bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ И РАСЧЕТ СПЕКТРА ФОТОЛЮМИНЕСЦЕНЦИИ ГЕТЕРОСТРУКТУРЫ С КВАНТОВОЙ ЯМОЙ НА ПРИМЕРЕ ALGaAS/GaAS
Authors: Давыдова З.
Published: February 2021

This research aims to improve the available means for characterizing the emission properties of quantum well heterostructures by modeling and calculating the absorption and photoluminescence spectra using the GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure as an example. Research is conducted based on multilayer heterostructures and heterostructures with quantum wells to develop detectors and emitting elements in the infrared frequency range, pulsed solid-state generators in the millimeter and submillimeter-wave ranges. The study of radiating properties of heterostructures with a quantum well on A3B5 compounds has become widespread [1-3]. It is possible to control the heterostructure's emission frequency by selecting the optimal composition of the wideband semiconductor layer, the level and type of its doping, the doping region, and the quantum well layer width, which is of applied importance for the development of optoelectronic devices. Technologies for manufacturing such heterostructures are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and expensive processes, which contribute to developing methods for modeling and calculating the characteristic frequencies of radiation and absorption of radiation. Based on such calculations, radiating elements of the submicronic wavelength range can be developed based on heterostructures with a quantum well on the A3B5 type compounds. [4]
LABOUR AND KAPITAL: TRADE WAR BETWEEN AMERICA AND CHINA
Authors: Kulik V. , Kulik I.
Published: February 2021

America, having reduced its production at home, scattered it all over the world, where only it is beneficial to money capitalists, bankers and financial oligarchs, everyone who shares American interests.
ИСТОРИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ БРАЧНО-СЕМЕЙНОГО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВО УЗБЕКИСТАНА
Authors: Kuchkarova N.
Published: February 2021

В статье рассматриваются правовое регулирование института семьи и брака в национальном семейном праве а также брак как правовой институт, понятие брака. Проанализированы соотношение норм семейного права и морали в регулировании брачно-семейных отношений. Изучены история развития законодательства о браке.Автором уделены внимани на заимствование зарубежного опыта в вопросах правового регулирования фактических брачно-семейных отношений мужчины и женщины в Республики .порядок и условия заключения брака.
ОЦЕНКА ПОЖАРНОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ МУКОМОЛЬНЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ
Authors: Sherstobitova L. L. , Ponomarev A.
Published: February 2021

В статье приводится расчет избыточного давления взрыва, образующегося при объемном горении воздушно-мучной смеси. Полученные результаты позволяют спрогнозировать мероприятия и управленческие решения по обеспечению защиты людей и взрывобезопасности объекта.
ЗДОРОВЬЕ В СТРУКТУРЕ ЦЕННОСТЕЙ ЛИЦ РАЗНОГО ВОЗРАСТА
Authors: Lazareva Y.
Published: February 2021

В статье рассматривается проблема ценностного отношения к здоровью в разных возрастных группах. В работе представлены результаты исследования представлений о здоровье, а также терминальных и инструментальных ценностей лиц 20-35 лет, 35-65 лет, старше 65 лет. Выявлено, что в возрастной группе 20-35 лет здоровье связывается с положительными сигналами, поступающими от организма, и не входит в число основных ценностей. В двух других возрастных группах здоровье определяется как отсутствие отрицательных сигналов и выступает одной из ведущих ценностей.
К ВОПРОСУ О ПРОДВИЖЕНИИ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ ЦЕННОСТЕЙ ОЛИМПИЗМА ПОСРЕДСТВОМ ГЛОБАЛЬНОЙ ИНТЕРНЕТ-СЕТИ
Authors: Ryabchuk Y. , Gorbaneva E.
Published: February 2021

В статье рассматривается значимость интеграции спорта и культуры как одной из основополагающих концепций Олимпизма Пьера де Кубертена, направленной на гармоничное развитие личности. Проведен анализ состояния современных интернет-платформ и выявлена тенденция к цифровизации информации, в частности, связанной с Олимпийским движением. Определены проблемные аспекты в доступности ресурсов и информированности аудитории и предложены практические пути решения.
Exploring the Effect of Learners' Age Variation and Their Perceptions on the Responses about Mother Tongue Use in L2 Learning
Authors: Ahsan Muhammad , Younus Noshaba , Naeem Muhammad
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the current study was to explore the effect of learners' age variation and their perceptions on the responses about mother tongue use in L2 learning at degree level. To find out an obvious understanding of this subject matter, the study focused on 577 L2 learners, for the sake of data collection questionnaire war used as a research tool. The data were analyzed through SPSS (statistical package for social sciences). Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, Analysis of variance (ANOVA), T-Test and Cronbach's alpha. The results of the study indicated that the undergraduate learners showed highly positive perceptions regarding the use of mother tongue in the L2 classroom. The majority of the undergraduate respondents preferred using mother tongue in certain situations for specific reasons such as while learning about grammar rules and its usage in the target language classroom, discussing course policies, attendance, and other administrative information, explaining some difficult concepts, to give directions about exams and in introducing the aim of the lesson, to discuss tests, quizzes, and other assignments appropriately.
Evaluating Sub-Saharan Africa’s COVID-19 Research Contribution: A Preliminary bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Asubiaro Toluwase , Shaik Hafsah
Published: February 2021

The response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in the science community is unprecedented as indicated by the high number of research publications. Deeper insight into COVID-19 research at regional, and national levels through bibliometric research has revealed different levels of research evolution, depth, contribution, and collaboration patterns. Such reliable and evidence-based information is important for health research planning and policy making. This study aims at providing some evidence-based insight into Sub-Saharan Africa’s preliminary COVID-19 research by evaluating its research contributions, patterns of collaboration, and funding sources. COVID-19 publication data from all the 41 Sub-Saharan African countries was collected from Scopus for analysis. Results show that Sub-Saharan Africa contributed about two percent to global COVID-19 research. South Africa contributed 50.95% of all the COVID-19 publications from Sub-Saharan Africa while USA (28.48%) and the UK (24.47%), the top two external contributors, collaborated with Sub-Saharan African countries three times more than other countries. Collaborative papers between Sub-Saharan African countries - without contributions from outside the region- made up less than five percent of the sample, whereas over 50% of the papers were written in collaboration with researchers from outside the region. Organizations based in USA, UK, and EU funded more than 60% of all the COVID-19 research from Sub-Saharan Africa. More than 60% of all the funding from Sub-Saharan African countries came from South African organizations. This study provides evidence that pan-African COVID-19 research collaboration is low, perhaps due to poor funding and institutional support within Africa. There is a need to forge stronger pan-African research collaboration networks, through funding from Africa’s national and regional government organizations, with the specific objective of meeting COVID-19 healthcare needs of Africans.
Rancang Bangun Alat Bantu Pemeriksaan Knee Joint pada Kasus Osteoarthritis
Authors: Pamungkas Agung Bayu , Handoko Bagus Dwi , Sulistiyadi Akhmad Haris
Published: February 2021

Background : The Knee joint is a hinge joint with a change formed by the two condyls of the femur that are jointed with the superior surface of the tibial tube. Radiographic examination of the knee joint on AP weight bearing and lateral weight bearing projections is a good projection in revealing joint gaps in the knee joint. The constraints on this examination are when patients who have little difficulty standing on one leg when doing lateral projection of weight bearing. So that a knee joint examination tool is needed in the case of osteoarthrithis.Methods : The purpose of this study was to describe the design, study the function tests and performance tests of knee joint hearing aids in the case of osteoarthrithis.This research is a type of experimental research with the design of a one shoot case study. Data collection is obtained by a check list of results of functional tests and performance test tools. The data obtained was assessed by Guttman's scale and conclusions and suggestions were drawn.This study produced a design in the form of a knee joint examination tool. The tool is made of stainless steel pipes, on a pedestal made of wooden boards, foam and cloth. Based on the calculation of the check list using the Guttman scale.Result: The function test results were 100% and the performance test results were 96%. Until the knee joint examination tool in the case of osteoarthrithis is said to be feasible to use.Conclusion : This knee joint examination aid has a number of parts, a pedestal made of wood sheets, adjustable footrests, and a patient's padded arms. The auxiliary framework uses a 3 cm diameter stainless steel pipe with a thickness of 1 mm. Based on the functional tests in the Radiology Installation of Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto obtained results 100% for knee joint examination in osteoarthritis cases with AP weight bearing projections and lateral weight bearing. Based on performance tests which involved 5 respondents who were radiographers were said to be very appropriate with a percentage of 96% with an excess of ease in operation, reducing the movement of patients, and helping the radiographers to produce informative radiographs.
The Impact of Physical Activity on Risk and Health-Related Quality of Life in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Rodríguez Cintas Marina , Márquez Sara , González-Gallego Javier
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:

Sedentarism is an important modifiable risk factor in the struggle against cancer. In the last decades, the relationship between physical activity and different types of cancer has been investigated in depth.

OBJECTIVE:

To provide an overview of the literature on the effectiveness of physical activity in reducing the risk to develop bladder cancer and improving health-related quality of life in patients.

METHODS:

A systematic review was conducted through a search of the Embase, Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (WOS) databases to seek information and PRISMA system to delimitate the research. Outcomes included in searches were physical activity, tobacco consumption, obesity, body mass index, and metabolic syndrome, associated with bladder cancer and quality of life.

RESULTS:

Database searches identified 394 records, of which 75 were duplicated. A total of 280 articles were excluded based on abstract screening. An additional 16 full-text articles were excluded because they did not meet the eligibility criteria. Overall, 21 of the 23 studies included in the review reported beneficial effects of physical activity in bladder cancer. The majority of papers found that physical activity is a significant factor in reducing the risk of bladder cancer. Moreover, physical activity improves health-related quality of life in bladder cancer survivors, and diminishes both recurrence and mortality in those who engage in regular activity. Lastly, physical inactivity is associated with increased body mass index, obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and unfavourable energy balance, which led to a greater probability of suffering from bladder cancer.

CONCLUSIONS:

These data reinforce the importance of promoting a healthy lifestyle to reduce the risk of bladder cancer and to improve survivorship and health-related quality of life of patients.
Developmental dysplasia of the hip and associated risk factors in Saudi children: A retrospective study
Authors: Ibrahim Alaa , Mortada Eman , Alqahtani Saeed , Alkathri Haya , Alsayyed Rania , Abualait Turki , Alwhaibi Reem
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND: Studies investigating the association between developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and risk factors in Saudi Arabia are rare. OBJECTIVE: Investigate the association between DDH and several risk factors among Saudi children. METHODS: The medical records of 82 children born in or admitted to King Abdul Aziz Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia with clinical suspicion of hip dislocation (HD) were included. The association between DDH and the following risk factors was investigated: age < 3 y, female-gender, twinning, first-born child, C-section, breech presentation, prematurity, positive family history and presence of associated abnormalities. RESULTS: HD was confirmed in 73 (89%) children (Positive HD) and excluded in 9 (11%) children (Negative HD). Eleven (13.4%) children were excluded from the positive cases as it was confirmed that they have paralytic hip dislocation not DDH. DDH was confirmed in 62 children (75.6%). The Chi square test (χ2) and odds ratios (OR) revealed that the positive family history, female-gender, age < 3 years, and presence of associated abnormalities had significant associations with the presence of DDH with P values and OR equal 0.00 (16.4), 0.002 (3.1), 0.005 (2.6), and 0.04 (1.9) respectively. Breech presentation, twinning, first-born children, prematurity, and C-section were not associated with DDH with P values and OR equal 0.93 (1.1), 0.46 (0.4), 0.11 (0.4), 0.08 (0.3), and 0.002 (0.3) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Positive family history, female-gender, age < 3 years, and presence of associated abnormalities had approximately 16, 3, 2.5, and 2 times increased risk for DDH.
Balance and functional disorders in geriatric patients after total hip prosthesis removal
Authors: Truszczyńska-Baszak Aleksandra , Drzał-Grabiec Justyna , Tarnowski Adam
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND: One of the most difficult complications of total hip arthroplasty is an infection in the area of the implant with an incidence of 0.5% to 2.5% resulting in the most severe situation in prosthesis removal. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess postural stability and functional disorders in patients after hip prosthesis removal. METHODS: A group of 15 patients after hip prosthesis removal was compared to a control group of 15 healthy persons who were age-matched without any symptoms of degenerative disorders in the lower spine and lower extremities. The static balance test was conducted on a bi-modular stabilometric platform, registering the movement of the centre of foot pressure. The functional state of the patients was assessed on the basis of the Harris Hip Score (HHS). RESULTS: Patients had poor functional result (HSS mean 62.29 ± 12.92 points). Obtained results of postural stability of patients showed huge difficulties maintaining stability and showed statistically significant differences in a majority of the analysed parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Several stability parameters showed significantly worse results in patients after hip prosthesis removal. Special attention should be paid and focused physiotherapy should be undertaken for patients with a stability disorder and functional status to prevent falls and improve functioning.
Infertility cell therapy and epigenetic insights
Authors: Eshghifar Nahal , Dehghan Behnam Kamali , Do Atieh Abedin , Koukhaloo Saeideh Zamani , Habibi Mohsen , Pouresmaeili Farkhondeh
Published: February 2021

Recent advances in assisted reproductive technology (ART) have allowed couples with severe infertility to conceive, but the methods are not effective for all cases. Stem cells as undifferentiated cells which are found in different stages of embryonic, fetal and adult life are known to be capable of forming different cell types, tissues, and organs. Due to their unlimited resources and the incredible power of differentiation are considered as potential new therapeutic biological tools for treatment of infertility. For reproductive medicine, stem cells are stimulated in vitro to develop various specialized functional cells including male and female gametes. The epigenetic patterns can be modified in the genome under certain drugs exposure or lifestyle alterations. Therefore, epigenetics-related disorders may be treated if the nature of the modifications is completely admissible. It is proved that our understanding of epigenetic processes and its association with infertility would help us not only to understand the etiological factors but also to treat some type of male infertilities. Exploration of both genetic and epigenetic variations in the disease development could help in the identification of the interaction patterns between these two phenomena and possible improvement of therapeutic methods.
Pattern discovery in time series using autoencoder in comparison to nonlearning approaches
Authors: Noering Fabian Kai-Dietrich , Schroeder Yannik , Jonas Konstantin , Klawonn Frank
Published: February 2021

In technical systems the analysis of similar situations is a promising technique to gain information about the system’s state, its health or wearing. Very often, situations cannot be defined but need to be discovered as recurrent patterns within time series data of the system under consideration. This paper addresses the assessment of different approaches to discover frequent variable-length patterns in time series. Because of the success of artificial neural networks (NN) in various research fields, a special issue of this work is the applicability of NNs to the problem of pattern discovery in time series. Therefore we applied and adapted a Convolutional Autoencoder and compared it to classical nonlearning approaches based on Dynamic Time Warping, based on time series discretization as well as based on the Matrix Profile. These nonlearning approaches have also been adapted, to fulfill our requirements like the discovery of potentially time scaled patterns from noisy time series. We showed the performance (quality, computing time, effort of parametrization) of those approaches in an extensive test with synthetic data sets. Additionally the transferability to other data sets is tested by using real life vehicle data. We demonstrated the ability of Convolutional Autoencoders to discover patterns in an unsupervised way. Furthermore the tests showed, that the Autoencoder is able to discover patterns with a similar quality like classical nonlearning approaches.
A novel approach to fully representing the diversity in conditional dependencies for learning Bayesian network classifier
Authors: Wang Limin , Chen Peng , Chen Shenglei , Sun Minghui
Published: February 2021

Bayesian network classifiers (BNCs) have proved their effectiveness and efficiency in the supervised learning framework. Numerous variations of conditional independence assumption have been proposed to address the issue of NP-hard structure learning of BNC. However, researchers focus on identifying conditional dependence rather than conditional independence, and information-theoretic criteria cannot identify the diversity in conditional (in)dependencies for different instances. In this paper, the maximum correlation criterion and minimum dependence criterion are introduced to sort attributes and identify conditional independencies, respectively. The heuristic search strategy is applied to find possible global solution for achieving the trade-off between significant dependency relationships and independence assumption. Our extensive experimental evaluation on widely used benchmark data sets reveals that the proposed algorithm achieves competitive classification performance compared to state-of-the-art single model learners (e.g., TAN, KDB, KNN and SVM) and ensemble learners (e.g., ATAN and AODE).
Performance fatigability and the bilateral deficit during maximal, isokinetic leg extensions in men and women
Authors: Anders John Paul V. , Keller Joshua L. , Smith Cory M. , Hill Ethan C. , Neltner Tyler J. , Housh Terry J. , Schmidt Richard J. , Johnson Glen O.
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined sex differences in performance fatigability and the bilateral deficit in a dynamic modality. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine: 1) Leg-, mode-, and sex-specific differences in performance fatigability during maximal, dynamic leg extension muscle actions and; 2) the time course of fatigue-induced changes in the bilateral deficit for both men and women. METHODS: Eleven men and 11 women participated in 3 test visits consisting of 50 maximal, concentric, isokinetic leg extensions at 60∘/s. Each visit was randomized to perform either unilateral right leg only (RL), unilateral left leg only (LL), or bilateral (BL) leg extensions. RESULTS: The BL performance fatigability was significantly (p< 0.001) less than RL and LL. Both men and women demonstrated significant (p< 0.001) declines in moment and an attenuation of the bilateral deficit throughout the fatiguing task. There were no differences between sex for performance fatigability (p= 0.128) or the bilateral deficit (p= 0.102). CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral muscle actions were more susceptible to fatigue than BL muscle actions. Men exhibited an earlier decline in moment than women, however, men and women exhibited similar magnitudes and patterns of decline in the bilateral deficit.
Acute effects of plyometric warm-up with different box heights on sprint and agility performance in national-level field hockey athletes
Authors: Sener Tugce , Sozbir Kerim , Karli Umid
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND: Postactivation potentiation (PAP) is an acute and temporary enhancement of muscular performance resulting from previous muscular contraction. Extensive research exists examining the PAP effect after a heavy resistance exercise but there is limited research examining the PAP effect after a plyometric stimulus to the pre-competition practices (e.g., warm-up) of well-trained athletes. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of plyometric warm-up with different box heights on sprint and agility performance in national-level field hockey athletes at recovery time of immediately, 5 minutes and 10 minutes. METHODS: In a randomized crossover design, ten male national-level field hockey athletes performed 30-m sprint (with 10-m split) and agility test at baseline, immediately (∼ 15 sec), 5 minutes and 10 minutes after a high-intensity plyometric warm-up (HIPW), a low-intensity plyometric warm-up (LIPW) and a control trial (CT). RESULTS: Mean 10-m sprint times, 30-m sprint times and agility times were similar between trials at baseline (p> 0.05). Significant trial x time interactions (p⩽ 0.05) were observed for 10-m sprint time, 30-m sprint time and agility time. 10-m sprint times were significantly decreased after HIPW at all time-points and LIPW at immediately time-point, relative to baseline (p⩽ 0.05). HIPW 10-m sprint times were faster at all time-points and LIPW sprint time was faster at 10 minutes when compared with CT (p⩽ 0.05). Thirty-meter sprint times were significantly decreased after HIPW and LIPW at all time-points, relative to baseline (p⩽ 0.05). HIPW 30-m sprint times at all time-points and LIPW at both the 5 and 10 minute time-points were faster than CT (p⩽ 0.05). Agility times were significantly decreased after HIPW at all time-points and LIPW at both the immediately and 5 minutes time-points, relative to baseline (p⩽ 0.05). HIPW and LIPW agility times were faster than CT, at all time-points (p⩽ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both HIPW and LIPW may be effective in enhancing the pre-training or pre-competition practices in off-season for national-level field hockey athletes. However, the individualization of HIPW is highly recommended in order to maintain PAP effects for 10-m sprint times, 30-m sprint times and agility times throughout the 10 minutes when compared to LIPW.
Validity and Reliability of the New Chinese Version of the Frontal Assessment Battery-Phonemic
Authors: Li Xudong , Shen Miaoxin , Jin Yi , Jia Shuhong , Zhou Zhi , Han Ziling , Zhang Xiangfei , Tong Xiaopeng , Jiao Jinsong
Published: February 2021

Background: Alzheimer’s disease dementia (ADD) is an important health problem in the world. Objective: The present study investigated the validity and reliability of a new version of the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) named the FAB-phonemic (FAB-P). Methods: A total of 76 patients with ADD, 107 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), 37 patients with non-amnestic MCI (naMCI), and 123 healthy controls were included in this study. All participants were evaluated with the FAB-P and the cognitive assessments according to a standard procedure. Results: The global FAB-P scores in patients with ADD were lower than those of patients with aMCI, patients with naMCI, and healthy controls (p < 0.001). Patients with aMCI performed worse than healthy controls (p < 0.001). The interrater reliability, test-retest reliability, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the FAB-P were 0.997, 0.819, and 0.736, respectively. The test could distinguish the patients with mild ADD, aMCI, and naMCI from healthy controls with classification accuracy of 89.4%, 70.9%, and 61.6%, respectively. It could also discriminate between the patients with ADD and aMCI, between those with ADD and naMCI, and between those with aMCI and naMCI with classification accuracy of 73.8%, 83.9%, and 58.0%, respectively. The regression analysis revealed that the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the Stroop Color Word Test Part C had the greatest contribution to FAB-P score variance. Conclusion: The FAB-P is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating frontal lobe function and can effectively discriminate ADD, aMCI, and naMCI.
Glucose-Dementia Association Is Consistent Over Blood Pressure/Antihypertensive Groups
Authors: Zhou Jing , Walker Rod L. , Gray Shelly L. , Marcum Zachary A. , Barthold Douglas , Bowen James D. , McCormick Wayne , McCurry Susan M. , Larson Eric B. , Crane Paul K.
Published: February 2021

Background: Higher glucose levels are associated with dementia risk in people with and without diabetes. However, little is known about how this association might vary by hypertension status and antihypertensive treatment. Most studies on modifiable dementia risk factors consider each factor in isolation. Objective: To test the hypothesis that hypertension and antihypertensive treatments may modify associations between glucose levels and dementia. Methods: Analyses of data generated from a research study and clinical care of participants from a prospective cohort of dementia-free older adults, including glucose measures, diabetes and antihypertensive treatments, and blood pressure data. We defined groups based on blood pressure (hypertensive versus not, ≥140/90 mmHg versus <140/90 mmHg) and antihypertensive treatment intensity (0, 1, or ≥2 classes of antihypertensives). We used Bayesian joint models to jointly model longitudinal exposure and time to event data. Results: A total of 3,056 participants without diabetes treatment and 480 with diabetes treatment were included (mean age at baseline, 75.1 years; mean 7.5 years of follow-up). Higher glucose levels were associated with greater dementia risk among people without and with treated diabetes. Hazard ratios for dementia were similar across all blood pressure/antihypertensive treatment groups (omnibus p = 0.82 for people without and p = 0.59 for people with treated diabetes). Conclusion: Hypertension and antihypertensive treatments do not appear to affect the association between glucose and dementia risk in this population-based longitudinal cohort study of community-dwelling older adults. Future studies are needed to examine this question in midlife and by specific antihypertensive treatments.
The Role of Microglia in Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Streit Wolfgang J. , Khoshbouei Habibeh , Bechmann Ingo
Published: February 2021

Microglia constitute the brain’s immune system and their involvement in Alzheimer’s disease has been discussed. Commonly, and in line with the amyloid/neuroinflammation cascade hypothesis, microglia have been portrayed as potentially dangerous immune effector cells thought to be overactivated by amyloid and producing neurotoxic inflammatory mediators that lead to neurofibrillary degeneration. We disagree with this theory and offer as an alternative the microglial dysfunction theory stating that microglia become impaired in their normally neuroprotective roles because of aging, i.e., they become senescent and aging neurons degenerate because they lack the needed microglial support for their survival. Thus, while the amyloid cascade theory relies primarily on genetic data, the dysfunction theory incorporates aging as a critical etiological factor. Aging is the greatest risk factor for the sporadic (late-onset) and most common form of Alzheimer’s disease, where fully penetrant genetic mutations are absent. In this review, we lay out and discuss the human evidence that supports senescent microglial dysfunction and conflicts with the amyloid/neuroinflammation idea.
A surrogate approach to estimate the intrinsic multifractality in financial returns using adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)
Authors: Wang Chunxia
Published: February 2021

The multifractal behaviors in financial markets results from temporal correlations as well as broad distribution. To evaluate the intrinsic multifractality caused by temporal correlations, surrogate approach is employed under the rank order remapping technique and sign randomization. In contrast to raw multifractality, it is found that intrinsic multifractality is more stable across many years. In this work, we utilize ANFIS model for estimating the intrinsic multifractality in financial returns. Furthermore, the intrinsic multifractality of serial major instruments are highly correlated, which can be served as an index of global market.
Construction of intelligent query system for metro electromechanical equipment faults based on the knowledge graph
Authors: Liu Ziyu , Li Ying , Zhao Lixia , Guo Pengtao
Published: February 2021

The intelligent inquiry system for metro electro-mechanical equipment faults based on the knowledge graph can effectively consolidate various semi-structured failure messages, and can provide users with quick, accurate and high-quality intelligent inquiry services such as equipment fault causes-researching and solutions-delivering, which could be really relevant to this research field and application areas. The recorded date which related to metro electromechanical equipment failures were in this research collected, consolidated and converted, so that these failures could be stored in our databases. In this context, various functions of the intelligent inquiry system have been implemented, including: natural language question analysis, language Cypher-based question and answer design, Naive Bayesian classification based on characteristic core words, and user interaction interface realization. The experimental results show that the system can effectively solve the problems related to fault handling in metro mechanical and electrical equipment, thus improving the efficiency of equipment fault maintenance.
Route planning of intelligent bridge cranes based on an improved artificial potential field method
Authors: Chang Zhengyan , Zhang Zhengwei , Deng Qiang , Li Zheren
Published: February 2021

The artificial potential field method is usually applied to the path planning problem of driverless cars or mobile robots. For example, it has been applied for the obstacle avoidance problem of intelligent cars and the autonomous navigation system of storage robots. However, there have been few studies on its application to intelligent bridge cranes. The artificial potential field method has the advantages of being a simple algorithm with short operation times. However, it is also prone to problems of unreachable targets and local minima. Based on the analysis of the operating characteristics of bridge cranes, a two-dimensional intelligent running environment model of a bridge crane was constructed in MATLAB. According to the basic theory of the artificial potential field method, the double-layer artificial potential field method was deduced, and the path and track fuzzy processing method was proposed. These two methods were implemented in MATLAB simulations. The results showed that the improved artificial potential field method could avoid static obstacles efficiently.
Next point-of-interest recommendation by sequential feature mining and public preference awareness
Authors: Shi Meihui , Shen Derong , Kou Yue , Nie Tiezheng , Yu Ge
Published: February 2021

With the widespread of location-based social networks (LBSNs), the amount of check-in data grows rapidly, which helps to recommend the next point-of-interest (POI). Extracting sequential patterns from check-in data has become a meaningful way for next POI recommendation, since human movement exhibits sequential patterns in LBSNs. However, due to the check-ins’ sparsity problem, exploiting sequential patterns in next POI recommendation is a challenging issue, which makes the learned sequential patterns unreliable. Inspired by the fact that auxiliary information can be incorporated to alleviate this situation, in this paper, we model sequential transition based on both item-wise check-in sequences and region-wise spatial information. Besides, we propose an attention-aware recurrent neural network (ATTRNN) to learn the contribution of different time steps. Furthermore, considering users’ decision-making is influenced by public’s common preference to some extent, we design a novel framework, namely HSP (short for “Hybrid model based on Sequential feature mining and Public preference awareness”), to recommend POIs for a given user. We conduct a comprehensive performance evaluation for HSP on two real-world datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that compared to other state-of-the-art techniques, the proposed HSP achieves significantly improvements.
On 2-partition dimension of the circulant graphs
Authors: Nadeem Asim , Kashif Agha , Zafar Sohail , Zahid Zohaib
Published: February 2021

The partition dimension is a variant of metric dimension in graphs. It has arising applications in the fields of network designing, robot navigation, pattern recognition and image processing. Let G (V (G) , E (G)) be a connected graph and Γ = {P1, P2, …, Pm} be an ordered m-partition of V (G). The partition representation of vertex v with respect to Γ is an m-vector r (v|Γ) = (d (v, P1) , d (v, P2) , …, d (v, Pm)), where d (v, P) = min {d (v, x) |x ∈ P} is the distance between v and P. If the m-vectors r (v|Γ) differ in at least 2 positions for all v ∈ V (G), then the m-partition is called a 2-partition generator of G. A 2-partition generator of G with minimum cardinality is called a 2-partition basis of G and its cardinality is known as the 2-partition dimension of G. Circulant graphs outperform other network topologies due to their low message delay, high connectivity and survivability, therefore are widely used in telecommunication networks, computer networks, parallel processing systems and social networks. In this paper, we computed partition dimension of circulant graphs Cn (1, 2) for n ≡ 2 (mod 4), n ≥ 18 and hence corrected the result given by Salman et al. [Acta Math. Sin. Engl. Ser. 2012, 28, 1851-1864]. We further computed the 2-partition dimension of Cn (1, 2) for n ≥ 6.
Multi-attribute decision-making method based on normal T-spherical fuzzy aggregation operator
Authors: Liu Peide , Wang Dongyang , Zhang Hui , Yan Liang , Li Ying , Rong Lili
Published: February 2021

T-spherical fuzzy numbers (FNs), which add an abstinence degree based on membership and non-membership degrees, can express neutral information conveniently and have a considerable large range of information expression. The normal FNs (NFNs) are very available to characterize normal distribution phenomenon widely existing in social life. In this paper, we first define the normal T-SFNs (NT-SFNs) which can combine the advantages of T-SFNs and NFNs. Then, we define their operational laws, score value, and accuracy value. By considering the interrelationship among multi-input parameters, we propose the Maclaurin symmetric mean operator with NT-SFNs (NT-SFMSM) and its weighted form (NT-SFWMSM). Furthermore, we study some characteristics and special cases of them. Based on the NT-SFWMSM operator, we put forward a novel multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) approach. Finally, some numerical examples are conducted to prove that the proposed approach is valid and superior to some other existing methods.
Lessons Learned from ISIS Recruitment in Turkey: A Paradigm Shift in Counterterrorism Is Needed
Authors: Ozeren Suleyman , Cubukcu Suat , Bastug Mehmet F.
Published: February 2021

The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) has been unprecedentedly effective in recruiting foreign terrorist fighters (FTFs). While Turkey has been a transit country and a major hub for ISIS’s logistical and human resources, it also has become a prolific hotbed for its recruitment. Based on face-to-face interviews and open-source reports, this paper provides an in-depth assessment of ISIS’s recruitment structure and the challenges that Turkey faces in relation to ISIS’s activities and FTFs. We conclude with a set of recommendations and a roadmap for pursuing effective and sustainable policies against ISIS. Overall, Turkey should adopt a paradigm shift on counterterrorism, transform the security and intelligence apparatus, and develop rehabilitation programs that consider the specificity of individuals’ radicalization at different levels.
Breaking the ISIS Brand Counter Narrative Project: Understanding, Preventing, and Intervening in Militant Jihadi Terrorism and Violent Extremism
Authors: Speckhard Anne , Ellenberg Molly , Baddorf Zack
Published: February 2021

The content of this chapter describes the processes by which individuals become radicalized toward militant jihadi terrorism and ultimately join terrorist groups using ISIS recruitment and radicalization within ISIS as the focus of doing so. In doing so, it identifies steps that practitioners and policy makers can use to prevent and counter violent jihadist extremism by taking a nuanced approach that considers psychosocial vulnerabilities and environmental factors that contribute to radicalization. The case studies presented to illustrate these points are gleaned from the 240 interviews [1] with ISIS defectors, returnees, and imprisoned cadres interviewed by the first author, a research psychologist, in her role as director of the International Center for the Study of Violent Extremism (ICSVE) and well as hundreds of terrorists from other groups. In the case of the ISIS interviews, with the interviewees’ consent, the interviews were video-recorded and cut to create short counter narrative clips that can be used as a powerful tool for challenging the beliefs that individuals who have been exposed to ISIS propaganda may hold. This chapter also focuses on the Internet campaigns that ICSVE has used to test various aspects of the counter narrative videos, revealing the best ways to utilize the counter narratives and to maximize their impact online. Given that ISIS has become notorious for its skill at Internet recruitment and creating high-quality propaganda videos, it is imperative that counter terrorism professionals are able to parallel their efforts in order to continue fighting them even after the territorial defeat of the Caliphate.
The Afghan Peace Talks: Transforming Experience and Using Knowledge to Confront Future Crises—What Does the Afghanistan Experience Tell Us About the Future of Countering Violent Extremism?
Authors: Mohibi Ahmad Shah
Published: February 2021

On September 12, 2020, the Afghan peace talks begin between the Taliban and the Afghan government in Doha-Qatar to end the 19 years of war. This significant diplomatic effort was only possible when in February 29, 2020, the United States and the Taliban reached an “historic agreement” in the presence of the international community in Doha-Qatar committing all U.S. troops to lave Afghanistan in 14 months in return the Taliban will cut ties with al-Qaida and make peace. [1, p. 1.]It was set to pave the way for intra-Afghan dialogues—a much needed move toward peace. Afghanistan has been entrenched in a 40-year civil war that has consequently created the conditions for the country to be considered a base for terrorist operations, ravaged by war and conflict for centuries by empires and militia groups in the name of power, religion and ideologies. It has seen foreign invasions, civil wars and has been turned into a theatre of conflict where the power struggle between hostile foreign countries transpired. It became the heart of the Mujahideen, the Taliban and the al-Qaeda’s operational bases and subsequently the United States intervention after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks and has remained engaged in its longest war as part of the ongoing “War on Terror” [2, p. 1]. While the US is pulling troops out and the Afghans are making peace, there is a potential threat, the rise of the Islamic State of Khorasan IS-K in Afghanistan. It is at this point that overall lessons gained from ground and first-hand experience can be applied to addressing the security issues that plague Afghanistan. Overall, there is a strong drive for peace amongst contemporary Afghans. They believe that negotiations and political settlement are in the nation’s best interests.
Determinants of Pre-Radicalization: Religious or Rebel-Without-a-Cause Hypothesis? An Empirical Test Among French Adolescents
Authors: Roché Sebastian , Bilen Omer , Astor Sandrine
Published: February 2021

The study of the profiles of young adults involved in attacks and bombings in 2015 and 2016 in France highlighted a violent rejection of Western lifestyle and national identification. The question arises whether conflicting religious beliefs (religion hypothesis) and delinquent subculture (rebel-without-a-cause hypothesis) characterize a handful of violent attackers only or, rather, reflect social divides in the general youth population. We propose, based on literature, that there are known two features of a pre-radicalization stage: rejection of national community and justification of political violence. We intend to focus on what explains them in France. For that purpose, we use a large representative sample (n = 9.700) of adolescents, and structural equation modeling. Overall, our findings suggest that pre-radicalization reflects larger societal cleavages. Weak identification with the national community in France appears mainly driven by religious identity, and not religious fundamentalism. Justification of violence against outgroups/agents enforcing order is not predicted by religion, neither as belief system nor as identity. The sources of legitimation of violence are mainly found in espousing a delinquent subculture, and repeat exposure to state violence in the form of pretextual police stops.
Conclusion – ISIS at the Crossroads: Regional and Global Implications
Authors: Ozeren Suleyman , Cubukcu Suat
Published: February 2021

As a conclusion of the book, this chapter provides a broad perspective on the reasons behind the rise and fall of ISIS, discusses the potential of ISIS, and provides policy recommendations for a permanent defeat of the threat from ISIS.
gestão de conflitos como finalidade do ensino jurídico
Authors: Holanda Rafaela Mota
Published: February 2021

O advogado trabalha diariamente com situações que envolvem as habilidades em gestão de conflitos. Em qualquer especialidade jurídica serão exigidas dele boa comunicação, inteligência emocional, capacidade de trabalhar em conjunto, criatividade e agilidade na resolução dos conflitos. Essas habilidades exigem estímulos diferenciados durante o processo de ensino-aprendizagem e abrangem uma formação jurídica mais sensível a questões internas e particulares do indivíduo. Desse modo, para que o advogado descubra suas capacidades durante a trajetória acadêmica, é fundamental que ultrapasse o ensino técnico jurídico e alcance demandas humanas e sociais localizadas nas entrelinhas do ensino, preparando-o, assim, para os desafios no exercício da profissão. Essa reflexão espelha a necessidade de alterações no ensino jurídico e demonstra que a sua finalidade deve ser voltada não só para o conhecimento da lei, mas também do indivíduo e dos problemas que estão a sua volta. A metodologia utilizada no presente trabalho é analítica e crítica.
Pertumbuhan Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijsm & Binn.) dari Beberapa Provenans Di KHDTK Samboja, Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Adman Burhanuddin , Ningsih Mira Kumala
Published: February 2021

The high conservation status of ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijsm & Binn.) causes conservation efforts need to be carried out immediately. Balitek KSDA has carried out ulin conservation efforts by building ulin ex-situ conservation plots in the Samboja KHDTK with seeds from the Sungai Wain, Sangatta and Berau. This study was conducted to evaluate the variation of ironwood plant growth from these three provenances in the Samboja KHDTK. The results showed that the average survival rate of ironwood plant was 79.12% and there were no differences in the three provenances. Plants from Sangatta have the best height and diameter growth compared to the Sungai Wain and Berau, which is 83.48 cm and 0.61 cm.
Nondestructive Evaluation of Hot Cell Liner Bricks by Radiometric Testing
Authors: Viswanathan S , Chandrasekaran S , Venkatraman B
Published: February 2021

In nuclear facilities, controlling radiation exposure to operating personnel within limits specified by the regulatory body is mandatory; it is required to maintain the radiation level in occupancy areas “as low as reasonably achievable” (ALARA). Highly radioactive sources, materials, and components are enclosed in concrete cells, known as hot cells. Masterslave manipulators (MSMs) are used for the remote handling of equipment located in the hot cell. The MSM is fitted into the hot cell with liner bricks made of lead. The liner brick assembly is a lead poured structure with a steel lining, which gives an effective longitudinal shielding thickness of 250 mm when fitted into the cell with the MSM. Conventional nondestructive testing (NDT) methods such as radiographic testing (RT) and ultrasonic testing have limitations with respect to thickness and coarse-grained structures. Gamma radiometry, which is based on the principle of differential attenuation of radiation, has been developed and adopted in similar applications (Suresh Kumar et al. 2011). It is a challenge to optimize the gamma source strength required for testing, taking into account the sensitivity of the radiation detector and shielding thickness of the component under testing. This paper focuses on the choice of the radiation source and its strength, the experimental approach, the theoretical modeling undertaken for dose-rate estimation, and the actual measurement of radiation during the radiometric testing of MSM liner bricks.