bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protein-Protein Interaction Network Analysis and Identification of Key Players in nor-NOHA and NOHA Mediated Pathways for Treatment of Cancer through Arginase Inhibition: Insights from Systems Biology
Authors: Ahammad Ishtiaque
Published: March 2018

L-arginine is involved in a number of biological processes in our bodies. Metabolism of L-arginine by the enzyme arginase has been found to be associated with cancer cell proliferation. Arginase inhibition has been proposed as a potential therapeutic means to inhibit this process. N-hydroxy-nor-L-Arg (nor-NOHA) and N (omega)-hydroxy-L-arginine (NOHA) has shown promise in inhibiting cancer progression through arginase inhibition. In this study, nor-NOHA and NOHA-associated genes and proteins were analyzed with several Bioinformatics and Systems Biology tools to identify the associated pathways and the key players involved so that a more comprehensive view of the molecular mechanisms including the regulatory mechanisms can be achieved and more potential targets for treatment of cancer can be discovered. Based on the analyses carried out, 3 significant modules have been identified from the PPI network. Five pathways/processes have been found to be significantly associated with nor-NOHA and NOHA associated genes. Out of the 1996 proteins in the PPI network, 4 have been identified as hub proteins- SOD, SOD1, AMD1, and NOS2. These 4 proteins have been implicated in cancer by other studies. Thus, this study provided further validation into the claim of these 4 proteins being potential targets for cancer treatment.
Quantitative determination and validation of ethylhexylglycerin using Gas chromatography method
Authors: Arla Rambabu , J Srinivasa Rao , Koumaravelou Kailasam
Published: March 2018

Ethylhexylglycerin, an alkyl glyceryl ether, used in various cosmetics and deodorants is also known to have anti-microbial activity and hence used as an adjuvant along with other preservatives to produce synergistic effect. In the present study, a gas chromatographic method has been employed and validated to determine the presence of impurities along with ethylhexylglycerin. A column having the dimension of DB-1 30m x 0.32mm; 0.25µm with acetone as solvent was found to be optimal for the ideal separation of ethylhexylglycerin from its impurities. Injection volume was set to 1 µl and temperature was maintained at 240°C. A clear peak was observed with the retention time of 8.002 minutes. As per ICH guidelines, the developed method was validated with respect to specificity, sensitivity, Limit of detection, Limit of quantification, linearity, precision, and also stability studies. As per the method, it shows a good correlation co-efficient (R2) value of 0.999 within the concentration range of 0.1- 0.75µg. Therefore, a gas chromatographic method was proposed which can be precise, specific and can be employed for the determination of ethylhexylglycerin in various pharmaceutical formulations.

Keywords: Ethylhexylglycerin; Adjuvant; ICH guidelines; Validation; Stability studies
Utilizing of MRCP/MRI in differentiation between benign and malignant biliary obstruction
Authors: Hameed Amjaad Majeed
Published: March 2018

Obstruction is one of the most common problems in biliary tree pathology, combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) regarded as accurate imaging modalities in diagnosis the cause of obstruction and treatment planning due to information obtain from MRCP about biliary and pancreatic ducts, information obtains from MRI cross sections about surrounding parenchyma. This study was aimed to investigate the efficacy of combined MRCP and MRI in differentiation between benign and malignant causes of biliary dilatation and their sensitivity in detection specific cause of biliary dilatation. This study involved 72 patients and conducted in Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital, Iraq during a period from February 2013 to June 2017, the diagnosis of biliary dilatation was done by abdominal ultrasound to all patients followed by MRCP/MRI, the results of MRCP/MRI was compared with final diagnoses done by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), surgical, histopathological and laboratory results. The results revealed that a strong correlation between MRCP/MRI and other gold standard tools in differentiation between benign and malignant causes of obstruction. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MRCP in differentiation between malignant and benign causes of biliary dilatation were 98.4%, 100% & 99.7% respectively. There was a strong correlation (0.990) between MRCP/MRI & final diagnosis to determine the specific cause of obstruction, correct diagnosis the cause of obstruction in 68 patients out of 72 with a sensitivity of 94%. This study concluded that combined MRCP/MRI plays an important role in differentiation benign & malignant causes of biliary obstruction and in differentiation the specific cause of obstruction.

Keywords: MRI; MRCP; Biliary obstruction; ERCP
The excision-generated effect of pterygium on the related corneal astigmatism
Authors: Ameer Kadhum Alyaa Abdul
Published: March 2018

This herein-experimental study was purposely designed to understand the excision-generated effect of pterygium on the related corneal astigmatism (CA). This prospective study was conducted on 26 eyes of 18 patients (˂53 years old) with a primary-nasal pterygium that had attended Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq during March 2016 to September 2017. The study involved 26 eyes that had different grades of pterygium (GP), 1 eye (3%) had GP I, 10 eyes (38%) had GP II, 9 eyes had GP III, and 6 eyes had GP IV. The astigmatism degrees vary with the GP. Preoperative means of astigmatism (PrMA) were 1.77+/-0.45 diopter (D) in GP I, 2.64+/0.77D in GP II, 3.65+/-1.53D in GP III, and 5.74+/-2.2D in GP IV. Interestingly, the degrees of astigmatism were decreased significantly post-pterygium removal. The PrMA, 3.45+/1.23, was reduced to postoperative mean astigmatism (PoMA) 1.71+/-0.99D. The preoperative mean of vision (PrMV), 0.5+/-0.4 was improved to 0.6+/-0.4. Corneal astigmatism was decreased after three months following the excisions. The current study concluded that the possible interference of these invasive tissues with the visual axis of the affected eyes. It also provides significant rates of visual improvements after performing these operations. In addition, visual acuity could be enhanced as soon as the surgical removals of these damaging tissues are done.

Keywords: Astigmatism; Cornea; Excision; Pterygium
RP-HPLC method development and validation for the simultaneous estimation of Irinotecan hydrochloride and Capecitabine in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs)
Authors: M Vijaya Jyothi , E Bhargav , B Keerthana , K Varalakshmi Devi
Published: March 2018

The combination of Irinotecan Hydrochloride (IRI) and Capecitabine (CAP) is indicated for the treatment of cancer. IRI and CAP were developed by an simultaneous simple reverse phase liquid chromatographic method and were subsequently validated from their APIs. The proposed method was based upon the separation of these two chemical agents using Agilent 1200 series HPLC with Qualisil gold C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5µ) column and it was maintained at ambient temperature. The effective chromatogram was obtained using the mobile phase of methanol: water (60:40 (% v/v)) and the pH was adjusted to 3 with orthophosphoric acid at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The column effluents were detected using Photo Diode array detector at wavelength of 340 nm. The proposed reverse phase liquid chromatographic method was validated as per ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines. Based upon the optimized parameters, these drugs were effectively separated and the retention time was found at 4.08 min. for IRI and 7.8 min. for CAP with resolution of 7.6. There is no interference with the impurities or degradation products. The calibration plots were found to be linear over the concentration range of 4-24 µg/ml and 40-240 µg/ml respectively. The LOD and LOQ of IRI were found to be 0.12 µg/ml and 0.373 µg/ml while LOD and LOQ of CAP were found to be 0.254 µg/ml and 0.771 µg/ml respectively. The mean percent recovery of triplicate analysis of IRI and CAP were found to be 100.58% and 100.03% respectively. In conclusion, the developed method can be used in the quality control laboratories for the determination of IRI and CAP in APIs.

Keywords: RP-HPLC; Irinotecan Hydrochloride; Capecitabine; Validation
Impact of pharmacist provided counseling on mental health status of postmenopausal Women
Authors: P Deekshitha , K Dhivya , S Lakshmi Prasanna , T Anusha
Published: March 2018

Menopause is described as the point of time when the last menstruation occurs in a woman. This is the period during which changes in the bleeding patterns due to alterations in the hormone levels were noticed. Due to alterations in these hormone levels, physical as well as mental health changes occur in women resulting in menopausal symptoms. Hence, this study was conducted to analyze the impact of counseling on MHS of postmenopausal women. This simple prospective interventional study was conducted in the Gynecology department of Tertiary Care Hospital for a period of 4 months in 200 patients divided into two groups. Mental health status (MHS) scores were calculated by using a validated questionnaire. Statistically significant difference in the score of baseline MHS was found between the two groups. Reduction in the score of MHS was seen in both the groups after counseling. Thus, this study revealed that providing counseling to postmenopausal women has positive impact on their mental health. Therefore, rendering effectual and repeated counseling to menopausal women depends on their need assist in leading a happy moreover healthy life.

Keywords: Post menopause; Estrogen deficiency Mental health; Counseling
NECESSIDADE DE UMA POLITICA PÚBLICA EFETIVA E CONTÍNUA JURISDICIONAL PARA COMBATER O DEMANDISMO JUDICIAL
Authors: Araujo da Silva Fernanda Cláudia
Published: March 2018

O Judiciário como gestor no desempenho da função jurisdicional está obrigado a estabelecer políticas de gerenciamento à efetividade e celeridade processuais. Ele passa a exercer atividade executiva típica e identifica falhas de gestão como incompetências, resistência à tecnologia, resistência ao planejamento, à propositura de metas a serem alcançadas dentro do Judiciário. Dificuldades enfrentadas e direcionamentos de políticas para sanar dificuldades na jurisdição, preparando-o para uma melhor atuação jurisdicional numa perspectiva gerencial. Essa gestão modifica o Judiciário através de políticas públicas efetivas e de gestão à eficiência e que necessitam ser contínuas através do crescimento estrutural de construção e reformas.
Menjaga Etika Kedokteran pada Masa Tahun Politik
Authors: Prawiroharjo Pukovisa , Rozaliyani Anna , Purwadianto Agus
Published: March 2018

Di tahun politik ini, dokter sebagai warga negara tidak mungkin dilepaskan dari hasrat dan haknya untuk berpolitik. Namun, dalam ekspresi politiknya seorang dokter harus selalu berhati-hati dan mengingat tradisi luhur profesi kedokteran. Tulisan ini akan membahas bagaimana sikap dokter dalam memelihara etika kedokteran dan profesionalisme di tahun politik khususnya dalam konteks hubungan dokter-pasien, serta bagaimana pihak rumah sakit/klinik dan organisasi profesi kedokteran membuat regulasi terkait ekspresi politik tersebut, ditinjau dari Sumpah Dokter dan peraturan-peraturan lain yang berlaku.
Benarkah Dokter Spesialis yang Tugas Jaga Pasti Melakukan Pelanggaran Etik Jika Sekedar Menjawab Konsul per Telepon untuk Pertolongan Kegawatdaruratan?
Authors: Prawiroharjo Pukovisa , Mulyana Radi Muharris , Sidipratomo Prijo , Purwadianto Agus
Published: March 2018

Dalam praktik kedokteran sehari-hari, seringkali dokter spesialis dikonsul oleh dokter jaga untuk kasus gawat darurat, dan seringkali pula spesialis tersebut hanya memberikan instruksi per telepon tanpa datang memeriksa pasien. Bila kemudian terjadi kecacatan apalagi kematian pada pasien tersebut, apakah dokter spesialis ini pasti telah melakukan malpraktik etik dan pidana? Tulisan ini akan membahas etika dokter spesialis dalam kegawatdaruratan, khususnya sebagai bagian dari keseluruhan manajemen di Instalasi/Unit Gawat Darurat dan rawat inap di Rumah Sakit, ditinjau dari Kode Etik Kedokteran Indonesia dan berbagai peraturan terkait. Situasi dan kategori tindakan pertolongan kegawatdaruratan yang dimaksud harus benar-benar dipertimbangkan, dan kerja sama yang erat antara dokter spesialis dan dokter jaga diperlukan untuk menjamin keselamatan pasien.
Isparta ve Burdur İlleri Üretim Alanlarında Yetiştirilen Domateslerde Domates Lekeli Solgunluk Virüsü’nün Tanılanması
Authors: Çulal Kılıç Handan , Isparta Levent , Yardımcı Nejla , Doğan Kader
Published: March 2018

Isparta ve Burdur illeri domates üretim alanlarında
2014 yılında sörvey çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu sürveyler sırasında
domates üretim alanlarından 78 yaprak örneği toplanmış ve bu örnekler ticari
poliklonal antiserumlar kullanılarak DAS-ELISA yöntemi ile Domates Lekeli
Solgunluk Virüsü (Tomato Spotted Wilt
Virus, TSWV) için test edilmiştir. DAS-ELISA testi sonucunda örneklerin
hepsi TSWV bakımından negatif bulunmuştur. Daha sonra bu örneklerden RT-PCR
(Test Transkripsiyon polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu) yöntemi kullanılarak TSWV’e
ait RdRp genleri çoğaltılarak 78 örnekten 15 tanesinin enfekteli olduğu tespit
edilmiştir. Yapılan bu çalışma TSWV’nün teşhisinde RT-PCR yönteminin DAS-ELISA
yönteminden daha hassas olduğunu göstermiştir.
İlkokul Binalarının Ekolojik Açıdan İyileştirilmesi: İstanbul Tuzla Tapduk Emre İlkokulu Örneği
Authors: TIKANSAK KARADAYI Tülay , YÜKSEK İzzet , TUNÇBİZ İrem
Published: March 2018

Günümüz çağdaş yaşamı teknolojiye ve endüstriye
dayalı olarak gelişmekte ve sürdürülebilirlikten uzaklaşmaktadır. Kentli nüfus
oranı artmakta ve bu artışa bağlı olarak kent sınırları genişlemektedir.
Büyüyen kentler yapılaşmayı arttırmaktadır. Hızlı sanayileşme ve kentleşme
sonucu doğal kaynaklar hızla tükenmekte, çevre kirliliği ve küresel ısınma
insan yaşamını tehdit edici seviyeye ulaşmaktadır. Başta enerji olmak üzere
hammadde kaynaklarının önemli bir kısmı yapıların üretim ve kullanım sürecinde
gerçekleşmektedir. Mevcut yapıların önemli bir kısmı ekolojik kaygılar
olmaksızın inşa edildiklerinden özellikle doğal kaynaklardan elde edilen enerjinin
yoğun olarak tüketilmesine neden olmaktadır. Yaşanılan süreçte yeni yapıların
ekolojik özelliklere sahip olarak inşa edilmesi kadar, mevcut yapıların da
ekolojik özelliklere sahip olacak şekilde yenilenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu
kapsamda özellikle eğitim çağındaki çocukların sürdürülebilirlik ve çevre
bilincini yaşayarak öğrenmesini sağlayacak ortamların okullarında oluşturulması
önemlidir.  Ekolojik okul yapıları
sürdürülebilirlik kavramını hem yapısal hem de eğitim aracı olarak içinde
eğitim gören öğrencilere katkıda bulunacaktır. . Bu amaçla İstanbul ili
içerisinde tipik bir okul yapısı seçilmiş, analiz edilerek bu yapıya ekolojik
iyileştirme amaçlı önerilerde bulunulmuştu
Concept note - Development of a SDG Indicator 6.a.2 on Human Resources in the
Water Sector.
Authors: Meyer Chloé
Published: March 2018

SDg Target 6.a is dedicated to 'expanding international cooperation and
capacity-building support to developing countries in water- and
sanitation-related activities and programmes, including water harvesting,
desalination, water efficiency, wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse of
technologies'. We argue that this Target and its Indicator do not currently
provide means to verify whether or not Member States have the necessary human
resources capacities to improve the baseline related to water targets. We
propose to develop an additional indicator, SG Indicator 6.a.2, dedicated to
assessing human resources needs to reach sustainable, full water and sanitation
coverage.

Capacity-building
Human resources
SDGs
Sumber Sebagai Hara Pengganti AB mix pada Budidaya Sayuran Daun Secara Hidroponik
Authors: Utami Nugraha Rizqi , Dinurrohman Susila Anas
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTIncreasing in fertilizer price  has caused  increase  in hydroponic system cost. The  objective of the  research  was  to  determine  the  best  fertilizer  source that  could  replace  AB  mix  by  examining several  sources  of  nutrients, i.e. NPK  15:15:15,  NPK  12:14:12  for  hydroponic  cultivation  of spinach, pakchoy,  and  lettuce.  The  research  was  conducted  in  the  Green  House Dramaga  Field Unit,  University  Farm,  IPB  Bogor  from  February  to  April 2013. The  treatments  (AB  mix,  NPK 15:15:15,  and  NPK  12:14:12)  were arranged  in  randomized  completely  blok  design  with  4 replications. The results showed that fertilizer treatments used did not affect the vegetative growth of spinach,  pakchoy,  and  lettuce,  but  AB  mix  fertilizer  treatment gave  the  highest  yield  in  spinachplants,  pakchoy,  and  lettuce  in  yield components  i.e.  an  average  weight/plant  and  weight  ofmarketable yield, respectively  at  21.65 g,  235.75 g  spinach,  46.06  g,  465.75  g  pakchoy, and 25.93  g lettuce.  In  lettuce  experiment,  no  marketable  yield  was obtained.  Based  on  these  results  NPK15:15:15  and  NPK  12:14:12 fertilizer could not replace  AB  mix  as a  source of plant nutrients inspinach, pakchoy, and hydroponic lettuce.Key words: AB mix, hydroponic , leafy vegetables , NPK 15:15:15, NPK 12:14:12 ABSTRAKKenaikan harga pupuk menyebabkan kenaikan  biaya  dalam sistem hidroponik. Penelitian ini bertujuan  untuk  mendapatkan  hara  yang  dapat   menggantikan AB  mix  dengan  cara  menguji beberapa  sumber  hara,  yaitu  NPK  15:15:15, NPK  12:14:12  pada  budidaya  bayam,  pakchoy,  dan selada  secara hidroponik.  Percobaan  dilaksanakan  di  Green  House  Unit  Lapangan Dramaga, University Farm, IPB Dramaga Bogor, dari Februari sampai April 2013. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak dengan menggunakan tiga perlakuan: AB mix,  NPK 15:15:15, dan  NPK  12:14:12  dengan  4  ulangan.  Hasil  penelitian  menunjukkan bahwa pupuk  tidak  mempengaruhi  pertumbuhan  vegetatif  tanaman  bayam, pakchoy,  dan  selada,  tetapiperlakuan  pupuk AB mix memberikan hasil produksi tertinggi pada tanaman bayam, pakchoy, dan selada yaitu pada komponen hasil panen rata-rata bobot  tanaman-1dan bobot layak pasar, berturutturut sebesar 21.65  g,  235.75  g tanaman bayam, 46.06 g,  465.75  g tanaman pakchoy dan  25.93  g tanaman  selada.  Pada  percobaan  selada tidak  diperoleh  hasil  yang  dapat  dipasarkan.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut pupuk NPK 15:15:15 dan NPK 12:14:12 tidak dapat menggantikan pupuk AB mix sebagai sumber hara pada tanaman bayam, pakchoy, dan selada secara hidroponik.Kata kunci: AB mix, hidroponik, sayuran daun, NPK 15:15:15, NPK 12:14:12
Peningkatan Mutu Bibit Torbangun (Plectranthus amboinicus Spreng.) dengan Pemilihan Asal stek dan Pemberian Auksin
Authors: Apriani Pipin , Suhartanto M. Rahmad
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTTorbangun or Bangun-bangun (Plectranthus amboinicus), is an  indigenous plant. Its leaves isused as herbal plant. Torbangun propagation is done vegetatively by cutting.  The purpose of this research was to determine the best combination of cutting method and auxin concentration, in order to achieve  vigorous seedlings. This research was conducted at Biofarmaka, IPB, from January until March 2014. It consisted of 2  experiments  arranged in Completely Randomized Block Design.  First experiment  consisted  of  3  kinds  of  cuttings  and  3  kinds  of auxin  concentrations  as  treatments.Second experiment was continuation of the first experiment. Second experiment consisted of 3 kindsof  bud  cutting length  and 3  kinds  of auxin  concentrations  as treatments. The result of this researchshowed  that the best cutting treatments  was cutting of  7.0  cm  in length. All concentrations  of auxin did not affect to cutting’s variables.Keywords: cutting methods, seed quality, Plectranthus amboinicus ABSTRAKTorbangun atau Bangun  bangun (Plectranthus amboinicus)  adalah tanaman indigenous yang daunnya  dapat digunakan sebagai tanaman obat.  Perbanyakan tanaman torbangun masih dilakukan secara vegetatif, yaitu menggunakan stek batang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan asal stek  dan konsentrasi auksin yang tepat sehingga  menghasilkan stek yang vigor. Penelitian ini telah  dilaksanakan  pada  bulan  Januari  sampai  dengan  Maret di  Biofarmaka,  IPB.  Penelitian  ini terdiri atas 2 percobaan dan menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak faktorial. Percobaan 1  memiliki  2  faktor perlakuan,  yaitu  asal  stek  dan  konsentrasi  auksin.  Percobaan  2  terdiri atas  2 faktor  perlakuan, yaitu panjang stek dan konsentrasi auksin.  Hasil analisis data  mulai  minggu ke 3 sampai dengan  minggu  ke 7  setelah tanam menunjukkan bahwa  stek asal pucuk  dengan panjang 7 cm  adalah  stek yang paling baik untuk digunakan.  Konsentrasi auksin pada ke  dua percobaan tidak berpengaruh nyata pada semua tolok ukur keberhasilan stek torbangun.Kata kunci: metode stek, mutu bibit, Plectranthus amboinicus
Rekomendasi Pemupukan Fosfor pada Budidaya Caisin (Brassica rapa L. cv. caisin) di Tanah Andosol
Authors: Faranso Donatila , Susila Anas D.
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to determine optimum phosphorus fertilizer application in Andosols soil, at the Pasir Sarongge, IPB Experimental Farm, Cianjur from April to May 2014. This research was arranged in split plot design with main plot five soil P status, namely X (1856.3 kg.ha-1 P2O5), 3/4 X (1392.225 kg.ha-1 P2O5), 1/2 X (928.15 kg.ha-1 P2O5), 1/4 X (464.076 kg.ha-1 P2O5) and 0 X (0 kg.ha-1 P2O5) and subplot five P fertilizer rates, namely (1856.3 kg.ha-1 P2O5), 3/4 X (1392.225 kg.ha-1 P2O5), 1/2 X (928.15 kg.ha-1 P2O5), 1/4 X (464.076 kg.ha-1 P2O5) and 0 X (0 kg.ha-1 P2O5), where X = 1856.346 kg.ha-1 P2O5 or 5156 kg.ha-1 SP-36, in which P was needed to achieve the highest levels of P in Pasir Sarongge Andosol. Rate of N and K were applied at 200 kg.ha-1 of Urea (45% N) and 100 kg.ha-1 KCl (60% K2O) respectively. The results showed that the soil nutrient Pwas able to enhance the growth and yield of caisin, whereas P fertilization treatment did not give significant effect on caisin growth and yield in the medium P content (Bray extractant) of Pasir Sarongge Andosols. The percentage of plants affected by mace root disease was 11.90%. It may influence the effectiveness of P fertilization. The P fertilizer rate recommendations in the Pasir Sarongge Andosol could not be determinedKeywords: fertilizer, P soils, vegetables, rateABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan dosis optimum pemupukan fosfor pada tanah Andosol. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan IPB Pasir Sarongge Cianjur mulai April hingga Mei 2014. Percobaan disusun rancangan Split Plot. Petak utama (main plot) adalah status hara P tanah yang diinkubasikan dari terdiri atas lima, 3/4 X (1392.225 kg.ha-1 P2O5), 1/2 X (928.15 kg.ha-1 P2O5), 1/4 X (464.076 kg.ha-1 P2O5) dan 0 X (0 kg.ha-1 P2O5), dimana X (1856.3 kg.ha-1 P2O5), Anak Petak (sub plot) adalah dosis pemupukan P yang terdiri atas lima taraf, yaitu X (1856.3 kg.ha-1 P2O5), 3/4 X (1392.225 kg.ha-1 P2O5), 1/2 X (928.15 kg.ha-1 P2O5), 1/4 X (464.076 kg.ha-1 P2O5) dan0 X (0 kg.ha-1 P2O5) dengan X = 1856.346 kg.ha-1 P2O5 atau 5156 kg.ha-1 SP-36, yaitu P yang dibutuhkan untuk mencapai kadar P sangat tinggi pada tanah Andosol Pasir Sarongge. Dosis N dan K yang digunakan adalah 200 kg kg.ha-1 Urea (45% N) dan 100 kg.ha-1 KCl (60% K2O). Status hara awal hara P tanah berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman caisin. Namun demikian, perlakuan pemupukan P tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman caisin pada tingkat kesuburan P tanah sedang menurut pengekstrak Bray. Serangan penyakit akar gada kemungkinan dapat menjadi penyebab pemupukan tidak berpengaruh pada tanaman. Persentase jumlah tanaman yang terserang penyakit akar gada adalah 11.90%. Dosis rekomendasi pemupukan P untuk tanaman caisin di kebun Percobaan Pasir Sarongge belum dapat ditentukan.Kata kunci: pupuk, P tanah, sayuran, dosis
Dayasaing Komoditas Bawang Merah di Kabupaten Majalengka, Jawa Barat
Authors: Rahmadona Lola , Fariyanti Anna , , Burhanuddin
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTShallot is included in the category of high value commodities, so that many farmers cultivate it. Indonesia still remains as net importer of shallot. The objectives of this study were to analyze the competitiveness of shallot farming in the district of Majalengka. Respondents were 37 farmers selected by using purposive sampling technique. The data were analyzed by the method of the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) to determine the level of profit and competitiveness. The result showed that shallot farming in the district of Majalengka was financially profitable, but economically unprofitable. The analysis of the competitiveness in the district of Majalengka showed the shallot farming have no competitiveness.Keywords: competitiveness, Policy Analysis Matrix, shallot farming ABSTRAKBawang merah termasuk dalam kategori komoditas bernilai tinggi, sehingga banyak petani yang mengusahakannya. Namun demikian Indonesia masih tetap sebagai net importir bawang merah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk menganalisis dayasaing komoditas bawang merah di Kabupaten Majalengka. Responden 37 petani yang dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komoditas bawang merah di Kabupaten Majalengka menguntungkan secara finansial tetapi secara ekonomi tidak menguntungkan. Analisis dayasaing di Kabupaten Majalengka menunjukkan komoditas bawang merah tidak memiliki dayasaing.Kata kunci: dayasaing, Policy Analysis Matrix, usahatani bawang merah
Comparação entre Métodos de Priorização de Riscos em Radioterapia
Authors: Biazoto Bruna , Tokarski Marcio
Published: March 2018

Ferramentas de gerenciamento de risco proativas, como Análise de Modo de Falha e Efeito (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis – FMEA), foram importadas da engenharia e têm sido amplamente utilizadas na Radioterapia. Uma etapa importante desse processo é a priorização de riscos e muitos são os métodos para realizá-la. Esse trabalho compara a priorização de riscos da fase de planejamento computadorizado em implantes intersticiais com braquiterapia de alta taxa de dose realizada com os métodos de Análise de Modo de Falha e Efeito na Saúde (Health Care Failure Mode and Effects Analysis – HFMEA) e FMEA com diretrizes dadas pelo Task Group 100 (TG 100) da Associação Americana de Físicos em Medicina. Dos 33 possíveis modos de falha desse processo, 21 demandam maior atenção quando avaliados por HFMEA e 22 quando avaliados por FMEA TG 100. Apesar da grande coincidência entre os métodos, HFMEA se mostrou mais simples em sua execução.
Produto Kerma no Ar-Área e Dose Efetiva em Radiodiagnóstico Odontológico
Authors: Mauro Rodrigo Antonio Pereira , De Souza Daiane Miron , Da Costa Alessandro Martins
Published: March 2018

O principal propósito da dosimetria de pacientes em radiodiagnóstico é determinar grandezas dosimétricas para o estabelecimento e uso de níveis de referência e para avaliação de risco comparativa. A utilização do produto kerma no ar-área, PKA tem sido sugerida em radiodiagnóstico odontológico, já que esta grandeza é mais estritamente relacionada ao risco. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento preliminar do PKA e da dose efetiva em diferentes tipos de exames odontológicos. A perspectiva futura é de um levantamento em grande escala para o estabelecimento e o uso de níveis de referência em odontologia no Brasil.
Dosimetria em TC com TLD e Câmaras de Ionização
Authors: Terini Ricardo Andrade , Nerssissian Denise Yanikian , Campelo Maria Carolina S. , Yoshimura Elisabeth Mateus
Published: March 2018

Na Tomografia Computadorizada (TC) moderna, a medição da grandeza CTDI tende a subestimar a dose acumulada no centro do gantry. O relatório TG111 da AAPM sugere métricas melhoradas para a dosimetria em TC, principalmente em varreduras helicoidais e com feixes largos. Neste estudo, uma câmara de ionização de 0,6 cm3, devidamente calibrada, foi utilizada como referência para caracterização de feixes padrão RQT de tomografia no Laboratório de Dosimetria do IF-USP. Adicionalmente, duas câmaras de TC tipo "lápis" e uma segunda câmara de 0,6 cm3 (chamada aqui de 0,6-V) passaram por calibração cruzada nos mesmos feixes de raios X e foram depois levadas a campo e aplicadas a medições de CTDI em um tomógrafo clínico. Obteve-se também doses com dosímetros termoluminescentes (TLDs) nesse equipamento e em laboratório, levantando-se curvas de calibração dos TLDs contra a câmara 0,6-V para dois valores de tensão de pico (110 e 130 kV). Os resultados mostraram variações de até 15% nos valores de CTDI avaliados com câmaras de tipos diferentes. Para 110 e 130 kV, por outro lado, as curvas de dose-resposta TL apresentaram variações inferiores a 1%.
Imagens mamográficas digitais obtidas em sistemas CR: o efeito de kV e mAs no fator de correção da Curva Característica
Authors: Stemberg Débora Regina Malvesi , Pacheco Ana Luísa Vieira , Schiabel Homero
Published: March 2018

Entre os diversos fatores que contribuem para dificuldade na detecção e classificação das lesões mamárias em uma imagem mamográfica destaca-se o contraste apresentado pela imagem, que pode dificultar a visualização de estruturas, como por exemplo, os nódulos mamários, principalmente em mamas classificadas como densa. Neste sentido, possíveis alterações no contraste da imagem podem facilitar o diagnóstico da lesão em imagens mamográficas. Neste trabalho foi utilizado um fator de correção para imagens adquiridas em equipamento mamográfico com sistema CR através do ajuste da curva característica do sistema utilizando interpolação de pontos. Os resultados mostraram que quando este fator de correção é aplicado à imagem original ocorre um aumento do contraste da imagem corrigida em relação a imagem original.
Mapeamento de Intensidade da Pulsação Sanguínea por Vídeo
Authors: Borges Pedro , Cardoso George Cunha
Published: March 2018

Neste estudo medimos a frequência cardíaca de forma não invasiva, remota e passiva e determinamos um mapa da atividade de pulsação sanguínea numa região de interesse (ROI) da pele. A ROI utilizada foi o antebraço de um voluntário. O método utiliza uma câmera de vídeo comum e luz visível no processo de aquisição do vídeo com duração de menos de 1 minuto. A frequência cardíaca média encontrada teve erro em torno de 1 batimento por minuto (BPM) em relação a uma medida simultânea usando pletismografia de lóbulo de orelha. A partir dos sinais extraídos das imagens de vídeo, determinamos um mapa da intensidade da pulsação sanguínea na superfície da pele. Apresentamos detalhes experimentais e de processamento dos sinais, assim como limitações da técnica.
Semiquantification Study of [11C]-(R)-PK11195 PET Brain Images in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Narciso Lucas Diovani Lopes , Schuck Phelipi Nunes , Dartora Caroline Machado , Matushita Cristina Sebastião , Becker Jefferson , Marques da Silva Ana Maria
Published: March 2018

PET brain images with [11C]-(R)-PK11195 are being widely used to visualize microglial activation in vivo in neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study is to investigate the uptake behavior in juxtacortical and periventricular regions of [11C]-(R)-PK11195 PET brain images reformatted in different time intervals by applying three methods, seeking method and time interval that significantly differentiate MS patients from healthy controls. Semiquantitative SUV and SUVR methods were applied to PET images from different time intervals acquired from 10 patients with MS and 5 healthy controls. The results show significant difference between groups for SUV (p = 0.01) in 40 to 60 min interval, and SUVR with white matter as reference (p < 0.01) in 10 to 60 min interval, measured in the juxtacortical and periventricular regions.
Comparative study of different Al2O3: C dosimeters using OSL technique for dosimetry on Volumetric Modulates Arc Radiotherapy Treatment (VMAT)
Authors: Villani Daniel , Mancini Anselmo , Haddad Cecília Maria Kalil , Campos Letícia Lucente
Published: March 2018

Na radioterapia moderna, a técnica VMAT se tornou uma alternativa bem-sucedida de tratamento. Devido a sua complexidade, um programa de garantia de qualidade deve ser estabelecido, analisando, dentre outros, fatores dosimétricos. Este trabalho tem por objetivo comparar a performace entre os dosímetros OSL de óxido de alumínio (Al2O3:C) nanoDot™(Inlight™ system) fabricados pela Landauer Inc. e dosímetros de Al2O3:C TLD-500 fabricados pela Rexon™ para dosimetria VMAT utilizando um simulador antropomórfico. Os resultados mostraram que ambos os tipos de dosímetros de Al2O3:C apresentam boa repetibilidade e concordância entre as doses medidas e calculadas pelo sistema de planejamento. Entretanto a necessidade de uma leitora sofisticada para análise OSL dos TLD-500, torna essa pastilha menos prática para aplicação rotineira, comparando com o Inlight™ system.
Proposta de um modelo de braquiterapia de alta taxa de dose para estudos de radiobiologia in vitro
Authors: Geraldo Jony Marques , Trindade Cassia , Nogueira Luciana Batista , Andrade Lidia , Furtado Clascidia , Ladeira Luiz Orlando
Published: March 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver uma abordagem simples e reprodutível para experimentos de braquiterapia por HDR que permita estudos de irradiação in vitro com base em parâmetros clínicos. Uma plataforma de acrílico foi desenvolvida para manter frascos de cultura de células T25, placas de cultivo múltiplos poços e cateteres de braquiterapia numa posição fixa e rígida durante o processo de irradiação. Imagens tomográficas de todos os arranjos foram tomadas, para em seguida realizar um planejamento 3D com dose de 550cGy no plano das células tumorais aderentes. A fim de medir a dose recebida pelas células, uma dosimetria com filme radiocrômico foi realizada em todos os arranjos celulares. As incertezas relevantes foram levadas em conta. As células tumorais foram irradiadas duas vezes com um intervalo de 24 horas entre as irradiações. Prova da eficácia do modelo proposto foi obtida por análise de efeitos biológicos utilizando uma linhagem celular humana radiorresistente A431 de carcinoma epidermóide. A proliferação celular e a fase do ciclo celular foram avaliadas por ensaio de exclusão de azul de tripan e análise do conteúdo de DNA por citometria de fluxo, respectivamente. Verificou-se que a distribuição espacial de dose obtida é uniforme em todos os frascos e placas de cultura celular, mas há uma incerteza no valor desta dose. No que se refere aos ensaios in vitro, houve uma diminuição da taxa de proliferação celular das células irradiadas com significância estatística (p <0,05). Além disso, um aumento da percentagem de células presas na fase G2 / M (32,3 ± 1,5%) foi observado para o grupo tratado em comparação com células não tratadas.
Levantamento de Doses em Tomografia Computadorizada em Protocolos de Crânio e Tórax
Authors: Souza Giordana Salvi de , Froner Ana Paula Pastre , Marques da Silva Ana Maria
Published: March 2018

Pesquisas sobre estimativas de dose para diferentes modalidades de imagens médicas mostram variações significativas para o mesmo exame em distintas instituições de saúde ou para grupos de pacientes com características semelhantes. Para assegurar que as doses estão otimizadas, níveis de referência diagnóstica (NRD) devem ser determinados, possibilitando a identificação de procedimentos fora dos padrões ideais. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar um levantamento retrospectivo de indicadores de dose em exames de tomografia computadorizada de crânio e tórax, em termos de DLP (Dose-Length Product) e dose efetiva, para pacientes adultos e pediátricos, comparando-os com NRD encontrados na literatura. O estudo foi realizado com dados de 293 pacientes submetidos à tomografia computadorizada de crânio e 146 de tórax, divididos em faixas etárias (0┤1; 1┤5; 5┤10; 10┤15; >15). Para crânio, o terceiro quartil do DLP e doses efetivas são, em sua maioria, maiores do que os NRD da literatura, principalmente para crianças de 5 ┤10 anos (800 mGy.cm; 3,3 mSv) e 10┤15 anos (969 mGy.cm; 2,6 mSv). Para exames de tórax, apresar dos DLP serem próximos dos NRD, uma alta variabilidade é observada, e as doses efetivas são maiores para todas as idades. Conclui-se que o levantamento de indicadores de dose em exames de tomografia computadorizada e sua comparação com NRD constituem uma importante ferramenta para a otimização de doses em pacientes.
Aplicativo DosedPet para uso em Medicina Nuclear: Cálculo do volume de medicamento necessário para paciente de PET/CT.
Authors: Do Nascimento Pedro Augusto , Rodrigues Araken Dos Santos Werneck
Published: March 2018

Nesse trabalho, apresentamos o Aplicativo (APP) DosePet que tem por objetivo o cálculo do volume por meio da atividade das doses administradas a pacientes de PET/CT. O software foi projetado utilizando a ferramenta Web MIT App Inventor2 para plataforma Android. O aplicativo permite avaliar a quantidade de radiação ainda existente nas instalações após as aplicações, aumentando a segurança e diminuindo as exposições, além de possibilitar maior eficiência no aproveitamento do radiofármaco.
Analysis of IGF1 C472T and TG C422T polymorphisms in Turkish Grey Steppe and Holstein Crossbred Bulls
Authors: ARDİCLİ Sena
Published: March 2018

The aim of the study was to determine genotypic distribution of bovine
insulin-like growth factor 1 and thyroglobulin genes in Turkish Grey Steppe (Boz)
and Holstein crossbred bulls. In the study, unrelated 30 Turkish Grey and 26 Holstein
crossbred cattle were used. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood using
standart phenol-chloroform
extraction method. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism
technique was used for genotyping of C472T and C422T polymorphisms in insulin-like
growth factor 1 and thyroglobulin genes, respectively. Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium was calculated by using PopGene software program. In addition the
population indexes including heterozygosity, number of effective alleles and
polymorphism information content were determined on the basis of allelic
distribution. For insulin-like growth factor 1 gene, A allele frequency was
higher and BB genotype was not present in both breed groups. For thyroglobulin gene,
TT genotype was not present and moreover C allele was almost fixed in both
Turkish Grey and Holstein crossbred bulls. In addition, extremely low minor
allele frequencies in resulted in low genetic variabilities of population indexes.
The present results may be useful for future studies conducted on bovine genome
with respect to insulin-like growth factor 1 and thyroglobulin genes.
Porina flight activity and larval distribution in pastures on the West Coast of the South Island
Authors: Mansfield S. , Townsend R.J. , Ferguson C.M. , Richards N.K. , Marshall S.D.G.
Published: March 2018

Porina (Wiseana spp. Viette (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae)), regularly damage pastures on the South Island’s West Coast but local information useful for mitigation strategies is lacking. Flight activity of porina moths was monitored on 11 farms in the region using light traps over three summers from 2014—2017. Pastures on the same farms were sampled during winter (2015—17) to collect porina larvae. Porina moth flights typically began in October and continued through into March with peak flight activity from early December to mid-January. Wiseana copularis comprised >85% of moths captured. Wiseana umbraculata was caught regularly, representing about 10% of total catch. Observed flight patterns indicated that diflubenzuron for larval control should be applied from late February to early or mid-March for maximum impact on porina populations but exact timing should be driven by local not regional flights. Wiseana copularis was the most common species collected in pastures (265 of 267 larvae collected). One W. jocosa larva was found in 2015 and one W. umbraculata larva in 2016. No W. cervinata adults or larvae were identified. This suggests the species primarily responsible for damaging these pastures is W. copularis.
Winter fungicide sprays impact the dynamics of vineyard Botrytis populations
Authors: Johnston P.R. , Park D. , Wilkie W.P. , Williams A.F.R.
Published: March 2018

Botrytis populations in vineyards often show seasonal differences. Early season populations tend to be less pathogenic than those at harvest. This change probably reflects differences in competitive ability in winter versus summer conditions. Such a seasonal pattern was observed in a Waipara vineyard from 2008 to 2012. The population at owering was dominated by a Botrytis cinerea low pathogenicity haplotype; the population at harvest was dominated by a high pathogenicity haplotype. Since the 2013/2014 season, there has been a sudden change in this dynamic, with the high pathogenicity haplotype now dominant at both owering and harvest. This change in the seasonal dynamic was confirmed using microsatellite analysis. A possible explanation for the change in behaviour of the Botrytis populations was a change in management practice, with the addition over the past 2-3 seasons of a winter GelSeal spray for control of vascular pathogens. GelSeal is a trizole fungicide effective against Botrytis. The change to the vineyard spray programme may have disrupted the competitive advantage the low-pathogenicity population previously enjoyed over winter. The possible impact of this change on levels of disease will be discussed in relation to similar seasonal changes in European grape powdery mildew populations, where there is a strong relationship between early season populations and disease at harvest.
Where do spores go? Rain-splash patterns using surrogate dye.
Authors: Campbell R.E.
Published: March 2018

Microorganisms are incredibly difficult to trap, identify and enumerate efficiently and quickly. This makes it difficult to study incursions of new pathogens and the spread of existing ones effectively. Finding efficient ways of overcoming these difficulties is essential to guide monitoring protocols, control or mitigate spread, or find potential areas for eradication after incursions. We investigated the use of a fluorescent dye, PTSA (1,3,6,8-pyrenetetrasulfonic acid), to explore patterns of rain-splash dispersal of Neonectria ditissima spores. Spores mixed with PTSA dye were released in pear and apple trees within orchards and in an artificial setting using a marquee. Spores and dye were released from a central point source 2.5 m above ground and recaptured in a number of rain traps at ground level and within the tree canopy. It was often very difficult to detect low numbers of recaptured spores, with zero counts found at any distance from the release point. Data points were highly variable, as expected given the range of field conditions, but a clear relationship between dye and spores caught in rain traps under various scenarios was obtained. These results show the merit of PTSA tracer dye as a tool to quantify potential dispersal patterns of microorganisms in an actual landscape of interest with various rainfall scenarios.
Neonectria ditissima spore release and availability in New Zealand apple orchards
Authors: Amponsah N.T. , Walter M. , Scheper R.W.A. , Beresford R.M.
Published: March 2018

Conidia and ascospore release of Neonectria ditissima, the causal agent of European canker, was investigated using rainwater traps and VaselineÂ®-coated glass slides in the Tasman region, New Zealand. Trapping of spores was carried out from May 2013 to June 2015 in three separate apple orchard blocks planted with ‘Scifresh’/Jazzâ„¢, ‘Royal Gala’ and ‘Braeburn’, respectively. Conidia and ascospores were both produced at any time of the year when rainfall occurred. The numbers of both conidia and ascospores trapped peaked in April—May, but were produced throughout the year. There was a trend for lower spore numbers with increasing number of non-rainy days prior to rainy event 2mm, while more spores were trapped under frequent rainfall conditions. There was a significant correlation between mean conidia trapped and total monthly rainfall in all three orchards, but ascospore numbers were significantly correlated with rainfall on glass slides only in the ‘Braeburn’ orchard.
Cold hardiness and effect of winter chilling on mortality of passionvine hopper (Scolypopa australis) eggs
Authors: Logan D.P. , Rowe C.A. , Connolly P.G.
Published: March 2018

Passionvine hopper (PVH; Scolypopa australis) is a significant production pest of kiwifruit in New Zealand and an occasional pest of some other crops. It is also associated with toxic honey. Estimated losses of kiwifruit due to sooty mould associated with feeding by PVH varies from c. 0.5—3% of Class-1 fruit packed, depending on year. Mortality of overwintering eggs due to winter chill may contribute to this inter-annual variation. After cold-hardening under ambient winter conditions, eggs were exposed to six temperatures between -11˚C and 0˚C. The median minimum lethal temperatures for a 1-h exposure was -9.1˚C. Longer exposures (up to 24 h) did not strongly influence mortality at different sub-zero temperatures. Mortality of eggs held at a range of North Island sites was most strongly correlated with the sum of chilling hour degrees (CHD) below a threshold of 10˚C in August (r=0.89).
Winter cover crops to reduce herbicide inputs in maize crops
Authors: Trolove M.R. , James T.K. , Holmes A.W. , Parker M.D. , McDougall S.J. , Pirie M.R.
Published: March 2018

Winter cover crops potentially have a number of positive production and environmental benefits on subsequent maize (Zea mays) crops. A field study was undertaken in 2016/17 to evaluate the effects of winter cover crop residues on the emergence and growth of weeds, required herbicide inputs, and yields of maize in comparison to a winter fallow. Weed ground cover at maize canopy closure was 81—85% less than the winter fallow in plots with ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), oats (Avena sativa) and gland clover (Trifolium glanduliferum) residues and 57% less in faba bean (Vicia faba). Ryegrass and oats residues maintained ground coverage of >70%, while clover had only 6% at canopy closure, but suppressed weeds similarly. In the absence of herbicides maize silage yields in plots with cover crop residues were similar to those in herbicide treatments, although maize establishment and growth was slower in oats and ryegrass.
Influence of glyphosate herbicide treatment of couch grass on take-all caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici with the addition of soil-borne microorganisms
Authors: Van Toor R.F. , Chng S.F. , Warren R.M. , Butler R.C.
Published: March 2018

Couch grass rhizomes harbour Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt), which causes take-all of wheat. Glyphosate used after cereal harvest to control couch can increase take- all in subsequent wheat crops. Following glyphosate treatment, the colonisation of senescing couch rhizomes by Ggt when treated with the endophytic fungus Microdochium bolleyi, and the spread of Ggt from senescing couch rhizomes to wheat when treated with the rhizobacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, were investigated in two separate experiments. In Experiment 1, glyphosate increased Ggt inoculum in couch, irrespective of whether M. bolleyi was added to the potting medium. In Experiment 2, take-all severity and Ggt DNA concentration in roots of the accompanying wheat plants tended to decrease with glyphosate treatment of couch and increase only when P. fluorescens was added. Soil-borne microflora in fields containing glyphosate-sprayed couch may affect expression of take-all in subsequent wheat.