bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microautoradiography as a Tool for the Recognition of Phloem Transport
Authors: Bonnemain Jean‐Louis
Published: March 2023

During the past twenty years, reports in literature have indicated the increasing use of autoradiographic techniques in problems dealing with translocation of nutrients in the phloem. Now the patterns of movement of photosynthates in plants with collateral or bicollateral bundles are fairly well known. But this technique can still bring us a far better knowledge of other aspects of phloem physiology, such as mechanism of phloem loading for instance.
Morphogenese und Mikromorphologie komplexer Cuticular‐Faltungsmuster an Blüten‐Trichomen von Antirrhinum L. (Scrophulariaceae)
Authors: Barthlott Wilhelm
Published: March 2023

Die einzelligen, keulenförmigen Trichome auf den Blütenlippen des Löwenmäulchens (Antirrhinum majus L., Scrophulariaceae) zeigen eine auffällige, mehrfach in der Literatur erwähnte Oberflächenskulptur. Die licht‐ und rasterelektronenmikroskopische Analyse ergibt, daß es sich um ein stark modifiziertes, kompliziertes Cuticular‐Faltungsmuster handelt. Charakteristisch für das Muster sind die in Hohlbläschen aufgelösten Falten; hinzu kommt eine spiralige Drehung der Faltungsskulptur entlang des Trichomstieles mit gelegentlicher Umkehrung der Drehrichtung. Das Faltungsmuster wird an jungen Knospen, in denen die Trichome weitgehend ihre spätere Größe erreicht haben, von Beginn seiner Morphogenese an in der endgültigen Form angelegt und ausdifferenziert. Die Entwicklungsgeschichte zeigt erneut, daß die in der Literatur vertretenen Cutinüberproduktionstheoricn und Wandspannungsdifferenztheorien zur Erklärung der Entstehung cuticularer Faltungsmuster bei Angiospermen nicht ausreichen oder falsch sind.
Phytosoziologie, Ökologie und Systematik bei Flechten
Authors: Wirth Volkmar
Published: March 2023

In den letzten Jahren bemühte sich die systematische Forschung verstärkt, die oft sehr schematisch begrenzten Einheiten der Flechten mit modernen Methoden unter Berücksichtigung möglichst vieler Merkmale zu überprüfen und neu zu gliedern, Ökologische Merkmale wurden aber bei der Definition supraspezifischer taxonomischer Einheiten bei Flechten bisher kaum herangezogen. Eine Analyse der revidierten und neu gefaßten Taxa, z. B. innerhalb der Familie Lecideaceae, zeigt aber, daß diese Einheiten oft deutliche Parallelen und Schwerpunkte im ökologischen Bereich besitzen und sich somit ökologische Merkmale als zusätzliches Kriterium bei der Begründung von natürlichen Verwandtschaftsgruppen verwenden lassen. Andererseits kann eine stark abweichende Ökologie als Hinweis auf eine mögliche taxonomische Sonderstellung gelten (Beispiel: Ausgliederung von T. caradocensis als einziger Holzbewohner der Gattung Toninia aus diesem Genus), d. h., möglicherweise künstliche Taxa können für taxonomische Zwecke auf ökologisch und soziologisch auffallende Zäsuren hin untersucht werden. Derartige Querverbindungen zwischen Systematik und Ökologie finden sich besonders auf Gattungsniveau, lassen sich aber öfter auch in Familien hinein verfolgen. Somit können Fragen der Flechtentaxonomie niederer und mittlerer Kategorien durch Einbeziehung ökologischer Kriterien besser behandelt werden, als dies bei nur morphologischtypologischer Arbeitsweise der Fall ist. Um eine ökologische Affinität oder Zäsur zwischen Flechtentaxa aufzuzeigen, ist eine genauere Definition ihrer Ökologie nicht unbedingt notwendig. Eine ökologische Ähnlichkeit kann mit Hilfe pflanzensoziologischer Methoden nachgewiesen werden.

Die Fruchtbarkeit der ökologisch‐synökologischen Frageweise für die Flechtensystematik und die Bedeutung ökologischer Differenzierungen für die Evolution der Flechten werden diskutiert.

Für wertvolle Diskussionen und Anregungen danke ich den Herren Dr. G. Kost (Tübingen), H. Oberhollenzer, Prof. Dr. J. Poelt (Graz), Dr. H. Schmalfuss und Dr. G. von Wahlert (alle Ludwigsburg) ganz herzlich.
Wachstum und Bildung extrazellulärer Polysaccharide in Batch‐Kulturen von Porphyridium aerugineum, Rhodophyceae
Authors: von Witsch H. , Bolze A. , Hornung Ursula
Published: March 2023

An batch‐Kulturen von P. aerugineum im Algen‐Lichtthermostaten und in 5‐Liter‐Rohren mit Innenbeleuchtung wurde der Einfluß einzelner Nährlösungskomponenten (SO4‐, Mg‐ und Mn‐Gehalt, Tricin‐ und Tris‐Puffer, pH‐Wert), sowie von Beleuchtungsstärke und Durchlüftungsintensität auf das Wachstum und auf die Bildung extrazellulärer Polysaccharide untersucht.

Beide Prozesse werden durch diese Faktoren verschieden und teils gegensinnig beeinflußt. Als Maß für die Produktion extrazellulärer Polysaccharide diente die Viskosität der Algensuspensionen, für die Wuchsleistung das Trockengewicht.

Die für die Bildung extrazellulärer Polysaccharide optimale Sulfatkonzentration der Nährlösung ist doppelt so hoch als die für optimales Wachstum benötigte. Sehr viskose Suspensionen ergeben sich, wenn die molare Mg‐Konzentration nur die Hälfte der SO4‐Konzentration des Mediums beträgt. Einseitige Erhöhung der Mg‐Konzentration fördert das Wachstum, mindert aber die Bildung extrazellulärer Polysaccharide erheblich. Stark viskositätssenkend bei unverminderter Wuchsleistung wirkt eine Erhöhung des Mn‐Gehaltes der Nährlösung. Eine spezifisch viskositätsfördernde Wirkung über die pH‐Wirkung hinaus kommt dem Tricingehalt des Mediums zu. Bemerkenswert ist auch das hohe Beleuchtungsoptimum von P. aerugineum. Besonders hohe Wuchsleistungen bei intensiver Produktion extrazellulärer Polysaccharide wurden in den stark belüfteten 5‐Liter‐Rohren mit Innenbeleuchtung erzielt.

Die Ergebnisse werden auch in Hinblick auf eine Möglichkeit zur Gewinnung von gallertigen Wandsubstanzen für industrielle Zwecke diskutiert.
Mechanismen der pathologischen Pigmentbleichung bei Pflanzen
Authors: Osswald W. F. , Elstner E. F.
Published: March 2023

Viele pathologische Pigmentbleichungen sind oxidative Prozesse. In einer Reihe von Simulationsversuchen und Modellreaktionen wurden die Grundbedingungen für die Auslösung dieser Prozesse studiert und mit „in vivo” Meßdaten verglichen. Bei den verwendeten oxidativen Bedingungen, unter denen Pigmente gebleicht werden, handelt es sich um chemische, enzymkatalysierte und lichtabhängige Oxidationen, wobei der Singulettsauerstoff, neben weiteren reaktiven Sauerstoffspezies eine herausragende Rolle spielt. Ausgelöst werden solche Pigmentbleichungen unabhängig davon, ob der „aktivierte Sauerstoff” außerhalb oder innerhalb der Thylakoidmembranen erzeugt wird, wobei jedoch die zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen unterschiedlich sind. Parallel zur Pigmentbleichung wird grundsätzlich eine Oxidation von Lipiden gemessen; wird primär eine Lipidperoxidation induziert, so ist die Pigmentbleichung als Kooxidation von Lipiden zu sehen.

Mit Hilfe der empfindlichen HPLC‐Technik wurden Kinetiken der Bleichraten von Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, β‐Karotin, Neoxanthin, Violaxanthin und Lutein gemessen. Die schnellsten Bleichungsraten werden unter Bedingungen erzielt, die einen stark limitierten Elektronenfluß hervorrufen.

Die erzielten Ergebnisse erlauben den Vergleich mit „in vivo” Beobachtungen. Es können Rückschlüsse über die basalen Mechanismen der virus‐ bzw. pilzbedingten Vergilbung von Zuckerrüben sowie der Vergilbung von Fichtennadeln gezogen werden.
Variability of blood pressure and risk of postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing surgery for acute aortic dissection: A 11‐year single‐center study
Authors: Li Yan , Zheng Tingting , Zhu Jianfei , Chen Yanjun , Chen Yun , Sun Shuai
Published: March 2023

In patients receiving surgery, increased blood pressure variability may contribute to the onset of acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the extent and significance of blood pressure variability in patients undergoing aortic dissection surgery have yet to be determined. The authors analyzed all patients operated for aortic dissection at Peking University Shenzhen Hospital from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2021. Preoperative blood pressure variability was expressed as standard deviation, coefficient of variation (CV), and range. The primary outcome was postoperative AKI. After multivariate analysis, systolic blood pressure variability was found to be independently associated with AKI after aortic dissection surgery. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for standard deviation, CV, and systolic blood pressure range were 1.232 (1.011–1.500), 1.451 (1.058–1.991), and 1.138 (0.986–1.288) for postoperative AKI, respectively. However, there was no significant relationship between diastolic blood pressure variability and AKI after aortic dissection surgery. Finally, in patients undergoing surgery for aortic dissection, the variability of systolic blood pressure is actually an important factor in the development of AKI.
Stimulatory effect of imeglimin on incretin secretion
Authors: Yingyue Quan , Sugawara Kenji , Takahashi Harumi , Yokoi Norihide , Ohbayashi Kento , Iwasaki Yusaku , Seino Susumu , Ogawa Wataru
Published: March 2023

Aims/Introduction

Imeglimin is a new antidiabetic drug structurally related to metformin. Despite this structural similarity, only imeglimin augments glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), with the mechanism underlying this effect remaining unclear. Given that glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) also enhance GSIS, we examined whether these incretin hormones might contribute to the pharmacological actions of imeglimin.

Materials and Methods

Blood glucose and plasma insulin, GIP, and GLP‐1 concentrations were measured during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed in C57BL/6JJcl (C57BL/6) or KK‐Ay/TaJcl (KK‐Ay) mice after administration of a single dose of imeglimin with or without the dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor sitagliptin or the GLP‐1 receptor antagonist exendin‐9. The effects of imeglimin, with or without GIP or GLP‐1, on GSIS were examined in C57BL/6 mouse islets.

Results

Imeglimin lowered blood glucose and increased plasma insulin levels during an OGTT in both C57BL/6 and KK‐Ay mice, whereas it also increased the plasma levels of GIP and GLP‐1 in KK‐Ay mice and the GLP‐1 levels in C57BL/6 mice. The combination of imeglimin and sitagliptin increased plasma insulin and GLP‐1 levels during the OGTT in KK‐Ay mice to a markedly greater extent than did either drug alone. Imeglimin enhanced GSIS in an additive manner with GLP‐1, but not with GIP, in mouse islets. Exendin‐9 had only a minor inhibitory effect on the glucose‐lowering action of imeglimin during the OGTT in KK‐Ay mice.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that the imeglimin‐induced increase in plasma GLP‐1 levels likely contributes at least in part to its stimulatory effect on insulin secretion.
Infrared drying kinetics of Capsicum annuum L. var. glabriusculum (Piquin pepper) and mathematical modeling
Authors: Ovando‐Medina Víctor M.
Published: March 2023

In this work, the dehydration kinetics of Capsicum annuum L. var. glabriusculum (Piquin pepper) was studied at three different temperatures (70°C, 80°C, and 90°C) during infrared drying using a moisture analyzer. A mathematical model was used to predict the experimental data, which are related to the apparent effective moisture diffusivity coefficient (Deff). It was observed that by increasing the drying temperature from 70°C to 90°C, drying time decreased from 160 to 70 min, taking place in the falling rate stage; however, browning of the product was observed at 90°C. Piquin pepper's initial free‐water percentage was found to be 96.4% w/w. Experimental drying behavior agrees well with the single‐layer Gruintal–Santos model that was related to Deff obtaining values in the interval of 1.53 × 10−10 to 3.23 × 10−10 m2/s increasing with the temperature, which is comparable with reported values for similar drying processes of peppers. From 70°C to 90°C, the initial free water ranged from 4.72 to 4.88 kg of free water/kg of dry solid, while equilibrium free water changed from .2093 to .0526 kg of free water/kg of dry solid. The activation energy was estimated as 38.812 kJ/mol.

Practical applications

Drying kinetics and moisture diffusivity coefficient have not been reported for Capsicum annuum L. var. glabriusculum (piquin pepper). In this work, we report the infrared kinetics drying and its mathematical modeling to estimate the moisture diffusivity coefficient as a function of drying temperatures. The results of Deff can be used for the large‐scale dryer design.
The impact of coffee origin information on sensory and hedonic judgment of fine Amazonian robusta coffee
Authors: Manfrin Artêncio Mateus , Cassago Alvaro Luis Lamas , da Silva Renata Kelly , Carvalho Fabiana M. , Da Costa Fernando Batista , Rocha Marina Toledo Lourenção , de Moura Engracia Giraldi Janaina
Published: March 2023

Through the lens of predictive processing theory, perception is shaped by expectations we create about object information, including food products, and their match/mismatch with sensory stimuli. The popularity of labelling origin information to enhance product value has been spread to high‐quality foods, particularly as geographical indication (GI). The question we propose is whether the coffee's origin information can affect the sensory perception and hedonic judgment given by professional coffee tasters. Participants were divided into groups according to GI cue provision (absent, GI cue, GI storytelling) associated to the coffee sample served. Origin information proved to significantly affect participants' sensory perception, but not hedonic judgment. Precisely, participants judged acidity and overall flavor as more intense after reading the story whereas higher ratings of nutty, cacao, and caramel notes were given when origin was absent. It is likely that, origin and sorytelling influenced participants' expectations and sensory perception. Oppositely, a better perception of flavor notes was observed only in the absence of information.

Practical applications

This study contributes to the literature of food marketing by showing that professional coffee tasters' sensory evaluations of specialty coffee are affected by product origin and how it is communicated. These findings emphasize the relevance of origin cues in food marketing and their potential on influencing expectations and sensory perception. Coffee companies and brands can benefit from communicating the origin of specialty coffee by building strategies on place reputation and image. Considering that the specialty coffee industry is growing fast and offers a variety of product options (e.g., organic, fair trade, award winner), new coffee varieties and recently registered GIs can disclose the origin cue to capture consumers' attention and enhance product value by referring to the uniqueness of a region. Additionally, different coffee profiles could be matched with different presentations of the origin cue in order to potentially enhance the consumers' perception of the beverage's attributes, improving the drinking experience.
Bronchoalveolar lavage hemosiderosis in lightly active or sedentary horses
Authors: Mahalingam‐Dhingra Ananya , Bedenice Daniela , Mazan Melissa R.
Published: March 2023

Background

Hemosiderophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) are commonly ascribed to exercise‐induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH). Little information exists regarding the presence of these cells in horses that perform light or no work and that are referred for respiratory problems.

Objectives

Evaluate the presence of hemosiderophages in BALF of horses suspected of respiratory disease without history of or risk factors for EIPH and determine predictors of hemosiderophages in BALF in this population.

Methods

Observational retrospective cross‐sectional study using STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology reports of 353 horses evaluated for respiratory disease between 2012 and 2022 at the Cummings School for Veterinary Medicine were reviewed retrospectively. Horses with a history or likelihood of having performed past strenuous exercise were removed, and the remaining 91 horses were divided into hemosiderin‐positive (HSD‐POS) and hemosiderin‐negative groups based on Perls' Prussian blue staining. Potential predictors for the presence of hemosiderophages in BALF (history, clinical evaluation, baseline lung function, airway reactivity, BALF cytology, and hemosiderin score) were compared between the 2 groups, using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

Horses with a diagnosis of severe equine asthma (sEA; odds ratio, 11.1; 95% confidence interval, 3.2‐38.5;P < .001) were significantly more likely to be HSD‐POS than horses with mild‐to‐moderate equine asthma.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Hemosiderophages were found in the BALF cytology in a subset of horses that perform light or no work and presented for respiratory signs; these cells were found more frequently in horses with sEA. The link between hemosiderophages and sEA highlights previously unstudied pathology associated with this common disease.
Intestinal microbiota of Nearctic‐Neotropical migratory birds vary more over seasons and years than between host species
Authors: Skeen Heather R. , Willard David E. , Jones Andrew W. , Winger Benjamin M. , Gyllenhaal Ethan F. , Tsuru Brian R. , Hackett Shannon J. , Novembre John
Published: March 2023

Seasonal migration of Nearctic‐Neotropical passerine birds may have profound effects on the diversity and abundance of their host‐associated microbiota. Migratory birds experience seasonal change in environments and diets throughout the course of the annual cycle that, along with recurrent biological events such as reproduction, may significantly impact their microbiota. In this study, we characterize the intestinal microbiota of four closely related species of migratory Catharus thrushes at three time points of their migratory cycle: during spring migration, on the summer breeding territories and during fall migration. Using observations replicated over 3 years, we determined that microbial community diversity of Catharus thrushes was significantly different across distinct time periods of the annual cycle, whereas community composition was more similar within than across years. Elevated alpha diversity in the summer birds compared to either migratory period indicated that birds may harbour a reduced microbiota during active migration. We also found that community composition of the microbiota did not substantially differ between host species. Finally, we recovered two phyla, Cyanobacteria and Planctomycetota, which are not commonly described from birds, that were in relatively high abundance in specific years. This study contributes to our growing understanding of how microbiota in wild birds vary throughout disparate ecological conditions and reveals potential axes across which an animal's microbial flexibility adapts to variable environments and recurrent biological conditions throughout the annual cycle.
Person‐centred conversations in nursing and health: A theoretical analysis based on perspectives on communication
Authors: Öhlén Joakim , Friberg Febe
Published: March 2023

In this paper we use the concept of the person to examine person‐centred dialogue and show how person‐centred dialogue is different from and significantly more than transfer of information, which is the dominant notion in health care. A further motivation for the study is that although person‐centredness as an idea has a strong heritage in nursing and the broader healthcare discourse, person‐centred conversation is usually discussed as a distinct and unitary approach to communication, primarily related to the philosophy of dialogue—the philosophy of Martin Buber. In this paper we start with the concept of person to critically reflect on theoretical perspectives on communication to understand person‐centred conversations in the context of nursing and health. We position the concept of the person through the use of Paul Ricoeur's philosophy and follow by distinguishing four theoretical perspectives on communication before reflecting on the relevance of each of these for person‐centred communication. These perspectives are: a linear view of communication as transfer of information, communication as a relation in the sense of philosophy of dialogue, practice‐based communication on constructionist grounds, and communication as a practice to create social community. In relation to the concept of the person, we do not find transfer of information relevant as a theoretical underpinning for person‐centred conversations. From the other three perspectives that are relevant we distinguish five types of person‐centred conversations pertinent to nursing and health: problem identifying conversations, instructive conversations, guiding and supportive conversations, caring and existential conversations, and therapeutic conversations. Through this analysis it is argued that person‐centred communication and conversations are substantially different to transfer of information. We also discuss the significance of communication adjusted to specific situations, including emphasis on how we speak in relation to the aim or topic of a conversation.
Psychometric properties of the self‐care of chronic illness inventory in Chinese older adults with multiple chronic conditions
Authors: Jin Yuanyuan , Brown Roger , Bhattarai Muna , Kuo Wan‐chin , Chen Ying
Published: March 2023

Background

Existing self‐care measures for the Chinese population are specific to single chronic conditions. No generic self‐care measures exist for the Chinese population with multiple chronic conditions.

Objectives

To test the structural validity, concurrent validity and reliability of the Self‐care of Chronic Illness Inventory (SC‐CII) in Chinese older adults with multiple chronic conditions.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study was reported following the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guideline. A diverse sample of Chinese older adults with multiple chronic conditions (n = 240) was recruited. Structural validity was assessed with confirmatory factor analysis. Concurrent validity was investigated with hypotheses testing of the relationships between perceived stress, resilience and self‐care. Reliability was assessed with Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega. Finally, a simultaneous confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test the general model with all items and all three subscales.

Results

Confirmatory factor analysis supported the two‐factor structure of theself‐care maintenanceandself‐care managementsubscales and the one‐factor structure of theself‐care monitoringsubscale. Concurrent validity was supported by the significant negative correlation (rranged from −0.18 to −0.38,p < .01) with perceived stress and the significant positive correlation (rranged from 0.31 to 0.47,p < .01) with resilience. Reliability estimates ranged from 0.77 to 0.82 across the three subscales. The simultaneous confirmatory factor analysis did not support the more general model with the combined set of items.

Conclusion

The SC‐CII is valid and reliable for Chinese older adults with multiple chronic conditions. Future cross‐cultural assessment should be conducted to investigate the measurement equivalence of the SC‐CII in individuals from Western and Eastern cultural groups.

Implications for practice

With the increasing number of older adults in China who are living with multiple chronic conditions and the call for culturally tailored self‐care interventions, this self‐care measure can be used in geriatric primary care settings, long‐term facilities and homes to improve the understanding and practice of self‐care in older Chinese adults.
Minimally Invasive 360° Fusion Using a Combination of INFIX and Minimally Invasive Spinopelvic Fixation by Intraoperative Computed Tomography Navigation for Unstable Pelvic Ring Fracture: A Technical Note
Authors: Hiyama Akihiko , Ukai Taku , Ogasawara Shota , Tanaka Tatsumi , Watanabe Masahiko
Published: March 2023

Objective

Fluoroscopy is often used in the surgery of unstable pelvic ring fractures, and improved safety in implant placement is an issue. An anterior subcutaneous pelvic fixator (INFIX) combined with a percutaneous screw has been reported to be a minimally invasive and effective surgical technique for unstable pelvic ring injuries. However, although percutaneous screw fixation is minimally invasive, its indications for fracture fixation and fractures with large fragment displacements in the vertical plane remain controversial. Therefore, this technical note aims to describe a new technique for unstable pelvic ring fractures.

Methods

We describe a 360° fusion of the pelvic ring to treat unstable pelvic ring fractures, including vertical shear pelvic ring fractures, using an intraoperative CT navigation system. Seven patients were treated with 360° fusion for type C pelvic ring fractures. In surgery, after reducing the fracture with external fixation, intraoperative CT navigation is used to perform a 360° fusion with INFIX and minimally invasive surgical spinopelvic fixation (MIS‐SPF). We will introduce a typical case and explain the procedure.

Results

A 360° fixation was performed, and no perioperative complications were noted. The mean blood loss was 253.2 ± 141.0 mL, and the mean operative time was 224.3 ± 67.4 min. In a typical case, bone union was obtained 1 year after surgery, and we removed all implants.

Conclusions

MIS‐SPF has a strong fixation force and helps reduce fractures' horizontal and vertical planes. In addition, 360° fusion with intraoperative CT navigation may help treat unstable pelvic ring fractures.
Adaptability among inbound tour operators in a disrupted business environment
Authors: Hsu Alex Yang‐chan , King Brian , Wang Dan
Published: March 2023

The acceleration of technological innovations is reshaping service industries, including the travel business. As competitive forces intensify, inbound tour operators face the challenge of adapting to both revolutionary technologies and business model innovations as they develop destination product offerings ushering a smarter tourism ecosystem. This paper explores how inbound tour operating businesses are being impacted by technology‐enabled innovations and proposes strategic responses to the disruptions affecting their businesses. The investigators addressed this gap through immersion in relevant industry communities involving participant observations and in‐depth interviewing. The authors examine prevailing and emerging models of inbound tour operations, drawing upon the service‐dominant logic framework and placing particular emphasis on value propositions. The present study formulates a comprehensive value co‐creation framework encompassing tourism industry stakeholders, which involves assessing their value propositions and creating focused R&D initiatives that are customized to market needs. It is essential to modularize in‐destination services to enable mass customization of travel experiences and to encourage value co‐creation that empowers travelers.
On the inclusiveness of rural road improvement: Evidence from Morocco
Authors: Shimamura Yasuharu , Shimizutani Satoshi , Yamada Eiji , Yamada Hiroyuki
Published: March 2023

This paper explores the heterogeneous impact of a rural road improvement project on the economic activities and living standards of households in Morocco. Road pavement improvements are expected to promote better market access, encourage the transformation of traditional agricultural activities, and create opportunities for new economic activities. However, benefits may not extend evenly across different groups, and the distributional consequences call for careful empirical investigation. We employ a difference‐in‐differences (DID) estimation using a household‐level panel dataset collected under a quasi‐experimental setting in the 2010s. We classify households into three groups based on asset holdings (rich, middle, and poor). We provide several new findings. First, there was no significant transformation of agricultural production or sales for all groups. Second, rich households increased hired agricultural labor and began paid employment while middle households started new family businesses. Poor households, however, did not enjoy these new employment opportunities except for a marginal increase in family businesses. Third, due to shifts in employment, the rural road renewal project improved household consumption 3%–4% annually for rich and middle households, an impact not clearly seen among poor households. Thus, our findings show that the economic benefits of rural road improvement might not be well‐inclusive.
The role of anxiety and depression in suicidal thoughts for autistic and non‐autistic people: A theory‐driven network analysis
Authors: Pelton Mirabel K. , Crawford Hayley , Bul Kim , Robertson Ashley E. , Adams Jon , de Beurs Derek , Rodgers Jacqui , Baron‐Cohen Simon , Cassidy Sarah
Published: March 2023

Background

Autistic adults experience more frequent suicidal thoughts and mental health difficulties than non‐autistic adults, but research has yet to explain how these experiences are connected. This study explored how anxiety and depression contribute to suicidal thoughts according to the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide for autistic and non‐autistic adults.

Methods

Participants (autistic adults n = 463, 61% female; non‐autistic n = 342, 64% female) completed online measures of anxiety, depression, thwarted belonging, and perceived burdensomeness. Network analysis explored whether: (i) being autistic is a risk marker for suicide; and (ii) pathways to suicidal thoughts are consistent for autistic and non‐autistic adults.

Results

Being autistic connected closely with feeling like an outsider, anxiety, and movement, which connected to suicidal thoughts through somatic experiences, low mood, and burdensomeness. Networks were largely consistent for autistic and non‐autistic people, but connections from mood symptoms to somatic and thwarted belonging experiences were absent for autistic adults.

Conclusion

Autistic people experience more life stressors than non‐autistic people leading to reduced coping, low mood, and suicidal thoughts. Promoting belonging, reducing anxiety, and understanding the role of movement could inform suicide prevention for autistic people. Research should accurately capture autistic lived experience when modeling suicide to ensure suicide prevention meets autistic needs.
Relationships between food insecurity, physical activity, detachment from studies, and students' well‐being: A prospective study
Authors: Isoard‐Gautheur Sandrine , Ginoux Clément , Petit Romain , Clavier Viviane , Dias Dulce , Sarrazin Philippe , Couturier Karine
Published: March 2023

Objective

Research on students' well‐being has shown that studies may have an impact on well‐being. However, this relationship is complex and involves many other parameters (e.g., food security and physical activity). Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the relationships between food insecurity (FI), physical activity (PA), and detachment from studies on the one hand, and student well‐being, on the other.

Method

A total of 4410 students (mean age = 21.55, 65 192% female) answered an online survey measuring FI, PA, detachment from studies, anxiety, burnout, depression, and satisfaction with life.

Results

A structural equation model (χ [18] = 585.739, RMSEA = 0.095, 90% CI [0.089; 0.102], comparative fit index [CFI]  = 0.92, NNFI = 0.921) indicated that FI negatively predicted, and that detachment from studies and PA positively predicted, the latent variable of well‐being.

Discussion

The results of the present study highlight that students' well‐being is partly determined by FI, detachment from studies, and PA. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of looking at both the diets of students, as well as the activities and experiences they have outside their studies to gain a better understanding of the factors influencing student well‐being and the action leverages to promote it.
Political support through representation by the government. Evidence from Dutch panel data
Authors: Erhardt Julian
Published: March 2023

Research on political support demonstrates that satisfaction with democracy is higher among electoral winners than losers, and that it is higher for citizens who are ideologically more congruent with the government. In this paper, I analyze how support for the political system is affected by representation by the government. Expanding on previous studies, I leverage long‐run panel data from the Dutch LISS panel spanning over several electoral cycles. Drawing on various measures that go beyond the distinction between election winners and losers and also measure how close citizens are to the government coalition as a whole, I show that being well represented by the government has a wide‐ranging positive relationship with satisfaction with democracy, external efficacy and trust in political institutions. While this relationship is mostly short‐run, political support can decline substantially if non‐representation persists in the long‐run. This highlights the relevance of long‐run panel data for studying the consequences of representation.
Virtual geographic environment‐based integrated rockfall risk simulation method for canyon bridges
Authors: Ding Yulin , Wu Yuting , Zhu Qing , Zhang Liguo , Sun Qianqian , Wang Weixi
Published: March 2023

Bridges located in mountainous areas are vulnerable to rockfall accidents, posing a threat to bridge engineering construction and operation safety in these regions. Under the coupling effect of complex environments and engineering disturbances, integrated rockfall risk simulation has become increasingly important for canyon bridge structural protection in long‐term construction and operation phases. One of the main scientific challenges in rockfall risk simulation is studying the interaction between rockfalls and the topography and engineering environments during consecutive contacts. To systematically simulate the integrated bridge rockfall risk, an integrated construction of multivariable elements coupled with rockfall risk environments and scenarios is required. In this article, we proposed a VGE‐based integrated rockfall scenario simulation method that uses the “associated representation—integrated modelling—interactional simulation” core strategy. Our method constructs a virtual rockfall risk environment by fusing multisource data to represent rockfall factors that induce rockfall disasters, hazard‐forming environments, and elements at risk. We design rockfall scenarios under different bridge engineering construction conditions and extreme environmental conditions to analyze the interactional rockfall risks. The results demonstrate that our method enables a systematic analysis of the potential integrated rockfall risk, providing realistic reference value for the timely and effective disposal of emergencies, and reducing the harm and losses caused by such emergencies.
Comparison of agarose gel and capillary zone electrophoresis methods with preliminary reference interval generation using capillary zone electrophoresis in bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)
Authors: da Fonseca Leandro Abreu , Montiani‐Ferreira Fabiano , Soto Jeny , Jones Michael P. , Zagaya Nancy , Cray Carolyn
Published: March 2023

Background

Electrophoresis can be used to aid in the diagnosis of different diseases in avian species. Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) is an automated method that is proposed to be superior to the dye methods used in agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE). However, reference intervals (RIs) for CZE in avian species and comparison studies between electrophoretic methods are lacking.

Objectives

The goals of the current study were to compare AGE and CZE methods and determine reference intervals for CZE using plasma from bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus).

Methods

Heparinized plasma samples from 44 bald eagles (mean age 18.7 years) under managed care were examined by AGE and CZE. Method comparison analyses were completed, as well as the generation of preliminary RIs using the CZE method and ASVCP guidelines.

Results

Passing‐Bablok regression and Bland–Altman plots demonstrate that these methods are not equivalent. All fractions were significantly correlated between the methods except for alpha 1 globulin. Inter‐assay and intra‐assay CVs for CZE were lower or comparable to AGE and ranged from 2.4% to 15.4%, and 0.8% to 8.3%, respectively. CZE resolved more fractions than AGE with two fractions observed in the beta and gamma region vs one for AGE in each region.

Conclusions

CZE provided improved resolution and reproducibility for the quantitation of protein fractions in the bald eagle. Although most fraction results correlated with AGE, these methods were judged as not equivalent, necessitating method‐specific Rls. Reference intervals generated from a limited number of mostly aged individuals under managed care should be considered preliminary; additional studies will aid in the production of more robust intervals.
Dual effects of extra virgin olive oil in acute wounds
Authors: Donato‐Trancoso Aline , V. de Carvalho Faria Regina , C. de S. Ribeiro Bianca , Nogueira Jeane S. , Atella Geórgia C. , Chen Lin , Romana‐Souza Bruna
Published: March 2023

Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has proved beneficial effects in skin wound healing of chronic lesions; however, the effects of EVOO in acute wounds are not completely understood. This study investigated the effects of short‐term and long‐term administration of a diet rich in EVOO on acute wound healing. To check this, mice were fed with a diet rich in EVOO for 1 week (short term), 1 month, or 3 months (long term). The control group received a standard diet. Mouse macrophages were treated in vitro with EVOO or hydroxytyrosol (HT), which is the main EVOO polyphenol. Short‐term administration of an EVOO rich diet in vivo increased lipid peroxidation and mRNA levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels and impaired acute wound closure. In contrast, long‐term administration of an EVOO rich diet resulted in increased mRNA levels of anti‐inflammatory cytokines and enhanced acute wound closure. In both in vivo and in vitro assays, the administration of EVOO or HT resulted in a predominantly anti‐inflammatory macrophage phenotype. In conclusion, a diet rich in EVOO has a positive effect on acute wound healing that is dependent on the duration of EVOO administration. Short‐term EVOO diet supplementation increases oxidative damage and pro‐inflammatory responses, which impaired acute wound closure. On the other hand, long‐term EVOO supplementation reduces oxidative damage and enhances anti‐inflammatory responses, which improved acute wound closure. The effects of EVOO on oxidation and inflammation in acute wounds are linked to the EVOO polyphenol HT.
A Survey of Different Theories of Translation in Cultural Studies
Authors: Hutauruk Bertaria Sohnata , Fatmawati Endang , Al-Awawdeh Nabil , Oktaviani Reni , Sobirov Bobur , Irawan Bambang
Published: March 2023

The need for translation for communication between speakers of various language groups makes the statement that translation has been around for as long as language itself seem almost obvious. Since translating is such an essential task, many different ideas and theoretical reflections have been developed to help guide the process. The study of translation theory focuses on the processes involved in identifying the categories that underpin translation and the widest possible variety of texts and materials subject to translation. Any background theory of translation concerned with a text's context may include techniques that ought to be taken to solve issues and challenges in specific challenging texts. The purpose of this research is to provide translators with theoretical guidelines for practical translation by conducting a comprehensive survey of the various theories of translation as its primary emphasis and then reporting the findings within the direction of the premises of the theories and the manner in which they have been applied in practical translation. The study adopts a simple qualitative approach in connection with textual analysis. Data was collected through a simple google search of studies in translation theories. The findings of the study provide an indication that seven primary or categorial theories of translation are prevalent in the existing body of research. These theories include the philological theories, the philosophical theories, the linguistic theories, the functional theories (text-type theory, translational action theory, and Skopos theory), the Sociolinguistic theories (Interpretative theory), the Systems theories (Poly-systems theory, manipulation theory, and aesthetic theory), and the Relevance theory of translation. These theories directly underpin different perceptions and procedural systems in conducting practical translation. It was also discovered that implementing different translation strategies and methods is usually premised on the foundations of some theories.
Neuro-Linguistic Programming as an Instructional Strategy to Enhance Foreign Language Teaching
Authors: Purnama Yulian , Sobirov Bobur , Ino La , Handayani Fitriah , Al-Awawdeh Nabil , Safitri Wiena
Published: March 2023

Teachers of foreign languages use various methods and resources to facilitate interaction between themselves and their pupils. Research into the communicative aspects of teaching and learning foreign languages has benefited from recent breakthroughs attributable to the progress made in Neuro-linguistic Programming (NLP). This research delves into using Neuro-linguistic Programming (NLP) in the classroom to better instructors' communicative abilities with their students. This paper concentrates on the implementation of Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) in learning a foreign language. in a bid to discover flaws and issues pertaining to the traditional mechanism of learning. The use of Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) in the teaching of Foreign Language (FL) has a great deal of promise due to the fact that the effectiveness of NLP has been shown by the progress that a number of nations have achieved as a result of its application. A questionnaire was distributed to 150 foreign language instructor who were chosen at random from a variety of high schools. This allowed for the collection of information on teachers' preparedness. The findings of the study revealed that a larger proportion of foreign language instructors possess comparable understanding of NLP. Furthermore, the majority of these instructors demonstrated optimistic reactions and a readiness to utilize NLP in the classroom when instructing students in foreign languages. The level of information that each person had influenced how they thought. Thus, instructors who had a deeper understanding of NLP had a greater interest in and motivation for the application of the theory in foreign language settings. The findings of this research demonstrate how NLP may assist both instructors and students in accomplishing their objectives learning a foreign language.
BCOV invariant and blow-up
Authors: Zhang Yeping
Published: March 2023

Bershadsky, Cecotti, Ooguri and Vafa constructed a real-valued invariant for Calabi–Yau manifolds, which is now called the BCOV invariant. In this paper, we extend the BCOV invariant to such pairs $(X,D)$, where $X$ is a compact Kähler manifold and $D$ is a pluricanonical divisor on $X$ with simple normal crossing support. We also study the behavior of the extended BCOV invariant under blow-ups. The results in this paper lead to a joint work with Fu proving that birational Calabi–Yau manifolds have the same BCOV invariant.
A Modified Peer Instruction Protocol: Peer vs. Teacher’s Instruction
Authors: Lan Boon Leong , Lim Pooi Mee , Ho Patrick W. C.
Published: March 2023

Peer Instruction (PI) was introduced by Mazur to help students learn physics concepts during lectures. Besides physics, PI has also been adopted in other STEM fields. In this approach [Fig. 1(a)], students answer a related question individually after a concept has been presented. Before they revote on the same question individually, they are asked to convince others that their answer is correct during peer discussion. The percentage of correct answers typically increases after peer discussion. However, Smith et al. highlighted that the improvement may be due to copying, not because students actually learned how to reason correctly. To exclude copying, Smith et al. modified Mazur’s PI protocol by adding a second question Q2 after the students revote on the first question Q1 [Fig. 1(b)]. Q2 is “isomorphic” to Q1, meaning that it requires the application of the same concept, but the “cover story” is different. Here, we simplify Smith et al.’s PI protocol by removing the revote on Q1 [Fig. 1(c)]. Moreover, our Q1 and Q2 are similar, i.e., the same except with some information changed. Our PI protocol is thus the same as Mazur’s, except the pre- and post-discussion questions are not exactly the same. We replace PI in our protocol by teacher’s instruction (TI) to compare the effectiveness of PI with TI for a pair of similar questions involving Lenz’s law, using Hake’s normalized gain and a statistical test.
Lessons for Instructor–Student Interactions in Physics from the World of Improvisational Theater
Authors: West Colin G.
Published: March 2023

During my time in graduate school, I was fortunate to spend time working with the Alan Alda Center for Communicating Science at Stony Brook University. The Center’s most notable feature is its use of techniques from improvisational theater (“improv”) to develop scientists’ public communication skills—an approach that has been borne out in several contexts, including mathematics and clinical medicine. The improvisational concepts I learned there and elsewhere have profoundly influenced my approach to interacting with my students. After all, when a student asks a novel question, I do not know where they are coming from nor what preconceived ideas they may bring to the interaction. In this unplanned space, our conversation could easily become a meandering mess, but my goal instead is that it should have certain essential elements that make it complete and conceptually satisfying, like a successful improv scene. In this article, I summarize three basic improv concepts and provide examples of their use in the physics classroom: active listening, the “yes, and …” principle, and the “button.” These principles embody widely studied theories of physics education yet provide succinct, actionable reminders of how to put these theories into practice.
Enterococcal Linear Plasmids Adapt to Enterococcus faecium and Spread within Multidrug-Resistant Clades
Authors: Hashimoto Yusuke , Suzuki Masato , Kobayashi Sae , Hirahara Yuki , Kurushima Jun , Hirakawa Hidetada , Nomura Takahiro , Tanimoto Koichi , Tomita Haruyoshi
Published: March 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of bacterial pathogens, including enterococci, is a global concern, and plasmids are crucial for spreading and maintaining AMR genes. Plasmids with linear topology were identified recently in clinical multidrug-resistant enterococci.
Development and Validation of TaqMan Chemistry Probe-Based Rapid Assay for the Detection of Echinocandin-Resistance in Candida auris
Authors: Zhu YanChun , Hager Kelli M. , Manjari Swati R. , Banavali Nilesh K. , Chaturvedi Vishnu , Chaturvedi Sudha
Published: March 2023

Candida aurisis a multidrug-resistant yeast pathogen causing outbreaks in health care facilities worldwide, and the emergence of echinocandin-resistantC. aurisis a concern. Currently used Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and commercial antifungal susceptibility tests (AFST) are phenotype-based, slow, and not scalable, limiting their effectiveness in the surveillance of echinocandin-resistantC. auris.
Porcine Enteric Alphacoronavirus Entry through Multiple Pathways (Caveolae, Clathrin, and Macropinocytosis) Requires Rab GTPases for Endosomal Transport
Authors: Chen Xiong-nan , Liang Yi-fan , Weng Zhi-jun , Quan Wei-peng , Hu Chen , Peng Yun-zhao , Sun Ying-shuo , Gao Qi , Huang Zhao , Zhang Gui-hong , Gong Lang
Published: March 2023

Emerging and reemerging coronaviruses cause severe human and animal epidemics worldwide. PEAV is the first bat-like coronavirus to cause infection in domestic animals.