bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SAMPL7 TrimerTrip Host-Guest Binding Affinities from Extensive Alchemical and End-Point Free Energy Calculations
Authors: Huai Zhe , Yang Huaiyu , Li Xiao , Sun Zhaoxi
Published: September 2020

The prediction of host-guest binding affinities with computational modelling is still a challenging task. In the 7th statistical assessment of the modeling of proteins and ligands (SAMPL) challenge, a new host named TrimerTrip was synthesized and the thermodynamic parameters of 16 structurally diverse guests binding to the host were characterized. In the TrimerTrip-guest challenge, only structures of the host and the guests are provided, which indicates that the predictions of both the binding poses and the binding affinities are under assessment. In this work, starting from the binding poses obtained from our previous enhanced sampling simulations in the configurational space, we perform extensive alchemical and end-point free energy calculations to calculate the host-guest binding affinities retrospectively. The alchemical predictions with two widely accepted charge schemes (i.e. AM1-BCC and RESP) are in good agreement with the experimental reference, while the end-point estimates perform poorly in reproducing the experimental binding affinities. Aside from the absolute value of the binding affinity, the rank of binding free energies is also crucial in drug design. Surprisingly, the end-point MM/PBSA method seems very powerful in reproducing the experimental rank of binding affinities. Although the length of our simulations is long and the intermediate spacing is dense, the convergence behavior is not very good, which may arise from the flexibility of the host molecule. Enhanced sampling techniques in the configurational space may be required to obtain fully converged sampling. Further, as the length of sampling in alchemical free energy calculations already achieves several hundred ns, performing direct simulations of the binding/unbinding event in the physical space could be more useful and insightful. More details about the binding pathway and mechanism could be obtained in this way. The nonequilibrium method could also be a nice choice if one insists to use the alchemical method, as the intermediate sampling is avoided to some extent.
MoleculARweb: A Website for Chemistry and Structural Biology Education Through Interactive Augmented Reality out of the Box in Commodity Devices
Authors: Cortés Rodríguez Fabio , Frattini Gianfranco , Krapp Lucien , Martinez-Huang Hassan , Moreno Diego , Salomón Jorge , Stemkoski Lee , Träger Sylvain , Dal Peraro Matteo , Abriata Luciano
Published: September 2020

Here we introduce MoleculARweb, a purely web-based AR platform for chemistry, molecular and structural biology education that runs out of the box in regular web browsers in ordinary computers, laptops, tablets and smartphones. Through regular-printed markers recognized via the device’s webcam, students and teachers can handle molecules in an AR environment to interactively explore their structure, dynamics and interactions. The release version of MoleculARweb features over 20 activities covering topics about molecular shapes, atomic and molecular orbitals, acid-base equilibria and hydrogen bonding, protein and nucleic acid structures, X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy, and molecular mechanics; applicable from high school to early university levels. MoleculARweb is freely available without registration at https://MoleculARweb.epfl.ch in 6 languages.
Synthesis of Cyclopentenones with Reverse Pauson-Khand Regiocontrol via Ni-Catalyzed C–C Activation of Cyclopropanone
Authors: Jang Yujin , Lindsay Vincent
Published: September 2020

A formal [3+2] cycloaddition between cyclopropanone and alkynes via Ni-catalyzed C–C bond activation has been developed, where 1-sulfonylcyclopropanols are employed as key precursors of cyclopropanone in the presence of trimethylaluminum. The transformation provides access to 2,3-disubstituted cyclopentenones with complete regiocontrol, favoring reverse Pauson-Khand products where the large substituent is located at the 3-position of the ring. In the process, the trimethylaluminum additive is thought to play multiple roles, including as a Brønsted base triggering the equilibration to cyclopropanone and liberation of methane, as well as a source of Lewis acid to activate the carbonyl group toward Ni-catalyzed C–C activation.
Mechanosynthesis of a Coamorphous Formulation of Creatine with Citric Acid and Humidity–Mediated Transformation into a Cocrystal
Authors: Pekar Kyle B , Lefton Jonathan B , McConville Christina , Burleson Jewel , Sethio Daniel , Kraka Elfi , Runcevski Tomce
Published: September 2020

We report a simple, efficient, and scalable mechanochemical method of preparation of new creatine fitness supplement with increased solubility (compared to the creatine monohydrate) and decreased acidity (compared to creatine hydrochloride).
Photocatalytic α-Alkylation of Amines with Alkyl Halides
Authors: Leng Lingying , Ready Joseph
Published: September 2020

a-Branched amines represent essential building blocks for organic synthesis. They are traditionally prepared through nucleophilic addition to imines. These methods often require highly reactive organometallic reagents and proceed under rigorous air- and moisture-free conditions. Here we describe an alternative approach that involves a net dehydrogenative coupling between alkyl bromides and amines. Mechanistically, the reaction likely involves photocatalytic generation of an a-amino radical and a stabilized carbon-centered radical (allyl, benzyl, a-carbonyl) followed by radical recombination. This approach offers a mild, atom-economical, redox neutral synthesis of a-branched amines that shows broad scope and avoids pre-metalated reagents.
Efficient Polymer-Mediated Delivery of Ribonucleoprotein Payloads Through Combinatorial Design & Parallelized Experimentation
Authors: Kumar Ramya , Le Ngoc , Tan Zhe , Brown Mary E. , Jiang Shan , Reineke Theresa M.
Published: September 2020

Genome editing is almost completely reliant on viral delivery to achieve therapeutic goals, hindering widespread clinical adoption. Chemically defined delivery vehicles such as cationic polymers are versatile alternatives to engineered viruses, but their clinical translation hinges on rapidly exploring vast chemical design spaces and deriving structure-function relationships governing delivery performance. Here, we discovered a polymer for efficient ribonucleoprotein (RNP) delivery through combinatorial polymer design and parallelized experimental workflows. A chemically diverse library of 43 statistical copolymers was synthesized via combinatorial RAFT polymerization, realizing systematic variations in physicochemical properties. We selected cationic monomers that varied in their pKa values (8.1 to 9.2) as well as in the steric bulk and lipophilicity of their alkyl substituents. We also incorporated co-monomers of varying hydrophilicity and elucidated the roles of protonation equilibria and hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance. We screened our multiparametric vector library through image cytometry and rapidly uncovered a hit polymer (P38), which outperforms state-of-the-art commercial transfection reagents, achieving nearly 60\% editing efficiency via non-homologous end-joining. Structure-function correlations underlying editing efficiency, cellular toxicity, and RNP uptake were probed through unbiased statistical learning approaches to uncover the physicochemical basis of P38's performance. Although cellular toxicity and RNP uptake were solely determined by polyplex size distribution and protonation degree respectively, these two polyplex design parameters were found to be inconsequential during RNP delivery. Instead, polymer hydrophobicity and the Hill coefficient, a parameter describing cooperativity-enhanced polymer deprotonation, were identified as the critical determinants of RNP delivery. Our unconventional approach not only discovered a novel polymeric vehicle that may have remained inaccessible to chemical intuition, but also yielded statistically derived design rules to guide the synthesis of future polymer libraries.
Analyzing Mechanisms in Co(I) Redox Catalysis Using a Pattern Recognition Platform
Authors: Tang Tianhua , Sandford Christopher , Minteer Shelley D. , Sigman Matthew
Published: September 2020

Redox catalysis has been broadly utilized in electrochemical synthesis due to its kinetic advantages over direct electrolysis. The appropriate choice of redox mediator can avoid electrode passivation and overpotential, which strongly inhibit the efficient activation of substrates in electrolysis. Despite the benefits brought by redox catalysis, establishing the precise nature of substrate activation remains challenging. Herein, we determine that a Co(I) complex bearing two N,N,N-tridentate ligands acts as a competent redox catalyst for the reduction of benzyl bromide substrates. Kinetic studies combining electroanalytical techniques with multivariable linear-regression analysis were conducted, disclosing an outer-sphere electron-transfer mechanism, which occurs in concert with C–Br bond cleavage. Furthermore, we apply a pattern recognition platform to distinguish between mechanisms in the activation of benzyl bromides, found to be dependent on the ligation state of the cobalt(I) center and ligand used.
Hubungan Faktor Suhu dan Kelembaban Dengan Kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di Kota Bandar Lampung
Authors: Putri Devita Febriani , Triwahyuni Tusy , Husna Ismalia , Sandrawati Sandrawati
Published: September 2020

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan penyakit tular vektor pada manusia yang disebabkan oleh virus dengue  (DENV) dan disebarkan oleh nyamuk Aedes aegypti sebagai vektor utama. Kasus DBD di kota Bandar Lampung cenderung meningkat serta berpotensi menimbulkan Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) setiap tahunnya. Perubahan iklim dapat berpengaruh terhadap pola penyebaran dan meningkatkan resiko penularan DBD. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui korelasi antara faktor suhu dan kelembaban dengan kasus DBD di kota Bandar Lampung tahun 2016-2018. Jenis penelitian menggunakan data sekunder dengan metode rancangan korelasi. Data sekunder berupa kasus DBD didapatkan dari Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bandar Lampung serta data suhu dan kelembaban didapatkan dari Stasiun Meteorologi Klas IV Maritim Tanjung Karang. Analisis univariat dilakukan untuk mengetahui distribusi frekuensi kasus DBD, suhu dan kelembababan, dan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara variabel suhu dan kelembaban dengan DBD dilakukan uji korelasi Pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan bermakna antara suhu dan kasus DBD dan tidak ada korelasi antara kelembaban dengan kasus DBD. Program pencegahan dan pemberantasan penyakit DBD dapat ditingkatkan melalui kerjasama Dinas Kesehatan Kota dan BMKG kota Bandar Lampung, agar masyarakat lebih meningkatkan kewaspadaan dini terhadap penyakit DBD ketika memasuki bulan tertentu (pada kondisi suhu rendah dan kelembaban tinggi) sesuai dengan informasi BMKG.
Literature Review: Depresi Postpartum
Authors: Sari Retno Arienta
Published: September 2020

Postpartum depression is a mood disorder that occurs after delivery. This disorder usually occurs around 2-6 weeks after giving birth. Research shows that the incidence of postpartum depression is 1 to 2 of 1000 births and that 25% of mothers who have just given birth experience severe postpartum depression and that in mothers giving birth to their next child around 20%. Symptoms of postpartum depression include depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure in the activity, impaired appetite, sleep disturbance, physical agitation or psychomotor slowdown, weakness, feeling useless, difficulty concentrating, even suicidal ideation. It is important to do an early diagnosis of postpartum depression to both prevent and make symptoms worse. Mothers with postpartum depression need to get broad and maximum management from various parties, including families, closest people, and health workers from multidisciplinary sciences. In its handling, non-pharmacological therapies can be given such as psychological therapy and changes in daily behavior and also pharmacological therapies that previously need to be consulted to doctors such as tricyclic antidepressant drugs (TCAs) to reduce symptoms of postpartum depression.
Perbedaan Glasgow Coma Scale dan Rapid Emergency Medicine Score dalam Memprediksi Outcome Pasien Trauma Kepala di Instalasi Gawat Darurat
Authors: Mulyono Didik
Published: September 2020

Initial assessment of patients with head trauma is an influence on the management of patients with head trauma. GCS was developed to describe the level of consciousness in patients with head trauma. Whereas REMS is a scoring system that has been used widely in various countries to predict the mortality of patients coming to the emergency room. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the effectiveness of REMS and GCS scoring on the outcome of head trauma patients in the Emergency Departement. This study uses an analytic observational design with a retrospective cohort approach. The sample consisted ofÂ  181 patients where the sampling was carried out using a purposive sampling technique in which the researchers selected samples according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the existing population. Bivariate analysis conducted in this study used the Somers'd test and the Spearman test. The Area Under Receiver Operating Characteristics (AUROC) is used to assess the ability of REMS and GCS scoring to distinguish good outcomes and bad outcomes. The results of this study indicate that REMS and GCS scoring has a p-value<0,05 which means there is a significant relationship with the outcome of head trauma patients. From the results of the AUROC analysis, the AUC value was 0.753 for REMS, and the AUC was 0.769 for GCS. The ability of REMS and GCS to predict the outcome of head trauma patients shows good performance. So that both can be considered used as an early detection system or Early Warning Score System (EWSS) in head trauma patients in the Emergency Departement.
Peningkatan Kadar Hemoglobin Remaja Putri dengan Pemberian Kukis Pelangi Ikan Gaguk (Arius thalassinus)
Authors: Cahyati Dwi Putri , Simanjuntak Betty Yosephin , Rizal Ahmad
Published: September 2020

Women have a higher risk of anemia, especially in young women. This study aimed to determine the effect of giving the rainbow fish cookies (Arius thalassinus) to changes in hemoglobin levels in young girls in Pancasila MTs Bengkulu City. This study was a pre-experimental design study with one group pretest and posttest design. The sampling technique was done by purposive sampling as many as 37 people. The treatment given is in the form of 10 pieces (100gr) rainbow fish cookies for 30 days to young women. This research was carried out by checking the levels of hemoglobin before and after the administration of the rainbow fish cookies. The analysis used is the dependent parametric T-test. The average recall of young women 3x24 hours was Fe intake by 5,40mg, protein intake by 40,4 grams, and vitamin C intake by 5,7mg. In the provision of cookies rainbow fish (Arius thalassinus) obtained an average value of hemoglobin levels before that is 10,70g/dL and after being given treatment to 12,87g/dL with a p-value of 0,000 (<0,05). There is an effect of giving cookies rainbow fish to hemoglobin levels in young girls in Pancasila MTs Bengkulu City.
Pencegahan Transmisi Virus Hepatitis B pada Masa Perinatal
Authors: Bustami Aditya , Anita Anita
Published: September 2020

Hepatitis adalah peradangan pada sel-sel hati, yang bisa disebabkan oleh infeksi (virus, bakteri, parasit), obat-obatan (termasuk obat tradisional), konsumsi alkohol, lemak yang berlebih dan penyakit autoimun . Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara di Asia tenggara yang menduduki salah satu negara dengan endemis  hepatitis. Metode dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah studi literatur (literature review).Wanita hamil dengan infeksi virus hepatitis B akut memiliki jalur yang tidak jauh berbeda dengan populasi orang dewasa, tetapi risiko penularan Hepatitis B ke neonatus meningkat pada masa kehamilan, saat infeksi akut terjadi.Infeksi Hepatitis B kronis biasanya dapat meningkat setelah melahirkan.Risiko penularan perinatal tertinggi pada wanita dengan tingkat viraemia tinggi; hal ini menjelaskan kegagalan imunoprofilaksis.Penularan terbesar terjadi kepada bayi yang dilahirkan oleh ibu dengan positif hepatitis B. Penularan terhadap bayi terjadi ketika masih dalam kandungan, saat melahirkan dan setelah persalinan. Pencegahan hepatitis B dapat dilakukan dengan melakukan skrining pada saat pemeriksaan kehamilan pertama.Untuk menurunkan angka transmisi penularan hepatitis B, dianjurkan ibu hamil dengan positif hepatitis B melakukan persalinan dengan metode sectio caesaria elektif.
Pengaruh Senam Kegel terhadap Penyembuhan Luka pada Ibu Post Partum
Authors: Fitri Eka Yulia , Aprina Aprina , Setiawati Setiawati
Published: September 2020

Risiko tinggi/komplikasi adalah keadaan penyimpangan dari normal, yang secara langsung menyebabkan kesakitan dan kematian ibu maupun bayi. Tujuan Penelitian : diketahui pengaruh senam kegel terhadap penyembuhan luka pada ibu post partum. Jenis  penelitian kuantitatif, desain penelitian metode quasi eksperimen dengan pendekatan Post test with control group design, objek penelitian adalah pengaruh senam kegel dengan ruptur perineum. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu bersalin. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu bersalin primi dengan jumlah sampel adalah 60 responden. Analisis data menggunakan uji t independen. Hasil Penelitian: Rata-rata penyembuhan luka pada kelompok eksperimen sebelum senam kegel adalah 10,73 dan setelah senam kegel 4.40. Rata-rata penyembuhan luka pada kelompok kontrol pada pengukuran pertama adalah 10.53 dan pengukuran kedua 5.20. Ada penyembuhan luka pada ibu post partum (p-value 0,015) dengan nilai beda mean 0,800 dan t-test 2,592. Kepada perawat diharapkan selalu mengajarkan senam kegel pada ibu hamil dan terutama pada ibu-ibu primigravida.

 
Difference of Red Blood Cell Count (RBC) Levels in Diabetes Mellitus Type II with Ulcers and without Ulcers
Authors: Mushlih Miftahul
Published: September 2020

Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder that has potential causing ulcer complications. Ulcers occur due to peripheral vascular abnormalities and trauma. The occurrence of ulcers allows differences in the hematology characteristics in sufferers. This study aimed to determine the comparison of the blood picture between T2DM with ulcers and T2DM without ulcers. This was analytical descriptive research using 29 samples (10 T2DM samples with ulcers and 19 T2DM samples without ulcers). A complete blood test was performed using Sysmex Kx-21N hematology analyzer. Data were analyzed using Independent T-test and Mann-Whitney U depends on the normality. Normality was done using Shapiro Wilk (Confident Level: 95%). The results of this study indicated that Red blood cell count (RBC) and Hemoglobin Count (HGB) differ significantly between T2DM with ulcers and T2DM without ulcers (p: 0.012 and 0.006). The identification of HGB levels was highly recommended to get proper treatment in T2DM.
Effectiveness of Apu-Organic Liquid Fertilizer (Pistia stratiotes L.) on Ipomoea reptans Poir. Growth
Authors: Pratiwi Ambar , Nurrohmi Arni Isma
Published: September 2020

Fertilization uses organic fertilizers made of Apu-apu (Pistia stratiotes L.) can support nutrient availability there by increasing soil fertility. P. stratiotes L. contains nutrients but in elemental form that is not yet available. So far, the abundance of P. stratiotes L. has not been utilized properly by the society, hence that research is needed to make liquid organic fertilizer P. stratiotes L. by fermentation. The purpose of this study was to determine the increase in the growth of Ipomoea reptans Poir. by giving apu-apu liquid organic fertilizer and determine the optimum concentration of liquid organic fertilizer for apu-apu for the growth of ground water spinach. This research was conducted at the Kemusuh Green House, Banyurejo, Tempel, Sleman. The independent variable used was the POC concentration of Apu-apu plants with five replications and six levels of treatment (K = 0%, P1 = 4%, P2 = 8%, P3 = 12%, P4 = 16% and P5 = 20%). The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA followed by the Duncan Test. Apu-apu liquid organic fertilizer contains elements C (4.6%), N (0.07%), P (0.09%) and K (0.07%). The application of liquid organic fertilizer made from apu-apu has an effect on the growth of water spinach on the parameters of the number of leaves, leaves width, fresh weight and chlorophyll content. The conclusion obtained from the results of this study is that the application of liquid organic fertilizer apu-apu provides an increase in the growth of ground water spinach.
The Phenetic Relationship of Ferns (Polypodiaceae) at the Ascent of Cemoro Kandang, Mount Lawu
Authors: Sianturi Advend Sri Rizky
Published: September 2020

The fern is one of the highly diverse vascular plant species, which has a unique characteristic. The closely related at the family level because the genera within each family have some uniformity so that the relationship and groupings cannot be distinguished. One example of a diverse fern family is Polypodiaceae. Consequently, it is necessary to simplify the classification; one of them is through phenetic relationship analysis. This study aimed to analyze the phenetic relationship of the Polypodiaceae ferns in Climbing Cemoro, Mouth Lawu enclosure, Karangayar Regency, based on the similarity index on the dendogram. The data were collected using the exploration method and the sporophyte morphological characters were observed. The observations obtained 13 variations of characters. The relationship analysis was carried out with the hierarchical cluster program using SPSS 23. There were six species found from the Polypodiaceae family, there were including Belvisia mucronata, Goniophlebium sp, Lepisorus sp, Pyrrosia piloselloides, Crypsinus taeniatus and Drynaria sparsisora. The finding suggests that six species are divided into two clusters, the Group I consisting of Goniophlebium sp, Lepisorus sp, Lepisorus sp, and Pyrrosia pilloselloides with a similarity coefficient index of 53% and Group II consisting of Drynaria sparsisora, Goniophlebium sp, and Pyrrosia piloselloides with a similarity index of 46%.
Economic analysis of tilapia-carp polyculture in a selected area of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Ataur , Toky Md. Tanzim , Islam Mohammad Shahidul , Mukta Mezamun-Ara
Published: September 2020

Aquaculture is moving on the way of intensification to fulfill the increasing demand of protein as capture fisheries are declining. The study was conducted to identify the socioeconomic characteristics, analyze the tilapia-carp polyculture system, profitability of tilapia-carp polyculture, and credit profile of the stratified randomly selected 50 sample farmers from Sherpur district in Bangladesh. Primary data were collected through field survey using an interview schedule. Some statistical measures like average percentage and ratios were calculated. The findings revealed that 36% of the respondents belonged to the age group of 25-29 years, 68% belong to medium family size (5 to 6 people), 44% respondents’ education level was higher secondary, 44% respondents’ primary occupation was fish farming and 46 % of were belonged to in annual income level of Tk. 150001-200000 ($1770 - $2360). Average fingerlings released in the tilapia-carp polyculture were 24240 per hectare per year. Most of the fingerlings collected from private hatcheries. The annual per hectare production of tilapia and carp were 8028 kg and 11085 kg., respectively. Per hectare per year gross cost, gross margin, gross return and net return were Tk. 1093008 ($12897), Tk. 759447 ($8961), Tk. 1735455 ($20477) and Tk. 642447 ($7580), respectively. The BCR of tilapia-carp polyculture for cash cost was 1.78 and full cost was 1.59. About 20% of the respondents took loan from different sources and they received 84.51% of their applied amount and 84.73 % of the loan money used in productive purposes. Mortality of fingerlings, the high price of the ingredient, low price of fish, high interest rate and non-availability of good quality fingerlings at proper time were identified to be the major problems in conducting pond fish production. Government and other agencies should come forward to provide subsidized feed, technical supports and credit facilities for the tilapia-carp fish farmers to make the enterprise effectively.
Analysing the consumer preference of fluid milk in province no. 2 of Nepal
Authors: Shingh Shuvam , Yadav Om Prakash , Ghimire Sarthak , Dahal Niroj
Published: September 2020

Information is an asset for any industry. Some information such as the consumer preference is hidden deep in the mind of the consumer which is difficult to access. Studies have revealed that the consumer preferences can be measured effectively and their research may provide a deeper understanding of the choices that consumers make when deciding to select an offer against another. Milk is one of the major components of diet for the people around the globe. The demand for milk and other dairy products is generally income elastic. The marketing of fluid milk is not similar as compared to other consumer-based goods. The demand for milk and milk products depend considerably on the consumption pattern, food habits, geographical region, urbanization and life style. The study was conducted to analyse the consumer preference of fluid milk in Province no. 2 of Nepal. Rautahat and Saptari districts from Province no. 2 were selected for the study. The total sample size of 180 household was selected for study but data from 159 households was only taken for consideration. Consumer preference was analysed using tabular and percentage analysis. Garret’s ranking technique was adopted to analyse the reason for preference of fluid milk by household consumer. From the study it was clear that almost all the households irrespective of the income and other socio-economic factors, preferred fluid milk. Nutritive value was found to be the most important reason for preference of fluid milk. The other reason for preference of fluid milk were taste, quality, availability, price and satisfaction. The consumption of fluid milk was found to be dependent over several socio- economic factors such as education, income, gender etc. The differences in consumption behaviour of the consumers provide an important inference to marketing and promotion strategies of dairy/ food products. Different promotion strategies based on different consumption determinants are perhaps necessary for effective marketing in a specific area.
Seeds infection of Fusarium moniliforme in different Rice varieties grown in mid-hills of Nepal
Authors: Pandey Poonam , Timila Ram Devi , Airee Sandeep
Published: September 2020

Fusarium moniliforme is one of the important seed-borne fungi responsible for foot rot disease in rice. The study was conducted at the Plant Pathology Division of NARC, Khumaltar from July- December 2019 to find out the level of seed infection of F. moniliforme in different varieties of rice from mid-hills of Nepal. A total of 20 seed samples of different varieties of rice with 240 seeds of each sample were tested following a deep-freeze blotter method distributing 80 seeds per replication and maintaining 3 replications. Seed to seedling transmission test was carried out under screen house conditions. Two hundred seeds of each highly infected five varieties from laboratory test data were planted in eight pots, twenty-five seeds per pot, and categorized into four replications. Component plating was done to determine the location of F. moniliforme infection in a seed. Data analysis was done using STAR at a 5% level of significance. There was a significant difference among all the varieties. The highest incidence of F. moniliforme infection was found in seeds of Khumal-9 variety and lowest in Fan-10 variety. From seed to seedling transmission test, Khumal-4 variety was found highly susceptible to foot rot among the 5 varieties planted. Transmission percentage of disease from seed to seedling was found ranging from 16.19-72.31%. Equally, Component plating concludes that seed coat, as well as endosperm, was the location of F. moniliforme infection in rice seed. Foot rot being one of the serious diseases of rice at present time researches should be done more on this for its effective management and control. Seed health status testification before taking seeds to the field should be done so that timely control like seed treatment could be applied to control the outbreak of the disease in the field.
Weed management and crop performance of rice as influenced by different crop residues
Authors: Rahman Sheikh Hasibur , Uddin Md. Romij , Salam Md. Abdus , Sarker Uttam Kumer , Rasul Shishir , Hasan Mehedi
Published: September 2020

To investigate the effect of different plant residues on weed inhibition and yield of transplant aman rice, an experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during June 2017 to December, 2017. The experiment comprised of three rice cultivars i.e. BR11, BRRI dhan34 and BRRI dhan49 and five different plant residues treatment viz., no crop residues (control), soybean, wheat, bishkatali and sorghum crop residues @ 2.0 t ha-1 of each. The experiment was laid out following randomized complete block design with three replications. Weed population and weed dry weight were significantly affected by cultivars and crop residues treatment. The highest percent inhibition of 58.31%, 46.84%, 66.85%, 66.94% and 57.6% was in Panikachu (Monochoria vaginalis), Shama (Echinochloa crusgalli), Chesra (Scirpus juncoides), Sabujnakful (Cyperus difformis) and Amrul (Oxalis corniculata), respectively caused by sorghum crop residues. The grain yield, as well as the yield contributing characters produced by BR11,was the highest among the studied varieties. The highest number of effective tillers hill-1 (8.41), number of grains panicle-1(118.08) and 1000-grain weight (20.54 g) were observed in sorghum crop residues. BR11 under sorghum crop residues @ 2.0 t ha-1 produced the highest grain (5.76 t ha-1) and straw yield (6.39 t ha-1). So, to reduce herbicide use in the present situation of Bangladesh, natural herbicide or crop residues like sorghum might be used as an alternative way for weed management for effective and sustainable rice production.
Growth and yield performance of okra genotypes in acidic soil at Sylhet Region, Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman M. , Islam A.F.M.S. , Hasan M. , Uddin M.
Published: September 2020

A field experiment was conducted at the field laboratory of Department of Crop Botany and Tea Production Technology, Sylhet Agricultural University from August 2016 to January 2017 to select the best suited okra genotype(s) considering growth and yield performance among eleven genotypes viz. BARI Dherosh−1 (control) and 10 exotic (Japanese okra) cultivable in acidic soil conditions. All okra genotypes were evaluated in relation to morphological characteristics and yield performance at defined area of study. The treatment combinations were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. In almost all parameters, significant variations were observed. Experimental findings revealed that BARI Dherosh−1, JO−2, JO−6 and JO−10 showed excellent performance in germination capacity. The high yielding genotype BARI Dherosh−1 exhibited taller plant at final harvest. Early flowers, individual fruit weight with maximum number of flowers and fruits plant-1 was observed in JO−6. The genotype JO−3 produced the highest number of branches, internodes and leaves at final harvest. The flowering duration was long in the genotype JO−2. The highest fruit setting (%) was observed in JO−1. The longest fruit length and the lowest number of aborted fruits were observed in JO−5 whereas BARI Dherosh−1 showed the largest fruit diameter at 9 DAF and heaviest hundred seed weight. The highest fruit fresh weight observed in JO−4 and the highest fruit dry weight observed in JO−5 at 9 DAF.  Regarding fruit yield, the genotype JO−6, JO−10 and JO−3 performed better. The genotypes JO−6 and JO−10 were found to be promising genotypes in acid soil considering the morphological features and yield attributes. Since the variety of our research is suitable for Sylhet region acid soil, if our variety is combined with Sylhet’s cropping pattern cropping intensity will be increase, which will benefit the farmer financially and meet the nutritional needs.
Efecto de quitosano y consorcio simbiótico benéfico en el rendimiento de sorgo en la zona indígena “Mayos” en Sonora
Authors: Holguin-Peña Ramón Jaime , Vargas-López Juan Manuel , López-Ahumada Guadalupe Amanda , Rodríguez-Félix Francisco , Borbón-Morales Carlos Gabriel , Rueda-Puente Edgar Omar
Published: September 2020

México ocupa actualmente el cuarto lugar mundial en producción de sorgo. En el estado de Sonora, este cultivo es uno de los más productivos. Los mayos, un pueblo amerindio que habita en el sur del estado mexicano de Sonora, ha estado promoviendo sistemas sustentables de producción agrícola. La aplicación de bioderivados de exoesqueletos de crustáceos como el quitosano (QUI) y microorganismos promotores del crecimiento vegetal, endomicorrízicos, simbiontes, benéf icos, y antagonistas, en algunos cultivos han mostrado ser una alternativa en el proceso de germinación y mejoras de rendimientos de cosecha; sin embargo, con relación al sorgo de grano, son limitados lo estudios sobre el efecto de éstos bioderivados como el QUI y consorcios microbianos. El objetivo de la investigación consistió en evaluar en sorgo de grano, el efecto de quitosano (100 y 50%) y un consorcio microbiano (en conjunto e individual forma con QUI) contra fertilización tradicional, en la región indígena del Mayo en Basconcobe, Etchojoa, Sonora, en la inducción fenológica, rendimiento y calidad proteica del grano. Se utilizó un diseño experimental de bloques al azar, con siete tratamientos a evaluar y cinco repeticiones Como variables respuesta se midieron: tasa de germinación, clorof ila total, y en madurez f isiológica la altura de planta, longitud de panoja, rendimiento ha-1 y proteína en grano. Los resultados indican que, en rendimiento y calidad proteica del grano de sorgo, el tratamiento más ef iciente (con P < 0.05), fue con QUI 100% + consorcio microbiano utilizando al 50% una fertilización regional. Estos resultados expresan la posibilidad de utilizar el quitosano como un biofertilizante de origen marino conjuntamente con un microbiano en un sistema de producción de sorgo.
Grain yield and population densities of new corn hybrids released by the INIFAP and UNAM for the High Valleys of Mexico†
Authors: Tadeo-Robledo Margarita , Espinosa-Calderón Alejandro , Canales-Islas Enrique , López-López Consuelo , Zamudio-González Benjamín , Turrent-Fernández Antonio , Gómez-Montiel Noel , Sierra-Macías Mauro , Martínez-Gutiérrez Aarón , Valdivia-Bernal Roberto , Andrés-Meza Pablo
Published: September 2020

In Mexico, corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important cereals from the alimentary, industrial, social, political, and cultural points of view. It is grown in different agroecological niches, water regimes, and management systems. The objective of the present research work was to study the optimum plant density per area unit and its effect on grain yield and agronomical characteristics of different corn hybrids. Six corn hybrids (H-51 AE, H 53 AE, H 47 AE, H 49 AE, Tsíri PUMA, and H-48) and three plant densities (50 000, 65 000, and 80 000 plants ha-1) were evaluated. Sowing was done during the spring-summer season, 2015, in field owned by the FESC-UNAM and CEVAMEX-INIFAP. A completely randomized block design was used with four replicates. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were detected for genotypes (G) in the variables of grain yield, plant height, ear height, days to male and female flowering, volumetric weight, grain weight, ear length, and grains per ear. Moreover, the effect of the environment (E) was significant (P ≤ 0.05) for the same variables, with the exception of ear length. No significant differences (P ≥ 0.05) were registered for the densities factor (D). Only the G×E interaction had significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in the grain yield trait. The better environment was CEVAMEX, with a mean yield of 5497 kg ha-1. The Tsíri PUMA hybrid had the best grain yield with 5856 kg ha-1. Although there were no differences for the studied interactions, the 65 000 plants ha-1 population density was the most appropriate. The densities factor did not affect the performance of the evaluated hybrids. Therefore, we recommend using 65 000 plants ha-1 to avoid investing in large amounts of seeds.
Propiedades químicas y biológicas de los suelos en milpa intercalada con árboles frutales
Authors: Arriaga-Vázquez Ana Magdalena , Martínez-Menez Mario Roberto , Rubiños-Panta Juan Enrique , Fernández-Reynoso Demetrio Salvador , Delgadillo-Martínez Julián , Vázquez-Alarcón Antonio
Published: September 2020

El manejo agrícola del suelo en zonas de laderas del trópico húmedo de México, determina los procesos erosivos e influye en las propiedades químicas y biológicas. En el presente estudio se evaluó el impacto del sistema de milpa intercalada con árboles frutales (MIAF) sobre las propiedades químicas y biológicas, en comparación con los sistemas de manejo agrícola tradicional y de labranza de conservación. Se muestrearon los suelos de las partes donadoras y receptoras del MIAF, de la milpa tradicional y de labranza de conservación para medir; N, P, K, CO2, MO, índice de Shannon y AWCD en suelos de Axochío, San Andrés Tuxtla, Veracruz. Los resultados indican que el sistema MIAF mejoró la actividad metabólica de grupos funcionales de microorganismos en la zona de recepción y f iltro de sedimentos; en comparación con la zona media y donadora de sedimentos del MIAF y con los sistemas de agricultura tradicional y labranza de conservación. Además, en la zona del f iltro, se observó un pH más cercano a la neutralidad, mayor contenido de MO, N inorgánico, N total, P total, P extractable y K.
Crecimiento de Citrange troyer y atributos químicos-microbiológicos del suelo en respuesta a diferentes fertilizantes orgánicos
Authors: Rivera-Cruz María del Carmen , González-Mancilla Apolinar , Almaraz-Suárez Juan José , Ortiz-García Carlos Fredy , Trujillo Narcía Antonio , Vázquez-López Patricia , Cruz-Navarro Gonzalo
Published: September 2020

La producción citrícola depende principalmente en la disponibilidad de portainjertos sanos, apropiados y vigorosos; parte de su reproducción está asociada con el uso de fertilizantes químicos, que contribuyen en la contaminación de los ecosistemas. El uso de fertilizantes orgánicos son alternativas para reducir el uso de fertilizantes químicos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de tres fertilizantes orgánicos (estiércol de gallina, cachaza (1 y 2) y pinzote) suministrados en tres dosis (1, 2 y 3%), en las propiedades químicas y microbiológicas del suelo y en el crecimiento del portainjerto Citrange troyer, en invernadero. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con 14 tratamientos y seis repeticiones cada uno, incluyendo dos testigos (absoluto y fertilizado). Mediante diluciones seriadas en medios específicos se cuantificó Azospirillum, Azotobacter, y bacterias solubilizadoras de fosfatos y de potasio. Los hongos micorrízicos arbusculares fueron evaluados según la técnica de clareo y tinción con azul tripano. El pH del suelo se incrementó 0.9 unidades al agregar 1% de cachaza-2; mientras que el carbono orgánico se elevó 0.7% con el estiércol de gallina al 1%. Las bacterias Azospirillum, Azotobacter y solubilizadoras de fosfatos, se incrementaron en los tratamientos suministrados con cachaza-1 1% y estiércol de gallina 1%. La cachaza-1 2%, indujo mayor colonización micorrízica y mayor crecimiento de la planta. Ocho de los doce tratamientos con fertilizantes orgánicos utilizados, modif icaron positivamente las propiedades químicas y microbiológicas del suelo, dando como resultado un mejor crecimiento de Citrange troyer comparado con los testigos.
Hongos micorrízicos nativos como promotores de crecimiento en plantas de guayaba (Psidium guajava L.)
Authors: Quiñones-Aguilar Evangelina Esmeralda , Rincón-Enríquez Gabriel , López-Pérez Luis
Published: September 2020

En esta investigación se evaluaron diferentes consorcios micorrízicos arbusculares nativos, en el crecimiento de plantas de guayaba (Psidium guajava L.). Se estableció un experimento totalmente al azar con siete inóculos de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA) denominados: Las Campesinas (LC), Carlos Rojas (CR), Paso Ancho (PA), El limón (EL), Cerro del Metate (CM) (consorcios nativos), una cepa comercial (INIFAP®), y un control sin HMA, en una mezcla de arena-suelo esterilizada y bajo condiciones de invernadero. Semillas de guayaba fueron germinadas en arena esterilizada y posteriormente, las plántulas fueron trasplantadas a bolsa de vivero con una mezcla de arena-suelo esterilizada, donde fueron inoculadas con los diferentes tratamientos de HMA. Después de 125 días, se realizó un muestreo destructivo donde se registró, la altura de planta, el diámetro del tallo, el área foliar, la materia fresca y seca de cada órgano. Así como, la relación materia seca de la parte aérea/materia seca de la raíz, el índice de robustez y el índice de Dickson, como variables de calidad de planta. Cómo variables microbiológicas se determinó, la micorrización radicular y la cantidad de esporas en el sustrato. Los resultados mostraron un efecto diferencial en el crecimiento en las plantas de guayaba, cuando se inocularon con algún consorcio nativo de HMA. Entre los diferentes consorcios evaluados, EL promovió el mejor desarrollo y calidad de planta, y fue donde se alcanzó la mayor colonización y producción de esporas en el sustrato. La mayor tasa de mortalidad se registró en las plantas sin HMA, o inoculadas con el inóculo INIFAP. Los porcentajes de colonización fueron superiores al 60%, excepto en el consorcio CM. Por lo anterior se puede mencionar que, el uso de HMA podría ser una práctica recomendable para el cultivo sustentable de guayabas en invernadero.
Evaluación del efecto de las levaduras vitivinícolas biofungicidas sobre la germinación de semillas y crecimiento de plántulas de lechugas (Lactuca sativa L.) in vitro. Análisis de fitotoxicidad
Authors: Lencinas Marcos Gabriel , Pesce Virginia Mercedes , Flores Cintia Belen , Vazquez Fabio , Nally Maria Cristina
Published: September 2020

Botrytis cinerea puede afectar a la lechuga tanto en condiciones de invernadero como en condiciones de campo. Levaduras vitivinícolas presentaron actividad antifúngica frente a B. cinerea de lechuga in vitro. Sin embargo se desconoce si estas levaduras afectan la germinación de semillas o crecimiento de las plántulas de lechuga. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de las levaduras vitivinícolas sobre la germinación de semillas y crecimiento de plántulas emergentes de lechuga (L. sativa), in vitro. Las levaduras se inocularon puntalmente sobre semillas de lechugas en bandejas plásticas. A los 4 y 7 días, se evaluó % de semillas germinadas, longitud de radícula, hipocótilo y cotiledones. También se evaluó el índice de vigor (IV) (7 días). Resultados: A los 4 días, cuatro levaduras BSchp67, BSc92, BSc121, BSc203 promovieron signif icativamente la germinación de semillas de lechuga en comparación con el control. De estas levaduras, dos incrementaron la longitud de los cotiledones. A los 7 días, seis levaduras BSc16, BSc61, BSchp67, BSc92, BSc121, BSc203 incrementaron el % de semillas germinadas y la longitud del hipocótilo. A los 4 y 7 días ninguna de las levaduras ensayadas incrementó signif icativamente la longitud de la radícula. Las plantas pre-inoculadas con las levaduras vitivinícolas presentaron un IV similar al control, excepto las plántulas inoculadas con BSc81, donde fue menor. Conclusiones: El efecto de las levaduras sobre la germinación y crecimiento de la lechuga fue variable. Al f inalizar el ensayo BSc5, BSc47, BSc68, BSc49, BSc56 y BSc92 no afectaron negativamente la tasa de germinación, el crecimiento vegetativo (radícula, hipocótilo, cotiledones), ni el vigor de las plántulas de lechuga, por lo tanto podrían utilizarse como biofungicidas. Las últimas tres cepas mencionadas anteriormente promovieron el crecimiento del hipocótilo (día 7). Estos datos sugieren la posibilidad de empleo de estas levaduras como biofungicidas y como posibles promotores del crecimiento vegetal (doble función).
La micorriza arbuscular como biofertilizante en cultivo de café
Authors: Hernández-Acosta Elizabeth , Trejo-Aguilar Dora , Rivera-Fernández Andrés , Ferrera-Cerrato Ronald
Published: September 2020

En f incas cafetaleras del sureste de México, la degradación química, física y biológica de los suelos afecta la producción de plantas. Esta situación perjudica económicamente a los cafeticultores, por lo que es común encontrar un descuido en sus plantaciones donde labores de cultivo como la poda y fertilización son costosas. Para resolver el problema del costo de fertilizantes, se recomienda la aplicación de inóculos micorrízicos arbusculares, su efectividad queda clara en hortalizas y frutales. Se evaluó la respuesta de dos inóculos del Colegio de Posgraduados, de una especie, (Rhizophagus aggregatus) y un consorcio (Glomus claroides, Rhizophagus diaphanus y Paraglomus albidum) (CMgrp) en plántulas de las variedades de café garnica, catimor, caturra y catuaí, con la f inalidad de ubicar la mejor simbiosis planta-hongo. Se evaluaron las variables altura de la planta, materia seca, contenido de fósforo en hojas, porcentaje de colonización micorrízica, porcentaje de la ef iciencia micorrízica, porcentaje de fósforo absorbido por la micorrización y el índice de ef iciencia de la micorrización en la sanidad de la planta (Em). Los resultados mostraron que el consorcio CMgrp generó los valores e incrementos más altos con respecto a las plantas no inoculadas en las variables altura de la planta y materia seca (1774 y 1701% para la variedad garnica respectivamente) y contenido de fósforo (650% en la variedad catimor). La respuesta de las plantas a la micorrización mostró los mejores resultados en las variedades garnica (34.32% porcentaje de colonización) y caturra (1670% de ef iciencia micorrízica y 1651% fósforo absorbido por efecto de la micorrización). El índice Em reveló que las plantas de café inoculadas con el CMgrp presentaron mejor sanidad. Se recomienda utilizar al consorcio CMgrp como biofertilizante en plantas de café, para asegurar el éxito del trasplante, situación que representará un ahorro económico y de tiempo para el cafeticultor.