bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Random Pure Gaussian States and Hawking Radiation
Authors: Aurell Erik , Hackl Lucas , Horodecki Paweł , Jonsson Robert H. , Kieburg Mario
Published: August 2024

A black hole evaporates by Hawking radiation. Each mode of that radiation is thermal. If the total state is nevertheless to be pure, modes must be entangled. Estimating the minimum size of this entanglement has been an important outstanding issue. We develop a new theory of constrained random symplectic transformations, based on the assumptions that the total state is pure and Gaussian with given marginals. In the random constrained symplectic model we then compute the distribution of mode-mode correlations, from which we bound mode-mode entanglement. Modes of frequency much larger than [kBTH(t)/ℏ] are not populated at time t and drop out of the analysis. Among other relatively thinly populated modes (early-time high-frequency modes and/or late modes of any frequency), we find correlations and hence entanglement to be strongly suppressed. Relatively highly populated modes (early-time low-frequency modes) can, on the other hand, be strongly correlated, but a detailed analysis reveals that they are nevertheless very unlikely to be entangled. Our analysis hence establishes that restoring unitarity after a complete evaporation of a black hole does not require any significant quantum entanglement between any pair of Hawking modes. Our analysis further gives exact general expressions for the distribution of mode-mode correlations in random, pure, Gaussian states with given marginals, which may have applications beyond black hole physics.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Quantum Anomalous Hall Crystal at Fractional Filling of Moiré Superlattices
Authors: Sheng D. N. , Reddy Aidan P. , Abouelkomsan Ahmed , Bergholtz Emil J. , Fu Liang
Published: August 2024

We predict the emergence of a state of matter with intertwined ferromagnetism, charge order, and topology in fractionally filled moiré superlattice bands. Remarkably, these exhibit a quantized integer Hall conductance that is different than expected from the filling and Chern number of the band. Microscopic calculations show that this phase is robustly favored at half-filling (ν=1/2) at larger twist angles of the twisted semiconductor bilayer tMoTe2.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Simulated structure and thermodynamics of decagonal Al-Co-Cu quasicrystals
Authors: Huang Yang , Widom Michael , Mihalkovič M.
Published: August 2024

Atomic structures of Al-Co-Cu decagonal quasicrystals (dQCs) are investigated using empirical oscillating pair potentials (EOPP) in molecular dynamic (MD) simulations that we enhance by Monte Carlo (MC) swapping of chemical species and replica exchange. Predicted structures exhibit planar decagonal tiling patterns and are periodic along the perpendicular direction. We then recalculate the energies of promising structures using first-principles density functional theory (DFT), along with energies of competing phases. We find that our τ-inflated sequence of QC approximants (QCAs) are energetically unstable at low temperature by at least 3 meV/atom. Extending our study to finite temperatures by calculating harmonic vibrational entropy, as well as anharmonic contributions that include chemical species swaps and tile flips, our results suggest that the quasicrystal phase is entropically stabilized at temperatures in the range 600-800 K and above. It decomposes into ordinary (though complex) crystal phases at low temperatures, including a partially disordered B2-type phase. We discuss the influence of density and composition on QC phase stability; we compare the structural differences between Co-rich and Cu-rich quasicrystals; and we analyze the role of entropy in stabilizing the quasicrystal, concluding with a discussion of the possible existence of “high entropy” quasicrystals.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
A versatile sample-delivery system for X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of in-flight aerosols and free nanoparticles at MAX IV Laboratory
Authors: Preger C. , Rissler J. , Kivimäki A. , Eriksson A. C. , Walsh N.
Published: August 2024

Aerosol science is of utmost importance for both climate and public health research, and in recent years X-ray techniques have proven effective tools for aerosol-particle characterization. To date, such methods have often involved the study of particles collected onto a substrate, but a high photon flux may cause radiation damage to such deposited particles and volatile components can potentially react with the surrounding environment after sampling. These and many other factors make studies on collected aerosol particles challenging. Therefore, a new aerosol sample-delivery system dedicated to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of aerosol particles and gas molecules in-flight has been developed at the MAX IV Laboratory. The aerosol particles are brought from atmospheric pressure to vacuum in a continuous flow, ensuring that the sample is constantly renewed, thus avoiding radiation damage, and allowing measurements on the true unsupported aerosol. At the same time, available gas molecules can be used for energy calibration and to study gas-particle partitioning. The design features of the aerosol sample-delivery system and important information on the operation procedures are described in detail here. Furthermore, to demonstrate the experimental range of the aerosol sample-delivery system, results from aerosol particles of different shape, size and composition are presented, including inorganic atmospheric aerosols, secondary organic aerosols and engineered nanoparticles.
Factors affecting citizen intention toward AI acceptance and adoption: the moderating role of government regulations
Authors: Alzebda Said , Matar Mohammed A.I.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to explore factors impacting citizen intention toward artificial intelligence (AI) adoption, considering government regulation as a moderating variable. It focuses on the Palestinian Cellular Communications Sector in Gaza Strip, providing insights into the citizen-AI relationship dynamics. The research contributes to enhancing comprehension of AI technology from clients’ perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

To test the hypotheses, a questionnaire was used in an empirical study to collect primary data. In total, 347 Palestinian citizens responded to the survey.

Findings

The findings of this paper reveal that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived risks, social influence, user experience and privacy and security concerns significantly influence citizen intention toward AI adoption. Furthermore, government regulations as a moderating variable strengthen the impact of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived risks, social influence, user experience and privacy and security concerns on citizen intention toward AI acceptance and adoption. Thus, further research should explore specific domains and cultural contexts to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the factors shaping acceptance and adoption.

Research limitations/implications

The findings of the study should be understood in the context of their limitations. First, the study ignored cultural or domain-specific subtleties in favor of generic characteristics, which calls for more research in these particular circumstances. Second, relying on self-reported data might result in biases and limitations due to subjectivity in reporting, indicating the necessity for alternate data gathering methods and approaches in future research.

Practical implications

Policymakers, developers and organizations working to promote the acceptability and implementation of AI applications should consider the practical implications of this study’s results. To secure the long-term use of AI technologies in a responsible and user-centric way, policymakers should give priority to public education and awareness, user-centered design and ethical AI development techniques. They should also stimulate partnerships and create monitoring systems.

Originality/value

This paper investigates the originality of factors that influence citizen intention toward AI acceptance and adoption. It uniquely examines the moderating role of government regulations in shaping this intention. By addressing this novel aspect, the paper contributes to advancing our understanding of the complex dynamics surrounding citizen intentions toward AI applications.
Development of ancient Chinese inscription rubbings knowledge base in the context of cultural communication and art appreciation
Authors: Qiu Kaiyu , Xia Cuijuan , Liu QianQian
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To promote the cultural communication and art appreciation of Inscriptions and calligraphy which are important cultural heritages in China, with a broad crowd base and educational appreciation value, by using digital humanities methods and technologies, the paper aims to discuss how to develop a new user-oriented knowledge base according to user needs for inscription rubbings research and appreciation.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper investigates user needs and current problems on the basis of status quo and summation of extensive service experience; validates the rationality of requirements and user scenarios with user research methods including focus groups, interviews and behavior observations; then designs and develops the technical solution of data process, knowledge base construction and service platform through experimental research methods based on agile project management.

Findings

The paper proposes a new reading mode for browsing and appreciation inscription rubbing works, a diverse knowledge-integrated knowledge organizational structure, a systematic user experience and service guiding framework which can be widely applicable to the development of other cultural heritage knowledge bases. Apart from that, the paper puts forward intelligent service development goals for the future.

Originality/value

The paper proposes a new reading mode with the overall functions and user experience design and development for browsing and appreciation inscription rubbing works, a diverse knowledge-integrated knowledge organizational structure, a systematic user experience and service guiding framework which can be widely applicable to the development of other cultural heritage knowledge bases. Apart from that, the paper puts forward intelligent service development goals for the future.
Cultivating sustainability and resilience in olive heritage
Authors: El Hajj Mireille Chidiac , Chidiac May
Published: August 2024

Learning outcomes

The case study’s learning objectives, structured according to Bloom’s taxonomy, engage students in higher-order thinking for critical analysis and strategic decision-making. After completion of the case study, students will be able to analyze sustainability practices and evaluate the family’s distribution model for alignment with sustainability and potential expansion strategies; explore adaptive strategies to identify adaptive solutions to challenges such as climate change and economic fluctuations; apply theoretical frameworks to balance exclusivity and growth in the olive oil industry; and assess strategic decisions considering financial viability, environmental responsibility, community engagement and sustainability.

Case overview/synopsis

The case study centers on the Abi Raad olive farm, a multigenerational family-owned business deeply rooted in olive cultivation traditions in Selfaya village, within Mount Lebanon’s Aley district. Led by Richard Abi Raad, the family specializes in olive cultivation, olive oil production and handmade soap manufacturing within the agriculture sector. In 2023, the organization faces significant challenges such as rising labor costs and the exploration of sustainable labor sources for future growth. Abi Raad, the primary protagonist, grapples with critical decisions regarding maintaining traditional distribution methods versus expanding into broader markets. His choices must balance the preservation of cultural heritage with the need to uphold brand integrity and competitiveness. The case study traces the family’s historical journey in olive farming and explores their contemporary strategic dilemmas, offering insights into sustainable agriculture, entrepreneurship and navigating modern challenges while honoring tradition. Through the narrative of the Abi Raad family-owned business, the case study provides profound lessons in strategic decision-making and ensuring long-term sustainability.

Complexity academic level

This case study is suitable for students studying master’s in business.

Supplementary materials

Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code

CSS 11: Strategy.
Under the shadows of COVID-19: school principals’ leadership odyssey
Authors: Baloch Fozia Ahmed , Jogezai Nazir Ahmed
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The COVID-19 pandemic, as well as its effects on education in general, has influenced the leadership landscape of school principals, which may have necessitated adaptations and transitions in their leadership orientation. To better comprehend any variations in the leadership orientation of school principals in response to the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study examines leadership orientation in both the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods.

Design/methodology/approach

In this quantitative research, the authors collected data from 297 school principals in the Balochistan province of Pakistan using the leadership orientation survey (LOS) in a quantitative research approach.

Findings

The results indicated that principals’ leadership orientation underwent an observable transition before and after the pandemic. Principals’ preferred leadership orientation notably changed from solely political before the pandemic to a combination of highly political and symbolic after the pandemic.

Research limitations/implications

Using a survey, the study investigated the transition in school principals’ leadership orientation before and after the pandemic. However, the results do not explain what caused the transition in principals’ leadership orientation, which is the key limitation of this study. Future research within a qualitative approach can study the factors associated with changes in principles’ leadership frames.

Practical implications

The overall findings of the study have implications for scholars, policymakers and educational leaders to reexamine and gain a deeper understanding of the leadership roles of principals in the post-pandemic age. This is because principals now operate in a distinct context characterized by new difficulties and opportunities compared to the pre-pandemic period.

Originality/value

This is an original study that examined the transition of school principals’ leadership orientation before and after the pandemic. The body of literature related to the transition between pre- and post-pandemic is limited both in Pakistan and the rest of the world. This study illuminates the literature in this regard.
“Jail isn’t the answer for these inmates”: how to respond to methamphetamine use in prisons
Authors: Ricciardelli Rosemary , Johnston Matthew S. , Maier Katharina , Ferguson Lorna
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The correctional system continues to face challenges with responding to and managing methamphetamine use among incarcerated individuals. This study aims to uncover what resources and policies could better help correctional workers deal with these challenges. The authors also examined methamphetamine’s impact on correctional work and staff well-being.

Design/methodology/approach

An online survey was distributed to correctional workers (n = 269) in Manitoba, Canada, featuring questions about their experiences related to methamphetamine use in populations under their care, what supports are needed to adequately address the concern, and the potential effects on self and their occupational responsibilities. Using NVivo software, survey responses were analysed using an emergent theme approach.

Findings

Correctional workers believed policies and protocols for managing methamphetamine use and withdrawal are currently inadequate. Correctional workers reported having monthly contact with incarcerated individuals experiencing methamphetamine withdrawal, posing safety concerns to them and other incarcerated individuals. Respondents proposed more education and training on managing incarcerated people withdrawing from methamphetamines, related to the symptoms of use and withdrawal and how to support persons detoxing. Increased human and material resources were reported as being needed (e.g. more nurses onsite and better screening devices). Respondents also desired more medical intervention, safe living spaces for methamphetamine users and programming to support addiction.

Originality/value

The current study unpacks correctional workers’ perspectives, support desires and their experiences managing methamphetamine use amongst incarcerated people. The authors discuss the required knowledge to respond to gaps in prison living, re-entry and related policy needs.
Ownership, freedom, belonging and God: Kibbutzim’s strategies to extend their “sharing” model
Authors: Banai Moshe , Nirenberg John
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study proposes a mix of historical, organizational and generational life cycles as explanatory variables for the “sharing style” of intentional communities such as kibbutzim in Israel. It evaluates the effectiveness of four strategies, namely, economic ownership, ultimate personal freedom, sense of belonging and religious belief employed by kibbutzim to sustain their lifestyles as sharing communities.

Design/methodology/approach

The study’s data collection methods include a mix of literature review and content analysis of interviews and observations conducted by the study’s researchers over a period of twenty years.

Findings

Environmental uncertainty, which served as one of the main motivators for the establishment of kibbutzim, has been diminished over their life cycle, forcing them to change their socioeconomic model of sharing. Most kibbutzim elected to employ the household’s economic private ownership strategy to move from the “maturity” to the “renewal” lifecycle stage, thereby avoiding “decline.” Three representative kibbutzim chose to deploy ultimate personal freedom, enhanced sense of belonging and shared religious practice strategies to reach the renewal stage.

Practical implications

Current crises, such as weather disasters, pandemics and wars, have demonstrated the justification for the existence of shared leadership communities. This study considers the advantages and pitfalls of economic and psychological conditions necessary for sustaining such communities over the period of their life cycles. We propose that out of the four strategies analyzed, only the strategy of economic private ownership can be sustained under conditions of global, national and commune’s increasing levels of individualism.

Originality/value

This study introduces historical, organizational and generational elements into the commonly described construct of organizational and product life cycles. It describes four variations of the communal sharing socioeconomic model that have been adopted to combat the degradation of the communes into the decline stage and evaluate their viability. The study therefore generalizes life cycle theory to non-for-profit organizations, making life cycle theory more specific.
A bibliometric study on marketing perspective of psychological ownership
Authors: Gupta Shelleka , Sharma Bonia
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aims to analyse the trend of publication in the field of psychological ownership (PO) in marketing by looking at the previous research papers. The research pinpoints the key concepts, methodology, analytical approach and the structure of PO that could open up future research path in this area of research.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper provides a bibliometric analysis of PO in marketing by using performance analysis and science mapping with data extracted from Scopus database using VOSviewer software.

Findings

Results show the trend of publications in the field of PO and found out the main themes related to the PO and also provide future research avenues for further exploration by scholars.

Research limitations/implications

The study could help researchers, firms and marketers to predict functioning of customer’s mind and their decision-making, thus enabling organizations to create a strong targeted marketing strategy to attract and engage customers.

Originality/value

The present study provides a bird’s view of psychological ownership in marketing context by applying bibliometric analysis tool. Also, the rigorous literature investigation links and integrates isolated diverse knowledge of PO that aids in developing meaningful new insights for firms and marketers.
Sustainable choices of Gen Y and Gen Z: exploring green horizons
Authors: Ghouse Suhail Mohammad , Shekhar Rishabh , Chaudhary Monica
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study explores green consumer behaviour among Generation Y (Gen Y) and Generation Z (Gen Z) in India, applying the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to assess how digital literacy and eco-friendly behaviour, alongside knowledge, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control, shape purchase intentions in line with Sustainable Development Goal 12 (SDG 12).

Design/methodology/approach

The research involved a survey of 680 randomly selected respondents from educational institutions across three northern Indian cities. Data collection was conducted using a structured questionnaire with items measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Statistical methods, including confirmatory factor analysis, were used to validate the measurement model, while descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, and regression analysis were employed to analyse the data.

Findings

The study uncovers differences between Gen Y and Gen Z regarding the factors influencing green product purchase intentions. Gen Y’s purchase intentions are shaped by attitude, digital literacy, eco-friendly behaviour, and perceived behavioural control, whereas Gen Z’s intentions are also affected by environmental knowledge and subjective norms.

Research limitations/implications

This research provides significant insights into the factors determining green consumer behaviour among Gen Y and Gen Z in India, enriching the knowledge of sustainable consumption practices. It highlights the importance of digital literacy and eco-friendly behaviour in promoting green purchase intentions, and the differing roles of environmental knowledge and subjective norms across generational cohorts.

Practical implications

Understanding the drivers behind green product purchase intentions for Gen Y and Gen Z enables stakeholders to craft specific marketing strategies, educational programs, and policy initiatives that promote sustainable behaviours and mitigate environmental impacts.

Social implications

The study’s findings have significant social implications, promoting sustainable lifestyles and behaviours among younger generations. By influencing peer groups and communities, and guiding the development of effective public campaigns and CSR initiatives, the study contributes to fostering a more informed and engaged citizenry that advocates for environmental sustainability.

Originality/value

The uniqueness of this study comes from its focus on the Indian youth demographic, the application of the TPB framework with additional variables, and its contribution to SDG 12, enhancing our comprehension of green consumer behaviour and supporting sustainability advancements in India and globally.
Research landscape and trending topics on 3D food printing – a bibliometric review
Authors: Bi Siwei , Pi Jinkui , Chen Haohan , Zhou Yannan , Liu Ruiqi , Chen Yuanyuan , Che Qianli , Li Wei , Gu Jun , Zhang Yi
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Three-dimensional (3D) food printing is an innovative technology used to customize food products through the integration of digital technology and food ingredients. The purpose of this study is to assess the current state of research in the field of 3D food printing, identify trending topics and identify promising future research directions.

Design/methodology/approach

This bibliometric review systematically evaluates the field of 3D food printing using data from published literature in the Web of Science database. After reference screening, 812 articles were included in the analysis.

Findings

The result reveals that research in 3D food printing primarily focuses on the optimization and characterization of mechanical and rheological properties of food inks and that post-printing processing, such as laser treatment, has emerged recently as an important consideration in 3D food printing. However, extant works lack animal and human studies that demonstrate the functionality of 3D-printed food.

Originality/value

This sophisticated bibliometric analysis uncovered the most studied current research topics and the leading figures in the area of 3D food printing, providing promising future research directions.
The influence of pre‐exposure to marine heatwaves on the critical thermal maxima (CTmax) of marine foundation species
Authors: King Nathan G. , Leathers Tayla , Smith Kathryn E. , Smale Dan A.
Published: August 2024

Marine foundation species underpin some of the world's most diverse ecosystems but they are increasingly threatened by intensification of marine heatwaves (MHWs). Where MHWs exceed critical thermal maxima (CTmax), increased mortality and population declines can occur. CTmax is increasingly used to assess MHW population vulnerability but studies estimating CTmax across species, range edges and thermal histories in a comparable manner remain lacking.

We determined the impact of MHWs on subsequent CTmax estimates of matched cool/warm affinity pairs of marine foundation species (kelp, seagrass and bivalves) in the Western English Channel. Following a 4‐week MHW simulation, individuals were subjected to a CTmax trial, where temperatures were raised by 2°C day−1 until physiological end points were reached.

We found no positive effect of MHWs on CTmax but clear negative impacts were observed for some groups of foundation species. Increased MHW intensity had a stepwise negative impact on the physiology of both warm (Laminaria ochroleuca) and cool water (L. digitata) kelp species that manifested in significant reductions in CTmax. Surprisingly, this was most marked in the warm water species, which runs opposite to the assumed safety of leading‐edge populations. The physiology of warm (Zostera noltii) and cool (Z. marina) seagrasses was negatively impacted by increasing MHW intensity but no significant decrease in CTmax was observed. Both bivalve species (Mytilus edulis and Magallana gigas) showed marked resistance to exposure to MHWs, which was unexpected given the observed vulnerability of these species to stressful summertime conditions.

Our results show pre‐exposure to realistic MHWs can influence CTmax values but generalities are difficult to make across groups or based on assumed thermal safety margins. We show CTmax is a labile trait and exposure to MHWs, can erode the resilience of an individual or population to subsequent thermal challenges. This leaves uncertainty within frameworks built to understand where and when MHWs will be most impactful.

Further experimentation across a wider range of species and thermal challenges is needed to better understand the dynamic nature of CTmax and field validation is needed to determine the responses of individuals and populations within complex natural systems.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Biopreparations for the decomposition of crop residues
Authors: Rowińska Patrycja , Gutarowska Beata , Janas Regina , Szulc Justyna
Published: August 2024

Recently, there has been growing interest in biopreparations that intensify the decomposition of crop residues. These preparations can promote nutrient cycling and soil fertility, ultimately supporting healthy plant growth and increasing agricultural productivity. However, the development and commercialization of biopreparations poses unique challenges. Producers of biopreparations struggle to develop highly effective preparations, which then face regulatory hurdles and must win market acceptance. This literature review provides up‐to‐date data on microbial preparations available commercially on the European market, along with information on current relevant regulations. Challenges for the development and commercialization of new biopreparations are also discussed. The development and commercialization of biopreparations require a comprehensive approach that addresses the complex interplay of microbial and environmental factors. The need for more specific regulations on biopreparations for decomposing crop residues, clearer instructions on their use, and further research on the overall impact of biopreparations on the soil metabolome and optimal conditions for their application were indicated. Moreover, manufacturers should prioritize the development of high‐quality products that meet the needs of farmers and address concerns about environmental impact and public acceptance.
The inscriptions from the Nabataean necropolis of Mughāyir Shuʿayb
Authors: Nehmé Laïla
Published: August 2024

Four rock‐cut tombs have yielded nine Nabataean inscriptions or fragments of inscriptions, five of which are already published (Nehmé, 2015, pp. 51–52). They were all photographed either by L. Nehmé in 2005 or during the surveys undertaken in 2017 and 2018 by the al‐Badʿ Archaeological Project (Charloux et al., 2021; Bigot‐Démereau et al., 2024). They are presented below according to the tomb to which they belong, the number of which is the one given by the al‐Badʿ Archaeological Project, followed, when relevant, by the number in Philby's Land of Midian (1957).
A note on the trident mark, stone worship and cult practices in Southeast Arabia
Authors: Overlaet Bruno , Jasim Sabah , Yousif Eisa
Published: August 2024

The worship of baetyls in antiquity is well documented in the Near East and the Mediterranean, archaeologically as well as historically. While such practices were also common in South‐East Arabia, the archaeological information on it is still very limited. A boulder carved with a ‘trident’ (a mark familiar from local Abiel coin issues), which came to light at the site of Mleiha, has a circular cavity on the side similar to those visible on stones and on an eagle statue from contemporary ed‐Dur. This association suggests a religious context for the Mleiha petroglyph and, thus, a possible identification as a baetyl. The archaeological evidence for stone worship and associated cult practices from the SE‐Arabian Mleiha/PIR A‐C period (3rd century bce–3rd century ce) is reviewed and compared with ethnographic parallels and information from, among other sources, the Kitāb al‐aṣnām (Book of Idols) by Hishām ibn al‐Kalbī (737–819 ce).
The use of online methods to recruit and follow a hard‐to‐reach population in the Peer Alternatives for Addiction Study 2021 Cohort
Authors: Zemore Sarah E. , Delk Joanne , Mericle Amy A. , Martinez Priscilla , Timko Christine
Published: August 2024

Background

Although studies are increasingly adopting online protocols, few such studies in the addiction field have comprehensively described their data review procedures and successes in detecting low‐quality/fraudulent data. The current study describes data collection protocols and outcomes of a large, longitudinal study (the PAL Study 2021) that implemented online design elements to study individuals seeking peer support for an alcohol use disorder.

Methods

In 2021, the PAL Study collaborated with mutual‐help group (MHG) partners and recovery‐related organizations to recruit individuals attending a 12‐step group, Women for Sobriety (WFS), LifeRing Secular Recovery, and/or SMART Recovery for an alcohol problem in‐person and/or online in the prior 30 days. Participation was solicited both online and in‐person. Individuals accessed baseline surveys via an open web link; follow‐ups occurred at 6 and 12 months. Analyses included calculating the proportion of surveys eliminated in data quality review; comparing MHG subsamples to internal survey (benchmark) data for Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), WFS, LifeRing, and SMART; and examining response rates and attrition.

Results

Although 93% of respondents who opened the baseline survey completed it, 87% of baseline surveys were eliminated in data quality review (final N = 531). Nonetheless, cleaned MHG subsamples were generally similar to benchmark samples on gender, age, race/ethnicity, and education. Follow‐up rates for the cleaned sample were 88% (6 months) and 85% (12 months). Analyses revealed some differences in attrition by gender, primary MHG, and lifetime drug problems, but there was no evidence of greater attrition among those in earlier/less stable recovery.

Conclusions

Study methods appear to have produced a valid, largely representative sample of the hard‐to‐reach target population that was successfully followed across 12 months. However, given the high survey elimination rate and need for extensive data review, we recommend that researchers avoid open‐link designs and include comprehensive data review when incorporating online design elements.
Prevalence of problematic pharmaceutical opioid use in patients with chronic non‐cancer pain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Thomas Kyla H. , Dalili Michael N. , Cheng Hung‐Yuan , Dawson Sarah , Donnelly Nick , Higgins Julian P. T. , Hickman Matthew
Published: August 2024

Background and aims

Chronic non‐cancer pain (CNCP) is one of the most common causes of disability globally. Opioid prescribing to treat CNCP remains widespread, despite limited evidence of long‐term clinical benefit and evidence of harm such as problematic pharmaceutical opioid use (POU) and overdose. The study aimed to measure the prevalence of POU in CNCP patients treated with opioid analgesics.

Method

A comprehensive systematic literature review and meta‐analysis was undertaken using MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO databases from inception to 27 January 2021. We included studies from all settings with participants aged ≥ 12 with non‐cancer pain of ≥ 3 months duration, treated with opioid analgesics. We excluded case–control studies, as they cannot be used to generate prevalence estimates. POU was defined using four categories: dependence and opioid use disorder (D&OUD), signs and symptoms of D&OUD (S&S), aberrant behaviour (AB) and at risk of D&OUD. We used a random‐effects multi‐level meta‐analytical model. We evaluated inconsistency using the I2 statistic and explored heterogeneity using subgroup analyses and meta‐regressions.

Results

A total of 148 studies were included with > 4.3 million participants; 1% of studies were classified as high risk of bias. The pooled prevalence was 9.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.7–14.8%; I2 = 99.9%] for D&OUD, 29.6% (95% CI = 22.1–38.3%, I2 = 99.3%) for S&S and 22% (95% CI = 17.4–27.3%, I2 = 99.8%) for AB. The prevalence of those at risk of D&OUD was 12.4% (95% CI = 4.3–30.7%, I2 = 99.6%). Prevalence was affected by study setting, study design and diagnostic tool. Due to the high heterogeneity, the findings should be interpreted with caution.

Conclusions

Problematic pharmaceutical opioid use appears to be common in chronic pain patients treated with opioid analgesics, with nearly one in 10 experiencing dependence and opioid use disorder, one in three showing signs and symptoms of dependence and opioid use disorder and one in five showing aberrant behaviour.
Cannabis policy bundles and traffic fatalities in the American States over time
Authors: Park Mingean , Mallinson Daniel J. , Altaf Shazib , Richardson Lilliard E.
Published: August 2024

Background and Aim

Since 1996, 38 US states have legalized access to cannabis (medical and/or adult‐use recreational). We aimed to estimate the effect of three dimensions of state cannabis policy design – pharmaceutical, permissive and fiscal – on levels of overall, alcohol‐impaired, occupant, light truck and pedestrian fatality rates.

Design and setting

Observational study of US states' overall, alcohol‐impaired, occupant, light truck and pedestrian fatalities between 1994 and 2020.

Cases

The unit of analysis was at the state level, consisting of 50 states and 27 years of time series data, resulting in a total of 1350 state‐year observations.

Measurements

Fatality rates associated with alcohol‐impaired, pedestrian, total occupant, passenger car and light truck fatality rates were obtained from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and normalized per 10 billion vehicle miles traveled. State cannabis policies are measured in three bundles (scales): pharmaceutical, permissive and fiscal.

Findings

The pharmaceutical bundle was associated with increases in all fatality rates [β = 0.145; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.116–0.173; P < 0.000]. The permissive bundle was associated with lower overall fatality rates (β = −0.319; 95% CI = −0.361 to −0.277; P < 0.000). The fiscal bundle was generally associated with higher fatality rates (β = 0.062; 95% CI = 0.043–0.081; P < 0.000), occupant (β = 0.070; 95% CI = 0.042–0.098; P < 0.000), light trucks (β = 0.049; 95% CI = 0.026–0.072; P < 0.000).

Conclusions

US state cannabis regulations influence traffic safety. Greater permissiveness in US state cannabis regulations does not appear to correlate with traffic fatality rate increases, but greater medicalization and fiscal operation does.
Real‐world data show sustained therapeutic effects of dupilumab in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) over 3 years
Authors: Huber Patrick , Förster‐Ruhrmann Ulrike , Olze Heidi , Becker Sven , Bärhold Friederike , Cuevas Mandy , Gunder Nadine , Hagemann Jan , Matthias Christoph , Klimek Ludger , Gröger Moritz
Published: August 2024

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a prevalent chronic inflammatory condition affecting the nose and paranasal sinuses, posing a significant socio‐economic impact with substantial challenges in management. Biologics targeting type 2 inflammation such as dupilumab, have emerged as promising options. This study addresses a critical knowledge gap by comprehensively evaluating the 3‐year impact of sustained dupilumab therapy in CRSwNP.

Methods

A multicentric, retrospective collection of real‐world data from five tertiary referral centers in Germany was conducted, enrolling 150 adult patients. The study investigated patient‐reported outcomes, disease‐specific indices and clinical measures, focusing on therapeutic response persistence, adverse events, and factors influencing treatment continuity.

Results

Results indicate significant improvements in clinical parameters from baseline (n = 150) with sustained effectiveness after 36 months (n = 138) as indicated in mean score ± standard deviation. Dupilumab treatment significantly improved overall disease‐related impairment (VAS score: 7.5 ± 2.5 to 1.6 ± 1.3) and rhinosinusitis symptoms (SNOT‐22: 59.4 ± 19.4 to 18.0 ± 15.0). Nasal Polyp Scores (NPS) decreased (5.3 ± 1.8 to 0.7 ± 1.1), and olfactory function improved (3.2 ± 2.5 to 8.4 ± 2.8), with three out of four patients achieving normosmia or hyposmia after 36 months. An “Excellent” treatment response according to EUFOREA23 criteria was observed in 76.5% of patients after 36 months. Sixteen patients discontinued Dupilumab, 12 permanently. Adverse events totaled 69 in 48 patients, commonly self‐limiting.

Conclusion

The study highlights the enduring effectiveness and lack of habituation to dupilumab after a sustained therapy of 3 years, providing valuable insights into its long‐term therapeutic implications for CRSwNP patients.
Impact of a drug allergy education course for non‐specialists: Findings from ADAPT—A randomized crossover trial
Authors: Lucas Michaela , Mak Hugo W. F. , Lee Jasmine T. Y. , Kulkarni Rishabh , Chan Sophia S. C. , Li Philip H.
Published: August 2024

Background

The consequences of drug allergy remain a global health concern. Drug allergy is often a neglected topic and many non‐specialists lack sufficient knowledge or confidence in evaluating or managing this common condition. Evidence‐based interventions to better equip non‐specialists to tackle drug allergy are needed. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an intensive educational course on drug allergy knowledge and practice of non‐specialists.

Methods

A randomized crossover trial (NCT06399601) was conducted among practicing physicians and nurses participating in an intensive drug allergy course—Advances in Drug Allergy & Penicillin Testing (ADAPT). Participants' baseline knowledge and self‐reported practices were assessed with standardized questionnaires (scored from 0 to 100, with “satisfactory” defined as ≥60/100). Participants were randomized into two cohorts and attended ADAPT at different time points. Serial responses before and after the course were compared within and between cohorts.

Results

Seventy participants (25 physicians, 45 nurses) randomized into two groups completed the course. Baseline drug allergy knowledge (58.0 ± 19.9) and self‐reported practice (36.9 ± 24.3) were unsatisfactory among non‐specialists, with significantly lower scores from nurses than physicians in both domains (knowledge: 49.0 ± 17.4 vs. 74.0 ± 12.7; practice: 32.1 ± 21.3 vs. 53.3 ± 23.1; all p < 0.001).

Following completion of ADAPT, participants demonstrated significant improvements in knowledge (58.0 ± 19.9 vs. 77.7 ± 15.9, p < 0.001) and self‐reported practice (36.9 ± 24.3 vs. 71.0 ± 20.2, p < 0.001). All participants (100%) and 99% of participants agreed that the course improved their clinical knowledge and practice, respectively.

Conclusions

ADAPT, an intensive drug allergy educational course was effective in improving drug allergy knowledge and practice for non‐specialists. Further longitudinal studies are required to evaluate long‐term impact.
Lung ultrasound to predict the duration of respiratory support in newborn infants with respiratory distress
Authors: Gross Maximilian , Engel Corinna , Esser Michael , Spogis Jakob , Schäfer Jürgen F. , Poets Christian F. , Haase Bianca
Published: August 2024

Aim

Lung ultrasound (LU) and clinical parameters evaluated during the first postnatal hour potentially predict the length of CPAP therapy in newborns with respiratory distress.

Methods

In a single‐centre, prospective observational pilot study, 130 newborns ≥36 weeks gestational age were assessed using standardised LU at 30 and 60 min postnatally. Various clinical parameters were evaluated influencing CPAP duration (<1 vs. ≥1 h) using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

Lung ultrasound score >5, FiO2 > 0.21 and respiratory acidosis 30 min postnatally were associated with CPAP ≥1 h. Our model showed good diagnostic quality (ROC AUC = 0.87) and was confirmed by classification and regression tree (CART) analysis. Additional LU findings like double lung point and pleural line abnormalities were frequently observed, with good interrater reliability for LU interpretation (ICC = 0.76–0.77).

Conclusion

Newborns with postnatal respiratory distress at risk for prolonged CPAP therapy can be identified based on specific LU and clinical parameters assessed 30 min postnatally. Despite the need for validation in an independent sample, these findings may lay the groundwork for a prediction tool. LU proved feasible and reliable for assessing respiratory status in this population, highlighting potential utility in clinical practice.
Letter: Light in the lumen—The expanding role of intestinal ultrasound for functional symptoms in inflammatory bowel disease. Authors' reply
Authors: Mujagic Zlatan , Aliu Arta , Bosch Daan H. C. A. , Keszthelyi Daniel
Published: August 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Aliu et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17988 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18161
Tectonic evolution of Bursa Yenişehir Basin, Turkey from the Neogene to the Quaternary using a morphotectonic approach
Authors: Taş K. Ömer , Beyhan Günay , Selim H. Haluk
Published: August 2024

In this study, the morphotectonic features of the Yenişehir pull‐apart basin in Bursa in northwestern Turkey were analysed. The faults in the region are the most important structural elements that characterize the morphology of the Yenişehir pull‐apart basin. The aim of this study is to show the deformation effects of these active faults on the geomorphology with some basic morphometric indices. The morphotectonic features were evaluated using the hypsometric curve and hypsometric integral (Hi), drainage basin asymmetry (the asymmetry factor (AF) and the transverse topographic symmetry factor (T)), river length gradient index, mountain front sinuosity, and valley floor ratio. The morphometric indices that play an important role in the analysis of catchment areas are the Hi, AF, and T indices, which indicate tilting and erosion activities. According to the results of the hypsometric curve and hypsometric integral, the Yenişehir Basin is a young basin with a uniform topography as expected in an active pull‐apart basin formed by faulting in the Quaternary. The relative tectonic activity index (Iat) of the study area was calculated using the values of hypsometric integral, transverse topographic symmetry factor, asymmetry factor, mountain front sinuosity, valley floor ratio and stream length gradient index. The Iat values indicate the tectonic activity of the basin from Pliocene to Recent. Three different tectonic classes were identified in the study area. These are class 1 (high relative tectonic activity), class 2 (moderate relative tectonic activity), and class 3 (low relative tectonic activity). The Iat classification data show that the impact of tectonic activity on the geomorphology is lower in the Iat class 3 indices than in the others. The Iat data show high tectonic activity in the region where active faults of the North Anatolian Fault Zone southern branch are located.
The price of capital goods, investment and labour: Micro‐evidence from a trade liberalization
Authors: Meleshchuk Sergii , Timmer Yannick
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we show that a reduction in capital goods prices induced by trade policies can stimulate both investment and labour. We exploit a quasi‐natural experiment in the form of a trade reform in Colombia to study how firms with differential exposure to reductions in capital goods tariffs react in terms of their investment and labour decision. Firms that see a larger decline in the input tariff for capital goods increase investment and labour for production, as well as their labour share. Reductions in input tariffs are passed through to input prices for all goods. However, only lower prices for capital, not for other goods, translate into more investment and employment of production workers.