bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive value of hematologic parameters and HALP score for testicular viability in adults with testicular torsion: A multicentric study
Authors: Yilmaz Ahmet Burak , Ozercan Ali Yasin , Erkan Anil , Elmaagac Burak , Senel Cagdas , Keten Tanju , Kutluhan Musab Ali , Kizilkan Yalcin , Yildizhan Mehmet , Oner Suleyman , Demirbas Murat , Guzel Ozer , Ozdal Ozdem Levent , Karabulut Erdem , Tuncel Altug
Published: December 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the predictivity of haematologic parameters and HALP score on testicular viability in adults with testicular torsion.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 139 men ≥18 years of age who underwent testicular detorsion with fixation (n = 90) or orchiectomy (n = 49) due to testicular torsion in five different tertiary centers between May 2019 and August 2023. Demographic, pre‐, peri‐ and postoperative data were analyzed.

Results

The hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score in the orchiectomy group was significantly lower compared to the detorsion group (adjusted p = 0.032). Platelet to lymphocyte ratio and duration of torsion were significantly higher in the orchiectomy group (adjusted p = 0.048, adjusted p = 0.000, respectively). Neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio did not reach statistical significance between the groups (adjusted p = 0.074) Furthermore, the orchiectomy group had statistically significantly more heterogeneous echotexture on scrotal ultrasonography (adjusted p = 0.000). On binary logistic regression analysis; platelet‐lymphocyte ratio and HALP score were not found as significant predictors for surgical outcome (p = 0.296, p = 0.078, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that only heterogeneous echotexture on scrotal Doppler ultrasonography and duration of torsion were independent risk factors for testicular necrosis development (p = 0.004, p < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that heterogeneous echotexture on ultrasound and longer duration of torsion seem to be independent risk factors for testicular necrosis after testicular torsion in adults. However, neither haematologic parameters nor HALP score provided valuable information for testicular viability before scrotal exploration in our series.
The Meaning of the Future for Adolescent Mothers: A Grounded Theory Study
Authors: Ospina‐Romero Angelica María , Pardo‐Torres Myriam Patricia
Published: December 2024

Aim

To describe the meaning that adolescent mothers give to their future.

Design

Qualitative study with a design based on grounded theory and the approach proposed by Corbin and Strauss.

Methods

Forty‐nine semistructured individual interviews were conducted with mothers between the ages of 16 and 19 living permanently with their child more than 40 days postpartum. The interviews were audio recorded. Field notes were made that were transcribed verbatim. Data analysis was carried out by means of open, axial and selective coding and theoretical sampling.

Results

Adolescent mothers’ meaning of the future was encompassed by the core category of ‘changing life, but not destroying it’. Five general categories emerged: changing life by being a mother; taking my child forward regardless of whether I expected it; changing my mind about motherhood; adjusting expectations about the child's father; performing family planning in search of a better future; each category is supported by subcategories that further adolescent mothers’ meaning of the future.

Conclusions

The meaning that an adolescent mother gives to her future arises from the interaction of the events in her past and her reaction to the present. In addition, this experience, together with her other circumstances, leads her to interpret reality in a specific way.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

This study provides obstetric nursing professionals with a theoretical proposal that describes the meaning of the future for adolescent mothers. It enables nursing practitioners to optimise care by aligning it with the realities faced by these mothers.

Impact

Teen pregnancy is a public health priority. The theoretical approach in the study provides a distinct view to the field of nursing, health professionals and the school/government system on adolescent mothers. It demonstrates the vulnerability of mothers and their children and how they require an organised system that bypasses the inequity and stigmatisation to which they are subject.

Reporting Method

COREQ checklist was used.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
The Dual PIM/FLT3 Inhibitor MEN1703 Combines Synergistically With Gilteritinib in FLT3‐ITD‐Mutant Acute Myeloid Leukaemia
Authors: Zicari Sonia , Merlino Giuseppe , Paoli Alessandro , Fiascarelli Alessio , Tunici Patrizia , Bisignano Diego , Belli Francesco , Irrissuto Clelia , Talucci Simone , Cirigliano Elena , Iannitto Maria Luisa , Bigioni Mario , Bressan Alessandro , Brzózka Krzysztof , Ghiaur Gabriel , Bellarosa Daniela , Binaschi Monica
Published: December 2024

MEN1703 is a first‐in‐class, oral, Type I dual PIM/FMS‐like tyrosine kinase 3 inhibitor (FLT3i) investigated in a Phase I/II DIAMOND‐01 trial in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Gilteritinib is a highly potent and selective oral FLT3i approved for the treatment of relapsed/refractory AML with FLT3 mutations. Although gilteritinib showed strong single‐agent activity in FLT3‐mutated AML, the development of gilteritinib resistance limits response durability, indicating the importance of novel combination strategies to improve disease outcome. PIM kinases govern FLT3‐ITD signalling and increased PIM kinase expression is found in samples from AML patients relapsing on FLT3i. Here, we report that the simultaneous inhibition of PIM and FLT3, through the combination of MEN1703 and gilteritinib, can consistently improve the in vitro/in vivo antitumor activity over the single agents, demonstrating the benefit of this combination. Moreover, we demonstrate that resistance to gilteritinib can be circumvented by combining MEN1703 with gilteritinib. MEN1703 interferes with FLT3 upregulation, Mcl‐1 overexpression and PIM kinase signalling, which are all involved in FLT3i resistance. We also show that MEN1703 downregulates stromal cytokines that promote cytokine‐mediated resistance of AML blast cells to FLT3 inhibition. These results demonstrate the importance of the combination approach to overcome microenvironment‐mediated resistance to FLT3 inhibitors.
The Molecular Mechanism Investigation of HBP‐A Slows Down Meniscus Hypertrophy and Mineralisation by the Damage Mechanical Model
Authors: Yang Zongrui , Feng Yuanyuan , Zhang Mingcai , Liu Yongming , Xiong Yizhe , Wang Xiang , Shi Ying , Chen Bo , Wang Zhengming , Ge Haiya , Zhan Hongsheng , Shen Zhibi , Du Guoqing
Published: December 2024

HBP‐A is the main active component of a traditional Chinese medicine Huaizhen Yanggan Capsule, for the remarkable treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). This study aimed to elucidate the ameliorative effect of HBP‐A on meniscus hypertrophy and mineralisation in KOA and the molecular mechanism of its action. An Hartley guinea pig model of KOA that underwent anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) and a model of rat primary meniscus fibrochondrocytes (PMFs) were used to investigate the ameliorative effect of HBP‐A on meniscal hypertrophy and calcification and its signal transduction mechanism of action. The results show that Guinea pig's meniscus width, as well as the area of meniscus calcification and meniscus and articular cartilage injury score, were significantly reduced in the HBP‐A intervention group compared to the ACLT group. The expression levels of mtrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13), runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), Indian hedgehog (Ihh), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and ankylosis homologue (ANKH) at the protein and gene level significantly decreased in the HBP‐A intervention group compared to the ACLT group. In vitro study, apoptosis, hypertrophy, and calcification of rat PMFs after 10% stretch force were significantly improved with HBP‐A intervention. Western blot and RT‐qPCR showed that hypertrophy, calcification, and p38 MAPK signalling pathway‐related markers of PMFs were incredibly depressed in the HBP‐A intervention group compared to the 10% stretch force group. In conclusion, HBP‐A can slow down meniscus hypertrophy and mineralisation induced by abnormal mechanical loading, and its mechanism of action may be through the p38‐MAPK signalling pathway.
Building a Risk Scoring Model for ARDS in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Hong Erchun , Sun Yunyun , Qin Yongming , Zhao Wenjun , Qin Yanzi , Li Xincan , Zhang Liang
Published: December 2024

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the predominant form of non‐small‐cell lung cancer, is frequently complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which increases mortality risks. Investigating the prognostic implications of ARDS‐related genes in LUAD is crucial for improving clinical outcomes. Data from TCGA, GEO and GTEx were used to identify 276 ARDS‐related genes in LUAD via differential expression analysis. Univariate Cox regression, consensus clustering and machine learning algorithms were used to develop a prognostic risk scoring model. Functional enrichment, immune infiltration analyses, copy number variations and mutational burdens were examined, and the results were validated at the single‐cell level. ARDS‐related genes significantly impact the prognosis of LUAD patients. A machine learning‐based risk scoring model accurately predicted survival rates. Functional enrichment and immune infiltration analyses revealed that these genes are primarily involved in cell cycle regulation and immune cell infiltration. Single‐cell expression data supported these findings, and the assessments of copy number variations and mutational burdens highlighted distinct genetic characteristics. This study establishes the prognostic relevance of ARDS‐associated genes in LUAD and provides potential biomarkers for personalized therapy and prognosis. Future studies will validate these findings and explore their clinical applications.
Efficacy and Safety of Topical Application of Plant‐Based Products on Skin Aging in Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Cheng Fengrui , Feng Jinhong , Cao Ziling , Duan Qu , Li Haoying
Published: December 2024

Background

Recently, numerous topical products containing plant‐based ingredients have been reported to resist skin aging. However, there is a lack of sufficient evidence to substantiate these claims. This paper presents a comprehensive review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical products containing plants or plant extracts in anti‐aging.

Methods

Four databases—PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library (CENTRAL)—were systematically searched for articles related to plant‐based interventions and skin aging, covering the period from January 2000 to December 2024. A total of eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta‐analysis.

Results

Products containing plant extracts demonstrated a statistically significant difference in improving skin hydration and skin elasticity, reducing melanin and erythema compared to other products. No significant statistical difference was observed in reducing transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant statistical difference in improvement overall skin elasticity (R2) during short‐term (≤ 8 weeks)treatments, while no statistical difference was observed during long‐term (> 8 weeks)treatments. Additionally, no significant difference was observed in the specific measurements of skin elasticity, including R5 (net elasticity) and R7 (the ratio of elastic recovery to total deformation). Regarding safety, no adverse events were reported in six studies, while the remaining two studies did not specify whether adverse events occurred.

Conclusion

The meta‐analysis results indicated that botanical preparations significantly enhanced skin hydration, reduced melanin levels and erythema, and increased overall skin elasticity. However, the analysis did not provide sufficient evidence to support a reduction in transepidermal water loss (TEWL), or improvements in R5 (net elasticity) and R7 (the ratio of elastic recovery to total deformation).

Systematic Review Registration

PROSPERO (york.ac.uk) identifier: CRD42023478803
Skin Microbiota and Pathological Scars: A Bidirectional Two‐Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Huang Ying , Yang Qinghua
Published: December 2024

Background

Pathological scars (PSs), resulting from abnormal skin repair, chronic inflammation, and fibrosis, affect millions of people. Previous studies have demonstrated that skin microbiota (SM) plays a role in cutaneous inflammation and healing, but the interplay between PSs and SM remains unclear yet.

Objective

To investigate the causal associations between SM and two specific PSs: hypertrophic scars (HSs) and keloids.

Methods

A bidirectional two‐sample mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using genetic data for SM, HS, and keloids was conducted. The random‐effects inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary approach, along with multiple MR methods. False discovery rate (FDR) correction was employed to address multiple testing.

Results

In forward analysis, the family Moraxellaceae and order Pseudomonadales exhibited the same significant protective effects on keloids (odds ratio [OR]: 0.849, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.770–0.935, q2 = 0.03626). The class Betaproteobacteria (OR: 0.938, 95% CI: 0.894–0.985, q1 = 0.01965) and genus Bacteroides (OR: 0.928, 95% CI: 0.884–0.973, q1 = 0.00889) each demonstrated a suggestive protective effect on HSs and keloids, respectively. Some limited evidence suggested that order Actinomycetales contributes to an increased risk of keloids. In reverse analysis, keloids were found to have negative effects on the class Gammaproteobacteria with limited evidence. There was no detectable evidence of horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity.

Conclusion

This study provided evidence for the causalities between SM and PSs, which laid foundation for furthering clinical practice and research of microorganism–skin interaction.
Methodological Issues in Measuring Restrictive Care Practices (Mechanical/physical restraint, Chemical restraint and Seclusion) in Adult Mental Health Inpatient Units: A Systematic Review of Recent Literature
Authors: Belayneh Zelalem , Chavulak Jacinta , Lee Den‐Ching A. , Petrakis Melissa , Haines Terry P.
Published: December 2024

Aims

To identify and characterise the approaches and instruments used in recent literature to measure the prevalence of restrictive care practices in adult mental health inpatient units. Additionally, it sought to summarise the reported psychometric properties, including reliability and validity of these measures.

Methods

A systematic review of recent litratures was conducted using Scopus, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Embase databases to identify studies published from 1 January 2010 to 11 October 2023. A total of 128 studies measuring the use of restrictive care practices were included. Data on measurement methods were extracted from each study and summarised to compare how consistently these practices have been measured across studies and how authors consistently reported the reliability and validity of these measurment approaches. All findings were reported following the PRISMA 2020 checklist.

Results

There were significant variations in how the prevalence of restrictive care practices was measured, and the reliability and validity of these measurements were unclear for most studies. Only 11 studies reported inter/intra‐rater reliability. Key variations were observed in data sources utilised, how and by whom the data were collected, the timing and total duration of data collection during patient admission, how and by whom data were extracted from secondary sources, measurement instruments and the reported reliability and validity of measures.

Conclusions

Methodological inconsistencies about the measurements approaches of restricitve care practices would introduduce potential random and/or systematic biases on the reported data which may obscure the the true prevalance these practices. This hinder the ability to acurately assess the effectiveness of reduction strategies and understand the naturally occuring practices. Establishing a standardised set of reliable measures is crucial for enabling valid comparisons for the rates of restricitve car epractice use across settings and countries, which could enhance the ongoing monitoring and reduction of these practices.

Relevance to the Clinical Practice

The absence of standardised defintions and measurement approaches for restrictive care practices challenges the global effort to reduce their use. Without reliable and common measures, clinicians and researchers often face challenges in documening RCP incidents accurately, compromising efforts to improve care quality and support a recovery‐oriented approach. Such measurment errors would mislead decission‐maker which would furhter contribute to the inconsistency the the implementation of these practices.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO: CRD:42022335167; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/export_details_pdf.php
Relationship Between Geriatric Nurses' Spiritual Care Perceptions and Professional Attitudes, a Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Fang Ting , Zhang Yiying , Zhong Xiaoying , Wang Meng , Yuan Ping , Zhang Limei
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study, based on the self‐determination theory, aims to explore the current situation of geriatric nurses' perceptions of spiritual care and its relationship with their professional attitude. It was conducted from February to May 2022.

Background

As the population ages, it is necessary to actively implement coping strategies. Geriatric nurses are important human resources, so we should pay attention to their perception of spiritual care for the elderly and their attitude towards the nursing profession.

Design

A cross‐sectional survey was conducted.

Methods

A total of 488 geriatric nurses engaged in elderly care were recruited from different hospitals in China. An online questionnaire was used to assess geriatric nurses' sociodemographics, their perception of spiritual care and their professional attitude.

Results

This study's findings indicate that the overall average score of geriatric nurses' perception of spiritual care was at a medium level (173.64 ± 27.87). Geriatric nurses' professional attitude was positively correlated with spiritual care perception (p < 0.001). The multiple stepwise linear regression model (n = 488) had an explained variance (R2 = 0.216), and three factors such as the need to enhance the ability of spiritual care through lectures and other methods were the main predictors of the perception level of spiritual care among geriatric nurses (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The findings demonstrated that the enhancement of professional attitudes among geriatric nurses can effectively augment their perception and implementation of spiritual care.

Implication for Nursing Managers

This study's result is helpful for nursing managers to identify the weak links in the overall nursing services for elderly patients, thereby carrying out relevant intervention measures, improving the perception level of spiritual care of geriatric nurses, optimising the quality of elderly care services and achieving healthy aging.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution. The study focused on the current situation of geriatric nurses’ perceptions of spiritual care and its relationship with their professional attitude. Therefore, the involvement of patients or the public was not deemed necessary for achieving the specific research objectives.

Reporting Methods

The reporting of the study was guided by the STROBE checklist.
Cross‐cultural validation in Greek and reliability of the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Zarkada Angeliki , Dimakopoulos Rigas , Germani Terpsithea , Zavlanou Angeliki , Spinou Arietta , Skouteli Helen
Published: December 2024

Aim

To investigate the reliability and validity of the Greek version of the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System (EDACS) in children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods

The sample of the study included children with CP, aged 3–18 years and classified into Levels I–V of the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Parents of children with CP and speech and language therapists (SLTs) with a minimum of 5 years of clinical experience were recruited. Inter‐rater reliability (IRR) between SLTs and between SLT and parent was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Validity was evaluated by investigating the potential association between the EDACS and Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) and GMFCS, using ordinal logistic regression.

Results

One hundred twenty‐one children with CP (mean age 8.2 ± 4.1), 72 males, GMFCS Levels I–V were included in the study. Ninety‐one parents of children with CP (mean age 8.8 ± 4.2), 54 males and 8 experienced SLTs, assessed the eating and drinking abilities of the children. The IRR between SLTs was excellent (ICC = 0.94), and between SLTs and parents was high (ICC = 0.90). Both CFCS and GMFCS were positive predictors for EDACS.

Conclusions

The Greek version of EDACS is a valid and reliable tool and it can be used to classify eating and drinking ability in Greek children with CP.
Auditory stimulation during deep sleep enhances total slow‐wave activity in a young cohort: A feasibility trial
Authors: Molina Gary Garcia , Matthews Camilla , Myers Annika , Peterson Beth , Strainis Emma , Riedner Brady , Vascan Ana Maria , Tononi Giulio , Jones Stephanie
Published: December 2024

Cognitive, metabolic and sleep benefits associated with enhancement of sleep slow waves using closed‐loop auditory stimulation have been reported in adults but not in adolescents, especially in home settings. Seventeen volunteers (10F/7M; age range: 13–18 years old) participated in a 2‐week, single‐blind, crossover study. STIM (auditory stimulation ON) and SHAM (auditory stimulation at zero‐volume) were each applied for a week (randomized order). Participants used a self‐applied, single‐electroencephalogram, wearable device at home. An embedded algorithm performed real‐time sleep staging, detected slow‐wave sleep and delivered auditory tones separated by a 1‐s inter‐tone interval. After each sleep session, participants completed questionnaires to report sleep quality, sleepiness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale), and performed tasks to quantify vigilance (Psychomotor Vigilance Task) and working memory (continuous working memory performance task). Sleep architecture, count of microarousals, slow‐wave amplitude, total and mean slow‐wave activity (electroencephalogram power in the 0.5–4 Hz frequency band) during non‐rapid eye movement sleep, sleepiness level, and cognitive performance metrics were compared between STIM and SHAM. The slow‐wave amplitude during stimulation, total slow‐wave activity and mean slow‐wave activity were significantly higher in the STIM condition (+10.7%, +7.38% and + 7.57%). The count of microarousals, and the power in alpha and beta bands were not different between SHAM and STIM. The Pearson correlation between slow‐wave activity enhancement and sleep duration (−0.83; p < 1e – 4) suggested a significant decrease in sleep duration proportional to slow‐wave activity enhancement. Trending results (p < 0.1) in the STIM condition included higher number of correct continuous working memory performance task responses (+1.01 correct; p = 0.07). This research provides feasibility of auditory stimulation‐based slow‐wave activity in a young population.
Overcoming the streetlight effect: Qualitative examination of community experts’ perceptions of foundations of learning and development (FOLD) skills
Authors: Ahun Marilyn N. , McCoy Dana C. , Sabol Terri J. , Kim Yuri , Warren Whitney , Jeong Joshua
Published: December 2024

Developmental science has a long history of studying skills that children need to thrive. However, there has been a primary focus on academic skills, with little attention to the breadth and diversity of other skills that young children need to thrive. Furthermore, little is known about the extent to which community experts involved in early childhood care and education (ECCE) value different early developmental skills. This qualitative study examined how community experts (parents, preschool educators, clinicians, and ECCE leaders) defined and conceptualized six foundations of learning and development (FOLD) skills of child development (curiosity, creativity, critical thinking, self‐regulation and executive function, perspective taking, and internal representations of self). We conducted 60 virtual in‐depth interviews with a socioeconomically, racially, and geographically diverse sample of parents (n = 26), educators (n = 17), clinicians (n = 11), and ECCE leaders (n = 6) living in rural and urban areas across the United States. Participants universally acknowledged the importance of FOLD skills as central to development and well‐being in the early childhood period, while also recognizing their interrelatedness with one another. Most participants highlighted self‐regulation and executive function as a core skill. Findings affirm the value of these FOLD skills and highlight the importance of including them as target outcomes of ECCE interventions.
Comparison of early transcriptomic changes to diverse microbial volatiles in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Chang Ching‐Han , Huang Chung‐Chih , Su Pei‐Yu , Li Yi‐Rong , Chen Yu‐Shuo , Wang Chong‐Yue , Zhang Yuan‐Yun , Ting Hieng‐Ming , Huang Hao‐Jen
Published: December 2024

Microbial volatiles organic compounds (mVOCs) play diverse roles in modulating plant growth and stress tolerance. However, the molecular responses of plants to mVOCs are largely undescribed. In this study, we examined the early transcriptomic response of Arabidopsis thaliana to two plant growth‐promoting mVOCs (PGPVs) and one plant growth‐inhibiting mVOC (PGIV). Our phenotype analysis showed that PGPVs from Fusarium verticillioides and Simplicillium sympodiophorum promote plant growth by affecting different organs. In particular, F. verticillioides mVOCs promote plant growth in whole seedlings, while S. sympodiophorum mVOCs increase leaf surface area. Moreover, Arabidopsis treated with the two PGPVs exhibited different growth‐associated molecular responses, which corresponded to the phenotype analysis results. For instance, the FAR1 family (regulates light‐associated plant development) was upregulated by F. verticillioides mVOCs, while the LBD family (regulates leaf size and shape) was enriched among S. sympodiophorum mVOC‐upregulated genes. Hierarchical clustering analysis further indicated that PGPVs induced expression of growth‐associated genes and suppressed expression of defense‐associated genes. In contrast to the PGPV‐induced transcriptional effects, PGIVs caused downregulation of growth‐associated genes with coincident upregulation of defense‐associated genes. Furthermore, a transcription factor (TF) enrichment analysis suggested that HSFs, NACs and WRKYs might be core regulators in the plant response towards mVOCs. In particular, WRKYs might serve as integrating nodes to regulate salicylic acid‐ and jasmonic acid‐mediated defense responses and growth‐defense trade‐offs. Overall, this study provides insights into the early molecular responses of plants after mVOC exposure and suggests that these molecular responses contribute to different phenotypic responses.
Exploration of Landslide Geomorphology and Inventory Construction in Minhe County, Qinghai, China, Based on Google Earth Remote Sensing Imagery
Authors: Wang Qinxia , Xu Chong , Xu Jixiang
Published: December 2024

The upper reaches of the Yellow River, located at the northeastern edge of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau in China, are characterized by intense tectonic activity and widespread landslide geomorphology. Creating a detailed and objective map of landslide geomorphology in this region is crucial for understanding the development of landslides. However, the availability of high‐quality landslide inventories in this area is limited, hindering a comprehensive understanding of landslide development and scientific landslide disaster prevention efforts. This study utilized multi‐temporal high‐resolution remote sensing imagery provided by the Google Earth platform to conduct a thorough landslide geomorphology survey and inventory construction in Minhe County, located in the upper Yellow River. The results show that within the study area of 1890.82 km2, at least 5517 landslide geomorphologies were identified, covering an area of 434.43 km2, with landslide‐affected areas accounting for approximately 22.98% of the total area. The largest single landslide area is 1.62 × 106 m2, while the smallest single landslide area is 880.22 m2, with an average landslide area of 78743.04 m2. The highest landslide point density reached 11.5 km−2. More than 80% of the landslides were distributed in the townships of Qianhe, Zhongchuan, Guanting, and Bazhou. Landslides were predominantly distributed along the tributaries of the Huangshui and Yellow Rivers, with denser occurrences at river bends. In addition, some landslide geomorphologies are located in densely populated village areas, posing significant safety risks. These results provide valuable data support for further analysis of landslide spatial distribution in Minhe County, landslide risk assessment, and other related research.
Assessing the Reliability of Six Land Cover Products for Cropland Identification in a Large Irrigation District in China
Authors: Xing Yincong , Bai Peng , Li Yanzhong
Published: December 2024

Accurate information on cropland area is essential for agricultural development and planning. Here, we evaluated the performance of six land cover products (CLCD, MCD12Q1, CCI‐LC, GLC‐FCS, CNLUCC, and CACD) in identifying cropland extent in a large irrigation district of China from 1995 to 2020 based on visual interpretation samples. The results indicate that CACD performs best with an average kappa coefficient (KC) of 0.89, followed by CLCD (KC = 0.87), GLC‐FCS (KC = 0.75), CNLUCC (KC = 0.65), MCD12Q1 (KC = 0.49), and CCI‐LC (KC = 0.29). Additionally, the cropland area provided by statistical yearbooks is significantly lower than that identified by CACD, with an average underestimation of −34%. We also find that these land cover products exhibit poor consistency in identifying cropland. The average percentage of grids labeled as “completely consistent”—where all six products identify those grids as cropland—is only 16.0% across the entire irrigation district, highlighting the uncertainty of existing land cover products in identifying cropland areas.
Implementation and Validation of Domain Overlapping Coupling Between Computational Fluid Dynamics and System Thermal Hydraulics Using MOOSE
Authors: Coppo Leite Victor , Tano Retamales Mauricio E. , Charlot Lise C. M.
Published: December 2024

A hybrid multiscale coupling methodology based on a recently established domain overlapping approach was successfully implemented and tested for coupling system thermal-hydraulic (STH) and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) codes considering both incompressible and compressible flows. While STH codes can evaluate large systems with multiple components by using a set of simplifying 1D closure correlations, they are not suitable for predicting many flow and heat transfer phenomena (e.g., 3D mixing and thermal stratification). These are relevant aspects for analyzing different nuclear reactor concepts, including high-temperature gas-cooled reactors, molten-salt reactors, and sodium fast reactors. Despite being more computationally expensive, CFD calculations can accurately retrieve these local effects, and the coupled simulations ensure that both methods are being fully taken advantage of.

To form a canonical test matrix, we selected isothermal pipe flows under stationary conditions with a known analytical solution. Both incompressible and compressible fluids were tested using CFD and STH standalone models, as well as their coupled counterparts. This work was accomplished using the Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE), an open-source framework developed by Idaho National Laboratory for conducting multiscale, multiphysics simulations. The models proved to predict pressure and velocity values that are in good agreement with the reference solutions. Thus, this study demonstrates the ability of the overlapping domain coupling in dealing with viscous and compressible effects, as well as its application within the context of the MOOSE framework.
Fatal case of community-acquired pneumonia coinfected with monkeypox virus: clinical and autopsy findings
Authors: Abdo Anselmo , Rabell Sergio , Simón Fidel , Quintero Zaddy , de Armas María C. , Espinosa Namibia , Quiles Lianet , Paneque Ileana , Duran Karel , Martínez Genny , Pérez Luis M. , Pérez Yenisey , Castellanos Roberto
Published: December 2024

Background

Monkeypox (Mpox) has been declared an international public health emergency. The Mpox infection is commonly auto-limited. However, complications, such as secondary bacterial infection, including pneumonitis and encephalitis, have been described, which can lead to death. We report the clinical evolution and autopsy findings of a patient with an atypical presentation and clinical course.

Case Summary

The patient had no significant past medical history and was diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia and monkeypox virus co-infection. The studied subject developed cardiorespiratory arrest with asystole and hypoxic encephalopathy, leading to death around 72 h after hospitalization. The main macroscopic findings in the lungs were condensation associated with bronchopneumonia in the lower regions of both lungs and not thrombi in the pulmonary artery. In the heart, no myocardial abnormalities and no evidence of valvular or vascular abnormalities were observed. Congestion was found in the kidneys and liver. Moderate to severe edema along with congestion of the leptomeninges was found in the brain. The main histopathological findings were lung tissue with diffuse lympho-histiocytic infiltrate, hemorrhagic necrosis of alveolar septa, vascular congestion, and intra-alveolar edema. The perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate in Virchow–Robin spaces was suggestive of encephalic abnormalities. Differentiation between complications due to Mpox and complications associated with Mpox was a limitation due to the lack of immunohistochemical and molecular studies in tissues.

Conclusion

This case illustrates the severe Mpox disease that can be developed in immunocompetent, non-HIV individuals and the possible association of Mpox with other infectious diseases acquired in the community.
Microbial community structure and functional traits involved in the adaptation of culturable bacteria within the gut of amphipods from the deepest ocean
Authors: Cui Yukun , Xiao Yu , Wang Zhuo , Ji Paiyao , Zhang Changhao , Li Yongqi , Fang Jiasong , Yu Xi
Published: December 2024

The Hadal Zone is acknowledged for its extreme environmental conditions, especially high hydrostatic pressures. The dominant scavengers in the Hadal Zone, Hadal amphipods, fulfill vital roles in the Hadal food web and ecological niches. However, research on the gut microbiota of amphipods related to ecological functions and environmental adaptation is still limited. Here, we used 16S rRNA sequencing technology and a culture-dependent method to analyze the composition of the gut microbiota in Amphipoda living in the Mariana Trench. A total of 16 bacterial genera were identified. Among them, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the predominant phyla. The adaptability of gut probiotics to the environment was investigated.
Pediococcus pentosaceus
XY62 was picked up as the representative strain to elucidate the ecological functions of gut microbes in amphipods. The ProBio database and the K-B agar diffusion method indicated that
P. pentosaceus
XY62 exhibited the highest probiotic activity compared with all other isolated strains. Specific metabolic pathways and transporter systems that contribute to a range of environmental adaptation strategies have been revealed by genomic analysis of
P. pentosaceus
XY62. The environmental response genes and a specialized KDP transport system allow it to adapt to the challenging conditions of the Hadal Zone. In addition, the presence of antibacterial compounds and antibiotic resistance genes, as well as the ability to form a biofilm, facilitated the successful colonization of
P. pentosaceus
XY62 in the gut environment.

IMPORTANCE

Amphipods are widely distributed in the Hadal trenches, and the study of their gut microbes has garnered considerable scientific interest. Our research breaks away from traditional omics approaches, innovatively combining sequencing technologies with culture-dependent methods to analyze the gut microbiome structure of amphipods from the Mariana Trench. This not only complements the current omics-dominated field but also paves the way for future resource development of extreme microbes. Furthermore, by conducting genomic analyses and functional validations on a representative strain, we have uncovered its probiotic effects and strategies for adapting to extreme environments. This provides new insights into the theoretical study of the ecological functions of deep-sea bacteria. Overall, our findings offer a fresh perspective on the microbial community structure and environmental adaptation strategies of gut microorganisms in the Hadal Zone.
Gut dysbiosis narrative in psoriasis: matched-pair approach identifies only subtle shifts correlated with elevated fecal calprotectin
Authors: Yunusbayev Bayazit , Bogdanova Anna , Nadyrchenko Nadezhda , Danilov Lavrentii , Bogdanov Viktor , Sergeev Grigory , Altinbaev Radick , Bilalov Fanil , Yunusbaeva Milyausha
Published: December 2024

Many studies have reported gut microbiome alterations in psoriasis patients, suggesting dysbiosis. While evidence for dysbiosis and its link to pathogenesis remains inconclusive, murine models of psoriasis suggest that gut microbiome alterations develop in response to psoriasis-like inflammation. Hence, the dominant narrative about gut microbiome alterations’ impact on disease should be evaluated critically with more data and a well-powered approach. In this case-control study, we used deep sequencing of fecal samples from 53 psoriasis patients and 47 healthy donors to reconstruct the strain/species-level content of the gut microbiome. Unlike previous studies, we first identified matched pairs for each patient with healthy donors to adjust for microbiome variability and increase power. We found no evidence for depleted gut community diversity and apparent divergence in structure between patients and healthy individuals. However, our matched-pair approach identified a subtle but systematic increase in select bacteria among patients, e.g.,
Megasphaera elsdenii
and
Eubacterium CAG 180
. We next showed that these enriched species were correlated with elevated biomarkers of intestinal and systemic inflammation and liver function. Functionally, one of the top species,
Megasphaera elsdenii
, is a potent lactate utilizer in the context of intestinal lactic acidosis and inflammation. While our findings hardly support overt dysbiosis in the large intestine, the observed microbial changes correlate with moderately elevated calprotectin, albeit at levels not enough to diagnose ongoing inflammation. Hence, the sources of elevated inflammatory markers in patients’ intestines remain unclear and warrant further investigation to clarify their cause-and-effect relationship with the disease.

IMPORTANCE

With sufficient taxonomic resolution and sample size, this study critically evaluates new and published data on the gut microbiome in psoriasis patients. It shows that observed taxonomic changes in patients are modest and do not meet strict criteria for gut dysbiosis, at least in the large intestine. Instead, observed taxonomic changes in psoriasis patients can be explained by the microbial response to possible low-grade inflammation with unknown localization in the intestine and unclear impact on the host. The authors point out that published endoscopic data point to the small intestine as the site of gut inflammation. Therefore, further research focused on the small intestine would be informative to clarify the hypothetical gut-psoriasis link.
Supplemental Material: A slab origin for low-δ18O arc magmas
Authors: Mole David R. , al. et
Published: December 2024

 Complete dataset presented herein, including sample information, CA-ID-TIMS data, whole-rock geochemistry, Hf-O data, and corresponding standard information.  
Follow-up and reasons for extended-release naltrexone discontinuation for alcohol use disorder after hospital initiation
Authors: Martin Marlene , Seraydarian Manuel , Gasper James , DeFries Triveni
Published: December 2024

Only 1.9% of the individuals in the USA with alcohol use disorder (AUD) receive medication for AUD. Hospitalisation presents an opportunity to identify patients with AUD and offer treatment. Extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) is a Food and Drug Administration-approved medication for AUD that reduces drinking days and heavy drinking days. XR-NTX can reduce healthcare costs, decrease acute care utilisation and increase retention in treatment. We offered and initiated XR-NTX during hospitalisation to patients with moderate-to-severe AUD. We describe the follow-up rates for XR-NTX after hospital initiation and the reasons for XR-NTX discontinuation in the outpatient setting after hospital initiation. We performed a retrospective chart review of 62 hospitalised patients with moderate-to-severe AUD who received XR-NTX between 1 November 2019 and 31 December 2020. Twenty-two patients (35.5%) received ≥1 dose of XR-NTX within the first 3 months of discharge, 22 (35.5%) stopped XR-NTX and 18 (29.0%) did not follow-up. Overall, 44 (71.0%) patients followed up after discharge. Among those that discontinued XR-NTX, the most common reasons were: (1) a preference for oral NTX; (2) clinicians switching patients to oral NTX after patients missed an XR-NTX dose; (3) clinician challenges in prescribing XR-NTX; and (4) patient obstacles to accessing outpatient care. Our study highlights several opportunities to address modifiable reasons to improve access to and retention in XR-NTX treatment.
Multiomics reveals tumor microenvironment remodeling in locally advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer following neoadjuvant immunotherapy and chemotherapy
Authors: Ji Zhi , Wang Xia , Xin Jiaqi , Ma Lijun , Zuo Duo , Li Hongli , Su Lan , Lv Xinze , Ge Shaohua , Zhang Le , Liu Yong , Zhang Yanhui , Ding Tingting , Deng Ting , Ba Yi , Liu Rui
Published: December 2024

Background

Perioperative chemotherapy is the standard of care for patients with locally advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer. Recent evidence demonstrated the addition of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors enhanced therapeutic efficacy. However, the mechanisms of response and resistance remain largely undefined. A detailed multiomic investigation is essential to elucidate these mechanisms.

Methods

We performed whole-exome sequencing, whole-transcriptome sequencing, multiplex immunofluorescence and single-cell RNA sequencing on matched pretreatment and post-treatment samples from 30 patients enrolled in an investigator-initiated Phase 2 clinical trial (NCT04908566). All patients received neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy. A major pathologic response (MPR) was defined as the presence of no more than 10% residual viable tumor cells following treatment.

Results

Before treatment, the positive ratio of CD3+T cells in both the tumor parenchyma and stroma was significantly higher in the non-MPR group compared with the MPR group (p=0.042 and p=0.013, respectively). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was employed for feature gene selection and 13 genes were ultimately used to construct a predictive model for identifying MPR after surgery. The model exhibited a perfect area under curve (AUC) of 1.000 (95% CI: 1.000 to 1.000, p<0.001). Post-treatment analysis revealed a significant increase in CD3+T cells, CD8+T cells and NK cells in the tumor stroma of MPR patients. In the tumor parenchyma, aside from a marked increase in CD8+T cells and NK cells, a notable reduction in macrophage was also observed (all p<0.05). Importantly, forkheadbox protein 3 (FOXP3), the principal marker for regulatory T cells (Treg) cells, showed a significant decrease during treatment in MPR patients. FOXP3 expression in the non-MPR group was significantly higher than in the MPR group (p=0.0056) after treatment. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing analysis confirmed that nearly all Treg cells were derived from the non-MPR group.

Conclusions

Our study highlights the critical role of dynamic changes within the tumor immune microenvironment in predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant combined immunochemotherapy. We examined the disparities between MPR/non-MPR groups, shedding light on potential mechanisms of immune response and suppression. In addition to bolstering cytotoxic immune responses, specifically targeting Treg cells may be crucial for enhancing treatment outcomes.
Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Data Show Increasing Rates of Distant-Stage Breast Cancer at Presentation in U.S. Women
Authors: Hendrick R. Edward , Monticciolo Debra L.
Published: December 2024

Incidence rates of distant-stage breast cancer at presentation rose significantly in U.S. women overall; women aged 20–39 years, 40–74 years, and 75 years or older; and Asian, Black, Hispanic, and Native American women.
Effect of Prefermentation Treatment on the Bioactive Compounds of Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) Juice
Authors: Arkorful Dhailly Araba , Appiah Francis , Owusu John , Nartey Ebenezer , Darban Isaac
Published: December 2024

Morinda citrifolia L. is used as an alternative medicine in different parts of the world for treating various diseases including diabetes and heart diseases. As a functional food with a short shelf life, processing into different forms increases the shelf life while maintaining its biologically active metabolite and reducing pathogens; therefore, processing technology like natural fermentation must be well managed. The effect of prefermentation processing of noni juice extract on total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC), total antioxidant activity (TAA), and antimicrobial activity for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was analyzed after subjecting noni fruits to 1%, 2%, and 3% of ascorbic acid and brine treatments and natural fermentation for 40 days, with the aluminum chloride calorimetric method at 420 nm for TFC, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) at 650 nm for TPC, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay at 517 nm for TAA, where TFC ranged between 71.7 and 190.0 QE/mL, TPC between 62.6 and 63.7 mg GAE/mL, and TAA between 16.8% and 82.0%. Also, the pretreated noni extracts showed significant antimicrobial activity as compared to the untreated noni extract. In all, the pretreatments employed improved the bioactive compounds analyzed, but with variations.