bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dapagliflozin Impact on the Exercise Capacity of Non-Diabetic Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction Patients
Authors: Reis João , Teixeira Ana Rita , Gonçalves António Valentim , Moreira Rita Ilhão , Silva Tiago Pereira , Timóteo Ana Teresa , Ferreira Rui Cruz
Published: May 2022

Background: Dapagliflozin has been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality in Heart Failure with reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF), but its impact on exercise capacity of non-diabetic HF outpatients is unknown. Methods: Adult non-diabetic HF patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50% were randomized 1:1 to receive dapagliflozin 10 mg or to continue with HF medication. Patients underwent an initial evaluation which was repeated after 6 months. The variation of several clinical parameters was compared, with the primary endpoint being the 6 month peak oxygen uptake (pVO2) variation. Results: A total of 40 patients were included (mean age 61 ± 13 years, 82.5% male, mean LVEF 34 ± 5%), half being randomized to dapagliflozin, with no significant baseline differences between groups. The reported drug compliance was 100%, with no major safety events. No statistically significant difference in HF events was found (p = 0.609). There was a 24% reduction in the number of patients in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III in the treatment group as opposed to a 15.8% increase in the control group (p = 0.004). Patients under dapagliflozin had a greater improvement in pVO2 (3.1 vs. 0.1 mL/kg/min, p = 0.030) and a greater reduction in NT-proBNP levels (−217.6 vs. 650.3 pg/mL, p = 0.007). Conclusion: Dapagliflozin was associated with a significant improvement in cardiopulmonary fitness at 6 months follow-up in non-diabetic HFrEF patients.
Working Memory Phenotypes in Early Multiple Sclerosis: Appraisal of Phenotype Frequency, Progression and Test Sensitivity
Authors: Clough Meaghan , Bartholomew Jade , White Owen B. , Fielding Joanne
Published: May 2022

Working memory (WM) impairments are common and debilitating symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS), often emerging early in the disease. Predominantly, WM impairments are considered in a binary manner, with patients considered either impaired or not based on a single test. However, WM is comprised of different activated subcomponents depending upon the type of information (auditory, visual) and integration requirements. As such, unique WM impairment phenotypes occur. We aimed to determine the most frequent WM phenotypes in early MS, how they progress and which WM test(s) provide the best measure of WM impairment. A total of 88 participants (63 early relapsing–remitting MS: RRMS, 25 healthy controls) completed five WM tests (visual–spatial, auditory, episodic, executive) as well as the symbol digit modalities test as a measure of processing speed. RRMS patients were followed-up for two years. Factors affecting WM (age/gender/intelligence/mood) and MS factors (disease duration/disability) were also evaluated. Some 61.9% of RRMS patients were impaired on at least one WM subcomponent. The most subcomponents impaired were visual,–spatial and auditory WM. The most common WM phenotypes were; (1) visual–spatial sketchpad + episodic buffer + phonological loop + central executive, (2) visual–spatial sketchpad + central executive. The test of visual–spatial WM provided the best diagnostic accuracy for detecting WM impairment and progression. The SDMT did not achieve diagnostic accuracy greater than chance. Although this may be unsurprising, given that the SDMT is a measure of cognitive processing speed in MS, this does highlight the limitation of the SDMT as a general screening tool for cognitive impairment in early MS.
Humanoid Robot Use in Cognitive Rehabilitation of Patients with Severe Brain Injury: A Pilot Study
Authors: Corallo Francesco , Maresca Giuseppa , Formica Caterina , Bonanno Lilla , Bramanti Alessia , Parasporo Nicholas , Giambò Fabio Mauro , De Cola Maria Cristina , Lo Buono Viviana
Published: May 2022

Severe acquired brain injury (SABI) is a major global public health problem and a source of disability. A major contributor to disability after SABI is limited access to multidisciplinary rehabilitation, despite evidence of sustained functional gains, improved quality of life, increased return to work, and reduced need for long-term care. Twelve patients with a diagnosis of SABI were enrolled and equally divided into two groups: experimental and control. Patients in both groups underwent intensive neurorehabilitation according to the severity of their disabilities (motor, psycho-cognitive, and sensory deficits). However, in the experimental group, the treatment was performed by using a humanoid robot. At baseline, the two groups differed significantly only in Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) scores. Results showed that the experimental treatment had a higher effect than the traditional one on quality of life and mood. In conclusion, this pilot study provides evidence of the possible effects of relational and cognitive stimulation in more severely brain-injured patients.
Ecological Momentary Assessment to Obtain Signal Processing Technology Preference in Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Hey Matthias , Hersbach Adam A. , Hocke Thomas , Mauger Stefan J. , Böhnke Britta , Mewes Alexander
Published: May 2022

Background: To assess the performance of cochlear implant users, speech comprehension benefits are generally measured in controlled sound room environments of the laboratory. For field-based assessment of preference, questionnaires are generally used. Since questionnaires are typically administered at the end of an experimental period, they can be inaccurate due to retrospective recall. An alternative known as ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has begun to be used for clinical research. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of using EMA to obtain in-the-moment responses from cochlear implant users describing their technology preference in specific acoustic listening situations. Methods: Over a two-week period, eleven adult cochlear implant users compared two listening programs containing different sound processing technologies during everyday take-home use. Their task was to compare and vote for their preferred program. Results: A total of 205 votes were collected from acoustic environments that were classified into six listening scenes. The analysis yielded different patterns of voting among the subjects. Two subjects had a consistent preference for one sound processing technology across all acoustic scenes, three subjects changed their preference based on the acoustic scene, and six subjects had no conclusive preference for either technology. Conclusion: Results show that EMA is suitable for quantifying real-world self-reported preference, showing inter-subject variability in different listening environments. However, there is uncertainty that patients will not provide sufficient spontaneous feedback. One improvement for future research is a participant forced prompt to improve response rates.
Cytokine Profiles as Potential Prognostic and Therapeutic Markers in SARS-CoV-2-Induced ARDS
Authors: Salton Francesco , Confalonieri Paola , Campisciano Giuseppina , Cifaldi Rossella , Rizzardi Clara , Generali Daniele , Pozzan Riccardo , Tavano Stefano , Bozzi Chiara , Lapadula Giulia , Meduri Gianfranco Umberto , Confalonieri Marco , Comar Manola , Lerda Selene , Ruaro Barbara
Published: May 2022

Background. Glucocorticoids (GCs) have been shown to reduce mortality and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in SARS-CoV-2-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It has been suggested that serum cytokines levels are markers of disease severity in ARDS, although there is only limited evidence of a relationship between the longitudinal cytokine profile and clinical outcomes in patients with SARS-CoV-2-induced ARDS treated with GC. Methods. We conducted a single-center observational study to investigate serial plasma cytokine levels in 17 patients supported with non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in order to compare the response in five patients who progressed to IMV versus 12 patients who continued with NIV alone. All patients received methylprednisolone 80 mg/day continuous infusion until clinical improvement. Results. The study groups were comparable at baseline. All patients survived. Although IL-6 was higher in the NIV group at baseline, several cytokines were significantly higher in the IMV group on day 7 (IL-6, IL-8, IL-9, G-CSF, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α) and 14 (IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, G-CSF, MIP-1α, RANTES). No significant differences were observed between groups on day 28. Conclusions. Patients in the IMV group had higher inflammation levels at intubation than the NIV group, which may indicate a higher resistance to glucocorticoids. Higher GC doses or a longer treatment duration in these patients might have allowed for a better control of inflammation and a better outcome. Further studies are required to define the prognostic value of cytokine patterns, in terms of both GC treatment tailoring and timely initiation of IMV.
Imaging-Guided Percutaneous Puncture and Embolization of Visceral Pseudoaneurysms: Feasibility and Outcomes
Authors: Carriero Serena , Lanza Carolina , Biondetti Pierpaolo , Renzulli Matteo , Bonelli Cristian , Piacentino Filippo , Fontana Federico , Venturini Massimo , Carrafiello Gianpaolo , Ierardi Anna Maria
Published: May 2022

Visceral artery pseudoaneurysms (VAPAs) are the most frequently diagnosed pseudoaneurysms (PSAs). PSAs can be asymptomatic or symptomatic. The aim of our study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous embolization of VAPAs performed on patients with an unfeasible trans-arterial approach. Fifteen patients with fifteen visceral PSAs, with a median dimension of 21 mm (IQR 20–24 mm), were retrospectively analyzed. No patients were suitable for trans-arterial catheterization and therefore a percutaneous approach was chosen. During percutaneous treatments, two embolic agents were used, either N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) (Glubran II, GEM Milan, Italy) mixed with Lipiodol (Lipiodol, Guerbet, France) or thrombin. The outcomes of this study were technical success, primary clinical success, and secondary clinical success. In our population the 15 PSA were located as follows: 2 in the left gastric artery, 1 in the right gastric artery, 3 in the right hepatic artery, 2 in a jejunal artery, 1 in left colic artery branch, 1 in a right colic artery branch, 1 in the gastroepiploic artery, 1 in the dorsal pancreatic artery, 1 in an ileocolic artery branch, 1 in an iliac artery branch, and 1 in a sigmoid artery branch. 80% of PSAs (12/15) were treated with a NBCA:lipiodol mixture and 20% of PSAs (3/15) were treated with thrombin. Technical, primary, and secondary clinical successes were obtained in 100% of the cases. No harmful or life-threatening complications were observed. Minor complications were registered in 26.6% (4/15) of the patients. Percutaneous embolization of visceral PSA is a safe and effective treatment and should be considered as an option when the endovascular approach is unsuccessful or unfeasible.
Three-Dimensional Finger Vein Recognition: A Novel Mirror-Based Imaging Device
Authors: Kauba Christof , Drahanský Martin , Nováková Marie , Uhl Andreas , Rydlo Štěpán
Published: May 2022

Finger vein recognition has evolved into a major biometric trait in recent years. Despite various improvements in recognition accuracy and usability, finger vein recognition is still far from being perfect as it suffers from low-contrast images and other imaging artefacts. Three-dimensional or multi-perspective finger vein recognition technology provides a way to tackle some of the current problems, especially finger misplacement and rotations. In this work we present a novel multi-perspective finger vein capturing device that is based on mirrors, in contrast to most of the existing devices, which are usually based on multiple cameras. This new device only uses a single camera, a single illumination module and several mirrors to capture the finger at different rotational angles. To derive the need for this new device, we at first summarise the state of the art in multi-perspective finger vein recognition and identify the potential problems and shortcomings of the current devices.
Deep Neural Network for Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Image Segmentation
Authors: Chen David , Bhopalwala Huzefa , Dewaswala Nakeya , Arunachalam Shivaram P. , Enayati Moein , Farahani Nasibeh Zanjirani , Pasupathy Kalyan , Lokineni Sravani , Bos J. Martijn , Noseworthy Peter A. , Arsanjani Reza , Erickson Bradley J. , Geske Jeffrey B. , Ackerman Michael J. , Araoz Philip A. , Arruda-Olson Adelaide M.
Published: May 2022

The analysis and interpretation of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) images are often time-consuming. The automated segmentation of cardiac structures can reduce the time required for image analysis. Spatial similarities between different CMR image types were leveraged to jointly segment multiple sequences using a segmentation model termed a multi-image type UNet (MI-UNet). This model was developed from 72 exams (46% female, mean age 63 ± 11 years) performed on patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The MI-UNet for steady-state free precession (SSFP) images achieved a superior Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.92 ± 0.06 compared to 0.87 ± 0.08 for a single-image type UNet (p < 0.001). The MI-UNet for late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) images also had a superior DSC of 0.86 ± 0.11 compared to 0.78 ± 0.11 for a single-image type UNet (p = 0.001). The difference across image types was most evident for the left ventricular myocardium in SSFP images and for both the left ventricular cavity and the left ventricular myocardium in LGE images. For the right ventricle, there were no differences in DCS when comparing the MI-UNet with single-image type UNets. The joint segmentation of multiple image types increases segmentation accuracy for CMR images of the left ventricle compared to single-image models. In clinical practice, the MI-UNet model may expedite the analysis and interpretation of CMR images of multiple types.
The Contribution of Small Modular Reactors to the Resilience of Power Supply
Authors: Di Maio Francesco , Bani Lorenzo , Zio Enrico
Published: May 2022

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the design, development and commercialization of nuclear power Small Modular Reactors (SMRs). Actual SMR designs cover the full spectrum of nuclear reactor technologies, including water-, gas-, liquid-metal-, and molten-salt-cooled. Despite physical and technological differences, SMRs share some relevant design features, such as small size, modularity, inherent and passive safety systems. These features are expected to enhance availability, recoverability, promptness and robustness, thereby contributing to the resilience of power supply. Thanks to the peculiar design features of SMRs, they are likely to satisfy a number of Functional Requirements (FRs) for this objective, namely: (i) low vulnerability to external hazards; (ii) natural circulation of primary coolant; (iii) prompt, unlimited and independent core cooling under shutdown conditions; (iv) shutdown avoidance in response to variations of the offsite power supply quality and electrical load; (v) island mode operation; (vi) robust load-following; (vii) independent, self-cranking start. These make advanced Nuclear Power Plants (aNPPs) comprised of SMRs perfect candidates to withstand a broader range of natural disruptions and to recover faster from them, compared to conventional Nuclear Power Plants (cNPPs), thus rendering them a major potential asset for guaranteeing resilience and security of power supply. The review focuses on Natural Technological (NaTech) events that impact a typical Integrated Energy System (IESs) within which SMRs are embedded: IESs are, indeed, being developed to integrate different power generation plants with gas facilities, through gas and electricity infrastructures, because they are expected to bring increased security and resilience of power supply, as shown in the qualitative case study presented.
Co-Occurrence Patterns of Ustilago nuda and Pyrenophora graminea and Fungicide Contribution to Yield Gain in Barley under Fluctuating Climatic Conditions in Serbia
Authors: Jevtić Radivoje , Župunski Vesna , Lalošević Mirjana , Brbaklić Ljiljana , Orbović Branka
Published: May 2022

The utilization of production systems with reduced chemical input renewed the interest in Ustilago nuda and Pyrenophora graminea. The investigations of seed fungicide treatments are more related to their efficacy than to their contribution to yield gain. The data were collected from research and development trials on fungicide efficacy against U. nuda and P. graminea conducted from 2014 to 2020 in Serbia. Partial least squares, multiple stepwise regression and best subset regression were used for statistical modeling. The total number of plants infected with U. nuda and P. graminea per plot differed significantly in the seven-year period. Shifts in the predominance of one pathogen over the other were also shown. Temperature, total rainfall and relative humidity in flowering time (p < 0.001) influenced the occurrence of both pathogens. The strongest impact on yield loss was observed for temperature in the phenological phases of leaf development (p = 0.014), temperature in flowering time (p < 0.001) and total number of plants infected with U. nuda and P. graminea per plot (p < 0.001). Our results indicated that regression models consisting of both biotic and abiotic factors were more precise in estimating regression coefficients. Neither fungicidal treatment had a stable contribution to yield gain in the seven-year period.
Cytochalasans from the Endophytic Fungus Phomopsis sp. shj2 and Their Antimigratory Activities
Authors: Yan Bing-Chao , Wang Wei-Guang , Kong Ling-Mei , Tang Jian-Wei , Du Xue , Li Yan , Puno Pema-Tenzin
Published: May 2022

Cytochalasans from the endophytic fungi featured structure diversity. Our previous study has disclosed that cytochalasans from the endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. shj2 exhibited an antimigratory effect. Further chemical investigation on Phomopsis sp. shj2 has led to the discovery of seven new cytochalasans (1–7), together with four known ones. Their structures were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic data interpretation and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 1–3 and 8–11 exhibited antimigratory effects against MDA-MB-231 in vitro with IC50 values in the range of 1.01−10.42 μM.
In Vitro Characterization and Identification of Potential Probiotic Yeasts Isolated from Fermented Dairy and Non-Dairy Food Products
Authors: Alkalbani Nadia S. , Osaili Tareq M. , Al-Nabulsi Anas A. , Obaid Reyad S. , Olaimat Amin N. , Liu Shao-Quan , Ayyash Mutamed M.
Published: May 2022

This study is about the isolation of yeast from fermented dairy and non-dairy products as well as the characterization of their survival in in vitro digestion conditions and tolerance to bile salts. Promising strains were selected to further investigate their probiotic properties, including cell surface properties (autoaggregation, hydrophobicity and coaggregation), physiological properties (adhesion to the HT-29 cell line and cholesterol lowering), antimicrobial activities, bile salt hydrolysis, exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing capability, heat resistance and resistance to six antibiotics. The selected yeast isolates demonstrated remarkable survivability in an acidic environment. The reduction caused by in vitro digestion conditions ranged from 0.7 to 2.1 Log10. Bile salt tolerance increased with the extension in the incubation period, which ranged from 69.2% to 91.1% after 24 h. The ability of the 12 selected isolates to remove cholesterol varied from 41.6% to 96.5%, and all yeast strains exhibited a capability to hydrolyse screened bile salts. All the selected isolates exhibited heat resistance, hydrophobicity, strong coaggregation, autoaggregation after 24 h, robust antimicrobial activity and EPS production. The ability to adhere to the HT-29 cell line was within an average of 6.3 Log10 CFU/mL after 2 h. Based on ITS/5.8S ribosomal DNA sequencing, 12 yeast isolates were identified as 1 strain for each Candidaalbicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and 10 strains for Pichia kudriavzevii.
Founding Family Ownership and Firm Performance: Some Evidence from the Italian Stock Market
Authors: Pierni Pierluigi , Montagna Dennis Marco , Maggi Mario
Published: May 2022

This study investigates the relationship between founding family ownership and firm performance in the Italian stock market. Making use of a precise definition of Founding family ownership factor, an empirical analysis on the stock monthly returns has been carried out, from an investor’s point of view facing an asset allocation problem. Portfolios built on the basis of the Founding family factor show superior returns with respect to both a benchmark index and a portfolio strategy based on alternative (non-family-owned) firms on the market. Furthermore, there is evidence that an active role of family in the company governance, at least in Italy, may be beneficial for the superior performance of the Founding family portfolio. The results may suggest that the Founding family feature deserves attention in asset allocation.
Urban Sensory Gardens with Aromatic Herbs in the Light of Climate Change: Therapeutic Potential and Memory-Dependent Smell Impact on Human Wellbeing
Authors: Krzeptowska-Moszkowicz Izabela , Moszkowicz Łukasz , Porada Karolina
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study was to analyze urban sensory gardens containing aromatic herbs in terms of the plants used in them. The analysis considered the impact of climate change, particularly of higher temperatures, which may affect the character of contemporary urban gardens. The study was planned primarily in the context of the gardens’ therapeutic significance to their users. An important part of the work was to analyze how particular aromatic plants are perceived and received by the inhabitants, using the example of one of Poland's largest cities, Kraków, to assess whether they can have an impact on the inhabitants’ positive memories and thus improve their well-being. Initially, the plant composition of gardens located in Poland that feature aromatic herbs was analyzed. This was followed by a survey and an analysis of therapeutic gardens using the Trojanowska method as modified by Krzeptowska-Moszkowicz et al. The plant composition analysis of sensory gardens featuring herbs demonstrated that vulnerable plants in the Central European climate are being introduced to urban sensory gardens. In terms of major aromatic plants, it was found that almost every respondent reported the existence of scents that had some form of essential significance associated with personal memories. Considering the important sensory impact of water elements in therapeutic gardens, as well as problems related to the acquisition of drinking water or water used in agriculture or horticulture, the paper also addresses this topic. It was found that the city dwellers who filled in the questionnaire strongly preferred the introduction of more ecological solutions in the gardens related to water use—to collect and use rainwater, e.g., for watering, instead of piped water.
Designing Policy Mixes to Address the World’s Worst Devastation of a Rural Landscape Caused by Xylella Epidemic
Authors: Lopolito Antonio , Sica Edgardo
Published: May 2022

The socio-economic consequences of the Xylella fastidiosa epidemic represent a global problem that can only be addressed through tailored, local solutions. The selection of public interventions is not a trivial task for policy makers, as they must weigh many different interests (e.g., private profit, ecosystem services, usability, preservation and growth of real estate value, amenities, and land protection). The present paper addresses this challenge by building participatory scenarios based on “fuzzy cognitive maps,” with the aim of identifying effective, acceptable, and efficient policy mixes to address the Xylella epidemic. The work investigates the case of southern Salento (Italy)–an olive production area at the epicentre of the global Xylella outbreak–to identify the most suitable actions for regenerating the landscape. To this end, the most efficient policy mixes are determined according to three possible policy perspectives, which provide different weights for effectiveness and acceptability. The results show that the proposed methodological approach may assist policy makers in coping with multifaceted policy challenges.
Sentence Prosody and Register Variation in Arabic
Authors: Hellmuth Sam
Published: May 2022

Diglossia in Arabic differs from bilingualism in functional differentiation and mode of acquisition of the two registers used by all speakers raised in an Arabic-speaking environment. The ‘low’ (L) regional spoken dialect is acquired naturally and used in daily life, but the ‘high’ (H) variety, Modern Standard Arabic, is learned and used in formal settings. Register variation between the two ends of this H–L continuum is ubiquitous in everyday interaction, such that authors have proposed distinct intermediate register levels, despite evidence of mixing of H and L features, within and between utterances, at all linguistic levels. The role of sentence prosody in register variation in Arabic is uninvestigated to date. The present study examines three variables (F0 variation, intonational choices and post-lexical utterance-final laryngealization) in 400+ turns at talk produced by one speaker of San’ani Arabic in a 20 min sociolinguistic interview, coded for register on three levels: formal (fusħa), ‘middle’ (wusṭaː) and dialect (ʕaːmijja). The results reveal a picture of key shared features across all register levels, alongside distinct properties which serve to differentiate the registers at each end of the continuum, at least some of which appear to be under the speaker’s control.
Derivational Relators in Italian
Authors: Franco Ludovico , Lorusso Paolo
Published: May 2022

The present paper addresses the categorial content of affixes forming a set of denominal adjectives in Italian, arguing that they are substantially the derivational counterpart of oblique case/adpositions. Specifically, we argue that they act as elementary relators, following Manzini and Franco, who characterized oblique cases and prepositions as general relators expressing the relations is-included (⊆)/includes (⊇), or, in other words, their content is what Belvin and den Dikken dubbed “zonal inclusion”.
Role of SaPCR2 in Zn Uptake in the Root Elongation Zone of the Zn/Cd Hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii
Authors: Ge Jun , Lin Jiayu , Wu Zhiying , Xu Kuan , Tao Jingyu , Lin Haizhong , Tian Shengke , Lu Lingli
Published: May 2022

Zn pollution is a potential toxicant for agriculture and the environment. Sedum alfredii is a Zn/Cd hyperaccumulator found in China and has been proven as a useful resource for the phytoremediation of Zn-contaminated sites. However, the molecular mechanism of Zn uptake in S. alfredii is limited. In this study, the function of SaPCR2 on Zn uptake in S. alfredii was identified by gene expression analysis, yeast function assays, Zn accumulation and root morphology analysis in transgenic lines to further elucidate the mechanisms of uptake and translocation of Zn in S. alfredii. The results showed that SaPCR2 was highly expressed in the root elongation zone of the hyperaccumulating ecotype (HE) S. alfredii, and high Zn exposure downregulated the expression of SaPCR2 in the HE S. alfredii root. The heterologous expression of SaPCR2 in yeast suggested that SaPCR2 was responsible for Zn influx. The overexpression of SaPCR2 in the non-hyperaccumulating ecotype (NHE) S. alfredii significantly increased the root uptake of Zn, but did not influence Mn, Cu or Fe. SR-μ-XRF technology showed that more Zn was distributed in the vascular buddle tissues, as well as in the cortex and epidermis in the transgenic lines. Root morphology was also altered after SaPCR2 overexpression, and a severe inhibition was observed. In the transgenic lines, the meristematic and elongation zones of the root were lower compared to the WT, and Zn accumulation in meristem cells was also reduced. These results indicate that SaPCR2 is responsible for Zn uptake, and mainly functions in the root elongation zone. This research on SaPCR2 could provide a theoretical basis for the use of genetic engineering technology in the modification of crops for their safe production and biological enhancement.
Ginseng® Alleviates Malathion-Induced Hepatorenal Injury through Modulation of the Biochemical, Antioxidant, Anti-Apoptotic, and Anti-Inflammatory Markers in Male Rats
Authors: Ghamry Heba I. , Aboushouk Asmaa A. , Soliman Mohamed Mohamed , Albogami Sarah M. , Tohamy Hossam G. , Okle Osama S. El , Althobaiti Saed A. , Rezk Shaymaa , Farrag Foad , Helal Azza I. , Ghoneim Hanan A. , Shukry Mustafa
Published: May 2022

This study aims to see if Ginseng® can reduce the hepatorenal damage caused by malathion. Four groups of forty male Wistar albino rats were alienated. Group 1 was a control group that got orally supplied corn oil (vehicle). Group 2 was intoxicated by malathion dissolved in corn oil orally at 135 mg/kg/day. Group 3 orally received both malathion + Panax Ginseng® (300 mg/kg/day). Group 4 was orally given Panax Ginseng® at a 300 mg/kg/day dose. Treatments were administered daily and continued for up to 30 consecutive days. Malathion’s toxic effect on both hepatic and renal tissues was revealed by a considerable loss in body weight and biochemically by a marked increase in liver enzymes, LDH, ACP, cholesterol, and functional renal markers with a marked decrease in serum TP, albumin, and TG levels with decreased AchE and Paraoxonase activity. Additionally, malondialdehydes, nitric oxide (nitrite), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, and TNFα with a significant drop in the antioxidant activities were reported in the malathion group. Malathion upregulated the inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic genes, while Nrf2, Bcl2, and HO-1 were downregulated. Ginseng® and malathion co-treatment reduced malathion’s harmful effects by restoring metabolic indicators, enhancing antioxidant pursuit, lowering the inflammatory reaction, and alleviating pathological alterations. So, Ginseng® may have protective effects against hepatic and renal malathion-induced toxicity on biochemical, antioxidant, molecular, and cell levels.
Thermal Analysis Based on Dynamic Performance of Rocker Arm Full-Type Needle Bearings
Authors: Zhang Guangtao , Su Bing , Liu Fengbo , Zhang Wenhu , Yang Haisheng
Published: May 2022

Based on a dynamic analysis of rolling bearings, the equations for rocker arm full-type needle bearings were established by considering the traction coefficients of FVA-M reference lubricating oil, and then they were solved by the GSTIFF (Gear Stiff) integer algorithm with variable steps. The influence of working conditions on friction power consumption and the lubricant’s convective coefficients were investigated. Then, on the basis of the heat generation and heat transfer mechanisms, the frictional power consumption was used as the boundary condition of the bearings’ simulation model. Finally, temperature fields were calculated by the finite element method. The results showed that the overall value of frictional power consumption increased gradually with the increase in either the radial load or the rotation speed. The presence or absence of lubricating oil film in the contact area affected the heat conduction of the bearing, resulting in a temperature difference. Compared with the temperature of the radial load exerted on the bearing, the maximum temperature was more sensitive to the variations in the rotation speed. When running under the conditions of a fatigue life test, the steady-state temperature value of the bearing gradually decreased from the outer raceway to the needle roller and the outer ring surface, and then to the central shaft. The maximum temperature rise was 25.9 °C relative to the ambient temperature.
Cationic Polyelectrolytes Containing Perfluorinated Groups: Synthesis and Self-Assembly Properties in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Didaskalou Periklis , Kafetzi Martha , Pispas Stergios
Published: May 2022

In this work, the synthesis and solution self-assembly of partially fluorinated cationic polyelectrolytes based on post-polymerization-modified poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate), incorporating hydrophobic fluorinated groups along the polymer chain, is reported. The post-polymerization modification aims to establish amphiphilic characteristics and strong polyelectrolyte properties to the polymer. Therefore, the self-organization characteristics in aqueous media are expected to be affected. The poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) homopolymer precursor is synthesized using RAFT polymerization. A quaternization reaction on the amine side groups using heptadecafluoro-10-iododecane results in the poly((2-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate-co-quaternized heptadecafluoro-10-iododecane (2-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate) (PQFD) amphiphilic statistical copolymers. We intentionally study statistical copolymers in our research of DMAEMA-based polyelectrolytes as there are not many studies about such materials. We have also chosen the incorporation of highly hydrophobic perfluorinated groups to study the changes in the solution properties of the initial hydrophilic homopolymer. The successful synthesis is supported by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), 1H-NMR, and FTIR experiments. The self-assembly of the copolymers in aqueous solutions along with the dependence of the properties of the resulting aggregates on the pH, temperature, and ionic strength of the solution are studied using light scattering methods (DLS, ELS) and fluorescence spectroscopy (FS). The structural characteristics of the aggregates depend on composition, solution preparation protocol and solution pH, and temperature.
A New Look at the Initial Condition Problem
Authors: Ortigueira Manuel D.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, some myths associated to the initial condition problem are studied and demystified. It is shown that the initial conditions provided by the one-sided Laplace transform are not those required for Riemann-Liouville and Caputo derivatives. The problem is studied and solved with generality as well as applied to continuous-time fractional autoregressive-moving average systems.
Multicriteria Analytical Model for Mechanical Integrity Prognostics of Reactor Pressure Vessels Manufactured from Forged and Rolled Steels
Authors: Rodríguez-Prieto Alvaro , Callejas Manuel , Primera Ernesto , Lomonaco Guglielmo , Camacho Ana María
Published: May 2022

The aim of this work is to present a new analytical model to evaluate jointly the mechanical integrity and the fitness-for-service of nuclear reactor pressure-vessels steels. This new methodology integrates a robust and regulated irradiation embrittlement prediction model such as the ASTM E-900 with the ASME Fitness-for-Service code used widely in other demanding industries, such as oil and gas, to evaluate, among others, the risk of experiencing degradation mechanisms such as the brittle fracture (generated, in this case, due to the irradiation embrittlement). This multicriteria analytical model, which is based on a new formulation of the brittle fracture criterion, allows an adequate prediction of the irradiation effect on the fracture toughness of reactor pressure-vessel steels, letting us jointly evaluate the mechanical integrity and the fitness-for-service of the vessel by using standardized limit conditions. This allows making decisions during the design, manufacturing and in-service of reactor pressure vessels. The results obtained by the application of the methodology are coherent with several historical experimental works.
Fast Summarization of Long Time Series with Graphics Processor
Authors: Zymbler Mikhail , Goglachev Andrey
Published: May 2022

Summarization of a long time series often occurs in analytical applications related to decision-making, modeling, planning, and so on. Informally, summarization aims at discovering a small-sized set of typical patterns (subsequences) to briefly represent the long time series. Apparent approaches to summarization like motifs, shapelets, cluster centroids, and so on, either require training data or do not provide an analyst with information regarding the fraction of the time series that a typical subsequence found corresponds to. Recently introduced, the time series snippet concept overcomes the above-mentioned limitations. A snippet is a subsequence that is similar to many other subsequences of the time series with respect to a specially defined similarity measure based on the Euclidean distance. However, the original Snippet-Finder algorithm has cubic time complexity concerning the lengths of the time series and the snippet. In this article, we propose the PSF (Parallel Snippet-Finder) algorithm that accelerates the original snippet discovery schema with GPU and ensures acceptable performance over very long time series. As opposed to the original algorithm, PSF splits the calculation of the similarity of all the time series subsequences to a snippet into several steps, each of which is performed in parallel. Experimental evaluation over real-world time series shows that PSF outruns both the original algorithm and a straightforward parallelization.
RST Digital Robust Control for DC/DC Buck Converter Feeding Constant Power Load
Authors: Abdurraqeeb Akram M. , Al-Shamma’a Abdullrahman A. , Alkuhayli Abdulaziz , Noman Abdullah M. , Addoweesh Khaled E.
Published: May 2022

The instability of DC microgrids is the most prominent problem that limits the expansion of their use, and one of the most important causes of instability is constant power load CPLs. In this paper, a robust RST digital feedback controller is proposed to overcome the instability issues caused by the negative-resistance effect of CPLs and to improve robustness against the perturbations of power load and input voltage fluctuations, as well as to achieve a good tracking performance. To develop the proposed controller, it is necessary to first identify the dynamic model of the DC/DC buck converter with CPL. Second, based on the pole placement and sensitivity function shaping technique, a controller is designed and applied to the buck converter system. Then, validation of the proposed controller using Matlab/Simulink was achieved. Finally, the experimental validation of the RST controller was performed on a DC/DC buck converter with CPL using a real-time Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL). The OPAL-RT OP4510 RCP/HIL and dSPACE DS1104 controller board are used to model the DC/DC buck converter and to implement the suggested RST controller, respectively. The simulation and HIL experimental results indicate that the suggested RST controller has high efficiency.
A Note on the Strong Predictable Representation Property and Enlargement of Filtration
Authors: Calzolari Antonella , Torti Barbara
Published: May 2022

The strong predictable representation property of semi-martingales and the notion of enlargement of filtration meet naturally in modeling financial markets, and theoretical problems arise. Here, first, we illustrate some of them through classical examples. Then, we review recent results obtained by studying predictable martingale representations for filtrations enlarged by means of a full process, possibly with accessible components in its jump times. The emphasis is on the non-uniqueness of the martingale enjoying the strong predictable representation property with respect to the same enlarged filtration.
Solving Multi-Group Reflected Spherical Reactor System of Equations Using the Homotopy Perturbation Method
Authors: Shqair Mohammad , Farrag Emad A. M. , Al-Smadi Mohammed
Published: May 2022

The solution of the complex neutron diffusion equations system of equations in a spherical nuclear reactor is presented using the homotopy perturbation method (HPM); the HPM is a remarkable approximation method that successfully solves different systems of diffusion equations, and in this work, the system is solved for the first time using the approximation method. The considered system of neutron diffusion equations consists of two consistent subsystems, where the first studies the reactor and the multi-group subsystem of equations in the reactor core, and the other studies the multi-group subsystem of equations in the reactor reflector; each subsystem can deal with any finite number of neutron energy groups. The system is simplified numerically to a one-group bare and reflected reactor, which is compared with the modified differential transform method; a two-group bare reactor, which is compared with the residual power series method; a two-group reflected reactor, which is compared with the classical method; and a four-group bare reactor compared with the residual power series.
Robust Nonsmooth Interval-Valued Optimization Problems Involving Uncertainty Constraints
Authors: Jaichander Rekha R. , Ahmad Izhar , Kummari Krishna , Al-Homidan Suliman
Published: May 2022

In this paper, Karush-Kuhn-Tucker type robust necessary optimality conditions for a robust nonsmooth interval-valued optimization problem (UCIVOP) are formulated using the concept of LU-optimal solution and the generalized robust Slater constraint qualification (GRSCQ). These Karush-Kuhn-Tucker type robust necessary conditions are shown to be sufficient optimality conditions under generalized convexity. The Wolfe and Mond-Weir type robust dual problems are formulated over cones using generalized convexity assumptions, and usual duality results are established. The presented results are illustrated by non-trivial examples.
Prevention of Compression Fracture in Osteoporosis Patients under Minimally Invasive Trans-Foraminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion with Assistance of Bone-Mounted Robotic System in Two-Level Degenerative Lumbar Disease
Authors: Su Hui-Yuan , Ko Huey-Jiun , Su Yu-Feng , Lieu Ann-Shung , Lin Chih-Lung , Chang Chih-Hui , Tsai Tai-Hsin , Tsai Cheng-Yu
Published: May 2022

Background and Objectives: Minimally invasive spine surgery reduces destruction of the paraspinal musculature and improves spinal stability. Nevertheless, screw loosening remains a challenging issue in osteoporosis patients receiving spinal fixation and fusion surgery. Moreover, adjacent vertebral compression fracture is a major complication, particularly in patients with osteoporosis. We assessed long-term imaging results to investigate the outcomes of osteoporosis patients with two-level degenerative spine disease receiving minimally invasive surgery with the assistance of a robotic system. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed consecutive osteoporosis patients who underwent minimally invasive surgery with the assistance of a robotic system at our institution during 2013–2016. All patients were diagnosed with osteoporosis according to the World Health Organization criteria. All patients were diagnosed with two levels of spinal degenerative disease, including L34, L45, or L5S1. The study endpoints included screw-loosening condition, cage fusion, and vertebral body heights of the adjacent, first fixation segment, and second fixation segments before and after surgery, including the anterior, middle, and posterior third parts of the vertebral body. Differences in vertebral body heights before and after surgery were evaluated using the F-test. Results: Nineteen consecutive osteoporosis patients were analyzed. A lower rate of screw loosening was observed in osteoporosis patients in our study. There were no significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative vertebral body heights, including adjacent and fixation segments. Conclusions: According to our retrospective study, we report that minimally invasive surgery with the assistance of a robotic system provided better screw fixation, a lower rate of screw loosening, and a lesser extent of vertebral compression fracture after spinal fixation and fusion surgery in osteoporosis patients.
Cataract Surgery after Radial Keratotomy with Non-Diffractive Extended Depth of Focus Lens Implantation
Authors: Dołowiec-Kwapisz Anna , Misiuk-Hojło Marta , Piotrowska Halina
Published: May 2022

Radial keratotomy was a popular surgical procedure used to treat myopia. Patients who underwent radial keratotomy several years ago, are currently reporting to the ophthalmologist due to worsening of vision associated with age-related cataracts. In this case report we present a case of a 60-year-old woman who underwent radial keratotomy with 16 incisions in the right eye and 12 incisions in the left eye. The patient reported to an ophthalmologist due to a deterioration of vision caused by a cataract. We described, in detail, the difficulties encountered during the diagnostic procedures, differences in the calculation of intraocular lens, and intraoperative difficulties as compared to patients who had not undergone radial keratotomy. We also present the obtained postoperative results.
Water Treatment Process
Authors: Bucs Szilárd S. , Farhat Nadia , Fortunato Luca
Published: May 2022

Water scarcity is the main factor driving the enhancement of available technologies and the development of new technologies [...]
Fractionation of Transition Metals by Solvent Extraction and Precipitation from Tannic Acid-Acetic Acid Leachate as a Product of Lithium-Ion Battery Leaching
Authors: Prasetyo Erik , Anderson Corby , Jaya Arya , Muryanta Widya , Handoko Anton , Amin Muhammad , Al Muttaqii Muhammad , Bahfie Fathan
Published: May 2022

Solvent extraction and precipitation schemes are applied to isolate copper, cobalt, manganese and nickel from leachate, produced from spent lithium-ion battery leaching using tannic acid-acetic acid as lixiviant. The metal separation and purification were developed based on a ketoxime (LIX® 84-I) and a phosphinic acid (Cyanex® 272) extraction system. Aside from the leachate’s initial pH, which dictates the metal isolation flowsheet, other parameters affecting metal extraction rate, such as phase ratio, extractant concentration, and acid stripping will be evaluated. Copper was selectively removed from leachate at pH 3, using LIX® 84-I 10% v/v followed by cobalt and manganese co-extraction from the raffinate using Cyanex® 272 10% v/v at pH 5. After both metals were stripped using sulfuric acid 0.2 M, manganese was quantitatively precipitated out from the strip solution using potassium permanganate or sodium hypochlorite. Nickel was isolated using LIX® 84-I from raffinate at pH 5, producing a lithium- rich solution for further treatment. No third phase was formed during the extraction, and sulfuric acid was proved suitable for organic phase regeneration.
Atomistic Investigation on the Strengthening Mechanism of Single Crystal Ni-Based Superalloy under Complex Stress States
Authors: Xie Bin , Wang Xinyu , Fan Yongsheng , Li Ruizhi
Published: May 2022

Single crystal Ni-based superalloy, with excellent mechanical properties in high temperature, always works under complex stress states, including multiaxial tension and compression, which results in various strengthening mechanisms. In this paper, the atomistic simulation is applied to investigate the microstructure evolution under complex mechanical loading conditions, including uniaxial, equibiaxial, and non-equibiaxial tensile–compressive loadings. By comparison of the strain–stress curves and analysis of dislocation motion, it is believed that the tension promotes the bowing out of dislocations into the channel at loading direction, while compression limits it. Moreover, the dislocation analysis shows that the initial dislocation network, comprised of Lomer dislocations, will dissociate to form Lomer–Cottrell lock upon loading, which acts as a barrier to the further glide of dislocations. The mechanism of dislocation evolution is analyzed in detail by combining Schmid factor analysis and the comparison of energy density difference between γ and γ′ phases.