bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Construction of Rotor–Stator Cavity with an Inward Flow
Authors:   JiangSu University + Institute of Engineering Thermo physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xin Shen , Jun Liu ,   Institute of Engineering Thermo physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qiang Du ,   Institute of Engineering Thermo physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guang Liu ,   Institute of Engineering Thermo physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zengyan Lian ,   Institute of Engineering Thermo physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Pei Wang ,   Institute of Engineering Thermo physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ran Ren ,   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Published: February 2024

In small and medium-sized aero engines, the secondary air flow used for turbine cavity cooling, rim sealing and axial load adjustment is generally drawn from the top gap of the centrifugal compressor. The air flow will develop downward in the form of free vortices. As the radius decreases, the tangential velocity of the airflow rapidly increases, which leads to a significant decrease in the static pressure of the airflow and reduce its effectiveness. Therefore, mastering its development laws and reducing the static pressure loss is the key to ensure the effectiveness of the secondary air system. In this paper a rotor–stator cavity experimental rig with an inward flow has been designed. The flow characteristic of the rotor-stator cavity in a real engine under low velocity and normal temperature conditions has been reproduced by adjusting the rotational Reynolds number Reφ and flow coefficient Cw. Two types of vortex reduction devices were designed, including vortex control plates and vortex control holes. Further flow information inside cavity with two different vortex reduction devices could be measured by four measurement schemes. The partial measurement results after debugging indicate that the accuracy of the experimental platform has reached the expected level, and the experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical simulation results. The vortex reduction device has been proved to be effective in reducing static pressure loss.
Numerical Simulation of Large Scale Wind Turbine Wake and the Influence on Vibration of Downstream Wind Turbine
Authors:   Mingyang Smart Energy Group Co., Ltd, Qu Chun ming , Li Sheng ,   Mingyang Smart Energy Group Co., Ltd, Miao De sheng ,   Ocean University of China, Ge Wen peng ,   Mingyang Smart Energy Group Co., Ltd
Published: February 2024

In order to investigate the wake evolution law of large scale horizontal axis wind turbine and its influence on vibration of downstream wind turbine, large eddy simulation method has been used to study the single wind turbine with a capacity of 5.5 MW and the tandem double turbines respectively in this paper. The results of single wind turbine wake show that the average velocity distribution law of wake fits well with the prediction results of two-dimensional engineering wake empirical model named 2D-k-Jensen. The wake development and evolution process has been observed by the flow field diagram. In addition, it is observed that the wake deflects 0.82° relative to the incoming flow direction under the condition of 0° yaw angle. The results of wake influence on downstream wind turbine show that the thrust main frequency of downstream wind turbine in 3D position of upstream wind turbine wake coincides with the 3P frequency of its operation. At the same time, combined with a large amount of wind farm tests data analysis, there is a high correlation between the vibration frequency of wind turbine and its 3P frequency, which determines that the wake can cause the wind turbine vibration.
Adjusting the Ratio of Steady and Dynamic Components of Total Pressure Distortion Using the Combination of Annular Plate and Cylindrical Rod
Authors:   Xi’an Jiaotong University, Sun Enbo , Wu Yun ,   Airforce Engineer University Xi’an Jiaotong University, Zhang Haideng ,   Airforce Engineering University, Li Shanzhen ,   Xi’an Jiaotong University, Long Yuhan ,   Xi’an Jiaotong University
Published: February 2024

The aero-engine always suffers from the inlet distortion because of intake flow separation and wing wake during the aircraft flight. Total pressure distortion, which has negative impact on the stability of the compressor, is a typical form of inlet distortion. The test and analysis of the compressor stability under the inlet total pressure distortion is an important segment in aero-engine design. The inlet total pressure distortion consists of steady and dynamic components, and the ratio of steady and dynamic components will change with the variance of working conditions. However, the traditional distortion generator can only generate the inlet total pressure distortion with fixed steady/dynamic ratio (SDR), and this makes it difficult to test the performance of aero-engines under different types of inlet total pressure distortions. To solve this problem, a new-type total pressure distortion generator based on the combination of cylindrical rod/annular plate and baffle plate is designed in this paper. Through adjusting the characteristic parameters of the rod/plate, the SDR of total pressure distortion can be varied actively. The wind tunnel test results show that increasing the number of the cylindrical rods, the circumferential scale of the annular plate and the height of the rods/plates can reduce the SDR.
Optimized design of tidal current turbine blade at low current rate
Authors:   ZheJiang University, Wang Zhouqin , Gao Zhiyuan ,   ZheJiang University, Lai Siqi ,   ZheJiang University, Liu Hongwei ,   ZheJiang University
Published: February 2024

Blades have a significant influence on a tidal current turbine (TCT)’s energy transfer capacity. In order to ensure a blade working safely and efficiently in low flow rates, a special design is needed. Hydrofoil’s shape and blade’s quality are the key factors which affect blade’s dynamic and starting performance at low flow rate. In this research, basing on a 500W_ORI blade (an initial design of 500W tidal turbine’s blade), optimizations of hydrofoil and blade structure were done sequentially by genetic algorithm. After hydrofoil optimization we got optimized hydrofoil OPT_24 which has high dynamic performance, good startup performance and durable structure, then redesigned the shape of new 500W_OPT blade (a 500W tidal turbine’s blade using optimized hydrofoil). After that, the structure of 500W_OPT blade was designed empirically and optimized to reduce its weight. Both 500W_ORI and 500W_OPT were fabricated, and their efficiency and the structure strength were tested. The experimental results show that the strain of the 500W_OPT blade is smaller than that of the 500 W_ORI blade under the same load. The power efficiency of the 500W_OPT at the optimal tip speed ratio is increased 500W_ORI by 46.1%, and 500W_OPT was able to start at the flow rate of 0.5-0.6m/s.
Implementation of a Newton−Krylov Algorithm in the Open-source Solver of PHengLEI
Authors:   Northwestern Polytechnical University, Zhang Sen , Pu Hongbing ,   Northwestern Polytechnical University, Wang Boqian ,   Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xu Shenren ,   Northwestern Polytechnical University, Zhang Yong ,   Xi'an Jiaotong University; China Aerodynamics Research And Development Center, Huang Xiuquan ,   Northwestern Polytechnical University, Wang Dingxi ,   Northwestern Polytechnical University
Published: February 2024

This paper presents the implementation of a Newton–Krylov (NK) algorithm in the open-source solver of Platform for Hybrid ENGineering simulation of flows (PHengLEI). The linearized equation system is solved using the Generalized Minimal Residual Method (GMRES). The elements of the exact Jacobian matrix are first computed using the automatic differentiation tool of Sacado and then manually assembled. In this work, two solution strategies are investigated for the solution of the RANS equations and the turbulence model equation: a decoupled approach and a coupled approach. The decoupled approach solves the RANS equations and the turbulence model equation sequentially while the coupled approach solves the RANS equations and the turbulence model equation simultaneously. The NACA0012 airfoil is used as the test vehicle to examine the two solution strategies. Results from the Lower-Upper Symmetric-Gauss-Seidel method are also presented as references.
On the influence of installation on the forced response of radial turbine wheels
Authors:   Brandenburg University of Technology, Nakos Alex , Beirow Bernd ,   Brandenburg University of Technology
Published: February 2024

Radial turbine wheels are commonly designed as integrally bladed rotors featuring extremely low structural damping in comparison to separate designs of blades and disk. Consequently, they are more prone to vibration. Moreover, random blade mistuning due to unavoidable inaccuracies in manufacture or material inhomogeneities can severely increase the maximum forced blade vibration amplitude compared to the tuned counterpart. Unfortunately, this response magnification may worsen in case of small damping. Since modes exhibiting blade dominated vibration are usually considered vulnerable in this regard, the influence of disk and shaft and its mounting conditions seems to be negligible. In this paper, reduced order models are employed in order to simulate the forced response of a radial turbine wheel. Experimental modal analyses have been carried out to provide realistic damping ratios considering both the single turbine wheel hardware as well as the full rotor mounted in a turbocharger test rig. Test runs are conducted and non-intrusive blade-tip-timing technology provides measurement data to validate the simulation models. Contrary to the original presumption, it is shown that additional structural damping contributed by assembling can significantly influence the forced response even though the focus is on blade dominated vibration.
Improving an Algorithm for Assessing the Completion of Internal, Unsteady Flow Simulations using Spatial Downsampling
Authors:   Turbomachinery and Unsteady Flows Research Group, George Amelia , Defoe Jeff ,   Turbomachinery and Unsteady Flows Research Group
Published: February 2024

In practical computational fluid dynamics (CFD), a reduction in flow time required to be solved is extremely beneficial in reducing the amount of time and computational resources required for the computation. The authors have previously introduced a convergence algorithm based on dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) that can determine the completion of an unsteady CFD flow, reducing the overall amount of flow time required to be solved. However, this algorithm itself can be expensive, and was only tested on cases with less than half a million cells. The original algorithm become too expensive on larger datasets. This paper introduces an updated algorithm along with a method for spatially downsampling the CFD data to make the execution of the convergence algorithm feasible on practical CFD, which could have up to hundreds of millions of cells. The updated algorithm and spatial downsampling method is applied to two CFD cases - a turbulent flow over a cylinder and a rotor in duct case - where the full solution is known. It is able to correctly determine the amount of flow time required for the spatio-temporal content stops changing meaningfully, requiring much fewer computational resources than the original version of the algorithm.
Ammonia-mediated hydrogen power system for clean energy transition
Authors:   The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Saha Shuvra , Tsang Yuen Hong ,   The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Wong Chui Shek ,   The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Cheng Ka Wai Eric ,   The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Li Molly Meng-Jung ,   The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Published: February 2024

Renewable energy-based technological applications are gaining importance for conserving natural resources and mitigating the negative effects of human activity on the environment. As a clean, sustainable energy vector, Hydrogen (H2) has been playing a key role. However, due to its highly flammable nature and low volumetric energy density, H2 storage and utilization systems for clean energy applications have been hindered by safety concerns and low energy density. Recently, ammonia (NH3), a carbon-free H2 carrier, is emerging as a promising zero-carbon, clean energy alternative due to its high H2 density, easier liquefaction, and safer storage and transportation. This work focuses on establishing the NH3- mediated hydrogen energy system for practical power applications. The system decomposes NH3 to create H2 and drive fuel cells to generate electricity. We conducted catalyst screening for high-efficiency NH3 decomposition and practical scale performance to balance the flow-pressure relationship and analyzed the effect of hydrogen purity on the end-use efficiency. This zero-carbon energy system shows potential to meet heavy-duty energy demands in the power industry and align with the 2050 carbon neutrality goal.
Stability analysis of the n-bladed system with blade-to-blade interaction
Authors:   Seoul National University, Yoon Youngkuk , Song Seung Jin ,   Seoul National University
Published: February 2024

This paper presents a new approach based on simplified dynamic modelling of the blade and blade-to-blade interaction, which generally occurs due to flow structures with large extent such as tip clearance vortex. The model considers the blade-to-blade interaction as the primary cause of the local instability. By linearizing the blade-to-blade interaction, the stability of the system can be examined via eigenvalue analysis of the matrix differential system. Two-and three-bladed system are examined, and the results are qualitatively compared with the previous experimental results. Also, a graphical approach for investigating eigenvalues of general N-bladed system is given, and the behaviour of the system eigenvalues with varying model parameters are explained.
A New Method for Non-Uniform Under-Sampled Blade Tip Timing Signal Reconstruction
Authors:   Zhejiang University School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhang Yucheng , Yang Shixi ,   Zhejiang University School of Mechanical Engineering, He* Jun ,   Zhejiang University School of Mechanical Engineering
Published: February 2024

Blade is the key component of large rotating machinery, which is prone to failure due to the harsh working conditions and variable loads. Blade tip timing (BTT) is one of the most effective methods for monitoring blade vibration. However, the blade tip-timing signals are typically undersampled. Besides, because the uniform mounted probe layout cannot recognise the synchronous vibration of the blade, a non-uniform mounted probe layout is used in most cases, which leads to the non-uniformity of the blade tip timing signal. How to extract blade vibration features by analysing these non-uniform under-sampled signals becomes a big challenge. In this paper, a new non-uniform under-sampled tip timing signal reconstruction method is proposed. First, a mathematical model of the sampling process of the blade tip timing signals is established, and the corresponding relationship between the non-uniform under-sampled tip timing signal and the uniform sampling signal is explored. Second, by analyzing the characteristics of the BTT signals and incorporating certain prior knowledge, the reconstruction of non-uniformly under-sampled BTT signals based on Discrete Fourier Transform is achieved. The numerical simulation and experimentation show that the proposed method can effectively reconstruct non-uniformly under-sampled BTT signals and significantly reduces the computational burden.
Physics guided machine learning modelling of compressor aeroelastic flutter
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, Rauseo Marco , Zhao Fanzhou ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, Vahdati Mehdi ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London
Published: February 2024

Modern aircraft engines need to meet ever more stringent requirements that greatly increase the complexity of design, which strives for enhanced performance, reduced operating costs, emissions and noise simultaneously. The drive for performance leads to the development of thin, lightweight, highly loaded fan and compressor blades which are increasingly more prone to incur high, sustained vibratory stresses and aeroelastic problems such as flutter. The current practice employs preliminary design tools for flutter that are often based on empiricism or simplified analytical models, requiring extensive use of computational fluid dynamics to verify aeroelastic stability. As the industry moves to new designs, fast and accurate prediction tools are needed. In this work, data-driven techniques are employed to model the aeroelastic response of compressor blades. Machine learning has been applied to a plethora of engineering problems, with particular success in the field of turbulence modelling. However, conventional, black-box data-driven methods based on simple input parameters require large databases and are unable to generalise. In this work a combination of machine learning techniques and reduced order models is proposed to address both limitations at the same time. Previous knowledge of flutter is introduced in the physics guided framework by formulating relevant, steady state input features, and by injecting results from low-fidelity analytical models. The models are tested on several unseen cascades and it is found that training on even a single geometry yields accurate results. The models developed here allow flutter prediction of fan and compressor flutter stability based on the steady state flow only without a need for any CPU intensive unsteady simulations. Hence, one can predict flutter stability of a given blade for different mechanical properties (mode shape, frequency) at near zero additional cost once the mean flow is known.
Direct Multi-Fidelity Integration of 3D CFD Models in a Gas Turbine with Fully Coupled Zooming Method
Authors:   Southern University of Science and Technology, Deng Weimin , Ni Ming ,   Southern University of Science and Technology, Wei Zuojun ,   Southern University of Science and Technology, Gao Haotian ,   Southern University of Science and Technology, Ren Guangming ,   Southern University of Science and Technology
Published: February 2024

Multi-fidelity simulation improves the simulation accuracy and captures more detailed information about aero engines under limited computing resources, which is implemented by coupling different levels of modeling and simulation with numerical zooming methods. However, there is an obvious problem in traditional zooming methods such as the iterative coupled zooming method or mini-map method that both the convergence and accuracy are highly dependent on the component general characteristic maps. Based on the investigation of a micro gas turbine, a direct and accurate fully coupled zooming method is developed, which directly embeds the 3D CFD compressor and turbine model into a 0D component-level model without component general characteristics maps. Then, the fully coupled zooming method is compared with the traditional 0D component-level model methods in terms of the throttle characteristics of the micro gas turbine, and the experimental data of the ground test is performed to verify the effectiveness of the fully coupled zooming methods. The results indicate that the fully coupled zooming method matches well with the test data than traditional 0D component-level model methods.
Predictive performance of thermophysical properties of supercritical carbon dioxide using Gaussian process regression and deep learning
Authors:   Tsinghua University, Zhou Mingshuo , Ni Chenxu ,   Tsinghua University, Wang Xingjian ,   Tsinghua University
Published: February 2024

Carbon dioxide has important usage in many engineering applications, such as regenerative cooling in scramjets and supercritical power cycles, and thermophysical properties are essential in numerical simulation. For the typical cubic real-fluid equation of states (EOSs), such as Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) and Peng-Robinson (PR) models, their reliability and accuracy are relatively poor in the high-pressure compressed-liquid, pseudo-boiling, and near-critical regions. In the region around the critical point, the renormalization group theory was developed to improve the predictive capability, but the associated complexity increases the computational cost substantially. To alleviate the situation, the present study leverages the recent advance in machine learning and proposes different data-driven models using Gaussian process regression (GPR) and deep learning for property evaluations of carbon dioxide. Gaussian process regression with various kernel functions and deep feedforward neural network (DFNN) model are explored to estimate the properties of carbon dioxide in a wide range of thermodynamic states. Both GPR and DFNN models show excellent agreement with the standard database, with the corresponding absolute average relative deviation (AARD) below 0.5% and 2.5%, respectively. The developed data-driven models can be potentially incorporated into large-scale computation of propulsion systems in a more accurate and efficient manner than the cubic EOSs.
Modelling the Nonlinear System Performance of Hybrid-Electric Propulsion Systems with Aerothermodynamic Interdependencies
Authors:   IFAS, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Goeing† Jan , Lück Sebastian ,   IFAS, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hanisch Lucas ,   IMAB, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Henke Markus ,   IMAB, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Friedrichs Jens ,   IFAS, Technische Universität Braunschweig
Published: February 2024

The development of commercial aircraft with hybrid-electric propulsion systems is currently a subject of extensive research in order to improve local air quality and reduce combustion emissions. Among the various types of engines being studied, the two-spool parallel hybrid-electric turbofan engine is particularly challenging due to the low-pressure compressor (LPC). The hybridisation process tends to throttle the LPC, accentuating its significance in the propulsion system. For reliable operation of such systems, accurate predictions of the LPC performance during time-sensitive manoeuvres such as a go-around are important. These manoeuvres are heavily influenced by time-dependent effects that govern the propulsion system’s performance. Often, the aerothermodynamic interplay between these effects is overlooked in propulsion models. In this study, the influence of these aerothermodynamic interdependencies on the modelling results is investigated. To investigate these aerothermodynamic interactions, a dynamic model is developed to simulate the performance of the hybrid-electric turbofan engine. In comparison, a constant mass flow model is used, which is not able to simulate these interdependencies. The results show that the aerothermodynamic interdependencies significantly affect the modelled time-resolved performance, especially for surge margin of the LPC, with this effect becoming more pronounced at higher levels of hybridisation. Therefore, the study recommends the adoption of dynamic simulation methodologies for hybrid-electric engines to guarantee high simulation precision, enhance reliability, and satisfy safety standards.
Increasing the performance of steam turbines at part load by optimizing the control system during operation
Authors:   Howden, a Chart Industries Company, Schleer Matthias , Steil Jonas ,   Howden, a Chart Industries Company
Published: February 2024

Steam turbines are subject to process-related operational fluctuations. It is mandatory for the machines to react flexibly to process changes and to operate efficiently in part load or with fluctuating steam parameters. In impulse turbines the power is controlled by valves that regulate the steam flow and pressure approaching the stator nozzle. To optimize part load behavior of the steam turbines the nozzle ring is separated into segments that can be individually supplied with steam. The division of the nozzle ring into segments is defined during the design phase of the machine and cannot be changed without major re-work. Experience shows that the actual operating points deviate from the data originally specified. In order to optimize part load performance a method is developed to optimize the turbine and the control logic to the actual part load operating condition. To do this, operating data is continuously collected using Howden's proprietary operating data acquisition system "Uptime", stored in the cloud and analyzed by experts. If there is potential in terms of efficiency improvement, the controller is adjusted accordingly and the control of the valves is optimized. The changeover of the control system and the associated partial load optimization can be carried out during ongoing plant operation and usually without any mechanical changes to components. The performance increase is measurable and can be proven, for example, via “Uptime”. In this work, the findings from development of the flexible valve system, simulation of the turbine in the controller model and from operation will be presented.
Flow disturbance by intrusive instrumentation located on the surface of a compressor blade
Authors:   Institute of Jet Propulsion and Turbomachinery RWTH Aachen University, Jung Daniel , Wunderer Roland ,   MTU Aero Engines AG, Schäflein Lukas ,   Institute of Jet Propulsion and Turbomachinery RWTH Aachen University, Jeschke Peter ,   Institute of Jet Propulsion and Turbomachinery RWTH Aachen University
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we present an experimental and numerical investigation into the flow disturbance by intrusive instrumentation in the form of spanwise pressure tubes mounted on the pressure and suction side of a compressor blade in a linear cascade wind tunnel at a moderate subsonic Mach number of 0.5 and a Reynolds number of 790,000. The pressure tubes were modelled as generic bumps extending over the entire span with a width of 24% of the chord length and a height of 67% of the maximum blade thickness. The leading edge of the bumps is located at 30% of the streamwise surface length. We found that the total pressure losses generated by these pressure tubes are considerably larger when they are placed on the suction side of the blade. The suction-sided bump increases the total pressure loss coefficient by a factor of four, while the pressure-sided bump approximately doubles it. CFD simulations reveal that the suction-sided bump causes the flow to form a large, open recirculation zone, while for the pressure-sided bump, the flow reattaches near the trailing edge. In conclusion, we provide insights into the effects of pressure tubes on the losses generated by compressor blades. The mounted tubes significantly impact the flow and should be carefully considered during instrumentation design.
Numerical investigation of the in-stall performance of an axial compressor at low Re using VLES-LBM
Authors:   Northwestern Polytechnical University, Liu* Qiang , Cao Linting ,   Northwestern Polytechnical University
Published: February 2024

The prediction of rotating stalls using high-fidelity simulation is key for the off-design performance of axial compressors, hence determines their working range. The aim of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of an unsteady flow solver, which is based on VLES-LBM (Very Large Eddy Simulation-Lattice Boltzmann Method), in simulating the rotating stallof an axial compressor stage. Experiments in a compact axial compressor rig at low Reynolds number of 60000 was previously performed within a range of flow coefficients and haveshown three stages ofstall process with different stall group(s). The excellent ability of VLES-LBM at low Reynolds in predicting pressure rise coefficient, stall cell numbers and rotating speeds is well verified with experiments for the first time and turns out to be a powerful tool for performance prediction in compressor design, especially at near-stall working conditions.The simulation clearly reveals the transition mechanism of stall group number from one, to two, and finally to four stall cell groups,whichhas not been observed before. This is accompanied with an increase in the speed and total size of the stall cell groups. New sub-structuresof stall group(s)havebeen discovered. At high flow coefficient, each stall group consists of several part-span stall cells, instead of atransitionally-observedsingle stall cell. A dynamic mode has been observed that these synchronized part-span stall cellsmarch circumferentially to form the stall group(s)observed in experiments. The leading stall cell in each stall group keeps dissipating rapidly and the following sequence of stall cells grows gradually in size from the stall inception. At lower flow coefficient, eachstall group containsless stall cell numbers and finally stabilized to a state of one single stall cell.Overall, thenumerical results not only provide the feasibility of VLES-LBM in capturing the stall cells at in-stall working conditions at low Re,but also give new insight into the stall process of low-Re compressors, which would be meaningful for the stall-margin expansion.
Efficient Performance Prediction of a one-and-half Stage Axial Compressor based on a Streamline-Curvature Throughflow Method and Stage Characteristics
Authors:   Xi’an Jiaotong University, Sun Enbo , Wu Yun ,   Airforce Engineer University Xi’an Jiaotong University, Zhang Haideng ,   Airforce Engineering University, Li Shanzhen ,   Xi’an Jiaotong University, Zhang Lifu ,   Xi’an Jiaotong University
Published: February 2024

The blade modeling of axial compressor mostly adopts curved and swept design, which results in strong three-dimensional unsteady effects in the compressor. Experiment is the main method to obtain the flow field and characteristics of compressors, but it needs too much time and money. Compared with experiments, throughflow calculation and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) save the cost in the design stage greatly. With the increase of compressor load, compressor blades become lighter and thinner, which leads to the blades deviating from the design profile. The manufacturing deviation may influence the aerodynamic performance and stability boundary of compressors. The key issue is how to predict the influence of manufacturing deviation on the compressor aerodynamic performance in the design stage. As the manufacturing deviations are random, it will occupy a huge amount of computing resources if we add deviations to CFD models directly. To solve this problem, we propose a method based on stage data, which is expected to predict the impact of manufacturing deviations on the aerodynamic performance of the compressor quickly. The reliable loss and deviation models based on stage data can predict the spanwise flow field parameters and performance of the compressor better.
Effect of Rotor with Tip Ring on Supersonic Fan Performance
Authors:   Northwestern Polytechnical University, Liu Fan , Cao Zhi Peng ,   AECC Sichuan Gas Turbine Research Establishment, Zhao Long Bo ,   AECC Sichuan Gas Turbine Research Establishment, Guan Chao Bin ,   AECC Sichuan Gas Turbine Research Establishment, Niu Xiao ,   AECC Sichuan Gas Turbine Research Establishment, Yan Hong ,   Northwestern Polytechnical University
Published: February 2024

Rotor with tip ring can suppress blade flutter, and has significant effect on the flow structure and fan performance with increase of the rotor inlet relative Mach number. The mechanism of rotor with tip ring on the fan performance at designed rotation speed is investigated using three dimensional simulation of a two stage highly loaded fan model. The effect of bowed blade stacking and skewed tip ring on the fan performance is evaluated. Numerical results show that the second rotor with tip ring results in a large separation at tip corner flow, leading to decrease of the fan pressure ratio and efficiency, and the surge margin declining from 20.8% to 10.6%. When the second rotor is modified with positive bowed blade stacking and the tip ring is skewed, the separation flow is successfully suppressed for all cases at designed rotation speed and the surge margin restores to 17.0%. The improvement effect of the positive bowed blade stacking and skewed tip ring for the supersonic fan performance is confirmed, which could be used for the highly loaded fan rotor design of FLADE.
Categorías de análisis para evaluar competencias orales y escritas
Authors: Fernández Nava Eduardo , Cepeda Islas María Luisa , Ruíz Pérez José Vladimir
Published: February 2024

El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo diseñar categorías de observación de las competencias orales y escritas en dos dimensiones: formales y funcionales. Participaron diez estudiantes de la licenciatura en psicología de una universidad privada de la Ciudad de México. Bajo un estudio no experimental, de tipo observacional realizado en línea, se llevó a cabo en cinco fases: en la primera se realizó una revisión de la literatura psicológica de distintas posturas teóricas, con el fin de identificar las categorías empleadas en el área, en la segunda se definieron y operacionalizaron las categorías, en la tercera se realizó un entrenamiento a observadores independientes, en la cuarta se realizó el pilotaje las categorías, en la que se les proporcionó a los participantes cuatro textos de diferentes temáticas y se les pidió que lo refirieran de manera escrita y oral al investigador, para posteriormente confiabilizar las categorías. Los resultados de confiabilidad mediante observadores independientes mostraron confiabilidades altas, por otro lado, los hallazgos relativos al desempeño de los participantes mostraron variabilidad entre los textos, lo que sugiere que se trata de competencias de naturaleza variable, que pueden ser influidas por varios aspectos contextuales y personales, por otro lado, se encontraron relaciones entre las competencias orales y escritas. Los hallazgos se discuten en términos de la aportación al ámbito de investigación y aplicado de las categorías, así como las implicaciones teóricas de las categorías propuestas.
Atribución del éxito en la vida: Una aproximación a su medición
Authors: Rivera García Jorge Luis , Rivera Aragón Sofía , Cruz Martínez Luz María , Soler Anguiano Francisco Leonardo
Published: February 2024

La atribución del éxito en la vida se refiere a la explicación causal de los propósitos de la vida. El concepto se identifica en una amplia gama de dominios como la escuela, las relaciones, el consumo y el bienestar y se mide a través de escalas de locus de control. Dichas escalas no consideran elementos relevantes para el constructo, como la estabilidad y controlabilidad de las causas. Además, la mayoría de estas escalas fueron validadas con participantes académicos. Debido a esto, las implicaciones significativas como la generalización pueden sobreestimarse al evaluar el constructo en diferentes contextos. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo crear y probar un modelo de medición para evaluar la atribución del éxito en la vida a través de análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios (N= 712), la versión final de la escala compiló 30 ítems distribuidos en seis factores, explicando 66.49% de la varianza (α = .92 y Ω = .93). La escala creada y probada en el estudio mostró propiedades psicométricas adecuadas que resaltan su aplicabilidad al medir causas que están relacionadas con la capacidad y el esfuerzo del individuo, el papel que juega la suerte o el destino en sus vidas, las enseñanzas de sus padres sobre cómo alcanzar el éxito, la imagen que proyectan a los demás, las oportunidades que surgen en la vida, y el tipo de propósitos de vida que quieren lograr. Las implicaciones sociales y prácticas de la escala se discuten a la luz de la evidencia previa.
Reconstruction of the human nipple–areolar complex: a tissue engineering approach
Authors: Maistriaux Louis , Foulon Vincent , Fievé Lies , Xhema Daela , Evrard Robin , Manon Julie , Coyette Maude , Bouzin Caroline , Poumay Yves , Gianello Pierre , Behets Catherine , Lengelé Benoît
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Nipple–areolar complex (NAC) reconstruction after breast cancer surgery is challenging and does not always provide optimal long-term esthetic results. Therefore, generating a NAC using tissue engineering techniques, such as a decellularization–recellularization process, is an alternative option to recreate a specific 3D NAC morphological unit, which is then covered with an in vitro regenerated epidermis and, thereafter, skin-grafted on the reconstructed breast.

Materials and methods: Human NACs were harvested from cadaveric donors and decellularized using sequential detergent baths. Cellular clearance and extracellular matrix (ECM) preservation were analyzed by histology, as well as by DNA, ECM proteins, growth factors, and residual sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) quantification. In vivo biocompatibility was evaluated 30 days after the subcutaneous implantation of native and decellularized human NACs in rats. In vitro scaffold cytocompatibility was assessed by static seeding of human fibroblasts on their hypodermal side for 7 days, while human keratinocytes were seeded on the scaffold epidermal side for 10 days by using the reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) technique to investigate the regeneration of a new epidermis.

Results: The decellularized NAC showed a preserved 3D morphology and appeared white. After decellularization, a DNA reduction of 98.3% and the absence of nuclear and HLA staining in histological sections confirmed complete cellular clearance. The ECM architecture and main ECM proteins were preserved, associated with the detection and decrease in growth factors, while a very low amount of residual SDS was detected after decellularization. The decellularized scaffolds were in vivo biocompatible, fully revascularized, and did not induce the production of rat anti-human antibodies after 30 days of subcutaneous implantation. Scaffold in vitro cytocompatibility was confirmed by the increasing proliferation of seeded human fibroblasts during 7 days of culture, associated with a high number of living cells and a similar viability compared to the control cells after 7 days of static culture. Moreover, the RHE technique allowed us to recreate a keratinized pluristratified epithelium after 10 days of culture.

Conclusion: Tissue engineering allowed us to create an acellular and biocompatible NAC with a preserved morphology, microarchitecture, and matrix proteins while maintaining their cell growth potential and ability to regenerate the skin epidermis. Thus, tissue engineering could provide a novel alternative to personalized and natural NAC reconstruction.
Integrating microalgae-based wastewater treatment, biostimulant production, and hydroponic cultivation: a sustainable approach to water management and crop production
Authors: Morillas-España Ainoa , Pérez-Crespo Raúl , Villaró-Cos Silvia , Rodríguez-Chikri Laura , Lafarga Tomas
Published: February 2024

A natural appearing microalgae-bacteria consortium was used to process urban wastewater. The process was done in an 80 m2 raceway reactor and the results were compared to an identical reactor operated using freshwater supplemented with commercial fertilisers. The biomass harvesting was done using commercial ultrafiltration membranes to reduce the volume of culture centrifuged. The membrane allowed achieving a biomass concentration of ∼9–10 g L−1. The process proposed avoids the use of centrifuges and the drying of the biomass, two of the most energy consuming steps of conventional processes. The specific growth rate in freshwater and the wastewater-based media was estimated as 0.30 ± 0.05 and 0.24 ± 0.02 days−1, respectively (p < 0.05). The maximum concentration reached at the end of the batch phase was 0.96 ± 0.03 and 0.83 ± 0.07 g L−1 when the biomass was produced using freshwater and wastewater, respectively (p < 0.05). The total nitrogen removal capacity of the system was on average 1.35 g m−2·day−1; nitrogen assimilation into biomass represented 60%–95% of this value. Furthermore, the P-PO43− removal capacity of the system varied from 0.15 to 0.68 g m−2·day−1. The outlet effluent of the reactor was used as a nutrient source in the hydroponic production of zucchini seedlings, leading to an increase in the root dry weight and the stem diameter compared to the water alone. The produced biomass showed potential for use as feedstock to produce plant biostimulants with positive effects on root development and chlorophyll retention.
Livestock species as emerging models for genomic imprinting
Authors: Hubert Jean-Noël , Perret Mathilde , Riquet Juliette , Demars Julie
Published: February 2024

Genomic imprinting is an epigenetically-regulated process of central importance in mammalian development and evolution. It involves multiple levels of regulation, with spatio-temporal heterogeneity, leading to the context-dependent and parent-of-origin specific expression of a small fraction of the genome. Genomic imprinting studies have therefore been essential to increase basic knowledge in functional genomics, evolution biology and developmental biology, as well as with regard to potential clinical and agrigenomic perspectives. Here we offer an overview on the contribution of livestock research, which features attractive resources in several respects, for better understanding genomic imprinting and its functional impacts. Given the related broad implications and complexity, we promote the use of such resources for studying genomic imprinting in a holistic and integrative view. We hope this mini-review will draw attention to the relevance of livestock genomic imprinting studies and stimulate research in this area.
Struvite-phosphorus effects on greenhouse gas emissions and plant and soil response in a furrow-irrigated rice production system in eastern Arkansas
Authors: Della Lunga Diego , Brye Kristofor R. , Roberts Trenton L. , Brye Jonathan , Evans-White Michelle , Henry Christopher G. , Lessner Daniel J. , Arel Chandler
Published: February 2024

Phosphorus (P) fertilizers with low water solubility, like struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O), have been identified to possibly reduce nutrient losses in furrow-irrigated cropping systems. However, there is a lack of research on the impacts of P and nitrogen (N) fertilization on greenhouse gas [GHG; i.e., methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2)] production in furrow-irrigated rice (Oryza sativa). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of electrochemically precipitated struvite (ECST), chemically precipitated struvite (CPST), triple superphosphate (TSP), diammonium phosphate (DAP), environmentally smart nitrogen (ESN), and an unamended control (CT) on GHG emissions, global warming potential (GWP), and plant and soil responses at the up-slope position of a furrow-irrigated rice field in east-central Arkansas. Seasonal CH4 and CO2 emissions did not differ (P > 0.05) among fertilizer treatments, while N2O emissions were greater (P = 0.02) from CT (i.e., 5.97 kg ha−1 season−1), which did not differ from ECST, and were lowest from ESN (1.50 kg ha−1 season−1), which did not differ from TSP, CPST, ECST, and DAP. Global warming potential was greatest (P < 0.05) from CT (1612 kg CO2 eq. ha−1 season−1), which did not differ from ECST, and was lowest from ESN (436 kg CO2 eq. ha−1 season−1), which did not differ from TSP, ECST, CPST, and DAP. The combination of numerically greater yield and lower N2O emissions from CPST and ESN suggested that slow-release fertilizers could constitute an effective mitigation tool to reduce GHG emissions, maintain production, and improve sustainability in furrow-irrigated rice systems.
What about adaptiveness? The case of organisational resilience and cognition
Authors: Secchi Davide , Neumann Martin , Festila Maria S. , Gahrn-Andersen Rasmus
Published: February 2024

This paper makes the very simple, perhaps straightforward point thatadaptivenesscannot be taken for granted when analysing a complex system. The paradigm ofComplex Adaptive Systems(CAS) theory makes it clear that a key feature of complex systems is the ability to adapt to changes in their environment. This is, indeed, relevant to many systems (e.g., living and social systems) since change is embedded in the way in which systems evolve over time. At the same time, adaptiveness is a strong assumption to make, since it prioritises change over stability and it can be a straight jacket, especially when it comes to studying complexity in the context of human social organising. By using a Case Study, this paper highlights the limits of a focus on adaptiveness and pushes for a more “neutral” perspective that allows researchers to appreciate a wider set of mechanisms, norms, and behaviours pertaining to complex social systems.
Regulation of soluble epoxide hydrolase in renal-associated diseases: insights from potential mechanisms to clinical researches
Authors: Gao Peng , Cao Yongtong , Ma Liang
Published: February 2024

In recent years, numerous experimental studies have underscored the pivotal role of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) in renal diseases, demonstrating the reno-protective effects of sEH inhibitors. The nexus between sEH and renal-associated diseases has garnered escalating attention. This review endeavors to elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms of sEH in renal diseases and emphasize the critical role of sEH inhibitors as a prospective treatment modality. Initially, we expound upon the correlation between sEH and Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and also addressing the impact of sEH on other epoxy fatty acids, delineate prevalent EPHX2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with renal diseases, and delve into sEH-mediated potential mechanisms, encompassing oxidative stress, inflammation, ER stress, and autophagy. Subsequently, we delineate clinical research pertaining to sEH inhibition or co-inhibition of sEH with other inhibitors for the regulation of renal-associated diseases, covering conditions such as acute kidney injury, chronic kidney diseases, diabetic nephropathy, and hypertension-induced renal injury. Our objective is to validate the potential role of sEH inhibitors in the treatment of renal injuries. We contend that a comprehensive comprehension of the salient attributes of sEH, coupled with insights from clinical experiments, provides invaluable guidance for clinicians and presents promising therapeutic avenues for patients suffering from renal diseases.