bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Response of two Wheat Cultivars Triticumspp to Cytokinin and Water Stress Treatments and their Interactions
Authors: Sakri Faisal , Amin Shireen
Published: August 2017

This research had been conducted to investigate the response of two wheat cultivars to cytokinin and

droughtness treatments through plant height, number of tillers per plant, flag leaf length, number of

kernel per spike, weight of 100 kernels, protein, and total carbohydrates content of kernels. The maximum

mean value for plant height was recorded for Sham-3 cultivar at 80 ppm which is significantly increased

as compare to control, while the flag leaf length increased nonsignificantly at 40 ppm. Treatments with

40 and 80 ppm significantly decrease weight of 100 kernels for Mexipak cultivar, while in Sham-3

cytokinin at all concentrations significantly decreased weight of 100 kernels. It is obvious that cytokinin

treatments with drought plants was less affective compared with normal irrigation with regard to

carbohydrate content for Mexipak cultivars. In Sham-3, the results showed that the carbohydrate

percentage in all cytokinin treated plants whether, drought or irrigated, were decreased significantly,

while the weight of 100 kernels has not been changed in CK3D compare to the CK0N but increased

significantly when compared with CK0D.
Numerical Solution for Non-Stationary Heat Equation in Cooling of Computer Radiator System
Authors: Mhammad Aree , Salh Faraidun , Abdulrahman Najmadin
Published: August 2017

In the paper a mathematical model is developed by using numerical solution to study the non stationary

heat equation in one dimension. This model leads to incorporate a cooling system for a computer radiator.

The result of the model is compared with the stationary heat transfer model. The simulation results show the

performance of non stationary model in terms of variation of temperature.
Studying the Background Radiation from the Soil of Halabja City
Authors: Abdullah Kamal
Published: August 2017

On 16th March 1988, Halabja city in Sulaimany region of Iraq was bombarded by chemical bombs of

Saddam’s regium. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the level of radioactivity from the soil, the

water, and the air in that region. For this purpose two samples of soils are taken .One from Shahidan

and the other from Kani-Ashkan regions in Halabja city been taken and analyzed in Iraqi Atomic Energy

Agency in 2001,by using the γ-ray spectrometer including the HPGe detector. The radio nuclides of

Radium (Ra-226), Lead (Pb-214), Iodine (I-133), Bismuth (Bi-214), Actinium (Ac-228), and Potassium

(K-40), have been identified.
The Role of Various out Patients Aural Toileting Procedures in the Treatment of Otomycosis
Authors: Chalabi Yousif , San-Ahmed Sarwat
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND: Otomycosis is not uncommon clinical problem requiring a long term treatment and

has a recurrence tendency. Meticulous cleansing especially of anterior metal recess is the treatment

mainstay.

OBJECTIVES; to determine the clinical presentation and predisposing factors, compare the efficacy of aural

toileting procedures and to assess the syringing role as a safe effective procedure for deep meatal recess

debris removal.

METHOD: A randomized prospective comparative study conducted on 91 patients (99 ears) in ENT

consultation clinic- Sulaimani Teaching Hospital from April 2007 – November 2008. Patients were divided

into two groups :group A underwent ear syringing and group B underwent dry suction cleansing. Data entry

and analysis by software version 15 (2008) carried out (STATGRAPHICS)

RESULTS: presenting symptoms were otalgia (94.5%), ear fullness (74.72%), itching (58.24%), hearing

impairment (40.65%), otorrhea (20.87%) and headache (14.82%). Predisposing factors were ear moisture

(94.5%), self cleansing habit (62.63%), ototopical agent overuse (36.26%) and dermatophytosis (19.78%).

Dry cleaning showed complete debris removal in 31(63.26%) ears and incomplete removal in 18 (36.73%)

ears while syringing showed complete removal in 38 (76%) ears and incomplete removal in 12 (24%) ears.

Dry cleaning adverse effect was 37.37% compared to 12.12% in wet group.

CONCLUSIONS; There was insignificant static differences (Chi-Squared p=0.3411) between the two

regimens and both can be used for treatment. However, clinically gentle ear syringing is less time consuming,

Less complicated and more meticulous in deep recess cleaning.
Soft Soldering of Steel DIN CK50 Using ASTM 50A and ASTM 63A
Authors: Abdalrahman Rzgar
Published: August 2017

The research presents some experimental data concerning the relation between the shearing strength

of soldered joints and holding time. Two types of solders ASTM 50A (Sn50Pb50) and ASTM 63A

(Sn63Pb37) were used to joint medium carbon steel type DIN CK50 of 3 mm thickness. Lap joint design

was employed. Muffle furnace used for heating with holding (reflow or dwell) times of 10, 20, 30, 35, 40,

45 and 50min. Maximum shear strength was obtained when the eutectic solder (ASTM 63A) used with 35

min. as holding time. Clear intermetallic compounds were shown at the interface, whereas the X-ray

detected the formation of many phases like FeSn and FeSn2.
Effect of Different Concentrations of Kinetin and NAA on Micropropagation of Gardenia Jasminoides
Authors: Duhoky Mosleh , Rasheed Khetam
Published: August 2017

The goal of this study was to use plant tissue culture technique in vegetative propagation of

Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides) by using single nodes and shoot tips excised from soft cuttings and

treated with different concentrations of growth regulators.The results revealed that the use of different

disinfistants was highly effective in reducing cultures contamination. The use of mercuric chloride (0.1%,

HgCl2) for 10 minutes was very effective in preventing contamination and gave the highest survival

percentage (99%). During the culture of shoot tips at initiation stage, a nutrient medium contained (2

mgl-1 kinetin+ 0.6 mgl-1 NAA) gave the highest values of average number of shoots and leaves and growth

length (2.3 shoots/ explant, 2.4 leaves and 1.9 cm respectively).At vegetative multiplication stage, The

culture of shoot tips on a nutrient medium containing (3 mgl-1 kinetin) gave the highest values of

average number of shoots and leaves (2.9 shoots/ explant, 3.6 leaves respectively).As for growth length,

the results revealed that the highest value was achieved by MS medium supplemented by 2 mgl-1 kinetin +

0.1 mgl-1 NAA (3.3 cm). Regarding rooting process, MS medium supplemented by 4 mgl-1 NAA gave the

highest average number and length of roots (4.0 roots and 2.50 cm respectively).Also, the medium

supplemented by 8 mgl-1 IAA gave the highest number and length of roots (3.40 roots and 3.50 cm

respectively). Plantlets obtained were transferred to pots and acclimatized with 95 % success.
The Prevalence of Tooth Wears Among (18-25) Years Old College Students in Sulaimani City
Authors: Mohammad Dena , Garib Balkees
Published: August 2017

Non-carious loss of tooth structure is considered the 4th dimension risk factor for

aesthetic, function and longevity of human dentition after acute trauma, caries and

periodontal disease The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk

indicators for tooth wear in (18- 25) years in Sulaimani city. A total of 500 randomly

selected college students were examined for tooth wear. The data were collected by means

of a questionnaire about the history of possible causative factors and a clinical

examination using Smith and Knight’s index on occlusal/incisal, buccal and lingual/palatal

surfaces. Mild tooth wear (score 1) was present in 63.4%, while only 0.4% had lesions

extending up to the dentine. There were 36.2% without tooth wear, there is no evidence of

score 3 or score 4. Incisal edges of both lower and upper teeth were the most affected site

(75.51%). Occlusal problem was the most common predisposing factor (72.73%). Tooth

wear defect did not form an urgent problem at 18-25 years aged group, there was only

minimal enamel loss (63.4%, score 1) that attributed mainly to occlusal problems.
Characterization of Durum Wheat Genotypes by Seed Storage- Protein Electrophoresis
Authors: Tofiq Sherwan , Muhammed Aram , Ameen Taban
Published: August 2017

Durum wheat grains from twenty five genotypes of 5x5 diallel crosses, which includes

20 crosses and 5 parents, were collected. Analyzing of seed storage –proteins for all

genotypes done by sodium dodcyle sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-

PAGE). Evaluation of Genetic composition for HMW and LMW of glutenin and gliadin

unit bands were done by comparing the results and number of bands and pair bands with

the reference standards, results showed high rate of quality in addition to adaptation to

local environment, results supported by measuring protein % and Ash% and color

pigments.
Petrographical and Diagenesis Characterestics of Benavi Ironstone in Kurdistan Region- Northern Iraq
Authors: Yassin Ali , Mahmoud Mudhafar
Published: August 2017

Benavi Ironstone (BI) is hosted in highly fractured carbonate beds of Hadiena Formation and located about 20 kilometers N-NW of Amadiya District in Duhok Governorate – Kurdistan Region north of Iraq. The outcrop of BI extends about 2 kilometers with thickness up to 13 meters and occurs within Jurassic – Cretaceous sequence. Forty eight samples were collected from ten sections that represent this elongated body. Petrographical study under transmitted and reflected light microscopy showed that BI is related to algal-bioclastic-packstone host rocks; this facies suffered from many diagenetic processes such as iron oxides replacement, neomorphism, pyritization, dolomitization, silicification and phosphatization. Depending upon iron rich sediments textural classification, BI was also classified as iron-packstone. Iron oxides have replaced partially and completely the calcareous structures, consequently, deposits with unusual iron oxides contents, were produced. Pyrite is unevenly distributed throughout this body, which occurs in two patterns: euhedral massive and framboidal forms. Euhedral magnetite crystals are also present. Chamosite was mostly observed around impregnation fossils by iron oxides.
Four years of clinical experience with the efficacy of Pulpotec® as a root canal dressing for the management and control of odontogenic pain: A prospective randomized clinical trial
Authors: Faraj Bestoon
Published: August 2017

Background: The choice of methods and materials for the relief of preoperative symptom and control of inter-appointment flare-up remains an important consideration in endodontic therapy. Aim: The objectives of this study was to discover clinically the influence of pulpotec (Produits Dentaires S.A., Switzerland) on the incidence of inter-appointment flare-up, with a view to advance the resolution of pain and/or swelling in patients presenting for emergency root canal treatment. Materials and Methods: Pulpotec paste was used as an intracanal medicament in multi-appointment root canal treatment in 860 teeth (510 symptomatic and 350 asymptomatic) belonging to 860 patients from February 2008 to March 2012. The follow-up visit was scheduled, and the incidence and severity of inter-appointment pain was recorded at different time periods (8, 24, and 48 h, 3 days, and 1 week after the treatment) on simple descriptive pain intensity scale. Results: The incidence of intense pain was 10 (1.16%) and 6 (0.69%) of the treatment cases at 24 and 48 h, respectively. Moderate pain was described only by 137 patients within the 24 h–3 days time interval after treatment. Conclusion: Pulpotec intracanal dressing is beneficial in rapid resolution of pain and/or swelling in emergency root canal treatment and in controlling postoperative pain in multi-appointment root canal treatment.
Investigation into Radiation Doses to Patient During Diagnostic Imaging
Authors: Khalid Dastan
Published: August 2017

Investigation in doses delivered to patient during an X-ray imaging is carried out. From the data obtained, the Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) is calculated and compared to the Reference Dose Levels of other countries (UK, Australia and the US). The results show 93% of chest examination was cases of overdose, while some other examinations had 8.5% overdose by more than 3 times. The results suggests that during X-ray imaging patients receive doses more than the reference level at the Sulaimani Hospital.
Structural Study of SrTiO3 Single Crystal using High Resolution X-ray Diffraction
Authors: Abdullah Aziz
Published: August 2017

Strontium titanate, SrTiO3 is one of the perovskite – type crystal that commonly used as a substrate for epitaxial growth of multifunctional oxide films and well-defined TiO2-terminated surface is crucial for the fabrication of oxide hetero-interfaces. Structural properties have a strong effect on thin films characteristics and their applications. Proceeding from this fact, the lattice defects of as-grown or as-annealed SrTiO3 single crystals with a nondestructive technique have been investigated. The structural imperfection and dislocation density (screw and edge types) of STO single crystals with 10x10x1 mm dimension (from crysTec GmbH- Berlin) have been studied using omega scan from high-resolution x-ray diffraction technique, as well as, the symmetric (002) and the skew-symmetric (101) rocking curves (which are sensitive to the structural perfection) also reported. In order to prove the sample quality, the experimental full widths at half maximum (FWHM) of the X-ray rocking curves have been shown. From the FWHMs, the dislocation density (screw and edge types) and the total dislocation density have been calculated.
Baudelaire et la parole déchue
Authors: Veras Eduardo Horta Nassif
Published: August 2017

Cet article a pour but de présenter une analyse de la place dela théologie dans la poétique de Charles Baudelaire. Après la mise aupoint des études les plus récentes qui mettent l’accent sur la révisioncritique des rapports du poète des Fleurs du mal à la modernité poétiqueet sur la présence des thèmes dits antimodernes dans son oeuvre, on sepropose de montrer que la poésie baudelairienne se construit autour d’uneconception déchue de la vie et de la parole poétique.
Esopo em Portugal: das origens à contemporaneidade
Authors: Frade Mafalda
Published: August 2017

Esta investigação pretende compreender como se processoua recepção de Esopo na Literatura Portuguesa, da Idade Média àcontemporaneidade, analisando a relação entre o gênero fabulístico e aliteratura infantojuvenil e para adultos. Partindo de um corpus de fábulasesopianas e, dentro dele, de uma fábula específica, este trabalho analisará ascaracterísticas que permitirão demonstrar a alteração, ao longo do tempo, dotipo de público-alvo e do objetivo edificante das obras em estudo. Observarse-á, assim, que a fábula, em Portugal, passou de um gênero de literaturapara adultos para um típico da literatura infantojuvenil, registando-se,atualmente, alguma tendência para o regresso às origens a este nível.
Rafael Rojas, Traductores de la utopía. La Revolución Cubana y la nueva izquierda de Nueva York, México, Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2016.
Authors: Moreno Elizondo José Rodrigo
Published: August 2017

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Sociedades de gestión colectiva frente a la libre competencia económica
Authors: Abello Monsalvo Felipe
Published: August 2017

La gestión colectiva de derechos de autor es un mecanismo para la administración del recaudo por el uso de derechos patrimoniales de los titulares de derechos de autor. Las sociedades de gestión colectiva (SGC) actúan como mandatarias de los titulares de los mencionados derechos. La gestión del derecho de autor a través de las SGC genera ciertas eficiencias, y en algunos casos resulta indispensable. Aun así, un estudio de mercado puede llegar a demostrar la existencia de una posición de dominio por parte de las SGC. Resulta necesario proponer unos lineamientos para que las SGC, en el desarrollo de su gestión, no incurran en una práctica restrictiva de la competencia.
Patent governance y sistema de patentes. Presupuestos teóricos de la dimensión institucional de gobernanza
Authors: Guevara Fernández Ernesto
Published: August 2017

La presente contribución desarrolla la noción de patent governance como modelo teórico de funcionamiento del sistema de patentes. La gobernanza del sistema de patentes a sus diferentes niveles, nacional, regional e internacional, desafía la concepción y diseño tradicional estático del sistema ordenado por autoridades de examen y concesión nacionales, con la emergencia de actores en red, nuevas relaciones horizontales y mecanismos participatorios. La gobernanza se integra a la dimensión pública de la patente y sus mecanismos de intervención pública ex ante y ex post en el ejercicio, ofreciendo reinterpretaciones del sistema articuladas desde este segmento preterido en el derecho de patentes.
Sentencia de la suprema corte del estado de Nueva York del 4 de abril de 2017: facebook v. oficina del fiscal del condado de Nueva York
Authors: Villar Trad. Leopoldo
Published: August 2017

La creciente importancia de las comunicaciones electrónicas confiere especial interés al tema de su protección, que involucra la de varios derechos y garantías fundamentales como los de la libertad, la intimidad y la propiedad. Por la trascendencia de la discusión y las diferentes posturas que refleja sobre un asunto de tanta sensibilidad y pertinencia en el mundo actual, se publica la traducción de la sentencia de la Suprema Corte del Estado de Nueva York del 4 de abril de 2017 sobre el registro y la incautación de 381 cuentas de usuarios de Facebook, ordenados por la misma Corte en 2013 en atención a una solicitud del Fiscal de Distrito del Condado de Nueva York, apoyada a su vez por una declaración juramentada de un fiscal en una investigación penal. Facebook accionó en busca de la anulación de las órdenes de registro y de la revelación de la declaración juramentada del fiscal pero ambas mociones fueron rechazadas por la División de Apelaciones, por lo cual Facebook apeló ante la Suprema Corte de Nueva York, que rechazó la apelación. Aunque la mayoría coincidió en que la apelación no procedía, las opiniones de los magistrados contienen interpretaciones que hacen muy provechosa su lectura, y la del magistrado disidente, en particular, ofrece argumentos enriquecedores para la defensa de los derechos de los usuarios de servicios electrónicos.
Estado actual del proceso de territorialización del espacio ultraterrestre por parte de Colombia y recomendaciones para su consolidación
Authors: Correa Olarte María Ximena
Published: August 2017

El objetivo de este artículo es evidenciar la carencia de un proceso consolidado de territorialización del espacio ultraterrestre por parte de Colombia y hacer recomendaciones a partir de la teoría de la geografía que permitan iniciar dicho proceso. El espacio ultraterrestre es aquella franja del espacio exterior en la que los satélites artificiales orbitan alrededor de la Tierra y es más lejana que el espacio aéreo de cada Estado. En dicho espacio, únicamente los Estados con desarrollo tecnológico y capacidad de inversión importante en áreas espaciales hacen uso de este, territorializándolo. En este artículo, se destaca la importancia de la concienciación sobre la utilización y ocupación de ese espacio, la promulgación de leyes y políticas bajo un marco jurídico colombiano consolidado y el desarrollo técnico-científico y académico para iniciar un proceso de territorialización del espacio ultraterrestre por parte de Colombia.
La emancipación femenina decimonónica a través del denuedo velocipédico = The feminine decimononic emancipation through the cycling courage
Authors: Corona Verdú Rafael
Published: August 2017

Resumen. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar, desde un punto de vista cualitativo y cuantitativo, la importancia y trascendencia que el velocípedo tuvo para las mujeres españolas del siglo XIX, tanto desde una perspectiva deportiva, higiénica y terapéutica como desde el prisma de la lucha por los derechos sociales y civiles. No en vano, la bicicleta se conformó en las últimas décadas del siglo XIX y en las primeras del siglo XX como un elemento común de la lucha sufragista y feminista en todo el mundo, en derredor del cual se planteó la reformulación de una suerte de ideas tales como la liberación femenina, la democratización del cuerpo, la presencia de las mujeres en la vida pública y su proyección social a través del denuedo agonístico deportivo. La importancia de este estudio radica en su pretensión de anidar extramuros, más allá de la propia competición deportiva, realizando una lectura simbólica de la sociedad y el contexto histórico de la centuria decimonónica. Elegir a las mujeres como objeto de nuestro estudio conlleva la continuación de un campo tremendamente relevante dentro de la investigación. Es un enfoque en el que pueden confluir varios campos de estudio: antropológico, histórico, social y cultural en un intento de analizar las relaciones de género en una determinada etapa de la historia contemporánea.Palabras clave: velocípedo, ciclismo, género, mujeres, emancipación, España.Abstract. This article aims to analyze, from a qualitative and quantitative point of view, the importance that the velocipede had for Spanish women of the nineteenth century, from a sporting, hygienic and therapeutic perspective as well as from the prism of the struggle for Social and civil rights. Not in vain, the bicycle was formed in the last decades of the nineteenth century and in the early twentieth century as a common element of the struggle suffragist and feminist around the world, around which was proposed the reformulation of a kind of ideas such as women’s liberation, the democratization of the body, the presence of women in public life and their social projection through the agonistic sporting courage. The importance of this study lies in its intention to nest outside the walls, beyond the competition itself, making a symbolic reading of the society and the historical context of the nineteenth century. Choosing women as the object of our study entails the continuation of a tremendously relevant field within the research. It is an approach that can combine several fields of study: anthropological, historical, social and cultural, in an attempt to analyze gender relations at a particular stage in contemporary history.Keywords: velocipede, cycling, gender, women, emancipation, Spain.
Minaret: Islam and Feminism at Crossroads = Minarete: Islam y feminismo en la encrucijada
Authors: Abdullah Muhammad
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Feminism is alleged to have marginalized and objectified non Western, ethnic, religious, cultural and geographical communities. Women from these marginalized segments are now indigenising the movement to make the cause pluralistic, feminisms—representation of women across the globe. Islamic feminism or/and Muslim feminism, not necessarily advocated by Muslims, is one of the feminist facets that enriches the concept of feminism by bringing to the fore Islam as a faith towards women liberation. This study engages with expression of femaleness, if not feminism, in Sudanese-Scottish fictionist Leila Aboulela’s work— ‘Minaret’. Aboulela’s heroine, Najwa, reinvents herself from liberalism towards Islam. She does not set out to defend Islam from a Western perspective that has come to characterise popular narratives about identity and the clash of cultures in Britain. Instead, she relates to an inside experience of connecting with Islamic network of customs and beliefs for spiritual appease. The key concern of the study is to examine the way this transformation takes place—stimulus and modalities. At times her version of bondage with Islam justifies and reinforces patriarchy rather than combating it. In that, she appears to be standing on the wrong side of notion of gender egalitarianism in Islam. Incongruously, Anwar, the male protagonist emerges as a profeminist portraying liberal feminist values. The denouement is that we need to tolerate diversity of feminist cause within Islamic circles and beyond with a progressive spiritKeywords:  Islam, Gender, Islamic feminism, Middle Eastern, Women Fiction, Minaret.Resumen. Se alega que el feminismo ha marginalizado y objetivizado a las comunidades no occidentales. Las mujeres desde estos segmentos marginalizados (étnicos, religiosos y culturales) ahora inician movimientos para convertir a la causa en plural con el fin de que los feminismos sean representados en todo el planeta. El feminismo islámico y/o feminismo musulmán, no necesariamente defendido por musulmanes, es una de las facetas feministas que enriquecen el concepto de feminismo, el cual presenta al islam como una fe que se dirige hacia la liberación de la mujer. Este estudio, entre otras cuestiones, se compromete con las expresiones de la feminidad y no con el feminismo.Palabras clave Islam, género, feminismo islámico, Medio Este, mujeres de ficción, Minarete
Un relato femenino de frontera: de la antibiografía a la subjetivación transfemenina = A feminine narrative in the border: From antibiography to transfeminine subjectivation
Authors: Solís Pérez Marlene , Alonso Meneses Guillermo
Published: August 2017

Resumen. Este artículo trata sobre la negociación identitaria y los procesos de subjetivación y des-subjetivación. A través de la biografía contracultural o de la adversidad (anti) biográfica de Beatriz, se van desvelando las estrategias de intersección, predominancia, fragmentación y fusión que ella emprendió para conciliar sus múltiples pertenencias, darle significado a su vida y enfrentar las tensiones que le generan las relaciones de poder de las que participa por su condición social, como mujer, madre, esposa, obrera y lesbiana, en una experiencia de transfeminidad.Palabras clave: género, subjetividad femenina, transfeminidad, identidades lésbicas, fronteras simbólicasAbstract. This article is about the identity negotiation processes of subjectivation and de-subjectification. Through the contracultural biography or the (anti)biographical adversity of Beatriz it is uncovered the different strategies of intersection, dominance, fragmentation and merging that she undertook to reconcile their multiple belongings, give meaning to her life and deal with the stresses and contradictions that are generated by her social condition, as a woman, mother, wife, worker and lesbian, in a transfeminity experience.Keywords: gender, female subjectivity, transfeminine, lesbian identity, symbolic boundaries.
La(s) menopausia(s). Simbologías y sintomatologías culturales = Menopause(s). Symbologies and cultural symptomatologies
Authors: García Eva Margarita
Published: August 2017

Resumen. Todas las mujeres terminan su etapa fértil con la llegada de la menopausia, que puede traer de la mano una serie de modificaciones físicas, psicológicas y sociales. Las siguientes páginas realizan un acercamiento introductorio al momento de la menopausia con el objeto de comprender, primero, si los síntomas tradicionalmente asociados a ésta son algo puramente biológico (y por ello, iguales en todas las culturas) y, segundo, por qué en las sociedades occidentales se realiza una medicalización excesiva en todos los momentos de la sexualidad femenina (aunque podríamos decir que el proceso de medicalización excesiva es propio de las sociedades occidentales, éste no es igual en mujeres y hombres: a las primeras se las medica para huir de su naturaleza; a los segundos, para potenciarla). Haremos hincapié en cómo el estatus asociado a la menopausia es diferente en Occidente (donde el climaterio está inevitablemente vinculado al miedo a envejecer) y cómo el exceso de medicalización puede interpretarse como una huida de esa nueva etapa, para intentar prolongar artificialmente una juventud normativa. Sin embargo, esto no sucede en otras culturas, donde el estatus social cambia totalmente a mejor cuando la menstruación desaparece, lo que ha llevado a algunos autores a afirmar que la menopausia como tal es un invento occidentalPalabras clave: climaterio, género y salud, medicalización, menopausia, síntomas culturales.Abstract. For every women, the fertile period is closed with the arrival of the menopause,which can bring some physical, psychological and social alterations. On the following pages we are going to approach to the menopause transition with the purpose of understanding, first, if the symptoms that are traditionally linked to menopause are purely biological (and therefore, equal regardless of the culture) and, second, why in western societies there is an excessive medicalization in every moment of female sexuality (although we could say that the excessive medicalisation process belongs to western societies, it isn’t in the same way in women and men: women are medicated to run away from their nature, men are medicated to improve their nature). We will highlight how the status associated with the menopause is different in western cultures (where climacterium is unavoidably bind to the fear of aging) and how the excess of medicalization can be understood as an escape from this new period, in order to try to articially extend a normative youth. However, this doesn’t tend to happen in other cultures, where the social status completely improves when the menstrual period is missing, which has brought some authors to declare that the menopause concept is a western invention.Keywords: climacterium, cultural symptoms, gender and health, medicalization, menopause transition.
Rumos da educação nacional e formação de geocientistas
Authors: Editorial Conselho
Published: August 2017

Investimentos em educação e desenvolvimento tecnológico são essenciais para aprimorar os padrões de bem-estar social de um povo, quer pela garantia de suprimento de recursos naturais, planejamento de uso da terra ou prevenção para conviver com o risco, quer para formar cidadãos aptos a construir e manter a democracia. Isso implica o desafio de formar geólogos que saibam mobilizar seu conhecimento técnico específico para resolver problemas econômicos e tecnológicos e, de outro, tenham capacidade e sensibilidade para pesar aspectos culturais e afetivos que ligam o povo ao local onde vive.
EXISTENCE OF LOCAL LEGAL PRODUCT NUANCED OF SHARI’AH IN INDONESIA
Authors: Patra Rommy
Published: August 2017

The existence of local legal product  nuanced of shari'a in Indonesia is rampant  in the reform era. The establishment of  local legal product  that nuanced of shari'a is effort to formalize shari'ah  Islam in the life of the nation. But its existence has caused controversy because of have nature of sectarian and vulnerable to violation of human rights such as discriminatory and restrict civil liberties. Therefore, necessary  for the structuring of local legal product  that nuanced of shari'a, if necessary until to cancel it in order to improve the quality of implementation of local autonomy in Indonesia.
LEGAL PROTECTION TO WOMEN WITH DISABILITIES AS VICTIMS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE AT THE CIQAL FOUNDATION YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Annisa Dea
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this research is to know the forms of legal protection to women with disabilities as victims of sexual violence on the CIQAL Foundation and to know obstacles that occur in the legal protection process. This research is an empirical law research that is both descriptive by qualitative approaches. Location of the research at the CIQAL Foundation Yogyakarta.

Based on the results of the research, it is got the data since 2014 until 2016, CIQAL has noted there were seventy six of violence cases against women with disabilities in Yogyakarta region and sixty cases there are sexual violence. From the sixty cases of sexual violence only three cases have got judicial process. Not processing of legal, cause of the victims can not get the justice and their rights as the victims and also the perpetrators of violence have potential to do the violence again.

The matter CIQAL efforts to give the legal protection to women with disabilities as victims of sexual violence get their rights. The legal protection is given the legal colleague and non the colleague by the CIQAL Foundation Yogyakarta. There are some obstacles when the foundation gives doing the legal protection process. The obstacles which are divided by two, internal victims factors that includes the limitation which owned the victims, and the victims family; external victims factors that includes the problem in the legal scope, and the society.

 
UNEARTHING THE PHILOSOPHICAL ROOTS OF PANCASILA ON DISTINCTIVE LEGAL TREATMENTS FOR CHILDREN IN CONFLICT WITH THE LAW
Authors: Aji Muhammad Rustam
Published: August 2017

Thus far, equality before the law is understood as an ideality without limitation and exception. Its enforceability is considered to apply indiscriminately for every law breaker. However, reality of law enforcement says differently when a perpetrator of the crime is called an early age child. Special regulations exist injustice system, law governing it as well as provisions derived from the children rights, although the child is positioned as dealing with the law. In such context of an establishment of law regarding children in conflict with the law, it is interesting to find philosophical roots of distinctive treatment negating equality before the law. The explorative step is more attractive, especially when many mosaics of conception has been discovered about what are the truths whena child is in conflict with the law: 1) violations committed by children are not purely mistakes of the children, 2) children are, nevertheless, having rights that must be fulfilled including when dealing with the law, 3) children has privileges with broad distribution of regulations in various sectors and according to the view based on Pancasila, they are keten (a link) of a nation. Such varied conceptions elicit necessity of unearthing philosophical roots, truths and realitiesthat are always plural. So that, the law established is not only be legal because it is formed in legitimate manner and by legitimate power (pedigree thesis), also incorporating theexisting basic values or moral principles, though not absolute, depending on condition of society (the moral thesis) (Twining, 2009). Thus, study of such legal products is not only be seen as the work of professional, but as Satjipto Rahardjo viewed, it is placed as an scientific object to explain that a law codified in legislation, though, is not something sacred to examine for its philosophical content.
The Role of Local Government In Protection of Copyright Against Creative Industry Local Cultural Heritage In Sawahlunto City
Authors: Nizwana Yulia
Published: August 2017

Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)  are closely related to the economic growth of a State. Appreciation and protection of intellectual works will create a conducive climate for the creativity and innovation of the people. IPR is a Right that is closely related to economic issues. IPR is identical with the commercialization of intellectual works. The commercialization of intellectual works in principle aims to generate economic benefits. Traditionally intellectual property is divided into two branches of "Industrial wealth" and "Copyright". Industrial Property includes the protection of the invention through a Patent, certain commercial protection through the laws of the mark and the laws of industrial design protection. In addition, industrial wealth includes unfair competition control. Traditional Knowledge as a Regional Asset that obtains Legal Protection, As set forth in the copyright law, in Article 10 paragraphs (1) and (2). The professional entity that has the right to decide may not be the copyright registration Copyright is an institution of IPR in each region and Higher Education. Such as the District and Municipal Trade Office, Provincial Trade Office as an extension of the Directorate General of IPR in Jakarta. Sawahlunto city is one of the cities in the province of West Sumatra Indonesia. Currently, the city of Sawahlunto develops into a multi ethnic old tourist city, making it one of the best old cities in Indonesia. The result of crafts from the work of the creation of the traditional community of Silungkang city of Sawahlunto is a cultural asset that needs to be protected under the Copyright Act. To get legal protection against the copyrights of the local creative industry heritage, is inseparable from the role of local government of course, where expected with the problems faced by the public to obtain legal protection of their copyrights. The purpose of this study is to know how the role of local government in the protection of copyright to the creative industry of local cultural heritage in Sawahlunto city, and what are the constraints of local government in the protection of copyright to the creative industry of local cultural heritage in Sawahlunto city. The object of this study is to see how far the role of local government in the protection of copyright to the creative industry of local cultural heritage in Sawahlunto city. To obtain primary data from respondents, this research will use semi-structured interview method
Team Approach: Combined Orthopaedic and Vascular Injury
Authors: Mullis Brian , Fajardo Andres , Smith Tyler , Laughlin Michelle
Published: August 2017

➢ An extremity injury (fracture or dislocation) requiring vascular repair is a challenging emergency surgical condition that requires a multidisciplinary approach.

➢ In North America, the general surgeon is typically the “team lead” as many of these patients are at risk for or already in extremis, with the vascular surgery and orthopaedic surgery services being consulted to treat the extremity injury.

➢ These limb-threatening, and many times life-threatening, injuries are best treated at a trauma center where appropriate personnel and resources are available.

➢ It is important that practice guidelines be set by the treating teams so that discussion and debate can take place in an academic setting prior to treating what is invariably an emergency problem.
Risk and Reward: Bringing Light to Africa
Authors: Judah Janeen
Published: August 2017

President's column

Africa was first called the “Dark Continent” in the 19th century. The term is originally credited to the famous explorer Henry Stanley from his 1878 book “Through the Dark Continent.” Back then, Africa was a mysterious and dangerous place for European explorers.

Today, when I conclude most of my presentations, I use the NASA satellite photograph of the world at night. In it, Africa is mostly dark, so from an energy standpoint, it’s still a “dark continent.” According to the World Energy Outlook 2017, two-thirds of people in sub-Saharan Africa do not have access to electricity. More than half of the population uses wood and charcoal as its primary energy sources, and that is expected to continue until 2040. Lack of access to energy holds back the promise of Africa and its people.

I have spent a lot of time in Africa in the past 10 years. Not only have I traveled to Angola through my position with Chevron, but I also have vacationed there. Most recently, I have traveled to Angola as SPE President. Africa is, in many ways, the final frontier. There are many exciting new developments in African exploration and production that hold tremendous potential to bring more energy and prosperity to the continent—and shine a light of affordable, abundant energy.

West Africa has dominated the continent’s production for more than 50 years since Shell/BP began production in the Oloibiri field in the Niger Delta in 1958. Similarly, Gulf Oil—now Chevron—began offshore production in the Cabinda province of the Congo River basin in Angola in 1968. Angola had a long history of oil seeps dating to 1700s. The first onshore production was in the Benfica field in 1956, but the Malongo field was the first significant commercial production. 

Despite long enjoying control over African production, both Nigeria and Angola are now struggling to find the right split between government and commercial interests for in-vestment to continue. Estimates are that investment in deep-water Angola and Nigeria has been cut by USD 100 billion. Without new investment, production will decline by half of its current level.

Nigeria is restructuring its governance and petroleum industry financing, which—if successful—should bring stability and greater investment back into the Niger Delta. Offshore Angola projects are suspended across all operators, pending fiscal reforms that reduce government share under current production-sharing contracts, which can be as high as 90%.
ADNOC Case Studies Illustrate Importance of Technology Qualification Process
Authors: Whitfield Stephen
Published: August 2017

For operators and service companies looking to gain an edge in a growing technology marketplace, the link between technology development strategy and overall operational strategy is fundamental. Careful planning is required to ensure the efficient use of resources on technologies that target high-priority problems and high-impact solutions, while responding to near-term challenges and laying the foundation for longer-term goals. An established roadmap could serve as a point of reference to satisfy technology requirements in response to current and arising challenges for a company looking to produce new technologies in-house or facilitate the development with other companies. 

With that in mind, the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company’s (ADNOC) Upstream Directorate developed a stage-gate process for new technology development and qualification. The process was designed to minimize the risk associated with deploying new technologies to a level that can be managed or mitigated, ensuring compliance with operational constraints and promoting the safety of assets and people.

Sherif El-Gharbawy, ADNOC’s authority on technology maturity, presented a paper outlining case studies on the development and qualification process, Tech Qual, at the 2017 Offshore Technology Conference (OTC). At last year’s OTC, he presented a paper with coauthor, Wafik Beydoun on the establishment of ADNOC’s technology development process. That paper outlined the company’s use of Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) to advance the development of a new, or unproven, technology along a structured path toward deployment or commercialization.

Developed by NASA in the 1980s to help qualify spacecraft design, the TRL is a means of estimating the readiness of a component to be implemented into an operating system. The process involves the establishment of stage gates to facilitate the transition of the technology from one phase to the next while staying focused on applicability and profitability.

“[The NASA TRL Scale] is the original scale and most-recognized scale, both globally and regionally in the Arabian Gulf area,” El-Gharbawy said about ADNOC’s adoption of TRLs. “It was made simpler and adapted to fit our operations terminology and technology development phases as opposed to NASA’s flight simulation applications.”

ADNOC Research and Development manages the progress in TRLs 1–6 (Fig. 1) before transferring those responsibilities to its operating companies (OPCOs). Along with the research and development teams from its OPCOs, service companies, and international shareholders, ADNOC leads the technology development phase between TRLs 4 and 6, with the OPCOs taking ownership afterward. The goal is to steer the development process away from the “Valley of Death,” a term used to describe a technology’s failure to reduce risk through development, and hence bridge the gap between fundamental research in the lower TRLs and commercialization in the higher TRLs.
Technology Focus: Formation Evaluation (August 2017)
Authors: Ma Shouxiang (Mark)
Published: August 2017

Technology Focus

Not too long ago, horizontal drilling revolutionized the petroleum industry. Emerging logging-while-drilling and geosteering technologies helped bring about multilateral, maximum-contact, and smart-completion wells, allowing reservoirs to be developed and produced much more efficiently and economically. This increased recovery, thus boosting reserves. In the process, formation evaluation plays a critical role in determining whether a producer or an injector is successful.

More recently, efficient mass horizontal drilling and optimized multistage massive fracturing have turned traditionally nonreservoir source rock into sweet spots of energy strategy on a global scale. Production from unconventional reservoirs in the last decade has dramatically changed the petroleum industry, and this movement continues to evolve. Developing unconventional resources demands unconventional thinking, mainly because of the many challenges involved in evaluating tight source rocks. The two fundamental petrophysical properties, pore structure and wettability, are completely different between conventional reservoirs and unconventional source rocks.

What may be next on the horizon?

It is estimated that methane hydrates contain much more gas than shale plays, and, understandably, many countries are keen to explore this vast potential. As per recent news releases, China Geological Survey geoscientists and China National Petroleum Corporation engineers may have made a great technology breakthrough by being able to test significant hydrate-gas production in the South China Sea. If this is sustainable, exploring hydrate gas may be the next game changer for the energy industry. Evaluating hydrate gas formations would not be easy, however, and producing them safely, economically, and in an environmentally friendly way would be very challenging. But, I have high hopes that future technologies will be able to resolve these challenges to produce hydrate gas conventionally so it can be used to improve living standards.

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

SPE 182448 The Petrophysics Role of Low-Resistivity Pay Zone of Talang Akar Formation, South Sumatera Basin, Indonesia by Z. Holis, SKK Migas, et al.

SPE 183883 Using Digital Rock Modeling To Estimate Permeability and Capillary Pressure From NMR and Geochemical Logs by Hao Zhang, Baker Hughes, et al.

SPE 183800 An Innovative Approach for Integrated Characterization and Modeling of a Complex Carbonate Reservoir by F. Ben Amor, Schlumberger, et al.
RESEARCH ON MAXIMIZING CRITICAL AND REDUCING INITIAL HEAT FLUX DENSITIES TO ELIMINATE ANY FILM BOILING AND MINIMIZE DISTORTION DURING QUENCHING
Authors: Kobasko Nikolai , Moskalenko Anatolii , Lohvynenko Petro , Dobryvechir Volodymyr
Published: August 2017

In the paper the results of testing three types of FUCHS oils: Thermisol QH 120, Thermisol QH 10 and Thermisol QB 46 are discussed. The main attention is paid to critical heat flux densities evaluation because they create a basis for optimizing cooling intensity of any liquid quenchant. In the paper is underlined that any film boiling during quenching is undesirable since it is a reason for big distortion and non-uniform surface harness. It is shown that intensive quenching decreases distortion of steel parts during quenching. To eliminate film boiling during quenching in mineral oils, optimal temperature of oil should be chosen which maximize the first critical heat flux density and special additives should be used to decrease initial heat flux by creating surface micro-coating. Along with the evaluation of heat transfer coefficients, critical heat flux densities inherent to liquid quenchant must be measured first to optimize quenching processes. International DATABASE on cooling characteristics of liquid quenchants must include critical heat flux densities, initial heat flux densities, and heat transfer coefficients allowing optimizing and governing quenching processes.