bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Processes in Data Science Projects
Authors: Kutzias Damian , Dukino Claudia
Published: June 2022

Data science and artificial intelligence have passed the stage of research in the ivory tower over the last years. Applications are not only found in huge enterprises and corporate groups: Many start-up companies were founded, and also small and medium sized enterprises adapt the new technology and take advantage of the capabilities more and more. For many of them, the use of data-based approaches rapidly become a necessity due to the product and service range of the competition or customer expectations. In particular, companies coming from other business sections than information technology face the challenge to implement new and robust data-based solutions. Classical structures and competencies have to be combined with new ones in data science projects, which usually come with high interdisciplinarity. Some aspects of such projects can be done just as in classical projects whereas others have to be slightly adapted and also some completely new arise. Data science process models can assist enterprises by facing these challenges with a structured approach, however most of them focus on the new or technical aspects of such projects or ignore the business context. This paper focuses on the aspect of business processes from data science projects in practice and shows their relevance in several points of time in and around a project’s lifetime. Process-related differences to classical projects are shown and possibilities to take processes into account in an appropriate manner are discussed. Lastly, recommendations are given to cope with processes in the context of data science projects respecting the interplay of processes, humans and technology.
Towards a maturity model to measure data consistency in the manufacturing industry
Authors: Feike Maximilian , Christel Philipp
Published: June 2022

The deployment of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the manufacturing context is said to provide significant benefits to organizations. However, many manufacturers struggle to meet the requirements necessary for the use of AI technologies within their company. A major challenge is linking and processing the existing data into a way in which it can be reliably processed by AI algorithms. This is especially relevant in established companies characterized by a historically grown bulky and decentralized IT infrastructure. Moreover, in many of these companies there is no common understanding of data consistency. Therefore, we investigate the diverse dimensions of data consistency and set the foundation for a maturity model to assess a company division’s status quo. Based on our literature review and four interdisciplinary and iterative workshops conducted with experts from an automotive OEM, we developed the concept of a maturity model for data consistency that provides situation-specific recommendations for further improvement.
Fostering Actor Engagement with Human Centered Service Design (HCSD): Lessons Learned from the Cross Domain Examples of Service Dominant Architecture
Authors: Warg Markus
Published: June 2022

The research question of this work is "how to foster actor engagement with the help of Human Centered Service Design (HCSD)". Based on the foundations of Service-Dominant Logic (Vargo and Lusch 2018), Service Science (Spohrer, Kieliszewski et al. 2019) and Design Science (Papanek and Fuller 1972, Peffers, Tuunanen et al. 2008), in a first step the building blocks of HCSD are elaborated. In a second step the relevance of the building blocks is analyzed in the context of actor engagement. The key findings are used to develop a set of explicitly applicable solution pattern for promoting actor engagement (Peffers, Tuunanen et al. 2008). Finally, the relevance of the developed solution pattern is demonstrated using cross domain examples of Service Dominant Architecture (SDA).
Digital Matching for live-in care
Authors: Allagha Mohammad , Kruschitz Oskar , Voss Katherina , Binder Stefanie , Truckenthanner Kevin
Published: June 2022

In Austria, 25,000 to 30,000 people being cared for by live-in caregivers. Live-in caregivers are defined as workers who are employed to provide care services to elderly and disabled people living in their private households. Activities in home care are predominantly carried out by immigrant women because of the special conditions that home care provides. These conditions can have many positive aspects for both the care workers and the care recipients, if they are well and appropriately matched to the skills of the caregivers and the needs of the persons being cared for. The live-in caregivers in Western countries come mostly from Eastern Europe. On the one hand, because of the worldwide shortage of qualified care workers and, on the other hand, due to the higher wages in contrast to their home countries and the prospects that such a position brings with it.However, they can also bear risks of dependency on their employers, leading to isolation, on-call work, and the risk of exploitation, while putting live-in care workers in a particularly vulnerable position with respect to immigration policy. Working conditions are often extremely harsh, with fees and contracts strictly regulated by recruiting agencies.Live-in care workers are an important but forgotten sector of long-term care. Without improving their working conditions, we will not be able to provide affordable, quality care to citizens, who are very urgently in need of this service. Even though this is often the only affordable solution for affected families. In order to improve the working conditions and to ensure that the caregivers continue to be employed in households that best match their skills and aspirations, we have created a new live-in care matching platform. Before creating the platform, we conducted focus group interviews to find out what is important to the stakeholders.Together with families of people in need of care and care workers, we developed a platform that meets the requirements of both sides and optimally supports both sides in the placement process. Here, both caregivers and persons in need of care (or their families) have the opportunity to disclose what they value, what skills they possess and what special features there are by answering a questionnaire. Using an innovative matching algorithm, the platform selects the ideal combination of caregivers and persons in need of care. In this paper, we will analyze the results of the focus group interviews in more detail, elaborate on the lessons learned and discuss which attributes play a particular role in the matching process based on our algorithm. In the future, the process should be simplified for both parties and will serve as a validation for the stakeholders
Blockchain-powered Digital Ownership from Users’ Perspectives
Authors: Thi Thien Nhi Dam , Glomann Leonhard , Piazza Alexander
Published: June 2022

Digital ownership has gained attraction as a prospective domain for research and development of emerging technologies in recent years. A significant number of solutions, primarily blockchain-powered systems for digital ownership, have been developed and published aiming for widespread usage. However, the approach still appears uncommon to both digital creators and consumers community. While the majority of research in this field has been on technical aspects of implementing such solutions, there is an extreme deficiency regarding users’ viewpoints incorporated into the design and thus enlarging the barriers in mainstream adoption. This study picked the area of digital arts and shifted the focus to users’ perspectives in blockchain-based services for digital ownership in art. By adopting a qualitative approach to learn about digital creators’ behaviors and opinions, the study findings revealed various concerns about contemporary services that hinder creators’ use, their actual needs and expectations in a blockchain-based system for powering digital art products. Based on the study results, three design implications were identified to enhance the level of acceptance from the digital creator group.
Evidence-based decision making using visual analytics for a local food bank
Authors: Jiang Steven , Odubela Kehinde , Davis Lauren
Published: June 2022

Food insecurity is defined as an individual or household’s inability or limited access to safe and nutritious food that every person in the household need for an active, healthy life. In this research, we apply visual analytics, the integration of data analytics and interactive visualization, to provide evidence-based decision-making for a local food bank to better understand the people and communities in its service area and improve the reach and impact of the food bank. We have identified the indicators of the need, rates of usage, and other factors related to the general accessibility of the food bank and its programs. Interactive dashboards were developed to allow decision-makers of the food bank to combine their field knowledge with the computing power to make evidence-based informed decisions in complex hunger relief operations.
Ergonomics Evaluation Methods for Civil Aircraft Cockpit Layout
Authors: Zhu Xinyang , Zhou Yang
Published: June 2022

The design of aircraft cockpits tends to gradually become more and more human-centered, and the role of pilot in the cockpit has also been given more important responsibilities other than just flying the airplane. Therefore, the ergonomic design of the cockpit will largely affect the work efficiency and workload of the pilot, which can in turn affect the safety of the flight. In this paper, the objectives, objects and criteria of ergonomic evaluation of cockpit layout are defined, and the general evaluation process is put forward. In addition, this paper introduces several different ergonomics evaluation methods for civil aircraft cockpit layout, and recommends suitable evaluation methods according to the characteristics of the evaluation objects in different development phases of the cockpit.
Intervention of arch support: A quantitative study
Authors: Ying Kwan Mei , Lun Yick Kit , Yip Joanne , Yung Tse Chi
Published: June 2022

Hallux valgus is a common foot deformity characterized by hypermobility of the first metatarsal ray. The lower longitudinal arch is an intrinsic factor related to the lateral drift of the hallux. This paper conducted a quantitative study on the improvement of the first metatarsal and arch condition by arch support and used finite element analysis to simulate the bone displacement with the intervention of arch support. In this research, a foot arch support made of carbon fiber was developed and seventy-six female subjects were recruited for a two-month wear trial. Footprints of their dominant foot were measured to investigate the effect of the arch support on lifting the arch and correcting the hallux valgus pathology. Different foot parameters including foot length, foot breadth, heel breadth, arch angle, arch breadth, plantar arch index, foot type index, and hallux valgus angle were also compared. By using finite element analysis, the biomechanical effects of the arch support on the foot structure can be visualized. According to the results of the wear trial, the use of the arch support can significantly improve the arch curvature of the foot, while no significant correction of the hallux valgus angle was found. Among the arch parameters, the arch breadth and the foot type index are the key indicators to precisely characterize foot types and arch conditions. When a clear outline of the footprint is not available, arch breadth provides reliable association with the foot type index (R2 = 0.928). An arch breadth ≥ 4 cm is categorized as flatfoot. This article confirms the effectiveness of our arch support in lifting the arch over a two-month period and provides a scientific surrogate index to aid in diagnosis, which is important for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
Smart Detective Gloves (PROSAFE) for Reducing Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Injuries
Authors: Amer Saed , Alsereidi Asmaa , Aldhanhani Marwah
Published: June 2022

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is a common health issue that targets the Median Nerve in the Carpal Tunnel Area, causing severe damage that affects the health of the patient and the overall performance of the originations. In this project, we came up with a new innovative smart detective glove that would be able to reduce the effects of CTS using special types of sensors and other supporting tools. The glove is a customer need-driven product that has some important features including measuring and detecting bending angles of the hand, analyzing the hand postures, and warning the users, in addition to that it has to measure the amount of pressure applied to the Carpal Tunnel Area specifically to the Median Nerve. It is cost-effective, light in weight, environmentally friendly, adjustable, and an easy-to-use device. Our approach for designing the glove was the double diamond theory which consists of four main stages starting with discovering our goals and defining the main components of the design followed up with the development of the design concept and its working principle and delivering ourPROSAFE smart glove at the end. Cost Analysis was used to check the feasibility of the design and how effective it is in terms of cost-saving. This glove will be able to predict, follow up CTS progression, warn the users and suggest the best hand posture for specific repetitive work.
Comparing semiautomatic Rapid Upper Limb Assessments (RULA): Azure Kinect versus RGB-based machine vision algorithm
Authors: Maria Coruzzolo Antonio , Lolli Francesco , Amicosante Nazareno , Kumar Hrishikesh , Thupaki Pramod , Agarwal Saurav
Published: June 2022

Correctly using a rapid upper limb assessment for working postures is crucial to avoid musculoskeletal disorders. Although motion capture technologies and in particular depth cameras are widely used, they cannot be used in large-scale industrial environments due to their high cost and their performance greatly impacted by the surrounding environment. We thus compared the effectiveness of a commercial machine vision algorithm (named ErgoEdge) based on an RGB camera against an application here developed based on the depth camera Microsoft Azure Kinect for the RULA evaluation (AzKRULA). We conducted an experiment where fifteen static postures were evaluated with Microsoft Azure Kinect and ErgoEdge, and the results were also compared with those of an expert in ergonomics. This experiment showed a substantial agreement between the solutions provided by the semi-automatic RULA evaluation and the ergonomic expert and between AzKRULA and ErgoEdge. At the same time, it showed that the RGB camera must be placed on the side of the worker due to the difficulties of the machine vision algorithm in reconstructing from a frontal view, important joint angles in 2D space (e.g., to evaluate the neck and trunk), which can invalidate the RULA evaluation provided by ErgoEdge. Moreover, the RULA evaluation with AzKRULA and ErgoEdge highlighted the need for an in-depth study into the thresholds of the secondary factors (i.e., all the factors for the RULA evaluation that are not computed from the thresholds of joint angles) as the highest differences between the two evaluations and the ergonomist one arises on them.
Effect of Different Intervention Methods on Recovery of Exercise-Induced Muscle Fatigue
Authors: Chen Yiyang , Dong Zhanxun , Xingqiang Zhang
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study is to study the effects and differences of different recovery methods such as passive break (PB), active break (AB), and vibration break (VB) on muscle performance recovery after muscle fatigue. The biceps brachii (BBM), which is prone to fatigue during exercise, was taken as the object to study. 10 healthy males were recruited to conduct the experiment. After the experiment, One-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA was used to compare the difference of muscle performance index (MVC, RMS, MF) between groups (PB, AB, VB) at different time points (pre-fatigue, post-fatigue, and post-recovery). JASA method was also used to analyze the muscle recovery effect. Results show 1-minute AB is more effective for muscle fatigue recovery between exercise sets than 1-minute VB after effects.
Psychological conditions for the development of stress resistance in specialists of different age categories
Authors: Kravchenko Oksana , Mishchenko Marina , Soroka Olena , Teptiuk Yulia , Safin Oleksandr , Andrusyk Olena , Timchenko Oleksandr , Khrystenko Vitalii
Published: June 2022

The article identifies the psychological conditions of development of social workers of different ages. The peculiarities of the development of stress resistance of social workers of different age groups, its structural components have been empirically studied and their relationship with psychological conditions has been established. The effectiveness of the development program of activating the psychological conditions for the development of stress tolerance of social workers of different ages has been experimentally tested.
Understanding the Impact of Induced Stress on Team Coordination Strategy in Multi-user Environments.
Authors: Singh Lokesh , Ramchurn Sarvapali , Malik Obaid , Clark Jediah
Published: June 2022

Managing air traffic control, medical emergencies and multi-robot systems are prime cases where human teams have to work on complex tasks. In such cases, these teams are continuously working under stress induced by instability, complexity and time pressure. The success of such teams is primarily driven by effective team coordination. The objective of this study is to understand the impact of induced stress on human team coordination strategy. In this study, two online tasks were designed to induce stress in participants, one in single-user and the other in multi-user collaborative environments, measuring individual and collaborative teamwork performances respectively. Both experiments were conducted under induced time pressure and auditory distraction. Our analysis showed that team members prefer to switch between different strategies and thus, the coordination shifts from explicit to implicit coordination. However, in the single-user environment, the participant's performance was influenced by their competitor's performance, regardless of the participant's abilities. Future research will determine how these effects interact with physiological signals.
Impact of remote work on ergonomic risk in Peruvian companies during COVID-19
Authors: Atoche Wilmer , Wam Jorge , Murakami Akio , Mesias Percy
Published: June 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced to most organizations to implement remote work as a viable option to continue working. Worldwide this is the normal current situation, and Peru has not been the exception to this issue. However, the lack of adequate readiness to manage this working modality has resulted in the appearance of musculoskeletal discomfort. The prevalence and severity of this health condition increase as more time has passed since the onset of this situation. This readiness includes both, having adequate space and furniture at home, as well as having healthy posture and habits.In this study we will analyze the impact that remote work has had on people's ergonomics and how different factors influence it. We will also present some proposed actions to adapt the remote workplace to reduce the incidence on this health condition, under de understanding that this situation will continue as part of the new normal for most organizations.
The Influence of Lifting Horizontal Distance Measurement Error on NIOSH Lifting Equation Assessment Outcomes
Authors: Hafez Khaled
Published: June 2022

Low back injuries are becoming increasingly costly due to the compensation costs and lost days of work. Most of these injuries are linked to manual material handling (MMH) activities. Several ergonomic assessment methods are available to assess the risk factors and determine the risk level for a given MMH job. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Lifting Equation is the most popular and frequently used ergonomic assessment method to assess MMH jobs. The load weight and horizontal distance are the most significant low back pain risk factors in such jobs. Errors in the measurements of load horizontal distance may influence the risk level obtained from the NIOSH Lifting Equation assessment method depending on the weight of the load being handled. Measurements of the horizontal distance variable measured by novice college students were used to examine NIOSH Lifting Equation sensitivity to the horizontal distance measurement errors with respect to the load weight. The results showed that even though errors in the horizontal distance measurements influenced the resulted lifting index values, that did not influence the resulting NIOSH Lifting Equation risk assessment outcomes for almost all lifting conditions.
Ergonomic parameters considering physical workload for optimization models in manual order picking
Authors: Steinebach Tim , Wakula Jurij , Diefenbach Heiko , Glock Christoph , Grosse Eric
Published: June 2022

Order picking is a crucial contributor to corporate success within the value chain of companies. However, due to the high proportion of manual work, there is a risk of employees developing musculoskeletal disorders. In order to reduce this risk, it is vital to take ergonomics in planning concepts for order picking into account. For this purpose, ergonomic parameters are derived for picking from shelves and pallets in this paper on the basis of the EAWS screening method. The results are supported by data on postures and working conditions from practical surveys in four companies. The ergonomic parameters can subsequently be used in optimization models for order picking.
Changes in Lactate After the Completion of Repetitive Cycle Exercises with and without Compression Arm Sleeves
Authors: Rohrer Amber , Conde Daniel , Montalvo Samuel , Gomez Manuel , Juarez Jennica , Ibarra-Mejia Gabriel
Published: June 2022

Occupational compression sleeves are commonly used to relieve pain in the upper and lower extremities. Anecdotal data agree on the benefits of using compression sleeves while performing physical work. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of wearing compression sleeves on the upper limbs on blood lactate concentration while completing a physically demanding activity. This study included six college-age participants from the University of Texas at El Paso. Anthropometric measurements were taken before the beginning of the study. Afterward, each participant’s basal capillary blood lactate level was established by averaging lactate concentration from three consecutive days. Capillary blood samples were taken from the participant’s earlobe, and lactate concentration (mmol/L) was assessed using the Lactate Plus Lactate Analyzer (Nova Biomedical). After obtaining all the baseline measurements, each participant completed six simulated work sessions, one with sleeves and another without sleeves, at an intensity of 25 Watts, 50 Watts, and 75 Watts a cadence of 60 RPM, and 10 minutes of duration. All participants rested for at least 72 hours between sessions to prevent muscular fatigue effects of lactate concentrations. The use of compression sleeves showed an average reduction of lactate concentration of 0.2 mmol/L. This study shows the potential benefits of wearing compression sleeves while performing activities involving the upper limbs by helping prevent lactate accumulation, a common indicator of muscular effort.
Musculoskeletal Risk Level among Health Professionals of a Health Entity
Authors: Hernández Wilder , Bibiana Avendaño Avendaño Sandra , Gabriel Gutierrez Luis
Published: June 2022

The level of musculoskeletal risk in upper limbs was determined in five areas where health professionals of a health entity in Bogotá-Colombia practice. The essential duties in the Medicine, Bacteriology, Dentistry, Physiotherapy, and Nursing spaces were selected through interviews with employees; the RULA approach was then used to establish the most critical components and the final score. At the level of the neck, shoulders, and wrists, forced postures were the variable that increased the score in areas such as dentistry, Bacteriology, and Physiotherapy. In almost all areas, load handling and movements with high frequency were evidenced. The above findings guide the improvement actions, and the consideration of other factors to be reviewed is recommended.
The impact of double gloves on hands temperature and blood volume changes at low temperature: A Case Study
Authors: Młynarczyk Magdalena , Orysiak Joanna , Irzmańska Emilia , Prus Piotr , Łastowiecka-Moras Elżbieta
Published: June 2022

A young, healthy man wore the selected protective clothing and double gloves, which met the requirements of EN 511 standard. The selected manual tasks (e.g., Valpar Component Work Samples 1 - VCWS 1 Small Tools (Mechanical) (Bases of Virginia, LLC, USA)) were performed in a climatic chamber at low temperature (-1 degrees Celsius; 30.2 degrees Fahrenheit).Before entering and after exiting the chamber, changes in finger temperature and blood volume were determined using an infrared thermographic camera and plethysmograph. A decrease in both finger and hand temperature was observed after exposure to cold. In conclusion, the impact of low environment temperature (1h exposure) on the reduction of finger and hand skin temperature was significant. Even properly selected protective gloves, allowing for simultaneous performance of manual tasks, did not prevent the decline in hand and finger temperature. The low environment temperature (1h exposure) has a negative effect on hand and finger skin temperature, despite the use of appropriately selected protective gloves.
Validation of a Video-based System to Determine Heart Rate for Stress Monitoring
Authors: Ferreira Simão , Rodrigues Matilde , Rocha Nuno
Published: June 2022

Studies estimate that about 50% of all lost workdays are related to occupational stress. Academic researchers have been using heart rate variability (HRV) as an indicator of stress. As a way of providing the needed heart rate data, an unobtrusive approach points to video plethysmography, being a recent method that needs further investigation and validation. Specific barriers such as room lighting conditions and face movement have been identified as the main risks for software progression. The present chapter presents a validation protocol of a video-based system to determine heart rate for stress monitoring, under different illuminance levels and position conditions. We present an in-depth protocol on how to assess the reliability of a video facial recognition software on collecting physiological data (heart rate), and our software results when compared to the gold standard, Electrocardiogram (ECG).
Work-related diseases as a challenge for institutionalized prevention in a changing world of work
Authors: Jelenko Marie , Effenberger Georg
Published: June 2022

The world of work is changing. This change becomes obvious by various developments, such as individualization, flexibilization or dissolution of boundaries, which also shape the discourse about subjectification of work (Beck, 1986, Kleemann et al., 2019, Sennett, 2008). Changing work requirements and demands made by employees are closely entwined with changes in health burdens of working people (Eurofound and EU-OSHA, 2014, Eurofound and ILO, 2017, Kratzer et al., 2011, Mauno et al., 2019, Siegrist, 2019). While the numbers of workplace accidents decline, an increasing emergence of work-related diseases can be observed. Contemporaneously, long-term health maintenance and employability is gaining importance in Europe as access conditions to welfare state benefits is becoming increasingly restricted (Böhle and Lessenich, 2018, Vogel, 2018).The prevention of accidents and diseases at workplace is historically rooted in the welfare state and associated with certain traditions of thought (Dixon, 1999, Esping-Andersen, 1990, Moses, 2019). In Austria, workplace disease prevention is based on regulations of occupational health and safety (OHS) as well as statutory accident insurance (Püringer, 2014). Interpretation and communication of these regulations through legally mandated institutions strongly influence companies‘ OHS prevention measures. However, in the face of tertiarization processes and the subjectification of work and in view of the “4 Fs” of change at work – feminization, flexibilization, fragmentation and financialization – traditional prevention discourses and practices run the risk of excluding growing parts of the working population (Kangas, 2010, Rubery, 2015). This paper takes up the developments described above and carries them forward using the results of Marie Jelenko's dissertation (2021) on current prevention discourses. The focus is on Austria's central state mediating bodies, the Labor Inspectorate and the Workers' Compensation Board. Within the methodological framework of Grounded Theory, Jelenko conducted qualitative interviews, additionally including a large number of relevant documents in her analysis (Bogner et al., 2014, Strauss, 1994, Wolff, 2010). The findings reveal conservative as well as dynamic approaches to work-related disease prevention at the level of intermediary social policy agencies.
Adverse Events in Dental Care: A Review Towards Notification
Authors: Torres Vanessa , Carvalho Filipa
Published: June 2022

The occurrence of adverse events (AE) in healthcare represents a severe problem for the quality of care, due to unsafe or poor quality of healthcare service. Similar to many other healthcare environments, Dentistry entails inherent patient safety risks. Research on patient safety has been developed over the last decades, however, it is important to consider AE to improve patient safety in this care environment, as adequate reporting systems for this area of intervention are not known. Thus, the main aim of this study was to carry out a literature review to investigate AE exclusively related to dental care, and associated with the types of procedures that dentists perform and the tools used. Results will guide future studies, particularly related to their notification, as a way of promoting patient safety. The PubMed, Scopus and SciELO databases were used and the following keywords searched: “patient safety”, “adverse events”, “dental care”, “dental services” and “dentistry”, in English, Spanish and Portuguese. Observational studies, published in the last 10 years, were considered. Review studies, case reports and clinical trials were excluded. 56 articles were identified. The most common AE in dental care settings were: infections, delayed or failed diagnosis, allergies, errors in diagnosis and examination, errors in treatment planning or procedure, and accidental ingestion or inhalation of foreign objects, among others. Improving the knowledge on AE is important to encourage reporting, control and seek for tools that help manage care, and to promote improvements in care and patient safety. To conclude, the identification and recognition of AE, specific to this field of medical practice, is only the first step towards improving patient safety in dental care, through the development of specific notification systems. In future works, we intend to develop and validate an AE notification system adapted to the specificities of the dental field, using the clinical school of Dentistry at the University of Rio Verde as a study site.
Training in Traffic Safety Culture Based on Risk Factor Analysis for Urban Road Accident Prevention: Case Study Rio Verde – Goiás - Brazil
Authors: Romão Magaly , Do Vale Paulo , Rodrigues De Sousa Guilherme , Simoes Anabela
Published: June 2022

This study will address a sample that will cover the entire population of the Rio Verde, Goiás State - Brazil. Such action is important so that in an objective way it is possible to assess advances and weaknesses of the municipality, allowing an important public management tool to be developed, and providing the population with a simple way to follow the development of the place where they chose to live. Under this perspective and aiming at contributing to a technologically and culturally more developed society, a new project has been setup. The project aims at reducing the differences among generations in terms of knowledge, skills, and behaviors, towards a safety culture. Thus, educational sessions covering three main axes (Health, Environment and Safety) will be setup addressing the targeted groups that are segmented by age and educational level. The project starts with the behavior analysis of the selected groups throughout the city, aiming at developing the necessary material to achieve the long-awaited resilience in the future.Keywords: traffic safety, risk factors, safety culture, education, behaviour adaptation.
Perspectives on Human Performance and Safety Management in NTSB Rail and Highway Accident Investigations
Authors: Garcia Anne , Sweeney Meg
Published: June 2022

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigates accidents across transportation modes and maintains a Most Wanted List of transportation safety issues based on these investigations. This paper examines three investigations of rail and highway accidents conducted by the NTSB, highlighting the human performance safety issues of employee fatigue and distracted driving. The probable causes and safety recommendations resulting from these investigations are reviewed.
Expanded Method of Accident Analysis and Prevention – MAPAEX: an incident analysis in a railway company
Authors: Beltran Sandra , Lopes Manoela , Vilela Rodolfo , Querol Marco , Eroico Gabriel , Almeida Ildeberto
Published: June 2022

Introduction. Organizational and systemic analyses of workplace accidents do not include systematic methods of stimulating workers' learning and empowerment. Objective. The purpose of this study is to present an incident analysis in a railway passengers transport system using the Expanded Method of Workplace Accident Analysis and Prevention (MAPAEX). Methodology. MAPAEX is a collaborative tool that looks at the accident as an unexpected result of contradictions among the different elements of an activity system. A contradiction is a historically accumulated structural tension within and between activity systems. Identifying contradictions in the activity development subsidizes the elaboration of hypotheses about their origins. The proposition of solutions implies in modeling the activity system to overcome the identified contradictions and stimulate a movement towards a safer and more efficient production. Results. In this paper, a case study on the application of MAPAEX is presented with emphasis on the phases of analysis and solution modeling, which are centered on historicity, contradictions, and mediations in activity systems. The workers who participated analyzed an incident and understood the causes of the event in a systemic way, with emergence of their protagonism. With MAPAEX as a formative intervention, the researchers stimulated local actors to analyze problems consecutively, looking for innovative solutions through reconceptualization of the object/motive of the work activity. Discussion. This new accident analysis method combines activity ergonomics and activity theory. The multi-voice collaboration and a systemic approach develop expansive learning. Differences between this method and other systemic approaches are highlighted. Conclusions. MAPAEX showed to be a powerful tool for the development of analysis of workplace accidents, contributing with the innovation of concepts and methodological and practical procedures.
Towards an action-oriented safety culture maturity scale
Authors: Kirwan Barry
Published: June 2022

Whilst safety culture is seen by many as an essential ingredient for safety, it is often vaguely described. This can make it harder to lead safety culture in an organization, particularly for those at senior management level, as it is not always clear what to do in concrete terms. Since senior managers are accustomed to benchmarking systems, the approach undertaken in this study was to adapt an existing benchmarking system to safety culture, and to populate it with safety culture activities and actions. This development built on work in the Maritime sector, which focused on safety learning, and resulted in the elaboration of a dozen safety learning approaches. These approaches, together with safety culture elements taken from existing maturity scales in the air traffic management domain, have resulted in a safety culture maturity scale that is more ‘action-oriented’. This paper gives an overview of the journey towards the development of this scale, outlines the twelve safety learning approaches, and then presents the proposed safety culture maturity scale itself.
Exploring the meaning of safety in the context of health care
Authors: Guldenmund Frank , Groeneweg Jop , Grossmann Irene , Roelofsma Peter , Van Dongen Dimmy , Luijcks Nienke
Published: June 2022

In this paper we explore the meaning of safety in health care using the concepts of safety, barrier and risk and the Hazard-Barrier-Target model. Safety at the sharp end of health care very much relies on the decisions and actions of professionals providing care. To create safety at the sharp end we therefore need to focus on safety management processes that deliver measures (barriers) and support conditions in which health care professionals can create and sustain safety while tending to patients.
Assessment of the Effectiveness and Safety of Exoskeletons in Industrial Workplaces
Authors: Pacaiova Hana , Onofrejova Daniela
Published: June 2022

Machinery safety requirements are based on legislation and recommendations of harmonized standards (e.g. Directive 2006/42/EC, ISO 12100). A key aspect is the risk assessment, which considers the impact of hazardous situations and hazardous events on human lives and health. Risk analysis and assessment has traditionally been methodically supported by various tools, as Risk Matrix, Risk Graph, Failure Cause and Effect Analysis (FMEA), etc. A major problem in terms of meeting legal requirements is the assessment of exposure by factors such as noise, vibration and, in particular, the physical strain resulting from handling loads. Modern robotic workplaces are created by connecting several machines. On the positive side, high-risk hazardous situations (zones) are eliminated or minimized for the person working in such workplace. However, human activities are thus limited in particular to handling tasks, product quality control and withdrawal of finished products. Here, such influences arise that can affect human health in the long term, resulting from muscular load, which depends mainly on the design of the workplace, that means taking into account ergonomic principles already within workplace design. Measuring the physical load allows to "set up" the workplace so that the load is both immediate and long-term reduced by a suitable design solution, or by technical devices that reduce this load. Recently, research has focused on personalizing the reduction of musculoskeletal load not only by changing the workplace, but also by developing and testing special devices called exoskeletons. Exoskeleton’s interface is important to improve comfort, performance and of course personal health.
Criteria for Successful Occupational Health and Safety Risk Assessment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rantala Minna , Lindholm Maria , Tappura Sari , Kivistö Rahnasto Jouni
Published: June 2022

The use of the different kind of occupational health and safety risk assessment (OHS risk assessments) methods has become a standard procedure in the workplaces. A vast number of methods exist and some of them are even standardized. As an example, the prevailing practice in Finland has been to utilize the Workplace Risk Assessment Workbook, consisting of the hazard identification checklists and the risk matrix-based decision-making protocol. Even though OHS risk assessments are widely used in the workplaces, not much is known about the factors contributing to the success of the assessments nor are there definite criteria for a successful OHS risk assessment. Furthermore, previous studies show that often companies do nothing to assess the success of the risk assessments. In this study, a systematic literature review was carried out to determine the factors contributing to the success of the OHS risk assessment process. The research covers existing full text and peer-reviewed literature in Scopus and Web of Science databases. Due to the several and devastating accidents in the 1970s, which led to the need for international occupational health and safety standards, the literature review was extended to cover the past 50 years. References were loaded and duplicates were removed. All articles addressing the quality or success of the OHS risk assessment were selected. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) -flowchart was applied to describe the search process and the number of search results. In addition, the 16-item PRISMA for Searching (PRISMA-S) -checklist was applied when documenting and reporting the search. A complete list of the articles and findings will be presented at the conference. Preliminary results suggest that factors affecting the quality (including process factors and methodological factors as well as team and individual factors) of OHS risk assessment appear to be, for example, the design phase, the quality of the background information, the selected method, the identification of hazards, the accuracy of the frequency and consequence analysis, resources, the completeness of documentation and consultation and cooperation with relevant stakeholders. Some publications also adduced the importance of the composition of the OHS risk assessment team. Attention should be paid to the number of participants and how their knowledge and skills affect the results. In the literature, there were also studies from the early 1990s on the quality of risk analysis. (QUASA-method). It was suggested that the requirements for a safety analysis vary case by case and therefore the multiple sets of criteria are needed to cover all situations. The QUASA-method aimed to provide guidance for assessing the quality of the risk assessment process in different situations.
Human-Machine Interaction Safety in Manufacturing: a Scoping Review.
Authors: Lombardi Ilaria , Capece Sonia , Monaco M.G.L , Buono Mario
Published: June 2022

As a consequence of robotics integration in industrial production processes, physical and mental stress levels due to human-machine interaction increased, potentially increasing production errors and worker injuries. A systematic scoping review of the literature published in the last 20 years was carried out via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase to answer this question: 'What is known from the current literature about the effects of human-machine interaction in the workplace?'. The analysis highlighted that the main problems were due to the lack of ergonomy in the work organisation, especially regarding cognitive aspects, and the reduced attention threshold associated with the monotony and repetitiveness of the work tasks. Training and information were the essential aspects in managing the reduction of accidents, also using new technologies such as cross-reality.
Comparative analyses of construction classification systems in a context of benefits, challenges and required resources
Authors: Danusevics Martins , Braslina Liga , Šķiltere Daina , Batraga Anda , Salkovska Jelena , Legzdina Aija , Kalkis Henrijs
Published: June 2022

The research performs a comprehensive analysis of the existing most widely used international and local construction classification system application practices, to identify the main benefits or problematic aspects of their application in the context of BIM. The research estimates the time and cost resources required to classify the standard BIM model in the three selected classification systems - Uniclass 2015, CCI and LBN 501-17, thus identifying the time and costs to be considered when classifying or reclassifying BIM models in different classifica-tion systems. The novelty and added value of the study are the empirical evi-dence obtained for scientists and policymakers on the comparative characteris-tics of classification systems and the time and cost resources required to apply them to national building digitization policies.
Specific Marketing Capabilities for Improved Export Performance in Young Firms
Authors: Puke Ieva , Batraga Anda , Salkovska Jelena , Kalkis Henrijs
Published: June 2022

The key challenge for young firms in export markets is to find the market opportunity and to develop an appropriate value proposition. The aim of this study is to identify the specific marketing capabilities that support the process of internationalization in young firms and to develop the model that links marketing capabilities to the export performance. The research model was tested within young exporting firm sample in Latvia. Quantitative data was analysed using factor analysis and structural equation modelling with PLS-SEM. This study identifies a unique set of marketing capabilities that enhance the export performance. Strategic marketing capabilities that have a positive effect on export performance are 1) customer engagement (the largest effect), 2) partner linking, 3) market sensing, 4) new product development and 5) strategic creativity capabilities. Firms need to develop cultural marketing capabilities - agility, proactivity, adaptiveness and openness to experiments in the export marketing process. This type of behaviour, particularly proactivity and openness to experiments, has a positive effect on export results and enhances the level of strategic marketing capabilities. The research model can be used by export firm managers and owners to improve the export performance and by government export promotion program leaders to develop and substantiate support tools and activities.
The Futuristic Building Industry: Updating Skills-Set Required for Digital Transformation
Authors: Akinshipe Olushola , Aliu John , Aigbavboa Clinton
Published: June 2022

The skills regarding the building profession have undergone various changes during the evolution in the building industry over the past century. Due to the advancements in the building sector, the inherent disciplines have developed a defined set of skills. This study explores the relevant skills in the building industry, comparing the current skills to the evolving skills to ensure the continued relevance of professionals in the futuristic building industry. In order to fulfil the aim of the study, a descriptive methodology was utilised through a quantitative approach. Data for the research was gathered through a survey of building industry firms in South Africa. The findings of this study highlight the current skills and the evolving skills in the building industry. Interlinkages are also explored between the current and evolving skills. It is pertinent to note that the multi-disciplinary nature of the building industry requires professionals to be equipped with valuable skills applicable and relevant in the professional world. In conclusion, It is pertinent to note that current, evolving, and future skills may transform from time to time. This makes it highly important for building professionals to update their skills from time to time in order to remain relevant in the digitally transformed 21st-century futuristic building industry.