bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the effects of tooth profile design parameters of rotor to performance of vacuum pump
Authors: Tran Van-The , Thanh Bui Trung , Long Banh Tien , Tuan Hoang Quoc , Nguyen Duc Toan
Published: August 2020

The vacuum pump usually used traditional curves such as the circular, cycloidal curves and their combinations to construct tooth profile. However, to increase efficiency and design flexibility for the vacuum pump, a novel rotor tooth profile for Roots rotor of vacuum pumps is proposed. Which is named “CEIEC” tooth profile and orderly composed of five significant segments, a circular arc for tooth tip, an epicycloid curve with variable extension, an involute, an enveloped epicycloid curve and a conjugated circular arc for tooth root. A numerical example is presented to evaluate the performance indices for proposed vacuum pump, including the hermeticity coefficients of the rotor mesh gap and tip gap.
Investigations of the characteristics and chemical bonds of Al and F co-doped ZnO films as a function of F2flow rate
Authors: Peng Guo-Xiang , Wang Fang-Hsing , Lin Chun-Chi , Yang Cheng-Fu
Published: August 2020

In this study, we investigate the effect of fluorine (F[Formula: see text] flow rate on the crystal characteristics and chemical bonds of Al-Doped ZnO (AFZO) Films. At first, 1 wt% Al2O3was mixed with 99 wt% ZnO to form the Al-doped ZnO ceramic target, the radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering method was used to deposit the AFZO films by introducing different flow rates of F2gas using F2/(Ar + F2) mixing atmosphere during the deposition process. F2flow rates (F2/(Ar + F2)) were changed in the range of [Formula: see text]%, and F2ratio was controlled using the mixing gases of (F2(5%) + 95% Ar) and pure Ar. AFZO films were deposited on the EagleXG glass and the films’ thickness was about 330 nm by controlling the deposition time. After AFZO films were deposited, their crystalline structure and electrical characteristics were well investigated. Finally, a comparative study of surfaces of AFZO films was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to find the variations of the chemical bonds as the deposition temperature and F2flow rate were changed.
Optical soliton group invariant solutions by optimal system of Lie subalgebra with conservation laws of the resonance nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Vinita  , Ray Santanu Saha
Published: August 2020

In this article, the resonance nonlinear Schrödinger equation is studied, which elucidates the propagation of one-dimensional long magnetoacoustic waves in a cold plasma, dynamic of solitons and Madelung fluids in various nonlinear systems. The Lie symmetry analysis is used to achieve the invariant solution and similarity reduction of the resonance nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The infinitesimal generators, symmetry groups, commutator table and adjoint table have been obtained by the aid of invariance criterion of Lie symmetry. Also, one-dimensional system of subalgebra is constructed with the help of adjoint representation of a Lie group on its Lie algebra. By one-dimensional optimal subalgebra, the main equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations and their invariant solutions are provided. The general conservation theorem has been used to establish a set of non-local and non-trivial conservation laws.
MLCE: A Multi-Label Crotch Ensemble Method for Multi-Label Classification
Authors: Yao Yuan , Li Yan , Ye Yunming , Li Xutao
Published: August 2020

Multi-label classification addresses the problem that each instance is associated with multiple labels simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a multi-label crotch ensemble (MLCE) model for multi-label classification, which takes label correlations into consideration. In MLCE, a multi-label cluster tree is first constructed. Then, we incorporate all multi-label crotch predictors of the tree into a classifier, where the multi-label crotch predictor is the crotch formed by an inner node of the tree and its children. Finally, a flexible weighted voting scheme is designed to produce the classification output. We perform experiments on 11 benchmark datasets. Experimental results clearly demonstrate the MLCE significantly outperforms six well-established multi-label classification approaches, in terms of the widely used evaluation metrics.
Dynamic Response of Three-Layered Annular Plates in Time-Dependent Temperature Field
Authors: Pawlus Dorota
Published: August 2020

The paper presents a solution to the dynamic response of three-layered, annular plates that are thermo-mechanically loaded. Time-dependent forces are considered to act on the facings of the plate. The thermal loading is defined by a flat, axisymmetric temperature field whose profile is expressed by the stationary or increase in time temperature differences between the plate edges. The cases of the plates loaded only thermally or mechanically have been examined. The problem has been solved analytically and numerically using the approximation methods: orthogonalization and finite difference. The selected reactions of an exemplar plate have been compared with the results obtained for the plate analyzed by the finite element method (FEM). The critical temperature differences and critical loads and corresponding dynamic buckling modes have been analyzed in detail. The numerous results presented for the dynamic responses have an important and practical meaning in the design process of plate structures subjected to complex thermo-mechanical loads.
Modified Rider Optimization-Based V Channel Magnification for Enhanced Video Super Resolution
Authors: Jagdale Rohita H. , Shah Sanjeevani K.
Published: August 2020

In video Super Resolution (SR), the problem of cost expense concerning the attainment of enhanced spatial resolution, computational complexity and difficulties in motion blur makes video SR a complex task. Moreover, maintaining temporal consistency is crucial to achieving an efficient and robust video SR model. This paper plans to develop an intelligent SR model for video frames. Initially, the video frames in RGB format will be transformed into HSV. In general, the improvement in video frames is done in V-channel to achieve High-Resolution (HR) videos. In order to enhance the RGB pixels, the current window size is enhanced to high-dimensional window size. As a novelty, this paper intends to formulate a high-dimensional matrix with enriched pixel intensity in V-channel to produce enhanced HR video frames. Estimating the enriched pixels in the high-dimensional matrix is complex, however in this paper, it is dealt in a significant way by means of a certain process: (i) motion estimation (ii) cubic spline interpolation and deblurring or sharpening. As the main contribution, the cubic spline interpolation process is enhanced via optimization in terms of selecting the optimal resolution factor and different cubic spline parameters. For optimal tuning, this paper introduces a new modified algorithm, which is the modification of the Rider Optimization Algorithm (ROA) named Mean Fitness-ROA (MF-ROA). Once the HR image is attained, it combines the HSV and converts to RGB, which obtains the enhanced output RGB video frame. Finally, the performance of the proposed work is compared over other state-of-the-art models with respect to BRISQUE, SDME and ESSIM measures, and proves its superiority over other models.
Security of Digital Images Based on 3D Arnold Cat Map and Elliptic Curve
Authors: Joshi Anand B. , Kumar Dhanesh , Mishra D. C.
Published: August 2020

Security of digital data is an important task in the present era. In this paper, we propose a new scheme of digital image encryption and decryption method based on three-dimensional (3D) Arnold cat map (ACM) and elliptic curve. In this proposed encryption method, we have applied 3D ACM on the digital color image which performs the dual encryption first, it performs the permutation and second, it performs the substitution of image pixels. After that, elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is used to encrypt the image, for this a mapping method is proposed to convert the pixels of the image as points on the elliptic curve. Further, a mapping inverting method is proposed for decryption and then 3D inverse Arnold cat map (iACM) is applied to get the original image. The statistical and security analyses are done on various images and the experimental results show the robustness of the proposed method.
Elucidating the Effect of Bimodal Grain Size Distribution on Plasticity and Fracture Behavior of Polycrystalline Materials
Authors: Barbe Fabrice , Benedetti Ivano , Gulizzi Vincenzo , Calvat Mathieu , Keller Clément
Published: August 2020

The refinement of grains in a polycrystalline material leads to an increase in strength but as a counterpart to a decrease in elongation to fracture. Different routes are proposed in the literature to try to overpass this strength-ductility dilemma, based on the combination of grains with highly contrasted sizes. In the simplest concept, coarse grains are used to provide relaxation locations for the highly stressed fine grains. In this work, a model bimodal polycrystalline system with a single coarse grain embedded in a matrix of fine grains is considered. Numerical full-field micro-mechanical analyses are performed to characterize the impact of this coarse grain on the stress-strain constitutive behavior of the polycrystal: the effect on plasticity is assessed by means of crystal plasticity finite element modeling [B. Flipon, C. Keller, L. Garcia de la Cruz, E. Hug and F. Barbe, Tensile properties of spark plasma sintered AISI 316L stainless steel with unimodal and bimodal grain size distributions, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 729 (2018) 248–256] while the effect on intergranular fracture behavior is studied by using boundary element modeling [I. Benedetti and V. Gulizzi, A grain-scale model for high-cycle fatigue degradation in polycrystalline materials, Int. J. Fract. 116 (2018) 90–105]. The analysis of the computational results, compared to the experimentally characterized tensile properties of a bimodal 316L stainless steel, suggests that the elasto-plastic interactions taking place prior to micro-cracking may play an important role in the mechanics of fracture of this steel.
On the sum of parts with multiplicity at least 2 in all the partitions of n
Authors: Merca Mircea , Yee Ae Ja
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we investigate the sum of distinct parts that appear at least 2 times in all the partitions of [Formula: see text] providing new combinatorial interpretations for this sum. A connection with subsets of [Formula: see text] is given in this context. We provide two different proofs of our results: analytic and combinatorial. In addition, considering the multiplicity of parts in a partition, we provide a combinatorial proof of the truncated pentagonal number theorem of Andrews and Merca.
Some stability results for a model of Hepatitis C including alanine aminotransferase and immune system
Authors: Lombardo Salvo Danilo , Lombardo Sebastiano
Published: August 2020

In clinical practice, many cirrhosis scores based on alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels exist. Although the most recent direct acting antivirals (DAAs) reduce fibrosis and ALT levels, the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is not always removed. In this paper, we study a mathematical model of the HCV virus, which takes into account the role of the immune system, to investigate the ALT behavior during therapy. We find five equilibrium points and analyze their stability. A sufficient condition for global asymptotical stability of the infection-free equilibrium is obtained and local asymptotical stability conditions are given for the immune-free infection and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) response equilibria. The stability of the infection equilibrium with the full immune response is numerically performed.
Accelerating FPGA Routing Through Algorithmic Enhancements and Connection-aware Parallelization
Authors: Zhou Yun , Vercruyce Dries , Stroobandt Dirk
Published: August 2020

Routing is a crucial step in Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) physical design, as it determines the routes of signals in the circuit, which impacts the design implementation quality significantly. It can be very time-consuming to successfully route all the signals of large circuits that utilize many FPGA resources. Attempts have been made to shorten the routing runtime for efficient design exploration while expecting high-quality implementations. In this work, we elaborate on the connection-based routing strategy and algorithmic enhancements to improve the serial FPGA routing. We also explore a recursive partitioning-based parallelization technique to further accelerate the routing process. To exploit more parallelism by a finer granularity in both spatial partitioning and routing, a connection-aware routing bounding box model is proposed for the source-sink connections of the nets. It is built upon the location information of each connection’s source, sink, and the geometric center of the net that the connection belongs to, different from the existing net-based routing bounding box that covers all the pins of the entire net. We present that the proposed connection-aware routing bounding box is more beneficial for parallel routing than the existing net-based routing bounding box. The quality and runtime of the serial and multi-threaded routers are compared to the router in VPR 7.0.7. The large heterogeneous Titan23 designs that are targeted to a detailed representation of the Stratix IV FPGA are used for benchmarking. With eight threads, the parallel router using the connection-aware routing bounding box model reaches a speedup of 6.1× over the serial router in VPR 7.0.7, which is 1.24× faster than the one using the existing net-based routing bounding box model, while reducing the total wire-length by 10% and the critical path delay by 7%.
The Life of a Data Byte
Authors: Frazelle Jessie
Published: August 2020

One thing that remains true is the storing of 0s and 1s. The means by which that is done vary greatly. I hope the next time you burn a CD-RW with a mix of songs for a friend, or store home videos in an optical disc archive, you think about how the nonreflective bumps translate to a 0 and the reflective lands of the disk translate to a 1. If you are creating a mixtape on a cassette, remember that those are closely related to the Datasette used in the Commodore PET. Lastly, remember to be kind and rewind.
RETRACTED: Ni3S2/MWCNTs/NF Hybrid Nanostructure as Effective Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Urea Electrolysis Assisted Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhao Zhiju , Yang Liqin , Wang Zheng , Wang Lili , Guo Guiquan , Chen Jing , Li Yuanyuan , Wang Chenglin , Zhao Jun , Cai Zhenyu
Published: August 2020

Substituting the smaller theoretical applied potential of the urea oxidation reaction (UOR) for the larger theoretical potential of anodic water electrolysis (oxygen evolution reaction (OER)) is critical for the energy requirement in the evolution of hydrogen. In this work, a brief and scalable strategy was presented to synthesize nickel sulfide and multi-walled carbon nanotube composites on Ni foam, denoted as Ni3S2/MWCNTs/NF. Electrochemical measurements show that Ni3S2/MWCNTs/NF can be an efficient electrocatalyst for UOR. A potential of 1.338 V was required at a current density of 10 mA·cm−2 for UOR with Ni3S2/MWCNTs/NF. This UOR catalyst was used to replace OER for hydrogen production, which reduced the overpotential required for H2-production and reduced overall power consumption. Also, the Ni3S2/MWCNTs/NF catalyst exhibited high electrocatalytic efficiency to evolve hydrogen, which provided a low overpotential of only 104 mV at 10 mA·cm−2. As a proof of concept, a water-urea electrolysis measurement was carried out in 1 M KOH with 0.5 M urea using Ni3S2/MWCNTs/NF as the cathode and anode, respectively. Ni3S2/MWCNTs/NF∣∣Ni3S2/MWCNTs/NF electrodes provided a current density of 10 mA·cm−2 at a voltage of 1.509 V, which was 149 mV lower than that of water splitting, which proved that this catalyst may be commercially viable in energy-saving hydrogen production.
Dissolution of Pt and Its Temperature Dependence in Anhydrous Acetonitrile- and Methanol-Based Electrolytes
Authors: Ranninger Johanna , Nikolaienko Pavlo , Wachs Susanne J. , Möller Jonas , Mayrhofer Karl J. J. , Berkes Balázs B.
Published: August 2020

Electrode stability is a crucial performance criterion in electrochemistry. Interestingly, in certain fields of electrochemistry, especially when using nonaqueous electrolytes, like in electroorganic synthesis, this aspect remained largely out of focus of investigations so far. Regarding the handling and particularly the purification of nonaqueous electrolytes and the applicable analytical methods to study stability, such fundamental investigations are usually more complicated than in aqueous electrolytes. Herein, we present stability data of Pt metal, as one of the most frequently used electrodes in electroorganic synthesis, in anhydrous (ppm level) acetonitrile- and methanol-based electrolytes in the usually applied potential ranges, obtained using an electroanalytical flow cell (EFC) coupled to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Both electrolyte solvents are widely used in nonaqueous electrochemistry and possess different physico-chemical properties. Here we chose them as representative examples of aprotic and protic solvents and as solvent molecules with two different electrochemical activities: acetonitrile with a wide stability window and methanol being a rather easily oxidizable molecule. A temperature study reveals not only the different electrochemical behavior of the electrolyte systems but also significant differences in Pt dissolution in the studied electrolytes.
Impact of Al Doping and Surface Coating on the Electrochemical Performances of Li-Rich Mn-Rich Li1.11Ni0.33Mn0.56O2 Positive Electrode Material
Authors: Phattharasupakun Nutthaphon , Geng Chenxi , Johnson Michel B. , Väli Ronald , Liu Aaron , Liu Yulong , Sawangphruk Montree , Dahn J. R.
Published: August 2020

Li and Mn-rich positive electrode materials, Li[LixTM1−x]O2 (TM = Ni, Co, and Mn), with a single-phase layered structure have been considered for use in next-generation Li-ion batteries for electric vehicles and many advanced applications. Despite their high specific capacity >250 mAh g−1, the commercialization of these materials is hindered by poor rate capability and voltage decay originating from transition metal migration to the lithium layer. Herein, the effect of aluminum doping and aluminum oxide surface coating on the structural and electrochemical performances of Co-free Li1.11Ni0.33Mn0.56O2 was studied. All synthesized materials were single phase with a similar morphology and amount of Ni in the Li layers. Even though the discharge capacity and capacity retention were slightly improved, there was no significant impact of the addition of Al on the rate of voltage fading during charge-discharge cycling as previously reported.
Stability of a Discrete-Time Pathogen Infection Model with Adaptive Immune Response
Authors: Alshaikh M. A. , Elaiw A. M.
Published: August 2020

This paper studies the global stability of a discrete-time pathogen dynamic model with both cell-mediated and antibody immune responses. Both latently and actively infected cells are incorporated into the model. We discretize the continuous-time model by using the nonstandard finite difference (NSFD) method. We establish that NSFD preserves the nonnegativity and boundedness of the solutions of the model. We derive four threshold parameters which govern the existence and stability of the steady states. We establish by using the Lyapunov method, the global stability of the five steady states of the model. We illustrate our theoretical results by using numerical simulations.
Domain Identification for Inverse Problem via Conformal Mapping and Fixed Point Methods in Two Dimensions
Authors: Ndiaye Fagueye
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we present a survey of the inverse eigenvalue problem for a Laplacian equation based on available Cauchy data on a known part Γ0 and a homogeneous Dirichlet condition on an unknown part Γ0 of the boundary of a bounded domain, Ω⊂ℝN. We consider variations in the eigenvalues and propose a conformal mapping tool to reconstruct a part of the boundary curve of the two-dimensional bounded domain based on the Cauchy data of a holomorphic function that maps the unit disk onto the unknown domain. The boundary values of this holomorphic function are obtained by solving a nonlocal differential Bessel equation. Then, the unknown boundary is obtained as the image of the boundary of the unit disk by solving an ill-posed Cauchy problem for holomorphic functions via a regularized power expansion. The Cauchy data were restricted to a nonvanishing function and to the normal derivatives without zeros. We prove the existence and uniqueness of the holomorphic function being considered and use the fixed-point method to numerically analyze the results of convergence. We’ll calculate the eigenvalues and compare the result with the shape obtained via minimization functional method, as developed in a previous study. Further, we’ll observe via simulations the shape of Γ and if it preserves its properties with varying the eigenvalues.
Identification of Mine Water Inrush Source Based on PCA-FDA: Xiandewang Coal Mine Case
Authors: Li Bo , Wu Qiang , Liu Zijie
Published: August 2020

When mine water inrush accidents occur, timely and accurately identifying the water inrush source plays an important role in determining the cause of water inrush and making a solution to a disaster. According to the differences of water chemical composition in each water sources of mine, eight kinds of indicators of water chemical composition were selected as sample variables for water inrush source identification. On this basis, an identification model of water inrush source was established by using principal component analysis (PCA) and Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA) combined. The model was used to identify the water inrush source of 14 groups of training samples and 12 groups of samples to be judged in different water sources of the Xiandewang coal mine, and it was compared with the results of the conventional identification model which used the FDA method. Results of this study showed that having processed data by using the PCA method can effectively eliminate the effects of information superposition between sample indicators, and the identification accuracy of mine water inrush source was significantly increased. Related study in this paper can provide some basis and reference for the study of mine water inrush source identification technology.
Intramedullary Nail Fixation with Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation in an Incomplete Atypical Femoral Fracture Patient: Use of Bone Marrow Extracted from the Hollow Reamer
Authors: Iwasaki Ryutaro , Sakamoto Masaaki , Rokkaku Tomoyuki , Watanabe Hitoshi , Yamada Toshiyuki , Yamaguchi Takeshi , Wako Yasushi , Kubosawa Hitoshi , Ohtori Seiji
Published: August 2020

The present report describes an incomplete atypical femoral fracture (AFF) patient who underwent simultaneous autogenous bone transplantation to the resected fracture region during intramedullary nail fixation. A 73-year-old female with a history of multiple myeloma had been undergoing treatment with intravenous drip injections of Zoledronic Acid. She was introduced to our department due to the left lateral thigh pain, with no trauma incidence. An anteroposterior radiograph showed a transverse thin fracture line with localized periosteal and endosteal thickening, which is compatible with subtrochanteric incomplete AFF. A biochemical investigation revealed the existence of severely suppressed bone turnover. She underwent intramedullary nail fixation for fear of a complete fracture. After the fixation, the cortical bone at the fracture region was excised as a wedge-shaped block, and bone marrow extracted from the hollow reamer was simultaneously transplanted to the resected fracture region. Histological examination showed few bone formation features at the fracture line in the excised lateral cortical bone. At 7 months after surgery, radiographs demonstrated complete bone repair, and no clinical problems were observed two years postoperatively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in which autogenous bone marrow transplantation, noninvasive to the iliac crest, was performed in an incomplete AFF patient. We believe that this low invasive procedure can be a useful technique for AFF treatment.
Clustering Ensemble Model Based on Self-Organizing Map Network
Authors: Hua Wenqi , Mo Lingfei
Published: August 2020

This paper proposes a clustering ensemble method that introduces cascade structure into the self-organizing map (SOM) to solve the problem of the poor performance of a single clusterer. Cascaded SOM is an extension of classical SOM combined with the cascaded structure. The method combines the outputs of multiple SOM networks in a cascaded manner using them as an input to another SOM network. It also utilizes the characteristic of high-dimensional data insensitivity to changes in the values of a small number of dimensions to achieve the effect of ignoring part of the SOM network error output. Since the initial parameters of the SOM network and the sample training order are randomly generated, the model does not need to provide different training samples for each SOM network to generate a differentiated SOM clusterer. After testing on several classical datasets, the experimental results show that the model can effectively improve the accuracy of pattern recognition by 4%∼10%.
Chebyshev Polynomial-Based Authentication Scheme in Multiserver Environment
Authors: Truong Toan-Thinh , Tran Minh-Triet , Duong Anh-Duc
Published: August 2020

Nowadays, communication technologies are more and more strongly advanced, such as 4G or 5G. There are many useful online applications, and one of them is the telecare medical information system (TMIS). If the TMIS is widely deployed, patients and doctors will have more frequently connection. Clearly, this enhances our quality of life. One of the most important modules securely constructing this convenient TMIS is the user-authentication scheme. We should prevent user identity and related information from the adversary’s eavesdropping. Therefore, the authentication scheme could provide user anonymity and concern some kinds of attacks, such as impersonation or password-guessing attacks. Common solutions are a combination of hash function and public-key cryptosystem (RSA or elliptic curve cryptosystem, ECC), but current schemes do not consider identity protection as one main task necessary for medical information environment. In this paper, our results consist of some important analyses of previous works and a multiserver user-authentication scheme suitable for TMIS using Chebyshev polynomial with two models: random oracle and BAN-logic.
Comparison of the Therapeutic Effects of Tension Band with Cannulated Screw and Tension Band with Kirschner Wire on Patella Fracture
Authors: Liu Chengwu , Ren Haitao , Wan Chunyan , Ma Jianlin
Published: August 2020

Background. Patella fracture accounts for 1% of bone injury, of which anatomical reduction is of great significance to the recovery. Tension band with cannulated screw and Kirschner wire is commonly used methods for the treatment of displaced patella fracture. However, there is still some controversy on the clinical efficacy of the two treatment methods. Objective. This study aimed at comparing the therapeutic effects of the cannulated screw and Kirschner wire tension bands on patella fracture and at providing more data basis for clinical selection of treatment methods for patella fracture. Methods. Altogether, 146 patients with displaced patella fracture admitted to our hospital from March 2016 to February 2018 were selected and divided into two groups according to the different treatment methods. Among them, 71 patients received tension band with a cannulated screw (TBWCS group) and 75 patients received tension band with Kirschner wire (TBWKW group). Two groups of patients were compared in terms of surgical treatment effect after one year of treatment, complications within six months after the operation and operation-related indexes. The pain visual analogue scale (VAS) score, knee flexion degree, Lysholm score, and Bostman score were recorded at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after operation, and the activity of daily living scale (ADL) score was evaluated at the last follow-up. Results. During the operation of patella fracture patients, the intraoperative blood loss, hospitalization time, and knee flexion loss of patients in TBWCS group were less than those in the TBWKW group (P<0.05), the starting time of postoperative functional exercise was earlier than that of patients in TBWKW group (P<0.05), and the incidence rate of secondary operation was lower than that of patients in the TBWKW group (P<0.05), but there was no statistical difference in the operation time, incision length, and postoperative fracture gap between the two groups. The results of curative effect analysis showed that the knee flexion, Lysholm score, and Bostman score of patients treated with tension band with cannulated screw were higher than those treated with Kirschner wire (P<0.05), and VAS score was lower. Tension band with cannulated screw had a better curative effect on patella fracture (P<0.05), lower complication rate (P<0.05), and higher quality of life of patients (P<0.05). Conclusion. Tension band with cannulated screw has a good curative effect on patella fracture, low incidence of complications, early start of postoperative functional exercise, and high quality of life.
A Study of Modified Infotaxis Algorithms in 2D and 3D Turbulent Environments
Authors: Fan Shurui , Hao Dongxia , Sun Xudong , Sultan Yusuf Mohamed , Li Zirui , Xia Kewen
Published: August 2020

Emergency response to hazardous gases in the environment is an important research field in environmental monitoring. In recent years, with the rapid development of sensor technology and mobile device technology, more autonomous search algorithms for hazardous gas emission sources are proposed in uncertain environment, which can avoid emergency personnel from contacting hazardous gas in a short distance. Infotaxis is an autonomous search strategy without a concentration gradient, which uses scattered sensor data to track the location of the release source in turbulent environment. This paper optimizes the imbalance of exploitation and exploration in the reward function of Infotaxis algorithm and proposes a mobile strategy for the three-dimensional scene. In two-dimensional and three-dimensional scenes, the average steps of search tasks are used as the evaluation criteria to analyze the information trend algorithm combined with different reward functions and mobile strategies. The results show that the balance between the exploitation item and exploration item of the reward function proposed in this paper is better than that of the reward function in the Infotaxis algorithm, no matter in the two-dimensional scenes or in the three-dimensional scenes.
Methods for Endoscopic Removal of Over-the-Scope Clip: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ou Ying Hua , Kong Wei Fang , Li Li Fu , Chen Pei Sheng , Deng San Hua , He Feng Jian , Peng Qian Qian , Yue Hui
Published: August 2020

Aims. The over-the-scope clip (OTSC) has recently emerged as a new endoscopic device for treating gastrointestinal bleeding, perforations, fistulas, and leaks. A modified OTSC device (full-thickness resection device, FTRD) has been widely used for endoscopic full-thickness resection. However, there is less experience regarding the indications and methods for OTSC removal. We aimed to summarize the existing methods and indications for OTSC removal. Methods. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov to identify relevant publications on OTSC removal. The details of OTSC removal, including the methods, indications, success rates, adverse events, and failure causes, were extracted and summarized. A meta-analysis of pooled success rates was conducted using STATA 15.0. Results. Eighteen articles were included. The reported methods for OTSC removal included (1) grasping forceps, (2) the Nd : YAG laser, (3) argon plasma coagulation, (4) the remOVE system, (5) endoscopic mucosal resection/endoscopic submucosal dissection, and (6) ice-cold saline solution. Indications for OTSC removal were (1) poor healing, (2) OTSC misplacement, (3) repeat biopsy/therapy or further treatment, (4) adverse events after OTSC implantation, (5) removal after recovery, and (6) patient wishes. The pooled success rate of OTSC removal was 89% in patients treated with the remOVE system. Minor bleeding, superficial thermal damage, and superficial mucosal tears were common adverse events. Mucosal overgrowth was the main cause of OTSC removal failure. Conclusions. The remOVE system is the best investigated method, with sufficient efficacy and safety for OTSC removal. This is the first systematic review of OTSC removal and provides significant guidance for clinical practice.
Deep Learning Algorithm for Brain-Computer Interface
Authors: Mansoor Asif , Usman Muhammad Waleed , Jamil Noreen , Naeem M. Asif
Published: August 2020

Electroencephalography-(EEG-) based control is a noninvasive technique which employs brain signals to control electrical devices/circuits. Currently, the brain-computer interface (BCI) systems provide two types of signals, raw signals and logic state signals. The latter signals are used to turn on/off the devices. In this paper, the capabilities of BCI systems are explored, and a survey is conducted how to extend and enhance the reliability and accuracy of the BCI systems. A structured overview was provided which consists of the data acquisition, feature extraction, and classification algorithm methods used by different researchers in the past few years. Some classification algorithms for EEG-based BCI systems are adaptive classifiers, tensor classifiers, transfer learning approach, and deep learning, as well as some miscellaneous techniques. Based on our assessment, we generally concluded that, through adaptive classifiers, accurate results are acquired as compared to the static classification techniques. Deep learning techniques were developed to achieve the desired objectives and their real-time implementation as compared to other algorithms.
Transferability of Simulation-Based Training in Laparoscopic Surgeries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Spiliotis Antonios E. , Spiliotis Panagiotis M. , Palios Ifaistion M.
Published: August 2020

Objective. The implementation of simulation-based training in residency programs has been increased, but the transferability of surgical skills in the real operating room is not well documented. In our survey, the role of simulation in surgical training will be evaluated. Study Design. In this systemic review, randomized control trials, which assessed the transferability of acquired skills through simulation in the real operating setting, were included. A systematic search strategy was undertaken using a predetermined protocol. Results. Eighteen randomized clinical trials were included in this survey. Two studies investigated inguinal hernia repair, six laparoscopic cholecystectomy, five gynecologic procedures, two laparoscopic suturing, and two camera navigation during laparoscopic procedures. Simulation-trained participants showed superiority in surgical performance in comparison with untrained surgeons. The operation time, accuracy, incidence of intraoperative errors, and postoperative complications were statistically better in the simulation-trained group in comparison with the conventional-trained group. Conclusion. Simulation provides a safe, effective, and ethical way for residents to acquire surgical skills before entering the operating room.
Performance Analysis of Natural γ-Ray Coal Seam Thickness Sensor and Its Application in Automatic Adjustment of Shearer’s Arms
Authors: Yang Zengfu , Wang Zengcai , Yan Ming
Published: August 2020

The technology of coal-rock interface recognition is the core of realizing the automatic heightening technology of shearer’s rocker. Only by accurately and quickly identifying the interface of coal and rock can we realize the fully automatic control of shearer. As the only one used in the actual detection of coal mining machine drum cutting coal seam after the thickness of the remaining coal seam detection method, natural γ-ray has a very practical advantage. Based on the relationship between the attenuation of the natural γ-ray passing through the coal seam and the thickness of the coal seam, the mathematical model of the attenuation of the natural γ-ray penetrating coal seam is established. By comparing the attenuation intensity of γ-ray with or without brackets, it is verified that the hydraulic girders will absorb some natural γ-rays. Finally, this paper uses the ground simulation experiment and the field experiment to verify the correctness of the mathematical model and finally develop the natural γ-ray seam thickness sensor. The sensor has the function of indicating the thickness of the coal seam, measuring the natural γ-ray intensity, and storing and processing the data.
Design and Development of Virtual Medical System Interface Based on VR-AR Hybrid Technology
Authors: Cong Xu , Li Tingting
Published: August 2020

With the continuous development of information technology and digital medicine, computer-assisted virtual medicine has become the development trend of a new generation of clinical surgery, which aims to improve the accuracy of surgery, reduce the risk of surgery, and achieve precise and minimally invasive treatment. The interface design in the computer-aided virtual medical system is a medium for transmitting and exchanging information between humans and machines. This article uses virtual reality technology and augmented reality technology to develop a virtual medical system interface, which aims to solve the interaction problem between users and virtual medical systems and satisfy users. The multidemand psychology is an effective way of interaction. It provides users with a multichannel and comprehensive communication method, which truly meets the design goals that meet the user’s psychological needs. It also expands applications for virtual reality technology and augmented reality technology.
The Anterior Chamber Injection of Moxifloxacin Injection to Prevent Endophthalmitis after Cataract Surgery: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Xiao-lei , Huang Xiao-yong , Wang Zhen , Sun Wei
Published: August 2020

Purpose. A meta-analysis was performed to compare the efficacy of an anterior chamber injection of moxifloxacin in the prevention of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. Methods. A computer-based search of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and the Clinical Trial database for articles related to anterior intraventricular injection of moxifloxacin for the prevention of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery was performed through April 2019. Study selection, data exclusion, and quality assessment were performed by two independent observers. Statistical analysis for the meta-analysis was performed by RevMan5.3 software. Results. Eight studies were included, with a total of 123,819 eyes. The meta-analysis showed that an anterior chamber injection of moxifloxacin can prevent the incidence of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery (OR = 0.29, 95% CI (0.15, 0.56), P=0.0002), and the difference was statistically significant. There were no significant differences between the moxifloxacin injection and nonmoxifloxacin injection groups in regard to UCVA (log MAR) (SMD = −0.13, 95% CI (−0.62, 0.35), P=0.60), BCVA (log MAR) (SMD = −0.27, 95% CI (−1.28, 0.74), P=0.60), IOP (SMD = −0.04, 95% CI (−0.02, 0.01), P=0.22), corneal edema (OR = 1.03, 95% CI (0.23, 4.69), P=0.97), CCT (SMD = −0.01, 95% CI (−0.07, 0.05), P=0.77), or ECD (SMD = 0.00, 95% CI (−0.06, 0.07), P=0.94). Conclusion. An anterior chamber injection of moxifloxacin can effectively prevent the incidence of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery, while the moxifloxacin injection and nonmoxifloxacin injection groups had similar results in regard to UCVA (log MAR), BCVA (log MAR), IOP, corneal edema, CCT, and ECD.
Certain Generating Relations Involving the Generalized Multi-Index Bessel–Maitland Function
Authors: Jain Shilpi , Nieto Juan J. , Singh Gurmej , Choi Junesang
Published: August 2020

Generating relations involving the special functions have already proved their important role in mathematics and other fields of sciences. In this paper, we aim to provide some presumably new generating relations in connection with the generalized multi-index Bessel–Maitland function Jνjm,qλjm,γ.. The main results presented here, being very general, can yield a number of particular or equivalent identities, some of which are explicitly demonstrated.
Scale Dependence of Waviness and Unevenness of Natural Rock Joints through Fractal Analysis
Authors: Li Yingchun , Sun Shengyue , Yang Hongwei
Published: August 2020

The scale dependence of surface roughness is critical in characterising the hydromechanical properties of field-scale rock joints but is still not well understood, particularly when different orders of roughness are considered. We experimentally reveal the scale dependence of two-order roughness, i.e., waviness and unevenness through fractal parameters using the triangular prism surface area method (TPM). The surfaces of three natural joints of granite with the same dimension of 1000 mm×1000 mm are digitised using a 3D laser scanner at three different measurement resolutions. Waviness and unevenness are quantitatively separated by considering the area variation of joint surface as grid size changes. The corresponding fractal dimensions of waviness and unevenness in sampling window sizes ranging from 100 mm×100 mm to 1000 mm×1000 mm at an interval of 100 mm×100 mm are determined. We find that both the fractal dimensions of waviness and unevenness vary as the window size increases. No obvious stationarity threshold has been found for the three rock joint samples, indicating the surface roughness of natural rock joints should be quantified at the scale of the rock mass in the field.
Experiments and Modeling on the Influence of Interfacial Tension on Imbibition Height of Low-Permeability Reservoir
Authors: Ren Xiaoxia , Li Aifen , Liu Piyang , He Bingqing
Published: August 2020

Low-permeability reservoirs have tiny pores with winding and complicated pore throats. The oil recovery efficiency of low-permeability reservoirs can be enhanced through the displacement of reservoir oil through imbibition. In the present study, experiments were conducted to investigate variations in the imbibition height of hydrophilic and weakly-hydrophilic rock samples under different interfacial tensions. An imbibition model considering imbibition resistance and bending of pore throats was established based on fractal theory. According to the experimental results, variations in the imbibition height of low-permeability rock samples with time can be divided into three stages. In the first stage, the capillary force plays a dominant role, while the viscous force and gravity have very slight effects. The imbibition height first increases rapidly and then levels off to a constant rate. With the increase in interfacial tension, the imbibition rate in the first stage increases, the ultimate imbibition height increases initially and then decreases, and the contribution of the imbibition height in the first stage to the ultimate imbibition height becomes greater. There is an optimal interfacial tension that causes the ultimate imbibition height to reach its maximum. The calculated results obtained from the proposed imbibition model are consistent with the experimental results, indicating that the model can accurately reflect the change in the imbibition height in low-permeability reservoirs in the first stage.
Mechanism of the Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Chaotic Flow in Single Fracture
Authors: Yang Dong , Kang Zhiqin , Zhao Yangsheng
Published: August 2020

The seepage of gas-liquid two-phase flow in fracture is a commonly found phenomenon in nature. To reveal the underlying mechanism and the critical condition of the chaos occurrence, a stochastic gas-liquid two-phase flow seepage model is established, and then investigated through a numerical simulation and a horizontal Hele-Shaw experiment. The numerical simulation and laboratory experiment results show that the seepage chaos of gas-liquid two-phase flow takes place when the relative saturation is in the range of gas relative saturation 44%-70%, and the occurrence probability can be expressed in polynomials. The chaos probability exceeds 80% when the relative saturation of gas is 47%-65%, and the chaos probability is 100% when the relative gas saturation is 57%-60%. It is found that the stochastic variation of gas connection cluster and the compressibility of gas lead to a remarkable change of pressure gradient of the gas-liquid flow both in magnitude and direction. Therefore, the turbulent flow is formed, the kinetic energy of fluid transport decreases gradually, and the flow is stopped at last.
Reservoir Characteristics of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Shale in Zhaotong Region, Southern China
Authors: Luo Chao , Yin Nanxin , Lin Hun , Gao Xuanbo , Wang Junlei , Zhu Hanqing
Published: August 2020

The lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation hosts a highly productive shale gas play in the Zhaotong region of southern China. According to core observation, X-ray diffraction analyses, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations, the shale comprises primarily quartz, carbonate minerals, and clay minerals, with minor amounts of plagioclase, K-feldspar, and pyrite. The clay mineral content ranges from 15.0% to 46.1%, with an average of 29.3% in the Zhaotong region. Organic geochemical analyses show that the Longmaxi Formation has good potential for shale gas resources by calculating total organic carbon, vitrinite reflectance, and gas content. Scanning electron microscope images demonstrate that reservoir pore types in the Longmaxi shale include organic pores, interparticle pores, intercrystalline pores, intraparticle pores, and fractures. Reservoir distribution is controlled by lithofacies, mineral composition, and geochemical factors. In addition, we investigated the relationships between reservoir parameters and production from 15 individual wells in the Zhaotong region by correlation coefficients. As a result, the brittleness index, total organic carbon (TOC), porosity, and gas content were used to define high-quality reservoirs in the Longmaxi shale. Based on these criteria, we mapped the thickness and distribution of high-quality reservoirs in the Longmaxi Formation and selected highlighted several key sites for future exploration and development.
Significance of Rarefaction, Streamwise Conduction, and Viscous Dissipation on the Extended Graetz–Nusselt Problem: The Case of Finite-Length Microchannels with Prescribed Wall Heat Flux
Authors: Brasiello Antonio , Adrover Alessandra
Published: August 2020

The article addresses the extended Graetz–Nusselt problem in finite-length microchannels for prescribed wall heat flux boundary conditions, including the effects of rarefaction, streamwise conduction, and viscous dissipation. The analytical solution proposed, valid for low-intermediate Peclet values, takes into account the presence of the thermal development region. The influence of all transport parameters (PecletPe, KnudsenKn, and BrinkmanBr) and geometrical parameters (entry length and microchannel aspect ratio) is investigated. Performances of different wall heat flux functions have been analyzed in terms of the averaged Nusselt number. In the absence of viscous dissipationBr=0, the best heating protocol is a decreasing wall heat flux function. In the presence of dissipationBr>0, the best heating protocol is a uniform wall heat flux.