bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecosystem Strategies for Transnational Digital Entrepreneurship
Authors: Duan Carson , Kotey Bernice , Sandhu Kamaljeet
Published: March 2021

This chapter proposes a three-ecosystems framework in the context of transnational digital entrepreneurship (TDE). It argues that the embeddedness and engagement within digital, host, and home-country entrepreneurial ecosystems holistically affect TDE process, adoption of strategic activities, and entrepreneurs. The research indicates that there is an increasing faith amongst researchers and policymakers in the vital position of TDE for socioeconomic development in transnational entrepreneurs' host and home countries, which has manifested as a result of the contribution to innovation, job creation, and income generation. This chapter aims to contribute to the rapidly growing literature on transnational entrepreneurship (TE) and digital entrepreneurship (DE) by theoretically exploring the key-impacting components in the process of TDE. The chapter offers an integrated theoretical framework/model supported by three ecosystems and a set of testable propositions for future empirical TDE research. This research will theoretically contribute to TE and DE literature.
Motives for the New Disruptive Technologies
Authors: Brkovic Nermin , Sorooshian Shahryar
Published: March 2021

This literature review presents a number of motives and opportunities for Supply Chain 4.0 transition with underlying pillars in focus that are IoT, AI, big data, and blockchain technology. All technologies and systems are described briefly concerning the existing literature, with an extensive focus on blockchain technology. It becomes apparent that we are standing in front of a massive supply chain transition, where connectivity and digital networks will create competitive advantages. Aspects like efficiency, traceability, visibility, transparency, auditability, and flexibility will play significant roles for organisations and their ability to successfully adapt to future supply chain transformations.
Internet of Things-Based Agricultural Mechanization Using Neural Network Extreme Learning on Rough Set
Authors: Chen Jian , Chen Xiaohua , Zeng Qingyan , Singh Ishbir , Sharma Amit
Published: March 2021

Recently, the basic functioning of monitoring in internet of things (IoT) is to apply the monitored data to the database for the regular analysis through mobile or computer platform. The purpose of this article is to highlight the application scope of IoT knowledge and to present the model of agricultural IoT for prediction by studying the influence of IoT technology towards modern agriculture. In order to explore the uncertain characteristics of the development of agricultural mechanization, the evaluation index system is simplified through the existing rough set theory. The neural network model is established with five random provinces and cities in 31 provinces and municipalities as test samples. By comparing the data of the neural network model established before and after the reduction, the results show that the index coefficient is reduced by about 60% based on the fixed information before and after the reduction. The simulation evaluation accuracy established by the artificial neural network model is 100%, which is consistent with the results of the original index system.
Electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM) and Makeup Purchase Intention Among Gen-Z Females
Authors: Boateng Sheena Lovia
Published: March 2021

Generation Z (Gen-Z) consumers have been averred to rely on electronic word of mouth (eWOM) for making purchase decisions and expect integrity in brand communication. A significant question bearing both theoretical and practical implications, however, is how the tendency of these consumers to associate brand image with brand integrity influences the impact of eWOM on their purchase intentions, which remains unanswered. Also, studies focusing on a specific gender of Gen-Z consumers are limited. Using the signaling theory and a survey, the study suggests that eWOM signals play a significant role in influencing purchase intentions among female Gen-Z consumers, as well as their perceptions of the brand image and the brand integrity of makeup brands. For female Gen-Z consumers, eWOM signals that enhance the perceptions of brand integrity and brand image tend to equally matter in their makeup purchase decision making. These findings have implications for an industry that is marked by increasing demand for transparency and responsible marketing communication.
Effects of water pilates on urinary loss, genital self-image and sexual function of elderly women
Authors: Tavares Deise Iop , Schlemmer Géssica Bordin Viera , Santos Amanda Figueiró dos , Pivetta Milena Ramila , Arruda Guilherme Tavares de , Santos Tamires Daros dos , Vendrusculo Alecsandra Pinheiro , Braz Melissa Medeiros
Published: March 2021

Descriptive, quasi experimental study with pre and post-test, which aimed to investigate the effects of Water Pilates (PA) on urinary incontinence, genital self-image and sexual function of elderly women. The sample consisted of seventeen elderly women aged 60 years or over, from a city in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul. The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ-SF) was used as instruments to assess the impact of UI in quality of life and qualify urinary loss, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) to assess sexual function and Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS) to assess women's perception of their own genitalia. The PA protocol was performed twice a week for 50 minutes performed for eight weeks, totaling 16 sessions. The protocol was divided into warm-up, strengthening exercises and stretching. It was observed that the sample was composed of young elderly women (69.5 ± 5.9 years), overweight and with low FSFI and FGSIS scores. There was no significant change in the mean values before and after the intervention of the ICIQ-SF, FGSIS and FSFI scores. It was concluded that the PA method had no effect on urinary loss, sexual function and genital self-image.
Effects of the 27.12 MHz magnetic field emitted by short-wave equipment on spermatogenesis
Authors: Pedrosa Márcio Botelho , Tenorio Bruno Mendes , Tenorio Fernanda das Chagas Angelo Mendes , Nogueira de Morais Rosana , Nogueira Romildo de Albuquerque , Silva Junior Valdemiro Amaro da
Published: March 2021

Studies have shown the influence of magnetic fields on several biological systems. Some of these fields, such as shortwave (SW) magnetic fields, have been used for therapeutic purposes. However, the possible adverse effects caused by this treatment still need to be better understood. The present study aimed to ascertain whether a single daily exposure (15 min.), for 15, 30 and 60 days, to SW magnetic field (27.12 MHz) can impede spermatogenesis. Exposure to SW magnetic fields did not change the weight of body, testis, epididymis, prostate, seminal vesicle or the gonadosomatic index. The plasma testosterone levels and testicular component volumes (seminiferous tubules, lumen, lamina propria, connective tissue, blood vessels, intertubular tissue) also remained unchanged. Histopathological analysis and spermatogenesis markers showed no changes after exposure to SW magnetic fields. However, some analyses showed changes in the lamina propria, daily sperm production, individual volume and population of Leydig cells. In conclusion, exposure to SW magnetic field for up to 60 days seems to be safe for spermatogenesis, but this exposure caused minor testicular changes that need to be better understood in the long term. This is of particular interest to health professionals who handle such SW devices for long periods of time.
Bioactive compounds in the leaves of Baccharis dracunculifolia: extraction process and characterization
Authors: Iurckevicz Genice , Dahmer Débora , Casagrande Maira , Calegari Gabrielle Cristina , Oldoni Tatiane Luiza Cadorin , Dekker Robert Frans Huibert , Malfatti Carlos Ricardo Maneck , Cunha Mário Antônio Alves
Published: March 2021

Baccharis dracunculifolia has been used in popular medicine because of its bioactive properties, which include anti-inflammatory, antiulcerative and hepatoprotective potentials. A 2³ central composite rotational design was used to define the best conditions for extracting the bioactive compounds from the leaves of Baccharis dracunculifolia. The parameters studied included the solvent concentration, time and temperature of extraction and the influence of these on the total phenolics content and antioxidant activity. The best conditions were 95 % methanol (v/v), 20 min extraction time, and 70 °C temperature. Under the optimized conditions, high contents of total phenolic compounds (72.5 mg GAE g-1) and high DPPH (865.6 µmol TE g-1) and ABTS (331.11 μmol TE g-1) free radical scavenging capacity and a high ferric reducing antioxidant power (1558.00 μmol FeSO4.7H2O g-1), were obtained. The extract also showed promising anti-microbial activity, demonstrating fungistatic action against C. tropicalis and C. albicans (5 mg mL-1 and 7 mg mL-1, respectively) and bacteriostatic effect against Escherichia coli (60 e 70 mg mL-1), Salmonella enterica typhimurium (40; 60 and 70 mg mL-1) and Staphylococcus aureus (4 mg mL-1). HPLC-DAD analysis showed an extract rich in the phenolic compounds catechin (0.659 mg g-1), caffeic acid (1.135 mg g-1), p-coumaric acid (0.772 mg g-1), ferulic acid (6.24 mg g-1), pinocembrina (0.155 mg g-1) and rutin (0.037 mg g-1).
Statistical optimization of amylase production using grape fruit peels in submerged fermentation
Authors: Iram Nazia , Shakir Hafiz Abdullah , Irfan Muhammad , Khan Muhammad , Ali Shaukat , Anwar Arfa , Saeed Saba , Qazi Javed Iqbal
Published: March 2021

Amylase production by Bacillus licheniformis isolated from fish gut was statistically optimized using grape fruit peels in submerged fermentation. Nutritional parameters were optimized through one factor at a time approach. The selected parameters were grape fruit peels as carbon source, ammonium nitrate as nitrogen source, magnesium sulphate as mineral salt. These parameters along with initial medium pH was optimized through central composite design of response surface methodology. Maximum amylase production was observed at 5% grape fruit peels, 0.9% ammonium nitrate, 0.6% magnesium sulphate when initial pH of medium was adjusted 7. The amylase was optimally active at pH 9 at 80°C. The highest enzyme activity at 80ºC depicted the potential use of the strain especially in textiles and paper industrial processes which are performed at high temperatures.
Biomass cogeneration plants integrated into poultry slaughterhouses for reducing industry costs with energy
Authors: Siqueira Abilio Teixeira de , Bazzo Edson , Lo Giudice Pedro , Burin Eduardo
Published: March 2021

A technical and economic feasibility analysis was performed concerning biomass cogeneration to supply the thermal and electricity demands of poultry slaughterhouses. The analysis considers measured data referring to the annual energy consumption from an existing industry as well as the characteristics of equipment available in the Brazilian market. The cogeneration plant is equipped with a water tube steam generator and a condensing-extraction steam turbine in a Rankine cycle. Four different configurations were evaluated, including impulse and reaction turbines at two steam pressure/temperature levels (43 bar / 450 °C and 68 bar / 520 °C). A steady state full load operation is considered at cogeneration mode on the weekdays and at Rankine power plant mode on the weekends, when there is no process steam consumption. The technical analysis pointed out the reaction turbine at 68 bar / 520 ºC as the best alternative, leading to the highest overall efficiency. In addition, this plant configuration showed economic advantages represented by an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 21%, a Net Present Value (NPV) of US$ 10.93 million, and a payback time of 6 years, enabling a reduction on the industrial cost with energy in the slaughterhouse to 19 US$/ton of product (-30% in comparison to the base case). Finally, the calculated LCOE of 73 US$/MWh was lower than the current price of the electricity in the market, indicating potential economic feasibility of the proposed concept.
Retroperitoneal extension of massive ulcerated testicular seminoma through the inguinal canal: A case report
Authors: Antonaci Alessio , Fasanella Daniela , Galica Vikiela , Tinari Nicola , Giampietro Jamara , Di Marino Pietro , Delli Pizzi Andrea , Basilico Raffaella , Schips Luigi , Marchioni Michele
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Testicular cancers represent about 5% of all urological malignancies and 1-1.5% of all male neoplasms. Most of the testicular cancers are localized (68%) at diagnosis. Bulky masses in the scrotum are rare. We present a rare case of bulky testicular cancer with retroperitoneal spread through the inguinal canal. Case report: A 44-year-old man came to the emergency department referring weakness and the presence of a scrotal mass. At physical examination, a voluminous mass was found, with necrotic phenomena within the scrotum. Abdomen was tense and sore. Abdominal CT scan revealed a bulky testicular mass spreading to the retroperitoneal space through the inguinal canal with node enlargement. Patient underwent orchiectomy with excision of infiltrated scrotum skin. Histologic diagnosis confirmed a typical form seminoma. The patient was then treated with a cisplatin-based chemotherapy, with a partial response. The patient recently relapsed and he is being treated with a new line of chemotherapy and subsequent surgery with or without radiotherapy. Conclusions: We described a rare presentation of testicular cancer. This case highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to rare testis tumour presentation and early diagnosis for testicular cancers.
Oncological cases and complications in Urology
Authors: Bernabei Massimiliano , Di Domenico Antonia , Falcao Gil , Fragkoulis Charalampos , Benelli Andrea , Beverini Martina , Pinheiro Luís Campos , Carneiro Cabrita , Fabbri Nicolò , Glykas Ioannis , Greco Salvatore , Introini Carlo , Ntoumas Konstantinos , Papadopoulos Georgios , Rutigliani Mariangela , Stamatakos Panagiotis , Barreira João Vasco
Published: March 2021

This collection of cases describes some unusual urological tumors and complications related to urological tumors and their treatment.

Case 1: A case of left hydronephrosis referred four years after a right radical mastectomy for lobular breast carcinoma was described. Computed tomography scan revealed a left hydronephrosis with dilated ureter up to the proximal third. An exploratory laparoscopy was performed and the definitive histopathology examination showed a recurrence of the carcinoma with a right tubal metastasis and peritoneal carcinosis.

Case 2: A rare case of an extensive penile squamous cell carcinoma in a young man. The patient was treated with radical surgery and modified inguinal lymphadenectomy. No recurrence was noticed so far.

Case 3: A rare case of left sided Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) in a patient diagnosed with renal cell cancer who underwent open left partial nephrectomy.

Case 4: A case of urethrorrhagia, caused by a recent trauma from an urinary catheter placed in a patient submitted to gastric resection due to a neoplastic pathology. Urethrorrhagia only temporarily responded to conservative treatment and ultimately resolved by coagulation with an endoscopic approach.
Red man syndrome caused by intracavernous irrigation with vancomycin at the time of placing penile implants
Authors: Moussa Mohamad , Abou Chakra Mohamad , Papatsoris Athanasios , Dellis Athanasios , Moussa Yasmine
Published: March 2021

To the Editor, Erectile dysfunction is a condition that affects more than half of men between 40 and 70 years of age. Penile prosthesis (PP) implant is recognized, at present, as the most effective option to obtain an artificial erection satisfactory for sexual intercourse in those patients in which the pharmacological approach is contraindicated or ineffective. [...]
Penetrating injury of superior sagittal sinus
Authors: Arham Abrar , Zaragita Nadya
Published: March 2021

Penetrating injury of superior sagittal sinus (SSS) is very rare yet serious which can lead to morbidity and mortality. Complications such as bleeding, thrombosis, and infection are possible and should be anticipated. We report a case of 3-year-old boy with penetrating injury caused by a nail at the middle third of SSS. The patient underwent the surgery for extraction and sinus repair and antibiotic treatment during the hospital stay. He was neurologically intact and recovered completely. Comprehensive treatment of both surgical and medical management is important in achieving the best possible outcome.
Recurrent meningeal melanocytoma of cervical spine: A rare case
Authors: Vaidya Mihir , Dhake Rahul , Parikh Rashmi , Sabnis Manish , Sabnis Josna
Published: March 2021

Melanocytomas of the central nervous system are rare benign or intermediate grade localized melanocytic tumors. Despite its benign nature, it can follow a locally aggressive course with propensity to recur. We present the case of a 29 years old female who presented with a recurrent lesion in cervical spine and rapidly progressing quadriparesis. On examination, there was loss of power in right-sided extremities and reduction in sensations in left-sided extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging spine revealed a homogeneously enhancing intradural extramedullary dumbbell-shaped mass lesion at C4/5 level with extension through right C4 neural foramina to the extraforamina space, causing severe spinal cord compression. Intraoperatively, bluish-colored tumor was identified along with underlying hematoma. Gross total excision of the tumor was done. Tumor was received in the histopathology department in multiple black-colored fragments. Microscopically, a heavily pigmented tumor was seen with the sheets and nodules of polygonal cells with large nuclei and prominent nucleoli. Differentials considered were meningeal melanocytoma and malignant melanoma. On immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells showed diffuse positivity for HMB 45 and S100. Ki 67 index was around 1%. On radiological review, the tumor was fairly well circumscribed and did not infiltrate the adjacent tissues. There was no evidence of any lesions elsewhere in the body. Considering these features, the tumor was diagnosed with meningeal melanocytoma. Postoperatively, there was significant immediate improvement in quadriparesis and patient could walk with minimal support.
Castigating intraoperative bleeding: Tranexamic acid, a new ally
Authors: Hanada Krashan , Ahmad Alhasan , Shadi Hammadeen , Wajdi Alnajada , Haitham Saraireh , Wesam Khresat , Lamees Arabiyat , Qamar Malabeh , Rami Alqroom
Published: March 2021

Introduction: The field of instrumented spinal procedures is associated with substantial blood volume losses, which is one of the major hazards we encounter; this would lead to a greater need for blood products transfusions. The frequent use of these products can have negative consequences due to body fluid shifting, and donor-host rejection. Thus, it has become mandatory to establish strategies to maintain blood volume and minimize losses. Several strategies have been approved to control the disproportionate blood loss. Objective: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of tranexamic acid in reducing intraoperative bleeding during our spine instrumented surgeries, while addressing complications associated. Methods: In this retrospective analysis was steered of 153- consecutive patients treated in the neurosurgical- spine unit of King Hussein hospital, King Hussein Medical Center (KHMC), between April 2017 to January 2020, patients who underwent instrumented surgery for different spinal pathologies at our institute were reviewed. Results: During the analysis period, 153-patients who underwent interbody fusion, were allocated into two groups. The mean instrumented segments were 2.8 level (range 1-5 levels). The demographical data of patients of both groups analyzed. The mean span of operating time was (212.74 ± 41.85 min) for group I, while for the control group mean length was (208.09min ±42.03). Study showed that the mean drop in the hemoglobin concentration postoperatively was statistically significant comparing the two groups. Analysis of blood volume in suction container showed that group I had: 470 ml ±153.06 ml; while in control group volume was: 1560 ml ± 567.59 ml, which showed significant difference (p = 0.002). Comparing the drainage volumes at 12 hours postoperatively displayed no statistically significant differences (p = 0.69) concerning the two groups. Minor adverse effects allied with the tranexamic acid administration. Conclusions: In summary, perioperative bleeding deemed one of the most important threat for patients. Tranexamic acid is proved excellent in controlling perioperative bleeding, harboring few contraindications. Future large studies are still needed to elaborate on unanswered issues.
The dilemma of multifocality in insular tumors: Multicentricity versus metastasis
Authors: Das Kuntal , Singh Amanjot , Khatri Deepak , Gosal Jaskaran , Bhaisora Kamlesh , Mehrotra Anant , Gogoi Sudarsana , Behari Sanjay
Published: March 2021

Background and Purpose: Multifocality and metastasis from insular glioma are extremely rare. Pathological insights and elaboration of the clinical course of this condition will contribute to their better understanding. Materials and Methods: Among 123 consecutively operated insular gliomas, 5 patients (4.2%) presented with a multifocal tumor. The clinico-radiological, histo-molecular, and treatment outcomes were noted and compared with the unifocal insular glioma cohort. Results: Among the five patients, all were males and involved the right insular lobe. Three patients presented with synchronous tumors, while two patients developed metachronous multifocal tumors. The histology of the insular tumor was Grade I glioma in 1, Grade II astrocytoma with p53 mutation in 2, and anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma in one patient each. Histological confirmation of the second lesion was performed in two patients, showing the same histology of the insular tumor. Interconnection between the tumors was apparent through cerebrospinal fluid pathways in four patients, while no such connection could be established in one patient. Barring the patient of Grade I glioma, the rest of the patients died within months of the diagnosis. Conclusion: Multifocal insular glioma is rare and probably represents a biologically more aggressive tumor. Insular glioma that touches the ventricle appears a common denominator for multifocality. True multicentricity is rare. The prognosis in insular glioma with multifocality is poor in non-Grade I gliomas.
Low-Volume Plasma Exchange and Low-Dose Steroid to Treat Severe Liver Injury
Authors: Zachariah Uday , Kumar Santhosh E. , Alexander Vijay , Patel Lalji , Goel Ashish , Eapen C. E.
Published: March 2021

High-volume plasma exchange (PLEX) to treat acute liver failure is now categorized as a Category I indication (i.e., first-line treatment as a stand-alone treatment or with other treatment modalities) by the American Society for Apheresis after a randomized controlled trial of 183 patients demonstrated survival benefit by this treatment. In this review, we provide an introduction to PLEX to treat acute liver failure syndromes for hepatologists and gastroenterologists. From our recent experience of treating 188 patients with acute liver failure syndromes with low-volume PLEX and low-dose steroid, we present five illustrative case histories of patients who benefitted from this management protocol. We discuss some postulated mechanisms how PLEX benefits patients with acute liver failure syndromes. PLEX appears to provide survival benefit in patients with acute liver failure syndromes (severe acute liver injury, acute liver failure, and acute-on chronic liver failure) and may be a nontransplant treatment option for some of these patients, especially in resource-constrained settings.
Acute Obstructive Suppurative Pancreatic Ductitis Secondary to Intraductal Stones
Authors: Balekuduru Avinash Bhat , Sagar Bongu Shruti , Subbaraj Satyaprakash Bonthala
Published: March 2021

Pancreatic sepsis secondary to infected necrosis or pancreatic abscess is a well-known clinical entity. Acute obstructive suppurative pancreatic ductitis (AOSPD) in the setting of chronic calcific pancreatitis is a rare complication that is seldom reported. We report two cases of AOSPD who underwent successful pancreatic endotherapy.
Comparison of Complete Rockall Score, Glasgow–Blatchford Score, and AIMS 65 Score for Predicting In-Hospital Mortality in Patients Presenting with Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern India
Authors: Totagi Anand , Srinivas Usha , Paramasivan Piramanayagam , Krishnan Sankaranarayanan , Palaniswamy Kallipatti Ramasamy , Mohan A. T. , Parameswaran Sarojini Ashok , Dhus Ubal , Hariharan Muthuswamy , Revathy M. S. , Murugan Natarajan , Premkumar Karunakaran , Venkatesh Seshadri , Mahalingam Preethi , Kumar Santhosh
Published: March 2021

Background:

Multiple risk assessment scores are available to triage and stratify patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage. This study was conducted to compare the accuracy of complete Rockall score (CRS), Glasgow–Blatchford score (GBS), and AIMS65 score (AIMS65-albumin, INR >1.5, impaired mental status, systolic pressure <90 mm Hg, and age >65) in predicting in-hospital mortality in patients presenting with upper GI hemorrhage to the gastroenterology department at a tertiary care hospital in Southern India. The secondary objectives were to compare these three scores in predicting the need for blood transfusion, any intervention (endoscopic or radiological or surgical intervention), or rebleeding in patients presenting with upper GI hemorrhage.

Materials and Methods:

This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively recorded data which included 207 patients with acute upper GI hemorrhage admitted at a tertiary care hospital at Chennai over 2 years. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and endoscopic parameters were recorded. CRS, GBS, and AIMS65 scores were calculated. Data regarding in-hospital mortality, need for blood transfusion, endoscopic intervention, radiological intervention, surgical intervention, and rebleeding were collected. Area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was compared between the three scores in predicting in-hospital mortality, need for blood transfusion, intervention, and rebleeding.

Results:

AIMS 65 score >3 (AUROC 0.92) was a better predictor of in-hospital mortality than GBS (AUROC 0.77) and CRS (AUROC 0.69). AIMS65 was a better predictor of rebleeding (AUROC 0.804) than GBS (AUROC 0.676) or CRS (AUROC 0.623). GBS was a better predictor for need of blood transfusion (AUROC 0.785) than AIMS65 (AUROC 0.691) or CRS (AUROC 0.629).

Conclusion:

AIMS 65 score (>3) was a better predictor of in-hospital mortality than GBS or CRS in patients presenting with acute upper GI hemorrhage due to either variceal and nonvariceal etiology. AIMS 65 was also a better predictor of risk of rebleeding. GBS was a better predictor of need for blood transfusion and need for intervention.
High-Resolution Esophageal Manometry in Clinical Practice – An Indian Perspective
Authors: Jain Mayank
Published: March 2021

High-resolution esophageal manometry (HREM) is a technique to determine the function of esophageal musculature and the integrity of the lower esophageal sphincter. This test is commonly used for evaluation of nonobstructive dysphagia, assessment of peristaltic reserve before anti-reflux surgery, symptoms of regurgitation, and noncardiac chest pain unexplained by endoscopic evaluation. The current review deals with the spectrum of esophageal motility disorders in India and reviews the technique and reporting of HREM. The clinical utility of HREM in Indian setting with special reference to challenges faced has been discussed in detail.
Pulmonary Nocardiosis
Authors: Nayak Hemanta Kumar , Panigrahi Manas Kumar , Mohanty Srujana , Kumar Chandan , Samal Subash Chandra
Published: March 2021

Nocardia is an emerging infection in the era of biological therapy with a fatal outcome without treatment. Risk of dissemination and multisystem involvement demands an early diagnosis from the treating physician. We share our experience of such opportunistic infection (pulmonary nocardiosis) in a young male with Crohn's disease on injection adalimumab. The patient was managed with appropriate antibiotics and after therapy, prophylaxis with cotrimoxazole was initiated. Adalimumab was re-introduced, as he developed flare-up of the perianal disease on follow-up. Atypical opportunistic infection requires a meticulous approach to reach early diagnosis to prevent poor outcomes.
Idiopathic Polyclonal Plasmacytosis Presenting as Fever of Unknown Origin
Authors: Singh Vivek Pal , Garg Ashutosh
Published: March 2021

An elderly male, after being flagged to have fever of unknown origin, was found to have plasmacytosis on bone marrow examination. On immunophenotyping, the proliferation was confirmed as polyclonal. No associated underlying condition such as infection or connective tissue disease was found. The importance of polyclonal plasmacytosis is discussed vis-a-vis the usual knee jerk reaction to diagnose multiple myeloma.
Clinical and Laboratory Profile of COVID-19 Patients Admitted at a Tertiary Care Center in New Delhi and Assessment of Factors Predicting Disease Severity
Authors: Jain Piyush , Sinha Nitin , Prasad M. K. Hari , Padole Vaibhav
Published: March 2021

Background:

This study was conducted in nonintensive care unit COVID-19 patients admitted in a tertiary care center, to assess the clinical profile and find surrogate markers to predict the severity of COVID-19 at the time of admission.

Methodology:

It is a cross-sectional observational study. Clinical and laboratory data were compiled of patients admitted in COVID wards in a tertiary care center. Patients were stratified clinically according to the severity of COVID pneumonia. The admission clinical and laboratory parameters were compared between the severe and nonsevere COVID patients.

Results:

The study included 63 patients of which 46 were males, with a mean age of 47 years. Patients were classified into mild (32%), moderate (19%), and severe (49%) categories according to national guidelines. Fever (81%), cough (67%), and dyspnea (67%) were the most commonly observed symptoms. In comparative analysis, mean C-reactive protein (CRP), serum ferritin, and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were significantly higher in severe COVID-19 patients and the admission PaCO2 significantly lower compared to nonsevere patients.

Conclusion:

The study shows that raised NLR, CRP, serum ferritin, and low PaCO2 levels at the time of admission are important predictors of disease severity.
Satisfaction of Malaria Patients with Care by Community Health Workers Trained in Microscopy: A Mixed-Methods Study in Palawan, the Philippines
Authors: Akiko Matsumoto-Takahashi Emilie Louise , Tongol-Rivera Pilarita , Villacorte Elena Andino , Angluben Ray Uyaan , Jimba Masamine , Kano Shigeyuki
Published: March 2021

Palawan is the malaria-endemic province with the highest prevalence of malaria in the Philippines, and microscopists (community health workers) have been allowed to deliver early diagnosis and prompt treatment of malaria throughout the province since 1999. To improve the quality of care, the present mixed-methods study attempted to identify the factors associated with satisfaction of patients in Palawan with their microscopists by analyzing the patients’ perspectives. First, a quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among 48 ex-patients and their nine microscopists. Ex-patients were asked about their satisfaction with care, and microscopists were asked about their job satisfaction and ability. Structural equation modeling was conducted for data analysis. Second, a qualitative cross-sectional study was performed using narrative interviews. Data were analyzed using the NVivo 10 software program. As a result, both studies revealed high patient satisfaction with microscopists. The quantitative study showed that ex-patients’ satisfaction with their microscopists was independently enhanced by two factors: high ability in malaria microscopic observation and low household wealth of the patients. Particularly, specific subpopulations (those with lower household wealth, relatively old people, and ethnic minorities) were more satisfied with the microscopists’ care. The qualitative study strengthens this finding by showing that their microscopists offered prompt and precise diagnosis and effective treatment for free. In conclusion, microscopists were shown to have an important role in narrowing the disparities in malaria care in Palawan. It is important to maintain/enhance the ability of microscopists in malaria microscopy to satisfy their patients.
Lumbar Puncture-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among Patients, Caregivers, Doctors, and Nurses in Zambia
Authors: Elafros Melissa A. , Belessiotis-Richards Clara , Birbeck Gretchen L. , Bond Virginia , Sikazwe Izukanji , Kvalsund Michelle P.
Published: March 2021

Lumbar puncture (LP) is underused for neuroinfectious disease diagnosis in Zambia, but reasons for poor uptake remain speculative. This cross-sectional study assessed LP knowledge, attitudes, and practices among patients/caregivers and healthcare workers (HCWs) and predictors of LP completion. Patients with suspected central nervous system infection, caregivers, and HCWs at the University Teaching Hospitals in 2016 were eligible. Questions adapted from the existing literature were used for a LP knowledge score. Predictors of knowledge scores were assessed independently for patients/caregivers and HCWs. Predictors of LP completion were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Among 123 patients/caregivers, LP knowledge was poor. Pediatric caregivers were more likely than adult patients/caregivers to report LP could be replaced by neuroimaging (90% versus 78%, P < 0.001) and cause paralysis (57% versus 39%, P = 0.01). There were no significant predictors of the knowledge score among patients/caregivers. Among HCWs, 28% said LP makes patients clinically worse, and 60% reported it could cause paralysis. The increased knowledge score was associated with greater wealth (P = 0.03) and personally knowing someone who underwent LP (P < 0.001). Lumbar puncture was completed on 67/112 (57%) patients and was associated with an increased knowledge score (OR: 1.62 [95% CI: 1.19–2.23]). Pediatric patients (OR: 0.18 [95% CI: 0.07–0.47]) and those with a fear of paralysis (OR 0.29 [95% CI: 0.11–0.77]) were less likely to undergo LP. Improving LP-related knowledge may improve uptake. Healthcare workers sense of LP risk may also play a role in encouraging/discouraging use.
Sensitive and Prolonged Detection of Dengue Virus RNA in Whole Blood
Authors: Waggoner Jesse J. , Stittleburg Victoria , Natrajan Muktha S. , Paniagua-Avila Alejandra , Bauer Desiree , Olson Daniel , El Sahly Hana M. , Asturias Edwin J. , Anderson Evan J. , Munoz Flor M.
Published: March 2021

Molecular detection of dengue virus (DENV) RNA from serum or plasma provides an accurate acute-phase diagnostic (< 7 days after symptom onset). Detection may be prolonged in whole blood, although data are limited. We tested for DENV by real-time reverse transcription–PCR in 345 paired acute-phase plasma and whole blood samples from individuals with a Flavivirus-like illness in southwestern Guatemala. In 18/18 cases with detectable DENV RNA in plasma, whole blood samples were positive and yielded similar cycle threshold values. In seven individuals with convalescent samples obtained 2–3 weeks later, DENV RNA remained detectable in whole blood but not plasma. In three additional cases, DENV RNA was only detectable in whole blood at the acute visit. In two cases, whole blood detection was linked to a virologically confirmed DENV infection 6–11 weeks earlier. Whole blood DENV RNA detection is sensitive for acute dengue infection and may remain positive for weeks to months.
Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Alveolar Echinococcosis: An Emerging Infectious Disease in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Houston Stan , Belga Sara , Buttenschoen Klaus , Cooper Ryan , Girgis Safwat , Gottstein Bruno , Low Gavin , Massolo Alessandro , MacDonald Clayton , Müller Norbert , Preiksaitis Jutta , Sarlieve Philippe , Vaughan Stephen , Kowalewska-Grochowska Kinga
Published: March 2021

Human alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a zoonotic cestode infection which is usually fatal in the absence of treatment. Treatment involves major surgery or indefinite antiparasitic therapy. The incidence is rising in Europe and Asia, with an increased risk observed in immunocompromised individuals. Previously, AE acquisition in North America was extremely rare, except for one remote Alaskan Island. Recent studies have demonstrated a new European-like strain of Echinococcus multilocularis (Em) in wildlife and in human AE in western Canada. We report the experience of all AE patients diagnosed in Alberta. Each was diagnosed by histopathology, serology, and PCR-confirmed by a reference laboratory. Seventeen cases of human AE, aged 19–78 years, nine females, were diagnosed between 2013 and 2020: all definitely or probably acquired in Alberta. Six lived in urban areas, and 14 had kept dogs. In eight, the lesions were found incidentally on abdominal imaging performed for other indications. Six were immunocompromised to varying degrees. Six were first diagnosed at surgery. All have been recommended benzimidazole therapy. One died of surgical complications. Clinicians should be aware of this diagnostic possibility in patients presenting with focal nonmalignant hepatic mass lesions. Greater urbanization of coyotes, the predominant definitive host of Em in Alberta, and growing numbers of immune suppressed individuals in the human population may lead to increasing recognition of AE in North America.
The Call for Global Health Research Mentorship for Doctorally Prepared Nurses in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Buser Julie M. , Cranmer John N. , Dzomeku Veronica M. , Ngoma-Hazemba Alice , Ngabirano Tom , Bakari Ashura , Lori Jody R.
Published: March 2021

Limited research about nursing mentorship in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is holding science back. This article describes the strengths and challenges associated with global health research mentorship for doctorally prepared nurses whose scholarship focuses on LMICs. Using reflexive narrative accounts from current and former nurse mentors and nurse mentees who participated in a NIH-funded global health doctoral research program, emerging themes revealed the perspectives of mentors and mentees, producing a global health mentoring model for nursing research mentorship relevant to LMICs. Identified themes, which applied across roles and primary affiliations, included 1) collaborative mentor–mentee relationships and 2) enthusiasm for global health nursing. Our global health nursing research mentor–mentee interaction systems conceptual model focuses on nursing science mentoring in LMICs incorporating interpersonal, institutional, and cultural factors. We describe successful components of global nurse researcher mentorship and summarize directions for future research in the field. Our model can be used to create more effective mentee-centered mentoring for nurses or health professionals conducting global research. To advance science, we encourage doctorally prepared nurses to support mentee-centered research mentorship experiences that are sensitive to the unique needs of interdisciplinary global health scholarship.
Evaluating the Mesh-connected Multiprocessor Running a Parallel Algorithm Representing the Gravitational Interaction Between N Bodies
Authors: Al-Azzeh Jamil
Published: March 2021

In this study, a parallel algorithm to solve the problem of gravitational interaction between N bodies is considered. The peak performance of an 8 × 8 mesh-connected multiprocessor system while implementing the algorithm is evaluated. Further, the mappings of parallel threads of the algorithm onto the multiprocessor are studied based on two criteria for minimizing the communication delay. The corresponding real application performance of the multiprocessor is estimated.
Между дремой и дикостью: эмоции и эмпатия в этнографии XIX – начала XX вв.
Authors: Gramatchikova Natalia B.
Published: March 2021

На материале этнографической очеркистики конца XIX – начала XX века поднимается проблема зависимости восприятия этноса от тех эмоциональных состояний, которые этнограф определяет как доминирующие среди его представителей. Очерки и заметки, посвященные, в основном, народам Урала, свидетельствуют о тревоге русскоязычных авторов, вызванной кризисом собственной идентичности, в силу их близости и симпатии к иноязычным соседям. Эмоциональные режимы, которые определяются этнографами в характере «инородцев» (башкир, татар, самодийцев, манси), оказываются, с одной стороны, связанными с дискурсивными практиками колониального языка, а с другой, показывают, насколько узким был коридор эмпатического приятиях иных режимов чувствования и переживания. Центральным сюжетом исследования является анализ эмоциональных состояний, наблюдаемых и переживаемых уральским путешественником и литератором К. Носиловым на Северном Урале среди манси (К. Носилов «У вогулов», 1904). Важной чертой описания Носилова, всегда выстраивавшего личные отношения с северянами, становится демонстрация разрыва и контраста в их эмоционально-чувственных режимах: от камерной повседневности, открытой «знанию» о будущем, до экстатического ритуального исступления. Пережив эмоциональную травму на вогульском жертвоприношении, Носилов прибегает к разнообразным практикам восстановления эмоционального баланса и обращается к описанию культурных феноменов, где эмоции «иных» опосредованы и облечены в знакомую форму, например, «вогульскому театру». Таким образом, аналитическое чтение этнографических очерков уральских авторов позволяет реконструировать сложную сеть эмоциональных состояний, возникающих при контакте этнографа и представителей иного этноса, проследить зависимость оценок и степени приятия этнических групп от пережитых / опознанных чувств носителей разных культур. Удаленность уральского этнографического «поля», малочисленность русского населения и одиночество исследователя становятся важными условиями, при которых возрастает разнообразие зафиксированных в литературе фронтирных дискурсов.
Privilege in a Police Car: The Story of my Unresolved Ride-Along
Authors: Bright Anita
Published: March 2021

This paper focuses on the events of a Friday evening in the winter of 2012 wherein I went on a police “ride-along” and accompanied a police officer as he went through the normal duties of his shift in a medium-sized city in the Pacific Northwest. During our time together, the officer arrested a 16-year old boy, and had him admitted to the local juvenile detention center. The officer also arrested an adult male who, during the process of being arrested, injured the officer such that the officer required medical attention. Additionally, I witnessed another officer performing an analysis of a suspected illegal substance. Drawing from critical autoethnographic methods, this paper details the events of the evening from my first-person perspective and is threaded with analyses of various facets of my privilege that emerged. The nagging questions that grew from these recognitions of unearned privilege are posed both to myself (as author) and also to readers, with the invitation to ponder the issues with me.
Deciphering the Distance between Distance Education and Working Professionals in Difficult Geographies
Authors: Pandey Jatin , Singh Manjari
Published: March 2021

This study investigates the factors that draw working professionals towards distance education programs, and the factors that sustain their distance education experience. The study is conducted in difficult terrains of Uttarakhand, a hilly state in India which helps us investigate the phenomenon in difficult geographies. Through interviews of ten working professionals in this difficult geography these factors are deduced and a conceptual model is then developed. We also tried to find theoretical linkages to the factors identified. The findings are of value to distance educators and students alike.
Paradoxes, Dyads, and Tensions in Business: A Book Review of Advancing Ethnography in Corporate Environments: Challenges and Emerging Opportunities
Authors: Lilyea Bruce
Published: March 2021

By using a dyad approach of having two authors write about a topic from differing perspectives, the book presents a real world perspective of the innate challenges of corporate ethnography and is authentic as a result. These dyads address the issues of the balance of technology and traditional ethnographic tools; past and future; speed and depth; theory and practicality; insider and outsider; and, big data and human evolution. I intentionally use the word “with” to separate the dyad topics instead of “versus” because the book presents a “with not versus” approach to the dyads in the writing.
Giving a Face to Immigration and Integration Processes: The Use of Photovoice with Italian Young Adults
Authors: Rania Nadia , Migliorini Laura , Cardinali Paola , Rebora Stefania
Published: March 2021

This study used Photovoice to investigate the perspectives of majority youth in Italy about the immigration and integration processes. The participants were 99 Italian young adults living in two northwestern regions of Italy. Images produced by young adults and subsequent discussion focused on the benefits, challenges and possible solutions to foster intergroup integration. The proposed solutions involved intergroup contact, deepening knowledge of other cultures, and recognition of immigrants’ rights. These solutions demonstrate young adults’ openness toward immigrants and their attitude regarding intercultural integration.
Education for All: Hearing Minority Parent Voice about Public Education in India
Authors: Wilson Barbara
Published: March 2021

This research article explores minority parents’ unique hopes, challenges and fears concerning public education in India. Global efforts to provide Education for All have fallen short of achieving educational equity. Lack of educational equity persists due to a variety of conditions, including the failure to take into account local peculiarities. To inform programming of one local school project, the perspectives of minority parents were collected during a focus group held in Aurangabad, India in 2013. Focus group comments were coded and analyzed to identify significant themes. The findings identified factors explaining why minority students are not successful attending public schools or participating in national exams in India. Results and recommendations from this focus group are shared to promote dialogue among school leaders, government organizations and parents to better understand the local public school context and implement practices and policies to reach international education targets and make progress towards Education for All.
Perceived Father Roles of Married African American Men: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Murray Felicia , Hwang Shann
Published: March 2021

Data is limited regarding the cultural and racial variations of fatherhood. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to understand the lived experiences of eight married African American fathers focusing on their perceptions of father roles and responsible fathering behaviors. Specifically, the study highlighted two critical issues: (1) men’s perceptions about their roles as fathers; and (2) how historical characterizations of father roles can serve as a mechanism for understanding males’ current perceptions. The researchers identified seven role themes: provider, role model/sex role model, disciplinarian, leader, supporter, teacher/spiritual teacher, and guide. Implications for family science practitioners and researchers as well as suggestions for future research are provided.