bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Media Analysis of Lia Thomas Surrounding 2022 National Collegiate Athletic Association Championship Win
Authors: Hamdan Jessica L. , Love Adam
Published: September 2024

In March 2022, swimmer Lia Thomas became the first transgender athlete to win a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I individual title. The current study analyzed popular online media coverage of Thomas during the month of the NCAA championships. Conservative-oriented media set the agenda by publishing a disproportionate number of articles about Thomas, frequently framing her performance as (a) illegitimate and (b) enabled by activists who “silence” their opponents. All media outlets often framed Thomas’ performance as (a) unprecedented, (b) a question of fairness as it relates to (1) science and policy and (2) concern for women’s rights, and (c) complex, while nonconservative media more frequently framed her performance as (a) a matter of LGBTQI+ rights and (b) an inspiration.
Beyond publishing primary research papers
Authors: Prasad Vinayaka R.
Published: September 2024

Microbiologists, like scientists in any other biomedical field, are too engrossed in writing research papers. Aided by both expanding research programs and shrinking resources, this will continue for the foreseeable time. In this editorial, I discuss a compelling need for all microbiologists to dedicate some time to writing non-research publications such as minireviews, perspectives, commentary, opinion/hypothesis, and other non-research article types. I also list the benefits to the field, of review articles and how they can have the potential to change the field. I have provided a handful of classic examples of reviews that clearly changed the field in a remarkable way as well as a number of reviews that clarified the field and facilitated future research.
Modular, inducible, and titratable expression systems for
Escherichia coli
and
Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Bacon Emily E. , Tran Jennifer S. , Nadig Nischala , Peters Jason M.
Published: September 2024

Gene expression systems that transcend species barriers are needed for cross-species analysis of gene function. In particular, expression systems that can be utilized in both model and pathogenic bacteria underpin comparative functional approaches that inform conserved and variable features of bacterial physiology. In this study, we develop replicative and integrative vectors alongside a novel, IPTG-inducible promoter that can be used in the model bacterium
Escherichia coli
K-12 as well as strains of the antibiotic-resistant pathogen,
Acinetobacter baumannii
. We generate modular vectors that transfer by conjugation at high efficiency and either replicate or integrate into the genome, depending on design. Embedded in these vectors, we also developed a synthetic, IPTG-inducible promoter, P

abstBR

, that induces to a high level but is less leaky than the commonly used
trc
promoter. We show that P

abstBR

is titratable at both the population and single-cell levels, regardless of species, highlighting the utility of our expression systems for cross-species functional studies. Finally, as a proof of principle, we use our integrating vector to develop a reporter for the
E. coli
envelope stress σ factor, RpoE, and deploy the reporter in
E. coli
and
A. baumannii
, finding that
A. baumannii
does not recognize RpoE-dependent promoters unless RpoE is heterologously expressed. We envision that these vector and promoter tools will be valuable for the community of researchers who study the fundamental biology of
E. coli
and
A. baumannii
.

IMPORTANCE

Acinetobacter baumannii
is a multidrug-resistant, hospital-acquired pathogen with the ability to cause severe infections. Understanding the unique biology of this non-model bacterium may lead to the discovery of new weaknesses that can be targeted to treat antibiotic-resistant infections. In this study, we provide expression tools that can be used to study the gene function in
A. baumannii
, including in drug-resistant clinical isolates. These tools are also compatible with the model bacterium,
Escherichia coli
, enabling cross-species comparisons of gene function. We anticipate that the use of these tools by the scientific community will accelerate our understanding of
Acinetobacter
biology.
Three-dimensional anatomy of a Cretaceous river avulsion
Authors: Speed Cole M. , Sylvester Zoltán , Durkin Paul R. , Flaig Peter P.
Published: September 2024

River avulsions are fundamental mechanisms underlying the construction of fluvial stratigraphy. Although avulsions occur in three dimensions (3-D), interpretations of avulsion deposits in the terrestrial stratigraphic record remain largely based on two-dimensional (2-D) lithologic stacking patterns with little spatial context of the avulsion node location. Moreover, though the genesis of intersecting fluvial ridges observed on Mars is commonly attributed to avulsion, little is known about the history or stratigraphic architecture of these intersections nor the duration of the martian fluvial activity they represent. Here, we analyze a fluvial ridge intersection in the Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation of eastern Utah, USA, that we interpret to reflect the evolution of a river channel avulsion node exposed in 3-D. Through integration of digital outcrop models and field characterization, we document recognition criteria for avulsion nodes and reconstruct pre-, intra-, and post-avulsion channel evolution at the node, identifying evidence of channel-bed aggradation and pre-avulsion superelevation. Using a new 3-D stratigraphic modeling approach, we simulate the avulsion and analyze the resultant synthetic stratigraphy in parallel with outcrop exposures to link avulsion processes to stratigraphic products. Our results promote recognition and process-based interpretation of ancient river avulsion deposits observed in cross section and plan view on Earth and Mars and constrain the period of fluvial activity represented by the intersection to the order of centuries rather than more significant geologic time, as has been hypothesized previously.
Primary adrenal insufficiency with normal male external genitalia in a boy with CYP11A1 deficiency
Authors: Kaivallyam Ramachandran Sibi , Edavana Shaju , Moolath Sahla , Alam Ahmad
Published: September 2024

The first and rate-limiting step of steroid hormone biosynthesis is catalysed by mitochondrial cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1). CYP11A1 deficiency is commonly associated with adrenal insufficiency and, in 46 XY individuals, with variable degrees of differences in sex development (DSD). Here, we present a case report of a preadolescent male who presented to our emergency outpatient department in a state of decompensated shock necessitating ionotropic support. Further evaluation confirmed primary adrenal insufficiency. Subsequent clinical exome sequencing uncovered a compound heterozygous mutation in exons one and five of the CYP11A1 gene. This case highlights the varied presentation of CYP11A1 deficiency, showing that it can present as adrenal insufficiency without DSD.
Patient and public involvement in healthcare: a systematic mapping review of systematic reviews – identification of current research and possible directions for future research
Authors: Bergholtz Jana , Wolf Axel , Crine Vanessa , Cleeve Helena , Santana Maria-Jose , Björkman Ida
Published: September 2024

Objectives

To provide an overview of patient and public involvement (PPI) in the mesolevel and macrolevel of healthcare (different from PPI in research) and identify directions for future research by mapping contexts, terminology, conceptual frameworks, measured outcomes and research gaps.

Design

Mapping review of systematic reviews. A patient coresearcher (JB) was involved in all stages. A broad search strategy was applied to capture the variation in terminology.

Data sources

MEDLINE, CINAHL and PsycINFO were searched from 1 January 2001 to 5 December 2022.

Eligibility criteria

We included systematic reviews of empirical studies focusing on PPI in the mesolevel and macrolevel of healthcare.

Data extraction and synthesis

Three independent reviewers used standardised methods to screen studies and extract data. Thematic categories were created inductively through iteration. The results were organised in narrative, visual or tabular formats.

Results

4419 identified records were screened. 37 systematic reviews were eligible for inclusion. Most studies were narrative syntheses (N=26). Identified context categories were PPI for healthcare quality improvement (22%), patient safety (8%), community-based initiatives (27%), peer support (16 %) and education of healthcare professionals (27%). A wide range of terms was used to discuss PPI, with community participation being the most common. 28 reviews reported on frameworks, conceptual guidance and/or policy documents. Nine different types of outcomes were identified. The research gap pointed out most frequently is the lack of studies of robust designs that allow for replication and long-term follow-up, followed by studies on cost-effectiveness and resources needed. There is a need for consensus on the use of terminology.

Conclusions

This mapping review sheds light on the evolving landscape of PPI in healthcare. To advance the field, future research should prioritise rigorous study designs, cost-effectiveness assessments and consensus-building efforts to create a more unified and impactful approach for PPI in healthcare.
Value of an orthopaedic admission proforma
Authors: Akasha Munzir , Boughton Oliver , Cleary May
Published: September 2024

Background

Admission notes are an important aspect of clinical practice and a vital means of communication among healthcare professionals. Incomplete or poor clinical documentation on admission can lead to delayed surgery.

Patients and methods

A retrospective analysis of 20 consecutive admission notes to our department was compared against the Royal College of Surgeons standards (GSP 2014). A new admission proforma was designed, and after the introductory period, two further retrospective cycles were performed.

Results

In total, 60 admission notes were analysed. Following the introduction of the proforma, there was an overall improvement in the documentation of the quality and quantity of notes studied.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that a well-structured admission protocol can improve the overall quality of admission notes.
Aspiration catheter tip flutter is a reliable indicator of successful clot aspiration in ADAPT
Authors: Li Dan-Dong , Zheng Jing , Pan Ke-Da , Yao Pi-Guang , Wang Meng-Yao , Duan Ren-Hua , Li Wei , Chen Shao-Huai , Yin Bo
Published: September 2024

Background

A direct aspiration first pass technique (ADAPT) has emerged as a fast, safe, and efficacious method for treating acute large vessel occlusion. However, successful clot aspiration is not guaranteed in every ADAPT procedure. We have observed that when the catheter effectively ingested the clot, the catheter tip displayed a distinct fluttering motion, referred to herein as tip flutter. Thus this study aimed to assess whether this catheter tip flutter can be used as a sign of successful clot aspiration.

Methods

This retrospective study included 231 consecutive patients admitted to our institution due to acute ischemic stroke and treated with ADAPT between October 2018 and November 2023. We obtained baseline and procedural data from all patients. Additionally, we assessed the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy of the tip flutter in predicting clot aspiration.

Results

The incidence of embolus translocation was significantly higher in the tip flutter positive group than in the tip flutter negative group (P<0.001). Also, hyperdense artery presentation was more prevalent in the positive group (P<0.001), whereas the clot burden score was higher in the negative group (P=0.002). Clot aspiration in the first pass occurred in 83 (96.5%) and 37 (25.5%) patients in the positive and negative groups, respectively (P<0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed the tip flutter sign (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.16 to 1.29; P<0.001) was an independent predictor of successful clot aspiration. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of the tip flutter for predicting clot aspiration were 69.2%, 97.3%, 96.5 %, 74.5%, and 82.7%, respectively.

Conclusions

In this study, we found that tip flutter was a reliable indicator of successful clot aspiration during ADAPT.
Improved technical outcomes with converting thrombectomy techniques after failed first pass recanalization
Authors: Matsukawa Hidetoshi , Matouk Charles , Uchida Kazutaka , Al Kasab Sami , Sowlat Mohammad-Mahdi , Elawady Sameh Samir , Maier Ilko , Jabbour Pascal , Kim Joon-tae , Wolfe Stacey Q , Rai Ansaar T , Starke Robert M , Psychogios Marios-Nikos , Samaniego Edgar A , Arthur Adam S , Cuellar Hugo , Howard Brain M , Romano Daniele G , Tanweer Omar , Mascitelli Justin R , Fragata Isabel , Polifka Adam , Osbun Joshua W , Crosa Roberto Javier , Park Min S , Levitt Michael R , Brinjikji Waleed , Moss Mark , Williamson Richard , Navia Pedro , Kan Peter , De Leacy Reade Andrew , Chowdhry Shakeel A , Ezzeldin Mohamad , Spiotta Alejandro M , Yoshimura Shinichi , Alawieh Ali M
Published: September 2024

Background

A higher number of recanalization attempts reduces the efficacy of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke secondary to large vessel occlusion (LVO). We assessed the impact of switching EVT techniques after a failed first pass on procedural and clinical outcomes.

Methods

This multicenter international study, conducted between January 2013 and December 2022, included patients undergoing EVT for anterior circulation LVO (internal carotid artery or M1 segments) with failed first pass recanalization. Propensity score matching identified a 1:1 matched cohort of patients in whom EVT technique was changed after a failed first pass and those with the same technique repeated. The primary outcome was successful recanalization at second attempt defined as Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia (TICI) score of 2B or higher. Secondary outcomes were 90-day modified Rankin Score (mRS) and postprocedural hemorrhage.

Results

Among 2167 patients, converting to an alternative technique after a failed first pass was associated with higher odds of successful recanalization (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.5, p=0.041), and higher odds of mRS 0–2 at 90 days (aOR=1.6, p=0.005) without additional risk of symptomatic hemorrhage (p=0.379). Using a propensity score matched cohort of 490 patients, technique conversion at second attempt increased odds of successful recanalization at second attempt (aOR=1.32, p=0.006) and 90-day mRS 0–2 (aOR=1.38, p=0.008).

Conclusions

Early conversion to an alternative EVT technique after a failed first pass recanalization in patients with AIS is associated with better technical success and clinical outcomes.
DOT sign indicates persistent hypoperfusion and poor outcome in patients with incomplete reperfusion following thrombectomy
Authors: Mujanovic Adnan , Windecker Daniel , Serrallach Bettina , Kurmann Christoph C , Rohner Roman , Auer Elias , Cimflova Petra , Meinel Thomas R , Dorn Franziska , Chapot René , Seiffge David , Piechowiak Eike Immo I , Dobrocky Tomas , Gralla Jan , Fischer Urs , Pilgram-Pastor Sara , Kaesmacher Johannes
Published: September 2024

Background

Distal occlusions associated with incomplete reperfusion (expanded Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction, <eTICI 3) may not reperfuse spontaneously and thus prompt ischemia (ie, persistent hypoperfusion). We aimed to assess whether the recently reported Distal Occlusion Tracker (DOT) sign on immediate non-contrast post-interventional flat-panel detector computed tomography (FPDCT) is associated with persistent hypoperfusion.

Methods

Retrospective registry analysis of patients undergoing endovascular therapy between July 2020 and December 2022, with available immediate post-interventional FPDCT and 24 hours follow-up perfusion imaging. Persistent hypoperfusion was defined as a perfusion deficit at 24 hours directly corresponding to the area of incomplete reperfusion on final angiography run. The DOT sign was defined as a punctiform or tubular hyperdense signal increase on FPDCT indicative of a residual occlusion. Association between the DOT sign (present/absent) with the occurrence of persistent hypoperfusion and poor outcome (modified Rankin scale (mRS) score 3–6) was evaluated using logistic regression analysis.

Results

Of 292 patients included (median age 73 years; 47% female), 209 had incomplete reperfusion. Among patients with incomplete reperfusion, 61% had a present DOT sign and 46% had persistent hypoperfusion. In the overall cohort, but also within each eTICI stratum, a present DOT sign was associated with persistent hypoperfusion on 24±12 hours follow-up perfusion imaging (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0 to 12.3 for patients with eTICI 2 a-2c). A present DOT sign was also associated with poor outcome (aOR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 6.2).

Conclusion

Patients with <eTICI 3 and a present DOT sign have a higher likelihood of persistent hypoperfusion and might constitute a subgroup that could particularly benefit from additional reperfusion attempts.
Intraoperative cerebral angiography reveals microsurgically occult sequelae of temporary clip application during elective cerebral aneurysm surgery
Authors: Hendrix Philipp , Hemmer Sina , Chopra Anant , Goren Oded , Weiner Gregory M , Schirmer Clemens M , Oliver Jeffrey D
Published: September 2024

Background

Temporary clipping (TC) is an essential adjunct in cerebral aneurysm (CA) surgery. Despite appearing insignificant to the surgeon under the microscope, TC may cause parent vessel injury. Intraoperative diagnostic cerebral angiography (ioDCA) is crucial for assessing aneurysm occlusion and parent vessel integrity. We aimed to assess sequelae of TC evident on immediate ioDCA.

Methods

Elective CA clippings with ioDCA in a hybrid operating room from January 2020 to June 2023 were reviewed. Microsurgical and angiographic assessments were performed to identify post-TC parent vessel alterations. Outcomes were compared between TC and non-TC-groups.

Results

Collectively, 107 patients underwent 111 craniotomies for clipping of 127 CAs. TC was used in 59/111 cases (53.2%) for treatment of 66/127 CAs (51.9%). CA size and neck were significantly larger in the TC group than in the non-TC group (p<0.001). Parent vessel vasospasm at the site of the previous temporary clip location was evident on 3D rotational angiography in 12/59 (20.3%) TC cases. Clip adjustment rates after ioDCA were similar between groups (TC 13.6% vs non-TC 8.2%, p=0.328). In the TC group compared with the non-TC group, the rates of symptomatic radiographic ischemia and functional decline at discharge were significantly higher (p=0.022 and p=0.045, respectively). However, functional status at follow-up was comparable (p=0.620).

Conclusions

TC during CA surgery can cause significant yet microsurgically occult vasospasm in the parent vessel, potentially contributing to symptomatic ischemia and early functional decline. Intraoperative angiography is crucial for detecting this issue, highlighting both its importance and the risks associated with TC.
Spiritual assessment in palliative care: multicentre study
Authors: Biswas Jheelam , Mroy Wai Wai , Islam Nashid , Afsar Nahid , Kashmeeri Mastura , Banik Palash Chandra
Published: September 2024

Objectives

This study aims to provide an in-depth exploration of everyday spiritual concerns of patients with advanced cancer seeking palliative care in Bangladesh, and assess their spiritual well-being (SWB).

Methods

This study was conducted among 163 patients with advanced cancer from three tertiary care hospitals in Bangladesh. It was divided into two parts: a quantitative segment that assessed the SWB of the participants using the EORTC QLQ SWB32, and a qualitative segment that explored their spiritual history.

Result

Spirituality was commonly interpreted and understood synonymously with religion by all participants, and their sense of life’s meaning centred on their families and friends. The lack of support from religious organisations led to feelings of isolation and disconnection from spiritual communities. Highest scores in SWB were observed in Relationships with God and Someone/Something Greater Scales. The lowest score was observed for Existential fulfilment. Patients expressed a desire for their palliative care team to address their spiritual concerns, regardless of their training in this area.

Conclusion

Spirituality is a deeply personal aspect of the human experience. Understanding and respecting these beliefs can empower palliative care professionals to deliver culturally sensitive care to their patients, irrespective of their level of training.
End-of-life preferences of people with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Mendes M Aurora , Muijsenberg Anouk JL , Houben-Wilke Sarah , Houben Carmen HM , Spruit Martijn A , Marques Alda , Janssen Daisy J A
Published: September 2024

Objectives

To identify end-of-life preferences of people with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to compare characteristics between those who wish to discuss the end-of-life and those who do not.

Methods

An analysis of the baseline data of a randomised controlled trial was performed including people with COPD GOLD stages III–IV or former quadrant D with modified Medical Research Council questionnaire grade ≥2, after hospital discharge following an exacerbation. Participants were interviewed using the End-of-Life Preferences Interview.

Results

A total of 165 individuals (53% men; 68±9 years old; 55% care dependent) were included. Most participants wished to take part in shared decision-making (78%), to be informed about a short life expectancy (82%), to discuss the end-of-life (82%), to have loved ones around at death (87%) and to choose when to die (70%). They also reported accepting opioids (74%). Preferences for who to provide physical care, the place, consciousness and atmosphere at death as well as life-sustaining treatments were heterogeneous. Participants who wanted to discuss the end-of-life had a significantly higher educational level (p=0.030) and worse health status than participants who did not (p=0.007).

Conclusions

End-of-life preferences of people with advanced COPD were heterogeneous, however, most wished to discuss it, especially those with higher educational level and worse health status.

Trial registration number

NTR3940.
A combined Kaup–Newell type integrable hierarchy with four potentials and its bi-Hamiltonian formulation
Authors: Ma Wen-Xiu
Published: September 2024

This paper aims to introduce a Kaup–Newell type matrix eigenvalue problem with four potentials, based on a specific matrix Lie algebra, and construct its associated Liouville integrable Hamiltonian hierarchy, through the zero curvature formulation. The Liouville integrability of the resulting hierarchy is shown by determining its recursion operator and bi-Hamiltonian formulation. An illustrative example of combined derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equations with two arbitrary constants is explicitly presented.
Study on pedestrian evacuation model based on reinforcement learning
Authors: Rui Zhu , Jun Hu , Ling Fan , Qi Zhang , Juan Wei
Published: September 2024

This paper proposed a pedestrian evacuation model combined with reinforcement learning in order to study how to better guide pedestrians to complete evacuation in specific indoor scenes. This model introduced the way of establishing a scene in cellular automata and formulated reward rules according to the characteristics of the scene. It fitted the psychological activities of pedestrians in the actual evacuation process and trained the strategy of pedestrians at the overall level through the Q-learning algorithm from the reinforcement learning area. A speed control mechanism combined with real statistical data was introduced to simulate the speed attenuation. A simulation platform was built to compare the evacuation conditions under different scenarios and the different total numbers of pedestrians. The research showed that the model could automatically realize the exit selection function of pedestrians and part of conformity behavior. In the same evacuation scenario, this model could show adaptability for the different total numbers of pedestrians.
Modeling the delay propagation dynamics in high-speed railway networks with a traffic-driven SIS epidemic model
Authors: Sheng Kai , Feng Shuangyin , Pu Cunlai , Ding Shuxin
Published: September 2024

The propagation of delays is a prevalent issue in high-speed railway (HSR) networks. However, the underlying properties of delay propagation have not been fully explored, hindering the effective management of this problem. In this paper, considering the impact of traffic flow, we model the delay propagation as a traffic-driven susceptible–infected–susceptible (SIS) epidemic spreading process. We introduce a traffic frequency matrix to estimate the traffic rate and further derive the propagation dynamic equations using a continuous-time Markov chain method. We then derive the epidemic threshold of the model, which is proportional to the recovery rate and inversely proportional to the average path length. Finally, through simulation, we study the impacts of various factors including the infection rate, recovery rate, and the degree and number of initial delay stations. Our work provides some insights for the prediction and control of delay propagation in HSR networks.
MARKET-INCENTIVIZED ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION, INDUSTRIAL AGGLOMERATION AND THE EFFECTS ON CARBON SHADOW PRICE: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA’s LOCAL PILOT POLICIES FOR CARBON MARKET CONSTRUCTION
Authors: GAO JIAZHAN , HUA GUIHONG , HUO BAOFENG , RANDHAWA ABIDALI
Published: September 2024

This study evaluates the effectiveness of market-driven environmental policies in fostering sustainable, low-carbon development through the lens of China’s pilot carbon market policies, launched in 2013. Utilizing data from 283 prefecture-level cities from 2007 to 2019, we apply a difference-in-differences methodology to explore the Convergence of Carbon Shadow Price (CSP) and to assess potential spatial spillover effects. Our findings robustly demonstrate that the pilot carbon market policies significantly foster the CSP across pilot cities. This convergence is particularly pronounced in eastern regions and major cities, facilitated by advanced technological integration. Furthermore, our results reveal adverse spatial spillovers, as nearby non-pilot areas suffer competitive disadvantages, akin to the beggar-thy-neighbor effect. The study also illustrates that industrial agglomeration affects CSP in a U-shaped manner, but synergistic agglomerations of manufacturing and service sectors enhance regulatory impacts significantly.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND FIRM PERFORMANCE
Authors: AKHTAR TAHIR , AFRIDI MUHAMMAD ASIM , ISLAM MD. SAIFUL
Published: September 2024

This study examines the impact of blockchain technology (BCT) and corporate governance practices on firm performance. Using GMM on a sample of 2,844 firms, the results show that BCT improves firm performance. The results show an average difference in corporate governance and financial variables between BCT firms and firms from other sectors. In the presence of BCT, independent and female directors, and Top10-Shareholdings no longer positively affect firm performance, while the impact of board size and Largest-Shareholdings become positive. Chief executive officer (CEO)-Duality negatively, while Institutional-Shareholdings positively affect the firm’s performance, either individually or in the presence of BCT. Managerial-Shareholdings showed mixed results. A sub-sample analysis reveals that the role of board size and CEO-Duality becomes ineffective in BCT firms. This study reveals that the monitoring function of corporate governance practices in optimizing agency costs and maximizing firm performance is different in the firms using BCT. Our results hold up to economic parameters such as difference-in-differences and propensity score matching.
Improving Multi-Aspect QoE for Large-Scale O2O Order Allocation and Distribution Problem Using Social Behavior Whale Optimization
Authors: Zhang Hongguang , You Mingcan , Zhao Zixin , Li Jiani
Published: September 2024

With e-commerce rapidly developing, the Online To Offline (O2O) business model requests high efficiency for order allocation and last-mile delivery. Focusing on the challenges associated with online, same-day, and large-scale order allocation and distribution, we formulate an online dynamic vehicle routing problem with pickup and delivery (ODVRPPD), considering the uncertainty of dynamic orders and sustainability of online reassignments to improve the Quality of Experience (QoE). A novel social behavior whale optimization algorithm (SBWOA) with state machine formulation is proposed to solve this problem and express the order closed-loop fulfillment procedure. Inspired by the social behaviors and sonar communication of whale swarms, we propose SBWOA with a double-zone coding (DZC) scheme and affinity propagation clustering (AP clustering). DZC could make real-coding optimization algorithms be used in integer-coding VRPPDs. SBWOA uses AP clustering for the pickup and delivery locations to minimize delivery distance without specifying the initial clustering center and the number of clusters. Additionally, we use the real order data from Alibaba Cloud to construct 11 test problems (including a multi-day test problem with 12925 tasks and 990 vehicles). SBWOA outperforms four compared algorithms. Moreover, the extensive experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and adaptability of our model and SBWOA.
Recent results from the DANSS experiment
Authors: Danilov Mikhail
Published: September 2024

Recent results from the DANSS experiment on the searches for sterile neutrinos are presented. They are based on approximately 5.5 million inverse beta decay events collected at 10.9, 11.9 and 12.9[Formula: see text]m from the reactor core of the 3.1 GW Kalinin Nuclear Power Plant in Russia. We do not see any statistically significant sign for the [Formula: see text] oscillations. The exclusion area in the sterile neutrino oscillation parameters [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] goes up to [Formula: see text] in the most sensitive region in the reactor model independent study. A comparison of the absolute neutrino event rate and reactor models predictions allowed to exclude practically the whole sterile neutrino parameter space preferred by the BEST experiment as well as the best fit point of the Neutrino-4 experiment. Studies of the positron energy spectrum in the antineutrino inverse beta decay reaction and its dependence on the fuel composition are also presented. The ratio of the cross sections for [Formula: see text]U and [Formula: see text]Pu was measured. Reactor power was measured remotely using antineutrinos with [Formula: see text] accuracy in 3 days during 6.5 years.
α-particle clusterization: A reflection of shell closures
Authors: Bharmoria Shubham , Ramit Ramit , Sharma Mridula , Kaur Sukhnandan , Singh Anupinder , Kaur Harjeet
Published: September 2024

We employ a theoretical framework motivated by a microscopic phenomenological approach involving Skyrme force model to account for the interaction of [Formula: see text]-particle with the nucleons of [Formula: see text]-radioactive nucleus. The realistic calculations for [Formula: see text]-particle preformation probabilities ([Formula: see text]) of even–even nuclei whose atomic numbers lie in the range [Formula: see text] are performed. Through the calculations of assault frequency possessed by [Formula: see text]-particle, shell effects are naturally incorporated in this methodology. The obtained results are then subjected to fitting procedures, resulting in a comprehensive fit within [Formula: see text]-scheme. These fitted [Formula: see text]-particle preformation probabilities are utilized to predict the half-lives of unknown superheavy nuclei (SHN). This work not only refines our understanding about radioactive properties of these nuclei but also provides valuable insights into their stability against [Formula: see text]-decay and spontaneous fission (SF). Twelve [Formula: see text]-decay chains originating from unknown SHN have been identified in this work. The outcomes of this research would contribute to the advancement of predictive models to study the fundamental properties of SHN, offering an experimental verification as well.
R-mode instability of neutron stars: LOCV approach
Authors: Shahbazi M. , Bigdeli M. , Moshfegh H. R. , Zamani M.
Published: September 2024

In this work, we study the r-mode instability of neutron stars and present critical angular velocity [Formula: see text] associated with bulk and shear viscosity for rotational stellar models. For this aim, we employ the lowest order constrained variational method and utilize realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions to determine the equation of state of neutron stars. We work within the framework of the slow rotation approximation and use various equations of state to calculate the angular velocity, fiducial gravitational radiation timescale and the rates of frequency change for both the maximum mass configuration and 1.4[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] stars. Additionally, we compute the equation of state of magnetized neutron matter and investigate the effects of strong magnetic field on the r-mode instability window. In addition, we examine the influence of neuron star crust on a star’s angular velocity.
PARASIAN OVER PARISIAN, HOW MUCH EARLIER SHOULD ONE EXERCISE?
Authors: AI LIN , ZHU SONG-PING
Published: September 2024

In this paper, an integral equation approach used for pricing American-style Parisian options is extended to pricing Parasian options, after overcoming an additional difficulty of losing the “reset” feature of the latter in addition to still dealing with the high nonlinearity associated with American-style exercises. More specifically, compared with an American Parisian option, the accumulative feature of the “tracking clock” time results in a pair of coupled three-dimensional (3D) Partial Differential Equation (PDE) systems instead of coupled two-dimensional (2D) and 3D PDE systems. Upon successfully establishing the couple integral equation systems, we have successfully computed the option price and the optimal exercise price and compared the results with those of its Parisian counterpart. Through the comparison, we can directly observe how the accumulativeness of the “tracking clock” time affects the option and the optimal exercise prices and provide some meaningful financial explanations.
Information Asymmetric Cooperative Public Choice Games
Authors: Chen Jeanpantz
Published: September 2024

This paper introduces information asymmetry, cooperation and payoff compensation mechanism into public choice games, and establishes an analytical frame for information asymmetric cooperative public choice games. This paper examines the coalition formation and the distribution of the cooperative payoff under the equilibrium public choice (if it does exist) in an information asymmetric public choice game under unanimity rule and those in an information asymmetric public choice game under majority rule, respectively. Arrow [1951] and Sen [1970] assumed that there is no cooperation and payoff compensation mechanism in a public choice game, and showed that rational individuals with individual sovereignty could not reach consensus on any public choice. This paper shows that, even in a public choice game of information asymmetry, the cooperation and payoff compensation mechanism may lead to the coalition equilibrium, the achievement of equilibrium public choice, and the distribution equilibrium of cooperative payoff of the coalition which supports the equilibrium public choice, whether the public choice games are under unanimity rule or under majority rule.
Management of Carbon Emissions via a Nonzero-Sum Stochastic Differential Game
Authors: Perera Ryle S. , Sato Kimitoshi
Published: September 2024

This study examines an environmental management strategy to effectively cap greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in an electricity market. To do so, we model a stochastic impulse two-person, nonzero-sum game between a power plant, a representative of electricity production within a country whose primary aim is to maximize profits, and government who is motivated to minimize the social and environmental cost of pollution. We assume that the power plant’s competitive price is equal to the marginal cost whilst the government’s running cost is linear. When the uncontrolled output of GHG emissions evolves as a Geometric Brownian motion, we provide a more dynamic and robust depiction of the interplay between government and the energy sector. We provide solutions to the impulse control problem derived via the quasi-variational inequalities (QVIs). We then present a sufficiency criterion for the existence of a Nash equilibrium for the optimal policy. Ultimately, our use of short-run price competition characterized by strategic supplies for renewable and fossil resources and inclusion of endogenous constraints on production capacity provides a more robust model and an effective framework for the development of policy that allows governments to meet emissions targets whilst guaranteeing energy supply.
Stability, uniqueness and existence of solutions to McKean–Vlasov SDEs: a multidimensional Yamada–Watanabe approach
Authors: Kalinin Alexander , Meyer-Brandis Thilo , Proske Frank
Published: September 2024

We establish stability and pathwise uniqueness of solutions to Wiener noise driven McKean–Vlasov equations with random non-Lipschitz continuous coefficients. In the deterministic case, we also obtain the existence of unique strong solutions. By using our approach, which is based on an extension of the Yamada–Watanabe ansatz to the multidimensional setting and which does not rely on the construction of Lyapunov functions, we prove first moment and pathwise exponential stability. Furthermore, Lyapunov exponents are computed explicitly.
The monoid of all partial transformations with restricted range
Authors: Hu Huabi , Zhao Ping
Published: September 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a nonempty set and let [Formula: see text] be the monoid of all partial transformations of [Formula: see text]. Given a nonempty subset [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], we denote by [Formula: see text] the subsemigroup of [Formula: see text] of all partial transformations with range contained in [Formula: see text]. In 2014, Fernandes and Sanwong [On the ranks of semigroups of transformations on a finite set with restricted range, Algebra Colloquium. 21(3) (2014) 497–510] proved that the semigroup [Formula: see text] is the largest regular subsemigroup of [Formula: see text] and showed that this subsemigroup determines Green’s relations on [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we classify completely the maximal subsemigroups of [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we prove that the rank of [Formula: see text] is equal to [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
The influence of non-perfect code subgroups on the structure of groups
Authors: Khaefi Yasamin , Akhlaghi Zeinab , Khosravi Behrooz
Published: September 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a graph. A subset [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is called a perfect code of [Formula: see text], when [Formula: see text] is an independent set and every vertex of [Formula: see text] is adjacent to exactly one vertex in [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] = Cay(G, S) be a Cayley graph of a finite group [Formula: see text]. A subset [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is called a perfect code of [Formula: see text], when there exists a Cayley graph [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is a perfect code of [Formula: see text]. Recently, groups whose set of all subgroup perfect codes forms a chain are classified. Also, groups with no proper nontrivial subgroup perfect code are characterized. In this paper, we generalize it and classify groups whose set of all non-perfect code subgroups forms a chain.
Magic of discrete Lattice Gauge theories
Authors: Esposito Gianluca , Cepollaro Simone , Cappiello Luigi , Hamma Alioscia
Published: September 2024

Simulation of quantum field theories and fundamental interactions is one of the most challenging tasks in modern particle physics. Classical computers generally fail to reproduce accurate results when it comes to strongly coupled theories such as QCD. Recent developments in quantum technologies open up the possibility of simulating such physical regimes by using quantum computers. In this paper, we study the quantum resource related to the simulability of a quantum theory, i.e. non-stabilizerness for Lattice Gauge Theory (LGT) with discrete symmetry gauge groups. We show that enforcing gauge constraints for [Formula: see text] LGTs has no cost in terms of this resource and discuss the relation between non-abelianity of the gauge group with the average non-stabilizerness of the gauge invariant Hilbert space.
About the (in)equivalence between holonomic versus non-holonomic theories of gravity
Authors: Sadovski Guilherme
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we investigate the scenarios in which a holonomic versus a non-holonomic frame description of gravity theories are equivalent. It turns out that classically, the equivalence holds in a way that is independent of the particular dynamics and/or spacetime dimension. This includes general metric-affine dynamics. A global bundle-theoretical investigation is carried out, uncovering the equivalence principle as the culprit. The equivalence holds as long as the equivalence principle holds. This is not something to be expected when non-invertible configurations of the vielbein field are taken into account. In such cases, the gauge-theoretical description of gravity “unsolders” from spacetime, and one has to decide if gravity is spacetime geometry or an internal gauge theory.
Dynamical analysis of a fractional SVEIHRP mathematical model for COVID-19 transmission in the perspective of Bangladesh
Authors: Asaduzzaman Md. , Khairul Islam Md. , Bulut Hasan , Das Kalyan
Published: September 2024

In this study, we establish a sophisticated compartmental Caputo fractional-order Susceptible-Vaccinated-Exposed-Infected-Hospitalized-Recovered Pathogens mathematical model for analyzing the dynamical behavior of COVID-19 transmission in the perspective of COVID-19 pandemic situation of Bangladesh considering the data up to 2nd dose vaccination. The frame of Caputo fractional-order derivative has been used to fractionalize the model’s equations. A total of 10 distinct compartments have been used to represent the dynamics of human and novel coronavirus. The Next-generation matrix approach has been used for finding the basic reproduction number of considered model. For establishing the existence and uniqueness of the model’s solutions, here we apply Banach fixed point theorem. Routh–Hurwitz, Ulam–Hyers and generalized Ulam–Hyers stability criteria have been applied for stability analysis. We execute a sensitivity analysis to check the comparative prominence of the model’s parameters. For the numerical simulation, data have been accumulated from the COVID-19 dashboard of Directorate general of health services of Bangladesh. The Fractional Adams–Bashforth–Moulton method along with MATLAB code fde12.m has also been applied to perform the numerical simulation. Furthermore, here we use some Maple codes for finding the model’s equilibrium points, basic reproduction number and sensitivity indices. Finally, we include a discussion on the influence of new rate of infections through environment and interaction with infected persons as well as the effect of 1st and 2nd dose vaccinations.
Analysis of mathematical models describing the immune response of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Cao Hui , Wu Di
Published: September 2024

This paper studies the dynamic behavior of a class of microkinetic models of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). This model can help us understand how the numbers of bacteria and immune cells change during infection, including initial recruitment and subsequent proliferation. The basic reproduction number and the threshold theory of the model are obtained through calculation and analysis, and there exists sterile equilibrium and bacterial equilibrium, and they are globally stable under different conditions. In addition, sensitivity analyses help to determine which parameters have the most important impact on Mtb invasion of the host. Numerical simulations can reflect the different stages of infection associated with the clearance, survival, or growth and multiplication of Mtb, where the effectiveness of the immune system determines whether the infection can be controlled, kept in a latent state, or allowed to progress to active tuberculosis with visible symptoms.
Bifurcation analysis of a predator–prey model incorporating nonlinear harvesting and group defense
Authors: Singh Manoj Kumar , Sharma Arushi
Published: September 2024

This piece of work circles around the investigation of a predator–prey model that incorporates nonlinear harvesting and group defense, both of which are important phenomena occurring in the ecosystem. To analyze the proposed model, both analytical and numerical methods are employed. The model experiences a series of bifurcations, including saddle-node, Hopf and Bogdanov–Takens. The system exhibits bifurcations of codimension one and two but no bifurcation of codimension three emerged. Phase portrait diagrams are also presented to confirm the validity of both the analytical and numerical findings.
Analyzing and forecasting dengue fever incidence in Thailand: A comprehensive study for public health preparedness
Authors: Jose Sayooj Aby , Mathew Karuna , Hamna Mariyam K. B. , Jirawattanapanit Anuwat , Weraprasertsakun Anurak
Published: September 2024

Thailand is currently grappling with a severe dengue fever outbreak, with a rising threat to public health as the rainy season and El Niño draw near. This year has witnessed a troubling surge in dengue cases, prompting the Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) to issue warnings that the numbers may hit a three-year peak. Dengue outbreaks in Thailand have historically followed a cyclical pattern, excluding COVID-19 years. This research employs data analysis and predictive modeling to forecast the forthcoming dengue case numbers in Thailand, facilitating better public health preparedness. It also incorporates data visualization for enhanced data exploration. Various forecasting models, including Exponential Smoothing, Polynomial Fitting and Random Forest, are deployed to predict dengue cases within the constraints of our data. This study offers valuable insights into the potential trajectory of dengue cases in Thailand, aiding proactive measures to combat the outbreak.
Transfer and the spectrum-level Siegel–Sullivan KO-orientation for singular spaces
Authors: Banagl Markus
Published: September 2024

Integrally oriented normally nonsingular maps between singular spaces have associated transfer homomorphisms on KO-homology at odd primes. We prove that such transfers preserve Siegel–Sullivan orientations, defined when the singular spaces are compact pseudomanifolds satisfying the Witt condition, for example pure-dimensional compact complex algebraic varieties. This holds for bundle transfers associated to block bundles with manifold fibers as well as for Gysin restrictions associated to normally nonsingular inclusions. Our method is based on constructing a lift of the Siegel–Sullivan orientation to a morphism of highly structured ring spectra which factors through L-theory.