bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vanadium and Oxidative Stress Markers - In Vivo Model: A Review
Authors: Ścibior Agnieszka , Kurus Joanna
Published: January 2019

:

This review article is an attempt to summarize the current state of knowledge of the impact of Vanadium (V) on Oxidative Stress (OS) markers in vivo. It shows the results of our studies and studies conducted by other researchers on the influence of different V compounds on the level of selected Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)/Free Radicals (FRs), markers of Lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. It also presents the impact of ROS/peroxides on the activity of antioxidant enzymes modulated by V and illustrates the mechanisms of the inactivation thereof caused by this metal and reactive oxygen metabolites. It also focuses on the mechanisms of interaction of V with some nonenzymatic compounds of the antioxidative system. Furthermore, we review the routes of generation of oxygen-derived FRs and non-radical oxygen derivatives (in which V is involved) as well as the consequences of FR-mediated LPO (induced by this metal) together with the negative/ positive effects of LPO products. A brief description of the localization and function of some antioxidant enzymes and low-molecular-weight antioxidants, which are able to form complexes with V and play a crucial role in the metabolism of this element, is presented as well. The report also shows the OS historical background and OS markers (determined in animals under V treatment) on a timeline, collects data on interactions of V with one of the elements with antioxidant potential, and highlights the necessity and desirability of conducting studies of mutual interactions between V and antioxidant elements.
Three-Dimensional (3-D) Printing Technology Exploited for the Fabrication of Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Zeeshan Farrukh , Madheswaran Thiagarajan , Pandey Manisha , Gorain Bapi
Published: January 2019

Background:

The conventional dosage forms cannot be administered to all patients because of interindividual variability found among people of different race coupled with different metabolism and cultural necessities. Therefore, to address this global issue there is a growing focus on the fabrication of new drug delivery systems customised to individual needs. Medicinal products printed using 3-D technology are transforming the current medicine business to a plausible alternative of conventional medicines.

Methods:

The PubMed database and Google scholar were browsed by keywords of 3-D printing, drug delivery, and personalised medicine. The data about techniques employed in the manufacturing of 3-D printed medicines and the application of 3-D printing technology in the fabrication of individualised medicine were collected, analysed and discussed.

Results:

Numerous techniques can fabricate 3-D printed medicines however, printing-based inkjet, nozzle-based deposition and laser-based writing systems are the most popular 3-D printing methods which have been employed successfully in the development of tablets, polypills, implants, solutions, nanoparticles, targeted and topical dug delivery. In addition, the approval of Spritam® containing levetiracetam by FDA as the primary 3-D printed drug product has boosted its importance. However, some drawbacks such as suitability of manufacturing techniques and the available excipients for 3-D printing need to be addressed to ensure simple, feasible, reliable and reproducible 3-D printed fabrication.

Conclusion:

3-D printing is a revolutionary in pharmaceutical technology to cater the present and future needs of individualised medicines. Nonetheless, more investigations are required on its manufacturing aspects in terms cost effectiveness, reproducibility and bio-equivalence.
Loop Transverse Colostomy - A Modified Technique
Authors: Cai Cheng , Dai Zhihui , Zhong Zhifeng , Wang Jianping , Du Jinlin
Published: January 2019

Background:

Transverse colostomy is commonly performed to create temporary stoma in
rectal cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Conventional methods are either
difficult to implement or to care for. To resolve these problems, we herein describe a modified
transverse colostomy method.

Material and Methods:

Two sutures of peritoneum were made as “bridges” to support the stoma.
Absorbable sutures were utilized to reinforce the stoma. Once the stoma was created, the stoma bag
was immediately placed on the skin. 120 patients who received conventional or modified transverse
colostomy between 2008 and 2014 were selected. Then, the two groups of patients were compared
for stoma-related complications.

Results:

The operation time of stoma construction was 34±10 minutes for the conventional method
and 28±7 minutes for the modified method (P= 0.009). There were no significant differences
between the two groups with respect to postoperative bleeding, bowel obstruction or stoma
retraction. Patients with conventional transverse colostomy were remarkably more likely to
experience parastoma hernia (P= 0.048) and stoma prolapse (P= 0.038).

Conclusion:

In comparison with conventional methods, the modified transverse colostomy is a safe
and effective diverting technique. It can be readily performed by all kinds of surgeons, especially
those in underdeveloped areas. The technique represents a preferred method for constructing
temporary stoma in rectal cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.
A Review on Theragnostic Applications of Micrornas and Long Non- Coding RNAs in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Jothimani Ganesan , Sriramulu Sushmitha , Chabria Yashna , Sun Xiao-Feng , Banerjee Antara , Pathak Surajit
Published: January 2019

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous malignancy leading to increased mortality and
poor prognosis due to the lack of efficient early diagnostics. Metastasis of the tumor being the most
common cause of mortality is accountable for almost 90% of CRC associated deaths. Intensified screening
procedures and molecular target identification has inflated the median survival rate of in CRC patients.
microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have come forward as potential
targets for developing a novel approach in CRC theragnostics. Non-coding RNA (ncRNAs) sequences
are abundantly present and thereby play a vital role in several biological processes such as cellular organization,
cell fate determination, proliferation, apoptosis, tissue homeostasis maintenance as well as
pathological conditions such as cancer by acting as post transcriptional regulators of gene expression.
Several studies have highlighted the involvement of these ncRNAs in CRC development. However, the
molecular mechanism involved in regulating CRC has not been clearly elucidated. This review, throws
light upon the several non-coding RNAs involved in CRC with a focus on novel mechanisms of action,
recent advances in the regulatory mechanisms that control the gene expression related to carcinogenesis.
Furthermore, the potential role of ncRNAs as diagnostic as well as therapeutic targets has been reviewed.
Urinary Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Meng Lei , Wong Ricko , Tsui Man Yin , Tse Gary , Li Guangping , Liu Tong , Lip Gregory Y. H.
Published: January 2019

There is increasing evidence from molecular studies to support the role of inflammation and increased oxidative stress that produce structural and electrical atrial remodeling to produce Atrial Fbrillation (AF). Oxidative damage to cardiomyocytes yields chemical substances that are secreted in urine. These substances can serve as biomarkers that can be measured, potentially allowing clinicians to quantify oxidative damage to the heart.
Initial Study of Thoicyianate Microbial Degradation by Isolates from Poluted Soil in Gold Mining Area in Indonesia
Authors: Rakam Maman Rahmansyah
Published: January 2019

This study was conducted to clarify the ability of denitrifying bacterial group utilized nitrogen (N) due to decompose N in thiocyanate structure.Thiocyanate is a chemical that has likely pollutant to the environment, produced by some industrial activities. Denitrifying bacterial group obtained from bulk of sluge samples collected from the gold tailing, and some soil samples collected suround the gold mining site. The samples then were taken to the Microbiology Laboratory, Research Center for Biology, to investigate. Samples were initially acclimatized by potassium nitrate (KNO3), acetonitrile, and liquid waste or sludge. The result showed that  denitrifying bacteria in the samples utilize 60 to 90% NO3-N (nitrate) in 42 days incubation. Isolation process were then conducted in each samples, and four denitrification bacterial, named as AN, Ea, L7T5, and PETI-7 isolates were attained. The isolates formerly cultured in a denitrifying bacterial medium containing KSCN (Potassium Thiocyanate), amended with glucose and sodium acetate for carbon source. Those four isolates performed satisfactory in aerobic and anaerobic cultures medium to denitrifying process, and utilize glucose and sodium acetate as co-carbon source, but all bacterial isolates were unable to use thiocyanate as the single carbon source. Thiocyanate degradation performed by the isolates through a simultaneous conversion along with denitrification process. This phenomenon turn to open the opportunity on  role of application denitrifying bacteria become bioresources material in efforts to decompost thiocyanate.
High Performance of Enzymatic Bioprocess for Production of Biomassed-based Bioethanol of Sago Palm Fiber Waste
Authors: Harihastuti Nani , Rame Rame , Djayanti Silvy
Published: January 2019

Biomass waste in the form of fiber dregs contains many components of lignocellulose and hemicellulose. Lignocellulose can be used to produce ethanol through enzymatic biotechnology processes. Sago palm fiber industry is one potential industry producing biomass waste in the form of solid waste of fiber dregs (about 30% from the weight of processed raw materials). Solid fiber waste contains crude fiber and lignocellulose compound consists of cellulose (35-50%), hemicellulose ( 20-35%) and lignin (12-20%). This study aimed to utilize solid waste of sago palm fiber as a raw material of bioethanol production through enzymatic biotechnology processes of delignification, saccharification and fermentation which was then purified by distillation process to get ethanol. Delignification,  saccharification, and fermentation stages are conducted using Phanerochaete chrysosporus Mushroom, Trichoderma viride fungus, and saccharomyces cerevisiae, respectively and then purified by distillation process (one level) to produce ethanol. The process of saccharification and fermentation process were done in an integrated manner (addition of Trichoderma viride and yeast saccharomyces cereviceae fungi done simultaneously). The weight of raw materials of solid waste fiber treated was about 6 kgs. Alcohol content obtained was about ± 4% (distillation). No water, air, and soil pollution inflicted, more added value, and sustainable were the main benefits of biotech process or bioprocess.
Antibacterial Activity of Antibiotic-Impregnated Bone Cement Based Coatings Against Microorganisms with Different Antibiotic Resistance Levels
Authors: Tapalski D. V. , Volotovski P. A. , Kozlova A. I. , Sitnik A.
Published: January 2019

Purpose — to evaluate the presence and duration of antibiotic activity of antibiotic-impregnated bone cement based coatings samples against antibiotic-sensitive and antibiotic-resistant microorganisms.Material and Methods. Bone cement based coatings impregnated with antibiotics (gentamycin, vancomycin, colistin, meropenem, fosfomycin) are formed on titanium (Ti) plates. A plate rinse was carried out; antibiotic concentrations in the rinsed solutions were estimated by a serial broth microdilution method. Antibacterial activity of the control and rinsed samples against the antibiotic-sensitive and multiple-antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains was estimated by a bilayer agar method.Results. The meropenem and fosfomycin concentrations in the rinsed solutions obtained at a one-fold (16 μg/ml for both antibiotics) and two-fold treatment (2 μg/ml for meropenem and 8 μg/ml for fosfomycin) were sufficient to suppress the growth of the control strains. One-fold rinse of samples with colistin eliminated their antibacterial activity completely. The marked activity of the samples with meropenem and fosfomycin persisted against the antibiotic-sensitive P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 strain after 2 rinse cycles; single-rinsed samples with fosfomycin also maintained the activity against the extensively antibioticresistant P. aeruginosa BP-150 strain. Vancomycin-containing samples possessed the sufficient antibacterial activity against both methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) S. aureus strains; two-fold rinse of the samples eliminated their bactericidal properties.Conclusion. Bone cement based coatings impregnated with fosfomycin and meropenem possess the most marked and long-lasting antibacterial activity, manifested mainly against the antibiotic-sensitive strains.
Cuneo tendinous suture - the story of one publication
Authors: Nakonechny D. G. , Kiseleva A. N. , Cambon-Binder A.
Published: January 2019

In Russia and in post-Soviet countries tendon Cuneo suture is still widely known and is applied in clinical practice because of its strength and simplicity. One can find its sketch alongwith the sketches of Rozov and Kozakov sutures in most Russian handbooks on operative surgery. In foreign Uterature, however, this term is never used, and the authorship of the technique is attributed to S. Bunnell. According to the original source, the tendon suture technique suggested by S. Bunnell is different from that of B. Cuneo. Likewise, Cuneo tendon suture cannot be appUed with the use of tendon forceps, as suggested by S. Bunnell. Besides, to confirm proper use of B. Cuneo’s name in the case of the tendon suture in question, we cite an adapted translation of a certain paper by B. Cuneo and A. TaUhefer, devoted to a case study where the authors used suture of flexor tendon of little finger. We also provide historical background, concerning some interesting facts and people relevant to the topic.
Analysis of Publications of the Russian Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgeons in Foreign Top-Rated Journals
Authors: Sereda A. P. , Andrianova M. A.
Published: January 2019

The present paper is dedicated to the publications analysis by Russian authors in top-rated foreign journals. The aim of the research to define the avant-garde status of the national trauma and orthopaedics science. The authors of the present paper analyzed the publications in the first thirty journals under the heading «Orthopaedics and sports medicine» from Scimago Journal Country Rank rating. The search was conducted from the moment of the first issue of each journal. Total number of publications was calculated, total number of publications from each author, number of publications per institution, citations of each publication in PubMed Central и Google Scholar. The subject, chronologic characteristics and relation of the year of publication with number of citations were analyzed.
Desarrollo territorial rural: agricultura y migración en el sur del Estado de México
Authors: Rosendo-Chávez Alejandro , Herrera-Tapia Francisco , Vizcarra-Bordi Ivonne , Baca-Tavira Norma
Published: January 2019

A partir de un enfoque territorial de desarrollo rural se analiza la relación entre migración y agricultura en la zona sur del Estado de México. Con la aplicación de una metodología mixta se realizaron 20 entrevistas semiestructuradas y 100 cuestionarios a habitantes del municipio de Almoloya de Alquisiras, en el periodo 2015-2017. Los resultados arrojan que los migrantes tratan de mantener la agricultura de autoconsumo, a la vez que un sector apuesta por una agricultura moderna y comercial, a través de diversos factores que se consideran oportunidades para la formulación de políticas públicas de desarrollo territorial rural en contextos de migración.
Planificación urbana y la influencia de las urbanizaciones cerradas: El Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara, México
Authors: Pfannenstein Bernd , Martínes Jaramillo Jonatán Obed , Anacleto Herrera Edgar Eduardo , Sevilla Villalobos Salvador
Published: January 2019

El Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara ha pasado por una serie de procesos que la llevaron a convertirse en una metrópolis, donde el fenómeno de las urbanizaciones cerradas tomó relevancia significativa, lo cual implica un resultado directo de la falta de planeación urbana. Las facilidades que encontró el sector inmobiliario le permitieron posicionarse como principal actor en el proceso de construcción urbana, logrando que en el 2016 la ciudad  contara con 2973 fraccionamientos de acceso restringido. Es un fenómeno que requiere la reinterpretación del espacio público de la ciudad y de sus espacios de uso colectivo.
Rekonstruksi Alat Skrining Diskalkulia untuk Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Afiati Nikmah Sofia , Azwar Saifuddin
Published: January 2019

Result of some studies reported that 3%-14% of school age students arediagnosed as dyscalculia. The early step to diagnose children with dyscalculia is by usinga screening test. The construction of the screening test by previous researchers has notbeen able to result a satisfactory tool. This study aims to reconstruct the dyscalculiascreening tool (TSD/Tes Skrining Diskalkulia), which developed in order to determineelementary school students that risk for dyscalculia. The participants were 367 studentsfrom 1 st to 4 th grade selected from 5 different school in Magelang Regency. Result showedthat the new structure of the dyscalculia screening tool has a good content validity andconstruct validity. This tool also has good reliability which is 0.864 with low standarderror of measurement. It showed that 69 items that are constructed has good psychometricproperties.
Pelatihan Kebersyukuran untuk Meningkatkan Sense of School Belonging Siswa SMP
Authors: Hayati Indah Nadzifah , Andayani Budi
Published: January 2019

Sense of School Belonging (SoSB) is a major requirement for students to function optimally at school. This study examined the effect of gratitude training on SoSB of Junior High School students. This study used a quasi-experimental untreated control group design with dependent pretest and posttest  sample. There were 32 junior high school students participated in this study; divided into control group and experimental group. The result of the research data tested using Independent Samples t-Test showed the value of t= 3.023, (<0.05). It explained that the hypothesis is accepted, means the gratitude training can increase SoSB  junior high school students significantly.
Empathic Love Therapy untuk Menurunkan Pikiran dan Perilaku Self Injury
Authors: Permatasari Tri , Andayani Budi
Published: January 2019

Self injury is the act of deliberately inflicting harm on ones own body without suicidal intent.Prevalence of people with self injury is constantly increased each year especially in teenager and young adults. Empathic love therapy (ELT) is a method of love in psychosynthesis to reconcile every aspect in self, to change the destructive self pattern, and to find one’s true Self that in line with God’s will. The purpose of this study is to test the effectiveness of ELT in reducing self injury. There are 3 participants aged 20-30 years old which shows symptoms of self injury in the past year. This study use a single case design study. The measuring instrument are Daily Self Assessment (Diary) and Assessment of Empathic Love Therapy Sheets. Data analysis was performed by visual inspection and qualitative analysis. The finding of this study shows that ELT perform effectively in reducing self injury.
Peran Pelatih dalam Pembinaan Prestasi Atlet pada Organisasi Taekwondo Profesional
Authors: Muslima Tifani Faradita , Himam Fathul
Published: January 2019

This research was conducted with the aim of seeking a more in-depth understanding of the training strategies carried out by trainers on professional taekwondo athletes in building athletic achievements. Research uses a qualitative approach with phenomenological methods to capture phenomena that occur in a problem. The analysis is used through the epoche process, horizonalization with the process of reducing phenomenology, imaginative variation, and taking the synthesis of the meaning and essence of the phenomenon under study. The credibility of the results of the study was carried out using the triangulation method and member checking. The results of the study indicate that the strategy of coaching carried out by the trainer is to build support through communication, brotherhood and organizational support; learning through learning from experience and self-development; and coaching through mental coaching, achieving achievement, and sensitivity to athletes.
RANITIDINE CONTROLLED RELEASE ANTI-REFLUX SUSPENSION FOR GASTRO-OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE AND IT’S IN VITRO EVALUATION
Authors: Torne Sangmesh R. , A. Sheela , C. Sarada N.
Published: January 2019

Objective: The aim of this work was to develop triple action controlled release anti-reflux suspension of ranitidine and its in-vitro evaluation of anti-reflux and controlled release properties.Methods: The formulation was optimized using sodium alginate as a gelling agent along with calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium hydroxide, aluminium hydroxide as alkalizing agents and colloidal microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as a suspending agent at various concentrations and arrived at an optimized formulation for its best quality attributes. To avoid initial release in water before administration, ranitidine coated MCC sphere was incorporated into powder formulation and subjected to in vitro characteristics like raft strength, acid neutralizing capacity, pH, viscosity and dissolution study. The obtained results were assessed using Minitab 17 statistical software to conclude the study design.Results: Formulation containing 300 mg of ranitidine along with 750 mg alginate has shown better anti-reflux characteristics like raft strength 18±2g, acid neutralizing capacity 17±1 mEq compared to other formulations. This formulation has also shows zero-order controlled release in the simulated gastric fluid (SGF) up to 10 h compared to the formulation without alginate. Further, to this optimized formulation has shown negligible change in the assay of ranitidine even after 3 mo at 40 °C temperature and 75% RH.Conclusion: The developed stable sustained release powder for suspension has the combined therapeutic efficacy as an antacid and anti-reflux drug suitable for the management and treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) unlike the existing drugs possessing only reflux resistance action.
A NOVEL RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF BERBERINE, QUERCETIN, AND PIPERINE IN AN AYURVEDIC FORMULATION
Authors: Sahani Swati , Jain Vandana
Published: January 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop and validate a novel, simple, rapid, precise and accurate reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for simultaneous quantitative estimation of berberine, quercetin, and piperine in Ayurvedic formulation.Methods: The chromatographic separation was achieved using a stationary phase C18 shim-pack (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5µ) column and mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile: 0.04 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 3.0 adjusted using orthophosphoric acid) in a ratio of 65:35 v/v, with a flow rate of 1 ml/min and UV detection at 255 nm.Results: The retention time of berberine, quercetin, and piperine were found to be 2.7, 3.0 and 6.3 min respectively. Linearity for berberine, quercetin, and piperine were found in the range of 12-28 µg/ml. All calibration curve showed good linear correlation coefficients (r2˃ 0.999) within the tested ranges. Mean percent recoveries for berberine, quercetin, and piperine were found to be within the acceptance limits (98-120%). The percent relative standard deviation (% RSD) for precision was found to be less than 2% which indicates method is precise.Conclusion: The developed method is novel, simple, precise, accurate and can be used for quantitative analysis and quality control of the raw material as well as other commercial formulations containing these three markers.
FORMULATION OF ORALLY DISINTEGRATING TABLETS OF CINNARIZINE BY USING DIRECT COMPRESSION METHOD
Authors: Al-dhahir Rasha Khalid , Al-kotaji Myasar
Published: January 2019

Objective: The aim of this work was to formulate and evaluate orally disintegrating tablets of cinnarizine that were prepared by direct compression method using different types of diluents and super disintegrants. The rationale behind this work was to accelerate the disintegration of the tablet to provide rapid dissolution, quick action and enhanced bioavailability of the drug.Methods: The tablets were prepared by direct compression method using different types of diluents as mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), and lactose. Different super disintegrants were used such as crospovidone (CP), sodium starch glycolate (SSG) and Kyron T-314; Kyron T-314 was used in different concentrations of 5%, 6%, 7%, and 8%. The prepared formulae (F1-F9c) were subjected to flowability studies and post-compression evaluation studies. The optimized formula was selected depending on the time of disintegration and dissolution; then it was subjected to drug-excipient compatibility study and stability study.Results: Flowability results were ranging from excellent, excellent to good, and good to fair according to the type of the diluent used. All of the prepared tablets showed acceptable hardness, friability, drug content, and disintegration. A rapid disintegration of 11.66±2.25 s with the highest percentage 2 min-drug release of 74.55±3.01% was obtained by using the diluent lactose and the super disintegrant Kyron T-314 (8%) in the formula F9c. The infrared spectroscopic studies of the formula F9c showed no drug-excipient interaction. In addition, the stability study indicated that the optimized formula is a stable formula.Conclusion: Formula F9c of a rapidly disintegrating tablet was easy to be manufactured, and the results showed that this formula had a rapid disintegration, high dissolution profile, no noticeable chemical incompatibility and it was stable upon storage.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A RP-HPLC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF TELMISARTAN IN HUMAN PLASMA
Authors: Ashok P. , Narenderan S. T. , Meyyanathan S. N. , Babu B. , Vadivelan R.
Published: January 2019

Objective: The present study was aimed to develop a rapid, specific and sensitive method based on high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of telmisartan using indapamide as an internal standard.Methods: The utilization of single step protein precipitation method using methanol as a precipitating agent becomes suitable for analysis of a large number of samples. The developed method was validated as per US-FDA guidelines for telmisartan in human plasma.Result: An isocratic separation was achieved using Hibar C18 (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column using 10 mmol ammonium formate solution (pH 4.0)–methanol (70:30, v/v) as the mobile phase. Detection was carried out at 275 nm. The method was validated over the range of 0.1–1.5 µg/ml in human plasma with a regression analysis of 0.996. The percentage recovery of the present method was found to be 94.0–99.2 %.Conclusion: The developed analytical method was found to be rapid, single step, plasma preparation coupled with the simple high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV detection (HPLC–UV) isocratic chromatographic apparatus makes the method cost-effective and suitable for analysis of a large number of samples.
SOLID DISPERSION TECHNIQUE TO ENHANCE THE SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION OF FEBUXOSTAT AN BCS CLASS II DRUG
Authors: Vimalson D. Christopher , Parimalakrishnan S. , Jeganathan N. S. , Anbazhagan S.
Published: January 2019

Objective: The present study was aimed to enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble drug (BCS Class II) Febuxostat using water-soluble polymers.Methods: Pre-formulation studies like drug excipient compatibility studies by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopyDifferential scanning calorimetry and determination of saturation solubility of drug individually in various media like distilled water and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer. Solid dispersions of Febuxostat was prepared using Polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) (fusion method) and Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP K30) (solvent evaporation method) in various ratios like 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 separately. The formulated solid dispersions were evaluated for percentage yield, drug content and in vitro dissolution studies.Results: From the results of pre-formulation studies it was revealed that there was no interaction between drug and excipients and the pure drug was poorly soluble in water. The percentage yield of all formulations was in the range of 54-78 %, and drug content was in the range of 43-78 mg. The solid dispersion containing polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 in 1:4 ratio showed the highest amount of drug release at the end of 30 min than other formulations.Conclusion: Finally it was concluded that solid dispersion prepared with PVP K-30 in 1:4 ratio by solvent evaporation method was more soluble than by fusion method.
Dimensión espacial de las decisiones sobre manejo de tierras. Un modelo de análisis
Authors: Andablo Reyes Araceli del Carmen , Hernández Moreno María del Carmen , Francois Mas Jean
Published: January 2019

En el debate actual sobre el cambio ambiental global y la contribución de las actividades humanas, como detonante de dicho proceso, se generan controversias disciplinarias. En este artículo se propone desarrollar un modelo de análisis para integrar la dimensión espacial en el estudio de las decisiones sobre manejo de tierras, y con ello superar las limitaciones de los trabajos que abordan la temática desde una perspectiva exclusivamente sociológica, y también de los que privilegian el abordaje espacial. En el modelo se conjuga el análisis de cambio de cubierta y uso de suelo con la teoría del actor-red. El resultado es un modelo híbrido, que le asigna a la dimensión espacial la categoría de elemento explicativo fundamental para comprender la toma de decisiones sobre manejo de tierras. La utilidad del modelo podría estar limitada por la disponibilidad de información a escalas geográficas detalladas, sin embargo aporta elementos para transitar de los modelos explicativos a los trasformadores de la realidad socionatural.
Mobbing y satisfacción laboral en docentes de Instituciones de Educación Superior del centro de México. Una evidencia empírica sobre su relación
Authors: Muñoz-Chávez Juana Patricia , López-Chau Asdrúbal
Published: January 2019

A partir de la modernidad administrativa y tecnológica se ha generado un cambio en la dinámica en el interior de las organizaciones, por ello, buscar el desarrollo integral de sus miembros es un elemento clave para generar venta­ja competitiva. En este artículo se analiza la dependencia entre las variables mobbing y satisfacción laboral, con los datos de una muestra obtenida de cuatro Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) del centro de México. Los hallazgos revelan que dichas variables tienen una fuerte dependencia estadística, de acuerdo a la prueba estadística de chi-cuadrada aplicada.
Eventual escenario de la legalización de la marihuana en Colombia. Un reto para la regularización publicitaria
Authors: Valdez Contreras Edianny Libanesa , Arango Lozano Carlos Andrés
Published: January 2019

Este artículo aborda la regulación publicitaria que se de­bería establecer en el escenario hipotético de legalización de la marihuana en Colombia. A raíz de la regulación existente en el país, la legalización total de dicha sustan­cia se percibe como un hecho inminente. En cuanto a la metodología, se realizó una investigación cualitativa, utilizando como dispositivo metodológico la entrevista semiestructurada aplicada a consumidores de marihuana y a actores políticos, sociales y de la industria publicitaria en Colombia. Los resultados muestran que existen dos es­cenarios de legalización de la marihuana, uno medicinal y otro recreativo, y que cada escenario merece su propia re­gulación. Concluimos afirmando que en ambos contextos la ética profesional publicitaria y la responsabilidad social deberían ser la sombrilla bajo la cual se redacte un anexo al Código Colombiano de Autorregulación Publicitaria que regule la marihuana, los productos que contengan mari­huana, y/o derivados de la misma que surjan a partir de su eventual legalización.
Aspectos semióticos del discurso de denuncia social en el largometraje Carpinteros (2017) del cineasta dominicano José María Cabral
Authors: Roa Ogando Gerardo A.
Published: January 2019

En este artículo se analiza la película dominicana Carpinteros (2017) de José María Cabral desde la perspectiva teórica del signo de Saussure en el Curso de lingüística general (1945) y desde la teoría del signo de Peirce descrita en su libro La ciencia de la semiótica (1986). Aunque hace más de un siglo que estos autores formularon sus teorías, esta película constituye un macrosigno multimodal que soporta el escrutinio teórico inmanente y trascendente del lenguaje. Por ello, el objetivo fue analizar el discurso ideológico de denuncia social como contenido de las formas semióticas. El procedimiento de análisis ha sido hermenéutico-triangular. Apliqué cuestionarios a tres grupos controles de semiólogos, cineastas y sociólogos en torno a la trilogía: lenguaje, cine y sociedad dominicana. Los resultados muestran correspondencias de estas teorías con la producción cinematográfica analizada. Concluyo proponiendo al lector el estudio de películas, y de otros textos multimodales, a partir de estos autores.
Condiciones de base para la reintegración social en el posconflicto
Authors: García Peña John Jairo , Arana Medina Claudia Marcela
Published: January 2019

Este artículo surge de una investigación, cuyo objetivo fue aportar a las condiciones psicosociales de base, de las personas que deciden desvincularse del conflicto armado colombiano, teniendo presente el contexto en el que han estado inmersas y al que se reintegrarán. El estudio asumió un diseño cualitativo, enmarcado desde un estudio teórico, cuya revisión se hizo en revistas y páginas Web de acceso abierto. Los resultados expresan la importancia de forta­lecer con esta población el concepto de ciudadanía desde la perspectiva de Derecho, dentro del reconocimiento de categorías como bienestar psicológico, desarrollo humano y social, que apuesten por la construcción de ciudadanos con derechos en el ejercicio pleno de sus facultades políticas y socioculturales, a partir del reconocimiento de su dignidad, como partícipes de un territorio. Como conclusión rele­vante, estos conceptos se presentan como un eje conductor, que hará posible, que en un país en posconflicto, este pro­ceso se asuma con responsabilidad y éxito, reconociendo la función relevante que cumple la sociedad civil para que un Estado salga del circuito de la guerra.
CONFLITOS VIVENCIADOS POR FAMILIARES DE PACIENTES CIRÚRGICOS GRAVEMENTE ENFERMOS NO HOSPITAL GERAL CLÉRISTON ANDRADE
Authors: Caribé da Silva Larissa , Barros de Andrade Rosângela
Published: January 2019

Familiares de pacientes cirúrgicos gravemente enfermos enfrentam desafios e dificuldades tanto no ambiente hospitalar quanto no extra-hospitalar, bem como no percurso entre esses dois espaços. O objetivo foi identificar conflitos, limites e possibilidades vivenciados por familiares de pacientes cirúrgicos gravemente enfermos no Hospital Geral Clériston Andrade, situado em Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório de natureza qualitativa. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram familiares de pacientes cirúrgicos gravemente enfermos internados na clínica cirúrgica ou na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, que acompanhavam esses pacientes naquele nosocômio. Para a coleta de dados aplicou-se entrevista semiestruturada que ocorreu em janeiro e fevereiro de 2013. Realizou-se análise de conteúdo de Bardin para sistematização e análise dos dados. Os resultados apontaram três categorias de conflitos: intra-hospitalares, extra-hospitalares e mistos. Dentre esses, destacaram-se: dificuldade ou ausência de comunicação com o paciente; temor ante a possibilidade de aquisição de outras enfermidades/agravos no paciente ou no familiar acompanhante após o internamento; insatisfação com o atendimento/condutas da equipe de saúde; preocupação e responsabilidade pelos herdeiros dos pacientes; mudança de rotina com sobrecarga de funções. Dentre os limites, identificou-se a estrutura deficiente do hospital, tanto para usuários quanto para servidores, inclusive com dificuldades de alimentação. Concluiu-se que a identificação de conflitos, limites e possibilidades vivenciados por familiares de pacientes cirúrgicos gravemente enfermos em Hospital Geral do interior da Bahia apontou que nem sempre os serviços públicos de saúde dispõem de todos os materiais e pessoal necessários para que se realize um trabalho eficiente junto ao paciente e ao seu familiar.

Palavras-chave: Cuidados de enfermagem. Relações familiares. Assistência integral à saúde. Índice de gravidade de doença.
TRABALHO DE PARTO PREMATURO E MORBIDADES DURANTE A GESTAÇÃO: ASSOCIAÇÃO DE FATORES
Authors: Brandão da Silva Bruna , Reis Almeida Cinthia , Carvalho da Silva Karolina , Da Silva Santos Larissa Madalena , Pereira da Costa Kerber Nalú , Marques dos Santos Luciano
Published: January 2019

Apesar dos avanços tecnológico e científico, a prematuridade ainda representa um desafio para os serviços de saúde pública em todo o mundo, por tratar-se de um determinante de morbimortalidade neonatal. A etiologia do nascimento pré-termo é complexa e resulta de um conjunto de fatores inter-relacionados. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a associação entre a ocorrência de morbidades durante a gestação e o trabalho de parto prematuro. Trata-se de um estudo multicêntrico, quantitativo, do tipo caso-controle, realizado em dois hospitais públicos do interior da Bahia, no período de abril de 2014 a novembro de 2015. A amostra foi de 630 puérperas, sendo que 315 tiveram partos prematuros (casos) e 315 tiveram partos a termo (controles). Os dados foram coletados por meio da técnica da entrevista estruturada, com um formulário único pré-codificado. Os resultados apontaram que, dentre as morbidades maternas, foi observada significância estatística entre o nascimento prematuro e o sangramento vaginal (OR: 3.068; IC: 2.053-4.585; p=<0.0000001), a ameaça de trabalho de parto prematuro (OR: 2.147; IC: 1.301-3.543; p=0.002359) e as síndromes hipertensivas específicas da gestação (OR: 1.835; IC: 1.268-2.657; p=0.001205). Concluiu-se que o sangramento vaginal, a ameaça de trabalho de parto prematuro e as síndromes hipertensivas específicas da gestação associaram-se significativamente com a ocorrência de parto prematuro.

Palavras-chave: Gravidez de alto risco. Fatores de risco. Complicações na gravidez. Trabalho de parto prematuro.
SER ESTUDANTE DE ENFERMAGEM DURANTE A PRIMEIRA PRÁTICA HOSPITALAR: SIGNIFICADOS E MUDANÇAS
Authors: Carminha da Silva Ivanilza , Da Silva Santos Layla Nayara , Da Silva Carneiro Lenuzia , Oliveira Militão Thayná , Da Cruz Lima Emily , Braitt Lima Adriana
Published: January 2019

Trata-se do relato da experiência de cinco estudantes de graduação em enfermagem após a primeira prática hospitalar em uma instituição pública na cidade de Feira de Santana, Bahia, no ano de 2014, cujo objetivo foi compreender os significados e mudanças no ser do estudante de enfermagem durante a primeira prática hospitalar. Foram utilizadas a abordagem qualitativa e a análise de conteúdo temático-categorial para a análise dos relatos, depreendendo-se duas categorias: significados e percepções de mudanças. A categoria significados emergiu do relato sobre o medo de causar danos à pessoa hospitalizada e de não alcançar as expectativas de ajuda pautadas no altruísmo, na gratidão pelo cuidado prestado e na aprendizagem alcançada. A categoria percepções de mudanças surgiu do relato sobre a confiança adquirida pelo crescimento pessoal, o que possibilitou vencer as inquietações e tomar decisões sobre o cuidado, considerando como subsídio o amor, a dedicação, a responsabilidade, o apoio da equipe e a comunicação. Concluiu-se que a prática é significada como uma experiência envolta de medos, expectativas e desafios que precisam ser enfrentados para se chegar a um objetivo final, pautado por um novo olhar frente ao que se pode fazer para ser humano ao ajudar a pessoa cuidada.

Palavras-chave: Educação em enfermagem. Estudante de enfermagem. Estágio clínico.
Condiciones poblacionales y alimenticias de colonias de abejas melíferas (Apis mellifera) en tres regiones del altiplano semiárido de México
Authors: Medina-Flores Carlos Aurelio , Guzmán-Novoa Ernesto , Aguilera Soto Jairo Iván , López Carlos Marco Antonio , Medina Cuéllar Sergio Ernesto
Published: January 2019

Se estimó la población de abejas, áreas con cría, miel y polen en 150 colonias de abejas melíferas (Apis mellifera) establecidas en las regiones semiseca templada, subhúmeda templada y semiseca semicálida de Zacatecas, México, durante las épocas de primavera y otoño. Las colonias de la región semiseca semicálida tuvieron significativamente más abejas y cría en otoño que las colonias de las otras regiones (P<0.001). En primavera, la población de abejas en las colonias de las regiones semiseca templada y semiseca semicálida fue similar, y significativamente mayor que en la región subhúmeda templada (P<0.01). Se registró menos miel y más polen almacenados en otoño en colonias de la región semiseca semicálida que en las otras regiones (P<0.001). En primavera, el área de polen almacenado en colonias de la región semiseca templada fue significativamente mayor que en las otras regiones (P<0.0001). La población de abejas y áreas de cría de las colonias en otoño, se correlacionaron positivamente con la población de abejas, áreas de cría y miel de la primavera (P<0.001). En otoño, la región semiseca semicálida tuvo mejores condiciones para el desarrollo y reproducción de colonias que las otras regiones. Sin embargo, el tamaño poblacional de las colonias estudiadas (21,000 a 35,000 abejas/colmena) no es considerado óptimo (>50,000), por lo que se sugiere que previo a floraciones se implementen estrategias tendientes a incrementar la población y reservas de alimento que contribuyan a la sobrevivencia de las colonias en el invierno y a mejorar su productividad.
Aislamiento e identificación de bacterias ácido lácticas con potencial probiótico para becerros del altiplano mexicano
Authors: Landa-Salgado Patricia , Caballero-Cervantes Yesenia , Ramírez-Bribiesca Efrén , Hernandez-Anguiano Ana María , Ramírez-Hernández Luz Mariana , Espinosa-Victoria David , Hernández-Sánchez David
Published: January 2019

Los becerros neonatos son expuestos continuamente a un amplio rango de microorganismos habitantes del ambiente, y a patógenos causantes de diarrea. El objetivo de este estudio fue aislar e identificar bacterias acido lácticas (BAL) de la mucosa oral de becerros, calostro y leche de vacas Holstein. El aislamiento de BAL se realizó en caldo y placas con medio ManRogosa Sharp (MRS). Una vez purificadas las colonias bacterianas, se realizaron pruebas morfológicas y bioquímicas para la caracterización de BAL. Se aislaron 16 colonias bacterianas, de las cuales se clasificaron en 12 de la mucosa oral, 2 en leche y 2 en calostro. Estas colonias se evaluaron a pH ácido (4.0 y 4.5) y sales biliares (SB: 0.3 y 1.5 g). Posteriormente se identificaron con el Sistema API50CHL. Las especies aisladas con resistencia a pH de 4 y 1.5 de SB fueron: Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus plantarum. Lactobacillus crispatus y Lactococcus lactis. Estas colonias cuentan con un potencial probiótico para ser usadas en becerros.
Factors affecting the ruminal microbial composition and methods to determine microbial protein yield. Review
Authors: Castillo-Lopez Ezequias , Domínguez-Ordóñez Maria Guadalupe
Published: January 2019

Microbial protein synthesized in the rumen is a major contributor of metabolizable protein. Thus, accurate estimation of microbial protein is essential in ruminant nutrition. The objective of this review is to describe the microbial composition, major factors affecting its yield and methods to estimate microbial protein flow to the intestine. The use of novel molecular techniques to elucidate the ruminal microbiome and improve methods for estimating microbial protein are discussed. Bacteria, protozoa, fungi and archaea compose the ruminal microbiome. Main factors affecting microbial protein synthesis are availability of carbohydrates, ruminally degradable protein, dietary fat, and ruminal pH. Major microbial markers used to estimate microbial protein synthesis are total purines, diaminopimelic acid and labeled nitrogen; in addition, DNA through real-time PCR is being tested for the estimation of bacterial, protozoal and yeast protein separately. The main difficulty in the estimation of microbial protein flow is obtaining representative microbial pellets from the rumen, which are used as reference to establish the ratio of marker/nitrogen. Detailed phylogenetic analysis using High-throughput DNA sequencing has recently revealed drastic taxonomic differences between fluid-associated bacteria and bacteria from whole intestinal digesta contents. For example, ruminal fluid contains less Fibrobacteres and Proteobacteria, but more Firmicutes compared to whole intestinal digesta. This demonstrates the need of developing effective bacterial collection procedures for obtaining representative ruminal microbial reference pellets to prevent bias on the estimation of the contribution of microbial protein to the intestinal supply of metabolizable protein.
Evaluación y análisis sensorial del Queso Bola de Ocosingo (México) desde la perspectiva del consumidor
Authors: Agudelo-López Mónica , Cesín Vargas Alfredo , Espinoza-Ortega Angélica , Ramírez-Valverded Benito
Published: January 2019

El objetivo fue analizar la aceptación y preferencia del consumidor por el Queso Bola de Ocosingo con tres tiempos de maduración: fresco, 21 días y 45 días. Se realizaron 90 encuestas en tres escenarios relacionados con la gastronomía: Gourmet Show, Feria Nacional de la Cultura Rural en Chapingo y Muestra Gastronómica. La información se analizó a través de pruebas estadísticas paramétricas y no paramétricas. Al contrastar las respuestas, con los escenarios de evaluación y las características socioeconómicas de los panelistas, se encontró que aquellos que reportaron ingreso y nivel educativo más bajos, percibieron mejor las características visuales, prefiriendo los quesos más frescos; mientras que los panelistas con ingreso y nivel educativo más altos, apreciaron mejor los atributos asociados al aroma y el sabor del queso más maduro. El Queso Bola de Ocosingo comparte características productivas y culturales con otros quesos artesanales mexicanos, por lo que se espera contribuir para preservarlos como parte del patrimonio gastronómico del país.