bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epitaxial repair and in situ damage assessment for turbine blades
Authors: Rinaldi C , Antonelli G
Published: March 2005

For single crystal components a technology to repair tips by epitaxial laser cladding was studied, to verify if, with a Nd-YAG laser, improved deposit efficiencies can be obtained with respect to published data relative to a CO2 laser. A user-friendly software tool was developed to make experiments and process development easier. With the support of this tool deposit efficiencies 1.5-times higher were reached. In the field of non-destructive technologies a frequency scanning eddy current technique named F-SECT was developed by CESI able to assess the damage degree of MCrAlY coatings due to operation. A recent improvement of this technique applicable in situ, on mounted blades in the turbine, will be described.
The benefits of turbine endwall profiling in a cascade
Authors: Ingram G , Gregory-Smith D , Harvey N
Published: March 2005

Non-axisymmetric profiled endwalls have been shown to reduce losses and secondary flow both in cascades and in rig tests. This paper presents experimental results which quantify the benefits of loss reduction in the cascade with particular attention to accuracy. The paper compares the benefits achieved in experiment to the results predicted by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The results show that both the experiment and CFD give significant reductions in secondary flow. A reduction of 31 per cent in secondary loss has been measured for the best case, but the CFD gives only a small reduction in loss. Previous studies on the planar endwall have shown significant areas of transitional flow, so the surface flow has been studied with the aid of surface-mounted hot films. It was concluded that the loss reductions were not due to changes in regions of laminar and turbulent flow.
Energy performance of a solar hybrid collector system in a multistory apartment building
Authors: Chow T T , Chan A L S , Fong K F , Lo W C , Song C L
Published: March 2005

Solar co-generation applied in buildings has the advantage of increasing the energy output per unit installed collector area. This paper investigates a centralized photovoltaic and hot-water collector system that can serve as a water pre-heating system for a multistory apartment building in a warm climate region. Collectors are mounted on vertical facades. Electricity generated by the system is consumed by the circulation pumps and the water heaters. The facade integration, together with the heat and electricity co-generation, are features embedding both active and passive solar technology. A numerical model that analyzes its energy performance in an apartment building in Hong Kong is described. The study has been based on practical design requirements. It is estimated that, with the use of amorphous-silicon hybrid collectors which cover two-thirds of the west- and south-facing facades, the system is able to support one-third of the thermal energy required for water heating.
Modelling the flow of an electrostructured fluid in transient operation
Authors: Ellam D J , Bullough W A , Atkin R J
Published: March 2005

This paper is primarily concerned with the feasibility of modelling the flow of electro-structured fluids (ESFs) by the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The non-steady performance of specimen devices in which power, force, or torque is transmitted via an ESF is predicted. This is achieved by incorporating a Bingham plastic type model into a commercial CFD package. Adequately describing the rheology of these fluids requires the use of several parameters. The presence of plug flow and unsteady terms in the equations of motion adds a certain complexity, and a future view of including heat transfer, field distributions, and electrical conductance adds even more difficulty. For enabling practical device development/ optimization studies that incorporate these features, an approach utilizing a well-endowed CFD package for this purpose is near essential. The results are verified by experiments that represent a wide range of flow situations. For experimentation, an electrorheological (ER) fluid is used as the test medium on the grounds of convenience owing to the current availability of a reliable fluid with some characterization. However, the CFD procedures apply both to ER and to magnetorheological (MR) fluids.
Implicit numerical simulation of transonic flow through turbine cascades on unstructured grids
Authors: Mei Y , Guha A
Published: March 2005

Numerical simulation of the compressible flow through a turbine cascade is studied in the present paper. The numerical solution is performed on self-adaptive unstructured meshes by an implicit method. Computational codes have been developed for solving Euler as well as Navier-Stokes equations with various turbulence modelling. The Euler and Navier-Stokes codes have been applied on a standard turbine cascade, and the computed results are compared with experimental results. A hybrid scheme is used for spatial discretization, where the inviscid fluxes are discretized using a finite volume method while the viscous fluxes are calculated by central differences. A MUSCL-type approach is used for achieving higher-order accuracy. The effects of the turbulent stress terms in the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations have been studied with two different models: an algebraic turbulence model (Baldwin-Lomax model) and a two-equation turbulence model ( k-ɛ model). The system of linear equations is solved by a Gauss-Seidel algorithm at each step of time integration. A new treatment of the non-reflection boundary condition is applied in the present study to make it consistent with the finite volume flux calculation and the implicit time discretization.
Experimental and computational investigation of a centrifugal compressor stage
Authors: Gao L , Xi G , Zhou L , Wang S
Published: March 2005

This paper presents experimental and computational investigations on a centrifugal compressor stage to study unsteady interaction flow and to verify the capability of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes. Detailed instantaneous flow has been measured at several different measuring positions using a hot-wire anemometer with the phase-locked ensemble-averaged technique. To describe quantitatively the unsteady effect induced from the impeller, an unsteady intensity is defined in this paper. Also, two computational investigations for the tested centrifugal compressor are performed and compared with corresponding experimental data: one is a steady method with the deterministic stress model and the other is an unsteady method with the sliding interface technique.
An aerodynamic bearing with adjustable geometry and self-lifting capacity. Part 1: Self-lift capacity by squeeze film
Authors: Ha D. N. , Stolarski T. A. , Yoshimoto S
Published: March 2005

An aerodynamic bearing capable of self-lift by squeeze film is presented. The bearing uses piezoelectric actuators and elastic hinges in order elastically to deform the initial cylindrical clearance to a three-lobe clearance. The three-lobe clearance can cyclically deform with sufficient amplitude and frequency to generate a squeeze-film pressure. This squeeze-film separates the shaft and bearing surfaces, and eliminates rubbing of the two surfaces at low rotational speeds. Numerical and experimental results show that, although the proposed bearing has a relatively low squeeze-film load capacity, it is practically feasible.
Conservation of the deadenylase activity of proteins of the Caf1 family in human
Authors: BIANCHIN CLAIRE , MAUXION FABIENNE , SENTIS STÉPHANIE , SÉRAPHIN BERTRAND , CORBO LAURA
Published: March 2005

The yeast Pop2 protein, belonging to the eukaryotic Caf1 family, is required for mRNA deadenylation in vivo. It also catalyzes poly(A) degradation in vitro, even though this property has been questioned. Caf1 proteins are related to RNase D, a feature supported by the recently published structure of Pop2. Yeast Pop2 contains, however, a divergent active site while its human homologs harbor consensus catalytic residues. Given these differences, we tested whether its deadenylase activity is conserved in the human homologs Caf1 and Pop2. Our data demonstrate that both human factors degrade poly(A) tails indicating their involvement in mRNA metabolism.
Molecular analysis of a synthetic tetracycline-binding riboswitch
Authors: HANSON SHANE , BAUER GESINE , FINK BARBARA , SUESS BEATRIX
Published: March 2005

Riboswitches are newly discovered regulatory elements that consist solely of RNA, sense their ligand in a preformed binding pocket, and perform a conformational switch in response to ligand binding, resulting in altered gene expression. Regulation by a tetracycline (tc)-binding aptamer when inserted into the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of a reporter gene exhibits all characteristics of a riboswitch. Chemical and enzymatic probing reveals that the aptamer consists of two stems, P1 and P2, which are already present in the absence of tc and form the scaffold of the aptamer. They are separated by a bulge B1-2 and an opposing stem–loop (P3–L3). Tc-dependent changes in the probing pattern only appear in the upper part of the bulge B1–2 (nucleotides 9–13) and the loop L3. Saturating mutagenesis corroborates the involvement of these two regions in regulation. Structural probing of the mutant A55U, which contains a single-nucleotide exchange in loop L3 results in a changed probing pattern of the loop, but also of the opposing bulge B1–2. This denotes that both regions cooperate and form a composite binding pocket. Thus, our model for aptamer-mediated translational regulation is that the ligand-free aptamer has only marginal influence on translational initiation. Tc then leads to an intramolecular connection in a pseudoknot-like manner and turns the aptamer into its inhibitory form. This represents a new mechanism for riboswitch action clearly distinguished from currently known naturally occurring riboswitches, which function by sequestration of the ribosomal binding site, transcriptional attenuation, and ribozyme-mediated degradation.
Language, Race, and White Public Space
Authors: Hill Jane H.
Published: March 2005

White public space is constructed through (1) intense monitoring of the speech of racialized populations such as Chicanos and Latinos and African Americans for signs of linguistic disorder and (2) the invisibility of almost identical signs in the speech of Whites, where language mixing, required for the expression of a highly valued type of colloquial persona, takes several forms. One such form, Mock Spanish, exhibits a complex semiotics. By direct indexicality, Mock Spanish presents speakers as possessing desirable personal qualities. By indirect indexicality, it reproduces highly negative racializing stereotypes of Chicanos and Latinos. In addition, it indirectly indexes "whiteness" as an unmarked normative order. Mock Spanish is compared to White "crossover" uses of African American English. Finally, the question of the potential for such usages to be reshaped to subvert the order of racial practices in discourse is briefly explored.
"Race" and the Construction of Human Identity
Authors: Smedley Audrey
Published: March 2005

Race as a mechanism of social stratification and as a form of human identity is a recent concept in human history. Historical records show that neither the idea nor ideologies associated with race existed before the seventeenth century. In the United States, race became the main form of human identity, and it has had a tragic effect on low‐status "racial" minorities and on those people who perceive themselves as of "mixed race." We need to research and understand the consequences of race as the premier source of human identity. This paper briefly explores how race became a part of our culture and consciousness and argues that we must disconnect cultural features of identity from biological traits and study how "race" eroded and superseded older forms of human identity. It suggests that "race" ideology is already beginning to disintegrate as a result of twentieth‐century changes.
Alternative Methods for Measuring Energy Content in Winter Flounder
Authors: Plante Sébastien , Audet Céline , Lambert Yvan , Noüe Joël
Published: March 2005

Indices of energy reserves may represent interesting parameters that can be used as bioindicators in environmental studies. The goal of this study was to identify a water–energy model that could predict energy reserves in winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus. Winter flounder kept in captivity and fed different food types (either capelin Mallotus villosus or Atlantic herring Clupea harengus, amphipods Anonyx sarsi, and wet pellets) for 2, 5, and 14 months and wild fish captured in May, July, and October were used to show a large range in energy content. High levels of correlation were observed between water and energy contents in fish carcasses (r2 = 0.82) and muscle (r2 = 0.75). However, the biochemical composition of the liver remained relatively constant, despite changes in the hepatosomatic index. The condition factor (somatic weight/length3) was associated with energy reserves (i.e., water contents), but the coefficients of determination were smaller (0.18 < r2 < 0.34). We found that muscle water content, which can easily be determined, is an efficient way to accurately predict energy reserves in winter flounder.
Centrarchid Assemblages in Mississippi State-Operated Fishing Lakes
Authors: Olive J. A. , Miranda L. E. , Hubbard W. D.
Published: March 2005

We evaluated electrofishing catch per effort in 27 state-operated fishing lakes in Mississippi to identify patterns of centrarchid community composition and to determine whether those patterns were related to selected environmental characteristics and to artificial nutrient enrichment. Ordination with detrended correspondence analysis recognized two major axes accounting for 77% of the variability in species ordination. Axis 1 showed a distinct separation between the body sizes of various species. A notable exception was the density of small (<30 cm) largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, which aligned with the large individuals of other centrarchid species. This pattern suggested that through predation, high densities of small largemouth bass exerted significant control over the size structure of fish communities. Axis 2 separated species of crappies Pomoxis spp., suggesting that conditions other than strong species interactions also moderated the composition of crappies in the assemblages. However, neither lake morphometry nor watershed composition exhibited a major influence over axes 1 or 2. In small, intensively managed lakes with low habitat complexity, the regulatory importance of biotic interactions may overwhelm that of abiotic factors. Nutrient enrichment influenced community structure by changing the densities of bluegill Lepomis macrochirus and largemouth bass substantially but had a minor or no effect on other species. The management techniques used in these state-operated lakes are usually targeted toward a particular species without adequately considering the other species within the community. Our results show that attention to community-level interactions could provide valuable insight into factors that affect the quality of the fishery, insight that is not available through traditional population-level assessments.
Revisiting the 23 February 1892 Laguna Salada Earthquake
Authors: Hough Susan E. , Elliott Austin
Published: March 2005

According to some compilations, the Laguna Salada, Baja California, earthquake of 23 February 1892 ranks among the largest earthquakes in California and Baja California in historic times. Although surface rupture was not documented at the time of the earthquake, recent geologic investigations have identified and mapped a rupture on the Laguna Salada fault that can be associated with high probability with the 1892 event (Mueller and Rockwell, 1995). The only intensity-based magnitude estimate for the earthquake, M 7.8, was made by Strand (1980) based on an interpretation of macroseismic effects and a comparison of isoseismal areas with those from instrumentally recorded earthquakes. In this study we reinterpret original accounts of the Laguna Salada earthquake. We assign modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) values in keeping with current practice, focusing on objective descriptions of damage rather than subjective human response and not assigning MMI values to effects that are now known to be poor indicators of shaking level, such as liquefaction and rockfalls. The reinterpreted isoseismal contours and the estimated magnitude are both significantly smaller than those obtained earlier. Using the method of Bakun and Wentworth (1997) we obtain a magnitude estimate of M 7.2 and an optimal epicenter less than 15 km from the center of the mapped Laguna Salada rupture. The isoseismal contours are elongated toward the northwest, which is qualitatively consistent with a directivity effect, assuming that the fault ruptured from southeast to northwest. We suggest that the elongation may also thus reflect wave propagation effects, with more efficient propagation of crustal surface (Lg) waves in the direction of the overall regional tectonic fabric.
The tachocline and the solar dynamo
Authors: Gilman P. A.
Published: March 2005

The solar tachocline contains a rich variety of physics, and contributes in many ways to the workings of the solar dynamo. It includes complex quasi‐equilibrium states supported by the near balances of gas and magnetic pressure gradients, gravity, magnetic curvature stresses, Coriolis and other forces. The dynamics include overshooting convection, waves of several types, hydrodynamic and MHD instabilities on several spatial and temporal scales, several types of boundary layers and dynamo action. The dynamo processes present include the in situ generation of poloidal fields by global MHD and/or magnetic buoyancy instabilities; the advection of these poloidal fields by meridional circulation; the generation of toroidal fields from shearing by the differential rotation; and storage of these fields and their subsequent eruption into the convection zone. The tachocline probably also plays a significant role in creating magnetic patterns that are seen in the photosphere. This talk will of necessity focus on a subset of these topics, including particularly global MHD instabilities and whether we can see evidence of them in surface magnetic data, meridional circulation and the boundary layers that limit it, possible jets in the tachocline, and certain solar dynamo questions. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Topology and dynamics of abnormal granulation
Authors: Nesis A. , Hammer R. , Schleicher H.
Published: March 2005

We present a 2D spectroscopic time series of an abnormal granulation region and describe the formation and decay of structures, in particular the gradual restitution of a granulation‐like pattern. This behavior is discussed in relation to magnetoconvection. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Complex 1H,13C‐NMR relaxation and computer simulation study of side‐chain dynamics in solid polylysine
Authors: Krushelnitsky Alexey , Reichert Detlef
Published: March 2005

The side‐chain dynamics of solid polylysine at various hydration levels was studied by means of proton spin–lattice relaxation times measurements in the laboratory and tilted (off‐resonance) rotating frames at several temperatures as well as Monte Carlo computer simulations. These data were analyzed together with recently measured carbon relaxation data (A. Krushelnitsky, D. Faizullin, and D. Reichert, Biopolymers, 2004, Vol. 73, pp. 1–15). The analysis of the whole set of data performed within the frame of the model‐free approach led us to a conclusion about three types of the side‐chain motion. The first motion consists of low amplitude rotations of dihedral angles of polylysine side chains on the nanosecond timescale. The second motion is cis–trans conformational transitions of the side chains with correlation times in the microsecond range for dry polylysine. The third motion is a diffusion of dilating defects described in (W. Nusser, R. Kimmich, and F. Winter, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1988, Vol. 92, pp. 6808–6814). This diffusion causes almost no reorientation of chemical bonds but leads to a sliding motion of side chains with respect to each other in the nanosecond timescale. This work evidently demonstrates the advantages of the simultaneous quantitative analysis of data obtained from different experiments within the frame of the same mathematical formalism, providing for the detailed description of the nature and geometry of the internal molecular dynamics. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 78: 129–139, 2005

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
The Zirconium Alkoxide‐Catalyzed Aldol‐Tishchenko Reaction of Ketone Aldols
Authors: Schneider Christoph , Hansch Markus , Weide Timo
Published: March 2005

The aldol‐Tishchenko reaction of ketone aldols as enol equivalents has been developed as an efficient strategy to furnish differentiated 1,3‐anti‐diol monoesters in one step. The thermodynamically unstable ketone aldols undergo a facile retro‐aldolization to yield a presumed zirconium enolate in situ, which then undergoes the aldol‐Tishchenko reaction in typically high yields and with complete 1,3‐anti diastereocontrol. Evaluation of a broad range of metal alkoxides as catalysts and optimization of the reaction protocol led to a modified zirconium alkoxide catalyst with attenuated Lewis acidity and dichloromethane as solvent, which resulted in suppression of the undesired acyl migration to a large extent. Various ketone aldols have been prepared and subjected to the general process, giving rise to a broad range of differently substituted 1,3‐anti‐diol monoesters, which may be hydrolyzed to the corresponding 1,3‐anti‐diols.
Magnetostructural Studies on Ferromagnetically Coupled Copper(II) Cubanes of Schiff‐Base Ligands
Authors: Mukherjee Arindam , Raghunathan Rajamani , Saha Manas K. , Nethaji Munirathinam , Ramasesha Suryanarayanasastry , Chakravarty Akhil R.
Published: March 2005

Three cubane copper(II) clusters, namely [Cu4(HL′)4] (1), [Cu4L2(OH)2] (2), and [Cu4L2(OMe)2] (3), of two pentadentate Schiff‐base ligands N,N′‐(2‐hydroxypropane‐1,3‐diyl)bis(acetylacetoneimine) (H3L′) and N,N′‐(2‐hydroxypropane‐1,3‐diyl)bis(salicylaldimine) (H3L), are prepared, structurally characterized by X‐ray crystallography, and their variable‐temperature magnetic properties studied. Complex 1 has a metal‐to‐ligand stoichiometry of 1:1 and it crystallizes in the cubic space group P$\bar 4$3n with a structure that consists of a tetranuclear core with metal centers linked by a μ3‐alkoxo oxygen atom to form a cubic arrangement of the metal and oxygen atoms. Each ligand displays a tridentate binding mode which means that a total of eight pendant binding sites remain per cubane molecule. Complexes [Cu4L2(OH)2] (2) and [Cu4L2(OMe)2] (3) crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pccn and have a cubane structure that is formed by the self‐assembly of two {Cu2L}+ units. The variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility data in the range 300–18 K show ferromagnetic exchange interactions in the complexes. Along with the ferromagnetic exchange pathway, there is also a weak antiferromagnetic exchange between the copper centers. The theoretical fitting of the magnetic data gives the following parameters: J1=38.5 and J2=−18 cm−1 for 1 with a triplet (S=1) ground state and quintet (S=2) lowest excited state; J1=14.7 and J2=−18.4 cm−1 for 2 with a triplet ground state and singlet (S=0) lowest excited state; and J1=33.3 and J2=−15.6 cm−1 for 3 with a triplet ground state and quintet lowest excited state, where J1 and J2 are two different exchange pathways in the cubane {Cu4O4} core. The crystal structures of 2⋅6 H2O and 3⋅2 H2O⋅THF show the presence of channels containing the lattice solvent molecules.
Combined Structural Refinement of Bi3.5La0.5Ti3O12 Using Neutron and X‐Ray Powder Diffraction Data.
Authors: Jeon Min Ku , Kim Yong‐Il , Nahm Seung‐Hoon , Woo Seong Ihl
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Mesoporous Template Route to the Low‐Temperature Preparation of Efficient Green Light Emitting Zn2SiO4:Mn Phosphors.
Authors: Xiong Liangming , Shi Jianlin , Gu Jinlou , Li Liang , Huang Weimin , Gao Jianhua , Ruan Meiling
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Electrical Properties of Ag1‐xPb18SbTe20 (x: 0, 0.1, 0.3).
Authors: Kosuga Atsuko , Kurosaki Ken , Uno Masayoshi , Yamanaka Shinsuke
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Isothermal Section of the Phase Diagram of the La—Ni—Cu Ternary System at 673 K.
Authors: Liu Jingqi , Ma Fengquan , Zhuang Yinghong , Jiao Fangwei , Yan Jialing
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Water Splitting into H2 and O2 over Cs2Nb4O11 Photocatalyst.
Authors: Miseki Yugo , Kato Hideki , Kudo Akihiko
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Amine‐Templated Zinc Phosphates with a Temperature‐Induced Increase of Structural Dimensionality.
Authors: Jensen Torben R. , Gerentes Nicolas , Jepsen Josua , Hazell Rita G. , Jakobsen Hans J.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel Microporous Copper Silicate: Na2Cu2Si4O11×2H2 O.
Authors: Brandao Paula , Almeida Paz Filipe A. , Rocha Joao
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbon—Carbon Bond‐Forming 1,2‐Ligand Migration of Organoalanes.
Authors: Fillion Eric , Carson Rebekah J. , Trepanier Vincent E. , Goll Julie M. , Remorova Anna A.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Microwave‐Assisted Claisen Rearrangement on a Silica Gel Support.
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Mandal Kalyaneswar , Deb Ashoke Chandra , Banerjee Shaibal
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Allenyl Carbinols by the CBS Reduction in Nitroethane: Dramatic Solvent Effect for Reactivity and Enantioselectivity.
Authors: Yu Chan‐Mo , Kim Chunsan , Kweon Jae‐Hong
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ene Reactions of Acyl Nitroso Intermediates with Alkenes and Their Halocyclization.
Authors: Fakhruddin Ahmad , Iwasa Seiji , Nishiyama Hisao , Tsutsumi Kazuo
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation of Enantiopure Butane‐2,3‐diacetals of Glycolic Acid and Alkylation Reactions Leading to α‐Hydroxyacid and Amide Derivatives.
Authors: Ley Steven V. , Diez Elena , Dixon Darren J. , Guy Richard T. , Michel Patrick , Nattrass Gillian L. , Sheppard Tom D.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Enantiopure tert‐Butanesulfinamide from tert‐Butanesulfinyloxazolidinone.
Authors: Qin Yong , Wang Canhui , Huang Zhiyan , Xiao Xue , Jiang Yaozhong
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of (+)‐(1S,4R)‐1‐(1‐Chlorovinyl)‐7,7‐dimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan‐2‐one.
Authors: Vostrikov N. S. , Vasikov V. Z. , Spirikhin L. V. , Miftakhov M. S.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bismuth(III) Trifluoromethanesulfonate and Trifluoroacetate as Convenient and Efficient Catalysts for Regio‐ and Chemoselective Ring Opening of Epoxides in Reactions with Anilines.
Authors: Khosropour A. R. , Khodaei M. M. , Ghozati K.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Five‐Membered 2,3‐Dioxo Heterocycles. Part 48. Reaction of 3‐Aroyl‐ and 3‐Heteroyl‐2,4‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrolo[2,1‐c][1,4]benzoxazine‐1,2,4‐triones with 3‐Amino‐5,5‐dimethyl‐2‐cyclohexenone.
Authors: Mashevskaya I. V. , Duvalov A. V. , Tolmacheva I. A. , Aliev Z. G. , Maslivets A. N.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Evaluation of Chiral Bidentate Ligand—Metal Complexes in Asymmetric 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction of Nitrones with 3‐Alkenoyl‐2‐oxazolidinones.
Authors: Saito Takao , Yamada Takuya , Miyazaki Shingo , Otani Takashi
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 1‐Substituted Tetrazoles via the Acid‐Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Between Isocyanides and Trimethylsilyl Azide.
Authors: Jin Tienan , Kamijo Shin , Yamamoto Yoshinori
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Rapid and Efficient Protocol for the Synthesis of 4‐Chlorotetrahydropyrans Using Niobium(V) Chloride.
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Reddy B. V. Subba , Gupta Manoj Kumar , Biswas Swapan Kumar
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Isosteric N‐Arylpiperazine Replacements in a Series of Dihydropyridine NPY1 Receptor Antagonists.
Authors: Luo Guanglin , Mattson Gail K. , Bruce Marc A. , Wong Henry , Murphy Brian J. , Longhi Daniel , Antal‐Zimanyi Ildiko , Poindexter Graham S.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some New Fused Heterobicyclic Derivatives Containing 1,2,4‐Triazolo/1,2,4‐Triazinopyridinone Moieties.
Authors: Abdel‐Monem W. R.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Syntheses of 2,4,6‐Trisubstituted Pyrimidine Derivatives as a New Class of Antifilarial Topoisomerase II Inhibitors.
Authors: Katiyar Sanjay Babu , Bansal Iti , Saxena J. K. , Chauhan P. M. S.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cedkathryns A and B, Pentanortriterpenoids from Cedrelopsis gracilis (Ptaeroxylaceae).
Authors: Mulholland Dulcie A. , McFarland Katherine , Randrianarivelojosia Milijaona , Rabarison Harison
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
α‐1‐C‐Alkyl‐1‐deoxynojirimycin Derivatives as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Intestinal Isomaltase: Remarkable Effect of the Alkyl Chain Length on Glycosidase Inhibitory Profile.
Authors: Godin Guillaume , Compain Philippe , Martin Olivier R. , Ikeda Kyoko , Yu Liang , Asano Naoki
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Catharanthinol and Dihydrocatharanthinol: Two Iboga‐Class Alkaloids.
Authors: Moisan Lionel , Doris Eric , Rousseau Bernard , Thuery Pierre
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel and Convenient Synthesis of Coenzyme Q1.
Authors: Lu Liang , Chen Fener
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Biomimetic Synthesis of the Pyrrolobenzoxazine Core of Paeciloxazine.
Authors: Schwaebisch Dirk , Tchabanenko Kirill , Adlington Robert M. , Cowley Andrew M. , Baldwin Jack E.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
CVT‐4325: A Potent Fatty Acid Oxidation Inhibitor with Favorable Oral Bioavailability.
Authors: Zablocki Jeff A. , et al. et al.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Activity of New 2‐Substituted‐5‐[2‐(2‐fluorophenoxy)phenyl]‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles and 1,2,4‐Triazoles.
Authors: Almasirad Ali , Tabatabai Sayyed A. , Faizi Mehrdad , Kebriaeezadeh Abbas , Mehrabi Nazila , Dalvandi Afshin , Shafiee Abbas
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stable Propylphosphonic Acid Analogues of Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Possessing Inhibitory Activity on Geranylgeranyl Protein Transferase.
Authors: Macchia Macro , et al. et al.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Tryptamine‐Based Human β3‐Adrenergic Receptor Agonists. Part 2. SAR of the Methylene Derivatives.
Authors: Sawa Masaaki , Tateishi Hirotaka , Mizuno Kazuhiro , Harada Hiroshi , Oue Mayumi , Tsujiuchi Hiroshi , Furutani Yasuji , Kato Shiro
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
C—Fe—P (Carbon—Iron—Phosphorus)
Authors: Raghavan V.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Surface Chemistry of Transition Metal Carbides
Authors: Hwu Henry H. , Chen Jingguang G.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cyclotrimetallenes Consisting of Heavier Group 14 Elements: A New Unsaturated Small Ring System
Authors: Sekiguchi Akira , Lee Vladimir Ya.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pyridazines
Authors: Haider N. , Holzer W.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cyclazines
Authors: Tominaga Y.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Innovative Reactions Mediated by Zirconocene
Authors: Fujita Kazuya , Yorimitsu Hideki , Oshima Koichiro
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Azamacrocyclic Complexes and Their Application in Bioinorganic and Coordination Chemistry
Authors: Anda C. , Costas M. , Ribas X. , Xifra R. , Llobet A.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Ionic Hydrogen Bond
Authors: Meot‐Ner Michael
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of (S)‐2‐Aminooleic Acid and Other Bioactive Molecules Through Glutamate Semialdehydes
Authors: Constantinou‐Kokotou V. , Magrioti V. , Makridis T. , Kokotos G.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Representation and Use of Chemistry in the Global Electronic Age.
Authors: Murray‐Rust Peter , Rzepa Henry S. , Tyrrell Simon M. , Zhang Yong
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Spin—Spin Coupling Constants with HF and DFT Methods
Authors: Helgaker Trygve , Pecul Magdalena
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Usefulness of the nurse‐assisted screening and psychiatric referral program
Authors: Shimizu Ken , Akechi Tatsuo , Okamura Masako , Oba Akira , Fujimori Maiko , Akizuki Nobuya , Uchitomi Yosuke
Published: March 2005

BACKGROUND

Major depression and adjustment disorders are common psychiatric disorders in patients with cancer, but they are often overlooked in clinical oncology settings. The nurse‐assisted screening and psychiatric referral program (NASPRP) has been introduced in clinical practice to facilitate psychiatric treatment for major depression and adjustment disorders. This study assessed the usefulness of the NASPRP and compared it with usual practice.

METHODS

The program consists of two stages. In the first stage, consecutive patients newly admitted to the Oncology/Hematology Unit are administered the Distress and Impact Thermometer (DIT) by nurses as a brief screening tool for major depression and adjustment disorders. In the second stage, the nurses recommend psychiatric referral to patients with scores above the cutoff point. Patients' records were reviewed for a 3‐month period before the start of the program and during the 3‐month period after the start of the program. These records were then compared.

RESULTS

Of 157 patients newly admitted during the program period, 86.0% (135/157) completed the DIT and results were positive in 49.6% (67/135), but only 28.2% (19/67) accepted psychiatric referral. Ultimately, 11.5% (18/157) of patients newly admitted were diagnosed with major depression or adjustment disorders and treated by psychiatric service, a significantly higher proportion than during the preceding 3‐month period, before the program was begun (2.5%; P = 0.001).

CONCLUSION

The NASPRP enabled identification of major depression and adjustment disorders in patients with cancer and introduced them to psychiatric treatment. Nevertheless, there is room for improvement in the program. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Distribution of proteins associated with synaptic vesicle endocytosis in the mouse and goldfish retina
Authors: Sherry David M. , Heidelberger Ruth
Published: March 2005

Current models of synaptic transmission require retrieval of membrane from the presynaptic terminal following neurotransmitter exocytosis. Dynamin, a GTPase, is thought to be critical for this retrieval process. At ribbon synapses of retinal bipolar neurons, however, compensatory endocytosis does not require GTP hydrolysis, suggesting that endocytosis mechanisms may differ among synapses. To understand better the synaptic vesicle recycling at conventional and ribbon synapses, the distributions of dynamin and two associated proteins, amphiphysin and clathrin, were examined in the retinas of goldfish and mouse by using immunocytochemical methods. Labeling for dynamin, clathrin, and amphiphysin was distributed differentially among conventional and ribbon synapses in retinas of both species. Ribbon synapses of photoreceptors and most bipolar cells labeled only weakly for dynamin relative to conventional synapses. Amphyiphysin labeling was strong at many ribbon synapses, and labeling in rod terminals was stronger than in cone terminals in the mouse retina. Clathrin labeling was heterogeneous among ribbon synapses. Similarly to the case with amphiphysin, mouse rod terminals showed stronger clathrin labeling than cone terminals. Among conventional synapses, there was heterogeneous labeling for all three endocytic proteins. Some labeling for each protein might have been associated with postsynaptic terminals. The differential distribution of labeling for these proteins among identified synapses in the retina suggests considerable heterogeneity in the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic membrane retrieval, even among synapses with similar active zone ultrastructure. Thus, as with exocytosis, mechanisms of synaptic membrane retrieval may be tuned by the precise complement of proteins expressed within the synaptic terminal. J. Comp. Neurol. 484:440–457, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Statistical impulse response models for indoor optical wireless channels
Authors: Carruthers J. B. , Carroll S. M.
Published: March 2005

The indoor optical wireless channel is significantly different than the radio channel. Statistical propagation models developed for the radio channel, which characterize path loss, shadowing, and multipath fading, do not apply. In this paper, we investigate statistical modelling for the indoor optical wireless channel through the examination of the characteristics of a large set of channel impulse responses. The channel responses are generated using an estimation method based on geometrical modelling of indoor environments together with an iterative technique for calculating multiple reflections. We confirm prior studies showing that channels with line‐of‐sight paths must be modelled separately from those fully diffuse channels with no such path. We show that the distribution of the channel gain in dB for the LOS component follows a modified gamma distribution, and the channel gain in dB for LOS channels including all reflections follows a modified Rayleigh distribution for most transmitter–receiver distances. Similar results are described for distributions of channel gains of diffuse channels and for distributions of rms delay spreads. Finally, we describe a method for generating a statistically realistic impulse response given any transmitter–receiver separation in an indoor environment. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel core‐stateless ABR‐like congestion avoidance scheme in IP networks
Authors: Li Jung‐Shian , Liang Jing‐Zhi
Published: March 2005

We propose a novel explicit rate‐based congestion avoidance scheme. The scheme is similar to ATM available bit rate (ABR) services but its complexity is largely reduced to enable implementation in IP networks. In our proposed scheme, sources can adapt their sending rate according to network status. Adaptation of sending rates converges to max–min fairness with minimal rate guarantee. Furthermore, routers do not maintain per flow state; they use FIFO packet scheduling enhanced by an explicit rate feedback mechanism with estimations, including number of active flows, number of bounded flows and total bounded rate, based on a simple algorithm motivated by Bloom filter. We present and discuss simulations on the performance under various network conditions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GITR: a multifaceted regulator of immunity belonging to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily
Authors: Nocentini Giuseppe , Riccardi Carlo
Published: March 2005

Glucocorticoid‐induced TNFR‐related gene (GITR; TNFRSF18), a receptor belonging to the TNFR superfamily (TNFRSF), is activated by GITRL. GITR is expressed at low levels on resting responder T lymphocytes and is up‐regulated in T regulatory cells (Treg cells) and in activated T cells. GITRL is expressed in endothelial and antigen‐presenting cells. The cytoplasmic region of GITR has a striking homology with other TNFRSF members (4‐1BB, CD27, OX40) and binds TRAF molecules and Siva. Over recent years, the role of GITR in the development and in the pathophysiology of the immune system has been actively explored by several groups. GITR triggering induces both pro‐ and anti‐apoptotic effects, abrogates the suppressive activity of Treg cells and co‐stimulates responder T cells, with the latter activities over‐stimulating the immune system. In vivo, GITR activation causes development of autoimmune diseases and restores immune responses in a persistent retroviral infection model and in a tumor model. Intriguingly, GITR knockout mice demonstrate lower mortality in an ischemia model. The GITR‐GITRL system appears crucial in regulating immunity and warrants further study.
Open‐Framework Polar Compounds: Synthesis and Characterization ofRare‐Earth Polyoxometalates (C6NO2H5)2[Ln(H2O)5(CrMo6H6O24)]·0.5H2O (Ln = Ce and La)
Authors: An Haiyan , Xiao Dongrong , Wang Enbo , Li Yangguang , Wang Xinlong , Xu Lin
Published: March 2005

Two unprecedented open‐framework polar compounds (C6NO2H5)2[Ln(H2O)5(CrMo6H6O24)]·0.5H2O [Ln = Ce (1), La (2); C6NO2H5 = pyridine‐3‐carboxylic acid], constructed from Anderson‐type polyoxo anions and rare‐earth cations, have been synthesized for the first time and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and Raman spectroscopy, TG analysis, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Both compounds crystallize in the polar space group Pmn21 and are made up of [CrMo6H6O24]3– polyoxo anions linked by rare‐earth cations to form a fascinating 3D open framework with “guest” pyridine‐3‐carboxylic acid molecules and free water molecules residing in the channels. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first example of an open‐framework polar compound constructed from rare‐earth polyoxometalates. The magnetic properties of compound 1 have been studied by measuring its magnetic susceptibility in the temperature range 2.0–300.0 K, indicating the existence of antiferromagnetic interactions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Evolution of the Structural Parameters and Magnetic Properties in a Series of Di(μ‐hydroxy)bis(nitrilotriacetato)dichromium(III) Complexes
Authors: Novitchi Ghenadie , Costes Jean‐Pierre , Ciornea Victor , Shova Sergiu , Filippova Irina , Simonov Yurii A. , Gulea Aurelian
Published: March 2005

Four heterometallic complexes {Mg(H2O)6}[Cr2(μ‐OH)2‐(nta)2]·4 H2O (I), {Ca(H2O)3}[Cr2(μ‐OH)2(nta)2]·3 H2O (II), {Sr(H2O)3}[Cr2(μ‐OH)2(nta)2]·3 H2O (III) and {Ba(H2O)3‐dmso}[Cr2(μ‐OH)2(nta)2]·2 H2O (IV) containing dinuclear bis(μ‐hydroxo) chromium(III) complex ions, where nta is the nitrilotriacetate ligand and dmso is dimethyl sulfoxide, have been prepared and crystallographically characterised. Compound I displays an ionic type structure, II and III are 3D coordination polymers and IV behaves like a 2D coordination polymer. In these compounds, the chromium(III) dimeric unit exhibits different structural features. It forms a polymeric structure by coordination of alkaline earth metal ions and/or formation of hydrogen‐bonding interactions. The temperature dependencies of the magnetic susceptibilities of I–IV were fitted on the basis of the expression derived from the isotropic Hamiltonian including a biquadratic exchangeterm, Ĥ = –2J(1 2) – j(1 2)2. The values of the coupling interaction (J) range from –17.38 cm–1 to –5.80 cm–1 and the biquadratic terms (j) from +0.71 to 2.02 cm–1. The experimental and theoretical values of J (calculated, using the Glerup–Hodgson–Pedersen model) have been discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Hormaomycin Analogues by Precursor‐Directed Biosynthesis – Synthesis of and Feeding Experiments with Amino Acids Related to the Unique 3‐(trans‐2‐Nitrocyclopropyl)alanine Constituent
Authors: Kozhushkov Sergei I. , Zlatopolskiy Boris D. , Brandl Melanie , Alvermann Petra , Radzom Markus , Geers Bernardette , de Meijere Armin , Zeeck Axel
Published: March 2005

The deuterium‐labeled racemic 3‐(trans‐2‐nitrocyclopropyl)‐alanine (rac‐[D2]‐3) and 3‐(trans‐2‐aminocyclopropyl)alanine (rac‐[D2]‐4) as well as non‐labeled rac‐3‐[trans‐2‐(hydroxycarbonyl)cyclopropyl]alanine (rac‐5a) and rac‐3‐[trans‐2‐(methoxycarbonyl)cyclopropyl]alanine (rac‐5b) were prepared in 43, 18, 88 and 49 % overall yield, respectively, along a general synthetic route applying alkylations of the lithium enolate of tert‐butyl (diphenylmethylene)‐aminoacetate (O’Donnel’s glycine equivalent 11) as a key step. Feeding experiments with these amino acids and Streptomyces griseoflavus (strain W 384) revealed that rac‐[D2]‐3, rac‐5a and rac‐5b are incorporated to give hormaomycin 1b and its analogue 23, respectively, while rac‐[D2]‐4 is not. Feeding of rac‐2‐(trans‐2‐nitrocyclopropyl)glycine (rac‐6) unexpectedly gave the 5‐nitronorvaline‐containing hormaomycin analogues 25a–c. This is rationalized as arising from a cyclopropyl to homoallyl anion rearrangement followed by enzymatic hydrogenation of the double bond. These experiments provided new insights into the substrate specificity of the enzyme which assembles hormaomycin. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Microbial Baeyer–Villiger Oxidation of Prochiral Polysubstituted Cyclohexanones by Recombinant Whole‐Cells Expressing Two Bacterial Monooxygenases
Authors: Mihovilovic Marko D. , Rudroff Florian , Grötzl Birgit , Stanetty Peter
Published: March 2005

The microbial Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of prochiral 3,5‐dimethylcyclohexanones bearing various functionalities with recombinant E. coli cells overexpressing cyclohexanone monooxygenase from Acinetobacter sp. NCIMB 9871 and cyclopentanone monooxygenase from Comamonas sp. NCIMB 9872 has been investigated. A distinct difference in substrate specificity and stereoselectivity of the two enzymes was observed, and enantiocomplementary products were obtained in some cases. The biocatalytic systems enabled access to chiral lactones as valuable intermediates for the total synthesis of various natural compounds. Substituents with varying lipophilicity and hybridization have been prepared by a diastereoselective synthetic route and subsequently bio‐transformed for the investigation of conformational and electronic effects on the biooxidation,. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Thin‐Layer Cyclic Voltammetric and Scanning Electrochemical Microscopic Study of Antioxidant Activity of Ascorbic Acid at Liquid/Liquid Interface
Authors: Lu Xiaoquan , Hu Lina , Wang Xiaoqiang
Published: March 2005

An electron transfer reaction between ascorbic acid (H2A) in an aqueous solution and oxidizing agent in an organic solution immiscible with water has been studied by thin‐layer cyclic voltammetry (TLCV) for charge transfer at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES). As an antioxidant, H2A provide electrons through the aqueous/organic interface to reduce Fc+ and the procedure has been proved to be a one electron process again. In this work, the first combination of TLCV and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was achieved and showed a reasonable agreement between the results from the two different approaches. Otherwise, lower concentration ratios Kr of aqueous to organic reactants was adopted, which is given as evidence to the proposed procedure of Barker.