bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ENTREPRENEUR CHALLENGES IN MEXICO
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José , Almanza Rebeca , Calderon Patricia
Published: March 2017

As the twentieth century there has been particular interest in studying and understanding the role of the entrepreneur in Mexico because the entrepreneur benefits the economy of a country this research project aims to identify the challenges and entrepreneurial profile in Mexico, by identifying personal, social and professional skills that promote entrepreneurship successfully.
COLOQUIO: JÓVENES CONSUMIDORES EN UNA SOCIEDAD INTERCULTURAL
Authors: Bernal Peralta Jorge , Barrios Zuñiga Erick , Loayza Calderón Alan , Quiñones Baraybar Luis
Published: March 2017

Esta publicación recoge los aportes presentados en el Segundo Coloquio realizado en la Escuela de Postgrado Neumann Business School donde se analiza el comportamiento de los jóvenes influenciados por diversas culturas.Este coloquio se encuentra estructurado básicamente sobre nueve preguntas que intentan ilustrarnos sobre el comportamiento de los jóvenes ariqueños y tacneños, además de cómo afecta no sólo en las decisiones familiares al momento de realizar compras sino en las campañas de mercadotecnia de las grandes empresas.
Gunshot liver injuries grade I-III and related liver enzyme values
Authors: Radunovic Miodrag , Vukovic Marko , Radojevic Nemanja , Lazovic Ranko , Radunovic Miroslav
Published: March 2017

Background/Aim. The liver is one of the most commonly injured solid organ in patients with abdominal gunshot wounds. The aim of this study was to investigate correlation between aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels as well as correlation between liver enzymes and Injury Severity Score (ISS) among patients sustained a gunshot liver injury. Methods. The study included 30 patients with a gunshot liver injury. Patients were divided into three groups, according to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma injury grade. We included only patients with first (I), second (II) and third degree (III) injury. AST and ALT levels were also initially measured, and then consecutively each day, up to the fifth post-traumatic day, in order to determine which of them is better and more stable predictor of severity of gunshot liver injury. Results. ALT had significant positive correlation with a low-degree gunshot liver injury, on the day zero, post-traumatic day one and day two. Nevertheless, AST/ALT relation throughout post-traumatic five day period regarding an injury grade correlates best in II grade injury. At the end, strong positive correlation between ALT and ISS was observed (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Presented data clearly shows that ALT is better gunshot liver injury predictor than AST, with strong predictive value regarding injury severity, in first days after liver trauma. Therefore, it could be easily available, cheap and reliable prognostic tool for complexity of liver trauma. ALT prediction value is more significant for I and II injury, grade. Correlation between AST and ALT exists only for specific injury grade (II), but not in general.
Overall survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer after surgery treatment
Authors: Loncarevic Olivera , Acimovic Slobodan , Vukovic Jelena , Stojisavljevic Marko , Maric Nebojsa , Loncarevic Slobodan , Petrovic Marina , Milivojevic Ivana , Ignjic Gordana , Milic Gordana , Mirilo Leonida , Rancic Nemanja
Published: March 2017

Background/Aim. Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors. About 80% of all lung cancers are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). According to histopathological characteristics, the most common types of NSCLC are squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the overall survival rate in the NSCLC patients initially received surgery according to its histopathological type and T ? primary tumor, N ?regional lymph nodes, M ? distant metastasis (TNM) stages which were treated with surgical treatment, and after that, according to the TNM stage, chemotherapy protocols and/or radiation therapy. Methods. This retrospective case series study included all patients with NSCLC admitted to the Military Medical Academy in Belgrade in the period 2010?2015. A total number of selected patients was 85 (27 females and 58 males). Results. Out of 41 patients with squamous cell carcinoma, 19.5% deceased. On the other hand, in the group of patients with adenocarcinoma, 43.2% out of 44 patients deceased. The average cumulative survival was statistically significantly lower in the adenocarcinoma patients in comparison to the patients with squamous cell carcinoma (1,605.2 vs.1,304.8 days; p = 0.005). On the other hand, the average cumulative survival was statistically significantly lower in our patients in the recurrence group with adenocarcinoma in comparison to the recurrence group with squamous cell carcinoma (1,212.8 vs. 1,835.5 days; p = 0.032). Conclusion. Adenocarcinoma is more aggressive cancer in comparing to squamous cell carcinoma with lower overall survival in comparing to squamous cell carcinoma. Additional studies are needed to identify risk factors for recurrence after surgery, and to additionally explain role of tumor markers and molecular biological techniques in the progression of this kind of cancer.
Multidisciplinary treatment of complex skeletal class III malocclusion
Authors: Cutovic Tatjana , Radojicic Julija , Stosic Srboljub , Mladenovic Irena , Kozomara Ruzica
Published: March 2017

Introduction. Skeletal malocclusions, especially those with a prominent vertical component, always present a challenge for the interdisciplinary approach to their treatment planning. The aim of this report is to present a patient with a complex skeletal deformity in all three directions (vertical, sagittal and transverse). Case report. A twenty-four year old female patient with a skeletal Class III malocclusion, open bite and laterognathia, was firstly treated by orthodontic fixed appliances, whereas the dental decompensation of dentoalveolar structures was carried out and adjusted to their bone structures, thus enabling an adequate and sufficient reposition of the jaw. A surgical correction included bi-maxillary osteotomy due to pronounced vertical cephalometric parameters, necessitating a posterior maxillary intrusion and mandibular repositioning. In that manner, the relapse was prevented and a long-term stable result obtained. In the retention period, the patient wore removable bi-maxillary retention devices. Conclusion. The combined orthodontic-surgical treatment provided the Class I occlusion with aesthetic and functionally satisfactory results which were envisioned by the treatment plan.
Dried blood spot: Utilizing dry blood for pharmacokinetic investigations - an old method with great future for therapeutic drug monitoring
Authors: Golocorbin-Kon Svetlana , Mikov Momir , Cvejic-Hogervorst Jelena , Al-Salami Hani , Maksimovic Vladimir
Published: March 2017

nema
The relation of stress coping strategies and self-handicapping strategies to the process of opiate addicts behavior changes
Authors: Jovanovic Mirjana , Dickov Aleksandra , Kajtez Marija , Dickov Veselin , Dragisic Tatjana
Published: March 2017

Background/Aim. During a progress of addictive behavior treatment, the strategies of coping with stress are engaged, but addicts may continue with self-handicapping behavior which is opposite to changing a problematic behavior. The aim of this study was to examine the stress coping (CS) strategies and self-handicapping (SH) strategies in relation to the process of addictive behavior change. Methods. In the descriptive clinical study, the sample of 200 consecutively recruited inpatient opiate addicts were explored. They underwent methadone therapy. The general information questionnaire, the Indicator of coping strategies (CSI), SHquestionnaire for assessing self-handicapping behavior (SH) and the University Rhode Island Change Assessment (URICA) questionnaire for the assessment of process of change were completed. The Student t-test, Pearson?s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were applied. The SPSS for Windows was used and the p ? 0.05 defined as statistically significant. Results. Among the CS, there were significant correlations between avoiding problems strategy and all SH strategies (p ? 0.02). The social support was directly proportionate to the process of change (p = 0.03, ? = 0.35). However, the process of change inversely correlated to internal handicaps in interpersonal relationships strategy (IHI) (p = 0.02; ? = -0.54) and strategy of focusing to the problem (p = 0.00, ? = -0.44). Conclusion. The significant positive predictor for the process of addictive behavior change was a strategy of social support, but focusing on the problem and the strategy of internal handicaps in achievement situations were significant negative predictors. The evaluation of motivation process and stress coping strategies could be useful for creation of improved tailored treatment of opiate addiction.
Deindustrialization and the working class in Serbia
Authors: Novakovic Nada
Published: March 2017

In this paper the author analyzed and described the most important systemic
causes of the process of deindustrialization and the disappearance of the
working class in Serbia. The initial hypothesis was: a process of
deindustrialization was determined by systemic factors, i.e. the character of
the new ruling class, the range of models of transition and privatization,
and the place of the country in the world capitalist system. It was also
influenced by the character of trade union organizations, and both old and
new forms of workers? resistance to the loss of economic and social rights.
In the first part of the paper were studied the characteristics of
industrialization and the working class before the transition, specific
features of capitalist and socialist modernization, industrialization and
urbanization in socialist Yugoslavia and Serbia. A special attention was paid
to the financial status, characteristics and structure of the working class
before the transition. The second part is devoted to the problems of
transition, privatization and deindustrialization in Serbia over the last
quarter of a century. The author pointed to the most important subjects of
social transition, their social power and influence over the selection and
implementation of a specific model of privatization. They have a decisive
role in the destruction of the old and the emergence of the new social
structure of society in the periphery of the capitalist system. It is
particularly emphasized that privatization led to deindustrialization of
Serbia and deterioration of the working class. Finally, the author concluded
that during the transition public property was destroyedas well as the most
important economic and industrial activities, and the working class was
systematically marginalized. An agrarian society was created, without
material and other assets to continue modernization and democratic processes.
Consequences of divergent monetary policies of the highly industrialised countries on global and local level
Authors: Djukic Djordje
Published: March 2017

In contrast to the USA, negative interest rates in the Eurozone and other
European countries, as a result of unprecedented expansionary monetary policy
implemented by the European Central Bank since 2014, will have far-reaching
negative consequences. Decisions of citizens to withdraw deposits from banks
and keep them in safe deposit boxes, invest in real estate and land, and
decisions of companies to hold large amounts of cash or to buy-back shares
and close up, under conditions of divergent policies of central banks in
highly industrialized countries, indicates the presence of risk of secular
stagnation. Faster recovery of the USA economy and normalization of FED
monetary policy through the cycle of increasing the key interest rate will
contribute to further strengthening of the US dollar against the euro. It
will significantly increase the burden of foreign debt servicing for highly
indebted countries that have borrowed in US dollars. This is the case with
Serbia. Continuation of ECB expansionary monetary policy would have a
positive impact on real GDP growth in Serbia in 2017. Close to zero interest
rates on the savings of citizens in Eurozone would negatively influence its
future economic growth. Negative effects of such a policy will also be
manifested in Serbia because the interest rates on savings in banks are also
close to zero.
Preservation of national identity as one of UNESCO’s roles
Authors: Cujic Miodrag
Published: March 2017

The cultural heritage and historical monuments are silent witnesses of social
development and they deserve a special place in the world?s annals, both in
material and in spiritual sense. In this regard, UNESCO has undertaken a
number of measures which recognize such values. However, the current
international events directly usurp cultural and historical features using
international politics which in the process of globalization puts in an
uncertain position the characteristics of certain national identities. The
jurisdiction of this international organization is compromised by pressures
of leading international subjects. By defining its strategic objectives, the
position of the state sovereignty of its member states is determined.
Consequently, it is necessary to induce the criteria and proposals to prevent
such tendencies in order to preserve not only the cultural heritage of a
nation, territory, religious population, but also its identity and its
statehood.
The United Nations and the fight against modern terrorism
Authors: Lecic Borisa
Published: March 2017

This paper presents basic features of modern transnational terrorism,
especially its forms evolving in the aftermath of al Qaeda?s attack on the US
on September 11, 2001. It emphasizes current problems which put the strain on
international relations, especially among the most influential countries in
the world. These problems directly reduce the efficiency and limit the
effects of antiterrorist activities on the global scale. The central part of
the paper focuses on the most important activities of the United Nations,
primarily manifested in a number of Security Council resolutions, in finding
mechanisms, creating and organizing subjects of international law in the
struggle against this most prominent security problem and political
phenomenon that still poses an enigma for the modern world, individual
states, their leaders, relevant specialized agencies and scientific
community.
Art museums and galleries: Educational programs and resources for teachers
Authors: Pavlovic Marija
Published: March 2017

This paper gives the analysis of educational programs and resources for
teachers in art museums and galleries in the world and in Serbia. Nowadays,
in attempt to follow contemporary tendencies in art education, a significant
attention is payed to development of educational programs in art museums and
galleries. There is also a strong pursuit to build connections between these
cultural institutions and teachers. The goal of this paper is to present
selected examples of practices in museums and galleries, programs and
resources for teachers, based on preschool and primary school approaches and
strategies of teaching using works of art. Research on different aspects of
collaboration between kindergartens and schools with institutions of culture
is also presented in this paper. Research results indicate that there is no
satisfactory collaboration among these institutions in our environment.
Schools and kindergartens should support teachers by providing
developmentally encouraging environment for maintaining collaboration, so
children should get a chance to study works of art more frequently.
Social significance of cooperative homes in the post-socialist context
Authors: Arandjelovic Milos , Videnovic Aleksandar
Published: March 2017

Mass construction of cooperative homes in the territory of ex-Yugoslavia at
the end of the WWII represented a first step in the general socialist
transformation of villages. As the engines of social and cultural life in
rural regions, these facilities were situated in central locations in
settlements. These were the first multi-purpose buildings, and their
architecture reflected the values of socialist ideology that was supposed to
be adopted in the following period. Later, when these values became obsolete,
it was considered that all principles of the socialist model of planned
organization of rural settlements should be rejected, thus letting the
heritage of this period of time, regardless of its contribution, fall into
disrepair. Cooperative homes represented the linchpin of the planned
organization of rural settlements, belonging to the practice of fast and
reckless urbanization of villages. A large number of these buildings built
throughout ex-Yugoslav republics today represent a specific challenge from
the aspect of their repurposing. This research paper, hence, aims to review
the options for their potential redeployment and inclusion in modern social
trends.
Exit Failure and Success
Authors: Arshed Jaydeep Pancholi Norin
Published: March 2017

It may seem odd to learn about business exit and failure in a book about entrepreneurship and starting and growing successful businesses. However, it has been reported by the U.S. Small Business Administration that approximately 10% of all firms in the United States fail each year (Knott and Posen, 2005). In the UK, the rate is thought to be similar with 20% of businesses failing in their first year while a further 30% fail within the first three years (BIS, 2013). It is crucial to understand what is meant by business exit and failure to ensure that entrepreneurs and governments can learn from, and respond to failure. This chapter explores the meaning and importance of business failure followed by why firms fail and the effect this can have on the entrepreneur. It also discusses how to avoid such failures and provides an insight into some famous failures.
Diversity in Entrepreneurship
Authors: Nguyen Harveen Chugh Michelle
Published: March 2017

Diversity refers to groups of individuals of varied race, culture, gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, social background, age, disability, political beliefs and other traits. In theory, diversity within the global population should be reflected in entrepreneurial activity, yet entrepreneurship is relatively homogenous. Research has shown that diversity affects entrepreneurship (Audretsch et al., 2008). Understanding diversity further allows us to recognize the motivations and challenges affecting entrepreneurs. Moreover, as we grow a new generation of entrepreneurs, we must identify and break down barriers to support them in their journey towards success. Increased understanding of diversity is not only of value to entrepreneurs, but also to educators, researchers and policymakers.
Enterprise Policy
Authors: Arshed Norin , Danson Mike
Published: March 2017

Over the last 30 years, the importance of entrepreneurship to employment, innovation, productivity and income growth has led to an interest in enterprise policy (Shane, 2008; Blackburn and Smallbone, 2008). Enterprise policies have been seen to encourage economic growth, create jobs and generate economic development (Audretsch and Beckmann, 2007), with the aim of meeting economic and social challenges (Wright et al., 2015). Acknowledging the importance of entrepreneurs and Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) allows an understanding of why so much attention is being paid to enterprise policy. This chapter answers the following fundamental questions in order to define, understand and review enterprise policy: What is enterprise policy? What is the economic rationale for undertaking enterprise policy? Why has enterprise policy become so important? What are the main instruments of enterprise policy?
Cartelera panorámica de propaganda política de elecciones federales 2015 en Ciudad Juárez, México, con fotografías analizadas desde el visual framing
Authors: Ojeda Arredondo Armando
Published: March 2017

El presente estudio se enfoca en analizar desde el visual framing (denotativo y connotativo) los actos comunicativos de la propaganda política en las carteleras panorámicas o espectaculares con fotografías de los candidatos a diputados federales en las elecciones del 2015, en los cuatro distritos electorales de Ciudad Juárez, México. La aproximación al estudio es cualitativa, con un enfoque funcionalista, empirista e interpretativo; la recolección de datos se realizó mediante tomas fotográficas a espectaculares de los candidatos, las cuales fueron analizadas visualmente en dos niveles: denotativo (datos biográficos de la imagen: individual/grupal; rol protagónico/secundario; edades, género y pose) y connotativo (datos de codificación fotográfica: encuadre, ángulo, luminosidad, estatismo/dinamismo, gestualidad y color). Los resultados revelan que de los diez partidos y un candidato independiente, cuatro no utilizaron espectaculares con fotografías y tres partidos los incluyeron en sus cuatro distritos electorales. Con respecto a los datos biográficos de la muestra encontramos que los candidatos mostraron 80 % de participación individual, 88 % un rol protagónico, 50 % tenía entre 40 y 50 años, 48 % eran mujeres y 52 % hombres, y que posaron en tres cuartos. A partir de los datos de codificación fotográfica, el encuadre mostró que 52 % se ubicó en plano medio corto, la mayoría con ángulo de nivel. La luz utilizada fue de clave alta (96 %), la representación estática mostró 60 % y la expresión facial de gestualidad caracterizada por la sonrisa alcanzó 92 %. En cuanto al color de la ropa, el más utilizado fue el blanco con 48 %, la ropa casual alcanzó 64 % y los accesorios (aretes) 24 %. En conclusión, los datos biográficos revelan una lectura visual centrada solo en el candidato; con respecto a los datos de codificación fotográfica, el ángulo describe naturalidad objetiva y busca transmitir una sensación de estabilidad y tranquilidad, mientras que la pose frontal establece una mirada, un diálogo latente dirigido al electorado; el color blanco de la ropa denota una posición neutra que refleja la pureza de las intenciones electorales. La fotografía de la cartelera panorámica de estas elecciones políticas pretende comunicar seguridad y tranquilidad al electorado. Finalmente, es importante mencionar que los cuatro ganadores de esta contienda electoral utilizaron panorámicos con fotografías como parte de su propaganda política, lo que abre una nueva línea de investigación para determinar la influencia en general de la publicidad exterior y en particular de los espectaculares en los resultados de la elección.
Diagnóstico e prognóstico sobre o tratamento de resíduos sólidos do programa Coleta Seletiva do município de Esteio-RS, em uma cooperativa de reciclagem
Authors: Sabedot Sydney , Anton Daniel Augusto , Koetz Juliana
Published: March 2017

A Lei Federal 12.305/2010 promulgou a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, descrevendo as diretrizes para gestão integrada e gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos e responsabilidades do poder público. A Prefeitura Municipal de Esteio-RS vem ampliando a coleta de resíduos no programa Coleta Seletiva, gerando aumentos de massa de resíduos para reciclagem. Os resíduos são destinados à Cooperativa de Trabalhadores da Reciclagem de Esteio, que recicla e vende os materiais. A cooperativa precisa estar adequada quanto a equipamentos e operações para tratar a crescente massa e manter conexão com os objetivos do programa. Para se conhecer a realidade acerca dos equipamentos e operações da cooperativa e perceber seu potencial para atender as demandas futuras do Coleta Seletiva, realizou-se um estudo sobre diagnóstico operacional, que resultou no prognóstico com sugestões para melhorar suas operações. O estudo identificou diversos problemas na infraestrutura predial, na manutenção de máquinas e equipamentos, nos processos de triagem e nos fluxos operacionais. Assim, a cooperativa já opera com dificuldades para atender a demanda atual. Sem reestruturação não terá condições para receber o aumento de demanda do Coleta Seletiva. Este artigo relata os resultados do diagnóstico operacional realizado na COOTRE e faz o prognóstico com recomendações para a sua reestruturação.
A memória do risco na alta modernidade: dos pontos de tensão às controvérsias tecnocientíficas
Authors: Hubner Alysson , Paese Joel
Published: March 2017

O artigo analisa o problema do risco na alta modernidade a partir do conceito de “memória do risco”, no contexto da relação entre “pontos de tensão” e "controvérsias tecnocientíficas”. Para isso, investiga-se o caso do risco da gripe aviária e da gripe suína. O artigo está dividido em duas seções. A primeira trata da “sociedade de risco” e como esse conceito permite articular a ideia de pontos de tensão com o debate sobre controvérsias tecnocientíficas. Na segunda, analisa-se de que maneira os pontos de tensão e as controvérsias podem ser entendidos pelo conceito de “memória do risco” na alta modernidade. Conclui-se que as diferentes práticas assumidas frente aos dois riscos analisados são explicadas pela influência da “memória do risco”.
Movimentos das Águas Caboclas: narrativa visual, cotidiano e ruptura na comunidade pesqueira de Regência Augusta-ES
Authors: Bicalho Charlene Sales , Trigueiro Aline , Knox Winifred , Behr Ricardo
Published: March 2017

O presente artigo tem o interesse de refletir sobre os processos de mudança social em curso na vila de Regência Augusta (localizada no município de Linhares-ES). Visa problematizar a relação entre o cotidiano da atividade pesqueira e os elementos de ruptura que estão ganhando forma na vida desta pequena localidade, palco de instalação de projetos modernizadores, sobretudo de cunho econômico, como por exemplo, o petróleo e a celulose. Por meio de uma escrita ensaística, o texto acolhe a imagem fotográfica enquanto procedimento reflexivo e de observação, e também de aproximação e diálogo com os(as) pescadores(as) do lugar. Os resultados da pesquisa revelam algumas mudanças já em curso na prática da pesca artesanal, no entanto não desconsideram as formas de resistência e de reafirmação dessa cultura na própria configuração do cotidiano local.
Da paixão à “ajuda animalitária”: o paradoxo do “amor incondicional” no cuidado e no abandono de animais de estimação
Authors: Pastori Érica Onzi , Matos Liziane Gonçalves de
Published: March 2017

Neste artigo abordaremos, por um lado, o processo de humanização dos pets, mostrando que está em curso, em diversos níveis, uma maior aproximação dos seres humanos aos seus animais de estimação, movidos por uma "paixão animalitária” e gratificados pelo “amor incondicional” recebido de seus animais de estimação. A “família multiespecífica”, o médico veterinário dessa família e o mercado pet apontam para uma nova configuração em relação ao tratamento desses animais. Por outro lado, como contraponto, traremos os casos em que, para além do cuidado e do investimento, há o descarte e o abandono, o que envolve grupos engajados numa "ajuda animalitária", dispostos a resgatar e prestar auxílio a estes animais necessitados.
Diálogo e teoria crítica: uma reflexão a partir do seminal “Xamanismo, Colonialismo e o Homem Selvagem: Um estudo sobre o terror e a cura”, de Michael Taussig
Authors: Rebuzzi Daniele Da Costa
Published: March 2017

A partir da consagrada etnografia de Michael Taussig (1987), reflete-se sobre o uso da teoria crítica de Walter Benjamin em antropologia e os conflitos epistemológicos da disciplina que emergiram a partir da década de oitenta. Embora os debates se deem em contexto pós-colonialista, as diferentes propostas teóricas ensejam consequências diversas. Enquanto para os defensores do “encontro etnográfico” as aporias da teoria social levam a uma falta de diálogo com o outro, a teoria crítica, na qual Taussig busca inspiração, coloca-se ao lado da problemática da consciência histórica, projetando o outro como espelho do ocidente. Tais questões remetem à tradição compreensiva da disciplina antropológica e sua função política.
Leitura e literatura, literatura e Estado
Authors: Souza Ronis Faria de
Published: March 2017

Este artigo, a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica, faz uma exposição de questões que envolvem leitura e literatura, literatura e Estado. Traz à tona questões importantes da relação da leitura literária contemporânea com os desafios e obstáculos à sua prática. Além disso, revisa e atualiza, de modo pontual, a forma como se elaborou e se dá a relação da literatura com o Estado. Especialmente, demonstra o seu comportamento dinâmico, ora comportando-se como se fosse de Estado e ora como se fosse contra o Estado. Por fim, chega à compreensão de que leitura, literatura e Estado são instituições imbricadas e agem em cenários de intersecção. O desenvolvimento de cada uma delas depende da qualidade de articulação que estão tendo umas em relação às outras.
Dilemas da gestão democrática vistos a partir da análise de uma instituição participativa (Planos Diretores Municipais, PDs)
Authors: Borges Pedro Célio Alves , Bernardes Genilda D'Arc , Garbelim Marcello Soldan
Published: March 2017

Desde a Constituição de 1988 os PDs integram as agendas dos movimentos por direitos à moradia, defesa ambiental e controle social sobre as tendências predatórias do capital, como objeto relevante para o conhecimento e a intervenção política que associam cidade e democracia. A literatura sobre as avaliações das primeiras experiências dos PDs destaca que o impacto democratizante dos PDs é parcialmente confirmado, com distintos significados: 1. os PDs tornam-se marco jurídico essencial para o combate às desigualdades nas grandes cidades; 2. apesar de incentivarem gestões participativas, eles cumprem função homologatória de políticas dos executivos, revelando natureza democrática inferior às dos OPs e dos Conselhos de Políticas Públicas; 3. nos PDs a clássica oposição entre tecnocracia e política atualiza-se. Ademais, as conclusões geradas nas três vertentes nem sempre resultam antagônicas. Neste trabalho abordamos os PDs como uma instância politicamente referida, com base em investigação de proposta de revisão do PD duas vezes encaminhada pela Prefeitura de Goiânia à Câmara de vereadores, em 2012 e 2013. A metodologia centra-se na abordagem qualitativa. O debate sobre seus conteúdos revelam as disputas entre interesses, discursos e recursos de legitimação – de empresários, líderes comunitários, ambientalistas e vereadores –, engendrados para influenciar as definições da política urbana na cidade.
O Congresso Nacional e a Judicialização da Política: o uso das Ações Diretas de Inconstitucionalidade pelos principais partidos de oposição no Brasil
Authors: Zuccolotto Vinicius Rodrigues
Published: March 2017

Com a redemocratização, o Brasil ganhou uma Constituição que proporciona novos direitos e novas formas de pleiteá-los junto ao Judiciário. Além disso, novos atores foram legitimados para usar determinadas ferramentas jurídicas – ainda que tais ferramentas possam ser usadas com cunho político. É nesse contexto que se inserem a Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade, que visa a retirada do ordenamento jurídico de norma que fere a Constituição. Tal ação pode ser proposta por partidos políticos – entre outros diversos atores. E os partidos fazem o uso deste tipo de ação, sobretudo os partidos alijados da coalizão governista. O artigo se propõe a estudar as ações propostas pelos principais partidos de oposição aos governos Fernando Henrique Cardoso e Lula.
Expediente
Authors: Caderno Eletrônico de Ciências Sociais Cadecs -
Published: March 2017

***
Infertility and moral luck: The politics of women blaming themselves for infertility
Authors: McLeod Carolyn , Ponesse Julie
Published: March 2017

Infertility can be an agonizing experience, especially for women. And, much of the agony has to do with luck: with how unlucky one is in being infertile, and in how much luck is involved in determining whether one can weather the storm of infertility and perhaps have a child in the end. We argue that bad luck associated with being infertile is often bad moral luck for women. The infertile woman often blames herself or is blamed by others for what is happening to her, even when she cannot control or prevent what is happening to her. She has simply had bad luck. We focus on the self-blame of infertile women and show how it stems from pro-natalism that targets women. We also argue that overall for women, regret is a better moral response to infertility than self-blame.
Remembering FAB’s past, anticipating our future
Authors: Donchin Anne
Published: March 2017

This essay reviews and evaluates the accomplishments of The International Network on Feminist Approaches to Bioethics (FAB) over its initial fifteen years. It focuses on the origins, development, and expanding influence of FAB as a multidisciplinary organization of feminist bioethicists. Also noted are areas of bioethics that as yet have not been adequately addressed from feminist perspectives, including intersections between health and human rights, gender disparities in the treatment of chronic disease, health research priorities that shortchange women, HIV/AIDS proliferation among women in the global South, the health needs of recent migrants, and the encroachment of corporate interests on bioethics.
Better than well: American medicine meets the American dream, by Carl Elliot
Authors: Thachuk Angela
Published: March 2017

Carl Elliot, Better than well: American medicine meets the American dream, New York: W.W. Norton, 2003, reviewed by Angela Thachuk
Whither bioethics? How feminism can help reorient bioethics
Authors: Sherwin Susan
Published: March 2017

This paper argues that the various approaches to ethics that bioethicists rely on are not adequate to provide effective moral guidance in how to avoid a series of looming human catastrophes (associated with such threats as environmental degradation, war, extreme poverty, and pandemics). It proposes development of a new approach to ethics, dubbed public ethics, that simultaneously investigates moral responsibilities at multiple levels of human organization from the individual to international bodies. It argues that feminist relational theory can provide guidance to development of this new type of ethics, and it warns against obstacles bioethicists face in its pursuit.
In vitro veritas: New reproductive and genetic technologies and women’s rights in contemporary France
Authors: Reineke Sandra
Published: March 2017

This study examines recent French bioethics laws governing the uses of new reproductive and genetic technologies (NRGTs)—including in-vitro fertilization, surrogate motherhood, prenatal diagnostics, sex selection, and cloning—in light of feminist claims to women’s rights, especially a woman’s right to reproductive freedom. To this end, the study explores two interrelated questions: First, to what extent have French feminists supported NRGT development and treatment? Second, to what extent do French national bioethics debates, laws, and policies reflect feminist reactions to NRGTs? The investigation of these questions is informed by recent theories of state feminism that show how national policy debates are gendered by particular sets of feminist ideas, and how policy choices resulting from these debates turn some of these ideas into law (McBride Stetson and Mazur 1995). Some of the most pressing feminist concerns in this area include women’s loss of control over their bodies and fertility, women’s exploitation and commercialization of their bodies, and women’s health risks from NRGTs.

The analysis of pronouncements by French feminist writers, researchers, and policy-makers reveals a multiplicity of feminist stances on NRGTs, showing keenly how feminists contest what constitutes effective feminist public policies to illuminate the fact that these policies are subject to shifting political contestations, rather than the reflection of a fixed set of feminist ideas. While contemporary French feminists grapple with the potential merits and dangers of NRGTS, the study shows that feminists generally seem to support NRGTs, as long as French law protects women’s reproductive autonomy. Seen in this light, France’s strong sense of the right to procreate through facilitation of access to NRGTs is not a contradiction of France’s strong social and legal support for women’s reproductive freedom, but rather enables French lawmakers to regulate NRGTs more effectively.
Gender equity in clinical trials in Canada: Aspiration or achievement?
Authors: Peppin Patricia , Mykitiuk Roxanne
Published: March 2017

Achieving gender equity in clinical trials requires that women be included in sufficient numbers to carry out analysis, that sub-sample analyses be performed, and that results be communicated in such a way as to expand medical knowledge, inform policy decisions, and educate patients. In this article, we examine the extent to which Canada promotes gender equity through its laws and guidelines, viewed within the context of its drug safety system and its research ethics board structure. We analyze the structuring of information by the pharmaceutical industry and consider the impact of its promotional activities on the state of gender knowledge and health. In the final section, we propose ways to improve the structuring of health information to promote gender equity.
Bioethics and women across the life span, by Mary Briody Mahowald
Authors: Bergeron Véronique
Published: March 2017

Mary Briody Mahowald, Bioethics and women across the life span, New York: Oxford University Press, 2006, reviewed by Véronique Bergeron
The second wave: Toward responsible inclusion of pregnant women in research
Authors: Lyerly Anne Drapkin , Little Margaret Olivia , Faden Ruth
Published: March 2017

Though much progress has been made on inclusion of non-pregnant women in research, thoughtful discussion about including pregnant women has lagged behind. We outline resulting knowledge gaps and their costs and then highlight four reasons why ethically we are obliged to confront the challenges of including pregnant women in clinical research. These are: the need for effective treatment for women during pregnancy, fetal safety, harm from the reticence to prescribe potentially beneficial medication, and the broader issues of justice and access to benefits of research participation. Going forward requires shifting the burden of justification from inclusion to exclusion and developing an adequate ethical framework that specifies suitable justifications for excluding pregnant women from research.
Use as directed (by the global AIDS metropole): The “prostitute” and “sex worker” identities in Antananarivo, Madagascar
Authors: Stoebenau Kirsten
Published: March 2017

Borrowing the notion of “metropole” and applying it to global HIV/AIDS policy, I describe how a global AIDS metropole generates, maintains, and diffuses specific identities related to the HIV pandemic throughout the world, concentrating on the prostitute and sex worker identities. I first describe the dominant, and increasingly polarized, Western discourses that have shaped these identities over time. I then specifically address the inappropriate application of the sex worker and prostitute identities to women who practice three different forms of sexual exchange in Antananarivo, Madagascar. Through an ethnography of women engaged in the sexual economy, I explore the disconnect between the discourse and assumptions underlying policies issuing from the global AIDS metropole, as compared to the realities of women’s lives. I discuss potential negative health consequences of the inappropriate application of these labels, both for women participating in the sexual economy and for the population in Antananarivo at large. Finally, I consider the role that relational feminist theory could play in contributing toward a paradigmatic shift in how the global AIDS metropole approaches core-groups such as sex workers or prostitutes.
Mommy, what did you do in the industrial revolution? Meditations on the rising cesarean rate
Authors: Plante Lauren A.
Published: March 2017

As the cesarean rate rises in the United States, it is sometimes hailed as a move toward increased safety or increased autonomy. But the industrialization of birth may have consequences which actually decrease women’s autonomy and strip choices away.
End-of-life decision making: A cross-national study, edited by Robert H. Blank and Janna C. Merrick
Authors: Wayne Katherine
Published: March 2017

Robert H. Blank and Janna C. Merrick, End-of-life decision making: A cross-national study, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2005, reviewed by Katherine Wayne
The ethics of care: Personal, political, and global, by Virginia Held
Authors: Mahowald Mary
Published: March 2017

Virginia Held, The ethics of care: Personal, political, and global, New York: Oxford University Press, 2006, reviewed by Mary Mahowald
Trust and responsibility in health policy
Authors: Schwartz Meredith Celene
Published: March 2017

Discussions of both personal responsibility and the importance of trust in health-care settings are increasingly prominent in the bioethics literature. In this paper I link the two discussions and argue that health policies that include personal responsibility ought to address climates of social trust. Trust is a social good that is not always fairly distributed. Disadvantaged social groups often face default distrust. I suggest that agent-centered models in which responsibilities are negotiated do a better job of repairing social distrust than authoritative models in which responsibilities are assigned. Attending to climates of trust, distrust, or antitrust is essential for addressing health inequalities.
Evidence-based medicine and patient autonomy
Authors: Bluhm Robyn
Published: March 2017

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) was developed to ensure that health-care decisions are based on the best available research evidence. Making this evidence available to patients is supposed to increase their autonomy by putting them in a position to make better-informed choices. In this paper, I draw on work in feminist bioethics to critique EBM’s approach to involving patients in decision making, in which patients are asked merely to select their preferences among various possible treatment outcomes but are not encouraged to actively contend with the effects of illness on their lives as a whole.
Why reading the title isn’t good enough: An evaluation of the 4S approach to evidence-based medicine
Authors: Borgerson Kirstin
Published: March 2017

Proponents of evidence-based medicine (EBM) have recently suggested a “4S” approach to clinical decision making in which physicians are advised to rely on increasingly abstract summaries of the available research evidence. This retreat from the original data of medical research is ill-advised: it extends an unjustified evidence hierarchy, overestimates the role of computer systems, divides communities, discards evidence, ignores contexts, and devalues broad critical evaluation. I draw upon feminist social epistemology to evaluate the 4S approach to EBM and to suggest means for improving the evidence base of medical research and practice.
Careworkers in the global market: Appraising applications of feminist care ethics
Authors: Crozier G. K. D.
Published: March 2017

Feminist Care Ethics has much to offer in an analysis of the international migration of (largely female) care workers. This paper argues, however, that Joan Tronto’s analysis of this international care regime is incomplete insofar as it overlooks the ways in which the current global care market is progressive for the workers and the significant harms this market is inflicting on care receivers in source countries. In order for Feminist Care Ethics to fulfill its potential, it must be developed beyond a visionary tool for revaluing care—it must also produce analytic tools for evaluating real alternatives under pressing, real-time constraints.
Clinical evidence and the absent body in medical phenomenology: On the need for a new phenomenology of medicine
Authors: Goldenberg Maya J.
Published: March 2017

The once animated efforts in medical phenomenology to integrate the art and science of medicine (or to humanize scientific medicine) have fallen out of philosophical fashion. Yet the current competing medical discourses of evidencebased medicine and patient-centered care suggest that this theoretical endeavor requires renewed attention. In this paper, I attempt to enliven the debate by discussing theoretical weaknesses in the way the “lived body” has operated in the medical phenomenology literature—the problem of the absent body—and highlight how evidence-based medicine has refigured medical phenomenology’s historical nemesis, “biomedicine.” What we now need is a phenomenology of the embodied subject in the age of evidence-based medicine.
Patient complains of …: How medicalization mediates power and justice
Authors: Reiheld Alison
Published: March 2017

The process of medicalization has been analyzed in the medical humanities with disapprobation, with much emphasis placed on its ability to reinforce existing social power structures to ill effect. While true, this is an incomplete picture of medicalization. I argue that medicalization can both reinforce and disrupt existing social hierarchies within the clinic and outside of it, to ill or good effect. We must attend to how this takes place locally and globally lest we misunderstand how medicalization mediates power and justice. I provide concrete examples of how this occurs by considering dysesthesia ethiopsis, autism, chronic fatigue syndrome, depression, and HIV/AIDS.
The HPV vaccine controversy: Where are the women? Where are the men? Where is the money?
Authors: Caseldine-Bracht Jennifer
Published: March 2017

Should the HPV vaccine be mandatory for young women? Many proponents of mandatory vaccinations argue that it is good for women. Yet feminists have reason to be concerned. A partial list of reasons that are cause for skepticism include the following: (1) the fact that there are large expenses associated with the vaccination, which could lead to some serious conflicts of interest; (2) the fact that men carry this virus, yet there is no push to vaccinate them; and (3) the fact that it is not clear that the vaccine has been sufficiently tested to ensure women’s safety. This paper will examine legislation to make the HPV vaccine mandatory and will discuss the implications that surround it.
Docile bodies, supercrips, and the plays of prosthetics
Authors: Booher Amanda K.
Published: March 2017

In this paper, I consider the implications of representations of women with prosthetics in popular culture, specifically Heather Mills and Sarah Reinertsen. Using analyses from feminist and disability studies, I explore prosthetized bodies as docile bodies “fixed” to aesthetic and functional near-perfection. I then employ narratives emphasizing the complex corporeal experience of prosthetics to destabilize this seeming docility. I argue that “docile” readings are problematic and insufficient, building from faulty grounds of distinctions between “natural” and “technological,” and “therapy” and “enhancement.” Finally, I posit a more complex, phenomenological epistemology from which to consider prosthetized bodies and to reground prosthetic interpretations.