bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Instructional Technology Design of Smart Malay-Mandarin Dictionary (SMMD) to Support Vocabulary Acquisition in Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language
Authors: Goh Yingsoon , Warris Saiful Nizam , Mohamed Hasiah , Sabri Norlina Mohd
Published: November 2011

Teaching Mandarin language to non-native learners requires lots of efforts and excellent resources in order to assist learners in their learning process. Vocabularies plays an important roles for the learners because the numbers of vocabularies they have will help them to master the language and give them confidence to converse in Mandarin. Smart Malay-Mandarin Dictionary (SMMD) is developed to help learners gain as much as they can the vocabularies needed. The advantages of SMMD that offers not only the word that learners search for, but it also provides all of the related words that match the word typed by the learners. Formative evaluation was conducted in order to gain users feedback, comments and suggestion towards the use of SMMD in their learning process. The result shows students did agree that SMMD assisted them in their vocabulary acquisition. They were very contented with the use of SMMD in improving their vocabularies. The effectiveness of SMMD as a whole is positive as it did support the vocabulary acquisition for the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language.
Informationism, Information and Its Neuronal Theories
Authors: Currás Emilia
Published: November 2011

In this chapter an epistemology, based in the information, as the paradigm, that rules our lives, is stated - Informationism -. Information, or perhaps the message, reaches the brain as tiny impulses - quanta or useful information -, hitting and activating the neurones; as a consequence becoming quanta of useful information which produce knowledge, science and wisdom. Some definitions of information are quoted, as well as its connotations and peculiarities. The physical, psychic and pragmatic, etc. connotations of information are studied, including its energetic aspect; within a Cosmovision of it. Some neuronal theories are also studied.
Understanding User Attitudes toward Information Systems
Authors: Jank David A.
Published: November 2011

People develop attitudes toward things in many ways. While direct experience can be the foundation of permanent attitude formation, both indirect experience and referential input from others are strong influences on both attitude development and changes in personal attitude. The psychological factors that govern attitude are varied. They are documented in the scholarly literature of many fields, and frequently reference the study of people and technology. Research in the use of information systems (IS), however, does not typically aggregate the psychological factors influencing user attitude. The purpose of this chapter is to bring together the divergent empirical evidence of IS user attitude formation. A grounded theory approach is used to formally identify and analyze this evidence. Such analysis can provide a more cohesive understanding of what is known about user attitudes toward information systems, and can offer an ontological framework for more formalized study of the relationship between people and information systems.
Review and Brief History of Collaborative Systems
Authors: Romero Nuria Lloret
Published: November 2011

E-collaboration and collaborative systems bring geographically dispersed teams together, supporting communication, coordination and cooperation. From the scientific perspective, the development of theories and mechanisms to enable building collaborative systems presents exciting research challenges across information subfields. From the applications perspective, the capability to collaborate with users and other systems is essential if large-scale information systems of the future are to assist users in finding the information they need and solving the problems they have. This chapter presents a review of research in the area of creating collaborative applications and taxonomies. The author analyzes previous literature, and examines some practice cases and research prototypes in the domain of collaborative computing. Finally the chapter provides a list of basic collaboration services, and tools are presented relating to the services they provide. All surveyed tools are then classified under categories of functional services. In conclusion, the chapter highlights a number of areas for consideration and improvement that arise when studying collaborative applications.
Adaptive Information Retrieval Based on Task Context
Authors: Doan Bich-Liên , Sansonnet Jean-Paul
Published: November 2011

This chapter discusses using context in Information Retrieval systems and Intelligent Assistant Agents in order to improve the performance of these systems. The notion of context is introduced and the state of the art in Contextual Information Retrieval is presented which illustrates various categories of contexts that can be taken into account when solving user queries. In this framework, the authors focus on the issue of task-based context which takes into account the current activity the user is involved in when he puts a query. Finally they introduce promising research directions that promote the use of Intelligent Assistant Agents capable of symbolic reasoning about users’ tasks for supporting the query process.
Coagmento
Authors: Shah Chirag
Published: November 2011

The author describes Coagmento, a system that provides integrated tools and workflow for doing collaborative information seeking in online environment. Coagmento’s inception followed a need to provide essential tools to collaborators without them having to learn an entirely new system or work in an unfamiliar environment. Here they describe how the author designed, developed, and deployed Coagmento. The design of this system was facilitated using several pilot runs and cognitive walkthroughs. A fully functional version of Coagmento was then developed and evaluated using laboratory study, and its design optimized using participatory design sessions. Finally, the author describes how they made the enhanced version of Coagmento available to wider group of users, along with issues and challenges faced. They summarize lessons learned and provide a guideline for designing and developing such collaborative information seeking systems.
Engaging Learners in the Digital Age through Self-Discovery Learning
Authors: Sharma Ramesh C , Kawachi Paul
Published: November 2011

The development of social networking, Web 2.0, and virtual worlds has opened new avenues for online collaborative communication. For learners in this digital age, there is a need to devise new models and metaphors to examine the learner and teacher interactions with technologies and for models which can help in designing effective and innovative learning interventions. In this chapter we examine some models and discuss how learners can be guided to become engaged in self-discovery learning.
Addressing the “Commitment Problem”
Authors: Hai-Jew Shalin
Published: November 2011

Self-discovery learning, theoretically, can apply to the extreme ends of human endeavor—the acquisition and maintenance of in-depth expertise over long periods of time. Long-term persistence and focus have always been difficult challenges, even with the enabling structures of educational and career tracks. The inherent unstructuredness and informal aspects of self-discovery learning may make it harder for people to maintain long-term focused interests and investments in their learning. However, the creation of social collaborative work spaces for communities (and networks) of practice and the wide accessibility of various data sets online may be the nascent elements of more elite enabling spaces that may address the “commitment problem” for long-term persistent attention. This chapter proposes a draft survey based on the research to learn more about long-term informal discovery learning online.
Protection Architectures for WDM Passive Optical Networks
Authors: Sivakumar Anusha , Sankaran Ganesh C. , Sivalingam Krishna M. , Parr Gerard
Published: November 2011

Passive Optical Networks (PON) support subscribers with bandwidth requirements more than 10 Mbps. Fiber and node failures in a PON network can lead to large amounts of data loss, while isolating the central office from the subscribers. Hence, high network availability is desired when a PON is used for business enterprises and for providing mobile backhaul services. To maximize network availability, several protection architectures have been proposed in literature. In this chapter, we critically analyze and compare novel WDM PON protection architectures amongst those proposed in the literature. The comparison is done from topology, resource utilization and power budget perspectives. We also discuss protection mechanisms that are typically used in the architectures and their impact on restoration.
Fault Management in Transparent Optical Networks
Authors: Machuca Carmen Mas
Published: November 2011

The advantages of transparent optical networks such as high capacity and low cost can be outweighed by their complex fault management and the high impact of the faults occurring within them. Indeed, transparent optical networks reduce unnecessary, complex, and expensive opto-electronic conversion, to the cost of having faults more deleterious and affecting longer distances than in opaque networks. Moreover, transparent optical networks have limited monitoring capabilities, which could hinder efficient and accurate fault detection and localization. Different approaches have been proposed in the literature to perform fault localization, targeting different fault scenarios (e.g. single/multiple faults or looking at the optical/higher layers), and considering different assumptions (e.g. ideal/existence of false or lost alarms). Furthermore, fault management depends on the placement of monitoring equipment, whose optimization has been studied and also presented in this chapter.
All-Optical Resilient Pulse-Position-Modulation-Based Packet-Switched Routing
Authors: Ghassemlooy Z. , Ng W. P. , Le Minh H.
Published: November 2011

In traditional optical networks, configured as static physical pipes, the carrier-grade network resilience is provided by means of protection and restoration capabilities. However, there is a need to develop a new generation of dynamic reconfigurable all optical networks with built in network resilience capabilities. In the next generation, high-speed photonic packet switching networks, ultrafast packet header processing, and packet switching are the vital building blocks. In this chapter, a review of different routing schemes for high-speed photonic packet switching networks and the concept of reducing the size of the look-up routing table are presented. A novel PPM signal format has been introduced in order to reduce the size of the routing table in order reduce packet switching and processing time compared to the conventional routing tables. A failure self detection and a routing table reconfiguration in the optical domain are introduced, and a number of factors such as system performance, reliability, and complexity are also discussed.
From Collaborative Tools to Collaborative Working Environments
Authors: Prinz Wolfgang , Martínez-Carreras Maria Antonia , Pallot Marc
Published: November 2011

In this article we introduce the main research lines concerning CSCW and groupware, which are forming the core foundation of Collaborative Working Environments (CWE). Furthermore, we introduce the problematic aspects in CWE and the features and recommendations for the integration of CWE in organizations. Through this issue readers will learn new paradigms for the building of CWE as well as directions for measuring and planning the implementation of collaboration within enterprises with the aim of obtaining the best performance. Finally, a brief introduction of the three articles of this special issue on CWE is presented.
Towards a Reference Architecture for Collaborative Work Environments
Authors: Peristeras Vassilios , Martínez-Carreras Antonia , Gómez-Skarmeta Antonio F. , Prinz Wolfgang , Nasirifard Peyman
Published: November 2011

In this article the authors provide an overview of the Ecospace reference architecture which constitutes a reusable high-level representation for building Collaborative Work Environments that are interoperable, context-aware and highly personalised. Based on this architecture they have already developed a number of prototypes that at the same time use and validate the proposed design. Here they present an example, specifically a prototype that demonstrates interoperability and context-awareness as important features of the Ecospace architecture.
Socio-Technical Influences on Virtual Research Environments
Authors: Ponti Marisa
Published: November 2011

A number of socio-technical aspects that influence interorganizational research collaboration are embedded in local work contexts. Thus, they should be a main concern for the design of virtual research environments. A review of forty papers from different research fields provided an understanding of the influence of eleven socio-technical aspects grouped according to the following categories: nature of work; common ground; collaboration readiness; management style and leadership; technology readiness. There are five main implications for the design of virtual research environments. Emphasis is placed on the importance of consulting the stakeholders so that they suggest solutions and ideas, and imbue the collaborative environment with the values required for it to be sustainable.
Self-Regulation in Instant Messaging (IM)
Authors: Quan-Haase Anabel
Published: November 2011

Despite the advantages of using instant messaging (IM) for collaborative work, concerns about negative consequences associated with its disruptive nature have been raised. In this paper, the author investigates the mediating role of self-regulation, using a mixed methods approach consisting of questionnaires, focus groups, and interviews. The findings show that these concerns are warranted: IM is disruptive, and multitasking can lead to losses in productivity. Despite these negative consequences, users are active participants in IM and employ a wide range of self-regulation strategies (SRS) to control their overuse. The study found three key SRS: ignoring incoming messages, denying access, and digital or physical removal. The study also found two different approaches to self-regulation. The preventive approach, consisting of creating routines and practices around IM use that would help regulation, and the recuperative approach, consisting of changing behaviors after overuse had occurred. Communication via IM helps in the development of social capital by strengthening social ties among users, which can be useful for information exchange and cooperation. These positive effects provide a balance to the potential negative impact on productivity. Implications for theories of self-regulation of technology and for managerial practice are also discussed.
Improved Information Connectivity and Visibility throughout the Global Supply Base
Authors: Wilson William , Duffy Kevin
Published: November 2011

Although the literature frequently examines achieving an integrated supply chain and participating in information sharing with supply chain partners, there is little guidance given to firms on how to progress to a state where these goals can become reality. This paper examines the struggles of one firm in moving toward information sharing with its suppliers and its hopes of achieving an integrated supply chain. This paper reveals lessons learned from the difficulties the firm encountered during the integration process. Despite putting an information system in place, the company discovered that people issues matter as much, if not more, than technology issues.
Overcoming Visibility Issues in a Small-to-Medium Retailer Using Automatic Identification and Data Capture Technology
Authors: Hamilton Dane , Michael Katina , Wamba Samuel Fosso
Published: November 2011

In this paper, the authors the inventory control practices of a small-to-medium retailer to identify common challenges this type of organization experiences with respect to automated data capture (ADC) and the implementation of an enterprise wide information system. The study explores a single case of a hardware store in a regional town in New South Wales, Australia. Four semi-structured interviews were conducted with employees, focusing on issues related to inventory control including delivery discrepancies, checking and sorting of orders, locating stock and goods, loss prevention, customer purchasing and point of sale processing and replenishment. Flowcharts illustrate the current processes of the retailer with an understanding of how ADC technologies like bar code and radio-frequency identification (RFID) impact the retailer. The findings promote an evolutionary approach toward the use of automated data capture technology by adopting barcode technology and subsequently introducing the complementary RFID technology.
An Empirical Study of Predicting Hong Kong Consumers’ Online Shopping Intentions
Authors: Cheng T. C. E. , Chung M. W.
Published: November 2011

The digital technologies that have made electronic commerce (EC) a reality have changed the landscape of operations management (OM). Past OM studies have focused on the relationship between information systems (IS) and OM strategy, however, there is a lack of investigation into the environmental factors and OM strategy in the EC setting. Moreover, little empirical research has been performed outside Europe and the United States. Thus, the authors’ research fills this gap with a view of understanding the potential factors influencing Hong Kong consumers’ online shopping intentions. The authors collected data from Facebook users via a Web-based survey and their research results support the previous literature and behavioral models in that perceived usefulness and perceived convenience and inconvenience are significantly related to consumers’ online shopping intentions. Further, gender difference plays a role in predicting consumers’ attitudes toward the positive features of online shopping, as well as predicting personal innovativeness toward information technology. In the collectivist culture of Hong Kong, the findings show that men are positively associated with the subjective norm. Unlike gender, education can only explain consumers’ perceived usefulness.
Coping with Manufacturers’ Dilemma in the E-Commerce Era
Authors: Li Xiaolin
Published: November 2011

From a channel conflict perspective, this paper proposes a Relational Model identifying key determinants of manufacturers’ intentions to establish an online direct sales channel (ODSC). The paper also develops a Strategic Framework as a guideline for manufacturers to formulate their Internet channel strategies. Unlike most other studies on channel conflicts that focus on channel management after the manufacturer has already established its ODSC, this study provides a comprehensive strategic analysis of channel conflicts based on a pre-ODSC context, which prevents unnecessary losses from channel conflicts before they occur.
Information and Communication Technology Training among Lecturers in the South-South Zone in Nigeria by the Nigeria Communication Commission
Authors: Tiemo Pereware Aghwotu , Emiri O. T. , Tiemo Adobi Jessica
Published: November 2011

In order to bridge the digital gap and to facilitate the use of ICT in teaching and learning among lecturers and students in Nigeria universities, the Nigeria Communication Commission (NCC) organized a workshop to train lecturers in the use of ICT skill and knowledge. It was expected that 12,000 lecturers from various universities will be trained. It was discovered that the idea was welcomed since most of them find if difficult to integrate ICT in their academic work. As a result of this, the study seek to find out the success achieved among participants and their perception toward the programme.
Perceived Importance and Resource Constraints of Graduate Information Systems Courses in Turkey
Authors: Balaban M. Erdal , Kirlidog Melih , Ayvaz-Reis Zerrin
Published: November 2011

Education is an expensive process and the quality of an education program is largely affected by resources devoted to it. Availability of qualified instructors and physical amenities such as labs are the most important resources that determine the educational quality. Based on the graduate Information Systems curriculum recommendation of Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and Association for Information Systems (AIS) this article investigates the perceived importance of each course taught in graduate Information Systems programs in Turkey. The perceived importance is also compared with the availability of instructor and technological resources for each course to get an insight into educational resources and constraints.
Facilitating Students to Earn Computing Certificates via Blended Learning in Online Problem-Solving Environment
Authors: Tsai Chia-Wen
Published: November 2011

The vocational schools in Taiwan regard professional certifications as a badge of skills achievement. However, due to a national policy, pure online courses are not permitted. Moreover, it remains unclear whether every subject is suitable to be delivered via online courses. In this regard, the author conducted a quasi-experiment to examine the effects of applying blended learning (BL) with different course orientations on students’ computing skills, and explored the appropriate combination for teachers who teach computing courses. Four classes in successive semesters, with a total of 195 students from the courses of ‘Database Management System’ and ‘Packaged Software and Application’, were divided into 2 (Design-oriented vs. Procedural-oriented) × 2 (BL vs. Traditional Learning) experimental groups. The results showed that students from both design-oriented and procedural-oriented courses delivered in BL environment, had significantly higher grades on the examination for certificates than those who learned in traditional learning environment.
Faculty Training Strategies to Enhance Pedagogy-Technology Integration
Authors: Keengwe Jared , Georgina David , Wachira Patrick
Published: November 2011

One of the unprecedented benefits of campus-wide distance learning strategies has been the incorporation of more technology-based pedagogy into traditional classrooms, thus, increasing faculty and student teaching and learning opportunities. This “hybrid” or “blended” teaching has emerged largely due to a desire to widen access to educational opportunities, continuing education, and university resources (Curran, 2004; Garrison & Kanuka, 2004). However, a major challenge to this technologically enhanced pedagogy has been the training of higher education faculty. This article focuses on faculty technology literacy, the implementation of technology into traditional faculty pedagogy, and the need for effective faculty training to enhance appropriate technology integration into classroom instruction (Keengwe, 2007). In this paper, the authors recommend two tier training as a possible strategy to technology integration training challenges that instructors face in their pedagogical practices.
An Empirical Study to Validate the Technology Acceptance Model in Explaining the Intention to Use Technology among Educational Users
Authors: Teo Timothy
Published: November 2011

This study examines a sample (N=239) of pre-service teachers’ self-reported intention to use technology. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was used as a research framework in which findings contribute to technology acceptance research by demonstrating the suitability of the TAM to explain the intention to use technology among educational users. Using the structural equation modelling for data analysis, a good fit was found for both the measurement and structural models. Overall, the results of this study offer evidence that the TAM is effective in predicting pre-service teachers’ intention to use technology. This paper concludes with a discussion of the limitations and recommendations for further study.
The Dynamics of Content Popularity in Social Media
Authors: Papadopoulos Symeon , Vakali Athena , Kompatsiaris Ioannis
Published: November 2011

Social Bookmarking Systems (SBS) have been widely adopted in the last years, and thus they have had a significant impact on the way that online content is accessed, read and rated. Until recently, the decision on what content to display in a publisher’s web pages was made by one or at most few authorities. In contrast, modern SBS-based applications permit their users to submit their preferred content, to comment on and to rate the content of other users and establish social relations with each other. In that way, the vision of the social media is realized, i.e. the online users collectively decide upon the interestingness of the available bookmarked content. This paper attempts to provide insights into the dynamics emerging from the process of content rating by the user community. To this end, the paper proposes a framework for the study of the statistical properties of an SBS, the evolution of bookmarked content popularity and user activity in time, as well as the impact of online social networks on the content consumption behavior of individuals. The proposed analysis framework is applied to a large dataset collected from digg, a popular social media application.
An Efficient Method for Discretizing Continuous Attributes
Authors: Engle Kelley M. , Gangopadhyay Aryya
Published: November 2011

In this paper the authors present a novel method for finding optimal split points for discretization of continuous attributes. Such a method can be used in many data mining techniques for large databases. The method consists of two major steps. In the first step search space is pruned using a bisecting region method that partitions the search space and returns the point with the highest information gain based on its search. The second step consists of a hill climbing algorithm that starts with the point returned by the first step and greedily searches for an optimal point. The methods were tested using fifteen attributes from two data sets. The results show that the method reduces the number of searches drastically while identifying the optimal or near-optimal split points. On average, there was a 98% reduction in the number of information gain calculations with only 4% reduction in information gain.
User-Centric Similarity and Proximity Measures for Spatial Personalization
Authors: Yang Yanwu , Claramunt Christophe , Aufaure Marie-Aude , Zhang Wensheng
Published: November 2011

Spatial personalization can be defined as a novel way to fulfill user information needs when accessing spatial information services either on the web or in mobile environments. The research presented in this paper introduces a conceptual approach that models the spatial information offered to a given user into a user-centered conceptual map, and spatial proximity and similarity measures that considers her/his location, interests and preferences. This approach is based on the concepts of similarity in the semantic domain, and proximity in the spatial domain, but taking into account user’s personal information. Accordingly, these spatial proximity and similarity measures could directly support derivation of personalization services and refinement of the way spatial information is accessible to the user in spatially related applications. These modeling approaches are illustrated by some experimental case studies.
Combining kNN Imputation and Bootstrap Calibrated
Authors: Qin Yongsong , Zhang Shichao , Zhang Chengqi
Published: November 2011

The k-nearest neighbor (kNN) imputation, as one of the most important research topics in incomplete data discovery, has been developed with great successes on industrial data. However, it is difficult to obtain a mathematical valid and simple procedure to construct confidence intervals for evaluating the imputed data. This chapter studies a new estimation for missing (or incomplete) data that is a combination of the kNN imputation and bootstrap calibrated EL (Empirical Likelihood). The combination not only releases the burden of seeking a mathematical valid asymptotic theory for the kNN imputation, but also inherits the advantages of the EL method compared to the normal approximation method. Simulation results demonstrate that the bootstrap calibrated EL method performs quite well in estimating confidence intervals for the imputed data with kNN imputation method.
Study on Synthesis and Fluorescent Properties of Ternary and Quaternary Rare Earth Europium Complexes
Authors: Hao Xao Xiu , Meng Jie , Sun Cheng
Published: November 2011

Synthesis and fluorescent properties of rare earth Rare earth complexes ultraviolet photochromic materials such as ternary and quaternary europium complexes were synthesized in this,we selected the high luminescent β-diketones such as α-thenoyltrifluoroacetone(HTTA),fine fragrant carboxylic acid and o-phenanthroline as ligands. The structure of the ternary and quaternary europium complexes were studied by IR spectrum, indicated that these complexes have bonded with the ligands. The fluorescent properties were studied systematically by fluorescence spectrophotometer, relative fluorescence intensity of the ternary and quaternary europium complexes were quantitative determinated ,these europium complexes showed invisible in the visible light and showed obvious red fluorescence under ultraviolet light. This study of the rare earth europium photochromic materials have theoretical and practical application guidance to security printing ink and packing. Experiment shows, The fluorescence properties of Eu(BA)3Phen and Eu(BA)(TTA)2Phen indicated that two excitation spectrum are banded spectrum, the energy which the ligands have absorbed transmitted effectively to europium ion. The fluorescence emission bands of Eu(BA)3Phen and Eu(BA)(TTA)2Phen are similar, but the relative fluorescence intensity of5D0→7F2of Eu(BA)(TTA)2Phen is far bigger than Eu(BA)3Phen. The two complexes have the low symmetry, have the good monochromaticity.
Effect of pH on the Luminescent Properties of the Green Fluorescent Ink-Jet Ink
Authors: Gao Shao Hong , Wei Xian Fu , Huang Bei Qing , Lu Chun Yan
Published: November 2011

pH value of fluorescent ink-jet ink has an obvious influence on fluorescent powder, high or low pH value could cause some problems, such as fluorescence quenches, fluorescent quantum yield decreased, and so on. And these factors make against fluorescent ink-jet ink luminous properties reach the best result. This article is to design fluorescent ink-jet ink formula when it is exposured to deep Ultraviolet light to display green, and a series of ink samples were prepared. pH regulator was used to regulate pH value of green fluorescent ink-jet ink system. This paper discusses the effects of pH value on luminous intensity, fluorescent quantum yield. The results indicated that triethanolamine can regulate pH value of fluorescent ink-jet ink, when pH value increases from 8.70 to 11.20, luminous intensity, fluorescent quantum yield have a decrease tendency.
Study Main Properties of Two Systems Watermark Varnish
Authors: Gu Ling Ya , Huang Bei Qing , Zhao De Ping , Yuan Wei
Published: November 2011

In order to obtain good watermark on paper by printing, vegetable oil system and UV light-curing system watermark varnish were prepared by changing the type of vegetable oil, prepolymer and monomer, then test its permeability and refractive index, study the effects of these components on the performance of watermark varnish. Print watermark varnish by screen printing to examine the watermark. The results show that watermark varnish prepared with different type of vegetable oil has different permeability, but refractive index is very close. Adding prepolymer can improve permeability and refractive index of vegetable oil system watermark varnish. If the specific gravity of prepolymer and monomer is greater, permeability of UV curing system watermark varnish is higher. If refractive index of prepolymer and monomer is bigger, refractive index of varnish is bigger. Printing effect of UV curing system watermark varnish is better than vegetable oil system watermark varnish.
Preparation of the Plastic Water-Based Gravure Primary Ink with High Pigment
Authors: Sun Jia Zhen , Wei Xian Fu , Huang Pei Qing , Liu Qing Li
Published: November 2011

The water-based gravure ink contains no volatile organic solvents and makes little environmental pollution, so it will be used widely as one promising environment-protecting ink. The dryness of water-based ink is always one hard point, because the printing carrier plastic hasn’t absorbability. To improve the dryness speed, the use of shallow version reducing the transfer is a common way. In order to reach the quality requirements of the graver press, the ink with high pigment is necessary. In this text getting printable ink samples, the primary ink that is dispersed by high-speed grinding is maxed with good- compatible water-based resin, co-solvent and auxiliary in proportion. Then getting the proof of the ink using IGT F1, the viscosity, size distribution, color density were tested . The influence of pigment/binder ratio to the viscosity, dispersibility and adherence of the ink were discussed. The result indicates that with the pigment/binder ratio promoting, the viscosity of the primary ink is decreasing. The dispersibility of primary ink is influenced by the pigment/binder ratio, when the pigment/binder is 2:1 ,the size of ink is the smallest. The pigment/binder ratio in primary ink has a certain influence to the adherence and the apparent performances of the ink. And the color density and the gloss of the proof are also influenced.
Analysis on Ink Layer Rub Resistance for Coated Paper Prints
Authors: Zhou Wen Hua , He Bei Hai , Zhang Chun Xiu , Han Yue
Published: November 2011

Having been coated, the surface unevenness and pores on paper were covered by a coating layer composed of fine particles and binders, which can absorb ink well, thereby a good uniformity and smoothness of paper could be obtained, consequently, the reproducing capability for printing dot and good whiteness, gloss and opacity can be improved. In theory, the ink rub resistance for coated paper print is mainly affected by the ink absorbance property of paper, printing conditions, ink components, rub medium and so on. In this study, seven different kinds of coated papers, the viscosities of the inks were adjusted with a viscosity adjusting agent, and then the prints were prepared by proofing with the ink with different viscosities. After drying, the prints were used for rub testing. The impact of the basic properties of coated paper and the content of reducer in inks on rub resistance were discussed on the basis of a comparative analysis of the experimental data. Printing color density loss rate and print color difference were exploited in this paper to characterize the ink rub resistance for coated paper prints. In this study, it was found that ink rub resistance was mainly influenced by ink absorbency and smoothness of the paper. Under the similar conditions, the color density of coated paper print decreases with the rub strength increasing, color difference increased gradually, but not linearly. With the increase of ink viscosity reducer content, printing density loss rates as well as color difference changed, but not be linearly.
Research on the Carbon Emissions of Glass Brewage Packaging Vessel
Authors: Fu Ya Bo , Liu Xin Ran , Xu Wen Cai , Li Dong Li , Meng Ling Yang
Published: November 2011

Low carbon and environment friendly are the two development trends of green printing and packaging industries, and also are the inherent requirement of implementation of China’s energy saving policy. Recently, the calculation of carbon footprint on packaging has been a focus, and it is expected to be an evaluating index to estimate global greenhouse gas emissions. The rapid development of China’s beer industry has brought a series of environmental problems, such as the large consumption of resources and the heavy burden to the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the research on the carbon emissions of beer packaging. In this work, glass brewage packaging vessel was selected as researching object, its carbon emissions were investigated by mixed LCA method. Through the relevant carbon emissions research of the processes during the whole life cycle including raw materials’ production, packaging process, transportation, consumption, recycling and so on, the carbon footprint on glass brewage packaging vessel were calculated. With the comparison and analysis, some advices were given to reduce carbon emissions for beer packaging. The result provides a case support for energy conservation in the field of green packaging.
Measurement of Ozone in the Printing Process
Authors: Yu Gui Wen , Lin Jing , Qian Feng
Published: November 2011

To monitoring the ozone concentration in the atmosphere of the printing process, a compact ozone monitor was developed. The compact ozone monitor is consisting of a low pressure mercury capillary lamp and semiconductor photo detectors and one single (28cm) optical cell. The second UV-detector was introduced to improve the resolution and stability of the instrument. The ozone monitor with compact size and simple structure features good linearity, repeatability, and very good selectivity.
Experiment Research on the Plastic Film Thickness Affect the Rice Quality
Authors: Gong Xue , Chang Jiang , Sun Zhi Hui
Published: November 2011

This article aimed at the main problems which appeared in process of transport and storage of rice, analyzed the physical characters, chemical component，storage characteristic and the relation between them and the fresh- keeping effect of rice. Our experimentation took the rice in market of northwest as the research object, took the different thickness plastic film as packaging material, emphasized analyzed the effect on the quantity change of water content, fatty acid, reductive sugar and viscosity and the aging mechanism of rice in different thickness of plastic film.
Study on Chitosan Food Preservatives Technology
Authors: Qin Rui Rui , Xu Wen Cai , Li Dong Li , Luo Shi Yong
Published: November 2011

With the improvement of living standards, the requirement of food quality, nutrition, and freshness have been higher and higher. As the characteristics of highly effective, non-toxic, low cost, easy operation and significantly preservation effect, chitosan has been used widely as a new type of natural antistaling agent. Chitosan fresh-keeping mechanism and application in food preservatives are discussed in this study. From the three aspects of chitosan coating, composite coating, and chitosan modification, this work provides an overview of some researches about chitosan fresh food technology in abroad and domestic. And further development is discussed: the effect of the sole use of chitosan is not very good. Composite coating of chitosan will be more and more attractive with the merits about effectively preventing moisture loss, reducing weightlessness rate and so on. Storage stability about liquid chitosan can be solved by modified chitosan, which will also have a more attractive effect. This paper has theoretical significance to develop chitosan applications in food fresh-keeping technology.
Research Development of Antibacterial Plastic Packaging
Authors: Luo Shi Yong , Zhao Jun Yan , Zhang Xin Lin , Xu Wen Cai
Published: November 2011

This article describes different types of antimicrobial agents added into plastic, such as inorganic antibacterial agents, organic antibacterial agents and natural antimicrobials. And summarize new environmental protection antibacterial technology in the application of plastic packaging, from the aspects about molecular self-assembly technology, nanotechnology, natural antimicrobials and composite antimicrobials technique. Finally, this article briefly introduces the development prospect of antibacterial plastic packaging. We developed plastic products prepared by different antibacterial such as the molecular assembly antibacterial, nanoscale antibacterial agent, natural antimicrobials and composite antimicrobials, at the same time considering its mould proof and insect-resistant.
Effect of Temperature on Barrier Properties of Soy Protein Isolate Films
Authors: Ma Xiu Feng , Chen Mo , Meng Kai , Li Fei Fei
Published: November 2011

The influence of temperature on oxygen and water vapour permeation in cast soy protein isolate (SPI) films was investigated at the range of 10–40° C at 50% relative humidity. At tested temperatures, the SPI films exhibited transmission rate values of 22.48–150.90 g m−2day−1and 5.67–67.48 cm3m−2day−1for water vapour and O2, respectively. The results indicated that the relationship between temperature and the oxygen/water vapour transmission rate of the SPI films followed an exponential grow curve [y=A*exp(x/B) + C]. Furthermore, the activation energy (Ea) value of the O2permeation process was calculated by fitting the Arrhenius model to the experimental data.
Study on a Solvent-Free PBA/CO-Based PU Adhesive for Aluminum-Plastics Compounding
Authors: Yan Jin , Chen Guang Xue , Chen Shuang Lian , Wu Da Qing
Published: November 2011

In this paper, the polyurethane prepolymer (Component A) was synthesized with PBA, Castor oil, and IPDI as raw material. The structure and viscosity of PU prepolymer was characterized by IR spectra and rotary rheometer. The thermal performance, adhesion properties and water resistance of cured adhesive films were respectively determined by Thermogravimetric analysis (TG), T-style peel strength test, and water absorption test. The results showed that the addition of castor oil reduced the viscosity of prepolymer and greatly improved the water resistance of cured adhesive, but never affected the thermal performance of adhesive. Besides, castor oil was cheaper, easily obtained and more natural than other polyols. However, castor oil slightly decreased the adhesion strength of adhesive. So the amount of castor oil should be considered.
Research of Sheet-Fed Offset Damping System Green Printing Technology
Authors: Chen Li Qiang
Published: November 2011

Lithographic printing press must maintain a stable standard printing environment; we need to maintain the ink-water balance for achieve stability print quality. Not only stable for ink supply, but also stable supply of dampening solution from dampening circulation system. The study tries to conduct less proportion of alcohol to reduce emissions of volatile IPA, using green printing technology in the standard production. This study analyzed a variety of automatic sheet-fed offset press dampening system to study how to control the tank fluid additives, and reduce alcohol consumption. Design standard operation of "automatic green formula system“, the system should contain four main functions: purity water systems, precise formulation systems, circulated filtration system and computer numerical control system. Its purpose: to make the operation under the automated water quality standards, make stable print quality and increase printing capacity, increase product yield, reduce pollution. The water dampening system makes the quality and stability while reducing pollution emissions.
The Synthesis of the Ether Compounds of Polycondensation Resin of the Pyrogallic Acid and the Divinylbenzene
Authors: Sha Xu Zheng , Zou Ying Quan
Published: November 2011

In order to better promote the localization of Positive CTP (Compute To Plate), based on the results of previous studies in our laboratory, synthesize an ether compounds of polycondensation resin of the pyrogallic acid and the divinylbenzene. The best conditions of the synthesis have been studied in the catalyst, solvent, reaction temperature, reaction time and molar ratio of reactants. The thermal CTP plate had been made by the new ether compounds of polycondensation resin of the pyrogallic acid and the divinylbenzene, it showed an excellent imaging performance.
Study of Synthesis and Characteristic of Diazoresins Used in Waterless Printing Plate
Authors: Wang Jian Guo , Zou Ying Quan
Published: November 2011

Some improvements had been made to the way of synthesis of diazoresins used in waterless lithographic printing plate by adjusting pH to 7 when anion exchanging and so on. Diphenylamine-4-diazonium salts (DDS) and the corresponding resins (the polycondensation product with formaldehyde) were synthesized and their structures were identified on the basis of their spectroscopic IR and 1H-NMR. The result of the experiment indicated that the diazoresins synthesized by this way had better resolvability, especially mesitylenesulfonate diazoresine and dodecyl benzenesulfonate diozoresin. What’s more, these diazoresins were applied to imaging composition of waterless lithographic printing plate with polyvinyl butyral resin and colorizing background dye. And an ink-repellent crosslinked silicone elastomer layer was superimposed on the light-sensitive layer above. The result showed that the waterless lithographic printing plate had excellent sensitivity, developing latitude, good ink receptivity and good ink repellency in the background areas.
Influence of Ink Fineness on the Performance of Water-Based Cork Paper Bobbin Gravure Ink
Authors: Yu Mao Jie , Huang Bei Qing , Wei Xian Fu , Lv Yu Bin
Published: November 2011

To survey the influence of ink fineness on the performance of the water-based cork paper bobbin gravure ink and improve the printing quality of ink, the water-based cork paper bobbin gravure inks with different pigment fineness were prepared and the viscosity of ink, glossiness of the printing proof, the abrasion resistance of ink film and other property parameters were tested. The research shows that the ink fineness has a great influence on the water-based cork paper bobbin gravure ink. If the ink fineness is bad, the ink would have a low viscosity. If the ink fineness is good, the glossiness of the printing proof and the abrasion resistance of ink film would be high.
The Effects of Resin on the Performance of Water-Based Inkjet Ink Used in Printing
Authors: Yan Ji Fang , Huang Bei Qing , Wei Xian Fu , Dai Jin Wei
Published: November 2011

People pay more and more attention to water-based printing inkjet ink which has no environmental pollution and fits environmental protection requirements. Inkjet printing technology could be applicable small batch and various variety products and satisfy the customer’s personalized requirements. Resin as one of the main compositions of printing inkjet ink has important effects on ink’s performance. To determine the effects of resin on the performance of water-based printing inkjet ink, adopting grinding method prepare the samples by changing resin and its proportion. By testing the samples’ particle size, viscosity, surface tension, pH value, the effects of resin on the water-based printing inkjet ink were analyzed. The results show that the type of resin and composite ratio has some effects on the performance of printing inkjet ink. When the resin was mixed in accordance with Resin B/Resin C=29/21, the performance of printing inkjet ink which was diluted with this resin was better.