bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends in Diagnosis and Treatment of T1a, T1b Prostate Cancer in the United States, 2010-2017.
Authors: Kord Eyal , Koenig Hannah , Flores John , Porter Christopher
Published: June 2022

Background
Changing recommendations regarding prostate cancer (PCa) screening in the US during the last decade, have led to changes in incidence patterns of PCa. We aimed to assess recent trends in diagnosis and treatment of T1a, T1b PCa in the US.
Materials and Methods
Using the National Cancer Database, we identified patients diagnosed with T1a, T1b, and T1c PCa between 2010–2017. We described rates of diagnosis, change in clinically significant (CS) disease, patients risk stratification and primary treatment modalities over the time-period studied. Treatment modality proportions were compared between the risk stratified groups. We used the one-way ANOVA and proportional z tests to examine significant changes in incidence and treatment rates.
Results
We identified 24,679 patients diagnosed with T1a (15,186) or T1b (9,493) PCa between 2010–2017. T1a/b cases represented an average of 3.5% of all PCa cases without a significant change in incidence over time. The chance of T1a/b being CS increased over time representing 38.7% in 2010 and 44.1% in 2017 (p < 0.001). Across all risk groups, patients diagnosed with T1a/b disease were significantly less likely to be treated definitively with surgery or radiation, and more likely to enter active surveillance/watchful waiting in comparison to T1c patients. These findings were consistent even after controlling for age and comorbidity status.
Conclusions
Although the incidence of T1a/b PCa remained stable, CS T1a/b disease increased between 2010–2017. In comparison to T1c, men diagnosed incidentally with T1a/b PCa are significantly less likely to receive definitive treatment regardless of their risk group, age, and comorbidity status.
Modeling the pre-collapse community pattern of PETM warming event
Authors: Pálinkás Melinda , Hufnagel Levente
Published: June 2022

We modeled a foraminifera community collapse during Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum with our temperature- and density-dependent model. Besides assessing our model, we investigated the pre-collapse pattern and the warning signals of the collapse with statistical indicators (relative species abundance, hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis, total abundance, species richness, first-order autoregression, relative abundance of pre-collapse dominant species). We found that our model is appropriate for analyzing temperature- and density-dependent data patterns. Our study confirms that the total abundance and the pre-collapse dominant species are consistent temperature- and density-dependent indicators and give large-scale signals (trend changes) at the beginning of major environmental events and at community thresholds, respectively. They are earlier than first-order autoregression, which signals at the collapse zone boundaries. A great deficiency of our temperature- and density-dependent model is that it lacks strong small-scale signals (peaks and troughs). Small-scale signals are important because they can precede the large-scale signals of approaching collapses.
Valuation of Non-timber Products of Surra Plantation Forest in the Upper Hare-Baso River Catchment, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Mada Genesha , Anjulo Agena , Gelaw Abren
Published: June 2022

The study was aimed at the valuation of the NTFPs production potential of the Surra planted forest at Gughe massif of Gamo highlands in Southwest Ethiopia. The Surra plantation comprises Cupressus, eucalyptus, and radiata species side by side. The NTFs from the plantation such as litter of eucalyptus and grasses are economically interesting in the catchment. The Surrounding people of the Surra plantation are practicing subsistence agriculture on the marginally fragmented and degraded hills of Gamo highlands, petty trades, raking of BLTs, weaving, etc as livelihood diversification despite insignificantly understanding of its value. The purposes of the physical and monetary valuation of NTFPs and grasses were to integrate into the economy, plan the management, and diversify benefits. The BLTs data was collected through plot and stock change methods, and thus 30 small plots were selected purposively from 15 minor plots of eucalyptus plantation. The grass data was assessed indirectly by accounting for grazing via animal unit month (AUM) and livestock CC (caring capacity). The production potential of BLTs and grass were 50,944.2kg/yr and 284076kg/yr, respectively. The monetary equivalent value of both were ETB96, 793.98, and ETB326687, respectively. However, the correct proper use factor (30%) considered annual production potential of grass/fodder per total annual was 85224, and per/ha/kg was 362kg. The valuation based on plot methods, stock change methods, and the indirect accounting for grazing approach results better considered the growth and production potential determining factors of vegetation, and the monetary value considered the socio-economic and cultural backgrounds of the users. It is recommended to the Ethiopian government to account for BLTs and grass production potentials using the aforementioned methods to maximize the accuracy while accounting for NTFPs, and that repeals for policy attention of the Ethiopian government.
Thermal-mechanical model for machining with chamfered insert considering tool flank wear
Authors: Zhuang Kejia , Yao Xin , Hu Cheng , Zou Lingli , Lin Fengtian , Wu Chaoqun
Published: June 2022

The deformation of material leads to severe thermal-mechanical effects during metal cutting with chamfered insert. The high cutting temperature on the contact face results in the wear of the insert which is a critical issue. However, there is still a lack of a comprehensive understanding of thermal-mechanical effects, especially with respect to the presence of the tool flank wear. To address this, an analytical thermal-mechanical model is developed in this paper for the prediction of the temperature distribution with a worn insert based on a modified slip-line field approach. Firstly, an analytical slip-line field model is introduced based on material plasticity and ploughing theory considering the tool flank wear. The structure of the slip-line field model, especially at the dead metal zone and the flank zone, is modified to reveal the material flow mechanism. Then, heat sources, including primary heat source, secondary heat source, tertiary heat source and fourth heat source, are clarified to explain the heat generation phenomenon in the cutting process. In addition, a cutting temperature field model is developed to show the effect of tertiary heat source based on the imaginary heat source theory. Finally, the slip-line field geometry and temperature distribution are extracted from two-dimensional finite element simulation to verify the proposed model. And orthogonal experiments are carried out for measuring the maximum cutting temperature. The good agreement of predicted results, simulated results, and experimental results verifies the accuracy of the proposed model.
Effect of β3 -adrenoceptor Activation on interaction of Renal Adrenoceptors and Angiotensin II Receptors in Aging ApoE-/- mice
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Fengde , Li Yanfang , Jiang Zhili , Song Junying
Published: June 2022

To investigate the effect of β3-adrenoceptor (β3-AR) activation on the interaction of renal adrenoceptor (AR) and angiotensin II receptor (ATR) subtypes in aging apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE-/-) mice. 10 C57BL/6J mice served as normal control group (group A) and 50 age-matched apoE-/- mice randomly divided into hyperlipidaemia model group (group B), atorvastatin treatment group (group C), low-dose β3-AR agonist group (group D), high-dose β3-AR agonist group (group E) and β3-AR antagonist group (group F) were fed with high fat diet for 38 weeks, treatment in each group was given during the last 12 weeks of the high-fat diet. Then serum non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (nHDL-C), blood glucose and insulin levels in each group were measured using an automatic biochemical detector. Expression of α1A-AR, α1B-AR, α2A-AR, β1-AR, β2-AR, β3-AR and angiotensin II type 1 (AT1R) and type 2 (AT2R) receptors in renal tissues were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Results showed that the serum nHDL-C, blood glucose and insulin levels significantly increased in hyperlipidaemia model mice (P<0.01), and the expression of α1A-AR, AT1R and AT2R in renal tissues were significantly upregulated (P<0.01), with the expression of α1B-AR, α2A-AR, β1-AR, β2-AR and β3-AR downregulated (P<0.01). Compared with group B, nHDL-C, glucose and insulin in aged apoE-/- mice decreased in group D and E (P<0.01). β3-AR agonist treatment could down-regulate the expression of α1A-AR and AT1R (P<0.05), and increased α1B-AR, α2A-AR, β1-AR, β3-AR and AT2R expression in group D and E (P<0.05), and thus resulted in improved lipid and glucose metabolism in aging hyperlipidaemia ApoE-/- mice, indicating that there are interaction between β3- AR and different subtypes of AR, and between β3-AR and ATRs, which may play a protective role in renal function injury caused by hyperlipidemia.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I, Q222R/rs1053874 A/G) is associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Authors: Zedan Mohamed M. , Mutawi Thuraya M. , Salah Mona T. , Attia Zeinab R.
Published: June 2022

Deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) is a potential endonuclease enzyme implicated in several immune diseases such as SLE. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of rs1053874 A/G DNase I polymorphism on SLE susceptibility and to study its influence on serum DNase I levels. The genomic DNA for all participants was genotyped utilizing TaqMan™ assay and Serum DNase I levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay. Individuals with the GA, AA, GA + AA genotypes, and A allele of rs1053874 A/G in the DNase I gene had decreased SLE risk. Also, regression analysis revealed that patients with the genotype "GA + AA" and decreased DNase I levels had decreased risk for prediction of SLE activity (P < 0.05). In Conclusion, The DNase I rs1053874 A/G reduced the incidence of SLE in the Egyptian population. Moreover, “GA + AA” in the same SNP is thought to be an independent predictor of the progression of SLE by reducing serum DNase I levels.
Budd–Chiari syndrome versus Pyrrolizidine alkaloids-induced hepatic sinusoidal obstructive syndrome: A multi-center study
Authors: Tong Yaru , Zhuge Yuzheng , Zhang Ming , Qi Zexue , Wu Wei , Chen Jinjun , He Fuliang , Zhang Xiaofeng , Zhang Feng , Li Taishun , Zhang Bin , Zhang Wei , Yin Qin , Ding Pengxu , Wang Guangchuan
Published: June 2022

Background
Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS), especially BCS-hepatic vein occlusion type (BCS-HV), and Pyrrolizidine alkaloids-induced hepatic sinusoidal obstructive syndrome (PA-HSOS) share many clinical characteristics. In this study, we comprehensively compare the two diseases to identify key characteristics.
Methods
139 patients with BCS-HV and 257 PA-HSOS patients admitted to six hospitals between January 2014 and October 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The two groups were then comprehensively compared and analyzed clinically.
Results
Among the 139 BCS-HV and 257 PA-HSOS patients, the mean age and the median time from symptom onset to the first visit have a statistical difference. 257 PA-HSOS patients all had a history of taking PA-containing plants, while no patients in the BCS-HV group were exposed to PA-containing plants (p < 0.05). BCS-HV and PA-HSOS were found in abdominal distension, abdominal pain, ascites, abdominal wall varicose veins and jaundice were significantly different (p < 0.05). The prevalence of local stenosis or occlusion of the hepatic vein in BCS-HV group was higher than that in the PA-HSOS group (P < 0.05). On the three characteristics of hepatic vein traffic branches, enlarged caudate lobe of the liver and early liver enhancement nodules, the prevalence in BCS-HV was 73.90%, 47.70%, and 8.50%, while those of the PA-HSOS group were zero (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
The history of PA intake, local stenosis or occlusion of the hepatic vein, a communicating branch of the hepatic vein, and caudate lobe hypertrophy are the key factors to distinguish the two diseases.
Novel vitamin K3 analogues containing 3-N-substituted aromatic and piperazine rings with selective in vitro anticancer activity against HeLa, U87 MG, and MCF-7
Authors: Abdassalam Aesha FSH. , Deniz Nahide Gulsah , SAYIL CIGDEM , Onay-Ucar Evren , Mertoglu Elif , Arda Nazli
Published: June 2022

In this study, firstly, five novel vitamin K3 analogues were synthesized by the reactions of vitamin K3 (2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, also known as menadione) with some aromatic and heterocyclic ring substituted nucleophiles such as 2,4-dimethoxyaniline, 4-methoxyaniline, 4-benzylpiperidine and 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine in ethanol/Na2CO3, and 1-(diphenylmethyl)piperazine in chloroform/triethylamine (TEA) at room temperature. Their structures were elucidated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), attached proton test nuclear magnetic resonance (APT-NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). Secondly, in vitro cytotoxic effects of vitamin K3 analogues were investigated by MTT assay against three cancer cell lines (HeLa, U87 MG, and MCF-7) to evaluate their anticancer activity and a human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK-293) to check their cancer cell selectivity. One of the compounds, namely 2-((2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)amino)-3-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione, was found to inhibit the growth of HeLa cervical cancer cells selectively, even better than vitamin K3, at a non-toxic concentration for healthy cells. The selectivity index of this compound for HeLa cells was calculated approximately as 3. Vitamin K3 was more effective against U87 MG and MCF-7 cells than its derivatives, moreover it was the only compound, which was significantly toxic to breast cancer cells, but its selectivity was poor. Furthermore, anticancer properties of piperazine derivatives of vitamin K3 were investigated by us for the first time in this study.
Image Segmentation Based on GOA for Finding Deformities in Medical and Aura Images
Authors: poojary manjula , Yarramalle Srinivas
Published: June 2022

Image segmentation is one of the challenging task in the area of digital image processing. Many methods are available for undergoing segmentation among which clustering techniques are assumed to be more outstanding. In this article the Expectation Maximization (EM) based Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) is considered for segmentation. In order to identify the feature this article proposes a new Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) based approach for segmentation along with BGMM and EM algorithm. The results are carried out on benchmark dataset namely UCI for medical images and aura images from Bio-well data sets. The results are evaluated using image quality metrics.
Clinicopathological significances and prognostic value of PPFIA4 in colorectal cancer
Authors: Fu Fangmei , Zheng Minying , Yang Xiaohui , Fan Linlin , Chen Shuo , Gao Ming , Zhang Shiwu
Published: June 2022

Purpose
The PPFIA gene family (PPFIA1, PPFIA2, PPFIA3, and PPFIA4) is associated with multiple human diseases, particularly malignant tumors. However, the expression and prognostic value of the PPFIA family in human colorectal cancers (CRCs) have not been reported.
Materials and methods
In this study, several databases, including Oncomine, UALCAN, and the cancer cell line encyclopedia, were used to compare differences in PPFIA1, PPFIA2, PPFIA3, and PPFIA4 expression between normal colon samples and CRCs. The expression levels of these four proteins were used to evaluate the survival of patients with CRC, as determined by the Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) portal and gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA) databases. Western blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were performed to detect protein and mRNA levels of PPFIA1, PPFIA3, and PPFIA4, respectively. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was used to detect the correlation between PPFIA4 expression and the degree of CRC malignancy. Furthermore, potential miRNAs targeting PPFIA4 in CRCs were studied and confirmed.
Results
Bioinformatic analysis showed that the mRNA levels of PPFIA1, PPFIA3, and PPFIA4 were higher in CRC tissue samples than in normal colon tissue. Both mRNA and protein expression of PPFIA1, PPFIA3, and PPFIA4 were increased in the CRC cell lines LoVo and Hct116 compared with the normal colon epithelial cell line. Only PPFIA4 was associated with the prognosis of patients with CRC, which was confirmed by TCGA portal and GEPIA. IHC staining confirmed that the expression of PPFIA4 was higher in CRC tissues than in normal colon tissues and also increased in poorly differentiated CRC tissues and lymph node metastatic foci in comparison with well-differentiated CRC tissues and moderately differentiated CRC tissues. Functional annotation enrichment analysis indicated that the top 100 genes co-expressed with PPFIA4 were enriched in the G-protein coupled peptide receptor activity, leukotrience B4 receptor activity, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling pathways. In addition, miR-485-5p negatively regulates the expression of PPFIA4.
Conclusion
PPFIA4 expression is associated with the development of CRCs and may be a novel potential prognostic marker for human CRCs.
Research on scientific evaluation method of thermal characteristics of CNC machine tools based on robustness
Authors: Ran Jing , Miao Enming , Luo Hui , Tang Guangyuan
Published: June 2022

For the thermal test of CNC machine tools, the existing scientific researchers measured their main axis thermal deformation characteristics as a test index based on international standard ISO 230-3: 2020. However, according to the team's research, it is found that the thermal characteristics of machine tools reflected by the positions of different fixed points of different types of machine tools are quite different, and cannot fully and accurately reflect the thermal characteristics of machine tools. The thermal characteristics of modern machine tools are not only closely related to the structure, but also and the compensation model are inseparable. Therefore, on the basis of international standards, this paper selects three-axis and five-axis vertical machining centers as the research objects, And based on the current international advanced machining equipment robustness theory, combining the robustness model prediction effect and machine tool thermal characteristics, a scientific machine tool thermal characteristics detection method and evaluation standard are proposed, which can effectively demonstrate the actual performance of the machine tool. The research results show that the rigid and stable spindle of the three-axis CNC machining center can choose the fixed position of the worktable to evaluate the thermal characteristics of the machine tool, but it is necessary to optimize the position of the fixed point of the worktable according to the thermal characteristics prediction model. However, the rigidity of the spindle of the five-axis machining center is poor, which requires the modeling of the whole working area and the evaluation of thermal characteristics to be more scientific. Simply using the three-axis CNC machining center to select the fixed point of the worktable as the evaluation of the thermal characteristics of the machine tool has a large error.
Historical Landscape Evolution and Pattern Characteristics of Water System in Yuanmingyuan Garden
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Xi Xuesong , Huang Shiwei , Liang Shifan
Published: June 2022

Yuanmingyuan Garden embodies the outstanding wisdom and cultural and artistic pursuit of Chinese classical royal gardens in water management. The water system has rich morphological changes, vivid waterscape and profound water culture. The overall water system design realises the perfect combination of water function, culture, ecology and landscape. The current water system area accounts for about 30% of the total area of the park, which is a pattern formed after continuous construction, improvement, change and governance in various historical periods. This study adopts the method of combining historical documents, map and modern spatial information system to restore and overlay the water system pattern in the typical historical periods of Yuanmingyuan, such as the initial period, the peak period, the ruin period and the contemporary development period in the same spatial coordinate system. The pattern characteristics and evolution laws of the water system in each historical period were quantitatively analysed and explained by landscape pattern indexes, such as the type area of water patches and the proportion of water patches in water patch number. The causes and cultural connotation of water system pattern characteristics in various historical periods are interpreted in combination with the historical background and design concept.
Page curves and bath deformations
Authors: Caceres Elena , Kundu Arnab , Patra Ayan , Shashi Sanjit
Published: June 2022

We study the black hole information problem within a semiclassically
gravitating AdS_dd
black hole coupled to and in equilibrium with a
dd-dimensional
thermal conformal bath. We deform the bath state by a relevant scalar
deformation, triggering a holographic RG flow whose "trans-IR"
region deforms from a Schwarzschild geometry to a Kasner universe. The
setup manifests two independent scales which control both the extent of
coarse-graining and the entanglement dynamics when counting Hawking
degrees of freedom in the bath. In tuning either, we find nontrivial
changes to the Page time and Page curve. We consequently view the Page
curve as a probe of the holographic RG flow, with a higher Page time
manifesting as a result of increased coarse-graining of the bath degrees
of freedom.
History of technical diagnostics and repair organization systems in industry
Authors: Valeev A. R. , Atroshchenko N. A. , Kharrasov B. G.
Published: June 2022

The article discusses history of technical diagnostics and repair organization in industry in Russia. The history of formation of the principles of repair, which were further formed into a system of preventive and planned repairs, is considered. At one of the stages of industrial development and the formation of repair organization systems, it became necessary to develop technical diagnostics of machines and equipment that can be carried out on working equipment. The main reasons and key points at various stages of the formation of technical diagnostics and repair organization are considered.
Identification of Potential Inhibitors for Beta-Lactamase in Methicillin-
Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Flavonoids Using a Computational
Drug Discovery Approach
Authors: Abdollahian Amirreza , Hazhirkamal Maryam , Taheri Mohammad , Nouri Fatemeh , Taherkhani Amir
Published: June 2022

Background:

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a Gram-positive bacterium causing a wide
range of human infections, leading to life-threatening invasive disorders, hospitalization, and mortality.
Producing β-lactamase enzymes in S. aureus is one of the main mechanisms of the pathogen that makes
the bacteria resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics, resulting in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)
strains. Therefore, it is crucial to identify novel β-lactamase inhibitors to combat infections caused by
MRSA strains.

Methods:

In silico virtual screening approach was executed to evaluate the binding affinity of several
natural flavonoids to the MRSA β-lactamase active site. After that, the stability of interactions between
top inhibitors and the residues incorporated inside the β-lactamase was examined by molecular dynamics
(MD) simulation. Moreover, the most connected amino acid within the catalytic domain of the enzyme
was determined.

Results:

Rutin, isoquercitrin, nicotiflorin, quercetin-3-rhamnoside, vicenin-2, quercitrin, and orientin
demonstrated a salient binding affinity with the β-lactamase active site (ΔG binding < −10 kcal/mol). Interestingly,
the inhibition constant value (Ki) for rutin was estimated at the picomolar scale. The docked
poses of these compounds were demonstrated to be stable. Moreover, Gln237 was revealed to be the most
crucial residue involved in ligand binding.

Conclusion:

Rutin, isoquercitrin, nicotiflorin, quercetin-3-rhamnoside, vicenin-2, quercitrin, and orientin
may be potent inhibitors of β-lactamase and may be helpful for the treatment of several invasive infections
caused by MRSA strains. However, experimental studies are needed in the future to validate our
findings.
Machine-learning Algorithms for Ischemic Heart Disease Prediction:
A Systematic Review
Authors: Bani Hani Salam H. , Ahmad Muayyad M.
Published: June 2022

Purpose:

This review aims to summarize and evaluate the most accurate machine-learning algorithm used to predict ischemic heart disease.

Methods:

This systematic review was performed following PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search was carried out using multiple databases such as Science Direct, PubMed\ MEDLINE, CINAHL, and IEEE explore.

Results:

Thirteen articles published between 2017 to 2021 were eligible for inclusion. Three themes were extracted: the commonly used algorithm to predict ischemic heart disease, the accuracy of algorithms to predict ischemic heart disease, and the clinical outcomes to improve the quality of care. All methods have utilized supervised and unsupervised machine-learning.

Conclusion:

Applying machine-learning is expected to assist clinicians in interpreting patients’ data and implementing optimal algorithms for their datasets. Furthermore, machine-learning can build evidence-based that support health care providers to manage individual situations who need invasive procedures such as catheterizations.
Diagnostic Role and Methods of Detection of Cardiac Troponins: An Opinion
from Historical and Current Points of View
Authors: Michailovich Chaulin Aleksey
Published: June 2022

The laboratory methods for the determination of cardiac troponins (cTnI, cTnT) used nowadays are extremely diverse, which has a significant impact on our understanding of the biology and di¬agnostic the value of cTnI and cTnT as biomarkers. The main classifica¬tion of methods for the determination of cTnI and cTnT is based on the sensitivity of the immunoassay. Low- and moderately sensitive detec¬tion methods are known to be relatively low sensitive, which leads to a relatively late confirmation of cardiomyocyte death. Due to new highly sensitive methods used for the determination of cTnI and cTnT, designated as highly or ultrasensitive immunoassays (hs-TnT and hs-TnT), we received new, revised data about the biology of cardiac tro¬ponin molecules. In particular, it became clear that they can be considered products of normal myocardium metabolism since hs-TnT and hs-TnT are detected in almost all healthy patients. It also turned out that hs-TnT and hs-TnT are differ by gender (in men, troponin con¬centration in the blood is higher than in women), age (in elderly pa¬tients, the levels of troponins are higher than in young ones) and circadian cycles (morning concentrations of troponins are higher than in the evening). A large variety of methods for determining cTnI and cTnT, differing in their diagnostic capabilities, creates the need for tests to perform an unbiased assessment of the analytical charac¬teristics of each method. This review focuses on the most pressing is¬sues related to the discussion of the biological characteristics of cardiac troponin and the analytical characteristics of troponin immunoassays from a historical and contemporary point of view.
Development of a Fast and Highly Sensitive UPLC–MS/MS Technique for
Simultaneous Estimation of Artemether and Dihydroartemisinin with its
Application to Pharmacokinetic and Biodistribution Studies
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Akhlaquer
Published: June 2022

Background:

Artemether (ART) has been recognized as a potent and rapidly acting
antimalarial agent metabolized by cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 3A4 into a more active form dihydroartemisinin
(DHA). Hence, it was required to study the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution
of ART and DHA for the optimization of dose.

Objectives:

The current research aims to develop an ultra-performance liquid chromatographytandem
mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) technique with high sensitivity for quantification of
ART and DHA simultaneous in the biological fluid.

Methods:

An isocratic elution mode was applied for delivery of mobile phase (A) ammonium acetate
(2mM) in UPLC grade water and (B) acetonitrile (20:80, v/v) comprising 0.1% v/v formic
acid in each solvent system with the rate of flow maintained at 400 μL/min. For analyte detection
and parent to daughter ion transition tracking, multiple reaction monitoring system was adopted.
Artemisinin was selected as the internal standard (IS) for its structural similarity with the analytes.

Results:

The linearity range of the calibration curve was between 0.5-200 ng/mL. The regression
equation indicated r2 = 0.996 for ART and r2 = 0.997 for DHA. Precision and accuracy set in
terms of relative error (RE%: ±15) and relative standard deviation (RSD%: ±15) expressed in
percentage were within the acceptability range. The % recoveries were within the acceptable limit
(90–110%). The detection and quantification limits of the analyte were 0.2 ng/mL and 0.5 ng/mL,
respectively.

Conclusion:

The method demonstrated a useful technique for quantification of ART and DHA
for evaluating the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution studies in rat plasma following orally
administered nanoformulation.
Novel Potent EGFR-JAK3 Dual-Target Inhibitor that Overcomes KRAS Mutation
Resistance in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Chen Lixue , Ma Xiaodong , Sun Xiuli , Wu Tingyu , Yu Jiawen , Wang Changyuan , Jin Yue , Zheng Xu
Published: June 2022

Background:

In-depth and clear mechanistic study is a prerequisite for new drugs to enter clinical research.

Method:

New chemical entity BY4008 was identified by our lab as a novel and highly potent EGFR and JAK3 dualtarget
inhibitor. A cell-based test exhibited strong antiproliferative activities against SW620 and HCT116 colon cancer
cells harboring KRAS mutation with IC50 of nanomolar potency. Furthermore, acridine orange/ethidium bromide
(AO/EB), Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) and DAPI staining assays and flow cytometry analyses indicated that BY4008
has the function of pro-apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle. In addition, BY4008 inhibited the autophosphorylation of
EGFR and blocked the activation of downstream signaling and the JAK-STAT3 pathway.

Result:

Meanwhile, a decreased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an increased level of malondialdehyde
(MDA) in SW620 and HCT116 cells were observed after exposure to BY4008.

Conclusion:

In summary, this study provides an important structural basis and mechanistic study for future effective
treatment of colorectal cancer.
The Emerging Roles of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Its
Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Ayatollahi Hossein , Rahmati Atefe , Goudarzi Sajad , Sheikhi Maryam , Siyadat Payam , A Ferns Gordon
Published: June 2022

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant disorder characterized by myeloid differentiation arrest and
uncontrolled clonal expansion of abnormal myeloid progenitor cells. AML is the most common malignant bone marrow
(BM) disease in adults and accounts for approximately 80% of adult leukemia cases. There has been little improvement
in the treatment of patients with AML over the past decade. Cytogenetic and morphologic heterogeneity of
AML and the difficulty in distinguishing leukemic stem cells (LSCs) from normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)
continue to be the major challenges in treating this malignancy. In recent years, intensive efforts have been made to
explore novel potential markers for the efficient identification and characterization of leukemic stem cells. Aldehyde
dehydrogenase (ALDH) is a potential target molecule that plays crucial roles in leukemic stem cell survival and multidrug
resistance, mainly through its involvement in the detoxification of many endogenous and exogenous aldehydes.
The selection and isolation of cancer stem cells based on high ALDH activity seem to be a useful approach in many
human malignancies, especially leukemia. Moreover, it is worth mentioning that several previous studies have indicated
that a high ALDH activity (classified as ALDHbr cells in flow cytometry) can act as an independent prognostic
factor in several types of cancer. In the present review, we update and critically discuss the available data regarding the
importance of ALDH activity in normal and leukemic stem cells and its potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
Designing skills for life skills education plan of pedagogical students in Vietnam
Authors: Giang Trinh Thuy , Khanh Mai Quoc , Hong Nguyen Thi Thanh , Hoa Vu Le
Published: June 2022

How to organize educational activities in general and life skills education in particular at all levels to achieve the desired effect is a matter of concern to the Ministry of Education and Training of Vietnam along with schools, especially after the Ministry of Education promulgates the 2018 general education program, life skills education had become an even more important role in the good implementation of educational goals for students at all levels. The 2018 general education program is gradually being implemented according to the approved roadmap in the coming years in Vietnam, which has been placing high demands on the educational capacity of high school teachers. However, at present, whether high school teachers are able to meet the requirements of educational capacity in general and the capacity to teach life skills for students in particular is a question that is being asked by all levels of management.
FASCÍCULO COMPLEMENTARIO XI: A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST OF THE MOSSES OF GUANAJUATO, MEXICO
Authors:   Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Delgadillo Moya Claudio , Cárdenas S. Ángeles ,   Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Published: June 2022

El estado de Guanajuato era virtualmente desconocido desde el punto de vista briológico hasta antes de este estudio. A la fecha se han reconocido 114 especies y taxa subespecíficos de musgos, pero este número parece ser sólo una fracción de una flora previamente mucho más rica. La agricultura, la minería, la industria y otras formas de alteración deben haberla empobrecido y continúan dismnado su biomasa y diversidad. Hay situaciones similares en el trópico americano, por lo que Guanajuato puede servir como caso de estudio para entender los efectos de la alteración ambiental sostenida en la Altiplanicie Mexicana y en otras partes. La lista de especies incluye dos registros nuevos para México: Tortella fruchartii (C.M.) Zand. y Weissia rostellata (Brid.) Lindb. Trabajo escrito en inglés.
Ионно-лучевая литография: моделирование и аналитическое описание поглощенной в резисте энергии
Authors: Шабельникова Я.Л. , Зайцев С.И.
Published: June 2022

The energy deposited in resist during its exposure by ion beam was simulated for ions from a set of rare gases and for gallium. It was shown that the distribution of energy density can be approximated by the product of two Gaussian functions. One of them describes the lateral distribution of energy, the second – the dependence on depth. The widths and centres of these Gaussian functions are determined by the energy length (also mentioned in the literature as "Range" or "mean length of trajectories"), the mass of ions and the average atomic number of resist. The obtained description would make it possible to estimate the size of the resist modified volume for any type of ion with energy of tens keV. So it can be used for a priori estimates of resolution and performance, as well as for the choice of beam energy and ion type based on this.
Исследование и создание широкополосных рентгеновских зеркал со спектральной полосой пропускания, совпадающей с эмиссионными линиями и возможностью фильтрации
Authors: Гарахин С.А. , Дубинин И.С. , Зуев С.Ю. , Полковников В.Н. , Чхало Н.И.
Published: June 2022

The article considers broadband multilayer X-ray mirrors based on Mo/Be and Mo/Si structures with a transmission band coinciding with the Si Lα (13.5 nm) and Sn (13.5 nm) emission lines. The described structures are of great interest for the currently developed liquid source of EUV radiation, since they make it possible to increase the efficiency of the source-X-ray optical system due to the “complete” capture of emission lines.
Методика исследования изменения формы пластин и тонкопленочных мембран с использованием геоморфометрических подходов
Authors: Дедкова А.А. , Флоринский И.В. , Дюжев Н.А.
Published: June 2022

We discuss a technique for investigating changes in complex topography and shape of structures using geomorphometric methods to study surfaces of wafers and membranes formed by the Bosch process. The wafers were analyzed before and after the deposition of the SiO2 layer. The membranes were analyzed during the bulge testing. The study was carried out using maps of the catchment area and principal curvatures taking into account artifacts of the approximation of experimental data. We found a correspondence between the distribution of lines connecting the highest surface areas before and after the deposition of the SiO2 layer on the wafers. For membranes with structure: Al (0.8 μm)/SiO2 (0.6 μm)/Al (1.1 μm), pSi*(0.8 μm)/SiNx (0.13 μm)/SiO2, Al (0.6 μm) – we also found that features of membrane boundaries are mainly caused by their initial shape rather than change under the action of an applied pressure. The advantages of geomorphometry methods for studying changes in the shape of wafers and thin-film membranes in technological processes for the manufacturing of microelectronic devices are shown in comparison with traditional methods for analyzing surface topography maps.
Новая методика термопластического изгиба стекла для изготовления цилиндрических поверхностей зеркал жесткого рентгеновского диапазона
Authors: Ахсахалян А.А. , Ахсахалян А.Д.
Published: June 2022

The paper presents a new technique for thermoplastic bending of glass. The technique makes it possible to produce cylindrical surfaces with a guide in the form of a parabola, ellipse, etc. for mirrors in the hard X-ray wavelength range (λ~0.1 nm). Three samples of the surface of an elliptical cylinder were prepared using this technique. The production time for each sample was two days. The deviation of the guide and its local angle from the calculated values for all samples does not exceed Δy = 0.5 µm and Δα = 7*10-5 rad, respectively. It is shown that when such surfaces are etched for two hours, their accuracy can be improved by more than two orders of magnitude (Δy = 5 nm, Δα = 5*10-7 rad).
Поиск прочных многослойных композиций свободновисящих фильтров с высоким коэффициентом пропускания в диапазоне длин волн "водного окна" (2.3-4.4 nm)
Authors: Барышева М.М. , Гарахин С.А. , Лопатин А.Я. , Лучин В.И. , Малышев И.В. , Салащенко Н.Н. , Цыбин Н.Н. , Чхало Н.И.
Published: June 2022

Some variants of the composition of multilayer absorption film filters with a high transmittance in the spectral region of the “water window” (2.3–4.4 nm) have been considered. Having created an ultimate pressure difference between the sides of free-standing films at which they are damaged, we compared the strength of 100 nm thick Ti-based multilayer filters with Al, Be, C interlayers and 100 nm thick V-based multilayer filters with Al interlayers. Sc and Cr was also considered as interlayers. Among the tested periodic multilayer structures, the best strength characteristics were demonstrated by Ti/Be (with a fraction of Ti in a period of about 0.6) and V/Al (with a fraction of V in a period of about 0.4) multilayer filters. Despite the fact that Ti/Be and V/Al filters are inferior in strength to Ti and V monolayer filters of the same thickness, these multilayer filters may be of interest, since they have either a higher transmittance in the “water window” (Ti/Be) or more high level of blocking of visible radiation (V/Al).
Применение метода GIXRD для исследования нарушенных слоев в керамиках NaNd(WO_4)-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- и NaNd(MoO_4)-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-, подвергнутых облучению высокоэнергетическими ионами
Authors: Юнин П.А. , Назаров А.А. , Потанина Е.А.
Published: June 2022

The technique of grazing incidence X-ray diffractometry (GIXRD) was used to study damaged layers in NaNd(WO4)2 and NaNd(MoO4)2 ceramics irradiated with high-energy ions. The possibilities and applicability limits of the technique for the analysis of such samples are shown. Estimates of the degree of amorphization in near-surface layers of ceramics are given depending on the irradiation dose. The higher resistance of NaNd(MoO4)2 ceramics to external radiation exposure as compared to NaNd(WO4)2 has been demonstrated.
Ионно-лучевая модификация локальных люминесцентных свойств гексагонального нитрида бора
Authors: Петров Ю.В. , Гогина О.А. , Вывенко О.Ф. , Kovalchuk S. , Bolotin K. , Watanabe K. , Taniguchi T.
Published: June 2022

Hexagonal boron nitride is a promising material of modern optoelectronics. Point defects in this material
can serve as single-photon sources. In this paper we investigate the modification of the
luminescent properties of hexagonal boron nitride by means of local irradiation with focused gallium and helium ion beams. It is demonstrated that the intensity of band-to-band cathodoluminescence monotonically decreases with increasing ion fluence for both gallium and helium. The luminescence
band of about 2 eV may become more intense after exposure to He ions with certain ion fluence.
The effect of complete quenching of luminescence after gallium irradiation is used to estimate the diffusion length of excess charge carriers.
Оптимизация технологии изготовления дифракционных Si-решеток треугольного профиля для мягкого рентгеновского и экстремального ультрафиолетового излучения
Authors: Мохов Д.В. , Березовская Т.Н. , Шубина К.Ю. , Пирогов Е.В. , Нащекин А.В. , Шаров В.А. , Горай Л.И.
Published: June 2022

Anisotropic wet etching of vicinal single-crystallyne Si (111)4° wafers was used to obtain blazed gratings with high efficiency for soft X-ray (SXR) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) applications. An improved experimental technology for the fabrication of triangular Si gratings, both medium frequency (250 and 500 mm-1) and high-frequency 2500 mm-1, is presented. The stages of a Cr mask formation for grooves etching, removing Si protrusions in order to smooth the profile, and polishing the surface to reduce nanoroughness are optimized. This work describes the method for simultaneous (in one process) obtaining a smoothed triangular profile of the Si grating and a polished surface of grooves by wet etching.
Оптимизация параметров компактного источника мягкого рентгеновского излучения для работы в диапазоне длин волн 2-5 nm
Authors: Самохвалов А.А. , Сергушичев К.А. , Елисеев С.И. , Бронзов Т.П. , Большаков Е.П. , Гетман Д.В. , Смирнов А.А.
Published: June 2022

This paper presents a compact source of soft X-ray radiation for operation in the wavelength range of 2-5 nm with a pulse repetition frequency of more than 500 Hz. The source parameters were optimized to reduce the intensity of ablation of the discharge volume wall and obtain the maximum intensity of the spectral lines of multicharged ions C V – 4 nm and Ar IX – 4.87 nm. The obtained results can be used in the development of a microscope for the tasks of cell lumen microscopy with nanometer resolution.
Исследование структурных и электрических свойств реконструированной поверхности Si(111) после адсорбции лития
Authors: Цуканов Д.А. , Рыжкова М.В.
Published: June 2022

The results of a study of the crystal structure and surface conductivity of a Si(111) silicon
substrate with a reconstructed surface after deposition of submonolayer doses of lithium are presented.
We used the method of low energy electron diffraction to study changes in the structure of the crystal
lattice of the surface, as well as the four-point probe method for measuring the conductivity of
substrates under in situ conditions. As the initial surfaces, we used the Si(111)7x7 reconstruction
of an atomically clean silicon substrate, and the reconstructions obtained by adsorption of 1 ML of gold,
lead, and bismuth atoms: Si(111)betta-v3xv3-Au, Si(111)1x1-Pb and Si(111)betta-v3xv3-Bi, respectively.
Модель физического распыления аморфных материалов
Authors: Пестов А.Е. , Михайленко М.С. , Чернышев А.К. , Зорина М.В. , Чхало Н.И.
Published: June 2022

The paper demonstrates the pulse mechanism of physical sputtering taking into account the evolution of the surface. The model is based on pulsed energy transfer in collision cascades. The main feature is the consideration of surface roughness. The results of numerical simulation qualitatively coincide with those observed in experiments. It is shown that the angular dependences calculated in the framework of this model have closer values of the sputtering yields to the experimental ones than those calculated in TRIM.
Алмаз-карбид-кремниевый композит "скелетон" как перспективный материал для подложек рентгенооптических элементов
Authors: Зорина М.В. , Михайленко М.С. , Пестов А.Е. , Торопов М.Н. , Чернышев А.К. , Чхало Н.И. , Гордеев С.К. , Виткин В.В.
Published: June 2022

The paper proposes the use of diamond-carbide-silicon composite "Skeleton"® coated with amorphous silicon as substrates for multilayer X-ray mirrors for powerful synchrotron radiation sources (3rd+ and 4th generation). The surfaces with the following parameters were obtained using standard deep polishing methods: flatness at the level of RMS90%=54.2 nm; effective roughness sigmaeff~1.0 nm; high-frequency roughness sigma2х2~0.1 nm.
Полевые эмиттеры электронов с углеродным покрытием
Authors: Бернацкий Д.П. , Павлов В.Г.
Published: June 2022

The properties of field electron emitters made of iridium and rhenium, whose surface is coated with carbon by decomposition of benzene molecules on the surface, are studied. The stability of the emission characteristics and the stability of the obtained emitters to the adsorption of residual gas molecules and ion bombardment are shown. The coating is obtained either in the form of a monoatomic graphene film on the flat faces of the emitter, or in the form of graphite growths. The field electron emission is localized on the edges and corners of the faceted graphite outgrowth. After adsorption of alkaline and alkaline earth metals onto the carbon coating, an abnormally large increase in emissions from flat faces and localization of emissions on graphene-coated faces occurs. The emission amplification occurs in the presence of alkali metal atoms, both on the surface and only under the graphene film.