bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The corporate social responsibility pyramid: its evolution and the proposal of the spinner, a theoretical refinement
Authors: Silva Junior Annor da , Martins-Silva Priscilla de Oliveira , Coelho Vitor Daher , Sousa Anderson Fioresi de
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the evolution of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) pyramid conceived by Archie B. Carroll. Anchored by theoretical and empirical evidence, this paper proposes a new model of analysis: the “CSR Spinner.”

Design/methodology/approach

To propose this new model, the authors are presenting a conceptual paper.

Findings

As a result of the analyses conducted in this paper, the authors propose the “CSR Spinner” model. This model which contemplates four dimensions (ethical, economic, legal and philanthropic) has in its structure a center bearing and three lobes that are derived from the center. In the center of the “CSR Spinner,” the ethical dimension is positioned and in the lobes are the other dimensions. In the “CSR Spinner,” the ethical dimension has the role of giving the model dynamism, defining both the direction and speed with which the lobes rotate, thus generating total CSR.

Originality

The “CSR Spinner” is original, as it consists of a new way of conceiving of the CSR pyramid.

Research limitations/implications

As a knowledge instrument that allows the manipulation of reality, that is, to think, analyze, understand and predict this reality, the “CSR Spinner” model has the potential to provide advances in research on CSR. Because it proposes a theoretical refinement, this model still needs to go through a process of theoretical and empirical validation.

Practical implications

The “CSR Spinner” model has pragmatic connotations that can help corporate management adapt to various national and international contexts.

Social implications

The “CSR Spinner” model represents an advance over the CSR pyramid, because of the model’s characteristics of dynamism, flexibility and adaptability across all types of organizations and within various national and international contexts.
Notable Trade Book Lesson Plan: Hannah is My Name by Belle Yang
Authors: Codispoti Margit , Hickey M. Gail
Published: February 2022

This lesson plan can be used with lower-level elementary students to discuss immigration to the US in the 20th century and related issues. It uses a trade book written by Belle Yang, entitled Hannah is My Name, to foster students’ consideration of individual development and identity through a cultural lens.
Ideological Dissonance: A Comparison of the Views of Eight Conservative Students with the Recruitment Document from a Southeastern College of Education
Authors: Dahlgren Robert , Masyada Stephen
Published: February 2022

The experiences of conservative students in universities have garnered increased attention in recent years. This paper presents the results of recent research on the campus of a large Southeastern university. Situated in a small Southeastern college town, the university in question is home to a College of Education that attempts to maintain the spirit and tradition of progressive education. However, the College also serves a population that includes many conservative communities and individuals. This research is the result of a focus group interview with eight self-defined conservative students at the College of Education and an analysis of official recruitment and orientation documents. The investigation’s findings support the need to clarify the recruitment procedures and curriculum of the institution in order to assist conservative students entering a progressive institution, while at the same time, challenging all students, including those with conservative views, to take part in a rigorous intellectual environment.
The Avalon Project: Using Literacy Strategies with Primary Sources on the Internet
Authors: Scheuerell Scott
Published: February 2022

Increasingly, high school classrooms have access to the Internet. The Avalon Project Internet webpage enables high school students to access primary sources on a variety of American History topics. Literacy strategies are a promising method to help students organize the information they access when they are reading primary sources online. In particular, graphic organizers help students to make sense out of complex issues presented in primary sources. The author describes how his high school history students used the Avalon Project Internet webpage and graphic organizers to comprehend the primary sources with which they were working. Suggestions are given to help history teachers implement this activity in the classroom. Background information on literacy strategies is provided with specific examples of graphic organizers to help guide teachers who are interested in utilizing the strategy with their students.
Reframing the Disclosure Debate: Confronting Issues of Transparency in Teaching Controversial Content
Authors: James Jennifer H.
Published: February 2022

I contend that traditional ways of conceptualizing the “disclosure dilemma” are limited due to a lack of attention to the more subtle ways teachers’ personal experiences and understandings help shape their practices. The decision to “dis-close” personal opinions on a controversial issue is, perhaps, less important than the exploration of what those personal opinions are and the degree of influence on pedagogy regardless of the decision to make those opinions public. In this way, disclosure can be understood as simply a willingness to be transparent about positionality with regard to the content being taught. As context for this conversation, I offer discussion of my experiences as an elementary social studies teacher educator in which I strived to engage such transparency as both method and content. In the end, I offer reflections about what is difficult, yet critically important about engaging in this work.
NCSS Notable Trade Book Lesson Plan Everybody Works by Shelley Rotner & Ken Kreisler
Authors: Sunal Cynthia Szymanski , Kelley Lynn A. , Sunal Dennis W.
Published: February 2022

Everybody Works in many ways, indoors, outdoors, at home, at an office, by traveling from place to place, to earn income, or as a hobby. This book is a photographic essay looking at the many ways in which people work and sometimes use animals in work. The learning cycle lesson helps young children construct a deeper understanding of work as varied and an important part of each person’s life.
Elementary Geography and Ecology: If Earth Were a Cookie
Authors: Wilson Elizabeth K. , Cook Tammy
Published: February 2022

Ecology and population studies are among the most important curriculum standards of the NCSS. Population Connection has aligned its various lessons with NCSS national standards. The NCSS standard “People, Places, and Environments” aligns with the state standards of history and geography. Both the state and NCSS provide K-12 grade alignment. Social studies teachers nationwide are able to use the NCSS standards that Population Connection has provided to align the many lessons with NCSS national standards and state standards. Each of the following three lessons is designed for the elementary classroom teachers to integrate social studies with other elementary content. All three lessons have been field-tested and provide an overview, procedures, objectives, standards, skills and materials, discussion questions, and extension activities.
Critical Literacy and the Social Studies Methods Course: How Pre-Service Social Studies Teachers Learn and Teach for Critical Literacy
Authors: Johnson Edric C.
Published: February 2022

This study looks at the development of critical literacy for three pre-service teacher participants, relevant support systems, and pedagogies. It considers how pre-service teacher participants construct knowledge on critical literacy within the methods course. The participants started with their own literacy histories in order to began developing internalization and critical consciousness within the methods and field experience course. Throughout the course, the participants took social action by using some of the critical literacy approaches that were presented as instructional strategies in the methods course. However, the participants were still internalizing two essential components of critical pedagogy in their own teaching: problem posing and dialogue. They acknowledged the value of problem posing and dialogue in their own learning but had some difficulty using these methods in their own teaching. The implications from this study suggest that teacher educators and future teachers take a stance on critical education and push for structural changes in common teaching practices and school curriculum mandates.
The Impact of Using Digital Timelines in the Social Studies Classroom
Authors: Wilson Elizabeth K. , Wright Vivian H. , Peirano Ann-Marie
Published: February 2022

In this study, the process and effects of integrating an innovative technology were examined in one U.S. history teacher’s classroom. Specifically, the impact on the teacher and the students from using digital timelines to understand history are presented. Recommendations from this study include: (a) the importance of examining and including a variety of documents to present multiple perspectives and to portray different voices in a digital timeline, (b) the need for the teacher to articulate and describe the how and the why of the digital timeline assignments as it relates to understanding historical content knowledge, and (c) the need for students to think critically about the dates, events, and figures included in their timelines.
Geographic Perspectives with Elementary Students: The Silk Road
Authors: Bisland Beverly Milner (Lee)
Published: February 2022

The Silk Road is a source of fact and myth. Stretching from Western China to the Middle East, it crossed forbidding deserts and rugged mountains. In this study, students consider the geography and climate of the region crossed by the silk routes and determine the best route a caravan would take across this region one thousand years ago. The study’s lesson serves as an introduction to the history of the region and the trade routes that crisscrossed it. Students make the same decisions about travel routes that ancient peoples made. The study’s purpose is to determine how elementary students think spatially, the prior knowledge that they bring to their thinking, and the conclusions they draw in critiquing a physical map.
Notable Trade Book Lesson Plan: Harlem Stomp! A Cultural History of the Harlem Renaissance
Authors: Christensen Lois McFadyen
Published: February 2022

This lesson plan is an introduction to the Harlem Renaissance through the award winning, thorough, resource text for youth, Harlem Stomp! A Cultural History of the Harlem Renaissance by Laban Carrick Hill. The Harlem Borough was a place in New York where African Americans migrated and overtly celebrated their cultural capital and rich heritage from the turn of the Twentieth Century through the nineteen forties. Countless artists, writers, poets, musicians, philosophers, and intellectuals contributed to landscape which left an indelible historical identity. Equality and justice characterized the era, continued to influence the country through civil rights, and persists to the present day
The Authors of the Harvard Social Studies Project: A Retrospective Analysis of Donald Oliver, Fred Newmann, and James Shaver
Authors: Bohan Chara Haeussler , Feinberg Joseph R.
Published: February 2022

During the late twentieth century in the field of social studies education, Donald Oliver, Fred Newmann, and James Shaver were prominent leaders. Their work on the Harvard Social Studies Project was part of the New Social Studies movement popular in the 1960s and 1970s that attempted to transform the social studies curriculum nationwide. By creating materials that focused on inquiry-based learning, they aimed to make a difference in the way that social studies courses were taught in American schools. The focus of this research is an analysis of the content and impact of the Harvard Social Studies Project and an exploration of the contributions of Donald Oliver, Fred Newmann, and James Shaver to that project. Historical research methods served as the primary theoretical framework for guiding the investigation. Oliver, Newmann, and Shaver’s work on the Harvard Social Studies Project not only established all three men as influential leaders in social studies education but also laid the groundwork for their subsequent work in broader areas of education.
NCSS Notable Trade Book Lesson Plan Maggie’s Door by Patricia Reilly Giff
Authors: Hickey M. Gail , Codispoti Margit
Published: February 2022

This lesson plan can be used with upper-level elementary students to discuss the Irish potato famine and immigration to America by displaced peoples. It uses a trade book entitled Maggie’s Door to foster students’ consideration of people, places, and environments as well as individual development and identity through a cultural lens.
The Examination of Pedagogical Approaches to Teaching Controversial Public Issues: Explicitly Teaching the Holocaust and Comparative Genocide
Authors: Waterson Robert A.
Published: February 2022

This study reflects an examination of four teachers and their approaches to teaching the Holocaust and comparative genocide. The purpose was to address four succinct research questions that followed a conceptual framework which emerged around these teachers’ rationale, methodology, preparation, and characteristics. Analysis of the results allowed for the emergence of six themes: (a) citizenship, (b) curriculum and design, (c) teaching pedagogy, (d) influence of modeling, (e) neoteny, and (f) life-altering experiences.
Reclaiming Generalizations in Social Studies Education
Authors: Shiveley James , Misco Thomas
Published: February 2022

This article argues that the teaching of generalizations in today’s social studies classrooms is seldom done well, if at all, and that it is time to reestablish this strategy as part of the everyday practice of social studies teachers. The authors review the history and value of generalizations in the classroom and provide some practical applications and examples of their use. The case is made that such practice will not only enhance the vibrancy of social studies classes and increase student interest, but will also enhance understanding of the content and improve the development of citizenship skills.
Takin’ It to the Streets: A Collaborative Self-Study into Social Studies Field Instruction
Authors: Ritter Jason K. , Powell Dave , Hawley Todd S.
Published: February 2022

This paper reports on the processes and outcomes of a collaborative self-study conducted by three beginning teacher educators who sought to examine the efficacy of their teaching practices while working with student teachers in the field. By systematically embracing opportunities to explore mutually pressing issues and concerns manifest across the student teaching semester, the authors found that collaborative self-study provided a useful framework for considering their pedagogical reasoning and decision making as they encouraged student teachers to engage in rationale-based practice. The understandings gleaned from this study provided the authors with a basis upon which to reexamine their developing teacher educator pedagogies, as well as to critique the nature and structure of their teacher education program.
Place-Based Learning in Teacher Education: A Windshield Survey
Authors: Todd Reese H.
Published: February 2022

Certification students in a post-baccalaureate teacher preparation program investigated the local educational environment in a social studies methods course with a brief community study of several K-4 neighborhood schools. School district maps and street maps guided their exploration of the city between the university and the schools where they had field placements and jobs as substitute teachers. Student summaries and reflections with photos and sketch maps promoted discussion of issues relevant to informed social studies educators. Evaluation of the instructional approach indicated an increased student awareness of local places, using a model of inquiry applicable to elementary social studies instruction, as well as promoting place-based instruction and potential partnerships between neighborhood schools and communities. The approach established a collegial, cooperative climate among future teachers for developing effective social studies programs.
Notable Trade Book Lesson Plan: Boxes for Katje
Authors: Hatcher Barbara
Published: February 2022

Boxes for Katje is based on a true story of an American girl who sent a care package to a young Dutch girl. As a result of the package and an exchange of letters, Katje’s family and friends in Holland received much-needed items to help them through the bitter winter of 1945. The book provides opportunities to examine the NCSS Standards of Time, Continuity, and Change, Global Connections, and Civic Ideals and Practices. Readers will enjoy the whimsical illustrations and delightful ending. The story highlights the importance of valuing the needs of others less fortunate than oneself, and it can serve as a springboard for children to take civic action to make a difference in others’ lives. Helpful web sites and additional children’s books expand the lesson.
Podcasting: A Beginner’s Guide to Technology’s Latest Trend
Authors: McAninch Liza Turner , Swan Kathleen Owings , Hofer Mark
Published: February 2022

This article provides a starting place for teachers wanting to dabble with the latest trend in technology—podcasting. The authors present a general overview of a tool that will most likely be part of the teaching vernacular, if not now, in the very near future. We offer a short tutorial on podcasting as well as perspectives on how teachers might incorporate podcasts into their curricula. We also summarize the value and limitations of podcasts, and perhaps most importantly, we include a resource guide to some of the more intriguing and useful podcasts currently available.
Lucy Sprague Mitchell’s Perspectives on Social Education Meet Social Justice
Authors: Christensen Lois McFadyen
Published: February 2022

Lucy Sprague Mitchell's belief was that active, experiential learning, in particular human geography, was the core to which all content areas were tied. Given that life is lived in a social context, she believed that early childhood education should mirror the same. At Bank Street, education began with the child's world. Educators linked it to the community and moved outward. Children learned how their lives of the here and now connected to other places and people in the world. Mitchell was a forerunner in curriculum development and qualitative research methods. She envisioned teaching critical pedagogy, although, she did not use the verbiage. Mitchell's commitment to social justice was that of a renaissance educator.
Notable Trade Book Lesson Pete for President Written by Daisy Alberto & Illustrated by Blanche Sims
Authors: Larson Tracy Gawel , Baylen Danilo M.
Published: February 2022

This lesson plan focuses on the election process that takes place in a K-12 classroom every year, i.e., the election of a class president. Concepts presented parallels in the language and processes involved in electing The President of the United States, so it can be used to support the teaching the teaching of an American Government course. It can be used with almost any age level, but this lesson plan is designed specifically for a senior high school class. It uses a trade book entitled Pete for President to engage the students in a life-like, fun story about two friends caught in the excitement of an election process and have to deal with the impending challenge on their friendship.
Fractured Social Studies or Integrated Thinkers The End Results of Curriculum Integration
Authors: Preston-Grimes Patrice
Published: February 2022

In an effort to counter the effects of the reduction of social studies instruction that has resulted from the pressure to increase test scores in reading and mathematics, many educators promote the idea of integrating the curriculum. For many modern elementary teachers, integrating the curriculum has become a means for infusing social studies content in the curriculum while maintaining the focus on teaching reading and language arts skills. This practice of teaching social studies or other content areas while maintaining a focus on reading differs widely from the original purpose of curriculum integration. The following article asserts that the true purpose of integrating the curriculum has been to create children who will be able to use the disciplines to advance democratic thought and life. They will be able to fully integrate the disciplines into their own thinking processes in order to confront issues and problems in a democratic society. This article explores notions of curriculum integration throughout history and examines the ways in which teachers attempt to integrate the curriculum in schools today.
Digital History with Student-Created Multimedia Understanding Student Perceptions
Authors: Hofer Mark , Swan Kathy
Published: February 2022

Social studies educators have displayed an interest in student-created multimedia, including digital documentaries. The research community has responded with a small but growing body of studies, but the literature to date has not explored students‘ perspectives on these assignments. This study combined classroom observations, document analysis, and student interviews to examine students‘ views of technology, the curriculum, and their final products. The findings reveal that students come to technology-based, content-driven assignments with prior conceptions of both the technology and the content. These expectations shape student actions and transform the assignment, in some cases surpassing curricular expectations. Evidence from students‘ products, classroom observations, and interview data, however, also suggest that student agency was limited by the classroom reality of mimetic learning. The results of this study have various implications for teacher educators and educational researchers interested in leveraging technology to improve learning. They must acknowledge the dynamic nature of classroom interaction and the impact student choices have on Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). Technology integration occurs in the operational curriculum, often in unpredictable ways. Based on our study we know that student preconceptions and desires impact the learning goals. By better under-standing the role of student agency, teachers can plan for instruction that uses digital history to effectively teach content.
An analysis of the post-COVID-19 cruise industry: Could this be a new possibility for the luxury yacht sector in the Caribbean?
Authors: Ajagunna Ibrahim , Casanova Sandra
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to examine the post-pandemic prospects for the luxury yacht industry in the coming decade in contrast to those for mega cruise ships.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper employed a qualitative approach via an examination of industry analysis and discussion with industry experts in tourism, cruising and luxury yachting.

Findings

Based on industry analysis and discussion with key stakeholders, the finding is that the luxury yacht industry responded well to its market from the onset of the pandemic, and will continue on this path in both luxury and sporting yacht categories. To regain customer support after the long period of travel restrictions, cruise lines will have to significantly reduce their prices in order to stimulate demand. This, coupled with approximately 40% reductions in load capacity is a blow to the industry. Hence, this calls for the industry to commit itself to the present safety protocols, which are an added cost to their operations. In contrast, the luxury yacht industry is presented with a golden opportunity as a result of these constraints as it can stimulate revenue through charters and rentals.

Practical implications

There was never anticipation of a global pandemic that would bring tourism operations to a total halt. The question is, what recovery strategies have been employed by the small island states that have invested millions of US dollars over the last two decades in expanding or developing new cruise ports? Given the historical perspective for Errol Flynn Marina in Port Antonio, Jamaica, the Port Authority of Jamaica can reposition the Marina to take advantage of the new opportunity that has been created for the yacht industry by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Social implications

It is likely that more Caribbean nationals will be employed on luxury yachts as compared with the less than 5% of Caribbean nationals employed on cruise ships prior to the pandemic.

Originality/value

The economies of most Caribbean Islands and many other small island developing states (SIDSs) are heavily dependent on tourism; specifically cruise tourism during the cruise season. Some of these countries continue to anticipate a quick recovery for the cruise industry. This anticipation may not yield an immediate result because of the protocols that are needed in response to the pandemic. This paper shows that in the mid to long-term, the returns from significant investment in port development must be realized and the luxury yacht industry presents one such opportunity. This paper is helpful because the present outlook for cruising is not good, and so a new approach and strategy must be put in place to develop new products.
What are the implications for the post-pandemic Caribbean cruise industry?
Authors: Ajagunna Ibrahim , Ilori Matthew Olusoji , McLean Eron
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The purpose of the theme issue was to enable cruise ship owners and destination governments to critically assess the viability, vulnerability and responsiveness of Caribbean cruise tourism in the context of the pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

This concluding article uses content analysis to re-visit the contributions made to assessing the impact of the pandemic and the implications for Caribbean cruise tourism.

Findings

Governments across the Caribbean will need to re-think how they work with the cruise industry in a more cohesive and integrated way. This initiative is likely to result in the Caribbean having greater latitude in negotiations with the major cruise conglomerates that control over 80% of the industry in the region. Close attention must also be paid to improving local infrastructure and to facilitating the involvement of local people in providing tourists with an authentic Caribbean experience.

Practical implications

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant impact on the Caribbean region. In common with the rest of the world, island destinations had to close their borders to mitigate the impact of the virus and as tourism-dependent locations, this has had financial consequences. At present, there is no end in sight, and it is difficult to predict when Caribbean cruise tourism will ever return to pre-pandemic levels.

Social implications

COVID-19 has shown the world that we are all dependent on each other and that greater collaboration is needed to re-open the cruise industry. The pandemic has also shown that rapid technological development is needed to drive change. Further, it can be argued that technology will enable all stakeholders to coordinate their responses, together with support from governments across the Caribbean.

Originality/value

This theme issue explored the impact of COVID-19 on cruise tourism in the Caribbean and it proposes factors to mitigate re-occurrence. The proposals contained in this theme issue provide a guide to help enable governments in the Caribbean region to re-position their respective countries in response to the pandemic and related socio-economic impacts.
Wildlife roadkill and COVID‐19: A biologically significant, but heterogeneous, reduction
Authors: Pokorny Boštjan , Cerri Jacopo , Bužan Elena
Published: February 2022

Collisions with vehicles are a major cause of wildlife mortality. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, many countries enforced lockdowns that reduced vehicular traffic and consequently wildlife‐vehicle collisions. However, no study has yet explored how traffic‐related mortality declined across multiple species of wildlife, leaving doubts about the species‐specific impact of COVID‐19 on wildlife ecology and management.

We modelled how two lockdowns (in spring and autumn 2020) influenced wildlife‐vehicle collisions throughout Slovenia, in central Europe, by comparing weekly roadkill in 2020 with 2010–2019 time series for European roe deer (n = 53,259), red fox (n = 9,889), Eurasian badger (n = 5,170), brown hare (n = 5,050), stone marten (n = 4,267), wild boar (n = 1,188) and red deer (n = 1,088).

During the spring lockdown (16 March–30 April 2020), we observed far fewer collisions than expected for roe deer and badgers. During the autumn lockdown (20 October–31 December 2020), we observed significantly fewer collisions for roe deer and wild boar, but we noted an excess of collisions with badgers. Traffic reduction had a major influence on roe deer, whose roadkill decreased between 156 and 321 individuals.

Heterogeneous changes in road mortality across the seven studied species indicate that reductions in human mobility can trigger complex species‐specific dynamics in wildlife assemblages, which may generate compensatory effects beyond lockdowns.

For some species, such as roe deer, local reductions in the number of roadkill attained a significant fraction of the overall mortality. This could affect local population dynamics in cases where lockdowns are repeated over a number of years.

Policy implications. Management aimed at reducing vehicular traffic, and therefore human disturbance and roadkill, can be evaluated using time‐series analysis of data on multiple species. During times of restricted human movement, local‐scale reductions should be estimated and accounted for in adaptive management, such as for planning culling quotas, to minimize their ecological and socio‐economic impacts while optimizing the outcomes of science‐based population management.
Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals different adaptation mechanisms for degradation of very long‐chain and normal long‐chain alkanes in Dietzia sp. DQ12‐45‐1b
Authors: Xu Hong‐Xiu , Tang Yue‐Qin , Nie Yong , Wu Xiao‐Lei
Published: February 2022

Hydrocarbon‐degrading bacteria typically metabolize a broad range of alkane substrates, but global metabolic characteristics of strains growing on alkane substrates in different chain lengths remain unclear. In this study, we analysed the transcriptional profiles of a hydrocarbon degrading bacterium, Dietzia sp. DQ12‐45‐1b, during growth on octacosane (C28), hexadecane (C16) and glucose as the sole carbon sources. Our results highlight that C16 and C28 induced common genes of core alkane degradation pathways in DQ12‐45‐1b, whereas transcriptional patterns of genes related to lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, biomass synthesis, and metal ion transportation were distinct. In addition, the transcriptional differences of genes related to glyoxylate shunt (GS) as well as growth phenotypes of mutant strain with defects in GS demonstrated that GS is essential for C16 degradation, though it is dispensable for C28 degradation in DQ12‐45‐1b. These results demonstrate that DQ12‐45‐1b cells exhibited considerable metabolic flexibility by using various mechanisms during growth on alkane substrates in different chain lengths. This study advances our knowledge of microbial hydrocarbon degradation and provides valuable information for the application of alkane‐degrading bacteria in bioremediation and microbial enhanced oil recovery.
Biosolids for safe land application: does wastewater treatment plant size matters when considering antibiotics, pollutants, microbiome, mobile genetic elements and associated resistance genes?
Authors: Wolters Birgit , Hauschild Kristin , Blau Khald , Mulder Ines , Heyde Benjamin Justus , Sørensen Søren J. , Siemens Jan , Jechalke Sven , Smalla Kornelia , Nesme Joseph
Published: February 2022

Soil fertilization with wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) biosolids is associated with the introduction of resistance genes (RGs), mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and potentially selective pollutants (antibiotics, heavy metals, disinfectants) into soil. Not much data are available on the parallel analysis of biosolid pollutant contents, RG/MGE abundances and microbial community composition. In the present study, DNA extracted from biosolids taken at 12 WWTPs (two large‐scale, six middle‐scale and four small‐scale plants) was used to determine the abundance of RGs and MGEs via quantitative real‐time PCR and the bacterial and archaeal community composition was assessed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Concentrations of heavy metals, antibiotics, the biocides triclosan, triclocarban and quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) were measured. Strong and significant correlations were revealed between several target genes and concentrations of Cu, Zn, triclosan, several antibiotics and QACs. Interestingly, the size of the sewage treatment plant (inhabitant equivalents) was negatively correlated with antibiotic concentrations, RGs and MGEs abundances and had little influence on the load of metals and QACs or the microbial community composition. Biosolids from WWTPs with anaerobic treatment and hospitals in their catchment area were associated with a higher abundance of potential opportunistic pathogens and higher concentrations of QACs.
The Three Colorado Rivers: Hydrologic, Infrastructural, and Economic Flows of Water in a Shared River Basin
Authors: Rushforth Richard R. , Zegre Nicolas P. , Ruddell Benjamin L.
Published: February 2022

The Colorado River Basin is a hydrologic river network that directs runoff from rain and snow falling on mountains, primarily in Colorado and Wyoming, to the Colorado River Delta in Mexico. Over the last century, in response to basin‐wide water shortages, legal agreements between stakeholders in seven U.S. states and Mexico, hydrologic flows from users on the main stem of the river have been reallocated to junior water rights holders. Municipalities, businesses, farmers, and households utilize the Colorado River water to produce and trade valuable, water‐derived goods and services, which effectively reallocates water through a continually adapting, boundary‐free economic river network providing indirect access to "virtual" Colorado River water. We conceptualize the Colorado River Basin as a multiplex network comprised of interdependent natural flow networks, direct (infrastructural) flow networks, and indirect (virtual) flow networks. Using this reframing, we quantify the total hydrosocial impact of the Drought Contingency Plan (DCP) on Lower Basin states. For each Mm3 of water reduced through the DCP, Arizona, Nevada, and California lose an additional 0.42–0.43 Mm3, 0.33–0.51 Mm3, and 1.06–1.10 Mm3 of virtual water flow, respectively. Hence, the DCP will require Arizona, Nevada, and Southern California to restructure how they use water, relying less on direct and indirect consumption of the Colorado River water and finding more indirect water sources outside that basin.
Geochronology, Geochemistry and Sr‐Nd‐Hf Isotopes of Early–Middle Triassic Adakitic Plutons in Central‐eastern Jilin Province, NE China: Constraints on the Non‐synchronous Closure of Paleo‐Asian Ocean
Authors: SHI Chenglong , DING Xiaozhong , ZHOU Xiaodong , NIE Lijun , ZHANG Jibiao
Published: February 2022

The Changchun–Yanji suture zone (CYSZ) in NE China is considered as the suture between the North China Craton (NCC) and Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). The geochronology, geochemistry and Sr‐Nd‐Hf isotopes of Early–Middle Triassic adakitic plutions from the CYSZ, are presented in this paper to discuss their petrogenesis and tectonic setting, as well as to constrain the timing and style of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean's final closure. In Early Triassic, the Dayushan pluton (ca. 250 Ma) from western CYSZ has negativeεNd(t) values, bidirectional provenances (NCC and CAOB) ofεHf(t), which are formed in a collision tectonic setting. In contrast, in eastern CYSZ, the early Triassic samples in Liangshan (ca. 242 Ma) were high Mg#values, positiveεNd(t), single provenances (CAOB) ofεHf(t) resulting from a subduction setting. In the Middle Triassic, the A‐type granites in western CYSZ are found in previous studies representing a post‐collisional extensional environment, whereas syn‐collisional Lianyanfeng granites (ca. 237 Ma) in eastern CYSZ with lowISr and large scaleεNd(t) andεHf(t) values from bidirectional provenances (NCC and CAOB), represent a collisional setting. The Paleo‐Asian Ocean's occurred in a scissor‐like fashion along the CYSZ during the Triassic period.
Early Diagenetic Dolomite as a Potential Archive of Paleo‐redox Fluctuations in an Early Tonian Marine Basin?
Authors: KANG Junyao , LI Chenqing , DONG Lin , XIAO Shuhai
Published: February 2022

The Tonian Period witnessed important environmental changes and critical evolutionary innovations. Published iron speciation data suggest a global redox transition of mid‐depth seawaters from euxinic to ferruginous in early Tonian, but details of this transition remain unknown. This study explores Tonian stromatolitic carbonates as a possible archive of paleoenvironmental changes, through the investigation of dolomitic limestones and dolostones associated with stromatolites of the Weiji Formation in the Huaibei region of North China. Three types of dolomitization are recognized on the basis of petrographic and geochemical data. Type I and II dolomitization resulted in dolomitic limestones characterized by LREE depletions, MREE enrichments, positive yttrium anomalies, and a lack of europium anomalies, indicating early diagenetic dolomitization, possibly in the iron reduction zone and under the influence of bottom seawater. The lack of cerium anomalies in these carbonates suggests anoxia in shallow marine environments. The coexistence of ferroan/non‐ferroan dolomite crystals and overgrowth bands is interpreted as possible evidence for rapid fluctuations between iron‐rich and iron‐depleted conditions in pore‐waters or seawaters. In contrast, type III dolomitization resulted in pervasively dolomitized stromatolitic carbonates and likely represents late diagenetic processes. This study highlights the potential of early diagenetic dolomite as an archive for paleoenvironmental investigations.
Repeated Wildfires in the Middle Jurassic Xishanyao Formation (Aalenian and Bajocian Ages) in Northwestern China
Authors: HOU Haihai , SHAO Longyi , LIANG Guodong , TANG Yue , ZHANG Huajie , ZHANG Jiaqiang
Published: February 2022

The coal‐bearing strata in the southern Junggar Basin in northwestern China have recently attracted the attention of coal geologists. Its abundance of coal resources is of great interest as there is a potential of unlocking details about the palaeoclimatic information. Coal deposits have the capacity to record wildfire events, even those with inefficient combustions. To characterize wildfire events and palaeoclimatic history of the Middle Jurassic Xishanyao Formation (Aalenian and Bajocian ages), 22 coal samples from borehole cores and coal mines in the southern Junggar Basin were collected and their macerals were analyzed. The results indicated that fusinite and semi‐fusinite were the dominant components of inertinite with proportions of 35.27% and 54.67%, respectively. The presence of inertinite is an indicator that wildfires occurred at the time of peat land development, and the widespread occurrence suggests large scale wildfires during the Middle Jurassic. This study proposes a new parameter for the evaluation of wildfire features by combining burning frequency and burning temperature. The comprehensive evaluation index (CEI) was influenced by the lacustrine basin level and ancient plant types from a sequence framework. During the Middle Jurassic, most wildfires were surface fires with low level and ground fire with high level. High oxygen levels were estimated in the lower, middle, and upper members of the Xishanyao Formation with corresponding to 26.78%, 24.55%, and 23.55%, respectively. The high oxygen levels would be the primary cause of repeated wildfires in the Middle Jurassic. These results are helpful for understanding palaeoclimatic changes in the Middle Jurassic.
State‐space models for ecological time‐series data: Practical model‐fitting
Authors: Newman Ken , King Ruth , Elvira Víctor , de Valpine Perry , McCrea Rachel S. , Morgan Byron J. T.
Published: February 2022

State‐space models are an increasingly common and important tool in the quantitative ecologists’ armoury, particularly for the analysis of time‐series data. This is due to both their flexibility and intuitive structure, describing the different individual processes of a complex system, thus simplifying the model specification step.

State‐space models are composed of two processes (a) the system (or state) process that describes the dynamics of the true underlying state of the system over time; and (b) the observation process that links the observed data with the current true state of the system at that time. Specification of the general model structure consists of considering each distinct ecological process within the system and observation processes, which are then automatically combined within the state‐space structure.

There is typically a trade‐off between the complexity of the model and the associated model‐fitting process. Simpler model specifications permit the application of simpler model‐fitting tools; whereas more complex model specifications, with nonlinear dynamics and/or non‐Gaussian stochasticity often require more sophisticated model‐fitting algorithms to be applied.

We provide a brief overview of general state‐space models before focusing on the different model‐fitting tools available. In particular for different general state‐space model structures we discuss established model‐fitting tools that are available. We also offer practical guidance for choosing a specific fitting procedure.
Are price limits cooling off agricultural futures markets?
Authors: He Xinyue , Serra Teresa
Published: February 2022

In the past few years, the lean hog and live cattle futures markets have experienced significantly heightened volatility and frequent limit moves. In this paper, we study whether price limits help resolve uncertainty and facilitate liquidity provision in the two markets and how they affect trading in the limit‐free options market. In contrast to previous literature that is based on daily data, we use intraday futures and options data from 2014 to 2019 that allows for a better characterization of market behavior around limit moves. Consistent with microstructure theories, we find that price limits neither reduce volatility nor improve liquidity. Instead, they add to the high uncertainty that precedes the limit move, leading to significantly higher volatility and lower liquidity when trading resumes. Further, contrary to the notion that trading migrates to the limit‐free options market, options volume drops and liquidity drains during limit moves. The options‐implied futures price is only a biased, inefficient, and highly noisy estimate of the equilibrium futures price on locked‐limit days. Overall, the findings suggest that rather than allowing the markets to cool off, price limits adversely affect market quality in presence of large price movements.
Periprosthetic fracture as a late mode of failure of the Anatomique Benoist Girard II femoral prosthesis
Authors: Mulford Jonathan S. , Mathew Ronnie , Penn David , Cuthbert Alana R. , De Steiger Richard
Published: February 2022

Aim

The Anatomique Benoist Girard (ABG) II femoral implant was a commonly used stem for primary total hip replacement (THR) at our institution (Launceston, Tasmania Australia). We identified peri‐prosthetic fracture as the main cause of late failure.

Methods

The late periprosthetic fracture rate for ABG II implants was reviewed with national statistics, using Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR) data. National revision rates for periprosthetic fracture were used to compare ABG II with all other cementless femoral stems.

Result

ABG II stems accounted for 1% (2719 implants) of all femoral stem implants in Australia during the 12‐year review period, compared to 23% (587 implants) in Launceston Hospitals. Although the Launceston cumulative percent revision rate for the ABG II stem was lower than the National rate at all time points, the reasons for revision were similar. The most common reason for revision of ABG II was fracture (56.8%), followed by loosening (15.3%). This differs from the reasons for revision in other cementless prostheses (loosening 23.9%, fracture 20.8%, dislocation 18.7%). Cumulative percent revision rates from late periprosthetic fracture, were higher for the ABG II stem than other cementless femoral prostheses.

Conclusion

This review of the AOANJRR has confirmed a local and national higher revision rate of the ABG II stem due to late periprosthetic fracture compared with other cementless stems. Stem design must be considered to reduce the risk of late periprosthetic fracture.
Materials used for mastoid obliteration and its complications: a systematic review
Authors: Choong Keith Wai Keong , Kwok Matthew Ming Kei , Shen Yi , Gerard Jean‐Marc , Teh Bing Mei
Published: February 2022

Objective

The objectives of this review are to identify the types of materials with their associated complications and respective considerations when used to obliterate the mastoid cavity.

Methods

A systematic search was performed across PubMed, Embase, Medline and Cochrane databases from January 2009 to January 2020 for randomized controlled trials and observational studies of patients that underwent mastoid obliteration. Studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were screened and scored according to the MINORS and relevance scores to determine final inclusion. Types of complications were grouped into minor and major complications based on the Clavien‐Dindo classification.

Results

Two thousand five hundred and seventy‐eight ears were evaluated. There were a total of 165 (7.9%) minor and 142 (6.8%) major complications in the autologous group. Overall complication rate is 14.8%. The major complications were largely recurrent and residual disease requiring revision surgery. There were 10 (18.5%) minor complications and three (5.6%) major complications in the allogenic group. The cumulative complications risk is 24%. For the synthetic group, there were 39 (8.0%) minor and 34 (7.6%) major complications. The cumulative complication rate is 16.6%.

Conclusion

Current evidence on materials for mastoid obliteration has been evolving. Each material has its strengths and limitations. The trend over the last decade favours the use of autologous materials. The principle of using a material remains being cautious of not reimplanting skin that can lead to the development of a cholesteatoma. The choice of materials is dependent on patient factors as well as the surgeons' preference and experience.