bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GO NATURAL, SAY NO TO CHEMICALS - A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON EFFECTIVENESS OF GREEN TEA EXTRACT CONTAINING FORMULATIONS ON DENTAL CARIES
Authors: PRABAKAR JAYASHRI , JOHN JOSEPH , ARUMUGHAM I MEIGNANA , KUMAR R PRADEEP , D SRISAKTHI
Published: October 2019

Objective: In recent years, the side effects encountered with the use of chemicals has led to the search for safe anticariogenic alternatives. Green tea is one such naturally occurring alternative which possesses anticariogenic activity through a direct bactericidal effect against cariogenic microorganisms. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review was to analyze the existing literature on the effectiveness of green tea extract containing formulations on dental caries.

Methods: The databases of PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct, Metapress, and Google Scholar were searched up to July 2015 for the related topic. References of the selected articles and relevant reviews were searched for any missed publications.

Results: The systematic search revealed a total of 437 publications which were scrutinized based on eligibility criteria. Six publications fulfilled the criteria and 431 publications were excluded from the review. Out of six studies, three studies reported a statistically significant difference in favor of green tea while two studies showed no statistically significant difference between the groups. One study reported no statistically significant difference between the two groups; however, the reduction observed in chlorhexidine (control group) was slightly greater than green tea.

Conclusion: With the available evidence, it can be concluded that green tea extract containing formulations are effective in reducing cariogenic microflora and caries increment.
IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY OF PLECTRANTHUS AMBOINICUS MEDIATED SILVER NANOPARTICLES AGAINST URINARY TRACT PATHOGENS
Authors: S SREELAKSHMY , S THANGAPANDIYAN
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of the present study is to synthesize green mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract and to evaluate its antibacterial activity against selected urinary tract infection (UTI) causing bacteria.

Methods: Phytoconstituents present in leaf extract of P. amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng were analyzed by standard qualitative tests. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by visual inspection, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity of synthesized AgNPs was examined against the UTI pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter sp., Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia coli. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of AgNPs were carried out by broth dilution method and standard plate count method, respectively.

Results: Synthesized AgNPs exhibited a spherical shape with an average size of 17.3 nm. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs against tested bacterial pathogens showed a maximum inhibition zone of 22.00±1.00 mm against P. aeruginosa. The bacterial growth inhibition was confirmed by MIC and MBC.

Conclusion: P. amboinicus leaf extract mediated AgNPs could be used as an effective antibacterial agent for the management of UTIs. Surface modifications of urinary catheters with AgNPs may prevent the risk of contamination and the associated infections.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIOXIDANT (FLAVONE-3-RUTINOSIDE, 3, 3’, 4’, 5, 7-PENTAHYDROXY) FROM LEAVES OF MELIA DUBIA
Authors: G DAYANA JEYALEELA , N BALASUBRAMANI , VIMALA J DR. ROSALINE
Published: October 2019

Objective: Various antioxidants are extensively found at different levels in many medicinal plants. This study mainly focuses on identification and separation of antioxidant from the leaf extract of Melia dubia.
Materials and Methods: Soxhlet extraction adopted for extraction using solvents, namely hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, 70% Ethanol, methanol, and water. The antioxidant capacity of six extracts was analyzed by quick and convenient 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method. The compound responsible for high scavenging activity was isolated and separated by chromatography techniques such as thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Antioxidant was characterized by UV-visible, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), H1-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), C13-NMR, and mass spectroscopy.
Results and Discussion: On extraction, water extract shows the highest yield percentage followed by methanol and 70% ethanol. Based on our results, IC50 value among the extracts, methanol and 70% ethanol, showed high antioxidant activity. Antioxidant which is commonly present in the methanol and 70% ethanol extract is flavone-3-rutinoside, 3, 3’, 4’, 5, 7-pentahydroxy.
Conclusion: The occurrence of the antioxidant, i.e. rutin flavonoid was identified in the study, and the biological activity of this compound will determine in future work.
A RECENT UPDATE ON HISTOGENESIS OF ADENOMATOID ODONTOGENIC TUMOR: A REVIEW
Authors: AHMED SAHANAZ P , ARULMOZHI NANDAKUMAR , RAMYA RAMADAS , KARUNYA KRISHNAKUMAR
Published: October 2019

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is a relatively rare benign, epithelial tumor of odontogenic origin. There is varying class of thoughts contemplating this lesion to be a hamartoma or neoplastic growth of odontogenic epithelium. Controversy regarding the histogenesis of the lesion is plentiful in earlier literature. The recent advent of immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies has aided in throwing light on the tissue of origin of this tumor. This review aims at understanding the evolving concepts of histogenesis of AOT to better understand the biological behavior of the lesion. The review of AOT was carried out using PubMed and Google Scholar databases and 39 articles from the year 2001 to 2016 which contributed to the histogenesis of AOT were included for review. Since the origin of the cystic lining is similar to a reduced enamel epithelium and not the dental lamina, we propose the former to be the progenitor of AOT. Furthermore, we consider extra-follicular, as well as peripheral AOTs, originate from the remnants of Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath (epithelial rests of Malassez), which complies with the common histology for all these variants.
COLD ANTIBODY-MEDIATED AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA IN A PATIENT WITH OVERLAP SYNDROME OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS WITH SJOGREN’S SYNDROME
Authors: BAIRY INDIRA , BERWAL ANUPAM , V CHARANTHEJREDDY , PRABHU MUKHYAPRANA
Published: October 2019

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disorder commonly seen in females characterized by multisystem inflammation with the production of an array of antibodies. Hematological disturbances are common in SLE specifically autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) which results from the development of autoantibodies directed against antigens on the surface of patient’s own red blood cells. Here, we present a rare case of a 50-year-old female patient presenting with cold antibody-mediated AIHA.
EVALUATION OF PHYTOCONSTITUENTS, AND ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF JUGLANS REGIA FROM KASHMIR REGION
Authors: KHAN ISHFAQ , CHAUHAN NEHA , PK CHAUHAN , KHAN MOHD. AZHAR
Published: October 2019

Objectives: The main focus of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy (against oral pathogenic bacteria), free radical scavenging activity, and total phenolic and flavonoids content (TPC and TFC) of methanolic extract (ME) of J. regia obtained from Kashmir region.

Methods: The plant part was collected and its ME was prepared. ME was subjected to antibacterial activity against oral bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The free radical scavenging activity was determined using 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazylhydrate (DPPH) assay. TPC and TFC were also determined using a standard curve equation of gallic acid and quercetin. A standard curve using different concentrations of gallic acid and quercetin was drawn from which the concentration of phenols in the test sample was calculated and expressed in mg/g.

Results: The ME of J. regia was found effective against all the strains of microorganisms responsible for oral infection understudy. It was also observed that scavenging of DPPH increased with the increase in concentration for both standard ascorbic and methanolic bark extract of J. regia showing its antioxidant potential. The TPC and TFC of ME was found to be 43.35±0.079 and 17.28±0.125.

Conclusions: The results obtained from the study clearly indicate that the walnut bark from Kashmir region can be a good candidate for employment as an antibacterial against oral pathogens. J. regia bark was found to be a good source of healthy compounds such as phenolic and flavonoids, suggesting that its bark could be useful to prevent diseases in which free radicals are present.
EFFECT OF STREBLUS ASPER LEAVES ON LOCOMOTION, ANXIETY AND COGNITION IN RATS
Authors: NEEKHRA SACHIN , AWASTHI HIMANI , SINGH DCP
Published: October 2019

Objective: The current study deals with the evaluation of neuropharmacological activities of hydroalcoholic extract of the plant Streblus asper.

Methods: Hydroalcoholic extract of S. asper leaves was administered to animals at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o., respectively. The neuropharmacological activities, namely, anxiolytic, muscle-relaxant, nootropic, and locomotor activities of hydroalcoholic extract of S. asper leaves were evaluated. The antioxidant activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of S. asper leaves was also investigated.

Results: The dose 400 mg/kg p.o. of hydroalcoholic extract indicated significant variation with control group on neuropharmacological activity, especially nootropic and locomotion, whereas the mentioned dose did not show a significant effect on anxiolytic and muscle-relaxant activities. Percentage scavenging activities and inhibition concentration (IC50) were reported as 63.132 at 100 μg/ml and 35.33, respectively.

Conclusion: It was found that hydroalcoholic extract of S. asper leaves can treat central nervous system disorders caused by oxidative stress.
METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS QUANTIFICATION OF NETUPITANT AND PALONOSETRON IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM AND THEIR FORCED DEGRADATION STUDY BY RP-HPLC
Authors: M MANORANJANI
Published: October 2019

Objective: The present paper describes a simple, accurate, and precise reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for rapid and simultaneous quantification of netupitant (NTP) and palonosetron (PLS) in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form.

Methods: The chromatographic separation was achieved on Luna C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μ). Mobile phase contained a mixture of 0.1% orthophosphoric acid and acetonitrile in the ratio of 60:40 v/v, flow rate 1.0 ml/min, and ultraviolet detection at 222 nm.

Results: The proposed method shows a good linearity in the concentration range of 60–900 μg/ml for NTP and 0.1–1.5 μg/ml for PLS under optimized conditions. All the precision and recovery results are in between 98 and 102%. In the entire robustness conditions, percentage of relative standard deviation is <2.0%. Degradation has minimum effect in stress condition and solutions are stable up to 24 h. This method is validated different parameters such as precision, linearity, accuracy, limit of detection, limit of quantification, ruggedness, robustness, and forced degradation study were determined according to the International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) Q2B guidelines.

Conclusion: All the parameters of validation were found to be within the acceptance range of ICH guidelines. Since there is no HPLC method reported in the literature for the estimation of NTP and PLS in pharmaceutical dosage forms, there is a need to develop quantitative methods under different conditions to achieve improvement in sensitivity, selectivity, etc. Hence, the author has attempted to develop a validation and forced degradation for simultaneous quantification of NTP and PLS.
SCIENTIFIC VALIDATION OF SOME NEPALESE MEDICINAL PLANTS FROM NANGLE BHARE OF KATHMANDU, NEPAL
Authors: SUBBA BIMALA , TIMILSINA MAHESH PRASAD
Published: October 2019

Objective: The present study was designed to provide scientific support for the medicinal properties of traditionally used medicinal plants of Nangle Bhare, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Methods: Plant extracts were prepared by cold percolation method using methanol solvent. Analysis of phytochemical constituents was carried out using standard methods. The brine shrimp toxicity assay for each extract was carried out according to Mayer et al. The 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhyrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay were used to evaluate in vitro antioxidants activities. The antimicrobial activity of the plant extracts was carried by the disc diffusion method.

Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the availability of secondary metabolites such as reducing compounds, glycosides, and flavonoids in the methanolic extract of eight plants, namely, frond of Cheilanthes farinosa, leaves of Lyonia ovalifolia, leaves and roots of Rumex nepalensis, aerial stem of Equisetum debile, roots of Coix lacrema-jobi, leaves of Justica adhatoda, leaves of Osyris wightiana, and roots of Rubus ellipticus collected from Nangle Bhare village of Kathmandu district. The brine shrimp bioassay revealed that roots and leaves of R. nepalensis only exhibited lethality against brine shrimp. Frond of C. farinosa and roots of R. nepalensis exhibited good antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Both DPPH and FRAP assays showed that among the plant under study, R. ellipticus has lower inhibitory concentration IC50 values than other plants such as L. ovalifolia, R. nepalensis, and C. farinose.

Conclusions: On the basis of this study, it was found that scientifically only four, namely C. farinosa, L. ovalifolia, R. nepalensis, and R. ellipticus have medicinal potentials.
PHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF MORINGA CONCANENSIS NIMMO LEAF: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: SINGH AMERENDRA , MISHRA JAI NARAYAN , SINGH SANTOSH KUMAR
Published: October 2019

In the current years, the use of traditional medicine is increasing and gaining popularity. The extracts of Moringa concanensis Nimmo leaves have reported many medicinal uses. In the previous few decades, a massive quantity of scientific facts concerning plants, crude extracts, and quite a number supplies from plant life as medicinal dealers has come to light. M. concanensis is a plant whose components are oftentimes used in the medicinal treatments. There are good sized anecdotal facts about the organic undertaking of M. concanensis which includes anticancerous, antibacterial, antifungal, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory type of activities. The leaves of M. concanensis had been located to contain a higher quantity of triterpenoids and flavonoids. The existing assessment includes the phytochemical, ethnopharmacological, and pharmacological reviews of M. concanensis. The future scope of the plant has been emphasized with a view to isolate bioactive moieties which should be used for multifarious biological activities.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL ANTIAGING CREAM FORMULATION CONTAINING ANNONA SQUAMOSA LEAF EXTRACT
Authors: MAHAWAR VANDANA , PATIDAR KALPANA , JOSHI NEELAM
Published: October 2019

Objective: The aim of this research article is to develop and evaluate herbal antiaging cream using Annona squamosa leaf extract because of its antioxidant potential.

Method: Free radical scavenging activity of Annona squamosa aqueous was determined by DPPH method. 0.5 ml of each solution of concentration of sample was added to 3 ml of 0.004% ethanolic DPPH free radical solution. After 30 minutes the absorbance of the preparations were taken at 517 nm by a UV spectrophotometer which was compared with the corresponding absorbance of standard ascorbic acid. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of Annona squamosa (custard apple) leaf extract shows the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and phenols and absence of terpenoids and steroids

Results: Formulation A3 shows good DPPH scavenging activity as compare to formulation A1 and A2 and ascorbic acid. Formulation A3 is stable for 3 months.

Conclusion: Due to high antioxidant values of Annona squamosa it is concluded that it is possible to develop anti-aging cream using aqueous extract of Annona squamosa leaf.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROSCOPY ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND BIOSYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING SPROUT EXTRACTS OF VIGNA RADIATA L. AND THEIR ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY
Authors: T SIVAKUMAR
Published: October 2019

Objectives: The present study was aimed to investigate the facile synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the green gram sprout extract (GGSE) of Vigna radiata L. and also in vitro studies of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

Methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy techniques have been used for the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the phytochemicals present in the green gram seedlings. The antioxidant activity of AgNPs and GGSE was analyzed using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. In vitro antibacterial activity was performed using the agar well diffusion method.

Results: The presence of various secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, alkaloids, amino acids, polyphenol, glycoside, and protein was found in samples. The major chemical compounds of V. radiata were n-hexadecanoic acid, stigmasterol, caffeine, hexadecanoic acid, cholest-5-en-3-ol (3.beta.)-, and cyclopentane. The percentage of DPPH activity was enhanced on increasing the concentration of AgNPs. In vitro antibacterial effect of the diverse concentrations of AgNPs was investigated against each Gram-negative (Klebsiella aerogenes, and Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Bacillus substilis and Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial strains.

Conclusion: The result suggests that biosynthesized AgNPs have good antibacterial and antioxidant activity and might be a potential for the bioactive components.
MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION TECHNIQUE FOR THE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC QUANTIFICATION OF IVERMECTIN IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION
Authors: S MADHAN , J KAVITHA , KS LAKSHMI
Published: October 2019

Objective: The present abstract makes the use of multivariate calibration technique for the quantification of ivermectin in pharmaceutical dosage form.

Methods: Multivariate calibration technique is based on the use of linear regression equations, by correlating the relation between concentration and absorbance at seven different selected wavelengths. The λmax of ivermectin was found to be 245 nm. The results were treated statistically. This statistical approach gives optimum results by eliminating the fluctuations arising from the instrumental or experimental conditions.

Results: The developed method was validated as per the ICH guidelines and was found to be simple, linear, accurate, precise, and reproducible. The method was found to be linear over a concentration range of 5–15 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient (r2) value of about 0.9998. The limit of detection and quantification were found to be 0.029 and 0.087 μg/mL, respectively. The percentage relative standard deviation for intraday and interday precision was found to be in the range of 0.473–1.373 and 0.301–1.617, respectively. The percentage recovery was found within the range of 97.60–101.80% w/w.

Conclusion: The results evidence that a simple, linear, precise, accurate, sensitive, and reproducible multivariate calibration technique has been developed and validated for the quantification of ivermectin in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation.
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR THE QUANTIFICATION OF CARISOPRODOL USING FERRIC CHLORIDE, O-PHENANTHROLINE, AND P-NITROANILINE, SODIUM NITRITE AS ANALYTICAL REAGENTS
Authors: D MURALI , RAO G PURNA CHANDRA
Published: October 2019

Objective: The present study represents the development of two spectrophotometric methods for the determination of carisoprodol (CCP) in pure and formulations using ferric chloride, o-phenanthroline, and p-nitroaniline (PNA), sodium nitrate as analytical reagents.

Methods: The proposed spectrophotometric methods were developed based on oxidation of Fe3+ by CCP, and then, the resultant product was reacted with o-phenanthroline in acidic condition forms an orange-colored complex and diazotization of PNA followed by coupling with CCP in an alkaline medium forms yellow-colored complex.

Results: Under the optimized conditions, the absorbance of CCP concentration obeyed the Beer’s law in the ranges of 10–60 μg/mL with good correlation coefficient values of 0.9992 and 0.9990 with the limit of detection values of 1.286 and 2.408 μg/mL, respectively.

Conclusion: The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of CCP in pure and in their formulations.
A COMPARATIVE SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF THE TOTAL PHENOLICS, FLAVONOIDS, AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES IN THE SEED EXTRACTS OF PUNICA GRANATUM L., PSIDIUM GUAJAVA L., AND VITIS VINIFERA L.
Authors: S NELSON SAMBA , ALAGAR YADAV SANGILIMUTHU
Published: October 2019

Objectives: The synthetic antioxidants produce numerous adverse effects to overcome these adverse effects and the use of natural products is the alternative. In this study, the evaluation of total phenolics, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant properties of Punica granatum, Psidium guajava, and Vitis vinifera seed extracts was done.

Methods: The total phenolic content was estimated with gallic acid equivalent and the total flavonoid contents were estimated on quercetin equivalent. For the antioxidant properties of selected seed extracts, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, ferrous reducing power, and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assays were followed to find the free radical scavenging ability of the selected seed extracts.

Results: The ethyl acetate extract of P. granatum seed contains higher phenolic content (70.25±1.25 μg/ml) and flavonoid content (58.15±1.85 μg/ml) and possesses a high free radical scavenging ability. Based on the inhibitory effects of fruit seeds against synthetic radicals, they can be ranked as P. granatum>P. guajava>V. vinifera.

Conclusion: According to overall observations of the study, the pomegranate seed extract contains a higher level of phenolic and flavonoid contents and shows a higher scavenging effect against free radicals among the others seeds. Phytochemical screening showed that the ethyl acetate extract of pomegranate fruit seed possesses more secondary metabolites compared to other seed extracts.
DYNAMICS OF REALIZATION OF FIVE BASIC THERAPEUTIC CLASSES OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS IN THE FAR EAST OF RUSSIA
Authors: SERGEEVNA SOBOLEVA MARIA , EFIMOVNA LOSKUTOVA EKATERINA
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
EFFECT OF CRUDE EXTRACT AND PHYTOSTEROL FRACTION OF FUMARIA OFFICINALIS IN INDUCED HYPERTROPHIC SCAR OF RABBITS
Authors: S NOORI HANAN , ABU‑RAGHIF AHMED
Published: October 2019

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the role of crude extract and phytosterol fraction of Fumaria officinalis in experimentally induced hypertrophic scar in rabbits.

Methods: Surgical wounds were performed on day 1 with an 8‑mm biopsy punch four wounds were created on the ventral surface of the rabbit ear (in vivo) down to cartilage. Triamcinolone acetonide (TAC), crude and phytosterol extracts of F. officinalis L. are administered topically to established scars on day 31. The outcome measures included study of histopathology of skin sections, transforming growth factor beta‑1 (TGF‑β1), level, and collagen three alpha1 in skin tissue.

Results: In comparison with the induced hypertrophic scar, all treatment produced a significant reduction in scores of TGFβ1, collagen III, inflammation, and measurement of SEI (p ≤ 0.01). The most significant reduction in inflammation and thickness observed in TAC and extract of crude F. officinalis L. Only crude F. officinalis L. decrease fibroblast counts in comparison to induced hypertrophic scar group and other group (p ≤ 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between the treatment groups in terms of TGF β1and collagen III.

Conclusion: Topical crude extract of F. officinalis L. was more effective in the treatment of induced hypertrophic scar as compared with phytosterol of F. officinalis L. and comparable to the effectiveness of topical TAC.
SYNTHESIS, ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION, DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY, AND DOCKING STUDIES OF SOME NEW 2-MERCAPTO PYRIMIDINE SCHIFF BASES
Authors: AL-JUBOORI SAHAR B. , MAHMOOD AMMAR A. RAZZAK
Published: October 2019

Objective: Pyrimidine derivatives are reported to possess antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, and anticonvulsant activities. Encouraged by this remarks, we decided to synthesize novel compounds of new 2-macraptopyrimidine linked to Schiffs̕ bases.

Methods: The present work involves the synthesis of new 2-mercaptopyrimidine linked to Schiffs̕ bases. The starting, 2-mercaptopyrimidine, compound (1) reacted with thiourea to afford the corresponding 1-(pyrimidin-2-yl) thiourea (2). Then compound (2) was used as the key intermediate to prepare the -1-(2-hydroxy benzylidene)-3-(pyrimidin-2-yl) thiourea (3), and (1-benzylidine)-3-(pyrimidin-2-yl) thiourea (4), through the reaction with 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and benzaldehyde, respectively.

Results: All the synthesized compounds were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared and1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The synthesized derivatives were screened for their in vitro, antibacterial activity against two Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus and four Gram-negative bacteria: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi, and the results showed that most of them have good antibacterial activity. While their antifungal activity against three fungi species (Aspergillus fumigates, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terrus and Rhizopus) revealed that compounds (2-4) displayed the most potent antifungal activity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations for the synthesized 2-mercapto pyrimidine derivatives were conducted, using a molecular structure with optimized geometry. Highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies and structures are demonstrated.

Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity indicates that compounds (3) and (4) are the most active than the compounds (1) and (2). Molecular docking revealed that compounds (3) and (4), with bulky phenyl groups are essential to blocking the active centers of glucose -6-phosphate synthase in the bacteria and fungi.
Filosofía y literatura: un diálogo por continuar
Authors: Martiarena Óscar
Published: October 2019

By reading some parts of Hölderlin’s poetry and the thought of Nietzsche and Heidegger, the author tries to show the relevance of the dialogue between philosophy and literature in the Modern age, especially after the separation of faith and knowledge produced by the arrival of the Enlightenment. For this reason, the author stresses and points out the way in which Nietzsche and Heidegger develop their thought through their dialogue with literature. Finally, the author concludes that, on account of their virtues, the dialogue between philosophy and literature must continue.
Derecho y poder en la crisis de la soberanía
Authors: Attili Antonella
Published: October 2019

The concept of sovereignty has had different meanings throughout its history. Due to problems related to the complexity of contemporary political life, it has also become a contentious concept. The paper thematizes the problems of the appearance and crisis of the concept of sovereignty, as well as of its effective practice, in its juridical and political aspects. In the contemporary scene, the main problem consists in the appearance of a conflict between the concepts of right and power. For some critics, they even ought to be seen as mutually excluding. This paper employs as analytical framework the relation of the concept of sovereignty to those of right and power. The basic claim is that such a framework is useful to elaborate on the conception of sovereignty that is present in the main tradition of Western political thought, as well as to clarify the complexity of its meanings. Finally, this kind of analysis allows us to clarify the difficulties facing political theory when it tries to put forward a valid notion of sovereignty.
La ciencia y el conocimiento de la verdad
Authors: Agazzi Evandro
Published: October 2019

This paper represents a defense of science as true knowledge. From the standpoint of a historical synthesis, comprehending its Greek origins as well as its modern consolidation, the author emphasizes the role of science in Western culture as the most perfect form of knowledge. This consideration, however, is questioned at the beginning of the XXth century with the crisis of exact sciences. The neopositivistic interpretation of science not only did not help to overcome the crisis; in some cases, it had disastrous consequences for science. Hence, there arose a profound mistrust about scientific truth. Following insights stemming from Classical thought and Frege, the author proposes a recuperation of the referential dimension of science as a way to overcome a weak form of truth (logical coherence) and to reclaim the strong conception of truth: adequation of discourse expressing thought to a world of objects which are independent of the mind and language.
Más allá de la modernización y de la autenticidad. Un proyecto de metafilosofía práctica latinoamericana
Authors: Hurtado Guillermo
Published: October 2019

The guiding thread of this paper is that the problem of Latin American philosophy must be considered as a problem of metaphilosophy, i. e. a reflection on the conditions of the practice of philosophy in Latin American countries. The author claims that such practice has been dominated by two models, the model of modernization, and the model of authenticity. In his view, these models do not respond any more to the reality of philosophy in the region. He therefore proposes a new model, the dialogical, as a way to critically build philosophical traditions and communities in Latin American.
Poesía. Filosofía
Authors: Xirau Ramón
Published: October 2019

Address to the Genaralitat de Catalunya, during a celebration in his honour, at the Palacio de Gobierno, october 5,1999.
Creación artística y ética. Montaje a partir de Thomas Mann
Authors: Grave Crescenciano
Published: October 2019

This paper analyzes the possibilities of artistic creation, of literature in particular, to provide our experience with ethical imagination. In three works of Thomas Mann —Tristan, Tonio Kröger and Death in Venice— the author shows the conflict of the artist in the modern world and its relationship with the ethical configuration of the existence. Hence, the central question is, how can language help in the configuration of our morality?
¿Ética en Heidegger? Una pregunta inquietante
Authors: Silva Camarena Juan Manuel
Published: October 2019

The author of this essay wants to speak about three subjects that are not normally associated with each other, but which —as he hopes to show it although briefly— are intimately related and interwoven: personal life of the thinker, ethics and ontology. It is important to understand the circumstances of the life of Heidegger at 1946, when Der Brief über den Humanismus (Letter About the Humanism) was born by means of the three questions formulated by the now well known french philosopher Jean Beaufret. Neither completely ignorant about all “not philosophical” affair nor exaggerate her purport. The first one is a question about the present possibility or humanism; the second one is a query to quest the rapport among ethics and ontology, and the las one inquires for what kind of adventures is the philosophy. The point at issue is that Heidegger points out what is in force today: on the one hand, the entirely possibility of make an ethics in the terms and basis of traditional ontology and philosophy; on the other hand, the exigency or necessity of formulate in our time a disquieting question (maybe provoker) Why don’t we write an ethics? When do we write ethics? The fundamental idea of Heidegger is not to demand philosophy too much anymore and put the man in his place. For this reason, we can reach a conclusion that looks like a badge: ethics, at least possible; moral solicitude, as soon as possible!
Filosofía del límite o pensar en el vértigo
Authors: Solares Blanca
Published: October 2019

Philosophy of the Boundary by Eugenio Trías, rather than suggesting a new “episteme”, constitutes at present, a wide horizon in which the notion of “boundary” is remarked as a figure of the tragic dimension of existence. This book seeks to understand the Being as “boundary”. A Being who finds his roots in the “questioning astonishment”, on one side, and in the “rationale of his freedom” on the other.
Universalidad y aplicabilidad de las matemáticas en Wittgenstein y el empirismo logicista
Authors: Barceló Aspeitia Axel Arturo
Published: October 2019

This paper studies the notions of universality and applicability of mathematics in the writings of Wittgenstein’s middle period. Against a common opinion, the author argues that mathematics is not a science of the most abstract and general. By focusing on the notion of grammar in Philosophical observations and Philosophical grammar , the author holds that one can account for the use of mathematics in extra mathematical contexts without resorting to what he calls the myth of universality.
La psicología moral de Sócrates
Authors: Graham Daniel W.
Published: October 2019

Although in the Apology Socrates claims that he goes around exhorting people to moral excellence, in the dialogues we never see him exhorting anyone, but only examining definitions of virtue. We can understand Socrates’ claim by appreciating his intellectualism: he believes that human beings naturally seek the good; only by knowing what is good can they achieve it. According to this view, the soul can be likened to a set of propositions. The soul can achieve the good only if all the propositions are consistent. On this model many of Socrates’ paradoxical views make sense. Moral agents do not need exhortation but logical examination; virtue is not teachable, but it is achievable through constant examination.
Literatura en la filosofía moral
Authors: López de la Vieja María Teresa
Published: October 2019

The use of Literature in the philosophy shows the paper heuristic, and even constructive, that carries out the imagination sometimes. In this articles three possible uses of the literary thing in the philosophical test are analyzed through: a) examples, b) reconstruction of forms of life and c) literary arguments like departure points for the moral and political philosophy.
El Schelling de Heidegger. Modernidad y sistema de la libertad
Authors: Grave Crescenciano
Published: October 2019

This article exposes and reflexes about the starting point of Heidegger’s philosophical confrontation with Schelling. For Schelling, the question about essence of freedom is the metaphysical fundamental matter. This leads him to shock the dominant notion of system in Modernity. Heidegger recovers this impulse in his pretension of founding a new beginning of thought in occident.
Para un proyecto nuevo de nación
Authors: Villoro Luis
Published: October 2019

From the central thesis that the Mexican nation is divided, the author shows us as means the possibilities for an alternative national plan. In the centre of the text, Villoro emphhasizes the characteristics of a communal democracy; the author proposes the organized resistance and the collective action of the population.
De la academia a la bohemia y más allá
Authors: Echeverría Bolívar
Published: October 2019

Avant-garde art introduces a technical revolution in the art form. What is it the meaning of this revolution? In view of the dispersion of the interpretations, Echeverría proposes we look for the key to interpreting in the ludic and tragic representations of the art in XX century
Ahora... ¡qué haremos con "nuestra" filosofía!
Authors: Mora García José Luis
Published: October 2019

This article has two parts; how we have arrived at Latin American Philosophy, why we pursued this question and what the current state of affairs is; in the second part we discuss how we can develop new models to reach a universal philosophy for an intercultural world. At the beginning of the XXI century Latin American Philosophies will be very important in reaching this goal.
La filosofía en México en el siglo XX: un breve informe
Authors: Pereda Carlos
Published: October 2019

The author presents a report, writing in the 90's and unpublished in Spanish, which could be of use for the current discussion on Mexican philosophy. In this report, Pereda divides the history of Mexican philosophy in 4 phases: "the generation of founders", the "transterrados" or exiled, "the epoch of great blocks", and the "irruption of archipelago".
Movilidades: derechos en conflicto
Authors: Aguilar Mariflor
Published: October 2019

La movilidad, el desplazamiento, vertiginoso o no, deseado o forzado, realizado o soñado, marcan nuestro tiempo y aunque son diversas sus motivaciones elijo dos de ellas para esta reflexión, las que tienen que ver con el llamado ‘turismo’ y algunas movilidades forzadas. Lo que se propone es que, aunque aparentemente estas dos formas de movilidad no tienen relación entre sí, en algunos casos guardan entre ellas una relación que la autora llama complementaria/antagónica que se refiere a la relación directamente proporcional que existe entre turismo y despojo.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK MELALUI PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN SAINTIFIK MODEL CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING
Authors: Novianto Dhedhi , Dwikurnaningsih Yari , Saputri Thersa Septyani
Published: October 2019

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar pembelajaran tematik melalui pendekatan pembelajaran model contextual teaching and learning dan mengetahui langkah-langkah penerapan pendekatan pembelajaran saintifik model contextual teaching and learning dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar pembelajaran tematik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas pendekatan pembelajaran saintifik model contextual teaching and learning. Penelitian dilakukan dengan prosedur persiapan, perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan pelaporan. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 29 peserta didik. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, penilaian produk, dan tes. Analisis data menggunakan analisis kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ketercapaian KKM menunjukkan peningkatan hasil belajar pembelajaran tematik muatan ppkn dari 86,2% dengan rerata kelas 86,2 pada fase pra siklus menjadi 96,6% dengan rerata kelas 90,6 pada siklus 2, muatan bahasa Indonesia dari 51,7% dengan rerata kelas 70,7 pada fase pra siklus menjadi 82,8% dengan rerata kelas 82,6 pada siklus 2, dan muatan matematika dari 48,3% dengan rerata kelas 65,8 pada fase pra siklus menjadi 82,8% dengan rerata kelas 84,8 pada siklus 2. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pendekatan pembelajaran saintifik model contextual teaching and learning dengan langkah-langkah konstruktivisme, menemukan (menalar), bertanya, mengumpulkan informasi, mengamati, refleksi, dan penilaian nyata dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar tematik. Kata kunci: saintifik, contextual teaching and learning, tematik, hasil belajar
An Investigation into Educational Decision-Making in a Centralized Education System: Governance Principles and the Case of National Education Councils (Şûras)
Authors: Toprak Mustafa
Published: October 2019

This study aims to investigate how national education councils are organized inTurkey, shed light on their voting procedures, and examine their perceived chal-lenges, based on data from eight participants of the 18th National Education Council.A qualitative research design was adopted and data were collected through semi-structured interviews. By scrutinizing a particular decision-making convention in acentralized system, the study offers significant evidence on education decision-mak-ing and contributes to the existing body of literature on education decision-makingin accordance with governance principles.
The power of storytelling and video: a visual rhetoric for science communication
Authors: Finkler Wiebke , Leon Bienvenido
Published: October 2019

This research develops a conceptual framework for telling visual stories about science using short-format videos, termed SciCommercial videos, that draw upon marketing communication. The framework is illustrated by an exemplar, the Good Whale Watching video, which is explained using a visual rhetoric keyframe analysis. Finally, the effectiveness of the video is evaluated as a science communication tool using an empirical online survey with 1698 respondents. The results highlight the benefits of using video for storytelling about science by using our framework formula, modified from marketing practices, to produce videos that are Simple, Unexpected, Concrete, Credible, Emotional, Science Storytelling (SUCCESS).
Telling it straight — a focus group study on narratives affecting public confidence in science
Authors: Brounéus Fredrik , Lindholm Maria , Bohlin Gustav
Published: October 2019

Public confidence in research is important for scientific results to achieve societal impact. Swedish surveys suggest consistent but differing levels of confidence in different research areas. Thus, certain research-related factors can be assumed to have a decisive influence on confidence levels. This focus-group study explores the role of different narratives in shaping public confidence in research. Findings include four themes with potential to increase or decrease public confidence: Person, Process, Product and Presentation. The results offer insights as to how public confidence in research is formed and may give researchers agency in promoting confidence through their communication activities.
Effects of light intensity in different stocking densities on tibial measurements and incidence of lesions in broilers
Authors: Skrbic Zdenka , Lukic Milos , Petricevic Veselin , Bogosavljevic-Boskovic Snezana , Rakonjac Simeon , Doskovic Vladimir , Tolimir Natasa
Published: October 2019

The possibility for use of high light intensity in broiler production
management to improve the health of broilers? legs was examined in a study
aiming to determine the effect of two levels of light intensity in different
stocking densities of broiler chickens. The study was carried out on 1200
Ross 308 broilers according to a random block system with 6 treatments (2 x
3 factorial design) and 4 replicates per treatment. The examined light
intensity levels of 150 lx (high light intensity-HLI) and 20 lx (low light
intensity-LLI) were applied to 3 stocking densities of broilers: 10, 13 and
15 birds/m2. Scoring of foot pad (FP) and hock burns (HB) was carried out on
the 42nd day, on a sample of 240 broilers. Osteometric and biomechanical
measurements on tibia were performed after slaughtering and primary
processing, on a sample of 72 broilers. The high level intensity of light
exerted no significant effect on the development and firmness of the tibia
of broilers grown in the densities of 10, 13 and 15 birds/m2. There are
indications that in the highest studied stocking density the increased light
intensity can improve the individual properties of tibia. The differences in
the average assessment of hock burns were concluded to be the result of the
stocking density that was observed only in conditions of the increased
intensity of light. The average score of foot pad lesions was under the
significant main effect of both investigated factors. The differences in the
average FP estimation between the light intensity treatments were confirmed
in the stocking density of 13 birds/m2.
Biodiversity of ticks of sheep and goats in semi-intensive farming system in Vojvodina
Authors: Pavlovic Ivan , Ivanovic Snezana , Petrovic Milan , Caro-Petrovic Violeta , Becskei Zsolt , Savic Mila , Csordás Ferenc
Published: October 2019

The present study was conducted in 90 sheep and goats flocks from the
territory of Vojvodina in the two years period of March 2016 to October
2017, during the grazing season. Tick infestation was deteected in 53.14% of
examined animals. The most dominant was Ixodes ricinus (43.91%), followed by
Dermacentor marginatus (31.91%), Rhipicephalus bursa (15.22%), R.sanguineus
(8.72%), Hyalomma savignyi (3.72%),, Haemaphysalis punctata (3.21%) and
D.pictus (2.72%) . The sex ratio of detected tick species showed a higher
number of females in four species (I.ricinus, H.punctata, R.sanguineus and
D.marginatus), while higher number of males were detected in two species
(R.bursa and Hy.savignyi), and an equal number of ticks of the D.pictus. The
population dynamics of recorded tick species showed two annual maxima, in
spring (April- May) and in autumn (September-October). The considerable
interchange between spring and autumn tick populations can be attributed
mainly to environmental conditions.
Garlic as alternative for antibiotics in diet for growing pigs
Authors: Zivkovic Vladimir , Stankovic Branislav , Radovic Cedomir , Gogic Marija , Stanojkovic Aleksandar , Obradovic Sasa , Stojiljkovic Nenad
Published: October 2019

The effects of the use of antibiotics and garlic powder in the nutrition of
weaning piglets were compared. The trial included 120 weaned piglets of the
same genotype (Large White) distributed in three feeding treatments. In the
first study period (day 27-56), a feed mixture with 20% protein was used,
while in the second period (day 57-84), a mixture with 18% protein. The
control group was fed with mixtures containing antibiotics in the amount of
0.2%, while the two experimental groups were fed with mixtures containing
fermented garlic powder (FGP) in the concentration of 0.05% and 0.2%. The
obtained results showed that the use of FGP, instead of antibiotics,
resulted in better gain in second trial group, and also better feed
conversion ratio, in both trial groups by 3.84% and 6.93% respectively,
during the entire research period.
Characterization of the genetic structure of the brown trout (Salmo trutta) from “Braduljica” fish farm, Serbia
Authors: Molerovic Nikola , Raskovic Bozidar , Djedovic Radica , Andric Ostojic , Markovic Zoran , Maric Sasa
Published: October 2019

Due to the ecological concerns and preservation of genetic resources, the
characterization of genetic structure of the brown trout (Salmo trutta) was
carried out on the "Braduljica" fish farm. DNA was isolated from fin clips
of 10 individuals, and after that molecular PCR-RFLP methods were used for
distinguishing between Atlantic and Danubian lineages based on control
region of the mitochondrial DNA (CR mtDNA) and lactate dehydrogenase gene of
the nuclear DNA (LDH nDNA). Based on phenotypic characteristics it was
estimated that out of 10 individuals included in this study five belonged to
the allochtonous Atlantic lineage and remaining five belonged to the native
Danubian lineage of brown trout. However, results of molecular analyses
showed a high percentage of allochthonous genes among the individuals, which
confirms the hybridization between these two lineages. Also, the results
showed that the selection based on the phenotype is not adequate. In order
to continue with proper broodstock management, it is necessary to eliminate
allochtonous individuals of the Atlantic lineage from the broodstock.