bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Concepts for Iron-Formation and Associated Metalliferous Sediments
Authors: Gross Gordon A.
Published: November 2019

The development of genetic concepts for iron-formation is outlined from the early descriptive stages to modern studies of protofacies on the sea floor. Early work focused on the identification of single processes for the source, concentration, and depositional environment for the iron, silica, and other constituents in these hydrolithic sediments. Genetic models were built around separate processes and many assumptions were made about factors that controlled the distribution, nature, and geologic environments of these enigmatic rocks. Features and processes distinctive of clastic or chemically precipitated facies of iron-formation have not been clearly defined and the nature of primary features, precursor facies, and depositional environments of banded cherty rocks is often conjectural.

Most of the fundamental concepts of the genesis and deposition of ferruginous hydrolithic sediments appeared in the literature in the first half of the century. Documentation of primary sedimentary features and environmental factors and qualitative assessments of genetic processes have been limited in scope and are inadequate. Previous studies of iron-formation and the associated stratafer sediments are considered under the following themes: sources and transportation of iron and silica, the role of organisms, facies development, stratigraphic-tectonic environments for deposition, major iron-manganese-sulfide facies relationships, metallogenic significance, and recent protofacies.

In general, most of the genetic concepts proposed in the first part of this century emphasized sedimentary sources for the constituents; deposition was thought to have been rigidly controlled in platform or near-shore shelf environments, and large-scale deposition of iron was believed to have been restricted to the Proterozoic. In contrast, concepts of volcanogenic, exhalative, or hydrothermal effusive sources of constituents were among the first conceived for these hydrolithic sediments. They were not extensively applied until about 30 years ago. Many realized at that time that tectonic environments, proximity to hydrothermal source vents, and organic, physical, and chemical processes similar to those observed in modern protolithic facies could be major controlling factors in the deposition of the siliceous ferruginous stratafer sediments. Hydrogenous sources for the major constituents in the larger iron-formations have been considered seriously by some in recent years. Examples of iron-formation distributed throughout the geologic record were widely documented by the midcentury.
Model Development
Authors: Wallace Stewart R.
Published: November 2019

There are two principal categories of porphyry molybdenum deposits: the quartz monzonite type and the Climax type. The quartz monzonite-type deposits are broadly distributed throughout the western cordillera of North America, and one or more are present and known in Peru, Yugoslavia, Sulawesi, and China. The Climax-type deposits are fewer in number, are restricted to the Colorado mineral belt, and are related to highly evolved rhyolitic rocks. Deposits classed as sub-Climax type are located in New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, Texas, and Greenland.

The Climax-type deposits are the product of more complex igneous hydrothermal systems than are deposits of other types; multiple intrusive and mineralizing events are common features, and average ore grades are significantly higher. The Climax mine was the first producer of molybdenite from a porphyry system, and this deposit has the longest history of operation and model development. The story of events leading to the present interpretation of Climax geology is the focus of this paper.

The first bona fide geologic model for Climax was proposed in 1926, when B. S. Butler of the U.S. Geological Survey noted that ore developed on one side of a zone of pervasive silicification should have a counterpart on the other side. A hole drilled in 1929 to test this thesis was successful, and the result was the truncated cone model of Butler and Vanderwilt (1933). This cone (the upper orebody) was interpreted as a mineralization chimney formed by solutions issuing from a postulated intrusion below the chimney.

Extreme alteration and paradoxical relationships between dike rocks and mineralization led to misidentification of rock types (Tertiary porphyries versus Precambrian metamorphic rocks and granites) and misinterpretation of events; even the discovery of a second orebody (lower orebody) in 1936 did not change the concept of a single event from a single source. Work by Wallace and others in the 1950s and 1960s added a third orebody (Ceresco orebody) and demonstrated the importance of time and of multiple intrusive and mineralizing events fueled by a master reservoir.

The development of new highly sensitive, accurate, and rapid analytical methods enabled T. G. Moore and H. T. Schassberger of AMAX Exploration to demonstrate during the early to mid-1960s the highly evolved nature of Climax-type intrusions. This, plus the recent developments in tectonic theory and the concept of fractionation by thermogravitational diffusion (Hildreth, 1979), provided the elements necessary for the formulation of the “atectonic diapir” model by White et al. (1981).
The Discovery of the Kambalda Nickel Deposits, Western Australia
Authors: Gresham J. J.
Published: November 2019

Gold was discovered in the Kambalda region in late 1896 and mining operations established in 1897. Production ceased in 1907, but the area continued to be the focus of prospecting activity. Samples collected from the area in 1954, thought to contain uranium due to the presence of green minerals, were found to contain traces of nickel and copper. These samples were brought to the attention of the Western Mining Corporation in 1964 and were found to be gossans of base metal sulfides. Detailed mapping revealed that these gossans were of significant dimensions. The company acquired a substantial land position in the area, and on January 28, 1966, diamond drill hole KD1 intersected 2.7 m of massive sulfide which assayed 8.3 percent Ni. This discovery led to an unprecedented boom in exploration activity for nickel in Western Australia.
The Discovery of the La Escondida Orebody
Authors: Lowell J. David
Published: November 2019

A grass-roots porphyry copper exploration project in northern Chile was funded by Utah International and Getty Oil Company and begun in January 1979. The project was based on the assumption that the belt of mid-Tertiary-age Chilean porphyry copper deposits would project in a straight line from El Salvador to Chuquicamata across an area partly covered by postmineral gravels and extrusive rocks. Reconnaissance mapping and stream-sediment and rock geochemistry surveys were done over an area about 30 by 500 km in size, and a number of geochemical anomalies and porphyry copper-type alteration-mineralization zones were identified. A program of high-pressure rotary scout drilling followed, in which drill holes were widely spaced and generally intended to extrapolate concentric silicate zoning and trace element dispersion halos from outcrop areas into areas of postmineral cover, where it was hoped that a buried chalcocite-enriched porphyry copper deposit would be found.

Five prospects were drilled with a total of 160,000 m of rotary drilling before the La Escondida deposit was discovered on March 13, 1981. Interpretation of unusual salt-modified leached capping textures was a factor in the discovery.
Magnesian-Magnetite Ore Formation
Authors: Strunin B.M. , Duzhikov O.A. , Mkrtychyan A.K.
Published: November 2019

Iron mineralization is widely developed within the Angaro-Vilujsky ore belt [2]. In the Noril’sk region, it is found along the western border of the Tungussky syncline and also within the Noril’sk-Kharayelakh depression. The Angaro-Noril’sk metallogenic zone contains some iron mineralization (as deined by N. V. Pavlov [103]). This metallogenic zone is controlled by the Imangdinsky-Letninsky fault zone and is best developed in the basin of the Letnyaya, Severnaya and Kurejka rivers.

Iron-bearing deposits of the Angaro-Vilujsky belt are localized within an area of volcano-tectonic structures which is 60 x 130 kilometers in extent. These deposits occur as shallow domes and basins within Paleozoic to early Mesozoic rocks; at the margins they are rimmed by multiple fractures, crush zones and associated hydrothermal alteration, by arcuate trap dykes and diatremes. The circularity of the structures is reflected in the magnetic fields, which are characterized by a simple pattern in the central part and by a complicated pattern at the periphery. They are connected with crustal magmatic chambers, which are believed to be 8 to 15 kilometers deep. The roots of the deposits are connected with the evolving intermediate chambers, which are probably very extensive vertically and interconnect with a mantle source. These considerations are based on geological data and on K-Ar dating of the volcanic pipes (220+/-25 million years) and the magnesian-magnetite hydrothermal mineralization (160 to 100 million years). The deposits formed as a result of the interaction between basaltic magma in the intermediate chamber and mantle fluid; this led to
Copper Sandstone and Schist Formations
Authors: Lurje A.M.
Published: November 2019

Copper sandstone and schist deposits are developed in the Igarsky region (cf Figure 1, p.2, 3) at the northwestern rim of the Siberian platform. The terrain consists of a pre-Vendian north-south trending preorogenic trough and the Igarsky Baikal-age horst. Small inter-montane basins extend from the main trough southwest into the Igarsky horst. The junction of uplifted blocks of the Igarsky horst with the pre-orogenic trough and the inter-montane basins occurs along faults which form the western border of the Siberian platform (Figure 45, p.192, 193).

The sedimentary strata belong to three structural levels, which correspond to three stages in the geological development: the concluding geosynclinal (early-middle Riphean) stage; the transitional or early platformal (late Riphean) stage; and the platformal (Vendian-Cambrian) stage. The first stage includes the intensely dislocated Ludovsky and Gubinsky strata, these occur in uplifted blocks of the basement. The transitional stage is represented by the Chernorechensky and Izluchinsky suites, which occur in the pre-orogenic trough and the intermontane basins. Peneplaned surfaces of these deposits are transgressed by Vendian-Cambrian marine (essentially carbonate) deposits of the Sukharikhinsky suite, which represent the beginning of platform development.

The present day structure of the Igarsky region formed as a result of Hercynian orogenesis and Mesozoic-Cenozoic activity. It shows an inherited development, for example, the cores of the anticlines coincide with uplifted, wedge-like Baikal-aged blocks, while the synclines coincide with pre-Vendian depressions. The Kulyumbijsky-Sukharikhinsky and Chernorechensky anticlines are the largest; they are separated by the Ust’-Gorbiachinsky (in the north) and Shumninsky (in the)
Evaluating the measurement properties of the 26-item Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC-26) with a multicenter cohort
Authors: Crump R. Trafford , Peterson Alex , Charbonneau Camille , Carlson Kevin V. , Sutherland Jason M. , Baverstock Richard J.
Published: November 2019

Introduction: We aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the 26-item Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC-26) for measuring the quality of life in patients treated for localized prostate cancer. The EPIC-26 is a patient-reported outcome instrument recommended for use with patients treated for localized prostate cancer.

Methods: This study is based on data collected prospectively between September 2014 and February 2017 in Alberta, Canada. Men were treated with either radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy and administered the EPIC-26. Responses to the EPIC-26 were the primary outcome. Construct validity was measured using confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was measured using Chronbach’s alpha and item-total correlation. Ceiling and floor effects were also investigated.

Results: EPIC-26 response data from 205 participants (prostatectomy =138; radiation=60; both=7) were used in this analysis. The EPIC-26 was administered an average of 33.8 weeks after treatment. The confirmatory factor analysis model did not meet the threshold for adequate fit. Several items had near-zero factor loadings and were non-significant. Four out of the EPIC- 26’s five domains met the acceptable reliability threshold based on Cronbach’s alpha. Ceiling effects were observed in four out of five domains.

Conclusions: The EPIC-26 demonstrated poor construct validity, adequate reliability, and large ceiling effects. Several issues were observed, suggesting that the instrument’s five domains were not well-defined by their respective items. The original EPIC’s conceptual framework should be reviewed and the shortened instrument revised to improve its performance for measuring post-treatment quality of life.
Children with vesico-ureteric reflux have joint hypermobility and occasional TNXB sequence variants
Authors: Tokhmafshan Fatima , El Andalousi Jasmine , Murugapoopathy Vasikar , Fillion Marie-Lyne , Campillo Sarah , Capolicchio John-Paul , Jednak Roman , El Sherbiny Mohamed , Turpin Sophie , Schalkwijk Joost , Matsumoto Ken-Ichi , Brophy Patrick D. , Gbadegesin Rasheed A. , Gupta Indra R.
Published: November 2019

Introduction: To consider alternative mechanisms that give rise to a refluxing uretero-vesical junction (UVJ), we hypothesized that children with a common heritable urinary tract defect, vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR), may have a defect in the extracellular matrix composition of the UVJ and other tissues that would be revealed by assessment of the peripheral joints. Hypermobile joints can arise from defects in the extracellular matrix within the joint capsule that affect proteins, including Tenascin XB.

Methods: We performed an observational study of children with familial and non-familial VUR to determine the prevalence of joint hypermobility, renal scarring, and DNA sequence variants in Tenascin XB.

Results: The majority of children, 27/44, exhibited joint hypermobility using the Beighton scoring system. This included 15/26 girls (57.6%) and 12/18 boys (66.6%), which is a significantly higher prevalence for both sexes when compared to population controls (p<0.005). We found no association between joint hypermobility and renal scarring. Seven of 49 children harbored rare pathogenic sequence variants in TNXB, and two also exhibited joint hypermobility. No sequence variants in TNXB were identified in 25/27 children with VUR and joint hypermobility. Due to the observational design of the study, there was missing data for joint hypermobility scores in six children and for DMSA scans in 17 children.

Conclusions: We observed a high prevalence of VUR and joint hypermobility in children followed within a tertiary care pediatric urology clinic. While mutations in TNXB have been reported in families with VUR and joint hypermobility, we identified only two children with these phenotypes and pathogenic variants in TNXB. We, therefore, speculate that VUR and joint hypermobility may be due to mutations in other extracellular matrix genes.
An Examination of Service Learning and Self-Efficacy for Masters Students Engaging in Substance Use Education
Authors: Rose Stephanie , Thomas Johanna , Christian Samantha , Morris Duston , Sego Anita
Published: November 2019

This study explored perceptions of social work students before and after a service-learning project in which they worked with clients with substance abuse issues. Two areas were explored: (1) social work students’ perceptions of treating clients with substance use before and after the course “Addiction Treatment in Social Work” and the required service-learning project component; and (2) social work students’ self-efficacy before and after the addiction, service-learning project. Data-collection occurred through a pre-post self-efficacy survey, a questionnaire about interests in working with clients struggling with addiction and a course assignment. Students also completed a demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Dedoose for the qualitative data component and SPSS for the quantitative components. Overall, findings from the quantitative and qualitative analyses were very positive. Although there were no significant increases in self-efficacy from pre-post-test the average scores did increase nearly 3.5 points. Students also indicated they were more willing to work with both individuals and groups/families dealing with addiction issues. Moreover, students reported an increase in insight, skills, community engagement and meaningful experiences even though they reported having feelings of doubt initially. Based on the findings, specialized training and service-learning opportunities in addictions for social work students is beneficial. Training should target appropriate skills, the distinct needs of people who are suffering from substance abuse disorders, and self-reflection regarding perceptions of substance use disorders.
From Property Right to Copyright: A Conceptual Approach and Justifications for the Emergence of Open Access
Authors: Koutras Nikos
Published: November 2019

From Property Right to Copyright: A Conceptual Approach and Justifications for the Emergence of Open Access

This article relies on the premise that to understand the significance of Open Access Repositories (OARs) it is necessary to know the context of the debate. Therefore, it is necessary to trace the historical development of the concept of copyright as a property right. The continued relevance of the rationales for copyright interests, both philosophical and pragmatic, will be assessed against the contemporary times of digital publishing. It follows then discussion about the rise of Open Access (OA) practice and its impact on conventional publishing methods. The present article argues about the proper equilibrium between self-interest and social good. In other words, there is a need to find a tool in order to balance individuals’ interests and common will. Therefore, there is examination of the concept of property that interrelates justice (Plato), private ownership (Aristotle), labour (Locke), growth of personality (Hegel) and a bundle of rights that constitute legal relations (Hohfeld). This examination sets the context for the argument.
The Potential of Public Policy on Open Access Repositories
Authors: Koutras Nikos
Published: November 2019

The Potential of Public Policy on Open Access Repositories

To address the potential of public policy on the governance of OARs it is necessary to define what is meant by public policy and the importance of public policy in designing an efficient governance framework. Critical components are the subject matter of public policy and its objectives. Hence, it is useful to consider declarations, policies and statements in relation to open access practice and examine the efficiency of these arrangements towards the improvement of stakeholders’ engagement in governance of OARs. Secondly, policies relating to dissemination of scientific information via OARs should be examined. In this regard, it is relevant to consider the public policy basis for Intellectual Property (IP) laws that concerning the utility of OARs. Therefore, economic theories relevant with the role of IP laws should be examined. Such examination depicts to what extend these laws facilitate the utility of OARs. In order to specify justifications for the desirability of OARs the objectives of social theories should be also considered. Thus, there is consternation that without legal protection against copying the incentive to create intellectual property will be undermined. As scholarly communication infrastructure evolves, it is necessary to recognize the efforts of the relationship between Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) and communication technologies in the context of public policy and after engagement with it. After employing such multilevel approach, the paper argues about a socio-economic framework to enhance the governance of OARs through public policy.
Tribological properties of grease containing graphene oxide or hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Dąbrowski Igor Jakub , Gocman Krzysztof , Kałdoński Tadeusz
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of research of tribological behavior of basic greases (of 2. NLGI class) including different mass concentration concentration (0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%) of additives: graphene oxide (produced by the Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw) and hexagonal boron nitride (produced by the Military University of Technology, Warsaw). In the first part of this publication there is elementary information about graphene and its applications, especially in tribological field. The next part of the paper contains the results of research on the mentioned above samples, which were investigated with four-ball apparatus T-02 and Universal Micro/Nano Tester UNMT (CETR, CA, USA), at the Department of Tribology and Service Fluids Logistics at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Military University of Technology. The results proved a positive effect of adding graphene oxide or hexagonal boron nitride to basic grease on its tribological properties. In case of “water dispersion of graphene oxide”, its tribological properties were similar to the samples including significant concentration of GO.
Keywords: graphene, grease, graphene oxide, hexagonal boron nitride
Prática de correção textual e formação de escreventes: viés dialógico
Authors: Goldstein Norma Seltzer , Bartho Viviane Dinês de Oliveira Ribeiro
Published: November 2019

Sendo o dialogismo processo inerente à linguagem, seria paradoxal considerar uma produção de texto – réplica dialógica escrita – como monológica, com ausência dialógica ou, mesmo, como incorreta. Na escola, porém, algumas correções de texto são realizadas segundo esse paradoxo. A avaliação escolar desconsidera o princípio da dialogia, ao aplicar critérios de correção que distinguem a boa réplica da má, caso este em que o texto é considerado inadequado. Buscamos discutir alguns desses critérios, de modo a observar sua aplicabilidade em uma perspectiva do dialogismo. Como objetivo, elegemos analisar um texto pelo viés de seu dialogismo constitutivo e propor uma perspectiva dialógica para a avaliação de texto, de modo a operar na formação do aluno-escrevente e do professor. A concepção de “erro” é relativa: pode traduzir a não aprendizagem de algum tópico pelo aluno; e pode, ainda, ser indício da necessidade de reflexão sobre a prática pedagógica, sendo, neste segundo caso, uma oportunidade de formação docente. Propomos, a partir de exemplificação, um olhar dialógico e inclusivo para os textos dos alunos, trabalhando aspectos constitutivos de suas próprias produções. Consideramos que tanto a produção quanto a avaliação da produção são atos responsivos dialógicos que afetam, na relação de alteridade, a constituição dos sujeitos que lidam com a escrita e podem, assim, ensinar e aprender mutuamente.
Entrevista com o Prof. Dr. Manoel Luiz Gonçalves Corrêa: a escrita na formação do professor e pesquisador
Authors: Fischer Adriana
Published: November 2019

Entrevista
Pode-se levar a sério o PISA? Entrevista com Bertrand Daunay e Daniel Bart
Authors: Oliveira Adilson Ribeiro de
Published: November 2019

Como se sabe, o Programa Internacional de Avaliação de Estudantes (PISA – do inglês Programme for International Student Assessment) é um empreendimento conduzido pela Organização para Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE). Trata-se de uma avaliação comparada, aplicada a estudantes na faixa etária dos 15 anos, idade em que se estima o término da escolaridade básica obrigatória na maioria dos países que participam da avaliação, o que, no Brasil, corresponde ao final do Ensino Fundamental.De acordo com o Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP), órgão responsável pela realização do PISA no Brasil, o objetivo desse programa é produzir indicadores sobre a qualidade da educação oferecida nos países participantes, de modo a promover discussões que subsidiem políticas de melhoria da educação básica. As avaliações acontecem a cada três anos, abrangendo três áreas do conhecimento – Letramento em Leitura, Cultura Matemática e Cultura Científica –, sendo que a cada ano uma dessas três áreas é enfatizada. Segundo a OCDE, não se trata somente de avaliar o que os alunos sabem em leitura, matemática e ciências, mas também de compreender o que eles são capazes de fazer com esses conhecimentos. Além de diagnosticar competências dos estudantes, o PISA ainda procura coletar informações que possam relacionar o desempenho dos estudantes a variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas e educacionais, de modo que tais informações possam ser utilizadas pelos poderes públicos como um instrumento na idealização, planejamento, implementação e refinamento de políticas educativas.No ano de 2018, a área de conhecimento enfatizada foi a Leitura: momento oportuno para esta entrevista com os professores e pesquisadores Bertrand Daunay e Daniel Bart, especialistas franceses que publicaram (para além de vários artigos sobre o tema nos últimos anos) em 2016, pelas edições Croquant, na França, a obra Les blagues à PISA: le discours sur l’école d’une institution internacionale e, em 2018, pela editora Mercado de Letras, para satisfação dos leitores brasileiros interessados na temática, “Pode-se levar a sério o PISA? O tratamento do texto literário em uma avaliação internacional”, convite a uma análise crítica e, em consequência, a uma reflexão engajada em melhor compreensão de uma faceta dessa avaliação de impacto global.
Produção de fanfictions e escrita colaborativa: Uma proposta de adaptação para a sala de aula
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Elisa , Jesus Lucas Mariano de
Published: November 2019

Considerada uma das práticas sociais de leitura e escrita contemporâneas, a produção de fanfiction ou ficção de fã é nosso objeto de estudo neste artigo, que aborda também questões como a das práticas de escrita colaborativa, os desafios impostos ao debate no campo literário e a adaptação de parte dessas práticas para o ambiente escolar. A fim de testar esta última possibilidade, propôs-se um curso a estudantes universitários de uma instituição federal de ensino (na área de Letras) no qual foram criadas oportunidades de escrita colaborativa de contos, empregando uma dinâmica semelhante à das fanfics. Nossas conclusões apontam para uma recepção positiva dos estudantes quanto à escrita colaborativa, o que pode alterar suas performances de escrita no sentido de um maior engajamento.
Effectiveness versus Procedural Protection
Authors: Östlund Allison
Published: November 2019

This study deals with the friction that arises when the effectiveness of EU law encounters national rules which prevent judges from applying EU law on their own initiative. It presents pivotal factors in the CJEU’s endeavours to strike a balance in a way that ensures both substantive and procedural protection.
The author lends her support to a theoretical approach of distilling the beneficiaries of effectiveness, effective judicial protection under EU law and national standards of procedural protection. This methodological lens locates a key dividing line between ensuring the substantive protection of a beneficiary of EU law and ensuring procedural protection for all litigants.
Requiring a national judge to examine applicable EU law ex officio is the solution that best promotes its correct implementation, i.e. substantive protection. Yet, this is a controversial duty to stipulate, because it runs contrary to the principle of party disposition. While by and large respecting procedural autonomy, the conditioned obligation of ex officio review identified in this work has the capacity to undercut procedural equality.
Der Körper auf Tauchstation
Authors: Kasprowicz Dawid
Published: November 2019

How can the human body be integrated into a technological loop? Is it enough to measure this body? Where does the measurable body end and where does the subjective realm of a sentient body begin? This book focuses less on the distinction between measurable (Körper) and sentient bodies (Leib). Instead, it describes processes in which these distinctions become the construct of media-intensive practices of knowledge. At the centre of these practices is the concept of immersion—the plunging of bodies into technological environments. Using case studies from the train ride, cockpit design and experiments in virtual reality, this book shows how new knowledge of humans is generated through the correlations between human bodies and technological environments. Assembling knowledge from fields like the history of the body in the 20th century, the history of technology, media history and media theory, it addresses the central question of the ‘immersed body’ in terms of our subjectivity in digitalised environments.
When Migration Unites Political Parties: The Securitisation of Migration in Czech Party Manifestos
Authors: Krotký Jan
Published: November 2019

Migration issues are an important topic of Czech political discourse. However, little is known about the attitudes of Czech political parties, especially in the context of the securitisation of migration. The value of this article is in the comparative perspective it offers by comparing the pre-crisis and post-crisis periods. This is achieved by critical discourse analysis of Czech parties’ manifestos in the 2014 and 2019 European Parliament elections. Based on the results of the analysis, I argue that the securitisation of migration in Czech party manifestos was already set up in the pre-crisis period; the so-called migration crisis just emphasised this framing. The legitimisation of the framing was mainly connected with the issue of ‘illegality’ and the main security measure suggested was the protection of the external borders of the EU. This study also offers theoretic contributions. I propose to consider securitisation as a pragmatic strategy which should not necessarily be linked to the concept of populism. As my results show, securitisation as a pragmatic strategy is used by parties from across the political spectrum, no matter their position on the left-right political divide, their position on the EU or populist rhetoric.
Survey of Pharmacists Regarding the Use of Propofol Infusions in the PICUs in North America
Authors: Kurek Kenneth J. , Harthan Aaron A. , Tripathi Sandeep
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVE The objective of this survey was to assess the current use of continuous infusion propofol in PICUs across the United States and Canada.

METHODS A list of institutions with PICU beds/units was identified through the residency directories available on the American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists (ASHP) and Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists (CHSP) Web sites. A REDCap questionnaire was sent to each identified institution's program director via email. An initial reminder email was sent out 2 weeks later and a second reminder email was sent 4 weeks after the initial request. The survey was closed at 6 weeks.

RESULTS A total of 514 emails were sent to residency program directors, and 50 pharmacists responded to the survey. Of the pharmacists that did respond, 27 (54%) reported using propofol while 23 (46%) did not. Of those that did not, 43.5% reported the FDA boxed warning as the primary reason. Thirty-seven percent of respondents using propofol felt comfortable using a maximum infusion rate of 200 mcg/kg/min. Twenty-nine percent, 25%, and 33% of those who responded as using propofol felt comfortable using this agent for a maximum duration of 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively. The majority of respondents using propofol did not have a case of propofol-related infusion syndrome.

CONCLUSIONS Despite the FDA warning, propofol is used as a continuous infusion (with variable limitations) by a majority of pharmacists in North America. Self-reported incidence of propofol-related infusion syndrome (PRIS) remains low.
Evaluation of Incompatible Coadministration of Continuous Intravenous Infusions in a Pediatric/Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Häni Chloé , Vonbach Priska , Fonzo-Christe Caroline , Russmann Stefan , Cannizzaro Vincenzo , Niedrig David F.
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate and quantify incompatible coadministrations of continuous intravenous medication in the daily clinical practice of a PICU/NICU.

METHODS We conducted a retrospective, observational study in the setting of an 18-bed PICU/NICU. All concurrently administered continuous infusions, including blood products and parenteral nutrition, were analyzed for 2 months. Raw electronic data were retrieved and subjected to quality controls. Infusion combinations were classified as compatible, incompatible, no data, or variable according to the internal hospital charts, Trissel's database, and the Swiss summary of product characteristics. For situations with incompatible coadministrations, we assessed alternative distributions of infusions among the currently available lumen.

RESULTS Data for 100 patients were analyzed. Patients were exposed to a mean of 6.9 ± 3.6 individual continuous infusions administered through 3.8 ± 1.8 lumina. Among the 1447 coadministered continuous infusions, we detected 146 incompatible combinations (10%), resulting in 105 individually relevant incompatible situations. Furthermore, 185 combinations (13%) were not covered by internal compatibility charts, and for 207 combinations (15%) no data on compatibility were available. We found that 58% of the incompatible situations could have been avoided by a redistribution of the infusions among the available lumina.

CONCLUSIONS Most infusion combinations in the studied PICU/NICU were compatible and covered by the internal compatibility charts. However, we also identified concurrent administrations of incompatible infusions or for which compatibility data are not available. A significant reduction of coadministrations of incompatible infusions could be achieved through optimal use of available lumina.
Evaluation of the Treatment of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in Tracheostomy-Dependent Pediatric Patients
Authors: Tillman Emma M. , Firmani Sarah E. , Ackerman Veda L. , Slaven James E. , Cristea A. Ioana
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVE Tracheostomy-dependent pediatric patients will often have respiratory cultures positive for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (multidrug-resistant Gram-negative rod). There are limited data available to guide treatment in this population. The objective of this single-center, retrospective study was to evaluate if antibiotic treatment of S maltophilia improved clinical outcomes in tracheostomy-dependent pediatric patients.

METHODS We included tracheostomy-dependent pediatric patients who had a respiratory culture positive for S maltophilia. Patients were divided into 2 groups: 1) treatment and 2) no treatment.

RESULTS Forty patients with 55 encounters were included in this study. S maltophilia was treated with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim in 20 encounters (19 patients) and no antimicrobial treatment was given in 35 encounters (30 patients). The time to return to stable respiratory status was 5 days (0–10) (median [range]) in the treated group and 4 days (0–19) in the untreated group (p = 0.52). There was no statistically significant difference in time to baseline respiratory status between patients treated and those not treated for S maltophilia. There was no difference in hospital length of stay between patients who were or not treated.

CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, these data would suggest that there might not be a benefit to treating cultures positive for S maltophilia in tracheostomy-dependent pediatric patients.
FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION AND THE “MARGIN OF APPRECIATION” OR “MARGIN OF DISCRETION” DOCTRINE
Authors: Ghantous Marie
Published: November 2019

When an international court decides to keep certain information confidential and orders a ban of any publicity upon them, does it have to abide by the requirements of necessity and proportionality? These requirements have been established by the different human rights conventions and by the jurisprudence of the human rights courts, and human rights bodies. However, for the evaluation of the requirements of necessity and proportionality, states dispose of certain margin of appreciation. International criminal courts might invoke the margin of appreciation doctrine for the same reasons. This paper explores the doctrine of the margin of appreciation recognized to states while assessing a situation before curtailing freedom of expression. After exploring the margin of appreciation doctrine, its justification, the criticism that it faces and the scope of its application, it appeared that it is a well-established and well-accepted doctrine, despite its disadvantages. The relevant case law was then studied in an attempt to come up with a theory concerning its extension to international criminal courts. However, the studied literature or case law was inconclusive. There could be a legal gap in this field. In any case, it seems that international law offers no protection of individuals’ rights at this level in particular. The only recourse open is an appeal, but before the same court. It is clear that checks and balance procedures are not available in what concerns international criminal courts. If a state has a margin of discretion, at least we know that internal remedies and procedures are available, and that they hinder abuse attempts, which is not the case in international criminal courts. This is perhaps a weakness that makes peoples rather uncomfortable about international criminal justice despite the huge relief to see international crimes tried and punished.
Le « livre du peuple ». La relation éditeur-public dans la presse francophone d’Amérique du Nord durant la Rébellion de 1837-1838
Authors: Mauduit Julien
Published: November 2019

L’article étudie le pouvoir politique du public à travers son accès au journal, donc sa participation au débat public. En analysant les journaux francophones d’Amérique du Nord, il pose également un nouveau regard sur la Rébellion. Cette histoire des idées empirique soutient que le public francophone d’Amérique possédait une autonomie intellectuelle ainsi qu’un pouvoir d’intervention dans le débat public. Il démontre aussi que les journaux pro-révolutionnaires avaient une conception davantage démocratique des lecteurs. L’article insiste enfin sur l’importance d’étudier la circulation des idées dans l’opinion publique plutôt que la seule descente de celles-ci des éditeurs vers les lecteurs.
La importancia estratégica del diseño centrado en las personas
Authors: Membrives Judith
Published: November 2019

Los procesos de diseño centrado en las personas facilitan la innovación y la diferenciación en las soluciones que ofrecen las empresas. Por ese motivo, el diseño tiene un valor estratégico que debe ser tomado en cuenta en el momento de tomar decisiones.
Two element folded meander line MIMO antenna for Wireless applications
Authors: Chouhan Sanjay , Malviya Leeladhar
Published: November 2019

Compact antenna, appropriate gain, high efficiency, wide bandwidth, minimum envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), large total active reflection coefficient (TARC) bandwidth, and low specific absorption rate (SAR) are certain conditions set on the present/future generations of wireless communication antennas with the lowest cost of implementation. A compact low profile folded MIMO antenna has been designed using CST tool to cover application at 5.2 GHz. The reported folded MIMO antenna has bandwidth of 600 MHz (5.0-5.6 GHz) and has fractional bandwidth of 11.32 % along with the compact size of 37.5 × 17.0 mm2 . The reported MIMO antenna has ECC of < 10-2. The proposed folded MIMO antenna resonates at 5.2 GHz and has return loss of -44.0 dB. The inter-port isolation in antenna ports is > 11.50 dB in the defined frequency band. The response of TARC shows > 580 MHz of bandwidth with pair of excitation angles at antenna ports. The gain of antenna is > 3.0 dBi in the operating band. The reported radiating geometry makes the design very compact. To check the radiation effect on human body in different positions, the SAR is evaluated for indoor environment.
Chromatinization of Escherichia coli with archaeal histones
Authors: Rojec Maria , Hocher Antoine , Stevens Kathryn M , Merkenschlager Matthias , Warnecke Tobias
Published: November 2019

Nucleosomes restrict DNA accessibility throughout eukaryotic genomes, with repercussions for replication, transcription, and other DNA-templated processes. How this globally restrictive organization emerged during evolution remains poorly understood. Here, to better understand the challenges associated with establishing globally restrictive chromatin, we express histones in a naive system that has not evolved to deal with nucleosomal structures: Escherichia coli. We find that histone proteins from the archaeon Methanothermus fervidus assemble on the E. coli chromosome in vivo and protect DNA from micrococcal nuclease digestion, allowing us to map binding footprints genome-wide. We show that higher nucleosome occupancy at promoters is associated with lower transcript levels, consistent with local repressive effects. Surprisingly, however, this sudden enforced chromatinization has only mild repercussions for growth unless cells experience topological stress. Our results suggest that histones can become established as ubiquitous chromatin proteins without interfering critically with key DNA-templated processes.
Lateral orbitofrontal cortex promotes trial-by-trial learning of risky, but not spatial, biases
Authors: Constantinople Christine M , Piet Alex T , Bibawi Peter , Akrami Athena , Kopec Charles , Brody Carlos D
Published: November 2019

Individual choices are not made in isolation but are embedded in a series of past experiences, decisions, and outcomes. The effects of past experiences on choices, often called sequential biases, are ubiquitous in perceptual and value-based decision-making, but their neural substrates are unclear. We trained rats to choose between cued guaranteed and probabilistic rewards in a task in which outcomes on each trial were independent. Behavioral variability often reflected sequential effects, including increased willingness to take risks following risky wins, and spatial ‘win-stay/lose-shift’ biases. Recordings from lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC) revealed encoding of reward history and receipt, and optogenetic inhibition of lOFC eliminated rats’ increased preference for risk following risky wins, but spared other sequential effects. Our data show that different sequential biases are neurally dissociable, and the lOFC’s role in adaptive behavior promotes learning of more abstract biases (here, biases for the risky option), but not spatial ones.
Coping with Adversity
Authors: Wolman Harold , Wial Howard , St. Clair Travis , Hill Edward
Published: November 2019

The book analyses two different forms of economic adversity faced by urban regions – external shocks and chronic economic distress. It then examines whether and why some regions are resilient to these different forms of adversity while others are not. The study includes quantitative analyses of the experience of all metropolitan areas from 1978-2014, including a special analysis of the Great Recession. It also includes intensive case studies of six regions. The case studies focus on the problems faced by each of the regions and the public policies adopted to deal with these problems. Two chapters are then devoted to an in depth discussion of whether the most common policies and/or practices employed were likely to have been successful. The final chapter asks what we can expect of explicit economic development policies as contributors to resilience and what are the lessons for economic development policy makers and practitioners?
Remembering the Present
Authors: Cassaniti J. L.
Published: November 2019

Remembering the Present examines the contemporary meanings, practices, and purposes of mindfulness in the countries of Thailand, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar (Burma), which together make up a large part of what is known as the “Pali imaginaire” that spawned today’s global mindfulness movement. Drawing from the experiences of over 600 monks, psychiatrists, students, and villagers in the Buddhist monasteries, hospitals, markets, and homes in the region, Remembering the Present shows how an attention to memory informs how people live today, and how mindfulness, as understood through its Buddhist Pāli-language term of sati, is intimately tied to local constructions of time, affect, power, emotion, and selfhood. With a focus on lived experience and the practical matters of people for whom mindfulness is a central part of everyday life, the book offers an engaged ethnographic investigation of what it means to ‘remember the present’ in the meditative practices, interpersonal worlds, and psychiatric hospitals for people in a region strongly influenced by Buddhist thought. The book will speak to an increasingly global network of psychological scientists, anthropologists, Buddhist studies scholars, and religious practitioners interested in contemporary Buddhist thought and the cultural phenomenology of religious experience.
The Military Enlightenment
Authors: Pichichero Christy
Published: November 2019

The Military Enlightenment: War and Culture in the French Empire from Louis XIV to Napoleon, tells a new story of enlightenment happening in what seems the least likely of spaces: those of war, martial culture, and the French armed forces on the continent and in the colonies. Based on extensive archival research on military sources in combination with analyses of canonical texts by Rousseau, Voltaire, Guibert and others, The Military Enlightenment shows how French monarchs, royal mistresses, government ministers, military officers, and medical personnel participated in advancing ideas of human and political rights, military psychology, war trauma, and social justice in terms of race, class, and gender. The book constitutes an essential and missing link in scholarship on the long eighteenth century since the military was one of the few institutions of the Old Regime to transform progressive theories into practice. The book elucidates the genesis and unfolding of the Military Enlightenment in terms of people, places, and processes in France, the French Atlantic, and French India. Analyses examine discourses through which military thinkers apprehended and realized the Military Enlightenment from Louis XIV to Napoleon through to modern times: l’esprit philosophique, sociability, sensibility and humanity, and a militaristic and socially democratized patriotic and heroic imaginary.
Brutality in an Age of Human Rights
Authors: Drohan Brian
Published: November 2019

This study seeks to bring international histories of human rights into closer dialogue with military histories of insurgent movements and counterinsurgency warfare. Both military historians and historians of human rights have largely ignored the role of rights activists in shaping wartime policies and practices. This book examines the effects of human rights activism during British counterinsurgency campaigns in Cyprus (1955-1959), Aden (1963-1967), and Northern Ireland (emphasizing 1969-1976). The book argues that in response to human rights activism, British officials developed new ways of covering up their abuses by denying allegations, deflecting criticism, and evading attempts to enforce accountability. Consequently, activists’ efforts and government responses to them linked the metaphorical battlefield of law, diplomacy, propaganda, and public opinion with the physical battlefield of ambushes, house searches, arrests, and interrogations. Focusing the analytical lens on activists and the officials with whom they interacted places human rights activists on the counterinsurgency “battlefield”—not as traditional arms-bearing combatants, but as actors who nonetheless influenced counterinsurgency policies and practices.