bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biscoitos tipo cookie sem glúten formulados com farelo de feijão, farinha de arroz e amido de mandioca
Authors: Oliveira Daniele Iensen , Kolakowski Ana Paula , Simões Deise Rosana Silva , Los Paulo Ricardo , Demiate Ivo Mottin
Published: February 2018

Este trabalho teve como objetivo a elaboração de biscoitos tipo cookie sem glúten sabor chocolate com a utilização de farelo de feijão, farinha de arroz e amido de mandioca. O farelo de feijão, descarte da obtenção de amido, tem elevado valor nutricional com destaque para os teores de proteínas e fibras; a farinha de arroz, subproduto do beneficiamento do cereal, apresenta sabor neutro, da mesma maneira que o amido de mandioca. Consideram-se estas como matérias-primas potenciais para utilização em diversos alimentos, substituindo farinha de trigo na obtenção de produtos livres de glúten. Três formulações foram desenvolvidas contendo as seguintes proporções (em %, m m-1) de farelo de feijão, farinha de arroz e amido de mandioca, em relação à quantidade total de ingredientes amiláceos utilizados, respectivamente: formulação A (50:50:0); B (41,7:41,7:16,6); C (33,3:33,3:33,4). As formulações foram analisadas considerando-se características físico-químicas, sensoriais e em relação a textura instrumental. Os biscoitos revelaram, sob o aspecto nutricional, elevados teores de fibra alimentar total e de proteínas, bem como boa aceitação sensorial. Os biscoitos da formulação A se destacaram, pois continham os maiores teores de proteínas e de fibra alimentar total, além do melhor desempenho na análise sensorial. Desta forma, considerou-se viável a produção de biscoitos tipo cookie sem glúten sabor chocolate com a utilização de farelo de feijão e farinha de arroz, sendo opcional a adição de amido de mandioca para melhorar a textura.
Macroéconomie et information imparfaite
Authors: Hubert Paul , Ricco Giovanni
Published: February 2018

Cet article présente les contributions théoriques et empiriques récentes à la littérature macroéconomique qui remettent en question l’hypothèse d’information parfaite. En prenant en compte les frictions informationnelles rencontrées par les agents économiques, il est possible d’expliquer certaines des régularités empiriques qui ne peuvent pas être expliquées par le cadre standard des anticipations rationnelles avec information parfaite. À titre d’exemple, nous montrons que l’estimation du signe, de l’ampleur et de la persistance des effets des politiques monétaires et budgétaires peuvent varier lorsque l’on prend en compte les frictions informationnelles auxquelles sont confrontés les acteurs économiques.
Quelles sont les difficultés essentielles de la zone euro ?
Authors: Artus Patrick
Published: February 2018

Nous nous intéressons aux difficultés structurelles majeures de la zone euro et aux moyens de les corriger. Il s’agit de l’hétérogénéité croissante des économies des pays, due en particulier à la divergence des spécialisations productives, et de l’absence de correction de cette hétérogénéité par le fédéralisme ; de l’arrêt de la mobilité des capitaux entre les pays de l’OCDE ; de l’absence de coordination des politiques économiques qui génèrent des externalités entre les pays de la zone euro ; du caractère asymétrique des mécanismes d’ajustement (des politiques budgétaires, des compétitivités-coûts) qui ne sont mises en place que par les pays en difficulté ; de la gestion difficile de la politique budgétaire et de l’endettement public. Nous pensons que les difficultés de la zone euro peuvent être rangées dans trois catégories : l’absence de mécanisme qui permet de lutter contre les hétérogénéités ; l’absence de coordination des politiques économiques et la divergence dans les fonctionnements des marchés du travail ; les erreurs des politiques économiques dans leur conception et dans leur mise en œuvre.
Comment l’employeur peut-il soutenir la formation continue et le développement professionnel infirmier ? Résultats d’une étude qualitative canadienne auprès d’infirmières de soutien à domicile
Authors: Ouellet Jérôme , Mukamurera Joséphine
Published: February 2018

Introduction : cet article s’intéresse au soutien de l’employeur en matière de formation continue (fc) des infirmières en soutien à domicile (sad). Contexte : les écrits font état d’un manque de financement de la part de l’employeur en matière de fc destinée aux infirmières. Toutefois, très peu d’études se sont intéressées à ce phénomène en sad. Objectif : l’étude visait à identifier les facteurs influençant l’engagement, la participation et le choix d’activités de fc d’infirmières de sad. Méthode : huit infirmières provenant d’un milieu de sad de l’Estrie (Québec, Canada) ont participé à des entrevues individuelles semi-dirigées. Les données ont fait l’objet d’une analyse thématique, d’une validation intra et inter-juge, puis d’un retour aux acteurs. Résultats : le soutien de l’employeur est un facteur important se déclinant en cinq aspects : financier, formatif, affectif, instrumental et normatif. Malgré le manque de financement et un accès limité à des activités, les infirmières de sad ont tout de même une perception plutôt positive du soutien de leur employeur en matière de fc. Discussion : néanmoins, l’employeur devrait accorder plus d’importance aux besoins exprimés par les infirmières de sad en les impliquant davantage dans les décisions qui les concernent en matière de fc.
Impact de l’assistance à la procréation sur la construction du lien parents-enfant
Authors: Bydlowski Sarah
Published: February 2018

Les avancées scientifiques dans le domaine de la procréation projettent vers des perspectives vertigineuses, expliquant les vifs débats scientifiques et sociétaux sur ces sujets. L’étude de l’impact de l’assistance à la procréation au sein d’une famille permet une réflexion féconde sur plusieurs plans (social, juridique, culturel, psychique), en raison des fortes sollicitations fantasmatiques que provoquent chez chacun les questions de filiation. Nous dégageons dans cet article certaines problématiques qui se posent aux parents et futurs parents aux prises avec ces enjeux, comme dans leur lien avec leur enfant, ouvrant de nombreuses interrogations sur la construction psychique de ce dernier.
Economic costs ofFusarium Head Blight, scab and deoxynivalenol
Authors: Wilson W. , Dahl B. , Nganje W.
Published: February 2018

Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) has led to major economic costs for wheat and barley producers. Grain products and feed grain contaminated with deoxynivalenol (DON) (commonly known as vomitoxin) are subject to Food and Drug Administration advisory limits and as a result end-users place restrictions on their use. This has led to steep price discounts, as well as higher risks for producers and grain merchandisers. Varietal research has led to development of varieties that are resistant or moderately resistant to FHB. Studies indicate combinations of genetic resistance, fungicides and some management practices (combine settings, tillage practices, etc.) can be used to decrease economic costs due to FHB. The purpose of this study was to estimate the economic costs of scab. To do so we developed several economic models, analysed extensive data and conducted surveys of wheat flour millers, barley maltsters, and grain handlers. A detailed assessment of costs indicates the most important costs accrued by the wheat and barley industries were the risk premium paid to induce adoption of DON reducing technologies and the value of yield forgone. These were followed by the direct costs of fungicide, added shipping costs, testing and segregation and discounts.
Cyclopiazonic acid: 50th anniversary of its discovery
Authors: Ostry V. , Toman J. , Grosse Y. , Malir F.
Published: February 2018

In 1968, the mycotoxin cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) was first discovered and characterised as a chemical substance. Within the following five decades, much has been learned from the results of CPA research. CPA is produced by several Penicillium species (P. griseofulvum, P. camemberti, P. commune, P. dipodomyicola) and Aspergillus species (A. flavus, A. oryzae and A. tamarii). It is widespread on naturally contaminated agricultural raw materials. CPA has been reported to occur in food commodities (e.g. oilseeds, nuts, cereals, dried figs, milk, cheese and meat products) and to possess toxicological significance. CPA is also frequently detected in peanuts and maize; the presence of CPA and aflatoxins in maize and peanuts contaminated with A. flavus suggests that synergism may occur. CPA is toxic to several animal species, such as rats, pigs, guinea pigs, poultry and dogs. After ingesting CPA-contaminated feeds, test animals display severe gastrointestinal upsets and neurological disorders. Organs affected include the liver, kidney, heart, and digestive tract, which show degenerative changes and necrosis. Biologically, CPA is a specific inhibitor of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase. Data from toxicological evaluation of aflatoxins and CPA in broiler chickens demonstrate that both aflatoxins and CPA alone and the aflatoxin-CPA combination can adversely affect broiler health. The effects of aflatoxins and CPA combination were additive in most cases.
Expression characterization and functional implication of the collagen-modifying Leprecan proteins in mouse gonadal tissue and mature sperm
Authors: Zimmerman Sarah M. , Besio Roberta , Heard-Lipsmeyer Melissa E. , Dimori Milena , Castagnola Patrizio , Swain Frances L. , Gaddy Dana , Diekman Alan B. , Morello Roy
Published: February 2018

The Leprecan protein family which includes the prolyl 3-hydroxylase enzymes (P3H1, P3H2, and P3H3), the closely related cartilage-associated protein (CRTAP), and SC65 (Synaptonemal complex 65, aka P3H4, LEPREL4), is involved in the post-translational modification of fibrillar collagens. Mutations in CRTAP, P3H1 and P3H2 cause human genetic diseases. We recently showed that SC65 forms a stable complex in the endoplasmic reticulum with P3H3 and lysyl hydroxylase 1 and that loss of this complex leads to defective collagen lysyl hydroxylation and causes low bone mass and skin fragility. Interestingly, SC65 was initially described as a synaptonemal complex-associated protein, suggesting a potential additional role in germline cells. In the present study, we describe the expression of SC65, CRTAP and other Leprecan proteins in postnatal mouse reproductive organs. We detect SC65 expression in peritubular cells of testis up to 4 weeks of age but not in cells within seminiferous tubules, while its expression is maintained in ovarian follicles until adulthood. Similar to bone and skin, SC65 and P3H3 are also tightly co-expressed in testis and ovary. Moreover, we show that CRTAP, a protein normally involved in collagen prolyl 3-hydroxylation, is highly expressed in follicles and stroma of the ovary and in testes interstitial cells at 4 weeks of age, germline cells and mature sperm. Importantly, CrtapKO mice have a mild but significant increase in morphologically abnormal mature sperm (17% increase compared to WT). These data suggest a role for the Leprecans in the post-translational modification of collagens expressed in the stroma of the reproductive organs. While we could not confirm that SC65 is part of the synaptonemal complex, the expression of CRTAP in the seminiferous tubules and in mature sperm suggest a role in the testis germ cell lineage and sperm morphogenesis.
THE EFFECT OF MOTION CONTROL SHOES ON REDUCING THE FORCE AND PRESSURE IN INDIVIDUALS WITH PRONATED FEET DURING WALKING
Authors: Lin Cheng-Chieh , Huang Ming-Tung , Lin Cheng-Feng
Published: February 2018

Excessive foot pronation may alter the biomechanics of lower limbs during locomotion and is associated with a number of lower limb injuries. The motion control shoes have been found to be effective in reducing the foot pronation and peak pressure during running. However, differences in biomechanics exist between running and walking. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether the force and pressure may be reduced while walking with motion control shoes. Thirty-five participants with unilateral pronated foot were recruited, and the motion control shoes with the possibility of adjusting its midsole hardness were prescribed. The participants walked with three shoes conditions: own shoes, motion control shoes with and without adjustments while the force and pressure were recorded via the in-shoe dynamic pressure measuring system. Better stability and decreased pain sensation were reported while walking with the motion control shoes compared with participants’ own shoes. Similarly, the decrease of both peak force and pressure was also observed while walking with motion control shoes. However, the adjustment of the midsole hardness did not provide additional effect in either force or peak pressure. Consistent to the previous findings in running, our findings suggest that the motion control shoes are effective in reducing force and pressure during walking. Future studies are needed to investigate the short- and long-term effect of the motion control shoes during walking.
The Influence of CSR on B2B Relationships
Authors: Saurage-Altenloh Susan , Randall Phillip M.
Published: February 2018

The chapter addresses how ethical actions deliver value through sustainable competitive advantage. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has a proven role in developing audience trust that increases brand equity among target audiences and stakeholders, thus ensuring that the brand sustains its competitive advantage through improved profitability and reputation in the market. Not only do businesses have a social responsibility to the markets from which they earn revenues, but buyers expect ethical businesses to have an established CSR program in place. Businesses that engage in CSR activities within the process of corporate brand management experience stronger reputation that drives loyalty and sales, resulting in a competitive, sustainable market advantage.
Assessing the Correlation of Culture With Business Ethics of Company Managers in the United States and Mexico
Authors: Anderson Mark A.
Published: February 2018

Observable harm has been inflicted upon business by unethical decisions and misconduct. Much of this phenomenon can be traced to impoverished ethical attitudes. Among the various reasons for this problem is that of a manager's culture, which has a distinct influence on attitudes and behaviors. The purpose of this chapter was to determine, through empirical data, whether differences rooted in culture significantly contribute to differences in ethical attitudes. Management scholar Geert Hofstede's classification of cultural elements for understanding and explaining aspects of national culture was correlated with the ethical attitudes of business managers in the two national cultures of the United States and Mexico. Results indicated a significant positive relationship between national culture and ethical attitudes and the dultural dimensions of uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, and long-term orientation. A significant difference in ethical attitudes between managers from the United States and Mexico was also found.
Interactions Between Personality Traits of Law Enforcement and Corrections Officers, and Attitudes Toward Felony Drug Offenders
Authors: Celosse Karin
Published: February 2018

Punitive attitudes in criminal justice staff towards felony drug offenders, as related to level of social dominance orientation, right wing authoritarianism, protestant work ethic orientation, and openness to change were examined. These traits were hypothesized to be factors contributing to continued acceptance of a paradigm emphasizing use penalties and punishment to address substance abuse. The study utilized 28 law enforcement officers, 14 corrections officers, and 58 non-criminal justice individuals. Data was collected using Altemeyer abbreviated RWA scale, SDO-6 scale, Miles and Garrett protestant work ethic scale, attitudes to organizational change, officer's attitude survey, and researcher designed survey. Results indicated both moderating and mediating effects between variables, except in the case of openness to change. To reduce unwanted behaviors, focus needs to be on assisting criminal justice staff with challenges in a more psychologically healthy manner.
Calabria 1783
Authors: Caridi Giuseppe
Published: February 2018

This chapter considers the reconstruction operations that were carried out in Calabria following the earthquake of the late-eighteenth century. The author connects the physical and ideological role played by the orthogonal grid within the scope of this urban process to Foucault's concept of the device. Such a working hypothesis makes it possible to highlight the dual-domain in which lies political power, on one hand, and technical knowledge, on the other. This is a duplicity that is not resolved in the supremacy of either one domain or the other but, rather, in their huddle in a dialectical node: the political power that avails itself of the technical knowledge to reinforce itself and the technical knowledge that takes advantage of the political power to legitimise itself.
Cities With Grid Layout
Authors: Martinelli Nicola , Mangialardi Giovanna
Published: February 2018

Might it be meaningful to think that an urban model such as the orthogonal grid layout, which has been a feature of cities for millennia, could still constitute a valid and practicable model today in the planning of contemporary cities? The authors believe that this reflection on the grid model might respond positively to earlier propositions, and these notes aim to supply a synthetic contribution to the book in that direction. In detail, in the first part of the chapter, an attempt is made to overcome a critical judgement as widespread as it is superficial that is traditionally applied to grid plan cities. The reflection is as follows: relationships between the physical form of the urban grid model and its evolutionary processes, its capacity of adhering to places and flexibility, its experimentations for a theory of special equality. In the second part of the chapter, setting out from the performance features of the model, the real conditions of the topicality of the grid plan are observed in contemporary experimentations of city planning.
Portal for Employees in the Public Sector
Authors: Cruz Ana Campos
Published: February 2018

The need to reduce public spending has led Portugal to make administrative reforms. To that end, it called on the so-called e-government, using ICT as a mechanism to increase the quality and transparency of public services while lowering costs and operationalizing new public policies. Although administrative decentralisation is enshrined in the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic, only recently has it been prioritised as one of the great objectives of the administrative reforms of the state. To this end, the transfer of the necessary financial and human resources are foreseen. This will imply the implementation of human resources management strategies and mechanisms that avoid surplus or shortage of human resources, both in Central and Local Administration. Therefore, in this chapter, the creation of the “Portal for Employees in the Public Sector” is proposed as a shared management tool.
Information and Communication Technology Spine for Knowledge-Based Development of Cities
Authors: Reffat Rabee M.
Published: February 2018

The chapter presents the approach of effective utilization of information and communication technology as a competitive advantage for knowledge-based development of cities. Knowledge investment, creation, and diffusion are the essential nodes of the information and communication technology spine for developing knowledge-based cites. The features of knowledge-based city compared to the modern and developed city are introduced. This chapter identifies the primary conditions that promote knowledge-based development of cities. The associative relationships between knowledge-base and economical development of cities are addressed.
Egypt's Knowledge-Based Development
Authors: Abdrabo Amal Adel
Published: February 2018

This chapter discusses both the dominant theoretical paradigms that appear within Egypt's ICT policies since the early nineteenth century along with the practical steps of implementation of those policies in reality that may/may not depict such theoretical paradigms. Following a qualitative approach (using SWOT analysis, FGDs, and in-depth interviews), this chapter compares between the mission, vision, and goals of different ICT policies and their application in reality within four cases of the Egyptian KPs, which are the City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications in Burg Al-Arab, Bibliotheca Alexandrina “BA”, Smart Village in Giza “SV”, and finally Information Technology Institute “ITI”. The main question is: What are the opportunities and challenges that Egypt faces in its endeavor to transform each of the national economy into a knowledge-based economy, the Egyptian citizens into knowledge citizens, the cities into knowledge cities, and the whole Egyptian society into a knowledge society?
A Hybrid Architecture for Adaptive, Intelligent, and Ubiquitous Educational Systems
Authors: Araújo Rafael D. , Ferreira Hiran N. M. , Cattelan Renan G. , Dorça Fabiano A.
Published: February 2018

Ubiquitous learning environments (ULEs) allow real and virtual study materials to be combined to enrich learning experiences. Classrooms equipped with electronic devices produce artifacts that can reconstruct the captured experiences for later use and review. Those environments have the potential to turn themselves into a factory of learning objects (LOs), which may become useless if appropriate means for reaching them are not provided to students. On the other hand, adaptive educational hypermedia (AEH) have appeared as a way of personalizing educational content in web environments and modern intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) provide personalized resources for automating pedagogical tasks. In this way, this chapter explores the concept of ULEs together with AEH and ITS for generating and providing personalized LOs to students. The proposed approach is grounded in artificial intelligence, pedagogical concepts, and computational systems technologies such as ontologies, Bayesian networks, learning styles, and ULEs for creating better individual learning experiences.
Complex Structures in the Child-Directed Speech of Native and Nonnative Speakers
Authors: Altan Aslı , Hoff Erika
Published: February 2018

Children in bilingual communities are frequently exposed to speech from nonnative speakers, but little research has described how that input might differ from the input of native speakers. There is evidence that input from nonnative speakers might be less useful to language learning children, but little research has asked why. This chapter analyzes the frequency of complex structures in the child-directed speech of 30 native English speakers and 36 nonnative speakers who were late learners of English, all speaking English to their two-and-a-half-year-old children. All instances of nine categories of complex structures were coded in transcripts of mother-child interaction. The frequency of all but one category was greater in the speech of native speakers. These findings suggest that input provided by native speakers provides more frequent models of complex structures than nonnative input.
Bilingual Mental Lexicon and Collocational Processing
Authors: Cangır Hakan
Published: February 2018

The chapter starts with a definition and models of mental dictionary. It then builds on the bilingual lexical activation models and goes on to discuss formulaic language (collocations in particular). After explaining the basics of formulaic language processing, the author attempts to address the issue of lexical and collocational priming theory by Hoey, which has its roots in cognitive linguistics and usage-based language models. Last but not least, some suggestions for future research are provided in an attempt to address the needs of the lexical research literature in the Turkish setting.
Phonetic Fossilization
Authors: Rahal Aicha
Published: February 2018

Fossilization is a common linguistic phenomenon among learners. It presents an obstacle that hinders the process of learning and prevents learners from acquiring the target language. The present chapter explores this phenomenon. It gives an overview of the theory of interlanguage and the concept of fossilization. The chapter presents the history of pronunciation teaching. It also reviews a previous study on pronunciation problems and fossilized errors that face learners of English as a second or a foreign language. The present chapter also raises an important question. It attempts to show the matter behind this linguistic phenomenon. There seems to be different views. Some researchers claim that phonetic fossilization is a matter of intelligibility. Other researchers state that achieving perfection in pronunciation is preferable. Another trend of researchers assumes that fossilization cannot be applied to the multilingual context.
Existing Buildings
Authors: Kozminska Urszula , Rynska Elzbieta D.
Published: February 2018

This chapter is dedicated to the modernisation process of existing buildings aiming to achieve the nearly zero-energy standard. The process is described from the designer's perspective. Related issues, requirements, constraints, design options, and local determinants are analysed, and optimal architectural solutions for selected case studies are also presented. The analysis is based on the KodnZeb project, which included the modernisation of two existing buildings, located in Warsaw (the Faculty of Building Services, Hydro- and Environmental Engineering and Student Housing Muszelka), which differ in architectural features function, location, and needs. Thus, two diverse approaches to the modernisation process are examined. The chapter concludes with general guidelines and recommendations for similar architectural projects.
The Impact of Forms of Buildings on the Air Exchange in Their Environment
Authors: Zielonko-Jung Katarzyna , Poćwierz Marta
Published: February 2018

Possibilities for energy-efficient, natural ventilation of buildings in an urban environment depend on the airflow around them. This chapter deals with the issue of dependence of air exchange in urban spaces on the building forms used in them and on relative position of these buildings. The authors focus on the problem of air stagnation in dense urban development. This phenomenon increases the energy demand of buildings. The purpose of the following study is to present this problem and identify it in the selected example of existing settlements in Warsaw. The existing situation was compared with the revised spatial layout. The conclusions relate to spatial features of those building arrangements that are exposed to the problem of insufficient ventilation.
The Baul Tradition in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Amzad , Montu Sayedul Islam , Azad Md Abul
Published: February 2018

Humans' foremost desire is to achieve longevity through a healthy body and mind. The Baul philosophers of Bangladesh fulfil this sustainability desire through meatless diets and esoteric physio-spiritual practices. Their mission in life is to pursue voluntary community activism and social sustainability marketing by promoting the sermon of simplicity and that eating meat destroys longevity, personal and environmental health. This chapter analyses the role the Bauls play in guiding the Bangladesh population and counteracting western influences. It uses quotes from the oral wisdom of the Baul songs and orations included by UNESCO as part of the global intangible heritage of humanity.
Towards Plant-Based Diet in Nigeria
Authors: Ajadi Emmanuel
Published: February 2018

Considering the consequences of meat production and consumption in the West and globally, countries such as Nigeria with relatively low meat consumption per capita have the benefit of hindsight. However, if not checked, the current social structures and mechanisms, might progressively accelerate the consumption of meat and demand for animal-based food. Policy makers and government parastatals need to strike a sustainable balance between environmental health and promoting animal-based products for nutrition and economic reasons. Against the influence of social status, prestige and westernisation, people need to be responsible for their dietary choices supported by education and awareness. This chapter presents an overview of animal production and consumption in Nigeria to uncover unapparent factors and social drivers encouraging the livestock sector. Disproving the general assumption and misbeliefs that promoting plant-based diets might negatively affect developing countries, the localised implications on nutrition, health, environment and the Nigerian economy are weighed and clarified.
Marketing an Environmentally Sustainable Catering Model
Authors: Foenander Emily , Green Celia , Portsmouth Linda , Raphaely Talia
Published: February 2018

This chapter presents a novel case study of a diet sustainability model implemented at Medley Hall, an on-campus student accommodation facility at a university in Victoria, Australia. Diet sustainability refers to measures to minimise adverse environmental impacts attributable to food production. A qualitative evaluation of this initiative was conducted during 2016 including interviews with both residents and staff. The results depict a grass-roots initiative that evolved to become a deeply embedded component of organisational identity. Social marketing strategies were employed at multiple governance levels, including: (i) residents, (ii) staff and (iii) college. The evaluation data from this study provides indication of the key drivers of success in motivating consumers (residents) to engage with and embrace diet sustainability interventions and demonstrates the utility of community-based social marketing (CBSM) in informing such initiatives.
Re-Thinking Meat
Authors: Anhang Jeff
Published: February 2018

This chapter describes how among vegetarian, vegan and animal advocates, it has been a common practice for many decades to cede the terms “meat” to livestock producers, and to ask people to sacrifice meat. Yet during those decades, global consumption of livestock products has exploded. People have often overlooked the fact that “meat” has been defined for centuries as an essential food that includes vegan versions, and plant-based meat has always been framed as equivalent or superior to animal-based meat. In fact, replacing animal-based foods with better alternatives is said to be the only pragmatic way to stop climate change quickly as needed. However, it is unlikely to happen through efforts to reduce meat consumption. It is much more likely to happen through efforts to disrupt meat production and consumption by making and marketing meat and other foods directly from plants.
Magnetic Dipole Modeling for DC and Low Frequency AC Magnetic Fields in Space Missions
Authors: Spantideas Sotirios , Kapsalis Nikolaos
Published: February 2018

In this chapter, modeling methods of static and slowly varying magnetic field emissions that are generated by spacecraft equipment are analyzed and discussed. In particular, specific issues on the established methods for multiple magnetic dipole modeling (MDM) are investigated and validated via near field measurements of well-behaved magnetic sources. Moreover, a software-based calibration technique for measuring facilities, dedicated to magnetic characterization of spacecraft units, is described and implemented on a configuration consisting of 12 sensors. Due to increasingly strict magnetic cleanliness demands, the modeling of units' induced DC magnetic behavior has become a necessary requirement for various space missions. Therefore, a baseline methodology regarding the measurements and modeling of induced magnetic fields is presented. Finally, DC methods are complemented to cover AC magnetic cleanliness requirements for on-ground verification of low-frequency magnetic fields, including AC induced magnetization effects.
Expansion of Uses and Applications of Virtual Reality
Authors: Gobira Pablo , Mozelli Antônio
Published: February 2018

The chapter shows the evolution of virtual reality interfaces and technologies to the current moment and verifies what led them to an alleged decline in early 1990. Due to the development of the industry of digital games, new forms of interaction have being researched and presented to the public. It will also be shown the application of virtual reality in different contexts of digital games, in addition to reporting a brief experience of the research group in art, science and technology, Lab|Front (Laboratório de Poéticas Fronteiriças - CNPq/UEMG).
Lookable User Interfaces and 3D
Authors: Radley Alan
Published: February 2018

A new philosophy of user interface design is described. Named the “Lookable User Interface,” or LUI, the approach is based on the concept of a Personal Reality (PR) system. Here the computer adapts to the user's worldview in a personalized way, and according to the specific requirements, behaviors, and perceptive skills of the individual. Typically, a PR system creates and adjusts (in real-time) 3D perspective view(s) of a data-set, including (potentially) the field of view of a scene and the apparent distance and scale of objects, whilst also creating an aesthetic “eye-friendly” context for computing operations. A Lookable User Interface (LUI) affords the maximum degree of visual accessibility to digital content. The authors examine the results of testing a Lookable User Interface. Spectasia is one example of a Personal Virtual Reality (PVR) that can be used to visualize links between universals and particulars within digital worlds.
Approaches and Applications of Virtual Reality and Gesture Recognition
Authors: R. Sudha M. , K. Sriraghav , S. Sudar Abisheck , Jacob Shomona Gracia , S. Manisha
Published: February 2018

Interaction with a computer has been the center of innovation ever since the advent of input devices. From simple punch cards to keyboards, there are number of novel ways of interaction with computers which influence the user experience. Communicating using gestures is perhaps one of the most natural ways of interaction. Gesture recognition as a tool for interpreting signs constitutes a pivotal area in gesture recognition research where accuracy of the algorithm and the ease of usability determine the effectiveness of the algorithm or system. Introducing gesture based interaction in Virtual reality applications has not only helped solve problems which were commonly reported in traditional Virtual Reality systems, but also gives user a more natural and enriching experience. This paper concentrates on comparison of different systems and identifying their similarities, differences, advantages and demerits which can play a key role in designing a system using such technologies.
Study on an Interactive Truck Crane Simulation Platform Based on Virtual Reality Technology
Authors: Sang Yong , Zhu Yu , Zhao Honghua , Tang Mingyan
Published: February 2018

The modern web-based distance education overcomes space-time restriction of the traditional teaching forms. However, being short of specifically observable and operable experimental equipment makes the web-based education lack advantages in the knowledge learning progress, which needs strong stereoscopic effect and operability. Truck crane is the most widely used crane installed on ordinary or tailor-made chassis with strong operability. This paper introduces a kind of interactive truck crane simulation platform based on the virtual reality technology, on which can complete the simulation experiment of the crane's movement. The framework and working principle of the interactive truck crane simulation platform are discussed in the paper, while landing leg and hook are used as an example to show the motion control mechanism of truck crane components. The interactive truck crane simulation platform uses the browser-based structure, Java3D, virtual reality and Java Applet, etc. to develop a Web3D virtual reality learning environment, which has the advantages of good interaction, strong sense of reality, simple update, less investment and so on. This learning environment can meet the needs that many students study online at the same time, so it has important application in the distance education of mechanical profession and remote training of vocational skills.
Mobile VR in Education
Authors: Cochrane Thomas
Published: February 2018

This paper explores the development of virtual reality (VR) use in education and the emergence of mobile VR based content creation and sharing as a platform for enabling learner-generated content and learner-generated contexts. The author argues that an ecology of resources that maps the user content creation and sharing affordances of mobile devices, social media, mobile head mounted displays and mobile VR cameras, provides an opportunity to design authentic VR learning experiences. The design of these VR learning experiences are informed by networked student-centred pedagogies. Based upon this background the paper provides a conceptual framework for implementing student-generated mobile VR embedded within a design based research methodology across three discipline contexts: paramedicine, journalism, and new media production.
An Extended Acceptance Model for Augmented Reality Educational Applications
Authors: Balog Alexandru , Pribeanu Costin
Published: February 2018

Augmented Reality (AR) combines 3D visualization, multimodal interaction, animation and direct manipulation in a hands-on learning experience that is able to enhance the students' motivation to learn. Designers and educators need a deeper understanding of the key factors that drive learners' acceptance and continuing interaction with an AR-based educational system. A concern for educators is to understand how these factors interact and to what extent each factor contributes to the acceptance of the AR technology. This work further extends the technology acceptance model by included three additional constructs that point to the ease of learning how to use an AR-based application (learnability), perceived efficiency, and cognitive absorption. The results show that the perceived enjoyment is the main determinant of the intention to use having a greater positive influence than the perceived usefulness. The perceived efficiency and perceived cognitive absorption have only indirect effects on the intention to use, which are mediated by the perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment.
Establishing Synergy Between Cloud Computing and Collaborative Technology in Medical Informatics
Authors: Rao N. Raghavendra
Published: February 2018

The Health care sector needs information driven service. Information is a major resource which is important to health of individual patient and the success of hospitals. The understanding between medical professionals and software professionals can be a main force behind the design, management and use of health care data and information. Health care information systems need to move from traditional integrated database to knowledge based database. Generally, data in health care sector is available as disperse elements; when it is compiled into a meaningful pattern, then it becomes information. And as information is converted into valid basis for action, then it becomes knowledge. This chapter explains making use of the concepts such as cloud computing, pervasive computing, virtual reality along with the other collaborative technology which will facilitate to create knowledge based health care system.
Rehabilitation and Medical Assistant Technique in Virtual Reality
Authors: Sharma Greeshma
Published: February 2018

In the modern world, Virtual Reality (VR) has been accepted by the researcher as a state-of-the-art neuropsychological assessment tool in clinical research. Owing to the two prominent VR attributes i.e. immersivity and interactivity, VR is being used as an assessment tool as well as a training module. Combining cognitive knowledge with existing VR technology can propel VR to achieve a quantum leap in the rehabilitation sector. In addition, it offers potential radical modifications in the traditional way of neuropsychological assessment in the clinical settings, by improving ecological validity of the existing tests. Subsequently, features of VR facilitate customisation of an individual's treatment plan with the informed gradual progression of the challenge. This chapter explains VR as an innovative platform in the sector of medical & others such as military and sports for assessment as well as for training.
Augmented Reality With Mobile and Ubiquitous Learning
Authors: Bozkurt Aras
Published: February 2018

Augmented Reality is generally used with mobile and ubiquitous technologies and they become widespread and are being used in education increasingly. Mobile and wearable devices as hard technologies, augmented and virtual reality as soft technologies has improved in a fast pace that we cannot predict what will the future introduce to us tomorrow. These hard and soft technologies provide immersive, enriched, situated and seamless learning experiences through mobile and ubiquitous learning. Considering the technology centric learning models, this chapter examines the mobile learning and augmented reality in terms of the opportunities they offer for learning. Following that, this study explains ubiquitous learning as a future learning model and use of augmented reality within this perspective.
Empowering Citizens Through Virtual and Alternate Reality
Authors: Camilleri Vanessa , Dingli Alexiei , Montebello Matthew
Published: February 2018

2016 is the year when virtual and augmented reality takes a boost. We've already seen various Virtual reality (VR) headsets being released and Microsoft new Hololens is finally being realised thus paving the way for Augmented Realities (AR). In this chapter, we will explore further the use of VR in two particular domains in which governments are facing difficulties. The first topic is related to disorders and in the second domain we will consider migration. We will do this by creating new VR experiences, which present to the users alternative realities. The context we will be looking at is that of teacher training. As teaches they cannot fully comprehend what an autistic child or a child migrant experiences simply because they haven't lived through that experience themselves. Thus we have created an innovative inter-faculty collaboration at the University of Malta aimed at addressing this challenge. Previous studies into the importance of VR for teaching and learning, have described the ways in which people immersed in this alternative reality have been affected.
Pose Tracking in Augmented Reality of Cultural Heritage
Authors: Asmar Daniel
Published: February 2018

This paper briefly surveys pose tracking methods used for augmented reality applications in cultural heritage. The paper primarily benefits scholars and practitioners in the areas of electronic heritage. Pose tracking techniques are categorized as either being dependent or independent of their surrounding; accordingly, various solution methods in the literature are presented along with their advantages and disadvantages. I conclude the paper with a discussion on the open problems in pose tracking in cultural heritage and recommend future directions of research in this field.
The Use of Virtual Reality Tools for the Assessment of Executive Functions and Unilateral Spatial Neglect
Authors: Pedroli Elisa , Serino Silvia , Giglioli Alice Chicchi , Pallavicini Federica , Cipresso Pietro , Riva Giuseppe
Published: February 2018

Virtual Reality is one of the most promising tools in the development of new methods for neuropsychological assessment and rehabilitation. Neuropsychological assessment is typically carried out by administering paper-and-pencil tests to patients. However, these tests have some limitations, due to the fact that they are not effectively able to evaluate the subject's performance of daily activities. To cope with this void, neuropsychologists base their evaluation on their clinical experience, often successfully. Nevertheless, this is not an evidence-based practice, thus it is not considered optimal from a medical decision-making perspective. More recently, however, the increasing accessibility of advanced technology such as virtual reality has opened new possibilities for neuropsychological assessment and rehabilitation. Starting with this frame, the chapter explores the changes that have occurred over time in the neuropsychological assessment and rehabilitation up to the most recent VR-based tools. In particular, we will present a VR-based PC tool for the assessment of executive functions, and a VR-based mobile tool for the assessment and rehabilitation of unilateral spatial neglect. In accordance with the literature, we show the potential for virtual reality, highlighting the advantages, limitations, and the possible future challenges.
Simulation of Manufacturing Processes via Virtual Reality
Authors: Abidi Mohamed-Amine , Lyonnet Barbara , Chevaillier Pierre , Toscano Rosario , Baert Patrick
Published: February 2018

In a world in continuous evolution, the different industrial actors need to be reactive to remain competitive and to conquer new market trends. To achieve this, they are constrained to improve their way of industrial management, both at the strategic level, to adapt to technological advances and follow market trends. In this chapter, we introduce a new simulation method that makes it easy to understand the results of a given simulation. This is of crucial importance because the design stage of a manufacturing system usually implies not specialist actors. The objective of the chapter is to present the main advantages of using the virtual reality (VR) to the manufacturing processes simulation. To this end, a state of the art will compose the first part of the chapter. In the second part, we address the issue of the contribution of the VR to the industrial simulation.
Augmented Reality Implementations, Requirements, and Limitations in the Flipped-Learning Approach
Authors: Tosun Nilgun
Published: February 2018

In the year 2016, flipped learning became an innovative learning approach. The students, in flipped learning, prepare to their courses watching the videos, listening to podcasts, and reading the articles prepared for themselves, and have a prior knowledge. In flipped learning approach, efficiency of learning materials is related to providing permanent learning, facilitating the learning and being interactive. For that reason, the students should be supported with stronger learning materials rather than the aforementioned materials. The most current one among these materials includes Augmented Reality implementations that have been prominent in recent years. In this chapter, flipped learning approach and augmented reality concept will be emphasized, augmented reality implementations possible to be used in flipped learning will be exemplified, and limitations will also be discussed.