bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of inflammation-related genes and exploration of regulatory mechanisms in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Li Tong , Huang Cheng , Ma Jinhui , Ding Ran , Zhang Qidong , Wang Weiguo
Published: April 2022

Background:
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a systemic and disabling orthopedic disease. If left untreated, it can lead to hip joint damage and dysfunction, ultimately affecting quality of life. Previous studies have suggested that infiltration of immune cells significantly impacts the occurrence and development of ONFH. In this study, GSE123568 dataset with control and steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) samples were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected by limma R package and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to explore the co-expression genes and co-expression modules. We obtained inflammation-related genes (IRGs) from the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB). Then, the IRGs associated with SONFH (IRGs-SONFH) were screened out and analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database, and hub genes were identified by the MCODE algorithms. Based on the hub genes, we constructed a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network.
Results:
We identified 535 DEGs between control and SONFH samples. The WGCNA clearly indicated that the brown module was most significantly associated with SONFH. We identified 25 IRGs-SONFH through WGCNA module genes, DEGs and IRGs. GO analysis mainly included response to molecule of bacterial origin, neutrophil activation, membrane microdomain, membrane raft, amide binding, and peptide binding. KEGG pathways mostly included lipid and atherosclerosis, tuberculosis, and neutrophil extracellular trap formation. A total of 4 hub genes (CD14, CYBB, NOD2, and TLR1) were identified by cytoscape. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis determined that the expressions of the four genes could distinguish SONFH from controls as evidenced by the area under the curve (AUC) all greater than 0.7. Finally, we constructed a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network which included 67 lncRNAs, 1 miRNA (hsa-miR-320a), and 1 mRNA (NOD2).
Conclusions:
Our study identified 4 hub genes as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of SONFH. Moreover, we proposed a ceRNA network of lncRNAs targeting hsa-miR-320a, hsa-miR-320a, and NOD2 as a potential RNA regulatory pathway that control disease progression in ONFH.
A Modified Delphi Approach to Determine Current Treatment Advances for the Development of a Resuscitation Program for Maternal Cardiac Arrest
Authors: SHIELDS Andrea D. , BATTISTELLI Jacqueline D. , THOMSON Brook A. , NIELSEN Peter E. , Kavanagh Laurie
Published: April 2022

Objective Maternal cardiac arrest is a rare and complex process requiring pregnancy-specific responses and techniques. The goals of this study were to (1) identify, evaluate, and determine the most current best practices to treat this patient population and (2) establish a standardized set of guidelines to serve as a foundation for a future educational simulation-based curriculum. Study Design We used a three-step modified Delphi process to achieve consensus. Twenty-two healthcare experts from across North America agreed to participate in the expert panel. In round 1, twelve pregnancy-specific best practice statements were distributed to the expert panel. Panelists anonymously ranked these using a 7-point Likert scale and provided feedback. Round 2 consisted of a face-to-face consensus meeting where statements that had not already achieved consensus were discussed and then subsequently and voted upon by the panelists. Results Through two rounds, we achieved consensus on nine evidence-based pregnancy-specific techniques to optimize response to maternal cardiac arrest. Round one resulted in one of the twelve best practice statements achieving consensus. Round two resulted in six of the remaining twelve gaining consensus. Best practice techniques involved use of point-of care ultrasound, resuscitative cesarean delivery, cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques, and the use of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Conclusion The results of this study provide the foundation to develop an optimal, long-term strategy to treat cardiac arrest in pregnancy. We propose these nine priorities for standard practice, curricula, and guidelines to treat maternal cardiac arrest and hope they serve as a foundation for a future educational curriculum.
Examining the Impact of Political Stability on Stock Price Crash Risk: Evidence from China
Authors: Chuan Lin , Sindakis Stavros , Theodorou Panagiotis
Published: April 2022

Political uncertainty has become an essential factor affecting the development of the substantial economy in recent years. It has also become a focal issue debated in the macroeconomic and microfinance circles. Apparently, in China, which is currently coexisting with transitioning and emerging markets, on the one hand, regular replacement of local government officials, the current administrative system coexists with an irregular replacement for various reasons. This paper empirically tests the influence of political uncertainty on the risk of stock price crashes based on the annual sample of 9,091 Chinese listed companies from 2007 to 2020. The empirical results suggest that corporate share price crash risk is lower when faced with political uncertainty. We further find that the inhibitory effect of political uncertainty on the risk of a stock price crash does not take effect until a new official takes office about a year or so. Moreover, officials who took office from a different place, especially new officials transferred by provincial departments, significantly reduce the risk of stock price crashes within their jurisdiction. Meanwhile, the abnormal departure of outgoing officials increases the risk of the stock prices crash of enterprises in their jurisdiction.
Effects of herdsmen's reduction of livestock on the balance between pasture and livestock
Authors: Chu Liqi , Zhang Tongyue , pi xiaofang
Published: April 2022

The ecological status of the grassland is not only closely related to the survival and development of all ethnic groups in China's pastoral areas but also related to the ecological security of North China, Northeast China, and even the whole country. This paper integrates the livestock reduction policy, local government and micro-herders into the same analysis framework and takes the implementation of the " A New Round of Subsidy and Incentive System for Grassland Conservation (2016–2020)"(NSISGC) as a quasi-natural experiment to investigate the influence of changes in the motivation of different herders to reduce livestock on the realization of grass-livestock balance by using a difference-in-difference model. The results indicate that: With the promulgation and implementation of a new round of Subsidy Policy, the local government's ecological governance motivation has been fully stimulated, and the phenomenon that sample herders have not reduced their livestock due to the supervision and protection of local governments has been significantly reduced or even disappeared, and the probability of achieving their household grass-livestock balance in their families has increased remarkably. However, at the same time, there are still a small number of herdsmen who have not reduced their livestock due to inadequate supervision by local governments. Further analysis found that the "one-size-fits-all" livestock reduction policy has promoted the realization of grass and livestock balance in the short term, but the promotion effect of structural livestock reduction in the long term is more obvious. The livestock reduction policy is more effective in maintaining the balance of grass and livestock in meadow steppe and desert steppe, while alpine steppe is not suitable.
Molecular Imaging (PET and SPECT) for Children with Hypoxic-ischemic-encephalopathy and Cerebral Palsy before and after cell therapy.
Authors: Nakatake Toshinobu , Nabetani Makoto , Yutaka Nanae , Suzuki Kaho , Hazama Ryoichi , Ohnishi Satoshi , Hamazaki Takashi , Shintaku Haruo , Goldman Ran D
Published: April 2022

Glucose metabolism has been the focus of research in order to understand pathological conditions associated with diseases such as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic-encephalopathy (HIE), cerebral palsy (CP) and cerebral infarction.[Objective] To evaluate the use of molecular imaging (SPECT and PET) for children with HIE and CP before and after cell therapy, and to propose future perspectives on the use of those modalities for assessment of brain function in children with these conditions.[Methods] PubMed search for studies using PET or SPECT scans for HIE and CP in children.[Results] We identified 18 PET and 17 SPECT studies that have been performed in cases under age of 19 over the past three decades (1991–2021). Six papers on PET use consisted of one with human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stromal cells, one mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells, three autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells and one allogeneic umbilical cord blood. 4/6 papers reported that PET-CT scan revealed increased glucose metabolism and 1/6 showed no significant change in glucose metabolism after cell therapy. One article on SPECT reported that 2/5 cases had improvement of cerebral perfusion in the thalamus after treatment.[Discussion] SPECT in the first few weeks of life is useful and more sensitive than MRI in predicting major neurological disability. SPECT is not appropriate for neonates because of the risk of radiation, improvement of other clinical test equipment. PET studies reported high glucose metabolism in the early neonatal periods in children with mild to moderate HIE, but not in the most severe cases, including those neonates that died.We suggested that PET could be more useful tool to estimate effectiveness of stem cell therapy than SPECT.[Conclusion] PET might be a good clinical modalities to clarify mechanism of stem cell therapy for CP. We need further clinical studies to clarify more precisely.
Prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the north of Iran
Authors: Arani Reyhane Hizomi , fakhri farima , Tabiee Mohammad Naeimi , Talebi Fatemeh , Talebi Zahra , Rashidi Negin , Zahedi Maryam
Published: April 2022

Background: Purpose: This study intended to investigate the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Gorgan, North of Iran.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 415 (109 men) patients with T2DM referred to Gorgan Diabetes Clinic in 2021. Demographic information was collected and some laboratory tests such as cell counts, serum blood glucose, creatinine, lipid and iron profiles, and urinary albumin were performed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to compute odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for potential associated factors, using SPSS version 21.Results: The prevalence of anemia was about 21% among our participants. The adjusted model revealed that obesity (OR, 1.94 [95% CI, 1.17-1.23]), T2DM duration for more than five years (OR, 3.12 [CI, 1.78-5.47]), albuminuria (OR, 6.37 [CI, 3.13-10.91]), chronic kidney disease (OR, 4.30 [CI, 2.83-8.29]) and high triglycerides (OR, 1.72 [CI, 1.21-2.77]) were significantly associated with anemia among patients with T2DM. Moreover, using insulin both with (OR, 2.60 [CI, 1.42-6.42]) and without (OR, 1.87 [CI, 1.30-4.37]) oral glucose-lowering medications had a positive association with prevalence of anemia among our participants.Conclusion: Anemia had a high prevalence among patients with T2DM in the north of Iran which is associated with obesity and hypertriglyceridemia, duration and severity of T2DM, and diabetic kidney disease.
In vivo and in vitro aging of common carp Cyprinus carpio sperm after multiple hormonal application and stripping of males
Authors: Zhang S.P. , Cheng Yu , Linhartová Zuzana , Tučková Vladimíra , Shazada Nururshopa Eskander , Wu Qing , Linhart O.
Published: April 2022

The present study on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) sperm was designed to evaluate changes in sperm phenotypic variables during multiple sperm stripping with sperm storage: a) in vivo and b) in vitro. Similar males were multiple injected with carp pituitary (CP) 3 times 3 days apart. Sperm were stored in vivo in the body cavity for 0.5 days (fresh sperm) and 3 days (old sperm) after CP application, then sperm were collected and diluted with a carp extender 1:1 and stored in vitro on ice for 0, 3 and 6 days. In general, fresh sperm from the first stripping had slightly better quality and quantity than old sperm from the second and third stripping, especially in the phenotypic parameters of number of total spermatozoa and number of total motile spermatozoa (P < 0.05). The highest kinetic and quantitative sperm variables were obtained in fresh and old sperm just after sperm collection at 0 days and then they decreased during in vitro sperm storage up to 6 days (P < 0.05). The fertilization, hatching and malformation rates from fresh sperm were similar compared with the old sperm. From the first stripping, fresh sperm, even stored for 6 days in vitro, showed fertility, hatching and malformations at 92.5%, 91.5% and 1.3%, respectively. Multiple hormonal treatments with multiple male stripping together with 0.5 days of in vivo sperm storage followed by 6 days of in vitro storage are methods that can be recommended for use in common carp aquaculture.
NFT-MPDATA based LES and ILES simulations of free-jets
Authors: Szmelter Joanna , Kuan Tzuo Wei It , Cocetta Francesco
Published: April 2022

A systematic numerical study was performed to investigate the influence of subgrid-scale (SGS) treatments on the simulation of turbulent free-jets. Large eddy simulations (LES) of such flows were performed to assess the accuracy of two SGS approaches: the detached eddy simulation (DES) and the dynamic Smagorinsky model (DSM). The numerical scheme based on the Non-oscillatory Forward-in-Time (NFT) and Multidimensional Positive Definite Advection Transport Algorithm (MPDATA) was employed to integrate the Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible flows. MPDATA due to its self-regularisation property is used to implicitly provide SGS effects. Two options of implicit LES (ILES) are investigated: ILES-NS, which solves the Navier-Stokes equations without an explicit SGS model, and ILES-EU that solves the Euler equations where viscous terms are absent. The performance of each approach was evaluated focusing on key global characteristics of jets, self-similar properties, and energy spectra. Quantitative and qualitative comparisons showed that all simulations were in good agreement with laboratory experiments, prior numerical studies, and each other, thus confirming the validity of the numerical approach and suitability of ILES for this class of flows. Additionally, energy spectra analysis revealed that ILES can reproduce the −5/3 and −7 gradients that signify the universal inertia subrange and dissipation range for turbulent free-jets.
High-precision tracking control of linear motor driven system using nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control with synthetic nonlinear force compensation
Authors: Lin Xiankun , Yang Jiawei , Li Weidong
Published: April 2022

Although a permanent magnetic synchronous linear motor driven system using nonsingular fast terminal (NFT) sliding mode control (SMC) has exhibited good robustness in system stability maintenance, it tends to suffer tracking accuracy reduction due to disturbance of thrust ripple derived from both nonlinear friction along the stroke and nonlinear magnetic circuit of the motor. A NFT-SMC based control scheme with synthetic nonlinear disturbance force compensation for the driven system is presented to enhance its tracking precision. A theoretical analysis of tracking accuracy reduction due to disturbance forces under the SMC control is conducted on the basis of a dynamics model and the sliding mode surface for the system. A synthetic model based on Stribeck model and Fourier series is adopted to recognize the behavior of the thrust ripple induced by the double nonlinear factors. The method for parameters determination in recognition of the synthetic model is given in light of the differences between the measured tracking errors and the theoretical counterparts under NFT-SMC. Then the modified NFT-SMC scheme with the recognition model as a compensator is designed to restrain the influence due to the disturbances. The feasibility of the control scheme is verified both in a simulation system and on an experimental platform. Comparative experimental results demonstrate good performance of the presented controller in tracking precision enhancement in contrast to both feed forward PID and some recent existing SMC methods.
What works best in promoting climate citizenship? A randomised, systematic evaluation of nudge, think, boost and nudge+
Authors: Banerjee Sanchayan , Galizzi Matteo , John Peter , Mourato Susana
Published: April 2022

Nudges have been increasingly deployed to deliver climate policies in the last decade. Recent evidence shows nudges are hard to scale–up. So can we use nudges more effectively, or should we rely on other tools of behaviour change? We argue that reflective strategies can enhance nudges by encouraging agency and ownership in citizens. We test this by systematically comparing nudges to reflective interventions like thinks, boosts, and nudge+ over orders of low-carbon meals using an online experiment with 3,074 participants in the United Kingdom. We find all behavioural interventions increase intentions for climate-friendly diets, but encouraging reflection prior to nudging (“nudge+”) strengthens these treatment effects. There is no evidence of negative behavioural spillovers as measured by participants’ donations to pro-social charities. There is potential for reflective policies in promoting climate citizenship.
Factors associated with spontaneous vaginal birth in nulliparous women at term: a systematic review
Authors: Kearney Lauren , Rachael Nugent , Rebecca Shipstone , John Thompson , Jane Maher , Kendall George , Anna Robins , Fiona Bogossian
Published: April 2022

Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to identify the factors associated with spontaneous vaginal birth at term, in nulliparous women with singleton pregnancy.Data sources: Nine databases were searched PubMed, MEDLINE Complete (EBSCO), Scopus, CINAHL Complete (EBSCO), Embase (Elsevier), Maternity and Infant Care (Ovid), Emcare (Ovid), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL which includes ClinicalTrials.gov) with dates extending from inception to 16 July 2021Methods of Study Selection: Quantitative studies of all designs, published in English, of nulliparous women with a singleton pregnancy and cephalic presentation, who experienced a spontaneous vaginal birth (SVB) at term were included. Covidence was used to manage citation screening and full text review. Two reviewers undertook quality appraisal and RCTs with high risk of bias (ROB 2.0) and other designs (QATSDD) scoring ≤ 50% were excluded.Tabulation, Integration, and Results: Data was abstracted from 78 studies (31 RCTs, 33 cohort, 9 cross-sectional, 4 prevalence and 2 case control) and factors associated with SVB were categorised as maternal, clinical care and fetal to synthesise findings. There was strong evidence to support interventions to address maternal BMI, birth intentions and fear of childbirth as well as childbirth education, breathing and exercise interventions in the antenatal period and midwifery models of care to increase SVB in nulliparas. Findings did not support routine induction as a means to promote SVB, but the relationship between maternal pelvic anatomy and fetal positioning and strategies to optimise labour progression emerged as promising areas for further research.Conclusion: How women give birth the first time is important, and this review highlights key domains where evidence synthesis can guide improvements in care and direct future research.
Volcano effect in chemotactic aggregation and an extended Keller-Segel model
Authors: YASUDA Shugo
Published: April 2022

Aggregation of chemotactic bacteria under a unimodal distribution of chemical cues was investigated by Monte Carlo simulation and asymptotic analysis based on a kinetic transport equation, which considers an internal adaptation dynamics as well as a finite tumbling duration.
It was found that there exist two different regimes of the adaptation time, between which the effect of the adaptation time on the aggregation behavior is reversed; that is, when the adaptation time is as small as the running duration, the aggregation becomes increasingly steeper as the adaptation time increases, while, when the adaptation time is as large as the diffusion time of the population density, the aggregation becomes more diffusive as the adaptation time increases. Moreover, notably, the aggregation profile becomes bimodal (volcano) at the large adaptation-time regime while it is always unimodal at the small adaptation-time regime. The volcano effect occurs in such a way that the population of tumbling cells considerably decreases in a diffusion layer which is created near the peak of the external chemical cues due to the coupling of diffusion and internal adaptation of the bacteria.
Two different continuum-limit models are derived by the asymptotic analysis according to the scaling of the adaptation time; that is, at the small adaptation-time regime, the Keller-Segel model while, at the large adaptation-time regime, an extension of KS model, which involves both the internal variable and the tumbling duration. Importantly, either of the models can accurately reproduce the MC results at each adaptation-time regime, involving the volcano effect. Thus, we conclude that the coupling of diffusion, adaptation, and finite tumbling duration is crucial for the volcano effect.
Gamma-secretase inhibitor does not induce cytotoxicity in adult T cell leukemia cell lines despite NOTCH1 overexpression
Authors: Suzuki Shinsuke , Hourai Sawako , Uozumi Kimiharu , Uchida Yuichirou , Yoshimitsu Makoto , Miho Hachiman , Arima Naomichi , Ueno Shin-ichi , Ishitsuka Kenji
Published: April 2022

Background: Activated mutations in Notch homolog 1, translocation-associated (Drosophila; NOTCH1) are driver oncogenes of T-cell type acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. The γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI), which suppresses the function of NOTCH1, is expected to be a molecular-targeted agent. NOTCH1 is also expressed in other malignant neoplasms. We aimed to determine the function of NOTCH1 expression and the effects of GSI on adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) caused by long-term human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1) infection. Methods: We analyzed active NOTCH1 in six ATL and HTLV-1-infected cell lines and investigated the influence of activated NOTCH1 together with GSI on cell proliferation. Results: Activated NOTCH1 found in ATL and HTLV-1-infected cell lines was undetectable after incubation with GSI, regardless of whether the contactin gene Tax, which encodes HTLV-1 protein, was expressed. Whole exome sequencing revealed that activated NOTCH1 mutations were undetectable in six cell lines infected with ATL and HTLV-1 regardless of abundant NOTCH1 expression. Moreover, GSI did not suppress the growth of ATL cell lines. Conclusions: These findings suggested that NOTCH1 protein is constitutively activated, but is likely a passenger during NOTCH1 mutation negative ATL cell proliferation.
A Composite Position Control of Flexible Lower Limb Exoskeleton Based on Second-order Sliding Mode
Authors: Sun Zhenxing , Zhu Jinghao , Li Shenghui
Published: April 2022

Aiming at the problem that the trajectory tracking error of flexible lower limb exoskeleton robot is too large under the condition of external disturbance and parameters uncertainty, a composite position control method based on second-order sliding mode was proposed. Firstly, the flexible lower limb exoskeleton robot is modeled by Lagrange function. Secondly, considering that the system is affected not only by matched disturbance but also by unmatched disturbance, two finite time state observers are used to observe and compensate the two disturbances in real time. In the position control part, the super twisting algorithm is used to ensure the trajectory tracking error of knee joint converging to zero in finite time. Eventually, the stability of the proposed control strategy is proved by the Lyapunov function. The experimental results show that the proposed control strategy has more accurate trajectory tracking effect and robustness than the traditional PD control and sliding mode control, which indicates the superiority of the proposed control strategy.
Machinablity analysis and optimisation of process paramater in the turining of Inconel 718 alloy using multi criteria decision making method: A comparative study
Authors: Zhou Qian , Sivalingam Vinothkumar , Pandiyan Karthik , Kumar Ganesh , Sun Jie
Published: April 2022

Manufacturing sectors strive towards low-toxic, environmentally friendly machining to combat climate change. Due to its low heat conductivity, machining Inconel 718 alloy is a difficult process nowadays. The purpose of this research is to investigate the turning of Inconel 718 alloy under PVD TiAlN inserts in two distinct environments: dry and atomized spray cutting fluid (ASCF). The effect of various machining performance such as surface roughness(Ra), vibration acceleration (VA), and tool life (TL) analysis of Inconel 718 alloy in ecologically friendly machining were investigated in this study. Further, Multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) was used to find best optimal process settings: TOPAIS (Technique for Ordering Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution), CODAS (Combinative Distance-Based Assessment Technique), and EDAS (Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution) are three techniques for evaluating performance by similarity to ideal solution. In an ASCF setting, the MCDM approach yields comparable results with an ideal cutting speed (vc) of 50 m/min, feed rate (f) of 0.15 mm/rev, and depth of cut (ap) of 0.4mm. In contrast to dry machining, ASCF machining yielded a 17–34% improvement in surface quality. In dry circumstances, the crater and chipping processes were obvious in the rake face, although less wear was noticed in ASCF machining. Because the thermal conductivity of cutting fluids is improved by microscopic droplets of ASCF, rapid heat dissipated from the machining zone.
Prehabilitation of elderly frail or pre-frail patients prior to elective surgery (PRAEP-GO): study protocol for a randomized, controlled, outcome-assessor blinded trial
Authors: Schaller Stefan J , Kiselev Jörn , Loidl Verena , Quentin Wilm , Schmidt Katrin , Mörgeli Rudolf , Rombey Tanja , Busse Reinhard , Mansmann Ulrich , Spies Claudia
Published: April 2022

Background
Frailty is accompanied with a reduced physical capacity, mobility, muscle strength and endurance. (Pre-)Frailty is present in an older surgical population in up to 50% with an increased risk for peri- and post-surgical complications. Consequently, these patients often suffer from a delayed or diminished recovery, loss of autonomy and quality of life, as well as a decrease of functional and cognitive capacity. As frailty is modifiable, we hypothesize that prehabilitation is able to improve the physiological reserves of surgical patients ≥ 70 years old and reduce the care dependency 12 months postoperatively.
Methods
Patients ≥ 70 years old scheduled for elective surgery or intervention will be investigated in this multicentre, randomized controlled study. We aim at including 1400 participants in our study with an allocation ratio of 1:1. The intervention consists of (1) a shared decision-making process with an interdisciplinary and interprofessional shared decision making conference as well as (2) a 3-week multimodal prehabilitation program including exercise therapy, nutritional intervention, mobility and balance training as well as psychosocial interventions and medical assessment. Frequency of the prehabilitation is 5 times / week for 3 weeks. The primary endpoint is defined as level of care dependency 12 months after surgery or intervention.
Discussion
Prehabilitation has been proven to be effective for different patient populations, including colorectal, transplant, and cardiac surgery, among other. In contrast, evidence for prehabilition in older, frail patients is not established yet. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest study on prehabilitation for older people with frailty in a general elective surgery patient cohort.
Trial registration:
Clinical Trials. NCT04418271. Registered 5 June 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04418271), Universal Trial Number (UTN): U1111-1253-4820
Systemically administered wound-homing peptide accelerates wound healing by modulating syndecan-4 function
Authors: Savage Bryan , Maldonado Horacio , May Ulrike , Vähätupa Maria , Barker H. , Badiani Rahul , Wolanska Katarzyna , Turner Craig , Pemmari Toini , Ketomaki Tuomo , Prince Stuart , Humphries Martin , Ruoslahti Erkki , Morgan Mark , Järvinen Tero
Published: April 2022

CAR (CARSKNKDC) is a wound-homing peptide that recognises angiogenic neovessels. Here we discover that systemically administered CAR peptide has an inherent ability to promote wound healing; wounds close and re-epithelialise faster in CAR-treated mice. CAR promotes keratinocyte migration in vitro. Syndecan-4 (SDC4) is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan that regulates cell migration and is crucial for wound healing. We report that SDC4 expression is restricted to epidermis and blood vessels in skin wounds. SDC4 regulates cell binding and internalisation of CAR peptide and CAR-mediated cytoskeletal remodelling. CAR induces SDC4-dependent activation of the small GTPase Arf6 (ARF6) and promotes SDC4- and ARF6-mediated keratinocyte migration. Finally, we show that genetic ablation of SDC4 in mice eliminates CAR-induced wound re-epithelialisation following systemic administration. We propose that CAR peptide activates SDC4 function to selectively promote re-epithelialisation. Thus, CAR peptide provides an entirely new therapeutic approach to enhance wound healing; systemic, yet target organ- and cell-specific.
Do intentions lead to action? Results of a longitudinal study assessing determinants of Tdap vaccine uptake during pregnancy in Quebec, Canada
Authors: Dubé Eve , Trottier Marie-Eve , Vivion Maryline , Ouakki Manale , Brousseau Nicholas , Guay Maryse , Laghdir Zineb , Boucoiran Isabelle , Tapiéro Bruce , Quach Caroline
Published: April 2022

Background: In Canada, vaccination against pertussis (Tdap) during pregnancy has been recommended since 2018, with suboptimal uptake. We aimed to assess the determinants of intention and uptake of Tdap vaccine among pregnant women in Quebec.Methods: Participants (<21 weeks of pregnancy) were recruited in four Quebec regions. Two online surveys were administered during pregnancy (<21 weeks and >35 weeks). One measured vaccination intention and the other assessed the actual decision. Questionnaires were informed by the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). We used logistic multivariate analysis to identify determinants of Tdap vaccination uptake during pregnancy using responses to both questionnaires.Results: A total of 741 women answered the first survey and 568 (76.4%), the second survey. In the first survey most participants intended to receive the Tdap vaccine during their pregnancy (76.3%) and in the second survey, 82.4% reported having been vaccinated against Tdap during their pregnancy. In multivariate analysis, the main determinants of vaccine uptake were: a recommendation from a healthcare provider (OR=7.6), vaccine intention (OR=6.12), social norms (or thinking that most pregnant women will be vaccinated(OR=3.81), recruitment site ( OR= 3.61 for General Family Medicine unit) perceived behavioral control (or low perceived barriers to access vaccination services, (OR=2.32) and anticipated feeling of guilt if not vaccinated (OR=2.13). Safety concerns were the main reason for not intending or not receiving the vaccine during pregnancy. Conclusion: We observed high vaccine acceptance and uptake of pertussis vaccine in pregnancy. The core components of the TPB (intention, social norms and perceived behavioral control) were all predictors of vaccine uptake, but our multivariate analysis also showed that other determinants were influential: being sufficiently informed about Tdap vaccination, not having vaccine safety concerns, and anticipated regret if unvaccinated. To ensure high vaccine acceptance and uptake in pregnancy, strong recommendations by trusted healthcare providers and ease of access to vaccination services remain instrumental.
Neighborhood-level socioeconomic factors moderate the mitigating role of physical activity in the relative age effect: A cross-sectional survey study of early adolescents in widespread areas of Japan
Authors: Mori Takaaki , Aoki Takumi , Oishi Kan , Harada Tetsuo , Tanaka Chiaki , Tanaka Shigeho , Tanaka Hideki , Fukuda Kazuhiko , Kamikawa Yasuko , Tsuji Nobuhiro , Komura Keisuke , Kokudo Shohei , Morita Noriteru , Suzuki Kazuhiro , Watanabe Masashi , Kasanami Ryoji , Hara Taketaka , Miyazaki Ryo , Abe Takafumi , Yamatsu Koji , Kume Daisuke , Asai Hedenori , Yamamoto Naofumi , Tsuji Taishi , Nakaya Tomoki , Ishii Kojiro
Published: April 2022

Background: Relative age effect is defined as a phenomenon where children born early generally perform better than children born later in the same cohort. Physical activity is an important factor that mitigates the relative age effect. Socioeconomic factors (e.g., parent’s income, education level) are also associated with the adolescent’s physical activity. However, no existing study has examined whether socioeconomic factors moderate the relative age effect on the adolescent’s physical activity. This study aims to clarify how birth month and socioeconomic factors moderate sports and physical activity among adolescents in Japan.Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey targeting 21491 adolescents who live in a widespread neighborhood. We included 7138 adolescents (3701 males and 3437 females: mean age 13.06±1.44) in the analysis. Based on the participants’ birth month, we divided them into four groups (April-June, July-September, October-December, January-March). We asked participants to report their organized sports participation. Using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for Japanese Early Adolescents, we identified their levels of sports activity and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Neighborhood-level socioeconomic factors (areal deprivation, average annual income, education level) were analyzed based on national surveys, such as the population census. We performed multilevel logistic and linear regression analysis for organized sports participation and MVPA, respectively. Moreover, a simple slope analysis was implemented if the interaction between birth month and socioeconomic factor was significant in the multilevel linear regression analysis.Results: Among relatively younger adolescents (adolescents who were born later in the same grade), females were less likely to participate in organized sports activities (OR=0.91, 95% CI 0.85-0.98, p<0.01), while both males and females engaged in less MVPA (b=-4.08, b=-2.50, p<0.01, respectively). We observed an interaction between birth month and socioeconomic factors. Only low-income participants, females from more deprived neighborhoods, and relatively younger adolescents engaged in less MVPA. Conclusions: Socioeconomic factors moderate the relative age effect on adolescents’ physical activity. The relative age effect on adolescents’ physical activity might be more likely to appear among adolescents from socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods.
Phaseolus vulgaris leaves increase short chain fatty acids (SCFA) production ameliorating early metabolic alterations
Authors: Becerril-Campos Adriana Araceli , Ocampo-Anguiano Perla Viridiana , Mondragón-Jacobo Candelario , Escobar-García Konisgmar , Barrón Mariela Camacho , Anaya-Loyola Miriam Aracely , Feregrino-Perez Ana Angélica , García-Gasca Teresa , Ahumada-Solórzano Santiaga Marisela
Published: April 2022

High-fat/high-fructose diets promote early metabolic disorders in weight, lipid and glucose metabolism. Bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and fiber present in plant-based food prevent metabolic disorders development. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of bean leaves on early metabolic alterations in Wistar male rats fed with high-fat/high-fructose diet. After proximate and chemical analysis of bean leaves, thirty-six Wistar male rats (ethical approval 06FCN2019 and 77FCN2019) were randomly assigned into one of four groups: 1) Standard diet (S) fed with Rodent Laboratory Chow 5001®, 2) Standard diet + 10% of dry bean leaves (SBL), 3) high fat (lard) and fructose diet (H) and 4) high-fat/high-fructose diet + 10% of dry bean leaves (HBL). The study was carried out for 6 weeks. Group H exhibited early metabolic alterations compared to S, final weight gain (↑15%), abdominal fat accumulation (↑11% waist circumference), triglycerides (↑30%), glucose (↑16%), insulin resistance (↑HOMA-IR 32%), fecal triglycerides (↑284%) and decreased total short chain fatty acid (↓SFCA, 17%). Bean leaves supplementation (HBL) compared to group H prevented body weight gain (↓12%), abdominal fat accumulation (waist circumference, ↓10%), early insulin resistance (glucose area under the curve, ↓6%). Probably mediated by the fiber and polyphenols present in the leaves, supplementary bean leaves-diet increased SFCA production (↑54%). Therefore, bean leaves are a low-cost alternative for human nutritional care and prevention of early metabolic alterations.
Analysis of cytokine producing profiles in local and systemic lymphocytes in sick building syndrome compared with ocular allergy
Authors: Uchio Eiichi , Izaki Ryosuke , Kobayashi Ayaka , Fujita Hideaki , Harada Kazuhiro , Ozaki Hiroaki , Kadonosono Kazuaki
Published: April 2022

Purpose: We have previously studied clinical and allergological aspects of sick building syndrome (SBS) cases with ocular disorders and found that SBS is suggested to be partially induced by an allergic response. We analyzed the cytokine production profiles of conjunctival and peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with SBS with ocular manifestations to further evaluate the pathophysiology of SBS from an immunological standpoint.Methods: We obtained conjunctival samples and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 15 cases of SBS with ocular findings and 49 cases of allergic conjunctival diseases (ACD) (allergic conjunctivitis (AC), atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC), and vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC)), and normal controls. Frequencies of cytokine-producing T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry based on an intracellular cytokine staining method.Results: Although no significant difference was observed in the percentage of interferon (IFN)-g-producing CD4+ T cells in PBMC between patients with SBS and controls, the percentage of interleukin (IL)-4-producing PBMC CD4+ T cells in patients with SBS was significantly higher than that in controls. The percentage of IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells in the conjunctiva was significantly higher than that in controls, whereas it was significantly lower than those in AKC and VKC. A significant correlation was observed between the percentage of IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells in the conjunctiva and clinical score.Conclusion: From these results it might be possible that SBS belongs to a kind of allergic disorder and IL-4 plays a role in the development of allergic disorders in SBS ocular lesions.
Association between secondhand smoke exposure in pregnant women and their socioeconomic status and its interaction with age: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Wensu Zhou , Xidi Zhu , Zhao Hu , Shaojie Li , Baohua Zheng , Yunhan Yu , Donghua Xie
Published: April 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the effect of individual socioeconomic status (SES) on SHS exposure among pregnant women and its interaction effect of age.Methods: A total of 678 nonsmoking pregnant women from 14 communities in a medium-sized city were recruited for this survey. Exposure to SHS was defined as a self-reported smoking habit of spouse/partner. Individual SES consisted of marital status, educational attainment, employment and per capita monthly income.Results: There were 238 (35.1%) of participants who suffered from SHS exposure. Compared to the pregnant women who were employed, others who were unemployed were more likely to suffer from SHS exposure (OR=1.697, 95% CI: 1.102-2.614). Participants who had high school or technical secondary school education were more likely to exposure to SHS compared with women with a college or above education (OR=1.577, 95% CI: 1.020-2.437). Enhanced age was a protective factor for participants with a college or above education level (OR=0.939, 95% CI: 0.884-0.997), but age increased the risk of SHS exposure among women who had unstable marriage (OR=1.256, 95% CI: 1.019-1.549).Conclusion: Exposure to SHS was very common among pregnant women. Pregnant women with low education level and SES and older age should be considered a key population for the implementation of public health interventions.
Electroenzymatic model system for the determination of catalytic activity of Erwinia carotovora L- asparaginase
Authors: Shumyantseva Victoria , Bulko Tatiana , Pronina Veronica , Pokrovskaya Marina , Aleksandrova Svetlana , Zhdanov Dmitry
Published: April 2022

An electrochemical method for the determination of the catalytic activity of L-asparaginase (ASNase) from Erwinia carotovora was proposed. Our approach is based on the electrooxidation of amino acids from L-asparaginase polypeptide backbones. The electrochemical behavior of ASNase on electrodes obtained by screen printing modified with single-wall carbon nanotubes (SPE/SWCNTs) as sensing elements demonstrated a broad oxidation peak at 0.5÷0.6 V centered at 0.531±0.010 V. We have shown that in the presence of the substrate L-asparagine, the oxidation current of the enzyme was reduced in a concentration-dependent manner. The specificity of electrochemical analysis was confirmed in experiments with glycine, an amino acid that has no substrate activity on ASNase and does not reduce the oxidation peak of L-asparaginase. The addition of glycine did not significantly influence the amplitude of the oxidation current. The innovative aspects of the proposed electrochemical sensor are the direct monitoring of ASNase catalytic activity and a reagentless approach, which does not require additional reagents or labels.
Triage policy to postpone endoscopy for patients with low-risk varices is safe during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chen Yu-Jen , Hou Ming-Chih , Yang Tsung-Chieh , Lee Pei-Chang , Huang Yi-Hsiang , Lee Fa-Yauh
Published: April 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, most of the endoscopic services were electively postponed or suspended. We aimed to assess the safety of a triage policy in patients receiving esophageal variceal ligation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Triage policy of endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) was implemented in our hospital during the lockdown period from 15th May 2021 to 26th July 2021. We compared the clinical characteristics and outcomes with those receiving endoscopy due to esophageal varices from 17th May 2020 to 28th July 2020. Of the 124 patients receiving EVL, a higher percentage of esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB) was noted (9/32, 28.1% vs. 8/92, 8.7%, p = 0.006) during the lockdown period, with a higher percentage of EVB in the referrals (7/9, 77.8% vs. 2/14, 14.2%, p = 0.007). Twenty-three patients whose endoscopies were postponed by triage policy due to low-risk or eradicated varices did not experience EVB during the lockdown period. Child-Pughs class C was independent factor predictive of EVB (relative risk 7.674, P = 0.004), entering the program of prophylactic EVL was the protective factor of EVB (relative risk 0.158, P = 0.004). Entrance into the prophylaxis program does not only decrease risk of EVB but also fosters comprehensive triage to postpone endoscopy during the lockdown period.
RAFT Polymerization of MMA in the Channels of Different Mesoporous Materials
Authors: Xue Tao , Wei Yan , Yu Caili , Zhang Faai
Published: April 2022

A serial of mesoporous materials (MS), i.e., rod-liked and spherical SBA-15, spherical MCM-41 and MCM-48 were successfully synthesized and modified by silane coupling agent KH550 then utilized as a microreactor for reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) using a xanthate as a chain transfer agent and AIBN as an initiator. The structures, morphologies and properties of the obtained polymers and composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption and desorption, thermogravimetry analysis, gel permeation chromatograph, and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance. Results showed that compared with conventional MS, modified MS featured with lower specific surface area and pore volume while maintained the original morphological structure. Owing to confinement effects, PMMAs obtained from internal mesoporous channels featured with higher molecule weight and initial thermal decomposition temperature than these from conventional RAFT polymerization, especially, the PMMA obtained from the spherical SBA-15 and modified MCM-48 exhibited the highest molecule weight.