bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) Berbasis Komik pada Pelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan (PKn) Kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Jayapura
Authors: Yurenius B. Makayan
Published: February 2025

The main objective of the research is to design an effective LKPD through comics in Civic Education (PKn) lessons in class X SMA Negeri 1 Jayapura. R&D is the method used with the ADDIE model. The results obtained showed that the application of comic-based LKPD was able to increase students' motivation and understanding of Civics Education material. Hopefully, this research can contribute to the development of innovative and interesting learning media for students.
Analisis Kejiwaan Tokoh Utama dalam Novel Haru No Sora Karya Laili Muttamimah dengan Pendekatan Psikologi Sastra sebagai Upaya Pembentukan Karakter Peserta Didik
Authors: Safa Tarisma A’idah  , Eka Nova Ali Vardani  , Dzarna Dzarna
Published: February 2025

Mental disorder is a way of thinking, a meaningful syndrome associated with suffering. The purpose of this study was to describe (1) stress mental disorders (2) anxiety mental disorders (3) mood disorders experienced by the main character in the novel Haru no Sora by Laili Muttamimah with the psychological approach of Sigmund Freud. The type of research used is qualitative with descriptive methods and the data source in this study is the novel Haru No Sora by Laili Muttamimah. The research instrument is the researcher himself who is the main instrument and data collection table. The data analysis technique used was grouping the data, coding the data, then interpreting the data. The results of the data analysis show that there are mental disorders in the novel Haru No Sora by Laili Muttamimah including stress mental disorders contained in the novel Haru no Sora by Laili Muttamimah, namely PTSD/Post-trauma like the death of Mrs. Sora. The anxiety disorders in the novel are generalized anxiety disorders such as excessive worry and tension when meeting Ogawa-san. The mood disorder in the novel is major depression. Sora has a depressed mood, sobs in public places, has trouble concentrating, loses strength, and even plans suicide. Existing mental disorders can be used to shape the character of students in controlling emotions and provide education about mental disorders in adolescents so that they are more familiar with emotions and help those closest to them with mental disorders.
Alih Kode dan Campur Kode pada Film Yowes Band 3 Karya Bayu Skak dan Fajar Nugros
Authors: Sintia Haryani  , Syarif Hidayatullah
Published: February 2025

Events of changing and merging languages often occur in films. Therefore, the researcher aims to find out the code switching and code mixing contained in the film Yowes Band 3 by Bayu Skak and Fajar Nugros. This research applies descriptive qualitative methods through the validity checking technique by listening and writing. The results of the study stated that there were 71 code switching and code mixing which were described as follows: 1) 15 Inward code switching, 2) 2 External code switching, 3) 27 Internal code mixing, 4) 27 External code mixing. The reason for deciding the object of code-switching and code-mixing is because it has a variety of languages in the Yowes Band 3 film to be the development of language knowledge for further research.
Pengaruh Media Magnetic Board Math terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas 1 SDN I Dukuhagung Tikung Lamongan
Authors: Iin Rosyidatur Rohmah  , Sunanto Sunanto  , Nafiah Nafiah  , Afib Rulyansah
Published: February 2025

In learning mathematics there are still many students who think that mathematics is a difficult subject, on average the teacher only uses a lecture strategy which results in students getting bored in the process of learning children's understanding. This study aims to determine the effect of Magnetic Board Math Media before, after and its effect on student learning outcomes in grade 1 SDN I Dukuhagung Tikung Lamongan. This research uses a quantitative approach with a Pre-Experimental design. By using the One Group Pretest-Posttest design. The results of this study indicate that there is an effect of differences in student learning outcomes before and after the Magnetic Board Math Media is applied with an increase in the average Pretest score of 45.01 and for the Posttest it increases with an average of 86.82. So that there is an effect of applying Magnetic Board Math Media to increasing learning outcomes, it is said to be an increasing category. In general, research shows that there is an effect of differences in student learning outcomes before and after applying Magnetic Board Math Media with a Pretest Percentage of 9% and for Posttest it increases with a percentage of 91 %. So that there is an influence of the application of Magnetic Board Math Media on increasing student learning outcomes.
Analisis Kesulitan Membaca pada Siswa Kelas III Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Lintang Dwi Ajrianingrum  , Badarudin Badarudin
Published: February 2025

This research was made with the aim of knowing the reading difficulties faced by students from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019. This research uses a type of qualitative research with a case study method. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews and documentation. The research subjects were 6 students in class III of SD Negeri Kembaran in 2023. The results of this study are reading difficulties experienced by students such as not recognising some consonant and vowel letters, difficulty distinguishing letters that have the same shape, reading is still spelled out, stammering, slow reading, difficulty in stringing words, omission and change of letters, reading does not pay attention to punctuation and does not understand the content of the reading text. Factors causing reading difficulties such as intellectual factors or students' ability to read, environmental factors such as students' background and experience and socio-economic factors. As well as psychological factors in the form of student motivation, interest, emotions and student confidence. Teachers' efforts to overcome reading difficulties experienced by students by using the repetition method with visual media such as reading books and reading cards.
DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRONIC MODULE FOR RESEARCH DESIGN IN S1 BUILDING ENGINEERING EDUCATION FT UNJ
Authors: Murtinugraha Eka , Hirzy Firros , Arthur Riyan , Irin Imbatami Ridia , Musqyla Mafie
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this research is to develop teaching material regarding research design in the Electronic Module-based Research Methodology course which consists of problems, theoretical basis, hypothesis submission, research methods and to find out the value of the effectiveness of electronic module teaching materials through limited distribution. This study uses a research and development research method (R&D) with the Thiagarajan 4D model. The results of the validation by material experts were 0,94 in the very high category, while the results of the validation by the media experts were 0,89 in the very high category. The limited trial results showed an increase in the average value of the pre test by 62,45 and post test by 78,53. Therefore, it can be concluded that the electronic module teaching materials for this electronic module can increase understanding in terms of material and are declared fit for use in learning.
Antifungal effect against wilting disease factor Verticillium dahliae Kleb. by green synthesized silver nanoparticles
Authors: Cokislerel Alp , Ayisigi Melisa , Kucukcobanoglu Yigit , Gunturkun Pervin , Aktas Lale Yildiz
Published: February 2025

Aim: This study aimed to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate the antifungal efficacy of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against Verticillium dahliae Kleb., a soil-borne fungal pathogen that affects numerous crops. Methods: AgNPs were synthesized using Laurus nobilis L. (laurel) leaf extract. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV-VIS spectroscopy, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential, particle size analysis (PSA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In vitro antifungal assays were conducted to assess the impact of AgNPs on V. dahliae mycelial growth, and SEM was used to examine the morphological changes in treated mycelium. Results: UV-VIS spectroscopy confirmed AgNP synthesis with a characteristic SPR peak between 400–450 nm. FTIR analysis identified the presence of phenolic compounds on the nanoparticle surface. Zeta potential analysis (–27.7 mV) indicated stable dispersion. Zeta size analysis indicated an average diameter of approximately 100 nm and a polydispersity index (PdI) of 0.229. SEM imaging confirmed a predominantly spherical morphology and PSA revealed a size range of 14–34 nm, with an average diameter of 24 nm. In vitro antifungal assays showed significant inhibition of V. dahliae mycelial growth, with radial mycelial growth reduced to 2.75 cm compared to 4.8–6.4 cm in the control group after 14 days. SEM imaging of treated mycelium revealed pronounced morphological damage, including collapse and shrinkage of hyphae and spores. Conclusions: Green-synthesized AgNPs using L. nobilis leaf extract demonstrated significant antifungal activity against V. dahliae. The observed inhibition of mycelial growth and morphological damage suggests the potential of these AgNPs as a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative for managing this fungal pathogen. The antifungal mechanism may involve membrane disruption, increased permeability, oxidative stress, and the inactivation of cellular components.
The benefits of a team-based care approach to improve drug adherence in hypertension
Authors: Burnier Michel
Published: February 2025

Team-based care is a patient management strategy involving a team of at least two healthcare professionals working collaboratively toward a shared clinical goal. This approach is now increasingly recommended by international hypertension guidelines mainly to improve medication adherence and hence, blood pressure control. The goal of this paper was to review the most recent evidence on the benefits of a team-based care approach in the management of hypertension. The results show that in recent years, numerous controlled clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of this strategy to lower blood pressure, achieve blood pressure targets more rapidly, and obtain more hypertensive patients under control. These improvements are due essentially to two factors: improved drug adherence/persistence and a reduction of therapeutic inertia. Best results are obtained when physicians collaborate with pharmacists and/or nurses, but other healthcare professionals may be involved successfully as well. Recent data have also demonstrated that the team-based care approach is cost-effective. These observations should be a strong incentive for hypertension centers to engage in the development of a team-based care strategy.
Releasing the brakes: the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in laryngeal cancer
Authors: Athanasopoulos Michail , Samara Pinelopi , Agrogiannis Georgios , Athanasopoulos Ioannis , Kavantzas Nikolaos , Kyrodimos Efthymios , Mastronikolis Nicholas S.
Published: February 2025

Laryngeal cancer, a subtype of head and neck cancer, poses significant challenges due to its profound impact on essential functions such as speech and swallowing and poor survival rates in advanced stages. Traditional treatments—surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy—are often associated with high morbidity and substantial recurrence rates, emphasizing the urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized oncology by countering tumor-induced immune evasion, restoring immune surveillance, and activating T-cell responses against cancer. This review examines the role of ICIs in laryngeal cancer management, with a focus on pembrolizumab and nivolumab (anti-PD-1 agents), which are clinically established, as well as investigational therapies such as dostarlimab (anti-PD-1), atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1), and ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4). Pembrolizumab, in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy and 5-fluorouracil, is approved as a first-line treatment for recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), based on evidence from the Keynote-048 trial. This pivotal trial demonstrated significant overall survival (OS) benefits over the cetuximab-based standard regimen. Similarly, nivolumab showed improved OS in the CheckMate-141 trial, supporting its approval as a second-line therapy for patients with platinum-refractory disease. ICIs have shown durable survival benefits and a more manageable toxicity profile compared to traditional chemotherapy. Immune-related adverse events are generally mild and controllable; however, in some cases, they can become severe and even life-threatening. Furthermore, ICIs are being investigated in combination with radiotherapy, as well as in neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings, where preliminary findings suggest these approaches may enhance efficacy, preserve organ function, and overcome resistance to conventional treatments. The integration of ICIs into multimodal treatment strategies holds promise for transforming the therapeutic landscape of advanced laryngeal cancer. This review synthesizes current evidence, highlights ongoing research, and explores strategies to enhance survival and quality of life for patients facing this challenging malignancy.
Analisis Faktor Pengembangan Literasi Digital pada Anak Usia Dini Pada Kelompok Belajar Di Indonesia
Authors: Lestari Sri , Soviyanah Soviyanah , Ismayanti Ismayanti , Purwanti Friska
Published: February 2025

Disrupsi digital telah meningkatkan intensitas interaksi manusia dengan media digital, baik membawa manfaat maupun risiko yang memengaruhi kesehatan fisik dan psikologi. Literasi digital menjadi kemampuan penting untuk memanfaatkan media digital secara bijak, terutama bagi anak usia dini yang memiliki keterbatasan pemahaman sesuai tahap perkembangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi pengembangan literasi digital anak usia dini, dengan fokus pada Kelompok Belajar (KB). Metode yang digunakan adalah systematic literature review dengan wawancara mendalam kepada 3 orang tua dan 1 guru pada 25 Oktober 2024. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor utama meliputi kemampuan literasi digital pendamping, pola pendampingan, ketersediaan perangkat pendukung, dan metode penyampaian. Temuan ini memberikan wawasan praktis bagi orang tua dan pendidik untuk mengoptimalkan literasi digital anak usia dini melalui pendekatan yang sesuai dengan perkembangan anak.
Runchangningshen paste activates NLRP6 inflammasome-mediated autophagy to stimulate colonic mucin-2 secretion and modulates mucosal microbiota in functional constipation
Authors: Liu Xue-Jiao , Ye-er-tai Ye-li-ya , Jia Yue-Bo , Wu Chen-Heng , Wang Xiang-Xiang , Yang Ke-Ming , Yao Xuan , Ling Jiang-Hong
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Runchangningshen paste (RCNSP) is a paste made of four medicinal and edible homologous Chinese medicine mixed with honey. It is known for its ability to nourish yin and blood as well as to loosen the bowel to relieve constipation. The pathophysiology of functional constipation (FC) is associated with a reduction in mucin-2 (MUC2) secretion and microbial dysbiosis.

AIM

To investigate the underlying mechanism of RCNSP against FC through MUC2 and the gut mucosal microbiota.

METHODS

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry characterized RCNSP composition to elucidate the material basis of action. FC model was induced via loperamide gavage (16 mg/kg) twice daily for 7 days. Applying defecation function and gastrointestinal motility to assess constipation severity. Hematoxylin and eosin and Alcian blue-periodic acid-schiff staining analyzed colonic mucosal morphology. Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the ultrastructure of goblet cells (GCs). Immunofluorescence colocalization, quantitative PCR, and western blot assessed the impact of RCNSP on gene and protein expression within the NLRP6/autophagy pathway. 16S rDNA was employed to sequence the gut mucosal microbiota.

RESULTS

RCNSP contained 12 components with potential laxative effects. It enhanced defecation function, accelerated gastrointestinal motility, and maintained colonic mucosal integrity. RCNSP treatment significantly increased GC abundance and MUC2 production while preserving GC ultrastructure. At the molecular level, RCNSP enhanced the colocalized expression of key regulatory proteins and modulated mRNA and protein expressions in the NLRP6/autophagy pathway. Through 16S rDNA sequencing analysis, RCNSP significantly altered the mucosal microbiota composition. Specifically, it increased beneficial bacterial strains while reducing harmful ones. Simultaneously, RCNSP reduced butyrate-producing bacteria like Proteobacteria , Enterobacteriaceae , Blautia , and Eubacterium and decreased hydrogen sulfide-producing species, such as Prevotellaceae . It also reduced bile acid-inhibiting species, such as g_Eubacter_coprostanoligenes_group and Erysipelotrichaceae while increasing bile acid-producing species, such as Colidextribacter .

CONCLUSION

Our findings suggested that RCNSP ameliorated constipation through a dual mechanism: It stimulated colonic MUC2 secretion by activating NLRP6 inflammasome-mediated autophagy and modulated the composition of the mucosal microbiota.
Rising of natural therapies: Potential and challenges of traditional Chinese medicine in the management of gastrointestinal diseases
Authors: Tian Xiao-Tong , Zhan Jiang-Ping , Qiao Chang , Ge Jian-Li , Li De-Hui
Published: February 2025

In the contemporary medical landscape, the burgeoning interest in natural therapies, particularly for managing gastrointestinal disorders, has brought traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to the forefront. This article explains the core principles and clinical applications of TCM in treating these conditions, furthering the discourse through an examination of integrated TCM strategies, as demonstrated in the study by Zhou et al . While TCM has shown promising clinical outcomes, it encounters significant hurdles in standardization, mechanistic research, and clinical validation. Future investigations should aim to solidify the scientific underpinnings of TCM and expand its use in gastrointestinal disease management, striving for a seamless fusion of traditional and contemporary medical practices.
EKSPRESI IBADAH DALAM SERIAL DRAMA SANTRI PILIHAN BUNDA
Authors: Noviana Aini
Published: February 2025

Serial drama merupakan wacana atau tiruan realitassosial nyata. Serial drama santri pilihan bunda diproduksi oleh screenplays films menceritakan tentang sosok Aliza seorang gadis dengan sikapkurang berakhlaq menikahi santri yang dipilihkan oleh bundanya. Sang bunda berusaha membantu putrinya Aliza agar bertaubat dan belajar agama melalui pernikahan yang dijodohkan dengan santri bernama Kinaan dimaksudkan agar Aliza bisamengekspresikan ketaatannya pada Sang Pencipta melalui ibadah bersama suami.
Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif metode semiotika dengan menganalisis secara konotatif dan denotaif terhadap simbol-simboltindakan yang dilakukan oleh Aliza dan Kinaandalam mejalani kehidupan pernikahan, observasi dan studi dokumentasi dilakukan untuk mendapatkandata yang valid.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan beberapa ekspresi ibadah dalam serial Santri Pilihan Bunda antara lain: 1) Shalat Berjamaah, 2) Membaca Al-qur’anbersama, 3)Berdoa Bersama, 4) Menjalani Hidup dengan Sederhana dan Bersyukur, 5)Membantu Orang Lain.
Sequential adjustments of task-pair control in dual-task contexts: Examining the role of repetition priming effects at the level of task-pair sets and abstract control states
Authors: Hirsch Patricia , Koch Iring , Strobach Tilo
Published: February 2025

In dual-task situations, two stimuli are presented in rapid succession, requiring participants to perform two tasks simultaneously. Prior studies suggested that when two tasks are performed simultaneously, information about the identity of the two tasks is represented in a joint cognitive representation, referred to as the task-pair set. This evidence comes from studies showing that switching between different task pairs results in performance costs, called task-pair switch costs (i.e., performance in task-pair switches vs. repetitions). In the present study, we focused on the adjustive characteristics of task-pair switching by investigating whether task-pair switch costs are sequentially modulated by the previous experience with a task-pair switch (vs. repetition). First, we reanalyzed the data of four published experiments and observed a reduction of task-pair switch costs after a task-pair switch trial relative to after a task-pair repetition trial. Second, we confirmed this novel finding in a new experiment. The new experiment also showed that performance in a current task-pair repetition was better after a task-pair repetition than after a task-pair switch, whereas the performance in a current task-pair switch was not modulated by the task-pair sequence in the previous trial. These findings suggest that automatic bottom-up repetition priming at the level of task-pair sets, rather than repetition priming at the level of abstract control states, contributes to the sequential adjustment of task-pair switch costs.
Changing the speed and order of attentional selection in visual search
Authors: Christie Gregory J. , Tay Daniel , McDonald John J.
Published: February 2025

Seminal event-related potential (ERP) studies of visual search reported that young adults serially inspect two singletons when searching for a target (serial search), but later results showed that the second singleton can be selected while the first singleton is still attended (partially parallel search). These contrasting results indicate that some yet-to-be identified factor can affect the speed of search. We hypothesized that single-target detection tasks promote serial inspection while dual-target comparison tasks promote parallel inspection. We recorded ERP activities associated with attentional selection (N2pc) and subsequent identification (SPCN) to track attentional processing of two singletons while healthy young adults participated in one of two detection tasks or a comparison task. One singleton was made to be more salient than the other to give it a “natural” selection advantage and thus promote some serial processing even in the comparison task. The timing of N2pc activities indicated that attention was deployed to the second singleton more quickly when participants compared the orientations of lines inside the two singletons than when they searched for one specific line that was more likely to be positioned inside one singleton or the other. Surprisingly, however, search was never fully serial, even in detection tasks that encouraged close inspection of individual items. Rather, in such detection tasks, items were selected serially but were processed for identification concurrently (as indexed by the SPCN). These findings are consistent with serial-parallel hybrid models of visual search.
Synthesis and the impact of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the viability and activity of rhizobacteria
Authors: Rupaedah Bedah , Novella Indrika , Noviyanti Atiek Rostika , Eddy Diana Rakhmawaty , Safarrida Anna , Hapid Abdul , Amila Haqqa Zhafira , Suryana Suryana , Kurnia Irwan , Inayatirrahmi Fathiyah
Published: February 2025

Preserving the viability of rhizobacteria during plant application poses a significant challenge when utilizing rhizobacteria as biofertilizers, especially under adverse environmental conditions. Therefore, the selection of a suitable carrier material for rhizobacteria plays a crucial role in ensuring the sustained viability of these microorganisms. Nanomaterials, particularly nanohydroxyapatite (nHA), have garnered attention for sustaining rhizobacterial viability, high loading capacity, high biodegradability, and biocompatibility, which facilitate microbial interactions. In this study, nHA was synthesized using a hydrothermal method and used as a carrier for two rhizobacteria strains (Pd and Tb). The structural and morphological properties of nHA were examined through XRD and scanning electron microscopy analyses. Rhizobacteria were encapsulated within the carrier material, and their viability was evaluated using the total plate count method. Following their immobilization on nHA, the phosphate-solubilizing capacity of rhizobacteria was evaluated using Pikovskaya’s medium. A nitrogen-free bromothymol medium was utilized to qualitatively assess the nitrogen-fixing ability of rhizobacteria. Furthermore, rhizobacteria were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, followed by analysis to construct a phylogenetic tree. nHA was found to meet the required quality criteria, exhibiting a spherical morphology with an average particle size of 68 nm and a porosity of 54.78%. The nHA carrier demonstrated favorable physical attributes to sustaining rhizobacterial viability with pH 8.95 and an electrical conductivity of 55.4 μS/cm. Rhizobacteria loaded onto the nHA carrier maintained comparable viability to those without carriers. The highest viability of the rhizobacterial strains Pd and Tb loaded onto the nHA carrier was observed on the seventh day after inoculation, measuring at 2.480 × 107 and 1.040 × 107 CFU/mL, respectively. The qualitative tests of nHA as rhizobacterial carrier demonstrated that rhizobacteria retained their ability to solubilize phosphate and fix nitrogen. Furthermore, both rhizobacteria have been identified. Pd rhizobacterium was identified with complete match to Brevundimonas olei strain Prd2. Similarly, Tb rhizobacterium showed 100% similarity to Bacillus altitudinis strain NPB34b. Based on this reseach, nanohydroxyapatite could be the potential carrier to protect rhizobacteria from external stressors and to maintain their viability over the long term. These findings indicate the potential of a nanohydroxyapatite–rhizobacteria system as a promising environmentally friendly fertilizer.
Penilaian dan Evaluasi Pembelajaran Flip book Berbasis Proyek untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Citramastika Citramastika , Mimihariyani Mimihariyani
Published: February 2025

Agar siswa dapat belajar secara efektif, media baru harus digunakan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman mereka. Salah satu media yang dapat digunakan adalah Flip book berbasis proyek, yang menyediakan konten dengan cara yang interaktif dan menarik. Meskipun demikian, penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk menentukan kegunaan dan keabsahan media ini. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan apakah penggunaan Flip book berbasis proyek merupakan metode yang layak dan praktis untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Pendekatan penelitian dan pengembangan (RnD) digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Enam profesional, tiga instruktur yang berkualifikasi, dan tiga dosen, melakukan validasi media dengan menggunakan instrumen penilaian yang mencakup fitur tampilan, substansi, dan bahasa. Kepraktisan media dinilai oleh 30 siswa dan minimal 15 guru Kelompok Kerja Guru (KKG) menggunakan instrumen kepraktisan yang mengukur efektivitas serta efisiensi media. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui Google Form dan pertemuan langsung dengan responden yang telah menyatakan kesediaannya untuk berpartisipasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Flip book berbasis proyek memiliki tingkat validitas yang tinggi, dengan skor rata-rata 3,28. Selanjutnya, hasil evaluasi kepraktisan menunjukkan bahwa guru memberikan skor rata-rata 3,52 dan siswa memberikan skor rata-rata 3,65. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa media ini berhasil dan efisien dalam membantu proses pembelajaran. Dengan demikian, Flip book berbasis proyek dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai media pembelajaran alternatif yang menarik dan bermanfaat, terutama pada materi sistem pernapasan manusia. Guru dan pemangku kepentingan lainnya diharapkan dapat memanfaatkan media ini untuk meningkatkan mutu pendidikan di sekolah.
A Study on the Improvement of Separate Aggregate Taxation Standards for Public Golf Courses
Authors:   KOREAN SOCIETY OF TAX LAW, Jun Dong Heun
Published: February 2025

At the end of 2022, the classification system of golf courses was changed due to the amendment of the Sports Facilities Act. Depending on the classification of golf courses, there are differences in tax burdens such as high-rate separate taxation for membership golf courses, comprehensive taxation for non-member golf courses, and separate taxation for popular golf courses. A popular golf course that receives tax benefits will be designated as a popular golf course if the tax difference is lower than the course fee of the membership golf course to less than 34,000 won.
Therefore, this study aims to present the problems and improvement plans of the taxation classification standard of the popular golf course which is subject to the current separate integrated taxation.
First, it is necessary to redefine the comparison standard of the non-member fee of the current membership golf course in the metropolitan area to the non-member fee of the nationwide membership golf course. This is because it is not appropriate to use all non-member golf courses in the metropolitan area, which have the highest fee for golf courses, as a standard for designating all public golf courses in the province.
Second, the difference between the current membership golf course and the popular golf course is calculated as 14,800 won due to the difference in property tax. However, the difference between the property tax, comprehensive real estate tax, local education tax, and special tax for farming and fishing villages, which correspond to the actual tax difference, should be the sum of the differences.
Third, according to the Act on Sports Facilities, when the Minister of Culture, Sports and Tourism conducts a survey on the actual condition of golf course usage fees and designates a public golf course, the standard for applying separate aggregate taxation is taxed based on this. In order to secure the independence of the local taxation authority, it is necessary to revise the local tax laws to provide the right to verify the validity of the results of the fact-finding survey or to improve the consistency of the fact-finding survey by allowing the mayor.
BEBÉ: A EXOGESTAÇÃO E O BABYWEARING
Authors: Reisinho J. , Pissarro M. , Frias A.
Published: February 2025

A noção de 4.º trimestre abarca todas as práticas que simulam o ambiente intrauterino, permitindo assim que o recém-nascido se sinta seguro e protegido – exterogestação – sendo enunciados, ao longo do capítulo, os seus benefícios. Dentro dessas práticas, referimos o babywearing, que para além de ser utilizado como método de transporte, auxilia também as necessidades do bebé, assumindo conforto e desenvolvendo a sua adaptação ao mundo exterior. O papel dos profissionais de saúde, em especial do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstétrica, é primordial nos ensinos diários às puérperas/casal na adaptação a esta nova fase das suas vidas, tornando-se assim parte integrante da prática clínica dos cuidados de enfermagem.
Practical Evaluation of Scour at Bridge Piers Along River Banks: A Case Study of the Tigris River in Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Nama Ala Hassan , Abdulameer Layth , Al-Shammari Muthanna Mahmoud Ali , Al-Maimuri Najah Mahdi Lateef , Rashid Farhan Lafta , Kezzar Mohamed
Published: February 2025

Scour near the banks of a river, particularly at the piers of bridges, is one of the most important components of hydraulic engineering because it plays a significant role in the stability and durability of bridges. This paper performs a complete investigation, utilizing an HEC-RAS-based hydraulic (Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System) to evaluate the scour risk in the beds and banks at the Abu Nuwas Bridge piers on the Tigris River in Baghdad, Iraq. Studies that looked at different hydraulic factors, like flow rate, sediment transport, and the shape of the riverbed, were used in the evaluation to guess and model the possible scour depths of existing structures. Calibration (Manning’s n) and model validation were performed with measured discharges of 700 and 425 m3/s, respectively. In the calibration, the n value of 0.03 for the overflow banks and 0.023 for the main channel gives an acceptable performance with R2=0.84, RMS=0.3m, and NSE=0.83. In comparison, the model was valid with R2=0.82, RMS=0.39m, and NSE=0.81. These values are considered acceptable for modelling large rivers like the Tigris River. The research results showed that the risks of scouring under the cladding on the banks, even a small depth of scour, can lead to the collapse of both banks and the stone cladding versus scouring at the bottom of the bed. The study results indicated that the depth of the scour ranged from 0.0 to 2.8 m, with the greatest scour observed at Piers D30 and D148. Further, these results help improve our knowledge of the scour phenomenon and make specific contributions to the design and management of bridges near riverbanks.
Effect of MgCl2 on the Dehydrogenation Properties of NaAIH4 for Solid State Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Mohd Mustafa Nurul Shafikah , Sayuti Ahmad Muhaimin , Omar Zarina , Ya Omar Nur Ain Munirah , Ismail Mohammad
Published: February 2025

Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier, emitting only water as a by-product. However, issues like security and storage complexity impede its widespread use. Solid-state storage, with its high volumetric capacity and safety, is ideal. Sodium aluminium hydride (NaAlH4) stands out for its high hydrogen storage capacity, low cost, and abundance. Despite these advantages, its commercialization is limited by slow sorption kinetics and high decomposition temperature. This study uses magnesium chloride (MgCl2) as a catalyst to improve NaAlH4's dehydrogenation properties. Temperature-programmed desorption showed that doping NaAlH4 with 10 wt.% MgCl2 lowers the onset hydrogen release temperature. At 300 °C, MgCl2-doped NaAlH4 desorbs about 1.6 wt.% hydrogen in 120 minutes, compared to 0.53 wt.% for undoped NaAlH4. SEM analysis revealed that MgCl2-doped NaAlH4 particles are homogeneously dispersed with less agglomeration. These factors are crucial in reducing breakdown temperature and improving kinetics. MgCl2 effectively enhances NaAlH4's hydrogen storage capacity.
Comparison Study of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity between Dates and Manuka Honeys
Authors: Aween Mohamed , Aween Yousef Abdulsamie , Elgweiry Nour Fathi , Ehmeda Nada Soliman , Abd Rahman Mohamad Razlan
Published: February 2025

Honey is long known having beneficial health benefits both internal and external of the human body. The current study was carried out to detect the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Manuka and Date honey. The antioxidant activity was detected using DPPH assay to show the reduced free radical cells effect by honey samples, while antibacterial activity of honey samples against Staphylococcus aureus pathogenic bacteria was detected using Microtiter plate assay. The results varied with the highest antioxidant activity related to the concentration of 2000 ppm with 37.37 ± 2.66 % by Date honey, while 2000 ppm of Manuka Honey had the lowest antioxidant activity with 3.38 ± 18.78 %. Antibacterial activity results were also diverse, the highest was from Manuka honey with concentration of 20 % with 77.44 ± 6.72 % after 48h time of incubation. In addition, the lowest inhibition activity against Staphylococcus aureus was related to Date honey with concentration of 20 % with 18.17 ± 23.00 % after 12h incubation time. Staphylococcus aureus was resistant to 20 % Date honey after the 1st 6h of incubation time. This study concluded that both Manuka and Date honey have antioxidant and antibacterial activity, which was related to the source of honey, its content and concentrations of diluted honey samples. Overall, date honey is more effective than Manuka honey as an antioxidant, while Manuka honey has a higher antibacterial activity than date honey.
Understanding Mental Burnout in Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun: Prevalence and Coping Mechanisms among Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Rezuan Nuratikah Adillah , Abdul Jalil Aina Amanina , Mohd Noordin Zakiah
Published: February 2025

Burnout is a significant and growing concern among healthcare professionals at Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun (HRPB), with doctors, nurses, and pharmacists particularly affected by high-stress demands. Burnout not only impacts the mental health and well-being of these professionals but also affects the quality of patient care, leading to issues such as medical errors, reduced productivity, and high staff turnover. Addressing burnout requires a comprehensive understanding of the factors contributing to it, as well as the coping mechanisms used by healthcare workers to manage this condition. Without this knowledge, it is challenging to design effective interventions that support mental health in high-pressure healthcare environments. The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence, associated factors and coping strategies related to burnout among healthcare professionals at HRPB. Methods: An analytic observational method with a cross-sectional design was employed, gathering data through online and printed questionnaires. Participants were recruited using non-probability convenience and snowball sampling methods. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the prevalence and coping mechanisms of burnout, while Pearson’s Chi-Square and inferential statistics identified associations between burnout and demographic factors such as age, gender, and educational background, with a significance level set at p-value < 0.05.  The study found a moderate prevalence of burnout (54.7%) among healthcare professionals at HRPB, with personal and work factors (81.9%) and patient-related factors (85.5%) as the most frequent contributors. Among coping mechanisms, religion was the most frequently utilised strategy, suggesting its prominent role in resilience building.  Burnout is moderately prevalent among healthcare professionals at HRPB and is significantly influenced by socio-demographic factors, such as age and professional status. Religion plays a primary role as a coping mechanism, pointing to the importance of spiritual support in mitigating burnout. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions and training programmes within government institutions to support mental health, improve job satisfaction, and reduce burnout among healthcare professionals.
Psychological Determinants in Influencing Residents Adoption Intention of Home Energy Efficiency Measures: A Case in East Malaysia
Authors: Hwang Mee Ling , Low Sheau-Ting  , Chua Seok Ying , Mansor Razlin
Published: February 2025

In recent years, energy demand has been growing fast, primarily driven by global population growth. The residential sector is a major contributor to rising energy needs, accounting for 20.5% of Malaysia’s energy consumption. A substantial portion of domestic energy is used for electrical appliances, water heating, cooling and lighting, all of which contribute to increased greenhouse gas emissions. To reduce energy demand, carbon emissions and energy costs at both household and national levels, energy efficiency measures can play a crucial role. However, the factors influencing the adoption of these measures remain unclear within the Malaysian context. This study aims to explore the significance of psychological determinants in influencing residents' intentions to adopt home energy efficiency measures. Grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior, a theoretical framework was developed, incorporating an additional variable to assess its potential impact on residents' intentions to adopt home energy efficiency measures. A systematic literature review identified four key psychological determinants—attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and past experience—as influencers of residents’ intentions to adopt energy efficiency measures. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 286 residents in Sibu, Sarawak. Frequency analysis was used to examine demographic information, and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyze relationships within the model. Findings revealed that all determinants, except subjective norm, significantly influence households’ intentions to adopt home energy efficiency measures. The results provide insights for marketers and policymakers to shape targeted strategies, fostering a more sustainable society.
The Use of Multisensory Methods in Improving the Reading Skills of Students with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Vestly Kong Liang Soon  , Abd Rahman Norsaipafatul Hadibah , Kuppusamy Suresh Kumar Kuppusamy
Published: February 2025

This study aims to investigate the use of multisensory methods in enhancing the reading skills of students with learning difficulties. Multisensory methods refer to teaching approaches that engage multiple senses including sight, hearing, touch, and movement. Students with learning disabilities typically face challenges in comprehension, communication, writing, and mathematics, often exhibiting reduced attention span, memory issues, weaker reasoning skills, inefficient information processing, difficulties in integrating prior knowledge with new information, and problems applying knowledge in educational settings. This research is a qualitative case study, utilizing interviews as the primary method for data collection. This study was conducted with three special education teachers from different school via google meet. The findings were derived from the transcriptions of the interviews, which provided clear insights into the research conducted. The results indicate that special education teachers agree and share a common perspective that the implementation of multisensory methods has a significantly positive impact on improving the reading skills of students with learning difficulties. Moreover, this study offers practical guidance for teachers in designing more effective interventions for students facing learning challenges. It emphasizes the need for teachers to adopt multisensory approaches as part of their teaching strategies. This method can address the diverse needs of students and enhance their overall learning experience. Furthermore, the research aims to contribute to the existing body of literature on special education by providing new insights into the application and effectiveness of multisensory teaching techniques. In conclusion, the findings from this study not only highlight the benefits of multisensory methods in reading instruction but also cover the importance of ongoing professional development for teachers. By equipping special education teachers with the necessary skills and knowledge, they can better support students with learning difficulties.
The Emerging Problem in Academic and Professional Relationship
Authors: MMSI Diena Noviarini , Rahmaniyah Raihaanah Nabiilah , Virlina Aulia
Published: February 2025

In order to improve the competitiveness of graduates of the Faculty of Economics, State University of Jakarta, an E-Learning Application was designed that integrates big data of learning curriculum with the exchange of curriculum of foreign educational institutions through Eurasia Research. In designing the application, the methods used are literature study, analysis method with fishbone diagram and e-learning software design method using Multi Platforms based on PHP. The analysis method in the form of guest lecturer is intended to examine the curriculum of foreign educational institutions as a sample. The design method is used to design a new application system based on data taken from the results of interviews in the form of Intellectual Property Rights that can solve the problems faced. The design of Intellectual Property Rights e-learning software uses cloud computing web server hardware with client hardware and Multi Platforms programming e- learning software, interpreter and big data and e-learning software for clients. The desired result is the successful implementation of e-learning Software and widespread publication in Indonesia with its publication that can produce Big Data integration of learning curriculum.
Click, Type, Send (CTS): Teaching Email Writing to Year 4 Pupils
Authors: Ramzi Ayu Haniezyea , Bolhar@Bolhan Nur Syahadha , Mohd Amin Azhari Nurul Izzati , Md Yunos Melor
Published: February 2025

Formal email etiquette and clear communication are essential skills in the digital age. However, many Year 4 Malaysian pupils face challenges in crafting well-structured, appropriately worded emails following the Ujian Akhir Sesi Akademik (UASA) format, Malaysia’s latest exam standard. They often struggle with email structure, formal language, and clarity, key elements for effective academic communication. Click, Type, Send (CTS) is an innovative module that addresses the pupils’ challenges in composing emails based on the UASA format. CTS leverages Canva to create an engaging, interactive module that guides students step-by-step through UASA’s email format and requirements. By combining Canva’s accessible design features with gamified elements such as Kahoot!, Quizizz, Quizlet, and other digital platforms, it offers a visually appealing, user-friendly platform that motivates pupils to practice email writing. CTS is a digital innovation that enhances communication skills by guiding users, especially young learners, through structured email writing. It offers real-time feedback on format, vocabulary, and tone, using interactive exercises and step-by-step guidance to teach effective, clear communication. The outcomes of this innovation include enhanced digital communication skills, improved email writing abilities with proper format and vocabulary, and increased confidence in using email among the Year 4 pupils. These skills prepare them to navigate digital platforms effectively, laying a foundation for future learning and professional communication. Thus, CTS fosters communication skills, promotes digital inclusion, and enhances educational competence, preparing young learners to succeed academically and contribute to their communities in a tech-driven world.