bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Disintegrant Properties of Silicified

Oryza sativa Starch Co-Processed with

Dioscorea dumentorum Starch in Directly Compressed Paracetamol Tablet Formulations
Authors: Dzever Joy , Adewale  Adetunji Oladapo
Published: November 2021

Starch is a readily available excipient which finds application in the pharmaceutical industry as binders, diluents and disintegrants. The use of starch is however limited by its poor flow characteristics. Co-processing exploits the desirable attributes of excipients, while masking the undesirable properties. Co-processed starch, thus presents great potential for use in formulation of directly compressed tablets which require materials with strong inherent cohesive and free flowing properties. In this study, Dioscorea dumentorum (Family: Dioscoreaceae) Starch (DdS) is co-processed with silicified rice starch (SRS) obtained from Oryza sativa; Family: Poaceae was incorporated as a disintegrant in directly compressed paracetamol tablet formulations in comparison with silicified rice starch and Avicel® as the official standard.

Rice and DdS were extracted following standard procedures. The rice starch was silicified using colloidal silicon dioxide and co-processed with DdS in the ratio SRS:DdS (1:2). The DdS, SRS and SRS:DdS (1:2) were characterized using FTIR, particle size, angle of repose, bulk and tapped densities, Hausner ratio and Carr’s index. Paracetamol powder was directly compressed into tablets incorporating the co-processed excipient (SRS:DdS; 1:2) as disintegrants alongside Avicel®, SRS and DdS at varying concentrations (10% w/w, 15% w/w, 20% w/w, 25% w/w). The properties of the tablets were evaluated using friability, crushing strength and disintegration as the assessment parameters. Measurements were made in triplicates and the results were statistically analyzed.

The yield of the starches was 41% w/w and 39% w/w for rice starch and DdS respectively. Silicifying the rice starch markedly improved the flow of the starch with a change of Carr’s index and Hausner ratio from 16.7 and 1.32 to 2.33 and 1.02 respectively. Tablets containing Avicel® had better crushing strength and friability values than those containing SRS: 2DdS at all disintegrant concentrations. The disintegration times for Avicel® and SRS: DdS compared favourably at all concentrations of disintegrant and at 15% w/w disintegrant, SRS: DdS showed better disintegrant properties than Avicel®.
Architecture and/as Choreography: Concepts of Movement and the Politics of Space
Authors: Beisswanger Lisa
Published: November 2021

Dance projects exploring and interpreting architecture through choreography have become increasingly popular over the past two decades. This article takes a similar but theoretical approach, using the concept of choreography as a lens to look at the underlying scripts that shape the ways in which subjects move in, and are being moved by, architecture. Typically associated with the field of dance, choreography refers to spatial ordering principles, evoking highly political questions of authorship and authority, interpretation, improvisation, appropriation, accessibility, inclusion, and exclusion. Applying historical and comparative analysis, this article focuses on seminal examples from the fields of 20th-century Western dance and architecture. By mapping out evolving concepts and constellations of architecture and/as choreography, it aims to help create awareness of the spatial politics of architecture and their historical situatedness.
Designing Movement, Modulating Mood
Authors: Robinson Sarah
Published: November 2021

This article illustrates how the isomorphism between bodily form and emotional expression is manifest in architectural experience through applying research findings in the fields of cognitive science, phenomenology, and psychology to practical examples in the work of Aldo van Eyck, Alvar Aalto, Rosan Bosch, Herman Hertzberger, Steen Eiler-Rasmussen, and Gaston Bachelard. Beginning with the micro-scale movement in facial expressions to larger scale patterns of collective movement and mood, this work understands architecture in its activeverbal form, as a patterning force capable of modulating rhythms and resonances at individual and societal scales of interaction.
Estudio Transversal Hispano-Ecuatoriano: Discapacidades derivadas de Ictus cerebral
Authors: Sánchez Maldonado María Dolores , Ulloa López Jorge Luis , Verdejo Bravo Carlos , Arráez Aybar Luis Alfonso
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Currently, stroke is one of the main causes of disability in the world. Globally 5 million people acquire permanent disability each year for this cause; up to 30% of affected patients suffer from some type of disability. Early management of the patient can reduce the sequelae derived from the injury. The aim of this study is to find out if there are differences in disabilities derived from strokes, between the cities of Madrid (Spain) and Cuenca (Ecuador), in association with programmed early patient care. METHODS: This is an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study. The sample consisted of 40 patients diagnosed with stroke, 20 from Cuenca, Ecuador, and 20 from Madrid, Spain. Data was obtained from the patient’s medical records. Both groups were compared using Pearson’s Chi-square test (Χ2) for each studied variable. RESULTS: in the Madrid Group 80% of the strokes were ischemic, in the Cuenca Group 90% of the strokes were ischemic, there is not significant association. In both groups the highest percentage of sequelae occurred due to injury of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). There was no significant difference in the percentage of disabilities derived from stroke between the groups, the Madrid Group had a lower rate of derived disabilities (45%), compared to Cuenca Group (76%), but the differences was not significant (p=0.069); however, the association between the death percentage among the groups was statistically significant (p=0.003). CONCLUSION: No significant association was found in terms of etiology, risk factors and clinical characteristics of stroke between the groups. There are no significant differences in the sequelae derived from stroke between the groups, but there is significant difference in terms of death percentage between the groups, with the application of “Código Ictus” type of program.
Apendicitis aguda de presentación atípica, un reto diagnóstico. Reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Martínez Gaona Karla del Cisne , Barzallo Sánchez David Esteban , Galarza Armijos Mónica Eulalia
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Atypical appendicitis corresponds to approximately 39.3% of all appendicitis cases. Typically located appendicitis begins with acute pain around the belly button, which will later migrate to the right iliac fossa; however, the patient’s condition must be oriented in details that arise from a meticulous anamnesis, considering the patients history and the development of the symptoms. CASE REPORTS: 17-year-old male patient with history of right hepatectomy 15 years ago. He presented with five day evolution continuous abdominal pain, located in the right upper quadrant, nausea, vomiting and fever. Complementary laboratory tests evidenced: leukocytosis, neutrophilia, elevated procalcitonin and CRP. Tomography was suggestive of an inflammatory process in the lower right thoracic region and the right upper quadrant. A diagnostic laparoscopy was performed, it was converted into an exploratory laparotomy, showing purulent fluid in the right parietocolic gutter, adhesions, appendicular plastron in the right sub and retrohepatic region formed by the cecum, distal ileum, omentum and appendix. Retrohepatic appendix with perforation in the middle third, appendicular base and poor quality cecum. An appendectomy, cavity lavage was performed, with placement of a drain. EVOLUTION: During the postoperative period, the patient had a poor clinical evolution, with health care associated pneumonia, in addition to the need for a second surgical intervention due to the formation of a sub-hepatic collection. After 13 days of hospital care, after the second surgical intervention, he presented an adequate recovery and was discharged from the hospital. CONCLUSION: Physicians must have a high clinical suspicion of atypical location appendicitis in the presence of acute abdomen; since a late diagnosis of this cases increases the risk of complications, with perforation and peritonitis and prolonged hospital stay. The first-line treatment for complicated appendicitis is surgical intervention.
EFFORTS TO OVERCOME THE LACK OF INTEREST IN READING REFERENCE BOOK OF COURSES IN THE ERA OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0 (A STUDY OF MASTER STUDENTS IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION CLASS OF 2018)
Authors: Muhtadin Muhtadin
Published: November 2021

The title of this research is efforts to overcome lack of interest in reading reference book of courses in the industrial revolution 4.0 case study on student masters PAI class 2018. This research aims to know efforts by students for overcoming the lack of interest in reading of main reference book at an educational institution that is University. In addition, this study also aims to know the factors that cause lack of interest in reading so that we know how to overcome it. This research was conducted using descriptive qualitative research methods. Data were obtained by observing in advance during the learning process in class, then followed by some interviews which is considered to have understanding about the issues that will be investigated, regarding the efforts made to overcome the lack of interest in reading Student of Islamic religious education studies Masters Program FITK class 2018 towards the Lecture Reference Book in the Industrial Revolution Era 4.0. The results showed that the reasons of low interest in reading are they don't have reference book, the books are too thick, and lack of awareness of the importance of reading reference books. The efforts that students have to do are buying a lot of books, increasing and straightening the intention to read, turning on self awareness that reading reference books as an effort to quickly graduate.
THE ROLE OF INDONESIAN LANGUAGE TEACHERS TO FAMILIARIZE THEMSELVES WITH THE POSITIVE CHARACTER AT MI AL-IHSAN MEDARI SLEMAN
Authors: Wildan Nuril Ahmad Fauzi  , Muqowim
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this research is to know the role of Indonesian teachers in familiarizing the positive character in MI Al-Ihsan Medi. The methods in this study use qualitative with this type of case study. Data and data sources in this study include basic data and supporting data collection techniques in this study, using interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis technique with data reduction, data presentation and withdrawal of conclusions (verification). Checking the validity of data using triangulation. The results of the study concluded that the role of Indonesian teachers when familiarizing the behaviour of positive character in the school is, first the teacher domiciled into someone who caused the change. The teaching of a teacher as a figure is being drafted and imitated, because the teacher is a mirror for the development of students ' character education. The two teachers must continue to revive the spirit and ability of the learners.  All three teachers are able to unleash the potential of their own learners. The four teachers must be able to teach the learning that contains the character and contain activities on the stage of the deers, reading, writing, and speaking, so that the learners can know the qualities that have themselves.
THE COHESION OF TWO STUDENT GROUPS AND ITS IMPACT FOR LEARNING STRATEGIES AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Authors: Agustina Riza
Published: November 2021

Group cohesiveness is usually an interesting object of study in the context of social life and work management. However, cohesiveness can also be found in educational study areas. This study aims to determine the cohesiveness of the students of SD Negeri 2 Prambanan, find out the differences in cohesiveness between the independent groups and teacher formation groups, and the impact of the cohesiveness on the learning strategies. The quantitative methods are used to measure and to compare cohesiveness between the two groups using a t-test. The qualitative methods are used to narrate how teachers implement learning strategies according to student cohesiveness. The cohesiveness refers to the concept of Forsyth, which divides into the social, task, perceived, and emotional. This study finds that first, the group cohesiveness of students is in a moderate position. Second, the independent groups have significantly higher than the teacher formation groups. Third, there are five follow-ups in ​​learning strategies undertaken by the teacher, i.e. rearranging student seats, making students who have high group cohesiveness as group leaders, motivating students who have low cohesiveness to be actively involved in their groups, giving freedom to groups to compete, and applying various collaborative
Mezi prozaickým cyklem a románem. Kompoziční princip Staškových »Blouznivců našich hor«
Authors: CHARYPAR Michal
Published: November 2021

Studie se zabývá cyklem próz Antala Staška Blouznivci našich hor a interpretuje jej zejména z hlediska kompoziční výstavby. Komentuje proměny textu a jeho kompozice mezi časopiseckým vydáním jednotlivých próz ve Květech (1892–1894) a prvním knižním vydáním (ve 2 svazcích, 1895 a 1896). Cyklus pomocí prostředků analytického realismu pojednává o působení spiritistického hnutí v Pojizeří v severních Čechách v 80. letech 19. století. Zejména mikrokompozice ústřední povídky V stánku, tematizující spiritistickou seanci, při níž se potkávají ústřední postavy jednotlivých próz, ukazuje výrazně centripetální tvar cyklu. Staškovi Blouznivci vynikají i mezi dalšími českými texty téhož druhu, např. ve srovnání se sérií próz Prokopa Chocholouška Jih (1862–1863).
Categories in Topics I 9: A New Plea For a Traditional Interpretation
Authors: Fait Paolo
Published: November 2021

The list of katēgoriai presented at the start of Top. I 9 was traditionally interpreted as a version of the canonical Aristotelian list of categories, and as largely equivalent to the list we find in Categories 4. Accordingly, its first item, the ‘what it is’, was identified with the category of substance. This interpretation has been challenged by several scholars, all sharing the view that the ‘what it is’ in Top. I 9 cannot be substance, since it collects items belonging to all Aristotelian categories (e. g. human being, colour, length). Rather, they say, it is a manner of predication – i. e. essential predication – and can only determine an ontologically miscellaneous class of items. Against this family of proposals, I argue afresh that the traditional interpretation is almost entirely correct. To this purpose, I take advantage of the distinction between kinds of predicate and kinds of predication.
„Wir Nichtgnostiker“: Die Hitler-Engelhardt-Parallele in Christian Krachts Imperium
Authors: Feldhaus Stephan
Published: November 2021

In 2012 Georg Diez provoked a literary scandal with his review of Christian Kracht’s novel Imperium. Since then, almost ninety informed studies which show an ongoing academic interest in the book have been published. Many of these studies attempted to explain the apparently failing analogy between Hitler and Engelhardt that the novel claimed in an irritating manner. Nevertheless, none of them took an esoteric approach which Kracht himself suggested in an interview with Denis Scheck as a starting point for their analyses, although esoteric references seem to be an ignored constant in Kracht’s oeuvre since Tristesse Royale. Hence, by tracing this esoteric intertextuality in the whole of Kracht’s oeuvre and linking it to the references which Kracht makes to right-wing ideologies since Faserland, it will be shown that there actually does exist an analogy between Hitler and Engelhardt in Imperium which aims to deconstruct Hitler mythemes by ridiculizing Engelhardt. Furthermore, it will be demonstrated that the interrelations between Kracht’s texts create a rhizomatic network of intertextuality that dissolves the boarders between external references and self-references.
Coagulation parameters in the newborn and infant – the Copenhagen Baby Heart and COMPARE studies
Authors: Nielsen Sofie Taageby , Strandkjær Nina , Juul Rasmussen Ida , Hansen Malene Kongsgaard , Lytsen Rikke Mohr , Kamstrup Pia R. , Rode Line , Goetze Jens P. , Iversen Kasper , Bundgaard Henning , Frikke-Schmidt Ruth
Published: November 2021

Objectives

The coagulation system is not fully developed at birth and matures during the first months of infancy, complicating clinical decision making within hemostasis. This study evaluates coagulation parameters at birth and two months after birth, and tests whether cord blood can be used as a proxy for neonatal venous blood measurements.

Methods

The Copenhagen Baby Heart Study (CBHS) and the COMPARE study comprise 13,237 cord blood samples and 444 parallel neonatal venous blood samples, with a two month follow-up in 362 children.

Results

Because coagulation parameters differed according to gestational age (GA), all analyses were stratified by GA. For neonatal venous blood, reference intervals for activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) were 28–43 s and 33–61% for GA 37–39 and 24–38 s and 30–65% for GA 40–42. Reference intervals for international normalized ratio (INR) and thrombocyte count were 1.1–1.7 and 194–409 × 109/L for GA 37–39 and 1.2–1.8 and 188–433 × 109/L for GA 40–42. Correlation coefficients between umbilical cord and neonatal venous blood for APTT, PT, INR, and thrombocyte count were 0.68, 0.72, 0.69, and 0.77 respectively, and the distributions of the parameters did not differ between the two types of blood (all p-values>0.05).

Conclusions

This study describes new GA dependent reference intervals for common coagulation parameters in newborns and suggests that cord blood may serve as a proxy for neonatal venous blood for these traits. Such data will likely improve clinical decision making within hemostasis among newborn and infant children.
God, Man, and Nature: Life for Reason and the Reason Behind the Universe – A Panentheistic Approach to Life of Pi
Authors: Edman Timucin Bugra , Gozen Hacer
Published: November 2021

This article intends to lay out a comparative study of Karma philosophy and literature scrutinizing Yann Martel’s novel Life of Pi through a panentheistic approach. Because Karma is one of the predominant philosophies in the novel and permeates the general atmosphere, this article intends to scrutinize Yann Martel’s novel Life of Pi through a panentheistic approach. Although karma is a very complex issue, since anyone committing evil acts can claim to be a mere agent of karma delivering punishment to others for sins they committed in their past lives, it is true that according to karma, our actions have consequences which affect the entirety of our lives, and this can also be seen as free will. Yet while this approach tends to focus on the action and reaction mechanisms of life, the flow of life in the universe should still be carefully contemplated, since if we believe the first story, Pi’s survival not only depends on his choices, but also on the opportunities that the universe offers him. In that sense, if we are to accept God as the soul of the universe, then the universal spirit must be omnipresent and omnipotent while also capable of transforming into anything in terms of s panentheistic approach. Thus God, being greater than the universe, is the ultimate force that balances everything, and is also the biggest karma controller. For this reason, this article analyzes Life of Pi from both inductive and deductive slants to demonstrate that all roads lead to God, the omniscient.
Hydro-liquefaction of asphaltene catalyzed by molybdenum-nickel bimetallic catalysts in slurry bed
Authors: Wu Mengde , Li Guangci , Lu Mohong , Li Mingshi , Li Xuebing , Chung Keng , Chen Song
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study is to achieve the hydro-liquefaction of asphaltene for the production of liquid fuel. The oil soluble molybdenum catalysts, molybdenum dialkyl dithiophosphate, and nickel carboxylate precursor with different carbon chains, were synthesized. The catalysts were characterized by ICP-OES, TEM and XPS. Their catalytic performance for the hydro-liquefaction of asphaltene to liquid fuels was investigated in a slurry bed reactor by using decalin as hydrogen donor and dispersant. The results show that the bimetal catalytic system composed of molybdenum dialkyl dithiophosphate and caproic acid nickel produces more MoS2 and NiS
x
active species. The metal contents of which accounts for 81.8 and 81.0 wt% of the total amount of Mo and Ni, respectively, and thus exhibits the best catalytic performance among the catalysts studied. The liquid yield of the asphaltene hydrogenation over the bimetal catalyst is 84.6 wt%, which is much higher than that over other catalysts, and the coke content is only 8.6 wt% under the conditions of 1000 μg/g of total metal addition, 1:1 Mo/Ni metal mass ratio and 1:1 asphaltene/naphthalene mass ratio. The content of saturated and aromatic components in the liquid products of asphaltene hydrogenation of the bimetal catalyst system is 78.9 wt%, which is a high-quality liquid fuel component.
Book Review: Industrial green chemistry, Editors: Serge Kaliaguine and Jean-Luc Dubois
Authors: de Lasa Hugo I.
Published: November 2021

The book Industrial Green Chemistry, recently published by De Gruyter and co-edited by Serge Kaliaguine and Jean-Luc Dubois, provides several valuable examples of sustainable green chemical processes being developed today. The ten-chapter multi-author book, led by these two reputable researchers, opens a stimulating debate for the scientific community, bringing into focus new perspectives on green chemistry, by describing opportunities for sustainable chemical processes.
Improved in-vitro biocompatibility of LZ91 Mg–Li alloy by formation of nanostructured Ti coating through surface mechanical nano-alloying treatment
Authors: Sun Jian , Zhu Xiangcun , Chen Zhuo , Li Yi , Zhang Yonghong
Published: November 2021

Surface mechanical nano-alloying treatment (SMNAT) was employed to fabricate a nanostructured Ti coating on LZ91 Mg–Li alloy. Microstructure, surface hardness and in-vitro biocompatibility of the Ti-coated sample were investigated in comparison with those of an untreated sample. Experimental results showed that a nanostructured Ti coating with a thickness of 35 to 60 μm was formed after SMNAT for 2 h. The average grain size in the top surface of the Ti coating was about 30 nm. The surface of the Ti coating is rougher than that of the untreated LZ91 sample, in which the values of Ra, Rq and Rz were 7.83, 9.57 and 14.85 μm, respectively. The hardness of the Ti coating top surface was about 483 HV. Cell proliferation and differentiation on Ti coated samples were enhanced relative to those on the untreated samples.
“Robbery Made the Kingdom of Italy, Misery Will Unmake It”
Authors: Chiaruttini Maria Stella
Published: November 2021

This contribution analyses the nineteenth-century debate on one of the most hotly debated topics of Italian history: public debt and taxation. Starting in the 1850s, fiscal policies were weaponised by liberal nationalist elites and their opponents alike to promote their contrary worldviews by arguing over the merits of national unification and a parliamentary system on the basis of their fiscal outcomes. First Piedmont, then unified Italy, were eagerly expected by Catholics and Bourbon legitimists to default on their debts as a result of their moral and fiscal profligacy, while liberals were concerned about popular support for the national cause in a context of rising taxes. Southern Italy in particular was very vocal in denouncing its perceived fiscal mistreatment by the Italian government, an accusation the North rejected by portraying Southerners as unpatriotic tax evaders. Today, these narratives are re-emerging not only in public debates questioning the Risorgimento as the nation’s founding myth but also in the discourse about European integration.
Wann ist ein Unternehmen profitabel?
Authors: Hecker Christian
Published: November 2021

This paper analyses how the profitability of public companies in the Federal Republic of Germany has been measured since the 1950s and under which conditions corporations were considered successful. For this purpose, textbooks and arguments of leading business economists, speeches and publications of managing directors and companies’ annual reports are surveyed, in order to identify trends and policy changes. The paper demonstrates that the introduction of shareholder value approaches, based on financial market data, in the 1990s led to a fundamental change in management practices, connected to innovative financial accounting techniques. Since then, companies’ profitability has been assessed in relation to benchmarks derived from financial market data. Financial markets thus became increasingly relevant for decisionmaking processes in the real economy.
Complementary frequency selective surface pair-based intelligent spatial filters for 5G wireless systems
Authors: Kapoor Ankush , Mishra Ranjan , Kumar Pradeep
Published: November 2021

Frequency selective surface (FSS)-based intelligent spatial filters are capturing the eyes of the researchers by offering a dynamic behavior when exposed to the electromagnetic radiations. In this manuscript, a concept of creating complementary structures which stems from Babinet’s principle is illustrated. A hybrid complementary pair of FSS (CPFSS) comprising double square loop FSS (DSLFSS) and double square slot FSS (DSSFSS) on either side of the dielectric substrate is proposed. DSLFSS offers band-pass behavior and can be placed as a superstrate, whereas DSSFSS behaves as a band-stop intelligent spatial filter that blocks the radiations falling on it, thus making them applicable for use as a substrate. The technique utilized for analyzing DSLFSS and DSSFSS structures is based on the equivalent circuit modeling and transmission line methodology. The CPFSS structure offers the design simplicity, hence, suitable for placing them with the printed patch antenna radiators in wireless networking devices operating in sub-6 GHz 5G spectrum. DSLFSS offers band-pass behavior ranging from 2.99 to 5.56 GHz, whereas DSSFSS offers band-stop behavior ranging from 2.85 to 5.42 GHz covering all n77 (3.3–4.2 GHz), n78 (3.3–3.8 GHz), and n79 (4.4–5 GHz) bands of FR1 spectrum of sub-6 GHz 5G range. The passband and the stopband offered by the two structures of CPFSS geometry are stable to oblique angles of incidence and the proposed design also offers polarization-independent behavior. The thickness of the dielectric region existing within the pair of designed structures is critical for the location of the passbands and the stopbands. The impact of the overall thickness of the dielectric substrate on the passbands and stopbands is also reported in this article.
An energy, momentum, and angular momentum conserving scheme for a regularization model of incompressible flow
Authors: Ingimarson Sean
Published: November 2021

We introduce a new regularization model for incompressible fluid flow, which is a regularization of the EMAC (energy, momentum, and angular momentum conserving) formulation of the Navier–Stokes equations (NSE) that we call EMAC-Reg. The EMAC formulation has proved to be a useful formulation because it conserves energy, momentum, and angular momentum even when the divergence constraint is only weakly enforced. However, it is still a NSE formulation and so cannot resolve higher Reynolds number flows without very fine meshes. By carefully introducing regularization into the EMAC formulation, we create a model more suitable for coarser mesh computations but that still conserves the same quantities as EMAC, i.e., energy, momentum, and angular momentum. We show that EMAC-Reg, when semi-discretized with a finite element spatial discretization is well-posed and optimally accurate. Numerical results are provided that show EMAC-Reg is a robust coarse mesh model.
A posteriori error analysis of an enriched Galerkin method of order one for the Stokes problem
Authors: Girault Vivette , González María , Hecht Frédéric
Published: November 2021

We derive optimal reliability and efficiency of a posteriori error estimates for the steady Stokes problem, with a nonhomogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition, solved by a stable enriched Galerkin scheme (EG) of order one on triangular or quadrilateral meshes in ℝ2, and tetrahedral or hexahedral meshes in ℝ3.
Plato unmasks hidden limits of tele-education
Authors: Chervenak Frank A. , Grünebaum Amos , McCullough Laurence B.
Published: November 2021

Plato’s powerful metaphor of the Cave, from Republic, further advances a critical assessment of the hidden limits of distance learning. In the Cave, individuals are restrained to see only straight ahead to the images projected from behind them onto the wall in front of them. As in the Cave, in tele-education the dynamism of learning is replaced by passive learning. Not only do learners become largely passive with respect to their teacher, but also to each other. These effects are masked from teacher and learner alike by the technical prowess of distance learning and teaching, a version of Plato’s Cave. Tele-education has at least three undeniably salient features: safety, convenience, and cost savings. Two and a half millennia after Plato gave us the concept of mimesis and the metaphor of the Cave, we can use these philosophical tools to unmask hidden limits of tele-education.
Coordination behavior of PPh2{C6H4[CH2N(CH2CH2)2O]-2}: Case study CdCl2[PPh2{C6H4[CH2N(CH2CH2)2O]-2}]
Authors: Covaci Ancuța , Silvestru Cristian , Silvestru Anca
Published: November 2021

The reaction between CdCl2 and PPh2{C6H4 [CH2N(CH2CH2)2O]-2} (1) in a 1:1 molar ratio resulted in the cadmium(II) complex CdCl2[PPh2{C6H4[CH2N(CH2CH2)2O]-2}] (2). The complex 2 was characterized in solution by NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C, and 31P). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies revealed no intramolecular N→P interaction in 1. The phosphane ligand behaves as a P,N chelating moiety in the cadmium complex 2, thus resulting in a species containing distorted tetrahedral environments around cadmium and phosphorus. Short intermolecular interactions CH‧‧‧π aryl and CH‧‧‧O in 1 and CH‧‧‧π aryl and CH‧‧‧Cl in 2 resulted in supramolecular networks.
Synthesis of biogenic silver nanoparticles from the seed coat waste of pistachio (Pistacia vera) and their effect on the growth of eggplant
Authors: Khan Masudulla , Khan Azhar U. , Moon Il Soo , Felimban Raed , Alserihi Raed , Alsanie Walaa F. , Alam Mahboob
Published: November 2021

Herein, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using extracts of pistachio seed coat waste is investigated. The surface plasmon resonance peak at 443 nm was observed in the nanoparticles by using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). To identify potential biomolecules involved in the bio-reduction of silver ions, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) show irregular shapes with an average size of ∼20 nm. The active surface determined by Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller analysis was 22 m2/g. The effect of silver nanoparticles on eggplants sprayed with a nanoparticle suspension of 75 mg/L led to increased plant growth and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. The fly ash addition to the soil promoted plant growth. The highest increase in plant growth occurs when plants were sprayed with 75 ppm AgNPs in 20% fly ash amended soil.
The Role of Bias in Economic Models of Law
Authors: Miceli Thomas J. , Segerson Kathleen
Published: November 2021

Behavioral economics has highlighted the impact of various biases on economic outcomes. This essay reviews how biases have been incorporated into economic models of the law and the resulting implications for the assessment of different legal rules and policies. It focuses on two contexts. The first concerns biases that affect consumer purchases of risky products. Using a standard accident model that incorporates various forms of consumer bias, we discuss how bias can affect the efficient assignment of liability for product-related accidents. The second context concerns biases that affect the administration of law, particularly regarding the adjudication of guilt, the lawmaking function of trials, and criminal sentencing. We examine procedural rules like precedent and sentencing guidelines, both of which are aimed at curtailing judicial bias.
Verlauf und Inhalt der religiösen Bewältigung einer lebensbedrohlichen Krankheit
Authors: Frick Eckhard , Seidl Otmar
Published: November 2021

Der Verlauf der religiösen Bewältigung bei einer lebensbedrohlichen Krankheit ist noch weitgehend unbekannt. Religiöse Phantasien bestimmen den Inhalt dieser Bewältigung. Modellhaft wird dies bei der HIV-Infektion vor Einführung der antiretroviralen Kombinationstherapie untersucht.

105 HIV-infizierte Männer und Frauen (55 Homosexuelle, 30 Hämophile und 20 Drogenkonsumenten) wurden in einem sozialpsychologisch-tiefenpsychologischen Interview über ihre Krankheitsbewältigung befragt. Von dieser Gruppe wurden 65 Teilnehmende nach durchschnittlich 21 Monaten einer zweiten Befragung unterzogen, um den Verlauf des religösen Copings zu erfassen. Das religiöse Coping wurde im Fremdrating mittels der Berner Bewältigungsformen nach Heim et al. (1985) und die religiösen Inhalte wurden inhaltsanalytisch bestimmt.

Religiöse Bewältigung fand fast nur bei Homosexuellen statt. Im Verlauf nahm sie hochsignifikant an Intensität ab, und zwar unabhängig von der Verschlechterung der Krankheit. Ein Drittel schöpfte Kraft und Hilfe aus den religiösen Vorstellungen, ein Fünftel sah hier die Möglickeit einer aktiven Einflussnahme oder ordnete sich dem Willen Gottes unter. Bei den Gottesbildern überwogen die des strafenden oder verzeihenden Gottes, wobei die schuldhaft erlebte Homosexualität eine wichtige Rolle spielte.

Die religiöse Bewältigung spielt vor allem zu Beginn einer lebensbedrohlichen Krankheit eine Rolle. Dabei geht es um das Verständnis der Krankheit in einem spirituellen Kontext. Die religiöse Verarbeitung von Schuldgefühlen verdient eine besondere Beachtung bei der psychosozialen Betreuung der Patienten.
Bismuth-rich bimetallic clusters (CuBi8)3+ and [MBi10]4+ (M = Pd, Pt) from ionothermal synthesis
Authors: Knies Maximilian , Ruck Michael
Published: November 2021

The reaction of Bi, BiBr3, and CuBr in the Lewis-acidic ionic liquid [BMIm]Br·4AlBr3 (BMIm = 1-n-butyl-3-limidazolium) at 180 °C yielded air-sensitive, shiny black crystals of (CuBi8)[AlBr4]2[Al2Br7]. Crystals of [MBi10][AlCl4]4 (M = Pd, Pt) were obtained by reacting Bi, BiCl3, and MCl2 under similar conditions. The structures have been determined by X-ray diffraction on single-crystals and were found to be very similar to that of the known analogues with other halogens, although not isostructural. In crystals of the complex salts, polyhedral bimetallic clusters (CuBi8)3+ or [MBi10]4+ are embedded in matrices of halogenidoaluminate anions. The heteroatomic nido-cluster (CuBi8)3+ consists of a (Bi8)2+ square antiprism η4-coordinating a copper(I) cation. In the cluster cation [MBi10]4+, the metal atoms M center a pentagonal antiprism of bismuth atoms.
Independent component analysis combined with Laplace inversion of spectrally resolved spin-alignment echo/T
1 3D 7Li NMR of superionic Li10GeP2S12
Authors: Paulus Marc Christoffer , Paulus Anja , Eichel Rüdiger-Albert , Granwehr Josef
Published: November 2021

The use of independent component analysis (ICA) for the analysis of two-dimensional (2D) spin-alignment echo–T
1
7Li NMR correlation data with transient echo detection as a third dimension is demonstrated for the superionic conductor Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS). ICA was combined with Laplace inversion, or discrete inverse Laplace transform (ILT), to obtain spectrally resolved 2D correlation maps. Robust results were obtained with the spectra as well as the vectorized correlation maps as independent components. It was also shown that the order of ICA and ILT steps can be swapped. While performing the ILT step before ICA provided better contrast, a substantial data compression can be achieved if ICA is executed first. Thereby the overall computation time could be reduced by one to two orders of magnitude, since the number of computationally expensive ILT steps is limited to the number of retained independent components. For LGPS, it was demonstrated that physically meaningful independent components and mixing matrices are obtained, which could be correlated with previously investigated material properties yet provided a clearer, better separation of features in the data. LGPS from two different batches was investigated, which showed substantial differences in their spectral and relaxation behavior. While in both cases this could be attributed to ionic mobility, the presented analysis may also clear the way for a more in-depth theoretical analysis based on numerical simulations. The presented method appears to be particularly suitable for samples with at least partially resolved static quadrupolar spectra, such as alkali metal ions in superionic conductors. The good stability of the ICA analysis makes this a prospect algorithm for preprocessing of data for a subsequent automatized analysis using machine learning concepts.
Una historia sin sangre. un proyecto de patrimonialización de la técnica de interpretación musical del pito atravesao en Morroa, Sucre
Authors: Marcela Corredor Diana
Published: November 2021

Este artículo explora las tensiones entre el saber de los músicos piteros tradicionales de Morroa, Sucre, y el saber experto de funcionarios y académicos involucrados en un proyecto incipiente de patrimonialización de la técnica de interpretación del pito atravesao en ese municipio. Desde la investigación etnográfica basada en observación participante y entrevistas, analizo la manera en que el pito atravesao permite entender la historia y la cultura locales, así como el sonido propio y me detengo en el concepto de sangre de la comunidad, porque como dicen las y los músicos: “sin sangre no hay música”.
EFFECT OF THE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN ON THE STRENGTH ENDURANCE OF ABDOMINAL, TRUNK AND GLUTEAL MUSCLES
Authors: Pavlova V. , Paskaleva R. , Ivanova V.
Published: November 2021

PURPOSE. The objective of this study is to investigate the static strength endurance of abdominal, trunk and gluteal muscles both in physically active and physically inactive overweight children. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The object of study are 104 children aged 5-6 years in the period 2017-2018 on the territory of the town of Stara Zagora. To investigate the motor activity of children the survey method was used. To determine efficiency of trunk, abdominal and gluteal muscles modified Kraus-Weber test was used according to V. Zhelev, L. Venova. RESULTS. Weaker abdominal and trunk muscles were found in physically inactive children with no statistically significant differences (Р>0.05) between physically active and physically inactive ones. However, the results show the presence of statistically significant differences (P=0.01) of the mean values for the static strength endurance of gluteal muscles in physically active children 13,9±8,6 sec. and physically inactive children 10,3±9,4 sec. with the latter having weaker gluteal muscles, respectively. CONCLUSIONS. Further studies are needed to establish the relationship between the increased body mass of children and the strength endurance of abdominal, trunk and gluteal muscles of physically active and physically inactive children as an indicator counteracting total muscle hypotonia.
Tren Keluarga Bersepeda di Era New Normal
Authors: Nurrahmah Khairunnisa , Safitri Rahmi , Sumiati Sumiati , Fitriani Putri Diesy
Published: November 2021

Dalam mengisi kehidupan  di era kebiasaan baru atau new Normal ini masyarakat melakukan kegiatan berolahraga di luar rumah.  Salah satu olah raga yang dilakukan adalah bersepeda. Kegiatan  ini dilakukan masyarakat dengan tetap menjaga protokol kesehatan. Tulisan ini menyajikan tentang kegiatan  anak dan keluarga dalam mengisi era New Normal dengan bersepeda, khususnya kegiatan bersepeda anak dan keluarga  di kota Bandung.  Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif lapangan (field research) dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif analitis, dengan  teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi dan wawancara narasumber atau informan. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa anak dan keluarga melakukan olahraga bersepeda di Era New Normal pada masyarakat Kota Bandung yaitu dilakukan pada hari tertentu saat kondisi anggota keluarga memungkinkan di pagi hari, lebih sering dilakukan pada hari Ahad, dengan menggunakan sepeda masing-maisng atau menggunakan sepeda tandem. Maksud dan tujuan bersepeda keluarga yaitu selain untuk berolahraga dan kesehatan, menjaga imunitas, tetapi juga untuk kebersamaan keluarga dan menghilangkan kejenuhan setelah berbulan-bulan selalu beraktifitas di dalam rumah. Agar anak-anak juga tidak selalu melakukan kegiatan dengan gadget mereka.
Between the Temple Mount/Haram el-Sharif and the Holy Sepulchre: Archaeological Involvement in Jerusalem's Holy Places
Authors: Avni Gideon , Seligman Jon
Published: November 2021

Archaeological involvement in the holy places of Jerusalem has become a focus of professional and public concern during recent years. The two sacred areas of the Temple Mount and the Holy Sepulchre combine their role as historical and architectural monuments of supreme importance with their daily use as central religious sites. The connection between scholars, mainly archaeologists and architects, who studied these monuments, and the local religious authorities in charge of the holy sites has accompanied research on Jerusalem since the mid-nineteenth century. The main issues to be analyzed in this paper are related to the ways archaeologists and other scholars are involved with the major holy sites of Jerusalem: how the 'owners' of the Temple Mount and the Holy Sepulchre viewed these scholars and their research; to what degree they were prepared to cooperate with them; what their motives were for doing so and how archaeologists and other researchers operated and adhered to scholarly interests in such complex sites. The Jerusalem case study is used to investigate the larger scope of interrelations between the academic world and the religious 'owners' of holy sites in other locations.
Resurrection and Hope as the Content of the Chants of Proprium missae pro defunctis and Ordo Exsequiarum after the Second Vatican Council in the Polish Language
Authors: Rubio Sadia Juan Pablo
Published: November 2021

The present article examines the theme of chant used during the funeral service. First, the history of the burial of the dead in the first civilizations is presented. Next, the method of burying the dead and the course of the funeral liturgy in Christianity are shown. The large part of historical description includes analysis of the music that accompanied the deceased on the last journey. Subsequently, using the method of text analysis, the author proved a deficiency of liturgical songs that would contain the message of resurrection and hope.
The Effect of A Weight-Loss Diet in Women Doing Reformer Pilates: A 12-Week Evaluation
Authors: KANER Gülşah , AYER Çağla
Published: November 2021

Aim: This study aims to define the effect of a weight-loss diet on body composition in women doing reformer pilates for 12 weeks. It compares dietary habits in subject groups with and without a weight-loss diet and macro and micronutrient intakes at the beginning and end of the study.
Method: A total of 49 women (≥18 age) were randomly allocated to either a control (CG: reformer pilates; n=23) or a study (SG: reformer pilates+weight-loss diet; n=26) group. In both groups, subjects did pilates for 45 minutes a day three times a week for a total of 12 weeks. Their body weight (kg), waist circumference (cm), hip circumference (cm), neck circumference (cm), mid-upper arm circumference (cm), body composition, waist/height ratio, and body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) were evaluated at the beginning and the third month of the study. Dietary habits of all subjects were questioned, their 24-hour retrospective food consumption was taken, and their physical activity levels were evaluated through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (Short Form).
Results: The use of vitamin and mineral supplements in SG was lower than CG (p=0.003). The twelve-week evaluation showed a significantly higher increase in dietary protein and calcium levels in SG than CG (p<0.05). In SG, a significantly higher decrease was determined in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist/height ratio, and a higher increase in Basal Metabolic Rate, body muscle, and body water, compared to CG (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Pilates combined with a weight-loss diet has more positive effects on body composition than pilates alone. Providing dietary training and counseling for women who practice reformer pilates will increase the health benefits of exercise.
Infinite variance stable Gegenbaeur Arfisma models
Authors: Keita Filamory Abraham Michael , Hili Ouagninia , KANGA Serge-Hippolyte Arnaud
Published: November 2021

This paper develops the theory of the Gegenbauer AutoRegressive Fractionally Integrated Seasonal Moving Average (GARFISMA) process with alpha-stable innovations.We establish its conditions for causality and invertibility. This is a finite parameter process which exhibits high variability, long memory, cyclical, and seasonality in financial, hydrological data studies, and more. We perform some simulations to illustrate the behavior of our process.
Practical Reason
Authors: Ricoeur Paul , Breus Andrey
Published: November 2021

Paul Ricœur’s essay “Practical Reason” was initially published in 1979, and later became part of the book Du texte à l’action: essais d’herméneutique II (1986), marking Ricœur’s transition from the general problems of the justification of hermeneutics as a legitimate philosophical discipline to the problems of practical philosophy in a broad sense. Relying on the analytical theory of action, the interpretative sociology of M. Weber, and the Hegelian critique of Kantian ethics, Ricœur seeks to restore the Aristotelian concept of phronesis or “practical wisdom” in the context of modern philosophizing. This turns out to be unexpectedly relevant where neither Kant’s deontology nor the Hegelian Sittlichkeit can adequately express the entirety of human practical experience in a world where ideology and alienation have become inevitable components of social life.