bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emphysematous epididymo-orchitis with involvement of the prostate, seminal vesicles, and the scrotum: a case report
Authors: Katib Atif Abdulhamid
Published: August 2020

Emphysematous epididymo-orchitis is a rare clinical entity. Up until July 2020, only 9 cases have been reported in PubMed and Scopus platforms, one of which also had scrotal involvement. Therefore, we are reporting the second case with prostate, seminal vesicle, and scrotal involvement. The condition represents an aggressive form of infection caused by gas-forming microbes. The radiological detection of air within the organs involved in the characteristic diagnostic sign. The case we are reporting is a 47 years old diabetic, chronic renal failure patient on regular hemodialysis who had a fulminant emphysematous infection in the left testis, epididymis, spermatic cord, the prostate, seminal vesicles, and the scrotum. Emergency orchiectomy has been carried out. The most significant part of the case is the pictures showing ballooning scrotum and gas bubbles in abnormal anatomical locations.
Bridging the Gap: Why Strength and Conditioning Practitioners and Researchers should Collaborate
Authors: Langford Andrew , Bird Stephen
Published: August 2020

Leading up to the launch of the International Universities Strength and Conditioning Association Journal (IUSCA Journal) the Editorial team are publishing a ‘bridging the gap’ series of articles about how to bridge the gap between strength and conditioning (S&C) research and practice. We will be looking at how we can better work together as coaches and academics and we will be taking a closer look at the values of science and how we can apply them in practice. By drawing on the wisdom of experienced coaches and researchers, we will look at what this gap is and how we can help bridge it through increased collaboration and the removal of barriers to publication. In this first ‘Bridging the Gap’ article, we briefly discuss (1) what this gap is; (2) why it exists; and (3) potential solutions.
T. E. Lawrence's Misrepresentation of the Arabs in Seven Pillars of Wisdom
Authors: Bani Taha Ibrahim
Published: August 2020

Adopting postcolonial theory, this article investigates T. E. Lawrence's depiction of the Arabs in his Seven Pillars of Wisdom (1926). I argue that Lawrence displays a Western colonial discourse in which he represents the Arabs as the silent uncivilized "Other." Part of this colonial discourse is Lawrence’s presentation of himself as superior, prophet, leader and inspirer of the Arab Revolt. Arab leaders and tribes are depicted, in Lawrence's discourse, as an inferior "Other" who need the English to help them achieve their independence. In addition, I argue that Lawrence’s negative representation of the Arabs is an ideology that justifies Western domination over the East. Lawrence’s misrepresentation addresses Arab feuds, nature and atmosphere, Arabic language, Arab costume, and religion. Keywords: Arab Revolt, Colonial Discourse, Other, Seven Pillars of Wisdom, T.E. Lawrence
الوقف ودوره في تحقيق التنمية الاجتماعية
Authors: Alnwairan Thamer
Published: August 2020

يعتبر نظام الوقف من النظم الدينية التي اصبحت في ظل الاسلام مؤسسة عظمى لها ابعاد متعددة دينية واقتصادية واجتماعية وثقافية، فهي تجسيد حي للسماحة والعطاء والتضامن والتكافل، وذلك من خلال تغطيتها لسائر أوجه الحياة، فقد شملت المساجد والمرافق العامة والدعوة والجهاد والمدارس ودور العلم والمكتبات والمؤسسات الخيرية، وكفالة الفقراء والمساكين والمؤسسات الصحية. ولقد كان الوقف وما زال أحد أهم الأدوات الاقتصادية الاسلامية، فقد ساهم وبجلاء في تحقيق التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية وشكل من خلال خصائصه المختلفة ومرونة أحكامه حقلاً خصباً للإبداع الانساني في مجال توفير المنافع والخدمات والاعمال الخيرية في المجتمع. تهدف هذه الورقة لبيان دور الوقف في تحقيق التنمية الاجتماعية، من خلال بيان دورة في تحقيق العدالة الاجتماعية والتكافل الاجتماعي ومعالجة المشاكل الاجتماعية المختلفة من بطالة وفقر، وكذلك دورة في الرعاية الاجتماعية وتحقيق التنمية ومساهمته في توفير الامن الاجتماعي والاستقرار الاقتصادي.
الكلمات المفتاحية: الوقف الاسلامي، الوقف، التنمية الاجتماعية
حوكمة الشركات: كمدخل لمكافحة الفساد
Authors: Alshogran Hani
Published: August 2020

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى بيان دور الحوكمة المؤسسية في الشركات في مكافحة الفساد، وذلك لما لهذا الموضوع من أهمية كبيرة في القطاعات الاقتصادية المختلفة، وقد تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي للوصول لنتائج الدراسة، حيث توصلت الدراسة إلى أن تطبيق حوكمة الشركات يؤدي إلى تحقيق العديد من المنافع للشركة، وذلك من خلال ترشيد اعمال المديرين ومجلس الادارة وبالإضافة للعاملين في الشركة ومراقبي الحسابات، مما يؤدي في النهاية إلى تحقيق أهداف الحوكمة والحد من الفساد، حيث يسهم التطبيق السليم للقوانين واللوائح المالية في الحد من وقائع الفساد وتضارب المصالح بما يضمن حقوق المساهمين وكافة الحقوق الأخرى ذات العلاقة بالشركة، وفي المقابل فان عدم الالتزام بتطبيق القوانين واللوائح يؤدي الى خلق بيئة خصبة لنمو الفساد وتغلغله وعدم القدرة على مواجهته.

الكلمات المفتاحية: الحوكمة، الشركات، الفساد، أصحاب المصالح
PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI PENJUALAN PADA TOKO BUKU PELANGI ILMU MAKASSAR BERBASIS BORLAND DELPHI
Authors: B Herlinah
Published: August 2020

Sebuah bisnis terdapat 3 (tiga) metode pembelian dan penjualan yaitu sistempembelian/penjualan tunai, kredit dan konsinyasi. Pada sistem penjualan buku umumnya masih menggunakan sistem pembelian/penjualan tunai dan kredit. Hal ini akan menjadi kendala bisnis bila saat suplier ingin menitipkan buku pada toko tersebut untuk dijual. Metode titip jual atau sering disebut dengan konsinyasi menjadi salah satu tren model pembelian atau penjualan. Hal ini memerlukan solusi agar tidak terjadi permasalahan yang berulang. Metode yang digunakan dalampenelitian ini adalah metode modified waterfall yang dikembangkan oleh Winston Royce. Pada metode ini peneliti melakukan studi dan pendalaman pustaka, melakukan analisis kebutuhan sistem, perancangan sistem, desain antarmuka, pembuatan sistem dan pengujian. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebuah sistem informasi penjualan buku berbasis borland delphi. Sistem informasi penjualanini menggunakan model penjualan tunai, kredit dan konsinyasi. Penjualan dengan sistem konsinyasi ini ditujukan untuk memudahkan pengelola toko buku dalam memonitor buku-buku yang dijual secara konsinyasi.
SISTEM PENGENALAN WAJAH PADA ABSENSI DENGAN METODE INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS
Authors: Suryadi Suryadi
Published: August 2020

Pengenalan wajah merupakan salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi seseorang. Pengenalan wajah berbasis komputer ialah  pengenalan ciri wajah seseorang yang dilakukan oleh komputer dengan membandingkan pada wajah yang telah dikenali sebelumnya. Pengenalan wajah pada umumnya dilakukan dengan membandingkan citra wajah dengan citra wajah yang telah dikenali sebelumnya. Banyak metode yang dikembangkan untuk melakukan pengenalan wajah berbasis komputer, dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode independent component analysis untuk melihat performa pengenalan wajah pada manusia
PEMANFAATAN KOTORAN SAPI MENJADI BIOGAS
Authors: Amrullah Amrullah , Borahima Sulaiman , Lubis M.
Published: August 2020

Salah satu inovasi dari pengembangan energi alternatif adalah biogas. Biogas merupakan salah satu jenis energi terbarukan yang terbentuk melalui fermentasi bahan-bahan limbah organik, seperti kotoran sapi, sampah organik, serta bahan-bahan lainnya oleh bakteri metanogenik dalam kondisi anaerob (tanpa oksigen). Biogas sangat potensial sebagai sumber energi terbaru karena kandungan methan (CH4) yang tinggi dan nilai kalornya cukup tinggi. CH4 mempunyai nilai kalor 50 Mj/kg. Methan (CH4) yang memiliki satu karbon dalam setiap rantainya, dapat menghasilkan pembakaran yang lebih ramah lingkungan dibandingkan bahan bakar berantai karbon panjang. Hal ini disebabkan karena jumlah CO2 yang dihasilkan selama pembakaran bahan bakar berantai karbon pendek adalah lebih sedikit. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui proses terjadinya gas apabila perbandingan kotoran dan air yaitu : 1:1, 1:2, 1:3. Pada proses yang mengalami perubahan yang signifikan akan digunakan sebagai proses pencampuran selanjutnya. Pengukuran tekanan menggunakan manometer U, dengan waktu pengamatan interval waktu 2 jam. Tekanan biogas paling tinggi yaitu 0,432 kPa dengan perbandingan kotoran : air = 1:3 dan terendah 0,162 kPa dengan perbandingan air : kotoran = 1:1. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa perbandingan 1:3 lebih besar dibandingkan dengan 1:1 dikarenakan proses berkembang biaknya bakteri lebih cepat didalam digester.
PENGARUH HASIL LAS KOMBINASI (GTAW DAN SMAW) PADA SAMBUNGAN PIPA CARBON STEEL POSISI 6G TERHADAP UJI RADIOGRAFI DAN UJI TARIK DI ENERGY EQUITY EPIC (SENGKANG) PTY.LTD
Authors: Manguluang Zulkifli , Jamaluddin Jamaluddin , Donovan Noya Allen Dirga , Aqdar Fitrah Muhammad
Published: August 2020

Penelitian yang kami lakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara membaca atau menginterpretasikan hasil film (klise) uji radiografi pada las kombinasi (GTAW dan SMAW) serta mengetahui besar kekuatan tarik yang dihasilkan pada proses pengelasan kombinasi (GTAW dan SMAW) dengan uji tarik. Data yang digunakan dalam skripsi ini adalah data yang diperoleh dari hasil pengujian radiografi dan pengujian tarik pada pipa carbon steel schedule 80 di Energy Equity Epic (Sengkang) Pty. Ltd dan Workshop proses produksi BLK Makassar. Metode penelitian yang dilkukan deengan cara melukiskan dan merangkum pengamatan dari pengujian yang dilakukan. Dari penelitian ini dapat diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa pada pengujian radiografi pada pengelasan kombinasi GTAW dan SMAW terhadap pipa carbon steel sch 80, di film 1 terdapat cacat las slag inclusion dan di film 2 juga terdapat cacat las porosity, sedangkan untuk film 3,4,5,6 tidak ada terdapat cacat las. Sedangkan pada pengujian tarik yang dilakukan pada pipa carbon steel sch 80, nilai kekuatan tarik di spesimen 1 sebesar 49.186 N/mm2, spesimen 2 sebesar 44.471 N/mm2, spesimen 3 sebesar 46.504 N/mm2, spesimen4 sebesar 44.841 N/mm2, jadi dapat di rata-ratakan degan nilai 46.250 N/mm2.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH BIOMASSA MENJADI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR SECARA ANAEROB SERTA APLIKASINYA PADA TANAMAN CABAI MERAH DAN DAUN SELEDRI
Authors: Annis Annis , La Ifa La Ifa , Nurjannah Nurjannah
Published: August 2020

Pupuk merupakan kebutuhan utama bagi para petani dan perkebunan untuk memperoleh hasil tanaman yang optimal, oleh karena itu kelangkaan dan mahalnya harga pupuk menjadi masalah bagi petani. Limbah dari peternakan sapi di Indonesia belum banyak dimanfaatkan. Sebagian peternak memanfaatkan limbah ini sebagai salah satu biogas dan sebagian membuangnya langsung sehingga menjadi salah satu penyebab polusi lingkungan. Urin sapi dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pupuk untuk tanaman karena memiliki unsur hara makro dan mikro serta memiliki hormon alami. Penelitian ini dimulai dengan menyiapkan bahan organik yang digunakan seperti kotoran, urin sapi, molases, kulit pisang kepok, air, sari lontar, dan perbandingan EM4. Kulit pisang kepok dicacah menjadi potongan kecil kemudian dibelender hingga halus, dimasukkan ke dalam jergen bersama urin, molases, bahan aktivator sari lontar dan perbandingan EM4 kemudian diaduk hingga merata. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa pupuk organik cair urin sapi sampel D menggunakan bioaktivator sari lontar dengan rasio C/N 29, menunjukkan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman cabai dan seledri pada parameter tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan jumlah anakan. Secara ekonomi, industri rumahan pembuatan pupuk ini telah memenuhi standar untuk didirikan dimana BEP berada pada range 40-50 % dan ROI 44 %.
Pengaruh Kualiti Perkhidmatan Institusi, Kepuasan Latihan Industri dan Pembelajaran Terarah Kendiri Terhadap Kebolehgajian Pelajar Kolej Vokasional di Sabah
Authors: Gili Asrin , Ambotang Abdul Said
Published: August 2020

Isu pengangguran graduan kesan daripada kepesatan perubahan pasaran buruh yang disebabkan oleh ketidaktentuan sosioekonomi, perubahan organisasi serta kemajuan teknologi telah mendapat perhatian bukan sahaja di Malaysia, bahkan juga di peringkat global. Isu yang sangat sinonim dengan kebolehgajian ini perlu ditangani oleh semua pihak termasuklah institusi pendidikan tinggi, pihak industri yang menawarkan kolaborasi latihan serta individu pelajar sendiri. Justeru itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti pengaruh pengalaman pembelajaran pelajar yang berkaitan dengan kualiti perkhidmatan institusi, kepuasan latihan industri, dan pembelajaran terarah kendiri (PTK) terhadap tanggapan kebolehgajian diri khususnya dalam kalangan pelajar kolej vokasional di Sabah, Malaysia. Antara teori dan model yang digunakan sebagai panduan kajian ialah Model SSPE (Students Self-Perceived Employability), Model HESQUAL, Model Kepuasan Internship dan Model PRO-SDL (Personal Responsibility Orientation of Self-Directed in Learning). Kajian kuantitatif yang mengaplikasikan kaedah tinjauan cross-sectional ini menggunakan satu set soal selidik berstruktur yang diadaptasi. Kajian rintis melibatkan 105 responden mendapati bahawa kesemua instrumen yang digunakan mempunyai kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan yang tinggi. Kajian ini diharap dapat membantu para pemegang taruh KV di semua peringkat khasnya di peringkat institusi, industri dan pelajar sendiri dalam menambah baik program pendidikan sekali gus memastikan matlamat serta objektif untuk meningkatkan kebolehgajian pelajar dapat dicapai dengan cemerlang melalui intervensi kualiti perkhidmatan, latihan industri dan gaya pembelajaran terarah kendiri.
The Influence of Chloride Ion Concentration on the Localized Corrosion of E717 Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Kousis Christos , McMurray Neil , Keil Patrick , Williams Geraint
Published: August 2020

The localized corrosion behavior of E717 magnesium alloy immersed in chloride-containing electrolyte is investigated using an in situ scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) coupled with time-lapse imaging. It is shown that initiation of localized corrosion in chloride-containing electrolyte is characterized by the appearance of discrete local anodes, corresponding with the leading edges of dark, filiform-like features, which combine with time to produce a mobile anodic front. The size and growth rate of these features are highly dependent on the chloride ion concentration of the electrolyte. SVET-derived current density maps reveal that the corroded surface left behind the anodic front is cathodically activated, where cathodic current density values progressively decline with increasing distance away from the anodic leading edge. The intensity of localized anodes is highly dependent on the chloride ion concentration, where progressively higher local anodic current density values are observed with increasing chloride ion concentration along with progressively higher rates of volumetrically determined hydrogen evolution. Breakdown potential, measured using time-dependent free corrosion potential transients and potentiodynamic polarization at neutral and elevated pH, respectively, is shown to vary with the logarithm of chloride ion concentration, and the time for localized corrosion initiation is progressively increased with decreasing chloride concentration. From the combination of results that are presented herein, the underlying reasons for the influence of chloride ion concentration on the localized corrosion characteristics of E717 alloy will be discussed.
Análise da composição físico-química da sujidade de plantas fotovoltaicas: estudo de caso para Fortaleza
Authors: Freitas Filho Marcelo Ferreira , Araujo Danielly Norberto , Carvalho Paulo Cesar Marques de , Sasaki José Marcos
Published: August 2020

Com o crescimento do setor fotovoltaico (FV), estudos que buscam aumentar a eficiência de módulos FV e analisar os fatores que impactam o seu desempenho vêm se intensificando. Sujidade é um dos parâmetros que interferem negativamente no desempenho dos módulos, cujo impacto depende não apenas da quantidade de sujeira acumulada, mas também da composição química e física da sujeira. Assim, o presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a composição físico-química de amostras de sujidades coletadas de duas plantas FV localizadas na zona urbana de Fortaleza-CE. Na análise, as técnicas difração de raios x (DRX), fluorescência de raios x (FRX), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e espetroscopia de energia dispersiva (EDS, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy) são utilizadas para caracterização das sujidades. Por meio do DRX, as fases cristalinas identificadas são: SiO2, Fe2O3, KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2, NaCl, CaCO3 e C6H8O6. Com o uso da FRX, os elementos encontrados com maior representatividade são: alumínio (8,87% na planta 1 e 10,30% na planta 2), silício (36,67% na planta 1 e 40,23% na planta 2), ferro (19,55% na planta 1 e 17,28% na planta 2) e cálcio (18,27% na planta 1 e 17,18% na planta 2), o que é comum em áreas próximas a avenidas com grande fluxo de veículos. Utilizando o MEV, viu-se que o tamanho médio das partículas está na escala dos micrometros e, a partir da técnica EDS, que, além dos elementos encontrados pelo FRX, também há a presença dos elementos carbono (C), oxigênio (O) e sódio (Na) nas amostras.
Análise comparativa da irregularidade longitudinal de pavimento rodoviário em serviço através de aplicativos para smartphone
Authors: Chaves José Wémenson Rabelo , Pereira Renan Calixto , Almeida Lucas Cavalcante de , Oliveira Francisco Heber Lacerda de
Published: August 2020

A irregularidade longitudinal é um dos critérios mais usados na avaliação da qualidade funcional de um pavimento. Para realizar essa avaliação, os órgãos gestores de pavimentos têm a dificuldade de desenvolver ou escolher um modo preciso de obter esses dados, como também menos oneroso e de fácil operação. Diante desse contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a aplicabilidade dos aplicativos SmartIRI e RoadLab na avaliação de irregularidade longitudinal utilizando o Índice Internacional de Irregularidade (International Roughness Index – IRI). Avaliou-se, por meio dos aplicativos, a qualidade funcional dos trechos estudados, além de comparar os dados obtidos entre eles. Foi possível constatar que a utilização dos aplicativos pode ser uma alternativa viável para lugares em que há limitação de recursos financeiros, de equipamentos ou de pessoas capacitadas.
Análise de métodos de previsão de capacidade de carga em estaca raiz a partir do comportamento em ensaios de carregamento estático e dinâmico
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Rogério Cerqueira da
Published: August 2020

Avaliar a qualidade e o desempenho de fundações profundas é uma das maiores preocupações dentro da engenharia de fundações, sendo a carga admissível de uma estaca, estimada na fase de projeto, comprovada por meio de ensaios de carregamento estático e dinâmico. Cada ensaio possui suas peculiaridades, sendo a vantagem do ensaio estático simular a verdadeira grandeza dos carregamentos reais de uma construção e o atrativo dos ensaios dinâmicos a praticidade da análise da propagação de onda na interação por meio da resistência do solo e de parâmetros dinâmicos ao longo do fuste da estaca. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar, através de um programa experimental, o desempenho dos métodos mais consagrados da literatura para previsão da capacidade de carga em estacas raiz comparando ensaios de carregamento estático e dinâmico, realizados sobre a mesma estaca teste, demonstrando qual método possui melhor aplicabilidade de estimativa de carga para cada tipo de ensaio. A sequência executiva compreendeu, primeiro, a realização de carregamento dinâmico, a fim de evitar a mobilização plena da resistência das estacas, seguido de carregamento estático após um período de 20 dias, prevendo recuperar o relaxamento do solo. Considerando uma variabilidade de ± 20% nos resultados de previsão, observou-se que a aplicabilidade do método de Decourt (1996) para a análise da capacidade de carga, considerando os dois ensaios, apresenta maior confiabilidade quando realizado em estaca raiz, permitindo avaliar o comportamento da interação entre solo e estrutura adotados em fase de projeto.
Tratamento superficial de agregados graúdos reciclados para produção de concretos
Authors: Silva Mariana Guerra Fontes , Almeida Marconi Oliveira de , Soncim Sérgio Pacífico , Oliveira Carlos Augusto Souza
Published: August 2020

A destinação incorreta dos resíduos da construção civil, como agregado graúdo reciclado, acarreta danos ao meio ambiente. O reuso desse material é fundamental, entretanto a taxa de absorção desses agregados é maior quando comparados aos agregados naturais, sendo um dificultador. O objetivo deste trabalho foi reduzir essa taxa de absorção promovendo um tratamento superficial, com pasta de cimento, e analisar a influência no agregado tratado, bem como em concretos confeccionados com ele. O agregado graúdo reciclado passou por dois tratamentos, nos quais foi promovido um banho utilizando pasta de cimento nas proporções de 1:10 e de 2:10, sendo respectivamente 1 parte de cimento no primeiro e 2 partes no segundo. Na caracterização do agregado tratado, constatou-se um aumento da massa unitária, justificado pela camada externa formada ao redor do grão. Quanto à absorção, houve uma redução de 15,83% e de 11,28%, respectivamente, para as proporções de 1:10 e de 2:10, quando comparados ao agregado graúdo reciclado sem tratamento. Foram confeccionados três tipos de concreto, um com agregado graúdo reciclado sem tratamento e outros dois com tratamentos de 1:10 e 2:10. No estado endurecido, foram realizados testes de resistência à compressão simples, resistência à tração por compressão diametral e velocidade de pulso de ultrassom. Na resistência à compressão aos 28 dias, o concreto com o tratamento na proporção de 1:10 obteve aumento de 21,44%, enquanto o concreto com o tratamento na proporção de 2:10 obteve aumento de 36,31% nessa propriedade. Já na resistência a tração aos 28 dias, aumentos de 10,38% e de 26,06%, respectivamente, foram encontrados.
A manufatura avançada precisa de uma engenharia avançada
Authors: Wiltgen Filipe
Published: August 2020

Este artigo aborda a necessidade de mudança na forma de estruturar as áreas de engenharia para as futuras gerações de engenheiros que atuarão na manufatura avançada. A integração de conhecimentos de diversas áreas da engenharia exigirá uma nova abordagem educacional, no qual fará parte, também, a revisão da atual estrutura acadêmica. No ambiente industrial, a quebra de paradigmas proveniente das inovações tecnológicas criam situações inesperadas que modificam a atuação profissional do engenheiro, exigindo alterações no seu processo de formação. Tal fato se apresenta a cada novo grande evento de industrialização, como o que está ocorrendo devido à implementação da manufatura avançada, também chamada de 4° Revolução Industrial. A manufatura avançada, por ser, em sua essência, amplamente automatizada, exigirá uma profunda reformulação acadêmica na formação dos novos engenheiros. A versatilidade imposta pelos sistemas de controle que integram por completo toda a indústria está impactando na atuação dos engenheiros atuais. A engenharia, em um futuro próximo, deverá integrar diversas especialidades na formação acadêmica chamada de engenharia avançada.
EVALUATION OF DEBLOCKING METHODS FOR CHANG’E-4 DESCENT IMAGES
Authors: Peng M. , Wan W. , Liu Z. , Wang Y. , Di K.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Chang’e-4 lunar probe has successfully landed on the far side of the moon in Von Kármán crater inside the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin at 10:26 am on January 3, 2019. Due to the reduction of the coding rate, obvious block effects appear at the boundaries of descent images. Unblock, adaptive fast bilateral filtering, structure-texture enhancement and high-order Markov random field methods, are applied to remove the block effect of the descent images. Based on analysing the quality of descent images, quantitative comparison of four methods is performed using simulated compressed 1:64 descent images and real images. Comprehensive analysis was performed using typical measures such as PSNR, SSIM and NIQE. Experimental results show that adaptive fast bilateral filtering is better than other methods. The deblocked 1:64 image sequences have been used to assist localizing the landing point quickly during the mission.
VALIDATION OF THE STEREO OBSERVATION STRATEGY OF SIMBIO-SYS USING A VIRTUAL SIMULATOR
Authors: Re C. , Borin N. , Simioni E. , Lazzarotto F. , Zusi M. , Palumbo P. , Debei S. , Cremonese G.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The Spectrometer and Imagers for MPO BepiColombo Integrated Observatory SYStem (SIMBIO-SYS) is a suite of three independentoptical heads that will provide images and spectroscopic observations of the Mercury surface. With the approaching of BepiColombo to Mercury, the definition of the observation strategies of each instrument is becoming mandatory also for testing the operation procedures in terms of feasibility and stereo performance. The use of synthetic images and a customized simulator have been considered a powerful way to accomplish this test. This simulation system allows to investigate all the possible stereo configurations (different stereo angles and different image combinations) with the opportunity to evaluate the operational feasibility thanks to the evaluation of the final stereo products. Working with a simulated dataset allows to control most of the geometrical aspects (both the projection model definition and the observation geometry) suggesting with the analysis of the stereo products the better configuration to be applied and to be considered in the definition of the observation strategy. Editorial note: The article originally published here accidentally contained copyrighted information. For this reason, both authors and editor agreed to retract the original article and replace it with a revised version. The editors confirm that the scholarly content is not affected and remains a valuable contribution to the proceedings. Should you have downloaded the original version of this article (prior to 9 October 2020), you are kindly asked to delete it and refrain from any redistribution. Thank you, the editors.
GEOMETRICAL CALIBRATION FOR THE PANROVER: A STEREO OMNIDIRECTIONAL SYSTEM FOR PLANETARY ROVER
Authors: Simioni E. , Pernechele C. , Re C. , Lessio L. , Cremonese G.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. A novel panoramic stereo imaging system is proposed in this paper. The system is able to carry out a 360° stereoscopic vision, useful for rover autonomous-driving, and capture simultaneously a high-resolution stereo scene. The core of the concept is a novel "bifocal panoramic lens" (BPL) based on hyper hemispheric model (Pernechele et al. 2016). This BPL is able to record a panoramic field of view (FoV) and, simultaneously, an area (belonging to the panoramic FoV) with a given degree of magnification by using a unique image sensor. This strategy makes possible to avoid rotational mechanisms. Using two BPLs settled in a vertical baseline (system called PANROVER) allows the monitoring of the surrounding environment in stereoscopic (3D) mode and, simultaneously, capturing an high-resolution stereoscopic images to analyse scientific cases, making it a new paradigm in the planetary rovers framework.Differently from the majority of the Mars systems which are based on rotational mechanisms for the acquisition of the panoramic images (mosaicked on ground), the PANROVER does not contain any moving components and can rescue a hi-rate stereo images of the context panorama.Scope of this work is the geometric calibration of the panoramic acquisition system by the omnidirectional calibration methods (Scaramuzza et al. 2006) based on Zhang calibration grid. The procedures are applied in order to obtain well rectified synchronized stereo images to be available for 3D reconstruction. We applied a Zhang chess boards based approach even during STC/SIMBIO-SYS stereo camera calibration (Simioni et al. 2014, 2017). In this case the target of the calibration will be the stereo heads (the BPLs) of the PANROVER with the scope of extracting the intrinsic parameters of the optical systems. Differently by previous pipelines, using the same data bench the estimate of the extrinsic parameters is performed.
TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING WITH MANIPULATOR ARM CAMERA IN LUNAR SAMPLE RETURN MISSION
Authors: Wan W. , Liu Z. , Wang Y. , Peng M. , Di K. , Liu C. , Li L. , Wang J. , Yu T. , Wang R. , Bo Z.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The topographic mapping of sampling areas, providing basic sampling environment information, is crucial in sample return mission. The fixed monitoring cameras were designed for mapping of sampling areas in fixed effective resolution. In order to perform more detailed topographic analysis of sampling areas, this paper proposed a topographic mapping method based on the sequential sample images captured with the movements of manipulator arm. The tie point matching results and the image exterior orientation parameters obtained from measurements of manipulator arm joints were employed to the weighted bundle adjustment based optimization for the accurate topographic mapping. The simulated images were adopted to validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method.
A NEW GLOBAL CATALOGUE OF LUNAR CRATERS (≥1 KM) WITH 3D INFORMATION AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF GLOBAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Wang Y. , Wu B.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Impact craters are the predominant geomorphological features on the lunar surface. They can be studied to infer the ages of the lunar surfaces, the generation processes of the geological units, and the sequences of its geological events. Lunar crater-related research is dependent on crater records, which are usually stored in the form of crater catalogues. In the past, various efforts have been dedicated to generating global lunar crater catalogues. All published global catalogues, however, either contain only relatively large craters or lack 3D morphological information. This paper first presents approaches for automatic crater detection and the extraction of crater morphological information. The approaches have been performed on the lunar global datasets, e.g., digital elevation models (DEMs) and images, resulting in a global catalogue of lunar craters. To guarantee the reliability of the crater detection results, intensive manual-checking processes have been performed to improve the correctness and completeness of the catalogue. The generated global catalogue contains entries on 1.31 million lunar craters. It extends the existing global catalogues to craters with diameters ≥1 km and enriched with 3D morphological information of craters. Global analyses of craters were conducted based on the newly generated catalogue, including the analysis of crater density and depth-to-diameter ratio. We re-examined the previously observed distributions and patterns to show its fidelity and further explored other global relationships, which have not been discovered in previous research. The results updated the clues on impact cratering process and terrain differences. The developed global catalogue of lunar craters can be utilised for different applications by the research community, and the relevant research will help to enrich the literature and facilitate the advancement of crater-related planetary science.
A COMPUTER VISION APPROACH FOR DETECTION OF ASTEROIDS/COMETS IN SPACE SATELLITE IMAGES
Authors: Yekkehkhany B. , Shokri P. , Zadeh A.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. There are many satellites orbiting around the earth capturing huge amounts of images from astronomical objects and sending them to ground stations to be stored and analyzed. This results in an increasing demand for processing and analyzing images with autonomous algorithms. NEOSSat is one of the Canadian satellites that investigates the outer space to discover new comets/asteroids in our solar system. In this paper, we proposed a method based on computer vision techniques to detect the moving objects in NEOSSat images autonomously and also estimate their path. Our method is able to detect the comet/asteroids that are only %2 different in brightness with respect to the background. Moreover, it is not limited to the linear trajectory of the object and can detect objects following a curved path. This method does not depend on the length of the trajectory as well, detecting trajectories as short as 19 pixels. Our method is computationally efficient and can be run on a laptop. We also designed a graphical user interface for our software, encouraging public usage. The proposed software won the first place of the Canadian Space Agency’s Space Apps Challenge 2019 nationwide.
ANALYSIS OF RESPONSE AND RECOVERY OF VEGETATION TO FOREST FIRE
Authors: Gong A. , Li J. , Yang Y. , Chen Y. , Zeng T. , Wu J. , Li J. , Chen Y. , Tang H. , Yue J.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. To analyse the response and recovery characteristics of forest to forest fire, this paper selected the forest fire in the Greater Khingan Mountains (GKM) in China in 1987 and the forest fire in the Yellowstone National Park (YSP) in the United States in 1988. We first used Landsat-5 TM images before and after the fire to extract the burned area and calculate burn severity based on the Differential Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR). Next, we analysed the response of forest vegetation to forest fire with different burn severity using the anomaly value of Leaf area index (LAI) derived from Global Land Surface Satellite (GLASS) products. And the recovery of forest vegetation after forest fire were revealed using time – series LAI data and MODIS Land cover data. The results showed that the LAI decreased rapidly after the forest fire, and the greater the burn severity, the higher the decreasing amplitude of LAI. The maximum decreasing amplitude of LAI in the burned areas with high burn severity were 1.3–3.8 times higher than that in low burn severity areas. The recovery time of LAI is affected by burn severity and manual interference. The recovery time of LAI in burned areas in the GKM is about 5–10 years, which in the burned areas with high burn severity is 2 times than that with low burn severity. The recovery time of LAI in the burned areas with low burn severity in the YSP is at least 20 years, while that with high burn severity will take longer time to recovery. And the manual interference accelerated the recovery of LAI in the GKM. Our research on the response and recovery of vegetation is helpful for formulating and implementing adaptation and mitigation strategies in response to forest fire.
GENERATIVE ADVERSARIAL NETWORKS AS A NOVEL APPROACH FOR TECTONIC FAULT AND FRACTURE EXTRACTION IN HIGH-RESOLUTION SATELLITE AND AIRBORNE OPTICAL IMAGES
Authors: Jafrasteh B. , Manighetti I. , Zerubia J.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. We develop a novel method based on Deep Convolutional Networks (DCN) to automate the identification and mapping of fracture and fault traces in optical images. The method employs two DCNs in a two players game: a first network, called Generator, learns to segment images to make them resembling the ground truth; a second network, called Discriminator, measures the differences between the ground truth image and each segmented image and sends its score feedback to the Generator; based on these scores, the Generator improves its segmentation progressively. As we condition both networks to the ground truth images, the method is called Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (CGAN). We propose a new loss function for both the Generator and the Discriminator networks, to improve their accuracy. Using two criteria and a manually annotated optical image, we compare the generalization performance of the proposed method to that of a classical DCN architecture, U-net. The comparison demonstrates the suitability of the proposed CGAN architecture. Further work is however needed to improve its efficiency.
LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY MAPPING WITH RANDOM FOREST MODEL FOR ORDU, TURKEY
Authors: Karakas G. , Can R. , Kocaman S. , Nefeslioglu H. A. , Gokceoglu C.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Landslides are among commonly observed natural hazards all over the world and can be quite destructive for infrastructure and in settlement areas. Their occurrences are often related with extreme meteorological events and seismic activities. Preparation of landslide susceptibility maps is important for disaster mitigation efforts and to increase the resilience. The factors effective on landslide susceptibility map production depend mainly on the topography, land use and the geological characteristics of the region. The up-to-date and accurate data needed for extracting the effective parameters can be obtained by using photogrammetric techniques with high spatial resolution. Data driven ensemble methods are being increasingly used for landslide susceptibility map production and accurate results can be obtained. In this study, regional landslide susceptibility map of a landslide-prone area in a part of Ordu Province in northern Turkey is produced using topographic and lithological parameters by employing the random forest method. An actual landslide inventory delineated manually by geologists using the produced orthophotos and the digital terrain model (DTM) is used for training the model. The results show that an accuracy of 83% and precision of 92% can obtained from the data and the random forest method. The approach can be applied for generation of regional susceptibility maps semi-automatically.
SOCIAL MEDIA DATA PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS BY MEANS OF MACHINE LEARNING FOR RAPID DETECTION, ASSESSMENT AND MAPPING THE IMPACT OF DISASTERS
Authors: Kikin P. M. , Kolesnikov A. A. , Panidi E. A.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The main factor determining the possibility of using data obtained from social media as a source of information about the threat of emergencies is their relevance and accuracy. Thus, the important task is the determination of metrics for evaluating these parameters for a specific publication in a social media. It is worth noting the importance of this information channel as a source of eyewitness accounts from the scene. A comparison of social media data and official sources shows that social media contain a significant amount of unique information at different stages of emergency development. Also, when monitoring the situation for a specific event, social media allows to get more relevant information in comparison to official sources. Another important task is to search for emergency messages and their most accurate localization in space. A promising solution for the analysis and processing of social media data during emergency response is the application of artificial intelligence methods, and, particularly, machine learning techniques.
LANDSLIDE STUDY USING TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNER (LiDAR) ANALYSIS
Authors: Pesántez P. C.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. In Reina del Cisne (Cuenca-Ecuador) a dynamic sliding process was created due to a cut that was applied at the beginning of the year 2018 to the hillside without technical considerations for the construction of an access road to a house in the sector. From May 2018 to January 2019, period analyzed in this work, the landslide has caused total structural damage (dwellings near the hillside) or partial (houses away from the hillside) and the total collapse of the path that caused the landslide. The field visits from the month of May 2018 and the comparison with CloudCompare of the clouds of points obtained with terrestrial laser scanner (LiDAR) between the months of May 2018 and January 2019 (house) and December 2018 and January 2019 (profiles) have highlighted the high activity of this gliding. It has been analyzed three-dimensionally several profiles along the landslide, in addition to an affected house, where they have experienced phenomena such as: sinking and tilting to slope down with values from 3 cm to 30 cm (profiles) in 30 days to 2.28 m (house) in 230 days.
AUTOMATED MARINE OIL SPILL DETECTION USING DEEP LEARNING INSTANCE SEGMENTATION MODEL
Authors: Yekeen S. T. , Balogun A.-L.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. This study developed a novel deep learning oil spill instance segmentation model using Mask-Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Mask R-CNN) model which is a state-of-the-art computer vision model. A total of 2882 imageries containing oil spill, look-alike, ship, and land area after conducting different pre-processing activities were acquired. These images were subsequently sub-divided into 88% training and 12% for testing, equating to 2530 and 352 images respectively. The model training was conducted using transfer learning on a pre-trained ResNet 101 with COCO data as a backbone in combination with Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) architecture for the extraction of features at 30 epochs with 0.001 learning rate. The model’s performance was evaluated using precision, recall, and F1-measure which shows a higher performance than other existing models with value of 0.964, 0.969 and 0.968 respectively. As a specialized task, the study concluded that the developed deep learning instance segmentation model (Mask R-CNN) performs better than conventional machine learning models and semantic segmentation deep learning models in detection and segmentation of marine oil spill.
COMPARING MODEL PERFORMANCE METRICS FOR LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY MAPPING
Authors: Yordanov V. , Brovelli M. A.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Landslides are one of the most diffused hazard events in the world, they can occur in different locations under different triggering factors. As such, they are also one of the most studied hazards, while the mechanism of an event is known to the scholars, more difficulties are found in forecasting the location and time of the following event. However, scholars are putting great effort into modelling the phenomena through various tools, as such susceptibility mapping is one of the initial and key steps in the hazard assessment. While effort is put on producing such maps, less is put on the evaluation of those outcomes. The current work aims to analyse the behaviour of two validation metrics – Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) and Precision Recall Curve (PRC). The former is widely used in susceptibility modelling, while the latter not so much utilized. However, scholars are highlighting a drawback of the ROC – it is not able to discriminate imbalanced datasets and is providing unreliable outcomes, and as an alternative is proposed the PRC which does not exhibit such flaws. In order to test the performance of both metrics, they were applied to three susceptibility models produced using Statistical Index, Logistic Regression and Random Forest for the area of Val Tartano, Northern Italy. As a result, it was determined that when the metrics are applied to balanced datasets they exhibit similar behaviour; on the contrary when imbalanced classes are introduced PRC is depicting the model performance in a more precise manner.
OPTIMUM PATH DETERMINATION TO FACILITATE FIRE STATION RESCUE MISSIONS USING ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHMS (CASE STUDY: CITY OF KARAJ)
Authors: Zarrinpanjeh N. , Dadrass Javan F. , Naji A. , Azadi H. , De Maeyer P. , Witlox F.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The successful conduct of a rescue mission in urban areas is directly related to the timely deployment of equipment and personnel to the incident location which justifies the quest for optimum path selection for emergency purposes. In this study, it is attempted to use Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) to find the optimum paths between fire stations and incident locations. It is also attempted to build up an evaluation tool using ACO to detect critical road segments that the overall accessibility to fire station services throughout the urban area is constituted upon their excellent functionality. Therefore, an ACO solution is designed to find optimum paths between the fire station and some randomly distributed incident locations. Regarding different variants of ACO, the algorithm enjoys the Simple Ant Colony Optimization deployment strategy combined with Ant Algorithm Transition rules. Iteration best pheromone updating is also used as the pheromone reinforcement strategy. The cost function used to optimize the path considers the shortest Euclidean distance on the network. The results explicitly state that the proposed method is successful to create the optimum path in 95.45 percent of all times, compared to Dijkstra deterministic approaches. Moreover, the pheromone map as an indicator of the criticality of road elements is generated and discussed. Visual inspection shows that the pheromone map is verified as the road criticality map concerning fire station access to the region and therefore pre-emptive measures can be defined by analyzing the generated pheromone map.
GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION BASED EMERGENCY RESPONSE SYSTEM FOR GEOLOGICAL DISASTERS
Authors: Zheng Q.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Emergency response is the critical phase in disaster management, which can save lives and reduce losses by useful, accurate, and timely information. The surveying and mapping authorities at all levels are making great efforts to meet the increasing demand for geospatial data in disaster and risk management. In this paper, it takes the Sichuan province of China as an example. It presents a geospatial information based emergency response system for geological disasters from the perspective of the provincial mapping authority. The scheme of the response system aims to solve many problems that arose in practical disaster management and to meet the requirements of public safety and government management by geospatial information and services. Built on historical experience and improved through practical application, the system has now effectively improved the workflow in all phases of emergency response. The paper discusses the critical contents of the system’s general framework in terms of emergency mechanism, GIS technology, geospatial data, emergency equipment, and professional teams. A case study is applied in this paper to explain how the system makes its function. The end of the article gives an analysis of its benefits and disadvantages and a comparison with other similar systems.
ICESAT-2 ALTIMETRY AS GEODETIC CONTROL
Authors: Carabajal C. C. , Boy J.-P.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Digital elevation models (DEMs) are of fundamental importance for a large variety of scientific and commercial applications. Many geoscience studies require the most precise and current information about the Earth’s topography. Independent quality assessments of these DEMs are crucial to their appropriate use in land process studies, as inputs to models, and for detection of topographic change. The Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) provided globally-distributed elevation data of high accuracy that demonstrated to be well-suited for evaluating continental DEMs after appropriate editing (Carabajal and Harding, 2005; Carabajal and Harding, 2006; Carabajal et al., 2010 and 2011; Carabajal and Boy, 2016). ICESat-2, launched on September 15th, 2018, provides an opportunity to develop a dataset suitable for Geodetic Ground Control. With increased coverage, ICESat-2/ATLAS features 6 laser beams with 532 nm wavelength, using photon counting technologies. With a nearly polar orbit, altimetry from ICESat-2 is available for latitudes reaching up to 88 degrees, on a 91-day repeat orbit with monthly sub-cycles. ICESat-2’s footprint size is ∼17 m, at 10 kHz pulse repetition frequency, or 0.75 m along track. Its pointing control is 45 m, with a pointing knowledge of 6.5 m, and a single photon precision of 800 ps. Sophisticated data processing techniques on the ground, optimized by surface type, produce high quality estimates of topography. We illustrate the use of ICESat-2 altimetry to assess DEM’s accuracy using ATL08 release 002 elevations (Land and Vegetation) products (Neuenschwander and Pitts, 2019), showing comparable results to those using ICESat-derived Geodetic Ground Control.