bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On a multiwavelet spectral element method for integral equation of a generalized Cauchy problem
Authors: Asadzadeh M. , Saray B. N.
Published: April 2022

In this paper we deal with construction and analysis of a multiwavelet spectral element scheme for a generalized Cauchy type problem with Caputo fractional derivative. Numerical schemes for this type of problems, often suffer from the draw-back of spurious oscillations. A common remedy is to render the problem to an equivalent integral equation. For the generalized Cauchy type problem, a corresponding integral equation is of nonlinear Volterra type. In this paper we investigate wellposedness and convergence of a stabilizing multiwavelet scheme for a, one-dimensional case (in [a, b] or [0, 1]), of this problem. Based on multiwavelets, we construct an approximation procedure for the fractional integral operator that yields a linear system of equations with sparse coefficient matrix. In this setting, choosing an appropriate threshold, the number of non-zero coefficients in the system is substantially reduced. A severe obstacle in the convergence analysis is the lack of continuous derivatives in the vicinity of the inflow/ starting boundary point. We overcome this issue through separating a J (mesh)-dependent, small, neighborhood of a (or origin) from the interval, where we only take $$L_2$$

L
2

-norm. The estimate in this part relies on Chebyshev polynomials, viz. As reported by Richardson( Chebyshev interpolation for functions with endpoint singularities via exponential and double-exponential transforms, Oxford University, UK, 2012) and decreases, almost, exponentially by raising J. At the remaining part of the domain the solution is sufficiently regular to derive the desired optimal error bound. We construct such a modified scheme and analyze its wellposedness, efficiency and accuracy. The robustness of the proposed scheme is confirmed implementing numerical examples.
Measurement Feedback System for Intensive Neurorehabilitation after Severe Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: van der Veen Ruud , Oosterlaan Jaap , Bos Mike , van Dooren Mara , Düdükçü Işıl , van Iperen Andries , Kooiman Linda , Nicolas Karel , Peerdeman Saskia , Königs Marsh
Published: April 2022

Outcome of acquired brain injury (ABI) and the potential for neurorehabilitation are subject to distinct heterogeneity between patients. Limited knowledge of the complex constellation of determinants at play interferes with the possibility to deploy precision medicine in neurorehabilitation. Measurement Feedback Systems (MFS) structure clinical data collection and deliver the measurement results as feedback to clinicians, thereby facilitating progress monitoring, promoting balanced patient-centered discussion and shared decision making. Accumulation of clinical data in the MFS also enables data-driven precision rehabilitation medicine. This article describes the development and implementation of a MFS for neurorehabilitation after ABI. The MFS consists of specialized measurement tracks which are developed together with representatives of each discipline in the multidisciplinary team. The MFS is built into a digital platform that automatically distributes measurements among clinicians, at predetermined time points during the inpatient treatment, outpatient treatment and follow-up. The results of all measurements are visualized in individual patient dashboards that are accessible for all clinicians involved in treatment. Since step-wise implementation, 124 patients have been registered on the MFS platform so far, providing an average of more than 200 new measurements per week. Currently, more than 15,000 clinical measurements are captured in the MFS. The current overall completion rate of measurements is 86,4%. This study shows that structured clinical assessment and feedback is feasible in the context of neurorehabilitation after severe ABI. The future directions are discussed for MFS data in our Health Intelligence Program, which aims at periodic care evaluation and the transition of neurorehabilitation care towards precision medicine.
Size-Dependent Fracture Characteristics of Intermetallic Alloys
Authors: Raina Arun
Published: April 2022

Background

Lightweight alloys such as intermetallic titanium aluminide (TiAl) alloys are poised to be a potential candidate for replacing heavier nickel based super alloys in an aero engine. However, before an industry wide implementation is possible, it is indispensable to develop physically accurate computational material models which account for essential deformation and fracture mechanisms. This assists the virtual prototyping required for the new product development using TiAl components.

Objective

The objective of this work is to determine the effect of size of tested specimens on their fracture energy and provide a physically motivated scaling law.

Methods

In this work, the quasi-brittle behavior of TiAl alloys is experimentally and numerically investigated. A total number of 29 geometrically identical TiAl specimens of three different sizes are tested in a three-point bending setup. Since the final abrupt failure of each specimen is preceded by plasticity, a theoretical and numerical framework which accounts for both elastic and plastic work densities is applied in simulations.

Results

The fracture energy density for each tested size is calculated numerically which is found to be lower for larger volumes, thereby, confirming the size effect in intermetallic TiAl alloys. A novel size effect law is proposed which is based on two physically motivated coefficients.

Conclusions

The work concludes with the quantitative knowledge of the size-dependent fracture energy of intermetallic alloys and an empirical scaling law to predict the same. Excellent predictive capability of the proposed law is successfully established with data of various quasi-brittle materials from literature.
Micro-feature-motivated numerical analysis of the coupled bio-chemo-hydro-mechanical behaviour in MICP
Authors: Wang Xuerui , Nackenhorst Udo
Published: April 2022

A coupled bio-chemo-hydro-mechanical model (BCHM) is developed to investigate the permeability reduction and stiffness improvement in soil by microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP). Specifically, in our model based on the geometric method a link between the micro- and macroscopic features is generated. This allows the model to capture the macroscopic material property changes caused by variations in the microstructure during MICP. The developed model was calibrated and validated with the experimental data from different literature sources. Besides, the model was applied in a scenario simulation to predict the hydro-mechanical response of MICP-soil under continuous biochemical, hydraulic and mechanical treatments. Our modelling study indicates that for a reasonable prediction of the permeability reduction and stiffness improvement by MICP in both space and time, the coupled BCHM processes and the influences from the microstructural aspects should be considered. Due to its capability to capture the dynamic BCHM interactions in flexible settings, this model could potentially be adopted as a designing tool for real MICP applications.
A Systematic Review of the Effects of Urban Living on Suicidality and Self-Harm in the UK and Ireland
Authors: Satherley Rose-Marie , Hazell Cassie M. , Jones Christina J. , Hanna Paul
Published: April 2022

We
conducted a systematic review to answer the following: (a) Is there any evidence to support increased prevalence of suicidality and self-harm (i.e. self-harm or suicidality) in urban versus rural environments? (b) What aspects of the urban environment pose risk for suicidality and self-harm? Thirty-five studies met our criteria. Our findings reflect a mixed picture, but with a tendency for urban living to be associated with an increased risk of suicidality and self-harm over rural living, particularly for those living in deprived areas. Further research should focus on the clustering and additive effects of risk and protective factors for suicidality and self-harm in urban environments.
Bifurcations of balanced configurations for the Newtonian n-body problem in $$\mathbb {R}^4$$
Authors: Asselle Luca , Fenucci Marco , Portaluri Alessandro
Published: April 2022

For the gravitational n-body problem, the simplest motions are provided by those rigid motions in which each body moves along a Keplerian orbit and the shape of the system is a constant (up to rotations and scalings) configuration featuring suitable properties. While in dimension $$d \le 3$$

d
≤
3

the configuration must be central, in dimension $$d \ge 4$$

d
≥
4

new possibilities arise due to the complexity of the orthogonal group, and indeed there is a wider class of S-balanced configurations, containing central ones, which yield simple solutions of the n-body problem. Starting from the recent results in [2], we study the existence of continua of bifurcations branching from a trivial branch of collinear S-balanced configurations and provide an estimate from below on the number of bifurcation instants. In the last part of the paper, by using the continuation method, we explicitly display the bifurcation branches in the case of the three body problem for different choices of the masses.
A mixed methods study of an online intervention to reduce perfectionism
Authors: Visvalingam Shanara , McHardy Hannah L. , Norder Susanne J. , Magson Natasha R. , Norberg Melissa M.
Published: April 2022

Perfectionism is linked to a variety of mental health conditions in university students. Guided by the Perfectionism Social Disconnection Model, the purpose of the current mixed methods feasibility study was to evaluate the acceptability and potential effectiveness of a brief online intervention designed to reduce the negative consequences of perfectionism in university students. Seventy university students (83.9% female; Mage = 19) reporting moderate to extreme levels of perfectionism completed the two hour ‘Intentional Imperfection Program’ (IIP). The IIP includes techniques to increase mindfulness, compassion for self and others, distress tolerance, and social skills. Participants completed self-report measures at baseline and at a two-week follow-up. Quantitative data showed statistically significant small to moderate reductions in self-oriented perfectionism (d = −0.48, p < .001), socially-prescribed perfectionism (d = 0.40, p < .001), hostility (r = 0.53, p < .001), rejection sensitivity (d = 0.37, p < .001), depression (r = −0.47, p < .001), and anxiety (r = −0.33, p = .010) and a small increase in perceived social support (r = −0.29, p = .023). Thematic analyses of qualitative data indicated that participants found the IIP feasible, enjoyable, and useful. A brief online intervention may be a feasible way of reducing the negative consequences of perfectionism among university students. A randomised control trial is warranted to further evaluate the efficacy of the IIP. This research was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (no. ACTRN12620000574943).
Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy and paleoenvironmental variations across the upper Paleocene–lowermost Eocene at Gebel Nezzazat, West Central Sinai, Egypt
Authors: Kasem Atef M. , Faris Mahmoud M. , Osman Osman M. , Badawy Ahmed Yehia E. , Shaker Fatma
Published: April 2022

Detailed lithostratigraphic and calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphic studies were carried out across the Paleocene–Eocene (P-E) that outcrops at Gebel Nezzazat (G. Nezzazat) in West Central Sinai (Egypt). The study interval spans from the upper part of the Tarawan Formation to the lowermost Thebes Formation covering the whole Esna Formation in between them. The Esna Formation had been subdivided into four members: the Hanadi, Dababiya Quarry, Mahmiya, and Abu Had Members. Five calcareous nannofossil biozones (NP7/8, NP9 to NP12) and four subzones (NP9a and NP9b and NP10a and NP10b) were recognized. The lowest occurrences (LOs) ofFasciculithus alaniigroup,Neochiastozygus junctus,Sphenolithus radians, andBlackites herculesiias well as the highest occurrence ofF. alaniigroup and the increased frequency ofN. junctusare biostratigraphically significant. On contrast, the LOs ofDiscoaster binodosus,Discoaster mahmoudii,Discoaster diastypus,Zygrhablithus bijugatus, andCampylosphaera delaas well as the LOs ofFasciculithus tympaniformisare unreliable bioevents. Calcareous nannofossils increase in abundance close to the P-E transition.Ericsonia subpertusasuddenly increases above the base of Eocene, whereas the diversity ofFasciculithusdrops close to this level. The P-E boundary at G. Nezzazat was placed at the base of the Dababiya Quarry Member in coincidence with the base of Subzone NP9b that was delineated by the LOs ofDiscoaster araneus,Rhomboaster cuspis,Rhomboaster calcitrapa,Rhomboaster spineus, andRhomboaster bitrifida. A small gap was recorded across the P-E boundary as indicated by the lack of the four beds of the Dababiya Quarry Member. The changes in calcareous nannofossil assemblages reveal warm-water and oligotrophic conditions prevailed during the transition at G. Nezzazat.
Comparison of Tropical Cyclone Wind Radius Estimates between the KMA, RSMC Tokyo, and JTWC
Authors: Kim Hye-Ji , Moon Il-Ju , Oh Imyong
Published: April 2022

This study compared estimates of gale-force wind radii (R30 or R34) and storm-force wind radii (R50) of tropical cyclones (TC) by three agencies—the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA), the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) Tokyo, and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC)—in the western North Pacific during 2015–2018 and investigated the characteristics of these estimates. The results showed that the KMA’s R30 and R50 estimates were smaller (38% and 29%, respectively) than those of the RSMC Tokyo, and larger (11%) for R30 and smaller (12%) for R50 than those of the JTWC. The differences between these agencies seem to be largely determined by whether the agency estimates wind radii based only on a TC’s own winds or on TC winds combined with other mid-latitude synoptic systems to make TC warnings more comprehensive. The former is mainly the practice of the KMA and JTWC, whereas the latter is mainly the practice of the RSMC Tokyo. The factors considered for estimating wind radii also differ between the agencies: the KMA heavily relies on TC intensity—the higher the intensity, the larger the radius—while the RSMC Tokyo and JTWC rely less on TC intensity than the KMA but additionally consider the latitude and storm translation speed in their estimations. In particular, the TC translation speed considered by the RSMC Tokyo and JTWC explains why their estimated wind radii exhibit, on average, greater asymmetries (i.e., greater differences between the longest and shortest radii) than those estimated by the KMA. The findings of agency-dependent characteristics of TC wind radius data help to better determining and understanding the TC impact areas for TC risk reduction and management.
Identification coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and physicochemical qualities in various water sources and the efficiency of water treatment plants in their removal- case study: Northwest region of Iran
Authors: Jeddi Farhad , Karami Chiman , Pourfarzi Farhad , Dargahi Abdollah , Vosoughi Mehdi , Normohammadi Ali , sedigh Anoshirvan , Alighadri Morteza , Sadeghi Hadi
Published: April 2022

The presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in water resources and the transmission of diseases caused by it is one of the factors threatening the quality of water resources. This study for the first time concentrates on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in water resources an urban location. In the present study, the samples were collected from known depth (30–50 cm) of rivers, dams and lakes. In each sample of water collected, different parameters such as residual chlorine, pH (phenol red), turbidity, total dissolved solids and temperature were also measured. Out of 267 samples, two samples were detected to be positive which their Ct values were 34.2 and 35.67. The existence of viable form of this virus in water and wastewater may be associated with issues for providing public health and difficulties in implementation of pandemic control strategies, and this situation can be exacerbated in developing countries that do not have adequate access to sanitation and safe water.
Application of a membrane condenser system for ammonia recovery from humid waste gaseous streams at a minimum energy consumption
Authors: Macedonio Francesca , Frappa Mirko , Bamaga Omar , Abulkhair H. , Almatrafi Eydhah , Albeirutty Mohammad , Tocci Elena , Drioli Enrico
Published: April 2022

Among the various technologies for the removal and recovery of chemicals from gaseous streams, the membrane condenser (MCo) is proposed and analyzed in this work. In particular, the case of MCo used for the recovery of ammonia at minimum energy consumption is reported. For reaching this aim, three different MCo configurations have been proposed and compared. They differ in the way cooling is achieved: in configuration 1, the feed is cooled via cooling water before entering the membrane module; in configuration 2, a cold sweeping gas cools the feed stream directly inside the membrane module; in configuration 3, the feed is first partially cooled via an external medium and then a sweeping gas is used for the final cooling of the stream. The achieved results indicate configuration 2, among the three different proposed schemes, the one allowing to minimize energy consumption while permitting good water and chemicals recovery.
Patent Notice (Failure) in the Era of Patent Monetization
Authors: Gorbatyuk Arina , Kovács Adrián
Published: April 2022

The most commonly provided economic rationale underlying the patent system is that it incentivizes inventive effort that may not be carried out in its absence. In addition to this utilitarian rationale, economic and legal scholars frequently refer to a second rationale: the dissemination of technological information to the public. This notice function is thought of as an important mechanism to enable a more efficient investment in innovation by stimulating further (cumulative) innovation, reducing wasteful duplicate innovative efforts, and limiting unnecessary litigation. Courts have placed a great deal of emphasis on the notice function and have described it as thequid pro quoof granting patent owners the right to exclude. Whereas the notice function is traditionally confined to the adequate disclosure of inventions, we propose that in light of the recent trend towards rapidly growing markets for patent monetization it should also encompass the adequate disclosure of holders of patent rights. Specifically, we argue that knowing the identity of rightsholders is a fundamental prerequisite for any patent transaction to occur. Based on a comparative analysis of the provisions of six patent offices, we illustrate that even though current provisions warrant an adequate disclosure of the identity of initial patent applicants, they provide the public with only limited opportunities to track subsequent changes of ownership. Whilst most patent authorities require to file notice when patent rights are assigned, strict enforcement mechanisms are absent. This allows for a lack of transparency of patent ownership, which may hamper rather than facilitate technology transactions.
A Spatial Approach to the Study of the Electoral Resurgence of the Extreme Right in Southern Spain
Authors: Iglesias-Pascual Ricardo , Benassi Federico , Paloma Virginia
Published: April 2022

This study analyzes at a local level (i.e. census tract) the spatial patterns and main contextual factors related to the electoral resurgence of the extreme-right party (VOX) in Southern Spain (Andalusia) in 2018 and 2019. The 2019 electoral data was associated with the percentage of total foreign-born population, degree of territorial concentration of economic migrants, average income level, percentage of elderly people, urban/rural areas and the percentage of vote for VOX in 2018 (t − 1). We used a global and local spatial autocorrelation analysis to detect the spatial patterns of the vote for VOX and a spatial Durbin regression model to assess the role of contextual variables and spatial effects. The results underline the importance of space in modelling the vote for VOX and point to the existence of a spatial diffusion process. Previous electoral behavior and the urban milieu also play key roles in explaining the vote for VOX. Moreover, the territorial concentration of economic migrants is negatively related with the vote for VOX, which illustrates the positive character of interracial contact.
Patientenprofit einer präoperativen urologischen Sprechstunde
Authors: da Silva Morais Ana Patricia , Rieger Christina
Published: April 2022

Hintergrund

Angesichts der Zunahme von chronischen Erkrankungen und Polymorbidität besteht ein Optimierungsbedarf in Bezug auf die Früherkennung von potenziellen Risiken und Prävention in der präoperativen Abklärung vor einer urologischen Hospitalisierung.

Ziel

Durch die Interprofessionalisierung mit einer präoperativen urologischen Sprechstunde sollen potenzielle Risiken vor einer Operation erkannt und passende präventive Massnahmen eingeleitet werden.

Fragestellung

Welchen Nutzen der Bedarfsabklärung können Patient*innen aus einer solchen präoperativen urologischen Sprechstunde ziehen?

Methode

Es wurden eine Ist- und Soll-Analyse durchgeführt und darauf aufbauend das Konzept erstellt und umgesetzt. Zu Auswertungszwecken wurden die erhobenen Daten kontinuierlich in einer Accessdatenbank dokumentiert. Nach 9 Monaten wurden diese ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse

Früherkennung und Prävention wurden nach Bedarf bei 73 Patient*innen erfolgreich umgesetzt und dadurch folgende Schritte eingeleitet: 5 Beratungsgespräche zur psychischen Unterstützung (7 %), 11 Empfehlungen für Nahrungsergänzungen (15 %), 9 Angehörigeninstruktionen (12 %), 3 Case-Management-Anmeldungen (4 %), 4 sexologische Beratungsgespräche (5 %) und 3 spezifische urotherapeutische Angebote (4 %).

Schlussfolgerung

Eine prästationäre urologische Sprechstunde eignet sich, um die Risiken und Bedürfnisse der Patient*innen frühzeitig zu erkennen und präventive und beratende Massnahmen einzuleiten.
Ex ante assessment of sustainable marketing investments
Authors: Vollero Agostino , Siano Alfonso , Bertolini Alessandra
Published: April 2022

The sustainability revolution, and the positive effects of sustainable marketing on business performance, should lead companies and research to focus more on issues related to assessment of sustainable marketing investments. This conceptual paper is an attempt to provide a contribution on this interdisciplinary topic not yet considered in the literature. We focus on how companies can assess ex ante this type of investment. We propose an adaptation of the risk-return ratio as a tool for ex ante assessment of sustainable marketing investments. We also provide considerations about the risks and rewards of Starbucks’ “Greneer Stores” project. We conclude the study by discussing the implications for managers of sustainable companies.
Respectful Terminology in Archaeological Compliance
Authors: Watson James T. , Young Aaron J. , Garcia-Lewis Angela , Lucas Cristin , Plummer Shannon
Published: April 2022

Archaeological compliance is defined by state and federal legislation and the constrained, precise language in which it is written. Rules and policies operationalize the law but provide some flexibility in its interpretation and implementation. The pronounced use of “legal” and “scientific” language in archaeological compliance can be considered insensitive or offensive to some tribal members when discussing the disposition and care of the remains and belongings of their ancestors. The language we use constructs our reality and defines how we interpret our interactions of the lived experience. It is therefore necessary to revise the language employed in archaeological compliance to ensure that it reflects the values of the communities that these laws define to determine treatment and ultimate disposition of their ancestral remains and belongings. This article describes and encourages the use of a respectful terminology, developed in conjunction with compliance professionals and tribal representatives, to restructure the language we use and redefine our interactions as more considerate of tribal concerns for repatriation.
AN AXIOMATIC APPROACH TO FORCING IN A GENERAL SETTING
Authors: FREIRE RODRIGO A. , HOLY PETER
Published: April 2022

The technique of forcing is almost ubiquitous in set theory, and it seems to be based on technicalities like the concepts of genericity, forcing names and their evaluations, and on the recursively defined forcing predicates, the definition of which is particularly intricate for the basic case of atomic first order formulas. In his [3], the first author has provided an axiomatic framework for set forcing over models of
$\mathrm {ZFC}$
that is a collection of guiding principles for extensions over which one still has control from the ground model, and has shown that these axiomatics necessarily lead to the usual concepts of genericity and of forcing extensions, and also that one can infer from them the usual recursive definition of forcing predicates. In this paper, we present a more general such approach, covering both class forcing and set forcing, over various base theories, and we provide additional details regarding the formal setting that was outlined in [3].
Intensity correlation functions of microwave maser sources
Authors: Shepelev A. V.
Published: April 2022

Astrophysical sources of microwave radiation with extremely high spectral brightness are interpreted as masers. But by itself, the information about high brightness of radiation does not make it possible to establish whether the radiation is thermal or maser. This can be determined only on the basis of the analysis of high-order correlation functions. A possible measurement procedure for the second-order autocorrelation function (the bunching parameter) for these sources is proposed.
Searching for the synchrotron cosmic web again: A replication attempt
Authors: Hodgson Torrance , Johnston-Hollitt Melanie , McKinley Benjamin , Hurley-Walker Natasha
Published: April 2022

We follow up on the surprising recent announcement by Vernstrom et al. (2021, MNRAS) of the detection of the synchrotron cosmic web. We attempt to reproduce their detection with new observations with the Phase II, extended configuration of the Murchison Widefield Array at 118.5 MHz. We reproduce their detection methodology by stacking pairs of nearby luminous red galaxies (LRGs)—used as tracers for clusters and galaxy groups—contained in our low-frequency radio observations. We show that our observations are significantly more sensitive than those used in Vernstrom et al. and that our angular sensitivity is sufficient. And yet, we make no statistically significant detection of excess radio emission along the bridge spanning the LRG pairs. This non-detection is true both for the original LRG pair catalogue as used in Vernstrom et al., as well as for other larger catalogues with modified selection criteria. Finally, we return to the original data sets used in Vernstrom et al., and find that whilst we clearly reproduce the excess X-ray emission from ROSAT, we are not able to reproduce any kind of broad and extended excess intercluster filamentary emission using the original 118.5 MHz MWA survey data. In the interests of understanding this result, as part of this paper we release images of the 14 fields used in this study, the final stacked images, as well as key components of our stacking and modelling code.
Changing relationships between HIV prevalence and circumcision in Lesotho
Authors: Garenne Michel
Published: April 2022

The study investigates the complex relationships between circumcision and HIV prevalence in Lesotho, using Demographic and Health surveys (DHS) conducted in 2004, 2009 and 2014. Before the HIV epidemic, about half of the male adult population was circumcised as part of a traditional custom, and this proportion increased markedly after 2008 with the campaigns of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC), while HIV prevalence stayed at the same level. In 2004, HIV prevalence was higher in circumcised groups than in intact groups (RR=1.49, 95% CI=1.20-1.86). This relationship changed over time, and was inversed in 2014 (RR=0.86; 95% CI=0.70-1.06). The changing relationship seems to be due to an interaction with education, with more educated men being more circumcised and having less HIV over time. A multivariate analysis showed no net effect of circumcision on HIV, after controlling for wealth, education, and indicators of marriage and sexual behaviour. A small net effect of VMMC was found, probably due to condom use. In couple studies, the effect of circumcision and VMMC on HIV was not significant, with similar transmission from female to male and male to female. The study questions the amount of effort and money spent on VMMC in Lesotho.
ATTENDING TO ATTENDING: PERFORMING AUDIENCE PERSONAE IN CONTEMPORARY MUSIC
Authors: Sdraulig Charlie , d'Heudières Louis
Published: April 2022

This article proposes ways of reimagining how performers and audiences relate to one another during live performances. In contrast to forms of participation where audiences emulate well-known performer and/or composer models, the authors argue for sensitivity to audiences as they present themselves. Attending to, reciprocating and adopting audience behaviour in/as performance can lead to novel interactions, identities and formats for creative practice. The authors discuss pieces by Pauline Oliveros, David Helbich and Carolyn Chen, as well as their own practice research.
DISASTERS, HOMESICKNESS AND RADIO: AN INTERVIEW WITH THOMAS MEADOWCROFT
Authors: Shlomowitz Matthew
Published: April 2022

In this interview the composer Thomas Meadowcroft discusses his radiophonic work Talkback Burnback, from its genesis and source material to its assembly. The work is placed in the wider context of Meadowcroft's earlier radiophonic works, Song Buslines (2013) and Moving Home (2016), and considered in relation to the different traditions of radiophonic works, sound art, podcasts and the Hörspiel.
Can classic biological invasion hypotheses be applied to reported cases of non-native terrestrial species in the Maritime Antarctic?
Authors: Pertierra Luis R. , Convey Peter , Martinez Pablo Ariel , Tejedo Pablo , Benayas Javier , Olalla-Tárraga Miguel Ángel
Published: April 2022

Understanding the success factors underlying each step in the process of biological invasion provides a robust foundation upon which to develop appropriate biosecurity measures. Insights into the processes occurring can be gained through clarifying the circumstances applying to non-native species that have arrived, established and, in some cases, successfully spread in terrestrial Antarctica. To date, examples include a small number of vascular plants and a greater diversity of invertebrates (including Diptera, Collembola, Acari and Oligochaeta), which share features of pre-adaptation to the environmental stresses experienced in Antarctica. In this synthesis, we examine multiple classic invasion science hypotheses that are widely considered to have relevance in invasion ecology and assess their utility in understanding the different invasion histories so far documented in the continent. All of these existing hypotheses appear relevant to some degree in explaining invasion processes in Antarctica. They are also relevant in understanding failed invasions and identifying barriers to invasion. However, the limited number of cases currently available constrains the possibility of establishing patterns and processes. To conclude, we discuss several new and emerging confirmatory methods as relevant tools to test and compare these hypotheses given the availability of appropriate sample sizes in the future.
Machine learning predicts blood lactate levels in children after cardiac surgery in paediatric ICU
Authors: Sughimoto Koichi , Levman Jacob , Baig Fazleem , Berger Derek , Oshima Yoshihiro , Kurosawa Hiroshi , Aoki Kazunori , Seino Yusuke , Ueda Tetsuya , Liu Hao , Miyaji Kagami
Published: April 2022

Background:

Although serum lactate levels are widely accepted markers of haemodynamic instability, an alternative method to evaluate haemodynamic stability/instability continuously and non-invasively may assist in improving the standard of patient care. We hypothesise that blood lactate in paediatric ICU patients can be predicted using machine learning applied to arterial waveforms and perioperative characteristics.

Methods:

Forty-eight post-operative children, median age 4 months (2.9–11.8 interquartile range), mean baseline heart rate of 131 beats per minute (range 33–197), mean lactate level at admission of 22.3 mg/dL (range 6.3–71.1), were included. Morphological arterial waveform characteristics were acquired and analysed. Predicting lactate levels was accomplished using regression-based supervised learning algorithms, evaluated with hold-out cross-validation, including, basing prediction on the currently acquired physiological measurements along with those acquired at admission, as well as adding the most recent lactate measurement and the time since that measurement as prediction parameters. Algorithms were assessed with mean absolute error, the average of the absolute differences between actual and predicted lactate concentrations. Low values represent superior model performance.

Results:

The best performing algorithm was the tuned random forest, which yielded a mean absolute error of 3.38 mg/dL when predicting blood lactate with updated ground truth from the most recent blood draw.

Conclusions:

The random forest is capable of predicting serum lactate levels by analysing perioperative variables, including the arterial pressure waveform. Thus, machine learning can predict patient blood lactate levels, a proxy for haemodynamic instability, non-invasively, continuously and with accuracy that may demonstrate clinical utility.
In Defense of Anti-Racist Training
Authors: Cherry Myisha
Published: April 2022

I will argue for anti-racist training in federal and state funded programs. In order to do so, I will begin by discussing recent events occurring in the United States that have challenged such training. I will analyze criticisms of anti-racist programs, focusing particularly on those that began with the Trump administration and continue today. I will then consider what is happening in response and as a result of these criticisms, as well as make some suggestions for what should happen going forward.
Membership Rights for Animals
Authors: Kymlicka Will
Published: April 2022

It is increasingly acknowledged that animals have an intrinsic moral status, in part due to the influential work of many moral philosophers. However, surprisingly little has been written by philosophers on whether animals are owed social membership and the rights that attach to membership in society. In this paper, I explore why the idea of social membership matters, particularly in relation to domesticated animals, and how it can guide legal and political reforms. Focusing on social membership identifies neglected avenues for transformative change, and offers new ways of challenging the deeply-embedded ‘human use typologies' that currently govern our relations to domesticated animals. It also raises fascinating philosophical questions about the definition of ‘society' and the role of an ethics of membership. Ultimately, we will need to develop a new philosophy of interspecies society.
Food-based nutrition counselling and education intervention for improved diets of pregnant women in rural Malawi: a qualitative study of factors influencing dietary behaviour change
Authors: Katenga-Kaunda Lillian Ziyenda , Iversen Per Ole , Kamudoni Penjani Rhoda , Holmboe-Ottesen Gerd , Fjeld Heidi E
Published: April 2022

Objective:

We wanted to identify factors related to dietary behavioural change among impoverished pregnant women in the face of nutrition education and counselling, describing what creates an enabling environment and barriers for dietary change.

Design:

We used qualitative data from a cluster-randomised maternal education trial and conducted a thematic analysis using a social ecological framework to describe the factors that influenced dietary adherence.

Setting:

Mangochi district in rural Malawi.

Participants:

We interviewed ten pregnant women and conducted four sets of focus group discussions with twenty-two significant family members (husbands and mothers-in-law) and twelve counsellors.

Results:

The participants’ experiences showed that the main barriers of adherence to the intervention were taste, affordability and poverty. The use of powders and one-pot dishes, inclusion of both women and significant family members and a harmonisation with local food practices enabled adherence to the intervention. We found it crucial to focus the dietary education and counselling intervention on locally available ingredients and food processing methods.

Conclusions:

Use of contextualised food-based solutions to combat maternal malnutrition was observed to be relatively cheap and sustainable. However, there is need for more research on local foods used as nutrition supplements. We suggest that investments need to be directed not only to nutrition education and counselling but also to the enabling factors that enhance adherence. The original cluster-randomised controlled trial was registered with Clinical trials.gov ID: NCT03136393.
Überprüfung der Faktorenstruktur und Validierung des Fragebogens zum Studieninteresse am Thema schulische Inklusion (SIT-IN)
Authors: Siegemund Steffen
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Entwicklung und Validierung eines Fragebogens zum Studieninteresse am Thema schulische Inklusion vorgestellt, welcher die 3 Facetten persönliche Valenz, affektive Valenz und intrinsischer Charakter berücksichtigt. Vorstudien mit der Methode des lauten Denkens ( n = 4) und mit regulären Fragebogenerhebungen ( n = 328) führten zu einer Skala mit 14 Items, die 551 Studierenden unterschiedlicher Lehramtsstudiengänge zusammen mit weiteren Skalen, z. B. zu Einstellungsfacetten, vorgelegt wurden. Die explorative Untersuchung der Faktorenstruktur am ersten Zufallsdrittel der Stichprobe konnte die angenommene Einfachstruktur bestätigen. Konfirmatorische Analysen zur Kreuzvalidierung anhand der beiden anderen Zufallsdrittel führten zusammen mit weiteren Fitting-Prozeduren zu einem akzeptablen Modellfit, der auch das Niveau der skalaren Messinvarianz für Studierende unterschiedlicher Lehramtsstudiengänge bestätigt. Unterschiede in der zentralen Tendenz zwischen diesen Gruppen werden ebenso berichtet und diskutiert wie Korrelationen zu Einstellungsfacetten, Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen und Erfahrungen mit inklusivem Unterricht.
Screening zur Erfassung des Leseverständnisses in den Klassen 6 – 7 (SELV 6 – 7)
Authors: Seifert Susanne , Maitz Katharina , Riedl Sylvia , Neumaier Arnold , Stoff Ilona , Gasteiger-Klicpera und Barbara
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird das Screening zur Erfassung des Leseverständnisses für die Klassen 6 – 7 (SELV 6 – 7) vorgestellt, welches Leseverständnis während des Lesens mittels der Maze-Prozedur erfasst. Der Test liegt in einer Print- (SELV-P) und Digitalversion (SELV-D) vor. Es wurden 5 Paralleltestformen entwickelt. Zwei Studien zur Überprüfung der Reliabilität und Validität in den Klassen 6 und 7 werden präsentiert, wobei drei verschiedene Maze-Scorings (1: korrekt, 2: korrekt-inkorrekt, 3: korrekt / bearbeitet) einander gegenübergestellt werden. Studie 1 (SELV-P, n = 222, davon 85 6. Klasse) zeigt, dass die 4 Formen (ohne Form 3) die gleiche Fähigkeit messen, jedoch mit unterschiedlichen Mittelwerten. Der Einsatz als Lernverlauf-Messinstrument erscheint somit mit separaten Normen je Form möglich. Die Paralleltest- und Retestreliabilität dieser 4 Formen ist unter Verwendung von Score 1 und 2 ausreichend hoch, nicht aber bei Score 3. In Studie 2 (SELV-D, n = 345, davon 150 6. Klasse) wurde nur Form 1 betrachtet, die unter Verwendung aller 3 Scores die Kriterien der diskriminanten und konvergenten Validität erfüllt.
The Dutch 20 Item Centrality of Event Scale
Authors: Vermeulen Mirjam , Smits Dirk , Claes Laurence , Gandhi Amarendra , Raes Filip , Krans Julie
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Event centrality is defined as the extent to which a memory of a traumatic event forms a reference point for people’s identity and attribution of meaning to other experiences in their life. Event centrality is typically measured with the Centrality of Event Scale (CES; Berntsen & Rubin, 2006 ). The present study’s first aim was to investigate the underlying factor structure and construct validity of the Dutch 20-item CES (CES-20) in undergraduates ( N = 1,091). The second aim was to test whether the CES-20 could prospectively predict posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms four months later. The data supported a one-factor structure of the CES with a high internal consistency (α = .95), which is not in line with the theoretical model of event centrality but aligns with previous empirical research. Furthermore, high construct validity was evidenced by positive and significant relations between the CES and PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, DSM-5 trauma A criterion, and the number of experienced negative life events. Event centrality was not a significant predictor of PTSD symptoms four months later when controlling for PTSD symptoms at time 1, which questions the prospective relation between event centrality and later PTSD symptoms for those events.
Consumption of home-prepared meal at workplace as a predictor of glycated haemoglobin among people with type 2 diabetes in Hong Kong: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Hung Heidi H. Y. , Chan Emily Ying Yang , Chow Elaine , Leung Shuk-yun , Lai Francisco Tsz Tsun , Yeoh Eng-kiong
Published: April 2022

Objectives

There is increasing attention on association between eating patterns and diabetes control following global changes in eating patterns. There had been very limited research on the eating patterns of diabetic patients with employment, although working age population has seen the highest increase in diabetes incidence. This study aimed to identify workplace eating patterns in relation to glycaemic control among type 2 diabetic patients with employment.

Methods

This is a sequential mixed-methods study. The exploratory qualitative study involved focus group interviews with 31 type 2 diabetic patients with employment, which guided the design of a subsequent cross-sectional investigation involving 185 patients with employment. Thematic analysis was conducted on the qualitative data to identify workplace eating patterns most relevant to glycaemic control. Hierarchical multiple linear regression was performed to examine association between workplace eating pattern and glycaemic control, proxied by HbA1c.

Results

The focus group interviews identified frequency in the consumption of home-prepared meals (HPM) and meal hours as the major workplace eating patterns that affected glycaemic control. The cross-sectional study confirmed that regular consumption of HPM at workplace could explain variance of HbA1c, independent of socio-demographic factors, lifestyle factors and disease condition, with R2 = 0.146, F(14, 170) = 2.075, p = 0.015; adjusted R2 = 0.076. Patients who were female, in non-skilled occupation, on shift, with fixed work location and had break during work were more likely to consume HPM.

Conclusions

Consumption of HPM at workplace should be promoted to facilitate better glycaemic control by type 2 diabetic patients with employment, possibly through more practical dietary advice, and workplace accommodation in terms of space and facilities. In the context of COVID-19 pandemic, consumption of HPM also meant additional protection for diabetic patients through reducing close contact exposures in restaurants.
Identification of NOXA as a pivotal regulator of resistance to CAR T-cell therapy in B-cell malignancies
Authors: Yan Xin , Chen Deyun , Wang Yao , Guo Yelei , Tong Chuan , Wei Jianshu , Zhang Yajing , Wu Zhiqiang , Han Weidong
Published: April 2022

Despite the remarkable success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for treating hematologic malignancies, resistance and recurrence still occur, while the markers or mechanisms underlying this resistance remain poorly understood. Here, via an unbiased genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening, we identified loss of NOXA, a B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) family protein in B-cell malignancies, as a pivotal regulator of resistance to CAR T-cell therapy by impairing apoptosis of tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, low NOXA expression in tumor samples was correlated with worse survival in a tandem CD19/20 CAR T clinical trial in relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma. In contrast, pharmacological augmentation of NOXA expression by histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors dramatically sensitized cancer cells to CAR T cell-mediated clearance in vitro and in vivo. Our work revealed the essentiality of NOXA in resistance to CAR T-cell therapy and suggested NOXA as a predictive marker for response and survival in patients receiving CAR T-cell transfusions. Pharmacological targeting of NOXA might provide an innovative therapeutic strategy to enhance CAR T-cell therapy.
Targeted protein degradation: mechanisms, strategies and application
Authors: Zhao Lin , Zhao Jia , Zhong Kunhong , Tong Aiping , Jia Da
Published: April 2022

Traditional drug discovery mainly focuses on direct regulation of protein activity. The development and application of protein activity modulators, particularly inhibitors, has been the mainstream in drug development. In recent years, PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTAC) technology has emerged as one of the most promising approaches to remove specific disease-associated proteins by exploiting cells’ own destruction machinery. In addition to PROTAC, many different targeted protein degradation (TPD) strategies including, but not limited to, molecular glue, Lysosome-Targeting Chimaera (LYTAC), and Antibody-based PROTAC (AbTAC), are emerging. These technologies have not only greatly expanded the scope of TPD, but also provided fresh insights into drug discovery. Here, we summarize recent advances of major TPD technologies, discuss their potential applications, and hope to provide a prime for both biologists and chemists who are interested in this vibrant field.
sTREM2 mediates the associations of minimal depressive symptoms with amyloid pathology in prodromal Alzheimer’s disease: The CABLE study
Authors: Wang Zhi-Bo , Sun Yan , Ma Ya-Hui , Fu Yan , Hu Hao , Xu Wei , Wang Zuo-Teng , Ma Ling-Zhi , Tan Lan , Yu Jin-Tai
Published: April 2022

The effects of microglial activation on the associations between depression and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are still unclear. TREM2 gene plays a pivotal role in microglial activation, has been identified as a risk factor for AD. In this work, we aimed to assess the interrelationships of soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) level in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), minimal depressive symptoms (MDSs), and CSF amyloid markers. The linear regression analyses were conducted on 796 cognitively unimpaired participants from the CABLE (Chinese Alzheimer’s Biomarker and LifestylE) study. Causal mediation analyses with 10,000 bootstrapped iterations were used to test the mediation effects. In addition, similar statistical analyses were performed in subgroups stratified by sex, age, and APOE ε4 carrier status. In total subjects, MDSs were associated with lower CSF sTREM2 levels (p < 0.0001), lower CSF amyloid markers (p < 0.0001), and poorer cognitive performance (MMSE, p = 0.0014). The influence of MDSs on CSF amyloid markers was partially mediated by CSF sTREM2 (proportion from 2.91 to 32.58%, p < 0.0001). And we found that the sTREM2-amyloid pathway partially mediated the effects of MDSs on cognition. Of note, exploratory subgroup analyses showed that the above influences of CSF sTREM2 were pronounced in the APOE ε4 (−) group. These results suggest that early depression is associated with amyloid pathology, which might be partly mediated by microglial activation, especially in the absence of APOE ε4.