bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health care transition planning: A potpourri of perspectives from nurses
Authors: Betz Cecily L. , Mannino Jennifer E. , Disabato Jennifer A. , Marner Victoria
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Nurses have important roles as members of the healthcare transition (HCT) planning interdisciplinary team. Nursing's scope of practice and framework of care brings a distinctive and complementary approach to this expanding field in pediatric care. It is therefore relevant to better understand the extent to which pediatric nurses are involved with the provision of HCT services and model development.

Design and Methods

This was a qualitative analysis of a national survey of pediatric nurses. A thematic iterative process was used to code data. Three coders separately analyzed responses and then met to compare and discuss until a final list of codes was achieved. The codes were further analyzed until themes and subthemes emerged. Throughout the process, disagreements were discussed and resolved until consensus was achieved.

Results

A sample of 1814 pediatric nurses and nurse practitioners from two US professional organizations participated in this national survey to gather data on their involvement in HCT planning. This survey contained 17 items, one of which was an open‐ended question stating: Is there anything else you would like to share about your role with the population of transitioning youth and young adults with chronic illness and/or disability? The analysis of responses provided by 154 nurses is presented. Initial coding resulted in 11 categories of data. Four major themes, including four subthemes, emerged from the analysis of responses: Support for the need for transition (subtheme: Nursing involvement); Guidance needed for professional practice (subtheme: Types of guidelines and training); Lack of service linkages to adult providers; and Difficulty letting go (two subthemes: Pediatric providers; Parents).

Practice Implications

These findings indicated strong support for the need of HCT services and the importance of nursing involvement. However, challenges to HCT implementation were identified that include systemic, psychosocial, and educational barriers. As this field of practice and research continues to grow, it is important that pediatric nurses recognize the opportunities to have a clinical voice to develop nurse‐led HCT services and programs.
Sounds and associated morphology of Hypostomus species from South‐East Brazil
Authors: Raick X. , Koussa A. , Zawadzki C. H. , Kurchevski G. , Godinho A. L. , Parmentier É.
Published: April 2022

Hypostomus is the most diverse genus within Loricariidae. These catfish species exhibit a very conservative morphology with relatively few external characteristics that differ between different species. In consequence, there is a challenge to understand the distinction of species of this genus. This study aims to describe the sounds produced by ten species of Hypostomus from Araguari River and Paraopeba River (Minas Gerais, Brazil), to examine whether acoustic features could be used to distinguish between the species, and to understand the corresponding sound production mechanisms. The fish were recorded making sounds by holding them in hand underwater, in a glass tank on the river shore next to where they had been caught. All ten species produced sounds, and no effect of body size on acoustic features was observed. Furthermore, the species could not be distinguished using acoustic features. Likewise, all the studied species exhibited similar bony ridges on the dorsal processes of the pectoral spine. Since the sounds produced by the fish do not seem to exhibit interspecific specificity, they do not appear to have a role in behaviours requiring conspecific recognition, such as reproduction. Sound production may have an alarm, distress, or acoustic aposematism function warning predators of the presence of pectoral spines, which have an anti‐predatory function in this clade.
Unpacking value destruction at the intersection between public and private value
Authors: Cui Tie , Osborne Stephen P.
Published: April 2022

Public services do not always create value. Rather, when poorly organized and/or delivered, they can destroy value and make service users' lives worse. However, such “value destruction” is presently weakly conceptualized in public management theory. Consequently, this paper is devoted to the empirical examination of value destruction and hence its conceptualization. At the heart of the paper, we recognize the multiplicity of public value and private value objectives in complex public service environments and the dyadic tension between these two value constellations. Drawing upon qualitative data derived from public carbon reduction projects, we establish a conceptual framework. This framework accounts both for the types of value destruction and for the tension between public and private value. Subsequently, the framework disentangles the value destruction concept into four categories: value ignorance, value disproportion, value backlash, and value exploitation. Finally, the implications of this new conceptual framework for public management theory and practice are explored.
Longitudinal asthma exacerbation phenotypes in the Korean childhood asthma study cohort
Authors: Park Ji Soo , Suh Dong In , Song Dae Jin , Baek Hey‐Sung , Shin Meeyong , Yoo Young , Kwon Ji‐Won , Jang Gwang Cheon , Yang Hyeon‐Jong , Lee Eun , Kim Hwan Soo , Seo Ju‐Hee , Woo Sung‐Il , Kim Hyung Young , Shin Youn Ho , Lee Ju Suk , Yoon Jisun , Jung Sungsu , Han Minkyu , Eom Eunjin , Yu Jinho , Kim Woo Kyung , Lim Dae Hyun , Kim Jin Tack
Published: April 2022

Background

Asthma exacerbation (AE) leads to social and economic costs and long‐term adverse outcomes. We aimed to predict exacerbation‐prone asthma (EPA) in children.

Methods

The Korean childhood Asthma Study (KAS) is a prospective nationwide pediatric asthma cohort of children aged 5–15 years followed every 6 months. Patients with AE during the 6 months prior to all three visits, with AE prior to one or two visits, and without AE prior to any visit were defined as having EPA, exacerbation‐intermittent asthma (EIA), and exacerbation‐resistant asthma (ERA), respectively. Risk factors and prediction models of EPA were explored.

Results

Of the 497 patients who completed three visits, 42%, 18%, and 15% had exacerbations prior to visits 1, 2, and 3 and 5%, 47%, and 48% had EPA, EIA, and ERA, respectively. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression revealed forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) z‐score, forced vital capacity (FVC) z‐score, white blood cell (WBC) count, and asthma control test (ACT) score as relevant EPA risk factors. The EPA prediction model comprised FVC z‐score, WBC count, ACT score, sex, and parental education level (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] 0.841 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.728–0.954]).

Conclusion

With appropriate management, AE decreases over time, but persistent AEs may occur. Apart from asthma control level, baseline lung function and WBC count predicted EPA.
Initial attendance and retention in adult healthcare as criteria for transition success among organ transplant recipients
Authors: Rea Kelly E. , Cushman Grace K. , Quast Lauren F. , George Roshan P. , Basu Arpita , Ford Ryan , Book Wendy , Blount Ronald L.
Published: April 2022

Background

Adolescent and young adult (AYA) solid organ transplant recipients experience worsening medical outcomes during transition to adult healthcare. Current understanding and definitions of transition success emphasize first initiation of appointment attendance in adult healthcare; however, declines in attendance over time after transfer remain possible, particularly as AYAs are further removed from their pediatric provider and assume greater independence in their care.

Methods

The current study assessed health‐care utilization, medical outcomes, and transition success among 49 AYA heart, kidney, or liver recipients recently transferred to adult healthcare. Differences in outcomes were examined along two transition success criteria: (1) initial engagement in adult healthcare within 6 or 12 months of last pediatric appointment and (2) retention in adult healthcare over 3 years following last pediatric appointment. Growth curve modeling examined change in attendance over time.

Results

Successful retention in adult healthcare was significantly related to more improved clinical outcomes, including decreased number and duration of hospitalizations and greater medication adherence, as compared to initial engagement. Significant declines in appointment attendance over 3 years were noted, and individual differences in declines were not accounted for by age at transfer or time since transplant.

Conclusions

Findings underscore support for AYAs after transfer, as significant declines in attendance were noted after initiating adult care. Clinical care teams should examine transition success longitudinally to address changes in health‐care utilization and medical outcomes. Attention to interventions and administrative support aimed at maintaining or increasing attendance and identifying risk factors and intervention for unsuccessful transition is warranted.
“What matters to you?”: The relevance of patient priorities in dialysis care for assessment and clinical practice
Authors: Tommel Judith , Evers Andrea W. M. , van Hamersvelt Henk W. , Jordens Rien , van Dijk Sandra , Hilbrands Luuk B. , Hermans Marc M. H. , Hollander Daan A. M. J. , van de Kerkhof Jos J. , ten Dam Marc A. G. J. , van Middendorp Henriët
Published: April 2022

Background

Dialysis patients are confronted with numerous, complex problems, which make it difficult to identify individual patient's most prominent problems. The objectives of this study were to (1) identify dialysis patients' most prominent problems from a patient perspective and (2) to calculate disease‐specific norms for questionnaires measuring these problems.

Methods

One hundred seventy‐five patients treated with hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis completed a priority list on several domains of functioning (e.g., physical health, mental health, social functioning, and daily activities) and a set of matching questionnaires assessing patient functioning on these domains. Patient priorities were assessed by calculating the importance ranking of each domain on the priority list. Subsequently, disease‐specific norm scores were calculated for all questionnaires, both for the overall sample and stratified by patient characteristics.

Results

Fatigue was listed as patients' most prominent problem. Priorities differed between male and female patients, younger and older patients, and home and center dialysis patients, which was also reflected in their scores on the corresponding domains of functioning. Therefore, next to general norm scores, we calculated corrections to the general norms to take account of patient characteristics (i.e., sex, age, and dialysis type).

Conclusions

Results highlight the importance of having attention for the specific priorities and needs of each individual patient. Adequate disease‐specific, norm‐based assessment is not only necessary for diagnostic procedures but is an essential element of patient‐centered care: It will help to better understand and respect individual patient needs and tailor treatment accordingly.
Expectation of irrelevant novel stimuli has no consistent effect on recognition memory
Authors: Reichardt Richárd , Simor Péter , Polner Bertalan
Published: April 2022

Novelty is defined as the part of an experience that is not yet represented by memory systems. Novelty has been claimed to exert various memory‐enhancing effects. A pioneering study by Wittmann et al. (2007) has shown that memory formation may even benefit from the expectation of novelty. We aimed to replicate this assumed memory effect in four behavioral studies. However, our results do not support the idea that anticipated novel stimuli are more memorable than unexpected novelty. In our experiments, we systematically manipulated the novelty predicting cues to ensure that the expectations were correctly formed by the participants, however, the results showed that there was no memory enhancement for expected novel pictures in any of the examined indices, thus we could not replicate the main behavioral finding of Wittmann et al. (2007). These results call into question the original effect, and we argue that this fits more into current thinking on memory formation and brain function in general. Our results are more consistent with the view that unexpected stimuli are more likely to be retained by memory systems. Predictive coding theory suggests that unexpected stimuli are prioritized by the nervous system and this may also benefit memory processes. Novel stimuli may be unexpected and thus recognized better in some experimental setups, yet novelty and unexpectedness do not always coincide. We hope that our work can bring more consistency in the literature on novelty, as educational methods in general could also benefit from this clarification.
Understanding how child temperament, negative parenting, and dyadic parent–child behavioral variability interact to influence externalizing problems
Authors: Brown Kayla M. , Pérez‐Edgar Koraly , Lunkenheimer Erika
Published: April 2022

To better understand the development of externalizing behavior, the current study examines how multiple levels of influence (child temperament, negative parenting, and dyadic interactions) work together to increase externalizing behaviors over time. Negative parenting (NP) and observed dynamic dyadic behavioral variability (DBV) in parent–child interactions (e.g., in discipline and compliance) are characteristic of coercive family processes. The present study first examined latent profiles of temperament in 3‐year‐olds (N = 150). Four temperament profiles emerged: high reactive, exuberant, low reactive, and inhibited. Temperament profiles were then examined as moderators of the effects of the age of three NP and DBV on child externalizing problems at the age of four. Exuberant temperament exacerbated the association between higher levels of NP and DBV and higher levels of child externalizing. Additionally, temperament moderated the combined effects of NP and DBV such that at low and mean levels of NP, children with exuberant temperaments who experienced higher DBV had higher externalizing behaviors, whereas at higher levels of NP, the influence of DBV was no longer significant. Results suggest pathways by which children's experiences of NP and DBV with parents contribute to their greater externalizing problems over time, in the context of the child's unique temperament profile.
Transfer of carbon incubation parameters to model the SOC and SON dynamics of a field trial with energy crops applying digestates as organic fertilizers
Authors: Gasser S. Anton A. , Nielsen Kerstin , Franko Uwe
Published: April 2022

The fertilization with organic amendments and digestates from biogas plants is increasingly used to increase carbon stock and to improve the soil quality, but little is still known about their long‐term effects. A common method to analyse organic amendments and their mineralization is incubation experiments, where amendments get incubated with soil while CO2 release is measured over time. In a previous study, carbon models have been applied to model the carbon dynamics of incubation experiments. The derived parameters describing the carbon turnover of the CCB model (CANDY Carbon Balance) are used to simulate the SOC and SON dynamics of a long‐term field trial. The trial was conducted in Berge (Germany) where organic amendments like slurry, farmyard manure or digestates were systematically applied. To grant a higher model flexibility, the amounts of crop residues were calculated for roots and stubble separately. Furthermore, the mineralization dynamics of roots and stubble are considered by the model parameters for each crop. The model performance is compared when using the dry matter and carbon content received from the field trial and the incubation experiments, to evaluate the transferability. The results show that the incubation parameters are transferable to the field site, with rRMSE < 10% for the modelled SOC and rRMSE between 10% and 15% for the SON dynamics. This approach can help to analyse long‐term effects of unexplored and unusual organic fertilizers under field conditions, whereat the model is used to upscale the C dynamics from incubation experiments, considering environmental conditions.
Detection of human herpesvirus 6 DNA and chromosomal integration after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A retrospective single center analysis
Authors: Berneking Laura , Both Anna , Langebrake Claudia , Aepfelbacher Martin , Lütgehetmann Marc , Kröger Nicolaus , Christopeit Maximilian
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6) can reactivate after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) and may be associated with significant morbidity and mortality.

Methods

The epidemiology of HHV‐6 infections and their impact on outcome after allo‐HSCT were retrospectively analyzed in 689 adult allo‐HSCT recipients (January 2015–December 2018). Chromosomal integration of HHV‐6 (ciHHV‐6) in the donor was retrospectively investigated to critically evaluate antiviral treatment strategies.

Results

HHV‐6 DNA in any specimen was found in 89 patients. HHV‐6 infections (encephalitis (one), gastroenteritis (44), dermatitis (two), hepatitis (one), or pneumonitis (five)) were diagnosed in 53/689 patients (7.7%). Elevated levels of HHV‐6 DNA were found in 38 patients (5.5%). ciHHV‐6, analyzed in patients with HHV‐6 viral loads ≥104 copies/ml, was identified in four patients (10/38 patients; 10.5%). Two of those displayed copy numbers of HHV‐6 ranging from ≥2 × 105 to 2.5 × 106 copies/ml (HHV‐6A). Here, ciHHV‐6 was integrated into donor and not into the patients’ cells. In this series of allo‐HSCT recipients, 10.5% of patients with blood viral loads of HHV‐6 showed ciHHV‐6.

Conclusion

Screening of the donor for ciHHV‐6 before initiation of antiviral therapy is recommended.

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Sustainable Principles Implemented in Architecture and Interior Design through Eco Pieces of Furniture and Lighting
Authors: Munteanu Angela
Published: April 2022

Objective: The research presents the efficiency of the studied topic, the theoretical and practical polices applied in ecological architecture and design, the importance and priorities of a healthy interior environment. The main statement that motivated this qualitative study is to explain clear principles of recycling and reuse through sustainability, supported by the high school curriculum.Methodology: The study focuses on developing awareness of critical thinking in society and academia, for recycling and reuse, - a process that leads to reducing environmental pollution, and waste emissions for the future of our descendants. The paper follows two directions for analysis. First of all, the ecology principles implemented by EU and fully supported by the Republic of Moldova through recent state directives and polices toward the sustainability. Secondly, the inclusion in the high school curriculum the projects concentraded on sustainability. Some examples of functional furniture, lighting and interior design pieces elaborated by students-architects and designers, promoting the possibility of recycling and reuse the waste materials, were presented.Findings: The analysis of the situation and the sustainable approach revealed three major postulates: First of all, the awareness of the attitude towards the environment and critical thinking of sustainability for future generationsб plausible messages both for the Moldovan society and for the academic environment. Finally, the implementation of critical awareness towards recycling and reuse of waste materials in the curriculum strategies for architects and interior designers led to development  of future specialists in the field such as of sustainable products design.
Time‐limited alterations in cortical activity of a knock‐in mouse model of KCNQ2‐related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Biba‐Maazou Najoua , Becq Hélène , Pallesi‐Pocachard Emilie , Sarno Stefania , Granjeaud Samuel , Montheil Aurélie , Kurz Marie , Villard Laurent , Milh Mathieu , Santini Pierre‐Pascal Lenck , Aniksztejn Laurent
Published: April 2022

De novo missense variants in the KCNQ2 gene encoding the Kv7.2 subunit of voltage‐gated potassium Kv7/M channels are the main cause of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with neonatal onset. Although seizures usually resolve during development, cognitive/motor deficits persist. To gain a better understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying network dysfunction and their progression over time, we investigated in vivo, using local field potential recordings of freely moving animals, and ex vivo in layers II/III and V of motor cortical slices, using patch‐clamp recordings, the electrophysiological properties of pyramidal cells from a heterozygous knock‐in mouse model carrying the Kv7.2 p.T274M pathogenic variant during neonatal, postweaning and juvenile developmental stages. We found that knock‐in mice displayed spontaneous seizures preferentially at postweaning rather than at juvenile stages. At the cellular level, the variant led to a reduction in M ​​current density/conductance and to neuronal hyperexcitability. These alterations were observed during the neonatal period in pyramidal cells of layers II/III and during the postweaning stage in pyramidal cells of layer V. Moreover, there was an increase in the frequency of spontaneous network‐driven events mediated by GABA receptors, suggesting that the excitability of interneurons was also increased. However, all these alterations were no longer observed in layers II/III and V of juvenile mice. Thus, our data indicate that the action of the variant is regulated developmentally. This raises the possibility that the age‐related seizure remission observed in KCNQ2‐related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy patients results from a time‐limited alteration of Kv7 channel activity and neuronal excitability.

Key points

The electrophysiological impact of the pathogenic c.821C>T mutation of the KCNQ2 gene (p.T274M variant in Kv7.2 subunit) related to developmental and epileptic encephalopathy has been analysed both in vivo and ex vivo in layers II/III and V of motor cortical slices from a knock‐in mouse model during development at neonatal, postweaning and juvenile stages.

M current density and conductance are decreased and the excitability of layer II/III pyramidal cells is increased in slices from neonatal and postweaning knock‐in mice but not from juvenile knock‐in mice.

M current and excitability of layer V pyramidal cells are impacted in knock‐in mice only at the postweaning stage.

Spontaneous GABAergic network‐driven events can be recorded until the postweaning stage, and their frequency is increased in layers II/III of the knock‐in mice.

Knock‐in mice display spontaneous seizures preferentially at postweaning rather than at juvenile stages.
Calidad de la vivienda en Colombia. El caso de ciudades dentro de la ciudad
Authors: García Ramírez William
Published: April 2022

Este artículo aborda la pregunta sobre el significado de la calidad del diseño urbano arquitectónico de proyectos de vivienda de gran escala en Colombia, desde una revisión de las metodologías bajo las que se ha establecido lo que se considera una vivienda de calidad en el país. A partir de la revisión más detallada de una de estas metodologías –específicamente la adoptada por las Bienales Colombianas de Arquitectura–, se propone una metodología alternativa y complementaria a esta. Su aplicación en seis casos de proyectos de vivienda concebidos bajo la política estatal Ciudades dentro de la ciudad, aplicada entre 1970 y 1990, busca ampliar el debate sobre el significado de la calidad de la vivienda en Colombia.
An Analysis of the Normative (Non)Compliance and the Interactions among Passengers in the Buenos Aires Subway
Authors: Beramendi Maite
Published: April 2022

The subway is a public transportation where the control and freedom of passengers must be regulated to create a peaceful and harmonious environment. Social transgression imposes an environment of discomfort and tension between passengers. This study aims to describe the regulations that Buenos Aires subway passengers know, to investigate the perception of (non)compliance with them, to analyze how the interaction among the passengers in the subway is perceived and how it is related to (non)compliance with the norms of coexistence and safety. The results indicated that the participants perceived a high degree of normative noncompliance. Generalized noncompliance accounts for the existence of informal rules that organize the behavior of passengers in contradiction with the guidelines of formal rules. This double standard causes problems of coexistence and safety in the subway. Normative transgressions negatively affect the interactions among passengers, bringing about a social climate of discomfort and tension.
Capacidad de movilidad en metrópolis dispersas: estudio de accesibilidad en el Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara
Authors: Barranco Martín María del Carmen , Calonge Reillo Fernando
Published: April 2022

La dispersión y fragmentación de las urbes ha repercutido directamente en los desplazamientos de la población, hecho que plantea escenarios muy peculiares en las ciudades latinoamericanas. Con el comienzo del nuevo siglo, los estudios urbanos comienzan a captar la atención de la experiencia de estos desplazamientos, pues la realidad es que las personas de cualquier condición socioeconómica realizan movimientos diarios para acceder a actividades-recursos básicos, pero los medios para hacerlo y las opciones de acceso no son las mismas, hecho que influye en otros ámbitos de la vida y condiciona el bienestar del ciudadano. En tal sentido, se presenta la propuesta de realizar un acercamiento[i] a la relación entre el enfoque del desarrollo humano basado en las capacidades y la movilidad, al cuestionar cómo analizar el bienestar a través de la capacidad de movilidad y su estructura de oportunidades de acceso con metodología de triangulación.

 

[i] El siguiente artículo está basado en la investigación que se realizó para la tesis de doctorado Capacidad de movilidad y bienestar: estudio de accesibilidad desde la experiencia de la inclusión-exclusión urbana. Caso de estudio Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara, presentada en Guadalajara, el día 6 de julio de 2018.

This article is based on a research conducted for a doctorate thesis with title “Capacity to Move and Well-being: An Accessibility Study from the Urban Inclusion-Exclusion Experience. A Study Case on Guadalajara Metropolitan Area”, presented in Guadalajara on July 6, 2018.

O seguinte artigo é baseado na pesquisa  realizada para a tese de doutorado Capacidade de mobilidade e bem-estar: estudo de acessibilidade desde a experiência da inclusão-exclusão urbana. Caso de estudo Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara, apresentada em Guadalajara, o dia 6 de julho de 2018.
Gobernanzas locales neoliberales. Tres conceptos críticos para analizar las planificación urbana contemporánea
Authors: Orozco Ramos Hernán
Published: April 2022

El presente artículo de revisión tiene como objetivo sistematizar e integrar tres conceptos clave para la teoría urbana actual, como son la gobernanza, la escala local y el neoliberalismo urbano. Se busca generar un marco analítico para la necesaria revisión crítica de políticas de planificación urbana contemporánea inspiradas en narrativas desarrollistas postindustriales, y que se han transformado en “tendencias” de fuerte circulación entre tomadores de decisiones y académicos, sin mayor cuestionamiento. Lo anterior, se realiza mediante la revisión de información y diversas investigaciones sobre tres ejemplos, a saber: Bilbao Ría 2000, 22@Barcelona y los Distritos económicos de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Así, este trabajo intenta aportar a la discusión y contextualización de la aplicación de estos conceptos en base al análisis de ejemplos de diferentes latitudes y formas de organización política-económica, y contribuir a la reflexión sobre la necesidad de reorientar este tipo de políticas urbanas locales.
Las inercias de una ciudad en mutación, diferencias espaciales de los precios de la vivienda (Bogotá, 1970-2012)
Authors: Cuervo Ballesteros Nicolás
Published: April 2022

Este artículo analiza, mediante los precios de la vivienda en 7 sectores de Bogotá, las evoluciones socioespaciales de la ciudad entre 1970 y 2012. Se argumenta que los elementos heredados priman sobre los cambios recientes (producidos en un contexto de mundialización económica y gestión urbana neoliberal), incluso si estos son importantes. Se muestra que las diferencias espaciales de los precios de la vivienda (entre los sectores de análisis) se mantienen en un mismo rango a lo largo del tiempo y no tienen una tendencia temporal clara. En fin, se argumenta que la inercia socioespacial resulta de una mejoría en las condiciones urbanas de diferentes sectores de la ciudad (que reducen la renta diferencial de vivienda), simultánea y de menor magnitud a la inercia de las diferencias de precios de la vivienda ligadas a la renta de segregación.   [i] Este articulo presenta y amplía los resultados de la investigación desarrollada para la tesis de doctorado en urbanismo “L’inertie et les changements urbains au prisme des prix du logement : Bogota, 1970-2012”, dirigida por Jean-Claude Driant en la Escuela de Urbanismo de París, Universidad Paris Este.
An Electromyography-Based Constitutive Law for Force Generation in Skeletal Muscle—Part II: Model Validation on the Ankle Joint Complex
Authors: Knodel Nathan B. , Calvert L. Brie , Bywater Emily A. , Lamia Joseph P. , Patel Shiv N. , Nauman Eric A.
Published: April 2022

Part II of this study evaluates the predictive ability of the skeletal muscle force model derived in Part I within the ankle joint complex. The model is founded in dimensional analysis and uses electromyography and the muscle force–length, force–velocity, and force–frequency curves as inputs. Seventeen subjects (eight males, nine females) performed five different exercises geared toward activating the primary muscles crossing the ankle joint. Motion capture, force plate, and electromyography data were collected during these exercises for use in the analysis. A constant, Km, was calculated for each muscle of each subject using four of the five exercises. The fifth exercise was then used to validate the results by treating the moments due to muscle forces as known and all other components in Euler's second law as unknown. While muscle forces cannot be directly validated in vivo, methods can be developed to test these values with reasonable confidence. This study compared moments about the ankle joint due to the calculated muscle forces to the sum of the moments due to all other sources and the kinematic terms in the second Newton–Euler equation of rigid body motion. Average percent errors for each subject ranged from 4.2% to 15.5% with a total average percent error across all subjects of 8.2%, while maximum percent errors for each subject ranged from 33.3% to 78.0% with an overall average maximum of 52.4%. Future work will examine sensitivity analyses to identify any potential simplifications to the model and solution process, as well as validate the model on a more complex joint system to ensure it still performs at a satisfactory level.
The logarithmic phase singularity in the inverted harmonic oscillator
Authors: Ullinger Freyja , Zimmermann Matthias , Schleich Wolfgang P.
Published: April 2022

A spacetime singularity is located at the center of a black hole and surrounded by an event horizon, separating spacetime into two disjunct regions: one of them accessible to an outside observer and one that is not. At the event horizon, a logarithmic phase singularity emerges in the mode functions of a massless scalar field, being characteristic for Hawking radiation emitted by the black hole. We demonstrate that related features are present in the elementary quantum system of an inverted harmonic oscillator. Central to our analysis are the energy eigenfunctions of this system and their phase space representation. At first glance, neither a horizon nor a logarithmic phase dependence are apparent. However, both features are hidden in phase space and revealed by a suitable coordinate transformation. In particular, we show that the Fourier transform of a logarithmic phase leads to an expression that is reminiscent of a specific quantum statistics, governing the reflection and transmission coefficients of the inverted harmonic oscillator.
Repeated Sprint Protocols With Standardized Versus Self-Selected Recovery Periods in Elite Youth Soccer Players: Can They Pace Themselves? A Replication Study
Authors: Engel Florian A. , Altmann Stefan , Chtourou Hamdi , Woll Alexander , Neumann Rainer , Yona Tomer , Sperlich Billy
Published: April 2022

Purpose: Replicating the studies of Gibson et al and Brownstein et al to assess performance, and physiological, and perceived variables during a repeated sprint protocol (RSP) with standardized versus self-selected recovery in youth soccer players. Methods: Nineteen male soccer players (age 13.1 [1.3] y) completed 2 separate RSPs. RSP1: 10 × 30-m sprints with 30-second recovery and RSP2: 10 × 30-m sprints interspersed with self-selected recovery periods. Mean time of both 10 × 30-m RSPs and self-selected recovery periods of RSP2 were assessed. Heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and rates of perceived exertion were measured following RSPs. Results: RSP2 revealed longer recovery periods (RSP1: 30.0 [0.0] s; RSP2: 39.0 [7.7] s; P < .001; effect size d = 1.648) with shorter repeated sprint time (mean 30-m sprint time: RSP1: 4.965 [0.256] s; RSP2: 4.865 [0.227] s; P = .014; d = 0.414). Blood lactate concentration (P = .002–.005; d = 0.730–0.958), heart rate (P < .001; d = 1.353), and rates of perceived exertion (RSP1: 14.9 [1.9]; RSP2: 12.9 [2.1]; P = .016; d = 1.046) were higher following RSP1. Conclusion: In contrast to the original studies, the present replication study demonstrated that self-selected recovery periods during a RSP leads to better repeated sprint performance compared with standardized recovery periods in youth soccer players. The better repeated sprint performance with individual recovery durations in RSP2 was achieved with less physiological and perceived effort.
TaCol-B5
modifies spike architecture and enhances grain yield in wheat
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Jia Haiyan , Li Tian , Wu Jizhong , Nagarajan Ragupathi , Lei Lei , Powers Carol , Kan Chia-Cheng , Hua Wei , Liu Zhiyong , Chen Charles , Carver Brett F. , Yan Liuling
Published: April 2022

Spike architecture influences grain yield in wheat. We report the map-based cloning of a gene determining the number of spikelet nodes per spike in common wheat. The cloned gene is named
TaCOL-B5
and encodes a CONSTANS-like protein that is orthologous to
COL5
in plant species. Constitutive overexpression of the dominant
TaCol-B5
allele but without the region encoding B-boxes in a common wheat cultivar increases the number of spikelet nodes per spike and produces more tillers and spikes, thereby enhancing grain yield in transgenic plants under field conditions. Allelic variation in
TaCOL-B5
results in amino acid substitutions leading to differential protein phosphorylation by the protein kinase
Ta
K4. The
TaCol-B5
allele is present in emmer wheat but is rare in a global collection of modern wheat cultivars.
Cryptic and abundant marine viruses at the evolutionary origins of Earth’s RNA virome
Authors: Zayed Ahmed A. , Wainaina James M. , Dominguez-Huerta Guillermo , Pelletier Eric , Guo Jiarong , Mohssen Mohamed , Tian Funing , Pratama Akbar Adjie , Bolduc Benjamin , Zablocki Olivier , Cronin Dylan , Solden Lindsey , Delage Erwan , Alberti Adriana , Aury Jean-Marc , Carradec Quentin , da Silva Corinne , Labadie Karine , Poulain Julie , Ruscheweyh Hans-Joachim , Salazar Guillem , Shatoff Elan ,   Tara Oceans Coordinators‡, Bundschuh Ralf , Fredrick Kurt , Kubatko Laura S. , Chaffron Samuel , Culley Alexander I. , Sunagawa Shinichi , Kuhn Jens H. , Wincker Patrick , Sullivan Matthew B. , Acinas Silvia G. , Babin Marcel , Bork Peer , Boss Emmanuel , Bowler Chris , Cochrane Guy , de Vargas Colomban , Gorsky Gabriel , Guidi Lionel , Grimsley Nigel , Hingamp Pascal , Iudicone Daniele , Jaillon Olivier , Kandels Stefanie , Karp-Boss Lee , Karsenti Eric , Not Fabrice , Ogata Hiroyuki , Poulton Nicole , Pesant Stéphane , Sardet Christian , Speich Sabrinia , Stemmann Lars , Sullivan Matthew B. , Sungawa Shinichi , Wincker Patrick
Published: April 2022

Whereas DNA viruses are known to be abundant, diverse, and commonly key ecosystem players, RNA viruses are insufficiently studied outside disease settings. In this study, we analyzed ≈28 terabases of Global Ocean RNA sequences to expand Earth’s RNA virus catalogs and their taxonomy, investigate their evolutionary origins, and assess their marine biogeography from pole to pole. Using new approaches to optimize discovery and classification, we identified RNA viruses that necessitate substantive revisions of taxonomy (doubling phyla and adding >50% new classes) and evolutionary understanding. “Species”-rank abundance determination revealed that viruses of the new phyla “
Taraviricota
,” a missing link in early RNA virus evolution, and “
Arctiviricota
” are widespread and dominant in the oceans. These efforts provide foundational knowledge critical to integrating RNA viruses into ecological and epidemiological models.
High-entropy nanoparticles: Synthesis-structure-property relationships and data-driven discovery
Authors: Yao Yonggang , Dong Qi , Brozena Alexandra , Luo Jian , Miao Jianwei , Chi Miaofang , Wang Chao , Kevrekidis Ioannis G. , Ren Zhiyong Jason , Greeley Jeffrey , Wang Guofeng , Anapolsky Abraham , Hu Liangbing
Published: April 2022

High-entropy nanoparticles have become a rapidly growing area of research in recent years. Because of their multielemental compositions and unique high-entropy mixing states (i.e., solid-solution) that can lead to tunable activity and enhanced stability, these nanoparticles have received notable attention for catalyst design and exploration. However, this strong potential is also accompanied by grand challenges originating from their vast compositional space and complex atomic structure, which hinder comprehensive exploration and fundamental understanding. Through a multidisciplinary view of synthesis, characterization, catalytic applications, high-throughput screening, and data-driven materials discovery, this review is dedicated to discussing the important progress of high-entropy nanoparticles and unveiling the critical needs for their future development for catalysis, energy, and sustainability applications.
Unlocking the secrets to Janus kinase activation
Authors: Levine Ross L. , Hubbard Stevan R.
Published: April 2022

The full-length structure of a Janus kinase provides insights for drug development
Particle’s mass may tip the scales to new physics
Authors: Cho Adrian
Published: April 2022

New estimate of
W
boson mass conflicts with prediction from “standard model”
Forgiveness of INSTI-Containing Regimens at Drug Concentrations Simulating Variable Adherence
In Vitro
Authors: Acosta Rima K. , D’Antoni Michelle L. , Mulato Andrew , Yant Stephen R. , Cihlar Tomas , White Kirsten L.
Published: April 2022

The integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based regimens bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF), dolutegravir (DTG)+FTC/TAF, DTG/lamivudine (3TC), and DTG/rilpivirine (RPV) are all approved for treatment of HIV-infected patients, with various limitations. Here, time to
in vitro
viral breakthrough (VB) and resistance barrier using simulated human drug exposures at either full or suboptimal treatment adherence to each regimen were compared.
Interplay between Amoxicillin Resistance and Osmotic Stress in Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Windham Ian H. , Merrell D. Scott
Published: April 2022

Rising antibiotic resistance rates in
H. pylori
are associated with increased rates of treatment failure. Understanding how stressors impact antibiotic resistance may shed light on the development of future treatment strategies.
Instructor Perceptions of Student Incivility in the Online Undergraduate Science Classroom
Authors: Abraham Anna E. , Busch Carly A. , Brownell Sara E. , Cooper Katelyn M.
Published: April 2022

Student incivility, defined as a student behavior perceived to be disrespectful or disruptive to the overall learning environment in a course, can negatively affect the science learning environment and instructors. The transition to online science courses during the COVID-19 pandemic created a unique environment for student incivility to take place in undergraduate courses.
Two Novel Rhabdoviruses Related to Hypervirulence in a Phytopathogenic Fungus
Authors: Li Yangyi , Lyu Ruiling , Hai Du , Jia Jichun , Jiang Daohong , Fu Yanping , Cheng Jiasen , Lin Yang , Xie Jiatao
Published: April 2022

Mycoviruses have been attracting an increasing amount of attention due to their impact on important medical, agricultural, and industrial fungi. Rhabdoviruses are prevalent across a wide spectrum of hosts, from plants to invertebrates and vertebrates.
Groundwater silcrete linked to brine migration in a continental rift: An alternative to the near-surface model of silcrete
Authors: Lowe David G. , DeSantis E. , Arnott R.W.C. , Conliffe J.
Published: April 2022

Silcretes have long been recognized as modern and ancient duricrusts, but more recently also as silicified layers precipitated at groundwater tables, termed groundwater silcrete. However, the silica sources, transport mechanisms, and precipitation processes of groundwater silcrete are not well understood, and models are limited to the near-surface groundwater environment, where silica saturation is low. Here, an example of a groundwater silcrete from Upper Cambrian strata of the Potsdam Group is described and interpreted to be formed in a rift where Cambrian fault reactivation coincided with silcrete formation. Field relationships strongly support a connection between fault activity and silicification, including a systematic thickening and development of massive silcrete horizons above shear zones, brecciated silcrete near where faults intersect shear zones, and nodules along the margins of shear zones. Petrographic and cathodoluminescence microscopy of silcrete reveal early pre-compaction overgrowth cements with abundant primary fluid inclusions. Fluid inclusion microthermometry indicates that these fluids were high salinity (22.7–25.8 eq. wt% NaCl+CaCl2) brines with homogenization temperatures of ~120.2 °C–151.6 °C, which implies that silica precipitated from a hot, silica-saturated crustal brine from Grenville Province basement. A combination of weathering reactions and direct quartz dissolution explains the chemical evolution of the source fluid, which likely originated as infiltrated meteoric water that had chemically equilibrated with Grenville crust at depth. Later, this brine was mobilized upward along reactivated faults during the Late Cambrian, and ultimately to the water table, where a combination of reduced pH and temperature promoted quartz supersaturation and quartz overgrowths on detrital quartz. This case example, therefore, expands the definition of silcrete to include near-surface silicification from externally sourced crustal fluids, here termed brine silcrete, and provides a basis for interpreting silcrete as a feature of deformation and fluid migration along shear zones in fault-bounded continental basins.
Late Holocene coseismic uplift of the Kaikōura coast, New Zealand
Authors: Howell Andy , Clark Kate J.
Published: April 2022

The complex 2016 MW 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake ruptured >20 faults and caused highly variable uplift and subsidence of an ~110 km stretch of coastline. The earthquake raised questions about fault interactions in regions of oblique convergence and especially subduction to strike-slip transition zones like the Kaikōura region. We integrate 2016 coastal vertical deformation observations with new mapping and dating of Holocene marine terraces to: (1) compare spatial patterns of 2016 coseismic and longer-term vertical motions, (2) investigate possible past multi-fault ruptures or temporal clusters of earthquakes around Kaikōura, and (3) assess the relative contributions of crustal faults and the Hikurangi subduction interface to late Holocene coastal uplift. We identify possible multi-fault ruptures or loose clusters of earthquakes at ca. 850–550 yr B.P. and ca. 350–100 yr B.P. Most (and possibly all) of the Kaikōura coast has been uplifted over the late Holocene; the 25-km-long Parikawa section of coast subsided coseismically in 2016 but appears to be uplifted through reverse slip on an offshore fault. Late Holocene uplift everywhere along the coastline of interest can be attributed to slip on known upper-plate faults; slip on a shallow-dipping (<20°) subduction interface cannot be ruled out but is not required to explain uplift.
On the Possibility of Reflectionless Propagation of Plane Acoustic Waves in Continuously Stratified Media
Authors: Petukhov Yu. V.
Published: April 2022

The example of vertical propagation of acoustic plane waves in the atmosphere is used to establish that the reflectionless propagation of acoustic waves occurs only in continuously stratified media for which wave equations with variable pressure perturbation and vibrational velocity coefficients are reduced—via the same transformation for the same wave acoustic impedance profile, which is inversely proportional to the refractive index—to a wave comparison equation with constant coefficients. It is shown that the corresponding transformations of the wave equations are possible only for continuously stratified media with a constant wave acoustic impedance.
Two cases of an internal hernia after laparoscopic sigmoid resection
Authors: Plath Liane , Burger Reint , Bueter Marco , Thalheimer Andreas
Published: April 2022

Two patients with a laparoscopic resection of the sigmoid colon in their surgical history were diagnosed with an internal hernia because of a mesenteric gap underneath the descending neocolon. While the first case demonstrated a strongly symptomatic patient with a closed-loop obstruction of the small bowel, the second case was less obvious and correct diagnosis was achieved after a few weeks by finally performing a diagnostic laparoscopy. Since internal hernias after laparoscopic sigmoid resection are a rare complication and as presented in the second case can display very unspecific symptoms, the surgeon’s awareness is not immediately raised towards it. Therefore, an asymptomatic internal hernia bears a constant risk of a life-threatening outcome allowing to recommend an initial closure of the mesenteric gap. In both cases, successful treatment was achieved by surgery and intraoperatively closing the remaining mesenteric gap. Subsequently recovery and follow-up were uneventful.