bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rios urbanos e a politíca de canalização
Authors: Fagundes Beatriz
Published: July 2020

A maioria dos cursos d’água da cidade de Presidente Prudente se encontra com canalização e muitos outros são inacessíveis à população. Os cursos d’água da cidade estão degradados com leitos assoreados, processos erosivos intensos, acúmulo de lixo nas margens e nas áreas adjacentes ao córrego. Por isso, este estudo teve como objetivo investigar como as intervenções e ações do poder público afetaram os córregos urbanos de Presidente Prudente ao longo do tempo, bem como, as leis de proteção a essas águas e a sua aplicabilidade durante o processo de expansão urbana. O estudo compreendeu trabalhos de campo, entrevistas com citadinos, análise de imagens de satélite do Google Earth, de pesquisas que sobre questões ambientais e de produção do espaço urbano de Presidente Prudente, assim como, a análise de vários documentos. Os resultados revelaram que o planejamento urbano de Presidente Prudente privilegiou o setor imobiliário, sem considerar o marco legal que protege os cursos d’água da cidade. Na estruturação da cidade, suas águas foram levadas a circular por galerias de concreto, com subsequente construção de espaços públicos de lazer como solução imediata para os problemas ambientais instalados nos fundos de vale. Esse processo, associado à falta de espaços urbanos valorizando a presença das águas na paisagem, contribuiu para que a população aceitasse as canalizações como destino final das águas urbanas.  ostrar qual a situação atual dessas águas.
Evidencing the gap between health expectancy and life expectancy for ethnic groups in Scotland.
Authors: Cezard Genevieve I
Published: July 2020

Background

Recent evidence has shown that ethnic minorities live longer than the majority population in Scotland. This mortality advantage in ethnic minorities is not unique to Scotland. However, whether morbidity patterns by ethnicity align with mortality patterns by ethnicity is unknown. Thus, this study explores ethnic differences in health expectancies (HE) in Scotland and contrasts HE with life expectancy (LE) findings.

Methods

The Scottish Health and Ethnicity Linkage study anonymously links the Scottish Census 2001 for 4.6 million people to mortality records. The Scottish Census 2001 collected two measures of self-assessed health, self-declared ethnicity, age, and sex. Utilising the life tables used to calculate life expectancy by ethnicity and sex in Scotland, the Sullivan method was employed to calculate two measures of health expectancy (healthy life expectancy and disability-free life expectancy) by ethnicity and sex. 95% confidence intervals were calculated to detect significant differences compared to the majority White Scottish population, taken as reference.

Results

Longer health expectancies were found in males and females of Other White British, Other White, and Chinese origins as well as in Indian males compared to White Scottish populations. Any Mixed Background and Pakistani populations had the shortest healthy life expectancies. Patterns of health expectancy by ethnicity mostly aligned with patterns of life expectancy by ethnicity with the clear exception of the Pakistani population who showed among the longest life expectancies with the shortest health expectancies. Contrasting HE with LE findings, the number of years in an unhealthy state was greater in females than in males for each ethnic group. In relation to ethnicity, Pakistani and Indian populations had the highest number of years in an unhealthy state in Scotland. Pakistani females showed the strong-est disadvantage in this respect.

Conclusion

Pakistani populations had the shortest health expectancies contrasting with the longest life expectancies in Scotland. Future research should aim to understand why such a discrepancy occurs while policy makers ensure that fair and adapt-ed care is provided to offer better quality of life for the most vulnerable.
Интерпретации взросления и формирование образовательных траекторий
Authors: Павленко Екатерина Сергеевна , Якубовская Анастасия Антоновна
Published: July 2020

Большая доля исследований молодежи посвящена тому, как молодежь достигает (или не достигает) взрослости. Критерием взрослости могут выступать различные параметры, например, в исследованиях жизненного курса образцом «взросления» (transition to adulthood) стал паттерн, заданный поколением «бэби-бумеров», сформировавшийся в 1950-1960-е годы, когда уже к 25 годам около половины юношей поколения успевали в строгом порядке получить образование, найти стабильную работу, создать семью и завести детей. Сегодня же все больше говорят о дестандартизации взросления, о том, что многие из этих принятых как стандартные критериев взросления теряют актуальность по мере того, как растет число прекариальных профессий, образование из жизненного этапа становится постоянной деятельностью, а от создания семьи и рождения детей все чаще и вовсе отказываются. Однако взросление не одинаково для всей молодежи, исследователи говорят о «быстром треке» взросления, характерном для молодежи рабочего класса, и об «отложенном взрослении», характерном для молодежи среднего и выше среднего класса, продлевающей время пребывания в системе образования. На фоне этих тенденций приобретает актуальность изучение того, как современная молодежь представляет взросление и как молодые люди и девушки к нему стремятся. В данной работе мы описываем, какие интерпретации взросления конструирует молодежь, какие символические различения в них присутствуют и как различаются интерпретации взросления в зависимости от образовательного трека (СПО или вуз) и от уровня образования родителей.
Благодарность. В работе использованы результаты проекта «Траектории в образовании и профессии», выполненного в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований НИУ ВШЭ в 2019 г.
Благополучие аспирантов: обзор исследований и практик
Authors: Бекова Сауле Каэржановна
Published: July 2020

Изучение благополучия в образовании и профессии стало одним из самых актуальных и популярных направлений исследований. Статьи, посвященные различным аспектам благополучия аспирантов, выходят в ведущих журналах по тематике образования и общенаучных изданиях, а университеты разрабатывают программы по формированию благоприятной среды. Благополучие аспирантов рассматривается как залог благополучия во всей академической среде. Однако в России эта тема только набирает популярность. В данной статье автор предлагает обзор проведенных исследований по теме благополучия аспирантов. Представленные варианты определения и способы измерения благополучия, а также описание и анализ основных факторов, которые вносят положительный или негативный вклад в оценку аспирантами своего благополучия, могут быть использованы для формировании исследовательской повестки, а также для соответствующих интервенций с учетом потребностей аспирантов.
Благодарность. Публикация подготовлена в рамках поддержанного Российским фондом фундаментальных исследований (РФФИ) научного проекта № 19-113-50238.
Wstęp. Czynnik ludzki w przekładzie literackim – teorie, historie, praktyki
Authors: Rajewska Ewa
Published: July 2020

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Translations as Icebergs, Translators as Navigators: a Poetic Case Study
Authors: Gicala Agnieszka
Published: July 2020

Following the iceberg model of culture, the present study offers a view of a poetic text and its translations as the tips of cultural-linguistic icebergs. This assigns to the translator the task of navigating the meanders of the source and target languages as well as diving below the surface of words. This thesis is exemplified by an analysis of English translations of Wisława Szymborska’s poem Rozmowa z kamieniem with its keyword kamień and its underlying cultural-linguistic foundations, supported by the concept of linguistic worldview. Hopefully, in this framework the human factor in translation still is, and will always be, irreplaceable.
Test Turinga dla (automatycznego) przekładu poezji
Authors: Studzińska Joanna
Published: July 2020

W 1950 roku wybitny brytyjski matematyk Alan Turing zaproponował test określający zdolność komputera do generowania zdań języka naturalnego. Komputer pomyślnie przechodził próbę, jeśli rozmawiający z nim za pośrednictwem ekranu człowiek nie był w stanie stwierdzić, czy jego interlokutorem jest homo sapiens, czy maszyna. Dziś dynamiczny rozwój komputerowych programów tłumaczeniowych skłania do pytań o możliwości maszynowego przekładu tekstu literackiego, w tym poetyckiego. Czy tłumacz elektroniczny może przełożyć wiersz tak, by odbiorca myślał, że przekładu dokonał człowiek? Jakie zjawiska językowe i tekstowe najbardziej demaskują sztuczną inteligencję translatora? Czy stworzony w ten sposób tekst można rozpatrywać w kategorii dzieła sztuki?
Under which King, Bezonian? Literary Studies between Hermeneutics and Quantification
Authors: Moretti Franco
Published: July 2020

What is the relationship between the quantitative literary history of the past twenty years and the older hermeneutic tradition? Answers have typically been of two kinds: for many in the interpretive camp, the two approaches are incompatible, and the newer one has little or no critical value; for most quantitative researchers, they are instead perfectly compatible, and in fact complementary. Here, I will propose a thirdpossibility, that will emerge step by step from a comparison of how the two strategies work. How they work, literally; in the conviction that practices – what we learn to do by doing, by professional habit, and often without being fully aware of what we are doing – have frequently larger theoretical implications than theoretical statements themselves. In other words: understanding what a research paradigm does, ratherthan what it declares it wants to do. This is the plan.
Rosyjskie. Europejskie. Oświecone. Rozumne. O obecności Rosji w Azji Środkowej (i nie tylko)
Authors: Polak Andrzej
Published: July 2020

The author of the paper, using tools developed by postcolonial researchers, discusses the works of twentieth-century Russian writers. The setting of these texts is in the territory of Central Asia, Siberia or the Caucasus, constituting one of the factors defining them as the so-called Eastern text of Russian literature. Although most of the writers come from the other parts of Russia and – in most cases – are of Slavic descent, they know these regions quite well. These writers, however, are little interested in the problems of indigenous peoples, as long as they are not related to nationwide issues such as industrialization, collectivization or the labour camp system. The issues of destruction and loss of cultural identity, subordination, enslavement and exploitation of the local population are often omitted. The main characters in the works of Russian writers are invariably Russians, and their reference point is the Russian (Soviet) state.
Design of Learning Media: Modeling & Simulation of Building Thermal Comfort Optimization System in Building Physics Course
Authors: Wati E. K. , Widiansyah N.
Published: July 2020

The use of instructional media is something that can support the teaching and learning process; therefore, a lecturer must have the ability to create and develop learning media. This study aims to improve student learning outcomes in building physics course by using simulation learning media and models to help students understand thermal comfort material. Making modelling and simulation media is done using MATLAB software. The subjects of this study were physics engineering students who took Building Physics course. At the beginning of the study, students are given material and then in groups discuss thermal contents and then given a pretest test with an average score of 70.27, and for an average grade of 71.3 assignments. At the meeting next week, using the Student-Centered Learning (SCL) method and using problem-based learning in groups, students take temperature measurements in several rooms in the Building at the UNAS Physical Engineering Laboratory. The measurement results show that the room does not have thermal requirements (PERGUB No. 38/2012), so students have the task of conducting experiments using models that have been created by researchers to create learning media to improve comfort in using thermal buildings. Simulation results carried out by students, that is, can produce rooms with thermal conditions at 21-25°C (PERGUB No. 38/2012). This simulation is also able to provide the score of building energy efficiency. After students succeed in conducting the test, the assessment test or posttest is carried out with an average score obtained 80.55, and an average score of 80 assignments. The results of the pretest, assignment 1, assignment 2, and posttest show an increase in students’ scores of 14.6% for the Test and Task Score of 12.20%. Based on the hypothesis test, for both variables showed t-count < t-table and significance < 0.05. It shows there are significant differences in student learning outcomes both test scores and assignment scores before and after using a simulated media. Thus, the system and simulation model designed can be used as learning media that can improve student learning outcomes.
Multi-hop Communication between LoRa End Devices
Authors: Triwidyastuti Yosefine , Musayyanah Musayyanah , Ernawati Fifin , Affandi Charisma Dimas
Published: July 2020

Gateway elimination in a LoRa network could highly reduce the network installation cost. However, LoRa end devices could not overcome many obstacles with only a point-to-point communication. Thus, this research implemented a multi-hop communication in a LoRa network. One or more LoRa end devices are placed between the source node and the destination node to act as relay nodes. A simple routing based on the packet length is configured to determine the packet transmission path. As the results, the designed multi-hop communication could improve packet success rate until 2,47 times in indoor environment. Whereas, the optimum delay time for multi-hop communication is 100 ms for each hop to produce high PRR and lowest RTT.
A Combination of Hill Cipher and LSB for Image Security
Authors: Mulyono Ibnu Utomo Wahyu , Susanto Ajib , Febrian Muhamad Rizky Fajar , Rosyida Ghaitsa Ardelia
Published: July 2020

The maximum value obtained to test the encrypt hill cipher uses the avalanche effect with modification of one, two, three, and four key matrices 35.71%, therefore an additional security technique is needed. The Least Significant Bit (LSB) method is used to insert the ciphertext that has been generated from the hill cipher algorithm, has been testing using RGB, CMY, CMYK and YUV shapes with 6142 characters in 128 x 128 character images producing the highest PSNR value of 51.2826 dB in CMYK images. Steganography technique is applied because it has advantages in terms of imperceptibility, for example the results of a stego image are so similar to the original image that it is difficult to be distinguished by the human senses. Tests were carried out with 10 images, five images measuring 512 x 512 and five images measuring 16 x 16. While the messages to be inserted were 240, 480, and 960 characters for images measuring 512 x 512 and 24, 48 and 88 characters for images measuring 16 x16. Test results that I have done are calculated using Mean Square Error (MSE) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) with a minimum PSNR of 51.2907 dB which means the resulting image is quite good. Computation time is calculated using tic toc on Matlab by encrypting 2000 and 6000 characters, and also computation time.
Fatal high-grade skull osteosarcoma 30 years following radiotherapy for Cushing’s disease
Authors: Wang Mawson , Jonker Benjamin , Killen Louise , Bogum Yvonne , McCormack Ann , Bishay Ramy H
Published: July 2020

Cushing’s disease is a rare disorder characterised by excessive cortisol production as a consequence of a corticotroph pituitary tumour. While the primary treatment is surgical resection, post-operative radiation therapy may be used in cases of ongoing inadequate hormonal control or residual or progressive structural disease. Despite improved outcomes, radiotherapy for pituitary tumours is associated with hypopituitarism, visual deficits and, rarely, secondary malignancies. We describe an unusual case of a 67-year-old female with presumed Cushing’s disease diagnosed at the age of 37, treated with transsphenoidal resection of a pituitary tumour with post-operative external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), ketoconazole for steroidogenesis inhibition, and finally bilateral adrenalectomy for refractory disease. She presented 30 years after her treatment with a witnessed generalised tonic-clonic seizure. Radiological investigations confirmed an extracranial mass infiltrating through the temporal bone and into brain parenchyma. Due to recurrent generalised seizures, the patient was intubated and commenced on dexamethasone and anti-epileptic therapy. Resection of the tumour revealed a high-grade osteoblastic osteosarcoma. Unfortunately, the patient deteriorated in intensive care and suffered a fatal cardiac arrest following a likely aspiration event. We describe the risk factors, prevalence and treatment of radiation-induced osteosarcoma, an exceedingly rare and late complication of pituitary irradiation. To our knowledge, this is the longest reported latency period between pituitary irradiation and the development of an osteosarcoma of the skull.

Learning points:

Cushing’s disease is treated with transsphenoidal resection as first-line therapy, with radiotherapy used in cases of incomplete resection, disease recurrence or persistent hypercortisolism.

The most common long-term adverse outcome of pituitary tumour irradiation is hypopituitarism occurring in 30–60% of patients at 10 years, and less commonly, vision loss and oculomotor nerve palsies, radiation-induced brain tumours and sarcomas.

Currently proposed characteristics of radiation-induced osteosarcomas include: the finding of a different histological type to the primary tumour, has developed within or adjacent to the path of the radiation beam, and a latency period of at least 3 years.

Treatment of osteosarcoma of the skull include complete surgical excision, followed by systemic chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.

Overall prognosis in radiation-induced sarcoma of bone is poor.

Newer techniques such as stereotactic radiosurgery may reduce the incidence of radiation-induced malignancies.
La empresa y los accidentes en el ámbito laboral. Caso de algunas empresas peruanas
Authors: Armas Morales Carlos Eduardo
Published: July 2020

La Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo en el Perú: Ley No. 29786, promulgada en el 2011, se contradice con la importancia de la seguridad del trabajador en el trabajo, asumiendo que es quien genera el ingreso de las familias y asimismo es contribuyente tanto de la renta empresarial como, a nivel macro, del Producto Bruto Interno. Desde esa óptica, las empresas deben comportarse con liderazgo e idoneidad, asumiendo el cumplimiento de la ley e implementado ambientes laborales que prevengan y protejan de riesgos de accidentes en áreas laborales, con el fin de evitarlos o minimizarlos. En esta perspectiva, el artículo explora y describe bajo un enfoque cualitativo, si un grupo de empresas tiene un comportamiento idóneo en materia de seguridad en el trabajo. Los resultados obtenidos indican que los grupos de empresas evaluadas no asumen un comportamiento adecuado para tal finalidad.
Changes in Prognosis of Heterotaxy Syndrome Over Time
Authors: Banka Puja , Adar Adi , Schaetzle Barbara , Sleeper Lynn A. , Emani Sitaram , Geva Tal
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND:

Long-term outcomes in heterotaxy syndrome (HS) are poorly described. Some reports suggest improved survival in the recent era, whereas others do not. We sought to describe long-term outcomes and assess whether outcomes have changed over time.

METHODS:

Patients with HS born between 1985 and 2014 who had cardiac care (except initial palliation) at our institution were divided into 4 birth eras and survival over time was compared. Independent risk factors for mortality were identified by using Cox proportional hazards regression. In patients who underwent surgery, association between surgical pathway (univentricular versus biventricular repair) and mortality after adjusting for baseline confounders was evaluated. A risk stratification model was created by using classification and regression analysis.

RESULTS:

Among 264 patients, 118 (44.7%) had asplenia and 146 (55.3%) had polysplenia syndrome. Overall mortality was 40.2% (n = 106), with median follow-up of 10.2 years (longest 31.5 years). In multivariable analysis, pulmonary vein stenosis, coarctation, univentricular circulation, asplenia phenotype, and at least mild atrioventricular valve regurgitation at presentation were associated with mortality, whereas birth era was not. Among patients who underwent surgery, univentricular repair remained associated with mortality after adjustment. In classification and regression analysis, patients with biventricular circulation (especially those with polysplenia) had lower mortality than those with univentricular circulation.

CONCLUSIONS:

In this large retrospective study of HS, outcomes remain poor and have not improved since the early 1990s. We identified risks factors associated with earlier mortality and found that those with univentricular circulation and totally anomalous pulmonary venous connection had the worst prognosis. Survival was higher in those with biventricular circulation.
Studi Alternatif Bangunan Pengaman Pantai di Pesisir Kabupaten Karawang
Authors: Pasaribu Roberto Patar , Irwan Asep , Soeprijadi Liliek , Pattirane Chrisoetanto
Published: July 2020

Dinamika oseanografi pantai Karawang sangat dipengaruhi oleh gelombang dari Laut Jawa. Proses hidro-oseanografi ini menyebabkan kerusakan di beberapa tempat di Pantai Utara Karawang. Penyebab kerusakan yang paling utama adalah gelombang laut yang datang dari arah timur laut. Gelombang ini menyebabkan adanya arus sejajar pantai dan tegak lurus pantai yang menyebabkan terjadinya abrasi dan sedimentasi pantai. Kerusakan pantai dapat dicegah dengan mendirikan bangunan pengaman pantai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan jenis bangunan pengaman pantai sebagai salah satu cara mencegah kerusakan pantai di pesisir kabupaten Karawang dengan cara mengumpulkan, mengolah dan menganalisis data batimetri, angin dan pasang surut.  Berdasarkan analisis data pasang surut dapat menentukan elevasi bangunan, dari pengolahan data angin diperoleh peramalan gelombang berupa tinggi, periode, dan arah gelombang. Hasil analisis gelombang, batimetri dan topografi, diperoleh bahwa jenis bangunan pantai yang sesuai untuk pengaman pantai di pesisir kabupaten Karawang adalah bangunan breakwater dan groin. Breakwater dan groin dipilih untuk pengaman pantai di pantai Karawang karena dapat mengurangi limpasan gelombang yang terjadi, sehingga dapat melindungi pantai dari gempuran gelombang supaya tidak terjadi abrasi.
Pengaruh Penambahan Gracilaria sp. terhadap Mutu Sosis Ikan Bandeng (Chanos chanos)
Authors: Permadi Aef , Wulansari Devi , Tanjung Anasri , Aripudin Aripudin
Published: July 2020

Sosis ikan mengandung protein tinggi yang dapat bermanfaat bagi pertumbuhan anak. Sosis ikan dapat dikombinasikan dengan sumber gizi lain untuk meningkatkan nilai gizinya. Penambahan Gracilaria sp. dalam pembuatan sosis ikan bandeng dapat meningkatkan nilai gizi dan kandungan serat pangannya (dietary fiber).  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan bubur Gracilaria sp. dan daging ikan bandeng yang disukai panelis, dan pengaruh penambahan konsentrasi bubur Gracilaria sp. terhadap kadar proksimat dan zat besi pada sosis ikan bandeng.  Objek penelitian dibagi menjadi 2 (dua) kelompok percobaan yaitu: A0,  kelompok kontrol (sosis ikan bandeng tanpa penambahan bubur Gracilaria sp.) dan A1, kelompok sosis ikan bandeng dengan penambahan bubur Gracilaria sp. Penambahan bubur Gracilaria sp. sebanyak 1 : 8 (70 g : 580 g) dari berat lumatan daging ikan menghasilkan produk yang disukai oleh panelis dengan penambahan bubur Gracilaria sp. dapat meningkatkan nilai tekstur dan gel forming ability, serta dapat meningkatkan kadar serat pada sosis, namun mempengaruhi penurunan kadar protein dan lemak.
A phonetic case study on prosodic variability in suicidal emergency calls
Authors: Tavi Lauri , Werner Stefan
Published: July 2020

Speech prosody has been applied in numerous speech emotion recognition tasks. Yet, especially in forensic speech science, a need for acoustic-phonetic analyses with human evaluation still exists since many current speech emotion models are trained with speech data wherein emotions are considered as constant states and the dynamic effects of the interlocutor have been disregarded; for instance, during an emergency call, the caller's emotional prosody varies according to the communication with the emergency operator, which causes problems for existing speech emotion models when analysing individual emergency recordings. In this phonetic case study, prosodic variation was investigated in two suicidal emergency calls; eight prosodic features from two adult male callers were analysed before and after hearing the emergency operators’ offer to help. In addition, the existence of a possible linear association between the emergency operator's and the caller's prosodic features were evaluated. The results show that caller and operator pitch are negatively correlated (?0.33), and half of callers’ prosodic features vary significantly (p < 0.05) after hearing the offer of help.
Lipocalin-2 Exacerbates Lupus Nephritis by Promoting Th1 Cell Differentiation
Authors: Chen Weiwei , Li Wenchao , Zhang Zhuoya , Tang Xiaojun , Wu Shufang , Yao Genhong , Li Kang , Wang Dandan , Xu Yuemei , Feng Ruihai , Duan Xiaoxiao , Fan Xiangshan , Lu Liwei , Chen WanJun , Li Chaojun , Sun Lingyun
Published: July 2020

Significance Statement

Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is an indicator of the severity of lupus nephritis (LN), but its exact role and the underlying mechanism of its association with the condition remain unclear. LCN2 is a key regulator of T helper type 1 (Th1) cell differentiation in the pathogenesis of LN, acting through the IL-12/signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 pathway in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Amelioration of nephritis in MRL/lpr mice given LCN2-neutralizing antibodies and in pristane-treated LCN2

−/−
mice, provides the first proof of concept that decreasing LCN2 protects against renal injury through dampening the Th1 response. LCN2 blockade may present a promising new strategy to attenuate LN.

Background

Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is an indicator of the severity of lupus nephritis (LN) and plays a pivotal role in immune responses, but it is not known if its effect on LN pathogenesis derives from regulating the immune imbalance of T lymphocyte subsets.

Methods

The expression of LCN2 in T cells and kidneys was assessed in renal biopsies from patients with LN. We investigated the relationship between LCN2 levels and development of LN and systemic illness by injecting anti-LCN2 antibodies into MRL/lpr mice and analyzing pristane-treated LCN2

−/−
mice.

Results

LCN2 is highly expressed in CD4+ T cells and in renal tissues, and is associated with severe renal damage in patients with LN and in mice with experimental lupus. LCN2 promotes IFN-γ overexpression in CD4+ T cells through the IL-12/STAT4 pathway in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Both neutralization of LCN2 in MRL/lpr mice and genetic depletion of LCN2 in pristane-induced lupus mice greatly ameliorate nephritis. The frequency and number of splenic and renal Th1 cells decrease in proportion to LN disease activity. Conversely, administration of LCN2 exacerbates the disease with significantly higher renal activity scores and increased numbers of Th1 cells.

Conclusions

LCN2 plays a crucial role in Th1 cell differentiation, and may present a potential therapeutic target for LN.
Bank Complexity, Governance, and Risk
Authors: Correa Ricardo , Goldberg Linda S.
Published: July 2020

Bank holding companies (BHCs) can be complex organizations, conducting multiple lines of business through many distinct legal entities and across a range of geographies. While such complexity raises the the costs of bank resolution when organizations fail, the effect of complexity on BHCs' broader risk profiles is less well understood. Business, organizational, and geographic complexity can engender explicit trade-offs between the agency problems that increase risk and the diversification, liquidity management, and synergy improvements that reduce risk. The outcomes of such trade-offs may depend on bank governance arrangements. We test these conjectures using data on large U.S. BHCs for the 1996-2018 period. Organizational complexity and geographic scope tend to provide diversification gains and reduce idiosyncratic and liquidity risks while also increasing BHCs' exposure to systematic and systemic risks. Regulatory changes focused on organizational complexity have significantly reduced this type of complexity, leading to a decrease in systemic risk and an increase in liquidity risk among BHCs. While bank governance structures have, in some cases, significantly affected the buildup of BHC complexity, better governance arrangements have not moderated the effects of complexity on risk outcomes.
Natural Disasters, Climate Change, and Sovereign Risk
Authors: Mallucci Enrico
Published: July 2020

I investigate how natural disaster can exacerbate fiscal vulnerabilities and trigger sovereign defaults. I extend a standard sovereign default model to include disaster risk and calibrate it to a sample of seven Caribbean countries that are frequently hit by hurricanes. I find that hurricane risk reduces government&amp;amp;#x27;s ability to issue debt and that climate change may further restrict market access. Next, I show that &amp;amp;quot;disaster clauses&amp;amp;quot;, that provide debt-servicing relief, improve government ability to borrow and mitigate the adverse impact of climate change on government&amp;amp;#x27;s borrowing conditions.
Computerizing Households and the Role of Investment-Specific Productivity in Business Cycles
Authors: Oh Hyunseung , Na Seunghoon
Published: July 2020

Advancements in computer technology have reshaped not only business operations but also household consumption. We estimate a business-cycle model disaggregating consumer IT and non-IT durable goods from the capital stock. We find that shocks to the supply of IT durables account for more than half of the variation in house- holds' real expenditure on IT durables. Furthermore, investment-specific productivity shocks drove nearly half of the rapid growth in household durable expenditures during the 2000s. Nonetheless, they have small influence over output dynamics, because unlike business investment goods, consumer durables do not add to the productive capital of the economy. The shocks become important when household IT goods are complementary to firms' capital, such as when online services are provided through consumers' smartphones.
Tecnología para la formación temprana de resistencia al estrés en el sistema de prevención de la mala adaptación escolar de alumnos de primer grado
Authors: L. Grigoryevа Elena , V. Volkova Irina , N. Baranov Andrey , I. Aksenov Sergey , V. Bystritskaya Elena , A. Musin Oleg , V. Lebedkina Maria
Published: July 2020

La relevancia del problema declarado de la crisis de los niños de 6 a 7 años está dictada por la tendencia cada vez mayor de traer a los niños a las instituciones preescolares después de un corto período en la escuela por parte de los padres que notan la condición dolorosa del niño asociada con la mala adaptación escolar. En este sentido, muchos investigadores y educadores en ejercicio recomiendan revisar las fechas de inicio de los niños en la escuela para que el niño comience la escuela a la edad de siete años. Otros maestros notan un aumento significativo en la carga de trabajo de los escolares de primaria relacionados con la introducción del Estándar Educativo del Estado Federal para la Educación General Primaria y las formas correspondientes de actividades de control y evaluación. Por lo tanto, era necesario desarrollar nuevas tecnologías para preservar la salud de los estudiantes más jóvenes y permitirles superar la crisis del inicio de la educación. El propósito del artículo es describir la tecnología desarrollada destinada a ayudar a niños de 6 a 7 años a superar la crisis de la edad y prevenir la mala adaptación escolar con la ayuda de la formación temprana de tolerancia al estrés. El método principal en el estudio es el diseño de una tecnología para la formación temprana de tolerancia al estrés y la predicción de los resultados de su implementación en los grupos experimentales de niños de 6-7 años. La tecnología se basa en los principios de continuidad del proceso educativo entre las organizaciones educativas preescolares y las escuelas. Con la implementación de la tecnología desarrollada se lograron los siguientes resultados: mayor motivación para el éxito y un mayor nivel de salud somática manifestado en actividades deportivas y creativas. Los resultados mencionados a su vez contribuyeron a la prevención de crisis, la privación escolar de los alumnos de primer grado y la superación cómoda de la crisis de los niños de 6 a 7 años. Los materiales del artículo pueden ser útiles para los organizadores de actividades deportivas y creativas en instituciones educativas preescolares, educadores de grupos preparatorios, maestros, metodólogos en educación preescolar y primaria, así como maestros de educación física y maestros de primaria. Los materiales del artículo se pueden utilizar en el sistema de formación avanzada de docentes de educación física y primaria, así como en la preparación de actividades profesionales en instituciones educativas preescolares y escuelas primarias de estudiantes de escuelas de formación de docentes y universidades.
CLEANING TECHNOLOGIES IN PLACEMENT FACILITIES
Authors: Arpul Oksana , Savulevych Iryna
Published: July 2020

The purpose of the article is to introduce modern cleaning technologies in hotels by reducing the harmful effects of chemicals on human health and the environment.

Method. The research is based on scientific methods of analysis and comparison of information.

Results. The negative impact of modern detergents used by hotel companies on the human body and the environment has been determined. The most aggressive components of chemistry and their harmful effects when used on humans are listed. The comparison of the most popular professional cleaners with the green type of cleaning products and their neutral effect on the environment and efficiency during use.

Scientific novelty. One of the innovative areas in the field of professional cleaning in hotel enterprises is green cleaning, which uses solutions and technologies aimed at minimizing the harmful effects on the human body and the environment. This includes the use of cleaners based on natural components, the reduction of water consumption and the amount of chemicals used through the use of pre-treatment methods, the use of innovative materials and equipment, improving the energy efficiency of apparatus and machines and more. The principle of work of environmental cleaners is shown, which is based not on removal of contaminants by their dissolution (alkaline purifiers) or chemical reaction (acid purifiers), but on the removal of dirt from the surface by means of water base and organic compounds.

Practical importance. The European experience in the use of environmentally friendly solutions proves that the use of green-series means can optimize the cost of maintaining facilities. Thanks to the "green" type of cleaning, protective films and coatings are formed on surfaces that are washable and cleanable. This allows them to extend their service life, which is very important in our economic environment. Eco-friendly goods or products are valued much higher and hotel services are no exception. Positioning the hotel as an eco-hotel gives the owner a number of competitive advantages, for example, the ability to use the new status for advertising purposes, create a favorable microclimate for guests and increase the rate of loading of the room.
The role of prenatal diagnosis of abnormally invasive placenta in pregnancy outcome
Authors: Ungiadze J. Yu. , Nikuradze I. V. , Zamtaradze N. D.
Published: July 2020

Aim: to demonstrate the role and importance of prenatal diagnosis of abnormally invasive placenta.Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of 3 clinical cases of the delivery in Health Center Medina. All women were diagnosed with the complete placenta praevia and invasion of chorion in the myometrium, the last was confirmed by the results of histological examination. Anamnesis data, extragenital pathology and results of examination during pregnancy were analyzed. In the prenatal period the diagnosis was confirmed by the results of ultrasound examination and MRI in two women.Results. All women were diagnosed with the different degree of placenta praevia, 2 women had a cesarean section in the past history. All patients had unifetal pregnancy without complications and no extragenital pathology was noted. 2 women were diagnosed with the placenta praevia using ultrasound scan and MRI, were estimated the degree and topography of placental invasion. Both women had planned caesarean section. During operation was performed autohemotransfusion using a Cell Saver system. In one of the cases urgent c-section was performed due to the massive bleeding, presence of placental invasion was diagnosed intraoperatively. Hysterectomy was performed in all 3 cases, total blood loss was 950–1450 ml in patients with the prenatally diagnosed invasive placentation. Iliac artery ligation was performed to the third patient, due to excessive bleeding and development of coagulopathy, 1200 ml of fresh frozen plasma has been transfused for correction of coagulopathy, as well as transfusion of donor erythrocyte mass.Conclusion. Probably the development of placental invasion abnormalities along with other factors is mostly affected by presence of placenta previa and cesarean section in the patient’s past history. Prenatal assessment of presence and degree of the abnormal placental invasion is important factor for planning of delivery: gestational age, method and the hospital level.
“I Hesitate but I Do Have Hope”: Youth Speculative Civic Literacies for Troubled Times
Authors: MIRRA NICOLE , GARCIA ANTERO
Published: July 2020

In this essay, Nicole Mirra and Antero Garcia explore how young people from six demographically distinct communities across the United States understand the social and political issues affecting their lives, engage in storytelling and dialogue across differences, and collaboratively imagine humanizing and hopeful civic futures. Drawing from critical race perspectives on democracy and civic education, and with an expansive vision of the nature and purpose of literacy, Mirra and Garcia develop a speculative approach to civic literacy research and practice that centers the voices and concerns of young people, honors differences of identity and expression, and manifests ideological commitments to equity, empathy, and collective struggle to ward off civic disintegration. Findings from their social design-based experiment foreground counterstories in which youth challenge their positioning as not-yet-citizens, create opportunities to engage in civic life on their own terms, and leverage their repertoire of literacy practices to invent new possibilities for inclusive democratic community life.
El Estado-Nación en Colombia como orden jurídico-político híbrido: Revisión teórica a propósito de la noción de ‘Failed State’
Authors: ALONSO NIÑO EDWIN HERNANDO , GARCÍA JARA RODRIGO , SILVA PERILLA SEBASTIÁN
Published: July 2020

Como consecuencia de los conflictos sociales, económicos y militares, Colombia ha sido considerada a lo largo de la historia como un Estado fallido o en fracaso. Los últimos estudios realizados por Fund for Peace demuestran que Colombia, aunque ha alcanzado una mejoría, aún se encuentra en una advertencia elevada frente a los índices de estatalidad, dejando varias deudas en temas de seguridad estatal, fragmentación del Estado y desarrollo económico (FFP, 2018).

Siguiendo con lo anterior, los análisis de estatalidad que determinan el nivel de éxito de un orden jurídico-político y que estudian factores económicos, políticos, y sociales, tienen una notable influencia europea occidental, como consecuencia del Estado moderno que se ha desarrollado por autores de influencia contractual. A pesar de lo descrito, estos estudios son aplicados en países de América del sur, como Colombia, que poseen condiciones geográficas, sociales, culturales e históricas muy diferentes a los Estados del continente europeo, lo cual puede conllevar a errores debido a que tienen características diferentes.

 

Por consiguiente, en el presente artículo se busca realizar un análisis conceptual de la hibridez estatal, comenzando con la definición de Estado moderno, desde un enfoque social y jurídico, continuando con la explicación de hibridez cultural, teniendo como referencia la relación legalidad-ilegalidad que contribuye en la construcción de Estado, para de esta manera edificar una definición de Estado hibrido y así, postular la hibridez estatal como una forma de organización jurídico-política en Colombia.
Fundamentos teóricos y requisitos en la ordenación y ejecución de las inspecciones e intervenciones corporales, desde el escenario del Derecho Penal
Authors: MEDINA BATISTA DIANA
Published: July 2020

La práctica de inspecciones e intervenciones corporales en la investigación penal exige además del estricto respeto a los Derechos Humanos las necesarias condiciones de licitud en su práctica para que la actuación jurisdiccional no se vea afectada por ilicitudes probatorias y nulidades procesales. Son estos los aspectos esenciales que bajo la conducción del contenido del principio de proporcionalidad establecen las condiciones de licitud para la posterior valoración procesal de los resultados de tales prácticas.
Constitución Política: ¿Fuente y/o límite del Derecho Penal?
Authors: HUERTAS DÍAZ OMAR , YAHIR OVIEDO ISLEN , BAYONA HERNÁNDEZ LUIS ANTONIO
Published: July 2020

En el presente artículo se examina la cuestión relativa al tratamiento de la Constitución Política -en tanto Carta de orientación normativa fundante del Estado moderno- como fuente y/o límite del Derecho Penal. En estricto rigor, se aborda el análisis del siempre vigente debate acerca de la relación entre el Ius Puniendi, en cabeza del poder estatal, y la Norma de Normas como elemento fundante –fuente- y/o como parámetro jurídico que impone un “techo” a la función punitiva del Estado. Se reflexiona en torno a la consideración de esta relación desde una visión externa del Derecho Penal, así como desde su visión interna basándose en las propuestas propias del garantismo penal, el Derecho Penal Mínimo y la principialistica constitucional y penal. Se ofrecen algunas conclusiones que se han considerado “abiertas”, como quiera que el debate frente al pre comentado tema aún es profundo y, más allá de pretender cerrar el mismo, se exhorta a la reflexión académica a partir de lo aquí expuesto.
El estado regional y su aplicablidad en Colombia
Authors: ÁLVAREZ DÍAZ OSCAR LUIS
Published: July 2020

El Estado regional como una variante del Estado compuesto a semejanza de la nación española,  es una forma organizativa territorial que no puede ser acogida en la legislación colombiana , explicar los motivos o las razones constitucionales  para arribar a dicha conclusión es el propósito  central de esta líneas.

Lo anterior se fundamenta en la estructura organizativa del poder político actual configurado por el constituyente, que siendo un Estado unitario no posibilita la adopción de comunidades autónomas  como las existentes en España, siendo la enmienda constitucional por quien tiene poder de reforma y sustitución el mecanismo adecuado para mutuar la forma del  Estado .colombiano.
Avant-Propos/Foreword
Authors: Anderson Ian , Seguin Kady
Published: July 2020

Merci de votre intérêt envers Potentia, le Journal des étudiants diplômés du Centre d’études en politiques internationales (CÉPI) de l’Université d’Ottawa. Cette édition marque l’inauguration du journal et nous espérons qu’elle sera la première d’une série de contributions intellectuelles riches et stimulantes au discours sur la politique internationale au Canada et dans le monde.

Thank you for your interest in Potentia, the Graduate Student Journal of the Centre for International Policy Studies (CIPS) at the University of Ottawa. This marks the Journal’s inaugural edition. We hope it is the first of many thought-provoking and insightful contributions to international policy discourse in Canada and the world.
Reconsidering Canadian Citizenship Policy in an Era of Globalization
Authors: Breaugh Jessica , DeJong Catherine , Rutherford Lauren
Published: July 2020

Over the last half of the 20th century, forces of globalization have lead to a significant growth in the number of international migrants, and influenced the national governments of emigrant and immigrant countries to implement dual citizenship policies. This paper will argue that global forces have intensified the extraordinary growth of dual citizenship in Canada, changing the social meaning attributed to dual citizenship and placing internal and external pressures on the government to re-evaluate existing citizenship policies and the rights afforded to non-resident Canadians. The first section of this paper will address the theoretical framework of citizenship policy in Canada, as well as its historical foundations. The second section will discuss the forces of globalization, exploring the reasons behind the dramatic increase in dual citizenship. To conclude, the final section will examine the impact of these pressures on Canadian domestic policy as seen through the public debate surrounding the Lebanon evacuation, and the recent revision of policies granting citizenship to third generation nonresident Canadians. The final thoughts section will speak to recommended policy considerations for government.
Avant-Propos/Foreword
Authors: O'Keefe Meghan , Reyes Nathan
Published: July 2020

Cette édition constitue le deuxième numéro de la Revue des étudiants aux cycles supérieurs du Centre d’études en politiques internationales, Potentia. While the journal is still in its infancy, this has been a monumental year for Potentia.
The China Threat
Authors: Richardson Graham
Published: July 2020

The relationship between the United States and China is an extraordinarily challenging one, giving rise to the American perception of a growing ‘China Threat’. Yet there is need for a careful reappraisal of the so-called ‘China Threat’. China is not only a trading partner of unparalleled importance, but an increasingly important political player, with influence in key areas of United States (U.S.) interest. A closer look at the domestic, cultural, and historical imperatives which shape Chinese foreign policy presents an alternative perspective of the China Threat. A re-interpretation of the China Threat would pave the way for increased U.S. influence in Chinese foreign policy, while reducing the likelihood of the worst of all possible outcomes: deteriorated relations and the possibility of open conflict between the two powers. The American government must use every tool at its disposal to ensure it can exert the maximum possible influence over the decisions and actions of the rising Chinese behemoth. Allowing a stark, black and white portrayal of the China Threat to fester will only restrict U.S. policy makers and increase the odds of negative outcomes.