bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF SPACING AND DIFFERENT DOSES OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER TO GROWTH AND YIELD OF OKRA PLANT
Authors: Kurnia Pangestuti Ilma
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan 1) Untuk mengetahui interaksi pupuk organik dan jarak tanam terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman okra. 2) Untuk mengetahui dosis pupuk organic yang terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman okra. 3) Untuk mengetahui jarak tanam yang terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman okra. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok yang disusun secara Faktorial (RAK) dengan 2 faktor, faktor pertama yaitu dosis pupuk organic (P) yang terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu 1000 kg ha-1(P1), 2000 kg ha-1 (P2), 3000 kg ha-1 (P3). Faktor kedua yaitu jarak tanam (J) terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu : 50x40 cm (J1), 50x50 cm (J2), 50x60 cm (J3). Variabel yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah daun, jumlah polong total, bobot polong total dan kualitas polong. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA) taraf 5% dan uji lanjut dengan Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : Tidak ada interaksi yang nyata antara dosis pupuk organik dan jarak tanam terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman okra. Perlakuan dosis pupuk organik petroganik 3000 kg ha-1(P3) berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah daun hasil yang terbaik sebesar 6,88 umur 21 HST. Perlakuan jarak tanam 50x40 cm (J1) berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah polong total dan bobot polong total. Tinggi tanaman hasil yang terbaik 60,65 cm dan 55,40 padaiumur 45 dan 56 HST, jumlah polong total sebesar 328,44 dan bobot polong total 3345,56 g pada semua pemanenan. Jarak tanam 50x60 cm (J3) berpengaruh nyata terhadap diameter batang hasil tetinggi 1,58 cm, 1,78 cm, 2,01 cm pada umur 42,49, dan 56 HST.
DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM IN ASSESSMENT OF EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AT MNC GROUP USING SAW (SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING) METHOD USING WHITE BOX TESTING
Authors: Roqim Nur
Published: September 2019

MNC Group as a television media company, performs performance appraisal for each employee as a job evaluation material, which is carried out by the head of the division, one of which is the head of the technical division of 112 other employees. The process of evaluating employee performance at MNC Group is still done manually, which is using Microsoft Excel applications one by one which makes the length of the process. The employee's assessment and appraisal report does not display the ranking from the top to the bottom of all of the employees. Decision support system in evaluating employee performance in MNC Group using the SAW (Simple Additive Weighting) method with this white box test is made to assist the head of the division to expand employee appraisal capabilities. The employee performance appraisal process is carried out in a computerized, structured and systematic manner based on the assessment criteria previously determined by the MNC Group, namely the quantity of work, accuracy & time management, quality of work and efficiency. The SAW (Simple Additive Weighting) method is a weighted addition method by looking for weighted sums of performance ratings on each alternative on all attributes. So that it can be obtained from every employee at MNC Group. Testing of system results that have been made is very necessary to know that the system is running well. Tests carried out are white box testing which is based on checking the details of the design, using the control structure of the program design procedurally to divide the test into several test cases. So that the value of the test results is known, namely 2 with the type of procedure is a simple procedure and the risk level is low risk.
PENGARUH BEBERAPA DOSIS ETILEN PADA PEMBUNGAAN TANAMAN NANAS (Ananas comosus L.) VARIETAS QUEEN
Authors: Puspitorini Palupi , Kurniastuti Tri
Published: September 2019

The study aimed to determine the best dose of ethylene solution in flowering of pineappleplants. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) trial pattern with repeated 4 times.The dose treatment of ethylene concentration, namely: AI = 0.25ml. L A2, A2 = 0.5ml. L A3,A3 = 0.75ml. LÂ¹, A4 = 1 ml. LÂ¹, A5 = 1.25 ml. LÂ¹,A6 = 1.5 ml. LÂ¹, A7 = 1.75 ml. LÂ¹ And 3treatments for each treatment were taken as samples. The results showed that the treatment ofadministration of ethylene 1.5 ml.LÂ¹, is the best treatment for stimulating flowers on pineappleplants.
Характеристика продуктивности и качества урожая столовых сортов Negr
Authors: Polulyakh Alla , Volynkin Vladimir
Published: September 2019

Успехи в создании новых перспективных высококачественных сортов винограда в значительной мере зависят от разнообразия исходного генетического материала, знания его ценных хозяйственных характеристик. В результате анализа показателей продуктивности и качества урожая 47 местных столовых сортов V. v. orientalis Negr. выявлены источники ценных хозяйственных признаков для селекции: Сатени черный, Хусайне люнда, Зени амар, Шами абиад и Риш баба, которые являются источниками раннеспелости, крупноягодности, крупноплодности, высокой продуктивности и качества винограда. Сорта Сатени черный, Кировобадский столовый клон 216, Шами абиад выделены для совершенствования конвейера столовых сортов и рекомендации для включения в Госреестр сортов, допущенных для промышленного возделывания в РФ.

Success in creating new promising high-quality grapevine cultivars largely depends on diversity of the original genetic material, and knowledge of its valuable economic characteristics. Analysis of productivity and harvest quality indicators of 47 local V. v. orientalis Negr. table cultivars revealed sources of valuable economic traits for breeding: ‘Sateni chernyi’, ‘Husayne Lunda’, ‘Zeni Ama’, ‘Shami Abiad’ and ‘Rish Baba’, which are the sources of early ripeness, large yield, large fruit, high productivity and quality of grapes. The cultivars ‘Sateni chernyi’, Kirovobad table clone 216, ‘Shami Abiad’ were selected to improve the conveyor of table grapes, and will be recommended for inclusion into the State Register of varieties approved for industrial cultivation in the Russian Federation.
Особенности красных игристых вин, выработанных из сорта винограда Каберне-Совиньон
Authors: Makarov Alexander , Shmigelskaia Natalia , Lutkov Igor , Vasylyk Aleksandr , Maksimovskaia Viktoria , Yalanetskii Anatolii , Shalimova Tamara , Krechetova Valentina
Published: September 2019

В статье рассмотрены основные и дополнительные показатели игристых вин, полученных из виноматериалов, выработанных по-красному способу из сорта винограда Каберне-Совиньон, произрастающего в разных микрозонах Крыма. Выявлены отличительные показатели игристых вин (величины окислительно-восстановительного потенциала и активной кислотности, массовые концентрации альдегидов и аминного азота, процента мономерных и полимерных форм фенольных веществ от суммы фенольных веществ, интенсивности и оттенка окраски), на основе которых проведена дифференциация указанных образцов на две группы в зависимости от места произрастания винограда: 1 группа - г. Ялта: п. Васильевка, пгт Гурзуф; 2 группа - Бахчисарайский район: с. Вилино, с. Плодовое. Полученные данные возможно использовать как дополнительные показатели при характеристике игристых вин, выработанных из виноматериалов из винограда, произрастающего в разных микрозонах Крыма.

The article discusses core and additional characteristics of sparkling wines obtained from wine materials produced using on-skins fermentation from ‘Cabernet-Sauvignon’ grapes grown in various microzones of Crimea. Distinctive characteristics of sparkling wines have been revealed (redox potential and active acidity values, mass concentration of aldehydes and amine nitrogen, percentage of monomeric and polymer forms of phenolic substances from the sum of phenolic substances, intensity and color tone), based on which the samples were divided into two groups depending on their origin: group 1 - Yalta: Vasilyevka, Gurzuf; 2 group - Bakhchisarai region: Vilino, Plodovoye villages. The obtained data can be used as additional indicators to characterize sparkling wines produced from wine materials made from grapes grown in various microzones of Crimea.
THE EFFECT OF CHEWING GUM ON IMPROVING THE INTESTINE PERISTALTIC AMONG POST CESAREAN SECTIO PATIENTS AT HOSPITAL OF KENDARI CITY
Authors: Herman Andi , Santoso Budi , Yunitasari Esty
Published: September 2019

Cesarean section is a surgical intervention that most significantly affects the central nervous system and slows down bowel movements post section Caesarea. Intestinal function in women undergoing section caesarian surgery is essential, starting early. The study aimed at examining the effect of chewing gum on increasing the intestinal peristalsis in post-cesarean section. This study used a quasi-experimental, pre, and post with a control group was applied in this study. Seventy-two samples were recruited using a non-probability sampling such as consecutive sampling. CG was given to the intervention group 3 times, per 3 hours for 5 minutes with a frequency of chewing 30 times. Data analysis was performed and presented in descriptive statistics, and significant findings were computed using the paired t-test. The results showed that the mean Intestine Peristaltic intervention group increases from 11,47+1,647 to 16,61+2,487 after the intervention. Meanwhile, in the control group, the mean Intestine Peristaltic level slightly increases from 11,31+1,470 to 14,22+1,290. The t-test obtained a p-value of 0.000, indicating that there were significant differences in the increase Intestine Peristaltic between the intervention and the control group. Chewing gum can increase intestinal peristalsis in cesarean section patients. Based on the findings, The nurse profession can use chewing gum to become one of the nursing independent interventions because easy.

Keywords: cesarean section, peristaltic, chewing gum.
MODERN TRANSFORMATION AND PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS OF TAXATION OF THE FINANCIAL RESULTS OF INSURERS IN UKRAINE
Authors: KVASOVSKYI Oleksandr , STETSKO Mykola
Published: September 2019

Introduction. Today the problem of establishing an effective taxation technology of domestic insurers' financial results has not been finally solved. That technology would ensure achieving fiscal objectives of budget revenues improvement and the implementation of the regulatory capacity of the tax regime to enhance the development of the insurance market in Ukraine on the principles of transparency and legitimacy of the business.

Purpose. The purpose of the article is critical analysis of recent transformations in the method of taxation of the financial performance of insurance companies in Ukraine, assessment of their impact on the dynamics of national insurance organizations budget revenues in recent years, a clear identification of legal conflicts and problematic aspects of the insurers' profit and income tax collecting procedures with a view to their elimination.

Results. The article looks into the major differences in innovation and methodological approaches to taxation of the financial performance of domestic insurers before and after January 1, 2015. The work characterizes the dynamics of absolute and relative indicators of income tax on profits from insurance companies to the consolidated budget of Ukraine in 2012-2016 (compared to banks) from a position of impact of changes in tax regime for insurers. The research also revealed a number of legal contradictions and problematic issues in the current procedure for determining taxable profits of insurance organizations in the consideration of tax differences, calculating the income tax of taxable item in the neglecting of the revenues and transmission of insurance payments (contributions, premiums) for reinsurance operations and so on.

Conclusion. A number of recommendations to improve the technology of direct taxation of insurance companies' corporate income tax and indirect taxes on insurance premiums, namely: clear distinction of mentioned fiscal duties; revision of the legal framework regarding the collection of insurers’ income tax (detailed definition of the list of costs for the calculation of financial results of the insurer before tax, establishing a list and approval of scientifically based methods of calculating insurance reserves for the calculation of taxable income, specification of legal provisions regarding taxation of insurance companies that specialize in life insurance, and longterm pension insurance); the introduction of preferential tax treatment of small profit insurance organizations through the establishment of progressive tax rates; gradual reduction of the effective tax rate for insurance companies.
INVESTMENT RISKS OF INSURANCE COMPANIES THROUGH THE PRISM OF DOMESTIC PRACTICE
Authors: PYSMENNA Tetiana
Published: September 2019

Introduction. In modern conditions insurance companies has engaged in investment activity under various risks. Management of insurance company can’t influence the market risks. Insurance company can apply the methods of risk management in investment activity.

Purpose. The purpose of scientific research is to find out the essence and composition of investment risks of insurance company.

Results. The essence of the investment risk of insurance company is found out. The position of investment activity of insurance company along insurance activity under different scientific views is determined. Aggressive, conservative and moderately conservative investment strategies of insurance companies are characterized. The main indicators of investment activity of domestic insurance companies are analyzed. The types of investment risk of insurance company are determined. The main methods of neutralizing the risk of investment activity of insurance company are established.

Conclusion. It is concluded that the essence of the investment risk of insurance company belongs to a number of controversial ones. Established, that insurance and investment activities of insurance company are closely linked. It has been found, that aggressive, conservative and moderately conservative investment strategies of insurance companies are different levels of profitability and risk of funds allocation. Over the last years the investment activity of domestic insurance companies showed almost stable positive results. Summarized, that investment risks, associated with incompetent management, the most threaten to insurance company. Avoidance, limitation and diversification are the main methods of neutralizing the risks in investing activity of insurance companies.
WORLD MARKET OF INSURANCE SERVICES IN THE CONDITIONS OF CHANGE THE PARADIGM OF GLOBAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors: KULYNA Halyna , FARION Yaroslav
Published: September 2019

Introduction. Global changes in society and the rapid development of financial technologies identify major trends in the global insurance market. At the same time there are changes to the functioning of the global insurance market and the organization of insurance companies it according to the new paradigm of the economic community.

Purpose. The aim of the research is to evaluate the trends of the global insurance market, identifying characteristics and problematic aspects of its operation in the changing paradigm of progress, to identify key priorities for further evolution in the regional dimension.

Results. The features and problems outlined aspects of the global insurance market in terms of a paradigm shift. The estimation of trends in its evolution in terms of developed and developing countries. The basic innovations in insurance-related robotics market development and risks of cyber-attacks, information and digitalization society. The basic priorities of the further evolution of the global insurance market in regional terms. The ways of improvement principles Solvensy II, which will improve the efficiency of the European insurance market.

Conclusion. For today for the world market of insurance services characteristic are next tendencies and range of problems of further advancement: acceleration of increase of volume of insurance bonuses, that get insurers from the risk types of insurance, life-insurance and reinsurance; activations of demand are on insurance services in countries that develop, especially in China, to South Korea and others like that; declines of cost of insurance products in the field of commercial insurance and strengthening of insurance interest in cyber-insurance and insurances of robots; consolidations of leading insurers are in a few highly developed countries.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE LIBERALIZATION OF FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE ARRANGEMENTS IN UKRAINE
Authors: KUZNIETSOVA Anzhela , MISIATS Nataliia
Published: September 2019

Introduction. The high openness level of the Ukrainian economy determines the necessity of join to the worldwide financial integration by means of gradual liberalization as a part of the foreign currency exchange arrangements reform.

Purpose. The main aim of the paper is to develop methodological and applied principles for the foreign currency exchange liberalization in Ukraine.

Results. It has been summarized the liberalization advantages and disadvantages, identified current economic items which prevent to achieve the liberalization positive consequences in Ukraine, defined the favorable sequence of the liberalization steps in Ukraine which also contains measures of recognizing foreign currency exchange transactions aimed for capital outflow. For successful liberalization it is necessary to enroot a precondition complex which is consists of economic, monetary, financial and institutional reforms.

Conclusion. Tht main goals of the liberalization in Ukraine are the next: to attract the long-term capital inflows from developed economies, to obtain access to the global financial markets, to take liberalization advantages and to reduce its disadvantages and risks.
Pelatihan Jenis Dan Fungsi Lamun Di Pesisir Dalam Upaya Konservasi Lamun Di Pesisir Kecamatan Bunaken Daratan Kepada Siswa Sekolah Dasar GMIM Molas dan SD GMIM 88 Meras
Authors: Maabuat Pience Vera , Suoth Verna A.
Published: September 2019

Ekosistem lamun merupakan salah satu ekosistem penyangga yang bisa ditemukan di pesisir laut, dapat ditemui seperti padang rumput yang luas di pesisir, terdiri dari beberapa jenis ataupun tunggal yang disebut padang lamun.  Keberadaannya saat ini masih memperihatinkan dengan kurangnya perhatian dalam pelestarian, dikarenakan pengetahuan akan lamun itu sendiri masih sangat minim. Hasil survey sebelumnya telah menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan masyarakat menyangkut lamun masih kurang, baik itu anak-anak maupun sampai orang dewasa, baik itu jenis bahkan fungsi dan manfaatnya. Kegiatan pembangunan cottage, hotel bahkan aktivitas masyarakat lainnya di daerah pesisir tentu saja ikut mengambil bagian dalam mempengaruhi lingkungan pertumbuhan lamun. Untuk itu perlu adanya upaya lewat penyadaran masyarakat melalui pendidikan sejak dini pada anak sekolah dasar dalam melestararikan lamun. Mitra yang dipilih yaitu SD GMIM Molas dan SD GMIM 88 Meras di Kecamatan Bunaken Kota Manado. Sekolah merupakan sarana penting untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang kehidupan yang benar dan sehat untuk menunjang kelangsungan generasi dari waktu ke waktu, seperti halnya pengetahuan akan keanekaragaman hayati laut seperti lamun. Program PKM ini bertujuan untuk 1. Meningkatkan pengetahuan guru dan siswa tentang ekosistem lamun laut (Seagrass) yang penting keberadaannya di pesisir, sebagai salah satu ekosistem penyangga yang sangat penting secara ekologis, 2. Meningkatkan kesadaran untuk melestarikan lingkungan pesisir. Metode untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut yaitu metode workshop dengan teknik ceramah/pelatihan dan pendampingan. Metode ini dilakukan secara langsung dengan tatap muka, melalui beberapa tahapan yaitu : pemberian penjelasan dengan materi ceramah dikemas secara menarik dalam bentuk power point sehingga bisa menarik perhatian peserta dan mendiskusikannya bersama dalam tanya jawab, selain itu diberikan permainan untuk melihat respon penyerapan materi kepada siswa. Guru khususnya dilatih secara bersama untuk bisa memotivasi siswa dan anggota masyarakat tentang pengetahuan yang diberikan. Hasil yang diperoleh, ada respon positif dan peningkatan pengetahuan dengan diskusi interaktif bersama siswa dan guru yang menunjukkan bahwa materi yang diberikan telah diserap dengan baik. Diharapkan kegiatan ini memberikan pengaruh yang positif sehingga kedepannya bisa lebih meningkatkan peran serta dan perhatian dalam konservasi sumberdaya pesisir laut seperti ekosistem lamun.
The effect of rinsing and storage period in low temperature on the quality of scad fish sausage (Decapterus sp.) fortified with Moringa leaves (Moringa olifera)
Authors: Sahnita Dewi , Suwetja I Ketut , Onibala Hens
Published: September 2019

A research on sausage scad fish (Decapterus sp) using 4 treatments with 3 replications with complete randomized design. Washing is done 0 to 3 times and storage for 0 to 9 days. The results of the study addressed the interaction of storage time washing meat and kite fish sausage (Decapterus sp) are fortified with Moringa leaves an effect on levels of protein, fat and water content. Organoleptic quality sausages from the value in 9 days can still be accepted by the panelists. During storage protein value reduction from 0 days (16.38%) decreased (14.40%) on day 9. The water content increased from 0 days up to 61.22% 66.96% on day 9. Fat in fish sausage 0.64% down 0.19% on day 9. Good quality sausage was taken 9 days because of the old fish sausage stored beyond 9 days is not liked by the panelists, because the texture and taste was not good© Penelitian pembuatan sosis ikan layang (Decapterus sp) menggunakan 4 perlakuan dengan 3 kali ulangan dengan metode rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Pencucian dilakukan 0 sampai 3 kali dan penyimpanan selama 0 sampai 9 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa interaksi pencucian daging dan lama penyimpanan sosis ikan layang (Decapterus sp) yang difortifikasi dengan daun kelor berpengaruh terhadap kadar protein, lemak dan kadar air. Mutu sosis dari nilai organoleptik dalam 9 hari masih bisa diterima oleh panelis. Selama penyimpanan nilai protein terjadi penurunan dari 0 hari (16,38%) menurun (14,40%) pada hari ke-9. Kadar air mengalami kenaikan dari 0 hari 61,22 % naik menjadi 66,96% pada hari ke-9. Lemak pada sosis ikan 0,64 % turun 0,19% pada hari ke-9. Sosis yang baik mutunya adalah dibawa 9 hari karena sosis ikan yang lama penyimpanannya melebihi dari 9 hari sudah tidak disukai oleh panelis, karena tekstur dan rasa sudah kurang baik©
Coral reef condition in several dive points around Bunaken Island, North Sulawesi
Authors: Towoliu Robert
Published: September 2019

In order to know the coral reef conditions at several diving points around Bunaken Island, three dive locations (Ron’s point, Lekuan, and Tawara) were chosen as representative locations receiving pressures from snorkeling and SCUBA diving activities, while  core zone was representative of location for  no diving and fishing activities.  Results showed that location with diving activities had live coral cover  ranging from 16.89% to 45.78% at 3 and 10m depths, with condition range of bad to moderate, while the location for no diving and fishing activities (core zone) had live coral cover of 55.03% at 3m and 58.15% at 10m, respectively,  with good condition category.  The present study indicated that the diving activities have affected the coral reef condition, so that a sustainable integrated management system is needed to use the marine ecotourism potency without degrading the coral reef condition in Bunaken Island. Untuk mengetahui kondisi terumbu karang di beberapa lokasi penyelaman di Pulau Bunaken, tiga lokasi penyelaman(Ron’s point, Lekuan, dan Tawara) dipilih mewakili lokasi dengan tekanan aktivitas penyelaman snorkeling maupun SCUBA, sedangkan satu lokasi lainnya yaitu zona inti dipilih mewakili lokasi tanpa aktivitas penyelaman maupun aktivitas penangkapan ikan.  Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa lokasi dengan tekanan aktivitas penyelaman memiliki prosentase tutupan karang batu/hidup berkisar antara 16,89% - 45,78% pada kedalaman 3 dan 10m, dengan kategori kondisi terumbu karang buruk sampai cukup, sedangkan pada lokasi yang tidak memiliki aktivitas penyelaman memiliki prosentase tutupan karang batu/hidup sebesar 53,03% pada 3m dan 58,15% pada 10m dengan kategori kondisi terumbu karang adalah baik.  Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa aktivitas penyelaman snorkeling maupun SCUBA berdampak pada kondisi terumbu karang di Pulau Bunaken, sehingga sangat diperlukan system pengelolaan yang terpadu dan berkesinambungan dalam memanfaatkan secara maksimal potensi ekowisata bahari tanpa merusak ekosistem terumbu karang di Pulau Bunaken.
Acute and chronic effect of cyaniade on survival rate, behavior, and reproduction of Daphnia sp.
Authors: Pattiwael Melky R , Mangindaan Remy E. P , Prabowo Rudi , Rumengan Inneke F. M
Published: September 2019

Cyanide (CN) through leaching process in the gold processing could produce tailings that have negative impacts on the aquatic environment. To determine the acute and chronic effects of cyanide on aquatic organisms, toxicity tests have been conducted in the laboratory using Daphnia sp.This zooplankton organism is recommended by APHA as standard test animals. In this study the test concentrations refer to the Ministerial Decree No. 202 of 2004 and Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001. Cyanide was analyzed as free CN and WADS CN. The result of acute toxicity test using cyanide solution showed that Daphnia could survive a maximum concentration of 0.2 ppm. LC50 values for 24 and 72 hours were 0,59 mg/L and 0,10 mg/l, respectively. The LT50 was found at 42 hours. Daphnia sp. produced different numbers of offspring at different CN concentrations, and changed their reproduction pattern from parthenogenesis to sexual reproduction after exposure to a cyanide concentration of 0.1 ppm for 24 hours©  Sianida (CN) melalui proses leaching dalam proses pengolahan emas menghasilkan limbah yang dapat memberi dampak negatif bagi lingkungan perairan. Untuk mengetahui sampai seberapa jauh CN dapat memberi efek akut dan kronis terhadap biota air, telah dilakukan uji toksisitas di laboratorium dengan menggunakan Daphnia sp. Zooplankton ini direkomendasikan oleh APHA sebagai salah satu hewan uji standar. Dalam penelitian ini konsentrasi uji yang dipakai mengacu pada peraturan yang berlaku, yaitu Keputusan Menteri No. 202, Tahun 2004, dan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 82, Tahun 2001. Analisis sianida yang dihitung adalah nilai free CN dan WADS CN. Hasil penelitian uji toksisitas akut dengan menggunakan larutan sianida didapati Daphnia mampu bertahan hidup sampai pada konsentrasi 0,2 ppm dan nilai LC50 berada pada konsentarsi 0,1 ppm serta LT50 pada jam ke 42. Hasil uji efek kronis, Daphnia sp. menghasilkan jumlah anakan yang berbeda pada konsentrasi CN yang berlainan, dan mengalami perubahan pola reproduksi dari partenogenesis menjadi seksual setelah dipaparkan pada kosentrasi sianida 0,1 ppm selama 24 jam©
Sea slugs - divers' favorites, taxonomists' problems
Authors: Jensen Kathe R
Published: September 2019

Sea slugs, or opisthobranch molluscs, are small, colorful, slow-moving, non-aggressive marine animals. This makes them highly photogenic and therefore favorites among divers. The highest diversity is found in tropical waters of the Indo-West Pacific region. Many illustrated guidebooks have been published, but a large proportion of species remain unidentified and possibly new to science. Lack of funding as well as expertise is characteristic for taxonomic research. Most taxonomists work in western countries whereas most biodiversity occurs in developing countries. Cladistic analysis and molecular studies have caused fundamental changes in opisthobranch classification as well as “instability” of scientific names. Collaboration between local and foreign scientists, amateurs and professionals, divers and academics can help discovering new species, but the success may be hampered by lack of funding as well as rigid regulations on collecting and exporting specimens for taxonomic research. Solutions to overcome these obstacles are presented. Siput laut, atau moluska golongan opistobrancia, adalah hewan laut berukuran kecil, berwarna, bergerak lambat, dan tidak bersifat agresif. Alasan inilah yang membuat hewan ini sangat fotogenik dan menjadi favorit bagi para penyelam. Keanekaragaman tertinggi hewan ini ditemukan di perairan tropis Indo-Pasifik bagian Barat. Banyak buku petunjuk tentang hewan ini telah diterbitkan, tetapi sebagian besar spesimen belum teridentifikasi dan bisa menjadi hal baru bagi ilmu pengetahuan. Kekurangan dana dan keahlian merupakan cirikhas dari penelitian taksonomi. Umumnya para taksonom bekerja di negara-negara Barat sedangkan keanekaragaman tertinggi hewan ini berada di negara-negara berkembang. Analisis cladistik dan kajian molekuler menyebabkan perubahan mendasar dalam klasifikasi opistobrancia, demikian juga sering berubahnya nama ilmiah hewan ini. Kerjasama antara ilmuan lokal dan asing, amatir dan profesional, penyelam dan akademisi dapat membantu dalam menemukan jenis-jenis baru, tetapi keberhasilannya dapat dihambat oleh kurangnya biaya dan peraturan yang kaku dalam mengumpul dan mengirim spesimen untuk penelitian taksonomi. Solusi dalam menyelesaikan masalah tersebut disampaikan dalam tulisan ini.
Effect of NPK ferlilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) on seaweed, Kappaphycus alvarezii, growth and white spot desease prevention
Authors: Ismail Ramli A. , Ngangi Edwin L.A. , Lasut Markus T.
Published: September 2019

Title (Bahasa Indonesia): Pengaruh pupuk NPK [nitrogen, fosfor, kalium] terhadap pertumbuhan dan penanggulangan penyakit ‘white spot’ pada rumput laut Kappaphycus alvarezii This study aimed to analyze the effect of NPK fertilizer absorption on the growth of seaweed, Kappaphycus alvarezii, and the white spot disease prevention. This study could become a source of information for seaweed farmers to increase seaweed production through the use of NPK fertilizers. This study was conducted from January until March, 2014 in the waters of Toropot Village, the District of Bokan Islands, Banggai Laut. To know whether the different doses affect the white spot infection, ANOVA with Tukey's test was used. Results showed that all doses had the same potential to recover from white spot disease and heal faster than the control (no dose). The addition of nutrients N, P, and K at high dose could accelerate the recovery of the algae from white spot desease and increase the growth rate. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penyerapan pupuk NPK terhadap pertumbuhan dan penanggulangan penyakit white spot pada rumput laut Kappaphycus alvarezii. Penelitian ini dapat sebagai sumber informasi bagi pembudidaya rumput laut untuk meningkatkan produksi rumput laut melalui penggunaan pupuk NPK. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai Januari sampai Maret 2014 di perairan Desa Toropot, Kecamatan Bokan Kepulauan, Kabupaten Banggai Laut. Untuk mengetahui apakah perbedaan dosis memberikan pengaruh terhadap serangan white spot, maka dilakukan pengujian ANOVA dengan uji Tukey. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa bahwa semua dosis memiliki potensi yang sama untuk memulihkan penyakit white spot dan lebih cepat penyembuhannya dari kontrol (tanpa dosis). Penambahan nutrien N, P dan K pada dosis tinggi dapat mempercepat pemulihan alga dari penyakit white spot dan dapat meningkatkan laju pertumbuhannya.
Organoleptic quality and TPC of smoked skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis, L) in Jayapura, Papua
Authors: Jeujanan Samuel , Ijong Frans G. , Onibala Hens , Mentang Feny
Published: September 2019

Title (Bahasa Indonesia): Mutu organoleptik dan TPC ikan cakalang [Katsuwonus pelamis, L] asap di Kota Jayapura, Papua. This study was aimed at knowing the smoked skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis, L) marketed in JayapuraMunicipality. Sampling sites were Youtefa market and Hamadi market. The organoleptic paramters observed were appearance,smell, taste, texture, and Total Plate Count (TPC). The TPC analysis used a quantitative dispersion method. Results showed that different smoking duration and temperature, and the use of poor-quality used wood caused differences in organoleptic value. The highest organoleptic value was smell, (6.8) from Youtefa marketand the lowest was appearance (6) from Hamadi market). The TPC analysis revealed that the highest TPC was the samples from Youtefa market in February and March (4.1 x 105 and 3 x 105) followed by those from Hamadi market in February (4.8 x 105). The lowest TPC was recorded in April (3.7 x 103) in samples from Youtefa market and Hamadi market in March and April (4.7 x 104and 7.8 x 104). High contamination occurred at each processing phase to marketing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian mutu ikan cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis, L) asap yang dipasarkan di Kota Jayapura. Lokasi pengambilan sampel adalah Pasar Youtefa dan Pasar Hamadi. Mutu organoleptik yang diamati adalah kenampakan, bau, rasa, tekstur, dan mutu Total Plate Count (TPC). Analisis TPC menggunakan metode sebar yang bersifat kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan lama waktu pengasapan, suhu, dan penggunaan kayu bekas yang kurang baik menyebabkan perbedaan nilai organoleptik. Nilai organoleptik tertinggi adalah bau dengan nilai 6,8 (Pasar Youtefa) dan terendah adalah kenampakan dengan nilai 6 (Pasar Hamadi). Hasil analisis TPC menunjukkan bahwa jumlah nilai TPC tertinggi adalah  sampel dari Pasar Youtefa pada bulan Februari dan Maret, (4,1x105 dan 3x105)  diikuti Pasar Hamadi pada bulan Februari (4,8x105). Kemudian perolehan nilai TPC terendah pada bulan April (3,7x103) di  Pasar Youtefa dan Pasar Hamadi bulan Maret dan April (4,7x104 dan 7,8x104). Tingginya kontaminasi terjadi pada setiap tahapan pengolahan sampai pada pemasaran.
PERAWATAN BAYI BARU LAHIR (BBL) PADA IBU USIA PERKAWINAN KURANG DARI 18 TAHUN (Di Wilayah Puskesmas Tiron Kabupaten Kediri)
Authors: Rahmawati Dian , Meiferina Delialika Ady
Published: September 2019

Bayi baru lahir (BBL) sangat rentan terhadap infeksi yang disebabkan oleh paparan virus dan kuman selama proses persalinan maupun beberapa saat setelah lahir. Perawatan BBL yang tidak tepat dapat menimbulkan masalah kesehatan pada bayi sampai kematian. Kesalahan tersebut dikarenakan kurangnya pengetahuan dan kesiapan ibu dalam perawatan BBL. Usia perkawinan ibu yang terlalu muda (kurang dari 18 tahun) memungkinkan kurangnya pengetahuan dan kesiapan ibu dalam perawatan BBL. Di Jawa Timur (2015), remaja yang menikah di usia dini sebanyak 53 per 1000 pernikahan dan angka rata-rata nasional 48 per 1000 pernikahan. Hasil wawancara terhadap 3 ibu BBL dengan usia kurang dari 18 tahun diketahui bahwa 2 orang (66,67%) belum mengetahui cara merawat bayinya yang benar. Perawatan BBL yang dimaksud antara lain perawatan tali pusat, memandikan bayi, memberi minum, membersihkan telinga, membersihkan alat kelamin, mengganti popok bayi, dan menggunting kuku. Untuk itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana perawatan BBL pada ibu usia perkawinan kurang dari 18 tahun di wilayah Puskesmas Tiron kabupaten Kediri.

Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif  dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu dengan usia perkawinan ≤ 18 tahun yang mempunyai BBL di wilayah puskesmas Tiron kabupaten Kediri. Dengan tehnik total sampling didapatkan sampel sebanyak 30 respoden ibu dengan usia perkawinan ≤ 18 tahun yang mempunyai BBL di wilayah puskesmas Tiron kabupaten Kediri. Pengumpulan data dengan kuesioner, wawancara dan observasi, kemudian dilakukan editing, coding,scoring, dan tabulating, selanjutnya data dianalisis dengan persentase.

Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 5 responden (17%) melakukan perawatan BBL dengan kriteria baik, 19 responden (63%) melakukan perawatan BBL dengan kriteria cukup, dan 6 responden (20%) melakukan perawatan BBL dengan kriteria kurang.di Wilayah Puskesmas Tiron Kecamatan Banyakan Kabupaten Kediri.

Perawatan BBL pada ibu usia perkawinan ≤ 18 Tahun di wilayah Puskesmas Tiron kabupaten Kediri secara keseluruhan menunjukkan sebagian besar cara perawatannya cukup sebanyak 19 responden (63%).
试析公共卫生传染病的控制策略
Authors: 肖 纯
Published: September 2019

随着中国公共事业的快速发展，公共卫生传染病也得到了有效控制。一般公共卫生传染病的诱发因素多，在初期症状上与其他一些疾病相类似，难以辨认。一旦公共卫生传染病广泛传播开来，将会在短时间之内造成大量人群的感染，给公共医疗造成许多困难。传染病的诱发因素较多，目前的医疗水平并未能将所有的传染病诱发因素了解清楚。一些传染病的研究仍在发展之中，论文针对公共卫生传染病案例作出了探讨，提出了几点关于控制公共卫生传染病的策略。
Educación inclusiva: una teoría sin disciplina. legados y recuperación de saberes diaspóricos para una epistemología pluritópica
Authors: Ocampo González Aldo
Published: September 2019

El presente trabajo ofrece un examen analítico-metodológico exhaustivo acerca de las dimensiones de configuración del obstáculo epistemológico de la Educación Inclusiva. Se propone avanzar en la comprensión de un conjunto de elementos post-disciplinarios que explican la ausencia de una teoría clara y oportuna en la materia. Todo ello, demuestra la incapacidad de la investigación de pensar la inclusión desde sistemas de razonamientos alternativos, más amplios y heterológicos, capaces de  responder a la pregunta: ¿en qué medida la Educación Inclusiva es para todo el mundo? La hibridez de su racionalidad débilmente construida, se basa, en cierta medida, en la imposición del paradigma tradicional de Educación Especial y en la recurrencia semántica, ideológica y gramatical de la zona de abyección, espacialidad a través de la cual la multiplicidad de diferencias es abordada desde el esencialismo –conceptual, liberal y estratégico–, implantando procesos con referencia a la ‘inclusión a lo mismo’, es decir, estructuras sociales y educativas gobernadas por los formatos del poder. En un primer momento, se analizan los dispositivos de construcción del conocimiento de la Educación Inclusiva, determinando los ejes de configuración de su objeto de conocimiento y el tipo de ideas que forman en un período particular del pensamiento educativo. En un segundo momento, se presentan los axiomas y principios fundamentales de la epistemología de la Educación Inclusiva, las características de la naturaleza de su conocimiento, avanzado hacia la reconstrucción de los nuevos fundamentos de la inclusión en el siglo XXI. Se concluye identificando que los saberes epistémicos de la Educación Inclusiva viajan y se movilizan diaspóricamente por múltiples campos del conocimiento, tales como: los estudios post-coloniales, el feminismo, el marxismo, etc.
El enfoque por tareas en la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras: reflexiones de su origen y relación con otros enfoques
Authors: Gil Olivera Numas Armando
Published: September 2019

El presente artículo de reflexión tiene como objetivo hacer una revisión breve pero reflexiva, de algunos enfoques y métodos para enseñar el español como ELE. Por esta raón se exponen los rasgos generales de algunos constructos que dieron origen al enfoque por tareas, como por ejemplo el de traducción gramatical tradicional, el estructural que a su vez permitió el desarrollo de métodos como el Audio lingüístico y el situacional, el comunicativo que se basaba en las competencias comunicativas, todo ello desde las perspectivas de autores como Martí, (2017), Ortiz (2014), Cabrera (2014), Richards y Rogers (1998), Larsen y Long (1994); Baralo (1996); Matte(1998), Castañeda (1998), Ambjoern (2009), entre otros. Asimismo, se determinó que el enfoque por tareas recogió muchos de los aportes de sus antecesores y permitió que los docentes adaptasen las estrategias didácticas a las necesidades e intereses de los estudiantes.
PREVALENCE OF CARBAPENEM-RESISTANT ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII (CRAB) IN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL INTENSIVE CARE UNITS (ICUS) OF JPMC, KARACHI
Authors: Arshad Rabia
Published: September 2019

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is one of the research priorities of health organizations due to increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Outbreaks of nosocomial infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii (CRAB) strains are at rise worldwide. Antimicrobial resistance to carbapenems reduces clinical therapeutic choices and frequently led to treatment failure. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii isolated from patients in intensive care units (ICUs).

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical Sciences Institute (BMSI), Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi, from December 2016 to November 2017. Total 63 non-repetitive A. baumannii were collected from the patients’ specimens, admitted to medical and surgical ICUs and wards of JPMC, Karachi. The bacterial isolates were processed according to standard microbiological procedures to observe for carbapenem resistance. SPSS 21 was used for data analysis.

Results: Out of the 63 patients, 40 (63.5%) were male. The age of the patient ranged from 15-85 year, with average of 43 year. 34.9% patients had been hospitalized for 3 days. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was present in highest number with average of 58.7% for morbidity. Number of patients on mechanical ventilation was highest (65.1%). All isolates were susceptible to colistin. The resistance to ampicillin-sulbactam, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, piperacillin- tazobactam and meropenem was 82.5%, 81%, 100%, 87.3%, 82.5% and 82% respectively. Out of 82% CRAB, 77% were obtained from ICUs.

Conclusion: This study has revealed the high rate of carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii isolates in ICUs thus leaving behind limited therapeutic options.
ANTI HYPERGLYCEMIC AND ANTI DYSLIPIDEMIC EFFECTS OF FLAX SEEDS (LINUM USITATISSIMUM) EXTRACT IN DIABETIC RATS MODEL
Authors: Ahmed Qureshi Jabbar
Published: September 2019

Background: Herbal medications, due to their various biologically active components and less toxic profile, have been popular amongst researchers since decades. One good example is Linum usitatissimum (Lu) commonly known as Flaxseeds. The aim of present study was to assess the anti hyperglycemic and anti dyslipidemic activities of ethanolic extract of flax seeds (Linum usitatissimum) in streptozotocin induced diabetic rat model.

Methods: The ethanolic extract of flax seeds (Linum usitatissimum) at a dose of 200 mg/kg and 400mg/kg were given to the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats for the period of 28 days. FBS, insulin, HbA1c, lipid profile and serum amylase were evaluated and were compared with positive and negative controls and standard drugs like Glimepiride 0.1 mg/kg b.w., Metformin 10mg/kg b.w. and Rosuvastatin 10mg/kg/day b.w.

Results: Both doses of flax seeds 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg (Linum usitatissimum) extracts demonstrated significant (p<0.001) decrease in FBS of diabetic rats. Mainly Linum usitatissimum at the dosage of 400 mg/kg b.w. showed good efficacy in declining fasting blood glucose levels which was comparable with standard anti hyperglycemic drugs. Both doses of herbal extracts also showed significant decline in triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL-C), and serum amylase levels with prominent improvement in HDL-C levels in diabetic rats compared to positive controls.

Conclusion: This study reveals that the flax seeds (Lu) at the dose of both 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg have noteworthy potential to reduce hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia associated with diabetes, therefore may be it is useful in the management of Type-2 diabetes mellitus.
SERVICE QUALITY OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE PHYSIOTHERAPY INSTITUTES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN LAHORE
Authors: Abbas Roohi
Published: September 2019

Background: Ever since quality of services is gaining importance in every industry as it is the indicator of consumer/customer satisfaction, it is of utmost importance to measure service quality of educational institutes to determine the satisfaction of students. Thus, the study aimed to determine the important factors in service quality dimensions which contribute to the satisfaction of students.

Methods: This was a Comparative Cross Sectional study in which final year department of physical therapy (DPT) students were included from three private and three public physiotherapy institutes.

Results: The largest mean Positive Gap scores for Public Physiotherapy Institutes was 0.18 for accessibility and affordability 0.18. The largest negative mean gap score for Private Physiotherapy domain was “Accessibility and Affordability” found to be -1.96.

Conclusion: Students were satisfied with service quality of private institutes in all domains except for the “Accessibility and Affordability” whereas, in Public Institutes largest negative quality gaps were found in “Empathy” and “Assurance”.
TUTORIAL SESSION IN COMPARISON TO PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING IN UNDERGRADUATE CANDIDATES OF MEDICAL AND DENTAL COLLEGE
Authors: Perwaiz Khan Samia
Published: September 2019

Background: Tutor has an essential role in conducting tutorial sessions and encouraging effective learning in students. The tutor develops learning objectives, monitors and clarifies the queries of students. Whereas students learn to understand and teach each other by participating and this helps the students better understand the subject and gain deeper knowledge of the various topics of each module in medical curriculum. The advantage of these sessions is to improve students understanding of topic, allowing time for discussion, and making them, self-learners. Problem-based learning (PBL) is a tool in medical education to teach and learn basic and clinical concepts in medicine and become self-learner. Aim of the study was, to evaluate the significance of tutorials as effective learning tool and was compared to problem – based learning for medical and dental undergraduate students, for topic understanding, time required to understand the topic, filling in gaps in knowledge and improvement in examination scores.

Methods: Tutorial sessions and PBL were conducted as small group learning in Department of Pharmacology, Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan. In each class of undergraduate MBBS and BDS, students were distributed into 10-12 students groups. Students, from MBBS III year students and BDS II year, participated in this study and filled in questionnaires at the end of tutorial sessions. Comparison of tutorial and PBL sessions were evaluated by a second questionnaire by MBBS undergraduate students.

Conclusion: The study participants were undergraduate students of MBBS and BDS. They found the tutorial sessions were effective tool. Although in comparison to tutorial, the students found problem-based learning more significant in understanding concepts of medical curriculum.

Keywords: Tutorials; Problem-Based Learning; Knowledge, Small Group Learning; Interactive Session; Self-Learners.
Korelasi Kadar Bilirubin Total Dengan Estimasi Laju Filtrasi Glomerolus Pada Penderita Penyakit Ginjal Kronik
Authors: Hidayah Nuraddiyani , Triwardhani Ria
Published: September 2019

Latar belakang: Penyakit Ginjal Kronik (PGK) merupakan gangguan fungsi renal yang progresif dan ireversibel. Estimasi laju filtrasi glomerolus (eLFG) merupakan indeks untuk menilai fungsi ginjal. Stress oksidatif sebagai salah satu penyebab terjadinya disfungsi renal pada PGK. Bilirubin merupakan antioksidan dan mempunyai kemampuan renoprotektif. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis korelasi kadar bilirubin total serum dengan eLFG pada penderita PGK.Â  Metode: Penelitian belah lintang berdasarkan rekam medik penderita PGK di RSUP Dr. Kariadi pada Agustus 2015 â€“ Juli 2016. Analisis statistik untuk korelasi kadar bilirubin total serum dengan eLFG menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman.Hasil: Lima puluh dua penderita PGK dengan median (min-maks) kadar bilirubin total serum 0,55(0,22-2,10) mg/dl dan eLFG 11,75(3,4-112,60) ml/menit/1,73m2. Uji korelasi Spearman kadar bilirubin total serum dengan eLFG didapatkan r = 0,419; p = 0,002. Â Simpulan: Terdapat korelasi positif sedang yang bermakna antara kadar bilirubin total serum dengan eLFG. Bilirubin mempunyai kemampuan renoprotektif sehingga dengan mengetahui kadar bilirubin total serum dapat membantu mengetahui derajat progresifitas PGK.Â Kata kunci : penyakit ginjal kronik, bilirubin total serum, eLFGÂ