bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De la oscuridad al cielo azul, a un futuro optimista: Escuchamos las palabras de Pueblos Indígenas, comunidades locales y Pueblos Afrodescendientessobre su viaje hacia un futuro mejor
Authors:   Rights and Resources Initiative
Published: November 2022

En el transcurso de 2022, entrevistamos a cien líderes de redes de base popular de veintidós países*—hombres, mujeres y jóvenes de Pueblos Indígenas, comunidades locales y Pueblos Afrodescendientes— para que hablaran de sus esperanzas, sueños y temores hacia el futuro. Las entrevistas se realizaron por encargo de la Iniciativa para los Derechos y Recursos, de forma anónima, y de acuerdo con el enfoque de “pensamiento Blue Sky”, con el cual se crea un espacio no estructurado para generar y aportar ideas. Invitamos a las personas participantes a abrir su mente e ir más allá de las preocupaciones cotidianas. Según el caso, hablamos en bahasa indonesia, inglés, francés, nepalí, portugués y español, a veces con interpretación a lenguas Indígenas. Buscamos tener claro qué mundo quieren ver esos líderes en 2030 e incluso más adelante, cómo se podría crear un mundo así y qué les preocupa del recorrido para lograrlo.
Associations Between Mobility Indices and the COVID-19 Pandemic in Thailand
Authors: Inthisorn Pitchaporn , Puttanapong Nattapong
Published: November 2022

This study aims to examine the associations between the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and alternative indicators. Specifically, Apple mobility index, Google community mobility index, and Nighttime-light (NTL) data are used for empirical analyses using ordinary least squares (OLS) and panel regressions as research methods. Results produced by OLS models show that Apple’s subcategory of driving activity and Google’s subcategory of visiting transit places are negatively associated with the number of COVID-19 cases. To extend the spatiotemporal details of this analysis, we formulate the panel data by integrating the monthly provincial indicators of Apple mobility index, NTL index, and the COVID-19 infected cases. Both fixed- and random-effects panel regression models indicate that Apple’s driving and walking mobility subcategories are negatively associated with the COVID-19 infected cases. By contrast, the relationship between the NTL index and the intensity of the COVID-19 outbreak is inconclusive. These findings suggest that Apple's mobility index can be applied as an alternative and timely indicator of economic activity, particularly for observing the near real-time intensity of mobility and transportation volume. In addition, these findings can serve as a resource for developing spatial models for urban planning and geographical impacts.
AN UPDATE ON PREHOSPITAL MANAGEMENT OF MAJOR TRAUMA
Authors: Jean Louis Clint , Beaumont Carlos , Arce Luis J , Reyero Diego , Fernández Bernabé
Published: November 2022

INTRODUCTION The goals of pre-hospital care for severe trauma are the detection of lifethreatening injuries, the early application of therapeutic measures and the timely transfer to an appropriate hospital centre. The response of the emergency services to major trauma incidents involves different responders with specific functions and in a variety of often challenging contexts. Therefore, a common language, preparation and coordination are essential to ensure compliance with the goals and quality of care. OBJECTIVE To carry out an update on the management of the adult trauma patient based on new evidence and practices. METHODS Literature review search mainly through PubMed. A secondary search on UptoDate and the latest editions of reference books on prehospital and advanced major trauma, and in reference organizations such as Difficult Airway Society, Advanced Trauma Life Support, European Trauma Course, and Anaesthesia, Trauma and Critical Care Course (ATACC). A tertiary search through the references in the UpToDate guidelines to identify new sources. Search terms included: prehospital care, major trauma, difficult airway, permissive hypotension, immobilization, both in Spanish and English. RESULTS The management of catastrophic bleeding is the first step in the primary assessment, because it can cause death even before an obstructed airway. Airway management and ventilation remain a priority. Permissive hypotension is increasingly accepted in the management of major trauma with hypovolemic shock except in the case of patients with head trauma. Prevention and control of the deadly triad (acidosis, hypoxia and hypothermia) improve the prognosis. An “excessive stabilization” approach should be avoided, so that access to definitive treatment is not delayed. CONCLUSIONS Prehospital trauma care is necessarily multidisciplinary, requiring coordination and communication between teams to ensure quality of care.
COMPARISON OF STRAIN ELASTOGRAPHY AND SHEAR WAVE ELASTOGRAPHY FOR DIFFERENTIATING MALIGNANT FROM BENIGN BREAST MASSES
Authors: JAMAL Y , NIGHAT S , IRUM R , KHAN MM , SHEIKH R
Published: November 2022

To compare the diagnostic performance of shear wave and strain elastography in distinguishing benign and malignant breast lesions. A prospective study carried out from 20th March 2020 to 20th March 2021 at department of Radiology of Sahiwal, Multan, Lahore. The study included women who were lined for surgical excision or core needle biopsy and were examined using B-mode ultrasound and shear and strain wave elastography. A total of 30 female patients with 40 breast lesions were included in the study. Lesions were categorized on B-mode ultrasound as 3 BI-RADS 3, 18 BI-RADS 4A, 5 BI-RADS 4B, 7 BI-RADS 4C, and 7 BI-RADS 5. After performing a B-mode Ultrasound examination, US elastography was done. A 14-MHz transducer was used to obtain high-resolution images. For comparing the diagnostic performance of both, an area under the ROI curve (AUC) from data sets of shear and strain wave elastography was compared. The McNemar test was used for the comparison of sensitivity and specificity of both data sets. Mean age of the participants was 48.4 years (21-80years). 24 out of 40 lesions were benign while 16 were malignant. B mode US imaging showed the diameter of the lesion ranged from 0.5 to 5.2 cm. There was no significant difference between specificity and sensitivity of elastographic images. 6 breast masses showed discrepant results. After category 4a BI-RADs were selectively downgraded on the bases of cutoff values, AUCs showed improvement. Diagnostic performance of shear wave and strain elastography in distinguishing malignant and benign lesions is the same. Combining both has better diagnostic performance than using each individually.
Diversity and quantitative analysis of dominant tree species in district Chamba of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Singh K. , Kaushal R.
Published: November 2022

A study on diversity, composition and quantitative analysis of dominant tree species was carried out in twelve different sites varying from 1700 m to 2800 m above msl of District Chamba, Himachal Pradesh. Selected sites favoured most of the forests on North-western aspect and were different in their ecoclimatic and phytogeographical features. Overall diversity of tree species in their number, varied from 4 to 12. Forests having high basal area, canopy cover and average tree height were mostly dominated by the conifers, comparatively with less disturbance. The sites with low basal area supported mixture of broadleaved with coniferous species, with high level of degradation. Ban oak (Quercus leucotrichophora) is heavily lopped as winter fodder, fuel wood, to prepare agricultural implements and for the preparation of coal. It is observed that species diversity and density decrease with increasing basal area. Species richness, Hill diversity indices (N1 and N2), Simpson’s (l) and Shannon’s diversity indices (H’) are reported maximum for the sites, dominated by mixed coniferous broadleaved forests. The minimum diversity value is observed in the localities that are occupied by pure conifer stands. The present study reflects that the sites possessing maximum diversity are under high level of disturbance and needs priority for conservation measures.
INTERNATIONAL AND DOMESTIC ASPECTS OF THE COMPETITIVENESS OF RUSSIAN COMMERCIAL BANKS
Authors: Щемелев С.Н. , Усенко А.М. , Коликова Е.М.
Published: November 2022

Банковский сектор представляет собой тот сегмент экономики, в котором конкуренция проявляется не только между банками и их национальными системами, международными банковскими объединениями, но и между небанковскими и квазибанков скими структурами, что в значительной степени стимулирует развитие кредитнофинансовых учреждений и в целом финансовых рынков. При этом весьма существенным для банков является фактор пространственного расположения, различие условий деятельности на национальных и международных рынках и факторы, влияющие на их конкурентоспособность. Коммерческие банки конкурируют между собой и другими финансовыми структурами в различных социально-экономических средах, при этом важно иметь оценку степени этой конкуренции и конкурентоспособности финансовокредитных учреждений. Данные вопросы, имеющие теоретическое и практическое значение, рассмотрены в настоящей статье.

The banking sector is a segment of the economy in which competition is manifested not only between banks and their national systems, but also non-banking and quasi-banking structures, which greatly stimulates the development of credit and financial institutions and financial markets in general. At the same time, the factor of spatial location, differences in the conditions of activity on national and international markets and factors affecting their competitiveness are very important for banks. Commercial banks compete with each other and other structures, in various socio-economic environments, it is important to have an assessment of the degree of this competition and the competitiveness of financial and credit institutions. These issues of theoretical and practical importance are considered in this article.
Effects of Political Institutions on Economic Growth in CEMAC Member Countries
Authors: ETSIBA Sylvaniste
Published: November 2022

The objective of this article is to analyze the effects that political institutions can have on economic growth in the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) zone after asking the question of what are the effects of political institutions on economic growth in the CEMAC zone? In this work, we support the hypothesis that the quality of political institutions is not neutral in the performance recorded by CEMAC countries in terms of economic growth. This analysis is based on World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI) data covering the period from 2002 to 2019 and concerns all member countries of the CEMAC zone, except Gabon. The choice of research period and countries was dictated by data availability. To do this, an empirical analysis that highlights the link by the PSTR model which is based on two stages was adopted. This is the verification of the existence or not of a nonlinear relationship and the detection of the number of regimes of the model. It remains from the results obtained that the variables relating to political institutions have a marginal effect on economic growth in the CEMAC countries, because the coefficients associated with these variables are not significant at the 10% threshold. These results suggest that institutional factors (rule of law, political stability and absence of violence and control of corruption) appear as neutral factors in economic growth. These results can be explained by the fact that the quality of governance despite reforms in CEMAC member countries is still weak to support economic growth. These results confirm those obtained by Sievers (2001) who gave a rather mixed assessment of institutions in African countries.
Eski Türkçedeki +(X)ç ve Türkiye Türkçesindeki +(X)ş Küçültme Eki Arasındaki Yapısal ve Anlamsal Paralellikler
Authors: EKİCİ İsmail
Published: November 2022

Türkçede bir sözcüğe küçültme anlamı katmak için oldukça zengin bir ek envanteri vardır. Bu ekler içerisinde küçültme anlamı, sevgi, sevimlilik ve şefkat anlamlarıyla birlikte bir bütünlük oluşturur. Bu anlamları taşıyan bir ek, genellikle yakın akrabalık veya duygusal bağ bakımından yakınlık bildiren sözcüklere gelmektedir. Sözü edilen duruma örnek olarak Eski Türkçe +(X)ç küçültme eki gösterilebilir. Bu ekin günümüzdeki karşılığının +(X)ş olduğu kanısı üzerine yapılan bu çalışma, tarihsel ve güncel örnekler bağlamında ele alınmıştır.
One Piece at a Time: Building Community and a Mosaic Mural
Authors: Gerstenblatt Paula , Shanti Caroline , Frisk Samantha
Published: November 2022

This phenomenological study explored the experiences of community members who worked with a social work community practice class to create a participatory mosaic mural in an ethnically diverse and rapidly gentrifying area of a small city in New England. Community members in this project included people working in the community at agencies and schools, artists with studios in the neighborhood, residents, and business owners. Seven community members participated in the study and completed hour-long semi-structured interviews. Analysis revealed three primary themes: (1) artist and community match, (2) what it takes to make it happen, and (3) mural legacy. This paper contributes to literature investigating the value of participatory art projects as a strategy to build collaboration and connectedness utilizing critical service learning and creative placemaking approaches.
СИНЕРГІЯ МОЖЛИВОСТЕЙ STEM-ОСВІТИ У ПІДВИЩЕННІ ФАХОВОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ ВЧИТЕЛІВ ПРИРОДНИЧО-МАТЕМАТИЧНИХ ДИСЦИПЛІН І ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ
Authors: Клименко Людмила
Published: November 2022

У розвідці йдеться про вибір, обґрунтування теми та визначення завдань наукового дослідження кафедри теорії й методики природничо-математичної освіти та інформаційних технологій Миколаївського обласного інституту післядипломної педагогічної освіти – «Синергія можливостей STEM-освіти у підвищенні фахової компетентності вчителів природничо-математичної освіти і технологій». Проаналізовано висвітлення в науково-педагогічних працях питання про можливість синергії принципів STEM-освіти. Запропоновано підвищення фахової компетентності вчителів природничо-математичних дисциплін і технологій закладів загальної середньої освіти через створення умов для самоорганізації засад STEM-освіти, що має зумовити значне зростання фахової компетентності вчителів природничо-математичних дисциплін і технологій закладів загальної середньої освіти та ефективності процесу навчання учнів.
Exploring Synchronous Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic: Taiwan EFL College Learners’ Motivation and Learning Experience
Authors: Yang Pei Ling
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was twofold: first, to explore Taiwan EFL college learners' motivation for synchronous learning, and second, to differences between gender groups in their synchronous learning motivation during the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 96 undergraduate learners from northern Taiwan took part in the study. All the participants were required to participate in 4 different types of online activities: synchronous learning, online discussion, group oral presentation, and submission of e-assignments. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected, including a motivation questionnaire and learners' essay writing. According to the findings, their overall motivation was positive. Nevertheless, male learners had significantly less confidence in their online performance and less acceptance of this kind of interaction. This study highlights not only the crucial role of motivation in synchronous learning acceptance and engagement but also the importance of gender differences, self-regulation, social interaction, and self-efficacy for effective online learning.
PENGARUH KETERAMPILAN TEKNIS, KETERAMPILAN SOSIAL DAN KETERAMPILAN KONSEPTUAL TERHADAP KINERJA GURU SEKOLAH DASAR DI WILAYAH DISTRIK SENTANI TIMUR KABUPATEN JAYAPURA
Authors: KURUWAY MAGDALENA , RATANG WESTIM , THANE STEVANUS
Published: November 2022

Penerapan berbagai keterampilan dalam kaitannya dengan kemampuan guru perlu dikaji lebih lanjut. Mengingat bahwa hasil uji kompetensi guru yang dilakukan ternyata masih jauh dari harapan. Untuk itu patut dipertanyakan apa ukuran kinerja yang melekat pada guru yang kompeten dalam arti memiliki keterampilan-keterampilan prasyarat sebagai seorang guru. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh keterampilan teknis, keterampilan sosial, dan keterampilan konseptual secara parsial dan simultan terhadap kinerja guru Sekolah Dasar di Wilayah Distrik Sentani Timur Kabupaten Jayapura. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 90 orang.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keterampilan teknis, keterampilan sosial, dan keterampilan konseptual secara parsial dan simultan terbukti berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja guru Sekolah Dasar di Wilayah Distrik Sentani Timur Kabupaten Jayapura. Variabel yang paling berpengaruh dalam penelitian ini adalah variabel keterampilan konseptual.
Analisa Kinerja Keuangan PT Garuda Indonesia (TBK) Sebagai Langkah Awal Identifikasi Permasalahan
Authors: Chandrayanti Teti , Salfadri  , Haryati Rice
Published: November 2022

PT Garuda Indonesia is a state-owned company that has recently experienced complex problems. Prolonged problems put PT Garuda's condition on the verge of bankruptcy. This research was conducted using 2 financial statements, namely the Financial Position Statement (Balance Sheet) and the Financial Statement of Profit and Loss for the Period 2019 and 2020. Based on the financial position report (balance sheet), it shows that starting from Q4 2019, there has been a negative recording of equity, this means that the amount of loans exceeds the amount of owned capital, with a significant increase in long-term loans. The income statement shows that in 2019 starting from the 2nd quarter there has been a decrease in profit after tax, even in Q1 of 2020, it has been recorded that the company has a loss. Restrictions on mobility and activities due to the Covid-19 pandemic have caused the company's revenue to decline. In 2019-2020, there began to be signs of financial problems detected from the balance sheet financial statements and income statements. Furthermore, alternative solutions related to debt restructuring and also company restructuring and also comparative analysis with similar industries that have experienced relatively similar problems were proposed.
Olahan Daun Kelor Untuk Perbaikan Status Gizi Balita dalam Upaya Pencegahan Stunting
Authors: Nurdin Nasrayanti , Sunandar  , Ariyana
Published: November 2022

Stunting is caused by lack of nutrient intake and chronic infectious diseases. Age. One of the efforts to prevent stunting is to use local plants as food. Moringa plant (Moringa oleifera) is one of the foodstuffs that has a million benefits for health. In South Sulawesi Province, the target has not yet been achieved. This study aims to determine how the effect of processed Moringa leaves to improve the nutritional status of toddlers in an effort to prevent stunting at the Pangkajene Health Center, Sidrap Regency. The research method used is a quasi-experimental research design (Quasy experiment study) using the One group pre and post test design, which is a study by comparing the nutritional status of children under five before the intervention and after the intervention. The sampling technique in this study was taken by consecutive sampling. From the results of the study, it was found that before the administration of processed Moringa leaves there was one toddler who was stunted, while after the administration of processed Moringa leaves all toddlers were in normal nutritional status (TB/U) as many as 30 toddlers. It can be seen that there are differences in the average nutritional status (TB/U) of toddlers before and after the administration of processed Moringa leaves. So it can be concluded that there is a relationship between processed Moringa leaves and efforts to prevent stunting in toddlers at the Pangkajene Health Center, Sidrap Regency.
Gambaran Kepatuhan Protokol Kesehatan Anak Usia Sekolah di TPQ Ar- Rasyid Desa Pagerjurang Boyolali
Authors: Siti Muyasaroh  , Rahmawatie Ratna Budi Utami
Published: November 2022

Covid 19 is a new type of disease that has never been previously identified in humans. The emergence of Covid 19 forced everyone to comply with health protocols. Health protocol is a public health effort that refers to many actions that need to be taken in the context of health protocols like waering mask, hand higyne and social distance. Adhering to health protocols could reducing the number of Covid 19. To found out the description of health protocol compliance in school-age children at TPQ Ar-Rasyid in Pagerjurang Village.Research. Those type of research is quantitative with research methods descriptive survey. The sampling technique in this study was a total sampling technique, the sample on that study was 42 students at TPQ Ar-Rasyid Pagerjurang. Data analysis on that research is univariate analysis. Complianced with health protocols for school-age children at TPQ Ar-Rasyid is in the obedient and non-compliant category. The description of complianced with health protocols in school-age children at TPQ Ar-Rasyid in Pagerjurang Village shows 35 respondents (83.3%).
Johdanto Kososeen
Authors: Havu Sauli , Leinonen Petro
Published: November 2022

Pekka Kosonen (1950–2018) oli suomalainen sosiologi ja uraauurtava suomalaisen kapitalismin ja pohjoismaisten hyvinvointivaltioiden tutkija. Kososen työssä Marxin poliittisen taloustieteen kritiikin ja valtioteoreettisen keskustelun lähiluku yhdistyi elimellisesti empiirisiin tapaustutkimuksiin. 1970-luvulla Kosonen laati nuorista tutkijoista koostuvan ryhmän kanssa yleisesityksen Suomalainen kapitalismi (Kosonen ym. 1979). 1980-luvun myötä Kosonen suuntautui hyvinvointivaltiotutkimukseen, jota myös hänen väitöskirjatyönsä käsitteli (Kosonen 1987). 1990-luvulla mukaan tuli myös Euroopan unionin tutkimus ja vertaileva hyvinvointivaltiotutkimus. Vuonna 2001 Kosonen nimitettiin Helsingin yliopiston sosiologian lehtoriksi. Nyt suomennettu artikkeli kiinnittyy 1970-luvun ja 1980-luvun alussa käytyyn vilkkaaseen marxilaiseen keskusteluun valtion roolista kapitalismissa, mutta artikkelilla on relevanssia myös nykyiselle kapitalismianalyysille. Teksti on julkaistu alun perin vuonna englanniksi vuonna 1984 kokoelmassa Rethinking Marx otsikolla ”Capitalism – Dying or Becoming?” (Kosonen 1984) ja se perustuu Berliinissä kansainvälisessä Marx-konferenssissa pidettyyn esitelmään.
Marxismi versus ekonomismi
Authors: Kortesoja Matti
Published: November 2022

Artikkelissa esitetään, että ekonomismi on eräs tärkeimmistä porvarillisen hegemonian ideologisista perustoista, mikä estää yhteiskunnallisesti alistetussa asemassa olevia ryhmittymiä osallistumasta poliittiseen kamppailuun hegemoniasta. Marxismi-leninismissä, jota voi pitää ekonomismin ja sen vastustamisen historiallisena lähtökohtana, antagonistiset tuotantosuhteet muodostavat yhteiskuntaluokat, jotka redusoituvat yhteiskunnan ”taloudelliseen perustaan”. Toisin sanoen työväenluokka artikuloituu tiukasti talouden perustalta, mikä määrää sen politiikan ja ideologian. Antonio Gramscin Vankilavihkot kytkee kamppailun hegemoniasta konkreettisemmin ja historiallisesti erityisemmin ideologian alueelle. Työväenluokka käy hegemoniasta ideologista kamppailua talouden ohella kulttuurin rintamalla, jossa poliittista kamppailua organisoivien intellektuellien tavoitteena on muodostaa ‘historiallinen blokki’ (blocco historico) suhteellisen itsenäisen maailmankuvan pohjalta. Gramsci käyttää termiä ‘terve järki’ (senso comune) arkijärkisistä tavoista ajatella ja toimia, jotka eivät ole vielä artikuloituneet johdonmukaiseksi ja systemaattiseksi maailmankuvaksi. Tässä yhteydessä Gramsci palauttaa mieliin Friedrich Engelsin huomautuksen, jonka mukaan talous on vasta ‘viime kädessä’ historian liikkeellepaneva voima, jota Louis Althusser on vienyt ideologiateoriassaan eteenpäin. Althusserin mukaan se, että talous määrää kapitalistista yhteiskuntamuodostumaa ‘viime kädessä’, tulisi liittää Karl Marxin tekemään havaintoon siitä, että ihmiset tulevat tietoiseksi ristiriidoista ”ideologian alueella”. Artikkeli tarkastelee marxilaista käsitystä yhteiskunnasta politiikan, talouden ja ideologian suhteiden muodostamana kompleksisena kokonaisuutena (Gliederung), eli yhteiskunnallisten suhteiden artikulaationa kriittisessä suhteessa ekonomismiin, jossa talous ja politiikka erotetaan ideologisesti toisistaan.
Theodor W. Adorno, 2020, Näkökulmia uuteen oikeistoradikalismiin
Authors: Jokisalo Jouko
Published: November 2022

Jouko Jokisalo arvioi teoksen: Theodor W. Adorno: Näkökulmia uuteen oikeistoradikalismiin. Jälkisanat Volker Weiβ. Suomentanut Sauli Havu. Vastapaino, Tampere, 2020. 86 s.
Distribution and characteristics of endometriotic lesions in south- western Nigeria: a single institutional experience
Authors: Ajani Mustapha Akanji , Salami Ayodeji , Nwanji Ifeanyichukwu Dupe , Olusanya Aralola Adepeju , Fatunla Oluwaseun Ebenezer
Published: November 2022

Background: Endometriosis poses a significant burden mainly to women of child bearing age. Historically, endometriosis was thought to be of low prevalence among African women. However, recent studies have documented an increased prevalence than previously thought. This study aimed to determine the distribution and characteristics of endometriotic lesions among Nigerian women.

Methods: A retrospective study of all histologically diagnosed cases of endometriosis from the records of the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan from 1st January, 1997 to 31st October, 2018.The age of the women, location and distribution of the lesions were analysed.

Results: A total of 85 cases of endometriosis were diagnosed histologically in the period under review. The mean age was 35 years with an age range of 18 to 52 years. The most commonly affected age groups were those between 30-39 years (47.1%) and 20-29 years (30.6%). The most commonly affected site was the ovary (58.8%) followed by the umbilicus (11.9%) and fallopian tubes (9.4%). Fourteen patients (28%) had bilateral ovarian involvement. Left sided ovarian lesions predominated (61.1% versus 38.9%). Eighteen (21.2%) patients had lesions at more than one site frequently involving both ovaries.

Conclusion: Endometriosis affected mainly women of childbearing age with particular predilection for the ovaries. Endometriosis affecting the umbilicus is not uncommon among Nigerian women.
Health Financing: Relationship between Public Health expenditure and maternal mortality in Zimbabwe between the years 1980 to 2010
Authors: Manyika Wellington , Gonah Laston , Hanvongse Apivat , Shamu Shepherd , January James
Published: November 2022

Health care expenditure in Zimbabwe has fallen below budgetary allocations since 2000. Health care financing in Zimbabwe rely more on donor funding and private expenditure than on government resources. These expenditures are unsustainable and inadequate considering the huge health care burden in Zimbabwe. The study sought to examine the association between government health expenditure and maternal mortality, and make policy recommendations. Association was examined using survey and annual expenditure data from Zimbabwe between 1980 and 2011. The study used multiple regression analysis to find the association between government health expenditure and maternal mortality while controlling for potential confounding variables. Government health expenditure had a statistically significant association with maternal mortality, with less expenditure associated with high rates of maternal mortality. This substantiates the proposition that government health expenditure is a major determinant of maternal mortality in Zimbabwe. Increasing government health expenditure will contribute to significant reduction in maternal mortality. Institutional delivery and the proportion of people living below the Total Consumption Poverty Line (TCPL) were negatively correlated with maternal mortality. The association of maternal mortality and other socio-economic determinants of health were examined. These included political and economic factors, isolationism, hyper-inflation, household income versus household expenditure and allocation of resources.
Prevalence and bacteriology of tonsillitis among patients attending otorhinolaryngology Department at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam- Tanzania
Authors: Abraham Zephania Saitabau , Bazilio Jane , Kahinga Aveline Aloyce , Manyahi Joel , Ntunaguzi Daudi , Massawe Enica Richard
Published: November 2022

Background: Tonsillitis is a common infectious disease contributing to significant social-economic impact worldwide. Like other infectious diseases, the determination of the pathogenic agents is important in antibiotic selection for the medical treatment of tonsillitis. Data on bacteriology of tonsillitis in Tanzania is scarce. The aim of this study was thus to determine the prevalence and bacteriology of tonsillitis in one of the largest tertiary hospital in Tanzania.

Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving 485 patients at Muhimbili National Hospital, from June to December 2016. Data was collected using specially designed questionnaires. Laboratory isolation of bacterial pathogens implicated in tonsillitis followed by consequent antimicrobial susceptibility testing was doneat the Country's largest laboratory. Gathered data was then analyzed using the SPSS program version 20.

Results: A total of 485 patients were recruited in the study, where majority were females (55.7%) and the mean age was found to be 27.7 years. Out of 485 patients 100(20.6%) had tonsillitis. Male preponderance was found (51%). The most affected age group was 1-10years (42.6%). Nearly 25% of patients had family history of tonsillitis with siblings being commonly affected. The isolated bacteria were Coagulase negative staphylococcus 41.7%, S. pyogenes 40%, Bacillus species 8.3%,K.pneumoniae 5.8%, E.Coli 2.5% and P.aeruginosa 1.7%. S.pyogeneswassusceptible to Ceftriaxone 95.7%; Azithromycin 93.6%; Doxycline 91.5%; Clindamycin 87.2%; Ampicillin 80.9%; Erythromycin 74.5%; Amoxiclav 59.6% and resistant to penicillin G(38.3%).

Conclusion: Tonsillitis was found to be prevalent in our setting with young individuals being most commonly affected. Male preponderance was found in this study and family history of tonsillitis was depicted in nearly 25% of patients.  Majority had recurrent tonsillitis and S. pyogenes was found to be the commonest isolated pathogenic bacterium and was susceptible to most of the drugs available in our setting though it was found to be resistant to penicillin G.
Aetiology of Encephalitis and Meningitis in Children Aged 1-59 Months Admitted to the Children's Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Imamba A , Kalima P , Kwenda G , Chipeta J , Nakazwe Ruth , Templeton K , Mpabalwani E. M
Published: November 2022

Background: Meningitis and encephalitis are important causes of admissions and mortality in Zambia. Apart from bacterial causes, no data is available on viral agents that cause disease at the Children's Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia. We conducted a prospective descriptive study to determine the viral and bacterial causes of encephalitis andmeningitis in children aged 1-59 months.

Methods: From November 2016 to February 2018, we collected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples and clinical details from children admitted to the inpatient wards with encephalitis and meningitis. Macroscopic examination, microscopy, bacterial culture and real-time (Multiplex) PCR were performed on the CSF samples.

Results: A total of 106 patients were enrolled. The median age was 10 months and 81 (76.4%) had meningitis while 25 (23.6%) had encephalitis. One (0.9%) participant had Haemophilus influenzae detected by both culture and PCR. Two (1.9%) had Neisseria meningitidis while 5 (4.7%) had Streptococcus pneumoniae detected only by PCR. Viruses were detected in 26.4% (28/106) and 64% had meningitis. The viral agents detected were: EBV (10%); Parvovirus B19, Human herpes virus type 6, Human herpes virus type 7 and CMV at 2.8% each. A raised CSF WBC was associated with the case definition (P=0.01) of meningitis. Patients with meningitis were more likely to be alive at discharge than those with encephalitis (OR = 3.6, CI = 1.96 – 6.68, P-value <0.001).

Conclusions: Viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are the commonest causes of both encephalitis and meningitis at the Children's Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia.

Disclosure: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
The impacts of neo-liberalism on public health: A case study of skin bleaching among women living in Zimbabwe
Authors: Kachambwa Princess Nyoni , Naravage Wanapa , James Nigel F , Putten Marc Van der
Published: November 2022

Main Objective: To find out the impacts of free markets on public health using skin bleaching among the women living in Zimbabwe as a case study.

Materials and methods: The study was designed as a case study which used a combined methodology facilitated by a cross sectional online survey among 270 women living in Zimbabwe and key informant interviews among 10 cosmetic sellers in Zimbabwe.

Results: All the key informants reported to be selling skin lightening cosmetics amongst their cosmetics, some of these cosmetics reported being illegal. All skin lightening products were reported to be hoarded outside Zimbabwe. Corruption  and relaxed policies on cosmetic regulation were suggested to be enabling entry of some of the illegal and potentially harmful products in the country. The prevalence of skin bleaching among the participants was 31.15% and most of the participants (61.40%) were ignorant about skin bleaching cosmetics' side effects.

Conclusion: Results from the study imply neoliberalism could be promoting a high influx of harmful skin bleaching cosmetics in the Zimbabwean market putting a considerably high number of women who bleach their skin at risk andtherefore having a negative impact on public health. Targeted health education i.e. on skin bleaching, regulatory public health policies and their enforcement can play an important role in controlling access and subsequently curbing thedetrimental effects of skin bleaching products and improve the health of the public.
ANXIETY AND DEFENSE MECHANISM PORTRAYED BY MORT RAINEY IN SECRET WINDOW FILM (A Psychoanalytical Study)
Authors: Farah Mufidah  , Maulana Andhika Aryaputra  , Whida Rositama
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini mengangkat satu judul film, yaitu Secret Window yang mengandung isu permasalahan psikologis pada tokoh utamanya. Permasalahan tersebut mengarah pada gejala kecemasan dan mekanisme pertahanan yang ditunjukkan dalam beberapa adegan film. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui bagaimana film Secret Window melukiskan kecemasan dan mekanisme pertahanan Morton Rainey sebagai tokoh utama serta bentuk mekanisme pertahanan yang dialami oleh Morton tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dan teori psikoanalisa. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa kecemasan yang dialami oleh Mort adalah kecemasan moral dan realitas. Kemudian mekanisme pertahanan Morton Rainey terdiri atas represi, rasionalisasi, projeksi, pemindahan, dan penolakan. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah tokoh Morton Rainey mengalami gejala psikologis berupa kecemasan dan mekanisme pertahanan yang dilukiskan dalam ekspresi dan lakuan di dalam film Secret Window.
Teknik Token Ekonomi : Teori dan Aplikasi
Authors: Aprilia Mega Rosdiana
Published: November 2022

Pemberian intervensi yang tepat pada target perilaku harus menerapkan secara keseluruhan dan memperhatikan berbagai prosedur yang kompleks. Teknik token ekonomi merupakan teknik yang banyak digunakan dalam analisis perilaku. Tujuan artikel ini adalah menjelaskan bagaimana token ekonomi dijelaskan sebagai sebuah konsep dan terapan pada penelitian maupun layanan psikologis. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah mengumpulkan kepustakaan. Selanjutnya data pada setiap artikel dipilah sesuai dengan relevansi dan dilakukan analisis terhadap konten sesuai dengan kesesuaian pembahasan. Hasil telaah literature dalam penelitian ini (1) Pelaksanaan teknik token ekonomi terdiri dari unsur – unsur yang komplek dan penting untuk dipahami oleh tim pelaksana secara jelas, sehingga tidak akan membingungkan peserta dan menghambat pelaksanaan program; (2) Token ekonomi terdiri dari berbagai variasi dalam pelakasanaannya; (3) Token ekonomi dapat di terapkan di berbagai bidang; (4) Pelaksanaan token ekonomi dilakukan sesuai dengan prosedur pelaksanaan yang telah dirancang supaya pelaksanaan tetap tertuju pada maksud dan tujuan awalnya. Artikel ini memberikan penjelasan bahwa manajemen pelaksanaan teknik token ekonomi cukup kompleks dan perlu langkah strategis dan memenuhi unsur-unsur dalam pelaksanaannya sehingga dapat dirancang dan dipraktekan secara benar.
Penggunaan Media Gambar untuk Meningkatkan Minat dan Hasil Belajar Bahasa Arab
Authors: Fahrur Rosikh Fahrur Rosikh , Sholihah Zumrotus , Larasati Dyah Putri
Published: November 2022

Media pembelajaran merupakan salah satu komponen penting dalam dalam pembelajaran. Diperlukan berbagai media pembelajaran untuk membantu guru dalam meningkatkan pemahaman dan menyajikan materi pembelajaran agar menjadi efektif dan menarik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk pengetahu pengaruh media pembelajaran gambar terhadap peningkatan minat siswa dalam pembelajaran bahasa. Dalam penelitian ini metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah tes, observasi dan dokumntasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah : 1) penggunaan media gambar dalam meningkatkan minat belajar bahasa Arab siswa terdiri dari 2 siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahapan; perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. 2) peningkatan minat dan hasil belajar bahasa arab siswa dengan menggunakan media gambar, yang semula nilai rata-rata sebesar 61,3% meningkat menjadi 68,6% pada siklus I, pada tes II meningkat menjadi 69,3%, pada siklus II lebih meningkat lagi menjadi 80%.
A Contrastive Study on Lexical Bundles in Argumentative Writing by L1-Chinese and L1-English Undergraduates
Authors: Guan Jin
Published: November 2022

This study compares the use of lexical bundles in argumentative essays written by L1-Chinese students and L1-English students through a corpus-based approach. The data consist of two corpora: a L1-Chinese corpus with 506 English argumentative essays produced by Chinese undergraduates in disciplines related to science and engineering and a L1-English corpus with 207 argumentative essays written by L1-English undergraduates. The identified lexical bundles were analyzed both structurally and functionally. The findings suggest that L1-Chinese students used significantly more types and tokens of lexical bundle structures than L1-English students, and also employed all the three functional categories of bundles more frequently than L1-English students. In addition, L1-Chinese students’ writing was marked by a higher preference for clause-based bundles, which features the academic writing of lower-proficiency writers, and a wide use of conversational bundles (e.g. a lot of people), which implies their lack of awareness of academic register. The pedagogical implications are then provided regarding lexical bundles for ESL teachers.
El Gasto Público en Educación y sus Efectos sobre la Distribución del Ingreso de las Personas
Authors: Schulthess Walter E.
Published: November 2022

La educación en Argentina siempre ha ocupado una posición preponderante. El tratar de igualar que todas las personas tengan acceso al sistema educativo nacional, para ello el Estado ha tenido que destinar fuertes partidas presupuestarias ya sea ofreciendo directamente este tipo de servicio (en forma gratuita) o ayudando a financiar instituciones de carácter privado. En ambos casos puede sostenerse que el Estado ha brindado un apoyo directo cuyos beneficiarios inmediatos son las personas que han concurrido o asisten a diferentes establecimientos educativos y en término más amplio la sociedad en su conjunto. Nuestro propósito será tratar de determinar para un grupo de áreas, principalmente urbanas, cuál es el monto del subsidio directo que la comunidad ha recibido por parte de las distintas jurisdicciones gubernamentales, a través de las sumas que estan asignadas al sector educación, tomandose en cuenta el nivel de enseñanza al cual se destinaron las partidas presupuestarias. Se tratará de estimar cómo se ha distribuido ese subsidio entre las familias de niveles de ingreso que componen la sociedad en cada región.
Informacíón de Biblioteca - Libros ingresados entre 1986 y 1989
Authors: Biblioteca Manuel Belgrano-FCE .
Published: November 2022

Listado de libros incorporados al acervo bibliográfico de la Biblioteca Manuel Belgrano - FCE, UNC en el período 1986-1989.
Indicadores de la Fuerza de Trabajo
Authors: Díaz Cafferata Alberto M. , Figueras Alberto José , Capmourteres Ernesto E. , Moncarz Pedro E.
Published: November 2022

El objetivo del trabajo es examinar el comportamiento de la oferta regional de trabajo en Argentina en el período 1980-1997. Centramos la atención en la perspectiva regional de la desocupación, la pregunta pertinente en cuanto a la importancia de los factores de oferta en la explicación del desempleo se expresa en términos tales como la estructura espacial de la oferta de trabajo, los cambios en los indicadores de actividad en diferentes regiones, o la movilidad interregional de los factores.
Información de Biblioteca - Libros ingresados en 1985
Authors: Biblioteca Manuel Belgrano-FCE .
Published: November 2022

Listado de libros incorporados al acervo bibliográfico de la Biblioteca Manuel Belgrano - FCE, UNC en idioma español en 1985.
Un estudio sobre la indexación financiera en un marco de precios relativos erráticos
Authors: Figueras Alberto José
Published: November 2022

En este trabajo nos interesan, particularmente, los efectos asignativos de  la inflación.
El conflicto distributivo en el programa de apertura y estabilización
Authors: Díaz Cafferata Alberto M.
Published: November 2022

Se revisará brevemente, en la sección 2, los argumentos de la teoría del comercio internacional que presumen la necesidad de transferencias compensadoras para asegurar la ganancia de bienestar del comercio; en la sección 3 se plantean las opciones prácticas de política ante la dificultad de aplicación de las compensaciones "lump sum". Los dos puntos siguientes consideran los argumentos que justifican la intervención del Estado para facilitar el ajuste, y luego las consecuencias fiscales de esa acción y la posible aparición de conflictos de política. En la sección 6 se advierte que el impacto de la apertura en el bienestar depende crucialmente de varios efectos; no sólo los derivados de la reasignación de factores, sino también los cambios macroeconómicos en la transición y el crecimiento. La última sección es de síntesis y conclusiones.
Comparative Analysis of Ethanolic Juniperus Thurifera
Leaf, Stem Bark and Root Extract Using Gas
Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Sharma Singh , John Alagbe Olujimi , Xing Liu , Ram Sharma , Amita Kumar
Published: November 2022

Medicinal plants are reservoir of bioactive compounds or phytochemicals
(terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and so on) with marked pharmacological
properties such as; antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, analgesics,
antiprotozoal, cytotoxic, anti-androgenic, antiviral, antipyretic, antitumor, anti-depressant,
hypolipidemic and antihelminthic activities. This study was designed to examine the
comparative analysis of ethanolic Juniperus thurifera leaf, stem bark and root extract using
gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Result obtained shows that Juniperus thurifera
leaf extract contained 33 bioactive compounds which accounts to 75.47 % while Juniperus
thurifera stem bark and root extract contained 37 and 50 phytochemicals with an aggregate
of 80.77 % and 93.07 % respectively. Monoterpenes hydrocarbon (40.50 %), oxygenated
monoterpenes (12.66 %), sesquiterpenes hydrocarbon (13.79 %) and oxygenated
sesquiterpenes were found in Juniperus thurifera leaf extract while Juniperus thurifera stem
bark and root extract contains monoterpenes hydrocarbon (48.72 %, 51.33 %), oxygenated
monoterpenes (14.88 %, 20.49 %), sesquiterpenes hydrocarbon (10.71 %, 14.25 %) and
oxygenated sesquiterpenes (6.56 %, 7.88 %) respectively. It was concluded that Juniperus
thurifera leaf, stem bark and root ethanolic extract contains several secondary metabolites
which can be used for the treatment of diseases without causing any deleterious effect on the
environment and general performance of animals.
Sosialisasi Menabung Sejak Dini dengan Membuat Celengan dari Paper Tube
Authors: Yuniara Ridha
Published: November 2022

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ditujukan kepada anak-agar memahami tentang pentingnya menabung. Kegiatan dilakukan pada anak-anak yang berdomisili di Kampung Bujang, Kecamatan Lut Tawar, Kabupaten Aceh Tengah. Peserta berjumlah 28 orang, mulai dari jenjang SD, SMP, sampai dengan SMA. Secara keseluruhan, kegiatan ini menggunakan metode ceramah, tanya jawab, dan demonstrasi. Hasil dari kegiatan ini menunjukkan, (1) Kegiatan sosialisasi menabung sejak dini telah menambah pemahaman dan wawasan anak-anak terhadap pentingnya gerakan menabung sejak dini; (2) Pelatihan membuat celengan dari Paper Tube memberikan wawasan baru anak-anak dan menumbuhkan kreativitas serta cara pemanfaatan barang bekas menjadi barang bermafaat dengan membuat celengan sendiri dari paper tube;  (3) Kegiatan sosialisasi menabung sejak dini dan membuat celengan dari Paper Tube memotivasi anak-anak untuk mau menabung sejak dini.
CHARACTER ESTABLISHMENT OF CHILDREN THROUGH LIVING HISTORY LEARNING
Authors: Muh. Haris Zubaidillah  , Husin  , Rizka Maulida  , Abdul Rashid bin Abdul Aziz
Published: November 2022

The character of a child formed since he was small, whether consciously or not, will influence the way the individual perceives himself and his environment which will be reflected in his daily behavior. What is prioritized in character education is the strengthening of religious values, as a means to form a generation that has character, has noble character and loves the sunnah of the Prophet. One of them is in this study, which aims to shape children's character through living hadith learning in the form of a module which contains several components, namely: definitions, to clarify children's understanding of the title being studied, motivational sentences as children's learning motivation,  adab-adab, namely a series of daily sunnah practices that students can carry out and get used to, prayer, namely prayers taken from hadiths related to the material being studied, and memorized hadiths, namely short hadiths that students can memorize. This research was conducted at SDN Muara Baruh, North Amuntai District. This study uses a qualitative descriptive field research method. The results of this study indicate that learning living hadith is very helpful in forming children's attitudes and behavior in everyday life, such as the etiquette of wearing shoes and sandals.