bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Spatial Distributions of Radiation Emitted from a Sinusoidal Current Filament and a Dipole Antenna
Authors: Miller Edmund K.
Published: September 2022

While the analytical and numerical tools for determining the basic properties of a variety of antenna types have been long-established, there remains some continuing curiosity about how electromagnetic radiation is launched by such a simple antenna as a dipole. The following article discusses this problem in both the frequency domain and time domain. The sinusoidal current filament (SCF) is investigated first as a prototype of a wire dipole. The length-wise distribution of radiated power for the SCF is obtained from the distributed radiation resistance of Schelkunoff and Feldman, the induced electromotive force (IEMF) method, and the far-field analysis of radiation sources (FARS) developed by the author.
The FARS approach is next used to analyze a frequency-domain numerical model of a dipole antenna, producing results similar to those for the SCF for a dipole of near-zero radius. Differentiating the decaying on-surface Poynting vector (PV) produces results comparable to those from FARS to explicitly demonstrate the power loss caused by radiation of the propagating current and charge. The lobed distributed radiated power is shown to be closely correlated with the square of the dipole current, confirming the cause of the radiation to be due to a partially reflected charge as the current and charge form standing waves on the dipole. Application of a time-domain version of FARS yields a smoothed length-wise distribution of radiated energy as opposed to the lobed variation of the frequency domain.
3D Dynamic Ray-tracing Propagation Model with Moving Scatterer Effects
Authors: Liu Gang , Wei Tao , Cheng Chong-Hu
Published: September 2022

Ray-tracing propagation model (RTPM) has been widely used for predicting channel characteristics, whereas the scenarios considered are generally static. The complexity of RTPM is significantly increased due to the rapidly time-varying scenario resulted from moving scatterers. A three-dimensional (3D) dynamic RTPM considering moving scatterer effects is advanced in this paper. First, a simplified dynamic scenario preprocessing method based on the predefined active region and face transformation is proposed. The random movement of multiple scatterers can be enabled without repeated scenario modeling. Second, an efficient dynamic ray-tracing method based on self-adaptive ray-launching technique is advanced. The computational efficiency of the dynamic RTPM can be significantly improved due to the exclusion of repeated ray-tracing process over time. Finally, the feasibility and accuracy of the RTPM is verified by comparing the simulation results with the measurements performed in an indoor scenario with pedestrians.
Study on Wide-angle Scanning Characteristics of Hemispherical Array
Authors: Du Linqian , Zhao Jianping , Xu Juan
Published: September 2022

A kind of hemispherical antenna array based on shape conformal is studied in this paper. In order to solve the polarization problem during beam scanning of the array, the method of phase compensation is adopted. The omni-directional scanning of 0−∘360∘ in azimuth direction and wide-angle scanning of −90to∘ 90∘ in elevation direction are realized. The gain of the array at each scanning angle is about 17 dB. To reduce the occlusion effect of array elements on radiation, the effective elements at different scanning angles are selected for thinned array arrangement. The power loss is reduced and the better scanning performance is achieved by using fewer elements.
A Novel Double-layer Low-profile Multiband Frequency Selective Surface for 4G Mobile Communication System
Authors: Balta Şakir , Kartal Mesut
Published: September 2022

A novel double-layer multiband, low-profile frequency selective surface (FSS) for IMT-Advanced (4G) mobile communication system is presented in this article. On aspired to a minimum transmission coefficient of −10 dB for surface materials when the frequency bands targeted for blocking are stopped. For this project, we chose the dielectric substrate FR4 (loss-tangent = 0.02; dielectric constant = 4.54) and a thickness of 1 mm. Dodecagonal rings, upright bars, and square frame make up the FSS unit cell. The desired frequency responses of the FSS were intended to avoid being changed according to the angle of incidence of the electromagnetic waves. The FSS design is proposed as a symmetrical structure to make it polarization-independent and is aimed to stop 800, 900, 1800, 2100, and 2600 MHz frequencies to prevent harmful effects to human health and interference effects at these frequencies. With a cell size of 0.17λ, the planned FSS is quite small and, thus, has a low sensitivity at the angle of the incident wave. In addition, FSS geometry was manufactured by a printed circuit board (PCB) and measured in a non-reflective environment after being studied in Ansys high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software. By comparing the analysis and measurement results of the design, the success of the FSS to the frequencies to be stopped has been verified. The effect of each patch on different frequencies has been examined by drawing the surface current density graphs of the design.
Application of the Multi-element Grid in EMC Uncertainty Simulation
Authors: Bai Jinjun , Guo Kaibin , Sun Jingchao , Wang Ning
Published: September 2022

Uncertainty analysis is a research hotspot in the field of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) simulation. The stochastic collocation method (SCM) is considered particularly suitable for uncertainty analysis in the EMC field because it is characterized by a high level of computational efficiency and accuracy while requiring no replacement solver. However, the post-processing process of the SCM is too complex, which will seriously limit its application in many industrial environments such as real-time simulation analysis. Multi-element grid (MEG) is a novel uncertainty analysis method recently for successful application in another area. It is proved that its calculation accuracy is same as the SCM, and its post-processing process is facile. This paper introduces the MEG to the EMC field and makes a detailed comparison between it and the SCM in performance, aiming to apply uncertainty analysis to solve more practical EMC engineering problems.
Analysis of a Sinusoidal Rotor Segments Axial Flux Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with 120-degree Phase Belt Toroidal Windings
Authors: Wang Yansong , Zhang Wenbing , Nie Rui , Si Jikai , Cao Wenping , Li Yingsheng
Published: September 2022

Axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) motors are widely applied in many applications due to their performance advantages. A novel AFPM which owns a special winding form (120-degree phase belt toroidal windings) and a distinct rotor structure (sinusoidal rotor segments) is proposed in this paper to further improve the torque density of this kind of machine. First, the structure and working principle of the 120-degree phase belt toroidal windings sinusoidal rotor segments AFPM interior synchronous motor (120D-TWSRSAFPMISM) are clarified. Then, the design formula and crucial parameters of the motor are presented. Subsequently, the cogging torque is optimized by dividing the magnet grouping. Finally, the characteristics of the 120D-TWSRSAFPMISM are analyzed and compared with those of the traditional toroidal windings sinusoidal rotor segments AFPMISM (T-TWSRSAFPMISM) and another T-TW motor without the sinusoidal rotor segments (T-TWAFPMISM) by finite element method (FEM). The results show that the 120D-TW can significantly increase the back electromotive force (EMF) compared with the T-TW, and the sinusoidal rotor segments can increase the air-gap flux density compared with the traditional interior rotor. Therefore, the 120D-TW and sinusoidal rotor segments are combined in the AFPM motor. This combination can further increase the torque density compared with the contrast motors.
Inequalities in caregiving strain during the COVID-19 pandemic: conceptual framework and review of the empirical evidence
Authors: Schmitz Alina , Quashie Nekehia T. , Wagner Melanie , Kaschowitz Judith
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic poses specific risks to vulnerable population groups. Informal carers for older adults are especially at risk of increased strain, as support from social networks and professional care services is no longer available or in short supply. Already before the pandemic, caring was unequally distributed within societies, with women and people in lower socio-economic status groups bearing a higher risk of caring strain. In this article, we propose a conceptual framework of (unequal) caring strain during the pandemic. We then summarise the state of empirical research, suggest questions for future studies and outline implications for social policy.
Home care service providers in Brussels: time adjustments during COVID-19 and the consequences for frontline home care workers
Authors: Giordano Chiara
Published: September 2022

Home care service providers have been considerably affected by the COVID-19 crisis. Since the beginning of the pandemic, their internal organisation has undergone important changes, including in terms of time schedules, to adapt to the needs of the older population and those of workers. In most cases, they had to reduce the provision of services, either because care workers – the majority of whom are women – were no longer available to cover the shifts, or because families had cancelled the services. In other cases, they had to meet increased demand. The most dramatic consequences were borne by female care workers, who had to combine working time adjustments with family obligations. Drawing from the material collected before and after the impact of the pandemic in Belgium, which includes interviews with public and private home care providers, this article explores the consequences that time adjustments had on frontline care workers and on the organisations themselves.
Post-war child welfare
Authors: Hyslop Ian Kelvin
Published: September 2022

This chapter explores post-war child welfare. It mentions how child protection is politically constructed in a way that brings tension to the liberal capitalist project. The new liberal reforms in the mid-1980s could be linked to the political backdrops of capitalist fundamentalism at the time. Aotearoa’s stability was undone by the collapse of the macro-economic developments linked with the changes in global trade, commodities, and investment markets. Following the Second World War, social work gradually became a broad professional identity that is subject to intra-professional tensions. Child welfare policies are aligned with the functions of broader state bureaucracy under either the liberal or democratic welfare consensus.
Building a new paradigm
Authors: Hyslop Ian Kelvin
Published: September 2022

This chapter explains building a new paradigm of child protection. Liberal capitalism’s ideological rubric created the standard and discursive parameters for defining and responding to the issue of child maltreatment. However, whanau Māori received disproportionate intervention from the state child welfare system. Social workers enacting the child protection policy are inevitably linked with the state’s machinations. Thus, transformational policy design and practice delivery should address work for Māori, economic drivers of inequality, systemic racism, and unresolved problems of power, authorities, and Māori autonomy in Aotearoa. The chapter includes the findings of the Child Welfare Inequalities Project (CWIP), a research into the child protection system and outcome inequalities in the UK.
The Flexibility Paradox
Authors: Chung Heejung
Published: September 2022

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, flexible working has become the norm for many workers. However, does flexible working really provide a better work-life balance, enhance worker’s well-being and gender equality? This volume offers an original examination of flexible working using data from 30 European countries and drawing on studies conducted across the world including China, the US and India. The book reveals how flexible working can lead to workers working longer and harder, with work encroaching on family life. This is largely due to our current work and work-life balance culture, where long hours work in the office is hailed as the ideal productive worker, compounded by the decline in workers’ bargaining power and increased levels of insecurities. Similarly, norms around gender roles and intensive parenting cultures shape how the patterns of exploitation manifests differently for women and men. Women end up exploiting themselves at home by increasing time spent on childcare and housework, reenforcing traditional gender roles. This, and assumptions around women’s flexible working can explain why women and mothers may especially be party to negative career consequences when working flexibly. However, all is not lost. The book shows changes in cultural and institutional contexts, and the wide-spread of flexible working can help change the patterns of flexibility paradox. Taking a critical stance, this book investigates the potential risks and benefits of flexible working and provides crucial policy recommendations for policy makers, managers, and workers alike in overcoming the negative consequences.
Exploring the role of the UK renal social worker: The nexus between health and social care for renal patients
Authors: Seekles Maaike L. , Ormandy Paula
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Patients living with progressive chronic kidney disease may face a variety of ongoing physical, emotional, financial and/or social challenges along the disease pathway. In most UK renal units, psychosocial support has traditionally been provided by a renal social worker. However, in recent years, the numbers of renal social workers have been declining. The specialised role is poorly understood and there is no UK research about the profession. To inform future research and guide workforce planning, this study presents the first-ever exploration of the UK renal social worker role. It aimed to map the profession’s activities and reasons for involvement in patient care, as well as providing an initial evaluation of that involvement on patient wellbeing.

Methods and analysis

This mixed-method study recruited adult renal social workers (n = 14), who completed diaries over a 4-month period, participated in a focus group, and provided secondary data (caseload data and audit files where available) to give insight into their role. The evaluation of social work involvement on patient wellbeing used a pre-post intervention design. It measured distress, anxiety and depression levels as captured by the Distress Thermometer and Emotional Thermometers. A total of 161 patients completed the pre-involvement questionnaire, and 87 (55%) returned the post-involvement questionnaire.

Results and conclusion

The renal social worker role is creative, broad and fluid, with variations in roles linked to differences in employment and funding arrangements, configurations of the wider multidisciplinary renal team, level of standardisation of psychosocial care, availability of community services, and staff-to-patient ratios. Renal social work is different from statutory social work, and renal social workers are generally able to offer continuous rather than episodic care and support patients that would not meet strict local authority eligibility criteria. The findings showed that this support leads to significantly reduced distress and anxiety.
Induktív gondolkodás fejlesztése oktatási robotokkal támogatott
fejlesztő környezetben
Authors: Majzik Tamás , Molnár Gyöngyvér
Published: September 2022

A tanulmány egy kisiskolások számára kidolgozott, oktatási
robotikára építő, induktív gondolkodást fejlesztő program
hatásvizsgálatának eredményeit ismerteti. Az induktív gondolkodás egyrészt
kiemelkedő szerepet játszik a tanulásban és a megszerezett tudás
alkalmazásában, másrészt tanítható, fejleszthető képesség. A fejlesztés
egyik 21. századi eszköze lehet az oktatási robotok alkalmazása. A kutatás
keretein belül kisiskolás diákok számára kidolgozott induktív gondolkodást
fejlesztő programban Blue-Bot, Codey Rocky, Edison és Ozobot robotokat
használtunk. A programmal négy héten keresztül fejlesztettünk 1–4.
évfolyamos tanulókat (N = 18). A kutatás kontrollcsoportját diákszintű
illesztés után háttérváltozók és képességszint tekintetében hasonló diákok
alkották (N = 90). A fejlesztés időintervallumában történő spontán és
iskolai implicit, illetve a fejlesztő programmal történő explicit
fejlesztés hatékonyságát egy, a kutatás kezdetén, majd a fejlesztések után
megoldott online induktív gondolkodás teszt segítségével mértük (Cronbach-α
= 0,88). A kísérleti és a kontrollcsoport előteszten mért teljesítménye
között nem volt szignifikáns különbség [Mkontroll = 46,72%, Mkísérleti =
46,80%, t(106) = 0,017, p = 0,987]. A vizsgált képesség tekintetében mind a
kontroll-, mind a kísérleti csoport átlagos teljesítménye szignifikáns
változást, fejlődést mutatott a fejlesztés időszaka alatt, azaz az érintett
életkor szenzitív a fejlesztés tekintetében. A kísérleti csoport tagjai a
fejlesztés hatására az utóteszten jelentősen magasabban teljesítettek, mint
a kontrollcsoport [Mkontroll = 57,71%, Mkísérleti = 61,16%, t(106) = 1,676,
p = 0,097] diákjai. A program hatásmérete Cohen d = 0,75 (p < 0,01). A
kutatás eredményei alapján megállapítható, hogy megfelelően integrált
tanulásmódszertani elveket alkalmazva, az oktatási robotika motivációs
bázisa segítségével már egy hónap célzott fejlesztéssel is eredményesen
lehet kisiskolás tanulók induktív gondolkodási képességét, a tanulás és
tudásalkalmazás egy kulcsfontosságú képességét fejleszteni.
Fred Rogers’s Ecological Imagination
Authors: Lindey Sara , King Jason
Published: September 2022

Fred Rogers was an international celebrity. He was a pioneer in children’s television, an advocate for families, a multimedia artist and performer, and a spiritual leader and pastor. He wrote, produced, and starred in his children’s television show, Mister Rogers Neighborhood, from 1968 to 2001, in almost 900 episodes tackling topics important to children and families. This Introduction explores Rogers’ spiritual depths, looking to his sermons and lectures that ground and propel his ecological imagination and practical environmentalism.
Coaxial resonant cavity for measuring complex permittivity of liquids
Authors: Wang Yi , Xu Zhixia , Feng Yulin , Fang Shaojun
Published: September 2022

In this letter, a new microwave sensor of the coaxial resonant cavity with a single-open-ended circuit loaded capacitor is proposed and used to detect the liquids’ complex permittivity. The improved cavity has a higher internal electric field and smaller size when compared with the cylindrical cavity, which gives the sensor a high sensitivity in measuring liquids’ complex permittivity. A coaxial resonant cavity operating in 1.9 GHz was designed in this work. The silicone hose used for the test is inserted vertically from the center of the cavity, and the liquids under test (LUTs) are guaranteed to be 2 ml each time. The dielectric properties of LUTs will cause perturbation to the internal electric field of the cavity. By analyzing the measured data, the sensitivity of the cavity is 0.12%, and the relative errors of the real part of the measured value and the reference value are 3.67%. which shows the measured value has a good agreement with the reference value.
Organizational humor as making our work more meaningful: mediation by crafting job resources
Authors: Turnalar-Çetinkaya Neslihan , Keskin İrem N. , Bora Gamze , İkan Reyhan , Gümrükçü Şeyma
Published: September 2022

In the present study, we examined the impact of humor’s positive functions on the perception of a job’s meaningfulness. We argued that liberating and stress-relieving humor act as job resources enhancing job crafting to increase social and structural resources to experience meaningfulness. We hypothesized that crafting the job to increase structural and social resources would mediate the link between organizational humor functions (i.e., liberating and stress-relieving) and meaningfulness. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 200 Turkish employees from different occupations. Our results revealed that increasing structural resources mediated the relationship between liberating humor and meaningfulness, while this mediation was partially for stress-relieving humor. The mediating role of increasing social resources was partial and conditional for both types of organizational humor functions. The practical and theoretical implications have been discussed from a positive organizational scholarship perspective.
The effect of dilution with glucose and prolonged injection time on dexamethasone-induced perineal irritation – A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Yonghai , Liang Hong , Huang Liwei , Zheng Junwei , Chen Yi , Li Bin , Yang Fan , Yu Jingfang , Ma Hanxiang
Published: September 2022

Dexamethasone can be used to prevent nausea and vomiting after surgery, but there is concern that it may induced perineal irritation. The aim of this study was to investigate the attenuation effect of dilution and slow injection on dexamethasone-induced perineal irritation. In this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, a total of 400 patients were enrolled and allocated into four groups: Group I, receiving 2 mL dexamethasone (5 mg/mL), Group II, receiving 5 mL dexamethasone (2 mg/mL), Group III, receiving 10 mL dexamethasone (1 mg/mL), and Group IV receiving 20 mL dexamethasone (0.5 mg/mL). Dexamethasone was diluted with 5% glucose. The injection time of dexamethasone was less than 2 s in Group I, while it was 30 s in Groups II, III, and IV. The incidence, onset, duration, and severity of perineal irritation were recorded. The incidence of dexamethasone-induced perineal irritation was 49, 33, 17, and 15% in Groups I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Group IV had less severity than Group I in mild and moderate perineal irritation (P < 0.008). The onset and duration of perineal irritation of Groups II, III, and IV were significantly improved compared to Group I (P < 0.001). Dexamethasone-induced perineal irritation can be alleviated by dilution of dexamethasone to 0.5 mg/mL with 5% glucose combined with prolonged injection time of 30 s.
Synthesis and structural characterization of a novel lead dinuclear complex: [Pb(L)(I)(sba)0.5]2
Authors: Wang Xiuyan , Li Ziru , Wang Jie , Zhao Lina
Published: September 2022

A new two-dimensional (2D) metal–organic complex, [Pb(L)(I)(sba)0.5]2 (1, L = 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline, H2sba = suberic acid), was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. The single-crystal X-ray analysis indicates that the asymmetric unit of complex 1 has a distorted [:PbIN2O2] octahedral geometry. It is further extended by two π–π stacking interactions and N–H⋯O hydrogen bonding to form and stabilize 2D supramolecular layer.
“Buoyantly, nippily, testily” – Remarks on translating manner adverbs into Romanian
Authors: Protopopescu Daria
Published: September 2022

Adverbs are a very heterogeneous class that raise a lot of problems not only for their syntactic and semantic interpretation but also for their translation. The current analysis draws on previous formal work on manner adverbs as a very heterogeneous class that exhibits different interpretations with respect to their context of occurrence and their position in the clause. Our current discussion of manner adverbs aims at investigating the different strategies employed by the Romanian translator in rendering the variety of manner adverbs occurring in the translation of P.G. Wodehouse’s “Right ho, Jeeves.” Because English is an adverbial language while Romanian appears to be partly adverbial, it will be interesting to see how the Romanian translator fares in the endeavour of translating manner adverbs and if the predictions made in formal studies on manner adverbs are borne out by the data provided by translation.
“It’s Time for a Rent Strike”: COVID-19 Rent Strikes and the Absence of State Care
Authors: Valentine Riley
Published: September 2022

COVID-19 unemployed millions of Americans, many of whom already lacked the financial ability to withstand an economic crisis. Mid-quarantine, politicians began to grapple on what protections for renters would stay in place as the assistance bills came to an end. The COVID-19 rent crisis raised significant moral questions to the American populace – namely, that of the State’s responsibility to care for its citizens. This article examines rent strikes in the context of care ethics. Care ethics contends that our actions have moral weight. What we do matters. Rent strikes sit at the intersection of political practice and care ethics. This article contends that rent strikes provided care when the State did not, and that this lack of care highlights the need for solidarity.
Cocks on Dunghills – Wollstonecraft and Gouges on the Women’s Revolution
Authors: Bergès Sandrine , Coffee Alan
Published: September 2022

While many historians and philosophers have sought to understand the ‘failure’ of the French Revolution to thrive and to avoid senseless violence, very few have referred to the works of two women philosophers who diagnosed the problems as they were happening. This essay looks at how Mary Wollstonecraft and Olympe de Gouges theorised the new tyranny that grew out of the French Revolution, that of ‘petty tyrants’ who found themselves like ‘cocks on a dunghill’ able to wield a new power over those less fortunate than themselves. Both offer diagnoses and prognoses that revolve around education. Wollstonecraft argues that a revolution that is not backed by a previous education of the people is bound to result in chaos and violence. Such education, however, must be slow, and it necessitates the reform of the institutions that most shape the public’s character. A revolution, perforce, is fast, and it often takes several years, or even generations before the spirit of the reforms finds itself implemented into new institutions. Olympe de Gouges shares Wollstonecraft’s worry and she observes that the men who were once dominated quickly become tyrants themselves unless their moral character is already virtuous. But the state of being dominated leaves little room for virtue; hence, newly minted citizens need to be educated in order not to replicate the reign of tyranny onto other. Gouges suggests that the answer to the difficulty she and Wollstonecraft highlighted was to educate the people where they could be found: on the streets, or, where they could easily and willingly be gathered: in theatres. By helping organise revolutionary festivals, highlighting the ways in which citizens could be virtuous, and writing plays to awaken their virtue, and proposing a reform of the theatre, so that the production of such plays would be possible, Gouges offered a plan for the civic education of French citizens in the immediate aftermaths of the Revolution. Unfortunately, the chaos she and Wollstonecraft had sought to remedy, led by the cocks or petty tyrants, ensured that they were unable to see through their plans, with Wollstonecraft having to leave Paris and Gouges being sent to the guillotine.
The association of anxiety and other clinical features with CACNA1C rs1006737 in patients with depression
Authors: Dam Henrik , Buch Jens O. D. , Nielsen Annelaura B. , Weikop Pia , Jørgensen Martin B.
Published: September 2022

Background

The CACNA1C protein is aL-type calcium channel, which influence affective disorders.

Purpose

The purpose of the present study was to examine the possible association between the different genotypes of rs100677 CACNA1C gene and anxiety and other clinical symptoms in patients with unipolar depression.

Patients and controls

A total of 754 patients and 708 controls from the Danish Psychiatric Biobank participated.

Results

A significant correlation was found between anxiety and the A allele. It was further found that patients with the A allele more often were treated with electroconvulsive therapy and patients with the AA phenotype had the highest age.

Limitations

The only information about controls was their sex and that they were recruited from the blood bank. Two types of inclusion criteria were used. The clinical data were not complete for all patients.
Eucommia ulmoides extract alleviated spinal cord injury in rats by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress
Authors: Cheng Hongjuan , Dong Haoyu , Wei Jie , You Guopeng
Published: September 2022

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is the major cause of severe disability worldwide, which leads to neuron death, neuronal degeneration, and functional changes in the spinal cord. Eucommia ulmoides extract (EUE) is composed of multiple iridoids and phenols and possesses anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in various pathologies. This study aims to evaluate the effects of EUE on SCI and the underlying mechanisms. Male adult Sprague-Dawley rats (250–280 g) were applied to mimic SCI in vivo. Western blot and ELISA kits assessed the expressions of apoptosis, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress)-relevant proteins. The apoptosis rate of neurons in spinal cord specimens was measured by TUNEL assay. Finally, our data indicated that EUE inhibited SCI-induced apoptosis, oxidative stress, and ER stress through the suppression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Our data manifest EUE as a potential therapeutic target in SCI.
İspanya'da Mudéjar Mimarisinin Kimliği ve Üslup Özelliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÖZKAN ALTINÖZ Meltem
Published: September 2022

İber Yarımadası, İslam, Hıristiyan ve Yahudi toplumlarının karşılaşma bölgesi olması itibariyle zengin bir kültür sanat geçmişine sahiptir. Kuzey Afrika yolunu kullanarak 711'den itibaren İber Yarımadası’na gelen çeşitli İslami gruplar farklı tarih aralıklarında bu coğrafyada hüküm sürerler. İber Yarımadası’nda 11.yy'dan başlayarak Katolik krallıkların yeniden toprakları almaya dönük saldırıları başlar. Kademeli bir biçimde İslamiyet'in zamanla bu topraklar üzerinde kurduğu politik üstünlük sonlandırılır. Mudéjar/Mudéjar Mimarisi bu süreç zarfında İber Yarımadası'nda, Katolik krallıkların bölgeyi ele geçirmeleriyle ortaya çıkmaya başlar. İspanya'da bir müddet yaşamasına izin verilmiş Müslüman nüfus Mudéjar/Mudéjar olarak tanımlanırken, üretmiş oldukları sanat eserleri de Mudéjar Üslubu/Mudéjar Sanatı olarak anılır. Mudéjar Sanatı’nın kullanıcısı sadece Müslümanlar değildir, zira Hıristiyan, Yahudi nüfusun bu sanatı büyük bir beğeni ile uyguladığı ve uygulattığı günümüze ulaşan maddi kültür varlıkları üzerinden takip edilebilmektedir. İlgili sanat bünyesinde çoğunlukla İslami ve Hıristiyan Sanatı’nın önde gelen formlarını aynı yapı ölçeğinde bir araya getirir. Bu yapıların sayısı o kadar fazla boyutlara ulaşır ki Mudéjar dokunuş başlı başına bazen kentleri belirleyen bir tarihsel olgu haline gelir. Bu bağlamda Mudéjar Sanatı’nın İslami bir kaynaktan doğmakla birlikte bir harç gibi farklı kültürleri bağlayıcı, bir araya getirici özellikleri olduğu ifade edilebilir. Bu çalışma, İber Yarımadası’nda gelişen Mudéjar Mimarisi’nin kaynaklarını ve özelliklerini ortaya koyarak bir dönemin kültürel çeşitliliğinin anlaşılmasını sağlamakta. Son olarak çalışma, Mudéjar Sanatı’nın sanat ve mimarlık tarihinde hangi sanat başlığı altında sınıflandırılması gerektiğini yeni bir yaklaşım olarak açığa kavuşturmayı hedeflemektedir.
Coulteria sousae (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae), a New Species from the Rio Balsas Depression, Mexico
Authors: Sotuyo Solange , Contreras-Jiménez José Luis , Rico-Arce Lourdes
Published: September 2022

Abstract— A new species of the genus Coulteria from the seasonally dry forest of the Rio Balsas Depression, Mexico is described and illustrated. Coulteria sousae is morphologically most similar to Coulteria pringlei but differs from it by
having smaller flowers (1 cm long), long stipitate fruit, leaflets that are glabrous and coriaceous at maturity, and an allopatric distribution. The conservation status of this species is suggested to be Endangered (EN), according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.
Vegetative and Trichome Morphology Distinguish the Monardella ovata Species Complex from the Monardella odoratissima Species Complex: Taxonomic Studies in Monardella (Lamiaceae) VII
Authors: Elvin Mark A. , Kelley Ronald B. , Drew Bryan T.
Published: September 2022

Abstract— Monardella (Lamiaceae) is a taxonomically complex western North American genus ranging from the Pacific coast to the western slopes of the Rocky Mountains and from southern British Columbia in Canada to the Cape region of Baja California Sur in Mexico.
We applied a combination of gross vegetative morphology, trichome morphology and abundance/distribution, and molecular data to clarify taxonomic discontinuities, specifically regarding the monophyly of plants formerly treated within Monardella odoratissima. The data suggest a clear
distinction between the non-monophyletic M. odoratissima species complex and the M. ovata species complex, thus resolving taxonomic ambiguities within and between them. We formally recognize plants from southern Oregon, northern California, and western Nevada previously misapplied
to M. odoratissima as belonging to the M. ovata species complex. We introduce the following taxonomic and nomenclatural revisions: describe M. ovata Greene subsp. lenmaniae as a novel subspecies; present M. ovata subsp. pallida at a new position and
rank; recognize M. modocensis, M. ovata, and M. rubella as accepted taxa; designate lectotypes for M. modocensis and M. rubella; and designate M. californica and M. tortifolia as new synonyms under M. ovata.
An Evolutionary Framework of Acanthaceae Based on Transcriptomes and Genome Skims
Authors: Arias Joshua D. , Manzitto-Tripp Erin , Kiel Carrie A. , McDade Lucinda A. , Fisher Amanda E.
Published: September 2022

Abstract— Acanthaceae is a family of tropical flowering plants with approximately 4900 species. Despite remarkable variation in morphological traits, research on patterns of character evolution has been limited by uncertain relationships among some of the major lineages.
We sampled 16 taxa from these major lineages to estimate a phylogenomic framework using a combination of five newly sequenced shotgun genome skims plus seven new and four publicly available transcriptomes. We used OrthoFinder2 to infer a species tree with strong branch support. Except for
the placement of Crabbea, our results corroborate the most recent chloroplast and nrITS sequence-based topology. Of 587 single copy loci, 10 were recovered for all 16 species; a RAxML tree estimated from these 10 loci resulted in the same topology as other datasets assembled in this
study, with the exception of relationships among three sampled species of Barleria; however, branch support was lower compared to the tree reconstructed using more data. ABBA-BABA tests were conducted to investigate patterns of introgression involving Crabbea; few nucleotides
supported alternative topologies. SplitsTree networks of the 587 loci and 6136 orthogroup trees revealed conflict among the branches leading to Andrographideae, Whitfieldieae, and Neuracanthus. A principal components analysis in treespace found no distinct clusters of trees. Our results
based on combined genome skim and transcriptome sequences strongly corroborate the previously published chloroplast and nr-ITS-based phylogeny of Acanthaceae with increased resolution among Barlerieae, Andrographideae, Whitfieldieae, and Neuracanthus. This advance in our knowledge of
Acanthaceae relationships will allow us to investigate character evolution and other phenomena within this diverse group of plants in studies with increased taxon sampling.
A New Species of Lithocarpus (Fagaceae) from Ca Dam Mountain of Quang Ngai Province, Vietnam
Authors: Van Ngoc Nguyen , Son Hoang Thanh , Binh Hoang Thi , Tagane Shuichiro , Suyama Yoshihisa , Yahara Tetsukazu
Published: September 2022

Abstract— Lithocarpus cadamensis Ngoc & Son, a new species of Fagaceae, is described and illustrated from Mt. Ca Dam, Tra Bong District, Quang Ngai Province, central Vietnam. The new species is characterized by its large leaf blades with long petioles,
solitary and subsessile cupules which almost completely cover the nut, and spiny cupule scales, in a combination that clearly differs from the previously known species of Lithocarpus including the most similar species in the region, L. campylolepis, L. eucalyptifolius,
and L. gougerotae. A MIG-seq phylogeny based on genome-wide SNPs reveals a phylogenetic position close to L. eucalyptifolius, from which the new species is differentiated by multiple morphological characters. A morphological description and comparison with related species, photographs,
line drawing, preliminary conservation status, and DNA barcode sequences are provided for the new species.
Biogeography of Zehneria (Cucurbitaceae) and a New Species from India
Authors: Ranjan Vinay , Kumar Anant , Krishna Gopal , Schaefer Hanno
Published: September 2022

Abstract— Zehneria is one of the most diverse genera in Cucurbitaceae with 75 accepted species mainly in Southeast Asia and tropical Africa. Here, we describe Zehneria neorensis, a new species from Neora Valley in the mountains of West Bengal, India, which
has 7‐10 cm long twisted fruiting pedicels, the longest pedicels reported in the genus so far. Based on morphological data, we also suggest the transfer of Melothria morobensis to the genus Zehneria. With a molecular phylogenetic and global biogeographic analysis based
on 3856 nucleotides of plastid and nuclear ribosomal DNA, we demonstrate that the genus Zehneria most likely originated on the African continent 24 (30‐19) million years ago and spread from there at least five times to Madagascar and three times to Asia. Zehneria neorensis
represents an independent colonization event from Africa to India about 11 (15‐7) million years ago. Three lineages reached New Guinea/Australia and finally moved into Polynesia. We infer a rate of at least 20 long-distance dispersal (LDD) events per 10 million years in the genus. This
high LDD frequency is most likely a result of the small berry fruits and small flattened seeds of Zehneria, which seem perfectly adapted to long-distance bird dispersal. Field observations are needed to investigate a potential effect of the newly discovered extended and coiling pedicels
in Zehneria neorensis on seed dispersal efficiency. The new species adds to a growing list of rather old Cucurbitaceae lineages in the Himalayan foothills, supporting the hypothesis of long climatic stability in the region.
A New Jacquemontia (Convolvulaceae) Species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: Nepomuceno Silmara , Nollet Felipe , Buril Maria Teresa
Published: September 2022

Abstract— A new species from the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil, Jacquemontia atlantica, is described and illustrated. A distribution map, karyological characters, and an identification key for the species of that genus found in the Atlantic Forest
are also provided, and its informal conservation status is assessed according to IUCN criteria. Its relationships with Jacquemontia glaucescens and other morphologically close species are discussed.
A Taxonomic Revision of the Lathberry Clade ofEugenia(Myrtaceae)
Authors: Flickinger Jonathan A. , Santiago-Valentín Eugenio , Sustache-Sustache José A. , Monsegur-Rivera Omar A.
Published: September 2022

Abstract—The Lathberry Clade includes seven species ofEugeniasect.Umbellatae(Myrtaceae) distributed from Puerto Rico through the Lesser Antilles. Members of the Lathberry Clade are trees and shrubs distinguished from other Antillean species by a combination of dull twigs, glabrous leaves with a raised midvein, glomerate or fasciculate inflorescences predominantly borne below the leaves on old wood, closely spaced and ascending inflorescence bracts, spheroidal fruits turning red or purple at maturity with the calyx lobes erect or spreading and often torn away, and a unique, large deletion in the plastidpsbA-trnHintergenic spacer region. We examined the morphology, leaf venation, and seed coat anatomy of the Lathberry Clade and constructed a phylogeny using non-coding nuclear genetic regions. The taxonomic treatment includes a key to the species, distribution maps, and extinction risk assessments. We recognizeEugenia sintenisiifrom Puerto Rico andE. cordatavar.caribaea(nom. nov.) from the Lesser Antilles in place ofE. cordatavar.sintenisiiand synonymizeE. earhartiiwithE. stirpiflora. Six lectotypes are designated.
Two New Species of Phyllanthus (Phyllanthaceae) from Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Mendes Jone Clebson Ribeiro , Braga João Marcelo Alvarenga , Fraga Claudio Nicoletti de , Pereira-Silva Rafaela Alves , Sales Margareth Ferreira de , Athiê-Souza Sarah Maria
Published: September 2022

Abstract— Two new species, Phyllanthus lilliputianus and Phyllanthus sobralii are described for the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil, for the states of Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais, respectively. The presence of deeply emarginate
anthers and four-colporate pollen grains with reticulate and microreticulate exine indicate that both species belong to Phyllanthus sect. Phyllanthus subsect. Claussenianii. Phyllanthus lilliputianus is an erect and small herb, with mucilaginous-hyaline branchlets,
stipules, and petiole, an elliptical leaf blade that is membranaceous and sparsely mucilaginous-hyaline, staminate flowers with 5 sepals rhombic to widely obovate, and pistillate flowers with 5 slightly unguiculate sepals. P. sobralii is characterized by an herbaceous habit, with cylindrical
branchlets that are glabrous, fractiflex and pinnatiform, leaf blades broadly elliptical to oval-elliptical, turquoise with prominent ribs on both surfaces, staminate and pistillate flowers with 5 sepals, with an accentuated central strip. Detailed description, colored plates, line drawing,
notes on distribution, and conservation assessment are provided below.
Ormosia corcovada, a New Papilionoid Legume from the Bajo Cauca Region of Northeastern Colombia
Authors: Herrera-Palma Maribel , Stirton Charles H. , Ruiz-Bohórquez Liz K. , Callejas-Posada Ricardo , Cardoso Domingos B. O. S.
Published: September 2022

Abstract— The new species Ormosia corcovada (Fabaceae, Papilionoideae, Ormosieae) from the lower Cauca River basin in NW Colombia is described and illustrated, and its taxonomic affinities are discussed. Specimens of Ormosia corcovada are usually
confused with Ormosia holerythra. Both species belong to Ormosia section Unicolores but are geographically and morphologically distinct, especially with respect to leaflet shape and number of secondary veins.
Exploring the Species Limits in Balanophora subgenus Balania
Authors: Yu Run-Xian , Zhou Song-Yan , Chen Xiao-Li , Fang Dong-Ming , Yue Xu-Yang , Ma Kai-Nan , Zhou Ren-Chao , Liu Ying
Published: September 2022

Abstract— Balanophora subgen. Balania (Balanophoraceae), whose members differ from those of the other subgenus in having three-merous male flowers, includes B. flava, B. involucrata, B. tobiracola, the B. harlandii assemblage,
and the agamospermic species B. japonica. Species limits of B. flava, B. involucrata, and the B. harlandii as currently circumscribed (B. harlandii assemblage) have long been controversial. Here, species limits in subgen. Balania are explored based
on morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis using nuclear 18S and ITS ribosomal DNA sequences. Subgen. Balania was monophyletic if B. japonica is excluded. Balanophora harlandii assamblage was polyphyletic and three lineages, B. harlandii, B. kawakamii,
and B. henryi, were recovered in the assemblage. Molecular and morphological divergence, distribution, and phenology provided strong support for the recognition of these lineages as distinct species, namely B. harlandii, B. kawakamii, and B. henryi. The findings
also suggested that B. flava should be reduced to synonym under B. involucrata, thus supporting Hansen’s treatment of both dioecious and monoecious populations as members of a single species.
Boşanmadan Ayrılmak: Ayrı Yaşama Olgusuna Sosyal Bir Bakış
Authors: ORBAY İsmail , TOK Mevlüt Görkem
Published: September 2022

Rızaya dayalı ilişkilerin inşa sürecinde sıklıkla rastlanan evlilik, resmi bir anlam taşıyan birliktelik biçimidir. Her ne kadar partnerlerin ortak bir gelecek planlamasına dayansa da bu birlikteliklerin boşanma yoluyla sona ermesi son derece olağan bir süreçtir. Resmi ilişkinin sonlandırıldığı boşanmadan söz ederken boşanmaya olmaksızın ayrı yaşama biçimi de göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Boşanmadan pek çok değişken ile farklılaşan ayrı yaşama sürecinin anlaşılması için çok boyutlu bir inceleme gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada ilişkilerin sonlandırılmasında ayrı yaşama fenomeninin derinliğine ve ayrı yaşamayı tercih eden partnerlerin ve bu birliktelikten varsa çocukların yaşayabileceği psikososyal problemlere literatürden bir ışık tutmak hedeflenmiştir. Ayrıca ayrı yaşanan birliktelikler için olası problemlere karşı uygulanabilecek çeşitli sosyal politikaların temel alması gereken ilkelere değinilmiş ve öneriler getirilmiştir.
MEKÂNIN SUÇA YANSIMASI: KENTSEL MEKÂN VE ÇOCUK SUÇLULUĞU İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: BAĞIŞ Radiye Canan
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışma çocuk suçluluğu olgusunu kentleşme ve kentsel mekân üzerinden değerlendirmektedir. Bu çalışmada kentsel mekân ve çocuk suçluluğu ilişkisinin sosyolojik boyutunun açıklanması amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada kent kavramından hareketle kentleşme ve kentlileşme olguları irdelenmekte, çocuk suçluluğu kavramına değinilmektedir. Ayrıca kentleşme sürecinin çocuk suçluluğuna neden olan yönleri ortaya konulmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, göç, gecekondu ve yoksulluğun çocuk suçluluğu üzerindeki etkisi tartışılmaktadır. Araştırma kuramsal olarak sosyal düzensizlik teorisine dayanmaktadır. Mekânda göçün, farklı kültür ve etnik özellikteki insanların olması, sosyo-ekonomik statünün yetersizliği, kentsel etkileşimin sağlanamaması, sosyal denetimin etkili bir şekilde yapılamaması sosyal düzensizliği yaratmakta bu durum çocuk suçluluğuna neden olmaktadır. Çalışmada mekânın suça yansımasının bir sonucu olarak çocukların suç kültürüne maruz kalmalarının çocukları suça yönlendirdiği, çocuk suçluluğunun mekân üzerinden yeniden üretildiği ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu araştırma kentsel mekânın çocuk suçluluğunu nasıl etkilediğini yansıtması açısından önemli görülmektedir. Çocuk suçluluğu ile mücadele etmek için göçlerin kontrol altına alınması, gecekondu ve çöküntü bölgelerinin iyileştirilmesi, yoksul hanelere gelir ve istihdam desteği sağlanarak çocukların çalışma hayatından, yasadışı işlerle uğraşmaktan çekilmesi ve eğitime yönlendirilmesi, kentsel mekânların ıslah edilerek güvenli mekânlara dönüştürülmesi, suç işleme yoğunluğunun fazla olduğu sıcak noktalarda denetim mekanizmasının artırılması, madde kullanımı ve satışı ile mücadele edilmesi önerilmektedir.