bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An experimental test of temperature‐dependent selection on mitochondrial haplotypes in Callosobruchus maculatus seed beetles
Authors: Immonen Elina , Berger David , Sayadi Ahmed , Liljestrand‐Rönn Johanna , Arnqvist Göran
Published: September 2020

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) consists of few but vital maternally inherited genes that interact closely with nuclear genes to produce cellular energy. How important mtDNA polymorphism is for adaptation is still unclear. The assumption in population genetic studies is often that segregating mtDNA variation is selectively neutral. This contrasts with empirical observations of mtDNA haplotypes affecting fitness‐related traits and thermal sensitivity, and latitudinal clines in mtDNA haplotype frequencies. Here, we experimentally test whether ambient temperature affects selection on mtDNA variation, and whether such thermal effects are influenced by intergenomic epistasis due to interactions between mitochondrial and nuclear genes, using replicated experimental evolution in Callosobruchus maculatus seed beetle populations seeded with a mixture of different mtDNA haplotypes. We also test for sex‐specific consequences of mtDNA evolution on reproductive success, given that mtDNA mutations can have sexually antagonistic fitness effects. Our results demonstrate natural selection on mtDNA haplotypes, with some support for thermal environment influencing mtDNA evolution through mitonuclear epistasis. The changes in male and female reproductive fitness were both aligned with changes in mtDNA haplotype frequencies, suggesting that natural selection on mtDNA is sexually concordant in stressful thermal environments. We discuss the implications of our findings for the evolution of mtDNA.
Study design of Heart failure Events reduction with Remote Monitoring and eHealth Support (HERMeS)
Authors: Yun Sergi , Enjuanes Cristina , Calero Esther , Hidalgo Encarnación , Cobo Marta , Llàcer Pau , García‐Pinilla José Manuel , González‐Franco Álvaro , Núñez Julio , Morales‐Rull José Luis , Beltrán Paola , Delso Cristina , Freixa‐Pamias Román , Moliner Pedro , Corbella Xavier , Comín‐Colet Josep ,   the HERMeS trial investigators group
Published: September 2020

Aims

The role of non‐invasive telemedicine (TM) combining telemonitoring and teleintervention by videoconference (VC) in patients recently admitted due to heart failure (HF) (‘vulnerable phase’ HF patients) is not well established. The aim of the Heart failure Events reduction with Remote Monitoring and eHealth Support (HERMeS) trial is to assess the impact on clinical outcomes of implementing a TM service based on mobile health (mHealth), which includes remote daily monitoring of biometric data and symptom reporting (telemonitoring) combined with VC structured, nurse‐based follow‐up (teleintervention). The results will be compared with those of the comprehensive HF usual care (UC) strategy based on face‐to‐face on‐site visits at the vulnerable post‐discharge phase.

Methods and results

We designed a 24 week nationwide, multicentre, randomized, controlled, open‐label, blinded endpoint adjudication trial to assess the effect on cardiovascular (CV) mortality and non‐fatal HF events of a TM‐based comprehensive management programme, based on mHealth, for patients with chronic HF. Approximately 508 patients with a recent hospital admission due to HF decompensation will be randomized (1:1) to either structured follow‐up based on face‐to‐face appointments (UC group) or the delivery of health care using TM. The primary outcome will be a composite of death from CV causes or non‐fatal HF events (first and recurrent) at the end of a 6 month follow‐up period. Key secondary endpoints will include components of the primary event analysis, recurrent event analysis, and patient‐reported outcomes.

Conclusions

The HERMeS trial will assess the efficacy of a TM‐based follow‐up strategy for real‐world ‘vulnerable phase’ HF patients combining telemonitoring and teleintervention.
When is it wrong to eat animals? The relevance of different animal traits and behaviours
Authors: Leach Stefan , Sutton Robbie M. , Dhont Kristof , Douglas Karen M.
Published: September 2020

Research suggests that animals’ capacity for agency, experience, and benevolence predict beliefs about their moral treatment. Four studies built on this work by examining how fine‐grained information about animals’ traits and behaviours (e.g., can store food for later vs. can use tools) shifted moral beliefs about eating and harming animals. The information that most strongly affected moral beliefs was related to secondary emotions (e.g., can feel love), morality (e.g., will share food with others), empathy (e.g., can feel others' pain), social connections (e.g., will look for deceased family members), and moral patiency (e.g., can feel pain). In addition, information affected moral judgements in line with how it affected superordinate representations about animals’ capacity for experience/feeling but not agency/thinking. The results provide a fine‐grained outline of how, and why, information about animals’ traits and behaviours informs moral judgements.
The Rapid and Practical Route to Cu@PCR Sensor: Modification of Copper Nanoparticles Upon Conducting Polymer for a Sensitive Non‐Enzymatic Glucose Sensor
Authors: Ayranci Rukiye
Published: September 2020

In this work, rapid, sensitive, practical, and economical strategy for non‐enzymatic glucose sensor has been reported based on a modification of copper nanoparticles upon conducting polymer with high surface area (Cu@PCR). Firstly, PCR conducting polymer electrode (PCR) has been successfully fabricated by electrochemical polymerization of a specially synthesized and characterized star‐shaped carbazole derivative. Then copper nanoparticles have been successfully electrodeposited on the PCR as a practical method with cyclic voltammetry. The morphologies of the synthesized materials have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) measurements. The Cu@PCR sensor platform has been displayed a synergistic effect of high catalytical properties of copper nanoparticles and high electroactive properties of PCR towards the glucose oxidation in alkaline medium. The Cu@PCR sensor platform has shown high sensitivity of 847 μAmM−1cm−2, good stability (10 weeks), a low detection limit of 0.043 μM, and a fast response of 3 s for the non‐enzymatic electrochemical detection of glucose. This organic−inorganic hybrid composite sensor is a promising candidate for the fabrication of a highly sensitive and rapid glucose‐sensing with the simple preparation procedure and use of a low‐cost precursor.
Ready to Use Electrochemical Sensor Strip for Point‐of‐Care Monitoring of Serum Lithium
Authors: Singh Urvasini , Kumbhat Sunita
Published: September 2020

Looking to the toxicity quotient of lithium for human well being, a simple electrochemical sensor based on self assembled monolayer with physically adsorbed 6,6’‐dibenzyl‐14‐crown‐4 ether onto a screen printed gold sensor electrode is proposed, where changein voltammetric current signal of redox probe as a mediator, is the basis of transducer. The sensor is responsive to 0.1 mM to 2.5 mM lithium and selective over potassium, calcium and large excess of sodium in solution. The system is promising for real‐time selective recognition of lithium in a label free assay and for point‐of‐care lithium level monitoring in clinical and biomedical fields.
Coupled multi‐criteria decision‐making method: A new approach for environmental impact assessment of industrial companies
Authors: Mohebali Sajjad , Maghsoudy Soroush , Doulati Ardejani Faramarz
Published: September 2020

Multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) methods have various applications in different fields of science. These methods can also be used as environmental impact assessment (EIA) approaches. The diversity of results of different MCDM methods has led to the development of integration strategies. In this research, the EIA of a coal washing plant in Iran has been carried out by using MCDM methods comprising TOPSIS, PROMETHEE, and ELECTRE. In addition, the results of various MCDM‐EIA methods were combined using the most well‐known integration strategies: Borda, Copeland, and Kohler. The final MCDM‐EIA results ranked the environmental components of the coal washing plant. Ecology, Landscape, and Human health risks were recognized to be the most critical environmental components for the plant. Fuzzy AHP and Monte‐Carlo AHP methods produced the best results among various MCDM methods and had the same results as the final integration method. Finally, a method was proposed to evaluate the impacting factors of the plant. This method, which is called development plan evaluation (DPE), identifies the most influential factors based on the MCDM‐EIA process. By using the DPE approach, it is possible to revise the factory process and identify the harmful effects of an industrial project.
A comprehensive genetic and epidemiological association analysis of vitamin D with common diseases/traits in the UK Biobank
Authors: Ye Yixuan , Yang Hongxi , Wang Yaogang , Zhao Hongyu
Published: September 2020

Vitamin D has been intensively studied for its association with human health, but the scope of such association and the causal role of vitamin D remain controversial. We aim to comprehensively investigate the links between vitamin D and human health through both epidemiological and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. We examined the epidemiological associations between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and 90 diseases/traits in 326,409 UK Biobank (UKBB) Europeans. The causal relations between 25(OH)D and 106 diseases/traits were investigated by performing MR analysis using genome‐wide significant 25(OH)D‐associated variants (N = 143) from the largest UKBB GWAS to date. In epidemiological analysis, we found 25(OH)D was associated with 45 diseases/traits across cardiovascular/metabolic diseases, psychiatric/neurological diseases, autoimmune/inflammatory diseases, cancer, musculoskeletal diseases, and quantitative traits. In MR‐analysis, we presented evidence suggesting potential causal role of 25(OH)D in increasing height (β = .064, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.019–0.11) and preventing the risk of ovarian cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.93–0.99), multiple sclerosis (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.94–0.98), leg fracture (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.45–0.80) and femur fracture (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.32–0.84). These findings confirmed associations of vitamin D with a broad spectrum of diseases/traits and supported the potential causal role of vitamin D in promoting health.
The influence of social, psychological, and cognitive factors on the clinical course in older patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Orhan Melis , Huijser Janette , Korten Nicole , Paans Nadine , Regeer Eline , Sonnenberg Caroline , van Oppen Patricia , Stek Max , Kupka Ralph , Dols Annemiek
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Research on factors that contribute to recurrence in older adults with bipolar disorder (OABD) is sparse. Previous research showed that clinical factors (e.g., age of onset, lifetime psychotic features, and suicide risk) were not associated with the recurrence in OABD. In younger adults, worse social functioning, coping style, and worse cognitive functioning are found to be associated with an unfavorable course of bipolar disorder. Therefore, this study is focusing on social, psychological, and cognitive factors in OABD. More insight in these factors is essential in order to develop and further specify preventive and treatment interventions.

Methods

Data were used from the Dutch Older Bipolars (DOBi) cohort study. We included 64 patients for 3‐year follow‐up measurements, who were divided in a recurrent group and a nonrecurrent group. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess associations between social, psychological, and cognitive factors, and nonrecurrence.

Results

39.1% reported at least one recurrence during the 3‐year follow‐up period. No significant associations were found between the social, psychological, and cognitive factors and having a recurrence during the follow‐up period.

Discussion

Participants in the recurrent group were younger, more often female and less likely to have children. Our results suggest that results from the adult bipolar disorder population cannot be extrapolated to OABD patients, underlining the need for longitudinal studies in OABD.
Environmental deformations dynamically shift human spatial memory
Authors: Keinath Alexandra T. , Rechnitz Ohad , Balasubramanian Vijay , Epstein Russell A.
Published: September 2020

Place and grid cells in the hippocampal formation are commonly thought to support a unified and coherent cognitive map of space. This mapping mechanism faces a challenge when a navigator is placed in a familiar environment that has been deformed from its original shape. Under such circumstances, many transformations could plausibly serve to map a navigator's familiar cognitive map to the deformed space. Previous empirical results indicate that the firing fields of rodent place and grid cells stretch or compress in a manner that approximately matches the environmental deformation, and human spatial memory exhibits similar distortions. These effects have been interpreted as evidence that reshaping a familiar environment elicits an analogously reshaped cognitive map. However, recent work has suggested an alternative explanation, whereby deformation‐induced distortions of the grid code are attributable to a mechanism that dynamically anchors grid fields to the most recently experienced boundary, thus causing history‐dependent shifts in grid phase. This interpretation raises the possibility that human spatial memory will exhibit similar history‐dependent dynamics. To test this prediction, we taught participants the locations of objects in a virtual environment and then probed their memory for these locations in deformed versions of this environment. Across three experiments with variable access to visual and vestibular cues, we observed the predicted pattern, whereby the remembered locations of objects were shifted from trial to trial depending on the boundary of origin of the participant's movement trajectory. These results provide evidence for a dynamic anchoring mechanism that governs both neuronal firing and spatial memory.
Thermoeconomic analysis and multiobjective optimization of tubular heat exchanger network using different shapes of nanoparticles
Authors: Hajabdollahi Hassan , Masoumpour Babak , Ataeizadeh Mohammad
Published: September 2020

In this study, the effects of different nanoparticle shapes including blades, cylinders, and bricks on the thermoeconomic optimization of tubular heat exchanger (HE) networks have been studied. Boehmite alumina was used as nanoparticle and water as the base fluid. Optimal results were proposed to improve both thermal effectiveness and total annual cost simultaneously by eight design parameters. In addition, optimization was performed for four nanofluid mass flow rates, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 kg/s. The results show that the application of nanoparticles was accompanied by an improvement in the thermal economic parameters of the HE network, and this improvement rate was noticeable in higher values of effectiveness. However, the results indicate a nanofluid optimal mass flow rate of 1.5 kg/s, whereas there was no significant improvement by increasing mass flow rate to 2 kg/s. The optimum results in this paper showed that the best‐studied nanoparticle shape was blade, followed by brick and cylinder shapes. For example, 9.60%, 10.68%, and 11.20% improvements in the effectiveness were obtained in cylindrical, brick, and blade forms at a fixed cost of 3000 $/year, compared with BF. These improvements are 10.40%, 11.25%, and 11.52%, respectively, for the constant value of total annual cost = 4400 $/year.
A comparison on particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm performances in deriving the efficient frontier of stocks portfolios based on a mean‐lower partial moment model
Authors: Mahmoudi Armin , Hashemi Leila , Jasemi Milad , Pope James
Published: September 2020

In this paper, a portfolio optimization model on the basis of the risk measure of lower partial moment of the first order is discussed. Two meta‐heuristic methods of particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm performances are applied and compared from different aspects to derive the stocks portfolios efficient frontier. The data belongs to the monthly returns of 20 randomly selected and approved stocks in the New York Stock Exchange for the financial period of 2005–2011. The results prove that both algorithms are quite efficient in solving the mean‐lower partial moment of the first order model with the particle swarm optimization being superior.
To belong or not to belong: Protecting minority engagement in the face of discrimination
Authors: Heikamp Tobias , Phalet Karen , Van Laar Colette , Verschueren Karine
Published: September 2020

School belonging is pivotal in enabling sustained task engagement, yet minorities' belonging is contingent on the intergroup context. From a social identity approach, discrimination experiences elicit identity threat, undermining school belonging. Conversely, a positive diversity climate may shield belonging through protecting minority identities. This study addresses minority school belonging and task engagement from the interplay of identity threat and protection in diverse classrooms. We hypothesise that a positive diversity climate can buffer minority disengagement in response to discrimination by protecting school belonging. Drawing on Turkish and Moroccan minority samples (N = 1050) in 274 diverse classrooms in 52 Belgian secondary schools, we test multilevel models with school belonging as mediating process connecting minorities' engagement to the interplay of discrimination experiences with perceived diversity climate. Minority youth who experienced discrimination from teachers reported less school belonging, which in turn predicted lower task engagement. Conversely, minority perceptions of a positive diversity climate predicted more belonging. Moreover, perceived diversity climate buffered minority engagement against personal experiences of discrimination through protecting school belonging. Whereas discrimination experiences undermined minority school belonging and task engagement, minority perceptions of a positive diversity climate protected belonging and engagement against discrimination.
Institutional reform and irrigation water pricing in China*
Authors: Ni Wenjin , Dang Ping , Ding Kunlun
Published: September 2020

The management of irrigation schemes in China mainly adopts a management mode of combining professional management by irrigation scheme administration (an irrigation scheme management agency) and self‐independent management by farmers (a water users’ association). This paper summarizes the basic situation of the management system of irrigation schemes and water pricing of irrigation in China, the challenges faced, the progress of reform and the results obtained. Analyses are also given on the reform of professional management organizations of irrigation schemes, the development and roles of water users’ associations, and government support and policy safeguarding measures for the reform. An irrigation water fee is an important source of funds for the operation and maintenance of irrigation schemes. At present, the overall irrigation water price is far lower than the operation and maintenance cost of irrigation schemes, and the collection rate of water fees is relatively low. The comprehensive reform of irrigation water pricing and its progress are presented in this paper. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of Potential Drug‐Drug Interaction Risk of Pexidartinib With Substrates of Cytochrome P450 and P‐Glycoprotein
Authors: Zahir Hamim , Kobayashi Fumiaki , Zamora Cynthia , Gajee Roohi , Gordon Michael S. , Babiker Hani M. , Wang Qiang , Greenberg Jonathan , Wagner Andrew J.
Published: September 2020

Pexidartinib is approved for treatment of adults with symptomatic tenosynovial giant cell tumor. In vitro data showed pexidartinib's potential to inhibit and induce cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A, inhibit CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp). Herein, 2 open‐label, single‐sequence, crossover studies evaluated the drug‐drug interaction potential of pexidartinib on CYP enzymes (CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A) and P‐gp. Thirty‐two subjects received single oral doses of midazolam (CYP3A substrate) and tolbutamide (CYP2C9 substrate) alone and after single and multiple oral doses of pexidartinib. Twenty subjects received single oral doses of omeprazole (CYP2C19 substrate) and digoxin (P‐gp substrate) alone or with pexidartinib. Analysis of variance was conducted to determine the effect of pexidartinib on various substrates’ pharmacokinetics. No drug‐drug interaction was concluded if the 90% confidence interval of the ratio of test to reference was within the range 80% to 125%. Coadministration of single and multiple doses of pexidartinib resulted in 21% and 52% decreases, respectively, in the area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to the last measurable time point (AUClast) of midazolam, whereas AUClast values of tolbutamide increased 15% and 36%, respectively. Omeprazole exposure decreased on concurrent administration with pexidartinib, the metabolite‐to‐parent ratio was similar following omeprazole administration alone vs coadministration with pexidartinib; pexidartinib did not affect CYP2C19‐mediated metabolism. Maximum plasma concentrations of digoxin slightly increased (32%) with pexidartinib coadministration; no significant effect on digoxin AUClast. These results indicate that pexidartinib is a moderate inducer of CYP3A and a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9 and does not significantly affect CYP2C19‐mediated metabolism or P‐gp transport.
Malassezia spp. induce inflammatory cytokines and activate NLRP3 inflammasomes in phagocytes
Authors: Wolf Andrea J , Limon Jose J , Nguyen Christopher , Prince Alexander , Castro Anthony , Underhill David M
Published: September 2020

Malassezia spp. are common eukaryotic yeasts that colonize mammalian skin. Recently, the authors and others have observed that Malassezia globosa and Malassezia restricta can be found in the intestines in the context of certain diseases, including Crohn’s disease and pancreatic cancer. In order to better understand the nature of innate inflammatory responses to these yeasts, inflammatory responses induced by M. restricta and M. globosa in mouse bone marrow-derived Mϕs (BMDM) and dendritic cells (BMDC) are evaluated. While Malassezia yeasts induce proinflammatory cytokine production from both Mϕs and dendritic cells, the levels of production from BMDC were more pronounced. Both M. restricta and M. globosa activated inflammatory cytokine production from BMDC in large part through Dectin2 and CARD9 signaling, although additional receptors appear to be involved in phagocytosis and activation of reactive oxygen production in response to the yeasts. Both M. restricta and M. globosa stimulate production of pro-IL-1β as well as activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. NLRP3 inflammasome activation by Malassezia fungi requires SYK signaling, potassium efflux and actin rearrangement. Together, the data further the understanding of the coordinated involvement of multiple innate immune receptors in recognizing Malassezia globosa and Malassezia restricta and orchestrating phagocyte inflammatory and antimicrobial responses.
The dynamics of immune response in COVID‐19 patients with different illness severity
Authors: Zhang Bo , Yue Daoyuan , Wang Yun , Wang Feng , Wu Shiji , Hou Hongyan
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to analyze the dynamic changes of lymphocyte subsets and specific antibodies in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients with different illness severity. The amounts of lymphocyte subsets and the levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibody were retrospectively analyzed in 707 COVID‐19 cases. The amounts of lymphocyte subsets were significantly decreased with the increased severity of illness and the levels of IgM and IgG were lower in critical cases than severe and moderate cases. In deceased patients, the lymphocytes subsets were significantly lower than recovered patients. However, the relationship between the levels of IgM and IgG and the amounts of lymphocyte subsets were not significantly correlated. During different stages of COVID‐19, the total T cell, CD4+ T cell, and CD8+ T cell counts were gradually recovered to the normal levels in severe and critical groups but the changing trend was relatively stable in the moderate group. The production of IgM and IgG antibodies were delayed in critical groups but also could reach the peak levels at one month after illness onset and decreased to background levels. To detect the kinetics of lymphocytes and antibodies has important clinical value in predicting the illness severity and understanding the pathogenesis of COVID‐19.
A historical review of publication bias
Authors: Marks‐Anglin Arielle , Chen Yong
Published: September 2020

Publication bias is a well‐known threat to the validity of meta‐analyses and, more broadly, the reproducibility of scientific findings. When policies and recommendations are predicated on an incomplete evidence base, it undermines the goals of evidence‐based decision‐making. Great strides have been made in the last 50 years to understand and address this problem, including calls for mandatory trial registration and the development of statistical methods to detect and correct for publication bias. We offer an historical account of seminal contributions by the evidence synthesis community, with an emphasis on the parallel development of graph‐based and selection model approaches. We also draw attention to current innovations and opportunities for future methodological work.
Adult‐Onset KMT2B‐Related Dystonia Responsive to Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Winslow Nolan , Maldonado Andres , Zayas‐Rodriguez Luis , Lamichhane Dronacharya
Published: September 2020

View Supplementary Video 1
Concurrent Deep Brain Stimulation Reduces the Direct Cortical Stimulation Necessary for Motor Output
Authors: Weaver Kurt E. , Caldwell David J. , Cronin Jeneva A. , Kuo Chao‐Hung , Kogan Michael , Houston Brady , Sanchez Victor , Martinez Vicente , Ojemann Jeffrey G. , Rane Swati , Ko Andrew L.
Published: September 2020

Background

Converging literatures suggest that deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's disease affects multiple circuit mechanisms. One proposed mechanism is the normalization of primary motor cortex (M1) pathophysiology via effects on the hyperdirect pathway.

Objectives

We hypothesized that DBS would reduce the current intensity necessary to modulate motor‐evoked potentials from focally applied direct cortical stimulation (DCS).

Methods

Intraoperative subthalamic DBS, DCS, and preoperative diffusion tensor imaging data were acquired in 8 patients with Parkinson's disease.

Results

In 7 of 8 patients, DBS significantly reduced the M1 DCS current intensity required to elicit motor‐evoked potentials. This neuromodulation was specific to select DBS bipolar configurations. In addition, the volume of activated tissue models of these configurations were significantly associated with overlap of the hyperdirect pathway.

Conclusions

DBS reduces the current necessary to elicit a motor‐evoked potential using DCS. This supports a circuit mechanism of DBS effectiveness, potentially involving the hyperdirect pathway that speculatively may underlie reductions in hypokinetic abnormalities in Parkinson's disease. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Inhibitors of bromodomain and extra‐terminal proteins for treating multiple human diseases
Authors: Kulikowski Ewelina , Rakai Brooke D. , Wong Norman C. W.
Published: September 2020

Clinical development of bromodomain and extra‐terminal (BET) protein inhibitors differs from the traditional course of drug development. These drugs are simultaneously being evaluated for treating a wide spectrum of human diseases due to their novel mechanism of action. BET proteins are epigenetic “readers,” which play a primary role in transcription. Here, we briefly describe the BET family of proteins, of which BRD4 has been studied most extensively. We discuss BRD4 activity at latent enhancers as an example of BET protein function. We examine BRD4 redistribution and enhancer reprogramming in embryonic development, cancer, cardiovascular, autoimmune, and metabolic diseases, presenting hallmark studies that highlight BET proteins as attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. We review the currently available approaches to targeting BET proteins, methods of selectively targeting individual bromodomains, and review studies that compare the effects of selective BET inhibition to those of pan‐BET inhibition. Lastly, we examine the current clinical landscape of BET inhibitor development.
Neuropathies and vitamin D deficiency
Authors: Luo Jin Jun , Dun Nae J.
Published: September 2020

See article on pages E89–E90 in this issue.
Symptoms of anxiety and depression in surgical patients at the hospital, 6 weeks and 6 months postsurgery: A questionnaire study
Authors: Sveinsdóttir Herdís , Zoëga Sigríður , Ingadóttir Brynja , Blöndal Katrín
Published: September 2020

Aims

To describe prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression in surgical patients at three time points: at hospital postsurgery (T1), 6 weeks (T2) and 6 months (T3) postdischarge from hospital; and detect situations and experiences that predict symptoms of anxiety and depression at T2 and T3.

Design

Prospective, explorative two‐site follow‐up study.

Methods

Patients having selected surgeries from January–July 2016 were invited to participate. Final participation was 390 patients. Participation involved answering questionnaires, including the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). A stepwise multiple linear regression model was employed to calculate predictors of anxiety and depression.

Results

The proportion of patients presenting with moderate‐to‐severe anxiety or depression ranged from 5.4%–20.2% at different times. Major predictors of anxiety at both times were not feeling rested upon awakening and higher scores on HADS‐Anxiety at T1 and T2 and at T2 also experiencing more distressing postoperative symptoms. For depression, the major predictors were at both times higher scores on HADS‐Depression at T2 and T3 and also at T2 not feeling rested upon awakening and at T3 reporting delayed or very delayed recovery.

The four models explained from 43.9%–55.6% of the variance in symptoms of anxiety and depression. Our findings show that patients presenting with psychological distress at the hospital are in a vulnerable position. Also, that benefits of good sleep during the recovery should be emphasized during hospital stay.
Developing multiscale and integrative nature–people scenarios using the Nature Futures Framework
Authors: Pereira Laura M. , Davies Kathryn K. , den Belder Eefje , Ferrier Simon , Karlsson‐Vinkhuyzen Sylvia , Kim HyeJin , Kuiper Jan J. , Okayasu Sana , Palomo Maria G. , Pereira Henrique M. , Peterson Garry , Sathyapalan Jyothis , Schoolenberg Machteld , Alkemade Rob , Carvalho Ribeiro Sonia , Greenaway Alison , Hauck Jennifer , King Nicholas , Lazarova Tanya , Ravera Federica , Chettri Nakul , Cheung William W. L. , Hendriks Rob J. J. , Kolomytsev Grigoriy , Leadley Paul , Metzger Jean‐Paul , Ninan Karachepone N. , Pichs Ramon , Popp Alexander , Rondinini Carlo , Rosa Isabel , van Vuuren Detlef , Lundquist Carolyn J.
Published: September 2020

Scientists have repeatedly argued that transformative, multiscale global scenarios are needed as tools in the quest to halt the decline of biodiversity and achieve sustainability goals.

As a first step towards achieving this, the researchers who participated in the scenarios and models expert group of the Intergovernmental Science‐Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) entered into an iterative, participatory process that led to the development of the Nature Futures Framework (NFF).

The NFF is a heuristic tool that captures diverse, positive relationships of humans with nature in the form of a triangle. It can be used both as a boundary object for continuously opening up more plural perspectives in the creation of desirable nature scenarios and as an actionable framework for developing consistent nature scenarios across multiple scales.

Here we describe the methods employed to develop the NFF and how it fits into a longer term process to create transformative, multiscale scenarios for nature. We argue that the contribution of the NFF is twofold: (a) its ability to hold a plurality of perspectives on what is desirable, which enables the development of joint goals and visions and recognizes the possible convergence and synergies of measures to achieve these visions and (b), its multiscale functionality for elaborating scenarios and models that can inform decision‐making at relevant levels, making it applicable across specific places and perspectives on nature.

If humanity is to achieve its goal of a more sustainable and prosperous future rooted in a flourishing nature, it is critical to open up a space for more plural perspectives of human–nature relationships. As the global community sets out to develop new goals for biodiversity, the NFF can be used as a navigation tool helping to make diverse, desirable futures possible.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Administrative data identify sickle cell disease: A critical review of approaches in U.S. health services research
Authors: Grosse Scott D. , Green Nancy S. , Reeves Sarah L.
Published: September 2020

To identify people living with sickle cell disease (SCD) and study their healthcare utilization, researchers can either use clinical records linked to administrative data or use billing diagnosis codes in stand‐alone administrative databases. Correct identification of individuals clinically managed for SCD using diagnosis codes in claims databases is limited by the accuracy of billing codes in outpatient encounters. In this critical review, we assess the strengths and limitations of claims‐based SCD case‐finding algorithms in stand‐alone administrative databases that contain both inpatient and outpatient records. Validation studies conducted using clinical records and newborn screening for confirmation of SCD case status have found that algorithms that require three or more nonpharmacy claims or one inpatient claim plus two or more outpatient claims with SCD codes show acceptable accuracy (positive predictive value and sensitivity) in children and adolescents. Future studies might seek to assess the accuracy of case‐finding algorithms over the lifespan.
The gut microbiome in pediatric patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Masetti Riccardo , Zama Daniele , Leardini Davide , Muratore Edoardo , Turroni Silvia , Prete Arcangelo , Brigidi Patrizia , Pession Andrea
Published: September 2020

The gut microbiome (GM) has been associated with different clinical outcomes in the context of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Large multicenter cohort studies in adults have found significant correlations with overall survival, relapse, and incidence of complications. Moreover, GM is already a promising target for therapeutic interventions. However, few data are available in children, a population presenting unique features and challenges. During childhood, the GM evolves rapidly with large structural fluctuations, alongside with the maturation of the immune system. Furthermore, the HSCT procedure presents significant differences in children. These considerations underline the importance of a specific focus on the pediatric setting, and the role of GM and its age‐dependent trajectory in influencing the immunity reconstitution and clinical outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the available evidence in the field of GM and pediatric HSCT, highlighting age‐specific issues and discussing GM‐based therapeutic approaches.
The splitting tendency of uniaxially‐orientedPETtapes investigated with nano‐indentation, nano‐scratch, differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray
Authors: Sikder Arun Kumar , Kleppinger Ralf , Bashir Zahir , Freudenschuss G. , Fürst Herbert
Published: September 2020

Earlier, various additives werescreened to improve the weavability of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) tape. For predicting the weavability, three tests had been used: tensile impact strength, fibrillar versus puckered fracture and an axial folding test. This paper shows the possibility of using a simple nano‐indentation method to decide on the splintering tendency of uniaxially‐oriented PET tapes, as a predictor for weavability. A plasticity index derived from the nano‐indentation correlated with PET tapes that were, or were not, weavable. Nano‐scratches applied parallel and perpendicular to the tape also showed differences that could be correlated to the splitting tendency. While investigating these tests methods, it was observed that pure uniaxially‐ oriented PET tape heat set at 140°C had a non‐splintering character even without additives, while polymeric additives were needed to resist splintering for the tape heat set at 240°C. Calorimetry showed no difference in heat‐of‐fusion implying identical crystallinity in the tapes heat set at 140°C and 240°C. However, X‐ray studies revealed that the crystallites in the tape heat set at 140°C were smaller/and or imperfect, and hence there were more lateral tie‐molecules that provided it the splitting resistance. Pure PET tape if heat set below 150°C may be a workable solution for weaving, thereby dispensing with the need for toughening additives.
Nanostructured cigarette wrapper encapsulated PDMS‐RGO sandwiched composite for high performance EMI shielding applications
Authors: De Anurima , Bera Ranadip , Paria Sarbaranjan , Karan Sumanta Kumar , Das Amit Kumar , Maitra Anirban , Si Suman Kumar , Halder Lopamudra , Ojha Suparna , Khatua Bhanu Bhusan
Published: September 2020

Here, we report a unique hybrid sandwich‐type composite structure consisting of waste cigarette wrapper (CW) inserted in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composite matrix that displays a high EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of ~50.79 dB in the extended Ku‐band. The function of the inserted CW is to facilitate the multiple reflections and heat dissipation as it contains an Al coating. The interior of CW in the composite as well as the three‐dimensional conductive networks of RGO throughout the PDMS matrix facilitates the microwave absorption through conductive dissipation and heat dissipation. Thus, an absorption‐multiple reflection‐absorption pathway is followed due to the combination of three sandwiched layers, that is, PDMS‐RGO, CW, and PDMS‐RGO. The sandwich architecture of the hybrid PDMS nanocomposite containing both CW and RGO displays a superior EMI SE over the nanocomposite that only contains RGO as filler in PDMS matrix. Moreover, the fabricated composite displays a high thermal conductivity which helps to dissipate the radiated microwave energy via a Joule heating effect. Thus, the fabricated lightweight and flexible hybrid composite structure could be an efficient microwave absorber which offers an attractive and cost‐effective alternative approach to metal based conventional EMI shielding materials.
Registration of ‘Purple Bounty’ and ‘Purple Prosperity’ hairy vetch
Authors: Moore Virginia Mae , Maul Jude E. , Wilson Dave , Curran William S. , Brainard Daniel C. , Devine Thomas E. , Mirsky Steven B.
Published: September 2020

The hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) cultivars ‘Purple Bounty’ (Reg. no. CV‐12, PI 648342) and ‘Purple Prosperity’ (Reg. no. CV‐11, PI 654047) were released in 2007 and 2008, respectively, by the USDA–ARS in collaboration with the Rodale Institute and the agricultural experiment stations of Pennsylvania State University and Cornell University. Hairy vetch is a commonly used annual legume cover crop grown for its cold tolerance, fast growth, large biomass production, and ability to fix N2. However, this species has not been selected for the traits needed to optimize its use as a cover crop. Our breeding program focused on developing a cultivar that was both early flowering and had adequate winter survival and therefore adapted to mechanical termination in organic no‐till production in the U.S. Northeast and Mid‐Atlantic. Purple Bounty and Purple Prosperity were developed between 1998 and 2005 using recurrent selection at nurseries in Beltsville and Keedysville, MD. In 2005–2006, selections were evaluated against commercial checks for flowering time in Maryland and Pennsylvania, and in the 2006–2007 and 2007–2008 seasons they were evaluated in 10 locations (12 total site‐years) across the United States for winter survival. Purple Bounty and Purple Prosperity both flowered earlier than the commercial material against which they were tested (significance depended on the date and site); Purple Bounty was the earlier flowering of the two cultivars. Purple Bounty and Purple Prosperity also had equivalent or improved winter survival compared with ‘AU Early Cover’, an early‐maturing cultivar developed in the southern United States, at all test locations. Purple Prosperity is no longer commercially available, but Purple Bounty is currently licensed and distributed by Allied Seed (Nampa, ID).
The impact of ovarian cancer on individuals and their caregivers: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Tan Jit Hui , Sharpe Louise , Russell Hayley
Published: September 2020

Objective

Ovarian cancer remains an understudied cancer with poor prognosis, few effective treatments and little understanding of the how individuals and their families face the challenges and uncertainty following diagnosis. This study synthesized the subjective experiences of individuals and their caregivers in the face of the uncertainty produced by the disease.

Methods

Qualitative data were obtained from the Ovarian Cancer Australia 2017 Consumer Survey. An inductive thematic analysis was conducted on responses from 219 individuals with ovarian cancer and 78 caregivers.

Results

Nine themes were identified from the individual's responses and seven themes from the caregivers. For both groups, the uncertainty created at diagnosis led to a cascade of complex responses. For the individuals, uncertainty gave rise to fears for the future, which were exacerbated by unmet healthcare needs or treatment‐related difficulties. For some individuals, these fears led to disruption to their lives, isolation and emotional distress. For others, helpful coping styles and social support protected them from these negative consequences. For caregivers, the processes were similar, but uncertainty predominantly led to feelings of hopelessness and “survivor guilt.”

Conclusions

Our results identified processes that may guide future interventions and research targeting unmet needs and protective factors for individuals with ovarian cancer and their caregivers. Findings also suggest the potential to facilitate effective support between individuals and their caregivers.
Parental attitude and knowledge towards asthma care measures for their children in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alhammad Abdullah M. , Alajmi Ghada , Alenizi Ahmed , Alrashidi Essa , Alghannam Ghannam , Alaki Emadia , Alsaadi Muslim M , Mayet Ahmed Y.
Published: September 2020

Background

Appropriate asthma management in children reduces emergency department visits, hospitalization, and improves the quality of life. We aim to assess the level of children asthma control and its association with parental knowledge.

Methods

A prospective study conducted to measure childhood asthma control with a validated childhood asthma control test (C‐ACT), and to assess asthma knowledge among the parents of children aged 4–11 years and their parents upon asthma clinic visits. C‐ACT score ≤ 19 is considered as uncontrolled child asthma.

Results

We have invited 238 parents to participate in the study; 177 (74.4%) completed the survey. The mean age of the parents and their children were 38.8 ± 7.6 and 7.8 ± 2.7 years, respectively; 28.2% of parents were smokers, and 46.3% of them were college graduated. Nearly 61.6% of the parents and children scored ≤ 19 on C‐ACT; 54.2% and 37.9% of parents knew how inhaled salbutamol and corticosteroids work, respectively. A quarter of the parents received an asthma action plan. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that parents who did not know their children's medications name (OR, 6.1; 95% CI, 2.15–17.29), and when to use inhaled corticosteroid (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.32–3.45) were independent factors predicting uncontrolled asthma in children with score ≤ 19.

Conclusions

The study indicated that there is an association between poor asthma control (scored ≤ 19 on C‐ACT) and parental knowledge of asthma medications. The parents should be educated thoroughly on asthma care, including medications used to minimize asthma exacerbations in their children.
Artepillin C as an outstanding phenolic compound of Brazilian green propolis for disease treatment: A review on pharmacological aspects
Authors: Beserra Fernando Pereira , Gushiken Lucas Fernando Sérgio , Hussni Maria Fernanda , Ribeiro Victor Pena , Bonamin Flávia , Jackson Christopher John , Pellizzon Cláudia Helena , Bastos Jairo Kenupp
Published: September 2020

Propolis is a viscous resin consisting of plant material (shoots, flowers, and plant exudates), salivary secretions and waxes produced by Apis mellifera bees. Its popular use aroused the interests of scientific research, which proved to be a potential source of various bioactive substances. The chemical composition of propolis depends on several factors, such as the different types of plant sources collected by bees, geographic origin, and the time of year in which they are produced, but it is known that phenolic represent the main bioactive constituents of propolis. Baccharis dracunculifolia DC (Asteraceae) is the most important botanical source of propolis and a native to southeastern Brazil. It is widely known as the green propolis because of its deep green color. One of its major phenolic acids is artepillin C (Art‐C), a diprenyl‐p‐hydroxycinnamic acid derivative. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the pharmacological effects of Art‐C. The limited number of publications on this topic over the past two decades have been collected from databases and summarized. Numerous biological activities have been described for the Art‐C, such as gastroprotective, anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor. This article describes aspects of occurrence, synthesis, biological activities and pharmacokinetic approaches.