bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Method Iqra ' for Increase Ability to Read the Qur'an on Students at School
Authors: Lestarirtini Ai Netty , Lestari Dwi Puji
Published: September 2023

school. The research method uses a qualitative research approach in order to obtain broad and in-depth information regarding the ability to read the Koran through the Iqro method. The research location in this study was at SMP Muhammadiyah 27 involving 37 children. In collecting data used the method of observation, documentation, and interviews. In conducting data analysis, the researcher uses qualitative descriptive research with the application of inductive data analysis, namely data analysis that departs from specific problems and then draws general conclusions. Data validity through observation persistence, reference adequacy and data triangulation. Based on the results of the research, it shows that the iqro` method can be used to improve the ability to read the Qur'an seen from the method of application, use of the method, encouraging active children and giving gifts so that children feel happy learning to read the Al-Qur'an.
Comparing the President's Authority in Forming Laws in Indonesia, the United States and Turkey
Authors: Landrawan I Wayan , Adnyani Ni Ketut Sari
Published: September 2023

Each country is unique in running its government system. One of these uniqueness is related to the executive authority in forming laws, where even though these two countries both use a presidential system of government, there are differences in authority. This difference can be seen in Indonesia and the United States and Turkey, where even though these two countries both use a presidential system of government, there are differences in executive authority. To understand the legal ratio there are differences, even though the 3 (three) countries both use a presidential system of government, this research was conducted. The formulation of the problems in this study are 1) Characteristics of a presidential government system and 2) The authority of the President as an executive in making laws in presidential systems in Indonesia, the United States and Turkey. This research is a legalresearch with statutory approach, conceptual approach, and comparative approach. The results of the study show that in the Indonesian constitutional structure which is a Joint Function, the holder of the legislative function is the DPR which is carried out jointly with the President to then obtain joint approval. While the formation of laws and regulations in the United States is the House of Representatives and the Senate which are held by two chambers that have roles and functions of legislation that are balanced and equal to one another. If in Indonesia it is the executive who proposes to revise the law, in Turkey it is the majority party in parliament that proposes to revise the law. The presidential system in Turkey in terms of the relationship between the executive and the legislature is proactive.
Comparative Study of Teaching Effectiveness & Performance of Trained and Untrained Teachers at School Level Working in Private and Government Sector in District Kabul –Afghanistan
Authors: Ansari Nadera Faqir , Hilal Shekiba , Bahrami Mohmmad Bashir
Published: September 2023

The study compared the professional skills of trained and untrained teachers towards effective teaching in private &Gov. sector schools in District Kabul. The convenient sampling technique was employed in this descriptive cross-sectional study. A total of 9 private schools and 9 government schools were selected from Kabul, from each school 5 trained and 5 untrained teachers were selected for the study to whom the research instrument was administered. The sample consisted of a total of 180 school teachers. Five-point liker scale questionnaire was developed, including four important factors regarding teaching effectiveness, i.e., preparing lesson plan, introduction of instructional material, task orientation and ideas and contribution of students. The study found that for these above-mentioned factors, there was found in some way the differences between the effectiveness of trained and untrained.
Gases de efecto invernadero:
Authors: Mariño Martínez Jorge Eliécer , Chanci Bedoya Rubén Darío
Published: September 2023

Colombia en el cumplimiento de los compromisos en el marco del Acuerdo de
París (2015), se comprometió a reducir en un 20 % las emisiones de gases
efecto invernadero proyectadas a 2030. Parte de ese compromiso es reportar
periódicamente sus emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) en cada uno
de los módulos que contempla el Panel intergubernamental de Cambio Climático (PICC). Estos son: Energía, Residuos, Procesos Industriales y Agricultura, y
uso de la tierra. Las emisiones de GEI procedentes de la minería del carbón
hacen parte del módulo de energía. Es por esto que se presenta esta propuesta
de cálculo del factor de emisiones de gas metano procedente de la extracción
del carbón. La propuesta compara las emisiones a partir de tablas internacionales (Nivel 1) con las emisiones a partir de los estudios de exploración de gas
asociado al carbón (CBM) utilizando equipos de desorción cánisters (equivalente a Nivel 2 del PICC).
Se espera que esta investigación contribuya a precisar mejor las emisiones
asociadas a la minería del carbón como uno de los componentes de las emisiones del sector de energía. Las emisiones causantes del ascenso de la temperatura
(cambio climático) es uno de los malestares del planeta, adicional a la acidificación del océano, la deforestación y el clima extremo, etc. Esos malestares están
cambiando nuestro mundo y necesitamos entenderlos porque se trata de nuestro
hogar y los cambios se están dando tan rápido que nos podrían tomar por
sorpresa
Levels of Social Psychological and Socio-Cultural Resilience of Women in Cities Bukittinggi Through Gender Responsive Family Schools
Authors: Rahmi Alfi Rahmi , Mudjiran  , Yeni Karneli  , Netrawati
Published: September 2023

This study aims to reveal the level of social psychological and socio-cultural resilience of women in the city of Bukittinggi. The vulnerability of families experiencing family resilience problems, so the City Government of Bukittinggi established a Family School. Through the Family School, materials and training are provided for women who have families to maintain the resilience of their families. This type of research is descriptive and quantitative with a total sample of 86 people who have attended the Family School. Data was collected using a Family Resilience questionnaire that had been formulated by the Ministry of Women and Children's Empowerment (KPPA). The results showed that the Dimensions of Psychological Social Resilience with the following categories were Not Resistant 12 people, Sufficiently Resistant 73 people, and Resistant only 1 person. For the Socio-Cultural Dimension, 27 people are Not Resistant, 53 people are Sufficient, and 6 people are Resistant. In general, the level of family resilience in women who have attended Family Schools is Sufficient Level of Having Family Resilience
Hydrogen as a fuel for spark ignition combustion engines – state of knowledge and concept
Authors: Matla Jędrzej , Kaźmierczak Andrzej , Haller Piotr , Trocki Marcin
Published: September 2023

Accelerating process of the transport and energy sectors increases the interest in fuels derived from renewable sources. The predicted three-fold increase in hydrogen production by 2050, driven by its falling production costs, justifies the direction of research aimed at its popularisation as a fuel for internal combustion engines (H2ICE). Presented article provides an overview of the state of knowledge on hydrogen combustion systems, which are currently the most attractive development path, mainly due to the well-developed production technology and relatively low recycling cost compared with fuel cells. The paper contains a comprehensive analysis of currently available solutions covering issues related to the production, storage, and transmission of hydrogen, with particular emphasis on the Polish market, which is one of the largest in Europe in terms of its production. The authors also propose their own concept of a hydrogen combustion system for application in an internal combustion engine. The presented solution is based on the idea of prechamber introduction in order to improve combustion process parameters and hence overall engine efficiency.
Pemenuhan Kewajiban Kontrak Waralaba terkait Pembayaran Royalti dari Penerima Waralaba Kepada Pemberi Waralaba di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Daru Mubarok Okky
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis research was conducted to determine the legal arrangements regarding foreigners living in Indonesia, especially foreign workers and children with dual citizenship. This research uses a normative juridical method with qualitative descriptive approach. For data collection needs, researchers collected primary data and secondary data. The primary data in this study are related to laws and regulations. To support this research, researchers collected secondary data with case studies at the Immigration Office Class I Non-TPI Tangerang. Secondary data was obtained by observation techniques and in analyzing the data, researchers used data reduction, data display, and concluding. The results of this research indicate that children with dual citizenship has two options, namely making an Indonesian passport, or get Affidavits to children who have foreign passports. Meanwhile, laws and regulations have provided legal provisions for foreign workers to stay in Indonesia.Keywords: Dual Nationality; Foreign workers; Stay Permit.
AbstrakPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaturan hukum mengenai orang asing yang tinggal di Indonesia, khususnya tenaga kerja asing dan anak berkewarganegaraan ganda. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Untuk kebutuhan pengumpulan data, peneliti melakukan pengumpulan data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer dalam penelitian ini yaitu peraturan perundang-undangan yang berkaitan. Untuk mendukung penelitian ini, peneliti mengumpulkan data sekunder yakni studi kasus di Kantor Imigrasi Kelas I Non-TPI Tangerang. Data sekunder diperoleh dengan teknik observasi dan dalam menganalisis data digunakan reduksi data, display data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peraturan perundang-undangan telah memberikan ketentuan hukum bagi Tenaga Kerja Asing untuk tinggal di Indonesia yaitu dengan adanya izin tinggal. Sedangkan untuk anak berkewarganegaraan ganda, Indonesia menyediakan dua opsi, yaitu pembuatan paspor Indonesia, atau pemberian Affidavit bagi anak yang memiliki paspor asing.Kata Kunci: Anak Berkewarganegaraan Ganda; Tenaga Kerja Asing; Izin Tinggal.
Kewenangan Penuntut Umum dan Penyidik Pegawai Negeri Sipil Kehutanan Melakukan Penyidikan Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana
Authors: Gunawan
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn dealing with criminal acts of forest destruction at the stage of investigation carried out by Forestry Civil Service Investigators (PPNS) based on Article 29 of Law Number 18 of 2013 concerning Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction jo. Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation. However, the authority of the Forestry PPNS does not apply absolutely because the Public Prosecutor is also authorized to carry out investigations on forest destruction cases in accordance with Article 39 letter b of Law Number 18 of 2013 concerning Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction jo. Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation. This is done as a new innovation to speed up the investigation of forest destruction cases. The type of research used by the author is Doctrinal Research with a Legislative Approach and a Conceptual Approach.Keywords: Authority of Investigation; Forest Destruction; Public Prosecutor; Forestry PPNS.
AbstrakDalam menangani tindak pidana perusakan hutan pada tahap penyidikan dilakukan oleh Penyidik Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PPNS) Kehutanan yang didasarkan pada Pasal 29 Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2013 tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Perusakan Hutan jo. Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja. Namun, kewenangan PPNS Kehutanan tidak berlaku secara mutlak karena Penuntut Umum juga berwenang melakukan penyidikan pada perkara perusakan hutan sesuai dengan Pasal 39 huruf b Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2013 tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Perusakan Hutan jo. Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja. Hal tersebut dilakukan sebagai inovasi baru untuk mempercepat penyidikan perkara perusakan hutan. Tipe Penelitian yang digunakan oleh penulis yaitu Doctrinal Research dengan Pendekatan Perundang-undangan dan Pendekatan Konseptual. Hasil penelitian ini telah menunjukan bahwa telah terjadi tumpang tindih kewenangan dan kekaburan norma antar institusi penegak hukum mengenai kewenangan Penuntut Umum dan PPNS Kehutanan.Kata Kunci: Kewenangan Penyidikan; Perusakan Hutan; Penuntut Umum; PPNS Kehutanan
ANÁLISE EPIDEMIOLÓGICA DE CASOS DE DOENÇA INFLAMATÓRIA INTESTINAL POR INTERNAÇÃO NO PERÍODO DE 2018 A 2022
Authors: Diniz Oliveira Monalisa , Ribeiro Marques Neto Pedro , Rocha Leão Ludimila , Alzira Fagundes Pereira de Oliveira Ribeiro Marques Andressa , Bassani Mendes Marília , Macedo Guedes Anna Clara
Published: September 2023

Doença inflamatória intestinal trata-se de uma inflamação crônica que acomete o trato digestório, majoritariamente as partes do intestino grosso e delgado, sendo a Doença de Crohn (DC) e Colite Ulcerativa (CU) as principais patologias. Os sinais e sintomas apresentados, dão a entender a gravidade das patologias, apresentam desde manifestações intestinais até extraintestinais, como dores abdominais, diarreias recorrentes, podendo haver evolução hemorrágica, astenia, emagrecimento, febre, anemia e déficit nutricional. Objetivos: Analisar a prevalência de doença inflamatória intestinal por internação no estado do Tocantins no período de 2018 a 2022. Metodologia: Este estudo foi realizado de forma qualitativa e descritiva por meio da coleta de dados presentes no Sistema de Internação Hospitalar, referentes ao período entre 2018 até 2022. Resultados: A faixa etária mais acometida foi a de adultos com 49,57% dos casos totais; o sexo mais atingido foi o de mulheres com 50,42%. A Ilha do Bananal foi a Região de Saúde com maior Taxa de Mortalidade (9,09). Conclusão: Pode-se concluir que a doença inflamatória intestinal está associada a fatores não muito bem esclarecidos, mas que possuem evidências de interações bacterianas no intestino desencadeando uma reação imunológica inadequada em indivíduos com pré-disposição genética. Além disso, afetam mais o sexo feminino e pessoas de todas as idades, porém sua maior prevalência entre 20 e 59 anos.
PSEUDOCISTO PANCREÁTICO
Authors: Gonçalves Batista Teixeira Bruno Gabriel , Valadares de Oliveira Letícia , Gonzalez Cuellar Pedro Manuel
Published: September 2023

Introdução: Pseudocistos pancreáticos são complicações secundárias à pancreatite aguda e caracterizam-se como lesões císticas onde ocorre acúmulo de secreção pancreática limitada por tecido fibroso. Na maioria dos casos, eles regridem espontaneamente, mas coleções sintomáticas ou que não regrediram devem ser tratadas cirurgicamente. Desenvolvimento: Nesse relato de caso, uma paciente de 28 anos apresentou pancreatite aguda que foi tratada clinicamente, mas evoluiu com dor abdominal e presença de massa palpável em hipocôndrio esquerdo, que ao exame de tomografia computadorizada foi evidenciado coleção líquida em topografia pancreática, que foi tratado cirurgicamente. Considerações finais: O pseudocisto pancreático é uma complicação, pouco frequente, da pancreatite aguda, na forma necro-hemorrágica. o quadro costuma ser autolimitado, mas, em alguns casos, quando apresenta sintomatologia, faz-se necessária abordagem cirúrgica para tratamento e conhecimento fisiopatológico por parte do cirurgião assistente. O relato apresentou um caso com efetivo tratamento, tendo como desfecho plena resolução do quadro clínico.
Sustainable sharia company ecosystem: Independent commissioner and audit committee on Islamic social reporting
Authors: Wahyudi Tri , Sabrina Nur , Pratiwi Camka Ayu , Pohan Erlina Sari
Published: September 2023

Purpose – Disclosure of information is crucial for company values and minimizing conflicts resulting from knowledge asymmetry, especially in social aspects. Stakeholders require information reporting that is transparent, accountable, responsible, and exhaustive. In this study, the independent variables are independent commissioners and audit committees, and the dependent variable is Islamic social reporting. The size of the company served as the control variable for this study.Methodology – The population in this study used sharia companies registered in the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) for the period 2016-2022. This study used the purposive sampling method and selected 13 companies from a total of 30 companies with data collection twice a year. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression with SPSSv22 software.Findings – The results of this study show that independent commissioners and audit committees do not affect Islamic social reporting.Implications – This study aims to determine the influence of independent commissioners and audit committees on Islamic social reporting.Originality – This study has originality in the form of Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) proxy variables, which combines the ISR disclosure index designed by Haniffa and Cooke (2002) and Othman and Thani (2010). There are 48 ISR disclosure items divided into six themes. In addition, in this study, there is a control variable, namely the size of the company used to improve the accuracy of the research
The efficiency of 20 years of Indonesian zakat institution: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach
Authors: Aftuqa Sholikatur Rohmania  , Sholihah Erlinda
Published: September 2023

Purpose – This study aims to analyze the efficiency of BAZNAS performance for 20 years, during 2002-2021.Methodology – This research uses a quantitative approach with the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. The secondary data source is an annual report from the official National Amil Zakat Agency (Badan Amil Zakat Nasional, BAZNAS) website from 2002-2021. The analysis technique is assisted by maxDEA software.Findings – The results showed BAZNAS gained an average efficiency of over the period 2002 - 2021 worth 90.86%, meaning that over the 20 years, BAZNAS operated showed a level of inefficiency. Further analysis, during 2018-2021, BAZNAS has shown its productivity in improving performance efficiency by achieving an optimal efficiency level worth 100%. That implies BAZNAS needs to improve its management performance by considering the suitability of inputs and outputs.Implications – This research contributes to improving knowledge about BAZNAS performance efficiency. This research also provides insights for policymakers as an evaluation and decision-making in improving the performance of zakat institutions, especially BAZNAS.Originality – This research saw the efficiency of BAZNAS’ performance for 20 years or from its operation until now. It can show the level of public trust in BAZNAS in the management of zakat, infaq, and sadaqah (ZIS) in Indonesia.
Inclusive STEM Teaching from a Language Perspective: Teacher Learning in a Professional Development Program
Authors: Smit Jantien , Chisari Lucía Beatriz , Kouns Maria , Øyehaug Anne Bergliot , Savelsbergh Elwin , Hajer Maaike
Published: September 2023

Worldwide, pupils with migrant backgrounds do not participate in school STEM subjects as successfully as their peers. Migrant pupils’ subject-specific language proficiency lags behind, which hinders participation and learning. Primary teachers experience difficulty in teaching STEM as well as promoting required language development. This study investigates how a professional development program (PDP) focusing on inclusive STEM teaching can promote teacher learning of language-promoting strategies (promoting interaction, scaffolding language and using multilingual resources). Participants were five case study teachers in multilingual schools in the Netherlands (N = 2), Sweden (N = 1) and Norway (N = 2), who taught in primary classrooms with migrant pupils. The PDP focused on three STEM units (sound, maintenance, plant growth) and language-promoting strategies. To trace teachers’ learning, three interviews were conducted with each of the five teachers (one after each unit). The teachers also filled in digital logs (one after each unit). The interviews showed positive changes in teachers’ awareness, beliefs and attitudes towards language-supporting strategies. However, changes in practice and intentions for practice were reported to a lesser extent. This study shows that a PDP can be an effective starting point for teacher learning regarding inclusive STEM teaching. It also illuminates possible enablers (e.g., fostering language awareness) or hinderers (e.g., teachers’ limited STEM knowledge) to be considered in future PDP design.
Structural Identification of Control Objects. Review
Authors: Karabutov Nikolay
Published: September 2023

The structural identification (SI) problem of control objects has not been solved. The formalization and interpretation complexity of the structure concept is the main problem. In identification systems, the form of the model (its structure) choice is intuitive and bases on the experience and knowledge of the researcher in most cases. The task of parametric identification is often interpreted as SI. It introduces certain confusion in understanding of the task and decision-making. This is two different areas of research. The structural identification problem is multifaceted and includes many subtasks, and their solution gives the final result. Some tasks have been solved. The purpose of this work is to review existing approaches and methods to the structural identification problem of control objects from a system perspective. It is necessary to give the SI problem statement at the multiple-informational level to reflect the difficulties of formalizing SI. New directions to analyse that were not SI areas until now.
Environmental Implications of Shale Gas Hydraulic Fracturing: A Comprehensive Review on Water Contaminations and Seismic Activities in the United States
Authors: Hwang Bohyun , Heo Joonghyeok , Park Joon-kyu
Published: September 2023

Recent scholarship highlights the significant environmental impact of the expanding hydraulic fracturing industry, necessitating up-to-date, comprehensive, national-scale assessments. Addressing this gap, this literature review provides a thorough analysis of the contamination and induced seismicity associated with shale-gas hydraulic fracturing in the United States. Employing systematic reviews of literature and federal reports up until July 2023, this study reveals multiple areas of concern. Notably, water and soil contamination, seismic activity, and air pollution are identified as significant challenges linked to shale gas extraction. However, ongoing studies are actively exploring remediation strategies, including advancements in monitoring and treatment technologies, aimed at mitigating the impact of contamination. These findings underscore the need for stringent regulations, continuous research, and effective management practices. This work emphasizes the importance of a collaborative approach that leverages field studies, experimental investigations, and computational advancements to ensure the responsible development of shale gas resources.
Etiology and Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Kim Yerin , Yang Hyung-In , Kim And Kyoung Soo
Published: September 2023

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is one of the most serious extra-articular complications of rheu-matoid arthritis (RA), which increases the mortality of RA. Because the pathogenesis of RA-ILD remains poorly understood, appropriate therapeutic strategies and biomarkers have not yet been identified. Thus, the goal of this review was to summarize and analyze the reported data on the etiology and pathogenesis of RA-ILD. The incidence of RA-ILD increases with age, and is also generally higher in men than in women and in patients with specific genetic variations and eth-nicity. Lifestyle factors associated with an increased risk of RA-ILD include smoking and exposure to pollutants. The presence of an anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody, high RA disease activity, and rheumatoid factor positivity also increase the risk of RA-ILD. We also explored the roles of biological processes (e.g., fibroblast–myofibroblast transition, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and immunological processes), signaling pathways (e.g., JAK/STAT and PI3K/Akt), and the his-topathology of RA involved in RA-ILD pathogenesis based on published preclinical and clinical models of RA-ILD in animal and human studies.
Development of an Instant Herbal Porridge Cube Incorporated with Nano-Encapsulated Coccinia grandis Leaf Extract
Authors: Witharana Vichakshi Sashenka Bamunusingha , Jayasinghe Chamila
Published: September 2023

Diabetes mellitus is a cluster of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia. Since this epidemic growing worldwide, the usage of phototherapeutics to manage diabetes is vital. Coccinia grandis (Aka ivy gourd) belongs to cucumber family is identified as a most effective herb, especially for diabetes and many other disease conditions. Hence, an instant herbal porridge cube incorporating Coccinia grandis leaf powder was produced and sensory acceptability of the porridge was evaluated using trained panelists. The bioactive activity of Coccinia grandis leaf powder showed that 66.77±0.74 mg/g GAE of Total Phenolic Content, 27.65±6.79% of DPPH radical scavenging activity, 5.72% of alpha-amylase inhibition activity and 59.64% of alpha-glucosidase inhibition activity. The effect on postprandial blood sugar levels after consuming the developed porridge was measured using healthy adults and it was observed there was no blood sugar elevation during the 2 hours of time. As a further development, Coccinia grandis leaf extract was nano-encapsulated with food grade Sodium alginate and it was incorporated into the same porridge as a safe delivery method of bioactive compounds. In-vitro digestion assay was conducted and the results show that alpha-amylase inhibition activity for the gastric phase and alpha-glucosidase inhibition activity for the intestinal phase was higher in nano-encapsulated porridge. The study concludes that, consuming nano-encapsulated Coccinia grandis leaf extract with porridge is more beneficial for diabetic patients.
The Impact of Digitization on the Formation of a New Model for Geospatial Data
Authors: Jovanovic-Milenkovic Marina , Petrovic Filip
Published: September 2023

The introduction of digitization has changed all spheres of business on a global level, including geospatial data. In the Republic of Serbia, the process on this topic should begin with the introduction of the terms ePlan and eSpace. The general goal of the paper implies the construction and implementation of the ePlan as a future part of the eSpace for digital management of geospatial data, by creating co-creating value. For this purpose, the authors conducted research in which representatives of local self-governments and holders of public authority participated, by means of structured online research. The focus was on the digitization of urban and planning documents and the establishment a central database of spatial and planning documents in electronic format, and its further distribution through the one system. In that way, easy access to digital plan data expands the user community, and enables communication with different stakeholder groups. Ac-cording to the results of the research, the authors point out that it is necessary to form a new model for managing geospatial data through a eSpace system. This is achieved by shifting the focus from urban and spatial planning to other databases and their registers that are related to geospatial data. The goal of the paper indicates that it is necessary to raise the awareness of society, to introduce the concept of value co-creation, because conditions are created for the implementation of all measures aimed at digitization and management of electronic services in sustainable project society, at all countries.
The Behaviour of Polymeric Pipes in Drinking Water Distribution System. Comparison with Other Pipe Materials
Authors: Stefan Daniela Simina , Bosomoiu Magdalena , Teodorescu Georgeta
Published: September 2023

The inner walls of drinking water distribution system (DWDS) are expected to be clean to ensure a safe quality of drinking water. In reality, complex physical, chemical and biological processes take place when water comes into contact with the pipe surface. This paper describes the impact of leaching different compounds from the water supply pipes into the drinking water and subsequent risks. Among these compounds there are heavy metals. It is necessary to prevent these metals to get into the DWDS. Those compounds are susceptible to impact the quality of the water delivered to population either by leaching dangerous chemicals into the water or by enhancing the development of microorganism growth on the pipe surface. The corrosion process of different pipes materials, scale formation mechanisms and the impact of bacteria formed in corrosion layers are discussed. Water treatment processes and the pipe materials also affect the water composition. Pipes materials act differently in the flowing and stagnation conditions. Also, they age differently (e.g metal based pipes are subjected to corrosion while polymer based pipes have a decreased mechanical resistance) and are susceptible to enhance bacterial film formation. This review helps to clarify what are the possible sources of compounds responsible for drinking water quality degradation. Also, it gives guidance on the measures that are needed to maintain a stable and safe drinking water quality.
Zn–B–PLGA Biocomposite-Based Materials as Drug Delivery Systems: Research Progress
Authors: Ciocîlteu Maria Viorica , Scorei Ion Romulus , Rău Gabriela , Nicolicescu Claudiu , Biţă Andrei , Ene Vladimir Lucian , Simionescu Andreea , Turcu-Ştiolică Adina , Neamţu Johny , Mogoşanu George Dan
Published: September 2023

Our concern was to obtain a biocomposite material with improved properties of the constituent materials (poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and zinc–boron (Zn–B) complex) in accordance with the novelties in the field of delivery systems for therapeutic agents which lately redefine the importance of biopolymer nanocomposites with PLGA (biodegradable composites). The advantages of such a biomaterial target the health system, being easy to obtain, through a cost-effective method. The water/oil/water double emulsion method also allows the adjustment of the synthesis parameters, to maximize the degree of Zn–B complex encapsulation. The morphological aspects of the samples (size, shape, porosity) were established by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Particle size distribution (by volume and by number) was determined by direct light scattering (DLS). For all the synthesized materials, the observed morphology was typical for PLGA, spherical one. The particle size distribution showed that depending on the synthesis conditions, the particles can be obtained with diameters between 10–450 nm range and the value of the zeta potential (ZP) shows that the particles have electronegative surface charge, which offers a favorable perspective on the phenomena of aggregation, flocculation, dispersion. It was observed, applying the design of experiments (DoE), that the size of the particles increased with increasing amounts of PLGA and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in the formulation, while ZP increased with higher PLGA and smaller PVA. The encapsulation efficiency was determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS).
Isolation And Identification of Arbuscula Mycorrhiza (Ma) In Plant Rhizosphere in Greenbelt Area of PT. Semen Indonesia Tbk Tuban
Authors: Aina Avivi Nur , Nurtjahyani Supiana Dian , Sriwulan Sriwulan , Purnomo Eko
Published: September 2023

The Green Belt area is a buffer area in an industrial area that functions as a barrier or separates the mining area from other regions, such as residential areas or community agriculture. The Green belt area consists of various plant vegetation that absorbs carbon dioxide and air conditioning, preventing sedimentation and erosion in the mining area. Arbuscular mycorrhiza has the potential to live in the green belt area by forming a mutualism symbiosis with plants or vegetation in the area. This study aimed to determine arbuscular mycorrhizae found in the Greenbelt area of PT Semen Indonesia Tbk Tuban. Sampling used purposive sampling techniques at three sampling stations, namely rhizosphere eucalyptus (Malaleuca cajuputi), trembesi (Samanea saman), and sawo (Manilkara zapota). The study was conducted in November 2021 through three stages: sampling, sample isolation, and species identification. The results showed seven types of arbuscular mycorrhiza from five different genera, namely the genus Glomus, Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Racocetra, and Archaeospora. The most found species is the genus Glomus. This research contributes as a source of literacy and information about the types of AMF found in PT Semen Indonesia's Greenbelt area, which can be used as biological fertilizer, support plant growth, help reclaim mining areas, and protect plants from drought pressure in mining areas.
Epidemiology Study of Brucellosis in Polewali Mandar District, Indonesia
Authors: Amaliah Fitri , Sumiarto Bambang , Nugroho Widagdo Sri , Untari Tri , Hartawan Dinar Hadi Wahyu , Agustia Agustia
Published: September 2023

This research aims to determine the prevalence rate of brucellosis in the Polman District, examine the risk factors associated with seropositive diagnoses of brucellosis, and also to determine the brucellosis case model at the farm level. This research was carried out through a cross-sectional study and obtained a sample size of 395 serum. Samples were tested through the RBT and CFT. Identification of risk factors is based on questionnaire data conducted on around 113 breeders spread across Polman Regency. The data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate descriptive statistics, chi-square, and odds ratio (OR). The brucellosis model at the farm level was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. The results of this study indicate the prevalence of brucellosis in Polman Regency is 27.1%. Risk factors associated with diagnosis of brucellosis in Polman Regency included the history of abortion (p=0.000; OR=128), handling of aborted animal (p=0.000; OR=94.667), abortion at the end of pregnancy (p=0.000; OR=62.333), knowledge about brucellosis (p=0.000; OR=9.841), handling of residual abortions (p=0.003; OR=8,471), high grazing density (p=0.000; OR=6.861), introduction of new livestock (p=0.006; OR=5.833), dirty cage (p=0.003; OR=3.600), and grazing method (p=0.005; OR=3.167). Models of diagnosis brucellosis in Polman Regency is = -2,48923 + 3,38734 history of abortion + 2,06312 abortions at the end of pregnancy. The model shows that the history of abortion (β=+3.387; OR=29.588) and the incidence of abortion at the end of pregnancy (β=+2.205; OR = 7.871) can increase the seropositive diagnosis of brucellosis at the farm level.
EFFECT OF ALUMINIUM STRESS ON GERMINATION, GROWTH AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS OF Amaranthus hybridus
Authors: David Musyimi Mutisya
Published: September 2023

Amaranthus hybridus is widely distributed and used as a food plant in many parts of the world. Aluminium toxicity in the soil is one environmental stress that limits crop growth and production in acid soils. However, the level of aluminium stress tolerance depends on the plant species or genotype.  A study was conducted at Maseno University, Kenya on the effects of aluminium stress on germination, growth and leaf photosynthetic pigments of  Amaranthus hybridus seedlings. Ten uniform seeds of Amaranthus hybridus weretreated in sodium hypochlorite solution and were placed on dried petri dishes lined with Whatsman No. 1 filter papers.  Filter papers were then moistened with 5ml of  nutrient solution containing either 0 mM (distilled water) or (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mM) (Al toxicity) AlCl3·6H2O replicated three times. The germination was assessed for five days to ascertain the number of seeds that germinated over time.  Five litre pots were filled with top soil from Maseno University’s garden. Five seeds of Amaranthus hybridus were sown in each of the pots and were irrigated every day with 250 ml of tap water per pot for two weeks. After two weeks the seedlings were thinned to 2 plants per pot and treatments initiated. Seedlings were irrigated daily with nutrient solution containing 0 mM (control – tap water) or (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mM) (Al toxicity) AlCl3·6H2O in triplicates arranged in a completely randomized design in a green house. Data on shoot height, leaf area and number of leaves, shoot and root fresh and dry weights, chlorophyll a, chlrophyl b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were determined at the end of the experiment. Data collected was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and treatment means separated and compared using Least Significance Difference (LSD). Germination percentage of Amaranthus hybridus was significantly reduced by the aluminiumsolution stress as compared to control treatment. Growth and photosynthetic pigments parameters were significantly reduced by the aluminium stress.The results of this study have clearly shown that  Amaranthus hybridus speciesis very sensitive to aluminium toxicity.
Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Tobacco Dependence Among Adolescents Aged 12–16 Years Who Were Currently Smoking Tobacco in 125 Countries or Territories, 2012–2019
Authors: Yang Hui , Ma Chuanwei , Zhao Min , Xi Bo
Published: September 2023

Objectives. To examine the global prevalence of and factors associated with tobacco dependence among adolescents who are currently smoking.

Methods. We obtained 2012 to 2019 Global Youth Tobacco Survey data on 67 406 adolescents aged 12 to 16 years from 125 countries or territories (hereafter countries). Those with tobacco dependence were defined as current smokers who felt a strong desire to smoke again within 24 hours after smoking or who had ever smoked or felt like smoking first thing in the morning.

Results. The global prevalence of tobacco dependence among adolescents who were currently smoking was 38.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 34.0, 42.7). The prevalence was highest in high-income countries (49.8%; 95% CI = 47.0, 52.6) and lowest in lower-middle-income countries (31.2%; 95% CI = 26.9, 35.4). Secondhand smoke exposure, parental smoking, smoking among closest friends, tobacco advertisement exposure, and offers of free tobacco products were positively associated with tobacco dependence.

Conclusions. Nearly 40% of adolescents who are currently smoking have tobacco dependence worldwide.

Public Health Implications. Our findings emphasize the need to develop tobacco control interventions to prevent experimentation from progressing to regular smoking among adolescents who are currently smoking tobacco. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(8):861–869. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307283 )
State Policy Removing the Personal Belief Exemption for Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) School Immunization Requirement, Washington State, 2014–2022
Authors: Moore Tyler P. , Bennett Julia C. , Graff Katherine , Rao Mayuree , Augusto Orvalho , Chu Helen Y. , Wagenaar Bradley H. , Bell Teal R.
Published: September 2023

Objectives. To assess the impact of Washington State’s 2019 Engrossed House Bill (EHB) 1638—which removed measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) personal belief exemptions—on MMR vaccine series completion and exemption rates in K–12 students.

Methods. We used interrupted time-series analyses to examine changes in MMR vaccine series completion rates before and after EHB 1638 was passed and the χ2 test for differences in exemption rates.

Results. EHB 1638 implementation was associated with a 5.4% relative increase in kindergarten MMR vaccine series completion rates (95% confidence interval = 3.8%, 7.1%; P ≤ .001), and results were similar with Oregon as a control state (no change observed in Oregon; P = .68). MMR exemptions overall decreased 41% (from 3.1% in 2018–2019 to 1.8% in 2019–2020; P ≤ .001), and religious exemptions increased 367% (from 0.3% to 1.4%; P ≤ .001).

Conclusions. EHB 1638 was associated with an increase in MMR vaccine series completion rates and a decrease in any MMR exemption. However, effects were partially offset by an increase in religious exemption rates.

Public Health Implications. Removal of personal belief exemptions for the MMR immunization requirement only may be an effective approach to increase MMR vaccine coverage rates statewide and among underimmunized communities. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(7):795–804. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307285 )
Social Vulnerability in US Communities Affected by Wildfire Smoke, 2011 to 2021
Authors: Vargo Jason , Lappe Brooke , Mirabelli Maria C. , Conlon Kathryn C.
Published: September 2023

Objectives. To describe demographic and social characteristics of US communities exposed to wildfire smoke.

Methods. Using satellite-collected data on wildfire smoke with the locations of population centers in the coterminous United States, we identified communities potentially exposed to light-, medium-, and heavy-density smoke plumes for each day from 2011 to 2021. We linked days of exposure to smoke in each category of smoke plume density with 2010 US Census data and community characteristics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Social Vulnerability Index to describe the co-occurrence of smoke exposure and social disadvantage.

Results. During the 2011-to-2021 study period, increases in the number of days of heavy smoke were observed in communities representing 87.3% of the US population, with notably large increases in communities characterized by racial or ethnic minority status, limited English proficiency, lower educational attainment, and crowded housing conditions.

Conclusions. From 2011 to 2021, wildfire smoke exposures in the United States increased. As smoke exposure becomes more frequent and intense, interventions that address communities with social disadvantages might maximize their public health impact. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(7):759–767. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307286 )
Spatiotemporal Analysis Exploring the Effect of Law Enforcement Drug Market Disruptions on Overdose, Indianapolis, Indiana, 2020–2021
Authors: Ray Bradley , Korzeniewski Steven J. , Mohler George , Carroll Jennifer J. , del Pozo Brandon , Victor Grant , Huynh Philip , Hedden Bethany J.
Published: September 2023

Objectives. To test the hypothesis that law enforcement efforts to disrupt local drug markets by seizing opioids or stimulants are associated with increased spatiotemporal clustering of overdose events in the surrounding geographic area.

Methods. We performed a retrospective (January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021), population-based cohort study using administrative data from Marion County, Indiana. We compared frequency and characteristics of drug (i.e., opioids and stimulants) seizures with changes in fatal overdose, emergency medical services nonfatal overdose calls for service, and naloxone administration in the geographic area and time following the seizures.

Results. Within 7, 14, and 21 days, opioid-related law enforcement drug seizures were significantly associated with increased spatiotemporal clustering of overdoses within radii of 100, 250, and 500 meters. For example, the observed number of fatal overdoses was two-fold higher than expected under the null distribution within 7 days and 500 meters following opioid-related seizures. To a lesser extent, stimulant-related drug seizures were associated with increased spatiotemporal clustering overdose.

Conclusions. Supply-side enforcement interventions and drug policies should be further explored to determine whether they exacerbate an ongoing overdose epidemic and negatively affect the nation’s life expectancy. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(7):750–758. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307291 )
Evaluation of Public Health Contact Tracing for Mpox Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men—10 US Jurisdictions, May 17–July 31, 2022
Authors: Cope Anna Barry , Kirkcaldy Robert D. , Weidle Paul J. , Jackson David A. , Laramee Nicholas , Weber Robyn , Rowse Julia , Mangla Anil , Fox Brian , Saunders Katharine E. , Taniguchi Kristen , Usagawa Lauren , Cahill Megan E. , Harrington Pauline , Ricketts Erin K. , Harbi Khalil , Malec Lenka , Templin Tingting Gu , Drociuk Dan , Hannibal Terri , Klos Rachel , Bernstein Kyle T.
Published: September 2023

Objectives. To examine the potential impact of contact tracing to identify contacts and prevent mpox transmission among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) as the outbreak expanded.

Methods. We assessed contact tracing outcomes from 10 US jurisdictions before and after access to the mpox vaccine was expanded from postexposure prophylaxis for persons with known exposure to include persons at high risk for acquisition (May 17–June 30, 2022, and July 1–31, 2022, respectively).

Results. Overall, 1986 mpox cases were reported in MSM from included jurisdictions (240 before expanded vaccine access; 1746 after expanded vaccine access). Most MSM with mpox were interviewed (95.0% before vaccine expansion and 97.0% after vaccine expansion); the proportion who named at least 1 contact decreased during the 2 time periods (74.6% to 38.9%).

Conclusions. During the period when mpox cases among MSM increased and vaccine access expanded, contact tracing became less efficient at identifying exposed contacts.

Public Health Implications. Contact tracing was more effective at identifying persons exposed to mpox in MSM sexual and social networks when case numbers were low, and it could be used to facilitate vaccine access. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(7):815–818. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307301 )
The Pent-Up Demand for Breastfeeding Among US Women: Trends After COVID-19 Shelter-in-Place
Authors: Hamad Rita , Collin Daniel F. , Gemmill Alison , Jackson Kaitlyn , Karasek Deborah
Published: September 2023

Objectives. To estimate changes in national breastfeeding trends immediately before and after COVID-19‒related workplace closures in early 2020.

Methods. The implementation of shelter-in-place policies in early 2020, when 90% of people in the United States were urged to remain at home, represents a unique natural experiment to assess the pent-up demand for breastfeeding among US women that may be stymied by the lack of a national paid leave policy. We used the 2017–2020 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (n = 118 139) to estimate changes in breastfeeding practices for births occurring before and after shelter-in-place policies were implemented in the United States. We did this in the overall sample and by racial/ethnic and income subgroups.

Results. There was no change in breastfeeding initiation and a 17.5% increase in breastfeeding duration after shelter-in-place, with lingering effects through late 2020. High-income and White women demonstrated the largest gains.

Conclusions. The United States ranks worse than similar countries when it comes to breastfeeding initiation and duration. This study suggests that this is partly attributable to inadequate access to postpartum paid leave. This study also demonstrates inequities introduced by patterns of remote work during the pandemic. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(8):870–873. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307313 )