bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrocele of canal of Nuck in adult females – A series of two cases
Authors: Malik D S , Dhakad B S , Choudhary Mahipal Singh , Aurora Nisha
Published: March 2022

Hydrocele of canal of Nuck in adult females is exceptionally rare.The canal of Nuck is the portion of processus vaginalis in the inguinal canal in women. This is homologous to the processus vaginalis of male anatomy .Although canal of Nuck normally disappears without a trace in the first year of life but if it remains patent, then it can lead to development of indirect inguinal hernia or hydrocele of canal of Nuck. Ultrasonography is the preferred investigation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) done to confirm the diagnosis preoperatively .The treatment remains the excision of hydrocele of canal of nuck. We are presenting two cases of hydrocele of canal of Nuck in adult female, one Bilateral and another unilateral which were treated by laparoscopic excision of hydrocele with mesh repair .
Vagus Activation by Cold Face Test Reduces Acute Psychosocial Stress Responses
Authors: Richer Robert , Zenkner Janis , Küderle Arne , Rohleder Nicolas , Eskofier Bjoern M.
Published: March 2022

Chronic stress is linked to dysregulations of the two major stress pathways – the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which could for example result from maladaptive responses to repeated acute stress. Improving recovery from acute stress could therefore help to prevent this dysregulation. One possibility of physiologically interfering with an acute stress reaction might be provided by applying a cold stimulus to the face (Cold Face Test, CFT) which activates the parasympathetic nervous system, leading to immediate heart rate decreases. Therefore, we investigated the use of the CFT protocol as an intervention to reduce acute stress responses. Twenty-eight healthy participants were exposed to acute psychosocial stress via the Montreal Imaging Stress Task (MIST) in a randomized between-subjects design while heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and salivary cortisol were assessed. While both groups were equally stressed during the procedure, participants with CFT intervention showed better recovery, indicated by significant (p < 0.05) differences in HR(V). We additionally found a significantly (p < 0.05) lower cortisol response to the MIST and less overall cortisol secretion in the CFT condition. Both findings indicate that the CFT can successfully inhibit both the SNS and the HPA axis. To the best of our knowledge, our experiment is the first to successfully use the CFT as a simple and easy-to-apply method to modify biological responses to acute stress.
A novel technique for endoscope progression in gastroscopy resection: “6”- turn of gastroscopy along the greater curvature wall for dissection of stromal tumor in the muscularis propria of the gastric fundus
Authors: Liu Lu , Guo Hai-Mei , Sun Ying , Cai Shuang , Miao Feng , Zheng Yan , Yu Yang , Zhao Zhi-Feng
Published: March 2022

Objective: The fundus of the stomach is a challenging region for endoscopic resection of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), especially in the anterior wall of the fornix at the side of the greater curvature. The aim of this study was to introduce using the “6”-turn of gastroscopy along the greater curvature wall (6TGS) technique in operation on the gastric fundus and provide evidence of its advantages.Methods: The clinical data of patients with stromal tumor in muscularis propria at the gastric fundus (STMF) at the Fourth Hospital of China Medical University between July 2016 and Dec 2020 were reviewed. The novel 6TGS technique was used in the procedure. The beneficial effects, suitability, applicable lesion site, influencing factors, and success rates of 6TGS were analyzed.Results: Ten cases in total were reviewed, and the 6TGS technique was successfully performed in 7 cases (70%). In all 7 patients, the gastroscope’s tip could access the location just below the gastric cardia, and all angles/sites of the fundus of the stomach could be operated on. The lesion was easily accessed, and the gastroscope was stable with good left-right movement ability and moderate forward and backward movement ability. Conclusion: 6TGS can improve the safety of gastroscopy resection of STMF and facilitate the excision of tumors in challenging sites in the gastric fundus. Patients need to be under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation in the supine position to perform the 6TGS technique after distending the stomach with less air.
Molecular Signature Of Subtypes Of Renal Cell Carcinomas And Immunotherapy Strategy
Authors: Guo JiaNing , Yu Xi , He Bin , Liu ShengLai , Jiang Ning
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Classified immunogenomic profiling based on therapeutic responses in RCC subtypes.Methods: Tumors from RCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort were analyzed, and genomic profiling was performed. We classified RCC on the basis of the immunogenomic profiling of 29 immune signatures.Results: We investigated the transcriptional changes of three RCC subtypes by RNA-seq. Gene ontology (GO) identify specific gene signatures differed significantly between KIRC, KIRP and KICH related to the distinct pathways. Site of origin within the nephron was one major determinant in the molecular and immune classification, reflecting differences between three subtypes. The Immunity High KIRC and KIRP subtype was enriched not only in immune signatures, but also including PD-L1 expression signaling, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway and Cell cycle signaling pathway. KICH was a distinct disease that shared little genomic characteristics with KIRC and KIRP.Conclusions: The identification of RCC subtypes based on immune signatures has potential clinical implications for RCC treatment. It is imaginable that patients with higher immunity subtype of KIRC and KIRP would be more likely to respond to anti-PD-1/ PD-L1 therapy than patients with KICH subtype. CCL21 and CCL25 might be a potential target for KICH therapy.
An experience of multi-dimensional symptom assessment for children treated in a tertiary paediatric oncology unit: a prospective survey-based study
Authors: Katz Naomi T , Sacks Bronwyn H , Vemuri Sidharth , Williams Molly , Bhatia Kanika , Hynson Jenny
Published: March 2022

Background: Children undergoing cancer-directed treatment experience distressing symptoms. Multi-dimensional patient-reported symptom assessment scales have been validated in children with cancer, but are not routinely used in clinical practice. Aim: To describe the symptom prevalence and burden for children receiving treatment in a paediatric oncology unit, as described by both children where possible, and their parents. Methods: Prospective survey-based study during which the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale was administered to children and parents. Participants were offered the opportunity to complete the survey on multiple occasions. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from electronic medical records. Results: Forty-one children were recruited, aged 8 months to 18 years and 54% were female. In total, 54 parent surveys and 29 child surveys were completed. The vast majority of surveys (81%) were completed in the inpatient setting, and more than half within 10 days of chemotherapy. Haematological malignancies predominated. There was a median of 4.8 months between diagnosis and recruitment. Eleven children died after the study closed; no patients died during the study period. Symptom prevalence did not always correlate with distress. Conclusions: Exploration of the impact of a symptom, and not just its presence, is vital for patient-centred care and can be achieved using multi-dimensional symptom scales. Both the child and caregiver’s voices should be obtained where possible. Further studies are needed to explore how these scales can be used to identify distress and guide supportive care delivery.
TreeSp2Vec: a method for developing tree species embeddings using deep neural networks
Authors: González-Rodríguez Miguel A. , Diéguez-Aranda Ulises
Published: March 2022

In recent years, Representation Learning (RL), a subdiscipline of artificial intelligence, has proved a useful resource in many research fields for effectively mapping abstract categories into numeric scales. In this study, we explored a novel application of RL to forest ecology, labeled TreeSp2Vec, for developing tree species numeric representations using deep neural networks and data from a National Forest Inventory. Our approach consisted of a supervised species classification of individual trees using as input a set phytocentric and geocentric variables derived from forest inventory data and environmental cartography. Among the tested neural network architectures, a multi-layer perceptron with two hidden layers of 1024 units and an embedding layer of 16 units provided the best apparent and test performances (Matthew’s Correlation Coefficient = 0.89). The developed latent representations (W), or embeddings, were evaluated intrinsically by estimating their correlations with supplementary species descriptors that were not included in the training dataset. The evaluation analysis revealed some significant associations that proved the generality of the embedding model. Some latent dimensions (e.g., W6 and W16) were useful for differentiating species general features, such as conifers vs broad-leaved species, while other dimensions (e.g., W2 and W5) were related to forest ecosystem characteristics such as competition intensity (relative spacing index) and biodiversity (Simpson index). We concluded that the developed embeddings provided accurate and generalizable numeric representations of the considered tree species, which can be used as a ground for further cutting-edge forest modelling approaches and open a new range of artificial intelligence applications in ecology.
Study of efficiency of berry extracts in the technology of semi-smoked sausages
Authors: Pasichnyi Vasyl , Bozhko Nataliia , Tischenko Vasyl , Marynin Andriy , Shubina Yevgenia , Svyatnenko Roman , Haschuk Oleksandra , Moroz Olena
Published: March 2022

The work is devoted to the study of the effectiveness of the use of berry extracts (Aronia melanocarpa Elliot and Ribes nigrum L.) in the technology of semi-smoked sausages. The aim of the study was to study the effectiveness of the use of berry extracts (Aronia melanocarpa Elliot and Ribes nigrum L.) in the technology of semi-smoked sausages. The raw minced semi-smoked sausages were supplemented with the above-mentioned extracts in concentrations of 0.2–0.5 % of the weight of raw materials in order to slow down the oxidative processes in the lipid fraction of the product. Studies of the antioxidant efficiency of berry extracts and the effect on microbiological stability were performed during the shelf life of the finished product.

It has been found, that the introduction of the chokeberry extract in a concentration of 0.2 to 0.5 % of the weight of minced meat significantly inhibits the hydrolytic oxidation of lipids in the finished product, resulting in reduced intensity of lipid peroxidation. It has been confirmed, that the stabilization of lipid peroxidation in semi-smoked sausages leads to inhibition of the formation of primary oxidation products. At the end of the shelf life of the PV (peroxide value) of the test samples was at least 0.017 mg/KOH (potassium hydroxide), which was 63.04 % less than in the control.

The study of the content of secondary oxidation products allowed to estimate the depth of oxidation processes, occurring in the samples of semi-smoked sausages when stored for 25 days at a temperature of 0–6 °C. It has been proved, that the amount of secondary oxidation products, reacting with thiobarbituric acid, was the lowest at the end of the shelf life of the finished product with a concentration of the chokeberry extract of 0.5 %. TBV (thiobarbituric value) of this sample was 0.197±0.001 mg MA/kg, which was 3.74 times lower than in the control.

The introduction of extracts can reduce microbiological contamination and achieve a bacteriostatic effect. The lowest total contamination was recorded in a sample with a concentration of the chokeberry extract of 0.5 %. The tendency to decrease MAFAnM (number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms) was noted in all experimental samples. And in direct proportion to the concentration of extracts. Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of the preparations showed that the extract of chokeberry in a concentration of 0.5 % more effectively inhibits oxidative processes than the extract of black currant
Mapping the literature of integrated marketing communications: A scientometric analysis using CiteSpace
Authors: Wu Lingling , Danko Yuriy , Chen Fuli , Yao Xuefeng , Zhang Fenghe
Published: March 2022

Integrated marketing communication (IMC) is an effective marketing practice in the age of social media. IMC builds customer relationships and enhances brand value by integrating information from multiple channels and strengthening user interaction. The purpose of this study is to present the development process, current hotspots, and future trends of IMC research. Moreover, it explores the characteristics and patterns of IMC research. First, this paper shows the annual literature volume, leading countries, journals, and authors in IMC research through bibliometrics. Then, five hot research topics are identified through keyword co-occurrence analysis, namely IMC theory and models, brand communication, media research, customer research, and marketing strategy. From 1991 to 2020, IMC research is divided into five phases, each of which is related to the enhancement of user interaction. Future IMC research will continue to be user-centered, and IMC research will continue with social media and branding, as well as research on other topics that can further enhance user interactions. This paper also finds that the characteristics of the concept of IMC itself lead to a constant renewal of its connotations, which is one of the reasons why scholars cannot reach a consensus on the concept of IMC.
AcknowledgmentsWe thank Associate Professor Zhenkun Cui of Henan Institute of Science and Technology for his valuable comments during the writing and revision of this paper. The following research projects supported this study: (1) Henan Provincial University Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project No.2022-ZDJH-0099; (2) Henan Provincial University Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project No.2022-ZZJH-158; (3) Henan Province Social Science Planning Project No. 2021BZZ004; and (4) Xinxiang Social Science Federation Research Project No. 2021-167.
Safety Profile of Sinopharm COVID-19 Vaccine and Breakthrough Infections in Pakistan
Authors: Rizwan Wajiha , Qureshi Ahmad Uzair , Rana Muhammad Nasir , Duggal Mubeen Nazar , Sohaib Muhammad , Sadiq Masood
Published: March 2022

Background: To determine the safety profile of Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine and identify breakthrough infections. Method: The study design was analytical cross sectional. An online questionnaire was filled by 1033 respondents between 16th and 22nd April 2021. Adults who had received both doses of Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine more than a week ago or only a single dose with serious side effect were included in the study. The frequency and severity of vaccination related side effects were assessed and breakthrough infection identified. Results: The mean age of participants was 36.7 ± 12.91(18 – 92) years. Ninety one percent of participants (n=946) were health care professionals. One fifth (n=225/1033, 21.8%) had suffered from COVID-19 infection prior to vaccination, confirmed using the nasal RT-PCR test. None of the participants reported serious (grade III) or life threatening (grade IV) adverse reactions after either of the two doses. The most common side effects after the first dose were pain at injection site (20.3%), fatigue (20.3%), headache (13.9%), myalgia (12.5%) and fever (9.3%) whereas after the second dose were fatigue (16.8%), pain at injection site (15.8%), myalgia (14%) and fever (6.7%). The side effects were more common in participants who had previous history of COVID-19 infection. Of 225 previously infected participants, 97(43.1%) (p value=0.020) and 90 (40%) (p value=0.001) participants had side effects after 1st and 2nd dose respectively. 16 participants (1.55%) developed PCR positive COVID-19 infection two weeks after the second dose while 3(0.29%) participants had a re-infection. There was one case of probable severe COVID-19 infection, 2 weeks after the second dose and recovered completely with treatment. Conclusion: Our study shows that Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine is generally safe with no serious side effects. The side effects were however, more common in inviduals who already had COVID-19 infection. The COVID-19 breakthrough infection and reinfection could occur after the vaccination.
Correlation of Demographic and Biochemical Features with Histological Classification of Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Sadaf Safana , Batool Saima , Bashir Azra , Zaman Samina , Chughtai Akhtar Sohail
Published: March 2022

Background: Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is a renal disease that leads to progressive renal failure across the world and it is among the most challenging of all renal diseases. The categorization of DN is centered on the lesions of glomeruli and exhibits varied morphological features. These patients outcome is also affected by evaluating the lesions of tubules, interstitium and renal vessels. Objective: The objective of this study was to apply the current pathological categorization of DN by Tervaert et al to evaluate the lesions of kidney in DN and to correlate clinical and histopathological features. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 10 years' duration from 2010-2019 at the Histopathology Department, Chughtai Institute of Pathology, Lahore. Fifty two cases of DN were included in the study. Parameters which were assessed included age, gender, duration of diabetes, 24 hours' urinary proteinuria, serum creatinine, histologic classes of diabetic nephropathy, Interstitial inflammation Score, interstitial fibrosis & tubular Atrophy (IFTA) score, Arteriolar Hyalinosis (AH) score and large vessel arteriolosclerosis. Results: Out of 52 cases, 28 were males and 24 were females. Mean age of patients was 51.40 years. Mean duration of diabetes was 11.54 years. Mean serum creatinine level was 5.42 mg/dl. Mean proteinuria was 4.72 g/24 hours.
The most frequent glomerular lesions were in Class III comprising 48% of all classes. Conclusion: There was a significant correlation of glomerular classes with serum creatinine levels and also with proteinuria. There was also correlation of IFTA with rising serum levels of creatinine and proteinuria.
Comparison of Placental Elasticity and Different Spectral Doppler Indices in Normal and Intrauterine Growth Restricted Fetuses
Authors: Butt Sabar , Amir Gilani Syed , Hanif Asif , Khadija Syeda , Bacha Raham
Published: March 2022

Objective: Comparison of Placental Elasticity and different spectral Doppler indices in normal and intrauterine growth restricted fetuses to establish efficacy of shear wave elastography in early detection of Intrauterine Growth Restricted (IUGR). Design: Cross sectional comparative. 290 pregnant women previously diagnosed by ultrasound as normal and intrauterine growth restriction fetuses which were included in this study, placental elasicity in both groups was evalauted by SWE (shearwave elastography) and compared. Methods: Primarily both groups were scanned for grayscale and Color Doppler ultrasonography in which we took the measurements of resistivity and pulsatility indices of umbilical artery (UA), uterine artery and MCA (middle cerebral artery). In these groups placental elasticity was evaluated by SWE .The ratios of strain were compared between both groups. Statistical study was carried out by using Mann-Whitney test. Cut-off values for elasticity were analyzed by plotting receiver operative characteristic curve (ROC), sensitivity. Specificity and DA
(diagnostic accuracy) for IUGR were designed established on Shear wave elastography measurements. Results: The mean placental elasticity in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and in normal groups was 28.71+7.28 and 5.64+1.53, respectively while in the IUGR group median placental elasticity was 27+7 and 5.50+2 with statistically elevated median among patients in the IUGR group (P
Interprofessional Education for Interprofessional Collaborative Practice
Authors: Malik Alam Sher , Malik Rukhsana Hussain
Published: March 2022

Inter professional Collaborative Practice (ICP) has evolved as a key intervention for efficient and effective promotion of health apart from treating patients, particularly those suffering from complex disorders and need multi-professional care.
Impacts of reservoir operation and urbanization on flood inundation in the Vu Gia Thu Bon Basin, Vietnam
Authors: To Thuy Nga , Vu Huy Cong , Le Hung
Published: March 2022

This study examines the effects of upstream reservoir operation and urbanization on flood inundation in the Vu Gia Thu Bon river basin. The alternative reservoir operation strategies corresponding to the flood storage capacity (Vpl) of 10, 20, and 30% of the active storage capacity (Vhi) are evaluated and compared with the prevailing inter-reservoir operation procedure in terms of inundation effects. The results reveal that increasing the Vpl from 10% to 30% of the Vhi reduces the flooded area by 11.8% and lowers the water level at downstream stations from 6% to 30%. The government's procedure is considered safe to supply water, but the inundation duration is longer, resulting in more damage than the scenario of Vpl=20%Vhi. Regarding urbanization, the expansion of newly urbanized areas has resulted in increased flooding in their surrounding areas, with an increase in flood depth of more than 3 m. Moreover, the new roads have reduced the capacity of flood drainage and caused severe flooding. The water level difference between the two sides of the road can be as high as 2 m. This research will assist managers in developing and implementing appropriate downstream flood control measures.
Protein Crystallography and Examples of its Applications in Medicinal Chemistry
Authors: Martin J. L.
Published: March 2022

The field of protein crystallography inspires and enthrals, whether it be for the beauty and symmetry of a perfectly formed protein crystal, the unlocked secrets of a novel protein fold, or the precise atomic-level detail yielded from a protein-ligand complex. Since 1958, when the first protein
structure was solved, there have been tremendous advances in all aspects of protein
crystallography, from protein preparation and crystallisation through to diffraction data measurement and structure refinement. These advances have significantly reduced the time required to solve protein crystal structures, while at the same time substantially improving the quality and resolution of the resulting structures. Moreover, the technological developments have induced researchers to tackle ever more complex systems, including ribosomes and intact membrane-bound proteins, with a reasonable expectation of success. In this review, the steps involved in determining a protein crystal structure are described and the impact of recent methodological advances identified.

Protein crystal stuctures have proved to be extraordinarily useful in medicinal chemistry research, particularly with respect to inhibitor design. The precise interaction between a drug and its receptor can be visualised at the molecular level using protein crystal structures, and this information then used to improve the complementarity and thus increase the potency and selectivity of an inhibitor. The use of protein crystal structures in receptor-based drug design is highlighted by (i) HIV protease, (ii) influenza virus neuraminidase and (iii) prostaglandin H2- synthetase. These represent, respectively, examples of protein crystal structures that (i) influenced the design of drugs currently approved for use in the treatment of HIV infection, (ii) led to the design of compounds currently in clinical trials for the treatment of influenza infection and (iii) could enable the design of highly specific non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that lack the common side-effects of this drug class.
Nucleoside Transport Inhibitors: Structure-Activity Relationships and Potential Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Buolamwini John K.
Published: March 2022

A survey of structure-activity relationships and potential therapeutic applications of nucleoside transport inhibitors is presented. Among the two equilibrative (facilitated diffusion), and five concentrative (sodium-dependent) nucleoside transporters identified in mammalian cells, only the equilibrative transporters (es and e1) and one concentrative transporter (cs) can be effectively blocked by one or more of the nucleoside
transport inhibitors discovered to date. A structurally diverse array of compounds have been
shown to exert nucleoside transport inhibitory activity to varying degrees. The most important of these are i) nucleoside analogs of which s6-(4-nitrobenzyl)mercaptopurine riboside (NBMPR, nitrobenzylthioinosine) is the prototype, ii) pyrimidopyrimidine and pteridine derivatives of which dipyridamole (Persantine) is the prototype, and iii) alkyl- and cycloalkyldiamine and piperazine calcium channel antagonists of which dilazep and lidoflazine are the representatives, respectively. All of these are effective inhibitors of the es transporter, but dipyridamole is also a potent inhibitor of the ei transporter with variable activity depending on the cell type. Surprisingly, NBMPR and dipyridamole are also potent inhibitors of the newly identified cs concentrative transporter in fresh leukemia cells from patients. Not only does the es inhibitory potency of these compounds depend on tissue type, but it also varies widely among different mammalian species.

Nucleoside transport inhibitors have potential for therapeutic uses in 1) adenosine potentiation in cardioprotection and cerebroprotection in ischemic heart disease and stroke, respectively, 2) the modulation of the effects of antimetabolite anticancer and antiviral agents, and 3) host tissue protection in chemotherapy with cytotoxic nucleosides. Additional areas of potential therapeutic application of NT inhibitors include kidney transplantation, analgesia and hypertension. Most of the compounds in the present repertoire of potent NT inhibitors do not meet the requisite pharmacological profiles for successful clinical application, which calls for the discovery of better inhibitors. Advances are being made in the molecular cloning and functional expression of nucleoside transporters that augur well for future drug design efforts.
Thuja occidentalis: An Unexplored Phytomedicine with Therapeutic
Applications
Authors: Srivastava Sameer , Srivastava Ankit , Jit Bimal Prasad , Dash Rutumbara , Srivastava Rishi
Published: March 2022

Background:

The recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has received global attention. Due to
a lack of recommended treatment regimens, the world faced various limitations resulting in improper
management of the disease. Phytomedicines have played a prominent role in the prevention
of various epidemics and pandemics in the past.

Objective:

Here, we attempt to focus on safe and feasible use of Thuja occidentalis to manage and
alleviate the panic of viral respiratory infections, including COVID-19, by strengthening an individual’s
immunity. The relevant information was collected from the web-based databases PubMed,
Google Scholar, and MEDLINE, as well as other internet sources to review the applicability of T.
occidentalis as a phytomedicine in managing respiratory infections and strengthening immunity.

Conclusion:

As important phytomedicine, and antipsychotic, T. occidentalis possesses a plethora
of immunological properties that can be used effectively in the management of viral respiratory infections
and has the potential to prevent further progression of the disease. Importantly, this could
be only a part of the approach for treatment during the current outbreak that should be considered
along with other measures.
An Insight into the Role of E2F1 in Breast Cancer Progression, Drug Resistance, and Metastasis
Authors: Shah Zafar Abbas , Nouroz Faisal , Ejaz Samina , Tayyeb Asima
Published: March 2022

Aims:

This study aimed to investigate the role of E2F1 in breast cancer
biology.

Background:

Expression of E2F1, a transcription factor of many oncogenes and tumor
suppressor genes, is lowered in several malignancies, including breast carcinoma.

Objectives:

In the present study, we analyzed the status of E2F1 expression in
association with diverse attributes of breast malignancy and its impact on cancer
progression.

Methods:

For this purpose, we used various freely available online applications for gene
enrichment, expression, and methylation analysis to extract mutation-based E2F1 map,
to measure E2F1 drug sensitivity, and to determine E2F1 association with DNA damage
response proteins.

Results:

Results revealed tissue-specific regulatory behavior of E2F1. Moreover, the
key role of E2F1 in the promotion of metastasis, stem cell-mediated carcinogenesis,
estrogen-mediated cell proliferation, and cellular defense system, has therefore
highlighted it as a metaplastic marker and hot member of key resistome pathways.

Conclusion:

The information thus generated can be employed for future implications in
devising rational therapeutic strategies. Moreover, this study has provided a more
detailed insight into the diagnostic and prognostic potential of E2F1.
Walking the Risk-Benefit Tight Rope: A Case of Post Fine Needle Aspiration
Haemorrhage in Extramedullary Plasmacytoma
Authors: Chandrashekhara SH , Bhalla Deeksha , Razik Abdul , Sharma Atul , Giri Rupak Kumar
Published: March 2022

Background:

Primary extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMP) are rare; however, secondary
forms may be seen in ~10-15% of patients with systemic multiple myeloma (MM). The diagnosis of
EMP is based on the demonstration of monoclonal plasma cells in the lesion, which requires tissue
sampling.

Case Presentation:

We present a case of a 38 year old female with MM who underwent diagnostic US
at our institute. Multiple focal liver lesions were detected, which were suspicious for EMP. She underwent
fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for diagnosis, following which she developed hemoperitoneum
secondary to deranged clotting parameters (prothrombin time and platelet count). CT angiography
revealed active hepatic capsular bleed. She was taken up for percutaneous embolisation, and
the supplying vessel successfully embolised using gel foam particles.

Conclusion:

Complications may rarely occur in interventional procedures, particularly in patients with
comorbidities. However, prompt diagnosis and management help prevent adverse outcomes.
Efficacy of BAINS Circuit in Treating Critically Ill Hypoxemic COVID-19
Patients During the Second Wave of the Pandemic in India
Authors: Patil Vidya A. , R. Saikrishna Prasad , L.K. Shivanand , Holyachi Renuka , Das Kusal K. , T.K. Vijaykumar
Published: March 2022

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic has encouraged doctors to look for novel ways of treating patients with respiratory failure, due to the limited availability of ventilators and high flow nasal cannula. The aim of the study is to assess the efficacy of using Bains circuit as an alternative to HFNC and NIV as a life saving tool, in patients with respiratory failure, during COVID-19 pandemic second wave in India.

Methods:

This is a prospective interventional study carried out in the intensive care unit of Shri B.M Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapur, India, from May 2021 to June 2021. All patients (n=90) in respiratory failure, not responding to therapy by oxygen mask, were included in the study. Patients were started on Bain circuits, one end connected to a non-invasive ventilation mask fitting to the face of the patients and the other end connected to a central oxygen port. Patient vital parameters were assessed on an hourly basis. The blood gas analyses were done before and after using Bains.

Results:

The study showed diabetes (33.4%), hypertension (22.2%), and diabetes with hypertension(11.1%) as comorbid factors among the ICU admitted patients. The results from the arterial blood gas analyses showed a statistically significant increase in SP02 (%) and a decrease in respiratory rate (cycles/min) in the patients after being kept on Bains (p<0.05). Further, it showed that 72 % of ICU patients with 70-79% Sp02 had recovery by using Bains. The overall outcome of ICU admitted COVID-19 patients on Bains showed that 38.9% patients improved and were shifted to 02/NRBM mask.

Conclusion:

The study highlights a novel concept of using Bains circuit as an effective alternative to HFNC and NIV for oxygenation in critically ill COVID-19 patients during scarcity of NIV and HFNC at the peak of pandemic.
Polymerase Chain Reaction Study of Human Bocavirus in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis
Authors: Mahmoud Noha Mostafa , Zaki Maysaa El Sayed , Eid Abdel-Rahman , Ahmed Mai Esam , Mohamed Eman Hamdy , Fahmy Ehab Mohamed
Published: March 2022

Aim:

The present study aimed to detect Human bocavirus (HBoV) in stool samples from young children below 5 years complaining of acute gastroenteritis (GE) in addition to detection of rotavirus, norovirus, and astrovirus.

Methods:

The study included 90 children below 5 years with acute GE with excluded bacterial pathogens. The determination of the presence of HBoV was performed by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) beside determination of astrovirus and norovirus by multiplex PCR and rotavirus antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results:

The most prevalent virus among the studied viruses was rotavirus (33.3%) detected by ELISA for antigen in the stool. The other three viruses detected by molecular methods were bocavirus (14.4%), astrovirus (13.3%), and norovirus (10%). Mixed viral infection with two or more viruses was detected in 16 children (17.8%). The most common was bocavirus and rotavirus in 6 patients (37.5%). In the study of demographic and clinical presentations of the children with HBoV, the affected children were mainly females, i.e., 10 (76.9%), from rural residence i.e., 11 (84.6%) with the mild classification of GE in 7 children (53.8%) and moderate GE in 6 children (46.2%) and none of them had severe GE. Fever was the most common presenting sign in those children (53.8%) followed by vomiting (46.2%).

Conclusion:

The study highlights the existence of HBoV in children with acute GE under the age of five. The infection associated with this virus was either mild or moderate in severity. The combined viral infection was common especially associated with rotavirus. There is a need for further additional study to identify the type of the circulated strain of bocavirus and the confections with other pathogens.
Ethoxidol as a Broad-spectrum Adaptogen
Authors: Irina Zhigacheva V. , Natalya Krikunova I. , Vladimir Binyukov I. , Elena Mil , Irina Rusina , Alexander Goloshchapov
Published: March 2022

Background:

Stress factors lead to a shift in the antioxidant-prooxidant relationship, allowing an increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by mitochondria, which results in the development of oxidative stress. Consequently, it is possible to put forward an as-sumption that drugs which reduce the excessive generation of ROS by these organelles should in-crease the body's resistance to stress factors. Antioxidants can be used as such drugs. In this regard, the aim of this work was to study the bioenergetics characteristic of mitochondria under stress con-ditions and under the action of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridinium hydroxybutanedioate (eth-oxidol).

Methods:

The antiradical activity of the drug was evaluated by the chemiluminescent method (CL). The functional state of the mitochondria was studied with reference to the level of lipid peroxida-tion by the spectrofluorimetry and in terms of fatty acid composition of mitochondrial membranes using the chromatography technique. The study of mitochondrial morphology was performed em-ploying the method of atomic force microscopy.

Results:

The injection in mice of ethoxidol at a dose of 10-5 mol/kg for 7 days led to the prevention of the stress-induced increase in the intensity of LPO in the membranes of the mitochondria, and swelling of these organelles; it also prevented a decrease in the content of unsaturated fatty acids, containing 18 and 20 carbon atoms. At the same time, ethoxidol increased the life expectancy of mice by 3.0-4.2 times in conditions of various types of hypoxia.

Conclusion:

The adaptogenic properties of ethoxidol can be attributed to its antiradical and antiox-idant properties.
A Review of Nitro-Hydroxylation Transformation on Aromatic Ring
Authors: Bu Jian Hang , Ding Qian-Hui , Zhong Hui , Zhou Xu-Dong , Li Bin , Wang Wei , Sheng Wen-Bing
Published: March 2022

Absatract:

Aromatic nitro compounds are widely used to synthesize medicine, dyes, spices, and
other organic synthesis reagents for their wide sources and low cost. One of the most important
uses is the synthesis of phenolic compounds. Moreover, the nitro group on the aromatic ring can
be converted to hydroxyl after reduction, diazotization, and hydrolysis, which is a traditional
method to get hydroxyl. This mini-review describes the methodologies and mechanisms of nitro-
hydroxylation on aromatic rings and other unique transformation methods.
Left Atrial Systolic Force in Hypertensive Patients with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy-: A Predictor of Incident Atrial Fibrillation. The LIFE Study
Authors:   Glostrup University Hospital, Department of Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark, Gerholt Lotte , Bang Casper N. ,   Frederiksberg and Bispebjerg Hospitals, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark,   Weill-Cornell Medicine, Greenberg Division of Cardiology, 525 East 68th Street, New York City, NY 10021, USA, Gerdts Eva ,   University of Bergen, Department of Clinical Science, Haukeland Hospital, Bergen, Norway, Larstorp Anne Cecilie ,   University of Oslo, Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and Cardiology, Ullevaal Hospital, Oslo, Norway, Kjeldsen Sverre E. ,   University of Oslo, Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and Cardiology, Ullevaal Hospital, Oslo, Norway,   University of Michigan, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, Julius Stevo ,   University of Michigan, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, Wachtell Kristian ,   Weill-Cornell Medicine, Greenberg Division of Cardiology, 525 East 68th Street, New York City, NY 10021, USA, Okin Peter M. ,   Weill-Cornell Medicine, Greenberg Division of Cardiology, 525 East 68th Street, New York City, NY 10021, USA, Devereux Richard B. ,   Weill-Cornell Medicine, Greenberg Division of Cardiology, 525 East 68th Street, New York City, NY 10021, USA
Published: March 2022

It remains unknown whether left atrial systolic force (LASF), a measure of left atrial function, can be used as a predictor of new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF). Furthermore, the effect of the treatment with atenolol and losartan on LASF is unclear. A total of 758 patients without atrial fibrillation at baseline were enrolled from the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint (LIFE) reduction in hypertension echocardiography sub-study. Participants of the LIFE study were randomized to either atenolol-or losartan-based treatment. The mean follow-up was 59 months. LASF was calculated using the average mitral orifice area and mitral peak. The velocity was obtained by Doppler echocardiography. At baseline, 25% of patients had a LASF ≤ 10.3 kdyn. Compared to other quartiles, this quartile had a higher proportion of men, lower heart rate, body mass index, and age. After controlling for these variables, patients in the first quartile had a lower stroke volume compared to other quartiles. New-onset AF occurred in 29 (8.1/1,000 patient-years of follow-up) patients. In multivariable Cox regression analyses with backward elimination, increasing LASF was associated with a lower risk of NOAF (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.90 [95% confidence interval 0.85-0.96], p = 0.001). Integrated discrimination improvement was 0.054 (p = 0.004) and there was a borderline significant net reclassification improvement of 19.2% (p = 0.075). Over time LASF decreased more in the atenolol-based than the losartan-based treatment group ( < 0.001). Low LASF was associated with a higher risk of new-onset AF. Losartan-based treatment was associated with better preservation of LASF compared to atenolol-based treatment.
Design and manufacture of long-lasting lightweight structures for sustainable mobility
Authors: Nossol Patryk , Drebenstedt Claudia , Szymanski Felix
Published: March 2022

The focus in this paper is on the latest results of the crash, reuse and remanufacturing design concepts for a durable sill structure for a modular vehicle platform architecture. Like the entire vehicle platform the sill structure is also designed modular, with the possibility to replace damaged or to reuse intact components. The innovative sill structure consists mainly of durable carbon fiber reinforced composite plastic (CFRP) crash absorbers in the form of tubes and a C-profile manufactured by a cost effective serial process – pultrusion. Those crash tubes were designed using experimental and numerical knowledge based on internal studies. A special layup was chosen to achieve the highest energy absorption in case of a crash. Therefore, the mechanism of crushing and inversion are targeted. The innovative alignment of the crash tubes consider protection against oblique impact according to the latest NCAP standards. For a smooth transmission of the incoming force into the tubes, an auxetic-structured buffer element is placed between the outer C-profile and the crash tubes. In case of a crash or a vehicle design change, intact crash tubes can be reused or remanufactured thanks to the high durability and detachable connections, which corresponds to a cycle concept.
A Health Equity-Oriented Research Agenda Requires Comprehensive Community Engagement (Preprint)
Authors: Rice Kevin , Seidman Joshua , Mahoney Oneil
Published: March 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

In recent years, health policy and research communities have adapted and rethought the traditional approaches to health equity. The reevaluation has the potential to drive critical improvements in how we conduct research. It ultimately can play a role in reducing health and healthcare disparities in the US. Moving this research equity agenda forward fully requires providers and researchers to fully embrace participatory engagement with the communities they serve, in both the conduct of research and in the development of participatory care environments for that research. The combination of Community Based Participatory Action Research (CBPAR) methods within a setting of participatory care delivery presents unique strategies for long-term commitments to health equity through consumer empowerment in public health settings. This piece discusses CBPAR research methods and how they can advance equity-focused research to meaningfully impact the lives of consumers by incorporating their priorities into research, optimizing research methods, and building the skills, practices, and insights they develop from CBPAR to empower them in their care settings and beyond.
Knowledge-Based Systems Selection of Contraceptive Equipment for The Handling of Uncertainty
Authors: Fathoni Achmad Siddik , Hartati Sri
Published: March 2022

Contraceptives is one of the products of the government program for controlling the population. The government has established the Department of Population Control and family planning and empowerment of women and child protection that specifically manages the dissemination and socialization of the apparatus. But to choose the appropriate contraceptives for himself The Community of people still feel trouble. Not only prospective of common people who feel difficulties, sometimes the KB officers also feel uncertain in giving advice of tool contraceptives. That is because, sometimes the condition of the user does not comply with the existing rules, the latest knowledge about the development of contraception has not been owned by the officer, thus resulting in uncertainty in the suggestion of selection of contraceptives. In this study proposed a knowledge-based system to assist the public in providing an overview of the type of contraceptive equipment suitable for theyself and can be used by the KB officers the as interactive media and in the handling of the uncertainty problem that mentioned before. Then for the handling of uncertatinty problems will use dempster shafer method. dempster shafer method is Chosen because this method can provide an estimate of the value of confidence against a result of the diagnosis, by conducting the calculation of the combination of the same symptoms will be obtained the highest confidence value, or the most dominant. In the testing process, there will be 40 cases compared to the results. This research aims to solve the uncertainty problems of the suggestion the selection of contraceptives tools. The results of this research can provide a consulting medium that is able to provide selection of contraceptives that solve the problem of uncertainty and confidence level of the system to the tool. The test showed an accuracy rate of 95%
Face Image Generation and Enhancement Using Conditional Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Mardiah Ainil , Hartati Sri , Sihabuddin Agus
Published: March 2022

The accuracy and speed of a single image super-resolution using a convolutional neural network is often a problem in improving finer texture details when using large enhancement factors. Some recent studies have focused on minimal mean square error, resulting in a high peak signal to noise ratio. Generally, although the peak signal to noise ratio has a high value, the output image is less detailed. This shows that the determination of super-resolution is not optimal. Conditional Generative Adversarial Network based on Boundary Equilibrium Generative Adversarial Network, by combining Mean Square Error Loss and GAN Loss as a loss function to optimize the super-resolution model and produce super-resolution images. Also, the generator network is designed with skip connection architecture to increase convergence speed and strengthen feature distribution. Image quality value parameters used in this study are Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM). The results showed the highest image quality values using dataset validation were 26.55 for PSNR values and 0.93 for SSIM values. The highest image quality values using the testing dataset are 24.56 for the PSNR value and 0.91 for the SSIM value.
Prioritizing Drug Procurement Using ABC, VEN, EOQ And ROP Combination
Authors: Romadhon Susilo , Wardoyo Retantyo
Published: March 2022

The availability of drugs is one of the things that must be considered because if there is a deficiency or excess it can cause loss or disruption in patient care. The process to procure drugs that are still being carried out with uncertain considerations will create scheduling irregularities, this will have an impact on inventory costs due to accumulated inventory in warehouses or the absence of these drugs.This study aims to produce a decision support system for drug procurement using a combination of ABC methods, VEN analysis, ROP and EOQ.The test results show that the system can provide 3 recommendations for decision makers with consideration of the results of the ABC and VEN matrices and procurement calculations based on EOQ and ROP. The result of calculating the total Inventory Cost in the case example of the orodine drug based on the pharmacy calculation is IDR 708,500 while the calculation using the Economic Order Quantity method is IDR 689,381 from the calculation results obtained a savings of IDR 19,119.