bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASEAN Mechanism for Human Security Problems in Southeast Asia: What's Wrong?
Authors: Puspita Natalia Yeti
Published: February 2021

Since the flow of goods and services begins to cross national borders, threats to human security do not originate solely from war. The era of traditional security has begun to shift towards non-traditional security or human security. In this concept, threats to security are directed directly at humans such as natural disasters, epidemics, drugs and human trafficking, and terrorism. Southeast Asia is the region most vulnerable to natural disasters. Relations between countries in this region are under the auspices of ASEAN. ASEAN Way is an ASEAN mechanism based on the principle of state sovereignty and non-intervention. ASEAN Way and Human Security are two different concepts. The ASEAN mechanism cannot be applied absolutely to overcome natural disasters that are massive, cross-border and occur in areas of armed conflict in Southeast Asia. In this case, it is necessary to broaden understanding of the nature of the principle of state sovereignty and non-intervention.Keywords: ASEAN Mechanism, Human Security, Southeast Asia
Efforts to Achieve Legal Justice in Social Conflict Resolution in Register 45 Mesuji Lampung
Authors: Seregig I Ketut
Published: February 2021

This research focuses on efforts to provide solutions in resolving social conflicts that occur between the community and the company PT Silva Inhutani at Register 45 in Mesuji Lampung, which has been running for 14 years (2005-2019), but within that period there has not been a comprehensive settlement. This article is one of the solutions in realizing legal justice so that social conflicts in the Register 45 Mesuji Lampung do not cause futile casualties. We also found that monopolistic practices were carried out by the company in implementing the partnership policy issued by the government and the practice of intimidation by the company using thugs to ban and evict land that was worked on by the community at the Register 45 Mesuji Lampung. Some of the most successful references in resolving social conflicts found by journal authors, they are Pham Huu Ty et al (2013), Rafael Reuveny et al (2007), Franks et al (2014), Ismael Rafols et al (2012), Buijs et al. (2012) 2013), Lambin et al (2001) and Pauline E. Piters (2004), whose research was carried out in countries; Vietnam, Latin America, England and Africa. The approach used in resolving social conflicts is the "legal justice" approach between the community and the company.Keywords: Solution, Social Conflict, Register Land, societies, company.
ANALISIS ASSESMENT SALES RATIO PADA NILAI JUAL OBJEK PAJAK DENGAN ZONA NILAI TANAH TERHADAP STANDAR YANG DITETAPKAN IAAO
Authors: Baisaku Nurul Azizah , Guswanto Bambang Hendriya , Linawati Dian
Published: February 2021

Land values in NJOP used as a basis for taxing land are often different from land values in the Land Value Zone (ZNT). The difference in land values contained in the NJOP and ZNT causes uncertainty about local tax revenue and creates injustice for the government and the community. Based on this, an analysis of Assesment Sales Ratio (ASR) is used to determine the determination of land values in NJOP with ZNT against the standard size determined by the International Association of Assessing Officers (IAAO). The results of the ASR analysis show that the determination of NJOP in Pamijahan Village, Plumbon District, Cirebon Regency is outside the standard range set by the IAAO, which is 0.90 to 1.10 (90% -110%). This can be seen from the results of the measurement of central tendency, which is a mean of 10.53%, a median of 0.1037, and a weighted mean of 6.136%. The comparisons between components of the measurement results of the central tendency indicate the occurrence of regressivity or downtrend. The Assessment Ratio in Pamijahan Village, Plumbon District, Cirebon Regency also did not show good uniformity, as indicated by a COD value of 0.66% and a COV value of 70.02% which were outside the standard set by IAAO i.e. the minimum and maximum values for COD and COV are 5% and 20%, respectively.
UJI HIPOTESIS KOMPARATIF UJI HIPOTESIS KOMPARATIF VOLUME PENUMPANG KERETA API INDONESIA KELAS EKONOMI DAOP 5 PURWOKERTO SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH COVID-19
Authors: Sheilliarika Wella Ayu , Maryani Sri , Efendi Hendi
Published: February 2021

Director General of the World Health Organization (WHO) Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus officially announced the coronavirus (COVID-19) as a pandemic, on March 11, 2020. To prevent the spread of coronavirus in Indonesia a Work From Home (WFH) policy, Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) was made. , as well as limiting the mobility of people from one area to another. One of them is PT Kereta Api Indonesia which directly reduces the number of long-distance train trips. Because of the dangers of the coronavirus and the issuance of government policies, citizens swiftly comply with the policies that have been issued. Therefore, it is necessary to know whether there is an influence on the passenger volume of the economi class Train (KA) before and after the Covid-19. The method used for known data is the Comparative Hypothesis Test. The decision obtained was that there was an influence on the volume of economi class train passengers before and after the Covid-19.
Nipping Adipocyte Inflammation in the Bud
Authors: Griffin Michael J.
Published: February 2021

Adipose tissue inflammation continues to represent a significant area of research in immunometabolism. We have identified a transcription factor, EBF1, which crucially regulates the expression of numerous inflammatory loci in adipocytes. However, EBF1 appears to do so without physically binding to these inflammatory genes. Our research is currently focused on understanding this discrepancy, and we believe that future findings could pave the road for drug development aimed to block adipose inflammation at its source.
Long-Term Trends of Hazel Grouse (Tetrastes bonasia) in the Bohemian Forest (Šumava), Czech Republic, 1972-2019
Authors: Klaus Siegfried , Ludwig Tobias
Published: February 2021

The population dynamics of Hazel Grouse was studied by presence/ absence recording at stationary sites along fixed routes (110 km) during 1972-2019 in the central part of the Bohemian Forest (Šumava, Czech Republic). The 100-km² study area covered altitudes between 600 m (Rejstejn) and 1,253 m a.s.l., (mount Sokol). Our data base contained indices of Hazel Grouse occupancy: positive sites/ controlled sites for a yearly increasing number of Hazel Grouse occurrence sites (N = 134) for 48 years. We used a loglinear Poisson-regression method to analyze the long-term population trend for Hazel Grouse in the study area. In the period 1972 to 2006 we found a stable Hazel Grouse population (p = 0.83). From 2006-2007 to 2019, the population index dropped (-3.8% per year, p < 0.05) for the last 13 years. This decline is assumed to be influenced by habitat loss due to succession resulting in older, more open forest stands, by strongly increasing forestry and windstorm “Kyrill” followed by clear cutting, bark-beetle damage, and removal of pioneer trees in spruce plantations, which diminished buds and catkins, the dominant winter food. The influence of disturbance by increasing touristic activities and/or predation is discussed. Our results could help to optimize conservation efforts for Hazel Grouse in the Bohemian Forest.
On Group Property of Hassani Transforms and Relativity Principle in Hassani Kinematics
Authors: Grushka Yaroslav
Published: February 2021

In the present paper, based on the ideas of Algerian physicist M.E. Hassani, the generalized Hassani spatio-temporal transformations in real Hilbert space are introduced. The original transformations, introduced by M.E. Hassani, are the particular cases of the transformations, introduced in this paper. It is proven that the classes of generalized Hassani transforms do not form a group of operators in the general case. Further, using these generalized Hassani transformations as well as the theory of changeable sets and universal kinematics, the mathematically strict models of Hassani kinematics are constructed and the performance of the relativity principle in these models is discussed.
An Emergency Management Doctrine
Authors: Redman David
Published: February 2021

Emergency Management has not developed in a cohesive or comprehensive manner. Differing terms are used to name identical concepts. A standard comprehensive doctrine for the important development of emergency management is needed. In this paper I explain a doctrinal framework for emergency management. The paper states a clear identification of the five dimensions, and each of their components, necessary to the informed practice of Emergency Management. Although emergencies vary in cause and severity, the process of Emergency Management necessary for optimal handling of these emergencies varies little. The “All Hazards Approach” to emergency management establishes and reinforces commonality in processes, procedures, planning templates and organizational structure. The three types of agencies associated with emergency management activities are discussed, including the subject matter agency, coordinating agency, and supporting agency. The four critical functions of emergency management are detailed, and include mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery, often all carried out concurrently. The ten activities, and seven resources of emergency management are highlighted. There are many ways to represent the integration of these five dimensions, to ensure completeness, while ensuring clarity; the two most common are described. When experts in Emergency Management follow the doctrine, they can coordinate all those involved to be sure that all aspects of any hazard are considered, and that all organizations/agencies, functions, activities, and resources of Emergency Management are coordinated and optimally active. Following this process is the only way to ensure the best outcomes from any emergency.
Regional aspects of humanitarization of university education
Authors: Sergeeva Marina Georgiyevna , Vlasyuk Irina Vyacheslavovna , Borytko Nikolai Mikhailovich , Podolskaya Marina Nikolaevna , Kanishcheva Lyudmila Nikolaevna
Published: February 2021

Modern university education in Russia requires multidimensional changes. One of the main directions is the optimization of the educational environment, in particular the management system. First of all, changes should take place at the level of education managers, who combine the qualities of a teacher, manager and psychologist. This necessity explains the increased requirements for the educational management. On the one hand, an important aspect is the competence of educational managers, on the other hand, we should deal with the system of interaction between managers and other participants of the university educational environment. Only a harmonious combination of these factors allows the university to function at the proper level. The problem of communication management in educational institutions is one of the most significant in the field of higher education. Communication is seen as one of the main resources for the development and growth of any organization. Communication as the process of sharing knowledge and information significantly affects the efficiency of an organization. The challenge of communication management is primarily in the fact that there are no clear criteria for monitoring the communication environment. This fact actualizes the problems of empirical research of communication management in the university education system. The most important dimension of optimization is the improvement of the communication environment, associated with the competence of employees and the system of their interaction. Thus, optimization of the communication environment makes it possible not only to improve management and communication processes, but also has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the university as a whole.
Tourist attractiveness of voivodeships in Poland in the light of selected indicators: a dynamic approach
Authors:   University of Lodz, Magdalena Grzelak Maria , Roszko-Wójtowicz Elżbieta ,   University of Lodz
Published: February 2021

Nowadays, the importance of tourism is increasingly growing. Tourism contributes to socio-economic development and increases gross domestic product (GDP), which is manifested in its capacity to create new jobs, reduce unemployment, stimulate investment and budget revenues, redistribute income from richer to poorer regions, and increase the quality of life of local communities. The main purpose of the paper is to assess the tourist potential of Poland and its individual voivodeships in the years 2010-2019 on the basis of selected indices of the tourism function. The empirical section is based on an analysis of the value of six indices of the tourism function development, including, among others, the Schneider, Defert and Charvat indices, etc. The values of the indices obtained for the tourism function development have confirmed the positive changes taking place in the tourism sector in Poland over the last ten years. In 2019, the average number of bed-places per 100 inhabitants in Poland was 2.22 (Baretje-Defert index). The values of the Charvat and Schneider indices also illustrate the positive changes in the tourism sector in Poland. In 2019, on average, approx. 244 tourist overnight stays were provided per 100 inhabitants, and on average there were approx. 93 tourists per 100 inhabitants. In conclusion, with each passing year, the values of indices representing the tourism function development have increased, which in the context of the country’s untapped tourist potential should be encouraging. Unfortunately, this positive trend has been hampered by the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic. Therefore, it appears even more necessary to carry out further analyses of the tourism sector. The ongoing monitoring of changes in the values of the tourism function development indices can actually contribute to the development of adequate measures to minimise the effects of the pandemic on the economy and society, including the tourism industry.
Consolidación como buena práctica docente: la metodología AICLE en el desarrollo de la docencia en el grado de turismo de la Universidad de Córdoba
Authors: Pedraza Rodríguez José Antonio
Published: February 2021

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo consolidar la metodología AICLE para continuar favoreciendo el desarrollo del itinerario bilingüe que comenzó en el grado de turismo en el curso 2017/2018. Se trata de un trabajo académico que como proyecto de innovación docente ocupa a un gran número de estudiantes, asignaturas en todos los cursos. La aplicación del proyecto desde su origen está contribuyendo también a la participación e implicación de los estudiantes en este tipo de actividades, así como a contar con docentes interesados y mejor entrenados para poner en marcha contenidos en inglés.
DLAB2: innovación educativa con TIC para una vida saludable de los escolares europeos
Authors: Casal Otero Lorena , Cebreiro Beatriz , Fernández Morante Carmen
Published: February 2021

El proyecto europeo competitivo Digital Learning Across Boundaries 2 (DLAB2) se centra en el diseño de una formación innovadora para que el alumnado europeo de Educación Primaria sea el protagonista del cambio social utilizando las tecnologías como herramientas. El primer año del proyecto (2019-20) tuvo como objetivo la formación de los alumnos/as de los distintos centros educativos europeos como agentes de cambio, capaces de generar hábitos de vida saludable entre iguales apoyándose en el uso de diferentes tecnologías. En el proyecto participaron maestros/as en activo, estudiantes de formación inicial del profesorado (Grado de Educación Primaria) y profesorado de las Facultades de Educación (formadores del profesorado). Tras la experimentación de la propuesta del año 1, se indagó el impacto generado en los escolares. La metodología de investigación aplicada es cualitativa empleando instrumentos de observación, incidentes críticos, registros audiovisuales y entrevistas. La experiencia ha resultado muy satisfactoria para los escolares que consideran que, tras su participación en el proyecto, son más conscientes de la necesidad de tener una vida más saludable y, además, comprenden la importancia de convertirse en agentes que motivan que otros iguales adquieran una vida más sana.
Gestión dinámica de la acción tutoria en la Universidad de Córdoba
Authors: Morales de Luna Tomás , Albujer Brotons Alma L. , Garres Díaz José , Herrera Fernández Jónatan
Published: February 2021

En este trabajo se analiza el uso de herramientas para la planificación y reserva de tutorías, así como para la realización de las mismas de forma virtual por parte de los estudiantes de diversos grados de la Universidad de Córdoba a lo largo del curso 2019/2020. Estas herramientas permiten, tanto al alumnado como al profesorado, un mayor aprovechamiento de su tiempo y una gestión dinámica de la acción tutorial. Además, su aplicación resultó al final esencial por la situación generada por la COVID-19, siendo necesario la virtualización, no solo de las tutorías, sino también de toda la docencia. Tras finalizar el curso 2019/2020, en el cual se tenía prevista esta experiencia, se ha encuestado al estudiantado sobre las herramientas utilizadas. Se ha obtenido una valoración muy satisfactoria de su uso, concluyendo que no sólo facilita el acceso a tutorías, sino que se trata de un sistema sencillo y cómodo. Esto queda reflejado en el hecho de que los encuestados recomiendan extender este sistema a otras asignaturas y finalidades, tales como la revisión de exámenes.
PENGARUH PERKECAMBAHAN GABAH TERHADAP RENDEMEN, KUALITAS FISIK DAN NILAI SENSORI BERAS
Authors: Rahman Andi Nur Faidah , Asfar Muhammad , Suwandi Nurhadi
Published: February 2021

Beras merupakan makanan utama orang Indonesia. Oleh sebab itu produksi beras yang bermutu sangat penting untuk memenuhi asupan gizi masyarakat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang berjudul pengaruh perkecambahan terhadap peningkatan mutu beras, bahwa perkecambahan gabah sebelum digiling menjadi beras dapat meningkatkan nilai gizi beras. Namun belum diketahui efek dari perkecambahan gabah terhadap rendemen, kualitas fisik dan nilai sensori beras. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh perkecambahan gabah terhadap rendemen, kualitas fisik (persentase beras kepala, beras patah, dan beras menir) dan nilai sensori (warna, aroma, rasa, dan tekstur) nasi dari beras yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap satu faktorial. Apabila data hasil analisis statistik berbeda nyata maka akan dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen beras setelah dikecambahkan mengalami penurunan. Panjang kecambah berpengaruh sangat nyata pada taraf 1% terhadap kualitas fisik beras seperti persentase beras kepala, beras patah dan beras menir, dan berpengaruh nyata pada taraf 5% terhadap parameter warna dan rasa nasi. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian adalah semakin panjang kecambah gabah, maka rendemen, kualitas fisik dan nilai sensori beras cenderung menurun.

 

The Effect of Grain Germination on Yield, Physical Quality, and Rice Sensory Value

Rice is the main food for Indonesians. Therefore the quality of rice production is very important to fulfill the nutritional intake of the community. Based on the results of research cited about effect of germinatioan to improve rice quality that germination of grain before milling into rice can increase the nutritional value of rice. However, the effect of grain germination is unknown on the yield, physical quality and sensory value of rice. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of grain germination on the yield, physical quality (percentage of head, broken, and groats of rice) and rice sensory (colour, flavour, taste, and texture) value of rice produced. This research uses a completely factorial completely randomized design. If the results of the statistical analysis differ significantly, it will be continued with Duncan tests. The results showed that the yield of rice after germination had decreased. Sprout length has a very significant effect on the level of 1% on the physical quality of rice such as percentage of head, broken, and groats of rice and has a significant effect on the level of 5% on the colour and flavour parameters of rice. The conclusion of the research is the longer the grain sprouts, the yield, physical quality and sensory value of rice tends to decrease.
Social Reward and Support Effects on Exercise Experiences and Performance: Evidence from Parkrun
Authors: Davis Arran , MacCarron Pádraig , Cohen Emma
Published: February 2021

There is growing academic, civic and policy interest in the public health benefits of community-based exercise events. Shifting the emphasis from competitive sport to communal activity, these events have wide appeal. In addition to physical health benefits, regular participation can reduce social isolation and loneliness through opportunities for social connection. Taking a broad evolutionary and social psychological perspective, we develop and test the hypothesis that social reward and support are associated with more positive exercise experiences and greater performance outputs. Using a repeated-measures design, we examine the influence of social perceptions and behaviour on subjective enjoyment, energy, fatigue, effort, and objective performance (run times) among a UK sample of parkrun participants. Social factors were associated with greater subjective enjoyment and energy. Higher subjective energy, in turn, was associated with faster run times, without any corresponding increase in perceived effort. No significant main effects of social factors on fatigue, performance or effort were detected. The role of social structural factors has long been recognised in public health approaches to physical activity. Our results motivate greater research attention on how positive and rewarding social behaviours and experiences – particularly subjective enjoyment and energy, and perceptions of community social support and belonging - influence exercise-related behaviour, psychology and physiology, and promote health through collective physical activity. The research also supplements traditional emphases on social facilitation and team sport that have dominated sport and exercise psychology and offers new avenues for understanding the deep connections among psychological, social and physical function in everyday health.
A dynamic basal complex modulates mammalian sperm movement
Authors: Khanal Sushil , Leung Miguel , Royfman Abigail , Fishman Emily , Saltzman Barbara , Bloomfield-Gadêlha Hermes , Mordehai Tzvya Zeev Ben , Avidor-Reiss Tomer
Published: February 2021

Reproductive success depends on efficient sperm movement driven by dynein-mediated microtubule sliding in the axoneme 1-3. Models predict sliding at the base of the tail – the centriole – but such sliding has never been observed 4,5. Centrioles are evolutionarily-ancient organelles with a conserved architecture 6-8, and their rigidity is thought to restrict microtubule sliding 1. Here, we show that, in mammalian sperm, the atypical distal centriole (DC) and its surrounding atypical pericentriolar matrix 9,10 form a dynamic basal complex (DBC) that facilitates a cascade of internal sliding deformations, coupling tail beating with asymmetric head kinking. During asymmetric tail beating, the DC’s right side and its surroundings slide ~300 nm rostrally relative to the left side. This deformation is transmitted through the DBC to the head-tail junction; as a result, the head tilts to the left, generating a kinking motion. These findings suggest that the DBC evolved to act as a mechanotransducer, coupling sperm head and tail into a single self-coordinated system. The DBC may act as a morphological computer 11, regulating tail beating from external feedback imparted to the head during sperm navigation. We anticipate our findings will enable studies of coordinated motion in sperm and cilia in many contexts.
Trastuzumab Administration During Pregnancy: Un Update
Authors: Andrikopoulou Angeliki , Apostolidou Kleoniki , Chatzinikolaou Spyridoula , Bletsa Garyfalia , Zografos Eleni , Dimopoulos Meletios-Athanasios , Zagouri Flora
Published: February 2021

Background
Over than one third (28–58%) of pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) cases are characterized by positive epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2) expression. Trastuzumab anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody is still the benchmark treatment of HER2-positive breast tumors. However, FDA has categorized Trastuzumab as a category D drug for pregnant patients with breast cancer. This systemic review aims to synthesize all currently available data of trastuzumab administration during pregnancy and provide an updated view of the effect of trastuzumab on fetal and maternal outcome.
Methods
Eligible articles were identified by a search of MEDLINE bibliographic database and ClinicalTrials.gov for the period up to 01/09/2020; The algorithm consisted of a predefined combination of the words “breast”, “cancer”, “trastuzumab” and “pregnancy”. This study was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines.
Results
A total of 28 eligible studies were identified (30 patients, 32 fetuses). In more than half of cases, trastuzumab was administered in the metastatic setting. The mean duration of trastuzumab administration during gestation was 15.7 weeks (SD: 10.8; median: 17.5; range: 1–32). Oligohydramnios or anhydramnios was the most common (58.1 %) adverse event reported in all cases. There was a statistically significant decrease in oligohydramnios/anhydramnios incidence in patients receiving trastuzumab only during the first trimester (P = 0.026, Fisher’s exact test). In 43.3% of cases a completely healthy neonate was born. 41.7 % of fetuses exposed to trastuzumab during the second and/or third trimester were born completely healthy versus 75.0% of fetuses exposed exclusively in the first trimester. All mothers were alive at a median follow-up of 47.0 months (ranging between 9 and 100 months). Of note, there were three cases (10%) of cardiotoxicity and decreased ejection fraction during pregnancy.
Conclusions
Overall, treatment with trastuzumab should be postponed until after delivery, otherwise pregnancy should be closely monitored.
Analyzing China’s provincial pollution and its influencing factors: A spatial analysis
Authors: Wang Xing , Zhou Dequn
Published: February 2021

In-depth analyses of the spatial heterogeneity in pollution, and the causes of differences are of great importance for contributing to provide reference for reduction policies. However, a spatial analysis of the existence and mechanism of China’s pollution is still ignored. Using the province-level data of thirty provinces in China over 2005–2017, this paper constructs a spatial Durbin model (SDM) to empirically address the existence and spatial transmission mechanism of pollution. The main results are as follows: first, China’s pollution shows significant characteristics of spatial dependence and clustering from global and local perspectives, indicating that the existence of spatial autocorrelation in pollution across regions. Second, both per capita GDP and urbanization have positive impacts on pollution, but the impacts of environmental regulation and FDI are insignificant. Third, urbanization not only directly influences pollution, but also indirectly influences pollution. Our analysis provides valuable information for developing policies to effectively alleviate pollution.
Dynamic Modelling of Tetrazolium Based Microbial Toxicity Assay – A Parametric Proxy of Traditional Dose-Response Relationship
Authors: Philus Chris Daniel , Mahanty Biswanath
Published: February 2021

Microbial toxicity of test substances in tetrazolium assay is often quantified while referring to IC50 values. However, the implication of such estimates is very limited and can differ across studies depending on prevailing test conditions. In this work, a factorial design-based end-point microbial assay was adopted, which suggests significant interaction (P = 0.041) between inoculum and tetrazolium dose on formazan production. A dynamic model framework was proposed to be incorporated in toxicity assay, that not only captures the nonlinear interdependency between biomass, substrate, formazan content but also measure the toxicity in terms of inhibition parameter. Microbial growth, glucose uptake, formazan production in presence and absence of heavy metal toxicant (Cu2+) in designed batch studies were utilized for sequential estimation of model parameters and their bootstrap confidence intervals. A logistic growth model (R2 > 0.96) with multiplicative inhibition terms fit the experimental data reasonably well. Dynamic relative sensitivity analysis revealed that both microbial growth and formazan production profiles were sensitive to toxicant inhibition parameter. The adoption of a dynamic model framework as a stable index for the toxic potential of test substances can be extended to design a versatile, robust in-vitro assay system.
Molecular Speciation of Phosphorus in Soil Under Various Long-Term Fertilization Regimes
Authors: Li Xue , Wen Qiuxiang , Zhang Shiyu , Li Na , Yang Jinfeng , Han Xiaori
Published: February 2021

Aims The objectives of this study were to examine the long-term substitution of mineral phosphorus (P) fertilizers with manure (M) plus nitrogen (N) fertilizers and how they affect the forms of P that occur in soil, soil P distribution, and plant growth.Methods We used a solution of 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) spectroscopy to study the correlations between long-term fertilization regimes and the forms of P that occur at different soil depths. Then we investigated yield, plant growth, and soil properties.Results A 40-year field experiment showed that the use of M + N fertilizers can significantly improve plant growth and yield. The proportion of organic P in the 20-40 cm soil layer was significantly increased by long-term M fertilization. The concentrations of various forms of P (orthophosphate, pyrophosphate, diesters, monoesters, and total inositol hexakisphosphate, IHP) in topsoil increased significantly with the combination of M with N + P mineral fertilization. The addition of M greatly increased the stereoisomers of IHP (myo-IHP, scyllo-IHP, neo-IHP, and D-chiro-IHP) and the proportion and concentration of corrected diesters. There were no significant differences in the pyrophosphate contents of the 40-60 cm soil layer according to fertilization type and year of fertilization. There were also no significant differences in IHP stereoisomers and diesters according to fertilization year. The P forms that contributed to corn yield were orthophosphate, diester, and IHP. Further, pyrophosphate made no significant contribution to corn growth. Conclusions Over the long-term, pig manure can significantly increase the amount of orthophosphate that is directly absorbed by crops and the amount of IHP stereoisomers that can be used by plants. Orthophosphate and IHP are the two key factors that have a positive effect on plant growth.
The proinflammatory response induced by the Cytolethal Distending Toxin depends on cGAS
Authors: Pons Benoît J. , Pettes-Duler Aurélie , Naylies Claire , Taieb Frédéric , Bouchenot Catherine , Hashim Saleha , Tadrist Soraya , Lippi Yannick , Mirey Gladys , Vignard Julien
Published: February 2021

The Cytolethal Distending Toxin (CDT) is a bacterial genotoxin produced by pathogenic bacteria causing major foodborne diseases worldwide. CDT activates the DNA damage response and induces inflammatory signatures in host cells, but the precise relationship between these outcomes has not been addressed so far. Here, we show that the cellular proinflammatory response and senescence induced by CDT depend on the cytoplasmic DNA sensor cGAS through the recognition of micronuclei. Indeed, despite active cell cycle checkpoints and in contrast to other DNA damaging agents, cells exposed to CDT reach mitosis where they accumulate massive DNA damage, resulting in chromosome fragmentation and micronucleus formation in daughter cells. These phenotypes are observed with CDT from various origins and in cancer or normal cell lines. Thus, our results establish a direct link between CDT-induced DNA damage, genetic instability and the cellular inflammatory response that may be relevant in the context of natural infection associated to chronic inflammation or carcinogenesis.
Whole Exome Sequencing Revealed a Novel Sequence Variant in The OTULIN Underlying Auto-Inflammatory Syndrome
Authors: Raza Rubab , Jimenez-Heredia Raul , Anwar Muhammad Zeeshan , Ullah Asmat , Zia Ayisha , Rashid Sajid , Ahmad Wasim , Krolo Ana , Boztug Kaan , Raza Irfan
Published: February 2021

Purpose Systemic auto-inflammatory diseases are a diverse group of heterogeneous disorders resulting in development of the systemic inflammation in absence of the inflammatory induction. Sequence variants in the OTULIN gene, which disrupts its ubiquitination activity lead to auto-inflammation, panniculitis, and dermatosis syndrome. To date, only few disease-causing variants in the OTULIN have been reported.In the study, presented here, sequence analysis of the OTULIN gene in a patient, exhibiting features of OTULIN-related auto-inflammatory syndrome (ORAS), revealed a novel disease-causing missense variant p.(Thr312Met). Further, effect of the variant on structure and function of the OTULIN protein has been examined using in silico OTULINWT and OTULINT312M. Methods Cells, collected from the patient blood, were examined by flow cytometry. Search for the disease-causing variants was carried out using exome followed by Sanger sequencing. Effect of the sequence variant on structure of the mutated protein was studied using in-silico analyses. Results Flow cytometry analysis revealed slightly reduced number of lymphocytes, marked leukocytosis, and mildly increased levels of IgG. Whole exome sequencing coupled with Sanger sequencing revealed a homozygous missense variant [c.935C>T; p.(Thr312Met)] in the OTULIN gene. In-silico analyses revealed that the missense variant reduces OTULIN’s expression and promotes accumulation of LUBAC-linked UB chains leading to auto-inflammation.Conclusion Taken together, OTULIN may act as a novel therapeutic target for the development of immunomodulatory drugs that may potentially increase or stabilize their expression. Targeting more components of the Ub-proteasome pathway may provide new opportunities for therapeutic exploitation and drug discovery.
Urban Noise Pollution Assessment and its Non-Auditory Health Effects on the Residents of Chiniot and Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Farooqi Zia Ur Rahman , Ahmad Iftikhar , Zeeshan Nukshab , Ilic Predrag , Imran Muhammad , Saeed Muhammad Farhan
Published: February 2021

Noise pollution is an emerging global problem therefore, it is imperative to determine noise level especially in the urban environment and its implications on human health. The objectives of this study were i) to assess the urban noise pollution and traffic density of Chiniot and Jhang and ii) to determine non-auditory health effects of noise pollution on the residents of both cities. Noise pollution was examined from 181 locations (103 from Jhang and 78 from Chiniot) and categorized into hospitals, educational, religious and recreational, residential, industrial areas, and traffic intersections. Noise levels measurements were taken using integrated sound level meter. The urban noise data showed 82% of the sites in Jhang and 95% in Chiniot exceeded the noise limits set by NEQS-Pak and WHO. Moreover, higher intensity of noise pollution (≥ 100 dB) was recorded in Chiniot (17 sites) than in Jhang (1 site). Regression analysis showed relatively strong relationship of traffic density with noise at Chiniot (R2 = 0.48) compared to Jhang (R2 = 0.31). However, spatial variability of noise with traffic density was observed at both cities. Survey study revealed that all the respondents in Jhang and Chiniot suffered from many noise related health problems such as annoyance (53 and 51%), depression (45 and 47%), dizziness (61 and 65%), headache (67 and 64%), hypertension (71 and 56%), hearing loss (53 and 56%), physiological stress (65 and 65%), sleeplessness (81 and 84%), and tinnitus (70 and 62%) due to noise, respectively. It is concluded that noise pollution is higher in Chiniot due to high traffic density resulted from higher population density and cottage industry. It is recommended that vehicles maintenance, family and urban planning could be effective measures to reduce urban noise pollution.
WITHDRAWN: Vitamin E has Protective Effects on Mice Adrenal Gland which are Exposed to Immobilization Stress
Authors: AŞIR FIRAT , Nergiz Yusuf , Pala Ayşegül
Published: February 2021

Background
To investigate the protective effect of vitamin E on mice adrenal glands in immobilization stress and to examine post-stress behavioral changes. Twenty-eight male, 10-week-old, BALB/C mice weighing 30 grams were divided into four groups. Mice were placed in a cage where no movement was allowed 6 hours/day for 7 days for immobilization stress. 0.1ml saline was administered to the control group and the stress group for 7 days, whereas 30 mg/kg/day vitamin E was administered orogastrically 1 hour before immobilization stress in the vitamin E and stress + vitamin E group. At the end of the 7th day, all animals were subjected to open field, elevated-plus maze (anxiety) and forced swimming (depression) tests. Left adrenal glands were dissected for routine paraffin tissue protocol. Sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Azan. Malonaldehyde (MDA) levels were also measured in the adrenal tissues.
Results
Anxiety symptoms were not significant between groups (0.582). Depression level (p = 0.024) and MDA values (p = 0.01) were the highest in the stress group, which was significantly higher than that of the vitamin E group. In the hematoxylin-eosin sections of the stress group, cortical atrophy, medullary hypertrophy, dilated capillaries, and hemorrhage were observed. Azan staining revealed a thinned capsule, cortical fibrosis, and intense fibrosis in the stress group. Histological structure was protected in the stress + vitamin E group, but dilatation and interstitial fibrosis were also detected.
Conclusion
Immobilization stress may cause some psychopharmacological, morphometric, and histopathologic changes in mouse adrenal glands, and vitamin E may largely protect the gland from these effects.
Systematic Identification of the Cancer Pathways and Molecules Related With Breast Cancer Immunogenicity
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Xu Silu , Huang Lingli , Wang Lei , Wu Nan
Published: February 2021

To identify molecular features related to immunogenic activity in breast cancer (BC) and provide new targets and directions for BC immunotherapy. We first used ESTIMATE to evaluate the degree of immune cell infiltration of the BC patients in TCGA and METABRIC, and explore the relationship between the degree of immune cell infiltration and prognosis of breast cancer patients. Then, we identified the cancer pathways, proteins, miRNAs related to BC immunogenicity, and predicted miRNAs target genes and identified the pathways related to target genes with KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. We also explored the correlation between PD-L1 expression level and cancer pathways and found that PD-L1 expression showed a positive association with cancer pathways. In this article we have successfully identified several cancer pathways, proteins, miRNAs and their target genes, which could be as promising new target for BC immunotherapy. And PD-L1 blockade therapy may be more effective in BC patients with the activation of some cancer pathways.
Effect of COVID-19 on the risk of household demand for health care in Togo
Authors: TOSSOU Yaovi
Published: February 2021

Background

Barriers on the demand side of the health care system are as important as supply side factors in deterring patients from obtaining effective treatment during COVID-19. Developing countries, including Togo, have focused on reducing the risk of health care use during this period by ensuring basic health care services, as an important policy to improve health outcomes and meet international obligations to make health services accessible.
Methods

The data used come from a national household survey conducted from 8 to 17 July 2020 covering all 44 districts of Togo's 6 health regions. In each district capital, a minimum of 30 households were included by a systematic random draw at two levels (district then household). On the basis of these data, the multinomial regression model is used to identify the risk factors for the demand for health care services during COVID-19.
Results

A total of 1946 (with a response rate of 98.3%) participants were included in the study. The conclusion on households over 60 years of age indicates that the relative risk ratio (RRR = 23.97; 95% CI = 0.93; 615.38) allows households to practice self-medication instead of modern care structures. The multinomial model revealed that the relative risk ratio of activities before COVID-19 (RRR = 4.879; 95% CI = 1.018; 23.38) allows households to maintain their choice of self-medication and (RRR = 3.139; 95% CI = 0.91; 0.829) to prefer public health centre. As an educated head of household (RRR = 0.192; 95% CI = 0.017, 2.113) he prefers the choice of private health centre during COVID-19.
Conclusions

This study found that the majority (30.49%) of patients sought health care. The analysis shows that the loss of employment, pre-COVID-19 activities in households and regions not infected by the pandemic allow households to remain in the choice of health care demand (self-medication and public hospitals) despite the impacts of COVID-19. On the other hand, the level of higher education and age determine an alternative choice of health care provision by households. Therefore, policy makers need to put a particular emphasis on social policies to address household health shocks.
Preparation of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) with uniform diameter distribution from okara by ultrasonic and high-speed stirring treatment method using deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Li Peiyi , Lei Haozhe , Wang Yumeng , Liu Hezhen , Jian Boxing , Liu Ruiyan , Li Xinping
Published: February 2021

Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) is a nanomaterial with excellent performance. It is an important issue to control the CNF diameter during its preparation. In this study, a green and environmentally friendly method for rapid CNF preparation with great cost advantage is reported. Deep eutectic solvent (DES) and different mechanical treatment methods were used to obtain CNF with different diameter distribution. The results showed that ultrasonic treatment resulted in CNF with a uniform diameter distribution of 28 nm and high-speed stirring treatment resulted in CNF with a uniform diameter distribution of 27 nm. The method of using high-speed stirring to prepare CNF has great energy consumption advantages compared with traditional high-pressure homogenization methods. The yield of okara CNF before and after DES treatment is not much different. The recovery rate of DES achieved more than 90% and demonstrated excellent treatment effect indicating DES-pretreatment for okara CNF preparation is economical, convenient and effective.
How to measure premature mortality? A proposal combining “relative” and “absolute” approaches
Authors: Mazzuco Stefano , Suhrcke Marc , Zanotto Lucia
Published: February 2021

Background : the concept of "premature mortality" is at the heart of many national and global health measurement and benchmarking efforts. However, despite the intuitive appeal of its underlying concept, it is far from obvious how to best operationalise it. The previous work offers at least two basic approaches: an absolute and a relative one. The former -- and far more widely used -- sets a unique age threshold (e.g. 65 years), below which deaths are defined as premature. The relative approach derives the share of premature deaths from the country--specific age distribution of deaths in the country of interest. The biggest disadvantage of the absolute approach is that of using a unique, arbitrary threshold for different mortality patterns, while the main disadvantage of the relative approach is that its estimate of premature mortality strongly depends on how the senescent deaths distribution is defined in each country.\\

Method : we propose to overcome some of the downsides of the existing approaches, by combining features of both, using a hierarchical model, in which senescent deaths distribution is held constant for each country as a pivotal quantity and the premature mortality distribution is allowed to vary across countries. In this way, premature mortality estimates become more comparable across countries with similar characteristics.\\

Results : the proposed hierarchical models provides results which lead to shared conclusions researchers developed analyzing the specific countries. In particular, we find a relatively high premature mortality for United States and Denmark.

Conclusions : while our hybrid approach overcomes some of the problems of the previous measures, some issues needs further work. In particular the choice of the group of countries a given country is assigned to and the choice of the benchmarks within the groups. Hence our proposed method, combined with further study addressing the clustering issue, could provide a valid alternative way to measure and compare premature mortality across countries.
Combination of PRL-3 Inhibitor with Sorafenib Synergistically Promotes AML Apoptosis
Authors: Chen Xiaomin , Rong Dade , Cai Wanhua , Tong Xiuzhen , Wang Haihe
Published: February 2021

Phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) is recognized as a novel independent crucial driver for AML progression. Thus, the specific inhibitor of PRL-3 would be a potential therapeutic agent to AML in clinic, but there is no such preclinical application reported yet. Here we evaluated the cytotoxicity of PRL-3 inhibitor, BR-1, against AML cells ML-1 and MOLM-13. Meanwhile, the effect of BR-1 on the biological characteristics of AML cells and the underlying mechanism were investigated along with the combination of BR-1 and sorafenib on AML cell viability. Our results show that BR-1 promotes apoptosis by inactivation of JAK/STAT5 and PI3K/AKT pathways, while inhibits cell proliferation through arresting cell cycle in the S phase. In addition, combination of BR-1 with a FLT3 inhibitor, sorafenib can further improve the therapeutic effect on AML. Thus, our results demonstrated that BR-1 would be a novel and potent therapeutic agent to AML, and its combination with other anti-AML drugs would be a promising strategy to AML therapy.
Luminescence Properties and Energy Transfer of Tm3+-Eu3+ double Doped LiLaSiO4 Phosphors
Authors: Wu Xiulan , Du Liang , Ren Qiang , Hai Ou
Published: February 2021

A series of LiLaSiO4:yTm3+, zEu3+ phosphors were prepared by high temperature solid-phase reaction. The microstructure, luminescence performance and quantum yield of the phosphors are characterized by XRD, SEM and fluorescence spectrometer. When the monitoring wavelength is 360 nm, LiLaSiO4:yTm3+ phosphors showed a sharp emission peak at 460 nm, corresponding to the 7F0→5D2 energy level transition, and the concentration quenching point of Tm3+ ions was y = 0.015. When the monitoring wavelength is 360 nm, LiLaSiO4:yTm3+, zEu3+ phosphors have emission peaks of Tm3+ and Eu3+ ions at 460 and 618 nm, respectively. As the molar mass fraction of Eu3+ ions doped increases, the luminous intensity of Tm3+ ions gradually decrease, and the luminous intensity of Eu3+ ions increases first and then decreases, and the concentration quenching point of Eu3+ ions was z = 0.08. The energy transfer of Tm3+→Eu3+ ions through electric dipole- electric dipole interactions is demonstrated by the luminous intensity variation law and fluorescence lifetime. By changing the doping ratio of Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions, the full-color control of the phosphor luminescent color from blue to red can be achieved.