bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forward current transport and noise behavior of GaN Schottky diodes
Authors: Yan Da-Wei , Tian Kui-Kui , Yan Xiao-Hong , Li Wei-Ran , Yu Dao-Xin , Li Jin-Xiao , Cao Yan-Rong , Gu Xiao-Feng ,   Engineering Research Center of Internet of Things Technology Applications (Ministry of Education), Department of Electronic Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China,   Beijing Smart-Chip Microelectronics Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing Engineering Research Center of High-reliability IC with Power Industrial Grade, Beijing 102200, China,   State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band-gap Semiconductor Techonology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
Published: December 2020

In this work, we first measure the forward temperature-dependent current-voltage (T-I-V) characteristics of the GaN-based Schottky diodes grown on the bulk GaN substrates, and then study the transport mechanisms of the forward current and the low-frequency current noise behaviors under various injection levels. The results are obtained below. 1) In a forward high-bias region the thermionic emission current dominates, and the extracted barrier height is about 1.25 eV at T = 300 K, which is close to the value measured by capacitance-voltage sweeping. 2) In a forward low-bias region (V < 0.8 V) the current is governed by the trap assist tunneling process, having an ideality factor much larger than 1, and the derived barrier height is about 0.92 eV at T = 300 K, which indicates that the conductive dislocation should be mainly responsible for the excessive leakage current, having a reduced barrier around the core of dislocations. 3) The Lorentzian noise appears only at very small current (I < 1 μA) and low frequency (f < 10 Hz), whose typical time constant is extracted to be about 30 ms, depending on the multiple capture and release process of electrons via defects. 4) At a higher frequency and current, the low-frequency 1/f noise becomes important and the corresponding coefficient is determined to be about 1.1, where the transport is affected by the random fluctuation of the Schottky barrier height.
Numerical Solution of a Fractional Model for HIV Infection of CD4+T Cells via Legendre Multiwavelet Functions
Authors:   Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran, Sokhanvar Ensiyeh , Askari Hemmat Ataollah ,   Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we introduce a Galerkin method based on Legendre multiwavelet functions to obtain approximate solutions of a fractional model for HIV infection of CD4+T cells corresponding to a class of systems of nonlinear fractional differential equations. The method converts the model problem into a system of nonlinear algebraic equations. A numerical example is included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the technique and the results are compared with those obtained by existing methods.
Recruitment Curves during Different Types of Muscle Activity in Non-dominant Hand: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study
Authors:   Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 105, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria, Mancheva Kapka , Vukova Teodora ,   Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 105, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria, Atanasov Georgi ,   Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 25, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria, Kossev Andon ,   Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 105, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
Published: December 2020

Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from first dorsal interosseous muscle of non-dominant hand in response to contralateral transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in seven right-handed healthy volunteers during relaxed muscles (without electromyorgaphic activity and zero force production), isometric index finger abduction (20% of individual measured maximum voluntary contraction in direction of abduction) and co-activation of antagonist muscles (simultaneously activated antagonist muscles, matching level equal to 20% of individual measured maximum voluntary contraction in direction of abduction by increasing the angle stiffness without producing of external force). The excitability of motor cortex was assessed by the amplitudes of MEPs recorded in response to increasing stimulation intensity: 100%, 110%, 120%, 130%, 140% of individually measured motor threshold at relax. The aim of the present study was using the method of transcranial magnetic stimulation to investigate the effect of different types of muscle activity in non-dominant hand. The secondary purpose was to compare new collected data with our previous data about dominant hand. At non-dominant hand we found significant changes between relax condition and each of the two active motor tasks almost at all five investigated TMS intensities. Also, we found that MEP amplitudes during abduction were significantly bigger than MEP amplitudes during co-activation of antagonist muscles, both in non-dominant hand and in dominant hand. We observed changes between MEP amplitudes of non-dominant and dominant hand during the performance of the same motor task.
Design for Relations
Authors: Stamatopoulou Athina
Published: December 2020

The city, composed of heterogeneous relations, is an open complex system, beyond its physicality. Questioning analysis and design, a work-in-progress methodology of a generative mapping negotiating different kinds of design logics is presented. The methodology is composed of (1) data gathering; (2) investigating relations among data; and (3) testing with two cases elicited from Athens Center public space. The focus is on how such a relational-thinking methodology cultivates design logics through design­ing by analyzing; designing by defining frame(s); designing the program; designing as an interventional strategy in/through interdependencies; designing by intervening with territorial forces; and employing intra-parametric strategies. By enforcing emergence and management of complexities in diverse fields of potential application, the methodology negotiates the limits and the ways of design.

 

 

Keywords:

Systemic urban design, relational design, relational territorialities, relationally generated complexity; design methodology; open method; diagrammatic mapping
Integrative Systems of Production
Authors: Snow Tom
Published: December 2020

Different branches of design are shifting from a primary focus on artefacts as ends to concentrating on means (e.g. forms of production), with ends encompassing larger societal goals. Concurrently, humanity is facing an increasingly carbon-and-freshwater-constrained world, combined with escalating realities of climate change and ecosystem degradation; thus, our means of production must evolve. An integrative framework and model has been developed to support designers (and other stakeholders) working on regenerative systems of production. The model integrates synergistic, circular, cascading and aggregate efficiency design systems based on ecosystem concepts, as well as regenerative agriculture, the bioeconomy and the (technical) circular economy. With this integrative approach, stakeholders may develop more productive, regenerative synergies and hybrid activities that produce zero waste. The model can be applied at the micro-, meso- and macro-scales.

 

Keywords: Systemic design, ecological design, biomimetics, circular economy, regenerative agriculture.
Optimal voluntary and mandatory insect repellent usage and emigration strategies to control the chikungunya outbreak on Reunion Island
Authors: Klein Sylvia R.M. , Foster Alex O. , Feagins David A. , Rowell Jonathan T. , Erovenko Igor V.
Published: December 2020

In 2005, a chikungunya virus outbreak devastated the tropical island of Reunion, infecting a third of the total population. Motivated by the Reunion Island case study, we investigate the theoretic potential for two intervention measures under both voluntary and mandatory protocols to control a vector-borne disease when there is risk of the disease becoming endemic. The first measure uses insect repellent to prevent mosquito bites, while the second involves emigrating to the neighboring Mauritius Island to avoid infection. There is a threshold on the cost of using repellent above which both voluntary and mandatory regimes find it optimal to forgo usage. Below that threshold, mandatory usage protocols will eradicate the disease; however, voluntary adoption leaves the disease at a small endemic level. Emigrating from the island to avoid infection results in a tragedy-of-the-commons effect: while being potentially beneficial to specific susceptible individuals, the remaining islanders paradoxically face a higher risk of infection. Mandated relocation of susceptible individuals away from the epidemic is viable only if the cost of this relocation is several magnitudes lower than the cost of infection. Since this assumption is unlikely to hold for chikungunya, it is optimal to discourage such emigration for the benefit of the entire population. An underlying assumption about the conservation of human-vector encounter rates in mosquito biting behavior informs our conclusions and may warrant additional experimental verification.
Distribution and species diversity of the floating green macroalgae and micro-propagules in the Subei Shoal, southwestern Yellow Sea
Authors: Miao Xiaoxiang , Xiao Jie , Xu Qinzeng , Fan Shiliang , Wang Zongling , Wang Xiao , Zhang Xuelei
Published: December 2020

Massive floating green macroalgae have formed harmful green tides in the Yellow Sea since 2007. To study the early development and the associated environmental factors for the green tide, a field survey was carried out in the Subei Shoal, southwestern Yellow Sea. Multiple species were identified in both floating green macroalgae and micro-propagules , while their abundances showed distinct spatial variations. The floating macroalgal biomass was widespread in the northern Subei Shoal and most abundant at 34°N. Ulva prolifera dominated (91.2% in average) the floating macroalgae, and the majority (88.5%) of U. prolifera was the ‘floating type’. In comparison, the micro-propagules were most abundant around the aquaculture rafts, and decreased significantly with the distance to the rafts. The dominant species of micro-propagules was U. linza (48.5%), followed by U. prolifera (35.1%). Their distinct distribution patterns and species diversity suggested little direct contribution of micro-propagules for the floating macroalgae. The spatial variation of the floating macroalgae was probably a combined result from the biomass source and environmental factors, while the abundance of micro-propagules was closely associated with the rafts. A positive correlation between the floating macroalgae and DO was observed and suggested active photosynthesis of the initial biomass in Subei Shoal. This study revealed specific distributional pattern and relationships among the floating macroalgae, micro-propagules and the environmental factors in the source region, which helps understanding the early blooming dynamics of the green tides in Yellow Sea.
Rare Presentation and Successful Management of Cerebral Sinus Venous Thrombosis in a Patient with Sickle Cell Trait
Authors: Khan Khalid , Chaturvedi Anuj
Published: December 2020

Cerebral Venous Thrombosis (CVT) is an uncommon cause of stroke and is generally present with headache. It is very difficult to diagnose it in initial stage due to its widely varying clinical features, risk factors, radiological findings and outcomes. Early diagnosis of CVT and its treatment can reduce the disease progress, its burden and risk of acute and long-term complications including mortality. A 23-year-old male patient was admitted from casualty department with complaints of severe generalised headache and photophobia since one week and four episodes of Generalised Tonic Clonic Seizures (GTCS) with post-ictal confusion and drowsiness since two days. All investigations were insignificant for the cause except that he was a sickle cell trait (AS pattern), that lead to CVT related headache and convulsion. He was treated with hydration in the form of intravenous fluids, warfarin, mannitol and syrup glycerol, Tab. Sodium bicarbonate and Tab. Hydroxyurea.
Outcomes with different administration schedules of bortezomib in bortezomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone (VRd) as first‐line therapy in multiple myeloma
Authors: Cook Joselle , Johnson Isla , Higgins Alexandra , Sidana Surbhi , Warsame Rahma , Gonsalves Wilson , Gertz Morie A. , Buadi Francis , Lacy Martha , Kapoor Prashant , Dispenzieri Angela , Kourelis Taxiarchis , Dingli David , Fonder Amie , Hayman Suzanne , Hobbs Miriam , Hwa Yi Lisa , Kyle Robert , Leung Nelson , Go Ronald , Rajkumar Vincent S. , Kumar Shaji
Published: December 2020

Induction therapy for multiple myeloma with bortezomib (Velcade), lenalidomide (Revlimid), and dexamethasone (d) (VRd) was traditionally administered as bortezomib given twice weekly on a 3 week cycle. A modified schedule of weekly bortezomib has been adopted over time to decrease treatment burden for patients and reduce treatment‐emergent neuropathy. This study evaluates the response rates and outcomes with different schedules of bortezomib in VRd administered for first‐line treatment for patients with newly diagnosed MM (NDMM). We retrospectively analyzed patients treated with upfront VRd from June 30th 2008 to December 31st 2018, for variations of bortezomib administration. Five hundred and fifty‐five (555) NDMM patients met inclusion criteria; median age 63 years and 61% men. Bortezomib was administered twice weekly every 21 days in 43%, once weekly every 21 days in 41% and once weekly every 28 days in 16%. Though peripheral sensory neuropathy was more frequent with twice weekly dosing (P = .002), this group achieved shorter time to best response (P = .01). Weekly every 21‐day treatment saw higher VGPR or better rates (P = .02). However, with median follow up time of 37 months (IQR 22–56), we found no difference in PFS or OS among the groups. While small differences in response rates were found among the varying administration schedules of bortezomib administration, there was no significant effect on PFS or OS. Given that VRd remains a first line standard of care option for newly diagnosed MM, in the absence of a large trial comparing bortezomib dosing schedule modifications, these results are helpful in supporting current practices of once weekly administration.
Serotonin‐release assay‐positive but platelet factor 4‐dependent enzyme‐immunoassay negative: HIT or not HIT?
Authors: Warkentin Theodore E. , Smythe Maureen A. , Ali Mona A. , Aslam Naveed , Sheppard Jo‐Ann I. , Smith James W. , Moore Jane C. , Arnold Donald M. , Nazy Ishac
Published: December 2020

IgG‐specific and polyspecific PF4‐dependent enzyme‐immunoassays (EIAs) have exceptionally high sensitivity (≥99%) for diagnosis of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), a drug reaction caused by platelet‐activating antibodies detectable by serotonin‐release assay (SRA). The IgG‐specific EIAs are recommended for screening, as their high sensitivity is accompanied by relatively high specificity vis‐à‐vis polyspecific EIAs. We investigated the frequency of SRA‐positive/EIA‐negative (SRA+/EIA−) HIT, prompted by referral to our reference HIT laboratory of serial blood samples from a patient (“index case”) with false‐negative IgG‐specific EIAs. Despite initial clinical suspicion for HIT, repeat negative IgG‐specific EIAs prompted heparin resumption, which triggered recurrent thrombocytopenia and near‐fatal cardiac arrest, indicating likely post‐heparin HIT‐associated anaphylactoid reaction. Further investigations revealed a strong‐positive SRA, whether performed with heparin alone, PF4 alone, or PF4/heparin, with inhibition by Fc receptor‐blocking monoclonal antibody (indicating IgG‐mediated platelet activation); however, five different IgG‐specific immunoassays yielded primarily negative (or weak‐positive) results. To investigate the frequency of SRA+/EIA− HIT, we reviewed the laboratory and clinical features of patients with this serological profile during a 6‐year period in which our reference laboratory investigated for HIT using both SRA and IgG‐specific EIA. Although ~0.2% of 8546 patients had an SRA+/EIA− profile, further review of 15 such cases indicated clerical/laboratory misclassification or false‐positive SRA in all, with no SRA+/EIA− HIT case identified. We conclude that while SRA+/EIA− HIT is possible—as shown by our index case—this clinical picture is exceptionally uncommon. Moreover, the requirement for a positive EIA is a useful quality control maneuver that reduces risk of reporting a false‐positive SRA result.
Electron beam irradiation modified electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride/polyacrylonitrile fibrous separators for safe lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Jia Shaojin , Huang Kaili , Long Jiating , Yang Shaohua , Liang Yuhao , Yang Na , Xiao Jun
Published: December 2020

This work aims to obtain more hydrophilic and thermal stable electrospun fibrous membranes for lithium‐ion battery separators. For this purpose, the polyvinylidene fluoride/polyacrylonitrile (PVDF/PAN) separators are fabricated via electrospinning and modified by an electron beam with different doses. These preparation processes are simple, fast, and environmentally friendly. As the same time, the physical and electrochemical properties of these separators are investigated in detail. The results indicated that all the irradiated PVDF/PAN (the mass ratio of PVDF and PAN is 1:1) separators can maintain a complete structure till 170°C due to their cross‐linking structure. Besides, the 150‐kGy‐irradiated PVDF/PAN separator exhibits high porosity (82%), excellent electrolyte absorption (497%), and high ionic conductivity (3.19 mS cm−1). As a consequence, the cells with 150‐kGy‐irradiated PVDF/PAN separators show better the C‐rate performance and cycling stability than those of the cells with polypropylene separators and nonirradiated PVDF/PAN separators.
Newly diagnosed seizures assessed at two established first seizure clinics: Clinic characteristics, investigations, and findings over 11 years
Authors: McIntosh Anne M. , Tan K. Meng , Hakami Tahir M. , Newton Mark R. , Carney Patrick W. , Yang Mengjiazhi , Saya Sibel , Marco David J. T. , Perucca Piero , Kwan Patrick , O’Brien Terence J. , Berkovic Samuel F.
Published: December 2020

Objective

‘First seizure’ clinics (FSCs) aim to achieve early expert assessment for individuals with possible new‐onset epilepsy. These clinics also have substantial potential for research into epilepsy evolution, outcomes, and costs. However, a paucity of FSCs details has implications for interpretation and utilization of this research.

Methods

We reviewed investigation findings over 11 years (2000‐2010) from two established independent FSCs at Austin Health (AH) and Royal Melbourne Hospital (RMH), Australia. These adult clinics are in major public hospitals and operate with similar levels of expertise. Organizational differences include screening and dedicated administration at AH. Included were N = 1555 patients diagnosed with new‐onset unprovoked seizures/epilepsy (AH n = 901, RMH n = 654). Protocol‐driven interviews and investigations had been recorded prospectively and were extracted from medical records for study.

Results

Median patient age was 37 (IQR 26‐52, range 18‐94) years (AH 34 vs RMH 42 years; P < .001). Eighty‐six percent of patients attended FSC within three weeks postindex seizure (median AH 12 vs RMH 25 days; P < .01). By their first appointment, 42% had experienced ≥2 seizures. An EEG was obtained within three weeks postindex seizure in 73% of patients, demonstrating epileptiform discharges in 25% (AH 33% vs RMH 15%). Seventy‐six percent of patients had an MRI within 6 weeks. Of those with imaging (n = 1500), 19% had potentially epileptogenic abnormalities (RMH 28% vs AH 12%; P < .01). At both sites, changes due to previous stroke/hemorrhage were the commonest lesions, followed by traumatic brain injury. ≥WHO level 1 brain tumors diagnosed at presentation comprised a very small proportion (<1%) at each clinic. At both sites, epilepsy type could be determined in 60% of patients; RMH had more focal and AH more generalized epilepsy diagnoses.

Significance

Differences between the clinics’ administrative and screening practices may contribute to differences in investigation findings. Insight into these differences will facilitate interpretation and utilization, and planning of future research.
Computational prediction on the catalytic activity of heterobimetallic complex featuring MMˊ triple bond in acetylene cyclotrimerization: Mechanistic study
Authors: Zhang Na , Mi Jinhui , Huo Suhong , Meng Lingpeng , Li Xiaoyan
Published: December 2020

A detailed reaction mechanism of acetylene cyclotrimerization catalyzed by V(iPrNPMe2)3Fe‐PMe3(denote as CAT), a heterobimetallic complex featuring V‐Fe triple bond, was computationally investigated using density functional theory. The calculated results show that the first acetylene firstly attaches to the V atom of CAT to get a four‐membered ring structure through [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. For the second acetylene addition, there are two cyclotrimerization mechanisms, outer sphere mechanism and inner mechanism. The inner sphere reaction pathway is the main reaction pathway. By replacing the V with Nb and Ta, Fe with Ru and Os, a series of new catalysts are screened computationally. The calculated results show that, all of the nine heterobimetallic complexes show high activity at mild condition. The energy barrier of the rate determining step is related to the natural population analysis (NPA) charge of Mˊ and the Wiberg bond index (WBI) of M‐Mˊ bond. The more negative NPA charge of Mˊ and the smaller WBI of M‐Mˊ bond, the lower energy barrier is.
Investigation of the Arctic Sea ice volume from 2002 to 2018 using multi‐source data
Authors: Li Mengmeng , Ke Chang‐Qing , Shen Xiaoyi , Cheng Bin , Li Haili
Published: December 2020

The Arctic sea ice volume (SIV) was investigated by applying sea ice concentration (SIC) and multi‐source sea ice thickness (SIT) products from the Pan‐Arctic Ice‐Ocean Modelling and Assimilation System (PIOMAS), Envisat and CryoSat‐2 (CS‐2) products. The SIV was estimated during the sea ice growth season (October–April) from October 2002 to December 2018. During the Envisat period (October 2002–April 2010), negative SIV trends were estimated by a hybrid Envisat and PIOMAS SIT dataset (defined as Envi‐PIO); the declining trends for both the maximum/minimum SIV were 360 and 177 km3⋅year−1, respectively; similar SIV trends were obtained by applying only the PIOMAS SIT data. During the CS‐2 period (October 2010–December 2018), no clear trends in the SIV were estimated by either CS‐2 or PIOMAS, except for clear increases in the SIV in northern Greenland and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) using the CS‐2 SIT data. The age of sea ice plays an important role in SIV variability. For example, the SIV trend was found to be similar to the multi‐year ice trend between 2003 and 2007. The correlation coefficients between the monthly mean SIV and surface air temperature (SAT) and sea surface temperature (SST) were −0.60 and −0.82, respectively. The decreasing trend in the SIV during the Envisat period was influenced by the increase in the annual maximum SST and minimum SAT. The significant increase in the SIV in northern Greenland and the CAA during the CS‐2 period was related to ice deformation.
Temperature and Photo Dual‐Stimuli Responsive Block Copolymer Self‐Assembly Micelles for Cellular Controlled Drug Release
Authors: Zhou Zi‐Hao , Zhang Jian‐Guo , Chen Qing , Luo Yan‐Ling , Xu Feng , Chen Ya‐Shao
Published: December 2020

To well adapt to the complicated physiological environments, it is necessary to engineer dual‐ and/or multi‐stimuli responsive drug carriers for more effective drug release. For this, a novel temperature responsive lateral chain photosensitive block copolymer, poly[(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) ‐block‐propyleneacylalkyl‐4‐azobenzoate] (P(NIPAM‐co‐DMAA)‐b‐PAzoHPA), is synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization. The structure is characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry and laser light scattering gel chromatography system. The self‐assembly behavior, morphology, and sizes of micelles are investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope, and laser particle analyzer. Dual responsiveness to light and temperature is explored by ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy. The results show that the copolymer micelles take on apparent light and temperature dual responsiveness, and its lower critical solution temperature (LCST) is above 37 °C, and changes with the trans‐/cis‐ isomerization of azobenzene structure under UV irradiation. The blank copolymers are nontoxic, whereas the paclitaxel (PTX)‐loaded counterparts possessed comparable anticancer activities to free PTX, with entrapment efficiency of 83.7%. The PTX release from the PTX‐loaded micelles can be mediated by changing temperature and/or light stimuli. The developed block copolymers can potentially be used for cancer therapy as drug controlled release carriers.
Operational statistical postprocessing of temperature ensemble forecasts with station‐specific predictors
Authors: Ylinen Kaisa , Räty Olle , Laine Marko
Published: December 2020

A proper account for forecast uncertainty is crucial in operational weather services and weather‐related decision‐making. Ensemble forecasts provide such information. However, they may be biased and tend to be under‐dispersive. Therefore, ensemble forecasts need to be post‐processed before using them in operational weather products. The present study post‐processes the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ensemble prediction system temperature forecasts over Europe with lead times up to 240 hr using the statistical calibration method that is currently implemented in operational workflow at the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI). The calibration coefficients are estimated simultaneously for all stations using a 30 day rolling training period. Station‐specific characteristic are accounted for by using elevation, latitude and land–sea mask as additional predictors in the calibration. On average the calibration improved the ensemble spread over Europe, although the improvements varied between different verification months. In March, the calibration improved ensemble forecasts the most, while in January the performance depended strongly on location. A comparison between three versions with different sets of station‐specific predictors in calibration showed that elevation was the most important predictor, while latitude and land–sea mask improved the forecasts mostly with shorter lead times. The calibration for the Finnish stations was also tested using three different size training domains in order to find the optimal training area. The results showed that smaller training domains had a significant effect on calibration performance only at lead times up to a few days. With longer lead times, the calibrated forecasts were better when all available stations were included.
Saving cognitive outcome data in Alzheimer's disease clinical trials during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Commentary on the virtual administration of the ADAS‐Cog
Authors: Schwab Nadine A. , DesRuisseaux Libby A. , Weinberg Marc S. , Arnold Steven E.
Published: December 2020

Elderly participants in Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials are at high risk of morbidity and mortality with interpersonal exposure to COVID‐19, a situation that is likely to continue for the foreseeable future. Yet, in‐person neuropsychological assessments remain the mainstay primary outcomes for clinical trials seeking prevention and cure for AD. The Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale‐Cognitive (ADAS‐Cog) is among the most commonly used cognitive assessment in AD clinical trials, and though currently lacking specific guidelines for virtual administrations, it can be used remotely with appropriate modifications and considerations. Here we propose a novel method of virtual administration of the ADAS‐Cog, which considers workarounds for technological and human limitations imposed when the participant is no longer sitting across from the test administrator.
BCJ, worldsheet quantum algebra and KZ equations
Authors: Fu Chih-Hao , Wang Yihong
Published: December 2020

Abstract

We exploit the correspondence between twisted homology and quantum group to construct an algebra explanation of the open string kinematic numerator. In this setting the representation depends on string modes, and therefore the cohomology content of the numerator, as well as the location of the punctures. We show that quantum group root system thus identified helps determine the Casimir appears in the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov connection, which can be used to relate representations associated with different puncture locations.
Hydrodynamics of simply spinning black holes & hydrodynamics for spinning quantum fluids
Authors: Garbiso Markus , Kaminski Matthias
Published: December 2020

Abstract

We find hydrodynamic behavior in large simply spinning five-dimensional Anti-de Sitter black holes. These are dual to spinning quantum fluids through the AdS/CFT correspondence constructed from string theory. Due to the spatial anisotropy introduced by the angular momentum, hydrodynamic transport coefficients are split into groups longitudinal or transverse to the angular momentum, and aligned or anti-aligned with it. Analytic expressions are provided for the two shear viscosities, the longitudinal momentum diffusion coefficient, two speeds of sound, and two sound attenuation coefficients. Known relations between these coefficients are generalized to include dependence on angular momentum. The shear viscosity to entropy density ratio varies between zero and 1/(4π) depending on the direction of the shear. These results can be applied to heavy ion collisions, in which the most vortical fluid was reported recently. In passing, we show that large simply spinning five-dimensional Myers-Perry black holes are perturbatively stable for all angular momenta below extremality.
The impact of flavour data on global fits of the MFV SMEFT
Authors: Aoude Rafael , Hurth Tobias , Renner Sophie , Shepherd William
Published: December 2020

Abstract

We investigate the information that can be gained by including flavour data in fits of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) with the assumption of Minimal Flavour Violation (MFV), allowing — as initial conditions at the high scale — leading terms in spurionic Yukawas only. Starting therefore from a theory with no tree level flavour changing neutral currents at the scale of new physics, we calculate effects in flavour changing processes at one loop, and the resulting constraints on linear combinations of SMEFT coefficients, consistently parameterising the electroweak parameters and the CKM within the SMEFT. By doing a global fit including electroweak, Higgs and low energy precision measurements among others, we show that flavour observables put strong constraints on previously unconstrained operator directions. The addition of flavour data produces four independent constraints at order TeV or above on otherwise flat directions; reducing to three when complete U(3)5 flavour symmetry is assumed. Our findings demonstrate that flavour remains a stringent test for models of new physics, even in the most flavourless scenario.
Correction to: Efficient analysis of welding thermal conduction using the Newton–Raphson method, implicit method, and their combination
Authors: Feng Zhongyuan , Ma Ninshu , Li Wangnan , Narasaki Kunio , Lu Fenggui
Published: December 2020

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-06437-w
Reproducibility of tumor budding assessment in pancreatic cancer based on a multicenter interobserver study
Authors: Karamitopoulou Eva , Esposito Irene , Zlobec Inti , Insilla Andrea Cacciato , Wartenberg Martin , Schaeffer David F. , Kalloger Steve , La Rosa Stefano , Sempoux Christine , Ramos Centeno Irene , Lohneis Philipp
Published: December 2020

Tumor budding has been reported to be an independent prognostic factor in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Its use in daily diagnostics would improve the prognostic stratification of patients. We performed a multicenter interobserver study to test various budding assessment methods for their reproducibility. Two serial sections of 50 resected, treatment-naïve PDACs were stained for Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and pancytokeratin. Tumor budding was scored by independent observers at five participating centers in Switzerland, Germany, and Canada. Pathologists assessed tumor budding on a digital platform comparing H&E with pancytokeratin staining in 10 high-power fields (10HPF) and one HPF hotspot (1HPF). Additionally, tumor budding was assessed in one H&E hotspot at × 20 magnification, as suggested by the International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference (ITBCC). Correlation coefficients for bud counts between centers ranged from r = 0.58648 to r = 0.78641 for H&E and from r = 0.69288 to r = 0.81764 for pancytokeratin. The highest interobserver agreement across all centers was observed for pancytokeratin 10HPFs (ICC = 0.6). ICC values were 0.49, 0.48, 0.41, and 0.4 for H&E in 1HPF hotspot, H&E in 10HPFs, pancytokeratin in 1HPF, and H&E in one hotspot at ×20, respectively (ITBCC method). This interobserver study reveals a range between moderately poor to moderate agreement levels between pathologists for the different tumor budding assessment methods in PDAC. Acceptable levels of agreement were reached with the pancytokeratin 10HPF method, which can thus be recommended for the assessment of tumor budding in PDAC resection specimens. To improve the levels of interobserver agreement, the implementation of machine learning applications should be considered.
Rethinking creative intelligence: comparative psychology and the concept of creativity
Authors: Shevlin Henry
Published: December 2020

The concept of creativity is a central one in folk psychological explanation and has long been prominent in philosophical debates about the nature of art, genius, and the imagination. The scientific investigation of creativity in humans is also well established, and there has been increasing interest in the question of whether the concept can be rigorously applied to non-human animals. In this paper, I argue that such applications face serious challenges of both a conceptual and methodological character, reflecting deep controversies within both philosophy and psychology concerning how to define and apply the concept of creativity. After providing a brief review of some of the leading theories of creativity (Section 2) and discussing some of the strongest putative cases of creative intelligence in non-human animals (Section 3), I examine some of the more worrisome difficulties faced by attempts to use these theories to answer the question of whether animals are truly creative (Section 4). I conclude by examining how we might overcome them, and suggest that one approach worth taking seriously is to adopt what I term aStrong Rejectionistview of creativity, eschewing use of the term entirely in the scientific study of comparative cognition.
Using Geodesign as a boundary management process for planning nature-based solutions in river landscapes
Authors: Gottwald Sarah , Brenner Jana , Janssen Ron , Albert Christian
Published: December 2020

Planning with nature-based solutions (NBS) presents a participatory approach that harnesses actions supported by nature to address societal challenges. Whilst Geodesign may facilitate participatory planning, manage boundaries between participants, and assess impacts of NBS, empirical insights remain scarce. This paper aims to develop and test a Geodesign process for planning with NBS, and to evaluate its contributions to boundary management. In a one-day Geodesign process, eleven stakeholders delineated priority areas, changed land uses, and observed resulting impacts on ecosystem services. Contributions to boundary management were evaluated regarding translation, communication and mediation functions, as well as perceived attributions of credibility, salience, and legitimacy. Results include spatial NBS scenarios and insights into contributions to boundary management: translating scenario stories into maps differed depending on the stakeholders involved; communication can be easily facilitated; yet mediation using an indicator tool led to frustration. Geodesign can indeed facilitate NBS co-design but needs to be integrated into a larger collaborative process.
Optimization for Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
Authors: Vassiliadis Vassilios S. , del Rio Chanona Ehecatl Antonio , Yuan Ye , Kähm Walter
Published: December 2020

Discover the subject of optimization in a new light with this modern and unique treatment. Includes a thorough exposition of applications and algorithms in sufficient detail for practical use, while providing you with all the necessary background in a self-contained manner. Features a deeper consideration of optimal control, global optimization, optimization under uncertainty, multiobjective optimization, mixed-integer programming and model predictive control. Presents a complete coverage of formulations and instances in modelling where optimization can be applied for quantitative decision-making. As a thorough grounding to the subject, covering everything from basic to advanced concepts and addressing real-life problems faced by modern industry, this is a perfect tool for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in chemical and biochemical engineering.
Understanding familial liability for emotion regulation difficulties in bipolar disorder
Authors: Van Rheenen Tamsyn E. , Miskowiak Kamilla , Karantonis James , Furlong Lisa S. , Murray Greg , Rossell Susan L.
Published: December 2020

Background

There has been relatively limited work focused on understanding whether relatives of individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) have difficulties in the regulation of emotion, particularly in relation to perceptions about whether emotions can be effectively regulated, or trait behaviours that acknowledge emotions as self-regulators themselves. In this study, we assessed the presence and extent of difficulties in these dimensions of emotion regulation in individuals with BD compared to unaffected first-degree biological relatives (FDR) for the first time.

Methods

In total, 161 participants, including euthymic individuals with BD, unaffected FDRs, and healthy controls, were compared on the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) – a multi-dimensional measure of habitual emotion regulation. Clinical data were also collected and examined in relation to DERS scores in a secondary analysis.

Results

In the BD group, difficulties were evident for most dimensions of emotion regulation as measured by the DERS; and correlated with an earlier onset of illness and more mood episodes. FDRs displayed generally normal emotion regulation, except in terms of their beliefs that emotions can be effectively regulated; on this dimension, their reported difficulty was intermediate to the BD group and controls.

Conclusion

Habitual emotion regulation difficulties in BD persist irrespective of mood state, are related to the course of illness, and should be targeted in psychological interventions. Further, the perception that emotions cannot be effectively regulated during times of distress seems to represent an endophenotype for BD.
Lysimache and Lysistrata
Authors: Thonemann Peter
Published: December 2020

It has long been suspected that the eponymous heroine of Aristophanes’ Lysistrata was intended to evoke the historical Lysimache, priestess of Athena Polias at the time of the play’s first production. But the reasons for this (partial) identification have been relatively little discussed. This paper argues that the Lysistrata engages more closely than has traditionally been assumed with urgent political issues at Athens in late 412 and early 411 BC, in particular with the decision in summer 412 BC to broach the ‘Iron Reserve’ of 1,000 talents set aside at the beginning of the Peloponnesian War (Thuc. 8.15.1). A possible intervention of the historical Lysimache in the controversy over the appropriate use of the ‘Iron Reserve’ would help account for various otherwise surprising features of the Lysistrata.
Authentic learning in senior secondary music pedagogy: an examination of teaching practice in high-achieving school music programmes
Authors: White Rachel
Published: December 2020

Authentic learning approaches are designed to immerse students in contexts that promote real-life applications of knowledge, and provide meaningful learning experiences beyond the abstract instruction of the classroom. In a grounded theory study of music teaching practice in high-achieving schools, 50 teachers from 23 schools across New South Wales (NSW), Australia, were asked to describe how they taught their senior secondary students and the musical environment they curated within their school. Through examination of the interview data, authentic learning exposed itself as uniquely situated in classroom music teaching of high-achieving music programmes for senior secondary students in NSW. This is shown through the use of thorough inquiry-based and student-centred learning tasks like video journals, the use of professional resources and expertise and collaborative learning in authentic contexts, in and outside of the classroom.
Shrub canopy interception of diaspores dispersed by wind
Authors: Qin Xuanping , Liu Zhimin , Liu Minghu , Liang Wei , Baskin Carol C. , Baskin Jerry M. , Xin Zhiming , Li Xinle , Wang Zhigang , Zhou Quanlai , Luo Fengmin , Gao Junliang , Naren Gerile
Published: December 2020

Interception by plant canopies during wind dispersal can affect the final destination of diaspores. However, how the interaction of wind speed, canopy type and diaspore attributes affects interception of diaspores by the plant canopy has rarely been studied. We investigated canopy interception for 29 species with different diaspore attributes, six canopy types and six wind speeds in controlled experiments in a wind tunnel. Shrub canopy interception of diaspores were controlled by wind speed and diaspore attributes, but the latter had a greater influence on canopy interception than the former. At low wind speed, diaspore wing loading had a large influence on canopy interception, whereas at high wind speed, diaspore projection area had a large influence. The chance of canopy interception at a particular wind speed was additionally affected by the type of canopy. This study increases our knowledge of the dispersal process, corrects the previous understanding of diaspore dispersal potential and improves the theoretical basis for predicting spatial pattern and dynamics of plant populations.
Unusual coronary artery arrangement in D-transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect
Authors: Bhimani Salima Ahmed , Komarlu Rukmini
Published: December 2020

A term female with prenatally diagnosed D-Transposition of the great arteries, large membranous ventricular septal defect with inlet extension, moderate secundum atrial septal defect, and large patent ductus arteriosus (Fig 1) was born by scheduled caesarean section. Transthoracic echocardiogram confirmed the anatomy with both coronary arteries arising from a single sinus with separate ostia. The right coronary artery arose from right posterior facing sinus (Fig 2). The left coronary artery arose anomalously from the same sinus adjacent to the right coronary artery ostium, coursing posterior to the aorta, with brief intramural and interarterial course before bifurcating into the left anterior descending and left circumflex coronary arteries (Figs 3 and 4). As a result of this unique coronary pattern, she underwent unroofing of the intramural left coronary artery noted on opening the aortic root to the coronary ostium. Both coronary buttons were harvested and this large button was then divided into two buttons. The left coronary artery button was implanted with a trapdoor technique, right coronary artery button was implanted, and the remainder of the arterial switch procedure along with LeCompte maneuver was completed uneventfully, with closure of the atrial and ventricular septal defects. The post-operative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on the seventh post-operative day. At discharge, the patient had normal biventricular systolic function, no residual intracardiac shunt, and robust antegrade flow in the reimplanted coronary arteries. The patient was growing well at the fourth month post-operative visit with normal biventricular function, patent coronaries, and outflow tracts.
Rethinking Mass-Gathering Domains for Understanding Patient Presentations: A Discussion Paper
Authors: Hutton Alison , Ranse Jamie , Zimmerman Peta-Anne
Published: December 2020

Aim:

The aim of this paper is to further develop an existing data model for mass-gathering health outcomes.

Background:

Mass-gathering events (MGEs) occur frequently throughout the world. Having an understanding of the complexities of MGEs is important to determine required health resources. Environmental, psychosocial, and biomedical domains may be a logical starting point to determine how data are being collected and reported in the literature; however, it may be that other factors influencing health resources are not identified within these domains.

Method:

Based on an exhaustive literature synthesis, this paper is the final paper in a series that explores the collection of variables that impact biomedical presentations associated with attendance/participation in MGEs.

Findings:

The authors propose further evolution of the Arbon model to include the addition of several domains, including: event environment; command, control, and communication (C3); public health; health promotion; and legacy when reporting the health outcomes of an event.

Conclusions:

Including a variety of domains that contribute to an MGE allows for formal evaluation of the event, which in turn informs future knowledge and skill development for both the event management group and the wider community.
Ethnic and gender variation in the use of Colloquial Singapore English discourse particles
Authors: LEIMGRUBER JAKOB R. E. , LIM JUN JIE , GONZALES WILKINSON DANIEL WONG , HIRAMOTO MIE
Published: December 2020

Discourse particles are among the most commented-upon features of Colloquial Singapore English (CSE). Their use has been shown to vary depending on formality, context, gender and ethnicity, although results differ from one study to another. This study uses theCorpus of Singapore English Messages(CoSEM), a large-scale corpus of texts composed by Singaporeans and sent using electronic messaging services, to investigate gender and ethnic factors as predictors of particle use. The results suggest a strong gender effect as well as several particle-specific ethnic effects. More generally, our study underlines the special nature of the grammatical class of discourse particles in CSE, which is open to new additions as the sociolinguistic and pragmatic need for them develops.