bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visual‐attention GAN for interior sketch colourisation
Authors: Li Xinrong , Li Hong , Wang Chiyu , Hu Xun , Zhang Wei
Published: January 2021

In the professional field of interior designing, sketch colouring is often a time‐consuming and vapidity task. The traditional neural network does not handle the semantic relationship of sketch lines well, and the colouring effect is unsatisfactory. This paper proposes visual‐attention generative adversarial network (VAGAN), which enhances the processing effect of edge semantics, strengthens the network to line edge recognition ability, as well as reduces colour overflow and improved model colouring result. In addition, a two‐stage training mode is used to simplify the training of rare samples. The simple line draft input into the trained VAGAN, output natural, realistic colour pictures. The experimental results show that, compared with the existing methods, the proposed method can better deal with the problem of sketch and generate stable and reliable images.
Deep spectral unmixing framework via 3D denoising convolutional autoencoder
Authors: Jia Peiyuan , Zhang Miao , Shen Yi
Published: January 2021

Hyperspectral unmixing is an important technique which attempts to acquire pure spectra of distinct substances (endmembers) and estimate fractional abundances from highly mixed pixels. This paper proposed a novel deep network‐based framework for unmixing problem. It contains two parts: a three‐dimensional convolutional autoencoder for hyperspectral denoising (denoising 3D CAE) which aims to recover data from highly noised input imagery through an unsupervised manner, and a restrictive non‐negative sparse autoencoder which extracts endmembers and abundances from the scene simultaneously. The proposed denoising 3D CAE network integrates 3D operations in each layer, which allows manipulating volumetric representation of the image data directly and facilitates hierarchical exploration for latent information. Being trained with corrupted hyperspectral image data, the denoising 3D CAE network has strong capacity of capturing the principle and robust local features in spatial and spectral domains efficiently, and it shows superior performance for image recovery with high noise disturbance. Moreover, a part‐based non‐negative autoencoder is concatenated, and the ‐norm penalty is imposed for sparsity enhancement of the solution. Comparative experiments are conducted both on synthetic and real‐world hyperspectral data, which demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed unmixing framework.
A nearby galaxy perspective on dust evolution
Authors: Galliano Frédéric , Nersesian Angelos , Bianchi Simone , De Looze Ilse , Roychowdhury Sambit , Baes Maarten , Casasola Viviana , Cassará Letizia P. , Dobbels Wouter , Fritz Jacopo , Galametz Maud , Jones Anthony P. , Madden Suzanne C. , Mosenkov Aleksandr , Xilouris Emmanuel M. , Ysard Nathalie
Published: January 2021

Context.The efficiency of the different processes responsible for the evolution of interstellar dust on the scale of a galaxy are, to date, very uncertain, spanning several orders of magnitude in the literature. Yet, precise knowledge of the grain properties is key to addressing numerous open questions about the physics of the interstellar medium and galaxy evolution.

Aims.This article presents an empirical statistical study, aimed at quantifying the timescales of the main cosmic dust evolution processes as a function of the global properties of a galaxy.

Methods.We modeled a sample of ≃800 nearby galaxies, spanning a wide range of metallicities, gas fractions, specific star formation rates, and Hubble stages. We derived the dust properties of each object from its spectral energy distribution. Through an additional level of analysis, we inferred the timescales of dust condensation in core-collapse supernova ejecta, grain growth in cold clouds, and dust destruction by shock waves. Throughout this paper, we have adopted a hierarchical Bayesian approach, resulting in a single large probability distribution of all the parameters of all the galaxies, to ensure the most rigorous interpretation of our data.

Results.We confirm the drastic evolution with metallicity of the dust-to-metal mass ratio (by two orders of magnitude), found by previous studies. We show that dust production by core-collapse supernovae is efficient only at very low metallicity, a single supernova producing on average less than ≃0.03 M⊙/SN of dust. Our data indicate that grain growth is the dominant formation mechanism at metallicity above ≃1/5 solar, with a grain growth timescale shorter than ≃50 Myr at solar metallicity. Shock destruction is relatively efficient, a single supernova clearing dust on average in at least ≃1200 M⊙/SN of gas. These results are robust when assuming different stellar initial mass functions. In addition, we show that early-type galaxies are outliers in several scaling relations. This feature could result from grain thermal sputtering in hot X-ray emitting gas, which is a hypothesis supported by a negative correlation between the dust-to-stellar mass ratio and the X-ray photon rate per grain. Finally, we confirm the well-known evolution of the aromatic-feature-emitting grain mass fraction as a function of metallicity and interstellar radiation field intensity. Our data indicate that the relation with metallicity is significantly stronger.

Conclusions.Our results provide valuable constraints for simulations of galaxies. They imply that grain growth is the likely dust production mechanism in dusty high-redshift objects. We also emphasize the determinant role of local, low metallicity systems in order to address these questions.
Assessing watermilfoil invasion effects on native macrophyte communities in North American lakes using a novel approach for macrophyte sampling
Authors: Smith Shannon , Küpper Frithjof C. , Trinder Clare , Louca Vasilis
Published: January 2021

Aquatic invasive species are among the greatest threats to freshwater biodiversity. The aim of this study was to understand the effects of two invasive watermilfoil species (Myriophyllum heterophyllumMichx. andMyriophyllum spicatumL.) on native macrophyte communities and to assess community response to a range of invasion intensities as well as examine the influence of canopy types. We hypothesized that some communities would be more sensitive to invasion, and that some canopy species would facilitate watermilfoil presence. We used a novel approach to give better representation of the 3D aspect of the community which involved employing a modified quadrat approach to sample at two Connecticut lakes. Results show that watermilfoil invasion has a significant negative effect on native species richness. Floating canopy does not vary with invasion intensity, but submerged canopy does. One species, (Utricularia purpureaWalter), was associated with high native species richness and rarely occurred with invasive species. The results identify potential species that are disproportionally threatened by invasive species, as well as identifying invasion indicator species. The examination of canopy effects is uncommon in aquatic invasion ecology, and this study suggests that this aspect may have significant effects on resilience to invasion and overall community dynamics.
Sustainability Management of Business Projects in Large Russian Companies
Authors: Apenko Svetlana , Fomina Yulia
Published: January 2021

Large companies implement their business activities in the form of projects. The problem of implementing business projects based on the concept of sustainable development is becoming more urgent. The concept assumes management of business projects in such a way that allows a balance to be struck between the economic, social and environmental interests of groups of stakeholders on an institutional basis at the current time and over the long term. However, there are currently no universal and generally accepted developments in sustainability management. This study aims to develop and test a methodology for assessing and managing the sustainability of business projects that includes values, motives, and the level of maturity of sustainability. The novelty and originality of the methodology lies in the fact that it takes into account four sustainability criteria at once – economic, social, environmental and institutional. It allows the user to identify the level of sustainability, both on the basis of individual criteria and an integral indicator. It also corresponds to the current trend of studying the motives and values of implementing the concept of sustainability in projects. The proposed methodology and the test results from 36 large companies in Russia will help business project managers cope with the growing complexity of the social, environmental and economic environments.
Process Model of the Economic Efficiency of the Financial Administration of an EU Member State
Authors: Kot Sebastian , Dobrovič Ján
Published: January 2021

The current reform of Slovakia’s tax system is a part of the country’s comprehensive tax and levies reform. The reform should contribute to improving and making public finances more efficient. However, its implementation in practice is problematic due to the attitudes and problems of both the professional public and business entities. The aim of this contribution is to help students and business entities to understand the tax system reforms. The contribution is based on information from the main actors of the tax reforms. The data were obtained during 3 months (2019 – 2020) using the questionnaire method. These were processed using basic statistical methods of the descriptive type, followed by an analysis of the principal factors and factor analysis. The factor analysis was crucial for our contribution because it identified 5 significant indicators with regards to the assessment of the reforms and the functioning of the tax system. Subsequently, a correspondence analysis was conducted of the factor “Electronisation/computerisation – greater user comfort” to find out the differences in the perception hereof among the respondents. The contribution therefore provides a new perspective on the evaluation and functioning of the reforms of the Financial Administration’s management system in the Slovak Republic.

Within the framework of the research into this matter, and with a view to increasing the efficiency of the system globally, we also looked at the existing functional organizational structures and tax administration systems in Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic and Slovenia. On the basis of trend analysis, we can assume that the upcoming reform of the Tax and Customs Administrations will significantly contribute to the increasing efficiency of the system and to the positive perception of taxes, which are currently viewed as a socially unpopular obligation.
The Push and Pull Factors Affecting the Migration of Mongolians to the Republic of South Korea
Authors: Zanabazar Altanchimeg , Kho Nam Son , Jigjiddorj Sarantuya
Published: January 2021

Migration, which is a rational labour issue within society, has become a hot topic globally. In recent years there has been an increase in labour migration due to globalization, disparities in the development levels of countries, culture and environment, social instability, political regimes and war. The objective of the presented study was to research the push & pull factors affecting the migration of Mongolians to the Republic of South Korea. The survey was conducted among 498 Mongolians living and working in the Jeollanamеdu and Jeollabugdu districts of the metropolitan cities of Incheon and Ulsan, as well as in the capital city Seoul.

Numerous statistical techniques were applied to test the reliability and validity of the data, as well as factor analysis to confirm that the concepts of each variable were correctly measured, correlation analysis to assess the strength of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables, and multiple regression analysis to predict the value of variables used in the study.

The results of the study showed that the major push factor was an economic one, for which the main motives for migration were low or instable income, the economic downturn and poverty. Likewise, the pull factors were also economic, whereby the motivation to migrate to South Korea was driven by high wages, wellbeing, the opportunity to save and/ or social factors, such as access to quality education, the cultural experience and joining family members who had already settled in the country.
Current Managerial Competencies in Strategic Management and Decision-Making in the Czech Republic
Authors: Straková Jarmila , Váchal Jan , Čaniga Filip
Published: January 2021

Despite the increasingly strong paradigm of management, which is especially visible in the corporate management sector, there have been changes in the perception of strategic management and decision-making. An important indicator of this process is the level or the application of managerial competencies in practice. Extensive research, which was started by the Department of Management of the Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice in 2016, and is still going on, has shown the lack of literacy of managers in this field, especially in the case of older managers. From the perspective of objective scientific knowledge, it can be stated that in scientific and research terms, there is a significant deficit in the corporate sector; the transfer of new knowledge in practice is stagnant or non-existent. This makes the situation all the more urgent, as managers who possess knowledge of this issue consider their knowledge to be obsolete and only partly applicable in terms of their needs for business management. The basic prerequisite to remedy this unfavourable situation consists in knowing the actual situation of individual companies of various sizes and the sectors of the national economy. The submitted contribution presents partial results in terms of the knowledge and application of internal and external strategic analyses by companies operating in the Czech Republic. The research included a set of 456 companies from the entire Czech Republic (109 micro-companies, 140 small companies, 124 medium-sized companies, and 83 large companies). The results revealed a critical state in terms of managerial competencies and skills in companies in the Czech Republic concerning the knowledge and application of strategic situation analysis methods. More than 50% of managers appeared to have only minimum knowledge of this issue.
Qualitätssteigerung in der Intensivmedizin durch Telemedizin: Beispiel ERIC
Authors: Weiss Björn , Paul Nicolas , Kraufmann Ben , Spies Claudia D. ,   und das ERIC-Konsortium
Published: January 2021

Telemedizinische Versorgungsprogramme sind in der Intensivmedizin weltweit verbreitet und haben einen positiven Effekt auf Mortalität und Behandlungsdauer. Dieser Beitrag zeigt anhand der neuen Versorgungsform „Enhanced Recovery after Intensive Care (ERIC)“, wie Telemedizin in der Intensivmedizin eingesetzt werden kann, um die Qualität der akuten intensivmedizinischen Behandlung zu steigern.
The Complex Relationship between C4b-Binding Protein, Warfarin, and Antiphospholipid Antibodies
Authors: Grosso Giorgia , Sandholm Kerstin , Antovic Aleksandra , Gunnarsson Iva , Zickert Agneta , Vikerfors Anna , Truedsson Lennart , Bruzelius Maria , Nilsson Bo , Nilsson-Ekdahl Kristina , Svenungsson Elisabet
Published: January 2021

Background Low levels of total C4b-binding protein (C4BPt), a circulating inhibitor of the classical/lectin complement pathways, were observed in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) and during warfarin treatment.

Objectives To investigate the associations between aPL and C4BPt in patients with persistently positive (++) aPL, with/without clinical manifestations and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and in controls. Furthermore, we explored the impact of anticoagulation on C4BPt and in relation to complement activation.

Methods In a cross-sectional design we investigated defined subgroups: primary (p) antiphospholipid syndrome (APS, N = 67), aPL++ individuals without clinical manifestations (aPL carriers, N = 15), SLE-aPL++ (N = 118, among them, secondary [s] APS, N = 56), aPL negative (−) SLE (SLE-aPL−, N = 291), and 322 controls. Clinical characteristics, including treatment, were tabulated. C4BPt was determined with a magnetic bead method. Complement proteins (C1q, C2, C3, C4, C3a, C3dg, sC5b-9, factor I [FI]) were measured. A mediation analysis was performed to decompose the total effect of aPL++ on C4BPt into the direct and indirect effects of aPL++ through warfarin.

Results Overall, C4BPt is 20% decreased in aPL++ patients, regardless of SLE, APS, clinical manifestations, and aPL profile. C4BPt levels associate positively with complement proteins C1q, C2, C3, and C4, and negatively with complement activation product C3dg. In the SLE group, warfarin treatment contributes to approximately half of the C4BPt reduction (9%)

Conclusion Both aPLs and warfarin are associated with C4BPt reduction. Complement activation in aPL++ patients may partly be explained by impaired inhibition through depressed C4BPt levels. Further studies are needed to understand the clinical implications.
Emerging from war: Public policy and patterns of foreign direct investment recovery in postwar environments
Authors: Moore Robert J.
Published: January 2021

The postwar environment is different from those of active war and established peace, with risks of violence and political volatility existing alongside renewed commitments to stability and development. International aid organizations join governing institutions in guiding policies for postwar growth. Though investments here are risky, I argue that governments can clarify key uncertainties and accelerate the process of recovering FDI by strengthening policy in areas of information transparency, governing accountability, and engagement with international aid. These ideas are tested with a survival analysis of inbound FDI recovery using a worldwide sample of postwar periods from 1970 to 2008. I find that while transparency and accountability accelerate FDI recovery as expected, foreign aid tends to be associated with slower rates of recovery. Rather than encourage postwar FDI with a commitment to development, aid may be an indirect signal that the environment is yet unfit for private sector investment. Policymakers and aid organizations should not rely on aid alone to attract foreign investment in postwar environments. Structures that encourage investment for social responsibility, with a long-term market outlook, may be more successful in these contexts.
Performance optimization of latent heat storage by structural parameters and operating conditions using Al-based alloy as phase change material
Authors: Guan Xin , Qin Tao , Gao Shuning , Yang Yan , Zhang Guanhua
Published: January 2021

Heat storage technology can effectively solve the intermittency and instability of solar radiation and it also plays a vital role in solar thermal power generation. In this paper, Al-based alloys as candidates for high-temperature phase change material (PCM) with different Si/Cu content ratios are prepared. Thermal properties such as melting point, latent heat, specific heat, and thermal conductivity are investigated. A numerical model of phase change heat storage unit (PCHSU) is developed to analyze the heat transfer characteristics. The structural parameters are optimized by the PCM container structure, the surface to volume ratio, and inserted inner ring fins. The operating conditions are optimized by the flow direction, the inlet temperature, and the velocity of the thermal fluid. The results show that Al-5%Si-31.5%Cu (wt. %) has strengths in latent heat, specific heat, and thermal conductivity. The PCM container with a circular structure is superior to that of hexagonal and square structures in heat storage rate and thermal uniformity. The heat storage rate of PCHSU with inner ring finned tube is 6.83% higher than that of the smooth tube, and it has the advantage of inhibiting thermal stress due to the axial temperature uniformity. The horizontal PCHSU is more helpful in stabilizing the state of thermal fluid outlet temperature. Notably, 1023 K and 10 m/s are the optimal inlet temperature and velocity of the thermal fluid. Finally, the heat storage module is analyzed based on the variation of solar radiation intensity. These conclusions provide guidance for the design and optimization of PCHSU for heat storage systems.
Mechanical properties enhancement of Mg–4Si in-situ composites by friction stir processing
Authors: Taghiabadi R. , Moharami A.
Published: January 2021

The effect of friction stir processing (FSP) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–4Si composite was investigated. FSP was performed under the traverse speeds of 8, 12.5, and 16 mm min−1 at different rotation speeds of 800, 1250, and 1600 rev min−1. FSP greatly improved the mechanical properties of the composite. The optimum mechanical properties were obtained at the traverse and rotation speeds of 12.5 mm min−1 and 1250 rev min−1, respectively. The tensile strength, fracture strain, and microhardness of the composite were improved by about 140, 512, and 20%, respectively. The effective refinement and even distribution of Mg2Si particles, formation of ultrafine dynamically recrystallized grains, and the elimination of casting defects were the most influential factors affecting the properties of the alloy.
The relationship between vertical stiffness during bilateral and unilateral hopping tests performed with different strategies and vertical jump performances
Authors: Mohammadian Mohammadamin , Sadeghi Heydar , Khaleghi Tazji Mehdi , Maloney Sean J.
Published: January 2021

Vertical stiffness has been highlighted as a potential determinant of performance and may be estimated across a range of different performance tasks. The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between vertical stiffness determined during 9 different hopping tests and performance of vertical jumps. Twenty healthy, active males performed vertical hopping tests with three different strategies (self‐selected, maximal, and controlled) and three different limb configurations (bilateral, unilateral preferred, and unilateral non‐preferred), resulting in nine different variations, during which vertical stiffness was determined. In addition, participants performed squat jump (SQJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) during which jump height, CMJ stiffness, and eccentric utilization ratio (EUR) were determined. Vertical stiffness in bilateral and unilateral preferred tasks performed with a self‐selected and maximal, but not controlled, strategy was associated with stiffness in the CMJ (r = 0.61–0.64; p < 0.05). However, stiffness obtained during unilateral preferred and non‐preferred hopping with self‐selected strategy was negatively associated with performance in SQJ and CMJ tasks (r = −0.50 to −0.57; p < 0.05). These findings suggest that high levels of vertical stiffness may be disadvantageous to static vertical jumping performance. In addition, unilateral hopping with a self‐selected strategy may be the most appropriate task variation if seeking to determine relationships with vertical jumping performance.

Highlights

Stiffness obtained during unilateral hopping with a preferred strategy was negatively associated with vertical jumping performances

Stiffness obtained during hopping with preferred and maximal strategies was associated with stiffness obtained during a countermovement jump

In this population, hopping stiffness may therefore be reflective of an individual's countermovement jump strategy

High levels of stiffness may be disadvantageous to static‐start vertical jumping
Polo-like kinase 1 independently controls microtubule-nucleating capacity and size of the centrosome
Authors: Ohta Midori , Zhao Zhiling , Wu Di , Wang Shaohe , Harrison Jennifer L. , Gómez-Cavazos J. Sebastián , Desai Arshad , Oegema Karen F.
Published: January 2021

Centrosomes are composed of a centriolar core surrounded by a pericentriolar material (PCM) matrix that docks microtubule-nucleating γ-tubulin complexes. During mitotic entry, the PCM matrix increases in size and nucleating capacity in a process called centrosome maturation. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is recruited to centrosomes and phosphorylates PCM matrix proteins to drive their self-assembly, which leads to PCM expansion. Here, we show that in addition to controlling PCM expansion, PLK1 independently controls the generation of binding sites for γ-tubulin complexes on the PCM matrix. Selectively preventing the generation of PLK1-dependent γ-tubulin docking sites led to spindle defects and impaired chromosome segregation without affecting PCM expansion, highlighting the importance of phospho-regulated centrosomal γ-tubulin docking sites in spindle assembly. Inhibiting both γ-tubulin docking and PCM expansion by mutating substrate target sites recapitulated the effects of loss of centrosomal PLK1 on the ability of centrosomes to catalyze spindle assembly.
Some Aspects of Non-Static Spherically Symmetric Model In General Relativity
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Singh Abhishek Kumar
Published: January 2021

In this paper we have considered some solution of Einstein’s field equation for non- static spherically symmetric metric. Here we taken eα is the function of r and t with our assumption eα = μ1(t)μ2(r) under different cases g(r) = 0 and g(r) = 12r2. Pressure and density have been calculated. As these Solution giving an isotropic and homogeneous distribution of matter in space have since long been known in differential geometry. Such solutions have special interest in general relativity as they afford suitable models of a universe which is assumed to consist of isotropic and homogenous matter so these are of special interest in general relativity.
Investigating impact of Influential Factors of Online Advertisement on Youth’s Online Buying Behavior: A Predictive Model
Authors: Anirvinna C. , Kumar Ashish , Saini Monika , Meena Mohit
Published: January 2021

The impact of online advertisement on consumers which motivates them to do online shopping encouraged the researchers, managers, and policymakers to analyse this impact. In any case, because of its perplexing nature, this wonder is still in its early stages in many nations and should be given more consideration. Using advanced statistical tools (AST), the main aim of the present study is to identify the factors that influence the youth to indulge in online shopping in Jaipur, India. Information were gathered from 434 respondents through a survey utilizing the stratified sampling technique. After recognizable proof of elements, a regression model is created. The results of this study demonstrate that, all the factors have very low correlation. The R-square value of the model is 17.7%. It shows that factors that determine the impact do not contribute significantly. The p-value of the regression model shows that at least one factor contributes significantly. The findings of this examination have different handy and administrative ramifications for electronic organizations in nations. The findings of this examination have different functional and administrative ramifications for electronic organization. This paper adds to current writing on the effect of internet shopping behaviour of youth by distinguishing and experimentally approving persuasive factors and factors of concern utilizing the EFA and Regression investigation model. A regression model, which incorporates different components can be used as a strong hypothetical establishment for predicting youth’s behaviour during online shopping in developing countries like India.
Innovative time efficient method to optimize buildings’ performance using Design of Experiment, Polynomial Regression and Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Serbouti A , Rattal M , Oualim E M , Mouhsen Az
Published: January 2021

Dynamic thermal simulation use is essential for studying complex building systems. One of the major challenges to widely deploy optimization in this field’ engineering and research is the high computational cost to perform the required simulation-based iterations. To participate in overcoming this hindrance, we propose in this paper an innovative time efficient Multiobjective Optimization methodology, based on coupling Latin Hypercube Design of Experiments to Artificial Neural Network polynomial regression and Genetic Algorithms (GA). This method allows to benefit from the robustness of Genetic Algorithms and from the rapidity of prediction of polynomial regression. RBD-FAST sensitivity Analysis indexes are also generated without any extra-time. We successfully applied the method to analyse and optimize a constrained 8-objectives problem with 13 input parameters in six climatic zones in Morocco.
Cut-line Analysis and Parameters’ Extraction of Zinc Telluride Absorber Material based Multi-layer Solar Cell
Authors: Chamola Paritosh , Mittal Poornima
Published: January 2021

In present paper the ZnTe (Zinc Telluride) solar cell with heterojunction structure is developed and its electrical performance are explored. The ZnTe act as an absorber type layer, CdS (Cadmium-Sulphide) is the buffer layer and ZnO (Zinc-Oxide) is the window type layer in our solar cell. The numerical studies were done using Silvaco-Atlas which is a mathematical device-simulator. The ZnTe solar cell is simulated and various devices parameters such as open circuit voltage, fill factor etc. are extracted on different absorber-layer thickness sweeping from 0.5 to 2.5 µm keeping the thickness of other layers constant. This is followed by cutline investigation of the Zinc Telluride solar cell so as to comprehend the device’s physical science as photovoltaic cell. The solar cell is examined via a parallel (i.e. horizontal) cut-line drown inside ZnTe absorber type layer the of photovoltaic cell positioned at the junction of the absorber type and buffer type layer. The ZnTe solar cell shows good performance with 62.89% fill factor.
Compact Noise Modeling Approach in Nano-scaled CSDG MOSFET for RF Switch
Authors: Srivastava Viranjay M.
Published: January 2021

The Cylindrical Surrounding Double-Gate (CSDG) MOSFET can be used to design nanotechnology-based switches that can select the signals from various antennas from/to transmitting receiving sections. This model has the advantages of reduced noise for the various switching circuit application of nanotechnology and radio-frequency technology compared to Double-Gate (DG) MOSFET. In this research, a noise model of CSDG MOSFET has been designed and analyzed to apply the nanotechnology regime with the focus on various noises.
Prediction of effort required to design software for smart city applications
Authors: Rai P , Kumar S , Verma D K
Published: January 2021

In present era smart cities are essential for further development. The fast growth in the urban population is a serious concern for city administration. It leads to various challenges while handling problems of resource crunch and managing them. Developments that relate to smart cities are helping the administration address these problems. Its initial effort prediction and its scalability are the main features for the completion of a successful smart-city project. The initiative depends on many factors that are inter-related. It is not possible to change or optimise certain kinds of aspects separately. The last-minute change in the schedule raises the project budget and time. In the early phases of the project, a realistic and concrete project plan needs a fair estimate of effort. This projected effort helps to monitor and handle the activities of application creation by the developer. Unfair allocation of efforts and resources between development activities, including software projects, contributes to the failure of smart city projects, too. Therefore, for smart city ventures, the secret to success is an accurate estimation of implementation activities at the earliest. Numerous approaches are available for effort prediction of software as well as hardware projects used to develop the smart city projects. Hence, the gap in the different methods available creates thrust areas for researchers to investigate and propose an effort prediction model for smart city-based projects. In this paper, a model has been formulated that takes into consideration a set of critical factors for a given IoT based application used to develop smart city in the subject, and it further provides estimation for the effort.
Benefits of Extensive Solar Electricity Generation in Reference to Current Climate Change Scenario
Authors: Joshi Rutvik
Published: January 2021

Solar power is the cleanest and most flawless; most dependable form of energy. As noteworthy sources of electrical power generation are draining step by step and furthermore its utilization raises genuine natural concerns. These reasons have constrained the advancement of new energy resources which are sustainable and naturally protected. Solar Energy conversion has recovered the spotlight of Worldwide Energy Activities. A solar power system is durable, Environment-accommodating and furthermore lessens our carbon impression. Power is to be transported from enormous power plants to end-customers through a broad system. Rooftop Solar power is useful in expanding power productivity, thinking about the short distance. Solar Energy ends up being domestic and thus, we are in control for our very own bill and energy use. Moreover, solar power systems are sturdy; this probability of power disruption is reduced. The sun provides us with more energy than we could ever utilize, the benefits of solar power are best noticeable in the long haul. We may connect solar energy with electricity through PV (Photovoltaic) panels by expanding our utilization of solar panels. It is at par any reasonable doubt that Rooftop will be a Game Changer. The sun is exceptionally encouraging and promising source of energy. As much as solar was costly before, amid the most recent 30 years, alone researchers have thought of a decent and solid method for tapping the energy from the sun. Solar Energy is obtained through solar panels and converted over to solar electricity utilizing Photovoltaic (PV) technology. PV solar panels are long enduring and productively convert energy from the sun to electricity. Solar Energy must move from Class to Mass.
Synthesis and energetic properties of polynitro aryl-azole derivatives
Authors: Srinivas V. , Kommu N. , Balaraju Muntha , Sahoo Akhila K.
Published: January 2021

Polynitro aryl-azole (pyrazole and imidazole) derivatives were successfully synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR [1H, 13C], HRMS and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC-TGA). Some of the compounds (5,10&11) were also characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD). The physicochemical properties for the synthesized (5,8,10,11&13) compounds were investigated among the all compounds 8 exhibit excellent calculated detonation properties superior to RDX and HMX.
Recent Progress on the Preparation Methods and Properties of Nano-energetic Composites
Authors: Jiang F , Wang X F
Published: January 2021

Nano-energetic composites offer the potential of extremely high rates of heat release, substantial combustion efficiency, regulating energy release efficiency and pronounced decrease of sensitivity. In this paper, in order to explore recent progress in nano-energetic composites, a review on the preparation method including electrospray method, sol-gel method, spray drying method, solution method and some other methods were investigated and compared. What’s more, nano-energetic composites and their properties and sensitivity were summarized. Finally, based on research in recent five years, the development direction and problems that need attention of nano-energetic composites were proposed.
Increasing the effectiveness of combined strikers in the defeat of lightly armored targets
Authors: Khmelnikov E. A. , Smagin K. V. , Zavodova T. E.
Published: January 2021

The article deals with the possibility of increasing the damaging effects of small-caliber artillery ammunition in the fuel tanks of aircraft and helicopters. A comparison of the results of the calculation of the probability of the incendiary effect of strikers based on fluoropolymers on diesel fuel was made. The calculations were carried out using the methods of “Fragment Criterion” and “Energy Balance”.
Simulation study on influence of component thickness on dwell-penetration transition time of long rod projectile impacting ceramic armour module
Authors: Goh W L , Luo B , Xu W , Yuan J
Published: January 2021

The influence of component thickness of ceramic armour performance against long rod projectile is a critical information for the process of armour design optimization. In this study, the correlation between dwell time and cover plate thickness and mechanism shift with different ceramic to backing plate thickness ratio were studied using hydrocode simulation software LS-Dyna. The projectile is a long rod projectile with a length to diameter ratio of 14 at a nominal velocity of 1.25 km/s. In this study the cover plate performance is studied based on a surrogate module configuration, where the backing thickness is 10 mm instead of the usual semi-infinite thickness backing which has minimal bending deformation. The parameters used in the simulation were calibrated against experimental data in previous studies. From the study, the cover plate needs a minimal thickness to establish dwell. For thicker cover plate, the dwell time starts to decrease due to the confinement provided by thickness of the cover, which limited the lateral flow of the cover plate. This restriction of lateral flow, resulted in pressure build-up at the ceramic surface, thus, reducing the dwell time.
Control system design for steering and depth subsystems of autonomous underwater vehicle
Authors: Mostafa Sherif , Elhalwagy Y Z , AboZied M A H , Kamel A M
Published: January 2021

This work seeks to propose the development of a classical-optimized control design scheme for the steering and depth subsystems of autonomous underwater vehicle. Linearization methodological approach is carried out for acquiring the transfer functions to design the convenient P/PD/PID controllers where the gains are optimally adjusted utilizing a graphical tuning technique in LabVIEW. A low pass filter with additional alpha tuning parameter is combined with the derivative action to suppress the expected oscillations entirely. Furthermore, a comparative analysis study with linear quadratic regulator optimal control is established for testing and evaluating the suggested design approach. The effectiveness of the addressed controller strategy is appraised for compensating and rejection of several uncertainties such as fin saturation, angle limitation and sensor measurements noise as they are potentially affecting the system response. The validity of the linearized classical-optimized control design is substantiated with the nonlinear underwater vehicle model through a waypoint guidance scenario under LabVIEW simulation platform. The results revealed a significant improvement in transient and steady state responses and a remarkable enhanced stability for tracking the desired path to different designated waypoints.
Remote Data Transmission of Intelligent Cloud Robot Based on Google Protobuf
Authors: Huang Weidong , Qi Yuan , Zhang Weiguo , Pang Lan , Fan Pengcheng
Published: January 2021

With the maturity of robotic remote control technology, it plays an important role in military, exploration and industry. Their application in the field of daily life is also expanding. The development of 4G Mobile Internet and cloud computing technology provides a new platform for robot remote control technology. In order to realize the communication function of robot remote control, this paper designs a data transmission method based on protobuf tool. According to the characteristics of various operating systems, we choose the Linux system as the robot platform, the Alibaba Cloud server as the relay platform, and the windows application program as the implementation platform. After the system test, when the network is in good condition, through the control terminal, the real-time video collected by the robot can be viewed smoothly, and the command can be sent to control the motion of the robot.
Research on Discharge Timing Control of Multi-Parameter Pulse Forming Network
Authors: Tang Y L , Liu J , Li B M
Published: January 2021

To solve the complicated timing control caused by the mixed-use of multi-generation pulse power sources in the system, a timing trigger control system with a PID controller was designed. According to the nonlinear characteristics of the armature state during the launch process, the circuit model and the dynamic model of the electromagnetic launch system were established, and the PID controller and command processing and distribution system were designed. The results showed that the PID controller can precisely control the discharge timing of the multi-parameter pulse power module so that the armature acceleration can precisely track the set value.
Can photonics technologies contribute to sustainable harvesting of marine life
Authors: Varheim E K
Published: January 2021

Humanity is depending on sustainable management of our common natural resources. Nature has got some premises that can not be violated without consequences. The oceans resources and ecosystems are heading for collapse if measures are not taken to change the course. New approaches based on science and gained knowledge about well working principles and innovative methods employed by marine predators can serve as inspiration to disrupt and rethink the way we perform harvest of marine resources. Humpback whales create bubble nets and make ‘walls of sound’ as a hunting strategy. Snapping shrimps use their claws to generate bubbles that cavitate to stun their prey. Inspired by nature, can we copy and apply principles from such performance in a future harvest methodology? And can photonics technologies play a role in this?.
Sensitivity analysis of factors affecting for the engraving of rifle projectile
Authors: Li J M , Yan W M , Lu D B , Wang Sh , Qu Y J
Published: January 2021

In order to study the primary and secondary relationship between the factors affecting the engraving resistance of one small-caliber rifle projectile, quasi-static push tests were carried out for jacket material by H90 copper and copper clad steel projectile in three kinds of gun barrels with different structures and the corresponding changes of the engraving resistance were obtained and analyzed. At the same time, numerical simulations were carried out for constant high-speed extrusion. Quasi-static test and dynamic simulation results were analyzed, the order of the factors affecting the peak of engraving resistance under quasi-static is the yield strength of jacket>free stroke> engraving length>rifle number> lead, and the factors affecting the peak of extrusion force under high-speed is engraving velocity>yield strength of jacket>free stroke> engraving length >rifle number>lead. It is also found that the relative steady engraving resistance value is close 60% of its peak value under quasi-static, while the same value under high-speed is between 1/8 and 1/6 of the peak value, the results of force peak are basically quite.
Application and verification of Sarrau formula in order to calculate pressure acting on the projectile’s base in the 120 mm Leopard 2 A5 tank’s barrel with piezoelectric pressure sensors and Doppler radar usage
Authors: Wasilewski Aleksander , Weiss Janusz , Kowalik Grzegorz
Published: January 2021

Semi-empiric Sarrau formula relates to a pressure acting on a breech with a pressure acting on the base of a projectile during a shot. Pressure acting on a breech is relatively easy to measure in comparison with pressure acting on projectile’s base. Exact value of projectile’s base pressure can be used in mechanical calculations for projectile, such as strength of a projectile’s body and its acceleration which is essential for example in designing of fuzes. In the paper authors make an attempt for definition coefficient of Sarrau formula to calculate a force acting on projectile’s base. In the paper results of 120 mm Leopard 2 A5 barrel’s shooting tests were used. The results contain pressure in the chamber during a shot measured with a piezoelectric pressure sensor and muzzle velocity measured with a Doppler radar. Piezoelectric sensor registered pressure waveforms. On that basis force acting on the breech was calculated, subsequently force acting on the projectile’s base was calculated with Sarrau formula, kinetic energy and work of the projectile in the barrel. Combining those, muzzle velocity was calculated and compared with muzzle velocity measured with Doppler radar. On that basis the coefficient was determined. The coefficient was later verified with the following shooting tests on 120 mm barrel. Conclusions describe issues during gathering data and results of Sarrau formula verification.
Different aspects connected with the lubricants and harmful exhaust gases
Authors: Esbulatova A , Voinov K , Nasr T , Ghellab Y , Belili O
Published: January 2021

In this paper many important aspects connected with the lubricants are described, namely: the first, the cheapest organic lubricant in the world which effectively saves lubricant between pairs of friction in any operation. The second position is connected with the rational shapes for the lubricants which have to work decreasing wear and tear using the new organic lubricant; moreover, this lubricant is the cheapest in the world. Made experiments confirm this effect in full; some curves are shown in computer program MathCad with calculations. The third part in this article is linked with the plastic lubricant and with the attempt to save it into the tight zone of the contact in pairs of friction. The fourth aspect: there is one physical model which helps to catch car exhausted gases. It’s very important to protect our environment against both the harmful gases and from the overheating for the air in atmosphere. In conclusion, some recommendations are given to realize them into the practice during the operation for the different mechanisms including ecology process.
Study on the information chain of sudden pollution accident
Authors: Liu Y , Zhao W J , Luo Y L , Du Q Y
Published: January 2021

The sudden pollution accident in a river basin is combined with accident cause, cause factor (pollutants) and the receptive environment all together, this study brings up the method to establish the information chain of sudden pollution accidents in a river basin which can describe the causality of all information. Take the sudden oil pollution accident in a river basin as an example, the information system of sudden pollution accidents in a river basin is established from five aspects: pollution source characteristics, pollution characteristics, regional environment characteristics, lash-up treatment technology status and pollution impact characteristics. Through index abstraction and structure representation for the above information, and connect the interactive relationship of the node variables with directed edge line segments, based on which the expert knowledge analysis synthesis method is applied to achieve the optimal causal direction relationship, and the information chain of sudden oil pollution accident in the river basin is ultimately established. This information chain can sufficiently show the causal relationship of each information elements in the sudden pollution accident and can supply decision making basis for examining and distinguishing the status of a sudden water pollution accident in a river basin and determining the precise lash-up treatment technology.