bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Core-shell gold-nickel nanostructures as highly selective and stable nonenzymatic glucose sensor for fermentation process
Authors: Gao Xuejin , Du Xinzhao , Liu Danye , Gao Huihui , Wang Pu , Yang Jun
Published: January 2020

Non-enzymatic electrodes based on noble metals have excellent selectivity and high sensitivity in glucose detection but no such shortcomings as easy to be affected by pH, temperature, and toxic chemicals. Herein, spherical gold-nickel nanoparticles with a core-shell construction (Au@Ni) are prepared by oleylamine reduction of their metal precursors. At an appropriate Au/Ni ratio, the core-shell Au@Ni nanoparticles as a sensor for glucose detection combine the high electrocatalytic activity, good selectivity and biological compatibility of Au with the remarkable tolerance of Ni for chlorine ions (Cl−) and poisoning intermediates in catalytic oxidation of glucose. This electrode exhibits a low operating voltage of 0.10 V vs. SCE for glucose oxidation, leading to higher selectivity compared with other Au- and Ni-based sensors. The linear range for the glucose detection is from 0.5 mmol L−1to 10 mmol L−1with a rapid response time of ca. 3 s, good stability, sensitivity estimated to be 23.17 μA cm−2mM−1, and a detection limit of 0.0157 mM. The sensor displays high anti-toxicity, and is not easily poisoned by the adsorption of Cl−in solution.
Target protein-oriented isolation of Hes1 dimer inhibitors using protein based methods
Authors: Arai Midori A. , Morita Kaori , Kawano Haruka , Makita Yuna , Hashimoto Manami , Suganami Akiko , Tamura Yutaka , Sadhu Samir K. , Ahmed Firoj , Ishibashi Masami
Published: January 2020

Natural products isolation using protein based methods is an attractive for obtaining bioactive compounds. To discover neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation activators, we isolated eight inhibitors of Hes1 dimer formation from Psidium guajava using the Hes1-Hes1 interaction fluorescent plate assay and one inhibitor from Terminalia chebula using the Hes1-immobilized beads method. Of the isolated compounds, gallic acid (8) and 4-O-(4”-O-galloyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)ellagic acid (11) showed potent Hes1 dimer formation inhibitory activity, with IC50 values of 10.3 and 2.53 μM, respectively. Compound 11 accelerated the differentiation activity of C17.2 NSC cells dose dependently, increasing the number of neurons with a 125% increase (5 μM) compared to the control.
Apelin/APJ signaling suppresses the pressure ulcer formation in cutaneous ischemia-reperfusion injury mouse model
Authors: Yamazaki Sahori , Sekiguchi Akiko , Uchiyama Akihiko , Fujiwara Chisako , Inoue Yuta , Yokoyama Yoko , Ogino Sachiko , Torii Ryoko , Hosoi Mari , Akai Ryoko , Iwawaki Takao , Ishikawa Osamu , Motegi Sei-ichiro
Published: January 2020

Several studies have demonstrated potential roles for apelin/APJ signaling in the regulation of oxidative stress associated with ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in several organs. Objective was to assess the role of apelin/APJ signaling in the development of pressure ulcers (PUs) formation after cutaneous I/R injury in mice. We identified that cutaneous I/R injury increased the expression of apelin in the skin at I/R site. Administration of apelin significantly inhibited the formation of PUs. The reductions of blood vessels, hypoxic area and apoptosis in I/R site were inhibited by apelin injection. Oxidative stress signals in OKD48 mice and the expressions of oxidative stress related genes in the skin were suppressed by apelin injection. H2O2-induced intracellular ROS and apoptosis in endothelial cells and fibroblasts were suppressed by apelin in vitro. Furthermore, MM07, biased agonist of APJ, also significantly suppressed the development of PUs after cutaneous I/R, and the inhibitory effect of MM07 on PUs formation was higher than that in apelin. We conclude that apelin/APJ signaling may inhibit cutaneous I/R injury-induced PUs formation by protecting the reduction of vascularity and tissue damage via suppression of oxidative stress. Exogenous application of apelin or MM07 might have therapeutic potentials against the development of PUs.
Author Correction: Whole genome sequencing reveals the impact of recent artificial selection on red sea bream reared in fish farms
Authors: Nam Bo-Hye , Yoo DongAhn , Kim Young-Ok , Park Jung Youn , Shin Younhee , Shin Ga-hee , Park Chan-Il , Kim Heebal , Kwak Woori
Published: January 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Acute and chronic hypoxia differentially predispose lungs for metastases
Authors: Reiterer Moritz , Colaço Renato , Emrouznejad Pardis , Jensen Anders , Rundqvist Helene , Johnson Randall S. , Branco Cristina
Published: January 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
A robust and efficient aqueous electrochemiluminescence emitter constructed by sulfonate porphyrin-based metal–organic frameworks and its application in ascorbic acid detection
Authors: Wang Yi-Wen , Nan Li-Jiao , Jiang Yi-Rong , Fan Miao-Feng , Chen Jun , Yuan Pei-Xin , Wang Ai-Jun , Feng Jiu-Ju
Published: January 2020

The robust and strong ECL emission of organic emitters in aqueous solution is crucial for expanding their applications in early diagnosis.
Can aromaticity be a kinetic trap? Example of mechanically interlocked aromatic [2-5]catenanes built from cyclo[18]carbon
Authors: Fedik Nikita , Kulichenko Maksim , Steglenko Dmitriy , Boldyrev Alexander I.
Published: January 2020

Aromaticity serves as a kinetic trap for mechanically interlocked cyclo[18]carbon rings.
Electrochemical activation of polymer chains mediated with radical transfer reactions
Authors: Chang Yu-Ling , Wei Tzu-Chien , Liu Ying-Ling
Published: January 2020

Electrochemical activation of polymer chains mediated with radical transfer reactions for polymer reactions and functionalization.
A new non-diffusional gas bubble production route in used nuclear fuel: implications for fission gas release, cladding corrosion, and next generation fuel design
Authors: Schwantes Jon M. , Bair Jacob L. , Buck Edgar C. , Devanathan Ram , Kessler Sean H. , Lach Timothy G. , Lonergan Jason M. , McNamara Bruce K. , Palmer Camille J. , Clark Richard A.
Published: January 2020

“Phase” map showing Noble metal phase particle (orange) and U fuel fragments (green and yellow) ejected into Zr cladding (red and blue) as a result of Xe bubble rupture.
The loss of ZnO as the support for metal catalysts by H2reduction
Authors: Qi Jingbo , Hu Xun
Published: January 2020

Influencing factors and mechanisms for the loss of ZnO as the support for metal catalysts by H2reduction are investigated.
Dissociation of the FEBID precursor cis-Pt(CO)2Cl2 driven by low-energy electrons
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Filipe , Thorman Rachel M. , Bjornsson Ragnar , Lu Hang , McElwee-White Lisa , Ingólfsson Oddur
Published: January 2020

In this study, we present experimental and theoretical results on dissociative electron attachment and dissociative ionisation for the potential FEBID precursor cis-Pt(CO)2Cl2.
How flexible is the water molecule structure? Analysis of crystal structures and the potential energy surface
Authors: Milovanović Milan R. , Živković Jelena M. , Ninković Dragan B. , Stanković Ivana M. , Zarić Snežana D.
Published: January 2020

High levelab initiocalculations predicted a possibility for energetically low-cost (±1 kcal mol−1) change of the bond angle and bond lengths in wide range,from 96.4° to 112.8° and from 0.930 Å to 0.989 Å, respectively.
Towards a practical perfluoroalkylation of (hetero)arenes with perfluoroalkyl bromides using cobalt nanocatalysts
Authors: Zhang Shaoke , Weniger Florian , Kreyenschulte Carsten Robert , Lund Henrik , Bartling Stephan , Neumann Helfried , Ellinger Stefan , Taeschler Christoph , Beller Matthias
Published: January 2020

This paper report a convenient methodology for perfluoroalkylation including trifluoromethylation of (hetero)arenes with perfluoroalkyl bromides using a specific cobalt-based nanocatalyst.
Improved photon absorption in dye-functionalized silicon nanocrystals synthesizedviamicrowave-assisted hydrosilylation
Authors: Beri Deski , Jakoby Marius , Howard Ian A. , Busko Dmitry , Richards Bryce S. , Turshatov Andrey
Published: January 2020

Silicon nanocrystals with dyes covalently anchored to the crystal surface demonstrate improved visible light absorption and near-infrared luminescence enhancement – up to ∼270% and ∼140% under excitation with blue and green light, respectively.
Novel fast-acting pyrazole/pyridine-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene silver complexes assembled with nanoparticles show enhanced safety and efficacy as anticancer therapeutics
Authors: Chen Chao , Zhou Liqian , Xie Binbin , Wang Yuchen , Ren Lulu , Chen Xiaona , Cen Beini , Lv He , Wang Hangxiang
Published: January 2020

Four multi-nuclear silver complexes with pyrazole/pyridine-functionalized NHC ligands were synthesized and characterized. The anticancer activity of these silver complexes was investigated both in vitro and in vivo.
Incorporation of Pb(ii) into hematite during ferrihydrite transformation
Authors: Lu Yang , Hu Shiwen , Liang Zheng , Zhu Mengqiang , Wang Zimeng , Wang Xiaoming , Liang Yuzhen , Dang Zhi , Shi Zhenqing
Published: January 2020

Ferrihydrite is ubiquitous in natural environments, and its transformation significantly influences the fate of heavy metals.
New γ-pyrone glycoside from Pachira glabra and assessment of its gastroprotective activity using an alcohol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats
Authors: Gamal El-Din Mariam I. , Youssef Fadia S. , Ashour Mohamed L. , Eldahshan Omayma A. , Singab Abdel Nasser B.
Published: January 2020

Phytochemical investigation of the methanol extract of Pachira glabra leaves led to the isolation of a new γ-pyrone glycoside namely 7-hydroxy maltol-3-O-β-d-glucoside (HMGlu) that demonstrated promising gastro-protective activity.
Chemical and bioactive characterization of the aromatic plant Levisticum officinale W.D.J. Koch: a comprehensive study
Authors: Spréa Rafael Mascoloti , Fernandes Ângela , Calhelha Ricardo C. , Pereira Carla , Pires Tânia C. S. P. , Alves Maria José , Canan Cristiane , Barros Lillian , Amaral Joana S. , Ferreira Isabel C. F. R.
Published: January 2020

Lovage is a source of nutrients, volatiles and bioactive compounds, and its extracts exhibit interesting antioxidant potential and bacteriostatic activity against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
In situ polymerization of polyaniline on cotton fabrics with phytic acid as a novel efficient dopant for flame retardancy and conductivity switching
Authors: Zhou Qingqing , Chen Jiayi , Zhou Tianchi , Shao Jianzhong
Published: January 2020

A flame-retardant conductive cotton fabric switch was successfully prepared by the in situ polymerization of polyaniline doped with novel phytic acid (PA) by impregnation in an ice water bath for 24 h.
A new approach to the fabrication of VO2 nanoswitches with ultra-low energy consumption
Authors: Prinz Victor Ya. , Mutilin Sergey V. , Yakovkina Lyubov V. , Gutakovskii Anton K. , Komonov Alexander I.
Published: January 2020

The use of VO2 single crystals with embedded nanotips leads to the 4.2 fJ energy consumption per switching and ensures a high stability and endurance of the nanoswitches.
Amphoteric natural starch-coated polymer nanoparticles with excellent protein corona-free and targeting properties
Authors: Huang Bo , Yang Zhenxing , Fang Senbiao , Li Yan , Zhong Zicheng , Zheng Ruoqian , Zhang Jinzhi , Wang Hangxing , Wang Suxiao , Zou Qichao , Wu Limin
Published: January 2020

Novel amphoteric starch-stabilized nanoparticles exhibit excellent protein corona-free properties and also functionalized by antibodies to achieve excellent targeting and cell internalization capabilities for their use in photodynamic therapy.
Reversible cation exchange on macroscopic CdSe/CdS and CdS nanorod based gel networks
Authors: Lübkemann Franziska , Rusch Pascal , Getschmann Sven , Schremmer Björn , Schäfer Malte , Schulz Marcel , Hoppe Bastian , Behrens Peter , Bigall Nadja C. , Dorfs Dirk
Published: January 2020

Nanoparticle-based lyogels or aerogels represent a type of bridge between the macroscopic and nanoscopic world, while these structures are used to demonstrate the feasibility of cation exchange reactions on such macroscopic nanomaterials.
Dynamic single-molecule counting for the quantification and optimization of nanoparticle functionalization protocols
Authors: Horáček Matěj , Engels Dion J. , Zijlstra Peter
Published: January 2020

We provide a super-resolution microscopy method to characterize the chemical interface of nanoparticles at the single-molecule level. This provides a direct quantification and optimization of functionalization protocols for bio-medical applications.
Elucidation of the atroposelectivity in the synthesis of axially chiral thiohydantoin derivatives
Authors: Haslak Zeynep Pinar , Agopcan Cinar Sesil , Sarigul Ozbek Sevgi , Monard Gérald , Dogan Ilknur , Aviyente Viktorya
Published: January 2020

A DFT study is carried out in order to elucidate the racemization and cyclization mechanism as well as the atroposelectivity during the synthesis of 2-thiohydantoins. Computational data shows that the racemization occurs after cyclization with the assistance of triethyl amine.
Hydrogen-bond-driven supramolecular self-assembly of diacetylene derivatives for topochemical polymerization in solution
Authors: Fan Jianqiang , Xu Xiao , Yu Wei , Wei Zhihong , Zhang Dengqing
Published: January 2020

We report here photoinduced topochemical polymerizations of diacetylene-derivatized compound by the introduction of amide functions as the structure directing agent in solution.
Graphene-oxide loading on natural zeolite particles for enhancement of adsorption properties
Authors: Silva M. R. , Lecus A. , Gajdardziska-Josifovska M. , Schofield M. , Virnoche M. , Chang J. , Chen J. , Garman D.
Published: January 2020

Multiple methods of grafting graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets to natural clinoptilolite-rich zeolite particles were developed in our laboratory.
Comparison of emulsifying capacity of two hemicelluloses from moso bamboo in soy oil-in-water emulsions
Authors: Li Yan-Fei , Yue Pan-Pan , Hao Xiang , Bian Jing , Ren Jun-Li , Peng Feng , Sun Run-Cang
Published: January 2020

Oil-in-water food emulsions consisting of natural emulsifiers has been an active field of green scientific inquiry.
Surface reduction properties of ceria–zirconia solid solutions: a first-principles study
Authors: Cao Xuesong , Zhang Chenxi , Wang Zehua , Liu Wen , Sun Xiaomin
Published: January 2020

Activation energies for CO oxidation by lattice oxygen on Ce1−xZrxO2 (x = 0.125, 0.250, 0.375, 0.500, 0.625, 0.750, 0.875) (110) surfaces.
Cu-MOF derived Cu–C nanocomposites towards high performance electrochemical supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Jun , Rao Mumin , Ye Changchun , Qiu Yongcai , Su Wenjun , Zheng Sheng-run , Fan Jun , Cai Song-liang , Zhang Wei-Guang
Published: January 2020

A new Cu–C nanocomposite derived from Cu-based metal–organic framework exhibits greatly improved electrochemical performance.
An exclusive deposition method of silver nanoparticles on TiO2 particles via low-temperature decomposition of silver-alkyldiamine complexes in aqueous media
Authors: Yahagi Tomohiro , Togashi Takanari , Kurihara Masato
Published: January 2020

The low-temperature decomposition of Ag(i)–dmpda complexes catalytically occurs on TiO2 surfaces in water.
Facile surface modification of LSCF/GDC cathodes by epitaxial deposition of Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3via ultrasonic spray infiltration
Authors: Song You-Hwa , Rehman Saeed Ur , Kim Hye-Sung , Song Ho-Seon , Song Rak-Hyun , Lim Tak-Hyoung , Hong Jong-Eun , Park Seok-Joo , Huh Joo-Youl , Lee Seung-Bok
Published: January 2020

Ultrasonic spray infiltration is demonstrated by surface tailoring of LSCF/GDC cathodes by generating high dispersion and epitaxial deposition of Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3 catalyst nanolayer, which promotes high and stable performance outcomes of the SOFCs.
Poly(ester-thioether) microspheres co-loaded with erlotinib and α-tocopheryl succinate for combinational therapy of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Cheng Furong , Peng Xinyu , Meng Guolong , Pu Yuji , Luo Kui , He Bin
Published: January 2020

We report erlotinib and α-TOS combination as a novel strategy for therapy of NSCLC and poly(ester-thioether) microspheres as a robust depot for their local combination therapy.
Synthesis of ABn-type colloidal molecules by polymerization-induced particle-assembly (PIPA)
Authors: Li Dan , Chen Xi , Zeng Min , Ji Jinzhao , Wang Yun , Yang Zhenzhong , Yuan Jinying
Published: January 2020

Using isotropic diblock copolymer spheres, polymerization-induced particle-assembly directly produces colloidal molecules.
A novel UTMD system facilitating nucleic acid delivery into MDA-MB-231 cells
Authors: Zhang Hui , Li Yue , Rao Fang , Liufu Chun , Wang Yi , Chen Zhiyi
Published: January 2020

Gene therapy is emerging as a promising method for the treatment of various diseases. The safe and efficient delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids is a gene therapy prerequisite. Ultrasound, particularly in combination with microbubbles composed of biocompatible materials such as lipid, PLGA and chitosan, is a novel non-viral tool for gene transportation. Under ultrasound irradiation, microbubbles explode and generate pores in the cell membrane. Hence, genes can enter cells more easily. In order to transfect nucleic acids into MDA-MB-231 cells in a low-cost and non-viral manner for further breast cancer gene therapy studies, we explored ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) technology and evaluated the efficiency and safety of the delivery of plasmid encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (pEGFP) and a microRNA-34a (miR-34a) mimic by UTMD. Sonovitro ultrasonic apparatus was employed to generate ultrasonic field, which was developed by our group. Ultrasonic parameters, including acoustic intensity (AI), exposure time (ET) and duty cycle (DC), were optimized at 0.6 W/cm2 AI, 20 s ET and 20% DC, the cell viability was not obviously impaired. Under these conditions, the UTMD-mediated transfection efficiency of pEGFP was greater than 40%. In addition to plasmid DNA, an miR-34a mimic was also successfully introduced into the cytoplasm by UTMD and found to inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells and regulate downstream molecules. The present study indicates that further in vivo UTMD-mediated gene therapy studies are warranted.
Spectrum shaping using NC‐OFDM for cognitive radio applications
Authors: Sanker Penilop Parukutty , Jayaprakash Narayanan Bhaghath Perumbilavil , Kaliappan Mourougayane
Published: January 2020

Cognitive radio (CR) is an innovative technology that supports dynamic spectrum access to utilise the spectrum more efficiently in an opportunistic manner without interfering with the licensed users. Multi‐carrier modulation techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is identified as one of the suitable candidates for the design of CR systems. To provide high data rates while avoiding interference with licensed users, a variant of OFDM called non‐contiguous OFDM (NC‐OFDM) is used in CR. NC‐OFDM is useful for dynamic shaping of spectrum based on the channel impairments, interference and jamming threats. In this work, the customised NC‐OFDM transceiver link is simulated and compared with the customised OFDM link in the MATLAB environment. It is implemented in Zynq‐7000 System‐on‐Chip (SoC) 7Z020 with radio‐frequency front‐end board, AD‐FMCOMMS3‐EBZ Software Defined Radio platform. Implementation of this link is carried out on Spartan‐3A FPGA and compared the hardware resource utilisation with Zynq platform. It is observed that the Zynq platform utilises less hardware resources for the implementation. The transmitter spectrum, spectrum after de‐activating unwanted sub‐carriers, the spectrum shaping using raised cosine filtering, spectrum sensing using the correlation of known pattern and FFT‐based spectrum sensing are also simulated in the MATLAB.
Control of chaotic advection for mixing system using universal motor
Authors: Kundu Susmita , Chatterjee Debashis , Chakrabaty Krishnendu
Published: January 2020

This study presents a method of chaotification of universal motor drive by selecting appropriate topology of the power circuit and suitably choosing values of circuit components for mixing application. The purpose of chaotification is to improve homogeneity in the mixture and to reduce consumption of time, cost and energy. In particular, the dynamic behaviour of a pulse‐width modulation controlled chopper fed universal motor drive with diode bridge rectifier at the source side has been explored for the occurrence of chaos in the mixer motor. Performance of the drive has been investigated with two different topologies of the filter circuit. The first topology uses a capacitor filter after diode rectifier and the other includes an LC filter at the motor terminals along with source‐side capacitor filter. A systematic methodology for selecting appropriate values of the filter circuit components has been proposed for imparting chaotic motion to the motor load system. A comparative study showing a range of load torque and speed for which sub‐harmonic or chaotic speed oscillation occurs in the motor for both the topologies of filter circuit has also been presented. Computer simulations and results of laboratory experiment performed on a 0.5 hp, 1800‐rpm universal motor validate the proposed design method of the motor drive for the better mixing process.
Rotor UMP characteristics and vibration properties in synchronous generator due to 3D static air‐gap eccentricity faults
Authors: He Yu‐Ling , Sun Yue‐Xin , Xu Ming‐Xing , Wang Xiao‐Long , Wu Yu‐Cai , Vakil Gaurang , Gerada David , Gerada Chris
Published: January 2020

In this article, the qualitative theoretical derivation, together with finite element analysis and experimental studies are presented to investigate the unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) as well as the rotor vibration characteristics. Differently from previous studies, this study focuses on the UMP/vibration not only under the normal and the conventional radial rotor eccentricity conditions but also for three‐dimensional (3D) hybrid static air‐gap eccentricity (SAGE) cases which are composed of both the radial SAGE and the axial SAGE. The detailed UMP expressions before and after each SAGE, are first deduced based on the analysis of the magnetic flux density variation. Then, the 3D finite element calculation and the experimental study are carried out on the CS‐5 prototype generator which has two poles and a rated speed of 3000 rpm in order to validate the proposed theoretical analysis. It is shown that the DC component and the even harmonics of the radial UMP/vibration, especially the second harmonic, increase under the SAGE conditions. Specifically, the increment of the radial SAGE increases both the radial and the axial UMPs/vibrations, while the growth of the axial SAGE increases the axial UMP/vibration but meanwhile reduces the radial UMP/vibration.
Intelligent topology‐oriented LS scheme in power systems integrated with high wind power penetration
Authors: Zare Farzaneh , Ranjbar Alimohammad , Faghihi Faramarz
Published: January 2020

Load shedding (LS) is one of the most important protection schemes to prevent system blackout. In the case of large disturbances, optimal LS in appropriate buses can effectively maintain the system stability. The higher complexity and lower predictability of modern power systems with high wind power penetration make it difficult to rely on conventional LS schemes, which shed a fixed, predetermined amount of load regardless of disturbance location. This study presents an intelligent LS scheme based on synchrophasor measurements that are adapted to both disturbance size and power system inertia. The proposed scheme utilises improved power flow tracing method to determine the amount and location of load curtailment considering power system constraints. The new method is successfully tested in the IEEE 39‐bus system with high wind power penetration.
Novel travelling wave directional pilot protection for VSC‐HVDC transmission line
Authors: Wang Dong , Yu Dachuan , Yang Haishan , Hou Mengqian , Guo Yifei
Published: January 2020

As known, voltage source converter‐based high‐voltage direct current (VSC‐HVDC) transmission system is widely utilised in actual power grid. It is suitable for asynchronous networking, such as the connection of offshore wind farm to main power grid. Generally, as primary protection principle, travelling wave (TW) protection is adopted based on the technologies of ABB and SIEMENS, of which is only transient quantity based protection principle instead of true TW protection principle and has no fault direction discrimination ability. Besides, because of the large capacitances applied on converter station, the voltage TW (VTW) information cannot be detected by the protection units of two terminals. Therefore, this study proposes a novel TW directional pilot protection based on current TW (CTW) and direct current voltage. In the beginning, this study the unusual propagation characteristic of VTW or CTW along with the VSC‐HVDC transmission line. Afterwards, this study proposes a novel fault direction discrimination criterion using the integral of instantaneous TW power. Eventually, using PSCAD/EMTDC, a typical VSC‐HVDC transmission system simulation model is constructed to verify novel protection's performances.
Optimal pricing strategy of power‐retailing companies considering demand response in block bidding markets
Authors: Guo Ningxuan , Wang Yinan , Xu Zhixiang , Yan Gangfeng
Published: January 2020

Block bidding market (BBM) is a new electricity market mode in the day‐ahead market, which is in the stage of development and promotion in China. It is based on the idea that energy should have the same price according to the continuous duration of load. In this study, the authors propose an optimisation model of pricing and purchasing strategy for power‐retailing companies in BBMs, based on bilateral contracts with customers and portfolio management of demand response resources. The model consists of an expected profit maximisation problem of supplying energy to end‐customers, and a total cost minimisation problem concerning the dispatching of fixed loads and shiftable loads. The proposed model is formulated as a bi‐level mixed‐integer non‐linear program. A load division method is proposed to get better division result by eliminating duration restrictions on divided blocks. The proposed approximate solving algorithm overcomes the diculties in linearisation and gets rid of the inuence of initial value. The strategy is applied to an actual case and is simulated based on real data. Simulation results show that the proposed model has great peak‐shaving effects, and can effectively bring more profit to the power‐retailing companies while reducing electricity bills of customers.
Combination of HF set and MCDM for stable clustering in VANETs
Authors: Chettibi Saloua
Published: January 2020

Fast‐moving nodes in vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) make network topology very dynamic, which deteriorates communication reliability and scalability. To overcome this problem, a hierarchical topology can be created using a clustering algorithm. This study presents a novel hesitant fuzzy (HF) multi‐criteria ranking framework to deal with cluster‐heads (CHs) election problem in VANET. An analogy is suggested between ‘ranking of HF elements’ and ‘CH selection in VANET’. Within the proposed framework, a multiple criteria decision‐making (MCDM) method should be used to calculate vehicle eligibility to become CH. In this study, technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) and EVAluation of MIXed data (EVAMIX) MCDM methods are applied. A simulation study, under a highway scenario, is conducted to investigate the performance of HF‐TOPSIS, HF‐VIKOR and HF‐EVAMIX‐based clustering algorithms. Obtained results show that CH election based on HF‐EVAMIX leads to more stable clustering in comparison with HF‐TOPSIS, HF‐VIKOR and the conventional threshold‐based method.
Driving policies of V2X autonomous vehicles based on reinforcement learning methods
Authors: Wu Zhenyu , Qiu Kai , Gao Hongbo
Published: January 2020

Autonomous driving has been achieving great progress since last several years. However, the autonomous vehicles always ignore the important traffic information on the road because of the uncertainties of driving environment and the limitations of onboard sensors. This might cause serious safety problem in autonomous driving. This study argues that the connected vehicles could share much more environmental information with each other. Therefore, a decision‐making method based on reinforcement learning is proposed for V2X autonomous vehicles. First, the V2X autonomous driving architecture with three subsystems is designed. By V2V communication, an autonomous vehicle could obtain much more environmental information. Second, a reinforcement learning based model is applied to learn from the V2V observation data. A simulation environment is setup based on OpenAI reinforcement learning framework. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the V2X in autonomous driving.
Grid‐less coherent DOA estimation based on fourth‐order cumulants with Gaussian coloured noise
Authors: Zhang Yuying , Zhang Gong , Leung Henry
Published: January 2020

This study investigates the continuous coherent direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) estimation, and concentrated on developing grid‐less sparsity‐based methods to Gaussian coloured noise environment. The noise component is greatly suppressed by applying fourth‐order cumulants (FOC) due to its blind property to additive Gaussian noise. Two grid‐less sparse models are designed separately. The first sparse representation model is built based on the simplified FOC vector, which would effectively reduce the computational complexity. Then the dual atomic norm minimisation algorithms are applied to solve the basis mismatch problem and improve the estimation accuracy. Additionally, a Toeplitz matrix based on FOC vector is constructed. The second sparse model based on this Toeplitz FOC matrix is proposed to implement array aperture extension, which can break through the restriction of maximum signal number and improve resolution. The proposed methods can handle the coherent signals and do not require the signal number as a prior. Numerical simulations demonstrate the outperformance of the proposed methods in estimation precision, computational cost and robustness to coloured noise.
H4LO: automation platform for efficient RF fingerprinting using SLAM‐derived map and poses
Authors: Kozłowski Michał , Twomey Niall , Byrne Dallan , Pope James , Santos‐Rodríguez Raúl , Piechocki Robert J.
Published: January 2020

One of the main shortcomings of received signal strength‐based indoor localisation techniques is the labour and time cost involved in acquiring labelled ‘ground‐truth’ training data. This training data is often obtained through fingerprinting, which involves visiting all prescribed locations to capture sensor observations throughout the environment. In this work, the authors present a helmet for localisation optimisation (H4LO): a low‐cost robotic system designed to cut down on said labour by utilising an off‐the‐shelf light detection and ranging device. This system allows for simultaneous localisation and mapping, providing the human user with accurate pose estimation and a corresponding map of the environment. The high‐resolution location estimation can then be used to train a positioning model, where received signal strength data is acquired from a human‐worn wearable device. The method is evaluated using live measurements, recorded within a residential property. They compare the groundtruth location labels generated automatically by the H4LO system with a camera‐based fingerprinting technique from previous work. They find that the system remains comparable in performance to the less efficient camera‐based method, whilst removing the need for time‐consuming labour associated with registering the user's location.
Modelling the asymmetries of the Sun’s radial p-mode line profiles
Authors: Philidet J. , Belkacem K. , Samadi R. , Barban C. , Ludwig H.-G.
Published: January 2020

Context. The advent of space-borne missions has substantially increased the number and quality of the measured power spectrum of solar-like oscillators. It now allows for the p-mode line profiles to be resolved and facilitates an estimation of their asymmetry. The fact that this asymmetry can be measured for a variety of stars other than the Sun calls for a revisiting of acoustic mode asymmetry modelling. This asymmetry has been shown to be related to a highly localised source of stochastic driving in layers just beneath the surface. However, existing models assume a very simplified, point-like source of excitation. Furthermore, mode asymmetry could also be impacted by a correlation between the acoustic noise and the oscillating mode. Prior studies have modelled this impact, but only in a parametrised fashion, which deprives them of their predictive power.

Aims. In this paper, we aim to develop a predictive model for solar radial p-mode line profiles in the velocity spectrum. Unlike the approach favoured by prior studies, this model is not described by free parameters and we do not use fitting procedures to match the observations. Instead, we use an analytical turbulence model coupled with constraints extracted from a 3D hydrodynamic simulation of the solar atmosphere. We then compare the resulting asymmetries with their observationally derived counterpart.

Methods. We model the velocity power spectral density by convolving a realistic stochastic source term with the Green’s function associated with the radial homogeneous wave equation. We compute the Green’s function by numerically integrating the wave equation and we use theoretical considerations to model the source term. We reconstruct the velocity power spectral density and extract the line profile of radial p-modes as well as their asymmetry.

Results. We find that stochastic excitation localised beneath the mode upper turning point generates negative asymmetry for ν <  νmax and positive asymmetry for ν >  νmax. On the other hand, stochastic excitation localised above this limit generates negative asymmetry throughout the p-mode spectrum. As a result of the spatial extent of the source of excitation, both cases play a role in the total observed asymmetries. By taking this spatial extent into account and using a realistic description of the spectrum of turbulent kinetic energy, both a qualitative and quantitative agreement can be found with solar observations performed by the GONG network. We also find that the impact of the correlation between acoustic noise and oscillation is negligible for mode asymmetry in the velocity spectrum.
Preliminary proliferation study of the molten salt fast reactor
Authors: Allibert Michel , Merle Elsa , Delpech Sylvie , Gerardin Delphine , Heuer Daniel , Laureau Axel , Moreau Simon
Published: January 2020

The molten salt reactor designs, where fissile and fertile materials are dissolved in molten salts, under consideration in the framework of the Generation IV International Forum, present some unusual characteristics in terms of design, operation, safety and also proliferation resistance issues. This paper has the main objective of presenting some proliferation challenges for the reference version of the Molten Salt Fast Reactor (MSFR), a large power reactor based on the thorium fuel cycle. Preliminary studies of proliferation resistance are presented here, dedicated to the threat of nuclear material diversion in the MSFR, considering both the reactor system itself and the processing units located onsite.
La norme et la prescription linguistique en France
1550-1720
L’exemple des remarqueurs
Authors: Caron Philippe , Ayres-Bennett Wendy
Published: January 2020

Dans cet article nous nous proposons d’utiliser les remarqueurs comme des révélateurs de la sensibilité normative en France, en nous intéressant particulièrement à deux domaines significatifs : d’une part, les zones de l’usage qui attirent le plus les remarqueurs et, d’autre part, l’énonciation des remarques comme un indice du rapport du scripteur à l’autorité. Nous commençons par considérer les travaux d’histoire institutionnelle très récents, travaux qui nous conduisent à mieux comprendre une face cachée jusqu’alors de l’histoire de la norme en France : celle de l’exclusion du Parlement de Paris comme modèle de bon usage. Dans la seconde moitié de l’article nous abordons une question incontournable : celle de la portée des injonctions normatives sur l’usage, en examinant trois études de cas dans les domaines de la morphologie et du lexique.
Is landscape of fear of macroinvertebrate communities a major determinant of mesopredator and prey activity?
Authors: Manenti Raoul , Barzaghi Benedetta
Published: January 2020

Macroinvertebrate foragers play an important role on the trophic structures of freshwater environments, and multiple trophic levels occur among macroinvertebrate communities providing very interesting scenarios for testing scientific hypotheses. One of the most intriguing aspect to understand is the role played by the landscape of fear (LOF) on macrobenthos density and activity. With this pilot study we wanted to test if LOF at the macrobenthos community levels plays a role in determining the density of both prey and mesopredators. During two consecutive years, we evaluated, with both day and night surveys, the density of two mesopredator triclad species and of one detritivore prey crustacean species, and we compared them to the number of respective predators occurring in the macroinvertebrate community. LOF levels at the macroinvertebrate community did not reduce the abundance of the target taxa. One of the triclad species was instead positively related to the levels of LOF assessed for it on the basis of the available knowledge. The broad implication of the research is that the abundance of freshwater macroinvertebrates is not mainly linked to the predation risk at the community level, suggesting that also for researches on macrobenthos LOF analyses should take in consideration the role of top predators.
Nucléaire et hydrogène, quelles productions possibles ?
Authors: Guidez Joël
Published: January 2020

Aujourd’hui en France, on produit environ un million de tonnes d’hydrogène par an. Cet hydrogène est utilisé dans l’industrie pétrolière (59 %), dans l’industrie chimique (26 %, correspondant à la production d’ammoniaque pour les engrais) et pour d’autres usages industriels (15 %).
Mismatch Negativity Occurrence with Verbal and Nonverbal Stimuli in Normal-Hearing Adults
Authors: Brückmann Mirtes , Garcia Michele Vargas
Published: January 2020

Introduction The mismatch negativity (MMN) is a long-latency auditory evoked potential related to a passive elicited auditory event.

Objective To verify the occurrence of MMN with different stimuli, to describe reference values in normal-hearing adults with verbal and nonverbal stimuli and to compare them with each other, besides analyzing the latency, area, and amplitude regarding gender and between the ears.

Method Normal-hearing individuals, aged between 18 and 59 years old, participated in the study. As inclusion criterion in the study, all of them underwent tone threshold audiometry, logoaudiometry, tympanometry, and the Dichotic Sentence Identification (DSI) test, and later the MMN with 4 different stimuli, being 2 verbal (da/ta and ba/di) and 2 nonverbal stimuli (750/1,000Hz and 750/4,000Hz), which are considered stimuli with low and high contrast.

Results A total of 90 individuals composed the sample, being 39 males and 51 females, with an average age of 26.9 years old. In the analysis of the latency, amplitude, and area of the four stimuli between the ears, they were not considered statistically different. There was a significant difference between all of the stimuli in terms of latency, amplitude and area, with the highest latency found in da/ta, and the greatest amplitude and area in ba/di. Regarding gender, there was only difference in the latency of the da/ta stimulus.

Conclusion The da/ta and 750/1,000Hz stimuli elicited the most MMN in the population of normal-hearing adults. Among the genders, there was difference only regarding the latency of the verbal stimulus da/ta, and there was no difference between the ears.
Thermography for the Diagnosis of Acute Inflammation in the Paranasal Sinus
Authors: Ishimaru Tadashi , Ishimaru Hitomi
Published: January 2020

Introduction Although computed tomography scanning is the most common method for the diagnosis of sinusitis today, X-ray imaging is still used in outpatient clinics. Because X-ray imaging is beneficial for patients with severe sinusitis but not for those with mild sinusitis, an alternative method to visualize sinusitis without X-ray imaging is desirable.

Objective To study the possibility of using thermography to visualize sinusitis.

Methods In the present study, heat distribution on the faces of individuals with and without sinusitis was studied using thermography. Overall, 10 control subjects and 20 patients with sinusitis were included. Original thermography data were cropped, resized, and converted to relative thermography data based on the average temperature for visualization and statistical analysis.

Results The shape of the maxillary and/or frontal sinuses was determined based on regions indicating increased temperature in patients with sinusitis. The region with increasing temperature was statistically visualized, and the significant side (t test, p < 0.05) coincided with the maxillary shadow on X-ray imaging.

Conclusion Thermography demonstrates visually the correlation between the surface temperature of the face and inflammation patterns in the paranasal sinus. Therefore, our comparative study using thermography to visually differentiate individuals with and without sinusitis was effective, indicating that thermography is a possible alternative to X-ray imaging to detect sinusitis.
Factors Associated with Drain Output in Patients Undergoing to Parotidectomy
Authors: Iftikhar Haissan , Dhanani Rahim , Awan Sohail , Zahid Nida , Momin Sehrish Nizar Ali
Published: January 2020

Introduction Tumors of the parotid gland are heterogeneous. The purpose of the drain placement is to evacuate fluid that has a potential to accumulate in the dead space and cause infection after parotidectomy.

Objectives To evaluate the factors associated with drain output among patients submitted to parotidectomy.

Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted in the Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from January 1994 to December 2014. Patients who underwent parotidectomy were included in the study. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with drain output.

Results A total of 193 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 46.3 years, and 57% of them were male. Length of surgery (β coefficient = 24.2; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 4.94–85.26), type of neck dissection (modified radical neck dissection: β = 93.9; 95% CI: 30.47–157.38; selective neck dissection: β = 79.9; 95%CI: 29.04–126.85), and type of parotidectomy (total β = 45.1; 95%CI: 4.94–85.26) were factors that significantly influenced drain output in patients submitted to parotidectomy with or without neck dissection.

Conclusion Neck dissection, total parotidectomy and length of surgery were predictors of postoperative neck drainage in our cohort. These factors can help predict postoperative neck drain output and help in patient counselling.
Pattern Recognition in Musculoskeletal Imaging Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Gorelik Natalia , Chong Jaron , Lin Dana J.
Published: January 2020

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to affect every step of the radiology workflow, but the AI application that has received the most press in recent years is image interpretation, with numerous articles describing how AI can help detect and characterize abnormalities as well as monitor disease response. Many AI-based image interpretation tasks for musculoskeletal (MSK) pathologies have been studied, including the diagnosis of bone tumors, detection of osseous metastases, assessment of bone age, identification of fractures, and detection and grading of osteoarthritis. This article explores the applications of AI for image interpretation of MSK pathologies.
Artificial Intelligence Explained for Nonexperts
Authors: Razavian Narges , Knoll Florian , Geras Krzysztof J.
Published: January 2020

Artificial intelligence (AI) has made stunning progress in the last decade, made possible largely due to the advances in training deep neural networks with large data sets. Many of these solutions, initially developed for natural images, speech, or text, are now becoming successful in medical imaging. In this article we briefly summarize in an accessible way the current state of the field of AI. Furthermore, we highlight the most promising approaches and describe the current challenges that will need to be solved to enable broad deployment of AI in clinical practice.
Thermal behavior analysis of different solar PV modules via thermographic imaging
Authors: Atsu Divine Kafui , Seres István , Farkas István
Published: January 2020

The temperature of a photovoltaic (PV) system is a critical factor in the photovoltaic conversion process; hence, the practical performance of a PV system significantly depends on its temperature. Several different methods exist for the determination of PV module temperature. In this study, thermography was employed to investigate the thermal behavior of different solar PV modules under outdoor operating conditions. It was observed that the temperature difference across the area of a PV module could reach as high as 12.5–14.8 °C depending on the type of PV module. Hence, the trends for the lowest and highest temperature were not predictable. Glass-to-glass non-frame PV modules exhibited the highest temperature gradients compared to glass-to-Tedlar non-frame modules. The observed temperature gradients demonstrated that measuring the temperature at a single point on the module was not sufficient to accurately represent the temperature over the entirety of the PV module.
Stability of a general discrete-time viral infection model with humoral immunity and cellular infection
Authors: Elaiw A. M. , Alshaikh M. A.
Published: January 2020

This paper studies the global stability of a general discrete-time viral infection model with virus-to-cell and cell-to-cell transmissions and with humoral immune response. We consider both latently and actively infected cells. The model incorporates three types of intracellular time delays. The production and clearance rates of all compartments as well as incidence rates of infection are modeled by general nonlinear functions. We use the nonstandard finite difference method to discretize the continuous-time model. We show that the solutions of the discrete-time model are positive and ultimately bounded. We derive two threshold parameters, the basic reproduction number R0 and the humoral immune response activation number R1, which completely determine the existence and stability of the model’s equilibria. By using Lyapunov functions, we have proven that if R0≤1, then the virus-free equilibrium Q0 is globally asymptotically stable; if R1≤1< R0, then the persistent infection equilibrium without immune response Q* is globally asymptotically stable; and if R1>1, then the persistent infection equilibrium with immune response Q¯ is globally asymptotically stable. We illustrate our theoretical results by using numerical simulations. The effects of antiretroviral drug therapy and time delay on the virus dynamics are also studied. We have shown that the time delay has a similar effect as the antiretroviral drug therapy.