bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Celebration of the centenary of the first female Fellows: introduction
Authors: Burek Cynthia Veronica , Higgs Bettie Matheson
Published: November 2020

The Geological Society of London was founded in 1807. In May 1919, the first female Fellows were elected to the Society, 112 years after its foundation. This Special Publication celebrates this centenary. A total of 18 papers have been gathered to highlight recent research, carried out by 24 authors. The publication also builds on stories introduced in a previous Special Publication of the Geological Society,
The Role of Women in the History of Geology
, edited by Burek and Higgs in 2007, the first book to deal solely with this topic, and in an article by Burek, ‘The first female Fellows and the status of women in the Geological Society of London’, in 2009. It fills in some of the gaps in knowledge with detail that has only recently been uncovered, leading to more in-depth analysis and reporting. The current publication includes more examples from the twentieth century, and a small number into the present century, allowing some trends to be identified. The collective work is finding connections previously undocumented and in danger of being lost forever owing to the age of the interviewees. The same work also identifies several common challenges that female geoscientists faced, which are still evident in the current investigations. By building on what went before, filling gaps in knowledge and enriching the histories, interesting nuanced insights have emerged.
Psychoactive Substances and How to Find Them: Electrochemiluminescence as a Strategy for Identification and Differentiation of Drug Species
Authors: Brown Kelly , Allan Pamela , Francis Paul S. , Dennany Lynn
Published: November 2020

The rapid and continued appearance of novel psychoactive substances onto the global drug market continues to highlight the need for the introduction of novel screening methodologies. Here we discuss the potential of electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-based sensors as viable alternatives to address this current gap within forensic practices. By utilizing a variety of luminophores, differences within the mechanisms responsible for luminescence can be exploited providing the potential to identify different drug species that possess similar structural characteristics. Using a combination of iridium-, osmium- and ruthenium-based sensors, a strong proof of concept for not only the utilization of ECL sensors for drug screening but also the development of multi-metal sensing systems has been demonstrated.
Simultaneous Determination of Benzenediols Isomers Using Copper Nanoparticles/Poly (Glycine)/Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Pashazadeh Sara , Habibi Biuck
Published: November 2020

In this research, a new and suitable electrochemical sensor for simultaneous determination of benzenediols (BD) isomers is fabricated by dripping well-dispersed graphene oxide nanosheets (GONs) and in situ plating of poly glycine (P-Gly)-metal copper nanoparticles at the glassy carbon electrode (GCE), Cu-NPs/P-Gly/GONs/GCE, successively. Besides, the as-prepared modified electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), and electrochemical techniques. The proposed electrochemical sensor excellently enhanced the selectivity in the determination of BD isomers by differential pulse voltammetry (DPVs). Compared between the unmodified and modified electrode, unmodified electrode failure to dispel the voltammetric response of BD isomers in a mixture solution, Cu-NPs/P-Gly/GONs/GCE shows larger electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CC) with an enhancement in peak currents and a decrement in peak separation (ΔEp). Consequently, the two isomers can be determined simultaneously. Under the best response experimental, the linear response range was from 3μM to 200μM for CC with a detection limit of 1.015μM and from 2μM to 300μM for HQ with a detection limit of 1.067μM. Further, the suggested sensor was successfully applied for the detection of BD isomers in actual samples.
Anatomical variability in the upper tracheobronchial tree: sex-based differences and implications for personalized inhalation therapies
Authors: Christou Simoni , Chatziathanasiou Thanasis , Angeli Stelios , Koullapis Pantelis , Stylianou Fotos , Sznitman Josué , Guo Haiwei Henry , Kassinos Stavros C.
Published: November 2020

We found significant sex-based morphometric differences in the central airways of healthy men and women that were only mildly attenuated in subsets matched for lung volume. Lumen areas were significantly larger in men (∼30%–50%). Large variability (∼75%–87%) in airway bifurcation angles (60°–122°) was found irrespective of sex. The branching pattern of the right main and right upper bronchi in women (but not in men) follows two phenotypes modulated by lung volume.
Evaluation of Contaminated Water Treatment on the Durability of Steel Piles
Authors: Sultan Hussein Kareem , Yousif Aziz Hussein , Hussain Maula Baydaa , Hasan Ali A. , Hatem Wadhah A.
Published: November 2020

The most common effluent created by the oil industry is oily wastewater. This produced water (PW) corrodes the steel piles in the infrastructure of bridges, which shortens their service life. It is important to remove organic content in PW to prevent this outcome. Samples from the Ahdab oil field were used in this study. Two catalysts were selected: zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) with photo presence as an energy source. The results were organic elimination of 96.4% and 93.4% using ZnO and TiO2, respectively. The experimental conditions were pH = 3 and an irradiation time of 120 min. Due to the ability of ZnO to adsorb high amounts of organic content from PW, there was an increased elimination of organic content. Hence, the maintenance of steel piles durability is a good alternative to approach the goals of this study. The results of the study demonstrated that the organic adsorption on a catalyst agent reinforced in nonappearance of radiation photo is insignificant.
Usefulness of Home Overnight Pulse Oximetry in Patients with Suspected Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Authors: Esteban-Amarilla Cristina , Martin-Bote Silvia , Jurado-Garcia Antonio , Palomares-Muriana Ana , Feu-Collado Nuria , Jurado-Gamez Bernabe
Published: November 2020

Background and Objective. To determine the diagnostic yield of nocturnal oximetry versus polygraphy for the diagnosis and classification of sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (SAHS). Methods. Prospective study conducted in a university hospital. Subjects with a clinical suspicion of SAHS were included. All of them underwent home polygraphy and oximetry on the same night. A correlation was made between the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and the oximetry variables. The variable with the highest diagnostic value was calculated using the area under the curve (AUC), and the best cut-off point for discriminating between patients with SAHS and severe SAHS was identified. Results. One hundred and four subjects were included; 73 were men (70%); mean age was 52 ± 10.1 years; body mass index was 30 ± 4.1, and AHI = 29 ± 23.2/h. A correlation was observed between the AHI and oximetry variables, particularly ODI3 (r = 0.850;

P
<
0.001

) and ODI4 (r = 0.912;

P
<
0.001

). For an AHI ≥ 10/h, the ODI3 had an AUC = 0.941 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.899–0.982) and the ODI4, an AUC = 0.984 (95% CI = 0.964–1), with the ODI4 having the best cut-off point (5.4/h). Similarly, for an AHI ≥ 30/h, the ODI4 had an AUC = 0.922 (95% CI = 0.859–0.986), with the best cut-off point being 10.5/h. Conclusion. Nocturnal oximetry is useful for diagnosing and evaluating the severity of SAHS. The ODI4 variable was most closely correlated with AHI for both diagnosis.
Power-Efficient Hybrid Energy Storage System for Seismic Nodes
Authors: Duncan Dauda , Zungeru Adamu Murtala , Mangwala Mmoloki , Diarra Bakary , Mtengi Bokani , Semong Thabo , Chuma Joseph M.
Published: November 2020

Recent surveys in the energy harvesting system for seismic nodes show that, most often, a single energy source energizes the seismic system and fails most frequently. The major concern is the limited lifecycle of battery and high routine cost. Simplicity and inexperience have caused intermittent undersizing or oversizing of the system. Optimizing solar cell constraints is required. The hybridization of the lead-acid battery and supercapacitor enables the stress on the battery to lessen and increases the lifetime. An artificial neural network model is implemented to resolve the rapid input variations across the photovoltaic module. The best performance was attained at the epoch of 117 and the mean square error of 1.1176e-6 with regression values of training, test, and validation at 0.99647, 0.99724, and 0.99534, respectively. The paper presents simulations of Nsukka seismic node as a case study and to deepen the understanding of the system. The significant contributions of the study are (1) identification of the considerations of the PV system at a typical remote seismic node through energy transducer and storage modelling, (2) optimal sizing of PV module and lead-acid battery, and, lastly, (3) hybridization of the energy storage systems (the battery and supercapacitor) to enable the energy harvesting system to maximize the available ambient irradiance. The results show the neural network model delivered efficient power with duty cycles across the converter and relatively less complexities, while the supercapacitor complemented the lead-acid battery and delivered an overall efficiency of about

75
%

.
Age-Related Change of Axial Length, Spherical Equivalent, and Prevalence of Myopia and High Myopia in School-Age Children in Shanghai: 2014–2018
Authors: Li Tao , Jiang Bo , Zhou Xiaodong
Published: November 2020

Purpose. To investigate the age-related change of axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SE), and prevalence of myopia and high myopia in children at 7–18-year-olds in Shanghai in 2014 and 2018, respectively. Methods. This was an observational study in Shanghai. The same 3 schools were selected in 2014 and 2018, respectively. AL, SE, prevalence of myopia and high myopia, height, and weight were measured. A questionnaire regarding the lifestyles was completed. Results. Mean age was smaller in 2018 than in 2014 (P<0.001), and mean AL was shorter in 2018 than in 2014 (P=0.003), whereas mean SE was greater in 2018 than in 2014 (P<0.001). The prevalence of myopia and high myopia was lower in 2018 than in 2014 (P<0.001andP=0.013, respectively). Mean AL increased with age from 7-year-olds to 18-year-olds in 2014 and 2018 (bothP<0.001), respectively. Mean SE decreased with age in 2014 and 2018 (bothP<0.001), respectively. The prevalence of myopia and high myopia increased with age in 2014 and 2018 (allP<0.001), respectively. Less mean time outdoors and more mean time of study of all children were observed in 2018 than in 2014 (P=0.018andP<0.001, respectively). Conclusion. This study shows normative growth values for AL and SE in Shanghai children at the age of 7–18-year-olds, as well as the age-specific prevalence of myopia and high myopia.
Optimization of Tourism Information Analysis System Based on Big Data Algorithm
Authors: Yang Jing , Zheng Bing , Chen Zhenghua
Published: November 2020

On the basis of ecological footprint theory and tourism ecological footprint theory, the sustainable development indexes such as ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity, ecological deficit, and ecological surplus of the research area were calculated and the long-term change pattern of each index was analyzed. This paper shows that the ecological footprint of the research area increases year by year, but the ecological footprint is always smaller than the ecological carrying capacity, indicating that the area is still in the state of sustainable development. However, the per capita ecological surplus shows a decreasing trend year by year, indicating that the sustainable development of the region is getting worse. This paper proposes a reordering method of tourist attractions based on heterogeneous information fusion, and realizes the retrieval and reordering of tourist attractions based on user query and fusion of heterogeneous information, so as to help users make travel decisions. In view of the shortage of tourism commercial websites to passively provide scenic spot information, this paper puts forward a scenic spot retrieval method based on query words to enable users to obtain scenic spot information according to their needs, and constructs a tourist consumer data analysis system. The preprocessing methods and methods adopted by the data preprocessing module are analyzed in detail, and the algorithms used in the travel route analysis and consumer spending ability analysis are described in detail. The data of tourism consumers are analyzed by this system, and the results are evaluated.
Study on Creep Characteristics of Expansive Soil in High‐Fill Channel of South‐to‐North Water Transfer Project
Authors: Guo Jianhua , Dai Zhangjun , Li Shichang , Muhammad Nadeem , Gao Hui
Published: November 2020

In the Nanyang section of the midroute of the South‐to‐North Water Transfer Project, the expansive soil is often used as a filler for high‐fill channels. After the channel is stabilized, the expansive soil undergoes creep deformation over time. Studying the creep characteristics of expansive soils in different environments is particularly important for evaluating the safe operation of high‐fill channels. In the current study, the creep test of expansive soil under different moisture content and dry density was carried out. It is proposed that the slope of the fitted straight line in the compression curve of the expansive soil can be used to represent the secondary consolidation coefficient of unsaturated expansive soil, and the variation law of the secondary consolidation coefficient under different environmental factors is obtained. The modified Bjerrum calculation method considering the influence of additional load and lateral deformation yields the postexpansion soil settlement curve model to determine the control index range of the project site. Moreover, it is also observed that the secondary consolidation coefficient of unsaturated expansive soil increases with the increase of moisture content and decreases with the increase of dry density. The coefficient of secondary compression of unsaturated expansive soil is linearly related to dry density and moisture content. After the preconsolidation treatment of the expansive soil, when the load level is less than the preload, the secondary consolidation coefficient is smaller, otherwise the secondary consolidation coefficient is larger.
Maternal Deaths due to Obstetric Haemorrhage in Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital, Tanzania
Authors: Nassoro Mzee M. , Chiwanga Enid , Lilungulu Athanase , Bintabara Deogratius
Published: November 2020

Background. Despite the availability of comprehensive emergency obstetric care at Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital, deaths due to obstetric haemorrhage are still high. This study was carried out to analyse the circumstances that had caused these deaths. Methods. A retrospective review of all files of women who had died of obstetric haemorrhage from January 2018 to December 2019 was made. Results. A total of 18,296 women gave birth at DRRH; out of these, 61 died of pregnancy-related complications of the deceased while 23 (38%) died of haemorrhage, with many of them 10 (44%) between the age of 30 and 34. Many were grand multiparous women 8 (35%) and almost half of them (11 (48%)) had stayed at DRRH for less than 24 hours. More than half (12 (52%)) had delivered by caesarean section followed by laparotomy due to ruptured uterus (8 (35%)). The leading contributing factors to the deaths of these women were late referral (6 (26%)), delays in managing postpartum haemorrhage due to uterine atony (4 (17%)), inadequate preparations in patients with the possibility of developing PPH (4 (17%)), and delay in performing caesarean section (3 (13%)). Conclusion. Maternal mortality due to obstetric haemorrhage is high at Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital where more than one-third of women died between 2018 and 2019. Almost all of these deaths were avoidable. The leading contributing factors were late referral from other health facilities, inadequate skills in managing PPH due to uterine atony, delays in performing caesarean section at DRRH, and inadequate preparation for managing PPH in patients with abruptio placentae and IUFD which are risk factors for the condition. There is a need of conducting supportive supervision, mentorship, and other modes of teaching programmes on the management of obstetric haemorrhage to health care workers of referring facilities as well as those at DRRH. Monitoring of labour by using partograph and identifying pregnant women at risk should also be emphasized in order to avoid uterine rupture.
Estimation of the Content of Selected Active Substances in Primary and Secondary Herbal Brews by UV-VIS and GC-MS Spectroscopic Analyses
Authors: Wyrostek Jakub , Kowalski Radosław , Pankiewicz Urszula , Solarska Ewa
Published: November 2020

Primary and secondary herbal brews were tested for the content of polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, and essential oil. The brewing process was carried out at an initial temperature of 95°C and different time parameters (5, 10, 15, and 30 min). A secondary brewing was also carried out to estimate the reuse of the herbal material. The highest content of polyphenol compounds and flavonoids was determined in the primary peppermint brews (4017 mg L−1 and 360 mg L−1, respectively). The secondary brews were characterised by a lower content of active substances than the primary brews. The study showed that the herbal postbrewing material contained significant levels of essential oil (from 13.04% to 95.65%) and may be an alternative source of volatile bioactive compounds.
Experimental Study on the Seismic Performance of Socket Bridge Piers
Authors: Han Yan , Dong Jiawen , Wang Longlong
Published: November 2020

In order to accelerate the construction of bridge substructure, a socket joint construction that does not require interfaces roughening between the precast columns and the reserved cavity of the precast foundation is raised in this paper. The seismic performance of such fabricated bridge piers was investigated by carrying quasistatic tests on socket circular pier specimens of different embedment depths with a compared cast‐in‐place pier specimen. The experimental results showed that the prefabricated piers with the embedment length larger than 1.0 times the column diameter, featuring smooth interfaces that was free of roughening, had a failure mode of bending damage as well as the cast‐in‐place component. As the embedment depth increases, the seismic performance indexes of the socket bridge pier, including bearing capacity, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity, are improved. The seismic performance indexes of a socket bridge pier specimen with an embedment depth of 1.5 times the column’s diameter in the test are better than the cast‐in‐place one.
O Sistema Francófono da Informação no século XIX: entre circulações e modelizações
Authors: Pinson Guillaume , Anjos Yuri Cerqueira dos
Published: November 2020

O presente ensaio resulta das reflexões propostas na minha conferência de abertura do curso “Literatura e cultura midiáticas do século XIX”. O curso, organizado pela profa. Dra. Valéria dos Santos Guimarães, ocorreu em abril de 2019 no campus de Franca da UNESP, com o apoio do Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da mesma instituição. O texto aborda os principais conceitos e abordagens que têm guiado os estudos interdisciplinares acerca da produção, leitura e circulação da imprensa francófona ao redor do mundo no século XIX.
"Minhas impressões sobre Zola", de George Moore
Authors: Soranzo Thaís
Published: November 2020

Na busca de seu próprio caminho como escritor, o autor irlandês George Moore teve Zola como uma das principais referências na sua formação. A relação conturbada com o escritor francês foi retratada em “My Impressions of Zola” (1894), texto cuja tradução ao português brasileiro é pela primeira vez aqui apresentada.
Cora Coralina: uma poética sobre lugares e sabores
Authors: Ferreira Marina Rossi , Torres Marcos Alberto
Published: November 2020

Cora Coralina (1889-1985), poeta e contista, possui uma obra rica em representações sobre o cotidiano do interior brasileiro. Ao escrever sobre os becos e ruas da Cidade de Goiás (GO), a autora foi construindo uma narrativa sobre a própria vida, com versos carregados de um sentimento topofílico. Tendo também trabalhado como doceira por muitos anos, a autora retrata em alguns dos seus textos a questão alimentar com a mesma afetividade. A partir desse contexto, o presente trabalho apoia-se em nove poemas da escritora, com o objetivo de abordar a geopoética dos versos de Cora Coralina, percorrendo por lugares da/na poesia da autora, assim como a descrição dos sabores presentes em sua escrita.
Abstract 12731: Acute Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II Inhibition Augments Cardiomyocyte Contractility and Improves β-Adrenergic Regulation in Experimental Hypertension of Transgenic Rats Expressing Human Angiotensinogen Gene
Authors: Sun Xiaoqiang , Cao Jing , Shao Qun , Cheng Heng Jie , Liu Yixi , Chen Zhe , VonCannon Jessica , Ferrario Carlos M , Cheng Che
Published: November 2020

Background:
Previously we showed that rats expressing the human angiotensinogen (AGT) gene (hAogen) exhibit sustained hypertension and cardiac dysfunction, associated with increased cardiac angiotensin II (Ang II). Recent evidence indicates that Ang II increases CaMKII activation which plays a crucial role in ANG II-related pathological processes associated with hypertension, hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction. Although CaMKII inhibitors are being developed as safe and effective therapeutic agents, their mechanism of action remains to be fully understood. We tested the hypothesis that in hAogen rats, CaMKII is upregulated. Increased CaMKII activation may produce direct depression in LV myocyte basal function and β-adrenergic reserve. Acute inactivation of CaMKII with KN93 would have beneficial actions in hAogen.

Methods:
We compared LV myocyte CaMKIIδ expression and activity and myocyte functional performance in 10 Sprague Dawley (SD) control and 10 hAogen male rats. In hAogen, we further assessed myocyte contractile and [Ca
2+
]
i
transient ([Ca
2+
]
iT
) responses to β-AR stimulation by isoproterenol (ISO, 10
-8
M) with and without pretreatment of myocytes with KN93 (10
-6
M, 30 min).

Results:
Versus SD, in hAogen myocytes, the CaMKIIδ protein levels (19%, 0.50 vs 0.42) and CaMKIIδ phosphorylation (at Thr
287
) (35%, 0.27 vs 0.20) were significantly increased. These changes were followed by significantly reduced cell contraction (dL/dtmax, 104.9 vs 138.4 μm/s), relaxation (dR/dtmax, 93.0 vs 104.2 μm/s) and [Ca
2+
]
iT
(0.15 vs 0.20). ISO-stimulated increases in dL/dtmax (43% vs 62%), dR/dtmax (32% vs 49%) and [Ca
2+
]
iT
(19% vs 29%) were also significantly reduced. Moreover, in hAogen myocytes, pretreatment with KN93 markedly improved myocyte basal contraction (134.4 μm/s), relaxation (107.4 μm/s) and [Ca
2+
]
iT
(0.20). ISO-induced increases in dL/dtmax (60%), dR/dtmax (50%), and [Ca
2+
]
iT
(31%) were also significantly augmented.

Conclusions:
In rats harboring the human AGT gene, upregulation of CaMKIIδ has adverse functional effects. Acute endogenous CaMKII activation exacerbates LV myocyte dysfunction and β-AR desensitization. Inhibition of CaMKII has a significant beneficial impact in this established humanized model of hypertension.
Abstract 12882: Renal Hemodynamics in Chronic Heart Failure With Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Jung Susanne , Bosch Agnes , Kolwelter Julie , Striepe Kristina , Kannenkeril Dennis , Schuster Tizia , Ott Christian , Achenbach Stephan , Schmieder Roland E
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
Chronic heart failure (CHF) and impaired renal function are two co-existing medical conditions and known to be associated with adverse outcome. The cardiorenal interaction has not yet been analyzed thoroughly. The aim of this study was to assess renal and intraglomerular hemodynamics by constant infusion input clearance technique in subjects with CHF compared to healthy controls.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional observational study including 85 subjects. The group of subjects with CHF consisted of 27 individuals with HFpEF and 27 individuals with HFrEF, who were compared to 31 controls. All subjects underwent renal clearance examination to determine measured -not estimated- glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal blood and plasma flow (RBF, RPF) and to calculate renal hemodynamic parameters such as filtration fraction (FF), renal vascular resistance (RVR), intraglomerular pressure (P
glom
) and resistances of the afferent (R
A
) and efferent arterioles (R
E
).

Results:
GFR was lower in subjects with CHF (88.6±13.1ml/min/1.73m
2
) compared to controls (108.6±17. ml/min/1.73m
2
) after adjustment for age and BP (p
adj
=0.037). There were no significant differences regarding RPF, RBF, FF, RVR, P
glom
, R
A
as well as R
E
after adjustment for age and BP. Similarly, there were no significant differences regarding renal hemodynamic parameters between HFpEF and HFrEF subjects. Bivariate correlation analysis in the group of subjects with CHF revealed an inverse association between NT-proBNP and RPF (R=-0.421, p=0.002), RBF (R=-0.414, p=0.002) and a positive association with FF (R=0.324, p=0.019), RVR (R=0.346, p=0.012) and R
E
(R=0.318, p=0.022).

Conclusions:
The findings of this study indicate that in CHF renal function is slightly reduced even though renal perfusion is preserved. With progressive severity of CHF as indicated by increasing NT-proBNP, renal vascular resistance in particular at the postglomerular side increases. Our data are in accordance with neuroendocrine activation in CHF since vasoconstriction at the postglomerular site points towards angiotensin II as mediator. The association between NT-proBNP and renal hemodynamics documents a close cardiorenal interaction in CHF.
Abstract 12896: Safety of Transition From Tafamidis Meglumine 20 Mg to Tafamidis Free Acid 61 Mg in Patients With Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Damy Thibaud , Fine Nowell , Gundapaneni Balarama , Sultan Marla B , Grogan Martha
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
Tafamidis meglumine, available as 20 mg capsules, is approved in >40 countries for use in early stage, symptomatic transthyretin amyloidosis with polyneuropathy. It is also approved in a growing number of countries as an 80 mg daily dose (4 x 20 mg capsules) and as tafamidis free acid 61 mg (a single dose bioequivalent to tafamidis meglumine 80 mg) for the treatment of transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM). As some patients receiving tafamidis meglumine 20 mg may benefit from transition to tafamidis free acid 61 mg, we assessed the hypothesis that this transition is not associated with any new safety concerns.

Methods:
In the Tafamidis in Transthyretin Cardiomyopathy Clinical Trial (ATTR-ACT) patients with ATTR-CM were treated with tafamidis meglumine 20 mg, 80 mg, or placebo for up to 30 months. Patients completing the trial could enroll in a long-term extension study (LTE) with placebo-treated patients randomized to tafamidis meglumine 20 mg or 80 mg. All patients in the LTE were later transitioned to tafamidis free acid 61 mg. Adverse events (AEs) emerging during the LTE were assessed in patients treated with tafamidis meglumine 20 mg in the LTE who transitioned to tafamidis free acid 61 mg (median exposure 19.8 months). AEs were compared with those emerging during ATTR-ACT in patients treated with tafamidis meglumine 20 mg (median exposure 29.7 months).

Results:
The 87 patients treated with tafamidis meglumine 20 mg in the LTE who transitioned to tafamidis free acid 61 mg had a similar incidence of the most common AEs by system organ class, and of specific AEs, as those treated with tafamidis meglumine 20 mg in ATTR-ACT (see
Table
). The safety profile of tafamidis meglumine 20 mg was previously shown to be similar to placebo.

Conclusions:
While the duration of exposure to tafamidis free acid 61 mg was shorter than for tafamidis meglumine 20 mg, these data demonstrate that the transition to tafamidis free acid 61 mg is not associated with any new safety concerns.
Abstract 13201: Atrial Fibrillation Detection in Community Ischemic Stroke Patients is Improved With Implantable Cardiac Monitors
Authors: Guo Jia , Brorson James R , Beaser Andrew , Aziz Zaid A , Ozcan Cevher , Tung Roderick , Nayak Hemal , Upadhyay Gaurav A
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
Although implantable cardiac monitors (ICM) improve atrial fibrillation (AF) detection relative to Holters or other extended ambulatory cardiac monitors (EACMs) (e.g., 30-day event monitors or outpatient telemetry) in clinical trials, data are limited on their performance in the community setting. We investigated AF detection in ischemic stroke patients and subsequent initiation of oral anticoagulation (OAC) in a real-world setting.

Methods:
We identified patients with ischemic stroke (2010-2015) in IBM MarketScan, a national prospectively acquired data set in whom Holters, EACMs, or ICMs were ordered. We further selected patients with no prior history of AF or OAC and continuous database enrollment 6 mos pre- and 24 mos post monitoring. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to adjust for baseline characteristics differences between monitoring types. Logrank test was used to compare the Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves for AF detection and OAC initiation in patients with AF.

Results:
A total of 6,287 patients were analyzed: 4,107 Holter (age 63±14 yrs, 46% female, 28% coronary artery disease [CAD], 71% hypertension [HTN]), 1,829 EACM (age 61±14 yrs, 49% female, 27% CAD, 73% HTN), and 351 implanted with ICM (age 63±13 yrs, 51% female, 38% CAD, 82% HTN). After 1:1 PSM, the Holter-ICM cohort comprised of 664 patients and the EACM-ICM cohort comprised of 676 patients. In the Holter-ICM pair, 2 yr AF diagnoses rate was 14.5% for Holter vs 38.3% for ICM (logrank p<0.01, Panel A). In the EACM-ICM pair, 2 yr AF diagnoses rate was 15.4% for EACM vs 38.2% for ICM (logrank p<0.01, Panel B). Initiation of OAC in AF patients by 2 yrs was 41.7% for Holters vs 49.6% for ICMs (logrank p=0.30, Panel C) and 61.5% for EACM vs 49.6% for ICM (logrank p=0.16, Panel D).

Conclusion:
In community patients with ischemic stroke with no history of AF or prior OAC, rates of OAC initiation are comparable between monitoring types when AF is detected, and ICM outperforms Holter and EACM for the detection of AF.
Abstract 13205: Underrepresentation of Women as Clinical Trialists in Heart Failure: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials Published in High-impact Medical Journals
Authors: Whitelaw Sera , Sullivan Kristen , Van Spall Harriette G
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
Clinical trials change practice in cardiology but leading them typically requires advanced research training, mentorship, sponsorship, and networking. Women are underrepresented in cardiology and report challenges in obtaining mentorship and networking opportunities.

Objective:
To evaluate the gender distribution of first and senior authors in practice-changing clinical trials in heart failure (HF), and explore clinical trial characteristics associated with women as first authors.

Methods:
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published January 2000 - May 2019. We included RCTs that recruited adults with HF with reduced ejection fraction that were published in medical journals with an impact factor of > 10. Two reviewers screened and extracted data independently. We determined the gender distribution of the authors, assessed temporal trends in authorship, and used logistic regression to identify characteristics associated with women in first authorship positions.

Results:
The search identified 10,596 unique studies, of which 317 met eligibility criteria. We found that 15.8%, 11.7%, and 10.7% of first, senior, and corresponding authors, respectively, were women. Multivariable analysis revealed that the first author was more likely to be a woman if the senior author of a clinical trial was a woman (odds ratio [OR] 2.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-4.66, p=0.039), and if the trial was conducted at a single rather than multiple centers (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.09-6.48, p=0.035). Source of funding (public or industry), type of intervention (health service, drug, device, or surgery), and region of trial coordination (Europe, North America, Central and South America, Asia, and Australia) were not associated with gender of first authors. The proportion of trials that included women as authors has decreased from 2000 to present.

Conclusion:
Women are under-represented as clinical trialists in HF. Adjusting for other trial characteristics, the first author of a clinical trial was more likely to be a woman if the senior author was a woman. Mentoring women as clinical trialists in the present era may be a strategic way to increase the gender diversity of clinical trialists in years to come.
Abstract 13213: Correlates of Dietary Self-care Behaviors in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Comorbid Heart Failure
Authors: Aga Fekadu , Dunbar Sandra B , Kebede Tedla , Higgins Melinda K , Gary Rebecca A
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
Multi-morbidity is increasingly recognized to negatively influence self-care behaviors such as dietary adherence in persons living with serious or life-threatening chronic conditions such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and heart failure (HF).

Aim:
The aim of this study was to describe demographic, clinical, and psychosocialcorrelates of dietary self-care behaviors in adult patients with T2D and comorbid HF.

Methods:
The parent study for this secondary analysis was a randomized trial that tested a 6-month integrated self-care intervention for 180 participants with comorbid HF and T2D. Cross-sectional, baseline data was used for the predictive model which included demographic (age, sex, marital status, and education) psychosocial (depression [PhQ-9], self-efficacy [PDSMS], and diabetes knowledge [MDKT]); and clinical variables (years diagnosed with T2D and HF, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), and implanted cardiac device). The general and specific diet components of the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) were used to measure dietary self-care behaviors. Correlational bivariate and stepwise linear regression analyses were performed to examine correlates of dietary self-care behaviors.

Results:
Participants mean age was 58 ±11 years and the majority were male (n = 118, 66%) and African American (n = 119, 66%). Charlson comorbidity >2 (
p
<0.05) and implanted device (
p
<0.05) predicted lower SDSCA general diet score. Diabetes self-efficacy (
p
<0.01) predicted higher SDSCA specific diet score while implanted cardiac device (
p
<0.05) predicted lower score, collectively explaining 18.2% of the variance in diabetes-specific dietary self-care behavior.

Conclusion:
Findings suggest that multimorbidity may increase risk for lower diabetes dietary self-care behaviors, particularly those with more advanced HF requiring an implanted device. Future research should focus on how to promote effective self-care behaviors in persons living with multimorbidity as a strategy to improve clinical outcomes and enhance quality of life.
Abstract 13214: Underuse of Combination Pharmacotherapy for Management of Dyslipidemia versus Diabetes and Hypertension Among Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ascvd): Insights From the Getting to an Improved Understanding of Low-density Lipoprotein-cholesterol and Dyslipidemia Management (gould) Registry
Authors: Agha Ali M , Kosiborod Mikhail N , De Lemos James A , Rosenson Robert S , Gao Qi , Mues Katie , Alam Shushama , Bhatt Deepak L , Cannon Christopher P , Ballantyne Christie M
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
Cardiovascular disease prevention entails treatment of multiple risk factors, including diabetes (DM), hypertension (HTN), and hyperlipidemia (HLD), based on guidelines that promote the use of combination therapy when monotherapy does not achieve treatment goals. The purpose of this study is to determine how frequently combination pharmacotherapy is employed to manage these disorders among patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), based on the GOULD registry.

Methods:
The multicenter, observational GOULD registry describes low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) treatment patterns over time in adults with clinical ASCVD in the United States. Patients were enrolled into 3 cohorts: 1) Currently on PCSK9 inhibitor (PCSK9i), or not on PCSK9i with 2) LDL-C 70-99 mg/dL, or 3) LDL-C ≥100 mg/dL.

We determined the prevalence of DM and HTN within this registry, the classes of medications used to treat these disorders, and how frequently patients were on two or more medications to treat these disorders at baseline, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, respectively.

Results:
Among 5,006 patients in this cohort on lipid-lowering therapy (LLT), 35.2% had DM and 86.0% had HTN at baseline. Of those receiving treatment, 47.6% and 71% were receiving two or more medications for management of DM and HTN, respectively. In contrast, only 19.5% of patients were receiving two or more LLT medications (51.9% among PCSK9i subjects, 15.4% among LDL-C subjects) (Figure). There was a modest increase in combination lipid therapy from 19.5% at baseline to 25.6% at 24 months.

Conclusions:
Despite recent guidelines supporting the use of combination therapy in patients with high risk ASCVD with an LDL-C above threshold after statin therapy, this high-risk group continues to be managed mostly with statin monotherapy in contrast to the widespread use of combination therapy for the treatment of DM and HTN.
Abstract 13285: Short-term Low-saturated Fat Diet Compared to High-saturated Fat Diet Improves Monocyte Phenotypes in Subjects With Hypertriglyceridemia
Authors: lian zeqin , Perrard Xiaoyuan , Antony Antu , Xu Lu , Ni Jing , Zhang Bingqian , Peng Xueying , O'Brien Veronica , Saeed Anum , Jia Xiaoming , Hussain Aliza , Hoogeveen Ron C , Ballantyne Christie M , Wu Huaizhu
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
Clinical trials suggest that low-saturated fat diet (LSFD) may reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in subjects with hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). Monocytes play crucial roles in atherogenesis.

Hypothesis:
LSFD vs high-saturated fat diet (HSFD) improves monocyte phenotypes, thereby reducing ASCVD risk, in subjects with HTG.

Methods:
Subjects with HTG and metabolic syndrome (MetS, n=19) received isocaloric LSFD (~25% of calories from fat, 5% from saturated fat) and HSFD (~52% of calories from fat, 25% from saturated fat) in randomized order for 4 days (days 1-4) plus a breakfast on day 5, separated by a 4- to 6-week washout period. Blood was drawn on day 1 fasting before the diets and 3 times on day 5 (fasting before the breakfast and 4 and 6 hours postprandial) for measurement of lipid profile and analyses of monocyte phenotypes by flow cytometry and monocyte adhesion by a lab-on-a-chip microfluidic assay.

Results:
On day 5, LSFD, compared to HSFD, induced lower plasma levels of postprandial total triglyceride and LDL-triglyceride and fasting and postprandial total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and small dense LDL-cholesterol. Compared to HSFD, LSFD reduced fasting and postprandial intracellular lipid accumulation in classical and intermediate monocytes examined by nile red staining and indicated by side scatter value of flow cytometric analysis. LSFD versus HSFD also reduced ex vivo uptake of oxidized LDL by classical monocytes at 4 hours postprandially and by intermediate monocytes in fasting state. Surface levels of molecules involved in monocyte adhesion/migration, including CD11c, CD81, and CCR2, were lower on monocytes with LSFD than with HSFD. Consistently, LSFD compared to HSFD reduced monocyte adhesion to VCAM-1. Intracellular levels of cytokines such as IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6 in monocytes showed no difference between the two diets.

Conclusions:
In subjects with HTG and MetS, short-term LSFD compared to HSFD reduces monocyte intracellular lipid accumulation and improves monocyte phenotypes with reductions in monocyte adhesion and oxidized LDL uptake. These findings highlight the importance of diet composition in monocyte phenotypes and possibly atherosclerosis risks in patients with HTG and MetS.
Abstract 13290: Variation in Coding for Major Cardiac Diagnoses and Procedures in Cardiac Research Using the National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Ostrominski John W , Amione-Guerra Javier , Hernandez Brian , Michalek Joel , Prasad Anand
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
Code selection is crucial to the accuracy and reproducibility of studies using administrative data, however a comprehensive assessment of coding trends for major cardiac diagnoses and procedures is lacking.

Hypothesis:
Given the absence of consensus guidelines for administrative code utilization, heterogeneity in code selection for major cardiovascular diagnoses and procedures will be uncovered.

Methods:
We queried PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Medline, and the HCUP Publication Search from inception through March 1st, 2018 for all publications using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS), featuring a primary focus on the heart. ICD-9-CM codes reported for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart failure (HF), atrial fibrillation (AF), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were collected and analyzed for accuracy and consistency. All studies were also evaluated for adherence to required methodological practices as per previously reported methods.

Results:
Of 2637 articles identified, 445 were included in the observational analysis. 399 articles (84%) did not adhere to one or more research practices required by the AHRQ, however overall adherence was superior for publications in higher impact journals (
P
= 0.0019). Heterogeneity in code utilization was observed for each diagnosis and procedure assessed, with up to 37 unique case definitions reported for HF and PCI. Nonspecific codes were included in 39 (8.8%) studies, and coding heterogeneity increased throughout the study period (
P
trend
< 0.001 for all cardiac diagnoses and procedures). Coding schema endorsed by national-level clinical guidance documents were infrequently represented, reported in only 8.9% and 1.3% of AMI and HF articles, respectively. Upon reintroduction into the NIS for the period of 2008 to 2012, selected unique case definitions for AMI were found to yield significantly different estimates of AMI incidence.

Conclusions:
Substantial heterogeneity in code selection exists for major cardiac diagnoses and procedures, with important implications for the accuracy and generalizability of analyses using the NIS. Further efforts are required to establish consensus protocols to ensure consistency in code utilization.
Abstract 13614: Nck1 Regulates Endothelial Activation and Blood Brain Integrity After Ischemia Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Alfaidi Mabruka , Orr Anthony W
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
Stroke remains a leading cause of disease disability worldwide. Rapid restoration of blood flow after occlusion is required to minimize brain damage. However, with the reperfusion there is upregulation to oxidative stress pathways that stimulates interleukin-1 activates kinase type I (IRAK-1) within endothelial cells leading to proinflammatory genes expression (ICAM-1/VCAM-1). We previously showed that the Nck family of adaptor proteins promotes oxidative stress-induced inflammation following ischemia reperfusion (IRI). Nck1 and Nck2 are two highly similar proteins but have inherent functional differences.

Hypothesis:
We hypothesized that Nck1 is required for IRAK-1 activation in response to IRI.

Methods:
Human brain endothelial cells (ECs) were genetically silenced for Nck1, Nck2, or interleukin-1 receptor type I kinase-1 (IRAK-1) and exposed to hydrogen peroxide (exogenous oxidative stress) or hypoxia re-oxygenation (endogenous oxidative stress). Additionally, adult male mice were subjected to 1 hour of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by 24h reperfusion. Neurological deficits were assessed using the 24 sensorimotor scoring system. Infarct volume, blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity, and brain inflammatory profiles were assessed using immunostaining and immunoblotting.

Results:
Knock down of endothelial Nck1 or Nck2 of cells markedly reduced VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression and NF-κB activation in response to H
2
O
2
and hypoxia re-oxygenation. In ECs treated with the proinflammatory mediator interleukin-1 (IL-1β), there was upregulation of IRAK-1 and NF-κB activation. However, deletion of Nck1, but not Nck2, significantly decreased IRAK-1/ NF-κB activation by IL-1β. Moreover, Nck1 inhibition decreased endothelial permeability-induced by oxidative stress. In response to oxidative stress, Nck1 directly binds to IRAK-1. Nck1 KO mice had significantly less infarct volume and neurological deficits after MCAO/reperfusion. BBB disruption measured by Evans Blue extravasation and Fibrinogen staining was remarkably reduced in Nck1 KO mice.

Conclusions:
Nck1 promotes ischemia/reperfusion-induced inflammation, and brain injury, therefore, Nck1 inhibition is a promising therapy to improve IRI.
Abstract 13619: Major Electrocardiographic Abnormalities in Brazilian Adults: Prognostic Value and Potential Use in Primary Prevention (from the Elsa-Brasil Cohort Study)
Authors: Pinto Filho Marcelo M , Brant Luisa C , Barreto Sandhi M , MILL JOSE GERALDO , Andrade Lotufo Paulo A , Alvim Sheila , Griep Rosane , Duncan Bruce , Pereira Renan B , CANHADA SCHEINE , Reis Rodrigo P , Ribeiro Antonio L
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most preventable noncommunicable diseases. Accurate risk stratification is paramount for identifying patients for whom interventions should be offered. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a potential tool for CVD primary prevention. Our aim is to evaluate the ECG role as an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality

Methods:
Participants from the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), who were free of known CVD at baseline were included. A 12-lead ECG was obtained at baseline (2008-2010).Participants were followed up to 2018 by annual interviews.Deaths and hospitalizations were independently reviewed. Cox and Fine and Gray competitive risk regressions were applied to evaluate if the presence of any major electrocardiographic abnormality (MEA) at baseline, defined according to de Minnesota Code system (MC), would predict total and cardiovascular deaths in multivariable models

Results:
The 13,437 participants (mean age 51.8 years, 55% women) were followed for 8±1 years. Baseline prevalence of MEA was 7.2% for men, 5.8% for women. All-cause and cardiovascular mortality occurred in 5.7% and 1.2% of men, and 3.1% and 1.2% of women, respectively. Prevalent MEA was an independent predictor of overall mortality after adjustments for age, race, education and traditional cardiovascular risk factors (HR:2.2; 95%CI 1.6-2.9 for men and HR:2.3; 95%CI 1.6-3.4 for women). [LB1] In the competitive risk model for cardiovascular death, the increased risk attributable to MEA was even higher (HR4.1, 95%CI 2.47-6.81 in men and 5.37, 95%CI 2.54-11.36 in women).

Conclusions:
Presence of MEA was a strong and independent predictor of overall and cardiovascular death for both sexes. ECG may have a role in improving risk assessment for death in primary care