bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seismic Geothermal Resource Exploration based on CPU/GPU Collaborative Parallel Prestack Time Migration
Authors: LONG Xiting , LIU Fei , XIE Heping , LIN Wenjing , LIU Yanguang , LI Cunbao
Published: January 2022

Geothermal resources exist in complex and comprehensive geological settings. In the current study, we proposed a CPU/GPU collaborative parallel prestack time migration methodology for geothermal resource exploration. First, seismic geological conditions in Xian County were obtained based on an analysis of drill cores for further seismic evaluation. Then, combined with the analysis of two‐dimensional seismic data in the adjacent area, a test section with three seismic survey lines were designed to explore the geological structure of the study area. In the study area, the seismic data were derived through the multiple coverage reflection wave exploration method with explosive ignition in deep wells and high coverage frequency observations. Finally, we employed CPU/GPU collaborative parallel prestack time migration technology to analyze the obtained seismic data for geothermal resource evaluation. The favorable areas of karst fissure heat storage in Middle–Upper Proterozoic Jixianian and Paleozoic Cambrian–Ordovician rocks were inferred together with two preferred recommended exploration holes.
Effects of different short‐term tillage managements on rhizosphere soil autotrophic CO2‐fixing bacteria in a double‐cropping rice paddy field
Authors: Haiming Tang , Chao Li , Lihong Shi , Kaikai Cheng , Li Wen , Weiyan Li , Xiaoping Xiao
Published: January 2022

Soil autotrophic bacteria community plays an important role in carbon (C) cycling process in soil, but there is still limited information about how the rhizosphere soil microbe that drives this process respond to combined application of tillage with crop residue incorporation managements under a double‐cropping rice (Oryza sativa L.) paddy field in southern China. Therefore, the 6‐years short‐term tillage treatment on rhizosphere soil autotrophic bacteria community [RubisCO gene (cbbL)] under the double‐cropping rice paddy field in southern China was studied using the high‐throughput sequencing method in the present article. The field experiment included four tillage treatments: conventional tillage with crop residue incorporation (CT), rotary tillage with crop residue incorporation (RT), no‐tillage with crop residue retention (NT) and rotary tillage with all crop residues removed as a control (RTO). The results showed that abundance, composition and activity of rhizosphere soil cbbL‐carrying bacteria were obviously influenced by application of different tillage treatments. The rhizosphere soil abundant cbbL and 16S rRNA genes as well as RubisCO activity with CT, RT and NT treatments were higher than that of RTO treatment. The cbbL sequences in rhizosphere soil with CT, RT and NT treatments mainly included Azoarcus_sp._KH33C, Ralstonia_pickettii, Thermomonospora_curvata, Variovorax_paradoxus and uncultured_proteobacterium. Meanwhile, the results indicated that cbbL‐carrying bacterial composition was significantly affected by soil organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, dissolved organic carbon contents and soil bulk density. There had an obvious difference in characteristics of rhizosphere soil autotrophic bacteria community between CT, RT, NT treatments and RTO treatment. Therefore, it was a beneficial practice for improving rhizosphere soil autotrophic bacteria community in the double‐cropping rice paddy field in southern China by combined application of tillage with crop residue incorporation practices.
Monitoring human disturbance: Factors affecting escape behaviour of waterbirds in North African wetlands
Authors: Halassi Ismahan , Elafri Ali , Boutabia Lamia , Telailia Salah
Published: January 2022

Understanding the factors affecting escape behaviour in waterbirds can be useful in the management of human disturbances. A common measure of escape response is flight initiation distance (FID), the distance at which an approaching intruder disturbs an individual bird enough to make it move away. Here, we analyse the escape behaviour of a set of waterbirds for the first time within a North African context. We tested (one‐way ANOVA and general linear model) how FID varied with the area where waterbirds were temporal scale, distance at which the observer start approaching to the sampled birds, body size, flock size, species composition of the flock and foraging activity of the sampled birds. We collected 866 individual FIDs for 19 waterbird species wintering at two north Algerian wetlands (the Mekhada marsh, RAMSAR site, El‐taref District and the Sebkhet El‐Mahmel, unprotected wetland, Khenchela District). The obtained FIDs ranged from 32.6 m in smaller species as the Kentish plover Charadrius alexandrines to 167 m in larger ones as the ruddy shelduck Tadorna ferruginea. The obtained models stated that differences in the absolute levels of FIDs were mostly related to starting distance (Effect size = 0.62), to which is added a relatively little effect of wetland status, taxonomic differences, temporal scale, body size, flock size, species composition of the flock and bird activity. More specifically, FID was lower in smaller and homospecific groups at early winter in the protected wetland. Reserve managers in North Africa could use species and context‐specific FIDs in delineating appropriate buffer areas and in the design of management initiatives aimed at minimising eventual potential threat due to human disturbance and guaranteeing animal welfare and wildlife.
Optimizing surgical training in the time of COVID‐19—Victorian regional teaching hospital experience
Authors: Grills Richard , Holmes Angela , Tissot Sophie , McLeod Kathryn
Published: January 2022

Background

Reductions in elective surgery due to the COVID‐19 pandemic led to a paralleled reduction in patient based surgical training opportunities.

Methods

To quantify the impact of COVID‐19 on surgical training, we completed a retrospective audit of the Urology Department activity during Victorian pandemic waves in 2020 at our large regional teaching hospital. Corresponding weeks in the year prior were used as the control. Interviews with department members illustrated the adaptive approach to surgical training used at our institution.

Results

A State of Disaster Surgical Triage Team was assembled and surgical operations were split between one public and two private hospitals. A pandemic triaging protocol was established and 335 Category‐2 patients were re‐triaged. The first wave saw a 13.8% reduction in clinic reviews, with the second wave having an overall increase of 8.8% with 56% being telehealth. The second wave saw an 11.0% reduction in overall operating, with reduced emergency operating in both the first and second wave of 17.4% and 45.5%, respectively. Reductions impacted surgical technical skill training, resulting in surgical education provided through technology platforms including webinars, podcasts and pre‐recorded operative videos. The unique challenges trainees were faced with due to the pandemic encouraged development of non‐technical RACS competencies.

Conclusion

The COVID‐19 pandemic presented significant challenges for service delivery and training. Reduced direct patient contact and procedures, but opportunities to develop the non‐technical skills required to respond to the pandemic. The use of variable educational opportunities and tools ensured our trainees continued to progress through their training.
Is a focus on ‘recycling’ useful? A wider look at metal mutability and the chemical character of copper alloys
Authors: Bray Peter
Published: January 2022

Recycling is increasingly visible in archaeological descriptions of technology. This has a range of benefits as we attempt to engage with the full complexity of the material past. However, this paper examines in more detail whether a singular focus on recycling is positive for archaeological science. It considers the historical relationship between recycling and the chemical analysis of early copper alloys, the constraints of the different conceptual and statistical techniques that can be employed, and broader ideas of metal mutability and the characterisation hypothesis. Overall, anything that widens our conceptual toolkit should be welcomed. However, it is most helpful to have recycling emerge from case study data as part of a broader approach, rather than to focus on it as a sole aim. Similarly, the prioritisation of provenance has sometimes not helped the field. Engaging with a wider ‘characterisation hypothesis’ would bring several benefits, and help build collaborations with other areas of archaeology.
Maritime connections in the Western Mediterranean and access to copper resources in the Balearic Islands during the Late Bronze Age: Isotopic characterization of the bronze deposit at Es Mitjà Gran, Mallorca
Authors: Llull Estarellas Bartomeu , Perelló Mateo Laura , Calvo Trias Manuel
Published: January 2022

A very notable phenomenon took place during the final stages of the Late Bronze Age in the Balearic Islands: ritualistic, votive deposits of certain bronze objects. Of the various deposits that have been discovered, that at Es Mitjà Gran in Mallorca is among the most significant in terms of both the variety and number of objects found. Isotope analyses have allowed some of these objects to be linked with various areas around the Western Mediterranean and the European continent. These objects allow us to confirm and expand upon the web of known sailing networks and connections that existed between the Balearic Islands and continental Europe in the framework of prehistoric, Late Bronze Age maritime routes around the Western Mediterranean.
Approaches to interrogate the erased histories of recycled archaeological objects
Authors: Wood Jonathan R.
Published: January 2022

Any archaeological artefact made from recyclable material may have been recycled before deposition. Three approaches are presented which have identified recycling in the archaeological record: (1) the application of log ratio analyses to investigate compositional data indicates that Roman glass was recycled and reapplied as a glaze on Parthian pottery, thereby suggesting that the paucity of Parthian and Sasanian glass in the archaeological record is due to recycling; (2) linear mixing lines on plots that combine compositional and isotopic data suggest that most silver found in the Iron Age hoards of the southern Levant was mixed, with vertical mixing lines indicating that some of it was melted down hastily in times of unrest; and (3) histograms of compositional data provide evidence of recycling accompanied by dilution of cobalt‐blue glass in New Kingdom Egypt, potentially because the colourant was not available in later periods, thereby questioning the accepted provenance of the cobalt source. It is considered that application of these approaches can contribute to a better understanding of the motivations behind recycling in prehistory.
Quantifying the intersection of disability and homelessness in Massachusetts public schools in 2018–2019
Authors: Rubenstein Eric , Bock Emily , Brochu Paige , Byrne Thomas
Published: January 2022

Background

Homelessness has a major impact on the educational and health trajectories of children. Youth with disabilities may be especially vulnerable to experiencing homelessness, but little epidemiological work has been done to characterize dual disparity. Our goal was to describe the relationship between homelessness and disability among students (age 3–21) receiving public education in Massachusetts in 2018–2019. We evaluated the proportion of students with and without disabilities experiencing homelessness by county and school district.

Methods

We used publicly available data from the United States and Massachusetts Department's of Education. These data used the McKinney Vento Homelessness Assistance Act definition of homelessness which is a lack of fixed, adequate, and regular housing, and disability was determined by the presence of an individualized education program or individualized family service plan. We calculated percentages of students with and without disabilities experiencing homelessness at the state, county, and district level and calculated and mapped risk of homelessness comparing students and without disability. We also determined the occurrence of disability among those experiencing homelessness.

Results

In Massachusetts public schools, 3.5% of students with disabilities experienced homelessness compared with 2.4% of students without disabilities (relative risk 1.50, 95% CI: 1.47, 1.53). A greater proportion of students with disabilities experienced homelessness compared with students without disabilities in all counties. In sum, 24.8% of students experiencing homelessness had a reported disability.

Conclusions

In Massachusetts public schools, a greater proportion of students with disabilities experience homelessness compared with students without disabilities, and disability is common among students experiencing homelessness. We hypothesize potential mechanisms, such as the financial cost of disability, that may lead to this finding. Findings support the need for additional funding and interventions for school districts and communities to better serve vulnerable students with disabilities experiencing homelessness.
Comparison of the prognosis of the remaining teeth between implant‐supported fixed prostheses and removable partial dentures in partially edentulous patients: A retrospective study
Authors: Yamada Ryo , Nogawa Toshifumi , Takayama Yoshiyuki , Iwata Kai , Saito Masayasu , Yokoyama Atsuro
Published: January 2022

Background

There have been several reports about the prognosis of teeth adjacent to edentulous spaces for implant‐supported fixed prostheses (ISFPs) and removable partial dentures (RPDs). However, there are few reports about the prognosis of the other remaining teeth comparing ISFPs with RPDs.

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the prognosis of the remaining teeth for ISFPs and RPDs in terms of survival and complication‐free rates.

Methods

Subjects were partially edentulous patients with ISFPs or RPDs inserted in 2003–2016. Teeth adjacent to edentulous spaces (A‐teeth), teeth not adjacent to edentulous spaces (R‐teeth), and teeth opposing edentulous spaces (O‐teeth) were investigated. The endpoints were tooth extraction and complications. A multivariate cox regression model was used to estimate the risk factors for survival of the investigated teeth.

Results

A total of 233 (ISFP: 89, RPD: 144) patients were included in the statistical analyses. An IFSP prosthesis, when compared to an RPD prosthesis did not significantly decrease the tooth loss rate for A‐teeth (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.30–1.92), for R‐teeth (HR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.28–1.05), or for O‐teeth (HR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.10–2.09).

Conclusions

In partially edentulous spaces, the difference between ISFPs and RPDs does not affect the prognosis of teeth adjacent to edentulous spaces, teeth not adjacent to edentulous spaces, and teeth opposing edentulous spaces. Namely, our findings suggest that it depends largely on the tooth type, jaw, endodontic therapy performed, not on the type of prostheses.
Association between industry support and the reporting of study outcomes in randomized clinical trials of dental implant research from the past 20 years
Authors: Dini Caroline , Pereira Marta Maria Alves , Souza João Gabriel Silva , Shibli Jamil A. , de Avila Erica Dorigatti , Barão Valentim Adelino R.
Published: January 2022

Background

Industry support is a significant funding source in implant dentistry research, not only to provide regulatory processes, but also to validate and promote products through randomized clinical trials (RCTs). However, industry funding should not affect scientific outcomes.

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is an association between industry support for RCTs in implant dentistry and a greater chance of the reporting of positive outcomes, and whether there are other funding tendencies.

Materials and Methods

Randomized clinical trials from five implant dentistry journals were reviewed. Data were extracted, and descriptive and inferential statistical analyses (α = 0.05), including bivariate and multivariable logistic regression, and Spearman's correlation were performed.

Results

Two hundred eleven RCTs were included. Industry‐funded and ‐unfunded studies presented similar outcomes, in terms of positive and negative results (p ≥ 0.05). North American and European countries received more industry funding, as did high‐income countries, which showed well‐established collaboration with each other. Clinical Oral Implants Research and Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research published 83.6% of industry‐funded articles. Industry‐funded studies from middle‐income countries established more international collaborations with high‐income countries than did unfunded studies. Citation numbers were similar for funded and unfunded studies. The chance of RCTs being industry‐funded was higher for high‐income (odds ratio [OR] = 3.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99–9.32; p = 0.05) and North American articles (OR = 3.40; 95% CI, 1.37–8.42; p = 0.008) than in lower‐middle‐income and other continents, respectively. Higher industry funding was associated with specific topics such as “surgical procedures,” “prosthodontics topics,” and “implant macrodesign” (OR = 4.7; 95% CI, 1.45–15.20; p = 0.010) and with the increase in numbers of institutions (OR = 1.52; 95% CI, 1.16–2.0; p = 0.002).

Conclusion

The available evidence suggests no association between industry funding and greater chances of the reporting of positive outcomes in implant dentistry RCTs. A strong association was identified in industry trends concerning geographic origins, higher numbers of institutions, and specific research topics.
Effect of pneumoperitoneum and Trendelenburg position on internal carotid artery blood flow measured by ultrasound during robotic prostatectomy
Authors: Yu Jihion , Park Jun‐Young , Hong Jun Hyuk , Hwang Jai‐Hyun , Kim Young‐Kug
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Robotic prostatectomy requires pneumoperitoneum and a steep Trendelenburg position; however, this condition may compromise cerebral blood flow. Here, we evaluated the effect of pneumoperitoneum and the steep Trendelenburg position on internal carotid artery (ICA) blood flow measured by Doppler ultrasound during robotic prostatectomy.

Methods

Patients who underwent robotic prostatectomy were prospectively recruited. The ICA blood flow was measured at the following five time‐points: with the patient awake and in the supine position (Ta), 10 min after anaesthetic induction in the supine position (T1), 10 (T2) and 30 (T3) min after pneumoperitoneum in the steep Trendelenburg position, and at the end of surgery in the supine position after desufflation of the pneumoperitoneum (T4). Hemodynamic and cerebrovascular variables were measured at each time‐point.

Results

A total of 28 patients were evaluated. The ICA blood flows were significantly lower at T2 and T3 than at T1 (162.3 ± 44.7 [T2] vs. 188.0 ± 49.6 ml/min [T1]; p = .002, 163.1 ± 39.9 [T3] vs. 188.0 ± 49.6 ml/min [T1]; p = .009). The ICA blood flow also differed significantly between Ta and T1 (236.8 ± 58.3 vs. 188.0 ± 49.6 ml/min; p < .001). Heart rates, cardiac indexes, peak systolic velocity, and end‐diastolic velocity were significantly lower at T2 and T3 than at T1. However, ICA diameter, mean blood pressure, and end‐tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure did not differ significantly at all time‐points.

Conclusion

Pneumoperitoneum and the steep Trendelenburg position caused decreased ICA blood flow, suggesting that they should be carefully performed during robotic prostatectomy, especially in patients at risk of postoperative cerebrovascular accident.
Alkbh1‐mediated DNA N6‐methyladenine modification regulates bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell fate during skeletal aging
Authors: Cai Guang‐Ping , Liu Ya‐Lin , Luo Li‐Ping , Xiao Ye , Jiang Tie‐Jian , Yuan Jian , Wang Min
Published: January 2022

Objectives

DNA N6‐methyladenine (N6‐mA) demethylase Alkbh1 participates in regulating osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) and vascular calcification. However, the role of Alkbh1 in bone metabolism remains unclear.

Materials and Methods

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)‐specific Alkbh1 knockout mice were used to investigate the role of Alkbh1 in bone metabolism. Western blot, qRT‐PCR, and immunofluorescent staining were used to evaluate the expression of Alkbh1 or optineurin (optn). Micro‐CT, histomorphometric analysis, and calcein double‐labeling assay were used to evaluate bone phenotypes. Cell staining and qRT‐PCR were used to evaluate the osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Dot blotting was used to detect the level of N6‐mA in genomic DNA. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (Chip) assays were used to identify critical targets of Alkbh1. Alkbh1 adeno‐associated virus was used to overexpress Alkbh1 in aged mice.

Results

Alkbh1 expression in BMSCs declined during aging. Knockout of Alkbh1 promoted adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs while inhibited osteogenic differentiation. BMSC‐specific Alkbh1 knockout mice exhibited reduced bone mass and increased marrow adiposity. Mechanistically, we identified optn as the downstream target through which Alkbh1‐mediated DNA m6A modification regulated BMSCs fate. Overexpression of Alkbh1 attenuated bone loss and marrow fat accumulation in aged mice.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrated that Alkbh1 regulated BMSCs fate and bone‐fat balance during skeletal aging and provided a potential target for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Resonant selves in ethical and theological perspective: On personhood and identity formation
Authors: Gregersen Niels Henrik
Published: January 2022

Absorbing insights from secular discourses on personhood, theology can provide added perspectives on human identity. (1) An attributive view of personal dignity based on divine and social recognition encompasses both capacity‐oriented and relation‐centred views of personhood. (2) Gregory of Nyssa shows Patristic resources for multifaceted ecological self in some contrast to the inner‐Trinitarian idea of ecclesial persons in John D. Zizioulas. (3) An economic Trinitarian model of personhood is proposed, in which the indwelling of Christ is balanced by a pneumatological anthropology. (4) Entering contemporary discussions, the paper proposes a “sonar” or “re‐sonant” understanding of the human per‐sona, hereby accommodating and responding to particularistic challenges to the idea of a shared human personhood.
MAPT Q336H mutation: Intrafamilial phenotypic heterogeneity in a new Italian family
Authors: Villa Cristina , Rossi Giacomina , Bizzozero Ilaria , Prioni Sara , Boiocchi Chiara , Agosta Federica , Canu Elisa , Filippi Massimo , Giaccone Giorgio , Caroppo Paola
Published: January 2022

Background and purpose

Q336H is a rare MAPT mutation, previously found in a single patient with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and tau pathology (Pick bodies). Here, we describe the clinical characteristics of two members of a new family carrying the Q336H MAPT mutation.

Methods

Clinical, genetic, and neuroradiological assessment and follow‐up of the proband were made.

Results

At age 37 years, the proband developed naming and object recognition impairment, due to a lack of knowledge. After 3 years, he developed behavioral disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography showed the involvement of the left temporal pole. A diagnosis of semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) was made. At follow‐up after 6 and 12 months, a rapid worsening of cognitive deficits occurred. His parent presented, at age 65 years, slowly progressive memory deficits without behavioral impairment, and, on MRI, evidence of mesial temporal atrophy, consistent with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD).

Conclusions

This is the second family carrying the MAPT Q336H mutation reported so far. We showed that svPPA and AD‐like phenotype can be associated with this mutation. A wide clinical variability exists at the intrafamilial level for Q336H MAPT mutation, pointing to genetic and/or environmental influencing factors on disease expression. We also confirmed that svPPA can be associated with MAPT mutations, suggesting that this gene should be analyzed also in patients with svPPA, especially with early onset. In addition, an AD‐like phenotype may be associated with this mutation, suggesting its different effects on protein misfolding and aggregation.
Effect of niche components on masseter satellite cell differentiation on fibrin coatings
Authors: Lijten Olivier Willem , Rosero Salazar Doris Haydee , van Erp Merijn , Bronkhorst Ewald , Von den Hoff Johannes W.
Published: January 2022

In skeletal muscles, niche factors stimulate satellite cells to activate and induce muscle regeneration after injury. In vitro, matrigel is widely used for myoblast differentiation, however, is unsuitable for clinical applications. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze attachment and differentiation of satellite cells into myotubes on fibrin coatings with selected niche components. The attachment of satellite cells to fibrin alone and fibrin with niche components (laminin, collagen‐IV, laminin‐entactin complex [LEC]) were compared to matrigel. Only on matrigel and fibrin with LEC, Pax7‐positive cells attached well. Then, LEC was selected to analyze proliferation, differentiation, and fusion indices. The proliferation index at day 1 on fibrin‐LEC (22.5%, SD 9.1%) was similar to that on matrigel (30.8% [SD 11.1%]). The differentiation index on fibrin‐LEC (28.7% [SD 6.1%] at day 5 and 32.8% [SD 6.7%] at day 7) was similar to that on matrigel (40.1% [5.1%] at day 5 and 27.1% [SD 4.3%] at day 7). On fibrin‐LEC, the fusion index at day 9 (26.9% [SD 11.5%]) was similar to that on matrigel (25.5% [SD 4.7%]). Our results showed that the addition of LEC enhances the formation of myotubes on fibrin. Fibrin with LEC might be suitable to enhance muscle regeneration after surgery such as cleft palate repair and other muscle defects.
Role of the polycystic kidney disease domain in matriptase chaperone activity and localization of hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor‐1
Authors: Yamashita Fumiki , Kaieda Takashi , Shimomura Takeshi , Kawaguchi Makiko , Lin Chen‐Yong , Johnson Michael D , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Kiwaki Takumi , Fukushima Tsuyoshi , Kataoka Hiroaki
Published: January 2022

Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor‐1 (HAI‐1, also known as SPINT1) is an inhibitor of matriptase, a type‐2 transmembrane protease widely expressed in epithelial cells. HAI‐1 also functions as a chaperone to maintain the processing and localization of matriptase required for epithelial integrity. However, mechanisms underpinning the chaperone function remain to be elucidated. Here, we show that the first Kunitz domain (KD1) and the adjacent polycystic kidney disease (PKD) domain‐like internal domain of HAI‐1 are essential for the chaperone function. In HEK293T cells, which do not express endogenous HAI‐1 or matriptase, forced matriptase overexpression was unsuccessful unless sufficient HAI‐1 was co‐expressed. Among mutant HAI‐1 constructs, HAI‐1 with inactivation mutation in KD1 (HAI‐1mKD1) or HAI‐1 lacking the PKD domain (HAI‐1dPKD) was unable to support matriptase expression, and neither mutant formed a complex with activated matriptase. Matriptase did not localize to the cell surface when co‐expressed with HAI‐1dPKD. Moreover, HAI‐1dPKD accumulated in the cytoplasm of HEK293T and HaCaT cells rather than localizing to the cell surface, presumably due to misfolding as judged by altered antibody recognition. On the other hand, activationlocked and activity‐incompetent matriptase were stable and readily overexpressed and localized to the cell surface without HAI‐1. Therefore, the observed matriptase instability was caused by its own catalytic activity in the absence of inhibitory HAI‐1. The matriptase chaperone function of HAI‐1 is thus mediated primarily by the inhibition of undesired intracellular matriptase activity, and the PKD domain is essential for the proper folding and trafficking of inhibitory HAI‐1 and its chaperone function.
A new bioenergy model that simulates the impacts of plant‐microbial interactions, soil carbon protection, and mechanistic tillage on soil carbon cycling
Authors: Juice Stephanie M. , Walter Christopher A. , Allen Kara E. , Berardi Danielle M. , Hudiburg Tara W. , Sulman Benjamin N. , Brzostek Edward R.
Published: January 2022

Advancing our predictive understanding of bioenergy systems is critical to design decision tools that can inform which feedstock to plant, where to plant it, and how to manage its production to provide both energy and ecosystem carbon (C) benefits. Here, we lay the foundation for that advancement by integrating recent developments in the science of belowground processes in shaping the C cycle into a new bioenergy model, FUN‐BioCROP (Fixation and Uptake of Nitrogen‐Bioenergy Carbon, Rhizosphere, Organisms, and Protection). We show that FUN‐BioCROP can approximate the historical trajectory of soil C dynamics as natural ecosystems were successively converted into intensive agriculture and bioenergy systems. This ability relies in part on a novel tillage representation that mechanistically models tillage as a process that increases microbial access to C. Importantly, the impacts of tillage and feedstock choice also influence FUN‐BioCROP simulations of warming responses with no‐till perennial feedstocks, miscanthus, and switchgrass, having more C that is unprotected and susceptible to warming than tilled annual feedstocks like corn–corn–soybean. However, this susceptibility to warming is balanced by a greater potential for increases in belowground C allocation to enhance soil C stocks in perennial systems. Collectively, our model results highlight the importance of belowground processes in evaluating the ecosystem C benefits of bioenergy production.
The structured interview's resistance to gender discrimination under cognitive load
Authors: Kith Sulan , Cassidy Scott A. , Powell Deborah M.
Published: January 2022

Job interviews are cognitively demanding tasks for interviewers. However, it is unclear whether the high cognitive load (CL) that interviewers face will ultimately compromise the resistance to discrimination that otherwise distinguishes structured interviews from other selection methods. Using a two‐study experimental design, we explored the effect of cognitive load on gender discrimination in structured job interviews. In Study 1, participants completed an online interview simulation in which they assessed both a male and a female candidate applying for either a male‐ or female‐dominated job, while under either a high or low degree of cognitive load. Participants provided ratings of each candidate's suitability for the job as well as a final, ipsative hiring decision. Study 2 served as a larger replication of Study 1. Overall, CL was not found to affect candidate ratings. These results support the structured interview's general resistance to discrimination.
Solving the multi‐objective bike routing problem by meta‐heuristic algorithms
Authors: Nunes Pedro , Moura Ana , Santos José
Published: January 2022

The Multi‐Objective Bike Routing Problem (MOBRP) addressed in this paper consists in finding a set of good solutions that represents the trade‐off between cyclist preferences when choosing a route. We propose a new genetic approach to solve the MOBRP (NGA‐MOBRP) with a new mutation operator. To test the approach, we consider four conflicting criteria: safety, travel distance, travel time, and comfort. The well‐known Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA‐II) is also implemented in the MOBRP context, and its weaknesses are identified and mitigated in the proposed NGA‐MOBRP. The developed approach is compared with other published works in this field, namely another genetic algorithm and a Multi‐Objective Simulated Annealing (MOSA) approach. The computational results show that the approach developed in this work obtains better results than the previously mentioned published approaches.
Peculiar electric properties of polarized layer in alkaline silicate glasses
Authors: Koroleva Ekaterina , Reshetov Ilya , Babich Ekaterina , Vakhrushev Sergey , Tagantsev Dmitry , Lipovskii Andrey
Published: January 2022

Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) was applied to study polarization phenomena in alkaline silicate glasses, in particular, properties and structure of subsurface (anodic) polarized layers forming in poling with deposited film electrodes of different structures. A model of poled glasses which does not contradict experimental data is proposed. In accordance with the model, a poled glass is presented as two resistor‐capacitor circuits in a series connection, one of which is the polarized layer and another is the rest of the sample. It is found that the electric properties of the layers essentially depend on the structure of the anodic electrode used in glass poling. It is also shown that the dielectric response of poled glass samples is mainly determined by the electric properties of the submicron polarized layers and this gives an opportunity to reveal specific properties of the layers rather than ones of the glass sample bulk. Revealed temperature dependence of DC conductivity of the polarized layers obeys Arrhenius's law, and determining activation energy does not depend on the electrode. Finally, it is noted that today above‐mentioned information about polarized layers can be obtained only by BDS.
Temporal trends and in‐hospital complications of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation among patients with moderate and advanced chronic kidney diseases: 2005−2018
Authors: Prasitlumkum Narut , Chokesuwattanaskul Ronpichai , Kaewput Wisit , Thongprayoon Charat , Tokavanich Nithi , Bathini Tarun , Boonpheng Boonphiphop , Vallabhajosyula Saraschandra , Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Jongnarangsin Krit
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Real‐world data on atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation among moderate and advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have so far remained scarce, especially in‐hospital AF ablation outcomes.

Methods

We drew data from the US National Inpatient Sample to identify hospitalized patients who underwent AF ablation between 2005 and 2018, and further stratified by CKD classification. We assessed the trend of AF ablation, as well as its complications.

Results

A total of 152 630 patients who were primarily hospitalized for AF and underwent ablation were estimated. Among these, CKD patients were found in a total of 1509 participants, with 978, 206, and 325 under CKD3, CKD4, and CKD5/ESKD, respectively. There was a significant increment in admission rates for AF ablation in the CKD population across all CKD classifications (p < .001). All CKD patients were statistically older, with higher coexisting comorbidities, while hypertension was found substantially lower than non‐CKD patients (p ≤ .001). Importantly, CKD, especially CKD3 and CKD5/ESKD, was significantly associated with an increased risk of total complications, and total bleeding, Neurological complications were found statistically lower in CKD patients (p = .029), and no mortality rates were significantly different (p = .287).

Conclusion

Our study observed an increase in admission trends for AF ablation among moderate and advanced CKD patients from 2005 to 2018. CKD was strongly associated with higher procedure‐related complications and bleeding, but neurological safety profiles and mortalities rates were nonsignificantly different.
Atrial fibrillation ablation in chronic kidney disease—Lessons from large datasets
Authors: Liu Christopher F.
Published: January 2022

Outcomes data regarding atrial fibrillation treatment in chronic kidney disease are lacking. Available data and unanswered questions in this realm will be discussed, along with how the present manuscript fits into the overall literature of this field.
Catheter contact angle influences local impedance drop during radiofrequency catheter ablation: Insight from a porcine experimental study with 2 different LI‐sensing catheters
Authors: Matsuura Gen , Fukaya Hidehira , Ogawa Emiyu , Kawakami Sota , Mori Hitoshi , Saito Daiki , Sato Tetsuro , Nakamura Hironori , Ishizue Naruya , Oikawa Jun , Kishihara Jun , Niwano Shinichi , Ako Junya
Published: January 2022

Background

Local impedance (LI) can indirectly measure catheter contact and tissue temperature during radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). However, data on the effects of catheter contact angle on LI parameters are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of catheter contact angle on LI changes and lesion size with two different LI‐sensing catheters in a porcine experimental study.

Methods

Lesions were created by the INTELLANAV MiFi™ OI (MiFi) and the INTELLANAV STABLEPOINT™ (STABLEPOINT). RFCA was performed with 30 W and a duration of 30 s. The contact force (CF) (0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 g) and catheter contact angle (30°, 45°, and 90°) were changed in each set (n = 8 each). The LI rise, LI drop, and lesion size were evaluated.

Results

The LI rise increased as CF increased. There was no angular dependence with the LI rise under all CFs in the MiFi. On the other hand, the LI rise at 90° was lower than at 30° under 5 and 10 g of CF in STABLEPOINT. The LI drop increased as CF increased. Regarding the difference in catheter contact angles, the LI drop at 90° was lower than that at 30° for both catheters. The maximum lesion widths and surface widths were smaller at 90° than at 30°, whereas there were no differences in lesion depths.

Conclusion

The LI drop and lesion widths at 90° were significantly smaller than those at 30°, although the lesion depths were not different among the 3 angles for the MiFi and STABLEPOINT.
Outcomes in congenital and childhood complete atrioventricular block: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Deshpande Saurabh , Shenthar Jayaprakash , Khanra Dibbendhu , Isath Ameesh , Banavalikar Bharatraj , Reddy Satish , Krishnappa Darshan , Khan Hassan , Kella Danesh , Padmanabhan Deepak
Published: January 2022

Background

The long‐term outcomes of patients with congenital and childhood complete atrioventricular block (CCAVB/CAVB) after pacemaker implantation are unclear.

Methods

We performed a meta‐analysis of all the studies of CCAVB. A systematic search of PubMed and CENTRAL databases from January 1, 1967 to January 31, 2020 was performed. The quality of studies included was critically appraised using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale, and outcome data were analyzed using the restricted maximum likelihood function.

Results

Twenty‐nine studies were eligible for analysis, with a total of 1553 patients. The all‐cause‐mortality was 5.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.5%–9.9%), while pacing‐induced cardiomyopathy (PICM) was seen in 3.8% (95% CI: 1.2–7.2). Diagnosis at birth (effect size [ES] [95%CI]: −2.23 [−0.36 to −0.10]; p < .001), presence of congenital heart disease (ES [95%CI]: −0.67 [0.41–0.93]; p < .001), younger age at pacemaker implantation (ES [95%CI]: −0.01 [−0.02 to −0.001]; p = .02), and duration of pacing (ES [95%CI]: −0.03 [−0.05 to −0.003]; p = .03), were associated with an higher mortality on binominal logistic regression. None of the parameters were significant on multivariate analysis.

Conclusion

Pooled proportional mortality in patients with CCAVB and CAVB is 5.7% with an infrequent incidence of PICM (3.8%) in the paced patients with AVB suggesting that pacing in these patients is an effective management strategy with a low incidence of long‐term side effects. Registry and randomized data can throw additional light regarding the natural history and appropriate management strategy in these patients.
Linear and volumetric wear of conventional and milled denture teeth
Authors: Kim Susun Theresa , Cook Donald Ryan , Albouy Jean‐Pierre , De Kok Ingeborg , Sulaiman Taiseer A.
Published: January 2022

Objective

The purpose of this study was to compare the linear and volumetric wear of conventional and milled double‐cross‐linked polymethyl methacrylate, nano‐composite, and nano‐ceramic infused resin posterior denture teeth.

Methods

Double‐cross‐linked polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) premolar teeth were scanned and used to mill denture teeth from a double‐cross‐linked PMMA resin disc and a nano‐composite with nano‐ceramic infused resin disc. The specimens (n = 8: conventional double‐cross‐linked PMMA resin teeth—DCL, milled double‐cross‐linked PMMA resin teeth—DCL‐CAM, conventional nano‐composite infused resin teeth with four layers composed of composite and PMMA resin teeth—NC, and milled nano‐composite and nano‐ceramic infused resin teeth—NC‐CAM) underwent chewing simulation in the biaxial fatigue testing machine at 1.53 Hz frequency, thermocycling between 5 and 55°C, and 49 N force against a Ø6mm steatite. After 250,000 cycles, the linear changes on the occlusal surfaces of the specimens were analyzed with pairwise comparison with Bonferroni post hoc test, and the volumetric changes of the specimens were analyzed with a one‐way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test (p < 0.05).

Results

The linear wear of the conventional and milled denture teeth was linearly correlated with the number of cycles between 50,000 and 250,000 cycles. After 250,000 cycles, NC had significantly more linear and volumetric wear (0.52 ± 0.10 mm and 4.29 ± 0.94 mm3) than DCL (0.18 ± 0.03 mm and 0.74 ± 0.14 mm3; p < 0.001) and NC‐CAM (0.15 ± 0.03 mm and 0.35 ± 0.21 mm3; p < 0.001). DCL‐CAM and NC‐CAM had linearly and volumetrically equivalent wear to DCL (p > 0.05). NC‐CAM had significantly less linear and volumetric wear (0.15 ± 0.03 mm and 0.35 ± 0.21 mm3) than DCL‐CAM (0.24 ± 0.07 mm and 1.22 ± 0.61 mm3; p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The conventional NC wore more than DCL, DCL‐CAM, and NC‐CAM. Both milled denture teeth wore an equivalent amount to conventional DCL. The wear between the conventional and milled DCL was equivalent.

Clinical significance

Denture teeth selection can prolong the retreading process and decrease the occurrences of prosthetic complications. Milled denture teeth are good alternatives to conventional denture teeth with regards to their wear resistance.
Effect of pretreatments and drying on shrinkage and rehydration kinetics of ginger (Zingiber officinale)
Authors: Buvaneswaran Malini , Natarajan Venkatachalapathy , Sunil Chikkaballapur Krishnappa , Rawson Ashish
Published: January 2022

In this study, it was aimed to understand the effect of drying temperature (40, 50, and 60°C) and pretreatments such as conventional blanching (60°C for 5 min) (CB), microwave‐assisted blanching (430 W for 2 min) (MAB), and ultrasound (amplitude: 60%; time: 15 min) (US) conditions on shrinkage and rehydration behavior of ginger slices. In all treatment combinations, the volumetric shrinkage of ginger slices was well described by the quadratic equation as a function of moisture content. From the experimental study, it was found that the ginger slices pretreated with US had shown the lowest percentage of shrinkage in length (6–7%), breadth (41–43%), and volume (64–65%) at three different drying temperatures, following that control (7–10%, 44–45%, and 66–71%), CB (17–19%, 55–57%, and 80–81%), and MAB (16–23%, 46–53%, and 76–80%) slices have higher volumetric shrinkage. In rehydration, the Peleg's, exponential, and Vega‐Galvez models comparatively well describe the rehydration kinetics of ginger slices as a function of rehydration time. The US treated samples dried at 60°C have the higher rehydration ratio (RR) of 4.886 at 35°C rehydration temperature. The relationship between the Peleg's kinetic rates constant (k1), and various treatment conditions was estimated. The rehydration ratio of ginger slices lies between 2.5 and 5. Compared to other pretreatments and drying conditions, US treated samples dried at 60°C have better quality in terms of volumetric shrinkage and rehydration ratio.

Practical Applications

When it comes to the preservation of fresh agricultural products, drying is the most common method. Studying dried product quality using physical criteria such as shrinkage and rehydration helps to understand the textural and physical nature of foods. This study will aid in selecting better process parameters to obtain higher‐quality products and information on ginger shrinkage and rehydration behavior. The shrinkage and rehydration behavior of ginger slices have been satisfactorily described using mathematical models. A quadratic equation best describes the shrinkage behavior. The rehydration property of ginger slices is well represented by the Peleg's, exponential, and Vega‐Galvez models. The ginger slices pretreated with US treatment undergone fewer shrinkage changes and have higher water uptake in a minimum rehydration period. They can be used in ready to cook products.
Climate change allowances, non‐stationarity and flood frequency analyses
Authors: Griffin Adam , Kay Alison , Stewart Lisa , Spencer Peter
Published: January 2022

When considering future adaptation to climate change in UK fluvial flood alleviation schemes, the current recommendation by the Environment Agency (England) is to increase peak design flood flows by a preselected percentage. This allowance varies depending on the period for which the estimate is being made, the vulnerability of the development being considered and its location. Recently, questions have been raised as to whether these percentage uplifts should be kept the same, or whether change has already happened within the baseline period and so uplifts should be reduced. A complicating factor is that changes in flood frequency can occur for reasons in addition to climate change, such as land‐use change or natural variability. This article describes current approaches taken by different stakeholders for catchments in England and Wales to account for climate change, and discusses these allowances where there is already an observed presence of trend in flood regimes. Theil–Sen estimators of trend were used in comparing non‐stationary and stationary flood frequency curves with allowances applied, leading to a recommendation of evaluating non‐stationary models at 1990, the end of the reference period. Examples were explored such as the Eden catchment, which was heavily affected by Storm Desmond in December 2015.
Does nonperforming loan securitization affect credit default swap spreads? Evidence from European banks
Authors: Di Tommaso Caterina , Pacelli Vincenzo
Published: January 2022

We contribute to the growing literature on bank risk management by examining the credit risk implications of nonperforming loan (NPL) management during the period 2012–2020. We construct a unique database with 116 NPL deals by 31 European Union (EU) banks. Our study is motivated by the hypothesis that NPL securitization has a beneficial effect on bank loan quality and that this effect is incorporated in the bank's credit default swap (CDS) spread. Our analysis finds a statistically significant decline in a bank's CDS spread in the days leading up to and shortly after the announcement of an NPL securitization. This suggests that the CDS market views NPL securitization as a de‐risking activity and a means of risk mitigation. The impact is even more evident for NPL securitization with a government guarantee which may offer additional credibility to these de‐risking activities.