bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH KEBIASAAN BELAJAR DAN KEPERCAYAAN DIRI TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA
Authors: Ardianti Rukmana Rina , Sripatmi  , Humaira Salsabila Nilza , Hayati Laila
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui masing-masing pengaruh dan besar pengaruh antara kebiasaan belajar dan kepercayaan diri terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas X SMAN 2 Narmada tahun pelajaran 2021/2022. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian ex post facto. Variabel dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari variabel bebas yaitu kebiasaan belajar dan kepercayaan diri, dan variabel terikatnya yaitu hasil belajar matematika. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu seluruh siswa kelas X IPA SMAN 2 Narmada dengan jumlah 39 siswa. Adapun sampel yang digunakan adalah sampel jenuh dimana seluruh populasi menjadi sampel dalam penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner dan metode tes. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis statistik inferensial dengan analisis korelasi parsial serta regresi linier sederhana yang sebelumnya terlebih dahulu dilakukan uji prasyarat yaitu uji normalitas, uji linearitas, dan uji multikolinearitas. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa: 1) kebiasaan belajar memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa dengan besar pengaruh sebesar 11,2%; 2) kepercayaan diri memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa dengan besar pengaruh sebesar 11,1%.
Development and application on strawberries of edible coatings based on yam and corn starch added with Rio Grande cherry
Authors: Alexandre Laryssa Ana , Bosmuler Zuge Luana Carolina
Published: February 2023

This work aimed to evaluate the properties of biofilms based on corn and yam starch incorporated with Rio Grande cherry (Eugenia involucrata DC) and its encapsulates and use them as a coating on strawberries. The extraction of phenolic compounds from the Rio Grande cherry was optimized, and total flavonoids, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity were analyzed for the best point. Five compositions of the film-forming solution based on yam and corn starch were evaluated and analyzed for thickness, opacity, moisture content, solubility, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity. In addition, antifungal analyses, water loss and color change were performed on the strawberries with and without coating. The cherry extract had a total phenolic content of 526.85 mg EAG 100 g−1 and high antioxidant activity (16.99 μM Trolox g−1 in ABTS; 31.71 mM ferrous sulfate g−1 in FRAP; 94.96% in b-carotene assay), as well as inhibition of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae microorganisms. Adding 2% of starch and 20% of plasticizer in relation to the starch had the best overall results. Films with 0.5% fruit content had greater antioxidant activity than those with 0.03% encapsulate. Film thickness increased when encapsulated agents or fruit were incorporated, but opacity decreased. The solubility of the films changed from 0.34% for corn starch to 0.30% for encapsulate and 0.37% for fruit; yam starch films were completely soluble. Strawberries with yam starch film had the lowest water loss. Films without plasticizers showed colony formation on the seventh day of analysis. Thus, it is suggested that incorporating Rio Grande cherry fruit and its encapsulates in edible toppings could be feasible.
Pandemia en Argentina: EdTech y cambios en el trabajo docente
Authors: Dughera Lucila , Bordignon Fernando Raúl Alfredo
Published: February 2023

La educación distribuida de emergencia que la pandemia de COVID -19 impuso en los hogares, amplificó y acentuó el uso de tecnologías digitales en el ejercicio del trabajo docente, específicamente a partir de la producción de bienes informacionales y el uso de plataformas. En este contexto, distintas corporaciones del sector informacional incrementaron sus negocios al proveer software y servicios informáticos a los sistemas educativos. Dicho estado de situación trajo aparejado una serie de cambios en el trabajo docente que van mucho más allá de cuestiones didácticas.
A los efectos de explorar las potenciales transformaciones en la labor docente, realizamos un trabajo de campo consistente en una encuesta a maestros y profesores argentinos (muestra autoseleccionada de 205 casos), que ampliamos con datos provenientes de fuentes secundarias y una investigación anterior. De manera central, se indagó acerca de: a) producción de recursos educativos en pandemia, tipos y tiempo insumido, b) reconocimientos por la labor realizada y c) percepción de cambios en el trabajo docente.
Del análisis de los testimonios se evidencia, en primer lugar, que la pandemia condujo a que gran parte de los docentes se conviertan en trabajadores informacionales a partir de la producción de bienes digitales, el uso de plataformas para la mediación pedagógica y la automatización de ciertas tareas. Esta transformación se configura en diálogo estrecho con una serie de cambios en el trabajo docente: tiempo de trabajo, gestión del aula y malestar en la salud.  La discusión que aquí planteamos consiste en advertir, por un lado, que resulta impreciso y limitado referir únicamente a digitalización en el mundo del trabajo y, por otro lado, que las tendencias ya identificadas en diferentes ámbitos laborales -informacionalización, plataformización y automatización- requieren ser interpretadas a la luz del trabajo docente en pandemia.
La privatización de la Universidad Latinoamericana y los mecanismos de financiamiento como estrategia política. Un estudio de casos
Authors: Atairo Daniela , Trotta Lucia , Saforcada Fernanda
Published: February 2023

Las Conferencias Regionales de Educación Superior (CRES) han establecido en América Latina que la educación superior es un bien público y un derecho. Esto plantea enormes desafíos ya que se trata de una de las regiones más privatizadas del globo y con una creciente expansión de la Industria Educativa Global (IEG).   

El artículo presentará un panorama general para luego profundizar en las políticas de financiamiento como estrategias, no siempre evidentes, de privatización.

En particular, se analizará la introducción de mecanismos de financiamiento a la demanda como nueva forma de profundización de los procesos de privatización y mercantilización de la educación superior. Esto es cómo programas de becas y créditos– que se presentan como políticas de inclusión- promueven una creciente transferencia de subsidios públicos al sector privado en el marco de una equiparación entre ambos sectores, lo que beneficia económicamente y fortalece políticamente a la IEG.

Esta tendencia se potenció durante la pandemia sobre la construcción discursiva de una “vulnerabilidad financiera del sector privado”, propiciando medidas gubernamentales para asistir al sector promovidas por actores regionales y organismos internacionales.

Este articulo sintetiza los resultados de una investigación sobre estas temáticas para América Latina, que focaliza en un estudio de casos instrumental y múltiple (Chile, Perú y República Dominicana).
Analysis of Fake Authorship from the Perspective of Communication and Hermeneutics
Authors: Najafi Hamed
Published: February 2023

Literary works such as scientific works, after being created, inevitably attract people's attention and somehow, a kind of communication would be stablished between the work and the author. This communication is realized when it is efficient. Communication is effective if the authors of the work are real. Based on all hermeneutic theories, knowing the true authors, has a great impact on the formation of effective communication between the author and his audience through the interpretation and understanding of the text. When an unreal author is included in the work, the understanding of the audience is disturbed and effective communication is not formed. The main issue of this article is what effect does unreal creation have on the understanding of the audience? By using an analytical-descriptive method, we have come to the conclusion that this type of creativity disturbs the audience's understanding and ultimately makes efficient communication difficult.
Bidirectional k-nearest neighbor spatial crowdsourcing allocation protocol based on edge computing
Authors: Zhang Jing , Ding Qian , Li Biao , Ye Xiucai
Published: February 2023

Spatial crowdsourcing refers to the allocation of crowdsourcing workers to each task based on location information. K-nearest neighbor technology has been widely applied in crowdsourcing applications for crowdsourcing allocation. However, there are still several issues need to be stressed. Most of the existing spatial crowdsourcing allocation schemes operate on a centralized framework, resulting in low efficiency of crowdsourcing allocation. In addition, these spatial crowdsourcing allocation schemes are one-way allocation, that is, the suitable matching objects for each task can be queried from the set of crowdsourcing workers, but cannot query in reverse. In this article, a bidirectional k-nearest neighbor spatial crowdsourcing allocation protocol based on edge computing (BKNN-CAP) is proposed. Firstly, a spatial crowdsourcing task allocation framework based on edge computing (SCTAFEC) is established, which can offload all tasks to edge nodes in edge computing layer to realize parallel processing of spatio-temporal queries. Secondly, the positive k-nearest neighbor spatio-temporal query algorithm (PKNN) and reverse k-nearest neighbor spatio-temporal query algorithm (RKNN) are proposed to make the task publishers and crowdsourcing workers conduct two-way query. In addition, a road network distance calculation method is proposed to improve the accuracy of Euclidean distance in spatial query scenarios. Experimental results show that the proposed protocol has less time cost and higher matching success rate compared with other ones.
Two new species of Cyatholaimidae (Nematoda: Chromadorida) from the Southeastern Brazilian coast with emphasis on the pore complex and lateral pore-like structures
Authors: Cunha Beatriz P. , Fonseca Gustavo , Amaral Antonia Cecília Z.
Published: February 2023

Cyatholaimidae is a common and diverse family of mainly marine nematodes, potentially, with a large number of species to be discovered. The taxonomy of the group is marked by a lack of information about the evolutionary history of the characters and of detailed descriptions of morphological structures that may be taxonomically relevant. Two new species of the family are described from a sublittoral region in Southeastern Brazil, emphasizing the importance of the distribution and morphology of pore complex and pore-like structures present on the cuticle. The taxonomic importance of the cuticle ornamentation and spicule shape for the Biarmifer species, as well as the precloacal supplements structures of Pomponema species, are discussed. Biarmifer nesiotes sp. nov. differs from other species of the genus by the presence of eight longitudinal rows of pore complex on the cuticle and by the shape of the copulatory structure. Pomponema longispiculum sp. nov. differs from the most similar species, P. stomachor Wieser, 1954, by the smaller number of turns of the amphidial fovea, the shorter tail and the beginning of the cuticle lateral differentiation (3/4 of the pharynx length vs. end of the pharynx, respectively). We also obtained the SSU rDNA sequence from Pomponema longispiculum sp. nov., which is closely related to Pomponema sp. (MN250093) by about 91%. Updated tabular keys to species identification of each genus (Biarmifer and Pomponema) are included, containing morphometric data, characters related to cuticle ornamentation, and copulatory structures.
The effects of age and central field loss on maintaining balance control when stepping up to a new level under time-pressure
Authors: Zult Tjerk , Timmis Matthew A. , Pardhan Shahina
Published: February 2023

Objective

To investigate the effects of age and central field loss on the landing mechanics and balance control when stepping up to a new level under time-pressure.

Methods

Eight older individuals with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), eight visually normal older and eight visually normal younger individuals negotiated a floor-based obstacle followed by a ‘step-up to a new level’ task. The task was performed under (1) no-pressure; (2) time-pressure: an intermittent tone was played that increased in frequency and participants had to complete the task before the tone ceased. Landing mechanics and balance control for the step-up task was assessed with a floor-mounted force plate on the step.

Results

Increased ground reaction forces and loading rates were observed under time-pressure for young and older visual normals but not for AMD participants. Across conditions, loading rates and ground reaction forces were higher in young normals compared to older normals and AMD participants. Young visual normals also demonstrated 35–39% shorter double support times prior to and during the step-up compared to older normals and AMD participants. All groups shortened their double support times (31–40%) and single support times (7–9%) in the time-pressure compared to no-pressure condition. Regarding balance control, the centre-of-pressure displacement and velocity in the anterior-poster direction were increased under time-pressure for young and older visual normals but not for AMD participants. The centre-of-pressure displacement and velocity in the medial-lateral direction were decreased for the AMD participants under time-pressure but not for young and older visual normals.

Conclusions

Despite walking faster, AMD participants did not adapt their landing mechanics under time-pressure (i.e., they remained more cautious), whilst older and young adults with normal vision demonstrated more forceful landing mechanics with the young being most forceful. A more controlled landing might be a safety strategy to maintain balance control during the step-up, especially in time-pressure conditions when balance control in the anterior-posterior direction is more challenged.
Disinfection efficacy of sodium hypochlorite and glutaraldehyde and their effects on the dimensional stability and surface properties of dental impressions: a systematic review
Authors: Qiu Yuan , Xu Jiawei , Xu Yuedan , Shi Zhiwei , Wang Yinlin , Zhang Ling , Fu Baiping
Published: February 2023

Objective

To systematically evaluate the disinfection efficacy of the two most frequently used disinfectants, sodium hypochlorite and glutaraldehyde, and their effects on the surface properties of four different dental impression materials.

Methods

A systematic literature search was performed in four databases until May 1st, 2022 to select the studies which evaluated disinfection efficacy of disinfectants or surface properties of dental impressions after chemical disinfection.

Main results

A total of 50 studies were included through electronic database searches. Of these studies, 13 studies evaluated disinfection efficacy of two disinfectants, and 39 studies evaluated their effects on the surface properties of dental impressions. A 10-minute disinfection with 0.5–1% sodium hypochlorite or 2% glutaraldehyde was effective to inactivate oral flora and common oral pathogenic bacteria. With regard to surface properties, chemical disinfection within 30 min could not alter the dimensional stability, detail reproduction and wettability of alginate and polyether impressions. However, the wettability of addition silicone impressions and the dimensional stability of condensation silicone impressions were adversely affected after chemical disinfection, while other surface properties of these two dental impressions were out of significant influence.

Conclusions

Alginate impressions are strongly recommended to be disinfected with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite using spray disinfection method for 10 min. Meanwhile, elastomeric impressions are strongly recommended to be disinfected with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite or 2% glutaraldehyde using immersion disinfection method for 10 min, however, polyether impression should be disinfected with 2% glutaraldehyde.
Diversity and distribution of orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Euglossini) in Belize
Authors: O’Neill Kevin M. , O’Neill Ruth P. , Delphia Casey M. , Burkle Laura A. , Runyon Justin B.
Published: February 2023

Background

Orchid bees are abundant and widespread in the Neotropics, where males are important pollinators of orchids they visit to collect fragrant chemicals later used to court females. Assemblages of orchid bees have been intensively surveyed in parts of Central America, but less so in Belize, where we studied them during the late-wet and early-dry seasons of 2015–2020.

Methods

Using bottle-traps baited with chemicals known to attract a variety of orchid bee species, we conducted surveys at sites varying in latitude, historical annual precipitation, elevation, and the presence of nearby agricultural activities. Each sample during each survey period consisted of the same number of traps and the same set of chemical baits, their positions randomized along transects.

Results

In 86 samples, we collected 24 species in four genera: Euglossa (16 species), Eulaema (3), Eufriesea (3), and Exaerete (2). During our most extensive sampling (December 2016–February 2017), species diversity was not correlated with latitude, precipitation, or elevation; species richness was correlated only with precipitation (positively). However, a canonical correspondence analysis indicated that species composition of assemblages varied across all three environmental gradients, with species like Eufriesea concava, Euglossa imperialis, and Euglossa viridissima most common in the drier north, and Euglossa ignita, Euglossa purpurea, and Eulaema meriana more so in the wetter southeast. Other species, such as Euglossa tridentata and Eulaema cingulata, were common throughout the area sampled. Mean species diversity was higher at sites with agricultural activities than at sites separated from agricultural areas. A Chao1 analysis suggests that other species should yet be found at our sites, a conclusion supported by records from adjacent countries, as well as the fact that we often added new species with repeated surveys of the same sites up through early 2020, and with the use of alternative baits. Additional species may be especially likely if sampling occurs outside of the months/seasons that we have sampled so far.
Accelerating Climate Change and the Living Earth
Authors: K. Betts Alan
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this mini-review article is to extend the discussion of the takeover of the climate system by the living Earth, colloquially known as Mother Nature, in response to the refusal of global societies to significantly reduce the burning of the fossil fuels that are driving the extreme climate change that is destroying life on Earth. So it is not an article limited to a conventional science perspective because of course the perspective of the Earth is not documented in the literature. The author is the only climate scientist working to present the perspective on Mother Nature in the science literature, because it is part of the reality we must deal with. This article will review my past work, and reframe in familiar social terms four keys to understanding the perspective of the living Earth. Some current climate extremes will then be reviewed.
Development of Mini Solar Tunnel Dryer and Validation of Thin Layer Drying Models for Pomegranate Seeds
Authors: Kumar Mohit , Mahore Aman , Kumar Choudhary Mukesh , . Lalita , Nalawade Rohit , Patel Abhishek , Kalbande S. R.
Published: February 2023

A portable MSTD (mini solar tunnel dryer) was developed and evaluated in terms of drying rate, MR (moisture ratio) and drying efficiency for drying of pomegranate seeds. The drying characteristic curves were also determined for drying in MSTD and OSD (open sun drying). In order to study the drying behaviour of pomegranate seeds in OSD and MSTD, seven different models were fitted. The best prediction model was determined to estimate drying kinetics as criteria for evaluating the goodness-of-fit based on R2, SSE and RMSE. The Approximation of Diffusion model was adequate to describe the drying kinetics of pomegranate seeds in OSD and MSTD with R2 value of 0.99189 and 0.9943, respectively. The MSTD was 7% more efficient in drying of pomegranate seeds compared to OSD without affecting the quality of seeds. The dryer can be used by the farmers as an alternative to sun drying for on field drying of their product without compromising the quality.
Level of Public Satisfaction with the Services of the Mataram City Regional Financial Agency in 2021
Authors: Demung Ida Wayan
Published: February 2023

The Regional Financial Board of the City of Mataram carries out its duties to serve the public interest directly or indirectly, including in the internal section and even covering several aspects, especially the taxpayer. The results of the assessment carried out become very important evaluation material in improving the quality of excellent and synergized services. The existing strengths in the strategy are expected to encourage increased employee performance to realize outcomes that are able to provide satisfaction to all stakeholders. The method used in this community satisfaction survey uses a quantitative approach. Data collection used a closed questionnaire with a Likert scale measurement. The results of the analysis of the community satisfaction index assessment at the Regional Finance Board include a sample of 477 respondents with an IKM score in 2021 of 77.90. The IKM Conversion Interval Value is 77.95, even from the Values: perception, interval, Conversion interval, service quality, and Service Unit Performance states that the performance of the Mataram City Regional Financial Agency in 2021 is in the "Good" category. can continuously improve and provide quality services and of course, be able to satisfy in various aspects.
Ode to Korotkov—Epilogue
Authors: Casey Donald E.
Published: February 2023

This poem is the epilogue to the author’s original poem “Ode to Korotkov.”
Factors Associated With Primary Care Physician Decision-making When Making Medication Recommendations vs Surgical Referrals
Authors: Naik Anusha , Syvyk Solomiya , Tong Jason , Wirtalla Chris , Barg Frances K. , Guerra Carmen E. , Mehta Shivan J. , Wender Richard , Merchant Raina M. , Kelz Rachel R.
Published: February 2023

Importance

Although objective data are used routinely in prescription drug recommendations, it is unclear how referring physicians apply evidence when making surgeon or hospital recommendations for surgery.

Objective

To compare the factors associated with the hospital or surgeon referral decision-making process with that used for prescription medication recommendations.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This qualitative study comprised interviews conducted between April 26 and May 18, 2021, of a purposive sample of 21 primary care physicians from a large primary care network in the Northeast US.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Main outcomes were the factors considered when making prescription medication recommendations vs referral recommendations to specific surgeons or hospitals for surgery.

Results

All 21 participant primary care physicians (14 women [66.7%]) reported use of evidence-based decision support tools and patient attributes for prescription medication recommendations. In contrast, for surgeon and hospital referral recommendations, primary care physicians relied on professional experience and training, personal beliefs about surgical quality, and perceived convenience. Primary care physicians cited perceived limitations of existing data on surgical quality as a barrier to the use of such data in the process of making surgical referrals.

Conclusions and Relevance

As opposed to the widespread use of objective decision support tools for guidance on medication recommendations, primary care physicians relied on subjective factors when making referrals to specific surgeons and hospitals. The findings of this study highlight the potential to improve surgical outcomes by introducing accessible, reliable data as an imperative step in the surgical referral process.
The braid of transformative learning, spirituality, and creativity: The impetus to create as well as critique
Authors: Tisdell Elizabeth J.
Published: February 2023

This chapter explores the interconnection of transformative learning, spirituality, and creativity, and how the discussion of these connections has unfolded since the new millennium.
Alumina Coatings Containing Niobium Pentoxide Polymorphs Prepared by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation of Aluminum
Authors: Trivinho-Strixino Francisco , Menck Maria Angélica C. , Pissolitto Yasmin B. , Araújo Patrícia S. , Santos Janaina S. , de Mendonça Vagner R.
Published: February 2023

This study explores the experimental parameters related to the production of Nb2O5 over alumina coatings produced by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) and evaluates its use in photocatalytic applications. The influence of niobium precursor concentration and the electrolyte temperature on the electrochemical, morphological, and compositional responses are investigated using chemometric tools. The experimental design provides a geometrical representation of experimental parameters and shows the effect of the anodizing conditions on the pore density and the anodization curves. The samples are prepared at a constant current (10 mA cm−2) under the PEO regime. The coatings reveal a porous structure and crystalline phases of Nb2O5 and γ‐Al2O3. A preliminary photodegradation test under UV radiation and utilizing Rhodamine B (RhB) solution shows the best photocatalytic performance for the sample produced by the highest Nb salt concentration (16.0 g L−1) and highest temperature (18.7 °C). These results are attributed to a higher niobium content in this sample and crystalline phases of Nb2O5 over the Al substrate.
Experimental and Numerical Studies of Densification and Grain Growth of 8YSZ during Flash Sintering
Authors: Wang Shufan , Mishra Tarini Prasad , Deng Yuanbin , Kaletsch Anke , Bram Martin , Broeckmann Christoph
Published: February 2023

As a promising sintering technique, flash sintering utilizes high electric fields to achieve rapid densification at low furnace temperatures. Various factors can influence the densification rate during flash sintering, such as ultrahigh heating rates, extra‐high sample temperatures, and electric field. However, the determining factor of the densification rate and the key mechanism during densification are still under debate. Herein, the densification and grain growth kinetic during flash sintering of 8 mol% Y2O3‐stabilized ZrO2 (8YSZ) is studied experimentally and numerically using finite element method (FEM). The roles of Joule heating and heating rate on the densification are investigated by comparing flash sintering with conventional sintering. An apparently smaller activation energy for the material transport resulting in densification is obtained by flash sintering ( =424 kJ mol−1) compared to the conventional sintering ( = 691 kJ mol−1). In addition, a constitutive model is implemented to study both the densification and the grain growth during flash and conventional sintering. Furthermore, the effect of electrical polarity on the density and the grain size evolution during flash sintering of 8YSZ is also investigated. The simulation results of average density and grain size inhomogeneity agree well with the experimental data.
All‐Printed Roll‐to‐Roll Perovskite Photovoltaics Enabled by Solution‐Processed Carbon Electrode
Authors: Beynon David , Parvazian Ershad , Hooper Katherine , McGettrick James , Patidar Rahul , Dunlop Tom , Wei Zhengfei , Davies Peter , Garcia‐Rodriguez Rodrigo , Carnie Matt , Davies Matthew , Watson Trystan
Published: February 2023

Perovskite photovoltaics have shown great promise in device efficiency but also the promise of scalability through solution‐processed manufacture. Efforts to scale perovskites have been taken through printable mesoporous scaffolds and slot die coating of flexible substrates roll‐to‐roll (R2R). However, to date there has been no demonstration of entirely R2R‐coated devices due to the lack of a compatible solution‐processable back electrode; instead, high‐value evaporated metal contacts are employed as a post process. Here, in this study, the combination of a low‐temperature device structure and R2R‐compatible solution formulations is employed to make a fully R2R printable device architecture overcoming interlayer incompatibilities and recombination losses. Therefore, the n–i–p device structure of SnO2/perovskite/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/carbon is employed to form an ohmic contact between a p‐type semiconductor and printable carbon electrode. In particular, the results show that the small‐scale device efficiencies of 13–14% are achieved, matching the device performance of evaporated gold electrodes. Also, this entirely R2R‐coated perovskite prototype represents a game changer, reaching over 10% (10.8) stabilized power conversion efficiency with unencapsulated long‐term stability retaining 84% of its original efficiency over 1000 h under 70% RH and 25 °C.
Spin‐Resolved Imaging of Antiferromagnetic Order in Fe4Se5 Ultrathin Films on SrTiO3
Authors: Zhang Wenhao , Zhang Zhi‐Mo , Nie Jin‐Hua , Gong Ben‐Chao , Cai Min , Liu Kai , Lu Zhong‐Yi , Fu Ying‐Shuang
Published: February 2023

Unraveling the magnetic order in iron chalcogenides and pnictides at atomic scale is pivotal for understanding their unconventional superconducting pairing mechanism, but is experimentally challenging. Here, by utilizing spin‐polarized scanning tunneling microscopy, real‐space spin contrasts are successfully resolved to exhibit atomically unidirectional stripes in Fe4Se5 ultrathin films, the plausible closely related compound of bulk FeSe with ordered Fe‐vacancies, which are grown by molecular beam epitaxy. As is substantiated by the first‐principles electronic structure calculations, the spin contrast originates from a pair‐checkerboard antiferromagnetic ground state with in‐plane magnetization, which is modulated by a spin–lattice coupling. These measurements further identify three types of nanoscale antiferromagnetic domains with distinguishable spin contrasts, which are subject to thermal fluctuations into short‐ranged patches at elevated temperatures. This work provides promising opportunities in understanding the emergent magnetic order and the electronic phase diagram for FeSe‐derived superconductors.
Fibro‐Gel: An All‐Aqueous Hydrogel Consisting of Microfibers with Tunable Release Profile and its Application in Wound Healing
Authors: Shen Yanting , Liu Yuan , Nunes Janine K. , Wang Chenmin , Xu Miao , To Michael K.T. , Stone Howard A. , Shum Ho Cheung
Published: February 2023

Injectable hydrogels are valuable tools in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their unique advantages of injectability with minimal invasiveness and usability for irregularly shaped sites. However, it remains challenging to achieve scalable manufacturing together with matching physicochemical properties and on‐demand drug release for a high level of control over biophysical and biomedical cues to direct endogenous cells. Here, the use of an injectable fibro‐gel is demonstrated, a water‐filled network of entangled hydrogel microfibers, whose physicochemical properties and drug release profiles can be tailored to overcome these shortcomings. This fibro‐gel exhibits favorable in vitro biocompatibility and the capability to aid vascularization. The potential use of the fibro‐gel for advancing tissue regeneration is explored with a mice excision skin model. Preliminary in vivo tests indicate that the fibro‐gel promotes wound healing and new healthy tissue regeneration at a faster rate than a commercial gel. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the release of distinct drugs at different rates can further accelerate wound healing with higher efficiency, by using a two‐layer fibro‐gel model. The combination of injectability and tailorable properties of this fibro‐gel offers a promising approach in biomedical fields such as therapeutic delivery, medical dressings, and 3D tissue scaffolds for tissue engineering.
Toward Understanding Catalyst Layer Deposition Processes and Distribution in Anodic Porous Transport Electrodes in Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers
Authors: Bierling Markus , McLaughlin David , Mayerhöfer Britta , Thiele Simon
Published: February 2023

Finding the optimum structure in porous transport electrodes (PTEs) for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer anodes is one of the central current technological challenges. Both the structure of the porous transport layer (PTL) and its interaction with the catalyst layer are crucial in finding this optimum structure. In this regard, manufacturing the catalyst layer on top of a PTL as a structure‐building process must be understood to find improved transport electrode structures. This work presents a PTE tomography where the catalyst ink is directly processed on a PTL. The catalyst distribution of anodic PTEs is analyzed and compared via X‐ray microtomography and cross‐sectional imaging of embedded PTE samples. The majority of the catalyst lies within the first 100 µm of the PTE. Considering the penetration depth of the membrane, a maximum of 60% of the catalyst is effectively used. For the first time, a voxel‐based catalyst layer deposition model is created and analyzed that is based on simple assumptions in the deposition process. This deposition model fits very well with the previous tomographic analysis. In the future, this model will allow more profound insight into the manufacturing process and is an important prerequisite for a future optimum design of PTEs.
Tillage and cover crop mixtures interseeded in maize–soybean in the upper Midwest
Authors: KC Rabin , Johnson Gregg A. , Strock Jeffrey S. , Jordan Nicholas R. , Garcia y Garcia Axel
Published: February 2023

Ecosystem benefits of winter‐killed annual cover crops are less studied than winter hardy annuals. The objectives of this study were to determine (1) the effects of tillage practices and cover crop mixtures on biomass and soil cover of cover crops seeded into nearly mature maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and (2) if cover crop biomass can be estimated from soil surface coverage measurements. The study was conducted within two long‐term tillage trials from 2016 to 2018. Tillage included conventional—(CT), strip—(ST), and no‐till—(NT). Cover crops included annual ryegrass (AR; Lolium multiflorum L.); AR and crimson clover (CC; Trifolium incarnatum L.) mixture (ARCC); AR, CC, and forage radish (FR; Raphanus sativus L.) mixture (ARCCFR); and no‐cover (NC). Seeding rates for AR, ARCC, and ARCCFR were 28, 36, and 40.5 kg ha−1, respectively. The ARCCFR mix produced the most biomass (256 kg ha−1), followed by AR (174 kg ha−1) and ARCC (165 kg ha−1). Cover crop biomass was 260 and 136 kg ha−1 in maize and soybean; and 218, 201, and 177 kg ha−1 in CT, ST, and NT, respectively. Cover crop soil coverage between rows was 25% in maize and 14% in soybean. Cover crop biomass was associated with soil surface coverage (R2 = 0.841). Given that cover crop biomass drives ecosystem services associated with cover crops, limited biomass and ground coverage of winter killed cover crops seeded into nearly mature maize and soybean may not add ecosystem services in the upper Midwest.
Sagittal suture strain in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus and Cebus) during feeding
Authors: Byron Craig , Reed David , Iriarte‐Diaz Jose , Wang Qian , Strait David , Laird Myra F. , Ross Callum F.
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Morphological variation in cranial sutures is used to infer aspects of primate feeding behavior, including diet, but strain regimes across sutures are not well documented. Our aim is to test hypotheses about sagittal suture morphology, strain regime, feeding behavior, and muscle activity relationships in robust Sapajus and gracile Cebus capuchin primates.

Materials and Methods

Morphometrics of sinuosity in three regions of the sagittal suture were compared among museum specimens of Sapajus and Cebus, as well as in robust and gracile lab specimens. In vivo strains and bilateral electromyographic (EMG) activity were recorded from these regions in the temporalis muscles of capuchin primates while they fed on mechanically‐varying foods.

Results

Sapajus and the anterior suture region exhibited greater sinuosity than Cebus and posterior regions. In vivo data reveal minor differences in strain regime between robust and gracile phenotypes but show higher strain magnitudes in the middle suture region and higher tensile strains anteriorly. After gage location, feeding behavior has the most consistent and strongest impact on strain regime in the sagittal suture. Strain in the anterior suture has a high tension to compression ratio compared to the posterior region, especially during forceful biting in the robust Sapajus‐like individual.

Discussion

Sagittal suture complexity in robust capuchins likely reflects feeding behaviors associated with mechanically challenging foods. Sutural strain regimes in other anthropoid primates may also be affected by activity in feeding muscles.
B‐mode ultrasound and contrast‐enhanced ultrasound for evaluation of pneumonia: A pictorial essay
Authors: Safai Zadeh Ehsan , Alhyari Amjad , Kroenig Johannes , Görg Christian , Trenker Corinna , Dietrich Christoph F. , Findeisen Hajo
Published: February 2023

Due to their often peripheral pleural‐based location, pneumonias can be visualised by B‐mode ultrasound. Therefore, sonography can be used as an alternative imaging modality to chest X‐ray in suspected cases of pneumonia. Depending on the clinical background of the patient, and various underlying pathological mechanisms, a heterogeneous pattern of pneumonia is seen in both B‐mode lung ultrasound and contrast‐enhanced ultrasound. Here, we describe the spectrum of sonographic manifestations of pneumonic/inflammatory consolidation on B‐mode lung ultrasound and contrast‐enhanced ultrasound.
Directional Transformation of Heterometallic Oxo Clusters: A New Approach to Prepare Wide‐Bandgap Cathode Interlayers for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Xiao Guo‐Bin , Mu Xijiao , Zhou Shuyu , Zhu Liu , Peng Yong , Liang Qing , Zou Xiaoxin , Zhang Jian , Zhang Lei , Cao Jing
Published: February 2023

Typical wide‐band gap cathode interlayer materials are difficulty in reducing interface recombination without limiting charge transport in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, a lead‐doped titanium‐oxo cluster protected by S‐containing ligands is introduced at the interface of perovskite and SnO2. By in situ heating, the cluster is transformed into PbSO4‐PbTi3O7 heterostructure. The oxygen atoms from sulfate ion in heterostructure connect with iodine from perovskite to boost interfacial electron extraction and reduce charge recombination. While the yielded metallic interface between PbSO4 and PbTi3O7 promotes the electron transport across the interface. Finally, an efficiency as high as 24.2 % for the modified PSC is obtained. The heterostructure well‐stabilize the interface of perovskite and SnO2, to greatly improve the device stability. This work provides a novel strategy to prepare wide‐band gap cathode interlayer by directional transformation of heterometallic oxo clusters.
Tuning Hole Transport Properties via Pyrrole Derivation for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhou Junjie , Li Hang , Tan Liguo , Liu Yue , Yang Junliang , Hua Ruimao , Yi Chenyi
Published: February 2023

Hole transport materials (HTMs) with high hole mobility, good band alignment and ease of fabrication are highly desirable for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, we designed and synthesized novel organic HTMs, named T3, which can be synthesized in high yields with commercially available materials, featuring a substituted pyrrole core and triphenylamine peripheral arms. The capability of functionalization in the final synthetic step provides an efficient way to obtain a variety of T3‐based HTMs with tunable energy levels and other properties. Among them, fluorine‐substituted T3 (T3‐F) exhibits the best band alignment and hole extraction properties, leading to PSCs with outstanding PCEs of 24.85 % and 24.03 % (certified 23.46 %) for aperture areas of 0.1 and 1 cm2, respectively. The simple structure and tunable performance of T3 can inspire further optimization for efficient PSCs.
Regioisomeric Benzidine‐Fullerenes: Tuning of the Diverse Hole‐Distribution to Influence Charge Separation Patterns
Authors: Wang Chong , Wu Bo , Li Yang , Dong Tianyang , Chai Yongqiang , Zhang Yuhe , Wang Chunru
Published: February 2023

Understanding the influence of molecular structure on charge distribution and charge separation (CS) provides essential guidance for optoelectronic materials design. Here we propose a regioisomeric strategy to tune the diverse hole‐distribution, and probe the influence on CS patterns.Para‐,meta‐andortho‐substituted benzidine‐fullerene, named1 p,1 mand1 oare designed. Following CS, hole‐delocalization occurs in1 p, while hole‐localization exists in1 mand1 o. The rates of charge separation (4.02×1011 s−1) and recombination (9.8×109 s−1) of1 pis about 20 and 12 times faster than1 mand1 o, indicating thatpara‐determined delocalization promotes ultrafast CS, whilemeta‐andortho‐generated localization contributes to long‐lived CS states. Computational analysis further implies that localization results from the destruction of electronic conjugation for1 m, and limitation of conformational relaxation for1 o. Given that the universality and simplicity of regional isomerism, this work opens up new thoughts for molecular design with tunable charge separation patterns.
Spatial Localization of Two Enzymes at Pickering Emulsion Droplet Interfaces for Cascade Reactions
Authors: Li Ke , Zou Houbing , Ettelaie Rammile , Zhang Jingxia , Yang Hengquan
Published: February 2023

Developing biocatalytic cascades in abiological conditions is of utmost significance, but such processes often suffer from low reaction efficiency because of incompatible reaction environments and suppressed intermediate transportation. Herein we report a new type of biocatalytic cascade by localizing two different enzymes separately in the outer and inner interfacial layers of Pickering emulsion droplets. This versatile approach enables the localization of two enzymes in their preferred reaction microenvironments and simultaneously in nanoscale proximity of each other. The thus‐designed interfacial biocatalytic cascades show outstanding catalytic efficiency in alkene epoxidation and thioether oxidation with in situ generation of hydrogen peroxide under mild conditions, 6.9–13.6 times higher than the catalytic efficiency of the free enzymes in solution and their multi‐enzymatic counterparts. The remarkable interfacial effect of Pickering droplets was found to be responsible for the significantly enhanced cascading efficiency.
Hair, there and everywhere: A comparison of bat wing sensory hair distribution
Authors: Rummel Andrea D. , Sierra Melissa M. , Quinn Brooke L. , Swartz Sharon M.
Published: February 2023

Bat wing membranes are composed of specialized skin that is covered with small sensory hairs which are likely mechanosensory and have been suggested to help bats sense airflow during flight. These sensory hairs have to date been studied in only a few of the more than 1,400 bat species around the world. Little is known about the diversity of the sensory hair network across the bat phylogeny. In this study, we use high‐resolution photomicrographs of preserved bat wings from 17 species in 12 families to characterize the distribution of sensory hairs along the wing and among species. We identify general patterns of sensory hair distribution across species, including the apparent relationships of sensory hairs to intramembranous wing muscles, the network of connective tissues in the wing membrane, and the bones of the forelimb. We also describe distinctive clustering of these sensory structures in some species. We also quantified sensory hair density in several regions of interest in the propatagium, plagiopatagium, and dactylopagatia, finding that sensory hair density was higher proximally than distally. This examination of the anatomical organization of the sensory hair network in a comparative context provides a framework for existing research on sensory hair function and highlights avenues for further research.
Progression patterns and site‐specific responses in advanced gastric cancer patients treated with nivolumab
Authors: Kadono Toru , Iwasa Satoru , Nagashima Kengo , Oshima Kotoe , Yamamoto Shun , Hirano Hidekazu , Okita Natsuko , Shoji Hirokazu , Honma Yoshitaka , Takashima Atsuo , Kato Ken , Ushijima Toshikazu , Boku Narikazu
Published: February 2023

Background

While the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) reportedly varies among metastatic sites and progression patterns (classified as systemic progression [SP] or mixed progression [MP]), the clinical efficacy of ICIs against gastric cancer remains unclear. The response to nivolumab depending on metastatic site and clinical outcomes according to progression pattern in patients with advanced gastric cancer was investigated retrospectively.

Methods

Seventy‐four advanced gastric cancer patients with measurable lesions who received nivolumab monotherapy between 2015 and 2020 were enrolled. Progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival, response at each metastatic site, and clinical outcomes according to progression pattern were analyzed retrospectively. SP and MP were defined as progression in more than half of the lesions and progression in half or fewer of the lesions, respectively, in cases evaluated as progressive disease.

Results

Thirty‐five (47%) and 27 (36%) patients had SP and MP, respectively, and 12 (16%) patients experienced no progression. The progression rates of target lesions in the lung (44%) and liver (57%) were significantly higher than that in the lymph nodes (18%) (lung vs. lymph node, p < 0.001; liver vs. lymph node, p = 0.03). Patients with MP had superior PFS to those with SP (median, 2.6 vs. 1.5 months; HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.23–0.76; p = 0.004). In MP group, patients with treatment beyond progression (TBP) with nivolumab had a trend of longer post‐progression survival than those without TBP (median, 8.0 vs. 4.0 months; HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.23–1.29; p = 0.161).

Conclusion

Patients with MP had a longer PFS than those with SP. Lung and liver metastases had a poorer response to an ICI than lymph node metastases.
Chemo‐Enzymatic Synthesis of Long‐Chain Oligosaccharides for Studying Xylan‐Modifying Enzymes
Authors: Álvarez‐Martínez Ignacio , Ruprecht Colin , Senf Deborah , Wang Hsin‐tzu , Urbanowicz Breeanna R. , Pfrengle Fabian
Published: February 2023

Plant research is hampered in several aspects by a lack of pure oligosaccharide samples that closely represent structural features of cell wall glycans. An alternative to purely chemical synthesis to access these oligosaccharides is chemo‐enzymatic synthesis using glycosynthases. These enzymes enable the ligation of oligosaccharide donors, when activated for example as α‐glycosyl fluorides, with suitable acceptor oligosaccharides. Herein, the synthesis of xylan oligosaccharides up to dodecasaccharides is reported, with glycosynthase‐mediated coupling reactions as key steps. The xylo‐oligosaccharide donors were protected at the non‐reducing end with a 4‐O‐tetrahydropyranyl (THP) group to prevent polymerization. Installation of an unnatural 3‐O‐methylether substituent at the reducing end xylose of the oligosaccharides ensured good water solubility. Biochemical assays demonstrated enzymatic activity for the xylan acetyltransferase XOAT1 from Arabidopsis thaliana, xylan arabinofuranosyl‐transferase XAT3 enzymes from rice and switchgrass, and the xylan glucuronosyltransferase GUX3 from Arabidopsis thaliana. In case of the glucuronosyltransferase GUX3, MALDI‐MS/MS analysis of the reaction product suggested that a single glucuronosyl substituent was installed primarily at the central xylose residues of the dodecasaccharide acceptor, demonstrating the value of long‐chain acceptors for assaying biosynthetic glycosyltransferases.