bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Population assessment of tropical tuna based on their associative behavior around floating objects
Authors: Capello M. , Deneubourg J. L. , Robert M. , Holland K. N. , Schaefer K. M. , Dagorn L.
Published: November 2016

Estimating the abundance of pelagic fish species is a challenging task, due to their vast and remote habitat. Despite the development of satellite, archival and acoustic tagging techniques that allow the tracking of marine animals in their natural environments, these technologies have so far been underutilized in developing abundance estimations. We developed a new method for estimating the abundance of tropical tuna that employs these technologies and exploits the aggregative behavior of tuna around floating objects (FADs). We provided estimates of abundance indices based on a simulated set of tagged fish and studied the sensitivity of our method to different association dynamics, FAD numbers, population sizes and heterogeneities of the FAD-array. Taking the case study of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) acoustically-tagged in Hawaii, we implemented our approach on field data and derived for the first time the ratio between the associated and the total population. With more extensive and long-term monitoring of FAD-associated tunas and good estimates of the numbers of fish at FADs, our method could provide fisheries-independent estimates of populations of tropical tuna. The same approach can be applied to obtain population assessments for any marine and terrestrial species that display associative behavior and from which behavioral data have been acquired using acoustic, archival or satellite tags.
Remote in vivo stress assessment of aquatic animals with microencapsulated biomarkers for environmental monitoring
Authors: Gurkov Anton , Shchapova Ekaterina , Bedulina Daria , Baduev Boris , Borvinskaya Ekaterina , Meglinski Igor , Timofeyev Maxim
Published: November 2016

Remote in vivo scanning of physiological parameters is a major trend in the development of new tools for the fields of medicine and animal physiology. For this purpose, a variety of implantable optical micro- and nanosensors have been designed for potential medical applications. At the same time, the important area of environmental sciences has been neglected in the development of techniques for remote physiological measurements. In the field of environmental monitoring and related research, there is a constant demand for new effective and quick techniques for the stress assessment of aquatic animals, and the development of proper methods for remote physiological measurements in vivo may significantly increase the precision and throughput of analyses in this field. In the present study, we apply pH-sensitive microencapsulated biomarkers to remotely monitor the pH of haemolymph in vivo in endemic amphipods from Lake Baikal, and we compare the suitability of this technique for stress assessment with that of common biochemical methods. For the first time, we demonstrate the possibility of remotely detecting a change in a physiological parameter in an aquatic organism under ecologically relevant stressful conditions and show the applicability of techniques using microencapsulated biomarkers for remote physiological measurements in environmental monitoring.
The role of pericytic laminin in blood brain barrier integrity maintenance
Authors: Gautam Jyoti , Zhang Xuanming , Yao Yao
Published: November 2016

Laminin, a major component of the basement membrane, plays an important role in blood brain barrier regulation. At the neurovascular unit, brain endothelial cells, astrocytes, and pericytes synthesize and deposit different laminin isoforms into the basement membrane. It has been shown that laminin α4 (endothelial laminin) regulates vascular integrity at embryonic/neonatal stage, while astrocytic laminin maintains vascular integrity in adulthood. Here, we investigate the function of pericyte-derived laminin in vascular integrity. Using a conditional knockout mouse line, we report that loss of pericytic laminin leads to hydrocephalus and BBB breakdown in a small percentage (10.7%) of the mutants. Interestingly, BBB disruption always goes hand-in-hand with hydrocephalus in these mutants, and neither symptom is observed in the rest 89.3% of the mutants. Further mechanistic studies show that reduced tight junction proteins, diminished AQP4 expression, and decreased pericyte coverage are responsible for the BBB disruption. Together, these data suggest that pericyte-derived laminin is involved in the maintenance of BBB integrity and regulation of ventricular size/development.
Metabolic effects of basic fibroblast growth factor in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: A 1H NMR-based metabolomics investigation
Authors: Lin Xiaodong , Zhao Liangcai , Tang Shengli , Zhou Qi , Lin Qiuting , Li Xiaokun , Zheng Hong , Gao Hongchang
Published: November 2016

The fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) family shows a great potential in the treatment of diabetes, but little attention is paid to basic FGF (bFGF). In this study, to explore the metabolic effects of bFGF on diabetes, metabolic changes in serum and feces were analyzed in the normal rats, the streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and the bFGF-treated diabetic rats using a 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomic approach. Interestingly, bFGF treatment significantly decreased glucose, lipid and low density lipoprotein/very low density lipoprotein (LDL/VLDL) levels in serum of diabetic rats. Moreover, bFGF treatment corrected diabetes-induced reductions in citrate, lactate, choline, glycine, creatine, histidine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and glutamine in serum. Fecal propionate was significantly increased after bFGF treatment. Correlation analysis shows that glucose, lipid and LDL/VLDL were significantly negatively correlated with energy metabolites (citrate, creatine and lactate) and amino acids (alanine, glycine, histidine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and glutamine). In addition, a weak but significant correlation was observed between fecal propionate and serum lipid (R = −0.35, P = 0.046). Based on metabolic correlation and pathway analysis, therefore, we suggest that the glucose and lipid lowering effects of bFGF in the STZ-induced diabetic rats may be achieved by activating microbial metabolism, increasing energy metabolism and correcting amino acid metabolism.
Rechargeable calcium phosphate orthodontic cement with sustained ion release and re-release
Authors: Zhang Ling , Weir Michael D. , Chow Laurence C. , Reynolds Mark A. , Xu Hockin H. K.
Published: November 2016

White spot lesions (WSL) due to enamel demineralization are major complications for orthodontic treatments. Calcium phosphate (CaP) dental resins with Ca and P ion releases are promising for remineralization. However, previous Ca and P releases lasted for only weeks. Experimental orthodontic cements were developed using pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate (PMGDM) and ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (EBPADMA) at mass ratio of 1:1 (PE); and PE plus 10% of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and 5% of bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate (BisGMA) (PEHB). Particles of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) were incorporated into PE and PEHB at 40% filler level. Specimens were tested for bracket-enamel shear bond strength, water sorption, CaP release, and ion recharge and re-release. PEHB+40ACP had higher bracket-enamel bond strength and ion release and rechargeability than PE+40ACP. ACP incorporation into the novel orthodontic cement did not adversely affect the bracket-enamel bond strength. Ion release and re-release from the novel ACP orthodontic cement indicated favorable release and re-release patterns. The recharged orthodontic cement could release CaP ions continuously for four weeks without further recharge. Novel rechargeable orthodontic cement containing ACP was developed with a high bracket-enamel bond strength and the ability to be repeatedly recharged to maintain long-term high levels of CaP ion releases.
Digital barcodes of suspension array using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: He Qinghua , Liu Yixi , He Yonghong , Zhu Liang , Zhang Yilong , Shen Zhiyuan
Published: November 2016

We show a coding method of suspension array based on the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), which promotes the barcodes from analog to digital. As the foundation of digital optical barcodes, nanocrystals encoded microspheres are prepared with self-assembly encapsulation method. We confirm that digital multiplexing of LIBS-based coding method becomes feasible since the microsphere can be coded with direct read-out data of wavelengths, and the method can avoid fluorescence signal crosstalk between barcodes and analyte tags, which lead to overall advantages in accuracy and stability to current fluorescent multicolor coding method. This demonstration increases the capability of multiplexed detection and accurate filtrating, expanding more extensive applications of suspension array in life science.
Hyperspectral imaging analysis of a photonic crystal bead array for multiplex bioassays
Authors: Zhao Xiangwei , Ma Tengfei , Zeng Zhaoyu , Zheng Shiya , Gu Zhongze
Published: November 2016

In this paper, we report a hyperspectral imaging system and algorithms for the high throughput decoding of a PCB array and subsequent detection.
Virtual staining of colon cancer tissue by label-free Raman micro-spectroscopy
Authors: Petersen D. , Mavarani L. , Niedieker D. , Freier E. , Tannapfel A. , Kötting C. , Gerwert K. , El-Mashtoly S. F.
Published: November 2016

The great capability of virtual staining for label-free classification of colon cancer tissue has been demonstrated via Raman spectral imaging.
Salt metathesis for developing injectable supramolecular metallohydrogelators as a multi-drug-self-delivery system
Authors: Roy Rajdip , Bhagyalalitha Meduri , Choudhury Pritam , Dastidar Parthasarathi
Published: November 2016

Salt metathesis has been exploited to generate a series of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) based Zn(ii) metallohydrogels displaying both anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties.
Electrochemistry of Fe3+/2+ at highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) electrodes: kinetics, identification of major electroactive sites and time effects on the response
Authors: Zhang Guohui , Tan Sze-yin , Patel Anisha N. , Unwin Patrick R.
Published: November 2016

Electron transfer kinetics of Fe3+/2+ on HOPG is as fast as on metals, with the electroactivity dominated by basal plane.
Fine tuning through valence bond tautomerization of ancillary ligands in ruthenium(ii) arene complexes for better anticancer activity and enzyme inhibition properties
Authors: Mandal Poulami , Malviya Novina , Guedes da Silva M. Fátima C. , Dhankhar Sandeep Singh , Nagaraja C. M. , Mobin Shaikh M. , Mukhopadhyay Suman
Published: November 2016

Novel valence tautomerized ancillary ligand induce antiproliferative activity in ruthenium complex.
A simultaneous disulfide bond cleavage, N,S-bialkylation/N-protonation and self-assembly reaction: syntheses, structures and properties of two hybrid iodoargentates with thiazolyl-based heterocycles
Authors: Liu Guang-Ning , Li Ke , Fan Qing-Shun , Sun Hui , Li Xin-Yu , Han Xiao-Nan , Li Yu , Zhang Zhen-Wei , Li Cuncheng
Published: November 2016

Unprecedented multiple in situ reactions were found during preparation of hybrid iodoargentates.
Dual-patterned immunofiltration (DIF) device for the rapid efficient negative selection of heterogeneous circulating tumor cells
Authors: Bu Jiyoon , Kang Yoon-Tae , Kim Young Jun , Cho Young-Ho , Chang Hee Jin , Kim Hojoong , Moon Byung-In , Kim Ho Gak
Published: November 2016

We present an anti-CD45 antibody-based dual-patterned immunofiltration device for the enrichment of heterogeneous CTC subtypes by effective elimination of leukocytes.
Random positioning of nucleosomes enhances heritable bistability
Authors: Tan Heli , Liu Tuoqi , Zhang Jiajun , Zhou Tianshou
Published: November 2016

Chromosomal regions are often dynamically modified by histones, leading to the uncertainty of nucleosome positions.
Well-defined nanostructured surface-imprinted polymers for the highly selective enrichment of low-abundance protein in mammalian cell extract
Authors: Tang Yating , Yao Yanhuan , yang Xingxing , Zhu Ting , Huang Yapeng , Chen Haiyang , Wang Ying , Mi Huaifeng
Published: November 2016

A new approach for the adsorption and enrichment of natural low-abundance protein by using nanostructured surface-imprinted polymers is presented.
Photoredox radical conjugate addition of dithiane-2-carboxylate promoted by an iridium(iii) phenyl-tetrazole complex: a formal radical methylation of Michael acceptors
Authors: Gualandi Andrea , Matteucci Elia , Monti Filippo , Baschieri Andrea , Armaroli Nicola , Sambri Letizia , Cozzi Pier Giorgio
Published: November 2016

An iridium(iii) phenyl-tetrazole complex is a versatile catalyst for a new photocatalytic Michael reaction.
Total synthesis of a key series of vinblastines modified at C4 that define the importance and surprising trends in activity
Authors: Yang Shouliang , Sankar Kuppusamy , Skepper Colin K. , Barker Timothy J. , Lukesh III John C. , Brody Daniel M. , Brütsch Manuela M. , Boger Dale L.
Published: November 2016

An expanded scope of a powerful oxadiazole cycloaddition cascade was used for the total synthesis of 17 synthetic vinblastines systematically modified at C4. Their evaluation defined a surprisingly significant impact and provided an unrecognized role of the C4 substituent on activity.
Micelle-forming HPMA copolymer conjugates of ritonavir bound via a pH-sensitive spacer with improved cellular uptake designed for enhanced tumor accumulation
Authors: Koziolová E. , Machová D. , Pola R. , Janoušková O. , Chytil P. , Laga R. , Filippov S. K. , Šubr V. , Etrych T. , Pechar M.
Published: November 2016

We describe design, synthesis, physico-chemical characterization and preliminary biological evaluation of micelle-forming polymer drug conjugates with controlled drug release intended for tumor treatment.
Stability, electronic structures and thermoelectric properties of binary Zn–Sb materials
Authors: He Xin , Fu Yuhao , Singh David J. , Zhang Lijun
Published: November 2016

The composition–structure–property relationship of a complex high-performance thermoelectric system, Zn–Sb compounds, is systemically investigated by first-principles calculations.
Management of Familial Ovarian Teratoma: The Need for Guidance
Authors: Braungart Sarah , McCullagh Majella
Published: November 2016

Ovarian teratomas in prepubertal females are uncommon, but familial ones are exceedingly rare. We report an ovarian teratoma in an 8-year-old girl, her mother, and her maternal grandmother. The risk of a metachronous tumor and subsequent complications (such as torsion) in the contralateral ovary remain unclear. There is no clear guidance on follow-up management of patient and family members in the literature. We have reviewed the literature and discuss the challenges for the pediatric surgeon arising from such cases.
Mechanisms of Aberrant PKA Activation by Cα Subunit
Mutations
Authors: Calebiro D. , Bathon K. , Weigand I.
Published: November 2016

Somatic mutations in PRKACA, coding for the catalytic α subunit of protein
kinase A (PKA), have been recently identified as the most frequent genetic
alteration in cortisol-secreting adrenocortical adenomas, which are responsible
for adrenal Cushing’s syndrome. The mutations identified so far lie at the
interface between the catalytic (C) and regulatory (R) subunit of PKA. Detailed
functional studies of the most frequent of these mutations (L206R) as well as of
another one in the same region of the C subunit (199_200insW) have revealed that
these mutations cause constitutive activation of PKA and lack of regulation by
cAMP. This is due to interference with the binding of the R subunit, which keeps
the C subunit inactive in the absence of cyclic AMP. Here, we review these
recent findings, with a particular focus on the mechanisms of action of
PRKACA mutations.
Distale Unterarmfrakturen im Kindes- und Jugendalter: Häufigkeit und Versorgungsgeschehen in Deutschland
Authors: Höfer J. , Hoffmann F. , Glaeske G. , Sauer K.
Published: November 2016

Hintergrund Trotz ihrer Häufigkeit existieren für die Behandlung distaler Unterarmfrakturen im Wachstumsalter keine einheitlichen Empfehlungen. Obwohl die konservative Therapie angesichts des hohen Potenzials wachstumsassoziierter Spontankorrekturen im Vordergrund steht, wird befürchtet, dass die Möglichkeiten der konservativen Behandlung unterschätzt werden. Daten zur Versorgung in Deutschland liegen nur wenige vor.

Methodik Für die vorliegende Untersuchung wurden Routinedaten der Gmünder ErsatzKasse (GEK) ausgewertet. Die Diagnose- und Behandlungsdaten für Versicherte im Alter von 0 bis 15 Jahren wurden für den Zeitraum 01.07.2005 bis 30.06.2009 hinsichtlich der Häufigkeit distaler Unterarmfrakturen sowie der Frakturversorgung analysiert.

Ergebnisse Die Gesamtinzidenz betrug 56,8 pro 10 000 Personenjahre (64,5 bei Jungen; 48,7 bei Mädchen). Die meisten distalen Unterarmfrakturen ereigneten sich in den Frühlings- und Sommermonaten. Der Großteil der Frakturen wurde mit einem immobilisierenden Verband versorgt (84,2%; n=2 609). Bei 8,7% (n=270) erfolgte eine geschlossene Reposition mit Osteosynthese, bei 4,5% (n=138) eine geschlossene Reposition ohne Osteosynthese. Nur 1,4% (n=43) der Frakturen wurden offen reponiert.

Schlussfolgerung Unsere Studie zeigt, dass Jungen häufiger eine distale Unterarmfraktur erleiden als Mädchen und die Inzidenz bei älteren tendenziell höher ist als bei jüngeren Kindern. Es zeigten sich zudem jahreszeitliche Unterschiede in den verschiedenen Altersgruppen. Die Behandlung distaler Unterarmfrakturen im Wachstumsalter erfolgte weitaus häufiger konservativ als operativ. Auffällig ist jedoch, dass Frakturen im Falle einer geschlossenen Reposition wesentlich häufiger mit einer Osteosynthese fixiert als lediglich mit einem Gipsverband ruhiggestellt wurden.
Ultrafast photoelectron migration in dye-sensitized solar cells: Influence of the binding mode and many-body interactions
Authors: Hermann G. , Tremblay J. C.
Published: November 2016

In the present contribution, the ultrafast photoinduced electron migration dynamics at the interface between an alizarin dye and an anatase TiO2 thin film is investigated from first principles. Comparison between a time-dependent many-electron configuration interaction ansatz and a single active electron approach sheds light on the importance of many-body effects, stemming from uniquely defined initial conditions prior to photoexcitation. Particular emphasis is put on understanding the influence of the binding mode on the migration process. The dynamics is analyzed on the basis of a recently introduced toolset in the form of electron yields, electronic fluxes, and flux densities, to reveal microscopic details of the electron migration mechanism. From the many-body perspective, insight into the nature of electron-electron and hole-hole interactions during the charge transfer process is obtained. The present results reveal that the single active electron approach yields quantitatively and phenomenologically similar results as the many-electron ansatz. Furthermore, the charge migration processes in the dye-TiO2 model clusters with different binding modes exhibit similar mechanistic pathways but on largely different time scales.
Absolute cross sections for electronic excitation of condensed tetrahydrofuran (THF) by 11-16 eV electrons
Authors: Lemelin V. , Bass A. D. , Cloutier P. , Sanche L.
Published: November 2016

Absolute cross section (CS) data on the interaction of low energy electrons with DNA and its molecular constituents are required as input parameters in Monte-Carlo type simulations, for several radiobiological applications. Previously [V. Lemelin et al., J. Chem. Phys. 144, 074701 (2016)], we measured absolute vibrational CSs for low-energy electron scattering from condensed tetrahydrofuran, a convenient surrogate for the deoxyribose. Here we report absolute electronic CSs for energy losses of between 6 and 11.5 eV, by electrons with energies between 11 and 16 eV. The variation of these CSs with incident electron energy shows no evidence of transient anion states, consistent with theoretical and other experimental results, indicating that initial electron capture leading to DNA strand breaks occurs primarily on DNA bases or the phosphate group.
Enhancing elastic stress relaxation in SiGe/Si heterostructures by Si pillar necking
Authors: Isa F. , Salvalaglio M. , Arroyo Rojas Dasilva Y. , Jung A. , Isella G. , Erni R. , Timotijevic B. , Niedermann P. , Gröning P. , Montalenti F. , von Känel H.
Published: November 2016

We demonstrate that the elastic stress relaxation mechanism in micrometre-sized, highly mismatched heterostructures may be enhanced by employing patterned substrates in the form of necked pillars, resulting in a significant reduction of the dislocation density. Compositionally graded Si1−xGex crystals were grown by low energy plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition, resulting in tens of micrometres tall, three-dimensional heterostructures. The patterned Si(001) substrates consist of micrometre-sized Si pillars either with the vertical {110} or isotropically under-etched sidewalls resulting in narrow necks. The structural properties of these heterostructures were investigated by defect etching and transmission electron microscopy. We show that the dislocation density, and hence the competition between elastic and plastic stress relaxation, is highly influenced by the shape of the substrate necks and their proximity to the mismatched epitaxial material. The SiGe dislocation density increases monotonically with the crystal width but is significantly reduced by the substrate under-etching. The drop in dislocation density is interpreted as a direct effect of the enhanced compliance of the under-etched Si pillars, as confirmed by the three-dimensional finite element method simulations of the elastic energy distribution.
Photoacoustic ultrasound sources from diffusion-limited aggregates
Authors: Patel Krutik , Brubaker Morgan , Kotlerman Alexander , Salazar Robert , Wolf Eli , Weld David M.
Published: November 2016

Metallic diffusion-limited aggregate (DLA) films are well-known to exhibit near-perfect broadband optical absorption. We demonstrate that such films also manifest a substantial and relatively material-independent photoacoustic response, as a consequence of their random nanostructure. We theoretically and experimentally analyze the photoacoustic phenomena in DLA films and show that they can be used to create broadband air-coupled acoustic sources. These sources are inexpensive and simple to fabricate and work into the ultrasonic regime. We illustrate the device possibilities by building and testing an optically addressed acoustic phased array capable of producing virtually arbitrary acoustic intensity patterns in air.
Enhancing the optical properties of silver nanowire transparent conducting electrodes by the modification of nanowire cross-section using ultra-violet illumination
Authors: Hwang J. , Lee H. , Woo Y.
Published: November 2016

Improvement in the haze and transmittance of the silver nanowire (Ag NW) based transparent conducting electrodes is achieved by illuminating UV light after the Ag NW network formation. The evidences from the experimental analyses and numerical calculations indicate that the enhancement of the optical properties is derived from the modification of the Ag NW cross-section from a pentagonal to a circular shape, as well as the removal of the polyvinylpyrrolidone capping layer on the Ag NW surface. The deformation of the Ag NW cross-section occurs due to heat generation induced by the UV light absorption in the Ag NW, and it provides thermal energy for recrystallization to the Ag atoms on the NW surface, specifically near the corners of the pentagon, resulting in an increase in the radius of the rounded corners.
Probing the charge recombination in rGO decorated mixed phase (anatase-rutile) TiO2 multi-leg nanotubes
Authors: Rambabu Y. , Jaiswal Manu , Roy Somnath C.
Published: November 2016

Recombination of photo-generated charges is one of the most significant challenges in designing efficient photo-anode for photo electrochemical water oxidation. In the case of TiO2, mixed phase (anatase-rutile) junctions often shown to be more effective in suppressing electron-hole recombination compared to a single (anatase or rutile) phase. Here, we report the study of bulk and surface recombination process in TiO2 multi-leg nanotube (MLNTs) anatase-rutile (A-R) junctions decorated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) layers, through an analysis of the photo-current and impedance characteristics. To quantify the charge transport/transfer process involved in these junctions, holes arriving at the interface of semiconductor/electrolyte were collected by adding H2O2 to the electrolyte. This enabled us to interpret the bulk and surface recombination process involved in anatase/rutile/rGO junctions for photo-electrochemical water oxidation. We correlated this quantification to the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements, and showed that in anatase/rutile junction the increase in PEC performance was due to suppression in electron-hole recombination rate at the surface states that effectively enhances the hole transfer rate to the electrolyte. On the other hand, in rGO wrapped A-R MLNTs junction it was due to both phenomenon i.e decrease in bulk recombination rate as well as increase in hole transfer rate to the electrolyte at the semiconductor/electrolyte interface.
Robust model reference adaptive control for a two-dimensional piezo-driven micro-displacement scanning platform based on the asymmetrical Bouc-Wen model
Authors: Yang Haigen , Zhu Wei , Fu Xiao
Published: November 2016

The hysteresis characteristics resulted from piezoelectric actuators (PAs) and the residual vibration in the rapid positioning of a two-dimensional piezo-driven micro-displacement scanning platform (2D-PDMDSP) will greatly affect the positioning accuracy and speed. In this paper, in order to improve the accuracy and speed of the positioning and restrain the residual vibration of 2D-PDMDSP, firstly, Utilizing an online hysteresis observer based on the asymmetrical Bouc-Wen model, the PA with the hysteresis characteristics is feedforward linearized and can be used as a linear actuator; secondly, zero vibration and derivative shaping (ZVDS) technique is used to eliminate the residual vibration of the 2D-PDMDSP; lastly, the robust model reference adaptive (RMRA) control for the 2D-PDMDSP is proposed and explored. The rapid control prototype of the RMRA controller combining the proposed feedforward linearization and ZVDS control for the 2D-PDMDSP with rapid control prototyping technique based on the real-time simulation system is established and experimentally tested, and the corresponding controlled results are compared with those by the PID control method. The experimental results show that the proposed RMRA control method can significantly improve the accuracy and speed of the positioning and restrain the residual vibration of 2D-PDMDSP.
Sprint performance and mechanical outputs computed with an iPhone app: Comparison with existing reference methods
Authors: Romero‐Franco Natalia , Jiménez‐Reyes Pedro , Castaño‐Zambudio Adrián , Capelo‐Ramírez Fernando , Rodríguez‐Juan Juan José , González‐Hernández Jorge , Toscano‐Bendala Francisco Javier , Cuadrado‐Peñafiel Víctor , Balsalobre‐Fernández Carlos
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study was to assess validity and reliability of sprint performance outcomes measured with an iPhone application (named: MySprint) and existing field methods (i.e. timing photocells and radar gun). To do this, 12 highly trained male sprinters performed 6 maximal 40‐m sprints during a single session which were simultaneously timed using 7 pairs of timing photocells, a radar gun and a newly developed iPhone app based on high‐speed video recording. Several split times as well as mechanical outputs computed from the model proposed by Samozino et al. [(2015). A simple method for measuring power, force, velocity properties, and mechanical effectiveness in sprint running. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12490] were then measured by each system, and values were compared for validity and reliability purposes. First, there was an almost perfect correlation between the values of time for each split of the 40‐m sprint measured with MySprint and the timing photocells (r = 0.989–0.999, standard error of estimate = 0.007–0.015 s, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 1.0). Second, almost perfect associations were observed for the maximal theoretical horizontal force (F0), the maximal theoretical velocity (V0), the maximal power (Pmax) and the mechanical effectiveness (DRF – decrease in the ratio of force over acceleration) measured with the app and the radar gun (r = 0.974–0.999, ICC = 0.987–1.00). Finally, when analysing the performance outputs of the six different sprints of each athlete, almost identical levels of reliability were observed as revealed by the coefficient of variation (MySprint: CV = 0.027–0.14%; reference systems: CV = 0.028–0.11%). Results on the present study showed that sprint performance can be evaluated in a valid and reliable way using a novel iPhone app.
DAAM1 stabilizes epithelial junctions by restraining WAVE complex–dependent lateral membrane motility
Authors: Nishimura Tamako , Ito Shoko , Saito Hiroko , Hiver Sylvain , Shigetomi Kenta , Ikenouchi Junichi , Takeichi Masatoshi
Published: November 2016

Epithelial junctions comprise two subdomains, the apical junctional complex (AJC) and the adjacent lateral membrane contacts (LCs), that span the majority of the junction. The AJC is lined with circumferential actin cables, whereas the LCs are associated with less-organized actin filaments whose roles are elusive. We found that DAAM1, a formin family actin regulator, accumulated at the LCs, and its depletion caused dispersion of actin filaments at these sites while hardly affecting circumferential actin cables. DAAM1 loss enhanced the motility of LC-forming membranes, leading to their invasion of neighboring cell layers, as well as disruption of polarized epithelial layers. We found that components of the WAVE complex and its downstream targets were required for the elevation of LC motility caused by DAAM1 loss. These findings suggest that the LC membranes are motile by nature because of the WAVE complex, but DAAM1-mediated actin regulation normally restrains this motility, thereby stabilizing epithelial architecture, and that DAAM1 loss evokes invasive abilities of epithelial cells.
Effect of thick blanket modules on neoclassical tearing mode locking in ITER
Authors: La Haye R.J. , Paz-Soldan C. , Liu Y.Q.
Published: November 2016

The rotation of m/n  =  2/1 tearing modes can be slowed and stopped (i.e. locked) by eddy currents induced in resistive walls in conjunction with residual error fields that provide a final ‘notch’ point. This is a particular issue in ITER with large inertia and low applied torque (m and n are poloidal and toroidal mode numbers respectively). Previous estimates of tolerable 2/1 island widths in ITER found that the ITER electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) system could catch and subdue such islands before they persisted long enough and grew large enough to lock. These estimates were based on a forecast of initial island rotation using the n  =  1 resistive penetration time of the inner vacuum vessel wall and benchmarked to DIII-D high-rotation plasmas, However, rotating tearing modes in ITER will also induce eddy currents in the blanket as the effective first wall that can shield the inner vessel. The closer fitting blanket wall has a much shorter time constant and should allow several times smaller islands to lock several times faster in ITER than previously considered; this challenges the ECCD stabilization. Recent DIII-D ITER baseline scenario (IBS) plasmas with low rotation through small applied torque allow better modeling and scaling to ITER with the blanket as the first resistive wall.
Statistical analysis of m/n  =  2/1 locked and quasi-stationary modes with rotating precursors at DIII-D
Authors: Sweeney R. , Choi W. , La Haye R.J. , Mao S. , Olofsson K.E.J. , Volpe F.A.
Published: November 2016

A database has been developed to study the evolution, the nonlinear effects on equilibria, and the disruptivity of locked and quasi-stationary modes with poloidal and toroidal mode numbers m  =  2 and n  =  1 at DIII-D. The analysis of 22500 discharges shows that more than 18% of disruptions are due to locked or quasi-stationary modes with rotating precursors (not including born locked modes). A parameter formulated by the plasma internal inductance l

i
divided by the safety factor at 95% of the poloidal flux, q
95, is found to exhibit predictive capability over whether a locked mode will cause a disruption or not, and does so up to hundreds of milliseconds before the disruption. Within 20 ms of the disruption, the shortest distance between the island separatrix and the unperturbed last closed flux surface, referred to as d
edge, performs comparably to

l

i

/

q

95

in its ability to discriminate disruptive locked modes. Out of all parameters considered, d
edge also correlates best with the duration of the locked mode. Disruptivity following a m/n  =  2/1 locked mode as a function of the normalized beta,

β

N

, is observed to peak at an intermediate value, and decrease for high values. The decrease is attributed to the correlation between

β

N

and q
95 in the DIII-D operational space. Within 50 ms of a locked mode disruption, average behavior includes exponential growth of the n  =  1 perturbed field, which might be due to the 2/1 locked mode. Surprisingly, even assuming the aforementioned 2/1 growth, disruptivity following a locked mode shows little dependence on island width up to 20 ms before the disruption. Separately, greater deceleration of the rotating precursor is observed when the wall torque is large. At locking, modes are often observed to align at a particular phase, which is likely related to a residual error field. Timescales associated with the mode evolution are also studied and dictate the response times necessary for disruption avoidance and mitigation. Observations of the evolution of

β

N

during a locked mode, the effects of poloidal beta on the saturated width, and the reduction in Shafranov shift during locking are also presented.
On sequential analytic groups
Authors: Shibakov Alexander
Published: November 2016

We answer a question of S. Todorčević and C. Uzcátegui from their 2005 work by showing that the only possible sequential orders of sequential analytic groups are11andω1\omega _1. Other results on the structure of sequential analytic spaces and their relation to other classes of spaces are given as well. In particular, we provide a full topological classification of sequential analytic groups by showing that all such groups are either metrizable orkωk_\omega-spaces, which, together with a result by Zelenyuk, implies that there are exactlyω1\omega _1non-homeomorphic analytic sequential group topologies.
Minimal dilatation in Penner’s construction
Authors: Liechti Livio
Published: November 2016

For all orientable closed surfaces, we determine the minimal dilatation among mapping classes arising from Penner’s construction. We also discuss generalisations to surfaces with punctures.
Criticality and subcriticality of generalized Schrödinger forms with non-local perturbations
Authors: Li Liping
Published: November 2016

In this paper, we shall treat the Schrödinger forms with non-local perturbations. We first extend the definitions of subcriticality, criticality and supercriticality for the Schrödinger forms by Takeda (2014) to the non-local cases in the context of quasi-regular Dirichlet forms. Then we prove an analytic characterization of these definitions via the bottom of the spectrum set.
The 𝐶¹ density of nonuniform hyperbolicity in 𝐶^{𝑟} conservative diffeomorphisms
Authors: Liang Chao , Yang Yun
Published: November 2016

Let

D
i
f
f

m

r

(
M
)

\mathrm {Diff}^{r}_m(M)

be the set of

C

r

C^{r}

volume-preserving diffeomorphisms on a compact Riemannian manifold

M
M

(

dim
⁡
M
≥
2

\dim M\geq 2

). In this paper, we prove that the diffeomorphisms without zero Lyapunov exponents on a set of positive volume are

C
1

C^1

dense in

D
i
f
f

m

r

(
M
)
,
r
≥
1

\mathrm {Diff}^{r}_m(M), r\geq 1

. We also prove a weaker result for symplectic diffeomorphisms

S
y
m

ω

r

(
M
)
,
r
≥
1

\mathrm {Sym}^{r}_{\omega }(M), r\geq 1

saying that either the symplectic diffeomorphism

f
f

is partially hyperbolic or

C
1

C^1

arbitrarily close to

f
f

in

S
y
m

ω

r

(
M
)

\mathrm {Sym}^{r}_{\omega }(M)

, there is a diffeomorphism

g
∈

S
y
m

ω

r

(
M
)

g\in \mathrm {Sym}^{r}_{\omega }(M)

without zero Lyapunov exponents on a set with positive volume.
On equivariant and invariant topological complexity of smooth ℤ/_{𝕡}-spheres
Authors: Błaszczyk Zbigniew , Kaluba Marek
Published: November 2016

We investigate equivariant and invariant topological complexity of spheres endowed with smooth non-free actions of cyclic groups of prime order. We prove that semilinear

Z

/

p

\mathbb {Z}/_{\!p}

-spheres have both invariants either

2
2

or 

3
3

and calculate exact values in all but two cases. On the other hand, we exhibit examples which show that these invariants can be arbitrarily large in the class of smooth

Z

/

p

\mathbb {Z}/_{\!p}

-spheres.
Expected dimensions of higher-rank Brill-Noether loci
Authors: Zhang Naizhen
Published: November 2016

In this paper, we prove a new expected dimension formula for certain rank two Brill-Noether loci with fixed special determinant. This answers a question asked by Osserman and also leads to a new and much simpler proof of a theorem in his 2015 work. Our result generalizes the well-known result by Bertram, Feinberg and independently Mukai on expected dimension of rank two Brill-Noether loci with canonical determinant and partially verifies a conjecture (in rank two) of Grzegorczyk and Newstead on coherent systems.
Existence and non-existence of solutions of the mean field equations on flat tori
Authors: Chen Zhijie , Kuo Ting-Jung , Lin Chang-Shou
Published: November 2016

We prove the existence or non-existence of solutions of the mean field equation (1.1) with

n
=
1

n=1

or

n
=
2

n=2

for a rectangular torus

E
E

. It is interesting to see that the results depend on the location of the half period

ω

k

2

\frac {\omega _{k}}{2}

.
Rank parity for congruent supersingular elliptic curves
Authors: Hatley Jeffrey
Published: November 2016

A recent paper of Shekhar compares the ranks of elliptic curves

E
1

E_1

and

E
2

E_2

for which there is an isomorphism

E
1

[
p
]
≃

E
2

[
p
]

E_1[p] \simeq E_2[p]

as

G
a
l

(

Q

¯

/

Q

)

\mathrm {Gal}(\bar {\mathbf {Q}}/\mathbf {Q})

-modules, where

p
p

is a prime of good ordinary reduction for both curves. In this paper we prove an analogous result in the case where

p
p

is a prime of good supersingular reduction.
The Dehn–Sommerville relations and the Catalan matroid
Authors: Chavez Anastasia , Yamzon Nicole
Published: November 2016

The

f
f

-vector of a

d
d

-dimensional polytope

P
P

stores the number of faces of each dimension. When

P
P

is a simplicial polytope the Dehn–Sommerville relations condense the

f
f

-vector into the

g
g

-vector, which has length

⌈

d
+
1

2

⌉

\lceil {\frac {d+1}{2}}\rceil

. Thus, to determine the

f
f

-vector of

P
P

, we only need to know approximately half of its entries. This raises the question: Which

(
⌈

d
+
1

2

⌉
)

(\lceil {\frac {d+1}{2}}\rceil )

-subsets of the

f
f

-vector of a general simplicial polytope are sufficient to determine the whole

f
f

-vector? We prove that the answer is given by the bases of the Catalan matroid.
On the generic local Langlands correspondence for 𝐺𝑆𝑝𝑖𝑛 groups
Authors: Heiermann Volker , Kim Yeansu
Published: November 2016

In the case of split

G
S
p
i
n

GSpin

groups, we prove an equality of

L
L

-functions between automorphic local

L
L

-functions defined by the Langlands-Shahidi method and local Artin

L
L

-functions. Our method of proof is based on previous results of the first author which allow us to reduce the problem to supercuspidal representations of Levi subgroups of

G
S
p
i
n

GSpin

, by constructing Langlands parameters for general generic irreducible admissible representations of

G
S
p
i
n

GSpin

from the one for generic irreducible supercuspidal representations of its Levi subgroups.
Golgi enzymes do not cycle through the endoplasmic reticulum during protein secretion or mitosis
Authors: Villeneuve Julien , Duran Juan , Scarpa Margherita , Bassaganyas Laia , Van Galen Josse , Malhotra Vivek
Published: November 2016

Golgi-specific sialyltransferase (ST) expressed as a chimera with the rapamycin-binding domain of mTOR, FRB, relocates to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in cells exposed to rapamycin that also express invariant chain (Ii)-FKBP in the ER. This result has been taken to indicate that Golgi-resident enzymes cycle to the ER constitutively. We show that ST-FRB is trapped in the ER even without Ii-FKBP upon rapamycin addition. This is because ER-Golgi–cycling FKBP proteins contain a C-terminal KDEL-like sequence, bind ST-FRB in the Golgi, and are transported together back to the ER by KDEL receptor–mediated retrograde transport. Moreover, depletion of KDEL receptor prevents trapping of ST-FRB in the ER by rapamycin. Thus ST-FRB cycles artificially by binding to FKBP domain–containing proteins. In addition, Golgi-specific O-linked glycosylation of a resident ER protein occurs only upon artificial fusion of Golgi membranes with ER. Together these findings support the consensus view that there is no appreciable mixing of Golgi-resident enzymes with ER under normal conditions.
Roman Law and the Intellectual History of International Law
Authors: Lesaffer Randall
Published: November 2016

This chapter describes the role of Roman law—whose influence has been largely underestimated in recent scholarship—in the intellectual history and development of international law. To that end, the chapter offers a general survey of the historical interactions between Roman law and international law, drawing from general insights into the intellectual history of law in Europe that have remained remarkably absent in the grand narrative of the history of international law. The focus is on the periods in which these interactions were most pronounced. Next to Roman Antiquity, these are the Late Middle Ages (eleventh to fifteenth centuries) and the Early Modern Age (sixteenth to eighteenth centuries).
Transformations of Natural Law
Authors: Koskenniemi Martti
Published: November 2016

This chapter examines the transformation of ideas about international power that took place in the idiom of natural law between 1648 and 1815, a key period of early Western modernity. Pressed in part by external events and in part by developments in the relations between the Holy Roman Empire’s constituent units, university jurists switched between abstract justification of the imperial structure and deliberating the technical merits of alternative legislative policies. These debates had an immediate relevance to how German jurists conceived jus gentium (the law of nations) and why they would finally discuss it under the title of ‘public law of Europe’. Thus, the transformations of natural law in the period 1648–1815 constructed and delimited the ways in which what is settled in the international world and what is open for political contestation was to be conceived up to the present.
The Critique of Classical Thought during the Interwar Period
Authors: Tourme-Jouannet Emmanuelle
Published: November 2016

This chapter connects the larger theme of the link between contemporary law and classical international thought to the ideas posited by two jurists—Cornelis Van Vollenhoven and Emer de Vattel. In 1919, Van Vollenhoven published a small work in which he issued a fierce critique of classical (legal) thought, which, according to him, was embodied by the eighteenth-century jurist, Emer de Vattel. The classical conception of international law was never expounded more clearly than in Vattel’s 1758 work, Le droit des gens, ou principes de la loi naturelle, appliqués à la conduit et aux affaires des Nations et des Souverains. Hence, by studying Vattel’s and Van Vollenhoven’s doctrines, of which the latter offers a distorted reflection of the former, it is possible to contribute to elucidating the concerns, weaknesses, and current incarnations of that classical model.
Imperialism and International Legal Theory
Authors: Anghie Antony
Published: November 2016

This chapter examines the issue of how imperialism has impinged on theorizing about international law in different historical periods, as imperialism is a distinctive experience that has generated new questions and concepts that have been and need to be further explored in order to acquire a better grasp of the operation of international law and its effects on the world. The argument here is that we are faced by a fundamental paradox: although imperialism has been crucial to the development of international law, it has not really been a central concern of the theory of international law for much of the last century. This is because of a broad tendency to view ‘colonial questions’ as pragmatic or political issues that did not implicate the great theoretical concerns of the time, or else to characterize imperialism in a manner that easily enabled its assimilation into these concerns.
Hans Kelsen and the Return of Universalism
Authors: von Bersnstorff Jochen
Published: November 2016

This chapter illustrates the deep structure of the Kelsenian approach to international law from an intellectual history perspective. Hans Kelsen (1881–1973) was a Viennese law professor in between the two world wars, who is seen by many as one of the most outstanding, if not the most outstanding, jurist of the twentieth century. Therefore studying the Kelsenian approach includes the political, doctrinal, and philosophical context in which Kelsen developed his fundamental critique of the then-prevailing German international law theory. Furthermore, the chapter reveals the subversive and revolutionary force of Kelsen’s critical methodology with a couple of examples, concluding with a few words on how German international legal scholarship dealt with Kelsen’s legacy after the Second World War.
Marxist Approaches to International Law
Authors: Knox Robert
Published: November 2016

This chapter attempts to chart a course through the complex terrain of Marxist theory as applied to international law, especially given that Marxist international legal theory can only be understood in relation to a number of other debates. Particularly important are Marxist debates about the relationship between the ‘base’ and ‘superstructure’, about the nature and function of the state, and theories of ideology and hegemony. To that end, the chapter explores Marxist theories of imperialism and their understanding of international law, such as the associations between international law and the dynamics of international capitalism, conducted under the rubric of ‘imperialism’. Finally, the chapter takes a specific look at Marxist international legal theory, in exploring the commodity-form theory, the ideology critique, and the positioning of the ‘Third World’ within international law.