bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Modified CREATE Approach for Introducing Primary Literature Into Psychological Sciences Courses
Authors: Bozer Amber L. Harris
Published: March 2022

Background

Previous research has indicated positive changes in student perceptions of primary literature using the CREATE primary literature approach (a collection of guide tools for reading primary literature).

Objective

The objective of this research was to examine how a modification of the CREATE approach relates to student perceptions of primary literature and STEM career interest in psychological sciences courses.

Method

The CREATE approach was modified for use as a one-time project and assessed in (a) two course levels (introductory-level and senior level) and (b) two course deliveries (face-to-face and online). Participants filled out a survey with six factor perceptions of primary literature and STEM careers before and after project administration.

Results

After project completion, there was a significant increase in perceptions of primary literature (five of the six factors), but not STEM career interest.

Conclusion

There were significant increases over time (pre- to post-survey) in five of the six factors of perceptions of primary literature, but there was no change in the “thinking like a scientist” factor or STEM career interest.

Teaching Implications

This one-time project can concurrently be administered with textbook-based curriculum in online or face-to-face psychological sciences courses to introduce students to primary literature.
Give yourself a break: Self-compassion mediates insecure attachment and divorce maladjustment among Iranian women
Authors: Davarinejad Omran , Ghasemi Azin , Hall Scott S. , Meyers Lawrence S. , Shirzadifar Mehdi , Shirzadi Maryam , Mehrabani Arash Rahro , Rostami Tahereh Ramezanzadeh , Shahi Hassan
Published: March 2022

Research suggests that multiple psychological factors are associated with divorce adjustment (DA). However, the mechanisms by which these factors affect DA lack clarity. Accordingly, this study examined associations between attachment styles and divorce adjustment with self-compassion as a potential mediator. Cultural context of DA is considered. A total of 304 Iranian divorced women completed a series of self-rating questionnaires covering levels of adult attachment styles, self-compassion components, and indicators of divorce adjustment. Higher scores of attachment security and lower levels of attachment anxiety and avoidance were associated with higher levels of divorce adjustment and self-compassion, and higher levels of self-compassion were associated with better DA. Through Confirmatory Factor Analyses and Structural Equation Modeling, the trimmed model showed that self-compassion partially mediated attachment anxiety and fully mediated attachment avoidance as predictors of poorer divorce adjustment (or greater maladjustment, based on feelings of self-worth, grief, and self-anger subscales of DA). Self-compassion appears to be a key factor in how Iranian women adjusted to divorce, particularly those women with insecure adult attachment styles. Cultivating self-compassion could be an effective way to help counter negative attachment patterns. The role of Iranian cultural characteristics in perceptions and stress related to marriage and post-divorce adjustment is discussed.
The development of the ADO-SQ model to predict 1-year mortality in patients with COPD
Authors: Owusuaa Catherine , van der Leest Cor , Helfrich Gea , Heller-Baan Roxane , Loenhout CJ van , Herbrink Jacobine W , Nieboer Daan , van der Rijt Carin CD , van der Heide Agnes
Published: March 2022

Background:

Goals of end-of-life care must be adapted to the needs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who are in the last phase of life. However, identification of those patients is limited by moderate performances of existing prognostic models and by limited validation of the often-recommended surprise question.

Aim:

To develop a clinical prediction model to predict 1-year mortality in patients with COPD.

Design:

Prospective study using logistic regression to develop a model in two steps: (1) external validation of the ADO, BODEX, or CODEX models (A = age; B = body mass index; C = comorbidity; D = dyspnea; EX = exacerbations; O = airflow obstruction); (2) updating of best performing model and extending it with the surprise question. Discriminative performance of the new model was assessed using internal-external validation and measured with area under the curve (AUC). A nomogram and web application were developed.

Settings/participants:

Patients with COPD from five hospitals (September–November 2017).

Results:

Of the 358 included patients (median age 69.5 years, 50% male), 63 (17%) died within a year. The ADO index (AUC 0.73) had the best discriminative ability compared to the BODEX (AUC 0.71) or CODEX (AUC 0.68), and was extended with the surprise question. The resulting ADO-surprise question (SQ) model had an AUC of 0.79.

Conclusion:

The ADO-SQ model offers improved discriminative performance for predicting 1-year mortality compared to the surprise question, ADO, BODEX, or CODEX. A user-friendly nomogram and web application ( https://dnieboer.shinyapps.io/copd ) were developed. Further external validation of the ADO-SQ in patient groups is needed.
Geographical education I: fields, interactions and relationships
Authors: Puttick Steven
Published: March 2022

Complex global challenges, rapid shifts in the mediation and distribution of information, rising inequalities and a toxic milieu of low-quality public reasoning make geography education more important than ever. This first progress report explores the nexus of geography education research, geography education practice and scholarship and the geographies of education. Conceptualising the fields through expansive understandings positions this report in an optimistic space, highlighting significant opportunities for geography and its contribution to public reasoning through deepening collaborations and attending to tensions in education’s ‘shadow and shine’: tensions between its complicity in maintaining unjust hierarchies against its potential for emancipatory transformation.
Safety and tolerability of fremanezumab in patients with episodic and chronic migraine: a pooled analysis of phase 3 studies
Authors: Diener Hans Christoph , McAllister Peter , Jürgens Tim P , Kessler Yoel , Ning Xiaoping , Cohen Joshua M , Campos Verena Ramirez , Barash Steve , Silberstein Stephen D
Published: March 2022

Background

Fremanezumab, a fully humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively targets calcitonin gene-related peptide, has demonstrated efficacy for preventive treatment of episodic and chronic migraine. Since calcitonin gene-related peptide is expressed within the cardio- and cerebrovascular system and may have cardioprotective effects, it is critical to understand the cardio- and cerebrovascular safety of fremanezumab.

Methods

This was a pooled analysis of three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3, 12-week trials in which patients with episodic migraine or chronic migraine received quarterly fremanezumab, monthly fremanezumab, or placebo. Incidences of overall and serious adverse events were analyzed. Cardio- and cerebrovascular adverse events (CVAEs) were analyzed in subgroups stratified by cardio- and cerebrovascular medical history, cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), and use of cardio- and cerebrovascular medications or triptans.

Results

Two thousand, eight hundred and forty-two patients were included in the study. Overall (58–65%) and serious adverse events (<1–2%) occurred in similar proportions across fremanezumab and placebo groups. CVAEs were infrequent, regardless of cardio- and cerebrovascular medical history (2–6%). CVAEs occurred in low, similar proportions of patients with CVRFs and those using cardio- and cerebrovascular medications or triptans. No cardio- and cerebrovascular signals were identified.

Conclusion

Fremanezumab demonstrated a favorable overall and cardio- and cerebrovascular safety profile in more than 2800 patients with episodic migraine or chronic migraine, regardless of cardio- and cerebrovascular medical history, CVRFs, or medication use. Trial Registrations: NCT02629861 (HALO EM, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02629861 ), NCT02621931 (HALO CM, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02621931 ), NCT03308968 (FOCUS, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/ show/NCT03308968 )
The headache and aura-inducing effects of sildenafil in patients with migraine with aura
Authors: Butt Jawad H , S Eddelien Heidi , Kruuse Christina
Published: March 2022

Introduction

It has not been established if migraine headache and migraine aura share common pathophysiological mechanisms. Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, causes cGMP accumulation and provokes migraine-like headache in patients with migraine without aura. We investigated if sildenafil induced aura and migraine-like headache in patients with migraine with aura.

Methods

In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study, 16 patients with migraine with aura (of whom 11 patients exclusively had attacks of migraine with aura) received 100 mg sildenafil or placebo on two separate days. The development, duration, and characteristics of aura and headache were recorded using a questionnaire. The primary outcome was the incidence of migraine aura.

Results

Aura symptoms were induced in three patients (19%) after sildenafil and none after placebo (P < 0.001). After administration of sildenafil, 12 patients (75%) developed headache compared with two patients (12.5%) after placebo (Fisher’s exact test, P < 0.001). The headache in nine patients (56%) after sildenafil and one patient (6%) after placebo fulfilled the criteria for migraine-like attacks (Fisher’s exact test, P = 0.002). All patients, who fulfilled the criteria for migraine-like attacks, reported that the attack mimicked the headache phase during their usual migraine attacks.

Discussion

Sildenafil have a moderate migraine headache-inducing and a modest aura-inducing effect in patients with migraine with aura, even in those who exclusively experienced attacks of migraine with aura in their spontaneous attacks. These findings suggest that accumulation of cGMP by PDE5-inhibition do not play any significant role in the initiation of migraine aura and refute the hypothesis of sildenafil being a tool for pharmacological provocation of this phenomenon. These findings further support dissociation between the aura and the headache phase. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov – NCT02795351
Multi-objective crashworthiness optimization of CFRP/Al hybrid tube under transverse loading
Authors: Bai Cuiping , Zhou Tianjun , Ma Qihua , Gan Xuehui
Published: March 2022

This paper aimed to investigate the bending collapse and optimization of carbon fiber reinforced plastics/aluminum (CFRP/Al) hybrid tubes with different parameters through the three-point bending test. Based on the experimental tests, the transverse energy absorption of upon hybrid tubes was found to be higher than net aluminum tube, and the overall strain and internal failure mode of the CFRP/Al hybrid tube were observed by digital image correlation technology and X-ray computed tomography scan. The failure of outer CFRP and interaction between aluminum and CFRP was the main factor to improve loading capacity and energy absorption, and various parameters configuration of CFRP and aluminum are of their own benefits. Afterward, the validated numerical simulation model was carried out by correlating with the test results. Based upon the numerical simulation model, the parametric study and design optimization on the CFRP/Al hybrid tube (concerning the thickness of aluminum, ply angle, and layer number of CFRP) were further conducted systemically. It was found that the optimization results were θ = 15°, t = 1.65 mm, n = 3, which decreased the peak force ( F max) by 10.82%, mass is reduced by 13.0%, and specific energy absorption ( SEA) shows almost no change.
Planning Imagination and the Future
Authors: Hoch Charles
Published: March 2022

Research evidence from cognitive science documents how everyday thought actively composes imaginary blends of possible actions. These include plans that inform intentions and infer meaning about causes, norms, and effects. Recognizing the pragmatic functional features of imagination can help scholars and professional planners better understand their own practice. I explore how this evidence supports the insights of scholars like Myers and Forester who study what planners do and how plans work. Planning educators should treat spatial planning as more craft than science, more practical than precise, and more collaborative than solitary.
Compressive properties and failure behavior of photocast hydroxyapatite gyroid scaffolds vary with porosity
Authors: Isaacson Nelson , Lopez-Ambrosio Katherine , Chubb Laura , Waanders Nathan , Hoffmann Emily , Witt Connor , James Susan , Prawel David A
Published: March 2022

Hydroxyapatite is commonly used in tissue engineered scaffolds for bone regeneration due to its excellent bioactivity and slow degradation rate in the human body. A method of layer-wise, photopolymerized viscous extrusion, a type of additive manufacturing, was developed to fabricate hydroxyapatite gyroid scaffolds with 60%, 70%, and 80% porosities. This study uses this method to produce and evaluate calcium phosphate–based scaffolds. Gyroid topology was selected due to its interconnected porosity and superior, isotropic mechanical properties compared to typical rectilinear lattice structures. These 3D printed scaffolds were mechanically tested in compression and examined to determine the relationship between porosity, ultimate compressive strength, and fracture behavior. Compressive strength increased with decreasing porosity. Ultimate compressive strengths of the 60% and 70% porous gyroids are comparable to that of human cancellous bone, and higher than previously reported for hydroxyapatite rectilinear scaffolds. These gyroid scaffolds exhibited ultimate compressive strength increases between 1.5 and 6.5 times greater than expected, based on volume of material, as porosity is decreased. The Weibull moduli, a measure of failure predictability, were predictive of failure mode and found to be in the accepted range for engineering ceramics. The gyroid scaffolds were also found to be self-reinforcing such that initial failures due to minor manufacturing inconsistencies did not appear to be the primary cause of early failure of the scaffold. The porous gyroids exhibited scaffold failure characteristics that varied with porosity, ranging from monolithic failure to layer-by-layer failure, and demonstrated self-reinforcement in each porosity tested.
Correlates of Bystander Intervention Attitudes and Intentions Among Young Adult Active Duty Male Soldiers
Authors: Orchowski Lindsay M. , Berkowitz Alan , Oesterle Daniel , Berry-Cabán Cristobál , Borsari Brian , Kahler Christopher W. , Kazemi Donna M.
Published: March 2022

Sexual assault is a significant problem within the United States military. Bystander intervention skills training is recognized as a promising strategy for sexual assault prevention within both civilian and military populations. Sexual assault prevention programs which include training in bystander intervention teach individuals to notice situations that may pose a risk for harm and safely act to positively influence the outcome. This study examines correlates of bystander intervention attitudes and intentions among young adult active duty male soldiers (N = 282) between the ages of 18 and 24. Positive bystander intervention attitudes and intentions were associated with lower levels of rape myth acceptance, greater discomfort with sexism, lower likelihood of continuing an unwanted sexual advance after verbal resistance from a partner, greater likelihood of gaining verbal consent from a partner, and greater perceived peer approval for bystander intervention. In a multiple regression, perceived peer approval for bystander intervention and self-reported lower likelihood of continuing a sexual advance after verbal resistance from a partner emerged as significant predictors of positive bystander intervention attitudes and intentions (R2 = .41). Given that perceptions of peer norms are modifiable, these findings highlight the importance of addressing peer norms in bystander intervention training programs for military personnel.
The Incumbency Advantage during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Examining the 2020 Polish Presidential Election
Authors: Tatarczyk Dawid , Wojtasik Waldemar
Published: March 2022

This article analyzes how the 2020 Polish Presidential election was affected by the recent COVID-19 pandemic in the context of global democratic backsliding. Specifically, this article examines how the incumbency advantage of President Andrzej Duda was bolstered during the pandemic by the ruling Law and Justice party (PiS). Although PiS was unable to carry out every planned electoral manipulation, the party nonetheless helped Duda secure a second term in office in a historically close election. On the one hand, this article illustrates that while many of the tactics undertaken by PiS were within the limits of the letter of the law, its actions still undermined the spirit of Polish democracy. On the other hand, this article also contributes to the literature on democratic backsliding by underscoring the fact that the election in Poland was free and fair, which makes this regime qualitatively different from other cases in the region.
Barriers to Community Pharmacists Referring Patients With Suspected COVID-19 Symptoms
Authors: Bahlol Mohamed , Sum Zachary Z. , Dewey Rebecca Susan
Published: March 2022

Background: With the necessary skills available to community pharmacists, they are well equipped to relieve pressure on hospitals and general practices by providing referral services for symptomatic patients for COVID-19 testing. Objective: The assessment of potential barriers that limit the successful implementation of a community pharmacy referral service for patients with suspected COVID-19 symptoms. Methods: A questionnaire comprising of 100 questions was administered to one pharmacist by interview in 1023 working community pharmacies in 4 regions of Egypt between May 17 and May 30th 2020. Results: Forty-five barriers were identified. Respondents (79%, n = 803) had difficulty obtaining an accurate patient history. Patient data confidentiality was a significant issue for pharmacists who had not received referral training, with these respondents being significantly (P = .010) less able to differentiate between COVID-19 and similar conditions. Respondents (68.8%, n = 698) were not confident in determining whether COVID-19 was the cause of the patient’s presenting symptoms. A large majority (73.7%, n = 747) of respondents were worried about referring misdiagnosed patients and were concerned about the negative implications of proceeding with such a referral, including legal consequences. Of Respondents (71.7%, n = 727) reported that online referral was not easy, and 71.6% (n = 722) were unable to locate paper referral forms. Only a small number of pharmacists (11%, n = 112) preferred to report a referral in their own name. Conclusions: This study has demonstrated the potential of the community pharmacist’s role as a point of referral for COVID-19 testing, and identified some major barriers to implementation of this. The lack of pharmacists’ education, legal support, availability of referral forms, clarity of responsibility and unsupportive management teams are key obstacles that must be overcome for the successful implementation of a COVID-19 referral service.
Intravenous N-Acetylcysteine in Management of COVID-19: A Case Series
Authors: Chen Brandon , Raja Karan , Pierre-Louis Frantz , Patel Mitesh , Patel Ruben , Kang Soo , Daniel Nicole , Attalla Mark , Philips Mona
Published: March 2022

A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, was isolated from patients’ lower respiratory tracts in December 2019. As of May 19, 2021, there were over 33 million reported infections and almost 600,000 deaths in the United States. The infection, coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), can lead to cytokine storm, with elevations in interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and glutathione reductase. NF-kappaB activation is necessary for further transcription of other pro-inflammatory markers. Glutathione may play a role in modulation of NF-kappaB activation and elevated glutathione reductase may indicate glutathione depletion. Administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) may replenish spent glutathione and attenuate over-activation of NF-kappaB. This retrospective case series included 10 patients who were COVID-19 positive and received intravenous NAC in an attempt to attenuate the cytokine storm. Patients’ outcomes were graded based on the World Health Organization symptom severity scale from 0, no evidence of infection, to 8, death. Overall, the median WHO Scale prior to NAC was 6.5, and increased by day seven, which indicated clinical worsening. This retrospective case series showed no benefit of NAC; however, further studies are needed to elucidate if differences in drug regimens would lead to positive results.
Multimorbidity Patterns in US Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline and Their Relationship with Functional Difficulties
Authors: Liu Yixiu , Jiang Depeng
Published: March 2022

Objectives

This study identified different multimorbidity patterns among adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and examined their association with SCD-related functional difficulties.

Methods

Data were obtained from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Latent class analysis was applied to identify different patterns of chronic conditions. Logistic regression was implemented to examine relationships between multimorbidity patterns and risk of SCD-related functional difficulties.

Results

Five multimorbidity patterns were identified: severely impaired (14.6%), respiratory/depression (18.2%), obesity/diabetes (18.6%), age-associated (22.3%), and minimal chronic conditions group (26.3%). Compared with minimal chronic conditions group, severely impaired group was most likely to report SCD-related functional difficulties, followed by respiratory/depression and obesity/diabetes group.

Discussions

Individuals in the three multimorbidity groups had elevated risk of SCD-related functional difficulties compared with minimal chronic conditions group. Characteristics of the high-risk groups identified in this study may help in development and implementation of interventions to prevent serious consequences of having multiple chronic conditions.
Why are there so many hospital beds in Germany?
Authors: Brunn Matthias , Kratz Torsten , Padget Michael , Clément Marie-Caroline , Smyrl Marc
Published: March 2022

The place of hospitals in health systems is undergoing rapid change worldwide due to the high cost of hospital care and the changing health needs of the population. The Covid-19 pandemic has recently drawn public attention towards hospital capacity and has added new urgency to discussions on the future role of hospitals. In this context, recent experience in Germany provides valuable information for health systems seeking to manage hospital capacity. Despite reform efforts to reduce hospital capacity, Germany has the highest rates of intensive care beds among high-income countries and the highest overall hospital capacity in Europe. The capacity of the German hospital system can be explained in large part by the high number of elderly in-patients. This, in turn, is driven by (1) a fragmented ambulatory care system; (2) physicians admitting and maintaining elderly patients in hospital at a high rate; (3) a hospital market adding incentives to admit patients; and (4) a political commitment to egalitarian access and universal care. Additionally, recent policies to reduce hospital capacity have had limited impact because hospitals have not responded to financial incentives in the expected manner. Countries looking to learn from Germany’s hospital capacity must therefore consider systemic features, political commitments, and unintended policy consequences.
Reducing helicopter 1/rev vibration using extendable trailing-edge plate
Authors: Ji Xiaomiao , Yang Mao , Ning Chenxi
Published: March 2022

Due to manufacturing errors and wear, helicopter rotor blades are not completely similar resulting in significant 1/rev fuselage vibration. In practice, rotor track and balance (RTB) based on neural network is used to eliminate the 1/rev vibration. This greatly increases the maintenance workload and cannot adjust the 1/rev vibration in flight. In view of this, a new RTB approach, namely, extendable trailing-edge plate (TEP), is studied in the present paper. Since TEP extension changes the profile of the baseline airfoil, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculation is performed to study the aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil with the extendable TEP under different extension amounts. Combined with the aerodynamic characteristics of the extendable TEP airfoil, a comprehensive helicopter aeromechanic analysis program adapted to the extendable TEP mechanism is used to explore the effects of the extendable TEP on the 1/rev fuselage vibration and hub loads. In addition, by analyzing the hub loads and the acceleration of the fuselage caused by the extendable TEP device, the mechanism of action is studied. Results show that the adjustment method based on extendable TEP is able to reduce the 1/rev acceleration of the fuselage by up to 85%–95%, which is about 8% higher than that of neural network-based algorithm. Therefore, the extendable TEP has great potential in RTB (i.e., eliminating rotor inherent dissimilarity). In addition, the factors that affect the 1/rev vertical vibration level of the airframe under different flight conditions are different.
Anal and cervical human papillomavirus genotypes in women co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus: A systematic review
Authors: Paraná Victoria C , Souza Santos Davi , Barreto de Souza Silva Dhara Isabella , Lima Gabriela C , Gois Luana L , Santos Luciane Amorim
Published: March 2022

Human papillomavirus (HPV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are sexually transmitted. There are several HPV genotypes and clinical manifestations. Determining which genotypes circulate worldwide and/or in specific geographic areas can help with prevention programs and vaccine distribution. This systematic review aimed to investigate the most frequent anal and cervical HPV genotypes in women co-infected with HPV/HIV. The PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online, and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences databases were used to search for articles published between January 2015 and August 2021, and the included articles followed the defined selection criteria. Based on the 51 articles included, HPV16 was the most prevalent (41%) genotype, followed by HPV52 (17%) and HPV58 (14%). Based on the comparative analyses of the HIV-negative women with HPV and the HPV/HIV co-infected groups, HPV16 was frequent in both groups; HPV58, HPV31, and HPV52 were more frequent in the co-infected group; and HPV18 was more common in HIV-negative women with HPV. HPV/HIV co-infected women most frequently presented the HPV genotypes 16, 58, and 52, whereas HIV-negative women with HPV had a higher frequency of HPV16, HPV18, and HPV52 genotypes. The results indicate the importance of genotype surveillance as a strategy to improve preventive measures against HPV infection and its complications. International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) registration number: CRD42020220121.
The seroprevalence of COVID-19 in patients living with HIV in metropolitan Detroit
Authors: Gudipati Smitha , Lee Monica , Scott Megan , Yaphe Sean , Huisting Joanne , Yared Nicholas , Brar Indira , Markowitz Norman
Published: March 2022

Background

COVID-19, a novel respiratory illness caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a global pandemic. As of December 2020, 4.8% of the 941 people living with HIV in our Ryan White clinic have tested polymerase chain reaction positive for SARS-CoV-2. The aim of our study was to estimate the seroprevalence of COVID-19 in our Ryan White people living with HIV, irrespective of known past infection.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study that recruited people living with HIV in the Ryan White program at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan, from September 2020 through May 2021. All Ryan White patients were offered participation during clinic visits. After informed consent, patients completed a survey, and had blood sampled for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing.

Results

Of the 529 individuals who completed the written survey, 504 participants were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibody and 52 people living with HIV were COVID-19 immunoglobulin (Ig) G positive resulting in a seroprevalence of 10.3%. Among 36 persons with PCR-confirmed COVID-19, 52.8% were IgG negative. Inclusion of PCR positive but IgG-negative people living with HIV yields a COVID-19 infection prevalence of 14.1%.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that passive public health-based antibody surveillance in people living with HIV significantly underestimates past infection.
Urban alternative cultural production in Turin: An ecological community approach
Authors: Bertacchini Enrico Eraldo , Pazzola Giangavino , Puletti Francesco
Published: March 2022

From the ashes of the creative city paradigm, there is a growing awareness of the urban creative economy as an adaptive complex system of intertwined actors and institutions. Yet, especially in the European context, little attention has been given to understanding informal and alternative art spaces and venues that contribute to the vibrancy of the urban cultural scene. Drawing on the emerging creative and cultural ecology literature, the article proposes a conceptual and empirical framework to analyze alternative cultural production as an ecological community. After providing a conceptualization of distinct types of alternative cultural organizations, we investigate the economic, spatial, and relational structure of more than 50 art spaces in Turin, Italy, an industrial city that has experienced a radical urban transformation based on culture-led development strategies. Using both a quantitative and qualitative approach, our findings unveil a distinction between centers pursuing artistic specialization and those more oriented toward aggregating diversified cultural activities. The two types of organizations coexist within the community, but the difference in their mission and operation influences the organizational structure, the involvement in neighborhood revitalization, and features of the local network of collaborations. From a spatial perspective, while the centers tend to cluster in the main peripheral areas of social and urban transformation, the analysis points out possible different locational choices and spatial dynamics for the two types of organizations in distinct areas of commercial and real-estate-led transformation.
Source-Target Misalignment in Employees’ Destructive Voice Responses to Perceived Organizational and Supervisor Unfairness
Authors: Carson Jack E. , Mackey Jeremy D. , McAllister Charn P. , Walker H. Jack
Published: March 2022

Working people differentiate between their relationships with their organizations and their relationships with their supervisors. To better understand how these simultaneous relationships influence each other, we examined the effects of organizational unfairness on subordinates’ supervisor-directed destructive voice behaviors, as well as the effects of supervisor unfairness on subordinates’ organization-directed destructive voice behaviors. We examined supervisor organizational embodiment as a boundary condition and perceived obstruction as a mediating mechanism within these relationships. We tested the hypothesized model with an online survey study and an experimental vignette study. Study 1 indicated that organizational unfairness was positively and indirectly related to supervisor-directed destructive voice through perceived supervisor obstruction when supervisor organizational embodiment was higher rather than lower. Study 2 indicated that supervisor unfairness was positively and indirectly related to organization-directed destructive voice through perceived organizational obstruction when supervisor organizational embodiment was higher rather than lower. Although study results differed in the observed significance of organization-to-supervisor and supervisor-to-organization effects, together they demonstrate the importance of controlling for source-target aligned relationships when examining source-target misaligned effects, and extend source-target misalignment research by examining the effect of supervisor organizational embodiment as a moderator of misaligned supervisor- and organization-directed workplace unfairness perceptions and destructive voice behaviors.
A Model of Leadership Transitions in Teams
Authors: Marques-Quinteiro Pedro , van Dijk Hans , Peterson David R. , Adamovic Mladen , Buengeler Claudia , Santos Catarina M.
Published: March 2022

Teams with shared leadership arrangements are ubiquitous in twenty-first century organizations. Although transitions in leadership are a common and key feature of such teams, there is little insight into how and when leadership arrangements transition over time. Bridging the shared leadership and team adaptation literatures, we present a model of Leadership Transitions in Teams to describe the adaptive process through which teams intentionally modify the existing leadership arrangement. The basic assumption underlying this model is that leadership transitions occur when there is a mismatch between the team’s needs and its current leadership arrangement. Such a mismatch results from an anticipated or observed change. If it is anticipated, team members can democratically discuss and try out a new leadership arrangement, preventing mismatch and thus lowered team effectiveness. In contrast, if the mismatch has already occurred, teams are more likely to adopt a less democratic process—either a coalition-based or intervening-based process—to change the leadership arrangement in their team to counteract faltering team effectiveness. We propose that the ways in which leadership transition episodes can unfold and relate to team effectiveness will depend on the type (determined by the timing of the leadership transition episode in relation to the change), approach (determined by the extent to which there is consensus on if and how to change the leadership transition episode), and boundary conditions of leadership transition episodes. We advance an agenda for research on leadership transitions in teams and outline practical implications for teams with shared leadership structures.
Topological design of 2D periodic structures for anti-plane waves based on deep learning
Authors: Liu Chen-Xu , Yu Gui-Lan
Published: March 2022

A deep learning model is proposed to realize the topological design of 2D periodic structures for anti-plane waves. The influence of site conditions, namely soil parameters, on the design, is considered. The model is composed of a variational autoencoder (VAE) and an autoencoder (AE) with a pretrained decoder. Two types of datasets, Image Dataset and Physics Dataset, are used to train the VAE and the AE’s decoder, respectively. A large number of numerical simulations are performed to prove the reliability of the deep learning model designing topological configurations, and the correlation coefficient between the targeted and designed bandgaps reaches 0.998. Designs under different site conditions from soft soil to hard soil are realized satisfactorily by the proposed model, and multiple topological configurations are given for the same target under the same site condition, revealing the “one-to-many” nature of the design problem. The results show that the proposed deep learning model is smart, efficient, precise, stable, and universal.
Development and performance evaluation of an electromagnetic transducer with a tuned variable inerter
Authors: Takino Minoru , Asai Takehiko
Published: March 2022

This paper proposes a novel vibration energy harvesting device employing a tuned variable inerter. The inerter is a device that can produce an amplified inertial mass effect by ball screw or rack and pinion mechanisms. Originally, the inerter was developed for suspensions in automobiles, and various kinds of inerter technologies have been widely studied not only in structural control but also in energy harvesting so far. As an example of such devices, the tuned inertial mass electromagnetic transducer has been proposed, and its effectiveness as an energy harvesting device has been shown already. However, at the same time, previous studies suggested that further performance improvement is possible if the inerter is variable according to changes in disturbance conditions. Thus, in this research, a prototype which can change the value of the inerter is designed, and a system to change the inerter based on the dominant frequency detected online by the fast Fourier transform of the measured data is developed. Then, it is shown through experimental studies that the proposed device can improve the energy harvesting performance compared to the existing tuned inertial mass electromagnetic transducer for disturbances with varying dominant frequencies.
Approximation of dissipative systems by elastic chains: Numerical evidence
Authors: Bersani Alberto Maria , Caressa Paolo , dell’Isola Francesco
Published: March 2022

An old and debated problem in Mechanics concerns the capacity of finite dimensional Lagrangian systems to describe dissipation phenomena. It is true that Helmholtz conditions determine not-always verifiable conditions establishing when a system of n second-order ordinary differential equations in normal form (nODEs) be the Lagrange equations deriving from an nth dimensional Lagrangian. However, it is also true that one could conjecture that, given nODEs it is possible to find a ( n+ k)th dimensional Lagrangian such that the evolution of suitably chosen n Lagrangian parameters allows for the approximation of the solutions of the nODEs. In fact, while it is well known that the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) usually introduced for describing some dissipation phenomena do not verify Helmholtz conditions, in this paper, we give some preliminary evidence for a positive answer to the conjecture that a dissipative system having n degrees of freedom (DOFs) can be approximated, in a finite time interval and in a suitable norm, by an extended Lagrangian system, having a greater number of DOFs. The theoretical foundation necessary to formulate such a conjecture is here laid and three different examples of extended Lagrangians are shown. Finally, we give some computational results, which encourage to deepen the study of the theoretical aspects of the problem.
Sarcastic or Assertive: How Should Brands Reply to Consumers’ Uncivil Comments on Social Media in the Context of Brand Activism?
Authors: Batista Juliana Moreira , Barros Lucia S. G. , Peixoto Fabricia V. , Botelho Delane
Published: March 2022

Brands are increasingly embracing social activism and adopting positions on controversial issues, prompting some consumers to react by making uncivil comments on social media. How should brands reply to such incivility while maintaining their positions and protecting their reputations? Two common types of reply include either a sarcastic or an assertive tone, but the effects of these types of communication on consumers’ attitudes toward brands remain largely unexplored. Results from a series of five studies exploring different causes (LGBT+ phobia, sexism, and racial equity) show that consumers evaluate brands that reply using an assertive tone more favorably than those using a sarcastic tone, which can be partially explained by the perceived aggressiveness of sarcasm. Additionally, support for a brand's stance acts as a boundary condition on the effect the type of reply adopted by the brand has on consumer attitudes toward the brand. So, the more someone supports a brand's stance, the less their perception of aggressiveness will negatively influence their attitude to that brand. We discuss the implications of these findings for marketing theory and practice.
Impact of Upfront Chemotherapy on the Effect of Primary Tumour Resection for Asymptomatic Synchronous Colorectal Cancer With Unresectable Metastases: A Propensity-Score-Matched Cohort Analysis
Authors: Huang Lin , Wei Guixia , Chen Nan , Liu Jiewei , Wang Ziqiang , Yu Yongyang , Qiu Meng
Published: March 2022

Background:

It is controversial whether primary tumour resection (PTR) and the sequencing of chemotherapy and PTR are associated with the survival of patients with incurable stage IV colorectal cancer. This study aimed to explore the effects of PTR and the sequencing of chemotherapy and PTR on asymptomatic colorectal cancer with synchronous unresectable metastases (asmCRC).

Patients and Methods:

Patients with asmCRC were retrospectively identified from a single centre and categorised into 3 groups: PTR followed by chemotherapy (POC), upfront chemotherapy followed by PTR (UFC), and palliative chemotherapy (PC). The primary end points included median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Clinical features were analysed using χ2 test, while survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier test. Propensity-score matching (PSM) was performed when comparing survival between POC and UFC groups.

Results:

From 2008 to 2014, 255 patients were identified and included into the POC (n = 101), UFC (n = 40), and PC (n = 114) groups. The UFC and POC groups had significantly better median OS compared with the PC group (40.7 vs 16.3 months, P < .0001; 39.7 vs 16.3 months, P < .0001). Before PSM, the UFC group had better median PFS than the POC and PC groups (18.5 vs 9.7 months, P = .038; 18.5 vs 6.1 months, P < .0001). After PSM, UFC has better PFS than POC ( P = .038). And the UFC group did not have higher postoperative or preoperative morbidity compared with the POC group ( P = .235).

Conclusions:

Primary tumour resection could improve the survival of patients with asmCRC. Compared with POC or PC, UFC was associated with a better median PFS without significantly increasing preoperative or postoperative morbidity.
Membership and participation in independent local parties: Patterns and explanations
Authors: Angenendt Michael
Published: March 2022

Despite the rising electoral success of independent local parties in many European countries, empirical evidence about their members is still rare. Therefore, the study aims to answer three questions to reach new insights: Who are these members? Which incentives motivate them to join, and how is intra-party participation structured? Based on a cross-sectional postal survey in Germany, the results show that members of independent local parties and national parties have mostly the same socioeconomic background and thus differ from the average general population. Independent local party members join their organisations mainly to promote an apolitical style of local decision-making and facilitate local democracy. Within independent local parties, different types of participation are present; while some members are fully engaged, others are mainly involved as elected representatives in public office or interested in social exchange. The interplay of membership incentives, civic skills and individual resources explains the variation of intra-party participation, whereby membership incentives are the most powerful explanatory factor. This study shows that independent local parties represent an alternative for those who have joined national parties. Thus, they provide an essential linkage between citizens and the (local) political system.
The role of waiting area typology in limiting the spread of COVID-19: Outpatient clinics of Erbil hospitals as a case study
Authors: Mustafa Faris Ali , Ahmed Shayan Shero
Published: March 2022

In the post-healthcare context, protecting patients against pandemic diseases like COVID-19 has become designers' responsibility; the amount and effectiveness of change are unknown, particularly in terms of future design. This study explores the potential significance of waiting area typology within outpatient clinics in generating a healthy and therapeutic environment for patients and users in terms of social distancing, as well as whether there is a relationship between outpatient and the provision of social distancing. This study employed a quantitative approach based on space syntax theory, through four different syntactic maps (Isovist, Axial, Convex and Visibility Graph Analysis), to depict hospitals in Erbil city by adopting five outpatient layout typologies such as centralized and decentralized (linear, lobby, sectoral and mixed), through measuring wayfinding, accessibility, privacy, density and circulation as outpatient layout typology factors. Results identified that there is a clear effect of outpatient layout typology factors on providing social distancing especially in waiting areas, the decentralized outpatient layout represented by both sectoral and linear typologies is the most useful typology based on social distancing compared to others. Given the influential role of outpatient layout in providing a healthy and safe healing atmosphere with more social distancing for patients, research findings provide a useful resource for healthcare designers, particularly for waiting areas within outpatient clinics.
Tribological behavior of graphene-based friction composite tested on cryogenically treated cast iron
Authors: Ravikumar N , Tamilarasan TR , Rajendran R , Pragatheeswaran R
Published: March 2022

Enhancement of friction and wear performance is the basic requirement of a friction composite material, which primarily relies on the properties of ingredients and the type of counter disc. To meet the superior requirements of the tribological system, a new tribopair between graphene-based friction composite and cryogenic treated grey cast iron disc was designed in this work. Friction composites in the shape of a pin were made from solid lubricants—20 wt.% of molybdenum disulfide, 20 wt.% of graphite, and 10 wt.%, 15 wt.%, and 20 wt.% of graphene nanopowder. The prepared five friction composites are tested on the cryogenic treated grey cast iron disc and untreated disc in a pin-on-disc tribometer under dry state conditions, resulting in 10 different tribopairs. The tribological efficacy of the tribopairs was assessed and finally compared with the tribopair formed from a commercial brake pad. Results proved that the tribological performance of the tribopairs, namely 20 wt. % of graphene nanopowder—cryogenic treated grey cast iron disc and 15 wt.% of graphene nanopowder—cryogenic treated grey cast iron disc was superior compared to the other tribopairs. Thus, the addition of graphene nanopowder in the friction composite and cryogenic treatment of the grey cast iron disc significantly affects the overall friction and wear properties of the tribopairs. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs were used to characterize the friction composites surface and counter disc.