bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mg(OH)2 as Alkaline Source in Peroxide Bleaching of Wheat Straw Pulp
Authors: Lin Ben Ping , Liu Yan Lan , Chen Ke Fu
Published: May 2011

The present work sought to make a contribution to the study on application of Mg(OH)2 in peroxide bleaching of the wheat straw soda-AQ pulp. The results showed that: (1) for an unbleached pulp, when 24-73% of the NaOH was replaced with Mg(OH)2, a higher brightness and viscosity were achieved comparing to the NaOH as the sole alkaline source. The brightness and viscosity of the bleached pulp at 48% of Mg(OH)2 replacement were respectively 6.4%ISO and 107 mL.g-1 higher than those of the NaOH as the sole alkaline source. (2) for a chelated oxygen-delignified pulp, the brightness of bleached pulp at 24% Mg(OH)2 replacement was considerable to that of the NaOH as the sole alkaline source, and at 48% Mg(OH)2replacement 2.8% ISOlowerthan that of the NaOH as the sole alkaline source. While the viscosity increased consistently with the increase of Mg(OH)2, and the COD load of bleaching filtrates at 24-48% Mg(OH)2 replacement was lower 22-31% than that of the NaOH as the sole alkaline source. Therefore, partial substitution of Mg(OH)2 for NaOH had positive effects on peroxide bleaching of wheat straw soda-AQ pulp.
Antioxidant Activity of Soybean Peptides
Authors: Sui Xiao Nan , Jiang Lian Zhou , Li Yang , Liu Wen
Published: May 2011

This experiment contrasted the hydrolytic effect of SPI among the six different proteolytic ferments and the Alcalase basic protein which can produce the best antioxygen peptide, the optimization technology condition of hydrolytic SPI determined by orthogonally experimentation: concentration of substrate 7.0%, the dozes of enzyme 9000U/g substrate, temperature 52.5°C, pH 8.5, the reaction time 5h. The antioxygen activity of hydrolysis product is researched from the capability of cleaning OH·, the capability of cleaning O2-· and the capability of inhibiting ROO·. After hydrolyze of 5h, the OH· inhibition ratio of the production is 36.43%, the activity of cleaning O2-· of the production is 317.73U/g, the ROO· inhibition ratio of the production is 46.24%.
Investigation of Cotton Dyeing with Enzyme-Oxygen-Pretreatment/Reactive Dyes in one-Bath
Authors: Wang Jun Hua , Di Jian Feng , Jia Yong Tang
Published: May 2011

Desizing-scouring-bleaching-dyeing of cotton fabrics in one-bath was discussed in this paper. The appropriate reactive dyes, refined enzyme and H2O2elimination agent and dyeing technology parameters were selected preciously and the optimum conditions were obtained: H2O2(30%) 4 g/L, refined enzyme 2 g/L, Na2SiO32g/L, Peregal O 1 g/L, bath ratio 1:20, scoring and bleaching at 95°C for 45min. Then, adding sulfourea 12g/L, controlling pH 7, adding reactive red dye 3BS 3% in raffinate, dyeing at 35°C for 30min and fixing at 70°C for 30 min. Compared the one-bath process with the traditional one, the former can get similar performance on dyeing. In addition, the former shows such advantages as short time, high efficiency, low energy consumption and reduced sewage emission. “One-bath” dyeing process is a promising approach to replace the old one.
Absorption Equilibrium and Thermodynamics of Fenugreek Yellow Pigment on Macroporous Resins
Authors: Han Feng , Li Wen Hong , Tang Xuan , Li Dong
Published: May 2011

The adsorption equilibrium and thermodynamics of pigment extracted from Fenugreek after degumming on macroporous resins was investigated under differentinitial concentrations. The suitability of the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models to the equilibrium data was investigated. The model fitness was determined byR2. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated by the Van’t Hof equation.The results showed that Freundlich model gave a better fit of adsorption isotherms than Langmuir models. The positive value of enthalpy(∆H) indicated that the adsorption was endothermic, the negative value of Gibbs free energy (∆G) showed the spontaneous and favoured nature of adsorption, and the entropy(∆S) was positive.The resins LS-46 showed an effective adsorbtion for Fenugreek yellow pigment.
Pilot-Scale Study on Composite Fluidization Mode in Semidry FGD with Circulating Fluidized Beds
Authors: Hao Xiao Wen , Ma Chun Yuan , Ma Hong Liang
Published: May 2011

Difficulties such as deviation of flow field, ununiformity of axial velocity and temperature often appeared in semidry FGD with circulating fluidized beds. These caused lower desulfurization efficiency and were important reasons for particles adhering to wall. The composite fluidization mode of swirl-once through flow in DCFB-FGD was applied in a 145MW unit to the difficulties. As a result, uniformity of axial velocity and temperature for composite fluidization mode in the experimental diameters are better than that of traditional venturi fluidization mode. Desulfurization efficiency of composite fluidization mode is increased with Ca/S molar ratio increased and approach to adiabatic saturation temperature decreased. The desulfurization efficiency can be higher than 90% at lower Ca/S molar ratio and higher approach to adiabatic saturation temperature. System can operates stable for long time with a little phenomena of particles adhering to wall. So it suits the request of the semidry FGD with circulating fluidized beds and has better foreground. Introduction
Nickel-Containing Effluent Reclaming by Bipolar Membrane-Electrodeionization Process
Authors: Dong Heng , Wang Jian You , Lu Hui Xia , Yu Hong Bing
Published: May 2011

Electrodeionization(EDI) is an electro-membrane process with high efficiency for deep desalinating, where water dissociation mechanism occurring on the surface of ion exchange membranes and resins typically exsits and acts. But when used to treat heavy metal-containing solutions such as effluents from the electronic industry, the EDI will suffer from metal-hydroxides precipitation which would destroy the separation process irreversible. With the primary aim to solve that problem, an electrodeionization process coupled with bipolar membrane (BMEDI) was developed together with a preacidification method. The effects of separating and concentrating heavy metal ions by the BMEDI were studied with NiSO4 solution containing 24 mg×L-1 Ni2+ ions. The results suggested that, the nickel-concentration in the dilute products were both below the analysis limit at constant current densities of 40 mA·cm-2 and 10 mA·cm-2, while a concentration factor of 31 was achieved at 40 mA·cm-2. In addition, no Ni(OH)2 precipitation was found in all the compartments throughout the experiments, which provide a guarantee of good stability for long-time operation.
Novel and Efficient Co-Mo/V2O5 Composite Catalysts for the Selective Oxidation of Cyclohexane
Authors: Song Hua , Jin Zai Shun , Lv Qiang , Guan Ming
Published: May 2011

A new type composite catalyst of V2O5 comprising Co-Mo/V2O5 was prepared by immersion method and characterized by XRD. The characteristic peaks of CoMoO4(2θ=28.51°) and CoMoO3(2θ=18.06 °)are both observed in the XRD patterns of Co-Mo/V2O5(5%, 20%) catalysts. The oxidation of cyclohexane with hydrogen peroxide was used as a probe reaction to investigate the effects of some conditions, such the sort and volume of solvent, catalyst amount, oxidant amount, reaction temperature and time, on reaction. Using 0.5 ml of cyclohexane, 10 ml of acetonitrile, 3 ml of hydrogen peroxide and 0.03 g of catalyst at a reaction temperature of 55°C for 3 h, the cyclohexane conversion was 32.3% and the total selectivity to cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone was 100%.
Preparation of H5PMo10V2O40 /SBA-15 Catalyst and Application in Synthesis of Tributyl Citrate
Authors: Hu Bing , Hu Chuan Qun , Nie Long Hui , Fan Ming Xia
Published: May 2011

The heteropoly acid catalyst of H5PMo10V2O40 supported on SBA-15 mesoporous mole-cular sieve was prepared by an impregnation method and characterized by nitrogen physisorption, FT-IR,SEM, and used in catalytic synthesis of tributyl citrate. The results show that the heteropoly acid catalyst has fine dispersion characteristics, structural stability, high catalytic activity and better reusability.
GC-MS Analysis on Heartwood Extractive Chemical Components of Different Provenances Teak（Tectona Grandis L.f.）
Authors: Xie Cheng Ping , Li Kai Fu , Lin Jin Ling , Li Jian Bian
Published: May 2011

Teak (Tectona grandisL.f) is decay resistance and natural durability. These advantages are relationship with inclusion of teak. For breeding, planting, and the wood used to its best advantage by the end-user, further information concerning the heartwood extractive chemical of different provenances teak is necessary, However, because of limitation of analytical instruments, the extractive chemical components of teak centre on decay resistance relationship with napthoquinone, tectoquinone, and so on, nobody systematacially analyzed heartwood extractive chemical components of different teak. We analyzed and contrasted extractive chemical components of three provenances teak heartwood(Indian, Thailand and Nigeria), and found 109 peak and 74 compounds was identified, the same compounds of 3 provenances were 27. The main compounds were Mequinol, 1,2-benzenediol, 1(3H)-Isobenzofuranone, Vanillin, 1,4-Naphthalenedione, Naphthalene, 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a- octahydro-7-methyl-4-methylene-1- (1- methylethyl), Cyclohexane, 1-ethenyl-1-methyl- 2-(1-methylethenyl)-4- (1- methylethylidene)-, 4,6-Dimethoxysalicylaldehyde, 2-Propenal, 3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-, 4-((1E)-3-Hydroxy -1-propenyl) -2-methoxyphenol, 1H-Imidazole, 1-ethyl-, 2-Methylisoborneol, Phthalic acid, phenyl 2-pentyl ester, 1,4-Naphthalenedione, 2-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-, [1,1'-Biphenyl]-2-ol, 5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, 9,10- Anthracenedione, 2-methyl-, 1-Hydroxy-4-methylanthraquinone, Indane-1,3-dione, 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)- 2H-Benzopyran - 2-one, 4-methyl-3-phenyl-, 9,10-Anthracenedione, 1,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-, 2-(Hydroxymethyl) anthraquinone, 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-, Benzofuran-3-one, 2-[3-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzylidene] -6-hydroxy-, Squalene, .gamma.-Sitosterol, 9,19-Cyclolanost-24-en-3-ol, (3.beta.)-, Cholest-8(14)-en-7-one, (5.alpha.)-.
Analysis of Characters and Structures of Polylactic Fiber
Authors: Du Zhao Qun , Xu Yun , Yu Wei Dong
Published: May 2011

Polylactic fiber is a new environment-friendly fiber and has wide application, while there are few studies on its characters and structures. The main content in present paper is to analyze element content and functional group as well as thermal properties. The elementary analysis method shows that the contents of C, H and O elements are 49.83%, 5.63% and 44.54%, respectively; it has good accordance with the theoretical results. Gas chromatography mass spectrum method proves that the functional groups of PLA fiber are lactide and acetaldehyde as well as 2,3-pentanedione, and whose total content is larger than 70%. IR spectroscopy depicts that there exist significant absorbing peaks by -C=O-, -C-O-, -OH- within 1000cm-1-1300cm-1, and -C=O- within 1000cm-1-1300cm-1. The absorbing peak of ultraviolet spectrum is 260 nm avelength. Crystallinity is 61.72% and orientation degree is 93.36% and 84.30% in Full Wave at Half Maximum and in Area calculations based on X-ray. These results will be greatly helpful in the qualitative analysis and indectification of Polylactic fiber.
Study on the Influence of Linting and Picking of Paper
Authors: Wang Qin Wen , Fu Shi Yu , Chen Gang
Published: May 2011

Five offset papers were applied to analyze the influences of the linting and picking problem based on the measurement of paper moisture, tightness, fiber composition and fiber length. The results showed that under the same conditions of paper making with the same raw materials, the printing surface strength increased and linting and picking problem reduced when the paper moisture or tightness are appropriately increased. The paper made with wood materials has a better surface strength and printability than bamboo and straw. The paper which contain less tiny fibers and long fibers, but more medium fibers is less likely to cause the problem of linting and picking.
Application of near Infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis in the Forest Products Industry
Authors: Jin Li Qiang , Xu Qing Hua
Published: May 2011

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has received a great deal of attention in forest products industry. The physical, mechanical and chemical properties of inorganic materials can be predicted using the NIR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis (MVA). NIR spectroscopy is suitable for quantitative analysis, especially the process monitoring and quality control. The present paper reviews the application of NIR spectroscopy and MVA in the forest products industry, such as tree improvement and silviculture, pulp and paper, lumber products and the online monitoring.
Rendering Rayon Fibres Antimicrobial and Thermal-Responsive via Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly of Functional Polymers
Authors: Pan Yuan Feng , Xiao Hui Ning
Published: May 2011

A thermal-responsive polymer was prepared by partially acetalyzing poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The completely reversible polymer aggregation and dissolution occur above and below a low critical solution temperature (LCST) for the aqueous solution of the modified PVA. The partially acetalized PVA (APVA) with higher molecular weight and higher degree of acetalysis exhibited a lower LCST transition and was used as an anionic polymer for polymer complexation. Water-soluble polymer, cationic polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (CPHGH) with antimicrobial property, was also prepared. In conjunction with APVA, CPHGH created the unique antimicrobial polymer multilayers on the surfaces of rayon fibres via layer by layer (LbL) assembly. AFM images revealed that the particles generated by multilayers became larger after the material was treated at 60°C; while the roughness of the surfaces was increased as the layer number increased and then decreased. Moreover, antimicrobial tests also demonstrated that the rayon fiber assembled with (CPHGH/APVA) multilayers exhibited higher antimicrobial activity against E. coli and s. aureus.
Effect of Hot Water Pre-Extraction on APMP Pulping Process of Pink Sheets Bamboo
Authors: Song Xue Ping , Lin Ji Zhen , He Hui , Meng Xue Mei , Wang Shuang Fei
Published: May 2011

In this paper, the technology of pressurized hot water extraction of hemi-cellulose and the effects of the pre-extraction on APMP pulping process of the Pink Sheets bamboo are investigated. The results show that the yields of pentosan and bamboo chip are the highest under the conditions of the maximum temperature 170 °C, liquid ratio 1:5, holding time 2h. And the yield of bamboo chip is lowered generally, the color of bamboo is deepened, the pulp strength is degraded, but the refining energy is reduced largely after pre-extraction.
Synthesis and Spectral Properties of PH Fluorescent Probes Based on Distyryl Ketone
Authors: Xu Xue Tao , Zhang Kun , Du Zhi Yun , Lu Yu Jing , Zhang Rui Rui , Zhu Hua
Published: May 2011

Five phenolic hydroxyl-substituted distyryl ketones had been synthesized, characterized and evaluated as pH-dependent fluorescent probes for basic conditions.
The Effects of the Hollow Plastic Pigment on the Print Properties of High Light Ink_jet Paper
Authors: Yang Yan Zhao , Zhao Chuan Shan , Wang Jing Jing , Cui Jian Tong
Published: May 2011

Traditional cast coated glossy photo paper production process due to its characteristics that the water evaporates from non-coated cast side, so the coating speed is slow, ground paper is non-waterproof paper, therefore the paper products are easy to transmutative, as the cast shows that the formation of dense coatings membrane, the lower ink absorption. To solve such the problems, a novel porous ink receiving layer constituted by a litter amount of a hydrophilic binder(PVA) and a cross-linking agent, a large amount of inorganic pigment(SiO2) and a hollow structural plastic pigment. In this paper, the effects of the hollow structural plastic pigment rheological properties of the color and the printing and preservation properties of ink jet paper were investigated. Because of the thermoplasticity of the plastic pigment the calendering and dry technology were also studied. From the viewpoint of water-fastness and preventing the penetration of binder, the resin coated paper(being so-called RC paper) is selected as the substrate.
The Preparation and Property of Organic Solvent Lignin and PVC Composite Materials
Authors: Ping Qing Wei , Xiao Jing , Zhao Jian
Published: May 2011

The organic solvent lignin in this paper was extracted from the scrap liquid of the reed ethanol pulping. The attained lignin was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope（SEM）.On this basis，the lignin is blended with PVC and other auxiliaries, PVC/lignin composite material is prepared by pressure molding. The mechanical performance index of PVC/lignin composite material is detected and the impact fracture morphology of the PVC/lignin composite material is observed by SEM photograph. According to the research, it is indicted that the lignin and PVC has a certain degree of compatibility. The less dosage of lignin, the better compatibility lignin and PVC performances. With the increasing of dosage of lignin, the impact strength, tensile strength and bend strength of PVC/lignin composite material decrease. Compared with 5 phr PVC/lignin composite material, the dispersed phase diameter of the impact fracture morphology of 20 phr PVC/lignin composite material becomes bigger, and the uniformity of distribution becomes worse.
Effects of Paper Properties on Printing Dot Gain and Color Gamut
Authors: Yang Yong Gang , Gao Qiao Zhuo , Liu Fu Ping
Published: May 2011

The properties of art paper and offset paper were measured, including whiteness, smoothness, gloss and absorbability. And these paper samples were printed using machine proofing with the uniform printing processes. Dot percentage and the tri-stimulus values (X, Y and Z) of dot areas and solid areas were tested with the spectrophotometer X-Rite 530 on the print paper samples. At last, dot gain curve and chromatic diagram were drawn after data analyzing and processing, and then the influences of paper properties on printing dot gain and gamut of color were analyzed. The results showed less dot gain value and greater gamut of color occurred because of higher smoothness, gloss, whiteness and lower absorbability to art paper when the printing conditions were definite, so the dot reproduction quality on the surface of art papers was better. But which of the above-mentioned were opposite to offset papers.
The Study of a Kind of New Synthetic Paper Coating Thickness Agent
Authors: Wang Hong Zhen , Zhao Chuan Shan , Yu Shu Hui
Published: May 2011

In this paper, Water glass and sulfuric acid were used as raw materials to do the synthesis of hydrated silica by the method of precipitation, and then hydrated silica is applied in paper coating. By examining the changes of the coated paper’s various properties to study the effects of different reaction conditions to the final products. And then we obtained a optimal synthesis conditions: sulfuric acid concentration 25%, reaction time 50min, reaction temperature 80°C, sodium silicate modulus 2.8, stirring speed 150r/min, the relative amount of sodium sulfate content compared to SiO2 is 25% .And at last the outward appearance of the hydrated silica and the structural changes in paper coating were observed by scanning electron microscopy.
The Study on Refining of Masson’s Pine Kraft Pulps for Sack Paper
Authors: Lan Jia Liang , Ma Le Fan , Li Zheng Guo , Wang Fu Ji , Liu Bian Chu
Published: May 2011

High consistency refining (HCR) and low consistency refining (LCR) of unbleached Masson’s pine kraft pulps for sack paper were studied in this article. The properties of their refined pulp and handsheet were analyzed comparatively. The results showed a high consistency refining was more suitable for sack paper with unbleached Masson’s pine kraft pulp than a low consistency refining. High consistency refining is of advantage to retain the fiber length. The tear index of the handsheet of high consistency refining were higher than that of low consistency refining. The TtensileT TenergyT Tabsorption (TEA)T index and air permeability of the handsheet of high consistency refining which were crucial properties of sack papers were better, though higher tensile index could be obtained with low consistency refining.
Componential Analysis of Esterified Bio-Oil Prepared from Pyrolysis of Rice Stalk
Authors: Lu Yao , Zong Zhi Min , Liu Fang Jing , Wang Shou Ze , Qing Yu , Yue Xiao Ming , Sun Bing , Wei Xian Yong
Published: May 2011

Bio-oil, with high oxygen-containing character, which was prepared from flash pyrolysis of rice stalk powders, was upgraded by the method of catalytic esterification with methanol. The esterified oil was distilled stepwise from 60 °C to 105 °C, and the fractions were analyzed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) for the distribution of species. It was found that 58% of the components were detected in the fraction of 60 °C-80 °C, with 1,1-dimethoxypropan-2-one was the most abundant species. The residue, in which the boiling point of species were higher than 105 °C were resolved in acetone, and also analyzed with GC/MS. The results showed that phenols are the most abundant species, and following the ketones and hydrocarbons.
Research on the Color Models of the Heat Transfer Printing Paper
Authors: Guo Ling Hua , Zhang Mei Yun , Guo Xin Hua , Zhu Qian
Published: May 2011

The heat transfer printing is a new application of printing to textile industry. At present, there are no unified standards and parameters. In this paper, The parameters such as printing density, printing color gamut, the color efficiency of heat transfer printing papers and fabrics are tested. The evaluated printing quality parameters are put forward, therefore the reference standards are provided the reliable guidance for the heat transfer printing industry.
Enhance Characteristics of Paper Surface with Cationic Hemicelluloses
Authors: Liu Yu Xin , Sun Bing , Hu Hui Ren , Chen Ke Li
Published: May 2011

In this paper, the hemicelluloses was extracted by alkali from aspen, then it was made to be surface enhance agent by cationic modification. The original and modified hemicelluloses were characterized by FT-IR and GC. The effect of hemicelluloses species, content and treatment time on the strength of paper were studied. The results showed that the optimum content of cationic hemicelluloses for surface enhance was 6% at 35°C for 15s. In the conditions, the tensile strength and crushing strength were increased by more than one time. Compared with the original hemicelluloses, when substitution degree of the cationic hemicelluloses was higher than 0.03, the modified hemicelluloses with better quality of surface enhance.
Research Progress on Inherently Conducting Polymer Coated Paper
Authors: Qian Xue Ren
Published: May 2011

In recent years, conductive paper produced by in-situ chemical polymerization of pyrrole and aniline in aqueous electrolytes has aroused a great interest. The in-situ chemical polymerization process is a process in which a monomer such as aniline or pyrrole is polymerized in the presence of pulp fibers. This approach can not only impart to paper specific functions, but also provide a new possibility for the processing and utilization of conductive polymers. In this paper, the research progress on inherently conducting polymer coated paper was overviewed.
Study on Model of Dot Gain in Ink-Jet Printing
Authors: Qu Zhen Cai , Chen Guang Xue , Tang Bao Lin , Wen Shuang Shuang
Published: May 2011

Ink-jet printing is a non-contact printing, drops are jetted on the substrates to form images through the nozzles at a certain speed. Dot is the smallest unit in printing; the qualities of printing are seriously affected by dot gain. Ink spreading and penetration are discussed in this paper, influences on dot gain in ink-jet printing are studied, the original Young's equation and Washburn formula are theoretically amended, more scientific and rational models and formulas are obtained in the actual process of ink-jet printing, which offers reference standard and theoretical basis to improve the quality of ink-jet printing.
Action Mechanism Analysis of Enzymatic Refining for Bleached Simao Pine Kraft Pulp
Authors: Zhang Zheng Jian , Hu Hui Ren
Published: May 2011

Cellulase is potential tool for modification of pulp properties to save energy requirement during refining process. In this paper, bleached Simao Pine kraft pulp was treated with NOV476 cellulase under different enzyme dosage for action mechanism analysis. Pulp viscosity was measured to evaluate the damage of fiber by enzyme. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was performed to study the enzyme treatment on the pulp chemical structure and crystallinity index. The fiber morphology difference before and after treatment was also revealed by the SEM and AFM observation. When the cellulase dosage was lower than 1u/g, the fiber mean length slightly increased. With the further increase of cellulase dosage beyond 1u/g, the fiber mean length was less reduced than the control sample. The fiber mean width increased steadily after enzyme treatment in the dosage range of 0~0.1 u/g. Enzyme treatment did change the fiber chemical structure and crystallinity index through FT-IR analysis. With the increase of NOV476 cellulase dosage, the pulp viscosity decreased steadily. The SEM analysis showed the surface of cellulase treated fiber had some fluffing phenomenon and there was obvious intertexture between fiber and fiber. AFM images further demonstrated that the fiber surface of controlled pulp was covered by primary layer. After enzyme treatment, the primary layer of fiber cell wall was peeled off.
Biosorption of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solution by Aspergillus Niger
Authors: Zhang Li Fang , Dai Shu Juan , Chen Ying Ying
Published: May 2011

In this study, Biosorption of hexavalent chromium ions from aqueous solution by using biomass ofAspergillus nigerwas investigated. Different parameters such as initial pH, biosorbent amount, contact time and temperature were explored. The biosorption of Cr (VI) ions was highly pH dependent and the optimum pH for biosorption of Cr (VI) ions was found to be 2.0. Biosorption capacity of Cr (VI) ions decreased with increased biosorbent dosage. The biosorption equilibrium was established in about 120min of contact time. Equilibrium uptake of Cr (VI) ions onto biomass increased from 12.57 mg/g at 20°C to 19.48 mg/g at 40 °C for 20mg/L Cr (VI) ions concentration. The biosorption process followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model and the correlation coefficients from the pseudo-second order model were all higher than 0.997 in all studied temperatures. These results suggest that the biomass ofAspergillus nigeris a promising biosorbent for removal of chromium (VI) ions from the wastewater.
Experimental Investigation of Falling Film Evaporation on Horizontal Tubes at Low-Pressure
Authors: Liu Hong , Ma Hu Gen , Li Chang Sheng
Published: May 2011

Experimental investigation of falling film evaporation on horizontal tubes was carried out in this paper. Tube surface, spray flow rate and coolant flow rate were the factors considered in the experiment. The impact on falling film evaporation performance was obtained as expected. Experimental results are obtained that the heat transfer performances of low finned tubes are better than that of smooth tubes. The increasing of flow rate enhances heat transfer performance of falling film evaporation at first, while the flow rate gets a certain value, it will hinder the improvement of heat transfer performance. It was also found that there is almost no effects on heat transfer coefficient when the flow rate of coolant changes.
Role of Biopolymer in Nacre Heated in Nitrogen Atmosphere
Authors: An Yuan Lin , Liu Zhi Ming , Wang Gan , Wu Wen Jian
Published: May 2011

Nacre is one of the most attractive biological materials for its superior mechanical property which is mainly due to the “brick-mortar” microstructure. Nacre samples are heated in N2 atmosphere at 200°C, 400°C and 600°C, separately. The microstructures of the fresh and heated samples are characterized by SEM and XRD, and the three-point bending strengths of these samples are tested by universal mechanical testing machine. TG-DSC curves are performed on the fresh nacre and the demineralized one. The results show that biopolymer plays important roles in maintaining the microstructure, toughening mechanism and the phase transformation of aragonite.
Reliability Assessment of Pipeline in Uniform Corrosion Conditions
Authors: Liu Qing Gang , Yu Xin Qi , Guo Yan Shu , Peng Pei Ying
Published: May 2011

In this article first order second moment and Monte-Carlo methods are used to calculate the reliability of the pipeline under uniform corrosion conditions. The results show that the data obtained by the two methods is almost the same. Reliability assessment shows that the reliability is continuously decrease while the stress of the pipeline is still lower than yield limit of the material. At the 20th year in the pipeline’s life, the reliability is only 0.58, and the pipeline is not safe anymore. So, for the safety of the pipeline, not only the stress should be considered, but also the reliability.
Improving the Cold Flow Properties of Biodiesel Derived from Palm
Authors: Lai Yong Bin , Chen Xiu , Yuan Yin Nan
Published: May 2011

The chemical compositions of biodiesel derived from palm (PME) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The cold flow properties of PME were studied by multifunctional low temperature tester, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and solution crystallization theory. Three approaches for improving cold flow properties of PME were put forward: crystallization fractionation, blending with winter petrodiesel and treating with cold flow improver (CFI) additives. A good correlation model was proposed for prediction cold filter plugging point (CFPP) by winter petrodiesel blending ratio. The study shows that the PME was mainly composed of saturated fatty acid methyl esters (SFAME): C14:0-C24:0 and unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (UFAME): C16:1-C22:1, C18:2 and C18:3. The mass fraction of SFAME and UFAME was 35.86% and 62.83%, respectively. The CFPP of PME was 8°C. Crystallization fractionation and blending with -10 petrodiesel (-10PD) decreased the CFPP to 0 and -12°C, respectively. Treating with CFI additives (volume fraction ≤ 1.5%) decreased the CFPP of PME and PME/-10PD to 2 and -26°C, respectively. This study has effectively improved cold flow properties of PME and provided theoretical support for using PME during cold weather.
Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Aerogels / Phenolic Resin for Nanocomposites
Authors: Chen Wei Jen , Shen Ming Yuan , Li Yi Luen , Chiang Chin Lung , Yip Ming Chuen
Published: May 2011

This study used carbon aerogels (CA) and phenolic resin in fixed proportations to produce nano high polymer resin, and used poly ehtylene oxide (PEO) as the modifying agent for phenolic resin to improve the mechanical properties of phenolic resin and promote the surface conductivity. The prepared nano high polymer resin and carbon cloth were made into nano-prepreg by using ultrasonic impregnation method, and a nano-prepreg composite material was prepared by using hot compacting and cut to test pieces to measure its mechanical properties and surface conductivity as well as the influence of temperature-humidity environment (85°C/168hr and 85°C/85%RH/168hr) on mechanical properties. The result showed that the surface conductivity increased by 64.55%, the tensile strength at room temperature increased by 35.7%, the flexural strength increased by 18.4%, and the impact strength increased by 101%. In hot environment (85°C/168hr), the tensile strength decreased by 23.8%, the flexural strength increased by 3.1%, and the impact strength increased by 84.6%. In high temperature-high humidity environment (85°C/85% RH/168hr), the tensile strength decreased by 29.6%, the flexural strength decreased by 17%, and the impact strength increased by 95.7%.Introduction
Isolation of Triterpenoids from Catunaregam spinosa
Authors: Yang Ke Di , Li Yue Juan , Ge Li , Qin Zu Zeng
Published: May 2011

Investigation on the antifeedant activity and toxicity of Catunaregam Spinosa (Rubiaceae)fruits revealed that the n-butanol fraction from methanolic extractof Catunaregam Spinosa fruits showed effective antifeedant activity and toxicity against the larvae of Pieris rapae and Plutella xylostella. Continued chemical investigation on the n-butanol fraction yielded five triterpenoids. Use of NMR, MS and sugar analysis gave structures of three triterpenoid saponins with branched monosaccharide chain as 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-6-O-methyl-glucuronopyranosyl oxy]-2β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid (1), 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyran -osyl]-olean-12-en-28-oic acid (2), 3-O-[β-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl- (1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-12-en-28-oic acid (3), and along with triterpenoids as Oleanolic acid (4), 3β,23-dihydroxy-olean-12-ene-28-oic acid (5), respectively.
Cathodic Polarization Behavior and Deposit Structure of Jet Electrodeposition Nickel
Authors: Yang Jun , Qiao Gui Ying , Liu Wen Xin , Chen Xue Lian , Zhao Zhen Gang
Published: May 2011

The influences of jet flow rate and temperature on cathodic polarization of nickel deposits have been studied in this paper. The results indicate that increasing jet flow rate and temperature of the electrolyte make the equilibrium electrode potential decrease. When jet flow rate increases from 1.0 L/min to 6.0 L/min, the grain size of nickel deposits decreases from 22.6 nm to 18.9 nm. X-ray diffraction patterns show that increasing jet flow rate results in (111) preferred growth orientation for nickel deposits.
Study on the Preparation and Properties of PAA/BC/Na-MMT Composites
Authors: Shen Hui Ling , Long Li Juan , Jia Shi Ru
Published: May 2011

By means of aqueous solution polymerization method, the composites of polyacrylic acid (PAA)/Bacterial cellulose (BC)/Na-MMT and PAA/Na-MMT were prepared respectively. The effects of Na-MMT content on the properties of PAA/Na-MMT and BC content on the properties of PAA/BC/Na-MMT composites were investigated. The results show that with appropriate increasing Na-MMT, the composites has good salt-resistant ability and thermal stability, mean while, the water-absorbing capacity of PAA/Na-MMT composites is significantly increased. Comparing with that of the PAA/Na-MMT hydrogel, with addition of BC content, the water-absorbing capacity and thermal stability of PAA/BC/Na-MMT are enhanced in a certain degree. The SEM analysis indicate that there are more network structure in the composites hydrogel. XRD result shows that the layered structure of Na-MMT is stripped and the prepared composites achieves peel compound.
Reducing Microbiological Adhesion on Aluminum by Using Silver Nanocrystals Encapsulated in Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Dong Li Hua , Liu Tao , Zhang Li , Yin Yan Sheng
Published: May 2011

In the present study, we report the preparation of silver nanocrystals encapsulated in mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Ag-MSN) with increased stability and enhanced anti-bacterial potency. The morphology of the nanoparticles was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction analyses proved that the silver nanocrystals were truly embedded in the mesoporous silica nanoparticles. The antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles was proved by plate count method and bacterial growth curve. Moreover, the marine bacterium V. natriegens showed weak attachment to the aluminum coated with Ag -MSN. The mechanism of reducing microbiological adhesion was also discussed.
Synthesis, Characterization and In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Two Novel Series of Organotin Retinoates
Authors: Tan Ping , Yu Ai He , Deng Qin , Xiang Jian Nan , Cao Zhong
Published: May 2011

Two series of novel organotin retinoates were synthesized by the reaction of di-n-butyltin oxide with corresponding retinoids in 1: 2 (3a~3d) and 1: 1 (4a~4d) molar ratio. These organotin retinoates were characterized by (1H,13C,119Sn) NMR, MS and IR and they presented two type of different structures. The results of their biological activity in Hela, LCC, A549, T9 cancer cell showed that all of them exhibited better anticancer activity.
A Study on Dry Anaerobic Fermentation Technology of Pineapple Leaf Residue
Authors: Deng Yi Guo , Wang Jin Li , Jiao Jing , Zheng Yong , Wang Gang , Sun Wei Sheng , Qin Shuang Mei
Published: May 2011

A self-designed constant temperature fermenter was manufactured and used for this study. Dry anaerobic fermentation experiments were conducted with sugarcane leaf residue as raw material. With the C/N ratio being 25:1, various total solids concentrations (TS), inoculum sizes and fermentation temperatures were selected to study biogas production characteristics. The experiment results showed that biogas yield increased rapidly during the initial stage of reaction, decreased quickly after reaching the peak, and the decrease slowed down at some level. Orthogonal experiment results showed that both fermentation temperature and solids concentration showed significant effects on gas production yield. Fermentation temperature showed the most significant effect, while the effect of inoculum size was not significant on gas yield. The optimum fermentation performance was obtained at 20% solid content, 35°C fermentation temperature, and 30% inoculum size.
Carboxymethy Chitosan Grafted Ricinoleic Acid Group for Nanopesticide Carriers
Authors: Feng Bo Hua , Zhang Zi Yong
Published: May 2011

A new chitosan derivate (CMC-g-RA) was prepared by grafting ricinoleic acid anhydride (RA) on carboxymethy chitosan (CMC) molecules. The reaction factors such as molecular weight, mole ratio of anhydride to amino, temperature and solvent were examined. Nanoparticles were obtained by blending botanical insecticide capsaicin (Cap) and CMC-g-RA. Surface shape, particle size, polydispersity index, surface charge, LE and stability of Cap/CMC-g-RA nanoparticles were characterized. The results showed that lower molecular weight was of advantage to higher degree of RA substitution. CMC-g-RA and Cap formed drug delivery nanoparticles with spherical shape and negative surface charge in water. The increased concentration of drug or carrier resulted in higher zeta potential and narrower polydispersity index (PDI) of Cap/CMC-g-RA. The loading efficiency (LE) of nanoparticles was up to 0.86, which provided efficiently protection for Cap, extended drug releasing period and dosage.
Influence of Surface Characteristics on the Dispersion of Modified Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Ma Yan Xuan , Zheng Yu Dong , Wu Jian , Tan Jue , Li Wei , Yu Yi
Published: May 2011

In order to improve the dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), MWCNTs were physically modified by the surfactant of Poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), and were chemically treated by the acid oxidation. Measuring the zeta potential of the dispersions of modified MWCNTs and surface contact angle of modified MWCNT powders, influence of acting forces on the dispersions of modified MWCNTs was analyzed. The balance of electrostatic repulsion and van der Waals forces determines the stabilization of aqueous modified MWCNT dispersions. The sufficient reactive groups, ions and long molecular chains play important roles for such balance.
The Study on the Nutritive Components and Water-Soluble Protein Extraction of Juglans mandshurica Maxim Kernel
Authors: Bao Yi Hong , Yu Yang Yang , Pan Li Na
Published: May 2011

This study compared the main compositions of the different areas walnuts. A large diversity was found in moisture, ash, total fat and crude protein content. We got four kinds of walnuts from different areas of northeast China (A: Suifenhe Heilongjiang B: Yichun Heilongjiang C: Mudanjiang Heilongjiang D: Baishan Jilin). The sample D has the most moisture compared the others, 6.563%. The ash and total fat contents of the sample C are more than others, respectively 2.96% and 56.42%. For the crude protein, the kind from sample A is the most, 34.349%. The experiment also studied the protein extraction of the degreased kernel by distilled water. During the extracting process, three main factors including ratio of solid to liquid, exacting time and temperature were studied by using single factor analysis method. According to orthogonal test results, when the solid-liquid ratio, time and temperature were respectively 1/45, 3.5h, 45°C, the material (WKCD) had the highest protein extraction ratio 57.62%.
Synthesis and Characterization of Dual-Magnetic Thermosensitive Microspheres
Authors: Cai Li Feng , Wen Yu Qian , Lin Zhi Yong
Published: May 2011

Fe3O4nanoparticles and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-methacrylic acid) were combined to form dual-magnetic thermosensitive microspheres. The results of fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) confirm that the microspheres are characterized with a magnetic Fe3O4core, a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-methacrylic acid) shell, and an average diameter of about 150-300nm. Spectra of wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) indicate that the copolymer on the surface of Fe3O4nanoparticles shows no influence on the inverse cubic spinel phase of Fe3O4. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the thermosensitive copolymer-shell is about 39°Cas determined by a turbidimeter. Besides, the microspheres exhibit an obvious advantage using magnetic separation, and can be heated through an external alternating magnetic field to generate thermal effects, thus possess dual-magnetic responses (including magnetic delivery and magnetic-thermal effects). The synthesized microspheres with dual-magnetic and thermosensitive responses have potential applications in a magnetic drug-targeting delivery system for controlled drug release.
Influence of Extruder Conditions on Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Nanocomposites Reinforced with Rice Straw Micro/Nano Fibrils
Authors: Wu Yan , Zhou Ding Guo , Wang Si Qun , Zhang Yang , Wang Xin , Mao Hai Yan
Published: May 2011

In this study, rice straw (Oryza sativa L.) fibril and fibril aggregates (RSFs) material isolated by high intensity ultrasonication (HIUS) was used as reinforcement in an RSFs/Polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites. The morphology of RSFs was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile test. The fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) test was also performed to investigate the interface compatibility between RSFs and PP matrix. Results indicated that the tensile strength of RSFs/PP nanocomposites increased with increasing cycle time of extruder from 10 min to 30 min at 180°C. The maximum value of tensile strength was 31.2 MPa appeared at the conditions of 190°C and cycle 20 min. The elastic modulus increased by adding 5 wt% RSFs into the PP/MAPP matrix. However, there was no distinct difference of elongation in RSFs/PP nanocomposites at different extruder conditions. The RSFs embedded into the PP/MAPP matrix and exhibited better interaction by FTIR test.
Synthesis and Characterization of MFe2O4(M=Co,Ni) Nanoparticles
Authors: Sun De Hui , Zhang Ji Lin , Sun De Xin
Published: May 2011

The magnetic MFe2O4 (M=Co, Ni) nanoparticles are synthesized using a hydrothermal synthesis method in ethylene glycol (EG) solution. Their morphologies, structures, surface properties and magnetism are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectra, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), respectively. The nickel ferrite and the cobalt ferrite samples are nearly spherical and homogeneous nanoparticles with average size range of about 90 nm (NiFe2O4) and 30 nm (CoFe2O4). XRD patterns confirm that the NiFe2O4 samples belong to the cubic structure and the CoFe2O4 samples are the rhombohedral structure. The NiFe2O4 nanoparticles are superparamagnetic at room temperature, while the CoFe2O4 nanoparticles are sub-ferromagnetic at room temperature and possess higher saturation magnetization.
Isolation and Characterization of Pepsin-Solubilized Collagen from Skin of Argentine Shortfin Squid (Illex argentinus)
Authors: Zhang Jun Jie , Duan Rui , Chen Yi Feng , Xu Xiao Jing
Published: May 2011

Argentine shortfin squid (Illex argentinus) is one of the most important commercial fish in the world. Pepsin-solubilized collagen (PSC) was isolated from squid skin and biochemical properties of PSC were studied. The yields of skin PSC was about 18.5 % (on the dry weight basis). SDS-PAGE patterns showed that the collagen consisted of at least two different polypeptides (α1 and α2 chains). The peptide maps of PSC digested by pepsin were distinct from those of carp skin collagen. Denaturation temperatures, measured by melting point using circular dichroism, was 26.5 °C.The results suggest that squid skin collagen has potential as a possible underutilized resource used in various fields.
A Novel Way to Synthesize Mesoporous Silica Coated on the CNTs with Larger Holes Based on “MCM-41” CNTs@SiO2
Authors: Zheng Wen Rui , Zhang Min , Xu Jing Li , Huang Tao
Published: May 2011

We present a novel method to synthesize mesoporous nickel siliceous coated on CNTs with larger hole based on the mesoporous silica coated on CNTs, the pore size of mesoporous silica coated on CNTs was enlarged to 7.8 nm from 2.72 nm. Compared to others’ work, our method is low cost, simple and high efficiency. And more importantly, this method shows great potential in applying other type of mesoporous materials such as SBA-15 etc.
Study on Preparation, Biological Activity and Thermal Decomposition of N-Benzoyl-N＇-(4-Chlorobenzamido) Thiourea
Authors: Li Ru Lin , Wang Lin , Xue Gang
Published: May 2011

A novel compound N-benzoyl-N＇-(4-chlorobenzamido) thiourea was prepared from benzoyl isothiocyanate which was obtained from benzoyl chloride and potassium thiocyanate, and 4-chlorobenzoyl hydrazine which was obtained from ethyl 4-chlorobenzoate and hydrazine hydrate. IR,1H NMR,13C NMR and elemental analysis were utilized to determine the structure of the thiourea. The biological tests indicated that the target compound had antibacterial activity against bacillus subtilis and taphylo-coccus aurers. Meanwhile, the thermal stability was investigated by thermogrativity（TG） and differential thermogrativity (DTG). The results demonstrated there was one weight-loss in the thermal decomposition process. The thermal kinetics equation obtained describing the thermal decomposition process was expressed as .
Formation and Magnetic Characterization of Magnesium Oxide / Iron Nano Composite Particles
Authors: Kong Yuan Yuan , Zhou Hao
Published: May 2011

Nano-sized composite magnetic particles MgO /Fe were in-situ combustion synthesized at 620°Cfor the Mg-70.9wt%Fe3O4 system. In this paper, we discussed the reactant ratio on the influence of micro-morphology and the magnetic properties of nanoparticles. It was indentified that: Mg(29.1wt%) was the suitable reactant ratio, the sintered composite spherical particles with mean diameter 40nm distributed evenly, particles had good soft magnetic properties, and it was the future drug carriers materials.
Green Synthesis of Starch-Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles and their Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Gao Xiang Hua , Wei Li Qiao , Wang Jing , Xu Bing She
Published: May 2011

Stable silver nanoparticles were synthesized from AgNO3through a simple green route using biodegradable and renewable starch as stabilizing agent. Nanoparticles have been studied for their formation, structure, morphology and size using UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and HRTEM analysis. XRD showed that the nanoparticles were of face centered cubic structure. UV–Vis and HRTEM revealed that the spherical particles having radius 5-20 nm are mostly stabilized by starch. Further, antibacterial properties of these starch-stabilized nanoparticles show promising results for S.aureus in growth inhibition ring test.