bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disentangling the association of PAH molecules with star formation
Authors: Ujjwal Krishnan , Kartha Sreeja S. , Akhil Krishna R. , Mathew Blesson , Subramanian Smitha , Sudheesh T. P. , Thomas Robin
Published: January 2024

Context. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous complex molecules in the interstellar medium and are used as an indirect indicator of star formation. On the other hand, the ultraviolet (UV) emission from young massive stars directly traces the star formation activity in a galaxy. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), along with the UltraViolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT), opened up a new window of opportunity to better understand the properties of PAH molecules that are associated with star-forming regions.

Aims. We investigate how the resolved scale properties of PAH molecules in nearby galaxies are affected by star formation.

Methods. We analyzed the PAH features observed at 3.3, 7.7, and 11.3 μm using F335M, F770W, and F1130W images obtained from the JWST. These images helped us identify and quantify the PAH molecules. Additionally, we used UVIT images to assess the star formation associated with these PAH-emitting regions. Our study focused on three galaxies, namely NGC 628, NGC 1365, and NGC 7496, which were selected based on the availability of both JWST and UVIT images. Bright PAH emission regions were identified in the JWST images, and their corresponding UV emission was estimated using the UVIT images. We quantified the star formation properties of these PAH emitting regions using the UVIT images. Furthermore, we investigated the relation between the star formation surface density (ΣSFR) and the PAH ratios to better understand the impact of star formation on the properties of PAH molecules.

Results. Based on the resolved scale study of the PAH-bright regions using JWST images, we found that the fraction of ionized PAH molecules is high in the star-forming regions with high ΣSFR. We observed that emission from smaller PAH molecules is higher in star-forming regions with higher ΣSFR.

Conclusions. Our study suggests that the PAH molecules excited by the photons from star-forming regions with higher ΣSFR are dominantly smaller and ionized molecules. UV photons from the star-forming regions could be the reason for the higher fraction of the ionized PAHs. We suggest that the effect of the high temperature in the star-forming regions and the formation of smaller PAH molecules in the star-forming regions might also result in the higher emission in the F335MPAH band.
The evolution of continuum polarization in type II supernovae as a diagnostic of ejecta morphology
Authors: Dessart Luc , Hillier D. John , Leonard Douglas C.
Published: January 2024

The linear polarization of the optical continuum of type II supernovae (SNe), together with its temporal evolution is a promising source of information about the large-scale geometry of their ejecta. To help access this information, we undertook 2D polarized radiative transfer calculations to map the possible landscape of type II SN continuum polarization (Pcont) from 20 to 300 days after explosion. Our simulations were based on crafted 2D axisymmetric ejecta constructed from 1D nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium time-dependent radiative transfer calculations for the explosion of a red supergiant star. Following the approach used in our previous work on SN 2012aw, we considered a variety of bipolar explosions in which spherical symmetry is broken by material within ~30° of the poles that has a higher kinetic energy (up to a factor of two) and higher56Ni abundance (up to a factor of about five, allowing for56Ni at high velocity). Our set of eight 2D ejecta configurations produced considerable diversity inPcont(λ~ 7000 Å), although its maximum of 1–4% systematically occurs around the transition to the nebular phase. Before and after this transition,Pcontmay be null, constant, rising, or decreasing, which is caused by the complex geometry of the depth-dependent density and ionization and also by optical depth effects. Our modest angle-dependent explosion energy can yield aPcontof 0.5–1% at early times. Residual optical-depth effects can yield an angle-dependent SN brightness and constant polarization at nebular times. The observed values ofPconttend to be lower than obtained here. This suggests that more complicated geometries with competing large-scale structures cancel the polarization. Extreme asymmetries seem to be excluded.
From ZAMS to merger: Detailed binary evolution models of coalescing neutron star – black hole systems at solar metallicity
Authors: Xing Zepei , Bavera Simone S. , Fragos Tassos , Kruckow Matthias U. , Román-Garza Jaime , Andrews Jeff J. , Dotter Aaron , Kovlakas Konstantinos , Misra Devina , Srivastava Philipp M. , Rocha Kyle A. , Sun Meng , Zapartas Emmanouil
Published: January 2024

Neutron star – black hole (NSBH) merger events bring us new opportunities to constrain theories of stellar and binary evolution and understand the nature of compact objects. In this work, we investigated the formation of merging NSBH binaries at solar metallicity by performing a binary population synthesis study of merging NSBH binaries with the newly developed code POSYDON. The latter incorporates extensive grids of detailed single and binary evolution models, covering the entire evolution of a double compact object progenitor. We explored the evolution of NSBHs originating from different formation channels, which in some cases differ from earlier studies performed with rapid binary population synthesis codes. In this paper, we present the population properties of merging NSBH systems and their progenitors such as component masses, orbital features, and BH spins, and we detail our investigation of the model uncertainties in our treatment of common envelope (CE) evolution and the core-collapse process. We find that at solar metallicity, under the default model assumptions, most of the merging NSBHs have BH masses in the range of 3 − 11 M⊙ and chirp masses within 1.5 − 4 M⊙. Independently of our model variations, the BH always forms first with dimensionless spin parameter ≲0.2, which is correlated to the initial binary orbital period. Some BHs can subsequently spin up moderately (χBH ≲ 0.4) due to mass transfer, which we assume to be Eddington limited. Binaries that experience CE evolution rarely demonstrate large tilt angles. Conversely, approximately 40% of the binaries that undergo only stable mass transfer without CE evolution contain an anti-aligned BH. Finally, accounting for uncertainties in both the population modeling and the NS equation of state, we find that 0 − 18.6% of NSBH mergers may be accompanied by an electromagnetic counterpart.
Dust survival in harsh environments
Authors: Nanni A. , Cristallo S. , Donevski D. , Michałowski M. J. , Romano M. , Sawant P.
Published: January 2024

Aims. We investigate the role of photo-evaporation of dust that is exposed to the radiation field of hot young stars and planetary nebulae (PNe) as a possible destruction mechanism of dust grains in the interstellar medium (ISM).

Methods. We estimated photo-evaporation induced by the feedback of individual or clustered young stars, of PNe, and in the presence of a variable radiation field that scales with the interstellar radiation field. For PNe, we investigated the dust photo-evaporation of dust grains already present in the ISM and of those formed in the last phases of the evolution of thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch (TP-AGB) stars. We included dust photo-evaporation rate in models of dust evolution in galaxies for different assumptions of the dust growth scenario, the dust-to-gas ratios, the star formation histories, and the initial mass functions of the stars.

Results. For all the cases we considered, we found that both photo-evaporation from young stars and from PNe is negligible with respect to other dust-removal processes such as destruction from supernova shocks, astration, and possibly outflow. Grains are stable against photo-evaporation when they are exposed to a radiation field that is up to 107 times the interstellar radiation field.

Conclusions. Dust grains of size ≥0.01 µm are not efficiently destroyed either by photo-evaporation in the presence of a strong radiation field.
Identification and extraction of type II and III radio bursts based on YOLOv7
Authors: Zhang Weidan , Wang Bing , Wu Zhao , Chen Yao , Yan Fabao
Published: January 2024

Solar radio bursts (SRBs) are extreme space weather events characterized by intense solar radio emissions that are closely related to solar flares. They represent signatures of the same underlying processes that are responsible for well-documented solar phenomena such as sunspots, solar flares, and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The study of SRBs holds significant importance as it provides a means to monitor and predict solar flares and CMEs, enhancing our ability to forecast potential impacts on Earth’s communications and satellites. Typically, SRBs below several hundred megahertz can be categorized into five types (I–V), with type II and type III bursts being the most prevalent. This study introduces a novel approach based on the YOLOv7 model for the detection and classification of type II and type III SRBs. The proposed method effectively identifies and classifies various SRB types, achieving a mean average precision accuracy of 73.5%. A trained neural network was deployed for SRB detection in the Chashan Broadband Solar radio spectrograph at meter wavelength (CBSm) data, enabling the extraction of valuable SRB information for subsequent research. This demonstrates that even when we are dealing with extensive datasets, this method can automatically recognize outbursts and extract pertinent physical information. Although our experiments with the CBSm dataset currently rely on the daily spectrum, further advancements in CBSm backend data processing techniques are expected to enable near-real-time burst detection, which is a powerful tool for accurately assessing and analyzing SRBs, and significantly contribute to the field of space weather forecasting and protective measures. Furthermore, the applicability of this method to other stations within the Chinese Meridian Project II (e.g., Mingantu Spectral Radioheliograph and Daocheng Solar Radio Telescope) enhances the capability of space weather data fusion and model development. Therefore, this research represents a substantial contribution to the domain of space weather research, offering a valuable tool for the detection and classification of SRBs and thereby improving our ability to predict and mitigate the impacts of extreme space weather events on Earth’s technology and infrastructure.
TOI-1199 b and TOI-1273 b: Two new transiting hot Saturns detected and characterized with SOPHIE and TESS
Authors: Serrano Bell J. , Díaz R. F. , Hébrard G. , Martioli E. , Heidari N. , Sousa S. , Boisse I. , Almenara J. M. , Alonso-Santiago J. , Barros S. C. C. , Benni P. , Bieryla A. , Bonfils X. , Caldwell D. A. , Ciardi D. R. , Collins K. A. , Cortés-Zuleta P. , Dalal S. , de León J. P. , Deleuil M. , Delfosse X. , Demangeon O. D. S. , Esparza-Borges E. , Forveille T. , Frasca A. , Fukui A. , Gregorio J. , Guerrero N. M. , Howell S. B. , Hoyer S. , Ikuta K. , Jenkins J. M. , Kiefer F. , Latham D. W. , Marino G. , Michaels E. J. , Moutou C. , Murgas F. , Narita N. , Palle E. , Parviainen H. , Santos N. C. , Stassun K. G. , Winn J. N.
Published: January 2024

We report the characterization of two planet candidates detected by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), TOI-1199 b and TOI-1273 b, with periods of 3.7 and 4.6 days, respectively. Follow-up observations for both targets, which include several ground-based light curves, confirmed the transit events. High-precision radial velocities from the SOPHIE spectrograph revealed signals at the expected frequencies and phases of the transiting candidates and allowed mass determinations with a precision of 8.4% and 6.7% for TOI-1199 b and TOI-1273 b, respectively. The planetary and orbital parameters were derived from a joint analysis of the radial velocities and photometric data. We find that the planets have masses of 0.239 ± 0.020 MJ and 0.222 ± 0.015 MJ and radii of 0.938 ± 0.025 RJ and 0.99 ± 0.22 RJ, respectively. The grazing transit of TOI-1273 b translates to a larger uncertainty in its radius, and hence also in its bulk density, compared to TOI-1199 b. The inferred bulk densities of 0.358 ± 0.041 g cm−3 and 0.28 ± 0.11 g cm−3 are among the lowest known for exoplanets in this mass range, which, considering the brightness of the host stars (V≈11 mag), render them particularly amenable to atmospheric characterization via the transit spectroscopy technique. The better constraints on the parameters of TOI-1199 b provide a transmission spectroscopy metric of 134 ± 17, making it the better suited of the two planets for atmospheric studies.
LOFAR HBA observations of the Euclid Deep Field North (EDFN)
Authors: Bondi M. , Scaramella R. , Zamorani G. , Ciliegi P. , Vitello F. , Arias M. , Best P. N. , Bonato M. , Botteon A. , Brienza M. , Brunetti G. , Hardcastle M. J. , Magliocchetti M. , Massaro F. , Morabito L. K , Pentericci L. , Prandoni I. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Shimwell T. W. , Tasse C. , van Weeren R. J. , White G. J.
Published: January 2024

We present the first deep (72 h of observations) radio image of the Euclid Deep Field North (EDFN) obtained with the LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR) High Band Antenna (HBA) at 144 MHz. The EDFN is the latest addition to the LOFAR Two-Metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) Deep Fields, and these observations represent the first data release for this field. The observations produced a 6″ resolution image with a central rms noise of 32 μJy beam−1. A catalogue of ~23 000 radio sources above a signal-to-noise ratio threshold of five is extracted from the inner circular 10 deg2 region. We discuss the data analysis, and we provide a detailed description of how we derived the catalogue of radio sources, the issues related to direction-dependent calibration, and their effects on the final products. Finally, we derive the radio source counts at 144 MHz in the EDFN using catalogues of mock radio sources to derive the completeness correction factors. The source counts in the EDFN are consistent with those obtained from the first data release of the other LoTSS Deep Fields (ELAIS-N1, Lockman Hole and Bootes), despite the different method adopted to construct the final catalogue and to assess its completeness.
First deep search of tidal tails in the Milky Way globular cluster NGC 6362
Authors: Piatti Andrés E.
Published: January 2024

I present results of the analysis of a set of images obtained in the field of the Milky Way globular cluster NGC 6362 using the Dark Energy Camera, which is mounted in the 4.0 m Victor Blanco telescope of the Cerro-Tololo Interamerican Observatory. The cluster was selected as a science case for deep high-quality photometry because of the controversial observational findings and theoretical predictions on the existence of cluster tidal tails. The collected data allowed me to build an unprecedented deep cluster field color-magnitude diagram, from which I filtered stars to produce a stellar density map, to trace the stellar density variation as a function of the position angle for different concentric annuli centered on the cluster, and to construct a cluster stellar density radial profile. I also built a stellar density map from a synthetic color-magnitude diagram generated from a model of the stellar population distribution in the Milky Way. The entire analysis approach converged toward a relatively smooth stellar density between 1 and ∼3.8 cluster Jacobi radii, with a slight difference smaller than two times the background stellar density fluctuation between the mean stellar density of the southeastern hemisphere and that of the northwestern one, with the latter being higher. Moreover, the spatial distribution of the recently claimed tidal tail stars agrees well not only with the observed composite star field distribution, but also with the region least affected by interstellar absorption. Nevertheless, I detected a low stellar density excess around the cluster’s Jacobi radius, from which I conclude that NGC 6362 presents a thin extra tidal halo.
Thermal tides in neutrally stratified atmospheres: Revisiting the Earth’s Precambrian rotational equilibrium
Authors: Farhat Mohammad , Auclair-Desrotour Pierre , Boué Gwenaël , Deitrick Russell , Laskar Jacques
Published: January 2024

Rotational dynamics of the Earth, over geological timescales, have profoundly affected local and global climatic evolution, probably contributing to the evolution of life. To better retrieve the Earth’s rotational history, and motivated by the published hypothesis of a stabilized length of day during the Precambrian, we examined the effect of thermal tides on the evolution of planetary rotational motion. The hypothesized scenario is contingent upon encountering a resonance in atmospheric Lamb waves, whereby an amplified thermotidal torque cancels out the opposing torque generated by the oceans and solid interior, driving the Earth into rotational equilibrium. With this scenario in mind, we constructed an ab initio model of thermal tides on rocky planets describing a neutrally stratified atmosphere. The model takes into account dissipative processes with Newtonian cooling and diffusive processes in the planetary boundary layer. We retrieved, from this model, a closed-form solution for the frequency-dependent tidal torque, which captures the main spectral features previously computed using 3D general circulation models. In particular, under longwave heating, diffusive processes near the surface and the delayed thermal response of the ground prove to be responsible for attenuating, and possibly annihilating, the accelerating effect of the thermotidal torque at the resonance. When applied to the Earth, our model prediction suggests the occurrence of the Lamb resonance in the Phanerozoic, but with an amplitude that is insufficient for the rotational equilibrium. Interestingly, though our study was motivated by the Earth’s history, the generic tidal solution can be straightforwardly and efficiently applied in exoplanetary settings.
Fluorescence emission modification of triphenylamine derivatives by aggregate formation in solution or by mechanical stress in solid state
Authors: Estournet Lise , Loriot Mathieu , Mezghani Inès , Pollien Audrey , Villette Nina
Published: January 2024

Two derivatives of triphenylamine, 4-(diphenylamino)benzaldehyde and 2-(4- (diphenylamino)benzylidene)malononitrile, with acceptor mesomeric groups, an aldehyde moiety and a dicyanovinyl group respectively, were synthesized and found to have aggregation-induced emission (AIE) or aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE) properties in several DMF/H2O mixtures. The size of the formed aggregates was studied with Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and a significant change of approximately 200 nm was observed according to the water fraction in DMF. Mechanoluminochromism characteristics in the solid state were also observed. A shift in the emission bands was noticed when comparing the solid before and after grinding, as well as when comparing the crystalline and amorphous form.
The method of optimal resource management of a distributed dynamic system based on the algorithm of zeroing neural networks
Authors: Bryukhanova Evgenia
Published: January 2024

The method of optimal resource management of a distributed dynamic system based on the algorithm of zeroing neural networks offers a new approach to effective resource management in distributed dynamic systems using advanced machine learning technologies. Research questions concern determining optimal resource management strategies in a distributed dynamic system, as well as evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed method in various scenarios. The research methods include mathematical formalization of the problem, development of an algorithm for zeroing neural networks and conducting numerical experiments based on computer modeling. The results of the study demonstrate the high efficiency of the proposed method of optimal resource management in a distributed dynamic system. The conclusions emphasize the importance of using the algorithm of zeroing neural networks in the context of optimal resource management in distributed systems and the possibility of its application to solve practical problems in various fields, such as energy, production, transport and others.
Implementation of a hybrid method for optimizing traffic light phases using Anylogic
Authors: Stupin Artem , Stasiuk Vladislav , Shagaeva Olga
Published: January 2024

Traffic light interval signals have been operating according to the same pattern for many years. Small towns do not create traffic control units due to high costs. The operation of a traffic light is limited to several modes or has constant values of the temporary duration of traffic light phases throughout the day, which makes it difficult to organize traffic during times of high traffic loads on the road network. An algorithm is proposed for optimizing the traffic light phases of traffic flows at a T-shaped intersection depending on the traffic load on the network, which changes during the day. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by numerical experiment.
Optimization of the number of repair personnel of the enterprise using the theory of queuing
Authors: Gerasimova Marina , Firer Anna , Khramov Igor , Egarmina Alena
Published: January 2024

This article addresses the optimization of maintenance personnel at a wood processing facility. The organization of equipment maintenance in one of the workshops is described, along with an analysis of statistical data on equipment breakdowns and repair work execution. The proposal involves the utilization of a closed queuing system to model the process of repair execution. Based on research results, an application has been developed to calculate key system parameters and assess the efficiency of its operation. The optimality criterion considered is a metric that accounts for the reduction in the production output due to equipment downtime and the labor costs of maintenance teams. The results of calculations determine the optimal number of maintenance personnel for the enterprise's workshop. The proposed methodology can be applied to evaluate the effectiveness of production equipment repair operations.
Search method for optimal interpolation of thermomechanical coefficients for conventional and low alloy steels
Authors: Yashmetov Evgeniy G. , Kazakovtsev Lev A.
Published: January 2024

One of the most important factors influencing the behaviour of a metal when subjected to temperature and pressure is the material's ability to resist deformation. So-called thermomechanical coefficients are widely used for mathematical description of this property. These are the ones that determine the direct effect on deformation resistance. There are temperature coefficient (Kt) deformation degree coefficient (Kɛ) and deformation rate coefficient (Ku) describing the influence of temperature, degree of deformation and deformation rate respectively. The situation becomes complicated because the thermomechanical coefficients are not constants. For example, as the temperature increases, the deformation resistance decreases. Also, the deformation resistance increases with increasing degree of deformation and the deformation rate increases with the deformation resistance increases too. The aim of this paper is to find the most accurate method of interpolating thermomechanical coefficients for various steels and alloys using the least squares method.
A model for describing the administration and processing system of information generated when responding to incidents by fire departments
Authors: Gelek Sergey , Burmenko Tatiana , Martinovich Nikolay
Published: January 2024

Firefighting units are a specific object of management that performs its functions in response in conditions of limited time and intensive flow of information. In these conditions, the requirements to reliability and completeness of the received information increase. Excessive flow of information characteristic at extreme information creates conditions of information overload and negatively affects the adoption of management decisions. The choice of optimum quantity and type of information in the system of management of fire protection units in conditions of limited time is the key condition of successful actions first on rescue of people and mitigation of risks in the broad sense. In the article, the formalization of information flows arising in the process of reaction by fire protection units is carried out. In grapho-analytical form the emerging information flow in the response management system is presented as an interrelation and interdependence of elements forming the volume of information and carrying out the processing (use) of information for the purposes of effective response to incidents. The ontology of the emerging information flow in the response process is presented.
Solving problems of optimizing crop rotation using genetic and ant algorithms
Authors: Muxamediyeva Dilnoz , Niyozmatova Nilufar , Samijonov Boymirzo
Published: January 2024

Issues of optimizing crop rotations are becoming key to increasing production efficiency and ensuring sustainable development of agriculture. Crop rotation is the systematic rotation of different crops in the fields over several years, which helps maintain soil fertility, reduce the risk of diseases and pests, and optimize the use of resources. The goal of the study is to develop effective strategies for managing crop rotations in order to optimize the use of resources and increase productivity. The paper presents strategies for managing a crop rotation system aimed at optimal distribution of areas for different crops, rational use of resources and emergency management. A genetic and ant algorithm is proposed for solving problems. The model is calibrated and validated using available data, followed by scenario analysis to evaluate different options.
Lipschitz global optimization and machine learning: helping each other to solve complex problems
Authors: Usova Marina , Barkalov Konstantin
Published: January 2024

In this paper we consider global optimization problems and methods for solving them. The numerical solution of this class of problems is computationally challenging. The most complex problems are multicriteria problems in which the objective functions are multiextremal and non-differentiable, and, moreover, given in the form of a “black box”, i.e. calculating the objective function at a point is a time-consuming operation. Particularly, we consider an approach to acceleration of the global search using machine learning methods. At the same time, the problem of tuning the hyperparameters of the machine learning methods themselves is very important. The quality of machine learning methods is substantially affected by their hyperparameters, while the evaluation of the quality metrics is a time-consuming operation. We also consider an approach to hyperparameter tuning based on the Lipschitz global optimization. These approaches are implemented in the iOpt open-source framework of intelligent optimization methods.
The formation of ergonomic thinking when designing complex information systems in the conditions of socio-technogenic development of the world
Authors: Kuzmenko Alexander , Filippov Rodion , Filippova Lyudmila
Published: January 2024

The paper considers the problems of ergonomic thinking, its formation and evolution when designing information systems in the conditions of socio-technogenic development of the world. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the ergonomic thinking evolution in the design of human-technology-environment systems. The main purpose of this work is to study the process of formation and further development of ergonomic thinking since the very beginning of ergonomics as a science. The paper considers the main approaches to the definition of ergonomic thinking, on which basis definitions are proposed that take into account all the features and directions of the evolution of ergonomic thought. Special attention is paid to the development of the main directions and factors of ergonomics according to the periods of its formation.
Information and logical transformations in Schaeffer and Pierce Bases in Maple
Authors: Olenev Aleksandr , Potekhina Ekaterina , Khabarov Alexey , Zvereva Larisa
Published: January 2024

One of the tasks of synthesis and analysis of the functioning of combinational devices is the representation of a Boolean function in various bases. The absolute completeness of the use and implementation of various transformations of Boolean functions is impossible without the implementation of transformations into universal bases of Schaeffer (AND-NOT) or Webb (OR-NOT). The Logic library of the Maple computer algebra system allows you to use only the operations &nand (Schaeffer basis) and &nor (Webb basis) to build a model of a digital device. Therefore, there is a need to expand the functionality of the Logic library of the Maple computer algebra system by representing Boolean functions in Schaeffer and/or Pierce (Webb) bases. In this regard, the authors of the article have developed procedures that allow the representation of disjunctive or conjunctive normal forms in the Schaeffer basis or in the Webb basis. The development was carried out taking into account the existing data processing functions and procedures. The article describes the technology of extending the Logic library of the Maple computer algebra system by developed procedures that implement the transformation of a given or received Boolean function in Schaeffer or Webb bases.
Information entropy of the generalized beta distribution
Authors: Polosin Vitaly G.
Published: January 2024

The output distribution of statistical variables characterizes the level of uncertainty of a complex system, the state of which is given by probabilistic changes in internal relationships. Information entropy is an effective tool for analysing the distribution of data in complex systems. Subfamilies of generalized beta distributions of the first and second types includes many simple distributions as special cases. These subfamilies are often used to model the output state of the system by distributions of random variables. There are conditions in the paper, that are imposed on the parameters of the generalized beta distribution to obtain relationships with simpler types. The paper contains an expression for calculating the information entropy, the generalized beta distribution, which includes distributions of the first and second kind as special cases. Expressions of information entropies for the most famous subfamilies of generalized beta distribution also are given.
Methods for detecting and counting nodes in images of crack networks
Authors: Rybakov Alexey
Published: January 2024

The article discusses a technique for segmenting a network of cracks in micrographs and identifying the main elements such as a node, the junction of several cracks, and an edge, the body of the crack itself, to build a model of the network as an undirected graph. Crack segmentation was carried out using two methods: using threshold binarization and applying masks that separate nodes from edges based on morphological characteristics, and a combined method using a convolutional neural network to detect nodes. Such methods make it possible to detect nodes and edges automatically, facilitating the construction of a model and opening up new possibilities in theoretical calculations of the resistance of a network of conductors in transparent conductive coatings.
Information and methodological support for intermediate checks of equipment and assessment of metrological characteristics
Authors: Masharipov Shodlik , Mustafayev Oybek , Oymirov Sunnat
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this article is to study the intermediate checks of equipment and to make sure that there are no faults and non-conformities that can lead to damage to equipment or harm to the user's health after power supply, contamination and damage to the objects of control. Measurements used in practice are distinguished by a variety of characteristics: by the nature of the dependence of the measured value on time, by the method of obtaining a numerical value, by the conditions that determine the accuracy of the measurement result, by the measuring instruments used and methods of processing measurement results and, accordingly labor intensity, and the error of the measurement result. Types and methods of measurements are the objects of consideration of theoretical and applied metrology and are selected in accordance with the specific measurement task.
Automatic design of mutation parameter adaptation for differential evolution
Authors: Vladimir Stanovov , Semenkin Eugene
Published: January 2024

In this paper the Efficient Global Optimization algorithm is applied to design the adaptation strategy for mutation parameter in Differential Evolution. The adaptation strategy is represented as a Taylor series, to allow exploring a search space of different curves. The tuning of the adaptation is performed on the L-NTADE algorithm using the benchmark of Congress on Evolutionary Computation competition on single-objective numerical optimization 2017. The experimental results show that the discovered dependence between the success rate and the parameter in current-to-pbest mutation strategy allows improving the algorithm performance in various cases.
Generation of a text description of weakly structured optical coherence tomography images
Authors: Zhigalov Arthur , Lositsky Alexander , Grishina Lyubov , Bolodurina Irina
Published: January 2024

Computer vision methods help to automate and improve processes in the field of medicine. In the field of ophthalmology, computer vision algorithms can be used to analyze images obtained using optical coherence tomography OCT, to identify pathologies and changes in the structure of the eye, however, due to the heterogeneity of patterns and configurations of tomographs, a comprehensive solution is needed. Within the framework of this work, an approach to the construction of a system for generating a text description of DICOM images using artificial intelligence methods is presented. To build a system of automatic description of anatomical properties and pathologies, a set of models for detection and classification was built on the OCT image. Data augmentation was performed for the task of recognizing areas with retinal slices in the OCT image. The computational experiment of constructing classification models showed recognition accuracy from 0.75 to 0.93 according to the balanced accuracy metric. Based on the developed models, a web service has been developed to demonstrate the functionality, which provides a report on finding 11 tags on an OCT scan.
Scientific basis and practical application of formalization by making decisions taking into account the uncertainty of the results of gas analyzers in the process of comparison
Authors: Mahmudjonov Mirolim , Masharipov Shodlik , Matyakubova Parakhat
Published: January 2024

Abstract. In the work done, the current state of comparison of gas analyzers was studied, and the issue of formalizing the results by making decisions based on the international recommendations of ILAC-G8:09/2019 was studied. The problems arising in the processing of the results of the comparison of gas analyzers are studied, and recommendations are given to consider the risks affecting them. Differences, shortcomings, and advances between benchmarking and calibration are discussed. No need for repeated comparison of calibrated dies, recognition of calibration result during comparison was studied. The difference between measurement uncertainty and error was studied. Making decisions on the basis of international recommendations ILAC-G8:09/2019 in the application of measurement results in the process of comparison of measurement uncertainty. Recommendations are made for establishing a line of defense in decision-making. At the National Institute of Metrology of Uzbekistan, the experimental results were processed and decisions were made based on the international recommendations of ILAC-G8:09/2019. The importance of selection of calibration points in comparison was studied and recommendations were made.
Training of highly qualified specialists in the field of software development: problems and solutions in higher educational institutions of Ecuador
Authors: Esthefania Valeria , Cabascango Quiroz , Molina Calvopiña Diana Esmeralda
Published: January 2024

The article presented analyses the difficulties faced by a teacher in the Software Development program and the tools they can use to improve the effectiveness of the teaching process. The author separates algorithmic thinking from software development technology. It is noted that the problem of teaching how to develop software is associated with the understanding of the subject area. The second part of the article examines the teacher's options when choosing ways to improve the quality of education in the Software Development career. The question of choosing a programming language is analyzed. And, programming environments that have little influence on the learning process and outcome are considered. The authors focus on the interaction between “teacher and student” and the importance of a technique in teaching such as automating the verification of tasks completed by students.
Investigation of the impact effectiveness of adversarial data leakage attacks on the machine learning models
Authors: Parfenov Denis , Grishina Lubov , Zhigalov Artur , Parfenov Anton
Published: January 2024

Machine learning solutions have been successfully applied in many aspects, so it is now important to ensure the security of the machine learning models themselves and develop appropriate solutions and approaches. In this study, we focused on adversarial attacks. The vector of this type of attack is aimed at distorting the results of machine models. In this study, we selected the IoTID20 and CIC-IoT-2023 datasets used to detect anomalous activity in IoT networks. For this data, this work examines the effectiveness of the influence of adversarial attacks based on data leakage on ML models deployed in cloud services. The results of the study highlight the importance of continually updating and developing methods for detecting and preventing cyberattacks in the field of machine learning, and application examples within the experiments demonstrate the impact of adversarial attacks on services in IoT networks.
The Role of Density in Achieving Volume and Weight Symmetry in Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Mayr-Riedler Michael S. , Topka Charlotte , Schneider Simon , Heidekrueger Paul I. , Machens Hans-Günther , Broer P. Niclas
Published: January 2024

Background Knowledge of tissue and implant density is crucial in obtaining both volume and weight symmetry in unilateral breast reconstruction. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine and compare the density of abdominal and breast tissue specimens as well as of 5th generation breast implants.

Methods Thirty-one breast tissue and 30 abdominal tissue specimens from 61 patients undergoing either mammaplasty or abdominoplasty as well as five different 5th generation breast implants were examined. Density (g/mL) was calculated by applying the water displacement method.

Results The mean specimen density was 0.94 ± 0.02 g/mL for breast tissue and 0.94 ± 0.02 g/mL for abdominal tissue, showing no significant difference (p = 0.230). Breast tissue density significantly (p = 0.04) decreased with age, while abdominal tissue did not. A regression equation to calculate the density of breast tissue corrected for age (breast density [g/mL] = 0.975–0.0007 * age) is provided. Breast tissue density was not related to body mass index, past pregnancy, or a history of breastfeeding. The breast implants had a density ranging from 0.76 to 1.03 g/mL which differed significantly from breast tissue density (–0.19 g/mL [–19.8%] to +0.09 g/mL [+9.58%]; p ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion Our results support the suitability of abdominal-based perforator flaps in achieving both volume and weight symmetry in unilateral autologous breast reconstruction. Abdominal flap volume can be derived one-to-one from mastectomy weight. Further, given significant brand-dependent density differences, the potential to impose weight disbalances when performing unilateral implant-based reconstructions of large breasts should be considered.
Tailored Model of Care for Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
Authors: El-Kassas Mohamed , Awad Abeer , Elbadry Mohamed , Arab Juan Pablo
Published: January 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is increasing globally, creating a growing public health concern. However, this disease is often not diagnosed, and accurate data on its epidemiology are limited in many geographical regions, making it challenging to provide proper care and implement effective national plans. To combat the increasing disease burden, screening and diagnosis must reach a significant number of high-risk subjects. Addressing MASLD as a health care challenge requires a multidisciplinary approach involving prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and care, with collaboration between multiple stakeholders in the health care system. This approach must be guided by national and global strategies, to be combined with efficient models of care developed through a bottom-up process. This review article highlights the pillars of the MASLD model of care (MoC), including screening, risk stratification, and establishing a clinical care pathway for management, in addition to discussing the impact of nomenclature change on the proposed MoC.
Audiogram Estimation by Auditory Brainstem Response with NB CE-Chirp LS stimulus in Normal Hearing Infants
Authors: Ormundo Diego da Silva , Fávero Mariana Lopes , Lewis Doris Ruthy
Published: January 2024

Introduction NB CE-Chirp LS was developed to improve the audiogram estimation by auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds during audiological assessment of infants and difficult to test children. However, before we know how the stimulus behaves in several types of hearing loss, it is important we know how the stimulus behaves in normal hearing infants.

Objective To describe ABR thresholds with NB CE-Chirp LS stimulus for 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 Hz, as well as the amplitude and absolute latency for ABR thresholds.

Methods Auditory brainstem response thresholds were evaluated with the Eclipse EP25 system. NB CE-Chirp LS was presented using an ER-3A insert earphone. EEG filter was 30 Hz high-pass and 1,500 Hz low-pass. The ABR threshold was defined as the lowest intensity capable of clearly evoke wave V, accompanied by an absent response 5 dB below.

Results Eighteen normal hearing infants were evaluated. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of the ABR threshold (dB nHL) were: 23.8 (±4.2); 14.4 (±5.7); 6.0 (±5.0); and 7.0 (±5.9). The mean and SD of the absolute latency (ms) were: 8.86 (±1.12); 9.21 (±0.95); 9.44 (±0.78); and 9.64 (±0.52). The mean amplitude (nV) and SD were: 0.123 (±0.035); 0.127 (±0.039); 0.141 (±0.052); and 0.105 (±0.028), respectively, for 500, 1,000, 2,000 and 4,000 Hz.

Conclusion Auditory brainstem response threshold with NB CE-Chirp LS reaches low levels, in special for high frequencies. It provides absolute latencies similar between frequencies with robust amplitude. The results obtained brings to the examiner more confidence in the results registered.
Covid-19-Associated Mucormycosis: Histopathology of the Deadly Fungal Infection
Authors: Anand Nidhi , Srivastava Pallavi , Agrawal Ashish Chandra , Gupta Nikhil , Das Anupam , Husain Nuzhat
Published: January 2024

Introduction Many patients suffered from rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in India. Diabetes is a known risk factor of COVID-19 infection and mucormycosis.

Objective The present study was done to describe the clinical spectrum and histopathological findings of mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients and their outcomes.

Methods A cross-sectional study was done over a period of two and half months. The biopsy samples or scrapings from sinonasal or periorbital tissue of 38 patients were analyzed. Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E stain) slides were evaluated along with Grocott-Gomori methenamine–silver and Periodic acid–Schiff stains to highlight the fungal elements.

Results The male to female ratio was 2.5:1, and the mean age of the subjects was 53 years old. A total of 68.4% (n = 26/38) of the patients had diabetes as a comorbidity, 84.2% (n = 32/38) had a history of steroid intake, and 55.3% (n = 21/38) were given supplemental oxygen during their treatment. The common presentations were nasal blockage, discharge, eye pain, headache, and altered mentation. The sites of biopsy were: nasal cavity 76.3% (n = 29/38), periorbital fat/orbit 21.1% (n = 8/38), maxillary sinus 15.8% (n = 6/38) and ethmoid sinus 13.2% (n = 5/38). In 76.3% (n = 29/38) cases, broad, irregular, nonseptate, and right-angle branching hyphae were seen on H&E-stained tissue sections.

Conclusion COVID-19 led to various complications in individuals affected by it. Mucormycosis was one such lethal complication. An early diagnosis and prompt treatment is crucial to control the progression of the disease and improve outcomes.
Pathological Diagnosis of Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Authors: Jensen Henrik E. , Becker Cecilie B.
Published: January 2024

Pulmonary aspergillosis constitutes an increasingly prevalent and potentially fatal complex of mycotic diseases, caused by different species of Aspergillus. The broad spectrum of pathological manifestations associated with pulmonary aspergillosis necessitates a differentiation of commensalism from saprophytic colonization, hypersensitivity reactions, and true invasive infections, which highlights the importance of histopathology as a gold standard in a diagnostic setting. For the past decades, changes in terminology and contradicting contributions from different diagnostic disciplines have made the classification of pulmonary aspergillosis rather confusing. This review offers a categorization of aspergillosis lesions based on what can be histopathologically identified and distinguished, differentiating between acute invasive infection and forms of subacute, chronic, and allergic diseases and coinfections, and summarizes important manifestations of lesions associated with the different forms of pulmonary aspergillosis.
High efficiency grating couplers for strain tunable GaAs quantum dot based entangled photon sources
Authors: Schmidt Constantin , Ma Chenxi , Benthin Frederik , Yang Jingzhong , Rugeramigabo Eddy P. , Zopf Michael , Ding Fei
Published: January 2024

The on-chip integration of single photon and entangled photon emitters such as epitaxially grown semiconductor quantum dots into photonic frameworks is a rapidly evolving research field. GaAs quantum dots offer high purity and a high degree of entanglement due to, in part, exhibiting very small fine structure splitting along with short radiative lifetimes. Integrating strain-tunable quantum dots into nanostructures enhances the quantum optical fingerprint, i.e., radiative lifetimes and coupling of these sources, and allows for on-chip manipulation and routing of the generated quantum states of light. Efficient out-coupling of photons for off-chip processing and detection requires carefully engineered mesoscopic structures. Here, we present numerical studies of highly efficient grating couplers reaching up to over 90% transmission. A 2D Gaussian mode overlap of 83.39% for enhanced out-coupling of light from within strain-tunable photonic nanostructures for free-space transmission and single-mode fiber coupling is shown. The photon wavelength under consideration is 780 nm, corresponding to the emission from GaAs quantum dots resembling the 87Rb D2 line. The presented numerical study helps implement such sources for applications in complex quantum optical networks.