bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Application of Stochastic Mine Production Scheduling in the Presence of Geological Uncertainty
Authors: Joshi Devendra , Gholami Hamed , Mohapatra Hitesh , Ali Anis , Streimikiene Dalia , Satpathy Susanta Kumar , Yadav Arvind
Published: August 2022

The scheduling of open-pit mine production is a large-scale, mixed-integer linear programming problem that is computationally expensive. The purpose of this study is to create a computationally efficient algorithm for solving open-pit production scheduling problems with uncertain geological parameters. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed research, a case study of an Indian iron ore mine is presented. Multiple realizations of the resource models were developed and integrated within the stochastic production scheduling framework to capture uncertainty and incorporate it into the mine plan. In this case study, two hybrid methods were developed to evaluate their performance. Model 1 is a combined branch and cut with the longest path, whereas Model 2 is a sequential parametric maximum flow and branch and cut. The results show that both methods produce similar materials, ore, metal, and risk profiles; however, Model 2 generates slightly more (4 percent) discounted cash flow from this study mine than Model 1. The results also show that Model 2’s computational time is 46.64 percent less than that of Model 1.
Sky Gardens, Public Spaces and Urban Sustainability in Dense Cities: Shenzhen, Hong Kong and Singapore
Authors: Li Yan , Du Hongwu , Sezer Ceren
Published: August 2022

This paper studies the spatial characteristics of sky gardens as public spaces to explore their potential to support urban sustainability in dense cities. This research understands public spaces as spaces that are open and available in different levels of access and use. The research focuses on 982 sky gardens in Shenzhen, Hong Kong, and Singapore. It adopts a mixed methodology, including site visits and observations, statistic measurements (based on SPSS software), and Grey Relation Analysis (GRA) methods. The research follows three steps: first, it studies the urban context, including urban density, land uses, and policy regulations regarding sky gardens and sustainability. Second, it examines sky gardens’ spatial characteristics in terms of form (morphology, typology, size, affordances, configuration), openness quality (accessibility, ownership, permeability), and geometry (open space ratio, height of space-to-building, void-to-solid ratio, shape index). Third, the research compares the findings in three case cities and discusses their potential to support urban sustainability. The results suggest that despite the limitations of sky gardens, they may play, to different degrees, fundamental roles as open public spaces in high-density urban environments supporting cities’ sustainability. High-density environments offer more opportunities for the sustainable development of sky gardens, which creates a new spatial paradigm for compact vertical greenery in high-density cities.
The Negative Influence of Urban Underground Space Development on Urban Microclimate
Authors: Cheng Xiaoling , Zhao Xudong , He Qiaoyi , Su Xiaochao
Published: August 2022

The development of urban underground space can increase the green area of a city and have a positive impact on urban microclimate. However, the negative impacts of urban under-ground space development on the urban microclimate are rarely considered and analyzed. In this study, we focus on analyzing the impact of the development of underground commercial streets under determinant urban form on urban microclimate using outdoor CO concentrations as the evaluation index. In this regard, it was possible to quantitatively evaluate the influences of various development factors (e.g., development intensity of underground commercial streets; location and height of shaft exhaust; and various ground-greening configurations of transverse and vertical trees, large and small shrubs, and grasses) on the outdoor CO concentration. The results showed that higher development intensity increases outdoor CO concentration and its range of effects. Properly increasing the height of shaft exhausts, choosing a dispersed layout for shaft exhausts, and planting large shrubs on the ground in the development area of underground commercial streets can effectively reduce the impact of underground commercial street development on urban air quality.
Prediction of Crash Severity as a Way of Road Safety Improvement: The Case of Saint Petersburg, Russia
Authors: Rodionova Maria , Skhvediani Angi , Kudryavtseva Tatiana
Published: August 2022

This article investigates factors that explain road crash severity levels in Saint Petersburg, Russia, during the 2015–2021 period. The research takes into account factors such as lighting conditions, weather conditions, infrastructure factors, human factors, accident types, and vehicle category and color to assess their influence on crash severity. The most influential accident type is run-off-road crashes, which are associated with an 11.2% increase in fatal accidents. The biggest reason for the increase in fatal accidents due to road infrastructure conditions is road barrier shortcomings (2.8%). Road infrastructure conditions, such as a lack of road lighting, have a significant effect on fatal outcomes, increasing them by 12.6%, and this is the most influential factor in the analysis. The obtained results may serve as a basis for Saint Petersburg authorities to develop new road safety policies.
Reply to Karjanto, N. Revisiting Indigenous Wisdom of Javanese Pranata mangsa. Comment on “Zaki et al. Adaptation to Extreme Hydrological Events by Javanese Society through Local Knowledge. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10373”
Authors: Zaki Muhamad Khoiru , Noda Keigo , Ito Kengo , Komariah Komariah , Sumani Sumani , Senge Masateru
Published: August 2022

We have rectified the list of ethnic groups in Java, which should include Madurese and the often neglected, forgotten, and stigmatized Chinese Indonesians [...]
How Does Green Finance Reform Affect Enterprise Green Technology Innovation? Evidence from China
Authors: Lu Na , Wu Jiahui , Liu Ziming
Published: August 2022

The construction of pilot zones for green finance reform and innovations (GFRI) is an important initiative for the Chinese government to develop a green economy. Based on 3236 A-share listed enterprises from 2011 to 2018, this paper uses the difference-in-differences method (DID) to examine whether GFRI can promote enterprise green technology innovation. The results show that GFRI can significantly enhance enterprise green technology innovation. This conclusion is still robust after the parallel trend test, PSM-DID and placebo inspection. The mechanism research shows that GFRI can relocate the internal and external financing constraints, and then promote enterprise green technology innovation. Further, heterogeneity analysis shows that GFRI’s green technological innovation incentives only exist in the eastern region and non-state-owned enterprises, which not only significantly improves the total green technology patents, but also significantly improves the green invention patents and green practical patents. For the central and western regions and state-owned enterprises, GFRI can only enhance the green invention patents. From the perspective of enterprise green technology innovation, this paper assesses the implementation effect of GFRI, providing theoretical support and empirical evidence for green finance policies to serve China’s green economy.
Compensation Strategy of PMSM Predictive Control with Reduced Parameter Disturbance
Authors: Fang Shuhua , Meng Jing , Wang Wei , Meng Yao , Wang Yicheng , Huang Demin
Published: August 2022

This paper proposes a double closed-loop predictive control scheme for a permanent-magnet synchronous motor system, which consists of a speed loop model predictive control and a current loop deadbeat predictive control, current loop and speed loop adopt different predictive control methods, compensate the unstable switching frequency, and reduce the amount of calculation. Considering the influence of parameter mismatch on the control performance, a parameter disturbance sliding mode observer and a parameter disturbance internal mode observer are designed to compare the compensation ability of the two observers for current tracking errors, which improves the disturbance rejection ability and robustness of the system, and the compensation ability of the internal mode observer is better. The simulated and experimental results show that the improved strategy and predictive control method proposed in this paper can obtain better speed tracking performance compared with traditional control, which verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control scheme on a servo control system.
A Multidimensional Analysis of the Municipalities of the Italian Small Islands
Authors: Salustri Andrea
Published: August 2022

The Italian small islands are characterized by high social and territorial distances from the mainland; however, on average, they do not seem affected by depopulation processes that, instead, characterize many other peripheral areas. On the other hand, the multifaceted nature and the tiny size of the Italian small islands call for political actions along multiple dimensions and pose unusual epistemological challenges. Against this background, a research gap is identified in the lack of a multidimensional analysis of the Italian small islands encompassing at least the main dimensions of local development. To narrow the gap, the research illustrates a multidimensional analysis based on the development of a composite index measuring the consistency of the territorial capital of the 33 insular municipalities located in the Italian small islands. The results suggest how the extreme heterogeneity of the insular municipalities and their social and economic vulnerabilities may negatively affect the digital transformation and the ecological transition of the Italian small islands. Consequently, the effectiveness of public policies may depend on the ability of policymakers to develop a transdisciplinary cognitive map of the local contexts and to codesign, with all local and external stakeholders, policies aimed at leaving (and keeping) no one behind.
Rice Production in Farmer Fields in Soil Salinity Classified Areas in Khon Kaen, Northeast Thailand
Authors: Yang Yi , Ye Rongling , Srisutham Mallika , Nontasri Thanyaluck , Sritumboon Supranee , Maki Masayasu , Yoshida Koshi , Oki Kazuo , Homma Koki
Published: August 2022

Northeast Thailand is the largest rice cultivation region in Thailand, but the rice yield there is quite low. Soil salinity is one of the major yield restricted factors, is derived from underground rock salt, and is predicted to expand in the future. This study focused on evaluating rice productivity related to salinity conditions in Khon Kaen Province, Northeast Thailand. The field investigations were conducted from 2017 to 2019 in farmer fields in severe, moderate, and slight soil salinity classes determined by the Land Development Department of Thailand. The soil salinity on the basis of the electric conductivity of saturated soil extract (ECe) varied year to year, which seemed to be associated with precipitation. The difference in soil salinity between classes was obvious only in the drought year 2018, and reflected in the rice yield, although severe drought devastated rice yield in some fields. Plenty of rainfall may have alleviated soil salinity and rice yield reduction in other years, causing differences in rice yield that were not significant among soil salinity classes. However, salinity level evaluation by the USDA based on ECe showed that rice yield was damaged depending on the level. This study indicates that ECe-based evaluation is recommended for soil salinity in relation to rice productivity. The spatial and temporal evaluation for rice production may benefit farmers. The results in this study also showed rice production largely varied even in similar salinity levels, implying that salinity damage can be alleviated by farmer management.
Evaluation of the Surface Performance of Mortar Matrix Subjected to Sodium Chloride Solution Modified with Hybrid Nanosilica Cement Paste
Authors: Lyu Kai , Xu Junjie , Gu Yue , Xia Kailun , Wang Lei , Liu Weiwei , Xie Xian
Published: August 2022

In order to prolong the service life of cement-based materials subjected to external chloride ion attacks, two kinds of methods, a surface treatment and chloride immobilization, were combined by fabricating a nanosilica-modified cement paste and coating it on mortar samples as a surface treatment material (HSM). The protective effect of the HSM was evaluated according to its surface hardness, and an RCM test was carried out, which indicated that the attached layer could both increase the surface hardness and decrease the chloride diffusion coefficient. Then, the chloride immobilization mechanisms were illustrated in terms of chloride blocking resistance, chemical binding and physical binding X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric/derivative thermogravimetric (TG/DTG) and thermodynamic modeling. The results showed that the hybrid nanomaterials that modified the cementitious surface treatment materials may effectively improve the chloride-resistant property of a matrix with content of no more than 1%. This research outcome could provide evidence that hybrid nanosilica can be applied in surface treatment technology.
Adapting to Social–Ecological Risks to the Conservation of a Muskmelon Landrace in India
Authors: Singh Anshuman , Singh Ranjay K. , Kumar Neeraj , Kumar Suresh , Sheoran Parvender , Singh Dheeraj , Kumar Satyendra , Sharma P. C.
Published: August 2022

Crop landraces are vanishing alarmingly worldwide, posing serious risks to the livelihoods of the resource-poor farmers; this study, conducted using ‘vulnerability’ and ‘resilience theory’ frameworks, sought to delineate social–ecological, climatic and policy hindrances to the conservation of a muskmelon landrace ‘Jaunpuri Netted’ traditionally grown in eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Our results showed that the blue bull menace, market constraints and erratic rainfall have gradually emerged as severe stresses to the conservation of this muskmelon landrace. Yet, a set of enablers including relative ease in crop management, pleasant fruit taste, perceived livelihood opportunities and the cultural legacy seem to offset these stresses, at least partly, keeping the farmers engaged in muskmelon cultivation. The Tobid regression analysis revealed that educated farmers with large landholdings were likely to grow muskmelon on relatively small acreages, and that market constraints, blue bull menace and erratic rainfall are the major future risks to the muskmelon-based livelihoods. A growing obsession with higher fruit yields has led to the virtual eclipse of traditional crop management practices, further enhancing the vulnerability of muskmelon growers. Addressing these challenges requires some major changes to the ways in which the muskmelon crop is managed and traded. While muskmelon growers need to revisit the present chemical-intensive practices, adequate research and policy support remain requisite to unveiling the unique nutraceutical properties of this muskmelon landrace, promoting organic farming, reviving seed-based business opportunities, and creating strong market linkages to enhance the livelihood resilience of the muskmelon growers.
Safety Evaluation of Subway Tunnel Construction under Extreme Rainfall Weather Conditions Based on Combination Weighting–Set Pair Analysis Model
Authors: Liu Ping , Wang Yu , Han Tongze , Xu Jiaming , Li Qiangnian
Published: August 2022

Regional extreme rainfall events have occurred frequently in China, and subway tunnel construction faces possible threats under extreme weather conditions. Thus, in this study, we used the set pair analysis (SPA) approach to the construction safety evaluation of subway tunnels and developed a construction safety evaluation model under extreme rainfall circumstances. Firstly, based on careful consideration of the complex construction environment of subway tunnels under extreme rainfall weather conditions, a construction safety evaluation system of subway tunnels was developed considering four aspects: rainfall, hydrogeology, construction design, and management. Moreover, the weighting analysis of each index factor was carried out using the improved analytic hierarchy process (IAHP) method, the entropy weight method (EWM), and the linear weighting method. Secondly, considering the uncertainty of subway tunnels’ construction safety evaluation system and the fuzzy nature of evaluation-level classification, a construction safety evaluation system of subway tunnels based on the multivariate linkage number and set pair analysis theory was established. Finally, we applied the model to a subway tunnel construction case. The results show that the evaluation results are consistent with the actual engineering survey results, which verifies the practicality and effectiveness of the model in evaluating subway tunnel safety. We also determined the primary factors and risk development trends that affect the safety of subway tunnel construction under extreme rainfall weather conditions to guide the safety risk management of subway tunnel construction.
Protecting the Unprotected Consumer Data in Internet of Things: Current Scenario of Data Governance in Malaysia
Authors: Cheryl Barr-Kumarakulasinghe , Ng Boon-Kwee
Published: August 2022

With the increasing number of smart devices and connections in Internet of Things (IoT) comes risks—specifically involving consumer data protection. In this respect, this exploratory research examines the current issues of IoT and personal data protection in Malaysia that includes: regulatory frameworks and data governance; issues and gaps; and key challenges in implementation. Results from this mixed-methods research indicates that a majority of consumers expressed concern about personal data risks due to increased usage of IoT devices. Moreover, there is a crucial need to increase regulation and accountability in the industry. In this regard, collaboration and partnerships between the main stakeholders are essential in tackling emerging issues of IoT and personal data protection. In order to strengthen IoT data governance, the fundamentals should be: strengthening consumer education and smart partnership between government-industry-civil society; providing motivation for active participation of NGOs and civil society; and obtaining industry buy-in. This paper also proposes a structure for the governance of evolving data-related technology, particularly in the case of data breaches or cyber incidents. It adds to the wider discussion of the current scenario, and proposes a model of collective responsibility in IoT data governance that is underpinned by the three principles of fair information practices, privacy impact assessment and privacy accountability.
UIO-Based Practical Fixed-Time Fault Estimation Observer Design of Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Xia Jingping , Jiang Bin , Zhang Ke
Published: August 2022

A practical fixed-time fault estimation observer strategy for non-linear systems using an unknown input observer scheme is investigated. The external disturbances of non-linear systems are decoupled by an unknown input observer technique; therefore, the constructed error dynamics do not include these disturbances. The fixed-time fault estimation observer is then constructed. Moreover, a non-linear fault estimator with two power functions is proposed to improve the convergence speed of fault estimation. Finally, simulation results of a non-linear Lorenz chaotic system are provided to demonstrate the feasibility of the presented strategy.
Einstein–Yang–Mills-Aether Theory with Nonlinear Axion Field: Decay of Color Aether and the Axionic Dark Matter Production
Authors: Balakin Alexander B. , Kiselev Gleb B.
Published: August 2022

We establish a nonlinear version of the SU(N)-symmetric theory, which describes self-consistently the interaction between the gravitational, gauge, vector and pseudoscalar (axion) fields. In the context of this theory the SU(N)-symmetric multiplet of vector fields is associated with the color aether, the decay of which in the early Universe produced the canonic dynamic aether and the axionic dark matter. The SU(N)-symmetric Yang–Mills field, associated with the color aether, forms the source, which transfers the energy of the decaying color aether to the axion field. The nonlinear modification of the model uses explicitly the requirement of discrete symmetry, prescribed by the axion field, and is based on the analogy with a nonlinear physical pendulum. We show that in the framework of this nonlinear regular model, the axion field can grow to an arbitrarily large value, thus explaining the abundance of the axionic dark matter in the Universe.
On Unique Solvability of a Multipoint Boundary Value Problem for Systems of Integro-Differential Equations with Involution
Authors: Usmanov Kairat I. , Turmetov Batirkhan Kh. , Nazarova Kulzina Zh.
Published: August 2022

In this paper, a multipoint boundary value problem for systems of integro-differential equations with involution has been studied. To solve the studied problem, the parameterization method is used. Based on the parametrization method, the studied problem is decomposed into two parts, i.e., into the Cauchy problem and a system of linear equations. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the unique solvability of the studied problem are determined.
Chiral Aziridine Phosphines as Highly Effective Promoters of Asymmetric Rauhut–Currier Reaction
Authors: Buchcic-Szychowska Aleksandra , Leśniak Stanisław , Rachwalski Michał
Published: August 2022

A series of chiral enantiomerically pure aziridines containing a phosphine moiety were synthesized and successfully applied as organocatalysts in asymmetric intramolecular Rauhut–Currier reactions of p-quinone derivatives. The desired chiral phenols were achieved in high chemical yields and with satisfactory values of enantiomeric excess (up to 98% ee, in some cases). The stereochemical course of the title reaction may be controlled by the use of an appropriate enantiomer of the catalyst. The individual enantiomers of the organocatalyst led to the formation of specific enantiomers of the chiral product.
Fractional Numerical Simulation of Coupled Approximate Long Wave and Modified Boussinesq Equations Involving Mittag-Leffler Kernel
Authors: Alderremy Aisha Abdullah
Published: August 2022

This study examines approximate long wave and the modified Boussinesq equations, as well as their complexities with the Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative operator in the Caputo sense. The analytical solution of the aforementioned model is discussed using the Elzaki transform and the Adomian decomposition method. These problems are indispensable for defining the characteristics of surface water waves by applying a particular relationship of dispersion. We used Elzaki transformation on time-fractional approximate long wave and modified Boussinesq equations, followed by inverse Elzaki transformation, to achieve the results of the equations. To validate the methodology, we concentrated on two systems and compared them to the actual solutions. The numerical and graphical results demonstrate that the proposed method is computationally precise and straightforward for investigating and resolving fractionally coupled nonlinear phenomena that occur in scientific and technological.
Edge Domination and Incidence Domination in Vague Incidence Graphs and Its Application
Authors: Aadal Praveen Barti , Ganesan Deepa
Published: August 2022

In this article, we present a novel framework for edge domination in vague incidence graphs (VIG). We introduce the notion of certain types of vague incidence graphs and extend the concepts of dominations into edge and incidence domination in VIG. In particular, we propose the idea of order, size in VIG, isolated vertex, and cardinalities related to a dominating set. Additionally, the strong and weak domination for VIG were obtained and discussed with some theorems to support the context. We also initiate some definitions of edge domination and incidence domination on VIG and propose a model for the application of edge and incidence domination on VIG.
A Note on a Minimal Irreducible Adjustment Pagerank
Authors: Feng Yuehua , Dong Yongxin , You Jianxin
Published: August 2022

The stochastic modification and irreducible modification in PageRank produce large web link changes correspondingly. To get a minimal irreducible web link adjustment, a PageRank model of minimal irreducible adjustment and its lumping method are discussed by Li, Chen, and Song. In this paper, we provide alternative proofs for the minimal irreducible PageRank by a new type of similarity transformation matrices. To further provide theorems and fast algorithms on a reduced matrix, an 4×4 block matrix partition case of the minimal irreducible PageRank model is utilized and analyzed. For some real applications of our results, a lumping algorithm used for speeding up PageRank vector computations is also presented. Numerical results are also reported to show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Symmetry in Renewable Energy and Power Systems II—Including Wind Energy and Fluid Energy
Authors: Alcayde Alfredo , Manzano-Agugliaro Francisco
Published: August 2022

This Special Issue has focused on symmetry in renewable energy and energy systems II—including wind energy and fluid power [...]
Unlicensed Spectrum Allocation for LTE and Wi-Fi Coexistence with HAP
Authors: Lai Wei Kuang , Shieh Chin-Shiuh , Lin Yuh-Chung , Tsai Chun-Yi , Yan Yu-Dai
Published: August 2022

In order to accommodate the ever-increasing traffic demands, numerous approaches have been developed to improve spectrum utilization. Among others, the coexistence of LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and Wi-Fi, addressed by the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) with hyper access points (HAPs) as bridges, is well recognized as a promising candidate solution. Aimed at improving the spectrum utilization of the unlicensed bands by following LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U), this article contributes to the determination of the optimal time ratio, δ, for the time-division multiplexing of LTE and Wi-Fi over unlicensed bands. Symmetric allocation with a duty cycle of 50% cannot be an optimal option. Asymmetric allocation according to the quality of service (QoS) requirements and traffic demands should be considered. The problem is formulated as an optimization problem optimizing the total throughput. The lower and upper bounds of δ are obtained according to the QoS requirements of Wi-Fi and the admission control requirements of LTE. The detailed procedure for finding an adequate δ is developed and presented. A series of simulations are conducted to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach. Simulation results show that the proposed approach improves the total throughput without compromising the fairness of Wi-Fi, as intended. Ten percent of improvement in throughput compared with LTE-U can be achieved.
Optimization of the Decision-Making System for Advertising Strategies of Small Enterprises—Focusing on Company A
Authors: Jeong Jihoon , Hong Dongchul , Youm Sekyoung
Published: August 2022

In the post-COVID-19 era, the founding rates of micro enterprises and startups will increase due to the low youth employment rates and increased retirement of baby boomers. Therefore, the portion of small enterprises among all enterprises is expected to grow. The rapid change in consumption patterns due to the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the entry of small enterprises into the online advertising market. However, advertising costs spent in running the businesses are taking up a large portion of their sales budgets due to intense competition and various advertising platforms. This study examines the decision-making system to optimize advertising expenditures considering the difference in advertising costs depending on various media types and keywords based on limited advertising budgets for stable management of small enterprises. To this end, this study modeled the advertising system of small enterprise A (Company A) with system dynamics and used the Java-based simulation software AnyLogic. Through simulation modeling, we conducted optimization analysis of two scenarios, maximum buyers and minimum advertising costs, in the post-COVID-19 era. Based on the results, this study forecast the conditions for optimization of decision-making in each advertising platform.
A Federated Mixed Logit Model for Personal Mobility Service in Autonomous Transportation Systems
Authors: You Linlin , He Junshu , Zhao Juanjuan , Xie Jiemin
Published: August 2022

Looking ahead to the future-stage autonomous transportation system (ATS), personal mobility service (PMS) aims to provide the recommended travel options based on both microscopic individual travel demand and the macroscopic supply system objectives. Such a goal relies on massive heterogeneous data to interpret and predict user travel intentions, facing the challenges caused by prevalent centralized approaches, such as an unbalanced utilization rate between cloud and edge, and data privacy. To fill the gap, we propose a federated logit model (FMXL), for estimating user preferences, which integrates a discrete choice model—the mixed logit model (MXL), with a novel decentralized learning paradigm—federated learning (FL). FMXL supports PMS by (1) respectively performing local and global estimation at the client and server to optimize the load, (2) collaboratively approximating the posterior of the standard mixed logit model through a continuous interaction mechanism, and (3) flexibly configuring two specific global estimation methods (sampling and aggregation) to accommodate different estimation scenarios. Moreover, the predicted rates of FMXL are about 10% higher compared to a flat logit model in both static and dynamic estimation. Meanwhile, the estimation time has been reduced by about 40% compared to a centralized MXL model. Our model can not only protect user privacy and improve the utilization of edge resources but also significantly improve the accuracy and timeliness of recommendations, thus enhancing the performance of PMS in ATS.
Stability Analysis of Low-Carbon Technology Innovation Cooperation under a Reward and Punishment Mechanism
Authors: Wang Min , He Runxin , Ren Kai , He Youshi , Zhou Jianya
Published: August 2022

In this study, we constructed a tripartite evolutionary game model for a large-scale enterprise (A), a small-scale enterprise (B), and a government, based on finite rationality and information asymmetry. First, we investigated and analyzed the stakeholders of low-carbon technology innovation (LCTI) and constructed a tripartite evolutionary game model. Then, we analyzed the conditions for the stability of different equilibrium points. Finally, we carried out numerical simulations using MATLAB 2020b to analyze the evolutionary processes and patterns of the different parameters. We found that the government’s strategic choice is always to participate in LCTI, which is conducive to a healthy LCTI environment. Governments can participate in LCTI consortiums through policy-driven reward and punishment mechanisms. Our simulation demonstrated that the size of enterprises influences their choice of LCTI strategy, and government reward and punishment mechanisms influence both large and small firms. Large firms are more prepared to accept the risks of LCTI and maintain a reciprocal LCTI strategy even in a high-cost scenario, while small firms are more sensitive to the costs and benefits. Thus, government reward and punishment mechanisms should take full account of small-scale enterprises. We propose a sound reward and punishment mechanism for LCTI that limits the opportunistic behavior of enterprises. Therefore, this paper is a complement to theories such as innovation systems and provides new thinking for low-carbon technology innovation cooperation of enterprises. Meanwhile, the reward and punishment mechanism proposed in this paper has important practical value for the government.
Deoxynivalenol Degradation by Various Microbial Communities and Its Impacts on Different Bacterial Flora
Authors: Cai Chenggang , Zhao Miaomiao , Yao Feng , Zhu Ruiyu , Cai Haiying , Shao Suqin , Li Xiu-Zhen , Zhou Ting
Published: August 2022

Deoxynivalenol, a mycotoxin that may present in almost all cereal products, can cause huge economic losses in the agriculture industry and seriously endanger food safety and human health. Microbial detoxifications using microbial consortia may provide a safe and effective strategy for DON mitigation. In order to study the interactions involving DON degradation and change in microbial flora, four samples from different natural niches, including a chicken stable (expJ), a sheep stable (expY), a wheat field (expT) and a horse stable (expM) were collected and reacted with purified DON. After being co-incubated at 30 °C with 130 rpm shaking for 96 h, DON was reduced by 74.5%, 43.0%, 46.7%, and 86.0% by expJ, expY, expT, and expM, respectively. After DON (0.8 mL of 100 μg/mL) was co-cultivated with 0.2 mL of the supernatant of each sample (i.e., suspensions of microbial communities) at 30 °C for 96 h, DON was reduced by 98.9%, 99.8%, 79.5%, and 78.9% in expJ, expY, expT, and expM, respectively, and was completely degraded after 8 days by all samples except of expM. DON was confirmed being transformed into de-epoxy DON (DOM-1) by the microbial community of expM. The bacterial flora of the samples was compared through 16S rDNA flux sequencing pre- and post the addition of DON. The results indicated that the diversities of bacterial flora were affected by DON. After DON treatment, the most abundant bacteria belong to Galbibacter (16.1%) and Pedobacter (8.2%) in expJ; Flavobacterium (5.9%) and Pedobacter (5.5%) in expY; f_Microscillaceae (13.5%), B1-7BS (13.4%), and RB41 (10.5%) in expT; and Acinetobacter (24.1%), Massilia (8.8%), and Arthrobacter (7.6%) in expM. This first study on the interactions between DON and natural microbial flora provides useful information and a methodology for further development of microbial consortia for mycotoxin detoxifications.
Editorial of Modified Theories of Gravity and Cosmological Applications
Authors: Stavrinos Panayiotis , Saridakis Emmanuel
Published: August 2022

General Relativity is a theory of gravity that describes some of the effects of gravity with high accuracy, such as solar system tests, gravitational lensing, gravitational waves, black holes, deflection angle, etc [...]
Zika Virus (ZIKV): A New Perspective on the Nanomechanical and Structural Properties
Authors: de Araujo Dorneles Maria Luiza , Cardoso-Lima Ruana , Souza Pedro Filho Noronha , Santoro Rosa Daniela , Magne Tais Monteiro , Santos-Oliveira Ralph , Alencar Luciana Magalhães Rebelo
Published: August 2022

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) from Flavivirus. In 2015, Brazil and other Latin American countries experienced an outbreak of ZIKV infections associated with severe neurological disorders such as Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS), encephalopathy, and encephalitis. Here, a complete mechanical and structural analysis of the ZIKV has been performed using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). AFM analysis corroborated the virus mean size (~50 nm) and icosahedral geometry and revealed high mechanical resistance of both: the viral surface particle (~200 kPa) and its internal content (~800 kPa). The analysis demonstrated the detailed organization of the nucleocapsid structure (such as RNA strips). An interesting finding was the discovery that ZIKV has no surface self-assembling property. These results can contribute to the development of future treatment candidates and circumscribe the magnitude of viral transmission.
Extinction of the Influenza B Yamagata Line during the COVID Pandemic—Implications for Vaccine Composition
Authors: Vajo Zoltan , Torzsa Peter
Published: August 2022

Vaccination remains the most effective way to mitigate the enormous burden of influenza on the health care system [...]
Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine Compared with Hybrid Immunity in Populations Prioritized and Non-Prioritized for COVID-19 Vaccination in 2021–2022: A Naturalistic Case-Control Study in Sweden
Authors: Spreco Armin , Dahlström Örjan , Jöud Anna , Nordvall Dennis , Fagerström Cecilia , Blomqvist Eva , Gustafsson Fredrik , Hinkula Jorma , Schön Thomas , Timpka Toomas
Published: August 2022

The term hybrid immunity is used to denote the immunological status of vaccinated individuals with a history of natural infection. Reports of new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern motivate continuous rethought and renewal of COVID-19 vaccination programs. We used a naturalistic case-control study design to compare the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine to hybrid immunity 180 days post-vaccination in prioritized and non-prioritized populations vaccinated before 31 July 2021 in three Swedish counties (total population 1,760,000). Subjects with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test recorded within 6 months before vaccination (n = 36,247; 6%) were matched to vaccinated-only controls. In the prioritized population exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 Alpha and Delta variants post-vaccination, the odds ratio (OR) for breakthrough infection was 2.2 (95% CI, 1.6–2.8; p < 0.001) in the vaccinated-only group compared with the hybrid immunity group, while in the later vaccinated non-prioritized population, the OR decreased from 4.3 (95% CI, 2.2–8.6; p < 0.001) during circulation of the Delta variant to 1.9 (95% CI, 1.7–2.1; p < 0.001) with the introduction of the Omicron variant (B.1.617.2). We conclude that hybrid immunity provides gains in protection, but that the benefits are smaller for risk groups and with circulation of the Omicron variant and its sublineages.
Factors Influencing Parental and Individual COVID-19 Vaccine Decision Making in a Pediatric Network
Authors: Shen Angela K. , Browne Safa , Srivastava Tuhina , Michel Jeremy J. , Tan Andy S. L. , Kornides Melanie L.
Published: August 2022

Aspects of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign differed from routine vaccines, including emergency use authorizations, the prioritization of access, and the politicization of messaging. Subsequently, many parents reported lower vaccine confidence relative to routine vaccines, and vaccination coverage stalled below targets. This study aimed to understand parental vaccine decision making and compare COVID-19 versus routine vaccine decision making. We conducted nine virtual focus groups between 25 February 2022–11 March 2022 with parents (n = 41) of the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia’s patients, recruited via email and stratified by vaccine hesitancy status (non-hesitant vs. hesitant). Transcripts were analyzed using the vaccine hesitancy matrix domains. Of 41 total participants, 25 (61.0%) were non-hesitant, 16 (39.0%) were hesitant or their children were not up-to-date on adolescent vaccines, and most self-identified as female (95.1%) and White/Caucasian (61.0%). Most participants (87.5%) were fully vaccinated against COVID-19 and many of their first children (n = 26, 63.4%) were vaccinated against influenza. Several themes emerged regarding decision making: individual influences, group influences, vaccine and vaccine program influences, and contextual influences. While some influences were similar for routine and COVID-19 vaccine decision making (e.g., needing evidence-based information), other factors were vaccine- or situation-specific. Building trust requires a multi-faceted concerted effort that involves addressing the complex vaccine decision-making process.
Factors Contributing to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Hesitancy of Hispanic Population in Rio Grande Valley
Authors: Bikaki Athina , Machiorlatti Michael , Clark Loren Cliff , Robledo Candace A. , Kakadiaris Ioannis A.
Published: August 2022

Hispanic communities have been disproportionately affected by economic disparities. These inequalities have put Hispanics at an increased risk for preventable health conditions. In addition, the CDC reports Hispanics to have 1.5× COVID-19 infection rates and low vaccination rates. This study aims to identify the driving factors for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy of Hispanic survey participants in the Rio Grande Valley. Our analysis used machine learning methods to identify significant associations between medical, economic, and social factors impacting the uptake and willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. A combination of three classification methods (i.e., logistic regression, decision trees, and support vector machines) was used to classify observations based on the value of the targeted responses received and extract a robust subset of factors. Our analysis revealed different medical, economic, and social associations that correlate to other target population groups (i.e., males and females). According to the analysis performed on males, the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) value was 0.972. An MCC score of 0.805 was achieved by analyzing females, while the analysis of males and females achieved 0.797. Specifically, several medical, economic factors, and sociodemographic characteristics are more prevalent in vaccine-hesitant groups, such as asthma, hypertension, mental health problems, financial strain due to COVID-19, gender, lack of health insurance plans, and limited test availability.
Acute Polyserositis with Cardiac Tamponade and Bilateral Refractory Pleural Effusion after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccination
Authors: Li Guan-Yi , Lee Chang-Ching , Huang Chin-Chou
Published: August 2022

The association of SARS-CoV-2 messenger ribonucleic acid vaccines with pericarditis in young adults has been reported. However, data regarding other types of vaccines are extremely limited. We presented a 94-year-old man with rapidly progressive dyspnea and fatigue six days after his first ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. Impending cardiac tamponade and bilateral pleural effusion were found. Hence, massive yellowish pericardial and pleural effusion were drained. However, the pleural effusion persisted and pigtail catheters were inserted bilaterally. After serial studies including surgical pleural biopsy, acute polyserositis (pericarditis and pleurisy) was diagnosed. Anti-inflammatory treatment with colchicine and prednisolone was administered. All effusions resolved accordingly. This rare case sheds light on the presentation of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine-related acute polyserositis. In conclusion, awareness of this potential adverse event may facilitate the diagnosis for unexplained pericardial or pleural effusion after vaccination.
Attitudes and Perceptions of University Students in Healthcare Settings towards Vaccines and Vaccinations Strategies during the COVID-19 Pandemic Period in Italy
Authors: Bechini Angela , Vannacci Alfredo , Crescioli Giada , Lombardi Niccolò , Del Riccio Marco , Albora Giuseppe , Shtylla Jonida , Masoni Marco , Guelfi Maria Renza , Bonanni Paolo , Boccalini Sara
Published: August 2022

Background: Healthcare students that refuse to get vaccinated may expose themselves and their patients to several vaccine-preventable diseases, especially during outbreaks or at peak epidemic activity, becoming a threat to themselves and their patients. This study aimed to assess their attitudes towards and perception of vaccines and vaccination. Methods: An anonymous questionnaire was shared with medical students, pharmacy students and medical residents in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine at the University of Florence (Italy), in February 2021. The questionnaire contained 39 questions with open, multi-choice, yes–no, Likert scale answers. A Vaccine Hesitancy Index (VHI) was then calculated. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Results: A total of 473 students participated in this study. All students were in favour of vaccination (99.2%) but a relatively low number of participants judged their level of knowledge about vaccinations as “good” (21.8%) or “excellent” (0.6%). About half of students declared that they are not adequately trained during their academic courses. The VHI showed low levels of vaccine hesitancy (mean ± SD 0.38 ± 0.16); moreover, the students were willing to get vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 when recommended (88.2%) and thought that these vaccines are generally safe. Few students considered the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines (13.1%) and the procedures for evaluating clinical trials for marketing authorisation of these vaccines (12.9%) too fast to guarantee their efficacy and safety. Conclusions: Since vaccination and vaccine hesitancy and acceptance topics are being paid increasing attention by the population, new strategies to increase future healthcare professionals’ willingness to promote vaccination and get vaccinated, as well as knowledge on vaccines and vaccination, will be of the utmost importance to fight vaccine preventable diseases.
On the Infectious Causes of Neonatal Piglet Diarrhoea—A Review
Authors: Jacobson Magdalena
Published: August 2022

The aim of this paper is to review current knowledge on the relationship between presumptive infectious agents and neonatal porcine diarrhoea (NPD). The literature provides information on the rationale for this causation, including the first mention, main understandings gained with respect to, e.g., pathogenesis, and the knowledge to date on the specific relationships. Further, surveys on the presence and relative importance of these pathogens in NPD are included and the methodology used to identify the causation are discussed.
Sanitary Sewerage Master Plan for the Sustainable Use of Wastewater on a University Campus
Authors: Merchán-Sanmartín Bethy , Carrión-Mero Paul , Suárez-Zamora Sebastián , Aguilar-Aguilar Maribel , Cruz-Cabrera Omar , Hidalgo-Calva Katherine , Morante-Carballo Fernando
Published: August 2022

Wastewater collection, transport, and treatment systems are essential to ensure human and environmental well-being. The Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), has been implementing various sanitary sewerage systems; however, population growth has given rise to discussion on the installed capacity versus the necessary capacity for the future population in the sustainable management of water resources. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a sanitary sewerage master plan by analysing the existing situation and applying technical criteria for the sustainable use of wastewater on a university campus. The methodology consisted of (i) evaluation and diagnosis of the area studied through data collection and processing, (ii) design of the sanitary sewerage system considering area-expansion zones, and (iii) SWOT analysis of a proposal to enhance wastewater transport and treatment systems. The proposal contemplates designing a sanitary sewer system that will manage the collection, transport, and treatment of wastewater over 15 years for 5667 inhabitants located in three expansion zones with occupation periods of 5, 10, and 15 years. The sewerage system comprises a pipe network 1.19 km long and 200 mm in diameter, transporting 12.37 L/s of wastewater generated to two treatment systems that guarantee efficient depuration and subsequent reuse. This design was complemented by a SWOT analysis of the existing sanitation system developed by experts in the area, which included optimising existing treatment systems and reusing wastewater for irrigation of green areas as tertiary treatment within the circular economy. The methodology used in the study allows us to offer a tool for efficiently managing wastewater on a university campus, guaranteeing human well-being, and promoting the circular economy of water.