bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ECO-ETIKA DALAM BUDAYA MANUGAL DAYAK NGAJU (Tinjauan Ekologis Berdasarkan Ensiklik Laudato Si Art. 139)
Authors: Hendra Agustinus , Aji Marseda Ipolmi
Published: July 2022

ABSTRAKStudi ini menaruh perhatian pada budaya Manugal Dayak Ngaju dalam korelasinya dengan etika lingkungan yang terdapat dalam Dokumen Laudato Si Art. 139-140. Budaya Manugal Dayak Ngaju mengandung banyak nilai dan makna kehidupan. Nilai itu di antaranya adalah eco-etika. Tujuan studi ini ialah untuk menemukan bahwa terdapat nilai dan makna eco-etika yang menjadi pegangan masyarakat Dayak Ngaju dalam mempersiapkan dan membuka lahan. Dalam proses Manugal, masyarakat Dayak selalu menjunjung nilai kebersamaan (Handep) sehingga tidak hanya terdapat nilai etik manusia dan alam saja, tepi juga nilai etik antara manusia dengan sesama dalam hal moral untuk saling membantu. Nilai ini jugalah yang akan digali dalam studi ini. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam studi ini adalah metodologi kualitatif kepustakaan yang membahas tema berdasarkan buku-buku dan penelitian-penelitian terdahulu. Penulis mengumpulkan dan menganalisa sumber-sumber buku, artikel tentang Manugal, dan ajaran-ajaran ekologis dalam Laudato Si untuk sampai pada temuan akan nilai eco-etika dalam budaya Manugal Dayak Ngaju. Temuan dari studi ini ialah bahwa budaya Manugal mengandung nilai eco-etika. Nilai ini telah dihidupi juga oleh masyarakat Dayak Ngaju. Meski sering tidak disadari, Manugal telah menjadi sebuah kegiatan yang di dalamnya terkandung nilai yang penting bagi manusia dan alam.Kata Kunci: Manugal, Budaya, Eco-etika, Dayak Ngaju.
Taking Stock of the COVID-19 Working Conditions on the Performance of the Interpreters: Rendering the Numbers in the 2020 American Presidential Debates
Authors: ARZİK ERZURUMLU Özüm , DEMİR Perihan
Published: July 2022

The paper investigates the rendition of numbers in the first American Presidential Debates from English into Turkish for two broadcasting institutions. Comparing the source and target texts, we examine the rendition of numbers under the COVID-19 working conditions. In an attempt to address this question, semi-structured interviews with the interpreters of the Presidential Debates are corroborated with corpus analysis. The findings seem to suggest that numbers were either omitted or misinterpreted to a large extent in an atmosphere different from face-to-face working conditions. In conclusion, the paper shows that the interpreters’ inability to assist each other exacerbated the error rate as the interpreters did not prioritize numbers over other components of interpreting.
Effective Strategic Decision-Making and Strategic Decision Makers’ Characteristics: The Role of Cognitive Diversity and Complexity
Authors: Eromafunu Godbless Edward , Akpoyibo Godspower , Isaac Akpevwe Power
Published: July 2022

This study examines the effect of strategic decision makers’ characteristic dimensions on effective strategic decision-making in some selected government agencies/commissions in Delta State, Nigeria. These dimensions include cognitive diversity and cognitive complexity of decision makers. To achieve this, specific objectives with corresponding hypotheses were formulated. Primary data were therefore obtained through self-structured instruments (questionnaire) that was validated and pilot-tested. From a population of 290 employees of government constituted boards of selected agencies and commissions, a sample size of 168 respondents was drawn via the Taro Yamane formula. Questionnaires were designed to elicit reactions of respondents relating to the various variables of concerns. Findings of the study established that, there is a significant positive relationship between strategic decision maker’s cognitive diversity and effective strategic decision making, however, no relationship found between strategic decision maker’s cognitive complexity and effective strategic decision making within the selected government agencies/commission, but when regressed alongside cognitive diversity, positive correlation exist. It was therefore concluded that, individual strategic decision maker with both characteristics is hoped to do well in strategic decision engagement. In the light of this study results and conclusion, it was recommended amongst other things that, if organization management is to appraise decision maker’s characteristics as a basis to ascertain efficacy and effectiveness in decision making process and situations, priority attention should be given to both cognitive diversity and complexity characteristics.
Translation Challenges Facing University Students a Case Study: EFL Students at Ajloun National University
Authors: Al.Sobh Mahmoud A.
Published: July 2022

This study aims at identifying the main translation challenges that face EFL students as well as investigating students' attitudes towards learning translation at Ajloun National University (ANU). The researcher used a quantitative research method. A total of 57 (male and female) (EFL) students responded to an online questionnaire consisting of 20 items. The results of this study revealed that EFL students at ANU had positive attitudes towards learning the translation course. The results also showed that a considerable number of students had difficulties translating texts from Arabic into English and vice versa. Moreover, the study recommended that the number of translation courses at universities should be increased, since one translation course is not enough to provide students with high-quality practice and knowledge to deal with translating texts correctly.
Cardiac effects of Sugammadex and Rocuronium combination in rats: experimental study
Authors: DOĞUKAN Mevlüt , YILMAZ Nezir , ANNAÇ Ebru , DOĞAN Zümrüt , ÜÇKARDEŞ Fatih , ULUDAG Öznur
Published: July 2022

Aim: In this experimental study, it was aimed to examine the effects of rocuronium and sugammadex complex on cardiac muscle cells in rats histopathologically and biochemically.

Matherial and Method: 32 adult Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into four groups with 8 in each group. Group 1 consisted of animals that did not undergo surgical treatment. Group 2 received a volume equivalent to 16 mg/kg sugammadex with 0.9% intravenous saline. Group 3 received 16 mg/kg of intravenous sugammadex. Group 4, 1 mg/kg intravenous rocuronium and 16 mg/kg intravenous sugammadex were administered to rats. After the procedure completed GSH and MDA level evaluated biochemically; and heart tissue evaluated histopathologically.

Results: In group 4, connective tissue edema between muscle fibers was observed to be significantly increased, vessel dilatation and hemorrhagic areas were observed. Groups 3 and 4 were found to cause an increase in GSH level when compared to Groups 1 and 2, and a decrease in MDA level in these two groups compared to the others.

Conclusion: Although sugammadex and sugammadex-rocuronıum complex cause biochemical and histopathological effect on the heart tissue, there were no irreversible histopathologic changes and no significant biochemical difference found in this study.
Relationship between lipid profile and monocyte to highdensity lipoprotein ratio with disease severity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients
Authors: BULUT Sertan , KARAMANLI Harun , ERAYMAN ÖZEN Zeynep , TAHHAN Metin , BİBER Çiğdem
Published: July 2022

Aim: To examine lipid profile and monocyte to high density lipoprotein ratio ratio (MHR) values in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.

Material and Method: Patients admitted to our hospital with the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) between 01.01.2014 - 01.01.2020 were included in the study and evaluated retrospectively. According to the COPD guideline, two main groups were formed as A+B and C+D. Demographic characteristics, hemogram, C-Reaktif protein (CRP), albumin, lipid profile values were analyzed.

Result: In our study, there were 360 cases, 293 (81.4%) of which were male. The mean age was 67.61±8.7 years. There were 162 cases (45%) in the A+B group and 198 (55%) in the C+D group.White blood cell (WBC) , neutrophil, lymphocyte, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocytes, hemoglobin, CRP, Albumin, high density lipoprotein (HDL), monocyte to HDL ratio (MHR) were found to be different at the level of statistical significance, while cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were not at this level of significance. When evaluated with multivariate regression analysis afterwards, it was observed that the statistical significance levels of MHR, CRP and albumin values continued.

Conclusion: We think that high MHR rate, high CRP, and low albumin values in stable COPD patients may be a stimulant for increased disease severity.
Pharyngcutaneous fistula after total laryngectomy: treatment modalities and our experiences
Authors: TUNÇCAN Tuncay , KILIÇ Caner
Published: July 2022

Aim: The aim of this study is to share our experience and treatment modalities in pharyngocutaneous fistulas that can be seen after primary and post-radiotherapy salvage total laryngectomy.

Material and Method: The records of patients who underwent total laryngectomy in our clinic between February 2012 and December 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. The patients’ age, preoperative radiotherapy history, postoperative fistula development, gastrostomy opening, treatment modality, and hospital stay were examined.

Results: A total of 115 patients, 81 of whom were primary and 34 of whom had a history of radiotherapy, were evaluated in the study. Pharyngocutaneous fistula developed in a total of 20 patients in 10 primary patients and 10 patients with a history of preoperative radiotherapy. The mean hospital stay was 10 days for patients who did not develop fistula. The mean hospital stay was 27 days between days 21 and 36 in primary patients with fistula, and it was 46 days between days 34 and 68 in patients with a history of radiotherapy who developed fistula. While only 1 of the primary patients underwent reconstruction with a pectoralis major muscle flap because the fistula did not close despite local dressing and local skin flaps, this number was 7 in patients with a history of radiotherapy.

Conclusion: The presence of a history of radiotherapy before total laryngectomy increases the risk of laryngocutaneous fistula development, increases the need for myocutaneous flaps, and increases the length of hospital stay, resulting in increased comorbidity. Pharyngocutaneous fistula development is neither an important comorbidity nor religion.
Systemic immune inflammation index: is it a new marker for contrast-induced nephropathy?
Authors: KETENCİLER Serkan , ADA Sibel
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Worldwide, >200 million patients are affected by peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and endovascular interventional treatments are increasingly being applied. Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is the third most common cause of renal failure in hospitals. However, factors such as renal vasoconstriction, decrease in renal blood flow, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress have been suggested in the etiology of CIN. Studies are showing that inflammatory markers increase in CIN. Systemic immune inflammation index (SII), a newly defined parameter, is calculated by multiplying the platelet and lymphocyte counts and dividing by the neutrophil count. Studies are showing that this parameter influences prognosis in various cancer types. Considering that inflammation may play a role in CIN, we planned this study to investigate the role of SII in patients undergoing percutaneous peripheral vascular interventions.
Material and Method: 300 patients who underwent percutaneous peripheral vascular interventions between August 2018-December 2021 due to peripheral arterial disease were included in the study. The data of the patients were scanned retrospectively from the patient files. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was calculated by dividing the neutrophil count by the lymphocyte count. SII was found by multiplying NLR with platelet count
Results: Contrast-induced nephropathy developed in 41 (12.3%) patients. CIN(+) patients also, had higher CRP levels (5.1±0.7vs 2.4±0.4,P<0.05), NLR (4.07±1.07vs 2.65±0.84, P<.005), SII score (1778±627.57vs 867.14±491.88, P<.005.) the contrast media used was also higher in CIN(+) patients (176.19±48.44 vs 128.72±48.44;P<0.05) Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that a high SII score was an independent predictor of development of CIN (odds ratio [OR]: 1.002, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.001-1.002, P<.0005) together with high NLR (OR: 3.56, 95% CI: 1.905-6.675, P<.005) and CRP (OR: 1.002, 95% CI: 1.001-1.002, P<.005 Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that the best cutoff value of 1224 for SII to predict the development of CIN with 85% sensitivity and 72% specificity (area under ROC curve 0.904 [95% CI: 0.866-0.942], P<.005).
Conclusion: Imbalance in inflammatory cells, the increase in neutrophils, and the decrease in lymphocytes play a role in developing kidney damage. Impaired immune functions due to lymphocytopenia contribute to the development of acute kidney injury. Oxidative stress exacerbates the inflammatory state by increasing inflammatory cell infiltration. AS a result, SII may be a powerful predictor of inflammation and can be used to determine the risk before interventional procedures.
Management of difficult bile duct stones with temporary plastic stent and ursodeoxycholic acid treatment: 5 years of experience
Authors: DURAN Ali , ÇALTA Alparslan Fedayi
Published: July 2022

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of temporary plastic stenting and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment on difficult choledochal stones that cannot be removed by basic ERCP techniques in patients who applied to our clinic with occlusion and underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

Material and Method: Patients were scanned retrospectively using the hospital database. Patients who underwent ERCP due to malignancy, biliary tract injury and benign strictures were excluded from the study. 61 patients who were not successful with basic ERCP techniques such as endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) and mechanical lithotripsy (ML) were included in the study. 750 mg/day UDCA was given to the patients for three months and plastic stent was applied. After the treatment, ERCP was tried again.

Results: Among the patients who underwent stent+UDCA, three (4.9%) patients had perioperative bleeding, one (1.6%) patient had peroperative perforation, four (6.6%) patients had postoperative pancreatitis, and one (1.6%) patient had mortality. The mean hospital stay was 1.96±2.1 days. Post-procedure total bilirubin and direct bilirubin values were observed to be lower than before the procedure (respectively, p
Evaluation of survival outcomes and prognostic factors in acinic cell carcinomas of the parotid gland receiving adjuvant radiotherapy
Authors: DUZOVA Mursel , AKIN Mustafa
Published: July 2022

Aim: To evaluate the survival outcomes and prognostic factors in acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland, a retrospective study was designed.
Material and Method: Consecutive patients diagnosed with parotid acinic cell carcinoma and treated with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy were retrospectively reviewed. Data regarding age, sex, TNM stage, pathologic characteristics, treatment details, and follow-up examinations were collected and analysed. The primary end-point was overall survival; the distant metastasis free survival was calculated from the date of surgery to the date of death or the latest follow-up examination and analysed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Independent prognostic factors were evaluated by the Cox proportional hazards method.
Results: Between years of 2010-2020, two radiotherapy centers’ database were reviewed. A total of 32 patients were included. The median age was 55 years (35-80 years). Four-teen (43.75%) were male and 18 (56.25%) were female. Median follow-up was 44 months (8-120). Seven (21.9%) were in T1, 7 (21.9%) in T2, 6 (18.8%) in T3 and 12 (37.5%) in T4 at the time of diagnosis. In all cohort, 6 (18.8%) of them had lymph node metastasis. The 2-year and 5-year OS rates were 92.6% and 78.5%, locoregional recurrence-free survival rates were 100% and 89.1%, distant metastasis free survival rates were 85.9% and 85.9%, respectively. Locoregional recurrence detected in 2 (6.25%), distant metastases detected in 4 (12.5%) patients. All distant metastases detected in the lungs. Univariate analysis showed that age, gender, margin status, T stage, facial nerve involvement, lymphovascular invasion, and perineural invasion were not significantly related to overall survival (all p>0.05). Lymph node involvement (p<0.013) and grade (p<0.006) were the only significant prognostic factors for OS. In multivariate analysis, both lymph node involvement (p<0.050) and grade (p<0.028) remained the significant prognostic factors.
Conclusion: In acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland, high-grade histology and node positivity are independent variables that affect OS. Since survival is lower in these patient groups, it is imperative to explore other treatment options in addition to adjuvant radiotherapy.
Effect of preoperative hypoalbuminemia on postoperative mortality and morbidity in liver transplant surgery
Authors: YILMAZ Nezir , YEREBAKAN AKESEN Selcan , GURBET Alp
Published: July 2022

Aim: In this study, it isaimed to retrospectively evaluatethe effect of serum albumin levels on postoperative mortality and morbidity in patients with end-stage liver failure with hypoalbuminemia who underwent follow-up liver transplant surgery.

Material and Method: After the approval of the ethics committee, the patients who underwent liver transplant surgery between April 2011 and September 2016 were divided into two groups as with preoperative albumin values
Finding Quasars behind the Galactic Plane. II. Spectroscopic Identifications of 204 Quasars at ∣b∣ < 20°
Authors: Fu Yuming , Wu Xue-Bing , Jiang Linhua , Zhang Yanxia , Huo Zhi-Ying , Ai Y. L. , Yang Qian , Ma Qinchun , Feng Xiaotong , Joshi Ravi , Hon Wei Jeat , Wolf Christian , Li Jiang-Tao , Jin Jun-Jie , Yao Su , Pang Yuxuan , Wang Jian-Guo , Lu Kai-Xing , Wang Chuan-Jun , Zheng Jie , Xu Liang , Yu Xiao-Guang , Lun Bao-Li , Zuo Pei
Published: July 2022

Quasars behind the Galactic plane (GPQs) are important astrometric references and valuable probes of Galactic gas, yet the search for GPQs is difficult due to severe extinction and source crowding in the Galactic plane. In this paper, we present a sample of 204 spectroscopically confirmed GPQs at ∣b∣ < 20°, 191 of which are new discoveries. This GPQ sample covers a wide redshift range from 0.069 to 4.487. For the subset of 230 observed GPQ candidates, the lower limit of the purity of quasars is 85.2%, and the lower limit of the fraction of stellar contaminants is 6.1%. Using a multicomponent spectral fitting, we measure the emission line and continuum flux of the GPQs, and estimate their single-epoch virial black hole masses. Due to selection effects raised from Galactic extinction and target magnitude, these GPQs have higher black hole masses and continuum luminosities in comparison to the SDSS DR7 quasar sample. The spectral-fitting results and black hole mass estimates are compiled into a main spectral catalog, and an extended spectral catalog of GPQs. The successful identifications prove the reliability of both our GPQ selection methods and the GPQ candidate catalog, shedding light on the astrometric and astrophysical programs that make use of a large sample of GPQs in the future.
Complete mitochondrial genomes of two catfishes (Siluriformes, Bagridae) and their phylogenetic implications
Authors: Zhang Renyi , Deng Lei , Lv Xiaomei , Tang Qian
Published: July 2022

The mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) has been widely used as a molecular marker to investigate phylogenetic analysis and evolutionary history in fish. However, the study of mitogenomes is still scarce in the family Bagridae. In this study, the mitogenomes of Tachysurus brachyrhabdion and T. gracilis were sequenced, annotated, and analyzed. The mitogenomes were found to be 16,532 bp and 16,533 bp, respectively, and each contained 37 typical mitochondrial genes, which are 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and a control region. All PCGs begin with the codon ATG, except for the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene, while seven PCGs end with an incomplete termination codon. All tRNA genes can fold into their typical cloverleaf secondary structures, except for tRNASer(AGY), which lacks the dihydrouracil arm. The Ka/Ks ratios for all PCGs are far lower than one. Phylogenetic analyses based on Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) showed that the two clades in Bagridae excluded Rita rita. The monophyly of Tachysurus supports previous research and the traditional classification that Leiocassis, Pseudobagrus, Pelteobagrus, and Tachysurus belong to one genus (Tachysurus). These findings provide a phylogenetic basis for future phylogenetic and taxonomic studies of Bagridae.
Inflammatory bowel disease in Korea: epidemiology and pathophysiology
Authors: Lee Jung Won , Eun Chang Soo
Published: July 2022

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to a group of disorders, including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, that exhibit similar but distinct manifestations. These diseases are characterized by refractory and chronic inflammation of the bowel. IBD is usually accompanied by severe symptoms. When a patient presents with suspected IBD, physicians encounter various challenges in terms of diagnosis and treatment. In addition, given such characteristics, the associated medical expenses gradually increase. Although IBD was formerly known as a disease of Western countries, the incidence and prevalence are increasing in Korea. Korean investigators have accumulated a great deal of knowledge about the regional characteristics and epidemiology of the disease, especially via well-organized, joint cohort studies. Against this background, this article describes the epidemiology of IBD in Korea compared to that in the West. In addition, an overview of the pathophysiology of the disease is provided, focusing on the latest results.
Molecular identification of major bacteria in honey and the effect of microwave treatment on its microbial quality and antibacterial activity
Authors: Jaradat Ziad , Khataybeh Batool , Ghzawi Abdull Majid Al , Ababneh Qutaiba , Al Nabusli Anas
Published: July 2022

The objectives of this study were to assess the microbial quality of honey, evaluate the effect of microwaves on microbial survival, and assess the antibacterial activity of honey. Bacteria, yeast and mold were evaluated in samples before and after microwave treatment. Dominant bacterial contaminants were also identified. The antibacterial activity of honey was assessed against nine pathogens using an agar well diffusion assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined for four honey samples that exhibited the highest antibacterial activity. In addition, one sample of Manuka honey was tested to compare its microbial load as well as its antibacterial activity to local honey samples. Sequencing using 16S rRNA gene was used for the identification of dominant bacteria. The average standard plate count, yeasts and molds were 286.5,161.0 and 25.5 CFU/g, respectively. Microwave treatment decreased microbial populations gradually with increasing power levels and exposure times. The present study indicated that raw honey had a significant antibacterial activity which decreased following microwave treatment. The identity of 125 isolates was confirmed with Bacillus being most frequently isolated.
Mobles e semovents. Animals, estris agrícoles i reutilització al camp valencià tardomedieval
Authors: Furió Antoni
Published: July 2022

En l’article s’estudia la dotació d’animals i d’utillatge agrícola entre els propietaris de terres i particularment els pagesos al País Valencià en la baixa edat mitjana, així com la renovació i reaprofitament dels primers al llarg de la seva vida útil i el reciclatge dels segons. L’estudi es basa en documentació judicial i notarial, fonamentalment en vendes ordenades per la cort i en inventaris post mortem i almonedes. En el cas de les bèsties de treball, s’analitzen els tipus d’animals, els preus, les característiques físiques, la salut i altres elements que intervenen en el preu, la vida útil i la freqüència amb què eren renovats en les explotacions agràries. Quant a l’utillatge, s’examina l’àmplia diversitat d’eines agrícoles, des de l’arada a l’aixada i la corbella, els seus materials de construcció, els seus preus, la seva circulació en el mercat de segona mà i el seu reciclatge i reutilització.
Reutilizar y reciclar. Prácticas cotidianas y modelos de negocio en el Aragón bajomedieval
Authors: Villanueva Morte Concepción , Rodrigo Estevan María Luz
Published: July 2022

La conocida como regla de las tres erres es una práctica extendida en la actualidad para tomar conciencia de que los recursos con los que contamos son escasos. Sin embargo, en la Edad Media estos parámetros formaron parte de la cotidianeidad, ya que el objetivo principal fue, por un lado, alargar el ciclo de vida de los bienes de consumo mediante reparaciones y remodelaciones y, por el otro, reutilizar y reciclar materias y subproductos generados en determinadas actividades industriales y agroganaderas. En esta contribución trataremos de incidir en la capacidad de la sociedad medieval para analizar el entorno con un criterio de circularidad y para desarrollar modelos de negocioque se basaron en la reutilización de bienes como el mercado de objetos de segunda mano, otra actividad secular que ha experimentado un boom en la actualidad al calor de la nueva ética social y medioambiental.
Reciclaje de materiales y reutilización de residuos de labores productivas en la Europa bajomedieval
Authors: Córdoba de la Llave Ricardo
Published: July 2022

El trabajo tiene por objeto abordar el reciclaje de materiales y la reutilización de residuos generados en las labores productivas de la Europa bajomedieval. Está articulado en tres apartados, abordando primero los sistemas empleados para la prolongación de la vida útil de distintos objetos y materiales; en segundo lugar, los métodos usados para el reciclaje de muchos de ellos mediante inserción en un nuevo ciclo productivo, que les permitió formar parte de nuevas obras; y, por último, a examinar cuáles fueron los principales subproductos de la industria medieval, es decir, aquellos materiales de desecho que fueron reutilizados para otras labores de producción. Una breve valoración sobre la importancia de estas prácticas, tanto para la sociedad como para la economía productiva de época medieval, cierra el artículo.
Una seconda chance per le persone e per le cose. I pegni consegnati ai Monti di Pietà alla fine del Medioevo: casi
Authors: Muzzarelli Maria Giuseppina
Published: July 2022

Il Monte di Pietà, banca pubblica cittadina in funzione in Italia a partire dal 1462, realizzava i principi cardine dell’economia circolare: rendere i prodotti quanto più possibile duraturi ed efficienti e conseguentemente ridurre i rifiuti valorizzando anche beni apparentemente non più fruibili che possono invece essere considerati ancora impiegabili. Il Monte accoglieva pegni (frequentemente capi di abbigliamento) dai “poveri meno poveri” e in cambio accordava un piccolo credito. Ciò dava ai clienti dei Monti e agli oggetti consegnati in pegno una seconda chance ed evitava che chi si trovava in difficoltà precipitasse in un irrimediabile stato di povertà.
De las tiendas de la ropa vieja al gremio de aljabibes. Economía circular en la Sevilla de la baja Edad Media
Authors: González Arce José Damián
Published: July 2022

Este trabajo es un estudio de caso sobre cómo, en una gran ciudad bajomedieval castellana, los sistemas productivos y los hábitos de consumo estaban organizados para aprovechar al máximo la vida útil de las manufacturas y las materias primas con las que habían sido elaboradas, a causa de la escasez de recursos predominante en las economías preindustriales. Esto ya no ocurre en la actual sociedad de consumo de masas, donde hace tiempo que se impuso cierta tendencia hacia el despilfarro, frente a la cual han surgido movimientos de concienciación, como el de la economía circular que, como era norma en el mundo medieval, propugna alquilar, reutilizar, reparar, renovar y reciclar materiales y productos existentes todas las veces que sea posible, para crear así valor añadido.
Ropas de ocasión y difusión de las modas en la Valencia del siglo XV
Authors: García Marsilla Juan Vicente
Published: July 2022

El desarrollo de un complejo mercado de segunda mano en una gran ciudad como fue Valencia en la Baja Edad Media sirve aquí para analizar el sector de la indumentaria y establecer cómo, y por qué vías, esas compraventas de ropas usadas sirvieron para hacer llegar a sectores más amplios de la población las nuevas modas que se iban imponiendo desde mediados del siglo XIV. Se trata por tanto de evaluar la importancia del mercado de ocasión en la difusión de un cierto espíritu consumista cuando todavía las fuerzas productivas no se habían desarrollado lo suficiente como para satisfacer esas nuevas demandas.
Les statuettes d’orants suméro-akkadiens : ou comment vivent et meurent les statuettes au pays de Sumer et d’Akkad
Authors: Butterlin Pascal
Published: July 2022

Les statuettes votives d’orants suméro-akkadiens ont fasciné les chercheurs depuis leur découverte dans la première moitié du XXe siècle. On se propose ici de rappeler quels débats a suscités ce peuple de statues au sourire énigmatique, puis à partir de la découverte en 2009 d’une nouvelle série de statuettes à Mari de poser le problème de la vie et de la mort de ces objets miroirs d’une société de cités multiforme qui a élaboré une vision originale de l’homme.
Les prodigieuses (é)motions des statues divines, sous la république romaine
Authors: Berthelet Yann
Published: July 2022

Les prodiges étaient des signes oblatifs par lesquels les dieux signifiaient aux Romains la rupture des rapports harmonieux qu’ils entretenaient jusque- là avec eux (pax deorum). Ils se manifestaient régulièrement au travers d’émotions et de motions de statues divines, soigneusement enregistrées par les autorités romaines, puis publiquement expiées. Ce recours des divinités irritées à la médiation de leurs corps statuaires était-il considéré, par les Romains, comme un prodige exceptionnel et particulièrement grave ou comme un prodige relativement courant et structurel ? L’alternative peut être résolue d’après le critère quantitatif de leur fréquence, et ceux, plus qualitatifs, de l’identité des prototypes divins des statues en (é)motion ; des lieux réactivés par ces (é)motions ; de l’existence, ou non, d’une prise en charge expiatoire spécifique de ces prodiges statuaires.
Les « statues parlantes » de césar et brutus à Rome
Authors: Rosso Emmanuelle
Published: July 2022

La pratique romaine des libelles et graffiti affichés ou gravés sur des bases de statues, utilisés comme supports de la contestation politique, est analysée ici à partir du cas exceptionnellement bien documenté du destin des statues de César et Brutus dans l’Vrbs en 45-44 av. J.-C. La propagande anti-césarienne s’exprima notamment par le biais de parodies de dédicaces, d’apostrophes, mais aussi par la manipulation d’insignes du pouvoir ; dans le cas de César, la contestation prit pour cibles certains honneurs statuaires jugés excessifs (les statues iuxta deos et inter reges) dont elle détourna le sens dans le but de présenter le dictateur comme aspirant à la royauté : ainsi ses statues furent régulièrement couronnées. Dans le cas de Brutus, le jeu s’établit sur fond de propagande gentilice et s’appuya sur une mise en regard « dramatisante » des statues du premier consul de la République, qui avait chassé les Tarquins de Rome, et de celles de son descendant ; les libelles appelaient alors le « nouveau » Brutus à sortir de son inertie pour rejouer l’acte libérateur de son illustre ancêtre en tuant César. Toutes ces effigies prirent vie, devenant de véritables substituts des acteurs politiques ; dans cette guerre des images mettant en œuvre un dispositif énonciatif complexe, les « paroles secondes » ou les attributs conférés aux effigies prétendaient révéler sur le mode de la provocation une double usurpation d’identité, celle du faux libérateur et celle de l’aspirant roi. Au cœur du projet même des césaricides, les statues des principaux protagonistes n’ont donc pas joué les seconds rôles.
Figurato e scritto
Authors: Liverani Paolo
Published: July 2022

Documenti della piena e tarda età imperiale esaminati a partire dalla prospettiva enunciazionale servono per indagare sul rapporto tra l’immagine/testo e lo spettatore/lettore. Statue parlanti in ambito privato e funerario sono ben note (es. statua di Flavio Agricola dalla Necropoli Vaticana, stele di [Sc]andilia [Pa]mphila da Durazzo). Assai più rare quelle che utilizzano il « tu » in ambito pubblico. Questo perché le dediche sono poste da un dedicante, che interviene tra onorato e pubblico. Una serie di esempi (iscrizione di Graziano, dediche di Abthugni, di Taziano, discorso di Costantino sulla facciata di S. Pietro) mostra diverse strategie per aggirare il divieto imposto all’onorato vivente di parlare direttamente al pubblico. Un eccezione tarda è l’auriga Porphyrius, quando le statue onorarie sono estremamente rare e l’ambito – quello sportivo – segue regole probabilmente difformi da quelle ordinarie.
Statues oraculaires à Byzance (IVe-XIIe siècles)
Authors: Caseau Béatrice
Published: July 2022

Les Byzantins aiment se raconter des histoires et se faire des frayeurs en évoquant l’enchantement dont les statues de Constantinople ont été l’objet du temps d’Apollonius de Tyane, grand magicien passé par Byzance. Les auteurs Byzantins de l’époque médiévale ont hérité de ceux de l’antiquité tardive une méfiance à l’égard des statues, trop liées aux cultes païens et aux pratiques magiques. Patriographes ou historiens, ils colportent des récits sur les statues oraculaires de Constantinople. Les marbres inertes et les bronzes figés sont autant de signes du passé qui bruissent indistinctement, en attendant que des « philosophes » leur donnent un sens. Entre le VIIIe et le XIIIe siècle, la capacité oraculaire des statues antiques fait ainsi l’objet de récits. Témoins du passé, les statues ont un savoir qui peut servir à déchiffrer le présent et à prédire l’avenir. Ces récits ont une dimension politique et servent à condamner la mémoire de mauvais empereurs qui ont consulté des sorciers dont ils pensaient qu’ils détenaient les clés d’interprétation de ces statues oraculaires.
Histoire des grandes statues du Bouddha de Bamiyan depuis leur aménagement jusqu’à leur destruction en 2001 par les talibans
Authors: Tarzi Zemar
Published: July 2022

Des monastères bouddhiques se sont installés sans doute dès le IIe siècle ap. J.-C. sur le site de Bamiyan (au cœur de la chaîne de l’Hindu-Kush occdental) qui avait été déjà occupé à l’époque des rois gréco-bactriens quatre siècles auparavant. Les statues colossales des bouddhas taillées dans la paroi de la falaise ont été exécutées au VIe et VIIe siècle. Elles sont le fleuron de l’art rupestre de Bamiyan (Ve-IXe siècles). Les premières agressions sporadiques se produisent au IXe siècle avec l’arrachage du coffrage en bois doré des deux grandes statues. Mais la première véritable tentative de destruction a lieu au XVIIe siècle à l’initiative du roi mogol Aurengzeb (1658-1707) qui ordonne de tirer au canon sur ces « idoles ». Les multiples agressions de l’époque contemporaine ont culminé avec l’explosion de ces chefs d’œuvre sur l’ordre des Talibans en 2001, en dépit des discussions qui ont eu lieu et des négociations menées par la communauté internationale et l’UNESCO pour sauver les statues. Les efforts menés dans les décennies qui avaient précédé pour préserver le site et restaurer les statues ont ainsi été ruinés.
An Approach for Malicious JavaScript Detection Using Adaptive Taylor Harris Hawks Optimization-Based Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Alex Scaria , T. Dhiliphan Rajkumar
Published: July 2022

JavaScript has to become a pervasive web technology that facilitates interactive and dynamic Web sites. The extensive usage and the properties permit the authors to simply obfuscate the code and make JavaScript an interesting place for hackers. JavaScript is usually used for adding functionalities and improving the usage of web applications. Despite several merits and usages of JavaScript, the major issue is that several recent cyber-attacks like drive-by-download attacks utilized the susceptibility of JavaScript codes. This paper devises a novel technique for detecting malicious JavaScript. Here, JavaScript codes are fed to the feature extraction phase for extracting the noteworthy features that include execution time, function calls, conditional statements, break statements, and Boolean. The extracted features are further subjected to data transformation wherein log transformation is adapted to normalize the data. Then, feature selection is performed using mutual information.
IoT Analytics and ERP Interoperability in Automotive SCM
Authors: Jayender Paul , Kundu Goutam Kumar
Published: July 2022

Abstract Objective – The objective of this paper is to understand the potential of Interoperability between ERP and IOT Analytics in enabling the agile performance in Automotive supply chain by exploring the influence between Interoperability, SC Visibility and SCM agile performance and propose design for decision making system using Artificial neural network integration with fuzzy logic technique. Design/methodology/approach – TOE view was used to develop theoretical framework in addition to the elaborate literature review. Empirical analysis on the collected data from professionals in the automotive industry used to conclude on the findings. Findings – The IOT-Analytics and ERP interoperability identified as an enabler of SCM agile performance. Originality/value – The research article provides theoretical and empirical evidence over the IOT analytics and ERP interoperability potential impact in the Automotive SCM with novel approach towards designing effective decision support system using artificial neural network-fuzzy logic integration technique.
Fuzzy Ranking Algorithm with Seagull Optimization-Based Decision Tree for Short-Term/Long-Term Rainfall Prediction
Authors: A. Ashwitha , C. A. Latha
Published: July 2022

An exact rainfall prediction is a major challenge for agriculture subordinate nations for evaluating the productivity of crop, utilization of water resources and preplanning of water assets. Besides, because of different climate nature, rainfall prediction system cannot execute well for short-term and long-term rainfall prediction. Thus, to enhance the accuracy of short-term and long-term rainfall prediction, hybrid machine learning techniques are used in this approach. At first, we present fuzzy ranking algorithm to select the optimal subset of features. Using the selected features, short-term and long-term rainfalls are predicted by presenting optimized Decision Tree (DT). The decision node or upper level of the DT is chosen optimally using seagull optimization algorithm (SOA). Results of the article prove that the proposed rainfall prediction model obtains better accuracy than the existing prediction models.
Massive Open Online Courses as Alternatives to Conventional Education and Existing Distance Education
Authors: Basantia Tapan Kumar , Kumar Vishal
Published: July 2022

Today, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has impact on every facet of our life including education, which has started an era of open online education. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are one of the major outcomes of open online education in the field of education. MOOCs have various dimensions, which open a wide scope for learning at different levels of education, i.e., school education, higher education, lifelong education and so on. MOOCs have potential to stand parallel to conventional education and existing distance education, and cater the different issues of conventional education and existing distance education because of their massive, open and online features. In the light of these issues, in the present paper, discussions are made mostly focusing on distance education as an alternative to conventional education; MOOCs as the alternative to conventional education and existing distance education; trend of growth of MOOCs; dimensions and scope of MOOCs; and learning environments of MOOCs. Towards the end of the paper some challenges of MOOCs are presented.
Impact of Applied Temperature and Hydrostatic Pressure on the Off-Center Donor Spectrum in Spherical Quantum Dot
Authors: Chouef Soufiane , Mommadi Omar , Boussetta Reda , Belamkadem Laaziz , Hbibi Mohammed , El Moussaouy Abdelaaziz , Vinasco Juan Alejandro , Duque Carlos Alberto , El Hadi Mohamed , Falyouni Farid
Published: July 2022

Within the effective mass approximation and the infinite confinement potential, this work focused on studying the electronic properties of spherical quantum dot (SQD) nanostructure through the finite difference method. The effects of shallow donor impurity position, temperature (T), and hydrostatic pressure (P) on the binding energy, the electron spatial extension  and the average electron-impurity distance  in a SQD have been evaluated. Our findings show that the binding energy increases as a function of hydrostatic pressure and decreases with the temperature effect. However, the binding energy presents very clear maximum around the spherical nanostructure center depending on the impurity position. For higher SQD, the impact of externals perturbations (P and T) on the electron spatial extension are more significant. The distance  decreases with the augmentation of hydrostatic pressure when the impurity is near the center, which is conversely when the impurity is near the edge. In addition, applying the hydrostatic pressure and temperature leads to decreasing and increasing the average distance , respectively.
Electron Transport in AlGaAs Cylindrical Quantum Wire Sandwiched between Two GaAs Cylindrical Quantum Well Wires
Authors: Qasem Mohammed Rida , Ben-Ali Youssef , Falyouni Farid , Bria Driss
Published: July 2022

In this work, we study theoretically and analytically the electronic transport through a nanowire structure composed of a finite cylindrical quantum wire (CQWR) based on barrier AlGaAs semiconductor, sandwiched between two semi-infinite cylindrical GaAs quantum well wires (CQWWRs). Using the Green function approach to determine the electronic structure of this artificial nanostructure, which is analyzed as a function of the geometrical and physical parameters of nanowires structure. The results show the eigen states (confined states), when they interact with the incoming electronic waves from the first semi-infinite cylindrical GaAs quantum well wire. The decrease of the radius of the system leads to the energy quantization of the electrons and the electronic states move towards high energies until a critical radius Rc=20Å below which no electronic state can exist. In addition, we found that the electronic energy levels of the finite cylindrical quantum wire depend on the mole fraction of aluminum and the ratio between the radius of the cylindrical nanowires and the thickness of the barrier, which are the most important parameters in the optimization of the cylindrical quantum wires nanostructure.Keywords: Cylindrical Quantum Wire, Nanowire, Electronic States, Green Function
Effect of Alumina Content on Structure and Properties of High Refractive Index Glass
Authors: Fan Wen Dong , Wu Si , Ji Ping , Xu Hui , Kang Jun Jie
Published: July 2022

In this paper, BaO-ZnO-TiO2-SiO2 is used as the research system of high refractive index glass, and IR, XRD and DTA are used to study the structure, thermal behavior, crystallization and chemical stability of different glasses when Al2O3 gradually replaces CaO. The results show that when Al2O3 replaces CaO, the glass still has an amorphous structure. With the increase of Al2O3 content, the glass structure first becomes tight, and then due to the formation of [AlO6], the glass network becomes loose, and the glass density peaks with the increase of Al2O3 content. DTA analysis showed that with the increase of Al2O3 content, the devitrification trend of the glass increased during the cooling process, the crystallization peak moved to the low temperature direction, and the exothermic effect weakened, indicating that the surface crystallization trend of the glass increased and the overall crystallization became weaker. The results show that the density, refractive index and water resistance of glass microspheres containing only CaO are the best, but the crystallization of glass is obvious during heat treatment.
Research on High-Temperature Constitutive Relationship of Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Chen Wen Ning , Li Si Jia , Kosimov Nodirbek , Krishna Singh Bhandari , Jung Dong Won
Published: July 2022

On the worldwide tendency of wight reduction of automobile, aluminum is drawing a large number of researcher’s sights because it’s advantages of low weight, corrosion resistance, flexible and so on. Aimed at understanding high-temperature flow behavior of aluminum alloy A5005, tensile tests were conducted at temperatures 360°C, 430°C, 500°C and strain rates 0.0003s-1, 0.003s-1, 0.03s-1 respectively. For constitutive equation molding, a simplified Johnson-Cook model was adopted to describe high-temperature relationship of A5005 alloy. One of superiorities of this model is the flow stress model can be established more efficiently. What’s more, adiabatic temperature rise is eliminated by introducing development trend of material stress and strain in this model. Finally, the root mean square error (RMSE) was used to check the accuracy of the final model. The results show that the model accuracy increase by temperature increasing and strain rate decreasing, and the simplified Johnson-Cook model can describe stress-strain tendency without losing much accuracy.
The Cognitive Evolution from “Plague” to “Infectious Disease”
Authors: Gao Xi
Published: July 2022

According to the Grand Chinese Dictionary, plague is defined to be an acute infectious disease. The Chinese term “infectious disease” is not what it is commonly thought originated from Japanese. The medical nomenclature shift from the traditional “plague” to the modern “infectious disease” is completed by the medical missionaries, Chinese scholars, and the national authority, each utilising different strategies. It is a history of acceptance concerning the concept of “infectious disease” from academia to national level. The conscious use of infectious disease-related thought and terminology by Chinese officials and doctors when studying infectious disease is a scientific modernization towards the understanding of epidemics. In a sense, this evolution of medical knowledge embodies the modernization of infectious disease in China.
Chemistry Behind the Immunomodulatory Activity of Astragalus membranaceus
Authors: Qader Mallique , Xu Jian , Yang Yuejun , Wu Xiaohua , Liu Yuancai , Cao Shugeng
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Huang Qi (Symbol
Astragalus membranaceus) is a well-known and widely used herb in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) tonic preparations. It has been used for many ailments over the last 2000 years. Flavonoids, saponins, and polysaccharides have been shown to be the main compounds responsible for the biological and pharmacological activities, especially the immunomodulatory properties, of such tonic preparations. This review summarizes the published data on Astragalus extracts and fractions and the natural compounds responsible for the immunomodulatory activity with special reference to the modulation of nuclear factor-kappa B and related pathways (e.g., Nrf2). In addition, this review highlights the importance of Astragalus membranaceus in TCM for treating patients with diseases related to immunocompromised conditions, such as cancer and diabetes.