bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treating the locoregional lymph nodes with radiation and/or surgery significantly improves outcome in dogs with high‐grade mast cell tumours
Authors: Mendez Susan E. , Drobatz Kenneth J. , Duda Lilian E. , White Pamela , Kubicek Lyndsay , Sorenmo Karin U.
Published: September 2019

High‐grade canine mast cell tumours (HG‐MCT) have a high rate of locoregional relapse. In this study, dogs with HG‐MCT treated with radiation therapy (RT) were retrospectively evaluated to determine the benefit associated with treating the locoregional lymph nodes (LNs). Forty‐two dogs were included. Variables assessed for association with overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) included WHO stage, tumour location and size, LN irradiation (prophylactic, therapeutic or none), LN treatment (yes or no), LN status at RT (metastatic or nonmetastatic) and RT intent (definitive vs palliative). Lower‐stage disease at irradiation was significantly associated with prolonged median PFS (425 vs 125 days for stage 0 vs 1‐4), and OS (615 vs 314 days for stage 0 vs 1‐4). Having any LN treatment and definitive RT were both significantly associated with prolonged OS. In order to evaluate the role of LN irradiation, dogs were divided into subgroups: (a) stage 0 at irradiation with no LN treatment (n = 14), (b) stage 0 at irradiation with prophylactic LN irradiation (n = 6), (c) stage 0 at irradiation but previously stage 2 (n = 5) and (d) stage >0 at irradiation (n = 17). Prophylactic LN irradiation significantly prolonged PFS (>2381 vs 197 days; group B vs A). Interestingly, dogs that were stage 2 and had LN treatment (C) had prolonged OS vs dogs with negative LNs and no LN treatment (A) (1908 vs 284 days; P = .012). This study confirms that prophylactic and therapeutic LN irradiation in dogs with HG‐MCT is beneficial and improves outcome.
Racing performance of National Hunt thoroughbred racehorses after treatment of palatal dysfunction with a laryngeal tie‐forward procedure and thermocautery of the soft palate with or without aryepiglottic folds resection
Authors: Koskinen Milja J. , Virtala Anna‐Maija K. , McNally Turlough
Published: September 2019

Objective

To assess racing performance of National Hunt thoroughbred (NH) racehorses with a definite diagnosis of palatal dysfunction treated with a laryngeal tie‐forward procedure (LTF) and soft palate cautery (SPC) with or without transendoscopic laser excision of the aryepiglottic folds (TLEAF) and to determine correlation between performance measures.

Study design

Retrospective cohort study.

Animals

National Hunt racehorses treated with LTF, SPC ± TLEAF (n = 44) and nonaffected controls (n = 88).

Methods

Performance was evaluated by usingRacing Postratings (RPR), race earnings (RE), and performance index (PIndex). Affected horses were compared with nonaffected horses. The effect of TLEAF and correlations between measures were analyzed.

Results

Racing Postrating, RE and PIndex improved by 50%, 26%, and 12% in treated, and by 50%, 39%, and 24% in control horses, respectively, when measurements were evaluated for the median of three presurgical and postsurgical races. Lower postsurgical performance was detected when five postsurgical races were compared with two presurgical races (P ≤ .03). The number of postsurgical earnings rated at zero was greater in treated horses than in control horses (P < .05). Race earnings and RPR correlated more strongly (r= 0.634‐0.796) than PIndex and other measures (r= 0.378‐0.692).

Conclusion

Postsurgical performance of NH racehorses with palatal dysfunction after LTF and SPC ± TLEAF was decreased compared with unaffected controls. The negative effect of TLEAF on performance was detected.

Clinical significance

Although LTF is widely performed in NH racehorses, it may not be the most efficient treatment for palatal dysfunction.
Treatment of idiopathic chylothorax in dogs and cats: A systematic review
Authors: Reeves Lauren A. , Anderson Katherine M. , Luther Jill K. , Torres Bryan T.
Published: September 2019

Objective

To evaluate the evidence published on the treatment of idiopathic chylothorax (IC) in small animals.

Study design

Systematic literature review.

Sample population

Dogs and cats with IC.

Methods

A literature search was performed in three bibliographic databases in July 2018 for publications on IC in dogs and cats. Articles meeting criteria for inclusion were evaluated for treatment, survival, outcome data, and level of evidence (LoE) with a modified Oxford Level of Evidence (mOLE) and GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) system.

Results

Eleven of 313 identified articles met the inclusion criteria. Only one study was identified in dogs as having higher LoE by using the mOLE system, whereas no study was identified as such in either species with the GRADE system. Surgery was the primary treatment in all dogs and in 93% (68/73) of cats. Medical therapy was the primary treatment in 7% (5/73) of cats. The most common surgical treatment combined thoracic duct ligation (TDL) and subtotal pericardiectomy (SP; 40%; 34/84) in dogs and TDL in cats (51% [37/73]).

Conclusion

The body of literature for IC treatment in small animals was limited to one higher LoE study in dogs and none in cats. No strong conclusion could be drawn regarding the effectiveness of any one surgical method in dogs or cats, and no evidence was found to support medical therapy as a primary treatment.

Clinical significance

The best available evidence regarding the treatment of IC is published in dogs and provides some support for surgical treatment with either TDL + cisterna chyli ablation or TDL + SP. Additional evidence is required to confirm this finding.
Are Individuals Who Engage in More Frequent Self-Regulation Less Susceptible to Mental Fatigue?
Authors: Martin Kristy , Thompson Kevin G. , Keegan Richard , Rattray Ben
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate whether individuals who engage in more frequent self-regulation are less susceptible to mental fatigue. Occupational cognitive demand and participation in sports or exercise were quantified as activities requiring self-regulation. Cardiorespiratory fitness was also assessed. On separate occasions, participants either completed 90 min of an incongruent Stroop task (mental exertion condition) or watched a 90-min documentary (control condition). Participants then completed a cycling time-to-exhaustion (physical endurance) test. There was no difference in the mean time to exhaustion between conditions, although individual responses varied. Occupational cognitive demand, participation in sports or exercise, and cardiorespiratory fitness predicted the change in endurance performance (p = .026, adjustedR2 = .279). Only cognitive demand added significantly to the prediction (p = .024). Participants who reported higher levels of occupational cognitive demand better maintained endurance performance following mental exertion.
Does the U.S. public support using gene drives in agriculture? And what do they want to know?
Authors: Jones Michael S. , Delborne Jason A. , Elsensohn Johanna , Mitchell Paul D. , Brown Zachary S.
Published: September 2019

With gene drives for agricultural pest control on the horizon, a survey suggests the public is receptive but concerned about risk.
Surface tension determines tissue shape and growth kinetics
Authors: Ehrig S. , Schamberger B. , Bidan C. M. , West A. , Jacobi C. , Lam K. , Kollmannsberger P. , Petersen A. , Tomancak P. , Kommareddy K. , Fischer F. D. , Fratzl P. , Dunlop John W. C.
Published: September 2019

Growing tissues exhibit liquid-like behavior, which allows them to respond to macroscopic surface curvatures.
Aluminum-26 chronology of dust coagulation and early solar system evolution
Authors: Liu M.-C. , Han J. , Brearley A. J. , Hertwig A. T.
Published: September 2019

Time scales of dust condensation and coagulation are inferred from the refractory inclusions in the Allan Hills A77307 meteorite.
Comment on “A commensal strain ofStaphylococcus epidermidisprotects against skin neoplasia” by Nakatsujiet al.
Authors: Kozmin Stanislav G. , Rogozin Igor B. , Moore Elizabeth A. , Abney Mariah , Schaaper Roel M. , Pavlov Youri I.
Published: September 2019

6-N-hydroxylaminopurine produced by the commensal skin bacteriumStaphylococcus epidermidisMO34 is strongly mutagenic.
A novel P300 inhibitor reverses DUX4-mediated global histone H3 hyperacetylation, target gene expression, and cell death
Authors: Bosnakovski Darko , da Silva Meiricris T. , Sunny Sithara T. , Ener Elizabeth T. , Toso Erik A. , Yuan Ce , Cui Ziyou , Walters Michael A. , Jadhav Ajit , Kyba Michael
Published: September 2019

DUX4 drives global histone H3 hyperacetylation; and a new P300 inhibitor, iP300w, blocks DUX4-mediated transcription and toxicity.
Mitochondrial protein import is regulated by p17/PERMIT to mediate lipid metabolism and cellular stress
Authors: Oleinik Natalia , Kim Jisun , Roth Braden M. , Selvam Shanmugam Panneer , Gooz Monika , Johnson Roger H. , Lemasters John J. , Ogretmen Besim
Published: September 2019

Stress-induced trafficking of ceramide synthase 1 to mitochondria is mediated by previously unidentified protein, p17/PERMIT.
Mitochondrial PE potentiates respiratory enzymes to amplify skeletal muscle aerobic capacity
Authors: Heden Timothy D. , Johnson Jordan M. , Ferrara Patrick J. , Eshima Hiroaki , Verkerke Anthony R. P. , Wentzler Edward J. , Siripoksup Piyarat , Narowski Tara M. , Coleman Chanel B. , Lin Chien-Te , Ryan Terence E. , Reidy Paul T. , de Castro Brás Lisandra E. , Karner Courtney M. , Burant Charles F. , Maschek J. Alan , Cox James E. , Mashek Douglas G. , Kardon Gabrielle , Boudina Sihem , Zeczycki Tonya N. , Rutter Jared , Shaikh Saame Raza , Vance Jean E. , Drummond Micah J. , Neufer P. Darrell , Funai Katsuhiko
Published: September 2019

Mitochondrial membrane lipids adapt to exercise or disuse, underscoring an essential role for PE in energy transduction.
Optical lace for synthetic afferent neural networks
Authors: Xu Artemis , Mishra A. K. , Bai H. , Aubin C. A. , Zullo L. , Shepherd R. F.
Published: September 2019

A soft optical sensor network distributed within a soft body measures the location and degree of deformation.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacements alter circulating serum factors to mediate myofibroblast deactivation
Authors: Aguado Brian A. , Schuetze Katherine B. , Grim Joseph C. , Walker Cierra J. , Cox Anne C. , Ceccato Tova L. , Tan Aik-Choon , Sucharov Carmen C. , Leinwand Leslie A. , Taylor Matthew R. G. , McKinsey Timothy A. , Anseth Kristi S.
Published: September 2019

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement alters a patient’s serum proteome, reversing valvular interstitial cell and cardiac myofibroblast activation.
Machine learning analysis of DNA methylation profiles distinguishes primary lung squamous cell carcinomas from head and neck metastases
Authors: Jurmeister Philipp , Bockmayr Michael , Seegerer Philipp , Bockmayr Teresa , Treue Denise , Montavon Grégoire , Vollbrecht Claudia , Arnold Alexander , Teichmann Daniel , Bressem Keno , Schüller Ulrich , von Laffert Maximilian , Müller Klaus-Robert , Capper David , Klauschen Frederick
Published: September 2019

A DNA methylation–based classifier facilitates the differentiation of primary lung and metastatic head and neck cancer with diagnostic accuracy.
A trojan horse for treatment of brain tumors
Authors: Neman Josh
Published: September 2019

Encapsulation and molecular targeting of therapeutic antibodies enhance CNS uptake and treatment efficacy in brain metastases.
Early Discontinuation of Ethambutol in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treatment Based on Results of the GenoType MTBDRplus Assay: a Prospective, Multicenter, Noninferiority Randomized Trial in South Korea
Authors: Jo Kyung-Wook , Kim Mihye , Kim Ye-Jee , Lee Hyun-Kyung , Kim Hyun Kuk , Jeon Doosoo , Lyu Jiwon , Park Hye Kyeong , Mok Jeongha , Kim Ju Sang , Heo Eun Young , Choi Sang Bong , Yim Jae-Joon , Shim Tae Sun
Published: September 2019

No studies have investigated whether the discontinuation of ethambutol (EMB) based on susceptibility to isoniazid and rifampin, as determined by the GenoType MTBDRplus assay, would be appropriate. We aimed to determine the feasibility of discontinuing EMB before the end of the intensive phase of treatment based on the results of the MTBDRplus assay in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).
Deep Mutational Scanning Comprehensively Maps How Zika Envelope Protein Mutations Affect Viral Growth and Antibody Escape
Authors: Sourisseau Marion , Lawrence Daniel J. P. , Schwarz Megan C. , Storrs Carina H. , Veit Ethan C. , Bloom Jesse D. , Evans Matthew J.
Published: September 2019

Zika virus has recently been shown to be associated with severe birth defects. The virus’s E protein mediates its ability to infect cells and is also the primary target of the antibodies that are elicited by natural infection and vaccines that are being developed against the virus. Therefore, determining the effects of mutations to this protein is important for understanding its function, its susceptibility to vaccine-mediated immunity, and its potential for future evolution. We completely mapped how amino acid mutations to the E protein affected the virus’s ability to grow in cells in the laboratory and escape from several antibodies. The resulting maps relate changes in the E protein’s sequence to changes in viral function and therefore provide a valuable complement to existing maps of the physical structure of the protein.
Equid Herpesvirus 1 Targets the Sensitization and Induction Steps To Inhibit the Type I Interferon Response in Equine Endothelial Cells
Authors: Oladunni Fatai S. , Sarkar Sanjay , Reedy Stephanie , Balasuriya Udeni B. R. , Horohov David W. , Chambers Thomas M.
Published: September 2019

To date, no commercial vaccine label has a claim to be fully protective against the diseases caused by equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1), especially the neurologic form. The interferon (IFN) system, of which type I IFN is of great importance, still remains a viable immunotherapeutic option against EHV-1 infection. The type I IFN system has been exploited successfully to treat other viral infections, such as chronic hepatitis B and C in humans. The current state of research on how EHV-1 interferes with the protective effect of type I IFN has indicated transient induction of type I IFN production followed by a rapid shutdownin vitroin equine endothelial cells (EECs). The significance of our study is the identification of certain steps in the type I IFN signaling pathway targeted for inhibition by EHV-1. Understanding this pathogen-host relationship is essential for the long-term goal of developing effective immunotherapy against EHV-1.
Near-Complete Genome Sequence of a Potential Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype A Vaccine Strain Isolated from Bangladesh
Authors: Amin M. Al , Ali M. Rahmat , Alam A. S. M. Rubayet Ul , Siddique Mohammad Anwar , Ullah Huzzat , Sultana Munawar , Hossain M. Anwar
Published: September 2019

The near-complete genome sequence of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype A potential vaccine strain BAN/CH/Sa-304/2016 is reported here. Its genome revealed antigenic heterogeneity with the current Indian vaccine strain IND40/00, with four amino acid substitutions in antigenically critical sites of the VP1 protein.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Agrobacterium
sp. Strain 33MFTa1.1, Isolated from
Thlaspi arvense
Roots
Authors: Langley Sasha , Eng Thomas , Wan Kenneth H. , Herbert Robin A. , Klein Andrew P. , Yoshikuni Yasuo , Tringe Susannah G. , Brown James B. , Celniker Susan E. , Mortimer Jenny C. , Mukhopadhyay Aindrila
Published: September 2019

Agrobacterium
sp. strain 33MFTa1.1 was isolated for functional host-microbe interaction studies from the
Thlaspi arvense
root-associated microbiome. The complete genome is comprised of a circular chromosome of 2,771,937 bp, a linear chromosome of 2,068,443 bp, and a plasmid of 496,948 bp, with G+C contents of 59%, 59%, and 58%, respectively.
Complete Coding Sequence of a Chikungunya Virus Strain Imported into Slovenia from Thailand in Late 2018
Authors: Zakotnik Samo , Korva Misa , Knap Nataša , Robnik Barbara , Gorišek Miksić Nina , Avšič Županc Tatjana
Published: September 2019

A case of chikungunya virus infection was imported from Thailand into Slovenia in late 2018. The infection was diagnosed using real-time reverse transcription-PCR, the virus was isolated in cell culture, and the whole genome was sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of the nearly complete viral genome indicated that the virus belongs to the Indian Ocean lineage but does not possess the A226V mutation in the envelope protein E1.
Genome Sequence of the Tropical Atmosphere Bacterium
Pontibacter
sp. Strain SGAir0037
Authors: Lim Serene B. Y. , Junqueira Ana Carolina M. , Uchida Akira , Purbojati Rikky W. , Houghton James N. I. , Luhung Irvan , Chénard Caroline , Wong Anthony , Kolundžija Sandra , Clare Megan E. , Kushwaha Kavita K. , Putra Alexander , Gaultier Nicolas E. , Premkrishnan Balakrishnan N. V. , Heinle Cassie E. , Vettath Vineeth Kodengil , Drautz-Moses Daniela I. , Schuster Stephan C.
Published: September 2019

The
Pontibacter
bacterial genus has been detected in marine and soil environments. Here, we report the genome sequence of
Pontibacter
sp. strain SGAir0037, which was isolated from outdoor air samples collected in Singapore. The genome comprises one chromosome of 5.26 Mb and one plasmid of 127 kb.
Complete Genome Sequence of Rickettsia asiatica Strain Maytaro1284, a Member of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae Isolated from an Ixodes ovatus Tick in Japan
Authors: Thu May June , Qiu Yongjin , Yamagishi Junya , Kusakisako Kodai , Ogata Shohei , Moustafa Mohamed Abdallah Mohamed , Isoda Norikazu , Sugimoto Chihiro , Katakura Ken , Nonaka Nariaki , Nakao Ryo
Published: September 2019

This is the first report of the complete genome sequence of
Rickettsia asiatica
strain Maytaro1284, isolated from an
Ixodes ovatus
tick in Japan. The genome contains a 1,344,324-bp circular chromosome and one plasmid of 74,761 bp. There was no outer membrane protein A (
ompA
) gene encoded in the genome.
Case of nasopharyngeal teratoma: challenges in the management
Authors: Mishra Namita , Mandelia Ankur , Naranje Kirti , Singh Anita
Published: September 2019

Teratomas are tumour with tissue or organ components resembling normal derivatives of more than one germ layer. The most common site of congenital teratoma is sacrococcygeal region. Teratomas in head and neck region are rarer. We report a 4-day-old male baby who presented with nasopharyngeal mass, which led to respiratory distress and feeding difficulty. It was managed with surgical excision with multidisciplinary approach.
Haemorrhagic small bowel melanoma metastasis: a clinical rarity
Authors: Zoumpos Alexandros , Ho Ngoc Anh Huy , Loeschhorn-Becker Ralf , Schuppert Frank
Published: September 2019

We report on a clinical case with haemorrhagic small bowel metastases in a malignant melanoma patient with anaemia, diagnosed using small bowel video capsule endoscopy (VCE). A 67-year-old male patient with a previous diagnosis of malignant melanoma presented with anaemia and vertigo on admission. The standard diagnostic protocol for gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding investigation including a gastroscopy, colonoscopy and small bowel capsule endoscopy, as well as abdominal sonography and a restaging protocol including chest–abdomen–pelvis CT (CAP-CT), echocardiography and ECG was applied. Gastroscopy and colonoscopy were not conclusive in determining the bleeding source. VCE provided evidence for numerous haemorrhagic small bowel metastases. The CAP-CT was unremarkable for small bowel findings. Due to a diffuse metastatic disease diagnosed in heart, brain, liver, spleen and bone metastasis, the patient was treated in a conservative/palliative manner. VCE can provide precious information about GI bleeding of unknown origin when classical diagnostic methods are non-conclusive.
Sex and area differences in the association between adiposity and lipid profile in Malawi
Authors: Soares Ana Luiza G , Banda Louis , Amberbir Alemayehu , Jaffar Shabbar , Musicha Crispin , Price Alison , Nyirenda Moffat J , Lawlor Debbie A , Crampin Amelia
Published: September 2019

Background

Evidence from high-income countries shows that higher adiposity results in an adverse lipid profile, but it is unclear whether this association is similar in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) populations. This study aimed to assess the association between total and central adiposity measures and lipid profile in Malawi, exploring differences by sex and area of residence (rural/urban).

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, data from 12 096 rural and 12 847 urban Malawian residents were used. The associations of body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) with fasting lipids (total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG)) were assessed by area and sex.

Results

After adjusting for potential confounders, higher BMI and WHR were linearly associated with increased TC, LDL-C and TG and reduced HDL-C. BMI was more strongly related to fasting lipids than was WHR. The associations of adiposity with adverse lipid profile were stronger in rural compared with urban residents. For instance, one SD increase in BMI was associated with 0.23 mmol/L (95% CI 0.19 to 0.26) increase in TC in rural women and 0.13 mmol/L (95% CI 0.11 to 0.15) in urban women. Sex differences in the associations between adiposity and lipids were less evident.

Conclusions

The consistent associations observed of higher adiposity with adverse lipid profiles in men and women living in rural and urban areas of Malawi highlight the emerging adverse cardio-metabolic epidemic in this poor population. Our findings underline the potential utility of BMI in estimating cardiovascular risk and highlight the need for greater investment to understand the long-term health outcomes of obesity and adverse lipid profiles and the extent to which lifestyle changes and treatments effectively prevent and modify adverse cardio-metabolic outcomes.
International migration of health labour: monitoring the two-way flow of physicians in South Africa
Authors: Tankwanchi Akhenaten Siankam , Hagopian Amy , Vermund Sten H
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Although health labour migration is a global phenomenon, studies have neglected the flow of health workers into low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). In compliance with the data-monitoring recommendation of the WHO Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel (Code), we estimated post-Code physician net migration (NM) in South Africa (SA), and SA’s net loss of physicians to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries from 2010 to 2014.

Methods

We sourced data from the National Reporting Instrument reports, the OECD and the General Medical Council. Using the numbers of foreign nationals and international medical graduates (IMGs) registered in SA, and SA medical graduates registered in OECD countries (South African-trained international medical graduates (SA-IMGs)) as respective proxies for immigration and emigration, we estimated ‘NM’ as the difference between immigrant physicians and emigrant physicians and ‘net loss’ as the difference between OECD-trained IMGs and OECD-based SA-IMGs.

Results

In 2010, SA hosted 8443 immigrant physicians, while OECD countries hosted 14 933 SA-IMGs, yielding a NM of −6490 physicians and a NM rate of −18% in SA. By 2014, SA-based immigrant physicians had increased by 4%, while SA-IMGs had decreased by −15%, halving the NM rate to −9%. SA-to-OECD estimated net loss of physicians dropped from −12 739 physicians in 2010 to −10 563 in 2014. IMGs represented 46% of 2010–2014 new registrations in SA, with the UK, Nigeria and the Democratic Republic of the Congo serving as leading sources. Registrants from conflict-scarred Libya increased >100-fold. More than 3400 SA-IMGs exited OECD-based workforces.

Conclusion

NM is a better measure of the brain drain than simply the emigration fraction. Strengthened health personnel data management and reporting through implementation of the Code-related system of National Health Workforce Accounts will further increase our understanding of health worker mobility in LMICs, with policymakers empowered to make more informed policies to address shortage.
Strengthening strategic management approaches to address antimicrobial resistance in global human health: a scoping review
Authors: Ahmad Raheelah , Zhu Nina Jiayue , Leather Andrew J M , Holmes Alison , Ferlie Ewan
Published: September 2019

Introduction

The development and implementation of national strategic plans is a critical component towards successfully addressing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study aimed to review the scope and analytical depth of situation analyses conducted to address AMR in human health to inform the development and implementation of national strategic plans.

Methods

A systematic search of the literature was conducted to identify all studies since 2000, that have employed a situation analysis to address AMR. The included studies are analysed against frameworks for strategic analysis, primarily the PESTELI (Political, Economic, Sociological, Technological, Ecological, Legislative, Industry) framework, to understand the depth, scope and utility of current published approaches.

Results

10 studies were included in the final review ranging from single country (6) to regional-level multicountry studies (4). 8 studies carried out documentary review, and 3 of these also included stakeholder interviews. 2 studies were based on expert opinion with no data collection. No study employed the PESTELI framework. Most studies (9) included analysis of the political domain and 1 study included 6 domains of the framework. Technological and industry analyses is a notable gap. Facilitators and inhibitors within the political and legislative domains were the most frequently reported. No facilitators were reported in the economic or industry domains but featured inhibiting factors including: lack of ring-fenced funding for surveillance, perverse financial incentives, cost-shifting to patients; joint-stock drug company ownership complicating regulations.

Conclusion

The PESTELI framework provides further opportunities to combat AMR using a systematic, strategic management approach, rather than a retrospective view. Future analysis of existing quantitative data with interviews of key strategic and operational stakeholders is needed to provide critical insights about where implementation efforts should be focussed, and also how to build contingency at the strategic level for agile responses to macro-level environmental influences.
Effects of oligosaccharide-sialic acid (OS) compound on maternal-newborn gut microbiome, glucose metabolism and systematic immunity in pregnancy: protocol for a randomised controlled study
Authors: Wang Shuxian , Peng Rui , Qin Shengtang , Liu Yu , Yang Huixia , Ma Jingmei
Published: September 2019

Introduction

The gut microbiota participates in multiple human biological processes, including metabolism and immune responses. During pregnancy, the dynamics of gut microbiota is involved in physiological adaptation. The disturbed profile of microbiome is associated with maternal complications, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which further transfers to the offspring and influence their metabolic and immunological functions in the long term. Prebiotics targeting the gut microbiota and modulating metabolic and immune functions have been shown to be effective in non-pregnant populations with metabolic syndrome. Hence, we propose the use of a prebiotic supplement, oligosaccharide-sialic acid (OS) from the first trimester until delivery in pregnant women, can benefit maternal/new-born gut microbiome, glucose metabolism and innate immunity.

Methods and analysis

In this prospective double-blinded randomised clinical trial, recruited singleton pregnancies will be stratified by body mass index (BMI) and randomly assigned to consume the OS preparation or placebo daily from the first trimester. At seven later time points (before and after recruitment in the first trimester, in the middle and third trimesters, before delivery, at birth and 42 days postpartum), compliance will be evaluated and/or biological samples will be collected. Along with maternal clinical information, questionnaires on lifestyle and infant development will be recorded. The primary outcomes are the effect of OS on the maternal-offspring gut microbiome and GDM incidence. The secondary outcomes are maternal glycolipid biochemical parameters, cytokine profiles, weight gain during pregnancy and infant morbidities, growth and development. The study aims to validate the effects of OS on reducing maternal morbidity within different BMI groups. The multiple dimensional dataset generated from the study includes clinical and lifestyle-related information, various biological markers and associated protective or risk factors for morbidity and prognosis. An extended follow-up through 42 days after birth could further explore the intrauterine influence on the long-term health of offspring.

Ethics and dissemination

This protocol has been approved by Peking University First Hospital, National Unit of Clinical Trial Ethics Committee (reference number: 164). The results are expected to be published in scientific manuscripts by 2021.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR1800017192.
Dose–response relationship between physical activity and mortality in people with non-communicable diseases: a study protocol for the systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Geidl Wolfgang , Schlesinger Sabrina , Mino Eriselda , Miranda Lorena , Ryan Anna , Bartsch Katja , Janz Lukas , Pfeifer Klaus
Published: September 2019

Introduction

This study protocol outlines our planned systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of postdiagnosis physical activity and mortality in people with non-communicable diseases (NCDs).

Methods and analysis

This study is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis for Protocols. A systematic literature search will be conducted in various databases—namely, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science—by two researchers in order to identify prospective observational studies that investigate postdiagnosis physical activity or activity-related energy expenditure and mortality in individuals with NCDs. The target population is adults (≥18 years of age) with one of the following nine NCDs: low back pain, type 2 diabetes mellitus, osteoarthritis, depressive disorder, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, breast cancer, lung cancer, stroke or ischaemic heart disease. We will focus on all-cause mortality as the primary outcome and investigate indication-specific mortality as the secondary outcome. For each study identified as a result of the literature search, we will conduct graphical dose-response analyses of mortality as a function of activity-related energy consumption. If more than two studies are available for one disease, we will perform linear and non-linear dose-response meta-analyses for said disease using random-effects models. We will investigate the heterogeneity of the studies and publication bias. To assess the risk of bias and the quality of the included studies, we will use the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies - of Interventions tool, which is a Cochrane tool.

Ethics and dissemination

This systematic review will be conducted in compliance with ethical precepts. As the systematic review is based on published studies, approval from an ethics committee is not required. The systematic review and meta-analysis will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42018103357
Optimising prescribing for patients with severe mental illness: the need for criteria
Authors: Carolan Aoife , Keating Dolores , Strawbridge Judith , Ryan Cristin
Published: September 2019

The life expectancy of people with severe mental illness (SMI) is considerably shorter than those without SMI. Multimorbidity and poorer physical health outcomes contribute significantly to this health inequality. Psychotropic medicines, including antipsychotics, antidepressants, mood stabilisers and anxiolytic medicines, are the mainstay of treatment for SMI, and overall improve life expectancy and quality of life. Optimising medicines is required to ensure adequate control of symptoms while avoiding complications and negative physical health outcomes. Screening tools would offer an opportunity to assist clinicians in decision making and optimising medicines for people with SMI, who are particularly vulnerable to medication-related problems and poorer physical health.
Physical and hydraulic properties of recycled glass as granular materials for pavement structure
Authors: Mohsenian Hadad Amlashi S. , Carter A. , Vaillancourt M. , Bilodeau J.-P.
Published: September 2019

The use of alternative materials in the construction industry is gaining popularity, among others, to reduce the various environmental impacts of standard construction materials. Recycled glass (RG) is used as an aggregate in pavement structures, but the widespread usage is impeded by insufficient knowledge of its geotechnical characteristics. This research investigated the effects of using RG as a granular base aggregate. Four size ranges of RG were considered in comparison with limestone as the reference aggregate. The experimental program included shape property, water absorption, compaction, hydraulic conductivity, and water retention. The findings indicated that RG with negligible water absorption and a medium degree of permeability could replace up to 100% of the fine fraction of the base-course aggregate without reducing the hydraulic conductivity. Furthermore, RG showed better drainability than limestone aggregate, which contributes to the performance of the base–subbase aggregate in the presence of water.
Effects of heavy meson loops on higher charmonia radiative transitions
Authors: Qin Wen-Hua , An Chun-Sheng , Li Gang , Wang Chao , Wang Yan
Published: September 2019

Radiative transitions between charmonium states offer an insight into the internal structure of heavy quark bound states within QCD. In this work, we performed a systematically investigation of the radiative transitions of$$\psi (nS) \rightarrow \gamma \chi _{cJ}(mP)$$ψ(nS)→γχcJ(mP)and$$\psi (nD) \rightarrow \gamma \chi _{cJ}(mP)$$ψ(nD)→γχcJ(mP)via intermediate charmed meson loop with a non-relativistic effective field theory. We only focus on the line-shape behavior of the distributions via different intermediate meson loops. Our results show that the coupled-channel effects of these decays are relatively weak, while the coupled channel effects has obvious enhancement when the inial (final) states are closed to the thresholds of charmed-mesons pair.
Explore with caution: mapping the evolution of scientific interest in physics
Authors: Aleta Alberto , Meloni Sandro , Perra Nicola , Moreno Yamir
Published: September 2019

In the bookThe Essential Tension (1979) Thomas Kuhn described the conflict between tradition and innovation in scientific research—i.e., the desire to explore new promising areas, counterposed to the need to capitalize on the work done in the past. While it is probable that along their careers many scientists felt this tension, only few works have tried to quantify it. Here, we address this question by analyzing a large-scale dataset, containing all the papers published by the American Physical Society (APS) in 26 years, which allows for a better understanding of scientists’ careers evolution in Physics. We employ the Physics and Astronomy Classification Scheme (PACS) present in each paper to map the scientific interests of 103,246 authors and their evolution along the years. Our results indeed confirm the existence of the “essential tension” with scientists balancing between exploring the boundaries of their area and exploiting previous work. In particular, we found that although the majority of physicists change the topics of their research, they stay within the same broader area thus exploring with caution new scientific endeavors. Furthermore, we quantify the flows of authors moving between different subfields and pinpoint which areas are more likely to attract or donate researchers to the other ones. Overall, our results depict a very distinctive portrait of the evolution of research interests in Physics and can help in designing specific policies for the future.
Extraction algorithm for optimal coarse-grained networks on complex networks
Authors: Zeng Lang , Jia Zhen , Wang Yingying
Published: September 2019

Coarse-graining of complex networks is a hot topic in network science. Coarse-grained networks are required to preserve the topological information or dynamic properties of the original network. Some effective coarse-graining methods have been proposed, while an urgent problem is how to obtain coarse-grained network with optimal scale. In this paper, we propose an extraction algorithm (EA) for optimal coarse-grained networks. Numerical simulation for EA on four kinds of networks and performing Kuramoto model on optimal coarse-grained networks, we find our algorithm can effectively obtain the optimal coarse-grained network.
The second rise of general relativity in astrophysics
Authors: Neslušan L.
Published: September 2019

The field equations, which are the mathematical basis of the theory of general relativity, provide us with a much larger variety of solutions to model the neutron stars and other compact objects than are used in the current astrophysics. We point out some important consequences of the new kind of solutions of the field equations, which can be obtained if the astrophysical usage of general relativity is not constrained, and outline an impact of these solutions on the models of internal structure of compact objects. If general relativity is not constrained, it enables to construct the stable object, with the outer surface above the event horizon, of whatever large mass. A new concept of relativistic compact object is a consequence of newly discovered property of gravity, yielded by the field equations in a spherically symmetric configuration of matter: in comparison with the Newtonian case, a particle is more effectively attracted by a nearer than a more distant matter.
New quantum key agreement protocol with five-qubit Brown states
Authors: Cao Wei-Feng , Yang Yu-Guang , Zhou Yi-Hua , Shi Wei-Min
Published: September 2019

We propose a new two-party quantum key agreement (QKA) protocol using five-qubit Brown states. One-way quantum transmission can be realized by merging Brown states and decoy photons randomly. The security of this protocol is shown to resist the outsider attack and participant attack over the ideal channel. Some methods are also proposed to ensure its security in noisy and lossy quantum channel. Finally, we generalize it and propose a multi-party QKA protocol based on Brown states.
Improved strong-coupling perturbation theory of the symmetric Anderson impurity model
Authors: Ma Kou-Han , Tong Ning-Hua
Published: September 2019

In a previous work [N. H. Tong, Phys. Rev. B 92 (2015) 165126], an equation-of-motion-based series expansion formalism was used to do the second-order strong-coupling expansion for the single-particle Green function of the Anderson impurity model (AIM). In this paper, we improve this theory in two aspects. We first use a more accurate scheme to self-consistently calculate the averages that appear in [Formula: see text]. In the resummation process, we use updated coefficients for the continued fraction (CF), guided by the formally exact CF from the Mori–Zwanzig theory. These changes lead to more accurate impurity spin responses to the magnetic bias of the bath. Combined with the dynamical mean-field theory, our theory gives improved description for the antiferromagnetism of Hubbard model at half-filling.
Impact of basin architecture on diagenesis and dolomitization in a fault-bounded carbonate platform: outcrop analogue of a pre-salt carbonate reservoir, Red Sea rift, NW Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Ramadan Khalid , Koeshidayatullah Ardiansyah , Cantrell Dave , Swart Peter K.
Published: September 2019

The early Miocene Wadi Waqb carbonate in the Midyan Peninsula, NE Red Sea is of great interest not only because of its importance as an archive of one of the few pre-salt synrift carbonate platforms in the world, but also as a major hydrocarbon reservoir. Despite this importance, little is known about the diagenesis and heterogeneity of this succession. This study uses petrographical, elemental chemistry, stable isotope (δ
13
C and δ
18
O) and clumped isotope (Δ
47
) analyses to decipher the controlling processes behind the formation of various diagenetic products, especially dolomite, from two locations (Wadi Waqb and Ad-Dubaybah) that have experienced different diagenetic histories. Petrographically, the dolomites in both locations are similar, and characterized by euhedral to subhedral crystals (50–200 µm) and fabric-preserving dolomite textures. Clumped isotope analysis suggests that slightly elevated temperatures were recorded in the Ad-Dubaybah location (up to 49°C), whereas the Wadi Waqb location shows a sea-surface temperature of
c.
30°C. These temperature differences, coupled with distinct δ
18
O
VPDB
values, can be used to infer the chemistry of the fluids involved in the dolomitization processes, with fluids at the Wadi Waqb location displaying much higher δ
18
O
SMOW
values (up to +4‰) compared to those at the Ad Dubaybah location (up to −3‰). Two different dolomitization models are proposed for the two sites: a seepage reflux, evaporative seawater mechanism at the Wadi Waqb location; and a fault-controlled, modified seawater mechanism at the Ad-Dubaybah location. At Ad-Dubaybah, seawater was modified through interaction with the immature basal sandstone aquifer, the Al-Wajh Formation. The spatial distribution of the dolostone bodies formed at these two locations also supports the models proposed here: with the Wadi Waqb location exhibiting massive dolostone bodies, while the dolostone bodies in the Ad-Dubaybah location are mostly clustered along the slope and platform margin. Porosity is highest in the slope sediments due to the interplay between higher precursor porosity, the grain size of the original limestone and dolomitization. Ultimately, this study provides insights into the prediction of carbonate diagenesis in an active tectonic basin and the resultant porosity distribution of a pre-salt carbonate reservoir system.
A new look into the prediction of static Young's modulus and unconfined compressive strength of carbonate using artificial intelligence tools
Authors: Tariq Zeeshan , Abdulraheem Abdulazeez , Mahmoud Mohamed , Elkatatny Salaheldin , Ali Abdulwahab Z. , Al-Shehri Dhafer , Belayneh Mandefro W. A.
Published: September 2019

Accurate estimation of rock elastic and failure parameters plays a vital role in petroleum, civil and geotechnical engineering applications. During drilling operations, continuous logs of rock elastic and failure parameters are considered very helpful in optimizing geomechanical earth models. Commonly, rock elastic and failure parameters are estimated using well logs and empirical correlations. These are calibrated with rock mechanics laboratory experiments conducted on core samples. However, since these samples are expensive to get and time-consuming to test, artificial intelligence (AI) models based on available petrophysical well logs such as bulk density, compressional wave and shear wave travel times are utilized to predict the static Young's modulus (
E
static
) and the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) – with an emphasis on carbonate rocks. We present two AI techniques in this study: an artificial neural network (ANN) and an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The dataset used in this study contains 120 data points obtained from a Middle Eastern carbonate reservoir from which we develop an empirically correlated ANN model to predict
E
static
and an ANFIS model to predict the UCS. A comparison between the UCS, predicted by the proposed ANFIS model, and the published correlations show that the ANFIS model predicted the UCS with less error and with a high coefficient of determination. The error obtained from the ANFIS model was 4.5%, while other correlations resulted in up to 30% error on a published dataset. On the basis of the results obtained, we can say that the developed models will help geomechanical engineers to predict
E
static
and the UCS using well logs without the need to measure them in the laboratory.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Naturally Fractured Reservoirs collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/naturally-fractured-reservoirs
Zebrafish Pigment Pattern Formation: Insights into the Development and Evolution of Adult Form
Authors: Patterson Larissa B. , Parichy David M.
Published: September 2019

Vertebrate pigment patterns are diverse and fascinating adult traits that allow animals to recognize conspecifics, attract mates, and avoid predators. Pigment patterns in fish are among the most amenable traits for studying the cellular basis of adult form, as the cells that produce diverse patterns are readily visible in the skin during development. The genetic basis of pigment pattern development has been most studied in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Zebrafish adults have alternating dark and light horizontal stripes, resulting from the precise arrangement of three main classes of pigment cells: black melanophores, yellow xanthophores, and iridescent iridophores. The coordination of adult pigment cell lineage specification and differentiation with specific cellular interactions and morphogenetic behaviors is necessary for stripe development. Besides providing a nice example of pattern formation responsible for an adult trait of zebrafish, stripe-forming mechanisms also provide a conceptual framework for posing testable hypotheses about pattern diversification more broadly. Here, we summarize what is known about lineages and molecular interactions required for pattern formation in zebrafish, we review some of what is known about pattern diversification in Danio, and we speculate on how patterns in more distant teleosts may have evolved to produce a stunningly diverse array of patterns in nature.
New Frontiers in Osteoporosis Therapy
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Wentworth Kelly , Shoback Dolores M.
Published: September 2019

Current osteoporosis medications reduce fractures significantly but have rare and serious adverse effects (osteonecrosis of the jaw, atypical femoral fractures) that may limit their safety for long-term use. Insights from basic bone biology and genetic disorders have led to recent advances in therapeutics for osteoporosis. New approaches now in clinical use include the antisclerostin monoclonal antibody romosozumab, as well as the parathyroid hormone–related peptide analog abaloparatide. Clinical trial data show significant antifracture benefits with recently approved romosozumab. Studies using abaloparatide build on our longstanding experience with teriparatide and the importance of consolidating the bone mineral density gains achieved from an anabolic agent by following it with an antiresorptive. Combination and sequential treatments using osteoporosis medications with different mechanisms of action have also been tested with promising results. On the horizon is the potential for cell-based therapies (e.g., mesenchymal stem cells) and drugs that target the elimination of senescent cells in the bone microenvironment.