bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is a Non-Transition Element Nitride Ferromagnet Ever Achievable? Indication of the N-N Pairing Instability
Authors: Grochala Wojciech
Published: November 2006

The enthalpy of four polymorphs of CaN has been scrutinized at 0 and 100 GPa using density functional theory calculations. It is shown that structures of diamagnetic calcium diazenide (Ca2N2) are preferred over the cubic ferromagnetic polymorph (CaN) postulated before, both at 0 and 100 GPa.
Synthesis of a 1α,4'-Di-O-allylated, 2,3,2',3'-Tetra-O-tetradecylated Lipid A Mimic and Its 4-O-(4-Methoxybenzyl) Precursor
Authors: Baráth Marek , Petrušová Mária , Hirsch Ján , Petruš Ladislav
Published: November 2006

Compound18mimicking lipid A, containing D-glucose instead of D-glucosamine moieties in its gentiobiose skeleton,O-tetradecyl groups at the C-2, C-3, C-2' and C-3' instead of the ester- and amide-linked fatty acids, andO-allyl groups at the C-1α and C-4' replacing the phosphate groups, was synthesized by the Schmidt trichloroacetamidate method in a combined 8% yield of 13 steps. Allyl 4,6-O-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-α-D-glucopyranoside (1) and methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-glucopyranoside (4) were starting materials for preparation of the respectiveO-alkylated andO-allylated glycosyl donor and sugar nucleophile. While boron trifluoride etherate in dichloromethane catalysed a highly preferential formation of the required β-(1→6)-glycosidic bond, α-linked lipidodisaccharide was a major product when trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate was used as a catalyst, in both cases independently of the anomeric configuration of the starting imidate. Prolonged treatment with acid catalysts in the coupling step was exploited also for a one-pot removal of the intermediate 4-O-(4-methoxybenzyl) protection of the target mimic18of lipid A.
Symbiosis-regulated expression of an acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase gene in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor
Authors: Hiremath Shiv T. , Balasubramanian Sujata , Zheng Jun , Podila Gopi K.
Published: November 2006

The ectomycorrhiza is a symbiotic organ generated from the intricate association of fungal hyphae and plant root. The establishment of the ectomycorrhiza is a coordinated process of cross-talk between plant and fungus, followed by metabolic, developmental, and structural changes in the fungus, resulting in its growth toward the root. The initial stages of the symbiotic association are significant, since the direction of the association is determined by the gene expression level shifts that occur at this time. We have isolated a Laccaria bicolor (Maire) Orton cDNA clone corresponding to acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (Lb-AAT), which is expressed during interaction with red pine roots and is symbiosis regulated. Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.9) is an enzyme of the β-oxidation pathway that degrades long-chain fatty acids to acetyl-CoA. Expression of Lb-AAT is regulated by plant presence, by glucose, and by the presence of acetate or oleate in the medium. It is proposed that the role of Lb-AAT in the symbiosis is generation of two carbon compounds from stored lipids and generation of acetoacetyl-CoA in early interaction facilitating net growth from existing cell material. These results coupled with recent microarray analysis that revealed coordinated expression of malate synthase and other lipid metabolism genes along with Lb-AAT, suggest that this role for Lb-AAT could be an important part of preinfection process in ectomycorrhizal symbiosis and in the transfer and utilization of the carbon in the fungus.
CHARM HADRONIC DECAY BRANCHING FRACTIONS FROM CLEO-C
Authors:   For the CLEO Collaboration., ONYISI PETER
Published: November 2006

The CLEO-c experiment at the CESR e+e- storage ring has collected data with E cm = 3.77 GeV and E cm ~ 4.17 GeV to study the decays of charmed mesons. This paper discusses results on the hadronic branching fractions of the D0, D+, and [Formula: see text].
Searches for Rare Leptonic and Semileptonic Charm Decays at BABAR
Authors: Jackson Paul D.
Published: November 2006

Recent results from leptonic and semi-leptonic charm decays at the BABARB–factory are presented. The measurement of fDs from the [Formula: see text] channel is presented. Form-factor studies from the [Formula: see text] channel are described along with a search for flavor-changing neutral-current [Formula: see text] decays.
DALITZ ANALYSES: A TOOL FOR PHYSICS WITHIN AND BEYOND THE STANDARD MODEL
Authors: PENNINGTON M. R.
Published: November 2006

Dalitz analyses are introduced as the method for studying hadronic decays. An accurate description of hadron final states is critical not only to an understanding of the strong coupling regime of QCD, but also to the precision extraction of CKM matrix elements. The relation of such final state interactions to scattering processes is discussed.
Charm Dalitz Analyzes from CLEO-c
Authors:   CLEO Collaboration, Wilson Synchrotron Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A., Dubrovin Mikhail
Published: November 2006

In this conference presentation I discuss CLEO-c opportunities in Dalitz plot analyzes with the data samples available now and projected by the end of CESR-c run. Using 281 pb-1 of e+e- collisions at mass of ψ(3770) we present results of the Dalitz plot analysis of D+ → π-π+π+. Using the CLEO-c and CLEO III samples of 5 pb-1, accrued at mass of ψ(2S), we study three body decays of χcJ produced in the radiative decay ψ(2S) → γχcJ, where J=0,1,2. A clear signal from at least one of χcJ is found in eight final states: π+π-η, π+π-η′, K+K-π0, [Formula: see text], ηK+K-, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]. For these modes we measured or set an upper limit on the branching fraction. A Dalitz plot analysis is performed on three modes χc1 → π+π-η, K+K-π0, and [Formula: see text].
Searches for Pentaquarks at the B-Factories
Authors: Yabsley B. D.
Published: November 2006

The results of pentaquark searches at the B -factories are reviewed. No pentaquark signal has been seen; the resulting bounds (on pentaquark production rates, branching fractions, and widths) vary in strength, and in their relationship to positive results from other experiments.
The Significance of HEP Observations
Authors: Porter Frank C.
Published: November 2006

The subject of determining the significance of observations in particle physics is discussed. Several dangers are identified, all related to the problem of knowing the sampling probability distribution. Techniques for mitigating these pitfalls are presented.
CHARM AND CHARMONIUM SPECTROSCOPY FROM B-FACTORIES
Authors: PALANO ANTIMO
Published: November 2006

New and recent results are presented on charm and charmonium spectroscopy from BABAR experiment at SLAC. In particular, measurements on DsJ states branching fractions have been performed both in B-decays and inclusive [Formula: see text] interactions. Here a search for Dsj(2632) has been performed and a new DsJ state at a mass of 2.856 GeV /c2 has been observed. A search for Y(4260) has been performed in exclusive [Formula: see text] production from initial-state radiation.
RECENT ψ(2S) RESULTS FROM CLEO
Authors:   Representing the CLEO Collaboration., METREVELI ZAZA
Published: November 2006

Latest experimental results, obtained from the ψ(2S) data, collected with the CLEO detector are reviewed.
TAU PHYSICS FROM B FACTORIES
Authors: LAFFERTY G. D.
Published: November 2006

Some recent τ-physics results are presented from the BaBar and Belle experiments at the SLAC and KEK B factories, which produce copious numbers of τ-lepton pairs. Measurements of the tau mass and lifetime allow to test lepton universality and CPT invariance, while searches for lepton-flavour violation in tau decays are powerful ways to look for physics beyond the Standard Model. In semihadronic, non-strange tau decays, the vector hadronic final state is particularly important in helping determine the hadronic corrections to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, while studies of strange final states are the best available ways to measure the CKM matrix element V us and the mass of the strange quark.
TAU PHYSICS NEAR THRESHOLD
Authors: STAHL ACHIM
Published: November 2006

The presentation summarizes the excellent experimental conditions for tau physics at a tau-charm factory. A rough overview of the physics potential is given.
PHOTOCATALYTIC REACTION OF ACETONE ON MESOPOROUS CHROMIUM SILICATE
Authors: KATOH MASAHIRO , HORIKAWA TOSHIHIDE , TOMIDA TAHEI
Published: November 2006

Cr -containing mesoporous silicates ( Cr -FSM-16) were prepared and characterized by several spectroscopic analyses. Their photocatalytic reactivity for acetone under UV- and visible-light irradiations has been investigated and the effect of adsorption on the reactivity was discussed. XPS spectra showed the Cr -oxide moieties were in the mesoporous framework of FSM-16. The UV-VIS spectra of the Cr -FSM-16 exhibited three distinct absorption bands, which could be assigned to charge transfer from O 2- to Cr 6+ of the tetrahedrally coordinated moieties. In particular, the band at 460 nm was assigned to the symmetry-forbidden nature of the 1 A 1 → 1 T 1 transition of tetrahedral Cr -oxide. The absorption showed Cr -FSM-16 has the photocatalytic reactivity under visible light irradiation. Acetone was adsorbed strongly on Cr -FSM-16, and then adsorbed acetone was decomposed to CO 2 and H 2 O on Cr -FSM-16 under visible light irradiation. But the amount of CO 2 produced was much less than the stoichiometric amount of CO 2 calculated from adsorbed acetone. This may be due to adsorption of acetone, and/or CO 2 on Cr -FSM-16.
RECOVERY CHARACTERISTIC FOR SHAPE MEMORY EFFECT UNDER THE CONDITION OF HEATING WITH CONSTRAINT STRAIN
Authors: OKITA KEISUKE , OKABE NAGATOSHI , SATOH TOMOYUKI , SAKUMA TOSHIO
Published: November 2006

A new constitutive equation is proposed based on the series combined model, considering the generation of slip deformation, due to the recovery stress in heating under constraint strain, as well as external stress in loading. The martensite volume fractions in the constitutive equation were distinguished into three kinds: un-reoriented martensite, reoriented martensite and plastic damaged martensite. And the critical stress for the slip deformation, generated through the reverse transformation, in a constraint strain-heating process, was clarified experimentally and introduced into the constitutive equation. Moreover, the validity of our constitutive equation has been confirmed by experimentation conducted under various constraint strain-heating conditions in the recovery process.
EFFECT OF RAPID THERMAL ANNEALING ON THE Mg-DOPED GaN/Si FILM
Authors: ZHU LIPING , YE ZHIZHEN , NI XIANFENG , ZHAO ZHE , ZHAO BINGHUI
Published: November 2006

Mg -doped GaN films have been successfully prepared on Si (111) substrate by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Upon rapid thermal annealing (RTA) treatment, the films showed p-type conductivity with a carrier density of 7.84 cm-3, a mobility of 5.54 cm2V-1s-1, and a resistivity of about 0.144 Ωcm, which were much better than that of the films without rapid thermal annealing (RTA) treatment. It was found that the surface morphology and crystal quality of the obtained p-type GaN films were greatly improved by RTA treatment, while the residual stress and dislocations in these films were decreased.
MATERIAL FLOW IN THE UPPER WELD ZONE DURING FRICTION STIR WELDING
Authors: CHEN Z. W. , PERIS R. , MAGINNESS R.
Published: November 2006

Friction stir welding (FSW) experiments were conducted, using a work hardened aluminium alloy and a cast aluminium alloy followed by examination focusing on the upper weld zone. The examination has revealed the feature of the major forward flow due to the forward motion of the shoulder. A thin shear layer was identified between the tool shoulder and the workpiece with a distinctive shear flow direction. The thickness of the shear layer was alloy dependent. An embedded layer in the upper weld zone has also been identified. The flow phenomena leading to this will be discussed. A velocity profile in the shear layer, based on the apparent alignment of Si particles in the cast alloy after FSW, has suggested a dominant sliding contact condition.
CHARACTERIZATION OF TITANIUM PHOSPHATE AS ELECTROLYTES IN FUEL CELLS
Authors: TRAN A. T. T. , DUKE M. C. , GRAY P. G. , DINIZ DA COSTA J. C.
Published: November 2006

Titanium phosphate is currently a promising material for proton exchange membrane fuel cells applications (PEMFC) allowing for operation at high temperature conditions. In this work, titanium phosphate was synthesized from tetra iso-propoxide (TTIP) and orthophosphoric acid ( H 3 PO 4) in different ratios by a sol gel method. High BET surface areas of 271 m2.g-1 were obtained for equimolar Ti:P samples whilst reduced surface areas were observed by varying the molar ratio either way. Highest proton conductivity of 5.4×10-2 S . cm -1 was measured at 20°C and 93% relative humidity (RH). However, no correlation was observed between surface area and proton conductivity. High proton conductivity was directly attributed to hydrogen bonding in P - OH groups and the water molecules retained in the sample structure. The proton conductivity increased with relative humidity, indicating that the Grotthuss mechanism governed proton transport. Further, sample Ti/P with 1:9 molar ratio showed proton conductivity in the order of 10-1 S.cm-1 (5% RH) and ~1.6×10-2 S . cm -1 (anhydrous condition) at 200°C. These proton conductivities were mainly attributed to excess acid locked into the functionalized TiP structure, thus forming ionisable protons.
FATIGUE STRENGTH ASSESSMENT OF THE FILLET WELDED CRUCIFORM JOINTS
Authors: KIM DAE-JIN , SEOK CHANG-SUNG , KOO JAE-MEAN
Published: November 2006

In this study, fatigue tests to obtain S - N curves and FE analyses to obtain structural stress concentration factors were conducted for two types of fillet welded cruciform joints, that is, load-carrying and non load-carrying types. The obtained S - N curve of the load-carrying joint was changed to that based on hot-spot stress. As a result, the S - N curve of the load-carrying joint based on hot-spot stress almost coincided with that of the non load-carrying joint based on nominal stress. The fatigue strength of a welded joint which has a different geometry from that of the non load-carrying cruciform joint but the same bead profile as that of the non load-carrying cruciform joint could be estimated by using both the structural stress concentration factor at the weld toe position obtained from FEM and the nominal S - N curve of the non load-carrying cruciform joint from experiment.
A STUDY ON FRETTING BEHAVIOR IN ROOM TEMPERATURE FOR INCONEL ALLOY 690
Authors: KWON JAE DO , CHAI YOUNG SUCK , BAE YONG TAK , CHOI SUNG JONG
Published: November 2006

The initial crack under fretting condition occurs at lower stress amplitude and lower cycles of cyclic loading than that under plain fatigue condition. The fretting damage, for example, can be observed in fossil and nuclear power plant, aircraft, automobile and petroleum chemical plants etc. INCONEL alloy 690 is a high-chromium nickel alloy having excellent resistance to many corrosive aqueous media and high-temperature atmospheres. This alloy is used extensively in the industries of nuclear power, chemicals, heat-treatment and electronics. In this paper, the effect of fretting damage on fatigue behavior for INCONEL alloy 690 was studied. Also, various kinds of tests on mechanical properties such as hardness, tension and plain fatigue tests are performed. Fretting fatigue tests were carried out with flat-flat contact configuration using a bridge type contact pad and plate type specimen. Through these experiments, it is found that the fretting fatigue strength decreased about 43% compared to the plain fatigue strength. In fretting fatigue, the wear debris is observed on the contact surface, and the oblique micro-cracks are initiated at an earlier stage. These results can be used as the basic data in a structural integrity evaluation of heat and corrosion resistant alloy considering fretting damages.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION ON CERAMIC COATINGS UNDER SPHERICAL INDENTATION WITH METALLIC INTERLAYER- PART I: UNCRACKED COATINGS
Authors: LE MINH-QUY , YI JIN-WO , KIM SEOCK-SAM
Published: November 2006

Radial stress distribution and plastic damage zones evolution in ceramic coating/metallic interlayer/ductile substrate systems under spherical indentation were investigated numerically by axisymmetric finite element analysis (FEA) for a typical ceramic coating deposited on carbon steel with various indenter radius-coating thickness ratios and interlayer thickness-coating thickness ratios. The results showed that the suitable metallic interlayer could improve resistance of ceramic coating systems through reducing the peak tensile radial stress on the surface and interface of ceramic coatings and plastic damage zone size in the substrate under spherical indentation.
PSEUDO-DYNAMIC RESPONSE TESTS ON SELF-RETURNING JOINT MECHANISM USING Ni-Ti-Co ALLOY
Authors: CHOI JAE-HYOUK , OHI KENICHI
Published: November 2006

This paper deals with a beam-to-column connection using mechanical fasteners made of shape memory alloy, abbreviated as 'SMA bolt' hereafter. A flush-type endplate connection at beam-ends is arranged by use of SMA bolts, and the connection works as a super-elastic joint mechanism. This paper describes sub-structure pseudo-dynamic response tests on a super-elastic frame system with fictitious tension-bar diagonal braces. For the comparison, a similar structural system bolted by ordinary mild-steel bolts is also tested pseudo-dynamically. It was observed that the SMA bolt system returned to its original position, while the ordinary bolt system showed some permanent set after earthquakes. Additionally, response analysis based on a nonlinear-elastic model and a slip model is performed and compared with the test results.
RELIABILITY EVALUATION OF BGA SOLDER JOINTS DURING ACCELERATED LIFE TEST
Authors: LEE OUK SUB , MYOUNG NO HOON , KIM DONG HYEOK , HUR MAN JAE , HWANG SI WOON
Published: November 2006

The use of BGA (Ball Grid Array) interconnects utilizing the lead-free solder joint has grown rapidly because of its small volume and diversity of application. Thus, it requires the continuous quantification and refinement of lead-free solder joint reliability. The lead-free solder creep and cyclically applied mechanical loads cause metal fatigue on the lead-free solder joint which inevitably leads to an electrical discontinuity. In the field application, BGA solder joints experience mechanical loads during temperature changes caused by power up/down events as the result of the CTE (Coefficient of Thermal Expansion) mismatch between the substrate and the Si die. In this paper, extremely small resistance changes at joint area corresponding to through-cracks generated by thermal fatigue were measured. In this way, the failure was defined in terms of anomalous changes in electrical resistance of the joint. Furthermore the reliability of BGA solder joints in thermal cycling is evaluated by using the modified coffin-Manson criterion which may define and distinguish failure. Any change in circuit resistance according to the accumulated damage induced by the thermal cycling in the joint was recorded and evaluated in order to quantitate reliability of solder joint.
THE EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF AN ANNULAR STRUCTURE
Authors: HWANG JEONG-KI , SUH CHANG-MIN , KIM CHAE-HO
Published: November 2006

A half-scaled large structural model for an annular structure was built, and its behaviors were tested and obtained by thermal cyclic loads. The model design and test conditions were determined to take into consideration the thermal and mechanical loads acting on the annular structure by numerical methods. Temperature profiles and strains of the flexure were measured during the test. After completion of the thermal cyclic tests, no evidence of crack initiation and propagation were identified by a dye penetration test.
INFLUENCE OF ION IMPLANTATION ON OXIDATION BEHAVIOR OF TiAl
Authors: YOSHIHARA MICHIKO , TANIGUCHI SHIGEJI
Published: November 2006

The influence of alloying elements on oxidation behavior of TiAl has been investigated using an ion-implantation technique and the mechanisms were discussed. The influence can be classified into several groups according to their effects. The implantation of β-forming elements, halogens, Cu and Zn results in a significant improvement of the oxidation behavior through formation of Al 2 O 3 layer in the initial stage of oxidation. The improvement by Zn is attributed to the formation of complex oxide of Zn and selective oxidation of Al beneath the layer. The implantation of Al , Si or P is also effective. On the other hand, implantation of Ag , Se and other several elements enhance the oxidation. The deterioration by Ag or Se is explained in terms of Al depletion in the implanted layer.
EFFECT OF B2O3 ON PHYSICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF ZINC PHOSPHATE GLASSES
Authors: ALTAF M. , CHAUDHRY M. A. , BHATTI M. TARIQ
Published: November 2006

Zinc-phosphate glasses with the addition of B 2 O 3 were prepared by using the melt quench technique. These glasses had a mol% composition of 30 ZnO -x B 2 O 3 - (70-x) P 2 O 5. The quantity x had values of 10–40 mol%. The mass density of these glasses was found to be in the range of 2.4912–3.0142 g/cm3. The oxygen packing density and molar volume were estimated to lie in the range 192.385–286.026 g-atom/liter and 46.78–31.46 cm3 respectively. The absorption spectra of these glasses were recorded in the range of 190 to 1100 nm. No sharp edges were found in the optical spectra, which confirms the amorphous nature of these glasses. The optical band gap energies were determined to be in the range of 2.40–3.00 eV. A decreasing behavior in optical band gap energy was seen due to the increasing concentration of B 2 O 3. The extent of band tailing was worked out from the Urbach plots, which showed an exponential dependence of absorption coefficients on photon energies.
LYAPUNOV EXPONENT AND THE LOCALIZED PROPERTIES OF ELECTRONIC STATES OF ONE-DIMENSIONAL DISORDERED BINARY ALLOY
Authors: LIU XIAO-LIANG , XU HUI , MA SONG-SHAN , DENG CHAO-SHENG
Published: November 2006

Based on the tight-binding model of the single electron, the one-dimensional Anderson model with random binary distributed on-site energies is studied using the transfer-matrix approach. We calculate numerically the localization length, the density of the electronic states and the Lyapunov exponent. The results show that the localization length strongly depends on energies and is affected by disordered degrees to some extent. With finite size systems, the localization length presents obvious effect on the impurity concentration. While in the dilute limit there exist extended states, increasing the impurity concentration beyond a critical value destroys these extended states and the localization length over the entire energy range becomes smaller than the system size. By studying the scaling relation, we find that the localized states are stable in the thermodynamic limit. Transforming the random matrix product into a conformal map, we introduce the Lyapunov exponent, which is finite within the entire band in our model. Starting from the Lyapunov exponent, the localization length and the density of states may also be obtained.
EFFECT OF GAUSSIAN WHITE NOISE ON THE DYNAMICAL BEHAVIORS OF AN EXTENDED DUFFING–VAN DER POL OSCILLATOR
Authors: YANG XIAOLI , XU WEI , SUN ZHONGKUI
Published: November 2006

The influence induced by random noise on dynamical behaviors is a classical yet challenging subject. This paper discusses the influence of Gaussian white noise on the dynamics of a self-excited triple well extended Duffing–Van der Pol oscillator already subjected to harmonic excitation. Firstly, the condition for the rise of hom/heteroclinic chaos is derived by random Melnikov's technique under its corresponding mean-square criterion and the result indicates that the threshold amplitude of harmonic excitation is lowered by the appearance of Gaussian white noise. Moreover, the threshold is decreased as the noise intensity increases. Since the Melnikov's criterion is only a necessary condition for the occurrence of chaotic motion, this prediction is tested against numerical simulations of the basins of attraction and the Lyapunov exponents. By vanishing the largest Lyapunov exponents, another criterion for the onset of chaos is obtained which is accorded with the theoretical one. Finally, how the noise effects the structure of periodic or chaotic attractor is investigated by simulating Poincare maps of the original system and rich transition states displayed by the considered extended Duffing–Van der Pol oscillator are observed.
UNIFORMITY OF SPATIAL PHYSICAL MOTION SYSTEMS AND SPATIAL CHAOS BEHAVIOR IN THE SENSE OF LI–YORKE
Authors: LIU SHU TANG , WU SITAO , ZHONG YONG PING
Published: November 2006

In this paper, the motion law of some classical spatial physical motion systems is described, and a uniform motion system is obtained from them. The uniform motion system is analyzed and compared with the currently popular model, i.e. coupled map lattice (CML) model. CML is just one special type of the uniform motion system. In the uniform motion system, an iterative periodic orbit is constructed and the spatial chaotic behavior in the sense of Li–Yorke is studied. The proposed uniform motion system provides a reliable theoretic foundation in the application of the classical motion systems used in the field of engineering technology.
GROSS–PITAEVSKII MODEL FOR NONZERO TEMPERATURE BOSE–EINSTEIN CONDENSATES
Authors: STALIUNAS KESTUTIS
Published: November 2006

Momentum distributions and temporal power spectra of nonzero temperature Bose–Einstein condensates are calculated using a Gross–Pitaevskii model. The distributions are obtained for micro-canonical ensembles (conservative Gross–Pitaevskii equation) and for grand-canonical ensembles (Gross–Pitaevskii equation with fluctuations and dissipation terms). Use is made of equivalence between statistics of the solutions of conservative Gross–Pitaevskii and dissipative complex Ginzburg–Landau equations. In all cases the occupation numbers of modes follow a 〈Nk〉 ∝ k-2 dependence, which corresponds in the long wavelength limit (k → 0) to Bose–Einstein distributions. The temporal power spectra are of 1/fα form, where: α = 2 - D/2 with D the dimension of space.
GIANT RESONANCES AND ASYMMETRY ENERGY
Authors: MA ZHONG-YU , CHEN BAO-QIU , LIANG JUN , CAO LI-GANG
Published: November 2006

A microscopic analysis of the asymmetry energy is performed through the investigation of nuclear giant resonances in the relativistic approach. Nuclear ground state properties are calculated in an extended relativistic mean-field theory plus BCS method, where the contribution of the resonant continuum to pairing correlations is properly treated. The nuclear giant resonances are investigated in the relativistic random phase approximation (RRPA) or quasi-particle RRPA. Special emphases are paid to the correlation between the giant dipole resonance or pygmy resonance and the density dependence of the asymmetry energy.
MICROSCOPIC DESCRIPTION OF NUCLEAR WOBBLING MOTION ROTATION OF TRIAXIALLY DEFORMED NUCLEI
Authors: SHOJI TAKUYA , SHIMIZU YOSHIFUMI R.
Published: November 2006

The nuclear wobbling motion in the Lu region is studied by the microscopic cranked mean-field plus RPA method. The Woods-Saxon potential is used as a mean-field with a new parameterization which gives reliable description of rapidly rotating nuclei. The prescription of symmetry-preserving residual interaction makes the calculation of the RPA step parameter-free, and we find the wobbling-like RPA solution if the triaxial deformation of the mean-field is suitably chosen. It is shown that the calculated out-of-band B(E2) of the wobbling-like solution depends on the triaxial deformation in the same way as in the macroscopic rotor model, and can be used to probe the triaxiality of the nuclear mean-field.
RECENT PROGRESS IN RELATIVISTIC MANY-BODY APPROACH
Authors: BAN S. F. , GENG L. S. , LIU L. , LONG W. H. , MENG J. , PENG J. , YAO J. M. , ZHANG S. Q. , ZHOU S. G.
Published: November 2006

The recent progress of the relativistic many-body approach by the group at Peking University will be reviewed. In particular, the adiabatic and configuration-fixed constrained triaxial RMF approaches, triaxial RMF approach with time-odd components, a Shell-model-Like APproach (SLAP), a Reflection ASymmetric RMF (RAS-RMF) approach, and a new relativistic Hartree-Fock (RHF) approach with density-dependent σ, ω, ρ and π meson-nucleon couplings for finite nuclei and nuclear matter, will be highlighted.
EXOTIC NUCLEAR STRUCTURE PHENOMENA IN MEDIUM MASS NUCLEI
Authors: PETROVICI A.
Published: November 2006

Large scale nuclear structure studies within the complex Excited Vampir model involving rather large single particle basis systems as well as general two-body interactions are used to investigate exotic phenomena in medium mass nuclei. Results are presented on the influence of Coulomb induced isospin-mixing on the superallowed Fermi β decay in isovector triplets of nuclei, as well as the mechanism responsible for the generation of magnetic bands in the A ≃ 80 mass region.
STRUCTURE OF THE DRIP LINE NUCLEI PROBED BY SEPARATION ENERGIES
Authors: DLOUHÝ ZDENĚK
Published: November 2006

The derivation of two-neutron separation energies from the direct mass measurement of the neutron-rich nuclei at GANIL has enabled us to establish new neutron magic numbers N=6 and 16 in neutron-rich region for the first time instead of normal 8 and 20 and to confirm the existence of new doubly magic nuclei 8 He and 24 O . Adjunction of a proton to the new doubly magic nuclei 8 He and 24 O enable to accept two or more neutrons by these nuclei and form, respectively, the neutron halo 11 Li nucleus and create a very neutron-rich set of 27,29,31 F isotopes. The connection between doubly magic nuclei and the neutron halo and/or very neutron-rich odd-Z nuclei is studied by analysis of triton separation energies St of light neutron-rich nuclei.
MEASUREMENTS OF REACTION CROSS SECTION AND FRAGMENT MOMENTUM DISTRIBUTION FOR N=10 PROTON-RICH ISOTONES
Authors: GUO W. , FANG D. Q. , MA Y. G. , MA C. W. , WANG K. , YAN T. Z. , CAI X. Z. , SHEN W. Q. , SUN Z. Y. , REN Z. Z. , CHEN J. G. , CHEN J. H. , LIU G. H. , MA E. J. , MA G. L. , SHI Y. , SU Q. M. , TIAN W. D. , WANG H. W. , ZHONG C. , ZUO J. X. , HOSOI M. , IZUMIKAWA T. , KANUNGO R. , NAKAJIMA S. , OHNISHI T. , OHTSUBO T. , OZAWA A. , SUDA T. , SUGAWARA K. , SUZUKI T. , TAKISAWA A. , TANAKA K. , YAMAGUCHI T. , TANIHATA I.
Published: November 2006

The longitudinal momentum (p//) distributions of fragments after one-proton removal and reaction cross sections (σR) for several N = 10 isotones at intermediate energy (~ 70A MeV ) have been measured simultaneously at the RIken Projectile fragment Separator (RIPS). p// was measured using a direct time-of-flight (TOF) technique, while σR was determined using a transmission method. An enhanced σR is observed for 23 Al comparing with its neighbors. The p// distribution for 22 Mg fragments from 23 Al one-proton removal reaction has been obtained for the first time. The experimental data are discussed within a Few Body Glauber (FBG) framework. Analysis of p// indicates a dominant d-wave component in the ground state of 23 Al . This agrees with recent experimental results. We also suggest the possibility of an enlarged 22 Mg core for proton-rich nucleus 23 Al .
EXOTIC NUCLEAR STRUCTURES WITH ISOSPIN DEPENDENT INTERACTIONS IN RELATIVISTIC MEAN-FIELD MODELS
Authors: JIANG W. Z.
Published: November 2006

The properties of light exotic nuclei far off β-stability are studied using relativistic mean field (RMF) models considering the nonlinear isoscalar-isovector coupling terms that modify the density dependence of the symmetry energy. The ρNN tensor coupling is included. The neutron thickness of some light exotic nuclei near neutron drip lines is as uncertain as that of heavy nuclei. The uncertainty of these light exotic nuclei is enhanced by the inclusion of the ρNN tensor coupling subject to the 2s1/2 occupation of the out-layer neutrons. The charge density distribution of exotic nuclei on both sides of drip lines are considerably modified by the isospin dependent interactions. The role of multi-Λ hypernuclei in extending the drip lines are discussed.
SIGNAL DETECTION ENHANCED BY COMODULATED NOISE
Authors: BUSCHERMÖHLE MICHAEL , FEUDEL ULRIKE , KLUMP GEORG M. , BEE MARK A. , FREUND JAN A.
Published: November 2006

Signal detection in fluctuating background noise is a common problem in diverse fields of research and technology. It has been shown in hearing research that the detection of signals in noise that is correlated in amplitude across the frequency spectrum (comodulated) can be improved compared to uncorrelated background noise. We show that the mechanism leading to this effect is a general phenomenon which may be utilized in other areas where signal detection in comodulated noise needs to be done with a limited frequency resolution. Our model is based on neurophysiological experiments. The proposed signal detection scheme evaluates a fluctuating envelope, the statistics of which depend on the correlation structure across the spectrum of the noise. In our model, signal detection does not require a sophisticated neuronal network but can be accomplished through the encoding of the compressed stimulus envelope in the firing rate of neurons in the auditory system.
COOPERATIVE TRANSPORT BY SMALL TEAMS OF MOLECULAR MOTORS
Authors: KLUMPP STEFAN , MÜLLER MELANIE J. I. , LIPOWSKY REINHARD
Published: November 2006

Molecular motors power directed transport of cargoes within cells. Even if a single motor is sufficient to transport a cargo, motors often cooperate in small teams. We discuss the cooperative cargo transport by several motors theoretically and explore some of its properties. In particular we emphasize how motor teams can drag cargoes through a viscous environment.
ELECTROFUSION OF MODEL LIPID MEMBRANES VIEWED WITH HIGH TEMPORAL RESOLUTION
Authors: RISKE KARIN. A. , BEZLYEPKINA NATALYA , LIPOWSKY REINHARD , DIMOVA RUMIANA
Published: November 2006

The interaction of electric fields with lipid membranes and cells has been extensively studied in the last decades. The phenomena of electroporation and electrofusion are of particular interest because of their widespread use in cell biology and biotechnology. Giant vesicles, being of cell size and convenient for microscopy observations, are the simplest model of the cell membrane. However, optical microscopy observation of effects caused by electric DC pulses on giant vesicles is difficult because of the short duration of the pulse. Recently this difficulty has been overcome in our lab. Using a digital camera with high temporal resolution, we were able to access vesicle fusion dynamics on a sub-millisecond time scale. In this report, we present some observations on electrodeformation and –poration of single vesicles followed by an extensive study on the electrofusion of vesicle couples. Finally, we suggest an attractive approach for creating multidomain vesicles using electrofusion and present some preliminary results on the effect of membrane stiffness on the fusion dynamics.
EFFECT OF SUBSTRATE STIFFNESS ON THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CELLS
Authors: GEORGES PENELOPE C. , LEVENTAL ILYA , De JESúS ROJAS WILFREDO , TYLER MILLER R. , JANMEY PAUL A.
Published: November 2006

Most biological tissues are soft viscoelastic materials with elastic moduli ranging from approximately 100 to 100,000 Pa. Recent studies have examined the effect of substrate rigidity on cell structure and function, and many, but not all cell types exhibit a strong response to substrate stiffness. Some blood cells such as platelets and neutrophils have indistinguishable structures on hard and soft materials as long as they are sufficiently adhesive, whereas many cell types, including fibroblasts and endothelial cells spread much more strongly on rigid compared to soft substrates. A few cell types such as neurons appear to extend better on very soft materials. The different response of astrocytes and neurons to the stiffness of their substrate results in preferential growth of neurons on soft gels and astrocytes on hard gels, and suggests that preventing rigidification of damaged central nervous system tissue after injury may have utility in wound healing. How cells sense substrate stiffness is unknown. One candidate protein, filamin A, which responds to externally derived stresses, was tested in melanoma cells. Cells devoid of filamin A retain the ability to sense substrate stiffness, suggesting that other proteins are required for stiffness sensing.
The Japanese Experience with Population Ageing and the Financing of Social Security, Health and other Social Services for the Elderly: Lessons for Other Nations
Authors: Lit Phua Kai
Published: November 2006

This article discusses population ageing and its impact on the financing of social security, health and other social services for the Japanese elderly. These lessons include: the importance of avoiding fragmentation and complexity in public programmes; the need to anticipate the possibility of escalating costs and how to deal with this challenge; dealing with non-compliance with the law in mandatory schemes; reducing financial pressure on firms and individuals (especially during times of economic downturn); and anticipating possible service shortages either because of increased demand or because of mal-distribution of facilities and personnel.
The Evolving Role of Filial Piety in Eldercare in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Odalia , Chau Beatrice
Published: November 2006

In our study, we examine how prevalent the notion of filial piety remains in a modern Chinese society like Hong Kong as an initiative for individuals to become caregivers for their parents, and how it is practiced in actual caregiving scenarios. From the experiences of the caregivers analyzed in our paper, it can be seen that the Confucian notion of filial piety as a cultural norm still runs deep even in a post-industrial society like Hong Kong. However, the respondents in our study have adopted aspects of this filial norm to suit their own experiences and actual circumstances in their everyday caregiving practices. We also found that a relational approach to filial behavior with its emphasis on 'felt obligation' seemed to offer an apt interpretation of the respondents' motivations while engaging in caregiving for their parents. Specifically, caregiver obligations are negotiated commitments that can perhaps only be accurately interpreted in their highly personal family contexts. In addition, the notion of reciprocity, or giving back to one's parents, was also a prevalent factor, which reflected that emotional bonds binding the parents and children remained important, as was the empathy for elderly parents.
Challenges for Indian Sociology
Authors: Munshi Surendra
Published: November 2006

The failure of sociology to come to grips with larger societal issues is not just a failure of sociology in India. A widespread problem faced by the discipline at present is the reluctance to raise 'big questions'. Quite apart from the problem of 'Euroschauism' which imposes partial views as the universal view, it is necessary for sociologists in a country like India to raise the issue of social change in India and the rest of the world as a theoretical issue that demands adequate conceptualisation. Such a task demands a critical perspective. It is possible to be critical of one's culture while being rooted in it. The first step to take is to study the concerns of the average person and to look at one's society critically, not as an outsider who finds the country of his birth difficult to take but as an insider who chooses to live in his country and undergoes what everyone else is going through. Along with this is the ability to step outside one's own society, not to go away but to return.
(Han-)Chinese Cultural Appropriation of Sexual Legal Politics: Postcolonial Discourse on Law Controlling Sex Work in Hong Kong
Authors: Chiu Man-Chung
Published: November 2006

Hong Kong law, following the Anglo-American liberal legal private/public dichotomy, through decriminalization, imposes strict regulations on the development of the sex work industry. The legal regulations, besides failing to suppress the industry, reproduce a context where female sex workers are (re)pathologized and (re)marginalized by the mainstream patriarchal society. In the article, I will critically examine the underlying theories of the contemporary Hong Kong legal discourse from both the Lacanian psychoanalytic and Buddhist vijnanamatra perspectives, and argue that the Foucauldian resistance subverting the patriarchal agenda on the representation of the sex work industry could be reproduced and localized within the specific cultural context of Hong Kong, which is a predominately (Han-)Chinese society.
Residential Mobility and Social Capital in Urban Shanghai
Authors: Lai Gina , Siu Yat-Ming
Published: November 2006

Using survey data of 1200 Chinese adults residing in urban Shanghai, the present study investigates how residential moves are related to the contextual constraints, availability and mobilization of social capital for expressive actions. Our data show that residential mobility may shrink the pool of social capital of traditional sources (e.g., kin- and locality-bound) but does not hamper the activation of social capital. Recent movers and non-movers tend to be equally capable of reaching intimate ties for expressive actions when needed, although the types of activated ties are different. The most important confidant of movers tends to be younger, better-educated, employed, and non-kin-related than that of non-movers. Our results lend support to the community-transformed argument that residential mobility allows individuals to break away from traditional social constraints and gives them freedom to establish social ties of their own choice. The study also highlights the persistent importance of neighbourhoods during the period of rapid urban transformation.
Deconstruction, Ethics and Islam
Authors: Achrati Ahmad
Published: November 2006

A criticism of all totalizing knowledge, deconstruction rejects all appeals to ontological, epistemological or ethical absolutes as a metaphysics of presence. Like all postmodernist philosophies, it presents serious difficulties for traditional monotheistic theologies and their basic affirmations about the human subject. Some are apprehensive of the atheistic tendencies of deconstruction, but others have enthusiastically argued for the possibility of a theistic appropriation of postmodern themes and their hermeneutics of suspicion and finitude. This article provides an outline of the ethico-theroretical basis of deconstruction, and examines its ethical claims. Derrida's views on Islam as reflected in his discourse on hospitality are examined, and a critical evaluation of the ethical propositions of deconstruction from an Islamic perspective is presented.
From Valla to Viète: The Rhetorical Reform of Logic and its Use in Early Modern Algebra
Authors: Cifoletti Giovanna
Published: November 2006

Lorenzo Valla's rhetorical reform of logic resulted in important changes in sixteenth-century mathematical sciences, and not only in mathematical education and in the use of mathematics in other sciences, but also in mathematical theory itself. Logic came to be identified with dialectic, syllogisms with enthymemes and necessary truth with the limit case of probable truth. Two main ancient authorities mediated between logical and mathematical concerns: Cicero and Proclus. Cicero's 'common notions' were identified with Euclid's axioms, so that mathematics could be viewed as core knowledge shared by all humankind. Proclus' interpretation of Euclid's axioms gave rise to the idea of a universal human natural light of reasoning and of a mathesis universalis as a basic mathematics common to both arithmetic and geometry and as an art of thinking interpretable as algebra.
Leibniz on Mathematics, Methodology, and the Good: A Reconsideration of the Place of Mathematics in Leibniz's Philosophy
Authors: Mercer Christia
Published: November 2006

Scholars have long been interested in the relation between Leibniz, the metaphysician-theologian, and Leibniz, the logician-mathematician. In this collection, we consider the important roles that rhetoric and the "art of thinking" have played in the development of mathematical ideas. By placing Leibniz in this rhetorical tradition, the present essay shows the extent to which he was a rhetorical thinker, and thereby answers the question about the relation between his work as a logician-mathematician and his other work. It becomes clear that mathematics and logic are a part of his rhetorical methodology, because they constitute one set of tools that he used to excavate the truth. Mathematical and logical insights are thus all part of his "art of thinking," employed in the service of philosophy.
Duodenoportal fistula caused by peptic ulcer after extended right hepatectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Kinoshita Hiroyuki , Takifuji Katsunari , Nakatani Yoshihiro , Tani Masaji , Uchiyama Kazuhisa , Yamaue Hiroki
Published: November 2006

Background

A fistula between the duodenum and the main portal vein near a peptic ulcer is extremely rare, and only two cases of duodenal ulcers have been reported in the past.

Case presentation

We report a 68-year-old man with a diagnosis of anemia who had a history of extended right hepatectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma 20 months previously. The first endoscopic examination revealed a giant peptic ulcer with active bleeding at the posterior wall of the duodenal bulbs, and hemostasis was performed. Endoscopic treatment and transarterial embolization were performed repeatedly because of uncontrollable bleeding from the duodenal ulcer. Nevertheless, he died of sudden massive hematemesis on the 20th hospital day. At autopsy, communication with the main portal vein and duodenal ulcer was observed.

Conclusion

It should be borne in mind that the main portal vein is exposed at the front of the hepatoduodenal ligament in cases with previous extrahepatic bile duct resection.
Analysis of scale dependence of quantitative precipitation forecast verification: A case‐study over the Mackenzie river basin
Authors: Bousquet Olivier , Lin Charles A. , Zawadzki Isztar
Published: November 2006

Six‐hour rainfall accumulations derived from radar observations collected during a 3‐day summertime precipitation event over central Alberta (Canada) are used to assess the performance of a regional Canadian numerical weather prediction system for quantitative precipitation forecast verification. We show that radar data provide a simple and efficient way to significantly reduce model phase errors associated with misplacement of predicted precipitation patterns. Using wavelet analysis, we determine that the limiting spatial scale of predictability of the model is about six times its grid resolution for 6 h accumulated fields. The use of longer accumulation periods is shown to smooth out forecast errors that may have resulted from slight phase or time shift errors but does not change the limiting scale of predictability. The scale decomposition of the mean‐square forecast error also reveals that scales which cannot be accurately reproduced by the model account for about 20% of the total error. Using classical continuous and categorical scores, we show that significantly better model performance can be achieved by smoothing out wavelengths that cannot be predicted. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society