bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMBUATAN SEDIAAN TEH CELUP DAUN SAGA (Abrus precatorius Linn) DAN DAUN SIRIH (Piper betle ) UNTUK OBAT KUMUR
Authors: Puspita Sri , Yanto Elih Sutisna , Farhan Farhan
Published: February 2021

Latar Belakang: Obat kumur yang beredar di pasaran masih banyak yang mengandung etanol yang berfungsi sebagai antiseptik, namun etanol pada obat kumur dapat membuat permukaan jaringan lunak mulut (mukosa) menjadi kering serta rasa pedas berlebih pada obat kumur, sehingga obat kumur yang tidak mengandung etanol justru lebih popular.

Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat dan menguji stabilitas sediaan teh celup dari daun saga (Abrus precatorius Linn)dan daun sirih (Piper betle )untuk obat kumurdengan melakukan uji organoleptik selama tiga minggu.

Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian tindakan dengan instrumen penelitian menggunakan lembar pengamatan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara membuat simplisia dari daun saga dan daun sirih lalu dibuat sediaan. Susut pengeringan daun saga adalah 4,40% sedangkan daun sirih adalah 4,37%. Formula sediaan yang dibuat berdasarkan perbandingan 50:50. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara perlakuan penyimpanan sediaan pada suhu yang berbeda yaitu suhu kamar dan suhu sejuk. Pengujian stabilitas sediaan dengan pengamatan organoleptik, yaitu warna, bau, rasa dan bentuk.

Hasil: Hasil menunjukan bahwa sediaan yang disimpan pada suhu kamar dan suhu sejuk relatif stabil, karena dapat bertahan lebih dari tiga minggu tanpa ada perubahan dalam warna, rasa dan bentuk. Hasil pada penyimpanan suhu kamar didapatkan bau khas daun sirih kuat, sedangkan pada penyimpanan suhu kamar didapatkan bau khas daun sirih lemah.

Simpulan: Stabilitas sediaan yang baik adalah sediaan yang disimpan pada suhu sejuk, karena sediaan tidak mengalami perubahan yang signifikan baik itu rasa, warna, bau, dan bentuk sediaan.
PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PENGOBATAN TRADISIONAL BERDASARKAN PENDIDIKAN DI KABUPATEN PURWAKARTA
Authors: Puspariki Jenta , Suharti Suharti
Published: February 2021

Latar Belakang: Penggunaan obat kimia dalam waktu lama dapat menimbulkan penyakit baru karena banyak organ tubuh rusak akibat obat kimia. Sadar akan bahaya tersebut, masyarakat mulai mengurangi penggunaan obat kimia dan beralih ke obat-obat tradisional. Meskipun penggunaan obat tradisional sudah banyak namun data pendidikan pengguna obat tradisional masih sedikit. Informasi latar belakang pendidikan diteliti karena pendidikan yang dimiliki dapat mempengaruhi persepsi salah satunya persepsi terhadap obat tradisional.

Tujuan: Mengeksplorasi persepsi masyarakat tentang pengobatan tradisional berdasarkan pendidikan.

Metode: Penelitian eksplanatif asosiatif yang bersifat kualitatif. Subjek penelitiannya masyarakat Kabupaten Purwakarta sebanyak 137 orang. Pemilihan dan pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode conditional sampling, yang dianalisis menurut skala Ridwan (2003). Pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner.

Hasil: Kelompok tidak pernah kuliah (TPK) memiliki persepsi dan animo sangat setuju dan setuju terhadap obat tradisional sebesar 78,7%, S1 62,7% dan pada S2/S3 66%. Kelompok TPK  setuju dan sangat setuju pengobatan tradisional memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan dengan persentase 81,9%, S1 70,3% dan S2/S3 76,7%. Kelompok TPK setuju dan sangat setuju pengobatan tradisional cukup memberi bukti menyembuhkan penyakit dengan persentase 67,4%, S1 51,8% dan S2/S3 50%. Kelompok TPK setuju dan sangat setuju fasilitas pengobatan tradisional masih seadanya sebesar 80,4%, S1 yang setuju sebesar 50,6% dan S2/S3 yang setuju sebesar 50%.

Simpulan: Persepsi dan animo terhadap obat tradisional dan potensi pengembangan obat tradisional menunjukan persentase yang besar pada kelompok TPK, selanjutnya S2/S3 kemudian S1. Untuk pengobatan tradisional cukup memberi bukti penyembuhan penyakit dan fasilitas praktik pengobatan tradisional menunjukan persentase yang besar pada kelompok TPK, selanjutnya S1 dan yang terakhir S2/S3.
GAMBARAN AKTIVITAS FISIK DAN KEBUGARAN JASMANI MAHASISWI DI KABUPATEN PURWAKARTA
Authors: Akbar Ali , Haryanto Irwan , Herutomo Tomi , Lisnawati Naintina
Published: February 2021

Latar belakang: Kebugaran jasmani mempunyai peran penting bagi mahasiswi untuk menunjang prestasi belajar, mengerjakan tugas, praktikum dan kegiatan organisasi. Dampak kebugaran yang tidak baik dapat menyebabkan menurunnya tingkat konsentrasi pada mahasiswi sehingga dapat menurunkan prestasi belajar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui gambaran aktivitas fisik dan kebugaran jasmani pada mahasiswi di Kabupaten Purwakarta.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian observasional analitik menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Subjek dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 66 mahasiswi dalam bidang kesehatan di Kabupaten Purwakarta. Aktivitas fisik diukur menggunakan recall aktivitas fisik 1x24 jam dan kebugaran jasmani diukur dengan metode Harvard Step Test. Analisis data yang digunakan  yaitu analisis deskriptif, antara lain mean, frekuensi, dan persentase.

Hasil:  Sebagian besar subjek (72,7%) mempunyai tingkat aktivitas fisik ringan, sedangkan 43,9% dan 34,8% subjek masing-masing termasuk mempunyai tingkat kebugaran jasmani kurang dan sangat kurang. Subjek dengan aktivitas fisik ringan cenderung mempunyai tingkat kebugaran jasmani kurang.

Simpulan: Mahasiswi bidang kesehatan di Kabupaten Purwakarta cenderung mempunyai tingkat aktivitas fisik ringan dan kebugaran jasmani kurang.
FORMULASI TISU BASAH BAWANG MERAH (Allium Cepa var. Ascalonicum) DENGAN MINYAK ADAS (Oleum Foeniculum Vulgare) SEBAGAI KOMPRES DEMAM ALAMI
Authors: Nurani Alfiyyah Zulfa , Ratnasari Dewi , Helmiawati Yusi
Published: February 2021

Latar Belakang: Demam adalah suatu keadaan dimana suhu tubuh diatas normal yaitu diatas 38°C. Demam dapat diredakan dengan pengobatan sintetis dan pengobatan tradisional, salah satu tanaman obat yang dapat digunakan dalam pengobatan tradisional untuk mengendalikan demam adalah bawang merah (Allium Cepa var. Ascalonicum). 
Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat tisu basah dari bawang merah (Allium Cepa var. Ascalonicum) dengan minyak adas (Oleum Foeniculum Vulgare) sebagai kompres demam instan atau siap pakai yang mengandung bahan alami.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan (Action Research) menggunakan instrumen penelitian berupa lembar observasi dan angket uji kesukaan. Sediaan dibuat dengan komposisi antara bawang merah : minyak adas (12:1, 12:2, 12:3).
Hasil: Menunjukkan hasil sediaan tisu basah yang tahan lama dan stabil selama 3 minggu penyimpanan pada suhu ruangan 20°C-25°C secara uji organoleptik dengan proposi formula yang paling disukai responden adalah formula 3 dengan penambahan minyak adas sebanyak 3 ml yaitu aroma 84% dan warna 88%.
Simpulan: Tisu basah stabil dalam penyimpanan selama 3 minggu pada suhu ruangan dan sediaan yang paling disukai oleh masyarakat yaitu formula ketiga dengan penambahan minyak adas sebanyak 3 ml.
PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PENGOBATAN TRADISIONAL BERDASARKAN PERBEDAAN JENIS KELAMIN
Authors: Djamaluddin Agus , Putra Risa Kota , Ratnasari Dewi
Published: February 2021

Latar Belakang: Masyarakat di Indonesia khususnya masyarakat yang bertempat tinggal di kabupaten Purwakarta secara turun temurun telah menggunakan ramuan tradisional sebagai alternatif pengobatan, dan akhir-akhir ini semakin marak produk-produk yang berbahan herbal di pasaran. Pengguna obat tradisional ini mencakup berbagai kalangan mulai dari anak-anak sampai orang dewasa. Maraknya penggunaan obat tradisional di masyarakat, tidak sejalan dengan tersedia data mengenai siapa yang merupakan konsumen paling tinggi dan bagaimana dampaknya terhadap kesehatan mereka.
Tujuan Penelitian: Mengeksplorasi persepsi masyarakat terkait pengobatan tradisional berdasarkan perbedaan Jenis Kelamin.
Metode: Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu eksplanatif asosiatif. Subjek penelitian adalah masyarakat Kabupaten Purwakarta Propinsi Jawa Barat yang berjumlah 137 orang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode conditional sampling. Instrumen penelitian berubah lembar observasi.
Hasil:  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 137 responden memiliki pengetahuan dan animo terhadap pengobatan tradisional (cukup: 58,3%), percaya pengobatan tradisional memiliki potensi dikembangkan sebagai upaya kesehatan (kuat: 61,5%), percaya upaya pengobatan kesehatan dapat menyembuhkan (cukup: 52,6%), percaya bahwa fasilitas praktik pengobatan tradisional belum terstandarisasi (cukup: 54,3%).
Simpulan: Kelompok responden wanita dibandingkan terhadap kelompok pria memiliki persepsi lebih rendah terhadap potensi pengembangan pengobatan tradisional, memiliki tingkat kepercayaan lebih rendah pada kemampuan penyembuhan dari pengobatan tradisional, memiliki tingkat kepercayaan yang lebih tinggi bahwa pengobatan tradisional belum terstandarisasi, namun relatif memiliki persepsi yang sama sesuai pengetahuan dan animo terhadap pengobatan tradisional.
Haplo-diplontic life cycle expands coccolithophore niche
Authors: de Vries Joost , Monteiro Fanny , Wheeler Glen , Poulton Alex , Godrijan Jelena , Cerino Federica , Malinverno Elisa , Langer Gerald , Brownlee Colin
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Coccolithophores are globally important marine calcifying phytoplankton that utilize a haplo-diplontic life cycle.
The haplo-diplontic life cycle allows coccolithophores to divide in both life cycle phases and potentially expands coccolithophore niche volume. Research has, however, to date largely overlooked the life cycle of coccolithophores and has instead focused on the diploid life cycle phase of coccolithophores. Through the synthesis and analysis of global scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coccolithophore abundance data (n=2534), we find that calcified haploid coccolithophores generally constitute a minor component of the total coccolithophore abundance (≈ 2 %–15 % depending on season).
However, using case studies in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea, we show that, depending on environmental conditions, calcifying haploid coccolithophores can be significant contributors to the coccolithophore standing stock (up to ≈30 %). Furthermore, using hypervolumes to quantify the niche of coccolithophores, we illustrate that the haploid and diploid life cycle phases inhabit contrasting niches and that on average this allows coccolithophores to expand their niche by ≈18.8 %, with a range of 3 %–76 % for individual species. Our results highlight that future coccolithophore research should consider both life cycle stages, as omission of the haploid life cycle phase in current research limits our understanding of coccolithophore ecology. Our results furthermore suggest a different response to nutrient limitation and stratification, which may be of relevance for further climate scenarios. Our compilation highlights the spatial and temporal sparsity of SEM measurements and the need for new molecular techniques to identify uncalcified haploid coccolithophores. Our work also emphasizes the need for further work on the carbonate chemistry niche of the coccolithophore life cycle.
The seasonal phases of an Arctic lagoon reveal the discontinuities of pH variability and CO2 flux at the air–sea interface
Authors: Miller Cale A. , Bonsell Christina , McTigue Nathan D. , Kelley Amanda L.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The western Arctic Ocean, including its shelves and coastal habitats, has become a focus in ocean acidification research over the past decade as the
colder waters of the region and the reduction of sea ice appear to promote the uptake of excess atmospheric CO2. Due to seasonal sea ice
coverage, high-frequency monitoring of pH or other carbonate chemistry parameters is typically limited to infrequent ship-based transects during
ice-free summers. This approach has failed to capture year-round nearshore carbonate chemistry dynamics which is modulated by biological metabolism
in response to abundant allochthonous organic matter to the narrow shelf of the Beaufort Sea and adjacent regions. The coastline of the Beaufort Sea
comprises a series of lagoons that account for > 50 % of the land–sea interface. The lagoon ecosystems are novel features that cycle between
“open” and “closed” phases (i.e., ice-free and ice-covered, respectively). In this study, we collected high-frequency pH, salinity,
temperature, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) measurements in association with the Beaufort Lagoon Ecosystems – Long Term Ecological Research program – for an entire calendar year
in Kaktovik Lagoon, Alaska, USA, capturing two open-water phases and one closed phase. Hourly pH variability during the open-water phases are some
of the fastest rates reported, exceeding 0.4 units. Baseline pH varied substantially between the open phase in 2018 and open phase in 2019 from ∼ 7.85
to 8.05, respectively, despite similar hourly rates of change. Salinity–pH relationships were mixed during all three phases, displaying no
correlation in the 2018 open phase, a negative correlation in the 2018/19 closed phase, and a positive correlation during the 2019 open phase. The high frequency of pH variability
could partially be explained by photosynthesis–respiration cycles as correlation coefficients between daily average pH and PAR were 0.46 and 0.64
for 2018 and 2019 open phases, respectively. The estimated annual daily average CO2 efflux (from sea to atmosphere) was
5.9 ± 19.3 mmolm-2d-1, which is converse to the negative influx of CO2 estimated for the coastal Beaufort Sea
despite exhibiting extreme variability. Considering the geomorphic differences such as depth and enclosure in Beaufort Sea lagoons, further
investigation is needed to assess whether there are periods of the open phase in which lagoons are sources of carbon to the atmosphere, potentially
offsetting the predicted sink capacity of the greater Beaufort Sea.
The Future of Conferences
Authors: Gibson Hazel , Illingworth Sam , Buiter Susanne
Published: February 2021

Abstract. In the spring of 2020, as the coronavirus swept across the globe, millions of people were required to make drastic changes to their lives to help contain the impact of the virus. Among those changes, scientific conferences of every type and size were forced to cancel or postpone in order to protect public health. Included in these was the European Geosciences Union (EGU) 2020 General Assembly, an annual conference for Earth, planetary and space scientists, scheduled to be held in Vienna, Austria, in May 2020. After a six-week pivot to an online alternative, attendees of the newly designed EGU20: Sharing Geoscience Online took part in the first geoscience conference of its size to go fully online. This paper explores the feedback provided by participants following this experimental conference and identifies four key themes that emerged from analysis of the questions: what did people miss from a regular meeting; and to what extent did going online impact the event itself, both in terms of challenges and opportunities? The themes identified are: connection, engagement, environment, and accessibility; and include discussions of the value of informal connections and spontaneous scientific discovery during conferences, the necessity of considering the environmental cost of in-person meetings, and the opportunities for widening participation in science by investing in accessibility. The responses in these themes cover both positive and negative experiences of participants and raise important questions about what conference providers of the future will need to do to meet the needs of the scientific community in the years following the coronavirus outbreak.
Are OpenStreetMap building data useful for flood vulnerability modelling?
Authors: Cerri Marco , Steinhausen Max , Kreibich Heidi , Schröter Kai
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Flood risk modelling aims to quantify the probability of flooding and the
resulting consequences for exposed elements. The assessment of flood
damage is a core task that requires the description of complex flood damage
processes including the influences of flooding intensity and vulnerability
characteristics. Multi-variable modelling approaches are better suited for
this purpose than simple stage–damage functions. However, multi-variable
flood vulnerability models require detailed input data and often have
problems in predicting damage for regions other than those for which they have
been developed. A transfer of vulnerability models usually results in a
drop of model predictive performance. Here we investigate the questions
as to whether data from the open-data source OpenStreetMap is suitable to model
flood vulnerability of residential buildings and whether the underlying
standardized data model is helpful for transferring models across regions. We
develop a new data set by calculating numerical spatial measures for
residential-building footprints and combining these variables with an
empirical data set of observed flood damage. From this data set random
forest regression models are learned using regional subsets and are tested
for predicting flood damage in other regions. This regional split-sample
validation approach reveals that the predictive performance of models based
on OpenStreetMap building geometry data is comparable to alternative
multi-variable models, which use comprehensive and detailed information
about preparedness, socio-economic status and other aspects of residential-building vulnerability. The transfer of these models for application in
other regions should include a test of model performance using independent
local flood data. Including numerical spatial measures based on
OpenStreetMap building footprints reduces model prediction errors (MAE – mean absolute error – by
20 % and MSE – mean squared error – by 25 %) and increases the reliability of model predictions
by a factor of 1.4 in terms of the hit rate when compared to a model that
uses only water depth as a predictor. This applies also when the models
are transferred to other regions which have not been used for model
learning. Further, our results show that using numerical spatial measures
derived from OpenStreetMap building footprints does not resolve all
problems of model transfer. Still, we conclude that these variables are
useful proxies for flood vulnerability modelling because these data are
consistent (i.e. input variables and underlying data model have the same
definition, format, units, etc.) and openly accessible and thus make it
easier and more cost-effective to transfer vulnerability models to other
regions.
Interactions of plutons and detachments,
comparison of Aegean and Tyrrhenian granitoids
Authors: Jolivet Laurent , Arbaret Laurent , Le Pourhiet Laetitia , Cheval-Garabedian Florent , Roche Vincent , Rabillard Aurélien , Labrousse Loïc
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Back-arc extension superimposed on mountain belts leads to distributed normal faults and shear zones, interacting with magma emplacement in the crust. The composition of granitic magmas emplaced at this stage often involves a component of crustal melting. The Miocene Aegean granitoids were emplaced in metamorphic core complexes (MCC) below crustal-scale low-angle extensional shear zones and normal faults. Intrusion in such contexts interacts with extension and shear along detachments, from the hot magmatic flow within the pluton root zone to the colder ductile and brittle deformation along the detachment. A comparison of the Aegean plutons with the Elba Island MCC in the back-arc region of the Apennines subduction shows that these processes are characteristic of pluton-detachment interactions in general and we discuss a conceptual emplacement scenario, tested by numerical models. Mafic injections within the partially molten lower crust above the hot asthenosphere trigger the ascent within the core of the MCC of felsic magmas, controlled by the strain localization on persistent crustal scale shear zones at the top that guide the ascent until the brittle ductile transition is reached during exhumation. Once the system definitely enters the brittle regime, the detachment and the upper crust are intruded while new detachments migrate upward and in the direction of shearing. Numerical models reproduce the geometry and the kinematic evolution deduced from field observations.
ÖĞRETMENLERİN ÖRGÜTSEL GÜÇ MESAFESİ ALGILARININ İNCELENMESİ (DİYARBAKIR İLİ ÖRNEĞİ)
Authors: ÇAVDAR Mahmut
Published: February 2021

ÖZET
Bu araştırmanın amacı, öğretmenlerin örgütsel güç mesafesine ilişkin algılarını belirlenmek ve çeşitli değişkenler (cinsiyet, meslekteki görev süresi, görev yapılan eğitim kademesi vb.) açısından incelenmektir.Araştırmanın çalışma evrenini, Diyarbakır ili Merkez ilçelerindeki öğretmenler oluşturmaktadır. Tesadüfi biçimde seçilen 117’si kadın (%46.80) ve 133’ü(%53.20) erkek olmak üzere toplamda 250 öğretmen ise araştırmanın örneklemini meydana getirmektedir. Araştırmanın verileri 2019-2020 eğitim öğretim yılı bahar döneminde Örgütsel Güç Mesafesi Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır.
Araştırmaya katılan öğretmenlerin güç mesafesi algılarına bakıldığında, genel olarak düşük güç mesafesi sergiledikleri görülmektedir. Boyutlar bazında incelendiğinde öğretmenlerin güç mesafesi algıları; gücü kabullenme boyutunda orta derecede, güce razı olma ve gücü araçsal kullanma boyutlarında düşük, gücü meşrulaştırma boyutunda ise çok düşük düzeyde çıkmıştır. Öğretmenlerin örgütsel güç mesafesi algılarında cinsiyet değişkeni açısından anlamlı bir farka rastlanmamıştır. Görev yapılan eğitim kademesi açısından incelendiğinde ise gücü kabullenme ve gücü meşrulaştırma boyutlarında anlamlı fark olmadığı saptanmış; gücün araçsal kullanımı ile güce razı olma boyutlarında ise görev yapılan eğitim kademesine göre anlamlı fark tespit edilmiştir. Öğretmenlerin örgütsel güç mesafesi algıları ile meslekteki görev süreleri arasındaki ilişki incelendiğinde gücün araçsal kullanımı ile meslekteki görev süresi arasında negatif yönde ve zayıf olmakla birlikte istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Fakat bu ilişki çok zayıf olduğundan istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı çıksa da pratikte anlamlı olduğunu ifade etmek pek de mümkün değildir. Meslekteki görev süresinin, örgütsel güç mesafesinin diğer boyutlarıyla ilişkisi ise istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bulunmamıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Örgüt, Güç,Örgütsel Güç Mesafesi
AS DIRETRIZES CURRICULARES PARA O CURSO DE PEDAGOGIA: UMA EXPRESSÃO DA EPISTEMOLOGIA DA PRÁTICA
Authors: Rodrigues Marli de Fátima , Kuenzer Acácia Zeneida
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo apresenta reflexão desenvolvida acerca das concepções e debates que permearam a aprovação do Parecer 05/2005, em 13 de dezembro, pelo Conselho Pleno do Conselho Nacional de Educação, que trata das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o Curso de Pedagogia, Licenciatura. Nesta análise foi possível constatar que as políticas atuais de formação de professores e pedagogos estão assentadas numa visão pragmática e tecnicista de formação do educador, pela ênfase que colocam na dimensão instrumentalizadora do conhecimento, atendendo a uma concepção que privilegia a prática em detrimento da teoria: a epistemologia da prática. Essa base epistemológica tem fornecido o suporte para a defesa da centralidade na docência, resultando na redução do campo epistemológico da Pedagogia segundo as atuais diretrizes.
AVALIAÇÃO EM DOIS TEMPOS NO TRABALHO COM O TEXTO
Authors: Fairchild Thomas Massao
Published: February 2021

Se o ensino de Língua Portuguesa vem acolhendo diversas formas de trabalho pautadas na unidade do texto, a continuidade de um modelo de análise lingüística preponderantemente oltado para o âmbito intra-oracional não tem fornecido critérios claros de avaliação nesse nível. Este artigo apresenta dois exemplos de exercícios com base nos quais se discute uma forma de avaliar a leitura e escrita no âmbito do texto, lançando mão, para tanto, de elementos da Lingüística Textual. O tipo de avaliação que se propõe dá-se em dois tempos: um momento “prognóstico”, em que, a partir da produção do aluno, procura-se levantar questões específicas a serem ensinadas; e um momento “diagnóstico”, em que se elaboram instrumentos para verificar os efeitos do trabalho em classe sobre as questões específicas levantadas inicialmente.
EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS: AS DIMENSÕES POLÍTICA, PROFISSIONAL E PESSOAL NA FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5212/OlharProfr.v.11i1.103122
Authors: Rosa Ana Cristina Silva da , Prado Edna
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo constitui parte de um estudo sobre a formação docente na Educação de Jovens e Adultos - EJA. Seu objetivo é discutir a formação desse educador no contexto da sua atuação, considerando as dimensões política, profissional e pessoal. Revisão bibliográfica, entrevistas, questionários, análise curricular e documentos foram utilizados como procedimentos metodológicos no estudo. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que embora a falta de verbas, a má estruturação das salas de aula, a ausência de investimentos na formação profissional sejam alguns exemplos dos maiores problemas vivenciados pelos educadores que optam em trabalhar com a EJA, o comprometimento político e a realização pessoal têm se mostrado como os principais aspectos positivos para que o educador da EJA se mantenha como um profissional comprometido.
PROBLEMATIZANDO OS PCNEM+ PARA A ATIVIDADE DOCENTE DE FILOSOFIA - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5212/OlharProfr.v.11i1.123135
Authors: Jacinski Edson , Vitkowski José Rogério
Published: February 2021

Resumo: O presente texto estabelece um diálogo com os PCN+ e explora a relação entre filosofia, educação e ensino, a partir da prática educacional auto-reflexiva dos autores, fecundada pela perspectiva teórica de Deleuze e Felix Guatari. Pretende-se aqui explicitar alguns dos principais sentidos da atividade filosófica na educação formal  secundária buscando-se elementos que possibilitem revitalizar a atividade docente. Desse modo, a abordagem se dá a partir da perspectiva do ensino, problematizando posturas didático-pedagógicas e as ambigüidades da inserção institucional da Filosofia como disciplina, sem descurar da necessária demarcação epistêmica. A abordagem de tais questões opera-se a partir da perspectiva da metarreflexão sobre a própria filosofia, sugerindo-se a superação do ensino da Filosofia como atividade meramente contemplativa, reflexiva ou comunicativa e propondo-se pensá-la na ótica deleuziana como criação de conceitos, o que pode permitir uma ressignificação da tradição filosófica, redimensionando criticamente o olhar sobre o cotidiano.
Estimating Optimal Inflation Rate in Saudi Arabia: Using Dynamic Threshold Regression Model
Authors: Alsabban Soleman O. , Alnuwaiser Sarah N.
Published: February 2021

This study evaluates the relationship between inflation and the output gap in Saudi Arabia. Specifically, it determines a level of optimal inflation for the output gap given the changes in the economic cycle. The novelty of this study’s research question is linking optimal inflation with the non-oil output gap in Saudi Arabia by constructing a dynamic threshold regression model. The estimation is carried out by using a yearly time series from 1981 to 2019. The variables used in our model are based on existing economic theories that have established a correlation between the GDP gap as the dependent variable and inflation, money supply, and total exports as explanatory variables. The results obtained in this study suggest the existence of a threshold level of inflation of which the turning point is located at 3 percent.
Als Künstler und Kartograph im Heiligen Land (1851/52)
Authors: Faehndrich Jutta
Published: February 2021

When the Dutch cartographer and landscape painter Charles William Meredith van de Velde embarked for Palestine in 1851, he planned nothing less than to measure the Holy Land on his own. The Christian world had long asked for a map based on modern surveying technology. But the Ottoman Empire, to which Palestine had belonged since the end of the Crusades, had little interest in cartography. Van de Velde's motivation was his Protestant faith and his calling, but also the artistic engagement with the places in the Bible that he had seen with his own eyes. His travelogue and 100 fascinating views of the country, many of which are reprinted here for the first time, bear witness to this. Jutta Faehndrich tells the captivating story of this unusual captain, cartographer and artist and explores the striking differences between his three Palestines in pictures, text and map.
Ousia comme nom déverbal dans la philosophie première d’Aristote
Authors: Fazzo Silvia ,   Editua Polirom
Published: February 2021

The initial dilemma. I.1. The gradual rise of the Metaphysics. I.2. A bold contribution from textual history. I.3. A new perspective on late ancient commentaries. I.4. First philosophy or Metaphysics? I.5. Can tradition be ignored? II. ‘Being’ and οὐσία at the core of Aristotle’s theoretical research. II.1. Ontology as a science of ‘being’ in Aristotle: “What is X?” in the foreground. II.2. The first caveat: the copula function of Aristotle’s ‘being’. II.3. The definite article τό as quotation marks before the flexed forms of ‘be’: τὸ ὄν, τὸ εἶναι, τὸ ἔστιν. II.4. Further explanations about Aristotle’s ‘being’. III. Οὐσία, the core of Aristotle’s theoretical philosophy. III.1. οὐσία and the criterion of pre‑eminence as Plato’s legacy. III.2. The dialectical roots of ontology. III.3. οὐσία from Zeta to Lambda. III.4. οὐσία as essence and οὐσία as substance. III.5. οὐσία as a syntactical core; the word’s etymology. III.6. οὐσία as the first sense of being in Aristotle’s first philosophy. III.7. Ontology as science, science of the science. IV. Historicizing: the semantic gap. IV.1. Editorial tradition: ontology and οὐσία as a fil rouge in the order of Metaphysics books. IV.2. οὐσία in the first century B.C. IV.3. οὐσία by Alexander of Aphrodisias. IV.4. Metaphysics and its purpose: the role of the Lambda book. IV.5. Being and οὐσία: a relationship lost over time. IV.6. The Aristotelian tradition as a way to cooperation.
Substance et essence, entre Aristote et Thomas d’Aquin
Authors: Berti Enrico ,   Editua Polirom
Published: February 2021

The article shows that Thomas Aquinas in many of his works (De ente et essentia, Summa theologiae, Sententia in Aristotelis Metaphysicam) interprets the passage Aristot. Metaph. II 1, 993 19‑31, as expounding a theory of degrees of truth and of being, which is not the true Aristotelian doctrine. This is due to the fact that he interprets ≪the eternal things≫, mentioned by Aristotle in that passage, as the heavenly bodies, and their principles as the unmoved movers, while Aristotle is speaking of the eternal truths, i.e. the truths of scientific knowledge, and of their principles, which are the axioms. The origin of Thomas’ interpretation is the commentary by Alexander of Aphrodisias, which Thomas knew via Averroes.
Essere e vita in Plotino (VI, 2 [43]; III, 7 [45]).
Authors: Chiaradonna Riccardo ,   Editua Polirom
Published: February 2021

This paper focuses on Plotinus’ account of life and being in treatises VI, 2 [43] On the genera of being and III, 7 [45] On eternity and time. Life and being play a key role in Plotinus’ ontology since they characterise incorporeal realities as such (life and being cannot be drawn from the analysis of bodies). Therefore, focusing on these items makes it possible to attain an account of intelligible reality according to the principles appropriate to it. Three issues are considered: (1) the cognitive process through which the soul grasps being and life when it turns its cognitive activity away from the bodies and reverts to itself (VI, 2, 4‑6); (2) the status of being and life as genera of the intelligible reality (life is equivalent to intelligible motion: VI, 2, 7); (3) Plotinus’ account of life as the way of being typical of intelligible realities (III, 7); (4) his gradualist account of the hierarchy of life (III, 8 [30], 8; VI, 3 [44], 7; I, 4 [46], 3).
L’οὐσία et ses degrés dans le Timée de Platon
Authors: Fronterotta Francesco ,   Editua Polirom
Published: February 2021

This article examines the problem of the status of the different degrees of being that Plato, in the Timaeus, seems to attribute to the different kinds of reality that he distinguishes. In what sense and under what conditions is it possible to state that the intelligible forms, the sensible things and the spatial and material substratum of the chora “are” and “exist” ?
Les expressions de l’essence dans la traduction et le commentaire du Timée par Calcidius (IVe siècle)
Authors: Bakhouche Béatrice ,   Editua Polirom
Published: February 2021

Expressing ‘essence’ in the translation and commentary of Timaeus by Calcidius (4th c. p.D.) depends on Platonist terminology which is not completely stabilised. We will see how, in his translation, Calcidius translated Greek words as οὐσία or φύσις, but also how he used the word substantia whereas there was no expression of essence in the Greek text. The Latin commentator used both essentia and substantia, but the latter quite often. However, in doing so, he weakened the meaning of the word substantia. Lastly, Calcidius translated into Latin and used Greek no‑Platonist expressions with a very specific signification of ‘essence’.
On Meaning without Use
Authors: Keiser Jessica ,   Journal of Philosophy Inc.
Published: February 2021

This paper defends the use-based metasemantic project against the problem of meaning without use, which allegedly shows the predictions of use-based metasemantic accounts to be indeterminate with respect to unusably long or complex expressions. This criticism is commonly taken to be decisive, prompting various retreats and contributing to the project’s eventual decline. Using metasemantic conventionalism as a case study, I argue the following: either such expressions do not belong to used languages or their meanings are uniquely determined by use. Thus, the alleged problem of meaning without use offers no challenge to the use-based metasemantic project generally, nor to conventionalism in particular.
A Sideways Look at Faithfulness for Quantum Correlations
Authors: Evans Peter W. ,   Journal of Philosophy Inc.
Published: February 2021

Despite attempts to apply causal modeling techniques to quantum systems, Wood and Spekkens argue that any causal model purporting to explain quantum correlations must be fine tuned; it must violate the assumption of faithfulness. This paper is an attempt to undermine the reasonableness of the assumption of faithfulness in the quantum context. Employing a symmetry relation between an entangled quantum system and a “sideways” quantum system consisting of a single photon passing sequentially through two polarizers, I argue that Wood and Spekkens’s analysis applies equally to this sideways system also. As a result, we must either reject a causal explanation in this single photon system, or the sideways system must be fine tuned. If the latter, a violation of faithfulness in the ordinary entangled system may be more tolerable than first thought. Thus, extending the classical “no fine-tuning” principle of parsimony to the quantum realm may be too hasty.
Publication Rates of Pediatric-Focused Resident Research Projects Presented at The Pediatric Pharmacy Association Bruce Parks Memorial Residency Showcase
Authors: Miller Jamie L. , Lewis Teresa V. , Walling Jennifer , O'Donnell Abriel , Neely Stephen B. , Johnson Peter N.
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVES

The primary objective was to identify the number of residency projects presented at the Pediatric Pharmacy Association (PPA) Bruce Parks Memorial Residency Showcase that were subsequently published. Secondary objectives included a comparison of subsequent publications after residency completion between those who did and did not publish their residency project and an analysis of factors associated with subsequent publications.

METHODS

This was a descriptive study including all pediatric-focused resident projects presented at the PPA Bruce Parks Memorial Residency Showcase from 2006 to 2015. Literature searches for all the pediatric-focused residency projects and any subsequent publications were performed. Data collection included residency type (i.e., postgraduate year 1 [PGY1], postgraduate year 2 [PGY2]), project category, and initial position after residency. A zero-inflated Poisson regression was used to analyze subsequent publication status while controlling for other factors. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS/STAT, with a priori p value < 0.05.

RESULTS

There were 434 projects presented by 401 residents. Seventy-four (17.1%) were published, with the majority being PGY2s (74.3%). Subsequent publications were identified for 162 residents (40.4%), with a higher percentage in those who published their pediatric-focused residency project versus those who did not, 59.5% versus 32.8%, p < 0.001. Factors associated with subsequent publications were those who published their residency project, initial position in academia, and PGY2s.

CONCLUSIONS

Of the residency projects presented at the showcase <20% were subsequently published. Those who published their residency research project were more likely to have subsequent publications. Future efforts should be taken to ensure that residents have the tools/confidence to independently publish their research/scholarship.
Osmolality of Commonly Used Oral Medications in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Shah Dhara D. , Kuzmov Andriy , Clausen Dana , Siu Anita , Robinson Christine A. , Kimler Katelin , Meyers Rachel , Shah Pooja
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVE

The administration of hyperosmolar oral products in neonates has been associated with gastrointestinal complications. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a maximum osmolality of 450 mOsm/kg for formulas and enteral nutrition for term infants, and recent studies reported intolerance to enteral nutrition with osmolality above 500 mOsm/kg in low birthweight infants. The osmolality of medications administered to neonates is often not available in the literature or from manufacturers. The purpose of this study was to determine the osmolality of oral medications commonly administered to neonates in the NICU.

METHODS

Fifty-two oral medications were chosen for this study, including solutions, suspensions, syrups, elixirs, and intravenous solutions administered orally. The osmolality of each medication was measured in triplicate by using freezing point depression.

RESULTS

Thirty-seven of the 43 medications with measurable values (86.1%) had an osmolality greater than 500 mOsm/kg, and 6 medications (14%) had an osmolality less than 500 mOsm/kg. Nine medications did not result in a value.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study provides osmolality data on oral medications commonly used in neonates with most oral medications having an osmolality greater than 500 mOsm/kg.
Impact of Body Habitus on the Outcomes of Pediatric Patients With Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Moffett Brady S. , Allen Joseph , Khichi Mahmood , McCann-Crosby Bonnie
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVE

To determine whether obese and overweight pediatric patients with new onset diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) treated with continuous infusion insulin have increased time to subcutaneous insulin initiation or adverse events as compared with patients with normal body habitus.

METHODS

A retrospective, cohort study was designed that included patients 2 to 18 years of age admitted with new onset DKA who received continuous infusion insulin from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2017. Patients were stratified according to BMI percentile with the primary outcome of time to initiation of subcutaneous insulin. Secondary endpoints included time to minimum beta-hydroxybutyrate, and incidence of hypoglycemia or other adverse events.

RESULTS

A total of 337 patients (46.6% male, 9.6 ± 3.8 years of age) met study criteria. Patients were classified by body habitus as obese (7.7%, n = 26), overweight (7.1%, n = 24), normal body weight (58.8%, n = 198), or underweight (26.4%, n = 89), based on BMI percentile. Most patients were initiated on insulin at 0.1 unit/kg/hr (86.7%) for 16.7 ± 7.0 hours. Time from continuous infusion insulin initiation to subcutaneous insulin was not different between body habitus groups, nor was hypoglycemia or the use of mannitol (p > 0.05). Median time to lowest beta-hydroxybutyrate was greater for obese (26.4, IQR [13.9, 41.9]) and overweight (32.4, IQR [18.3, 47.0]) groups than for normal body habitus patients (16.5, IQR [12.3, 23.8]) (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Time to subcutaneous insulin and adverse events was not associated with body habitus, but obese and overweight patients may have delayed beta-hydroxybutyrate clearance.
The Museum and the Killing Jar
Authors: Bailey Andrew Remington
Published: February 2021

Within the Animal Crossing series, players have always had the ability to collect insects and then donate them to a museum where they can then be permanently exhibited. This paper makes the argument that this collecting and exhibiting of game objects works to reflect many of the ways that videogames have begun to take up an increasingly prominent place within real world  institutional exhibitions, archives, and collections. Through a conjoined lens that is equally informed by games preservation, etymology, and art history this essay works to unpack the intricacies of how the museum and collecting function with the Animal Crossing series. This examination of Animal Crossing will then be applied more broadly to two museums (the MoMA and the V&A) exhibition case studies, making the comparative argument that overtly taxonomic methods of display and archiving can work to deaden videogames’ inherently mutable vitality. By speculatively thinking of videogames as things akin to the bugs of Animal Crossing, to be kept alive throughout the archival process rather than dead objects to be preserved, a new, more productive lens of videogame curation can be gleaned.
Not Just a Slice: Animal Crossing and a Life Ongoing
Authors: Straznickas Gracie Lu
Published: February 2021

This paper defines and examines a genre of videogames I call slice of life and reflects upon the use and appeal of the genre for different audiences. I develop an account of the slice of life genre by defining three critical traits: the mundane activities comprising most of the game time, the normativity of social interactions within the world, and the ongoingness of the game world in the absence of the player. Utilizing a journal and experience-based methodology, I present my own experience with chronic pain and pain management to assess how Animal Crossing: New Leaf, a game that falls into this slice of life category, was useful to me as a disabled player. My analysis not only reveals a connection between my experience in Animal Crossing: New Leaf and pain management, but also offers insight into how the slice of life genre involves different metagames for different audiences. Future work may address more case studies in further development of the slice of life genre as well as how it impacts different audiences.
Eventos híbridos, eventos con futuro
Authors: Estanyol i Casals Elisenda
Published: February 2021

Después de un año de pandemia, los eventos han tenido que transformarse. Los actos presenciales han debido aplicar todas las medidas de prevención para evitar los contagios, mientras que, en otras ocasiones, la alternativa ha sido convertirlos en actos virtuales. Sin embargo, al pensar en los eventos del futuro, los expertos consideran que se consolidará un nuevo formato: los eventos híbridos.
A Slow Burning Fire
Authors: Ilić Marko
Published: February 2021

The first comprehensive study of the former Yugoslavia's diverse and groundbreaking alternative art scenes from the 1960s to the 1980s.

This first comprehensive study of the former Yugoslavia's alternative art scene tells the origin stories of some of the most significant artists of the late twentieth century. In Yugoslavia from the late 1960s to the late 1980s, state-supported Students' Cultural Centers became incubators for new art. This era's conceptual and performance art—known as Yugoslavia's New Art Practice—emerged from a network of diverse and densely interconnected art scenes that nurtured the early work of Marina Abramović, Sanja Iveković, Neue Slowenische Kunst (NSK), and others. In this book, Marko Ilić examines Yugoslavia's New Art Practice in light of the political upheavals of the 1980s.

Countering the usual binary of official versus unofficial art, Ilić shows that the Students' Cultural Centers were an expression of Yugoslavia's “third way” political and economic system, which was founded on workers' self-management. Ilić examines key actions, gestures, and propositions affiliated with the New Art Practice, including the conceptual and dematerialized art practices that emerged from Zagreb's Student Center Gallery, the struggle of Belgrade's Students' Cultural Center (where Abramović performed her career-defining Rhythm 5), to break into the international art scene, the pre-Žižek culture of Ljubljana, and Sarajevo's miraculous dokumenta, held in the midst of Yugoslavia's disintegration.
An atlas of neural crest lineages along the posterior developing zebrafish at single-cell resolution
Authors: Howard Aubrey GA , Baker Phillip A , Ibarra-García-Padilla Rodrigo , Moore Joshua A , Rivas Lucia J , Tallman James J , Singleton Eileen W , Westheimer Jessa L , Corteguera Julia A , Uribe Rosa A
Published: February 2021

Neural crest cells (NCCs) are vertebrate stem cells that give rise to various cell types throughout the developing body in early life. Here, we utilized single-cell transcriptomic analyses to delineate NCC-derivatives along the posterior developing vertebrate, zebrafish, during the late embryonic to early larval stage, a period when NCCs are actively differentiating into distinct cellular lineages. We identified several major NCC/NCC-derived cell-types including mesenchyme, neural crest, neural, neuronal, glial, and pigment, from which we resolved over three dozen cellular subtypes. We dissected gene expression signatures of pigment progenitors delineating into chromatophore lineages, mesenchyme cells, and enteric NCCs transforming into enteric neurons. Global analysis of NCC derivatives revealed they were demarcated by combinatorialhoxgene codes, with distinct profiles within neuronal cells. From these analyses, we present a comprehensive cell-type atlas that can be utilized as a valuable resource for further mechanistic and evolutionary investigations of NCC differentiation.
Structural basis of Stu2 recruitment to yeast kinetochores
Authors: Zahm Jacob A , Stewart Michael G , Carrier Joseph S , Harrison Stephen C , Miller Matthew P
Published: February 2021

Chromosome segregation during cell division requires engagement of kinetochores of sister chromatids with microtubules emanating from opposite poles. As the corresponding microtubules shorten, these ‘bioriented’ sister kinetochores experience tension-dependent stabilization of microtubule attachments. The yeast XMAP215 family member and microtubule polymerase, Stu2, associates with kinetochores and contributes to tension-dependent stabilization in vitro. We show here that a C-terminal segment of Stu2 binds the four-way junction of the Ndc80 complex (Ndc80c) and that residues conserved both in yeast Stu2 orthologs and in their metazoan counterparts make specific contacts with Ndc80 and Spc24. Mutations that perturb this interaction prevent association of Stu2 with kinetochores, impair cell viability, produce biorientation defects, and delay cell cycle progression. Ectopic tethering of the mutant Stu2 species to the Ndc80c junction restores wild-type function in vivo. These findings show that the role of Stu2 in tension-sensing depends on its association with kinetochores by binding with Ndc80c.
Failure to progress
Authors: Greig Duncan , Ono Jasmine
Published: February 2021

Experiments on yeast cells that are hosts to a killer virus confirm that natural selection can sometimes reduce fitness.