bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON THE PRACTICAL TRAINING OF INTERVENTION AND RESCUE PERSONNEL IN TOXIC / EXPLOSIVE / FLAMMABLE ENVIRONMENTS USING VIRTUAL REALITY
Authors: Nicolescu Cristian , Kovacs Izabella , Gaman Artur-George , Pupazan Daniel , Gireada Andrei
Published: February 2023

In recent years, virtual reality developers have managed to create an artificial environment that can simulate reality so that the user has the impression of an almost real physical presence in the virtual world. By overlapping and synchronizing projected images with spatial sounds and even with forces that interact with the user, the user is detached from the real environment and an all-encompassing involvement in the virtual world occurs. Virtual reality is frequently present in aviation, medicine, military training and other top fields. Advantages of using a virtual environment are obvious for areas where inexperience can cause loss of life and material loss. Although participants are immersed in the virtual environment scenario, errors produced allow an assessment of mistakes made and their correction, the experience gained being then used in the realworld professional activity. Through experiencing the virtual environment, fear of various dangers can be overcome, dangers that cannot be simulated in reality can easily be simulated, so that objectives of training can be met. The aim of the paper is to provide rescuers with certain training scenarios which create opportunities to interact with elements of the virtual space to fulfil the purpose of training.
WOLLASTONITE WORK INDEX DETERMINATION
Authors: Surracco Marco , Tilocca Maria Caterina
Published: February 2023

As part of the studies aimed at the individuation of the best techniques for the beneficiation of a mineral of wollastonite, coming from an Italian deposit, the problem of the optimization of the milling step was also considered, since the industrial use of wollastonite usually involves a preventive fine grinding. Therefore, in order to evaluate the grindability characteristics of this mineral, in consideration of the lack of data available in literature, we proceeded to the determination of its Bond index through the standard method. The Bond work index represents the energy required to reduce 1 short ton (907 kg) of a mineral from a theoretically infinitely large size to the size of 100 microns and its knowledge allows to calculate the energy spent in a process of dimensional reduction of a solid, including the energy properly used for the fracturing of the material and the losses, such as the energy lost in the form of heat generated by friction, mechanical losses, etc. Although the domain of application of Bond's theory is narrow, it is of high interest to us since it corresponds to that of industrial grinding units. In this paper the procedure adopted, and the experimental results obtained are reported. A value of Wi of 8.33 kWh/sht was obtained, which ranks our solid, under the aspect of comminution resistance, on the border between a soft rock and a rock of medium hardness. The Bond index, thus determined, is valid for an industrial wet grinding carried out with a ball mill, operating in closed circuit with a mechanical classifier, with a circulating charge amounting to 250 %.
SEISMOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SWARM TYPE SEISMICITY IN THE REGION OF VELINGRAD, BULGARIA
Authors: Simeonova Stela , Raykova Plamena , Solakov Dimcho
Published: February 2023

�he space-time distribution of earthquakes is of substantial importance for understanding the physics of the earthquake generation process. Earthquakes can be analyzed as a time series of events that result from the released strain in the earth's crust. The study of the space-time distribution of earthquakes using statistical methods reveals many of their characteristics. Sequences of seismic events affect both spatial and time distribution of earthquakes. It is necessary to know the statistical characteristics of the different seismic clusters and to reflect their impact in the general research related to seismicity. In the study, we analyze the swarm type sequence located in the vicinity of the town of Velingrad. The region is characterized with moderate seismic activity. Moreover, a reduced number of small earthquakes have also been registered in the recent past. About 30 events with magnitude in the range of 1.2?M?3.0 are recorded at Bulgarian seismological network in a time period of 10 days. The events are localized on and close to a defined fault structure. Most of the swarm events are with a magnitude in the range of 2.0-2.5. The earthquakes are located in the Earth�s crust at a depth up to 15 km. Rapid transition to background seismicity is observed after the generation of the strongest earthquakes in of the sequence.
TOWARD A NEW GEOLOGIC AND GEOPHYSICAL MODEL FOR BUCHAREST, ROMANIA, BASED ON STANDARDIZED AND INTEROPERABLE DATABASES
Authors: Tataru Dragos , Viorica Ciugudean-Toma , Toma-Danila Dragos
Published: February 2023

In the past decades, the necessity for detailed earthquake microzonation studies was recognized for Bucharest city first because significant damage occurred here during the last major earthquakes, as well as for other densely populated cities in Romania exposed to major seismic risk due to the intermediate-depth earthquakes occurring in Vrancea zone and local site effects. Numerous studies established different approaches incorporating non-linearity analyses, which generally did not consider groundwater level changes. For this purpose, notably, numerical models are most suitable.
These models require a good knowledge of the local geological conditions (especially of the uppermost unconsolidated units), information about the geotechnical parameters of these units, and a hydrogeological model of the investigated area. These models required first the construction of a robust database which should contain all the information about geological strata in the area down to at least 100 m depth or more. The database should include geology or geometric data of the layers and other geophysical and geotechnical related details like the characteristic density and average seismic velocity for each layer, as well as the water table variation in the area. All of them have proved to be important in a scientific assessment of the local seismic hazard according to the modern procedures able to have an output in the city's local seismic hazard (microzonation).
Most of this information can be obtained from geotechnical investigations and surveys that have already been carried out in the most densely populated areas. In the last 25 years, a lot of valuable information has been gathered by different research institutes, and only part of them was made available through publication. Other parts of the dataset will be acquired beginning now, according to new methods designed not to disturb the daily activity in the city and to respect the green spaces and general environment.
The present study aims to establish a numeric database, organized from all this information in a GIS environment, capable of giving an appropriate image of the Bucharest surface and shallow geologic layers until 100 � 150 m depth. Due to the rapid changing of physical properties on the surface and in-depth, it is required that we have verified values in a grid of 100 m x 100 m and with an error of +/- 1 m depth. The geologic layers database, together with the database of the static and dynamic properties of the sedimentary rocks, that is already accomplished, will serve as valuable input for further studies aiming at a thorough quantification of local seismic hazard in Bucharest city.
FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION IN GASEOUS EXPLOSION SIMULATIONS
Authors: Manea Florin , Ghicioi Emilian , Munteanu Laurentiu , Simon-Marinica Bogdan Adrian
Published: February 2023

According to ANSYS - developer of the Multiphysics platform for computer simulations - the FSI (Fluid-Structure Interaction) model can be used in all cases where a fluid encounters a solid structure, for example, wind gusts rotating a turbine, air washing the surface of a moving car etc. This method finds applications especially in the aeronautical and automotive industries, but also in medical research, such computer simulations track the influences of blood pressure and blood flow velocity in the veins. This paper deals with an extension of applying this method in a lesser field, namely in investigating gas explosion events through computer simulations. For this, in the virtual domain, a geometry similar to a house was built, in which an explosive atmosphere generated by an accidental natural gas leak was simulated. Following the source of initiation, the process of rapid combustion of combustible gas takes place, the dynamic effects produced by the pressures generated by the expansion of the gases being calculated and quantified by the FSI model. The results obtained by applying this method in the simulations help in the decision-making process to adopt the most effective measures to prevent explosion-type events of air-fuel mixtures, being useful in the development of explosion risk assessment studies, for identifying the worst-case scenario.
RISKS INDUCED BY IMPROPER INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE OF EQUIPMENT INTENDED FOR OPERATION IN POTENTIALLY EXPLOSIVE ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Csaszar Tiberiu , Darie Marius , Burian Sorin , Colda Cosmin , Pupazan Gabriela
Published: February 2023

The installation and maintenance of equipment intended for use in potentially explosive environments requires specific knowledge and qualifications for the personnel who commissions and subsequently maintain such equipment. When installing and maintaining electrical equipment, situations may arise which may in turn lead to an unacceptable level of risk with regarding to the activation of ignition sources of potentially explosive atmospheres in their immediate vicinity, due to the failure to comply the principles of explosion protection.
The principles of explosion protection differ from one type of equipment to another, and they can be combined, but only if the clearly defined principles in the specific literature are observed. There are also situations when two or more principles of protection are not compatible in ensuring a level of safety appropriate to the classification of the area endangered by the presence of a potentially explosive atmosphere.
This paper presents real situations discovered by the authors in their assessment work, at different installations intended for operation in potentially explosive environments, with the highlighting of the nonconformities in each presented case.
STUDY ON TYPES OF PROTECTION APPLIED TO GALVANIC ELEMENTS AND BATTERIES IN EXPLOSIVE ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Rad Marcel Daniel , Magyari Mihai , Moldovan Lucian , Fotau Dragos
Published: February 2023

The paper aims to address what types of protection can be applied to galvanic elements and batteries that are used in potentially explosive atmospheres.
In order to keep electrical equipment in operation in environments with potentially explosive atmospheres under harsh conditions, including galvanic elements and batteries, a certain type of protection must be applied for safe operation.
The types of protection applied to galvanic elements and batteries are made in accordance with EN 60079-0 and in compliance with the requirements of the ATEX directive - 2014-34 EU.
Galvanic cells and batteries in order to be used in potentially explosive environments must meet certain conditions, namely: All galvanic cells in a battery must have the same electrochemical system, design and rated capacity, and must be made by the same manufacturer, All batteries must be installed and used so as to be within the permissible limits defined by the galvanic cell or battery manufacturer, Primary and secondary galvanic cells or batteries must not be used within the same equipment enclosure if they are easily interchangeable,
The technical standard EN 60079-0 applies to all electrical equipment and covers factors directly related to the types of protection applied to electrical equipment operating in hazardous areas where the hazard may be caused by gases, vapours, mist, dust, fibres or flammable substances.
THE EVOLUTION OF POLISH DEPENDENCY IN THE FIELD OF ENERGY RAW MATERIALS SECTOR
Authors: Kot-Niewiadomska Alicja , Kamyk Jaroslaw
Published: February 2023

Energy raw materials that play a crucial role in the economic development of Poland are: crude oil, natural gas as well as lignite and hard coal. The history of mining of the aforementioned raw materials have a complex and long tradition. Historically, Poland was a pioneer and a European leader in crude oil mining which now has only marginal importance in domestic demand. Currently, we are also a witnesses of a decline of hard coal mining which was the basis of the country's energy security for many years. Poland currently consumes approx. 4,500 PJ of primary energy per year, the majority of which being obtained from hard coal and crude oil, and further from natural gas, lignite and renewable sources. As far as coal is concerned, Poland has been relatively self-sufficient for many years, but for the provision of hydrocarbons it remains largely dependent on imports. As a result, crude oil and natural gas have been considered minerals critical for proper functioning of the economy that meet the living needs of the society, being necessary in national defence and security, including energy security. For this reason, activities aimed at diversifying the directions and sources of their supplies have been carried out for years.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF AGRICULTURE: PRIORITIES AND BARRIERS
Authors: Vasilevska Daina , Rivza Baiba
Published: February 2023

In the practice of leading countries, digital transformation implies the industry principle of supporting the introduction of new technologies. At the same time, programs and projects can be built both on the principle of introducing any one promising group of technologies in several industries, where it is especially relevant, and provide for the digital transformation of a particular industry through the forced introduction of many technologically heterogeneous solutions that are in demand in a given sector of the economy or social sphere. Digital transformation contributes to solving systemic problems in industries, reorganizing labor and automating routine tasks. Thus, in the electric power industry, the number of accidents at infrastructure facilities is reduced, in construction - the level of injuries at the construction site. Digital products improve coordination within and between organizations and reduce transaction costs. For example, platform solutions in logistics reduce the role of intermediaries, while expanding the possibilities for communication with end users. The digital transformation of agriculture is largely based on the integrated implementation of a number of digital technologies within the interrelated concepts of precision farming and smart agriculture. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of digitalization of agriculture in Latvia. Determine which digital technologies are most in demand in the country's agriculture, study the change in demand for advanced digital technologies, and identify the main constraints for the development of digital agriculture.
MINING SECTOR DIGITALIZATION IN KOSOVO
Authors: Duraku Sami , Todorova Emilia
Published: February 2023

Based on data from the last decade, institutions have faced an increasing number of applications for licenses and permits for raw materials, construction, industrial and metallic minerals. Receipt of applications and accompanying documents for licenses and permits is currently performed as a manual process and submitted by enterprises in hard copy format.
Institutional officials consistently face with the difficulties in manually processing all data from applications and accompanying documents submitted, causing delays in their review. Many applications from companies have been waiting to be reviewed for another year, leaving the review for the next calendar year. Based on the data, over the years the number of licenses issued has always been smaller than the number of applications received for the calendar year.
The purpose of this paper is to display the importance of an advanced system to automate application review processes to harmonize the number of licenses issued with the number of applications received. Facilitating procedures for the automation of actions that can be implemented through a digital system will enable institutions to make their administrative services more efficient.
This spatial information system will identify and locate natural resource sites, will automate the execution of all processes from accepting applications, approving or not approving licenses and permits, necessary inspections, reporting on royalties, until the closure of mining activities, comfortable with the rules in harmony with the environment.
USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ELEMENTS IN PREDICTIVE PROCESS MANAGEMENT
Authors: Blahova Marta
Published: February 2023

Predictive process control is a method of regulation suitable for controlling various types of systems, which is based on the idea of using the prediction of future system behavior and its optimization. Normally, a system model is used to predict behavior, and therefore it is necessary for the correct function of predictive control to make its correct selection and determine its parameters so that the controlled system is described as accurately as possible. Another advantage of predictive control is the possibility of including signal restrictions directly in the controller. The result is the application of some elements of artificial intelligence in suitable areas of predictive control, especially the use of simple evolutionary algorithms in optimization and neural networks as nonlinear models. One of the chapters of the article describes the possibilities of using these elements. It is proved that in addition to classical optimization algorithms, it is also possible to use simple evolutionary algorithms for optimization of prediction, while the computational complexity can be comparable depending on the type of solved problem and settings. The article describes a suitable selection of model systems with slow dynamics, their derivation, and the creation of nonlinear models in the form of scalable neural networks. The potential advantage of this approach for the control of systems that are difficult to describe or for the control of systems whose mathematicalphysical description is not known. The chapter of the article also deals with the possibility of using the found models on real systems and determining the necessary conditions and requirements for their application.
ANALYSIS AND GIS-BASED MODELING OF FREE AND OPEN DATA FOR TRACKING THE DYNAMICS OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT: CASE STUDY FOR SOFIA, BULGARIA
Authors: Ilieva Tamara
Published: February 2023

The Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are one of the main tools through which changes in the urban environment can be tracked. They can be used to analyze processes not only as territorial phenomena, but also to derive spatio-temporal models and trends.
Free and open access data was used for the present study � from Copernicus, OpenStreetMap and the Urban Development Plan of Sofia Municipality were used as sources. Data layers for the terrain, land cover, buildings, street network and others were analyzed together. Data from the National Statistical Institute was also used to support the analysis of the dynamics of urban environment.
Sofia is the capital of Bulgaria and for the last 15 years it has been the most dynamically changing city in the country. By using the data described above and the functionality of GIS, it is possible to automate the process of locating the areas with the most intensive changes.
Two-dimensional and three-dimensional modeling was used to adequately demonstrate the temporal and spatial dynamics of the urban environment. The data is processed by regions and then combined for the whole territory of Sofia Municipality. Free opensource software QGIS is used for the analysis and deriving the models. Qgis2threejs was used in the three-dimensional representation and modeling of the data.
The time interval for which data were taken is from 2006 to the present, which makes the study relevant. The results can be useful for decision making related to planning the development of the territory and even for improving the living environment.
DATA PROCESSING METHODOLOGY IN THE CONTEXT OF POINT CLOUDS OPTIMIZATION FOR BIM TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Blaszczak Bak Wioleta , Suchocki Czeslaw , Bednarczyk Michal
Published: February 2023

Laser scanning can be used to acquire measurement data for Building Information Modeling (BIM). Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) technology is ideal for this type of work. Having a point cloud of the measured object, dimension and model it in accordance with reality are possible. TLS gives the opportunity to obtain a big amount of observations, which on the one hand allows for an accurate depiction of the object, but on the other hand is troublesome during BIM developing. Therefore, the paper presents the methodology of preparing the TLS point cloud for BIM, taking into account the reduction of the number of observations. The reduction does not happen random, the points are examined for their usefulness and relevance during the development of BIM. The proposed methodology based on the use of the Optimum Dataset (OptD) method during reducing the size of the measurement dataset.
MODELLING BARLEY BIOMASS FROM PHENOCAM TIME SERIES WITH MULTI-OUTPUT GAUSSIAN PROCESSES
Authors: Ganeva Dessislava , Chanev Milen , Valcheva Darina , Filchev Lachezar , Jelev Georgi
Published: February 2023

Biomass is monitored in many agricultural studies because it is closely related to the growth of the crop. The technique of digital repeat photography that continuously capture images of a given area with an RGB or near-infrared enabled cameras, Phenocams, has been used for more than a decade mainly to estimate phenology. Studies have found a relationship between Phenocam data and above-ground dry biomass. In this context we investigate the modeling of barley fresh above and underground biomass with Green chromatic coordinate (Gcc) colour index, extracted from Phenocam data, and multi-output Gaussian processes (MOGP). We take advantage of the available very high temporal resolution data from the phenocam to predict the biomass. The MOGP models take into account the relationships among output variables learning a cross-domain kernel function able to transfer information between time series. Our results suggest that MOGP model is able to successfully predict the variables simultaneously in regions where no training samples are available by intrinsically exploiting the relationships between the considered output variables.
GENERATING ACTIONABLE INTELLIGENCE FROM GEOSPATIAL BIG DATA: STATE OF THE ART AND CONCEPT
Authors: Jocea Andreea Florina , Porumb Liviu , Necula Lucian , Grivei Alexandru , Raducanu Dan
Published: February 2023

The current information age has led, globally, to an exponential increase regarding the availability and the use of the information, both structured and unstructured, a phenomenon known as Big Data. The term Big Data refers not only to the massive volume and variety of data itself, but also to the set of technologies that surround it, in order to collect, store, retrieve, manage, process and analyze data in order to solve complex problems in society, respectively for increasing the quality of life in all its aspects. Given that approximately 80% of the data generated daily has a spatial component, and studies indicate that more than 150 zettabytes (150 trillion gigabytes) of data will require analysis by 2025, it is necessary to create Big Data solutions for storage, organizing, manipulating, viewing, and retrieving relevant information. Today, in the midst of the �data revolution�, more and more countries are launching ambitious programs aimed at developing their use. These programs test the ability of decisionmakers to recognize, structure and exploit data, which is considered a valuable resource, and create the means to generate value from it by facilitating access. The Big Data phenomenon has also conquered the military field, in which the current and emerging object of large-scale data analysis areas is the exploitation of classical techniques such as rule-based systems, shape analysis, tree structures and other analysis technologies in order to develop efficient tools. In this paper we will start from the investigation of the basic characteristics of Big Data and continued with technical details that involves the generation, collection, storage and analysis of geospatial Big Data needed to transform these data into an actionable intelligence.
THE INFLUENCE OF COVARIANCE ON THE ESTIMATION OF THE ACCURACY OF VERTICAL DISPLACEMENTS, SLOPES AND DEFLECTIONS AS FUNCTIONS OF LEVELLING RESULTS IN GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING
Authors: Bannikov Anton , Gordeev Viktor
Published: February 2023

Research Object and Relevance. Geotechnical monitoring is an integral part of the safe operation of a facility. When the deformation network is a network of high-rise benchmarks, in addition to vertical displacements, slopes and deflections of intervals are calculated. Often, geotechnical researchers and engineers pay more attention to the quantitative values of various deformation characteristics, comparing calculated values with geomechanical models. In our article, we want to pay attention to the assessment of the quality of the calculated parameters: after all, if the geomechanical model can help in choosing the controlled deformation parameters and their critical values, the accuracy assessment allows you to choose the most effective monitoring technique and technology.
Research Methods. In this article, we considered the influence of covariance moments on the assessment of the accuracy of vertical displacements, slopes and deflections depending on the equalized height values.
Results. The results of the study obtained by us analytically and graphically showed that the replacement of the covariance matrix by the diagonal variance matrix does not affect the estimation of the accuracy of vertical displacements, while the RMS of the interval slopes and deflections significantly depend on the covariance.
Conclusion. We draw the reader's attention to the fact that for a rigorous assessment of the accuracy of the calculated deformation values, information is needed on the total covariance matrix obtained from the results of levelling measurements adjustment in each series. We also recommend that geotechnical engineers pay attention to relative deformation networks - in order to obtain more accurate estimates of slopes and deflections, it is enough to level only the deformation network itself without using control points
DETERMINATIONS OF THE PRELIMINARY COORDINATES FOR THE NEW GNSS PERMANENT STATIONS IN SERBIA
Authors: Odalovic Oleg , Grekulovic Sanja , Drakul Miljana Todorovic , Petkovic Dusan
Published: February 2023

The new network of permanent GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) stations should be established by the end of this year. At the moment, 18 permanent stations are already established. All stations coordinates must be determined following the conditions dictated by the Republic Geodetic Authority of Serbia, i.e., the Rule Book for establishing the GNSS permanent stations network. The coordinates of stations, the final solution, must be calculated from three consecutive uninterrupted daily sessions as a combined solution of all three days. The essential condition that must be fulfilled is the daily repeatability of the coordinates of the points for the three daily solutions on the level of 10 mm in the horizontal direction and 15 mm in the vertical direction. In other words, GNSS coordinates of the permanent station can be treated as calculated and adopted as final if the differences between coordinates of the daily solution and final solution do not exceed 10 mm in the horizontal direction and 15 mm in the vertical direction. In this research, preliminary calculations of coordinates repeatability are checked using Bernese GNSS Software Version 5.2 and two online RINEX processing tools, Australian AUSPOS - Online GPS Processing Service and Canadian CSRS-PPP (Canadian Spatial Reference System Precise Point Positioning).
EXECUTION OF TOPOGRAPHIC WORKS IN ORDER TO RAISE AND DRAW AN ITINERARY FOR A TYROLEAN IN TIMIS COUNTY, ROMANIA
Authors: Barliba Luminita Livia , Barliba C. , Samfira Ionel , Ienciu Anisoara , Barliba F.C.
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the paper is to perform a topographic lifting and traction of an architectural project for the execution of a Tyrolean that is arranged on various relief forms, in a hilly area, halfway between Timisoara and Lugoj, Timis County, Romania.
The development of an adventure park in an area so close to urban settlements has a great impact on the public of all age categories. Children are the main beneficiaries of such objectives because they test their minds and, at the same time, implement an active and healthy life rate.
After the execution of this Tyrolean, the investment made will lead to the development of the area and its transformation into a tourist and leisure attraction point and the localities in the area will be an alternative for private investors or for the locals living in the city and wanting to settle in these localities. By building new opportunities for recreation, creating competitions and events, the development is acquired from many points of view: growing and establishing the population, bringing new investments and investors for the development of the area.
The proposed Tyrolean is made up of 4-5 routes established according to the degree of difficulty proposed for different children�s age categories, at the same time ensuring the safety of the user and avoiding accidents, the routes being established only on the trees of certain ages and dimensions.
In order to execute the topographic elevations, in order to achieve the situation plan, the state-of-the-art topographic, devices and methods adapted to the conditions of the field (covered with forest vegetation on most routes) were used.
GEOMETRY CHECK OF BUILDING STRUCTURES USING BIM AND TLS DATA
Authors: Erdelyi Jan , Honti Richard , Kopacik Alojz , Kyrinovic Peter
Published: February 2023

BIM (Building Information Modeling) allows the use of a virtual building model throughout the whole life cycle of the building. It is a parametric object-oriented 3D data model of a building, which contains information about structures, elements, and their parameters. The combination of the BIM model with detailed data on the as-built geometry of the building enables an effective geometry check of the structural elements, which leads to in-time intervention in the building process if needed. The requirement of effective data collection is fulfilled by the methods of 3D laser scanning and closerange photogrammetry. The paper describes the possibility of checking the geometry of buildings by comparing the design of a building (as-planned model), derived from a BIM model in the IFC exchange format, to point clouds (as-built model). The proposed approach uses extraction of the geometric parameters of the structural elements from IFC; afterward, segments the point cloud and creates the as-built model; and in the last step, the as-planned and the as-build models are compared. The advantages of the proposed approach over conventional geometry check methods are also discussed.
UPDATED DIGITAL BATHYMETRIC MODEL OF POMORIE AND BURGAS BAY, BULGARIAN BLACK SEA
Authors: Trendafilova Lyubomira , Dechev Dobroslav
Published: February 2023

Recently, the echosounder systems in the Bulgarian Black Sea shelf have become a standard method of seabed exploration. The paper presents the present-day field activity of bathymetric research, which revised available hydrographic data for the seabed. The study aims to combine and update archival bathymetric data from contemporary multibeam echo-sounding scanning and archive single-beam data. This work presents activity in the second stage of Project �Multidisciplinary study of Burgas Bay � MidBay. (Composition of a detailed digital model of the bottom relief with analysis of modern geomorphological conditions and archaeological forecasting modelling)� with a primary scientific goal to create an overall bathymetric model of the Burgas and Pomorie bays. The studied bay is strongly anthropogenically modified by the port in its southern part. The reconstruction of seafloor topography will allow the detection of substrate varieties and the identification of contemporary geomorphological bedforms and processes. A historical review of hydrographic research and geo base database was created for the seabed of the Bulgarian coastal zone in support of this study with different-year bathymetric surveys. The used data consolidate sonar mosaics, single beam, multibeam bathymetric data and raster satellite images, processed in PDS 2000, SonarWiz, and GIS environment. The coverage and density of the bathymetric data allowed the generation of a seabed digital bathymetric model with a horizontal resolution of 11 m. In addition, a bathymetric map with an interval of 0.5 m was created with high accuracy. Such a high-resolution model is an important advance in the highresolution mapping of the Bulgarian Black Sea coastal zone.
FLOOD FORMATION MECHANISM OF THE DEVASTATING FLOOD IN THE TOWN OF SVILENGRAD, REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA IN JUN� 2012
Authors: Zlatunova Daniela
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the paper is to clarify the formation mechanism of the devastating flood in the town of Svilengrad, in the Republic of Bulgaria, in June 2012.
The systemic approach is used to analyze flood formation mechanisms and improve under-standing of the complex interactions between the factors determining the formation and manifestation of floods. The spatial analysis method takes a central place in the examination of the flood formation mechanisms, using GIS as a tool for analysis. Hydraulic model for the 9 km long river section has been adapted and for this purpose a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) has been generated. Taking into account the specifics of the riverbed and the results of previous research on the design and investment process in the river area, a one-dimensional model is applied (Hydrologic Engineering Center - River Analysis System, version 5.0.3, developed by the US Corps of Military Engineers) to determine the flooded areas during the flood.
The main result of the study is the clarified flood formation mechanism in the town of Svilengrad, which occurred on 06.02.2012.
Information on the flood formation mechanism is of particular importance for the institutions responsible for flood risk assessment and management. It will allow them to formulate adequate measures for reduction of the floods risk in this part of the Maritsa River. The popularization of the results of the survey among the population of Svilengrad is a prerequisite for raising its awareness and preparedness for a more adequate response in case of a new disaster/flood.
ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION METHODS IN SOUTH-EASTERN SERBIA
Authors: Milanovic Mladen
Published: February 2023

Evapotranspiration is an important component of hydrological balance, and it represents a complex process of water evaporation form water bodies, soil and plants. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN proposed the Penman-Monteith equation as the most reliable method for calculating reference evapotranspiration. However, the application of Penman-Monteith is often limited in many regions, due to the requirement for a large amount of meteorological data. In such circumstances, it is necessary to identify an alternative method with similar efficiency.
The goal of the paper is to define the best method, out of the Hargreaves, adjusted Hargreaves, Thornthwaite, calibrated Thornthwaite and adjusted Thornthwaite methods, which gives results similar to those of the Penman-Monteith method (but does not require a wide range of input data) for South-eastern Serbia. South-eastern Serbia was observed through Nis, Vranje and Dimitrovgrad stations, for the period 1989-2018. In order to define the best match with the Penman�Monteith method, statistical indicators were used: mean bias error � MBE, mean absolute error � MAE and root mean square error � RMSE. The final results of the indicators showed that, from all the analyzed methods, the adjusted Hargreaves method matches the Penman-Monteith method best, i.e. the adjusted Hargreaves method has the following values: MBE = -0.076, MAE = 0.225 and RMSE = 0.318, which are the lowest values, compared to other methods.
ANALYSIS OF THE COMPOSITION AND CONCENTRATION OF POLLUTANTS IN RAINWATER RUNOFF
Authors: Wittmanova Reka , Hrudka Jaroslav , Stanko Stefan , Skultetyova Ivona
Published: February 2023

Due to the population increasing in urban settlements, the use of the territory and the surface variability of urban settlements are changing rapidly. The development of areas covered with impervious materials contributes to accelerating the runoff process, intensifying surface runoff concentration and the concentration of surface runoff pollution. Surface runoff from urban catchments can be characterized as the primary source of the receiving water's pollution during torrential rains. The aim of the paper is to obtain information about the quality of surface runoff from paved areas of roofs and roads in the urbanized area of the city of Trnava and about the of pollutants concentration by analyzing the quality parameters of the samples taken. Rainwater runoff sampling took place from 26 of November 2021 to 8 of April 2022. Ten samples were taken during the mentioned period. The number of samples is directly proportional to the current precipitation situation in the area. The aim was to capture the first flush due to the assumption of the highest pollution concentration in the initial phase of surface runoff formation. Due to low precipitation and insufficient surface runoff formation, the sampling was irregular. The analyzed qualitative parameters are pH, electrical conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, and nitrogen oxides. By comparing the quality of samples and air quality on individual days, we can state that air quality partially affects the quality of samples taken. By comparing the air quality and the daily total precipitation on separate sampling days, we can conclude that pollutants accumulate in the air and on paved areas during a more extended rainy period. The following precipitation event washes away paved areas and cleans the air. The surface runoff then contains a higher concentration of pollutants than the runoff from the precipitation event after a short rainless or multi-day precipitation event.
RESPON INDONESIA MENGHADAPI ANCAMAN CINA DI LAUT NATUNA UTARA DI MASA KEPEMIMPINAN PRESIDEN JOKO WIDODO
Authors: Nuans Asa Septari B.  , Gistyger Hasudungan Manullang  , Aura Fatimah Azzahra S.  , Bernadine Grace Alvania M.  , Gracella Martauli Lumbantoruan
Published: February 2023

Laut Natuna Utara merupakan isu yang hangat bagi keamanan di Indonesia dalam beberapa tahun ke belakang dikarenakan adanya klaim sepihak Cina lewat konsep Nine Dash Line pada sebagian besar perairan Laut Natuna Utara yang mencakup wilayah beberapa negara Asia Tenggara salah satunya Indonesia yang menjadi ancaman dan menimbulkan perseteruan sehingga hal ini Indonesia perlu mengambil tindakan dalam mempertahankan kedaulatannya atas Laut Natuna Utara. Penelitian ini difokuskan kepada respon yang diberikan Indonesia dalam menghadapi ancaman dari Cina di Laut Natuna Utara pada era kepresidenan Joko Widodo. Adapun, metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif. Untuk pengumpulan datanya memakai teknik library research yaitu sumber bacaanya diperoleh dari internet berupa jurnal, artikel, buku, dan website yang berkaitan dengan studi kasus yang dipilih oleh peneliti. Terdapat tiga respon Indonesia dalam menanggapi ancaman Cina terhadap Laut Natuna Utara yakni, melakukan diplomasi pertahanan dengan Australia, Jepang dan Amerika Serikat. Selanjutnya, melakukan peningkatan kekuatan dengan memperkuat postur dari TNI AL dan TNI AU serta mendirikan Pangkalan Militer di Kepulauan Natuna. Respon terakhir dari Indonesia adalah menggunakan arbitrase internasional. Respon yang diberikan oleh Indonesia telah menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia dengan tegas siap untuk melawan Cina terkait isu Laut Natuna Utara.
PERAN KETUA MASYARAKAT HUKUM ADAT MEWUJUDKAN PEMILIHAN UMUM SERENTAK YANG BERMARTABAT PADA TAHUN 2024
Authors: Rizky Karo Karo  , Debora Pasaribu  , Dwi Putra Nugraha  , Graceyana Jennifer
Published: February 2023

Pemilihan Umum Serentak lanjutan pada tahun 2024 merupakan pesta demokrasi terbesar yang akan dinikmati oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Salah satu pemilih adalah masyarakat hukum adat, dan diharapkan partisipasi memilihnya meningkat serta berintegritas. Selama ini partisipasi masyarakat adat tidak terlalu besar, hal ini menurut peneliti disebabkan karena ketidak tahuan masyarakat desa akan pentingnya pemilu bagi peningkatan kehidupan mereka. Bagaimana peran Ketua Masyarakat Hukum Adat mewujudkan pemilihan umum serentak yang bermartabat pada tahun 2024?; Kedua, Bagaimana korelasi Ketua Masyarakat Hukum Adat dengan masyarakat hukum adat untuk menghindari penurunan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pemilu? Data penelitian adalah data sekunder (penelitiankepustakaan), dan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasi penelitian pertama, Ketua Masyarakat Hukum Adat (MHA) memiliki peranan penting, Ketua MHA menjadi panutan Masyarakat Hukum Adat (MHA). Ketua MHA wajib untuk memberitahukan untuk memilih sesuai integritas, memperingatkan MHA bahwa MHA dapat dikenakan pemidanaan apabila menyebarkan berita bohong ataupun ujaran kebencian. Kedua, Ketua MHA dapat berpartisipasi untuk mengingatkan agar MHA menjadi pemilih dalam Pemilu Serentak pada tahun 2024. Kesimpulannya adalah masyarakat hukum adat seyogyanya memilih calon yang berintegritas pada pemilihan umum.
Optimalisasi Badan Pemerintah Daerah Terhadap UU No. 13 Tahun 2019 Tentang Pemantauan dan Evaluasi Peraturan Daerah Perspektif Teori Keadilan Bermartabat
Authors: Fransiscus Xaverius Wartoyo  , Teguh Prasetyo
Published: February 2023

Wewenang dan tugas DPD-RI yang baru itu diatur dalam Pasal 249 ayat (1) UU tentang Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (UU MD3). Kewenangan dan tugas DPD-RI dimaksud adalah melakukan pemantauan dan evaluasi terhadap Rancangan Peraturan Daerah (Ranperda) dan Peraturan Daerah (Perda), yang dilaksanakan dalam kerangka harmonisasi legislasi antara Pusat dan Daerah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode penelitian hukum normatif (legal research) merupakan studi dokumen yang menggunakan sumber bahan hukum berupa peraturan perundang-undangan, keputusan/ketetapan pengadilan, kontrak/perjanjian, teori hukum, dan pendapat para sarjana. Wewenang dan tugas baru DPD-RI sebagai rezim hukum lembaga perwakilan dalam Pasal 249 ayat (1) huruf (j) UU MD3 adalah tugas pengawasan atas Ranperda dan Perda, yang sudah urgen untuk segera direalisasikan. Seperti telah dipahami oleh Pimpinan DPD-RI, adanya kewenangan dan tugas yang baru dari DPD-RI tersebut adalah adanya tuntutan untuk memperbaiki mekanisme pemantauan dan evaluasi rancangan Perda dan Perda yang selama ini telah diatur dalam berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan dengan adanya keterlibatan DPD-RI. Sudah tepat, bahwa keterlibatan DPD-RI sebagai lembaga perwakilan daerah, termasuk dalam ruang lingkup lembaga perwakilan di Indonesia, dengan fokus pada integrasi dan ekspresi kepentingan masyarakat dan daerah. DPD -RI melalui  wewenang dan tugas yang baru harus terus memposisikan konteks pemantauan dan evaluasi (melakukan pengawasan atas Ranperda dan Perda dalam kerangka representasi daerah).
Literasi Digital di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 03 Batok, Kabupaten Bogor: Bentuk Penguatan Nilai Ketahanan Nasional
Authors: Pierre Mauritz Sundah  , Rizky Karo Karo
Published: February 2023

Latar belakang penulisan ini adalah teknologi, informasi, digitalitasi adalah hal yang sangat dekat dengan masyarakat namun tingkat pemanfaatan serta literasi akan hal tersebut masih belum merata. Dengan tidak meratanya literasi terutama literasi digital dalam masyarakat menyebabkan terjadinya kesenjangan digital. Oleh karena itu sosialisasi mengenai literasi digital perlu untuk dilakukan agar terjadinya pemerataan tingkat literasi digital dalam masyarakat. Kesenjangan digital terlihat terjadi dalam SDN 03 Batok, Kabupaten Bogor. Kondisi tersebut terjadi karena kurangnya sarana dan prasarana yang mendukung di sekolah baik bagi guru maupun siswa, pelajaran TIK yang masih untuk siswa kelas lima atau enam saja hingga kurangnya pengetahuan guru mengenai literasi digital. Berangkat dari permasalahan itu maka Universitas Pelita Harapan (UPH) melakukan sosialisasi kepada Guru di SDN 03 Batok. Rumusan masalah yang diangkat yakni bagaimana manfaat sosialiasi literasi digital sebagai bentuk penguatan nilai ketahanan nasional? Tujuannya agar para Guru memiliki pengetahuan mengenai literasi digital dan dapat membagikannya kepada siswa, orang tua siswa dan masyarakat sekitar. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian hukum normatif empiris, penulisan ini merupakan dari hasil Pengabdian kepada masyarakat bersama mahasiswa. Penulis mengelaborasi data lapangan dengan data sekunder berupa bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier untuk dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian adalah sosialiasi terhadap literasi digital memiliki manfaat bagi guru di SDN 03 Batok. Sosialisasi bagi guru ini diharapkan dapat diteruskan oleh guru tersebut kepada siswa, orang tua siswa dan masyarakat sekitar. Selain literasi digital, dilakukan juga sosialisasi untuk memberantas berita bohong di media sosial. Kesimpulan tulisan ini bahwa literasidigital memiliki manfaat bagi pelbagai pihak, dan harus sering disosialisasikan.
Ketahanan Ideologi (Pancasila) di Masyarakat pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Admin Hastangka
Published: February 2023

Tulisan ini merupakan riset fenomenologi sosial dan politik yang berkembang di wilayah DIY dalam kurun waktu 10 tahun terakhir ini.Riset ini memfokuskan tentang dinamika sosial dan politik yang berkaitan dengan ketahanan nasional pada wilayah secara khusus berkaitan dengan ideologi dan kebangsaan. Persoalan persoalan kebangsaan yang terjadi 10 tahun terakhir secara nasional pada dasarnya mengarah pada empat isu utama yaitu politik identitas, politisasi agama, intoleransi, dan konflik ideologis yang berpengaruh pada pelemahan nilai nilai Pancasila. Konflik ideologis ini dapat ditelusuri dari munculnya gerakan radikalisme, fundamentalisme, dan aksi terorisme yang mengarah pada ancaman akan keutuhan bangsa dan negara dan ketahanan nasional. Tujuan dari tulisan ini berupaya mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis tentang fenomena sosial dan politik kebangsaan yang terjadi di wilayah melalui studi kasus di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi sosial dan politik melalui observasi dan penelusuran dokumen fata dan data data terkait isu isu ideologis dan kebangsaan yang diberitakan melalui media cetak baik elektronik maupun cetak tentang DIY.  Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian  ini menggunakan analisis kritis dan induktif untuk mendapatkan esensi dari persoalan yang muncul.  Hasil  dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ketahanan ideologi di masyarakat pada masa pandemi covid 19 semakin melemah karena situasi dan kondisi sosial, politik, dan ekonomi yang juga melemah. Masuknya ideologi baru semakin mudah melalui media sosial dan elektronik untuk membawa ideologi baru berpotensi memperlemah ketahanan nasional. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ketahanan ideologi di masyarakat kurang tangguh dan perlu diperkuat dengan mengembalikan nilai nilai Pancasila.