bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“This Place Will Wear You Down”: Examining the Organizational and Contagion Effects of Stress on Correctional Staff Working Overtime in U.S. Prisons
Authors: O’Connell Daniel , Rell Emalie , Chambers Darryl , Visher Christy , Niness Mackenzie , Gavnik Adam , Lamberton Chelsi
Published: October 2024

Prisons are stressful environments for both people living and working in them. Extant literature suggests that correctional staff have increased stress levels that lead to compromised physical health, mental health, social relationships, and increased emotional strain. This article reports on a project utilizing a modified Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach to understand the mechanisms that lead to increased stress levels among correctional officers who reported working overtime. The analysis utilizes organizational justice and social comparison frameworks to explore predictors of individual levels of stress among correctional officers working overtime in a Delaware prison. The findings indicate that individual-level stress spreads through perceptions of coworker’s stress and is inversely related to perceived levels of organizational justice. This analysis is useful to prison administrators, leadership, in suggesting avenues to improve the climate of correctional environments.
Crisis, Confidence, and Conserving Resources: Examining How Adult Education Students Navigate Stressors and Marginalization
Authors: Griffith Frances J. , Simmons Sydney C. , Schrader Shannon , Miller-Roenigk Brittany , Crouch Maria C. , Gordon Derrick M.
Published: October 2024

Social and systemic barriers contribute to students’ attrition from K-12 education and enrollment in adult basic education (ABE) via the reduction of available resources. Informed by Conservation of Resources Theory, the current study assessed the impact of stress-related risk factors, including trauma and COVID-19-related stress, on ABE students’ ( N = 227) vocational confidence. Understanding these factors can inform ABE program development and retention efforts. Survey methods with convenience sampling were used for data collection. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the relationship between trauma exposure and COVID-19-related stress on the outcomes of alcohol use, as a stress response, as well as vocational confidence. On average, past traumatic experiences were more common among ABE students who reported greater social or economic marginalization, especially those identifying as lesbian, gay, or bisexual or with a history of being unhoused. More past traumatic experiences predicted higher COVID-19-related stress and alcohol use. Higher COVID-19-related stress, in turn, predicted lower vocational confidence. ABE students experiencing marginalization face compounded barriers to achieving their educational and vocational goals when they experience trauma exposure and subsequent stressors. Based on findings, we make practice recommendations for ABE centers, including targeted psychoeducational resources to offset social and systemic stressors that may bolster the vocational confidence of enrolled students.
Extreme Heat and Air Quality: Community Leader Perspectives on Information Barriers and Opportunities in Two Environmental Justice Communities
Authors: McIntyre Alina , Heidari Leila , Hagen Michael , Bongiovanni Roseann , Bowman Bianca Navarro , Fabian Patricia , Kinney Patrick , Scammell Madeleine Kangsen
Published: October 2024

Extreme heat and air pollution exposure are leading causes of adverse cardiorespiratory health outcomes. Exposure reduction strategies are often focused at the local level. This study examined critical challenges community leaders face in understanding and sharing environmental exposure and health information. We conducted interviews with 19 community leaders of two urban environmental justice communities in Massachusetts, United States. Using directed content analysis, we examined air quality and heat perceptions, information and data resources, and barriers to understanding and communicating relevant local information. Participants shared concerns about both poor air quality and extreme heat. They also expressed the opinion that exposure risk information about these topics is siloed; heat and air quality data can be hard to access, interpret, and effectively communicate with community members. Solutions recommended by participants included community engagement, open-data portals, and creative science communication. Increasing sustainable collaborations among academic, government, healthcare, and nonprofit sectors is recommended.
Amplified News Framing of Social Disturbance and Its Impact on Authoritarian Attitudes: An Experimental Study of Main Effects and Activation of Predispositions
Authors: Ekström Mats , Shehata Adam
Published: October 2024

The emergence of authoritarian attitudes within contemporary democracy puzzles researchers. Under what circumstances do people develop authoritarian attitudes? Research suggests that circumstances of social disturbance have strong impact. There is evidence that predispositions for authoritarianism are activated under such circumstances. In this research, the role of the news media is generally ignored. This article contributes by presenting a theoretically grounded experimental study addressing hypotheses of news framing effects on authoritarian attitudes. Two panel experiments, on news about disturbance in school and public libraries, provide evidence of main effects of amplified framings of social disturbance, as well as an activation mechanism.
ZFP: A compressed array representation for numerical computations
Authors: Lindstrom Peter , Hittinger Jeffrey , Diffenderfer James , Fox Alyson , Osei-Kuffuor Daniel , Banks Jeffrey
Published: October 2024

HPC trends favor algorithms and implementations that reduce data motion relative to FLOPS. We investigate the use of lossy compressed data arrays in place of traditional IEEE floating point arrays to store the primary data of calculations. Simulation is fundamentally an exercise in controlled approximation, and error introduced by finite-precision arithmetic (or lossy compression) is just one of several sources of error that need to be managed to ensure sufficient accuracy in a computed result. We describe ZFP, a compressed numerical format designed for in-memory storage of multidimensional arrays, and summarize theoretical results that demonstrate that the error of repeated lossy compression can be bounded and controlled. Furthermore, we establish a relationship between grid resolution and compression-induced errors and show that, contrary to conventional floating point, ZFP reduces finite-difference errors with finer grids. We present example calculations that demonstrate data reduction by 4x or more with negligible impact on solution accuracy. Our results further demonstrate several orders-of-magnitude increase in accuracy using ZFP over IEEE floating point and Posits for the same storage budget.
Geographic atrophy progression secondary to age-related macular degeneration: Five years of follow-up
Authors: Sadeghi Elham , Valsecchi Nicola , Vupparaboina Sharat Chandra , Mehrotra Kunaal , Vupparaboina Kiran Kumar , Bollepalli Sandeep Chandra , Sahel Jose-Alain , Eller Andrew W , Chhablani Jay
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To study the progression of geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration over a five-year follow-up.

Methods

Eyes with GA included to assess demographic data, yearly optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings and the GA growth rate on infra-red (IR) images.

Results

A total of 41 eyes of 29 patients were included with a mean age of 81.76 ± 6.37 at baseline, and 65.51% were females. Over five years, there was a significant increase in the mean GA area from 8.44 ± 8.98 mm² to 13.32 ± 10.07 mm² (P < 0.001), with an annual growth rate of 1.14 ± 0.78 mm². The annual growth rates in females were slightly higher compared to males (1.29 ± 0.89 mm2 vs 0.96 ± 0.49 mm2, p = 0.569), and in smokers was slightly higher than non-smokers (1.35 ± 0.85 mm2 vs 0.94 ± 0.66 mm2, p = 0.100). Larger GA areas at the baseline showed higher GA progression in mm2 per year (P = 0.04). Smaller GA areas and fovea-spared GA at the baseline exhibited a larger percentage increase (P < 0.001 and P = 0.015, respectively). There was a lower GA progression rate in eyes with outer retinal tubulations (ORT) (P = 0.027), yet no significant correlation was found between GA progression and other OCT features.

Conclusions

Smaller, fovea-sparing GA eyes experienced a more substantial proportional increase over five years. Also, The presence of ORT was associated with a slower rate of GA progression. Additionally, we observed a trend of faster GA growth in smokers and female genders.
Effect of preoperative heart failure on arteriovenous access patency and prognosis in patients on hemodialysis
Authors: Han Youngjin , Choi Eol
Published: October 2024

Background:

The risk of arteriovenous (AV) access failure is associated with hemodynamic factors, clinical factors, or technical issues. Although several studies have shown the detrimental effects of AV access on heart function, few studies have assessed whether heart function affects AV access patency. We investigated the impact of cardiac function on AV access patency. Additionally, we evaluated the influence of heart failure (HF) on the prognosis of patients on dialysis.

Methods:

Patients who underwent dialysis and had echocardiographic reports between 2011 and 2013 were retrospectively included. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was used to measure cardiac function. Data on demographics, clinical features, and technical factors associated with AV access surgery were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the risk factors for AV access patency loss and the prognosis of patients on dialysis.

Results:

During the study period, 395 patients initiated on dialysis underwent echocardiography. In multivariate analysis, older age (hazard ratio (HR) 1.02 (1–1.03), p = 0.028), smoking (HR 2.05 (1.19–3.53), p = 0.01), lower LVEF (HR 0.98 (0.97–1), p = 0.015), and graft use (HR 2.29 (1.47–3.58), p = 0.001) were significant risk factors for primary patency loss. Regarding secondary patency loss, lower LVEF (HR 0.98 (0.96–1), p = 0.035) was the sole risk factor. In multivariate analysis, risk factors for cardiac events (acute coronary syndrome and aggravation of HF) in patients on dialysis were age (HR 1.06 (1.04–1.09), p = 0.001), diabetes (HR 2.46 (1.31–4.63), p = 0.005), pre-existing coronary artery disease (HR 2.84 (1.57–5.14), p = 0.001), and HF (HR 1.93 (1.05–3.56), p = 0.036).

Conclusion:

Decreased cardiac function adversely affects the primary and secondary patency of AV access, but its impact is limited. Additionally, HF is associated with future cardiac events in dialysis patients. However, HF is not independently associated with patient survival.
The management of high flow arteriovenous fistula and possible solutions
Authors: Cristiano Fabrizio , Lodi Massimo
Published: October 2024

Background:

The development of a high flow rate arteriovenous fistula (AVF) can expose the patient to development of heart failure due to increased cardiac preload and pulmonary hypertension.

Objectives:

AVF flow measurement (Qa) is considered a screening tool for AVF surveillance, aiming to evaluate the access dysfunction and prevent complications, like a non-maturation, suspected stenosis, high-flow AVF, and distal ischemia. In the upper arm AVF, a high Qa may develops, which can expose the patient to the risk of high-output heart failure and ischemia. Although, the exact threshold to define high-flow access is not universally accepted, AVF with a Qa of 1–1.5 L/min or cardio-pulmonary recirculation (Qa/CO) >20% are considered at risk.

Subjects:

In our work we describe the treatment performed in three patients with high flow AVF treated with DRIL technique with interposition of a Prosthetic Patch, revascularization procedures such as distal inflow revision or RUDI and with innovative technique a “tench snout,” removal the previous anastomosis and reconstruction of the integrity of the radial artery at the terminal in pre and post anastomosis. A PTFE prosthetic segment measuring 5 cm in length and 5 mm in diameter was interposed, terminally anastomosed with the efferent cephalic vein and terminally lateral with the radial artery, reducing the anastomosis to approximately 4 mm.

Results:

All treated patients showed a clear improvement in the clinical picture in particularly heart failure. The calculation of the post-intervention flow rate approximately 1500 mL/min.

Conclusion:

The patient on hemodialysis with arteriovenous fistula must be constantly monitored with clinical examination, monitoring during the hemodialysis session and color Doppler ultrasound of the AVF with calculation of the flow rate. The surgical technique used for flow reduction is chosen on the surgical experience of each operator with the main objective of preserving the autologous AVF.
Optimizing venous anastomosis for forearm loop arteriovenous grafts: A comparative analysis of elbow veins and upper arm basilic veins in end-stage kidney disease patients
Authors: Oh Young Ju , Kim Hyo Kee , Park Jee Hyun , Jung Cheol Woong , Jun Heungman
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Optimizing vascular access for hemodialysis in end-stage kidney disease is crucial. While arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are preferred for better patency and fewer complications, many patients require alternatives options like arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) due to anatomical constraints. This study compares outcomes between elbow and upper arm (UA) basilic veins for forearm loop AVGs, highlighting the potential benefits of the UA basilic vein to improve patency and feasibility in patients with poor elbow veins through retrospective analysis.

Methods:

This retrospective study analyzed 59 limbs of patients who underwent forearm loop AVG formation from January 2018 to June 2022. Elbow veins (basilic, median cubital, brachial) and UA basilic veins were evaluated for suitability using duplex ultrasonography. AVG decisions were based on patient age, health, and vein diameter (⩾2.3 mm). Statistical analyses compared baseline characteristics and evaluated primary and secondary patency rates at 12 and 18 months using Pearson’s chi-square, Student’s t-test, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and the Log-rank test.

Results:

Thirty-six patients had elbow anastomosis, while 23 had UA anastomosis for forearm loop AVG. The elbow group had a higher male proportion (72.7% vs 34.7% in UA, p = 0.005) and larger elbow vein diameters (2.52 ± 0.19 mm vs 2.16 ± 0.21 mm in UA, p < 0.001). Primary patency rates at 12 months were 72.7% for elbow and 56.2% for UA; at 18 months, 59.4% and 25.5%, respectively ( p = 0.376). Secondary patency rates at 12 months were 75.7% for elbow and 62.2% for UA; at 18 months, 67.8% and 33.9%, respectively ( p = 0.238).

Conclusion:

The primary and secondary patency rates of forearm loop AVG with UA basilic vein anastomosis were not inferior to those with elbow veins anastomosis. UA basilic vein can be a feasible alternative for creating forearm loop AVG when elbow veins are not suitable.
Insecure attachment styles in adolescents at risk for eating disorders
Authors: Naor-Ziv Revital
Published: October 2024

The present study examines insecure attachment styles in female adolescents, who are at risk for developing eating disorders. A second goal was to investigate whether attachment styles differentiate between high risk for anorexia and high risk for bulimia. A total of 150 adolescents were divided into four risk groups: High risk for anorexia, high risk for bulimia, medium risk and control group. The attachment styles were assessed using the Experience in Close Relationships Scale and the Relationship Questionnaire. Anxiety Attachment, but not Avoidance Attachment, was found to characterize those adolescents who are at risk for ED (AN + BN), and especially for those at high-risk for BN. The present results do not support the notion of an avoidance of emotional intimacy, characterizing the avoidant attachment style of those presenting with AN. Preoccupied Attachment style was found to characterize high-risk for BN, but not high-risk for AN, while the Insecure, Fearful, and Dismissing Attachment types did not differentiate between these two high-risk groups. This study highlights the dominant attachment style in adolescents at high risk for developing ED: The Anxiety Attachment style for AN and BN, and the Preoccupied Attachment style for BN but not for AN.
The Unity Gym Project Podumentary: Joint Enterprise, Anti-Racism and Community Partnership
Authors: Mason Will , Haybe Maleiki , Unity Gym Project
Published: October 2024

This text introduces the Unity Gym Project (UGP) Podumentary (a portmanteau of ‘documentary’ and ‘podcast’). The UGP Podumentary is a youth-led output, generated as part of an ongoing university-community partnership in the North of England. The episode presented here profiles the work of JENGbA (Joint Enterprise Not Guilty by Association), a grassroots campaign established to challenge the legal doctrine of Joint Enterprise. This work is part of an ongoing anti-racist project, which seeks platform ‘counter-stories’ of resistance, vulnerability, and success, associated with community activism. Our accompanying text briefly situates the project, before offering an account of our collaborative process, which repurposed a model of small project supervision, beyond the university. Through this creative output, and our accompanying text, we provide an example of counter-storytelling that extends contemporary discussions of university-community partnership and anti-racist civic action.
The effects of motivational dispositions on oral L2 task emotions and performance: A regulatory focus perspective
Authors: Jiang Chen , Papi Mostafa
Published: October 2024

Despite extensive research in task-based language learning, the role of learners’ motivational dispositions in their task experience and performance has remained underexplored. To help bridge that gap, this study investigated the relationships between second language (L2) learners’ chronic regulatory focus and their oral task emotions and performance. One hundred and thirty-three high school students studying English as a foreign language in China completed a regulatory focus questionnaire, an English proficiency self-rating questionnaire, an oral opinion task, and a post-task questionnaire measuring their task anxiety and enjoyment. Multiple regression results showed that the learners’ chronic promotion focus positively predicted their task enjoyment, which, in turn, predicted their oral task performance. In addition, the participants’ chronic prevention focus did not predict task anxiety but positively and directly predicted their oral task performance. The results of the study highlight the importance of learners’ chronic regulatory focus in their task experience and performance. Theoretical and pedagogical implications are discussed.
The politics of everyday life as a sex worker: “Affect”, stigma and resistance
Authors: Winters Laura , MacDonald Gayle
Published: October 2024

This study involves an analysis and rethinking of sex workers’ perceptions of stigma, using Goffman’s theory of stigma management contrasted with Thirft’s non-representational theory (NRT). We begin with a discussion of sex work experience in a unique locale in Atlantic Canada, an urban area removed from the rest of the country by distance, policing history, religious oversight and custom. We chose examples from sex worker interviews of their ‘felt moments’ of criminalization and stigma which we will be discussing against a backdrop of theory of NRT (Thrift) and stigma management (Goffman) in order to better acknowledge the agency and resistance of sex workers. We propose to demonstrate that sex workers can be considered active agents, fully capable of informing and re-thinking the sociological concepts and theories that have traditionally been used to research them and their lives.
Numerical simulation of bioaerosol deposition and mildew risk under transitional seasonal ventilation in workshop with wet source
Authors: Wang Yifei , Ding Dexin , Yu Chuck Wah
Published: October 2024

In this study, a typical workshop with internal water vapour sources was selected as the research object. A coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics model was established to simulate bio-particle diffusion, dry and wet collision and deposition. The study investigated the indoor humidity field and bioaerosol deposition distribution under different supply air parameters in transitional seasons when using a fresh air ventilation system. Additionally, quantitative analysis was conducted on the Mildew Risk Index (MRI) in the workshop under different airflow patterns and supply rates. The main findings of this study are as follows: 1) Higher indoor humidity led to larger MRI, with Beijing having an MRI of only 0.59% compared to Guangzhou’s 56.4%. Correlation analysis showed that MRI had a positive correlation with Absolute Humidity (AH) of supply air (coefficient = 0.92), while it had a negative correlation with Particle Removal Efficiency (PRE) (coefficient = −1.0). 2). There was a negative correlation between PRE and AH (coefficient = −0.93) which indicated that a higher humidity in the supply air could promote bioaerosol deposition indoors and would increase MRI. 3) The regression equations between MRI and PRE were also established in this study, and a variance analysis was performed on them.
Feasibility and climate adaption of shallow geothermally driven direct ventilation
Authors: Shen Cong , Pan Zhen , Wei Tong , Yu Chuck Wah , Luo Xilian
Published: October 2024

Ground heat exchangers in ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems can provide low-temperature water, which has the potential to be utilized for pre-cooling in building ventilation. In this study, a novel shallow geothermally driven direct ventilation system was established. Experimental measurements were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the system. In addition, a TRNSYS software dynamic numerical model was developed to assess the long-term operational characteristics. The results of the long-term experiments indicated stable shallow soil temperatures, which were significantly lower than the outdoor temperatures in summer. Even when the outdoor temperature rose to 39.0°C, the system could provide an air supply temperature of 19.5°C, maintaining an average indoor temperature of 24.9°C. Numerical simulation results demonstrated that a shallow geothermally driven direct ventilation system could achieve an 88.9% rate of satisfaction for the cooling season. The system performed efficiently in dry and cold regions, such as Xi’an, and in severely cold regions, such as Shenyang. The results showed that two buried pipes exhibited optimal operational efficiencies. Therefore, installing a ventilation cooling system with buried pipes covering an effective cooling area of 18 m2 is recommended. These findings provide valuable reference data for effective promotion of shallow geothermal energy in low-energy buildings.
The development of an augmented reality application for exercise prescription within paediatric oncology: App design and protocol of a pilot study
Authors: Straun Kim , Marriott Hayley , Solera-Sanchez Alba , Windsor Stan , Neu Marie A. , Dreismickenbecker Elias , Faber Joerg , Wright Peter ,   on behalf of the FORTEe consortium
Published: October 2024

Background: Children and young people with cancer face barriers when engaging with exercise, such as treatment-related side effects, psychosocial burdens and lack of individualised provisions. Digital health tools, such as smartphone applications, have emerged as a promising driver to support healthcare provisions in exercise prescription among patients. It is vital to explore how such technologies can be developed more effectively in order to strengthen the evidence supporting their use and for more appropriate implementation within healthcare. This study aims to explore user experiences, preferences and suggested improvements from healthy children and young people aged 9-21 years. Methods: An augmented reality (AR) application was specifically developed for children and young people aged 9-21 years undergoing cancer treatment and a protocol for a pilot study was designed. The target sample of this pilot study is 90 healthy children and young people aged 9-21 years. Practical 30-min workshops will be conducted encouraging participants to engage with the smartphone app. Focus groups will explore participant experiences, preferences, and suggested improvements. Data will be analysed deductively with apriori themes derived from the semi-structured interviews. Discussion: Obtaining user experiences, preferences and suggested improvements is especially important for the development of novel apps, such as those prescribing exercise and using algorithms and augmented reality software. Results from this study will directly influence the development of an augmented reality application, which will also be applied within a long-term trial in paediatric oncology.
Architecture designing of digital twin in a healthcare unit
Authors: Noeikham Piya , Buakum Dollaya , Sirivongpaisal Nikorn
Published: October 2024

Objectives: This study proposes a novel architecture for designing digital twins in healthcare units. Methods: A systematic research methodology was employed to develop architecture design patterns. In particular, a systematic literature review was conducted using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) framework to answer specific research questions and provide guidelines for designing the architecture. Subsequently, a case study was designed and analyzed at a chemotherapy treatment center for outpatients. Results: System architecture knowledge was distilled from this real-world case study, supplemented by existing software and systems design patterns. A novel five-layer architecture for digital twins in healthcare units was proposed with a focus on the security and privacy of patients’ information. Conclusion: The proposed digital twin architecture for healthcare units offers a comprehensive solution that provides modularity, scalability, security, and interoperability. The architecture provides a robust framework for effectively and efficiently managing healthcare environments.
‘It's not, it's not random’: Teaching and learning in infant and toddler settings
Authors: Gaches Sonya
Published: October 2024

‘It's not, it's not random’ is a quote from a kaiako (teacher) of infants and toddlers as she describes her teacher decision-making processes taking into consideration all the various influences and interrelationships within the activity system of her early childhood setting. This article draws from an qualitative study that utilised narrative data and Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) to illuminate and illustrate how two kaiako use their specialised knowledges and specialised practices to respond to the care and learning of very young tamariki (children). The article concludes with a provocation to guide future thinking regarding what has been referred to as misunderstood, undervalued, hidden and taken-for-granted work of these education professionals.
Tribological analysis and machine learning modeling of nickel-coated graphite reinforced A206 metal matrix composites
Authors: Behera Swaroop , Kumar Ajay , Kordijazi Amir , Weiss David , Rohatgi Pradeep K.
Published: October 2024

This paper demonstrates the successful dispersion of up to 8 wt% nickel-coated graphite (NiGr) particles in A206 aluminum alloys using stir mixing followed by casting. The microstructure, as well as selected mechanical and tribological properties, were thoroughly characterized. The nickel coating improves the dispersion of graphite, overcoming the challenges faced with uncoated graphite in aluminum melts and ensuring uniform distribution of NiGr particles. The A206/NiGr composites show potential as replacements for aluminum-tin alloys, particularly in bearing applications. Wear and friction performance were evaluated using a pin-on-disc tribometer with a 440 stainless steel counterface. Both as-cast and worn surfaces were examined via optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Additionally, a supervised machine learning algorithm was developed to model the relationship between NiGr content, heat treatment, load, and wear rate. The results indicate that the coefficient of friction (COF) decreases with NiGr additions up to 4 wt%, demonstrating self-lubricating behaviour. However, the wear rate increased with higher NiGr content due to reduced hardness. The machine learning model effectively predicts wear rates based on NiGr percentage, heat treatment, and load, highlighting NiGr content as the most significant factor influencing wear, followed by load and heat treatment.
Generative AI insights in tourism and hospitality: A comprehensive review and strategic research roadmap
Authors: Fouad Amr Mohamed , Salem Islam Elbayoumi , Fathy Eslam Ahmed
Published: October 2024

This study used bibliometric analysis and a systematic literature review (SLR) to examine how the tourism and hospitality industries use generative artificial intelligence (GAI), identifying developed patterns, theoretical frameworks, strengths and limitations, and future research challenges. We conducted a systematic review using the Scopus database, adhering to PRISMA principles. We analyzed a sample of 25 articles published between 2019 and 2023 through narrative synthesis and bibliometric analysis using the VOSviewer software, a tool for visualizing network analysis. The USA, China, India, and Saudi Arabia are the major countries engaged in GAI research in tourism and hospitality. Significant research topics emphasize decision-making, chatbots, deep learning, and sentiment analysis, mainly through the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R), and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) frameworks. GAI applications demonstrate strength in improving user experience and operational efficiency, though gaps exist in scope, ethics, technology performance, and collaboration between humans and AI. This study, therefore, provides a fundamental foundation for understanding the current status of GAI research in tourism and hospitality by pointing out some trends and areas that require further investigation to ensure the responsible and effective integration of AI within the industry.
A shape grammar-based design for modular buildings based on the Vitruvian triad: The case of Mächtig Kiosk K67
Authors: Jelenić Nikola , Eloy Sara
Published: October 2024

The kiosk K67 is a known example of mass-produced modular architecture designed in the 60s. Although these modules allow many design solutions, the designer Saša Mächtig did not guide the generation of such designs so that the final composition of elements could fit a specific design purpose. This study has two aims. The first is the development of a shape grammar for the kiosk K67, which enables a deep analysis and synthesis of this paradigmatic design. The study’s second aim is to combine the kiosk K67 shape grammar with design principles to guide the generation of design solutions. To do so, the Vitruvian triad dimensions – firmitas, utilitas and venustas – are combined with the developed kiosk K67 shape grammar to generate design solutions based on specific design briefs. The study identifies how each dimension of the triad can impact architecture and then correlates these impacts with the kiosk K67 shape rules. Finally, shape grammar and design alternatives are presented. Each Vitruvian dimension is taken with different priorities in the design alternatives to test the concept. Such an approach enables us not just to analyse the design of Mächtig but also to use the developed shape grammar in a pedagogical way to explore how balancing design principles and constraints impact design outcomes.
Modeling Growth in Reading With Curriculum-Based Measurement Versus Computer-Adaptive Tests
Authors: Van Norman Ethan R. , Forcht Emily R.
Published: October 2024

Curriculum-based measurement of reading (CBM-R) is a common assessment educators use to monitor student growth in broad reading skills and evaluate the effectiveness of instructional programs. Computer-adaptive tests (CATs), such as Star Reading, have been cited as a viable option to formatively assess reading growth. We used Bayesian multivariate-multilevel modeling to compare growth measured via concurrently collected CBM-R and CAT data for 3,192 students across Grades 1 ( n = 298), 2 ( n = 1,149), 3 ( n = 1,062), 4 ( n = 462), and 5 ( n = 221). After standardizing outcomes, the average rate of weekly improvement on each measure was highly similar across grade levels. Between-student variability for growth on each assessment was highly similar across grade levels. The magnitude of residual variance, or error, differed markedly between assessments. In Grades 1 to 3, Star Reading yielded less precise estimates of growth relative to CBM-R, and the opposite results were observed in Grade 5.
The Philadelphia Negro at 125 Years: A Critical Commemoration
Authors: Oeur Freeden Blume , Rucks-Ahidiana Zawadi
Published: October 2024

On the occasion of the book’s quasquicentennial, our special issue brings together four articles that show the continuing relevance of W. E. B. Du Bois’s The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study (1899). The contributors illustrate how a fresh perspective on the theoretical insights that Du Bois began to develop in The Philadelphia Negro deepen understanding of contemporary topics such as gentrification, policing, residential mobility, and the rhythms of daily life in Black neighborhoods. Taken together, these articles adopt four tenets of a Du Boisian Sociology that are grounded in the contributions of The Philadelphia Negro: (a) using history to contextualize the contemporary, (b) studying social phenomena through the subaltern perspective, (c) using a “case of” design, and (d) analyzing the structural context that shapes individual outcomes, with attention to people’s agency. As our special issue demonstrates, while already a classic, The Philadelphia Negro deserves an even wider audience for its lessons on what city blocks can tell us about the character of a city: the residents and their institutions that have come and gone, the shape of changing neighborhoods, and what all that could mean for urban change in the future.
Emotional Blind Spots in Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
Authors: Bujarski Krzysztof
Published: October 2024

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We Make the Spiral in Circle: The Effectiveness of the Spiral Model in Community-Based Learning
Authors: Westoby Peter , Lathouras Athena
Published: October 2024

Written with a reflective posture, guided by concepts from the critical tradition of community development – Participatory Development Practice (PDP), and aligned with Freire’s Popular Education, the article offers insights into research undertaken with Australian community-based practitioners and citizens in neighbourhood centre and Landcare contexts. By engaging in workshops to develop knowledge and skills of mezzo-level circle work of community development, and by employing the Spiral Model of Community Education, the article points to the importance of transformative dialogue and learning. Our findings support the vision of community development groups, when given opportunities to have hegemonic ideas disrupted, can develop structural analyses that lead to collective action.
Health Care Engagement in Disease Prevention and Management: Factors Influencing Chronic Disease Program Referral Adherence Among Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic Men With Chronic Conditions
Authors: Bergeron Caroline D. , Cisneros Franco Cynthia L. , Sherman Ledric D. , Pullyblank Kristin , Brunner Wendy , Brandford Arica A. , Kew Chung Lin , Smith Matthew Lee
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to identify factors associated with being referred to an evidence-based disease prevention and management program by a health care provider and adherence to such referrals by non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic men. Utilizing a cross-sectional design, data were collected via an internet-based questionnaire from a national sample of 1,679 non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic men ages 40 years and older with one or more chronic diseases. A 105-item survey assessed program referral and attendance, chronic conditions and medications, disease symptoms, support, communication during physician visit, health care frustrations, disease self-management efficacy, barriers to self-care, helpfulness of learning from others for self-care, and sociodemographics. Binary logistic regression models were fitted to assess factors associated with referrals to a disease prevention and management program and attendance. Results indicated that approximately 23% of participants were referred to a program, and 19.2% reported attendance. Factors associated with being referred to and attending a program included being younger, having more chronic conditions, taking more medications daily, having higher pain scores, reporting more health care frustrations, and reporting better communication with physicians during visits. Men referred to attend a chronic disease program by a health care provider were 16.86 times more likely to attend a chronic disease program ( p < .001). These findings suggest the importance of health care engagement for non-clinical disease prevention and management programs, particularly among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic men with complex disease profiles.
Addressing Shame Through Self Compassion
Authors: Cepni Aliye B. , Ma Hayle Y. , Irshad Ammar M. , Yoe Grace K. , Johnston Craig A.
Published: October 2024

Shame is a common experience for individuals living with chronic diseases related to lifestyle, such as obesity and diabetes. It is often characterized by feelings of stigma and worthlessness, leading many patients to feel judged and unworthy of respect, which can profoundly affect health outcomes and overall quality of life. Despite the severe consequences of shame, therapeutic approaches to address it remain underexplored. This paper highlights the role of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Compassion Focused Therapy as effective strategies to mitigate shame, cultivate self-compassion, and, therefore, enhance health outcomes for individuals with chronic lifestyle-related conditions. These therapies have demonstrated positive effects on treatment adherence and self-management among patients with chronic diseases. Therefore, healthcare providers can improve patients’ overall well-being by adopting strategies from these therapies, such as using compassionate language that emphasizes empathy, non-judgmental support, and validation, all of which help reduce shame and stigma.
Grandmother genealogies: Feminist/ised, indigenist decolonising pedagogies against and beyond the university
Authors: Motta Sara C. , Marzinotto Donna , Hutchinson Nicola , Rodham Jessica , Sullivan Isobelle
Published: October 2024

As a collective of inter-cultural women moving in but not of, and against and beyond the modern/colonial (neoliberalised) university we (t)race generative pedagogical experiences of worldmaking cosmopolitics and their (im)possibilities within the University and Politics Disciplinarity. We do this not to redeem or reimagine but to contribute to an enfleshed feminised and racialised undercommons for whom indigenist-decolonial feminist pedagogical-political praxis can never be nor desire to be obedient to the constraints, containments and violences of the settler colonial and its epistemological-pedagogical genocidal project of the Lettered City of anti-Blackness and Indigenous disavowal. We refuse inclusion within, representation as legibility, and the making of community of and as the University. We instead foreground abolitionist categories such as enfleshment, dignity, mutual recognition as exteriority, differential responsible relationship-making, multiple temporalities and the epistemological as ontological, and we centre the knowledges of Indigenist feminised subjects from the exteriority of modernity-coloniality. We are thus selective and explicit about who we choose to walk with, who we make relationship with, and to whom we are responsible and honour. We both guard our right to opacity as well as leave threads of pedagogical meaning-making as invitation to unlearning and relearning new-ancient onto-epistemologies and cosmovisions that move us towards plural pedagogical worlds beyond heteropatriarchal capitalist-coloniality.
The impact of different lifestyle factors on disability in multiple sclerosis at older ages: a monocentric retrospective study
Authors: Wecker Sophie , Freudenstein David , Ganser Iris , Angstwurm Klemens , Lee De-Hyung , Linker Ralf A.
Published: October 2024

Background:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system affecting approximately 2.8 million people worldwide. In addition to genetic and environmental factors, various lifestyle factors contribute to disease development and progression.

Objectives:

We performed a monocentric retrospective study and investigated the effect of lifestyle factors such as obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and dietary habits on the degree of disability in a cohort of people with MS (pwMS) with an average onset of disease after the age of 55.

Design:

This late-onset MS (LOMS) study group ( n = 47) was characterized by a mean age of 60.9 years and a mean duration of disease of 5.0 years. The LOMS study group was compared with two control groups. The study participants in the “old control group” (Cold) were on average as old and in the “young control group” (Cyoung) as long suffering from MS as the pwMS in the LOMS group.

Methods:

Data from medical documentation and a questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive frequency analyses and testing for correlation between different variables also by generalized estimating equations. The Expanded Disabilty Status Scale (EDSS) score and the progression index were used as a measure of disability.

Results:

We found a significant association between smoking history and the current EDSS score in the Cyoung group, but not in the two older study groups. For physical activity, there was a significant negative correlation with EDSS score in the study group and the Cold group, alcoholic beverage consumption correlated with decreased EDSS in the Cold group. The intake of meat negatively correlated with the progression index in the LOMS group.

Conclusion:

In summary, different life-style factors correlated with disability depending on patient age and disease duration. These life-style factors may be considered in the future counseling of pwMS at older ages.
Influence of social media on consumer buying behaviour towards cosmetic products
Authors: Naik Sandesh J , Prabhu Parrikar Jaya G , Tulaskar Namdev E
Published: October 2024

Social media brought sensational changes in the marketing field. It has opened the new window for the marketing firms to advertise the products across the globe within fraction of second. It gives opportunities to sellers and marketing agencies to post product related information on digital forums which can be viewed and shared by millions of users. The social media account holders who are actively engaged on social media take the opportunities of the post to evaluate the buying decision. Further if they like the product, they post reviews on social media to recommend others. Indirectly the product related post reaches millions of customers through multiple social media accounts. The process of posting or reposting product information on social media is known as viral marketing. The social media post related to product information gives opportunities to social media users to make effective purchase decisions based on the quality and reliability of the information. In the present scenario social media influences buying behaviour. The companies dealing with young target customers have shown their presence on social media to engage with the target segment. The companies also take help of social media influencers to attract the customers. The present research paper tried to study the influence of viral marketing on buying behavior of customers towards cosmetic products. A well-structured set of questions was developed to collect the primary data.
A matter of perspective: Technology contributions are assessed differently from manager and consumer perspectives
Authors: Yamim Amanda P , Mai Robert , Joerling Moritz
Published: October 2024

While the value of adopting technology (vs human) to develop products and provide services has been extensively explored from the consumer’s standpoint, do managers fully comprehend how valuable technology is to consumers? This research reveals notable disparities between managers’ and consumers’ perceptions about the value of technology adoption. Seven studies ( N = 1,320) in different contexts show that people with a manager perspective perceive technology as a more valuable resource than those with a consumer perspective (studies 1A–D). These differences arise because managers place a higher value on the efficiency-related benefits of technology than consumers (study 2). To reduce the manager-consumer gap, highlighting technology-driven efficiency benefits for consumers can increase their technology valuation to the manager’s level (study 3). However, informing managers about consumers’ objections to technology failed to correct their overly optimistic assessments of technology contribution (study 4). Our findings attest to the importance of acknowledging the manager-customer gap when it comes to technological adoption.
Characteristics, utilization of reproductive health services and AI prediction among Taiwanese adolescent mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chen Ching Hsuan , Hsiao Ching Hua , Liao Pei Hung , Hu Hsiang Wei , Wei Shiow-Jing , Chen Shu Wen
Published: October 2024

Background

Although adolescent birth rates have declined globally, the sexual and reproductive health of adolescent mothers remains an area of specific concern, and these were impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigates characteristics, utilization of reproductive health services (RHS) and artificial intelligence (AI) prediction during the pandemic.

Methods

We conducted an exploratory study using data for 2020–2022 from the Taipei City Government Health Bureau. Adolescent mothers under the age of 20 received post-birth telephone-based RHS, covering contraception, abortion, postpartum care, and social welfare support. The data analysis included descriptive statistics, and various machine learning techniques were employed, including random forest, SVM, KNN, logistic regression, and Bayesian network analysis.

Results

Of 112 participants, most were aged 17 to 19 (80.4%) and married (58.0%). The majority had full-term deliveries (86.6%) with healthy infants. A high percentage had not used contraception before conception (60.7%), and some had had earlier abortion or termination experiences (13.4%). In the examination of eight influential factors, the machine learning models, specifically the random forest and Bayesian network analyses, exhibited the highest accuracy, achieving 90.91% and 89%, respectively, in predicting service acceptance. The key determinants identified were abortion experience and marital status, directly influencing the acceptance of services.

Conclusion

The COVID-19 pandemic reduced hospital visits for adolescent mothers, but the RHS provided timely guidance. Telemedicine consultations and internet-based psychological consultations may play a crucial role in facilitating such services in the future.