bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Program Evaluation of Healthy Moves™: A Community-Based Trainer in Residence Professional Development Program to Support Generalist Teachers With Physical Education Instruction
Authors: Johnson-Shelton Deborah , Ricci Jeanette , Westling Erika , Peterson Missy , Rusby Julie C.
Published: January 2022

Background: Elementary school teachers are often responsible for teaching physical education to their students, with little formal training in that instruction. This study evaluates a trainer in residence professional development program designed to improve physical education instructional attitudes and practices in elementary school generalist teachers. Methods: Participants were 139 teachers and 3577 first to fifth grade students at 11 public elementary schools in Oregon. Program evaluation measures included pre- and postteacher surveys on teacher attitudes and practices toward teaching physical education for fidelity, postprogram lesson observations for sustainability, and teacher-reported program barriers to and facilitators of feasibility. A multivariate repeated-measures analysis of covariance test assessed changes in teacher attitudes and practices related to physical education instruction. Results: There were main effects of time observed for teacher encouragement and enthusiasm and physical education teaching practices (F2,127 = 9.68, P < .001, ). Postprogram observations indicated sustained use of activity components and an average of 86% of physical education class time spent with students engaged in moderate to vigorous levels of physical activity. Conclusions: The trainer in residence community-based approach shows promise as an appropriate professional development strategy for generalist teachers responsible for physical education instruction. However, a longer duration, randomized control trial is needed to determine the efficacy of these programs in promoting student physical education outcomes.
Structural basis for continued antibody evasion by the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain
Authors: Nabel Katherine G. , Clark Sarah A. , Shankar Sundaresh , Pan Junhua , Clark Lars E. , Yang Pan , Coscia Adrian , McKay Lindsay G. A. , Varnum Haley H. , Brusic Vesna , Tolan Nicole V. , Zhou Guohai , Desjardins Michaël , Turbett Sarah E. , Kanjilal Sanjat , Sherman Amy C. , Dighe Anand , LaRocque Regina C. , Ryan Edward T. , Tylek Casey , Cohen-Solal Joel F. , Darcy Anhdao T. , Tavella Davide , Clabbers Anca , Fan Yao , Griffiths Anthony , Correia Ivan R. , Seagal Jane , Baden Lindsey R. , Charles Richelle C. , Abraham Jonathan
Published: January 2022

Many studies have examined the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants on neutralizing antibody activity after they have become dominant strains. Here, we evaluate the consequences of further viral evolution. We demonstrate mechanisms through which the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) can tolerate large numbers of simultaneous antibody escape mutations and show that pseudotypes containing up to seven mutations, as opposed to the one to three found in previously studied variants of concern, are more resistant to neutralization by therapeutic antibodies and serum from vaccine recipients. We identify an antibody that binds the RBD core to neutralize pseudotypes for all tested variants but show that the RBD can acquire an N-linked glycan to escape neutralization. Our findings portend continued emergence of escape variants as SARS-CoV-2 adapts to humans.
Klinefelter syndrome presenting with perinatal ascites associated with unilateral renal agenesis and a prostatic utricle cyst
Authors: Lim Xuxin , Rai Rambha , Chandran Suresh , Jacobsen Anette Sundfor
Published: January 2022

We present a rare case of Klinefelter syndrome who presented with perinatal ascites, unilateral renal agenesis and a prostatic utricle cyst. The patient was born at term via emergency Caesarean section with gross abdominal distension. Antenatally, amniocentesis revealed a fetal karyotype of Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY), and the 34-week ultrasound scan showed a cyst measuring 17×21×27 mm located inferior–posterior to the bladder. There was no ascites noted then, but a small left pelvic kidney was present. Ultrasound kidney, ureter and bladder as well as CT scan of the thorax, abdomen and pelvis done at birth showed a solitary right kidney with large-volume ascites and no evidence of a cyst adjacent to the bladder. These findings suggest urinary ascites from an involuting left renal system or a ruptured prostatic utricle cyst. We report the first case of Klinefelter syndrome associated with a prostatic utricle cyst and unilateral renal agenesis, presenting with neonatal ascites.
Diffuse pattern, orbital invasion, perineural invasion and Ki-67 are associated with nodal metastasis in patients with eyelid sebaceous carcinoma
Authors: Gu Xiang , Xie Minyue , Luo Yingxiu , Song Xin , Xu Shiqiong , Fan Xianqun
Published: January 2022

Background

Metastasis dominates the prognosis of eyelid sebaceous carcinoma (SC). This study aimed to explore risk factors for nodal metastasis and develop a nomogram to predict nodal metastasis in patients with eyelid SC.

Methods

A retrospective case–control study was performed, comprising 320 patients with eyelid SC. Cox analyses were employed to investigate predictors of metastasis-free survival (MFS), and a nomogram was established and validated by the bootstrap method.

Results

Forty patients (12.5%) developed nodal metastasis during a median follow-up of 48.0 months, and the median period between the initial treatment and first nodal metastasis was 18.5 months (range 6.0–80.0 months). The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year nodal metastasis rates were 5.5%, 12.5% and 15.4%, respectively. Diffuse pattern (HR: 4.34, 95% CI 1.75 to 10.76, p=0.002), orbital invasion at presentation (HR: 3.22, 95% CI 1.42 to 7.33, p=0.005), perineural invasion (HR: 3.24, 95% CI 1.11 to 9.49, p=0.032) and high Ki-67 percentage (HR: 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.05, p<0.001) were identified as independent risk factors for nodal metastasis. A nomogram that integrated these four factors had a C-index of 0.785, demonstrating a strong power in predicting nodal metastasis of eyelid SC.

Conclusions

We identified risk factors for nodal metastasis and developed a nomogram to provide individualised estimates of nodal metastasis for eyelid SC patients and guide postoperative management. This nomogram contained clinicopathological factors besides the T category of the TNM staging system and suggesting great clinical value.
Longitudinal changes of early motor and cognitive symptoms in progressive supranuclear palsy: the OxQUIP study
Authors: Pereira Marta F , Buchanan Tim , Höglinger Günter U , Bogdanovic Marko , Tofaris George , Prangnell Simon , Sarangmat Nagaraja , FitzGerald James J , Antoniades Chrystalina A
Published: January 2022

Background

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare neurodegenerative condition characterised by a range of motor and cognitive symptoms. Very little is known about the longitudinal change in these symptoms over time. Moreover, the effectiveness of clinical scales to detect early changes in PSP is still a matter of debate.

Objective

We aimed to determine longitudinal changes in PSP features using multiple closely spaced follow-up time points over a period of 2 years.

Methods

28 healthy control and 28 PSP participants, with average time since onset of symptoms of 1.9 years, were prospectively studied every 3 months for up to 24 months. Changes from baseline scores were calculated at each follow-up time point using multiple clinical scales to identify longitudinal progression of motor and cognitive symptoms.

Results

The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, but not the Mini-Mental State Examination, detected cognitive decline at baseline. Both scales revealed poor longitudinal sensitivity to clinical change in global cognitive symptoms. Conversely, the Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson’s disease Rating Scale – part III and the PSP Rating Scale (PSPRS) reliably detected motor decline less than 2 years after disease onset. The ‘Gait/Midline’ PSPRS subscore consistently declined over time, with the earliest change being observed 6 months after baseline assessment.

Conclusion

While better cognitive screening tools are still needed to monitor cognitive decline in PSP, motor decline is consistently captured by clinical rating scales. These results support the inclusion of multiple follow-up time points in longitudinal studies in the early stages of PSP.
Prospective cohort study of topical versus general anaesthesia for flexible bronchoscopy
Authors: Feng Di , Gu Ye , Liu Li , Shen Lei , Shi Hong
Published: January 2022

Background

Topical anaesthesia (TA) and general anaesthesia (GA) are performed for flexible bronchoscopy (FB) worldwide. However, few studies have compared the two anaesthesia methods in terms of perioperative discomforts.

Methods

648 patients undergoing FB were recruited in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, a specialised medical centre in China, from January 2019 to December 2019. The patients underwent FB under TA or GA. The TA group received 1% lidocaine by nasal route, and the GA group received total intravenous anaesthesia. The level of perioperative discomfort and patient satisfaction were assessed. The investigators were blind to the group allocation.

Results

Finally, 239 patients received TA and 182 patients received GA. The basic demographic properties were comparable between two groups. There were no significant differences in terms of sore throat, 61.5% in TA group vs 57.1% in GA group. However, there was a significant difference in terms of postoperative nausea and vomiting (34.3% in TA group vs 56.6% in GA group), and dizziness (37.7% in TA group vs 78% in GA group). There was a significant difference in terms of total complication scores (17.2 ± 5.1 in TA group vs 7.7 ± 4.3 in GA group) and satisfaction degree of patients (2.6 ± 1.1 in TA group vs 4.3 ± 0.8 in GA group).

Conclusions

Compared with TA, GA significantly reduced the total complication scores of perioperative discomforts and improved the satisfaction score of patients for FB.

Trial registration number

This clinical trial was registered with www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR1800019971).
Consolidation mechanism of high-water-content slurry during vacuum preloading with prefabricated vertical drains
Authors: Sun Hong-lei , He Zi-li , Pan Kun , Lu Jing-ling , Pan Xiao-dong , Shi Li , Geng Xue-yu
Published: January 2022

Vacuum preloading combined with prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) has been widely used to improve soft clayey soil deposits. However, the consolidation deformation of high-water-content slurry under vacuum pressure is still not fully understood. In this study, the displacement field of the slurry during vacuum preloading was directly observed using the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique. The test results showed that the displacement field of the slurry could be divided into three different zones that reflect distinct consolidation patterns. In zones I and III, the slurry was predominantly compressed along the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, whereas in zone II, compression occurred in both vertical and horizontal directions. In particular, the slurry elements in zones I and II underwent horizontal extension prior to horizontal compression. The study also visualized the boundary of the soil column and provided an equation for the relation between soil column thickness and consolidation time, which could provide a reference for the theoretical consolidation calculations related to soil columns.
Post COVID-19 complications, adjunct therapy explored, and steroidal after effects
Authors: Sonkar Charu , Hase Vaishnavi , Banerjee Durba , Kumar Awanish , Kumar Rajesh , Jha Hem Chandra
Published: January 2022

For COVID-19 survivors, defeating the virus is just the beginning of a long road to recovery. The inducibility and catastrophic effects of the virus are distributed across multiple organs. The induction of cytokine storms in COVID-19 patients is due to the interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the host receptor, leading to various immunopathological consequences that may eventually lead to death. So far, COVID-19 has affected tons of people across the world, but there is still no effective treatment. Patients facing complications of COVID-19 after recovery have shown extensive clinical symptoms similar to that of patients recovering from previously circulating coronaviruses. Previous knowledge and literature have opened up ways to treat this disease and manage post-COVID-19 complications, which pose a severe challenge to the health system globally and may exacerbate the fragmentation of diseases. The use of steroids as a treatment has resulted in various health problems and side-effects in COVID-19 patients. This review discusses various post-COVID-19 complications observed and adjunctive therapies used along with common COVID-19 treatment and spotlights their side effects and consequences. This review provides the latest literature on COVID-19, which emphasizes the subsequent complications in various organs, side effects of drugs, and alternative regimens used to treat COVID-19.
Antibiotic use in commercial broiler chicken farming and its consequential resistance development in root colonizing bacteria of carrot grown in manure-applied soils in a middle-income country
Authors: Dandeniya Warshi S. , Herath Erandi M. , Lowe Ayesh M. , Kasinthar Mathaniga , Jinadasa Rasika N. , Vidanarachchi Janak K. , Samarakone Thusith S.
Published: January 2022

Broiler chicken litter (BCL) is a cheap manure for vegetable crops in developing countries. Extensive antibiotic use in poultry production could increase antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in manure and eventually in crop root microbiome. We investigated the prevalence of ARB in BCL from medium- and large-scale farms (n = 33) and in carrot (Daucus carota) grown in BCL-applied soils in Sri Lanka. All the BCL samples contained aerobic bacteria resistant to 10 μg·mL−1 of oxytetracycline or enrofloxacin. The abundance of ARB determined by viable plate-count method ranged from 0.05% to 30.10% of aerobic bacterial population. Soil from two fields applied with BLC for 3 yr (short history, SH) and 10 yr (long history, LH) were treated with BCL (10%, w/w) and oxytetracycline (10 and 100 mg·kg−1) in a pot experiment alongside an unamended control. Adding BCL and oxytetracycline had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on the abundance of oxytetracycline-resistant epiphytic and endophytic bacteria (EEB) in carrot roots at harvest. Both total and oxytetracycline-resistant EEB increased significantly (P < 0.05) with the application of BCL to LH soil but not to SH soil. Carrot sold at retailed markets (n = 30) contained epiphytic bacteria resistant to 1 μg·mL−1 oxytetracycline (4.13 ± 0.207 log10CFU·g−1 dry carrot). High minimum inhibitory concentrations for oxytetracycline (≥128 μg·mL−1) were observed in 83% and 50% of ARB isolates obtained from BCL (n = 18) and carrot (n = 24), respectively. Results confirmed that BCL acts as a carrier of ARB, and continuous application of BCL to soil increased the prevalence of ARB among EEB in carrot.
Spatial Heterogeneity of Coupling Coordination Development between Logistics and Economy in Central Plains of China
Authors: Zhou Guangliang , Zhao Congyu , Wu Ming , Chen Yu , Zhou Fuli
Published: January 2022

The coupling of logistics and economy is of great significance for regional development. To promote the regional development of urban agglomeration in Central Plains of China, this paper attempts to study the spatial divergence of coupling development and the influential factors. The 30 urban cities in Central Plains of China have been regarded as the research objects. We develop an integrated framework to derive the coupling degree between logistics and economy in this region including linear weighting method, coupling coordination degree model, and exploratory spatial data analysis. The spatial pattern of the coupling coordination degree between logistics and economy is studied by the visualization evolution analysis. In addition, the GWR model is formulated to study the influential factors of regional coupling development. The results show that (1) the integrated development level of logistics industry and economy in the Central Plains City Cluster is low, and the development difference between regions is significant; (2) the overall coupling and coordination level of logistics industry and economy in the Central Plains City Cluster is not high and is at the stage of imminent disorder; in space, it presents a spatial pattern of “high in the center and low around”; (3) the coupling coordination degree around each region and city is a strong positive spatial correlation and agglomeration situation significantly; (4) the ranking of the influence degree of each driving factor from high to low is urbanization rate; science and technology level; education level; and population density.
Feature Fusion-Based Improved Capsule Network for sEMG Signal Recognition
Authors: Wang Wanliang , You Wenbo , Wang Zheng , Zhao Yanwei , Wei Sheng
Published: January 2022

This paper proposes a feature fusion-based improved capsule network (FFiCAPS) to improve the performance of surface electromyogram (sEMG) signal recognition with the purpose of distinguishing hand gestures. Current deep learning models, especially convolution neural networks (CNNs), only take into account the existence of certain features and ignore the correlation among features. To overcome this problem, FFiCAPS adopts the capsule network with a feature fusion method. In order to provide rich information, sEMG signal information and feature data are incorporated together to form new features as input. Improvements made on capsule network are multilayer convolution layer and e-Squash function. The former aggregates feature maps learned by different layers and kernel sizes to extract information in a multiscale and multiangle manner, while the latter grows faster at later stages to strengthen the sensitivity of this model to capsule length changes. Finally, simulation experiments show that the proposed method exceeds other eight methods in overall accuracy under the condition of electrode displacement (86.58%) and among subjects (82.12%), with a notable improvement in recognizing hand open and radial flexion, respectively.
Efficacy of CAD/CAM Glass Fiber Posts for the Restoration of Endodontically Treated Teeth
Authors: Gutiérrez Maira Alejandra , Guerrero Camilo Alejandro , Baldion Paula Alejandra
Published: January 2022

Objective. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an overview of available scientific evidence regarding the comparative efficacy of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) glass fiber posts with prefabricated and metal cast posts for the restoration of endodontically treated teeth (ETT). Methods. This systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Electronic and manual searches were performed using the PubMed, SciELO, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases. The reference lists of the selected papers were reviewed to identify relevant papers. There were no year restrictions, and eligible studies were those in English publications and describing in vitro studies evaluating intraradicular retainers (IRs) for (i) fracture resistance, (ii) bond strength, (iii) adaptation, and (iv) cement layer thickness. Literature reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, case reports, in vitro studies with <8 specimens, and noncomparative trials involving prefabricated or metal cast posts were excluded. The authors of this review independently screened the search results, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Results. No significant differences were found in fracture resistance between prefabricated and CAD/CAM glass fiber posts or between CAD/CAM glass fiber and metal cast posts, although the latter demonstrated higher fracture resistance than the prefabricated glass fiber posts. Restoration with a full crown was not necessary to increase the fracture resistance in the presence of the ferrule effect. CAD/CAM glass fiber and metal cast posts had higher bond strength, lower nanoleakage, and better adaptation to the root canal. Conclusions. Despite the heterogeneity of methodologies and results reported, the results of these studies indicated that the CAD/CAM glass fiber and metal cast posts showed greater efficacy in terms of fracture resistance, retention, and adaptation, compared to prefabricated glass fiber posts.
CD4+ T Cells Promote IgG Production in MHC-Independent and ICAM-1-Dependent Manners in Pristane-Induced Lupus Mice
Authors: Liu Shuai , Li Yu-mei , Li Jin-zhi , Wang Shu-jun , Ji Ping , Zhang Mei-yu , Wang Ying
Published: January 2022

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibody production and chronic inflammation. The etiology and pathogenesis of SLE are complicated in which dysfunction of CD4+ T cells is largely engaged. In this study, we investigated the manners of CD4+ T cells in antibody production in a lupus-like mouse model through peritoneal injection of pristane reagent. With the increase in total IgG/IgM and autoantibody production after 6 months, CD4+ T cells exhibited activated phenotypes with the elevated CD44, ICOS, OX40, and PD-1 expression. Pristane injection induced the increase in IgM levels in both wild-type and T cell-deficient TCRα-/- mice whereas IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a production was impaired. When adoptively transferring CD4+ T cells into T cell-deficient mice or coculturing CD4+ T cells and B cells in vitro, it was found that CD4+ T cells derived from pristane-treated mice could help the production of total IgG as well as IgG1/IgG2a in a more efficient manner both in vivo and in vitro. While MHC was dispensable for IgG production, ICAM-1 likely functioned as an attenuating factor for IgG production. Our study thus reveals that CD4+ T cells in pristane-treated mice play important roles in IgG production, which implies the critical roles in the induction of pathological autoantibodies in MHC-independent and ICAM-1-dependent manners.
BRAF Inhibitors Reprogram Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts to Drive Matrix Remodeling and Therapeutic Escape in Melanoma
Authors: Liu Tianyi , Zhou Linli , Xiao Yao , Andl Thomas , Zhang Yuhang
Published: January 2022

The tumor stroma and its cellular components are known to play an important role in tumor response to treatment. Here, we report a novel resistance mechanism in melanoma that is elicited by BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi)–induced noncanonical activation of nuclear β-catenin signaling in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). Treatment with BRAFi leads to an expanded CAF population with increased β-catenin nuclear accumulation and enhanced biological properties. This CAF subpopulation is essential for melanoma cells to proliferate and acquire resistance to BRAFi/MEK inhibitors (MEKi). Mechanistically, BRAFi induces BRAF-CRAF heterodimerization and subsequent activation of ERK signaling in CAFs, leading to inactivation of the β-catenin destruction complex. RNA-seq identified periostin (POSTN) as a major downstream effector of β-catenin in CAFs. POSTN compensates for the loss of β-catenin in CAFs and mediates melanoma cell BRAFi/MEKi resistance. In melanoma cells, POSTN activates phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling and subsequently reactivates the ERK pathway that was inhibited by BRAFi/MEKi. Collectively, these data underscore the role of BRAFi-induced CAF reprogramming in matrix remodeling and therapeutic escape of melanoma cells.

Significance:

β-Catenin activation in cancer-associated fibroblasts in response to BRAF inhibitors stimulates POSTN secretion to promote resistance in cancer cells, revealing POSTN as a potential matrix target in cancer therapy.
Plasma Metabolomics and Breast Cancer Risk over 20 Years of Follow-up among Postmenopausal Women in the Nurses' Health Study
Authors: Brantley Kristen D. , Zeleznik Oana A. , Rosner Bernard , Tamimi Rulla M. , Avila-Pacheco Julian , Clish Clary B. , Eliassen A. Heather
Published: January 2022

Background:

Metabolite profiles provide insight into biologic mechanisms contributing to breast cancer development. We explored the association between prediagnostic plasma metabolites (N = 307) and invasive breast cancer among postmenopausal women in a nested case–control study within the Nurses' Health Study (N = 1,531 matched pairs).

Methods:

Plasma metabolites were profiled via LC/MS-MS using samples taken ≥10 years (distant, N = 939 cases) and <10 years (proximate, N = 592 cases) before diagnosis. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to estimate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) comparing the 90th to 10th percentile of individual metabolite level, using the number of effective tests (NEF) to account for testing multiple correlated hypotheses. Associations of metabolite groups with breast cancer were evaluated using metabolite set enrichment analysis (MSEA) and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), with adjustment for the FDR.

Results:

No individual metabolites were significantly associated with breast cancer risk. MSEA showed negative enrichment of cholesteryl esters at the distant timepoint [normalized enrichment score (NES) = −2.26; Padj = 0.02]. Positive enrichment of triacylglycerols (TAG) with <3 double bonds was observed at both timepoints. TAGs with ≥3 double bonds were inversely associated with breast cancer at the proximate timepoint (NES = −2.91, Padj = 0.03).

Conclusions:

Cholesteryl esters measured earlier in disease etiology were inversely associated with breast cancer. TAGs with many double bonds measured closer to diagnosis were inversely associated with breast cancer risk.

Impact:

The discovered associations between metabolite subclasses and breast cancer risk can expand our understanding of biochemical processes involved in cancer etiology.
Implementing Strategies at the Workplace Level to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening Uptake in Argentina: A Controlled Interrupted Time-series Study
Authors: Bardach Ariel Esteban , Pichon-Riviere Andres , Gibbons Luz , Alonso Juan Pedro , Virgilio Sacha Alexis , Belizán María , Comolli Mariana , González Lucas Angel
Published: January 2022

Colorectal cancer is the third most common neoplasm. The immunochemical fecal occult blood test (iFOBT) is recommended for screening. The worksite setting has great potential to deliver preventive interventions. We aimed to design and evaluate the feasibility and potential impact of a multicomponent strategy in a workplace [Internal Revenue Agency of the Province of Buenos Aires (ARBA from its acronym in Spanish “Agencia de Recaudación de Buenos Aires”) in Argentina].

We used a quasi-experimental research design, a controlled interrupted time-series (ITS). The study involved: (i) a preintervention period (July 2015–September 2018); and (ii) an intervention period (October 2018–February 2019). We used semi-structured interviews and focus groups to design the intervention and to ensure feasibility and implementability. We fitted segmented linear regression models to evaluate changes in the monthly rates per 10,000 tests done in ARBA employees and controlling for the proportion of tests done in non-ARBA workers. A total of 1,552 ARBA employees aged 50 or more participated. Overall, iFOBT mean uptake rates were 16 times higher in the intervened during the five-month intervention period, remaining statistically significant after adjusting by the proportion of tests done in the control group (P < 0.001). The effect was higher in women aged 50 to 59 years. Activities were suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A multifaceted workplace-based intervention proved to be feasible and acceptable to increase the uptake of colorectal cancer screening in employees of Argentina. Achieving high implementation rates requires building a healthy relationship with the partner organization, adding their values and views, and establishing agreed-upon mechanisms.

Prevention Relevance:

Employee-facing multifaceted worksite cancer screening interventions are a valuable means to increase knowledge and utilization of workers. The controlled ITS showed that colorectal cancer screening mean uptake rates were 16 times higher in the intervened versus the control population during the intervention period, particularly among women aged 50 to 75.
Comparative Safety and Effectiveness of Sotalol Versus Dronedarone After Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Wharton John Marcus , Piccini Jonathan P. , Koren Andrew , Huse Samuel , Ronk Christopher J.
Published: January 2022

Background

Atrial tachyarrhythmias are common after atrial fibrillation ablation, so adjunctive antiarrhythmic drug therapy is often used. Data on the effectiveness and safety of dronedarone and sotalol after AF ablation are limited. Here, we compared health outcomes of patients who underwent an ablation and were treated with dronedarone versus sotalol.

Methods and Results

A comparative analysis of propensity score–matched retrospective cohorts was performed using Merative™ (formerly IBM) MarketScan Research Databases. Patients treated with dronedarone after atrial fibrillation ablation were matched 1:1 to patients treated with sotalol between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2017. Outcomes of interest included cardiovascular hospitalization, proarrhythmia, repeat ablation, and cardioversion. This study was exempt from institutional review board review. Among 37 589 patients who underwent atrial fibrillation ablation, 2230 were treated with dronedarone and 3986 with sotalol after ablation. Propensity‐score matching resulted in 2224 patients receiving dronedarone matched 1:1 to patients receiving sotalol. Risk of cardiovascular hospitalization was lower with dronedarone versus sotalol at 3 months (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.73 [95% CI: 0.61–0.87]). 6 months (aHR, 0.73 [95% CI: 0.62–0.85] and 12 months after ablation (aHR, 0.79 [95% CI: 0.69–0.90]). Risk of repeat ablation and cardioversion generally did not differ between the 2 groups. A lower risk of proarrhythmia was associated with dronedarone versus sotalol at 3 months (aHR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.66–0.89]), 6 months (aHR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.70–0.91]), and 12 months (aHR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.75–0.95]) after ablation.

Conclusions

These data suggest that dronedarone may be a more effective and safer alternative after ablation than sotalol.
Neurology Trainee Attitudes Toward Neurointervention: Results From an International Survey
Authors: Das Saurav , Mokin Maxim , Sheth Sunil A. , Jagolino‐Cole Amanda , Jadhav Ashutosh P. , Ortega‐Gutiérrez Santiago , White Robin Novakovic , Al‐Mufti Fawaz , Hassan Ameer E. , Nguyen Thanh N. , Fifi Johanna T. , Narayanan Sandra , Masoud Hesham E. , Zaidat Osama , Linfante Italo , Grotta James , Nogueira Raul G. , Liebeskind David S. , Liang Conrad
Published: January 2022

Background

The rapidly changing treatment landscape for large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke, now more than ever, has added to the complexity of emergent decision making and the demand for neurointerventionists. Ensuring exposure of neurology trainees to neurointervention and the availability of well‐defined pathways for those interested in this career is crucial. Here we report the results from our large survey of neurology trainee attitudes toward neurointervention training.

Methods

An online survey targeting trainee impressions on the current state of vascular neurology, neurocritical care, and neurointervention training was conducted as a mandatory requirement for trainee registration in the Society for Vascular and Interventional Neurology Break meeting in April 2020. Quantitative results are reported in proportions, and qualitative results are described. Chi‐square test was used to determine association between categorical variables.

Results

Of the 725 respondents from 49 countries who participated in this conference, 450 (62%) were trainees. A total of 30% of trainees did not have access to neurointervention training, and 40% believed that neurology residency, vascular neurology, or neurocritical care fellowship do not adequately prepare them for a career in neurointervention. A total of 237/321 (73%) trainees whose institutional neurointervention practice included neurologists or a mix of subspecialty backgrounds including a neurologist had an opportunity to spend elective time in a neurology–angiography suite compared with 49/89 (55%) if the institutional neurointervention practice consisted of neurosurgeons or radiologists alone (P=0.001). A total of 49% of trainees each preferred the introduction of a mandatory or an elective neurointervention module during residency. A total of 60% of trainees preferred no to minimal exposure at the medical student level.

Conclusions

This international survey of trainees reinforces the existing gap in neurointervention exposure for neurology trainees. Inclusion of neurointervention faculty that come from a neurology training background and exposure to neurointervention will be crucial to support trainees interested in a neurointervention career pathway.
Pretrial Theta Band Activity Affects Context-dependent Modulation of Response Inhibition
Authors: Wendiggensen Paul , Ghin Filippo , Koyun Anna Helin , Stock Ann-Kathrin , Beste Christian
Published: January 2022

The ability to inhibit a prepotent response is a crucial prerequisite of goal-directed behavior. So far, research on response inhibition has mainly examined these processes when there is little to no cognitive control during the decision to respond. We manipulated the “context” in which response inhibition has to be exerted (i.e., a controlled or an automated context) by combining a Simon task with a go/no-go task and focused on theta band activity. To investigate the role of “context” in response inhibition, we also examined how far theta band activity in the pretrial period modulates context-dependent variations of theta band activity during response inhibition. This was done in an EEG study applying beamforming methods. Here, we examined n = 43 individuals. We show that an automated context, as opposed to a controlled context, compromises response inhibition performance and increases the need for cognitive control. This was also related to context-dependent modulations of theta band activity in superior frontal and middle frontal regions. Of note, results showed that theta band activity in the pretrial period, associated with the right inferior frontal cortex, was substantially correlated with context-dependent modulations of theta band activity during response inhibition. The direction of the obtained correlation provides insights into the functional relevance of a pretrial theta band activity. The data suggest that pretrial theta band activity reflects some form of attentional sampling to inform possible upcoming processes signaling the need for cognitive control.
Unified Coding of Spectral and Temporal Phonetic Cues: Electrophysiological Evidence for Abstract Phonological Features
Authors: Monahan Philip J. , Schertz Jessamyn , Fu Zhanao , Pérez Alejandro
Published: January 2022

Spoken word recognition models and phonological theory propose that abstract features play a central role in speech processing. It remains unknown, however, whether auditory cortex encodes linguistic features in a manner beyond the phonetic properties of the speech sounds themselves. We took advantage of the fact that English phonology functionally codes stops and fricatives as voiced or voiceless with two distinct phonetic cues: Fricatives use a spectral cue, whereas stops use a temporal cue. Evidence that these cues can be grouped together would indicate the disjunctive coding of distinct phonetic cues into a functionally defined abstract phonological feature. In English, the voicing feature, which distinguishes the consonants [s] and [t] from [z] and [d], respectively, is hypothesized to be specified only for voiceless consonants (e.g., [s t]). Here, participants listened to syllables in a many-to-one oddball design, while their EEG was recorded. In one block, both voiceless stops and fricatives were the standards. In the other block, both voiced stops and fricatives were the standards. A critical design element was the presence of intercategory variation within the standards. Therefore, a many-to-one relationship, which is necessary to elicit an MMN, existed only if the stop and fricative standards were grouped together. In addition to the ERPs, event-related spectral power was also analyzed. Results showed an MMN effect in the voiceless standards block—an asymmetric MMN—in a time window consistent with processing in auditory cortex, as well as increased prestimulus beta-band oscillatory power to voiceless standards. These findings suggest that (i) there is an auditory memory trace of the standards based on the shared [voiceless] feature, which is only functionally defined; (ii) voiced consonants are underspecified; and (iii) features can serve as a basis for predictive processing. Taken together, these results point toward auditory cortex's ability to functionally code distinct phonetic cues together and suggest that abstract features can be used to parse the continuous acoustic signal.
The Political Representation of Colombian Women in the Havana Dialogues (2012–2016)
Authors: Mendes Isa Lima
Published: January 2022

This article discusses the inclusion of Colombian women in the Havana Dialogues with FARC through the theoretical lens of political representation. It chooses representation over the vaguer notion of inclusion to further politicize this debate. Since women’s inclusion is recognized as a major achievement of the process, the article attempts to reframe the discussion by enquiring whether Colombian women were represented in the process, and, if yes, which women and how. It argues that women’s inclusion was possible due to their multilevel articulation and a reluctant and diffuse representative dynamic bringing together female negotiators, the Gender Sub-commission and women’s movements.
St. Francis Xavier—“Patrón desta jornada”: Jesuit Writings and the Spanish Re-Appropriation of the Pacific
Authors: Rodríguez-Rodríguez Ana M.
Published: January 2022

The figure of St. Francis Xavier was a tool used in Spanish texts as an instrument to increase the prestige and dissemination of colonial endeavors. In the seventeenth century, amidst the tense rivalry between the Spanish and the Portuguese empires, several Jesuit writings take a stand in support of the Spanish monarchy’s interests in Asia, reinforcing the legitimacy of its conquests and the appropriateness of Spain’s intervention in the area. This article studies two of these texts: Diego de Bobadillas’s Relación de las gloriosas victorias and Diego Calleja’s San Francisco Javier, el Sol en Oriente, focusing on the textual strategies employed in them to vindicate the fight against Muslims in the Philippines and the wider Spanish intervention in the Pacific through the celebration of St. Francis’s endeavors.
Radiomics Analysis to Enhance Precise Identification of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation Based on Positron Emission Tomography Images of Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Li Hui , Gao Chao , Sun Yingying , Li Aojie , Lei Wang , Yang Yuming , Guo Ting , Sun Xilin , Wang Kan , Liu Manhua , Cui Daxiang
Published: January 2022

How to recognize precisely epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation in lung cancer patients owns great clinical requirement. In this study, 1575 radiomics features were extracted from PET images of 75 lung cancer patients based on contrast agents such as18F-MPG and18F-FDG. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for single factor analysis, the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (Lasso) Regression was used for feature screening, then the radiomics classification models were established by using support vector machines and ten-fold cross-validation, and were used to identify EGFR mutation in primary lung cancers and metastasis lung cancers, accuracy based on18F-MPG PET images are respectively 90% for primary lung cancers, and 89.66% for metastasis lung cancers, accuracy based on18F-FDG PET images are respectively 76% for primary lung cancers and 82.75% for metastasis lung cancers. The area under the curves (AUC) based on18F-MPG PET images are respectively 0.94877 for primary lung cancers, and 0.91775 for metastasis lung cancers, AUC based on18F-FDG PET images are respectively 0.87374 for primary lung cancers, and 0.82251 for metastasis lung cancers. In conclusion, both18F-MPG PET images and18F-FDG PET images combined with established classification models can identify EGFR mutation, but18F-MPG PET images have more precisely than18F-FDG PET images, own clinical translational prospects.
Development of Antibody-Conjugated Gold and Magnetic Nanocomposites for the Colorimetric Detection of Influenza A Virus
Authors: Ye Liqun , Zhang Xiaohong , Yang Ningning , Zhao Shunxin , Wang Hongmin , Wang Zhicun
Published: January 2022

A novel approach for the detection of influenza virus is of paramount importance for quick diagnosis and therapy. In this study monoclonal antibody (mAb)-conjugated MNPs/AuNPs were developed to detect the H1N1 virus. MNPs and AuNPs were synthesized and loaded with
mAbs. The UV-vis spectra exhibited absorbance at 528 nm. XRD revealed the presence of crystalline particles with various diffraction peaks. FTIR confirmed the occurrence of capping molecules in the synthesized NPs. NP stability was evidenced by zeta measurements. The shape and size (mean size
15 nm) of the NPs were determined using SEM and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In this study the mAb–AuNPs produced a redshift in the absorption spectrum due to plasmon coupling. The absorption increased when H1N1 concentration increased from 0 to 5.0 ng/mL,
with the detection limit being 0.05 ng/mL. The sensitivity of mAb–AuNPs was greater than that of ELISA. Since the mAb-AuNP-based colorimetric immunosensor is simple, cost-effective, and rapidly detects H1N1, it has good prospects in pharmaceuticals and clinical
diagnosis.
Using Cloud Computing to Analyze Model Output Archived in Zarr Format
Authors: Gowan Taylor A. , Horel John D. , Jacques Alexander A. , Kovac Adair
Published: January 2022

Numerical weather prediction centers rely on the Gridded Binary Second Edition (GRIB2) file format to efficiently compress and disseminate model output as two-dimensional grids. User processing time and storage requirements are high if many GRIB2 files with size O(100 MB, where B = bytes) need to be accessed routinely. We illustrate one approach to overcome such bottlenecks by reformatting GRIB2 model output from the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction to a cloud-optimized storage type, Zarr. Archives of the original HRRR GRIB2 files and the resulting Zarr stores on Amazon Web Services (AWS) Simple Storage Service (S3) are available publicly through the Amazon Sustainability Data Initiative. Every hour, the HRRR model produces 18- or 48-hourly GRIB2 surface forecast files of size O(100 MB). To simplify access to the grids in the surface files, we reorganize the HRRR model output for each variable and vertical level into Zarr stores of size O(1 MB), with chunks O(10 kB) containing all forecast lead times for 150 × 150 gridpoint subdomains. Open-source libraries provide efficient access to the compressed Zarr stores using cloud or local computing resources. The HRRR-Zarr approach is illustrated for common applications of sensible weather parameters, including real-time alerts for high-impact situations and retrospective access to output from hundreds to thousands of model runs. For example, time series of surface pressure forecast grids can be accessed using AWS cloud computing resources approximately 40 times as fast from the HRRR-Zarr store as from the HRRR-GRIB2 archive.

Significance Statement

The rapid evolution of computing power and data storage have enabled numerical weather prediction forecasts to be generated faster and with more detail than ever before. The increased temporal and spatial resolution of forecast model output can force end users with finite memory and storage capabilities to make pragmatic decisions about which data to retrieve, archive, and process for their applications. We illustrate an approach to alleviate this access bottleneck for common weather analysis and forecasting applications by using the Amazon Web Services (AWS) Simple Storage Service (S3) to store output from the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model in Zarr format. Zarr is a relatively new data storage format that is flexible, compressible, and designed to be accessed with open-source software either using cloud or local computing resources. The HRRR-Zarr dataset is publicly available as part of the AWS Sustainability Data Initiative.
The importance of competition and consumer law in regulating gig work and beyond
Authors: Hardy Tess , McCrystal Shae
Published: January 2022

Much ink has been spilt on why gig workers should be brought into the protective fold of mainstream employment law. Much less time has been spent considering the advantages and disadvantages of regulating gig work through alternative regulatory frameworks, such as via competition and consumer laws. In part, this is because we generally understand this jurisdiction to be inherently anti-collective. However, significant changes within competition and consumer regulation in Australia challenge our pre-existing assumptions about the potential role and utility of this jurisdiction for protecting the rights of the self-employed, including gig workers. The High Court decision in Workpac v Rossato, emphasising contractual formalism, also impels some reconsideration of the utility of commercial law solutions given that there is unlikely to be any expansion of labour law protections any time soon. In this short paper, we summarise two key developments in this space. First, we discuss the provisions relating to unfair contract terms under the Australian Consumer Law, which are about to be substantially enhanced. Second, we explore a class exemption introduced by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, which effectively permits collective bargaining by small businesses, including those engaged in platform work. This article will critically examine each of these developments and weigh up their potential in addressing some of the most pressing issues facing non-employed workers in the gig economy and beyond.