bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attributes that may raise the occurrence of merge conflicts
Authors: Menezes José William , Trindade Bruno , Pimentel João Felipe , Plastino Alexandre , Murta Leonardo , Costa Catarina
Published: March 2022

Collaborative software development typically involves the use of branches. The changes made in different branches are usually merged, and direct and indirect conflicts may arise. Some studies are concerned with investigating ways to deal with merge conflicts and measuring the effort that this activity may require. However, the investigation of factors that may reduce the occurrence of conflicts needs more and deeper attention. This paper aims at identifying and analyzing attributes of past merges with and without conflicts to understand what may induce direct conflicts. We analyzed 182,273 merge scenarios from 80 projects written in eight different programming languages to find characteristics that increase the chances of a merge to have a conflict. We found that attributes such as the number of changed files, the number of commits, the number of changed lines, and the number of committers demonstrated to have the strongest influence in the occurrence of merge conflicts. Moreover, attributes in the branch that is being integrated seem to be more influential than the same attributes in the receiving branch. Additionally, we discovered positive correlations between the occurrence of conflicts and both the duration of the branch and the intersection of developers in both branches. Finally, we observed that PHP, JavaScript, and Java are more prone to conflicts.
Data-centric Model Transformation Approach using Model2GraphFrame Transformations
Authors: Camargo Luiz Carlos , Del Fabro Marcos Didonet
Published: March 2022

Data­-centric (Dc) approaches are being used for data processing in several application domains, such as distributed systems, natural language processing, and others. There are different data processing frameworks that ease the task of parallel and distributed data processing. However, there are few research approaches studying on how to execute model manipulation operations, as model transformations models on such frameworks. In addition, it is often necessary to provide extraction of XMI­-based formats into possibly distributed models. In this paper, we present a Model2GraphFrame operation to extract a model in a modeling technical space into the Apache Spark framework and its GraphFrame supported format. It generates GraphFrame from the input models, which can be used for partitioning and processing model operations. We used two model partitioning strategies: based on sub­graphs, and clustering. The approach allows to perform model analysis applying operations on the generated graphs, as well as Model Transformations (MT). The proof of concept results such as model2GraphFrame, GraphFrame partitioning, GraphFrame connectivity, and GraphFrame model transformations indicate that our Model Extraction can be used in various application domains, since it enables the specification of analytical expressions on graphs. Furthermore, its model graph elements are used in model transformations on a scalable platform.
Development of the Turbulent Diffusion Model of Fine Suspended Substances in the Lower Atmosphere Layer
Authors: KOZII Ivan , PLYATSUK Leonid , ZHYLENKO Tetyana , HURETS Larysa , BATALTSEV Yevhen , SAYENKOV Dmytro
Published: March 2022

A promising direction for solving the problem of air pollution by fine substances is the use of numerical modeling in the development of mathematical models of the transport of pollutants in the atmosphere. An urgent problem in applying mathematical models with numerical algorithms and software is constructing a qualitative model that would meet both the physical parameters and fulfill all the optimal conditions of numerical analysis. The main objective of this study was to develop an algorithm of a mathematical model based on the equation of distribution of impurities in a turbulent medium. That allows considering the simultaneous influence of wind speed, turbulence of atmospheric air, pollution parameters, direction, and wind force on the size of scattering zones. The unique feature of the study is the use of the coordinate splitting equation of impurities distribution in a turbulent environment with subsequent normalization and parameterization of conditions. Finding integrands functions in the calculation algorithm allows obtaining a stable computational algorithm of the proposed propagation model of fine suspended particles. The solution of the function implemented in the Mathcad Prime 7 software. Distributions of concentrations and their levels for various values of turbulence of atmospheric air and dangerous wind speed are received. The most significant number of fine particles is at a distance of up to 4 km from the emission source. Still, there is also the transfer of contaminants at more than 5 km (up to 57 % of the initial emission concentration). The model has convenient software and algorithmic software, the time of calculation of graphic visualizations up to 20 minutes on medium-power computers. The obtained mathematical model can use in systems of forecasting man-caused load on the environment for the prompt solution of environmental problems.
Gefühle, Meinung, Italien-Urlaub. Wie DAX-CEOs als Corporate Influencer auf dem Sozialen Netzwerk LinkedIn kommunizieren
Authors: Atzl Theresa , Graßl Michael
Published: March 2022

Die Unternehmenskommunikation über Soziale Netzwerke hat eine neue Variation erreicht: Vorstandsvorsitzende (CEOs) werden zu Corporate Influencer:innen umfunktioniert und posten für das Unternehmen berufliche, aber auch private Inhalte. Besonders erfolgreich gelingt das auf LinkedIn, dem weltweit größten Sozialen Netzwerk für Beruf und Karriere. Aber was genau posten die CEOs dort? Welche Schwerpunkte setzen sie und was macht sie dort erfolgreich? Dieser Beitrag sucht Antworten mithilfe einer Inhaltsanalyse von 511 Posts von 18 DAX-CEOs. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das Urlaubsfoto aus Italien eine Ausnahme bleibt, die Kommunikation aber von einer persönlichen Erzählweise geprägt ist, die auch stark von Gefühlen und Meinung geprägt wird. Zudem können drei Leitlinien für eine erfolgreiche CEO-Kommunikation auf LinkedIn herausgearbeitet werden.
Entrepreneurial Journalism. Grenzen und grenzüberschreitende Potentiale
Authors: Gossel Britta M.
Published: March 2022

Journalismus wird verändert, z. B. durch Digitalisierung bzw. digitalen Wandel, und kollaboriert zunehmend über Grenzen hinweg. In diesem Kontext spielt Entrepreneurial Journalism eine Rolle, beispielsweise wenn die Entwicklung neuer digitaler Geschäftsmodelle im Journalismus oder zukünftige Kompetenzen in der Journalistenausbildung empirisch erforscht werden. Der folgende Beitrag versucht, die aktuelle Verwendung des Begriffs Entrepreneurial Journalism zu skizzieren, die dort vorhandenen Grenzen aufzuzeigen und grenzüberschreitende Potentiale aus Perspektive der Entrepreneurship-Forschung herauszuarbeiten.
Abwägung ohne Maßstab – zum Grundsatz der Energiesolidarität Anmerkung zum Urteil des EuGH v. 15.7.2021, Rs. C-848/19 P (OPAL)
Authors: Sölter Nicolas
Published: March 2022

Die Handlungen der Unionsorgane im Rahmen der Energiepolitik der Union sind im Licht des Grundsatzes der Energiesolidarität nach Art. 194 Abs. 1 AEUV auszulegen. Ihre Rechtmäßigkeit ist anhand dieses Grundsatzes zu beurteilen.

Der Grundsatz der Energiesolidarität kann nicht dem in Art. 36 Abs. 1 der Richtlinie 2009/73 genannten Erfordernis der Gewährleistung der Versorgungssicherheit gleichgestellt oder darauf reduziert werden; Versorgungssicherheit ist nur eine Ausprägung des Grundsatzes der Energiesolidarität.

Der Grundsatz der Energiesolidarität verlangt in Verbindung mit dem Grundsatz der loyalen Zusammenarbeit, dass die Kommission beim Erlass einer Entscheidung auf der Grundlage von Art. 36 der Richtlinie 2009/73 prüft, ob eine Gefahr für die Gasversorgung auf den Märkten der Mitgliedstaaten besteht, und dass sie die betroffenen Interessen im Licht dieses Grundsatzes unter Berücksichtigung der Interessen sowohl der Mitgliedstaaten als auch der Union insgesamt abwägt.

Der Grundsatz der Energiesolidarität ist nicht auf die in Art. 222 AEUV genannten Ausnahmesituationen beschränkt. (Leitsätze des Verfassers)

Der EuGH hat anlässlich des Streits um die Nutzung der OPAL-Pipeline erstmals entschieden, dass alle Handlungen der Unionsorgane und der Mitgliedstaaten auf dem Gebiet der Energiepolitik einem justiziablen Grundsatz der Energiesolidarität unterliegen. Den Dreh- und Angelpunkt des Urteils bildet die „besondere Ausprägung“ des Solidaritätsgrundsatzes für den Bereich der Energiepolitik in Art. 194 Abs. 1 AEUV. Dabei lässt der EuGH den weiten Kreis verpflichteter Stellen mit der Frage allein, nach welchen materiellen Maßstäben sich die geforderte Solidaritätsprüfung bemisst. Die Begründung des Urteils wirft außerdem die Frage auf, ob die postulierten Pflichten nicht ebenso auf anderen Politikfeldern bestehen sollen. Im Ergebnis droht eine Überfrachtung exekutiver Entscheidungen - im besten Fall durch inhaltsleere Abwägungsprosa, im schlimmsten Fall durch eine Verlagerung politischer Wertentscheidungen in den Bereich der Verwaltung.
Luftkrieg und Recht
Authors: Mensching Enno
Published: March 2022

This book is the first comprehensive historical reconstruction of the law of air warfare. The historical analysis of norms and discourse reveals the subordinate role that international humanitarian law has played in the containment of air warfare. In a historical-chronological manner, Enno Mensching traces the theoretical development and practical observance of the legal norms relevant to air warfare to the beginnings of aviation. Special attention is paid to the critical reappraisal of the discourse on international law and the identification of the discursive legitimation strategies that are reproduced to this day to enforce military interests at the expense of humanitarian protection.
Der rote Styx
Authors: Uhrig Max-Rainer
Published: March 2022

Thanatology as an interdisciplinary field has its roots in cultural sociology. For a long time, the sociology of the Soviet system was limited to political and economic structures. It was not until the collapse of communist rule in the 1990s that a clear view on everyday Soviet life became possible. This book is limited to the deaths and funerals of three communist leaders (Engels, Leviné and Lenin), putting related reflections and rituals into the social context of the respective eras. The necrophilic components of the communist system are presented as the result of the class struggle and its radicalization, class murder. The Stalinist system is examined here with the help of the "necrophilic character" model (Fromm) and the "oriental despotism" concept in order to investigate necrophilia.
Beziehungsgestaltung mit narzisstischen Menschen
Authors: Lammers Claas-Hinrich
Published: March 2022

Sich in eine Therapie zu begeben ist für narzisstische Menschen trotz ihres Leidensdrucks eine große Herausforderung. Merksätze und viele Beispiele aus der Praxis zeigen, wie Helfende ihren Blick deshalb immer wieder auch auf die Stärken und Kompetenzen narzisstischer Patientinnen und Patienten richten können. Und wie sie mit dem hinter der narzisstischen »Maske« verborgenen vulnerablen Selbst eine tragfähige Beziehung aufbauen können. Dabei können so unterschiedliche Verhaltensweisen wie Empathie, empathische Konfrontation, komplementäre Beziehungsgestaltung, therapeutische Selbstenthüllungen, aber auch Humor eine Rolle spielen.
Der Geschichte eine Zukunft geben
Authors: Schädle-Deininger Hilde
Published: March 2022

Geschichte und Geschichten gehören zusammen, wenn aus Vergangenem für Zukünftiges gelernt werden und das auch noch Spaß machen soll. Hilde Schädle-Deininger gibt Einblicke in die Entwicklung der psychiatrischen Pflege von 1960 bis 1990 und zeigt anhand ausgewählter Dokumente, wie sich berufliches Selbstverständnis, berufliche Identität und spezifisch pflegerisch-psychiatrische Inhalte die Basis für fachlich-qualifiziertes Handeln herausgebildet haben – bis zum heute allgemein akzeptierten Paradigma einer patientenorientierten, partnerschaftlichen und zugewandten Grundhaltung, begleitet von kontinuierlicher ethischer Reflexion der eigenen Arbeit.

Das Buch hat keinen Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit, es will vielmehr Denkanstöße geben für neue Erkenntnisse, neue Fragen und die Weiterentwicklung psychiatrischer Pflege.

Ein unterhaltsamen, kurzweiliges und manchmal überraschendes Leseerlebnis!
»Ich konnte da nicht bleiben«
Authors: Riedel Carina
Published: March 2022

Für die Betroffenen bedeutet ein Wechsel innerhalb eines Hilfesystems oder der Übergang in ein anderes häufig eine große Belastung und steht daher schon länger im Fokus der Fachdiskussion sozialer Arbeit. Was bleibt da alles ‚auf der Strecke‘ auf dem Weg durch die Hilfesysteme? Diese Frage – verbunden mit der zuweilen erlebten Hilflosigkeit als Mitarbeiterin – gab im Wesentlichen den Impuls zu vorliegender Forschungsarbeit. Sie richtet den Fokus auf Möglichkeiten und Begrenzungen der Begleitung junger Erwachsener innerhalb gegebener Versorgungsstrukturen.

Anhand von sechs Biografien arbeitet die Autorin die bedeutenden strukturellen Veränderungen für junge Menschen in Hilfesystemen heraus und stellt damit die Perspektiven und Erfahrungen derer in den Mittelpunkt, um die es eigentlich geht: Was bedeuten strukturelle Wechsel für Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene, die in Hilfesystemen leben und erwachsen werden? Wie erleben sie den Wechsel von einem System ins andere? Was bedeutet das für ihre emotionale und psychische Entwicklung? Wie können biographische Brüche vermieden werden und was folgt daraus für eine optimale Begleitung dieser Menschen in Lebensphasen einschneidender Veränderungen?
Molecular Epidemiology of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection in Burkina Faso
Authors: Mahoukèdè Zohoncon Théodora , Alice Ouedraogo Rogomenoma , Wendkuuni Djigma Florencia , Traore Lassina , Clarisse Ouedraogo Teega-Wendé , Ilboudo Maimouna , Ilboudo Regine , Salambanga Catherine , Patricia Guigma Sindimalgdé , Frida Tovo Sessi , Alima Esther Traore Mah , Bado Prosper , Kande Ali , Bisseye Cyrille , Karim Ouattara Abdoul , Marie Angèle Traore Ina , Ouermi Djeneba , Sagna Tani , Théophane Yonli Albert , Marie Christelle Nadembega Wendyam , Obiri-Yeboah Dorcas , Marie Chantal Gyebre Yvette , Mélanie Lompo Olga , Marie Ragnag-Newende Ouedraogo Charlemagne , Simpore Jacques
Published: March 2022

The aim of the present study was to determine the distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) genotypes in childbearing age women, teenage girls, HIV-infected women, women with high-grade precancerous lesions and cervical cancer, sex workers, men, and otolaryngology tumor cases in Burkina Faso. This descriptive cross-sectional study with several target groups, consisted of 2386 samples from Burkina Faso. HR-HPV genotypes were characterized using real-time multiplex PCR. The prevalence of HR-HPV ranged from 15.63 to 72.31% depending on the target population and the nature of the samples. The most predominant genotypes in descending order were HPV-56, HPV-52, HPV-39, HPV-59, HPV-51, HPV-35, HPV-31, HPV-18, HPV-68, HPV-16, HPV-66, HPV-58, HPV-45, and HPV-33. The results of the present study show a wide variation in the distribution of HR-HPV genotypes in Burkina Faso. Genotypes 16 and 18 covered by HPV vaccines only accounted for 32.23% of HR-HPV cases.
Zoonotic Trematode Infections; Their Biology, Intermediate Hosts and Control
Authors: Madsen Henry , R. Stauffer, Jr. Jay
Published: March 2022

Many diseases linked with trematodes are zoonotic, including liver flukes (Fasciola spp., Clonorchis, and Opistorchis are the most common), intestinal flukes (some species of the Heterophyidae), lung flukes (Paragonimus spp.) and the blood flukes (schistosome species). A characteristic for all these species is that they have a vertebrate as final host and have freshwater snail species as the first intermediate host, and for the food-borne trematodes, also a second intermediate host where their infective stage (metacercariae) lodge or in case of the Fasciolidae, cercariae encyst on aquatic or semi-aquatic plants. We describe the biology of transmission with emphasis on the intermediate snail hosts, and the control of these.
Investigation of Knowledge and Behaviors of Intensive Care Nurses on the Prevention of Nosocomial Infections and Related Factors
Authors: Askeroğlu Araz , Saygılı Figen , Balkaya Fatmanur
Published: March 2022

Background: The compliance of the intensive care unit (ICU) nurses regarding infection control assessment is essential for safe and quality health care. It has been seen that the knowledge of ICU nurses about nosocomial infections (NIs) is not sufficient, and they do not apply standard-contamination precautions. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the knowledge and behaviors of intensive care nurses about NIs and related factors. Methods: This descriptive-observational research was carried out in the surgical intensive care units of three hospitals in Turkey. A total of 103 eligible nurses were included in the study. An 80% classification system was used to evaluate the data. Results: The mean score of nurses' knowledge about NIs prevention was 41.52 ± 2.86. The participants' mean knowledge scores on preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia, catheter-related bloodstream infection, catheter-related urinary tract infection, and surgical site infection were 15.86 ± 1.54, 13.08 ± 1.54, 5.98 ± 0.83, and 6.59 ± 0.95, respectively. The mean behavior score for NIs prevention was found as 15.86 ± 1.54. The participants' mean scores on prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia, catheter-related bloodstream infection, catheter-related urinary tract infection, and surgical site infection were 6.93 ± 0.89, 4.77 ± 0.82, 4.67 ± 0.71, and 1.10 ± 0.31, respectively. The mean scores of female nurses' knowledge on NIs prevention were higher than males (P < 0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between the nurses' weekly working hours and their knowledge and behavior scores regarding NIs prevention (P < 0.05). Conclusions: It was determined that the knowledge and behaviors of intensive care nurses regarding the prevention of NIs were insufficient. Also, gender and weekly working hours contribute to knowledge and behaviors related to NIs prevention.
Anxiety Disorders in Children with Functional Constipation: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Saber Sangari Reza , Hashemi Mojtaba , Salehi Bahman , Yousefichaijan Parsa , Rafiei Mohamad , Rezagholizamenjany Masoud
Published: March 2022

Background: Functional constipation as a common disorder in children, may be induce by psychiatric disorders. The present study aimed to evaluate and compared anxiety disorders in children with and without functional constipation. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 200 children (100 cases with functional constipation and 100 children without functional constipation) aged 15 - 8 years. The participants’ age and gender were evaluated and compared in two groups. Moreover, the Spence Children Anxiety Scale (SCAS) (parent form) for children was completed. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24. Results: Of 200 evaluated cases in the case and control groups, there were 46 (46.0%) and 59 (59.0%) males, respectively (P = 0.113). The mean ± SD of age in total, the case, and the control groups were 7.51 ± 1.91, 7.61 ± 0.91, and 7.41 ± 2.49 years, respectively (P = 0.585). Furthermore, SCAS in the case group was significantly higher (33.06 ± 14.4 vs. 24.8 ± 14.9, P = 0.001). Furthermore, the mean of separation anxiety disorder (P = 0.001), generalized anxiety (P = 0.003), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) were significantly higher in the functional constipation group (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Anxiety was higher in children with functional constipation than in children without functional constipation (ie, control group), among which separation anxiety, generalised anxiety, and OCD were significantly different in the two groups.
Restarting Medical Tourism in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Strategic-based Approach
Authors: Mosazadeh Hasan , Faezi Razi Farshad , Lajevardi Masoud , Mousazadeh Hossein , Ghorbani Amir , Akbarzadeh Almani Farahnaz , Shiran Faranak
Published: March 2022

: The present study had a twofold objective, including the reconceptualization of medical tourists’ perceived risk in the COVID-19 pandemic and developing strategies to reduce medical tourists’ perceived risk during the pandemic. These two steps were referred to as a strategic-based approach. The first step defines medical tourists’ perceived risk as the subjective/cognitive (mind-driven) expectations and objective/actual (real-image driven) evaluation of the negative consequences/losses before/after making travel decisions to an unsafe COVID-19 destination. Following that, the associated dimensions were identified, such as psychological, financial, health, legal, performance, facility, and time risks. Finally, two main strategies (country-based and hospital-/clinic-based) were developed to create a safe COVID-19 destination. This study could make significant theoretical and practical contributions to strategic medical tourism management.
Multimediální pracoviště učitele ve výuce hudební výchovy, nauky
Authors: Musil Jaroslav
Published: March 2022

The paper introduces the hardware and software of a teacher’s multimedia workplace and its integration into music education or music theory. It deals with the use of modern interactive teaching technologies and describes the possibilities and advantages of additional music hardware as a more comfortable input and output for users - musicians. It also presents electronic documents as resources for creating teaching materials, their acquisition, modification, and use, and basic software for the teacher’s workplace, its possibilities, and the use of already created lessons. Finally, it provides examples of tutorials specifically designed for teaching music (notes, rhythm, intervals, chords, scales, intonation, etc.), notation programs, programs for recording and editing music, and examples of online applications that can be used in music education.
Example of the Connection Between Musicology and Music Education for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage
Authors: Brunner Georg
Published: March 2022

For schools, the fundamental question is to what extent cultural heritage, and here specifically classical music, can play a role. In the scope of this paper, we will take an approach that places aspects of musicological research at the centre of music education. What role can musicological research play at schools and universities? In the following article, we will show how musicological (basic) research methods can be integrated into university teaching and school music lessons through relevant questions in a project-like approach. The focus is on exploring the musical culture of a region through archival work.
Musical Traditions and New Music in Educational Context
Authors: Dombi Józsefné
Published: March 2022

The topic of the presentation is the traditions of Hungarian elementary music schools. In this school type, music is taught in a higher number of lessons from the first to the eighth grade, in the lower primary years (from the first to the fourth grade) 4+2, later 3+2 lessons a week, the +2 refers to choir practice. The material is traditionally based on folk music, music eras, and the works of Kodály and Bartók. The presentation collects the works of Kodály and Bartók, taught in the eighth grade, and other significant pieces. New music is represented by Miklós Kocsár’s piano pieces and choir pieces.
Filmová hudba jako prostředek popularizace národních hudebních tradic
Authors: Musil Ondřej
Published: March 2022

In general, the paper focuses on the potential of film music to transmit and preserve the typical features and character of national musical traditions in their authentic and stylized form. Specifically, the text introduces the musical peculiarities of selected cultures and nations, which we encounter in mainstream audiovisual works in the form of location links. The use of archival (non-original) music in some film genres is also viewed marginally. The aim of the paper is to point out the basic procedures used in film music to express the local or historical character of the narrative, musical traditions of the displayed countries and cultures, as well as the possibilities of their popularization and use in music education.
Precarity and Insecuritas, between Fear of the Other and Apprehension for the Other
Authors: Petrilli Susan , Ponzio Augusto ,   Semiotic Society of America
Published: March 2022

The sense of precarity is specifically human. It accompanies the consciousness that “what is” is in becoming and can stop being. All lifeforms live through signs, but we humans are also endowed with a capacity for metasemiosis. As semiotic animals, we have self-consciousness, feel responsibility, and feel apprehension: we are consciously aware of our subjection to precarity. G. Semerari called it insecuritas, in relation to both self and others. Fear “of the other” entails a threefold genitive: object, subject, and ethical (“for” the other) genitives. When concern for the other becomes overwhelming, the self may pass from non-indifference to indifference, an escape through identity: given competing identities, the other is not my concern. Yet the other remains inextricably involved, especially in globalization. Apprehension for the other cannot be eliminated. Semiotics explains this in terms of sign-network interconnectivity while “semioethics” develops the relations between signs and values. It insists that life can only flourish in relation to the other (including nonhuman life) and calls for responsibility.
A quest for sustainable peace in South Sudan: the role of everyday religious practices, ceremonies and rituals in robust peacebuilding
Authors: Bedigen Winnie
Published: March 2022

Since 1955, South Sudan has had intermittent civil wars, and sustainable peace has been difficult to attain. There have been numerous attempts that include major international and national political and economic initiatives. Among the social initiatives, The New Sudan Council of Churches (NSCC), perceived to represent all religious practices and people, was considered an essential tool in uniting all South Sudanese, ending conflicts and achieving sustainable peace both within the communities and nationally. However, the inclusion of the NSCC, which represents mainly Christianity and includes Muslim religious leaders, has not delivered sustainable peace. This article utilises ethnographic data to present a socioreligious perspective. It seeks to argue that other South Sudanese indigenous or cultural religious everyday peace practices of ceremonies and rituals can present a robust peacebuilding initiative in the region. It concludes that the inter-relationships of socioreligious practices, an aspect the NSCC peacebuilding processes ignored, are essential in delivering sustainable peace.
A New Tool for Assessing the Understanding of Calculus by Relying on Relational and Instrumental Understanding
Authors: Moosavi Hojjat , Tehranian Abolfazl , Doostie Hossein , Shahvarani Ahmad
Published: March 2022

The changes in high school mathematics books in recent years have led to some changes in the concept of calculus, and majority of learners used to work hard on memorizing rather than understanding. In the early years after entering university, they will be challenged by the same concepts and their application in other sciences. Review of the previous studies have shown that no research instrument has been developed to address such challenges till now. Then, the researchers of the study developed and standardized an instrument. The population consisted of all first-year undergraduate students of engineering and basic sciences fields from of University in Tehran. Using purposeful sampling technique, 162 male and female students were selected. All of them selected had passed the course of calculus 1. The researchers considered some factors and developed an instrument and finally validated it based on those components. Moreover, since there were no available tools to measure the derivative’s relational and instrumental understanding, some questions regarding the concept of derivative definition were designed and added to the end of the questionnaire. Finally, after the investigations conducted through exploratory factor analysis, a research instrument was developed and introduced to measure the understanding of the concept of derivative and its instrumental and relational understanding.

Los cambios en los libros de matemáticas de la escuela secundaria en los últimos años han llevado a algunos cambios en el concepto de cálculo, y la mayoría de los estudiantes solían trabajar duro para memorizar en lugar de comprender. En los primeros años después de ingresar a la universidad, serán desafiados por los mismos conceptos y su aplicación en otras ciencias. La revisión de los estudios anteriores ha demostrado que hasta ahora no se ha desarrollado ningún instrumento de investigación para abordar tales desafíos. Luego, los investigadores del estudio desarrollaron y estandarizaron un instrumento. La población estaba compuesta por todos los estudiantes de primer año de pregrado de ingeniería y ciencias básicas de la Universidad de Teherán. Usando una técnica de muestreo intencional, se seleccionaron 162 estudiantes varones y mujeres. Todos los seleccionados habían pasado el curso de cálculo 1. Los investigadores consideraron algunos factores y desarrollaron un instrumento y finalmente lo validaron con base en esos componentes. Además, dado que no había herramientas disponibles para medir la comprensión relacional e instrumental de la derivada, se diseñaron y agregaron algunas preguntas sobre el concepto de definición de derivada al final del cuestionario. Finalmente, después de las investigaciones realizadas a través del análisis factorial exploratorio, se desarrolló e introdujo un instrumento de investigación para medir la comprensión del concepto de derivada y su comprensión instrumental y relacional.
Subungual Exostosis on the Right Hallux
Authors: Tritto Michael , Mirkin Gene , Hao Xingpei
Published: March 2022

Subungual exostosis (SE) is a benign, relatively uncommon bony growth underneath the nails of the distal phalanx of toes or fingers, with a majority on the toes. Clinically, it has two subvariants—protruded and nonprotruded growths from nail plates—which are treated differently. In this article, we report a case of protruded SE in a teenager with illustrative surgical excision. A 15-year-old boy presented with a painful growth on his right great toe of 6 months' duration. Physical examination revealed a 1-cm-diameter, solid, erythematous, rough, irregular growth penetrating through the skin along the dorsolateral nail bed of the right hallux with deformity of the lateral nail plate. Radiographs showed an elevated mass over the distal phalanx of the right lateral hallux. The mass was surgically excised and histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of SE. The patient had no relapse or recurrence at follow-ups of 6 and 18 months. Subungual exostosis is a relatively uncommon bony growth in the toes. Radiography is favored for the diagnosis. Complete surgical excision is the optimal treatment, with rare recurrence. It needs to be differentiated from other bony lesions, including bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation, myositis ossificans, fibro-osseous pseudotumor, osteochondroma, and enchondroma.
All eyes on attention
Authors: Benedetto Alessandro , Poletti Martina
Published: March 2022

Eye movements are neither necessary nor sufficient to account for the neural effects associated with covert attention.
ACO-Kinematic: a hybrid first off the starting block
Authors: Chaudhary Kaylash , Prasad Avinesh , Chand Vishal , Sharma Bibhya
Published: March 2022

The use of robots in carrying out various tasks is popular in many industries. In order to carry out a task, a robot has to move from one location to another using shorter, safer and smoother route. For movement, a robot has to know its destination, its previous location, a plan on the path it should take, a method for moving to the new location and a good understanding of its environment. Ultimately, the movement of the robot depends on motion planning and control algorithm. This paper considers a novel solution to the robot navigation problem by proposing a new hybrid algorithm. The hybrid algorithm is designed by combining the ant colony optimization algorithm and kinematic equations of the robot. The planning phase in the algorithm will find a route to the next step which is collision free and the control phase will move the robot to this new step. Ant colony optimization is used to plan a step for a robot and kinematic equations to control and move the robot to a location. By planning and controlling different steps, the hybrid algorithm will enable a robot to reach its destination. The proposed algorithm will be applied to multiple point-mass robot navigation in a multiple obstacle and line segment cluttered environment. In this paper, we are considering a priori known environments with static obstacles. The proposed motion planning and control algorithm is applied to the tractor-trailer robotic system. The results show a collision and obstacle free navigation to the target. This paper also measures the performance of the proposed algorithm using path length and convergence time, comparing it to a classical motion planning and control algorithm, Lyapunov based control scheme (LbCS). The results show that the proposed algorithm performs significantly better than LbCS including the avoidance of local minima.
Spring diet and energy intake of tundra swan (Cygnus columbianus) at the Yellow River National Wetland in Baotou, China
Authors: Liu Li , Du Chao , Sun Yan , Li Wenjing , Zhang Jiyun , Cao Litong , Gao Li
Published: March 2022

The Yellow River National Wetland in Baotou, China is an important resting and energy replenishment place for many migratory birds, such as tundra swan (Cygnus columbianus). The energy supply of food available at stopover sites plays an important role in the life cycle of migratory birds. In order to understand diet composition and energy supply of tundra swans for further protection of them, in this study, fecal of tundra swans (C. columbianus) were collected and fecal microhistological analysis was conducted to analyze the feeding habits and the energy supply. Results showed that: (1) tundra swans (C. columbianus) mainly fed on twelve species of plants from five families, including corn (Zea mays), quinoa (Chenopodium album) and rice (Oryza sativa), this is related to local crops and abundant plants. (2) The energy provided by crops to tundra swans (C. columbianus) was significantly higher than other abundant plants in wetlands (P < 0.05), corn and rice were the most consumed food, and other abundant wetland plants play complementary roles. (3) The daily energy intake of tundra swans (C. columbianus) was much higher than their daily energy consumption, the daily net energy intake of tundra swans (C. columbianus) was 855.51 ± 182.88 kJ (mean ± standard deviations). This suggested that the wetland provides energy for continue migrating to the tundra swan (C. columbianus). For further protection of tundra swans (C. columbianus) and other migratory birds, the Baotou Yellow River National Wetland environment and the surrounding farmland habitat should be protected.
A Study on Anatomical Variations of Sacral Foramina and its Clinical Relevance
Authors: Pandey Mritunjay
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The Sacrum is a large, triangular, shield-shaped bony structure, formed by the fusion of five individual sacral vertebrae. Ventral surface of sacrum bears four pelvic sacral foramina allowing the passage of ventral rami of upper four sacral spinal nerves and the lateral sacral arteries. The posterior surface of sacrum bears four dorsal sacral foramina, lateral to the articular tubercles. The dorsal sacral foramina allow passage of dorsal rami of upper four sacral spinal nerves. Aim: The present study was carried out to evaluate the numerical variations of pelvic and dorsal sacral foramina of dry human sacrum. Materials and Methods: A descriptive osteological study was done to look for numerical variations in the number of pelvic and dorsal sacral foramina. Hundred dry adult human sacrum were collected from the Department of Anatomy of Nilratan Sircar Medical College, Kolkata over a period of 2011-2013. Any variations in the number of segments of sacrum were examined. Identification of six segmented sacrum with five pairs of sacral foramina and four segmented sacrum with three pairs of sacral foramina was performed. The data was collected and statistical analysis was done in simple percentage form. Results: Hundred dry adult human sacra were examined for the number of pelvic and dorsal sacral foramina. Three sacra (3%) were found with three pairs of sacral foramina and two sacra (2%) with five pairs of sacral foramina. In one (1%) of the sacrum, lumbosacral transitional vertebra was seen with five foramina on left side and four foramina on the right side of median sacral crest. All other sacra have normal four pairs of sacral foramina. Conclusion: Variation in segmental composition of sacrum results in lumbarisation or sacralisation with altered number of sacral foramina. Persons with these variations may often presents with low back pain. This knowledge of lumbarisation and sacralisation must be kept in mind while doing surgical and anaesthetic procedures in this region. Information of segmental variations of sacrum is important for anaesthetists, surgeons, obstetricians, radiologists and forensic experts.
Association of IHC p16INK4a expression and ELISA Plasma p16INK4a Protein in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Uterine Cervix: A Concept of Liquid Biopsy
Authors: Raju Kalyani , Raghuveer CV , Sheela SR , Sharath B
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the 3rd most common cancer among women worldwide. p16 biomarker is the surrogate marker in cervical cancer and can be detected by Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Aim: To evaluate the association of IHC p16INK4a expression in tissue sections and Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) p16INK4a protein in plasma of paired samples in Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of uterine cervix. Materials and Methods: This laboratory-based observational, pilot study was conducted at Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College (tertiary health care centre) in South India from June 2020 to May 2021. Total 17 new cases of SCC of cervix diagnosed by histopathology were considered for the study. The cases were staged as per International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system and classified by histopathology as keratinising and non keratinising types. IHC p16INK4a evaluation was done on tissue sections and classified as block positivity, ambiguity and negative. ELISA p16INK4a estimation was done using plasma from Dipotassium Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (K2-EDTA) blood sample of same cases. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 software. Results: The age ranged from 30-80 years with mean of 54.3±12.0 years. Plasma ELISA p16INK4a level ranged from 3.4-19.6 ng/ mL with a mean of 7.2±2.35 ng/mL in SCC of cervix. The plasma p16INK4a ELISA levels of 5.1 to 6.2 ng/mL, 6.0 to 6.6 ng/mL and 5.5 to 9.7 ng/mL predicts negative, ambiguity and block positivity of IHC p16INK4a expression respectively in corresponding tissue biopsy. Plasma ELISA p16INK4a levels were maximum in Non Keratinising Squamous Cell Carcinoma (NKSCC) followed by Well Differentiated Squamous Cell Carcinoma (WDSCC), Moderately Differentiated Squamous Cell Carcinoma (MDSCC) and Poorly Differentiated Squamous Cell Carcinoma (PDSCC). Conclusion: The plasma ELISA p16INK4a levels and IHC p16INK4a expression were maximum in higher disease stage compared to lower stage. This was a pilot study to evaluate the association between tissue IHC p16 expression and plasma ELISA p16 levels. Further study has to be done on larger study population with standardised procedure to prove the hypothesis.
Bridging the Gap Between Hospital and Community Mental Health Services for Frequent Emergency Department Visitors
Authors: Cherner Rebecca , Polillo Alexia , Samosh Jonathan , Sylvestre John , Rae Jennifer , Pettey Donna , Aubry Tim
Published: March 2022

Inappropriate emergency department (ED) use is costly. A system navigation service was developed to connect individuals with repeated ED presentations due to mental health or substance use to community services. Management, staff, and clients (n = 37) participated in interviews or focus groups to identify implementation challenges and associated solutions. Referrals were improved through ED staff support and automating the process. The outreach process, decreased service duration, and prompt support with connection to services facilitated program delivery. Two newly funded programs addressed the limited capacity of other services, and technology facilitated communication. Attention to partnerships and flexibility in the design were essential.
ATURA PARIJNANA HETU VIS-A-VIS HEALTH GEOGRAPHY: A REVIEW
Authors: H R Arpita , Katti Anand
Published: March 2022

Health is a state of equilibrium of doshas, dhatu, mala, atma and indriya. In deceased condition it is necessary to maintain the balance between the doshas and bringing back to their normalcy. Ayurveda had described various tools for diagnosing various diseases one among that is roga and rogi pariksha. Roga pariksha is done by assessing nidana panchakas while rogi pariksha is done by dwividha, trividha, chaturvida, ashtavida, dashavidha pariksha.In the context of desha pariksha Acharya Charaka has mentioned bhumi pariksha and In Atura pariksha he has mentioned atura parijnana hetu which explains in detail about relationship between the desha and atura from the birth how these factors contribute a role in developing a disease, which helps in diagnosing the condition of the patient, health geography deals with the interaction between people and environment, It conceptualize the role of place, location and geography in health ,well-being and disease.
Is Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion (rs1799752) Polymorphism Associated with Breast Cancer Risk in Egyptian Population?
Authors: Essobky Hasan H. , S. Abdel–Megied Ahmed E. , El–Mezayen Hatem , Farouk Omar , Refaat Sherif , Hamed Sahar M.
Published: March 2022

Background: According to GLOBOCAN estimates, breast cancer was found to be the most often diagnosed cancer in women worldwide, (11.7 %) and the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality (6.9 %).

Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of the Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism in breast cancer prediction risk in Egyptian population.

Methods: Polymorphism detection analysis was performed on 163 subjects from breast cancer (BC) patients, 79 with Benign Breast Disease group (BBD) patients and 202 controls (C). ACE I/D (rs1799752) polymorphism were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results: The observed genotype frequencies were II 10.9%, ID 78.2% and DD 10.9% in healthy control, II 8.6%, ID 79.1% and DD 12.3% in BC patients and II 12.6%, ID 78.4% and DD 9% in BBD patients. There were no association between ACE gene polymorphisms, between the BC or BBD groups when compared to the control group (ORDD= 1.43, 95 % CI= (0.58-3.52), P= 0.29) and (ORDD= 1.29, 95 % CI= (0.57-2.95), P= 0.37) respectively. There was no risk estimate in BC or BBD when DD vs II + ID (Recessive) or ID vs II+ DD (Over-dominant) were compared to control. Allele frequencies show the same figure. From the different histological BC hormonal markers the Her2 was showing significant association in ID genotype of ACE I/D (rs1799752) (P= 0.04) and dominant model (II vs ID + DD, P= 0.03). Concerning different BC prognostic models, the poor prognostic one of Her2 enriched model (ER-ve PR-ve Her2+ve) show significant association in ACE genotype ID and dominant model (II vs ID + DD), (P= 0.01) when compared to the good prognostic hormonal status.

Conclusion: It seems that this is the first study that interested in correlate the ACE gene polymorphisms in different BC variants characters in Egyptian patients. ACE I/D (rs1799752) polymorphism ID genotype have strong association to breast cancer carcinogenesis, poor prognosis and metastasis. It may be used as practical biomarker to guide the BC carcinogenesis and risk process.
Efficacy of Terminalia catappa Leaf as an Alternative to Synthetic Antibiotics in the Diet of Oreochromis niloticus Challenged with Salmonella typhi
Authors: Omosowone Olajumoke Olamiposi , Adebayo Adetutu Nifemi
Published: March 2022

Terminalia catappa leaf meal was incorporated into 30% crude protein basal diets of Oreochromis niloticus at different inclusion levels of 0 (control), 25, 50, 75 and 100% to supplement yellow maize and diets were designated as TCD1, TCD2, TCD3, TCD4 and TCD5 respectively. Fish (10.38 ± 0.35) g were fed at 4% body weight for 70 days and later immersed in water with 2 ml / l of pathogenic strain of Salmonella typhi for 10 days. At the expiration of the feeding trials, growth performance indices of O. niloticus were significantly different (P< 0.05), with fish fed T. catappa having higher weight gain, specific growth rate and better feed conversion ratio. Crude protein of whole fish body was higher in fish fed T. catappa leaf supplemented diets. Challenge test with pathogenic strain of S. typhi, indicated that survival of O. niloticus can be improved by 50% when T. catappa is incorporated into fish diets. Therefore, incorporating T. catappa into the diets of O. niloticus between 25 – 100% from this study is sufficient to boost growth and improve survival against S. typhi.
Ammi Analysis in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Germplasm
Authors: Ponsiva S. T. , Senthilkumar N. , Anandan A. , Jambhulkar N. N. , Thirugnanakumar S.
Published: March 2022

Seventy genotypes of rice were evaluated under three seasons. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model was applied to ascertain extent of genotype ´ into season interaction (GSI) and also the stability of rice genotypes over three seasons. Significant difference was observed by AMMI analysis among the 70 genotypes as well as seasons. The sum of the first principal component accounted to 87.04% of the GSI. In the present inquiry, the genotypes viz., G26 (484.45 mg), G17 (474.78 mg) and G31 (377.87 mg) registered with high mean per day productivity and coupled with higher PCA scores. The aforementioned genotypes are exclusively suitable for favourable seasons. The genotypes G7 and G11, were nearer to the center point axes. They were influenced with the seasons. These genotypes had maximum per day productivity as well as stability and hence suitable for different seasons.