bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Keadilan Organisasi dalam Penilaian Kinerja terhadap Kepuasan Penilaian dan Kinerja Karyawan
Authors: Masrukin Masrukin , Hubeis Musa , Wijayanto Hari
Published: June 2019

Since 2012, management of PTPN V Pekanbaru implemented a new system of performance appraisal, named Competency-Based Performance Management (CBPM) for replaced the earlier system. The difference between CBPM and the earlier system is CBPM use a set of measured performance indicator, while in the old system, performance appraisal done by graphic rating scale method. One of performance appraisal effectiveness indicator is organizational justice on performance appraisal. The purpose of this study is to analyze organizational justice in performance appraisal and their influence on satisfaction toward performance appraisal and employee’s performance. Data collected from 196 respondents from managerial employee by a set of online questionnaire with purposive sampling’s technique. Descriptive analysis carried out by mean value’s analysis and range’s criteria analysis. Hypothesis testing has done by Structural Equation Modelling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) analysis. The descriptive analysis shows that organizational justice in the performance appraisal had run well and the employees had satisfied toward the performance appraisal. SEM-PLS analysis shows that organizational justice in performance appraisal effect to satisfaction of performance appraisal and employee’s performance significantly. Satisfaction toward performance appraisal does not play a role in mediating the influence of justice in the performance appraisal to employee performance
Perbedaan Efektivitas Pemberian Putih Telur dan Ikan Gabus Terhadap Penyembuhan Luka Perineum Ibu Nifas
Authors: Purnani Weni Tri
Published: June 2019

Luka perineum adalah luka pada perineum karena adanya robekan jalan lahir maupun karena episiotomi pada waktu melahirkan janin. Penyembuhan luka perineum yang lambat dapat meningkatkan resiko terjadinya infeksi, sehingga diperlukan asupan nutrisi khususnya protein yang mendukung pertumbuhan sel baru pada luka perineum. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan kecepatan penyembuhan luka perineum dengan pemberian putih telur dan ikan gabus pada ibu nifas.Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pre eksperimen dengan one-shot case study. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh ibu nifas yang mengalami ruptur perineum. Sampel diambil dengan teknik random simple sampling, dengan responden berjumlah 32. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan instrumen lembar pengumpulan data dan lembar observasi. Variabel bebas dalam peneletian ini adalah pemberian putih telur dan pemberian ikan gabus, variabel terikat dalam penelitian ini adalah penyembuhan luka perineum. Analisis data dengan Uji Mann Whitney Hasil uji Mann Whitney diperoleh Z = -2,626; ρ=0,009 berarti terdapat perbedaan efektivitas pemberian putih telur dan ikan gabus terhadap penyembuhan luka perineum. Putih telur lebih cepat jika dikonsumsi untuk penyembuhan luka perineum. Dengan demikian diharapkan tenaga kesehatan dapat memberikan konseling tentang manfaat putih telur dan ikan gabus secara maksimal sehingga status kesehatan ibu nifas semakin baik
KEMAMPUAN MEMILIH KATA SISWA KELAS XI MADRASAH ALIYAH MUHAMMADIYAH BANJARMASIN (THE ABILITY OF ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF MADRASAH ALIYAH MUHAMMADIYAH BANJARMASIN IN SELECTING WORDS)
Authors: Zulkifli Zulkifli
Published: June 2019

Kemampuan Memilih Kata Siswa Kelas Xi Madrasah Aliyah Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin.Laporan penelitian yang berjudul Kemampuan Memilih Kata Siswa Kelas XI Madrasah AliyahMuhammadiyah Banjarmasin merupakan hasil penelitian yang peneliti lakukan berdasarkan sumberdata berupa karangan siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menemukan kemampuansiswa kelas XI Madrasah Aliyah Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin dalam memilih kata dari segi ketepatanmakna, kebenaran bentuk, kelaziman penggunaannya, dan kevariasian penggunaan kata di dalamkarangan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan teknik tes mengarang. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan siswa dalam memilih kata masih belum memadai.Para siswa belum memahami sepenuhnya makna kata, perubahan bentuk kata, dan memvariasikanpenggunaan kata di dalam karangannya. Para siswa disarankan untuk terus meningkatkan penguasaandan perbendaharaan kosa katanya, Guru diharapkan lebih banyak memberikan latihan mengarangkepada para siswanya dan mendorong para siswa untuk lebih rajin membaca. Dengan banyaknyapengalaman baca, para siswa dapat bertambah perbendaharaan kosa katanya.Kata-kata kunci: kemampuan, memilih kata, siswa
REPRESENTASI KARAKTER CINTA INDONESIA DALAM NOVEL KAKI LANGIT TALUMAE DAN PENGEMBANGANNYA SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN (REPRESENTATION OF NATIONALISM IN NOVEL KAKI LANGIT TALUMAE AND ITS DEVELOPMENT AS A LEARNING MEDIA)
Authors: Anggraini Purwati
Published: June 2019

Representation of nationalism in Novel Kaki Langit Talumaea and its Development as a LearningMedia. This article aims to describe the character of Indonesian love of the main character in the novelKaki Langit Talumae as a material for the development of teaching materials of literary appreciation.This research is a qualitative research. Based on the analysis, there are several characters shown by themain characters, among whom love the homeland, hard work, democratic, curiosity, respect achievement,responsibility, social care, religious, creative, tolerance, the spirit of nationalism, love to read, and lovepeace. All the characters that appear is a form of Indonesian love character shown by the main character.Representation of characters of this main character can be used for the development of teaching materialsof Literature Appreciation courses, one of them is as a medium of learning.Key words: Indonesian love character, Kaki Langit Talumae, learning mediaAbstrakRepresentasi Karakter Cinta Indonesia dalam Novel Kaki Langit Talumae dan PengembangannyaSebagai Media Pembelajaran. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan karakter cinta Indonesiatokoh utama dalam novel Kaki Langit Talumae sebagai bahan pengembangan bahan ajar apresiasisastra. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Berdasarkan analisis, ada beberapa karakter yangditunjukkan oleh tokoh utama, di antaranya cinta tanah air, kerja keras, demokratis, rasa ingin tahu,menghargai prestasi, tanggung jawab, peduli sosial, religius, kreatif, toleransi, semangat kebangsaan,gemar membaca, dan cinta damai. Semua karakter yang muncul merupakan wujud karaktercinta Indonesia yang ditunjukkan oleh tokoh utama. Representasi karakter tokoh utama ini dapatdipergunakan untuk pengembangan bahan ajar mata kuliah Apresiasi Sastra, salah satunya adalahsebagai media pembelajaran.Kata-kata kunci: Karakter cinta Indonesia, Kaki Langit Talumae, media pembelajaran
KAJIAN JENIS, FUNGSI, DAN MAKNA MANTRA DAYAK NGAJU (THE STUDY OF TYPES, FUNCTIONS, AND MEANINGS OF DAYAK NGAJU MANTRAS)
Authors: Fransusi Fransusi
Published: June 2019

AbstrakKajian Jenis, Fungsi, dan Makna Mantra Dayak Ngaju. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1)untuk mengidentifikasi dan mendeskripsikan jenis dan struktur mantra Dayak Ngaju, (2) untukmengidentifikasi dan mendeskrisikan fungsi mantra Dayak Ngaju, dan (3) untuk mengidentifikasidan mendeskripsikan makna mantra Dayak Ngaju. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif.Jenis penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian lapangan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian iniadalah metode deskriptif. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa teks mantra Ngaju yang diperoleh darihasil wawancara dengan masyarakat Dayak Ngaju di Desa Kayu Bualan kecamatan Kapuas Tengah35kabupaten Kapuas propinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Peneliti sendiri menjadi instrument dalam penelitianini dan teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mencatat dan merekam mantra yang diucapkaninforman. Hasil analisis menemukan bahwa Mantra Dayak Ngaju memiliki berbagai jenis, fungsi,dan makna, yakni (1) berdasarkan jenis dan strukturnya memiliki jenis mantra adat istiadat, mantrapengobatan, mantra pelindung. Mantra-mantra tersebut memiliki struktur yang berbentuk terikat danberbentuk bebas. (2) fungsi mantra Dayak Ngaju adalah untuk memberikan rasa aman dari roh halusatau gaib, untuk memperkuat doa pada ritual manajah antang, untuk untuk mendapatkan hewanburuan, untuk memanggil roh-roh leluhur pada ritual adat Sangiang, untuk mengembalikan roh-rohleluhur pada ritual adat Sangiang, untuk mengobati luka/ menghentikan pendarahan, untuk mengobatiberbagai macam rasa sakit, untuk mengobati penyakit medis ataupun non-medis yang disebabkan olehgangguan makhluk halus, untuk melindungi diri sendiri dari segala bahaya, untuk melindungi rumahdari niat jahat orang lain, untuk pemikat diri agar menjadi perhatian orang lain, untuk memikat lawanjenis. (3) makna mantra Dayak Ngaju berkenaan dengan hubungan manusia dengan Tuhan, berkenaandengan hubungan manusia dengan roh-roh leluhur, makhluk halus, jin, ataupun orang gaib, berkenaandengan hubungan manusia dengan sesamanya, berkenaan dengan hubungan manusia dengan dirisendiri, dan berkenaan dengan hubungan manusia dengan alam sekitar.Kata-kata kunci: mantra dayak ngaju, jenis, fungsi, makna
ONLINE SHOPPING REGISTERS ON SOCIAL MEDIA APPLICATIONS (REGISTER JUAL BELI ONLINE PADA APLIKASI MEDIA SOSIAL)
Authors: Noorahim Wenny
Published: June 2019

AbstractOnline Shopping Registers on Social Media Applications. Registers is a variation of language used ina particular field in which applied in the use of selling and purchasing transaction language. Therefore,this study examines (1) the process of morphology registers in online shopping, (2) the registers syntaxstructure in online shopping, and (3) the variations of registers stylistic form in the online shopping onsocial media application. This research uses qualitative descriptive approach. Data and source of data ofthis research is in a written speech form which taken from sellers and buyers who communicate duringonline shopping transaction. Data collection technique uses observation method through intensivereading and writing techniques. Data analysis techniques of this research are through three steps suchas reduction data, presentation data and conclusion. The results obtained are as follows. First, themorphology process found in the registers includes (1) affixation, (2) reduplication, (3) composition, and(4) abbreviation. Second, the syntactic structure found in the register is in the form of ellipsis sentenceswith the subject delegation, predicate and subject with predicate. Third, the form of stylistic variationsfound in the registers include (1) code mixing, (2) interference, and (3) the use of casual variety.Key words: registers, registers morphology, registers syntax, variations of registers stylisticAbstrakRegister Jual Beli Online pada Aplikasi Media Sosial. Register merupakan variasi bahasa yangdigunakan dalam bidang tertentu yang salah satunya penggunaan bahasa dalam jual beli. Olehsebab itu, penelitian ini mengkaji tentang (1) proses morfologis register jual beli online, (2) struktursintaksis register jual beli online, dan (3) wujud variasi stilistik register jual beli online pada beberapaaplikasi media sosial. Peneltian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Data dan sumberdata penelitian ini ialah tuturan tertulis dari penjual dan pembeli yang berkomunikasi selama prosesjual beli online berlangsung. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode simak melalui teknikpembacaan intensif dan pencatatan. Teknik analisis data melalui langkah reduksi data, penyajian datadan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah sebagai berikut. Pertama, prosesmorfologis yang ditemukan meliputi; (1) afiksasi, (2) reduplikasi, (3) komposisi, dan (4) abreviasi.Kedua, struktur sintaksis yang ditemukan berupa kalimat elipsis dengan pelesapan subjek, predikatserta subjek dan predikat. Ketiga, wujud variasi stilistik yang ditemukan meliputi; (1) campur kode, (2)interferensi, dan (3) penggunaan ragam santai.Kata-kata kunci: register, morfologis register, sintaksis register, variasi stilistik register
ETNOPEDAGOGI DALAM KUMPULAN CERPEN RAK-RAK GUI KALUMPU KISAH RANDAH BASA BANUA (ETNOPEDAGOGY IN COLLECTION OF SHORT STORIES RAK-RAK GUI KALUMPU KISAH RANDAH BASA BANUA)
Authors: Azijah Sari Noor
Published: June 2019

AbstractEtnopedagogy in Collection of Short Stories Rak-rak Gui Kalumpu Kisah Randah BasaBanua. Ethnopedagogi is ethnically educational, ethnopedagogical education makes localwisdom a source of such empowerment that can be empowered. Local wisdom here can beconcepts of life, facts that develop for generations, beliefs etc. While ethnopedagogi ismeant in this research is about the use of terms or concepts that exist in life that grows inthe community of Banjar Ulu associated with the value of Relevant, Environmental,Aesthetic, Economic and Health contained in a collection of short stories Rak-Rak GuiKalumpu Kisah Randah Basa Banua. The data writing technique used in this study is toread the story again and collect quotations that contain ethnopedagogy, then conductinterviews directly with Kandangan people about the understanding of the existingquotations. The results of this study found (1) etnopedagogi related to elements of trust,(2) etnopedagogi related to environmental elements, (3) etnopedagogi related to aestheticelements, (4) etnopedagogi related to economic elements, and (5) etnopedagogi related tohealth elements contained in a collection of short stories Rak-rak Gui Kalumpu Story ofBanua Basa Randah.Key words: ethnopedagogy, elements, trust, environmental, aesthetic, economic, healthAbstrakEtnopedagogi dalam Kumpulan Cerpen Rak-rak Gui Kalumpu Kisah Randah BasaBanua. Etnopedagogi adalah pendidikan etnik, pendidikan etnopedagogis yangmenjadikan kearifan lokal sebagai sumber pemberdayaan yang dapat diberdayakan.Kearifan lokal di sini dapat berupa konsep kehidupan, fakta yang berkembang darigenerasi ke generasi, keyakinan, dan lain-lain. Sedangkan ethnopedagogi yang akandibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah tentang penggunaan istilah atau konsep yang adadalam kehidupan sehari-hari yang tumbuh dan berkembang di masyarakat Banjar Uluyang terkait dengan nilai kepercayaan, lingkungan, estetika, ekonomi dan kesehatan yangterkandung dalam kumpulan cerita pendek Rak-Rak Gui Kalumpu Kisah Randah BasaBanua. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengancara membaca cerpen berulang-ulang dan mengumpulkan kutipan-kutipan yangmengandung etnopedagogi, lalu kemudian melakukan wawancara langsung kepadaorang-orang Kandangan tentang pengertian dari kutipan-kutipan yang ada. Hasil daripenelitian ini menemukan (1) Pendidikan etnik terkait dengan unsur kepercayaan, (2)29pendidikan etnik terkait dengan unsur lingkungan, (3) pendidikan etnik terkait denganunsur estetika, (4) pendidikan etnik terkait dengan unsur ekonomi,dan (5) pendidikan etnikyang terkait dengan unsur kesehatan yang terkandung dalam kumpulan cerpen Rak-rakGui Kalumpu Kisah Randah Basa Banua.Kata-kata kunci: etnopedagogi, unsur, kepercayaan, lingkungan, estetika, ekonomi, kesehatan
NILAI KARAKTER DALAM TEKS LAGU BANJAR (THE CHARACTER VALUE ON THE TEXT OF THE BANJARESE SONG)
Authors: Rusma Noortyani Erni Rohliyani Zulkifli
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Character Value on the text of the Banjarese Song. This research aims to knowingthe character values in the Banjar’s text song and the application of the character’svalues in social life. The method in this research is a qualitative method with contentanalysis method. This research type is documentation with technique that is datacollecting, selecting data, analyzing data in table, and concluding data. By using thismethod is expected the research can produce the purpose which with what is expectedresearcher. Researcher take data as much as 10 song text Banjar. Data’s sorce takendoes not consider who sing and create that Banjar’s song. The character valuecontained in the Banjar’ text song refers to 18 characters values, which are: religious,honest, toleracet, discipline, hard work, creative, independent, democratic, curiosity,nationality’s spirit or nationalism, love of the country, appreciate the achievement,communicative, like in peace, like to read, cares to environment, cares to social, andresponsibility. Character value’s form in social life depends on awareness-self inimportance to be a moral nation generation, good morals, and self responsible, social,and nation.Key words: character value, banjarese songAbstrakNilai Karakter dalam Teks Lagu Banjar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuinilai-nilai karakter dalam teks lagu Banjar dan penerapan (wujud) nilai-nilai karakteritu dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. Metode dalam penelitian ini merupakan metodekualitatif dengan metode analisis isi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah dokumentasi denganteknik pengumpulan data yaitu (1) pengumpulan data, (2) penyeleksian data, (3)menganalisis data dalam tabel, dan (4) menyimpulkan data. Dengan menggunakanmetode ini diharapkan penelitian dapat menghasilkan tujuan yang sesuai dengan apayang diharapkan peneliti. Peneliti mengambil data sebanyak 10 teks lagu Banjar.Sumber data yang diambil tidak mempertimbangkan siapa yang menyanyikan danpencipta lagu Banjar tersebut. Nilai karakter yang terdapat dalam teks lagu Banjarmengacu kepada 18 nilai karakter, yaitu: religius, jujur, toleransi, disiplin, kerja keras,kreatif, mandiri, demokratis, rasa ingin tahu, semangat kebangsaan atau nasionalisme,cinta tanah air, menghargai prestasi, komunikatif, cinta damai, gemar membaca, pedulilingkungan, peduli sosial, dan tanggung jawab. Wujud nilai karakter dalam kehidupanbermasyarakat bergantung kepada kesadaran diri akan pentingnya menjadi generasibangsa yang bermoral, berakhlak baik, dan bertanggung jawab terhadap diri sendiri,masyarakat, dan bangsa.Kata-kata kunci: nilai karakter, lagu banjar
The Effectiveness of the Use of Nurse Safety Booklet on Nurse Knowledge in Ergonomic Injury Prevention in BIMA Hospital
Authors: Haris A. , Haris Abdul
Published: June 2019

Safety has become a global issue in various sectors, including the health services sector. The hospital is one of the health service organizations that is guided to continuously improve quality by building safer and safer health services so as to get customer loyalty. Hospital staff is a major component of quality management in one of the indicators in evaluating hospital accreditation. This research uses a quasi-experimental research design pre and posttest with control group. Quasi experiment research is a study that tests an intervention in a group of research subjects and then measures the results of the intervention. Samples in this study are all nurses who are in the room of the General Hospital, Surgery and ICU Bima Hospital, which are 50 people. The results showed the results of different tests using paired t-test p value = 0.000 which can be concluded that there are differences between the intervention group and the control group, seen from the value of the difference in the intervention group is greater than the difference in the control group can be interpreted as education using more booklets affect the increase in nurse knowledge. The conclusion in this study was that there were significant differences in nurses' knowledge after being given education using pre and post intervention booklets between the intervention and control groups (p = 0.000).
Findings from a Pilot Led Bulb Exchange Program at a Neighborhood Scale
Authors: Witt Sadie M. , Stults Shelby , Rieves Emma , Emerson Kevin , Mendoza Daniel L.
Published: June 2019

In the U.S. 44% of low-income households struggle to pay their utility bills, affecting their ability to afford necessities such as food and health expenses. Several government and utility funded energy efficiency programs exist to assist those experiencing energy insecurity. In Salt Lake City, Utah, there is a high demand for, but low availability of, energy efficiency services in underserved neighborhoods creating an opportunity for creative community-based programs to fill this inherent gap. This pilot project, involving the exchanging of LED bulbs in Salt Lake City, highlights the development of a community-based energy efficiency program that aims to bring energy savings to a uniquely targeted portion of the city and determines its feasibility in addressing energy insecurity at a larger scale. Through the 8-month project duration, 1,432 bulbs were exchanged at 23 events reaching 181 households in low-income areas. Through a year of use, these bulbs are estimated to save residents approximately 18,219 USD in electricity bills and reduce CO2 emissions from power plants by 122.23 metric tons, in addition to a savings of 4,400 USD in social cost of carbon as defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Since this pilot reached less than 1% of households, we extrapolated a reach of 2%, 5%, and 7.5% and found substantial potential decreases in power plant emissions and financial savings. As this project is ongoing and being expanded, we discuss relevant findings that will help shape future community-based models so that they are appropriately deployed and more effective in alleviating local energy insecurity.
A Protocol for Extraction of Infective Viromes Suitable for Metagenomics Sequencing from Low Volume Fecal Samples
Authors: Deng Ling , Silins Ronalds , Leonardo Castro Mejia Josue , Kot Witold , Jessen Leon , Thorsen Jonathan , Shah Shiraz , Stokholm Jakob , Bisgaard Hans , Moineau Sylvain , Nielsen Dennis
Published: June 2019

The human gut microbiome (GM) plays an important role in human health and diseases. However, while substantial progress has been made in understanding the role of bacterial inhabitants of the gut, much less is known regarding the viral component of the GM. Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses attacking specific host bacteria and likely play important roles in shaping the GM. Although metagenomic approaches have led to the discoveries of many new viruses, they largely remain uncultured as their hosts have not been identified, which hampers our understanding of their biological roles. Existing protocols for isolation of viromes generally require relatively high input volumes and are generally more focused on extracting nucleic acids of good quality and purity for down-stream analysis and less on purification of still infective viruses. Here we report the development of an efficient protocol requiring low sample input yielding purified viromes containing still infective phages which also are of sufficient purity for genome sequencing. We validated the method through spiking of known phages followed by plaque assays, qPCR and metagenomic sequencing. The protocol should facilitate the culturing of novel viruses from the gut as well as large scale studies on gut viromes.
Utilization of Chicken Feather Biomass As Metal Zinc Adsorbent (Zn2+)
Authors: Noer Hidayat Djama’an , Maming Maming , Liong Syarifuddin
Published: June 2019

Chicken feather is a waste that can be used as an alternative to adsorbents that can be used to overcome environmental pollution in waters containing heavy metal pollutants, especially on metal Zn (II) ions, Biomass Chicken Feathers using NaOH and Na2SO3 as adsorbent activation and proven using FTIR spectrophotometer . The metal adsorbent of Zn (II) ion by chicken feather biomass has been influenced to the variation of pH of the solution, mass of adsorbent, contact time, and concentration of chicken feather biomass. The method used is the method of "batch" and the metal concentration of Zn (II) ions measured by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Optimal variations that have been achieved under conditions of pH 6, adsorbent mass 0.7 gram, contact time for 80 minutes, and optimal concentration at 100 ppm with absorption of Zn (II) metal on chicken feather biomass of 6.04 mg/g. The metal adsorbent Zn (II) using chicken feather biomass is more in line with the Langmuir isothermal model with an adsorption capacity (Qo) value of 6.45 mg/g.
A moralidade na principiologia da atuação governamental
Authors: Ferreira Sérgio De Andréa
Published: June 2019

1 A moralidade no elenco dos princípios constitucionais. 2 A moralidade pública como sinônima de honestidade. 3 A agregação ao conceito de moralidade administrativa, da noção de 'boa administração': A moral institucional. 4 O abuso de poder como forma de imoralidade administrativa. 5 A ilegitimidade como expressão o mau uso do poder discricionário. 5 A moralidade administrativa como bem juridicamente tutelado pela ação popular..Dir
A constitucionalização das regras da Administração Pública e o controle do Poder Judiciário
Authors: Mattos Mauro Roberto Gomes de
Published: June 2019

1 Considerações iniciais - 2 Princípios constitucionais como diretrizes fundamentais da administração - 3 A constitucionalização das regrasda administração pública e o controle do poder judiciário - 4 Conclusão
Prevalence of HIV, syphilis, and assessment of the social and structural determinants of sexual risk behaviour and health service utilisation among MSM and TG in Terai highway districts of Nepal: Findings based on an Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance survey using respondent driven sampling
Authors: Storm Margrethe , Deuba Keshab , Damas Jose , Shrestha Upendra , Rawal Bir , Bhattarai Rajan , Marrone Gaetano
Published: June 2019

Background: MSM and TG in Nepal experience considerable discrimination and marginalisation: they are subject to abuse from legal authorities and suffer from mental health issues and substance abuse. This study aims to assess the prevalence of HIV and syphilis, in addition to how individual and socio-structural factors influence sexual risk behaviour and health care service uptake, among MSM and TG in the Terai highway districts of Nepal.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in June 2016 among MSM and TG in eight Terai highway districts of Nepal, recruiting 340 MSM and TG through respondent driven sampling. The primary outcome variables were HIV and syphilis prevalence. The secondary outcome variables were sexual risk behaviour and health care service uptake. Logistic regression models were used to assess the individual and socio-structural determinants of sexual risk behaviour and health care service uptake.

Results: The prevalence of HIV among MSM was 5%, whereas it was 13% in TG. The prevalence of active syphilis was 4% in the MSM group and 11% among TG. Among TG, 76% were involved in sex work, and 51% reported having experienced discrimination in one or more settings. In multivariable analysis, having visited an outreach centre was positively associated with condom use in the most recent sexual encounter among both MSM (AOR: 5.37, 95% CI: 2.42 - 11.94, p<0.001) and TG (AOR: 2.81, 95% CI: 1.30 – 6.09, p=0.009). Moreover, in the multivariable regression model assessing factors associated with visited outreach center among MSM, respondents that reported they had been forced to marry a female were 3 times more likely to have visited an outreach centre. Among TG, being open towards family about sexual identity/behaviour were positively associated with having visited an outreach centre.

Conclusions: The high prevalence levels of HIV and syphilis, as well as indicators of marginalisation and discrimination among TG, highlights the increased burden TG in Nepal are facing and the need for tailored interventions for this group. Moreover, since health care service uptake seems to be an important factor in determining sexual risk behaviour among MSM and TG in Nepal, outreach services should be scaled up.
The advantages and disadvantages of short- and long- read metagenomics to infer bacterial and eukaryotic community composition
Authors: Pearman William S , Freed Nikki E , Silander Olin K
Published: June 2019

Background

The first step in understanding ecological community diversity and dynamics is quantifying community membership. An increasingly common method for doing so is through metagenomics. Because of the rapidly increasing popularity of this approach, a large number of computational tools and pipelines are available for analysing metagenomic data. However, the majority of these tools have been designed and benchmarked using highly accurate short read data (i.e. illumina), with few studies benchmarking classification accuracy for long error-prone reads (PacBio or Oxford Nanopore). In addition, few tools have been benchmarked for non-microbial communities.

Results

Here we use simulated error prone Oxford Nanopore and high accuracy Illumina read sets to systematically investigate the effects of sequence length and taxon type on classification accuracy for metagenomic data from both microbial and non-microbial communities. We show that very generally, classification accuracy is far lower for non-microbial communities, even at low taxonomic resolution (e.g. family rather than genus).

Conclusions

We then show that for two popular taxonomic classifiers, long error-prone reads can significantly increase classification accuracy, and this is most pronounced for non-microbial communities. This work provides insight on the expected accuracy for metagenomic analyses for different taxonomic groups, and establishes the point at which read length becomes more important than error rate for assigning the correct taxon.
Analysis of differentially expressed genes during embryogenesis in ovary culture of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Deng Ying , Fu Wenyuan , Tang Bing , Tao Lian , Zhang Lu , Zhou Xia , LI Ji , Chen Jinfeng
Published: June 2019

Background: Ovary culture has been a useful way to generate double haploid (DH) plant in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). However, the rate of embryo induction is low, and the probability for the induced embryo to grow into normal embryo is low as well. This is largely due to unknown of the mechanism of embryogenesis in cucumber. In this study, the differentially expressed genes during embryogenesis, including the early stages of embryo formation, embryo maturation and shoot formation, was investigated with transcriptomic technique to set up basis for a more efficient ovary culture technology
Results: Cytological observations led to suggestions that cell enlargement is the symbol that gametophytes had switched to the sporophyte development pathway during the early embryogenesis stage. In this stage, RNA-seq revealed 3468 up-regulated genes, including hormone signal transduction genes, hormone response genes and stress-induced genes. The reported embryogenesis-related genes BBM, HSP90 and AGL were also actively expressed during this stage.
The total of 480 genes that function in protein complex binding, microtubule binding, tetrapyrrole binding, tubulin binding and other microtubule activities were continuously up-regulated during the embryo maturation stage, indicating that the cytoskeleton structure was continuously being built and maintained by the action of microtubule-binding proteins and enzyme modification during embryo development.
In the shoot formation stage, 1383 genes were up-regulated, which were mainly enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, phenylalanine metabolism, and starch and sucrose metabolism. The shoot formation stage might be regulated by 6 transcription factors that contained a B3 domain, 9 genes in the AP2/ERF family and 2 genes encoded WUS homologous domain proteins.
Conclusions: Findings from this study offer a valuable framework for explaining the transcriptional regulatory mechanism underlying embryogenesis in cucumber ovary culture.
Study protocol of the multi-centre, randomized controlled trial of the Frankfurt Early Intervention Program A-FFIP versus early intervention as usual for toddlers and preschool children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (A-FFIP study)
Authors: Kitzerow Janina , Hackbusch Matthes , Jensen Katrin , Kieser Meinhard , Noterdaeme Michele , Fröhlich Ulrike , Taurines Regina , Geißler Julia , Nicole Wolff , Roessner Veit , Bast Nico , Teufel Karoline , Kim Ziyon , Freitag Christine M.
Published: June 2019

Background: Naturalistic developmental behavioural interventions (NDBI) have been shown to improve autism-specific symptoms in young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). NDBI approaches, such as the ASD-specific Frankfurt Early Intervention Program for ASD (A-FFIP), are based on ASD-specific developmental and learning aspects. A-FFIP is a low-intensity, cost-effective intervention which can easily be implemented in the local health care / social welfare system. The aim of the present study is to establish one-year efficacy of the manualised early intervention program A-FFIP in toddlers and preschool children with ASD. It is hypothesized that A-FFIP will result in improved ASD-specific symptoms compared to early intervention as usual (EIAU). Child and family specific secondary outcomes, as well as moderators and mediators of outcome will be explored. Methods/design: A prospective multi-centre, parallel-group, randomized, controlled, phase-III trial comparing A-FFIP versus EIAU. A total of 134 children (A-FFIP: 67, EIAU: 67) aged 2;0–5;6 years meeting criteria for ASD (DSM-5) will be included. The primary outcome is the absolute change of the total score of the Brief Observation of Social Communication Change (BOSCC-AT) between baseline and 12 months after begin of the interventions. The treatment effect will be tested adjusted for relevant covariates applying a mixed model for repeated measures. Secondary outcomes are BOSCC social communication and repetitive behaviour scores, single ASD symptoms, language, cognition, psychopathology, parental well-being and family quality of life. Predictors, moderators and mediating mechanisms will be explored. Discussion: If efficacy of the manualised A-FFIP early intervention is established, the current study has the potential to change clinical practice strongly towards the implementation of cost-effective evidence based early intervention in ASD. Early intervention in ASD requires specialist training, which subsequently needs to be developed or included into current training curricula.
Tumor necrosis factor-α 308 G>A polymorphism and retinopathy risk in diabetes mellitus: an updated meta-analysis
Authors: Gao Wenna , Zhu Ruilin , Du Jiantong , Yang Liu
Published: June 2019

Background

Growing evidence has indicated that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a candidate for increasing risk of diabetic retinopathy. Lots of researches have suggested that the variation of the TNF-α gene promoter may play a vital role in the risk of this disease. To solve this issue more clearly, we performed an updated meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship of TNF-α -308 G>A polymorphism with diabetic retinopathy in diabetes mellitus.

Methods

Literatures were retrieved in a systematic manner and analyzed using STATA Statistical Software. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were adopted to estimate the strength of association.

Results

Eight studies with 1, 698 cases and 2, 064 controls were included. Genotypic and allelic comparisons between cases and controls were evaluated. Integral analysis shows a marginal association of the TNF-α -308 A allele polymorphism with diabetic retinopathy. Additionally, in stratified analysis by ethnicity, an association among the European population was found.

Conclusions

Our meta-analysis proved that -308 A allele polymorphism in the TNF-α gene potentially raised the risk of diabetic retinopathy and presented a differential frequency in distinct ethnicities.
Effectiveness of a health education program to improve health literacy among females in their 20s: A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Kawata Shiho , Saito Emiko
Published: June 2019

Background

Japanese women cervical cancer rates are rising aged 20-30 years, few opportunities for sex education of appropriate for age are provided to females. Health literacy (HL) is an important concept in women’s health. To improve HL for cervical cancer prevention, we developed a health program for females in their 20s. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the program.

Methods

A quasi-experimental design with control groups was conducted on female undergraduate students. The inclusion criteria for both groups were: (i) Japanese females, (ii) aged 20 years or older. The sample size for each group was set at ≥13 people based in a previous study. The participants were evaluated HL variables: HL scale score, confidence in explaining one’s own body to a medical practitioner (Y/N), knowledge of women’s health, and indicated whether they had undergone cervical cancer screening. Assessments were conducted baseline and 6 months after (follow-up) the program was implemented. Analysis of the results consisted of calculating intergroup comparisons of HL variables at follow-up using the Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher’s exact test or chi-square test.

Results

14 students for the intervention group participated in the study, while 60 students for the control group participated. Intergroup pair matching using the variables of concern for one’s own body and HL scale score yielded a total final analysis population of 28 participants (n=14 in each group). Comparison of both groups at follow-up revealed a significant difference in median HL scale score, at 66 in the intervention group versus 60 in the control group (P=.002), also a significant difference in the percentage of participants who felt confident in explaining their own body to a medical practitioner (P<.001), and median knowledge score was 16 in the intervention group and 14 in the control group, which was significantly different (P=.008). There were no significant intergroup differences in cervical cancer screening behaviors.

Conclusions

The results indicated that the program was effective in improving HL, but was not effective in changing cervical cancer screening behavior. Further research is needed to determine how to provide appropriate sex education among females in their 20s.
Did ‘Kin-based Societies’ Exist? On the (De)Construction of an Anthropological Concept
Authors: Ivanović Zorica
Published: June 2019

Concept of a ‘kin-based society’ relies on the assumption that, in stateless societies, kinship served as a fundamental and sufficient principle of social and political organization. Developed within the evolutionary paradigm, this concept has acquired different forms during the discipline’s history, depending on the theoretical orientation of various anthropologists and their understanding of the notion of ‘kinship’. Speaking from significantly different theoretical positions, anthropologists ranging from Rivers to Malinowski and Radcliffe-Brown, to Evans-Pritchard, Fortes and Levi-Strauss, all maintained that kinship formed a basis of social organization, although they did not always agree on the definition of the concept and the type of kinship relations that had this special quality of integrating and organizing the whole of society.

The debates were primarily about whether it was consanguinity or affinity that served as a fundamental factor of forming and reproducing social relations. As modern anthropology rejects the idea that kinship relations can form the basis for social, economic and political integration in any type of society, including those without the state, class or caste system, this article considers the assumptions underpinning the construction of the concept witch for long played such an important role in the discipline’s knowledge but later came to be seriously challenged.
Technology, Theosophy, Theology: The Religious Character of UFO Movements
Authors: Sinani Danijel
Published: June 2019

This paper considers the most important factors that have played a role in the emergence and development of UFO religiosity and UFO alternative religious movements, from occult, spiritualist and theosophical teachings, to alternative ideas and debates on the origin of mankind. By analyzing the basic theological premises, the paper discusses the basic religious and culturological paradigms to be found in UFO movements. It also shows how a major part of their corpus can be recognized in existing "traditional" religious groups, and suggests that UFO religions represent just another variation on the numerous concepts that offer answers to key existential questions.
SOCIAL WORK WITH A DEPRESSED CLIENT
Authors: Šuľová Michaela
Published: June 2019

Mental health is a fragile area. One of the frequent psychical illnesses is depression which means decline, uneasiness, anxiety. Many people develop a psychical illness during their life, whereby the triggering mechanism can be different stressful situation. Thus, many people with psychical illness become clients of social services facilities. This way the client comes into contact with social workers, which should be ready for their work (or rather mission) professionally and personally. They should be familiar with a range of approaches, methods and techniques, which they can implement based on the client’s individual needs within social intervention, in order to improve the client’s quality of life. The aim of our research is to determine what approaches and methods are used in social work with depressed clients. As a research method we use the analysis of professional materials and case studies, which focused on the application of methods of social work with clients with depression. The article has theoretical and research parts. In the theoretical part we introduce the diagnostics and symptoms of depression. In the research part we analyze the approaches and methods, used in social work with a depressed client. Then we present case studies, which are focused on the application of methods of social work with clients with depression.
Establishment and Validation of Nutrient Expert System for Radish Fertilization Management in China
Authors: Zhang Jiajia , Ding Wencheng , He Ping , Xu Xinpeng , Abbas Tanveer , Ullah Sami , Ai Chao , Li Mingyue , Cui Rongzong , Jin Chongwei , Zhou Wei
Published: June 2019

Imbalanced nutrient application has resulted in low productivity and nutrient use efficiency (NUE) for radish (Raphanus sativus L.) production in China. This study aims to introduce a science‐based, cost‐effective, and reliable nutrient management approach to resolve the problem. A radish database from 247 published and unpublished studies with on‐farm experiments from 2000 to 2017 in the main radish‐producing regions in China was established to develop Nutrient Expert (NE) system for radish nutrient management and field experiments were conducted to evaluate its feasibility. The relationships among indigenous soil nutrient supply, yield response (YR), agronomic efficiency (AE), and relative yield were investigated for the establishment of NE system. Results showed that the average indigenous supply of N, P, and K in soil was 118.7, 28.2, and 208.8 kg ha–1, respectively. The mean YR of radish to N, P, and K was 17.7, 10.4, and 10.3 t ha–1, respectively; while the AE of them was 104.7, 105.0, and 69.5 kg kg–1. Significantly negative exponential relationship between YR and indigenous nutrient supply and linear correlation between YR and relative yield were observed. Results demonstrated a quadratic curve relationship between YR and AE. The NE system for radish was developed based on YR and AE, and field experiments validified that NE system significantly enhanced fleshy root yield of radish, profitability, and NUE over those obtained under farmers’ practices (FP). The NE system for radish demonstrated a promising method and will assist Chinese radish growers in achieving effective fertilizer use and higher yield goals.

Core Ideas

Soil indigenous nutrient supply, yield response, and agronomic efficiency were analyzed in radish‐producing regions.

The relationships among yield response, indigenous nutrient supply, and agronomic efficiency were determined.

Nutrient Expert for radish was first established based on yield response and agronomic efficiency.
Soil Microbial Communities on Roughs, Fairways, and Putting Greens of Cool‐Season Golf Courses
Authors: Allan‐Perkins Elisha , Manter Daniel K. , Jung Geunhwa
Published: June 2019

The microbial communities of golf courses provide many ecosystem functions and could be leveraged to provide better N fertility, biocontrol, and thatch degradation. However, little is known about soil bacterial and fungal communities on golf courses or how management affects them. We used metagenomics to identify the soil‐inhabiting bacteria and fungi among three management areas receiving few (roughs), moderate (fairways), and high (putting greens) inputs on three golf courses to determine how management intensity affects these organisms. Based on β diversity estimates, microbial communities on putting greens were more similar to each other than to the other areas of the golf courses. There were few significant differences in pathogens, biocontrol organisms, xenobiotic detoxifiers, or N‐cycling bacteria among management areas, suggesting soil turf bacteria are resilient to changes from management inputs. Fungal abundance, diversity, and pathogens were significantly affected by management areas, suggesting these organisms respond more drastically to management inputs. This is the first report using metagenomics to describe microbial communities on all three management areas of golf courses, including those managed organically. Our results provide insight on microbial community composition on golf courses, adding to a better understanding of perennial turf phytobiomes and how management intensity affects overall community composition.
Edscottite, Fe5C2, a new iron carbide mineral from the Ni-rich Wedderburn IAB iron meteorite
Authors: Ma Chi , Rubin Alan E.
Published: June 2019

Edscottite (IMA 2018-086a), Fe5C2, is a new iron carbide mineral that occurs with low-Ni iron (kamacite), taenite, nickelphosphide (Ni-dominant schreibersite), and minor cohenite in the Wedder-burn iron meteorite, a Ni-rich member of the group IAB complex. The mean chemical composition of edscottite determined by electron probe microanalysis, is (wt%) Fe 87.01, Ni 4.37, Co 0.82, C 7.90, total 100.10, yielding an empirical formula of (Fe4.73Ni0.23Co0.04)C2.00. The end-member formula is Fe5C2. Electron backscatter diffraction shows that edscottite has the C2/c Pd5B2-type structure of the synthetic phase called Hägg-carbide, χ-Fe5C2, which has a = 11.57 Å, b = 4.57 Å, c = 5.06 Å, β = 97.7 °, V = 265.1 Å3, and Z = 4. The calculated density using the measured composition is 7.62 g/cm3. Like the other two carbides found in iron meteorites, cohenite (Fe3C) and haxonite (Fe23C6), edscottite forms in kamacite, but unlike these two carbides, it forms laths, possibly due to very rapid growth after supersaturation of carbon. Haxonite (which typically forms in carbide-bearing, Ni-rich members of the IAB complex) has not been observed in Wedderburn. Formation of edscottite rather than haxonite may have resulted from a lower C concentration in Wedderburn and hence a lower growth temperature. The new mineral is named in honor of Edward (Ed) R.D. Scott, a pioneering cosmochemist at the University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, for his seminal contributions to research on meteorites.