bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Heroic Epic of Manas and Mukhtar Auezov’s Role in Its Popularization
Authors:   Karasaev Bishkek Humanities University, Bolotbek M. Akmatov
Published: November 2020

heroic epic of Manas and the publication of its parts in the twentieth century. The purpose of the article is to determine the place of the famous monograph “The Kyrgyz heroic epic of Manas” by M. O. Auezov in a series of works on epic studies. Objectives of the article: to describe M. O. Auezov’s research dedicated to the Kyrgyz epic of Manas from the standpoint of defining the functions of manaschi (storyteller, poet, shaman) and the preserved pre-Islamic cult of ancestors among the Kyrgyz; to substantiate M. O. Auezov in the aspect of Kyrgyz studies and Manas studies. The relevance of the work consists in summarizing the contribution of M. O. Auezov to Kyrgyz and Manas Studies in connection with new trends in education in the Republic of Kyrgyzstan, caused by the adoption of the Law “On the Manas Epic” in 2011. The scientific novelty of the work lies in a new approach to understanding the works by M. O. Auezov in the aspect of theory of mentality, that is practically not involved in literary practice. M. O. Auezov introduced into scientific circulation the terms associated with the performers of the epic, yrchi and zhomokchi. He was the first to describe the history of Kyrgyz manaschi ‒ storytellers: from a contemporary of Manas Keldibek to Sagymbay Orozbаkov, a contemporary of M. O. Auezov. Manas himself chooses those who will perform the epic dedicated to him. The text of the epic keeps the spirit of the people, i. e. the heroic epic of Manas contains the spiritual basis of Kyrgyz culture, its mentality. M. O. Auezov summarized the data on manaschi and outlined their main functions: a storyteller, a poet, a shaman. The scientist pointed to the pre-Islamic cult of ancestors that has come down to us among the Kyrgyz people. Keywords: the epic of Manas, manaschi, pre-Islamic Turkic spiritual culture, works by M. O. Auezov, mentality, myth, cult of ancestors, the Kyrgyz language picture of the world
Axiology of Faust: A Tragedy Translation in the Context of Russian-European Intercultural Relations
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Galina М. Vasilyeva
Published: November 2020

Appealing to the problem is associated with updating the concept of “world literature” in Western science. The relevance of the topic is determined by the need for a diachronic and synchronous description of the I. Goethe’s tragedy translations in the context of the comparative literature achievements. The history of translation takes on a continual dimension. In studying the translation’s internal morphological structure by the classic, they highlight the existential potential inherent in it, the revitalization of the text. The purpose of the study is reception and filiation of Goethe’s ideas towards translation, which underlies cultural continuity. The goal has predetermined the tasks: to analyze Goethe’s introspective interpretation of the concept of “status of a translator” with a projection onto the reader, to consider the poetic idiolect and sociocultural foundations of tragedy translation. The cultural transfer method is used to analyze changes in translation as a receiving work; the hermeneutic method with elements of the thesaurus and phenomenological approaches helps to understand the archetypes that maintain stability. The tragedy translation strategies in the context of Goethe’s etalon and “expert” ideas about translation are explored in the article. Goethe acknowledged that we translate every text into another language – approximately or precisely. In translation, the original not only reproduces itself, but also “grows”. He considered the translation, the reconstruction of the work system in another language, regeneration, amplification. Goethe examined a number of cultural, historical translation issues. The relationship between translatable and untranslated is especially fragile due to the spontaneity of Goethe, the artist and the thinker. As a result, the text does not sound like an eternity-oriented poetic act, but in inimitably private, like the statement “here and now”. Goethe called the prose text of the poetic work “the initiator of hunger”: it encourages the reader to study the original. Interlinear, an extensive path from phrase to phrase without omissions, implies academic accuracy and is a kind of semantic standard. Goethe leads in different scenes the same lines (semantic axioms), highlights words with “diminutive” semantics. Many statements are based on the rules of paroemia. Languages that are not within the same cultural range provide examples of expressive discrepancies. The approach of the most Russian translators can be called an assimilating strategy.
On the Question of Using the Civilian Population of the USSR by German Intelligence in 1941–1944
Authors:   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Krasnozhenova E. E. , Kulinok S. V. ,   National Archives of the Republic of Belarus
Published: November 2020

During 1941–1944 the German occupation and intelligence services created an extensive network of training centers (schools and courses) in the occupied territories of the USSR. Mostly Soviet prisoners of war were involved in reconnaissance and sabotage work, although a significant number of agents were recruited from the civilian (non-military) population. First, people who were in active or passive opposition to the Soviet regime were attracted: former emigrants, those repressed or dispossessed, ideological opponents, criminals, and others. At the same time, a significant number of agents were recruited from the civilian population who remained in the occupied territories, especially from its most vulnerable categories (women and children). The recruited agents were used to carry out reconnaissance and sabotage missions, both in the rear of the USSR and in parts of the Red Army, and against the resistance movement. On the territory of the BSSR occupied by the Germans, sixteen training centers were opened where saboteur children were trained, and more than twenty were opened to train “agents in skirts”. Similar schools and courses were opened in Russia, Ukraine, and the Baltic states. The Soviet secret services and partisan counterintelligence bodies were well informed about such work of the German secret organs. The performance of agents trained from among the civilian population was low. There were some tactical successes and actions by enemy agents (especially on the eve and during the period of punitive operations), but strategically this work by the Germans actually failed.
An Alternative on the Ideological Front: Petrograd University and Power in the Context of the Civil War
Authors:   Karelian Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Krivonozhenko A. F.
Published: November 2020

The article deals with the situation in Petrograd University (St. Petersburg State University) which developed during the Russian Civil War. The University was one of the biggest centers of science and education at the beginning of the First World War. The Bolsheviks’ coming to power was not accepted by professors and students, and during 1917–1919 they awaited the fall of the Bolsheviks in Petrograd. Thus, the University corporation was an ideological enemy of the Bolsheviks. This antagonism further intensified during the realization of high school reform by Narkompros. The University did not want to lose its autonomy; however, the Bolsheviks perceived it as a source of counterrevolutionary activity. This led to repression of University professors in 1919 during the offensives of General Yudenich against Petrograd. Further, attention is paid to how the University community perceived the Civil War. The infamous “philosophical steamboat” was the last act of state terror against the Petrograd University during the Civil War. The University became a symbol of an alternative to the reform of higher education, based on autonomy and opposed to the position of the Bolshevik authorities, that remained unrealized.
Risk assessment of uranium in drinking water in Hisar district of Haryana, India
Authors: Duggal Vikas , Sharma Samriti , Singh Amandeep
Published: November 2020

The present study highlights uranium concentrations, associated health risks and physico-chemical properties of groundwater samples collected from the Hisar district of Haryana State, India. We found that uranium concentrations in 21 out of 68 (30.9%) samples exceeded the WHO provisional guideline value of 30 μg L−1. The annual effective doses were estimated for different life stage groups. The highest dose was calculated for infants. From a radiological perspective, the mean cancer mortality risk and cancer morbidity risk were found to be 4.7 × 10−5 and 7.3 × 10−5, respectively, which are lower than the permissible limit of 1.67 × 10−4 as prescribed by the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, India. The lifetime average daily dose (LADD) of uranium ranged from 0.03 to 7.83 μg kg−1 day−1. Approximately 23.5% of the samples showed significant chemical toxicity risk. A positive correlation between uranium and total dissolved solids (TDS) was observed.
STRUCTURE OF AUTOBIOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATION OF VETERAN COSMONAUTS
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Gushchin V.I. , Kuvshinova O.L. ,   Center for testing and development «Humanitarian technologies», LLC, Moscow, Shalina O.S. ,   A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of the Ministry of Healthcare, Suedfeld P. ,   University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, Johnson Ph.J. ,   University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Published: November 2020

The paper deals with the structural analysis of self-representations of cosmonauts who have finished their flight careers. Self-representation is a central formation of ego-consciousness while profession and family are two important spheres of the human realization and formation, line of development. The authors consider how veteran cosmonauts represent their families and professional selves, and place of career and family in their lives in context of the theories of activities (A.N. Leontiev) and self-determination (E. Deci, P. Ryan). We analyzed self-representations of 15 veterans enrolled in the corps of cosmonauts in 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. According to our data, different decades mark individual epochs, each with own social-historical context. Cosmonauts in these groups differ in perception of career success, family history, attitude to the life and personal mission at large. Work and family are unequal in their «weight» within the self-representation or self-consciousness structure.
THE CONDITION OF THE OPTIC NERVE SHEATHS AND BLOOD OUTFLOW PATHWAYS FROM THE CRANIAL CAVITY IN A 21-DAY DRY IMMERSION ACCORDING TO THE ULTRASOUND RESEARCH METHODS
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kriushev E.S. , Moreva T.I. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2020

Venous blood circulation and liquid dynamics in the brain, and collateral venous blood circulation were investigated in participants of 21-day dry immersion study. The ultrasonic technique was used to measure the optic nerve sheaths, register hemodynamics in the internal jugular vein, inferior vena cava and superficial femoral vein. We observed a significant acceleration of blood flow through the jugular veins by day 7 with a decrease in the lumen of the jugular veins and a gradual expansion of the liquor space around the optic nerves. Hemodynamics in the vena cava inferior as a potential collateral of outflow from the cranial cavity indirectly suggests reorganization of the outflow pathway and venous blood distribution between the jugular and vertebral pathways in specific periods of exposure to immersion. After the immersion, all hemodynamic parameters returned to their initial levels; however, after two weeks of recovery the inverse trend in the state of optic nerve sheaths was observed only in some of the participants.
ROLE OF CLINICAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS IN DETECTION OF A PROPENSION TO DEVIANT BEHAVIOR IN AVIATION SPECIALISTS
Authors:   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Kniga V.V. , Krapivnitskaya L.V. ,   JSC «Centre of Aviation Medicine», Moscow, Krapivnitskaya T.A. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow
Published: November 2020

One of the major concerns of the aviation health safety management is enhancement of the flight personnel medical certification system. The investigation was focused on individual typology of civil pilots prone to alcoholism. Subjects were 112 pilots suspected in alcohol abuse and 189 normal pilots as controls. The standard protocol of investigations was complemented by the clinical psychological tests including MMPI, Szondi test, H. Eysenck intelligence test, and projective drawing tests. It was proven that ethanol degrades pilot's personality. The initial stage of this process can be diagnosed using the clinical psychological tests listed above. The authors propose a testing algorithm for inclusion in the crew medical certification procedure.
POTENTIALITY OF RADIATION STERILIZATION IN PREPARATION FOR THE EXOMARS MISSION
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Deshevaya Е.А. , Khamidullina N.M. ,   Lavochkin Association, Khimki, Moscow Region, Chasovskikh A.V. ,   Joint Stock Company Scientific Research Institute of Technical Physics and Automation, Moscow, Kharin S.S. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novikova N.D. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sychev V.N. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2020

The paper presents the experimental justification of sterilizing γ-radiation doses for microorganisms isolated from clean rooms used to assemble the ExoMars descant module (DM). The dominant microorganisms in the clean rooms include radiation-resistant spore forming Bacillus species. Optimal sterilization doses were sought for by irradiation of a DM mockup element and bio-indicators representing the radiation-resistant strains. As a result, exposure to fractionated γ-sterilization with the absorbed dose of 25 ± 2 kGy from two sides of the element was defined as the most effective.
Potential Implications of Black Seed and its Principal Constituent Thymoquinone in the Treatment of COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Khan Masood Alam , Younus Hina
Published: November 2020

Background:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the current
pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The progression of COVID-19 is related to an excessive host inflammatory
immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, which is considered a major cause of disease severity and death.
Dysregulated immune response produces huge amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines called "cytokine
storm". Moreover, the activation of microthrombi formation plays an important role in multiple organ failure.

Methods:

Keeping into the consideration of the potent anti-inflammatory activity of black seed and its major constituent
thymoquinone (TQ), we hypothesize their potential implication in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. A literature search
was performed in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google scholar and Scopus electronic databases by using the terms, including
black seed, N. sativa, thymoquinone, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and inflammatory immune response.

Reslts:

Various studies confirmed that Black seed and TQ reduced the thrombus formation, the expression of tissue factor
and the immune activation. Furthermore, TQ demonstrated the broad spectrum antimicrobial activity that may be effective
in controlling the secondary infections in COVID-19 patients.

Conclusion:

Keeping into consideration the multi-targeting nature of the black seed and TQ, they may be used as a potential
therapeutic formulation or as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of COVID-19 patients.
Hot Melt Extrusion and its Application in 3D Printing of Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Deshkar Sanjeevani , Rathi Mrunali , Zambad Shital , Gandhi Krishnakant
Published: November 2020

Hot Melt Extrusion (HME) is a continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing process that
has been extensively investigated for solubility improvement and taste masking of active pharmaceutical
ingredients. Recently, it is being explored for its application in 3D printing. 3D printing of
pharmaceuticals allows flexibility of dosage form design, customization of dosage form for personalized
therapy and the possibility of complex designs with the inclusion of multiple actives in a single
unit dosage form. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a 3D printing technique with a variety
of applications in pharmaceutical dosage form development. FDM process requires a polymer filament
as the starting material that can be obtained by hot melt extrusion. Recent reports suggest
enormous applications of a combination of hot melt extrusion and FDM technology in 3D printing
of pharmaceuticals and need to be investigated further. This review in detail describes the HME
process, along with its application in 3D printing. The review also summarizes the published reports
on the application of HME coupled with 3D printing technology in drug delivery.
Neurophysiological Mechanisms Related to Pain Management in Bone Tumors
Authors: Romero-Morelos Pablo , Ruvalcaba-Paredes Erika , Garciadiego-Cázares David , Pérez-Santos Martín , Reyes-Long Samuel , Alfaro-Rodriguez Alfonso , Salcedo Mauricio , Mancilla-Ramírez Javier , Bandala Cindy
Published: November 2020

Background:

Primary and metastatic bone tumor incidence has increased in the previous
years. Pain is a common symptom and is one of the most important related factors to the decrease of
quality of life in patients with bone tumor. Different pain management strategies are not completely
effective and many patients afflicted by cancer pain cannot be controlled properly. In this sense, we
need to elucidate the neurophysiology of cancer-induced pain, contemplating other components
such as inflammation, neuropathies and cognitive components regarding bone tumors, and thus
pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches in this field.

Aim:

This study aims to identify the neurophysiology of the mechanisms related to pain management
in bone tumors.

Methods:

Advanced searches were performed in scientific databases: PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCO,
and the Science Citation index to get information about the neurophysiology mechanisms related to
pain management in bone tumors.

Results:

The central and peripheral mechanisms that promote bone cancer pain are poorly understood.
Studies have shown that bone cancer could be related to neurochemicals produced by tumor
and inflammatory cells, coupled with peripheral sensitization due to nerve compression and injury
caused by tumor growth. The activity of mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons, substance P, cysteine/
glutamate antiporter, and other neurochemical dynamics brings us putative strategies to suggest
better and efficient treatments against pain in cancer patients.

Conclusion:

Cancer-induced bone pain could include neuropathic and inflammatory pain, but with
different modifications to the periphery tissue, nerves and neurochemical changes in different neurological
levels. In this sense, we explore opportunity areas in pharmacological and nonpharmacological
pain management, according to pain-involved mechanisms in this study.
Oleic Acid Vesicles as a New Approach for Transdermal Delivery of Econazole Nitrate: Development, Characterization, and In-vivo Evaluation in Wistar Rats
Authors: Verma Shivani , Utreja Puneet
Published: November 2020

Background::

Cutaneous candidiasis is a deep-seated skin fungal infection that
is most commonly observed in immunocompromised patients. This fungal infection is
conventionally treated with various formulations like gels and creams which are having
different side effects and the least therapeutic efficacy. Hence, it becomes necessary to
develop a novel carrier system for the treatment of this deep-seated skin fungal infection.
Econazole nitrate is the most widely used antifungal for the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis
and many patents have been granted by various pharmaceutical scientists around
the globe related to nanocarrier systems for transdermal delivery of antifungal drugs like
econazole nitrate (ECN) therefore, we developed and evaluated econazole nitrate loaded
oleic acid vesicles in the present research work for treatment of cutaneous candidiasis
through transdermal route.

Methods::

Econazole nitrate loaded oleic acid vesicles were prepared by thin-film hydration
and characterized for drug entrapment, vesicle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index
(PDI), Fourier Transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning
calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Furthermore, the oleic acid
vesicular gel was evaluated for ex-vivo skin permeation/retention and in-vitro and in-vivo
antifungal activity in Wistar rats.

Results::

Econazole nitrate loaded oleic acid vesicles showed high encapsulation of drug
(74.76 ± 3.0%), acceptable size (373.4 ± 2.9 nm), and colloidal characteristics (PDI =
0.231 ± 0.078, and zeta potential = -13.27 ± 0.80 mV). The oleic acid vesicular gel
showed high skin permeation (Transdermal flux = 61.98 ± 2.45 μg/cm2/h), skin retention
(35.90 ± 2.06%), in-vitro, and in-vivo antifungal activity compared to marketed cream (Ecoderm
R) of econazole nitrate for a prolonged time (4 days).

Conclusion::

Developed econazole nitrate loaded oleic acid vesicles could be used effectively
in the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis with minimization of side effects of econazole
nitrate with increased therapeutic efficacy.
Zadania pielęgniarki w opiece nad pacjentem w przebiegu raka płuc z wykorzystaniem ICNP
Authors: Ciechanowska Karolina
Published: November 2020

Introduction. Lung cancer is a malignant tumor that comes from epithelial cells. It is one of the most common cancers in both men and women. As we get older, the number of cases and deaths increases. The main factor in the incidence of lung cancer is smoking. In the initial stage of the disease lung cancer is most often asymptomatic, therefore there is a low detection of this cancer. By the application of early prophylaxis and appropriately selected therapy it is possible to avoid an increase in lung cancer morbidity and deaths. Aim. The purpose of this work is to define the tasks of a nurse in the care of a lung cancer patient using ICNP®. Case study. A 76-year-old patient in the pulmonary ward complains about chronic chest pain and exercise dyspnea. The patient is a long-standing smoker. The patient requires education about the disease and self-care and help in everyday activities. Due to the planned diagnosis and treatment, the patient feels anxiety and anxiety. Conclusions. The comprehensive and individualised nursing care has improved the quality of life of the patient and has allowed to avoid adverse effects in the course of the disease.
Mobile Health App With Social Media to Support Self-Management for Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: Prospective Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Li Wen-Yi , Chiu Fu-Chun , Zeng Jyun-Kai , Li Yao-Wei , Huang Su-Hua , Yeh Hui-Chin , Cheng Bor-Wen , Yang Feng-Jung
Published: November 2020

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health burden. Self-management plays a key role in improving modifiable risk factors.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of wearable devices, a health management platform, and social media at improving the self-management of CKD, with the goal of establishing a new self-management intervention model.

Methods

In a 90-day prospective experimental study, a total of 60 people with CKD at stages 1-4 were enrolled in the intervention group (n=30) and control group (n=30). All participants were provided with wearable devices that collected exercise-related data. All participants maintained dietary diaries using a smartphone app. All dietary and exercise information was then uploaded to a health management platform. Suggestions about diet and exercise were provided to the intervention group only, and a social media group was created to inspire the participants in the intervention group. Participants’ self-efficacy and self-management questionnaire scores, Kidney Disease Quality of Life scores, body composition, and laboratory examinations before and after the intervention were compared between the intervention and control groups.

Results

A total of 49 participants completed the study (25 in the intervention group and 24 in the control group); 74% of the participants were men and the mean age was 51.22 years. There were no differences in measured baseline characteristics between the groups except for educational background. After the intervention, the intervention group showed significantly higher scores for self-efficacy (mean 171.28, SD 22.92 vs mean 142.21, SD 26.36; P<.001) and self-management (mean 54.16, SD 6.71 vs mean 47.58, SD 6.42; P=.001). Kidney Disease Quality of Life scores were also higher in the intervention group (mean 293.16, SD 34.21 vs mean 276.37, SD 32.21; P=.02). The number of steps per day increased in the intervention group (9768.56 in week 1 and 11,389.12 in week 12). The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of the intervention group was higher than that of the control group (mean 72.47, SD 24.28 vs mean 59.69, SD 22.25 mL/min/1.73m2; P=.03) and the decline in eGFR was significantly slower in the intervention group (–0.56 vs –4.58 mL/min/1.73m2). There were no differences in body composition between groups postintervention.

Conclusions

The use of wearable devices, a health management platform, and social media support not only strengthened self-efficacy and self-management but also improved quality of life and a slower eGFR decline in people with CKD at stages 1-4. These results outline a new self-management model to promote healthy lifestyle behaviors for patients with CKD.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04617431; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04617431
Induction of Efficacy Expectancies in an Ambulatory Smartphone-Based Digital Placebo Mental Health Intervention: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Stalujanis Esther , Neufeld Joel , Glaus Stalder Martina , Belardi Angelo , Tegethoff Marion , Meinlschmidt Gunther
Published: November 2020

Background

There is certain evidence on the efficacy of smartphone-based mental health interventions. However, the mechanisms of action remain unclear. Placebo effects contribute to the efficacy of face-to-face mental health interventions and may also be a potential mechanism of action in smartphone-based interventions.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate whether different types of efficacy expectancies as potential factors underlying placebo effects could be successfully induced in a smartphone-based digital placebo mental health intervention, ostensibly targeting mood and stress.

Methods

We conducted a randomized, controlled, single-blinded, superiority trial with a multi-arm parallel design. Participants underwent an Android smartphone-based digital placebo mental health intervention for 20 days. We induced prospective efficacy expectancies via initial instructions on the purpose of the intervention and retrospective efficacy expectancies via feedback on the success of the intervention at days 1, 4, 7, 10, and 13. A total of 132 healthy participants were randomized to a prospective expectancy–only condition (n=33), a retrospective expectancy–only condition (n=33), a combined expectancy condition (n=34), or a control condition (n=32). As the endpoint, we assessed changes in efficacy expectancies with the Credibility Expectancy Questionnaire, before the intervention and on days 1, 7, 14, and 20. For statistical analyses, we used a random effects model for the intention-to-treat sample, with intervention day as time variable and condition as two factors: prospective expectancy (yes vs no) and retrospective expectancy (yes vs no), allowed to vary over participant and intervention day.

Results

Credibility (β=−1.63; 95% CI −2.37 to −0.89; P<.001) and expectancy (β=−0.77; 95% CI −1.49 to −0.05; P=.04) decreased across the intervention days. For credibility and expectancy, we found significant three-way interactions: intervention day×prospective expectancy×retrospective expectancy (credibility: β=2.05; 95% CI 0.60-3.50; P=.006; expectancy: β=1.55; 95% CI 0.14-2.95; P=.03), suggesting that efficacy expectancies decreased least in the combined expectancy condition and the control condition.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first empirical study investigating whether efficacy expectancies can be successfully induced in a specifically designed placebo smartphone-based mental health intervention. Our findings may pave the way to diminish or exploit digital placebo effects and help to improve the efficacy of digital mental health interventions.

Trial Registration

Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02365220; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02365220.
Virtual Cancer Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond: A Call for Evaluation
Authors: Levine Oren Hannun , McGillion Michael , Levine Mark
Published: November 2020

The interplay of virtual care and cancer care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is unique and unprecedented. Patients with cancer are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and have worse outcomes than patients with COVID-19 who do not have cancer. Virtual care has been introduced quickly and extemporaneously in cancer treatment centers worldwide to maintain COVID-19–free zones. The outbreak of COVID-19 in a cancer center could have devastating consequences. The virtual care intervention that was first used in our cancer center, as well as many others, was a landline telephone in an office or clinic that connected a clinician with a patient. There is a lack of virtual care evaluation from the perspectives of patients and oncology health care providers. A number of factors for assessing oncology care delivered through a virtual care intervention have been described, including patient rapport, frailty, delicate conversations, team-based care, resident education, patient safety, technical effectiveness, privacy, operational effectiveness, and resource utilization. These factors are organized according to the National Quality Forum framework for the assessment of telehealth in oncology. This includes the following 4 domains of assessing outcomes: experience, access to care, effectiveness, and financial impact or cost. In terms of virtual care and oncology, the pandemic has opened the door to change. The lessons learned during the initial period of the pandemic have given rise to opportunities for the evolution of long-term virtual care. The opportunity to evaluate and improve virtual care should be seized upon.
Derivation of Respiratory Metrics in Health and Asthma; Machine Learning Methodology (Preprint)
Authors: Prinable Joseph , Jones Peter , Boland David , McEwan Alistair , Thamrin Cindy
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

The ability to continuously monitor breathing metrics may have indications for general health as well as respiratory conditions such as asthma. However, few studies have focused on breathing due to a lack of available wearable technologies.

OBJECTIVE

Examine the performance of two machine learning algorithms in extracting breathing metrics from a finger-based pulse oximeter, which is amenable to long-term monitoring.

METHODS

Pulse oximetry data was collected from 11 healthy and 11 asthma subjects who breathed at a range of controlled respiratory rates. UNET and Long Short-Term memory (LSTM) algorithms were applied to the data, and results compared against breathing metrics derived from respiratory inductance plethysmography measured simultaneously as a reference.

RESULTS

The UNET vs LSTM model provided breathing metrics which were strongly correlated with those from the reference signal (all p<0.001, except for inspiratory:expiratory ratio). The following relative mean bias(95% confidence interval) were observed: inspiration time 1.89(-52.95, 56.74)% vs 1.30(-52.15, 54.74)%, expiration time -3.70(-55.21, 47.80)% vs -4.97(-56.84, 46.89)%, inspiratory:expiratory ratio -4.65(-87.18, 77.88)% vs -5.30(-87.07, 76.47)%, inter-breath intervals -2.39(-32.76, 27.97)% vs -3.16(-33.69, 27.36)%, and respiratory rate 2.99(-27.04 to 33.02)% vs 3.69(-27.17 to 34.56)%.

CONCLUSIONS

Both machine learning models show strongly correlation and good comparability with reference, with low bias though wide variability for deriving breathing metrics in asthma and health cohorts. Future efforts should focus on improvement of performance of these models, e.g. by increasing the size of the training dataset at the lower breathing rates.

CLINICALTRIAL

Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee (#LNR\16\HAWKE99 ethics approval).
Patterns for Patient Engagement with the Hypertension Management and Effects of Electronic Health Care Provider Follow-up on These Patterns: Cluster Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Wu Dan , An Jiye , Yu Ping , Lin Hui , Ma Li , Duan Huilong , Deng Ning
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

Hypertension is a long-term medical condition. Electronic and mobile health care services can help patients to self-manage this condition. However, not all management is effective, possibly due to different levels of patient engagement (PE) with health care services. Health care provider follow-up is an intervention to promote PE and blood pressure (BP) control.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to discover and characterize patterns of PE with a hypertension self-management app, investigate the effects of health care provider follow-up on PE, and identify the follow-up effects on BP in each PE pattern.

METHODS

PE was represented as the number of days that a patient recorded self-measured BP per week. The study period was the first 4 weeks for a patient to engage in the hypertension management service. K-means algorithm was used to group patients by PE. There was compliance follow-up, regular follow-up, and abnormal follow-up in management. The follow-up effect was calculated by the change in PE (CPE) and the change in systolic blood pressure (CSBP, SBP) before and after each follow-up. Chi-square tests and z scores were used to ascertain the distribution of gender, age, education level, SBP, and the number of follow-ups in each cluster. The follow-up effect was identified by analysis of variances. Once a significant effect was detected, Bonferroni multiple comparisons were further conducted to identify the difference between 2 clusters.

RESULTS

Patients were grouped into 4 clusters according to PE: (1) PE started low and dropped even lower (PELL), (2) PE started high and remained high (PEHH), (3) PE started high and dropped to low (PEHL), and (4) PE started low and rose to high (PELH). Significantly more patients over 60 years old were found in the PEHH cluster (P≤.05). Abnormal follow-up was significantly less frequent (P≤.05) in the PELL cluster. Compliance follow-up and regular follow-up can improve PE. In the clusters of PEHH and PELH, the improvement in PE in the first 3 weeks and the decrease in SBP in all 4 weeks were significant after follow-up. The SBP of the clusters of PELL and PELH decreased more (–6.1 mmHg and –8.4 mmHg) after follow-up in the first week.

CONCLUSIONS

Four distinct PE patterns were identified for patients engaging in the hypertension self-management app. Patients aged over 60 years had higher PE in terms of recording self-measured BP using the app. Once SBP reduced, patients with low PE tended to stop using the app, and a continued decline in PE occurred simultaneously with the increase in SBP. The duration and depth of the effect of health care provider follow-up were more significant in patients with high or increased engagement after follow-up.
Análisis del dossier genético de "La muerte bailando", un relato recuperado de Ramón del Valle-Inclán
Authors: Abalo Gómez Adriana
Published: November 2020

«La muerte bailando», uno de los relatos recuperados de Ramón del Valle-Inclán y publicado en el volumen Valle-Inclán inédito (2008) por Joaquín del Valle-Inclán, está estrechamente vinculado al proceso de escritura de la última serie de su autor: El Ruedo Ibérico. Esta obra quedó inacabada por motivos todavía desconocidos y la recuperación del texto aquí objeto de estudio podría estar apuntando a su continuidad. Se ha realizado un primer acercamiento crítico a los materiales de génesis desprendidos de su proceso de escritura desde los presupuestos de la critique génétique, con el objetivo de ofrecer una descripción de su dossier genético que nos permita contribuir al conocimiento del modus operandi del autor al frente de su última obra, y más específicamente, al conocimiento de sus estrategias de escritura.
THE EFFECT OF GOVERNMENTAL LAWS AND PHARMACEUTICAL ETHICS ON BUILDING A DISTINCTIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHARMACISTS AND THEIR CUSTOMERS
Authors: ABDELMALEK (ABUJARAD ALHUWITAT) MAYSOON
Published: November 2020

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of governmental laws and pharmaceutical ethics on building a distinctive relationship between pharmacists and their customers from the perspective of pharmacists in Jordan through measuring the customers’ satisfaction and their perceived value.

Methods: This study is a descriptive and correlative one. A self-administrated questionnaire was distributed to a random sample of 110 pharmacists working in private pharmacies to measure the effect of governmental laws and pharmaceutical ethics on building a distinctive relationship between pharmacists and customers.

Results: ANOVA-test showed a significant effect of governmental laws and pharmaceutical ethics on building a distinctive relationship between pharmacists and their customers (p = 0.003) and on the customer–perceived value (p = 0.00). Multiple regression analysis showed a significant effect of the application of ethical standards on building a distinctive relationship between pharmacists and their customers (p = 0.006) and a significant effect of both dimensions: (application of laws and regulations) and (application of ethical standards) on customer–perceived value (p = 0.004, p = 0.009) respectively. Moreover, there was a statistically significant effect of the application of ethical standards on customers’ satisfaction (p = 0.03).

Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, there should be an effort by the government and the private institutions responsible for the pharmacy profession in Jordan to contribute to build a distinctive relationship between pharmacies and their customers, as this relationship increases the perceived value and satisfaction of customers.
DRUG UTILIZATION EVALUATION OF ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR BLOCKER (ARB) ALONG WITH THEIR ADRS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: RIYASAT MOHAMMAD , SHAMIM MD. , HARIA JIGAR , ALI MOHAMMAD DAUD , HUSSAIN MAHFOOZ , ALAM MD. SARFARAZ , AHMAD SARFARAZ
Published: November 2020

Objective: To evaluate the drug utilization of Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB) along with their ADRs in a tertiary care hospital. And to monitor, report of adverse drug reaction and drug interactions, if any.

Methods: The patients who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled into the study. The pertinent data such as demographic details, drug name, dose, frequency, and laboratory data were gathered from medical records of the patient and results were analyzed.

Results: Total of 100 patients were included in this study, the maximum utilization of antihypertensive drug (ARB) was telmisartan (90%) and widely use of ARBs in the age group of 41-50 y. Total 32 ADRs were observed and most probable ADRs included headache (42.8%), Nausea (14.28%) and dizziness (12.5%).

Conclusion: Telmisartan was the most prescribed and utilized drug than the other drugs of ARBs. Maximum ADRs were noted in females, the most frequent ADRs headache, nausea and dizziness were reported. The majority of reactions were probable on causality assessment done by WHO-UMC and Naranjo’s scale having mild severity. So it can be concluded that considering risk factors, prevention and management of ADRs can drastically improve the therapeutic outcomes of the patients.
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-PROLIFERATIVE EFFECTS OF AN ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF THE HYDRO-ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SYNEDRELLA NODIFLORA (L) GAERTN
Authors: AMOATENG PATRICK , BEKOE EMELIA OPPONG , AMPONSAH SETH KWABENA , APPIAH-OPONG REGINA , OSEI-SAFO DORCAS , N’GUESSAN BENOIT BANGA , CHAITANYA M. V. N. L. , RAJESHKUMAR RAMAN , DHANABAL S. P.
Published: November 2020

Objective: Synedrella nodiflora is traditionally used in the treatment of several ailments. Pharmacologically, this plant has anticonvulsant, sedative, anti-nociceptive and anti-proliferative effects. This study further investigated S. nodiflora for its antioxidant and in vitro inhibition of cancerous cell lines.

Methods: Phytochemical assays, and the DPPH radical scavenging method were employed in preliminary screening for antioxidant activities of the crude hydro-ethanolic extract (SNE) and resulting fractions. The potent ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), was further investigated for total phenol and flavonoid contents, reducing power, lipid peroxidation potential, and cytotoxic effects on human breast cancer (MCF-7), leukemic (Jurkat), and normal liver (Chang’s liver) cell lines.

Results: The extract contained phenols, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, sterols, terpenoids, and alkaloids. It scavenged for DPPH with an IC50 of 114 µg/ml, whereas that of EAF was 8.9 µg/ml. EAF prevented peroxidation of egg lecithin at an IC50 of 24.01±0.08 µg/ml. These IC50s are four and three times lower than the reference standards. EAF produced anti-proliferative effects against MCF-7, and Jurkat cell lines with IC50s of 205.2 and 170.9 µg/ml, respectively. EAF had a high IC50 of 252.2 µg/ml against Chang’s liver cells. At 0.1 mg/ml EAF had similar total flavonoid content to SNE, but a significantly higher total phenol content.

Conclusion: The ethyl acetate fraction of S. nodiflora, exhibited the most potent antioxidant activity. It inhibited the proliferation of breast and leukemic cancer cell lines, whiles having weak cytotoxic effect on normal liver cells. These can be explored for further drug development.
Efeito do exercício calistênico na dor e capacidade cardiorrespiratória de idosos com Doença Arterial Obstrutiva Periférica
Authors: Marin Lilian , Salerno Alessandra Paula , Variani Flavia
Published: November 2020

Introdução: A Doença Arterial Obstrutiva Periférica (DAOP) é uma doença vascular que provoca diminuição ou obstrução dos vasos que conduzem o sangue. O tratamento fisioterapêutico é apontado como o primeiro procedimento a ser adotado no combate da DAOP e seus sintomas clínicos, uma vez pode ser aplicado a todos os indivíduos, pela sua facilidade de aplicabilidade. Objetivo: Verificar o efeito de um programa de exercício fisioterapêutico de curto prazo em idosos com DAOP. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo do tipo relato de caso no qual participaram três idosos, estes foram submetidos a avaliação fisioterapêutica com a utilização da escala de claudicação de Edimburg (1983), escala de Borg, escala visual analógica do dor (EVA) e teste de caminhada de 6 min, após submetidos a um protocolo de exercícios de 10 intervenções consecutivas  Conclusão: Com a análise dos resultados pode-se verificar que intervenção fisioterapêutica precoce em indivíduos com DAOP há menos de três meses, gerou boas respostas em curto período de tempo, Evidenciou-se na variável EVA a qual demonstrou melhores resultados, diminuindo de 07 para 0. Na Distância Prevista obtiva–se maiores resultados quando comparado à avaliação inicial e final. Houve modificações significativas também na PAS e FC quando comparado avaliação final e inicial.
Strategie myślenia o resocjalizacji na tle przemian paradygmatów w pedagogice
Authors: Kowalski Mirosław , Magda Ernest
Published: November 2020

W artykule zawarto opis zmian, jakie zaszły w działalności resocjalizacyjnej w Polsce na przestrzeni kilkudziesięciu lat, ze wskazaniem aktualnych tendencji rozwojowych w teoriii praktyce resocjalizacyjnej. Ewolucję zmian można zaobserwować w podejściu do istoty natury ludzkiej i problemu zła, w odpowiedzialności za problemy, które człowiek generujei za rozwiązywanie tych problemów, a także w obrazie samego wspomaganego w procesie resocjalizacji, czy w końcu w percepcji roli wychowawcy (osoby pomagającej).
Pozycja ustrojowa Państwowej Komisji do spraw wyjaśniania przypadków czynności skierowanych przeciwko wolności seksualnej i obyczajności wobec małoletniego poniżej lat 15
Authors: Klimaszewski Michał
Published: November 2020

Aktualnie istotnym społecznie problemem, wybrzmiewającym w przestrzeni dyskusji publicznej, jest brak w przeszłości właściwej reakcji organów państwa oraz różnych instytucjispołecznych na zjawisko seksualnego wykorzystania małoletnich poniżej 15. roku życia. Doprowadziło to w wielu przypadkach do przedawnienia tych przestępstw i braku możliwościukarania sprawców, a co za tym idzie poczucia głębokiej niesprawiedliwości wśród ofiar tych czynów. Podobna sytuacja dotyczyła procederu niezawiadamiania organów ścigania o takichprzestępstwach pomimo posiadania wiarygodnych informacji. Prawną odpowiedzią na taki stan rzeczy jest powołanie nowego organu administracji w postaci Państwowej Komisji dospraw wyjaśniania przypadków czynności skierowanych przeciwko wolności seksualnej i obyczajności wobec małoletniego poniżej lat 15. Przedmiotem analizy jest wskazanie pozycjiustrojowej Komisji przez pryzmat innych instytucji działających w polskim porządku prawnym, takich jak RPO i RPD. Wskazanie kompetencji Komisji oraz statusu członków pozwala określić ewentualne zagrożenia występujące w procesie działania i realizacji przypisanych zadań. W dotychczasowej literaturze przedmiotu brakuje podobnych analiz, ponieważ akcent dyskusji naukowej został położony na prawnokarne gwarancje osoby, która na mocy wprowadzonych zmian może być wpisana do Rejestru Sprawców Przestępstw na Tle Seksualnym. Rozważania prowadzone są metodą porównawcza, analizują rozwiązania ustrojowe w stosunku do działania i sposobu organizacji innych organów szeroko rozumianej administracji państwowej, skupiają się na mechanizmach gwarantujących skuteczną pracę Komisji.
Występowanie zaburzeń osobowości wśród więźniów a ich resocjalizacja
Authors: Czubak Katarzyna , Gawda Barbara
Published: November 2020

Artykuł koncentruje się na więźniach z zaburzeniami osobowości, które powodują wiele problemów społecznych i osobistych. Celem analiz było opisanie rodzajów zaburzeńosobowości u więźniów. Ponadto sprawdzano czy istnieje zróżnicowanie w zakresie patologii osobowości w zależności od wymiaru kary w zakładzie karnym oraz wielokrotności recydywy(liczby wyroków). W badaniu wzięła udział grupa więźniów (N = 314). Autorzy zmierzyli cechy zaburzeń osobowości za pomocą Ustrukturalizowanego Wywiadu Klinicznego do BadaniaZaburzeń Osobowości z osi II DSM-IV. Wyniki wskazują, że najczęściej w grupie więźniów występowały cechy zaburzeń osobowości antyspołecznej, narcystycznej i borderline orazodnotowano zjawisko współwystępowania cech zaburzeń. Wykazano, iż więźniowie, którzy odbywają dłuższy wymiar kary pozbawienia wolności oraz cechują się wielokrotnością recydywy(posiadają większą liczbę wyroków) przejawiają wyższy poziom cech antyspołecznego zaburzenia osobowości.