bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Extraction of Total Flavonoids from Licorice with Ultrasonic Assistance and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Zou Yu Hong , Han Qiu Xia , Guo Lin
Published: July 2012

To optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids from RADIX RHIZOMA GLYCYRRHIZAE and Study on the Antioxidant Activity. Total flavonoids were extracted from RADIX RHIZOMA GLYCYRRHIZAE with ethanol by ultrasonic-assisted method, whose extraction process was optimized by orthogonal test design.The scavenging effect of pumpkin polysaccharide on OH and O2-were studied by salicylic acid and pyrogallic acid method. The optimum extraction process was as follows: ethanol concentration of 75%, solid-liquid ratio of 1:25,ultrasonic power of 350 W and ultrasonic duration of 25 min.Under the above conditions, the extraction rate of total flavonoids reached as high as 1.943%. The influencing order of each factor on extraction rate of polysaccharides was determined to be: ethanol concentration＞solid-liquid ratio＞ultrasonic power＞ultrasonic duration. When the solution concentration is 1.1296mg/ml, the scavenging rate of crude flavonoids on superoxide radical is 50%.Suggesting that it would be an effctive natural free radical scavenger. The study could provide a scientific basis for the further exploitation and utilization of RADIX RHIZOMA GLYCYRRHIZAE
The Antioxidative Activity and the Fingerprint by HPLC of the Flavonoids of Astragalus mongholicus
Authors: Zeng Guang Xiang , Ou Hai Yan , Wei Qing Yi , Ning Zheng Xiang
Published: July 2012

The flavonoids of eight samples of Huangqi, the roots of Astragalus mongholicus, have been analyzed. The concentration of total flavonoids from different samples of Astragalus Mongholicus, was about 0.5mg/g~1.0mg/g, according to the rutin standard substance. Then the fingerprints were set up and four flavonoids were identified as Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, 7-Hydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone, 7,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone and Formononetin-7-O-β-D-glucoside by liquid chromatography. Moreover, the antioxidative activity of flavonoids extractive from Astragalus Mongholicus was also studied and the IC50 of Astragalus flavonoids extractive for scavenging ATBS+ free radical and DPPH•free radical were 0.61 mg/mL and 4 mg/mL respectively
Isolation of Zingiberene from Ginger Essential Oil by Two-Step Intermittent Silica Gel Column Chromatography
Authors: Wang Yan , Du Ai Ling , Du Ai Qin
Published: July 2012

Zingiberene, one of the five major sesquiterpene hydrocarbon which are rich in ginger essential oil, is a natural antioxidant and serves as antiviral and antifertility agent. An efficient preparative isolation process of zingiberene from ginger essential oil has been developed in the present study. The separation experiments have been carried out on an intermittent silica gel column chromatography. After the first run treatment with the chromatography, the zingiberene content in the final product was increased from 35.11% to 60.41%. Afterwards the concentration was purified by using the second silica gel column chromatography. The recovery for the combined procedure was 70.68%, with a final purity 72.93%.Therefore, the separation can be achieved easily and efficiently via the intermittent silica gel column chromatography, and the method will provided a potential approach for large-scale separation and puriﬁcation of zingiberene for its wide pharmaceutical use.
Studies on Three-Stage Counter Current Extraction of Tobacco Stem and Tobacco Dust
Authors: Zeng Jian , Chen Ke Fu , Xie Jian Ping , Xu Guang , Li Jun , Rao Guo Hua , Yang Fei , Gao Wen Hua
Published: July 2012

Tobacco stem and tobacco dust are the major raw materials in the reconstituted tobacco production. The extraction of the components from these materials is one of the most important procedures in making the reconstituted tobacco sheet. In this paper, we reported an approach of three-stage counter current extraction to transfer the components from tobacco stem and tobacco dust. The results showed that the extraction ratios for tobacco stem and tobacco dust were 40.2% and 54.2%, respectively. The testing results on the extracted tobacco stem and tobacco dust showed that the overall extraction ratios of water soluble sugars, total alkaloid, and chloride in tobacco dust were 89.3%, 90.5% and 100%, respectively; and the overall extraction ratios of water soluble sugars, total alkaloid and chloride in tobacco stem were 59.3%, 60.3% and 76.2%, respectively; The contents of total nitrogen in tobacco dust and tobacco stem were basically no change after each extraction. Lower extraction yield and higher extraction ration were obtain by three stages extract than those by single stage extract.
Optimization of the Technology of Extracting Dihydromyricetin from Ampelopsis by Orthogonal Experimental Design
Authors: Yang Ling , Zheng Cheng
Published: July 2012

The optimum extracting condition of dihydromyricetin from ampelopsis was studied. The MAE conditions, such as the extraction solvent volume, extraction temperature, and the period of extraction, were all studied in the orthogonal test. The most suitable conditions for the extractions were showed as follows: the extracting temperature was 95°C,the extracting time was 15min,and the solid-liquid leaching ration was 1:20.
Study on Separation and Purification of Resveratrol in Wine Grape Residue with Aqueous Two Phase Extraction Method
Authors: He Ying Zi , Wang Biao , Zhuang Yan , Lu Yu Ping
Published: July 2012

The separation and purification of resveratrol in wine grape residue with aqueous two phase extraction method were studied in this paper. Used identified ethanol - ammonium sulfate - water as the aqueous two-phase system, the wine grape residue extract substances separated well. By TLC and HPLC analysis, resveratrol content (13.3μg/ml) in aqueous two-phase extraction was higher than the results (2.342μg/ml) in organic solvent extraction. The results showed that the aqueous two phase extraction method could be used in primary separation and purification of resveratrol in wine grape residue.
Optimization of Enzyme Assisted Extraction Technology of Flavonoids from Seabuckthorn Fruit Peel Marc
Authors: Jiao Yan , Chang Ying , Yu Shi Feng , Sun Xiao Hong , Song Chun Li
Published: July 2012

Enzyme assisted extraction of flavonoids from seabuckthorn fruit peel marc was studied by response surface methodology(RSM), using a Box-Behnken experimental design. A mathematical polynomial model was proposed with regard to investigate the effect of cellulase dosage (x1), enzymolysis temperature (x2), and pH value (x3)to the flavonoids yields. These factors were further optimized using RSM. The optimal conditions were: cellulase enzyme dosage was at 73.3IU/g, temperatur was at 53.7°C and the pH was at 4.14. Under the optimum conditions, gave rise to the highest flavonoids yields, approaching 8.02 mg/g of flavonoids yields.
Synthesis and Characterization of EC / BA / VAc Hybrid Latexes via Pre-Emulsified Semi-Continuous Seed Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Li Yue , Liao Shui Jiao , Wu Wei Bing , Zhen Da , Xiao Zhi Dong
Published: July 2012

Hybrid latexes containing ethyl cellulose (EC), vinyl acetate (VAc) and butyl acrylate (BA) were prepared by pre-emulsified semi-continuous seed emulsion polymerization. Inﬂuences of some synthetic parameters on the stability of emulsion polymerization were investigated. The emulsion polymerization is optimum with emulsifier 3 wt%, OP-10/ SDS 1/1 and PVA 0.5 g. The emulsion average particle size increases with EC content increase.TGA and water absorption analysis show that EC/ BA / VAc hybrid latexes films containing more BA display better thermal stability and hydrophobicity. The EC/BA/VAc latex shows good biodegradation, flexility property and is suitable for slow-release material of environmental-friendly coated fertilizer.
Optimization of the Ultrasonic Extraction of Gypenoside III from Gynostemma pentaphyllum by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Tang Xiao Dan , Hang Hai Yang , Wang Shao Yan , Cong Jing Xiang
Published: July 2012

Gypenosides III is a major bioactive component which is rich in Gynostemma pentaphyllum. For better utilization of the native resource, response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions of gypenosides III from G. pentaphyllum. The effects of three independent variables on the extraction yield of gypenosides III were investigated and the optimal conditions were evaluated by means of Box-Behnken design. The optimal conditions are as follows: ratio of ethanol to raw material 25, extraction temperature 58°C and ultrasonic time 25min. Under these conditions, the yield of gypenoside III is 1.216±0.05%, which is agreed closely with the predicted yield value.
Antimicrobial Activity of Crude Extract from Pomelo Peel Against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Aichayawanich Sawanit , Ngaowthong Chakaphan
Published: July 2012

The antimicrobial of crude extract from pomelo peel on Staphylococcus aureas was investigated. Four organic solvents including 95% ethanol, dichlorometane, hexane and ethyl acetate, were used to extract the crude extract from pomelo peel. The antimicrobial activity of the crude extract was evaluated by detection of clear zone of inhibition. The experimental results showed that yield of yield of 95% ethanol, dichlorometane, hexane and ethyl acetate crude extract were 0.46, 0.57, 0.25, and 0.19%, respectively. Crude extract from pomelo peel can be used to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus. The clear zones of inhibition of 95% ethanol, dichlorometane, hexane and ethyl acetate crude extract were 7.88, 8.83, 7.88, and 7.54 mm, respectively.
Extraction and Purification of Asparagus Oligosaccharides
Authors: Li Xing Yuan , Xie Bing , Guo Wen Lan , Guo Run Zi , Kou Xiao Hong
Published: July 2012

The hot water method conditions of extracting oligosaccharides from asparagus are: extraction temperature: 80°C, extraction time: 90min, solid-liquid ratio: 1:20, ethanol final concentration: 80%, ethanol precipitation time: 8h and extraction times: 2. Different auxiliary treatments were tested to enhance the extraction ratio and it was improved from 3.842% to 9.638% after microwave freeze-thawing. Comparing of oligosaccharides contents between purple asparagus and green asparagus in different parts, the results showed that the oligosaccharides content in purple asparagus is about 3.5 times as that in green asparagus, and the oligosaccharides content of peel is higher than that of pulp in both asparagus. Different purification tests showed that combined action of papain and Sevag obtained a better effect.
Optimization of Glucosinolates Extracted from Maca(Lepidium meyenii) by Combined Ultrasonic and Microwave Extraction with Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Luo Chun Zi , Zhang Hong , Zheng Hua , Zhang Jia Yan , Gan Jin
Published: July 2012

For better development of the function composition of maca, combined ultrasonic and microwave method was used to extract glucosinolates of maca in this paper. The ultrasonic-microwave combined power, time, solution to solid ratio, and the volume fraction of ethanol were studied by conducting single factor tests. The optimization results showed that the collaborative of ultrasonic and microwave was in favour of extracting glucosinolates of maca. The best condition was that ultrasonic-microwave combined power 470W, time 70s, solution to solid ratio were 30:1(mL:g), and the volume fraction of ethanol was 66%, the actual content of glucosinolates of maca can reach to 0.51%, was 0.12% lower than Soxhlet extraction method.
GC-MS Analysis of Fragrance Constituents from Offcuts of Eaglewood and Chinese Eaglewood in Guangdong
Authors: He Zhi Zhou , Fan Ya Ming , Xie Xi Mei , Yuan Guan Fu , Chen Zhi Xiong
Published: July 2012

Fragrance constituents in essential oils from the off-cuts of Eaglewood (A) and Chinese Eaglewood (B) in Guangdong have been analysed by GC-MS. Essential oil A was extracted by microwave additional extraction method, and oil B was provided by a flavors company. SPME-GC-MS analyses revealed that two oils possessed 29 same compounds, and their main fragrance compositions were sesquiterpene accounting for 94.99% and 94.19% of total essential oils, respectively. However, oil A exhibited 61 volatile compounds with agarospiro (17.32%), guaiac acetate (15.99%), guaiol (15.53%) and beta-Ionon (13.61%) being the major constituents. Oil B had 59 ones, and the major constituent was spathulenol (56.45%). In the first 60 min, oil B showed 28 distinctive compounds. And in 78~91 min, oil A displayed 14 fragrance compositions, while, oil B showed 1. The results explained that two essential oils possessed similar scent. However, their aroma quality was very different. Oil A showed longer holding fragrance. However oil B exhibited richer top note. This study demonstrated that offcuts of Eaglewood would also be used to extract essential oil to provide new variety of material for perfume industry.
Effect of Container Type on the Quality of Extra Peanut Oil
Authors: Liu Xiao Li , Wu Ke Gang , Chai Xiang Hua , Yu Hong Peng , Chen Lin , Duan Xue Juan
Published: July 2012

The effects of packaging container on quality characteristics of peanut oil were investigated in this paper. Peanut oils were stored in two containers respectively: folding Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles and common PET bottles. Peroxide value (PV), tocopherol and fatty acid composition of peanut oils were determined after 9 weeks of storage. Results showed that the PV of peanut oils in folding PET containers was significantly less than that of common PET bottle during storage period. The decrease extent of unsaturated and saturated fatty acid of peanut oils in folding PET containers was less than that of common PET sample. The degradation speed of fatty acid could be restrained by folding PET container. α-, and δ-tocopherol losses of peanut oil in the folding PET container were significantly reduced.
The Effect of Micro-Structure of CMC on Stability of Milk Beverage
Authors: Hao Hong Ying , Lv Shao Yi , Shao Zi Qiang
Published: July 2012

In this paper, two types of carboxymethyl cellulose samples (CMCe and CMCm), which served as stabilizer to improve the taste and the shelf life of milk beverage, were prepared at different bath ratio and reaction media system. The influencing factors of samples’ discrepancy structure with the ways of preparation were invested. After this, its application basic properties of the samples were searched in milk beverage. The macromolecule structure and morphologies and application performances were analyzed by NMR and SEM. The effect of molecular structures and their acid salt tolerance property of two CMC on milk beverage such as sedimentation ratio and stability of milk micelle were also investigated. The results showed that the distribution of the CH2COO- group on anhydroglucose unit (AGU) of CMCe obtained at low bath ratio in ethanol was C2> C6> C3, whereas C6＞C2＞C3 which showed the highest substitution in C6 position, was observed in CMCm prepared in mixed isopropanol and ethanol at high bath ratio. In comparison with CMCe at same viscosity, the CMCm showed higher ratio of acidity to viscosity (AVR), higher temperature resistance, lower precipitation ratio (AVR) and better stability. As shown in SEM image of treated milk powder made from milk beverager, the structure of milk protein with CMCm formed continuous network and homogeneous morphology. However the structure of milk protein with CMCe showed tendency of aggregation.
Fabrication of Pr-Doped Bi2O3 with Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance under Visible Light
Authors: Wan Ze , Feng Fa Mei , Li Jian Zhang , He Jin Jin , Zhong Jun Bo , Zeng Jun
Published: July 2012

This paper reveals that photocatalytic activity of Bi2O3 under visible light towards the decolorization of Methyl Orange solution can be greatly enhanced by doping Pr into the lattice of Bi2O3 using a sol-gel method. The photocatalysts were characterized by BET, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS), respectively. The result shows that 4%Pr doped Bi2O3 possesses the best photocatalytic activity under visible light.
Mediated Improvement in Catalytic Performance of MCM-41 Immobilized Chromium Schiff Base Complex for Solvent-Free Oxidation of Cyclohexanol
Authors: Wang Xiao Li , Wu Gong De , Wang Fang
Published: July 2012

A series of chromium (III) Schiff base complexes immobilized on MCM-41 were prepared and used for the selective oxidation of cyclohexanol with 30% hydrogen peroxide. The results revealed that the immobilized complexes were active catalysts and exhibited much higher catalytic performance than their homogeneous analogue. This could be ascribed to the dispersion effect of the support. Simultaneously, the linker flexibility and the surface property of support were also found to play important roles in the catalytic performance of immobilized complexes.
Fabrication of Low Cost Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) Tubular Membrane and their Application for Hemodialysis
Authors: Kasi Ajab Khan , Kasi Jafar Khan , Hasan Mahadi , Afzulpurkar Nitin , Pratontep Sirapat , Porntheeraphat Supanit , Pankiew Apirak
Published: July 2012

This paper reports the fabrication of AAO tubular membrane using 99.35% and 99.56% pure Al and their potential application for hemodialysis. Here we discussed the effect of impurity on membrane structure. We found that the self organized structure of AAO nanochannels minimizes impurity defects in membrane. If micro size impurity blocks the generation of nanochannels then the neighboring nanochannels bend and make branches to fulfill that gap. We observed that if impurity size is less than the AAO membrane thickness then it does not produce any micro size hole. In low grade Al the periodic hexagonal order was disturbed however there was no big difference in pore diameter. It was observed that such type of membrane do not have any leakage and it can be used for fluid filtration. The fabricated tubular membrane was used for hemodialysis successfully. The hemodialysis results show that AAO tubular membrane can be used for both diffusive and convective filtration
Separations of Ammonium Lactate from Lactic Salts by Electrodialysis
Authors: Cheng Gui Shi , Zhao Ying , Wang Qun Hui
Published: July 2012

This study is focus on the separations of ammonium lactate from lactic salts by Electrodialysis. Effects of work voltage, ammonium lactate initial concentration in the demineralization chamber on ammonium lactate separation in an electrodialyzer with heterogeneous membranes have been studied during the process of electrodialysis. Experimental results show that the optimum conditions of the process of ammonium lactate concentration by electrodialysis are the following: 18V work voltage, 40g/L ammonium lactate initial concentration.
Sphingomonas-Paucimobilis of Sodium Alginate Fossilization Bacillus Subtilis Pellet to Chrome of Mine Wastewater
Authors: Jia Hai Hong , Xu Guo Xiang , Zhou Hong Ying
Published: July 2012

This study use purely bacteria on suitable condition, eliminate other bacteria come in life-form bacteria. Through the orthogonal experiment obtains the optimum condition of sodium alginate fossilization bacillus subtilus pellet to chrome adsorption, and discusses the influence of single factor to the sodium alginate fossilization bacillus subtilus pellet to chrome adsorption, including the time, the temperature,pH, the initial adsorbent density, the speed of the shaker, the absorbent which the different periods of growth bacterium does, coexistent ion, desorption. From the research, we know the maximum adsorption rate to chrome is about 80%. Dynamics research indicated that in the several methods of the Sphingomonas-paucimobilis of chrome , the methods of embedded micro-organisms embodies much advantages ,as operating easily, effecting clearly, less pollution, costing low, etc.
Treatment of Pb2+-Containing Mine Wastewater with Layered Nanometer Zinc Hydroxide
Authors: Jia Hai Hong , Xu Guo Xiang , Zhou Hong Ying
Published: July 2012

Experiment was made to study heavy metal ion mining wastewater.The effect of Temperature, pH, Initial concentration, coexisting ions and time on the performance of Nanomaterials were investigated. Results showed that removal efficiency of heavy metal ions was higher than 85% and Pb2+ concentration in permeation liquid was lower than 0.5 mg/L,which verified that Nanomaterials is effective for the removal of heavy metal ions, and the concentration liquid can be reclaimed.
Evaluation of Chromium Contamination in the Surface Sediments of Canon River Estuary, Taiwan
Authors: Chen Chiu Wen , Chen Chih Feng , Dong Cheng Di
Published: July 2012

This study was conducted using the data collected at the Canon River estuary, Taiwan to investigate and analyze Chromium (Cr) contained in the sediments, and to evaluate the enrichment and accumulation of Cr. Results of laboratory analyses show that concentrations of Cr in the sediments are between 27 and 192 mg/kg with an average of 111±52 mg/kg. The spatial distribution of Cr reveals is relatively high in the boundary of the river estuary region. This indicates that upstream industrial and municipal wastewater discharges along the river bank are major sources of pollution. Results from the enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index analyses imply that the sediments collected from the river estuary can be characterized between no enrichment to moderate degree enrichment and between none to medium accumulation of Cr, respectively. Base on the comparison with sediment quality guidelines, the sediments Cr concentrations may cause acute biological damage. The results can provide regulatory valuable information to be referenced for developing future strategies to renovate and manage river estuary and harbor.
Treatment of Exhaust Gas Loaded with Chlorinated VOC by Composite Adsorbent
Authors: Chen Ding Sheng , Cen Chao Ping , Tang Zhi Xiong , Fang Ping , Chen Zhi Hang
Published: July 2012

Three surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SBS), sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate(SDBS), Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monolaurate(Tween 20), Turkey red oil sodium salt(TROS), were prepared and tested as composite adsorbents to remove chlorinated volatile organic component from exhaust gas. A gas–liquid absorption equipment was used to evaluate the performance of composite adsorbents. It is found that the three composite adsorbents could all effectively remove chlorobenzene but their absorption abilities were rather different. The maximum removal efficiency of chlorobenzene is composite absorbent TROS with low surface tension, reached as high as 85%, much greater than those of Tween 20 and SDBS (38% and 65%, respectively).
Progress of Mesoporous Materials for the Adsorption of Cr(VI) in Wastewater
Authors: Gu Xing Xing , Luo Ling Ling , Wu Jun , Zhong Shu Xian , Chen Jian Rong
Published: July 2012

Cr(VI) has a highly toxic effect on the organism and has caused serious harm to the environment. Due to quantum size effects and interface coupling effects, mesoporous materials have novel physical, chemical and many other excellent performances, especially for the promising application in the adsorption of heavy metals. This article includes a survey of removal mesoporous materials for Cr(VI)-contaminated wastewater. It also presents the challenges and prospects in using the mesoporous adsorbents for Cr(VI) removal in wastewater treatment.
Flue Gas Simultaneous Desulfurization and Denitrification with Urea in Spouted Bed
Authors: Wang Jin Gang , Zhang Shao Feng , Liu Hai Long , Li Ling Mi
Published: July 2012

Simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification removes SO2 and NOx from flue gas in one unit and only uses one absorbent. Using urea as absorbent removing SO2 and NOx in semi-dry spouted bed has the enormous developmental potential and wide foreground for it overcomes two shortages of wet process such as the amount of urea is large and the waste water is difficult to handle. The chemical absorption mechanism and thermodynamics of SO2 and NOx with urea were studied, the operating condition optimization of spouted bed was determined through several repeating experiment, the effects of some important operational parameters such as molar ratio of urea and gaseous pollutant, inlet temperature of flue gas and approach to adiabatic saturation temperature on SO2 and NOx removal efficiency were analyzed. The results provide a foundation for the commercial scale application of simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification technology.
Recovery of Cobalt from Copper Converter Slag by a Selective Reduction-Roasting Process
Authors: Yang Wei Jiao , Wang Cheng Yan , Ma Bao Zhong , Wang Zhong , Chen Yong Qiang , Yin Fei
Published: July 2012

An industrial converter slag was treated by a selective reduction-roasting process to recovery cobalt and copper in this study. To maximizing the recovery of cobalt and copper, the major process parameters such as reducing agent, curing agent and roasting temperature were investigated. Under the determined conditions, 95% cobalt and 96% copper can be recovered. According to the mineralogical analysis, it is found that cobalt in the converter slag mainly distributes in the iron-bearing minerals, which migrates with iron during the reduction-roasting process. After the reduction-roasting, most cobalt distributes in the metallic iron in the form of Co-Fe alloy.
Effects of White-Rot Fungus Trametes Sp.lg-9 Treatment on Properties of Chlorine-Containing Bleaching Wastewater
Authors: Pang Zhi Qiang , Yang Chao , Chen Jia Chuan , Yang Gui Hua
Published: July 2012

Effects of white-rot fungus Trametes sp.lg-9 treatment on properties of chlorine-containing bleaching wastewater were investigated. Trametes sp.lg-9 was cultured in chlorine-containing bleaching wastewater under optimal growth conditions, COD sharply decreased from 10740mg/l to 7811mg/l after 5 days; chroma firstly increased from 6212 degree to 7272 degree at 5 days and then declined to 5303 degree; lignin content firstly increased to 0.33 g/l and then decreased to 0.323 g/l. Separating the crude enzyme solution to treat chlorine-containing bleaching wastewater, demonstrating the suitable temperature of the crude enzyme treatment is 40 °C and the optimum pH value is 5.6. COD, chroma and lignin content of chlorine-containing bleaching wastewater can be significantly reduced by crude enzyme treatment on conditions of low dosage and short time.
Perspective of Agriculture Wastes Usage as a Resource
Authors: Asim Nilofar , Sadaatian Omidreza , Ludin Norasikin A. , Faraji Zonooz M. Reza , Sopian K.
Published: July 2012

Investigations and phisibilty studies on using agriculture wastes as a resource for producing energy and materials is regarded insufficient and unsatisfactory. Nonetheless, the utilization of the agriculture solid wastes is suggested a viable solution to reduce pollution and to bring economical benefits. This review study emphasis on the importance of conducting experimental characterization in order to determine which application is suitable for determined waste material. These characterizations could suggest the necessary treatments or methods required to make these materials more efficient as a resource for energy and materials applications. This tailoring may enable researcher to optimize both costs and technical performances of agriculture solid waste as a resource for different application.
Adsorption of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution Using Honeycomb-Cinder
Authors: Cui Song Bo , Zhang Hua Yong , Zhang Lu Yi
Published: July 2012

The adsorption behavior of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions onto honeycomb-cinder (HC) and its acid-activated product was investigated in a batch system. The results showed the adsorption capacity was decreased for raw HC samples with the increase of pH value, while it was increased for activated samples. The adsorption data were fit with Langmuir isotherm model for MB adsorption by all samples. The MB adsorption capacity on samples was increased from 2.62 mg/g to 7.81 mg/g and 7.00 mg/g after acid-activated by HCl and H2SO4, respectively. The adsorption processes of MB followed pseudo-second-order kinetics with a coefficient of correlation≥0.99. This study demonstrated that acid-activated HC has superior adsorbing ability for MB than raw HC and can be used as alternative adsorbents in dye wastewater treatment.
Weathering-Aging and UV Degradation of Polypropylene Spunbond Nonwovens
Authors: Xie Hao , Zhang Peng , Zhu Rui Tian , Yan Yu Rong
Published: July 2012

Polypropylene spunbond nonwovens were researched by comparing ultraviolet degradation and weathering-aging. The spunbond nonwoven samples with different content of CaCO3were exposed to ultraviolet lights from UVA-340 lambs and natural sunshine. Trends of the decrease of mechanical properties of all samples are similar but the curves in artificial UV degradation are steeper. CaCO3can promote the degradation of polymer matrix while weight per unit area has a less impact on the photo-degradation.
Depolymerization of Waste Nylon 6 in [Bmim]Cl/water Mixture
Authors: Chen Jin Yang , Li Zhi Lian , Xu Tian Jiao
Published: July 2012

Depolymerization of nylon 6 (PA 6) to obtain caprolactam in the mixture of water and ionic liquid ([Bmim]Cl) was a environmentally benign and high efficient method. There are two reasons for the using of ionic liquid: first is that high H+ concentration in the mixture and the other is that anions of ionic liquid can break the hydrogen bonding of PA 6. The products of depolymerization are analyzed by mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography and the main is caprolactam. The optimal conditions to obtain caprolactam are determined of reaction temperature 170 °C, IL/H2O (w/w) 13.4%, and reaction time 8 h, and thus the yield of caprolactam 30.7% and degradation of PA 6 94.1%.
Isolation and Characterization of the Phenol Degradation Bacterium Diaphorobacter P2 Strain from Coking Wastewater
Authors: Meng Xiao Jun , Zhang Yu Xiu , Jia Rong , Li Xia , Chai Tuan Yao , Wang Yun He
Published: July 2012

A aerobic bacterium strain P2 isolated from coking wastewater, was able to utilize phenol, o-cresol and pyridine as its sole carbon and energy source. The morphological properties and the phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences showed strain P2 belonged to the genus Diaphorobacter sp.. The optimum biodegradation of phenol was 37°C, pH 7.0-9.0 and 0.25% NaCl , respectively. The growth arrearage period was prolonged with the phenol concentration. The growth of Diaphorobacter P2 and phenol-degradation were inhibited completely by 50 μmol/L metal ions, such as Cu2 +, Ni2+, Cd2+ or Cr6+. Orthogonal experiment indicated the order of metal toxicity to biodegradation of P2 was Zn2+>Mn2+>Pb2+ under various heavy-metal compounds. The phenol biodegradation in coking wastewater supplemented with 2/3 beef extract peptone medium was degraded fully in 3 days, indicating that nutrient solution was beneficial for P2 growth and phenol degradation in wastewater. Those results suggest that the Diaphorobacter P2 has potential for treatment of coking wastewater.
Effects of Sewage Sludge on Combustion of Loading Alkali Metal Pulverized Coal
Authors: Wei Li Hong , Zhang Na , Yang Tian Hua , Wang Lei
Published: July 2012

The effects of sewage sludge on combustion of loading alkali metal pulverized coal is carried out by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The result shows sewage sludge decreases initial release temperature and ignition temperature of volatile matter(VM) during the combustion of loading alkali metal pulverized coal. The combustion of fixed carbon in coal was promoted by the metal material in sludge when the sludge mixing ratio(SMA) was lower than 20% or inhibited because of the cover of sludge ash when SMA was higher than 40%. Comparison of stacking curves of sludge and measured curves of loading alkali metal coal, finds that: (1) there is no effect between sludge and coal, for the volatilization of water and small molecule substance, the combustion characteristic curves are superimposed in both experimental curves; (2) the co-combustion is interactional and interrestricted continuous change process, can't direct obtain from superimposition of curves, for the combustion of VM and fixed carbon. While SMA is lower than 20%, the samples have good combustion characteristic than pure coal.
Removal of COD from Heavy Oil Wastewater by Activated Carbon
Authors: Xu Jing Li , Xu Yian , Liang Li , Wang Jun , Luo Li Xin
Published: July 2012

COD from heavy oil wastewater was removed by activated carbon on room temperature. It was showed that removal efficiency of COD reached above 65% under the condition of 50min of adsorption time, 7 of pH, 6g of the used activated carbon and 1kg of activated carbon was used to treat 1m3 of heavy oil waste water.
Conversion of Glucose to Levulinic Acid Using SO42-/TiO2-Al2O3-SnO2 Solid Acid Catalysts
Authors: Zhuang Jun Ping , Li Xue Ping , Liu Ying
Published: July 2012

Biomass represents an abundant and relatively low cost carbon resource that can be utilized to produce platform chemicals such as levulinic acid. This study focused on the effect of SO42-/TiO2-Al2O3-SnO2solid acid catalyst on the catalytic performance in levulinic acid production from biomass-derived carbohydrates glucose. The SO42-/TiO2-Al2O3-SnO2solid acid catalyst showed a high catalytic activity for the selective conversion of glucose to levulinic acid. Experimental results showed that SO42-/TiO2-Al2O3-SnO2solid acid had markedly catalytic effects on the conversion of glucose to levulinic acid. With SO42-/TiO2-Al2O3-SnO2solid acid as the catalyst, an optimized ethyl levulinic acid was obtained at 180 °C for 2 h with glucose dosage of 2 wt% and 3 g SO42-/TiO2-Al2O3-SnO2solid acid catalys and the levulinic acid yield was 74.05%.
Preparation of Acid-Treated Sunflower Straw Powder and Adsorption Behavior of Cr(VI) Ions onto it
Authors: Chen Li Ping , Duan Yi Wen , Si Qin Da Lai
Published: July 2012

The adsorption of Cr6+ions by sulfuric acid -treated sunflower straw powder was investigated under batch mode. The influence of solution pH, adsorbent dosage, adsorbent particle size and temperature was studied. The results have shown that the absorbent was efficient, the removal ratio of Cr6+up to 99.5% with an adsorbent dosage of 8 g•L-1, a pH of 6.0, at 25°C and particle size in 80-100 mesh. The negative changes in free energy (△G) indicate that the adsorption is a spontaneous process, the positive values of the adsorption entropy △S indicate the increased randomness of the Cr6+on straw active carbon surface than in solution.
Treatment of Four Dyes Wastewater Using Fenton Reagent and Dynamical Research
Authors: Li Mei , Xu Hang , Xu Ai Rong , Liang Zhi Qiang
Published: July 2012

Fenton’s reagent was employed to treat four modeling compound of textile wastewater. The kinetic model of dye degradation during Fenton oxidation process was established. The results show that the relationship between and initial concentration of four dye is linear correlation. The calculated intrinsic rate constants of four dyes with ▪OH follow an order of k2(RB SRE)>k2(RR SBE)> k2(MB) >k2(RBB X-BR).
The Research on the Current Situation and Advances of Petrochemical Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Xiang Wen Jun
Published: July 2012

At present, it is so prominent in the development of the petrochemical industry in China，and it is accompanied by petrochemical wastewater, which has become a big problem need to solve urgently.Because petrochemical wastewater mainly contains benzene-compound, organic matter, high salt wastewater and oil sewage, etc. They are very damaging and highly contaminated. The composition and properties of the petrochemical wastewater were introduced firstly, the current situation of petrochemical wastewater treatment at home and abroad were reviewed in the study. Especially the development of petrochemical industry in sichuan was introduced. Based on the present situation and the existing problems, put forward some countermeasures and expect technique develop direction in the future.
Adsorption of Heavy Metals by Sodium Polyacrylate-Humic Acid-Rectorite Composite as a Novel Adsorbent
Authors: Chen Fang Yan , Ye Wei , Tang Yu Bin
Published: July 2012

A novel organic-inorganic composite sodium polyacrylate-humic acid-rectorite was prepared by polymerization reaction of acrylic acid, humic acid and rectorite in aqueous solution and used as adsorbent for removal of heavy metals Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions from aqueous solution. The effects of contact time, pH, temperature and adsorbent dosage on adsorption capability were investigated. Adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherm and desorption of adsorbed heavy metal ions were also researched. The results indicated that the adsorption reaction of heavy metals was rapid and reached equilibrium in 30 min. Adsorption capacities of heavy metals increased with increasing initial pH, temperature and adsorbent dosage. Adsorption reaction is endothermic. The optimum pH for all the four ions adsorption was observed at 5.5-6.5. The removal rate of Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II) ions with initial concentration of 50mg/L are more than 98%, and Zn(II) ions removal is about 90%. The suitability of adsorption kinetics for heavy metals to a pseudo-second-order kinetics model suggested that the adsorption rate may be governed by chemiadsorption involving ions exchange or sharing between adsorbent and metal ions. The adsorption equilibrium data was well interpreted by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model. The adsorption behaved as monomolecular layer. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was 1666.7, 666.7, 303.0 and 454.6 mg∙g-1 for Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions, respectively, at 25°C. Adsorbed metal ions were desorbed effectively by 0.1M HCl solution. Desorption rate was about 95.2, 92.4, 98.7 and 94.3% for Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions, respectively. Adsorbent can be reused for three cycles without any significant loss in adsorption performance.
Research Overview on Hydrological Effects of Frozen Soil
Authors: Chang Long Yan , Dai Chang Lei , Liao Hou Chu
Published: July 2012

The hydrological effect of frozen soil is a particular hydrological phenomenon in frozen regions, which mainly performs in three aspects as following: (a) The poor permeability or impermeability of the frozen soil changes the infiltration and evapotranspiration process in soil and affects the storage and thawing process. (b) Frozen soil changes annual and inter-annual runoff variation process in a watershed. (c) Frozen soil influences and regulates the global climate. Based on the analysis of the frozen soil effects on the evaporation, infiltration and runoff in current research, this paper systematically analyzed relative researches on hydrological effects of frozen soil in recent years from environmental characteristics, data sources, research methods and major conclusions. The main conclusions are as follow: In China, research on hydrological effects of frozen soil started relatively late and developed slowly; There are few initial research on frozen soil hydrology and most research concerning which has been focused on the mechanics of frozen soil engineering rather than the discussions on hydrology; Future development of frozen soil hydrology in should be strengthened in some other aspects. Research on hydrological effects of frozen soil can lead to better understanding of this exceptional hydrological process, which has great significance on utilization of water resources and ecological environment protection in cold regions.
Analysis of Metallogenic Conditions of Geothermal Resources in Heiyu Lake of Daqing
Authors: Bai Yu Chun , Li Yong Li , Qi Fu Li , Zhang Feng Long
Published: July 2012

Heiyu Lake zone of Daqing is located in the southwest hollow borderland of Heiyu Lake and on the arching transitional zone of Daqing placanticline. Based on the geological background of Heiyu Lake, this paper analyzes the landform, the regional geological structure, the formation lithology and the irruptive rock and other metallogenic conditions in detail. The indispensable geological conditions for forming geothermal field in layers were summed up. Combining with the development characteristics and geophysical data of formation, the bore hole site of geothermal well and target stratum were ascertained. The four major elements of forming geothermal resources in this region were confirmed by carrying out geothermal drilling.
Analysis of Characteristics of Hydrology and Water Resources of the Heilong (Amur) River Basin
Authors: Dai Chang Lei , Yu Cheng Gang , Lin Lan , Xiao Di Fang , Li Hui Yu
Published: July 2012

As the most remote river in the North of China, Heilong (Amur) River have an abundant precipitation in the basin and a rich runoff. Due to the special transnational spanned geographic location, Heilong (Amur) basin 's borders, water rights, regional water resources development are a big concern. Due to lack of multinational management and information, analysis of characteristic of Heilong (Amur) watershed's hydrology and water resources are not enough. In order to serve the water resources development and water security, and to better understand the state of hydrology and water resources in Heilong River, this article make a reference to the Heilong River Hydrographic and the research of hydrologic data about Heilong River, detailed analyzed the characteristics of hydrology and water resources. For reference to scientists of geography, water conservancy and hydropower who are interested in Heilong River's hydrographic.
Research on Ice Image Recognition Technology Based on the Modified C-V Model for Inner Mongolia Section of the Yellow River
Authors: Xu Lu Kai , Zeng He , Zhang Bao Sen
Published: July 2012

There has been a long history for the ice disaster in the Yellow River, and monitoring methods at present relatively backward. Therefore, an effective real-time monitoring method is especially important. Currently we cannot get some important parameters, for example the ice density, which is needed by the hazard prediction model of early warning accurately and validly. This paper will put forward a new method which is to for access the ice density based on the modified C-V model .By Using the C-V model which is joined with gradient information and accelerating factor, we can identify the target and segment the ice images of Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River which is collected by the UAV. The Yellow River regime is not only more complicated but also have the characteristics of high sediment content. Several sections of Yellow River’s water is muddy. Target is difficult to identify. In addition to this the ice shape is very irregular. Therefor by using of the traditional image edge detection technology and original C-V model can fail to effectively identify ice. Nevertheless, the improved C-V model mentioned above can solve such problems effectively. The experimental results also prove that the algorithm is robust and effective.
Water and Salt Regulation Mode of Soil Salinization Based on Change of Land Utilization
Authors: Gu Hong Biao , Wang Li Juan
Published: July 2012

Soil Salinization poses a potential threat to human health, socio-economic development, national food security, local ecological environment, and also leads to substantial risks. Therefore, non-engineering and engineering control measures are required to reduce the risks and hazard levels. To achieve the goal, the nature of factors, which affect the salinity formation whether it can be regulated or not, had been first made a thorough analysis. Then the combined control mode which was water and salt regulation management simulation model of soil salinization based on change of land utilization had been put into pratice in Songyuan irrigated district. The specific process is as follows: under the premise of land utilization re-adjustment, three-dimensional hydrogeological numerical model was used as a tool to evaluate the distribution ratio of surface water and groundwater, taking the water table changes as clues to achieve the goal that verifies the mode of soil salinization in Songyuan irrigated district, and can forecast the water and salt movement tendency. On the other hand, from the perspective of critical groundwater depth of soil salinization to analyze its variation trend, different management measures were suggested. The research results showed that the mode of regulation can effectively head off the deterioration of salinization, and taking environmental and economic benefits into account, it can also provide basis for scientific amelioration and field management for saline soil.
Adsorption Kinetics of Uranium(VI) on Carboxylic Acid Fiber
Authors: Lei Yun Yi , Cao Wei Guo , Lin Kun Hua , Jin Ye Fei
Published: July 2012

The paper analyzed the adsorption conditions of uranium on carboxylic acid fiber. The isotherms were drawn, and Langmuir and Freundlich equations were deduced. The adsorption kinetics of UO22+on carboxylic fiber was researched. The rate constant of adsorption was obtained and the apparent activation energy was determined. This research provides a theoretical basis for new adsorbents of uranium in nuclear wastes.
Kinetics Analysis and Process Simulation for Sorption-Enhanced Steam Methane Reforming
Authors: Chen Heng Zhi , Liu Jing , Guo Zheng Kui
Published: July 2012

Hydrogen is an important industrial raw material now and may become the main fuel in the future with increasing attention on the global warm and environment protection. Sorption-enhanced steam methane reforming (SESMR) integrates methane reforming, water-shift and CO2separating in one step and hydrogen concentration is high up to 98%. This paper reviews recent studies on the reaction kinetics about SESMR process. Microkinetics is believed the more promising and reliable than that of intrinsic kinetics. It is appropriate approach to promote carbonation rate through adding materials with a low melting point to the sorbent.
Effect of Coarse Woody Debris on Soil Microbial Functional Diversity Following a Huge Ice Storm in South China
Authors: Ou Yu Duan , Wu Tian , Su Zhi Yao
Published: July 2012

Soil microbe’s response to coarse woody debris (CWD) was assessed in two contrasting stands. The volume, percent cover and weight of CWD in the damaged stand were significantly much higher than the undamaged stand. Redundancy Analysis showed that CWD and soil nutrient had a significant effect on soil microbial community (p < 0.005). Decay class of CWD had the greatest influence on soil microbial communities, and soil nutrient was next to it. With increasing decay class, CWD was favorable for soil microbial functional diversity. Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium showed a positive correlation with decay class and made a positive contribution on soil microbial functional diversity. Stands without ice storm impact temporarily had higher soil nutrient content than those suffered severe damage at the early stage after ice storm. Soil microbial functional diversity had no difference between both slopes. Findings reflected that there were other factors affecting the soil microbes in forest ecosystem except for the CWD decomposition and soil nutrient.
Kinetics Studies of Synthesis of Double Bond of Blocked Water-Borne Polyurethane
Authors: Hu Yi , Chen Jin Ling , Zhang Chao Gao , Zhan Xiao Li , Wang Sheng Peng , Qu Shao Min
Published: July 2012

With isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and polyether diols (N210) as raw, the water-borne polyurethane was synthesized. The end groups of the water-borne polyurethane were blocked with 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA). The chemical structures were characterized from Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The viscosity of the emulsion was investigated from rotary viscometer. The kinetics of reaction of NCO blocked with HEA was investigated, the results show that the reaction fits to a second-order reaction characteristic and the reaction rate is irrelevant with HEA.
The Kinetic Study on Phosphorous Acid Reducing Adamsite
Authors: Wang Xin , Cai Zhong Lin , Li Shan Mao , Wang Ji Zhang , Li Wei , Jiang Wei Ping
Published: July 2012

The kinetic process of the reduction reaction between phosphorous acid and adamsite has been studied to determine the reaction rate equation and to deduce the reaction mechanism, providing the theoretical basis for destroying adamsite by phosphorous acid.