bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of present and future aircraft NOx and aerosol emissions on atmospheric composition and associated direct radiative forcing of climate
Authors: Terrenoire Etienne , Hauglustaine Didier A. , Cohen Yann , Cozic Anne , Valorso Richard , Lefèvre Franck , Matthes Sigrun
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Aviation NOx emissions not only have an impact on global climate by
changing ozone and methane levels but also contribute to the deterioration of local air quality. A new version of the LMDZ-INCA global model, including chemistry of both the troposphere and the stratosphere and the sulfate-nitrate-ammonium cycle, is applied to re-evaluate the impact of aircraft NOx and aerosol emissions on climate. The results confirm that the efficiency of NOx to produce ozone is very much dependent on the injection height; it increases with the background methane and NOx concentrations and with decreasing aircraft NOx emissions. The methane lifetime variation is less sensitive to the location of aircraft NOx emissions than the ozone change. The net NOx radiative forcing (RF) (O3+CH4) is largely affected by the revised CH4 RF formula. The ozone positive forcing and the methane negative forcing largely offset each other, resulting in a slightly positive forcing for the present day. However, in the future, the net forcing turns to negative, essentially due to higher methane background concentrations. Additional RFs involving particle formation arise from aircraft NOx emissions since the increased hydroxyl radical (OH) concentrations are responsible for an enhanced conversion of SO2 to sulfate particles. Aircraft NOx emissions also increase the formation of nitrate particles in the lower troposphere. However, in the upper troposphere, increased sulfate concentrations favour the titration of ammonia leading to lower ammonium nitrate concentrations. The climate forcing of aircraft NOx emissions is likely to be small or even switch to negative (cooling), depending on atmospheric NOx or CH4 future background concentrations, or when the NOx impact on sulfate and nitrate particles is considered. However, large uncertainties remain for the NOx net impact on climate and in particular on the indirect forcings associated with aerosols, which are even more uncertain than the other forcings from gaseous species. Hence, additional studies with a range of models are needed to provide a more consolidated view. Nevertheless, our results suggest that reducing aircraft NOx emissions is primarily beneficial for improving air quality.
Identification of smoke and sulfuric acid aerosol in SAGE III/ISS extinction spectra
Authors: Knepp Travis N. , Thomason Larry , Kovilakam Mahesh , Tackett Jason , Kar Jayanta , Damadeo Robert , Flittner David
Published: September 2022

Abstract. We developed a technique to classify the composition of enhanced aerosol
layers as either smoke or sulfuric acid aerosol using extinction spectra
from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III instrument aboard the International Space
Station (SAGE III/ISS). This method takes advantage of the
different spectral properties of smoke and sulfuric acid aerosol, which is
manifest in distinctly different spectral slopes in the SAGE III/ISS data.
Herein we demonstrate the utility of this method and present an evaluation
of its performance using four case-study events of two moderate volcanic
eruptions (2018 Ambae eruption and 2019 Ulawun eruption, both of which released
<0.5 Tg of SO2) and two large wildfire events (2017 Canadian
pyroCb and 2020 Australian pyroCb). We provide corroborative data from the
Cloud–Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) instrument to support these classifications. This method correctly
classified smoke and sulfuric acid plumes in the case-study events >81 %
and >99.5 % of the time, respectively. The application of this method to
a large volcanic event (i.e., the 2019 Raikoke eruption; ≥1.5 Tg SO2) serves as an example of why this method is limited to
small and moderate volcanic events as it incorrectly classified Raikoke's larger
sulfuric acid particles as smoke. We evaluated the possibility of smoke
being present in the stratosphere before and after the Raikoke eruption.
While smoke was present during this time period it was insufficient to
account for the magnitude of smoke classifications we observed. Therefore,
while this method worked well for large-scale wildfire events and eruptions
that inject less SO2, the size of the aerosol created by the
Raikoke eruption was outside the applicable range of this method.
RavenR v2.1.4: an open-source R package to support flexible hydrologic modelling
Authors: Chlumsky Robert , Craig James R. , Lin Simon G. M. , Grass Sarah , Scantlebury Leland , Brown Genevieve , Arabzadeh Rezgar
Published: September 2022

Abstract. In recent decades, advances in the flexibility and complexity of hydrologic models have enhanced their utility in scientific studies and practice alike. However, the increasing complexity of these tools leads to a number of challenges, including steep learning curves for new users and issues regarding the reproducibility of modelling studies. Here, we present the RavenR package, an R package that leverages the power of scripting to both enhance the usability of the Raven hydrologic modelling framework and provide complementary analyses that are useful for modellers. The RavenR package contains functions that may be useful in each step of the model-building process, particularly for preparing input files and analyzing model outputs. The utility of the RavenR package is demonstrated with the presentation of six use cases for a model of the Liard River basin in Canada. These use cases provide examples of visually reviewing the model configuration, preparing input files for observation and forcing data, simplifying the model discretization, performing realism checks on the model output, and evaluating the performance of the model. All of the use cases are fully reproducible, with additional reproducible examples of RavenR functions included with the package distribution itself. It is anticipated that the RavenR package will continue to evolve with the Raven project and will provide a useful tool to new and experienced users of Raven alike.
Evaluation of water flux predictive models developed using eddy-covariance observations and machine learning: a meta-analysis
Authors: Shi Haiyang , Luo Geping , Hellwich Olaf , Xie Mingjuan , Zhang Chen , Zhang Yu , Wang Yuangang , Yuan Xiuliang , Ma Xiaofei , Zhang Wenqiang , Kurban Alishir , De Maeyer Philippe , Van de Voorde Tim
Published: September 2022

Abstract. With the rapid accumulation of water flux observations from global
eddy-covariance flux sites, many studies have used data-driven approaches to
model water fluxes, with various predictors and machine learning algorithms
used. However, it is unclear how various model features affect prediction
accuracy. To fill this gap, we evaluated this issue based on records of 139
developed models collected from 32 such studies. Support vector machines (SVMs; average R-squared = 0.82) and RF (random forest; average R-squared = 0.81) outperformed other evaluated
algorithms with sufficient sample size in both cross-study and intra-study
(with the same data) comparisons. The average accuracy of the model applied
to arid regions is higher than in other climate types. The average accuracy
of the model was slightly lower for forest sites (average R-squared = 0.76) than for croplands and grasslands (average R-squared = 0.8 and
0.79) but higher than for shrubland sites (average R-squared = 0.67).
Using Rn/Rs, precipitation, Ta, and the fraction
of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR) improved the model accuracy. The
combined use of Ta and Rn/Rs is very effective, especially in forests, while
in grasslands the combination of Ws and Rn/Rs is also effective. Random
cross-validation showed higher model accuracy than spatial cross-validation
and temporal cross-validation, but spatial cross-validation is more
important in spatial extrapolation. The findings of this study are promising
to guide future research on such machine-learning-based modeling.
Las tomas de posesión autonómicas en la prensa nacional. Análisis del tratamiento informativo y la representación de las comunidades autónomas en ABC y El País.
Authors: Domínguez García Ricardo , García Gordillo María del Mar , Pérez Curiel Concha
Published: September 2022

El principal objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el papel que juegan las diferentes comunidades autónomas españolas en el debate mediático nacional. Se toma como referencia la ceremonia de toma de posesión de los presidentes regionales, un acto con una gran trascendencia institucional y política para cada territorio. El análisis de contenido del impacto de las 207 ceremonias de toma de posesión de los 107 presidentes autonómicos españoles en ABC y El País, apunta significativas diferencias en cuanto al protagonismo de cada región en la prensa nacional. Los datos demuestran la existencia de un grupo compuesto por las comunidades históricas y la Comunidad de Madrid, que focaliza la atención mediática. En cuanto al resto de autonomías, existe un tratamiento desigual que conduce, en algunos casos, a la invisibilidad de determinados territorios. Además, los resultados confirman que en la cobertura mediática también influyen otros factores, como el partido político al que pertenece el presidente o si existe relevo en la presidencia.
La brecha informativa multiplataforma: consumo y gratificaciones de la au-diencia en webs, redes y apps. Estudio de caso de elDiario.es
Authors: Castro-Pérez Iago , Diez-Gracia Alba , Sánchez-García Pilar
Published: September 2022

La evolución de los smartphones impulsa el consumo informativo en plataformas digitales, donde redes sociales y aplicaciones toman relevancia como canales comunicativos. Esto justifica la necesidad de investigar permanentemente la variación de los usos y gratificaciones en la audiencia digital. Este estudio profundiza en la brecha informativa que se genera al analizar la selección, preferencia e interés de la audiencia en los contenidos ofrecidos en multiplataforma       -web, redes y apps- para constatar si siguen o no la agenda marcada por los medios. Así, propone un estudio de caso con una doble metodología de análisis de contenido (N=210) aplicada a elDiario.es; y una encuesta (N=245) sobre el consumo de redes y apps en la audiencia. Los resultados confirman esta brecha y la divergencia en los usos y gratificaciones junto a una estrategia del medio poco especializada en móvil y redes, mientras la audiencia las destaca como relevantes para su consumo informativo.
El estudio del sistema de registro empleado por los nahuas: panorama historiográfico
Authors: Ruz Barrio Miguel Ángel
Published: September 2022

Para poder introducirnos en el estado actual sobre la interpretación de los sistemas de registro mesoamericanos, y en concreto del nahua, es necesario contemplar desde una perspectiva historiográfica cómo hemos llegado hasta la situación actual. Para ello, en el presente trabajo realizamos un breve recorrido por las propuestas que se han planteado, cuáles han tenido cierta continuidad y cuáles se han desechado. De este modo, podremos ver que actualmente muchos investigadores continúan discutiendo sobre aspectos que ya estaban presentes hace más de un siglo, empleando en muchas ocasiones argumentos muy similares. Asimismo, mostraremos que la mayor parte de los estudios se han centrado fundamentalmente en la parte glotográfica del sistema. Mientras, el contenido semasiográfico había quedado relegado hasta las últimas décadas, cuando diversos trabajos han comenzado a mostrar la importancia de la interrelación entre ambas partes del registro. Por todo ello, es posible que nos encontremos en un punto de inflexión en las investigaciones y es necesaria la reflexión historiográfica.
Homo alphabeticus, la definición de la escritura y las escrituras mesoamericanas
Authors: Mikulska Katarzyna , Brokaw Galen
Published: September 2022

Entre los investigadores que estudian sistemas de comunicación gráfica mesoamericanos hay un debate sobre cómo se debería definir el término “escritura”. Algunos limitan la escritura a la glotografía, es decir, sistemas que representan unidades lingüísticas (e.g., sonidos, sílabas o palabras); otros prefieren una definición más amplia que incluye la semasiografía, es decir, el uso de significantes que representan referentes sin pasar por medio de un idioma. Analizamos la posición epistemológica desde la cual se entablan discusiones sobre la escritura e identificamos varias falacias y prejuicios que informan estas discusiones. También revisamos el acercamiento gramatológico que está en boga en los últimos años. Proponemos que otras formas de comunicación gráfica piden una reconceptualización de la “escritura” y abogamos por una definición más amplia.
A Campanha da Fraternidade 2022 e os desafios da Educação na Amazônia à luz do Sínodo
Authors: Oliveira Márcia Maria
Published: September 2022

Neste artigo trazemos para o debate o tema da Campanha da Fraternidade 2022 ‘Fraternidade e Educação’ em diálogo direto com algumas breves memórias do processo sinodal que conduziu a Igreja da Amazônia no processo preparatório ao Sínodo Especial para a Amazônia, intitulado ‘Amazônia: novos caminhos para a igreja e para uma Ecologia Integral’. É resultado dos diversos círculos de formação sobre a Campanha da Fraternidade realizados em diversas comunidades da periferia de Boa Vista, capital de Roraima durante o período da quaresma.  Recolhe fragmentos do Documento Final da Assembleia Sinodal e da Exortação Pós-Sinodal ‘Querida Amazônia’ na perspectiva da educação na Amazônia. Traz para o debate a temática da Ecologia integral que foi o tema transversal do Sínodo, passando, necessariamente pelo debate da Encíclica Laudato Si`. Por fim, apresenta a sinodalidade como caminho e caminhada da Igreja da Amazônia e uma orientação para toda Igreja descolonizar suas práticas e metodologias pastorais à luz da sinodalidade que representa importantes rupturas nos itinerários de toda Igreja num processo de aprendizado com os Povos Indígenas.
Lo (no) dicho y (sí) pensado
Authors: Pereira Ríos Diego
Published: September 2022

La intención de este trabajo es remover lo que está en la mente de muchos pero que poco se revela en las palabras de la mayoría, acerca de la enseñanza de la teología dentro de la Iglesia. Por eso es una invitación a jóvenes académicos hasta teólogos y teólogas de larga trayectoria, a cuestionar el formato actual de la enseñanza de la teología, procurando crear posibilidades reales para todo laico o laica que sienta el llamado a servir en la iglesia por este camino, para que pueda efectivamente hacerlo. Son muchos y muchas los/as que quisieran estudiar teología pero no pueden por las exigencias del mundo del laico. Esto limita la teología a sacerdotes, religiosos y religiosas que tienen muchas veces los medios económicos y un estilo de vida que se los hace posible. En la historia de la Iglesia casi siempre fueron personas consagradas quienes colaboraron con la doctrina cristiana, la espiritualidad, la ética; pero en el mundo actual –de falta de vocaciones sacerdotales y mucha deserción, de crisis en la vida religiosa, de sinodalidad- hace falta brindar a la mujer y el hombre laicos, mejores oportunidad de estudiar teología a nivel profesional. Si hablamos de injusticia, necesitamos comenzar por la enseñanza misma de la teología.
Nationalization (expropriation) of foreign investors’ property: relevant issues
Authors: Evstratov A. E. , Guchenkov I. Yu.
Published: September 2022

The subject. Foreign investments in the economy of states play an important role. As a consequence, priority should be given to the protection of foreign investments and the creation of favorable and stable conditions for the investors activities. This is especially important in cases of an unfavorable political environment, various internal and external conflicts. Crossborder investment activity is risky, and one of the possible risks is the nationalization (expropriation) of the property of foreign investors by the state-recipient of investments. This method of seizing private property is regulated by the state both at the international legal level and at the national level. The institution of (nationalization) expropriation of the property of foreign investors has its own specifics in Russian legislation in terms of terminological features and legal regulation with certain problematic aspects inherent in it.

The purpose of the article is to determine the content and correlation of the concepts of "nationalization" and "expropriation" in Russian law; to describe the main international approaches to regulation of these issues as well as Russian model. The authors try to describe the existing problems inherent in this institution in private international law in general and in Russian legislation in particular and suggest possible ways to solve them.

The methodology. The research was carried out using formal-logical, systemic, comparative, formal-legal methods, analysis and synthesis.

The main results, scope of application. The content and correlation of the concepts "nationalization" and "expropriation" in Russian law is determined, it is proposed to consider them synonymous. International approaches to regulating the nationalization (expropriation) of the property of foreign investor are examined. The regulation of this institution in Russia is considered; certain problems inherent in nationalization (expropriation) are investigated, possible ways to solve them are suggested.

Conclusions. It is now necessary not only to create conditions for attracting foreign investments, but also to ensure their safety in view of the development of cross-border investment activities. In particular, this can be achieved by establishing a detailed regulated procedure for the nationalization (expropriation) of the property of foreign investors, providing guarantees of compensation and legality in such seizure of their property. The institution of nationalization (expropriation) of property in private international law should be considered as one of the possible risks in the implementation of investment activities, which means that states should take measures to minimize risks in order to increase investment attractiveness. It can be achieved through detailed legislative regulation at the national level and a conclusion of international treaties (the “force of law” should be upheld, not the “law of force”).
Thought Experiments as Social Practice and the Clash of Imaginers
Authors: Molinari Daniele
Published: September 2022

In the last few years, several philosophers have highlighted the social dimension of imagination. In this paper I argue that thought experiments prompt social uses of imaginings if we understand them as props in games of make-believe. In prescribing to imagine stories that develop through fictional narratives, authors of thought experiments prompt their readers to engage in the same imaginative project—at least in its salient aspects—and to endorse their conclusions. Contributions on this topic focus on cases where coordination across imaginers is immediately successful. However, this is not the end of the story. I draw attention to situations where this is not the case, as the practice of thought experimentation often proceeds through criticism, rejections, and amendments. I focus on cases where imaginers do not endorse the conclusion proposed by the author of a thought experiment and either (i) fully reject the principles of generation, (ii) draw different fictional truths from the same principles, or (iii) amend the principles. Although cases of imaginative disharmony are usually dismissed as failures, I acknowledge them as fruitful steps in the cognitive advancement achievable by thought experiments. Cooperative imaginers challenge the rules of the game in meaningful ways, which leads to enhancing fictional scenarios and framing them through different perspectives.
Comparing Balance Abilities in Different Sports
Authors: Yarım İmdat , Özcan Neslihan , Yelken Mehmet Emin , UZUN Mahmut Esat
Published: September 2022

It is known that balance ability has an importance in terms of sportive performance. Balance ability also showed an important relationship between insufficiencies and performance and sports injuries. Object: The aim of this study is to examine balance ability in several sports. Materials and Methods: Totally 48 male and female athletes consisting of Wrestling (W, n: 13), Futsal (F, n: 10), Taekwondo (T, n: 15), and Cross Country Skiing (CCS, n: 10) whose mean ages were 20.2 ± 0.57, 24.4 ± 1.54, 20.4 ± 0.49 and 16.9 ± 0.09respectively, participated voluntarily to this study. Participants' height (cm) was measured with a stadiometer, body weight (kg) was measured with TANITA BC-418 and leg lengthswere measured with a measuring tape. Y-Balance test (cm) was used in the application of balance tests. Findings: The data were statistically evaluated in the SPSS 23 program and the Kruskal Wallis test was applied to determine the relationship between the groups. Tukey test was applied to determine which group caused the difference and the level of significance was chosen as 0.05. In the evaluation, statistically significant difference in the balance parameters was found between Right anterior and WT, FT, F-CCS, T-CCS sports branches, between Right medial and W-F, F-T, F-CCS sports branches, between Left anterior and W-T, W-CCS, F-T, F - CCS, T-CCS sports branches and between Left medial and W-F, F-T, F-CCS sports branches (p0.05). Result: The balance parameter differs according to sports branches. When these differences are evaluated, it can be said that the best results for all balance parameters are for Cross Country Skiing, Taekwondo, Wrestling and Futsal athletes, respectively.
Examining Life Satisfaction and Self-Compassion Among Students Attending a Historically Black College and University in the U.S.
Authors: Fleming Kristine
Published: September 2022

This study aims to examine the relationship between life satisfaction and self-compassion among university students attending a historically black college and university (HBCU) in the U.S. Southeast. A non-experimental descriptive research design, which included a self-report questionnaire using the Satisfaction with Life Scale and Self-Compassion Scale was applied to this study. A total of 148 university students enrolled in leisure and health courses at the HBCU participated in the study. A significant association was found related to life satisfaction and measures of self-compassion. The association of life satisfaction and self-compassion was also measured by controlling for gender, GPA, and perceived health, thus indicating sub-scale of self-kindness may be a predictor of life satisfaction.
Concussions in Collegiate Club Sports: Investigating Concussion Education, Knowledge, and Attitudes
Authors: Kanny Sam , Hathaway Chase , Rudd Andrew , Stokowski Sarah Elizabeth , Godfrey Michael
Published: September 2022

Approximately 9 million college students participate in organized sports, with 460,000 college athletes participating at the collegiate level (e.g., NCAA, NAIA) and the remaining 8.5 million playing club and intramural teams. Nationally, an estimated 1.7 to 3 million sports-related concussions (SRCs) occur per year. Despite the overwhelming number of student-athletes participating in collegiate club sports, literature on SRC education, knowledge and attitudes is limited when looking at collegiate club athletes. The purpose of this study is to explore current concussion education given to collegiate club sports athletes and understand players' concussion knowledge and attitudes. A cross-sectional study design using a modified version of  Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey-Student Version (RoCKAS-ST) was emailed to all members within the 33 student-led club sport organizations at a Southeastern university. Seventy-one club athletes from 22 of the club sport organizations responded to the survey. Thirty-two participants (45.1%) reported that they have received at least one sports-related concussion and 39 (54.9%) reported never receiving a SRC. Fifty-five participants (77.5%) reported not receiving a concussion education. Total knowledge was found to have significant differences between participants who received a concussion education and participants who did not (t[69] = 1.135; p = 0.048). No significant differences were found in attitude between collegiate club sport athletes who received a concussion education and players who did not receive a concussion education (t[68] = 0.37; p = 0.700). The study indicated that a majority of collegiate club sport athletes do not receive a concussion education, which impacts their knowledge of concussions. Further research is needed to determine effective concussion prevention education for this population.
Urethrotomy and End-to-End Urethroplasty in Anterior Urethral Strictures upto 1.5cm Dept of Urology Mayo Hospital, Lahore
Authors: Ansari Imran , Islam Shams Ul , Ali Wajid , Haq Irfan Ul
Published: September 2022

Aim: To compare internal optical urethrotomy with end-to-end urethroplasty in treatment of anterior urethral stricture (<1.5cm) in terms of recurrence. Study design: Cross-sectional Study. Place and duration of study: Mayo hospital, department of urology. June 2016 to July 2018 Methodology: Only 80 patients (40 individuals in each class) were included in the study with nonprobability convenience sampling. Urethral stricture of the same length was treated by class-A and class-B, but with different methods. 3 months after the initial diagnosis, the recurrence rate was examined. SPSS-22 was used to enter and analyse the data. Result: Patients' recurrences three months later indicated a significant difference (P=0.002) as a P value less than 0.05. A recurrence rate of 20% was found in class A end-to-end urethroplasty patients, whereas a stricture-free rate of 80% was found in the other 32. Stricture recurrence was seen in 52.5% of the patients in class B (internal optical urotomy), compared to 47.5% in class A. Conclusion: A urethroplasty is the best therapy for urethral strictures of 1.5 cm or more, according to this research. For the most part, the fundamental distinction between the two procedures is that urethroplasty has a lower rate of repeat surgeries than that of the other procedure. Keywords: Stricture urethra, Urethroplasty, Recurrence, Dilation, Urine obstruction,
Evaluating vibrating line location with respect to palatine fovea in various soft palate types
Authors: Chaudhary M. Aamir Ghafoor , Rizvi Syed Hammad Azeem , Zakir Afsheen , Awais Faiza , Fatima Noor , Fatima Arooj , Naeem Sajid
Published: September 2022

Aim: To determine the frequency of the location of vibrating line in relation to palatine fovea in Class I, II and III soft palate types among patients at Islamic International Dental College, Islamabad. Study design: A cross-sectional observational study Place and duration: Prosthodontic Dept of Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, from 2nd October 2021 till 2nd January 2022. Methodology: A total of 200 subjects were selected and clinically examined for various locations of vibrating line with respect to palatine fovea in soft palate types (I, II, III). Phonation method ‘Ah’ was used to locate vibrating line location. Results: The vibrating line location was anterior to palatine fovea in 72.7%, 64.1%, 50% of subjects with Class I, II, III soft palate. 16.5%, 25.6%, 22.7% subjects had vibrating line locating at fovea palatine in Class I, II, III soft palate types. Least observed location was the posterior location of vibrating line; 10.8%,10.3% 27.3% in all soft palate types (class I, II, III). In-significant association with age, gender and soft palate types was seen with location of vibrating line. Conclusion: The vibrating line was located predominantly anterior to palatine fovea in all three soft palate types. Keywords: Dentures, Post dam area, Palatine Fovea, Retention, Soft Palate Contours, Vibrating line.
Role of Acacia Catechu in Regulating Connective Tissue Components during Experimental Gastric Ulcer Healing
Authors: Waseem Uzma , Mahmud Tayyaba , Nadeem Natasha , Shahbaz Samia , Liaqat Amina , Akif Ursula , Salman Musa
Published: September 2022

Aim: To determine the healing properties of different doses of Acacia catechu on histopathological changes induced by aspirin in the stomach of adult albino rats. Methods: In an experimental study which was carried out at Postgraduate Medical Institute for a period of 21 days, forty-eight adult albino rats were included. The animals were divided into four groups by ballottement. Every group was further subdivided into three groups based on the day of sacrifice. BDH (British drug houses) provided Aspirin in powder form, and the bark of Acacia catechu was obtained from Government College University (Botany Department). The study was approved by institutional Ethical Review Committee. Results: Increased number of fibroblasts were seen in the groups taking acacia catechu, signifying healing, compared to aspirin only group. After applying one-way ANOVA, a statistically significant difference was observed among the groups on day 7 and day 14 (P-value <0.01*). However, on day 3, an insignificant difference was seen among the groups (P-value = 0.97). Conclusion: Acacia catechu has a protective role against aspirin-induced gastric injury, by inhibiting inflammation. Keywords: Fibroblast, Acacia catechu, ulcer, wound healing.
Neonatal Outcome and Mode of Delivery with Nuchal Cord - A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Manzoor Uzma , Sharif Nadia , Ali Sadaqat , Jehan Mumtaz , Zain Mohammad , Salman Musa
Published: September 2022

Aim: To determine the incidence of umbilical cord around the fetal neck and its effects on fetal outcome. Study Design: It is single center cross sectional study. Duration: The duration of study is two year from January 2020 to January 2021. Settings: This study was carried out in Independent University Hospital Faisalabad. Methodology: All patients presents after 28 weeks upto 41 weeks of gestation either delivered by caesarean section or delivered vaginal birth with baby having one, two or three loops of cord around the neck were selected. Fetal outcome was observed, maternal age, Parity, Gestational age, Mode of delivery, APGAR score and admission to NICU were noted. Results: A total of 102 patients (27.4%) were delivered having nuchal cord 65 patients (63.7%) were in age group (26-30y) and 60 patients (58%) were multipara delivered with cord around the neck of fetus. In present study cesarean section rate was 70.5%. In 25 patients (24.5%) nuchal cord was diagnosed before delivery and in 77 patients (75.4%) nuchal cord was incidental findings during labour. Regarding fetal outcome; In 47 babies (46%) delivered with nuchal cord were having APGAR score less than 5 but in 55 babies (53.9%) having good APGAR score. Conclusion: Nuchal cord is common incidental finding during labour and fetal outcome regarding APGAR score & NICU admission was better in patients delivered with nuchal cord. But the cesarean section rate was higher. Keywords: Nuchal cord, Frequency, Fetal outcome
Audit of Surgical practice and performance in COVID Crisis – Lessons for the future
Authors: Arif Anum , Rauf Alishba Kulsoom , Kharal Fatima , Bhatti Ahsin Manzoor , Imtiaz Muhammad Salman , . Raoon
Published: September 2022

Aim: To evaluate the pattern of surgical emergencies and surgical care provided during COIVD 19 pandemic. Study design: Cross-sectional Study Place and duration of study: Department of Surgery, CMH, Lahore from 15th March - 15 June 2020. Methodology: Data was collected retrospectively, of all the patients who were admitted in department of surgery over the duration of 3 months. Demographic variables, diagnosis, work up related to COVID-19, specialty of admission and surgical vs conservative management was recorded. Results: A total of 312 patients were included. Majority were male 216(69.2%). Most of the patients 191(61.2%) were admitted via clinic, predominantly in month of May 148(41%). COVID-19 PCR was done on 210 patients (67.3%), chest x-ray was done on 271(87.9%), HRCT chest was done on 113 patients (29.20%). Although general surgery was the busiest service line with a total patient admission of 89(43.1%), Orthopedic surgery top the operative interventions list with 85.1% of admissions underwent operative management. Conclusion: The current local guidelines about patient flow and management of patients in COVID crisis are practical and can be implemented. In the wake of the later waves of COVID 19 hospitals should prepare to divert their resources to high volume specialties like General and orthopedic surgery. Simple, but important procedures like arteriovenous fistula creation should only be stopped it there is shortage of manpower. MeSH words: Audit, COVID- 19, General Surgery, Pakistan, Vascular Surgery
Utilization Review of Antibiotics in the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Zafar Waleed , Arshad Haleema , Hassn Rashida , Faqooq Umar , Fatima Tehreem , Rehman Abaid Ur
Published: September 2022

Aim: To evaluate the rationality of pharmacotherapy of UTI and to identify drug related problems (DRPs) in the treatment of UTI. Methodology:, a prospective study was perfomed in Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad Pakistan for a period of three months (December 2019 to March 2020) on 62 patients suffering from UTI. Data of patient disease and treatment was collected from patient medical chart record file and then pharmacotherapy was evaluated for accessing rationality and identification of DRP using standard book like British national formulary and standard treatment guidelines. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by using SPSS. Results: Result of this study showed that prevalence of UTI was more in female (67.74%) than males (32.25%). Patients belonging to the age group of 20-40 years were more prone to UTI. The most frequent problems were presence of drug interactions, dosage problems cases, overprescribing cases, therapeutic duplication cases and lack of cost effectiveness cases. After analyzing the use of antibiotics it was found that most widely used antibiotics in the treatment of UTI was ceftriaxone, followed by levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Culture Sensitivity test for appropriate selection of antibiotics was not perfomed in 80% of cases. Wrong dose of antibiotics was prescribed in 27.4% cases; therapeutic duplication of antibiotics was found in 6% of patient prescription and over usage of antibiotics was observed in 18% of cases. Conclusion: Irrational use of drugs especially antibiotics in the treatment of UTI can adversely affect desired therapeutic outcome, lead to therapy failure and emergence of resistance of antibiotics which is a major concern. Drugs for the treatment of UTI should be used rationally according to the need and standard prescribing protocol to improve patient therapeutic outcome and to decrease the adverse consequences of drug therapy. . Keywords: Urinary tract infection, drug related problems and antibiotic use
Evaluation of Anxiety and Experience of patients presented with Maxillofacial Trauma in Nishtar Institute of Dentistry
Authors: Zahra Tauseef , Jawa Zehra , Zahra Tehzeeb , Nazeer Asif , Raza Hassan , Batool Usma
Published: September 2022

Aim: To evaluate the anxiety in patients of maxillofacial trauma using HAM-A scale presenting in emergency department and compare it with elective maxillofacial surgery patients Study design: Analytical cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: Study was conducted from May 2021 to Apr 2022 at Dental unit of Nishtar Institute of Dentistry. Methodology: 80 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included. Inclusion criteria was any patient aged between 12-80 years irrespective of gender who got isolated facial trauma, patients with no previous history of psychological disorder. Hamilton anxiety scale was used to make a proforma which was filled by on duty post graduate trainee. p-value of ≤0.05 was significant. Results: There were 61 males (76.2%) and 19(23.8%) females. Mean age of patients in group A (facial trauma) was 40.5±15.20 years and in group B (elective surgery) was 50.2±10.47 years. HAM-A score in group A was 25.15±9.74 (moderate to severe anxiety) and in group B it was 12.12±4.44 (mild anxiety) which was statistically significant. (p value 0.00). Conclusion: Maxillofacial injuries may pose a heavy impact psychological lives of patients and patients may suffer from anxiety and depression. A multidisciplinary team approach with surgeon and psychiatrist be included to reduce physical damage and psychological impact on patients. Keywords: Anxiety, depression, maxillofacial trauma
Association of Cervical Spondylosis with Recurrence of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: a case report
Authors: . Nimra , Afzal Binash , Zulfiqar Ayesha , Azam Taiba , Ghulam Sadaf
Published: September 2022

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo is thought to be the main cause of vertigo globally. It is recurrent and remediable disease accounts under peripheral vestibular disorder which involve one or more then on semicircular canal with floating and displaced otoconia. Activated afferents of semicircular canals produce false sensation of nystagmus. It is characterized by scanty spinning sensations initiated by head movements, commonly in the vertical or horizontal planes. BPPV is common in elderly population and is often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. BPPV is mostly diagnosed by history and complete examination which involve the Dix-Hallpike maneuver consider as gold standard maneuver in assessment. BPPV is mostly treated conservatively utilizing various physiotherapeutic techniques. Patient education, Semont maneuver (SM), Epley maneuver, Brandt Daroff along with vestibular rehabilitation exercises are proven to be effective in improving sensations of vertigo and chances of reoccurrence. Keywords: Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo, Cervical Spondylosis, Association
Infections in Cesarean Section Wound and its Associated Risk Factors
Authors: Fatimah Dania , Khan Bushra , Imran Humaira , Qureshi Muhammad Asim Iqbal , Malik Sumera , Kousar Shermeen
Published: September 2022

Objective: To find out how commonly infections occur in cesarean section skin wound in post operative period and what factors are commonly encountered in these patients. Design: Descriptive Case Series. Setting: Obs & Gynae Deptt., Nishtar Hospital Multan (NHM). Duration of Study: Six Months. Subjects and Methodology: 121 patients undergoing cesarean section due to various reasons were enrolled in this research. These subjects were followed till 30 days of the procedure and examined through this interval for presence/absence of wound infection . These patients were evaluated for the presence of anemia, PIH/ pre-eclampsia, DM , PROM, obesity & type of cesarean section. Results: Age range was 18 to 45 yrs & Mean calculated i.e 28.289±2.74 years, mean gestational age 37.983±1.75 weeks, mean BMI 26.281±1.47 Kg/m2 and mean parity was 1.545±1.17. Post cesarean wound infection was seen in 9.9% patients. Factors leading to post-cesarean section wound infection were anemia found in 16.7%, diabetes mellitus in 16.7%, PROM in 16.7%, hypertension in 25%, obesity in 75%, emergency caesarean section in 75% and elective caesarean section in 25% were noted. Conclusion: Identification of causative factors of cesarean section wound infection, their correction and modification may help reduce wound infection rates among postoperative patients leading to reduction in maternal morbidity. Keywords: Cesarean section, Wound infection, Factors leading to wound infection.
Hysterosalpingography Findings among Women Presenting for Infertility Evaluation
Authors: Riaz Madeeha , Faiz Sadia , Fatima Rubia , Sattar Khadija , Islam Zia Ul , Firdous Atqa , Khan MM
Published: September 2022

Objective: To determine the pattern of hysterosalpingography (HSG) findings among women presenting with infertility. Methods: From June 2021 to March 2022, this study included 100 women who visited the Nishtar hospital's infertility clinic. All these patients underwent HSG evaluation. The HSG examination was planned to take place between the seventh and twelfth day of the patient's menstrual cycle, and before the patient had any sexual activity. Patients were instructed to take a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication such 400 milligrams of ibuprofen half an hour before their hysterosalpingograms as a preparation for the possibility that they may experience some level of discomfort during the procedure. HSG findings were noted for each patient. Results: The mean of participants was 32.5±1.2 years. Mean infertility duration was 5.5±4.3 years. On hysterosalpingography examination, right fallopian tube occlusion was found in 7% patients, left in 13% and bilateral in 25% patients. Hydrosalpinx was diagnosed in right fallopian tube in 7.0% patients, in left in 5% patients and in both fallopian tubes in 3% patients. Overhanging tubes were diagnosed in 8% patients and beaded tubes in 1.0% patients. Regarding uterine pathologies, fibroids were diagnosed in 21% patients, and synaechiae in 8% patients. Regarding cervical pathologies, irregular pattern was found in 2% patients, patulous in 2% and in stenosis in 1.0% patients. Conclusion: Hysterosalpingogram, an essential instrument in the evaluation of infertility, plays a significant part in identifying illnesses that affect the female reproductive system. According to the findings of this study, tubal diseases are the leading cause of female infertility. Keywords: Infertility, Tubal abnormalities, Hysterosalpingogram
Histological Features and Predictors of Early Relapse in Patients of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Khan Momina Jehangir , Sehrish Fariha , Rehman Aman ur , Iqbal Sahar
Published: September 2022

Objective: To determine the proportion of histological features and histological feature predicting frequency of elapse in known patients of ulcerative colitis. Methodology: One hundred and ninety cases each had endoscopic colonic biopsies from the rectum, distal colon, and proximal colon. Study Design: Retrospective Case series Setting: Sheikh Zayed Hospital Lahore, Department of Histopathology, from February 25, 2016, to February 25, 2017. Results: The majority of patients complained of generalized abdominal pain (55.3%). The commonest histological feature is cryptitis 189(99.5%). Majority patients with basal plasmacytosis 38(42.2%) and crypt abscess 36(29.8%) relapsed at 4th month. Conclusion: Histological features basal plasmacytosis and crypt abscess are of prognostic importance. A greater chance of relapse can be predicted in patients with increased number of basal plasma cells and cryptitis. These findings will help in further management of ulcerative colitis patients. Keywords: Inflammatory bowel disease, Ulcerative colitis, Remission, Relapse
Risk Factors Associated with Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy
Authors: Khan Bushra , Bashir Sadia , Khakwani Ayesha Khan , Karim Sajilah , Islam Zia Ul , Firdous Atqa , Khan MM
Published: September 2022

Introduction: To determine the risk factors of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) among pregnant women. Methods: In this study, we included 200 patients, 100 were those who were diagnosed with any HDP and 100 were control patients, who were pregnant and did not have any HDP. The study was conducted in Nishtar Hospital Multan from June-2021 to June-2022. Women having blood pressure (BP) ≥140/90 mmHg was 20 weeks of gestation were labelled as having HDP. Risk factors of HDP were noted. Results: Mean age of patients was 28.45±8.45 years in cases and 30.41±9.61 years in controls. On univariate analysis, age >35 years Univariate analysis was done to determine the risk factors of HDP. Age >35 years (OR 3.63 (1.08-12.18), p-value 0.02), obesity (OR 3.16 (1.03-9.68), p-value 0.03), living in rural area (OR 2.26 (1.01-5.05), p-value of 0.04), nulliparity (OR 3.45 (1.22-9.75), p-value 0.016), positive family history of hypertension (OR 4.04 (1.21-13.43), p-value 0.017), twin pregnancy, lack of regular visit of antenatal clinics (OR 0.31 (0.12-0.95), p-value 0.02), Previous history of abortion (OR 9.33 (1.12-77.7), p-value 0.01), chronic hypertension (OR 4.5 (0.91-22.7), p-value 0.04). Conclusion: This study revealed rural lifestyle, old age, multiple pregnancy, and pre-pregnancy weight as independent risk factors. It is advised that health care providers employ these indicators as a screening tool for the prediction, early diagnosis, and timely intervention of pregnant hypertensive problems. Keywords: Gestational hypertension, Preeclampsia, Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
Characteristics and Presentation of Women with Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Saqib Shazia , Umer Sabeena , Khanam Saadia , Mudassir Asma Qamar , Bano Nosheen , Nighat Sumera
Published: September 2022

Objective: To determine characteristics and presentation of women with ectopic pregnancy (EP). Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: The Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Sialkot Medical College, Sialkot Pakistan from January 2021 to December 2021. Material and Methods: A total of 39 women aged between 18 to 45 years and diagnosed with EP were included. Age, parity status, clinical presentation, diagnostic modality and sides affected were noted. A special proforma was designed to record all study data. For statistical analysis, SPSS version 26.0 was employed. Numeric data was shown as mean and standard deviation while categorical variables were represented as frequencies/percentages. Results: In a total of 39 women with ectopic pregnancy, mean age was 28.6±6.4 years while 23 (59.0%) women were aged between 18 to 30 years. There were 9 (23.1%) women who were nulliparous. Residential status of 22 (56.4%) women was rural in 22 (56.4%) patients. Condition of tube revealed ruptured EP among 37 (94.9%) women. Most common clinical presentation was abdominal/pelvic pain in 37 (94.9%) women while amenorrhea and vaginal bleeding were observed in 32 (82.1%) and 30 (76.9%) women respectively. Conclusion: Most commonly observed clinical presentation among women with ectopic pregnancy were abdominal/pelvic pain, amenorrhea and vaginal bleeding while almost half of the patients presented with shock. Keywords: Amenorrhea, abdominal pain, ectopic pregnancy, shock, vaginal bleeding.
Farklı Lens Solüsyonlarının Gerberanın (Gerbera jamesonii cv. Amulet) Vazo Ömrü Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: Kılıç Tuğba , Arslan Hacı
Published: September 2022

Mikrobiyal kontaminasyon nedeniyle vazo ömrü kısalan gerberalarda, antimikrobiyal aktiviteye sahip olduğu bilinen lens solüsyonları ile vazo ömrünün iyileştirilmesi amacıyla yapılan bu çalışmada, bitkisel materyal olarak Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hooker f. türüne ait 'Amulet' çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Vazo solüsyonu olarak; 300 mgL-1 sitrik asit, 10 gL-1 sakkaroz ve 4 farklı dozda (0.5 mlL-1, 1 mlL-1, 2 mlL-1 ve 5 mlL-1) iki farklı lens solüsyonu içeren (Bio True ve Aqua Fresh) solüsyonlar ile yalnız 10gL-1 sakkaroz (negatif kontrol), 300mgL-1 sitrik asit ile 10gL-1 sakkaroz (kontrol) içeren solüsyonlar kullanılmıştır. Bitkilerde çiçek sapı kalınlığı, oransal taze ağırlık, günlük ortalama vazo solüsyonu alımı, toplam vazo solüsyonu alımı, vazo ömrü, vazo solüsyonundaki mikrobiyal aktivite ve vazo solüsyonunun pH değeri belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda en uzun vazo ömrü 15.22 gün ile 2.0 Bio uygulamasında bulunmuştur. Bu uygulama vazo ömrünü negatif kontrole göre 3.56 gün, kontrole göre 3.02 gün kadar arttırmıştır. 2.0 Aqua ile 2.0 Bio uygulamaları arasında vazo ömrü bakımından istatistiki açıdan bir fark bulunmamakla birlikte, her iki uygulamanın bitkilerde oransal taze ağırlık, günlük ortalama vazo solüsyon alımı ve toplam vazo solüsyon alımını iyileştirdiği ve vazo solüsyonundaki mikrobiyal gelişimi azalttığı saptanmıştır. Çalışma sonuçları göstermiştir ki lens solüsyonları kesme çiçeklerde vazo ömrünü arttırmada kullanılabilecek alternatif koruyucu maddeler olabilir.