bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L' analisi stratigrafica degli edifici: il caso studio del castello di Heimfels in Tirolo (Austria)
Authors: Carbut Silvia
Published: November 2019

Con el análisis estratigráfico de una parte del castillo de Heimfels (figura 01), realizado con la “Scuola di Specializzazione in Restauro dei Monumenti del Politecnico di Milano”, en colaboración con el ingeniero y arquitecto W. Hauser (Superintendente del Tirolo) y del Dr. M. Mittermair (historiador del arte de Val Punteria), se han intentado analizar tres sectores diferentes del castillo a través del sistema constructivo y de sus fases (Bauanalyse), para discernir por medio del reconocimiento, la comparación, la combinación y la exclusión de relaciones entre las partes, la génesis de este edificio histórico. La complejidad aparente de este edificio nos lleva a delimitar cada fase constructiva (Baugeschichte) con el objetivo de poder llegar, a través de criterios analíticos, constructivos y arquitectónicos (Bauforschung) a una cronología, que inicialmente será relativa, para adquirir después la condición de absoluta.
La expresión gráfica como método analítico de las intervenciones arquitectónicas en el patrimonio. La bóveda central de la catedral de Córdoba
Authors: Barrego Ortega Pedro José , Bañasco Sánchez Pablo , Prado Godoy Juan Luis
Published: November 2019

Un reciente acuerdo de colaboración entre el Departamento de Expresión Gráfica e Ingeniería en la Edificación de la ETSIE de Sevilla y el Instituto Andaluz de Patrimonio Histórico, dirigido a la clasificación, catalogación y análisis del Fondo Documental Becerra, viene a convertirse en merecido homenaje póstumo a uno de los profesores del Departamento de Expresión Gráfica de la antigua EUAT de Sevilla, más intensamente dedicados a intervenir en el patrimonio arquitectónico. 

Jose Maria Becerra, como docente, dejo una profunda huella en el Departamento del que formo parte, como así lo atestigua el premio anual que lleva su nombre, y que se otorga al alumno más destacado por la calidad de sus trabajos gráficos. En su edición correspondiente al curso académico 2010-2011, se le concedía al alumno, matriculado en la asignatura Expresión Gráfica y Tecnologías de la Edificación, Juan Luis Prados Godoy, quien, como desarrollo a su Trabajo Fin de Grado y también bajo la tutela del profesor Barrero, vuelve a recurrir a la Expresión Gráfica como método concluyente para el análisis de las intervenciones arquitectónicas patrimoniales. 

Se presentan en este artículo los resultados que, bajo el título: “Análisis de la intervención en la bóveda central de la Catedral de Córdoba en la década de los noventa”, demuestran esa absoluta conveniencia de la Expresión Gráfica como herramienta imprescindible en el ámbito del análisis de la intervención arquitectónica en el patrimonio.
Metodología de recuperación gráfica de las portadas del Palacio Condal de Oliva
Authors: Martínez Moya Joaquín Ángel , Soler Estrela Alba
Published: November 2019

Entre 1917 y 1920 el arquitecto danés Egil Fischer con la ayuda de su discípulo Vilhem Lauritzen realizó un importante levantamiento gráfico del Palacio Condal de Oliva con la finalidad de desmontar sus elementos más singulares para trasladarlos a Dinamarca. En 1.920 el Palacio fue declarado Monumento Nacional para preservarlo del expolio al que estaba predeterminado. Esta declaración gubernamental no impidió la desaparición casi total del palacio durante la primera mitad del siglo XX. Paradojicamente y gracias a la vasta documentación gráfica obtenida por ambos arquitectos (libros de notas, croquis, planos y fotografías) hoy es posible recuperar gráficamente gran parte de este singular palacio, a caballo entre el gótico-tardío y el renacimiento y exponente de la arquitectura civil valenciana de la época.

En el presente artículo expondremos el proceso de recuperación gráfica de uno de los elementos arquitectónicos más singulares de dicho palacio: sus portadas tardogóticas.
Estudio murario y documental del origen de la iglesia de San Juan del Hospital de Valencia
Authors: Crespo Godino Daniel , López González Concepción , García Valldecabres Jorge L.
Published: November 2019

El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido tratar de definir los límites físicos que tuvo el templo de San Juan del Hospital originalmente. Para ello hemos aplicado una metodología de trabajo precisa y rigurosa, la estratigrafía muraria, propia del ámbito de la arqueología urbana. El procedimiento seguido conlleva inventariar y catalogar todas las huellas encontradas en los paramentos, las unidades, los sistemas, técnicas y elementos constructivos encontrados en las estructuras de sus fábricas, así como el análisis de las referencias encontradas en las fuentes documentales, tanto escritas como gráficas, que se refieren al origen de la construcción. Se han realizado los diagramas estratigráficos, a través de los cuales se han establecido las relaciones de diacronía y sincronía entre las diversas unidades estratigráficas del objeto construido, lo que ha permitido localizar la parte primaria del Templo. Es así, como se ha logrado un resultado sorprendente al encontrar dos periodos diferentes de actuaciones durante el siglo XIII.

San Juan del Hospital es la Iglesia más antigua de Valencia, tras la catedral, después de la conquista de Valencia en 1238 por el Rey Jaime I. Los resultados han servido para elaborar la representación virtual de la génesis constructiva de la Iglesia, y mejorar la interpretación de las huellas y sistemas encontrados con la finalidad de poder conservar y difundir.
Wyngaerde en Zamora
Authors: Rodríguez Méndez Francisco Javier , García Gago Jesús María
Published: November 2019

 

El cartógrafo flamenco Anton Van den Wyngaerde dibujó por encargo de Felipe II un inventario de vistas de las principales ciudades españolas. Wyngaerde recorrió la geografía peninsular en tres viajes comprendidos entre 1562 y 1570 que arrojaron como resultado 57 vistas de casi otras tantas localidades.

Desde que, en 1986, el libro Ciudades del siglo de Oro diera a conocer las vistas españolas de Antonio de las Viñas, multitud de investigadores han escudriñado en estas ventanas abiertas al pasado.

Buscando la representación ideal, Wyngaerde despliega en su Vista de Zamora el habitual repertorio de artificios: combinación de varios puntos de vista, acusada elevación de estos hasta alturas ficticias... Artificios que quedan de manifiesto en el presente estudio mediante el empleo de la restitución perspectiva, la reconstrucción virtual de la Zamora del siglo XVI y la fotografía aérea.
La visita virtual del patrimonio artístico arquitectónico como recurso educativo en las asignaturas de expresión gráfica
Authors: Palomar Rendo Juan Ramón , Lozano Martínez Francisco Ramón , Noguero Hernández María Dolores
Published: November 2019

Este artículo plantea las posibilidades que ofrece el uso de la visita virtual del patrimonio artístico arquitectónico como recurso educativo en las asignaturas de Expresión Gráfica.

Pone de manifiesto el protagonismo que han adquirido las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) en el ámbito educativo, y el cambio que ha significado, en la representación de la realidad, la aparición de nuevas herramientas de software, que permiten un grado de fidelidad y de realismo ciertamente impactante.

Al limitarse la propuesta docente que aquí se hace al patrimonio artístico arquitectónico, solo se analizan las potencialidades educativas de dos tipos de visitas virtuales: la visita virtual de las representaciones del patrimonio existente y la visita de las reconstrucciones virtuales del patrimonio desaparecido.
Cabalgando la nube. Información y representación arquitectónica en la era post-digital
Authors: Fernández Álvarez Ángel José
Published: November 2019

Se plantea en este trabajo un análisis de la evolución del impacto de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en la ideación, representación y construcción de la arquitectura. Desde los orígenes del denominado “giro digital” (“digital turn”) esta cuestión ha sido objeto de una profunda reflexión crítica y ha generado un polémico debate disciplinar hasta convertirse en un ámbito de investigación de plena vigencia y que se justifica por la necesidad de conseguir una aproximación más completa al fenómeno mediante el desarrollo de una teoría del diseño digital.

 La utilización de las herramientas digitales ha producido cambios sustanciales en la práctica arquitectónica en los ámbitos de la representación gráfica, la gestión de la información y los procesos de virtualización con una incidencia muy especial en todos los aspectos relacionados con el levantamiento grafico del patrimonio para su estudio, investigación, conservación y puesta en valor.

 Junto con las nuevas herramientas tecnológicas aparecen planteamientos innovadores como la “no linealidad”, la importancia del proceso frente a la forma, reflejada en el desarrollo de las herramientas BIM (Building Information Modelling), el papel de la interactividad y lo performativo o el concepto de autoría participativa inherente al diseño paramétrico, que ponen en cuestión el rol tradicional del diseñador, vigente desde la codificación “albertiana”, y sugieren una nueva agenda para la arquitectura llena de desafíos en la era de los nuevos medios y el diseño colaborativo.

El cambio de paradigma desde las tecnologías mecánicas a las digitales debe analizarse manteniendo una actitud crítica hacia las potencialidades de lo digital pero, al mismo tiempo, tratando de ver más allá de los problemas de la estética formal y enmarcándolo en la perspectiva de la historia de las tecnologías culturales.
Combination of technologies for architectural planning. Parish church of Portell
Authors: Sáez Riquelme Beatriz , Pitarch Roig Ángel M.
Published: November 2019

La sucesiva aplicación de las nuevas tecnologías a la expresión gráfica arquitectónica ha supuesto una revolución en cada uno de los pasos que dan como resultado el levantamiento de planos. En general se puede decir que en gran medida facilitan la consecución del trabajo a realizar. Sin embargo, su aplicación de manera generalizada e indiscriminada, puede ocasionar un trabajo excesivo e innecesario. Por tanto, el reto de la aplicación de nuevas tecnologías supone no sólo su conocimiento y adecuado manejo, sino además, la capacidad de descartar unos métodos frente a otros en función de las necesidades planteadas por el modelo a representar, la finalidad del trabajo a realizar, la disponibilidad de medios y de tiempo.

El presente artículo es una muestra de la conveniencia en la utilización de métodos tradicionales y nuevas tecnologías, basada su combinación en la optimización de tiempo y recursos. El estudio realizado se fundamenta en el levantamiento de planos, y análisis gráfico y metrológico, de la Iglesia Parroquial de Portell, la primera de las iglesias de planta salón valencianas construidas en el siglo XVIII.
Spatial planning, topography, mapping, cadastre
Authors: Mata Vázquez Francisco
Published: November 2019

La topografía y la cartografía, entendidas como disciplinas que estudian el conjunto de procedimientos que tienen por objeto la representación gráfica de la superficie terrestre, representan un dúo indisociable, junto con el catastro y la ordenación territorial, a los intereses de una acción concertada de la Administración y de diversos actores sociales en la búsqueda de organizar eficientemente el territorio, con el fin de adecuarlo a las exigencias de la sociedad, de sus municipios, de las comunidades y de su entorno vital.

El elemento fundamental de la topografía y la cartografía es el espacio, estudiado en la geometría y siempre tenido en cuenta en la expresión gráfica, en el catastro y en la planificación territorial. El conocimiento del espacio geográfico que ocupa un territorio se debe de hacer forzosamente del análisis de la cartografía, y a su vez, esta sirve de base para marcar estrategias de futuros desarrollos.

En este orden de ideas, se analiza el significado especial que tiene la topografía, la cartografía y el catastro en la ordenación territorial, al ser considerada esta parte integrante del documento oficial y formal que contiene un Plan Director General.
3D geometry. A proposal to integrate computer graphics in descriptive geometry
Authors: Pita Andreu Javier
Published: November 2019

El presente artículo se centra en el estudio de la integración de los programas de informática gráfica en la didáctica de la Geometría Descriptiva y los nuevos planteamientos que pueden aportar a esta disciplina.

Un problema común, en este sentido, surge de adaptar la exposición de estos programas a las características de los mismos, en lugar de centrarse en explicar los procedimientos geométricos intrínsecos a una geometría tridimensional.

Este artículo analiza algunas de las operaciones geométricas básicas en geometría tridimensional. Aunque muchas de ellas ya nos son conocidas por su planteamiento en los sistemas de representación convencionales (pertenencia, intersecciones, perpendicularidad...), veremos que su desarrollo en un entorno tridimensional plantea unas operativas específicas que merecen ser estudiadas para poder desarrollar posteriormente todas las capacidades de estos programas.
The authors of building drawing in the XIX century: the case of Alicante and the scanning of municipal graphic funds
Authors: Domingo Gresa Jorge
Published: November 2019

Durante el año 2012, el autor de este articulo tuvo a su cargo la digitalización de una parte importante de los documentos gráficos de arquitectura y urbanismo custodiados en el Archivo Municipal de Alicante: los planos presentados para solicitar licencia de edificación en el término municipal de Alicante, hasta 1860. Desde entonces, las 1.026 piezas que fueron objeto del trabajo, han quedado a disposición del estudioso o investigador en unas condiciones de accesibilidad y, sobre todo de utilización, que facilitan al máximo algunos estudios antes considerados casi inabordables. Tal circunstancia está basada principalmente en las posibilidades de comparación visual y gestión informática de esta nueva presentación documental (visualizaciones unitarias de grandes conjuntos para análisis estilísticos, cromáticos, caligráficos, superposición de planos etc.).

En el marco de “La expresión gráfica en la era digital”, el artículo se propone ilustrar la aportación de la numerización de los fondos gráficos del AMA, exponiendo un resumen de la investigación llevada a cabo por el autor, destinada a conocer la organización profesional de los intervinientes en el proceso de construcción de la ciudad, sobre todo en lo que se refiere a la elaboración material de los documentos gráficos, tratando de acotar con la mayor precisión, el intervalo temporal en el que los delineantes, tracistas o traceros, empiezan a operar de forma significativa en Alicante.
El proyecto fin de grado: emprendiduria's opportunity
Authors: Vinagre Ruiz David , Lloréns Corraliza Santiago
Published: November 2019

This article expresses the opportunity in turning final projects into the beginnings of an investigation and entrepreneurial project.

The objective of the following study is the design of temporary accommodations for emergencies, be it because of natural causes or war, built with innovative materials in the market.

A prototype that possesses these essential characteristics needed for these types of situations is designed. Constructed quickly to take in the most amounts of people in the least amount of time possible, inexpensive to allow the purchase of governments does not allow reuse and does not generate waste, in other words, the materials can be recycled once the problem has ended or adapt it to become regular housing.

Afterwards, the accommodations are developed in depth along with the furnishings so it may be occupied by couples, young people or others who change residence for work-related reasons frequently, people with low income or that would like to enjoy a house for an affordable price and lower than traditional housing.
The Pantry House of Espera. Historical, architectural and planimetric analysis
Authors: Rincón Millán Juan , Rincón Caro Juan Diego
Published: November 2019

The Pantry House Pantry or Mill of the Tithes is a baroque style building constructed at the end of the 18th century for the cash collection of the decimal rent, a tax repealed with the Madoz's Disentailment Law in 1855. The Pantry House of Espera is one of the most representative houses of the thirteen remaining in the province of Cadiz, and the only one that was also used as oil-mill (olive press). Organized around a central courtyard, is one of the few Andalucía houses that offers a full structure. The framework, which consist on a rectangular floor and double height, still preserves the old barns, the warehouse, the oil storages, the offices, and the former machinery in a relative good condition. The Andalucía Regional Government agreed to declare it an Asset of National Interest, The House Pantry of Espera, published in the BOJA (Official Newsletter of the Andalucía Regional Government) July 21, 2009.

Few studies nor bibliographical references have been found about this building of great importance and emblem of the urban development of this small Cádiz municipality, probably due to the limited and confusing historical documentation which was lacking of planes or graphical documents about its current condition, labor that also approaches this article.
ORALIDADE E AUDITIVIDADE. TENTATIVA DE UM MAPEAMENTO TEÓRICO
Authors: Borowski Gabriel
Published: November 2019

O presente esboço consiste numa tentativa de revisão do conceito de auditividade, insinuado por Antonio Candido, elaborado por Luiz Costa Lima, desenvolvido por João Cezar de Castro Rocha e retomado atualmente por Marília Librandi-Rocha. O meu objetivo é apontar para a pertinência da relação de distância ou proximidade entre os sujeitos envolvidos numa modalidade específica de comunicação, isto é, a comunicação literária. No final do trabalho evoco um estudo de Marisa Lajolo para introduzir uma distinção entre a persuasão oral de caráter integrador, que visa a uma sensação de comunidade entre o narrador e o destinatário, e a persuasão auditiva de caráter desagregador, que reforça a distância entre o emissor e o receptor.
CONDIÇÃO VANGUARDISTA, POLIPOESIA E FUNÇÃO-AUTOR
Authors: Garcia Fernandes Frederico Augusto
Published: November 2019

Depois dos anos 50 são vários os manifestos e expressões poéticas que apresentamalgum tipo de relação com as vanguardas históricas. Este artigo aponta algumas das principaiscaracterísticas de tais expressões por meio da formulação do conceito de "condição vanguardista". Num segundo momento, ele tem por objetivo a discussão da obra do poeta italiano Enzo Minarelli por meio de uma reflexão sobre seu “Manifesto da Polipoesia” e, também, do conceito foucaultiano de “função-autor” com base na análise de seu poema visual “La pagella di Enzo Minarelli a Enzo Minarelli”. Os resultados principais indicam: a) a permanência das características de vanguarda na polipoesia, por meio do experimentalismo contínuo e o emprego de recursos digitais; b) a atuação do poeta em vários sistemas culturais; c) a aproximação entre a poesia e a práxios; da constituição de redes específicas como mecanismo de produção, disseminação e legitimação do fazer poético.
PERFIL HÍBRIDO DE JOAQUIM NABUCO
Authors: Barbosa Correia Éverton
Published: November 2019

Intenta-se demonstrar ao longo do artigo certo perfil de Joaquim Nabuco como autor literário no Oitocentos brasileiro, a um só tempo nativista e cosmopolita, histórico e social, com a ilustração de suas insurgências pelos gêneros híbridos – carta, discurso político, memória e biografia. Se a temática de seus escritos aponta para problemas vividos na sua época, a forma de sua prosa, notadamente o seu fraseado, indica uma persona literária que se produz na escritura dos libelos que pretendiam interferir na ordem dos acontecimentos. Tal intenção revela uma característica da época que só estaria acessível a quem se dispusesse a perceber o valor de representação literária através da inscrição social do autor, que podia circular pelas mais variadas ambiências.
A NARRATIVA LITERÁRIA ENTRE BYSTANDING / STANDING BY¹
Authors: Nagayama Eda
Published: November 2019

Os fluxos migratórios contemporâneos em direção à Europa - a “crise migratória”, são vistos aqui sob a perspectiva dos estudos de trauma cultural. The Optician of Lampedusa, narrativa literária da jornalista inglesa Emma Jane Kirby, é tomada como uma problemática tentativa de elaboração e resposta através da transformação do presente em passado e memória, em uma posição de ambivalência entre bystanding/standing by.
JOAQUIM CARDOZO E O TESTEMUNHO DA DÉCADA DE 20
Authors: Cintra Elaine Cristina
Published: November 2019

Este estudo objetiva investigar o texto “Encontro com a década de 20”, de Joaquim Cardozo, publicado como prefácio-testemunho no livro de Souza Barros em 1972. A hipótese levantada é que esse documento, não somente apresenta as memórias autobiográficas de uma fase fundamental da obra do autor, como resgata fatos e personagens literários da época que merecem uma revisão mais consistente pela historiografia literária. Nesse sentido, destacam-se especialmente as questões inerentes ao Cenáculo de Lafayette, grupo literário-cultural que representou questões relevantes sobre as produções artísticas e culturais em Recife naquele momento. Para essa discussão, tomamos principalmente como perspectiva os dois vieses do testemunho abordado por Benveniste, o memorialístico e o judicativo, o que possibilitou inferir algumas posições de Cardozo quanto aos posicionamentos estéticos e culturais dessa geração.
A DESCONSTRUÇÃO DO PARAÍSO
Authors: Cardoso Gomes Álvaro
Published: November 2019

Este artigo interdisciplinar procura, num primeiro plano, tratar do conceito de utopia e, num segundo plano, mostrar como esse lugar ideal comparece em telas de Pieter Bruegel, o Velho, Watteau e em poemas de Camões e Baudelaire. Ao mesmo tempo, o artigo visa a discutir o fato de que, nesses autores, há como que a desmontagem do mito, com a criação de uma distopia, principalmente na tela de Bruegel e no poema de Baudelaire. O método de abordagem é o interdisciplinar com a tentativa de abordagem do tema na aproximação entre as linguagens verbal e a não-verbal.
A INVENÇÃO DA TRADIÇÃO BRASILEIRA. GONÇALVES DIAS
Authors: Alves Cunha Cilaine
Published: November 2019

Na poesia de Gonçalves Dias, o cultivo do sentimento de pertencimento à nação e a proposta de unificação dos habitantes em “povo” brasileiro desloca a escravidão para um segundo plano. “O canto do guerreiro” representa valores que o autor considera exemplares do “caráter” nacional. “A escrava” e “Marabá” traçam uma hierarquia das etnias locais.
MELANCOLIA E IRONIA
Authors: Tavares Bastos João
Published: November 2019

Melancolia e ironia frequentemente cooperam para impulsionar a revitalização literária. O congraçamento entre os dois conceitos faculta ainda a abertura de novas vias para o belo, a partir da assunção de um posicionamento marginal ou dissidente. Neste texto, busca-se descrever a presença dessa fértil cooperação no processo de emergência do poema em prosa e de criação de uma estratégia de produção calcada na negatividade. Observa-se, assim, que Aloysius Bertrand, Charles Baudelaire e Arthur Rimbaud recorreram a esse último gênero poético em busca da originalidade e do contraste, terminando por desencadear o que Stéphane Mallarmé chamaria posteriormente de crise de verso.
PERVERSÃO, UMA EXPERIÊNCIA DO MAL? O SADISMO EM LA MARCHANDE D’ENFANTS, DE GABRIELLE WITTKOP
Authors: Dias Anne Louise
Published: November 2019

Na trilha do Marquês de Sade, o romance La marchande d’enfants de Gabrielle Wittkop, publicado postumamente em 2003, apresenta-nos, nos mais cruéis detalhes, o cotidiano de uma traficante de crianças parisiense em plena Revolução Francesa. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo pretende compreender o modo pelo qual o mal é construído dentro da narrativa de Gabrielle Wittkop a partir da análise do comportamento sádico, dito perverso, de suas personagens. O romance de Wittkop nos revelaria um discurso violento, excessivo que, muito mais do que julgar as ações ali descritas, procura fugir e resistir a conceitualizações morais e religiosas acerca do mal permitindo-nos, assim, adentrar o mais profundo da crueldade humana.
ANA DE CASTRO OSÓRIO NO BRASIL
Authors: Da Cruz Eduardo
Published: November 2019

A escritora feminista e republicana Ana de Castro Osório (1872-1935) estabeleceu diversas relações com o Brasil, tanto pessoais quanto editoriais. Neste artigo, avaliamos, a partir de sua correspondência e de sua colaboração no Portugal Moderno, periódico da colônia portuguesa no Rio de Janeiro, algumas estratégias e movimentos realizados por ela para melhor difundir suas obras e suas ideias junto ao público brasileiro durante o período em que residiu em São Paulo, entre 1911 e 1914.
O DIREITO E O AVESSO DA BELLE ÉPOQUE
Authors: Simões Junior Alvaro Santos
Published: November 2019

NEGREIROS, Carmem; OLIVEIRA, Fátima; GENS, Rosa. Belle Époque: crítica, arte e cultura. Rio de Janeiro: LABELLE; Faperj; São Paulo: Intermeios, 2016.
UV radiation measurements in Marambio, Antarctica during years
2017–2019 in a wider temporal and spatial context
Authors: Aun Margit , Lakkala Kaisa , Sanchez Ricardo , Asmi Eija , Nollas Fernando , Meinander Outi , Sogacheva Larisa , De Bock Veerle , Arola Antti , de Leeuw Gerrit , Aaltonen Veijo , Bolsee David , Cizkova Klara , Mangold Alexander , Metelka Ladislav , Jakobson Erko , Svendby Tove , Gillotay Didier , Van Opstal Bert
Published: November 2019

Abstract. In March 2017, ultraviolet (UV) radiation measurements with a multichannel GUV-2511 radiometer were started in Marambio, Antarctica (64.23º S; 56.62º W), by the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) in collaboration with the Argentinian National Meteorological Service (SMN). These measurements were analysed and the results were compared to previous measurements at the same site with NILU-UV radiometer during 2000–2008 and to data from five stations across Antarctica. Measurements in Marambio showed lower UV radiation levels in 2017/2018 compared to those measured during 2000–2008. Also at several other stations in Antarctica the radiation levels were below average in that period. The maximum UV index (UVI) in Marambio was only 6.2, while, during the time period 2000–2008, the maximum was 12. In 2018/2019, the radiation levels were higher than in the previous year and the maximum UVI recorded in Marambio was 9.5. In Marambio, the largest variation of the UV radiation are during the spring and early summer when the stratospheric ozone concentration is at a minimum (the so-called ozone hole). Beside cloud cover, the strength of the polar vortex and the stratospheric ozone depletion are the primary factors that influence the surface UV radiation levels in Antarctica. As the recovery of the ozone layer is slow, the continuation of the measurements is crucial in order to be able to detect long-term changes in UV levels in Antarctica.
Climatic information archived in ice cores: impact of intermittency and diffusion on the recorded isotopic signal in Antarctica
Authors: Casado Mathieu , Münch Thomas , Laepple Thomas
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The isotopic signal (δ18O and δD) imprinted in ice cores from Antarctica is not solely generated by the temperature sensitivity of the isotopic composition of precipitation but also contains the signature of the intermittency of precipitation patterns as well as of post-deposition processes occurring at the surface and in the firn. This leads to a proxy signal recorded by the ice cores that may not be representative of the local climatic variations. Due to precipitation intermittency, the ice cores only record brief snapshots of the climatic conditions, resulting in aliasing of the climatic signal, and thus a large amount of noise which reduces the minimum temporal resolution at which a meaningful signal can be retrieved. The analyses are further complicated by isotopic diffusion which acts as a low pass filter that dampens any high frequency changes. Here, we use reanalysis data (ERA-Interim) combined with satellite products of accumulation to evaluate the spatial distribution of the transfer function that describes the formation of the isotopic signal across Antarctica. The minimum time scales at which the signal-to-noise ratio exceeds unity range from less than a year at the coast to a thousand years further inland. Based on solely physical processes, we were thus able to define a lower bound for the time scales at which climate variability can be reconstructed from ice core water isotopic compositions.
Description and evaluation of the tropospheric aerosol scheme in the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecasting System (IFS-AER, cycle 45R1)
Authors: Rémy Samuel , Kipling Zak , Flemming Johannes , Boucher Olivier , Nabat Pierre , Michou Martine , Bozzo Alessio , Ades Melanie , Huijnen Vincent , Benedetti Angela , Engelen Richard , Peuch Vincent-Henri , Morcrette Jean-Jacques
Published: November 2019

Abstract. This article describes the IFS-AER aerosol module used operationally in the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) cycle 45R1, operated by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) in the framework of the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Services (CAMS). We describe the different parameterizations for aerosol sources, sinks, and its chemical production in IFS-AER, as well as how the aerosols are integrated in the larger atmospheric composition forecasting system. The focus is on the entire 45R1 code base, including some components that are not used operationally, in which case this will be clearly specified. This paper is an update to the Morcrette et al. (2009) article that described aerosol forecasts at the ECMWF using cycle 32R2 of the IFS. Between cycles 32R2 and 45R1, a number of source and sink processes have been reviewed and/or added, notably increasing the complexity of IFS-AER. A greater integration with the tropospheric chemistry scheme of the IFS has been achieved for the sulfur cycle and for nitrate production. Two new species, nitrate and ammonium, have also been included in the forecasting system. Global budgets and aerosol optical depth (AOD) fields are shown, as is an evaluation of the simulated particulate matter (PM) and AOD against observations, showing an increase in skill from cycle 40R2, used in the CAMS interim ReAnalysis (CAMSiRA), to cycle 45R1.
An extended trajectory-mechanics approach for calculating the path of a pressure transient: travel-time tomography
Authors: Vasco Donald W. , Doetsch Joseph , Brauchler Ralf
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The application of a technique from quantum dynamics to the governing equation for hydraulic head
leads to a trajectory-based solution that is valid for a general porous medium.
The semi-analytic expressions for propagation path and velocity of a change in hydraulic head
form the basis of a travel-time tomographic imaging algorithm.
An application of the imaging algorithm to synthetic arrival times reveals that a cross-well inversion
based upon the extended trajectories correctly reproduces the magnitude of a reference model,
improving upon an existing asymptotic approach.
An inversion of hydraulic head arrival times from cross-well slug tests at the Widen field site in northern
Switzerland captures a general decrease in permeability with depth, which is in agreement with previous studies,
but also indicates the presence of a high-permeability feature in the upper portion of
the cross-well plane.
Extreme sea levels in the Baltic Sea under climate change scenarios – Part 1: Model validation and sensitivity
Authors: Dieterich Christian , Gröger Matthias , Arneborg Lars , Andersson Helén C.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. We analyze extreme sea levels (ESLs) and related uncertainty in an ensemble of regional climate change scenarios for the Baltic Sea.
The ERA-40 reanalysis and five Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) global general circulation models (GCMs) have been dynamically downscaled with the coupled atmosphere–ice–ocean model RCA4-NEMO (Rossby Centre regional atmospheric model version 4 – Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean).
The 100-year return levels along the Swedish coast in the ERA-40 hindcast are within the 95 % confidence limits of the observational estimates, except those on the west coast. The ensemble mean of the 100-year return levels averaged over the five GCMs shows biases of less than 10 cm.
A series of sensitivity studies explores how the choice of different parameterizations, open boundary conditions and atmospheric forcing affects the estimates of 100-year return levels. A small ensemble of different regional climate models (RCMs) forced with ERA-40 shows the highest uncertainty in ESLs in the southwestern Baltic Sea and in the northeastern part of the Bothnian Bay. Some regions like the Skagerrak, Gulf of Finland and Gulf of Riga are sensitive to the choice of the RCM. A second ensemble of one RCM forced with different GCMs uncovers a lower sensitivity of ESLs against the variance introduced by different GCMs. The uncertainty in the estimates of 100-year return levels introduced by GCMs ranges from 20 to 40 cm at different stations and includes the estimates based on observations. It is of similar size to the 95 % confidence limits of 100-year return levels from tide gauge records.
Oblique geographic coordinates as covariates for digital soil mapping
Authors: Møller Anders Bjørn , Beucher Amélie Marie , Pouladi Nastaran , Greve Mogens Humlekrog
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Decision tree algorithms such as Random Forest have become a widely adapted method for mapping soil properties in geographic space. However, implementing explicit geographic relationships into these methods has proven problematic. Using x- and y-coordinates as covariates gives orthogonal artefacts in the maps, and alternative methods using distances as covariates can be inflexible and difficult to interpret. We propose instead the use of coordinates along several axes tilted at oblique angles to provide an easily interpretable method for obtaining a realistic prediction surface. We test the method for mapping topsoil organic matter contents in an agricultural field in Denmark. The results show that the method provides accuracies on par with the most reliable alternative methods, namely kriging and the use of buffer distances to the training points. Furthermore, the proposed method is highly flexible, scalable and easily interpretable. This makes it a promising tool for mapping soil properties with complex spatial variation. We believe that the method will be highly useful for mapping soil properties in larger areas, and testing it for this purpose is a logical next step.
Riparian or phreatophile woodland and shrubland vegetation in the Central Chilean biogeographic region: phytosociological study
Authors: Amigo Vázquez Javier , Flores-Toro Lorena , Caballero-Serrano Verónica
Published: November 2019

The Mediterranean territory in Chile is an extensive area whose natural vegetation has suffered the impact of man-made activities far more severely than anywhere else in the country. Its northernmost section (the Atacama and Coquimbo regions) is characterised by ombroclimates that range from ultra-hyperarid to arid, and by highly irregular river courses with limited spaces for phreatophilic vegetation that have been exploited by humans as fertile farmlands. However, in the river valleys of the Central Chilean biogeographic province, where the ombroclimate is at least semiarid, there may be permanent watercourses that drain from the Andean mountain range towards the Pacific Ocean that contain representations of riparian or phreatophilic vegetation linked to riverbanks or alluvial terraces, in spite of the inevitable human influence. We studied the most conspicuous plant communities with the most highly developed biomass in these riparian environments, namely willow stands dominated by Salix humboldtiana and accompanied by some autochthonous woody species, in order to clarify their floristic composition and their correct ordination within the syntaxonomy of Chilean vegetation. The data collected suggest the existence of a phytosociological association: Otholobio glandulosi-Salicetum humboldtianae ass. nova, as the majority association in the Central Chilean province.  Another possible association which replaces this (Baccharido salicifoliae-Myrceugenietum lanceolatae prov.) is also proposed in the transition to a humid ombroclimate and Temperate macrobioclimate.

The floristic contents of these Chilean communities are compared with other associations dominated by Salix humboldtiana described for other territories bordering Chile: Argentina, Bolivia and Peru. However, given that they are all located in a Tropical macrobioclimate and their companion flora is therefore clearly different from the flora present in the Chilean communities, we propose the creation of a new phytosociological class to include these syntaxonomically: Mayteno boariae-Salicetea humboldtianae class. nova. This work also ascribes the association Tessario absinthioidis-Baccharidetum marginalis (representing a prior dynamic stage to Otholobio glandulosi-Salicetum humboldtianae) to the class Tessario integrifoliae-Baccharidetea salicifoliae.
Checklist of the vascular alien flora of Catalonia (northeastern Iberian Peninsula, Spain)
Authors: Aymerich Pere , Sáez Llorenç
Published: November 2019

This is an inventory of the vascular alien flora of Catalonia (northeastern Iberian Peninsula, Spain) updated to 2018, representing 1068 alien taxa in total. 554 (52.0%) out of them are casual and 514 (48.0%) are established. 87 taxa (8.1% of the total number and 16.8 % of those established) show an invasive behaviour. The geographic zone with more alien plants is the most anthropogenic maritime area. However, the differences among regions decrease when the degree of naturalization of taxa increases and the number of invaders is very similar in all sectors. Only 26.2% of the taxa are more or less abundant, while the rest are rare or they have vanished. The alien flora is represented by 115 families, 87 out of them include naturalised species. The most diverse genera are Opuntia (20 taxa), Amaranthus (18 taxa) and Solanum (15 taxa). Most of the alien plants have been introduced since the beginning of the twentieth century (70.7%), with a strong increase since 1970 (50.3% of the total number). Almost two thirds of alien taxa have their origin in Euro-Mediterranean area and America, while 24.6% come from other geographical areas. The taxa originated in cultivation represent 9.5%, whereas spontaneous hybrids only 1.2%. From the temporal point of view, the rate of Euro-Mediterranean taxa shows a progressive reduction parallel to an increase of those of other origins, which have reached 73.2% of introductions during the last 50 years. The most important way of introduction is gardening (58.0%), followed by agriculture and commerce, while forestry is marginal. Invasive taxa mainly come from gardening and trade, but the proportion of the latter that become invasive is higher (6.1% and 15.6%, respectively). Most of the established aliens are annual and perennial forbs, while other biological types are less represented. These two types are also dominant among the invasive alien species, although a notable increase of trees and climbers has been observed recently.
A Contrast of New Network Language Between Arabic and Chinese
Authors: Ibrahim Hassanein Azza Abdelwahab , Zhai Xun
Published: November 2019

Technology is a double-edged sword; the development and application of communication technologies have not only made great contributions to human beings and promoted the development of language, but also brought a rapid spread of language violence that caused great impact on people's lives. With the innovation of Internet technology, this form of language has developed rapidly in the dissemination of Internet media. At present, network language does not meet the requirements of language grammar, so there is a lack of teaching significance. Arabic and Chinese are subordinate to different language families with different network words. A prospective analysis has been performed between Arabic and Chinese network words which is mainly based on the influence of chivalrous network language on society and language. The research was based on 110 questionnaires distributed on social networking sites, and 40 interviews conducted with network users from china and some Arab countries. The ﬁndings suggested participants to use network language because, it is the language of their peers, it is cool and stylish, they have difﬁculties with the Arabic and Chinese language, and network constitutes a secret code, allowing escape from judgements of the older generation. The study concludes that network language is a strong marker of youth identity and group solidarity. Through a comparative analysis of Arabic and Chinese Internet words, Arabic or Chinese learners can clearly understand the similarities and differences between the two network words, and reduce the barriers to Internet communication, and appropriately use Chinese and Arabic Internet words.
Representing gender and defaults: Evidence from Lithuanian
Authors: Adamson Luke , Šereikaitė Milena
Published: November 2019

This study examines gender representation and defaults in Lithuanian by investigating the inflection on predicative adjectives (PAs). We provide novel evidence for two types of defaults in the representation of gender, masculine being the unmarked gender, and neuter being the absence of gender. It is demonstrated that neuter PAs appear when the subject lacks gender features accessible for agreement with the PA, which we refer to as non-agreement. In contrast, masculine PAs appear when the PA agrees with a subject bearing an unmarked gender feature. We analyze masculine and feminine as sharing a feature [GEND] that originates on n, the locus of gender features (following Lecarme 2002; Lowenstamm 2008; Kramer 2015; 2016), with the default gender – the masculine – bearing only this feature, and the more marked gender – the feminine – having an additional feature [FEM]. Neuter corresponds to the absence of these features. By placing gender features on the nominalizing head n, our account explicitly relates the distribution of gender inflection to nominal syntax and agreement.
Applying Theory of Constraints to Timber Harvesting
Authors: Kelly Matthew C. , Germain René H.
Published: November 2019

Logging firms are a critical link in wood supply chains, connecting forest landowners with markets for wood products. Improving operational planning can benefit individual logging firms as well as the larger wood supply chain in which they operate. Applying concepts from Theory of Constraints (TOC) to timber harvesting may help achieve greater predictability and efficiency when planning harvest operations. However, examples that demonstrate how TOC can improve logging operations are lacking. This study focuses on the analysis of production and activity data collected during the harvest of a temperate mixed hardwood forest in the Northeast United States using a chainsaw-forwarder system through a TOC lens. Specifically, the drum-buffer-rope (DBR) method was used to reschedule operator and machine activities such that a consistent flow of wood from stump to landing was maintained despite anticipated production setbacks. The results of this case study provide insights into the usefulness of applying TOC to logging operations. In particular, logging businesses must be able to estimate machine and operator productivity within a given harvest context to identify and exploit system constraints, while taking full advantage of unused capacity of any non-constraint functions.
Recycled Asphalt as an Alternative to Natural Aggregates for Forest Road Reinforcement
Authors: Hrůza Petr , Blahuta Jaroslav , Pelikán Petr , Olišarová Lucie , Nedorost Jiří , Mikita Tomáš , Patočka Zdeněk
Published: November 2019

The objective of the present paper is to confirm or reject the possible use of recycled asphalt to reinforce forest haul roads regarding the technical requirements set by the standards and directives relevant to the construction of forest road surfaces. The hypothesis is based on the presumption that recycled materials, if correctly used, can reach the same construction properties as standard materials, hence their application does not have a negative effect on reinforcement quality. On a selected stretch of forest road, three test sections were constructed with the use of recycled asphalt, however, each of them with a different technological solution. The first section was reinforced with unbound mixture – Type1 without added water, the second section was constructed using a version of vibrated macadam technology, and recycled asphalt was applied to the third section by the method of basic compacting. In each of the sections, tacheometric cross profile measurement was carried out at monthly intervals to monitor the changes in the cross profile shape, and the number of passages of fully loaded logging trucks was registered; static load tests were performed at pre-defined time intervals to determine the deformation moduli such as deformation characteristics of the road surface structural layers. In all three reinforcement versions, the values of deformation moduli observed during the static load tests were between 68–90 % of the values set by relevant standards for these technologies using natural aggregates. However, the tacheometric measurements did not reveal statistically significant changes in the shape of the reinforcement cross-section. Based on the obtained results, applying recycled asphalt to reinforce forest roads seems to be a suitable alternative to natural quarry aggregate used in unbound structural layers. Recycled material needs to meet the regulatory limits for foreign elements and pass ecotoxicity tests, which is evidenced by a certificate on material compliance issued by the test laboratory.
Toekomstige risico’s voor de nationale veiligheid
Authors: Meijnders Minke , Gooijer Leendert , Duijnhoven Hanneke
Published: November 2019

Future risks for national security

What are the most important threats for national security in the following years? What do we foresee for the longer term? How are threats interrelated? In this article, we discuss the work of the Dutch Network of Safety and Security Analysts (ANV), which deals with this type of questions since 2011. The main task of this multidisciplinary network is to provide input for the National Security Strategy. It does so by providing an Integrated Risk analysis and a Horizon scan National Security. The authors discuss the foresight-methods used by the network (scenario studies and horizon scanning techniques), as well as the most important conclusions from both studies.
Voorspellen met big-datamodellen
Authors: van den Braak Susan , Choenni Sunil
Published: November 2019

Making predictions with big data models. On the pitfalls for policy makers

In the field of policymaking, there is a growing need to take advantage of the opportunities that big data predictions offer. A strong point of big data is that the large amounts of data that are collected nowadays can be re-used to find new insights. However, for effective use in policymaking it is also important to take into account the relating limitations and challenges. For example, the quality of the data used can be a problem. Outdated data and data of which the semantics have changed, may result in predictions that are no longer correct. In addition, it is difficult to apply predictions to individual cases or people. In this article authors provide various practical recommendations for dealing with these problems. As long as people are aware of the limitations and handle the results with care, big data models can be a useful addition to traditional methods in the field of policymaking.