bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Searching for Profits
Authors: Yeo ShinJoung
Published: January 2024

This chapter takes the reader through a brief history of search engine development and demonstrates that the search engine did not inherently have economic value. On the contrary, its origin was deeply rooted in non-commercial academic spaces and users and some early search engine firms opposed the idea of ads-based search engines, believing that search results should not be influenced by commerce. How then has this shift to an ads-based business model occurred? What factors and conditions have driven search engine technologies that were outside the money economy into the marketplace? The chapter answers these questions as it illustrates the process of the commodification of search in order to show the possibility of decommodification.
Situating Search
Authors: Yeo ShinJoung
Published: January 2024

This chapter illustrates that the search engine industry is dominated by Google; however, it is under extremely competitive pressures. Rather than simply exercising monopolistic power, Google is moving beyond search and competing and allying across economic sectors within the dynamics between competition and monopolistic tendency. To maintain their existing profit centers and cultivate new profit opportunities, the research shows that Google and its competitors are both competing and collaborating to configure global network infrastructures. Underneath Google’s search algorithm, there is a colossal infrastructure that consists of mega data centers, fiber optic- and submarine cable systems, and terrestrial networks connecting spatially dispersed markets.
Digital Welfare Capitalism
Authors: Yeo ShinJoung
Published: January 2024

This chapter investigates Google’s labor control and management to an earlier industrial era. Google represented itself as a new kind of corporate culture and management that has revolutionized the power relationship between labor and capital, and transcended the industrial mode of labor control. However, Google shows the similar characteristics of industrial enterprises, hierarchical labor organization, and the 19th century’s labor control mechanisms. Google’s relation between labor and capital firmly allies with its corporate accumulation strategies by artfully applying the renewed welfare capitalism management techniques of the industrial era and combining it with Taylorism under the facade of “objective” science and big data. Google’s “worker-centered” corporate management strategies show no signs of altering but rather have actually deepened capitalist social relations.
Racial Ambivalence
Authors: Malcomson Hettie
Published: January 2024

Popular renditions of the history of danzón illustrate how it was proclaimed black, then white, then black music in Cuba, and black music in Mexico. Likewise, blackness in Veracruz is flexible for lighter-skinned locals and is understood both as an identity and a non-identity. This chapter argues that political leanings and strategies have determined racialized national belonging, that is, whom and what are interpreted, adopted or co-opted as “Black” or “White.” The chapter examines static and utopian ambivalences around the racialization of people and this music-dance form in Veracruz. It analyzes how such ambivalences enable blackness to be expedient for the Port’s lighter-skinned cultural, political, and academic elites, while simultaneously making racism invisible in the Port.
Moves to Rescue
Authors: Malcomson Hettie
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines how a modernist aesthetic emerged in relation to danzón. Focusing on Mexico City and Veracruz, it elucidates how sufficient consensus was achieved for a non-heritage revival to spread throughout Mexico from the 1980s and for the movement aesthetic to change. It also explores the relationship of the disciplined dance aesthetic to age, since newcomers to danzón are mostly over fifty years old. It argues that cultural transmission to older people has generally been overlooked by scholarship, and it contends that it cannot be assumed that younger people are the future of cultural practices. It also explores how the older age of many danzón practitioners is culturally expedient for Veracruz’s culture industries, and how danzón is promoted as a local “‘tradition” and a tourist attraction in Veracruz.
Carmen and Ernesto
Authors: Malcomson Hettie
Published: January 2024

In order to enable people’s struggles and intimate feelings to be alluded to, and stories that pervade danzón practitioners’ lives to be told that would otherwise be absent, short, experimentally written vignettes are interwoven between the more conventionally written chapters of the book: most are ethnographic fiction. Vignette 6 alludes to the awkwardness and violence of Carmen and Ernesto’s romance, despite public appearances.
7 The Storm of Revolution
Authors: Hahamovitch Renny
Published: January 2024

This chapter analyzes the reaction of the Jewish anarchist movement in New York City to the rash of pogroms that broke out in the Russian Empire starting in 1903 and the first Russian Revolution of 1905. It shows how the twin issues of the revolution and the pogroms, which came to be seen as inseparable, provoked a deep reckoning with the “Jewish Question” and Jewish anarchists' commitment to internationalism. These events splintered the Jewish anarchist movement, this chapter argues, between a small but influential faction that further pursued an internationalist, English-oriented path that eschewed overt identification with Jewishness, and a larger group centered on the Fraye arbeter shtime, which embraced an anarchist project more openly rooted in Yiddish and the culture of the "Jewish Street."
Jewish American Anarchist Women, 1920–1950
Authors: Leeder Elaine
Published: January 2024

This chapter is based on interviews conducted in the 1980s with eight Jewish anarchist women between the ages of seventy-three and one hundred. Some of the women had identified as anarchists for fifty years. The interviews focused on their lives, their values, their relationships, and their political work. With remarkable candor they shared intimate details, starting with their childhoods, working their way through the most personal of issues—including family life—and finally covering their final years. These stories reveal a “politics of sexuality” through which their interpersonal relationships were strongly connected to their political ideologies, embodied on the day-to-day level.
Conclusion
Authors: Torres Anna Elena , Zimmer Kenyon
Published: January 2024

This concluding chapter assesses the past, present, and potential future of studies of Jewish anarchism. It provides an overview of the multitude of multilingual primary sources that exist and surveys the historiography of Jewish anarchism, with special attention to debates over Jewish radicalism’s connection to Judaism, to biographical approaches, and to unresolved questions regarding the topic’s relationship to Eurocentrism, whiteness, and settler colonialism. Finally, it suggests geographical, chronological, and topical areas deserving future attention from researchers.
Making the Immigrant Soldier
Authors: Dragomir Cristina-Ioana
Published: January 2024

Analyzing the impact of gender, class, and race/ethnicity upon immigrants’ integration processes, this book shows how three immigrant soldiers serving in the American military naturalized in the host country. Grounded in U.S. politics, this work uses the life stories of Lily, Alexa, and Vikrant, as well as ethnography, to explore how they enlisted and became U.S. citizens through their military service. In doing so, it reflects upon the system that the U.S. migrants enter today and shows that rather than joining an undifferentiated American military, they entered a stratified service where their identity and class are still relevant. It highlights the injustices they face, both in the civilian and in the military realm, and details how in the absence of state-run programs, the contemporary American armed forces (not unlike others) have become a driving force in accessing justice resources for minorities.
All I Desire
Authors: Russell Catherine
Published: January 2024

Douglas Sirk’s two films with Stanwyck, All I Desire (1953) and There’s Always Tomorrow (1955), compound and complicate the identification of the actor with her roles. Stanwyck’s characters are both professional women lingering on the outside of families dominated by inconsiderate teenagers. Her affective performance in the context of the emergent youth culture enables us to see her as the diva she never was. This chapter explores Stanwyck’s performance as a mode of pastiche in which Sirk’s staging and costuming make her stand out from the rest of the cast, amplifying the sense of her not belonging to middle-class families.
Gambling Ladies
Authors: Russell Catherine
Published: January 2024

Stanwyck’s characters gamble in many films, and this chapter looks at two of them: Gambling Lady (1934) and The Lady Gambles (1949). While the first is a pre-Code example of the New Woman’s social climbing through hard work and virtue on the fringes of society, the second is an exemplary social problem film in which the gambling woman is pathologized. The saloon girl is also analyzed as an exemplary female gambler in Hollywood and a key mode of empowerment for women in the western genre. Stanwyck’s affinity for gambling women is analyzed through Walter Benjamin’s association of gambling with play, innervation, and spontaneity within the Hollywood economy of spectacle.
The Lady Eve
Authors: Russell Catherine
Published: January 2024

The Lady Eve (Sturges, 1941) has been declared a “perfect film” by the critical establishment. Stanwyck’s double performance is truly extraordinary, although the viewer is not necessarily duped by her masquerade but instead impressed by the actor’s abilities. The analysis here engages with Eve Sedgwick’s theory of performativity in order to recognize Stanwyck’s split character of Jean/Eve as the hero of her own story. In a reparative reading, the final reconciliation is read as a mode of melancholia in which Stanwyck’s character is a variation on Antigone as theorized by Judith Butler.
Zeppo Marx
Authors: Russell Catherine
Published: January 2024

Zeppo Marx was Stanwyck’s agent from 1935 to 1937, helping her establish herself as a free agent within the studio system. He and his wife, Marion, also helped her find a social network in Hollywood that helped to support her career into the 1950s and ’60s. Marx also helped Stanwyck to identify with comedy, even if she developed her comic talents as a kind of con artist, as exemplified in Christmas in Connecticut (1945). The question of agency is developed in this chapter as a form of willfulness, as theorized by Sarah Ahmed.
Their Ancestors Are Watching Them
Authors: O’brien Hazel
Published: January 2024

In Ireland, families often position themselves within a lineage of an Irish Catholicism so intertwined that to leave Catholicism is to leave a part of Ireland behind also. Emotive responses towards Mormon conversion in Ireland reflect contested understandings within family groups regarding the ‘chain of belief’ of that family. This chapter explores these ideas to examine how dominant ideals regarding Mormon family can be achieved within an Irish context. In doing this, it highlights the negotiation of societal attitudes towards Mormon family norms that must be managed within Irish Mormon families.
Selling Our Dead
Authors: McCusker Kristine M.
Published: January 2024

By 1900, death care had the imprimatur of tradition, a belief that covered the very real transitions that were occurring in the rural South, even as the region had a particular reputation for being deadly. Few lived to their biblically ordained three score and ten. Death care thus reflected the sharecropping economy that had emerged after the Civil War with locals, especially Black midwives, burying the dead. This chapter follows the typical burial, from getting sick to dying to burying the dead.
Purple Coffins and Cadillac Hearses
Authors: McCusker Kristine M.
Published: January 2024

Consumer products, manufactured by former defense industries that now produced death goods, came to define the modern funeral as Southern cities exploded in population and as new causes of death (car accidents, for example) began to appear.
Revitalizing a Sick South
Authors: McCusker Kristine M.
Published: January 2024

The Second and Third New Deals then invested their expansive programs with providing good health to the South, claimed by Franklin Delano Roosevelt as the nation’s “Number 1 Economic Problem.” The WPA built a practice infrastructure--roads, hospitals--while creating a cultural infrastructure that claimed the 1900 funeral to be old and quaint. Congress also institutionalized good health in the Social Security Act of 1935.
Flying and Dying as Americans
Authors: McCusker Kristine M.
Published: January 2024

The New Deal made real inroads in making Southerners healthy, only to call on those healthier young men to fight in World War II. In contrast to World War I, the losses due to disease were minimized, but deaths on distant battlefields or to watery graves in the South Pacific meant an ambiguous death. This chapter looks at these issues through the deaths of two Southerners, Nashvillian Captain William J. Faulkner Jr., a Tuskegee Airman, and Virginian Harold Leazer, the pilot of a B-24 bomber, in Americans’ quest to make noble exactly those deaths that life extension had attempted to stop.
Mr. Associated Press
Authors: Allen Gene
Published: January 2024

This book traces the evolution during the first half of the twentieth century of Associated Press (AP), and the international news system in which it played an increasingly powerful role, through the career of its long-serving general manager and executive director, Kent Cooper. From the time he joined AP in 1910 to his retirement in 1951, Cooper shaped virtually all aspects of AP’s operations. These included the nature of its news service, competition with rivals like United Press, technological innovation, and Cooper’s ultimately successful campaign to free AP from territorial restrictions imposed by the Reuters-led international news cartel, setting the stage for it to become one of a few globally dominant news agencies. The story encompasses AP’s expansion into South America near the end of the First World War and into Japan in the 1930s; Cooper’s and AP’s complicated and ultimately compromised relationship with Nazi Germany after 1933; its embrace of celebrity coverage and soft news under Cooper’s leadership; AP’s relationship with successive U.S. presidents; Cooper’s prominence as a proponent of American “free-flow-of-information” doctrines in the 1940s; and his forceful resistance to cooperation with the Voice of America in the early years of the Cold War. Based on extensive archival research in more than a dozen repositories, the book provides a variety of perspectives on Cooper, AP, and the history of the global news system.
Apprenticeship and Ascent
Authors: Allen Gene
Published: January 2024

This chapter traces Cooper’s increasingly influential role as a senior AP manager, focusing at first on improving AP’s crucial telegraphic network. On the strength of this success (and with strong support from the U.S. government), he was sent to South America to sign up new AP members in 1918 and then to Europe to remedy deficiencies in AP’s transmission facilities. He quickly developed a highly critical analysis of the international news cartel, dominated by Reuters and Havas, and began the long process of pushing for AP to have more independence. Cooper was named general manager in 1925 (after vigorously complaining about the incumbent to AP’s president).
Politics, External and Otherwise
Authors: Allen Gene
Published: January 2024

This chapter compares AP’s and Cooper’s response to partisan complaints about its presidential election coverage in 1928 and 1932, showing the strong influence exercised by Republican supporters among AP publishers. After 1932, AP became a strong opponent of Roosevelt administration reforms, trying unsuccessfully to prevent recognition of the American Newspaper Guild union by challenging New Deal labor legislation before the Supreme Court.
Funding
Authors: Shepperd Josh
Published: January 2024

Chapter two explores how media reformers across public, private, and academic sectors built a coalition to protect AM frequencies for educational radio, and how advocates navigated the paradox of producing radio content without advertising income. The US Office of Education and Federal Communications Commission solicited the Rockefeller Foundation to underwrite research into educational radio production and audiences. Based upon suggestions from the Federal Radio Education Committee (FREC), the Rockefeller Foundation issued grantwriting mandates in line with a Communications Act to promote standardization of best practices in research and development. Rockefeller-funded projects became the backdrop of both educational media practice and audience research.
Give Me Your Best and Brightest
Authors: Laney Monique
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines the evolution of the U.S. preference system for skilled immigrants, from World War II to the Trump administration. The author gives particular attention to programs such as H-1B and OPT that U.S. policymakers implemented to attract highly skilled workers to the United States from all over the world; but despite these various programs, the United States has fallen behind in the global race for the highly skilled. Instead of looking for ways to increase the number of permanent visas for highly skilled migrants, the United States has modified its visa programs on an ad hoc and piecemeal basis, which reflects the growing divide between American employers who demand expedited entry for particular workers and the policymakers responding to popular opinion who wish to bar their entrance.
“Human Rights for All”
Authors: Bon Tempo Carl J.
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines human rights-based campaigns for immigrant rights during three key moments in the 1980s and early 1990s: the passage of the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) in 1986, the intensification of policing along the southern border in the 1980s, and the passage of Proposition 187 in California in 1994 restricting immigrants’ access to schools, medical care, and welfare programs. These episodes sparked a fierce countermovement in the United States that advocated on behalf of immigrants’ rights and dignity. Pro-immigrant activists drew on human rights language and principles, which acquired greater currency during this period, to advocate on behalf of immigrants who were increasingly vilified and dehumanized. Human rights became both a rallying cry and a tool of political organizing.
Misreading History
Authors: Schacher Yael
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines how Supreme Court cases have influenced the rights accorded asylum seekers. The failure to scrutinize U.S. government practice in handling asylum seekers in the 1960s and 1970s led the Supreme Court to set the standard of proof for “withholding of removal”—the cornerstone of refugee protection in U.S. law—too high. The chapter also analyzes Supreme Court cases from the 2010s regarding the procedures accorded asylum seekers who ask for protection at the U.S.-Mexico border. Decisions in these cases have also misread the past, particularly the long history of immigrant court challenges of detention and deportation.
Misclassification as a Business Model
Authors: Erlich Mark
Published: January 2024

Contractors began classifying their employees as independent contractors to save on labor costs. The pre-existing system of subcontracting and the reality of legitimate independent contractors in construction allowed misclassification to gain traction more easily than in other industries. Federal and state regulators made attempts to enforce employment laws but the lack of resources combined with the powerful allure of cost savings motivated contractors to adopt the business model and resulted in minimal enforcement success. Misclassification in construction long predated its now regular use in the gig economy.
Immigration, Payroll Fraud, and the Underground Economy
Authors: Erlich Mark
Published: January 2024

The emergence of immigrant workers as a component of the construction workforce accelerated the growth of the underground economy. The practice of misclassification continued but was transformed into cash compensation as it spread from the South across the country, making it even more difficult for regulatory agencies to track and combat. This chapter includes examples of successful enforcement efforts. Though the data is somewhat unreliable, studies have shown that the extent of payroll fraud is pervasive. The combination of the Roundtable’s political agenda, the restructuring of industry dynamics, and the impact of the underground economy all produced a dramatic decline in union density and overall industry compensation.
Regulators and the Challenge of Enforcement
Authors: Erlich Mark
Published: January 2024

Addressing union decline and payroll fraud involved enforcement of employment laws to create a more level playing field. The diminishing activity by federal agencies meant that most of the aggressive enforcement devolved to the state level. The studies demonstrating lost public revenue from payroll fraud prompted several state departments of labor and attorney general offices to take up civil and criminal cases. The US Department of Labor began to crack down on payroll fraud during the Obama administration, only to have its policies reversed under Trump. Biden’s DOL has resumed a more activist posture but there has been little consistency over the years.
Building a High Road Future
Authors: Erlich Mark
Published: January 2024

The concluding chapter resurrects the main challenges outlined in the book—the decrease of union density, declining wages and conditions on the job, the deskilling of the crafts—and the strategies required to expand union market share and influence. Unions can and should be more than collective bargaining instruments. At their best, they can be the social centers of members’ lives and offer a pathway out of poverty into the middle class. Craft pride and union pride are a powerful combination and can serve as the basis for a reinvigorated brand of unionism.
The Court
Authors: Secular Steven
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines the production of the NBA event and how it evolved to incorporate a more global audience. In the 1980s, as cable and satellite distribution opened possibilities for more global programming, the NBA embarked on a series of overseas exhibition games and tours in order to build a stronger overseas presence. Today, individual teams regularly use their games to market themselves to multinational audiences. Increasingly, live event production is influenced by fans watching at home around the world, as the league’s writers and producers integrate international iconography into NBA games through player uniforms, court designs, and branded game break activities. The chapter examines this relationship, the role of the commercial sponsor, and the extent to which live sport is influenced by media interests.
The House That Hoops Built
Authors: Secular Steven
Published: January 2024

The conclusion offers an in-depth examination of the NBA’s COVID-19 “bubble” games that took place at Walt Disney World from July to October 2020. As a made-for-television event in a highly mediatized environment, the bubble offered a culmination of the interrelated forces of the court, the venue, the wires, the office, and the couch in practice. By tracing the global flow of sports media, from its live performance through its mediation and consumption, the conclusion is able to fully illustrate the causes and consequences of sport as secondary to the interests of media content and capital in the multiplatform media era.
Black Caribbean Migrants and the Labor Movement and Communists in the Greater Caribbean in the 1920s and 1930s
Authors: Zumoff Jacob A.
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines Communist approaches to the Afro-Caribbean population in the United States, Panama, and Costa Rica and Afro-Caribbean migrants’ role in the international communist movement. While the international communist leadership recognized the importance of the struggle for Black liberation, among these three parties, only the Communist Party in the United States translated this understanding into increased work among the Black population. In Costa Rica and Panama, founding communist leaders did not see Black liberation as central to forging communist parties, and the Comintern could not force early communists to focus on the “Negro Question.” As a result, communists in Panama and Costa Rica failed to recruit many Caribbean migrants.
Latin America and the Communist World in the Early 1950s
Authors: Petra Adriana
Published: January 2024

This chapter sets out to analyze the political-intellectual network that in the first half of the 1950s brought together a large group of Latin American intellectuals around the pacifist and noninterventionist motives promoted by the Soviet Union through the World Peace Movement. Taking as its starting point the figure of Argentine writer María Rosa Oliver, the text sets out to observe an “anti-imperialist moment,” which, in the most critical years of the first Cold War and late Stalinism, was articulated around a transnational circuit of trips, publications, and meetings that combined communism with diverse anti-imperialist traditions.
Práticas contábeis para competitividade em propriedades rurais familiares no Vale do Mamanguape
Authors: Macedo Joao Marcelo Alves , Silva Júlia Honório da , Silva Rayssa Jerônimo Miguel da , Dias Yasmin Ohanna Pessoa
Published: January 2024

Este estudo aborda a importância das práticas contábeis na competitividade das propriedades rurais familiares na região do Vale do Mamanguape. As propriedades rurais familiares desempenham um papel crucial na economia local, porém, enfrentam desafios para se manterem competitivas no mercado agrícola em constante evolução. O estudo destaca a necessidade de adoção de práticas contábeis eficientes e estratégicas, indo além do simples registro de transações financeiras. O objetivo é analisar as estratégias contábeis que podem aumentar a sustentabilidade e a competitividade dessas propriedades, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento econômico e social da região. A pesquisa investiga as práticas da gestão contábil utilizadas, identifica desafios enfrentados pelos proprietários rurais na implementação dessas práticas e destaca os benefícios obtidos por aqueles que as aplicam corretamente. A metodologia empregada envolveu uma pesquisa de campo com proprietários e gestores de propriedades rurais familiares, utilizando questionários eletrônicos. Os resultados indicam uma diversidade de métodos utilizados para o controle financeiro, com a maioria mantendo registros detalhados de despesas e receitas. O estudo ressalta a importância da educação contínua e do acesso a recursos financeiros e tecnológicos para fortalecer a gestão contábil nas propriedades rurais familiares. Conclui-se que práticas contábeis eficientes são fundamentais para a competitividade dessas propriedades, influenciando diretamente a tomada de decisões e contribuindo para o desenvolvimento sustentável da região do Vale do Mamanguape.
Procurement of less than 8 UIT and procurement management at a national television station
Authors: Barrientos Ricra Ana Yesenia , Amaya Antón Hubert Antony , Arapa-Apaza Henry Valentin , Espiritu-Martinez Antony Paul , Ramirez Charca Edith Diana , Romero-Carazas Rafael
Published: January 2024

This means that these entities have the option of implementing mechanisms similar to those established in the state procurement regulations to regulate such procurements, however, there are entities that omit such regulations; in this context, the objective of this study was to determine whether the implementation of mechanisms for acquisitions under 8 UIT are a predictive factor for procurement management in a national television station. The study was basic or pure, quantitative, non-experimental and of association; the sample consisted of 41 collaborators belonging to the unit of analysis, in addition, a review of the documentation was conducted, through a checklist, regarding purchases of less than 8 UIT, made during the year 2022. The results of the review showed 89,23 % compliance with the internal rules and a Tau b coefficient of 0,892 and a p-value of 0,000. It is concluded that the implementation of these mechanisms is a relevant predictive factor to improve the management of purchases in the national television station, these findings have important implications in their timely accounting, which will result in decision making and process optimization in the area of acquisitions under 8 UIT and the management of purchases in the national television industry.
Socioeconomic factors and tax liability in the Villa el Salvador Industrial Park, 2022
Authors: Romero-Carazas Rafael , Del Carpio-Delgado Alfonso , Espiritu-Martinez Antony Paul , Luquiños-Sedeno4 María Guadalupe , Mamani-Laura Marilí Ruth , Arapa-Apaza Henry Valentin
Published: January 2024

The objective of this study was to determine the influence that exists between socioeconomic factors and tax compliance among entrepreneurs in the industrial park of Villa el Salvador, 2022; for this purpose, a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, explanatory level approach was used. A questionnaire was applied to a sample of 126 MYPES of the unit of analysis, whose reliability index was 0,845; the results show that socioeconomic factors have a significant influence on tax compliance among the entrepreneurs of the Villa El Salvador Industrial Park, 2022.
Conservation of flexible pavement using the PCI method
Authors: Flores Quispe Alberto Cristobal , Romero Kana Alfredo , Rojas Llanos Jhoselin Tatiana
Published: January 2024

The systematic review studied the effectiveness of flexible pavement preservation using the Pavement Condition Index method, the scientific literature of the last 05 years was analyzed through an exhaustive search in databases and those that met the inclusion criteria were selected. The objective of the research is to examine previous studies on the application of the PCI method in flexible pavement preservation programs to determine its effectiveness. An advanced search was carried out in databases such as Scopus and Web of Science in order to obtain a bibliometric record with background information to facilitate the research. The main focus was on articles that respond to the general question, present coherence, show the research objectives and have a methodology oriented to the central theme; As a result of the research, 19 articles were selected and entered in the search matrix and it was identified whether they met the relevance criteria such as the dimensions similar to the general topic. The review analyzed some limitations and areas for improvement in the application of the PCI method, these include the need to establish clear principles for the definition of the different categories of the index, as well as the standardization of the evaluation procedures, the importance of planning and continuous monitoring of the conservation measures to guarantee their long-term effectiveness was highlighted.
Lifestyles of Nursing Students
Authors: Canova-Barrios Carlos Jesús , Vizgarra Yamila Noelia , Abarza Delia Graciela , Cano Carina Beatriz , Méndez Patricia Graciela
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Lifestyle is considered a determinant of the development of several chronic non-communicable diseases and has the potential to influence academic performance and quality of life of nursing students.
Objective: To evaluate the lifestyle of students of the bachelor's degree in nursing at the University Institute of the Argentine Federal Police during the second semester of 2023.
Method: Descriptive, cross-sectional, and quantitative study. The Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile - II (HPLP-II) instrument by Nola Pender, consisting of 52 items and grouped into six dimensions, was used.
Results: We surveyed 96 students with a mean age of 26,85 years (SD: 8,27), mostly female (85,42 %), single (77,08 %), without children (71,88 %), and employed (53,13 %). The Physical Activity dimension had the lowest mean score of 15,88 out of 32,00, and the Self-Fulfillment dimension had the highest mean score of 68,32 out of 36,00. The students' lifestyle was rated as healthy in 7,29 %, regular in 61,46 % and unhealthy in 31,25 %.
Conclusion: The lifestyle of the studied students was mostly regular. Older age, male gender and being in the fifth year of the curriculum were associated with a better lifestyle.
MODERATION IN ISLAM: A CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS OF WASATIYYAH
Authors:   Institute of Islamic Understanding Malaysia (IKIM), Malaysia, Ahmad Md. Asham
Published: January 2024

What a Muslim would and should mean by "moderation" is what is signified by the term wasaṭiyyah, which is derived' from the Qurʾānic phrase ummah wasaṭ. This term is very significant because it outlines clearly from the very beginning the essential character of the Muslim nation (ummah), and defines their role and duty towards the mankind as a whole. In this paper, we shall attempt to analyse the meaning of the term according to the Qurʾān, and show that what is generally understood as moderation in contemporary discourse is not what is meant by wasaṭiyyah according to the Qur'an.
THE TRANSCENDENT UNITY OF RELIGION: A BRIEF EXPOSITION
Authors:   Institute of Islamic Understanding Malaysia (IKIM), Malaysia, Wan Ahmad Wan Azhar
Published: January 2024

This article attempts to explain and prove the fallacies of the philosophical idea of transcendentalism, a notion which purportedly claims that all religions are essentially and equally valid. It traces its origin and focuses on its spread among religious followers, particularly Muslims. It questions the truth and validity of the idea as propagated by certain renowned modern intellectuals, Muslims or otherwise, using rational proofs, classical and contemporary scholarly opinions and most importantly, textual evidences. It tries to show how these resources have been misappropriated, and in the process, exposes the deficiencies and irregularities of the arguments favouring the idea. It also seeks to remind Muslims to be wary of its detrimental consequences if subscribed.
GLOBALISATION OF KNOWLEDGE: RE-ORIENTING THE MUSLIM MIND FOR BUILDING KNOWLEDGE SOCIETIES IN THE MUSLIM WORLD
Authors:   Ahlia University, Bahrain, Al-Roubaie Amer
Published: January 2024

In recent years, globalisation has increased interconnections allowing nations greater access to trade, finance, technology, skills, knowledge and information. In the new economy driven by globalisation, knowledge has become a motor for productivity and growth in nations that have invested in knowledge creation and human capital development. Currently, however, the knowledge gap between Muslims and non-Muslims is widening and, therefore, an enabling environment based on effective knowledge strategy needs to be constructed in order to close the gap. The aim of this article is to examine the potential of building capacity for knowledge societies in the Muslim world. Generating knowledge capacity requires re-orienting the Muslim mind to become more innovative and creative.
TEACHING ARABIC LITERATURE TO FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNERS AS A MEDIUM TO BRIDGE CULTURAL GAP
Authors:   Australian National University, Australia, Al-Tamimi Huda
Published: January 2024

Teaching literature to foreign language learners provide, amongst others, helping students to understand and appreciate other cultures different from their own. To determine how desirable outcomes can be achieved in using Arabic as a foreign language classroom, this article provides a review of the relevant scholarly literature concerning teaching literature to foreign language learners in general and as a medium to bridge the gap between cultures in particular. Based on the author’s experiences using Arabic to demonstrate the role literature classes can play in improving students’ cultural-linguistic competence, this article argues that effective communication requires language proficiency and cultural competence in equal measures. It shows that it is impossible to achieve functional fluency in one without similar achievement in the other. If done well, the study of literature will lead to increased empathy with and respect for the language community, improve students’ motivation and make them more effective communicators in the target language.
RESCUING HISTORY FROM THE ORIENTALISTS: SYED MUHAMMAD NAQUIB AL-ATTAS AND THE HISTORY OF ISLAM IN THE MALAY WORLD
Authors:   National University of Singapore, Singapore, Aljunied Syed Muhd Khairudin
Published: January 2024

Exploring Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas’s interventions into debates regarding the history of Islam and the processes of Islamisation in the Malay World, this article argues that al-attas’s unique contribution to the Malay-Islamic historiography could only be fully understood by directing our attention to the problems of orientalism which al-Attas has sought to address. Al-Attas is critical of prevailing paradigms and methods of analysis adopted by orientalists which, to him, have obscured the circumstances that led to the venture of Islam in early modern Malay world. Aside from scrutinising al-Attas’s attempts to correct and expose the errors committed by a select group of scholars and intellectuals, the article illuminates the new pathways that al-Attas explored to expand the frontiers of the history of Islam in the Malay World.
DIALOG ANTARA AGAMA DALAM KONTEKS ILMU PERBANDINGAN AGAMA MENURUT PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
Authors:   University of Malaya, Malaysia, Mohd Kambali @ Hambali Khadijah , Sintang Suraya ,   University of Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia, Zainal Abidin Azmil ,   University of Malaya, Malaysia
Published: January 2024

Undoubtedly, inter-religious dialogues modelled on the West are greatly influenced by the Christian ecumenical concept. This paper intends to present inter-religious dialogues from the comparative religions perspective and within the Islamic framework. Both ḥiwār dīnī and jidāl as mentioned in the Qurʾān are conceptually consistent with the kind of dialogue carried out with tasāmuḥ and maḥabbah which enables every individual to interact in harmony. It is also part of the tawḥīd vocation in ensuring dialogue sustainability while simultaneously strengthening religious beliefs. Also encouraged is the dialectical approach, as well as analysis of religious phenomena, which is to be done during dialogues. All the aforementioned shall render the dialogue participant open-minded in finding a common ground and avoiding biasness towards other religions. Hence, the streamlining of both the ethics stemming from tawḥīd and the application of the comparative religions methodology, as argued herein, shall help participants in interreligious dialogue realise a harmonious and meaningful dialogue.
LOGIC AND THINKING: AL-FĀRĀBĪ’S CONCEPTION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO KNOWLEDGE AND EDUCATION
Authors:   University of Technology Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia, Hussein Boayo Suleiman Mohammed
Published: January 2024

The weakening position of logic as one of the core sciences in knowledge and education is mainly due to the negligence of educational institutions and students in the Muslim world of its importance and, the pivotal role that it plays as an instrument in correcting and evaluating the components of their thinking and reasoning as well as in articulating their minds. However, the current feeble state of logic in the domain of knowledge and education was not the case in earlier Muslim scholarship. This article endeavours to analyse and demonstrate alFārābī’s conception of logic concentrating on its benefits,objectives,as well as its relation to language and other sciences. The author provides an analysis of essential logical contents derived from al-Fārābī’s conception. This may aid students and urge them to study logic, thus enabling them to articulate their minds, guide their thoughts and validate their arguments in all fields of knowledge and education.
TOWARDS A MORE HOLISTIC LANDSCAPE OF TAKĀFUL SYSTEM: A PROPOSAL TO REJUVENATE THE SPIRIT OF MUTUALITY THROUGH CORPORATE WAQF MODEL
Authors:   Institute of Islamic Understanding Malaysia (IKIM), Malaysia, Mohamad Muhammad Hisyam
Published: January 2024

Modern takāful concept originally arose from several Islamic and pre-Islamic notions of risk management without any element of commercialism. A study of the doctrines of ʿaqīlah, diyah or tabarruʿ which led to the present modern takāful system, will show that the underpinning philosophies of such concepts centred on the pure spirit of co-operation (taʿāwūn), joined indemnity and mutual responsibility. Yet, the spirit seems to be waning from the contemporary takāful implementation as most takāful operators / providers run as private limited companies owned by shareholders cum investors whose motivation is to make profits. Rather, the original takāful concept is more suited for a mutual company or cooperative society. The experience by the takāful system is similar to that of the conventional insurance which began on a basis of mutuality and cooperative system before gradually changing to profiteering corporation. Amongst the factors attributed to the change was the need to have access to a suitable amount of capital at a reasonable cost, economic and regulatory pressures as well as changes in demographic and marketplace. In the quest for a takāful model with attributes of mutual company which could withstand business pressures, and most importantly, abide by all Sharīʿah requirements, all three concerns need to be harmonised under one business approach. Thus, this article attempts to propose a new takāful model which builds upon corporate waqf concept. The amalgamation of inherent features of waqf (i.e. perpetuity, irrevocability and inalienability) and philosophies of takāful (co-operation, joined indemnity and mutual responsibility) may create a holistic takāful system that is customer-centric but remains efficient and relevant to modern business requirements.
Adaptación de empresas imbabureñas a la cuarta revolución industrial en el contexto COVID-19
Authors: Guerra Dávila Frank Eduardo , Guerra Dávila Eric Oswaldo , Dávila Otero Diego Oswaldo , Chuquín Solís Katherine Estefanía , Guerrero Bolaños María Fernanda
Published: January 2024

La pandemia ha exacerbado los retos para las empresas, generando obstáculos adicionales en su adaptación a la cuarta revolución industrial. El COVID-19 ha presionado a las organizaciones para adaptarse a nuevos contextos, haciendo esencial la incorporación de tecnologías avanzadas e innovadoras. El objetivo principal de este estudio es evaluar la adaptación de empresas imbabureñas a la cuarta revolución industrial en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19, para el diseño de lineamientos estratégicos que faciliten una óptima adaptación a la I4.0. Se emplearon métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos, estructurados en tres fases: aplicación de la encuesta, análisis e identificación de los principales obstáculos tecnológicos de las empresas durante la pandemia y desarrollo de un compendio con los principales requerimientos estratégicos de adaptación a la cuarta revolución industrial. Los resultados revelan los retos y oportunidades, para las empresas estudiadas, en la adopción de tecnologías de la Industria 4.0, y enfatizan la importancia de aplicar estrategias para su integración eficiente.
Depresión vascular desde los aportes neurofisiopatológicos en las personas mayores
Authors: Cedeño Chávez María Daniela , Cuenca Vélez Diana Isabel , Laz Morales Lady Guissella , Zambrano Alcívar Yerli Yaritza , Ponce Alencastro Jhon Alexander
Published: January 2024

La depresión vascular o depresión post ictus, es un trastorno que se presenta en un porcentaje importante de personas que han padecido con anterioridad un accidente cerebro vascular, como consecuencia de éste. Los más propensos a padecer depresión vascular son las personas mayores de 60 años, pues en ellos es mayor la prevalencia de un ACV. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo estructurar una revisión actualizada que permita establecer una visión neurofisiopatológica de la depresión vascular en la persona mayor, para esto se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo, basado en el análisis documental de recopilación, revisión y análisis de fuentes bibliográficas a través diferentes motores de búsqueda y de bases de datos. Se determinó que, aunque no se tiene aún establecida la fisiopatología específica que explique la depresión vascular, existen mecanismos neurofisiopatológicos encontrados e involucrados como son la reducción de los niveles de monoaminas, una respuesta anormal neurotrófica ante el accidente cerebrovascular, un incremento de la inflamación generando desregulación del eje hipotalámico-pituitario-suprarrenal (HPA) y la excitotoxicidad intervenida por glutamato. En conclusión, se estableció a la depresión post ictus como una entidad compleja, multifactorial y heterogénea en la constitución de su patología, pero con elementos que sirven de gran aporte para conocer el proceso de la enfermedad y así poder dar un mejor abordaje terapéutico a quien la padece.
Mobile mini-DOAS measurements of the outflow of nitrogen dioxide from the Toluca Valley Metropolitan Area, Mexico
Authors: Rivera-Cárdenas Claudia Inés , Jurado Oscar E. , Ruiz-Angulo Angel , Arellano Josué
Published: January 2024

NO2 outflow fluxes were calculated from the City of Toluca, Mexico during January-February 2017 using a mobile zenith viewing mini-DOAS instrument. Measurements were performed in a cross-section of the outflow plume from the Toluca Valley Metropolitan Area with an instrument operating in the visible wavelength region (356 to 510 nm). NO2 retrievals were conducted in the 405 to 465 nm wavelength range. From these measurements, differential vertical columns of NO2 along the measurement route were derived. Using mass-averaged wind speed and wind direction from the Weather Research & Forecasting model, with a 1 km resolution, outflow fluxes of NO2 were calculated from each of the transect measurements. The average NO2 outflow flux for the entire campaign was 1.81 kg/s (156.24 ton/day). To our knowledge, this is the first time that mobile mini-DOAS measurements have been conducted around the City of Toluca and therefore the first time that NO2 outflow fluxes have been reported for this metropolitan area. Comparing our results with emissions inventories we found large variabilities of NOx emissions reported in emissions inventories and between emissions inventories and our measurements. From these discrepancies we infer that emissions inventories underestimate NOx emissions from the TVMA. This study contributes to our understanding of outflow fluxes from metropolitan areas and their possible exchange, being the Toluca Valley Metropolitan Area a few kilometers away from the Mexico City Metropolitan Area, one of the largest megacities of the world.