bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic subtyping and phylogenetic analysis of HA and NA from avian influenza virus in wild birds from Peru reveals unique features among circulating strains in America
Authors: Castro-Sanguinetti Gina R. , Marques Simas Paulo Vitor , Apaza-Chiara Ana Paola , Callupe-Leyva Jose Alonso , Rondon-Espinoza Juan Alexander , Gavidia Cesar M. , More-Bayona Juan Anderson , Gonzalez Veliz Rosa Isabel , Vakharia Vikram N. , Icochea Maria Eliana
Published: June 2022

Avian influenza virus (AIV) represents a major concern with productive implications in poultry systems but it is also a zoonotic agent that possesses an intrinsic pandemic risk. AIV is an enveloped, negative-sense and single-stranded RNA virus with a segmented genome. The eight genomic segments, comprising the whole genome, encode for eleven proteins. Within these proteins, Hemagglutinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA) are the most relevant for studies of evolution and pathogenesis considering their role in viral replication, and have also been used for classification purposes. Migratory birds are the main hosts and play a pivotal role in viral evolution and dissemination due to their migratory routes that comprise large regions worldwide. Altogether, viral and reservoir factors contribute to the emergence of avian influenza viruses with novel features and pathogenic potentials. The study aimed to conduct surveillance of AIVs in wild birds from Peru. A multi-site screening of feces of migratory birds was performed to isolate viruses and to characterize the whole genome sequences, especially the genes coding for HA and NA proteins. Four-hundred-twenty-one (421) fecal samples, collected between March 2019 and March 2020 in Lima, were obtained from 21 species of wild birds. From these, we isolated five AIV from whimbrel, kelp gull, Franklin’s gulls and Mallard, which were of low pathogenicity, including four subtypes as H6N8, H13N6, H6N2 and H2N6. Genetic analysis of HA and NA genes revealed novel features in these viruses and phylogenetic analysis exhibited a close relationship with those identified in North America (US and Canada). Furthermore, H2N6 isolate presented a NA sequence with higher genetic relationship to Chilean isolates. These results highlight that the geographical factor is of major relevance in the evolution of AIV, suggesting that AIV circulating in Peru might represent a new site for the emergence of reassortant AIVs.
Mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming by SIRT3 regulation ameliorates drug resistance in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Gu Young-Ran , Kim Jinu , Na Joon Chae , Han Woong Kyu
Published: June 2022

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) alters metabolic signals frequently, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, such as increase of glycolysis and accumulation of lipid. Sirtuin3 (SIRT3) is a key factor for the regulation of both mitochondrial integrity and function. SIRT3 is downregulated and contributes in both cancer development and progression in ccRCC. The aim of this study is to investigate SIRT3-regulated mitochondrial biogenesis in ccRCC. SIRT3 overexpression alone reduced glucose uptake rate and enhanced membrane potential in mitochondria. ccRCC with overexpressed SIRT3 further improved the lethal effects when combined with anticancer drugs (Resveratrol, Everolimus and Temsirolimus). Cell viability was markedly decreased in a dose-dependent manner when treated with resveratrol or mTOR inhibitors in SIRT3 overexpressing ccRCC. In conclusion, SIRT3 improved mitochondrial functions in ccRCC through metabolic reprogramming. Mitochondrial reprogramming by SIRT3 regulation improves the sensitivity to anticancer drugs. The combination of SIRT3 and resveratrol functioned synergistically lethal effect in ccRCC.
Nutritional and health status of a cohort of school-age children born to mothers treated for severe acute malnutrition in their childhood in The Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Murhima’Alika Christine Chimanuka , Balolebwami Zigabe Serge , Bahati Lufungulo Yvette , Mwene-Batu Lyabayungu Pacifique , Garhalangwa Mayeri Daniel , Gaylord Amani Ngaboyeka , Dramaix Michèle , Donnen Philippe , Bisimwa Balaluka Ghislain
Published: June 2022

Background

Malnutrition is a public health problem, but outside the theoretical framework, little is known about the concrete intergenerational effects of malnutrition.

Objective

The objective of this study is to compare the nutritional status and health indicators of school children born to mothers who were treated for severe acute malnutrition (SAM).

Methodology

The study took place in Miti-Murhesa health zone in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This is a cohort study assessing the nutritional and health status of school children born to mothers who had been treated for SAM, based on WHZ or edema, in Lwiro hospital between 1988–2002 compared to children born to mothers who were not exposed to SAM. Stunting and thinness were evaluated by Height for Age Z-score (HAZ) and Body Mass Index by Age criteria (BMIAZ) respectively. On admission, blood samples were taken to assess anemia, HIV serology, hemogram and others biological indicators. Stool’s examinations were conducted by using Olympus optical microscope. Parametric and non-parametric tests were applied to compare the different variables in two groups.

Results

We identified 106 children aged 5–16 years (103 exposed and 58 unexposed) and we received 83.5% and 91.4% children respectively for anthropometric parameters. The mean of age was 7.9 ± 2.4 year in exposed group and 7.4 ± 2.1 year in unexposed group (p = 0.26). The prevalence of stunting was 68.3% in the exposed group and 67.3% in the unexposed group (p = 0.90). The prevalence of thinness was 12.8% in the exposed group and 9.6% in the unexposed group (p = 0.57). The biological profile (glycemia, urea, creatinine and hemogram) and the prevalence of intestinal parasites were similar in the two groups.

Conclusion

In this sample, in a malnutrition-endemic area, there was no statistically significant difference in nutrition and health indicators between school children born to mothers exposed to SAM and their community controls.
Using Google Health Trends to investigate COVID-19 incidence in Africa
Authors: Fulk Alexander , Romero-Alvarez Daniel , Abu-Saymeh Qays , Saint Onge Jarron M. , Peterson A. Townsend , Agusto Folashade B.
Published: June 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused over 500 million cases and over six million deaths globally. From these numbers, over 12 million cases and over 250 thousand deaths have occurred on the African continent as of May 2022. Prevention and surveillance remains the cornerstone of interventions to halt the further spread of COVID-19. Google Health Trends (GHT), a free Internet tool, may be valuable to help anticipate outbreaks, identify disease hotspots, or understand the patterns of disease surveillance. We collected COVID-19 case and death incidence for 54 African countries and obtained averages for four, five-month study periods in 2020–2021. Average case and death incidences were calculated during these four time periods to measure disease severity. We used GHT to characterize COVID-19 incidence across Africa, collecting numbers of searches from GHT related to COVID-19 using four terms: ‘coronavirus’, ‘coronavirus symptoms’, ‘COVID19’, and ‘pandemic’. The terms were related to weekly COVID-19 case incidences for the entire study period via multiple linear and weighted linear regression analyses. We also assembled 72 variables assessing Internet accessibility, demographics, economics, health, and others, for each country, to summarize potential mechanisms linking GHT searches and COVID-19 incidence. COVID-19 burden in Africa increased steadily during the study period. Important increases for COVID-19 death incidence were observed for Seychelles and Tunisia. Our study demonstrated a weak correlation between GHT and COVID-19 incidence for most African countries. Several variables seemed useful in explaining the pattern of GHT statistics and their relationship to COVID-19 including: log of average weekly cases, log of cumulative total deaths, and log of fixed total number of broadband subscriptions in a country. Apparently, GHT may best be used for surveillance of diseases that are diagnosed more consistently. Overall, GHT-based surveillance showed little applicability in the studied countries. GHT for an ongoing epidemic might be useful in specific situations, such as when countries have significant levels of infection with low variability. Future studies might assess the algorithm in different epidemic contexts.
Simultaneous determination of four cobalamins in rat plasma using online solid phase extraction coupled to high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: Application to pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: Jiang Xiaomei , Wang Yan , Liu Jia
Published: June 2022

A high throughput and high sensitive online solid phase extraction coupled to high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was established and validated for simultaneous quantification of four cobalamins including OHCbl, CNCbl, AdoCbl and MeCbl in rat plasma. Analytes were first enriched on an online SPE Shim-pack MAYI-ODS column and then separated using a Poroshell 120 EC C18 analytical column. The linear range was from 0.05 to 5 ng/ml and the LLOQ was 0.05 ng/ml for all four cobalamins. In addition, this method was applied to determine the cobalamins levels in pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling rat model for the first time.
What stands between self-disgust and borderline features?
Authors: Carreiras Diogo , Castilho Paula , Cunha Marina
Published: June 2022

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by emotional instability, unstable relationships, feelings of abandonment and emptiness, impulsivity, and self-harm. An unstable self-image is also a common borderline feature, often marked by self-criticism, self-hate and feeling of disgust towards aspects of the self. Considering the developmental path of BPD, it is essential to act at early ages with adolescents that show growing and persistent borderline features. The present study aimed to test the mediation role of self-compassion in the relationship between self-disgust and borderline features in Portuguese adolescents. Participants were 655 adolescents (381 girls and 274 boys) with an average of 15.58 years old (SD = 1.51), who completed self-report questionnaires at school. Data were analyzed through SPSS and PROCESS Macro to perform descriptive statistics, comparisons, correlations and regressions. Results showed that self-compassion mediated the relationship between self-disgust and borderline features. The mediation model explained 51% of borderline features and gender was used as a covariate, considering that girls exhibited higher self-disgust and borderline features, and lower self-compassion than boys. These findings indicate that cultivating self-compassion skills in adolescents could be a potential positive regulation mechanism for self-disgust's effect on borderline features.
Terapia focada na compaixão online para a perturbação de ansiedade social na adolescência (CFT@TeenSAD)
Authors: Vieira Figueiredo Diana , Ganho-Ávila Ana , Ramos Miguel Rita , Paulo Marlene , Nobre-Lima Luiza , Salvador Maria do Céu , Rijo Daniel , Vagos Paula Emanuel Rocha
Published: June 2022

Este trabalho investigou a eficácia da Terapia Focada na Compaixão (TFC) nos sintomas da perturbação de ansiedade social (PAS) na adolescência, com base em dados recolhidos ao longo da intervenção. A TFC contribuiu para o bem-estar psicológico em várias populações, mas é escassa a evidência sobre a sua eficácia no tratamento da PAS em adolescentes. Vinte e um adolescentes (57.1% raparigas; 15-18 anos) com PAS receberam tratamento online. A intervenção CFT@TeenSAD foi organizada em quatro módulos sequenciais: A mente de acordo com a TFC, Promoção do eu-compassivo e de competências para uma mente compassiva, Prática de comportamento compassivo, Últimas notas e continuar numa viagem compassiva. Antes de cada sessão, os adolescentes reportaram mudança percebida na gravidade dos sintomas e os clínicos fizeram essa avaliação no final de cada sessão. Tanto os adolescentes (F (1.540) = 32.271, p<0.0005, ηp2 = 0.63) como os clínicos (F (1.528) = 24.783, p< 0.0005, ηp2= 0.57) relataram melhoria continuada ao longo do tratamento, com mudança significativa ao longo dos quatro módulos. As trajetórias de mudança foram semelhantes para rapazes e raparigas. A TFC surge como uma abordagem promissora na PAS em adolescentes, contribuindo para a diminuição contínua da gravidade dos sintomas.
A Compassion-Focused Therapy approach for hoarding disorder
Authors: Chou Chia-Ying , DuFrene Troy
Published: June 2022

Hoarding Disorder (HD) was formally recognized as a mental health diagnosis in 2013. A number of therapeutic methods have been developed and tailored for HD, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT). The aims of this article are threefold: First, to provide a description of the rationale of developing a group CFT protocol for HD (CFT-HD); Second, to introduce the theoretical framework, treatment targets, and techniques of CFT-HD; Third and finally, to share existing empirical evidence of CFT-HD, and an ongoing study on CFT-HD conducted in a private practice setting. Implications of the development of and research findings on CFT-HD, as well as future directions, are discussed.
News of Constitutions
Authors: Schultz Kirsten
Published: June 2022

This article examines the spread of constitutionalist ideas in the city of Rio de Janeiro in the 1810s and early 1820s. Successful pro-constitutionalist mobilization in early 1821 raises questions of how residents of Rio learned of constitutionalist projects taking shape elsewhere in the Atlantic world, most notably that of the Spanish Constitution of Cádiz written in 1812. By examining the record of efforts both to prevent the spread of news from Spain and to disseminate and interpret the constitution written there, especially by Hipólito da Costa (1774-1823) in his London-based Correio Braziliense, this article examines how encounters with news of the Spanish constitution transformed Luso-Brazilian understandings of constitutional government. As Costa’s readers learned, the constitution written in Cádiz in 1812 was a turning point not because it offered a model to be adopted wholesale but rather because it illuminated constitutionalism as a political path forward in an era of trans-Atlantic crisis.
De Clio a Cassandra
Authors: Serrano Clara , Neto Sérgio Duarte
Published: June 2022

O presente artigo propõe-se estudar o modo como as temáticas relacionadas com a União Europeia (UE) são tratadas pelos manuais de História do 9.º ano do Ensino Básico português. A abordagem metodológica foi, principalmente, qualitativa, baseada na análise do conteúdo de cinco manuais, mas também incluiu alguns dados quantitativos, para determinar a importância dada aos tópicos europeus. Assim, conclui-se que os manuais de História, embora contenham alguma informação sobre o processo de construção política, as instituições, as políticas económicas e sociais, bem como sobre as vantagens e desvantagens da integração de Portugal na UE, apresentam-na principalmente numa perspetiva linear, não conferindo prioridade ao desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico dos estudantes sobre a UE. O presente estudo aponta, de igual modo, para uma predominância dos conteúdos relacionados com a cidadania nacional, sendo a cidadania europeia apresentada de forma breve e normativa aos estudantes.
Liberdade e justiça popular
Authors: Subtil José
Published: June 2022

A liberdade e a justiça foram temas muito debatidos nas Cortes Constituintes e Ordinárias do liberalismo vintista. Se o debate sobre a justiça incidiu sobre as opções entre juízes populares e juízes letrados, o debate sobre a liberdade centrou-se no seu abuso, respetiva criminalização e julgamento, ou seja, acabou por ligar a justiça à liberdade. Se os debates marcaram as fronteiras entre os deputados radicais, moderados e conservadores, assinalaram, também, dois dos maiores embaraços políticos para o novo regime se legitimar como diferente da monarquia corporativa: a representatividade do processo eleitoral e o apuramento dos conselhos de jurados. O presente texto aborda a emblemática Lei da Liberdade da Imprensa e o modelo especial de julgamento dos seus crimes cujo desfecho irá influenciar, de forma inovadora, o modelo de justiça da monarquia constitucional.
Concepções de Estado de João Soares Lisboa
Authors: Saenz Leme Marisa
Published: June 2022

Discutem-se neste artigo as formulações para a organização do Estado elaboradas pelo comerciante português João Soares Lisboa, um dos expoentes do campo considerado liberal-radical desenvolvido no processo de Independência e início do Primeiro Reinado no Brasil. Elas foram apresentadas no seu jornal, Correio do Rio de Janeiro, sobretudo nas edições de 1823, quando se reunia a Constituinte brasileira, fórum em que se confrontaram diversas concepções a respeito do Estado a se constituir no país em formação. Num contexto linguístico de sinonímia entre os termos federação e confederação, distinguiu-se Lisboa pela singularidade das suas concepções em face do campo político ao qual pertencia. Trata-se de diferenças importantes de serem recuperadas para se aprofundar a compreensão dos posicionamentos liberais no Brasil da época. As formulações apresentadas nos Artigos Federalistas a respeito das temáticas abordadas constituíram as referências teóricas para o balizamento desses posicionamentos.
Constitucionais ou absolutistas, eram todos «portugueses»
Authors: Cheche Galves Marcelo
Published: June 2022

O texto analisa elementos do debate impresso referenciado na província do Maranhão, entre a adesão à Revolução Liberal e a incorporação ao Império do Brasil, em julho de 1823. Para tanto, explora peculiaridades da implantação da atividade tipográfica na província, momento em que também apresenta um conjunto de autores e impressos, e situa as Cortes como ponto de convergência entre esses autores na denúncia do «despotismo» que caracterizaria seus adversários; em seguida, analisa as principais expectativas dos proprietários em relação à nova ordem constitucional; por fim, aponta para outra convergência, relativa à fidelidade ao governo português, ante a Independência vitoriosa no Rio de Janeiro. No horizonte, contempla a participação política de outros grupos sociais, não reconhecidos nos espaços públicos formais de representação, em constituição.
Prosumers Flexibility as Support for Ancillary Services in Low Voltage Level
Authors: Faia Ricardo , Pinto Tiago , Lezama Fernando , Vale Zita , Corchado Juan Manuel , González-Briones Alfonso
Published: June 2022

The prosumers flexibility procurement has increased due to the current penetration of distributed and variable renewable energy sources. The prosumers flexibility is often able to quickly adjust the power consumption, making it well suited as a primary and secondary reserve for ancillary services. In the era of smart grids, the role of the aggregator has been increasingly exploited and considered as a player that can facilitate small prosumers' participation in electricity markets. This paper proposes an approach based on the use of prosumers flexibility by an aggregator to support ancillary services at a low voltage level. An asymmetric pool market approach is considered for flexibility negotiation between prosumers and the local marker operator (aggregator). From the achieved results it is possible to conclude that the use of flexibility can bring technical and economic benefits for network operators.
Formation of the concept of "benefit" in Russian language.
Authors: Dronova Lyubov , Yanchun Liu
Published: June 2022

The article discusses the formation of the concept of "Benefit" from a historical point of view. Based on the material of the literary language, its stages are determined on the basis of historical changes in the nominational structure of this fragment of the Russian linguistic image of the world. The first, prehistoric period, is associated with the most common native Slavic designation of the concept of "benefit" by the lexeme greed and its various regional names (extraction, gain, profit), realizing the motivational sign "result (material) that the subject aspired to". The next stage is the collision and interaction of the pagan interpretation of benefit, primarily as prey, with the Christian understanding of benefit as something that gives relief (soul and body), liberation (from sins and hardships of everyday life). The third and fourth stages are associated with the interpretation of the concept expressed by the word benefit on Russian soil. The preservation of the connection between the concept of "benefit" with the concepts of "relief" and "help" is evidenced by the data of a number of dialects and Dahl's dictionary.
Functional and Stylistic Aspects of Foreign Toponyms Used in the Literary Texts of Michael Matusovsky
Authors: Dyakova Tatyana
Published: June 2022

Various aspects of the study of toponymic vocabulary in modern linguistics are analyzed, the principles of distinguishing foreign language toponymic units in the literary texts of M. Matusovsky are described. Various groups of toponyms from the writer's works are studied. The statistics of the toponymic units use is presented. The stylistic features of the use of foreign toponyms in the writer's poetic and prose works are studied. The main functions of toponym usage are: depiction of local, historical aspects as well as landscape peculiarities and a real image of the environment.  Among the figures of speech with toponyms, the most common are antithesis, epiphora, parallelism. Toponyms are also used in the formation of rhetoric speeches, they perform a rhythmic and intonation function.
The Concept of “Easy Language” and its Perspectives in Linguistics
Authors: Osokina Svetlana
Published: June 2022

The article is of theoretical content and aimed at description of the current foundations for the concept of “easy language” as well as its further research perspectives in linguistics. The author examines the terminological status of the expression “easy language” taking into account available scientific views on the problem and comparative semantic analysis of the words used for naming the key concept by different researchers.  The article provides discussion of research papers published in Russia and abroad. Among the further perspectives of the development of the “easy language” concept, the author considers to be cognitive studies, sociolinguistics, text theory, and translation theory.  The conclusion is that further development of the concept of  “easy language” is necessary and relevant because it is focused on creation a special language subsystem to help people with communication difficulties, especially those with cognitive impairments and learning difficulties, to avoid communication breakdowns caused by standard language processing.
Effect of Obesity on Risk of Hospitalization, Surgery, and Serious Infection in Biologic-Treated Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A CA-IBD Cohort Study
Authors: Gu Phillip , Luo Jiyu , Kim Jihoon , Paul Paulina , Limketkai Berkeley , Sauk Jenny S. , Park Sunhee , Parekh Nimisha , Zheng Kai , Rudrapatna Vivek , Syal Gaurav , Ha Christina , McGovern Dermot P. , Melmed Gil Y. , Fleshner Phillip , Eisenstein Samuel , Ramamoorthy Sonia , Dulai Parambir S. , Boland Brigid S. , Grunvald Eduardo , Mahadevan Uma , Ohno-Machado Lucila , Sandborn William J. , Singh Siddharth
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Obesity is variably associated with treatment response in biologic-treated patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). We evaluated the association between obesity and risk of hospitalization, surgery, or serious infections in patients with IBD in new users of biologic agents in a large, multicenter, electronic health record (EHR)-based cohort (CA-IBD).

METHODS:

We created an EHR-based cohort of adult patients with IBD who were new users of biologic agents (tumor necrosis factor [TNF-α] antagonists, ustekinumab, and vedolizumab) between January 1, 2010, and June 30, 2017, from 5 health systems in California. Patients were classified as those with normal body mass index (BMI), overweight, or obese based on the World Health Organization classification. We compared the risk of all-cause hospitalization, IBD-related surgery, or serious infections among patients with obesity vs those overweight vs those with normal BMI, using Cox proportional hazard analyses, adjusting for baseline demographic, disease, and treatment characteristics.

RESULTS:

Of 3,038 biologic-treated patients with IBD (69% with Crohn's disease and 76% on TNF-α antagonists), 28.2% (n = 858) were overweight, and 13.7% (n = 416) were obese. On a follow-up after biologic initiation, obesity was not associated with an increased risk of hospitalization (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] vs normal BMI, 0.90; [95% confidence interval, 0.72–1.13]); IBD-related surgery (aHR, 0.62 [0.31–1.22]); or serious infection (aHR, 1.11 [0.73–1.71]). Similar results were observed on stratified analysis by disease phenotype (Crohn's disease vs ulcerative colitis) and index biologic therapy (TNF-α antagonists vs non–TNF-α antagonists).

DISCUSSION:

In a multicenter, EHR-based cohort of biologic-treated patients with IBD, obesity was not associated with hospitalization, surgery, or serious infections. Further studies examining the effect of visceral obesity on patient-reported and endoscopic outcomes are needed.
BACIAS DE DETENÇÃO E IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS: UMA ANÁLISE DA INTERVENÇÃO SOBRE O CÓRREGO SÃO FRANCISCO/ASSIS DAS CHAGAS, BELO HORIZONTE – MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Araujo Bárbara Janine Reis Silva , Castilho Luís Otávio Rocha , Lopes Frederico Wagner de Azevedo , Da Rocha Deborah Cristina
Published: June 2022

Bacias de detenção são, em geral, medidas estruturais em bacias hidrográficas urbanas para redução dos impactos de grandes inundações, especialmente em áreas com condições naturais favoráveis e sistemas de drenagem incipientes. O Plano Municipal de Saneamento de Belo Horizonte, capital do estado de Minas Gerais, prevê obras desse tipo, já que são recorrentes os danos das inundações neste município, potencializados pelas opções de saneamento anteriores, de canalizações de muitos cursos d’água, impermeabilização de vias e do crescimento urbano. Assim, foi realizada a Avaliação dos Impactos Ambientais (AIA) das obras e da operação da bacia de detenção do Córrego São Francisco/Assis das Chagas, nordeste da bacia hidrográfica do Córrego do Engenho Nogueira, na regional Pampulha, em Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais, Brasil. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida para elaboração da AIA, com a proposição de abordagem conciliada, qualitativa e quantitativa e baseada nos estudos ambientais, trabalhos de campo e cartográficos. Constatou-se a eficácia e as fragilidades do instrumento, foram apontadas discussões das relações entre ele e as políticas integradas (urbanas e de recursos hídricos em Belo Horizonte), como forma de fomentar reflexões para o exercício desta avaliação.
ESTUDOS DE VALES SECOS EM ÁREAS CÁRSTICAS: REVISÃO E POSSIBILIDADES
Authors: Nogueira Adivane Morais , Uagoda Rogério , Caldeira Dandara
Published: June 2022

O carste apresenta regiões de conexões entre os sistemas fluviais e cársticos o fluviocarste, dispondo de feições típicas, como os vales secos. Tais feições vêm sendo estudadas de diversas formas para contribuir no entendimento da dinâmica geomorfológica do carste. Este estudo visa fazer uma revisão sobre vales secos em sistemas cársticos, tendo em vista observar o potencial científico destas áreas para diversas aplicabilidades. A revisão utilizou como principal forma de busca a plataforma Web Of Science (todas as bases), abrangendo o período entre 1945-2020, que abordavam sobre tais feições, com o uso das seguintes palavras-chave: karstic valley, dry valleys, blind valley, relict valley, ancient valley, fossil valley, solution valley, paleovalley e paleokarst valley, resultando em vinte e sete trabalhos, com diversas propostas de análise, evidenciando os fatores envolvidos na dinâmica fluviocárstica. O levantamento permite observar que são poucos estudos considerando a extensão de ocorrência de rochas carbonáticas no mundo, havendo concentração das pesquisas no continente europeu. No Brasil, apesar de dispor de regiões carbonáticas e das várias áreas mapeadas com ocorrência de cavernas, principalmente no bioma Cerrado, não há pesquisas sobre o tema, mesmo que viabilizem a identificação dos fatores que influenciam evoluções dos sistemas fluviocársticos.
REDES: DOS SENTIDOS ORIGINAIS À NATUREZA DAS REDES NAS AÇÕES COLETIVAS
Authors: Coelho Neto Agripino Souza
Published: June 2022

Este artigo objetiva apresentar os múltiplos usos e significações do conceito de rede, destacando suas possibilidades de aplicação para compreensão de uma variedade de fenômenos de naturezas distintas. O artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, dialogando com vários autores das humanidades. O texto está estruturado em três momentos. Inicialmente, parte-se da identificação dos sentidos originais na antiguidade até a explosão de significados que o conceito adquiriu nas últimas quatro décadas. Em seguida, busca-se demonstrar a amplitude de usos e significações de rede na ciência contemporânea, destacando o procedimento de qualificação do conceito e a formulação de conceitos adjetivados. No terceiro momento, centrou-se no mapeamento das concepções de rede adotadas para compressão das ações coletivas, destacando a sua natureza distintiva. Nesse sentido, propõe-se a acompanhar o percurso do conceito, identificando e “mapeando” usos e significações e delimitando sua aplicação as ações coletivas em particular.
Algumas concepções sobre o fracasso escolar no Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Marília Villela de
Published: June 2022

Resumo: Nosso objetivo é apontar alguns dos vários mascaramentos presentes nas concepções sobre o fracasso escolar e, atualmente, no discurso do "respeito à diversidade". A luta contra o fracasso escolar tem-se pautado no respeito às diferenças culturais presentes na mesma organização social, mas essa concepção, se simplificada ou fragmentada, pôe em risco as possibilidades reais de criação de novas formas de organisação social e escolar. O processo de globalização econômica e a tendência a possibilidades de homogeneização cultural podem ampliara o quadro referencial de reflexão sobre a diversidade, mas, ao mesmo tempo, pode decapitá-lo em sua ações concretas. A partir da teoria do curriculo e do desvelamento das diferentes concepções de diversidade é possível superar a fragmentação da prática pedagógica escolar e das nossas concepções dobre o sucesso e o fracasso dentro dela e, mais ainda, pressupor uma nova perspectiva de organização/transformação social, fundamentada no já vivido e consolidado no cotidiano das relações sociais.
 
Abstract: Our intent is to point out some of the many masks envolving the conceptions of school failure and, nowadays, the discourse about "respect to diversity". The fight against school failure is being supported on the respect for cultural differences exhisting in a single social organization, but this conception, when simplified or fragmented, risks the real possibilities of creating new social and school organization forms. The economic organization process and the tendency to cultural homogenization can enlarge the paradigms for thinking about diversity, but, at the same time, it can make impossible effective actions supported by these paradigms. From curriculum theory and the unveiling of different conceptions of diversity, it's possible to surpass the fragmentation of pedagogic practice in school and, also, our ideas about success and failure in it. Furthermore, it's possible to presume the emergence of a new perspective of social organization/transformation, supported by a new utopia, based on experience and turned strong in everyday social relations.
Crise e democracia
Authors: Borges Bento Itamar
Published: June 2022

Resumo: Esta conferência, apresentada a estudantes de Direito, trata da crise atual, enquanto crise do estado capitalista e analisa três riscos que a democracia corre em momentos de crise acirrada. Dois desses riscos são apontados por Habermas em alguns escritos - o misticismo irracionalista, que pode fomentar a falsa revolução e a recaída no fascismo, que tenta justificar-se, como na teoria política de Carl Schmitt - e um terceiro está presente na obra mesma de Habermas, a saber, a insuficiência de um conceito meramente formal da democracia que ele quer salvar sob o paradigma discursivo.
 
Abstract: This paper, which was originally a lecture for Law students, deals with the present crisis, by understanding it as the crisis of the capitalist State. The author also analyses three risks for democracy in such moments of overwhelming loss of identity. Two risks were already pointed out by Habermas, for instance, in some of his texts the irracionalist misticism, which can inspire the false revolution, and the return to fascism, such as happened in Carl Schmitt's attempt to justify it in his political theory. And a third risk is to be found in Habermas work itself, namely, a mere concept of democracy, such as developped in his late discourse paradigm, turns out to be too formal, with no material substance.
concepção sartriana de ego transcendental
Authors: Sass Simeão Donizeti
Published: June 2022

Resumo: Este artigo trata da concepção de ego transcendental no pensamento de Jean-Paul Sartre. Especificamente temos a intenção de apresentar o modo como se constitui a perspectiva do ego como um objeto psiquico transcendente e as implicações dessa posição para a crítica ao solipsismo. Para efetuar essa tarefa Sartre toma como ponto de partida a idéia de intencionalidade.
Résumé: Cet article est au sujet de la conception de moi transcendantal dans la pensée de Jean-Paul Sartre. Spécifiquement nous avons l'intention de présenter le chemin comme la perspective du moi est constitué comme un objet transcendant et les implications de cette place pour la critique au solipsisme. Pour faire cette tâche Sartre il prend comme point de départ l'idée de l'intentionnalité.
 
Palavras-chave: ego; transcendencia; intencionalidade.
Race, Racismes, Racialisations
Authors: Doytcheva Milena , Gastaut Yvan
Published: June 2022

Ce numéro de la revue Émulations s’inscrit dans le prolongement des journées thématiques organisées à Paris en 2020 dans le cadre du projet collaboratif « Dire le racisme » (DIRA) . Il emprunte, par ailleurs, aux travaux du groupe « processus de racialisation » de l’Institut Convergences Migrations (ICM) . À partir de questionnements empiriques, méthodologiques et conceptuels portant sur les processus de catégorisation et de construction des catégories ethnoraciales, au prisme des rapports d’inégalité et de pouvoir, le présent dossier propose de renouveler l’examen des enjeux soulevés par le réseau conceptuel que forment race, racisme, racialisation, en plaçant délibérément la focale sur leurs dimensions théoriques et méthodologiques.
Peut-on parler de « racisme d’État » en France ?
Authors: Dhume Fabrice , Dunezat Xavier , Gourdeau Camille , Rabaud Aude
Published: June 2022

En 2017, le ministre français de l’Éducation nationale Jean-Michel Blanquer est applaudi par les députés lorsqu’il annonce, à l’Assemblée, porter plainte pour diffamation contre le syndicat SUD éducation 93 pour avoir « décidé de parler aussi de “racisme d’État” ». L’annonce fait l’objet d’une polémique à laquelle les sciences sociales, par médias interposés, participent. En mobilisant différents textuels (de presse et académiques), l’article répertorie les points de vue qui ont émergé « à chaud », puis esquisse une cartographie des usages différenciés de l’expression « racisme d’État » au sein de l’espace socioacadémique. Il ressort que le recours à cette catégorie s’inscrit dans un contexte politique marqué par diverses séquences institutionnelles ayant activé la « question raciale » et structuré la cristallisation d’un nouvel « antiracisme politique ». La double question du racisme d’État et de la généalogie coloniale de la République française polarise les points de vue sur les visages du racisme contemporain.
« Dire » les discriminations ethnoraciales à des chercheur·e·s « blanc·he·s »
Authors: Trucco Daniela , Bergamaschi Alessandro , Pantaléon Nathalie , Saint-Germes Eve
Published: June 2022

L’article propose une réflexion sur une dimension méthodologique peu étudiée dans la recherche francophone sur les discriminations ethnoraciales : celle du (dés)appariement « racial » entre chercheur·e·s et enquêté·e·s. Il revient sur une expérience d’enquête par entretiens auprès d’étudiant·e·s universitaires racisé·e·s, dont l’objet était de comprendre les processus et les conditions conduisant à « dire » ou « taire » les expériences de discrimination. En faisant dialoguer les littératures anglophones et francophones, l’article cherche ainsi à comprendre si les stratégies argumentatives mobilisées par les répondant·e·s sur leurs ressentis de discrimination ont pu subir l’influence de différents aspects méthodologiques de l’enquête : la stratégie de recrutement, la façon dont l’entretien a été proposé, la construction de la relation d’enquête à partir des différences et similitudes de statut, et une situation d’entretien où se confrontent chercheur·e·s « blanc·he·s » et enquêté·e·s racisé·e·s.
Adaptasi Sosial Tokoh Mikami dalam Film Subarashiki Sekai karya Miya Nishikawa
Authors: Fadli Zaki Ainul , Quartyza Nezatria Risma
Published: June 2022

This research was conducted to reveal and classify the social adaptation efforts made by the main character in the film "Subarishiki Sekai" by Miya Nishikawa. This type of research is quantitative research with a literary sociological approach. The theory used is Robert K. Merton‘s typology of adaptation. Data is collected by the listening and record method. The stages of adaptation according to Merton there are five, namely conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, and rebellion. The results showed that from the five stages of adaptation, Mikami only performed the following four stages: (1) conformity, changing the way you look, looking for job openings, buying the latest mobile phone, studying for a driving exam; (2) innovation, biting the stomach of a thug who locks an employee at night; (3) ritualism, not saving and laughing at Abe when other employees bullied and made fun of Abe; (4) Retreatism, go to Kyushu to isolate themselves when all Mikami’s efforts did not get the response he expected. The conclusion of this study is that social adaptation must be done by ex-convicts who want to blend back into society. In particular, the state and society must play a role and be present in helping ex-convicts to obtain jobs and re-mingle with society so that they do not return to illegal business or crime.
The ‘Aristotle Experience’ Revisited: Thomas Kuhn Meets Ludwik Fleck on the Road to

Structure
Authors: Jarnicki Paweł , Greif Hajo
Published: June 2022

This article takes issue with Kuhn’s description of the ‘Aristotle experience,’ an event that took place in 1947 and that he retrospectively characterized as a revelation that instantly delivered to him the key concepts of The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962). We trace a certain transformation of this narrative over time: whereas it commenced from a description of his impression of disparity between the textbook image of science and the study of historical sources, Kuhn started to characterize it as a revelation after learning of the English translation of Fleck’s 1935 Entstehung und Entwicklung einer wissenschaftlichen Tatsache. This book anticipates many central Kuhnian claims. Kuhn read it as early as 1949, but never fully acknowledged it as a source of inspiration. We discuss four hypotheses concerning the possible influence of Fleck’s theory on Kuhn’s in light of the available evidence. We conclude that the degree of similarity between them is too great to be coincidental.
Mueller matrix spectroscopic ellipsometry
Authors: Hilfiker James N. , Hong Nina , Schoeche Stefan
Published: June 2022

The Mueller matrix is a mathematical description of how light is altered by an optical element or a sample under study. It describes both intensity (irradiance) and polarization changes, including a reduction of the total polarization. Mueller matrix spectroscopic ellipsometry has gained recent popularity in the optics and semiconductor communities as an effective means to characterize complex sample structures and anisotropic materials. While this method is not new, its recent expansion to new fields has left many users with only a pedestrian understanding of the data they collect. This tutorial provides an overview of Mueller matrix spectroscopic ellipsometry with focus on practical aspects for those new to the technique.
Modeling thixotropic break-down behavior of dense anaerobically digested sludge
Authors: Terashima Mitsuharu , Kotegawa Yoko , Sun Meng , Liu Bing , Yasui Hidenari
Published: June 2022

Mixing and homogenization in anaerobic digesters are affected by the flow curve of sludge. The aim of this study is to mathematically express the flow curve of dense anaerobically digested sludge behaving as thixotropic and pseudoplastic fluids. Time-dependent changes in two pseudoplastic parameters, i.e., consistency index (µ
p) and pseudoplastic index (n), by shear are modeled using a second-order kinetic equation with a coefficient that includes the power function of the shear strain rate. The calculated results are consistent with the experimental results. The kinetic parameters that yielded the ultimate values after shearing were associated with the sludge concentration, unlike the other kinetic parameters.
Research on real-time reachability evaluation for reentry vehicles based on fuzzy learning
Authors: Ma Hong , Xu Ke , Sun Shouming , Zhang Wei , Xi Tao
Published: June 2022

Accurate and rapid prediction of reentry trajectory and landing point is the basis to ensure the reentry vehicle recovery and rescue, but it has high requirements for the continuity and stability of real-time monitoring and positioning data and the fidelity of the reentry prediction model. In order to solve the above contradiction, based on the theory of relative entropy and closeness in fuzzy learning, research on real-time evaluation of reentry reachability is presented in this article. With the Monte Carlo analysis data during the design and evaluation of the reentry vehicle control system, the reentry trajectory feature information base is designed. With the matching identification decision strategy between the identified trajectory and trajectory feature base, the reachability of the reentry vehicle, reachable trajectory, and landing point can be predicted. The simulation results show that by reasonably selecting the time window and using the evaluation method designed in this article, making statistics of the trajectory sequence number and frequency identified based on relative entropy and closeness method, the reachability evaluation results can be given stably, which is suitable for the real-time task evaluation of TT&C system.
Adaptive Produktionsmittel für sich verändernde Bedingungen
Authors: Berndt Dirk , Sauer Steffen , Trostmann Erik , Haase Tina , Hauptvogel Matthias
Published: June 2022

Gegenstand der Forschungsarbeiten sind Produktionsmittel, die sich durch eine hohe Flexibilität und Adaptivität auszeichnen. Dabei werden Digitale Soll-Zwillinge von Produkt, Prozess, Sensoren und Produktionsmitteln benutzt, damit Arbeitsaufgaben auf Basis von Simulationen automatisiert geplant und optimiert werden können.

Ein breites Anwendungsfeld bietet die Montage hochwertiger Industriegüter. Charakteristisch sind hier die zunehmenden Produktvarianten bis zur Stückzahl eins. Das erfordert eine breite Vielfalt an Methoden und Technologien, die von menschengerecht gestalteten Assistenzsystemen in der manuellen und hybriden Montage bis hin zu vollautomatisierten Systemen reichen.
Simple green organic chemistry experiments with the kitchen microwave for high school chemistry classrooms
Authors: Linkwitz Michael , Zidny Robby , Nida Safwatun , Seeger Lea , Belova Nadja , Eilks Ingo
Published: June 2022

Microwave systems have been used in organic chemistry since the late 1990s for applications including Microwave-Assisted Organic Synthesis (MAOS). The main advantages of microwave-assisted procedures compared to traditional synthesis methods are the 100- to 1000-fold increase in reaction speeds, higher yields, purer products, and less energy consumption. So far, only a few examples for integrating microwave-induced chemistry into high school chemistry classes have been proposed. This paper presents a set of experiments intended to provide insights into using microwave technology in the context of green, organic chemistry lessons in high school.
Attitudes and Perceptions about the 2020 Presidential Election and Turnout Intentions in the 2022 Midterms
Authors: Weinschenk Aaron , Panagopoulos Costas
Published: June 2022

The 2020 presidential election was unparalleled. President Donald Trump refused to commit to a peaceful transfer of power, indicated that he would not accept the election results, and alleged that there was widespread voter fraud. In addition, on January 6, 2021, Trump supporters stormed the U.S. Capitol in an attempt to overturn his defeat. In this paper, our aim is to understand public perceptions about these topics. We are interested in the distribution of public opinion on these issues but also in whether and how perceptions of these topics are related to intentions to participate in the 2022 midterm elections. Using data from an original, nationally representative survey (n = 1350) conducted in February 2021, we find that those who support the peaceful transfer following the 2020 election are more likely to report intending to vote in 2022 than those who do not. In addition, those who approve of the January 6th attack on the Capitol are more inclined to vote in 2022 than their counterparts. These relationships hold even after controlling for key variables like previous turnout, partisanship, ideology, and demographics.
Reducing settlement of soft clay using different grouting materials
Authors: Al-Saidi Aamal A. , Al-Juari Khawla Ahmed Khalil , Fattah Mohammed Y.
Published: June 2022

Different injection material types were tried in the injection of soft clay, such as lime (L), silica fume (SF), and leycobond-h (LH). In this study, experiments were made to study the effect of injection on soft clay consolidation settlement. A sample of natural soft clayey soil was investigated in the laboratory and the sample was injected with each of the grout materials used, L, SF, L + SF, and L + SF + LH. A 20 cm3 of each slurry grout was conducted into the soil, which was compacted in California Bearing Ratio (CBR) mold and cured for 7 days, and then the sample was loaded to 80 N load by a circular steel footing 60 mm in diameter. The settlement was recorded. The sample of each slurry grout, which provided minimum settlement, was chosen (L + SF + LH). To reduce soft clay settlement before and after footing construction, four cases were investigated. The impact of injection hole spacing and grout depth was studied. It was discovered that injecting a slurry of (L + SF + LH) into the soft clay beneath or surrounding the footing increased bearing capacity by 5–88%. Due to the shape of shear failure of the soft clay around the footing, grouting near the footing at a distance of 0.5 diameter of the footing is more effective than grouting at a distance of 1.0 diameter of the footing, and grouting near the footing at a distance of 0.5 diameter of the footing is more effective than grouting at a distance of 1.0 diameter of the footing.