bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Allochthonous sources of iodine and organic carbon in an eastern Ontario aquifer
Authors: Lemieux Alexander J. , Hamilton Stewart M. , Clark Ian D.
Published: July 2018

Regional geochemical characterization of groundwaters in a bedrock aquifer in the Ottawa – St. Lawrence Lowlands of eastern Ontario has identified an iodine (I) anomaly, with values regularly exceeding 150 μg/L and a maximum observed concentration of 10 812 μg/L. The spatial distribution, enrichment mechanisms, and sources of I and organic matter were investigated using geochemical and isotopic data. High-I groundwaters (>150 μg/L) are prevalent in Na–Cl-type groundwaters at low bedrock elevations in areas overlain by thick layers of glacial sediments. I is thought to be linked to massive muds in the glacial sediments overlying the aquifer, deposited during the postglacial incursion of the Champlain Sea 12–10 ka BP. Principal component analysis of I and 18 other chemical parameters revealed correlations among I, salinity, and indicators of microbial oxidation of organic matter, suggesting that the intrusion of saline pore waters affected by decomposition of organic matter such as marine phytoplankton in the massive muds is the dominant process controlling I enrichment in groundwater. 129I/127I ratios in the pre-modern waters vary between near-marine values of 460 × 10−14 and 5 × 10−14, demonstrating that older allochthonous I derived from the surrounding Paleozoic sedimentary terrain also contributed to the I pool in the Champlain Sea basin. 14C ages and δ13C signatures for dissolved organic carbon in groundwater and disseminated organic carbon within the glaciomarine muds highlight an allochthonous source of terrestrial organic carbon predating the Champlain Sea incursion, likely transported via glacial meltwaters in tandem with I to the Champlain Sea basin.
In-situ monitoring of saccharides removal of alcohol precipitation using near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Huang Hongxia , Qu Haibin
Published: July 2018

As unsafe components in herbal medicine (HM), saccharides can affect not only the drug appearance and stabilization, but also the drug efficacy and safety. The present study focuses on the in-line monitoring of batch alcohol precipitation processes for saccharide removal using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. NIR spectra in the 4000–10,000-cm[Formula: see text] wavelength range are acquired in situ using a transflectance probe. These directly acquired spectra allow characterization of the dynamic variation tendency of saccharides during alcohol precipitation. Calibration models based on partial least squares (PLS) regression have been developed for the three saccharide impurities, namely glucose, fructose, and sucrose. Model errors are estimated as the root-mean-square errors of cross-validation (RMSECVs) of internal validation and root-mean-square errors of prediction (RMSEPs) of external validation. The RMSECV values of glucose, fructose, and sucrose were 1.150, 1.535, and 3.067[Formula: see text]mg[Formula: see text]mL[Formula: see text], and the RMSEP values were 0.711, 1.547, and 3.740[Formula: see text][Formula: see text], respectively. The correlation coefficients [Formula: see text] between the NIR predictive and the reference measurement values were all above 0.94. Furthermore, NIR predictions based on the constructed models improved our understanding of sugar removal and helped develop a control strategy for alcohol precipitation. The results demonstrate that, as an alternative process analytical technology (PAT) tool for monitoring batch alcohol precipitation processes, NIR spectroscopy is advantageous for both efficient determination of quality characteristics (fast, in situ, and requiring no toxic reagents) and process stability, and evaluating the repeatability.
Status of the two-dimensional, multi-wire proportional chamber detector for the China Spallation Neutron Source
Authors: Wen Zhiwen , Qi Huirong
Published: July 2018

The re-designed two-dimensional, multi-wire proportional chamber (MWPC) detector based on the [Formula: see text]He operation gas has been developed for the multifunctional reflection spectrum detection requirements in China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), which is under construction in Guangdong province, China. This efficient thermal neutron detector with large area (200 mm [Formula: see text] 200 mm active area), two-dimensional position sensitive (<2 mm of position resolution), high detection efficiency (>65% in the wavelength of 1.8Å) and good n/[Formula: see text] discrimination would meet some requirements in CSNS The neutron detector consists of a MWPC detector and a high-pressure gas vessel. The wire readout structures of the detector and the gas purity device have been optimized based on previous design and testing. The re-designed MWPC detector with an absorber thickness of 10 mm and 8.5 atm operating gas mixture of [Formula: see text]He and C[Formula: see text]H[Formula: see text] was constructed. Using the non-return valve manufactured by Swagelok, the gas purity device was developed to clean the water and remove gas impurities. The effective cycle time can be up to 50 min per sequence. The performance of the position resolution and the two-dimensional imaging accuracy by the traditional center of gravity readout method was studied with an X-ray radiation source and the neutron source. At the end of this year, the detector will be mounted at CSNS and studied using the neutron source.
Functional Polymorphisms in IRAKs Are Related to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk in Chinese Population
Authors: Wang Hui , Song Ci , Qi Qi , Huang Tongtong , Wang Lijuan , Chen Jianguo , Zhu Jian , Hu Zhibin , Dai Juncheng
Published: July 2018

Background. Interleukin 1 receptor associated kinases (IRAKs) play a central role in TLR signaling pathway. Scarce literature has investigated the association of potential functional genetic variants of IRAKs with Hepatitis B Virus- (HBV-) related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods. A case-control study with 1,538 HBV-positive HCC patients and 1,465 chronic HBV carriers was conducted to evaluate the effects of common missense variants of IRAK family members on HCC. Proliferation assays and real-time polymerase chain reactions were carried out to evaluate the functions. Multivariable adjusted logistic regression was adopted to estimate effect size and identify risk factors. Results. Association analysis indicated that rs4251545 A allele of IRAK4 (p.Ala428Thr) was positively associated with HBV-related HCC risk (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.09–1.54, P=0.003). Functional annotation indicated that rs4251545 reduced its own expression in liver (P=0.031). Further molecular functional analysis detected that rs4251545 increased the proliferation rate of L02 cells (P<0.05). Meanwhile, rs4251545 reduced mRNA expressions of IL-6, IL-8, CXCL-1, and CXCL-2 in L02 cells (P<0.01). Conclusion. rs4251545 of IRAK4 (p.Ala428Thr) modified the susceptibility to HBV-related HCC via increased proliferation rate and reduced production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Further well-designed experiments are warranted to validate our findings.
Mapping the Wind Energy Potential of Sweden: A Sociotechnical Wind Atlas
Authors: Enevoldsen Peter , Permien Finn-Hendrik
Published: July 2018

The installation of onshore wind farms has increased in the past decade all over Sweden, and as a result, more wind projects are facing challenges of, for instance, social opposition and lack of space, which potentially complicate resource assessments. As a response to the current challenges in the Swedish wind industry, this study examines and develops a strategic map of potential areas for the construction of new farms in Sweden. The analyses used to prepare the map are performed using a holistic research strategy that focuses on everything from social to technical challenges. The map is based on an extensive data collection consisting of a comprehensive wind dataset mixed with the outcome of large-scale qualitative studies that include five dominant stakeholder groups in the Swedish wind industry and detailed information on restrictive areas. Consequently, this research presents a resource map, which is intended to inspire all stakeholders in the Swedish wind industry to further develop the successful case of wind power in Sweden. Furthermore, the current research aims to update ongoing debates in the wind energy literature, and finally, it introduces a tool that can be used in all phases of a large-scale energy strategy that involves wind power.
Can ACE-I Be a Silent Killer While Normal Renal Functions Falsely Secure Us?
Authors: Abdelaal Ahmed Mahmoud Ahmed , Campbell Mark , Blajeva Margarita
Published: July 2018

The current case report represents a warning against serious hyperkalaemia and acidosis induced by ACE-I during surgical stress while normal renal function could deceive the attending anaesthetist. Arterial gas analysis for follow-up of haemoglobin loss accidentally discovered hyperkalaemia and acidosis. Glucose-insulin and furosemide successfully corrected hyperkalaemia after 25 minutes and acidosis after 3 hours. These complications could be explained by a deficient steroid stress response to surgery secondary to suppression by ACE-I. Event analysis and database search found that ACE-I induced aldosterone deficiency aggravated by surgical stress response with an inadequate increase in aldosterone secretion due to angiotensin II deficiency as a sequel of ACE-I leading to defective secretion of H+ and K+. Furosemide is recommended to secrete H+ and K+ compensating for aldosterone deficiency in addition to other antihyperkalaemia measures. Anaesthetising an ACE-I treated patient requires considering ACE-I as a potential cause of hyperkalaemia and acidosis.
The Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on Retinopathy and Hearing Loss among Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Bener Abdulbari , Eliaçık Mustafa , Cincik Hakan , Öztürk Mustafa , DeFronzo Ralph A. , Abdul-Ghani Muhammad
Published: July 2018

Aim. The current study was aiming to investigate the relation between vitamin D, retinopathy, and hearing loss among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Methods. Cross-sectional study carried on 638 subjects aged between 20 and 60 years who visited the Endocrinology, Ophthalmology, and ENT Outpatient Clinics of the Medipol Hospital during the period from March 2016 to May 2017. Two audiometers Grason Stadler GSI 61 and Interacoustics AC40 Clinical audiometer were used to evaluate the hearing loss. Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy were evaluated, including age, sex, diabetes duration, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), hypertension, and lipid profiles. Results. The mean age (± SD, in years) for retinopathy with hearing loss versus normal subjects was 47.7 ±10.2 versus 48.5±9.1. The associated risk factors were significantly higher in T2DM with hearing loss, hypertension (32.6% versus 15.7%), tinnitus (40.0% versus 18.0%), vertigo (59.7% versus 26.8%), and headache (54.9% versus 45.3%), than in normal hearing diabetes. There were statistically significant differences between hearing impairment versus normal hearing for vitamin D [19.40±9.71 ng/ml versus 22.67±9.28 ng/ml; p<0.001], calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, albumin, systolic blood pressure [131.70±9.25 Hg versus 127.73±11.98 Hg], diastolic blood pressure [82.20±8.60 mm Hg versus 79.80±8.20 mm Hg], and microalbuminuria. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that variables such as vertigo, duration of DM, mobile/I pad phone, vitamin D deficiency, sleeping disturbance, headache, frequently TV watching, tinnitus, cigarette smokers, and hypertension were considered at higher risk as a predictors of retinopathy with hearing loss among diabetic patients. Conclusion. Vitamin D deficiency is considered as a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy and hearing loss among diabetic patients. Meanwhile, hyperglycemia could be considered as a modifiable risk factor for diabetic retinopathy; tight glycemic control may be the most effective and important therapy for improving quality of life and substantially reducing the incidence of retinopathy and in T2DM patients.
Intraoral Sebaceous Carcinoma: Case Report of a Rare Tumor Emphasizing the Histopathological Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Jawanda Manveen Kaur , Subramanyam R. V. , Grewal Harshaminder , Anandani Chitra , Narula Ravi
Published: July 2018

Background. Sebaceous carcinoma (SC) is an uncommon cutaneous malignancy, usually occurring predominantly in the eyelids and only occasionally involving the oral cavity. Sebaceous carcinoma (SC) is a rare malignancy. Only 10 cases of sebaceous carcinoma of the oral cavity have been reported so far. Case Presentation. A 40-year-old female presented with a mass on the left side of the middle third of the face. Radiographic findings were inconclusive. Resection of the mass was consistent with the diagnosis of primary sebaceous carcinoma. Conclusion. Intraoral sebaceous carcinoma is uncommon. Due to its varied clinical appearance and presence of a diverse histopathologic appearance, the diagnosis is quite often confounding and elusive. Hence, it is imperative to familiarize oneself about various aspects of this rare tumor for earlier diagnosis, to improve the chances of patient’s survival.
The Influence of the Smile on the Perceived Facial Type Esthetics
Authors: Batwa Waeil
Published: July 2018

Objective. The objective of this study was to determine if the smile would influence the facial types esthetics perception for dentists, specialists, and laypeople. The null hypotheses for this study were that the smile has no effect on the perceived facial esthetics of different facial types. Materials and Method. A photograph of an attractive female face with an attractive smile was captured and manipulated using computer software, which was used to produce changes in the smile and facial type of the female face. Two sets of photographs were developed. The first set is composed of three photos showing mesofacial, dolichofacial, and brachyfacial faces; on these photos the smiles were masked intentionally. On the second set, the smile was revealed in the three face types (mesofacial, dolichofacial, and brachyfacial faces); this results in three smiling photos, where each showed a facial type with the same smile. These photos (6 photos in total) were rated by the participants; two hundred participants were recruited, 50 general dentists, 50 specialist dentists, and 100 laypeople. Results. The three groups (dentists, specialists, and laypeople) rated the mesofacial face as the highest (p value < 0.01) (64.48, 76.12, and 60.68, respectively), the mesofacial face was the only face that showed a significant difference between the three groups ratings (p value<0.01), and this significant difference disappeared when we compared the smiling photos for the mesofacial face (p value>0.01). Conclusion. Mesofacial face is considered to be the most attractive face in comparison to dolichofacial and brachyfacial faces. Facial type should not be looked at separately from the smile as the smile might influence the esthetics perception of the facial type.
Atypical Neuropsychiatric Presentation in a Patient Expecting Liver Transplantation
Authors: Chamelian Laury , Pereira Austin , Grant Kiran , Maurice Catherine
Published: July 2018

Patients presenting with acute or chronic hepatopathy can develop altered mental status with psychomotor slowing, most commonly indicating encephalopathy. We present the case of a 56-year-old patient who developed subacute atypical neuropsychiatric symptoms including cognitive and behavioural disorganization, manic-like state, and lateralized parkinsonian syndrome. The sequence of events, complete work-up, and detailed neuropsychiatric examination were not compatible with hepatic encephalopathy or delirium; therefore we extended our differential diagnosis and suggested the pathophysiological process described below.
An Optimized Symmetric WENO Method-Based Numerical Simulation of Intense Sound Field Generated by Underwater Plasma Sound Source
Authors: Lei Kaizhuo , Liu Xiaolong , Li Ning , Fan Xuchao
Published: July 2018

The intensive pulse sound wave can be generated by the underwater plasma sound source (UPSS) based on the discharge of the underwater high voltage. The distribution of the sound field is prominently nonlinear. In this paper, the sound field of the intensive UPSS is described by the integral two-dimensional axisymmetric unsteady Euler equations firstly. In order to solve the Euler equations numerically, an optimized fifth-order symmetric WENO (weighted essentially nonoscillatory) method based on the three templates is proposed which is called WENO-SYM3. Without increasing the number of candidate templates, a new symmetric template structure can be obtained by expanding the second template and shifting the third one backwards for one space. The method is validated through numerical examples and experiments, and the results show that WENO-SYM3 has a high distinguished accuracy; meanwhile, its nonphysical oscillations are not obvious. The experimental results are basically the same as the calculation results, and the maximum error is around 3%.
The Use of a Novel Porcine Derived Acellular Dermal Matrix (Mucoderm) in Peri-Implant Soft Tissue Augmentation: Preliminary Results of a Prospective Pilot Cohort Study
Authors: Papi Piero , Pompa Giorgio
Published: July 2018

Objective. Over the years, several techniques have been proposed for soft tissue augmentation around dental implants in order to improve keratinized mucosa width (KMW). Recently, a porcine derived acellular dermal matrix (Mucoderm®) has been proposed as autogenous graft substitute in order to avoid palatal harvesting and obtain comparable results to connective tissue grafts, in terms of aesthetics and function. The aim of this study is to present the one-year follow-up results of this matrix in peri-implant soft tissue augmentation procedures.Material and Methods. Twelve patients were enrolled in this pilot prospective study: a dental implant was placed in the upper premolar area and, at implant uncovering after eight weeks, the matrix was inserted. KMW gain was considered as primary outcome variable.Results. After one month from matrix insertion, mean KMW was 7.86±3.22 mm (100%), with no statistically significant intragroup variations (p>0.05). No membrane exposures or wound healing complications occurred during postoperative phase and, after one year, mean KMW was 5.67±2.12 mm (72.13%).Conclusions. The results of the present pilot study indicate that by placing a Mucoderm membrane during implant surgery the keratinized tissue width can be augmented, and the width remains stable for the assessment period of 12 months. Further studies with greater power and longer investigation period are needed to confirm the suggestion for clinical use. Clinical trial registration number is EudraCT number 2018-000147-16.
Boosting Secondary Metabolite Production and Discovery through the Engineering of Novel Microbial Biosensors
Authors: de Frias Ulysses Amancio , Pereira Greicy Kelly Bonifacio , Guazzaroni María-Eugenia , Silva-Rocha Rafael
Published: July 2018

Bacteria are a source of a large number of secondary metabolites with several biomedical and biotechnological applications. In recent years, there has been tremendous progress in the development of novel synthetic biology approaches both to increase the production rate of secondary metabolites of interest in native producers and to mine and reconstruct novel biosynthetic gene clusters in heterologous hosts. Here, we present the recent advances toward the engineering of novel microbial biosensors to detect the synthesis of secondary metabolites in bacteria and in the development of synthetic promoters and expression systems aiming at the construction of microbial cell factories for the production of these compounds. We place special focus on the potential of Gram-negative bacteria as a source of biosynthetic gene clusters and hosts for pathway assembly, on the construction and characterization of novel promoters for native hosts, and on the use of computer-aided design of novel pathways and expression systems for secondary metabolite production. Finally, we discuss some of the potentials and limitations of the approaches that are currently being developed and we highlight new directions that could be addressed in the field.
Improved Firefly Algorithm: A Novel Method for Optimal Operation of Thermal Generating Units
Authors: Nguyen Thang Trung , Quynh Nguyen Vu , Van Dai Le
Published: July 2018

This paper presents a novel improved firefly algorithm (IFA) to deal the problem of the optimal operation of thermal generating units (OOTGU) with the purpose of reducing the total electricity generation fuel cost. The proposed IFA is developed based on combining three improvements. The first is to be based on the radius between two solutions, the second is updated step size for each considered solution based on different new equations, and the third is to slightly modify a formula producing new solutions by using normally distributed random numbers and canceling uniform random numbers of conventional firefly algorithm (FA). The effect of each proposed improvement on IFA is investigated by executing five benchmark functions and two different systems. The performance of IFA is investigated on six other study cases consisting of different types of objective function and complex level of constraints. The objective function considers single fuel with quadratic form and nonconvex form, and multifuels with the sum of several quadratic and nonconvex functions while a set of constraints taken into account are power loss, prohibited zone, ramp rate limit, spinning reserve, and all constraints in transmission power networks. The obtained results indicate the proposed improvements in terms of high optimal solution quality, stabilization of search ability, and fast convergence compared with FA. In addition, the comparisons with other methods also lead to a conclusion that the proposed method is a very promising optimization tool for systems with quadratic fuel cost function and with complicated constraints.
Online State of Charge Estimation for Lithium-Ion Battery by Combining Incremental Autoregressive and Moving Average Modeling with Adaptive H-Infinity Filter
Authors: Liu Zheng , Dang Xuanju , Sun Hanxu
Published: July 2018

The state of charge (SOC) estimation is one of the most important features in battery management system (BMS) for electric vehicles (EVs). In this article, a novel equivalent-circuit model (ECM) with an extra noise sequence is proposed to reduce the adverse effect of model error. Model parameters identification method with variable forgetting factor recursive extended least squares (VFFRELS), which combines a constructed incremental autoregressive and moving average (IARMA) model with differential measurement variables, is presented to obtain the ECM parameters. The independent open circuit voltage (OCV) estimator with error compensation factors is designed to reduce the OCV error of OCV fitting model. Based on the IARMA battery model analysis and the parameters identification, an SOC estimator by adaptive H-infinity filter (AHIF) is formulated. The adaptive strategy of the AHIF improves the numerical stability and robust performance by synchronous adjusting noise covariance and restricted factor. The results of experiment and simulation have verified that the proposed approach has superior advantage of parameters identification and SOC estimation to other estimation methods.
A Practical Guide to Analyzing Time-Varying Associations between Physical Activity and Affect Using Multilevel Modeling
Authors: Kim Jinhyuk , Marcusson-Clavertz David , Togo Fumiharu , Park Hyuntae
Published: July 2018

There is growing interest in within-person associations of objectively measured physical and physiological variables with psychological states in daily life. Here we provide a practical guide with SAS code of multilevel modeling for analyzing physical activity data obtained by accelerometer and self-report data from intensive and repeated measures using ecological momentary assessments (EMA). We review previous applications of EMA in research and clinical settings and the analytical tools that are useful for EMA research. We exemplify the analyses of EMA data with cases on physical activity data and affect and discuss the future challenges in the field.
Tinnitus Abnormal Brain Region Detection Based on Dynamic Causal Modeling and Exponential Ranking
Authors: Tsai Ming-Chuan , Cai Yue-Xin , Wang Chang-Dong , Zheng Yi-Qing , Ou Jia-Ling , Chen Yan-Hong
Published: July 2018

Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) has been extended for the analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) based on a specific biophysical and neurobiological generative model for EEG. Comparing to methods that summarize neural activities with linear relationships, the generative model enables DCM to better describe how signals are generated and better reveal the underlying mechanism of the activities occurring in human brains. Since DCM provides us with an approach to the effective connectivity between brain areas, with exponential ranking, the abnormality of the observed signals can be further located to a specific brain region. In this paper, a combination of DCM and exponential ranking is proposed as a new method aiming at searching for the abnormal brain regions which are associated with chronic tinnitus.
Optimal Control of Rumor Spreading Model with Consideration of Psychological Factors and Time Delay
Authors: Huo Liang’an , Ma Chenyang
Published: July 2018

Rumors have rapidly increasing influence on the society as well as individual life in the information age. How to control the spread of such rumors effectively has become an urgent problem to be solved. In this paper, we consider an optimal control of rumor spreading model with psychological factors and time delay. Firstly, we introduce a realistic optimal control of rumor spreading model with consideration of Holling-type II functional response and time delay. Secondly, by introducing two control strategies of both promoting scientific knowledge and releasing official information, we formulate an optimal control problem to minimize both the number of ignorant individuals and spreaders and the control cost. Thirdly, we prove the existence and the necessary conditions of optimal control strategies theoretically based on Pontryagin’s maximum principle. Our results indicate that the proposed control strategies are effective in reducing the number of spreaders and ignorant individuals and minimizing control cost.
An Entropy-Histogram Approach for Image Similarity and Face Recognition
Authors: Aljanabi Mohammed Abdulameer , Hussain Zahir M. , Lu Song Feng
Published: July 2018

Image similarity and image recognition are modern and rapidly growing technologies because of their wide use in the field of digital image processing. It is possible to recognize the face image of a specific person by finding the similarity between the images of the same person face and this is what we will address in detail in this paper. In this paper, we designed two new measures for image similarity and image recognition simultaneously. The proposed measures are based mainly on a combination of information theory and joint histogram. Information theory has a high capability to predict the relationship between image intensity values. The joint histogram is based mainly on selecting a set of local pixel features to construct a multidimensional histogram. The proposed approach incorporates the concepts of entropy and a modified 1D version of the 2D joint histogram of the two images under test. Two entropy measures were considered, Shannon and Renyi, giving a rise to two joint histogram-based, information-theoretic similarity measures: SHS and RSM. The proposed methods have been tested against powerful Zernike-moments approach with Euclidean and Minkowski distance metrics for image recognition and well-known statistical approaches for image similarity such as structural similarity index measure (SSIM), feature similarity index measure (FSIM) and feature-based structural measure (FSM). A comparison with a recent information-theoretic measure (ISSIM) has also been considered. A measure of recognition confidence is introduced in this work based on similarity distance between the best match and the second-best match in the face database during the face recognition process. Simulation results using AT&T and FEI face databases show that the proposed approaches outperform existing image recognition methods in terms of recognition confidence. TID2008 and IVC image databases show that SHS and RSM outperform existing similarity methods in terms of similarity confidence.
Characteristics and Phylogeny ofShewanella haliotisIsolated from Cultivated Shellfish in Taiwan
Authors: Wu Zong-Yen , Liu Po-Yu , Tseng Shu-Ying , Lee Yi-Hsuan , Ho Shu-Peng
Published: July 2018

Shewanella haliotisis an emerging human pathogen. Many infectious cases were linked to shellfish ingestion or aquatic exposure. Therefore, it is important to study the phylogeny and distribution ofS. haliotisin shellfish aquaculture. We investigated the distribution ofS. haliotisin cultivated shellfish farming in Taiwan in whichS. haliotiswas found in the shellfish from all sampling sites.S. haliotiswas identified in cultivated shellfish by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, such as abalone (Haliotis diversicolor), clam (Meretrix lusoria), and oyster (Crassostrea gigas). This study highlighted the contamination ofS. haliotisin cultivated shellfish and importance of further study regarding the biodiversity and pathogenesis ofS. haliotis.
Rural–Urban Disparities in Time to Diagnosis and Treatment for Colorectal and Breast Cancer
Authors: Bergin Rebecca J. , Emery Jon , Bollard Ruth C. , Falborg Alina Zalounina , Jensen Henry , Weller David , Menon Usha , Vedsted Peter , Thomas Robert J. , Whitfield Kathryn , White Victoria
Published: July 2018

Background: Longer cancer pathways may contribute to rural–urban survival disparities, but research in this area is lacking. We investigated time to diagnosis and treatment for rural and urban patients with colorectal or breast cancer in Victoria, Australia.

Methods: Population-based surveys (2013–2014) of patients (aged ≥40, approached within 6 months of diagnosis), primary care physicians (PCPs), and specialists were collected as part of the International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership, Module 4. Six intervals were examined: patient (symptom to presentation), primary care (presentation to referral), diagnostic (presentation/screening to diagnosis), treatment (diagnosis to treatment), health system (presentation to treatment), and total interval (symptom/screening to treatment). Rural and urban intervals were compared using quantile regression including age, sex, insurance, and socioeconomic status.

Results: 433 colorectal (48% rural) and 489 breast (42% rural) patients, 621 PCPs, and 370 specialists participated. Compared with urban patients, patients with symptomatic colorectal cancer from rural areas had significantly longer total intervals at the 50th [18 days longer, 95% confidence interval (CI): 9–27], 75th (53, 95% CI: 47–59), and 90th percentiles (44, 95% CI: 40–48). These patients also had longer diagnostic and health system intervals (6–85 days longer). Breast cancer intervals were similar by area of residence, except the patient interval, which was shorter for rural patients with either cancer in the higher percentiles.

Conclusions: Rural residence was associated with longer total intervals for colorectal but not breast cancer; with most disparities postpresentation.

Impact: Interventions targeting time from presentation to diagnosis may help reduce colorectal cancer rural–urban disparities. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(9); 1036–46. ©2018 AACR.
Sequential Dexamethasone and Aflibercept Treatment in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema: Structural and Functional Outcomes at 52 Weeks
Authors: Hernández-Bel Laura , Cervera-Taulet Enrique , Navarro-Palop Catalina , Castro-Navarro Verónica , Chiarri-Toumit Cecilia , Montero-Hernández Javier
Published: July 2018

Objective: The aim of this paper is to compare intravitreous aflibercept versus dexamethasone implant followed by aflibercept (sequential treatment group) in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods: We conducted an observational retrospective study in naïve DME patients, 15 treated only with aflibercept (a monthly injection for the first 5 consecutive doses, followed by an injection every 2 months), and 15 treated with a single dexamethasone implant followed by bimonthly aflibercept. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and qualitative features as well as adverse events were assessed at baseline and at 2, 6, and 12 months. Results: BCVA increased from 70.8 ± 4.1 to 83.5 ± 2.7 letters with aflibercept and from 75.6 ± 2.7 to 86.5 ± 2.5 with sequential treatment (p = 0.551). CMT decreased from 411 ± 26.1 to 288.1 ± 10.5 with aflibercept and from 411.4 ± 24.3 to 260.8 ± 17.9 in the sequential treatment group. The differences between the 2 groups, in terms of visual gain and decreased MT, were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Nine and 6 injections and 9 and 7 monitoring visits were performed. Conclusion: Sequential treatment in DME, starting with dexamethasone and followed by aflibercept, is a promising alternative that can reduce the treatment burden in the first year without statistically significant differences in terms of visual gain and decreased MT compared to aflibercept only.
SHIP-AHOY (Study of High Blood Pressure in Pediatrics: Adult Hypertension Onset in Youth)
Authors: Mendizábal Brenda , Urbina Elaine M. , Becker Richard , Daniels Stephen R. , Falkner Bonita E. , Hamdani Gilad , Hanevold Coral D. , Hooper Stephen R. , Ingelfinger Julie R. , Lande Marc , Martin Lisa J. , Meyers Kevin , Mitsnefes Mark , Rosner Bernard , Samuels Joshua A. , Flynn Joseph T.
Published: July 2018

Although hypertension is identifiable in children and adolescents, there are many knowledge gaps on how to best define and manage high blood pressure in the young. SHIP-AHOY (Study of High Blood Pressure in Pediatrics: Adult Hypertension Onset in Youth) is being conducted to address these knowledge gaps. Five hundred adolescents will be recruited and will undergo ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, echocardiographic, vascular, and cognitive assessments, as well as epigenetic studies to identify mechanisms that underlie the development of hypertensive target organ damage. Details of the design and methods that will be utilized in SHIP-AHOY are presented here, as well as baseline characteristics of the first 264 study participants. The primary aim of the study is to develop a risk-based definition of hypertension in the young that will result in better understanding of the transition from blood pressure in youth to adult cardiovascular disease.
Cumulative Incidence of Hypertension by 55 Years of Age in Blacks and Whites: The CARDIA Study
Authors: Thomas S. Justin , Booth John N. , Dai Chen , Li Xuelin , Allen Norrina , Calhoun David , Carson April P. , Gidding Samuel , Lewis Cora E. , Shikany James M. , Shimbo Daichi , Sidney Stephen , Muntner Paul
Published: July 2018

Background

Blacks have higher blood pressure levels compared with whites beginning in childhood. Few data are available on racial differences in the incidence of hypertension from young adulthood through middle age.

Methods and Results

We calculated the cumulative incidence of hypertension from age 18 to 55 years among participants in the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study. Incident hypertension was defined by the first visit with mean systolic blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg, mean diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mm Hg, or self‐reported use of antihypertensive medication. Among 3890 participants without hypertension at baseline (aged 18–30 years), cumulative incidence of hypertension by age 55 years was 75.5%, 75.7%, 54.5%, and 40.0% in black men, black women, white men, and white women, respectively. Among participants with systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure <110 and 70, 110 to 119/70 to 74, and 120 to 129/75 to 79 mm Hg at baseline, blacks were more likely than whites to develop hypertension: multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios 1.97 (95% confidence interval, 1.65, 2.35), 1.80 (95% confidence interval, 1.52, 2.14), and 1.59 (95% confidence interval, 1.31, 1.93), respectively. Parental history of hypertension and higher body mass index, serum uric acid, and systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure categories were associated with a higher risk for hypertension among blacks and whites. A higher Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet adherence score was associated with a lower risk for hypertension in blacks and whites.

Conclusions

Regardless of blood pressure level in young adulthood, blacks have a substantially higher risk for hypertension compared with whites through 55 years of age.
A new species and a new record of Sinella Brook (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from Guizhou Province, China
Authors: WU JUN , HUANG CHENG-WANG , LUAN YUN-XIA
Published: July 2018

Two species of Sinella Brook were discovered in an expedition to Maolan National Nature Reserve, Guizhou Province, China: S. maolanensis sp. nov. and S. colorata Zhang, Qu & Deharveng. The new species is characterized by the postlabial chaetae X, X2 and X4 ciliate and X3 smooth and the 6+6 central mac on the fourth abdominal segment. It differs from the closely related species by the combination of postlabial chaetae and abdominal chaetotaxy. Sinella colorata is a new record from the province. A key to the eyeless Sinella species from China is provided.
„Nie popadajmy w przesadę z tą równością” – płeć mózgu, heteronorma i mistyka naukowości
Authors: Janion Ludmiła
Published: July 2018

„Let’s not be too eager about equality” – brain sex, heteronormativity, and the scientific mystiqueThe article analyses the role of brain sex in Polish public discourse of the last years. The authors of a popular book Brain Sex claim that differences between women and men stem from differences in the brain structure, and because of that they are universal and unchangeable; feminism is based on misrepresentation of science. This thesis was overtaken by right-wing journalists, as it gave scientific justification to conservative gender politics and contemplementarity – the gender ontology of the Catholic church. However, in the rightwing journalism a significant aspect of brain sex theory is silenced, namely, the claim that homo- and transsexuality result from disorders in brain development; they are unchangeable and should be accepted. Despite its conservative roots, brain sex was popularized in liberal media as well. The aura of science that accompanied this popular theory allowed to naturalize its anti-feminism and heteronormativity. This phenomenon is discussed on the basis of media activity of two Polish scientists who are popular both in right-wing and liberal media: Anna Grabowska and Jerzy Vetulani. Both present brain sex theory as objective, universally accepted truth, which is attacked in the name of the leftist ideology by ignorant activists who deny science. „Nie popadajmy w przesadę z tą równością” – płeć mózgu, heteronorma i mistyka naukowościArtykuł analizuje rolę płci mózgu w polskim dyskursie publicznym ostatnich lat. Autorzy niezwykle popularnej w Polsce książki Płeć mózgu twierdzą, że różnice między kobietami i mężczyznami wynikają z różnic w budowie mózgów, a przez to są uniwersalne i niezmienne, feminizm zaś jest oparty na fałszowaniu nauki. Teza ta została podchwycona przez prawicowych publicystów, ponieważ nadawała naukową legitymację konserwatywnej polityce płci oraz komplementaryzmowi – ontologii płci przyjętej przez Kościół katolicki. W prawicowym piśmiennictwie przemilcza się jednak istotny aspekt płci mózgu, mianowicie twierdzenie, że homo- i transseksualność wynikają z wad w rozwoju mózgu, są niezmienne i powinny być akceptowane. Mimo swoich konserwatywnych korzeni płeć mózgu była popularyzowana także w mediach liberalnych. Nimb naukowości, którym otaczany był popularny pogląd, pozwalał naturalizować związane z nim antyfeminizm i heteronormatywność. Zjawisko to omówione jest na podstawie działalności popularyzatorskiej dwojga naukowców, cieszących się popularnością zarówno w prawicowych, jak i liberalnych mediach: Anny Grabowskiej i Jerzego Vetulaniego. Oboje przedstawiali płeć mózgu jako obiektywną, powszechnie uznawaną naukową prawdę, z którą w imię lewicowej ideologii próbują walczyć nieakceptujący ustaleń nauki aktywiści.
„Zoo” i „makieta”. O dominujących sposobach pisania o Birobidżanie.
Authors: Maksimowska Agata
Published: July 2018

A “zoo” and “mock-up”: On the most frequent ways of portraying BirobidzhanThe article analyses the most common ways of depicting Birobidzhan by journalists, bloggers, film-makers and writers. Established in 1934, The Jewish Autonomous Region is an administrative unit within the Russian Federation. Foreign visitors and visitors from other parts of Russia usually perceive it as “exotic”, “funny”, “absurd”, “grotesque” or “artificial”. Its history is seen as a “failure”, especially when compared to Israel. In various representations, the notion of “utopia” is used in a very narrow, negative sense of “unrealistic pipe dream”. This orientalisation results in the objectification of local residents and delegitimisation of their practices of making sense of the region's history. „Zoo” i „makieta”. O dominujących sposobach pisania o BirobidżanieW artykule przeanalizowane zostały najczęstsze sposoby opisywania Birobidżanu przez dziennikarzy, blogerów, filmowców i pisarzy. Utworzony w 1934 r. Żydowski Obwód Autonomiczny wciąż istnieje jako jednostka administracyjna w ramach Federacji Rosyjskiej. Zazwyczaj traktowany jest przez odwiedzających z innych części Rosji lub z zagranicy jako „egzotyczny”, „śmieszny”, „absurdalny”, „groteskowy” czy „sztuczny”. Jego historia postrzegana jest jako „porażka”, zwłaszcza w porównaniu z historią Izraela. Autorzy rozmaitych przedstawień Birobidżanu posługują się także koncepcją „utopii” w jej zawężonym, negatywnym rozumieniu, jako „nierealnej mrzonki”. Orientalizacja Żydowskiego Obwodu Autonomicznego przyczynia się do uprzedmiotowienia jego mieszkańców i delegitymizowania ich praktyk nadawania sensu historii regionu.
Perspektywa postkolonialna w badaniach nad diasporą żydowską. Żyd-Chińczyk we wspomnieniach Anki Votickiej
Authors: Rydel Emilia
Published: July 2018

The postcolonial perspective on Jewish diaspora studies. Jew-Chinese in Anka’s Voticky memoriesThis article is an attempt to link reflection on Jewish refugee’s memory with postcolonial perspective. The primary source of my considerations is Anka Voticky’s written memories. Voticky had survived the Second World War in Shanghai and Hongkew ghetto. As a starting point, postcolonial theory has been used in close relation to Holocaust studies and diaspora studies. I also show traces of co-existence of Jews and Chinese allowed to break non-writing tradition about colonized people (amah, rickshaw, coolie) during Second World War. Perspektywa postkolonialna w badaniach nad diasporą żydowską. Żyd-Chińczyk we wspomnieniach Anki VotickiejArtykuł ten stanowi próbę refleksji nad pamięcią żydowskiej uchodźczyni, odczytaną z perspektywy postkolonialnej. Głównym źródłem rozważań i analizy są wspomnienia Anki Votickiej, czeskiej Żydówki, która II wojnę światową przeżyła w Szanghaju i getcie Hongkew. Jako punktu wyjścia używam teorii postkolonialnej do pokazania bliskiej relacji tej teorii ze studiami nad Holokaustem i tzw. diaspora studies. Ponadto, pokazuję ślady koegzystencji Żydów i Chińczyków przełamując praktykę niepisania o skolonizowanych – amah, rikszarzu i kulisie.
LES Study of Vertical Eddy Diffusivity Estimation in Bottom Boundary Layers
Authors: Wakata Yoshinobu
Published: July 2018

Osborn’s method is commonly used to obtain diffusion coefficient K from the turbulent dissipation rate ε. This method is the relational expression . The dissipation flux coefficient is often set to a constant value of 0.2, but this study of LES revealed that varies greatly vertically in the bottom boundary layer because of the influence of the seabed. Consequently, the eddy diffusion coefficient is overestimated in the lower part of the bottom boundary, but it is slightly underestimated in the upper part. Therefore, Osborn’s method with constant cannot give the correct diffusivity. Furthermore, even if treating as a function of flux Richardson number , as defined originally by Osborn, the estimation is underestimated by the advection effect because of the influence of spatial nonuniformity. Energy budget analysis revealed that this defect can be improved using the extended flux Richardson number, which can be estimated by multiplying using a constant correction factor. Furthermore, we proposed two alternative estimation methods. For the first method, which estimates the relation between and the gradient Richardson number , can be expressed with instead of with a correction factor. We can estimate the reasonable diffusivity if we have current data supplementary to obtain . For the second method, can be expressed as a similarity function of the height above the bottom normalized by the Ozmidov scale. This method can provide an acceptable estimate of diffusivity without current data for several circumstances.
Evaluation of total organic carbon contents in carbonate source rocks by modified acid treatment method and the geological significance of acid-soluble organic matters
Authors: Liu Peng , Wang Xiaofeng , Horita Juske , Fang Xuan , Zheng Jianjing , Li Xiaofu , Meng Qiang
Published: July 2018

Total organic carbon contents are an important parameter in evaluating hydrocarbon source rocks and it shows the hydrocarbon-generating potential of hydrocarbon source rocks. In this study, the total organic carbon of 16 carbonate rocks with different maturity level was determined by a modified acid treatment protocol of the elemental analyzer method. In the modified method, montmorillonite is used to thicken the residue of acid treatment and remaining acid solution. Then, total organic carbon values of “clay-paste” sample were analyzed by the element analysis method. The results of 16 carbonate rocks show that the total organic carbon values with the new method were greater than the conventional total organic carbon test in a majority of the samples. Additionally, the fraction of acid-soluble organic matters was investigated and it shows no clear relationship of the fraction of acid-soluble organic matters with maturity and total organic carbon values in source rocks. Hence, it indicates that the released acid-soluble organic matters are characterized by complex factors that influence their occurrence and compositions.
Technology-Assisted Counseling for Couples and Families
Authors: Teufel-Prida Lee A. , Raglin Marissa , Long Samantha C. , Wirick Dawn M.
Published: July 2018

Examines current literature on technology-assisted counseling for couples and families. The authors offer a critique of current technology-assisted practices for couples and families and in addition provide examples of current technology-assisted practices for couples and families. The authors summarize terminology in the literature, ethics and ethical and legal issues, and history regarding technology-assisted counseling in relation to couple and families. There are recommendations and future directions for advancing practice, theory, and research in technology-assisted counseling for couples and families.