bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and Tribological Performance of a-CNx /TiNx Composite Films Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Zheng X.H. , Tu Jiang Ping , Song Ren Guo
Published: March 2009

CNx/TiNx composite films were prepared on high-speed steel (HSS) substrate by pulsed
laser co-deposition process with the Ti/graphite combined targets and at a substrate temperature of
200 °C. The composition, morphology and microstructure of the films were characterized by energy
dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD)
and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). In the graphite/Ti range of 0.5–2.0
of the target, the composite films composed of TiNx, a-CNx and a small amount of metallic Ti. The
TiNx disappeared in the films at a high graphite/Ti ratio of the target. The adhesion and tribological
performance of the films were investigated using a conventional scratch tester and a ball-on-disk
tribometer respectively. With increasing the graphite/Ti ratio of the target, the adhesion to substrate
of the composite films deteriorated from 46 N to 26 N, and the friction coefficient drcreased from
0.23 to 0.17. The composite film deposited at the graphite/Ti ratio of 1.0 showed a low friction
coefficient, good adhesion and wear rate of 3.2×10–7 mm3/Nm in humid air.
The Preparation and Application of Shell Powder in UHMWPE-Fiber Unidirectional Plate
Authors: Liu Shu Jia , Si Xiao Juan , Li Wei , Wang Yi Min , Lau Alan Kin Tak
Published: March 2009

The aim of this study was to put forward a new method to improve the ballistic impact
performance of unidirectional plate (UD plate) by adding shell powder into matrix. Scanning
electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra revealed
that modified shell powder was dispersed uniformly in the matrix. The results of ballistic tests and
temperature adaptation tests demonstrated that the bulletproof property of modified UD plate was
improved about 20%. The heat-resistant temperature was increased approximately 5°C.
Structure, Magnetic and Transport Properties of MnxGe1-x
Authors: Qiao Shuang , Hou Deng Lu , Zhang Qian , Zhen Cong Mian
Published: March 2009

Ge1-xMnx (x=0.05, 0.07, 0.11, 0.15, 0.19, 0.23, 0.26, 0.29) thin films were prepared by
magnetron sputtering. All the films had a Ge cubic structure, and no indication of a secondary phase
was found in any sample using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The crystal lattice constant increases with
the Mn concentration, in accordance with Vegard's law. No films show clear magnetic domain
structure under a magnetic force microscope (MFM). Atom force microscope (AFM) measurements
show that all films have a uniform particle size distribution, and a columnar growth pattern. X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements indicate that the Mn atoms are not singlely in the
bivalent. Electrical transport properties show that the resistance of the films increases with
increasing Mn concentration, suggesting that the Mn ions are in deep-level acceptor states, while
resistance decreases with increasing temperature, which is a typical semiconductor property.
Microstructures and Magnetic Properties of Nanocomposite FePt Multilayer Films
Authors: Chen S.C. , Kuo Po Cheng , Shen Chih Long , Fang Y.H. , Huang K.T. , Lin G.P.
Published: March 2009

Sputter-deposited FePt films exhibit an in-plane magnetic anisotropy when they use MgO
as capped layer. The perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of FePt films are enhanced by introducing
Ag capped layer instead of MgO capped layer. Although the in-plane coercivity (Hc⊥ ) of FePt films
decreases slightly after introducing an Ag capper layer instead of a MgO capped layer, the
perpendicular coercivity (Hc⊥ ) is increased significantly from 3169 Oe to 6726 Oe. The Auger
electron spectroscopy analysis confirms that the Ag atoms diffuse from capped layer into the FePt
magnetic layer and the Ag atoms mainly distribute at the grain boundary of FePt. This phenomenon
results in the grain boundary energy enhancement and the grain growth inhibition and therefore
increases the perpendicular coercivity and decrease the grain size of the FePt film.
Dynamic Response of Functionally Graded Circular Cylindrical Shells
Authors: Khalili Seyyed Mohammad Reza , Malekzadeh K. , Davar A.
Published: March 2009

In this paper the response of circular cylindrical shell made of Functionally Graded
Material (FGM) subjected to lateral impulse load was investigated. The effective material properties
are assumed to vary continuously along the thickness direction according to a volume fraction
power law distribution. First order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and Love's first approximation
theory were utilized in the equilibrium equations. The boundary condition was considered to be
simply supported. Displacement components are product of functions of position and time.
Equilibrium equations for free and forced vibrations were solved using the Galerkin method. The
impulse load in the form of time varying uniform pressure was applied onto a small rectangular area
of the shell surface. The function of time for displacement components is obtained using the results
of free vibration and convolution integral. Finally time response of displacement components is
derived using mode superposition method. The influence of material composition (power law
exponent), geometrical parameters (length to radius and radius to thickness ratios) and load
parameters (position and size of the area of the applied load and peak pressure value for different
pulse type) on the dynamic response was investigated.
Development of Miniaturized Piezoelectric Multimode Transducer for Projection Purpose
Authors: Li Tao , Chen Yan Hong , Ma Jan
Published: March 2009

Most of the ultrasonic surgical or therapeutic devices apply the outside body designs with
only the vibration tip contacting and delivering energy to the tissue. For inside body applications, a
miniaturized 421 kHz piezoelectric transducer with OD 2 mm and length 10.35 mm based on
longitudinal vibration mode was developed in this paper. The transducer is a one-wavelength design
with a stepped horn to focus the energy. The theoretical analyses on mechanical, electrical and
acoustic properties were performed using finite element analysis (FEA) and equivalent circuit (EC)
model, which showed consistent results. The Qm and keff were found to be 393 and 0.21, respectively.
The maximum acoustic output power was observed to be 27 mW at 10 V input when the depth of
immersion is 1/4 wavelength. Ultrasonic streaming was also observed when the whole transducer was
immersed in the water and the input power level was in the order of 0.6 W.
Preparation and Tribological Properties of Amorphous Ti/C Multilayers by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Hong C.F. , Tu J.P. , Li R.L. , Zheng X.H.
Published: March 2009

Amorphous Ti/C multilayers were prepared on titanium-alloy and silicon (100)-wafer
substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Films with different Ti concentration were synthesized by
changing the ablating time for Ti and C targets. The morphology and microstructure of Ti/C
multilayers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and
X-ray diffraction (XRD). Both of the Ti and C monolayers were amorphous. The metallic Ti
stimulated the formation of more amorphous carbon phase by reducing the sp2 aromatic bonds and
elongating the C-C chain bonds. The tribological properties of Ti/C multilayers were investigated
by ball-on-disk tribometer. The pure C film and the multilayers containing more than 68.8 at.% of
Ti showed low wear resistance. The multilayer contained 36.8 at.% of Ti exhibited the lowest wear
rate at 3.54×10–16 m3/N·m. The formation of carbon related interlayer and its effect on tribological
performance of the films were discussed.
Nickel Foam-Supported NiO/Ag Porous Spheres Prepared by Electrodeposition as Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Huang X.H. , Tu J.P. , Xia X.H. , Wang X.L.
Published: March 2009

Nickel foam-supported NiO spheres were prepared by an electrodeposition technique
using nickel foam as the substrate, and then the Ag nanoparticles were loaded on the NiO spheres.
SEM images showed that these NiO/Ag spheres are porous with a size of about 2 µm. As an anode
for lithium-ion batteries, the nickel foam-supported NiO/Ag spheres exhibit higher coulombic
efficiency, weaker polarization, and better cycling performance as compared to the NiO spheres.
The improvements of these electrochemical properties are attributed to the Ag nanoparticles, which
enhanced the electrical conduction of the electrode.
Enhancement of Gas Response of ZnO Micro-Nano Structured Layers through Plasma Treatment
Authors: Delaunay Jean-Jacques , Nagatomo I. , Uchino R. , Li Y.B. , Shuzo M. , Yamada I.
Published: March 2009

Layers of ZnO micro-nano structures were deposited on quartz substrates and
subsequently plasma treated in O2 and N2. It was found that exposure to O2 plasma enhanced gas
response to ethanol vapor of the ZnO layers by a factor 8, while exposure to N2 plasma deteriorated
the gas response. This enhancement of the gas response upon O2 plasma treatment was attributed to
the formation of nanocrystallites of ZnO on the original ZnO micro-nano structures which form the
gas sensing layers. The surface chemical state of the original sample was found to be not affected by
the O2 plasma while it was modified by the N2 treatment.
Synthesis and Characterization of Luminescent Rod-Coil Poly[2,7-(9,9- Dihexylfluorene)] - Block-Poly(2-(Dimethylamino) Ethyl Methacrylate) by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
Authors: Yu Yang Yen , Chien Wen Chen , Tsai Chia Liang
Published: March 2009

The synthesis, morphology, and photophysical properties of Poly[2,7-(9,9-dihexyl fluorene)]-
block-poly(2-(Dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate) (PF-b-PDMAEMA) copolymers in
various mixed solvents, i.e., THF/MeOH, DMF/MeOH, and 1,4-Dioxane/MeOH, with methanol
contents of 0, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90 vol.% were reported. TEM images showed that different aggregate
morphologies of PF-b-PDMAEMA, including spherical and large compound micelles, cylinder,
nanorods, long stick-like structure, could be prepared by introducing different amount of methanol
into the copolymer/solvent system. The results indicated that aggregate morphologies of
PF-b-PDMAEMA, which obtained from various coil lengths and mixed solvents, had a great
influenced on the optical and photoluminescence properties of the prepared PF-b-PDMAEMA
copolymers.
Feedback Linearization of Hysteretic Thermoelastic Dynamics of Shape Memory Alloy Actuators with Phase Transformations
Authors: Wang Lin Xiang , Liu Rong , Melnik Roderick
Published: March 2009

In the current paper, a macroscopic differential model for the hysteretic dynamics in
shape memory alloy actuators is constructed by using the modified Landau theory of the first order
phase transformation. An intrinsic thermo-mechanical coupling is achieved by constructing the free
energy as a function depends on both mechanical deformation and the material temperature. Both
shape memory and pseudoelastic effects are modeled. The hysteretic dynamics is linearized by
introducing another hysteresis loop via nonlinear feedback strategy, which cancels the original one.
The Technique for Fabricating Submicron Moiré Grating Using FIB Milling
Authors: Xie Hui Min , Li Yan Jie , Du Hua , Pan Bing , Luo Qiang , Gu Chang Zhi , Jiang Hai Chang
Published: March 2009

In this study, focused gallium ion (Ga+) beam is utilised to fabricate micro/submicron
spacing gratings on specimen surface. The grating types include: parallel, cross, and hybrid (grating
with double-frequency). Several hybrid gratings with double frequency were produced in
combination mode or superposition mode, which have a good potential to measure deformation
within different range. Techniques for producing different type of gratings are discussed in detail.
As an application, a 5000 lines/mm grating was fabricated on an amorphous SIC MEMS cantilever
and was successfully used to measure its virtual strain with aid of digital moiré. The experimental
results verify the feasibility of fabricating high frequency grating on metal or non-metal surface
using the FIB milling and the resultant grating can be used to measure micro-deformation.
Complex Multifunctional Materials for Special Applications
Authors: Carceanu Irina , Cosmeleata G. , Popa Angela , Nedelcu Ioan , Jalbă E. , Manicatide Neagu P. , Roceanu I.
Published: March 2009

Elaboration of complex multifunctional materials with nanometric structure and
controlled characteristics for special applications, implies the use of advanced techniques of powder
metallurgy such as mechanical alloying, allowing the structural modeling and designing of material
properties. The aims of paper consist in the development of complex multifunction materials with
nanometric structure for special use (civil and/or military) for industrial applications. The paper
presents briefly some aspect regarding the present stage in production of homogenous mixtures of
W-Ni-Cu powders system for manufacturing the materials made of heavy alloys type.
The Preparation and Study on UHMWPE/Epoxy Gel-Spun Fibres
Authors: Si Xiao Juan , Liu Shu Jia , Liu Dong Hui , Wang Xin Peng , Wang Yi Min
Published: March 2009

In this paper, the ultra-high molecular weight Polyethylene/ Epoxy resin
(UHMWPE/Epoxy) fibres were prepared by using gel spinning. The effect of adding Epoxy on the
performance of gel-spun UHMWPE/Epoxy composite fibres was investigated by scanning
electronic microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). It was found that Epoxy
serving as nucleation agent for UHMWPE/Epoxy composites could improve the ordered degree
when compared to that of pure UHMWPE fibres. And the value of half-time crystallization of
UHMWPE/Epoxy composite fibres was higher than pure UHMWPE fibres’ at lower cooling rate,
but lower at higher cooling rate. Besides, the crystallization rate of UHMWPE/5%Epoxy composite
fibres was higher than that of UHMWPE/10% Epoxy, that is to say when the content of Epoxy≤5%,
the composite fibres usually exhibits excellent crystallization.
Development of a High Performance Peristaltic Micropump
Authors: Pham My , Goo Nam Seo , Lee Man Jong
Published: March 2009

In this study, a high performance peristaltic micropump has been developed and
investigated. The micropump has three cylinder chambers which are connected through microchannels
and two normally closing active membrane valves at inlet/outlet for high pumping
pressure performance. A circular shaped miniature LIPCA has been developed and manufactured
for actuating diaphragms. In this LIPCA, a 0.1mm thickness PZT ceramic is used as an active layer.
As a result, the actuator has shown to produce large out-of-plane deflection and consumed low
power. During the design process, a coupled field analysis was conducted to predict the actuating
behavior of a diaphragm. The actuator behavior was investigated both theoretically and
experimentally. In addition, MEMS technique was used to fabricate the peristaltic micropump.
Judging from experimental flow rate and pumping pressure results, the present peristaltic
micropump has higher performance than the same kind of micropump developed elsewhere.
Effects of Bi Doping on the In15Sb85 Phase Change Recording Thin Film
Authors: Ou Sin Liang , Kuo Po Cheng , Sheu Shu Chi , Hsiao Chih Hsiang , Chiang Don Yau , Tang Wei Tai
Published: March 2009

The (In15Sb85)100-xBix films (x = 0~18.3) were deposited on nature oxidized Si wafer and
glass substrate at room temperature by magnetron co-sputtering of Sb target and InBi composite
target. The optical and thermal properties of the films were examined by reflectivity thermal analyzer.
Microstructures of the films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron
microscope. The crystallization activation energy of the (In15Sb85)100-xBix film (x = 0~18.3) was
decreased with increasing Bi content, this indicated that the crystallization speed was improved by
doping Bi. The structure of as-deposited (In15Sb85)100-xBix films was amorphous and it would
transform to Sb, InSb, Bi, and BiIn2 coexisting phases after annealing at 250 °C for 30 min.
Study on the Deformation of TiNi/AlSi Composite Alloy Using DSCM Method
Authors: Wang Qing Hua , Xie Hui Min , Jiang Hai Chang , Pan Bing , Dai Fu Long
Published: March 2009

TiNi/Al-12%Si alloy is a kind of prospective material used as special energy absorbers
for eliminating undesirable noise and mechanical vibration. The investigation on the mechanical
properties of this composite alloy is of great importance. In this study, the surface deformation of
TiNi/Al-12%Si composite alloy under external loading was measured experimentally by means of
DSCM method. Some deformation characteristics of TiNi/AlSi composite alloy under the effect of
the tensile load and the interaction between TiNi and AlSi are discussed. In addition, the elastic
modulus and the poisson ' s ratio of this alloy were measured as well. The results agrees well with
the theory predicts.
Microstructural Evolution during Warm Compression of Medium Carbon Steel Quenched
Authors: Zhao Xin
Published: March 2009

In order to produce nano-structured carbon steel, a 0.45%C steel was quenched and
warm-compressed on a Gleeble 3500 Machine. The microstructural evolution during the process was
studied by using an optical microscope and a transmission electron microscopy. The starting
microstructure was lath martensite with a small amount of flake martensite. A lot of high-angle
boundaries between martensite laths were induced after 50% reduction compression at 350°C. The
microstructure of the specimen compressed at 600-650°C was nano-carbides + equiaxed ultrafine
ferrite grains. The mechanism for grain refinement is incomplete dynamic recrystallization.
Time–Frequency Signal Analysis for Nondestructive Evaluation of Pile with Cap
Authors: Lo Kuo Feng , Ni Sheng Huoo , Charng Jenq Jy , Huang Yan Hong
Published: March 2009

As stress waves decay as they pass through the pile foundation system, it is extremely
challenging for all nondestructive testing methods to evaluate the pile integrity of a shaft underneath
a structure. In this study, time–frequency signal analysis (TFSA) is used for signal processing and
adopted to interpret the pile integrity testing signal. An experimental case with pile lengths of 58m
with caps, were tested by the low strain sonic echo method. Traditional time domain analyses can
not identify the pile tip response signals 58m lengths. After time-history curves are transformed into
a time–frequency domain distribution, the results indicate the pile tip can be located more easily and
clearly than the traditional time-domain analyses of pile integrity testing allowed for.
Effects of Silver Nanostructures on Fluorescence Modulation of Rhodamine B and Fluorescein
Authors: He Xin , Zhao Xiu Jian , Feng Jin Yang , Sui Xiao Tao
Published: March 2009

We described a facile approach to controllably synthesize silver nanoparticles with
various morphologies using N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) in the presence of poly (vinyl
pyrrolidone) (PVP). Triangular/hexagonal nanoplates, chain-like nanoplate assemblies, and
nanobelts could be selectively obtained. On the basis of the experimental results, the concentration
of poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) and AgNO3, reactive temperature and time were the vital factors to
determine the shape of final products. Reasonable mechanisms for the formation of silver
nanoparticles with various morphologies were proposed. Fluorescence modulation of dye
rhodamine B (RhB) and fluorescein (FI) in the presence of silver nanoparticles were studied.
Addition of silver nanoparticles could produce fluorescence enhancement and show self-quenching
release of RhB, while the fluorescence intensity of FI decreased due to the presence of the silver
nanoparticles. The effects of silver nanoparticles on the fluorescence properties of dyes were
dependent on the competition between the local field enhancement and non-radiation energy
transfer from the molecule to the metallic nanoparticles.
Synthesis of Strontium-Doped Hydroxyapatite Powder via Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Sopyan Iis , Mardziah C.M. , Toibah A.R. , Singh Ramesh
Published: March 2009

Strontium is one of metallic elements found in bones and teeth. It is an essential
substance in preventing osteoporosis and has the ability to regenerate, preserve, and even restore
bone growth. Synthesizing Sr-doped HA powder is of great importance accordingly. Here we
present Sr-doped HA powders prepared via sol-gel procedure using calcium nitrate and diammonium
hydrogen phosphate as the precursors. Strontium nitrate was used as the dopant source,
and its concentration was varied from 2~15 %. An ammoniacal solution was heated until a white
gel was obtained. The obtained gel was then dried and subsequently subjected to 900°C calcination.
Characterization on the obtained powder was conducted using XRD, FTIR, and FESEM. XRD
measurement had shown that the powder contained hydroxyapatite phase only. Morphological
evaluation by FESEM measurement shows that the particles of the Sr -doped HA agglomerates are
globular in shape with an average size of 1-2 µm in diameter. Meanwhile, the primary particles
have a diameter of 50-150 nm in average. It is likely Sr has played an important role as a calcination
or sintering additive, causing more progressive densification of particles.
Improvement of Microstructural Controllability of Cellular Ceramic for Multifunctional Composites
Authors: Yin Lei , Peng H.X. , Dhara S. , Yang L. , Su B.
Published: March 2009

By modifying the sequences in preparation of aqueous ceramic slurries, starch was
successfully employed to improve the microstructural controllability of alumina foams fabricated
through protein coagulation casting technique. Open porosity was increased and the uniform
distribution of microstructures was improved by the dual functions of starch as pore former and wet
foam stabilizer. The viscosity of slurry was affected by the increasing amount of starch additive due
to the total solid loading increase and the water uptake of starch. A well controlled pore structure
will benefit multifunctional applications of these porous foams.
Porous Ceramics for High Temperature Filters
Authors: Ghitulica Cristina , Andronescu Ecaterina , Nicola O. , Birsan Mihaela
Published: March 2009

Cordierite based ceramic porous materials are very promising for filtering applications,
due to their low thermal expansion coefficient, but also due to high chemical stability and good
mechanical resistance.
The cordierite powders were obtained through the co-precipitation method, while the porous
ceramics were prepared by mixing the ceramic powder with an organic compound, which will burn
during consequent thermal treatments, leading to an open pore ceramic web. Samples with different
proportions of glucose were thermally treated at temperatures between 1050 and 1400oC. The
samples were analyzed in what it concerns the mineralogical composition, open porosity and pores
distribution, compressive strength and microstructure.
Preventing Metal Structure from Water-Seepage by Organic Sealants Comparing Research
Authors: Xiao Jun , Su Li Hong , Zhang Qiu Yu , Chen Jian Min , Fan Hui Tao
Published: March 2009

It is difficult for small rudder or wing with metal hollow construction to resist rain water,
moisture, and salt fog, resulting in higher weight, barycenter departure, poor maneuverability, and
stress due to repeating icing and evaporating. It also lead corrosion and other failures. Sealing with
sealants or in situ foaming is simple and effective engineer measure. This article investigates water
seepage prevention method, chooses and compares different sealants, as well as surface treatment,
structures to improve adhesion performance, heat resistance, environment suitability, ageing
resistance.
Seamless Morphing Wing with SMP Skin
Authors: Yin Wei Long , Sun Qi Jian , Zhang Bo , Liu Jing Cang , Leng Jin Song
Published: March 2009

Morphing aircraft wings require flexible skins that can undergo large strains, have low
in-plane stiffness. In this paper, the sandwiched structure is designed to maintain airfoil shape
throughout transition and not to suffer from large out-of-plane deformation under aerodynamic
pressure loads. It consists of honeycomb and flexible skin. Honeycomb which is high-strain capable
in one direction without dimensional change in the perpendicular in-plane axis provides distributed
support to the honeycomb. Flexible skin is used to create the smooth aerodynamic surface. The
morphing wing structure is developed together with the sandwiched skin technology. It is capable of
changing in chordwise and increasing chord by 20%. Elastomeric and SMP skins are selected for use.
Embedded heating wire springs act as the activation system for the SMP. Experiment results show the
morphing wing model with elastomeric or SMP skins can be driven successfully by DC motor.
Study on the Dielectric Properties of Hybrid and Porous Polyimide-Silica Films
Authors: Zhang Yi He , Su Qing Song , Yu Li , Zheng Hong , Huang Hai Tao , Zhang Guo Ge , Yao Ying Bang , Chan Helen Lai Wah
Published: March 2009

A sol-gel process was used to prepare polyimide-silica hybrid films from the polyimide
precursors and TEOS in N,N- dimethyl acetamide, then the hybrid film was treated with
hydrofluoric acid to remove the dispersed silica particles, leaving pores with diameters between
80nm to 1µm, depending on the size of silica particles. The structure and dielectric constant of the
hybrid and porous films were characterized by FTIR,SEM. The porous films displayed relatively
low dielectric constant compared to the hybrid polyimide-silica films.
Preparation of Low-K Fluorinated Polyimide/Phlogopite Nanocomposites
Authors: Zhang Yi He , Su Qing Song , Yu Li , Liao Li Bing , Zheng Hong , Huang Hai Tao , Zhang Guo Ge , Yao Ying Bang , Lau Cindy , Chan Helen Lai Wah
Published: March 2009

Phlogopite with layered silicate structure had been firstly chemically modified via an in
situ intercalation method, and phlogopite-polymer nanocomposite films were prepared from 2,2'-bis
(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) hexafluropropane dianhydride (6FDA) and oxydimethyl aniline (ODA) in
N,N-dimethylacetamide as a solvent by using in-situ polymerization process combined with
ultrasonic dispersion and multi-step curing. The structure of phlogopite minerals and its polymer
nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectra (FTIR)
respectively. The experimental results indicated that the phlogopites with layered nanostructure had
lost their ordered structure and had been exfoliated or intercalated. Thereafter, they were dispersed
randomly in the polyimide matrix. The dependence of dielectric properties and thermal stabilities of
the nanocomposite films on the phlogopite content and frequency were studied.
The Effect of Morphology and Distribution of Sulfides on Mechanical Properties and Fatigue Life of Non-Quenched and Tempered Steel
Authors: Ma Ming Tu , Li Guo Zhong , Li Zhi Gang , Lu Hong Zhou
Published: March 2009

The effect of morphology and distribution of sulfides on tensile, impact and bending
fatigue properties of non-quenched and tempered steel 49MnVS3 has been investigated in this paper.
Microscopic structure and morphology of sulfides are observed, and impact fracture and fatigue
fracture have been analyzed by SEM. The results show that the morphology of sulfides is mostly strip
and distributes in ferrite, which affects mechanical properties and fatigue life. The length direction of
sulfide strip is parallel to the rolling direction of steel. When the length of sulfide is short relatively
and is approximate to the shape of particles. The impact properties and bending fatigue performance
of 49MnVS3 are higher. Under those conditions, there are more ductile characteristics in their impact
fracture and the fatigue fracture. The reasons for the effect of sulfide morphology on the mechanical
and fatigue properties are explained.
High Strength Sinter-Hardening Powder Metallurgy Alloys
Authors: Hwang K.S. , Wu M.W. , Tsai Chia Cheng
Published: March 2009

High strength and high hardness can be readily attained after sintering when
sinter-hardening grade powder metallurgy alloys are used. However, fast cooling rates greater than
60°C/min are usually required. This increases the cost of the sintering equipment and maintenance.
To lower the required minimum cooling rate, the homogeneity of the alloying elements in the
matrix and the hardenability of the material must be improved. Among the various popular alloying
elements, nickel and carbon are the two most non-uniformly distributed elements due to their
repelling effect. It is found that to improve their homogenization, the addition of Cr and Mo can
alleviate the repelling effect between Ni and C. As a result, weak Ni-rich/C-lean ferrite and
austenite are eliminated and replaced by hard bainite and martensite. A tensile strength of 1323
MPa and a hardness of 39 HRC are attained in sinter-hardened Fe-3Cr-0.5Mo-4Ni-0.5C compacts
without any quenching treatment.
Structural Characterization of Co70-xNixGa30 Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Sarma Sidananda , Srinivasan A.
Published: March 2009

Polycrystalline ingots of Co70–xNixGa30 (20 ≤ x ≤ 26) ferromagnetic shape memory alloy
(FSMA) were prepared by arc melting elemental powders followed by homogenization at 1230 °C
for 24 hrs and quenching in liquid nitrogen. Room temperature X-Ray diffraction (XRD) patterns
of as-quenched samples exhibited single-phase tetragonal structure for alloy compositions with x =
21 to 26, and a two-phase structure (cubic A2-phase along with weak tetragonal phase) for the
alloy with x = 20. Rietveld refinement was performed on the X-ray diffraction patterns to obtain
the refined structural parameters. Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) curves recorded from
30 °C to 250 °C revealed martensite-austenite and austenite-martensite transformations in all
alloys except the alloy with composition x = 20. Low temperature ac magnetic susceptibility
measurements confirmed the existence of martensitic transformations in the alloy with x = 20. The
structural transformation temperatures show a linear variation with e/a ratio. All the alloys were
ferromagnetic at room temperature. Curie temperature was determined using a high temperature ac
magnetic susceptibility measurement set-up.
Structural Studies on Mn Excess and Ga Deficient Ni-Mn-Ga
Authors: Banik Soma , Mukhopadhyay P.K. , Awasthi A.M. , Barman S.R.
Published: March 2009

We report the structural studies on Mn excess and Ga deficient Ni2Mn1+zGa1-z specimens
with z= 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.25. The crystal structure at room temperature was determined
by the x-ray diffraction (XRD). Rietveld analysis has been performed to obtain the lattice
parameters. For z= 0, 0.05 and 0.1, a cubic austenitic phase is observed. For 0.15≤ z ≤0.25, a
tetragonal martensitic phase is obtained, whose lattice constant c increases and a decreases linearly
with increasing z following Vegard’s law. Phase coexistence is observed for z= 0.15, confirming the
first-order nature of the martensitic transition.
Effect of External Fields on the Martensitic Transformation in Ni-Mn Based Heusler Alloys
Authors: Moya Xavier , Mañosa Lluís , Planes Antoni , Aksoy Seda , Acet Mehmet , Wassermann Eberhard F. , Krenke Thorsten
Published: March 2009

In this paper, we discuss the possibility of inducing a martensitic transition by means of an
applied magnetic field or hydrostatic pressure in Ni-Mn based Heusler shape memory alloys.
We report on the shift of the martensitic transition temperatures with applied magnetic field
and applied pressure and we show that it is possible to induce the structural transformation in
a Ni50Mn34In16 alloy by means of both external fields due to: (i) the low value of the entropy
change and (ii) the large change of magnetization and volume, which occur at the martensitic
transition.
Magneto-Mechanical Behaviour of Textured Polycrystals of NiMnGa Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Roth Stefan , Gaitzsch Uwe , Pötschke Martin , Schultz Ludwig
Published: March 2009

Textured polycrystalline NiMnGa alloys were prepared by directional solidification.
Alloys were chosen to have either the 7M or the 5M modulated martensitic structure after proper
heat treatment. Mechanical training allowed to reduce the twin boundary pinning stress to below the
magnetically induced stress. Thus, magnetic field induced changes in the mechanical behaviour
could be demonstrated. The conditions of preparation and mechanical training will be discussed
together with their influence on structure, microstructure, and the magneto-mechanical behaviour.
Martensite Transformation and Magnetic Property Dependence on the Annealing Temperature in Ni-Rich Ni-Mn-Ga Alloy
Authors: Singh R.K. , Gopalan R.
Published: March 2009

The effect of annealing temperature on martensite transformation temperature and
magnetic properties has been investigated in a polycrystalline Ni53.69Mn26.06Ga20.25 alloy. The
significant variation of the martensite transformation temperature and the magnetic properties is
observed as a function of annealing temperature.
Textural Ordering in NiTi, Ni-Fe-Ti, and Ni-Mn-Ga Shape Memory Alloys - Kinetics of Intra- and Inter-Domain Processes
Authors: Awasthi A.M. , Bhardwaj S. , Banik Soma , Barman S.R.
Published: March 2009

A detailed kinetics study of the first-order structural transition in virgin NiTi, Ni47Fe3Ti50,
and Ni2+xMn1-xGa (x= 0 and 0.26) manifests the varying role of renucleation-driven austenitic
growth with the doping-induced disorder and the magnetization state. The austenite transitions were
investigated using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) at heating rates spanning over a decade.
They revealed the existence of two Arrhenius processes, with their relative presence, nucleationbarrier
energies, and validity-timescales suggesting that both intra- and inter-domain texturalorderings
undergo de-structuring. In the stoichiometric Ni2MnGa, a single low-energy barrier ( )
fast kinetics observed may be attributed wholly to the short-distance textural order-disorder (a near
absence of bigger, inter-domain interactions). On the other hand, two distinct Arrhenicities are
found in equal strength in NITINOL (NiTi) and Ni47Fe3Ti50, and in unequal proportion in
Ni2.26Mn0.74Ga, over the full range of temperature scanning rates covered (q= 2.5 to 50°C/min). The
relatively fast nucleation-driven growth dominates higher T-scanning rates, with lower barrier
activation (qhi) (albeit > , due to a change in the twins’ character). Another kinetics with higher
barrier energy (qlo) manifests at slow heatings. The crossover in Ni47Fe3Ti50 is interpreted as
increase in the (disorder-induced) A-domain-size dispersion, which also causes a broadening of the
transition. Parameters characterizing the kinetics of various specimens are examined; comparisons
of the relative energy/time scales of inter- and intra-domain processes made, and their
transition/crossover temperature discussed.
Acoustic Energy Absorption in Ferromagnetic Ni-Mn-Ga Shape Memory Alloy Polymer Composites
Authors: Mahendran Manickam , Feuchtwanger Jorge , O'Handley Robert C.
Published: March 2009

The single crystal Ni-Mn-Ga and Ni-Mn-Ga particulate composites have responded to
mechanical stress up to 1 kHz frequencies with significant acoustic attenuation. It has been
observed that in Ni-Mn-Ga polymer composites, a heavy static load on both the ends of the system
increases the acoustic stress amplitude and appears to have acoustic loss drops. The attenuation, as a
function of frequency shows resonances in the displacement of the vibrating particle indicating the
twin boundary motions. It is inferred that the resonances beyond the principal mode are highly
damped in the Ni-Mn-Ga composite samples.
Transformation of Cutting Burr/Fracture in High-Speed Machining Al Alloy
Authors: Shen Qin Xi , Wang Gui Cheng , Zhu Yun Ming , Qu Hai Jun
Published: March 2009

The metal cutting burr is one of the factors that influence the edge quality and performance
of precision parts.A finite element model has been established to investigate the mechanism of burr
formation and limit transformation in high-speed machining 2024Aluminum alloy .The burr/fracture
formation process is simulated with elastic-plastic nonlinear element method based on
ABAQUS.This paper has investigated the mechanism of burr /fracture formation and the limit
transformation condition of cutting-direction burrs and fractures in high-speed machining and the
limit transformation condition change with the cutting condition,which lay scientific basis of further
research on cutting burrs formation and its minimization and deburring technology.
The Finite Element Analysis of Surface Temperature on Dry Belt Grinding for Titanium Alloys
Authors: Huo Wen Guo , Xu Jiu Hua , Fu Yu Can
Published: March 2009

This paper studies the grinding temperature field of dry belt grinding titanium alloys
using finite simulation and experiments. A reasonable finite element model of dry belt grinding
temperature field is established on the basis of ANSYS. And three kinds of boundary conditions are
loaded on the element of a moving line heat source. The corresponding computer program is
designed to calculate the temperature field for different grinding parameters, and the experiment
results show that the simulated temperature have good agreement with the measuring ones. The
model could be utilized to forecast the distribution and variation characteristics of the grinding
temperature field under different conditions.
Experiment Study on Vitrified Bonded Wheels of Quick-Point Grinding
Authors: Pang Zi Rui , Yu Tian Biao , Su C. , Wang Jian Rong , Wang Wan Shan
Published: March 2009

In this paper, grinding performance and Manufacturing process of vitrified CBN wheel
were described for Quick-point grinding at 200m/s. In order to insure security rotation of wheel,
wheel core was optimized at 200m/s based on ANSYS software. Four kinds of domestic abrasives
were tested for their compressive strength, impact toughness, microcosmic crystal photographs, and
oxidation temperature, high temperature performance baked at 870 °C, by right of advanced
apparatus such as SEM etc. Simultaneity vitrified bonds, wheel segments and adhesive techniques
were also discussed. At last, grinding performance of Quick-point Grinding wheel was tested.
Research on Surface Roughness and Micro-Topography of Nano-ZrO2  Plate in Two-Dimension Ultrasonic Grinding
Authors: Zhao Bo , Zhao Ming Li , Gao Guo Fu
Published: March 2009

The influence of ultrasonic vibration on the surface roughness and micro-topography of
ceramics plate is discussed in this paper. Grinding assisted by two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration is
developed to deal with the processing difficulty of ceramic materials due to its hard-brittle property.
The experimental results show that the surface roughness value obtained in two-dimensional
ultrasonic grinding nano-ZrO2 ceramic plate specimen is obviously smaller than that in common
grinding, and the scratched grooves on the machined surface in ultrasonic grinding is wider and
relatively smoother than that in common grinding. Consequently, it proves that the two-dimensional
ultrasonic machining is a feasible, high-efficient machining method for hard-brittle materials.
The Characteristics of Surface Residual Stresses by Plane Grinding Invar and the Effects of Them on Structural Stability
Authors: Qiao Y.P. , Kang Ren Ke , Jin Zhu Ji , Guo Dong Ming
Published: March 2009

Invar 36 alloy is widely used in manufacturing instruments because of its minimal
thermal expansion coefficient. As an important material for the components of precision or
super-precision instruments, the process methods for Invar and the structure stability after its
machining is necessary. In this paper, the residual stresses of the Invar samples after plane grinding
were measured. The experimental results indicate that clear tension stress exists in the surface of
Invar alloy along the grinding direction, while, on the cross direction, the states of surface residual
stresses are complicated and affected by the parameters of grinding. A typical disk model has been
calculated and analyzed by Finite Element Method (FEM), and the deformation caused by surface
residual stress was presented. Finally, the effect of grinding as final working procedure on the
stability of Invar structure was estimated.
Study on Variable Spot Cladding for Large Area Laser Surface Modification
Authors: Wang Ming , Shi Shi Hong , Zuo Dun Wen , Wang Min
Published: March 2009

In modern surface modification manufacturing technology, laser cladding is a high-tech
which has good prospects for development. However, for the large area laser cladding surface
modification, there has the contradiction between cladding efficiency and cladding accuracy of the
cladding. If using the smaller spot, it will be inefficient, if the spot increasing, the accuracy of
marginal part of the cladding will be poor, the "stage effect" will be obvious. The variable spot
powder feeder is designed, and the variable spot cladding process with small facula outlining border
and big facula filling in central section is introduced, which resolves the contradiction between the
two effectively. Experimental proves that surface quality with variable spot cladding is better. In the
overlap area, due to the second lixiviation caused by repeated heating, the microhardness value of
multi-track overlap cladding is higher than the structure in the non-overlap area.
Influence of Surface Morphology of Diamond Films on their Frictional Behaviors in Dry and Water Environments
Authors: Shen Bin , Sun Fang Hong
Published: March 2009

The influence of surface morphology of diamond films on their friction behaviors was
investigated under both ambient air and water environments. The diamond films with three different
surface morphologies were deposited on the Co-cemented tungsten carbide (WC-6wt%Co) substrate
using hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) method and their frictional behavior were
studied on a ball-on-plate type reciprocating friction tester, where the ball-bearing steel was used as
the counterface materials. The coefficient of friction (COF) of diamond films showed strong surface
morphology dependence, those samples with smaller diamond grain size and smoother surface finish
represented lower COF in both dry and water lubricating conditions. Water lubricating was
significantly favor to decrease the COF of diamond films, which might mainly due to the lubricating
effect of physisorbed water layer formed on the sliding interface. In addition, the transferred materials
layer adhered on the worn surface of diamond films were supposed to be another factor that was
beneficial for reducing the COF.
A New Solar Selective Absorbing Structure of Al-Al2O3 Cermet Composite Films by Pulsed Direct Current Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Zhu Li Wei , Feng Yu Dong , Wang Y. , Wang Z.M. , Zhao K. , Su X.M. , Qiu J.W.
Published: March 2009

Thin films composed of mixtures of metals and dielectric are being considered for use as
solar selective coatings for a various applications. By controlling the metal distribution, the solar
selective coatings can be designed to have the combined properties of high absorptance, and low
infrared emittance. We have studied the preparation of the Al-Al2O3 cermet composite films
deposited on the flexible Kapton substrate by pulsed direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering
technique. The complex films include infrared reflective layers, interference absorptive layers, and
anti-reflective layers. The measurements of the samples show that the spectral absorptance in the
region of 0.2~2.5μm and thermal emittance in the region of 2.5~25μm were 92% and 7%,
respectively.
Dry WEDM in Improving LS-WEDMed Surface Quality
Authors: Wang Tong , Lu Yu Mei , Xie Shu Qiang , Hao Shuang Shuang , Zhao H.
Published: March 2009

Utilizing gas as the dielectric instead of dielectric liquid has enabled the development of
dry wire electrical discharge machining (dry WEDM) technology for finishing cut. Experiment
results showed that Low-Speed WEDM (LS-WEDM) in gas offers advantages such as better
straightness, and shorter discharge gap. This paper studies on influence of different gas dielectrics,
wire winding speed and pulse duration on the WEDMed surface quality (discharge gap, straightness,
surface roughness, removal rate) in finishing. New attempt of applying dry WEDM as the 4th cut
had been proved feasible in improving conventional multiple cut surface quality of LS-WEDM.
Effects of Non-Electrical Parameters on Material Removal Rate of High-Speed Small Hole EDM Drilling
Authors: Cao Ming Rang , Wang Y.Q. , Yang Shi Chun , Yang Sheng Qiang , Li Wen Hui
Published: March 2009

The selection of manufacturing conditions is very important in manufacturing processes as
these ones determine the material removal rate (MRR) of the so-obtained parts. So in this paper,
based on the brief introduction of the experimental principle and the high-speed small hole EDM
drilling system, effects of non-electrical parameters on MRR are discussed in detail. The
relationships between MRR and these factors are also analyzed. The conclusion can provide an
important reference for production in practice.
Tailored Intelligent Materials
Authors: Tandon R.P.
Published: March 2009

Use of smart intelligent materials is gaining great prominence in the domain of underwater acoustics, defense and environmental engineering. Piezoelectric ceramics such as PZT have found applications in MEM hydrophones to high power sonars. These are also finding widespread use in active noise cancellation in the industrial applications. This paper will cover these topics and also use of ER fluids and shape memory alloys will be reviewed. This will be followed by the authors own contribution made for the field of piezo-composites for the applications in hydrophones and other underwater devices
Effect of Lead Nickel Niobate Substitution on Phase Transitions of Lead Zirconate Ceramics Prepared by the Solid State Reaction Method
Authors: Wirunchit S. , Laoratanakul Pitak , Vittayakorn Naratip
Published: March 2009

The solid solution between the antiferroelectric, PbZrO3 (PZ), and relaxor ferroelectric, Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PNN), was synthesized by the columbite method. The phase structure and phase transition of Pb(Zr1-x(Ni1/3Nb2/3)xO3 (PZNN), where x = 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.50, were investigated. The samples were kept at the calcination temperature of 900°C for 4 h and at the sintering temperature of 1,150°C for 2 h. Phase formation and phase transition of PZNN were investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal analysis, respectively. It was found that the structure of sintered pellets is orthorhombic for 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.10, rhombohedral for 0.20 ≤ x ≤ 0.30 and pseudo-cubic for x = 0.5. DSC measurement shows that in the antiferroelectric (AFE) phase – ferroelectric (FE) phase and FE to paraelectric (PE) phase; phase transformation temperatures decrease with increasing PNN concentration. The AFE–FE phase transformation was detected for compositions 0.00 £ x £ 0.08.
Impedance and Dielectric Properties of Nb-Doped Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 Ceramics
Authors: Ketsuwan Piyachon , Ngamjarurojana Athipong , Laosiritaworn Yongyut , Ananta Supon , Yimnirun Rattikorn , Cann David P.
Published: March 2009

The compositions of Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 doped with 1-6 mole% Nb content were prepared by a conventional mixed oxide technique. It was found that the phase formed depended on the dopant concentration. At lower concentration, the dominate phase was the tetragonal. With increasing Nb content the rhombohedral phase tended to increase. Furthermore, the Curie temperature (Tc) and dielectric constant decreased with increasing Nb concentration and the dielectric maximum peaks were broadened with more rhombohedral phase presence, causing the diffused ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition. The impedance of the samples decreased with increasing temperature and it was also observed that the impedance increased with increasing Nb concentration.