bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biodiversity offset conditions contributing to net loss of koala Phascolarctos cinereus habitat
Authors: Tran Hao Nguyen , Maron Martine
Published: November 2024

Australia's offset framework requires that permitted development impacts on nationally threatened species should be fully counterbalanced using biodiversity offsets. The current offsets framework was established in 2012, the same year that the iconic koala Phascolarctos cinereus was listed as threatened. We examined every development impact on koala habitat that was permitted under national biodiversity laws (the EPBC Act 1999) from 2012 until the end of 2021, shortly after which the koala was uplisted from vulnerable to endangered (n = 98). We analyzed the application of the national environmental offset framework in each case. In this period, more than 25,000 hectares of koala habitat were approved for removal, most in the state of Queensland (96%) and for mining (76%). Although most clearing of koala habitat is attributable to agricultural activity and ostensibly requires approval under the EPBC Act, we found zero referrals for agricultural clearing. A total of 62 projects included offset requirements for koalas, but for only 14 projects could we find details used in the offset calculation. All but one appeared to include implausibly optimistic assumptions or logical errors that inflated the estimated benefit from the offset. After modifying the calculations to align with best practice guidance, we found only two of the 14 projects were likely to fully offset their impacts on koalas (average 55% of impact offset). The most common issues were overestimated benefits from averted losses and double‐counting of benefits. We conclude transparency around offset requirements is generally poor, and most biodiversity offsets for koalas are unlikely to fully counterbalance losses. Despite sound, long‐established policy, poor implementation means that even offsets for impacts on a highly valued species, for which offsets are ecologically plausible, are prone to failure.
Comparison of the impact of type 1 and type 2 diabetes on quality of life of families of patients: A UK cross‐sectional study
Authors: Shah Rubina , Finlay Andrew Y. , Ali Faraz M. , Otwombe Kennedy , Nixon Stuart J. , George Lindsay , Evans Marc , Ingram John R. , Salek Sam
Published: November 2024

Aim

To measure the impact of type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (T1D and T2D) on the QoL of a person's family members/partner and assess if there is any difference in family impact.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study, recruited online through patient support groups, involved UK family members/partners of people with diabetes completing the Family Reported Outcome Measure‐16 (FROM‐16).

Results

Two hundred and sixty‐one family members/partners (mean age = 57.9 years, SD = 13.8; females = 68.2%) of people with diabetes (mean age = 57.7, SD = 20.6; females = 38.3%; T1D n = 100; T2D n = 161) completed the FROM‐16. The overall FROM‐16 mean score was 10.47, SD = 7.8, suggesting a moderate effect on the QoL of family members of people with diabetes. A quarter (24.5%) of family members experienced a ‘very large effect’ or ‘extremely large effect’ on their QoL. The family impact of T1D (mean FROM‐16 = 12.61, SD = 7.9) was greater than that of T2D (mean = 9.15, SD = 7.5, p < 0.01), with being ‘female’ and ‘parents of children and adolescents’ rendered as significant predictors of greater impact. Family members of T2D had a lower risk of experiencing a high family impact (FROM‐16 score >16) compared with T1D (RR 0.561, 95% CI 0.371–0.849).

Conclusions

Compared to T2D, family members of T1D experience a greater impact on their QoL, particularly those caring for children and adolescents. These findings have clinical and resource implications, indicating a need to assess this impact as a part of routine diabetes care to support impacted family members. The FROM‐16 could assess this impact in routine practice and further facilitate referral of family members to appropriate support services.
Redefining Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in the Era of Globalisation and Global Crises: A Proposal for Future Sustainability
Authors: Ul Hassan Mehboob , Murtaza Ammara , Rashid Khalid
Published: November 2024

Higher Education Institutions are undergoing (HEIs) profound transformations in response to the challenges posed by globalization and the increasing frequency of global crises. This paper presents a comprehensive framework aimed at redefining the values, missions, and goals of HEIs to ensure their sustained relevance and effectiveness in addressing contemporary global challenges. Drawing upon an extensive literature review, this research examines the multifaceted roles of HEIs in fostering global citizenship, inclusivity, and innovation. Moreover, insights from the World Economic Forum's Global Risks Report 2020 underscore the urgent need for HEIs to adapt to evolving global dynamics, including pandemics, climate change, and economic volatility. The proposed framework emphasises the imperative for HEIs to align their missions with emerging global challenges, as highlighted in UNESCO's Futures of Education report. By prioritising research, education, and community engagement for global impact, HEIs can serve as proactive agents of positive change in an increasingly interconnected world. Additionally, insights from the Institute of International Education's Open Doors Report on International Educational Exchange 2021 and data from Universities UK (2020) provide valuable perspectives on internationalisation and the evolving landscape of higher education. Lastly, this paper argues that HEIs must adopt a proactive approach to adaptation and innovation to fulfil their transformative potential in the face of globalisation and global crises. By redefining their values, missions, and goals in line with contemporary challenges, HEIs can play a central role in shaping a sustainable and inclusive future.
Preschool Children's Social Problem‐Solving in Hungary and Vojvodina Based on Parents' and Teachers' Opinions
Authors: Teodóra Szitás , Zita Gál , László Kasik
Published: November 2024

The aim of the study was to explore parents' and teachers' opinions about preschoolers' social problem‐solving and the role of parents' educational attainment and family structure in social problem‐solving, comparing these results in Hungary (n = 162) and Vojvodina (n = 147). We used Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Social Problem‐Solving Parent/Teacher Questionnaire (SPSQ) for the latter drawing on the social problem‐solving model of Chang et al. which has two processes, problem orientation (positive, negative) and three problem‐solving styles (rational, impulsive, avoidant). Based on the results, parents' and teachers' evaluations are generally different, in both samples' parents perceive children as much more prosocial than teachers, and teachers have a more negative perception of children's attitude towards problem‐solving than parents. The triangulation research—where mothers, fathers and teachers evaluated the children—revealed several differences in the perceptions of parents and teachers in Vojvodina and Hungary. One of our findings from the comparison showed that frequency of positive problem orientation in SPS was differently perceived in both samples by the raters: according to which Vojvodina mothers and fathers found these higher in 4‐year‐olds, additionally in 5‐year‐olds by fathers, while in Hungary, this was perceived only by teachers in 5‐ and 6‐year‐olds. In both the Hungarian and the Vojvodina samples, parental education explained the psychological factors examined differently. The main message of the research is that there are significant differences in the perceptions of both parents and teachers, but also of mothers and fathers in both samples, and this is particularly true in the case of externalising problems.
Cracking Sensitivity Analysis of Red Clay With Pre‐Crack Under Three‐Point Bending
Authors: Ma Hongyan , Yan Xiaobin , Cheng Peiyuan , Xu Song , Zhang Yanping , Li Sihan
Published: November 2024

Red clay is highly susceptible to cracking due to its nature, and the reduction in strength caused by cracking can lead to engineering disasters. To investigate the cracking sensitivity of red clay, a homogeneous fracture model of red clay based on the cohesive zone model was established using ABAQUS in this work, the reliability of the model was verified through a three‐point bending test, and then the crack propagation process and sensitivity to test factors of red clay were further analyzed. The results show that the fracture simulation of the cohesive zone model is in good agreement with the test results, confirming by the high reliability. The depth of prefabricated cracks and fulcrum spacing had the significant effects on the crack path, and the decrease of prefabricated crack depth and fulcrum spacing led to the increase of critical load. Meanwhile, the loading rate had little effect on the load–displacement curves.
Lowering hot isostatic pressing temperature of ultrafine‐grained MgAl2O4 transparent ceramics by two‐step pre‐sintering
Authors: Mao Junyan , Yang Hongbin , Wang Yan , Luo Haoming , Dong Yanhao , Zhang Jian , Wang Shiwei
Published: November 2024

Cubic‐phase magnesium‐aluminum spinel (MAS) has attractive optical, mechanical, and thermal properties and has been widely used as transparent ceramics in a number of applications. However, the processing of MAS transparent ceramics typically requires pre‐sintering and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) both at very high temperatures (e.g., above 1600°C) over an extended time, which coarsens the microstructure thus impairing mechanical properties. There is an urgent need to lower the sintering temperature while maintaining high optical transparency. Here we reported new progress in combining two‐step sintering in the pressureless pre‐sintering step and low‐temperature HIP in the post‐treatment step, using high‐quality green bodies produced by pressure filtration. With this strategy, high‐quality MAS transparent ceramics are delivered. The main benefits include 200°C lower HIP temperature, a 33% smaller average grain size of 350 nm, and a higher hardness of 14.8 GPa. Such a method could be extended to many other transparent ceramics.
Regional Disparities and the Localisation of the Sustainable Development Goals in the EU
Authors: Pop Daniel , Stamos Iraklis
Published: November 2024

This article examines the territorialisation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) within the European Union by analysing key indicators at the national and regional (NUTS2) levels, identified by cross‐referencing the 2023 EU SDG monitoring report, and the regional SDG indicators developed by the Joint Research Centre. The analysed indicators measure progress towards poverty reduction, healthcare access, education engagement, employment, and research and development investment. Our findings suggest that whilst there is an overall trend towards achieving the SDGs at the national level, there are considerably larger disparities and more pronounced mixed trends at the NUTS2 level. These findings underscore the importance of implementing place‐based policies that consider regional particularities. Enhanced data collection at the regional level is essential to tailor effective SDG strategies. The article concludes with a call for inclusive governance to ensure equitable and sustainable development across all EU regions, aligning with the EU Territorial Agenda 2030.
The Acceptability and Effects of Internet‐Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Depressive Symptoms and Remission in 13‐ to 17‐Year‐Old Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Liu Pei , Situ Mingjing , Duan Xiaoxia , Sun Huan , Wang Meiwen , Tao Yujie , Luo Tingting , Li Sixun , Wang Zhuo , Huang Yi
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the acceptability and effects of internet‐based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) or CBT‐oriented interventions compared with control groups on depressive symptoms, remission of depression, and quality of life (QOL) in adolescents.

Methods

We searched English and Chinese databases for randomized controlled trials up to October 10, 2024 that investigated the effects of iCBT compared with controls in adolescents exhibiting elevated depressive symptoms or diagnosed with depression. Standardized mean differences (SMDs), relative risks (RRs), and 95% confidence intervals were applied to evaluate the pooled effects of outcomes.

Results

A total of 19 RCTs involving 3574 cases were included in this study. We found small effects on depressive symptoms severity at different time points (posttest: SMD = –0.49 [–0.66, –0.33]; 3‐month follow‐up [FU3]: SMD = –0.21 [–0.30, –0.11]; FU6: SMD = –0.18 [–0.35, –0.02]; FU12: SMD = –0.38 [–0.56, –0.20]). We also found a significant effect in depression remission rate at the posttest (RR = 1.74 [1.36, 2.21]) and a significant effect in QOL at the posttest (SMD = 0.30 [0.07, 0.54]). However, the result regarding acceptability was nonsignificant (RR = 1.22 [0.76, 1.97]). No significant publication bias was found in these results.

Conclusion

iCBT or internet‐based CBT‐oriented interventions can effectively reduce depressive symptom severity and improve depression remission rate and QOL in depressed adolescents. These results are preliminary and require further validation through future systematic reviews.
Association Between Oral Hypofunction and Maximum Gait Speed in Older Adults: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Nukaya Yukiko , Matsui Daisuke , Watanabe Isao , Ozaki Etsuko , Yamamoto Toshiro , Takashima Naoyuki , Kanamura Narisato
Published: November 2024

Background

Previous studies have reported an association between oral hypofunction and normal gait speed as a marker for physical function; however, the association between maximum gait speed as a more sensitive marker for physical function and poor oral function has not been investigated.

Objectives

To elucidate associations of oral hypofunction, comprising seven elements, with both normal and maximum gait speeds in an older population.

Methods

Participants were recruited in 2018 from a hospital‐based health checkup in Kyoto Prefecture. Seven oral function tests (oral hygiene, oral dryness, occlusal force or number of teeth, tongue–lip motor function, tongue pressure, masticatory function and swallowing function) were performed. Oral hypofunction was defined as an abnormality in at least three of these items. Gait speed was measured as normal and maximum gait speeds. The relationship between oral hypofunction and maximum gait speed was analysed using logistic regression.

Results

This study included 198 participants (130 men and 68 women; mean age: 75.0 years). Among them, 152 (76.7%) had oral hypofunction. After adjustment for age, sex and body mass index, oral hypofunction was significantly associated with a low maximum gait speed (odds ratio: 2.75, 95% confidence interval: 1.41–5.37).

Conclusion

Oral hypofunction is associated with maximum gait speed in older people. The prevention of oral hypofunction may help maintain walking speed and promote an increase in healthy life expectancy.
Contribution of HPV Status for Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Release in Oropharyngeal Cancer
Authors: da Costa Adriana Aparecida Silva , Oliveira Sicília Rezende , Tavares Thalita Soares , Meirelles Daniela Pereira , da Silva Evânio Vilela , da Silva Anderson Tangerino Ferreira , León Jorge Esquiche , Cardoso Sérgio Vitorino , de Aguiar Maria Cássia Ferreira , da Silva Tarcília Aparecida , Caldeira Patrícia Carlos
Published: November 2024

Background

Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OP‐SCC) represents a public health problem and human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the risk factors. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) are meshes of DNA strands and granule proteins. NET has been identified in diverse cancers, whether associated with viruses or not. However, there is no information on NET in OP‐SCC. We aimed to evaluate the NET release by neutrophils in the OP‐SCC microenvironment, stratified by HPV status.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study analyzed OP‐SCC biopsy specimens diagnosed from 1997 to 2021. HPV status was determined by p16 immunohistochemistry and “in situ” hybridization. Neutrophils were detected by CD66b immunohistochemistry. Immunofluorescence was used to identify NET by co‐localization of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and citrullinated histone H3 (H3Cit). Bivariate statistics, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, and the log‐rank test were performed.

Results

HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative OP‐SCC had similar CD66b + neutrophil infiltration (p > 0.05), but the release of NET was significantly increased in HPV‐positive compared to HPV‐negative OP‐SCC samples (p < 0.05). Overall survival was not impacted by NET indexes (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The presence of HPV may stimulate NET release in the OP‐SCC microenvironment.
Shocked quartzite clasts with transverse fractures from Araguainha impact structure, Brazil
Authors: King David T. , Rampino Michael R. , Petruny Lucille W.
Published: November 2024

The central uplift area of Araguainha impact structure (Brazil) includes a quartzite pebble‐ and cobble‐bearing stratigraphic facies that have been profoundly affected by impact processes. These quartzite clasts have been studied previously for their planar deformation features (PDFs), but not with regard to their noteworthy transverse fractures. Petrographic study of transverse fractures within seven selected impact‐affected cobbles from the conglomeratic fluvial facies of the target Devonian Furnas Formation (near the central uplift of Araguainha impact structure) has revealed that there is a micro‐breccia within these transverse fractures, and this micro‐breccia originated by comminution of the host cobble. Further, the transverse fractures in these cobbles have different styles (well‐defined, poorly defined, complex, and diffuse) and are evidently post‐shock, brittle deformation features. We suggest that a late compression‐stage process, perhaps collapse of the central peak, may be responsible for the development of these transverse fractures.
Attitudes in times of crisis: An analysis of individual determinants towards immigration in the Czech Republic
Authors: Gheorghiev Olga , Collini Mattia
Published: November 2024

This paper empirically assesses public attitudes towards immigration amid a simultaneity of political and economic crises, offering critical insights into the effects of economic determinants on perceived cultural and economic threats posed by immigration in the Czech Republic. The importance of cultural determinants of attitudes towards immigration gained prominence in the context of growing nationalism and ethnic conflicts. Conversely, some argue that material vulnerabilities remain central to understanding anti‐Immigration sentiments, especially in times of economic crises. This paper challenges separating economic and cultural concerns, highlighting how economic vulnerabilities shape cultural perceptions. The study utilises unique data, delving beyond conventional measures that explore economic determinants and looking into more granular measures of economic vulnerability. Our findings suggest that economic drivers remain pivotal in shaping attitudes towards migration. In addition, we show that the effects of economic drivers can also manifest as cultural concerns.
Dynamics and Control of Sugarcane Smut Using Deterministic and Stochastic Epidemic Models
Authors: Collins Obiora C. , Mugabi Francis , Duffy Kevin J.
Published: November 2024

Sugarcane smut disease is a serious issue for farmers as it can greatly reduce sugarcane yield. It is important to manage this disease effectively to prevent economic losses. Farmers can use resistant varieties of sugarcane, remove diseased plants manually, or apply appropriate fungicides to control the spread of the disease; however, the effectiveness of these measures is uncertain. Deterministic and stochastic models are formulated and used to analyze the transmission and control dynamics of the disease. Qualitative analyses of the deterministic model using the basic reproduction number are used to show the conditions under which the disease can be eradicated or persist. Sensitivity analyses are used to determine the influence of each parameter on the disease dynamics. The stochastic model is used to determine the probability of disease extinction or persistence. Both models show the importance of control measures that force the reproduction number below unity. One of the most important controls is shown to be that which reduces the contact rate between the plants and the pathogen. Overall, our models could be useful for making decisions on the effective management of sugarcane smut outbreaks in any endemic area.
Examining associations among depressive symptoms, negative partner attributions, and relationship functioning in different‐gender couples using the actor‐partner interdependence mediation model
Authors: Pollard Deanna L. , Shah Tanya V. , Pathak Neha , Boudreaux Joseph , Babcock Julia C.
Published: November 2024

Negative attributions about the cause of and blame for relationship problems are highly predictive of relationship dysfunction and depression. Consequently, researchers have attempted to understand the role of negative relationship attributions in the association between depression and relationship functioning, with theory and research suggesting negative attributions may mediate the association between depression and relationship functioning. However, these studies were conducted on individuals, not couples. Including a couple of data and employing a dyadic design can provide a more holistic picture of the associations among these variables. The present study used the actor‐partner interdependence mediation model (APIMeM) to examine associations among depressive symptoms, relationship functioning, and negative partner attributions. Different‐gender couples (N = 200) seeking couples’ clinical services completed measures of negative relationship attributions, relationship distress, and depressive symptoms. Results revealed depressive symptoms to be indirectly related to one's own and one's partner's relationship functioning through one's own negative causal attributions. Actor and partner effects of responsibility attributions and depressive symptoms on relationship functioning were also observed. Results underscore the possible mechanistic role of negative attributions—particularly causal attributions—in maintaining the depression‐relationship dysfunction association.
Does Unilateral High‐Load Resistance Training Influence Strength Change in the Contralateral Arm Also Undergoing High‐Load Training?
Authors: Song Jun Seob , Yamada Yujiro , Kataoka Ryo , Hammert William B. , Kang Anna , Spitz Robert W. , Wong Vickie , Seffrin Aldo , Kassiano Witalo , Loenneke Jeremy P.
Published: November 2024

Training one limb with a high‐load has been shown to augment strength changes in the opposite limb training with a low‐load (via cross‐education of strength), indicating that within‐subject models can be problematic when investigating strength changes. This study examined if the cross‐education of strength from unilateral high‐load training could augment the strength changes in the opposite arm undergoing the same unilateral high‐load training. 160 participants were randomized to one of four groups: (1) training on the dominant arm followed by the non‐dominant arm (D + ND), (2) training on the dominant arm only (D‐Only), (3) training on the non‐dominant arm only (ND‐Only), and (4) a non‐exercise control. All exercise groups performed 18 sessions of unilateral high‐load elbow flexion exercise over 6 weeks. Participants were compared for changes in 1RM strength and muscle thickness. Changes in strength of the non‐dominant arm were greater in D + ND (2.7 kg) and ND‐Only (2.6 kg) compared to D‐Only (1.5 kg) and control (−0.2 kg), while the changes were greater in D‐Only compared to control. The same finding was observed in the dominant arm. Only the arms being directly trained observed increases in muscle thickness. Unilateral high‐load resistance training increased strength in the opposite untrained arm, without changes in muscle thickness. This cross‐education of strength did not augment the strength changes in the contralateral arm undergoing the same unilateral high‐load training. However, it does not necessarily indicate that within‐subject models are methodologically sound to investigate strength change if both limbs are trained with a high‐load.
The initiator or responder in chief? Reconciling two prominent theories of presidential power
Authors: Waterman Richard W.
Published: November 2024

Objective

While there are several different ways of conceptualizing presidential power, at present, two main theoretical frameworks are of considerable importance. The dominant paradigm since the 1960s is Richard Neustadt's idea that “presidential power is the power to persuade.” Yet, persuasion is far more difficult today than it was in the 1960s, raising the following theoretical conundrum: If presidential power is the power to persuade, why is presidential power increasing, while the president's ability to persuade is decreasing?

Methods

Game theory and case studies were used in this study.

Results

One answer is that presidents now employ “power without persuasion,” as William Howell argues. Yet, presidents still require persuasion to secure important legislation.

Conclusion

This article reconciles these two theories, demonstrating how each describes an important aspect of the pursuit of presidential power.
Metaphors and the Invention of Writing
Authors: Ottaviano Ludovica , Kelley Kathryn , Cartolano Mattia , Ferrara Silvia
Published: November 2024

The foundation of ancient, invented writing systems lies in the predominant iconicity of their sign shapes. However, these shapes are often used not for their referential meaning but in a metaphorical way, whereby one entity stands for another. Metaphor, including its subcategories pars pro toto and metonymy, plays a crucial role in the formation of the earliest pristine invented scripts, yet this mechanism has been understudied from a cognitive, contextual, and comparative perspective. This article aims to address issues pertaining to the definition, development, and application of these mechanisms in the formation of the Mesopotamian, Egyptian, and Chinese scripts. We analyze the local cases of metaphor‐in‐action in primary inventions, focusing first on visual metaphors and, second, on the typical or idiosyncratic uses of metonyms.
Allotetraploid nature of a wild potato species, Solanum stoloniferum Schlechtd. et Bché., as revealed by whole‐genome sequencing
Authors: Hosaka Awie J. , Sanetomo Rena , Hosaka Kazuyoshi
Published: November 2024

Mexican wild diploid potato species are reproductively isolated from A‐genome species, including cultivated potatoes; thus, their genomic relationships remain unknown. Solanum stoloniferum Schlechtd. et Bché. (2n = 4x = 48, AABB) is a Mexican allotetraploid species frequently used in potato breeding. We constructed a chromosome‐scale assembly of the S. stoloniferum genome using PacBio long‐read sequencing and Hi‐C scaffolding technologies. The final assembly consisted of 1742 Mb, among which 745 Mb and 713 Mb were anchored to the 12 A‐genome and 12 B‐genome chromosomes, respectively. Using the RNA‐seq datasets, we detected 20 994 and 19 450 genes in the A and B genomes, respectively. Among these genes, 5138 and 3594 were specific to the A and B genomes, respectively, and 15 856 were homoeologous, of which 18.6–25.4% were biasedly expressed. Structural variations such as large pericentromeric inversions were frequently found between the A‐ and B‐genome chromosomes. A comparison of the gene sequences from 38 diverse genomes of the related Solanum species revealed that the S. stoloniferum B genome and Mexican diploid species, with the exception of S. verrucosum, were monophyletically distinct from the S. stoloniferum A genome and the other A‐genome species, indicating that the Mexican diploid species share the B genome. The content and divergence of transposable elements (TEs) revealed recent bursts and transpositions of TEs after polyploidization. Thus, the S. stoloniferum genome has undergone dynamic structural differentiation and TE mobilization and reorganization to stabilize the genomic imbalance. This study provides new insights into polyploid evolution and the efficient use of allotetraploid species in potato breeding.
THE ENERGY TRANSITION IN THE SPANISH CONSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT
Authors: Alcaraz Salgado Maria Hylma
Published: November 2024

Este trabajo examina la Ley 7/2021, de 20 de mayo, de Cambio Climático y Transición Energética de España, La ley establece un marco normativo esencial para cumplir con los objetivos de reducción de emisiones y promoción de energías renovables. Aunque la Constitución de 1978 no menciona explícitamente la competencia para legislar sobre el cambio climático y la transición energética, estas áreas se incluyen dentro de las competencias del Estado para la protección del medio ambiente y la planificación de la economía. La Ley 7/2021 se desarrolla bajo estas competencias exclusivas del Estado, permitiendo a las Comunidades Autónomas crear normativas complementarias y adaptadas a sus necesidades regionales. También se examinan las legislaciones autonómicas de la Comunidad Valenciana, el País Vasco, Canarias y la Comunidad Foral de Navarra, las primeras en desarrollar la normativa estatal.
A Promoção do Direito Climático por meio das Cláusulas de Descarbonização: Sustentabilidade e Responsabilidade Civil Objetiva Internacional
Authors: Stoll Sabrina Lehnen , Leves Aline Michele Pedron , Cavalheiro Larissa Nunes Cavalheiro
Published: November 2024

O presente estudo consiste na observação e análise de novas teorias filosóficas e sociais do direito que possibilitam a criação de instrumentos de governança climática mais eficazes e resilientes. O contexto é de risco e as mudanças climáticas são a externalidade destes que se constituem como um dos fatores de aumento de volume, intensificação e severidade dos eventos catastróficos em nível global. Uma das atuais propostas de governança para a mitigação dos riscos são os créditos de descarbonização. O artigo tem por objetivo analisar reflexivamente as teorias sobre o risco e emergência climática com a possibilidade de sua operacionalização em conjunto com a aplicação da responsabilidade civil objetiva internacional em caso de dano ambiental e com a recente medida de redução de emissão de CO2 e metano através da política de descarbonização. O método sistêmico funcional orienta o desenvolvimento argumentativo da pesquisa. Entre as possibilidades de conclusão insere-se que a reponsabilidade civil objetiva no que se refere aos danos ambientais, assim como os créditos de descarbonização se mostram como importantes ferramentas para a prevenção do risco. Todavia, estes necessitam de um aperfeiçoamento para que sejam amplamente difundidos e aplicados pela sociedade, auxiliando de forma efetiva na manutenção do direito ambiental ecologicamente equilibrado, haja vista que os danos climáticos atualmente estão no patamar de irreversibilidade.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Descarbonização; Direito Climático; Mudanças Climáticas; Responsabilidade Civil; Sustentabilidade.
Preference behavior of Phytoseiulus persimilis and Neoseiulus californicus affected by heterospecific predators
Authors: Kalmosh Fatma , Zhang Bo , Xu Xuenong
Published: November 2024

The initial phase in optimizing the efficacy of multiple predators in biocontrol programs involves elucidating their reactions in the presence of heterospecific competitors. Predators sharing the same trophic level may interfere with one another through competition for food resources and engage in internal predation dynamics. This study explored the compatibility of two predatory mite species, Phytoseiulus persimilis, and Neoseiulus californicus, as biocontrol agents targeting Tetranychus urticae. Plants with prey and those with prey plus heterospecifics were used to assess the preference of adult females of the predatory mite competitors. Our results indicated no significant preference by either predatory mite species for plants with spider mites alone or alongside heterospecifics. Additionally, the fecundity rates of both species remained unaffected by the presence of heterospecifics. Notably, N. californicus strongly preferred aggregating eggs on the side with spider mite webs, contrasting with the more random distribution of P. persimilis eggs, although the distribution of eggs on leaf discs was altered in the presence of higher densities of heterospecifics. The total number of eggs of each predator species remained unaffected by the presence of heterospecifics. While our findings suggest compatibility between P. persimilis and N. californicus, which could enhance their combined use in pest management, further field studies are necessary to validate this potential under diverse environmental conditions and pest densities.
Postdocs should receive relocation benefits from the universities that hire them
Authors: Sabree Zakee L. , Cross Kayla , Gentry James , McAfee Katie
Published: November 2024

Postdocs are essential to microbial science and STEM academic workforces but are underpaid and receive little-to-no relocation benefits. PhDs foregoing postdoctoral training for lucrative industry and government jobs exit the academic pipeline, which imperils current scholarship and the future professoriate. Relocation to postdoc jobs is expensive, especially for recent graduates and international scholars, but academia rarely provides support. Solving this short-term liquidity pressure can increase productivity, job satisfaction, and the likelihood they remain in academia.
Supplemental Material: Recognition of muddy hyperpycnites in deep-lacustrine settings: Depositional model for muddy hyperpycnal flows in lacustrine basins
Authors: Lin Miruo , Xi Kelai , al. et
Published: November 2024

Evidence for muddy hyperpycnites in deep-lacustrine settings.
Top-down infliximab plus azathioprine versus azathioprine alone in patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis responsive to intravenous steroids: a parallel, open-label randomised controlled trial, the ACTIVE trial
Authors: Amiot Aurelien , Seksik Philippe , Meyer Antoine , Stefanescu Carmen , Wils Pauline , Altwegg Romain , Vuitton Lucine , Plastaras Laurianne , Nicolau Adrien , Pereira Bruno , Duveau Nicoals , Laharie David , Mboup Bassirou , Boualit Medina , Allez Matthieu , Rajca Sylvie , Chanteloup Elise , Bouguen Guillaume , Bazin Thomas , Goutorbe Felix , Richard Nicolas , Moussata Driffa , Vicaut Eric , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent
Published: November 2024

Background

It is unknown which maintenance therapy is the most effective option for patients admitted for an acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) episode responding to intravenous steroids.

Methods

We conducted a multicentre, parallel-group, open-label randomised controlled trial among 23 French centres in thiopurine and biologics-naïve adults admitted for ASUC responding to intravenous steroids. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive infliximab (IFX) and azathioprine (AZA) with a 7-day steroid tapering scheme (IFX+AZA arm) or AZA and conventional standardised steroid tapering regimen (AZA arm). The primary composite endpoint was treatment failure at week 52, defined as the absence of steroid-free clinical remission, the absence of endoscopic response, the use of a prohibited treatment for relapse, severe adverse event leading to treatment interruption, colectomy or death. Multiple imputation for missing data was performed.

Findings

Among the 64 patients randomised (Lichtiger score 13.5±2.0; median age of 34.5 (P25–P75 26.3–50.3) years, median C reactive protein of 29.0 (12.8–96.8) mg/L at baseline): 32 were assigned to the IFX+AZA arm and 32 to the AZA arm. In the ITT population, treatment failure at week 52 was observed in 22/27 (81.5%) in the AZA arm and 16/30 (53.3%) in the IFX+AZA arm (risk ratio 3.85, 95% CI (1.15 to 12.88), p=0.03). 29 adverse events were severe, including 13 disease exacerbations, 6 severe infections without any difference between both arms.

Interpretation

Combination therapy with IFX+AZA was more effective at 1 year than AZA alone to avoid treatment failure in patients with ASUC responding to intravenous steroids.

Trial registration number

NCT02425852
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Causes and consequences: development and pathophysiology of Hirschsprung disease
Authors: Burns Alan J , Goldstein Allan M
Published: November 2024

Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a congenital enteric neuropathy in which the enteric nervous system (ENS) fails to develop along variable lengths of the distal gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This aganglionosis results in a functional bowel obstruction and requires surgical resection of the aganglionic segment. Despite surgery, however, long-term bowel dysfunction affects many patients. Understanding the embryologic causes and pathophysiologic consequences of HSCR is critical to improving its diagnosis and treatment. During normal gut development, the ENS arises from neural crest cells (NCCs) that delaminate from the neural tube to populate the entire GI tract with enteric neurons and glia. This process requires NCCs to undergo proliferation, migration and differentiation to form the complex neuroglial network that regulates gut motility and other intestinal functions. This review discusses the cellular and molecular processes that control normal ENS formation and what goes awry to give rise to HSCR. The complex pathophysiologic consequences of aganglionosis are discussed, including recent observations that describe novel aspects of HSCR beyond the absence of ganglion cells. This review aims to expand the understanding of HSCR and to stimulate new ideas on how to improve current management of the disease.
The Post Effect of Embedded Neural Network Mandarin Proficiency Test on Chinese Learners
Authors: Qian Guigui
Published: November 2024

In the context of rapid technological advancement, embedded neural network technology is gradually penetrating into the field of education, especially in computer-aided language learning (CALL) platforms, bringing unprecedented changes to Mandarin proficiency testing. This study focuses on the application of embedded neural network technology in Mandarin proficiency testing and its post effects on Chinese language learners, aiming to explore in depth how this emerging technology affects learners’ performance, motivation, and long-term learning outcomes. The core of the research lies in comparing the differences in learner performance, motivation, and subsequent learning behavior between computerized testing using embedded neural network technology and traditional paper-based testing. A comparative analysis of two testing modes was conducted by selecting Chinese learners with different language proficiency levels as samples. Preliminary results show that the Mandarin proficiency test based on embedded neural networks not only significantly improves learners’ learning motivation, but also demonstrates more significant results in improving listening and speaking skills due to its personalized teaching resources and intelligent feedback mechanism. This technology simulates real language environments and provides customized learning paths, effectively enhancing learners’ engagement and learning outcomes.
E-Commerce Platform User Evaluation Sentiment Analysis and Emotion-Oriented Marketing Strategy Research Based on Big Data Technology
Authors: Zuo Shihua
Published: November 2024

This study aims to optimize the sentiment analysis process of user evaluation texts through big data technology and natural language processing technology. This includes developing or improving existing emotion classification algorithms (such as ISOMAP algorithm) to more accurately identify positive, negative, and neutral emotions in user evaluations. Based on sentiment analysis, deeply explore user evaluations with different emotional tendencies and extract key factors that affect user emotions. These key factors may involve multiple aspects such as product quality, service attitude, and logistics speed, which can help companies gain a more comprehensive understanding of user needs and pain points. First, this paper summarizes the theoretical basis and research status of sentiment analysis and clarifies the background and significance of the research. In this study, natural language processing technology and the ISOMAP algorithm were used to classify the emotional tendency of user evaluation texts and three emotional categories were identified: positive, negative and neutral. Then, big data analysis tools are used to dig deeply into user evaluations with different emotional tendencies and extract the key factors affecting user emotions. On this basis, this paper constructs an emotionally-oriented marketing strategy framework. Through the case analysis, the application value of sentiment analysis of e-commerce and the effectiveness of marketing strategy are verified. The research results show that the application of big data technology in user evaluation sentiment analysis can not only provide enterprises with accurate market insights but also guide enterprises to develop more effective marketing strategies and enhance their market competitiveness.
Consistency Verification Method of Chinese and Russian Traditional Culture Translation Text Corpus Based on CNN-BiGRU
Authors: Jing Zhou
Published: November 2024

China and Russia have completely different cultural backgrounds, historical traditions and ways of thinking, which makes it difficult to directly correspond or accurately convey many culturally unique concepts, customs and expressions during the translation process. For example, some idioms, sayings or cultural symbols may have completely different meanings or no equivalents in the two cultures. Therefore, there are problems such as poor verification resulting in the consistency verification of Chinese and Russian traditional cultural external publicity translation text corpus. In order to solve this problem, this paper designs a consistency verification method for Chinese and Russian traditional cultural external publicity translation text corpus based on CNN-BiGRU. Through the part-of-speech correspondence of the Chinese and Russian traditional cultural external publicity translation text corpus, it is represented by vectors, the feature weights of the Chinese and Russian traditional cultural external publicity translation text corpus are calculated, the collocation information between the feature items is determined, and the maximum likelihood of the features is calculated using data smoothing technology. The rules are adjusted to extract the characteristics of the Chinese and Russian traditional cultural external publicity translation text corpus. Preprocess the key feature source documents of each Chinese and Russian traditional culture external publicity translation text corpus, determine the source documents and their corresponding key features of the traditional culture external publicity translation text corpus, and use TF-IDF and IDF to calculate the key feature sources of the corpus. Based on the rarity of document data, the BERT model is introduced as an encoder to determine the key features of the Chinese and Russian traditional cultural external publicity translation text corpus, integrating the CNN-BiGRU algorithm to design a consistency verification algorithm for Chinese and Russian traditional cultural external publicity translation text corpus. Set up the convolution layer, weight sharing layer, pooling layer, and BiGRU verification layer to build a CNN-BiGRU model to achieve consistency verification of the Chinese and Russian traditional cultural external publicity translation text corpus. Experimental results show that this method can improve the consistency verification effect of Chinese and Russian traditional cultural external publicity translation text corpus.
Small Town Population Forecasting and Planning Method Based on Genetic Algorithm and BP Neural Network
Authors: Shen Nan
Published: November 2024

It is very important to accurately predict the population pattern in the framework of spatial planning in the township development track. In this paper, the basic principle and application field of population forecasting method of urban spatial planning are deeply studied, and the applicability of BP neural network method of genetic evolution to predict population size is described. The study initially used genetic algorithms to refine the initial weights and structure of BP neural networks to improve their proficiency and generalization ability in the interpretation of demographic data. The empirical results show that the method produces superior predictive performance on multiple township demographic data sets, especially when trying to cope with complex population dynamics. In addition, when benchmarked against traditional forecasting models, the technology showed significant enhancements in the accuracy, stability, and adaptability of predictive models. These results suggest that combining GA-driven evolution with BP neural networks provides a more robust and precise tool for population prediction.
Soliton surfaces by Landau–Lifshitz equations with null cartan curve
Authors: Erdoğdu Melek , Yavuz Ayşe
Published: November 2024

This study progresses to a detailed analysis of three-dimensional vector fields, focusing on the differential geometric properties of vector lines, including curvature and torsion, using anholonomic coordinates. Further, it investigates the curl of the binormal vector field in specific configurations, leading to the identification of surfaces with both t congruence and b congruence, supported by the Gauss–Mainardi–Codazzi equations under zero abnormality conditions. This paper also examines the application of the Landau–Lifshitz equation to null Cartan curves, deriving the evolution equation for the Spin vector and exploring its implications for moving null Cartan curves. This study attempts to increase understanding of vector field geometry and its various applications by combining theoretical insights with practical techniques.
Thermal conductivity of polar nitride perovskite LaWN3
Authors: Liu Yizhe , Zhou Xuefeng , Wang Shanmin , Sun Bo
Published: November 2024

ABX3-type nitride perovskites offer promising avenues for the future electronic industry, renowned for exceptional ferro- and piezo-electric properties with facile integration into prevalent nitride semiconductors. However, the paucity of in-depth investigations of thermal transport of nitride perovskites poses a substantial impediment to the practical implementation. Here, we experimentally investigate the thermal conductivity of orthorhombic polar LaWN3, synthesized by high-pressure high-temperature technique. The observed thermal conductivity exhibits drastic reduction with decreasing temperature, reminiscent of the behavior in amorphous silica. We postulate the anomalous glass-like thermal conductivity to a synergistic interplay of potential Ferron–phonon interactions, lattice disorders from octahedral distortions, and wave-like atomic tunneling. This study represents a pioneering exploration of thermal transport within nitride perovskites, paving the way for future advancements in nitride-based electronics.
System-class Accessibility
Authors: Fleizach Chris , Bigham Jeffrey P.
Published: November 2024

This article illustrates system-class accessibility with our work enabling iPhones to be used nonvisually using the VoiceOver screen reader. We reimagined touchscreen input for nonvisual use, introducing new gestures suitable for control of a screen reader, and for output we added support for synthesized speech and refreshable braille displays (hardware devices that output tactile braille characters). We added new accessibility APIs that applications could adopt and made our user interface frameworks include them by default. Finally, we added an accessibility service to bridge between these new inputs and outputs and the applications. Because we implemented support for VoiceOver at the system level, future accessibility features that we have released since have directly leveraged this work to provide a consistent user experience.