bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Chitosan as Antibacterial for Pangasius Fillet at Low Temperature Storage
Authors: Damayanti Windi , Rochima Emma , Hasan Zahidah
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This research were to obtain the optimal concentration of chitosan as an antibacterial material wich had the longest of storage period of pangasius fillet at low temperature storage (5-10oC). The method used is an experimental method with a completely randomized design, four treatments and three replications. Pangasius fillet was soaked with chitosan 0%, 1%, 2% and 3% for 3 minutes, then packed with styrofoam and plastic wrap and stored at low teperature. The observation were made on day 1st, 3rd, 5th, 6th ,7th, 9th,10th, 11th and 12th. The parameters observed total bacterial colonies, the degree of acidity (pH), weight loss, and antibacterial activity of chitosan using disc diffusion methods. The conclusion of research was that the 2% chitosan is optimal concentration for pangasius fillet storage at a low temperature until day 11th, with a total 6.7 X105 cfu/g of bacterial colonies, pH 6.67 and total 6,78 % of weight loss.Chitosan also has a higher antibacterial capability against Escherichia coli (Gram negative bacteria) than Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis (Gram positive bacteria).
High toluene exposure risk increases risk of olfactory dysfunction in furniture workers
Authors: Wartono Magdalena , Herkutanto Herkutanto , Lestari Niken
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND
Few studies have investigated the impact on olfactory functioning of
occupational exposure to toluene, an industrial solvent used in paints and
cleaning fluids. The estimated olfactory dysfunction prevalence is 0.5–
5%. Patients frequently do not complain about olfactory dysfunction.
However, occupational exposure to chemicals may affect workers’ health
and safety, because of their continuous inhalation. This study aimed to
examine the relationship between toluene exposure and olfactory
dysfunction in furniture workers.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study involving 65 workers. Data collection
was by observation and interview on demographic characteristics, history
of habits, and symptoms of chronic rhinitis. Risk of exposure scores were
evaluated from potential hazard, exposure level, duration of employment,
type of work, use of masks, ventilation of work space, and education and
training. Olfactory function was tested using Sniffin’ Sticks, and
determination of environmental toluene level was by personal sampling.
The odds ratio was used to test correlations between variables.
RESULTS
Only 44 subjects could be analyzed, 37 (84.1%) of whom had olfactory
dysfunction. Workers with high toluene exposure had a significantly 12.5-
fold risk of olfactory dysfunction in comparison with those with low
exposure (OR=12.5; CI 95% 1.35 – 115.79).
CONCLUSIONS
Toluene exposure increases risk of olfactory dysfunction in furniture
workers. Olfactory function testing should be considered for initial
screening or periodic testing of furniture workers. Low toluene levels with
a high proportion of olfactory dysfunction indicate that olfactory dysfunction
is an early negative impact of chemical inhalation.
The rhetorical constructions of global citizenship and the location of youth: A critical analysis
Authors: Abdi Ali A.
Published: February 2017

The recent growth of global citizenship scholarship, especially in so-called Western universities, could entice us into making constructive assumptions about the viability of this area of study and teaching. Especially with respect to the lives of young people, the promise of global
citizenship and its growing disciplinary popularity can be read as contributing to more connected and selectively realizable world communities, which share more of their lives' possibilities for the wellbeing of all. With this in mind, and with a continuing focus on the rhetorical claims of
global citizenship – as opposed to the practical or even quasi-practical actualizations of such citizenship – and as a select thematic response to The National Youth White Paper on Global Citizenship (2015) produced by high school students in Canada, this paper attempts
to expose the weaknesses that are ingrained in the scholarly constructions of the case. It also analyses the precarious global citizenship location of youth in both developed and developing world contexts. At the end, the paper suggests possible ways of educating for a more inclusive global
citizenship, which values all knowledge systems and advances the wellbeing of diverse communities across the world.
Massachusetts Parents’ Experiences With Insurance Coverage for Lactation Consultant Services
Authors: Snyder-Drummond Robin , Bingham Heather , Lang Jessica M.
Published: February 2017

The Women’s Preventive Services component of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) requires coverage of “lactation supplies and services” with no out-of-pocket cost to the patient. However, as IBCLCs providing in-home lactation consults, we found that during the first year of the ACA mandate, clients often described disappointment with coverage for home visits and for breastfeeding support in general. To have a more specific picture of women’s experiences, our association conducted an online survey of families in Massachusetts who sought insurance coverage for IBCLC care outside of the hospital since the ACA provisions came into effect. The goal was to identify the barriers that families who need these services commonly dealt with. Barriers reported by survey respondents included confusing and inconsistent information provided by insurance companies about coverage, lack of coverage for the time and place they sought IBCLC services, lack of coverage for IBCLCs at all, and restriction to a network that did not include IBCLC providers. These findings suggest that many women are not yet receiving the benefits of insurance coverage for lactation support and point to specific changes that insurance providers should make to provide adequate coverage as mandated under the ACA.
Profile in various organic soil depth shrimp pond, Tambak Inti Rakyat, Karawang
Authors: Hastuti Yuni Puji , Novita Lena , Widiyanto Tri , Rusmana Iman
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTOrganic material in the bottom of the pond is part of the land is a complex and dynamic system, which is sourced from the rest of the feed, plants, and or animals found in the soil that continuously change shape, because it is influenced by biology, physics, and chemistry. This study was aimed to see the profile of organic material consisting of C, N, and C/N ratio and phosphate in different depths of pond with different culture systems. Observation were conducted at Tambak Inti Rakyat, Karawang in traditional, semi-intensive and intensive culture systems. Observation at mangrove area was also observed as control. Sediment samples at the inlet and outlet at three different depths (0‒5 cm, 5‒10 cm, and 10‒15 cm) was taken every 30 days to measure the content of C, N, C/N ratio, and total phosphate. During the 120 day maintenance period could be known that in all pond systems were used (traditional, semi-intensive, and intensive) the concentration of C-organic and organic-N on average was located in the bottom layer which is a layer of 10‒15 cm. The lack of human intervention from ground pond system, the more diverse the type and amount of organic material contained therein.Keywords: organic materials, subgrade, depth, aquaculture systems, long maintenanceABSTRAKBahan organik di dasar tambak merupakan bagian dari tanah yang merupakan suatu sistem kompleks dan dinamis, yang bersumber dari sisa pakan, tanaman, dan atau binatang yang terdapat di dalam tanah yang terus menerus mengalami perubahan bentuk, karena dipengaruhi oleh faktor biologi, fisika, dan kimia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat profil bahan organik yang terdiri dari C, N, dan C/N rasio serta fosfat pada kedalaman tambak yang berbeda dengan sistem budidaya yang berbeda pula. Pengamatan dilakukan di Tambak Inti Rakyat Karawang pada sistem budidaya tradisional, semi intensif, dan intensif. Pengamatan di daerah mangrove diamati pula sebagai kontrol. Sampel sedimen di inlet dan outlet pada tiga kedalaman yang berbeda (0‒5 cm, 5‒10 cm, dan 10‒15 cm) diambil setiap 30 hari sekali untuk diukur kandungan C, N, C/N rasio, dan total fosfatnya. Selama 120 hari masa pemeliharaan dapat diketahui bahwa pada semua sistem tambak yang digunakan (tradisional, semi intensif, dan intensif) nilai konsentrasi C-organik dan N-organik rata-rata terletak pada lapisan paling bawah yaitu lapisan 10‒15 cm. Minimnya campur tangan manusia dari tanah sistem tambak maka semakin beragam jenis dan jumlah dari bahan organik yang terkandung di dalamnya.Kata kunci: bahan organik, tanah dasar, kedalaman, sistem budidaya, lama pemeliharaan
Growth, feed conversion and retention, and proximate of eel juvenile treated by immersion of recombinant giant grouper growth hormone
Authors: Handoyo Boyun , Alimuddin . , Utomo Nur Bambang Priyo
Published: February 2017

This study was aimed to determine the immersion dose of recombinant giant grouper growth hormone (rElGH) to increase growth of eel juvenile (glass eel). After shock salinity treatment (NaCl 3% for 2 min), glass eel were immersed in water containing 0.9% NaCl, 0.01% bovine serum albumin, and different of dose of rElGH (0, 0.12, 1.2, 12 and 120 mg/L). Glass eel were fed on blood worm for the first month, and commercial diet for the second month of rearing. Fish rearing was performed in 60 L glass aquarium at density of 150 fish per aquarium. The results showed that higher in growth body weight was obtained in immersion dose of 12 mg/L, by increment of about 37.4% higher compared to that of control. The immersion dose of 12 mg/L also increased specific growth rate by 29.3% higher (p<0.05) compared to control. Furthermore, at that immersion treatment, feed conversion ratio of blood worm and commercial diet decreased by 33.7% and 25.6% compared to control, respectively. Protein (7.15±0.08%) and lipid (9.95±0.10%) retentions in 12 mg/L rElGH-treated fish were higher (p<0.05) than those of control (protein 6.17±0.07%; lipid 5.73±0.06%). Lower in protein content (12.73%), while higher content in lipid (8.35%) and crude carbohydrate (3.22%) were found in 12 mg/L rElGH-treated fish compared to those of control (13.24%, 5.90%, and 1.76%, respectively). Thus, in general, rElGH immersion dose of 12 mg/L could generate high performances of eel juvenile, and application of rElGH can be useful to increase aquaculture eel production.

Keywords: immersion dose, growth hormone, growth, glass eel
The effect of different feed on the spawning performance of mud crab Scylla serrata broodstock
Authors: Pattiasina Bethsy J. , Jamal Endang , Pattinasarany Agapery Y.
Published: February 2017

Mud crab is one of the 12 aquaculture commodities of Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries. Control of reproduction to increase seed production through feed improvement, is one of the challenges and strategies in the mud crab aquaculture. Due to lack of knowledge about broodstock nutrition lead to producing rate of seeds still relatively low. This study aimed to obtain information on the kind of feed that has specific nutrient and plays a role in increasing the success of spawning and zoea survival. Mud crab of Scylla serrata with initial weight of 500.7±103.4 g, preferably under developed gonads were maintained in a fiber tank measuring length of 2.48 m, width 1.26 m, and a height of 60 cm which is partition sealed into 30×40×60 cm3 to put one crab. Tank was equipped with sand as a substrate as high as 15 cm and seawater system with flow rate of 1 L per six minutes and 25 cm high water. Treatments were consisted of: 1. PI (fresh meat fish of Decapterus sp. with dose of 5%), 2. PSC (fresh meat mixture of Decapterus sp. 1.8%, 3% of squid, and shrimp 1.2%), 3. PB (artificial feed dose of 10%) of BW, each treatment was repeated three times. Parameters measured were the duration of ovarian to mature, egg diameter, hatching rate, fecundity, and zoea production. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. The quality of larval measured by survival and larval fat and protein content. The results showed that crabs treated by PI and PSC showed faster to get mature compared to PB treatment (p<0.05). Hatching rate of larvae in PSC treatment was higher compared to PI and PB treatments (p<0.05). Furthermore, all treatments did not affect egg diameter, fecundity, and the number of zoea (p>0.05). In conclusion, crab which fed fresh meat (PI and PSC) could get mature earlier, and have high percentage of the larval hatching than those of fed by PB. In fact that larvae from broodstock feed of PI has survival as well as protein and fat content were higher than those of fed by PB.

Keywords: spawning perform, broodstock feed, mud crab (Scylla serrata)
Growth and survival of giant gourami juvenile immerse indifferent frequencies using recombinant growth hormone
Authors: Syazili Aras , Irmawati . , Alimuddin . , Sumantadinata Komar
Published: February 2017

This study was aimed to determine the immersion frequency of recombinant growth hormone (rGH) in the growth stimulation of giant gourami juvenile. A total of 50 larvae at second day after first feeding, was immersed in 30 ppt salt water for 2 minutes, and then transferred into 200 mL of 9 ppt salt water containing 30 mg/L rGH in inclusion bodies form. Immersion was performed for 60 minutes and repeated once a week for two, three, four, and five weeks. As the control, fish was immersed with inclusion bodies without rGH (control-1), bovine serum albumin (control-2), 9ppt saline water without rGH (control-3) and in freshwater (control-4). Fish were kept in 7L aquaria during the first four weeks, transferred into 50L aquaria for two weeks, and then in hapa (2×1×1 m3 in size) for two weeks. The results showed that the highest (p<0.05) average body weight of giant gourami juvenile (2.23±0.19 g) was obtained at four times (four weeks) immersion treatment. Similar body weight of fish in two times (1.72±0.29 g), three times (1.68±0.34 g), and five times (1.81±0.17 g) immersion was obtained. Fish body weight of all controls was lower than the rGH-immersed fish. Average body weight of four time rGH-immersed fish (4.01 g) remained higher than other treatment and control (1.96 to 2.36 g) on 8th week of fish rearing. Survival of four times (96.67±1.15%), and five times rGH-immersion fish (95.33±4.16%) was similar, and higher than other treatments and controls (77.33 to 89.33%). Thus, higher growth rate and survival of giant gourami juvenile could be achieved by four times rGH immersion.

 Keywords: recombinant protein, growth hormone, immersion frequency, giant gourami
Toxicity of mercury (Hg) on survival and growth rate, hemato- and histopathological parameters ofOreochromis niloticus
Authors: Nirmala Kukuh , Hastuti Yuni Puji , Yuniar Vika
Published: February 2017

Heavy metals are serious pollutants of the aquatic environment because of their environmental persistence and ability to be accumulated by aquatic organisms. Oreochromis niloticus exposed to 0, 0.16, 0.5, and 1.0 ppm Hg for 30 days. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of mercury in water on survival rate, growth rates, hematological, and histological parameters of Oreochromis niloticus. This study was conducted from Mei to June 2009. The experimental design was arranged in completely randomized design with four treatments and three replications. Stock density was 8 fish/aquarium with mean initial body weight was 15.70±1.13 g. Growth and survival rates of test fish were decreased with increasing the Hg concentration. Red blood cell (RBC) count, haematocrit content, and haemoglobin content decreased when compared to the control. The number of white blood cells (WBC) increased in mercuric treated fish. The results are statistically significant at p<0.05 level.

Keywords:mercury, survival and growth rate, hematology, histopathology, Oreochromis niloticus
Nitrogen and phosphorus absorption capability in environmental culture by Taiwan gravestone Anadonta woodiana Lea
Authors: Hastuti Yuni Puji , Nirmala Kukuh , Setioaji Tyas
Published: February 2017

Nitrogen and phosphorus in a water culture are derived from the metabolism of the farmed organism, feed residue and microbial activity in the water. One way of controlling water quality due to waste in the form of nitrogen and phosphorus from aquaculture is to utilize filter feeder organisms of Anadonta woodiana Lea. This study aimed to analysis the effectiveness of the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in waters by A. woodiana as filter feeder. A total of 0 (control), five, ten, and 15 gravestone were putted into a tank of 35 L of water derived from Cirata reservoir. Each treatment was given three times repetition. Measurement of total nitrogen and phosphorus in gravestones were performed at baseline and end of treatment. In addition, measurement of total nitrogen and phosphorus in the water tank was measured every ten days. Another measurement is the length and weight of gravestone. Direct observations made on gravestones barnacle survival, pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and turbidity every day. Aeration was provided in each aquarium. Based on the results obtained, the survival of gravestone in the density of five gravestones was 93.33%, in ten gravestones density was 90%, while in 15 gravestones was 95%. The percentage reduction in total nitrogen in the water at the end of treatment was 57% for the five gravestones density, and for ten gravestones was 88.2%. The decrease of total phosphorus in water in ten gravestones density was 37.4%, whereas the increase in density of 15 gravestones and total phosphorus water percentage was 26.9%. On the density of ten gravestones, the body weight decreased until to 3.3%, while in the density of 15 gravestones decreased until to 2.5% on day 30. Results of water quality analysis showed that the DO values decreased from baseline to end of treatment (from 5.08 to 4.86 mg/L), the average water temperature from 26.5 to 27.4 °C, pH values 7‒8, and highest turbidity values was obtained in the density of five gravestone. Decrease in the percentage of total nitrogen in the water suggested nitrogen and phosphorus have been absorbted for barnacle growth.

Keywords: total phosphorus, total nitrogen,waste,Anadonta woodiana Lea,cultivation
Growth and immune response of Litopenaeus vannamei fed on β-(1, 3) glucan and poly-β hydroxybutyrate
Authors: Sarmin , , Suprayudi Muhammad Agus , Jusadi Dedi , Ekasari Julie
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT This research was aimed to examine the growth performance and non-specific immune response of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) fed on the diet supplemented with β-(1,3) glucan (BG) and poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) as feed additives. Shrimp juvenile at an initial body weight of 2.06±0.03 g was randomly distributed into 12 units of aquaria at a density of 20 shrimps/tank and reared for 42 days. The treatments applied in this study were control (without feed additives), 1.5 g/kg BG, 10 g/kg PHB and 1,5 g/kg BG+10 g/kg PHB. Results showed that shrimp fed on 1.5 /kg BG-supplemented feed had significantly higher growth performance and non-specific immune response. Keywords: growth, shrimp, non-specific immune response, Litopenaeus vannamei  ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kinerja pertumbuhan dan respons imun nonspesifik udang vaname Litopenaeus vannamei yang diberi pakan dengan penambahan feed additive berupa β-(1,3) glukan (BG) dan poli-β-hidroksibutirat (PHB). Juvenil udang 2,06±0,03 g dipelihara pada 12 unit akuarium dengan empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, serta padat tebar 20 ekor/tank selama 42 hari pemeliharaan. Perlakuan yang diberikan dalam penelitian ini yaitu penambahan BG (1,5 g/kg), PHB (10 g/kg), dan BG (1,5 g/kg)+PHB (10 g/kg), serta kontrol (tanpa penambahan feed additive). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa udang yang diberi 1,5 g/kg BG memiliki kinerja pertumbuhan dan respons imun nonspesifik yang terbaik. Kata kunci: pertumbuhan, udang, respons imun nonspesifik, Litopenaeus vannamei
Masculinization of betta fish Betta splendens by embryo immersion in extract of purwoceng Pimpinella alpina
Authors: Arfah Harton , Soelistyowati Dinar Tri , Bulkini Asep
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT This study aimed to examine the effect of extract of purwoceng Pimpinella alpina for masculinization of Betta splendens. This research used completely randomized design with three treatments that were distinguished by doses of purwoceng extract, which were 10, 20, and 30 µL/L, and 0 µL/L as control. The treatments were given by immersion to 35 embryos at eye spots phase or about 28-hours after fertilization, for eight hours. The immersion process was done for 8 hours. The result showed that 20 µL/L dose of purwoceng extract produced 62.66% male, and hatching rate was 85.71%. This male percentage was higher compared to control (45.91%), but the hatching rate was lower than that of control (98.57%). At the higher dose (30 µL/L), male fish population and hatching rate reduced respectively 39.72% and 68.57%, respectively. Keywords: masculinization, embryo immersion, purwoceng extract, Betta splendens  ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh dosis ekstrak purwoceng Pimpinella alpina extract dalam maskulinisasi ikan cupang hias Betta splendens. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga perlakuan dan tiga ulangan dosis ekstrak purwoceng. yaitu 10, 20, dan 30 µL/L, serta perlakuan 0 µL/L sebagai kontrol. Perlakuan diberikan melalui perendaman selama delapan jam terhadap 35 embrio saat memasuki fase bintik mata atau sekitar jam ke-28 setelah pembuahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dosis ekstrak purwoceng 20 µL/L menghasilkan persentase ikan jantan sebesar 62,66%, dan daya tetas telur sebesar 85,71%. Persentase jantan tersebut lebih tinggi daripada kontrol (45,1%), tetapi derajat penetasannya lebih rendah daripada kontrol (98,57%). Pada dosis yang lebih tinggi (30 µL/L), populasi ikan jantan (39,72%), dan derajat penetasan (68,57%) adalah menurun. Kata kunci: maskulinisasi, perendaman embrio, ekstrak purwoceng, Betta splendens
Role of various fishmeal ingredients on sangkuriang catfish Clarias sp. growth
Authors: Utomo Nur Bambang Priyo , Susan , , Setiawati Mia
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT This research was aimed to evaluate the role of fish meal from different raw materials in improving growth performance of sangkuriang catfish Clarias sp. The source of raw materials used were derived from trash fish, salted fish, and head fish eal. Fish reared for 44 days and were given feed test three times per day at 08.00, 12.00, and 16.00. Biomass weight of the experimental fish used were 38.49±1.61 g. The fish reared on the aquarium of 60x50x40 cm3 and by using recirculation system. The results showed that fish meal derived from trash fish provide the best result for feed consumption, daily growth rate, absolute length, biomass, retention of protein, retention of fat, feed efficiency, feed conversion (P>0.05). However, it does not significantly different on the survival of fish (P>0.05). The data showed that the use of trash fish meal resulted on the best growth performance of sangkuriang catfish. It was indicated that the trash-fish meal might be used as the main protein source of sangkuriang catfish feed. Keywords: catfish, growth, at satiation, fish meal  ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pakan uji yang menggunakan sumber tepung ikan dari bahan baku berbeda dalam meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan lele sangkuriang Clarias sp. Sumber tepung ikan yang digunakan berasal dari ikan rucah, ikan asin, dan kepala ikan, yang memiliki umum digunakan sebagai salah satu bahan baku pakan lokal. Ikan diberi pakan at satiation selama 44 hari dengan frekuensi tiga kali sehari, yaitu pada pukul 08.00, 12.00, dan 16.00. Biomassa rata-rata ikan uji yang digunakan adalah 38,49±1,61 g. Ikan dipelihara dalam akuarium berukuran 60x50x40 cm3 dan dengan menerapkan sistem resirkulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tepung ikan yang berasal dari ikan rucah mampu memberikan hasil terbaik dalam meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan ikan uji. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh nilai kinerja pertumbuhan seperti jumlah konsumsi pakan, laju pertumbuhan harian, panjang mutlak, biomassa, retensi protein, retensi lemak, efisiensi pemberian pakan, dan konversi pakan yang menunjukkan perbedaan nyata (P<0,05). Namun, tidak terjadi perbedaan pada kelangsungan hidup ikan (P>0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan tepung ikan rucah menghasilkan pertumbuhan terbaik sebagai sumber protein utama pada pakan ikan lele sangkuriang. Kata kunci : ikan lele, pertumbuhan, at satiation, tepung ikan
Electroporation and GFP-labelled transplantation of testicular cells in Nile tilapia
Authors: Barades Epro , Alimuddin , , Sudrajat Agus Oman
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT Transplantation technology can be applied to generate fish surrogate broodstock. A donor germinal cells that was used in transplantation are labeled to distinguish it with endogenous cells. Donor cells are generally derived from transgenic fish carrying a marker or cells labeled by PKH-26. This study was performed to obtain an alternative method of cell labelling using electroporation. Testicular cells were taken from 4-months old Nile tilapia as a model. Electroporation was performed with testicular cell density of 104 cells/µL, pJfKer-GFP concentration of 50 ng/µL, and a pulse length of 20 ms at 0, 100, 200, and 300 volts. At amount of 5x103 cells/0.5µL electroporated testicular cells were then injected into the intraperitoneal cavity of 3-day-old Nile tilapia larva. The results showed that survival of the electroporated cells of 100 and 200 volt-treatments was similar (P>0.05), and higher than 300 volt (P<0.05). Number of fluorescent cells was not significantly different among treatments. The highest cell colonization in transplanted fish was obtained in 200-volt treatment (66.67%). As conclusion, 200-volt electroporation with was a suitable tool to label testicular cells for transplantation. Keyword: electroporation, GFP, label, Nile tilapia, transplantation  ABSTRAK Teknologi transplantasi merupakan suatu teknologi yang dapat menghasilkan induk pengganti. Sel donor berupa sel germinal yang akan digunakan dalam transplantasi diberi label agar dapat dibedakan dengan sel resipien. Umumnya sel donor diperoleh dari ikan transgenik yang membawa marka atau diwarnai dengan PKH-26. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari metode alternatif dalam pemberian label pada sel dengan elektroporasi. Sel testikular diperoleh dari ikan nila berumur empat bulan sebagai model. Elektroporasi dilakukan dengan kepadatan sel 104 sel/µL, konsentrasi pJfKer-GFP 50 ng/µL, dan panjang kejut 20 ms pada 0, 100, 200, dan 300 volt. Sebanyak 5x103 sel dalam 0,5 µL larutan hasil elektroporasi disuntikkan ke dalam rongga intraperitoneal larva berumur tiga hari setelah menetas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelangsungan hidup sel pada kejut 100 dan 200 volt tidak signifikan (P<0,05), akan tetapi lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan perlakuan 300 volt (P<0,05). Jumlah sel yang berpendar tidak berbeda antara perlakuan. Persentase kolonisasi sel pada ikan hasil transplan tertinggi pada perlakuan 200 volt (66,67%). Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian adalah perlakuan elektroporasi dengan kejut listrik 200 volt dapat digunakan untuk memberi label pada sel testikular yang akan ditransplantasikan. Kata kunci : elektroporasi, GFP, label, ikan nila, transplantasi
The growth of red tilapia fed on organic-selenium supplemented diet
Authors: Suprayudi Muhammad Agus , Faisal Burhanudin , Setiawati Mia
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

 

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the level of organic selenium in the diet on the growth performance of red tilapia Oreochromis sp. Four levels of organic selenium namely 0, 1, 2, and 4 g Se/kg diet were used as a treatment, and the selenium content on the diets are 0.12, 0.19, 1.05, and 1.42 mg Se/kg respectively. This experiment were used randomized design with four treatments and two replications. All the diet was formulated to have similar protein and energy. Juvenile red tilapia with average body weight of 9.49±0.94 g were reared in the 80×40×40 cm3 aquarium with density of 10 fish/aquarium. Fish were reared for 40 days and feed four times daily at satiation levels. The result of this study showed that fish fed diet containing 4 g organic Se/kg diet (1,42 mg Se/kg) had the best growth performance.

 

Keywords: organic selenium, growth, red tilapia

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis selenium organik pada pakan terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan ikan nila merah Oreochromis sp. Empat macam dosis selenium organik yang digunakan adalah 0, 1, 2, dan 4 g Se/kg pakan. Kandungan selenium pada setiap pakan berturut-turut adalah 0,12; 0,19; 1,05; dan 1,42 mg Se/kg pakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak dengan empat perlakuan dan dua ulangan. Semua pakan diformulasikan memiliki protein dan energi yang sama. Ikan yang digunakan adalah juvenil nila merah dengan bobot rata-rata 9,49±0,95 g yang dipelihara dalam akuarium berukuran 80×40×40 cm3 dengan kepadatan 10 ekor/akuarium. Ikan tersebut dipelihara selama 40 hari dengan frekuensi pemberian pakan empat kali sehari secara at satiation. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ikan yang diberi pakan yang mengandung 4 g Se organik/kg pakan (1,42 mg Se/kg) memperlihatkan kinerja pertumbuhan terbaik.

 

Kata kunci: selenium organik, pertumbuhan, nila merah

 
Prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic to control Vibrio harveyi and IMNV co-infection in Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Widanarni , , Noermala Jeanni Indah , Sukenda ,
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT This study aimed to examine the effects of prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic in survival and immune response of white shrimp against co-infection of Vibrio harveyi and infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV). The shrimps used had a body weigth of 2.04±0.20 g/individual, the shrimps were reared at a density of 20 shrimps in 60x30x35 cm3 sized aquarium. The study was conducted with five treatments consisting K(+) (without the addition of prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic with co-infection), K(-) (without the addition of prebiotic, probiotic and synbiotic, and without co-infection), P1 (the addition of prebiotic with co-infection), P2 (the addition of probiotic with co-infection), and P3 (the addition of synbiotic with co-infection). The results showed that the addition of prebiotic, probiotic and synbiotic could increase survival and immune response of white shrimp towards co-infection of Vibrio harveyi and IMNV. The best survival was obtained in probiotic treatment (79.17%), followed by prebiotic treatment (75%), synbiotic treatment (70.83%), while the positive control was only 50%. Keywords: white shrimp, prebiotic, probiotic, synbiotic, IMNV, Vibrio harveyi  ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh pemberian prebiotik, probiotik, dan sinbiotik terhadap sintasan dan respons imun udang vaname dengan ko-infeksi Vibrio harveyi dan IMNV (infectious myonecrosis virus). Udang yang digunakan memiliki bobot 2,04±0,20 g/ekor, dipelihara sebanyak 20 ekor dalam akuarium berukuran 60x30x35 cm3. Penelitian dilakukan dengan lima perlakuan yaitu K(+) (tanpa pemberian prebiotik, probiotik, dan sinbiotik dengan ko-infeksi), K(-) (tanpa pemberian prebiotik, probiotik dan sinbiotik tanpa ko-infeksi), P1 (pemberian prebiotik dengan ko-infeksi), P2 (pemberian probiotik dengan ko-infeksi), dan P3 (pemberian sinbiotik dengan ko-infeksi). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian prebiotik, probiotik, dan sinbiotik mampu meningkatkan sintasan dan respons imun udang vaname terhadap ko-infeksi V. harveyi dan IMNV. Sintasan terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan probiotik sebesar 79,17%, diikuti perlakuan prebiotik sebesar 75%, perlakuan sinbiotik sebesar 70,83%, sedangkan pada kontrol positif hanya mencapai 50%. Kata kunci: udang vaname, prebiotik, probiotik, sinbiotik, IMNV, Vibrio harveyi
Evaluation of integrated sludge worm and catfish farming with biofloc system
Authors: Pardiansyah Dedi , Supriyono Eddy , Djokosetianto Daniel
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTCurrently, supply of sludge worm (Tubifex sp.) merely came from wild, so that it could not meet demand for fish hatchery. Additionally, harvest from the wild did not have a quality assurance, due to the possibility of sludge worm becoming an agent of disease. This study was conducted to evaluate the production of sludge worm culture by utilizing catfish culture waste (Clarias sp. ) in bioflok system. In this system, water from catfish culture media flowed into sludge worm culture media using recirculation systems. This study used a completely randomized design with four treatments and two replications, in which treatment A (addition of catfish culture waste from intensive system), treatment B (addition of catfish culture waste from biofloc system), treatment C (the addition of fermented chicken manure at the beginning of experiment as negative control), and treatment D (addition of fermented chicken manure at the beginning of experiment and then every five days as positive control). The results showed that the highest production was obtained by treatment B at biomass growth of 0.97 kg/m2 and sludge worm density of 388.000 individu/m2. Keywords: sludge worm, biofloc, chicken manure, catfish, catfish culture waste  ABSTRAK Saat ini pasokan cacing sutra (Tubifex sp.) hanya berasal dari alam, sehingga belum mencukupi permintaan untuk kegiatan pembenihan ikan. Selain itu, hasil tangkapan dari alam tidak memiliki jaminan kualitas, karena cacing sutra dapat menjadi agen penyakit. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi hasil produksi budidaya cacing sutra dengan memanfaatkan limbah budidaya ikan lele (Clarias sp.) sistem bioflok. Pada sistem ini, air dari media budidaya ikan lele dialirkan ke media pemeliharaan cacing sutra menggunakan sistem resirkulasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan dan dua ulangan, yaitu perlakuan A (pemberian limbah ikan lele sistem intensif), perlakuan B (pemberian limbah ikan lele sistem bioflok), perlakuan C (penambahan fermentasi kotoran ayam pada awal penelitian sebagai kontrol negatif), serta perlakuan D (penambahan fermentasi kotoran ayam pada awal penelitian yang dilanjutkan setiap lima hari sekali sebagai kontrol positif). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi cacing sutra tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan B dengan pertumbuhan bobot sebesar 0,97 kg/m2 dan kepadatan cacing sutra sebesar 388.000 individu/m2. Kata kunci : cacing sutra, bioflok, kotoran ayam, ikan lele, limbah budidaya ikan lele
Fish oil supplementation in commercial diet on growth of Anguilla bicolor bicolor
Authors: Mukti Retno Cahya , Utomo Nur Bambang Priyo , Affandi Ridwan
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT This study was aimed to determine the effect of fish oil addition on growth performance and fatty acid composition of eel Anguilla bicolor bicolor. Freswater eel at an initial body weight of 9.90± 0.05 g were maintained in aquarium with volume of 120 L at stocking density of 1 g/L for 40 days. This research applied complete randomized design with four treatments addition of fish oil, i.e. 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. All treatments were carried out in triplicate. Feed given as much as 3% of the fish biomass a day for four times at 06:00, 11:00, 16:00, and 21:00. The results showed that the addition of fish oil in the diet have different effects (P<0.05) on specific growth (0.88–1.36%), feed efficiency (30.18–48.53%), protein retention (14.57–20.24%), fat retention (16.77–52.49%), energy retention (12.38–20.20%), and hepatosomatic index (1.72–2.72%) whereas the survival showed no difference (P>0.05) at 100%. In the fatty acid composition total of unsaturated fatty acid composition was 30.91–40.95%, n-3 fatty acids was 6.10–8.19%, and n-6 fatty acids were 6.18–8.19%. In conclusion, the addition of fish oil in the diet of freshwater eel Anguilla bicolor bicolor can be done up to 5% (13% fat content of diet). Keywords: Anguilla bicolor bicolor, fish oil, growth performance, fatty acid composition  ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh penambahan minyak ikan terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan dan komposisi asam lemak ikan sidat Anguilla bicolor bicolor. Ikan sidat dengan bobot 9,90±0,05 g dipelihara dalam akuarium dengan volume 120 L pada padat tebar 1 g/L selama 40 hari. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap terdiri atas empat perlakuan penambahan minyak ikan pada pakan sebesar 0%, 5%, 15%, dan 15%. Semua perlakuan terdiri atas tiga ulangan. Pakan diberikan sebanyak 3% dari biomassa ikan dan diberikan sebanyak empat kali sehari yaitu pukul 06.00, 11.00, 16.00 dan 21.00. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan minyak ikan dalam pakan memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda (P<0,05) terhadap spesific growth rate (0,88– 1,36%), efisiensi pakan (30,18–48,53%), retensi protein (14,57–20,24%), retensi lemak (16,77–52,49%), retensi energi (12,38–20,10%), dan indeks hepatosomatik (1,72–2,72%). Sintasan tidak menunjukkan adanya perbedaan (P>0,05) yaitu 100%. Pada komposisi asam lemak dihasilkan total komposisi asam lemak tidak jenuh 30,91– 40,95%, asam lemak n-3 6,10–8,19%, dan asam lemak n-6 6,18–8,19%. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan minyak ikan dalam pakan ikan sidat Anguilla bicolor bicolor dapat dilakukan sampai dengan 5% (kadar lemak pakan 13%). Kata kunci: Anguilla bicolor bicolor, minyak ikan, kinerja pertumbuhan, komposisi asam lemak
Effectiveness of sinbiotic at different doses in Pacific white shrimp pond culture
Authors: Sukenda , , Praseto Rizki , Widanarni ,
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT The increasing demand of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei requires the application of intensive culture system. However, intensive culture system of white shrimp could increase the risk of disease outbreak. The application of sinbiotic may provide solution to the problem. This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of technical sinbiotic on the survival and growth of white shrimp in ponds. This study consisted of four treatments; treatment K (control), treatment A (probiotic 0.5% and prebiotic 1%), treatment B (probiotic 1% and prebiotic 2%), and treatment C (probiotic 2% and prebiotic 4%). The results showed that administration of sinbiotic had no significant differences on survival rate, growth rate, feed conversion ratio, size, and biomass of shrimp (P>0.05). However, based on analysis of business, sinbiotic A provided higher profits to the farmer (Rp10.230) compared to other symbiotic treatments and control. Keywords: Litopenaeus vannamei, sinbiotic, technical media ABSTRAK Permintaan terhadap udang vaname Litopenaeus vannamei yang semakin meningkat membuat sistem budidaya udang sebaiknya menggunakan sistem budidaya intensif. Namun demikian sistem intensif pada budidaya udang vaname dapat meningkatkan risiko timbulnya penyakit. Penggunaan sinbiotik diharapkan dapat memberikan solusi dalam mengatasi masalah tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas penggunaan sinbiotik teknis terhadap sintasan, pertumbuhan, dan keuntungan usaha udang vaname yang dipelihara di tambak. Penelitian ini terdiri atas empat perlakuan, yaitu perlakuan K (kontrol), perlakuan A (probiotik 0,5% dan prebiotik 1%), perlakuan B (probiotik 1% dan prebiotik 2%), dan perlakuan C (probiotik 2% dan prebiotik 4%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian sinbiotik tidak berbeda nyata dalam nilai sintasan, laju pertumbuhan, rasio konversi pakan, size, dan biomassa udang (P>0,05). Namun demikian, berdasarkan analisis usaha perlakuan A memberikan keuntungan lebih tinggi (Rp10.230) dibandingkan dengan perlakuan sinbiotik lainnya serta kontrol. Kata kunci: Litopenaeus vannamei, sinbiotik, media teknis
Combination of garlic - shatterstone herb powder to control Streptococcus agalactiae infection in tilapia
Authors: Fauziah Ririn Nurul , Wahjuningrum Dinamella , Sukenda , , Ranta ,
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT This study was aimed at determining potential of combination powder of garlic Allium sativum-shatterstone herb Phyllanthus niruri supplemented in feed against S. agalactiae infection in tilapia. Four concentrations of combination powder of A. sativum-P. Niruri; 20+5, 20+10, 20+15 and 20+20 ppt respectively were investigated for their ability to inhibit bacterial fish pathogen. Combination dose of 20+15 ppt produced the highest inhibitory zones in in vitro test. In vivo test consisted of three treatments with three replications, namely positive control (K+), negative control (K-) and the treatment of A. sativum-P. niruri suplemented in feed (BM).  The test perfomed on tilapia with weight of 10.33 ± 1.63 g and were reared at density of 10 ind/aquarium. The fish was fed for 14 days, then injected intraperitoneally with 0.1 mL S. agalactiae at concentration of 105 cfu/mL for positive control and BM groups. Survival, growth rate, feed response, hematological and water quality parameters were observed for 10 days. This study showed that the suplemented-feed-fish (BM) showed better growth rate, feed response, and survival (83.3%) than positive control (36.7%) at P<0.05. In addition, A. sativum-P. niruri suplemented in feed was also able to enhance the immune response by increasing phagocytic activity. Keywords: Streptococcus agalactiae, phytopharmacy, Allium sativum-Phyllanthus niruri, tilapia  ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi campuran tepung bawang putih Allium sativum-meniran Phyllanthus niruri dalam pakan terhadap pencegahan infeksi bakteri S. agalactiae pada ikan nila. Empat konsentrasi campuran tepung bawang putih-meniran yaitu 20+5 ppt, 20+10 ppt, 20+15 ppt dan 20+20 ppt masing-masing diuji kemampuannya dalam  menghambat bakteri patogen pada ikan. Campuran dosis 20+15 ppt menghasilkan zona hambat terbaik dalam uji in vitro. Uji in vivo terdiri atas tiga perlakuan dengan tiga ulangan yaitu kontrol positif, kontrol negatif, dan perlakuan pakan yang mengandung bawang putih-meniran (BM). Uji ini dilakukan pada ikan nila berbobot 10,33±1,63 g yang dipelihara di akuarium dengan kepadatan 10 ekor/akuarium. Ikan diberi pakan perlakuan selama 14 hari kemudian diinjeksi secara intraperitoneal dengan bakteri S. agalactiae sebanyak 0,1 mL dengan kepadatan 105 cfu/mL pada perlakuan kontrol positif dan perlakuan BM. Parameter kelangsungan hidup, laju pertumbuhan, respons pakan, parameter hematologi, dan kualitas air diamati selama sepuluh hari. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian BM dalam pakan memberikan laju pertumbuhan, respons pakan, dan sintasan (83,3%) yang lebih baik daripada kontrol positif (36,7%) pada P<0,05. Pakan yang mengandung campuran bawang putih-meniran ini juga mampu meningkatkan respons imun dengan adanya peningkatan aktivitas fagositosis. Kata kunci: Streptococcus agalactiae, fitofarmaka, Allium sativum-Phyllanthus niruri, ikan nila
Optimation of Production Input in White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Culture: A Case Study in UD. Jasa Hasil Diri at Desa Lamaran Tarung, Kecamatan Cantigi, Kabupaten Indramayu
Authors: Diatin I. , Arifianty S. , Farmayanti N.
Published: February 2017

UD Jasa Hasil Diri (UD JHD) is a company in Indramayu which culture the white shrimp. UD JHD started this culture in 2003, and now UD JHD's dam out area has reach 26 ha. Total production of white shrimp in 2006 was 125,854.5 kg.  The production cost of white shrimp culture that must be spending by UD JHD reached IDR 2,842,427,294. This production cost was allocated to get all variable input such as: seed, food, calcium, fertilizer, vitamin, probiotic, medicine, labor, diesel fuel, and gasoline. The used of production input already in optimum condition. Based on the result of linear study for seed used was optimum at 7,830,667 tails, foods at 204,387.7 kg, calcium at 25,170.9 kg, fertilizer at 503.4 kg, vitamins at 75.5 kg, probiotic at 683.4 kg, medicines at 4,279.1 kg, harvests at 1,258.5 hours, diesel fuel at 104,459.2 liters, and gasoline at 1,200 liters. The cost of production input based on linear study was IDR 2,403,220,000. Thus, UD JHD could reduce this cost by IDR 439,207,294 to get 125,854.5 kg shrimps.

Keywords: optimum, production input, cost, white shrimp

 

ABSTRAK

UD Jasa Hasil Diri (UD JHD) merupakan sebuah perusahan yang membudidayakan udang vaname di Indramayu.  Perusahaan ini memulai usahanya sejak tahun 2003, dan saat ini memiliki tambak seluas 26 ha.  Total produksi udang vaname pada tahun 2006 adalah 125.854,5 kg.  Biaya yang harus dikelurkan oleh UD JHD untuk memproduksi budidaya udang vaname mencapai Rp. 2.842.427.294.  Biaya produksi ini dialokasikan untuk memperoleh berbagai input produksi seperti benur, pakan, kalsium, pupuk, vitamin, probiotik, obat-obatan, tenaga kerja, solar dan bensin.  Penggunaan input produksi telah mencapai kondisi optimum.  Berdasarkan hasil uji linier, kondisi optimum untuk benih yang ditebar adalah 7.830.667 ekor, pakan sebanyak 204.387,7 kg, kalsium 25.170,9 kg, pupuk 503,4 kg, vitamin 75,5 kg, probiotik 683,4 kg, obat-obatan 4.279,1 kg, masa pemeliharaan 1.258,5 jam, solar 104.459,2 liter, and bensin 1.200 liter.  Berdasarkan analisis linier, biaya input produksi adalah Rp. 2.403.220.000.  Dengan demikian, UD JHD dapat menurunkan biaya menjadi Rp. 439,207,294 untuk memperoleh 125.854,5 kg udang vaname.

Kata kunci: optimum, input produksi, biaya , udang vaname
Feed efficiency improvement and aquaculture waste conversion to economically valuable product
Authors: Harris Enang
Published: February 2017

Fish farmer cannot reduce feed price, however they can reduce feed cost for fish producing. Feed cost is highly determined by feeding rate (FR); whether in maximum FR or restricted FR, and dissolved oxygen level in water. The present paper reviews a detail explanation concerning both factors on feed efficiency. Amongst other water quality parameters, oxygen is the most important factor and therefore must be closely monitored. Moreover, dissolved oxygen cannot be detected only by visual observation. Biofloc technology and PAS (partitioned aquaculture system) can change waste into bacteria and phytoplankton biomass which can be further utilized as fish feed. The major difference between these systems is in the oxygen requirement. This paper also presents some experiment results and preliminary applications in field scale that have been performed in Indonesia.

Keywords: feeding rate, oxygen, feed efficiency.

 

ABSTRAK

Pembudidaya ikan tidak bisa menurunkan harga pakan, tetapi dapat menurunkan biaya pakan untuk memproduksi ikan. Biaya pakan sangat ditentukan oleh feeding rate (FR); apakah ”maksimum FR” atau ”restricted FR”, dan oksigen terlarut dalam air. Dalam artikel ini diuraikan secara rinci mengenai pengaruh kedua faktor tersebut terhadap efisiensi pakan. Oksigen merupakan faktor yang paling penting di antara kualitas air, oleh karena itu kadar oksigen terlarut harus diukur. Oksigen terlarut tidak dapat dideteksi dengan panca indera manusia. Teknologi biofloc dan PAS (partitioned aquaculture system) mampu mengubah limbah jadi bakteri dan fitoplankton yang siap untuk menjadi makanan ikan. Perbedaannya antara kedua sistem terletak pada kebutuhan oksigen. Artikel ini juga memuat hasil percobaan dan praktik rintisan skala lapangan yang telah dilaksanakan di Indonesia.

Kata kunci: feeding rate, oksigen, efisiensi pakan.