bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urocystis narcissi, a new record from Asia
Authors: Sadiqullah  , Ishaq A. , Fiaz M. , Khalid A.N. , Ahmad H.
Published: May 2017

Urocystis narcissi, reported here from Pakistan, represents a new record for Asia. This smut fungus was collected for the first time outside its type locality in Spain. Narcissus tazetta is recognized as a new host plant for this rare smut.
Lembosia dianesei sp. nov. associated with Peritassa campestris in Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Melo Maruzanete Pereira , Bezerra José Luiz , Intra Moreira Silvino , Alves Eduardo
Published: May 2017

A new Lembosia species is described in association with Peritassa campestris from a cerrado region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The new species is described based on morphological characteristics and compared with other Lembosia species associated with celastraceous
hosts.
Mycelephas levisporus sp. nov. on submerged wood from a freshwater habitat in Brazil
Authors: Cantillo-Pérez Taimy , Mena-Portales Julio , Gusmão Luís Fernando Pascholati
Published: May 2017

A new species from submerged wood in Brazil, Mycelephas levisporus, is described and illustrated. The long conidiophores and smooth wide conidia with slightly constricted septa are the main characteristics that distinguish the new species from the type species.
New records of Caloplaca, Hydropunctaria, and Verrucaria from Turkey and Asia
Authors: Kinalioglu Kadir
Published: May 2017

Three lichen species—Caloplaca oleicola, Hydropunctaria adriatica, and Verrucaria elaeina—are described as new to Turkey and to Asia.
The Impact of Ghanaian Peacekeeping on Domestic Civil–Military Relations
Authors: Levine Daniel H.
Published: May 2017

Ghana has one of the longest histories of contribution to international peacekeeping operations, beginning with Kwame Nkrumah's pan-Africanist support for peacekeeping after independence. It also has the distinction of being one of the most stable democracies in Africa, despite multiple coups and years of military rule. Interviews with members of the Ghana Armed Forces indicate that these two phenomena may be related—Ghanaians who served in international peacekeeping missions, particularly in the 1990s, seem to have developed conflict resolution skills and a horror of internal conflict that help support harmonious civil–military relations.
Preparing for infectious disease threats at FIFA sporting events: What Qatar should learn from the available practices?
Authors: Farag Elmoubasher , Al Romaihi Hamad Eid , Hummaida Abdulrazig , Himatt Sayed , Nour Mohamed , Al-Hajri Mohammed , Al Thani Mohamad , Abugalala Walid , Debacker Michel , Hubloue Ives
Published: May 2017

Background: Qatar is about to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup-WC, this can stress the public health system and resources of Qatar as hosting country. Reducing public health risks and ensuring people's safety at The Qatar 2022WC requires thorough planning and coordination. The aim is to obtain a comprehensive insight into the available practices concerning the infectious diseases preparedness and response for major Sporting events and to advise Qatar W.C-2022 health committee accordingly.

Methods: A desk review of WHO literature in public health considerations during mass gatherings was done, with particular focus on the Communicable Disease alert and response for mass gatherings.

Results: The literature suggests certain critical factors and preconditions for success that are common to most events as well as strategic, organizational, and tactical lessons learned that can be applied for Qatar WC 2022 includes, Comprehensive risk assessment should be conducted before the event, this will allows planners in Qatar to reduce the risk of communicable disease outbreaks associated with WC2022. Plans for risk management and risk communication need to be developed. New surveillance system should be in place for a sufficient length of time prior to the WC and this surveillance need to be divided into three phases, Pre-WC surveillance, WC-based surveillance and Post-WC surveillance.

Conclusion: The challenge for Qatar is to recognize the possible benefits from the outset of planning for the coming 2022WC and to build a positive and Strategic approach to communicable diseases issues into the earliest stages.
Aurum
Authors: Montealegre Dalila
Published: May 2017

La obra de Dalila Montealegre está inmersa en un Realismo con marcada tendencia al Hiperrealismo, por la forma en como aborda el detalle y el uso de la línea aplicada de forma subliminal, con la intensión de estructurar las formas que utiliza.Su obra es poesía dentro de la pintura, por la delicadeza y sensibilidad con que plantea los elementos dentro del espacio. Sus creaciones denotan mucho interés en el Barroco, sobre todo el español, aplicado con la sencillez de la pintura moderna, por su meticuloso estudio del claroscuro.Maestro Julio Martínez CastilloPintor Nicaragüense
Un poeta novísimo: Aldo Vásquez
Authors: Lovo Anastasio
Published: May 2017

Aldo Vásquez (Managua, 1992) es uno de los poetas más destacado de las últimas promociones de escritores nicaragüenses. A los 24 años de edad obtuvo el Premio Leonel Rugama de Poesía Joven que otorga el Instituto Nicaragüense de Cultura.Actualmente se está graduando en Lengua y literatura hispánica en la UNAN Managua y ha pertenecido al Taller de Poesía del Centro Nicaragüense de Escritores y de la UNAN- Managua.
Nimble Fingers and Strong Backs
Authors: Racette Sherry Farrell
Published: May 2017

In many regions of Canada, from the fur trade to the twentieth century, aspects of Euro-Canadian economies have been dependent on a pool of female Aboriginal laborers. This chapter suggests that the “harsh reality” of northern plains and woodlands survival pushed traders into relationships with indigenous women, perhaps initially as companions and helpmates, but increasingly cognizant of women's seasoned proficiencies in harvest and provisioning as well as the tanning and preservation of hides. Without this expertise, the trading enterprise likely would have failed. By the mid-nineteenth century, the reciprocity of indigenous women is demographically confirmed, in fifty-three distinct Métis communities in the Great Lakes area alone, whose inhabitations blended native and European ways of living in highly distinct ways.
Damages to soil and tree species by cable-skidding in Caspian forests of Iran
Authors: Tavankar Farzam , Bonyad Amir E. , Nikooy Mehrdad , Picchio Rodolfo , Venanzi Rachele , Calienno Luca
Published: May 2017

Aim of study: The main aims of this study were to determine of damage level to residual stand and soil disturbance from mechanized selection logging. Area of study: Mixed beech stands in Caspian forests, northern Iran.Material and methods: Point-transect and systematic plot sampling were used for assessing damages to soil and trees, respectively.Main results: 89% of forest soil area was undisturbed or shallow disturbed, and 5.2% was deep disturbed. Soil bulk density of top 10 cm in the winching corridors, ruts and skid trails were increased 10.7%, 20.6% and 32.1% respectively than controlled area. Frequency of damages to regeneration and trees were 12% and 11.2%. The frequency of damages to regeneration was increased with increasing of their heights, but frequency of damages to trees was decreased with increasing of their diameter. The most type of damages was bole wounds in sizes of 100 to 200 cm2 within 1 m from the ground level, and deep wounds. The frequency of damages was different in tree species (p = 0.001). The mean size of bole wounds was 174 cm2, and the mean height of bole wounds was 70 cm from ground level. The intensity of wounds on trees bole were decreased with increasing of their heights from ground level (p = 0.02), while their sizes were increased (p = 0.001).Research highlights: Winching of logs was the main cause of damages to soil and residual stand. The detailed planning strategy will reduce damage to level which is acceptable and predictable.
Giant tuberculous pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia of fallopian tube mimicking ovarian neoplasm - A challenging diagnosis
Authors: Sharma Richa , Bhartiya Vishnu
Published: May 2017

Pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia of the fallopian tubes is an incidental histopathological finding or it causes slight enlargement of tubes. We are reporting a case where 38 years old woman reported with lump abdomen (corresponding to 28 weeks gravid uterus) and hypomenorrhea, was diagnosed as ovarian neoplasm after extensive work up that included tumor markers and CT scan. Staging laprotomy was undertaken, but intraoperatively it revealed massive enlargement of both the tubes. Frozen section and histopathological examination showed tuberculous pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia of fallopian tubes. Bilateral salpingectomy was done. We are reporting this case because of its rarity, where massive enlargement of both the tubes was due to tuberculous Pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia that mimicked ovarian neoplasm on clinical examination and on radioimaging techniques.
The [a,b]-domination and [a,b]-total Domination of Graphs
Authors: Zhang Xiujun , Shao Zehui , Yang Hong
Published: May 2017

A subset $S$ of the vertices of $G = (V, E)$ is an $[a, b]$-set if for every vertex $v$ not in $S$ we have the number of neighbors of $v$ in $S$ is between $a$ and $b$ for non-negative integers $a$ and $b$, that is, every vertex $v$ not in $S$ is adjacent to at least $a$ but not more than $b$ vertices in $S$. The minimum cardinality of an $[a, b]$-set of $G$ is called the $[a, b]$-domination number of $G$. The $[a, b]$-domination   problem is to determine the $[a, b]$-domination number of a graph. In this paper, we show that the [2,b]-domination problem is NP-complete for $b$ at least $3$, and the [1,2]-total domination problem is NP-complete. We also determine the [1,2]-total domination and [1,2] domination numbers of toroidal grids with three rows and four rows.
Quran Objective Solutions to Meet the Needs of Modern Man
Authors: Kalantari Ibrahim
Published: May 2017

The author attempts in this paper to search for objective solutions of meeting Quran focused on human needs, and followed a logical sequence of the discussion. This paper is organized in two parts: the first part reviews and explains human needs from the view of religious scholars and psychology scientists and in the end, lists all types of human needs. The author of this section studies the situation of modern human needs. Which objective solutions, The Quran introduce to respond humanitarian needs, especially contemporary man?The second part that has more volume reviews and explains the objective solutions of the Qur’an to meet human needs. The author of this article, due to the limited scope of this article, considers many of these solutions briefly.
Results of the Treatment of Infected Nonunions of the Lower Limbs Using the Ilizarov Method
Authors: Dróżdż Marek , Rak Stanisław , Bartosz Paweł , Białecki Jerzy , Marczyński Wojciech
Published: May 2017

Background. Infected nonunion is a complex complication of the treatment of long bone fractures. An in creased incidence of injuries, including high energy injuries (often open ones), contributes to a higher incidence of nonunion. These primarily infected injuries cause osteomyelitis, which prevents bone union, resulting in an infected nonunion. The Ilizarov method meets the biological and biomechanical treatment requirements, opti mising the process of inflammation healing and producing bone union.
Material and methods. A total of 54 patients were treated in 2000–2014 for nonunion in the lower limbs with the Ilizarov method, which was used after previous treatment had failed. The subjects underwent intra operative resection of the locus of infection, sequestrectomy and a Judet procedure, followed by the use of the Ilizarov apparatus and bone transport, depending on the defect.
Results. Inflammation healed in 52 patients (96%) and bone union was achieved in 46 patients (86%). Good outcomes with healed inflammation and bone union were reported in 76% of the cases, fair outcomes with tem porary elimination of the inflammation and without bone union in 16%, and poor outcomes without inflam ma tion healing and without bone union in 7%.
Conclusions. Treatment of infected nonunion can only be effective after eliminating endogenous inflamma tory foci, covering skin defects, ensuring a good condition of the skin and soft tissues, restoring normal blood supply to the bone fragments, and good biomechanical fixation of the fragments with dynamisation or compression. The Ilizarov method is a method of choice in the treatment of cases of infected nonunion where other treatments have failed.
Comparison of Quality of Life of Patients after Hip Disarticulation and Those after Stump Lengthening with Modular Prosthesis
Authors: Guzik Grzegorz
Published: May 2017

Background. Disarticulation has been used less and less often in the treatment of musculoskeletal neoplasms; however, in some cases it allows the patient to achieve good oncological and functional outcomes. The aim of this paper is to present the possibilities, surgical technique and treatment outcomes of patients after hip disarticulation and stump lengthening with a modular prosthesis.
Material and methods. Three classic hip disarticulation surgeries and 2 hip disarticulation procedures with stump lengthening with a modular prosthesis were performed at the Department of Oncological Orthopaedics in Brzozów in 2013 and 2014. The present paper discusses the indications, surgical technique and outcomes. Pain intensity was assessed in a VAS scale and physical function was measured with the Karnofsky scale. The mental status of the patients was analysed in the Beck Depression Inventory and the ability to perform daily living activities was evaluated according to Katz. The ability to walk after surgery was assessed.
Results. Patients after hip disarticulation showed considerably worse functional outcomes. The mean physical function score was 53 points in the Karnofsky scale and 3.33 points in the Katz scale. The patients had difficulty walking and did not ambulate with their prostheses. They reported problems with sitting and using the toilet. Patients with lengthened stumps showed visibly better physical function scores, achieving, on average, 65 points in the Karnofsky scale and 5.5 points in the Katz scale. These patients used their prostheses, ambulated efficiently and were independent.
Conclusions. Stump lengthening with a modular prosthesis in patients after hip disarticulation results in significantly better outcomes than the classic procedure.
Inveterate (42-year-old) Hip Dislocation Treated with Arthroplasty. A Case Study
Authors: Pitera Tomasz , Guzik Grzegorz , Biega Piotr
Published: May 2017

Dislocation of the hip usually results from a high-energy injury sustained during a road accident. Inveterate dislocations persisting for many months or years are extremely rare. Selection of an appropriate treatment method is not easy and is always associated with the risk of serious complications. The present authors hope that a description of the course of diagnostic work-up and treatment of a patient in whom a hip dislocation persisted for 42 years will prove interesting and helpful for orthopaedists who may encounter such a case in their practice.
The patient sustained a dislocation of the right hip in 1974. He did not agree to undergo reduction immediately after the injury. Initially, he experienced extremely severe pain and difficulty walking, but gradually learned to walk without crutches and even took up a job. The limb was considerably shortened with only minimal movement in the hip joint. The pelvic geometry was altered and spinal scoliosis developed. In the last several years, the patient experienced a significant increase in pain and a decrease in function that prevented him from walking unassisted. Following a thorough physical examination, and based on computed tomography images, the patient was qualified for hip arthroplasty. An analysis of the available literature prompted the present authors to use a cemented implant and not to use bone grafts. Early treatment outcomes are good.
Testing Fate
Authors: Reuter Shelley Z.
Published: May 2017

Testing Fate looks at the racialized history of Tay-Sachs in the US and UK in its construction as a Jewish disease from the late-nineteenth century through to the present era of geneticization, where people are increasingly expected to make the “right” kinds of medical-genetic choices, including the choice to be screened for genetic disease. Taking Tay-Sachs as its exemplar and with a view to exploring what these developments have come to mean for human agency, the book demonstrates that authentic, free choice in genetic-decision-making on one hand, and responsible biocitizenship in a context of exclusion on the other, are a contradiction of terms.
Life, Emergent
Authors: Arif Yasmeen
Published: May 2017

Life, Emergent advocates for an affirmative life-politic that places the social squarely in the ‘meaning of life’, animating contemporary theory and practice on life in unexplored terrains. It privileges the social by exploring life-worlds of mass violence and questions the ability of the bio-political paradigm to contain a politics of life in the biological. What does an inquiry into life from the ‘social’ look like? Life, as it lives or dies in conditions of violence, in its momentum after damage, inscribes an emerging, dynamic, fluid, ever-changing explosion of relationalities in the cognizable realm called society. While the making and unmaking of life unfolds through these relationalities, so does the making and unmaking of the social. In privileging the social, this book intervenes in the bio-political paradigm and questions its ability to exhaust the ‘meaning of life’.
(Des)institucionalização da Comunidade de Segurança Europeia: limites da aprendizagem de uma ação externa coletiva?
Authors: Valim Magalhães Bruno
Published: May 2017

Ao avaliar quais são os limites da institucionalização da União Europeia no contínuo processo de aprendizagem social de uma ação externa coletiva, analisa-se a construção dos elementos integracionistas europeus de segurança e defesa e monitora-se as relações entre a União e os Estados Unidos nessa matéria. Metodologicamente, ao instrumentalizar o caso europeu como histórico-sequencial e path-dependent, estima-se que a UE foi um sucesso, internamente, por atingir o grau de uma comunidade de segurança madura, mas, externamente, não obteve o mesmo êxito, pois o aprendizado coletivo atingiu seus limites institucionais devido a fatores europeus intrarregionais políticos e técnicos, caracterizando Bruxelas como ainda dependente de Washington em questões de segurança e defesa.  
A academia perante a diplomacia no Brasil: o uso dos conceitos de América Latina e de América do Sul de 1985 a 2015
Authors: Rocha Felipe Ferreira de Oliveira
Published: May 2017

De que forma a academia brasileira especializada em relações internacionais utilizou os conceitos de América Latina e de América do Sul nos artigos publicados em periódicos nacionais de 1985 a 2015? Haveria uma diferença média significativa entre o período anterior e posterior ao ano 2000? Para abordar essas questões, esse artigo faz uso de ferramentas metodológicas fornecidas pela Análise de Conteúdo e pela estatística para entender melhor a forma com a qual os estudiosos da área lidaram com os interesses conceituais da diplomacia brasileira – tanto em sua versão presidencial, quanto tradicional. Para tanto, analisaram-se mil e cinquenta e cinco publicações provenientes de dois periódicos nacionais de alto impacto na disciplina de relações internacionais do Brasil. Assim, os resultados obtidos apontam que, embora o conceito de América do Sul tenha ganhado um maior espaço, é ainda o conceito de América Latina que é mais utilizado pelos pesquisadores.
Social Media as Entrée into Special Collections Reference Works
Authors: Dean Jason W. , Grover Emily
Published: May 2017

Librarians in our segment of the profession have an obligation to prepare not only the next generation of librarians, but also the next generation of collectors and scholars who engage with rare books and archival material. This preparation, in which librarians join with a community of scholars and teachers, can take many forms; employ myriad strategies; and impart diverse skills. Among the skills we share are the physical evaluation of the book itself as an object, placing the object into the historical and social context in which it was created, and intellectual interrogation of the source itself. None of these skills can be employed to their fullest potential without the use of rare book and archival reference sources.
Forging the Future of Special Collections, edited by Arnold Hirshon, Robert H. Jackson, and Melissa Hubbard.
Authors: Braun Jolie
Published: May 2017

Forging the Future is a new collection of essays by some of the most prominent special collections librarians, curators, rare book dealers, and collectors currently working in the field. Originating from presentations given at the National Colloquium on Special Collections, the book explores the current and future concerns of special collections. The 2014 conference was organized by the Kelvin Smith Library at Case Western Reserve University, and the editors of this volume include Associate Provost and University Librarian Arnold Hirshon, 2013–2014 Distinguished Visiting Scholar Robert H. Jackson (also a rare book collector and coeditor of the 2007 Book Talk, a clear predecessor of Forging the Future), and Team Leader of Scholarly Resources and Special Collections Melissa Hubbard.
Amy-Jill Levine. Short Stories by Jesus: The Enigmatic Parables of a Controversial Rabbi
Authors: Gregerman Adam
Published: May 2017

No abstract is available.
Amy-Jill Levine. Short Stories by Jesus: The Enigmatic Parables of a Controversial Rabbi
Authors: Merz Annette
Published: May 2017

No abstract is available.
Contemporary Art Does Not Account for That Which Is Taking Place
Authors: Gillick Liam
Published: May 2017

Contemporary art does not account for that which is taking place
Contemporary art is resilient but increasingly stressed by artists who feel it is not a term that can account for what they are doing.
Abstract
Authors: Gillick Liam
Published: May 2017

Abstraction takes new forms when developed within a context of advanced contemporary art.
The Experimental Factory
Authors: Gillick Liam
Published: May 2017

Production within a discursive context.
Adolescents with HIV and transition to adult care in the Caribbean, Central America and South America, Eastern Europe and Asia and Pacific regions
Authors: Bailey Heather , Cruz Maria Letícia Santos , Songtaweesin Wipaporn Natalie , Puthanakit Thanyawee
Published: May 2017

Introduction: The HIV epidemics in the Caribbean, Central America and South America (CCASA), Eastern Europe (EE) and Asia and Pacific (AP) regions are diverse epidemics affecting different key populations in predominantly middle‐income countries. This narrative review describes the populations of HIV‐positive youth approaching adolescence and adulthood in CCASA, EE and AP, what is known of their outcomes in paediatric and adult care to date, ongoing research efforts and future research priorities.

Methods: We searched PubMed and abstracts from recent conferences and workshops using keywords including HIV, transition and adolescents, to identify published data on transition outcomes in CCASA, EE and AP. We also searched within our regional clinical/research networks for work conducted in this area and presented at local or national meetings. To give insight into future research priorities, we describe published data on characteristics and health status of young people as they approach age of transition, as a key determinant of health in early adulthood, and information available on current transition processes.

Results and discussion: The perinatally HIV‐infected populations in these three regions face a range of challenges including parental death and loss of family support; HIV‐related stigma and socio‐economic disparities; exposure to maternal injecting drug use; and late disclosure of HIV status. Behaviourally HIV‐infected youth often belong to marginalized sub‐groups, with particular challenges accessing services and care. Differences between and within countries in characteristics of HIV‐positive youth and models of care need to be considered in comparisons of outcomes in young adulthood. The very little data published to date on transition outcomes across these three regions highlight some emerging issues around adherence, virological failure and loss to follow‐up, alongside examples of programmes which have successfully supported adolescents to remain engaged with services and virologically suppressed.

Conclusions: Limited data available indicate uneven outcomes in paediatric services and some shared challenges for adolescent transition including retention in care and adherence. The impact of issues specific to low prevalence, concentrated epidemic settings are poorly understood to date. Outcome data are urgently needed to guide management strategies and advocate for service provision in these regions.
Mental health challenges among adolescents living with HIV
Authors: Vreeman Rachel C. , McCoy Brittany M. , Lee Sonia
Published: May 2017

Introduction: Mental health is a critical and neglected global health challenge for adolescents infected with HIV. The prevalence of mental and behavioural health issues among HIV‐infected adolescents may not be well understood or addressed as the world scales up HIV prevention and treatment for adolescents. The objective of this narrative review is to assess the current literature related to mental health challenges faced by adolescents living with HIV, including access to mental health services, the role of mental health challenges during transition from paediatric to adult care services and responsibilities, and the impact of mental health interventions.

Methods: For each of the topics included in this review, individual searches were run using Medline and PubMed, accompanied by scans of bibliographies of relevant articles. The topics on which searches were conducted for HIV‐infected adolescents include depression and anxiety, transition from paediatric to adult HIV care and its impact on adherence and mental health, HIV‐related, mental health services and interventions, and the measurement of mental health problems. Articles were included if the focus was consistent with one of the identified topics, involved HIV‐infected adolescents, and was published in English.

Results and Discussion: Mental and behavioural health challenges are prevalent in HIV‐infected adolescents, including in resource‐limited settings where most of them live, and they impact all aspects of HIV prevention and treatment. Too little has been done to measure the impact of mental health challenges for adolescents living with HIV, to evaluate interventions to best sustain or improve the mental health of this population, or to create healthcare systems with personnel or resources to promote mental health.

Conclusions: Mental health issues should be addressed proactively during adolescence for all HIV‐infected youth. In addition, care systems need to pay greater attention to how mental health support is integrated into the care management for HIV, particularly throughout lifespan changes from childhood to adolescence to adulthood. The lack of research and support for mental health needs in resource‐limited settings presents an enormous burden for which cost‐effective solutions are urgently needed.
Transition from paediatric to adult care of adolescents living with HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa: challenges, youth‐friendly models, and outcomes
Authors: Dahourou Désiré Lucien , Gautier‐Lafaye Chloé , Teasdale Chloe A. , Renner Lorna , Yotebieng Marcel , Desmonde Sophie , Ayaya Samuel , Davies Mary‐Ann , Leroy Valériane
Published: May 2017

Introduction: The number of adolescents with perinatally or behaviourally acquired HIV is increasing in low‐income countries, and especially in sub‐Saharan Africa where HIV prevalence and incidence are the highest. As they survive into adulthood in the era of antiretroviral therapy, there is a pressing need to transfer them from paediatric to adult care, known as the transition of care. We conducted a narrative review of recent evidence on their transition outcomes in Africa, highlighting the specific needs and challenges in these populations and settings, and the different models of care for transition.

Areas covered: We searched PubMed bibliographic database, HIV conference content, and grey literature from January 2000 to August 2016 with the following keywords: HIV infections AND (adolescents or youth) AND transition AND Africa. All qualitative and quantitative, experimental and observational studies including HIV‐infected patients aged 10–24 years with information on transition were eligible.

Results: Few data on transition outcomes for HIV‐infected adolescents are available from Africa settings. Studies mainly from Southern and East Africa reported on the barriers to successful transition, highlighting several gaps. These included lack of adequate infrastructure, staff training and communication between paediatric and adult clinicians as well as the fear of stigma of adolescents and youth living with HIV. Most countries have no specific national guidelines on when to disclose HIV status or when and how to transition to adult care. Several models of care adapted to the adolescent transition question have been implemented in specific settings. These models include teen clinics, peer educators or the use of social media. However, regardless of the model, services are increasingly overburdened and have insufficient human resources. Furthermore, very high attrition has been observed among adolescents and youth compared to younger children or older adults. There is a need to identify sub‐groups at higher risk of loss to follow‐up for targeted care and peer support.

Expert commentary: Although the available HIV‐related data on adolescent transition outcomes are limited, there is evidence of their increased vulnerability during this period. Standardized data gathering, analysis, and reporting systems specific to adolescent transition are essential to improve understanding and adolescent outcomes in Africa.
The New Woman and World History
Authors: Sasaki Motoe
Published: May 2017

This introductory chapter sets out the book's purpose, which is to trace the experiences of American New Women missionaries who went to China during the early twentieth century in order to uplift and modernize young Chinese women. By examining the transformations in the significance of American New Women missionaries' enterprises in China, it shows that views of historical progress on both sides of the Pacific were central to the formation and reformation of the subjectivities of New Women, American and Chinese alike. The book takes the position that the New Woman was also a source of agency tightly entangled with the competition for survival and the idea of historical progress in an age in which modernity was being adopted and incorporated in non-Western countries such as China. Consequently, the rationale for the existence of enterprises undertaken by American New Women missionaries and their relationship with Chinese New Women was contingent on the fluid relations and perceptions between the United States and China, which were shaped, negotiated, and contested within the paradigm of Hegelian variants of world history.
Divergent Paths of Historical Progress
Authors: Sasaki Motoe
Published: May 2017

During the late 1920s and early 1930s, American New Women became more aware of the widening psychological gap between them and their Chinese counterparts. This chapter explores the transformation that occurred among these women regarding their understanding of historical progress, perceptions of their country, and ideas about their own role in China. It was also during this same period, one of national revolution, that the Great Depression exposed the failure of the capitalist economic system (strongly associated with the United States) to the entire world and triggered a change in American New Women missionaries' views toward the place their country occupied in the historical progress of the world. As a result, Chinese xin nüxing began turning their interest away from becoming like American New Women missionaries—urban middle-class professionals. Instead, they became increasingly sympathetic to the plight of the poor, especially those in the countryside, and to the idea of socialism.
The Poetry of Everyday Life
Authors: Zeitlin Steve , Holman Bob
Published: May 2017

This is a book of encounters. Part memoir, part essay, and partly a guide to maximizing a capacity for fulfillment and expression, this book taps into the artistic side of what we often take for granted in everyday life: the stories we tell, the people we love, the metaphors used by scientists, even our sex lives. This book explores how poems serve us in daily life and how they are used in times of personal and national crisis. The text explores meaning and experience, covering topics ranging from poetry in the life cycle to the contemporary uses of ancient myths. The book introduces readers to the many eccentric and visionary characters the author has met in his career as a folklorist. Covering topics from Ping-Pong to cave paintings, from family poetry nights to delectable dishes at his favorite ethnic restaurants, the book aims to inspire readers to expand their consciousness of the beauty that resides in everyday things and to use creative expression to engage and animate that beauty toward living a more fulfilling awakened life, full of laughter. To live a creative life is the best way to engage with the beauty of the everyday.
Kindred Spirits
Authors: Zeitlin Steve
Published: May 2017

In this chapter, the author shares the wisdom and wit of some extraordinary people, the “kindred spirits,” as well as the lessons he has learned from each of them, such as Tony Butler, who made his home in the tunnels of the New York City subway; the photographer Margaret Morton, who took pictures of the structures where many homeless people live in the tunnels and under the bridges of Manhattan; Ethel Mohamed, a seamstress who began to embroider her memories after the death of her Lebanese husband; Moishe Sacks, a retired baker and the unofficial rabbi of the Intervale Jewish Center in the South Bronx; Kewulay Kamara, from whom he learned about how an ancient mythology can shape a way of life far from its indigenous roots; former medicine show doc Fred Bloodgood; the young subway graffiti writer Skeme; and Mae Noell, from whom he learned about publishing, finding your voice, and sticking to your guns. The author concludes by recounting some wonderful expressions he has picked up from his travels.
The Poetry of Ping-Pong
Authors: Zeitlin Steve
Published: May 2017

In this chapter, the author looks at the poetry of Ping-Pong, his favorite sport. According to Marty Reisman, the game of Ping-Pong died in Bombay, India, in 1952. Reisman, nicknamed “The Needle,” was favored to win the World Table Tennis Championship that day. The author says he has always loved Ping-Pong because you can get into a rhythm, hit the ball back and forth across the net for hours, with any racquet, and simply talk. Ping-Pong, like poetry, is a players' sport, not ideal for spectators. Bob Mankoff, the cartoon editor of The New Yorker, claims that there is palpable humor in the game. With Ping-Pong, the author insists that we are all capable of attuning ourselves to the hidden life of sports, a relationship that is about kinesthesia and embodiment.
The AIDS Poets
Authors: Zeitlin Steve
Published: May 2017

This chapter looks at how poetry has been used to serve people with AIDS at the AIDS Day Treatment Program, located on West Twentieth Street in New York City. At the center, the wall leading to the cafeteria is lined with poems, many from poets who have passed away. According to Lila Zeiger, creative and social director, the poems show the shift in the city's AIDS population, from the gay men and drag queens who died in great numbers in the 1980s to the many African Americans and Latinos who succumbed to the disease in the 1990s. Lila, an accomplished, widely published poet herself, taught creative writing informally at the center for eighteen years, from the early 1990s until her retirement in 2000. Her goal was to help her clients express their pain and leave a legacy. Lila passed away in 2013 at the age of eighty-four. Her family chose to hold her memorial service at the AIDS Day Treatment Program.
The POEMobile Dreams of Peace
Authors: Zeitlin Steve
Published: May 2017

This chapter describes the POEMobile, an art truck with brightly painted iron wings arching above its roof and poems in two dozen languages emblazoned on its sides. Jointly sponsored by Bowery Arts + Science and City Lore, the truck projects poems onto walls and buildings, combining live poetry readings and musical performances in neighborhoods throughout New York. As poets perform in their native languages on the street or plaza, a beam of light soars past them and the words float in light above their heads, often several stories high. The projections open with an animated feathered wing brushing words onto the building, an idea inspired by a Martin Espada line: “God must be an owl, electricity coursing through the hollow bones, a white wing brushing the building.” The door of the POEMobile is inscribed with lines of poetry in some of the world's endangered languages.
The Grease Lamp’s Flicker and Flare
Authors: Zeitlin Steve
Published: May 2017

This chapter suggests that each of our souls is akin to that flickering, wavering light dancing upon the stone pallettes of early humans who painted in dark caves. It says a tiny lamp burns in each of us, flickering as we move through the cave of our experience, illuminating the bones of reindeer and fish, the small images of our daily lives. Our peak moments, however, are like the huge painted images—the aurochs, bison, and bulls—that appear suddenly before us in the flare of our lamps. In these transcendent moments, we witness the grand ideas that shape our path. In modern times, we are far removed from the cave painters' world of ceremony. The cave paintings represent a behest from our ancestors to record our own experiences on the page, canvas, stage, or screen so that others might discover them. Only a few of the many painted caves have been preserved, just as most—but not all—of our artistic works are destined to remain undiscovered.
Community Architect
Authors: Larsen Kristin E.
Published: May 2017

This biography of Clarence Samuel Stein comprehensively examines his built and unbuilt projects and his intellectual legacy as a proponent of the “Garden City” for a modern age. This examination of Stein's life and legacy focuses on four critical themes: his collaborative ethic in envisioning policy, design, and development solutions; promotion and implementation of “investment housing;” his revolutionary approach to community design, as epitomized in the Radburn Idea; and his advocacy of communitarian regionalism. His cutting-edge projects such as Sunnyside Gardens in New York City; Baldwin Hills Village in Los Angeles; and Radburn, New Jersey, his “town for the motor age,” continue to inspire community designers and planners in the United States and around the world. Stein was among the first architects to integrate new design solutions and support facilities into large-scale projects intended primarily to house working-class people, and he was a cofounder of the Regional Planning Association of America. As a planner, designer, and, at times, financier of new housing developments, Stein wrestled with the challenges of creating what today we would term “livable,” “walkable,” and “green” communities during the ascendency of the automobile. He managed these challenges by partnering private capital with government funding, as well as by collaborating with colleagues in planning, architecture, real estate, and politics.
A Thinkers’ Network and The City Housing Corporation
Authors: Larsen Kristin E.
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on Clarence Samuel Stein's collaborative approach to community design with a specific focus on the formation and initiatives of the Regional Planning Association of America (RPAA). It first provides an overview of Stein's early connections in housing policy and regionalism, along with his marriage to Aline MacMahon, before turning to the RPAA, conceived by Stein to address housing policy, community design, and regional planning, with the goal of building a Garden City. It also examines the City Housing Corporation's (CHC) community building and design strategy as well as its innovations in mortgage financing; the New York Housing and Regional Planning Commission's (HRPC) advocacy of a comprehensive housing program; the RPAA's participation in the 1925 International Town Planning Conference (ITPC) held in New York City; and the inception of the Radburn Idea. The chapter concludes with an assessment of Stein's advocacy of communitarian regionalism and metropolitanism and the CHC's demise during the 1930s.
Oversight and Assistance
Authors: Hardy Jeffrey S.
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on the most powerful and important institution in the Gulag's new network of oversight and assistance, the Procuracy. By the mid-1960s, Khrushchev's penal system was enmeshed in a multifaceted and robust network of oversight and assistance that helped curb violence and other illegalities, promoted the reeducation of prisoners, and even supported the economic responsibilities of the individual penal facilities. In this manner the corrective-labor institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) were integrated more fully into the party-state apparatus and their surrounding communities, thereby reducing the conditions of isolation that led to abuse. Never again would the Soviet Gulag function as an autonomous empire within the empire.
The Accommodated Jew
Authors: Lavezzo Kathy
Published: May 2017

England during the Middle Ages was at the forefront of European antisemitism. It was in medieval Norwich that the notorious “blood libel” was first introduced when a resident accused the city's Jewish leaders of abducting and ritually murdering a local boy. This book rethinks the complex and contradictory relation between England's rejection of “the Jew” and the centrality of Jews to classic English literature. Drawing on literary, historical, and cartographic texts, the book charts an entangled Jewish imaginative presence in English culture. It tracks how English writers from Bede to John Milton imagine Jews via buildings—tombs, latrines and especially houses—that support fantasies of exile. Epitomizing this trope is the blood libel and its implication that Jews cannot be accommodated in England because of the anti-Christian violence they allegedly perform in their homes. In the Croxton Play of the Sacrament, Marlowe's The Jew of Malta, and Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice, the Jewish house not only serves as a lethal trap but also as the site of an emerging bourgeoisie incompatible with Christian pieties. In the book's epilogue, the chapters advance the inquiry into Victorian England and the relationship between Charles Dickens (whose Fagin is the second most infamous Jew in English literature after Shylock) and the Jewish couple that purchased his London home, Tavistock House, showing how far relations between gentiles and Jews in England had (and had not) evolved.
Medieval Urban Noir
Authors: Lavezzo Kathy
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines how the advent of the city and a money economy in postconquest England prompted a heightened focus on houses and related spaces associated with contemporary Jews. It begins with a brief overview of Richard of Devizes's account of the urban context for the ritual-murder tale he relates in his Cronicon before discussing Thomas of Monmouth's The Life and Miracles of St. William of Norwich as a city text. In particular, it analyzes Thomas's ritual murder libel as a fraught monastic response to the profound urban changes that occurred in Norwich over the course of the twelfth century. The chapter also considers the threat posed to Norwich monks by the Christian mob as well as the shift in Thomas's antisemitism. The chapter concludes by considering William of Newburgh's wholesale condemnation of the city qua city in his History of English Affairs.
In the Shadow of Moyse’s Hall
Authors: Lavezzo Kathy
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the host-desecration libel staged by the Croxton Play of the Sacrament, with particular emphasis on how Croxton intertwines host desecration with commerce. It considers how the play's economic dimensions would have been all the more resonant when performed in the Great Market of Bury St. Edmunds, due not only to the feel, smell, sound, and sight of market life, but also to the looming presence of Moyse's Hall. The grandest secular building in Bury, Moyse's Hall was associated with Jews but not via ritual-murder, host-desecration, or other antisemitic libels. Instead, folklore claimed that the building contained “hidden treasure” controlled by Jews from afar. By teasing out the interplay of commerce in both the play and the town of Bury, the chapter suggests that Croxton doesn't so much affirm the miraculous Christic properties of the host as use the Eucharist to ponder the slippages, oppressions, and possibilities of life under capital.
Readmission and Displacement
Authors: Lavezzo Kathy
Published: May 2017

This chapter considers the seventeenth-century debates over the readmission of Jews, when the English shifted from telling stories about Jewish houses to contemplating the accommodated Jew in earnest. During this period the link between Jews and materiality acquired new urgency in England, as the participants in Oliver Cromwell's Whitehall Conference pondered making a place, literally, for Jews on the island. This chapter examines both the appearance in England of a climate amenable to readmission and the resistance to such possibility, focusing on Amsterdam rabbi Menasseh ben Israel's campaign for readmission through both polemical writings and his own prominent residence on the Strand, as well as Protestant polemicist William Prynne's collection of evidence favoring keeping Jews out of England. The chapter concludes by analyzing John Milton's position on readmission which he expressed in his 1671 play Samson Agonistes, with particular emphasis on his use of architectural figures to address issues of tolerance, Christianity, and Judaism. Instead of the house, however, Milton's preferred metaphor is Solomon's Temple.
Cultural Centers
Authors: Sandler Daniela
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on independent, nonprofit cultural and art centers. Cultural centers such as the Haus Schwarzenberg—the primary focus of this chapter—as well as Schokoladen and the defunct Tacheles may look similar to Hausprojekte at first glance, with a juxtaposition of graffiti and posters over eroded walls, odd sculptures, architectural fragments, grime, and overgrown ivy. However, these spaces are composed with more forethought and coordination, and undergo significant (but selective) repairs, refurbishment, and even preservation measures. These cultural centers also articulate the meaning of their dilapidation clearly and self-consciously in pamphlets, websites, and interviews. They demonstrate that counterpreservation can be premeditated and self-reflective, and not just an ad hoc, opportunistic tactic.