bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Fast Dissolving Oral Films Containing Vitamin B6 for Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy (NVP)
Authors: BEYATRICKS JESINDHA , Dhananjaya ,
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate the oral fast-dissolving film of Vitamin B6 for the effective management of motion sickness and vomiting during pregnancy. Fast-dissolving films were prepared by the solvent-casting method using different polymers, HPMC-15 and Pullulan, along with Propylene glycol as a plasticizer. The Fourier-transform infrared study for the drug-polymer interaction was carried out. Evaluation of physical parameters such as physical appearance, surface texture, uniformity of weight, uniformity of strip thickness, surface pH, folding endurance, uniformity of drug content and percentage of moisture absorption were performed. Kinetic data analysis for the release study and the stability study were also performed. Results of uniformity of weight, thickness, folding endurance, surface pH, percentage drug content, tensile strength and percentage elongation of all the films were found to be satisfactory. The Fourier-transform infrared study indicated that there was no interaction between the drug and the polymers. The in-vitro drug release study showed that a better rate of drug release was achieved by formulations F4 and F8 compared with other formulations. The stability study did not show any significant difference in the external appearance, the drug content and the in-vitro drug release. In conclusion present study suggested that fast dissolving films has a better ability to cross the sublingual barrier at a faster rate, and hence the delivery system was found to be promising as it has the potential of overcoming the drawbacks associated with tablet formulations available in the market presently.

Keywords: Fast-dissolving film, Vitamin B6, HPMC-15, Pullulan gum, Mango peel pectin, Crospovidone, solvent casting
EFFECT OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM ON GLYCOGEN CONTENT OF ZEBRA FISH DANIO RERIO
Authors: Singh Pooja , Pathak Alaknanda , Dixit Lovely , ZAHRA KANEEZ , Yadav Surabhi
Published: December 2019

Number of pharmaceuticals are commonly used now-a-days for the treatment of various ailments. Among them, Diclofenac sodium is used to relief pain and joint stiffness but the residual part of it exerts various side effects. It has been shown that the residue of diclofenac reaches in considerably high amounts in aquatic environment which causes toxicity to aquatic animals especially in fishes. Therefore, the aim of this experimental work is to observe the effect of diclofenac sodium in the glycogen content of zebra fish in three different tissues i.e. liver, gills and muscles. LC50 at 24 hours exposure of diclofenac sodium estimated by direct interpolation method was found to be 26.25mg/l. To observe the effect of diclofenac sodium on glycogen content, the fishes were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 served as untreated control. Group 2 was treated with 24hrs LC50 of diclofenac. Group 3 & 4 received 1/5th conc. of 24hrs LC50 for 7 and 15 days respectively. Fishes were sacrificed after lethal and sub lethal exposure. Liver, gills and muscles were separately analysed to study the glycogen content by Anthrone reagent test. It was observed that glycogen content drastically decreased within 24 hours of diclofenac treatment & then gradually increased in 7 & 15 days treatment. Thus, this study indicates that level of glycogen can greatly be altered in response to the toxic effects caused by diclofenac in zebra fish.
KEY WORDS: Diclofenac, Zebra fish, glycogen, LC50.
Un estudio de las políticas sociales sobre PVVS (personas viviendo con VIH-Sida) en la ciudad de Río Gallegos Provincia de Santa Cruz (2015 - 2017)
Authors: Ramírez Sergio Daniel , Escobar Raquel , Bustamante Herna , Pérez Iris , Mocca Javier , Zubimendi Edurne , Guaquel Alicia , Martínez Maira , Delgado Cristina
Published: December 2019

El estado argentino, garantiza desde la Ley Nacional de Sida 23.798, su decreto reglamentario 1244/91 y mediante el Programa Nacional de Lucha contra los Retrovirus Humanos SIDA (LUSIDA) el suministro gratuito de la medicación antiretroviral (ARV) y el tratamiento integral para las personas viviendo con VIH SIDA (PVVS). En este contexto interesa analizar su implementación en relación a las personas conviviendo con VIH-SIDA y el modo en el cual se aborda esta problemáticas en la ciudad de Río Gallegos y describir la relación de las políticas públicas sociales en los distintos niveles municipal, provincial y ONG vinculadas  a la atención, tratamiento y prevención.

Para esto se lleva a cabo una investigación de estudio descriptivo mediante la utilización de encuestas y entrevistas a las personas responsables de su implementación y entrevistas a personas conviviendo con el virus, consultas de documentos, investigaciones sobre el tema,  datos estadísticos y encuestas a ONGs de la localidad. De esta indagación surge que el programa se implementa según las condiciones de atención médica y suministro de medicamentos. Aún resta que la difusión del tema para el cuidado sea una prioridad hacia la comunidad en general y para sectores de las organizaciones de la sociedad. Este escrito da cuenta de este proceso con los resultados alcanzados y los obstáculos que se presentan para cumplir con los objetivos propuestos.
Improving geodetic support in construction taking into account zones of tectonic disturbances and application of topocentric coordinates
Authors: Mustafin M.G. , Tran Thanh Son , Tran Manh Hung
Published: December 2019

During the construction and operation of buildings and structures, it is extremely important to ensure the accuracy of their geometrical parameters in nature. At the same time, accuracy requirements are constantly increasing. At the same time, studying such issues as consideration of geological factors, for example, consideration of the structural features of the buildings and structures foundations has remained virtually in the same state for decades. In the guidelines for observing the deformations of the basements and foundations of buildings and structures the earth’s surface is taken as homogeneous array, and it is recommended when observing deformations, to carry out laying initial benchmarks for industrial and civil objects at a distance of 50–100 m. A number of studies show that a homogeneous array should be considered as a special case. In fact, in the construction of various objects, heterogeneity of the soil massif in the form of stratification, as well as the presence of zones of tectonic disturbances are often encountered. The latter, in the form of faults and geopathic zones, are already taken into account in urban planning activities, medicine, and other areas. Without taking them into account, the creation of a geodetic center base during construction can lead to significant errors, due to the uneven deformation of the structure near fault zones. There is a need to assess the impact of these zones during construction and their consideration when creating a geodetic center base. Here it is necessary to emphasize the fact that ensuring the removal of the structure’s geometrical parameters into nature is the task of the geodetic service in any circumstances. The next important point in construction is to minimize the error of projecting geocentric coordinates onto a plane. This is especially true when using satellite coordinates. In the traditional approach, the coordinate basis for construction is normatively oriented to the use of the Gauss-Kruger projection. With extended objects in the latitudinal direction and remoteness from the axial meridian of the six-degree zone, the use of this projection causes transformation errors. When creating a geodesic framework according to satellite coordinates determinations, it is highly advisable to use local to-center topocentric flat surfaces, which allow a significant reduction in the distortion of the transformation. The authors discuss the solution of identified issues and provide specific examples.
On choosing the laser tracker stations location for installation of technological equipment
Authors: Serdakov L.E. , Murzincev P.P. , Burenkov D.B. , Polianskiy А.V.
Published: December 2019

A review article on the alignment of technological equipment located on a closed ring path (for example cyclic accelerators). Such geodesic works are very difficult, since the tolerance for alignment in the radial and altitude directions is 0,05 mm. The main survey instrument in such works is a laser tracker. The positions of the laser tracker stations were studied during equipment alignment, taking into account the effect of errors in the transverse directions. The values of the mean square errors for the distances and angles of the API trackers are used. Calculations are made for distances from 0,5 to 10 meters usual for production of precision measurements. The cases of installation of a laser tracker outside and inside the project radius are considered. The results of error calculations when changing the vertical angle of the laser tracker are also presented. The obtained results enable determining the 3D zones for the alignment process equipment, which will improve the efficiency of geodetic works.
Mapping the volcanic and postvolcanic activity and its revealing on thermal infrared satellite images of high spatial resolution
Authors: Grischchenko M.Yu. , Ustyukhina A.V.
Published: December 2019

The article deals with revealing the volcanic and postvolcanic activity on the thermal infrared images of high spatial resolution (ASTER, TM, ETM +, TIRS) and mapping based on the results of their interpretation. Active volcanoes of the temperate and subpolar zones of the Northern Hemisphere are considered
Yeni Bir Maya ile Cystoseira barbata (Stackhouse) C. Agardh, 1820 Taksonundan Biyoetanol Üretimi
Authors: Çağman Aylin , Erduğan Hüseyin
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışmada Çanakkale Boğazı kıyılarından
toplanan kahverengi alglere ait Cystoseira
barbata taksonu kullanılarak
biyoetanol eldesi araştırılmıştır. İlkin bu taksondan elde edilen sodyum
alginat kullanılmış, sonrasında ise tallusun kendisi öğütülerek kullanılmıştır.
Maya olarak maya 1, maya 2 ve ticari maya suşları kullanılmıştır. Yapılan
ölçümler sonucunda üç maya örneği de C.
barbata taksonunu karbonhidrat
kaynağı olarak kullanmıştır. Fakat kullanma sürelerinde farklılık gözlenmiştir.
Alg örneğini en uzun süre de kullanan maya, maya1 olarak adlandırılan mayadır.
Maya 2 olarak adlandırılan mayanın ise üçüncü günde 10000 ppm seviyesine
ulaştığı belirlenmiştir. Yapılan çalışmada kullanılan mayalar içinde en verimli
ve en kısa sürede etki gösteren maya 2 olarak isimlendirilen mayanın olduğu
tespit edilmiştir.
Investigation on separation performance of vane-type gas-liquid tube separator
Authors: Niu Jun , Liu Shuo , Xu Jing-Yu
Published: December 2019

In this work, gas phase distribution characteristic and separation performance of a new vane-type gas-liquid separator were carefully investigated using electrical resistance tomography and numerical simulation. The diameter of the separator was 100 mm and the flow rate ranges from 12.0 to 23.0 m3/h. The gas flow rate ranges from 1.2 to 4.0 m3/h. In the experiment, electrical resistance tomography was applied to test section void fraction distribution. Coriolis mass flow meter was applied to obtain separation efficiency by testing separator exits mixture density. In the numerical simulation, full Eulerian multiphase model, together with RNG k-? turbulent model and dispersed phase zero equation models were applied. Results show that the vane-type gas-liquid separator's performance is influenced by gas core size. The separator performs well in all the cases, considering separation efficiency is over 85%, and achieves nearly 100% through adjustment of split ratio. All these findings are beneficial for vane-type gas-liquid separator design and optimization.
Pseudo-zwitterionic microvesicles for sustained urea release
Authors: Bibi Iram , Kousar Tasleem , Shah Syed , Rehman Wajid , Ali Farman
Published: December 2019

Zwitterionic microvesicles formed by catanionic system, based on sodium dodecyl sulfate and hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, have been investigated for sustained urea release using UV?visible absorption spectroscopy. The change in variables such as temperature, sonication time and initial urea concentration was related to urea entrapment efficiency and release from microvesicles. Korsmeyer?Peppas model was applied to highlight release mechanism and kinetics. Both diffusion and erosion were responsible for urea release and rate constant varied with change in conditions. The quantification of association between urea and catanionic vesicles in terms of binding constant (Kbin) and binding free energy showed that urea binding was thermodynamically favored. Our results indicate that biocompatible pseudo-zwitterionic vesicles have enormous potential to act as sustained release system for nitrogenous fertilizers such as urea.
How do Risk-Based Inspections Impact Auditor Behavior? Experimental Evidence on the PCAOB's Process
Authors: Bhaskar Lori Shefchik
Published: December 2019

I provide theory-based causal evidence on the effects of risk-based regulatory inspections, modeled after the PCAOB's, on auditor behavior in a multi-client setting where clients with relatively higher misstatement risk (“higher-risk” clients) have a higher risk of being inspected than clients with relatively lower misstatement risk (“lower-risk” clients). I predict and find that inspections increase auditor effort, but only for higher-risk clients. Inspections also impair auditors' decision performance for lower-risk clients relative to a regime without inspections and relative to higher-risk clients within an inspections regime, ceteris paribus. Theory-based process model results show that inspections increase auditors' perceived inspection risks, which increase auditor effort for higher-risk clients, but also increase auditors' task-related anxiety, resulting in decreased decision performance for lower-risk clients. Notwithstanding the previously identified benefits, this study identifies potential unintended consequences of risk-based regulatory inspections.
Evidence of Tissue Repair in Human Donor Pancreas After Prolonged Duration of Stay in Intensive Care
Authors: Smeets Silke , Stangé Geert , Leuckx Gunter , Roelants Lisbeth , Cools Wilfried , De Paep Diedert Luc , Ling Zhidong , De Leu Nico , in’t Veld Peter
Published: December 2019

M2 macrophages play an important role in tissue repair and regeneration. They have also been found to modulate β-cell replication in mouse models of pancreatic injury and disease. We previously reported that β-cell replication is strongly increased in a subgroup of human organ donors characterized by prolonged duration of stay in an intensive care unit (ICU) and increased number of leukocytes in the pancreatic tissue. In the present study we investigated the relationship between duration of stay in the ICU, M2 macrophages, vascularization, and pancreatic cell replication. Pancreatic organs from 50 donors without diabetes with different durations of stay in the ICU were analyzed by immunostaining and digital image analysis. The number of CD68+CD206+ M2 macrophages increased three- to sixfold from ≥6 days’ duration of stay in the ICU onwards. This was accompanied by a threefold increased vascular density and a four- to ninefold increase in pancreatic cells positive for the replication marker Ki67. A strong correlation was observed between the number of M2 macrophages and β-cell replication. These results show that a prolonged duration of stay in the ICU is associated with an increased M2 macrophage number, increased vascular density, and an overall increase in replication of all pancreatic cell types. Our data show evidence of marked levels of tissue repair in the human donor pancreas.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA INTENSITAS PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL DENGAN KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL SISWA SMAN 1 DEPOK SLEMAN D.I YOGYAKARTA
Authors: RISTIANA UMU NISA
Published: December 2019

Abstract: This study aims to determine the relationship between intensity of using social media with interpersonal communication. The initial hypothesis of this study is that there is a positive significant relationship between the intensity of using social media with interpersonal communication. The population in this study amounted to 474 students. The sample selection using stratified random sampling with proportional allocation method and the result of class X 33 students, class XI 33 students and class XII 34 students. Data collection use scale, interview, and documentation. Method of data analysis using prerequisite analysis test (normality test and linierity test) and hypothesis test using pearson’s product moment correlation. Based on the results obtained statistical calculation of corrrelation coefficient (rxy) = 0.057 with p = 0.574 ( p> 0.05), the concluded of this study there is no relationship positive significant between the intensity of using social media with interpersonal communication of students SMAN 1 Depok Sleman D.I Yogyakarta.Keyword: Interpersonal Communication, Intensity Of Using Social MediaAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara intensitas penggunaan media sosial dengan komunikasi interpersonal. Hipotesis awal penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara intensitas penggunaan media sosial dengan komunikasi interpersonal. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 474 siswa. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan teknik Stratified Random Sampling metode alokasi proporsional dengan hasil kelas X 33 siswa, kelas XI 33 siswa dan kelas XII 34 siswa. Alat pengumpulan data menggunakan skala, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Metode analisis data menggunakan pengujian prasyarat analisis (uji normalitas dan uji linieritas) dan uji hipotesis menggunakan Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan statistik didapatkan perolehan koefisien korelasi (rxy) = 0.057 dengan p = 0.574 ( p > 0.05 ), artinya tidak ada hubungan positif signifikan antara intensitas penggunaan media sosial dengan komunikasi interpersonal siswa SMAN 1 Depok Sleman D.I Yogyakarta.
Affective Patterns Related to Unemployment
Authors: Steel Tytti , Rinne Jenni
Published: December 2019

This study explores the affects and emotions linked to unemployment. It is based on 30 interviews of jobseekers aged 50+ in South-eastern Finland. The area in which the jobseekers live has had relatively high unemployment rates and the study participants have also experienced age discrimination, which makes their situation especially difficult. The article analyses the affective ex- periences of being unemployed and looking for a job.
Firstly, we found that the affective pattern of losing one’s job consisted of a sense of shock and shame influenced by the societal image of the unem- ployed. Secondly, we found that applying for jobs and not being successful was a highly shameful and humiliating experience. This can be interpreted as an affective pattern arising from not living up to the social ideal of a successful person being someone with a job, and simultaneously constantly experiencing rejection by employers. Further, we found that the interviewees felt powerless when dealing with TE services (employment services), as these have become increasingly digitalised and depersonalised, and are perceived as conducting some age discrimination practices.
Kışlık Buğdaylarda Kök ve Kökboğazı Çürüklüğüne Sebep Olan Fusarium spp. İzolatları Arasındaki Genetik Varyasyonun Retrotranzpozon Temelli iPBS Markörleri ile İncelenmesi
Authors: ALKAN Mehtap , GÖRE Mehmet Erhan , BAYRAKTAR Harun , ÖZER Göksel
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışmada,
kışlık buğdaylarda kök ve kökboğazı çürüklüğüne sebep olan farklı Fusarium türlerine ait izolatlar arasındaki genetik çeşitlik,
retrotranspozon temelli olan primerler arası bağlanma bölgesi (iPBS) markörleri
kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında Türkiye ve
Azerbaycan buğday yetiştirme alanlarından 32 Fusarium türü izolat elde
edilmiştir.  İzolatlar arasında en yaygın
bulunan tür 23 izolat ile F. culmorum
olarak belirlenmiş, bunu beş izolat ile F.
pseudograminearum ve dört izolat ile F.
graminearum takip etmiştir. Yedi iPBS retrotranspozon markörü izolatlar için
99 adeti polimorfik (%86.8) olmak üzere 114 bant üretmiş, primer başına
ortalama 14.14 polimorfik bant elde edilmiştir. Markörlerin polimorfik bilgi
içeriği (PIC) ortalama 0.17 olup, bu değer 0.10 ile 0.29 arasında değişmiştir. iPBS
markörleri ile elde edilen verilere dayalı ağırlıklı olmayan aritmetik ortalama
eş grup metodu (UPGMA) küme analizlerinin sonrasında elde edilen dendrogramda,
izolatlar tür seviyesinde ile üç gruba ayrılmıştır. Ayrıca grup içerisinde yer
alan izolatlar ise orijini olan ülkeye göre dağılım sergilemiştir. Popülasyon
yapısı, Bayesian modellemesine dayanılarak hesaplanmış ve sonuçlar
dendrogramdaki izolatların kümelenmesini destekleyecek şekilde üç popülasyona
ayrılmış (K = 3) ve Ln olasılığının
en yüksek ortalama değeri (-476.0) eşlik etmiştir. iPBS markörlerinin
kullanılması, türler arası seviyede oldukça yüksek düzeyde polimorfizm üretmiş
olup türlerin birbirinden ayrılmasını sağlamıştır. Çalışma, buğdaydan elde
edilmiş Fusarium spp. izolatlarının
genetik çeşitliliğini ve popülasyon yapısını iPBS markörleri analizi ile ortaya
koyan ilk çalışma olma özelliği taşımaktadır.
Farklı Uygulamaların Black Diamond Erik Çeşidinde Soğukta Depolama Boyunca Üşüme Zararı, İç Kararması ve Çürüme Oranı Üzerine Etkilerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ERBAŞ Derya , KOYUNCU Mehmet Ali
Published: December 2019

Çalışmada, Black Diamond erik çeşidinde derim
sonrası farklı uygulamaların depolama boyunca üşüme zararı üzerine etkilerinin
belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaçla optimum derim tarihinde toplanan
erikler, derimden hemen sonra salisilik asit (1.5 mM, 10 dk daldırma), putresin
(2 mM, 6 dk daldırma), oksalik asit (5 mM, 3 dk daldırma) ve nitrik oksit (1
mM, 3 dk daldırma) içeren çözeltilere daldırılmıştır. Fazla suyun
uzaklaştırılması için uygulamalardan sonra meyveler 30 dk oda koşullarında
(21°C, %50-60 oransal nem) bekletilmiş ve suyu uzaklaştırılan meyveler hava ile
ön soğutma (1°C) işlemine tabi tutulmuştur. Ön soğutma işleminden sonra erikler
modifiye atmosfer poşetlerine yerleştirilmiş ve 0±0.5 °C ve %90 oransal nem
koşullarında 100 gün süreyle depolanmıştır. Depolama süresince üşüme zararı
indeksi, iç kararması ve çürüme oranı ile üşüme zararıyla ilintili olarak
değişen meyve et rengi ve kabuk rengi incelenmiştir. Raf ömrü çalışmaları (5
gün, 20±1 °C ve % 60±5) için aynı analizler tekrarlanmıştır. Çalışmada üşüme
zararı ile iç kararması bulguları paralellik göstermiştir. Genellikle
muhafazanın son iki döneminde (40 gün) çürümeler artmış ve depolama sonunda
%8.12 (SA) ile %11.37 (K) arasında değişmiştir. Depolama boyunca üşüme
zararının, iç kararmasının ve çürüme oranının geciktirilmesinde en etkili
uygulamanın SA olduğu saptanmıştır.
Türkiye Kökenli Diploid ve Tetraploid Kavuzlu Buğday Hatlarının Bazı Agro-morfolojik Özellikler Bakımından Tanımlanması
Authors: COŞKUN İlknur , TEKİN Mehmet , AKAR Taner
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışma ile Türkiye’nin 3
farklı ilinden (Konya, Kayseri ve Kastamonu) toplanmış popülasyonlardan 6 yıl
boyunca seçilen toplam 36 siyez (Triticum
monoccocum L.) ve 49 gernik buğday (Triticum
dicoccum L.) hattının morfolojik ve tarımsal özellikler bakımından
tanımlanması amaçlanmıştır. Toplam 85 kavuzlu buğday hattı, morfolojik ve tarımsal
özellikler yönüyle değerlendirilmek üzere 1 metre uzunluğunda ikişerli sıralar
halinde sıra arası 30 cm olacak şekilde Akdeniz Üniversitesi Yerleşkesi’nde
yetiştirilmiştir.  Morfolojik özellik olarak
büyüme şekli (habitusu), başak sıklığı, kavuz rengi, dane rengi, dane büyüklüğü
ve danede camsılık oranı incelenmiştir. Tarımsal özellikler bakımından bitki
boyu (cm), başak boyu (cm), başakta dane sayısı (adet), başaklanma gün sayısı
(gün), m2’deki başak sayısı (adet), dane verimi (g m-2),
biyolojik verim (g m-2), hasat indeksi (%) ve bin dane ağırlığı (g)
incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda türler arasında ve içerisinde özellikle tarımsal
özellikler önemli seviyede varyasyon gözlenmiştir. Siyez hatlarının ortalama olarak
bitki boyu, başak boyu, m2’deki başak sayısı, dane verimi ve bin
dane ağırlığı sırasıyla 107.9 cm, 4.9 cm, 751.4 adet m-2, 311.7 g m-2
ve 21.6 g bulunmuştur. Gernik hatlarının ortalama bitki boyu, başak boyu,
m2’deki başak sayısı, dane verimi ve bin dane ağırlığı sırasıyla 101.7 cm, 5.9
cm, 548.9 adet m-2, 368.1 g m-2 ve 35.9 g olarak
saptanmıştır. Elde edilen morfolojik ve tarımsal özellikler araştırmada
kullanılan kavuzlu buğday hatlarının ıslah çalışmalarına katkı sağlayabilecek
genetik varyasyona sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.
İtalyan Çimi (Lolium multiflorum L.) Çeşitlerine Ait Tohumların Bazı Fiziksel Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: DUMANOĞLU Zeynep , ÖZKAN Şükrü Sezgi , DEMİROĞLU TOPÇU Gülcan
Published: December 2019

Son yıllarda
üreticilerin çim ve yem bitkilerine olan ilgisinin artması nedeniyle, bu
bitkiler ile ilgili çalışmalar da artış göstermiştir. Bu bitkilerinin pek çok
özelliği incelenmesine rağmen, bitkilerin tohumlarına ait fiziksel
özellikleriyle ilgili yeterli araştırma bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışma, 2016-2017
yılları arasında yürütülmüştür. Bitkisel materyal olarak; yem bitkileri tohumluğu ticareti yapan kuruluşlardan 6 farklı İtalyan çimi (Lolium multiflorum L.) bitki çeşidi
(Caramba, Efe-82, Pollanum, Rambo, Trinova ve Vespolini) temin edilmiş ve kullanılmıştır. Bu tohumlara ait bazı
fiziksel (şekil-boyut, yüzey alanı, ortalama geometrik çap, ortalama aritmetik
çap, küresellik ve bin dane ağırlığı) özellikler incelenmiştir. Elde edilen
verilere göre; tohumların yüzey alanı değerlerinin 1.65 mm2 ve 2.38
mm2; ortalama geometrik çap değerlerinin 3.45 mm ve 5.47 mm;
ortalama aritmetik çap değerlerinin 1.84 mm ve 2.14 mm; küresellik değerlerinin
1.14 mm ve 1.55 mm ve bin dane ağırlığı değerlerinin 1.92 g ve 5.06 g arasında
değiştiği saptanmıştır. Ayrıca TOTEMSTAT programı kullanılarak korelasyon
analizi yapılmış, çıkan sonuçlara göre incelenen özellikler arasında olumlu ve
önemli ilişkiler bulunduğu belirlenmiştir.
Evaluation of species identification and rabies virus characterization among bat rabies cases in the United States
Authors: Pieracci Emily G. , Brown Jennifer A. , Bergman David L. , Gilbert Amy , Wallace Ryan M. , Blanton Jesse D. , Velasco-Villa Andres , Morgan Clint N. , Lindquist Scott , Chipman Richard B.
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate species identification and rabies virus (RABV) characterization among samples from bats submitted for rabies testing in the United States and assess whether a standardized approach to specimen selection for RABV characterization could enhance detection of a sentinel event in virus dissemination among bats.

SAMPLE

United States public health rabies surveillance system data collected in January 2010 through December 2015.

PROCEDURES

The number of rabies-tested bats for which species was reported and the number of RABV-positive samples for which virus characterization would likely provide information regarding introduction of novel RABV variants and translocation and host-shift events were calculated. These specimens were designated as specimens of epizootiological importance (SEIs). Additionally, the estimated test load that public health laboratories could expect if all SEIs underwent RABV characterization was determined.

RESULTS

Species was reported for 74,928 of 160,017 (47%) bats submitted for rabies testing. Identified SEIs were grouped in 3 subcategories, namely nonindigenous bats; bats in southern border states, Florida, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands; and bats of species that are not commonly found to be inflected with RABV. Annually, 692 (95% CI, 600 to 784) SEIs were identified, of which only 295 (95% CI, 148 to 442) underwent virus characterization. Virus characterization of all SEIs would be expected to increase public health laboratories’ overall test load by 397 (95% CI, 287 to 506) samples each year.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Species identification and RABV characterization may aid detection of a sentinel event in bat RABV dissemination. With additional resources, RABV characterization of all SEIs as a standardized approach to testing could contribute to knowledge of circulating bat RABV variants.
Skolan som antirasistiskt rum?
Authors: Rosales René León , Jonsson Rickard
Published: December 2019

Education and knowledge production have often been portrayed as the worst enemies of racism and xenophobia. However, such claims can be misused to create a narrative of modern educational institutions being “free” from racism and, in worst case scenarios, contribute to hiding the ongoing discriminatory practices in schools. This paper provides a review of Swedish research on migration, ethnicity and racism in schools and introduces the key topics in this special issue of Educare. We explore examples of colour blindness in Swedish classrooms and experiences of meeting racism in school. Further, we investigate how racism and discrimination can be expressed in a school's everyday life without anyone necessarily having malicious intentions. With this, we contribute to understanding that various exclusionary practices based on ethnicity and race can occur even in school settings that promote diversity and anti-racism.
Regisserat motstånd
Authors: Eriksson Maria
Published: December 2019

The following paper discusses a paradox in Swedish schools: while a norm critical perspective more commonly is implemented in school settings by a growing number of teachers, many classrooms remain color mute. However, the active effort to keep the race issue silenced confirms its very importance (Castagno 2008). Based on ethnographic fieldwork at an upper secondary school with a national Visual Arts program, I video recorded a group of pupils working with an art film assignment. The theme for the task was “power and resistance”, and the pupils selected a non-white, feminine body in order to represent the position of the subordinate. I examine how femininity and sexuality are performed and encouraged to be negotiated and problematized in formal education, how inequalities are both reproduced and challenged. Challenged in the informal settings, when the pupils play around in pauses, imitating vampires or Uma Thurman in Kill Bill. Reproduced in formal settings when teachers interact - or when the camera is recording. But at the same time as the pupils perform these subject positions there is something more going on; a hint of something unspoken that participants still assign significance. There seems to be aspects of the visualization of bodies that may not be articulated in words, but still is employed as a resource when pupils uses their own bodies and appearance to create an aesthetic utterance about subordination. Thus, I analyze how gender, sexuality and race interact as discursive and aesthetic practices, in some young people's visual arts assignment. Key words: aesthetics, art education, femininity, race, subjectivity
Samsun, Çarşamba İlçesindeki Örtüaltı Yapılarının Mevcut Durumu ve Geliştirme Olanakları
Authors: Atay Emin , Karaman Sedat
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışmada Samsun ili örtüaltı potansiyelinin %87,18‘ini oluşturan Çarşamba ilçesindeki işletmelerin ve üretim sistemlerinin yapısal ve çevre koşulları yönünden mevcut durumları ve sorunlarının literatür bilgileri altında incelenerek çözümüne yönelik önerilerin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. İşletmelerin genel özellikleri ile üretim yapılarının yapısal özellikleri yetiştiricilik tekniği, teknoloji kullanımı, çevre koşullarının yeterliliği yapılan anket, ölçüm, kroki, gözlem ve fotoğraflarla belirlenerek değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre aile tipi işletmelerin oluşturduğu örtüaltı yapılarının tamamı üretim amaçlı tekli sistem (bireysel) olarak inşa edilmiştir. İşletme sahiplerinin eğitim düzeyleri düşük olup örtüaltı üretimi ekonomik açıdan önemli yer oluşturmaktadır. Örtüaltı yapılarının çoğunda maddi olanaksızlıklar ve plansız yapılan üretim faaliyetleri nedeniyle teknolojiden yeterli ölçüde yararlanılamadığı, bitkilerin gereksinim duyduğu çevre koşullarının denetiminde önemli rol oynayan havalandırma, ısıtma ve soğutma sistemlerin yetersiz olduğu ve planlamada gerekli ilkelerin yeterince göz önüne alınamadığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuçta araştırma konusuyla ilgili sorunlar hakkında bilgi edinilmiş, örtüaltı yapılarının yapısal ve çevre koşulları yönünden gereksinimleri belirlenerek üreticilere önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Weed Flora of Cherry, Walnut, Apple, Almond and Pear Orchards in Northwestern Marmara Region of Turkey
Authors: Şin Bahadır , Öztürk Lerzan , Sivri Nur , Avcı Gürkan Güvenç , Kadıoğlu İzzet
Published: December 2019

A study covering cherry, walnut, apple, almond and pear orchards in Edirne, Kırklareli and Tekirdağ provinces was carried out in 2015-2018 with the aim of determination of weed flora, weed frequencies and densities. Total of 64 species belonging to 30 families were identified in fruit tree orchards. Among all the families the most members were in Asteraceae 13 species, Poaceae, 11 species, Brassicaceae 5 species and Lamiaceae 3 species families. The dominant weed species were Amaranthus retroflexus L., Polygonum aviculare L., Capsella-bursa pastoris L. (Medik)., Concolvulus arvensis L., Lepidium draba L., Raphanus raphanistrum L., Chenopodium album L., Cichorium intybus L. in Tekirdağ while Datura stramonium L. distribution in Edirne Uzunköprü and Kırklareli was remarkably high. Semi parazitic weed Viscum album and full parasite Cuscuta campestris Yunck were also detected in some orchards. V. album was widespread among pear trees while Cuscuta campestris Yunck was detected only in suckers emerged in apple and cherry orchards. According to density A. retroflexus has received the first order with 76 plant/m2, following C. album with 54 plant/m2, Lactuca serriola with 27 plant/m2, D. stramonium L. with 24 plant/m2, Portulaca oleracea with 21 plant/m2
Tilia tomentosa‘da Bazı Ağır Metal Konsantrasyonlarının Organ ve Trafik Yoğunluğuna Bağlı Değişimi
Authors: Abacioglu Ezgi , Akarsu Hatice , Özer Genç Çiğdem , Öztürk Ayşe
Published: December 2019

Kirlilik seviyesi, özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde hızlı kentleşme ve enerji tüketiminin artmasıyla birlikte insan sağlığını tehdit eden boyutlara ulaşmıştır. Dünyada her yıl milyonlarca insan hava kirliliği nedeniyle hayatını kaybetmektedir. Ağır metaller, özellikle insan sağlığı açısından kirleticiler arasında ayrı bir öneme sahiptir çünkü, doğada uzun süre bozulmadan kalabilirler, biyolojik olarak birikme eğilimindedirler ve bazıları düşük konsantrasyonlarda bile toksik veya kanserojendir. Bu nedenle, ağır metal kirliliğinin izlenmesi ve riskli alanların belirlenmesi çok önemlidir. Biyomonitörler, ağır metal kirliliğini izlemek için en yaygın kullanılan yöntemdir. Ancak, izlemenin güvenilir olmasını sağlamak için metali izlemek için hangi tür ve organın daha uygun olduğunu belirlemek gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Tilia tomentosa'nın yaprak, tohum ve dallarındaki Ba, Na, Al, B, Ca, Fe, K, Mg ve Mn elementlerinin konsantrasyonlarının trafiğin olmadığı, az yoğun olduğu ve yoğun olduğu alanlardaki değişimlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda yaprak ve tohumlarda Fe dışındaki ağır metallerin konsantrasyonlarının trafik yoğunluğuna bağlı olarak arttığı belirlenmiştir. Bu durum, trafiğin yoğun olduğu bölgelerde yetişen ıhlamur bireylerinin özellikle yaprak ve tohumları çay olarak tüketildiğinden dolayı, insan sağlığı açısından önemli sorunlara yol açabilir.
El poder de las palabras y las palabras del poder
Authors: Lomas Carlos
Published: December 2019

El aprendizaje del uso de las palabras ha de estar al servicio de la comunica­ción entre las personas y de la convivencia democrática. Por ello, la educación lingüística debería entenderse no sólo como una tarea orientada a enseñar una serie de técnicas y de estrategias que favorezcan el aprendizaje de competencias comunicativas sino tambi´én como una oportunidad para identificar y evaluar en las aulas los efectos culturales del hacer lingüístico y comunicativo de los textos y para fomentar una conciencia crítica contra los usos y abusos de los que es objeto el lenguaje cuando se pone al servicio de la discrimina­ción, del menosprecio, de la injusticia, de la ocultación y de la mentira. En otras palabras, la educación lingüística no debiera disociarse de la enseñanza y del aprendizaje de actitudes éticas y de conocimientos sociolingüísticos que fomenten en las aulas el aprendizaje de la democracia y el aprecio de la diver­sidad lingüística y cultural de las comunidades de habla. De ahí la importancia de contribuir desde la educación a la emancipación comunicativa del alumnado y de fomentar una actitud crítica ante la utilización del lenguaje al servicio de ideologías y de acciónes que en nada favorecen la equidad, la democracia y la convivencia armoniosa entre las personas y los pueblos.

"A mis doce años de edad estuve a punto de ser atropellado por una bicicleta. Un aseñor cura que pasaba me salvó con un grito: ¡Cuidado! El ciclista cayó a tierra. El señor cura, sin detenerse, me dijo: ¿Ya vio lo que es el poder de la palabra?". Gabriel García Márquez (2004)
Epidemic clinical profile of cancer patients treated in a third-levelclinical institution in Manizales, Colombia, 1995-2004
Authors: Villegas Carlos Raúl , Chacón José Arnoby , Cardona Juan Paulo , Correa Luz Ángela
Published: December 2019

Background:Cancer is being increasingly diagnosedthroughout the world, possibly related to increased lifeexpectancy, greater exposure to known carcinogens,increased healthcare coverage, application of screeningprograms, and active search for cases. In the UnitedStates, 1-million new cases are diagnosed with more than500,000 deaths per year. The costs of attention and worklost are very high. In Colombia, this pathology hasbehaved in similar manner, constituting a general publichealth problem. In 2004, in Manizales 653 new cases werediagnosed.Objective:To describe the characteristics of thepopulation with cancer diagnosis treated in the InstitutoOncológico ION SA of Manizales, Caldas, Colombia,since its foundation on March/1995 to December/2004.Materials and methods: Some5000 patients weretreated in the Institution were included from 1995 to2004. The demographic and clinical variables were analyzedto establish the frequencies of presentation and to knowthe main aspects of the study given in the Institution andthe most important results about the treatment withdifferent therapeutic modalities.Results:Median age of 57 years +17.3, female (65.6%),urban origin (90.2%). The main occupational categorywas «Various occupations» (61%) followed by «Technical»(12.1%). The most common diagnoses were breast cancer18.7%, cervical cancer 13.1%, lymphomas 7.7%, colo-rectal cancer 6.4%, and gastric cancer 4.7%. Most patients(69.1%) consulted after two months of their firstsymptoms. The III and IV clinical stages were the mostfrequent at diagnosis. According to the Karnofsky scale,the functional capacity was good at the beginning oftreatment. Therapeutic modalities were surgery,chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The toxicity of thetreatments revealed a total frequency of 11.3% (567/5,000). The overall survival at 5 years for men and womenwas 61.2% and 72.3%, respectively (p<0.05).Conclusions:The clinical and epidemic profile ofthe patients attended in the ION SA in Manizales, Co-lombia, does not differ in its general aspect from othercancer studies, other analytic studies must be conductedto determine associations among them to help to bestunderstand the Oncologic phenomenon of our Insti-tution.
Research in the practice of family medicine: a lost cause or a pending challenge?
Authors: Rubinstein Adolfo
Published: December 2019

This article reflects on barriers to research in family medicine, particularly in Latin American countries. These difficulties are not only related to the lack of family physicians as clinical researchers, but also to their progressive relegation from research on specific diseases or conditions by specialists whose domain is an organ system or disease. In addition, family physicians in Latin America are also loaded with the difficulties imposed by the growing north-south divide between developed and developing countries given that, as compared with developed countries, few studies are conducted in Latin America. While research in Family Medicine is not a lost cause, it requires strong commitment from all academic, political, and social stakeholders dedicated to family medicine as a structural axis of healthcare services in Latin America, to offer primary care research the boost it needs.
Prescribing patterns and economic costs of proton pump inhibitors in Colombia
Authors: Machado-Alba Jorge E , Fernández Alejandra , Castrillón Juan D , Campo Carlos F , Echeverri Luis F , Gaviria Andrés , Londoño Manuel J , Ochoa Sergio A , Ruiz Joaquín O
Published: December 2019

Objective: To determine the prescribing patterns for proton pump inhibitors and to estimate the economic cost of their use in a group of patients affiliated with the Colombian Health System.Methods: This is a descriptive observational study. Data for analysis consisted of prescriptions dispensed between October 1st, 2010 and October 31st, 2010 and were collected from a systematic database of 4.2 million members. Socio-demographic variables were considered along with the defined daily dose, co-medication, convenience of the indication for proton pump inhibitor use and costs.Results: In this study, 113,560 prescriptions were dispensed in 89 cities, mostly to women (57.6%) with a mean age of 54.4 ± 18.7 yrs; the drugs were omeprazole (n= 111,294; 97.8%),  esomeprazole (n= 1,378; 1.2%), lansoprazole (n= 524; 0.4%), pantoprazole and rabeprazole. The indication for 87,349 of the formulas (76.9%) was justified and statistically associated with the use of NSAIDs, antithrombotics, corticosteroids, anti-ulcer, antibiotics and prokinetics. No justification was found for 26,211 (23.1%) of the prescriptions, which were associated with antidiabetics, antihypertensives, hypolipidemics and others (p <0.001). The annual justified cost was estimated to be US$ 1,654,701 and the unjustified cost was estimated to be U.S. $ 2,202,590, as calculated using the minimum reference prices.Discussion: Each month, the Colombian health system is overloaded by unjustified costs that include payments for non-approved indications of proton pump inhibitors and for drugs outside the list of essential medications.This issue is contributing to rising costs of healthcare in Colombia.
An approach to the etiology of metabolic syndrome
Authors: Muñoz Angélica M , Bedoya Gabriel , Velásquez Claudia
Published: December 2019

Increased prevalence of obesity in the world, especially accumulation of abnormal amounts of visceral fat predisposes to insulina resistance, which is the central role of metabolic syndrome (MS). Obesity can deregulate the intracellular signaling of insulina due to the production of inflammatory substances, chemo attractant proteins, adipokines and molecules that trigger hormonal mediator potentials for destabilization of signal transduction, leading to metabolic disorders such as hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. The complexity of the MS and of the genetic mechanisms involved in its etiology derives from the combination of variants on genes involved and environmental factors that predispose it. The purpose of this paper is to review the effects of obesity in molecular and biochemical responses that trigger insulin resistance and its relation to some candidate genes and the ancestral component of the population.
«Mind Is Everything, and Mind Is Everywhere»: Gogol’s Motif in Krechinsky’s Philosophy
Authors: Paderina Ekaterina G.
Published: December 2019

Sukhovo-Kobylin has been for long recognized as the successor of Gogol-comedian, but this scientific topic is still outlined only in the thesis (satirical point of view and tragicomic way of reflecting Russian reality). Meanwhile, the artistic concept of the first Sukhovo-Kobylin’s comedy and his trilogy generally is based on a serious and thoughtful dialogue with Gogol about the actual problems of Russian life. In particular, the article deals with the important problem (according to the opinion of both playwrights), the problem of self-consciousness of the Russian man – the correlation of the concepts of “mind” and “cheating”. The closer ties of these concepts in one literary motif of Russian Comedy are known by Griboyedov’s comedy. Gogol also considered different options of the convergence of these two concepts in the lives of many of his characters, including Chichikov. The article author’s attention is focused on Gogol’s “Gamblers” and Krechinskiy’s “Wedding” by Sukhovo-Kobylin where the motif is immersed in the theme of cheating in the card game and in life. “Smart” cheats and sharpers of Gogol belong to different generations, and in the final of “Gamblers” (1842) the system of values of already independent Ikharev and young unsophisticated Glov is debunked. Both of them have to face the new life choice. That is the way the comedian expressed his concern about the fate of the young personalities’ generation. In his last book (“Selected fragments from correspondence with friends”, 1847) Gogol anxiously contemplated on the fate of Russia, blaming the modern Russian man in the willingness to be known even as a cheat, but not as a fool. Krechinskiy is Ikharev of his own generation. Although he is smarter and more practical, and his ambitions are much greater, the comedy collision of the Sukhovo-Kobylin’s hero is similar to Iharev’s one: his philosophy is also based on the priority of the mind (“Mind is everything, and mind is everywhere”); the mind is also associated with cheating, and in the final the main hero also fails. Besides, Sukhovo-Kobylin denies the prospects of choice that are proposed by Gogol to the generation of young personalities. Krechinskiy at the moment of fiasco has no doubts about his philosophy. Rasplyuev and Muromskiy bring out two possible destinies for Ikharev, but the author evaluates negatively not only the life of Rasplyuev, the unlucky sharper, he does not also see any prospects in Muromskiy’s life choice to be a successful landlord. The fate of Gogol's card players and adventurists in the changed historical circumstances of the 1850s in the first play of the Sukhovo-Kobylin’s trilogy appears to be unattractive.
Conversions of the convolution operation to the sum and the asymptotic behavior of the stable polynomials coefficients
Authors: Цирлин Анатолий Михайлович , Заева Mаргарита Aнатольевна
Published: December 2019

Известны интегральные преобразования, для которых свертка в области оригиналов (функций скалярного действительного переменного) преобразуется в сумму изображений (функций скалярного действительного переменного). Эти преобразования задаются с точностью до линейного оператора.

Рассмотрены свойства одного из подобных преобразований, для которого экспонента преобразуется в экспоненту: eго связь с преобразованием Лапласа, преобразования некоторых конкретных функций и операций дифференцирования, интегрирования, сдвига, изменения масштаба времени, умножения на экспоненту и другие.

Переход от плотности распределения случайной величины к ее кумулянтам называют кумулянтным преобразованием, по аналогии все преобразования, переводящие свертку оригиналов в сумму отображений названы кумулянтными. Показано, что формулы Ньютона, реализующие связь сумм одинаковых степеней корней полинома с его коэффициентами, являются кумулянтным преобразованием, так же как переход от функции действительного переменного к фазе или логарифму модуля ее преобразования по Фурье.

Обсуждаются возможности использования таких преобразований. Получены условия, при выполнении которых последовательность коэффициентов устойчивого полинома, являющаяся сверткой устойчивых полиномов первой и второй степени, с ростом числа этих полиномов асимптотически нормальна.