bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Der Frontarzt Ernst Jolowicz (1882–1958) über die Kriegsneurosen im Ersten Weltkrieg
Authors: Bornemann Georg , Steinberg Holger
Published: November 2022

Hintergrund und Fragestellung

Der deutsch-jüdische Nervenarzt Ernst Jolowicz (1882–1958) wirkte während des Ersten Weltkrieges als Militärarzt an der West- und Ostfront. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht erstmals seine in dieser Zeit entstandenen Arbeiten über Kriegsneurosen.

Material und Methoden

Die Primärquellen des Autors werden analysiert und unter Zuhilfenahme einschlägiger Fachliteratur vor dem Hintergrund damaliger nervenärztlicher sowie militärmedizinischer Entwicklungen verortet.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion

Die Studie erweitert das bisher von der Medizinhistorie gezeichnete Bild der Nervenärzte des Ersten Weltkrieges um eine originäre Facette: In seinen Aufsätzen postulierte Jolowicz, dass grundsätzlich jeder – und nicht etwa nur Menschen mit „minderwertigen Anlagen“ – eine psychische Erkrankung entwickeln könne. Damit widersprach er der damals üblichen sozialdarwinistischen Auffassung über die Entstehung von Kriegsneurosen. Bemerkenswert ist darüber hinaus seine statistische Arbeit zu über 5000 Fällen kriegsneurotischer Soldaten, welche als früher Versuch empirischer Forschung gelten kann.
A novel imaging scoring method for identifying facial canal dehiscence: an ultra-high-resolution CT study
Authors: Tang Ruowei , Zhang Zhengyu , Zhao Pengfei , Zhao Lei , Xu Ning , Yin Hongxia , Yang Zhenghan , Wang Zhenchang
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Facial canal dehiscence (FCD), typically found in the tympanic segment, is a risk factor for facial nerve injury. An imaging scoring method was proposed to identify FCD based on ultra-high-resolution CT.

Methods

Forty patients (21 females and 19 males, mean age 44.3 ± 17.4 years), whose tympanic facial canal (FC) was examined during otological surgery, were divided into the FCD group (n= 29) and the control group (n= 11) based on surgical findings. Imaging appearance of tympanic FC was scored 0–3: 0 = no evident bony covering, 1 = discontinuous bony covering with linear deficiency, 2 = discontinuous bony covering with dotted deficiency, and 3 = continuous bony covering. Both lateral and inferior walls were assigned a score as LFCDand IFCD, respectively. An FCD score was calculated as LFCD+ IFCD.The diagnostic value of the FCD score was tested using the ROC curve.

Results

The inter-observer agreement was moderate for the lateral wall (Cohen’s κ coefficient 0.416, 95% CI 0.193–0.639), and good for the inferior wall (Cohen’s κ coefficient 0.702, 95% CI 0.516–0.888). In the FCD group, the most common appearance for both walls was discontinuous bony covering with linear deficiency (LFCD= 1, 22/29, 75.9%; IFCD= 1, 15/29, 51.7%). An FCD score of less than 4 was associated with high sensitivity (0.82) and specificity (0.93) for identifying FCD, with an AUC of 0.928.

Conclusions

Using the proposed scoring method, FCD score < 4 could identify FCD of the tympanic segment with high concordance with surgical findings.

Key Points

• Imaging appearance of the tympanic facial canal (FC) is divided into four types based on ultra-high-resolution CT images.

• The most common appearance of FC with facial canal dehiscence (FCD) is discontinuous bony covering with linear deficiency.

• An FCD score, consisting of scores of the lateral and inferior walls, less than 4 is highly indicative of FCD.
Metabolic changes induced by Cuscuta campestris Yunck in the host species Artemisia campestris subsp. variabilis (Ten.) Greuter as a strategy for successful parasitisation
Authors: Landi Marco , Misra Biswapriya B. , Nocito Fabio Francesco , Lucchini Giorgio , Bruno Leonardo , Malara Angela , Abenavoli Maria Rosa , Araniti Fabrizio
Published: November 2022

Main conclusions

C. campestris parasitisation increases internal host defences at the expense of environmentally directed ones in the host species A. campestris, thus limiting plant defence against progressive parasitisation.

Cuscuta campestris Yunck is a holoparasitic species that parasitises wild species and crops. Among their hosts, Artemisia campestris subsp. variabilis (Ten.) Greuter is significantly affected in natural ecosystems. Limited information is available on the host recognition mechanism and there are no data on the interactions between these species and the effects on the primary and specialised metabolism in response to parasitisation. The research aims at evaluating the effect of host–parasite interactions, through a GC–MS untargeted metabolomic analysis, chlorophyll a fluorescence, ionomic and δ13C measurements, as well as volatile organic compound (VOC) fingerprint in A. campestris leaves collected in natural environment. C. campestris parasitisation altered plant water status, forcing stomatal opening, stimulating plant transpiration, and inducing physical damages to the host antenna complex, thus reducing the efficiency of its photosynthetic machinery. Untargeted-metabolomics analysis highlighted that the parasitisation significantly perturbed the amino acids and sugar metabolism, inducing an increase in the production of osmoprotectants, which generally accumulate in plants as a protective strategy against oxidative stress. Notably, VOCs analysis highlighted a reduction in sesquiterpenoids and an increase in monoterpenoids levels; involved in plant defence and host recognition, respectively. Moreover, C. campestris induced in the host a reduction in 3-hexenyl-acetate, a metabolite with known repellent activity against Cuscuta spp. We offer evidences that C. campestris parasitisation increases internal host defences via primary metabolites at the expense of more effective defensive compounds (secondary metabolites), thus limiting A. campestris defence against progressive parasitisation.
Use of pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in patients with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) results in monofollicular ovulation and high cumulative live birth rates: a 25-year cohort
Authors: Quaas Philipp , Quaas Alexander M. , Fischer Manuel , De Geyter Christian
Published: November 2022

Purpose

To analyze outcomes of pulsatile administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in infertile women diagnosed with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA).

Methods

A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted from 1996 to 2020. Sixty-six patients with the diagnosis FHA that underwent therapy using the pulsatile GnRH pump for conception were included and analyzed. The primary outcome was the live birth rate (LBR). Secondary outcomes were the number of dominant follicles, ovulation rate, biochemical pregnancy rate (BPR), clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), miscarriage rate, and multiple pregnancy rate. A matched control group was selected to compare the birth weight of newborn children.

Results

During the study period, 66 patients with FHA underwent 82 treatments (14 of 66 patients had more than one treatment) and a total of 212 cycles (ovulation induction attempts) using pulsatile GnRH. The LBR per treatment was 65.9%. The ovulation rate per cycle was 96%, and monofollicular ovulation was observed in 75% of cycles. The BPR per treatment was 80.5%, and the cumulative CPR per treatment was 74.4%. The miscarriage rate was 11.5%. One dizygotic twin pregnancy was observed (1.6%). Average newborn birth weight (NBW) from patients with FHA was comparable to the control group.

Conclusion(s)

In patients with FHA, excellent pregnancy rates were achieved using the subcutaneous GnRH pump. The high cumulative LBR with normal NBW as well as low rates of multiple gestation indicate that the pulsatile GnRH pump represents a safer and more physiologic alternative to ovulation induction with injectable gonadotropins.

Trial registration

Ethics Committee Northwest and Central Switzerland (Ethikkommission Nordwest- und Zentralschweiz - EKNZ) - Project-ID 2020-01612.
Empathy is not so perfect! -For a descriptive and wide conception of empathy
Authors: Malbois Elodie , Hurst-Majno S.
Published: November 2022

Physician empathy is considered essential for good clinical care. Empirical evidence shows that it correlates with better patient satisfaction, compliance, and clinical outcomes. These data have nevertheless been criticized because of a lack of consistency and reliability. In this paper, we claim that these issues partly stem from the widespread idealization of empathy: we mistakenly assume that physician empathy always contributes to good care. This has prevented us from agreeing on a definition of empathy, from understanding the effects of its different components and from exploring its limits. This is problematic because physicians’ ignorance of the risks of empathy and of strategies to manage them can impact their work and wellbeing negatively. To address this problem, we explore the effects of the potential components of empathy and argue that it should be conceived as a purely descriptive and wide term. We end by discussing implications for medical education.
How do women face the emergency following a disaster? A PRISMA 2020 systematic review
Authors: Pérez-Gañán Rocío , Dema Moreno Sandra , González Arias Rosario , Cocina Díaz Virginia
Published: November 2022

The aim of the study is to conduct a systematic analysis of scientific articles from a social sciences perspective that focus on the role of women as active subjects during an emergency, particularly in terms of evacuation actions in the aftermath of disasters of natural origin. The methology used in the present literature review was designed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) guidelines. The databases used were Web of Science and SCOPUS. This systematic review comprises the 25 articles which met our selection criteria out of the 63,852 studies initially found in the search. Although the progressive incorporation of a gender perspective can be seen in the academic study of disasters within the field of social sciences, the scientific production, especially with reference to the emergency phase, remains scant. The current literature reveals the importance of taking into account the knowledge women have, as well as how they behave following a disaster of natural origin. The results of the analysis carried out demonstrate that in making visible how gender roles operate during the early response period in an emergency, especially in relation to the role played by women as active subjects, the traditional notion of rescue is extended. On the basis of this analysis, recommendations are made which can facilitate an approach to disaster risk management that guarantees gender equality in an emergency.
Shark depredation: future directions in research and management
Authors: Mitchell J. D. , Drymon J. M. , Vardon J. , Coulson P. G. , Simpfendorfer C. A. , Scyphers S. B. , Kajiura S. M. , Hoel K. , Williams S. , Ryan K. L. , Barnett A. , Heupel M. R. , Chin A. , Navarro M. , Langlois T. , Ajemian M. J. , Gilman E. , Prasky E. , Jackson G.
Published: November 2022

Shark depredation is a complex social-ecological issue that affects a range of fisheries worldwide. Increasing concern about the impacts of shark depredation, and how it intersects with the broader context of fisheries management, has driven recent research in this area, especially in Australia and the United States. This review synthesises these recent advances and provides strategic guidance for researchers aiming to characterise the occurrence of depredation, identify the shark species responsible, and test deterrent and management approaches to reduce its impacts. Specifically, the review covers the application of social science approaches, as well as advances in video camera and genetic methods for identifying depredating species. The practicalities and considerations for testing magnetic, electrical, and acoustic deterrent devices are discussed in light of recent research. Key concepts for the management of shark depredation are reviewed, with recommendations made to guide future research and policy development. Specific management responses to address shark depredation are lacking, and this review emphasizes that a “silver bullet” approach for mitigating depredation does not yet exist. Rather, future efforts to manage shark depredation must rely on a diverse range of integrated approaches involving those in the fishery (fishers, scientists and fishery managers), social scientists, educators, and other stakeholders.
How institutional solutions meant to increase diversity in science fail
Authors: Koskinen Inkeri
Published: November 2022

Philosophers of science have in recent years presented arguments in favour of increasing cognitive diversity, diversity of social locations, and diversity of values and interests in science. Some of these arguments align with important aims in contemporary science policy. The policy aims have led to the development of institutional measures and instruments that are supposed to increase diversity in science and in the governance of science. The links between the philosophical arguments and the institutional measures have not gone unnoticed. Philosophers have even explicitly suggested that institutional measures could be used to increase diversity in science. But philosophical criticisms of the existing institutional instruments have also been presented. Here I review some recent case studies in which philosophers examine actual attempts to increase diversity in science by using institutional measures implemented from the top down—attempts that have failed in one way or another. These studies examine attempts to involve citizens or stakeholders in the governance of science and technology and attempts to increase the number of interdisciplinary collaborations. They draw attention to the limitations of such instruments, calling into question the most optimistic visions of using institutional instruments to increase diversity in science.
Paleo-environmental study of the Raniganj and Barakar Formations: Implications from the Geochemical and Geomechanical Aspects of Sandstone and Shale
Authors: Rahman Tabish , Sarkar Kripamoy , Niyogi Anurag , Mahanandia Akash , Ahmad Sakir
Published: November 2022

The study considers the impact of the degree of weathered material constituting the sedimentary rocks on the strength of the Lower Gondwana coal measure rocks. The dependence of the strength of primary rocks on the alteration indices has been previously studied, but it is unknown for secondary/ sedimentary rocks. Therefore, in this paper, Lower Gondwana coal measure rocks (sandstone and shale) from the most productive coalfields of India, the Barakar and Raniganj coalfields, have been studied geochemically and geomechanically to find out their correlation. Geochemically, the study revealed that an arid, non-marine, and deltaic depositional environment prevailed during the sedimentation of Barakar and Raniganj Formations. The provenance was deduced to be mafic igneous. It was also deduced that the Lower Gondwana sandstone is clay-rich, and the sandstone samples fall in the shale field in the chemical classification scheme for terrigenous clastic sediments. The weathering indices, along with the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of the Barakar and Raniganj Formation coal measure rocks, have been assessed. The dependence of UCS on the weathering indices has been evaluated, and positive relationships were obtained.
Cluster Analysis of Mineral-chemical Data of Basaltic Rocks from Linga, Eastern Deccan Volcanic Province (EDVP) and its Petrogenetic Implications
Authors: Ganguly Sohini , Dey Payel , Ray Jyotisankar , Talukdar Srijita , Saha Aritrika , Koeberl Christian
Published: November 2022

Cluster analysis studies based on electron microprobe data of phenocryst mineral phases (namely olivine, clinopyroxene and plagioclase) of basaltic rocks around Linga (21° 58' N: 78° 56' E), eastern Deccan volcanic province have been carried out for the first time. Based on highly significant correlation coefficients obtained for relevant major oxides of phenocrystal mineral phases, it is suggested that mineralogical parameters such as Fo% in olivine, Ca/Mg# in clinopyroxene and An% of plagioclase play important role to decipher the evolution of the phase chemistry. Those highly significant major oxides were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis, involving hierarchical segmentation, cluster analysis and construction of dendrograms. For each of the minerals, the clusters decrease systematically. The ultimate cluster patterns may either correspond to liquid immiscibility-related intraflow chemical variation or to multiple staged magmatic emplacements.
Study of Local Site Conditions for Seismic Hazard Assessment at the BHU Campus, Varanasi, North India, using Ambient Noise Measurements
Authors: Kumari Sangeeta , Singh A.P , Shankar Uma , Pratap Birender , Gupta Arun Kumar
Published: November 2022

The ambient noise measurement approach has been applied for detailed seismic hazard mapping in the Banaras Hindu University (BHU), campus, Varanasi. Thirty three single stations, two standard penetration tests (SPT), and two array micro tremor measurements were carried out to determine the local site characteristics. In this study, H/V spectral ratio confirms that the sites have an average predominant frequency of around 0.53Hz and an average amplitude of 7.94. These resonant frequencies are related to the thickness of the sediments in the region. Based on the available lithological data and estimated sub-surface structures, shallow and deeper cross-sections through two profiles within the BHU campus are presented. The estimated shallow sub-surface structures are correlated with 150 m boreholes data for a better understanding of sub-soil stratification. These studies show the presence of clay up to a depth of ~40 m, mixed with sand and pebbles at some locations, followed by layers of sand, and clay with pebbles ~200 m. Findings of the present study are also well correlated with inverted shear wave velocity profiles. The Vs observed from the array measurements and N-value from standard penetration test (SPT) are positively correlated to each other and give a better understating of Vs. Thus, the inverted 1-D shear velocity models clearly show low shear wave velocity having sediment thickness of 30 to 40 meters. Finally, fundamental frequency, amplification, vulnerability index, and shear wave velocity maps are presented. Additionally, the borehole data are used to calibrate the results of the present study of the shallow sub-surface structure. Subsequently, computed maps are a very useful tool for engineers to quantify the intensity of earthquake ground motion, which will be helpful to determine the capacity of buildings to resist earthquakes.
Delineation of Coal Bed Geometry using High Resolution Seismic Reflection Data for Uninterrupted Directional Drilling Exploration
Authors: Dhanam K. , Mysaiah D. , Kishore P. Pavan , Seshunarayana T.
Published: November 2022

The utilization of innovative technology by the coal mine industry requires proper guidance of sub-surface information so that it can provide uninterrupted exploration with less time and minimum cost. Sufficient knowledge about the coal beds that is variation of thickness, depth, and associated structures will facilitate the mine engineer to run machinery systematically. Conventional geological reports based on borehole data may not sufficient to adopt state-of-the-art drilling technology. To address these issues, high-resolution seismic survey (HRSS) was conducted to delineate the thickness of coal seams and mapping of structural features which are associated with coal seams. An effort was made to demonstrate the high-resolution seismic reflection study for picking of minor faults locations and thickness of coal seams in the central part of the Sohagpur, Gondwana basin that occurs at the junction of the Mahanadi and Son-Narmada rift systems in central India. The study reveals thick Barakar Formation and coal seams at a depth range of 300 to 550 meters. The thickness of coal seams and the location of minor faults were interpreted with the help of attribute analysis from the seismic sections. The obtained results from the seismic survey were useful for the selection of potential target zones which are favourable for drilling.
Seismic Image Enhancement from Principal Component Analysis: A Case Study from KG Basin
Authors: Ramesh Animireddy , Satyavani Nittala
Published: November 2022

In exploration seismology, it is extremely important to enhance the image of the sub-surface in terms of geological features by suppressing the noise. The weighted stacking methods are found to be superior to the conventional stacking and result in good quality seismic images. The weighted stacking process based on principal component analysis (PCA) is employed in the present study to enhance the seismic image from the Krishna-Godavari (KG) basin, India. In present study, the weights are calculated by thresholding the similarities between each data trace and PCA based reference trace. The study demonstrates the efficacy of the method and shows considerable improvement in the resolution of the seismic reflections. The identification of the migration pathways within the gas curtains reported earlier, has become easy and clarity is enhanced for the identification of migration and accumulation of free gas in the downslope region of the seismic image.
Mineralogy and Chemistry of Lakshanhatti Dolomite of Proterozoic Kaladgi Basin, Karnataka, India
Authors: Jayappagol Raju
Published: November 2022

The dolomites of Lakshanhatti Dolomite Member of Simikeri Subgroup of the Proterozoic Kaladgi Basin of Karnataka are medium to fine grained, compact and massive crystalline rocks, and are characterized by stromatolitic and cherty laminations. They are composed mainly of dolomite mineral with traces of calcite and quartz. The MgO content of these dolomites is almost uniform, and varies between 19.57 and 21.35%, while their CaO content varies widely from 30.24 to 38.39%. They are characterized by low SiO2 (av. 0.47%) and Al2O3 contents, indicating negligible amount of detrital quartz and clay fractions in dolomites. The higher contents of Fe (av. 5225 ppm) and Mn (av. 179 ppm) suggest for their substitution in Mg/Ca cations during dolomitization. The values of MgO (av. 20.47%), CaO (av. 35.07%) and insolubles like SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 (av. 1.31%) categorize these dolomites as refractory grade. It is inferred that the dolomites with stromatolitic structures were formed as primary precipitates due to microbial activity and minor evaporation in a tidal flat shallow marine environment, while the secondary dolomites were formed by the replacement of limestone during burial and diagenesis.
Sediment Yield Assessment, Prioritization and Control Practices in Chambal River Basin Employing SYI Model
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Naqvi Hasan Raja , Devrani Rahul , Deshmukh Benidhar , Huang Jr-Chuan
Published: November 2022

Sediment yield is the result of all sediment production and transport processes. Recent technological developments and increasing availability of global environmental datasets, including earth observation data, provide an opportunity to systematically examine the relationship between sediment yield and controlling catchment variables by employing geographic information system (GIS). The Sediment yield index (SYI) method is employed using soil texture, topography, rainfall erosivity, geomorphology and landuse-landcover parameters to compute the spatial distribution of sediment yield rate and plan soil conservation and prioritize watershed in the Chambal river basin. The model does not provide absolute sediment yield value and can be only used for qualitative purposes. The present study estimated the sediment yield rate between 560-2625 ton/ha/yr with an average value of 1608.89 ton/ ha/yr and severe, very high, high, moderate, and low priority zones. The priority levels are determined based on average sediment yield values and conservation approaches are proposed for all the catchments.
Fairness außerhalb des Wettkampfsports – gemessen am Wettkampfsport
Authors: Schürmann Volker
Published: November 2022

Dieser strikt methodische Beitrag geht der Frage nach, ob bzw. inwiefern in Bezug auf Sport, der nicht in Wettkampfform ausgetragen wird, sinnvoll von Fairness gesprochen werden kann. Hier gibt es ein sachliches Spannungsverhältnis. Einerseits ist es naheliegend, Sport ganz generell mit Fairness in Verbindung zu bringen. Andererseits liegt es fern, von einem fairen Gesundheitssport zu sprechen. Diese sachliche Frage hat auch eine organisationspolitische Seite: Welchen Bezug hat der Deutsche Aikido-Bund als Mitglied des Deutschen Olympischen Sportbundes zum Olympismus und zu Fairness? An den Paradebeispielen Wettkampfsport, Schulsport und Gesundheitssport werden unterschiedliche Verhältnisse von Sport und Fairness diskutiert und gegeneinander kontrastiert, wobei zwei Unterscheidungen leitend sind. Zum einen kann Fairness auch innerhalb des Wettkampfsports eine sportspezifische Bedeutung haben oder aber allgemeine Gerechtigkeit meinen; zum anderen ist diese Unterscheidung feldspezifisch, das heißt, im Feld des Wettkampfsports geht der Begriff Fairness mit anderen Bedeutungen einher als in den Feldern der Bildung und der Gesundheit. Der Beitrag endet mit der Vermutung, dass der Gesundheitssport nicht auf eine sportspezifische Fairness befragt werden kann, und dass dies der Grund für die Anfälligkeit seiner Instrumentalisierung ist.
Graph attention neural network for water network partitioning
Authors: Rong Kezhen , Fu Minglei , Huang Yangyang , Zhang Ming , Zheng Lejin , Zheng Jianfeng , Scholz Miklas , Yaseen Zaher Mundher
Published: November 2022

Partitioning a water distribution network into several district metered areas is beneficial for its management. Partitioning a network according to its node features and connections remains a challenge. A recent study has realized water network partitioning based on node features or pipe connections individually. This study proposes an unsupervised clustering method for nodes based on a graph neural network, which uses graph attention technology to update node features based on the connections and a neural network to cluster nodes. The similarity between nodes located in each area and the balance of the total water demand between areas are optimized, and the importance of the boundary pipes is calculated to determine the installation position of flowmeters and valves. Three water distribution networks with different structures and sizes are used to verify the proposed model. The results show that the average location differences (LocDiffs) within the areas of the three networks completed by partitioning are 0.12, 0.07, and 0.06, and the total demand differences (DemDiffs) between areas are 0.13, 0.27, and 0.29, respectively. The LocDiff and DemDiff of the proposed method decreased by 6% and 55%, respectively, when compared to the traditional clustering method. Additionally, the proposed method for calculating the importance of boundaries provides an objective basis for boundary closure. When the same number of boundaries are closed, the comprehensive impact of the proposed method on the pipe network decreases by 17.1%. The proposed method can be used in practical applications because it ensures a highly reliable and interpretive water distribution network partitioning method.
The misuse of insulin by males with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus for weight and/or shape control: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Goddard Georgia , Oxlad Melissa , Turnbull Deborah
Published: November 2022

Background

Insulin restriction and/or omission in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a risky disordered eating behaviour increasingly reported in the literature. Most existing literature has focused on females with T1DM. Previous research, however, suggests disordered eating behaviours are over-represented in males with T1DM versus males without T1DM. This systematic scoping review sought to summarise the existing literature to contribute to the development of an understanding of males’ misuse of insulin for weight and/or shape control.

Methods

A systematic scoping review methodology was used. We searched six electronic databases. Eligible articles were quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods empirical studies with primary data on the restriction and/or omission of insulin for weight and/or shape control among males, written in English from database inception to December 2021.

Results

A final sample of 56 articles was included (48 quantitative, six qualitative and two mixed methods). Where it was reported to occur, estimates of the behaviour ranged from 5 to 75% in females and 1.4% to 76% in males. In 12 studies examining sex differences, only three reported higher prevalence in females. Understandings about the behavioural context of the behaviour were hampered by lack of qualitative research (n = 4 studies).

Conclusion

Despite common preconceptions, this disordered eating behaviour appears to occur similarly in males and females. The findings shed light on areas for future research, including aetiology in males and the need for longitudinal and qualitative research. Clinical recommendations include being alert to the possibility of this behaviour in males with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and the need for health professionals to use open-ended questions to explore current and past deliberate restriction and/or omission of insulin among their patients.
Cross-validation of correlation networks using modular structure
Authors: Neuman Magnus , Jonsson Viktor , Calatayud Joaquín , Rosvall Martin
Published: November 2022

Correlation networks derived from multivariate data appear in many applications across the sciences. These networks are usually dense and require sparsification to detect meaningful structure. However, current methods for sparsifying correlation networks struggle with balancing overfitting and underfitting. We propose a module-based cross-validation procedure to threshold these networks, making modular structure an integral part of the thresholding. We illustrate our approach using synthetic and real data and find that its ability to recover a planted partition has a step-like dependence on the number of data samples. The reward for sampling more varies non-linearly with the number of samples, with minimal gains after a critical point. A comparison with the well-established WGCNA method shows that our approach allows for revealing more modular structure in the data used here.
Positive Development and Parenting in the Face of Adversity: A Survey of Emerging Adults
Authors: Chainey Carys , Burke Kylie , Haynes Michele
Published: November 2022

Adverse childhood experiences may hinder young people from developing the positive traits and abilities they need to successfully navigate life. While parenting has been shown to support this development, its protective influence in the context of adversity is yet to be explored. This paper investigates the associations between emerging adults’ positive development and single and/or multiple experiences of adversity, and if parenting moderates those associations. Data from a new cross-sectional quantitative survey (n = 693; 28.2% male; aged 18–25 years) were used to measure positive development at age 18–25, adversities experienced up to age 18 (maltreatment, parental separation, and household substance use problems, mental health conditions, incarceration and domestic violence), and parenting received at age 15 (connectedness, hostility, and monitoring). Moderated multivariate logistic regressions indicated that respondents were at increased risk for low positive development if they had experienced cumulative adversity or lower monitoring. A significant interaction and visualised trends indicate that a higher level of hostility was associated with increased risk for low positive development only in respondents with no reported ACEs. The results indicate that young people who experience multiple types of adversity, parental hostility, and/or a lack of monitoring, may be less likely to develop the skills and attributes required to successfully tackle the challenges of life. Further investigation is warranted to tease out the multi-faceted relationships between these constructs and identify how and why adversity and parenting may impact young people’s ability to thrive.
Dynamic similarity criteria in fluid–solid interaction at different fluid–solid relative motions: part I—fundamentals
Authors: Andrzej Flaga , Renata Kłaput , Łukasz Flaga
Published: November 2022

The work concerns dynamic similarity criteria of various phenomena occurring in aerodynamics of buildings and structures, hydraulics and fluid dynamics derived from ratios of forces and forces moments affecting these phenomena. It consists of three parts. Part I concerns the bases of dynamic similarity criteria formulated in such a way in relations to the problems of fluid–solid interaction at different fluid–solid relative motions. At the end of this part, authorial method and procedure for determination of dynamic similarity criteria in fluid–solid interaction issues have been presented.
Ingestible light source for intragastric antibacterial phototherapy: a device safety study on a minipig model
Authors: Orsini Barbara , Busechian Sara , Faraoni Paola , Burchielli Silvia , Maggi Giulia , Rogai Francesca , Gnerucci Alessio , Tortoli Paolo , Milani Stefano , Treghini Chiara , Dell’Accio Alfonso , Romano Giovanni , Rueca Fabrizio , Fusi Franco
Published: November 2022

Helicobacter pylori gastric infections are among the most diffused worldwide, suffering from a rising rate of antibiotic resistance. In this context, some of the authors have previously designed an ingestible device in the form of a luminous capsule to perform antibacterial photodynamic inactivation in the stomach. In this study, the light-emitting capsules were tested to verify the safety of use prior to perform clinical efficacy studies. First, laboratory tests measured the capsule temperature while in function and verified its chemical resistance in conditions mimicking the gastric and gut environments. Second, safety tests in a healthy minipig model were designed and completed, to verify both the capsule integrity and the absence of side effects, associated with its illumination and transit throughout the gastrointestinal tract. To this aim, a capsule administration protocol was defined considering a total of 6 animals with n = 2 treated with 8 capsules, n = 2 treated with 16 capsules and n = 2 controls with no capsule administration. Endoscopies were performed in sedated conditions before–after every capsule administration. Biopsies were taken from the corpus and antrum regions, while the gastric cavity temperature was monitored during illumination. The bench tests confirmed a very good chemical resistance and a moderate (about 3 °C) heating of the capsules. The animal trials showed no significant effects on the gastric wall tissues, both visually and histologically, accompanied with overall good animal tolerance to the treatment. The integrity of the administered capsules was verified as well. These encouraging results pose the basis for the definition of successive trials at the clinical level.

Graphical abstract
Exploring determinants and strategies for implementing self-management support text messaging interventions in safety net clinics
Authors: Nelson Lyndsay A. , Roddy McKenzie K. , Bergner Erin M. , Gonzalez Jesus , Gentry Chad , LeStourgeon Lauren M. , Kripalani Sunil , Hull Pamela C. , Mayberry Lindsay S.
Published: November 2022

Background:

Text message-delivered interventions for chronic disease self-management have potential to reduce health disparities, yet limited research has explored implementing these interventions into clinical care. We partnered with safety net clinics to evaluate a texting intervention for type 2 diabetes called REACH (Rapid Encouragement/Education And Communications for Health) in a randomized controlled trial. Following evaluation, we explored potential implementation determinants and recommended implementation strategies.

Methods:

We interviewed clinic staff (n = 14) and a subset of intervention participants (n = 36) to ask about REACH’s implementation potential. Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) as an organizing framework, we coded transcripts and used thematic analysis to derive implementation barriers and facilitators. We integrated the CFIR-ERIC (Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change) Matching Tool, interview feedback, and the literature to recommend implementation strategies.

Results:

Implementation facilitators included low complexity, strong evidence and quality, available clinic resources, the need for a program to support diabetes self-management, and strong fit between REACH and both the clinics’ existing workflows and patients’ needs and resources. The barriers included REACH only being available in English, a lack of interoperability with electronic health record systems, patients’ concerns about diabetes stigma, limited funding, and high staff turnover. Categories of recommended implementation strategies included training and education, offering flexibility and adaptation, evaluating key processes, and securing funding.

Conclusion:

Text message-delivered interventions have strong potential for integration in low-resource settings as a supplement to care. Pursuing implementation can ensure patients benefit from these innovations and help close the research to practice gap.
Happiness in pre-pandemic Europe: correlates of individual happiness prior to Covid
Authors: DiCosimo A. , Kelly B. D.
Published: November 2022

Objective:

To identify levels and key correlates of happiness across Europe in 2018, prior to the Covid-19 pandemic.

Methods:

We used data from the European Social Survey to determine levels of happiness in individuals (n = 49,419) from 29 European countries and identify associations between happiness and age, gender, satisfaction with income, employment status, community trust, satisfaction with health, satisfaction with democracy, religious belief and country of residence.

Results:

In 2018, self-rated happiness varied significantly across the 29 European countries, with individuals in Denmark reporting the highest levels of happiness (8.38 out of 10) and individuals in Bulgaria reporting the lowest (5.55). Ireland ranked 11th (7.7). Happiness had significant, independent associations with younger age, satisfaction with health, satisfaction with household income, community trust, satisfaction with democracy and religious belief. These factors accounted for 25.4% of the variance in happiness between individuals, and, once they were taken into account, country of residence was no longer significantly associated with happiness.

Conclusions:

Self-rated happiness varied significantly across pre-pandemic. At individual level, happiness was more closely associated with certain variables than with country of residence. It is likely that the Covid-19 pandemic had significant impacts on some or all of these variables. This highlights the importance of further analysis of correlates of happiness in Europe over future years, when detailed happiness data from during and after the pandemic become available.
IRRIGATION AND LANDSCAPE COMMEMORATION IN NORTHERN ASSYRIA, THE ASSYRIAN CANAL AND ROCK RELIEFS IN FAIDA (KURDISTAN REGION OF IRAQ): PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE 2019 FIELD SEASON
Authors: Morandi Bonacossi Daniele , Qasim Hasan Ahmed
Published: November 2022

This article presents the preliminary results of the joint Kurdish-Italian Faida Archaeological Project (KIFAP) conducted by the Duhok Directorate of Antiquities and the University of Udine at the Assyrian Faida canal and rock art complex in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Investigation of this extraordinary and seriously endangered archaeological site was launched in 2019 and has led to the exploration of an 8.6 km-long irrigation canal cut into the limestone bedrock of the Chiya Daka hill range in the outskirts of the village of Faida, south of Duhok. Ten monumental sculpted rock panels carved along the canal's eastern bank were brought to light, representing an Assyrian ruler depicted at both ends of each panel, framing the cult statues of seven deities standing on pedestals shaped like striding animals. This article discusses the canal's role in the wider context of the Northern Assyrian Irrigation System and the function of the Assyrian hydraulic networks as economic infrastructures with transformative effects on the landscape and staple food production of the empire's core. The Faida bas-reliefs are examined from an archaeological and art historical perspective, and hypotheses are proposed about their religious and ideological meaning, as well as their dating and the identity of the king or kings who commissioned them.
Turbulence suppression by streamwise-varying wall rotation in pipe flow
Authors: Liu Xu , Zhu Hongbo , Bao Yan , Zhou Dai , Han Zhaolong
Published: November 2022

Direct numerical simulations of turbulent pipe flow subjected to streamwise-varying wall rotation are performed. This control method is able to achieve drag reduction and even relaminarize the flow under certain control parameters at friction Reynolds number

$Re_\tau =180$

. Two control parameters, which are velocity amplitude and wavelength, are considered. It is found that increasing the wavelength rather than increasing the amplitude seems to be a better choice to improve the control efficiency. An annular boundary layer, called the spatial Stokes layer (SSL), is formed by the wall rotation. Based on the thickness of the SSL, two types of drag-reduction scenarios can be identified roughly. When the thickness is low, the SSL acts as a spacer layer, inhibiting the formation of streamwise vortices and thereby reducing the shear stress. The flow structures outside the SSL are stretched in the streamwise direction due to the increased velocity gradient. Within the SSL, the turbulence intensity diminishes dramatically. When the thickness is large, a streamwise wavy pattern of near-wall streaks is formed. The streak orientation is dominated by the mean shear-strain vector outside the viscous sublayer, and there is a phase difference between the streak orientation and local mean velocity vector. The streamwise scales of near-wall flow structures are reduced significantly, resulting in the disruption of downstream development of flow structures and hence leading to the drag reduction. Furthermore, it is found that it requires both large enough thickness of the SSL and velocity amplitude to relaminarize the turbulence. The relaminarization mechanism is that the annular SSL can absorb energy continuously from wall-normal stress due to the rotational effect, thereby the turbulence self-sustaining process cannot be maintained. For the relaminarization cases, the laminar state is stable to even extremely large perturbations, which possibly makes the laminar state the only fixed point for the whole system.
Who Made the White Gold? Exploring the Demographics of Iron Age Salt Production in England through Fingerprint Analysis
Authors: LAING MEREDITH
Published: November 2022

Ancient fingerprints preserved in clay artefacts can provide demographic information about the people who handled and manufactured them, leaving their marks as an accidental record of a moment’s interaction with material culture. The information extracted from these ancient impressions can shed light on the composition of communities of practice engaged in pottery manufacture. A key component of the process is a comparator dataset of fingerprints reflecting as closely as possible the population being studied. This paper describes the creation of a bespoke reference collection of modern data, the establishment of an interpretive framework for prehistoric fingerprints, and its application to assemblages of Iron Age briquetage from coastal salterns in eastern England. The results demonstrate that briquetage manufacture was constrained by age and sex.
What Can a Constructivist Say About Animal Ethics — Or Any Other Normative Question, for That Matter?
Authors: Soucy Guillaume
Published: November 2022

In Fellow Creatures, Christine Korsgaard claims that human beings ought to treat all sentient animals as ends in themselves. However, in this article, I argue that Korgaard's method goes beyond what a coherent constructivist conception allows, and I claim that we should therefore adopt a Humean rather than a Kantian version of constructivism. I believe that such a conception permits us to hold substantial ethical positions about non-human animals without having to compromise our ontological commitments.
Representations of disaster victimhood: Framing suffering and loss after the 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake
Authors: Marcussen Eleonor
Published: November 2022

This article seeks to address a thematic thread that remains relatively unexplored in historical disaster research—victimhood—through an analysis of publications by disaster relief funds and their supporters in the aftermath of the 1934 earthquake in Bihar in northern India. By examining the representations of victimhood, I aim to explore the historical significance of perceptions and constructions of victimhood in the late colonial period. Based on photographs, illustrations, and descriptions of suffering in images and texts, the article suggests that constructions of victimhood effectively relied on imagery that contained, on the one hand, an absence of bodies and, on the other, a feminized anthropomorphization of suffering. The narratives underlying such depictions of earthquake victims are based on a constitution of victimhood that relied on contemporary historical and culturally founded imageries. The analysis of images and texts focuses on how representations of disaster victims were effective in communicating suffering to audiences. I tentatively argue that historically and culturally founded tropes of what constituted a victim formed along two narratives of victimhood that appealed to a colonial and a nationalist readership respectively. These conceptualizations of victimhood formed the basis for collecting aid for relief and reconstruction, rather than the loss of life, dispossession, social marginalization, and displacement suffered by victims of the earthquake.