bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of Louis Menand's The Marketplace of Ideas
Authors: Miller William , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Louis Menand. The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University. New York: Norton, 2010. 174 p. ISBN 9780393339161. $14.95. Louis Menand looks at four crucial questions for the future of higher education in our country: “Why is it so hard to institute a general education curriculum? Why did the humanities disciplines undergo a crisis of legitimation? Why has interdisciplinary become a magic word? And why do professors all tend to have the same politics?” All four come together to show why our once heralded system of colleges and universities presently finds itself at a crossroads. While not addressed specifically by Menand, SCUs will especially feel the push to determine their role and how they will continue to fill their mission of low-cost, high quality, general education.
Book Review: The End of College: Creating the Future of Learning and the University of Everywhere
Authors: Henderson Bruce , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Review of Kevin Carey's The End of College: Creating the Future of Learning and the University of Everywhere.
Back Matter
Authors: null null , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

List of contributors.
Pegeen Reichert Powell. Retention & Resistance: Writing Instruction and Students Who Leave
Authors: McHenry Linda , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Pegeen Reichert Powell. Retention & Resistance: Writing Instruction and Students Who Leave. Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2013. 144 p. ISBN 9780874219302. $24.95 In Retention & Resistance: Writing Instruction and Students Who Leave, Pegeen Reichert Powell takes aim at the discourse of retention and argues faculty’s time spent on retention data is wasted: “The issue of retention reminds us of the forces in many of our students’ lives that we simply have no control over; their emotional and physical health, their financial situation, their family obligations, their changing desires and goals” (p. 13). Instead, she advocates for a kairotic pedagogy, in which faculty invest in learning students’ stories and “[treat] students who leave as individual problems to be solved, situations that require intervention” (p. 100). In its Greek root, “kairos” is about the right place in the right measure, and its importance to writing instruction has been argued by James Kinneavy and others. Reichert Powell offers three first-year composition student narratives from a grantfunded program where she served as coordinator of Student Faculty Partnership for Success. But rather than giving readers the stories of students who were successfully retained, Reichert Powell presents students whom her institution failed to retain. One of these students, Helen, left after her first semester. Another, Nathan, had been enrolled in a two-year college and a trade school but left to work full time. After losing his job, Nathan enrolled at Reichert Powell ’s college to continue his education. And the third, Cesar, left college after his first year. For Reichert Powell, the complex and unique circumstances of each of these students serves as justification for her suggestion that faculty and colleges and universities ought to do nothing institutionally to improve retention rates of students.
Front Matter
Authors: null null , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Published annually (both online and in hard copy) and fully peer-reviewed, Teacher-Scholar welcomes reflective essays that explore the satisfactions and/or frustrations of working at a State Comprehensive University (SCUs), studies of specific topics related to SCUs based on quantitative and/or qualitative research, and essays that focus on application. For further guidelines, please consult our website.
Review of Richard Arum's Academically Adrift: Limited Learning on Callege Campuses
Authors: Johnson Matthew , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

In Academically Adrift, Richard Arum and Josipa Roska ask a simple question: how much do students learn in the United States’ four-year colleges and universities? They suggest that the answer is “not much” (p. 34). In their study, forty-five percent of students showed no significant gain in “critical thinking, complex reasoning, and writing skills” (p. 36) during their first two years in college. After surveying course requirements and students’ study habits, the authors are not surprised by their findings.
Blended and Asynchronous Course Effectiveness in First-Year Composition: A Case Study
Authors: Reardon Daniel , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

As one campus of a four-campus state system, Missouri University of Science and Technology has been searching for ways to effectively integrate online courses across the curriculum. This search originally came in the form of a directive from higher administration, on both the university and system levels. Therein lay the first difficulty for us with online instruction. Specifically, online instruction’s value may be very different for university system administration than it is for each campus, each department, and each instructor. For many SCUs facing drastically reduced state funding, greater competition for student enrollment, and increased operating costs, online instruction may be viewed as something of a revenue panacea. Through online course offerings, campuses can reach far-flung populations of students unable to commute for face-to-face (F2F) instruction. Online courses may carry additional fees, thus producing another potential revenue source. Lastly, physical classroom space is often at a premium in SCUs; limited resources and limited space often conflict with a need to increase enrollments. Blended delivery methods can therefore relieve scheduling difficulties during peak course hours
Higher Education in the Digital Age, by William G. Bowen
Authors: Zvacek Susan , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

William G. Bowen. Higher Education in the Digital Age. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2013. ISBN 9780691159300. $26.95.This slim volume comprises William Bowen’s 2012 Tanner Lectures on Human Values at Stanford University, and includes responses from John Hennessy, President of Stanford; Howard Gardner, a Harvard University psychologist; Andrew Delbanco, Director of American Studies at Columbia University; and Daphne Koller, Stanford professor of computer science and co-founder of Coursera. Bowen presents two lectures, the first addressing “the cost disease” facing higher education, and the second discussing the prognosis that technology, specifically online education, can cure that disease, entering among other debates the efficacy of massive open online courses (MOOCs).
Preparing Students for Life Beyond College: A Meaning-Centered Vision for Holistic Teaching and Learning, by Robert Nash and Jennifer Jang
Authors: Hyatt Sally , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Robert J. Nash and Jennifer J. J. Jang. Preparing Students for Life Beyond College: A Meaning-Centered Vision for Holistic Teaching and Learning. Routledge, 2015. 190 p. ISBN 9781138815032. $38.95 In the book Preparing Students for Life Beyond College: A MeaningCentered Vision for Holistic Teaching and Learning, Robert J. Nash, professor at the University of Vermont, and Jennifer J. J. Jang, Director of Student Diversity at Champlain College, bring a philosophical perspective to student engagement, giving even the most seasoned professor and practitioner tested tactics to create what is described as “meaning-making” experiences for students. Meaning-making is a term developed throughout the book as, teaching students how to ask questions that help them pursue meaning in their life. Nash and Jang believe, “a college degree must do more than prepare students to earn a living; it must also prepare them to live a satisfying, meaning-filled life” (p. vii). As a resource for faculty and staff , the book provides examples and strategies throughout for constructing “holistic meaning-centered” student learning (p. ix).
Literary Learning: Teaching the English Major, by Sherry Lee Linkon
Authors: Bradshaw Charles , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Sherry Lee Linkon. Literary Learning: Teaching the English Major. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2011. xvi, 163p. ISBN 9780253223562. $24.95.As the lone instructor of our department’s Introduction to Literary Studies and Capstone courses (the only two courses we teach exclusively for English majors), I was comforted and excited to find a practical study devoted to seeing literature pedagogy through a literary lens, not an assessment rubric! Sherry Lee Linkon, a professor of English and American Studies at Youngstown State University, exposes the very ways English “experts” (literature professors) employ “literary knowledge” in their own scholarly and pleasurable interactions with texts. She goes on to suggest that professors can advance student learning and an appreciation for the complexity of literary analysis by appropriately employing this knowledge in assignment and course design. The value of Linkon’s book resides in its confident application of “literary thinking” to the literature classroom and even to the professional exigencies of faculty scholarship and assessment
RELAWAN DEMOKRASI PADA PEMILU TAHUN 2019 DI DISTRIK HERAM
Authors: Usman Syamsudin , Sahriani Sahriani , Klaru Apner
Published: February 2023

Tingkat partisipasi pemilih pada setiap Pemilu selalu mengalami pasang surut. Dinamika partisipasi pemilih ini merupakan salah satu indicator dalam mewujudkan demokrasi di sebuah negara. Peneletian ini bertujuan untuk melihat seberapa besar dampak dari dibentuknya relawan demokrasi untuk meningkatkan kesadaran pemilih menyampaikan hak konstitusinya dengan memberikan suaranya di tempat pemungutan suara (TPS).

Metode yang digunakan oleh penulis dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menentukan responden secara bertujuan sesuai dengan topik yang akan diteliti, merumuskan daftar pertanyaan yang akan digunakan saat wawancara dengan responden. Selain menggunakan Teknik wawancara, penulis juga menggunakan Teknik observasi dan studi literatur/kajian kepustakaan untuk memperkaya tulisan ini. Studi literatur/kajian Pustaka dengan menggunakan tulisan-tulisan sebelumnya yang ada relevansinya dengan topik yang diteliti selain buku-buku teks.

Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa relawan demokrasi merupakan salah satu upaya yang dilakukan oleh Komisi Pemilihan Umum (KPU) untuk meningkatkan partisipasi pemilih pada pemilu 2019. Namun demikian kelompok ini belum sepenuhnya dikenal oleh masyarakat umum terutama masyarakat yang ada di Distrik Heram. KPU Kota Jayapura belum memaksimalkan peran dari relawan domokrasi. Kecenderungan partisipasi pemilih di Distrik Heram yang meningkat tidak dikarenakan peran relawan demokrasi. untuk meningkatkan partisipasi pemilih pada Pemilu kedepannya maka relawan demokrasi harus di isi oleh sumberdaya manusia yang memahami seluk beluk tentang kepemiluan dan mempunyai kepedulian yang tinggi terhadap Pemilu. Selain relawan demokrasi, harus juga digunakan metode pendekatan melalui tokoh-tokoh pemuda, kaum perempuan, adat, agama, tokoh masyarakat dan lembaga-lembaga pendidikan secara masiv agar dapat meningkatkan partisipasi pemilih dalam Pemilu khusunya di Distrik Heram
Report on the Block Cipher Modes of Operation in the 800-38 Series
Authors: Mouha Nicky , Dworkin Morris
Published: February 2023

This report focuses on the NIST-recommended block cipher modes of operation specified in NIST Special Publications (SP) 800-38A through 800-38F. The goal is to provide a concise survey of relevant research results about the algorithms and their implementations. Based on these findings, the report concludes with a set of recommendations to improve the corresponding standards.
Experimenting on the Enactment of Predictive AI: The Quest for a Future Proactive Healthcare Sector
Authors: Henriksen Anne , Olesen Finn
Published: February 2023

Currently, a large number of AI projects are experimenting with the use of AI and big data for various purposes, especially in the public sector. In this article, we explore one such AI project. Specifically, we study a group of developers in Scandinavia and their efforts to enact predictive AI through the development of a clinical decision support system (CDSS) in pursuit of a future proactive healthcare sector. This yet-to-be system was envisioned to prevent unplanned hospitalizations by ‘turning’ what we term ‘potential patients’, i.e. the effective management of patient trajectories, in pursuit of a proactive healthcare sector. In the article, we investigate this particular project as an ‘experiment’ and conceptualize the developing CDSS as a ‘partially existing object’ with an uncertain ontological status. By studying the gradual enactment and emergence of the CDSS, we illuminate how this fuzzy data-driven object is performed and gradually attributed with solid reality: during its creation process, it advances from being a proactive device imagined to be used in primary healthcare to becoming a triage tool embedded in the prehospital emergency department. Along the way, the project developers are also transformed, learning what ‘moves’ and ‘actions’ to make, and, thereby, becoming skillful CDSS-operators. By using ‘experiment’ as our analytical lens, the article renders visible how persons, locations, and procedures have to be changed, revoked, and suspended in order for the AI project to succeed. Thus, the article contributes to showing how ‘social mangling’ is an essential precondition for predictive AI to succeed as a prolific solution to specific healthcare challenges, along with developers’ learning and transformation.
En styringsteknologi bliver til
Authors: Stilling Olesen Jesper
Published: February 2023

Hos  Michel  Foucault  og  Nikolas  Rose  er  magt  ikke  noget,  man  besid-­‐der, men noget der skal udføres og derfor betinget af handlinger og intentioner  hos  de,  som  søges  styret.  Alligevel  fremstilles  styringstek-­‐nologier i governmentality litteraturen ofte som mere eller mindre direkte afledt af beskrivelser i policy-­‐papirer. De interesserer sig først og  fremmest  for  at  studere,  hvordan  færdige  styringsteknologier  gri-­‐ber ind i menneskers liv og medvirker til, at subjekter bliver til på be-­‐stemte måder. En styringsteknologi har en tilblivelseshistorie, der er værd at beskrive. Denne artikel viser gennem en Latourinspireret ana-­‐lyse af en implementeringsproces, hvordan en lov udfoldes som trans-­‐lationer i et netværk. Analysen følger implementeringen af loven om pædagogiske  læreplaner  i  dagtilbud  med  henblik  på  at  identificere  koblinger mellem viden, magt og subjektivitet og andre aktanter, der danner  grundlag  for,  at  loven  kan  fungere  som  en  styringsteknologi  for arbejdet i dagtilbud. Analysen bidrager til en nuancering af vores forståelse  af  policy  som  flydende  og  med  et  element  af  uforudsigelig-­‐hed, som ikke indfanges af governmentalitystudier, der studerer lov-­‐givningsprocesser ud fra et styringseffektperspektiv.
Attending to Screens and Screenness
Authors: Ross  Winthereik Brit , A.  Lutz Peter , Suchman Lucy , Verran Helen
Published: February 2023

This special issue is a follow up on a PhD course entitled “Framing Screens: Knowledge, Interaction and Practice” held at the IT University of Copenhagen in the fall of 2010. Course participants from a variety of disciplines and countries joined the senior faculty who served as midwives for the births of new understandings and conceptualizations of screens.
The Responsive Raid
Authors: Boll Karen
Published: February 2023

The article investigates an instance of responsive regulation as a team of  inspectors  conducts  an  unannounced  raid. The raid takes  place in Denmark and its aim is to judge and regulate tax compliance in a number of small businesses. The article argues that different ‘logics of generalization’ is at play as inspectors as well as business owners value the state-­of-­affairs in the businesses. Furthermore, the article discusses how the inspectors are responsive in the raid. It argues that they are responsive – not primarily towards the behaviour of the taxpayers – but towards a general public. The article hereby engages in the debate concerning what responsive regulation is and how  it is played out in practice as the state regulates citizens and businesses. The overall analytical framework is inspired by Helen Verran’s notion of ‘relational  empiricism’, and the analysis is an example of how this analytic can be used as a heuristic to analyze ethnographic data.
How to attend to screens?
Authors: Ziewitz Malte
Published: February 2023

In this paper, I explore the question of how to attend to screens. Starting from the puzzling observation that screens seem both ubiquitously present and conspicuously absent in everyday life, I find that existing studies tend to take the analytic status of screens for granted and juxtapose them with a human user to theorize the relationship between the two. In an attempt to avoid such dualisms, I turn to recent work in Science and Technology Studies (STS) and focus on how screens are being enacted in practice. However, exploring a strategy of enactment in the context of a recent ethnography of webbased patient feedback produces mixed results. Perhaps most importantly, the salience of objects is not given in enactment, but itself contingently accomplished - a process in which the role of the researcher is easily overlooked. The paper concludes that a call to attend to screens as ‘objects of interest’ may thus be better understood as an invitation to engage with people and things in situations in which the notion of ‘screens’ may (or may not) provide a useful heuristic for orienting inquiry.
La importancia del factor humano en el cambio organizacional de la banca. Evolución y sistemática entre dos crisis.
Authors: Sáiz Sepúlveda Álvaro , Orden-Cruz Carmen , Prado Román Camilo
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: El presente estudio pretende poner de relieve la evolución operada en los tres bancos de tamaño sistémico en España, en el periodo de 11 años observado y que se enmarca entre dos grandes crisis, la primera conocida en España como “crisis del ladrillo”, y la segunda derivada de la pandemia de COVID-19. Se particulariza en el tratamiento y gestión de los recursos humanos, como motor de un cambio organizacional en el sector financiero dirigido, no solo a la reducción de costes, sino también a la revolución digital del negocio. Así, se pretende evidenciar la importancia del factor humano en el cambio organizacional de la banca. Metodología: Se ha empleado una metodología de análisis económico-financiero de datos y ratios contenidos en balances y memorias anuales, que dan cobertura a la información facilitada a accionistas y stakeholders.Resultados: El diseño evolutivo de la banca en cuanto a sus parámetros sigue una línea ya trazada, suponiendo cada una de las dos crisis con que nos encontramos una aceleración de procesos.Limitaciones: Un mayor número de entidades bancarias habría permitido generalizar lo indiciado en el estudio.Implicaciones prácticas: Facilitar el entendimiento de una determinada línea de actuación común a todas las entidades financieras, en la relación entre los recursos humanos y los resultados económicos.
Évolution du rapport au savoir dans le parcours d’apprentissage de jeunes adultes en situation de précarité
Authors: Bélisle Rachel , Turmel Hélène , Bourdon Sylvain
Published: February 2023

Cet article s’intéresse au parcours d’apprentissage de jeunes engagés dans leur passage à la vie adulte alors qu’ils sont exposés à la précarité. Nous mettons à l’épreuve le concept de rapport au savoir comme analyseur de leur parcours d’apprentissage dans un suivi longitudinal de quatre ou cinq ans. Ces jeunes sont rencontrés la première fois alors qu’ils ont entre 18 et 21 ans, qu’ils participent à un programme d’un organisme communautaire et qu’ils sont soutenus par l’aide financière de dernier recours de l’État. L’article montre qu’au fil du parcours les apprentissages lors de transitions sont d’abord réactifs et centrés sur la vie privée et qu’ils deviennent peu à peu plus proactifs orientés vers la vie publique et l’avenir.
Les milieux alternatifs de scolarisation au Québec : des stratégies adaptées aux parcours d’apprentissage des élèves en situation de vulnérabilité à la formation générale des adultes ?
Authors: Vidal Marjorie , Grossmann Sophie , Bourdon Sylvain
Published: February 2023

Cet article porte sur le rôle joué par les milieux alternatifs de scolarisation (MAS) dans les parcours d’apprentissage des jeunes adultes au Québec. Les MAS sont des établissements qui accueillent et scolarisent des élèves de 16 ans et plus ayant interrompu leur parcours d’enseignement régulier et se trouvant en situation de vulnérabilité. La réflexion s’appuie sur des études de cas dans trois MAS: une école de la rue, une école privée et un organisme de raccrochage scolaire. Elle s’articule autour des stratégies mises en place par les acteurs et actrices des MAS. La trame narrative souligne en quoi certaines pratiques proximales d’accompagnement permettent de s’adapter aux parcours non linéaires des élèves, les distinguant des établissements classiques comme les centres d’éducation des adultes.
« I can’t control my body, and it does all these things. » Penser le potentiel de (dé)construction des normes de genre et de représentation du désir au féminin dans les séries pour adolescent·e·s de la télévision en ligne
Authors: Boisvert Stéfany
Published: February 2023

Cet article propose une analyse de plusieurs séries pour adolescent·e·s originales, distribuées sur Netflix ou Amazon Prime, afin de réfléchir au potentiel de (dé)construction des scripts sexuels et de la représentation de l’agentivité sexuelle des jeunes femmes à l’ère de la télévision en ligne. Le teen drama est reconnu comme un genre télévisuel promouvant habituellement des récits hétéronormatifs, où les références à des sexualités et désirs queer demeurent souvent implicites. Plus encore, les séries pour ados tendent à reproduire une vision de la passivité sexuelle des adolescentes. Or, nous constatons une mutation de ces tendances narratives dans plusieurs séries pour adolescent·e·s produites pour Netflix et Amazon, ce qui laisse présager une transformation des scripts sexuels et une volonté de subvertir les visions normatives habituellement promues concernant la sexualité féminine. Nous observons ainsi une tendance plus grande à la représentation de l’assertivité et de l’agentivité sexuelles des jeunes femmes. Cependant, les représentations demeurent influencées par certaines normes culturelles qui circonscrivent les récits, les scripts sexuels et la représentation des corps. Cet article vise donc à poser un regard critique sur les ambivalences propres aux nouveaux teen dramas.
Cruise CAGE-17-3
Authors: Bünz Stefan
Published: February 2023

The overall goal of cruise CAGE 17-3 is to collect seismic, multibeam and water column data in an area along the northern flank of the Bear island trough and on the W-Svalbard margin. The objectives associated with the overall goal are to better understand the occurrence of gas hydrates and fluid leakage, the source of the gas in these systems, and seafloor expressions of fluid seepage. In order to address these objectives we plan to carry out:

2D and 3D P-Cable seismic and ocean-bottom seismic acquisition over a complex leakage and source-to-sink plumbing system in the Leirdjupet Fault complex in the SW Barents Sea;Recovery of one of CAGE’s ocean floor observatory from the crater area at the northern flank of the Bear Island Trough;Repeat of P-Cable 3D seismic acquisition on the eastern segment of the Vestnesa Ridge for time-lapse seismic studies of fluid flow and gas hydrates dynamics;2D multi-channel seismic for reconnaissance and stratigraphic correlation in the Molloy Ridge area;Multibeam mapping to fill in gaps and improve resolution of existing data using the upgraded EM302 system on R/V Helmer Hanssen

The cruise may be known as: CAGE17_3
CAGE17-4 Cruise Report: Recovery of observatory and water column survey offshore Svalbard
Authors: Ferré Bénédicte
Published: February 2023

The cruise was conducted from August 3rd to 5th 2017 as part of the Centre of Excellence for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate (CAGE) at UiT –The Arctic University of Norway.
The main goal of the cruise was to recover the observatory K-Lander 2 deployed in October 2016 offshore Svalbard, at the same location where OS2 was deployed in June 2015 and recovered in May 2016.
The present cruise also aimed at continuing the water samples and CTD survey on the shallow shelf and the shelf edge presenting extensive flares western Svalbard. The addressed scientific topics include quantification of methane concentration in the water column, temperature and salinity (via CTD casts), echosounder and multibeam signals and current (amplitude and direction).
The cruise may be known as: CAGE17_4
Machine learning and deep learning approaches in IoT
Authors: Javed Abqa , Awais Muhammad , Shoaib Muhammad , Khurshid Khaldoon S. , Othman Mahmoud
Published: February 2023

The internet is a booming sector for exchanging information because of all the gadgets in today’s world. Attacks on Internet of Things (IoT) devices are alarming as these devices evolve. The two primary areas of the IoT that should be secure in terms of authentication, authorization, and data privacy are the IoMT (Internet of Medical Things) and the IoV (Internet of Vehicles). IoMT and IoV devices monitor real-time healthcare and traffic trends to protect an individual’s life. With the proliferation of these devices comes a rise in security assaults and threats, necessitating the deployment of an IPS (intrusion prevention system) for these systems. As a result, machine learning and deep learning technologies are utilized to identify and control security in IoMT and IoV devices. This research study aims to investigate the research fields of current IoT security research trends. Papers about the domain were searched, and the top 50 papers were selected. In addition, research objectives are specified concerning the problem, which leads to research questions. After evaluating the associated research, data is retrieved from digital archives. Furthermore, based on the findings of this SLR, a taxonomy of IoT subdomains has been given. This article also identifies the difficult areas and suggests ideas for further research in the IoT.
Remote sensing technology for rapid extraction of burned areas and ecosystem environmental assessment
Authors: Zhang Shiqi , Bai Maoyang , Wang Xiao , Peng Xuefeng , Chen Ailin , Peng Peihao
Published: February 2023

Forest fires are one of the significant disturbances in forest ecosystems. It is essential to extract burned areas rapidly and accurately to formulate forest restoration strategies and plan restoration plans. In this work, we constructed decision trees and used a combination of differential normalized burn ratio (dNBR) index and OTSU threshold method to extract the heavily and mildly burned areas. The applicability of this method was evaluated with three fires in Muli County, Sichuan, China, and we concluded that the extraction accuracy of this method could reach 97.69% and 96.37% for small area forest fires, while the extraction accuracy was lower for large area fires, only 89.32%. In addition, the remote sensing environment index (RSEI) was used to evaluate the ecological environment changes. It analyzed the change of the RSEI level through the transition matrix, and all three fires showed that the changes in RSEI were stronger for heavily burned areas than for mildly burned areas, after the forest fire the ecological environment (RSEI) was reduced from good to moderate. These results realized the quantitative evaluation and dynamic evaluation of the ecological environment condition, providing an essential basis for the restoration, decision making and management of the affected forests.
Construction and validation of a fatty acid metabolism-related gene signature for predicting prognosis and therapeutic response in patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Zhao Hongjun , Wu Tong , Luo Zehao , Huang Qinyao , Zhu Sihua , Li Chunling , Zhang Zubing , Zhang Jiahao , Zeng Jianwen , Zhang Yuying
Published: February 2023

Background

Reprogramming of fatty acid metabolism is a newly-identified hallmark of malignancy. However, no studies have systematically investigated the fatty acid metabolism related-gene set in prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods

A cohort of 381 patients with gene expression and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas was used as the training set, while another cohort of 90 patients with PCa from GEO (GSE70769) was used as the validation set. Differentially expressed fatty acid metabolism-related genes were subjected to least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-Cox regression to establish a fatty acid metabolism-related risk score. Associations between the risk score and clinical characteristics, immune cell infiltration, tumor mutation burden (TMB), tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) score, and response to chemotherapy were analyzed. Finally, the expression level of genes included in the model was validated using real-time PCR.

Results

A prognostic risk model based on five fatty acid metabolism related genes (ALDH1A1, CPT1B, CA2, CROT, and NUDT19) were constructed. Tumors with higher risk score were associated with larger tumor size, lymph node involvement, higher Gleason score, and poorer biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival. Furthermore, the high- and low-risk tumors exhibited distinct immune cell infiltration features and immune-related pathway activation. High-risk tumors were associated with favorable response to immunotherapy as indicated by high TMB and low TIDE score, but poor response to bicalutamide and docetaxel chemotherapy.

Conclusion

This study established a fatty acid metabolism-related gene signature which was predictive of BCR and response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy, providing a novel therapeutic biomarker for PCa.
Effects of Duct Height and Fire Location on Fire Phenomena of Enclosure with Two Horizontal Vents Installed on Ceiling
Authors: Park Yu Mi , Lee Chi Young
Published: February 2023

The effects of duct height (DH) and fire location (FL) in an enclosure on the mass flow rate and flow pattern of horizontal vent (HV) flow and temperature distribution in the enclosure were investigated through numerical simulations under the condition that two HVs were installed on the ceiling of the enclosure. To evaluate the effect of DH, DHs of HV1 were set to 0.19 m (HV1_DH0.19) and 0.05 m (HV1_DH0.05) under the condition that DH of HV2 was 0.05 m (HV2_DH0.05). The effect of FL was evaluated in three cases where the fire sources were located in the center of the floor (F LC), below HV1 (F L1), and below HV2 (F L2). With respect to the DH effect, the total mass flow rate of the vent flow was slightly higher and temperature was slightly lower in the case of HV1_DH0.19 than that in the case of HV1_DH0.05. However, considering the error bars, the effect of DH in this numerical simulation condition was considered to be insignificant. Furthermore, bidirectional flow patterns appeared in HV1 and HV2 in both DH conditions. Meanwhile, with respect to the FL effect, a bidirectional flow dominated by the mass flow rate of outflow occurred in the HV where the fire source was located, and a unidirectional inflow dominated by the mass flow rate of inflow occurred in the HV where the fire source was not located. The total mass flow rates of FL1 and FL2 conditions were similar, which were higher than those of FLC condition. The temperature was higher in FLC than those in FL1 and FL2. This was due to the small mass flow rate through the HV in the FLC. Meanwhile, an increasing trend of the temperature with the rising measurement height from the floor was observed at most of the temperature measurement points. However, when the fire source was located below HV1 and HV2, as the height from the floor increased, the temperature decreased and the overall temperature was low at the temperature measurement points below the vent where the fire source was not located. This trend was attributed to the occurrence of a strong unidirectional inflow wherein a large volume of low-temperature air flowed into the enclosure from the HV where the fire source was not located.
Location Recognition of Indoor Firefighting Facilities based on RGB-D Camera and 3D LiDAR
Authors: Jeon Ji Hun , Oh Da-Som , Hong Sang Gi , Lee Kang Bok
Published: February 2023

Recently, as fires frequently occur in large buildings, digital twin (DT) technology that enables remote and real-time monitoring and control similar to the real world environment is being studied as a disaster response technology in buildings. In order to use DT technology, it is essential to collect the spatial data of actual building indoor environments and firefighting facilities. This study proposes an indoor spatial data collecting system that can generate the modeling data inside the building and location data of firefighting facilities using laser imaging detection and ranging (LiDAR) and RGB-D cameras. First, point clouds from three-dimensional (3D) LiDAR and the FAST-LIO2 (Fast LiDAR-Inertial Odometry) algorithm are used to obtain odometry information in an indoor environment. The firefighting facilities located inside the building are detected using RGB images and the deep learning model Faster region-based convolutional neural network (R-CNN) with Inception V2 architecture trained using RGB images of four types of firefighting facilities: fire extinguishers, fire hydrants, exit signs, and fire detectors. When a firefighting facility is detected, the relative distance between the RGB-D camera and the firefighting facility is calculated through the depth image and intrinsic parameters of the RGB-D camera. Afterwards, odometry information obtained from FAST-LIO2 and the relative distance are combined to obtain the 3D location of the firefighting facility. Point clouds of the FAST-LIO2 algorithm are then converted into models of the building indoor environment. Through this method, spatial data of an actual building can be constructed and used with DT technology.
Doxycycline-resistant Scrub Typhus in a Syndromic Child
Authors: Margaret Priya , Kumar S Ramitha Enakshi , Revathi V
Published: February 2023

Scrub Typhus, a human febrile illness caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is common in Asia and infects persons those visiting the endemic areas. Scrub typhus is a zoonotic infection. It is transmitted by a trombiculid mite which introduces the bacteria by its bite. Scrub typhus is associated with maculopapular rashes and local and/or generalised lymphadenopathy.It is characterised by eschar at the site of the bite. A child with doxycycline-resistant scrub typhus is being presented here. A 10-year-old female child was bought to the hospital with complaints of fever for six days, cough for three days, loose stools for two days, and vomiting for one day duration. S1 and S2 sounds were heard while bilateral vesicular breath sounds were normal. There was no hepatosplenomegaly and Central Nervous System (CNS) examination showed no focal neurologic deficits. Investigations showed a normal leukocyte count and Differential Leucocyte Count (DLC), microcytic hypochromic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, hyponatremia, and elevated liver enzymes. Scrub Immunoglobulin M (IgM) was positive. Chest radiograph showed a bell-shaped chest with vertical straightening of ribs. The child was started on intravenous (i.v.) fluids, Doxycycline 4 mg/kg, and paracetamol. The child continued to spike fever at day 6 of Doxycycline and hence was started on Azithromycin 10 mg/kg, following which the fever subsided and the child was discharged.
Assessment of Two Plant-Based Materials as Alternative Attractant of Honeybees (Apis Mellifera adansonii) for Production of Honey and Other Hive Products in Awka, Nigeria
Authors: Chidi Mr. C. A. , Mogbo T. C. , Akunne C. E.
Published: February 2023

Aim: Honey is the earliest sweetener human beings have found. The values of honey are too numerous, such as food source, raw material for industries and as symbol employed in therapeutic ceremonies, but it’s availability and supply through traditional honey hunting remain a major constraint to its production and supply. This Field trials assessed the efficacy of Aidan fruit (Tetrapleura tetraptera) extract and Pineapple juice as alternative baits of honeybees (Apis mellifera adansonii) for the production of honey and other hive products.

Study Design: Completely Randomized Design.

Place and Duration of Study: Honeybee Research Centre of the Department of Zoology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B.5025, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria, between July 2020 and February, 2022.

Methodology: Phytochemical analyses of the two plant-based materials were conducted in the laboratory using standard scientific methods. A total of 9 hives divided into 3 treatment groups: A1-3; P1-3 and H1-3 were used for the study. All the experimental hives were installed at the apiary unit of the HRC and monitored daily until colonization occurred.

Data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) while sample means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at 5% significant level (P = 0.05).

Results: The results revealed that the trial baits contained moderate (++) presence of terpenoids as phytochemical component responsible for attracting bees. The results revealed also that the hives treated with the trial baits recorded equal rates of colonization of 66.67% as against the control which recorded 100% respectively.

Conclusion: The results suggest that these two plant-based materials can serve as alternative attractants of honeybees in beekeeping for the production of honey and other hive products.
Impact of Optimizing Critical Care Resources in Pediatric Surgery Patients
Authors: Seiam Nora Mohammed , Nofal Ahmed Hassan , Harkan Ahmed Ibrahim , Muhammad Khaled Talaat
Published: February 2023

Background: Prediction scores could help to timely identify patients at risk. More intense care monitoring outside the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) could improve outcomes. These concepts of critical care without borders could be implemented shortly with local resources and improve patient safety. Predict more, do less in PICUs, and more in the ward. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of prediction scores for identification of postoperative high risk surgical patients and their need for pediatric intensive care unit admission.

Methods: This prospective study was carried out on 40 pediatric patients. The studied patients were divided into three groups. LR Group: 14 cases with ASA = 1, 2 PEWS ≤ 2, pSOFA ≤ 7, LqSOFA < 2. IR Group: 10 cases with PEWS = 3, 4 pSOFA = 8 -11 HiR Group: 16 cases with ASA = 3 -5, PEWS ≥ 5, pSOFA ≥ 12, LqSOFA ≥ 2. American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) scoring was obtained from each patient preop. The Pediatric Early Warning (PEWS) Scoring was obtained from each patient immediately postop. The Pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (pSOFA) Scoring was obtained from patients admitted to PICU on day 1 and day 7. Liverpool quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (LqSOFA) scoring was obtained from all patients on admission.

Results: Regarding prognostic performance of different scores to predict mortality.  For ASA score: it was statistically significant with AUC = .882, cut off values > 3, sensitivity = 75%, specificity = 88.89%, PPV = 42.9% and NPV = 97%. -For PEW score: it was statistically significant with AUC = .892, cut off values > 5, sensitivity = 79%, specificity = 80.56%, PPV =30% and NPV = 96.7%.  -For pSOFA score: it was statistically significant with AUC = .931, cut off values > 14, sensitivity = 85%, specificity = 86.11%, PPV =37.5%, and NPV = 96.9%. All ASA, PEW, and pSOFA were statistically significant as univariate but none was significant as multivariate.

Conclusions:  ASA score, pSOFA score and PEWS score were significant predictor to length of stay (>21 days). ASA score, PEW score and pSOFA score were significant as predictor to mortality. ASA score and PEWS score were highly significant as to predict PICU Admission postop. PEWS score was highly significant as to predict PICU Admission postop. ASA, PEWs, and pSOFA were predictors for LOS for more than 21 days, predictors of mortality and predictors for PICU admission Postop. Decreased platelets and increased WBCs, urea, creatinine, AST, and RBG were significant with HiR. LqSOFA is a simple variable bedside tool for identifying septic patients at high risk for poor outcomes.
Excess Mortality Among US Physicians During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kiang Mathew V. , Carlasare Lindsey E. , Thadaney Israni Sonoo , Norcini John J. , Zaman Junaid A. B. , Bibbins-Domingo Kirsten
Published: February 2023

This cross-sectional study examines the death rates among active and nonactive physicians aged 45 to 84 years.
It’s Time to Rebrand “Mommy Brain”
Authors: McCormack Clare , Callaghan Bridget L. , Pawluski Jodi L.
Published: February 2023

This Viewpoint discusses the concept of “mommy brain” and why it needs to change.
Controlled Cascade‐Release and High Selective Sterilization by Core–Shell Nanogels for Microenvironment Regulation of Aerobic Vaginitis
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Wang Yiting , Tang Mengteng , Wang Xiaoyi , Xue Wei , Zhang Xiao , Wang Yuxia , Lee Wen‐Hui , Wang Yingshuai , Sun Tong‐Yi , Gao Yuanyuan , Li Li‐Li
Published: February 2023

Aerobic vaginitis (AV) is a gynecological disease associated with vaginal flora imbalance. The nonselective bactericidal nature of antibiotics and low customization rate of probiotic supplementation in existing treatments lead to AV recurrence. Here, a drug delivery strategy is proposed that works with the changing dynamics of the bacterial flora. In particular, a core–shell nanogel (CSNG) is designed to encapsulate prebiotic inulin and antimicrobial peptide Cath 30. The proposed strategy allows for the sequential release of both drugs using gelatinase produced by AV pathogenic bacteria, initially selectively killing pathogenic bacteria and subsequently promoting the proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the vagina. In a simulated infection environment in vitro, the outer layer of CSNGs, Cath 30 is rapidly degraded and potently killed the pathogenic bacterium Staphylococcus aureus at 2–6 h. CSNGs enhances proliferation of the beneficial bacterium Lactobacillus crispatus by more than 50% at 24 h. In a rat AV model, the drug delivery strategy precisely regulated the bacterial microenvironment while controlling the inflammatory response of the vaginal microenvironment. This new treatment approach, configured on demand and precisely controlled, offers a new strategy for the treatment of vaginal diseases.
Enhancing the Management of Metastatic Tumors by Robust Co‐Delivery of 5‐Fluorouracil/MicroRNA‐10b Inhibitor Using EGFR‐Targeted Nanovehicles
Authors: Wang Di , Wang Liwei , Zheng Liming , Chen Jiaxin , Zhang Wei , Zhou Wei , Yang Xiaobo , Jiang Lifeng , Jin Xiaoqiang , Yu Xiaohua , Liu Xin , Chen Heng , Xu Jianbin
Published: February 2023

Invasion and metastasis are the leading causes of death of patients with CRC. 5‐Fluorouracil is widely used in clinic practice as the basic chemotherapy drug for CRC. However, it is inefficient in inhibiting tumor metastasis. MicroRNA‐10b is uninvolved in regulating the growth of primary tumors; however, it could induce early tumor metastases and is a key regulator of chemotherapeutic resistance to 5‐FU. A multifunctional nanovehicle that can carry small molecule drugs not only through the hydrophobic pockets of conjugated β‐cyclodextrin but also through electrostatic interaction between the conjugated peptides and siRNA to target functional genes is previously developed. In this study, a nanovehicle, named GCD, with epithelium growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐targeted characteristics to simultaneously deliver chemotherapeutic and nucleotide drugs to distinct targets in CRC, is employed. These data show that co‐delivery of 5‐FU and anti‐miR‐10b can be effectively applied to targeted therapy of EGFR‐overexpressed CRC, particularly inhibiting the metastasis of CRC. Furthermore, the therapeutic effect of this combination on tumor xenograft models derived from patients with CRC is evaluated. Taken together, this study may provide insights into the inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis simultaneously.
Tumor‐Targeting Near‐Infrared Dimeric Heptamethine Cyanine Photosensitizers with an Aromatic Diphenol Linker for Imaging‐Guided Cancer Phototherapy
Authors: Xu Yang , Yu Jiaying , Hu Jinzhong , Sun Kai , Lu Wenjun , Zeng Fenglian , chen Jian , liu Min , Cai Zhuoer , He Xiaofan , Wei Wanying , Sun Baiwang
Published: February 2023

Phototherapy is considered a promising alternative to conventional tumor treatments due to its noninvasive modality and effective therapeutic effect. However, designing a photosensitizer with satisfactory therapeutic effect and high security remains a considerable challenge. Herein, a series of dimeric heptamethine cyanine photosensitizers with an aromatic diphenol linker at the meso position is developed to improve the photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE). Thanks to the extended conjugate system and high steric hindrance, the screened 26NA‐NIR and 44BP‐NIR exhibit high PCE (≈35%), bright near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence, excellent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation capability, and improved photostability. Furthermore, their outstanding performance on imaging‐guided PDT–PTT synergistic therapy is demonstrated by in vivo and in vitro experiments. In conclusion, this study designs a series of dimeric heptamethine cyanine photosensitizers and presents two compounds for potential clinical applications. The strategy provides a new method to design NIR photosensitizers for imaging‐guided cancer treatment.
Reversible Perspiring Artificial “Fingertips”
Authors: Zhang Dongyu , Peixoto Jacques , Zhan Yuanyuan , Astam Mert O. , Bus Tom , van der Tol Joost J. B. , Broer Dirk J. , Liu Danqing
Published: February 2023

Fingertip perspiration is a vital process within human predation, to which the species owes its survival and its biological success. In this paper, the unique human ability of extensive perspiration and controlled friction in self‐assembled cholesteric liquid crystals is recreated, mimicking the natural processes that occur in the dermis and epidermis of human skin. This is achieved by inducing porosity in responsive, liquid‐bearing material through the controlled‐polymerization phase‐separation process. The unique topography of human fingerprints is further emulated in the materials by balancing the parallel chirality‐induced force and the perpendicular substrate‐anchoring force during synthesis. As a result, artificial fingertips are capable of secreting and re‐absorbing liquid upon light illumination. By demonstrating the function of the soft material in a tribological aspect, it exhibits a controllable anti‐sliding property comparable to human fingertips and subsequently attains a higher degree of biomimicry. This biomimetic fingertip is envisioned being applied in a multitude of fields, ranging from biomedical instruments to interactive, human‐like soft robotic devices.