bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Government Expenditure and Economic Discomfort in Nigeria
Authors: OBAYORI JOSEPH BIDEMI
Published: June 2020

Purpose: Government expenditure affects the behavior of both producers and consumers, and influence the distribution of income and wealth in the economy. But, a cursory look at government expenditure (recurrent and capital) in Nigeria over the year, showed that expenditure has been on the increase but the rate of increase has not translated into economic comfort (reduction in poverty and unemployment rates). Due to this assumption, this paper examined government expenditure and economic discomfort in Nigeria. 

Methods: Annual time-series data from 1990-2018 were obtained from the CBN Statistical Bulletin (various issues) and the World Bank report. The descriptive statistics, ADF unit root test, and ARDL model serves as the analytical tools. 

Results: Based on the empirical result, the paper concluded that government capital expenditure has a negative and significant relationship with economic discomfort. On the other hand, government recurrent expenditure is positively and insignificantly related to economic discomfort.

Implications: This result implies that while the increase in capital expenditure will depress economic discomfort, an increase in the recurrent component of the expenditure will not help to reduce economic discomfort. Based on these conclusions, the paper recommended amongst others that more government capital spending should be encouraged as it plays a critical role in reducing both poverty and unemployment rates in Nigeria.
The role of the environmental impact assessment in territorial planning
Authors: Stradere Marita , Didenko Konstantins
Published: June 2020

The study aim is to explore the database of economic projects. The objective is to use the datacontained in the database in administrative territorial reform in Latvia. The scope of study is the register ofprojects in The State Environmental Bureau public data basis. The study uses data statistical analysis andcomparison of economic processes methods. The study results are classified information about project lo-cation in the statistical regions as well as comparing with official statistical data about project location andstatistical data on population and on building permits issued. The study confirmed the assumption that theinformation contained in the database of economic projects can be used as additional tool for territorialplanning.
Pleiades or Not? Resolving the Status of the Lithium-rich M Dwarfs HHJ 339 and HHJ 430
Authors: Stauffer John , Barrado David , David Trevor , Rebull Luisa M. , Hillenbrand Lynne A. , Mamajek Eric E. , Oppenheimer Rebecca , Aigrain Suzanne , Bouy Herve , Lillo-Box Jorge
Published: June 2020

Oppenheimer et al. discovered two M5 dwarfs in the Pleiades with nearly primordial lithium. These stars are not low enough in mass to represent the leading edge of the lithium depletion boundary at Pleiades age (∼125 Myr). A possible explanation for the enhanced lithium in these stars is that they are actually not members of the Pleiades but instead are members of a younger moving group seen in projection toward the Pleiades. We have used data from Gaia DR2 to confirm that these two stars, HHJ 339 and HHJ 430, are indeed not members of the Pleiades. Based on their space motions, parallaxes, and positions in a Gaia-based color–magnitude diagram, it is probable that these two stars are about 40 parsecs foreground to the Pleiades and have ages of ∼25 Myr. Kinematically they are best matched to the 32 Ori moving group.
Solar Flare Prediction Using Magnetic Field Diagnostics above the Photosphere
Authors: Korsós M. B. , Georgoulis M. K. , Gyenge N. , Bisoi S. K. , Yu S. , Poedts S. , Nelson C. J. , Liu J. , Yan Y. , Erdélyi R.
Published: June 2020

In this article, we present the application of the weighted horizontal gradient of magnetic field (WG
M
) flare prediction method to three-dimensional (3D) extrapolated magnetic configurations of 13 flaring solar active regions (ARs). The main aim is to identify an optimal height range, if any, in the interface region between the photosphere and lower corona, where the flare onset time prediction capability of WG
M
is best exploited. The optimal height is where flare prediction, by means of the WG
M
method, is achieved earlier than at the photospheric level. 3D magnetic structures, based on potential and nonlinear force-free field extrapolations, are constructed to study a vertical range from the photosphere up to the low corona with a 45 km step size. The WG
M
method is applied as a function of height to all 13 flaring AR cases that are subject to certain selection criteria. We found that applying the WG
M
method between 1000 and 1800 km above the solar surface would improve the prediction of the flare onset time by around 2–8 hr. Certain caveats and an outlook for future work along these lines are also discussed.
Detection of a Radio Bubble around the Ultraluminous X-Ray Source Holmberg IX X-1
Authors: Berghea Ciprian T. , Johnson Megan C. , Secrest Nathan J. , Dudik Rachel P. , Hennessy Gregory S. , El-khatib Aisha
Published: June 2020

We present C- and X-band radio observations of the famous utraluminous X-ray source (ULX) Holmberg IX X-1, previously discovered to be associated with an optical emission line nebula several hundred parsecs in extent. Our recent infrared study of the ULX suggested that a jet could be responsible for the infrared excess detected at the ULX position. The new radio observations, performed using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) in B-configuration, reveal the presence of a radio counterpart to the nebula with a spectral slope of −0.56 similar to other ULXs. Importantly, we find no evidence for an unresolved radio source associated with the ULX itself, and we set an upper limit on any 5 GHz radio core emission of 6.6 μJy (4.1 × 1032 erg s−1). This is 20 times fainter than what we expect if the bubble is energized by a jet. If a jet exists its core component is unlikely to be responsible for the infrared excess unless it is variable. Strong winds which are expected in super-Eddington sources could also play an important role in inflating the radio bubble. We discuss possible interpretations of the radio/optical bubble and we prefer the jet+winds-blown bubble scenario similar to the microquasar SS 433.
The Rise and Fall of the King: The Correlation between FO Aquarii’s Low States and the White Dwarf’s Spin-down
Authors: Littlefield Colin , Garnavich Peter , Kennedy Mark R. , Patterson Joseph , Kemp Jonathan , Stiller Robert A. , Hambsch Franz-Josef , Heras Teófilo Arranz , Myers Gordon , Stone Geoffrey , Sjöberg George , Dvorak Shawn , Nelson Peter , Popov Velimir , Bonnardeau Michel , Vanmunster Tonny , Miguel Enrique de , Alton Kevin B. , Harris Barbara , Cook Lewis M. , Graham Keith A. , Brincat Stephen M. , Lane David J. , Foster James , Pickard Roger , Sabo Richard , Vietje Brad , Lemay Damien , Briol John , Krumm Nathan , Dadighat Michelle , Goff William , Solomon Rob , Padovan Stefano , Bolt Greg , Kardasis Emmanuel , Debackère André , Thrush Jeff , Stein William , Walter Bradley , Coulter Daniel , Tsehmeystrenko Valery , Gout Jean-François , Lewin Pablo , Galdies Charles , Fernandez David Cejudo , Walker Gary , Boardman James , Pellett Emil
Published: June 2020

The intermediate polar FO Aquarii (FO Aqr) experienced its first reported low-accretion states in 2016, 2017, and 2018, and, using newly available photographic plates, we identify prediscovery low states in 1965, 1966, and 1974. The primary focus of our analysis, however, is an extensive set of time-series photometry obtained between 2002 and 2018, with particularly intensive coverage of the 2016–2018 low states. After computing an updated spin ephemeris for the white dwarf (WD), we show that its spin period began to increase in 2014 after having spent 27 yr decreasing; no other intermediate polar has experienced a sign change of its period derivative, but FO Aqr has now done so twice. Our central finding is that the recent low states all occurred shortly after the WD began to spin down, even though no low states were reported in the preceding quarter-century, when it was spinning up. Additionally, the system’s mode of accretion is extremely sensitive to the mass-transfer rate, with accretion being almost exclusively disk-fed when FO Aqr is brighter than V ∼ 14 and substantially stream-fed when it is not. Even in the low states, a grazing eclipse remains detectable, confirming the presence of a disklike structure (but not necessarily a Keplerian accretion disk). We relate these various observations to theoretical predictions that during the low state, the system’s accretion disk dissipates into a non-Keplerian ring of diamagnetic blobs. Finally, a new XMM-Newton observation from a high state in 2017 reveals an anomalously soft X-ray spectrum and diminished X-ray luminosity compared to pre-2016 observations.
Thermodynamic and Energetic Limits on Continental Silicate Weathering Strongly Impact the Climate and Habitability of Wet, Rocky Worlds
Authors: Graham R. J. , Pierrehumbert Ray
Published: June 2020

The “liquid water habitable zone” (HZ) concept is predicated on the ability of the silicate weathering feedback to stabilize climate across a wide range of instellations. However, representations of silicate weathering used in current estimates of the effective outer edge of the HZ account for neither the thermodynamic limit on the concentration of weathering products in runoff set by clay precipitation nor the energetic limit on precipitation set by planetary instellation. We find that when the thermodynamic limit is included in an idealized coupled climate/weathering model, the steady-state planetary climate loses sensitivity to silicate dissolution kinetics, becoming sensitive to temperature primarily through the effect of temperature on runoff and to

pCO

2

through an effect on solute concentration mediated by pH. This increases sensitivity to land fraction,

CO

2

outgassing, and geological factors such as soil age and lithology, all of which are found to have a profound effect on the position of the effective outer edge of the HZ. The interplay between runoff sensitivity and the energetic limit on precipitation leads to novel warm states in the outer reaches of the HZ, owing to the decoupling of temperature and precipitation. We discuss strategies for detecting the signature of the silicate weathering feedback through exoplanet observations in light of insights derived from the revised picture of weathering.
QUO VADIS, KOSOVO?
Authors: Stojarová Věra
Published: June 2020

The text addresses the political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal challenges Kosovo faces. The author claims that Kosovo faces many challenges, though without solving the status issue, no other challenges could be addressed. The Kosovo question remains the main conundrum in the Western Balkan region.
PKK/KCK INSURGENCY IN TURKEY IN 2015-2016
Authors: Jevčák Matúš
Published: June 2020

The text focuses on the PKK/KCK insurgency in Turkey in 2015-2016. Besides the description of the course of the conflict, the article provides a detailed picture of the urban warfare in southeast Turkey during the selected period. The urban guerrilla campaign of the PKK/KCK was a novelty in the 30-year conflict between the insurgent organization on one side and the Turkish state on the other. The aim is to identify key characteristics and tactical features used by the PKK/KCK and the Turkish security forces respectively. The conclusion of the text brings an analysis of the conflict together with recommendations for urban warfare and the lessons Turkey learned in 2015-2016.
Identifying Key Important Factors Affecting Consumer Purchase Behaviour On Luxury Brand Through the Use of Instagram
Authors: Panachuenvongsak Pankarn , Ashaye Olusoyi Richard
Published: June 2020

Purchasing via the internet is one of the most rapidly growing forms of shopping, which has overcome traditional retailing since late 1998. In this chapter, factors related to online and social media shopping and the benefits of using social media will be discussed. Instagram application, tendency of using brand name, online consumer behaviour, and Thai consumer behaviour towards the use of social media will also be illustrated to review what the key factors important in online shopping mentioned in previous research are.
The Impact of the Uncertainty Production Process Under Operations Management in the Shipping Industry
Authors: Pruttivichittra Wetinee , Ashaye Olusoyi Richard
Published: June 2020

It is important to note that producing products and services is the responsibilities of an organisation to build sufficient goods and services for customers and consumers. Operations are the most importance for organisations to manage the production process to produce and deliver final products to customers through the input-transformation-output model that all firms have used. Operations is the procedure of production that uses input resources to produce a output resource through transformation process. This chapter has introduced the concept of operations management (OM) and the uncertainty of OM.
The Role of Transformational Leadership in Institutions
Authors: Ashaye Olusoyi Richard , Almonawer Nouf
Published: June 2020

This chapter provides insight into the role of transformational leadership in institutions within the context of the Kuwaiti educational sector. Transformational leadershup focuses on the relationship between leaders and followers, and stimulates, motivates, and inspires people to achieve extraordinarily. Review of literature has shown that transformational leaders are capable of dealing with technical areas of the workplace in the modern world compared to other leadership types. Qualitative analytical method is the proposed methodology for this research whilst data would be collected through interviews, observation, and document analysis. As this chapter is a work-in-progress, recommendations are made from the initial findings, as part of the expected outcome.
Designing E-Learning Environments in Higher Education to Match Technological Trends
Authors: Manian Chad
Published: June 2020

This chapter briefly examines the impact of prevailing technological trends on student learning and considers the potential role of e-learning technology in establishing learning environments favourable to higher education. The author identifies the noticeable decline in student competence, language/communication skill, and research ability as an outcome of emerging social media trend. Research indicates that current trends may pose a challenge to academia in the long run. The concluding strategies are suggested for establishing e-learning environments that facilitate improvement in student ability within higher education: 1) incorporating student-centric approach within higher institutions, 2) encouraging culture change among lecturers to create a more e-learning environment, 3) student goal-setting approach in e-learning design, 4) adopting online student portfolios for feedback, 5) implementing a learning strategy using digital media to enforce a learning culture.
Sexual desire, sexual functioning and well-being in married males: a community based study
Authors: Lakshmana G. , Mohd F. , Panda A. B.
Published: June 2020

BackgroundSexual dysfunction is a common yet treatable condition, which is associated with significant negative effects on the quality of life. However the true nature of this problem in India is not known, as many people are hesitant to discuss this topic. AimsThe study aimed to measure sexual desire, sexual functioning and well-being among married men in a regional city in India. MethodsFifty-four males were recruited using cluster sampling. Assessments were conducted using the sexual desire inventory, brief sexual functioning inventory and PGIgeneral well-being scales. ResultsOf the participants, 98% had a moderate level of overall sexual desire, while 81% reported sexual dysfunction, 58% reported moderate problems in ejaculation and 50% reported moderate problems in erection. A majority (85%), reported good general well-being. Age was negatively correlated with sexual functioning and sexual desire, whereas general wellbeing showed a positive correlation. ConclusionsSexual dysfunction is a common problem in Indian males. Increase in awareness about these problems may encourage people to seek treatment for these important health issues.
Non-invasive brain stimulation – a new way forward for psychiatric disorders?
Authors: Hapangama A. , Perera S. R.
Published: June 2020

No abstract available
Boundedness of Weak Fano Pairs with Alpha-Invariants and Volumes Bounded Below
Authors: Chen Weichung
Published: June 2020

We show that fixed-dimensional klt weak Fano pairs with alpha-invariants and volumes bounded away from

0

and the coefficients of the boundaries belonging to the set of hyperstandard multiplicities

\Phi(\mathscr{R})

associated to a fixed finite set

\mathscr{R}

form a bounded family. We also show

\alpha(X,B)^{d-1}\mathrm{vol}(-(K_X+B))

are bounded from above for all klt weak Fano pairs

(X,B)

of a fixed dimension

d

.
Reconstructive surgery in strabismus patients and perceived quality of life
Authors: Schrank Gabriele , Augner Christoph
Published: June 2020

Purpose: Data of the subjective assessment of strabismus-related quality of life from patients with manifest strabismus are important in order to obtain the best possible treatment recommendations for affected people. The aim of this study is the analysis of the quality of life based on squinting Austrians with and without reconstructive strabismus surgery.
Methods: The strabismus-specific AS-20 questionnaire was completed by 26 strabismus patients without reconstructive surgery, 27 strabismus patients with reconstructive surgery and 35 non-squinting people from Austria. These data were evaluated and analyzed.
Results: In the German version of the AS-20, clear evidence could be provided for group differences of perceived strabismus-related quality of life after reconstructive strabismus surgery. In the two psychosocial sub-scales (self-perception & interaction) significant differences were found in the comparison of the groups (p < .001). Also in the functional subcategories (reading function & general function), highly significant differences were determined (p < .001).
Conclusions: Untreated manifest strabismus leads to negative psychosocial effects on the quality of life of those affected. Reconstructive strabismus surgery reduces these discomforts and leads to a significant increase in the quality of life related to strabismus in both psychosocial and functional areas.
Christ-Centered Worship: Letting the Gospel Shape Our Practice
Authors: Augustan Hansel
Published: June 2020

This is a book review of Christ-Centered Worship.
Ruang-ruang Keadilan bagi Sang Margin
Authors: Kurniawan Danang
Published: June 2020

Artikel ini akan mendiskusikan konsep ruang keadilan dari perspektif hospitalitas kristiani bagi kaum yang marginal. Letty Russel lebih memfokuskan teologinya, menyebut mereka yang tidak beruntung (unfortunate) atau korban beragam wajah ketidakadilan (unfair), pada yang tersisih (the outsider), Miroslav Volf lebih fokus pada sang liyan (the other), dan Amos Yong pada “yang asing” (the stranger). Meski demikian, mereka memakai ketiga istilah itu secara bergantian. Demi membangun ruang keadilan bagi yang termarginalkan, saya ingin mendekati diskursus keadilan dengan dua argumentasi. Pertama, setiap teori tentang keadilan secara filosofis cenderung terjebak pada debat kalkulasi-teknisnya. Kedua, pendekatan teologis dengan demikian relevan untuk “menambal” kekurangan pendekatan filosofis tersebut. Melalui kisah perumpamaan para pekerja di kebun anggur dalam Matius 20:1-16, pendekatan teologis yang menawarkan konsep kemurah-hatian (generosity)—seperti dalam tafsir Michael Green—memperlihatkan secara teologis relevansi praksisnya. Dalam kajian hospitalitas kristiani, tulisan ini mengusulkan beberapa prinsip etis dalam membangun ruang keadilan: ruang keadilan yang berangkat dari, dan berorientasi kepada, mereka yang marginal.
Beginning Elementary Mathematics Teachers Negotiating Leadership Responsibilities
Authors: Schwartz Catherine , Ticknor Anne S.
Published: June 2020

Induction has been given much attention in recent years. Research indicates that a comprehensive program with multiple supports for new teachers including reasonable teaching loads and complete curriculum resources are most effective. However, this is not the reality for many beginning teachers. In a study of a two-year, university-based, mathematics-specific induction program for elementary teachers, we found many first-year teachers were given teacher leadership responsibilities at their schools. These leadership experiences were confounded by school contexts in which curriculum resources were incomplete or competed with the BTs visions of “good” mathematics teaching. Qualitative data included interviews, surveys, written reflections, and researcher field notes from the first year of study. This article reports three first-year teachers’ experiences of significant leadership responsibilities. Findings call for ways to prepare BTs in undergraduate and induction programs for the non-instructional duties in teaching and to develop the agency needed to negotiate school-based contextual constraints.
Book Review: Dive into Inquiry
Authors: Casto Amanda R.
Published: June 2020

Dive into Inquiry, written by Trevor MacKenzie, introduces the increasingly-popular concept of inquiry-based learning. In addition to defining “inquiry,” the author illustrates best practices of employing this method of teaching by referring to his own narrative in the classroom. The strategies for teaching inquiry-based lessons are categorized into Four Types of Student Inquiry and interactive examples of each type are provided throughout the book. This book is easy to read and allows all teachers – novice and expert, alike – to gain best practices in planning, teaching, and assessing students in authentic and engaging learning experiences.
Bringing Informal Science Education to Elementary Pre-service Teacher Preparation
Authors: Carrier Sarah J. , Hoyle Kylie S. , Luginbuhl Sarah C.
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to explore how a health-based informal science education course, as part of an elementary undergraduate teacher preparation program, influenced pre-service teachers’ ideas about formal and informal science teaching and learning. Additionally, the study explored how the course impacted their understandings of the value of bridging informal science to supplement formal instruction. Qualitative study data were gathered through two (mid- and end-of-semester) focus group interviews with five pre-service teachers enrolled in a health-based informal science course. Analysis of data indicated that the inclusion of informal science education experiences during PST preparation has the potential to support novice teachers’ developing ideas about science teaching and learning including ways to connect science to students’ lives and make science engaging and meaningful. Findings are reported in four key themes that emerged from the data: (a) formal teacher preparation and informal education, (b) connections between formal and informal science education, (c) personal and professional collaborations, and (d) benefits of informal science education.
ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ MÜLTECİLERE YAPILAN EĞİTİM YARDIMLARINA İLİŞKİN GÖRÜŞLERİ
Authors: NAYIR Funda , KURU CETİN Saadet
Published: June 2020

Farklı kültürden gelen insanlara en temel haklarından biri olan eğitim
hakkının nasıl sağlanacağı, bu konuda ne tür eğitim yardımlarının yapılacağı
göç olgusuyla yüzleşen ülkelerin ortak sorunlarından biridir. Mültecilere
eğitim hakkının verilebilmesi için gerekli en temel öğe öğretmendir. Günümüz
şartlarında öğretmenlerden değişikliklere uyum sağlaması farklılıklara duyarlı
olması her şeyden önce eğitimin hakkının öneminin farkında olmaları
beklenmektedir. Bu nedenle göçle birlikte Türkiye’ye gelen mültecilere yapılan
eğitim yardımlarıyla ilgili öğretmen adaylarının görüşlerin ortaya
çıkarılmasının önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı öncelikli
olarak mültecilere yapılan eğitim yardımlarına ilişkin bir ölçek geliştirmek ve
daha sonra öğretmen adaylarının mültecilere yapılan eğitim yardımlarına ilişkin
görüşlerini ortaya çıkartmıştır.. Araştırmada betimsel tarama modeli
kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini basit tesadüfi örnekleme ile seçilmiş
371 öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Öğretmen adaylarının görüşlerini belirlemek
amacıyla araştırmacılar tarafından “Mültecilere Yapılan Eğitim Yardımları
Ölçeği” geliştirilmiştir. Ölçek geliştirme aşamasında verilerin analizinde
doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA), Cronbach alfa katsayısı ve açımlayıcı faktör
analizi (AFA),  kullanılacaktır.
Verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistikler, aritmetik ortalama ve standart
sapma t testi, ANOVA ve Kruskall Wallis testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma
bulgularına göre katılımcıların görüşleri arasında cinsiyet ve baba eğitim
durumu değişkenlerine göre anlamlı fark yoktur. Ancak, anne eğitim durumu ve
ailenin yaşadığı bölge değişkenleri katılımcıların görüşleri arasında anlamlı
bir fark yaratmaktadır
Hydrology, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation: The Campaigning of Fortescue Fox
Authors: Fox Robin McDougall
Published: June 2020

Soon after qualification, Fortescue Fox (1858-1940) began practice in a Scottish spa where he acquired a lifelong interest in chronic disorders, especially arthritis. He worked to improve the status of spa medicine, recasting it as medical hydrology. At the start of the First World War, his interests turned to the handling of war casualties and a seminal work on physical treatment and rehabilitation was published in 1916. He set up a physical treatment clinic for damaged soldiers and co-founded a residential community where such treatment could be coupled with paid work in rural crafts. After the war Fox was a founder and president of the International League against Rheumatism and helped establish a groundbreaking outpatient clinic from which academic rheumatology in the UK developed. Yet he is not seen as a founding father of British rheumatology, having been on the losing side of an argument about the focus of the specialty. In medical rehabilitation he does have that honour.
A ascensão do audiovisual consumido em smartphones: reflexos diretos na redação
Authors: Ito Liliane De Lucena
Published: June 2020

A articulação entre dois movimentos ascendentes – o consumo de conteúdo audiovisual e o acesso à Internet via dispositivos móveis – motivou a presente investigação, cuja análise se debruça sobre transformações na gestão e no processo produtivo da série de reportagens hipermídia TAB, publicada pelo portal Uol. Por meio de entrevistas junto à equipe e análise sistematizada de edições publicadas entre outubro de 2014 e outubro de 2018 – trata-se, portanto, de um estudo de caráter longitudinal – chegou-se à conclusão de que a produção focada no mobiletransformou consideravelmente o trabalho de repórteres e designers, a ponto de ser necessária a aquisição de novas competências técnicas – muitas delas voltadas ao audiovisual – para a produção de reportagens esteticamente adequadas ao acesso cada vez mais vultoso em dispositivos móveis.
Comunicação pública e jornalismo em tempos antidemocráticos
Authors: Silva Terezinha , Bertasso Daiane , Locatelli Carlos Augusto
Published: June 2020

Entrevista com Maria Helena Weber.
Evidence for the predictability of changes in the stratospheric aerosol size following volcanic eruptions of diverse magnitudes using space-based instruments
Authors: Thomason Larry W. , Kovilakam Mahesh , Schmidt Anja , von Savigny Christian , Knepp Travis , Rieger Landon
Published: June 2020

Abstract. An analysis of multiwavelength stratospheric aerosol extinction coefficient data from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II and III/ISS instruments is used to demonstrate a coherent relationship between the perturbation in extinction coefficient in an eruption's main aerosol layer and an apparent change in aerosol size distribution that spans multiple orders of magnitude in the stratospheric impact of a volcanic event. The relationship is measurement-based and does not rely on assumptions about the aerosol size distribution. We note limitations on this analysis including that the presence of significant amounts of ash in the main aerosol layer may significantly modulate these results. Despite this limitation, these findings represent a unique opportunity to verify the performance of interactive aerosol models used in Global Climate Models and Earth System Model and may suggest an avenue for improving aerosol extinction coefficient measurements from single channel observations such the Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imager System as they rely on a priori assumptions about particle size.
Observation of sensible and latent heat flux profiles with lidar
Authors: Behrendt Andreas , Wulfmeyer Volker , Senff Christoph , Muppa Shravan Kumar , Späth Florian , Lange Diego , Kalthoff Norbert , Wieser Andreas
Published: June 2020

Abstract. We present the first measurement of the sensible heat
flux (H) profile in the convective boundary layer (CBL) derived from the
covariance of collocated vertical-pointing temperature rotational Raman
lidar and Doppler wind lidar measurements. The uncertainties of the H
measurements due to instrumental noise and limited sampling are also derived
and discussed. Simultaneous measurements of the latent heat flux profile
(L) and other turbulent variables were obtained with the combination of water-vapor differential absorption lidar (WVDIAL) and Doppler lidar. The
case study uses a measurement example from the HOPE (HD(CP)2 Observational Prototype
Experiment) campaign, which took
place in western Germany in 2013 and presents a cloud-free well-developed
quasi-stationary CBL. The mean boundary layer height zi was at 1230 m
above ground level. The results show – as expected – positive values of
H in the middle of the CBL. A maximum of (182±32) W m−2, with the
second number for the noise uncertainty, is found at 0.5 zi. At about
0.7 zi, H changes sign to negative values above. The entrainment flux was
(-62±27) W m−2. The mean sensible heat flux divergence in the
observed part of the CBL above 0.3 zi was −0.28 W m−3, which
corresponds to a warming of 0.83 K h−1. The L profile shows a slight positive mean flux divergence of 0.12 W m−3 and an entrainment flux of (214±36) W m−2. The combination of H and L profiles in combination with variance and other turbulent parameters is very valuable for the evaluation of large-eddy simulation (LES) results and the further improvement and validation of turbulence parameterization schemes.
The relative importance of photodegradation and biodegradation of terrestrially derived dissolved organic carbon across four lakes of differing trophic status
Authors: Dempsey Christopher M. , Brentrup Jennifer A. , Magyan Sarah , Knoll Lesley B. , Swain Hilary M. , Gaiser Evelyn E. , Morris Donald P. , Ganger Michael T. , Williamson Craig E.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Outgassing of carbon dioxide (CO2) from freshwater ecosystems comprises 12–25 % of the total carbon flux from soils and bedrock. This CO2 is largely derived from both biodegradation and photodegradation of terrestrial dissolved organic carbon (DOC) entering lakes from wetlands and soils in the watersheds of lakes. In spite of the significance of these two processes in regulating rates of CO2 outgassing, their relative importance remains poorly understood in lake ecosystems. In this study, we used groundwater from the watersheds of one subtropical and three temperate lakes of differing trophic status to simulate the effects of increases in terrestrial DOC from storm events. We assessed the relative importance of biodegradation and photodegradation in oxidizing DOC to CO2. We measured changes in DOC concentration, the optical characteristics of the DOC (SUVA320 and Sr), dissolved oxygen, and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in short-term experiments from May–August, 2016. In all lakes, photodegradation led to larger changes in DOC and DIC concentrations and optical characteristics than biodegradation. A descriptive discriminant analysis showed that in brown-water lakes, photodegradation led to the largest declines in DOC concentration. In these brown-water systems, ~ 30 % of the DOC was processed by sunlight and ~ 2 % was photo mineralized. In addition to documenting the importance of photodegradation in lakes, these results also highlight how lakes in the future may respond to changes in DOC inputs.
Modeling the impacts of diffuse light fraction on photosynthesis in ORCHIDEE (v5453) land surface model
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Bastos Ana , Maignan Fabienne , Goll Daniel , Boucher Olivier , Li Laurent , Cescatti Alessandro , Vuichard Nicolas , Chen Xiuzhi , Ammann Christof , Arain Altaf , Black T. Andrew , Chojnicki Bogdan , Kato Tomomichi , Mammarella Ivan , Montagnani Leonardo , Roupsard Olivier , Sanz Maria J. , Siebicke Lukas , Urbaniak Marek , Vaccari Francesco Primo , Wohlfahrt Georg , Woodgate Will , Ciais Philippe
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Aerosol and cloud-induced changes in diffuse light have important impacts on the global land carbon cycle by changing light distribution and photosynthesis in vegetation canopies. However, this effect remains poorly represented in current land surface models. Here we add a light partitioning module and a new canopy light transmission module to the ORCHIDEE land surface model (trunk version, v5453) and use the revised model, ORCHIDEE_DF, to estimate the fraction of diffuse light and its effect on gross primary production (GPP) in a multi-layer canopy. We evaluate the new parameterizations using flux observations from 159 eddy covariance sites over the globe. Our results show that compared to the original model, ORCHIDEE_DF improves the GPP simulation under sunny conditions and captures the observed higher photosynthesis under cloudier conditions in most plant functional types (PFTs). Our results also indicate that the larger GPP under cloudy conditions compared to sunny conditions is mainly driven by increased diffuse light in the morning and in the afternoon, and by decreased VPD and air temperature at midday. The observations show strongest positive effects of diffuse light on photosynthesis are found in the range 5–20 °C and VPD
Sea–ice and water dynamics and moonlight impact the acoustic backscatter diurnal signal over the eastern Beaufort Sea continental slope
Authors: Dmitrenko Igor A. , Petrusevich Vladislav , Darnis Gérald , Kirillov Sergei A. , Komarov Alexander S. , Ehn Jens K. , Forest Alexandre , Fortier Louis , Rysgaard Søren , Barber David G.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. A two-year-long time series of currents and acoustic backscatter from an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, moored over the eastern Beaufort Sea continental slope from October 2003 to September 2005, were used to assess dynamics and variability of the sound-scattering layer. It has been shown that acoustic backscatter is dominated by a synchronized diel vertical migration (DVM) of the zooplankton. Our results show that DVM timings (i) were synchronous with sunlight, and (ii) were modified by moonlight and sea-ice, which attenuates light transmission to the water column. Moreover, DVM is modified or completely disrupted during highly energetic current events. Thicker ice observed during winter 2004–2005 lowered the backscatter values, but favored extending DVM toward the midnight sun. In contrast to many previous studies, DVM occurred through the intermediate water layer during the ice-free season of the midnight sun in 2004. In 2005, the midnight sun DVM was likely masked by a high acoustic scattering generated by suspended particles. During full moon at low cloud cover, the nighttime moonlight illuminance led to zooplankton avoidance of the sub-surface layer disrupting DVM. Moreover, DVM was disrupted by upwelling, downwelling and eddy passing. We suggest that these deviations are consistent with DVM adjusting to avoid enhanced water dynamics. For upwelling and downwelling, zooplankton likely respond to the along-slope water dynamics dominated by surface- and depth-intensified flow, respectively. This drives zooplankton to adjust DVM by aggregating in the low or upper intermediate water layer for upwelling and downwelling, respectively. The baroclinic eddy reversed DVM below the eddy core.
Changes of the Arctic marginal ice zone during the satellite era
Authors: Rolph Rebecca J. , Feltham Daniel L. , Schröder David
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Many studies have shown a decrease in Arctic sea ice
extent. It does not logically follow, however, that the extent of the
marginal ice zone (MIZ), here defined as the area of the ocean with ice
concentrations from 15 % to 80 %, is also changing. Changes in the MIZ
extent has implications for the level of atmospheric and ocean heat and gas
exchange in the area of partially ice-covered ocean and for the
extent of habitat for organisms that rely on the MIZ, from primary producers
like sea ice algae to seals and birds. Here, we present, for the first time,
an analysis of satellite observations of pan-Arctic averaged MIZ extent. We
find no trend in the MIZ extent over the last 40 years from observations.
Our results indicate that the constancy of the MIZ extent is the result of
an observed increase in width of the MIZ being compensated for by a decrease in
the perimeter of the MIZ as it moves further north. We present simulations
from a coupled sea ice–ocean mixed layer model using a prognostic floe size
distribution, which we find is consistent with, but poorly constrained by,
existing satellite observations of pan-Arctic MIZ extent. We provide
seasonal upper and lower bounds on MIZ extent based on the four
satellite-derived sea ice concentration datasets used. We find a large and
significant increase (>50 %) in the August and September MIZ
fraction (MIZ extent divided by sea ice extent) for the Bootstrap and
OSI-450 observational datasets, which can be attributed to the reduction in
total sea ice extent. Given the results of this study, we suggest that
references to “rapid changes” in the MIZ should remain cautious and provide
a specific and clear definition of both the MIZ itself and also the property
of the MIZ that is changing.
A EXPERIÊNCIA DE TRABALHO NO PROJETO CONVIVER DESENVOLVIDO NA SECRETARIA DE EDUCAÇÃO DO MUNICÍPIO DE MATINHOS-PR
Authors: Souza Lidiane Martins Rodrigues de , Oliveira Adriana Lucinda de
Published: June 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo relatar e publicizar o desenvolvimento do Projeto Conviver com alunos/as das escolas Municipais de Matinhos, executado pela assistente social e psicóloga atuantes na Secretaria de Educação municipal. O referido projeto realiza ações voltadas as crianças/adolescentes e famílias, com dificuldades de convivência familiar e comunitária encaminhados ao Serviço Social da Educação. A sistematização do processo de participação no projeto reitera a importância de um trabalho conjunto com as famílias na perspectiva da construção de uma relação dialógica e de parceria, bem como no combate a estereótipos e situações de violência.
TRANSFORMAÇÃO DA MATÉRIA ORGÂNICA: QUANDO O CHEIRO DA DECOMPOSIÇÃO GANHA OUTROS SENTIDOS
Authors: Silva Nahyr Carneiro da , Da Silva Francisco Amaro , Seibert Gislaine De Melo
Published: June 2020

Apesar das temáticas ambientais merecerem atenção crescente da humanidade não são prioridades no sistema escolar de ensino. Abordagens rasas e projetos frustrados marcam as raras vezes em que o tema meio ambiente é trabalhado. A partir dessa problemática, o presente artigo vem descrever uma proposta didática de educação ambiental comprometida em sensibilizar e despertar reflexões acerca dos temas geradores: solo e compostagem. A atividade se constituiu por meio da parceria entre a Escola Estadual Abigail dos Santos Corrêa e o Espaço autônomo de compostagem e vermicompostagem – Francisco Amaro, no município de Matinhos- PR, onde os estudantes realizaram uma aula de campo. Ao final da proposta os integrantes dos sextos anos, responderam à uma enquete e apontaram suas percepções sobre essa experiência. Os resultados demonstraram que o aprendizado na prática agregou outros sentidos à teoria trabalhada em sala e apontou potencial motivacional de mudanças de atitude na sociedade.
Caclulation Structure of Labor Costs for the Research and Development
Authors: Novikov Sergey , Sazonov Andrey
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to labor costs standards determination method for the preparation, organization and implementation of research and development (R&D). Labor costs norms and standards areas of use for R&D are defined. In the methodological part of the article, there is a proposed schematic representation of the calculating process of the labor intensity normative indicator. During the study, it was found that the number of communication possible forms between the change in the labor costs volume and the change in the standardized planning and accounting unit and analogue factors is limited to three, according to which calculation formulas for particular comparability coefficients are given in the article. The discussion in the article is based on features discussion of using experimental statistical and expert methods for determining standard indicators for labor costs comparing standard indicators.The result of the study is the multilateral algorithm development for determining the labor costs normative volume for a standardized object based on the use of two possible scenarios. In conclusion it was note that one of the ways to increase the determining efficiency of R&D cost is to further improve the legislative and normative-methodological framework for conducting this assessment, creating incentives for work performers to reduce costs with R&D quality necessary level, for example, by keeping them parts of the resulting savings.
Overcoming Limitations of the Independent Clusters Model for CFA by Means of Bayes-Estimation and Buffered Simple Structure
Authors: Beauducel André , Hilger Norbert
Published: June 2020

The model of buffered simple structure is discussed as a method for modeling cross-loadings in confirmatory factor analysis. This method introduces assumptions from item sampling theory into confirmatory factor analysis. The independent clusters model, buffered simple structure, and Bayes estimation were compared by means of a simulation study based on three different population types. Population type A had zero cross-loadings, population type B had symmetrically distributed nonzero cross-loadings, and population type C had asymmetrically distributed nonzero cross-loadings. It turned out for population A that, although the independent clusters model yields the best loading estimate, it did not outperform Bayes estimation and buffered simple structure with respect to the factor inter-correlation estimate and model fit. One reason for this unexpected result could be that the specification of zero-cross loadings is suboptimal even when only sampling error introduces some cross-loadings. For populations B and C Bayes estimation and buffered simple structure clearly outperformed the independent clusters model. Overall, the results indicate that depending on the structure of cross-loadings in the population and depending on the focus on loading estimates or factor inter-correlation estimates, different modeling approaches might be appropriate.
Yielding Morphological Characteristics and Biochemical Analysis of “Karma lemon” Cannabis Producing Cannabinoids in Thessaloniki-Greece
Authors: Fadel Dani , Assaad Najoie , Wahab Nour , Lazari Diamanto
Published: June 2020

Cannabis has been widely used by humans over many centuries as a source of ﬁber, oil and for medicinal purposes. Its use was illicit in numerous countries, including Greece and Lebanon. “Karma Lemon”, one of the newest cannabis strain originated from Italy, is selected in this study to analyze its components using various techniques starting from the extraction, isolation and identification of cannabinoids using separatory compounds and NMR techniques as well as the main important morphological traits of this strain to be harvested at an appropriate time for medicinal uses in Greece and later on, in Lebanon. Thirty different samples were selected from the field of respected “Hemp Way Company” in Thessaloniki and studied for morphological traits. These were related to the length of the plant at harvest time (1.809 m) needed for the use of combines and the weight of inflorescence (213.5 g fresh and 40.8 g dry) for oil or seed production. Three samples of Karma Lemon cannabis strain inflorescence were analyzed at the Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, in the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in Greece, after proper extraction and isolation using ethanol and other separation compounds. TLC and NMR techniques were used to visualize and identify cannabinoids present after isolation. Cannabinoid acids, CBG, CBN, THC, CBD and other cannabinoids were identified and isolated.
Phosphate Organomineral Fertilizer Usage Compared to Mineral Phosphate in Corn Cultivation
Authors: Silva Renan Cesar Dias da , Lana Regina Maria Quintão , Silva José Geraldo Mageste da , Oliveira Guilherme Neres , Magela Mara Lucia Martins
Published: June 2020

Corn has great relevance for agribusiness as it is used in human and animal food, besides the energy matrix. The objective of this study was to assess the leaf content of macro and micronutrient, accumulation of primary macronutrients, production components and productivity with the application of pelleted organomineral fertilizer in different doses compared to mineral fertilization, in two soils of different textures in the corn crop. Two trials were conducted in the municipality of Uberlândia-MG-Brazil: one located near the highway BR 452 km 141, at the coordinate 18°55′26″S, 48°09′36″W, clay soil. The other at km 640 of BR 365, at coordinate 18°54′05″S, 48°25′20″W, sandy soil. A randomized block design with five replications was used, with five doses of organomineral fertilizer (40, 60, 80, 100 and 120% of the recommended dose of P2O5 for corn) and an additional with 100% of the recommendation of mineral P2O5, total of six treatments and 30 plots. The results showed that, with the exception of phosphorus leaf content, yield in the sandy texture and the number of grains per row in the clay texture, there was no difference between the doses of phosphate organomineral and did not differ from the mineral. Thus, phosphate organomineral is as efficient as mineral for phosphorus supply.
Communication between a performer and listener during a choral concert
Authors: Zeman Aleksandra
Published: June 2020

The article discusses the question of communication between a performer and listener during a choral concert. What happens there is an immediate encounter of three entities forming an inimitable community of the event. The entities comprise the following: conductor, choir, recipient–listener. In order to explore the essence of this unique relation between a performer and listener during a choral concert, research was carried out in the conductors’ milieu in 2018. The research was the second part of the project related to communication and creation of a musical work. A performer interacts with a listener at a choral concert through their own, unrepeatable interpretation. What facilitates this communication are first and foremost conductor’s and ensemble’s excellent skills, developed through regular work on the repertoire.