bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revealing Inconsistencies in ROTI Index Using Multi‐GNSS Constellation Measurements: Impact of Sampling Rates and Time Window
Authors: Sui Yi , Yang Zhe , Zhan Weijia
Published: October 2024

Understanding ionospheric irregularities and their dynamics is crucial, with the rate of change of the total electron content index (ROTI) serving as a significant metric for this purpose. However, inconsistencies in ROTI magnitudes have been noted when sampled at one‐second interval across various Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers. This study presents a detailed statistical analysis to investigate inconsistencies in ROTI using multi‐GNSS observations in conjunction with four distinct GNSS receiver types. Various factors affecting the ROTI inconsistencies among receivers were examined, including differences in sampling rates (1, 5, 15, and 30 s), and varying time window widths (1, 2, and 5 min). By examination of data obtained from GNSS receivers with zero or short baselines on a global scale, the analysis uncovered substantial variations in multi‐GNSS ROTI values across the four assessed receiver types. The main findings suggest that reducing the sampling rate reduces the inconsistencies in the magnitude of ROTI, particularly at lower sampling rates. This reduction can be attributed to the exclusion of high‐frequency components in the ROTI spectrum. Interestingly, the width of the time window is found to have minimal impact on the ROTI magnitude. The study also shows a direct correlation between a larger magnitude of ROTI and the increased noise in the signals tracked by receivers. These results emphasize the importance of considering sampling rates and GNSS receiver types when utilizing ROTI to investigate ionospheric irregularities.
Home blood pressure-lowering effect of esaxerenone versus trichlormethiazide for uncontrolled hypertension: a predefined subanalysis of the EXCITE-HT randomized controlled trial by basal calcium channel blocker versus angiotensin receptor blocker
Authors: Kario Kazuomi , Ohbayashi Hiroyuki , Hashimoto Masami , Itabashi Naoki , Kato Mitsutoshi , Uchiyama Kazuaki , Hirano Kunio , Nakamura Noriko , Miyamoto Takahide , Nagashima Hirotaka , Ishida Hidenori , Ebe Yusuke , Hatta Tsuguru , Fukui Toshiki , Shimosawa Tatsuo , Katsuya Tomohiro , Taguchi Takashi , Tanabe Ayumi , Ohishi Mitsuru ,   on behalf of the EXCITE-HT investigators
Published: October 2024

This prespecified subanalysis of the multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-group EXCITE-HT study aimed to examine the non-inferiority of esaxerenone to trichlormethiazide as a second-line antihypertensive agent according to the basal antihypertensive agent used (angiotensin receptor blocker [ARB] or calcium channel blocker [CCB]). The primary endpoint, change in morning home systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) from baseline to end of treatment was similar between the two groups (intergroup difference in least squares mean change [95% confidence interval]: −1.3 [−3.8, 1.3]/−0.2 [−1.6, 1.3] mmHg for ARB; −2.7 [−4.2, −1.2]/−0.8 [−1.7, 0.1] mmHg for CCB). The respective incidences of serum potassium levels <3.5 mEq/L and ≥5.5 mEq/L in the ARB subgroup were 3.4% and 4.2% for esaxerenone and 7.9% and 0% for trichlormethiazide; in the CCB subgroup, they were 2.8% and 0.6% for esaxerenone and 13.9% and 1.2% for trichlormethiazide, respectively. The incidence of uric acid level ≥7.0 mg/dL was numerically higher in the trichlormethiazide group than the esaxerenone group in both the ARB and CCB subgroups. The non-inferiority of esaxerenone to trichlormethiazide in lowering morning home BP was demonstrated regardless of whether the basal antihypertensive agent was an ARB or CCB. Esaxerenone with a CCB showed superiority to trichlormethiazide in lowering SBP, without any new safety concerns. Serum potassium levels tended to be higher when esaxerenone was combined with an ARB than with a CCB, but this can be mitigated if administered according to the package insert.
Digital therapeutic for hypertension improves physician-patient communication and clinical inertia: a survey of physicians who implemented CureApp HT in clinical practice
Authors: Katsuya Tomohiro , Hisaki Fumi , Aga Mitsuharu , Hirayama Yumi , Takagi Yusuke , Ichikihara Yuko , Tanigawa Tomoyuki
Published: October 2024

In the 2019 Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension by the Japanese Society for Hypertension, lifestyle modification is recommended for all individuals except those with normal blood pressure. However, no detailed methods have been established to achieve the target blood pressure and resolve clinical inertia. CureApp HT, a digital therapeutic for hypertension that contributes to blood pressure reduction through lifestyle modification, was approved as software as a medical device for reimbursement by Japanese national health insurance in September 2022. This study aimed to survey physicians who implemented CureApp HT to assess how it changes physician-patient communication and contributes to clinical inertia resolution. A questionnaire survey was conducted at three time points: before the first prescription (first survey), 3 months (second survey), and 6 months (third survey) after the first prescription for physicians who had implemented CureApp HT. The primary outcome was the total score of five items on a Likert scale related to physician-patient communication, and it was analyzed based on the 47 physicians who responded to all three questionnaires. The total score of physician-patient communication significantly improved after 6 months of the introduction of CureApp HT, reflecting that physicians observed positive changes in patients’ knowledge and attitudes regarding hypertension treatment. Furthermore, the number of physicians who set a target home blood pressure of 125/75 mmHg for their patients significantly increased. CureApp HT allows physicians to recognize changes in patients’ disease knowledge and treatment attitudes, enabling them to set more stringent blood pressure targets and addressing clinical inertia.
Sex hormones and risk of lung and colorectal cancers in women: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Denos Marion , Sun Yi-Qian , Brumpton Ben Michael , Li Yafang , Albanes Demetrius , Burnett-Hartman Andrea , Campbell Peter T. , Küry Sébastien , Li Christopher I. , White Emily , Samadder Jewel N. , Jenkins Mark A. , Mai Xiao-Mei
Published: October 2024

The roles of sex hormones such as estradiol, testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in the etiology of lung and colorectal cancers in women, among the most common cancers after breast cancer, are unclear. This Mendelian randomization (MR) study evaluated such potential causal associations in women of European ancestry. We used summary statistics data from genome-wide association studies on sex hormones and from the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) and large consortia on cancers. There was suggestive evidence of 1-standard deviation increase in total testosterone levels being associated with a lower risk of lung non-adenocarcinoma (hazard ratio 0.60, 95% confidence interval 0.37–0.98) in the HUNT Study. However, this was not confirmed by using data from a larger consortium. In general, we did not find convincing evidence to support a causal role of sex hormones on risk of lung and colorectal cancers in women of European ancestry.
A microphysiological system for studying barrier health of live tissues in real time
Authors: Way Ryan , Templeton Hayley , Ball Daniel , Cheng Ming-Hao , Tobet Stuart A. , Chen Thomas
Published: October 2024

Epithelial cells create barriers that protect many different components in the body from their external environment. Increased gut barrier permeability (leaky gut) has been linked to several chronic inflammatory diseases. Understanding the cause of leaky gut and effective interventions are elusive due to the lack of tools that maintain tissue’s physiological environment while elucidating cellular functions under various stimuli ex vivo. Here we present a microphysiological system that records real-time barrier permeability of mouse colon in a physiological environment over extended durations. The system includes a microfluidic chamber; media composition that preserves microbiome and creates necessary oxygen gradients across the barrier; and integrated sensor electrodes for acquiring transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). Our results demonstrate that the system can maintain tissue viability for up to 72 h. The TEER sensors can distinguish levels of barrier permeability when treated with collagenase and low pH media and detect different thickness in the tissue explant.
Biocatalytic ZIF-8 surface-functionalized micromotors navigating in the cerebrospinal fluid: toward Alzheimer management
Authors: Bujalance-Fernández J. , Carro E. , Jurado-Sánchez B. , Escarpa A.
Published: October 2024

In the presence of Cu, ZIF-8@Au@catalase micromotor results in a reduction of speed in cerebrospinal fluid, as an indicator of Alzheimer's disease in just 1 min and using only 1 μL of the sample, becoming a screening tool for its fast diagnosis.
Simple oxime functionalized fluorene polymers for organic solar cells
Authors: Adeoba Abdullah Adewale , Shen Xiangyu , Bi Fuzhen , Niu Jianan , Sun Mingxin , Wen Shuguang , Bao Xichang
Published: October 2024

A novel oxime-functionalized fluorene is used as an acceptor unit with a BDT donor in conjugated D–A polymers. Organic solar cell devices made with a Y6 non-fullerene acceptor give a power conversion efficiency of 10.71%.
Controlling Directional Emission of Ions Attached on Surface of Nanoparticles
Authors: Ben 贲 Shuai 帅 , Liang 梁 Jia-Ying 嘉颖 , Pei 裴 Yu 煜 , Song 宋 Xiao-Hong 晓红 , Yang 杨 Wei-Feng 玮枫
Published: October 2024

The interaction between lasers and nanoparticles holds significant theoretical and practical importance. Here, we investigate the near-field enhancement effects on silver nanotriangles and nanodiscs under ultrafast laser pulses, as well as the dynamics of protons and ions attached to the nanoparticle surfaces. By adjusting the size parameters of the nanoparticles, we explore the near-field enhancement effects and proton emission dynamics at different laser wavelengths. The results demonstrate that nanoparticles with varying morphologies substantially impact the proton momentum spectrum. The directional proton emission of nanotriangle structures is more pronounced compared to that of nanodiscs, and this effect can be further enhanced by adjusting the laser wavelength. Additionally, manipulating the thickness of particles also controls the Mie scattering phenomenon of light. Finally, we qualitatively discuss the emission processes of alpha particles and 9C6+ heavy ions. This research has important implications for proton and heavy ion radiotherapy in cancer treatment and targeted drug delivery, while providing theoretical foundations for understanding, characterizing, and controlling experimental studies of nanosystems with significant potential for expanding research into microdynamic behavior in complex nanomaterial superstructures.
Roadmap on magnetic nanoparticles in nanomedicine
Authors: Wu Kai , Wang Jian-Ping , Natekar Niranjan A , Ciannella Stefano , González-Fernández Cristina , Gomez-Pastora Jenifer , Bao Yuping , Liu Jinming , Liang Shuang , Wu Xian , Nguyen T Tran Linh , Mercedes Paz González Karla , Choe Hyeon , Strayer Jacob , Iyer Poornima Ramesh , Chalmers Jeffrey , Chugh Vinit Kumar , Rezaei Bahareh , Mostufa Shahriar , Tay Zhi Wei , Saayujya Chinmoy , Huynh Quincy , Bryan Jacob , Kuo Renesmee , Yu Elaine , Chandrasekharan Prashant , Fellows Benjamin , Conolly Steven , Hadimani Ravi L , El-Gendy Ahmed A , Saha Renata , Broomhall Thomas J , Wright Abigail L , Rotherham Michael , El Haj Alicia J , Wang Zhiyi , Liang Jiarong , Abad-Díaz-de-Cerio Ana , Gandarias Lucía , Gubieda Alicia G , García-Prieto Ana , Fdez-Gubieda Mª Luisa
Published: October 2024

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) represent a class of small particles typically with diameters ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers. These nanoparticles are composed of magnetic materials such as iron, cobalt, nickel, or their alloys. The nanoscale size of MNPs gives them unique physicochemical (physical and chemical) properties not found in their bulk counterparts. Their versatile nature and unique magnetic behavior make them valuable in a wide range of scientific, medical, and technological fields. Over the past decade, there has been a significant surge in MNP-based applications spanning biomedical uses, environmental remediation, data storage, energy storage, and catalysis. Given their magnetic nature and small size, MNPs can be manipulated and guided using external magnetic fields. This characteristic is harnessed in biomedical applications, where these nanoparticles can be directed to specific targets in the body for imaging, drug delivery, or hyperthermia treatment. Herein, this roadmap offers an overview of the current status, challenges, and advancements in various facets of MNPs. It covers magnetic properties, synthesis, functionalization, characterization, and biomedical applications such as sample enrichment, bioassays, imaging, hyperthermia, neuromodulation, tissue engineering, and drug/gene delivery. However, as MNPs are increasingly explored for in vivo applications, concerns have emerged regarding their cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and degradation, prompting attention from both researchers and clinicians. This roadmap aims to provide a comprehensive perspective on the evolving landscape of MNP research.
Distance-dependent magnetization modulation induced by inter-superatomic interactions in Cr-doped Au6Te12Se8 dimers
Authors: Guan 官 Yurou 雨柔 , Liu 刘 Nanshu 南舒 , Wang 王 Cong 聪 , Pang 庞 Fei 斐 , Cheng 程 Zhihai 志海 , Ji 季 Wei 威
Published: October 2024

Individual superatoms are assembled into more complicated nanostructures to diversify their physical properties. Magnetism of assembled superatoms remains, however, ambiguous, particularly in terms of its distance dependence. Here, we report density functional theory calculations on the distance-dependent magnetism of transition metal embedded Au6Te8Se12 (ATS) superatomic dimers. Among the four considered transition metals, which include V, Cr, Mn and Fe, the Cr-embedded Au6Te12Se8 (Cr@ATS) is identified as the most suitable for exploring the inter-superatomic distance-dependent magnetism. We thus focused on Cr@ATS superatomic dimers and found an inter-superatomic magnetization-distance oscillation where three transitions occur for magnetic ordering and/or anisotropy at different inter-superatomic distances. As the inter-superatomic distance elongates, a ferromagnetism (FM)-to-antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition and a sequential AFM-to-FM transition occur, ascribed to competitions among Pauli repulsion and kinetic-energy-gains in formed inter-superatomic Cr–Au–Au–Cr covalent bonds and Te–Te quasi-covalent bonds. For the third transition, in-plane electronic hybridization contributes to the stabilization of the AFM configuration. This work unveils two mechanisms for tuning magnetism through non-covalent interactions and provides a strategy for manipulating magnetism in superatomic assemblies.
Research on Vibration Control of FAST Feed Cabin Based on Active Mass Damper
Authors: Zhang Lucong , Sun Jinghai , Jiang Peng
Published: October 2024

In this paper, an effective active vibration control method was investigated to further improve the positioning accuracy of the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) feed cabin. The actual operation data of FAST was collected to analyze the vibration characteristics of the feed cabin in multiple directions. A simplified model of the cabin-cable system was established to evaluate the effects of a mass damper on different vibration frequencies and modes. On this basis, an active mass damper system and control system were designed for the cabin with multiple degrees of freedom and modal variation characteristics. Theoretical calculation and simulation proved that it has a significant effect on improving the damping of the cabin-cable system and suppressing the vibration of the FAST feed cabin.
Bar Presence in Local Galaxies: Dependence on Morphology in Field Galaxies
Authors: Chacón M. A. , Delgado-Serrano R. , Cervantes Sodi B.
Published: October 2024

We analyzed the fractions of barred galaxies in the local Universe using a volume-limited sample of galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 3. We examined 116 field galaxies with redshifts between 0.0207 and 0.030, using r and z-band images. Overall, the bar fraction was 26% in the r-band and 19% in the z-band. For distinct morphological groups, barred spiral galaxies had fractions of 33% in the r-band and 22% in the z-band, while barred lenticular galaxies had 25% in the r-band and 12% in the z-band. We observed that the bar fraction in spiral galaxies increases for stellar masses log (M
*/M
⊙) > 10.5 and for galaxies with red colors (u − r) > 2.0. Additionally, most barred galaxies have a bulge-to-total ratio B/T ≤ 0.2. Our results indicate that the bar fraction is more dependent on internal morphology than on the galaxy environment.
The Marvelous Illusion
Authors: DeLio Thomas
Published: October 2024

The Marvelous Illusion: Morton Feldman’s The Viola in My Life I–IV constitutes a detailed study of four of Morton Feldman’s works composed between 1970 and 1971. These compositions are analyzed from multiple perspectives, including those of pitch/interval, time, and tone color. Framing the analytical study of these works is a discussion of Feldman’s aesthetic position vis-à-vis his contemporaries, both those with similar perspectives and those whose work represented a very different aesthetic viewpoint. Feldman was a member of the so-called New York School of Composers that included John Cage, Christian Wolff, and Earle Brown. The book contains an exploration of the shared interests of these composers. In addition, it presents an extensive discussion of shared concerns among those composers and members of the New York Schools of Painting and Poetry.
Introduction
Authors: DeLio Thomas
Published: October 2024

Chapter 1 constitutes an introduction to the works under consideration, including information on their origins and their relationship to earlier works in Feldman’s career. The chapter also contains an outline of the procedures and techniques used to proceed with analyses of these works. In addition, the first chapter includes a brief introduction to Feldman’s relationship to those composers, artists, and writers who shared his aesthetic position.
The Viola in My Life I
Authors: DeLio Thomas
Published: October 2024

Chapter 2 presents a detailed analysis of The Viola in My Life II scored for viola soloist and chamber ensemble. It details the formal design of this work and considers the relationship between the sound of the ensemble in opposition to that of the viola. Specific attention is paid to the evolution from pitched sonorities to noise-based sonorities which dominate the structure of the entire work.
The Viola in My Life III
Authors: DeLio Thomas
Published: October 2024

Chapter 4 constitutes a detailed analysis of The Viola in My Life III, which is quite different in numerous ways from its predecessors in the set. It is scored for viola and piano. The viola plays less of a role as soloist and, instead, functions more as a partner to the piano. Also, for this piece the composer developed a more rigid, fixed, and repetitive temporal grid, quite different from that found in either of the preceding works, or indeed its successor in the set. Feldman also continues the process of quoting verbatim events from his own two previous works.
Conclusions
Authors: DeLio Thomas
Published: October 2024

Chapter 6 returns to the discussion of Feldman’s aesthetic position as it relates to his contemporaries, not only his fellow composers, but also the painters and poets of the New York School. It contains more detailed examination of the work of such figures as John Cage, Christian Wolff, Earle Brown, Mark Rothko, Robert Rauschenberg, John Ashbery, and P. Inman, and it considers the deep connections shared among this diverse group of artists.
Association between allostatic load and accelerated white matter brain aging: findings from the UK biobank
Authors: Feng Li , Ye Zhenyao , Du Zewen , Pan Yezhi , Canida Travis , Ke Hongjie , Liu Song , Chen Shuo , Hong L Elliot , Kochunov Peter , Chen Jie , Lei David K Y , Shenassa Edmond , Ma Tianzhou
Published: October 2024

White matter (WM) brain age, a neuroimaging-derived biomarker indicating WM microstructural changes, helps predict dementia and neurodegenerative disorder risks. The cumulative effect of chronic stress on WM brain aging remains unknown. In this study, we assessed cumulative stress using a multi-system composite allostatic load (AL) index based on inflammatory, anthropometric, respiratory, lipidemia, and glucose metabolism measures, and investigated its association with WM brain age gap (BAG), computed from diffusion tensor imaging data using a machine learning model, among 22 951 European ancestries aged 40 to 69 (51.40% women) from UK Biobank. Linear regression, Mendelian randomization, along with inverse probability weighting and doubly robust methods, were used to evaluate the impact of AL on WM BAG adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic, and lifestyle behaviors. We found increasing one AL score unit significantly increased WM BAG by 0.29 years in association analysis and by 0.33 years in Mendelian analysis. The age- and sex-stratified analysis showed consistent results among participants 45-54 and 55-64 years old, with no significant sex difference. This study demonstrated that higher chronic stress was significantly associated with accelerated brain aging, highlighting the importance of stress management in reducing dementia and neurodegenerative disease risks.
From Fetus to Eight: the CHILD Cohort Study
Authors: Miliku Kozeta , Reyna Myrtha E , Medeleanu Maria , Dai Ruixue , Dubeau Aimee , Lefebvre Diana L , Wright Kim , Dawod Bassel , Beck Marshall , Brooks Elissa , Kobor Michael , Duan Qingling , Brook Jeffrey R , Lou Wendy , Brinkman Fiona S L , Winsor Geoffrey L , Cook Justin , Becker Allan B , Simons Elinor , Mandhane Piushkumar J , Moraes Theo J , Azad Meghan B , Sears Malcolm R , Turvey Stuart E , Subbarao Padmaja ,   the CHILD Study Investigators, Miliku Kozeta , Reyna Myrtha E
Published: October 2024

The CHILD Cohort Study is an active multi-center longitudinal, prospective, population pregnancy cohort study following Canadian infants from fetal life until adulthood. We hypothesized that early life physical and psychosocial environments interact with biological factors (e.g. immunologic, genetic, physiologic, and metabolic) influencing burdensome non-communicable disease outcomes, including asthma and allergic disorders, growth and development, cardio-metabolic health, and neurodevelopmental outcomes that manifest during the life-course. Detailed clinical and physiologic phenotyping at strategic intervals was complemented by environmental sampling, actigraphy and global positioning system measures, biological sampling including gut, breastmilk and nasal microbiome, nutritional studies, genetics, and epigenetic profiling. Of 3,454 families recruited from 2008 to 2012, study retention was 96.0% at 1-year, 93.2% at 5-years and 90.7% at 8-years. Data collection during the SARS-2 COVID-19 pandemic was partially completed via virtual visits. A sub-cohort was implemented, capturing detailed information on the prevalence and predictors of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the health and psychosocial impact of the pandemic on Canadian families. The 13-year clinical assessment launched in 2022 will be completed in 2025. Ultimately, the CHILD Cohort Study provides a data science platform designed to enable a deep understanding of early life factors associated with the development of chronic non-communicable diseases and multimorbidity.
Experience of a peer prereview service including a junior reviewer program in a professional association
Authors: Smith Susan E , Andrick Laura M , Akuamoah-Boateng Evelyn , Akuamoah-Boateng Kwame , Carothers Chancey , Everett Tiffany , Kao Lillian S , Nicastro Olivia , Witenko Corey J , Hobbs Brandon
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Scientific journals have reportedly low acceptance rates. Peer review support services offering manuscript review before journal submission are uncommon but may increase success with the publication process. The purpose of this report is to describe the development and experience with a peer prereview (PPR) service offered by the Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology (CPP) section of the Society of Critical Care Medicine.

The CPP PPR service provides comprehensive review on research manuscripts before submission to a scientific journal. A junior reviewer program provides an opportunity for mentorship and professional development of reviewers. After the review is complete, authors and reviewers complete a survey regarding their experience with the service. Authors are also contacted biannually to determine their manuscript’s status. From the program’s start in 2011 through June 2022, 64% of the 58 manuscripts reviewed were accepted or published in journals with impact factors ranging from 0.915 to 9.296. Of the 31 (82%) authors responding to the survey, 94% said that the service met or exceeded their expectations and 84% would recommend the service to a colleague. Of the 29 (76%) reviewers responding to the survey, 100% said that the service met or exceeded their expectations and 92% would be willing to review again.

Conclusion

The majority of manuscripts that went through the CPP PPR service were accepted for publication, and both authors and reviewers were highly satisfied with their experience. The CPP PPR service can be used as a framework for other institutions to implement.
Joint exposure to multiple air pollutants, genetic risk and incident psoriasis: a large-scale prospective cohort study
Authors: Xiong Yan , Xia Yuting , Zhang Xinyue , Jiang Biling , Zhang Zeling , Xie Chunhui , Miao Xiaoping , Lan Jiajia , Tao Juan
Published: October 2024

Background

Air pollution and genetic risk have been found to contribute to the onset and development of psoriasis. However, the extent to which genetic susceptibility modifies the effects of air pollutants on the risk of incident psoriasis remains unknown.

Objectives

To assess the association between joint exposure to multiple air pollutants and the risk of psoriasis, and its modification, according to genetic susceptibility.

Methods

This prospective study included 451 064 participants from the UK Biobank who had complete air pollution data and were free of psoriasis at baseline. All participants were enrolled from 2006 to 2010 and followed up to 2022. An air pollution score (APS) was calculated to assess joint exposure to multiple air pollutants, including fine particulate matter (PM) with diameters ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), between 2.5 and 10 μm (PM2.5−10) and ≤ 10 μm (PM10), as well as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). To evaluate the genetic risk, a polygenic risk score (PRS) for psoriasis was constructed. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association of air pollution and genetic susceptibility with the risk of psoriasis. Stratified analyses were conducted based on the individual characteristics.

Results

During a median follow-up of 13.79 years (range 0.00–16.81), 4414 cases of psoriasis were recorded. The hazard ratios (HRs) for psoriasis were 1.036 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.936–1.147], 1.091 (95% CI 0.987–1.206), 1.159 (95% CI 1.048–1.283) and 1.163 (95% CI 1.052–1.286) in the higher APS quintile groups (Q2, Q3, Q4 and Q5, respectively) vs. the lowest APS quintile (Q1; P-value for trend < 0.05). When considering genetic susceptibility, participants with a high PRS and a high APS had the greatest risk of incident psoriasis (HR 1.962, 95% CI 1.630–2.362) vs. those with a low PRS and low APS. The HRs for PM2.5–10, NOx, PM2.5 absorbance, PM2.5, NO2 and PM10 in the group with the highest exposure level and genetic risk were 1.831 (95% CI 1.537–2.181), 1.722 (95% CI 1.431–2.073), 1.698 (95% CI 1.416–2.037), 1.619 (95% CI 1.353–1.938), 1.504 (95% CI 1.252–1.806) and 1.425 (95% CI 1.192–1.704), respectively.

Conclusions

Long-term exposure to various air pollutants is positively associated with an increased risk of incident psoriasis, particularly in individuals with a high genetic risk of the disease. More comprehensive measures are needed to reduce the air pollution levels for better prevention of psoriasis.
Our evolving understanding of the impact of primary HIV infection on brain health
Authors: Winston Alan , Henderson Merle
Published: October 2024

This scientific commentary refers to ‘Serum and CSF biomarkers in asymptomatic patients during primary HIV infection: a randomized study’ by Calcagno et al. (https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awae271).
Expansion of UK medical student numbers: what are the challenges and opportunities for undergraduate dermatology education?
Authors: Chaplin Catriona , Wainman Hannah , Cohen Stuart N , King Thomas , Salam Amr , Sharma Maulina , Singh Mini
Published: October 2024

This correspondence piece addresses the topical issue of the UK government’s plan to expand medical school numbers and its implications for undergraduate medical education, affecting both learners and educators. The article summarizes the results of a survey of undergraduate dermatology educators, highlighting their concerns about the challenges and impact of increasing student numbers. The article highlights the risk of a reduction in the volume and quality of clinical learning opportunities in undergraduate dermatology as a consequence of student numbers exceeding clinical departmental capacity and resources.
ELiAH: the atlas of E3 ligases in human tissues for targeted protein degradation with reduced off-target effect
Authors: Paik Hyojung , Oh Chunryong , Hussain Sajid , Seo Sangjae , Park Soon Woo , Ko Tae Lyun , Lee Ari
Published: October 2024

The development of therapeutic agents has mainly focused on designing small molecules to modulate target proteins or genes which are conventionally druggable. Therefore, targeted protein degradation (TPD) for undruggable cases has emerged as promising pharmaceutical approach. TPD, often referred PROTACs (PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras), uses a linker to degrade target proteins by hijacking the ubiquitination system. Therefore, unravel the relationship including reversal and co-expression between E3 ligands and other possible target genes in various human tissues is essential to mitigate off-target effects of TPD. Here, we developed the atlas of E3 ligases in human tissues (ELiAH), to prioritize E3 ligase–target gene pairs for TPD. Leveraging over 2900 of RNA-seq profiles consisting of 11 human tissues from the GTEx (genotype-tissue expression) consortium, users of ELiAH can identify tissue-specific genes and E3 ligases (FDR P-value of Mann–Whitney test < .05). ELiAH unravels 933 830 relationships consisting of 614 E3 ligases and 20 924 of expressed genes considering degree of tissue specificity, which are indispensable for ubiquitination based TPD development. In addition, docking properties of those relationships are also modeled using RosettaDock. Therefore, ELiAH presents comprehensive repertoire of E3 ligases for ubiquitination-based TPD drug development avoiding off-target effects.

Database URL: https://eliahdb.org
Call to action for acute myocardial infarction in women: international multi-disciplinary practical roadmap
Authors: Manzo-Silberman Stephane , Hawranek Michal , Banerjee Shrilla , Kaluzna-Oleksy Marta , Alasnag Mirvat , Paradies Valeria , Parapid Biljana , Sabouret Pierre , Wolczenko Agnieszka , Kunadian Vijay , Uchmanowicz Izabella , Nizard Jacky , Gilard Martine , Mehran Roxana , Chieffo Alaide
Published: October 2024

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death among women, and the incidence among younger women has shown the greatest increase over the last decades, in particular for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Moreover, the prognosis of women post-AMI is poor when compared with men of similar ages. Since the 1990s, an abundant literature has highlighted the existing differences between sexes with regard to presentation, burden, and impact of traditional risk factors and of risk factors pertaining predominantly to women, the perception of risk by women and men, and the pathophysiological causations, their treatment, and prognosis. These data that have been accumulated over recent years highlight several targets for improvement. The objective of this collaborative work is to define the actions required to reverse the growing incidence of AMI in women and improve the patient pathway and care, as well as the prognosis. We aim to provide practical toolkits for different health professionals involved in the care of women, so that each step, from cardiovascular risk assessment to symptom recognition, to the AMI pathway and rehabilitation, thus facilitating that from prevention to intervention of AMI, can be optimized.
Decision making using similarity to a reference distribution
Authors: Baker Rose D , McHale Ian G
Published: October 2024

Accepted by: Prof. Ali Emrouznejad

In discriminant analysis (DA) and some methods of multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA), we often wish to assign a ‘candidate’ to one of two or more groups, e.g. ‘satisfactory’ or ‘unsatisfactory’. This requires specifying the characteristics of both groups. However, often we are only able or willing to specify the characteristics of one group, the reference or ‘ideal’ group. We propose a method for proceeding in this case, using the overlap index. This is shown to be the probability that a random variable could have come from a reference distribution. This article motivates and introduces the index, describes its estimation and computation, and illustrates its use with examples from discriminant analysis and MCDA. Two of these examples, one of choosing soccer players and another of appraising surgeons, involve managerial decisions. The novelty here is the introduction of ‘1-group discriminant analysis’ based on the overlap index, the application to MCDA and the methodology for the computation of the overlap index.
The journey to building a diverse, equitable, and inclusive American Medical Informatics Association
Authors: Bright Tiffani J , Bear Don’t Walk IV Oliver J , Johnson Carl Erwin , Petersen Carolyn , Dykes Patricia C , Martin Krista G , Johnson Kevin B , Walters-Threat Lois , Craven Catherine K , Lucero Robert J , Jackson Gretchen P , Rizvi Rubina F
Published: October 2024

Objective

The American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) Task Force on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) was established to address systemic racism and health disparities in biomedical and health informatics, aligning with AMIA’s mission to transform healthcare. AMIA’s DEI initiatives were spurred by member voices responding to police brutality and COVID-19’s impact on Black/African American communities.

Materials and Methods

The Task Force, consisting of 20 members across 3 groups aligned with AMIA’s 2020-2025 Strategic Plan, met biweekly to develop DEI recommendations with the help of 16 additional volunteers. These recommendations were reviewed, prioritized, and presented to the AMIA Board of Directors for approval.

Results

In 9 months, the Task Force (1) created a logic model to support workforce diversity and raise AMIA’s DEI awareness, (2) conducted an environmental scan of other associations’ DEI activities, (3) developed a DEI framework for AMIA meetings, (4) gathered member feedback, (5) cultivated DEI educational resources, (6) created a Board nominations and diversity session, (7) reviewed the Board’s Strategic Planning for DEI alignment, (8) led a program to increase diversity at the 2020 AMIA Virtual Annual Symposium, and (9) standardized socially-assigned race and ethnicity data collection.

Discussion

The Task Force proposed actionable recommendations that focused on AMIA’s role in addressing systemic racism and health equity, helping the organization understand its member diversity.

Conclusion

This work supported marginalized groups, broadened the research agenda, and positioned AMIA as a DEI leader while reinforcing the need for ongoing transformation within informatics.
HDAC7 promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation by suppressing Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2
Authors: Jang Jihyun , Bentsen Mette , Bu Jin , Chen Ling , Campos Alexandre Rosa , Looso Mario , Li Deqiang
Published: October 2024

Postnatal mammalian cardiomyocytes (CMs) rapidly lose proliferative capacity and exit the cell cycle and undergo further differentiation and maturation. Cell cycle activation has been a major strategy to stimulate postnatal CM proliferation, albeit achieving modest effects. One impediment is that postnatal CMs may need to undergo dedifferentiation before proliferation, if not simultaneously. Here, we report that overexpression of Hdac7 in neonatal mouse CMs results in significant CM dedifferentiation and proliferation. Mechanistically, we show that HDAC7-mediated CM proliferation is contingent on dedifferentiation, which is accomplished through suppressing MEF2. Hdac7 overexpression in CM shifts the chromatin state from binding MEF2, which favors the differentiation transcriptional program to AP-1, which favors the proliferative transcriptional program. Further, we found that HDAC7 interacts with minichromosome maintenance complex (MCM) components to initiate cell cycle progression. Our findings reveal that HDAC7 promotes CM proliferation by its dual action on CM dedifferentiation and proliferation, uncovering a potential new strategy for heart regeneration/repair.
The association of resilience with HbA1c and key psychosocial factors in emerging adults with type 1 diabetes
Authors: O’Daffer Alison , Yi-Frazier Joyce P , Roberts Alissa J , Lowry Sarah J , Pihoker Catherine , Hirsch Irl B , Weaver Kathryn W , Zenno Anna , Malik Faisal S
Published: October 2024

Objective

Emerging adults (EAs) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have difficulty meeting glycemic targets and have a high prevalence of mental health comorbidities. Resilience, the ability to harness resources needed to sustain one’s emotional and physical well-being, may be a key factor impacting poor mental health and glycemic outcomes. We aimed to (a) evaluate the association between resilience, HbA1c, and key psychosocial factors and (b) explore whether resilience moderates the relationship between psychosocial factors (depression, diabetes-related distress, anxiety) and HbA1c in EAs with T1D.

Method

EAs with T1D (N = 233) (mean age = 19.9 years (SD = 1.6), range 16.8–24.7) seen at an EA-specific diabetes clinic completed resilience, diabetes-related distress, depression, and anxiety measures and had their HbA1c level evaluated. We used linear regression models and conducted moderation analyses for the resilience factor.

Results

Resilience was strongly associated with HbA1c, depression, diabetes-related distress, and anxiety in EAs with T1D. We did not find evidence that resilience moderates the relationship between depression, anxiety, or diabetes-related distress and HbA1c.

Conclusions

This study found that resilience is a highly relevant psychological factor associated with HbA1c and a key mental health factor for EAs with T1D. Novel interventions are needed to ameliorate high diabetes-related distress and HbA1c, and bolstering resilience may be one avenue to explore. Future research on resilience should longitudinally characterize and evaluate whether resilience may be a mechanism underlying the relationship between poor psychosocial outcomes and not meeting glycemic targets in EAs with T1D.
Phenotypic and molecular characterization of vancomycin resistant enterococci from wild birds: first detection of a plasmid-borne vanC1 in Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Hachem Yousra , Djouadi Lydia Neila , Raddaoui Anis , Boukli-Hacene Fella , Boumerdassi Hanane , Achour Wafa , Nateche Farida
Published: October 2024

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are a public health concern as they lead to therapeutic impasses and play a pivotal role in the dissemination of vancomycin resistance genes. As recent evidence suggests that wildlife can play a role in the dissemination of bacterial resistomes, this study explored the potential role of Algerian wild birds as a reservoir of VRE. A total of 222 cloacal and fecal samples were collected from various wild bird species and screened for VRE using a selective medium. Of the 47 isolated strains, 22 were identified as Enterococcus casseliflavus with the vanC2/C3 gene, 24 as Enterococcus gallinarum (19 carrying vanC1 and five carrying vanC2/C3), and one strain as Enterococcus faecalis with the vanC1 gene. Twenty-four (24) strains were multidrug-resistant with 61.7% resistant to rifampicin, while no resistance to teicoplanin, linezolid, and gentamicin was found. Additionally, 53.20% of the strains exhibited at least one virulence factor. To our knowledge, this study represents the first documentation of the vanC1 gene in E. faecalis isolated from wild birds. Furthermore, this gene was found to be carried by a conjugative plasmid, highlighting its ability to spread among bacterial populations and lead to the emergence of novel resistance phenotypes.
Deep H i mapping of M 106 group with FAST
Authors: Liu Yao , Zhu Ming , Yu Hai-Yang , Zhou Rui-Lei , Xu Jin-Long , Ai Mei , Jiang Peng , Yuan Li-Xia , Zhang Hai-Yan
Published: October 2024

We used Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) to conduct deep H i imaging of the entire M 106 group region, and have discovered a few new H i filaments and clouds. Three H i clouds/filaments are found in a region connecting DDO 120 and NGC 4288, indicating an interaction between these two galaxies. The H i features in this region suggest that DDO 120 is probably the origin of the H i stream extending from the northern end of NGC 4288 to M 106. This structure is similar to the Small–Large Magellanic Cloud stream, but much longer, about 190 kpc. Furthermore, based on the distance measurements, we have determined the satellite galaxy members of M 106. With an absolute magnitude cutoff of $M_{B}$  = −10, we obtained a sample of 11 member satellite galaxies for M 106. Using the observed H i mass with FAST, we studied the properties of satellite galaxies in M 106 and found that satellite galaxies with lower stellar masses exhibit more significant deviations from the star-forming main sequence in their specific star formation rates. Furthermore, the relationship between the H i mass of satellite galaxies and optical diameter generally follows the field galaxies relation. We discuss the possible mechanisms leading to the quenching in the M 106 group based on the new data from FAST.
Wanting to Be “Accepted and Heard”: Perspectives About Cessation Messages From LGBTQ+ Individuals Who Dual Use Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes
Authors: Hill Frantasia T , Clark Sonia A , Ross Dew Kelsey , Lee Joseph G L , Goldstein Adam O , Byron M Justin
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes is especially prevalent among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning (LGBTQ+) adults in the United States. This is concerning as the health risks of dual use may be as high or higher than exclusive smoking..

Aims and Methods

We sought to learn the perspectives of LGBTQ+ adults who dual use about dual use, quitting, and cessation ads. Nineteen LGBTQ+ adults who dual use participated in virtual semi-structured interviews in North Carolina in 2022. We asked about perceptions of smoking and vaping in LGBTQ+ communities, their thoughts about quitting, and their opinions on four cessation ads. The ads advocated quitting one or both products. Transcripts were coded using ATLAS.ti and reviewed using a thematic content analysis approach.

Results

Participants described how within LGBTQ+ communities, smoking and vaping are common and accepted and are used to cope or to socialize. Most participants made past quit attempts. Many said they were not ready to quit both products, but some were open to quitting smoking. Some thought e-cigarettes may be as harmful as cigarettes, reducing their motivation to quit smoking cigarettes due to the lack of perceived health benefit. Participants sought cessation ads that explicitly address dual use and are representative and supportive. They disliked ads that felt stereotypical or patronizing.

Conclusions

Dual use in LGBTQ+ communities appears driven by both internal and external pressures. Participants were generally open to quitting cigarettes, and LGBTQ+ smoking cessation may be best encouraged with authentic ads that explicitly address both products.

Implications

These qualitative findings about smoking and vaping among LGBTQ+ individuals provide guidance for communication ad campaign design to help reduce the high dual-use rates among LGBTQ+ adults.
Imprinting New Physics by Using Angular Profiles of the Flavor-Changing-Neutral-Current Process Bc → Ds* (→ Dsπ) ℓ+ℓ-
Authors: Waseem Hira , Hafeez Abdul
Published: October 2024

The decays governed by the flavor-changing-neutral-current (FCNC) transitions, such as $b\rightarrow s\ell ^{+}\ell ^{-}$, provide an important tool to test the physics in and beyond the Standard Model (SM). This work focuses on investigating the FCNC process $B_{c}\rightarrow D_{s}^{*} \left(\rightarrow D_{s}\pi \right)\ell ^{+}\ell ^{-}(\ell =e,\mu ,\tau )$. Being an exclusive process, the initial and final state meson matrix elements involve the form factors, which are nonperturbative quantities and need to be calculated using specific models. By using the form factors calculated in the covariant light-front quark model, we analyze the branching fractions and angular observables such as the forward-backward asymmetry $A_{\mathrm{ FB}}$, polarization fractions (longitudinal and transverse) $F_{L(T)}$, CP asymmetry coefficients $A_{i}$, and CP-averaged angular coefficients $S_{i}$, both in the SM and in some new physics (NP) scenarios. Some of these physical observables are a potential source of finding the physics beyond the SM and help us to distinguish various NP scenarios.
Italian winegrowers' acceptance of result-based agri-environmental schemes
Authors: Muzzillo Margherita , Arata Linda , Rommel Jens , Sckokai Paolo
Published: October 2024

As the debate around the cost-effectiveness of agri-environmental schemes (AES) is growing at the European level, researchers and policymakers are exploring the potential of result-based AES. Result-based AES initiate payments only if pre-defined environmental outcomes are achieved, thus increasing risks for farmers. Using a contingent valuation method, we investigated Italian winegrowers’ acceptance and intensity of participation in a result-based AES targeted at pollinators’ conservation in vineyards. We focused on the role of farmers’ behavioural factors and risk attitudes in driving the acceptance. Results show that, among the 222 farmers who completed the survey, 71 per cent of participants are willing to participate in such a scheme. Non-participation is associated with a high perceived bureaucratic burden. Risk also plays a significant role, as the perceived risk of the scheme decreases the likelihood of enrolment, while risk-seeking farmers are more likely to participate. We found no evidence of risk affecting the intensity of participation. In contrast, while a treatment of a randomly assigned rare-species bonus did not affect the scheme's overall acceptance, it positively influenced intensity. Behavioural factors appear to be related to both acceptance and intensity. Considering this, we suggest strategies to encourage farmer participation in result-based AES.