bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rasio Spermatozoa X:Y dan Kualitas Sperma pada Kambing Kacang dan Peranakan Ettawa
Authors: Bintara S
Published: March 2017

The objective of the study was to know the difference of X:Y spermatozoa ratio and sperm quality of Kacang and Ettawa-crossed breed goats. It was conducted at Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Science Universitas Gadjah Mada for three months, starting December 2009 to February 2010. Materials of the study were sperm collected from six two-year Ettawa-crossed breed goats weighing 31.5±2.2 kg and from six two-year Kacang goats weighing 18.0±2.1 kg. The sperm was collected using artificial vagina with frequency of twice a week for each goat and it was repeated eight times. The quality and quantity of the sperm was immediately evaluated by its volume, concentration, motility, viability and abnormality. To determine the ratio of X:Y spermatozoa, smear preparation was made and spermatozoa head was then measured using Scion Image software. The results of the measurement were used for identification of X or Y spermatozoa. Spermatozoa having bigger head than the average were identified as X and those having smaller head as Y. The result showed that the ratio of X:Y spermatozoa of Ettawa-crossed breed goats (50.6±1.8:49.4±1.8 %) was not significantly difference with that of Kacang goats
(49.7±1,7:50.3±1.7 %). Sperm volume of Ettawa-crossed breed goats (1.00±0.2 ml) was higher than that of Kacang goats (0.62±0.2 ml). Sperm concentration of Ettawa-crossed breed goats (2,865±431 million/ml) was not significantly difference compared to that of Kacang goats (2,840±383 million/ml). Spermatozoa motility of Ettawa-crossed breed goats (66.7±9.8 %) was higher (P<0.05) than that of Kacang goats (50.0±7.1 %). Spermatozoa viability of Ettawa-crossed breed goats (80.0±7.1 %) was higher (P<0.05) than that of
Kacang goats (67.5±9.4 %). Spermatozoa abnormality of Ettawa-crossed breed goats (8.2±3.3 %) was not significantly difference compared to that of Kacang goats (8.6±2.4 %). The study was concluded that the breeds of Ettawa-crossed breed and Kacang goats have indifferent ratio of X:Y spermatozoa, while the sperm volume, motility and viability of Ettawacrossed breed goats was better than that of Kacang goats.

Key words: XY spermatozoa, quality and quantity, Ettawa-crossed breed, Kacang.
Pengaruh Pemberian Susu Skim dengan Pengencer Tris Kuning Telur terhadap Daya Tahan Hidup Spermatozoa Sapi pada Suhu Penyimpanan 5ºC
Authors: Widjaya Nilawati
Published: March 2017

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of skim milk and Tris yolk
extender on the viability bovine spermatozoa at 5 ºC. This study used Simmental bull semen. The design used was Randomized Design Group (RAK) with 5 treatments and 5 groups of ejaculate. The treatments were: P0 = skim milk 100% without Tris yolk extender; P1 = 95% skim milk + 5% Tris yolk extender, P2 = 90% skim milk + Tris yolk extender 10%, P3 = skim milk 85% + Tris yolk extender 15%, P4 = skim milk 80% + Tris yolk extender 20%. The observed variables were the percentage of live spermatozoa and the motility of spermatozoa after storage for 2 days at 5ºC. Skim milk with Tris yolk extender affect the viability and motility of spermatozoa stored at 5ºC (P<0.01). Provision of extender up to 15% gave the best results and suppressed the decline in the viability of spermatozoa storaged for 2 days at 5ºC.

Key words: skim milk, spermatozoa, Tris yolk extender, viability
MODEL PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN HUKUM PELAKSANAAN CORPORATE SOSIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: , Pujiyono , , Jamal Wiwoho , , Triyanto
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is an obligation that imposed on a company under Article 74 of Law No. 40 Year 2007 regarding Limited Liability Company (UUPT). CSR implementation has some problems because of the lack of regulations (UUPT) that thera no sanctions for the companies that do not implement CSR. Currently, many companies that do not implement CSR maximally. So that the implementation of CSR is currently less of legal responsibility. Therefor, it is necessary to formulate a model of CSR’s accountability in order to fill the legal vacuum that occurs at this time in order to improve the welfare of society. This research used research and development / R&D method. The location of research consits of PT Pertamina Hulu Energi (PHE) in Jakarta and some companies in Surakarta. The data used is derived from the primary data from informants, while secondary data in the form of journals, papers, reports, results of previous studies and other relevant publications. The Instrument collecting data using interviews, questionnaires, focus group discussions (FGD) and literature study. For the analysis used qualitative analysis techniques.
Keywords : CSR, Legal responsibility, the welfare of society.

 

Abstrak
Tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan atau Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) merupakan kewajiban yang dibebankan kepada suatu perusahaan berdasarkan Pasal 74 Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas (UUPT). Pelaksanaan CSR masih menjadi persoalan karena belum adanya peraturan pelaksanaan dari UUPT tentang pengawasan dan sanksi bagi perusahaan yang tidak melaksanakan CSR. Saat ini banyak perusahaan hanya melakukan CSR secara suka-suka tanpa ada pedoman yang jelas. Sehingga pelaksanaan CSR saat ini kurang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara hukum. Untuk itu perlu dirumuskan model pertanggungjawaban pelaksanaan CSR guna mengisi
kekosongan hukum yang terjadi saat ini guna meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan (research and development / R&D). Lokasi penelitian meliputi PT Pertamina Hulu Energi (PHE) di Jakarta dan beberapa Perusahaan di Surakarta. Data yang dipergunakan yakni data primer berasal dari informan, sedangkan data sekunder berupa jurnal, makalah, laporan, hasil penelitian terdahulu dan publikasi lainnya yang relevan. Instrumen pengumpul data menggunakan wawancara, kuesioner, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dan studi kepustakaan. Untuk analisis digunakan teknik analisis kualitatif.
Kata kunci: CSR, Pertanggungjawaban Hukum, Kesejahteraan Masyarakat
KEDUDUKAN SERTA PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI PEMEGANG HAK PATEN DALAM KERANGKA HUKUM NASIONAL INDONESIA DAN HUKUM INTERNASIONAL
Authors: , Yoyon M Darusman
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Intellectual Property Rights as a part of property rights which belongs to human. The word property means ideas, creations, imaginations and thought. One of the intellectual property rights involves the field of industry (industrial property rights), especially related to technology which is called Invention, Based on legal perspective, it called as Patent. Patent is the exclusive rights which is given by the state to the inventor as the results of its invention in the field of technology, is given for a periode of time done by himself or appointed to other parties to do it. Then “Invention” is Inventor idea which is applicated in one activity of problem solving which specific in the field of technology, as a product, process, or improvement and development product or process. Then the Patent as one of the other Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) has the importance position to the respective holder and getting protection on national and international law.
Keywords: Position, Protection, Patent Holder

Abstrak
Hak Kekayaan Intelektual merupakan bagian dari pada hak kekayaan yang dimiliki oleh manusia. Kekayaan tersebut lahir karena adanya ide, kreasi, imajinasi dan pikiran. Salah satu kekayaan intelektual tersebut dapat dilihat dibidang industri. Khususnya yang berkaitan dengan teknologi yang dalam hal ini disebut dengan paten. Paten merupakan hak ekslusif yang diberikan oleh negara kepada Inventor atas hasil invensinya di bidang teknologi, yang untuk selama waktu tertentu melaksanakan sendiri invensinya tersebut atau memberikan persetujuannya kepada pihak lain untuk melaksanakannya. Selanjutnya invensi adalah ide inventor yang dituangkan ke dalam suatu kegiatan pemecahan permasalahan yang spesifik di bidang teknologi, dapat berupa produk atau proses, atau penyempurnaan dan pengembangan produk atau proses. Sebagai salah satu dari Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (HKI), paten memeliki kedudukan yang
sangat penting bagi pemiliknya serta mendapatkan perlindungan dalam kerangka nasional maupun internasional.
Kata Kunci: Kedudukan, Perlindungan, Pemegang Hak Paten
PERLINDUNGAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA TERHADAP PEKERJA DOMESTIK DI INDONESIA
Authors: , Dede Kania
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Historically, domestic workers has been around a long time. Their domestically roles made them often underestimated. However, the legal protection they are still very concerned, even until now Indonesia has no law regarding the protection of domestic workers, because domestic workers act of Indonesia has not been enacted. Whereas legal protection to domestic workers is urgent considering the number of cases of abuse and violence against domestic workers, particularly female domestic workers, without any handling or legal process well. Therefore, the authors are interested in examining how the application of the theory of gender equality and inquity for domestic workers act. This research results: Firstly, the bill is needed to protect of domestic workers. Secondly, A worker of either sex is the same as other workers must be paid a fair wage and good treatment as a dignified human being. Thirdly, The aim of this act should be the process of formalizing the PRT even though the workings area of domestic workers are in domestic area.

Key words: domestik workers, human rights,  legal protection

 Abstrak

Secara historis, pekerja rumah tangga telah ada sejak lama. Peran mereka di dalam ranah domestik membuat mereka sering diremehkan. Namun, perlindungan hukum mereka masih sangat kurang, bahkan sampai sekarang Indonesia tidak memiliki Undang-undang perlindungan pekerja rumah tangga. Perlindungan hukum bagi pekerja rumah tangga sangat mendesak keberadaannya mengingat jumlah kasus pelecehan dan kekerasan terhadap pekerja rumah tangga, terutama PRT perempuan, semakin bertambah. Oleh karena itu, penulis tertarik untuk meneliti bagaimana penerapan teori kesetaraan dan keadilan gender bagi pekerja rumah tangga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Pertama, Indonesia sangat memerlukan UU untuk melindungi atau pekerja rumah tangga, sehingga RUU PRT mendesak untuk segera diundangkan. Kedua, Seorang pekerja baik perempuan maupun laki-laki mempunyai kedudukan yang sama, sehingga harus mendapatkanhak- haknya dengan baik sebagai manusia yang bermartabat. Ketiga, harus ada Formalisasi PRT walaupun kerja bidang pekerja rumah tangga berada di wilayah domestik tetapi hak-haknya sebagai pekerja harus diakui dan disamakan dengan pekerja di wilayah publik.

Kata Kunci: Pekerja Rumah tangga, hak asasi manusia, perlindungan hukum
URGENSI PENGATURAN REKLAMASI PANTAI DI WILAYAH PESISIR SELATAN MADURA
Authors: , Rina Yulianti , , Mufarrijul Ikhwan , , Nurus Zaman
Published: March 2017

Abstract

This research aims to get the characteristic of the reclamation land tenure, inventorying policies related to the reclamation and legal regulation models of reclamation in Madura. This empirical legal research results that the most of land tenure reclaimed comes from the head of village permission. Policies of the reclamation in fact sectoral even though fourth districts having local regulation on spatial planning. Local regulation about reclamation is needed for coordination and synchronization between central and local authorities, for supporting Act No. 27 Year 2007 about Coastal Management Areas and Small Islands, also Presidential Regulation No. 122 year 2012 about Reclamation.

Key words : Regulation, Reclamation, Coastal

 Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan karakteristik penguasaan hak atas tanah hasil reklamasi, inventarisir kebijakan terkait reklamasi dan rumusan model pengaturan hukum reklamasi di Madura. Hasil penelitian hukum empiris ini mendapati bahwa kebanyakan penguasaan tanah hasil reklamasi berasal dari ijin yang diberikan oleh Kepala Desa. Kebijakan terkait pelaksanaan reklamasi masih bersifat sektoral meskipun keempat kabupaten telah mempunyai Peraturan Daerah tentang RTRW. Diperlukan “Peraturan Daerah” tentang reklamasi untuk menciptakan koordinasi dan sinkronisasi antara kewenangan pusat dan daerah. Peraturan Daerah tentang reklamasi ini untuk mendukung pelaksanaan UU nomor 27 tahun 2007 tentang Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil, juga Peraturan Presiden tentang reklamasi.

Kata Kunci : Pengaturan, Reklamasi, Pantai
IMPLIKASI UU NOMOR 6 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG DESA TERHADAP KEWENANGAN DESA
Authors: , Kushandajani
Published: March 2017

Abstract

The main problem in this study was how the social significance of the existence of Desa autonomy regulation through the Law No. 6 of 2014. The existence of new regulation must be influence to desa’s order, especially in local authority, Because of the local authority is the most important thing in local organization like Desa.The specific question tried to be answered in this study whether the Law could serve, integrate, and organize the local authority in Desa. The result of this research indicate three points. First, local authority existing that called “hak asal usul desa” coexist with local community and desa government. Second, the field of local authority as organization the governance of desa, implementation of the building of desa, and commmunity development will blossom out in the future depend on the needs of local community.Finally, design of local authority based on the Law No. 6 of 2014 can integrate and organize the local authority, if the national government still commit and consist to recognize the local authority whatever Desa has.

Kata kunci: local authority, local community, state law, recognition.

 Abstrak

Masalah utama dalam studi ini adalah bagaimana implikasi berlakunya UU No. 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa terhadap kewenangan desa. Kewenangan desa yang dimaksud adalah kewenangan desa yang berasal dari hak asal usul dan kewenangan lokal berskala desa, karena kedua bentuk kewenangan desa tersebutlah yang merupakan ruh otonomi desa. Hasil riset menunjukkan bahwa desa tidak bisa diperlakukan sama sebagaimana memperlakukan daerah kabupaten, karena hakekat otonomi desa berbeda dengan otonomi daerah. Kabupaten dibentuk sebagai pelaksana desentralisasi, yang melaksanakan sebagian kewenangan yang diberikan oleh Pusat. Desa berbeda, karena memiliki kewenangan yang berasal dari hak asal usul, bukan pemberian dari pusat. Otonomi desa sudah ada jauh sebelum republik ini berdiri, dan meski didesain ulang berkali-kali melalui kebijakan pusat tentang desa , namun otonomi desa tetep eksis, salah satunya adalah dengan keberadaan kewenangan hak asal usul yang melekat pada status sosial kepala desa dan pamong desa , apapun nama dan penyebutannya, serta tercermin dari perilaku masyarakat desa yang menjunjung tinggi kehidupan sosial budayanya.Pada akhirnya desain tentang kewenangan desa diajukan sebagai bagian dari solusi, yang mencoba mewadahi dua konstruksi tentang kewenangan desa, dimana kewenangan desa eksisting masuk dalam “wadah” yang dikonstruksi UU No. 6 Tahun 2015 tentang Desa, namun dengan semangat diterapkannya taat azas yaitu azas rekognisi, dimana pemerintah pusat dan daerahmengakui apapun kewenangan yang saat ini dilaksanakan oleh desa.

Kata kunci: kewenangan desa, hukum negara, hak asal usul desa, kewenangan lokal berskala desa, asas rekognisi.
PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PERENCANAAN DAN PENGANGGARAN APBD DI KABUPATEN BANGKALAN
Authors: , Safi , , Indien Winarwati , , Erma Rusdiana
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Background of this research is the rapid growth Bangkalan of the post-operational Suramadu bridge which have significant impact on increasing local income. Increased of local revenues must be increase the welfare of society, therefore development sourced from the budget should be oriented in various aspects leading to the nation's independence. Unfortunately, society is still not maximal to use of channels of participation in budgeting. This study uses legal research empirical or socio-legal research, interview and observation is used to obtain primary data in the form of public participation in the budgeting process in Bangkalan. The result of this research is interpretation about Bangkalan development is only on physical form, the Bangkalan society is not maximized in using the existing channels as participation in the preparation and budget planning.

Keywords: Participatory Budgeting, Regulatory Model Policy, Society, Budgets

 
 Abstrak

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi berkembang pesatnya Bangkalan pasca operasionalisasi Jembatan Suramadu yang tentunya juga membawa dampak signifikan terhadap meningkatnya pendapatan daerahnya. Meningkatnya pendapatan daerah sudah seharusnya meningkatkan pula kesejahteraan masyarakatnya, oleh karena itu pembangunan yang bersumber dari APBD harus berorientasi dalam berbagai aspek menuju pada kemandirian bangsa. Sayangnya masyarakat masih belum maksimal menggunakan saluran partisipasi penganggaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum empiris atau yang biasa di sebut sebagai sosio legal research, wawancara mendalam serta observasi digunakan untuk mendapatkan data primer berupa partisipasi masyarakat terhadap proses penganggaran di Kabupaten Bangkalan. Penelitian ini mendapatkan hasil bahwasanya masyarakat di Bangkalan masih memaknai pembangunan hanya dalam bentuk fisik, masyarakat belum maksimal dalam menggunakan saluran yang ada sebagai bentuk partisipasi dalam penyusunan dan perencanaan APBD.

Kata Kunci : Partisipatory Budgeting, Model Pengaturan Kebijakan, Masyarakat, APBD
KAJIAN TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH DALAM PEMBERIAN SUBSIDI DI SEKTOR PERUMAHAN
Authors: , Dora Kusumastuti
Published: March 2017

Abstrak

 Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perkembangan kebijakan subsidi di bidang perumahan di Indonesia, dan untuk mengetahui kendala-kendala yang menghambat pembangunan perumahan bersubsidi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif, yaitu penelitian yang dilakukan dengan cara meneliti data sekunder (pustaka) terdiri dari :bahan hukum primer; bahan hukum sekunder. Dalam penelitian hukum normatif, data yang telah terkumpul, baik melalui inventarisasi bahan- bahan hukum primer maupun penyelusuran bahan sekunder, dilakukan content analysis yang kemudian diolah menjadi premis- premis umum tentang norma-norma umum dalam peraturan subsidi di   bidang
yang tersusun dari dua buah pernyataan (premis mayor dan premis minor) dan sebuah kesimpulan. Kesimpulan:1)pemberian subsidi terhadap masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah ini diharapkan akan mewujudkan masyarakat khususnya masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah untuk memiliki rumah; 2) rendahnya tingkat serapan terhadap perumahan bersubsidi.

Kata kunci : Kebijakan perumahan, subsidi perumahan,
PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE SEBAGAI LANDASAN DALAM MERUMUSKAN KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK
Authors: , Emmy Latifah
Published: March 2017

Abstract

This study aims to explore on how to formulate and what should be considered in formulating the precautionary principle within public policy in order to generate appropriate and effective public policy. Precautionary principle is one of the important principles in International Law, particularly in International Environmental Law. This principle implies caution (prudence) in the face of new challenges, especially in the development of technology. Caution is not understood as an unwillingness to act or lack of courage to face new challenges, but on the contrary, the caution conduct is needed for the policy maker to make activity contain potential danger to the public but at the same time that danger is not understood because

Keywords: precautionary principle, public policy

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana cara merumuskan dan apa saja yang harus dipertimbangkan dalam merumuskan precautionary principle dalam kebijakan publik agar menghasilkan kebijakan publik yang tepat dan efektif. Precautionary principle menjadi salah satu prinsip yang penting di dalam perkembangan Hukum Internasional, khususnya Hukum Lingkungan Internasional. Prinsip ini mengandung makna kehati-hatian dalam menghadapi tantangan baru salah satunya berupa perkembangan teknologi. Sikap kehati-hatian ini bukan dipahami sebagai ketidakmauan untuk bertindak atau kurangnya keberanian untuk menghadapi tantangan baru, namun sebaliknya, sikap kehati-hatian bagi para perumus kebijakan publik diperlukan untuk membuat keputusan yang tepat mengenai suatu produk atau kegiatan khusus di mana di dalamnya terdapat kecurigaan bahwa produk atau kegiatan tersebut mengandung potensi bahaya bagi masyarakat luas namun di waktu yang sama bahaya tersebut belum dimengerti karena belum adanya bukti-bukti ilmiah.

Kata kunci: precautionary principle, kebijakan publik.
Recent Advances in Multiaxis Control and Multitasking Machining
Authors: Nakamoto Keiichi ,   Tokyo University Agriculture and Technology, Takeuchi Yoshimi ,   Chubu University, Aichi, Japan
Published: March 2017

This paper presents an overview of recent advances in multiaxis control and multitasking machining, the machine tools’ kinematic configurations, and the supporting and cutting technologies used for complex form shaping. The functions of the metal cutting machine tools have been expanded to meet high productivity and high accuracy requirements for machining complicated and difficult parts on a single machine. Among these functions, the increase in the number of controlled axes and the multitasking capability in one chucking process enable machine tools to manufacture complex products efficiently. The historical background and application field of machine tools are discussed, mainly by taking examples from turning- and milling-based machining. Then, research challenges to improve machining results are introduced. This paper also presents examples of the latest cutting technologies and the current status of related supporting technologies.
Effects of the Length of Stay on the Cost of Total Knee and Total Hip Arthroplasty from 2002 to 2013
Authors: Molloy Ilda B. , Martin Brook I. , Moschetti Wayne E. , Jevsevar David S.
Published: March 2017

Background:

Utilization of total knee and hip arthroplasty has greatly increased in the past decade in the United States; these are among the most expensive procedures in patients with Medicare. Advances in surgical techniques, anesthesia, and care pathways decrease hospital length of stay. We examined how trends in hospital cost were altered by decreases in length of stay.

Methods:

Procedure, demographic, and economic data were collected on 6.4 million admissions for total knee arthroplasty and 2.8 million admissions for total hip arthroplasty from 2002 to 2013 using the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample, a component of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Trends in mean hospital costs and their association with length of stay were estimated using inflation-adjusted, survey-weighted generalized linear regression models, controlling for patient demographic characteristics and comorbidity.

Results:

From 2002 to 2013, the length of stay decreased from a mean time of 4.06 to 2.97 days for total knee arthroplasty and from 4.06 to 2.75 days for total hip arthroplasty. During the same time period, the mean hospital cost for total knee arthroplasty increased from $14,988 (95% confidence interval [CI], $14,927 to $15,049) in 2002 to $22,837 (95% CI, $22,765 to $22,910) in 2013 (an overall increase of $7,849 or 52.4%). The mean hospital cost for total hip arthroplasty increased from $15,792 (95% CI, $15,706 to $15,878) in 2002 to $23,650 (95% CI, $23,544 to $23,755) in 2013 (an increase of $7,858 or 49.8%). If length of stay were set at the 2002 mean, the growth in cost for total knee arthroplasty would have been 70.8% instead of 52.4% as observed, and the growth in cost for total hip arthroplasty would have been 67.4% instead of 49.8% as observed.

Conclusions:

Hospital costs for joint replacement increased from 2002 to 2013, but were attenuated by reducing inpatient length of stay. With demographic characteristics showing an upward trend in the utilization of joint arthroplasty, including a shift toward younger population groups, reduction in length of stay remains an important target for procedure-level cost containment under emerging payment models.
Oral and Intravenous Tranexamic Acid Are Equivalent at Reducing Blood Loss Following Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Kayupov Erdan , Fillingham Yale A. , Okroj Kamil , Plummer Darren R. , Moric Mario , Gerlinger Tad L. , Della Valle Craig J.
Published: March 2017

Background:

Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic that has been shown to reduce blood loss and the need for transfusions when administered intravenously in total hip arthroplasty. Oral formulations of the drug are available at a fraction of the cost of the intravenous preparation. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to determine if oral and intravenous formulations of tranexamic acid have equivalent blood-sparing properties.

Methods:

In this double-blinded trial, 89 patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty were randomized to receive 1.95 g of tranexamic acid orally 2 hours preoperatively or a 1-g tranexamic acid intravenous bolus in the operating room prior to incision; 6 patients were eventually excluded for protocol deviations, leaving 83 patients available for study. The primary outcome was the reduction of hemoglobin concentration. Power analysis determined that 28 patients were required in each group with a ±1.0 g/dL hemoglobin equivalence margin between groups with an alpha of 5% and a power of 80%. Equivalence analysis was performed with a two one-sided test (TOST) in which a p value of <0.05 indicated equivalence between treatments.

Results:

Forty-three patients received intravenous tranexamic acid, and 40 patients received oral tranexamic acid. Patient demographic characteristics were similar between groups, suggesting successful randomization. The mean reduction of hemoglobin was similar between oral and intravenous groups (3.67 g/dL compared with 3.53 g/dL; p = 0.0008, equivalence). Similarly, the mean total blood loss was equivalent between oral and intravenous administration (1,339 mL compared with 1,301 mL; p = 0.034, equivalence). Three patients (7.5%) in the oral group and one patient (2.3%) in the intravenous group were transfused, but the difference was not significant (p = 0.35). None of the patients in either group experienced a thromboembolic event.

Conclusions:

Oral tranexamic acid provides equivalent reductions in blood loss in the setting of primary total hip arthroplasty, at a greatly reduced cost, compared with the intravenous formulation.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Relationship Between ACL Femoral Tunnel Position and Postoperative MRI Signal Intensity
Authors: Lee Se Min , Yoon Kyoung Ho , Lee Sang Hak , Hur Dong
Published: March 2017

Background:

The purpose of this study was to find the ideal femoral tunnel position in single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) by comparing clinical scores, stability of the knee joint, and graft signal intensity on follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We hypothesized that positioning the femoral tunnel near the anteromedial bundle or center would lead to better results in terms of clinical outcomes and graft signal intensity on follow-up MRI than would positioning the tunnel near the posterolateral bundle.

Methods:

Two hundred patients underwent arthroscopic single-bundle ACL reconstruction with a soft-tissue graft; all patients had the same surgeon, surgical technique (anteromedial transportal technique), and rehabilitation protocol. Each patient underwent 3D-CT within 1 week after the operation and MRI at 1 year after the operation. Outcomes were evaluated in terms of clinical scores and the stability of the knee joint. We classified patients into three groups based on the femoral tunnel position: the anteromedial position group, the posterolateral position group, and the center position group. We evaluated graft signal intensity on follow-up MRI.

Results:

This study included 77 patients: 25 patients in the anteromedial position group, 15 patients in the posterolateral position group, and 33 patients in the center position group. Four patients had an eccentric tunnel position and were excluded. The 3 groups did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) in preoperative demographic characteristics. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between groups in clinical outcomes. However, patients in the anteromedial position group and in the center position group had better graft signal intensity on follow-up MRI than those in the posterolateral position group.

Conclusions:

Positioning the femoral tunnel near the anteromedial bundle and center led to better graft signal intensity on follow-up MRI in anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction than did positioning the femoral tunnel near the posterolateral bundle. There were no differences in clinical scores or stability of the knee joint among the three groups.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Evaluating Internal Fixation Skills Using Surgical Simulation
Authors: Burns Geoffrey T. , King Brandon W. , Holmes James R. , Irwin Todd A.
Published: March 2017

Background:

Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is an essential skill for an orthopaedic surgeon, yet teaching its components to surgical residents poses challenges in both complexity and cost. Surgical simulation has demonstrated efficacy and is now a mandated component of residency programs, but the techniques and resources required for effective simulation vary greatly. We hypothesized that simulation of ORIF skills could be accomplished in a cost-effective, quantifiable, and reproducible manner and that this experience coupled with didactic learning would increase skill proficiency and enhance ORIF performance.

Methods:

Sixteen postgraduate-year-1 orthopaedic surgery interns were assessed on performance of ORIF simulation tasks before and after attending a module designed to introduce and practice internal fixation techniques. Simulation tasks addressed drilling accuracy via oblique drilling through polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cylinders and bisecting wooden dowels and plunge control via drilling through layered boards of varying densities. Fracture fixation simulation involved fixing oblique fractures on synthetic ulnae. Task performance was assessed at 3 time points: immediately before the module, 1 week after the module, and 3 months after the module. Fracture fixation was assessed before and after the module via load-to-failure testing. Success rates for the tasks were analyzed using a repeated-measures analysis of variance, and mechanical properties of the fixed ulnar constructs were compared using paired t tests.

Results:

In all ORIF simulation tasks, pre-module to post-module improvement in success rates was significant (p < 0.001) and improvements were maintained between the post-module assessment and the 3-month follow-up. The interns also achieved significantly greater strengths in their ulnar fixation constructs, with a mean improvement of 256 N (p = 0.01) after the module.

Conclusions:

These results indicate that the technical and sensorimotor skills relevant to internal fixation (with emphasis on the specific skill of using a drill) can be significantly augmented and retained in the short term in surgical residents after exposure to faculty-led lecture and hands-on skills practice using low-cost materials.

Clinical Relevance:

This study provides evidence for an effective, accessible method of enhancing and assessing surgical skills in training.
Spanning Bridge Plate Fixation of Distal Radial Fractures
Authors: Lauder Alexander , Hanel Douglas P.
Published: March 2017

➢ Dorsal spanning bridge plate fixation offers an option for the surgical treatment of distal radial fractures in the setting of metaphyseal bone loss or diaphyseal extension, complex injuries requiring extensive soft-tissue and osseous reconstruction, or severe osteoporosis. It is also a salvage option after distal radial nonunion.

➢ Reduction is performed with use of ligamentotaxis. The plate is fixed from the radial shaft to either the second or third metacarpal, spanning the wrist joint for the duration of fracture-healing, and is removed after fracture consolidation (at approximately 3 months).

➢ Surgical fixation to the second metacarpal may increase the risk of damage to the radial sensory nerve, whereas fixation to the third metacarpal may increase digital extensor tendon friction with the plate.

➢ There is currently no evidence-based recommendation whether to preferentially affix the plate to the second or third metacarpal. Both options may offer advantages based on the fracture pattern.

➢ The functional outcomes and complications associated with this technique are similar to those associated with other methods of fixation of distal radial fractures.
Bi-amino surface functionalized polyoxometalate nanocomposite as an environmentally friendly catalyst: synthesis and dye degradation
Authors: Mahmoodi Niyaz Mohammad , Oveisi Mina , Alina Asli Mokhtar , Rezvani Mohammad Ali , Valipour Amin
Published: March 2017

In this paper, cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticle was modified by N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl amine. Polyoxometalate was immobilized on the modified bi-amino surface functionalized nanoparticle to prepare the environmentally friendly catalyst nanoparticle (EFCN). The synthesized EFCN was characterized using Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. The EFCN was used for photocatalytic dye degradation. Acid Red 18 and Direct Red 81 were used as model dyes. The effect of catalyst dosage, dye concentration and salt on dye degradation was studied. Dye degradation increases by catalyst dosage. The results showed that decolorization followed a zero-order kinetic model.
Water, The Centre of Life
Authors: Baby Mandumpal Jestin
Published: March 2017

The ever increasing demand for clean water has prompted the world to
consider water scarcity in a serious way. Some regions in the world are already at the
brink of war over the ownership of major water resources, and it is feared that the
situations may become worse. The marginalised people living in the impoverished
regions of the world are struggling to obtain clean water, non−availability of which
puts their life in utmost misery. Despite the fact that technological innovation provides
some solution to this matter, water’s growing demand surpasses what technology can
offer. A joint approach unifying various facets of human life is necessary to overcome
the issue, and hence they are discussed in detail. It must be appreciated that several
organisations including the U. N., representing all nations around the globe, is taking
proactive steps to curb this problem by setting up various committees to study the
matter in depth and taking appropriate measures to decentralise the resources to all.
With the development of robust computer simulation methods, and water models, it is
now possible to study water at microscopic level. Together with state−of−the−art
experimental techniques the properties of water can be unravelled further. This is
expected to have tremendous impact upon improving the quality of water refinement
process since most of them are fundamentally of a chemical nature.
Experimental Tools for Microanalysis of Water
Authors: Baby Mandumpal Jestin
Published: March 2017

A wide range of experimental techniques has been developed and applied for
investigating matter at high resolution. Scattering experiments are considered as
powerful tools for structure elucidation of liquids including normal water and
supercooled water. Employing techniques such as Differential Scanning Calorimetry
(DSC), one can record the temperature of phase changes, the glass transition
temperature. Quasi Elastic Neutron Scattering (QENS) spectral analysis suggests
distinct relaxation behaviour of diffusive motions of water molecules. Nuclear
Magnetic Spectroscopy (NMR) is very useful tool in elucidating molecular structures
of systems including liquids and aqueous solutions. By Compton Scattering and NMR
techniques, estimation of average number of hydrogen bonds has been achieved to a
considerable level of accuracy. Extensive studies have been made on water clusters
using a sophisticated spectroscopic technique namely Far Infra−Red
Vibration−Rotation−Tunneling (VRT) spectroscopy. Optical Kerr Spectroscopy has
been employed to investigate the relaxation process at femtosecond and picosecond
levels. Properties such as compressibility and diffusion coefficient have been
experimentally measured by simple capillary tube techniques. Electron microscopic
techniques have become invaluable tools to obtain high resolution of molecular
structure materials. Electron microscopic techniques equipped with better resolution
can yield further information regarding the microstructure of materials including
liquids.
Water Between Its Freezing and Boiling Points
Authors: Baby Mandumpal Jestin
Published: March 2017

Structural elucidation of water is so fundamental in understanding its roles
as a solvent as well as a reagent in facilitating multifarious chemical reactions. The
internal structure of water molecule is very “simple” to explain yet the physical and
chemical properties of this liquid remains to be elusive in spite of tremendous
theoretical and experimental efforts till date. Several propositions have been made in
order to account for water structure, in particular its enigmatic hydrogen bonding
environment that accounts for its exceptional properties. The concept of uniform
distribution of tetrahedral network in water has been emerged from various
experimental investigations. Water structure as equilibria of large number of clusters
formed by varying number of water molecules has also been proposed based on
computer simulations and Raman spectroscopy. Percolation model provides a
quantitative picture of hydrogen bonding in liquids. The nature of hydrogen bond is
dynamic in nature, spurring sporadic changes in its local structure, which can
effectively be probed by various spectroscopic and scattering techniques. Local
structure of water molecules is influenced by thermodynamic changes, most notably in
temperature and density. Both computational experimental findings reveal that density
plays a vital role in determining average number of hydrogen bonds a water monomer
can have across wide temperature domain. More importantly, water undergoes a
cascade of morphological changes upon alteration in temperature, which is still a
fascinating subject for many researchers.
Supercooled & Glassy Water
Authors: Baby Mandumpal Jestin
Published: March 2017

The roles of two low temperature and non−crystalline forms of water,
(supercooled and glassy water) are very pivotal in supporting the existence of several
microorganisms below 0°C, although they are very metastable with respect to the stable
crystalline form of water, ice. In the supercooled regime, the hydrogen bond lifetime of
a single hydrogen bond and water clusters are found to be significantly higher than in
higher temperatures. Diffusion coefficient and configurational entropy show a distinct
maximum at density 1.15g/cm3. Two inter−convertible forms of supercooled water,
known as Low Density Liquid (LDL) and High Density Liquid (HDL), are found to
coexist at temperatures below the freezing point of water. If water is cooled at very fast
rate, it becomes glassy, the most profound form of water in the universe, bypassing the
formation of ice. Polyamorphism is one of the characteristics observed in glassy water.
Glass transition temperature in water has sparked debate in the scientific community.
Different experimental procedures as well as water models produced varying values for
the glass transition temperatures in water. It has been experimentally monitored and
computationally simulated the transition between the two glassy phases of water, HDA
and LDA. The transition is terminated at a critical point, according to Liquid−Liquid
Critical Point (LLCP) theory. The concept of strong and fragile glasses is very
powerful tool in furthering our understanding of the dynamics of glassy materials. It is
interesting to note that a transition from strong to fragile occurs in water.
Notes on status and distribution of Combretum pilosum Roxb. ssp. razianum (K. G. Bhat) Chakrab. & P. G. Diwakar
Authors: A.* Sujana K. , A. Pramanik
Published: March 2017

A critical taxonomic note provided on Combretum pilosum Roxb. ssp. razianum (K. G. Bhat) Chakrab. & P. G. Diwakar with detailed description, illustrations, distribution and conservation status.
Effect of H.pylori and Cag-A on the infertility among males
Authors: Ahmed Berwary Najat Jabbar
Published: March 2017

Among infertility factors, the immunological factor that associated with humoral immunity against sperm antigens is one of the causes of human infertility. A hypothesis for the induction of anti-sperm antibodies (ASA) is the cross-reactivity of spermatozoa antigens and exogenous antigens including; bacteria, viruses, fungi and allergens. The presence of anti-sperm Ab, anti-H.pylori and Cag-A and its effect on infertility among male and female have been found. In the current study, 129 male and 38 females (18-59 years) participated. Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) used for detection of ASA, anti-H.pylori Ab and Cag A. The seminal fluid examination test was performed according to an examination and processing of human semen. H.pylori infection can be observed among both of infertile male and females who participated in this study. A significant difference in mean values was observed between the presence of ASA, anti-H.pylori Ab and Cag-A (P-value < 0.000). P-value < 0.000 also observed between Cag A and ASA according to the trauma of testes. The result of the current study showed that about one of a third of males who participated in this study have a history of a microbial infection that can lead to the destruction of testes barrier thus result in the production of auto-antibodies against sperms.
Повышение точности определения компенсации примесей в чистом, слабокомпенсированном германии по величине поля пробоя
Authors: Банная В.Ф.
Published: March 2017

Показано, что измерение поля электрического пробоя Enp в классически сильном магнитном поле (H) при T=4.2 K позволяет определять величину степени компенсации K в чистом германии с K<50% значительно точнее, чем при H=0. Введен параметр S=Enp/H и рассчитана его зависимость S =f(K), полученная кривая позволяет определить K, если известны H и Enp. Для уменьшения сопротивления образцов рекомендуется проводить измерения при наличии примесной подсветки. Показано, что при малых интенсивностях такого возбуждения величина Enp не меняется. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.03.44197.8315
Атомная конфигурация и зарядовое состояние водорода на дислокациях в кремнии
Authors: Высотский Н.В. , Лошаченко A.С. , Вывенко О.Ф.
Published: March 2017

Исследовалось влияние введения водорода на колебательные спектры и электрофизические свойства образцов с дислокационными сетками (ДС) на интерфейсе сращенных пластин кремния. Для увеличения чувствительности измерений и выделения сигнала ДС в спектрах комбинационного рассеяния использовались образцы в виде стандартных тонких фольг, применяемых в просвечивающей электронной микроскопии. В образцах с дислокационными сетками был зарегистрирован пик комбинационного рассеяния 2000 см-1, который сохранялся после отжига при T=500oC и не наблюдался в контрольных образцах. Сопоставление экспериментальных данных с имеющимися теоретическими расчетами позволило приписать обнаруженный пик к H0 в центре Si-Si связи, который является метастабильным в идеальной решетке, но стабилизируется в окрестности дислокации. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.03.44198.8378
Вольт-амперные характеристики высоковольтных 4H-SiC p-=SUP=-+-=/SUP=--n-=SUB=-0-=/SUB=--n-=SUP=-+-=/SUP=--диодов в режиме лавинного пробоя
Authors: Иванов П.А. , Потапов А.С. , Самсонова Т.П. , Грехов И.В.
Published: March 2017

Изготовлены 4H-SiC p+-n0-n+-диоды с однородным лавинным пробоем при напряжении 1860 В. В лавинном режиме измерены импульсные вольт-амперные характеристики диодов до плотности тока 4000 А/см2. Показано,что напряжение лавинного пробоя растет при повышении температуры. Определены лавинное сопротивление диодов (8.6· 10-2 Ом·см2), скорость дрейфа электронов в n0-базе при полях выше 106 В/см (7.8· 106 см/c), относительный температурный коэффициент напряжения пробоя (2.1·10-4 K-1). DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.03.44214.8385
AlN/GaN-гетероструктуры для нормально закрытых транзисторов
Authors: Журавлев К.С. , Малин Т.В. , Мансуров В.Г. , Терещенко О.Е. , Абгарян К.К. , Ревизников Д.Л. , Земляков В.Е. , Егоркин В.И. , Парнес Я.М. , Тихомиров В.Г. , Просвирин И.П.
Published: March 2017

Рассчитана конструкция AlN/GaN гетероструктур со сверхтонким AlN-барьером для нормально закрытых транзисторов. Развита технология молекулярно-лучевой эпитаксии in situ пассивированных гетероструктур SiN/AlN/GaN с двумерным электронным газом. Продемонстрированы нормально закрытые транзисторы с максимальной плотностью тока около 1 А/мм, напряжением насыщения 1 В, крутизной до 350 мС/мм, пробивным напряжением более 60 В. В транзисторах практически отсутствуют эффекты затворного и стокового коллапса тока. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.03.44215.8287
Структурные и оптические свойства нанонитей карбида кремния, полученных высокотемпературной карбидизацией кремниевых наноструктур
Authors: Павликов А.В. , Латухина Н.В. , Чепурнов В.И. , Тимошенко В.Ю.
Published: March 2017

В процессе высокотемпературной карбонизации пористого кремния и кремниевых нанонитей получены нитевидные структуры карбида кремния (SiC) с диаметрами 40-50 нм, которые были исследованы методами сканирующей электронной микроскопии, рентгеновской дифракции, комбинационного рассеяния света и спектроскопии инфракрасного отражения. Данные рентгеноструктурного анализа и спектроскопии комбинационного рассеяния света свидетельствуют, что в исследованных образцах доминирует кубический политип 3C-SiC. Форма спектра инфракрасного отражения в области полосы остаточных лучей 800-900 см-1 указывает на присутствие свободных носителей заряда. Обсуждается возможность использования полученных нанонитей SiC в устройствах микроэлектроники, фотоники и газовой сенсорики. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.03.44219.8370
Особенности электронной структуры и спектральных характеристик соединения Gd-=SUB=-5-=/SUB=-Si-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-
Authors: Князев Ю.В. , Лукоянов А.В. , Кузьмин Ю.И.
Published: March 2017

Представлены результаты исследований электронной структуры и оптических свойств гексагонального интерметаллического соединения Gd5Si3. Проведены спин-поляризованные расчеты зонного спектра в приближении локальной электронной плотности с учетом сильных электронных корреляций в 4f-оболочке иона Gd (метод LSDA + U). В интервале длин волн 0.22- 15 mum методом эллипсометрии определены оптические постоянные соединения, рассчитан ряд спектральных характеристик. На основе рассчитанной плотности электронных состояний анализируется поведение частотной зависимости оптической проводимости в области квантового поглощения света. Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ФАНО России (тема "Электрон", N 01201463326) при частичной поддержке РФФИ (проекты N 15-52-45009 и 16-52-48012), проекта 15-8-2-4 Комплексной программы РАН. А.В.Л. благодарит за поддержку Правительство Российской Федерации (постановление N 211, контракт N 02.А03.21.0006) и стипендиальную программу Президента РФ СП-226.2015.2. DOI: 10.21883/FTT.2017.03.44147.295