bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alkalinised lidocaine as an anaesthetic before onabotulinumtoxinA injections. a randomised trial
Authors: El Issaoui Meryam , Elmelund Marlene , Klarskov Niels
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To evaluate the effect of intravesical alkalinised lidocaine as an anaesthetic treatment on procedural pain during intradetrusor onabotulinumtoxinA (BTX‐A) injections for overactive bladder.

Patients and Methods

This single‐centre, randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled two period crossover trial was conducted on women scheduled for BTX‐A injections at our outpatient urogynaecology clinic between September 2022 and May 2024. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either alkalinised lidocaine or placebo during the first treatment period. Alkalinised lidocaine solution comprised lidocaine hydrochloride (20 mg/mL, 20 mL), sodium hydrogen carbonate (1 mmoL/mL, 10 mL), and sodium chloride (9 g/L, 10 mL). The matching placebo was sodium chloride (9 g/L, 40 mL). The primary outcome measure was procedural pain rated on a 100‐mm visual analogue scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes included adverse effects such as post‐void residual urine volumes requiring catheterisation, urinary tract infection, haematuria 1 week after treatment, and patient satisfaction measured on a 5‐point scale. During the second treatment period, patients received the alternative intervention.

Results

We enrolled 50 patients, of which 41 were eligible for per‐protocol analyses. The mean VAS score was significantly lower following intravesical alkalinised lidocaine (mean 21.3 mm, 95% confidence interval [CI] 14.7–27.8 mm) compared to placebo (mean 41.6 mm, 95% CI 35.0–48.1 mm) with a mean difference of −20.3 mm (95% CI −29.2 to −11.5 mm; P < 0.001). Adverse events and patient satisfaction did not significantly differ between the alkalinised lidocaine and placebo treatments (P = 0.825 and P = 0.138, respectively).

Conclusions

Intravesical instillation of alkalinised lidocaine before BTX‐A injections significantly reduced VAS pain scores compared to placebo (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05415865).
Activation of δ‐opioid receptors blocks allodynia in a model of headache induced by PACAP
Authors: Mangutov Elizaveta , Dripps Isaac , Siegersma Kendra , Zhang Yanping , Bocian Rebecca , Asif Sarah , Halbesma Timothy , Witkowski Wiktor , Pradhan Amynah A.
Published: January 2025

Background and purpose

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a human migraine trigger that is being targeted for migraine. The δ‐opioid receptor (δ‐receptor) is a novel target for the treatment of migraine, but its mechanism remains unclear. The goals of this study were to develop a mouse PACAP‐headache model using clinically significant doses of PACAP; determine the effects of δ‐receptor activation in this model; and investigate the co‐expression of δ‐receptors, PACAP and PACAP‐PAC1 receptor.

Experimental approach

Cephalic allodynia to low doses of acute and chronic PACAP were tested. A triptan (sumatriptan) and a CGRP receptor antagonist (olcegepant) were tested in this model. The δ‐receptor agonist SNC80 was tested in PACAP and CGRP‐induced headache models. Expression of PACAP, PAC1, CRLR and δ‐receptors was determined using in situ hybridisation.

Key results

Low doses of PACAP produced dose‐dependent acute and chronic cephalic allodynia, blocked by sumatriptan but not by olcegepant. The PAC1 antagonist (M65) did not inhibit CGRP‐induced allodynia. There was moderate co‐expression of PAC1 and CRLR transcripts in migraine‐related regions. SNC80 blocked PACAP‐ and CGRP‐induced allodynia. There was low co‐expression of PACAP and δ‐receptors in brain regions measured. However, there was high co‐expression of PAC1 and δ‐receptors in somatosensory cortex, hippocampus and trigeminal nucleus caudalis.

Conclusion and implications

We developed a translationally significant model of PACAP‐induced headache, which was mechanistically distinct from CGRP. Activation of δ‐receptors blocked PACAP‐ and CGRP‐induced allodynia, and δ‐receptors were highly co‐expressed with the PACAP‐ergic system. Future studies will examine the functional relationship between δ‐receptors and PAC1.
Young Children's and Caregivers' Evaluations About Household Helping: Balancing the Interests of Helper and Recipient
Authors: Martinez‐Mora Marie Grace , Dahl Audun
Published: January 2025

Young children's helping can benefit both recipient and helper. This study examined how children and caregivers incorporate helper and recipient interests in evaluations of household helping. Data were collected throughout 2022. US children 4–6 years (N = 87; 47 girls, 40 boys; 71% European American, 23% Asian American, 14% Latinx, 3% Black, 2% Native American) and their caregivers were evaluated whether and why a child in hypothetical scenarios should help their parent. Children's judgments and reasoning incorporated both child helper and parent recipient interests, whereas caregivers' evaluations weighed child interests more heavily, ORs > 0.239. Caregiver judgments about obligation predicted children's judgments. Findings suggest that perceptions of whose interests are served shape judgments and decisions around young children's everyday prosocial behaviors.
Study of the colouristic capacity of the natural annatto dye in dyeing polyester fabrics and recycled yarns
Authors: Hillesheim Crisleine Regina , Rodrigues Quethelen Elizabeth Araujo Garcez , da Silva Marcela Kotsuka , de Souza Carolina Krebs , Bertoli Sávio Leandro , Barcellos Ivonete Oliveira , Gonçalves Marcel Jefferson
Published: January 2025

The textile sector has been the subject of research aimed at discovering more sustainable alternatives to harmful chemicals, and coloration technologies. In this study, the colouristic capacity of the natural annatto dye was evaluated in 100% polyester (PES) fabrics and in 100% PES fabrics with recycled thread. A comparative characterisation of a dye extracted directly from annatto seeds with a commercial natural dye was also carried out. The dyeing processes were conducted with the commercial natural dye at temperatures of 105, 110 and 115°C and pH levels of 4, 4.5 and 5, following a 22 full experimental design including two axial points and triplicate in the central point. The dyed fabric samples were subjected to wash fastness and dry and wet rubbing tests, to evaluate colour quality. The results were analysed using Statistica software, and the 100% PES fabric samples with the best exhaustion values (91.9%), colour intensity (K/S) values (1.44) and satisfactory fastness values were dyed at a temperature of 117°C and pH of 4.5. Furthermore, samples with recycled PES yarn were dyed and compared with conventional PES yarn, demonstrating similar dye and fastness characteristics, as well as intense coloration.
Bronchiectasis Exacerbation Increases the Risk of Adverse Renal Outcomes—Results From a Large Territory‐Wide Cohort Study
Authors: Kwok Wang Chun , Tsui Chung Ki , Sze Him Isaac Leung , Wong Chun Ka Emmanuel , Tam Terence Chi Chun , Ho James Chung Man , Yap Desmond Yat Hin
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Bronchiectasis exacerbation (BE) is associated with unfavorable sequelae in other organs such as the cardiovascular system; data regarding its impact on adverse term renal outcomes, however, is lacking.

Methods

A territory‐wide retrospective cohort study was conducted in Hong Kong between 1/1/1993 and 31/12/2017. All patients with bronchiectasis followed in the public healthcare system in 2017 were classified as “Exacerbators” or “Non‐Exacerbators,” and their adverse renal outcomes (renal progression [decrease in eGFR by 30 mL/min lasted for more than 12 months during follow up], acute kidney injury [AKI], and annual rate of eGFR decline) in the ensuing 7 years were compared. Results were also analyzed in the 1:1 propensity score matched (PSM) cohort.

Results

A total of 7929 patients (1074 “Exacerbators” group and 6855 “Non‐exacerbators”) were followed for 6.2 ± 1.6 years. A total of 1570 patients (19.8%) had renal progression, and 935 (11.8%) patients developed AKI. “Exacerbators” showed significantly increased risk of renal progression (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1. 27 [95% CI 1.08–1.50, p = 0.003]), more rapid eGFR decline (−3.67 [−1.74 to −6.54] vs. −3.03 [−1.56 to −5.12] mL/min/1.73 m2/year, p = 0.004) and AKI (aOR 1.99; 95% CI 1.44–2.73, p < 0.001) than the “Non‐exacerbators.” Annual number of BE was associated with renal progression (aOR 1.45; 95% CI 1.22–1.72, p < 0.001) and AKI (aOR 2.00; 95% CI 1.38–2.91, p < 0.001). Results were consistent in the analysis with the PSM cohort.

Conclusions

Renal progression and AKI are common among patients with bronchiectasis, and BE is an independent risk factor for adverse renal outcomes.
Integrating Model‐Informed Drug Development With AI: A Synergistic Approach to Accelerating Pharmaceutical Innovation
Authors: Raman Karthik , Kumar Rukmini , Musante Cynthia J. , Madhavan Subha
Published: January 2025

The pharmaceutical industry constantly strives to improve drug development processes to reduce costs, increase efficiencies, and enhance therapeutic outcomes for patients. Model‐Informed Drug Development (MIDD) uses mathematical models to simulate intricate processes involved in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, as well as pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Artificial intelligence (AI), encompassing techniques such as machine learning, deep learning, and Generative AI, offers powerful tools and algorithms to efficiently identify meaningful patterns, correlations, and drug–target interactions from big data, enabling more accurate predictions and novel hypothesis generation. The union of MIDD with AI enables pharmaceutical researchers to optimize drug candidate selection, dosage regimens, and treatment strategies through virtual trials to help derisk drug candidates. However, several challenges, including the availability of relevant, labeled, high‐quality datasets, data privacy concerns, model interpretability, and algorithmic bias, must be carefully managed. Standardization of model architectures, data formats, and validation processes is imperative to ensure reliable and reproducible results. Moreover, regulatory agencies have recognized the need to adapt their guidelines to evaluate recommendations from AI‐enhanced MIDD methods. In conclusion, integrating model‐driven drug development with AI offers a transformative paradigm for pharmaceutical innovation. By integrating the predictive power of computational models and the data‐driven insights of AI, the synergy between these approaches has the potential to accelerate drug discovery, optimize treatment strategies, and usher in a new era of personalized medicine, benefiting patients, researchers, and the pharmaceutical industry as a whole.
Proposal for Clinical Management of Nodules Diagnosed as Atypia of Undetermined Significance via Thyroid Fine‐Needle Aspiration Cytology in the Absence of Molecular Testing
Authors: Suzuki Ayana , Hirokawa Mitsuyoshi , Kawakami Makoto , Kudo Takumi , Miyauchi Akira , Akamizu Takashi
Published: January 2025

Objective

Molecular testing is recommended for risk stratification of atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) nodules in the USA; however, it is not routinely performed in some countries owing to limited availability and affordability. Here, we propose a risk stratification algorithm for AUS nodules when molecular testing is unavailable.

Methods

We examined 304 (4.3%) AUS nodules among 7073 thyroid fine‐needle aspiration cytology specimens examined at Kuma Hospital from January 2020 to December 2020. Clinical data were obtained from the medical records of Kuma Hospital.

Results

AUS with nuclear atypia and AUS‐other each accounted for half of the total AUS nodules. The repeat aspiration rate was 19.7%; 61.7% of the nodules were reclassified as benign or malignant upon repeat aspiration. Resection rate and overall risk of malignancy (ROM) were 32.6% and 12.8%, respectively. Architectural atypia showed the lowest (1.1%) overall ROM in the AUS nodules. For AUS with nuclear atypia, nodules ≤ 10 mm in size showed significantly lower overall ROM than those of > 10 mm, and nodules with ultrasonographically low suspicion showed significantly lower overall ROM than those with intermediate to high suspicion. AUS nodules with atypical lymphoid cells, possible medullary thyroid carcinoma, or possible parathyroid lesion were confirmed using flow cytometry, biochemical testing using needle washout fluid or immunocytochemistry, respectively.

Conclusions

Our proposed clinical management algorithm for each subdivision according to cytological findings, based on repeat aspiration rates, ROM, ultrasound findings and results of ancillary tests except for molecular testing, should be useful for the clinical management of AUS nodules.
Influence of host species and seasonal interactions on bacterial community structure in fungus‐growing termites: Insights into symbiotic adaptation and ecological function
Authors: Jannual Nicharee , Kongthong Pornsinee , Kaewgrajang Tharnrat , Hasin Sasitorn , Nipitwattanaphon Mingkwan
Published: January 2025

Interactions between species and environmental factors play a key role in shaping ecological and evolutionary dynamics. Understanding these interactions provides insight into how they drive species adaptation and influence the structure of bacterial communities.

Fungus‐growing termites essentially have a symbiotic relationship with Termitomyces fungi. Termites grow fungus gardens in their nests in structures called fungus combs, where mycelia and nodules serve as a food source for termites geminated from the digestion of plant materials by termite workers. Bacteria also play a crucial role in cellulose degradation alongside fungal symbionts.

This study used 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing to explore the bacterial communities in fungus‐growing termites by considering multiple factors: termite species, sample types (gut, fungus comb), vegetative types and seasons.

Termite species emerged as the primary driver shaping these bacterial communities (16.7%). Additionally, interactions between termite species and season (8.7%) and between termite species and sample type (6.0%) significantly influenced the bacterial communities (p‐value <0.05).

Fifteen genera were identified as core microbiota, comprising over 50% of the total bacterial composition across all termite species. This dominance suggests that these core taxa play a vital role in the degradation processes that support the termite hosts.

Our study indicated the impact of ecological factors, such as seasonality, in shaping the bacterial community in fungus‐growing termites. Understanding these interactions is essential to uncover how bacterial communities adapt to changing environments and sustain the ecological balance within the termite ecosystem, offering broader insights into microbial ecology and host–microbe coevolution.
The evolving role of nursing informatics in the era of artificial intelligence
Authors: Nashwan Abdulqadir J. , Cabrega JC A. , Othman Mutaz I. , Khedr Mahmoud Abdelwahab , Osman Yasmine M. , El‐Ashry Ayman Mohamed , Naif Rami , Mousa Ahmad A.
Published: January 2025

Aim

This narrative review explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into nursing informatics and examines its impact on nursing practice, healthcare delivery, education, and policy.

Background

Nursing informatics, which merges nursing science with information management and communication technologies, is crucial in modern healthcare. The emergence of AI presents opportunities to improve diagnostics, treatment, and healthcare resource management. However, integrating AI into nursing practice also brings challenges, including ethical concerns and the need for specialized training.

Sources of evidence

A comprehensive literature search was conducted from January 2013 to December 2023 using databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Articles were selected based on their relevance to AI's role in nursing informatics, particularly in enhancing patient care and healthcare efficiency.

Discussion

AI significantly enhances nursing practice by improving diagnostic accuracy, optimizing care plans, and supporting resource allocation. However, its adoption raises ethical issues, such as data privacy concerns and biases within AI algorithms. Ensuring that nurses are adequately trained in AI technologies is essential for safe and effective integration.

Implications for nursing practice and policy

Policymakers should promote AI literacy programs for healthcare professionals and develop ethical guidelines to govern the use of AI in healthcare. This will ensure that AI tools are implemented responsibly, protecting patient rights and enhancing healthcare outcomes.

Conclusion

AI offers promising advancements in nursing informatics, leading to more efficient patient care and improved decision‐making. Nonetheless, overcoming ethical challenges and ensuring AI literacy among nurses are critical steps for successful implementation.
Advancing Quality and Safety Culture in Healthcare: Insights From the Evaluation of an Improvement Science Program for Nurses and Midwives
Authors: Archer Yasmine , Chasle Briony , Macpherson Amanda , Wilson Val
Published: January 2025

Aims

This paper presents the outcomes and insights gained from the implementation of an Improvement Science program tailored for nursing and midwifery staff within a large local health district in New South Wales. The programme aimed to enhance frontline clinicians' confidence and capability in quality improvement, ultimately improving patient outcomes and safety culture.

Design

Through an explanatory sequential mixed‐methods evaluation study, we assessed the programme's effectiveness in building capacity, sustaining practice changes and fostering a culture of continuous improvement.

Methods

Quantitative data were collected through pre‐post knowledge surveys, post workshop feedback and programme participation rates. Qualitative data were then collected via nine interviews with programme participants. Simple descriptive statistical analysis for quantitative data and a thematic analysis of qualitative data was undertaken. Data were then integrated from these multiple sources to gain a deeper understanding of the outcomes of the Improvement Science Program.

Results

Key findings indicate that coaching and mentoring support significantly contributed to project completion and sustained practice changes. Structured coaching sessions, collaborative team meetings, and executive sponsorship were vital components that facilitated successful outcomes. Notably, effective leadership, often demonstrated by Clinical Nurse Educators and Consultants, played a crucial role in fostering staff collaboration and participation. Insights from qualitative interviews highlight the transformative impact of the programme on participants' skills, confidence and practice.

Conclusion

The paper concludes with recommendations for future Improvement Science programs, emphasising the importance of structured coaching, accountability mechanisms, and the identification and support of future coaches. Overall, this study underscores the value of ongoing training initiatives in promoting a culture of safety, quality improvement and enhanced patient outcomes in healthcare settings.

Patient or Public Contribution

This study had no patient or public contribution.

Reporting Method

Adherence to Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) EQUATOR guidelines (see ).
Advanced maternal age is a risk factor for both early and late gestational diabetes mellitus: The Japan Environment and Children's Study
Authors: Tagami Kazuma , Iwama Noriyuki , Hamada Hirotaka , Tomita Hasumi , Kudo Rie , Kumagai Natsumi , Wang Hongxin , Izumi Seiya , Watanabe Zen , Ishikuro Mami , Obara Taku , Metoki Hirohito , Miura Yuichiro , Ota Chiharu , Sugiyama Takashi , Kuriyama Shinichi , Arima Takahiro , Yaegashi Nobuo , Saito Masatoshi ,   The Japan Environment and Children's Study Group
Published: January 2025

Aims

This study investigated the association between maternal age and early and late gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods

In total, 72,270 pregnant women were included in this prospective birth cohort study. Associations between maternal age and early GDM (diagnosed at <24 gestational weeks) and late GDM (diagnosed at ≥24 gestational weeks) were evaluated using a multinomial logistic regression model with possible confounding factors. The reference category was maternal age of 30–34.9 years.

Results

Higher maternal age was associated with higher odds of early and late GDM (P‐value for trend <0.0001 and <0.0001, respectively). The adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for early GDM with maternal age of 35–39.9 years and ≥40 were 1.399 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.134–1.725) and 2.494 (95% CI: 1.828–3.402), respectively. The aORs for late GDM with maternal age of 35–39 years and ≥40 were 1.603 (95% CI: 1.384–1.857) and 2.276 (95% CI: 1.798–2.881), respectively.

Conclusions

Higher maternal age was associated with an increased risk of GDM regardless of when GDM was diagnosed. The association between maternal age and early GDM was similar to that between maternal age and late GDM.
Transformative learning to politicized collective identity: How cisgender parents and caregivers of transgender and gender diverse youth become change makers for TGD justice
Authors: Kattari Leonardo
Published: January 2025

The aim of this article is to provide a theoretical application of transformative learning theory and politicized collective identity framework to examine the process cisgender parents and caregivers of transgender and gender diverse (TGD) children undergo to become advocates for TGD justice. With an intensifying anti‐TGD political climate and anti‐TGD rhetoric, this novel approach to understanding identity development through the lens of these two theories provides a timely and relevant framework for future research to explore motivators for participation in civic engagement for TGD justice among parents and caregivers.
Analysis of Immunometabolic Profiles in Patients With Chronic Drug‐Induced Liver Injury and Validation in Mice to Reveal Potential Mechanisms
Authors: Zhai Xingran , He Xian , Huang Ang , Liu Zherui , Chen Shaoting , Chang Binxia , Zhu Yun , Xie Huan , Bai Zhaofang , Xiao Xiaohe , Sun Ying , Wang Jiabo , Lu Yawen , Zou Zhengsheng
Published: January 2025

Background

The mechanism underlying chronic drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) remains unclear. Immune activation is a common feature of DILI progression and is closely associated with metabolism. We explored the immunometabolic profile of chronic DILI and the potential mechanism of chronic DILI progression.

Methods

Plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with chronic DILI were analyzed using multiplex immunoassays and untargeted metabolomics to reveal their immunometabolic profile. The effects and potential mechanisms of chronic DILI‐related metabolite on acute or chronic liver injury induced by LPS or CCl4 in mice were investigated.

Results

Patients with chronic DILI exhibited elevated plasma IL‐6, IL‐12p70, IL‐15 and reduced IL‐10 levels. The percentage of IL‐12+ monocytes was higher, while that of CD206+ monocytes, IL‐10+ monocytes, Th2, Treg, and IL‐10+ CD4+ T cells were lower in patients with chronic DILI compared to those with acute DILI. We identified the most significantly increased metabolite in patients with chronic DILI was cis‐aconitic acid (CAA). Administration of CAA can attenuate liver injury in mice with acute liver injury induced by LPS or CCl4 and promote the spontaneous resolution of liver fibrosis in mice with chronic live injury induced by CCl4. The protective mechanism of CAA against liver injury is associated with the inhibition of hepatic macrophage infiltration and polarization, which is achieved by inhibiting the secretion of neutrophil‐derived IL‐33 and subsequent phosphorylation of GATA3.

Conclusions

CAA, which is elevated in patients with chronic DILI, protects against liver injury by inhibiting hepatic macrophage infiltration and polarization through the suppression of the IL‐33/GATA3 pathway, suggesting that CAA may serve as a potential target for regulating tissue repair in liver injury.
Associations Between Peak Expiratory Flow and Community Mobility Loss Among Older Adults in the United States
Authors: Mathis Lindsey M. , Sun Na , Ho Simon K. , White Lane S. , Addison Odessa , Savin Douglas N. , Falvey Jason R.
Published: January 2025

Background

Community mobility is a vital patient‐centered outcome for older adults living in the community. These deficits in mobility are linked to social isolation, increased hospitalizations, and higher mortality rates. Impaired pulmonary function may be a modifiable risk factor for mobility decline, with existing inequities in lung health potentially contributing disproportionately to mobility loss among Black older adults.

Materials/Methods

A cohort of 4742 community‐dwelling older adults (weighted n = 29,180,893) with self‐reported ability to walk 3 or more blocks in their community was drawn from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS). Pulmonary function was measured by PEF in NHATS. Community mobility loss was defined as self‐reported inability to walk ≥ 3 blocks in the 1‐year follow‐up assessment. Hierarchical multivariable logistic regression was used and adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, pain, and assistive device use.

Results

Overall, 73.7% of the sample had normal PEF, 18.6% had moderate impairment, and 7.7% had severe impairment. Those with severe impairment were more likely to be male and identify as Black. In unadjusted analyses, 8.8% of older adults with normal PEF experienced mobility loss, compared with 12.7% of those with moderate impairment, and 19.7% with severe impairment. Odds of mobility loss were 111% higher for those with severe PEF impairment as compared to those with normal PEF (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.2–3.7) in fully adjusted models, with weaker relationships being observed for those with moderately impaired PEF (OR = 1.2, 95% CI 0.8–1.8).

Conclusions

Nearly 8%, or an estimated 1 million community‐ambulating U.S. older adults, had severe impairments in peak expiratory flow in 2015; these older adults have a substantially higher risk of losing the ability to ambulate community distances over the subsequent year.
Cognitive Trajectory Before and After Cataract Surgery: A Population‐Based Approach
Authors: Joo Hyundeok , Diaz‐Ramirez L. Grisell , Chen Catherine L. , Sun Catherine Q. , Smith Alexander K. , Boscardin W. John , Whitlock Elizabeth L.
Published: January 2025

Background

Cataract surgery is the most common surgical procedure performed for older US adults. Cataracts are associated with poor cognition and higher rates of dementia, but whether cataract surgery improves cognition for US older adults is not known. We examined the relationship between cataract surgery and long‐term change in cognition in the Health and Retirement Study, a population‐based study of older US adults linked with Medicare billing data.

Methods

We analyzed community‐dwelling participants who underwent cataract surgery between 2000 and 2018, propensity‐matched on age, sex, education (four levels), diabetes status (four levels), pre‐procedural latent cognition, vision impairment, and interview timing and mode to older adults who did not have cataract surgery during the study period. Cataract surgery date was ascertained using Medicare billing data. We calculated latent value of cognition using biennial self/proxy cognitive assessments, and used linear mixed effects models adjusting for demographic and health factors to model cognition from 5 years before, to 5 years after, cataract surgery (or a simulated event, for controls). The primary measure was difference‐in‐differences estimate of latent cognition comparing the year prior, to the year after, cataract surgery or a simulated event.

Results

We analyzed 4384 older adults who underwent cataract surgery and 4384 matched controls (mean [SD] age 76.1 [6.8] years, 62.0% women, 83.9% non‐Hispanic white). Across the first postoperative year, cataract surgical participants declined 0.002 (−0.002 to 0.006) units faster than nonsurgical controls (p = 0.37), equivalent to 8 (−10 to 26) days more cognitive aging. Post hoc subgroup analyses also found no difference in cognition for groups stratified by pre‐procedural latent cognition (i.e., normal vs. cognitively impaired) or vision (i.e., vision‐impaired vs. intact).

Conclusion

Under typical United States practice, cataract surgery for older patients was not significantly associated with cognitive improvement or decline in the year after, compared with the year before, surgery.
The Role of Gli1+ Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Craniofacial Development and Disease Treatment
Authors: Li Wen , Jiang Han , Hu Longshuang , Shen Tianjiao , Chen Qianming
Published: January 2025

Objective

This review summarises the role of Gli1+ (Glioma‐associated oncogene homologue 1) mesenchymal stem cells in craniofacial growth and development or tissue repair, and their application in the treatment of some diseases.

Design

The search for this narrative review was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science using relevant keywords, including checking reference lists of journal articles by hand searching.

Results

Gli1+ mesenchymal stem cells play an important role in the growth and development of the skull, tooth, periodontium and mandibular condyle. They can be applied to the treatment of pulp and periodontal diseases, temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis and other diseases.

Conclusions

Gli1+ mesenchymal stem cells are crucial for the development and repair of craniofacial tissue.
Inclusion of Black Soldier Fly Larval Oil in Ruminant Diets Influences Feed Consumption, Nutritional Digestibility, Ruminal Characteristics, and Methane Estimation in Thai‐Indigenous Steers
Authors: Prachumchai Rittikeard , Suntara Chanon , Kanakai Natdanai , Cherdthong Anusorn
Published: January 2025

The objective of this study was to examine the impact of black soldier fly larval oil (BSFO) on feed consumption, nutritional digestibility, ruminal characteristics and methane (CH4) estimation in Thai‐indigenous steers. Four male Thai native steers (Bos indicus) weighing 383 ± 9.0 kg were used in this investigation. The experimental design employed was a 4 × 4 Latin square, involving four cattle assigned to four dietary treatments. These treatments included a basal diet (control group) and a concentrate diet containing varying levels of BSFO at 1%, 2% and 4% DM, respectively. Rice straw intakes, and total and nutritional intakes of organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (and) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) decreased significantly and linearly with the amount of BSFO incorporated (p < 0.05). The digestibility of DM and OM changed quadratically (p < 0.05) across different BSFO inclusion doses, with the highest values of 65.6% and 69.0%, respectively. Furthermore, the addition of BSFO improved the EE digestibility (p < 0.05) when compared with the control group. The addition of various BSFO doses did not result in significant changes in ruminal pH, temperature, ammonia‐nitrogen (NH3‐N) levels or blood urea‐nitrogen (BUN) (p > 0.05). However, the introduction of increasing amounts of BSFO into the diet led to a reduction in protozoal populations (p < 0.01). When rumen fluid was sampled at 0 and 4 h after feeding, the 2% BSFO‐treated group had a greater propionic acid level (p < 0.05) than the no‐BSFO‐fed group. The CH4 estimate in the rumen of the steers exhibited notable variations among those administered different doses of BSFO (p < 0.05), with a linear decline observed as the oil dose increased. In conclusion, the inclusion of 2% BSFO in diets led to enhanced digestibility and higher propionic acid concentrations, along with reductions in protozoal population and CH4 emissions.
Better sleep hygiene is associated with better sleep health in mining shift workers in Australia
Authors: Beranek Philipp , Dunican Ian C. , Cruickshank Travis , Turner Mitchell
Published: January 2025

Australia's mine sites are largely situated in remote locations and operate around the clock. Many shift workers fly to site, where they work 12‐hr shifts and sleep in camp accommodation before they return home for the period rostered off work. Mining shift workers experience poor sleep, yet limited research is available on contributing factors. This study investigated, for the first time, the relationship between the sleep health and sleep hygiene in this population. A survey was disseminated to shift workers in the mining industry, utilising a cross‐sectional study design. The Sleep Health Index and Sleep Hygiene Index questionnaires were used to evaluate their sleep health and sleep hygiene, respectively. In total, 470 shift workers (mean age [years]: 39 ± 12, mean body mass index [kg m−2]: 28 ± 5) were included, which involved 132 females. Average scores for the Sleep Health Index and Sleep Hygiene Index were 76 ± 15 and 30 ± 7, respectively. Better sleep health was observed in shift workers with better sleep hygiene (β = −0.52, SE = 0.09 [−0.71, −0.34], p < 0.001). Differences in Sleep Health Index scores were found for individual Sleep Hygiene Index items related to “sleep regularity”, “sleep environment”, “mental health” and “time in bed extension”. However, no differences in Sleep Health Index scores were found for items related to “caffeine, alcohol or nicotine consumption” or “exercise” close to bedtime and “bedtime activities” (p > 0.05 for all). These findings demonstrate a relationship between sleep hygiene and sleep health; therefore, it may be possible to improve the sleep of shift workers by improving their sleep hygiene.
Medication compliance by cat owners prescribed treatment for home administration
Authors: Odom Thomas F. , Riley Christopher B. , Benschop Jackie , Hill Kate E.
Published: January 2025

Background

Most veterinary literature examining medication compliance has described the phenomenon in dogs. The evidence available regarding factors affecting cat owner medication compliance is limited.

Objectives

Identify and describe factors associated with cat owners' noncompliance with veterinary recommendations for pet medications, as well as client‐reported barriers and aids to administering medications prescribed by primary care veterinarians.

Subjects

Cat owners presenting their animals for veterinary examination and treatment.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey of cat owners' compliance with veterinary medication recommendations was performed from January 9, 2019, to July 18, 2020. A convenience sample of owners prescribed medication for their pets by veterinarians during or after elective veterinary examination was recruited to respond to questions regarding medication administration experience and compliance. Follow‐up was obtained from owners to determine if the course of medication had been completed. Compliance data were analyzed descriptively, and logistic regression was performed.

Results

Medication noncompliance was recorded for 39% (26/66) of cat owners. A quarter (16/66) reported challenges in administering medication to their pets; the most commonly cited reason was a resistant pet. Oral administration of antibiotics was significantly associated with noncompliance (P = .01). Clients with limited pet ownership experience were less likely to be noncompliant (P = .04).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Clients' inability to medicate their cats PO may have implications for clinical outcomes and antimicrobial stewardship. Alternatives to direct PO administration of solid‐form medications in cats should be considered. Demonstrating administration techniques to all clients may improve compliance and influence clinical outcome.
Daybooks: Writers' notebooks reveal the processes, genre choices and reflections of fourth‐grade writers
Authors: Kissel Brian
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the following case study was to examine the daybooks of 3 fourth‐grade writers who autonomously determined the content they included across the pages of their composition books. Three themes emerged from an analysis of their daybooks: (1) Students used their daybooks to engage their writing process; (2) students used their daybooks to draft in a variety of genres and (3) students used their daybooks as a space for reflection. This study suggests that, when provided with the proper conditions for writing, students use their daybooks in multiple ways to support them as writers.
Systematic meteorite collection in the Catalina Dense Collection area (Chile): Description and statistics
Authors: Sadaka Carine , Gattacceca Jérôme , Gounelle Matthieu , Roskosz Mathieu , Lagain Anthony , Tartese Romain , Bonal Lydie , Maurel Clara , Martinez Rodrigo , Valenzuela Millarca
Published: January 2025

We present the outcome of search campaigns conducted in the Catalina Dense Collection area (DCA) located in the central depression of the Atacama Desert, Chile. The “Catalina Systematic Collection” (CSC) was assembled through systematic on‐foot searches, resulting in a total of 1599 meteorites, before pairing, collected over a surface of 6.80 km2. This yielded a recovery density of 235 meteorites per km2 (67 meteorites >20 g per km2), making it the densest among hot deserts, even higher than the neighboring El Médano DCA collection. This confirms that the central depression of the Atacama Desert holds the highest meteorite density among hot deserts. We classified 457 meteorites weighing more than 20 g. After correcting for various recovery biases, we estimated a true meteorite density on the ground of 131 meteorites per km2 for meteorites >20 g before pairing. Using a probabilistic approach, we calculated an average pairing likelihood, yielding 71 meteorites >20 g per km2 after pairing. This high density is likely linked to an old age of the CSC, which would also explain the absence of carbonaceous chondrites, as they are more prone to alteration by abrasion. This long meteorite accumulation period is related to the long‐term hyper‐aridity and surface stability of the Atacama Desert, which have persisted for several million years. Meteorites from the CSC show less chemical weathering on average than in other hot deserts, despite the long accumulation period. The H/L ratio in the CSC is higher than in meteorites from other hot deserts, Antarctica, and falls, but similar to the El Médano collection, potentially reflecting variations in the composition of the meteorite flux over the past Myr.
A meta‐analysis of eHealth interventions to promote physical activity in young, middle‐aged, and late middle‐aged adults with obesity or overweight
Authors: Lee Seungmin , Ahn Soyeon , Patel Priya , Myers Nicholas D.
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study was to calculate the effects of recent eHealth interventions to promote physical activity in young, middle‐aged, and late middle‐aged adults with obesity or overweight. This meta‐analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses guidelines. In the search, 3550 articles were identified, and 15 studies met all inclusion criteria. The effects of recent eHealth interventions depended on the type of outcome variable: (a) intensity‐based physical activity (e.g., moderate‐to‐vigorous‐intensity physical activity, average minutes per day from intensity categories, steps per day) or (b) energy expenditure‐based physical activity (e.g., metabolic equivalent of task, kilocalories per week). The overall effects of recent eHealth interventions on the physical activity outcomes in adults with obesity were positive and ranged from small to medium in size. Ethnicity and weight status moderated the effects of recent eHealth interventions on physical activity outcomes. Results from this meta‐analysis provided some evidence for both the utility of, and possible improvements to, eHealth interventions to promote health‐enhancing physical activity in at‐risk populations.
Leisure‐Time Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Biological Aging: Evidence From Genetic Correlation and Mendelian Randomization Analyses
Authors: Zhao Xunying , Wu Xueyao , He Lin , Xiao Jinyu , Xiang Rong , Sha Linna , Tang Mingshuang , Hao Yu , Qu Yang , Xiao Changfeng , Qin Chenjiarui , Hou Jiaojiao , Deng Qin , Zhu Jiangbo , Zheng Sirui , Zhou Jinyu , Yu Ting , Yang Bin , Song Xin , Han Tao , Liao Jiaqiang , Zhang Tao , Fan Mengyu , Li Jiayuan , Jiang Xia
Published: January 2025

Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior are associated with higher risks of age‐related morbidity and mortality. However, whether they causally contribute to accelerating biological aging has not been fully elucidated. Utilizing the largest available genome‐wide association study (GWAS) summary data, we implemented a comprehensive analytical framework to investigate the associations between genetically predicted moderate‐to‐vigorous leisure‐time physical activity (MVPA), leisure screen time (LST), and four epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) measures: HannumAgeAccel, intrinsic HorvathAgeAccel, PhenoAgeAccel, and GrimAgeAccel. Shared genetic backgrounds across these traits were quantified through genetic correlation analysis. Overall and independent associations were assessed through univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR). A recently developed tissue‐partitioned MR approach was further adopted to explore potential tissue‐specific pathways that contribute to the observed associations. Among the four EAA measures investigated, consistent results were identified for PhenoAgeAccel and GrimAgeAccel. These two measures were negatively genetically correlated with MVPA (rg = −0.18 to −0.29) and positively genetically correlated with LST (rg = 0.22–0.37). Univariable MR yielded a robust effect of genetically predicted LST on GrimAgeAccel (βIVW = 0.69, p = 1.10 × 10−7), while genetically predicted MVPA (βIVW = −1.02, p = 1.50 × 10−2) and LST (βIVW = 0.37, p = 1.90 × 10−2) showed marginal effects on PhenoAgeAccel. Multivariable MR suggested an independent association between genetically predicted LST and GrimAgeAccel after accounting for MVPA and other important confounders. Tissue‐partitioned MR suggested skeletal muscle tissue associated variants to be predominantly responsible for driving the effect of LST on GrimAgeAccel. Findings support sedentary lifestyles as a modifiable risk factor in accelerating epigenetic aging, emphasizing the need for preventive strategies to reduce sedentary screen time for healthy aging.
The Periodic Table of the World's Religious and Philosophical Traditions: An Idea Whose Time Has Come?
Authors: Daffern Thomas Clough
Published: January 2025

This paper introduces the reader to the Periodic Table of the World's Religious and Philosophical Traditions (PTWRPT). It summarizes its background history, the conceptual thinking that underlies it, and explains why and how it was created. Using the same thinking that underlies Mendeleyev's Periodic Table of the Elements, it sets out in clear form all the world's different categories of religious and philosophical beliefs, showing the relationships and connections that exist between them. Each box of the table, as in Mendeleyev's table, gives the reader at a glance information about the faith tradition in question: when it was invented, how many people subscribe to that faith at the present, how many people in the whole of history up to now have followed this tradition, and which of the overall 16 categories of world faiths it belongs to. The table provides a basic bedrock of solid factual information for students to go on and explore the inner details of these complex traditions. Most importantly, it gives students the realization that the world's faiths, and our religious and philosophical traditions are far more complex and interesting than hitherto simplistic presentations have made out and that the subject deserves to be treated with as much seriousness as, say, chemistry, physics, or mathematics. The paper poses important philosophical questions about the metaphysical unity of ideas possibly underlying all these traditions and how the table can be of great value to frontline teachers and academics trying to get across the complexity of religious studies and philosophy to young minds.
Transport Infrastructure and Patterns of Trade in the Philippines
Authors: Go Eugenia
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates the effects of the Roll‐on Roll‐off Terminal System (RRTS) on domestic maritime trade patterns in the Philippines. The RRTS sought to bring down inter‐island trade cost by integrating road highways and sea ports through roll‐on roll‐off ships. Using an original dataset that tracks the historical development of RRTS routes over time, results suggest that RRTS port pairs trade 39% more compared to unconnected pairs with comparable characteristics. Transactions are 55% more frequent in RRTS routes, suggestive of inventory management as a key avenue of trade costs savings and the importance of RRTS' impact on the fixed costs of trade. Time‐sensitive products such as perishable agricultural goods and products broadly related to parts and components trade systematically benefit more from the RRTS. Overall, the gains of RRTS pairs do not come from displacing trade in non‐RRTS routes. Instead, nearby non‐RRTS ports experience substantial positive spillovers that could rival the direct effects of the RRTS.
International Production and Industrial Transformation: The Singapore Story
Authors: Athukorala Prema‐Chandra , Ekanayake Asanthe
Published: January 2025

The expansion of global manufacturing value chains (GMVCs) as a major mode of economic globalisation opens opportunities for latecomer countries to industrialise by carving out niches to specialise within the value chain, instead of producing a good from start to finish within their national boundaries. However, whether this provides a pathway for self‐sustained industrialisation remains a debatable issue. Sceptics argue that, since multinational enterprises (MNEs) dominate upper‐end activities of the value chain, a country located in the lower rungs has little room for industrial upgrading. This paper aims to contribute to this debate through a case study of Singapore, the first country to embark on an MNE‐led export‐oriented industrialisation strategy based on the prophetic foresight of unfolding opportunities for global economic integration within GMVCs. The findings suggest that, while Singapore had some country‐specific advantages, it was hardheaded national development policy that was instrumental in transforming the country from ‘the third world to the first’ within a generation. The key general lesson from the Singaporean experience is that industrialisation success within GMVCs requires embedding foreign direct investment (FDI) promotion in a comprehensive national development strategy and recalibrating the development strategy in line with evolving patterns of international production.