bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Out‐of‐band transaction pool sync for large dynamic blockchain networks
Authors: Boskov Novak , Chen Xingyu , Simsek Sevval , Trachtenberg Ari , Starobinski David
Published: March 2024

Synchronization of transaction pools (mempools) has shown potential for improving the performance and block propagation delay of state‐of‐the‐art blockchains. Indeed, various heuristics have been proposed in the literature to incorporate early exchanges of unconfirmed transactions into the block propagation protocol. In this work, we take a different approach, maintaining transaction synchronization externally (and independently) of the block propagation channel. In the process, we formalize the synchronization problem within a graph theoretic framework and introduce a novel algorithm (SREP—set reconciliation‐enhanced propagation) with quantifiable guarantees. We analyze the algorithm's performance for various realistic network topologies and show that it converges on static connected graphs in a time bounded by the diameter of the graph. In graphs with dynamic edges, SREP converges in an expected time that is linear in the number of nodes. We confirm our analytical findings through extensive simulations that include comparisons with MempoolSync, a recent approach from the literature. Our simulations show that SREP incurs reasonable bandwidth overhead and scales gracefully with the size of the network (unlike MempoolSync).
Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein expression in female WAS carriers: A flow cytometry study from North India
Authors: Basu Suprit , Rikhi Rashmi , Arora Kanika , Joshi Vibhu , Sharma Saniya , Rawat Amit , Singh Surjit , Suri Deepti
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare X‐linked inborn error of immunity characterized by microthrombocytopenia, infections, eczema, and increased predisposition to develop autoimmunity and malignancy. Flow cytometric assay for determining WAS protein (WASp) is a rapid and cost‐effective tool for detecting patients. However, very few studies described WASp expression in female carriers. Most WAS carriers are clinically asymptomatic. Active screening of female family members helps identify female carriers, distinguish de novo mutations, and to select appropriate donor prior to curative stem cell transplantation. This study was undertaken to evaluate the diagnostic capability of flow cytometry‐based WASp expression in peripheral blood cells to identify carriers and compare WASp expression in different blood cell lineages.

Patients and methods

Female patients, heterozygous for WAS gene, were enrolled in this study conducted at Pediatric Allergy Immunology Unit, Advanced Pediatric Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. Flow cytometric assessment of WASp expression in lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils was carried out and compared with healthy control and affected patients. The results were expressed in delta (Δ) median fluorescence intensity (MFI) as well as stain index (SI), which is the ratio of ΔMFI of patient and ΔMFI of control.

Results

Thirteen mothers and two sisters of genetically confirmed WAS patients were enrolled in the study. All enrolled females were clinically asymptomatic and did not have microthrombocytopenia. Low WASp expression (SI < 1) was seen in lymphocytes and monocytes in 10 (66.6%) carriers. Females with variants in proximal exons (exons 1 and 2) were found to have lesser expression than those with distal (exons 3–12) variants.

Conclusion

Flow cytometry is a rapid, easily available, cost‐effective tool for WASp estimation. Lymphocytes followed by monocytes are the best cell lineages for WASp estimation in carrier females. However, genetic testing remains the gold standard, as carrier females with variants in distal exons may have normal WASp expression.
Greenly building strong interactions between epoxy and carbon fiber fabric via vapor assisted ozone
Authors: Dong Yujie , Qu Yan , Zhang Jianye , Qin You , Cai Jiayao , Ren Jianguo , Zhao Chunyuan , Li Zixiong , Li Zeyang , Zhong Bingwei , Wang Qi , Tan Huabing , Zheng Yaxuan , Liu Yaqing
Published: March 2024

To enhance the performance of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), it is crucial to establish robust interactions between epoxy and carbon fiber fabric (CFF). Herein, CFF was treated by an optimized H2O2/H2O/O3 oxidation method. The chemical and physical properties of the treated CFFs were meticulously characterized. For comparison, CFF, O3 treated CFF, and H2O/O3 treated CFFs were also examined. It was found that H2O2/H2O/O3 oxidized CFF more effectively than either O3 or H2O/O3. Reactive O groups were extensively grafted onto the surface of the H2O2/H2O/O3 oxidized CFF, leading to an increase in surface energy. Additionally, numerous defects were introduced on the surface of the H2O2/H2O/O3 oxidized CFF, significantly enhancing its surface roughness. Consequently, the interlaminar shear strength of H2O2/H2O/O3 oxidized CFF reinforced epoxy composite reached 63.31 ± 2.50 MPa, which is 43.3% higher than that of CFF reinforced epoxy composite. The fracture surface morphology and differential scanning calorimetry studies confirmed the presence of strong interfacial chemical interactions, while the increased surface roughness ensured robust interfacial physical interactions. Based on these findings, the mechanisms of the H2O2/H2O/O3 oxidized CFF reinforcing epoxy were proposed. The present work aims to give out some ideas for the fabrication of green and advanced CFRP.

Highlights

CFF was effectively oxidized by an optimized H2O2/H2O/O3 method eco‐friendly.

Improved the interlaminar shear strength of the epoxy composite by 43.3%.

Both the strong interfacial chemical and physical interactions were confirmed.

The reinforcing mechanism is attributed to the robust interactions.
Isoalantolactone exerts anti‐melanoma effects via inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR and STAT3 signaling in cell and mouse models
Authors: Li Jun‐Kui , Jiang Xiao‐Li , Zhang Zhu , Chen Wen‐Qing , Peng Jun‐Jie , Liu Bin , Zhu Pei‐Li , Yung Ken‐Kin‐Lam
Published: March 2024

Background and Aim

Although the anti‐cancer activity of isoalantolactone (IATL) has been extensively studied, the anti‐melanoma effects of IATL are still unknown. Here, we have investigated the anti‐melanoma effects and mechanism of action of IATL. MTT and crystal violet staining assays were performed to detect the inhibitory effect of IATL on melanoma cell viability. Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest induced by IATL were examined using flow cytometry. The molecular mechanism of IATL was explored by Western blotting, confocal microscope analysis, molecular docking, and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA). A B16F10 allograft mouse model was constructed to determine the anti‐melanoma effects of IATL in vivo. The results showed that IATL exerted anti‐melanoma effects in vitro and in vivo. IATL induced cytoprotective autophagy in melanoma cells by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. Moreover, IATL inhibited STAT3 activation both in melanoma cells and allograft tumors not only by binding to the SH2 domain of STAT3 but also by suppressing the activity of its upstream kinase Src. These findings demonstrate that IATL exerts anti‐melanoma effects via inhibiting the STAT3 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways, and provides a pharmacological basis for developing IATL as a novel phytotherapeutic agent for treating melanoma clinically.
Numerical prediction of fog: A novel parameterization for droplet formation
Authors: Peterka András , Thompson Gregory , Geresdi István
Published: March 2024

A novel aerosol activation scheme was developed and implemented into the WRF Thompson–Eidhammer Aerosol‐Aware microphysical module. While in most of the numerical weather prediction (NWP) models the activation is based on updraft velocity, even in the fog, the new parameterization considers the local rate of cooling and water vapor flux in the evaluation of the aerosol activation rate. In addition, diagnostic variables are added to evaluate the visibility reduction due to formation of haze droplets. The impact of changing the activation scheme is demonstrated by a case study of a well‐observed fog event. Data observed during the fog event campaign at Budapest and observed at standard meteorological stations are compared with the output of the numerical model. The results are summarized as follows: (i) the inhomogeneous spatial and temporal distribution of the number concentration of droplets is an inherent characteristic of the new parameterization scheme. (ii) Compared to the prior parameterization based on updraft velocity, the new parameterization scheme increases the number concentration of the droplets significantly, especially at the top of the fog. As a consequence, it reduces the downward short‐wave radiation flux prolonging the lifetime of the fog by about 30–60 min. (iii) Analyses reveal that earlier dissipation of the fog comparing to the observed data cannot be explained only by overestimation of the downward short‐wave radiation flux. (iv) The new method is able to evaluate the reduction of visibility due to haze.
Banishment, Grounding, and Excommunication: A Typology of Punitive Isolation
Authors: de Oliveira Horst Juliana
Published: March 2024

This article examines the formal similarities between cases such as imprisonment, banishment from social media, school detention, and immigrant deportation. The two main formal properties underlying all these cases are isolation and punishment, hence the social pattern under investigation: punitive isolation. By engaging with formal and concept‐driven theoretical and methodological approaches, I outline three categories of punitive isolation based on their relation to physical and relational spaces: banishment, grounding, and excommunication. In doing so, I offer an analytical framework to understand the social phenomenon under investigation.
Genetic analysis of PALB2 gene WD40 domain in canine mammary tumour patients
Authors: Çıldır Özge Şebnem , Özmen Özge , Kul Selim , Rişvanlı Ali , Özalp Gözde , Sabuncu Ahmet , Kul Oğuz
Published: March 2024

Background

DNA repair mechanisms are essential for tumorigenesis and disruption of HR mechanism is an important predisposing factor of human breast cancers (BC). PALB2 is an important part of the HR. There are similarities between canine mammary tumours (CMT) and BCs. As its human counterpart, PALB2 mutations could be a predisposing factor of CMT.

Objectives

In this study, we aimed to investigate the impacts of PALB2 variants on tumorigenesis and canine mammary tumor (CMT) malignancy.

Methods

We performed Sanger sequencing to detect germline mutations in the WD40 domain of the canine PALB2 gene in CMT patients. We conducted in silico analysis to investigate the variants, and compared the germline PALB2 mutations in humans that cause breast cancer (BC) with the variants detected in dogs with CMT.

Results

We identified an intronic (c.3096+8C>G) variant, two exonic (p.A1050V and p.R1354R) variants, and a 3′ UTR variant (c.4071T>C). Of these, p.R1354R and c.4071T>C novel variants were identified for the first time in this study. We found that the p.A1050V mutation had a significant effect. However, we could not determine sufficient similarity due to the differences in nucleotide/amino acid sequences between two species. Nonetheless, possible variants of human sequences in the exact location as their dog counterparts are associated with several cancer types, implying that the variants could be crucial for tumorigenesis in dogs. Our results did not show any effect of the variants on tumor malignancy.

Conclusions

The current project is the first study investigating the relationship between the PALB2 gene WD40 domain and CMTs. Our findings will contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of the PALB2 gene in CMTs. In humans, variant positions in canines have been linked to cancer‐related phenotypes such as familial BC, endometrial tumor, and hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome. The results of bioinformatics analyses should be investigated through functional tests or case‐control studies.
In vitro anti‐Trichomonas gallinae effects of Ziziphus vulgaris L. and Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze extracts
Authors: Rahimi Behnam , Malekifard Farnaz , Esmaeilnejad Bijan
Published: March 2024

Background

Trichomonas gallinae is a parasite that causes canker and severe loss and death, especially in young pigeons. Metronidazole (MTZ) is the recommended drug for treating avian trichomoniasis. Due to drug resistance, non‐chemical alternatives, such as medicinal plant extracts, are also considered possible therapies for this disease.

Objectives

This study compares the antitrichomonal effects of MTZ with extracts of Camellia sinensis and Ziziphus vulgaris on T. gallinae in vitro.

Methods

Samples of T. gallinae were taken from infected pigeons. Multi‐well plates with different concentrations (5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 µg/mL) of plant extracts were used for the in vitro study.

Results

The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of C. sinensis extract was 25 µg/mL over 24 h, compared to 50 µg/mL for MTZ. The MIC value of the Z. vulgaris extracts was 50 µg/mL.

Conclusions

The results suggest that the extracts of Z. vulgaris and C. sinensis, as potential natural agents, could have anti‐avian trichomoniasis properties. This study also shows that MTZ, C. sinensis and Z. vulgaris are equally effective in preventing the growth of T. gallinae trophozoites in the culture.
Successful management of ventricular bigeminy using lidocaine in a horse anaesthetised for emergency laparotomy
Authors: Dupont Julien , Caudron Isabelle , Loublier Clemence , Serteyn Didier , Sandersen Charlotte
Published: March 2024

A 13‐year‐old mare was referred to the Equine Hospital of the University of Liege for colic, 1 week after foaling and was submitted to emergency laparotomy. During anaesthesia, the horse developed ventricular bigeminy that did not compromise haemodynamic stability. Lidocaine (two intravenous [iv] boluses of 1 mg/kg, followed by iv infusion of 1–2 mg/kg/h) effectively terminated the arrhythmia and the animal recovered uneventfully. Although cardiac arrhythmias associated with gastrointestinal disorders are mostly attributed to endotoxaemia, cardiac workup performed postoperatively should not be overlooked. The mare was discharged 23 days after surgery.
Phase Behaviour of Colloidal Platelet–Depletant Mixtures
Authors: Lekkerkerker Henk N. W. , Tuinier Remco , Vis Mark
Published: March 2024

Colloidal platelets are encountered in a wide range of systems in nature and technology. Examples are hydroxides , smectiteclays and exfoliated inorganic nanosheets. Suspensions of these platelets have been found to exhibit liquid crystal ordering, including gibbsite [1–4], nickel hydroxide [5], layered double hydroxides [6, 7], nontronite [8–10], beidellite [11, 12], fluorohectorite [13, 14], solid phosphatoantimonate acid [15, 16], zirconium phosphate [17–19], niobate [20, 21] and titanate [22].
Trust, risk perception, and intention to use autonomous vehicles: an interdisciplinary bibliometric review
Authors: Naiseh Mohammad , Clark Jediah , Akarsu Tugra , Hanoch Yaniv , Brito Mario , Wald Mike , Webster Thomas , Shukla Paurav
Published: March 2024

Autonomous vehicles (AV) offer promising benefits to society in terms of safety, environmental impact and increased mobility. However, acute challenges persist with any novel technology, inlcuding the perceived risks and trust underlying public acceptance. While research examining the current state of AV public perceptions and future challenges related to both societal and individual barriers to trust and risk perceptions is emerging, it is highly fragmented across disciplines. To address this research gap, by using the Web of Science database, our study undertakes a bibliometric and performance analysis to identify the conceptual and intellectual structures of trust and risk narratives within the AV research field by investigating engineering, social sciences, marketing, and business and infrastructure domains to offer an interdisciplinary approach. Our analysis provides an overview of the key research area across the search categories of ‘trust’ and ‘risk’. Our results show three main clusters with regard to trust and risk, namely, behavioural aspects of AV interaction; uptake and acceptance; and modelling human–automation interaction. The synthesis of the literature allows a better understanding of the public perception of AV and its historical conception and development. It further offers a robust model of public perception in AV, outlining the key themes found in the literature and, in turn, offers critical directions for future research.
Manipulation order optimization in industrial pick-and-place operations: application to textile and leather industry
Authors: Martínez-Peral Francisco José , Migallón Héctor , Borrell-Méndez Jorge , Martínez-Rach Miguel , Pérez-Vidal Carlos
Published: March 2024

This work addresses the problem of the development of a robotic system for the picking of parts cut by a CNC machine and the optimization of the sequencing of this picking process. An automated parts collection system is optimized to reduce the time required to perform the task of both picking and the subsequent classification by the type of part. The automated picking system, which is located at the end of a cutting machine, uses a robot equipped with an additional axis to expand its working space. Therefore, in this proposal, the industrial equipment necessary to automate this process is designed and the process to be optimized is computationally modeled. In particular, three discrete optimization algorithms are analyzed, with different evolution strategies and operators, but all of them are free of specific configuration parameters. The whole process is shown in this research, from the design of the procedure to the design of the tool, the algorithm selection, and elements validation. Finally, the first steps towards its industrial implementation are presented, and the hypothesis behind this project is validated.
Portal venous contrast enhancement ratio of the adrenal glands and spleen as prognostic marker of mortality in patients with acute mesenteric ischemia
Authors: Pfister Felix , Mehdorn Matthias , Schwartner Christoph , Seehofer Daniel , Tautenhahn Hans-Michael , Struck Manuel Florian , Denecke Timm , Meyer Hans-Jonas
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Contrast enhancement of the adrenal gland defined by computed tomography (CT) was previously analyzed as a prognostic factor for critically ill patients in various diseases. However, no study investigated this quantitative parameter in patients with acute mesenteric ischemia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of the contrast enhancement of the adrenal glands in patients with clinically suspected AMI.

Methods

All patients with clinically suspected AMI were retrospectively assessed between 2016 and 2020. All patients underwent surgical exploration after CT imaging. Overall, 134 patients (52 female patients, 38.8%) with a mean age of 69.2 ± 12.4 years were included into the present analysis. For all patients, the preoperative CT was used to calculate the contrast media enhancement of the adrenal glands and the spleen.

Results

A total of 27 patients (18.5%) died within the first 24 h and over the following 30-day 94 patients (68.6%) died. There were statistically significant differences regarding the mean values for adrenal-to-spleen ratio for 24-h mortality (p = 0.001) and 30-day mortality (p = 0.004), whereas the radiodensity of the inferior vena cava and the radiodensity of the spleen was statistically significant between survivors and non-survivors after 30 days (p = 0.037 and p = 0.028, respectively). In Cox regression analysis, mean adrenal radiodensity was associated with 24-h mortality (HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02–1.16, p = 0.01) but not with 30-day mortality (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.99–1.07, p = 0.13).

Conclusion

The contrast media enhancement of the adrenal gland is associated with the 24-h and 30-day mortality in patients with AMI. However, the prognostic relevance for translation into clinical routine needs to be validated in other cohorts.

Graphical abstract
Numerical and experimental investigations on the vibration behavior of a high-speed planetary gearbox
Authors: Schweigert D. , Morhard B. , Oberneder F. , Pointner-Gabriel L. , Otto M. , Stahl K.
Published: March 2024

Increasing the speed of the electric motor can significantly improve the power density of the powertrain of EVs (Electric Vehicles), resulting in a smaller size and thus weight and cost advantages. Achieving acceptable NVH behavior becomes more difficult at higher speeds, partly because the excitation frequencies of the gears cover a wider frequency range and therefore higher natural frequencies can also be directly excited. In the Speed4E joint research project, a high-speed electromechanical powertrain was developed, manufactured, and tested to investigate the main challenges on the NVH- and efficiency-behavior of high-speed powertrains. The high-speed design of the Speed4E drivetrain results in maximum electric motor speeds of up to 50,000 rpm, combined with a torque of up to 45 Nm at the transmission input shafts. This study presents the experimental results on the vibration behavior of the high-speed planetary gearbox, a comparison with the corresponding results of a highly efficient calculation method of the gearbox vibration excitation, and the theoretical background of the calculation method is presented. The results indicate the potential to improve the vibration behavior of high-speed drives in EVs and provide a deep understanding of the challenges associated with high speeds.
A two-step species distribution modeling to disentangle the effect of habitat and bioclimatic covariates on Psacothea hilaris, a potentially invasive species
Authors: Ruzzier Enrico , Lupi Daniela , Tirozzi Pietro , Dondina Olivia , Orioli Valerio , Jucker Costanza , Bani Luciano
Published: March 2024

Integrating host plants in distribution modeling of phytophagous species and disentangling the effect of habitat and bioclimatic variables are key aspects to produce reliable predictions when the aim is to identify suitable areas outside species’ native range. To this aim, we implemented a framework of Species Distribution Model aimed at predicting potential suitable areas of establishment for the beetle Psacothea hilaris across the world. Since habitat (including host plants) and bioclimatic variables affect species distribution according to processes acting at different geographical scales, we modeled these variables separately. For the species native range, we fitted a habitat (HSM) and a bioclimatic (BSM) suitability model calibrated on a local and a large scale, respectively; the overall suitability map was obtained as the spatial product of HSM and BSM projection maps. ROC, TSS and Cohen’s Kappa obtained in validation confirmed a good predictive performance of modeling framework. Within HSM, host plants played a substantial effect on species presence probability, while among bioclimatic variables, precipitation of the warmer quarter and isothermality were the most important. Native HSM and BSM models were used to realize an overall suitability map at world scale. At global scale, many areas resulted suitable for habitat, some for bioclimate, and few for both conditions; indeed, if the species would not be able to modify its bioclimatic niche, it might not be considered a major invasive species. However, the high rate of range expansion documented for P. hilaris in Northern Italy, a poorly suitable bioclimatic area, suggests a plasticity of the species that requires increasing the level of attention to its invasive potential.
How does an economic shock affect environmental attitudes, preferences and issue importance? Evidence from Switzerland
Authors: Rudolph Lukas , Gomm Sarah
Published: March 2024

How do economic shocks affect pressure by the mass public for pro-environmental political action? If democratic systems are to develop and sustain ambitious environmental policy over several decades, this question is important to answer. Theoretically, we argue to look beyond changes in attitudes such as environmental concern, and trace whether and how citizen's policy preferences, and the political importance they attach to environment-related issues change when experiencing a deterioration of their personal economic situation. Empirically, we draw on high-quality population-representative panel survey data for an affluent country, Switzerland, combining tailored survey measures for quasi-random Corona-related employment and income losses, nuanced measures of environmental attitudes and policy preferences, and recently developed measures for issue importance. We neither find a decline of environmental policy support among economically affected individuals compared to the rest of the population (a population wide drop, however), nor lower importance given to environment related relative to economic issues in voting decisions. While this suggests that politicians need not fear electoral losses when pursuing environmental policies in times of economic crisis, we note that the severe extent of the Covid-induced recession, coupled with a rapid recovery, is peculiar to this economic crisis and warrants further research regarding the generalizability of our findings to economic shocks of longer duration.
Formulating a quality model for cloud-native software architectures: conceptual and methodological considerations
Authors: Lichtenthäler Robin , Wirtz Guido
Published: March 2024

Interest in cloud computing is steadily increasing and the range of offerings is evolving due to continuous technological innovation. Hence, cloud-native has been established as a term for building applications in a way that maximally exploits benefits of modern cloud computing concepts. However, cloud-native as a topic is broad and the variety in cloud computing technologies is large. Thus, we identify a need in supporting developers and software architects who want to benefit from cloud-native concepts. We provide this support in the form of a quality model for cloud-native software architectures that explains how architectural characteristics impact different quality aspects. Our focus is on the design time and the aim is that architectural models of applications can be evaluated according to cloud-native characteristics and corresponding quality aspects. In this work we present our approach for formulating and validating the quality model for cloud-native software architectures as well as its current state. This presentation is based on previous work, especially a recently conducted validation survey that focused on the impacts of architectural characteristics on quality aspects. The new contribution of this work is the integrated presentation of our approach in a larger context of conceptual and methodological considerations. Further, revision of the quality model based on a repeated literature search for architectural measures is presented. We provide a more detailed look on the quality model, explaining exemplary product factors and their relevance within the topic of cloud-native. Our results provide a qualitative overview of characteristics associated with cloud native software architectures and lay the foundation for quantitative quality evaluations based on architectural models of applications.
Fourier Transform Thermoreflectance Method Under Front-Heat Front-Detect Configuration
Authors: Baba Takahiro , Baba Tetsuya , Mori Takao
Published: March 2024

The thermoreflectance method, which can measure thermal diffusivity in the cross-plane direction of thin films, mainly has two possible configurations; rear-heat front-detect (RF) and front-heat front-detect (FF) configuration. FF configuration is applicable to a wide variety of thin films including thin films deposited on opaque substrates, but this configuration has some problems in determination of the thermal diffusivity. One of the main problems is the effect of the penetration of pump beam and probe beam in thin film, which affects the initial temperature distribution near the sample’s surface after pulse heating. Several studies have tried to analyze the effect but there have been no practical analytical solutions which can solve this problem in FF configuration. In this paper, we propose a new analytical solution which considers the penetration of pump beam and probe beam into thin film, and by applying Fourier expansion analysis which we developed in a previous study to thermoreflectance signals, we have determined the thermal diffusivity of thin film in the thermoreflectance method under FF configuration. We measured platinum thin films with different thickness under both FF and RF configuration and obtained consistent thermal diffusivity values from both configurations.
Novel Internet Support for Neck-Specific Rehabilitation Improves Work-Related Outcomes to the Same Extent as Extensive Visits to a Physiotherapy Clinic in Individuals with Chronic Whiplash-Associated Disorders: A Prospective Randomised Study
Authors: Peolsson Anneli , Nilsing Strid Emma , Peterson Gunnel
Published: March 2024

Purpose

To address the current lack of information about work-related factors for individuals with whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) we investigated the effectiveness of 3 months of neck-specific rehabilitation with internet support in combination with four physiotherapy visits (NSEIT) compared to the same exercises performed twice a week (24 times) at a physiotherapy clinic (NSE).

Methods

This is a prospective, multicentre, randomised controlled trial regarding secondary outcomes of work-related factors in 140 individuals with chronic moderate/severe WAD with 3- and 15-month follow-up.

Results

There were no group differences between NSE and NSEIT in the Work Ability Scale or work subscales of the Neck Disability Index, Whiplash Disability Questionnaire or Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ-work). Both groups improved in all work-related outcome measures, except for FABQ-work after the 3-month intervention and results were maintained at the 15-month follow-up. Conclusions: Despite fewer physiotherapy visits for the NSEIT group, there were no group differences between NSEIT and NSE, with improvements in most work-related measures maintained at the 15-month follow-up. The results of the present study are promising for those with remaining work ability problems after a whiplash injury.

Protocol registered before data collection started: clinicaltrials.gov NCT03022812.
Explicit optical solitons of a perturbed Biswas–Milovic equation having parabolic-law nonlinearity and spatio-temporal dispersion
Authors: Cinar Melih
Published: March 2024

This paper deals with a new variant of the Biswas–Milovic equation, referred to as the perturbed Biswas–Milovic equation with parabolic-law nonlinearity in spatio-temporal dispersion. To our best knowledge, the considered equation which models the pulse propagation in optical fiber is studied for the first time, and the abundant optical solitons are successfully obtained utilizing the auxiliary equation method. Utilizing a wave transformation technique on the considered Biswas–Milovic equation, and by distinguishing its real and imaginary components, we have been able to restructure the considered equation into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The solutions for these ordinary differential equations, suggested by the auxiliary equation method, include certain undetermined parameters. These solutions are then incorporated into the nonlinear ordinary differential equation, leading to the formation of an algebraic equation system by collecting like terms of the unknown function and setting their coefficients to zero. The undetermined parameters, and consequently the solutions to the Biswas–Milovic equation, are derived by resolving this system. 3D, 2D, and contour graphs of the solution functions are plotted and interpreted to understand the physical behavior of the model. Furthermore, we also investigate the impact of the parameters such as the spatio-temporal dispersion and the parabolic nonlinearity on the behavior of the soliton. The new model and findings may contribute to the understanding and characterization of the nonlinear behavior of pulse propagation in optical fibers, which is crucial for the development of optical communication systems.
Can machine learning models provide accurate fertilizer recommendations?
Authors: Tanaka Takashi S. T. , Heuvelink Gerard B. M. , Mieno Taro , Bullock David S.
Published: March 2024

Accurate modeling of site-specific crop yield response is key to providing farmers with accurate site-specific economically optimal input rates (EOIRs) recommendations. Many studies have demonstrated that machine learning models can accurately predict yield. These models have also been used to analyze the effect of fertilizer application rates on yield and derive EOIRs. But models with accurate yield prediction can still provide highly inaccurate input application recommendations. This study quantified the uncertainty generated when using machine learning methods to model the effect of fertilizer application on site-specific crop yield response. The study uses real on-farm precision experimental data to evaluate the influence of the choice of machine learning algorithms and covariate selection on yield and EOIR prediction. The crop is winter wheat, and the inputs considered are a slow-release basal fertilizer NPK 25–6–4 and a top-dressed fertilizer NPK 17–0–17. Random forest, XGBoost, support vector regression, and artificial neural network algorithms were trained with 255 sets of covariates derived from combining eight different soil properties. Results indicate that both the predicted EOIRs and associated gained profits are highly sensitive to the choice of machine learning algorithm and covariate selection. The coefficients of variation of EOIRs derived from all possible combinations of covariate selection ranged from 13.3 to 31.5% for basal fertilization and from 14.2 to 30.5% for top-dressing. These findings indicate that while machine learning can be useful for predicting site-specific crop yield levels, it must be used with caution in making fertilizer application rate recommendations.
Floating-Point Quantization Analysis of Multi-Layer Perceptron Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Al-Rikabi Hussein , Renczes Balázs
Published: March 2024

The impact of quantization in Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) is presented in this paper. In this architecture, the constant increase in size and the demand to decrease bit precision are two factors that contribute to the significant enlargement of quantization errors. We introduce an analytical tool that models the propagation of Quantization Noise Power (QNP) in floating-point MLP ANNs. Contrary to the state-of-the-art approach, which compares the exact and quantized data experimentally, the proposed algorithm can predict the QNP theoretically when the effect of operation quantization and Coefficient Quantization Error (CQE) are considered. This supports decisions in determining the required precision during the hardware design. The algorithm is flexible in handling MLP ANNs of user-defined parameters, such as size and type of activation function. Additionally, a simulation environment is built that can perform each operation on an adjustable bit precision. The accuracy of the QNP calculation is verified with two publicly available benchmarked datasets, using the default precision simulation environment as a reference.
Native ants vary in their use of seeds from a recently introduced myrmecochorous exotic plant
Authors: Sosiak Christine , Timonera John Paul , Velasco Felipe , Raithby Adrianna , McLean Mary Ann
Published: March 2024

Myrmecochory is a common mutualism between ants and plants benefiting both partners: ants obtain a nutrient-rich food source, while plants enjoy a host of benefits ranging from enhanced dispersal to protected germination sites. However, this mutualism can be exploited by invasive myrmecochores, where native ants spread invasive plant seeds, possibly to the detriment of native plant assemblages. With the recent introduction of a potentially invasive myrmecochorous plant (Thesium ramosum) in Alberta, Canada, we tested ant interest in T. ramosum. To evaluate both general interest in T. ramosum as a food source, and preference for T. ramosum over other food sources, we collected colonies of four commonly occurring native Formica species and conducted seed removal trials and food preference trials. We then evaluated interest in and preference for T. ramosum seeds through assessing mean rate of seed removal and food item removal, total number of seeds and food items removed, and trends in seed and food item removal through time. We found that while all ant species tested showed interest in T. ramosum, interest level varied among species, and additional factors such as colony size and presence of host species in socially parasitic species influenced interest in T. ramosum. Considering native ant interest in T. ramosum as a food source, it seems plausible that Formica species may act as a dispersal vector for T. ramosum, potentially enhancing its invasiveness.
Do we really need a new definition of dyslexia? A commentary
Authors: Snowling Maggie , Hulme Charles
Published: March 2024

We provide a commentary on current debates about the definition of dyslexia. We agree with others that dyslexia is best thought of as a dimensional disorder with the best established causal risk factor being a deficit in phonological processing. Dyslexia is particularly common in children from families with a history of dyslexia and in children with preschool language difficulties. We argue that definitions may differ depending upon their purpose. Traditional discrepancy definitions may be useful for research purposes, but when considering the provision of educational services discrepancy definitions are not useful since all children with reading difficulties require reading intervention regardless of their level of IQ.
The dark side of the moon? Fintech and financial stability
Authors: Cevik Serhan
Published: March 2024

Rapid advances in digital technology are revolutionizing the financial landscape. The rise of fintech has the potential to make financial systems more efficient and competitive and broaden financial inclusion. With greater technological complexity, however, fintech also poses potential systemic risks. In this paper, I use a novel dataset to trace the development of fintech (excluding cryptocurrencies) and empirically assess its impact on financial stability in a panel of 198 countries over the period 2012–2020. The analysis provides interesting insights into how fintech correlates with financial stability: (1) the impact magnitude and statistical significance of fintech depend on the type of instrument (digital lending vs. digital capital raising); (2) the overall effect of all fintech instruments together turns out to be negative because of the overwhelming share of digital lending in total, albeit statistically insignificant; and (3) while digital capital raising is estimated to have a positive effect on financial stability in advanced economies, its effect is negative in developing countries. Fintech is still small compared to traditional institutions, but rapidly expanding in riskier segments of the financial sector and creating new challenges for policymakers.
Hydrogeochemical conditions of submarine and terrestrial karst sulfur springs in the Northern Adriatic
Authors: Šušmelj Kaja , Čenčur Curk Barbara , Kanduč Tjaša , Rožič Boštjan , Verbovšek Timotej , Vreča Polona , Žagar Klara , Žvab Rožič Petra
Published: March 2024

Submarine springs near Izola, in the Northern Adriatic Sea, appear in funnel-shaped depressions and smell strongly of sulfur. Along the Mediterranean coast there are many submarine karst springs containing brackish or fresh water, but submarine sulfur springs are not particularly common. Three submarine sulfur springs and one terrestrial sulfur spring were investigated to better understand the water properties, water–rock interaction within the aquifer, and to explore the origin of the spring water. Groundwater and seawater samples were also collected for comparison. Based on the geological setting, physicochemical parameters, hydrogeochemical data, and stable isotope data (δ18O, δ2H, δ13CDIC, δ34SSO4, δ18OSO4), we can affirm that (1) the large concentration of seawater in the submarine springs samples is due to sampling challenges; (2) springs recharge from precipitation where confined karst aquifers outcrop; (3) deep water circulation is indicated; (4) redox conditions can provide a suitable environment for bacterial reduction of the marine or organic sulfate to the odorous H2S; (5) geological data suggests that the coals beneath the alveolinic-nummulitic limestones are the source of sulfur. A multi-parameter and interdisciplinary approach has proven important in assessing submarine sulfur springs affected by seawater input.
Examining Mental Health Benefits of a Brief Online Mindfulness Intervention: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Barcaccia Barbara , Medvedev Oleg N. , Pallini Susanna , Mastandrea Stefano , Fagioli Sabrina
Published: March 2024

Objectives

The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a brief online mindfulness intervention in reducing depression, rumination, and trait anxiety among university students.

Method

The sample consisted of 486 participants including 205 (42%) in the experimental group and 281 (58%) in the control group. For a period of 28 days, participants in the experimental group engaged in daily mindfulness meditation during their free time. Additionally, they practised mindfulness meditation once a week during regular class hours. The control group was involved in regular class activities without practising mindfulness. The outcomes were assessed at pre- and post-intervention using well-validated measures of mindfulness, depression, rumination, and trait anxiety. The data were analysed using mixed-model ANCOVA while controlling for baseline mindfulness levels as co-variates.

Results

Our results demonstrated the effectiveness of a brief online mindfulness intervention in reducing depression, rumination, and trait anxiety of university students. Moreover, higher baseline mindfulness levels predicted better effectiveness of the brief online mindfulness intervention at an individual level and were inversely linked to depression, trait anxiety, and rumination.

Conclusions

This study conclusively demonstrated that a brief online mindfulness intervention significantly reduces depression, rumination, and trait anxiety among university students, with reductions observed in specific measures of these conditions, highlighting the role of initial mindfulness levels in moderating outcomes. These findings underscore the effectiveness of brief online mindfulness programs in mitigating mental health issues in a university setting and the importance of baseline psychological states in intervention outcomes.

Preregistration

This study is not preregistered
Effect of social media sentiment on donations received by NPOS
Authors: Gandía Juan L. , Huguet David
Published: March 2024

Previous literature has analyzed the effect of internet disclosure on NPO donations, specifically, through website disclosure, showing a positive relation between internet disclosure and NPO income. Nonetheless, there is a lack of studies examining the association between sentiment on social media and NPO donations. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the effect that sentiment in Twitter messages has on the donations received by NPOs. Using a sample of NPOs listed on the Non-Profit Times 100, we examine whether the sentiment transmitted by the NPOs through Twitter affects their donations. The results show that the sentiment associated with certain specific categories of messages (community messages and information messages about matters not directly related to the NPO) has a significant effect on the amount of donations received.
A SICE (Società Italiana di Chirurgia Endoscopica e Nuove Tecnologie) observational prospective multicenter study on anatomical variants of the superior mesenteric artery: intraoperative analysis during laparoscopic right hemicolectomy—CoDIG 2 database (ColonDx Italian Group)
Authors: Anania G. , Campagnaro A. , Chiozza M. , Randolph J. , Resta G. , Marino S. , Pedon S. , Agrusa A. , Cuccurullo D. , Cirocchi R. ,   SICE CoDIG (ColonDx Italian Group)
Published: March 2024

Colorectal cancer, the third most common cancer worldwide, affects 40–45% of patients on the right side. Surgery, especially minimally invasive methods such as laparoscopic and robotic procedures, is the preferred treatment. However, these techniques present technical complications. The anatomical complexity and variations in vessel branching patterns pose challenges, particularly for less experienced surgeons. The CoDIG 2 is a nationwide observational study involving 76 specialized Italian general surgery departments focused on colorectal surgery. The centres were directed to maintain their standard surgical and clinical practices. The aim of this study was to analyse the intraoperative vascular anatomy of Italian patients who underwent laparoscopic right colectomy and explore the ligature techniques used by Italian surgeons. Surgeons reported information about vascularization of the right colon for 616 patients and about surgical anatomy of RCA for 368 patients. Fifty-three patients (10.8%) showed no RCA intraoperatively. The right colic artery (RCA) was categorized according to the Yada classification (types 1–4) during evaluation, and intraoperative assessments revealed that Yada type 1 was the most common type (55.2%), while radiologic evaluations revealed a higher prevalence of type 2. Furthermore, compared with the superior mesenteric vein (SMV), the RCA is more often located anteriorly according to intraoperative and contrast-enhanced CT examination; 59.9% were found in the anterior position during intraoperative examination, while 40.1% were found in the same position on preoperative contrast-enhanced CT. Vascularization of the right colon, including missing branches, additional branches, shared trunks, and retro-superior courses of the mesenteric vein, exhibited notable variations. To understand vascular variations, a preoperative radiological study is necessary; although there was no concordance between the intraoperative and radiological evaluations, this is a limitation of preinterventional radiological evaluation (PII) because it is always needed for oncological staging. This approach is especially critical for inexperienced surgeons to avoid potential complications, such as problematic bleeding.