bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphological, anatomical, palynological and ecological data on the local endemic Dianthus vanensis (Caryophyllaceae) from Turkey
Authors: KARAİSMAİLOĞLU MEHMET CENGIZ , EREZ MEHMET EMRE , PINAR SÜLEYMAN MESUT , FİDAN MEHMET , EROĞLU HÜSEYIN
Published: February 2019

A first detailed taxonomical, palynological, and ecological study of the Turkish endemic Dianthus vanensis is shown based on field data collected at locus classicus. A revised morphological description, including data of seed and pollen by using Scanning Electron Microscope, is provided. Seed surface displays elongated cells, which are lobate with 14−28 teeth, I, S shaped or irregular, and papillate. Pollen grains are radially symmetric, apolar, pantoporate and spheroidal shape (size: 40.38 ± 0.64 × 37.98 ± 0.36 µm), with scabrate ornamentation, and 9–12 pores elliptical (different margin), and operculate (size: 6.17 ± 0.23 × 4.17 ± 0.39 µm). The anatomy of root, stem and leaf are also investigated. On the outer surface of the root is placed a multi-layered periderm. The cortex consists of multi-layered parenchymatic cells under periderm, and its thickness is 176.49 ± 7.85 µm. In the stem cross-sections, it is noticed one epidermis layer, comprising of flat cells in outermost. Its thickness ranged between 28.13 and 35.29 µm. The type of vascular bundle is hadrocentric. In the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of the leaf are located 1-layer epidermis cells, comprising of the flat or rectangular cells. The leaf is equifacial. Leaves have collateral vascular type. IUCN category of the taxon is assessed CR (Critical Endangered) based on criterion B2a,b(iii).
Eunotia (Bacillariophyta) biodiversity from high altitude, freshwater habitats in the Mugecuo Scenic Area, Sichuan Province, China
Authors: LUO FEN , YOU QINGMIN , YU PAN , PANG WANTING , WANG QUANXI
Published: February 2019

Mugecuo Scenic Area is located in the northern Hengduan Mountains between the Sichuan Basin and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and has a subtropical humid monsoon climate. The area is at an altitude of 2600–3800 m above sea level (asl), with water originating mostly from melting mountain snow. In the region, a total of 20 Eunotia species have been identified, including two new species: E. mugecuo sp. nov., consisting of valves arched, clavate, ends broadly rounded, and terminal raphe fissures at the junction between valve face and mantle. The other newly-identified species is classified named as E. filiformis sp. nov., consisting of valves gently bent, ends not noticeably or only slightly inflated, broadly rounded, with external terminal raphe fissures curving in an angle of 180° back from apical nodules. Five newly recorded species have been identified in China, including E. odebrechtiana, E. michaelis, E. pomeranica, E. pseudogroenlandica and E. superpaludosa. Here, we discuss the new species and new taxon records through light and scanning microscopic documentation of valve morphology, along with key internal and external valve characteristics, and analyze the distribution of Eunotia in the Mugecuo Scenic Area.
Stem anatomy and its systematic implication in Bufonia (Caryophyllaceae, Sagineae) and related genera
Authors: MOUSAVI SABEREH , PIRANI ATEFEH , ZARRE SHAHIN
Published: February 2019

Stem anatomy of Bufonia and nine allied genera was studied in order to investigate the systematic value of anatomical characters in generic delimitation. Cross-sections of stems of 31 accessions representing 14 species and 3 subspecies of Bufonia, and 17 additional species of the genera Arenaria, Cerastium, Eremogone, Minuartia, Minuartiella, Odontostemma, Sabulina, Sagina, and Shivparvatia were examined using light microscopy. The characteristic features of stem anatomy in Bufonia are: 1) presence of one to four layers of parenchyma in cortex, 2) calcium oxalate crystals mostly in the endodermis, 3) presence of inner and outer sclerenchymatous pericycle, and 4) a large central pith rupturing in a linear to boat-shape mode and forming a central continuous slit. Characters such as arrangement and continuity of xylem along with the number, and arrangement of different tissues (or layers) discriminate Bufonia from the other studied genera. Stem anatomy of Eremogone, Minuartia, and Bufonia showed some degree of similarity reflecting a level of convergence in the stem anatomy that might explain the taxonomic confusion associated with this group. The present study supports previous exclusion of Bufonia koelzii and B. caespitosa from Bufonia and their inclusion in Eremogone.
Quill mites (Acari: Syringophilidae) associated with galliform birds (Aves: Galliformes)
Authors: SKORACKI MACIEJ , SIKORA BOZENA
Published: February 2019

A review of the syringophilid mites (Acari: Prostigmata: Cheyletoidea: Syringophilidae) parasitizing galliform birds is given. Four new species are described: Kalamotrypetes cracidus sp. nov. ex Penelope sp. from Guyana and Ortalis canicollis (Wagler) (Cracidae) from Paraguay; Galliphilopsis colinus sp. nov. ex Colinus cristatus (Linnaeus) from Surinam and C. leucopogon (Lesson) (Odontophoridae) from Colombia; G. szeptyckii sp. nov. ex Coturnix pectoralis Gould from Australia, C. chinensis (Linnaeus) from Indonesia and C. coturnix (Linnaeus) (Phasianidae) from Japan; Columbiphilus odontophoridus sp. nov. ex Colinus leucopogon (Lesson) from Colombia and C. cristatus (Linnaeus) from Surinam. The species K. pavodaptes Casto is transferred to the genus Mironovia Chirov and Kravtsova, and a new diagnosis for the quill mites of the genus Kalamotrypetes Casto is established. New host species are reported: Lagopus lagopus (Linnaeus) from Norway for Mironovia lagopus Bochkov and Skirnisson; Gallus sonneratii Temminck from India for Columbiphilus polonica Skoracki et al., and Alectoris rufa from France for C. alectoris Fain et al. Additionally, a complete check-list and a key to all genera and species of quill mites associated with galliform birds is proposed.
First record of Pontaralia beklemichevi Mack-Fira, 1968 (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela: Kalyptorhynchia) from the Russian Federation
Authors: TOKINOVA RIMMA P. , BERDNIK SERGEY V. , RATUSHNYAK ANNA A.
Published: February 2019

This is the first record of Pontaralia beklemichevi Mack-Fira, 1968 since its original description from Romania. Found in Lake Middle Kaban (Kazan, the Middle Volga basin), this species is new for Russian fauna. It is a relict of Ponto-Aral-Caspian that has recently invaded the Middle Volga basin. In the morphology of the male reproductive system, larger cirrus spines were noted in comparison with the original description.
Revision of the squat lobsters of the genus Leiogalathea Baba, 1969 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Munidopsidae) with the description of 15 new species
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ-FLORES PAULA C. , MACPHERSON ENRIQUE , MACHORDOM ANNIE
Published: February 2019

The genus Leiogalathea Baba, 1969 currently contains only two benthic species both occurring on the continental shelves and slope: L. laevirostris (Balss, 1913), widely reported in the Indo-Pacific region, and L. agassizii (A. Milne Edwards, 1880), from both sides of the Central Atlantic. A certain degree of morphological variability linked to their geographic distributions was previously noticed, mostly in L. laevirostris. In the present study, we revise numerous specimens collected from the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans, analysing morphological and molecular characters (COI and 16S rRNA). We found 15 new species; all of them are distinguished from L. laevirostris and L. agassizii by subtle but constant morphological differences and show clear genetic separation. Furthermore, L. imperialis (Miyake & Baba, 1967), previously synonymized with L. laevirostris, was found to be a valid species. All species are described and illustrated. Species of the genus Leiogalathea are morphologically distinguishable on the basis of the spinulation of the carapace, the shape and the armature of the rostrum, the shape of the propodi of the walking legs, and the pattern of the setae covering on rostrum, carapace and chelae. Some species are barely discernible on the basis of these characters but are highly divergent genetically.
Vampire in the darkness: a new genus and species of land leech exclusively bloodsucking cave-dwelling bats from China (Hirudinda: Arhynchobdellida: Haemadipsidae)
Authors: HUANG TAIFU , LIU ZHIWEI , GONG XIAOYAN , WU TAO , LIU HUI , DENG JIAXIN , ZHANG YOUXIANG , PENG QINGZHONG , ZHANG LIBIAO , LIU ZHIXIAO
Published: February 2019

Land leeches in the family Haemadipsidae are mostly from the humid tropical rainforest habitats and habitually take blood from the body of human and other animals. In the present study, we report a new species, Sinospelaeobdella wulingensis sp. n., from caves in the northern subtropical Wuling Mountains of central-south China that feeds blood exclusively on cave-dwelling bats. Based on morphological characteristics, COI gene sequence divergence, and phylogenetic analysis, a new genus Sinospelaeobdella gen. n. is established for the new species, to which a previously described species Haemadipsa cavatuses Yang et al., 2009 is transferred as S. cavatuses comb. n. We also provided extended discussion on phylogenetic relationship within the “Tritetrabdellinae” clade uncovered in a previous study, DNA taxonomy, morphological and behavioral adaptions, biogeography, and possible involvement of Sinospelaeobdella gen. n. in bat transmitted diseases of public concerns.
Dry leaf or twig mantis? A new genus and species of Acanthopidae with sexually dimorphic cryptic strategies (Insecta: Mantodea)
Authors: AGUDELO R. ANTONIO A. , MALDANER CAROLINE , RAFAEL JOSÉ A.
Published: February 2019

Praying mantises (Mantodea) are distinct for their rich diversity of cryptic adaptations. Among the many strategies, dry-leaf mimicry have evolved multiple times in unrelated lineages from different zoogeographic regions, among them the Neotropical Acanthopidae. Here we describe Metacanthops fuscum n. gen. et n. sp. based on male and female specimens from the Brazilian Amazon. The recognition of this new acanthopid lineage revealed that Acanthops amazonica Beier, 1930 (currently assigned to Metilia Stål) is a member of Metacanthops and thus we transfer this species, now referable to as Metacanthops amazonica (Beier, 1930) n. comb., redescribe the holotype, and provide new data on its distribution in Brazil and French Guiana. Metacanthops is closely related to Metilia, from which its number of forefemoral posteroventral spines, head and compound eye shape, pronotal configuration, wings features, and the entirely brown habitus of males, can distinguish it. We highlight some aspects of sexual dimorphism in Metacanthops fuscum in relation to their dimorphic cryptic strategies, where males resemble a dry leaf and females a lichenous twig. We additionally establish five recently published names under genus Metilia as nomina nuda.
The role of school-based health education in adolescent spiritual moral, social and cultural development
Authors: Chester Kayleigh L , Klemera Ellen , Magnusson Josefine , Spencer Neil H , Brooks Fiona M
Published: February 2019

Background:

The broad nature of young people’s development is internationally acknowledged, which includes physical, mental, spiritual, moral and social elements. In England, schools have a legal obligation to promote spiritual, moral, social and cultural (SMSC) development. It has been suggested that personal, social, health and economic (PSHE) education, a broad form of school-based health education, may contribute to building SMSC development in young people.

Objective:

To examine the association between PSHE education in schools and outcomes of an SMSC nature.

Method:

The study drew on data collected as part of the 2014 World Health Organization Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study for England. Data were collected from young people aged 11, 13 and 15 years, using anonymous self-completed surveys administered during school lessons. The analysis drew on responses from 3,731 young people. Multilevel modelling was used to examine the association between PSHE education and variables of an SMSC nature, while controlling for demographic variables.

Results:

Overall, the majority of young people who reported receiving PSHE education were positive about the benefits of this school-based health education. Positive perceptions of PSHE education were significantly associated with increased spirituality among young people, reduced engagement in both fighting and bullying perpetration and increased general self-efficacy.

Conclusion:

This paper highlights the important role that health education in a school context may have for young people’s broader development, and contributes to the national evidence base advocating for compulsory PSHE education in schools.
Book Review: Ashutosh Kumar, Coolies of the Empire: Indentured Indians in the Sugar Colonies, 1830–1920
Authors: Gowricharn Ruben
Published: February 2019

Ashutosh Kumar, Coolies of the Empire: Indentured Indians in the Sugar Colonies, 1830–1920, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017, 338 pp.
Book Review: Moin Ahmad Nizami, Reform and Renewal in South Asian Islam: The Chishti-Sabris in 18th–19th Century North India
Authors: Ingram Brannon D.
Published: February 2019

Moin Ahmad Nizami, Reform and Renewal in South Asian Islam: The Chishti-Sabris in 18th–19th Century North India, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2017, 305 pp.
The Editor’s Note: Course corrections
Authors: Heller Rafael
Published: February 2019

A pair of reports from near the turn of the 20th century help make sense of current debates related to school curricula. The first, from the Committee of Ten, advocates a college-prep curriculum. The second, Cardinal Principles emphasizes vocational training. Kappan Editor in Chief Rafael Heller explain about questions about schools’ role in preparing for college and for careers have continued to the present day.
A Look Back: How Kappan authors have thought about curriculum
Authors: Preston Teresa
Published: February 2019

Questions about how to rethink school curricula often come down to what we believe the goal of schools should be, and educators and policy makers have debated that question for decades. In the column, Teresa Preston looks at what Kappan authors have written about the purposes of education and how school curricula should be structured.
The problem with the expanding horizons model for history curricula
Authors: Krahenbuhl Kevin S.
Published: February 2019

The history curriculum in the United States, particularly in the elementary grades, has long been in need of a revamp, argues Kevin Krahenbuhl. The predominant model of history education, expanding horizons (EH), which begins with students’ local communities and expands outward, is built on incorrect assumptions about what young people are able to understand. In addition, the child-centered nature of the EH approach can lead to “presentism,” in which the past is evaluated in terms of present-day understandings. The focus on skills over content in EH also denies the extent to which growth in historical skill requires content knowledge. Krahenbuhl proposes an expertise-oriented approach that includes specific content and practices and a broad and deep examination of content.
The power of P-3 school reform
Authors: Reynolds Arthur J.
Published: February 2019

Arthur Reynolds describes the significance, development, and effects of preschool to 3rd grade approaches. This school reform strategy integrates services and supports transitions, thereby increasing achievement, sustaining gains, and realistically reducing achievement gaps. Evidence from the Child-Parent Center (CPC) program is reviewed to illustrate key principles, strategies, and elements. Data from the Chicago Longitudinal Study and the more recent Midwest CPC expansion show that the program is effective in enhancing the transition to school and promoting longer-term well-being.
The need to catalyze change in high school mathematics
Authors: Berry Robert Q. , Larson Matthew R.
Published: February 2019

Results on the National Assessment for Education Progress and the Program for International Student Assessment show that high school mathematics instruction is past due for a redesign. Despite calls for reform going back at least four decades, the structure of math instruction has remained largely the same. In April 2018, the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics released Catalyzing Change in High School Mathematics: Initiating Critical Conversations to promote discussion of the changes needed. Robert Berry and Matthew Larson, current and past presidents of NCTM, describe the arguments within this report, asserting that the math curriculum needs to help students understand the mathematics that’s part of daily life, that tracking of students and teachers should be abandoned, that instruction should involve all students as doers of math, and that all students should experience a common curriculum.
An improvement plan is not enough — you need a strategy
Authors: Stevenson Isobel
Published: February 2019

Principals and superintendents are regularly required to write improvement plans. These are typically derided as being “left on the shelf” when they are supposed to be “living documents”. The implication is that educational leaders are not working on their plans the way they are supposed to. Isobel Stevenson suggests that the format of the plan itself is the reason for its lack of utility; instead, we should be less concerned about action steps and deadlines and more concerned about putting serious thought into designing a strategy that has the power to meet its student achievement goals.
Under the Law: The legal balancing act over public school curriculum
Authors: Underwood Julie
Published: February 2019

Julie Underwood reviews court rulings related to curriculum and the balancing of various stakeholders’ interests. Both states and districts have the authority to set curricular requirements for the well-being of their residents, even at times over parents’ objections. Although no single statute guides courts in balancing the interests of states, districts, parents, and students, constitutional considerations are paramount, and courts generally defer to education decision makers and find for the expansion of knowledge.
Career Confidential: How can a teacher tell a mother to stop doing her son’s work?
Authors: Fagell Phyllis L.
Published: February 2019

Phyllis Fagell advises a teacher who believes a parent is completing her son’s homework, a teacher considering taking a job at her children’s school, and a teacher whose supervisor is critical of her high-profile work as an education leader.
Psychometric Properties of the Snaith–Hamilton Pleasure Scale and a Facet-Level Analysis of the Relationship Between Anhedonia and Extraversion in a Nonclinical Sample
Authors: Langvik Eva , Borgen Austad Sigrun
Published: February 2019

The aim of this study is to investigate the psychometric properties of the Snaith–Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) and look at facets of extraversion as predictors of anhedonia. SHAPS is hypothesized to be multidimensional, stable over time in a nonclinical sample, and related to extraversion on both dimension and facet level. Data collection was conducted at baseline ( N = 362) and at a 10-week follow-up ( N = 94). The structural properties of SHAPS were analyzed using principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Multiple regression explored facets of extraversion as predictors of anhedonia. The results show that SHAPS is stable across time ( r = .71, p < .001), with high internal consistency (α = .89). In the principal component analysis, a two-factor model emerged (Social and Physical anhedonia). The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the two-factor model consisting of Physical anhedonia (α = .81) and Social anhedonia (α = .87) had a better fit than the one-factor model. Higher scores on Gregariousness and Positive emotions at baseline predicted higher scores on the SHAPS total and Social and Physical anhedonia ( p < .05). Lower scores on Assertiveness predicted higher scores on Social anhedonia ( p < .05). These results support the view of anhedonia as a multidimensional concept that should be regarded as a trait, rather than a state or mere bypassing symptom. The relationship between anhedonia and extroversion is best understood by applying a multidimensional approach to anhedonia and by focusing on the facet level of extroversion.
Water displacement characteristics at the high water-cut stage based on microscopic experiments and simulations
Authors: Sun Hongxia , Yao Jun , Zhao Yujie
Published: February 2019

Based on microscopic water displacement experiments and numerical simulation results, new pore-scale displacement indexes were established and subsequently used to analyze oil and water flow characteristics and evaluate water displacement effectiveness. Thus, our understanding was deepened of remaining oil extraction by increasing liquid withdrawal and adjusting water-driving streamline at the high water-cut stage. Results show that water displacement is a process by which both pore sweep coefficient and inner-pore displacement coefficient are increasing simultaneously, resulting in the increase of microscopic comprehensive displacement efficiency. Preferential flow exists in the water displacement process. At the high water-cut stage, enlargement of velocity and pressure difference between the dominant and non-dominant flow channel indicates the injected water is channeling along the dominant flow channel, so that pore sweep coefficient grows slowly and even levels off, which slows down the increase of the comprehensive displacement efficiency. An inflection can be seen at remaining oil dispersion curve in high water-cut period which implies low utilization of the injected water and poor water displacement effectiveness. Increasing liquid withdrawal, to some extent, can decrease the pressure gap between the dominant and non-dominant flow channel and hence increase pore sweep coefficient. Adjusting water-drive streamline can greatly increase pore sweep coefficient by reducing the injected water channeling along the dominant flow channel and tapping the remaining oil in non-dominant flow channel, and therefore obtains a better response in improving water displacement efficiency.
Smart urbanism? ICTs for water and electricity supply in Nairobi
Authors: Guma Prince K
Published: February 2019

In recent years, the study of urban infrastructure has become central to examining African cities. This paper is a contribution to this scholarship. Of particular interest is the interface between telecommunications and urban water and electricity utility systems. I examine the degree to which ICT deployments for urban water and electricity supply shape and are shaped by the urban context of Nairobi, Kenya. I show how in recognition of the city’s splintering and fragmentation, service providers have employed spatial targeting, strategically deploying ‘pro-poor’ services. I argue that while framed along narratives of spatial justice, ‘pro-poor’ deployments demonstrate market-led priorities for utility providers in their desire to maximise returns on investment, expand centralised networks, increase market share, and counter competition from private and heterogeneous providers. I also show that these deployments have had to contend with micro-political dynamics and implications. Ultimately, the objective for this paper is to offer an empirical perspective on the efficacy of the urban nexus and the contested nature of the politics and spatialities of smart or ICT-led urbanism especially in the context of an African city.
‘I call it the dark side’: Stigma, social capital and social networks in a disadvantaged neighbourhood
Authors: Verdouw Julia , Flanagan Kathleen
Published: February 2019

It is well established that the stigmatisation of residents of socio-economically disadvantaged places by outsiders can have harmful consequences for those residents’ wellbeing and opportunities. However, relatively little research examines the effects of intra-neighbourhood stigmatisation on residents. We draw on Loïc Wacquant’s ‘advanced marginality’ thesis to explore this dynamic. We extend Wacquant’s concept of ‘territorial stigmatisation’ empirically with a social and spatial analysis of relational ties and stigma in a disadvantaged neighbourhood in Tasmania, Australia. This shifts the analytical focus from insider–outsider boundary-making to the ‘micro-territories’ of stigma production, which we argue are relationally as well as geographically constituted.
Understanding the attitude–behaviour relationship: a quantitative analysis of public participation in anti-immigrant violence in South Africa
Authors: Gordon Steven Lawrence
Published: February 2019

Xenophobic violence is a fundamental obstacle to the mental, social, and economic wellbeing of international migrants living and working in South Africa. Currently, there is substantial contention on what determines participation in this type of behaviour. This article looks at the role of perceived threat and whether such attitudes are driving both past participation and potential participation in anti-immigrant violence. Data from three rounds (2015–2017) of the South African Social Attitudes Survey ( N = 9,292) was used for this study. Although a majority were found not to have taken part in violence, many people indicated a willingness to consider participating in anti-immigrant violence in the future. A multivariate (multinomial) regression approach was employed to identify those factors most associated with violent participation. Perceived threat was shown to be a robust predictor of potential participation in violence. This suggests that anti-immigrant perceptions could have a mobilising effect, spurring individuals towards acts of violent xenophobia.
Association of Ménière Disease with Human Leukocyte Antigen in Taiwanese Population
Authors: Chan Kai-Chieh , Wu Che-Ming , Ho Wan-Ling , Lai Ping-Chin
Published: February 2019

The etiology of Ménière disease (MD) is multifactorial; genetic factors seem to play an important role. The associations between MD and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) status have been studied previously in several populations and have shown that the HLA alleles imparting susceptibility varied. In the present study, we explored HLA status in Taiwanese patients with definitive MD. HLA was typed via polymerase chain reaction, sequence-specific oligonucleotide genotyping in 35 patients with MD diagnosed using the criteria of the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery and 70 unrelated healthy controls. HLA allele association tests were used to evaluate differences in allelic frequencies between the patients and controls. The allelic frequency of HLA-A∗11 was significantly greater in MD patients than in controls (52.9 vs. 31.4%, odds ratio: 2.45, 95% confidence interval: 1.4 to 4.4, p = 0.004, p corrected = 0.03). Thus, A∗11 may be a useful HLA biomarker in Taiwanese patients with MD. Further larger-scale studies are required.
Using Multiple Modes of Transcription to Improve the Sentence Typing of Elementary Students With Disabilities
Authors: Datchuk Shawn M. , Smith Sydra , Wang Lanqi
Published: February 2019

Elementary students are expected to engage in written expression that is handwritten and typed. One critical skill of written expression is sentence construction: the composition of multiple words that follow rules of semantics and syntax. Unfortunately, many students with disabilities struggle to successfully handwrite or type complete sentences. In the present study, we investigated effects of a supplemental writing intervention that taught simple sentence handwriting and typing. Participants included three elementary students with high-incidence, academically related disabilities. Overall results were mixed with all students showing a gradual increase in sentence typing accuracy and speed as measured by writing sequences on 3-min sentence construction probes. Findings are discussed within the context of multimodal writing development and fluency-based writing interventions.
The Language of Wisdom Understood Through an Analysis of Wise Quotes
Authors: DeFrank Melanie , Bivona Marissa , Chiaraluce Brianna , Kahlbaugh Patricia
Published: February 2019

Wise quotes carry advice about how to navigate life’s difficult decisions or feelings, allowing cultures to pass wisdom through generations. Qualities of wisdom have been identified by careful examination of wise individuals. Similarly, wise sayings and quotations can be analyzed and interpreted as emblematic of cultural beliefs about wisdom. The present research examines thematic and linguistic qualities of 157 wise quotes nominated as wise by 194 undergraduates. Thematic analysis of wise quotes centered on five dimensions of wisdom: Humor, Emotion, Review, Openness and Experience. Humor and Emotion were found to be the least represented while Review and Experience were the most represented. Linguistic analysis compared strong ( n = 101) versus weak ( n = 56) wise quotes and found that strong wise quotes were more linguistically complex and less likely to use the first-person pronouns. Analyzing the language of wisdom through quotes can provide additional insight into cultural representations of wisdom.
Form prominence in the L2 lexicon: Further evidence from word association
Authors: Jiang Nan , Zhang Jianqin
Published: February 2019

Two lines of evidence emerged in the past suggesting that lexical form seemed to play a more important role in the organization of the second language (L2) mental lexicon than in that of the first language (L1) lexicon. They were masked orthographic priming in L2 word recognition and an elevated proportion of form-related responses in L2 word association. However, findings from previous word association studies were inconsistent regarding (1) how often L2 speakers produced form-related responses ( flood–blood) and (2) whether L2 speakers were more likely than L1 speakers to provide such responses. Attributing this inconsistency to two methodological causes, the classification of form-related responses and the selection of stimuli, the present study adopted an improved approach by quantifying the definition of form-related responses and by selecting stimuli that had both strong semantic associates and orthographically similar words as potential responses. The latter improvement helped remove the bias for producing either meaning-based or form-based responses. A group of 30 English native speakers and two groups of 65 non-native speakers were tested on the same set of stimuli of 74 English words. Three findings were obtained: (1) non-native speakers produced significantly more form-related responses than native speakers, (2) the two non-native speaker group who differed in L2 experiences showed comparable results, and (3) the participants’ familiarity with the stimuli and the lexical frequency of the stimuli negatively correlated with the proportion of form-related responses among non-native speakers. These results provided more compelling evidence for form prominence in the L2 lexicon.
The effectiveness of somatosensory retraining for improving sensory function in the arm following stroke: a systematic review
Authors: Turville Megan L , Cahill Liana S , Matyas Thomas A , Blennerhassett Jannette M , Carey Leeanne M
Published: February 2019

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate if somatosensory retraining programmes assist people to improve somatosensory discrimination skills and arm functioning after stroke.

Data sources:

Nine databases were systematically searched: Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsychInfo, Embase, Amed, Web of Science, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, OT seeker, and Cochrane Library.

Review methods:

Studies were included for review if they involved (1) adult participants who had somatosensory impairment in the arm after stroke, (2) a programme targeted at retraining somatosensation, (3) a primary measure of somatosensory discrimination skills in the arm, and (4) an intervention study design (e.g. randomized or non-randomized control designs).

Results:

A total of 6779 articles were screened. Five group trials and five single case experimental designs were included ( N = 199 stroke survivors). Six studies focused exclusively on retraining somatosensation and four studies focused on somatosensation and motor retraining. Standardized somatosensory measures were typically used for tactile, proprioception, and haptic object recognition modalities. Sensory intervention effect sizes ranged from 0.3 to 2.2, with an average effect size of 0.85 across somatosensory modalities. A majority of effect sizes for proprioception and tactile somatosensory domains were greater than 0.5, and all but one of the intervention effect sizes were larger than the control effect sizes, at least as point estimates. Six studies measured motor and/or functional arm outcomes ( n = 89 participants), with narrative analysis suggesting a trend towards improvement in arm use after somatosensory retraining.

Conclusion:

Somatosensory retraining may assist people to regain somatosensory discrimination skills in the arm after stroke.
Social cognition and emotion regulation: a multifaceted treatment (T-ScEmo) for patients with traumatic brain injury
Authors: Westerhof-Evers Herma J , Visser-Keizer Annemarie C , Fasotti Luciano , Spikman Jacoba M
Published: February 2019

Background:

Many patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury have deficits in social cognition. Social cognition refers to the ability to perceive, interpret, and act upon social information. Few studies have investigated the effectiveness of treatment for impairments of social cognition in patients with traumatic brain injury. Moreover, these studies have targeted only a single aspect of the problem. They all reported improvements, but evidence for transfer of learned skills to daily life was scarce. We evaluated a multifaceted treatment protocol for poor social cognition and emotion regulation impairments (called T-ScEmo) in patients with traumatic brain injury and found evidence for transfer to participation and quality of life.

Purpose:

In the current paper, we describe the theoretical underpinning, the design, and the content of our treatment of social cognition and emotion regulation (T-ScEmo).

Theory into practice:

The multifaceted treatment that we describe is aimed at improving social cognition, regulation of social behavior and participation in everyday life. Some of the methods taught were already evidence-based and derived from existing studies. They were combined, modified, or extended with newly developed material.

Protocol design:

T-ScEmo consists of 20 one-hour individual sessions and incorporates three modules: (1) emotion perception, (2) perspective taking and theory of mind, and (3) regulation of social behavior. It includes goal-setting, psycho-education, function training, compensatory strategy training, self-monitoring, role-play with participation of a significant other, and homework assignments.

Recommendations:

It is strongly recommended to offer all three modules, as they build upon each other. However, therapists can vary the time spent per module, in line with the patients’ individual needs and goals. In future, development of e-learning modules and virtual reality sessions might shorten the treatment.
Distinguishing metastases from benign adrenal masses: what can CT texture analysis do?
Authors: Shi Bing , Zhang Gu-Mu-Yang , Xu Min , Jin Zheng-Yu , Sun Hao
Published: February 2019

Background

Computed tomography texture analysis (CTTA) has gained an increasing role in oncology and has successfully demonstrated to reflect biological associations with glucose metabolism, hypoxia, angiogenesis, and even genetic variation.

Purpose

To determine whether quantitative CTTA can be used to differentiate metastases from benign adrenal masses on single energy CT images.

Material and Methods

A total of 225 patients with 265 histologically confirmed adrenal masses (101 metastases, 98 pheochromocytomas, and 66 lipid-poor adenomas) were included in this retrospective study. CTTA was performed and six texture parameters (including mean, SD of pixel distribution histogram, mean of positive pixels, entropy, kurtosis, skewness) across six spatial scaling factor (SSF) were recorded on both unenhanced and contrast-enhanced CT images. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated using the significant texture parameters for the objective. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using the cut-off values of texture parameters by ROC analysis. The optimal discriminative texture parameters were used to produce support vector machine (SVM) classifiers. Diagnostic accuracy and 10-fold cross-validation was performed.

Results

Compared to benign adrenal masses, metastases had significantly lower mean gray-level intensity, SD, entropy, mean of positive pixels and kurtosis on unenhanced images ( P < 0.0083). On contrast-enhanced CT images, except for skewness and kurtosis, the other four texture texture-quantifiers were lower in the metastatic compared to the other group ( P < 0.0083). A model incorporating mean, SD, entropy and mean value of positive pixels produced an AUC of 0.85 ± 0.03 with an SVM accuracy of 77% to identify metastatic from benign adrenal masses.

Conclusion

Differentiation of metastatic and benign adrenal masses can be achieved accurately with CTTA on contrast-enhanced CT images.
Chronic stress: a critical risk factor for atherosclerosis
Authors: Yao Bo-chen , Meng Ling-bing , Hao Meng-lei , Zhang Yuan-meng , Gong Tao , Guo Zhi-gang
Published: February 2019

Chronic stress refers to the non-specific systemic reaction that occurs when the body is stimulated by various internal and external negative factors over a long time. The physiological response to chronic stress exposure has long been recognized as a potent modulator in the occurrence of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, research has confirmed the correlation between atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Chronic stress is pervasive during negative life events and may lead to the formation of plaque. Several epidemiological studies have shown that chronic stress is an independent risk factor for the development of vascular disease and for increased morbidity and mortality in patients with pre-existing coronary artery disease. One possible mechanism for this process is that chronic stress causes endothelial injury, directly activating macrophages, promoting foam cell formation and generating the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. This mechanism involves numerous variables, including inflammation, signal pathways, lipid metabolism and endothelial function. The mechanism of chronic stress in atherosclerosis should be further investigated to provide a theoretical basis for efforts to eliminate the effect of chronic stress on the cardiocerebral vascular system.
Effect of alteplase on platelet function and receptor expression
Authors: Lu Jun , Hu Peng , Wei Guangyu , Luo Qi , Qiao Jianlin , Geng Deqin
Published: February 2019

Objective

To investigate the role of alteplase, a widely-used thrombolytic drug, in platelet function.

Methods

Human platelets were incubated with different concentrations of alteplase followed by analysis of platelet aggregation in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen, ristocetin, arachidonic acid or epinephrine using light transmittance aggregometry. Platelet activation and surface levels of platelet receptors GPIbα, GPVI and αIIbβ3 were analysed using flow cytometry. The effect of alteplase on clot retraction was also examined.

Results

This study demonstrated that alteplase significantly inhibited platelet aggregation in response to ADP, collagen and epinephrine in a dose-dependent manner, but it did not affect ristocetin- or arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation. Alteplase did not affect platelet activation as demonstrated by no differences in P-selectin levels and PAC-1 binding being observed in collagen-stimulated platelets after alteplase treatment compared with vehicle. There were no changes in the surface levels of the platelet receptors GPIbα, GPVI and αIIbβ3 in alteplase-treated platelets. Alteplase treatment reduced thrombin-mediated clot retraction.

Conclusions

Alteplase inhibits platelet aggregation and clot retraction without affecting platelet activation and surface receptor levels.
Moving beyond Marcuse: Gentrification, displacement and the violence of un-homing
Authors: Elliott-Cooper Adam , Hubbard Phil , Lees Loretta
Published: February 2019

Displacement has become one of the most prominent themes in contemporary geographical debates, used to describe processes of dispossession and forced eviction at a diverse range of scales. Given its frequent deployment in studies describing the consequences of gentrification, this paper seeks to better define and conceptualise displacement as a process of un-homing, noting that while gentrification can prompt processes of eviction, expulsion and exclusion operating at different scales and speeds, it always ruptures the connection between people and place. On this basis – and recognising displacement as a form of violence – this paper concludes that the diverse scales and temporalities of displacement need to be better elucidated so that their negative emotional, psychosocial and material impacts can be more fully documented, and resisted.
Long-term Results After Repair of Isolated Meniscal Tears Among Patients Aged 18 Years and Younger: An 18-Year Follow-up Study
Authors: Hagmeijer Michella H. , Kennedy Nicholas I. , Tagliero Adam J. , Levy Bruce A. , Stuart Michael J. , Saris Daniel B.F. , Dahm Diane L. , Krych Aaron J.
Published: February 2019

Background:

Meniscal repair is desirable over resection to prevent postmeniscectomy arthritis, especially among young and active patients. However, long-term data are currently lacking following isolated meniscal repair, particularly in the pediatric population.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

To report long-term follow-up of isolated meniscal tears treated by meniscal repair in a pediatric and adolescent population and to compare those results with previous midterm follow-up data reported. The authors hypothesized that these patients would have satisfactory function and reoperation rates at long-term follow-up.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Forty-four patients aged ≤18 years undergoing repair of an isolated meniscal tear (without concomitant anterior cruciate ligament injury) between 1990 and 2005 were included. At the time of final follow-up, recurrent tear, reoperations, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Tegner scores were determined. With logistic regression, the overall failure among tear types was calculated. Wilcoxon rank sum analysis were performed to calculate the differences in clinical outcome for different time points, and Spearman coefficients were calculated for Tegner and IKDC with different variables.

Results:

At a mean follow-up of 17.6 years (range, 13.1-25.9 years), 32 patients with 33 isolated meniscal repairs (29 male, 3 female) with a mean age of 16.1 years (range, 9.9-18.7 years) at surgery were included in this study. At early follow-up, the overall failure rate was 14 of 33 (42%); complex tears (80%) and bucket-handle tears (47%) had higher overall failure rates when compared with simple tears (18.2%), although only complex tears had a significantly higher failure rate. However, no further failures occurred since midterm follow-up with any tear type. At final follow-up, the mean IKDC score was 92.3, which was significantly increased when compared with preoperative (65.3, P < .0001) and midterm (90.2, P = .01) scores. The mean Tegner score (6.5) was significantly lower than both preoperative (8.3, P < .0001) and midterm (8.4, P < .0001) scores. There was no difference in Tegner or IKDC score for patients with successful versus failed repair.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, while there was a high early failure rate, this study demonstrated overall good to excellent long-term clinical outcomes after isolated meniscal repair in an adolescent population, even for those requiring reoperation. Early failure and reoperation rates were variable, depending on tear type, with complex multiplanar tears having more failures at short-term follow-up. However, at long-term follow-up, IKDC and Tegner scores were not significantly different for those with complex tears as compared with other tear types.
Environmental Enforcement: An Exploration of Latino Political Representation
Authors: Spina Francesca , McCormack Philip D. , Clarke Kaitlyn , Walfield Scott
Published: February 2019

This paper examines whether there are disparities in environmental enforcement. It contributes to the extant literature by examining if the political representation of Latinos influences levels of inspections for Hispanic populations. Using data from the Integrated Database for Enforcement Analysis (IDEA), the U.S. Census Bureau, and the National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials (NALEO), this paper examines patterns of state enforcement of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) nationwide from 2005 to 2011 to determine if there are disparities in levels of inspections. Using zero-inflated negative binomial models, results indicate minimal evidence of ethnic or class-based disparities in enforcement of the RCRA during this time period. However, there is evidence indicating weaker enforcement efforts in African American counties.
Ethical considerations for health leaders responsible for the care of transgender patients
Authors: Duthie Katherine
Published: February 2019

As transgender persons have gained a stronger voice within 21st century Western society, their stories have received greater prominence within the media and academia. This has spurred further social change, bringing questions about gender identity and expression into public discourse, leading for calls for systemic changes regarding how gender is defined and understood. Health leaders have ethical obligations to respond to this call and to develop and sustain health systems where safer, respectful and welcoming care and spaces are available for all patients.
Positive Interpersonal Processes
Authors: Algoe Sara B.
Published: February 2019

Good relationships are characterized by frequent positive social interactions, such as having fun together, sharing laughs, doing kind things for one another, and expressing gratitude. Here, building on rapidly emerging findings, I articulate core features of positive interpersonal processes for the first time. This approach leads to useful specificity in predictions about relationship consequences and simultaneously contributes to both affective and relationship science, two domains that span disciplines within the psychological literature. In turn, basic research on everyday positive interpersonal processes points toward new avenues for understanding the well-established links between good relationships and health.
Human and Computer Personality Prediction From Digital Footprints
Authors: Hinds Joanne , Joinson Adam
Published: February 2019

Is it possible to judge someone accurately from his or her online activity? The Internet provides vast opportunities for individuals to present themselves in different ways, from simple self-enhancement to malicious identity fraud. We often rely on our Internet-based judgments of others to make decisions, such as whom to socialize with, date, or employ. Recently, personality-perception researchers have turned to studying social media and digital devices in order to ask whether a person’s digital traces can reveal aspects of his or her identity. Simultaneously, advances in “big data” analytics have demonstrated that computer algorithms can predict individuals’ traits from their digital traces. In this article, we address three questions: What do we currently know about human- and computer-based personality assessments? How accurate are these assessments? Where are these fields heading? We discuss trends in the current findings, provide an overview of methodological approaches, and recommend directions for future research.