bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validitas Mobile Pocket Book Berbasis Android Menggunakan Adobe Flash Pada Materi Suhu Dan Kalor
Authors: Sari Wulan Maya , Riswanto Riswanto , Partono Partono
Published: April 2019

Abstrak: Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi saat ini yang memasuki era Revolusi Industri 4.0, kemajuan teknologi dapat dimanfaatkan oleh guru dalam proses pembelajaran, salah satunya yaitu dengan menginovasi penggunaan media pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan validitas mobile pocket book berbasis android menggunakan adobe flash pada materi suhu dan kalor. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan dengan desain ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implimentation, dan Evaluation). Subjek uji coba dalam penelitian ini ialah 26 siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 4 Metro. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa lembar validasi, yang divalidasi oleh tiga ahli baik ahli materi maupun ahli media. Hasil analisa data menyatakan bahwa mobile pocket book berbasis android bahwa media sangat valid (85,61%) ditinjau dari aspek desain pembelajaran, aspek komunikasi visual, aspek rekayasa perangkat lunak, dan aspek kualitas konstruksional. Disimpulkan bahwa mobile pocket book berbasis android menggunakan adobe flash yang dikembangkan sangat valid digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran.Abstract: Along with the development of information and communication technology today which is entering the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, technological progress can be used by teachers in the learning process, one of them is by innovating the use of learning media. This study aims to describe the validity of Android-based pocketbook mobile using Adobe Flash on temperature and heat material. This study is research and development with ADDIE design (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The subjects of the trial in this study were 26 students of class XI of SMA 4 Metro. The instrument used was a validation sheet, which was validated by three experts, both material experts and media experts. The results of the data analysis state that the Android-based mobile pocketbook that is well worth the media (85.61%) in terms of aspects of instructional design, visual communication aspects, aspects of software engineering and constructional quality aspects. It can be concluded that mobile-based pocketbook using adobe flash android developed extremely valid for use in the learning process.
Animal Models for Panic Disorder
Authors: do Carmo Silva Rhayra Xavier , Rocha Sueslene Prado , Herculano Anderson Manoel , Lima-Maximino Monica Gomes , Maximino Caio
Published: April 2019

Panic disorder (PD) is characterized by recurrent and uncontrollable panic attacks associated with behavioral changes and/or persistent anxiety due to the attacks. The development of behavioral models in animals is important for the understanding of the psychobiological and behavioral bases of PD. The present article reviews the main models used in the current literature. Biobehavioral assays used in rats and mice include fear conditioning (which presents moderate predictive, face, and construct validities); the elevated T-maze (which presents good predictive validity, but low face and construct validities); electrical stimulation of the periaqueductal gray (which presents good face validity, but moderate construct validity); predator exposure models (which present good predictive and moderate construct validity); and hypercapnia-induced responses (which present moderate construct validity). These three approaches seek coherence with theories on fear as a way to increase its translational potential; thus, while the elevated T-maze is supported by the Deakin/Graeff theory, the mouse defense test battery relies on the concept of defensive distance, and periaqueductal gray stimulation is based on the functional neuroanatomy of fear. Moreover, to higher or lower degree the three models are supported by an “etho-experimental” approach, with careful observation of animal behavior as a way of discriminating different defensive strategies that model different aspects of anxiety, fear, and panic. These assays can be used, in conjunction with independent variables that attempt to simulate the vulnerabilities and stressors which lead to panic attacks, to produce true models of PD. Finally, an alternative/complementary model is proposed that uses zebrafish alarm reaction to study this disorder.
Acute Regulation of the Glycerophospholipid Composition of The Membranes of Mammalian Cells. The First Comprehensive Model
Authors: Somerharju Pentti , Virtanen Jorma , Hermansson Martin
Published: April 2019

Is unclear how mammalian cells maintain the complex glycerophospholipid (GPL) compositions of their various membranes. Here we propose the first comprehensive model that suggests how this could be accomplished. The model is based on the idea that there are a limited number of GPL compositions that are energetically more favorable than the other compositions, i.e., those (optimal) compositions represent local free energy minima. Thus, the GPL composition of a membrane has a natural tendency to settle in one of the optimal composition. When the mole fraction of an GPL class exceeds that in an optimal composition, its chemical activity abruptly increases, which (i) increases its propensity to efflux from the membranes thus making it susceptible for hydrolysis by homeostatic phospholipases; (ii) increases its potency to inhibit its own biosynthesis via a feedback mechanism; (iii) enhances its conversion to another GPL class via “head group remodeling” or (iv) enhances its translocation to another membrane. These four processes may act separately or simultaneously to maintain GPL homeostasis.
Analysis of Power Flow Under Non-Sinusoidal Conditions in the Presence of Harmonics and Interharmonics Using Geometric Algebra
Authors: Montoya Francisco G. , Baños Raúl , Alcayde Alfredo , Arrabal-Campos Francisco M.
Published: April 2019

The calculation of power flow in power systems with the presence of harmonics has been properly studied in the scientific literature. However, power flow calculation considering interharmonic components is still an open question. Traditional methods based on the IEEE1459 standard have proven to be valid and accurate only for linear and sinusoidal systems, but have been criticized for non-linear and non-sinusoidal systems because they are not able to explain correctly the current and voltage interactions beyond the active power. This paper proposes the use of a novel mathematical framework called geometric algebra (GA) to study the power flow considering the interaction of current and voltage harmonics and interharmonics. The use of GA enables the precise determination of the direction and magnitude of the total and single active power flow for each component, as well as other power elements related to the non-active power due to cross interaction. Moreover, this paper makes a novel contribution to the definition of interharmonics in geometric algebra space that has not been done before. To test the validity of the method, both linear and non-linear circuits are proposed and solved by applying voltages and currents with harmonic and interharmonic components. The results obtained show that power flow can be analyzed under the prism of the principle of energy conservation (PoCoE) in a way that allows a better understanding of the power spectrum due to the interaction of harmonics and interharmonics of voltage and current.
Anaemia and Incidence of Post Stroke Dementia
Authors: Myint Phyo Kyaw , Macleod Mary Joan , Clark Allan B. , Smith Toby O. , Bettencourt-Silva Joao H. , Metcalf Anthony Kneale , Potter John F.
Published: April 2019

Background: Whilst lack of concentration is a known symptom of anaemia, its association with post-stroke dementia is unclear. Methods: We used data from a UK regional stroke register. To be eligible, patient must have survived to discharge and had anaemia by WHO criteria.  Dementia status and other prevalent co-morbidities were assessed using ICD-10 codes. Patients were followed till May 2015 (mean follow-up 3.7 years, total person years = 27,769). Hazard Ratio for incident dementia was calculated using Cox-proportional hazards model controlling for potential confounders. Fine and Gray model was additionally constructed using mortality as the competing risk. Results: A total of 7,454 stroke patients were included with mean age (SD) of 75.9(12.3) years (50.2% men). Those with anaemia were older, has higher disability and co-morbidity burden prior to stroke. We observed a large amount of variation in the dementia incidence rates over time and that the hazard ratio increased every year.  The significant association between anaemia and dementia incidence was lost after controlling for pre-stroke Modified Rankin score (HR1.17(0.97,1.40)). With every 20g/dL increase in Hb was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of dementia after adjustment for age, sex, stroke factors and disability but lost significance after adjustment for vascular risk factors. Competing risk analyses showed similar results. Conclusion: Whilst we found no evidence of anaemia as a risk factor for post-stroke dementia, the findings may be limited by potential under recognition of post stroke dementia.
Effect of Aluminum and Silicon on Formation Fe-Al-Si Intermetallic Phase Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Gray Cast Iron
Authors: Sanatizadeh Ehsan , Kordijazi Amir , Das Sourav , Rohatgi Pradeep , Jafari Hassan
Published: April 2019

Gray cast iron is one of the most important engineering materials that has many applications in various industries including automotive and machinery manufacturing due to its mechanical properties, wear resistance, machining potentials and low price. In this research effect of adding aluminum and silicon to composition of gray cast iron on microstructure and wear resistance was studied. Moreover, it was investigated the role of formation of Fe-Al-Si intermetallic compound in final properties of the alloy. For studying wear resistance of samples pin-on-disc method was carried out. The results showed that addition of aluminum to gray cast iron causes formation of ferrite matrix, which leads to a decrease in hardness value. Increasing silicon content up to 2 wt. % in cast iron with 4 wt. % aluminum intensifies the formation of ferrite matrix, while further increase to 3 wt. % causes emerging a Fe-Al-Si intermetallic phase. Improvement in hardness value was achieved by increasing silicon content from 3 wt. % to 4 wt. % due to the increased percentage of intermetallic phase. Effect of intermetallic phase on decreasing wear rate was showed by studying microstructure and hardness values, however the lowest wear resistance was observed in aluminum bearing cast iron containing 2 wt. % silicon.
Towards a 3D Data Model of Underground Utilities for Land Administration
Authors: YAN Jingya , JAW Siow Wei , SOON Kean Huat , WIESER Andreas , SCHROTTER Gerhard
Published: April 2019

Cities around the world face an increasing need for land as density in urban areas increases rapidly. The pressure to expand a city's space is especially acute for a city-state like Singapore. In the big data era, a data-driven approach of underground spaces is necessary for the sustainable development of a city along with rapid urbanization. A reliable three dimensional (3D) digital map of utility networks is crucial for urban planners to understand one of the most impactful aspects of underground space planning. How to map reliable 3D underground utility networks and use it in the land administration? This is a challenging issue, especially for cities with limited land resources, congested underground spaces, and a lack of uniform existing practices. First, this paper proposes a framework for utility data governance from the underground utility data survey to data usage. This is the backbone to support coordination of different roles in the utility data management and usage. Then, an initial design of the 3D utility cadastral data model is introduced, which aims to support the 3D modelling of utility networks and connect it to the cadastral parcel. It is expected that reliable and accurate information on underground utility networks can lead to a better understanding and management of underground space, which eventually contributes to better city planning, making the unseen structures visible.
Investigation of Laminar-Turbulent Transition on a Rotating Wind Turbine Blade of Multi Megawatt Class with Thermography and a Microphone Array
Authors: Reichstein Torben , Schaffarczyk Alois Peter , Dollinger Christoph , Balaresque Nicolas , Schuelein Erich , Jauch Clemens , Fischer Andreas
Published: April 2019

Knowledge about laminar-turbulent transition on operating multi-megawatt wind turbine blades needs sophisticated equipment like hot-films or microphone arrays. Contrarily thermographic pictures can easily be taken from the ground and temperature differences indicate different states of the boundary layer. The accuracy however, still is an open question, so that an aerodynamic glove known from experimental research on aero-planes was used to classify the boundary-layer state of a 2 megawatt wind turbine blade operating in the orthern part of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. State-of-the-art equipment for measurering static surface pressure was used for monitoring the lift distribution. To distinguish laminar and turbulent parts of the boundary layer (suction side only) 48 microphones were applied together with ground-based thermographic cameras from two teams. Additionally, an optical camera mounted on the hub was used to survey vibrations. During start-up (from 0 to 9 rpm) extended, but irregularly shaped regions of a laminar boundary layer were observed which had the same extension measured both with microphones and Thermography. When an approximately constant rotor rotation (9 rpm corresponding to approximately 6 m/s wind-speed) was achieved, a flow transition was visible at the expected position of 40 % chord length on the rotor blade, which was fouled with dense turbulent wedges and an almost complete turbulent state on the glove was detected. In all observations, quantitative determination of the flow transition positions from thermography and microphones agree well within their accuracy.
I am Conscious, Therefore I am: Imagery, Affect, Action, and a General Theory of Behaviour
Authors: Marks David F
Published: April 2019

Organisms are adapted to each other and the environment, not as tradition would have it, because natural selection made them that way, but because there is inbuilt striving towards stability and equilibrium. A General Theory of Behaviour connects imagery, affect and action with the central executive system we call Consciousness. The General Theory is founded on the assumption that the primary motivation of all of Consciousness and intentional behaviour is Psychological Homeostasis. Psychological homeostasis is as important to the organisation of mind and behaviour as Physiological Homeostasis is to the organisation of bodily systems. Consciousness processes quasi-perceptual images independently of the input to the retina and sensorium. Consciousness is the “I-Am” control centre for integration and regulation of (my) thoughts, (my) feelings and (my) actions with (my) conscious mental imagery as foundation stones. Imagery vividness, a combination of clarity and liveliness, is essential to imagining, remembering, thinking, predicting, planning and acting. Assessment of vividness using introspective report is validated by objective means such as fMRI. A significant body of work shows that vividness of visual imagery is determined by the similarity of neural responses in imagery to those occurring in perception of actual objects and performance of activities. I am Conscious, therefore I am.
Use of Buckwheat Straw to Produce Ethyl Alcohol Using Ionic Liquids
Authors: Smuga-Kogut Malgorzata , Bychto Leszek , Walendzik Bartosz , Szymanowska Daria , Marecik Roman , Kobus-Cisowska Joanna , Grajek Katarzyna , Cielecka-Piontek Judyta
Published: April 2019

Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) is an annual spring-emerging crop that is classified among dicotyledons, yet due to the manner of its cultivation, use, and chemical composition of seeds. The use of buckwheat straw for energy purposes, for example, for the production of second generation bioethanol might enable its wider application and increase the cost-effectiveness of tillage. In this study, we examined the usability of buckwheat straw for the production of bioethanol. We pretreated the raw material with using ionic liquids and subsequently performed enzymatic hydrolysis and alcoholic fermentation. The obtained chemometric data was analyzed using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression model. PLS regression in combination with the spectral analysis within near-infrared (NIR) spectrum allowed for the rapid determination of amount of cellulose in the raw material and also provided information on the changes taking place in its structure. According to our results, we obtained good results for the combination of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate as the ionic liquid and Cellic CTec2 and the enzymatic preparation for the pretreatment of buckwheat straw. The highest concentration of glucose following 72 hours of enzymatic hydrolysis was found to be around 5.5 g/dm3. The highest concentration of ethanol (3.31 g/dm3) was obtained with the combination of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate for the pretreatment and the cellulase from Trichoderma reesei for enzymatic hydrolysis. In summary, the efficiency of the fermentation process is strictly associated with the pool of available fermenting sugars, and it depends on the type of ionic liquid used during the pretreatment and on the enzymatic preparation. It is possible to obtain bioethanol from buckwheat straw using ionic liquid for the pretreatment of the raw material prior to the enzymatic hydrolysis and alcoholic fermentation of the material.
The Green’s Type Matrices for Consumption Reduction in a Heterogeneous Population Model of TCLs with Diffusion
Authors: Hossain Md Musabbir , Zh. Khurshudyan Asatur
Published: April 2019

We consider a control problem for a diffusive PDE model of heterogeneous population of thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) aiming to balance the aggregate power consumption within a given amount of time. Using the Green’s function approach, the problem is formulated as an approximate controllability problem for a residue depending on control parameters nonlinearly. A sufficient condition for approximate controllability is derived in terms of initial temperature distribution, operation time of TCLs and threshold value of the aggregate power consumption. Case studies allow to reveal the advantages of the proposed solution from numerical calculations point of view.
Sarcopenia is Associated Cognitive Impairment Mainly Due to Slow Gait Speed: Results from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS)
Authors: Kim Miji , Won Chang Won
Published: April 2019

Cognitive impairment and sarcopenia may share common risk factors and pathophysiological pathways. This study was performed to examine the association between impairments in specific cognitive domains and sarcopenia (and its defining components) in a large group of community-dwelling older adults. Cross-sectional analysis was performed on the baseline data of 3,014 adults aged 70–84 years enrolled in the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS). The final analysis included 1,887 adults underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and cognitive function assessments. Those with disability in activities of daily living, dementia, severe cognitive impairment, Parkinson’s disease, musculoskeletal complaints, neurological disorders, or who were illiterate were excluded. Cognitive function was assessed using the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Packet, the Frontal Assessment Battery. For sarcopenia, we used the diagnostic criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 9.6% for men and 7.6% for women. Sarcopenia (odds ratio [OR] 1.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–2.99) and slow gait speed (OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.34–4.99) were associated with cognitive impairment in men. Only slow gait speed (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.05–3.36) was associated with cognitive impairment in women. Sarcopenia is associated with cognitive impairment mainly due to slow gait speed. Our results suggested that cognitive impairment domains, such as processing speed and executive function, are associated with sarcopenia-related slow gait speed.
Design of a 2 × 4 Hybrid MMI-MZI Configuration with MMI Phase-shifters
Authors: Niraula Boris B. , Rizal Conrad
Published: April 2019

This paper reports design of a 2 × 4 hybrid multimode interferometer-Mach-zehnder interferometer (MMI-MZI) configuration and compact thermo-optical switch consisting of slab waveguides on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI), platform. The device consisted of two identical MMIs as power splitters and couplers that are connected with two identical MMI-based phase shifters, and linear tapers at both ends of the MMIs to minimize the power coupling loss. A thin Al pad is used as a heating element, and a trench is created around this pad to prevent heat from spreading and to minimize loss. The calculated average thermo-optical switching power consumption, excess loss, and power imbalance are 1.4 mW, 0.9 dB, and 0.1 dB, respectively. The overall footprint of the device is 6 × 304 μm2. The new heating method has advantages of compact size, ease of fabrication on SOI platform with the current CMOS technology, and offers low excess loss and power consumption as demanded by devices based on SOI technology. The device can act as two independent optical switches in one structure.
Pengembangan Video Pekerjaan Bidang Perpustakaan, Pendidikan dan Pelatihan dalam Layanan Perencanaan Individual
Authors: Cahyawulan Wening , Sibarani Christina Novelia
Published: April 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan media pembelajaran video pekerjaan bidang perpustakaan, pendidikan dan pelatihan yang digunakan dalam layanan perencanaan individual untuk kelas XI di SMA N 31 Jakarta. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode Research and Development (R&D) menggunakan model ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate). Tahapan model pengembangan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis, desain, dan pengembangan. Evaluasi formatif dilakukan oleh validator ahli media, ahli materi, dan peserta didik. Berdasarkan data tersebut menunjukkan hasil evaluasi validitasi ahli media 95,66% (sangat layak), validatasi ahli materi 70,45% (layak), dan uji coba peserta didik mencapai 74% (layak). Hasil penelitian adalah tujuh video yang menjelaskan pekerjaan pustakawan, guru pendidikan sekolah dasar, guru pendidikan menengah, guru pendidikan kejuruan, guru pendidikan khusus, dosen, instructional designer. Masing-masing video mendeskripsikan pengertian, tugas yang dilakukan, kompetensi yang harus dimiliki, serta pengalaman kerja.
Diyet Kalitesi ve Sedanter Geçirilen Süre Obez Fenotiplerinde Metabolik Sağlığı Etkiler mi?
Authors: Bilgiç Pelin , ÖTELEŞ Sümeyra
Published: April 2019

Amaç: Obezite son yıllarda hızla artmakla birlikte önemli fenotipik
varyasyonları olan kompleks ve heterojen bir durumdur. Obezite kardiyovasküler
hastalıklar (KVH), tip 2 diyabet, dislipidemi ve hipertansiyon gibi birçok metabolik
komplikasyonlarla ilişkilidir. Ancak bu komplikasyonların gelişimine dirençli
olan obez alt grubu tanımlanmakta ve “metabolik olarak sağlıklı (MS) obez”
şeklinde adlandırılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı diyet kalitesi ve sedanter
geçirilen sürenin obez fenotipleri arasında karşılaştırılmasıdır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya diyabet, hipertansiyon ve
dislipidemi tanısı almayan, gebe ve menopoz döneminde olmayan beden kütle
indeksine göre hafif şişman/obez (BKİ ≥25,00 kg/m2) 19-50 yaş arası
57 gönüllü premenopoz kadın katılmıştır. Bireylere genel özelliklerinin
sorgulandığı bir anket uygulanmış, antropometrik ölçüm ve vücut bileşimi
verileri alınmıştır. Bireylerden bir gün hafta içi, bir gün hafta sonu olmak
üzere toplam iki günlük geriye dönük besin tüketimi alınarak Sağlıklı Yeme
İndeksi-2005 (SYİ-2005) ölçeği ile diyet kaliteleri hesaplanmıştır. Bireylerin
fiziksel aktivite ile sedanter geçirilen süreleri ise Uluslararası Fiziksel
Aktivite Kaydı ile saptanmıştır. Katılımcılar yüksek kan basıncı, trigliserit,
glukoz, düşük yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein ve insülin direnci (MSO≥2; MS<2)
dahil olmak üzere kardiyometabolik risk faktörlerine göre sınıflandırılmıştır.Bulgular: Araştırma sonucunda hafif şişman/obez bireylerin %56’sının (n=32)
metabolik olarak sağlıklı olduğu saptanmıştır. Metabolik olarak sağlıklı (MS)
hafif şişman/obez bireylerin SYİ puanının metabolik olarak sağlıklı olmayan
(MSO) hafif şişman/obez bireylerin puanından daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur
(p<0.05). MS grubunun tam meyve, tam tahıl, süt ve et/kurubaklagil diyet
kalitesi skorlarının MSO grubuna göre daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır (p>0.05). MS grubun MSO gruba göre
sedanter geçirilen sürenin daha az olduğu görülmüştür (p> 0.05).Sonuç: Obezitenin metabolik risk faktörlerine karşı dirençli olan MS fenotipinin
gelişiminde altta yatan faktörler son yıllarda tartışılmakta ve yaşam tarzı
faktörlerinin ayırıcı bir etken olabileceği vurgulanmaktadır. Sağlıklı beslenme
ve hareketli yaşam gibi yaşam tarzı faktörlerinin MS obez fenotipinin
gelişiminde olası etkilerinin aydınlatılması, obezitenin tedavisinde yararlı
olacaktır.
Solar Cells: Current State and Development Prospects
Authors: Maronchuk I. I. , Sanikovich D. D. , Mironchuk V. I.
Published: April 2019

The paper considers the main trends in the development of the world market of solar photovoltaics over the past few years. It is shown that the industry is a very rapidly evolving one among the branches of renewable energy and modern industries as a whole. It is obvious that the prime cost of the of solar energy being produced is rapidly approaching the price of electricity generated by traditional methods at nuclear power plants and thermal power plants. The aspects of the development of the efficiency of modern research solar cells made of various materials using innovative technological solutions based on the data provided by the National Laboratory for Renewable Energy (NREL, USA) in 2017 are noted. For the convenience of analysis, the research solar cells are divided into four technological groups. The advantages and disadvantages of solar cells, including the specific features of their production and prospects for development are considered separately for each group; the maximum efficiency for the year 2017 is estimated. A possible alternative to the future development of modern high-performance single-transition solar cells is the use of fundamentally new materials based on nanoheteroepitaxial structures with quantum dots. The possibilities of absorption (processing) by such structures of both short-wave radiation and long-wave part of the solar radiation spectrum for the purpose of generation of electric energy by increasing the efficiency of solar cells on their basis have been demonstrated. The optimal materials for their production and the principles of action of high-performance solar cells on their basis have been considered. The prospects of manufacturing nanoheteroepitaxial structures with quantum dots by liquid-phase epitaxy with pulse cooling of the substrate have been substantiated.
Model of a Photovoltaic Cell for the MatLab/Simulink SimPowerSystems Library
Authors: Zalizny D. I.
Published: April 2019

A new Simulink model of a photovoltaic cell has been proposed. The model is focused on the use of a standard SimPowerSystems library with power engineering elements from the MatLab/Simulink software package. The model allows altering the values of solar irradiance, photovoltaic cell temperature and load resistance. The results of the model application are the calculated values of voltages and currents at the photovoltaic cell output. The Simulink model that has been developed implements the known dependence of the photovoltaic cell volt-ampere characteristic by using both standard MatLab/Simulink blocks and special electric SimPowerSystems library blocks. The model is characterized by the fact that the series and parallel resistance of the photovoltaic cell are made in the form of resistors from the SimPowerSystems library. The main calculation algorithm is implemented programmatically by using the “C” programming language. To increase the algorithm stability to algebraic cycles the restrictions parameters are introduced. A new technique of calculating the photovoltaic cell model parameters based on experimental data has been proposed. The technique includes the preparation of a system of equations with experimental values of the photovoltaic cell voltages and currents. Experimental tests have been carried out for the photovoltaic module OSP XTP 250 under different solar irradiance values. The tests showed that the relative error of the Simulink model that has been developed does not exceed 12 %. The Simulink model makes it possible to build photovoltaic modules and then to build schemes of photovoltaic power plants as a part of power supply systems. Due to the latter it is possible to simulate the electricity consumers’ work, weather conditions, and the presence of shadows or pollution on the surface of photovoltaic modules. Also, one can carry out a simulation of increasing failures in power plant photovoltaic modules, e.g. simulating of modules efficiency reducing because of their degradation, or simulating of modules series resistance increasing because of the photovoltaic cell internal contacts deterioration. The Simulink model that has been developed can be used both at the design stage and at the stage of photoelectric power plants operation.
Formation of a Strategy for Increasing the Efficiency of Operation of Distribution Electrical Grids at the Stage of Pre-Design Works
Authors: Zhurakhivskyi A. V. , Bakhor Z. M. , Yatseiko A. Ya. , Hapanovych V. H.
Published: April 2019

The main criterions to assess the quality of operation of distribution electrical grids are considered. It is shown that in power supply companies as early as at the pre-design formation of the strategy of modernization and reconstruction of electrical grids, it is necessary to choose the optimal measures for each mainline with a clear sequence of implementation of the selected measures in the electrical grid taking into account prospects of its development. A mathematical model of the classification of mainlines of distribution electrical grids has been developed according to the state of their operation, viz. successful operation, strenuous operation and unacceptable operation. On the basis of this model an algorithm for a choice of the optimal technical measures for the reconstruction of mainlines has been formed depending on their state: for mainlines in the strenuous state it is possible to replace the wire of the section or an installation of a battery of statistical capacitors at the remote transformer substations; for mainlines in the unacceptable state, in accordance with the results of an expert assessment of possible measures taking into account the electrical grid development, the prospects of increase of the load, the construction of unloading points, the connection to the distributed generation electrical grid, a decision is being made to replace the wire section, to transform a part or the whole electrical grid to higher voltage level. This allows formalizing the procedure for the choice and implementation the outlined measures as early as at the stage of pre-design formation of the modernization and reconstruction strategy so to provide an efficient use of funds for the reconstruction and technical retooling of distribution electrical grids in order to improve the quality of their operation. The mathematical model and the algorithm for the choice of the optimal technical measure for the reconstruction of the mainline taking into account the prospects for development that had been developed was tested during the development of the optimal strategy for the development of 6–10 kV distribution electrical grids in the Western region of Ukraine.
Forming of the properties of an alloy on a Co-Cr-basis using casting-deformation technology
Authors: Volochko A. T. , Izobello A. Yu. , Bilenko E. G. , Smozhevskiy I. I. , Gusarov S. V.
Published: April 2019

The article describes the method of obtaining a special medical alloy based on Co-Cr, which is also used to create implants for large joints of a man (hip and knee). The analysis of the optimal relationship between the alloy components is carried out. Also in this article the results of investigations of technological plasticity, microstructure, phase composition of samples from alloy are presented. Co-Cr analysis, subjected to longitudinal draft and extrusion.
Some aspects of structure formation in sintering process between cuprum fibers and Zn
Authors: Shcherbakou V. G.
Published: April 2019

The article reveals some aspects of structure formation between cuprum fibers and Zn in fluidized powder mixture. It was established that diffusion saturation of cuprum fibers with Zn leads to formation of diffusion layer with decreased melting temperature. The presence of high concentrated Zn zones on the top of the each separate fiber results in improved compactability and sintering temperature in that of high importance in production of porous filter materials.
Influence of heat cycling conditions in the additive manufacturing of stainless steel and al-si alloy raw parts on their microstructure
Authors: Pobol I. L. , Bakinovski A. A. , Stepankova M. K. , Burin A. N. , Gubko A. D.
Published: April 2019

The microstructure of samples of austenitic stainless steel and Al-Si alloy, obtained by the wire based additive method under various conditions was investigated. The effect of the beam current, the deposition intervals and the electron beam post-processing on the microstructure is shown.
Export of foundry and metallurgical products from Belarus, Russia and Ukraine to the European Union
Authors: Nikolaichik Yu. A. , Sobolev V. E.
Published: April 2019

The European Union is one of the main trade partners of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. The export operations between these countries and EU of some items of foundry and metallurgy according to Harmonized Commodity Description (HCD – Group 72 «Iron and Steel») in 2010–2017 was analyzed. The information of three biggest export countries to EU is given on every of the abovementioned positions of HCD. Analysis of trends and variations of export from Belarus, Russia and Ukraine and some conclusions are given in the article.
Joint extraction of nitrate ions and of iron ions by the filter material obtained on base of steel slag
Authors: Panasyugin A. S. , Teran A. I. , Grigor’ev S. A. , Anufriev V. N. , Tsyganov A. R. , Masherova N. P.
Published: April 2019

The extraction of Fe3+ ions and ion nitrate from aquatic solutions by a material obtained on the base of steel slag is studied in the article.

The residual content of Fe3+ ions in the dynamic filtration mode decreased from 0.19 mg/dm3 to 0.08 mg/dm3.
Improvement of efficiency of use of liquid-glass mixtures. Part 4. Combined strengthening
Authors: Krutilin A. N. , Huminski Yu. Yu. , Rusevich O. A. , Kulbitskaya L. V.
Published: April 2019

Technological methods applied for intensification liquid-glass mixture hardening process are described. Influence of physical and chemical processes at liquid-glass mixtures technological properties are examined. The application of combined methods of hardening the mixture is proposed, as well as examples of such technological processes are given. The effect of combined methods on the technological properties of the mixture is described. The need for more hard research in this area is justified
The performance properties of chromium cast irons with different degree of eutectic
Authors: Marukovich E. I. , Ilyushenko V. M. , Korotkin G. P. , Duvalov P. Yu. , Andrienko V. M. , Baranouski K. E.
Published: April 2019

The influence of carbon and the type of forms on the wear resistance, hardness and strength of samples from chromium iron made of ИЧХ18ВМ cast iron was investigated. The analysis of the structural structure of the samples of cast iron ИЧХ18ВМ depending on the type of shape and amount of carbon was made. It is established that regardless of the type of forms with increasing carbon content the formation of large primary carbides is observed, and then the emergence of particularly large trigonal carbides in a hypereutectic iron was confirmed. It is shown that regardless of the type of forms the formation and growth of carbides are influenced by such factors as an increase in the carbon content and the rate of solidification. A comparison was made between the hardness, strength, and wear resistance of samples obtained at different heat exchange and solidification rates.
Tribological properties of friction composites modified by the suspended particles of exhaust flue gases
Authors: Akhmetov T. A. , Merinov V. K. , Kargapolova N. V.
Published: April 2019

The possibility of using the deposited suspended particles of electric arc furnaces as heat-resistant modifying additives for friction composites is considered. It is shown that the precipitated particles obtained during the smelting of steel of different grades have identical morphology and are a homogeneous mechanical mixture consisting mainly of spherical particles of no more than 1 µm in size.It is established that the composites on the basis of the fluoropolymer, modified by precipitated particles obtained in the smelting of steel of various sizes have different tribological properties. This is due to the difference in the chemical composition of the deposited particles.It was found that the use of deposited particles in composite materials allows to vary the value of the dynamic friction coefficient in a wider range, in particular to obtain higher and stable values, while the wear resistance of modified friction composites is more than 500 times higher than the same index of the matrix polymer – polytetrafluoroethylene.
The experience of modernization of mills of wet wire drawing for the metal wire cord
Authors: Demidov A. V. , Muraveiko I. A.
Published: April 2019

There is a tendency in recent years to use by the world’s leading manufacturers of tires metal wires of small diameter (0,175– 0,20 mm) with higher strength, which requires the use of increased total number of extracts on wet drawing. The possibility of increasing the compression can be limited not only by the ductility of the processed metal, but also by the design of the existing drawing mills, in particular, by the insufficient total passport kinematic drawing and, as a consequence, to the excessive sliding of the wire relative to the drawing washers. Results of modernization of mills of different types including increase in number of transitions of drawing to 28 with decrease in private and increase in total passport extracts at the expense of installation of additional drawing washers of small diameter and additional reducing dies are considered. The results show that the positive effect of the improvement of some technological parameters can be offset by the deterioration of other factors. It is shown that the mills with three pairs of drawing cones have more opportunities for this modernization than similar mills, but with two pairs of cones. The criterion of estimation of influence of sizes of drawing washers on plastic properties of a wire for a metal cord based on experience of operation of mills with different construction of kinematics is offered.
The influence of nitrogen content on the amount of austenite in the structure of the deposited coatings obtained from diffusionsgleichung shavings of steel Р6M5
Authors: Stefanovich V. A. , Borisov S. V. , Stefanovich A. V.
Published: April 2019

The article presents the results on the structure formation of deposited coatings obtained from steel chips P6M5 subjected to diffusion nitrogen-carbon doping. It was found that the diffusion doping with nitrogen-carbon steel chip waste P6M5 carbon content in them varies between 1.75–3.14%, nitrogen – 0.43–1.24%. The phase composition includes phases: a-Fe, M6C, Fe3C, (Cr, Fe)2N1–x, Fe3N, Cr0.63C0.35N0.03, M4(C, N) depending on the temperature and time of diffusion doping. When surfacing these materials in the deposited coating contains carbide-forming elements 8,6–9,3%, carbon 1,04–1,94%, nitrogen 0,08–0,25%. The structure consists of carbide M23S6, martensite and austenite, while the content of austenite in dendrites can reach 70–90%. It is shown that nitrogen doping of the deposited coatings obtained from steel chips P6M5, subjected to saturation with nitrogen-carbon, more effectively increases the amount of austenite in the structure than alloying the deposited coatings with nitrogen ferroalloys.
Assessment of influence of input method of modifying additive in the coating of electrode on their welding-technological properties and mechanical properties of the weld metal
Authors: Urbanovich N. I. , Bendik T. I. , Baranovsky K. E. , Rozenberg E. V.
Published: April 2019

A comparative analysis and assessment of the impact of the method of introducing the modifying additive in the form of dispersed and ultrafine particles into the electrode coating on their welding-technological properties and mechanical properties of the weld metal is carried out. It has been established that a modifying additive containing such chemical elements as barium, strontium, potassium, silicon, aluminum, vanadium is a mixture of stable alkaline-earth metal compounds in the form of carbonates and is inserted into the coating of the electrodes by applying its dry mixture into the composition prior to their crimping, allows to improve the welding-technological characteristics of the electrode and grind the structure of the weld metal, which contributes to the improvement of its mechanical properties particularly ductility.
The return of the dispersed metal waste into production
Authors: Rovin S. L , Kalinichenko A. S. , Rovin L. E.
Published: April 2019

The article presents an alternative method of recycling of dispersed metal waste, based on a continuous solid-liquid-phase process, implemented in rotary tilting furnaces (RTF). The new proposed method of recycling allows processing wastes with almost any composition and state from metal to oxide and multicomponent wastes (shavings, fine scrap, mill scale, aspiration dust, sludge, etc.). The wastes can be even contaminated with moisture, oil, and organic impurities. The method developed does not require preliminary preparation of the initial materials (cleaning, homogenization, pelletizing, etc.). The finished products are ingots (pigs) for subsequent processing aiming the particular chemical composition or cast alloys of certain brend.
Development of actions on optimization of chemical composition of carburized steel grade 16MnCrS5 to eliminate the causes of the growth of large austenite grains
Authors: Kovaleva I. A. , Ovchinnikova I. A. , Stefanovitch S. V.
Published: April 2019

The problem of friction, wear of machine parts and cutting tools, the need to increase the life of machines makes the task of creating new high-performance, energy-saving technologies of hardening one of the main in engineering. In mechanical engineering, the problem of improving the physical, mechanical and operational properties in thin surface layers (~10 microns) of such parts as shafts, gears, measuring tools, drills, cylinders of internal combustion engines, etc. is important. Currently, these tasks are often solved by applying reinforcing coatings. Cementation is economical. The technology of cemented steels smelting, which is currently used by metallurgical plants, does not ensure stable production of fine-grained structure in products. At the same time, the capacity of machines and units are growing, and to obtain parts that can withstand higher loads while maintaining their overall dimensions, new steel grades are needed. The complexity of the configuration of gears with a thin tooth and a massive sleeve, and the need for minimal warping make heat treatment as difficult and responsible as a complex tool, such as shaped cutters. Therefore, for the manufacture of gears you want to assign steel with small hereditary grain size. In this article we will focus on the development and production of cemented steel in the conditions of OJSC «BSW – Management Company of Holding «BMC», in particular, the steel brand 16MnCrS5 commissioned by the European manufacturer of gearboxes and motors. To determine the grain size of the metal must be subjected to special types of processing for the manifestation of certain characteristics. These results allow us to draw conclusions about the need to adjust the chemical composition of steel grade 16MnCrS5 by introducing a system of modifying elements, which will reduce the tendency of steel to overheating, therefore, reduce the size of austenitic grains. On the basis of the revealed regularities on the influence of carbide-forming elements, a further system of steel modification is determined, which includes a complex of elements V, Nb, Ti.
Research of the influence of highcarbon steel wire drawing speed on stresses and deformations on wire cross section
Authors: Bobarikin Yu. L. , Martyanov Yu. V.
Published: April 2019

The parameters of wire production affecting the distribution of residual stresses and strains on the wire cross section are considered. It is determined that the modes of coarse drawing can affect the complex of mechanical properties of thin wire due to the uneven distribution of equivalent stresses and strains. The rough drawing speed is chosen as the investigated parameter.

The effect of the coarse drawing rate of high-carbon steel wire on the distribution of equivalent residual stresses and strains over the wire cross section is studied by numerical simulation of wire drawing at different speeds by the finite element method. The values of equivalent residual stresses for the selected drawing route along the wire cross-section zones are determined. The analysis of the equivalent stress distribution over the wire cross section is made.

It is shown that the increase in the speed of coarse drawing increases the uniformity of the distribution of equivalent residual stresses, does not have a negative effect on the deformed state of the wire, increases the absolute values of equivalent residual stresses, slightly reduces the absolute values of residual deformations.
The development of production technology of wire rod from chromium-nickel-molibdenum steel grades with subsequent annealing spheroidization
Authors: Аudzeyey S. V.
Published: April 2019

The peculiarity of the rod of chromium-nickel-molybdenum steel grades, used in the production of fasteners and automotive components by cold forming, are the high requirements for the quality of the surface, microstructure and physical and mechanical properties.

In the process of development of production technology were developed and implemented measures to minimize the identified design features of heat treatment furnaces, and developed methods for obtaining the most optimal primary hot-rolled metal microstructure for further spheroidizing annealing

In industrial conditions OJSC «BSW – Management Company of Holding «BMC» was mastered the most optimal regimes of heat treatment of wire rod from chromium-nickel-molybdenum steel grades, which required the consumer a full range of physical and mechanical properties of wire rod from steel grades 38ХНГМ, 40XH2MA and 41Х1 used further in the manufacture of fasteners and automotive components by cold forging.