bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of export and import of agricultural industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Alzhanova Aigul , Mergenbayeva Aziza , Abdikerimova Gulzhanar , Kulanova Darikul , Seidakhmetov Marat
Published: January 2024

This article helps to assess the problem of food security in the Republic of Kazakhstan based on the obtainable resources of the agro-industrial complex and statistical data on export and import of products. The publication considers the problem of ensuring the connection between productivity and export opportunities, as well as the need to take into account the import component to ensure the economic growth of the country. In the article, special attention is paid to the indicators established in the national project for the development of the agro-industrial complex in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2021-2025 and the preliminary results of its implementation. Since there are no clear ways to ensure food safety, we believe that this issue requires a deeper study. The publication proposes measures to ensure this and evaluates their effectiveness. 1 Introduction
Thermoelectric climate control systems for agro-industrial facilities with non-linear control of Peltier modules
Authors: Kuzichkin Oleg , Surzhik Dmitriy , Vasilyev Gleb
Published: January 2024

A promising direction in solving the problem of energy saving at agribusiness facilities is the use of an integrated approach - the principle of trigeneration, in which thermal energy is generated based on the thermoelectric method, which involves the use of special modules from thermoelements based on the Peltier effect. On the basis of this method, a climate control system for agro-industrial complex objects has been developed, represented by a block diagram and an equivalent functional model. To assess its compliance with a certain quality of the control process during the transition of the system to a new operating mode, a comparative analysis of the use of linear and nonlinear control algorithms for thermoelectric modules was carried out. In this case, the nonlinearities were set by two saturation links corresponding to the Saturation blocks in the MatLAB Simulink environment. With the help of the developed models, a study was made of the operation of the proposed climate control system in the time domain for the studied control modes of thermoelectric modules at different values of saturation blocks, according to the results of which it was found that the use of nonlinear control can reduce the time of transients, dynamic control error and oscillation, which unattainable using traditional linear algorithms.
Effect of curing temperature on the mechanical properties of coconut shell nano carbon reinforced composites with epoxy matrix
Authors: Iwan Petrus , Puja I. Gusti Ketut
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to examine the role of curing temperatures at 40, 60, and 80 degrees Celsius with an ageing time of 1.5 hours on the tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and ductility value of coconut shell nanocarbon-reinforced composite materials. The nanocarbon uses a top-down approach with high-energy milling (HEM). This study found that adding coconut shell nano carbon increased the tensile strength by 4.6% from 46 MPa, but the ductility value decreased to 4.2% from 5.28 kJ/m2. The curing treatment of nanocarbon composite gives the effect of increasing the tensile strength by 19.7% to 57.5 MPa, the modulus of elasticity increase by around 16.7%, becoming 3.80 GPa and the ductility value increase by 84% to 9.30 kJ/m2, that occurs at 80 degrees Celsius temperatures. The curing treatment of epoxy resin gives the effect of increasing the tensile strength by 20% to become 55,2 MPa, the modulus of elasticity growth around 10,5% from 2,96 GPa and the ductility value 11% of 5,28 kJ/m2, that occurs at 80 Celsius degrees temperatures.
Transparent carbon capture and storage using blockchain technology
Authors: Aristia Gabriela , Salehin Khondaker
Published: January 2024

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is one of the important initiatives widely used across different industries in reducing atmospheric carbon emissions, which is an essential environmental goal outlined in Sustainable Development Goal 13 (SDG 13) in 2015. In an effort to mitigate carbon-emission problem, CCS extracts (i.e., captures and compresses) and storesCO2from industrial by-products as an alternative to releasing it directly into the atmosphere. CCS presents opportunities for the capturedCO2to immediate utilization or to be stored at adjacent facilities for future utilization in different industrial productions. Despite its potential in reducing carbon emissions, its effectiveness and possible economic incentivization are unknown due to a lack of transparency in tracking the quantitative output concerning carbon reduction at different stages of CCS activities (capture, transportation, and storage) currently deployed in different industrial plants. In this paper, we propose an enhanced CCS for recording and tracking the quantitative output of CCS activities using blockchain (i.e., a distributed-ledger) technology that promotes transparency among stakeholders, e.g., government, regulatory body, technical experts, and general public, and facilitates rewards toward effective carbon-emission reductions. Although blockchain is a promising technology that can increase the efficiency of CCS, we also identify a few future challenges, such as data privacy and scalability, that have to be taken into account toward implementing the proposed architecture.
Investigation of Eichhornia crassipes as a natural fibre in PMC for noise controller
Authors: Nawanti Paulina Dwi , Erwandha Dionisius Brian Deva , Setyahandana Budi , Ekaputra I.M.W.
Published: January 2024

This paper investigated the Eichhornia crassipes as fibers in polymer matrix composite (PMC) for sound absorption. The polyester resin R-108 was mixed with the fibers with the variation percentage. The fibers were varied with three different variations: 20%, 25%, and 30%. The Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide catalyst was added to accelerate the solidification. The sound absorption experiment used a simple insulated box with a sound level meter. After the experiment, the noise absorption coefficient (NAC) result was calculated and analyzed. The maximum noise absorption was obtained at 25% of fibers, indicated by the NAC value of 0.384. In addition, the tensile strength was also obtained for the supplementary data for this study.
A method for assessing green value chain readiness
Authors: Gunawan Ivan , Trihastuti Dian , Hartanti Lusia Permata Sari , Hutomo Ivan Keane
Published: January 2024

Sustainable industrialization is the 9th goal of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agreed by the United Nations. Green business practice is a fundamental concept that is important for the realization of sustainable industrialization. In a business practice, there is a value chain involved. The value chain is a series of activities to increase the added value of products/services so that the business practice has a competitive advantage. The first initiative towards green business is to conduct a descriptive and diagnostic analysis of the readiness of each activity in the value chain to become green. A suitable method is needed to perform accurate descriptive and diagnostic research. This article proposes a technique for measuring the readiness of the green value chain. The measure green value chain readiness method will use STEER (Sociocultural, Technological, Economic, Ecological, and Regulatory) as the measurement dimension. STEER has been widely used for macro analysis in business investment. The proposed method captures the existing condition of a business through the green readiness of each activity in the value chain. This measurement method is built through a literature review and uses a questionnaire as a data collection tool. Simple mathematical equations will be involved in indicating the level of readiness. The measurement results with the proposed method can map the green readiness of each activity in the value chain so that the company can start an initiative for a green strategy to become a sustainable industry.
Solar power control system on smart green home
Authors: Putra David Adhi Supriyanto , Harini Bernadeta Wuri , Putri Regina Chelinia Erianda , Mardikus Stefan , Prabowo Petrus Setyo
Published: January 2024

The need for fossil fuel electricity usage is increasing every year. If used for a long period of time, it will eventually run out. To reduce the use of fossil fuel energy, other alternatives are needed to maintain the availability of natural resources, one of which is by utilizing renewable energy. Utilization of solar power as an electrical energy source using photovoltaic panels. In its application, a solar power plant requires a controller that can regulate the energy produced. This controller is responsible for regulating the process of selecting the battery to be used. The working principle of this device is that when the battery reaches the minimum voltage threshold, the battery usage will be diverted to another battery with a voltage above the minimum threshold. The results of the research show that the system is capable of performing switching processes well using the smart switching method with a 100% success rate. The system uses an INA219 sensor for reading voltage and current from the battery. This research uses a 10-watt DC lamp, 20-watt DC lamp, and 30-watt DC lamp as loads. The battery can last for 4,8 hours by using a 10-watt DC lamp as a load, 2,4 hours by using 20-watt DC lamps as a load, and 1,6 hours by using 30-watt DC lamp as a load.
An experimental investigation on CCFL characteristics during gas/low surface tension liquid counter-current two-phase flow in a small-scaling PWR hot leg typical geometry
Authors: Astyanto Achilleus Hermawan , Saleh Dede Rafico , Indarto  , Deendarlianto
Published: January 2024

A sharp increase in world energy demands which further results in another large progress in the development of nuclear energy establishes comprehensive developments on corresponding mitigation studies. Therefore, as a scenario of accident called LOCA is fundamentally considered, the related phenomena, i.e., the counter-current flow followed by flooding in the primary circuit of PWR, is of a great importance. The present work investigates characteristics of the flooding during a pair of gas/low surface tension liquid counter-current two-phase flow in a complex conduit representing a down-scaled of PWR hot leg typical geometry. Visual observations were obviously carried out to observe the flow phenomenology, while flow parameters were frequently varied. A typical result reveals that the gas flow rate to initiate the flooding decreases with the increase of liquid flow rate. Moreover, exhibiting locations of the onset called locus, a front flooding tends to occur during relatively low liquid flow rates while the higher liquid flow rates exhibit another flooding namely rear flooding. Accordingly, the present investigation provides a package of valuable information on a particular understanding towards the flooding characteristics to overcome the efforts on promoting safety managements on the operation of nuclear power plants..
Nutrition control in nutrient film technique hydroponic system using fuzzy method
Authors: Primawan Augustinus B. , Kusuma Novadi D.L.
Published: January 2024

Hydroponics is a method of growing crops without using soil media, instead, it utilizes water or other porous materials. The automation system is applied to control the nutrient quality of the water. Some sensors were used for measuring nutrient concentration, water level, water supply, and water volume. Temperature, TDS, and ultrasonic sensors are installed on the microcontroller for data measurement. The results of the data are processed using the Mamdani fuzzy logic method. The fuzzy logic results are used in controlling nutrition and water volume. The system can be monitored remotely with the aid of the Blynk app. The results of the automation system concluded that the desired condition reaches an average time of 13 minutes 49 seconds. Finally, the results of the fuzzy logic processing of the system have an accuracy value of 94.24% after being compared with the software simulation.
The inhibitive effect of vitamin B2, B6 and vitamin C on the cooper corrosion
Authors: Pranjoto Hartono , Anggorowati Adriana Anteng , Joewono Andrew , Suratno Lourentius , Candra Adi
Published: January 2024

Corrosion of copper (Cu) in sodium chloride (NaCl) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) can be inhibited by using inhibitors of vitamins B2, B6 and Vitamin C. The concentration of each vitamin varies between 400 – 1.100 ppm. The copper used is type Cu-OF/CW008A measuring 5 cm x 5 cm x 0.5 cm. The concentration of NaCl solution used as a corrosion medium is 30,000 ppm and 0.4 M HCl concentration. The corrosion process is carried out within 6 – 12 days. The calculation of the corrosion rate on Cu was carried out using the gravimetric method. The corrosion rate in acidic media (HCl) is greater than in neutral NaCl media. This phenomenon happens as the H+ ions in HCl acid is receptive to electrons from the oxidized Cu metal. The vitamin inhibitor layer on the surface of the Cu metal reduces the contact between the Cu metal and the corrosion medium, so that the interaction of H+ ions in the corrosion medium with the Cu surface is inhibited. Vitamin C can have multiple functions, at certain concentrations it can function as an inhibitor but if the concentration is enlarged it functions as an activator.
Utilization of used oil waste for boiler energy source
Authors: Pribadi Akbar , Setiyani Theresia Prima Ari , Tjendro  , Setyahandana Budi , Martanto
Published: January 2024

Oil is one type of lubricating oil whose usage is increasing every year. The increase in oil usage automatically leads to an increase in waste generated. Used oil waste falls into the category of hazardous and toxic waste that requires special handling and processing. Used oil waste can be utilized as a valuable energy source with high economic value. The used oil waste to be utilized in this research serves as an energy source for the boiler. This research will consist of three main plant components: the Burner, plasma burner, and boiler. The used oil waste will be used as the primary fuel without any mixture for combustion. The waste oil will be heated in a spiral pipe to reach its boiling point, generating combustible gas steam. This flame energy source will be processed in the plasma burner to increase the flame pressure for boiler combustion. Control of the burner tank will be automated, making it easier for operators to manage the availability of burner fuel. Sensors will read the levels in burner tanks 1 and 2 to control the on-off operation of the oil pump. The values obtained by the sensor will be displayed on an LCD screen and can be monitored remotely using an IoT system. These values will be sent to the operator's smartphone to determine when it's time to refill the waste oil fuel tank.
Antibacterial properties of enzymatically treated PET fibers functionalized by nitric oxide
Authors: Puspitasari Nathania , Lee Cheng-Kang , Liu Chia-Tzu
Published: January 2024

At present, microbes have enormous potential to become a major global public health issue. For example, Escherichia coli is the prominent cause of cholecystitis, urinary tract infections, and other infections. Due to its outstanding antibacterial properties, nitric oxide (NO) is essential for biological processes. Additionally, enzymatic hydrolysis using polyethylene terephthalate hydrolase (PETase) is one of the promising methods for PET upcycling. First, recombinant PETase was used to enzymatically treat waste PET fibers, and polyethylenimine (PEI) was added as a secondary amine donor. Subsequently, the aminated PET fiber was inserted into a reactor charged with NO gas (10 atm, 3 days) to obtain N-diazeniumdiolate (NONOate) products that can inhibit bacteria growth. In this study, the first strategy for antibacterial applications by NO-releasing PETase-hydrolyzed PET fibers was demonstrated. NO-conjugated PET fibers were successfully prepared which exhibits a continuous NO release profile over 12 h. The surface properties of functionalized PET fibers were successfully confirmed by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Griess assay. The antibacterial test indicated a reduction of Escherichia coli by 90.2% and Staphylococcus aureus by 71.1% after exposure to the functionalized material. Therefore, this novel antibacterial agent may offer great potential applications in the medical field.
Optimization of pyroliysis of polypropylene and polyethylene based plastic waste become an alternative oil fuel using bentonite catalyst
Authors: Desnia Eunike , Rosie Edwand , Hartono Sandy Budi , Simanullang Wiyanti Fransisca , Anggorowati Adriana Anteng , Lourentius Suratno
Published: January 2024

The conversion is accomplished by pyrolyzing plastic bag waste at relatively low temperatures, around 50-225OC, and using a bentonite catalyst. The four products are alternative oils consisting of gasoline, kerosene, diesel, and non-condensable gas. The pyrolysis procedure is as follows: (a). 3 kg of chopped plastic waste mixed with a mass fraction of bentonite catalyst of around 0.035-0.0125 of the weight of plastic waste and then put into the pyrolysator; (b). the pyrolysator is heated with 1.5 kg of liquid petroleum gas (LPG) for 2-3 hours at a temperature ranging from 50-225oC; (c). pyrolysis results are stored separately in 3 pots: gasoline, kerosene, and diesel; (d). to clarify pyrolysis results by adsorption using a sand filter. The variables studied were the polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) plastic materials type and the effect of the mass fraction of bentonite catalyst ranging from 0.035 to 0.125. The research obtained relatively good results as follows. Pyrolysis of 3 kg of PP plastic waste with the mass fraction catalyst of 0.100 yielded 44.00% alternative gasoline, 10.76% alternative kerosene, 21.07% alternative diesel, and the remaining non-condensable gases. The flash (ASTM D7094) points of alternative gasoline, alternative kerosene, and alternative diesel are 84˚C, 68˚C, and 100˚C, respectively. The calorific value of each fuel product is 10,970 cal/g for alternative gasoline, 10,965 cal/g for alternative kerosene, and 10,816 cal/g for alternative diesel. In addition, the pyrolysis of PE plastic waste with the mass fraction of catalyt of 0.100 produced a yield of 27.65% for alternative gasoline, 17.11% for alternative kerosene, and 43.79% for alternative diesel, and the remaining was non-condensable gases. The respective flash points (ASTM D7094) of alternative gasoline, alternative kerosene, and alternative diesel are 84˚C, 70˚C, and 98˚C. The calorific values are alternative gasoline 10,979 cal/g, alternative kerosene 11,008 cal/g, and alternative diesel 11,027 cal/g.
Virus influenza aviaires hautement pathogènes H5Nx de clade 2.3.4.4b : des virus neurotropes
Authors: Bessière Pierre
Published: January 2024

Les virus influenza aviaires hautement pathogènes (IAHP) de clade 2.3.4.4b ont la particularité de causer des signes cliniques et de la mortalité chez les espèces réservoirs, dont les canards. Au cours de leur diffusion dans l’organisme, ils semblent avoir un tropisme fort pour le système nerveux central, causant ainsi des troubles neurologiques. Les observations terrains indiquent que ces derniers sont peu fréquemment observés chez les gallinacés. À l’aide d’infections expérimentales in vivo et de cultures in vitro de neurones primaires d’oiseaux, une étude de l’ENVT s’est intéressée au neurotropisme d’un virus hautement pathogène H5N8 en comparant poulets et canards. D’autres études rapportent que des signes cliniques neurologiques ont également été observés chez de nombreux mammifères ayant été infectés par le virus. L’augmentation des cas chez les mammifères sauvages et domestiques met en exergue l’importance des programmes de surveillance virologique, qui permettent de s’assurer qu’un virus au potentiel pandémique n’émerge pas.
Virus influenza D : un nouvel agent des bronchopneumonies infectieuses bovines
Authors: Bessière Pierre
Published: January 2024

Le virus influenza D est un virus découvert en 2011 dans un élevage de porcs. Ce virus a pour réservoir les bovins, chez qui les séroprévalences sont particulièrement élevées, mais arrive à infecter de nombreux mammifères. Son pouvoir pathogène est encore méconnu, d’autant plus que ces dernières années ont vu l’apparition de nouveaux génotypes viraux. Expérimentalement, l’infection par le virus entraîne des signes respiratoires légers à modérés. Sur le terrain, le virus est rarement rencontré seul, les coinfections étant fréquentes. L’IDV fait partie des agents étiologiques des bronchopneumonies infectieuses bovines : en causant des lésions dans l’appareil respiratoire profond et en modulant la réponse immunitaire, il favorise, comme de nombreux autres virus, les surinfections bactériennes. Des éléments laissent à penser que l’IDV serait zoonotique, mais la preuve formelle qu’il puisse infecter l’être humain n’a pas encore été apportée.
Boundaries and classification: the cultural logic of treating foreign medicine
Authors: Xu Yufan
Published: January 2024

From the 16th to the 19th centuries, Western medicine emerged in China and was considered dangerous by Chinese residents. Relatedly, Chinese medical practitioners have attempted to use knowledge based on traditional Chinese medicine to explain the principles of Western medicine. From the 19th to 20th centuries, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was introduced to the United States, and American residents also described it as dangerous; they believed that TCM could only be accepted after scientific verification and explanation. This article uses the method of historical anthropology to explain these phenomena using boundaries as an analytical concept. This article finds that when foreign medicine crosses borders, it causes the disorganization of local classification systems. When a local classification system cannot provide a suitable location for foreign medicine, such medicine is easily regarded as dangerous by residents. The key to solving this problem is to use local classification systems to reinterpret foreign medicine. Reinterpreted by these local classification systems, foreign medicine can gain legitimacy within local societies. Based on this, the current article attempts to illustrate not only that science is a classification method but also that the boundary between science and nonscience is cultural in a sense, thereby undertaking corresponding cultural functions in daily life.
Does the well-matched marriage of successor affect the intergenerational inheritance of family business?
Authors: Wang Lixia , Ye Xi , Fu Yutong , Zhang Xin
Published: January 2024

The mainstream type of intergenerational inheritance of family firms in China is typically based on the “son inheriting his father’s business” model. However, the current research on the intergenerational inheritance of family businesses mainly focuses on the impact of the personal capabilities of the successor, rather than the successor’s interpersonal relationships such as marriage. This paper uses literature analysis and case studies to study the impact of the successor’s marriage on the family business by refining the indicators of what constitutes a well-matched marriage. The findings show that the marriage of the second generation has a significant impact on the intergenerational inheritance of the family business, as such marriage helps to expand the social capital of the second generation of the family and improve the performance of the business.
Explaining and modeling the impacts of inclusive finance on CO2 emissions in China integrated the intermediary role of energy poverty
Authors: Shen Qiong , Wu Rui , Pan Yuxi , Feng Yanchao
Published: January 2024

Inclusive finance has the potential to impact CO2 emissions resulting from energy activities by influencing regional economic behavior. To explore this relationship, this research makes use of panel data covering 30 Chinese provinces between 2004 and 2017. Through the utilization of empirical methods, including the dynamic panel model, the DIFF-GMM model, the mediating effect model, and the moderating effect model, the study examines the direction and mechanisms of the influence of financial inclusion on various aspects of CO2 emissions in China. The findings demonstrate that the development of inclusive finance has a significant effect on CO2 emissions, characterized by an energy rebound effect. This effect is primarily observed through notable increases in total CO2 emissions and per capita CO2 emissions, coupled with a reduction in CO2 emission efficiency. Additionally, inclusive finance exhibits a certain capacity to mitigate CO2 emissions by addressing energy poverty. However, this mitigating effect falls short of fully offsetting the CO2 emissions resulting from the overall economic impact of inclusive finance. Moreover, the study reveals that market regulation weakens the positive relationship between financial inclusion and CO2 emissions. Furthermore, the impact of financial inclusion on CO2 emissions exhibits a spatial spillover effect, wherein it serves to inhibit CO2 emissions in neighboring regions.
Role of topology in compensated magnetic systems
Authors: Reichlova Helena , Kriegner Dominik , Mook Alexander , Althammer Matthias , Thomas Andy
Published: January 2024

Topology plays a crucial and multifaceted role in solid state physics, leading to a remarkable array of newly investigated materials and phenomena. In this Perspective, we provide a brief summary of well-established model materials with a particular focus on compensated magnets and highlight key phenomena that emerge due to the influence of topology in these systems. The overview covers various magneto-transport phenomena, with a particular focus on the extensively investigated anomalous magneto-transport effects. Furthermore, we look into the significance of topology in understanding elementary magnetic excitations, namely magnons, where the role of topology gained considerable attention from both theoretical and experimental perspectives. Since electrons and magnons carry energy, we explore the implications of topology in combined heat and spin transport experiments in compensated magnetic systems. At the end of each section, we highlight intriguing unanswered questions in this research direction. To finally conclude, we offer our perspective on what could be the next advancements regarding the interaction between compensated magnetism and topology.
Combining stochastic density functional theory with deep potential molecular dynamics to study warm dense matter
Authors: Chen Tao , Liu Qianrui , Liu Yu , Sun Liang , Chen Mohan
Published: January 2024

In traditional finite-temperature Kohn–Sham density functional theory (KSDFT), the partial occupation of a large number of high-energy KS eigenstates restricts the use of first-principles molecular dynamics methods at extremely high temperatures. However, stochastic density functional theory (SDFT) can overcome this limitation. Recently, SDFT and the related mixed stochastic–deterministic density functional theory, based on a plane-wave basis set, have been implemented in the first-principles electronic structure software ABACUS [Q. Liu and M. Chen, Phys. Rev. B 106, 125132 (2022)]. In this study, we combine SDFT with the Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics method to investigate systems with temperatures ranging from a few tens of eV to 1000 eV. Importantly, we train machine-learning-based interatomic models using the SDFT data and employ these deep potential models to simulate large-scale systems with long trajectories. Subsequently, we compute and analyze the structural properties, dynamic properties, and transport coefficients of warm dense matter.
Reconfigurable multifunctional neuromorphic memristor fabricated from two-dimensional ReSe2 ferroelectric nanosheet films
Authors: Wang Hong , Yang Jialiang , Wang Zhisheng , Shao Yiduo , Tang Yusong , Guo Jianxin , Yan Xiaobing
Published: January 2024

Memristor-based neuromorphic computing is beneficial for artificial intelligence to process external information autonomously with high speed and high efficiency. Two-dimensional (2D) layered van der Waals rhenium selenide (ReSe2) has optoelectronic and semiconductor properties, but its ferroelectricity has not been confirmed fully experimentally and the application exploration is currently limited. Here, we experimentally confirmed the room-temperature ferroelectricity of 2D ReSe2 and proposed a reconfigurable ReSe2 memristor that can realize multiple functions. The device can realize the conductance bidirectional regulation, and under the action of electrical signals, it exhibits the high 0.99 and 0.98 linearity and accurate bidirectional update of weights. Under the complementary effect of ReSe2 ferroelectric polarization flipping and interface defects, the device exhibits the memcapacitor and memristor reconfigurable behavior and multiple functions such as visible light perception, logical “OR” calculation, and long/short-term synaptic plasticity. In addition, the six-layer convolutional neural network built based on ReSe2 memristors can perform feature extraction and classification recognition of handwritten digital pictures, and its recognition accuracy can reach 97.04%. In addition to obtain substantial experimental evidence for the ferroelectricity of 2D ReSe2, this work also provides a new avenue for the implementation of ReSe2 ferroelectric memristors in the neuromorphic computing system with the front-end sensing and back-end processing.
A novel family of distributions: Properties, inequality measures and applications to socio economic development indicators
Authors: Atchadé Mintodê Nicodème , Otodji Théophile , Djibril Aliou Moussa
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we focused on two families of distributions: the Topp–Leone Kumaraswamy family and a novel proposed family of distributions. Subsequently, we explore their composition, leading to a novel family of distributions exhibiting compelling features for data modeling. Specifically, we examine a special member of this novel family, employing the inverse exponential distribution as the cumulative density function. We establish the mathematical properties, investigate the moments and the stochastic properties, and propose a parameter estimation method based on the maximum likelihood of the new model. To assess the applicability of our model, we gather data related to development indicators in Benin Republic. Additionally, employing competing models, we analyze some real-life data and compare the results to the novel distribution. Model performance is evaluated in terms of fitting observed data, and we conduct an in-depth interpretation of the outcomes. This study makes a significant contribution by introducing a novel family of distributions tailored for modeling development indicators. The findings of this research may have substantial implications for statistical analysis and decision-making in the context of Benin’s economic and social development.
Recognising a beacon of teaching and learning leadership in Australian chemistry
Authors: Bissember Alex C. , Pullen Reyne , Lawrie Gwendolyn A.
Published: January 2024

This Highlight article considers key contributions made by Professor Brian Yates to the Australian chemistry academic community in recognition of his seminal leadership that led to the establishment of the Chemistry Threshold Learning Outcomes (CTLOs) as national assessment standards. These CTLOs currently underpin the Royal Australian Chemical Institute (RACI) process of the professional accreditation of chemistry majors in Australian tertiary institutions and, hence, provide benchmarks of learning in our discipline. Examples of contemporary assessment approaches in chemistry are presented to inform academics who are seeking to assess learning outcomes beyond threshold standards and to inspire future innovative assessment approaches.
Is animal saliva a prominent factor in pasture regrowth?
Authors: Parnell Danica , Merchant Andrew , Ingram Lachlan
Published: January 2024

Over a period spanning more than 100 years, a substantial amount of research has been undertaken to determine the impact that grazing ungulates have on grassland production systems globally, as they are the primary source of feed for these animals. Productivity of these lands, however, is highly dependent on a variety of factors such as quality and quantity of the forage, regrowth rates, and grazing rates. Expected regrowth rate of pasture, may be more influenced by animals than originally thought, as the direct effect of saliva deposition on plants on both the above and belowground biomass of plants remains relatively unclear. Though research is evident on grazing impacts on pasture, those which have utilised saliva have often found contradictory results, or do not discuss the mechanisms behind the responses in pasture observed. As such, we believe though it is a miniscule aspect of the entire grazing picture, investigating the effect of saliva in further detail may highlight gaps apparent in current research, such as what compounds are evident in saliva, and what those individual components functions are in plants, or what result may occur when applied on to plants. This review discusses what is currently known about animal saliva, the impact on pasture, and the greater practical applications of this knowledge for graziers.
Translocal social resilience dimensions of migration as adaptation to environmental change
Authors: Sakdapolrak Patrick , Sterly Harald , Borderon Marion , Bunchuay-Peth Simon , Naruchaikusol Sopon , Ober Kayly , Porst Luise , Rockenbauch Till
Published: January 2024

There is growing recognition of the potential of migration to contribute to climate-change adaptation. Yet, there is limited evidence to what degree, under what conditions, for whom, and with which limitations this is effectively the case. We argue that this results from a lack of recognition and systematic incorporation of sociospatiality—the nested, networked, and intersectional nature of migration-as-adaptation. Our central objective is to utilize the translocal social-resilience approach to overcome these gaps, to identify processes and structures that shape the social resilience of translocal livelihood systems, and to illustrate the mechanisms behind the multiplicity of possible resilience outcomes. Translocal livelihood constellations anchored in rural Thailand as well as in domestic and international destinations of Thai migrants serve as illustrative empirical cases. Data were gathered through a multisited and mixed-methods research design. This paper highlights the role of the distinct but interlinked situations and operational logics at places of origin and destination, as well as the different positionalities and resulting vulnerabilities, roles, commitments, and practices of individuals and households with regard to resilience. Based on the empirical results, the paper distills a generalized typology of five broad categories of resilience outcomes, which explicitly considers sociospatiality. Our approach helps to grasp the complexity of migration-as-adaptation and to avoid simplistic conclusions about the benefits and costs of migration for adaptation—both of which are necessary for sound, evidence-based, migration-as-adaptation policymaking.
Platform-independent estimation of human physiological time from single blood samples
Authors: Huang Yitong , Braun Rosemary
Published: January 2024

Abundant epidemiological evidence links circadian rhythms to human health, from heart disease to neurodegeneration. Accurate determination of an individual’s circadian phase is critical for precision diagnostics and personalized timing of therapeutic interventions. To date, however, we still lack an assay for physiological time that is accurate, minimally burdensome to the patient, and readily generalizable to new data. Here, we present TimeMachine, an algorithm to predict the human circadian phase using gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a single blood draw. Once trained on data from a single study, we validated the trained predictor against four independent datasets with distinct experimental protocols and assay platforms, demonstrating that it can be applied generalizably. Importantly, TimeMachine predicted circadian time with a median absolute error ranging from 1.65 to 2.7 h, regardless of systematic differences in experimental protocol and assay platform, without renormalizing the data or retraining the predictor. This feature enables it to be flexibly applied to both new samples and existing data without limitations on the transcriptomic profiling technology (microarray, RNAseq). We benchmark TimeMachine against competing approaches and identify the algorithmic features that contribute to its performance.
Accurate estimation of biological age and its application in disease prediction using a multimodal image Transformer system
Authors: Wang Jinzhuo , Gao Yuanxu , Wang Fangfei , Zeng Simiao , Li Jiahui , Miao Hanpei , Wang Taorui , Zeng Jin , Baptista-Hon Daniel , Monteiro Olivia , Guan Taihua , Cheng Linling , Lu Yuxing , Luo Zhengchao , Li Ming , Zhu Jian-kang , Nie Sheng , Zhang Kang , Zhou Yong
Published: January 2024

Aging in an individual refers to the temporal change, mostly decline, in the body’s ability to meet physiological demands. Biological age (BA) is a biomarker of chronological aging and can be used to stratify populations to predict certain age-related chronic diseases. BA can be predicted from biomedical features such as brain MRI, retinal, or facial images, but the inherent heterogeneity in the aging process limits the usefulness of BA predicted from individual body systems. In this paper, we developed a multimodal Transformer–based architecture with cross-attention which was able to combine facial, tongue, and retinal images to estimate BA. We trained our model using facial, tongue, and retinal images from 11,223 healthy subjects and demonstrated that using a fusion of the three image modalities achieved the most accurate BA predictions. We validated our approach on a test population of 2,840 individuals with six chronic diseases and obtained significant difference between chronological age and BA (AgeDiff) than that of healthy subjects. We showed that AgeDiff has the potential to be utilized as a standalone biomarker or conjunctively alongside other known factors for risk stratification and progression prediction of chronic diseases. Our results therefore highlight the feasibility of using multimodal images to estimate and interrogate the aging process.
The effect of reef morphology on coral recruitment at multiple spatial scales
Authors: Carlson Rachel R. , Crowder Larry B. , Martin Roberta E. , Asner Gregory P.
Published: January 2024

Coral reefs are in decline worldwide, making it increasingly important to promote coral recruitment in new or degraded habitat. Coral reef morphology—the structural form of reef substrate—affects many aspects of reef function, yet the effect of reef morphology on coral recruitment is not well understood. We used structure-from-motion photogrammetry and airborne remote sensing to measure reef morphology (rugosity, curvature, slope, and fractal dimension) across a broad continuum of spatial scales and evaluated the effect of morphology on coral recruitment in three broadcast-spawning genera. We also measured the effect of other environmental and biotic factors such as fish density, adult coral cover, hydrodynamic larval import, and depth on coral recruitment. All variables combined explained 72% of coral recruitment in the study region. Coarse reef rugosity and curvature mapped at ≥2 m spatial resolution—such as large colonies, knolls, and boulders—were positively correlated with coral recruitment, explaining 22% of variation in recruitment. Morphology mapped at finer scales (≤32 cm resolution) was not significant. Hydrodynamic larval import was also positively related to coral recruitment in
Porites
and
Montipora
spp., and grazer fish density was linked to significantly lower recruitment in all genera. In addition, grazer density, reef morphology, and hydrodynamic import had differential effects on coral genera, reflecting genus-specific life history traits, and model performance was lower in gonochoric species. Overall, coral reef morphology is a key indicator of recruitment potential that can be detected by remote sensing, allowing potential larval sinks to be identified and factored into restoration actions.
Expanded T lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients are specific for Epstein-Barr-virus-infected B cells
Authors: Gottlieb Assaf , Pham H. Phuong T. , Saltarrelli Jerome G. , Lindsey J. William
Published: January 2024

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection has long been associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), but the role of EBV in the pathogenesis of MS is not clear. Our hypothesis is that a major fraction of the expanded clones of T lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are specific for autologous EBV-infected B cells. We obtained blood and CSF samples from eight relapsing-remitting patients in the process of diagnosis. We stimulated cells from the blood with autologous EBV-infected lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL), EBV, varicella zoster virus, influenza, and candida and sorted the responding cells with flow cytometry after 6 d. We sequenced the RNA for T cell receptors (TCR) from CSF, unselected blood cells, and the antigen-specific cells. We used the TCR Vβ CDR3 sequences from the antigen-specific cells to assign antigen specificity to the sequences from the CSF and blood. LCL-specific cells comprised 13.0 ± 4.3% (mean ± SD) of the total reads present in CSF and 13.3 ± 7.5% of the reads present in blood. The next most abundant antigen specificity was flu, which was 4.7 ± 1.7% of the reads in the CSF and 9.3 ± 6.6% in the blood. The prominence of LCL-specific reads was even more marked in the top 1% most abundant CSF clones with statistically significant 47% mean overlap with LCL. We conclude that LCL-specific sequences form a major portion of the TCR repertoire in both CSF and blood and that expanded clones specific for LCL are present in MS CSF. This has important implications for the pathogenesis of MS.
The development of heterosemous inflection and derivation
Authors: Kinn Torodd
Published: January 2024

In Norwegian, the noun vis ‘manner’ is commonly used to head compounds. It is the historical
source of several suffixes: derivational suffixes in adverbs and adjectives and an inflectional suffix on measure nouns. Thus,
compounding has given rise to both derivation and inflection. These developments are analysed and compared with respect to how
they affect the network of constructions, with a focus on differences between derivation and inflection. The main difference is
that links of similarity and contrast have been centrally involved in the development of inflection, but not of derivation.
English and German derivation revisited
Authors: Lensch Anke
Published: January 2024

Today, a number of etymologically related native and non-native English and German suffixes derive nouns and
adjectives from entire phrases, suggesting that these suffixes have evolved clitic-like properties. By providing a diachronic
analysis of dictionary entries that is underpinned by corpus searches, this paper traces how this property of the schemas of
German ‑ig, ‑er and ‑ismus and of English ‑y,
‑er and ‑ism has evolved in the respective languages. The present analysis reveals that some
developments appear to have taken place in parallel, while others are language-specific, which offers novel insights to our
understanding of diachronic change affecting morphological schemas.
A linguistic cycle for speech orienters
Authors: Nicolle Steve
Published: January 2024

This paper describes the way in which represented speech is introduced in ten eastern Bantu languages, and
explains the different constructions used as stages of a linguistic cycle. In this cycle, verbs of speech develop into quotative
markers, and eventually cease to be used to introduce direct speech. This cycle can be understood as a systematic and
unidirectional series of constructional changes.
Visibility and (re)vitalization
Authors: Gubitosi Patricia , Medina González Paola
Published: January 2024

Recent sociolinguistic research has shown the impact of public use of language expressions on people’s attitudes
towards their language and how language can be susceptible to its environments. In this regard, the linguistic landscape
(henceforth, LL) of a community helps sociolinguists to examine and decipher the power relationships of languages
used in any bi/multilingual community. The presence or absence of a language in the public space carries a message that directly
and indirectly reveals its centrality versus its marginality in the community.

The present study analyzes language (in)visibility in the LL of three major cities (Oviedo/Uviéu,
Gijón/Xixón and Avilés) of Asturias, Spain, where Spanish is the majority language and Asturian is the regional language. The
empirical data provided in this article are based on an exemplary selection of publicly visible language policies and a survey
conducted by the authors on language attitudes. The results of the analysis suggest a mismatch between language policy and
language use in the region and a lack of prestige bestowed upon the Asturian language.
Low-frequency band gap design of acoustic metamaterial based on cochlear structure
Authors: Ruan Haifeng , Yu Peng , Hou Jiahong , Li Dong
Published: January 2024

In this paper, a new chiral spiral structure based on the cochlear structure is proposed. The chiral spiral structure consists of four orthogonally oriented cochlear structures with the same geometric parameters connected at the inner endpoints of the four cochlear structures. Based on the Bloch’s theory and finite element method, the band gap characteristics of the proposed chiral spiral structure are studied. The effects of ligament bending angle (θ), the ratio of arc radius of cochlear contour (α), the ligament thickness (tc
), and the level of the chiral spiral structure (n) on the chiral spiral structure are discussed. The results show that the two-level chiral spiral structure (n= 2) has the best band gap characteristics when θ = 180° and α = 0.45. With the decrease of tc
and the increase of n, the opening frequency of the first band gap gradually decreases. When n = 22, the chiral spiral structure has the lowest opening frequency, 1.91 Hz. The existence of the band gap is verified through the low amplitude elastic wave transmission tests. The distribution of the iso-frequency lines indicates that with the increase n, the propagation of elastic waves of the chiral spiral structure shows more distinct directivity, which provides a basis for the propagation control of elastic waves. These findings can provide new design ideas and directions for low-frequency vibration and noise control.