bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Processo de negociação coletiva no espaço rural mineiro: uma análise retrospectiva da década de 1990
Authors: Brito Mozar José de , Brito Valéria da G. Pereira , Cappelle Mônica Carvalho Alves
Published: October 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi traçar uma configuração do processo de negociação coletiva ocorrido no espaço rural mineiro durante a década de 1990. Para tanto, optou-se pela aplicação do método de pesquisa descritiva. A análise retrospectiva revelou que: a) o processo de negociação coletiva no espaço rural mineiro configurou-se como uma prática social que assumiu traços distintos e bastante singulares; b) o seu pleno exercício encontrou alguns entraves estruturais associados à forma de organização sindical; c) as reivindicações acordadas ao longo dos processos de negociação limitaram-se à exigência do cumprimento da legislação trabalhista. Acredita-se que as considerações reunidas neste trabalho podem, de alguma forma, contribuir para uma reflexão acerca do processo de reformulação do sistema brasileiro de relações de trabalho no espaço social rural, especialmente nesse momento em que se intensificam as discussões públicas sobre o papel do Estado no referido sistema. Certamente, o tema negociação coletiva, flexibilização dos direitos trabalhistas e mudanças na organização sindical fazem parte das agendas de debates.
A efetividade e independência das agências reguladoras: uma análise crítica da ANATEL pelo prisma de suas competências
Authors: Ruediger Marco Aurélio , Leitão Maria Sonalba Linhares
Published: October 2014

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as competências da ANATEL, para verificar até que ponto a efetividade das suas competências impactam o alcance da sua missão institucional. Procura analisar se a noção de independência, atribuída a essa organização, é respaldada pela efetividade de suas competências e pela introdução de componentes de flexibilidade e pela autonomia ao seu modelo de gestão, de modo a permitir que ela alcance a sua missão. Os resultados obtidos levaram a conclusões que alertam os administradores das agências reguladoras, os responsáveis pela formulação das políticas públicas e os responsáveis pelo controle das organizações públicas a reverem os referenciais adotados na gestão e no controle daquelas organizações. Quer, além disso, estimular o debate e a continuidade de pesquisas sobre o tema.
Meia-idade, individuação e organizações
Authors: Motta Fernando C. Prestes , Paula Ana Paula Paes de
Published: October 2014

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar como a crise de meia-idade afeta os indivíduos e as organizações. Para realizar esta análise, partimos da interpretação realizada por Carl Gustav Jung sobre a meia-idade e o processo de individuação. Neste sentido, abordamos os principais conceitos junguianos associados ao fenômeno, enfatizando os arquétipos sombra, anima, animus e self. Em seguida, utilizamos estes conceitos e arquétipos para avaliar como os dilemas da crise de meia-idade e o conflito entre as dimensões masculinas e femininas dos indivíduos afetam a dinâmica organizacional.
Da descrição do caso à construção da teoria ou da teoria à exemplificação do caso? Uma das encruzilhadas da produção do conhecimento em administração e áreas afins
Authors: Gondim Sônia Maria Guedes , Sá Márcio de Oliveira , Melo Lívia Cruz Tourinho de , Barbosa Silvia Teles , Vasconcellos Clara Mutti , Gomes Sabrina Torres
Published: October 2014

A abordagem teórico-metodológica do estudo de caso é uma tendência na ciência social aplicada e, em especial, na administração. O objetivo deste artigo é o de discutir não só aspectos conceituais e metodológicos dessa abordagem apontados na literatura, como também analisar 158 artigos publicados no período de 2001 a 2004 nos ENANPADs e em quatro periódicos nacionais da área de administração. Uma das conclusões é a de que apesar de os estudos de casos serem apresentados de modo mais aprofundado do que superficial, a construção teórica associada à comparação com outros casos ainda é insuficiente. Reafirma-se também o predomínio da técnica qualitativa, pois a porcentagem encontrada em cada uma das publicações analisadas ultrapassou 75%. O uso de técnicas combinadas tem crescido nos últimos anos, em detrimento do uso isolado da técnica de entrevista. A ascensão do estudo de caso na atualidade torna necessário ampliar o diálogo de pesquisadores de diversas áreas para que a opção e a adoção a esse modo de fazer ciência sejam decorrentes da análise crítica e consciente de suas possibilidades e limites para a produção do conhecimento, em que pese a triangulação interna (várias fontes de coleta de dados) e a triangulação externa (que requer a explicitação clara dos procedimentos metodológicos adotados).
O uso de meios eletrônicos no relacionamento do parlamentar com o cidadão nos municípios brasileiros
Authors: Cunha Maria Alexandra Viegas Cortez da , Santos Ghabryelle Schwarzbach dos
Published: October 2014

Há razoável concordância nas possibilidades de aumento de participação do cidadão pelo uso dos meios digitais. Mesmo aqueles que defendem uma imagem social na qual as formas de dominação e poder estão sendo potencializadas pela tecnologia de informação, acreditam que esse não é o destino inexorável da sociedade, podendo os meios de computação e comunicação serem utilizados para a ampliação da democracia. Este trabalho é um estudo exploratório sobre o uso de meios eletrônicos por vereadores brasileiros na comunicação com o cidadão, de municípios brasileiros com mais de quinhentos mil habitantes. As conclusões mostram que os parlamentares possuem endereço de correio eletrônico, mas não respondem as mensagens que a eles são enviadas. Os seus sítios mostram diferenças substanciais em conteúdo e qualidade. De um lado, os "santinhos eletrônicos", sem nenhum mecanismo de interatividade e se limitando à biografia política do vereador. No outro extremo, sítios que são um repositório da atuação do vereador e podem ser usados na interação com o cidadão, apresentando múltiplos artefatos de interatividade, com conteúdo recente e atualizado. Os sítios de alguns poucos desses vereadores confirmam o potencial de uso da tecnologia da informação para ampliação da prática democrática.
Controlling methanogenesis and improving power production of microbial fuel cell by lauric acid dosing
Authors: Rajesh P. P. , Noori MD. T. , Ghangrekar M. M.
Published: October 2014

Methanogens compete with anodophiles for substrate and thus reduce the power generation and coulombic efficiency (CE) of the microbial fuel cell (MFC). Performance of a baked clayware membrane MFC inoculated with mixed anaerobic sludge pretreated with lauric acid was investigated in order to enhance power recovery by controlling methanogenesis. In the presence of lauric acid pretreated inoculum, MFC produced maximum volumetric power density of 4.8 W/m3 and the CE increased from 3.6% (for untreated inoculum) to 11.6%. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electro-kinetic evaluation indicated a higher bio-catalytic activity at the anode of the MFC inoculated with lauric acid pretreated sludge. With the lauric acid pretreated inoculum a higher catalytic current of 114 mA, exchange current density of 40.78 mA/m2 and lower charge transfer resistance of 0.00016 Ωm2 were observed during oxidation at the anode. Addition of lauric acid significantly achieved suppression of methanogenesis and enhanced the sustainable power generation of MFC by 3.9 times as compared with control MFC inoculated with sludge without any pretreatment.
Enhanced removal of soluble Cr(VI) by using zero-valent iron composite supported by surfactant-modified zeolites
Authors: Dang Hongyu , Zhang Yongxiang , Du Peiwen
Published: October 2014

Zero-valent iron (ZVI) was immobilized onto surfactant-modified zeolites (SMZ) using calcium alginate. Scanning electron microscopy showed that ZVI powder was uniformly immobilized on the surface of the SMZ. The added ZVI powder resulted in enhanced dichromate removal efficiency and the heterogeneous surface of the composite. The adsorption of dichromate onto the ZVI–SMZ composites fitted well to a pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The maximum dichromate adsorption capacity of the composite was 2.49 mg/g at the temperature of 293 K. Higher removal efficiency was obtained at pH lower than 7. X-ray photoelectron spectrometry revealed that the composites combined the strong reductive quality of ZVI and superior adsorption of SMZ.
Treatment of stable and unstable intertrochanteric fractures with selfdynamisable internal fixator (concept of double dynamisation)
Authors: Kostic Igor , Mitkovic Milan , Mitkovic Milorad
Published: October 2014

Bacground/Aim. Intertrochanteric fractures of the femur are the third most
common fractures among all bone fractures. Today in everyday orthopedic
practice a number of different methods of treatment of trochanteric fractures
of the femur are applied. Despite the improvement in the development of new
implants, the percentage of serious complications of the treatment of these
fractures remains very high, varying from 10% to 20%. One of the most serious
complications of internal fixation of intertrochanteric fractures is nonunion
of fractures due to the lack of additional axial dynamisation of implants.
The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of double dynamisation in
stable and unstable intertrochanteric fractures treatment using the self
dynamisable internal fixator. Methods. During the period from 2000 to 2009 we
analyzed the use of selfdynamisable internal fixator (SIF implant) in the
treatment of 247 patients with stable and unstable intertrochanteric
fractures. Fracture types were classified according to the AO Fracture
Classification/Orthopaedic Trauma Association Scheme. Salvati and Wilson
scoring systems were used for functional assessment considering pain, walking
ability and hip movements of operated patients. Results. Of the total number
of treated patients, 134 were males and 113 females, aged 19 to 90 (average
49.6) years. More than a half of the patients were older than 50 years.
Monitoring of the patients after the operation was carried out clinically and
radiographically for a period of three to six months in all the patients,
whereas a 2-year follow-up was conducted in 176 (71.2%) patients. The average
duration of surgery was 47 min, the average blood loss 145 mL, and the
average fluoroscopy time was 16 sec (8-97 sec). The average time for union
was 3.7 months (3-6.5 months). Double dynamisation (dynamisation along the
neck and shaft of the femur) was observed in 85 (34.4%) patients, and was on
average 4.3 mm (1.5-8 mm). All fractures managed with dynamisation implants
healed completely within no later than six months after the surgery. In 17
cases there was a cut-out phenomenon of implant, while in seven cases there
was mechanical implant failure. Complications were detected within 3 to 6
weeks after the surgery, and treated by the method of intramedullary
fixation. During the study, there were no cases of infecton and
thromboembolic complications detected. Conclusion. The concept of double
dynamisation improves the fracture healing in the stable and unstable
intertrochanteric fractures using the selfdynamisable internal fixator. This
biological method of fixation provides healing of intertrochanteric fracture
in the optimum period of time, significantly reducing the risk for mechanical
failure.
The effect of buffalo CD14 shRNA on the gene expression of TLR4 signal pathway in buffalo monocyte/macrophages
Authors: Li Xiangping , Li Meiqing , Huang Shihai , Qiao Shuye , Qin Zhaoxian , Kang Chao , Shi Deshun
Published: October 2014

CD14 plays a crucial role in the inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which interacts with TLR4 and MD-2 to enable cell activation, resulting in inflammation. Upstream inhibition of the inflammation pathway mediated by bacterial LPS, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and cluster of differentiation antigen 14 (CD14) was proven to be an effective therapeutic approach for attenuating harmful immune activation. To explore the effect of CD14 downregulation on the expression of TLR4 signaling pathway-related genes after LPS stimulation in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) monocyte/macrophages, effective CD14 shRNA sequences were screened using qRT-PCR and FACS analysis with buffalo CD14 shRNA lentiviral recombinant plasmids (pSicoRGFP-shRNA) and buffalo CD14 fusion expression plasmids (pDsRed-N1-buffalo CD14) co-transfected into HEK293T cells via liposomes. Of the tested shRNAs, shRNA-1041 revealed the highest knockdown efficiency (p < 0.01). When buffalo peripheral blood monocyte/macrophages were infected with shRNA-1041 lentivirus and stimulated with LPS, the expression of endogenous CD14 was significantly decreased by CD14 shRNA (p < 0.01), and the mRNA expression levels of TLR4, IL-6 and TNF-α were also significantly downregulated compared to the control groups (p < 0.01). These results demonstrated that the knockdown of endogenous CD14 had clear regulatory effects on the signal transduction of TLR4 after stimulation with LPS. These results may provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of CD14 regulation in the development of several buffalo diseases.
Miniaturized sample preparation based on carbon nanostructures
Authors: Cárdenas Soledad
Published: October 2014

The evolution of analytical methodologies has been driven by the objective to reduce the complexity of sample treatment while increasing the efficiency of the overall analytical process. For this reason, the analytical chemist takes into consideration advances in other scientific areas and systematically evaluates the potential influence that such discoveries might have on its own discipline. This is the present situation with nanostructured materials, which have already been recognized as a revolution in many scientific and technological fields, including analytical chemistry. Carbon nanoparticles have been a cornerstone in the advance of miniaturization of analytical processes. This review article considers the contribution of four reference carbon nanoparticles: nanotubes, graphene, nanohorns/ cones and fullerenes, in the context of miniaturized sample treatment, where their outstanding sorbent properties are by far the most exploited in (micro) solid phase extraction.
Achieving Strategic Fit/Integration between Business Strategies and Human Resource Management (HRM) Strategies in the Banking Sector: An Assessment of the Commercial Banks in Malawi
Authors: Nkhwangwa Lordwell C.T.
Published: October 2014

As the business environment becomes volatile and competitive and as more bank services and financial institutions battle for recognition in the market, numerous strategies are needed by business firms for dealing with such fierce competition. For the banks to win the much anticipated competition, the business strategies they employ have to be strategically integrated with human resource management strategies. A strategic fit between business strategy and human resource management strategy helps in retaining and motivating employees translating into high organizational performance and competitive advantage for the firm.  This paper studied how the commercial banks in Malawi are strategically achieving a fit between business strategies and H.R.M strategies. The findings of the study indicate a correlation and a strong fit between business strategies and HRM strategies in the commercial banks in Malawi. The fit is achieved through an integrated process where HRM strategy is an integral part of the business strategy, alongside other functional strategiesDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v1i4.11022 Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-1, issue-4: 143-159
Nobel Peace Prize 2014
Authors: Shrivastava Umesh Prasad
Published: October 2014

No abstractDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v1i4.11262 Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-1, issue-4: 120-121
Electroconvulsive Therapy in First Episode Schizophrenia – Experiences from Nepal
Authors: Adhikari SR
Published: October 2014

Introduction: Little is known regarding efficacy and effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in young, first episode schizophrenia. Present study was done to evaluate short term and long term efficacy and effectiveness of ECT in patients with first episode schizophrenia. Materials and methods: This is a prospective study where forty five patients were evaluated at medical college in Nepal.12 patients received ECT as compared to 33 non-receivers. Patients were evaluated at admission, at discharge, 1st month, 6th month and at 12th month after discharge from the hospital. Evaluations were done using Brief Psychiatric Research Scale (BPRS), Global Assessment of Function (GAF). Results: The mean duration of hospitalization was25.42 days among ECT receivers as compared to 34.75 days among non-receivers. Patients who received ECT showed significant improvement in BPRS at discharge (p=0.001), 1st month (p=0.001, 6th month (p=0.001) and at 12th month (p=0.001). Similarly there was significant improvement in GAF at discharge (p=0.001), 6th month (p=0.053) and at 12th month (p=0.003). Conclusion: Though used infrequently, ECT in young first episode schizophrenia give significant overall improvement and wellbeing with very minimal side-effects. ECT also shortens duration of hospitalization with early discharge and improvement in psychosocial wellbeing. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v3i1.11350 J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol .3, No.1, 2014: 35-40
Department Of Psychiatry, BPKIHS And It’s Contribution To Mental Health Literature Of Nepal
Authors: Shakya DR
Published: October 2014

Mental health and Psychiatry are relatively new as a medical specialty in Nepal. Psychiatry and its issues are still the matter of stigma, mystery, ignorance and negligence not only in public but also in professional and policy-maker level. It is yet to receive its due space in health policy in terms of: program, priority and resource allocation. Despite of some achievements in mental health field (service, teaching and research), they are too far from satisfaction. Along with other responsibilities in this pretext, a department of psychiatry of a teaching institute naturally bears on its shoulder a huge burden of spreading scientific information, adding to literature and destigmatizing mental health issues. The fact, data, information and awareness is a main means of changing present situation. This article intends to briefly outline the milestones, major attempts, achievements and publications in this direction, of Department of Psychiatry of B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), a prominent centre for the medical education, service and research in Nepal. The basis of this review are: Journals, Abstract-books, BPKIHS Annual Reports, Thesis, other research works, Internet search, books, papers and personal communication with both concerned faculty members and students coming into the knowledge of the author. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v3i1.11354 J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol .3, No.1, 2014: 48-57
Le Dœuff, Pyrrhonism and the Rational Solidarity of ‘People fed up with Oppressive Relationships’
Authors: Fitch Richard
Published: October 2014

The discourse that calls itself philosophy has long had problems with both women and Pyrrhonian Sceptics. This article explores how both Pyrrhonism and Michèle Le Dœuff's feminist philosophizing threaten this discourse by revealing its lack of philosophical rigour, to the extent that it should be relabelled philosophism. This exploration will also reveal how anti-feminism relates to anti-scepticism in the masculinist and philosophist imaginaries. Using Pascal as an initial point of contact, the article then suggests how feminist philosophy and Pyrrhonism might develop a rational solidarity in the practice of philosophizing and in undoing, and keeping undone, oppressive relationships.
Alterity in Art: Towards a Theory and Practice of Infra-thin Critique
Authors: Shilton Siobhán
Published: October 2014

This article explores distinctively visual presentations and performances of alterity from the perspective of art theory and practice. It gives particular attention to Marcel Duchamp's notion and practice of the infra-mince. The ‘infra-thin’ is not usually related to postcolonial questions. However, numerous evocations of alterity in contemporary art, this article argues, resonate with Duchamp's infra-thin — not only in their practices but also in the ways in which they present the relationship between different cultures and views of ‘difference’. Focusing on artwork responding to the ‘Arab Springs’ as a striking instance of wider aesthetics of resistance, this article shows how such art can be seen to adapt the infra-thin for the purposes of a multidirectional critique.
Off-Stream Watering Systems and Partial Barriers as a Strategy to Maximize Cattle Production and Minimize Time Spent in the Riparian Area
Authors: Rawluk Ashley , Crow Gary , Legesse Getahun , Veira Douglas , Bullock Paul , González Luciano , Dubois Melanie , Ominski Kim
Published: October 2014

A study was conducted in 2009 at two locations in Manitoba (Killarney and Souris), Canada to determine the impact of off-stream waterers (OSW) with or without natural barriers on (i) amount of time cattle spent in the 10 m buffer created within the riparian area, referred to as the riparian polygon (RP), (ii) watering location (OSW or stream), and (iii) animal performance measured as weight gain. This study was divided into three 28-day periods over the grazing season. At each location, the pasture—which ranged from 21.0 ha to 39.2 ha in size—was divided into three treatments: no OSW nor barriers (1CONT), OSW with barriers along the stream bank to deter cattle from watering at the stream (2BARR), and OSW without barriers (3NOBARR). Cattle in 2BARR spent less time in the RP in Periods 1 (p = 0.0002), 2 (p = 0.1116), and 3 (p < 0.0001) at the Killarney site compared to cattle in 3NOBARR at the same site. Cattle in 2BARR at the Souris site spent more time in the RP in Period 1 (p < 0.0001) and less time in Period 2 (p = 0.0002) compared to cattle in 3NOBARR. Cattle did use the OSW, but not exclusively, as watering at the stream was still observed. The observed inconsistency in the effectiveness of the natural barriers on deterring cattle from the riparian area between periods and locations may be partly attributable to the environmental conditions present during this field trial as well as difference in pasture size and the ability of the established barriers to deter cattle from using the stream as a water source. Treatment had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on cow and calf weights averaged over the summer period. These results indicate that the presence of an OSW does not create significant differences in animal performance when used in extensive pasture scenarios such as those studied within the present study. Whereas the barriers did not consistently discourage watering at the stream, the results provide some indication of the efficacy of the OSW as well as the natural barriers on deterring cattle from the riparian area.
The Radiation Environment of Exoplanet Atmospheres
Authors: Linsky Jeffrey
Published: October 2014

Exoplanets are born and evolve in the radiation and particle environment created by their host star. The host star’s optical and infrared radiation heats the exoplanet’s lower atmosphere and surface, while the ultraviolet, extreme ultraviolet and X-radiation control the photochemistry and mass loss from the exoplanet’s upper atmosphere. Stellar radiation, especially at the shorter wavelengths, changes dramatically as a host star evolves leading to changes in the planet’s atmosphere and habitability. This paper reviews the present state of our knowledge concerning the time-dependent radiation emitted by stars with convective zones, that is stars with spectral types F, G, K, and M, which comprise nearly all of the host stars of detected exoplanets.
Towards a Conceptual Framework for WikiGIS
Authors: Batita Wided , Roche Stéphane , Bédard Yvan , Caron Claude
Published: October 2014

As an emerging complex concept, GeoDesign requires an innovative theoretical basis, tools, supports and practices. For this reason, we propose a new concept, “WikiGIS”, designed to answer some dimensions of the GeoDesign process. WikiGIS focuses on the needs of GeoDesign, but we leave the door open for future improvement when tested in other areas that may have additional needs. WikiGIS is built on Web 2.0 technologies—and primarily on wiki—to manage the tracking of participants’ editing (i.e., managing the contributions history). It also offers GIS functions for geoprocessing and a design-based approach for sketching proposals. One of the main strengths of WikiGIS is its ability to manage the traceability of contributions with an easy and dynamical access, data quality and deltification. The core of this paper consists of presenting a conceptual framework for WikiGIS using UML diagrams. A user interface is presented later to show how our WikiGIS proposal works. This interface is simply a means to illustrate the concepts underlying WikiGIS.
Nutrition Society of New Zealand Annual Conference Held in Queenstown, New Zealand, 28–29th August 2014
Authors: Skeaff Sheila
Published: October 2014

The annual conference and scientific meeting of the Nutrition Society of New Zealand took place in Queenstown, New Zealand from 28th–29th August, 2014. The meeting was part of Queenstown Research Week, established in 1991, which includes the Queenstown Molecular Biology Meeting, the New Zealand Medical Sciences Congress, and the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists and Toxicologists New Zealand Scientific Meeting. Various societies take part in the different meetings; this was the first year that the Nutrition Society of New Zealand was included. The theme of the Nutrition Society of New Zealand in 2014 was "Balancing Views". The plenary session "Weighing up the Evidence: Nutrition Controversies" was provided to address ongoing debate in New Zealand about the role of saturated fat in chronic disease, particularly cardiovascular disease. [...]
Modeling the Impacts of Urbanization and Industrial Transformation on Water Resources in China: An Integrated Hydro-Economic CGE Analysis
Authors: Jiang Li , Wu Feng , Liu Yu , Deng Xiangzheng
Published: October 2014

Pressure on existing water resources in China is expected to increase with undergoing rapid demographic transformation, economic development, and global climate changes. We investigate the economy-wide impacts of projected urban population growth and economic structural change on water use and allocation in China. Using a multi-regional CGE (Computable General Equilibrium) model, TERM (The Enormous Regional Model), we explore the implications of selected future water scenarios for China’s nine watershed regions. Our results indicate that urbanization and industrial transformation in China will raise the opportunity cost of water use and increase the competition for water between non-agricultural users and irrigation water users. The growth in water demand for domestic and industrial uses reduces the amount of water allocated to agriculture, particularly lower-value and water-intensive field crops. As a response, farmers have the incentive to shift their agricultural operations from traditional field crop production to higher-value livestock or intensive crop production. In addition, our results suggest that growing water demand due to urbanization and industrial transformation will raise the shadow price of water in all nine river basins. Finally, we find that national economic growth is largely attributable to urbanization and non-agricultural productivity growth.
Dynamic heart rate response to deer hunting in men and women
Authors: Verba S.D. , Jensen B.T. , Lynn J.S.
Published: October 2014

The purpose of the present study was to examine the heart rate response and force tension associated with deer hunting activities in men and women. Fifteen men and women (body mass index: 25.6±5.2 kg/m2; age: 27±9 years) participated in this study. Subjects performed a maximal graded exercise test (GXT) to determine maximal heart rate (HRmax). Subjects completed a 0.8 km hike over typical hunting terrain. Following a short rest, subjects completed a 0.4 km drag using a fake deer weighing 56 kg (123 pounds, the weight of the average field dressed deer in Pennsylvania, USA) over similar terrain. HR was measured during the activities using a Polar Heart Rate Monitor. Force tension (TNmean) while dragging the deer was measured using a cable tensiometer. Women on average completed the 0.4 km drag course in 13±3 min, where men on average only needed 6±2 min to complete the drag. Women spent significantly more time ≥85% HRmax (9±4 min), than men (2±3 min) during the drag (P<0.05). Women, on average, completed 71±22% of their drag ≥85% HRmax which was significantly greater than men (37±36%; P<0.05). Throughout the drag, men and women HRpeak corresponded to 90±6% and 99±7%, respectively, of their measured HRmax via GXT (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in TNmean between men and women during the drag tests. The results from this study indicate that hunting includes high-intensity exercise, with a greater relative stress placed on women. Deer hunters should exercise caution and adequately prepare for the potential demands of this activity.
Numerical Modeling of Influence of the Thermal Power Plant with Considering the Hydrometeorological Condition at the Reservoir – Cooler
Authors: Issakhov Alibek
Published: October 2014

This paper presents the mathematical model of the thermal power plant in cooling pond under different hydrometeorological conditions, which is solved by three dimensional Navier - Stokes equations and temperature equation for an incompressible fluid in a stratified medium. A numerical method based on the projection method, which divides the problem into three stages. At the first stage it is assumed that the transfer of momentum occurs only by convection and diffusion. Intermediate velocity field is solved by method of fractional steps. At the second stage, three-dimensional Poisson equation is solved by the Fourier method in combination with tridiagonal matrix method (Thomas algorithm). Finally at the third stage it is expected that the transfer is only due to the pressure gradient. To increase the order of approximation compact scheme was used. Then qualitatively and quantitatively approximate the basic laws of the hydrothermal processes depending on different hydrometeorological conditions are determined.
ESEIG Mobile
Authors: Queirós Ricardo , Pinto Mário
Published: October 2014

In recent years, mobile learning has emerged as an educational approach to decrease the limitation of learning location and adapt the teaching-learning process to all type of students. However, the large number and variety of Web-enabled devices poses challenges for Web content creators who want to automatic get the delivery context and adapt the content to mobile devices. This paper studies several approaches to adapt the learning content to mobile phones. It presents an architecture for deliver uniform m-Learning content to students in a higher School. The system development is organized in two phases: firstly enabling the educational content to mobile devices and then adapting it to all the heterogeneous mobile platforms. With this approach, Web authors will not need to create specialized pages for each kind of device, since the content is automatically transformed to adapt to any mobile device capabilities from WAP to XHTML MP-compliant devices.
A Framework for Understanding the Complementary Roles of Information Systems and Knowledge Management Systems
Authors: Guetat Sana Bent Aboulkacem , Dakhli Salem Ben Dhaou
Published: October 2014

Knowledge is nowadays an essential resource for modern organizations to support sustainable competitive advantage. Many authors point out that as knowledge is created, disseminated, and applied, it contributes to value creation within organizations by enhancing their capabilities to respond to pressures from the external environment. To acknowledge the critical role of knowledge in modern organizations, knowledge management has emerged as a scientific discipline. However, the dominant view of knowledge management is technology-oriented and considers this activity primarily as an integrated approach to identifying, retrieving, capturing, storing and sharing organization's information assets. This mechanistic and technology-oriented view of knowledge management is the main cause of the failure of many knowledge management systems built within modern organizations. It is thought that the well-established technology oriented knowledge management approach has to be improved in order to facilitate building effective knowledge management systems which help modern organizations in their search of continuous and sustainable competitive advantage. This paper proposes a framework - based on the Popper's three worlds' theory - which helps understand the complementary roles of information systems and knowledge management systems.
From Data to Wisdom in the Global and Civilizational Context
Authors: Targowski Andrew
Published: October 2014

The purpose of this study is to define what is information, mainly in terms of cognition units, and also find out its other perspectives and images. Once information is understood, then it is possible to define its role in wisdom development in general and in civilization. First information will be defined in terms of several perspectives. Secondly information will be defined in term of its images. The basic concept of information is in the cognitive perspective which recognizes cognition units. Among these units are perceived: data, information, concept, knowledge, and wisdom. Some global and civilizational impact upon the concept of wisdom is evaluated. Finally, the model of comprehensive wisdom is defined. Wisdom is defined in terms of the evolution of minds, from Basic Mind and Whole Mind, through Global Mind to Universal Mind. In conclusion, the wisdom of these minds is defined for each of eight current civilizations: Western, Eastern, Chinese, Japanese, Buddhist, Islamic, Hindu, and African.
A Remote and Sensorless Stator Winding Temperature Estimation Method for Thermal Protection for Induction Motor
Authors: Enany T. A. , Wahba W. I. , Hassan M. A. Moustafa
Published: October 2014

Three-phase induction motors are the “workhorses” of industry; they are the most widely used electrical machine; because of its simple structure and high reliability. This paper proposes a new technique to model the stator winding of the induction motor in Matlab Simulink® software. This simulation of the induction motor would have the thermal behavior of its stator winding; to study the induction motor temperature estimation using motor parameter-based method. The modified model is used to validate a remote and Sensorless stator winding temperature estimation technique; therefore a thermal protection is obtained for soft-starter-connected to induction motors. The soft-starter is used to inject a DC signal in the induction motor terminal voltage and current. The stator winding resistance/temperature is estimated from DC signal injection by changing the gate drive signals of the Thyristor in the soft starter. The level of the injected DC signal is adjusted by the value of the delay angle. The accuracy of stator winding temperature estimation increased with the increase of DC signal level; however the pulsation of the output torque increased also. The thermal behavior is simulated utilizing a thermal resistor block from the Matlab Simscape™ software. It is used to replace the fixed resistor value of the induction motor model in the Matlab Simulink. The thermal monitoring scheme has been validated from the simulation results of a 7.5 kW induction motor under various loading conditions.
Mindfully Experimenting with IT
Authors: Poston Robin S. , Kettinger William J.
Published: October 2014

In many companies the process of new Information Technology (IT) identification and assessment lacks the rigor associated with experimentation. The realities of maintaining daily operations and the expense and expertise involved distract firms from conducting experiments. The authors explore cases of how companies introduce a new IT for the business use of digital social media. Because social media technologies are new, interest in its use is broad and diffused leading organizations to be unsure about how best to implement social media, prompting organizations to follow a mindful process of experimenting with these technologies. The cases illustrate that the extent of mindfulness influences how new technology implementations are introduced, supporting wider boundaries in assessments, richer interpretations of the IT's usefulness, multi-level foci concerning benefits and costs, persistence to continue exploration, and a greater use of fact-based decision-making. The authors observe that following a mindful introduction process reaps some of the benefits of experimentation, such as greater stakeholder satisfaction and organization-wide learning and understanding of the technology's potential.
ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF A TROPICAL LAKE SYSTEM
Authors: Swarnalatha K. , Letha J. , Ayoob S.
Published: October 2014

Risk analysis of urban aquatic systems due to heavy metals turns significant due to their peculiar properties viz. persistence, non-degradability, toxicity, and accumulation. Akkulam Veli (AV), an urban tropical lake in south India is subjected to various environmental stresses due to multiple waste discharge, sand mining, developmental activities, tourism related activities etc. Hence, a comprehensive approach is adopted for risk assessment using modified degree of contamination factor, toxicity units based on numerical sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), and potentialecological risk indices. The study revealed the presence of toxic metals such as Cr,Cd, Pb and As and the lake is rated under ‘low ecological risk’ category.
‘What is that to us? See to it yourself’ (Mt 27:4): Making atonement and the Matthean portrait of the Jewish chief priests
Authors: Weaver Dorothy Jean
Published: October 2014

To read the Gospel of Matthew within its 1st century religious context is to read an intensely Jewish narrative. Central to the world of this Gospel are the Jerusalem temple, its administrators, the chief priests, and the sacrificial system which they are charged by Jewish law to officiate. This article assesses the Matthean portrait of the Jewish chief priests of Jesus’ day against the scriptural backdrop which lays out their prominent role within Jewish religious life, namely ‘making atonement’ before God for the ‘sins’ of the people. In section one I sketch out the Matthean portrait of the scripturally assigned role of the priests, connecting this portrait to its biblical antecedents. In section two I assess the overall performance of the Matthean chief priests against the backdrop of their assigned role. In section three I address the question of atonement. Crucial here is 27:3–10, the account of Judas Iscariot, who returns his 30 silver coins to the chief priests and says (27:4a; emphasis mine), ‘I have sinned, because I have handed over innocent blood’. Here I highlight Matthew’s ironic modus operandi as he portrays the chief priests’ non-priestly response to Judas. Additionally, I contrast Matthew’s portrait of the Jewish chief priests with a brief portrait of Jesus’ own ministry within the Jewish community, a ministry which fulfils the priestly role abandoned by the chief priests. I conclude my article in section four with brief reflections on the rhetorical impact of Matthew’s portrait of the Jewish chief priests within his overall narrative.
Effects of long-term repeated topical fluoride applications and adhesion promoter on shear bond strengths of orthodontic brackets
Authors: Endo Toshiya , Ishida Rieko , Komatsuzaki Akira , Sanpei Shinya , Tanaka Satoshi , Sekimoto Tsuneo
Published: October 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of long-term repeated topical application of fluoride before bonding and an adhesion promoter on the bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Materials and Methods: A total of 76 bovine incisors were collected and divided equally into four groups. In group 1, the brackets were bonded without topical fluoride application or adhesion promoter. In group 2, before bonding, the adhesion promoter was applied to nonfluoridated enamel. In group 3, the brackets were bonded without the application of the adhesion promoter to enamel, which had undergone long-term repeated topical fluoride treatments. Teeth in group 4 received the long-term repeated topical applications of fluoride, and the brackets were bonded using the adhesion promoter. All the brackets were bonded using BeautyOrtho Bond self-etching adhesive. The shear bond strength was measured and the bond failure modes were evaluated with the use of the adhesive remnant index (ARI) after debonding. Results: The mean shear bond strength was significantly lower in group 3 than in groups 1, 2, and 4, and there were no significant differences between the groups except for group 3. There were significant differences in the distribution of ARI scores between groups 2 and 3, and between groups 3 and 4. Conclusions: The adhesion promoter can recover the bond strength reduced by the long-term repeated topical applications of fluoride to the prefluoridation level and had a significantly great amount of adhesives left on either fluoridated or nonfluoridated enamel.
Rapid tissue dissolution efficiency of electrically-activated sodium hypochlorite on bovine muscle
Authors: Ertugrul Ihsan Furkan , Maden Murat , Orhan Ekim Onur , Ozkorucuklu Sabriye Percin , Aglarca Ali Vasfi
Published: October 2014

Objective: Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is a common antimicrobial and tissue-dissolving irrigant. The aim of this in vitro study is to evaluate and compare dissolution capacities of sodium hypochlorite solutions after electrically activation (E-NaOCl) on bovine muscle specimens at various time periods and concentrations. Materials and Methods: Three sodium hypochlorite solutions of 1.25%, 2.5%, and 5% were tested at 3-min. and 5-min. with and without activation by electrically. Distilled water and NaOCl solutions without electrically activation were used as controls. Pieces of bovine muscle tissue (34 ± 2 mg) were placed in 10 mL of each solution at room temperature. In the group of E-NaOCl, electrically activation was performed through the potentiostat. The tissue specimens were weighed before and after treatment, and the percentage of weight loss was calculated. Results: Weight loss of the tissue increased with the concentration of E-NaOCl and NaOCl. Higher concentration and electrically activation considerably enhanced the efficacy of sodium hypochlorite. The effect of electrically activation on tissue dissolution was much greater than that of same concentrations in the groups of NaOCl (P < 0.001). Tissue weight loss was significantly higher in 2.5% and 5% E-NaOCl at 3 min. than in 2.5% and 5% NaOCl at 5 min. (P < 0.05). There were not any significant differences between the 2.5% E-NaOCl and 5% NaOCl at 5 min. (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Electrically activation can improve the tissue-dissolving effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite.
An in-vitro evaluation of mechanical and esthetic properties of orthodontic sealants
Authors: Premaraj Thyagaseely Sheela , Rohani Nima , Covey David , Premaraj Sundaralingam , Hua Yi , Watanabe Hidehiko
Published: October 2014

Objective: To evaluate mechanical and esthetic Properties of two commercially available orthodontic sealants: Opal®Seal (OS) and L.E.D. Pro Seal (PS). Materials and Methods: Discs of each sealant were prepared to test the following properties: Micro hardness, wear resistance and color stability. Samples were randomly selected after the wear test for SEM imaging to analyze surface morphology. Results: OS was significantly harder than PS (P < 0.001). PS was significantly more wear resistant than OS (P < 0.05). PS showed a greater ΔE*ab (increased staining) when placed in wine or coffee showing a significant difference (P < 0.05). SEM showed particle size, shape and distribution were different for PS and OS reflecting the pattern seen on wear surfaces. Conclusion: Both orthodontic sealants are beneficial for protecting enamel. However with better wear properties PS was superior in resisting mechanical stresses. OS was more color stable.
On the derivation of particle nucleation rates from experimental formation rates
Authors: Kürten A. , Williamson C. , Almeida J. , Kirkby J. , Curtius J.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. Atmospheric particle formation rates are usually measured at sizes larger than the critical size where nucleation occurs. Due to loss of particles during their growth to the detection threshold, the measured formation rate is often substantially smaller than the nucleation rate. For this reason a correction needs to be applied in order to determine the nucleation rate from the measured formation rate. An analytical formula for the correction factor is provided by Kerminen and Kulmala (2002). Their method was derived for atmospheric nucleation measurements and we show here that it has limited applicability to chamber nucleation studies. The reason for this limitation is that the particle loss rate generally has a different dependency on particle size in other environments. Here we propose an alternative, numerical method that allows precise nucleation rates to be determined in arbitrary experimental environments. The method requires knowledge of the particle size distribution above detection threshold, the particle growth rate, and the particle loss rates as a function of particle size.
Fire in ice: two millennia of boreal forest fire history from the Greenland NEEM ice core
Authors: Zennaro P. , Kehrwald N. , McConnell J. R. , Schüpbach S. , Maselli O. J. , Marlon J. , Vallelonga P. , Leuenberger D. , Zangrando R. , Spolaor A. , Borrotti M. , Barbaro E. , Gambaro A. , Barbante C.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. Biomass burning is a major source of greenhouse gases and influences regional to global climate. Pre-industrial fire-history records from black carbon, charcoal and other proxies provide baseline estimates of biomass burning at local to global scales spanning millennia, and are thus useful to examine the role of fire in the carbon cycle and climate system. Here we use the specific biomarker levoglucosan together with black carbon and ammonium concentrations from the North Greenland Eemian (NEEM) ice cores (77.49° N, 51.2° W; 2480 m a.s.l) over the past 2000 years to infer changes in boreal fire activity. Increases in boreal fire activity over the periods 1000–1300 CE and decreases during 700–900 CE coincide with high-latitude NH temperature changes. Levoglucosan concentrations in the NEEM ice cores peak between 1500 and 1700 CE, and most levoglucosan spikes coincide with the most extensive central and northern Asian droughts of the past millennium. Many of these multi-annual droughts are caused by Asian monsoon failures, thus suggesting a connection between low- and high-latitude climate processes. North America is a primary source of biomass burning aerosols due to its relative proximity to the Greenland Ice Cap. During major fire events, however, isotopic analyses of dust, back trajectories and links with levoglucosan peaks and regional drought reconstructions suggest that Siberia is also an important source of pyrogenic aerosols to Greenland.