bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Current Consideration, Approach, and Management in Postcesarean Delivery Pain Control: A Narrative Review
Authors: Sangkum L. , Thamjamrassri T. , Arnuntasupakul V. , Chalacheewa T.
Published: September 2021

Optimal postoperative analgesia has a significant impact on patient recovery and outcomes after cesarean delivery. Multimodal analgesia is the core principle for cesarean delivery and pain management. For a standard analgesic regimen, the use of long-acting neuraxial opioids (e.g., morphine) and adjunct drugs, such as scheduled acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, is recommended unless contraindicated. Oral or intravenous opioids should be reserved for breakthrough pain. In addition to the aforementioned use of multimodal analgesia, preoperative evaluation is critical to individualize the analgesic regimen according to the patient requirements. Risk factors for severe postoperative pain or analgesia-related adverse effects will require modifications to the standard analgesic regimen (e.g., the use of ketamine, gabapentinoids, or regional anesthetic techniques). Further investigation is required to determine analgesic drugs or dose alterations based on preoperative predictions for patients at risk of severe pain. Outcomes beyond pain and analgesic use, such as functional recovery, should be determined to evaluate analgesic treatment protocols.
Neural Network Topology Construction and Classroom Interaction Benchmark Graph Based on Big Data Analysis
Authors: Luan Congcong , Shang Peng
Published: September 2021

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and deep learning in recent years, many universities have put forward the goal of achieving digitalization, intelligent, and education informatization on campus. Throughout the lecture and learning process, the classroom status is an important reference factor to assess students’ acceptance of the course and the quality of lectures. However, at present, classroom status analysis is mainly conducted manually, which can distract teachers’ attention, so it is of great research significance to find a method that can improve the efficiency of classroom status analysis. In this paper, we choose an offline method to analyze the status of a classroom video recording in terms of students’ behavior and attendance in terms of frames, in which student behavior is identified by an improved target detection algorithm and attendance is analyzed by face recognition. By analyzing the structure of the neural network model, an improved neural network model is proposed for its characteristics of a large number of parameters and poor detection of small targets in the basic network. The backbone network is replaced by the improved neural network, and the depth‐separable convolutional network is used to reduce the network parameters and increase the computation speed. The information in the deeper feature map is fused upward into the shallow layer to improve the accuracy of small target recognition. Finally, the optimization algorithm is incorporated into the network to optimize the network model and accelerate the model convergence speed. In addition, this paper incorporates the improved behavior recognition method and face recognition method into the system to realize the analysis of the offline classroom status. The system is divided into a teacher side and a management side, where the teacher side is responsible for uploading course recordings and the management side is responsible for randomly analyzing students’ status and attendance at any time, and the combination of the two forms a convenient and comprehensive classroom status analysis system platform. Users can upload classroom videos through the instructor interface and can view the classroom status analysis results of a course at any time by searching randomly in the administration. In this paper, the classroom status is mainly judged by the recognition of students’ behaviors.
An Update of Anthraquinone Derivatives Emodin, Diacerein, and Catenarin in Diabetes
Authors: Martorell Miquel , Castro Natalia , Victoriano Montserrat , Capó Xavier , Tejada Silvia , Vitalini Sara , Pezzani Raffaele , Sureda Antoni
Published: September 2021

Diabetes is part of metabolic diseases and is characterized by high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period as result of an insulin-deficient production or an inappropriate response to insulin by our cells. This chronic disease was the direct cause of 1.6 million deaths in 2016 as reported by the World Health Organization. Emodin is a natural product and active ingredient of various Chinese herbs with the chemical formula 1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone. Diacerein is another naturally occurring anthraquinone (1,8-diacetoxy-3-carboxyanthraquinone) commonly used as commercial drug to treat osteoarthritis. These two anthraquinone derivatives have been shown to exert antidiabetic activities. Emodin seems to enhance the glucose tolerance and insulin sensibility via activation of PPARγ and modulation of metabolic-related genes. Diacerein seems to decrease inflammatory cytokines and increase insulin secretion enhancing insulin sensibility and therefore improving glucose control. Other naturally occurring anthraquinone derivatives, such as catenarin (1,4,6,8-tetrahydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone), have been shown to have antidiabetic activities although few studies have been performed. The synthesis of new emodin derivatives is increasing, but these new molecules have not been tested for diabetes treatment. In the current work, available literature on anthraquinone derivatives' effects in diabetes disease is reviewed. Moreover, we discuss the chemistry, food sources, bioavailability, and toxicity of the naturally occurring anthraquinone with antidiabetic effects.
Design of RCS Reduction Applied to W-Band Circularly Polarized Antenna Array
Authors: Chen Chun-Hong , Wang Pei-Yang , Chen Jun , Xu Ting
Published: September 2021

A single-layer capsule-shaped polarization conversion metasurface (PCM) is proposed in this paper. In the W-band, its polarization conversion rate (PCR) exceeds 97%, effectively changing the polarization direction of the incident wave. PCM is arranged in a chessboard array to achieve broadband RCS reduction. Placing the PCM array on a circularly polarized sequentially rotated slot antenna array, simulated results show that the radiation characteristics of the antenna array are hardly affected by the PCM array. The results of measurement demonstrate that the RCS of the antenna array with PCM array proposed is reduced by more than 10 dB from 40 to 119 GHz; the relative bandwidth (−10 dB) reaches 96.3%.
Research on the Rock Pressure Behavior at Close‐Distance Island Working Faces under Deep Goaf
Authors: Ma Shoulong
Published: September 2021

In order to realize the safe and efficient mining of the short‐distance isolated island working face under the deep goaf area, the 120502 isolated island working face of Liuzhuang Mine was taken as the engineering background. The method of combining numerical simulation and field measurement were used comprehensively to systematically simulate and study the spatial evolution of the stress field, plastic strain field, and fracture field of coal rock during the mining process. The leading support pressure and the vertical displacement of the roof in the overlapping section and noncoinciding section of the isolated working face and the goaf above were measured on site. The results are that the peak value of the advanced support pressure of the overlap section and the nonoverlapping section is 10 m before the coal wall of the working face; the advanced support pressure of the nonoverlapping section is 33.3 MPa, and the vertical displacement of the roof is 300 mm. The advanced support pressure and the vertical displacement of the roof in the noncoincidence section were significantly higher than those in the coincidence section of 18.2 MPa and 210 mm. The results are consistent with those predicted by numerical simulation. This provides theoretical support for the safe mining of the 120502 isolated island working face in Liuzhuang Mine and, at the same time, provides a reference for the study of similar working faces in other domestic mining areas.
Simple Fabrication of Visible Light-Responsive Bi-BiOBr/BiPO4 Heterostructure with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Wu Chunbei , Zhou Chuxin , Chen Yuanyuan , Peng Zhigang , Yang Jun , Zhang Yuanming
Published: September 2021

A Bi-BiOBr/BiPO4 heterojunction structure was successfully synthesized via a two-step solvothermal method with ethylene glycol as a reducer. Little BiPO4 irregular polyhedrons and little metal Bi spherical nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed on the surface of BiOBr nanosheets with intimate contact and formed a heterojunction structure between BiPO4 and BiOBr. It was found that Bi-BiOBr/BiPO4 had a significant improvement in photocatalytic performance for RhB degradation compared to bare BiOBr and BiPO4. The photocatalytic degradation rate constant of 0.2-Bi/BiOBr/BiPO4 was 1.44 h-1, which was 3.8 times and 14.2 times more than that of bare BiOBr and BiPO4, respectively. This is attributed to the formation of a ternary heterojunction, which benefits the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Furthermore, with the introduction of metal Bi, the SPR effect of metal Bi can effectively improve the absorption ability of Bi-BiOBr/BiPO4 photocatalyst, resulting in enhanced photoactivity. In this work, the mechanism of photocatalytic degradation was studied by using the photochemical technique and the capture experiment of active species, and it was revealed that h+ and ⋅O2- played a major role in the photocatalytic process.
Behavioral Analysis of Subjects for Green Technology Innovation: A Tripartite Evolutionary Game Model
Authors: Guo Yongquan , Zou Hua , Liu Zhu
Published: September 2021

The application of green technologies can reduce environmental hazards and promote sustainability. The connotation of green technology innovation has two main aspects: the first aspect is the generation of green technology from nothing to something, and the other aspect is the improvement and upgrading of existing green technology; these two aspects are related. However, from the existing research, there are relatively few studies on the process of green technology innovation from these two aspects at the same time. If green technology is not studied from this perspective, the evolutionary process and influencing factors of green technology from generation to development cannot be clarified, which is not conducive to the development of green technology and the realization of the goal of environmental friendliness. Research considers the green innovation process from R&D to upgrading linkages and analyses the roles of government departments, green technology R&D institutions, and green technology application enterprises in green technology innovation. In addition, the green technology application enterprises are considered to promote technology enhancement through technology application feedback with green technology R&D institutions. The evolutionary game model of three subjects was established, the strategic evolution process of different subjects was analyzed, the influence of each element on the strategic choice of different subjects was explored, and the stability analysis of strategic choice was conducted using simulation software. The study shows the following: (1) The greater the government’s punishment and support to green technology R&D institutions, the more favorable it is for green technology R&D institutions to carry out green technology R&D. (2) In green technology applications, if the government has no direct interest relationship with green technology application enterprises, the enterprises will choose negative response behavior. (3) The greater the technology enhancement gains of green technology R&D institutions and the greater the feedback gains of technology applications actively carried out by enterprises in response to the government’s call, the more the government departments tend to support green technology R&D.
Firms’ Investment Behaviours in Temperature‐Controlled Supply Chain Networks
Authors: Zhu Mengshuai , Chen Hao , Wang Ximeng , Wang Yonghan , Shen Chen , Zhu Cong
Published: September 2021

Delivering high‐quality food into markets is a vital expectation of modern customers. The significant increase in consumers’ awareness of food freshness, nutrition, and safety makes the temperature‐controlled supply chain (TCSC) the focus of food logistics safety. However, a large number of Chinese companies are still reluctant to invest in the food supply chain, resulting in a high rate of supply chain logistics loss. This research aims to establish an economic model to explain why these companies do not invest and under what conditions they will do. The results show that high economic investment is the main reason that hinders companies’ willingness to build TCSC. Large companies with bigger production are more willing to invest in TCSC than small companies. Besides, larger companies running with high‐quality products could get more profit while small companies operating with normal products are less competitive.
Changing Perspectives of Local Therapists Eight Years after the Implementation of an Occupational Therapy Service in a Unique Himalayan Cross-Cultural Setting
Authors: Scheidegger Gaby , Ting Zhang Ting , Bastiaenen Caroline , Nagler Michael
Published: September 2021

Background. Whether concepts and principles of Occupational Therapy (OT) can successfully be applied to non-Western and cross-cultural settings is being intensively discussed. Aims/Objectives. We explored the changing perspectives of local occupational therapists (OTs) eight years after the implementation of an OT service in a Himalayan cross-cultural setting in terms of (1) treatment applied, (2) professional identity, and (3) cross-cultural interactions. Material and Methods. A qualitative study design was chosen, and semistructured interviews were conducted in all employed practitioners (a) during implementation and (b) eight years later

n
=
7

. Questions were carefully formulated in order to narrow down the intended issues but respecting crosscultural differences. The framework method was implemented for data analysis. Findings. Long-term empowering local OTs resulted in the successful development of a sustainable OT department in a unique Himalayan cross-cultural setting. Practitioners became aware of their therapeutic potentials, a clear sense of professional identity was developed, and it was recognised that sensitive cross-cultural practice is only achieved by an ongoing and intentional cultural learning process. Conclusions and Significance. Our findings suggest that OT can be applied to non-Western cross-cultural settings.
Bacterial Profile, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern, and Associated Factors of Community- and Hospital-Acquired Urinary Tract Infection at Dessie Referral Hospital, Dessie, Northeast Ethiopia
Authors: Adugna Berhanu , Sharew Bekele , Jemal Mohabaw
Published: September 2021

Background. Bacterial urinary tract infection is among the most common community and hospital-acquired infections. Therefore, to know the status of the community and hospital-acquired urinary tract infection, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and associated factors among urinary tract infection profiles are essential to physicians and health workers to implement appropriate intervention. Methods. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 urinary tract infection suspected patients. All isolates were identified by standard microbiological techniques, and their antibiotic susceptibility was done by the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Data were entered using EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS software version 20.

P

value < 0.05 at 95% CI was considered statistically significant. Result. Of 422 urine samples processed, 100 (23.7%) yielded bacterial isolates. About 50(30.7%) and 50(19.3%) were bacterial isolates from the community and hospitalized patients, respectively. E. coli 44/103(42.7%) predominated across the two groups, followed by S. aureus 25/103(24.3%), CONs, 14/103(13.5%), Klebsiella spp. 7/103(6.78), Proteus spp. 3/103(2.91), and Enterococcus spp. 3/103 (2.91%). Pseudomonas spp. 3/103 (2.91), Citrobacter spp. 2/103(1.94%), and Acinetobacter spp. 1/103(0.999), which were isolated from only the hospitalized patients. Meropenem susceptibly was 100% in both study groups and Ampicillin resistance was documented as 83.3% to 100% and 76.9% to 100% in hospitalized and community-acquired samples, respectively. Conclusion. This study found a high prevalence of bacterial urinary tract infection in the study area and a high rate of bacterial resistance was observed to most antimicrobial drugs tested. Meropenem and nitrofurantoin were the most active drugs for urinary tract infections. Therefore, expanding routine bacterial culture and identification with antimicrobial susceptibility testing and strengthening regular surveillance systems are essential for appropriate patient care.
Omphalocele Secondary to Spontaneous Rupture of Allantoic Cyst in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Orlandi Giuliana , Toscano Paolo , Di Meglio Lavinia , Di Meglio Letizia , Di Meglio Aniello
Published: September 2021

Objective. We report the first case in which the onset of omphalocele was after the spontaneous rupture of an allantoic cyst. We hypothesize a causal link between the spontaneous rupture of the cyst and the herniation of the viscera. Case Presentation. A 36-year-old woman was diagnosed with an allantoic cyst during the first trimester. The allantoic cyst underwent spontaneous rupture during the 32nd week of gestation, and an omphalocele developed secondary to the cyst’s rupture. Two days after birth, the peritoneum covering intestinal loops broke spontaneously and the newborn underwent successful urgent surgery. Conclusions. This case may suggest that the relative benignity of the allantoid cysts may recommend a close ultrasound follow-up in order to identify the onset of any complications, as a late third trimester onset of omphalocele. Prenatal diagnosis of such complications may allow multidisciplinary management of the pregnancy with planned cesarean section, prenatal pediatric surgery consultation, and neonatal surgery.
Green versus Chemical Precipitation Methods of Preparing Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Investigation of Antimicrobial Properties
Authors: Bekele Bulcha , Degefa Anatol , Tesgera Fikadu , Jule Leta Tesfaye , Shanmugam R. , Priyanka Dwarampudi L. , Nagaprasad N. , Ramasamy Krishnaraj
Published: September 2021

Comparison of green and chemical precipitation method syntheses of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) was performed, and antimicrobial properties were investigated. Avocado, mango, and papaya fruit extracts were carried out for the green synthesising methods, while the chemical precipitation method was chosen from chemical synthesis methods. Zinc nitrate was used as a salt precursor, whereas leaf extract was served as a reducing agent for green synthesising methods. In addition, sodium hydroxide, polyvinyl alcohol, and potassium hydroxide were used as reducing agents in the case of chemical precipitation synthesis methods. ZnO NPs were characterised by characterizing techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial activities of prepared nanoparticles were evaluated on Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium). The particle sizes of the prepared samples which were evaluated by the Scherrer equation were in the range of 11-21 nm for green synthesis, while 30-40 nm for chemical precipitation synthesis methods. Small agglomerations were observed from SEM results of prepared ZnO NPs from both methods. Prepared ZnO NPs were showed strong antimicrobial properties. From the result, the inhibition zone was in the range of 15-24 mm for the green route and 7–15 mm for chemical precipitation methods, where the standard drugs have 25 mm of the zone of inhibition. A green synthesised method of preparing ZnO NPs gives promising antimicrobial properties compared to chemical synthesis and is also eco-friendly and safe compared to the chemical synthesis.
Hyper IgG4-Related Disease Presenting with Orbital Tumor and Immune Deficiency
Authors: Olson Caroline G. , Olson Nancy Y.
Published: September 2021

We report a case of IgG4-RD in a patient with high IgG4 levels, low functional antibodies, and low IgM levels. He presented with bilateral orbital pseudotumors and, after initial improvement on corticosteroids, relapsed with recurrent pleural effusion and pelvic pseudotumor. He had a grossly elevated serum IgG (1905 mg/dl) with elevations in all IgG subclasses but marked elevation in IgG4 (412 mg/dl), low IgM, and low pneumococcal antibodies. Orbital mass biopsy showed polyclonal lymphocytic infiltration and increased IgG4 plasma cells. The patient was started on prednisone and tried several immunosuppressive medications including mycophenolate mofetil, methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, and azathioprine with decrease in size of the orbital pseudotumor. During a period when the patient stopped his medications, the pseudotumor enlarged with new development of recurrent pleural effusions. He was also found to have a pelvic mass that was biopsy positive for IgG4 proliferation. This case with progression to multiorgan involvement highlights the importance of identifying patients with IgG4-related disease. In contrast to previous cases with normal-to-high IgM, the IgM was low with impaired functional antibodies.
Analysis of the Effect of Robots in the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer Based on Smart Medicine
Authors: Qiu Hongquan , Wang Dongzhi , Miao Haiyan
Published: September 2021

In order to study the effect of robots in the treatment of pancreatic cancer in the context of smart medical, this paper improves the robot recognition technology and data processing technology and improves the system kernel algorithm through the hash algorithm. Unlike the traditional sequencing method that directly uses the gray average value as a feature, the hash algorithm calculates the gray three-average value of each frame block and uses the difference of the three-average value of adjacent frame blocks to perform detection. Moreover, this paper proposes a detection and localization scheme based on hash local matching, which consists of two parts: coarse matching and fine matching. In addition, this paper designs a control experiment to analyze the effect of robots in the treatment of pancreatic cancer, counts multiple sets of data, and uses mathematical statistics to process and visually display the experimental data. The research shows that the robot has a good clinical effect in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Radius Problems for Starlike Functions Associated with the Tan Hyperbolic Function
Authors: Ullah Khalil , Zainab Saira , Arif Muhammad , Darus Maslina , Shutaywi Meshal
Published: September 2021

The aim of this particular article is at studying a holomorphic function

f

defined on the open-unit disc

D
=

z
∈
ℂ
:

z

<
1

for which the below subordination relation holds

z

f

′

z

/
f

z

≺

q

0

z

=
1
+
tan
h

z

.

The class of such functions is denoted by

S

tan
h

∗

.

The radius constants of such functions are estimated to conform to the classes of starlike and convex functions of order

β

and Janowski starlike functions, as well as the classes of starlike functions associated with some familiar functions.
Endophthalmitis following Intravitreal Injection, Cataract Surgery, and Vitrectomy: Clinical Features and Visual Outcomes
Authors: Cunha Ana Maria , Iglésias Maria Manuel , Rocha-Sousa Amândio , Falcão-Reis Fernando , Falcão Manuel
Published: September 2021

Purpose. To describe and compare the clinical features and visual outcomes of endophthalmitis following intravitreal injections (IVI), cataract surgery, and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Methods. This is a single-centre, retrospective study. All included patients had acute postoperative endophthalmitis secondary to one of these three procedures. Visual acuity (VA), comorbidities, time to presentation, and treatment were assessed. The primary outcome was visual outcome. A poor outcome was considered if final VA was worse than or equal to counting fingers (CF) and a good outcome was classified as VA better than CF. Results. Over 12 years, a total of 61 patients were included. Twenty-seven cases were post-cataract endophthalmitis; twenty-five were post-IVI and nine post-PPV. Endophthalmitis post-PPV had a worse visual outcome (88.9% of patients with VA worse than or equal to CF 95% CI 51.3 to 100.0%) than endophthalmitis following cataract surgery (25.9% of patients with VA worse than or equal to CF 95% CI 11.0 to 39.9%) and the IVI subgroup (44.0% of VA worse than or equal to CF 95% CI 24.0 to 67.0%) (

p
=
0.001

and

p
=
0.047

). There were no significant differences in the proportion of patients with a poor visual outcome between endophthalmitis following cataract surgery and IVI (

p
=
0.171

). Conclusions. The number of patients with poor visual outcomes following acute endophthalmitis was similar in endophthalmitis following IVI and cataract surgery, but better than endophthalmitis following vitrectomy.
INK4 Tumor Suppressor Proteins Mediate Resistance to CDK4/6 Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Li Qing , Jiang Baishan , Guo Jiaye , Shao Hong , Del Priore Isabella S. , Chang Qing , Kudo Rei , Li Zhiqiang , Razavi Pedram , Liu Bo , Boghossian Andrew S. , Rees Matthew G. , Ronan Melissa M. , Roth Jennifer A. , Donovan Katherine A. , Palafox Marta , Reis-Filho Jorge S. , de Stanchina Elisa , Fischer Eric S. , Rosen Neal , Serra Violeta , Koff Andrew , Chodera John D. , Gray Nathanael S. , Chandarlapaty Sarat
Published: September 2021

Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) represent a major therapeutic vulnerability for breast cancer. The kinases are clinically targeted via ATP competitive inhibitors (CDK4/6i); however, drug resistance commonly emerges over time. To understand CDK4/6i resistance, we surveyed over 1,300 breast cancers and identified several genetic alterations (e.g., FAT1, PTEN, or ARID1A loss) converging on upregulation of CDK6. Mechanistically, we demonstrate CDK6 causes resistance by inducing and binding CDK inhibitor INK4 proteins (e.g., p18INK4C). In vitro binding and kinase assays together with physical modeling reveal that the p18INK4C–cyclin D–CDK6 complex occludes CDK4/6i binding while only weakly suppressing ATP binding. Suppression of INK4 expression or its binding to CDK6 restores CDK4/6i sensitivity. To overcome this constraint, we developed bifunctional degraders conjugating palbociclib with E3 ligands. Two resulting lead compounds potently degraded CDK4/6, leading to substantial antitumor effects in vivo, demonstrating the promising therapeutic potential for retargeting CDK4/6 despite CDK4/6i resistance.

Significance:

CDK4/6 kinase activation represents a common mechanism by which oncogenic signaling induces proliferation and is potentially targetable by ATP competitive inhibitors. We identify a CDK6–INK4 complex that is resilient to current-generation inhibitors and develop a new strategy for more effective inhibition of CDK4/6 kinases.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 275
Supporting the Next Generation of Scientists to Lead Cancer Immunology Research
Authors: Alspach Elise , Chow Ryan D. , Demehri Shadmehr , Guerriero Jennifer L. , Gujar Shashi , Hartmann Felix J. , Helmink Beth A. , Hudson William H. , Ho Won Jin , Ma Leyuan , Maier Barbara B. , Maltez Vivien I. , Miller Brian C. , Moran Amy E. , Parry Erin M. , Pillai Padmini S. , Rafiq Sarwish , Reina-Campos Miguel , Rosato Pamela C. , Rudqvist Nils-Petter , Ruhland Megan K. , Sagiv-Barfi Idit , Sahu Avinash Das , Samstein Robert M. , Schürch Christian M. , Sen Debattama R. , Thommen Daniela S. , Wolf Yochai , Zappasodi Roberta
Published: September 2021

Recent success in the use of immunotherapy for a broad range of cancers has propelled the field of cancer immunology to the forefront of cancer research. As more and more young investigators join the community of cancer immunologists, the Arthur L. Irving Family Foundation Cancer Immunology Symposium provided a platform to bring this expanding and vibrant community together and support the development of the future leaders in the field. This commentary outlines the lessons that emerged from the inaugural symposium highlighting the areas of scientific and career development that are essential for professional growth in the field of cancer immunology and beyond. Leading scientists and clinicians in the field provided their experience on the topics of scientific trajectory, career trajectory, publishing, fundraising, leadership, mentoring, and collaboration. Herein, we provide a conceptual and practical framework for career development to the broader scientific community.
Comparison of Outcomes between Percutaneous and Surgical Placement of Peritoneal Dialysis Catheters in Uremic Patients: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Huang Linxi , Xue Cheng , Chen Sixiu , Zhou Shoulian , Yang Bo , Ruan Mengna , Qian Yixin , Wu Jun , Zhang Yuqiang , Zhao Xuezhi , Mei Changlin , Xu Jing , Mao Zhiguo
Published: September 2021

Background: The optimal technique for inserting peritoneal dialysis catheters in uremic patients remains debated. This meta-analysis aimed to summarize the current evidence evaluating the efficacy and safety of percutaneous insertion methods compared to surgical methods. Method: A literature search was performed in the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases. The primary outcome was defined as catheter survival. The secondary outcomes were mechanical and infectious complications related to catheter insertion. Results: Twenty studies were finally identified, including 2 randomized controlled trials. The pooled results of catheter survival, overall mechanical complications, and infectious complications were not significant (odds ratio [OR] = 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.76–1.57, p = 0.62; OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.48–1.11, p = 0.14; and OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.37–1.09, p = 0.14, respectively). Comparison stratified by the blind percutaneous method versus open surgery indicated a lower overall number of mechanical complications (OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.31–0.93, I2 = 72%) and malposition rate (OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.34–0.90, I2 = 0%). The leakage rate was higher in the blind percutaneous group than in the open surgery group (OR = 2.55, 95% CI = 1.72–3.79, I2 = 0%); the guided percutaneous method achieved a similar leakage risk to the surgical methods. Conclusions: The blind percutaneous method performed better with fewer overall mechanical complications and less malposition than open surgery. The leakage risk was higher in the blind percutaneous group, while the guided percutaneous placement group showed similar outcomes to the surgical method groups. Percutaneous methods also had a lower infection risk, which needs further evidence to be confirmed.
Pseudoprogression of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor in Patient with Neurofibromatosis Type 1, a Case Report
Authors: Lessing Andrés J. , Cote Gregory M. , DeLaney Thomas F. , Plotkin Scott R. , Raskin Kevin A. , Lessing Juan N.
Published: September 2021

Pseudoprogression, defined as the radiographic false appearance of disease progression, is not frequently observed in patients with malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST). We report on a case of a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) MPNST pseudoprogression that presented as suspected local recurrence 9.5 years after last treatment. The patient underwent surgical resection following growth of a mass on sequential MRI imaging; surgical pathology, however, showed skeletal muscle with atrophy, fibroadipose tissue, and fat necrosis, without any evidence of tumor. As MPNST survival rates increase, physicians should consider pseudoprogression as a potential presentation after prior treatment.
Sustained Complete Remission in Multi-Relapsed Primary CNS Lymphoma Treated with Ibrutinib Monotherapy: A Case Report
Authors: Mair Anna , Muigg Armin , Stockhammer Günther , Mangesius Stephanie , Wolf Dominik , Gunsilius Eberhard
Published: September 2021

Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) is a highly aggressive malignant disease with a high recurrence rate and a poor prognosis. We present the case of a 71-year-old woman diagnosed with PCNSL in June 2010. After 3 relapses and intensive treatment with multiple chemotherapy regimens and whole-brain radiotherapy, she received off-label treatment with the Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib, responded well, achieved a complete remission, and is progression-free for now >3 years.
Comprehensive Analysis of Potential miRNA-Target mRNA-Immunocyte Subtype Network in Cerebral Infarction
Authors: Qi Xiuyan , Lin Huiqian , Hou Yongge , Su Xiaohui , Gao Yanfang
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Cerebral infarction (CI) is one of the leading causes of serious long-term disability and mortality. Objective: We aimed to identify potential miRNAs and target mRNAs and assess the involvement of immunocyte infiltration in the process of CI. Methods: First, miRNA and mRNA data were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, followed by differential expression analysis. Second, correlation analysis between differentially expressed mRNAs and differential immunocyte subtypes was performed through the CIBERSORT algorithm. Third, the regulatory network between miRNAs and immunocyte subtype-related mRNAs was constructed followed by the functional analysis of these target mRNAs. Fourth, correlation validation between differentially expressed mRNAs and differential immunocyte subtypes was performed in the GSE37587 dataset. Finally, the diagnostic ability of immunocyte subtype-related mRNAs was tested. Results: Up to 17 differentially expressed miRNAs and 3,267 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified, among which 310 differentially expressed mRNAs were significantly associated with immunocyte subtypes. Several miRNA-target mRNA-immunocyte subtype networks including hsa-miR-671-3p-ZC3HC1-neutrophils, hsa-miR-625-CD5-monocytes, hsa-miR-122-ACOX1/DUSP1/NEDD9-neutrophils, hsa-miR-455-5p-SLC24A4-monocytes, and hsa-miR-455-5p-SORL1-neutrophils were identified. LAT, ACOX1, DUSP1, NEDD9, ZC3HC1, BIN1, AKT1, DNMT1, SLC24A4, and SORL1 had a potential diagnostic value for CI. Conclusions: The network including miRNA, target mRNA, and immunocyte subtype may be novel regulators and diagnostic and therapeutic targets in CI.
A termografia e o uso de veículo aéreo não tripulado como instrumentos de auxílio no diagnóstico de manifestações patológicas em patrimônio cultural edificado
Authors: Innocencio Camila de Rezende , Salzani Lucca Oliveira , Pereira Thales da Silva Soares , Barbosa Maria Teresa Gomes
Published: September 2021

As dificuldades de acesso à documentação do patrimônio edificado (incluindo técnicas e materiais de construção) é um fator limitante na elaboração das intervenções de conservação e restauração. Sendo assim, o processo de pesquisa deve ser mais minucioso quanto aos agentes causadores das manifestações patológicas e do comportamento dos materiais que os compõem, pois o envelhecimento das edificações, os impactos do entorno e o intemperismo resultam em danos graves à edificação. Assim, é necessária a adoção de novas estratégias para realizar e complementar o diagnóstico do estado de conservação da edificação, incluindo a investigação de pontos de difícil acesso. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho utiliza tecnologias digitais para complementar o diagnóstico do estado de conservação do patrimônio edificado, a capela de Santa Teresinha, localizada no município de Juiz de Fora (MG). A metodologia consistiu em: revisão da literatura; mapeamento de danos por inspeção visual, termografia e VANT (veículo aéreo não tripulado). Por fim, essas tecnologias proporcionaram um diagnóstico mais preciso quanto ao entendimento das características dos materiais e estratégias de intervenções no patrimônio cultural.
Modelagem 3D de edifícios históricos: a influência do LOD no processo de reconstrução virtual
Authors: Vilela João Paulo Chagas Maia , Lopes Ricardo Ferreira , Lima Fernando
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa que investiga a modelagem tridimensional (3D) de edifícios históricos mediante diferentes configurações de LOD (Level Of Detail).  No âmbito do patrimônio virtual, a criação de modelos 3D requer tempo, conhecimento técnico e sobretudo, planejamento. O LOD, neste caso, influencia na construção, representação e processamento dos modelos produzidos. Este estudo tem como objetivo principal investigar como o LOD interferiu no processo de reconstrução virtual de um edifício histórico localizado no município de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil. A metodologia empregada valeu-se da combinação das pesquisas bibliográfica e experimental. Foi utilizada a técnica de modelagem semântica. A modelagem 3D do edifício foi desenvolvida em cinco diferentes LODs, cada qual atrelado às estruturas semânticas da arquitetura investigada. A partir disso, foram coletados quatro dados referentes à modelagem de cada LOD: tamanho do arquivo, tempo de modelagem, tempo de renderização e a quantidade de dados do modelo. Posteriormente, estes dados foram comparados. O experimento demonstrou relação direta entre os fluxos de trabalho e os LODs dos modelos. Acredita-se que ao investigar o processo de modelagem 3D, é possível oferecer suporte a futuros trabalhos da área, bem como ampliar as discussões sobre questões teórico-práticas voltadas à construção de modelos 3D de edifícios históricos.
Aplicações de 3D laser scanning para um (re) inventário digital do patrimônio cultural edificado de Monte Santo, Bahia
Authors: Tirello Regina Andrade , Ferreira Timóteo de Andrade
Published: September 2021

Estudos sobre condições de conservação do patrimônio edificado e reconhecimento da estratificação da morfologia urbana de sítios históricos, visando preservar sua materialidade, imagem e significados, representam temática de crescente interesse científico. Nesta pesquisa toma-se como objeto de estudo a cidade de Monte Santo, Bahia. Em 1983 o local foi reconhecido pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN) como patrimônio nacional pelo seu valor paisagístico, arquitetônico e histórico. Passados 37 anos, a adulteração do conjunto histórico é crescente, expondo a riscos seu ambiente histórico. Para viabilizar novos registros documentais de arruamentos, organização de quadras e tipologias arquitetônicas de uma cidade de topografia e superfícies complexas, optou-se pela adoção de escaneamentos a laser terrestre com tecnologia LIDAR. O emprego do 3D Laser Scanning possibilitou a obtenção de informações tridimensionais qualitativas e métricas precisas, que viabilizaram a construção geométrica de inteiros trechos urbanos (488.000m²), bem como de edifícios singulares para reconhecimento e registro das alterações e permanências do território e do estado de integridade de suas construções.
Planning and co-creation of Quadrilatero Ferrifero cultural landscape
Authors: Moura Ana Clara Mourão , Freitas Christian Rezende , Morais Camila Fernandes , Sena Ítalo Sousa , Casagrande Pedro Benedito
Published: September 2021

The article presents results about Geodesign studies of the Iron Quadrangle (Quadrilátero Ferrífero – QF) that are under development since 2016, based on economic, environmental, and social approaches, with the goal to promote cultural landscape planning based on shared process, giving support to collective and individual opinion making. This paper has the goal do present the Brazilian Geodesign platform, called “GISColab”, that was first tested in QF case study. The QF area is characterized by conflicts of interests due to mining activities, urban growth, cultural heritage landscapes and the presence of areas of environmental protection. QF is especially important as part of the economic structure of the state of Minas Gerais (Brazil) but became globally known due to a couple of environmental disasters that caused the death of almost 300 people. In the first studies we used Steinitz´s framework (2012), but some difficulties in the process were observed, what led to the proposal of a new platform and framework, more adapted to inequalities related to access and use of information, so that people could really act as participants of all the steps. The new web-platform is based on Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI), which receives a considerable amount of data and is open to receive further information via Web Map Service (WMS), which guarantees the users will construct, by themselves, judgments about these areas. It presents a shared process of decision making by digital dialogues, as by voting based on Delphi method. The platform and process are based on geovisualization, interoperability and the co-creation of ideas based on geo-collaboration.
One-Year Committed Exercise Training Reverses Abnormal Left Ventricular Myocardial Stiffness in Patients With Stage B Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Hieda Michinari , Sarma Satyam , Hearon Christopher M. , MacNamara James P. , Dias Katrin A. , Samels Mitchel , Palmer Dean , Livingston Sheryl , Morris Margot , Levine Benjamin D.
Published: September 2021

Background:

Individuals with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and elevated cardiac biomarkers in middle age are at increased risk for the development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Prolonged exercise training reverses the LV stiffening associated with healthy but sedentary aging; however, whether it can also normalize LV myocardial stiffness in patients at high risk for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is unknown. In a prospective, randomized controlled trial, we hypothesized that 1-year prolonged exercise training would reduce LV myocardial stiffness in patients with LV hypertrophy.

Methods:

Forty-six patients with LV hypertrophy (LV septum >11 mm) and elevated cardiac biomarkers (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide [>40 pg/mL] or high-sensitivity troponin T [>0.6 pg/mL]) were randomly assigned to either 1 year of high-intensity exercise training (n=30) or attention control (n=16). Right-heart catheterization and 3-dimensional echocardiography were performed while preload was manipulated using both lower body negative pressure and rapid saline infusion to define the LV end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship. A constant representing LV myocardial stiffness was calculated from the following: P=S×[Exp {a (V–V
0
)}–1], where “P” is transmural pressure (pulmonary capillary wedge pressure – right atrial pressure), “S” is the pressure asymptote of the curve, “V” is the LV end-diastolic volume index, “V
0
” is equilibrium volume, and “a” is the constant that characterizes LV myocardial stiffness.

Results:

Thirty-one participants (exercise group [n=20]: 54±6 years, 65% male; and controls (n=11): 51±6 years, 55% male) completed the study. One year of exercise training increased max by 21% (baseline 26.0±5.3 to 1 year later 31.3±5.8 mL·min
–1
·kg
–1
,
P
<0.0001, interaction
P
=0.0004), whereas there was no significant change in max in controls (baseline 24.6±3.4 to 1 year later 24.2±4.1 mL·min
–1
·kg
–1
,
P
=0.986). LV myocardial stiffness was reduced (right and downward shift in the end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship; LV myocardial stiffness: baseline 0.062±0.020 to 1 year later 0.031±0.009), whereas there was no significant change in controls (baseline 0.061±0.033 to 1 year later 0.066±0.031, interaction
P
=0.001).

Conclusions:

In patients with LV hypertrophy and elevated cardiac biomarkers (stage B heart failure with preserved ejection fraction), 1 year of exercise training reduced LV myocardial stiffness. Thus, exercise training may provide protection against the future risk of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in such patients.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03476785.
Renal Deafferentation Prevents Progression of Hypertension and Changes to Sympathetic Reflexes in a Rabbit Model of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Sata Yusuke , Burke Sandra L. , Eikelis Nina , Watson Anna M.D. , Gueguen Cindy , Jackson Kristy L. , Lambert Gavin W. , Lim Kyungjoon , Denton Kate M. , Schlaich Markus P. , Head Geoffrey A.
Published: September 2021

There is increasing evidence that renal denervation is effective in alleviating hypertension associated with elevation of renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) in chronic kidney disease (CKD), but whether this is due to reduction in renal afferent signaling is unclear. We determined the cardiovascular and sympathetic effects of total renal denervation or afferent renal denervation (topical capsaicin) on CKD induced by glomerular layer lesioning of the left kidney and right nephrectomy in conscious rabbits. CKD increased blood pressure by 18±2 mmHg and plasma creatinine by 40% over 2 to 4 weeks (both
P
<0.001), while RSNA (43%) and total norepinephrine spillover (28%) were elevated in CKD compared with sham (both
P
=0.04). After total or afferent renal denervation blood pressure, RSNA and norepinephrine spillover were similar or lower than non-CKD (sham) rabbits. While plasma creatinine in CKD rabbits was not affected by total renal denervation, deafferented rabbits had lower levels (
P
=0.017). The greater hypotensive response to pentolinium in CKD was also normalized after total or afferent denervation. Heart rate and RSNA baroreflex gain were similar in all groups. The RSNA response to airjet stress was greater in CKD compared with sham but not after total or afferent renal denervation. By contrast, the sympathetic response to hypoxia was similar in sham and CKD intact or deafferented groups but elevated in total denervated CKD animals. We conclude that the elevated sympathetic activity and blood pressure in this model of CKD is predominantly driven by renal afferents.