bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Maxillary Expansion Lead to Root Resorption?-A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Bharvada Karan , Lekhwani Priyanka , Shetye Sanchit , Saoji Shraddha , Meena Ramdhan
Published: March 2022

The objective of this review article is to assess root resorption of conventional rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and mini screw assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) with 2D and 3D radiographic imaging method. For this review article, the current literature was searched on the studies conducted on the effects of such expansion appliances on root resorption. Orthodontic patients with transverse maxillary defieiceny undergo maxillary expansion therapy for the correction of posterior crossbite. The evalution of root resorption in such patients can be done with either 2D radiographs such as perioapical radiograph, panoramic radiograph or 3D radiographs such as cone beam computed tomography. This review article will discuss the studies showing that conventional RME appliances can result in root resorption of molar teeth after the expansion procedure. In contrast, MARPE appliances have not shown significant root resorption after expansion procedures.
Sex and Stature Estimation from Odontometric Parameters of Kalabari Ethnic Group in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Oghenemavwe Loveday Ese , Oyakhire Micheal Omonkheoa , Onwugbufor Ugochukwu Emmanuel
Published: March 2022

The resistance of the teeth to human and taphonomic factors has made it a choice for the identification of persons. The aim of this study is to estimate sex and stature from odontometric parameters of Kalabari ethnic group of Rivers State in Nigeria. The cross-sectional descriptive study involved 100 volunteers between the ages of 15 to 30 years (50 males and 50 females) whose parents and four grandparents were from Kalabri ethnic group. The parameters measured were the crown height (CH), maximum mesiodistal width (MD), buccolingual dimension (BL) of the right maxillary and mandibular incisors, canines, and premolars. The heights (HT) of the volunteers were also measured. Discriminant function analysis was used to design a predictive model for sex and Multivariate Regression Analysis was used to design a predictive model for stature. The results showed that the mean values of all teeth variables were larger in males than in females except buccolingual dimensions of second maxillary incisor (BL2) and crown height of first maxillary premolar (CH4). Discriminant Function Analysis of all measured parameters showed the score that predicts male is 1.067 while -1.067 for female. Stepwise Discriminant Function Analysis showed maxillary canine to be the best predictor of sex followed by mandibular incisor. Predictive model for sex identification was derived. Multivariate regression analysis was used to derive equation for stature estimation. This study showed that the combination of the teeth could be used for sex and stature estimation.
Effect of Volatile Oils on De-Bonding of Polycarbonate Bracket Reinforced with Ceramic Filler: A Quantitative Study (Part 1)
Authors: Linjawi Amal Ibrahim , Hashim Hayder Abdalla
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The introduction of esthetic brackets is a new clinical approach in the field of orthodontics. Two main types of esthetic brackets have been developed and became widely available; the polycarbonate brackets, and the ceramic brackets. Both types have faced two significant de-bonding problems: (1) enamel and bracket fracture. The two problems have been well documented and continue to be of concern to clinicians.

Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate quantitatively the effect of three volatile oils and their combinations on the de-bonding of ceramic brackets.

Material and Method: Polycarbonate brackets reinforced with ceramic filler were bonded to one hundred and eighty (180) sound extracted human premolars using Transbond XT light curing adhesive. The teeth were then distributed into the following groups according to the type of volatile oil and period of application: clove oil (5 & 30 minutes), peppermint oil (5 & 30 minutes), Black seed volatile oil (5 & 30 minutes), and mixture of peppermint + Black seed volatile oils (5 & 30 minutes) in addition to control group. The brackets were then de-bonded using the Instron Universal Testing Machine and the de-bonding force was recorded for each type of the volatile oils in different times of application.

Result: The result revealed that the Black seed volatile oil gave the lowest de-bonding force in 5 minutes and 30 minutes of application whereas the mixture of the Black seed oil + peppermint oils gave the highest force in both time of application. Further, the peppermint oil application for 5-minute was found to be in the second rank whereas the Clove oil was in the third rank. Furthermore, in the 30 minutes of application the Clove oil was in the second rank whereas the peppermint was found to be in the third rank and the combination of Black seed oil + peppermint oil shows the highest debonding force.

Conclusion: Despite the limitation of the present study result, an assumption has been drawn from the results obtained that (1) the 5- minutes of black seed or peppermint volatile oils application can be considered the best debonding agent compared to the other volatile oils; (2) the clove oil can be used after de-bonding to facilitate the final cleansing-up of enamel surface. To confirm the latter assumption, further investigations are needed.
Comparison of the Efficiency of Polycrystalline and Thin-Film Photovoltaic Outdoors
Authors: Almadhhachi M. , Seres I. , Farkas I.
Published: March 2022

In this paper, a comparison was made between two types of PV modules widely used in the market: polycrystalline and thin-film (both of them are silicon-based manufacturing) to identify the variables and parameters affecting the efficiency of solar cells. The efficiency of polycrystalline is higher than thin-film, although the open circuit voltage is more affected by solar radiation. The comparison was made in Gödöllő in Hungary, characterized by a moderate climate temperature and humidity on a partly cloudy day to study the effect of clouds and the change in the amount of solar radiation on solar cells. The flexible feature of thin-film cells can be used in many applications, especially those related to covering surfaces, as it is considered thin-layer and does not require an expensive metal structure to install. All these variables were calculated and discussed. The difference between the efficiency of polycrystalline and thin-film modules was a small percentage ranging between (-0.2% to 0.5%). This difference comes from the manufacturing technology method and the manufacturing quality itself.
Energy Consumption from Transport Sector and CO₂ Emission: A Case of Kandahar City
Authors: Khan Wais , Karger Naqibullah
Published: March 2022

This paper is concerned with the prospective estimation of energy consumption in the transport sector. To determine the long-term energy consumption targets for transport in Kandahar city. Later on CO2 emission is calculated based on energy consumption in transport sector of Kandahar city from year 2017 to 2020 and the amount of emission is forecasted till 2030. Upon conducting this research it is found out that transport demand has increased during the last few years due to change in population growth and GDP. As a result, traffic congestion, road accidents, parking problems and air quality are worsening. In addition to those, lack of proper transport management system, public transport infrastructure and insufficient road capacity are adding growing energy demand and environmental problems of Kandahar transport sector. In order to avoid such problems, this research is conducted to focus on the energy demand and CO2 emission only in transport sector of the Kandahar city.

This study has focused on energy demand and emission of CO2 from passenger transport sector of Kandahar city from 2017 to 2020. If there is no policy intervention, energy demand can reach from 5.5 TJ in 2017 up to 14.8 TJ in 2030. Again gasoline passenger vehicles contributes the most in energy demand and emission. CO2 emission can reach from 381 Thousand metric tons in 2020 up to 860.9 Thousand metric tons in 2030.

Out of all vehicle types of transportation, private cars are responsible for 26% of energy share, motorbikes consuming the most and reaching up to 35%.
An Information-Based Approach to Sustainable Eco-Communities through Climate Change Initiatives
Authors: Coskun M. , Gbadeyanka G. E.
Published: March 2022

Numerous searches conducted across the globe on Climatic Change initiatives reveal that current human discharges of atmospheric glasshouse gases are of the utmost in the record. Recent weather conditions have had extensive effects on man and ecological communities. Diverse varieties of living things have been impacted negatively by the sudden changes in their ecological habitats, irregular transformation in atmospheric conditions, movement forms, supplies and varieties interrelationships in action to ongoing climatic variation. The current trends and forces on diverse living components will continue to expand, and varieties of living things will further reduce. This study assessed recent information on the impact of ecological communities worldwide and their impacts on climate change alleviation. The data guiding this study derived from the various reports from academic articles and other related studies which citations appropriately utilise in this ongoing study. The research offers information on the capability of previous administrative methods for wetlands, wildlands and pampas lands, coastland ecological communities and farmlands to support and promote carbon accumulation and carbon drifts. The research suggested increasing collaborations with climatic variation solutions, hazard threat reduction, viable growth, and ecological and living organisms. The diverse solutions offer broader land-use methods that consider all investors' viable advantages, information, and competencies. Empirical proof regarding living organisms' relevance for sustainable ecological communities and operation, thus the broad impact of a climatic change initiative, is vividly represented in this study.
The Legal Translation Profession in Morocco: Perceptions of Moroccan Sworn Translators
Authors: El Ghazi Omar
Published: March 2022

Morocco has Recently witnessed an increasing demand for legal translation services as a result of the establishment of various relations with many countries all over the world. These relations have given birth to partnerships and agreements in the public and private sectors.  Such agreements and contracts used to be drafted either in French or Arabic. But recently, there has been a tendency to draft them in English as well.  This article sets out to shed some light on the present situation of translation in Moroccan higher education institutions, the status of the translation profession in Morocco and the certification process of sworn translators, and finally, the perceptions and views of Moroccan sworn translators about the current challenges and future prospects of legal translation practice in Morocco.
Human Rights Abuse and Leadership Irresponsibility as Obstacles to Peace in Chimamanda N. Adichie’s Short Stories
Authors: Alou Yacoubou
Published: March 2022

This paper explores Chimamanda N. Adichie’s two short stories to show how the writer portrays human rights abuse and political irresponsibility as obstacles to peace and raises her fellow Africans’ awareness on the conditions to meet to foster conflict mitigation and nation-building efforts. Drawing on postcolonial theory, the study has found that Adichie implicitly interrogates the causes of constant conflicts in Nigeria and suggests that a sound social justice, political accountability, and respect of human rights constitute viable passes to peace in Nigeria and Africa as a whole.
Stabilization of An Unstable Interaction Between T Cells, HIV, and ARD in A Dynamic System
Authors: Bunonyo K. W. , Ebiwareme L. , Jephter J. D.
Published: March 2022

This research involves mathematical formulation to investigate the stabilization of an unstable interaction between Tcells, HIV and ARD in a dynamic system. The models were solved analytically where the steady state solutions were obtained. After abtaining the various steady solutions, we did linearization analytically, and the steady solution was found to be unstable. Hence, we introduced a control on some of the pertinent parameters and obtained the new set of eigen values that contains some other parameters. Thereafter, numerical simulation was done using Matlab, by varying the constant supply of the drug to study the effect of the system as well as the HIV. The study showed that the control introduced was effective in stabilising the trivial steady state solution of the dynamic system.
How to Interpret Gravitational Events in the Gravity Probe B Mission? (Gravitational Phonons and Gravitational Deformation Potential)
Authors: Stávek Jiří
Published: March 2022

The Gravity Probe B Mission (GPB) collected valuable experimental data in the years 2004-2005. The geodetic drift in the orbit plane was interpreted as the curvature precession through the space-time curved by the Earth´s mass. The frame-dragging effect was interpreted using the Lense-Thirring-Schiff model based on the dragging of the orbit plane of a satellite around the rotating Earth. Both these effects were visible in the CORRECTED data. The gist of this contribution is to describe these gravitational events as the result of the joint effects of the gravitational deformation potential and the gravitational phonons in the gyroscope rotors. The gravitational phonon velocity is “hidden” in the formula discovered by Albert Einstein in his last Prague´s paper in 1912. Gravitational phonons and the gravitational deformation potential acting on the gyroscope rotors deform slightly the gyroscope rotor geometry and form both observed longitudinal and transverse precessions. This new interpretation of subtle gravitational precessions was tested on the RAW experimental data published by the GPB Team. The observed gravitational events occur in the classical 3D space in this scenario. We propose to re-analyze all GPB data according this classical model without additional corrections. The new Gravity Probe C + D missions might deliver more illustrative data comparing this model with the predictions of the general theory of relativity.
Factors Impeding Government Security Agencies Responses in Combating Cattle Rustling in Baringo County-Kenya
Authors: Mazuri Mwanasha H. , Mwaeke Paul , Bor Eric
Published: March 2022

This study was necessitated by persistent Cattle rustling in Baringo County despite the security responses put in place by the government. Baringo County hosts a contingent of security personnel from the Kenya Police Reservists, General Service Unit, Administration Police Anti Stock Theft Unit and, more recently, Kenya Defense Forces. The study was guided by three objectives; to establish the impact of operational dynamics in impeding the government security agencies responses in combating cattle rustling in Baringo South Sub- County, Kenya; to examine the effect of local community dynamics in impeding the government security agencies responses in combating cattle rustling, and to examine the impact of cross-border militia incursions in impeding the government security agencies responses in combating cattle rustling in Baringo South Sub- County, Kenya. The qualitative data was analyzed thematically using NVIVO software and reported in a narrative form. The findings revealed that operational dynamics, local community dynamics and cross-border militia incursions were the major challenges faced in combating cattle rustling in the study area. Further, it was established that the success of the security operation largely depends on the cooperation and support of the local community but which was lacking according to this study. Additionally, networks of bandits were found to be so intricate and with established international and linkages, that made it difficult to sometimes recover the stolen cattle. The findings concluded that efforts by security agencies in combating cattle rustling in Baringo South Sub County have been futile as the challenge still persists more so among the Pokot. Major policy recommendations included deployment of modern state of the art virtual technology for aerial monitoring of cattle rustler’s movements and activities, given the challenges presented by Baringo’s inhibitive topography and poor transport network. This intervention may also save security officers from death traps in the lagas’ (dry valleys) which were perceived by this study to be security agencies’ killing ground. Aerial monitoring of cattle rustling may also enhance security operations and aptly police cattle rustling networks at all levels; local, national and international.
Analytical Simulation of the Fuel Cycle of Fusion and Hybrid Reactors
Authors:   NRU MPEI, Koshlan′ Vladislav I. , Ananyev Sergey S. ,   National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute»
Published: March 2022

The characteristic fuel cycle (FC) schemes for fusion and hybrid (fusion-fission) reactors are considered. The FC structures of the facilities that are under construction and of newly designed ones are analyzed. The FC architecture general features and specific ones of each facility are highlighted. Two simplified FC schemes are proposed, and a computer program for solving a system of differential equations and simulating the accumulation of fusion fuel component (tritium) in FC systems in a steady-state operation mode of the facilities has been developed. The obtained results are compared with published calculations for the DEMO, SABR, and DEMO-FNS facilities. The computer codes used for numerical simulation of the fusion reactor FCs are reviewed; a high relevance of the problem being solved is shown, and proposals for further sophistication of the developed model are formulated.
Sketch Colorization Based on Generative-Adversarial Neural Networks
Authors:   NRU MPEI, Bartenyev Oleg V. , Salakhutdinov Emil R. ,   NRU MPEI
Published: March 2022

Generative adversarial neural networks (GAN) successfully perform automatic colorization of character sketches. Such models can be further improved in such aspects as increasing the throughput, improving the colorization quality, and reducing the model size. Steps aimed at improving the colorization quality are taken. Known solutions are reviewed, and an initial GAN model with eight blocks in the generator encoder and decoder is developed and trained based on the review results. The second GAN model is obtained on the basis of the first one by including residual blocks in the generator encoder blocks with simultaneously using the attention blocks and residual blocks in the generator decoder. The third GAN model has been developed based on the second one: one block is added to the generator encoder and decoder. All models, including the initial and modified ones, have been trained on the same data set. The models have been trained either with or without using additional information about the image color (the color palette of the reference image or color hint labels). The trained models are evaluated with respect to the quality of the images they generate (colored sketches), determined by the Frechet Inception Distance metric. All modified GAN models generate images with quality superior to that of the initial model.
Options of Shaping a Symmetrical Seven-Phase Output Voltage of a Valve Converter
Authors:   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Tereshkin Vladimir M. , Grishin Dmitriy A. ,   LLC «Gaz-Project-Engineering», Balandin Sergey P. ,   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Tereshkin Vyacheslav V. ,   Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2022

A seven-phase bridge converter has 128 logical states. When a seven-phase symmetric winding is connected to the converter, each logical state produces a spatial-temporal resulting voltage vector. In total, the converter can produce 126 active vectors and 2 zero vectors. The aim of the work is to study and classify the vector space in implementing the converter control algorithms performing spatial-vector modulation of the voltage by a seven-phase symmetric winding. It has been determined that there are nine control algorithms that form a symmetrical seven-phase voltage with various phase voltage waveforms. Each waveform corresponds to a certain value of the phase voltage fundamental harmonic component. The fundamental harmonic amplitude corresponds to the modulus of the generalized spatial-temporal voltage vector of discrete states. The vector spaces of phase voltage vectors corresponding to the converter logical states and shaping the resulting vectors, and also the vector spaces of generalized voltage vectors are investigated. The numerical values of the resulting and generalized voltage vectors are obtained. In carrying out the study, the vector analysis methods and methods of expanding functions into Fourier series were used. The theoretical studies have been tested experimentally. The experiments were carried out on a bench intended for studying the spatial-vector modulation of multiphase motors using a prototype seven-phase motor. The results can be used to implement nonlinear vector control systems for a seven-phase motor.
The Mathematical Model of an Electromagnetic Vibrator with an Inverter-based Power Supply
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University Named After Islam Karimov, Nuraliev lmikhan K. , Esenbekov Azamat Zh. ,   Karakalpak State University, Ibadullaev Mukchtor I. ,   Tashkent State Technical University Named After Islam Karimov
Published: March 2022

Drives with electromagnetic vibration exciters (EMVE) occupy an important place among the vibration machines used in various industries owing to their having a simple design and ensuring high vibration intensity. Rational designing of such devices needs a theoretical justification. An electromagnetic vibrator was theoretically studied, as a result of which regularities interrelating its electrical, magnetic and mechanical subsystems have been established, and the dependence of coil inductance on the gap x that takes into account the inductance modulation coefficient has been determined. Correlations describing periodic solutions in the form of series in powers of a small parameter µ have been derived. Equations using which the stability of periodic solutions can be determined in a first approximation have been obtained. By using the small parameter method, relations for the current in the coil have been derived, and the power consumed by the electromagnet has been determined.
V. / XI. Asırda Bir Selçuklu Veziri: Müeyyidülmülk b. Nizâmülmülk’ün Siyasî ve İdarî Etkinliği
Authors: YEŞİLDURAK Efe
Published: March 2022

Selçuklu tarihinde icraat ve başarılarıyla tanınan ve yaklaşık otuz yıl vezirlik makamında kalan Nizâmülmülk, oğulları, torunları ve onların faaliyetleriyle de bilinmektedir. Devrin kaynaklarında Nizâmülmülk’ün on veya on iki oğlu olduğu zikredilmesine rağmen yalnızca dokuzu hakkında malumat verilir. Oğullarından Müeyyidülmülk Ubeydullah’ın (444/1052-494/1101) siyasi gücü ve etkisi neredeyse babası Nizâmülmülk’e ulaşmıştır. Hem hilâfet merkezi Bağdat’ta hem de Selçuklu hakimiyetindeki diğer bölgelerde siyasi faaliyetlerde etkin rol oynamıştır.Nizamülmülk, oğlu Müeyyidülmülk’ün Abbasi veziri olması için pek çok kez girişimde bulunmuş fakat o, önce halifenin yardımcısı olmuş ve bu sırada elçi olarak görevlendirilmiş, ardından 473/1081 yılında Tikrît şehrini ele geçirerek, birkaç sene burada kalmış ve şehri tahkim etmiştir. 476/1084 senesinde Divân-ı inşâ ve tuğra reisi olmuş, hatta bu sırada devrin en önde gelen medresesi olan Bağdat Nizâmiye medresesine Ebû Sa‘d Abdurrahman b. el-Me‘mun’u müderris olarak atamıştır. 477/1085 yılında, Şerefüddevle Müslim gibi ayaklanan emirlere karşı Sultan Melikşah tarafından görevlendirilmiş ve isyanların kontrol altına alınmasını sağlamıştır. 487/1095 yılından, vefat ettiği 494/1101 yılına kadar ise önce Berkyaruk ve ardından Muhammed Tapar gibi iki ayrı Selçuklu sultanına vezir olmuştur. Selçukluların iç karışıklıklar içinde olduğu bir dönemde, taht mücadelesi içinde olan iki hükümdara ardarda vezirlik yapması ve vezirliği boyunca hem siyasi faaliyetlere hem de Bâtınîlerle olan mücadelelere yön veren isimlerden biri olması sebebiyle Selçuklu tarihinde önemli bir konuma sahiptir.
XX. Yüzyılın İlk Çeyreğinde Türkistan'da Çarlık Rusyası'na Karşı Meydana Gelen Başkaldırı Hareketi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: KARATAŞ Ömer
Published: March 2022

Türkistan coğrafyası, Çarlık idaresine karşı XIX. yüzyılın son çeyreği ile XX. yüzyılın ilk çeyreği arasında Türk halklarının başkaldırıları hareketlerine sahne oldu. Bu başkaldırı hareketleri içerisinde en dikkat çekici olanı 1916 yılında meydana gelen ayaklanmadır. Bu ayaklanmanın temelinde Türkistan halklarının Çarlık yönetiminden tamamen kurtulma düşüncesi yatmakta mezkûr ayaklanma ilk kitlesel silahlı direniş hareketi hüviyeti taşımaktadır. Bu yönüyle söz konusu ayaklanma, gerek Rusya ve gerekse Orta Asya Türk devletleri tarihçiliğinde ilgi görmüştür. Konuyla ilgili kaleme alınan araştırmalarda 1916 Türkistan ayaklanması, genellikle sebep-sonuç ilişkisi ve bölgede neden olduğu etkiler üzerinden değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu minvalde makalemizde; bu zamana kadar bilhassa Rus ve Orta Asya Türk devletleri tarih literatüründe konu edinilen 1916 senesi Türkistan ayaklanmasının değinilmeyen ya da eksik olarak gördüğümüz yönlerine temas etmeye çalışacağız.
Characterizations of hilbertian norms involving the areas of triangles in a smooth space
Authors:   ", Precupanu Teodor ,   Faculty of Mathematics, ",   ",   Al.I. Cuza",   ",   University, Iasi, Romania e-mail: tprecup@uaic.ro"
Published: March 2022

In the previous paper, we have defined together with I. Ionic\u{a} the heights of a nontrivial triangle with respect to Birkhoff orthogonality in a real smooth space $X$, $\mbox{dim}\, X\geq 2.$ In the present paper, we remark that, generally, the area of a nontrivial triangle in $X$ has not the same value for different heights of the triangle. The purpose of this paper is to characterize the norm of $X$ if this space has the property that the area of any triangle is well defined (independent of considered height). In this line we give five equivalent properties using the directional derivative of the norm. If $X$ is strictly convex and $\mbox{dim} X\geq 3$, then each of these five properties characterizes the hilbertian norms (generated by inner products).
Some applications of Maia's fixed point theorem for Fredholm integral equation systems
Authors:   ", Filip Alexandru-Darius ,   Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Department of Statistics-Forecasts-Mathematics, Teodor Mihali Street, No. 58-60, 400591 Cluj-Napoca, Romania e-mail: darius.filip@econ.ubbcluj.ro"
Published: March 2022

"The aim of this paper is to study the existence and uniqueness of solutions for some Fredholm integral equation systems by applying the vectorial form of Maia's fixed point theorem. Some abstract Gronwall lemmas and an abstract comparison lemma are also obtained."
Concentración en el mercado laboral y su relación con los salarios en México
Authors: Oseguera Sauri Ana Cristina
Published: March 2022

Utilizando un panel se muestra la relación entre la concentración en el mercado laboral y las remuneraciones de los trabajadores. La concentración se calcula utilizando el índice de Herfindahl-Hirschman sobre el empleo. En el sector formal se encuentra que un aumento de una desviación estándar (3,566 puntos) del IHH está asociado con un aumento en las remuneraciones por trabajador de entre 2.1% y 2.9%. Esta elasticidad depende de la productividad laboral. En el sector informal se encuentra que un aumento de una desviación estándar (3,242 puntos) del IHH está asociado con un aumento en las remuneraciones por trabajador de entre 4.5% y 6%. Dicha elasticidad depende de la intensidad de uso del capital.
Re-Examine the Model to Manage Revenue Court Cases in Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Yadav Mukesh , Jha Deepika
Published: March 2022

The Board of Revenue (BoR), Government of Uttar Pradesh, with the technical support of the National Informatics Centre (NIC)–UP, launched an online portal—Revenue Court Computerised Management System (RCCMS)—in the year 2013. Given the services offered by the portal, it is quite evident that the RCCMS has improved the transparency and efficiency in the functioning of revenue courts in Uttar Pradesh. Based on a study conducted by the Indian Institute for Human Settlements (IIHS), the team has found that this portal has the scope for further improvement, despite its technological advancements. This policy brief compares the national level portal (the Supreme Court) and one state (Madhya Pradesh) for such improvisation.
Optimization Pressure of Water Distribution Network System of the Banjarsari Water Treatment Plant, PDAM Bojonegoro
Authors: Utama Teguh Taruna , Zumrotin Amelia
Published: March 2022

The distribution network of the Banjarsari water treatment plant uses a gravity system. The system serves the drinking water in Banjarsari Villages. This study aims to optimize the pressure of the water distribution network in the Banjarsari Villages. This system supplies water from the Banjarsari water treatment plant. The water distribution network uses the gravity method to deliver water to customers. The drinking water distribution network was obtained from PDAM Bojonegoro. Meanwhile, the elevation and node of pipe were obtained by using Google Earth. Before optimization, the water distribution network has negative pressure at 07.00 AM and 05.00 PM. The negative pressure zone is at the end of the distribution network. The negative pressure values obtained using EPANET is range from -0,67 meters to -6,34 meters. The water distribution network is optimized by replacing diameter pipe in some areas, the water pressure increases significantly and makes the water distribution has positive pressure values. The pressure values are range from 2,70 meters to 13,65 meters. Replacing diameters of pipe is a solution to remove negative pressure, so that water from the reservoir can deliver to the end of a pipe. The distribution network pipe diameter is chosen which is close to the calculated pipe diameter.
Penentuan Frekuensi Osilasi pada Dua Pendulum Terkopel Menggunakan Arduino Uno dengan Sensor Ultrasonik
Authors: Habib Abdul Muis , Pramudya Yudhiakto
Published: March 2022

This study aims to determine the value of the oscillation frequency in two pendulum coupled using Arduino Uno with an ultrasonic sensor. The motion of different pendulum oscillations is in phase and phase differences. The ultrasonic sensor is connected to the Arduino Uno board which is then connected to a PC using a USB cable. The process of data retrieval begins by moving the pendulum in phases and pressing the conect button on the PLX-DAQ application to obtain data that will automatically be displayed on Microsoft Excel. Furthermore, the data obtained were analyzed by fitting data, then the results were plotted in graphical form. The analysis results show different oscillation frequency values in the comparison of oscillation frequency measurements using a tracker and ultrasonic sensor. In experiments using a tracker obtained Ï‰ value of 4.62 and in theory a value of 5.66 with an error of 18.4%. Whereas the ultrasonic sensor obtained an experimental Ï‰ value of 4.95 and a theoretical nilai value of 5.66 with an error of 12.55%. From the comparison of these measurements it can be seen that the value of Ï‰ experimentally using an ultrasonic sensor is greater or closer to the value of Ï‰ in theory. This means that the measurement of oscillation frequency using an ultrasonic sensor also has a good accurate level so that it is feasible to use in coupled oscillation experiments.
Karakteristik Sifat Fisis Tanah Daerah Potensi Longsor di Jalur Sitinjau Lauik Padang-Solok, Sumatera Barat
Authors: Pajri Panji , Budiman Arif
Published: March 2022

Pengukuran sifat fisis tanah pada lereng yang telah terjadi longsor dan yang belum terjadi longsor di jalur Sitinjau Lauik telah diteliti dengan metode American Standard Testing and Material (ASTM). Pengamatan dilakukan pada lereng yang telah terjadi longsor (L1 dan L4) dan lereng yang belum terjadi longsor (L2 dan L3). Sampel tanah diambil pada bagian atas tengah, dan bawah dengan kedalaman 30 cm dan 75 cm. Hasil pengukuran sifat fisis tanah menunjukkan bahwa jenis tanah dari keempat lereng didominasi oleh tanah liat berpasir dan lempung. Nilai koefisien keseragaman dengan rentang 2,34âˆ’21,48, nilai koefisien gradasi dengan rentang 0,69âˆ’3,01, nilai berat spesifik dengan rentang 2,00âˆ’2,32, dan nilai kadar air jenuh tanah dengan rentang 24,95âˆ’38,60%. Potensi longsor pada lereng L1 masih tinggi yang diidentifikasi dari jenis tanah lempung yang masih berada pada medan gelincir dan kadar air yang tinggi. Lereng yang belum mengalami longsor (L2 dan L3) memiliki potensi longsor yang sangat tinggi karena jenis tanah yang mengandung lempung. Kandungan fraksi lempung yang sedikit pada lereng L4 menyebabkan potensi longsor pada lereng ini terbilang rendah. Berdasarkan jenis tanah yang mengandung lempung dan kemiringan rata-rata, lereng yang berpotensi longsor dari yang terbesar adalah lereng L3, L1, L2, dan L4.Â Measurement of the physical properties of soil on slopes that have occurred landslides and those that have not occurred in the Sitinjau Lauik line has been investigated using the American Standard Testing and Materials (ASTM) method. Observations were made on slopes that had landslides (L1 and L4) and slopes where landslides had not occurred (L2 and L3). Soil samples were taken at the top, middle, and bottom with a depth of 30 cm and 75 cm. The results of the measurement of the physical properties of the soil show that the soil types of the four slopes are dominated by sandy loam and clay. The values of the uniformity coefficient are ranging from 2.34 to 21.48, the value of the grading coefficient are ranging from 0.69 to 3.01,weight values specifics are ranging from 2.00 to 2.32, and soil saturated water content valuesare ranging from 24.95% to 38.60%. The potential for landslides on the L1 slope is still high, which is identified from the type of clay soil that is still in a sliding field and has high water content. Slopes that have not experienced landslides (L2 and L3) have a very high potential for landslides due to the type of soil that contains clay. The small clay fraction content on the L4 slope causes the potential for landslides on this slope to be low. Based on the type of soil that contains clay and the average slope, the slopes with the largest potential for landslides are the slopes L3, L1, L2, and L4.
Pemodelan Spasial Kerentanan Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan di Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Novita Shania Ellens , Vonnisa Mutya
Published: March 2022

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pemodelan spasial kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor pemicu, membangun model spasial dan memetakan tingkat kebakaran hutan dan lahan yang terjadi di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur sebagai wilayahÂ ibukota baru Indonesia.Â Pemodelan spasial kebakaran hutan dan lahan ini diambil dengan mempertimbangkan faktor manusia dan biofisik yang mempengaruhi kebakaran hutan dan lahan.Â MetodeÂ Composite Mapping AnalysisÂ (CMA)Â digunakan untuk mengembangkan model. Penelitian iniÂ menemukan bahwa jarak dari jaringan jalan, jarak dari desa/permungkiman,Â keberadaan gambut, tutupan lahan dan curah hujan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap risiko kebakaran lahan dan hutan.Â Model spasialÂ yang diperoleh dari penelitian memiliki koefisien determinasiÂ 0,90. Validasi model menunjukkan bahwa model dapat memprediksi risiko kebakaran hutan dan lahan dengan akurasi 54,33 %. Model tersebut menggambarkan bahwa sekitar 54,5 % risiko kebakaran hutan dan lahan disebabkan oleh faktor manusia diantaranya jarak terhadap desa, jarak terhadap jalan dan tutupan lahan, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 45,5% disumbang oleh faktor biofisikÂ diantaranya keberadaan gambut dan curah hujan.Â Spatial model of land and forest fire risk in East Kalimantan ProvinceÂ has been developedÂ toÂ identify the main causes of forest and land fires. The purpose of this study is also to build spatial models and map the level of forest and land firesÂ in East Kalimantan Province as the candidateÂ of new capital of Indonesia. The model was derived by considering human and biophysical factors that affect the forest and land fires. The Composite Mapping Analysis (CMA) method was used to develop the model. Distance from the road network, distance from villages/settlements, peatlands, land cover and rainfall have a significant effect on the risk of land and forest fires. The spatial model has a determination coefficient of 0.90. Model can predict the forest and land fire risk providing 54.33 % of accuracy.Â The model described that approximately 54.5 % of forest and land fire risk is contributed by human factors including distance to the village, distance to the road and land cover, while the rest of 45.5 %, is contributed by biophysical factors including peatlandsÂ Â and rainfall.
Analisis Perbandingan Nilai Conformity Index dan Homogeneity Index pada Teknik 3D-CRT dan IMRT pada Kasus Kanker Payudara Berdasarkan Hasil TPS di RS UNAND
Authors: Husni Mutiatul , Shafii Mohammad Ali , Adrial Rico , Ilyas Muhammad
Published: March 2022

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai analisis perbandingan perencanaan 3D-CRT dan IMRT pada pasien kanker payudara berdasarkan hasil TPS. Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Universitas Andalas, Padang. Tujuan penelitian membandingkan nilai Conformity index (CI) dan Homogeneity Index (HI), sehingga diketahui teknik yang lebih efesien digunakan. Penelitian menggunakan 15 data pasien kanker payudara dengan berkas foton 6 MV dan dosis radiasi yang diberikan bernilai 200 cGy dengan 25 kali fraksi sehingga total dosis radiasi bernilai 5000 cGy. Data yang digunakan yaitu dosis radiasi pada 2%, 50%, 98% volume kanker dan volume kanker pada 95% dosis radiasi yang diberikan. Hasil yang diperoleh untuk nilai CI pada teknik 3D-CRT 0,9157-0,9906 dan untuk teknik IMRT 0,9447-0,9987. Nilai HI untuk teknik 3D-CRT 0,1729-0,3954 dan untuk teknik IMRT 0,0385-0,1472. Dari hasil penelitian dengan membandingakan nilai CI dan HI dapat disimpulkan bahwa teknik IMRT lebih efisien dibandingkan teknik 3D-CRT.
Studi Bahaya Seismik dengan Metode Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analisys di Kabupaten Mentawai
Authors: Dari Riska Wulan , Pujiastuti Dwi
Published: March 2022

Telah dilakukan penelitian bahaya/hazard gempa bumi untuk Kabupaten Mentawai sebagai daerah dengan resiko bahaya gempa bumi tinggi menggunakan metode probabilictic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA). Data gempa yaitu kejadian gempa bumi rentang tahun 1900-2019 yang diperoleh dari katalog BMKG, ISC, dan USGS. Dilakukan pemisahan gempa utama dan susulan menggunakan metode Garnerd dan Knopoff. Selanjutnya ditentukan nilai b-value dan a-value dengan persamaan maximum likelihood. Nilai percepatan gerakan tanah maksimum (PGA) dicari menggunakan rumus fungsi atenuasi yang didasarkan pada sumber gempa dengan menggunakan bobot ketidakpastian logic tree. Hasil yang diperoleh untuk nilai b-value sebesar 0,747 menunjukkan banyak terjadi gempa dengan magnitudo kecil di Kabupaten Mentawai. Besar a-value yaitu 6,19 menandakan Kabupaten Mentawai memiliki tingkat seismisitas tinggi. Nilai PGA diperoleh berkisar 0,4-0,7 gal untuk seluruh Kabupaten Mentawai. Nilai PGA untuk masing-masing Pulau di Kabupaten Mentawai yaitu berkisar 0,5-0,7 gal di Pulau Siberut, 0,4-0,6 gal di Pulau Sipora, 0,4-0,5 gal di Pulau Pagai Utara dan 0,6-0,7 gal di Pulau Pagai Selatan. Berdasarkan nilai PGA maka didapatkan bahwa Kabupaten Mentawai memiliki tingkat bahaya gempa sedang untuk keseluruhan daerah dan tinggi untuk Siberut Utara dan Pagai Selatan.
Pengaruh Perubahan Fraksi Volume Terhadap Kekritisan Desain Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor Berbahan Bakar Uranium Nitride
Authors: Novalianda Sari , Ramadhan Andri
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini menyajikan pengaruh perubahan fraksi volume desainÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor (GFR) berbahan bakar Uranium Nitride. Fraksi volume reaktor cepat terdiri dari bahan bakar, kelongsong dan pendingin. Penelitian ini terdiri dari tiga desain sel bahan bakar dengan perbedaan fraksi voleme yang terdiri dari fuel, caldding, dan coolant yaitu desain A 55%:10%:35%, desain B 60%:10%:30% dan 65%:10%:25% untuk desain C. Parameter survey yang diukur adalah faktor kekritisan reaktor yaitu keff, kinf dan perubahan level burnup terhadap waktu burnupnya. Perhitungan desain GFR menggunakan seperangkat program Standart Reactor Analysis Code (SRAC). Hasil perhitungan ketiga desain reaktor, didapat bahwaÂ  desain B berbahan bakar Uranium Nitride dengan pengayaan 9,5% uranium 235 dan fraksi volume 60% bahan bakar, 10 % kelongsong dan 30% pendingin mencapai kondisi kritis pada keff > 1,008 dan kinf > 1,012. Desain reaktor B dapat beroperasi selama 10 tahun tanpa proses refueling dengan excess reactivity 0,031%.Â The research presents the effect of changes in the volume fraction on the criticality of the Uranium Nitride Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor (GFR) design. The fast reactor volume fraction consists of fuel, cladding, and coolant. This research consisted of three fuel cell designs his research consists of three fuel cell designs with different volumes fraction consisting of fuel, cladding, and coolant namely A design 55%:10%:35%. B design 60%:10%:30% and 65%:10%:25% for C design. The survey parameters measured were the criticality of the reactor, namely keff, kinf, and burnup level changes with the burnup time. GFR design calculations use a set of Standard Reactor Analysis Code (SRAC) programs. The third calculation of the reactor design, found that design B was fueled with Uranium Nitride with enrichment of 9.5% uranium 235 and volume fraction of 60% fuel, 10% cladding, and 30% coolant reached critical conditions at keff> 1,008 and kinf> 1,012. Design B reactor can operate for 10 years without refueling with an excess reactivity of 0.031%.
Identifikasi Batuan Andesit Menggunakan Metode Geolistrik 2D di Daerah Pengaron, Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Simamora Selvy Tiurma , Wahyono Sri Cahyo , Siregar Simon Sadok
Published: March 2022

Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi lapisan batuan andesit menggunakan metode geolistrik 2D dengan konfigurasi Schlumberger di daerah Pengaron, Kalimantan Selatan. Pengukuran dilakukan untuk lima lintasan dengan panjang tiap lintasan 270 m. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memodelkan penampang lintang nilai resistivitas 2D, menentukan jenis litologi, kedalaman dan ketebalan batuan andesit di daerah penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data diperoleh tiga lapis jenis batuan. Lapisan pertama merupakan lapisan top soil dengan nilai resistivitas 39â€“116 Î©m, lapisan kedua adalah lempung dengan nilai resistivitas 143â€“298 Î©m dan lapisan ketiga merupakan batuan andesit dengan nilai resistivitas 320â€“1.000 Î©m. Hasil interpretasi 2D menunjukkan bahwa batuan andesit memiliki nilai resistivitas 382â€“1.000 Î©m pada kedalaman 10-77 m dan ketebalan 10â€“55 m.Â Research has been carried out to identify andesite rock layers using 2D geo-electrical method with Schlumberger configuration in the Pengaron area, South Kalimantan. Measurements were made for five tracks with a length of each track being 270 m. The purpose of this research is to model the cross section of 2D resistivity values, determine the type of lithology, depth and thickness of andesite rocks in the study area. Based on the results of data processing, three layers of rock types were obtained. The first layer is the top soil layer with a resistivity value of 39â€“116 Î©m, the second layer is clay with a resistivity value of 143â€“298 Î©m and the third layer is andesite rock with a resistivity value of 320â€“1,000 Î©m. The 2D interpretation results show that andesite rocks have a resistivity value of 382â€“1,000 Î©m at a depth of 10-77 m and a thickness of 10â€“55 m.
Studi Relokasi Hiposenter Aftershock Gempa Yogyakarta 2006
Authors: Shinta Velli , Pujiastuti Dwi , Aulia Atin Nur
Published: March 2022

Studi relokasi hiposenter aftershock gempa Yogyakarta 2006 telah diteliiti melalui pengolahan data waveform aftershock gempa Yogyakarta pada 16 Juni s.d 5 Juli 2006.Â  Data model kecepatan gelombang 1D Jawa Tengah digunakan sebagai model kecepatan awal. Identifikasi distribusi hiposenter gempa bumi diperoleh menggunakan metode Joint Hypocenter Determination (JHD) dan program Velest. Lokasi hiposenter ini selanjutnya di plot pada peta menggunakan GMT (Generic Mapping Tools). Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa persebaran hiposenter gempabumi membentuk tiga buah cluster, berada dibagian timur kemudian membelok ke arah selatan Sesar Opak. Hiposenter memiliki pola persebaran membentuk suatu bidang sesar. Kemudian, hasil penelitian menemukan adanya rambatan energi di sepanjang zona lemah Sesar Opak dari sesar aktif di bagian timur. Nilai RMS residual relokasi hiposenterÂ  menunjukkan hasil yang cukup akurat yaitu sebesar 0,0596 detik dan menghasilkan model kecepatan yang tidak jauh berbeda dengan model kecepatan awal (Jawa Tengah).Â The relocation study of the 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake aftershock hypocenter has been investigated through the processing of the Yogyakarta earthquake aftershock waveform data from 16 June to 5 July 2006. Data from the 1D wave velocity model of Central Java is used as the initial velocity model. Identification of the earthquake hypocenter distribution was obtained using the Joint Hypocenter Determination (JHD) method and the Velest program. The hypocenter location is then plotted on the map using GMT (Generic Mapping Tools). The results showed that the hypocenter of the earthquake formed three clusters, located in the eastern part and then veered to the south of the Opak Fault. The hypocenter has a distribution pattern to form a fault plane. Then, the results of the study found energy propagation along the weak zone of the Opak Fault from an active fault in the eastern part. The RMS value of the residual hypocenter relocation shows a fairly accurate result of 0.0596 seconds and produces a velocity model that is not much different from the initial velocity model (Central Java).
Efecto del método de aplicación del fertilizante químico en la productividad del cultivo de café (Coffea arábica)
Authors: Meza Pérez Gilder
Published: March 2022

Los fertilizantes son importantes, desde un punto vista agronómico, para el aumento de la productividad de los cultivos. El rendimiento depende principalmente de la cantidad de nutrientes, época y técnica de aplicación. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el efecto de la fertilización empleando diferentes métodos de aplicación (drench, Fertirriego y granulado) sobre la productividad del cultivo de café (Coffea arábica). Esta investigación se realizó en una parcela con densidad de 3333 plantas /hectárea, en el ámbito de intervención de la Cooperativa Agraria Cafetalera Shunte, distrito de Shunte, provincia de Tocache, departamento de San Martín. Para el análisis estadístico, se empleó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones y cuatro tratamientos (incluyendo el control). Se aplicó una dosis de fertilizante siguiendo la formulación de nutrición balanceada de Mavolta (1996) para el cultivo de café. Los resultados señalan una productividad de 1560 kg/ha con la técnica drench, 1472 kg/ha con la técnica fertirriego, 924 kg/ha con la técnica granulada y 642 kg/ha con el control. Realizando una comparación de medias, no existen diferencias significativas en la productividad del café entre el método de aplicación del fertilizante tipo drench y Fertirriego. Sin embargo, realizando un análisis de costos, la técnica drench resulta ser más económica, conveniente y práctica para la aplicación del fertilizante y permitiendo alcanzar valores de productividad similar al obtenido por la técnica Fertirriego. 