bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-precision projection moiré measurement method based on virtual reality bridging
Authors: Cai Tianyu , Gong Yuhuang , Sun Chen , Chen Jubing
Published: February 2023

The projection moiré method is a high-precision optical topography measurement method. The existing moiré models calibrate the phase-height mapping relationship by setting and moving the reference plane, which introduces many system errors and reduces the usability and scanning scalability of the methods. This paper proposes a moiré model based on virtual reality bridging and the corresponding scanning method. First, we use the imaging parameters of the real moiré system and the derived moiré phase correspondence to build a virtual moiré model matching the real system. Then we use a variety of phase optimization algorithms to improve the coincidence between the virtual and the reality. In addition, we propose a method to calculate the pose between views to facilitate the reconstruction of the corresponding virtual moiré model during scanning measurement. Finally, we use the virtual moiré model and scanning method to conduct fixed position and scanning measurements. The results show that the proposed virtual moiré model has high accuracy and robustness, and the scanning method can achieve high-precision full-field three-dimensional shape measurement.
Search for the singlet vector-like top quark in the

channel with

at hadron colliders*
Authors: Han Lin , Wang Shiyu , Shang Liangliang , Yang Bingfang
Published: February 2023

Based on a simplified model including a singlet vector-like top quark T with charge |Q|=

, we analyze the prospects of observing T via the single T production in the

channel with Z decaying to neutrinos at the hadron-hadron colliders. This simplified model only includes two free parameters, the coupling constant

and the T quark mass

. To investigate the observability of the single T production, we perform a detailed background analysis and detector simulation for the collision energies 14 TeV, 27 TeV, and 100 TeV. We scan the

parameter space and show the exclusion and discovery capabilities on the T quark with the highest integrated luminosity designed at these colliders. Moreover, the limits from the narrow-width approximation and electroweak precision observables are considered.
Search for heavy Majorana neutrinos at future lepton colliders*
Authors: Lu Peng-Cheng , Si Zong-Guo , Wang Zhe , Yang Xing-Hua , Zhang Xin-Yi
Published: February 2023

A nonzero neutrino mass may be a sign of new physics beyond the standard model (SM). To explain the small neutrino mass, we can extend the SM using right-handed Majorana neutrinos in a low-scale seesaw mechanism, and the CP violation effect can be induced due to the CP phase in the interference of heavy Majorana neutrinos. The existence of heavy Majorana neutrinos may lead to lepton number violation processes, which can be used to search for the signals of heavy Majorana neutrinos. In this paper, we focus on the CP violation effect related to two generations of heavy Majorana neutrinos at

GeV

GeV in the pair production of W bosons and rare decays. It is valuable to investigate Majorana neutrino production signals and the related CP violation effects in rare W boson decays at future lepton colliders.
Discrepancy in Grain Size Estimation of H2O Ice in the Outer Solar System
Authors: Emran A. , Chevrier V. F.
Published: February 2023

Radiative transfer models (RTMs) have been used to estimate grain size of amorphous and crystalline water (H2O) ice in the outer solar system from near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths. We use radiative scattering models to assess the discrepancy in grain size estimation of H2O ice at a temperature of 15, 40, 60, and 80 K (amorphous) and 20, 40, 60, and 80 K (crystalline)—relevant to the outer solar system. We compare the single scattering albedos of H2O ice phases using the Mie theory and Hapke approximation models from the optical constant at NIR wavelengths (1–5 μm). This study reveals that Hapke approximation models—Hapke slab and internal scattering model (ISM)—predict grain size of crystalline phase slightly closer to Mie model than amorphous phase at temperatures of 15–80 K. However, the Hapke slab model predicts, in general, grain sizes much closer to those of the Mie model's estimations while ISM predicted grain sizes exhibit a higher uncertainty. We recommend using the Mie model for unknown spectra of outer solar system bodies to estimate H2O ice grain sizes. While choosing the approximation model for employing RTMs, we recommend using a Hapke slab approximation model over the ISM.
Quality control testing of the AMAC ASIC for the HL-LHC ATLAS ITk Strip Detector
Authors: Gosart T.C. , Gutierrez Zagazeta L.F. , Keener P.T. , Kroll J. , Lu S. , Mayers G. , Newcomer F.M. , Nikolica A. , Reilly M.B. , Thomson E.
Published: February 2023

The ATLAS detector requires an all new inner detector, the Inner Tracker (ITk), due to the high-luminosity upgrade to the LHC (HL-LHC). The AMACStar chip is one of three radiation hard ASICs that will be installed on the ITk Strip subdetector modules. The ASIC operates autonomously and its function is to monitor and control the temperatures, voltages, and currents in the module components, preventing these quantities from reaching dangerous levels. A total of 18000 AMACStars are needed for the ITk Strip subsystem. Wafers of these chips are probed at the University of Pennsylvania. Comprehensive probe-station testing software and procedures have been developed in order to verify the digital and analog functionality of every AMACStar. A detailed grading scheme is applied to determine which chips should be installed on the modules. The results from probing the first 11 wafers with the final design satisfy the required 90% yield needed for production goals. Probing of production AMACStar wafers began in December 2022 and will continue throughout 2023.
Design and testing of long flexible printed circuits for the ATLAS High Granularity Timing Detector demonstrator
Authors: Robles Manzano M. , Weitzel Q. , Brogna A. , Ehrecke J. , Kurt A. , Masetti L. , Patel J. , Pham B. , Theobald P.
Published: February 2023

The High Granularity Timing Detector for the ATLAS upgrade is under construction to meet the challenges of the HL-LHC. In order to connect a module, the basic detector element, to the surrounding peripheral electronic board, a flexible printed circuit (FPC) is used as an interconnection for data transmission and power distribution. An identical design for all FPCs is required except for their length, depending on the module position on the detector active area. The design and qualification of a preliminary FPC version, manufactured in 13 different lengths (from 28.5 to 73.2 cm), are presented.
First test results of the trans-impedance amplifier stage of the ultra-fast HPSoC ASIC
Authors: Chock C. , Flood K. , Macchiarulo L. , Martinez-Mckinney F. , Martinez-Rojas A. , Mazza S. , Mostafanezhad I. , Nizam M. , Ott J. , Perron R. , Ryan E. , Sadrozinski H.F.-W. , Schumm B. , Seiden A. , Shin K. , Tarka M. , Uehara D. , Wilder M. , Zhao Y.
Published: February 2023

We present the first results from the HPSoC ASIC designed for readout of Ultra-fast Silicon Detectors. The 4-channel ASIC manufactured in 65 nm CMOS by TSMC has been optimized for 50 μm thick AC-LGAD. The evaluation of the analog front end with β-particles impinging on 3 × 3 AC-LGAD arrays (500 μm pitch, 200 × 200 μm2 metal) confirms a fast output rise time of 600 ps and good timing performance with a jitter of 45 ps. Further calibration experiments and TCT laser studies indicate some gain limitations that are being investigated and are driving the design of the second-generation pre-amplification stages to reach a jitter of 15 ps.
A 64-channel waveform sampling ASIC for SiPM in space-born applications
Authors: Tedesco S. , Di Salvo A. , Rivetti A. , Bertaina M.
Published: February 2023

The architecture of a 64-channel ASIC for the readout of Silicon Photomultipliers in space experiments is described. Each channel embeds a front-end amplifier with a common gate topology followed by a 256 cells analogue memory with a sampling frequency of 200 MHz. A single memory cell includes a storage capacitor, a single-slope Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) with programmable resolution between 8 and 12 bits and the digital control logic. To save power, the A/D conversion is carried-out only when a trigger signal is received. The trigger can either be generated inside the ASIC or provided by an external source. The analogue samples are digitized in parallel, thus reducing the conversion dead time. The memory cells can be arranged in a single array or they can be grouped in shorter slots of 32 or 64 cells that work in a multi-buffer configuration. The channels can work independently or they can be synchronised to acquire the same time-frame in the full chip. The target power consumption is 5 mW/channel. The ASIC is being designed in a 65-nm CMOS technology. A digital-on-top flow is applied for the integration and final validation of the chip. The tape-out is scheduled in the first quarter of 2023.
Scintillation properties of (Lu1-x
Y
x
)3Al5O12:Ce3+ nanoscintillator solid solution garnet materials
Authors: Mekki H. , Guerbous L. , Bousbia-salah H. , Boukerika A. , Lebbou K.
Published: February 2023

In this study, the scintillation properties of the
(Lu1-x
Y
x
)3Al5O12: 0.1 at.%Ce3+ 
mixed nanopowder scintillators synthesized by the sol-gel method
were investigated. The light yield, energy resolution and
scintillation decay kinetics for different substitutions of
Lu3+ by Y3+ ion, namely 0 at.%, 5 at.%, 10 at.%,
15 at.% and 20 at.% were evaluated. The relative light yields of
all LuYAG mixed samples were determined by the comparison method and
the LuAG:0.1 at.%Ce3+ single crystal grown by the Czochralski
technique was used as a reference detector. The scintillation decay
kinetics was measured at the photomultiplier tube anode output and a
fast digital oscilloscope was used to digitize signals. All
measurements were performed under α-particles excitation from 
241Am (E = 5.48 MeV) source to avoid light scattering in
powder materials. Results show that the scintillation light yield
was affected by the insertion of Y3+ ions in the LuAG host
matrix and tends to improve in the range 10–20 at.% of Y3+ 
content. Furthermore, it was found that the main contribution in the
energy resolution originates from the nanoscintillator material. The
scintillation decay curves were well-fitted to a sum of three
exponential functions, and the decay time constants were
determined. Additionally, pulse shape discrimination of the mixed
LuYAG nanoscintillators was also checked, and good discrimination of
the kinetics measured under α-particles and γ-quanta
from 137Cs (E = 662 keV) was observed.
Monotonicity of a quantum 2-Wasserstein distance
Authors: Bistroń R , Eckstein M , Życzkowski K
Published: February 2023

We study a quantum analogue of the 2-Wasserstein distance as a measure of proximity on the set

Ω
N

of density matrices of dimension N. We show that such (semi-)distances do not induce Riemannian metrics on the tangent bundle of

Ω
N

and are typically not unitarily invariant. Nevertheless, we prove that for N = 2 dimensional Hilbert space the quantum 2-Wasserstein distance (unique up to rescaling) is monotonous with respect to any single-qubit quantum operation and the solution of the quantum transport problem is essentially unique. Furthermore, for any

N
⩾
3

and the quantum cost matrix proportional to a projector we demonstrate the monotonicity under arbitrary mixed unitary channels. Finally, we provide numerical evidence which allows us to conjecture that the unitary invariant quantum 2-Wasserstein semi-distance is monotonous with respect to all CPTP maps for dimension N = 3 and 4.
Concurrence of blowing snow and polynya enhances arctic surface–atmosphere interaction: a modeling study with an extreme wind event in 2018
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhang Xiangdong , Walsh John E , Roesler Erika , Hillman Benjamin
Published: February 2023

Snow, a critical element influencing surface energy/mass balance of the Arctic, can also drift in the air to complicate the surface–atmosphere interaction. This complexity can be further enhanced when the surface includes polynya. These processes, however, have not been well studied and are often unrepresented in climate and weather models. We address this by applying a snow/ice-enhanced version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model to examine the impacts of blowing snow and polynya on the surface–atmosphere interaction during an extreme Arctic wind event in February 2018, when an unprecedented polynya occurred off the north coast of Greenland. The results indicate that blowing snow and the polynya contribute opposite signs to the changes of surface sensible/latent heat fluxes, but both cause enhanced downwelling longwave radiation. Process analysis shows that the thermodynamic moistening/cooling effects due to the blowing snow sublimation are amplified by increased surface winds, reduced temperature inversion, and upward wind anomaly associated with the polynya. Enhanced surface–atmosphere interaction over a polynya due to blowing snow sublimation can potentially sustain the continuing development of the polynya.
Linear and Nonlinear Effect of Years of Schooling, Sex, and Age on the CERAD-MX and Complementary Tasks in a Mexican Sample: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zuno Reyes Angelica , Trejo Salvador , Matute Esmeralda
Published: February 2023

Objective

Since evidence of adults’ cognition decline is based on standardized testing, we developed regression-based continuous norms by linear regression (LR) and nonlinear quantile regression (NQR) with years of schooling (YoS), age, and sex as covariates on the Mexican adaptation of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD-MX) and complementary tasks.

Methods

392 healthy, Spanish-speaking Mexican adults (50.25% women) aged 18–59 completed the 15 CERAD-MX cognitive tasks and complementary tasks. We used raw scores and examined YoS-related effects considering sex and age as covariates. For the NQR, we used calibrated scores for sex and age. While LR represents one line across the performance, NQR differentiated several nonlinear performance bands by quantiles.

Results

LR showed positive relationships between YoS and cognitive performance with a funnel variance pattern. Therefore, this relationship is better represented with NQR than LR. A small, but significant, negative effect of age was found for this age range (18–59 years). The band with fewer years of schooling (1–6) showed greater variability in the cognitive measures than those with more years of schooling (16–22).

Conclusion

This study shows that NQR is useful for accurately positioning participants’ performance relative to their peers. NQR accounts more than LR for the inconsistent variability of cognitive performance as a function of YoS by identifying the variability according to YoS (low, medium, high). Thus, NQR represents an appropriate way to construct norms for the cognitive performance of adults.
Botulinum Toxin Type A for the Treatment of Masseter Muscle Prominence in Asian Populations
Authors: Wu Yan , Zeng Dong , Wu Sufan
Published: February 2023

In Asian populations, an oval face shape with a slimmer lower face is considered favorable. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) treatment of the lower face for aesthetic purposes is widely performed in Asia, although it is not officially approved for this indication in any country. In this review, the authors highlight recent research describing injection techniques, mechanism of action, clinical efficacy, and key learning points to safely treat benign masseter muscle prominence (MMP) in Asian populations using BoNT-A. To support the existing literature, clinical examples are provided that demonstrate individualized treatment plans for patients with asymmetric vs symmetric MMP and an observed complication after treatment. This review provides insights for optimizing clinical outcomes and for designing future studies investigating the safety and efficacy of BoNT-A for treating MMP.

Level of Evidence: 5
NSPA: characterizing the disease association of multiple genetic interactions at single-subject resolution
Authors: Sha Zhendong , Chen Yuanzhu , Hu Ting
Published: February 2023

Motivation

The interaction between genetic variables is one of the major barriers to characterizing the genetic architecture of complex traits. To consider epistasis, network science approaches are increasingly being used in research to elucidate the genetic architecture of complex diseases. Network science approaches associate genetic variables’ disease susceptibility to their topological importance in the network. However, this network only represents genetic interactions and does not describe how these interactions attribute to disease association at the subject-scale. We propose the Network-based Subject Portrait Approach (NSPA) and an accompanying feature transformation method to determine the collective risk impact of multiple genetic interactions for each subject.

Results

The feature transformation method converts genetic variants of subjects into new values that capture how genetic variables interact with others to attribute to a subject’s disease association. We apply this approach to synthetic and genetic datasets and learn that (1) the disease association can be captured using multiple disjoint sets of genetic interactions and (2) the feature transformation method based on NSPA improves predictive performance comparing with using the original genetic variables. Our findings confirm the role of genetic interaction in complex disease and provide a novel approach for gene–disease association studies to identify genetic architecture in the context of epistasis.

Availability and implementation

The codes of NSPA are now available in: https://github.com/MIB-Lab/Network-based-Subject-Portrait-Approach

Contact

ting.hu@queensu.ca

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
Wind energy as a source of green hydrogen production in the USA
Authors: Sedai Ashish , Dhakal Rabin , Gautam Shishir , Kumar Sedhain Bijaya , Singh Thapa Biraj , Moussa Hanna , Pol Suhas
Published: February 2023

The study incorporates an overview of the green hydrogen-production potential from wind energy in the USA, its application in power generation and the scope of substituting grey and blue hydrogen for industrial usage. Over 10 million metric tons of grey and blue hydrogen is produced in the USA annually to fulfil the industrial demand, whereas, for 1 million metric tons of hydrogen generated, 13 million metric tons of CO2 are released into the atmosphere. The research aims to provide a state-of-the-art review of the green hydrogen technology value chain and a case study on the production of green hydrogen from an 8-MW wind turbine installed in the southern plain region of Texas. This research estimates that the wind-farm capacity of 130 gigawatt-hours is required to substitute grey and blue hydrogen for fulfilling the current US annual industrial hydrogen demand of 10 million metric tons. The study investigates hydrogen-storage methods and the scope of green hydrogen-based storage facilities for energy produced from a wind turbine. This research focuses on the USA’s potential to meet all its industrial and other hydrogen application requirements through green hydrogen.
Comment on ‘Monkeypox: key pointers for dermatologists’
Authors: de Sousa Diogo , Filipe Paulo
Published: February 2023

We provide a comment on ‘Monkeypox: key pointers for dermatologists’ by Kawsar et al. to ensure a broader view of mpox clinical manifestations. Correct identification of mpox skin and mucosal lesions is fundamental for a timely mpox diagnosis in order to provide appropriate management of disease in these patients.
Relationships Between Patient Race and Residential Race Context With Missed Human Immunodeficiency Virus Care Visits in the United States, 2010–2015
Authors: Crockett Kaylee B , Schember Cassandra O , Bian Aihua , Rebeiro Peter F , Keruly Jeanne , Mayer Kenneth , Mathews Christopher , Moore Richard D , Crane Heidi , Geng Elvin , Napravnik Sonia , Shepherd Bryan E , Mugavero Michael J , Turan Bulent , Pettit April C
Published: February 2023

Background

Racial inequities exist in retention in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care and multilevel analyses are needed to contextualize and address these differences. Leveraging data from a multisite clinical cohort of people with HIV (PWH), we assessed the relationships between patient race and residential characteristics with missed HIV care visits.

Methods

Medical record and patient-reported outcome (PRO; including mental health and substance-use measures) data were drawn from 7 participating Center for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) sites including N = 20 807 PWH from January 2010 through December 2015. Generalized estimating equations were used to account for nesting within individuals and within census tracts in multivariable models assessing the relationship between race and missed HIV care visits, controlling for individual demographic and health characteristics and census tract characteristics.

Results

Black PWH resided in more disadvantaged census tracts, on average. Black PWH residing in census tracts with higher proportion of Black residents were more likely to miss an HIV care visit. Non-Black PWH were less likely to miss a visit regardless of where they lived. These relationships were attenuated when PRO data were included.

Conclusions

Residential racial segregation and disadvantage may create inequities between Black PWH and non-Black PWH in retention in HIV care. Multilevel approaches are needed to retain PWH in HIV care, accounting for community, healthcare setting, and individual needs and resources.
Prognostic value of mitral valve haemodynamic parameters obtained by intraprocedural echocardiography in transcatheter edge-to-edge repair
Authors: Shechter Alon , Natanzon Sharon Shalom , Koseki Keita , Kaewkes Danon , Lee Mirae , Koren Ofir , Patel Vivek , Skaf Sabah , Chakravarty Tarun , Makar Moody , Makkar Raj R , Siegel Robert J
Published: February 2023

Aims

To assess whether intraprocedural transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE)-derived haemodynamic parameters predict outcomes in patients undergoing transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) for mitral regurgitation (MR).

Methods and results

This is a single-centre, retrospective analysis encompassing 458 (IQR, 104–1035) days of follow-up after 926 consecutive patients [481 (52%) with functional MR] referred to an isolated mitral TEER between 2013 and 2020. Cases without actual clip deployment, or in whom prior mitral procedures had taken place, were excluded. The primary outcome was the combined rate of all-cause mortality or heart failure (HF) hospitalizations. Secondary endpoints included single components of the primary outcome, as well as MR severity at one month and one year following the procedure. A multivariable analysis identified two intraprocedural echocardiographic observations made after clip deployment as independent predictors of the primary outcome: an above mild MR (HR for whole study period 1.49, 95% CI 1.05–2.13, P = 0.026) and a 100% or more increase from baseline in the transmitral mean pressure gradient (TMPG) (HR for whole study period 1.32, 95% CI 1.01–1.72, P = 0.039). Also, MR grade of above mild and the absence of a normal pulmonary venous flow pattern (PVFP) bilaterally were associated with an increased risk for HF hospitalizations and greater-than-mild 1-month MR. No prognostic role was demonstrated for the change in MR severity, the absolute TMPG, or the mere improvement in PVFP.

Conclusion

Immediate post-TEER MR severity and the relative change in TMPG are predictive of clinical and echocardiographic outcomes following the procedure.
Immunodeficiency is prevalent in congenital heart disease and associated with increased risk of emergency admissions and death
Authors: Diller Gerhard-Paul , Lammers Astrid Elisabeth , Fischer Alicia , Orwat Stefan , Nienhaus Klara , Schmidt Renate , Radke Robert M , De-Torres-Alba Fernando , Kaleschke Gerrit , Marschall Ursula , Bauer Ulrike M , Roth Johannes , Gerß Joachim , Bormann Eike , Baumgartner Helmut
Published: February 2023

Aims

To provide population-based data on the prevalence and clinical significance of immune deficiency syndromes (IDS) associated with congenital heart disease (CHD).

Methods and results

Utilizing administrative German Health System data the prevalence of increased susceptibility to infection (ISI) or confirmed IDS was assessed in CHD patients and compared with an age-matched non-congenital control group. Furthermore, the prognostic significance of IDS was assessed using all-cause mortality and freedom from emergency hospital admission. A total of 54 449 CHD patients were included. Of these 14 998 (27.5%) had ISI and 3034 (5.6%) had a documented IDS (compared with 2.9% of the age-matched general population). During an observation period of 394 289 patient-years, 3824 CHD patients died, and 31 017 patients experienced a combined event of all-cause mortality or emergency admission. On multivariable Cox proportional-hazard analysis, the presence of ISI [hazard ratio (HR): 2.14, P < 0.001] or documented IDS (HR: 1.77, P = 0.035) emerged as independent predictors of all-cause mortality. In addition, ISI and confirmed IDS were associated with a significantly higher risk of emergency hospital admission (P = 0.01 for both on competing risk analysis) during follow-up.

Conclusion

Limited immune competence is common in CHD patients and associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. This highlights the need for structured IDS screening and collaboration with immunology specialists as immunodeficiency may be amenable to specific therapy. Furthermore, studies are required to assess whether IDS patients might benefit from intensified antibiotic shielding or tailored prophylaxis.
A stepwise external cardioversion protocol for atrial fibrillation to maximize acute success rate
Authors: Darrat Yousef , Leung Steve , Elayi Liliane , Parrott Kevin , Ogunbayo Gbolahan , Kotter John , Sorrell Vincent , Gupta Vedant , Anaya Paul , Morales Gustavo , Catanzarro John , Delisle Brian , Elayi Claude S
Published: February 2023

Aims

Cardioversion is a very commonly performed procedure for persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). However, there is no well-defined protocol to address failed external electrical direct current cardioversion. The aim of the study is to test the efficacy of a pre-defined stepwise cardioversion protocol for patients with persistent AF of ≤12 months. Success was the achievement of sinus rhythm.

Methods and results

The study population included patients with persistent AF of ≤12 months duration requiring rhythm management. Patients were offered cardioversion using a pre-defined stepwise protocol using different electrode placement locations, applying compression at end of expiration, and higher energy delivered simultaneously through two defibrillators. : A total of 414 patients were included in the study, of which 362 (87.4%) required a single successful cardioversion. The remaining 52 (12.5%) patients required additional cardioversion attempts using the stepwise cardioversion protocol with an overall success rate of 99.3%. Two simultaneous defibrillators were required in 14 patients (3.4%). Patients with multiple cardioversions (13.5%) experienced more local skin irritation and pain compared with patients with single cardioversion (13.5% vs. 3.5%, P = 0.004). The predictor for the need for multiple cardioversion attempts is high body mass index, while high transthoracic impedance is associated with failed cardioversion. No major complications were observed during the study.

Conclusion

The stepwise cardioversion protocol has a high success rate of >99% and can be safely performed in outpatient or inpatient settings.
Facilitating Volunteer Engagement Among Older Adults in Social Services: A Case Study of an Innovative Timebank Program in a Chinese Society
Authors: Lu Shiyu , Chui Cheryl , Lum Terry
Published: February 2023

Background and Objectives

Exploring the roles of older adults as volunteers in social care settings has attracted wide attention to facilitate healthy aging and tackle care workforce constraints. However, there is little knowledge of the mechanism of engaging older adults as volunteers in the social care sector.

Research Design and Methods

The study applies a case study to describe the features of an innovative timebank project, Good Hands, and explore the underlying mechanism of engaging older adults as volunteers in the social care sector. Three focus groups were conducted with 12 older adult volunteers and 6 advisory group members. Thematic analysis was applied to code and analyze the content of the focus group interviews.

Results

Three emergent themes were identified as critical components: strong cross-sector collaboration, meaningfulness in voluntary work comprising 4 subthemes (including capacity optimization, care capacity enhancement, cultivating belonging, and value recognition), and a coproducing environment.

Discussion and Implications

Volunteer engagement of older adults in the provision of welfare for community-based care for frail peers is discussed, and practice implications are presented.
Inference of velocity structures of oceanic crust and upper mantle from surface waveform fitting
Authors: Nagai Haruka , Takeuchi Nozomu , Kawakatsu Hitoshi , Shiobara Hajime , Isse Takehi , Sugioka Hiroko , Ito Aki , Utada Hisashi
Published: February 2023

Inversion for seismological structures of the oceanic lithosphere–asthenosphere system is important to understand the mechanisms of plate tectonics. Previous models of the oceanic upper mantle have been primarily obtained via global tomography using surface waveforms. However, besides scarcity of waveform data in the oceanic regions, difficulties in fitting phases for shorter-period components in the previous global tomography have yielded resultant models that possess poor resolutions above $\sim \, 50$ km depth. Recent developments of broad-band ocean-bottom seismometer (BBOBS) arrays provide larger amount of seismic data with epicentral distances of <20°. In this study, we develop an appropriate method to fully utilize the information contained in the shorter-period components of BBOBS arrays. We first fit the envelopes without phase information to analyse the shorter-period components (8–60 s) which are generally unavailable in the conventional phase fitting. We then use the resultant model as our initial model for waveform inversion of the longer periods (12.5–200 s) to fit the phase, which allows us to infer a continuous structure model from the crust to the asthenosphere. We demonstrate the validity of this combined envelope-fitting and waveform inversion method by analysing the waveform data from a BBOBS array that was deployed in the Northwestern Pacific and has recorded events in the vicinity of the Japan Trench to obtain the average velocity structure between the event and station arrays. We independently resolve the crustal compressional and shear wave velocities, and thickness by analysing the envelopes, which minimizes biases in the subsequent waveform inversion. We also find that the waveform inversion improves the resolution in the asthenosphere. Our results suggest that further extension of this method should improve our knowledge of the oceanic lithosphere–asthenosphere system.
Lowering the vertical component seismic noise-floor in the normal-mode band by frequency-dependent air-pressure corrections
Authors: Lepage Thea , Forbriger Thomas , Zürn Walter , Rietbrock Andreas
Published: February 2023

Contrary to popular belief in seismology, the vertical component seismic background level of Earth’s body in the normal-mode band is lower than current low-noise models would indicate. With a correction of atmospherically induced disturbances the low-noise level of the vertical component of the STS-1 at Black Forest Observatory (BFO) is reduced below the Peterson low noise model (NLNM). We demonstrate this with a moving window analysis (MWA) of 10 yr of data in the normal-mode band between 0.2 and 2 mHz. The 5th percentile low-noise level for the data initially is at the level of the NLNM. We lower this by 8 dB at the frequency of 0S2 (0.31 mHz) by partially correcting the seismometer recording in the time domain for disturbances caused by mass fluctuations in the atmosphere. The disturbances are estimated by the frequency dependent ‘improved Bouguer plate model’ (IBPM, defined by asymptotic admittance αDC and notch-frequency fn) from a recording of local air-pressure. In more than 90 per cent of the time windows of the MWA the signal level is lowered when using a priori set IBPM-parameters ($\alpha _{\text{DC}}= -3.5\, {\rm nm\, s}^{-2}\, {\rm hPa}^{-1}$, $f_{\text{n}}=2.25\, {\rm mHz}$). In 50 per cent of the time windows the background level at the frequency of 0S2 is reduced by at least 6 dB. With a priori set IBPM-parameters the level of the 1st percentile is lowered by up to 16 dB for windows of $1\, {\rm d}$ length and by 13 dB for windows of $7\, {\rm d}$ length. Overall, there is little additional benefit from optimizing the IBPM-parameters per time window. If optimized per time window, the parameters show a slight annual variation which apparently compensates for systematic deviations of the dynamics of the atmosphere from the simple considerations of the IBPM-model. By application of the correction procedure and with seismic sensors of sufficiently low self-noise, the range of observations for signals from Earth’s body can be extended to below current low-noise models at frequencies below 2 mHz.
3-D Bayesian variational full waveform inversion
Authors: Zhang Xin , Lomas Angus , Zhou Muhong , Zheng York , Curtis Andrew
Published: February 2023

Seismic full-waveform inversion (FWI) provides high resolution images of the subsurface by exploiting information in the recorded seismic waveforms. This is achieved by solving a highly non-linear and non-unique inverse problem. Bayesian inference is therefore used to quantify uncertainties in the solution. Variational inference is a method that provides probabilistic, Bayesian solutions efficiently using optimization. The method has been applied to 2-D FWI problems to produce full Bayesian posterior distributions. However, due to higher dimensionality and more expensive computational cost, the performance of the method in 3-D FWI problems remains unknown. We apply three variational inference methods to 3-D FWI and analyse their performance. Specifically, we apply automatic differential variational inference (ADVI), Stein variational gradient descent (SVGD) and stochastic SVGD (sSVGD), to a 3-D FWI problem and compare their results and computational cost. The results show that ADVI is the most computationally efficient method but systematically underestimates the uncertainty. The method can therefore be used to provide relatively rapid but approximate insights into the subsurface together with a lower bound estimate of the uncertainty. SVGD demands the highest computational cost, and still produces biased results. In contrast, by including a randomized term in the SVGD dynamics, sSVGD becomes a Markov chain Monte Carlo method and provides the most accurate results at intermediate computational cost. We thus conclude that 3-D variational FWI is practically applicable, at least in small problems, and can be used to image the Earth’s interior and to provide reasonable uncertainty estimates on those images.
Schumpeter’s insights for monetary macroeconomics and the theory of financial crises
Authors: Bofinger Peter , Geißendörfer Lisa , Haas Thomas , Mayer Fabian
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this paper is to show that Schumpeter can offer important insights for macroeconomic theory today. This applies especially to his distinction between a “real analysis” and a “monetary analysis,” as he calls it, and its implications for monetary macroeconomics, especially the theories of financial crises at the national and the global levels. The main problem of the “real analysis” is the identity of the financial sphere with the real sphere. The consequence of this narrow view is the inability to understand the dynamics of a monetary economy, which is the main cause for financial crises. The flaws of the real analysis manifest themselves also at the global level. The Feldstein–Horioka puzzle and the Lucas paradox are obvious “anomalies” of this paradigm. Models based on the real analysis are unable to explain the extent and even direction of international capital flows. Thus, the economics profession was unable to see the risks that were accumulating in the international financial system before the outbreak of the Great Financial Crisis.
Botanical Authentication Using One-Class Modeling
Authors: Harnly James
Published: February 2023

Background

Authentication methods are necessary to guarantee the integrity of botanical supplements and their ingredients. In 2012, AOAC International published “Guidelines for Validation of Botanical Identification Methods” however these guidelines proved rather cumbersome.

Objective

Develop a simpler method for validatation based on one-class modeling that only considers authentic materials.

Methods

One-class modeling uses chemometric analysis based on soft independent modeling of class analogy and the specific pre-processing steps of sample vector normalization and autoscaling.

Results

Any unknown sample can be judged authentic or adulterated based on its agreement with the profile of the authentic samples. The sensitivity and accuracy of one-class modeling is improved using sample vector normalization and autoscaling. The limit of detection for any variable is statistically predictable.

Conclusion

One-class modeling offers a simple approach to authentication and is applicable to any non-targeted analytical method. Only the characteristics of the authentic samples are necessary and no specification of an adulterant is necessary.

Highlights

One-class modeling offers a simple approach to authentication and is easily implemented using any chemometrics platform.
Total fishmeal replacement by defattedTenebrio molitorlarvae meal induces alterations in intermediary metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
Authors: Basto Ana , Valente Luisa M P , Sousa Vera , Conde-Sieira Marta , Soengas José L
Published: February 2023

The replacement of fishmeal (FM) by insect meal (IM) in aquafeed formulation has been thoroughly studied lately, but little is known about their impact on nutrient metabolism of fish. This study evaluated the impact not only of partial but also total FM replacement by IM on intermediary metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). A fishmeal-based diet was used as a control (CTRL) and two other diets were formulated to include 20% and 40% of defatted Tenebrio molitor larvae meal (dTM), replacing 50% (TM50) and 100% (TM100) of fishmeal (FM), respectively. After a 16-week feeding trial, a multidisciplinary approach including assessment of histological, biochemical, molecular, and enzymatic parameters was adopted to investigate hepatic and plasmatic responses to the different dietary formulations. The results obtained demonstrated that dTM can be successfully used to replace 50% of FM in diets for European sea bass, without adversely affecting liver health or intermediary metabolism of nutrients. As for TM100, although no signs of steatosis were observed in the liver, the activity of glycolytic and lipogenic genes and enzymes increased when compared to CTRL diet (P < 0.05), resulting in higher levels of plasmatic non-esterified fatty acids and triacylglycerides (P < 0.05), which in the long-term may compromise fish health, thus precluding such a high degree of substitution for use in practical diets for European sea bass.
Effect of forage types differing in undigested neutral detergent fiber concentration and forage inclusion rate on reticulo-ruminal motility and fermentation, total tract barrier function, and blood metabolites of finishing beef heifers
Authors: Pereira Murillo Ceola Stefano , Yang Wenzhu Z , Beauchemin Karen A , McAllister Timothy A , Wood Katharine M , Penner Gregory B
Published: February 2023

This study evaluated the effects of forages (BarS vs. STR) that differ in the uNDF concentration and FI rate on ruminal fermentation, total tract barrier function, reticulo-ruminal motility, and blood metabolites of beef heifers. Six ruminally cannulated Hereford × Simmental heifers (699 ± 69.1 kg BW) were used in a 6 × 6 Latin square (26 d periods) with a 2 × 3 factorial treatment arrangement. However, 1 heifer was removed from the study after period 2 due to health problems unrelated to treatment, resulting in an incomplete 6 × 6 Latin square design. Barley grain-based diets were formulated using BarS or wheat STR to alter uNDF (7.1% vs. 8.5% DM) with FI rates of 5%, 10%, or 15% of DM. There were limited interactions between the forage type and FI. DM intake was not affected (P ≥ 0.10) by forage type or FI. Use of STR vs. BarS increased uNDF intake (P < 0.001). Increasing FI increased (P < 0.001) uNDF intake for those fed 15% forage. Ruminal pH was not affected (P ≥ 0.10) by forage type; however, cattle fed 5% FI had lesser (P = 0.017) mean ruminal pH and maximum pH (P = 0.018) than those fed 10% and 15% of forage. The total SCFA concentration was not affected by forage type (P = 0.84) but cattle fed the 5% FI rate had lesser (P < 0.001) molar proportion of acetate when compared with cattle fed 10% and 15% forage. Increasing the FI rate decreased the molar proportion of propionate (P < 0.001). Feeding STR relative to BarS decreased (P = 0.041) the reticulo-ruminal contraction duration. In contrast, cattle fed the 10% and 15% FI rates had a greater (P = 0.028) contraction frequency with lower (P = 0.048) contraction area than those fed 5% forage. Plasma glucose, serum insulin, and serum amyloid A were not affected by forage type or FI rate (P ≥ 0.10). Cattle fed 15% forage had lesser (P = 0.040) concentration of serum haptoglobin when compared with cattle fed 5% or 10% forage. In conclusion, forage type used to affect the dietary uNDF concentration, and FI rate act independently suggesting that the provision of STR to increase uNDF reduces reticulo-ruminal contraction duration and total tract permeability but may not affect ruminal pH. Increasing the FI increased dietary uNDF, stabilized ruminal pH, stimulated more frequent reticulo-ruminal contractions, and may decrease the permeability of the gastrointestinal tract and systemic inflammation.
An Exploratory Study of Health-related Quality of Life and Care Experiences in Older Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Rohatinsky Noelle , Cave Janelle , Fowler Sharyle , Risling Tracie , Peña-Sánchez Juan Nicolás
Published: February 2023

Canada has one of the highest rates of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with older adults as the fastest-growing group of individuals affected. This exploratory mixed methods study aimed to understand perceived health-related quality of life and care experiences in older adults with IBD. Participants greater than 60 years of age, who were diagnosed with IBD, and who lived in Saskatchewan, Canada were invited to participate in both an online survey and telephone interview. Seventy-three respondents completed the survey, and 18 participants were interviewed. Most individuals were diagnosed before age 60, believed their IBD was well controlled, believed their current treatment was useful, and were satisfied with their care. Individuals also reported a moderate health-related quality of life. However, collaborative management of IBD care between providers and older adults with IBD was identified as an area with room for improvement. Strategies to enhance disease self-management and engaged chronic illness care are critical.
Equivalent Colony Growth of Hybrids of Two Invasive Coptotermes Species Can Threaten Urban Areas
Authors: Patel Jayshree S , Lee Sang-Bin , Chouvenc Thomas , Su Nan-Yao
Published: February 2023

Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and C. gestroi (Wasmann) are economically important structural pests in urban areas. Due to anthropogenic activity, both species have been introduced into the United States, with their respective invasive ranges now overlapping in Florida, and the two species have the capability to hybridize. The potential for structural damage from subterranean termite colonies primarily depends on colony size. However, long-term colony growth and wood consumption capabilities of hybrid Coptotermes colonies remain to be investigated, to determine the potential pest status of field-established hybrid colonies. In this study, we investigated long-term colony development over four years to determine if aging hybrid colonies display vigor in terms of colony growth. In addition, we compared wood consumption rate of hybrid colonies to compare their potential impact as structural pests with the two parental species. In aging colonies (four-year-old), both hybrid mating types displayed a colony growth equivalent to C. formosanus. However, the wood consumption rates of four-year-old colonies of the two parental Coptotermes species and their hybrids were similar, indicating equal damaging potential. We also found multiple secondary reproductives in hybrid colonies, even in the presence of primary reproductives, which may favor their potential establishment and spread. Although hybrid colonies or hybrid alates have yet to be detected in the field, our results suggest that such hybrid colonies would be an additional termite threat in the future if they were established in the field.
Characterizing History of Health Sciences Organizations at Academic Health Sciences Centers
Authors: Alpi Kristine M , Johnson Jordan R , Langford Meg E
Published: February 2023

Questions of how to sustain interest in the history of medicine and broader health sciences (HOM/HS) in a changing institutional environment, and how to collaborate with stakeholders to offer activities to do so, are on the radar for many academic health sciences centers and their libraries. This essay is an initial exploratory study of non-curricular HOM/HS efforts at United States medical schools ranked in the top thirty in primary care or research. In 2019, we collected public information pertinent to any presence of an on-campus HOM/HS community and the group’s structure, including funding, activities, and the library’s involvement with the group. Seventeen of forty-five institutions in the sample presented information about an institutional HOM/HS group. All posted a mission statement. Their funding varied in nature; some collected fees from members, while others relied on university support. Half were student-led. Most groups hosted regular lecture series, with fifteen groups hosting at least one annually. Six groups sponsored publications or awards. These findings indicate that several institutions with active programs offer potential models and lessons for sustaining HOM/HS communities. Beyond providing a physical or digital space in which HOM/HS groups connect, libraries play an active role in fostering some of these communities.