bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CALIBRATE THE ABSOLUTE LUMINANCE OF HDR PANORAMAS USING A REGULAR TETRAHEDRON ILLUMINANCE METER
Authors: Xia L. , Zhang T. , Liu X.
Published: January 2024

The HDR panoramic images have been taken as a new camera-aided lighting measurement technology. However, the conventional luminance calibration procedure is complicated using a spot luminance meter and standard gray cards. This paper aims to propose a solution to calibrate the luminance of the HDR panoramas based on the physical measurement of scalar illuminance using a regular tetrahedron illuminance meter. The simulations on how the illuminance measurements using a regular tetrahedron shape can approach the scalar illuminance are made based on 2438 panoramas from the Laval HDR databases. Physical tests on the proposed luminance calibration solution are performed in two real scenes with one under artificial light and the other under daylight. The results indicate that the use of a regular tetrahedron illuminance meter can serve as a useful tool for the luminance calibration of HDR panoramic maps.
EVALUATION STRUCTURE ON PREFERENCE OF PAINTING’S APPEARANCE IN MUSEUM LIGHTING
Authors: Oe Y. , Maeda A. , Takashima M. , Mizokami Y. , Yoshizawa N. , Nagakoshi H.
Published: January 2024

This study seeks to clarify an evaluation structure in relation to preference concerning the appearance of the painting with a view to creating new lighting standards in museums that consider the luminance ratio. We analysed the experimental results together with the results of previous studies and found that 'appropriateness of brightness for the painting' and 'appropriateness of brightness contrast between the painting and the background surfaces' tended to have a stronger correlation with preference than 'brightness of the painting surface' item; therefore, we examined an evaluation structure using the above assessment items as variables. Consequently, we were able to construct a model that could be applied to all paintings under consideration - which starts with 'appropriateness of brightness for the painting' and ends with 'preference for the appearance of the painting'.
A Study of the Effect of Additional Magnesium (Mg) on Erosion-Corrosion Resistance and Bending Strength in Aluminum A383 Alloy
Authors: Amiruddin Arya Ahmad , Arma Lukmanul Hakim , Arsyad Hairul
Published: January 2024

In this study, evaluating the erosion-corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, especially the bending strength of aluminum alloy A383 with the addition of 4%, 6%, and 9% magnesium was investigated with variations in velocity (45l/h, 60l/h, and 75l/h). and angle variations (30º, 40º, and 50º) using 12% sodium hypochlorite solution. The test equipment used is an injection diaphragm pump in the recirculation system for 4 hours per sample. The results showed that the erosion-corrosion resistance of A383 alloy is proportional with the increase of magnesium addition to the alloy maximum weight loss occurs at an impact angle of 30° with a velocity of 75 l/h. The degradation decreased slightly with increasing the impact angle and decreasing velocity. Analysis of the erosion-corrosion mechanism shows that the corrosion process dominates material damage rather than erosion. The results of the bending test showed that the highest strength was A383 9% Mg which was 366.09 MPa, and the lowest bending strength was A383 material without magnesium addition which was 261.80 MPa. From these results, it can be concluded that the addition of magnesium (Mg) to aluminum alloy A383 contributes to increased corrosion resistance and increased bending strength.
Increased hardness value due to the diffusion of low-temperature carburizing process
Authors: . Nitha , Sutresman Onny S , Aminy Ahmad Yusran , Arma Lukmanul Hakim
Published: January 2024

This research to determine the effect of the tensile load on the carburizing process and the heating temperature lower than the normal carburizing temperature on the hardness of carbon steel with a percentage of 80% buffalo bone charcoal and 20% BaCO3, 20 mesh grain size, 4 hours holding time, and slow cooling with a tensile load of 1/4σp 1/2σp 3/4σp, and σp (proportional stress). The heating temperatures below normal carburizing temperatures, namely 6000C, 6500C, 7000C, and 7500C while being pulled by 1/4σp, 1/2σp, 3/4σp, and σp. After reaching the heating temperature, the material is held in the furnace for 4 hours and cooled slowly. After the material is cold, mechanical testing is carried out with Vickers microhardness. Hardness value at a temperature of 6000C is 103.93 HRB, at a temperature of 6500C is 104.33 HRB, at a temperature of 7000C is 104.80 HRB, and at a temperature of 7500C is 106.60 HRB, while the process of pack carburizing without tensile at a heating temperature of 8000C is 105.2 HRB. This proves that the application of loads at lower heating temperatures during the heating process can exceed the hardness value without tensile loads at higher temperatures of 8000 C.
The Effect of Hot Pressing on the Mechanical Properties of Metal Composites (AI/Sic) Result from Metallurgical Processes with Heating Temperature Variations in Bushing Making
Authors: . Mangambari , Arma Lukmanul Hakim , Syahid Muhammad
Published: January 2024

The manufacture of Al/SiC alloy matrix composites has been widely carried out by researchers through powder metallurgy techniques. Bushings are slit cylindrical type bearings that serve to support the shaft. Bushings can be made by powder metallurgy, to get the perfect compaction process, compaction can be done by high temperature or Hot Pressing. A hot press will make the powder softer/plastic, making it easier during the perfect compaction process. For this reason, heating must be controlled in order to obtain a homogeneous product. Al/SiC metal matrix composites are alloyed materials of different types of materials, as matrices in this case are aluminum and as reinforcement are SiC particles (ceramics) made by powder metallurgy techniques. In this study, the Al/SiC composite composed of 70% Al - 30% SiC and Hot Pressing temperature variations of 100, 150 and 200°C with a pressure of 5000 kg and a holding time of 10 minutes. In the sintering process, the temperature used is 450, 500 and 550°C with a holding time of 2 hours. The results of this study show, in hardness testing it is known that the value of bushing hardness increases as the temperature of Hot Pressing increases.
Impact of Pulau Balang Bridge Operations on Kariangau – Penajam Ferry Service
Authors: Agusty Cindy Lionita , Sitepu Ganding , Idrus Misliah
Published: January 2024

Pulau Balang Bridge is access to the Indonesia’s Capital City of IKN and connects Balikpapan to Penajam. So far, there are several alternative transportations, from the Balikpapan area to Penajam and vice versa, one of which is using a ferry, which takes 1.5 hours and added time to the queue. Another alternative is to use a speed boat, the travel time is about 15 minutes. Speed boats are only for passenger purposes and substandard safety. Currently, the number of passengers is quite significant for the Balikpapan - Penajam Ferry Service, after the Pulau Balang Bridge operation, must significantly impact the shipping industry in the Balikpapan - Penajam area. Several alternatives for transportation to connect Balikpapan - Penajam Paser Utara, which has a high annual demand for many ships. This study aims to predict the demand for the Kariangau - Penajam Ferry Service after operating the Pulau Balang bridge and determine the optimization of ships on demand for the Kariangau - Penajam Paser Utara Ferry service after the Pulau Balang bridge operates. The method used in this study is forecasting with linear regression and descriptive or survey research. Assuming there is no Pulau Balang bridge, demand for the Kariangau – Penajam ferry service for passengers grows 2% per year, two-wheeled vehicles grow 4% per year, and four-wheeled vehicles grow 1% per year. Projections of passenger demand in 2026 and 2031 are likely to be optimistic that the demand will decrease to 77% and possibly 20% pessimistic. From the distance and time of ferry service users, 7 routes (49%) of ferry service users still use the ferry line, and 5 routes (51%) of ferry service users switch to the bridge if it is already in operation. Meanwhile, from the results of direct interviews, the demand for the Kariangau - Penajam Ferry service was 23%. They would switch, 33% of respondents would take turns using ships and bridges, 20% would still use ferries, and 24% had yet needed to choose. Currently, 19 ships are operating at the Kariangau - Penajam Ferry service. For an optimistic possibility in 2026 and 2031 the demand for ships if the Pulau Balang bridge operates is 16 ships. However, for a pessimistic possibility, the ships needed to operate are only 4 ships per day.
Optimasi Penggunaan Dosis Koagulan Alum dan Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) dalam Pengelolaan Limbah Cair Batubara
Authors: Nur Ramadhan Aditya Anugrah , Ramli Muhammad , Hatta Asta Arjunoarwan
Published: January 2024

Setiap pertambangan batubara diharuskan mengolah terlebih dahulu air limbah yang dihasilkan sebelum dibuang ke lingkungan. Proses pengelolaan limbah cair batubara yang umum digunakan untuk memenuhi baku mutu tersebut adalah pengendapan padatan tersuspensi dengan penambahan koagulan. Penggunaan dosis koagulan yang tidak tepat dapat mempengaruhi keefektifan koagulan dalam membuat parameter pada air sesuai dengan baku mutu yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan dosis yang tepat dari beberapa koagulan dalam pengelolaan limbah cair batubara. Pada studi ini, dilakukan jar test untuk mengetahui nilai TSS dan pH akhir pada sampel yang telah diberi perlakuan berupa penambahan variasi dosis koagulan alum dan PAC, yaitu 50, 100 dan 150 ppm. Dosis optimum diperoleh dengan menggunakan analisis interpolasi kuadratik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa dosis optimum Dosis optimal pada Alum adalah 25 ppm sedangkan pada PAC adalah 23 ppm. Dosis koagulan dan nilai TSS memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dimana penambahan jumlah dosis akan menurunkan nilai TSS dengan rata-rata presentasi penurunan TSS sebesar 94,55% pada Alum dan 98,88% pada PAC. Dosis koagulan dan nilai pH memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dimana penambahan jumlah dosis akan menurunkan nilai pH dengan presentasi penurunan pH sebesar 9,74% pada Alum dan 16,41% pada PAC
Indeks Kerentanan Wilayah Pesisir Kecamatan Galesong Kabupaten Takalar
Authors: Rachman Taufiqur , Arifki Muhammad Alif Alim
Published: January 2024

Permasalahan di wilayah pesisir sangat sensitif dan rentan terhadap fenomena alam karena merupakan suatu wilayah yang rentan terhadap faktor lingkungan antara lain laju perubahan garis pantai, kemiringan pantai, gelombang, pasang surut dan kenaikan muka air laut. Analisis penentuan kerentanan wilayah pesisir dapat dilakukan dengan penilaian terhadap kondisi fisik daerah pesisir. Penilaian tingkat kerentanan pesisir pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode CVI (Coastal Vulnerability Index). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kerentanan pesisir Kecamatan Galesong dan menentukan solusi atas tingkat kerentanan pesisir Kecamatan Galesong. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan studi dokumenter, yaitu menyaring dan menganalisis data sekunder dari berbagai aplikasi, web dan jurnal yang relevan dengan penelitian ini serta dilakukan survei lapangan secara langsung untuk mengetahui kondisi eksisting terkait fenomena yang ada. Tingkat kerentanan pesisir Kecamatan Galesong menggunakan metode CVI berada di satu kategori yaitu kerentanan tinggi. Terdapat lima desa yang ada di kawasan pesisir Kecamatan Galesong yaitu Desa Palalakkang, Desa Galesong Baru, Desa Galesong Kota, Desa Boddia dan Desa Mappakalompo.  Solusi yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah kerentanan kawasan pesisir Kecamatan Galesong yaitu dengan melakukan penataan pemukiman/fasilitas umum, memodifikasi bangunan pelindung pantai yang telah ada dan membangun struktur pelindung pantai. Struktur pelindung yang disarankan untuk dibangun adalah revetment dan detached breakwater.
Production of Brake Pad from Epoxy Resin: From Polymerization Concept to the Experiment with Analysis of Mechanical Properties
Authors: Nandiyanto Asep Bayu Dani , Fiandini Meli , Al Husaeni Dwi Novia , Ragadhita Risti , Hofifah Siti Nur
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variations in the use of catalysts on the performance of brake pads. The performance testing is compressive strength and puncture strength. The resin is formed from a mixture of Bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin and cycloaliphatic amine. Based on the results of the study, it was found that brake pads with samples B and C had better performance. The hardness values of samples A, B, and C are 307.4; 331.1; and 334.3 N, respectively. The ratio of resin and catalyst mixture affects the performance of the brake pad. The more catalysts added, the faster the hardening process. It is hoped that this research can be the basis for developing brake pads.
Optimasi Kualitas Pembubutan Aluminium 6061 Akibat Perubahan Sudut Potong Pahat HSS
Authors: Aminy Ahmad Yusran , Aji Angga Asteriasti
Published: January 2024

Sejalan dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, suatu hasil produksi harus di imbangi dengan peningkatan kualitas hasil produksi, khususnya pada proses permesinan. Aluminium 6061 adalah paduan aluminium yang mengandung magnesium, silikon dan banyak digunakan pada komponen pesawat dan otomotif dimana dibutuhkan tingkat kekasaran yang rendah. Kekasaran sangat bergantung dari jenis pahat dan geometri pahat. Pada penelitian ini digunakan pahat HSS (High Speed Steel) dengan  variasi pemotongan yaitu: variasi sudut potong (Kr) dipilih 65o, 75o, 85o dan 90o, putaran spindel (n) 200 rpm, 400 rpm, 600 rpm, pemakanan (f) 0.15 mm/put; 0,17 mm/put; 0.3 mm/put dan kedalaman pemakanan (a) 1 mm. Setelah dilakukan pembubutan setiap satu set variabel permesinan dilakukan pengukuran kekasaran dengan menggunakan mesin Laser 3D Measuring Laser Microscope OLS4100. Data pengukuran yang diperoleh digrafikkan dengan hubungan varibel permesinan dengan kekasaran  dan untuk memperoleh kondisi optimal dilakukan analisis dengan menggunakan Metode Taguchi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas pembubutan Aluminium 6061 terhadap perubahan sudut potong pahat. Dari hasil analisis didapatkan Sudut potong (Kr) yang paling optimal adalah 65° dengan nilai kekasaran 0,341 µm.

Kata Kunci : Proses Permesinan, Bubut, Aluminium 6061, Pahat HSS, Geometri Pahat.
PENINGKATAN KEPERCAYAAN DIRI (SELF-EFFICACY) DAN MOTIVASI SISWA MELALUI MODEL DISKUSI DI SMP N 1 MLATI
Authors: Hayu Wiworo
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kepercayaan diri (self-efficacy) dan motivasi siswa melalui penerapan pembelajaran bermakna menggunakan model diskusi.

Penelitian dilakukan di SMP N 1 Mlati. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIIB. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan pengkajian berdaur (siklus) model Spiral Kemmis dan Taggart yaitu perencanaan (planning), tindakan (acting) dan pengamatan (observing), serta refleksi (reflecting). Teknik pengumpulan data peningkatan kepercayaan diri (self-efficacy) diukur dengan angket, peningkatan motivasi siswa diukur dengan angket dan lembar observasi digunakan untuk keterlaksanaan proses meningkatkan kepercayaan diri (self-efficacy) dan motivasi siswa. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cara meningkatkan kepercayaan diri (self-efficacy) dan motivasi siswa, yaitu (1) establishing set: membahas maksud diskusi dan membagi siswa dalam 6 kelompok; (2) memfokuskan diskusi: menegaskan diskusi dengan kelompoknya, pertanyaan awal tentang masalah di sekitar, masalah yang disajikan berkaitan dengan kehidupan sehari-hari, pemfokusan diskusi yang baik; (3) mengendalikan diskusi: memfasilitasi diskusi dengan pertanyaan, membimbing diskusi setiap kelompok, merespon ide, tegas awal hingga akhir, mencatat hasil diskusi di papan tulis dengan jelas; (4) mengakhiri diskusi: meriview, merangkum dan menyimpulkan diskusi bersama siswa dan menulis di papan tulis, dan (5) debriefing: menanyakan pendapat siswa tentang jalanya diskusi, kesempatan berpartisipasi, menghargai ide orang lain dan kesulitan diskusi. Siswa sudah mencapai indikator keberhasilan kepercayaan diri (self-efficacy) dengan semua siswa (100%) memiliki kepercayaan diri tinggi. Siswa sudah mencapai indikator keberhasilan motivasi dengan semua siswa (100%) memiliki motivasi tinggi.
La memoria como antecedente para recuperar la identidad MISAK
Authors: Ortega-García Carlos Andrés , García-Novoa Viviana
Published: January 2024

El artículo abre el diálogo acerca de las dinámicas de resistencia cultural aplicadas en la escuela San Pedro Peña del Corazón, vereda San Pedro, resguardo de Guambía, Departamento del Cauca. Los MISAK pertenecen a una población indígena colombiana, que, a pesar de la protección constitucional de su identidad, en su cotidianidad enfrentan la transformación de su cultura, proceso evidenciado a través de un ejercicio de observación participante llevado a cabo en el año 2015. El reconocimiento de sus antecedentes ancestrales se ha convertido en un reto para la comunidad, y la escuela se propone como una alternativa que unifica la tradición con la formación académica; de esta manera se ofrece a las nuevas generaciones la oportunidad de educarse desde su historia, y de construir desde esta, dinámicas de conservación de su cultura, factor requerido para articular este conocimiento con lo que implica la interculturalidad en el siglo XXI para las poblaciones indígenas colombianas.
Experiencias de VIHda: intervención con y desde personas seropositivas en Yucatán, México
Authors: Puc-Vázquez Eduardo David
Published: January 2024

La condición de seropositividad implica un nuevo comienzo para las personas debido a que se presenta una escisión de su persona y requieren una reconstrucción de su vida. A nivel social, la deconstrucción vital puede estar caracterizada por la ausencia de poder y presencia de estigma social, lo que puede impactar en la afectividad y la participación comunitaria de las personas que viven con VIH (PVV). Este trabajo de sistematización tiene como objetivo reconstruir el proceso de una intervención llevada a cabo desde la Investigación Acción Participativa (IAP), para lo cual se retomó la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales, con el fin de aproximarse a los componentes socioafectivos de un grupo de PVV y su relación con el estigma y la participación comunitaria. Se encontró que la afectividad representa un aspecto importante, siendo el diagnóstico un aspecto central en la modificación de sus significados y prácticas vitales, con tendencia hacia el aislamiento y baja participación social. Mediante la intervención, las personas participantes se fueron asumiendo como agentes de cambio, derivando un rompimiento con el estigma del VIH/SIDA, tanto intragrupal como con la comunidad. Se puede concluir que, construir procesos participativos desde la afectividad puede conducir al re-conocimiento y la potenciación de sus fortalezas.
Mecanismos de acción para el fomento de los derechos fundamentales de los ‘habitantes de la calle’ en Montería-Córdoba
Authors: Escobar-Melguizo Miguel Rafael
Published: January 2024

El fenómeno multicausal habitantes de la calle se materializa en una realidad social que abarca, tras su inusual modo de vivir, complejas problemáticas y se incrementa cada día en la dinámica de las ciudades del mundo. En este contexto, dentro del marco legal colombiano, se persigue fijar lineamientos que garanticen mejores condiciones de vida para esta población a través de la Ley 1641/2013, y de políticas públicas que se destacan en cada Departamento, sin embargo, su comparación con la realidad vivida da cuenta de que su aplicabilidad es deficiente y existen importantes brechas que cubrir. Este estudio interpretativo, bajo enfoque cualitativo, y método hermenéutico, tuvo el objetivo de generar mecanismos de acción para el fomento de los derechos fundamentales de los habitantes de la calle en Montería, Córdoba. La propuesta surge de la recolección de datos desde fuentes primarias en el análisis de contenidos de los documentos legales para definir este fenómeno social y la interpretación del diálogo con informantes clave que los confrontan con la realidad social respectiva. Efectivamente, el resultado permitió desarrollar un proceso de construcción donde se formularon mecanismos de acción según las categorías resultantes en unidades hermenéuticas como orientaciones generadas en búsqueda de soluciones óptimas que permitan brindar el apoyo sociojurídico y económico para las personas habitantes de la calle. Como conclusión, se plantea el resultado como un aporte a los entes gubernamentales para ser tomado en cuenta en la elaboración de futuras políticas públicas sobre habitantes de la calle.
Conflict between morality and law in criminal proceedings: theoretical aspects and practical examples
Authors:   National Aerospace University – ‘Kharkiv Aviation Institute’ NAU ‘KhAI’, Ukraine, Barbash Daria
Published: January 2024

"Criminal law, like other branches of law, is subject to the same moral principles, however, it is in criminal cases that a judge often resorts to ethical categories, since the type of punishment imposed may affect not only the restriction of the accused’s fundamental rights and freedoms, but also the future security of society. The purpose of the Article is to analyse the phenomena of morality and law as related categories in the administration of justice in criminal cases, and the importance of maintaining a balance between them when assessing evidence and imposing punishment in order to render a fair and impartial court decision. Given the peculiarities of the goal, the author has chosen a systematic approach based on general scientific and special scientific research methods, including systemic and structural, formal legal, comparative legal and other methods. Based on the legal analysis of current Ukrainian case law, the author identifies the real ethical challenges, which a judge faces when considering criminal cases and how to overcome them, resulting in a moral and fair decision supported by the law. The author also focusses on the insufficient coverage of numerous moral challenges in criminal cases among Ukrainian judges and provides suggestions on possible measures to improve educational activities in this area. Keywords: criminal law, moral challenges, court, justice."
The state’s right to use e-mail communication with teenagers in Latvia
Authors:   Rīga Stradiņš University, Latvia, Upeniece Vita
Published: January 2024

"In the spring of this year, a series of draft laws were adopted in Latvia with the purpose of introduction of the national defence service (compulsory service) in the country. Among the draft laws were also amendments to the Law on the Official Electronic Addresses, which stipulated the obligation for young people who have reached the age of 15 to create an official electronic address. This amendment caused sharp discussions in the Defence, Internal Affairs and Corruption Prevention Committee (hereinafter referred to as the responsible committee) of the Saeima and was rejected by the committee. The purpose of the article is to assess whether the above amendments that provide the use of information technology for the state’s direct (without parental involvement) communication with a 15-year-old person in order to explain to him/her his/her rights and duties violate the rights of the child. The historical, analytical, systemic and teleological method has been used in the preparation of article. Keywords: a child, teenager, official electronic address."
Alterações bucais em crianças e adolescentes obesos
Authors: Lima Ianka Queiroz , Oliveira Brunna Almeida de , Barbosa Camila Lopes Santos , Mourão Antônia  Eliade Ferreira , Meira Gabriela de Figueiredo , Peres Silvia Helena de Carvalho Sales
Published: January 2024

Objetivo: Identificar na literatura as alterações bucais presentes em crianças e adolescentes obesos. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, utilizando artigos publicados nas bases de dados Pubmed, Lilacs e Scielo entre os anos de 2018 a 2023. Foram incluídos artigos apresentados na íntegra, disponíveis em Inglês, Português e Espanhol nas bases de dados selecionadas, com estudos realizados em humanos e cujo a amostra incluísse a faixa etária dos 10 aos 19 anos. Critérios de exclusão foram estudos realizados em animais e laboratoriais, que não apresentem a obesidade, a cárie dentária e/ou doença periodontal e/ou desenvolvimento dentário e/ou que utilizem métodos diferentes dos mencionados nos critérios de inclusão. Resultados: Destaca-se a associação entre obesidade e desenvolvimento dentário precoce, ligando-a ao aumento dos níveis de IGF-1, crianças e adolescentes obesos apresentaram presença de lesões cariosas e doença periodontal. Considerações finais: A cárie dentária ainda é a doença bucal mais prevalente em crianças e adolescentes, bem como, foi identificado aumento dos casos em crianças obesas, o que pode comprometer não só a saúde bucal, como trazer outras comorbidades para essa população. Assim, medidas preventivas que envolvam ambas as condições devem ser estimuladas para que crianças e adolescentes possam ter melhor qualidade de vida.
Corneal dystrophy: literature review, own clinical observations
Authors:   Ufa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Russia, Titoyan K.H. , Kchikmatullin R.I. ,   Ufa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Russia, Usubov E.L. ,   Ufa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Russia, Valishin I.D. ,   Ufa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Russia
Published: January 2024

Corneal dystrophy (CD) is a heterogeneous group of bilateral genetically determined non-inflammatory disease of the cornea. Clinically, depending on the anatomical localization of the anomaly, epithelial and subepithelial, epithelial-stromal, stromal, endothelial dystrophy are distinguished. In majority of cases, patients with CD have no systemic pathology and the disease is manifested by corneal opacities of varying severity. CD are more likely to have an autosomal dominant, less often an autosomal recessive or X-linked dominant type of inheritance. Up to date the following mutations in genes have been identified that cause the appearance of various phenotypic variants of the disease: CHST6, KRT3, KRT12, PIP5K3, SLC4A11, TACSTD2, TGFBI and UBIAD1. In some cases, only chromosomal loci responsible for the development of the disease have been identified, but no genes have been found. Despite significant advances in the study of molecular and genetic aspects of hereditary corneal pathologies, the diagnosis is usually made on the basis of the clinical picture. The presence of spontaneously appeared corneal opacities of both eyes, especially in the presence of a positive family history, already makes it possible to suspect the debut of CD. The treatment of CD varies depending on the localization, the intensity of opacities and the degree of visual acuity reduction correlating with them. With high visual acuity, asymptomatic course, observation is recommended. With pronounced opacities, phototherapeutic keratectomy, various modifications of keratoplasty are used. Key words:: cornea, dystrophy, heredity, diagnosis, treatment
INFLUENCE OF TRIHYDROPERFLUORAL ALCOHOLS ON CHANGES IN THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FLUOROPLASTIC CONTAINING PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITIONS
Authors: Жуков Е.Е. , Ильясов С.Г. , Ильясов Д.С.
Published: January 2024

Актуальной задачей на сегодняшний день является расширение компонентой базы при создании новых или модернизации известных рецептур высокоэнергетических составов. Известно, что одним из перспективных многофункциональных типов соединений при создании высокоэнергетических составов является фторкаучук. Однако из-за своей особенности растворения и пластификации в ограниченном числе соединений его применимость в качестве компонента таких составов ограничена. В статье описывается использование a,a,ω–тригидоперфторспиртов в качестве пластификатора фторкаучуков. Показано, что при введении данных соединений происходит изменение свойств изначального полимера, так ИК-спектороскония образцов показала образование новых пиков не характерных исходному веществу, а результаты TGA и DSC демонстрируют смещение пиков плавления и разложения. Кроме того, в работе представлены результаты исследования влияния тригидроперфторспиртов на изменение характеристик фторопластосодержащих пиротехнических составов. Полученные данные проведенных теоретических расчетов в программном комплексе REAL показали увеличение энергетических характеристик пиротехнических составов с введением тригидроперфторспиртов различных марок. Наличие тригидроперфторспиртов в рецептуре фторопластосодержащих пиротехнических составов приводит к увеличению скорости их горения. Отмечается, что скорость горения увеличивается с увеличением тетрафторэтиленовых групп в соединении.

An urgent task today is to expand the component base when creating new or modernizing known formulations of high-energy compositions. It is known that one of the promising multifunctional types of compounds when creating high-energy compounds is fluorine rubber. However, due to its ability to dissolve and plasticize in a limited number of compounds, its applicability as a component of such compositions is limited. The article describes the use of a,a,ω –trihydroperfluoroalcohols as a plasticizer for fluororubbers. It has been shown that when these compounds are introduced, the properties of the original polymer change, so IR spectroscopy of the samples showed the formation of new peaks not characteristic of the original substance, and the TGA and DSC results demonstrate a shift in the melting and decomposition peaks. In addition, the paper presents the results of a study of the influence of trihydroperfluoroalcohols on changes in the characteristics of fluoroplastic-containing pyrotechnic compositions. The obtained data from theoretical calculations carried out in the REAL software package showed an increase in the energy characteristics of pyrotechnic compositions with the introduction of trihydroperfluoroalcohols of various grades. The presence of trihydroperfluoroalcohols in the formulation of fluoroplastic-containing pyrotechnic compositions leads to an increase in their combustion rate. It is noted that the burning rate increases with increasing tetrafluoroethylene groups in the compound.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL DEVICE FOR DISPERSING POWDERS IN AN AQUEOUS MEDIUM FROM AN INITIALLY COMPACTED STATE
Authors: Муравлев Е.В. , Титова Н.В. , Конюхов И.Е. , Антонникова А.А.
Published: January 2024

Во многих практических приложениях необходимо порционно вводить мелкодисперсные порошки импульсными методами распыления в водную среду, например, в водородной энергетике для получения электричества. При этом контролируется полнота реагирования мелкодисперсного порошка с водной средой. Целью работы является исследование процессов импульсного диспергирования компактированных порошков в водной среде для получения равномерного распределения порошка в гидрозоле. Порошки, предварительно компактированные на прессовом оборудовании, импульсным ударным методом распылялись до начальной дисперсности или близкой к ней. Экспериментальные исследования дисперсности гидрозолей проводились с помощью оптического анализатора частиц.

In many practical applications, it is necessary to introduce fine powders in portions by pulsed spraying methods into an aqueous medium, for example, in hydrogen energy to generate electricity. At the same time, the completeness of the reaction of the fine powder with an aqueous medium is controlled. The aim of the work is to study the processes of pulsed dispersion of compacted powders in an aqueous medium to obtain a uniform distribution of powder in a hydrosole. Powders pre-compacted on pressing equipment were pulsed by the impact method to an initial dispersion or close to it. Experimental studies of the dispersion of hydrosols were carried out using an optical particle analyzer.
METHOD FOR OBTAINING 2-NITRO-1,3-BIS(4,4'-DIHYDROXYMETHYL)-1,2,3-TRIAZOLYL-2-AZAPROPANE FROM 1,3-DICHLORO-2-NITRO-2-AZAPROPANE
Authors: Шестакова Е.О. , Ильясов С.Г.
Published: January 2024

В статье предложен способ получения 2-нитро-1,3-бис(4,4'-дигидроксиметил)-1,2,3-триазолил-2-азапропана (2-НДГМТАП) из прекурсора 1,3-диазидо-2-нитро-2-азапропана (DANP) – 1,3-дихлор-2-нитро-2-азапропана. Исследованный метод позволяет проводить реакцию азид-алкинового циклоприсоединения DANP к пропаргиловому спирту без выделения высокочувствительного азидоалкилнитрамина в чистом виде, а использовать образующийся после реакции азидирования 5÷6 %-ный раствор DANP в хлористом метилене, что обеспечивает безопасность метода и выход целевого продукта 70 %. Перекристаллизацией 2-НДГМТАП из смеси растворителей ацетон/вода (10:0,5) увеличена чистота продукта с 98,5 % до 99,9 %. Структура 2-НДГМТАП подтверждена рентгеноструктурным анализом.

The article proposes a method for the preparation of 2-nitro-1,3-bis(4,4'-dihydroxymethyl)-1,2,3-triazolyl-2-azapropane (2-NDHMTAP) from the 1,3-diazido-2-nitro-2-azapropane (DANP) precursor 1,3-dichloro-2-nitro-2-azapropane. The studied method makes it possible to carry out the azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction of DANP to propargyl alcohol without isolating the highly sensitive azidoalkylnitramine in pure form, and to use a 5÷6 % solution of DANP in methylene chloride formed after the azidation reaction, which ensures the safety of the method and the yield of the target product is 70 %. Recrystallization of 2-NDHMTAP from a mixture of acetone/water solvents (10:0.5) increased the purity of the product from 98.5 % to 99.9 %. The structure of 2-NDHMTAP was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis.
Students' Engagement in the Implementation of Flipped Classroom for English Lessons
Authors: Sunway Angelia Widia , Arapah Elvina , Muth'im Abdul
Published: January 2024

This study aims to describe the students’ engagement in the implementation of the flipped classroom method in the English lessons during the post Covid-19 pandemic. This research used a descriptive qualitative design, and the techniques of collecting data were observation and interview. The data were obtained from 23 students as research subjects. Findings of this research show that the students have positive engagement with the implementation of the flipped classroom method in the post-Covid-19 pandemic. Positive student engagement can be seen based on students' attitudes, which show indicators in the three dimensions of student engagement: behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement in a positive sense. This has been proven by the student response data which show that the students were enthusiastic about the learning activities conducted in the flipped classroom because they already had the knowledge they gained before the meeting. Students feel more prepared to participate in the discussion process in class, enthusiastically participate in the learning activities, and can study independently.
Perception and Problem of English Pre-service Teachers in Applying Merdeka Belajar Curriculum During Teaching Practice
Authors: Achadiyah Rachmawati , Azmi Muhammad Ulul
Published: January 2024

Curriculum is updated according to the era's demands which aims at actualizing qualified human resources. The great concept of the curriculum will be superfluous without the teachers’ role. The objective of this research is to examine English preservice teachers’ perceptions and problems they encounter in understanding and implementing the new curriculum during their teaching practice. Ten English preservice teachers who completed their teaching practice took part in this research. They were assigned to schools that implement the Merdeka Belajar curriculum. Since the data was gathered and analyzed in two ways, this research is a mixed-method study. The findings of the study revealed that English preservice teachers have a negative perception of understanding and implementing the Merdeka Belajar curriculum in their teaching practice, incapability in designing flow of learning objectives and teaching modules, incapability to conduct differential learning, lack of knowledge on how to integrate Profil Pelajar Pancasila into teaching-learning process contributes to the negative perception of English Pre-Service Teacher. Additionally, the problem was made worse because the university did not properly prepare English pre-service teachers for the latest curriculum.
Can Small Molecules Provide Clues on Disease Progression in Cerebrospinal Fluid from Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease Patients?
Authors: Talavera Andújar Begoña , Mary Arnaud , Venegas Carmen , Cheng Tiejun , Zaslavsky Leonid , Bolton Evan , Heneka Michael , Schymanski Emma
Published: January 2024

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a complex and multifactorial neurodegenerative disease, which is currently diagnosed via clinical symptoms and non-specific biomarkers (such as Aβ1-42, t-Tau, and p-Tau) measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which alone do not provide sufficient insights into disease progression. In this pilot study, these biomarkers were complemented with small molecule analysis using non-target high resolution mass spectrometry (NT-HRMS) coupled to liquid chromatography (LC) on the CSF of three groups; AD, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) due to AD, and a non-demented control group (ND). An open source cheminformatics pipeline based on MS-DIAL and patRoon was enhanced using CSF- and AD-specific suspect lists to assist in data interpretation. ChemRICH analysis revealed a significant increase of hydroxybutyrates in AD, including 3-hydroxy butanoic acid (BHBA), which was found at higher levels in AD compared to MCI and ND. Furthermore, a highly sensitive target LC-MS method was used to quantify 35 bile acids (BAs) in the CSF, revealing several statistically significant differences including higher dehydrolithocholic acid levels and decreased conjugated BAs levels in AD. This work provides several promising small molecule hypotheses that could be used to help track the progression of AD in CSF samples.
Accelerated Hit Identification with Target Evaluation, Deep Learning and Automated Labs: Prospective Validation in IRAK1
Authors: Kamuntavičius Gintautas , Prat Alvaro , Paquet Tanya , Bastas Orestis , Abdel Aty Hisham , Sun Qing , Andersen Carsten B. , Harman John , Siladi Marc , Rines Dan , Flatters Sarah J. L. , Tal Roy , Norvaisas Povilas
Published: January 2024

Background: Target identification and hit identification can be transformed through the application of biomedical knowledge analysis, AI-driven virtual screening and robotic cloud lab systems. However there are few prospective studies that evaluate the efficacy of such integrated approaches. Results: We synergistically integrate our in-house-developed target evaluation (SpectraView) and deep-learning-driven virtual screening (HydraScreen) tools with an automated robotic cloud lab designed explicitly for ultra-high-throughput screening, enabling us to validate these platforms experimentally. By employing our target evaluation tool to select IRAK1 as the focal point of our investigation, we prospectively validate our structure-based deep learning model. We can identify 23.8% of all IRAK1 hits within the top 1% of ranked compounds. The model outperforms traditional virtual screening techniques and offers advanced features such as ligand pose confidence scoring. Simultaneously, we identify three potent (nanomolar) scaffolds from our compound library, 2 of which represent novel candidates for IRAK1 and hold promise for future development. Conclusion: This study provides compelling evidence for SpectraView and HydraScreen to provide a significant acceleration in the processes of target identification and hit discovery. By leveraging Ro5's HydraScreen and Strateos' automated labs in hit identification for IRAK1, we show how AI-driven virtual screening with HydraScreen could offer high hit discovery rates and reduce experimental costs. Scientific contribution: We present an innovative platform that leverages Knowledge graph-based biomedical data analytics and AI-driven virtual screening integrated with robotic cloud labs. Through an unbiased, prospective evaluation we show the reliability and robustness of HydraScreen in virtual and high-throughput screening for hit identification in IRAK1. Our platforms and innovative tools can expedite the early stages of drug discovery.
Unveiling the Mechanistic Role of Chiral Palladacycles in Pd(II)-Catalyzed Enantioselective C(sp3)-H Functionalization
Authors: Yuan Chen-Hui , Wang Xiao-Xia , Huang Keyun , Jiao Lei
Published: January 2024

Palladium-catalyzed enantioselective C(sp3)-H functionalization reactions has attracted considerable attention due to its ability for the synthesis of enantiomerically enriched molecules and stimulation of novel retrosynthetic disconnections. Understanding the reaction mechanism, especially the stereochemical process of the reaction, is crucial for the rational design of more efficient catalytic systems. Previously, we developed a Pd(II)/sulfoxide-2-hydroxypridine (SOHP) catalytic system for asymmetric C(sp3)-H functionalization reactions. In this study, our focus is on unraveling the chemistry of chiral palladacycles involved in the Pd(II)-catalyzed enantioselective C(sp3)-H functionalization. We have isolated key palladacycle intermediates involved in the enantioselective β-C(sp3)-H arylation of carboxylic acids catalyzed by the Pd(II)/SOHP system. These palladacycles, exhibiting ligand-induced chirality, provided a significant opportunity to investigate the stereochemical process and the ligand effect in this asymmetric C-H functionalization. Our investigation revealed that the C(sp3)-H palladation step is irreversible, representing the enantioselectivity-determining step to form diastereomeric palladacycles. Ligand exchange experiments and DFT calculations provided insights into the chiral induction in palladacycle formation and the preservation of chirality in the functionalization step. This work highlights the value of chiral palladacycle chemistry in offering mechanistic insights into the Pd(II)-catalyzed asymmetric C(sp3)-H functionalization reactions.
Cyclic Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry and Tandem Collision Induced Unfolding for Quantification of Elusive Protein Biomarkers
Authors: Makey Devin , Gadkari Varun , Kennedy Robert , Ruotolo Brandon
Published: January 2024

Sensitive analytical techniques that are capable of detecting and quantifying disease-associated biomolecules are indispensable in our efforts to understand disease mechanisms and guide therapeutic intervention through the early detection, accurate diagnosis, and effective monitoring of disease. Parkinson’s Disease (PD), for example, is one of the most prominent neurodegenerative disorders in the world, but the diagnosis of PD has primarily been based on the observation of clinical symptoms. The protein α-synuclein (α-syn) has emerged as a promising biomarker candidate for PD, but a lack of analytical methods to measure complex disease-associated variants of α-syn has prevented its widespread use as a biomarker. Antibody-based methods such as immunoassays and mass spectrometry-based approaches have been used to measure a limited number of α-syn forms; however, these methods fail to differentiate variants of α-syn that only display subtle differences in sequence and structure. In this work, we have developed a cyclic ion mobility-MS method that combines multiple stages of activation and IM selection to quantify α-syn variants using both mass- and structure-based measurements. This method can allow for the quantification of several α-syn variants present at physiological levels in biological fluid. Taken together, this approach can be used to galvanize future efforts aimed at understanding the underlying mechanisms of PD and serves as a starting point for the development of future protein structure-based diagnostics and therapeutic interventions.
Strain-Based Design, Direct Macrocyclization, and Metal Complexation of Thiazole-Containing Calix[3]pyrrole Analogues
Authors: Watanabe Keita , Shibata Kotaro , Ichino Tomoya , Ide Yuki , Yoneda Tomoki , Maeda Satoshi , Inokuma Yasuhide
Published: January 2024

Coordination chemistry of ring-contracted porphyrins, such as subporphyrin and calix[3]pyrrole, has been largely unexplored due to the synthetic difficulty of their free-base analogues. Here, we report strain-based molecular design and high yield synthesis of thiazole-containing calix[3]pyrrole analogues for metal complexation. The AFIR method and StrainViz analysis were used to perform a conformational search and evaluate/visualize ring strain, respectively. The results indicated that thiazole-containing analogues are less strained than the parent calix[3]pyrrole, while incorporation of imidazole or oxazole unexpectedly leads to an increase in total strain. In fact, calix[1]furan[2]thiazole was obtained in 60% yield by direct macrocyclization between α-bromoketone and bis(thioamide), whereas meso-N(sp2)-bridged analogue, which was calculated to be more strained by 5.1 kcal/mol, was obtained only in a 2% yield. Calix[1]furan[2]thiazole was converted to calix[1]pyrrole[2]thiazole for investigation of metal complexation. Through reaction with Et2Zn, calix[1]pyrrole[2]thiazole bound a Zn(II) ion in a tridentate fashion adopting a cone conformation, furnishing water/air stable organozinc complex that catalyzes polymerization of lactide. Whereas, Ag(I) and Pd(II) ions were chelated by partial cone conformation of calix[1]pyrrole[2]thiazole in a bidentate fashion. Strain-based molecular design has expanded the synthetic access to contracted porphyrinoids and opened up the opportunity of their rich coordination chemistry.
Synthesis, studies electrochemical of complexes hydrazones containing a ferrocene fragment : a short review.
Authors: Mariko Mohamed
Published: January 2024

Complexes hydrazones containing ferrocene fragments used in aqueous or non-aqueous solution have been widely studied in recent times. Good results of electrochemical properties were found. The present work consists of bringing these results together by doing a comparison study, but also by serving as a solid basis for the development of new chemo sensor ligands in the coming years.
The two Janus faces of CpRu-based deallylation catalysts and their application for in cellulo prodrug uncaging.
Authors: Baiyoumy Alain , Vinck Robin , Ward Thomas
Published: January 2024

In the past 16 years, metal-catalyzed deallylation has proven a useful tool for studying biological processes in cellulo and in the early development of innovative therapeutic catalytic strategies. This reaction is catalyzed by Ru-piano stool complexes and has been reported to be compatible with air, water, and thiol-containing compounds such as glutathione. However, little is known about the true influence of biological components on the outcome of this reaction. The results presented herein reveal that the co-solvent used in this reaction affects the complex’s stability and activity in air, while the presence of glutathione contributes to minimizing the formation of N-allylated by-products. In addition, we studied the effect of air on the Ru-catalyzed deallylation. Importantly, we found that, in the presence of air, the complex is deactivated and oxidizes glutathione into its disulfide.