bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Влияние острой соматической боли на киллинговую активность нейтрофилов новорожденных крыс
Authors: Алексеев В. В. , Каде А. Х.
Published: February 2020

Иммунная система претерпевает влияния различной природы. Один из факторов, сопровождающих жизнедеятельность организма, — боль. Знать и учитывать возрастные особенности факторов врожденного иммунитета необходимо для адекватной оценки изменения их параметров в онтогенезе. В литературных источниках недостаточно данных об особенностях изменения киллинговой активности нейтрофилов в ответ на острую боль у новорожденных. Целью работы было выявить изменения фагоцитарной активности нейтрофилов в ответ на краткосрочный алгогенный стимул у новорожденных крыс. Эксперимент проводили на 3–5-дневных крысятах. Были сформированы две группы: контрольная и экспериментальная с моделированием острого алгогенного воздействия. После моделирования осуществляли забор материала через 2, 30–60, 120–180 мин. Для оценки микробицидной активности нейтрофилов использовали спонтанный и стимулированный методы автоматизированного учета теста с нитросиним тетразолием (НСТ-теста). Сравнение данных проводили на основе U-критерия Манна–Уитни. Наблюдали повышение значений спонтанного НСТ-теста с 50,7 до 58,6 у. ед. через 30–60 мин (p < 0,01), а также стимулированного НСТ-теста с 71,5 до 87,4 у. ед. (р < 0,001) в течение первого часа эксперимента. Максимально выраженное изменение коэфициента микробицидности наблюдали через 2 мин с 1,40 до 1,72 у. ед. (р < 0,001). К концу эксперимента показатели приближались к исходным значениям. При анализе результатов учитывали, что новорожденные крысята испытывают влияние со стороны микробной колонизации, на фоне которой развертывается реакция нейтрофилов на алгогенное раздражение.
INTERAKSI SUAMI-ISTRI, INTERAKSI ORANG TUA-ANAK, INTERAKSI TEMAN SEBAYA, DAN RESILIENSI REMAJA
Authors: Rachman Yane Ardian , Sunarti Euis , Herawati Tin
Published: February 2020

The teenager is a vulnerable phase that needs resilience to optimize their development. This study aimed to determine the influence of husband-wife interaction, parent-child interaction, and the peer interaction on teenager’s resilience. The study was conducted in four vocational and nonvocational high schools (state and private high schools and vocational schools), in the city of Bogor, West Java. Schools were selected purposively. Respondents were 240 mothers and 240 teenagers from grade X who had intact families and lived with their parents. Data analysis used descriptive analysis and inferential analysis (independent sample t-test and multiple linear regression test). The results show that boys tend to have a higher conflict with peers while girls feel closer to peers. Moreover, boys have higher resilience than girls. The teenagers from nonvocational schools have higher resilience than ones from vocational schools. Parent-child interaction and peer interaction have a positive influence on teenager’s resilience. Therefore, parents are expected to improve the quality of interaction in the family and provide encouragement for teens to choose good friends.
Hjartað, kjarni mennsku og menntunar?
Authors: Kalmansson Jón Ásgeir
Published: February 2020

Í greininni er sjónum beint að heimspekilegri orðræðu um hjartað og grafist fyrir um merkingu og mikilvægi þessa hugtaks í siðfræðilegu samhengi. Fyrst er rætt um hjartað í ljósi hefðarinnar og upprunalegs skilnings á heimspeki sem viskuást. Þá eru tengsl hjartans við eigingildi skoðuð, það er hjartað er sett í samhengi við skilning á gildi hlutanna í sjálfu sér. Því næst er athyglinni beint að sambandi hjartans og mannlegs særanleika og berskjöldunar. Gerð er grein fyrir þeirri hugmynd að hjartað, í mynd líkamlegs, félagslegs og andlegs særanleika, sé kjarni mennskunnar og hins mannlega eiginleika að vera opinn fyrir veröldinni. Hjartað er þá jafnframt skilið sem aðsetur þess hæfileika mannssálarinnar að geta orðið fyrir sterkum áhrifum eða djúpt snortin af því sem hún kemst í snertingu við. Að því loknu verður varpað nokkru ljósi á hjartað sem skynjun eða innsæi, og sú þýðing hugtaksins tengd sérstaklega við hugtök á borð við ímyndunarafl og ást. Þá er vikið að tengslum hugtaksins við frumspekilegan skilning fólks á eðli veruleikans og þeirri hugmynd varpað fram að hjartað feli í sér þann skilning að veruleikinn sé leyndardómur. Loks verður spurt hvaða þýðingu það hefur fyrir hugmyndir okkar um siðferðilegan skilning og siðferðilega menntun ef hjartað er tekið alvarlega.
Líðan í lok vinnudags – um starfsaðstæður leik- og grunnskólakennara
Authors: Sigursteinsdóttir Hjördís
Published: February 2020

Markmið rannsóknarinnar var að skoða líðan leik- og grunnskólakennara í lok vinnudags og starfsaðstæður þeirra til að komast að því hvaða þættir í starfsumhverfi þeirra ýmist skapa eða draga úr góðri líðan á vinnustað. Settar voru fram fjórar rannsóknarspurningar: (1) Hvernig leið leik- og grunnskólakennurum í lok vinnudags síðastliðna þrjá mánuði? (2) Líður leik- og grunnskólakennurum betur eða verr í lok vinnudags en öðru starfsfólki sveitarfélaga? (3) Hvaða tengsl eru milli starfsaðstæðna leik- og grunnskólakennara og þess að vera stressaðir í lok vinnudags? (4) Hvaða tengsl eru milli starfsaðstæðna leik- og grunnskólakennara og þess að vera úrvinda í lok vinnudags? Rannsóknin er byggð á rafrænni spurningalistakönnun sem lögð var fyrir allt starfsfólk sveitarfélags á haustdögum 2016, eða 1566 manns. Svarhlutfallið var 70,2%. Leik- og grunnskólakennarar voru 45,2% svarenda í rannsókninni. Niðurstöðurnar sýna að 35,4% leik- og grunnskólakennara fannst þeir hafa verið mjög oft eða frekar oft stressaðir í lok vinnudags síðastliðna þrjá mánuði og 49,7% fannst þeir hafa verið mjög eða frekar oft úrvinda í lok vinnudags síðastliðna þrjá mánuði. Sjá mátti að leik- og grunnskólakennarar voru í mun meira mæli en annað starfsfólk sveitarfélaga stressaðir og úrvinda í lok vinnudags (p < 0,001). Fram komu ýmist meðalsterk eða veik tengsl milli staðhæfinganna um starfsaðstæður og þess að vera stressaður og úrvinda í lok dags. Það þýðir að líðan þeirra leik- og grunnskólakennara sem upplifðu starfsaðstæður góðar var betri í lok vinnudags en þeirra sem upplifðu starfsaðstæður síðri. Sterkust voru tengslin milli þess að vera stressaður og úrvinda í lok vinnudags og að upplifa ójafnvægi milli vinnu og einkalífs, óánægju með stjórnun vinnustaðarins og almenna óánægju í starfinu. Niðurstöðurnar sýna mikilvægi þess að huga vel að streituvaldandi þáttum í starfsumhverfi leik- og grunnskólakennara og styrkja heilsuverndandi þætti í starfsumhverfinu, kennurum og nemendum til heilla.
Stafrænt sambýli íslensku og ensku
Authors: Sigurjónsdóttir Sigríður , Rögnvaldsson Eiríkur
Published: February 2020

Markmið öndvegisverkefnisins Greining á málfræðilegum afleiðingum stafræns málsambýlis, sem lýst er í þessari grein, er að kanna stöðu íslensku á tímum mikilla samfélags- og tæknibreytinga, með sérstöku tilliti til hugsanlegra áhrifa ensku, einkum í gegnum stafræna miðla. Í fyrsta lagi er reynt að komast að því hversu mikið mállegt ílag eða máláreiti málnotendur fá, bæði á íslensku og ensku. Í öðru lagi er viðhorf málnotenda kannað, bæði til íslensku og ensku. Í þriðja lagi er orðaforði þátttakenda kannaður, bæði íslenskur og enskur. Í fjórða lagi eru þátttakendur beðnir að leggja mat á ýmis málfræðileg atriði, t.d. beðnir að dæma margvíslegar setningar, og þannig reynt að komast að því hvort aukin enskunotkun í íslensku málsamfélagi nú til dags valdi breytingum á íslensku eða hraði málbreytingum sem hafnar voru fyrir daga snjalltækjabyltingarinnar.Þessi atriði eru könnuð með fernu móti: Í fyrsta lagi með ítarlegri vefkönnun sem send var til 5.000 manna lagskipts handahófskennds úrtaks Íslendinga á aldrinum 3?98 ára. Í öðru lagi með frekari könnunum og viðtölum við 400 manna sérvalið úrtak úr fyrrnefnda hópnum. Í þriðja lagi verður vefkönnunin opnuð öllum sem vilja og reynt með hjálp samfélagsmiðla að fá allt að 10% landsmanna til þátttöku. Í fjórða lagi eru svo rýnihópar og viðtöl við kennara.Vefkönnuninni er lokið og verið er að vinna úr niðurstöðum hennar. Fyrstu niðurstöður benda til þess að verulegur munur sé á aldurshópum hvað varðar alla þá meginþætti sem kannaðir voru — ílag, viðhorf, orðaforða og mat á setningum. Nú er unnið að úrvinnslu gagna þannig að unnt verði að gera ítarlega grein fyrir ýmsum þáttum niðurstaðnanna og skoða hugsanlega fylgni milli þátta, t.d. milli ílags, viðhorfa og ýmissa mállegra þátta. Í þessari grein er fjallað um meginmarkmið verkefnisins, rannsóknaraðferðir og niðurstöður úr vefkönnun um skjá- og netnotkun barna, svo og um virka og óvirka enskunotkun þeirra.
Ground beetles (Carabidae) of field margin habitats
Authors: Bennewicz Janina , Barczak Tadeusz
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study was to identify the role of field margin habitats in preserving the diversity and abundance of ground beetle assemblages, including potentially entomophagous species and those with conservation status in Poland.Research material was collected in 2006–2007 in four types of margin habitats – a forest, bushes, ditches and in two arable fields. Insects were captured into pitfalls, without preservation liquid or bait added to the traps.Traps were inspected twice a week, between May and August, and one sample was a weekly capture.In field margin habitats the most abundant species wereLimodromus assimilis,Anchomenus dorsalis,Pterostichus melanariusandCarabus auratus. A lower abundance of species was noted on fields, with dominantPoecilus cupreusandP. melanarius. The group of zoophagous carabids found in our study includes 30 species from field margin habitats, i.e. 37.5% of all captured Carabidae taxa and 58.3% of all specimens. The share of aphidophagous species was 84.9% among bushes, 86.7% near ditches, and 88.0% in the forest habitat. Several species captured during the study are under protection in Poland. These include the partly protectedCarabus convexus, which also has the status of near threatened species, the partly protectedCalosoma auropunctatum, andBroscus cephalotes. Considering all the investigated field margin habitats, ground beetles were most numerous in the oak-hornbeam habitat, defined as bushes, formed predominantly byPrunus spinosa,Crataegus leavigata,Sambucus nigraandRosa canina. Thus, this habitat was the most important reservoir/refugium for the ground beetles.
Pengaruh Kurs, Suku Bunga, dan Dividen Pershare Terhadap Harga Saham Pada Sektor Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2013– 2017
Authors: Riziqyani Atika , Gunistiyo  , C Niken Wahyu
Published: February 2020

The effect of exchange rate, interest rate and dividend of share price on banking sector which is listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange year 2013-2017. Essay. Tegal: Faculty of Economics and Business Universitas Pancasakti Tegal,2018. The purpose of this study is to determine the ability of investors in considering stock prices in the banking sector in 2013-2017. Hypothesis in this research is 1) exchange rate effect on stock price. 2) interest rates affect the stock price. 3) dividend pershare effect on stock price. 4) exchange rate, interest rate and dividend pershare simultaneously affect the stock price. The population used in this study is a banking company that publishes stock prices listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013-2017. The sample in this research are 21 banking companies. With technique of sampling using purposive sampling. The data in this research is quantitative data. Sources of data in this study are secondary sources obtained from the share price of an annual banking company published in Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2013-2017. Data collection techniques using documentation techniques. Data analysis method using descriptive statistic, classical assumption test, simple linear regression analysis, multiple linear regression analysis and coefficient of determination, then obtained the result of research that the exchange rate does not have a significant effect on stock prices, the interest rate does not significantly influence the stock price, against stock price, exchange rate, interest rate and dividend pershare have significant effect to stock price.
Pengaruh Penerapan Pajak Daerah, Retribusi Daerah dan Dana Bagi Hasil Terhadap Kemandirian Keuangan Daerah di Dinas Pendapatan, Pengelolaan Keuangan, dan Aset Daerah (DPPKAD) Eks Karesidenan Pekalongan Pada Tahun 2013 – 2017
Authors: Balqis
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study is 1) to determine simultaneously the effect of the application of local taxes, regional retribution and revenue sharing funds on financial independence 2) To know partially the effect of tax implementation on regional financial independence 3) To know partially the influence of regional retribution on regional financial independence 4) To know partially the effect of revenue sharing funds on regional financial independence. Data collection method used in this study is documentation. While the data analysis used is classical assumption testing, multiple linear regression analysis, simultaneous significance test (F statistical test), individual parameters significant test (t statistical test) and determination coefficient. The first hypothesis uses simultaneous parameter significance test proving that there is a positive and significant influence on the application of local taxes, regional retribution and revenue sharing on regional financial independence as evidenced by sig = 0,000 <0,05. The second hypothesis uses the individual parameter significance test proving that there is a positive and significant influence on the application of local taxes on regional financial independence as evidenced by the sig value = 0,000 <0,05. The third hypothesis uses an individual parameter significance test proving that there is a positive and insignificant influence on the regional financial independence evidenced by sig = 0.224> 0.05. The fourth hypothesis uses the individual parameter significance test proving that there is a negative and significant effect on revenue sharing on regional financial independence as evidenced by sig = 0.001 <0.05
Pengaruh Jumlah Penduduk, Produk Domestik Regional Bruto dan Inflasi Terhadap Penerimaan Pajak Daerah Pada Kabupaten dan Kota di Provinsi Jawa Tengah
Authors: Sania Hidayati
Published: February 2020

The research aims to knows partially and simultaneously the effect of the number of population, the gross domestic products and inflation toward local tax. Data collection in this research used secondary data. The population in this research amount 35 consist of 29 districts and 6 cities. Sample determination in this research use sample saturated which all population to be sample.The result of this research in the first hypothesis shows the number of population, the gross domestic products and inflation have effect simultaneously toward local tax with significance level of 0,000. The second hypothesis showed the number of population have effect partially toward local tax with significance on the level of 0,001. The third hypothesis showed the gross domestic products have effect partially toward local tax with significance on the level of 0,000. The fourth hypothesis showed inflation have no effect partially toward local tax with significance on the level of 0,915.
Optimalisasi Pengelolaan Lahan dalam Meningkatkan Produksi Jagung, Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Pendapatan Petani Desa Bojongsana Kabupaten Tegal
Authors: Wiyanti Sari
Published: February 2020

The study was conducted in Bojongsana village, Suradadi Subdistrict, Tegal Regency from April to August 2018 to optimize land in increasing corn production, as an effort to increase the income of farmers in Bojongsana village, Tegal Regency. The population in this study were corn growers. The data used in this study are primary data obtained through direct interviews with respondents. While secondary data was obtained from the office of the Bojongsana Village Chief and the Suradadi Agriculture Service Office in Tegal Regency. Sampling using Purposive sampling, namely samples are farmers who have the ability and experience in planting corn according to the purpose of this study. Data and information collected then processed and discussed qualitatively descriptive. The results show that by optimizing the land after the rice harvest, which is utilized for corn production with the strategy of the SWOT analysis can increase farmers' income. To meet market demand for corn, there needs to be a sustainable development of corn production in Bojongsana village, Suradadi District, Tegal Regency.
Analisis Pembentukan Portofolio Optimal dengan Metode Stochastic Dominance dan Single Index Model Pada Saham Industri Real Estate and Property diBursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Ningrum Eftika Riya , Utami Yuni
Published: February 2020

This study aims to see whether there is a difference between the stochastic dominance method and the single index method in forming an optimal portfolio. And see which method is more optimal. The sample used in the study was a real estate and property company listed on the IDX period (2013 -2017) using purposive sampling and analysis sampling techniques using the average difference test. After being tested with each method both modelstochastic and single index model, the results showed that there were differences in returns from the formation of an optimal portfolio with the test results which obtained the results of 0.048 under a significant level of 0.05. And the results of the portfolio return calculation formed by the stochastic method smaller 0.0079 than the portfolio return formed by the single index method of 0.0173 which means that the single index method is more optimal than the stochastic method.
Pengaruh Tax Planning, Corporate Governance dan Deffered Tax Expenses Terhadap Earning Management Pada Perusahaan Properti dan Real Estate yang Tercatat di BEI Tahun 2013-2017
Authors: Afifah Marifatul
Published: February 2020

The research objectives are 1). To know the effect of tax planning, corporate governance and deffered tax expenses simultaneously to earning management. 2). To know the effect of tax planning on earning management. 3) Is there any influence of corporate governance on earning management. 4). Is there any effect of deffered tax expenses on earning management. This type of research is quantitative with descriptive approach. Data collection method used in this research is documentation method. While the technique of data analysis and Hypothesis Testing using classical assumption testing, multiple regression analysis, partial test, simultaneous test, and Coefficient of Determination. The research results prove that there is influence of tax planning, corporate governance and deffered tax expenses simultaneously to earnings management evidenced from result of simultaneous test test obtained probability sig value equal to 0,001 smaller than value a that is equal to 0,05. The effect of tax planning on earning management is evidenced from the partial tax planning results on earning management obtained probability sig value of 0.012 which is smaller than a value of 0.05. There is influence of corporate governance to earnings management evidenced from result of partial examination of corporate governance to earnings management got probability sig value equal to 0,002 smaller than value a that is equal to 0,05. There is no effect of deffered tax expenses on earning management evidenced from the partial test results deffered tax expenses to earnings management probability obtained sig value of 0.859 greater than the value of a is 0.05.
Pengaruh Stabilitas Keuangan, Target Keuangan Tingkat Kinerja, Rasio Perputaran Aset, Keahlian Keuangan Komite Audit, dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Fraudulent Financial Statement
Authors: Pratiya Mutiara Ayu Mindita , Susetyo Budi
Published: February 2020

The effect of financial stability, financial targets, level of performance, asset turnover ratio, audit committee's financial expertise, and profitability to fraudulent financial statement. Essay. Tegal : Faculty of Economics and Business. Pancasakti University Tegal 2018. This study aims to obtain empirical evidence and to analyze the effect of financial stability, financial targets, level of performance, asset turnover ratio, audit committee's financial expertise, and profitbility to fraudulent financial statement which measured using fraud score model (F-Score). The data in this research uses secondary data which form the company's financial statement and annual report. The population in this study are all companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange in period 20142017. This study uses purposive sampling method to select sample from the population and obtained sample of 28 companies of consumer goods industries. The methode of data analysis is performed with classic assumption test, descriptive statistics analysis and hypothesis tested by multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS version 23. The results of this study shows that the financial targets and level of performance significantly to the fraudulent financial statement, however the financial stability, asset turnover ratio, audit committee’s financial expertise, and profitability is not significant to the fraudulent financial statement. Financial stability, financial targets, level of performance, asset turnover ratio, audited financial audit, and profitability simultaneously have a significant effect on fraud financial statements.
Faktor–Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Harga Saham Pada Perusahaan Jasa Perhotelan yang Terdaftar di BEI
Authors: Triayulianti Dini , Waskito Jaka , Herwinarni Yuniarti
Published: February 2020

Tujuan peneliti ini adalah 1) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh book value equity pershare, Debt to Equity Ratio, Earning per Share, return on asset, return on equity secara parsial terhadap harga saham, 2) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh book value equity pershare, Debt to Equity Ratio , Earning per Share, return on asset, return on equity berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap harga saham. Hipotesis penelitian ini adalah 1) diduga terdapati pengaruh book value equity pershare, Debt to Equity Ratio, Earning per Share, return on asset, return on equity secara parsial terhadap harga saham, 2) diduga terdapat pengaruh book value equity pershare, return on equity, return on asset, Debt to Equity Ratio , Earning per Share secara silmutan terhadap harga saham. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Dokumentasi. Sedangkan metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode pengujian Asumsi Klasik Analisis Regresi Linier Berganda, Analisis Regresi Sederhana, Uji F , Uji T, dan Koefisien Determinasi. Dengan menggunakan analisa regresi maka diketahui bahwa harga saham dipengaruhi oleh book value equity per share. Faktor-faktor lain seperti Debt to Equity Ratio, Earning per Share, return on asset, return on equity ternyata tidak berpengaruh terhadap harga saham. Secara umum, dapat dikatakan bahwa faktor-faktor tersebut mempunyai pengaruh yang relatif lemah terhadap variasi harga saham. Ini berarti bahwa variasi harga saham ditentukan oleh faktor-faktor lainnya.
Apakah Green Sukuk Menyebabkan Pengembalian Tidak Normal?
Authors: Luthfi Rahmawati Nur Hasanah
Published: February 2020

Green sukuk must be appropriate with the stock criteria enforced by the principles of Islamic Jurisprudence (Sharia). Equity through three basic selections: sources of income, business activities, and financial factors to be recognized as Islamic stocks. However, the screening criteria can not apply universally especially to financial factors. Investor use financial ratios based on the book value of total assets or market value of the company to make a selection. This results criterion not only in different portofolio composition but also requires a variety of offsets and monitoring costs. The performance of 11 green sukuk from the JII main index using environmentally sharia screening criteria is analyzed in a multi-equation framework. Multi-equation framework have advantage of utilizing information from screening different criteria. These empirical findings indicate that differences in screening criteria do not significantly affect the green sukuk performance. If there is return that deviates from the risk of green sukuk. It is necessary to streamline quantitative screening criteria to avoid confusion among investing communities.
Pengaruh Struktur Aset, Profitabilitas, Kebijakan Dividen, Pertumbuhan Perusahaan dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Kebijakan Hutang pada Perusahaan Perbankan yang Listing di BEI Tahun 2015-2018
Authors: Prabowo Ricky Yulianto , Rahmatika Dien Noviany , Mubarok Abdulloh
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh struktur aset, profitabilitas, kebijakan dividen, pertumbuhan perusahaan dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap kebijakan hutang pada perusahaan perbankan yang listing di BEI tahun 2015-2018. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar pada BEI yang berjumlah 42 perusahaan. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu dengan menggunakan Teknik Pengumpulan Data (Purposive Sampling) yang terdiri dari 9 perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda dengan program SPSS Versi 22. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur aset tidak berpengaruh terhadap kebijakan hutang dengan nilai signifikan 0,090, profitabilitas berpengaruh terhadap kebijakan hutang dengan nilai signifikan 0,004, kebijakan dividen berpengaruh terhadap kebijakan hutang dengan nilai signifikan 0,002, pertumbuhan perusahaan  berpengaruh terhadap kebijakan hutang dengan nilai signifikan 0,000, ukuran perusahaan tidak berpengaruh terhadap kebijakan hutang dengan nilai signifikan 0,074. Hasil uji koefisien determinasi diperoleh R2 sebesar 0,792 atau 79,2%. Dapat diartikan bahwa 79,2% kebijakan hutang dalam model ini dipengaruhi oleh struktur aset, profitabilitas, kebijakan dividen, pertumbuhan perusahaan dan ukuran perusahaan. Sedangkan sisanya sebesar 20,8% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain diluar model penelitian ini.
Analisis Performansi Protokol Routing Proaktif pada Jaringan Mobile Adhoc
Authors: Hidayah Rohmah Nur , Indrabayu Indrabayu , Areni Intan Sari
Published: February 2020

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) menawarkan paradigma pemodelan baru yang mendukung komunikasi antar kendaraan secara real time menggunakan routing protocol yang disebut Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET). Pada dasarnya kinerja routing protocol dipengaruhi oleh arus dan aturan lalu lintas yang bersifat dinamis sehingga perubahan tersebut akan menyebabkan perubahan pada kinerja routing protocol juga. Untuk itu, penelitian ini mengusulkan rancangan mobilitas realistis berdasarkan data makroskopis dan mikroskopis jalan perkotaan. Rancangan mobilitas dibagi menjadi 2 skenario berdasarkan kepadatan kendaraan, yaitu 125 dan 200 node. Penelitian ini bersifat simulasi dan dibagi menjadi 2 tahap. Tahap pertama yaitu simulasi mobilitas yang menunjukkan pergerakan kendaraan serta aturan lalu lintas yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi realistis. Tahap kedua adalah simulasi jaringan yang bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja routing protocol DSDV dan OLSR terhadap rancangan model mobilitas. Untuk menguji kinerja kedua  routing protocol, maka digunakan 3 metrik pengujian yaitu Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Overhead Ratio (OR) dan End to End Delay (E2ED). Hasil simulasi menunjukkan OLSR unggul pada metrik PDR dan OR, yaitu masing-masing 88.62% dan 57.11%. Sedangkan E2ED terbaik ditunjukkan oleh DSDV dengan nilai 0.523 detik. Kinerja terbaik kedua routing protocol ditunjukkan pada skenario 125 node. Hal ini menunjukkan kedua routing protocol belum mampu mengatasi kondisi lalu lintas perkotaan yang sangat padat.
Rancang Bangun Robot Pengangkut Sampah pada Kanal Sempit
Authors: Muhtar Muhtar , Syam Rafiuddin , Djafar Zulkifli
Published: February 2020

Salah satu penyebab terjadinya banjir adalah faktor sampah yang banyak tersebar di kanal. Salah satu cara mengatasinya adalah dengan membuat robot pengangkut sampah pada kanal sempit. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah merancang sebuah model robot pengangkut sampah pada kanal dan mampu membuat program arduino dalam mengopersikan robot tersebut. Bagian-bagian robot ini adalah rumah robot, rangka pengangkut sampah, pengangkut sampah, motor penggerak sistem, roda pengerak, arduino uno dan perangkatnya serta aki. Prinsip kerja robot ini adalah program memberi printah kerja pada sistem atau motor penggerak untuk menggerakkan rangka pengangkut sampah bergerak turun ke kanal untuk menemukan air. Di saat sensor air telah menyentuh air maka sensor akan mengirim ke program agar memberhentikan motor penggerak rangka pengangkut sampah. Bersamaan dengan itu, program memerintahkan/mengirim sinyal ke motor penggerak pengangkut sampah (jaring-jaring dan bilah pipa) agar berputar, sehingga bergerak menyaring sampah yang ada. Pada penelitian ini robot pengangkut mampu mengangkat sampah 5 kg sehingga diproleh torsi mesin  7,5 kg.cm dan Daya sebesar 117,75 Watt. Sedangkan menurut perhitungan mesin robot ini mampu mengangkat sampah sebesar 66,7 kg memiliki  torsi sebesar 100 kg.cm dan daya sebesar 14401,7 watt.
Harmonising Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) for South East Asia for Accurate Dietary Data Interpretation
Authors: Mohamed Hamid Jan Jan
Published: February 2020

South East Asia (SEA) is an ethnically diverse region but still share some similarities with regards to food intake1. Each country within SEA can be considered as food heaven with its diversity of dietary choices and creativity in food preparations. Within SEA, each individual country is also unique due to its culture, tradition and food choice. Additionally, cross country immigration for economic purpose also demand healthcare providers of host country some additional tasks for evidence-based dietary advice as their training were mostly focused at local foods. For researchers on regional dietary intake huge challenge appears when comparison between countries are made with regards to dietary intake. It raises two pertinent questions. Is it correct to compare food date collected using unstandardized dietary intake tool? Is it possible to harmonise the dietary data and produce a FFQ as a standard tool?
Probiotics as prevention for gastro-intestinal disorders in pediatrics
Authors: Vandenplas Yvan
Published: February 2020

This is a narrative review of largely randomized trials on the impacts of probiotics. It concludes that evidence for beneficial effects of selected probiotics in the prevention of gastrointestinal disorders is limited mainly to acute gastroenteritis, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, infantile colic and necrotizing enterocolitis.  However, there is no broad consensus to recommend the use of probiotics in the prevention of these conditions, mainly because of the different designs used in different studies, resulting in limited evidence for specific strains, dosages and indications. More well-designed studies utilizing standardized methodologies are needed before recommendations can be proposed. At this stage, there is insufficient evidence to recommend the routine use of probiotics in infants and children for the prevention of gastro-intestinal disorders
Selenium in Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Stefani Shiela , Halim Lukman , Andayani Diyah Eka , Witjaksono Fiastuti
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Thyroid gland has the highest selenium content compare with other endocrine organs. Enzyme that catalyzing thyroid hormone activation, iodothyronine deiodinases, were identified as selenocysteine-containing proteins. Selenium levels in soil and rice consumed in Indonesia were lower than in several other countries, which can increase the risk of selenium deficiency.Methods: This is an article review of the current literatures published up to November 2018 about the role of selenium in hyperthyroid.Result: Several studies have shown that selenium supplementation can be beneficial in patients with Graves disease and autoimmune thyroiditis. Selenium has an important immunomodulatory effect, but the effects of selenium supplementation in hyperthyroid has not been conclude. Data regarding selenium intake, prevalence of deficiency, and the relationship between selenium and thyroid disease in Indonesia are limited. Various studies of selenium supplementation in thyroid disease provide controversial results, so there are no guidelines that include selenium as standard therapy hyperthyroid. Selenium supplementation can enhance the restoration of biochemical euthyroidism in Graves disease and was associated with a significant decrease in the levels of thyroid peroxidase antibodies in autoimmune thyroiditis.Conclusions: Micronutrients that play a role in thyroid hormone synthesis and maintain thyroid function in addition to selenium are iodine, iron, zinc, and vitamin A. By correcting the deficit of selenium, and meeting other micronutrient requirements may provide health benefits in patient with hyperthyroid.
Correlation Between Docosahexaenoic Acid Intake and It’s Content in Breast Milk of Lactating Mothers in Jakarta
Authors: Kosasih Raphael , Mudjihartini Ninik , Bardosono Saptawati
Published: February 2020

Objective: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the predominant structural fatty acid in the brain and crucial for cognitive development in early life. Newborn DHA intake completely depends on preformed DHA in mother’s breast milk. In advancing years, globalization has been declining the fish intake of Asian countries. This study aims to determine DHA intake among lactating mothers in Jakarta and its association with breast milk’s DHA.Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Grogol Petamburan and Cilincing Public Health Centers, Jakarta. Eighty healthy lactating mothers aged 20–35 years old in 1–6 months postpartum were taken using consecutive sampling method. Characteristics data were taken by interviews and DHA intake was assessed with the semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Breast milk specimens were collected in the morning and its DHA content was analyzed using Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry. Descriptive analyses and Spearman rho test were used with a 95% confidence level.Result: This study showed the median of subjects’ DHA intake was 158.5(13.9–719.7) mg/day, i.e., 67.5% of the subjects was below Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) recommendation. The median of breast milk DHA was 51.7(19–184.7) mg/day, only 42.5 % of the subjects had breast milk DHA to meet the minimal requirement of their infant. A moderate positive correlation was found between maternal DHA intake with breast milk DHA (r = 0.478, p < 0.001). Conclusion:  Maternal DHA intake has moderate positive correlation with breast milk DHA, more than half of the subject had DHA intake below FAO recommendation.
Serum lipid and electrolyte profiles of Wistar rats fed with Vernonia amygdalina supplemented Vigna subterranea (Bambara groundnut) pudding
Authors: Egbung Godwin E. , Essien Nyakno A. , Mgbang John E. , Egbung Josephine E.
Published: February 2020

Objective:

This study investigated the effects of Vernonia amygdalina supplementation on Vigna subterrenea (bambara groundnut) pudding on serum lipid profile and electrolyte levels in Wistar rats.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty five weanling rats were randomly selected into 5 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1 received normal rat pellet. Groups 2 and 3 received 10% and 5% (w/w) non supplemented bambara pudding, respectively. Groups 4 and 5 were fed with 10% and 5% (w/w) Vernonia supplemented bambara pudding, respectively, for 21 days. The animals were sacrificed using anaesthesia at the end of the experiment and blood sample collected for serum lipid profile and serum electrolyte determinations using standard methods.

Results:

There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in total cholesterol level in groups 2 (1.64 ± 0.01 mmol/L) and 4 (1.66 ± 0.01 mmol/L) compared to normal control (1.31 ± 0.02 mmol/L). Triacylglycerol level increased significantly in groups 2, 3, and 4 compared to normal control. The high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and Serum sodium level were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in group 2 and 4 respectively compared to the normal control. Potassium, chloride, bicarbonate and calcium levels showed significant increases in group 2 relative to normal control. Phosphate level decreased significantly in group 2 (1.37 ± 0.03 mmol/L), 3 (1.43 ± 0.03 mmol/L) and 5 (1.37 ± 0.03 mmol/L) when compared to normal control (1.75 ± 0.03 mmol/L) respectively.

Conclusion:

Consumption of bambara groundnut pudding supplemented with Vernonia leaves increases HDL-c level as well as supply appreciable amounts of electrolytes in the body.
Variation in some water quality parameters in vended water from source to consumption: A case of Anguwar Liman area of Samaru-Zaria, Nigeria
Authors: Ibrahim F. B. , Ogbozige F. J. , Jimoh A. M.
Published: February 2020

Objective:

In recent years, vended water has increasingly become a source of drinking water in most of the urban and rural centers of developing countries due to inadequate piped water supplies. Hence, this study assessed the quality of vended water and its level of contamination at source, during transportation, and at point of use in Unguwar Liman area of Samaru-Zaria during rainy and dry seasons.

Materials and Methods:

This included assessment of physicochemical and bacteriological characteristics and comparing the findings with the World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ). The water samples were analyzed for color, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, nitrate, phosphate, biological oxygen demand (BOD), and total coliform (TC).

Results:

The color of all the samples was constant at 5 true color unit irrespective of season and point of sampling. However, the mean concentrations or values of the three points assessed for turbidity, TDS, pH, and nitrate during dry and wet seasons were 1.693 and 2.663 nephelometric turbidity unit; 670 and 257 mg/l; 8.3 and 7.3 then 0.105 and 0.178 mg/l, respectively. Similarly, the mean concentrations for phosphate, BOD, and TC during dry and wet seasons were 0.0006 and 0.0068 mg/l; 1.052 and 0.928 mg/l, and 4 and 27 most probable number/100 ml, respectively. The result also revealed that all the physicochemical parameters investigated were within the acceptable limits of the WHO standard and NSDWQ irrespective of the season (except TDS during the wet season), while coliform counts were above the permissible limit during both seasons.

Conclusion:

It was established that the vended water of the study area has better quality during the dry season hence, inhabitants of the study area were advised to disinfect vended water mostly during the rainy season before consumption in other to avoid waterborne diseases.
ER-resident sensor PERK is essential for mitochondrial thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue
Authors: Kato Hironori , Okabe Kohki , Miyake Masato , Hattori Kazuki , Fukaya Tomohiro , Tanimoto Kousuke , Beini Shi , Mizuguchi Mariko , Torii Satoru , Arakawa Satoko , Ono Masaya , Saito Yusuke , Sugiyama Takashi , Funatsu Takashi , Sato Katsuaki , Shimizu Shigeomi , Oyadomari Seiichi , Ichijo Hidenori , Kadowaki Hisae , Nishitoh Hideki
Published: February 2020

Mitochondria play a central role in the function of brown adipocytes (BAs). Although mitochondrial biogenesis, which is indispensable for thermogenesis, is regulated by coordination between nuclear DNA transcription and mitochondrial DNA transcription, the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial development during BA differentiation are largely unknown. Here, we show the importance of the ER-resident sensor PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) in the mitochondrial thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue. During BA differentiation, PERK is physiologically phosphorylated independently of the ER stress. This PERK phosphorylation induces transcriptional activation by GA-binding protein transcription factor α subunit (GABPα), which is required for mitochondrial inner membrane protein biogenesis, and this novel role of PERK is involved in maintaining the body temperatures of mice during cold exposure. Our findings demonstrate that mitochondrial development regulated by the PERK–GABPα axis is indispensable for thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue.
Impact of health messaging in a televised soap opera on diabetes risk knowledge: a longitudinal study conducted in Fiji
Authors: Mudaliar Jyotishna , Mccool Judith , Gerbasi Megan , Becker Anne
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Purpose: We hypothesized that exposure to locally relevant health content in Shortland Street (a New Zealand based hospital television drama) would be associated with increased knowledge and awareness of diabetes and associated risk factors.

Methods: Prospective study design to compare knowledge of health and diabetes-related risk, and healthy behaviours, self-efficacy, behavioural intentions, and perceived social norms among a convenience sample of Fijian television viewers exposed to health messaging in three episodes of Shortland Street.

Results: Exposure to health messages in the Shortland Street episodes was associated with change in perceived health and diabetes norms. Perception that family members were engaged with healthy behaviors increased significantly following exposure (p = .033). Perceived prevalence of diabetes among acquaintances significantly increased following exposure to the episodes (p = .008).

Conclusions: Entertainment Education may be helpful in shifting health norms in the context of Fiji, alongside other health promotion measures.
Pasifika Medical Association 23rd Conference Niue 24–26 September 2019
Authors: Okesene-Gafa Kara
Published: February 2020

Pasifika Medical Association Conference 2019: The Rising Tide Statement, 26 September 2019
ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИЯ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ КАК ФАКТОР РАЗВИТИЯ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО КАПИТАЛА (НА МАТЕРИАЛАХ РОСТОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ)
Authors: Абраменко Мария Петровна , Ревунов Роман Вадимович , Щербина Михаил Михайлович
Published: February 2020

Цель работы заключается в том, чтобы выявить основные демографические тенденции, идентифицировать факторы, детерминирующие показатели развития человеческого капитала в регионе, аргументировать организационно-экономические предпосылки развития человеческого капитала. Метод или методология работы. Использование в процессе исследования методов статистической обработки массивов данных, структурирования и группировки, способов научной абстракции, моделирования социально-экономических тенденций региона позволило установить основные пространственно-демографические тенденции Ростовской области. Результаты. Общая численность населения Ростовской области за период 2014‒2018 гг. имеет тенденцию к снижению, в абсолютных цифрах составившую 150 тыс. чел. При этом в территориальном разрезе наблюдаются противоречивые тенденции, отражающие неравномерность распределения социально-демографических процессов в регионе. В частности, численность населения крупнейшей промышленно-хозяйственной агломерации Ростовской области – города Ростов-на-Дону возросла на 21 тыс. чел. Также увеличивается население прилегающих к Ростову-на-Дону городов и районов, фактически являющихся частью ростовской агломерации: Аксайского района (+10 тыс. чел.), Батайска (+9 тыс. чел.). Основными факторами, побуждающими граждан переезжать в Ростов-на-Дону, являются следующие: более высокая доступность качественного образования, наличие рабочих мест в различных отраслях экономики, более комфортные условия проживания, по сравнению с другими населёнными пунктами. Выравнивание социально-экономических диспропорций, связанных с вынужденной миграцией населения, является одной из приоритетных задач на современном этапе развития Ростовской области. Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы органами государственной власти Южного федерального округа, Ростовской области, органами местного самоуправления региона, муниципальными образованиями при составлении планов экономического развития отраслей экономики, разработке стратегий и программ развития социальной сферы. Выводы: на основе анализа динамики численности населения установлены факты внутрирегиональной миграции граждан из сельских территорий в промышленно-хозяйственные агломерации (при общем сокращении численности населения Ростовской области). Для преодоления пространственно-демографических диспропорций, а также в целях усиления имеющихся и формирования новых конкурентных преимуществ Ростовской области необходимо создавать организационно-экономические предпосылки развития человеческого капитала.
СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ МОНОГОРОДОВ И ПУТИ ИХ РЕШЕНИЯ: ЗАРУБЕЖНЫЙ И ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННЫЙ ОПЫТ
Authors: Ларченко Ольга Викторовна
Published: February 2020

Цель работы. Целью статьи является выявление возможных путей решения проблем моногородов. Для достижения поставленной цели необходимо решить следующие задачи: выявить проблемы функционирования современных моногородов Российской Федерации, в т. ч. на примере Республики Карелия; рассмотреть основные меры государственной поддержки моногородов; предложить возможные варианты решения проблем моногородов с учетом международного и российского опыта. Моногорода являются особыми поселениями, существование которых тесно связано с деятельностью градообразующего предприятия, функционирующего на его территории. Вопрос функционирования моногородов и градообразующих предприятий имеет стратегическое значение как для отдельных территорий, так и для всей страны. При написании статьи использовались общенаучные методы: индукция и дедукция, синтез, сравнительный анализ. В статье рассмотрен международный опыт решения проблем моногородов, указаны общие и отличительные черты.  Выявлены и определены проблемы российских моногородов, предложен ряд конкретных мер по решению проблем моногородов.
ЭНЕРГОЕМКОСТЬ ВВП: АНАЛИЗ ДИНАМИКИ, ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ С СОСТОЯНИЕМ КОММУНАЛЬНОЙ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЫ
Authors: Щербаков Дмитрий Андреевич
Published: February 2020

Статья посвящена анализу динамики показателя энергоемкости ВВП и ее взаимосвязи с состоянием коммунальной инфраструктуры. Цель исследования – рассмотреть реальную динамику снижения энергоемкости ВВП России и обосновать опасность недостаточного ее снижения для коммунальной инфраструктуры страны. Предметом является анализ политики энергоэффективности в РФ. Методологию исследования составили: анализ взаимосвязей, рассмотрение методик учета и расчета показателей, изучение статистических данных. Среди множества проблем коммунальной инфраструктуры особый акцент зачастую делается именно на технических, проблема высокого износа основных фондов является очевидной для всех. Но справедливо ли ее ставить на роль первопричины всех бед и плохой работы сферы в целом? На взгляд автора, износ основных фондов – это естественный процесс, который должен контролироваться и устраняться грамотным управлением коммунальным комплексом, а также рациональным эксплуатированием. Энергоемкость ВВП отражает степень нагрузки на большую часть основных фондов коммунальной инфраструктуры. Как известно, Россия входит в тройку стран мира по количеству потребленной энергии в год. Потенциал уменьшения энергоемкости зарубежными экспертами оценивается очень высоко, как минимум 40–45 %, и это только за счет очевидных и наиболее доступных возможностей России. Энергоемкость ВВП является обратным показателем энергоэффективности экономики страны. Данные показатели позволяют понять, насколько хорошо извлекается полезный эффект из производимой энергии. Следовательно, можно видеть перспективу, сколько энергии будет нужно в дальнейшем для успешного развития отраслей экономики. В статье обосновывается значимость данных показателей и взаимосвязь с состоянием коммунальной инфраструктуры. Анализируется динамика энергоемкости ВВП в России, проводится сравнительный анализ по ряду показателей с другими странами.