bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental and vegetation dynamics in the forest of Orile-Owu, southwest Nigeria, from the last ~ 1,4 k cal yr BP
Authors: Daraojimba Kingsley Chinedu , Luz Cynthia Fernandes Pinto da , Barros Marcia Aguiar de
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT Vegetation history of southwestern Nigerian forest during the past ~1,416 cal yr BP (534 - 644 AD) is reconstructed based on palynological data from a core from Awerele, wetland in Orile-Owu. Six palynological zones were stablished. Zone I (195-175 cm; ~1,416 cal yr BP) was a period marked by low value of charcoal particles associated with low frequency of Elaeis guineensis pollen. In Zone II (175-135 cm), the environment experienced wet conditions depicted by high percentage mainly of Cyperaceae and fern spores. Further, the arable weeds and E. guineensis increased values, showing the higher frequency of Margaritaria discoidea pollen grains, coupled with a low charcoal amount. Zone III (135-105 cm) to Zone VI (50-0 cm) were characterised by the increase of E. guineensis and raising of charcoal particles, followed by the presence of plants exploited for food and medicinal purposes, which may indicate enlarged local landscape disturbance, probably associated with humans’ activities. Archaeological evidence suggest that humans occupied the Orile-Owu area from ~ 412 cal yr BP (AD 1,538 - 1,635). The pollen data displayed the persistence of a forest-savanna mosaic, associated with ecological perturbations, which were also noticed in other parts of sub-saharan Africa on the same period.
Social Communication and pragmatic skills of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Hage Simone Vasconcelos Rocha , Sawasaki Lidiane Yumi , Hyter Yvette , Fernandes Fernanda Dreux Miranda
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT Purpose to assess the pragmatic and social communicative abilities of children with Typical Language Development (TLD), Autism Spectrum disorder (ASD) and Developmental Language Disorder (DLD). Methods Participants were 40 parents and 29 teachers of 40 children ages between 3 and 6 years. Ten children had DLD, ten had ASD and 20 had typical development. All participants answered to the questionnaire of the “Assessment of Pragmatic Language and Social Communication – APLSC – parent and professional reports – beta research version. Data were submitted to statistical analysis. Results The assessment tool was useful in identifying the difference in performance of children with different social communicative profiles. Conclusion Children with ASD presented social and pragmatic impairments that were more significant than those presented by children with DLD. However, both children with ASD and with DLD presented more social pragmatic difficulties than children with TLD.
RACIONALIDADE SUBSTANTIVA NA GESTÃO COMUNAL DE ECOVILAS
Authors: Tres Guilherme Smaniotto , Souza Washington José de
Published: December 2021

RESUMO Abordamos elementos de racionalidade substantiva na prática administrativa, em organizações produtivas, via atributos de gestão comunal em atividades de produção agrícola e de cuidado com a vida natural e humana em ecovilas. De inspiração etnográfica, visitamos quatro ecovilas durante 49 dias, acompanhando o cotidiano e relações de trabalho. Os resultados apontam que rotinas de gestão enfatizam a reprodução social sob princípios de autossuficiência. O compartilhamento da terra e dos meios de produção e a orientação ao cuidado coletivo compõem ambiente de segurança social e econômica a partir de laços comunais voluntariamente constituídos. Predominam processos de gestão com viés de racionalidade substantiva que interconectam demandas e militância ecológica a ações de mitigação da degradação ecológica e de valorização da diversidade da vida, caracterizando traços de práticas administrativas emancipatórias do ser humano na esfera produtiva em organizações privadas.
DANO AMBIENTAL: QUANDO A RAIVA PODE LEVAR À DESCONTINUIDADE DO FORNECEDOR
Authors: Souza Josefer de Lima , Tondolo Vilmar Antonio Gonçalves , Tondolo Rosana da Rosa Portella , Lunardi Guillherme Lerch , Brambilla Flávio Régio
Published: December 2021

RESUMO O estudo analisou os efeitos diretos e indiretos da controlabilidade e da responsabilidade na descontinuidade do fornecedor após dano ambiental. Os dados foram coletados junto a 267 indivíduos com experiência em gestão, por meio de um experimento baseado em cenários. Os resultados indicaram que a controlabilidade influencia a descontinuidade do fornecedor, bem como anger do comprador, quando o fornecedor, e não a natureza, possui controle sobre o dano ambiental ocorrido. O efeito indireto da controlabilidade foi parcialmente explicado pela anger sentida. Já os efeitos direto e indireto da responsabilidade não mostrou significância, sendo parcialmente explicado de maneira moderadora na relação entre a controlabilidade e a descontinuidade do fornecedor após o dano ambiental. O estudo identifica o papel comportamental de uma emoção negativa experimentada durante crises gerenciais, influenciando as tomadas de decisões de indivíduos quanto à descontinuidade do fornecedor após a ocorrência de um dano ambiental.
Um ensaio sobre a cegueira: saúde mental na atenção básica e as disputas diante da pandemia da covid-19
Authors: Mattos Mússio Pirajá , Pereira Beatriz Medrado , Gomes Daiene Rosa
Published: December 2021

Resumo A atenção básica à saúde (ABS) é um importante recurso para o enfrentamento de problemas relacionados ao sofrimento psíquico. A partir disso, o presente ensaio visa discutir a saúde mental (SM) na ABS diante da pandemia da covid-19. A pandemia ilumina problemas antigos em que é observado a lógica assistencialista e medicalizada do cuidado em SM. Além disso, persistem práticas de subaproveitamento e não reconhecimento das potencialidades da ABS como produtora do cuidado num espinhoso cenário político-econômico de disputa de poder e que incentiva a privatização dos serviços públicos. Esse jogo de forças tem influência na produção do cuidado, sobretudo em contextos caóticos, de injustiças e desigualdades sociais, terrenos férteis para a disseminação da covid-19. Assim, torna-se importante um olhar mais atento sobre os efeitos da SM na ABS, visto que gestores, profissionais e usuários podem mergulhar na “cegueira branca”. Portanto, é fundamental reconhecer a legitimidade dos saberes, valores e desejos que movimentam os trabalhadores e usuários dos serviços públicos; ou seja, compreender a SM como um campo relacional e dinâmico. Também é importante depositar um sopro de esperança ao gerar reflexões que acendam as luzes para que esse cuidado se aproxime do cuidado integral.
Sobre la producción de certidumbre en salud pública: biopolítica y objetos especulativos
Authors: Castillo-Sepúlveda Jorge , Bywaters-Collado Fernanda , Gálvez-Ramírez Mariana
Published: December 2021

Resumen En este trabajo, analizamos la producción de certidumbre en una política en salud configurada desde el esquema epistémico de la medicina basada en la evidencia: el régimen de Garantías Explícitas en Salud en Chile. Con base en los estudios de ciencia y tecnología, el análisis de material producido mediante etnografías focalizadas en escenarios ministeriales, y considerando entrevistas a expertos y profesionales, exponemos cómo en estos escenarios los objetos vinculados con la evidencia llegan a servir para tres propósitos: reducir la complejidad de procesos globales, conectar lo local con lo global y, fundamentalmente, generar un nuevo continuo que vincula la verdad con la incertidumbre. Caracterizamos a estas entidades como “objetos especulativos”, destacando su importante papel en la articulación de retóricas que permiten la configuración local de la biopolítica.
O desafio de envelhecer na América Latina: cuidados prolongados na Costa Rica
Authors: Matus-Lopez Mauricio A. , Chaverri-Carvajal Alexander , Jara-Males Patricia C.
Published: December 2021

Resumo Embora políticas públicas de cuidados prolongados estejam começando a ser implementadas na América Latina, poucos estudos analisam a situação dos países que compõem a região. Este estudo tem por objetivo examinar programas públicos de cuidados prolongados na Costa Rica e estimar a demanda do país por cuidados formais. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de revisão das Contas Nacionais de Saúde, cinco entrevistas com representantes de instituições governamentais, revisão da literatura científica e relatórios oficiais, e análise dos dados extraídos de uma pesquisa nacional de cuidados. Os resultados indicam a existência de programas fragmentados e focados no enfrentamento à pobreza que não foram projetados para atender às necessidades de cuidados prolongados. Estima-se que, atualmente, 13,4% dos idosos da região necessitam de ajuda na execução de atividades básicas da vida diária, e que o trabalho informal de cuidados é intensivo, oferecido principalmente por um membro da família, e não remunerado.
Os sentidos dos cuidados em saúde mental a partir de encontros e relatos de usuários de um CAPS
Authors: Medeiros Victor Hugo Rodrigues , Moreira Maria Inês Badaró
Published: December 2021

Resumo Este artigo apresenta a criação de serviços comunitários em ampla rede e políticas públicas brasileiras no campo da saúde mental, fundamentais para a análise do cuidado nos serviços. O objetivo é analisar a concepção do cuidado em saúde mental por meio da contribuição dos usuários e do entendimento de seus modos de fazer saúde mental. Dessa forma, contribui para o diálogo entre a desinstitucionalização e o panorama atual da saúde mental, com base em experiência de inspiração etnográfica. A metodologia, de natureza qualitativa, teve como componente a observação participante, diários de campo e encontro de grupo focal em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) III, em Santos, município litorâneo no estado de São Paulo. Os dados foram sistematizados de acordo com a análise temática em três principais eixos: abordagem do cuidado e do acolhimento no CAPS; apontamento das necessidades cotidianas reais dos usuários e a percepção da complexidade no cuidado e nos encontros; e o mandato social dessas instituições, de atribuições inúmeras e complexas no território.
Os outros são os outros: percepções de homens usuários sobre os efeitos adversos da testosterona
Authors: Tramontano Lucas
Published: December 2021

Resumo Este artigo analisa a percepção de homens usuários de testosterona acerca dos efeitos adversos no uso do hormônio, a fim de refletir sobre a eficácia e o alcance de ações em saúde voltadas para essa prática. Os dados empíricos foram obtidos a partir de 21 relatos de história de vida de homens que utilizam a testosterona, com ou sem acompanhamento médico, de perfil variado, coletados em 2016 majoritariamente no Rio de Janeiro. A discussão se apoia nos estudos de gênero e de masculinidades para argumentar como os homens interpretam os impactos do uso da testosterona a partir de uma valorização de características masculinas associadas a um ideal normalizador de masculinidade. Os resultados apontam uma percepção generalizada no campo de que o hormônio causa pouco ou nenhum mal, através de um processo de invisibilização ou ressignificação dos efeitos potencialmente negativos. Além disso, há um movimento de deslocamento dos problemas associados ao uso a personagens estereotipadas, num processo de desresponsabilização de si e reafirmação de atributos de um ideal de masculinidade. Com isso, busca-se contribuir para a construção de ações em saúde mais adequadas ao cotidiano dos usuários e, portanto, mais eficazes.
Diseño de un portal web que permita acceder a los recursos y servicios del Observatorio de Economía Solidaria
Authors: Esteban Regino Edna Margarita , Obregón Silgado Osman Darío , Hernández Padilla Henry , Mezquida Mendoza Mario Miguel , Rua Castañeda Sohely
Published: December 2021

El presente documento integra los apartados concernientes a la investigación que tuvo como objetivo principal “Establecer los aspectos tecnológicos necesarios para el diseño de un portal web que permita acceder a los recursos y servicios del observatorio de economía solidaria, garantizando la conservación y actualización permanente de la información”. Se describe la metodología propuesta para el logro de los objetivos, la cual consistió, principalmente, en realizar una revisión bibliográfica de artículos científicos en diversas bases de datos de acceso abierto (Scopus, Mendeley y Google académico) en las que se declaró un tiempo de 10 años de antigüedad. Se cuenta con el desarrollo del estado del arte y el marco conceptual integrado por conceptos como: observatorio, economía solidaria y portal web. Se realiza la presentación de resultados y se llega a la conclusión de que es necesario implementar todos aquellos requerimientos funcionales que ayuden al cumplimiento de sus funciones u obligaciones del observatorio. Para los requerimientos no funcionales, es relevante contar con una plataforma de colaboración electrónica basada en la web y móvil compatible con diferentes navegadores, con un sistema de información que dé soporte al almacenamiento de la información, la difusión de resultados, el procesamiento eficiente y apoyo a la toma de decisiones. Por otra parte, es importante no desconocer los desafíos a los que se enfrenta el desarrollo de un portal web: rendimiento de los algoritmos, aprendizaje automático, amigabilidad de la interfaz de usuario, recolección de los datos y actualización automática de la información.
Primary Cutaneous Extranodal NK/T Cell Lymphoma (Nasal Type): A Case Report and Review of Literatures
Authors: W Lijie , J Feng , Z Qian , J Hui , B Jie , L Yang , B Kaiping , C Ruijuan , LQ yue , W Jingjing , Z Ziyan , Z Hanghang , M Xin , S Xudong , D Liru , L Dan , Y Jie
Published: December 2021

A case of extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (nasal type) with skin lesion as the first manifestation is reported. A 82 year old female presented with fever for 10 days, and mass with ulceration on right shoulder for 4 days. Clinically, a walnut-sized red mass with local ulceration and scab can be seen on the right shoulder. Part of the lesion had rupture scab. A circular-like infiltrated dark red plaque with a diameter of about 4cm can be seen on the right chest, with yellow and white dry secretion in the center. Multiple patches of dark red spots from coins to walnuts can be seen on the trunk and limbs. Based on skin lesions, histological, immunohistochemical staining and EBER in situ hybridization, a diagnose of primary cutaneous extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type was made.
Mesenteric Lymphadenitis can Mimic Acute Appendicitis in Children
Authors: S Almalki
Published: December 2021

Abdominal pain in children is one of the most common symptoms that a child experiences in his life, and in most cases, the related causes are benign. But when pain is acute, severe and are concentrated in the lower right part of the abdomen, the surgical causes should be excluded, the most important of which is Acute Appendicitis (AA).
Theoretical Perspectives on the Theme of Distance: Report on 110 Myles: Flann O’Brien at a Distance, An Online Symposium, 26‒28 July 2021
Authors: Đurić Mina M.
Published: December 2021

Report on the 110 Myles: Flann O’Brien at a Distance online Symposium, 26‒28 July 2021.
The philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche: Nikolai Berdyaev’s reception and interpretation
Authors:   Ural State University of Physical Education, Shumskoy Andrey V.
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the problem of Nikolai Berdyaev’s reception and interpretation of the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche. We attempt to reconstruct Berdyaev’s attitude to the creative heritage of the great German philosopher. The phenomenon of Nietzsche was mainly perceived by the Russian philosophy of the early 20th century in a religious context. For Berdyaev himself, the personality of Nietzsche became one of the starting points for comprehending the existential dialectic of human destiny in the world historical process. In Nietzsche’s works, Berdyaev was first of all captivated by the eschatological theme the philosopher addressed, his striving for the end and the limit. Berdyaev called Nietzsche the greatest phenomenon of modern history, dialectically completing the humanistic anthropology of the West. The Russian philosopher viewed Nietzsche as the forerunner of a new religious anthropology, a religious prophet of the West, making a return to the old European humanism no longer possible. Berdyaev was convinced of the need to overcome and internalize the spiritual experience of Nietzsche. The latter opens up the prospect of transition to a new anthropological era, in which human existence must be justified by creativity. Berdyaev viewed creativity as a new religious revelation of Christianity, not manifested in patristic tradition and historical Christianity. In creative acts, man overcomes objectification as a fallen state of the world. The article examines the key ideas of Nietzsche’s philosophy through the prism of religious existentialism and personalism of Berdyaev. Berdyaev’s attitude to Nietzsche was ambivalent: on the one hand, he highly appreciated how radically the German philosopher formulated the problem of a person’s creativity; on the other hand, he viewed the anti-Christian concept of the superman, leading to human godhood, as absolutely unacceptable for Russian religious philosophy and Christianity. Berdyaev assessed the new revelation of Nietzsche about the superman and the will to power as false and demonic, radically contradicting the foundations of Christian anthropology about man and the religious ethics of creativity.
Ethos of communication and understanding in project activity (an editorial)
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kiyashchenko Larisa P. , Golofast Anastasia V. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, the problematization of a person as an unfinished project takes place as a cross-cutting thematization of the interdisciplinary approach, which presupposes a holistic, complex study that «throws light on both the meaning of all scientific activity and the unified basis of the mechanisms of imagination operating here» (G. Holton). The article draws attention to the peculiarities of project activity, its aspiration for the possible embodiment of a community of interests in solving urgent problems. The creative complementarity of the personal and the collective as well as internal and external factors in the changing norms and values of the scientific community is reshaping the ethos of communication and understanding. The agenda includes the need to address the current ambivalence of scientific communication taking into account the response to the demands of society to work out the updated principles of assembling scientific teams based on trust and solidarity. The procreative, generative function of scientific activity is prescribed in the context of team building. The problematization of the academic community assembly is growing as it is becoming more open and accountable to society. The culture of skills of critical but empathic mutual trust in communication is actualized, this trust including the heuristics of the scientific dispute of the interest-based ethos. Repetitive successful practices of pro-creative communication can, over time, acquire the character of an institutionally formed tradition, a conventionally fixed norm of creative cooperation. The authors suggest the possibility of achieving this goal grounded not only on the primary impulse of the community of interest but on prolonged communication strategies. The basis for such an outcome is the symmetrical contribution of participants in problem-oriented scientific communication to the achievement of the collective good in the form of innovative approaches to solving fundamental problems of our time which have confirmed practical application in multiple specific cases. Convergence of expectations resulting from the emergence of trust in the ethos of the scientific community can be built «in between» behavioral choice options in the ternary matrix of «loyalty–voice–exit». The preadaptive academic activity of the group can be sustainable in the presence of «protective valves» channeling dissatisfaction with the parameters of order, renewed understanding and communication patterns in the project activity of the group.
PROBLEMATIZATION OF THE HUMAN: AN INCOMPLETELY COMPLETED PROJECT
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Political Science and Religious Studies KN MES RK, Solovieva Greta G.
Published: December 2021

From the standpoint of the author, the project of the human is complete and at the same time incomplete. It is ‘complete’ in the sense that philosophy and religion, in their millennial quest, gave an answer to the universal question about the origin, essence and purpose the human, about the highest spiritual meaning of his being. The answer provides a stable worldview foundation that allows one to overthrow skepticism and relativism, for which there is no criterion distinguishing between the good and the evil and everything that happens is covered with a mist of relativity and uncertainty. A modern form of skepticism is postmodernism, which answers topical questions concerning digitalization and at the same time separates the human from both the real world and transcendence, plunging him into the space of ‘simulacra’. It is, indeed, an unfinished, extremely open, unstable and unreliable space. But the philosophy of the East and West, in its centuries-old search, has found reliable ways to refute skepticism in all its historical forms and determined the firm, unshakable foundations of the human existence in the world, the ‘ultimately signified’ of his. Having in its repertoire the result obtained by hard work, philosophy can become a reliable support in the interpretation of the concept of transhumanism, inspired by the success of ‘emergent technologies’. At the same time, the project is incomplete in the sense that the human has to overcome the base, animal nature, which encourages vicious desires, thoughts and actions, and to make an ascent to the spiritual, divine Source. This process can be considered unfinished, open, endless. Human physicality will also improve due to the advances of modern technologies, but under the guidance of spiritual and moral principles – Faith, Love, Conscience. These positions are supported in the article by reference to the concepts of Orthodox philosophy (Ivan Ilyin) and Islamic philosophy (Abu Hamid al-Ghazali).
FROM CLASSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY TO «ANTHROPOTECHNIC». AND BACK?
Authors:   Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Peoples of the Far East, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Popovkin Andrey V.
Published: December 2021

The article attempts to consider in general terms the evolution of anthropology, understood, on the one hand, as a special view of human nature and, on the other hand, as a method of human formation. The paper deals with the relationship between the views on human nature and the goals and strategies of education. Special attention is paid to the Humboldt model of education as the most complete and consistent embodiment of modern anthropology. A hypothesis is put forward and substantiated about the correlation of the dispute between Socrates and the sophists with the opposition of the Humboldt and postmodern models of education and views on human nature. The essence of this confrontation is in two different views on a person: proceeding from the goal of a person or proceeding from his actual factuality. The former view corresponds to the anthropology and pedagogy of Socrates and the culture of modernity, the latter — to the sophists and the culture of postmodernity. Postmodern culture gives rise to posthumanism, which looks at a person as a kind of aggregate of properties and abilities. The educational strategy corresponding to it consists in the desire to «upgrade» a person, to supplement or discard something in order to maximize his situational adaptation to the changing reality and to increase the existing set of possibilities in each here-and-now. The term «anthropotechnics» in its mechanistic meaning is more relevant to such a view and attitude towards a person. An assumption is made and arguments are presented that behind various types of «anthropotechnics», ethical relativism, and the like, one can see the intention of the elites to construct the image of a person they need. At the end of the paper, a question is raised about the possibility of turning from «anthropotechnics» to a new anthropology. It is shown that this anthropology should be based on the desire to see a real person, that is, to see in him the main behind the cover of the accidental and secondary, without falling into abstract idealization. The philosophical concepts of E. Husserl and S.N. Trubetskoy are proposed as a promising basis.
TRANSDISCIPLINARY HUMAN STUDY: PILLARS AND COLLISIONS
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Dinaburg Svetlana R.
Published: December 2021

The transdisciplinary approach to studying the problem of human appears to be the most natural and productive starting point for the situation that modern philosophy finds itself in. In the paper, the problem of human is considered as a paradoxical weird problem directly related to the global problems of our time. In this case, what appears to be an alternative to problem-solving is problematization, which reveals hidden opportunities and existing relationships between different fields of meanings. The question of the method, foundations of integration was brewing over the «long 20th century» simultaneously with the proclamation of the end of fundamental pillars (God, science, history, man), which led to a situation of exhaustion of world outlooks and forced «preconceptionlessness». Overcoming this crisis, cognition is now moving into the trans- and meta- positions, where the opportunities for construction and new paths for syntheses open up. Not only the scientific and philosophical ethos, but the need to involve a wide range of people in the practice of study of human nature requires clarity: transdisciplinarity is not a mere popular intellectual trend (speculative program, discursive game), but an effective method that can work with radicalization, social restrictions, dead ends, etc. The search for ontological foundations and integration with various forms of cultural experience lead «trans-science» to metaphysical problems and the experience of the sacred, the recognition of the role of discourse as the creative being; then the testing of limits needs to be coupled with moderate epistemological conservatism. In its theoretical foundation, transdisciplinarity is based on the effects of self-organization, self-development, and self-learning, which requires the provision of conditions for the production of syntheses and competent trust in the process, which cannot be reduced to the expectation of a miraculous appearance of Deus ex machina. Exploring the paradoxical collisions of transdisciplinarity, it is proposed to consider its rootedness as a historical phenomenon.
THE CONCEPT OF «HUMAN NATURE» AS AN AXIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLE
Authors:   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Saikina Guzel K. , Ibragimova Zulfiya Z. ,   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University
Published: December 2021

In the philosophy of the 20th century, the idea of the absence of nature in man was established, due to which the concept of «human nature» became a rudiment in anthropological knowledge, and man himself began to be comprehended as «unsupported». In the era of the «biotechnological revolution», this concept turns out to be inconvenient for the transgressive game of man with his own limits. However, the problematization of a person in modern anthropological discourse can occur in many respects precisely through questioning the human nature. In the era of developed biotechnologies, for the purposes of human ecology, modern anthropology should not so much deny as assert the nature of man, since the concept of «human nature» indicates an ontological framework that preserves the authenticity of man, ensuring the continuity of all his historical forms. In contrast to the interpretation of the concept of human nature as opposed to the social essence (as a base physical, material, biological, vital part of human being), it is heuristically significant to elevate it to a socially significant axiological principle, filling it with value content by raising the status of the human nature. This is especially important due to the fact that this concept is substantively included in ethical, social and humanitarian expertise of biotechnological projects. Without the axiological development of this concept, bioethical and ecological discourses will lose strength and persuasiveness. A person is always incomplete, multidimensional, multifaceted, therefore there cannot be a single essential idea of a person capable of becoming the cementing foundation of anthropological knowledge, as the first generation of «philosophical anthropology» representatives hoped for. Still, man is one anthropological type with a single nature. As a result of the study, a hypothesis has been put forward that it is the reanimation of the concept of «human nature» that will give unity to anthropological knowledge and become its «ideological core».
THE APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING RESPONSIBILITY FROM THE POSITION OF THE CONCRETE-UNIVERSAL THEORY OF DEVELOPMENT THEORY
Authors:   Perm State Agrarian and Technological University named after D.N. Pryanishnikov, Koromyslov Vitaliy V.
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the problem of the most fundamental grounds for the analysis of different situations and meanings connected with responsibility. The proposed solution of this problem is based on concept of the concrete-universal. The conclusions of the concrete-universal theory of development make it possible to relate the objective principles of morality to the dynamics of interconnections of the universal moments that have been accumulating in the human nature in the course of the global development. The universal moments, abstracted by man in the form of categories, are organized in human existence in the form of certain aspects and interrelations that, being interwoven in a unique way, construct certain social situations and meanings reflecting thereof. The first stage of the research presents an analysis of the role of the world-inherent key universal moments in the formation of the phenomenon of responsibility. This helps to formulate the most fundamental characteristics of responsibility. The second stage offers a study of the specific forms of interconnections between the universal moments underlying certain aspects of responsibility. As a result, a categorical framework of universal moments representing a basis of responsibility was identified. This framework is inextricably linked with specific and unique content, is always filled with the concrete content of the circumstances existing at a particular period in time, of life situations of individuals. The paper shows how the concrete-universal organized in this way determines the most important situations and meanings related to the problem of responsibility. This approach made it possible to distinguish the substance of responsibility, connected with a certain objective situation, from its manifestations in the form of subjective components related to personal characteristics and states of a person, formulation of agreements, social norms and sanctions for their violation, various forms of accountability.
PERSONAL TRAITS OF YOUNG MEN WITH SELF-INJURIOUS BEHAVIOR AND WITH SUBCLINICAL DEPRESSION
Authors:   Russian Presidential academy of national economy and public administration, Kuznetsova Svetlana O. , Takmakova Marina V. ,   Russian Presidential academy of national economy and public administration
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of empirical research studying the personal characteristics of young men with self-injurious behavior and subclinical depression. Relevance of this topic is conditioned by the frequency of self-injurious behavior. A general hypothesis of the study was the statement that there are significant differences in the intensity of personality traits in young men with subclinical depression who have a history of self-injurious behavior as opposed to young men with subclinical depression but without self-injurious behavior, and also opposed to the test audience without the symptoms of depression and self-harm. The survey sample consisted of 169 young men aged from 18 to 22 years (average age — 19.2). We applied the methods of testing, polling, subjective scaling, statistical analysis. In the group with subclinical depression and self-harm were noted low self-esteem, high levels of situational anxiety, personal anxiety, proneness to conflict, neuroticism, spontaneous aggressiveness, irritability, and emotional lability. Young men from this group demonstrated lower rates of inherent worth, self-acceptance, self-attachment, mirror self, and sociability than those with subclinical depression but without self-harm. A positive correlation was revealed between the severity of self-harm and situational aggressiveness, proneness to conflict, self-accusation, neuroticism, spontaneous aggressiveness, depression, low self-esteem; a negative correlation was found between the severity of self-harm and inherent worth, self-acceptance, self-attachment and the mirror self. There is a positive correlation between depression and cynicism, hostility, aggressiveness, anxiety, proneness to conflict, irritability, and low self-esteem, and a negative correlation between depression and sociability and openness.
Los indicadores financieros: Herramienta para evaluar el principio de negocio en marcha
Authors: Correa Mejía Diego Andrés , Murillo Palacios María Camila , Vélez Cardona Natalia
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como propósito identificar los indicadores financieros que permiten evaluar el cumplimiento del principio de empresa en funcionamiento que debe evaluarse en cada periodo contable Método: Esta investigación consideró 130 compañías que presentaron sus estados financieros ante la Superintendencia de Sociedades en el año 2019. Del total de empresas, 65 se encuentran bajo la hipótesis de negocio en marcha.  Las estimaciones se realizaron a través del modelo de regresión logística que consideró 9 indicadores que se clasificaron en liquidez, rentabilidad y endeudamiento. Resultados y discusión: Se halló que los indicadores financieros utilizados son asertivos y logran evaluar la hipótesis en cuestión, mostrando significancia estadística en 7 de los 9 indicadores establecidos, lo cual permite a las empresas no solo detectar falencias en su continuidad, sino también determinar en qué variables deben tener un continuo control con el fin de eliminar el riesgo de no cumplir la hipótesis empresa en marcha.  Conclusión: Los resultados permitieron concluir que los indicadores utilizados permiten determinar si una empresa cumple o no con el principio de negocio en marcha y de esta manera identificar el marco contable que se debe aplicar.
Plotand Event-Driven Functions of Perfect Verbs in a Fiction Text
Authors:   Perm State University, Bazhenova Elena A. , Dymont Ekaterina E. ,   Perm State University
Published: December 2021

The article examines the role of Russian perfect verbs in text formation. Based on the texts of modern Russian writers (S. Vasilenko, D. Granin, E. Limonov, V. Pelevin, T. Tolstaya, V. Tokareva, L. Ulitskaya), the functions of the verb forms with perfect meaning in the plot organization of a fiction text are considered. The principal attention is paid to the analysis of the functions of 1) regression of the narrative, 2) progress of the narrative with a pause in the external environment or in the inner world of the character, 3) pause in the narrative. Narrative regression is interpreted as a reference to the past, progress as a perspective of the narrative, and pause as a fixation of the state of the environment or the internal state of the character. It has been established that these functions are realized within the framework of a perfect situation as a functional-semantic field. The nucleus of the field is a perfect verb or passive past participles; the periphery of the field is formed by multi-level language units that actualize the perfect meaning in the context. It has been revealed that the perfect situation has a complex semantic structure, in which three components are holistically represented: pre-perfect state, action, and post-perfect state. This structure allows expressing different types of links: between the temporal plans of the text, between the cause of an event and the consequent state of the event, between a mental action and the object of this action. In a fiction text, each component of syncretic perfect semantics can become a basis for the plot situation. It has been shown that plot- and event-driven functions of perfect verbs are determined by the position of the verb in the complex syntactic whole, by interaction with other predicates, by the syntactic structure, and by the lexical meaning of the verb. In particular, it has been established that the function of regression of the narrative is represented by perfect verbs as a part of complex sentences with temporal, causal, and deliberative subordinate clauses. The function of progress of the narrative with a pause in the external environment is performed by perfect verbs inside a complex syntactic whole. This function may also be realized on the border of two complex syntactic wholes. Progress of the narrative with a pause in the inner world of the character is expressed by mental verbs (ponyal, dogadalsya, osoznal, pochuvstvoval, reshil, etc.). A pause in the narrative is typically expressed by passive past participles. The contextual and semantic analysis of perfect situations allows concluding that perfect verbs have an impact on encoding and decoding of the meaning of the fiction text.
The “Myth of Russia” in Travelogues about the USSR by Vincenzo Cardarelli and Corrado Alvaro
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Golubtsova Anastasia V.
Published: December 2021

The aim of the article is to study the functioning of the key components of the Western “myth of Russia” in travelogues by Italian writers, who visited the Soviet Union in the 1920s and 1930s, in the period of frequent cultural, political and economic contacts between the two countries. The study is based on the analysis of the travelogues by Vincenzo Cardarelli (The Journey of a Poet in Russia, 1928-1929, published in 1954) and by Corrado Alvaro (The Masters of Deluge: A Journey to Soviet Russia, 1935). Among journalists working in the USSR in those years, famous writers enjoyed a certain degree of intellectual autonomy, compared to common reporters, and were less dependent on editorial policies and censorship that is why their travelogues are among the most interesting Italian testimonies about the USSR of that period. The analysis of the texts shows that in spite of many differences in ideology, travel itinerary, and the tone of writing, the travelogues of both authors are based on the same elements of the “Russian myth”, which formed in Europe during the 19th century and still shapes the Western image of Russia to a great extent. Relations between Russia and Italy are considered in the context of the East-West dichotomy, which makes the authors see Russia as a barbarian Asian country. This image together with the concept of the “Russian soul” generates a specific idea of the Russian national character, which describes Russians as collectivist, passive, fatalist, driven by a “nomadic instinct”, eager to suffer, primitive and close to nature, infantile. The analysis of the topoi of the official Fascist propaganda of that period demonstrates that elements of the “Russian myth” in the Italian travelogues interact with propaganda cliches and, consequently, come to serve certain political interests, creating in public consciousness the image of the Other and thus highlighting the superiority of the Western (and, particularly, Italian) civilization. The travelogues of the 1920s and 1930s, which criticize the Soviet reality, describe Bolshevism as a typically Russian phenomenon, and support nationalist and anti-Slavic trends in Italian society, are used by the Fascist authorities as an instrument of fight against Socialists, their main ideological opponents, and, consequently, provide legitimacy to Mussolini's regime. At the same time, visits of Italian intellectuals to the USSR increased public interest towards Soviet Russia and contributed to the development of cultural and, indirectly, political and economic contacts between the two countries.
A Multidimensional Model of Teacher-Student Interaction Styles
Authors:   National Research University of Electronic Technology (MIET), Baydikova Natalia L.
Published: December 2021

The aim of the research is to identify the parameters for a multidimensional model of teacher-student interaction styles in the framework of the teacher's management activity. Literature analysis shows that all the models of teacher-student interaction styles can be divided into two groups according to the ways of classification criteria distribution. The first group comprises onedimensional models which assign certain characteristics to the teacher leadership styles. The example of such an approach is the traditional classification of styles into authoritarian, democratic and laissez-faire modes of teacher's behavior. The other group of classifications of teacher-student interaction styles includes two-dimensional models. They use two parameters in different combinations to result in four leadership styles. The author states that teacher-student interaction is so complex and multi-level that two criteria are not enough to describe teacher leadership styles. She proposes a multidimensional model of teacher-student interaction styles based on six components of teacher's organizational activities: target, stimulation and motivation, content, operation, control and regulation, assessment. According to these components, the author identified six parameters of teacher-student interaction styles which a teacher can exhibit to a different extent within the two opposite characteristics: 1) formulation of tasks to learners (implicitly - explicitly), 2) stimulation of learners' autonomy (directive behavior - delegating behavior), 3) variability of content (predetermined -available for choice), 4) interaction with students (detachment - involvement), 5) intensity of control (continuous - dispersed), 6) type of assessment (standard - essence-based). All the six parameters are independent dimensions of an individual teacher-student interaction style. To empirically verify the proposed multidimensional model of teacher leadership styles, a questionnaire was developed. It consists of 18 statements, three statements assessing each parameter. The display of characteristics was measured by values with assigned numbers: ‘never' -2, ‘no rather than yes' -1, ‘sometimes' 0, ‘yes rather than no' +1, ‘always' +2. The values -2 and +2 are the extreme poles of the behavior characteristics. The arithmetic average was counted out of the three answers on each parameter. According to the survey of school teachers, individual teacher-student interaction styles comprise characteristics of different polarity. The proposed multidimensional model of teacher-student interaction styles is a flexible, variational and open system.
The Efficiency of the Modern Practice of Teaching the Critical Analysis of Historical Sources in Russian Teachers' Self-Assessments
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Khlytina Olga M.
Published: December 2021

The article summarizes the results of an Internet survey of history teachers, in which 216 teachers from 31 regions of Russia took part. The author considers the development of the subject-oriented ability to work with historical sources in the context of the development of schoolchildren's functional literacy as a priority task of the modern Russian school. The aim of the study is to characterize the methodological ways of teaching schoolchildren the methods of analyzing historical sources dominant in teachers' work based on expert teachers' assessments of how well graduates of the 9th and 11th grades mastered the ability to critically analyze historical sources, identify their effectiveness, suggest options for improving mass teaching practice. The analysis of literature has shown that the ability to analyze historical sources is interpreted as the basis for the development of historical and critical thinking, a person's ability to independently cognize the past. Methodological science has substantiated various models of student analysis of historical sources based on the methodology of modern historical science and focused on the development of schoolchildren' subject and metasubject skills, functional literacy. At the same time, the results of the survey indicate that the vast majority of the teachers organize work with sources outside any system and sequence, and no more than once or twice during the term. Explaining the reasons for this, the teachers point to work overload, lack of high-quality didactic support of courses, and a low level of student learning. They also say they need advanced training in teaching schoolchildren to work with historical sources. The teachers note the low level of their students' mastery of the basic procedures for analyzing historical sources: according to the teachers' assessments, in 60-80% of classes in Russian schools, less than half of the students mastered the basic ability to “read” sources (extract explicit and implicit information). According to a third of the teachers, no more than 20% of their students are able to complete tasks on commenting on a historical source when a student, relying on knowledge of the context, begins to understand the past, think as historians think. Another quarter of the teachers indicated an interval of 30-40%. When working with sources, the dominant feature is the formation of historical knowledge, and the tasks of the students' learning the activity- and value-based components of educational historical knowledge are not solved effectively enough, which ultimately makes it difficult for students to achieve results in the subject and complicates the solution of the complex tasks of improving the quality of education that Russian education is faced with today.