bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supply chain integration: a review of enablers, dimensions and performance
Authors: Khanuja Anurodhsingh , Jain Rajesh Kumar
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The conceptualization of integration is built on intra- and inter-organizational relationship to manage the entire supply chain. Despite the growing number of research studies, there is a lack of consensus in current literature to define and conceptualize supply chain integration (SCI) and its drivers. The purpose of this paper is to provide comprehensive views on SCI, thereby contributing to existing literature by providing taxonomy to drivers and sources, dimensions and outcome of SCI.

Design/methodology/approach

The systematic approach to literature review has been adopted to carry out this research. The study cites 154 articles, out of which 110 articles have been thoroughly reviewed, covering drivers and sources of SCI, SCI dimensions and SCI outcome.

Findings

For the conceptualization of SCI dimensions, two major themes have been identified: first, internal integration, customer integration and supplier integration; second, information sharing, process coordination and strategic alliance. The authors also found that desire to improve and environmental factors prompt organizations to integrate with their partners to realize the desired outcome. Additionally, the paper identifies that integration plays a significant role in enhancing performance; nevertheless, maturity of integration may have a direct relationship with performance, and the same has been suggested as propositions for further study.

Research limitations/implications

This paper has taken the systematic perspective to review existing studies and projected propositions, which is entirely based on collective views that may require empirical support.

Originality/value

The paper is a unique contribution that reviews the research articles on SCI systematically. The paper also provides a distinct perspective and food for thought to practitioners, as the proposed framework may serve as a reference point to assess current SCI practices in the organizations.
An investigation on the impact of industrial symbiosis implementation on organizational performance using analytical hierarchical approach
Authors: K.E.K. Vimal , K. Jayakrishna , Ameen Thaha , Afridhi Syed Shoaib , Vasudevan Varadharajan , Sreedharan V. Raja
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Industrial symbiosis (IS) is basically a synergistic association between two or more industries or businesses wherein the waste or by-product of one industry becomes the raw material or immediate material of another industry. IS is believed to bring in significant benefits to the organizations. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the competitiveness attained through IS.

Design/methodology/approach

Analytic hierarchy process was adopted to analyze the various organizational competitiveness of IS implementation. The conceptual model was developed to understand the interrelationship between 14 outcomes and 5 organizational competitiveness which are identified from the literature review. The attainment of these five organizational competitiveness was evaluated by computing the global priority score of the outcomes.

Findings

The global priority score suggests that the organizational collaboration (0.19) is the important output. Further, collective learning and growth (44 percent) have been identified as the important competitiveness attained through the implementation of IS.

Practical implications

The relationship matrix developed can be used by the practicing managers/researchers to understand the various interactions. Thus, systematic decision making and guidance for future implementation studies will be ensured.

Originality/value

In the past, few authors discussed the conceptualization of IS; however, the impact of IS on the organizational performance was not extensively studied. Therefore, a conceptual model was proposed to analyze the attainment of various competitiveness through the participation of industrial symbiosis network. Further, based on the computed scores, the relationship matrix developed between outcomes and organizational competitiveness is one of the significant contributions of this work.
Factors that impact farmers’ engagement in local food brand development
Authors: Tselempis Dimitrios , Karipidis Philippos , Tzimas Dionysios , Karypidou Ioanna
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore farmers’ intentions to engage in food brand development schemes and identify the factors that impact this.

Design/methodology/approach

By assuming the utility maximization behavior of farmers, based on data collected from 539 fruit and vegetable producers, this study estimates an intention to participate and a willingness to pay model.

Findings

Three groups of factors determine the utility the farmers derive and subsequently their engagement in brand development. Farm business characteristics include farmers’ age, the attainment of quality certification and cultivated area, while psychological factors include farmers’ attitudes toward local reflections of the brand, perceptions regarding the need for farm business external support and consumers’ interest, as well as farmers’ commitment to quality requirements. Farmers’ strategies related to the share of products sold by cooperatives and to individually use the brand also determine their engagement in a brand development scheme.

Research limitations/implications

Future research should distinguish producers according to the marketing channel they choose and their industry, and explore the intentions of intermediate marketers.

Practical implications

Marketing cooperatives should undertake initiatives to develop local brands effectively, taking into consideration the factors that impact farmers’ engagement, while food marketing firms should properly adapt their purchasing and promotion strategies. Public authorities should formulate a policy mix that enhances farmers’ knowledge related to marketing issues and encourages farmers to strengthen their positions in the marketplace.

Originality/value

The research reveals a strategic proactive behavior of farmers favoring the development of local brands, and provides insights into the factors that impact farmers’ adoption decisions.
Motivations of tourists in wine regions: the case of La Rioja, Spain
Authors: Vorobiova Natalia , Pinto Patrícia , Pintassilgo Pedro , Lavandoski Joice
Published: December 2019

Purpose

This paper addresses the motivations of tourists who visit the region of La Rioja, Spain, which is well known for its internationally recognized, high-quality wines, yet remains understudied as a wine tourism destination. The paper aims to ascertain whether tourists are attracted to La Rioja because of its famous wines and wine-related activities or if other motivations exist.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were derived from 217 questionnaires regarding tourists’ motivations. A tourist survey was applied in La Rioja’s capital city, Logroño, and segmentation analysis was undertaken. The data were first grouped into five factors regarding motivations for one’s visit. These factors were then used to create two clusters: “wine tourists” and “other tourists”.

Findings

The results enabled us to detect different segments of tourists. The existence of two clusters suggests that tourists are motivated to visit the region for various reasons that are not necessarily wine-related. Thus, the region should be marketed to tourists beyond the theme of wine, as there is a demand for diverse experiences.

Originality/value

Using the push and pull theory, this study contributes to the literature on the profile of visitors to wine tourism destinations by identifying differences in terms of motivations and other personal characteristics between “wine tourists” and the “other tourists”. It also adds to the few existing studies on wine tourism segmentation in Spain through its focus on La Rioja, which is one of the most famous Spanish wine tourism destinations.
Transformational leadership style, followership, and factors of employees’ reactions towards organizational change
Authors: Busari Abdul Halim , Khan Sajjad Nawaz , Abdullah Siti Mariam , Mughal Yasir Hayat
Published: December 2019

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the relationship between transformational leadership style and factors of employees’ reactions towards organizational change in the telecommunication sector of Pakistan. Furthermore, to understand the importance of followership it has been analyzed as a moderating variable in the relationship between transformational leadership style and factors of employees’ reactions.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed methods study design was applied to investigate the factors underlying the phenomenon of transformational leadership and organizational change. A quantitative research design was followed by qualitative research questions to get more in-depth insights into the used relationships. The primary purpose of the qualitative study design was to support and strengthened the results of the main quantitative research design.

Findings

The results of the study showed that transformational leadership style was positively related to all three factors of employees’ reactions (frequency of change, trust in management and employees’ participation) towards organizational change. Moreover, followership has a significant effect on the relationship between transformational leadership style and factors of employees’ reaction.

Practical implications

This study suggests that for successful implementation of change in organizations, the employees play an important role and that managers with transformational leadership behaviour play a critical role in shaping positive change reactions. This study also highlights that both transformational leadership and followership are essential elements in shaping recipients’ reactions, with active followers contributing to the role of leadership in the change process.

Originality/value

This study is the first attempt specifically in Asian context to highlight the role of followership as a moderating variable in leadership theory in the organizational change context.
Tourist loyalty and intangible cultural heritage: the case of Popayán, Colombia
Authors: González Santa Cruz Francisco , Lopez-Guzman Tomas , Pemberthy Gallo Luz Stella , Rodríguez-Gutiérrez Pablo
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the loyalty of the tourists who visit a city with an important heritage event: The Holy Week Processions in the city of Popayán (Colombia), recognised by UNESCO as Intangible Cultural Heritage.

Design/methodology/approach

This research focuses on determining the mediating effect of the perception of the processions and the evaluation of the elements of the destination during a visit to the city by using a sample of 615 tourists. The software tool used in this research is the Smart partial least squares.

Findings

Results show that the motivations of the visitor are not enough by themselves to guarantee loyalty regarding the destination, but other variables are needed such as the perception of the processions and the evaluation of the elements of the destination, through which the motivation acquires a true meaning to secure the tourist’s loyalty.

Practical implications

The principal practical implication of this research is offering to the stakeholders involved in the promotion and organisation of this event an opportunity to undertake and review actions for improvement.

Originality/value

This research seeks to enlighten the interaction between heritage, sustainability and heritage in Latin America.
Extrinsic motivation, workplace learning, employer trust, self-efficacy and cross-cultural adjustment
Authors: Dang Van Thac , Chou Ying-Chyi
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of extrinsic motivation, workplace learning, employer trust and self-efficacy on foreign laborers’ cross-cultural adjustment.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses structural equation modeling to analyze the data from a sample of 258 Vietnamese laborers in Taiwan.

Findings

The results show a significantly positive impact of extrinsic motivation, workplace learning, employer trust and self-efficacy on cross-cultural adjustment.

Originality/value

The findings of this study provide important implications for academic researchers and organizations concerning management and development of successful foreign laborers. From a theoretical aspect, this study shows new evidence on the impacts of extrinsic motivation, workplace learning, employer trust and self-efficacy on foreign laborer cross-cultural adjustment. In addition, this study enriches theories in the field of self-determination motivation, workplace learning, trust and self-efficacy literature. From a practical aspect, this study provides implications for business managers to make better policies in training and managing foreign laborers.
Expanding boundaries in psychiatry: uncertainty in the context of diagnosis‐seeking and negotiation
Authors: Lane Rhiannon
Published: December 2019

Psychiatric diagnosis has become pervasive in modern culture, exerting an increasing influence on notions of personhood, identity practices and forms of self‐governing. The broadening of diagnostic categories and increasing awareness regarding popular diagnostic categories has led to an increased demand for formal diagnosis within clinical encounters. However, there is continuing ‘epistemological uncertainty’ (Fox 2000) surrounding these entities, in part due to their lack of associated clinical biomarkers and their ‘fuzzy boundaries’. Meanwhile, this diagnostic expansion has encountered resistance from those concerned with the alleged ‘over‐pathologisation’ of emotional distress. Drawing upon the concepts of ‘diagnostic cultures’ (Brinkmann 2016) and the ‘looping effects of human kinds’ (Hacking 1995), this article considers some of the competing forces acting upon the contested boundaries of diagnostic categories as they play out within diagnostic interactions. The study involved ethnographic observations of diagnostic encounters within several UK‐based mental health clinics. By focusing on interactions where diagnosis is negotiated, findings illustrate the role played by different kinds of diagnostic uncertainty in shaping these negotiations. It is argued that diagnostic reification plays a key role in the moral categorisation of patients, particularly where there is uncertainty regarding individual diagnostic status.
Empowered and enraged: Political efficacy, anger and support for populism in Europe
Authors: RICO GUILLEM , GUINJOAN MARC , ANDUIZA EVA
Published: December 2019

This article addresses the psychological dynamics between internal political efficacy, emotions and support for populism. Contrary to the extended idea that populism is associated with low levels of political competence, it is argued that individuals’ self‐competence beliefs enhance populist attitudes. Individuals who conceive themselves as able to understand and participate effectively in politics are more critical towards politicians and more prone to consider that citizens could do a better job. The article also hypothesises that internal efficacy enhances the likelihood of experiencing anger, which in turn promotes populist attitudes. Experimental and comparative observational evidence shows robust direct effects of internal efficacy over populism, as well as a smaller indirect impact via feelings of anger. These findings raise important questions regarding the nature of populism and how to fight it in our emancipated and information‐intensive democratic systems.
The Land Use Impacts of the EU Biodiesel Policy: Assessing the Direct, Indirect and Induced Effects
Authors: Gohin Alexandre
Published: December 2019

This paper deals with the controversial measure of indirect land use changes of the European biodiesel policy. Two studies sponsored by the European Commission find significant, but contrasted, land use impacts for the different vegetable oils used for biodiesel production. The first study uses an aggregate computable general equilibrium model capturing direct, indirect and induced effects. The second more recent study uses a biotechnical partial equilibrium model providing a detailed representation of the indirect effects occurring through the livestock sectors. We develop an original economic emulator to understand the diverging key results of these studies and test their sensitivity. We find that the direct and indirect effects on vegetable oil and land markets explain most of the differences. We also find that indirect effects on the feed markets and the induced effects have less influence on the biodiesel results. We finally argue that the development of emulators as done here can help to understand complex policy assessments.
Application of extrusion technology in plant food processing byproducts: An overview
Authors: Leonard William , Zhang Pangzhen , Ying Danyang , Fang Zhongxiang
Published: December 2019

The food processing industry generates an immense amount of waste, which leads to major concerns for its environmental impact. However, most of these wastes, such as plant‐derived byproducts, are still nutritionally adequate for use in food manufacturing. Extrusion is one of the most versatile and commercially successful processing technologies, with its widespread applications in the production of pasta, snacks, crackers, and meat analogues. It allows a high degree of user control over the processing parameters that significantly alters the quality of final products. This review features the past research on manufacture of extruded foods with integration of various plant food processing byproducts. The impact of extrusion parameters and adding various byproducts on the nutritional, physicochemical, sensory, and microbiological properties of food products are comprehensively discussed. This paper also provides fundamental knowledge and practical techniques for food manufacturers and researchers on the extrusion processing of plant food byproducts, which may increase economical return to the industry and reduce the environmental impact.
Effect of climate change on the potential distribution of the common cutworm (Spodoptera litura) in South Korea
Authors: Jung Jae‐Min , Byeon Dae‐hyeon , Jung Sunghoon , Lee Wang‐Hee
Published: December 2019

Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), known as common cutworm, is a worldwide pest that causes severe damage to various crops and vegetables in South Korea. In this study, we predicted the potential distribution of S. litura in South Korea in a climate change scenario by applying species distribution modeling. We used the CLIMEX software as a main tool and determined optimal parameter values to simulate the current distribution of S. litura in Asia. We then used these parameter values to predict the species' future distribution in South Korea. As a result, we prepared maps indicating areas with suitable climate for S. litura and showed that these areas gradually increased as a result of climate change. Approximately 98% of the areas in South Korea were predicted to have a favorable climate for S. litura in 2100; 63.2% of the area in South Korea is currently favorable. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to predict the potential distribution of S. litura in South Korea, and it provides the basic data necessary to establish an optimal control strategy of this species.
Clinical manifestation and management of immune checkpoint inhibitor‐associated cardiotoxicity
Authors: Guo Xiaoxiao , Wang Hanping , Zhou Jiaxin , Li Yue , Duan Lian , Si Xiaoyan , Zhang Li , Fang Ligang , Zhang Li
Published: December 2019

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed death‐1 (PD‐1), its ligand (PD‐L1), and cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) have revolutionized cancer treatment by recovering the attack of T lymphocytes on the malignant cells. They have improved clinical outcomes dramatically in multiple types of advanced‐stage malignancies. Even though the tolerance and safety profiles are generally good, it has been widely reported that ICIs can cause severe or fatal immune‐related adverse events (irAEs), since the activated T lymphocytes are not specific for tumor cells. Cardiac irAEs appear to occur less frequently than irAEs in other organ systems but are notorious for high mortality. Here, we aim to identify and characterize the ICI‐associated cardiotoxicity and summarize the optional diagnosis and treatment strategies.
Corporate hub as a governance structure for coupled open innovation in large firms
Authors: Remneland Wikhamn Björn , Styhre Alexander
Published: December 2019

This paper addresses how the open innovation concept can be applied in large corporations aiming to work with small innovative firms. More specifically, we report an in‐depth qualitative study of how AstraZeneca, a global bio‐pharmaceutical corporation, designed and enacted a new mode of organizing for coupled open innovation, with an initiative called the BioVentureHub. The governance structure behind this way of organizing is explored and conceptualized, and we also analyse how this structure shaped the relations and the value being collaboratively generated and shared. Theoretically, the paper connects the governance literature with open innovation. From the analysis of the empirical case, we propose a distinct governance structure that we label as a corporate hub, and we distinguish it from other “open” governance forms, e.g. market, network and bazaar governance, and explain the potential value it brings for coupled open innovation between large and small firms.
Abemaciclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, exerts preclinical activity against aggressive germinal center‐derived B‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Tanaka Yuka , Momose Shuji , Tabayashi Takayuki , Sawada Keisuke , Yamashita Takahisa , Higashi Morihiro , Sagawa Morihiko , Tokuhira Michihide , Rosenwald Andreas , Kizaki Masahiro , Tamaru Jun‐ichi
Published: December 2019

The revised WHO classification newly defined the entities “High‐grade B‐cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2, and/or BCL6 rearrangements (HGBL‐DH/TH)” and “HGBL, NOS.” Standard immunochemotherapy for diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), R‐CHOP, is insufficient for HGBL patients, and there are currently no optimized therapeutic regimens for HGBL. We previously reported that CCND3, which encodes cyclin D3, harbored high mutation rates in Burkitt lymphoma (BL), HGBL and a subset of DLBCL. Furthermore, the knockdown of cyclin D3 expression was toxic to germinal center (GC)‐derived B‐cell lymphomas. Thus, the fundamental function of cyclin D3 is important for the pathogenesis of GC‐derived B‐cell lymphoma. We herein used two structurally different CDK4/6 inhibitors, palbociclib and abemaciclib, and examined their suppressive effects on cell proliferation and their ability to induce apoptosis in various aggressive B‐cell lymphoma cell lines. The results obtained demonstrated that abemaciclib more strongly suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in GC‐derived B‐cell lymphoma cell lines than the control, but only slightly inhibited those features in activated B‐cell (ABC)‐like DLBCL cell lines. Palbociclib exerted partial or incomplete effects compared with the control and the effect was intermediate between abemaciclib and the control. Moreover, the effects of abemaciclib appeared to depend on cyclin D3 expression levels based on the results of the expression analysis of primary aggressive B‐cell lymphoma samples. Therefore, abemaciclib has potential as a therapeutic agent for aggressive GC‐derived B‐cell lymphomas.
YES1 activation induces acquired resistance to neratinib in HER2‐amplified breast and lung cancers
Authors: Takeda Tatsuaki , Yamamoto Hiromasa , Suzawa Ken , Tomida Shuta , Miyauchi Shunsaku , Araki Kota , Nakata Kentaro , Miura Akihiro , Namba Kei , Shien Kazuhiko , Soh Junichi , Shien Tadahiko , Kitamura Yoshihisa , Sendo Toshiaki , Toyooka Shinichi
Published: December 2019

Molecular‐targeted therapies directed against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are evolving for various cancers. Neratinib is an irreversible pan‐HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor and has been approved by the FDA as an effective drug for HER2‐positive breast cancer. However, acquired resistance of various cancers to molecular‐targeted drugs is an issue of clinical concern, and emergence of resistance to neratinib is also considered inevitable. In this study, we established various types of neratinib‐resistant cell lines from HER2‐amplified breast and lung cancer cell lines using several drug exposure conditions. We analyzed the mechanisms of emergence of the resistance in these cell lines and explored effective strategies to overcome the resistance. Our results revealed that amplification of YES1, which is a member of the SRC family, was amplified in two neratinib‐resistant breast cancer cell lines and one lung cancer cell line. Knockdown of YES1 by siRNA and pharmacological inhibition of YES1 by dasatinib restored the sensitivity of the YES1‐amplified cell lines to neratinib in vitro. Combined treatment with dasatinib and neratinib inhibited tumor growth in vivo. This combination also induced downregulation of signaling molecules such as HER2, AKT and MAPK. Our current results indicate that YES1 plays an important role in the emergence of resistance to HER2‐targeted drugs, and that dasatinib enables such acquired resistance to neratinib to be overcome.
Long‐term outcomes of the implants accidentally protruding into nasal cavity extended to posterior maxilla due to inferior meatus pneumatization
Authors: Park Won‐Bae , Kim Young‐Jin , Kang Kyung Lhi , Lim Hyun‐Chang , Han Ji‐Young
Published: December 2019

Background

There is limited information about inferior meatus pneumatization in terms of implant treatment for the posterior maxilla.

Purpose

To demonstrate the clinical, radiologic, and nasal endoscopic outcomes of implants accidentally protruding into the nasal cavities with inferior meatus pneumatization in the posterior maxilla.

Materials and Methods

A total of 560 implants (324 patients) with transcrestal sinus augmentation in the posterior maxilla were screened. On panoramic radiographs, 132 implants (78 patients) appear to penetrate the sinus floor, but cone‐beam computed tomography demonstrated that 26 implants (13 patients) penetrated the nasal floor due to inferior meatus pneumatization. Width of nasal and sinus cavities and extent of penetration were radiographically measured. Nasal endoscopy was performed.

Results

Two implants were lost during 13.81 ± 5.40 years due to peri‐implantitis. However, no nasosinusal problem occurred in any patient. The nasal cavity was significantly larger in patients with implants penetrating the pneumatized inferior meatus than in those with implants penetrating the sinus floor (P< .05). Nasal endoscopy demonstrated that the apical portion of the implants was covered with thin mucosa without inflammation.

Conclusion

Implants accidentally penetrating the pneumatized inferior meatus demonstrated high survival with no specific nasosinusal complications. Inferior meatus pneumatization should be considered for implant treatment in the posterior maxilla.
Green synthesis of reactive dye for ink‐jet printing
Authors: Faisal Saira , Lin Long
Published: December 2019

Chloropyrimidine‐based reactive dyes are reported as well suited to textile printing; however, nucleophilic aromatic substitution of chloropyrimidines with amino‐containing chromophores is slow and often suffers from poor yields. In this study, a novel and simple method was developed for the synthesis of chloropyrimidine‐based reactive dye under microwave irradiation. In addition, the dye was also synthesised by conventional heating for comparison, which took both the reaction time and yield into account. The progress of the synthesis reactions concerned were monitored using capillary electrophoresis and the purity of the dye obtained was assessed by thin‐layer chromatography. The structure of the synthesised trichloropyrimidine dye was confirmed by Fourier Transform–infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. It was found that the reaction rate of the nucleophilic aromatic substitution carried out under microwave irradiation was 4‐fold faster than that carried out under conventional heating, although the enhancement in product yield was modest. These results suggest that microwave irradiation is an effective technique for the synthesis of chloropyrimidine‐based reactive dyes. The synthesised chloropyrimidine dye was formulated into an ink and applied onto a wool fabric by ink‐jet printing. The printed fabrics were steamed at 102°C for 5‐25 minutes at 5‐minute intervals. Good K/S and rate of dye fixation were obtained, both of which improved with increasing steaming time. The prints obtained exhibited reasonably good light and wash fastness properties.
UNSCRIPTED DRAMA: SOCCER AUDIENCE RESPONSE TO SUSPENSE, SURPRISE, AND SHOCK
Authors: Buraimo Babatunde , Forrest David , McHale Ian G. , Tena J.D.
Published: December 2019

By modeling minute‐by‐minute television audience figures from English Premier League soccer matches, with close to 50,000 minute‐observations, we show that demand is partly driven by suspense and surprise. We also identify an additional relevant factor of appeal to audiences, namely shock, which refers to the difference between pre‐match and current game outcome probabilities. Suspense, surprise, and shock remain significant in the presence of a traditional measure of outcome uncertainty. (JEL C23, D12, L82, L83, Z20)
Diagnosis of pyridoxine‐dependent epilepsy in an adult presenting with recurrent status epilepticus
Authors: Osman Chinar , Foulds Nicola , Hunt David , Jade Edwards Casidhe , Prevett Martin
Published: December 2019

Pyridoxine‐dependent epilepsy (PDE) is a genetic metabolic disease caused by inborn errors affecting vitamin B6 metabolism, which typically presents with neonatal seizures resistant to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Treatment with pyridoxine terminates seizures and prevents neurological decline. We describe a case in which the diagnosis was established at the age of 22 years. Birth and development were normal, but there was a history of three isolated tonic‐clonic seizures during childhood and adolescence. At the age of 18 years, she developed frequent focal motor seizures, many evolving into tonic‐clonic seizures. Electroencephalography identified a focus in the posterior right hemisphere, but magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was normal. Over the next 3 years, she was hospitalized with uncontrolled seizures on six occasions and spent a total of 121 days in intensive care. The seizures proved resistant to 12 different AEDs. Exome sequencing revealed two pathogenic mutations in ALDH7A1. Since starting on pyridoxine 50 mg once daily, she has been seizure‐free, all AEDs have been withdrawn, and cognition has improved to premorbid levels. This case illustrates the importance of considering PDE in drug‐resistant epilepsy in adults.
Effect of multiaxial stress state on creep damage in ASME T92 welded joint
Authors: Wang Xiao , Wang Xue , Wang Chuang , Zhang Ya‐Lin , Huang Qiao‐Sheng
Published: December 2019

This study reports the type IV fracture process and the influence of multiaxial stress state in ASME T92 welded joints during creep. The type IV fracture occurs at the fine‐grained heat‐affected zone (ie, FGHAZ), involving void initiation, growth, and coalescence, microcrack occurrence, propagation and extension, and eventual macrocrack with consequent joint failure. The creep damage is not uniformly distributed along the thickness direction in the FGHAZ, and the central part of the welded joint is the most seriously damaged region. The equivalent creep strain is higher at the external surface, but the stress triaxiality is larger in the centre section. Large equivalent creep strain could promote creep void initiation, whereas high hydrostatic pressure and stress triaxiality factor accelerate void growth in the FGHAZ of T92 joints. Besides, reducing groove angle and HAZ width of the joints is recommended to delay the occurrence of type IV cracking because of lower equivalent creep strain and stress triaxiality factor.
Maintaining historic disturbance regimes increases species' resilience to catastrophic hurricanes
Authors: Henry Erica H. , Burford Reiskind Martha O. , Land Aerin D. , Haddad Nick M.
Published: December 2019

As habitat loss and fragmentation, urbanization, and global climate change accelerate, conservation of rare ecosystems increasingly relies on human intervention. However, any conservation strategy is vulnerable to unpredictable, catastrophic events. Whether active management increases or decreases a system's resilience to these events remains unknown. Following Hurricane Irma's landfall in our habitat restoration study sites, we found that rare ecosystems with active, human‐imposed management suffered less damage in a hurricane's path than unmanaged systems. At the center of Irma's landfall, we found Croton linearis' (a locally rare plant that is the sole host for two endangered butterfly species) survival and population growth rates in the year of the hurricane were higher in previously managed plots than in un‐managed controls. In the periphery of Irma's circulation, the effect of prior management was stronger than that of the hurricane. Maintaining the historical disturbance regime thus increased the resilience of the population to major hurricane disturbance. As climate change increases the probability and intensity of severe hurricanes, human management of disturbance‐adapted landscapes will become increasingly important for maintaining populations of threatened species in a storm's path. Doing nothing will accelerate extinction.
Non‐destructive prediction of forage crop moisture contents using microwave transmitted signals with a microstrip transmission line sensor
Authors: Matsuo Morinobu , Osada Akira , Kon Seitaro
Published: December 2019

This paper describes a non‐destructive method for using microwave transmitted signals to measure the moisture content of silage wrapped with plastic films. To collect measurements by a vector network analyzer, each bag of silage was placed on a microstrip transmission line without destruction of the films. Both rye and corn were tested. Significant linear relationships between the amplitude change (ΔA) and phase shift (Δφ) were obtained except for with fully dried corn, and the corresponding R2 values between ΔA and Δφ were 0.8 or greater. The slopes, which represent the ratio of phase shift to amplitude change (Δφ–ΔA ratio), depended on the frequency and moisture content. R2 values between the Δφ–ΔA ratio and moisture content of rye and corn were greater than 0.8 at the frequency of 3.6 GHz or above except for with fully dried corn samples. At 3.6 GHz, significant linear relationships between the Δφ–ΔA ratio and moisture content were obtained for rye and corn. Furthermore, the slope and intercept of the linear regression line between the Δφ–ΔA ratio and moisture content of rye were not significantly different from those of corn. These results illustrate the potential of the non‐destructive moisture content measurement method with microwave transmitted signals for silage materials with high moisture contents.
Cardiovascular disease risk and its determinants in people living with HIV across different settings in South Africa
Authors: Roozen G V T , Vos A G , Tempelman H A , Venter W D F , Grobbee D E , Scheuermaier K , Klipstein‐Grobusch K
Published: December 2019

Objectives

Socio‐economic factors and lifestyle are known to differ across geographies and populations, which may result in distinct risk profiles for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study assessed carotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT), a proxy for CVD, and its determinants in two groups of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in two different settings in South Africa.

Methods

A cross‐sectional analysis was conducted comparing data from the Ndlovu Cohort Study in the Limpopo Province (group 1) and from three clinical trials in Johannesburg (group 2). The association between demographics, conventional CVD risk factors, HIV‐related factors and CIMT in groups 1 and 2 was analysed with two separate multivariable linear regression models.

Results

Group 1 consisted of 826 participants (mean age 42.2 years) and mean (± standard deviation) CIMT was 0.626 ± 0.128 mm. In this group, sex, age, body mass index (BMI), cholesterol, glucose and antiretroviral therapy (ART) duration (β = 0.011 mm per 5 years; P = 0.02) were associated with higher CIMT. There were positive interactions between age and ART duration and age and cholesterol. Group 2 consisted of 382 participants (mean age 39.5 years) and mean (± standard deviation) CIMT was 0.560 ± 0.092 mm. In this group, only sex, education level, BMI and cholesterol were associated with higher CIMT, albeit with weaker associations than in group 1.

Conclusions

Conventional CVD risk factors were the main drivers of CIMT. The impact of some of these risk factors appeared to increase with age. Differences in sample size, age and viral suppression might explain why an effect of ART was observed in group 1 but not in group 2.
Distribution of ductile deformation around the Main Central Thrust zone at the frontal part of nappe in southeastern Nepal Himalaya
Authors: Sato Katsushi , Sakai Harutaka , Kawakami Tetsuo
Published: December 2019

A geological survey and morphological analysis of quartz grains were performed to investigate the distribution of ductile deformation caused by the Himalayan Main Central Thrust (MCT) around Dhankuta, southeastern Nepal. The MCT was mapped as the lithological boundary between the gneiss of the Higher Himalayan Crystalline (HHC) as the hanging wall and the inverted metamorphic sequence of the Lesser Himalayan Sediments (LHS) as the footwall. The MCT was found to truncate various stratigraphic levels of LHS and cuts a map‐scale gentle fold developed in the LHS. Ductile deformation was quantified by fractal dimension between size and perimeter of dynamically recrystallized quartz grains in bedded metaquartzite intercalated in both HHC and LHS. Serrate and polygonal shapes of quartz indicate large and small strain rates, respectively, when the temperature during ductile deformation was assumed to be uniform. A peak of strain rate was found at the lithological boundary with the peak width of ca. 500 m. Such a thin shear zone is favorable for producing frictional heat to promote the inverted metamorphism in LHS.
First mover advantage by product proliferation in multiproduct duopoly
Authors: Cheng Yi‐Ling , Tabuchi Takatoshi
Published: December 2019

This study aims to show that the product proliferation strategy in multi‐product duopoly is first‐mover advantage. We consider simultaneous and Stackelberg variety competitions. A firm producing more varieties charges a higher price, produces larger total quantities, and earns higher total revenue. When firms sequentially choose the masses of varieties and then simultaneously decide prices, the leader produces more varieties and enjoys first‐mover advantage. The masses of varieties can be regarded as strategic substitutes in the same way that quantities are. Finally, the market is likely to provide too few varieties relative to the social optimum.
Application of the novel Droplet digital PCR technology for identification of meat species
Authors: Basanisi Maria Grazia , La Bella Gianfranco , Nobili Gaia , Coppola Rosa , Damato Annita Maria , Cafiero Maria Assunta , La Salandra Giovanna
Published: December 2019

The authenticity and traceability of meat products are issues of primary importance to ensure food safety. Unfortunately, food adulteration (e.g. the addition of inexpensive cuts to minced meat products) and mislabelling (e.g. the inclusion of meat from species other than those declared) happens frequently worldwide. The aim of this study was to apply a droplet digital PCR assay for the detection and quantification (copies μL−1) of the beef, pork, horse, sheep, chicken and turkey in meat products. The analysis conducted on commercial meat showed the presence of traces of DNA from other animal species than those declared. We show that the method is highly sensitive, specific and accurate (accuracy = 100%). This method could be adopted by competent food safety authorities to verify compliance with the labelling of meat products and to ensure quality and safety throughout the meat supply chain, from primary production to consumption.
Nurse staffing, nurses prioritization, missed care, quality of nursing care, and nurse outcomes
Authors: Cho Sung‐Hyun , Lee Ji‐Yun , You Sun Ju , Song Kyung Ja , Hong Kyung Jin
Published: December 2019

Aim

To examine the relationships among nurse staffing, nurses prioritization of nursing activities, missed care, quality of nursing care, and nurse outcomes.

Background

Inadequate staffing is associated with increased missed care, which threatens the quality of care and nurse outcomes.

Methods

The study sample included 2114 staff nurses from 156 medical or surgical units of 49 general hospitals who had participated in a cross‐sectional survey conducted in 2015. Nurse staffing was measured using the patient‐to‐nurse ratio and perceived staffing adequacy. The Missed Nursing Care Survey was used to measure how frequently nurses had missed each of 24 activities. Multilevel regression analyses were employed to examine the relationships among variables.

Results

The prevalence of missed care differed by nursing activity. Poorer staffing was associated with an increased number of missed activities. A higher number of missed activities and poorer staffing were associated with poorer patient safety, quality of nursing care and job satisfaction, and a higher intent to leave. Nurses gave the highest priority to focused patient reassessments, timely medications, and patient teaching, under hypothetical conditions of improved staffing.

Conclusion

Adequate staffing is required to reduce missed care and to improve quality of care and nurse outcomes.
Patient education materials on pressure injury prevention in hospitals and health services in Victoria, Australia: Availability and content analysis
Authors: Team Victoria , Bouguettaya Ayoub , Richards Catelyn , Turnour Louise , Jones Angela , Teede Helena , Weller Carolina D.
Published: December 2019

Pressure injuries (PIs) are a common quality indicator for hospital care, and preventing PIs often requires patient engagement; as such, Australian consensus research has recommended that high‐quality education materials be made to patients for PIs via hospital networks. The purpose of the present study was to assess the availability and accuracy of patient education materials on PIs in publicly available hospital websites in Victoria, Australia. Two independent coders assessed 212 websites for content on PI prevention and management, analysing availability and accuracy of PI definitions, risk factors, preventive strategies, referral, visual tools, consumer endorsement, information for family/carers, and translation on community languages. A greater proportion of hospitals did not have any patient education materials on PI prevention publicly available, with private hospitals (compared with public) and metropolitan hospitals (compared to rural) more likely to have materials available on their sites. The available materials contained accurate messages on PI defining characteristics and risk factors for PIs, although there was considerable variability on the availability of other information. Our findings suggest a significant deficit in the availability of educational materials for acute care patients and their families. There is a need for evidence‐based, consumer‐endorsed, uniform materials on all hospital websites to prevent PIs in acute care.
Incidence and risk factors for medical device‐related pressure ulcers: The first report in this regard in Iran
Authors: Rashvand Farnoosh , Shamekhi Lida , Rafiei Hossein , Nosrataghaei Mohammad
Published: December 2019

Few studies, especially among developing countries such as Iran, have been conducted on the incidence and risk factors for medical device‐related pressure ulcers (MDRPUs). Given the importance of this issue and the lack of previous studies, the present study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors for MDRPUs in Iran. The present descriptive‐analytical study was conducted at three hospitals in Qazvin, Iran, from June 1, 2019, to September 1, 2019. Data collection took approximately 3 months from July to September 2019. Sampling was carried out through a convenience sampling method, and the samples consisted of 404 patients. For data collection, a checklist for demographic variables, a checklist for patient‐connected medical devices, Braden Scale, Glasgow Coma Scale, National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel Pressure Grading Scale, and Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 were used. Of the 404 patients studied, 20.54% (n = 83) developed some degree of MDRPUs. From those, 61 (70.11%) were in stage I, 17 (19.5%) were in stage II, and 9 (10.34%) were in stage III. Among the nine medical devices that caused pressure ulcers, the most commonly reported ones were nasal oxygen tubes (31 cases), oxygen face masks (23 cases), and endotracheal tubes (17 cases). The mean score of Braden Scale (P = .004), the mean score of NRS 2002 (P = .037), older age (P = .007), male gender (P = .002), the average length of stay in hospitals (P = .001), and having pressure ulcers in body (P = .025) significantly increased the possibility of occurring MDRPUs. In the present study, the incidence of MDRPUs was high. Taking the necessary measures into consideration in order to prevent the MDRPUs is essential in Iranian hospitals. Further studies in this regard are strongly recommended.
Modeling of thermo‐viscoelastic material behavior of glass over a wide temperature range in glass compression molding
Authors: Vu Anh Tuan , Vu Anh Ngoc , Grunwald Tim , Bergs Thomas
Published: December 2019

In glass compression molding, most current modeling approaches of temperature‐dependent viscoelastic behavior of glass materials are restricted to thermo‐rheologically simple assumption. This research conducts a detailed study and demonstrates that this assumption, however, is not adequate for glass molding simulations over a wide range of molding temperatures. In this paper, we introduce a new method that eliminates the prerequisite of relaxation functions and shift factors for modeling of the thermo‐viscoelastic material behavior. More specifically, the temperature effect is directly incorporated into each parameter of the mechanical model. The mechanical model parameters are derived from creep displacements using uniaxial compression experiments. Validations of the proposed method are conducted for three different glass categories, including borosilicate, aluminosilicate, and chalcogenide glasses. Excellent agreement between the creep experiments and simulation results is found in all glasses over long pressing time up to 900 seconds and a large temperature range that corresponds to the glass viscosity of log (η) = 9.5 – 6.8 Pas. The method eventually promises an enhancement of the glass molding simulation.