bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychological Empowerment as a Mediator Between Teachers’ Perceptions of Authentic Leadership and Their Withdrawal and Citizenship Behaviors
Authors: Shapira-Lishchinsky Orly , Tsemach Sigalit
Published: January 2014

Purpose: This study explores the mediating role of psychological empowerment on authentic leadership, organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB), and a variety of withdrawal behaviors among teachers, using the psychological model of perceptions-attitudes-behaviors. Research Design: A total of 366 teachers from 23 randomly selected Israeli schools participated in the study. The research combined self-reports and school records taken at regular time intervals regarding three withdrawal behaviors: lateness, absenteeism, and intent to leave. The model for the hierarchical data (teachers within schools) that included latent as well as manifest variables was analyzed using the Mplus statistical package applying to multilevel analysis. Findings: “Impact,” a dimension of psychological empowerment, was found to mediate the relationship between authentic leadership and OCB, whereas “self-determination, meaning, and competence,” the other dimension of psychological empowerment, was found to mediate the relationship between authentic leadership and absence frequency. No mediating relationship was found for psychological empowerment on authentic leadership and the other withdrawal behaviors of lateness and intent to leave. Research Implications: The present study improves the Ajzen and Fishbein model. While most previous withdrawal behavior studies focused on a single dimension of withdrawal behaviors and did not consider OCB, the present study presents an integrative framework, focusing on the mediating role of psychological empowerment as a consistent link between authentic leadership and a spectrum of teachers’ withdrawal behaviors and OCB. Practical Implications: These findings should encourage principals to promote high standards of authentic leadership to empower their teachers, increase OCB, and reduce absenteeism among teachers.
Empirical Differences in Omission Tendency and Reading Ability in PISA
Authors: Okumura Taichi
Published: January 2014

This study examined the empirical differences between the tendency to omit items and reading ability by applying tree-based item response (IRTree) models to the Japanese data of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) held in 2009. For this purpose, existing IRTree models were expanded to contain predictors and to handle multilevel data. The results revealed that Japanese students were more likely to omit open-ended items than closed-ended items, despite the fact that average item difficulty of the open-ended items was lower than that of the closed-ended items. Variances of the omission tendency were larger than those of reading ability, especially for open-ended items. Female students tended to omit more closed-ended items but fewer open-ended items than males, but the female students showed higher reading ability on average. Use of control strategies was negatively correlated with the difficulty of reading items and with the tendency to omit open-ended items. After controlling for other student properties, use of memorization strategies was negatively correlated with reading ability, which was opposite to the simple correlation. The results clearly show that the omission tendency can be differentiated from reading ability. School-level means of socioeconomic status and teacher stimulation explained more variance of both the omission tendency and reading ability than student-level properties. This implies that school-level interventions will be more effective than student-level instructions.
Residential and job mobility: Interregional variation and their interplay in US metropolitan areas
Authors: Kim Jae Hong
Published: January 2014

While studies on residential and job mobility are typically conducted on a micro scale, an examination of region-wide mobility dynamics can also be meaningful, as it can reflect the importance of system-wide factors and complex interlinkages among numerous micro-level decisions. This study explores how region-wide residential and job mobility rates vary in the US and identifies factors that shape their variation with emphasis on the interplay between the two mobility variables for the periods before (2005–2007) and during (2008–2010) the recent recession. An analysis of the data for 342 US metropolitan areas shows that job mobility had a sizable positive impact on residential mobility during both time spans, while the reverse connection was found to be relatively weaker and context-sensitive. The analysis also detects the critical roles of housing market conditions and regional economic structures, suggesting that mobility decisions are largely shaped by various macro-level factors.
Between activism and the academy: The urban as political terrain
Authors: Oldfield Sophie
Published: January 2014

A growing consensus suggests that urban scholarship can benefit from engaging with knowledge in multiple sites in and beyond the academy, for instance with activism central to politics in cities worldwide. This paper explores narratives of urban politics produced with activists to reflect on how we account for knowledge and practice in theorising the urban as political terrain. Research conducted with activists in a community-based ‘Civic’ organisation in Cape Town, South Africa highlights the everyday toil that shapes resistance and its politics, the frictions and engagements behind protest headlines. In opening up theorisations of activism and revolution to the knowledge practices of movements, the paper argues we may more cogently take account of the strategic and intimate politics that characterise contemporary activism, and reshape notions of ‘revolution’, urban politics and research practice in contemporary cities, a project broadly relevant in the Global South and North.
Transition to low carbon? An analysis of socio-technical change in housing renovation
Authors: Horne Ralph , Dalton Tony
Published: January 2014

Across the westernised world, concerns about climate change and resource scarcity point to the need for widescale changes in housing renovation. Through the exploration of social interactions of eco-renovation businesses on the ground, the paper presents evidence for the emergence of an ‘eco-renovation niche’ consisting of both traditional and new types of housing industry businesses. However, this niche is not clearly bounded, stable or homogenous, and so generalised ideas about how it may grow in scale or size are problematic. Niche participants typically wish to stay small. Also, complex household relations are involved, and hands-on experimentation is a feature of the industry participants. For policy purposes, this suggests a need to focus on strategic intermediaries in industry and professional associations, licensing bodies and regulators, who could in turn support programmes that more adequately recognise the modus operandi of the industry, households and civil society organisations.
How Emotional Labor and Ethical Leadership Affect Job Engagement for Chinese Public Servants
Authors: Lu Xiaojun , Guy Mary E.
Published: January 2014

Responsiveness is important in public-service delivery. This study explores three elements that contribute to responsiveness—emotional labor, job engagement, and ethical leadership. Three findings emerge: First, in terms of workers and their expression of work-related emotion, authentic emotive expression relates positively with job engagement while pretending to feel the emotion being displayed has a negative relationship. Second, ethical leadership moderates the relationship between pretending and job engagement, in that higher levels of ethical leadership lessen the negative influence of pretense in emotive expression. This means that when employees must mask how they feel, ethical leadership compensates for the deleterious effect of expressing an emotion other than what one is feeling. This, in turn, helps to prevent decreased job engagement. Third, ethical leadership does not affect the relationship between authentic emotive expression and job engagement. The sample surveyed are government employees in China.
Parental control is not unconditionally detrimental for externalizing behaviors in early childhood
Authors: Akcinar Berna , Baydar Nazli
Published: January 2014

The association of three different strategies of maternal control (behavioral, psychological, and physical), and maternal warmth with children’s externalizing behaviors were analyzed in an observational study of 3-year-old children in Turkey ( N = 123). The results indicated that (i) mothers exercised all three types of control simultaneously; (ii) behavioral control had a curvilinear association with child externalizing behaviors, suggesting the existence of an optimum level of behavioral control; and (iii) the negative effects of behavioral and psychological control could be moderated by parental warmth. These findings highlighted the importance of studying samples from diverse cultural contexts in order to validate and enrich theoretical models of behavioral development.
Defeating the pores of Kohn
Authors: Ng Calvin SH , Lau Rainbow WH , Lau Kelvin KW , Underwood Malcolm J , Yim Anthony PC
Published: January 2014

In the treatment of emphysema with an endobronchial valve, entire lobar treatment is important in achieving adequate atelectasis. This case illustrates that without treatment of the entire lobe, it can fail to collapse even after several years, leading to treatment failure. Intralobar collateral ventilation through the pores of Kohn is demonstrated in this case, as endobronchial valve blockage of the remaining patent anterior segment resulted in the desired atelectasis and significant improvements in pulmonary function.
Swelling, strength, and biocompatibility of acrylate-based superporous hydrogel hybrids
Authors: Omidian Hossein , Mastropietro David , Kandalam Umadevi
Published: January 2014

A hydrogel hybrid of chemically cross-linked hydroxyethyl acrylate interpenetrated with physically cross-linked carboxymethylcellulose was prepared as a superporous structure with swelling rates ranging from a few seconds to minutes depending on the swelling medium. A new method was adopted to evaluate the swelling capacity and rate in superporous hydrogel hybrid using a modified texture analyzer. Based on the extensive data acquisition, swelling data at any time point were obtainable and fit into a Voigt viscoelastic model. Moreover, the two mechanisms by which a superporous hydrogel hybrid swells in an aqueous medium were differentiated and used to estimate the onset of the diffusion-controlled swelling, which was found to be dependent on the actual composition of the swelling medium. A correlation was found between the mechanical strength of the fully swollen hydrogels and their respective swelling force in different swelling media. The concentration of alcohol in the medium was a critical factor in the swelling characteristics and strength of these hydrogels. Two HeLa and mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord cell lines were used to evaluate biocompatibility of the prepared hydrogels.
Chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite composite electret membranes enhance cell proliferation and osteoblastic expression in vitro
Authors: Qu Yili , Ao Danting , Wang Ping , Wang Yanying , Kong Xiangli , Man Yi
Published: January 2014

Chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite membranes with negative charges were fabricated by grid-controlled constant voltage corona charging, and the charged membranes were investigated for cell biocompatibility and osteoinduction. The osteoblasts on the chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite composite electret membranes significantly enhanced the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation capacity compared to the uncharged group. This study not only provides evidence for the potential clinical application of our novel membranes but also could be used as a strategy for chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds.
Modeling and optimization in tribological parameters of polyether ether ketone matrix composites using D-optimal design
Authors: Rajmohan T , Palanikumar K , Davim JP , Premnath A Arun
Published: January 2014

Fiber-reinforced polymer composites are nowadays used in numerous applications due to their good tribological, mechanical, and thermal properties. In the present investigation, the tribological behavior of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and PEEK reinforced with glass fiber (GF) has been investigated using the pin-on-disk wear tester under dry sliding condition at different applied loads, speeds, and sliding distance. Modeling and optimization of tribological parameters is carried out using response surface methodology (RSM)-based D-optimal design. Tribological parameters such as load, sliding speed, and sliding distance are chosen as numerical factor, and the weight percentage of GF content is considered as the categorical factor. An experimental plan of four-factor (three numerical + one categorical) D-optimal design based on the RSM is employed to carry out the experimental study. The wear performances of PEEK matrix composites are evaluated using the performance indicators such as specific wear rate and coefficient of friction. The morphologies of the worn surfaces are observed using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.
The attention deficit hyperactivity disorder phenotype as a summation of deficits in executive functioning and reward sensitivity: does this explain its relationship with oppositional defiant disorder?
Authors: Poulton Alison , Nanan Ralph
Published: January 2014

Objective:

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) commonly coexist but the relationship between them has not been well explained. We present a view of the ADHD phenotype as a summation of deficits in executive functioning and reward sensitivity and apply this to explain its co-occurrence with ODD.

Model:

ADHD relates to difficulty in sustaining concentration for completing tasks. This is associated with lack of reward due to lack of achievement. The unfavorable balance of effort to reward in ADHD is exacerbated in ODD, a condition in which lack of reward is responsible for an adverse effect on mood resulting in a negative attitude and oppositional behavior. We have called this model the “Mental effort-reward imbalances model”.

Conclusion:

This model predicts that oppositional symptoms would be highly prevalent in ADHD, to the extent that ODD would be a frequent co-morbidity.
Stem Cell-Bearing Suture Improves Achilles Tendon Healing in a Rat Model
Authors: Adams Samuel B. , Thorpe Margaret A. , Parks Brent G. , Aghazarian Gary , Allen Elizabeth , Schon Lew C.
Published: January 2014

Background:

Tendon healing is a slow and complicated process that results in inferior structural and functional properties when compared to healthy tendon tissue. It may be possible to improve outcomes of tendon healing with enhancement of biological aspects of the repair including tissue structure, organization, and composition. The purpose of this study was to determine whether use of a stem cell-bearing suture improves Achilles tendon healing in a rat model.

Methods:

The Achilles tendon was transected in 108 bilateral hind limbs from 54 rats. Each limb was randomized to repair with suture only (SO), suture plus injection (SI) of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) at the repair site, or suture loaded with MSCs (suture with stem cells, SCS). One half of the animals were randomly sacrificed at 14 and 28 days after surgery and the Achilles tendon was harvested. From each repair group at each time point, 12 limbs were randomized to biomechanical testing and 6 to histologic analysis. Tendons were loaded using a 223-N load cell at 0.17 mm/s. A blinded pathologist scored the histology sections.

Results:

Ultimate failure strength (N/mm2) was significantly higher in the SI and SCS groups versus the SO group. In the SI group, ultimate failure strength decreased significantly at 28 days versus 14 days. Histology score in the SCS group was significantly lower (better) than in both other groups ( P ≤ .001). Histology findings at day 28 were significantly higher versus day 14 for all groups ( P = .01).

Conclusions:

Both the SI and the SCS groups had significantly higher ultimate failure strength versus the SO group, and strength was maintained at 28 days in the SCS group but not in the SI group. Histology in the SCS group was significantly better than in both other groups.

Clinical Relevance:

These findings in a rat model suggest that the use of stem cells enhances healing after Achilles repair and that embedding of stem cells directly into suture offers sustained early benefit to tendon healing.
Disease course heterogeneity and OCT in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Balk LJ , Tewarie P , Killestein J , Polman CH , Uitdehaag BMJ , Petzold A
Published: January 2014

Background:

The heterogeneity of the disease course in multiple sclerosis (MS) remains a challenge for patient management and clinical trials.

Objective:

The objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between disease course heterogeneity and retinal layer thicknesses in MS.

Methods:

A total of 230 MS patients and 63 healthy control subjects were included. Spectral-domain OCT scanning of the peripapillary and macular regions was performed, followed by automated eight-layer segmentation. Generalised estimation equations were used for comparisons. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated for distinguishing a benign from a typical disease course.

Results:

Primary progressive patients showed relative preservation of inner retinal layers, compared to the relapsing onset MS types. Only in MS eyes without optic neuritis did patients with typical MS show more severe thinning of the inner retinal layers (RNFL to INL) compared to patients with a benign disease course, even after an average disease course of 20 years.

Conclusion:

The thicknesses, particularly of the innermost retinal layers (RNFL, GCC), were significantly related to the heterogeneous disease course in MS. The relative preservation of these layers in primary progressive and benign MS suggests rather limited susceptibility of the retina to neurodegeneration, which may be relevant for future neurodegenerative treatment trials employing OCT as a secondary outcome measure in primary progressive MS.
A statutory duty of candour: The pros and cons of imposing the duty on individuals
Authors: Kemp Sophie
Published: January 2014

In the wake of the Mid Staffordshire Public Inquiry, this paper considers the arguments for and against the imposition of a statutory duty of candour on individuals, examining the validity of claims that such a duty would result in greater secrecy among healthcare professionals and lead to defensive practice. Examination of arguments for imposing an individual duty, highlights the pre-existing moral obligation on healthcare professionals to inform patients who have suffered harm, has not yet been sufficiently embedded throughout the NHS by professional codes of conduct, and the need to establish systematic formalised error reporting in order to continue to minimise clinical error.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Australia: Perspectives from the sociology of deviance
Authors: Prosser Brenton
Published: January 2014

Over the last twenty years, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has become one of the most diagnosed childhood disorders in the western world. Research within the disciplines of psychiatry and criminology has increasingly identified a link between ADHD, delinquency and crime. So far, consideration of ADHD from sociological perspectives has been limited, while it has been virtually ignored as a diagnosis with social impact and a popular phenomenon within Australia. In response, this article draws on conceptual resources from the sociology of deviance to illustrate the value of sociological perspectives and to explore questions about the impact of ADHD that psycho-medical perspectives cannot. In doing so, the article adds to existing understandings of the social aspects of this prominent disorder and aims to encourage the development of new conceptualisations that lie beyond the existing deficit label.
Knowledges in competition: Knowledge discourse at the World Bank during the Knowledge for Development era
Authors: Enns Charis
Published: January 2014

In 1996, World Bank President James D Wolfensohn announced the World Bank’s plan to evolve from a traditional financial institution into the world’s ‘Knowledge Bank’. This rhetorical shift within World Bank discourse marked the institution’s intention to rebrand itself as the world’s purveyor of knowledge about development. However, despite this seemingly progressive discourse, the Knowledge for Development era did not symbolize a real shift in World Bank policy or practice. Throughout the Knowledge for Development era, the World Bank held on to a narrow conceptualization of knowledge as capital to be leveraged for economic growth. As the World Bank’s knowledge activities continue to expand during the 21st century, the Knowledge for Development era serves as an opportune epoch to explore the World Bank’s expanding knowledge agenda. The article contends that it is possible to better understand the World Bank’s current knowledge agenda by showing how and why a particular type of knowledge became institutionalized within the World Bank during the 1990s. Using paradigm maintenance as a theoretical framework, the article illustrates how indigenous knowledge was widely acknowledged in World Bank research during the 1990s, yet ignored in World Bank policy and practice. More specifically, while a significant amount of World Bank research highlighted the importance of indigenous knowledge in education during this time period; such knowledge was never incorporated into the World Bank’s education strategy. Ultimately, this case study illustrates how the World Bank uses paradigm maintenance in order to maintain command and control over the ‘right’ type of knowledge for development.
Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome With Involvement of External Carotid Artery Branches
Authors: Shaik S. , Chhetri S. K. , Roberts G. , Wuppalapati S. , Emsley H. C. A.
Published: January 2014

A 44-year-old woman presented with recurrent episodes of thunderclap headache. Neurological examination and computed tomography brain imaging were unremarkable. Cerebrospinal fluid findings were consistent with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Computed tomography angiography of the circle of Willis showed multiple areas of segmental vasoconstriction. This finding was confirmed on cerebral catheter angiography, with segmental vasoconstriction involving bilateral internal carotid, posterior cerebral, and external carotid branches. No aneurysm or other vascular abnormality was identified. She received treatment with nimodipine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, started 4 weeks earlier, was discontinued. Follow-up angiography after 3 months demonstrated complete resolution of the segmental vasoconstriction, confirming the diagnosis of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS). She remained headache free at follow-up. To our knowledge, external carotid artery branch involvement in RCVS has been described only in one previous occasion.
Welded seam 3D calculation and seam location for welding robot system
Authors: Xu P. Q. , Tang X. H. , Lu F. Q. , Yao S.
Published: January 2014

Using laser scanning techniques, scanning lens rotating around a laser diode and a circular laser trajectory was projected onto the surface of a weldment to detect it. Furthermore, one novel vision sensor based on the circular laser is developed. The three-dimensional (3D), circular laser based seam location sensor is investigated. On the basis of the light path system, 3D calculation algorithm is brought forward and used to locate the welded joint. After image denoise, filter, segmentation and thinning, characteristic points of the welded joint could be detected real time using a proposed vision sensor and confirmed by real experiments of butt welded joints with I groove and V groove, and lap, and fillet and ramp welded joints. The results show that circular laser based vision sensor can be used in seam locating and its calculation precision meets the requirement of seam tracking.
From Süleyman Pasha to Mehmet Fuat Köprülü: Roman and Byzantine history in late Ottoman historiography
Authors: Ursinus Michael
Published: January 2014

The following is a continuation of the task set out in my Note in BMGS 10 (1986) 211-22. Working towards a Bibliography, I have tried to bring together, in a corpus, Ottoman Turkish works of some importance dealing with Roman and Byzantine history (including historical topography) which appeared as books, or part of books, between c. 1870 and 1920. A particular aim has been to illustrate the development of this corpus in relationship with ‘westernising’ trends in the historiography of the Ottoman empire over the same period.
The Greeks’ sense of language and the 1976 linguistic reforms: illusions and disappointments
Authors: Landsman D.M.
Published: January 2014

Even the most desired reforms often become soured by doubt and hostile reaction. Since D(imotiki) replaced K(atharevousa) as the ‘official’ language of Greece after the fall of the Colonels’ dictatorship, public unease at the ‘state of the language’ has been marked.
A Turco-Greek inscription at Ürgüp in Cappadocia
Authors: Mackridge Peter
Published: January 2014

Ürgüp is today an important tourist centre, since most visitors to the Byzantine churches and monasteries of Cappadocia use the town as a base for their excursions. Before the First World War the majority of its population were Orthodox Christians, many of whom enjoyed a high degree of prosperity. A large proportion of these were Turcophones, and the number of them who read karamanlidika (Turkish written in Greek characters) was substantial, to judge by the list of 232 citizens of the town who subscribed to a book printed in karamanlidika at Athens in 1876. There are a number of gravestones with inscriptions in karamanlidika at the municipal museum of Ürgüp.
Orality in Cretan Narrative Poetry
Authors: Holton David
Published: January 2014

The island of Crete, during the period of Venetian rule, developed a poetic tradition unparalleled anywhere else in the Greek-speaking world. In this paper we shall be concerned only with poetry in the vernacular, whether in a systematically cultivated form of the local dialect, or in a more universal kind of Greek which at times also admitted learned or ecclesiastical words or grammatical forms; verse written wholly in archaic Greek which would have been unintelligible to the uneducated is outside the scope of this paper. Necessarily we are dealing with written texts, both manuscript and printed. The evidence for such a tradition begins in or around the 1370s with the poems of Stefanos Sachlikis (the manuscripts are of later date): satire, verse autobiography and didactic poetry are the principal genres. The tradition continues until the capture of the island by the Turks, completed in 1669. The corpus of Cretan poetic texts is not large but it embraces a variety of genres, including religious, consolatory, erotic and narrative verse, and it includes a number of works of high poetic merit. From the 1580s drama is added to the genres cultivated and the period from then until 1669 marks the ‘zenith of Renaissance literature in Greece’ (L. Politis 1973:52).
The dates of Procopius’ works
Authors: Greatrex Geoffrey
Published: January 2014

The writings of Procopius have long been a subject of controversy. First there were disputes over the authorship of the Anecdota, which finally was assigned to Procopius. Then arose the question of when his various works were written, sparking a debate which still attracts scholarly attention; this paper aims to contribute to this debate, while extending the scope of the discussion to cover all Procopius’ later works. It may be noted further that the discussions over the dating of Procopius’ works takes place against the background of continuing reassessments of the latter half of Justinian’s reign: it has been argued that a fusion of classical and Christian culture took place in the sixth century, but the processes of this transition remain unclear. A key element in this discussion is the production of literary works, which appears to have tailed off markedly towards the end of the reign of Justinian; hence whether Procopius’ works should be placed in the early or the late 550s is of import to this wider field of discussion.
Tradition and the individual talent: remarks on the poetry of Michalis Ganas
Authors: Ricks David
Published: January 2014

No poet, no artist of any art, has his complete meaning alone. His significance, his appreciation is the appreciation of his relation to the dead poets and artists. You cannot value him alone; you must set him, for contrast and comparison, among the dead. (T.S. Eliot)

Michalis Ganas is both a highly individual talent and, as I hope to show here with respect to an inevitably small selection of key poems, a highly traditional one. He is, moreover, peculiarly self-conscious about the implications of such a view as Eliot’s for the responsibilities of the poet. The consciousness of tradition in Ganas’ work may be seen as taking three forms.
Kremasmata, Kabadion, Klibanion: Some aspects of middle Byzantine military equipment reconsidered
Authors: Dawson Tim
Published: January 2014

The material aspect of the Byzantine army is a field which has always been the poor relation of scholarship on its organisation and logistics, and publications of the last decade have unfortunately confused the issue as much as elucidated it. Byzantium had a rich tradition of military literature, in unbroken continuity with the already sophisticated practice of the western empire of Rome. Manuals from late Antiquity to the tenth century provide considerable detail of the equipment a Byzantine soldier should ideally have, and in doing so show in the armed forces of the empire a pragmatic willingness to absorb useful equipment, as much as effective tactics, from its neighbours and enemies. The quality of its equipment must also have been a factor in the remarkable success of the army and navy in preserving the empire as much as they did against so many foes for a thousand years. In view of this, the relationship between the ideals of the manuals and the reality is an important issue, one which demands a laborious search for evidence beyond literary sources. Economic conditions impinged on more than the amount of manpower to be mobilised. They also influenced the quantity and even the very type of equipment that could be supplied to the troops. We shall look here at three items of armour which were essential elements of middle period panoply, the kremasmata, the kabadion and the klibanion with the aim of establishing their nature more precisely.
Solomos after Alexiou: a critical study
Authors: Mackridge Peter
Published: January 2014

I am writing this at the very end of 1998, the bicentenary of Solomos’s birth. Stylianos Alexiou’s controversial selective edition of Solomos’s works, published in 1994, provided a new boost to Solomos studies, and in this survey I propose to discuss work published on Solomos since that date. Dimitris Angelatos conveniently published a survey of Solomos studies from 1964 to 1991. Angelatos’ survey is descriptive rather than critical, and — for non-specialists at least — is insufficiently explicit about such matters as the dispute between Yorgos Veloudis and Louis Coutelle; but at least it lists studies published over a period of a quarter of a century, with some indication of their content.
The Chora and the Great Church: Intervisuality in Fourteenth-Century Constantinople
Authors: Nelson Robert S.
Published: January 2014

In Gregoras’ history, the most important building project during the second decade of the fourteenth century is not Theodore Metochites’ redecoration of the Chora monastery, but Andronikos II’s restoration of II. Sophia and the nearby column of Justinian. Two mosaics at the Chora, the Deesis in the inner narthex and the adjacent lunette of Metochites and Christ, make visual reference to the Great Church. The nature of such relationships is explored through reference to Mikhail Bakhtin and his analysis of dialogic language.
The King of Asine, Makriyannis, Seferis and ourselves
Authors: Krikos-Davis Katerina
Published: January 2014

‘The King of Asine’, one of George Seferis’s best-known poems, is the subject of the present article, which falls into two parts. The first part follows the standard interpretation, but with an emphasis on aspects that have not (at least sufficiently) been commented on hitherto. The second part pursues a new approach and concludes by proposing another, parallel, reading whereby ‘The King of Asine’ is also seen as exploring the poetic experience.
Calendars and coronations: the literary and numismatic evidence for the accession of Khusrau II
Authors: Tyler-Smith Susam
Published: January 2014

It is most unusual for a detailed literary account of political events to have survived which enables modern scholars to study the course of Sasanian history almost day by day. Interpretation of the History of Theophylact Simocatta has led to the mis-dating of Khusrau II’s accession to the throne to 15 February 590. The existence of extensive issues of silver drachms struck by Hormizd IV, Khusrau II and Varhrān VI during the period 590–1 and of Khusrau II in 627–8, alongside a re-examination of the sources, enables the date to be corrected to soon after 27 June (New Year) 590.
Byzantium in Dark-Age Greece (the numismatic evidence in its Balkan context)
Authors: Curta Florin
Published: January 2014

Much has been made of the presence or absence of seventh- and eighth-century coins on several sites in Greece, primarily in Athens and Corinth. Kenneth Setton and Peter Charanis have paved the way for a cultural-historical interpretation of coin finds, but a thorough comparison of both single and hoard finds from Greece with others from the Balkans suggests a very different interpretation. Instead of signalising decline, low-denomination coins, especially from Athens, may point to local markets of low-value commodities, such as food, as well as to the permanent presence of the fleet.
Unravelling the Alexiad: Who was ‘Devgenevich’ of the Russian Primary Chronicle and ‘Pseudo-Diogenes’ of the Greek sources?
Authors: De Frankopan Peter Doimi
Published: January 2014

An individual claiming to be related to the Emperor Romanos IV Diogenes (1068–71) took part in a major Cuman invasion of Byzantium on the eve of the First Crusade. This article assesses the date of the assault, which is recorded by the Russian Primary Chronicle, by John Zonaras, and by Anna Komnene in the Alexiad. The identity of the man referred to as the False Diogenes by the Byzantine sources is considered, and it is argued that, rather than being an impostor, the individual in question may well indeed have been the son of Romanos IV Diogenes. Modern scholars have tended to ignore this possibility, instead following Anna Komnene’s meticulous character assassination of the man who accompanied the nomad attack. This paper therefore also seeks to address the question of the identity of ‘Pseudo-Diogenes’, to examine Anna Komnene’s methods of savaging a natural rival to her father for the imperial throne, and to assess her motives for doing so.
Mens Dress 1890-1914
Authors: Whife A.A.
Published: January 2014

Curiously enough, men's dress during this period had very little noteworthy about it. There was nothing spectacular in the way of styles and there seemed to be some want of inventiveness and orginality in design. We at the "Tailor and Cutter" are often asked by museums and art galleries if we can supply garments typical of the day-to-day dress of the male. Regretfully, we have to admit our inability to oblige. It is probable that the "ordinariness" of 1890–1914 male dress is the reason for the paucity of good examples.
Men and Angels; Fashion 1830-1860
Authors: Squire Geoffrey
Published: January 2014

Fashion, it seems to me always exists on two levels – the level of actuality and the level of the imagination. When a fashion is current its actuality is illuminated and given an extra brilliance, a quite impossible lustre, by an imagination perfectly tuned. For a brief moment actuality has a unique appearance which never can be reconstructed. Once that magic moment has passed that moment when the worlds of appearance and of mental fantasy were in complete accord – the vision fades and the reality is seen exactly as it is, with all its shortcomings and with no allowance made.
Hats, Bonnets and Hairstyles 1830-60
Authors: Bullard Daphne
Published: January 2014

The year 1830 saw the demise of the hat for day wear and for the rest of our period the bonnet, in its many shapes and styles was "de rigeur" for all outdoor occasions. The hat in its most magnificent form lingered on for evening. The accent was on height so that trimmings tended to be upstanding, plumes of feathers and large loops of ribbon decorated the wide brims of the hats which were swept back or to one side with dramatic effect and matched the light silks or satins of the gowns, for the headdress or 'coiffeur' was considered as part of the whole ensemble.
Embroidering by Machine
Authors: Edwards Joan
Published: January 2014

No study in depth of the Early Victorian period is complete unless it includes some brief account of the various machines and mechanical devices that were invented and improved throughout the nineteenth century by means of which the stitches of embroidery were reproduced with such a fine degree of accuracy that the traditional method which had been practised almost universally from remote antiquity of decorating costume by means of hand embroidery, was disrupted forever.
The Costume of Jane Austen and Her Characters
Authors: Buck Anne
Published: January 2014

Jane Austen's letters were published in a collected edition in 1932, edited by Dr. R.W. Chapman. Some of them and many parts of them had been known for years from the Memoir by J. Austen-Leigh (1870); from Lord Brabourne's publication of letters in his possession, Letters of Jane Austen (1884); and from The Life and Letters of Jane Austen by W. and R.A. Austen-Leigh (1913); but this edition gave, for the first time, the full text of all known letters.
New and Recent Books
Authors: Snowden James , Tarrant Naomi E. A.
Published: January 2014

These books are not available from the Costume Society but must be obtained from bookshops or the institutions concerned.
Être reliés dans la mort: deux exemples du rituel funéraire de l'Âge du Fer de Padoue et d'Este
Authors: Gabacurta Giovanna , Serafini Angela Ruta
Published: January 2014

L'étude comparative de deux tombes crématoires de la Vénétie (à Padoue et à Este), chacune datant de la fin du sixième siècle av. J-C, nous permet de mieux comprendre les étapes du rituel mortuaire. La complexité des découvertes archéologiques ne peut s'expliquer qu'au moyen d'une définition tout aussi complexe du système mortuaire, en tenant compte d'éléments tels que: le nombre d'individus à l'intérieur d'une tombe, les modifications apportées à un cercueil ou à une urne cinéraire, le mélange des objets présents dans la tombe et des os incinérés de plusieurs individus à l'intérieur de la même urne etc. Afin de constituer un organigramme, on a pris en compte à la fois les analyses micro-stratigrafiques, la soigneuse restauration des objets découverts, l'analyse de vestiges humains ainsi que des reconstructions expérimentales. Ce travail vise à acquérir une meilleure compréhension des codes/pratiques funéraires dans les sociétés complexes de l'Italie pendant l'Âge du Fer.
Cosmological endurance: pagan identities in early Christian Europe
Authors: Hedeager Lotte
Published: January 2014

In this article, I attempt to show how the Germanic peoples of the Migration Period in Early Chiristian Europe (c. AD 400–500) created – or preserved – a pagan Scandinavian myth of their origin as a, significant part of their identity and perception. The function of the myths as political and ideological legitimations is related to the iconography of the material culture, notably the early animal ornamentation (Salins' Style I). Integration of the written evidence and the archaeological sources makes it possible to demonstrate how origins, myths and iconography together express a formative core of pagan identity in Early Christian Europe.
On Christianization and Grave-Finds
Authors: Schülke Almut
Published: January 2014

There are hardly any written sources on Christianization in southwestern Germany during early Medieval times. From its beginning in the nineteenth century, archaeological research was concerned with the question of whether the interpretation of material culture is helpful in the study of Christianization. This article first deals with the history of research. It focuses on the question of how the main archaeological sources of Merovingian times – the Reihengräberfelder – were interpreted in terms of Christianization. Obviously several aspects were and still are the main focus of research: special objects with Christian symbols (brooches, belt buckles or the so-called Goldblattkreuze) are often vaguely interpreted as symbols of early Christianity or in some cases as a sign for the buried person being Christian. This results in the process of Christianization being dated to the seventh century. These explanations are influenced by a direct social-historical interpretation of the Reihengräberfelder. They are strongly influenced by the results of historical research. A basic discussion about the character and the significance of objects from graves in the context of debates about Christianization has not yet taken place. Thus, in the second part of the article, questions derived from contextual archaeology are raised which may enrich the discussion about the interpretation of Christianization on the basis of graves: what importance may objects with Christian symbols have, if considered in the context of their ritual deposition and their associated finds? Do the Medieval graves provide information about the world of the living at all? Or how is ideology manifested within them? Is it at all, therefore, possible to describe them as testimonies of a process of Christianization? The use of carefully chosen sociological, ethnographical or historical analogies is crucial for the future development of the discussion. Furthermore, it is important to view the topic from the perspective of two analogies: analogies of the archaeological context as well as of processes of Christianization.
Tågerup–fifteen hundred years of Mesolithic occupation in western Scania, Sweden: A preliminary view
Authors: Karsten Per , Knarrström Bo
Published: January 2014

The slopes of the Tågerup promontory in western Scania contain one of the largest known Mesolithic settlements that has ever been excavated in Scandinavia. The Tågerup site displays a unique combination of huts and houses, graves and wooden implements, flints and bones which constitute a 1500-year-long Mesolithic occupation sequence, dated 6500–5000 cal BC. During that time, there were gradual but far-reaching changes in settlement structure and organization, the use of the landscape, flint technology and food procurement strategies.
More Circe than Cassandra: The Princess of Vix in ritualized social context
Authors: Knüsel Christopher J.
Published: January 2014

Ritual and ritual specialists have often been dissociated from power in the writings of prehistorians and archaeologists. From ethnographic and ethnohistoric accounts, however, ritual specialists often exert disproportionate control over the maintenance, manipulation, and elaboration of social codes and practices. Their roles in ritual practice (orthopraxy in non-literate societies) and its effect on decision-making accord them considerable social and political importance. Due to this involvement they become the targets of ritual sanctions that include punitive rites, ritualized deaths, and suppression during periods of rapid social change, both from within their own societies and from without. The present article derives from a re-analysis of the Vix (Côte-d'Or, Burgundy) human skeletal remains, specifically with reference to the age, sex and health status of the interred individual. An evaluation of the social roles of this so-called ‘Princess’ is then attempted, integrating this biological information with that derived from a consideration of the grave inclusions and their imagery in the context of competitive feasting and social change in the late Hallstatt period.
Densities of Liquid Metals and Alloys
Authors: Crawley A. F.
Published: January 2014

Compared with other fundamental physical properties of liquid metals, such as surface tension and viscosity, density is more amenable to accurate measurement. Accurate data are highly desirable because density is a variable in the evaluation of these other properties. Density measurements also provide useful. information on the properties of liquid metals, e.g. volume changes. at the melting point and those associated with alloying. However, attempts to establish correlations with the thermodynamic properties of liquid metals or to gain insight into the nature of the liquid state have at best been successful in a very general way. These aspects of density measurement and the influence of possible atomic interactions and atomic packing in the liquid state are considered as part of this review
Co-operative Society Libraries
Authors: Everitt Jean
Published: January 2014

The earliest Co-operative societies were founded on Owenite principles for the working classes. But the first successful society was not established until 1844, in Rochdale. The movement was particularly prevalent in Lancashire and Yorkshire, though it was far from a northern phenomenon. Education was always a major concern, and that meant the provision of both lectures and libraries. Before the 1880s there were even more Co-op than public libraries in England. This paper was read at the Library History Group's ‘Libraries and Modernity’ conference held at Manchester in June 1997.
Promotion of Public Libraries in the Second World War
Authors: Russell Dale C.
Published: January 2014

In the following brief look at the history of public libraries in the Second World War, I shall look at two areas of interest which I think helped to ensure the success of the public library service on the home front. Firstly, at the political level where the Library Association took steps to defend the interests of the service as soon as war seemed to be a possibility; and secondly there are the activities at the local level which ensured that public libraries made an important contribution to the communities whom they served. My research on the history of public libraries in the Second World War is based on London, and most of the examples used in this paper are drawn from the experience of the service in London. However, the fact is that similar activities were taking place in public libraries throughout Britain. This paper was read at the Library History Group's ‘Libraries and Modernity’ conference held at Manchester in June 1997.
Portsmouth Public Libraries: The Last Forty Years, 1935–1974
Authors: Ollé James G.
Published: January 2014

This article continues a previous paper by the author which dealt with the first fifty years of public library provision in Portsmouth. Although the Public Libraries Acts were adopted in 1878, no library could be afforded for several years; growth was slow but steady. During those first five decades the libraries were served by only three chief librarians: the inexperienced Tweed Jewers, Henry Bond (sacked for using his office for an assignation with his mistress), and the efficient, but aloof, James Hutt. Following the latter's retirement, his able deputy was promoted. The present paper continues the story until 1974 when the borough library service of Portsmouth was taken over by the county library service of Hampshire.