baseline temperature were the only significant predictors of fever development with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.041 (95% CI 1.009-1.074, P = .012) and 7.058 (95% CI 3.307-15.064, P < .001), respectively. Conclusions: This study suggests that there is a significant increase in body temperature from baseline for obese patients on DEX. Duration of DEX and baseline temperature were found to be risk factors for fever development in this population. Further studies are warranted.
Poly(arylene ether nitrile)/lamellar MXene nanosheet composite films fabricated via bio-inspired dopamine surface chemistry
Authors: Dong Hongyu , Yang Wei , Sun Ao , Zhan Yingqing , Chen Yiwen , Chen Ximin
Published: September 2022

2D lamellar MXene nanosheets have shown the promising candidate for preparing dielectric polymer composites due to their excellent electrical and mechanical properties. However, the high dielectric loss and low temperature resistance restrict their further application, which are still big challenges. In this work, MXene nanosheets were modified by dopamine mediated chemical crosslinking with polyethylenimine, which was further incorporated into the temperature-resistant poly (arylene ether nitrile) (PEN) matrix via a simple solution-casting method to prepare the dielectric MXene/PEN composite film. Specially, the insulating layer originated from polyethylenimine and polydopamine not only enhanced the interface polarization and the uniform dispersion of MXene in the polymer matrix, but also prevented the formation of conductive network. As a result, the MXene/PEN composite film achieved the high dielectric constant of 13.3 (1 kHz) when filling content was 7 wt%, and the dielectric loss was suppressed to 0.042. As the filling content reached 5 wt%, the MXene/PEN composite film had the maximum tensile strength and tensile modulus of 70.9 MPa and 3042.6 MPa, respectively, while maintaining a high elongation at break larger than 6.5%. In addition, the composite film retained the thermal decomposition temperature (T10%) of 460–521°C and the glass transition temperature higher than 149°C. Therefore, this work provides an alternative way to prepare thermally stable and dielectric polymer composite film with high mechanical strength and low dielectric loss, which is essential to the modern electronic applications.
Integrated reed valves applicable to miniature high pressure compressor and investigation on their dynamic characteristics based on equivalent model
Authors: Deng Yipan , Jiang Xin , Liu Yinshui , Pang Hao , Wu Defa
Published: September 2022

Miniature high pressure compressor (MHPC) is key component of continuous gas supply system in aircraft for missile launching and infrared cooling. Valve design makes a crucial role in reciprocating compressors and traditional valves in high-pressure reciprocating compressors usually occupy a large space, have relative larger clearance volume and spring stiffness, which are incompetent to be applied to MHPC. In this study, integrated reed valves with four cantilevers on a steel plate are proposed to serve as the suction valves and discharge valves in MHPC. By this method, the number of valve parts and the axial dimension can be greatly reduced. Theoretical research has been carried out to reveal the dynamic characteristics of the proposed integrated valves. Numerical methods based on equivalent model of cantilever valve are proposed to improve the calculating efficiency compared to traditional CFD method. The equivalent stiffness and equivalent mass for valve motion equations have been calculated and plugged into the whole mathematical models. Based on the optimized valve parameters, experimental investigation on MHPC has been carried out.
Orchestration of perspectives in televised climate change debates
Authors: Nielsen Søren Beck
Published: September 2022

Previous research has tied the journalistic norm of ‘balance’ to an overarching tendency to polarize the climate debate between realists and contrarians. This study uses conversation analysis to advance our knowledge about how climate changes are debated verbally in practice. It builds upon a corpus of current televised climate change panel debates in Denmark. The corpus confirms a documented turn from debating if global warming is a fact to debating what we should do to reduce emissions. Analyses detail two methods, which the interviewer invokes to administer turn-taking: (a) stand-alone next speaker reference and (b) prefatory address term + interrogatives that implicitly project disagreement. These methods help interviewers sustain their formal neutrality. But the study also finds that perspectives are orchestrated to (re)produce multiple polarizations between representatives of different interests and ideologies, for example activists versus business representatives, which might not be helpful in solving the climate crisis.
Factors mediating cancer risk in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Hardenbergh Dylan , Molina Emily , Naik Rakhi , Geetha Duvuru , Chaturvedi Shruti , Timlin Homa
Published: September 2022

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at an elevated risk for certain cancers compared to the population at large. Cancers seen at higher rates in the SLE population include hematologic malignancies, such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and cancers of the lung and thyroid. SLE patients also have a decreased risk for certain malignancies, such as breast cancer, melanoma, and prostate cancer. We review the literature on risk factors for malignancy in patients with SLE and discuss the exogenous and innate factors that are thought to contribute to the unique pattern of cancer risk observed in this patient population. These risk factors are important for providers of SLE patients to understand in order to maintain high clinical suspicion and detect malignancy as soon as possible. Further research is needed to determine the most effective guidelines on counseling patients on cancer screening and prevention.