bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmentally balanced agroecosystems – key to sustainable development
Authors: Sonko S. P. , Zozulia I. O.
Published: July 2024

Considering the large-scale aggravation of the global environmental problem, despite the nearly thirty-year implementation of the Concept of Sustainable Development, developed in Rio de Janeiro (1992),it needs additional researchand justification today. The very fact of a large-scale aggravation of the global environmental problem makes one doubt the methodological correctness of the concept. Since the consumption of natural resources, and, therefore,the ecological state of the environment dependsto a large extent on the understanding of the ecological essence of energy relations in ecosystems, it is worth focusing on the scientific provisions of the domestic school of physical economy, elaborated inthe works of Serhiy Podolinskyi, VolodymyrVernadskyi,Mykola Rudenko, Viktor Pysmak . It is in accordance with these provisions that the system of criteria-indicators of sustainable development requires revision. A new vision of the theoretical foundations for the development of such indicators is proposed.The authors saturate the modern, post-industrial understanding of the meaning of sustainable development with noospheric content. Based on the concept of noospheric ecosystems developed in previous author's works, an attempt is also made to providea qualitatively new justification of the goals and directions of the planetary development ofthe entire human population. Conclusions.The authors see the future trend of implementing the concept of sustainable development only in theapproximationof nature management mechanisms to natural analogues. The applied implementation of the author's theoretical provisions in reforming the administrative-territorial system is proposed
The development of Danube Ports amid war and post-war recovery of the Ukraine
Authors: Horoshkovа L. A. , Horoshkov S. V. , Korniichuk Y. D.
Published: July 2024

Purpose: assessment of the development of Danube Ports amid war and post-war recovery of the Ukraine as part of the security system for Ukraine, Europe, and the world as a whole.

Меthods. In the research general scientific (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analytical grouping) and special (abstraction, modelling, etc.) methods of studying economic phenomena and processes have been used. The object of the study is the Danube river ports.

Results. The conducted analysis showed that in the conditions of war and the blockade of the ports of Greater Odessa, export transportation through the Ukrainian Danube ports of Reni, Izmail, and Ust-Danube has been activated. This was also facilitated by the dredging works in the Bystre estuary, which allowed its transport capabilities to be used for the passage of vessels with a draft of up to 6.5 meters, and not only the Romanian Sulina canal. The analysis showed that, in addition to positive results for Ukrainian ports, there was also an increase in cargo handling volumes in Romanian ports, for example, the Sulina port has shown an increase in cargo movement volumes in recent years. Overall, if we compare the growth rates in the direction of Danube-Black Sea and in the opposite direction, the preference is given to the Danube-sea direction. Regarding transportation through the Danube-Black Sea canal, recent years have also seen an increase in cargo transportation volumes, but this is mainly due to international transportation. Domestic transportation does not show similar dynamics. The Constanta port has also been increasing cargo handling volumes in recent years due to sea transportation, but river transportation is also growing, although not as significantly. Unlike the mentioned ports, the Romanian port of Galati has been decreasing cargo handling volumes since 2021. The reason for this is that, among the two routes considered - the Danube and the Danube-Black Sea to the Constanta port, preference is given to the latter.

Conclusions. The conducted research has shown that the further expansion of navigation along the Danube using the routes Ukraine - Galati, Ukraine - Regensburg, and Ukraine-Constanta (via the Danube) will ensure the effectiveness of the mentioned ports and create additional conditions for the development of transport logistics in the Danube region as part of the security system for Ukraine, Europe, and the world as a whole.

An additional advantage of such decisions is their environmental orientation, since among all types of transport, water transport is the most environmentally friendly.
Modern approaches to the use of Berberis Thunbergii cultivars for sustainable landscape design
Authors: Gololobova O. O. , Gololobov V. V.
Published: July 2024

Purpose. For the purposes of sustainable landscape design of the urban space, to substantiate new modern nature-oriented solutions for the use of dwarf cultivars of the Berberis Thunberg species.

Methods. Visual assessment, computer modeling and visualization.

Results. One of the aspects of realizing the goals of sustainable development, namely Sustainable development of cities and communities, is the rationalization of living space in cities. An integral part of this process is the aesthetic arrangement of territories, which ensures sustainable landscape design. The design of flower arrangements, flower beds can and should change, be updated, absorb new things. One of the ways of realizing such a context when creating permanent flower beds is the use of metal frame structures, which solve the task of creating a contrast with the colors of decorative plant compositions. The choice of the color of the metal frame should be subject to the thematic and landscape context. In order to give graphicness to decorative plant compositions from cultivars of Berberis thunbergii species, the expediency of horizontal contouring of the plant ornament with metal structures with a width of contour lines of 3–5% of the linear dimensions of the structure is shown. Modeling of structures was carried out using the program Realtime Landscaping Architect 2023.02, Trial Free Version. The use of the color solution, shape, texture of the modeled structures, the use of contour lighting of the decorative-but-foliage installation is substantiated. Cultivars of Berberis Thunberg are given, which are appropriate for use, the life span of which can reach 50 years under the conditions of performing the necessary minimum care.

Conclusions. The creation of permanent, aesthetically expressive flower beds and flower beds involves not only the use of environmentally friendly materials, but also the choice of local or adaptive decorative cultivars that provide all-season decorativeness, the absence of the need for annual renewal of plant material, artificial watering, and the creation of a habitat for pollinators and birds The use of cultivars of the Berberis Thunberg species contributes to the creation of stable flower beds that are able to preserve their decorative characteristics for a long time.

The most harmoniously proposed compositions will be revealed in the presence of dynamic visual points, a deep perspective and a panoramic view.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ANATOMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF RHEUM TATARICUM L. PLANTS FROM DIFFERENT ECOPOPULATIONS
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Terletskaya Nina , Kurmanbayeva Meruyert , Gemejiyeva Nadezhda , Karzhaubekova Zhanna , Kudrina Natalya , Malika Erbay , Kusmangazinov Adil , Karabalayeva Dina
Published: July 2024

There are about 60 species of the genus Rheum L. (Polygonaceae) distributed mainly in temperate and subtropical Asia, with the largest number (38 species, including 19 endemics) recorded in China. All species of the genus are used as medicinal plants. According to modern pharmacology, the most important property of the rhubarb root is regulation of the stomach and intestine function, due to its laxa-tive effect; rhubarb also has antipyretic properties and antioxidant activity. The high content of dietary fibers provides protection against cardiovascular diseases, and vitamin K is valuable for the prevention of osteoporosis. However, the active ingredients and their mechanism of action have not been sufficiently studied.Rheum tataricum L., known for its high resistance to drought, salinity, and lack of nutrients is the least studied species of wild rhubarb. The whole plant, and especially the leaves, contains several toxic compounds, in particular anthraquinone glycosides and calcium oxalate crystals. Here we present the results of a comparative analysis of the anatomical and morphological structure of Rh. tataricum plants from ecopopulations growing in the Balkhash and Karatal districts of the Almaty region. We identified the differences due to the weather and climatic conditions of the ecopopulations. It is important to note that many idioblasts containing calcium oxalate were found in the rhizomes of Rh. tataricum, which prevent animals from eating plants and getting poisoned. The number of idioblasts in the central circle of the Rh. tataricum rhizome was smaller in the Balkhash district than in the Karatal district, while the idioblasts were larger in size in the former district. The medicinal and nutritional value of Rh. tataricum growing in a semi-desert environment indicates a high potential of the species in plant breeding, medicine, and as a food source.
POST-FIRE CONDITION AND RESTORATION OF FORESTS ON THE TERRITORY OF KOSTANAY REGION
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Ozgeldinova Zhanar , Mukayev Zhandos , Turlybekov Karshyga , Zhanguzhina Altyn , Ramazanova Nurgul , Ulykpanova Meruyert
Published: July 2024

The results of field studies of post-fire condition and reforestation of Kostanay region are presented. The purpose of the research is to study and analyze the post-fire condition and forest regeneration in the territory of Kostanay region. It was established that the magnitude of post-fire tree declines and their radial growth in stands of the main forest-forming species are determined by the type and intensity of fire. Taking into account the types of forest landscapes using space images, we have identified 7 key and control (background) sites that characterize the disturbed and background undisturbed forest cover. Among them, the most affected by the forest fire are key areas No5 and No7, where a top fire of medium intensity occurred. The forest litter of these key areas was completely burned in a severe fire, the soil seed stock was destroyed, and low intensity of natural regeneration is expected. The average grade of all studied key sites is estimated by us as III and it is connected with untimely harvesting, which resulted in the reduction of annual growth of the plantation. Sanitary condition of plantations in key sites No1, No5, No7 is unsatisfactory in comparison with other sites. Soils of the investigated key sites are not compacted and favorable for growth. In key plot No.1 there was a compacted crust in the surface soil layer. Uneven natural regeneration of common pine after the fire is observed. Predominantly friendly seed sprouting is associated with more moistened lowlands and loosened soil areas. Factors impeding the natural renewal of pine forests include deep burning of the forest floor and soil cover, mechanical effects on the soil and seedlings of the equipment used to develop harems, the mushroom wavy rhizina (Rhizina undulata) which affects the roots of coniferous trees.
Peculiarities of ecological and geographical habitat of the rare species Tulipa Borszczowii Regel (Liliaceae) within Kazakhstan
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Akhatayeva Dinara , Vesselova Polina , Inelova Zarina , Osmonali Bektemir
Published: July 2024

The article presents the results of critical review of available herbarium specimens of Tulipa borszc-zowii Regel (Liliaceae) – a rare species listed in the List of Rare and Threatened Plant Species (2006); Red Books: Kazakh SSR (1981), South Kazakhstan (Turkestan) region (2002); Republic of Kazakhstan (2014), Kyzylorda region (2014). The aim of the study was to investigate its current distribution and ecological habitat to identify potential growing sites within the Republic. Specimens of the studied species stored in such major Herbaria as: AA, TASH, MW, LE were reviewed. A total of 147 herbarium specimens were viewed during the study. Also, in the process of work was carried out screening of domestic and foreign sources (including electronic databases) containing information on the places of Tulipa borszczowiigrowth. As a result of the research: the morphological description of the species was supplemented with detailing the range of color gamma of perianth lobes; the northern boundaries of the Kazakh part of the Tulipa borszczowii area were specified, which are simultaneously the northern limits of distribution of the species as a whole and the list of floristic areas of Kazakhstan in which it is fixed was expanded; a map-scheme of the species locations within the Republic was drawn up; The tasks for further research are formulated, in particular, the need for biometric studies and clarification of both the northwestern and northeastern limits of Tulipa borszczowii growth.
Synopsis of the flora of the «Kokshetau» SNNP of the «Ormandy Bulak» Branch
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Durmekbayeva Shynar , Turlybekovna Gulmira , Alibek Assemgul , Khamitova Gilnar , Shakirzhanova Inzira
Published: July 2024

This article presents a summary of the flora and the results of the floristic analysis of plants growing on the territory of the «Kokshetau» state national natural park of the «Ormandy bulak» branch. During the study, the following signs of vegetation were identified: habitat in the study area; classification of life forms by K. Raunkier and I.G. Serebryakov; ecological group in relation to moisture; economic signifi-cance. A taxonomic analysis was also carried out and the ratio of genera and species was determined. The flora of the «Ormandy bulak» branch of the «Kokshetau» SNNP has 56 species, 54 genera and 27 families. The leading genera include Rosaceae Juss., Asteraceae Dumort, Ranunculaceae Juss., FabaceaeLindl. and Plantaginaceae Juss. Rubus L. and Galium L. they are the dominant genera. In addition, spe-cies listed in the Red Book of Kazakhstan have been identified, these are Pulsatilla patens (L.) Mill. and Adonis vernalis L. In order to preserve the full biological diversity, and not only endangered species, it is necessary to assess the current state of regional flora and vegetation diversity, assess their structure and prospects for rational use.
CURRENT SOIL STATE OF POPULATIONS OF SEDUM HYBRIDUM L. AND SEDUM EWERSII LEDEB. FOUND IN THE ZAILIY ALATAU
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Kobylina Tatyana , Tynybekov Bekzat , Nurmahanova Akmaral , Satybaldiyeva Gulmira , Sadyrova Gulbanu , Kyrbassova Elzira , Imanova Elmira , Parmanbekova Meruert , Childebaeva Asel , Kulymbet Kanat
Published: July 2024

The article describes the natural soil conditions of Sedum hybridum L. and Sedum ewersii Ledeb—populations area based on the results of field and laboratory soil studies of soils. Soil types, morphological features, chemical composition, nutrient elements, amount of humus, absorbed bases and salt composition, and mechanical composition of soils are determined. The following soil types were identified during field studies: Kokzhailau Gorge (population 1) – chernozem, Turgeni Gorge (population 2) – chernozem, near Kastek River (population 3) – chestnut soil. The humus content in the 0-80 cm layer of chernozem (population 1) of Kokzhailiau gorge is very high, ranging from 5.55-12.81%, the reaction of the soil medium is within pH 7.10-7.40, i.e. CO2 content ranges from 0.16 to 0.34. On chernozems of Turgeni gorge (population 2) humus content in 0-60 cm layer is very high, within 5.90-20.88%, reaction of soil medium within pH 6.15-7.07, amount of CO2 within 0.21-0.34. On chestnut soils near the Kastek River (population 3), the humus content in the 0-73 cm layer was in the range of 1.57-6.92%, the pH ranged from 7.13-8.23, i.e. it was alkaline, the CO2 content was in the range of 0.16 - 0.34. The composition of salts in the chernozems of the Kokzhailau gorge: CO3 - not detected; HCO3- - 0,24- 0,48 ; Cl- – 0.04; CO4- – 0,12-0,92; Sa+ – 0,29-0,49; Mg 2+ – 0,20-0,98; Na+ – 0,05-0,06; To+ – 0,05-0,23; The amount of salts is 0.060-0.083%. It was found that the soils of all 3 populations are not saline, since the amount of salts does not exceed the salinity limit.
The nature of the agrarian economy of the Kazakh Khanate (second half of the XVth – first half of the XVIIIth centuries)
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Zhumaganbetov Talgat
Published: July 2024

The study of the history of any society and its political organization, the state, will be completely logical and complete only if we proceed from the realities of the economic system. The purpose of our research is the economy of the Kazakh state in the second half of the XV th - first half of the XVIII th centuries. All major events, such as the causes of war, subsequent political unions, the actions of individual khans, sultans, biys and mass processes in the lower classes of society will become understandable if you know the specifics of the economy of Kazakh society, which in a given historical period could only be of an agrarian nature. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that since the abandonment of the formational concept in Kazakh science, this work examines historical processes from a basic, economic platform. Moreover, the author clearly demonstrates the non-livestock sectors of the economy of the Kazakh Khanate in the XV-XVIII centuries, as a factor in the stability of the state. This study is based on the civilizational methodological concept. Uses historical-comparative, historical-systemic, historical-typological and other methods of scientific knowledge. In accordance with the goals and objectives of this work, the author showed scientific results. In accordance with the objectives, he clearly proved on written, archaeological and partly ethnographic materials that the Kazakh state of the period under study was based not only on pasture animal husbandry. The Kazakh economy was based on such full-fledged industries as agriculture, crafts, trade, crafts, etc. The main conclusion of this article is that in Kazakh historical science it is necessary to change the approach to the study of Kazakh statehood and society. It is necessary to refuse to view these institutions only through nomadism. The stability of the state of the Kazakh Chinggisids was based not only on extensive livestock farming, but also on other equally important agricultural sectors of the economy, including oasis settlements and cities.
The role of pilgrimage in cultural and spiritual ties between the Ottoman empire and the peoples of Central Asia (ХІХ-ХХ centuries)
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Abdukadyrov Nurzhigit , Naimanbayev Bekmurat
Published: July 2024

At the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, a new stage of political, social and cultural relations began between the Ottoman Empire and the peoples of Central Asia. The Ottoman Sultan, as the caliph of the Islamic world and a supporter of Islam, always supported the Turkic-Muslim peoples of Central Asia. One of the closest ties between peoples was cultural and spiritual relations, and an important role in this area was played by the Muslim pilgrimage - the Hajj. The Central Asian Muslims who made the pilgrimage stayed in the territories of the Ottoman Empire for a long time in order to deeply study the Muslim culture and Islamic teachings. Back in the country, they used their materials to develop Muslim culture and spiritual knowledge and provide religious education. The article discusses the role of the Muslim pilgrimage in the development of cultural and spiritual ties between the Ottoman Empire and the Turkic-Muslim peoples of Central Asia. The topic of the scientific article reflects a certain aspect of the problem - this means the role and contribution of the Muslim pilgrimage in cultural and spiritual ties among Muslim peoples. The purpose of the research work is to study the activities of pilgrims in the development of cultural and spiritual ties between the Ottoman Empire and Central Asia. It also studies the place and contribution of pilgrimage in the development of the idea of pan-Turkism and pan-Islamic ideology among the Turkic peoples of the Ottoman Empires and Turkestan. A new scientific analysis is being carried out on the history of cultural and humanitarian relations between the Ottoman Empire and the Turkic-Muslim peoples of Central Asia.
Small yuezhi – the “vanished” Zhat tribes: Lin-Yi and Funang
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Omarova Unsiya , Shamshidenova Fakiya
Published: July 2024

The article examines the history of the kingdom of Lin-i in Southeast Asia as a result of the ethnic development of the kingdom of the Little Yuezhi, who left Southern Siberia with the ethnonym Tsat (in Kazakh Zhat). Based on the epigraphic inscription “Wo-Kan”, the influence of the Gupta (Kushan civilization) from India on China and the countries of Indochina is characterized. Also, based on eastern sources and inscriptions, an analysis of the history of the Guptas is given. These sources are of particular historical value as they reflect the early formation of the Khmer Kingdom at Prey-Nokor at the onset of Indianization brought by the Gupta Empire and are written in their script (Sanskrit), markedly similar to the Khmer cursive script used to this day. The author comes to the conclusion that part of the people of the Lesser Yuezhi, in the process of syncretization of Hinduism, Islam, which combines animists and Buddhist rituals, in addition to shamanic inclinations – «Bon», possibly brought from Siberia, became Lin-i in conjunction with Funan with the language is Jat (or Tsat) then Champoy and disappeared from the map of the earth in 1835. The “Great Yuezhi” created the Kushan kingdom, which later became the “Guptas” (Goth or Zhat) in India. The results presented in this article will be of interest to researchers in the field of Asian history and regional studies, as well as a wide range of readers whose interests are directly related to the topic raised in this study.
The combat path and command activity of Hero of the Soviet Union S. Nurmagambetov
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Sailan Bolat
Published: July 2024

The article reveals the features of the social origin and formation of the Hero of the Soviet Union Sagadat Nurmagambetov (1924-2013). His life reflected all the historical events of his country: the Sec-ond World War, the difficult post-war period, the collapse of the Soviet Union and the formation of independent Kazakhstan. It was S. Nurmagambetov who became the first commander of the defense of Kazakhstan in the conditions of a sovereign state of the country. The article uses the biographical method, the methodological features of which made it possible to consider the process of identification and true assessment of personality. The source material was based on materials from archival funds and websites dedicated to the creation of the new Armed Forces of independent Kazakhstan, memories of veterans of the Great Patriotic War, memories of S. Nurmagambetov’s friends and colleagues about his role in the creation of a modern army, improvement of military service and the military education system. The article shows military educational institutions named after S. Nurmagambetov, provides an analysis of books about military events at the front during the war, describes his contribution to the formation of traditions and the foundation of the armed forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan. This article contributes to the development of historical memory of local actors of the Second World War, patriotism and histori-cal continuity.
Daily work of children of Kazakhstan during the war (1941-1945)
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Saktaganova Zauresh , Abdukarimova Zhanara
Published: July 2024

The article explores the issues of labor children's everyday life in the Kazakh SSR during the Great Patriotic War. Labor during the war years became an integral part of children's life in the rear areas of the USSR. Children’s involvement in labor, both domestic and public, was a common practice in the USSR, but during the war years it became an objective necessity. Based on archival data, the authors study the types of pioneers’ social work and schoolchildren in the regions of the Kazakh SSR and their real contribution to the common cause, the role of propaganda and agitation of selfless labor of the younger generation. Based on interview materials the authors investigated the issues of children's labor in everyday life in the cities and rural areas, revealed the specifics of the volume and degree of severity of children's labor depending on the place of their residence, family composition and its material well-being. A unique source for the study of children's labor in everyday life was a boy's diary, where the child told about the hardships and difficulties that befell his family, also his help for the relatives. The authors of the article studied the issues related to the labor education of adolescents at schools of factory tutoring, vocational and railroad institutes, and what was the main reason for the growth in the enrollment of these educational institutions.
ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ACCEPTANCE AND DELIVERY OF ELECTRONIC ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Tulebaev Turganzhan , Sydykova Aigerim
Published: July 2024

The development of electronic resources and digital technologies has contributed to the transition to electronic document management and digitalization of document management. The question arises regarding the high-quality storage and creation of electronic archives. Therefore, the purpose of our article is to study the regulatory legal acts of the state that regulate the activities of the electronic archives of the country. To achieve this goal, the following tasks should be addressed: creating a list of documents included in the country’s electronic archive, examining the rules for digitizing and publishing archival documents in the Republic of Kazakhstan, and identifying current challenges and prospects for developing electronic archives. Results. With the adoption of the "Digital Kazakhstan" program, over 500,000 sheets of archival documents are digitized annually. However, by the beginning of 2023, only 5% of the nearly 16 million storage units in public storage within the National Archival Fund of Kazakhstan have been transferred to electronic format. This indicates low efficiency in using information systems in archives. The study showes that the country's archives carry out the online service «Issuance of archival certificates, copies of archival documents or archival extracts», they are available to citizens through the official website www.egov.kz and the «EGov» mobile application. The availability of digitized archival materials varies significantly in such regional archives of the country as the West Kazakhstan, East Kazakhstan and Aktobe regions; search and access to electronic materials on their official web pages is easy and fast, while the web pages of the archives of Almaty, Pavlodar , Mangistau, Kyzylorda, Karaganda, Zhambyl regions is limited. Conclusions. The study showed that the list of documents included in the electronic archive is not legally defined, the validity period of the electronic digital signature expires within one year, which further raises doubts about the legality of such documents. It is crucial to not only enhance the regulatory framework for archives and documentation but also create guidelines for archives to develop web resources.
The problem of the relationship of matter and consciousness From the point of modern information theory
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Gabrielyan Oleg , Vitulyova Yelizaveta , Suleimenov Ibragim
Published: July 2024

In the article, the authors propose to consider the problem of the relationship between matter and consciousness from a slightly different angle. Known. that the results obtained to date in the field of studying neural networks and artificial intelligence force us to largely reconsider the content of the concept of “consciousness”.The emergence of modern information processing systems, including the most highly developed ones, essentially represent certain fundamental properties inherent in matter as such. This conclusion is based on experimental data proving that a complex system of any nature becomes such provided that it is converted into a neural network or its analogue. In this context, “consciousness” corresponds to only one of the levels of the complex hierarchy of systems of perception and information processing that permeate the universe from the physical and chemical level to the level of the Universe.It has been suggested that, in accordance with existing well-known theories about the world spirit, it is permissible to interpret the so-called World Spirit (according to Hegel) by considering the Universe as a kind of neural network that forms a certain system of perception and processing of information.
Confucianism and legalism about the phenomenon of power
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Sagikyzy Ayazhan , Malik Galym
Published: July 2024

This article examines the conceptual differences and similarities in the teachings of Confucius and Lao Tzu regarding the phenomenon of power. The research is based on the analysis of the primary sources: Confucius and Lao Tzu, in order to identify their philosophical views on the nature, function and principles of power in government. The key texts of Confucius and Lao Tzu are analyzed in detail, which allows a deeper understanding of their vision of power and governance. The purpose of the article is a comparative analysis of the doctrine of power in Confucianism and the philosophical justification of despotic power in the ancient Chinese epic-political doctrine «fa jia» (in the Western tradition it is called legalism). The study of the phenomenon of power in the philosophy of ancient China inevitably leads to the consideration of two key figures - Confucius and Lao Tzu. These thinkers offered different but complementary views on the nature of power and the governance of society. Power, according to Confucius, should be based on the moral qualities of the ruler. A wise leader serves as an example for his subjects, establishing stability and harmony. Confucius argued that the moral self-improvement of a leader is the basis for the legitimacy of his authority. The Legists argued that optimal control is achieved through minimal intervention. The ruler should allow natural processes to occur smoothly, avoiding excessive control and coercion. Softness and fluidity are more important than strength and rigidity. Both Confucians and legists alike considered the relationship of man, society and the state. They considered hierarchy to be the principle of this ratio. At its top is the state headed by the ruler, the middle is occupied by society, and at the bottom is a person. A person belongs to society, and both of them belong to the state. The state belongs to the ruler (monarch). Thus, both Confucians and Legists recognized the same form of government as the only correct ones. Both also saw the ideal of a state structure in an exemplary manner. However, the understanding of the methods by which this order is achieved is fundamentally different between Confucians and Legists.
Comparative analysis of the philosophy of space and time in the Kazakh falsafe with the philosophical traditions of other peoples
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Zhangaliyeva Ainur , Tolepbergeni Zhanar , Balapashev Beken
Published: July 2024

The philosophy of space and time represents an important direction in philosophical research, enriching the understanding of the nature of time and space in the context of the cultural, historical, and philosophical traditions of various peoples. This article conducts a comparative analysis of the philosophy of space and time in the Kazakh philosophical tradition with the philosophical traditions of other nations, such as Chinese and Greek. The article emphasizes the relevance of studying this topic in the modern world, where rapid technological progress, climate change, globalization, and cultural diversity present us with new challenges and changes. The philosophy of space and time contributes to a deep understanding of the impact of these changes on our perception of the world. The analysis of the philosophical views of Kazakh philosophy, based on nomadic culture, Islam, and historical factors, reveals the unique features of this philosophical tradition. A comparison with Chinese and Greek philosophy highlights similarities and differences in the understanding of time and space, enriching the philosophical dialogue between cultures. Furthermore, the analysis of the influence of cultural and historical factors on the formation of the philosophy of space and time in Kazakhstan underscores the importance of these factors in shaping philosophical traditions. Thus, this article calls for the continued study of the philosophy of space and time in the modern world to better understand the challenges and changes we face and to develop deeper and more balanced approaches to addressing them.
Research on the Coupled and Coordinated Development of Tourism and Transport in Chongqing Municipality
Authors: Shu Mengmeng
Published: July 2024

By examining the current status of tourism and transport research both domestically and internationally, and analyzing the development trends of Chongqing’s tourism and transport industry, this study evaluates the weight indices and performs a coupling and coordination analysis of various indicators of Chongqing’s tourism and transport industry from 2011 to 2019. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) The value of the comprehensive evaluation function for tourism is higher than that of the transport industry, indicating that Chongqing’s tourism industry is in a period of vigorous development; (2) The degree of coupling coordination development between Chongqing’s tourism and transportation industries from 2011 to 2019 is rising. As the coupling coordination stage continues to improve, the level of coupling coordination also improves, with the overall trend showing a progression from mild dysfunction to primary coordination. Based on these conclusions, corresponding countermeasures are proposed to promote the coupling coordination between tourism and transport in Chongqing, and suggestions are made for the overall improvement of the transport industry and the sustainable development of the tourism industry.
The effective of a training program to improve self-concept among students with speech disorders in the primary school
Authors: Ahmed Khalil Alyas , Yassin Muhammad al-Dabbagh Afrah
Published: July 2024

This study aims to measure whether a training program for children with impairments in early stages is useful at enhancing their sense of self-concept. To accomplish research’s objective, two hypotheses were formulated; one alternative and the other one invalid. The empirical method was used in which the design was to select one group with pre and post-test. The procedure requires the presence of one group for which a pre-test is conducted and then exposed to the training program, after which a post-test and a follow up test are conducted one month after the end of the application. The research participants consisted of the students of the third, fourth, and fifth grades in the primary stage at the Emirati Dar Al-Ataa Center affiliated to the General Directorate of Education in the center of Erbil Governorate for the academic year (2021-2022). The study sample consisted of (5) students, with (4) males and one female, from the age groups (9-12) years. The researchers prepared the self-concept scale and the number of its items in its final form reached (34). The scale was applied to the main sample after calculating the validity and correlation coefficient for each dimension of the scale and its total score, extracting the discriminatory power, ensuring its stability by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of (0.850), and calculating the half- segmentation of it which was (0.827). The data was analyzed based on a fundamental sample, the statistical package program (SPSS) to reach the results of the research. According to the study’s findings, the post-test significantly improved self-concept compared to the pre-test, while there was no statistically significant difference between the two tests in terms of enhancing self-concept (post and follow up). The researchers made several recommendations and other ideas in light of the research findings.
Diverse flies (Diptera) likely pollinate an alpine death camas, Anticlea elegans (Melanthiaceae)
Authors: Cane James H
Published: July 2024

Several populations of a species of death camas (Anticlea elegans) (Melanthiaceae) were found growing and flowering above treeline in the remote Lemhi Mountains of southeastern Idaho USA. The predominant floral visitors were flies representing four families, particularly the Syrphidae. Many individual flies bore visible loads of Anticlea pollen. Various native bees were seen foraging in the locale, but all visited flowers other than Anticlea. The flies, as well as ants, fed from the tepal nectaries. Despite the plant’s common name, no foragers appeared to be impaired by imbibing its nectar. High in a neighbouring mountain range, A. elegans was being used as a trysting site by numerous Tenthredo sawflies. This is the first report of floral visitors to any Anticlea and among the first for any wildflower population above treeline in the vast US Intermountain West.
PENGEMBANGAN LKPD DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING BERBANTUAN GEOGEBRA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS DAN DAYA JUANG SISWA SMK
Authors: Donni Andreas Nainggolan  , Izwita Dewi  , Mulyono
Published: July 2024

Abstrak
Penelitian ini mempunyai dua tujuan. Pendekatan pembelajaran Creative Problem Solving dan GeoGebra akan digunakan untuk membuat Perangkat Pembelajaran dan Dokumen Masalah (LKPD). Berdasarkan validitas, praktikalitas, dan kemanjuran dalam meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah dan resiliensi matematis siswa, maka akan tercipta LKPD. Kedua, penelitian ini akan menjelaskan bagaimana LKPD dan paradigma pembelajaran Creative Problem Solving menggunakan GeoGebra dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah dan resiliensi matematis siswa. Penelitian R&D menjadi topik penelitian ini. Penelitian ini mengikuti model ADDIE—Analisis, Desain, Pengembangan, Implementasi, dan Evaluasi. Berdasarkan penelitian, paradigma pembelajaran Creative Problem Solving menggunakan GeoGebra membantu terciptanya LKPD yang sah, praktis, dan sukses. Selain itu, kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa mengalami peningkatan yang ditunjukkan dengan n-gain sedang sebesar 0,36 pada uji coba I dan 0,40 pada uji coba II. LKPD yang menerapkan paradigma Creative Problem Solving dengan GeoGebra terbukti meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa. Kekuatan bertarung siswa dimasukkan dalam indikasi Quitters dalam penelitian ini. Uji coba II menunjukkan daya juang murid mencapai tahap indikasi Climbers.
Dobre praktyki pedagogiczne. Las jako przestrzeń przysposobienia do pracy uczniów z umiarkowaną niepełnosprawnością intelektualną
Authors: Lis-Zaldivar Anna , Ziemkowska Joanna
Published: July 2024

Praca jest istotnym elementem życia dorosłego człowieka. Może zaspokajać nie tylko potrzeby materialne, ale również społeczne, kulturalne oraz rozwoju osobistego. W sytuacji osób z niepełnosprawnością dodatkowo pełni rolę rehabilitacyjną i motywacyjną do podejmowania działań i aktywności. Na przykładzie Ośrodka Szkolno-Wychowawczego w Niemieńsku przedstawiono przysposobienie uczniów z umiarkowaną niepełnosprawnością intelektualną do pracy w lesie. Dzięki osobistemu zaangażowaniu nauczycieli oraz nadleśnictwa powstał wyjątkowy projekt angażujący młodzież na rzecz gospodarki leśnej i ochrony zwierząt. Nie tylko była możliwość bezpośredniego zapoznania się z dobrodziejstwami lasu, ale również zadbania o jego ochronę i stan. Uczniowie wykonywali użyteczne dla leśnictwa prace, np. sadzenie lasu, ewidencjonowanie i sprzątanie budek lęgowych, naprawy grodzeń, malowanie infrastruktury leśnej, przygotowywanie karmy dla zwierząt, dokarmianie zwierząt podczas mroźnej zimy. Praktyki w lesie dla młodzieży miały również pozytywny walor emocjonalny. Wszyscy uczniowie lubili przebywać i pracować w lesie. Określono osiągniecia uczniów po odbyciu praktyk, w zakresie wiedzy o leśnych zwierzętach i roślinach, ochronie przyrody, dbaniu o las, pracach użyteczności leśnej. W poniższym tekście został omówiony fragment weryfikacji wiedzy i umiejętności młodzieży dotyczący jedynie użyteczności prac fizycznych wykonywanych na terenie lasu. Wraz z rozwiązaniem Ośrodka Szkolno-Wychowawczego w Niemieńsku praktyki zostały wstrzymane, a uczniowie zakończyli edukację lub rozpoczęli naukę w innych ośrodkach, gdzie realizują obowiązujące tam przygotowanie zawodowe.
Anomalous Conductive Properties of Polymer Composites with Carbon Nanotubes: Why Power Laws Are Not Universal
Authors: Khamidullin T. L. , Lounev I. V. , Sattarov S. A. , Dimiev A. M.
Published: July 2024

The conductive properties of CNT/polymer composites have been extensively studied. However, the impact of CNT distribution in the matrix on the composite polarization remains underexplored and poorly understood. Since it is difficult to achieve a uniform distribution of CNTs in polymers, most researchers have focused only on indiscriminately aggregated states. In this article, a new blending method was suggested to prepare a series of epoxy resin-based composite samples with varying levels of CNT uniformity/aggregation and the same filling fractions. Notably, the permittivity values turned out to be inversely related to the composite uniformity: the lowest permittivity values were obtained in the most uniform formulation, and vice versa. With 0.1% CNT, the real part values of the most uniform and aggregated samples were 6.6 and 16.2 at 107 Hz and 11.6 and 370.5 at 101 Hz, respectively. For the filler content of 0.1–0.5%, the conductive properties were largely determined by the distribution of CNTs and not their content. Within the entire frequency range, the uniform sample with 0.2% CNT exhibited significantly lower permittivity than the aggregated sample with 0.1% CNT. These findings emphasize the importance of the aggregation factor and underscore the non-universality and limitations of the percolation theory and power laws. The observed phenomenon is best explained by the micro-capacitor model, or the Maxwell–Wagner polarization, and suggests that a significant portion of the literature in the field needs to be reconsidered.
Brand experience and consumer inspiration: The mediating role of openness to experience
Authors: Çavuşoğlu S. , Dağ K.
Published: July 2024

The introduction of new technologies provides consumers with additional shopping opportunities and allow them to test new products. The study was conducted to determine the effects of brand experience on customer inspiration and behavioral intention and to establish the mediating role of openness to experience. The theoretical framework of the study resides in the theory of marketing and cognitive appraisal theory. Convenience sampling method and structural equation modelling were used within the study. The population of the study consists of customers who order from the online takeaway portal yemeksepeti.com. The data were gathered using questionnaires collected online in June, 2023. A total of 416 valid responses were received. Smart PLS 4 statistical program was used to test the hypotheses. As a result of the tests, it was found that brand experience has a positive effect on customer inspiration and openness to experience. It was also determined that openness to experience has a positive effect on customer inspiration by partially mediating the positive effect between brand experience and inspiration. Furthermore, the hypothesis that customer inspiration positively affects behavioral intention was also confirmed. The research will contribute to expanding the literature on consumer inspiration and openness to experience. Among possible directions for further research is to test the proposed model in relating industries or using statistical data from other countries.
Factors in consumer choice of Russian retail chains’ private labels: The role of green attributes
Authors: Aleksanova Svetlana S. , Sheresheva Marina Yu. , Valitova Lilia A. , Aleksanov Konstantin N. , Deng Junzhi ч
Published: July 2024

The issues of green marketing, its impact on consumer behaviour, and the evolution of retail chains’ private labels (PLs) are well-covered in scientific literature. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research addressing the interconnection of these three aspects. The paper explores the factors affecting consumer decisions to purchase green private labels and identifies what product attributes Russian consumers associate with being green, i.e., safe for both the consumer and the environment at all stages of production, sales and disposal. The methodological basis of the study resides in relationship marketing theory, consumer choice theory, value perception theory and the concept of sustainable development. The data for the empirical study were obtained from in-depth expert interviews with retail chains’ representatives and respondents’ survey. The data were processed using correlation and regression analysis, as well as content analysis. The research results indicate that the price of private labels is not the sole factor in consumer choice: it is influenced by both socio-demographic characteristics of respondents and additional properties of PLs, including a set of green attributes, informative packaging, social orientation of private labels, etc. The findings of the study are valuable for planning marketing campaigns to promote PLs of retail chains.
The level of medical care accessibility in Russia: Regional differentiation
Authors: Krivenko Natalya V.
Published: July 2024

The need to consider economic risks and respond to demographic challenges pushes the issues of creating and maintaining the quality of regions’ human potential, as well as saving population health to the research agenda. The aim of the study is to investigate the resourcing of regional health care systems in Russia in order to determine the level of medical care accessibility. Methodologically, the paper relies on the concepts of systems and regional economics, labour economics. The study applies time series and comparative analyses, as well as index, score-rating methods, composite coefficients calculation. The data is the socioeconomic and health care statistics by federal districts for 2005–2022 taken from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation. The paper finds that regions differ in terms of the level of the medical care accessibility. Reportedly, the Ural Federal District ranked high for the efficiency of regional health care systems in 2021, which, according to the analysis, is due to the developed systems of preventive and emergency care. Conversely, the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts were at the bottom of the ranking because of the deficit of physicians in emergency departments and scarce health care financing. The findings may underlie the development of measures on the improvement of health care resourcing, management, and efficiency both at national and regional levels.