bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NUTRITIONAL BAR BASED ON COCOA (Theobroma cacao L.) WITH NATURAL AGGLUTINANTS WITH NO ADDED SUGARS
Authors: Rossy Rodríguez Castro  , Raquel Guerrero Chuez  , Vicente Guerron Troya  , Guiomar Posada Izquierdo
Published: November 2022

Cereal or nutritional bars are prepared products that can contain many nutrients, besides being very useful when there is little time to prepare something more elaborated (Aldaz & Tantaleán, 2019). This research's objective was to prepare a nutritional bar made from cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) using natural binders for food use, such as bee honey and mucilage honey. A completely randomized design was applied, resulting in eight treatments and six replicates. The sensory analysis was carried out with the different formulations by employing an acceptability test with a hedonic scale for semi-trained judges. To determine differences between means of the physicochemical analysis, the Tukey test was used (p ≤0.05). Furthermore, the nonparametric Kruskal Wallis test was applied to the sensory analysis, which resulted in T6 (cocoa 40% and mucilage honey 20%) as the best treatment, the microbiological analysis was performed on treatment T6 after five days of having made the product and it complies with the INEN 2085:2005 Standard for cookies or baked products, which indicates that it is suitable for human consumption. The economic analysis of the nutritional bars indicated that T6 in the 120g presentation had a production cost of $ 3.95 ctvs.
Influence of pollutants on migratory bird populations in the Palmar estuary
Authors: Tanya Annabel González Banchón  , Duque Marín Richard  , Duque Marín Richard  , Cuenca Zambrano Mayra
Published: November 2022

The study was conducted on the beach and estuary of Comuna Palmar during October 2017 to January 2018, considering a total area of 78,460 m², subdivided into A1, A2, A3, A4, respectively, for the data collection on the influence of pollutants on the existing birds in this area, for the study of birds the methodology of Antonio Cánepa & Juan Aguirre of 2002 was applied, counting 15,273 ind, distributed in 26 species of birds, migratory and resident, within the 4 study areas, the simple variance analysis showed area 2 with the greatest diversity of species and area 4 with the greatest variety of pollutants. The results showed that Magnificent Frigatebirds (Fregata magnificens), with 9,402 individuals, represented 62% of the total. A single individual of Great Blue Heron (Egretta caerulea), White Ibis (Eudocimus albus), Lesser Yellowlegs (Oceanodroma microsoma), and Lesser Yellowlegs (Tringa flavipes). A total of 2,230.32 pounds of contaminants were collected; the greatest amount of plastic mooring lines with 672.40 pounds, and the least amount of powdered resin debris with 3.2 pounds, with an incidence in the resting areas of the organisms.
Evaluation of the Immunological Efficiency for Some of COVID-19 Vaccines (Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Sinopharm) among Vaccinated People of Wasit Province in Iraq
Authors: Tahrir Ghali Resan Al-Salmi  , Jafar Abass Issa Al-Maamori
Published: November 2022

Background: Coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2) cause Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome COVID-19 pandemic in March, 2020. After Chinese scientists published the genome of the virus vaccine manufacturer produced several COVID-19 vaccines that aimed to induce a humoral and cellular immune response to prevent the fatality and harm caused by COVID-19. Existing study aimed to evaluate the immunological activity of some approved vaccines in terms of serological tests for antibodies (IgG and IgM) for the study groups in Wasit Governorate.Methods: The current study sample included (55) individuals who were vaccinated with two doses of one of the three vaccines and did not suffer from chronic health problems, (35) unvaccinated individuals of both genders. Their age ranges from 18-45 years, they were divided into two age ranges (18-31 and 32-45 years) and their vaccination history was confirmed according to a special form. The blood samples were collected from vaccinated individuals 2-4 weeks after the second dose of COVID-19 vaccine for the purpose of conducting immunological assays for immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM) and C- reactive protein (CRP) using ELISA kits.Results: The results of serological immunoassay tests for (IgM) for the vaccinated participants, both age groups and both genders with the three Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Sinopharm vaccines were documented a positive percentage of (47 %), (64 %) and (42 %) and negative (53 %), (36%) and (58%) respectively. Whereas, the (IgG) among vaccinators with the same three vaccines was recorded a positive percentage (100%) and negative (0%) in terms of a significant rise (P≤0.05) in serum antibody levels (IgG) in all the three vaccines (Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Sinopharm) in both age ranges and for both genders compared to the control group (unvaccinated individuals).Conclusions: the findings of the present study, that all three vaccines (Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Sinopharm) have shown a high efficacy and safely against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in terms of the immune responses of the vaccinators. Current study data indicated a non-significant difference among age ranges (18-31 and 32-45 year) and gender is not associated with IgG levels.
The Biochemical Assessments of Cellular Oxidant - Antioxidant Status and Lipid Profile for Some of COVID-19 Vaccines (Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Sinopharm) in Vaccinated People of Wasit Province in Iraq
Authors: Tahrir Ghali Resan Al-Salmi  , Jafar Abass Issa Al-Maamori
Published: November 2022

Background: Coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2) cause COVID-19 pandemic in March, 2020, after Chinese scientists published the genome of the virus vaccine manufacturer produced several COVID-19 vaccines that aimed to induce a humoral and cellular immune response to prevent the fatality and harm caused by COVID-19. Existing study aimed to evaluate the biochemical efficiency of some of COVID-19 vaccines (Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Sinopharm) in vaccinated people of Wasit Province in Iraq by lipid profile estimation, Human SOD1 (Superoxide Dismutase 1, Soluble) and Human Malondialdehyde (MDA).Methods: The current study sample included (55) individuals whom vaccinated with two shots of one of the three vaccines (Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Sinopharm) whom did not suffer from chronic health problems, and a control group of (35) unvaccinated individuals of both genders. Their age ranges from 18-45 years, they were divided into two age ranges (18-31 and 32-45 years) and their vaccination history was confirmed according to a special form. The blood samples were collected from fasting vaccinated individuals 2-4 weeks post the second dose of COVID-19 vaccine for the purpose of conducting lipid profile, SOD and MDA.RESULTS: The data of serous endogenous oxidative–antioxidants balance showed a variation in the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), its significant increase (P≤0.05) was observed in those vaccinated with the Pfizer vaccine for the first age range (31-18 years) and its insignificant decrease (P> 0.05) in the two Sinopharm and AstraZeneca vaccines in both age ranges and both genders comparing to the control group. Besides, the findings of estimating the serum level of enzyme Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was not significantly different (P> 0.05) between the vaccinated people of this study for all three vaccines and the control group for both age ranges and both genders. Additionally, the serum lipid profile levels (TG, LDL, HDL and VLDL) of the vaccinated individuals were not significantly changed (P>0.05) compared to the control group (unvaccinated individuals) except for the cleared variation in cholesterol level among the first age range for both genders compared to the control group.Conclusion: the findings of the present study showed that all the three targeted vaccines in the study (Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Sinopharm) have shown a high efficacy and safely on body oxidation balance and heart in terms of the biochemical assessment (MDA, SOD and lipid profile) of the healthy vaccinated participants.
ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE OF ENDODONTISTS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ENDODONTICS- AN INNOVATIVE RESEARCH
Authors: JANAVATHI  , DEEPAK SHARMA  , RAGHU K N  , PAVAN UDAGANI  , VINAYAK VAVAL  , KISHORE KUMAR S
Published: November 2022

Background: The advances in nanotechnology may lead to a new era of translational applications of nanoparticles in endodontic treatment.Aim of the study: The purpose of the study is to understand and assess the knowledge of Nanotechnology used in Endodontics and how they can be helpful in ensuring proper prevention and treatment of endodontic cases.Methodology: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted amongst 50 Endodontists who had more than a year of clinical experience. The questions were based on usage of Nanoparticles as well as its contribution in the field of dentistry particularly in case of Endodontics.Results: Out of all the survey endodontists around 65 % felt that nanotechnology is the future in dentistry. Around 90 % endodontists believe that a lot of expertise might be required in using nanotechnology.Conclusion: Nanoparticles may be developed for a variety of purposes in endodontics, such as disinfection strategies, photodynamic therapy, obturation materials and regenerative procedures. Thus, the increasing interest in this field warrants sound research based on scientific and clinical collaborations to emphasize the future potential of nanoparticles in clinical endodontics.
COMPARITVE STUDY OF SMEAR LAYER REMOVAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SILVER, CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES AND SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE AGAINST ENTEROFECALIS WHEN USED AS ROOT CANAL IRRIGANTS- IN VITRO STUDY
Authors: JANAVATHI  , DEEPAK SHARMA  , RAGHU K N  , VINAYAK VAVAL  , PAVAN UDAGANI  , MITHUN J KASLEKAR
Published: November 2022

Background: As a very resistant microorganism in infected root canals, Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) can stubbornly survive lethal challenges and invade dentinal tubules, making it the most persistent pathogen in root canal treatment. Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is the most commonly encountered microorganism detected in persistent root canal infections. These bacteria possess certain virulence factors, invade dentinal tubules and resist nutritional deprivation. Proper irrigation is an essential step for success in root canal therapies which is achieved by using excellent endodontic irrigants. Aim: To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl), Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF), Chitosan Nanoparticles (CNPs) root canal irrigants against the bacterial strain of Enterococcus Faecalis (E. faecalis) using agar well diffusion method. Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro study, the test materials were manipulated in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. The antimicrobial properties of root canal irrigants were evaluated by using agar diffusion method using bacterial strain of Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212). 0.25 mL of each irrigant was placed on to 6.5 mm diameter blotting papers which were placed in 7 mm diameter wells on the Mueller Hinton agar plates. Later, E. faecalis strains were inoculated with sterile cotton swab on to the agar plates. Results: The p-value Sodium Hypochlorite showed the greatest zone of inhibition followed by SDF and Chitosan Nanoparticles respectively (p Sodium Hypochlorite showed the greatest zone of inhibition followed by SDF, Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles and Chitosan Nanoparticles respectively. Conclusion: Sodium Hypochlorite was the most effective root canal irrigant followed by SDF ,whereas Chitosan Nanoparticles was the least efficacious compared to the rest against Enterococcus Faecalis.
Bacteriological Profile of Diabetic Ulcer Foot and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Trichy
Authors: Prasant HA  , Lalithambigai J  , Prabhusaran N
Published: November 2022

Background: Wound infections are the major factor for development of diabetic foot ulcer.Objectives: To identify the prevalence of aerobic bacterial isolates and its antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in diabetic foot ulcer patients.Methods: The Prospective observational study was undertaken from July 16th to September 16th 2017 in tertiary care teaching Hospital, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu.Result: Seventy-three (73) organisms were isolated from 63 diabetic foot ulcer patients. Staphylococcus aureus (26%), E. coli (19.2%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.2%) were isolated. MRSA with 53% were showed 100% sensitivity to vancomycin, linizolid and teicoplanin. By phenotypic Confirmatory Disc Diffusion Test, 57.1% of E. coli were ESBL producers whereas 50% of Klebsiella species were ESBL producers. All ESBL producers showed 100% sensitivity to imipenem.Interpretation and Conclusion: The microbiological report helps for initiating the narrow spectrum antibiotic therapy and reduce the emergence of multidrug resistant organisms.
Food-Drug Interactions - A Short Review of the Particularities of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Molecular Stage Correlations
Authors: Pelin Ana-Maria  , Rosca Ramona Oana  , Costinela Georgescu  , Maftei Nicoleta  , Mititelu-Tartau Liliana  , Stefan Rosca  , Alin Laurentiu Tatu
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this article is to revise the main types of food and orally administered drugs. Food-drug interactions are biunivocal, meaning that food influences pharmacokinetics and that certain pharmacodynamic actions of drugs and the drugs themselves both directly (by interactions) and indirectly (by modifying food behaviour) influence the ingested quantity and the food profile. The medical term for interaction describes situations where food accelerates, delays or prevents the absorption of a drug; where food modifies the distribution of a drug within tissue or interferes with metabolization, transport and removal of substances from the organism; where food blocks drugs’ effects by modifying the pharmacodynamic actions; where food intensifies or inhibits the secondary or natural effects of certain drugs; and where drugs modify the taste of or appetite for certain aliments. Some foods and drugs might have similar chemical structures which, when consumed simultaneously, cause confusion within the body and determine the absorption of one at the expense of the other.Conclusions: Pharmacokinetic interactions are the most frequent and, in most cases, the most difficult to predict. Anticipation of the potential for decreased or increased effects of particular drugs due to their associations with certain food classes will lead to better monitoring of the anticipated clinical effects.
The impact of complex foliar fertilization on rapeseed cultivation
Authors: Crista Florin  , Imbrea Florin  , Radulov Isidora  , Bănățean Dunea Ionuț  , Dragomirescu Monica  , Lato Alina  , Crista Laura
Published: November 2022

The aim of this paper is to study the influence of foliar fertilization on rapeseed cultivation. Rapeseed is currently one of the most important species of oil plants in the world, being cultivated for oil-rich seeds.The research was carried out in the agricultural year 2019-2020 in the experimental field of the Agrochemistry discipline located within the Experimental Teaching Station of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Banat in Timişoara, respectively Cioreni Farm.Foliar fertilizers have the role of calibrating and forming active growth intervals correlated with productivity factors. Foliar fertilization provides cultivated plants with the necessary nutrients during the growing season.Following the study, it was observed that foliar fertilization led to a significant increase in seed production and lipid content.Foliar fertilization is a method that quickly corrects nutrient deficiency and doses avoid toxicity.
Extraction, Characterization and Applications of Latex of Manilkara zapota
Authors: Antony V. Samrot  , Ng Xiao Qi  , Senthilkumar Pachiyappan  , Saigeetha S  , Shobana N  , Suresh V. Chinni  , Dhiva S  , Rajalakshmi D
Published: November 2022

In this study, bioactivity and application of plant latex of Manilkara zapota in agriculture fields had been studied. Latex was collected, extracted and characterized with TLC, UV-Vis and GCMS analyses. Latex was also subjected for seed germination study, pot study and insecticidal activity. This latex was found to increase water holding capacity and soil porosity and soil structure was improved by latex. It was also inducing the root formation and enhances crop yields. It also shown insecticidal activity against mealy bugs.
The influence of intensive fertilization on some indicators of groundwater quality in the area of the Western Plain of Romania
Authors: Adina Berbecea  , Isidora Radulov  , Alina Lațo  , Monica Dragomirescu  , Ionela Hotea  , Laura Crista  , Nicoleta Vicar
Published: November 2022

After the change of the communist regime and the takeover of agricultural areas by private permits, they, in the context of the presence on the market of a limited range of chemical fertilizers at low prices, began their irrational application, in order to obtain large yields. Although most farmers currently apply fertilizer resources on a scientific basis, the effect of previous practices is still felt, affecting groundwater quality. This paper aims to assess the impact of chemical fertilizers on water quality indicators in a former rural area, now peri urban in the Banat Plain. 10 water sampling points were established (wells and boreholes), and the sampling was done over a period of 6 months (from November 2020 till June 2021). The parameters determined and the range of values were: pH: 6,65 ÷ 7,90; NO3- (mg·l-1): 1,23 ÷ 158,15; NO2- (mg·l-1): 0 ÷ 10,76; NH4+ (mg·l-1): 0 ÷ 5,12, EC (μS/cm): 420 ÷ 1918; PO43- (mg·l-1): 0,0107 ÷ 1,518; Cl- (mg·l-1): 9,35 ÷ 174; SO42- (mg·l-1): 18,79 ÷229,18. The interdependencies between these parameters were also studied.
Stabilization of enzymes for biotechnological applications
Authors: Monica Dragomirescu  , Isidora Radulov  , Adina Berbecea  , Ionela Hotea  , Laura Crista  , Olimpia Iordanescu1  , Sorin Gaspar  , Gabriela Preda
Published: November 2022

The biotechnological applications use stable and eco-friendly biocatalysts, with good operational properties, reusable and easily separable. An efficient method of improving the stability of enzymes as biocatalysts may be the immobilization. The enzymes immobilization research objectives are obtaining stable and versatile insoluble enzyme preparations with high enzymatic activity, capable of catalyzing the reactions of their natural and unnatural substrates. If active and stable water – insoluble enzymes, immobilized enzymes having appropriate substrate specificity can be obtained, it becomes possible to use enzymes conveniently in the same way as ordinary solid catalysts in synthetic biochemical reactions. In addition, since enzymes can catalyse specific reactions under mild conditions (normal temperature and pressure), application of immobilized enzymes in large scale bioconversion processes can reduce energy requirements. For some specific applications simple immobilization methods can be used. To increase the catalytic efficiency of immobilized enzyme preparations combinations of these methods can be handled to maximize the advantages presented by them. The physico-chemical properties of the supports used for enzymes immobilization influence the enzymatic activity and the immobilization yields of the immobilized preparations. The aimed of this work was to find efficient methods to stabilize enzymatic preparations with a good balance between costs associated and biocatalytic efficiency.
ADMINISTRATION OF TETANUS TOXOID IMMUNIZATION TO PREGNANT MOTHERS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: C S Rahayu  , Ridha Hasanah  , Daris Yolanda Sari  , Mohammad Gibran Usamah  , Nelly Apriningrum
Published: November 2022

Background: The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia impacts women's reproductive health services, including pregnant women services that meet the standard, namely the administration of TT immunization. Officers at the Community Health Center (Puskesmas) are more focused on controlling the spread of COVID-19. The problem that arises due to pregnant women who are not administered Tetanus Toxoid during pregnancy is the occurrence of tetanus in the mother and baby. Objective: To determine the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and support of MCH officers towards the administration of Tetanus Toxoid immunization during the COVID-19 pandemic at UPT PuskesmasPasundan, Garut Regency, for the period of June-July 2021.Method: Analytic observational with the cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted from June to July 2021. The population and research sample consisted of 50 people. A questionnaire was used as a research instrument.Analysis: Univariate to explain the research variables and bivariate analysis to explain the relationship between knowledge, attitudes of pregnant women, and the support of MCH officers in administering Tetanus Toxoid immunization during the covid-19 pandemic. Hypothesis testingused a statistical test, namely the Chi-Square test with SPSS 2013, and the significance level was 0.05. Results: Relationship between Knowledge and Administration of Tetanus Toxoid Immunization, p-value = 0.015 (p < 0.05). Relationship between Attitude and Administration of Tetanus Toxoid Immunization, p-value = 0.0001 (P <0.05). Relationship between support of MCH officers and Administration of Tetanus Toxoid immunization, p-value = 0.0001 (p < 0.05).Conclusion: There is a relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and support of MCH officerstowards the administration of Tetanus Toxoid immunization. It illustrates that the presence of COVID-19 slightly interferes with the administration of TT immunization to pregnant women.Suggestion: It is important to make various efforts and ways to increase the coverage of TT immunization for pregnant women during the covid-19 pandemic.
A comparative study of distal hypospadias repair combined with preputioplasty vs repair using conventional circumcision technique
Authors: Chhabra A  , Thakur D  , Khichy S  , Nazki S
Published: November 2022

Background: Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital anomalies characterised by underdevelopment of the ventral anatomical structures of the penis including skin, urethra, corpora spongiosum and prepuce and urethral opening can occur anywhere from the perineum to the ventral aspect of penis. This study evaluated and compared short-term cosmetic and functional outcomes and complications of distal hypospadias repair combined with preputioplasty with the repair using circumcision. Materials & Methods: Patients were divided in two groups with 25 patients in either group. Group A patients underwent urethroplasty with circumcision whereas Group B patients were offered preputioplasty as an additional procedure. Clinical examination included location of the urethral meatus on the ventral aspect of the penis, presence or absence of associated chordee, stretched penile length, penile circumference, glans girth, depth of the navicular fossa or glans groove, urethral plate width, status of the preputial hood and testicular examination. Post-operatively, penis was examined for the location and shape of the neo-meatus, any complications in the form of meatal stenosis, urethrocutaneous fistula, preputial dehiscence and phimosis. Results: Both the groups were comparable with respect to the age at presentation and status of the urinary stream. Distal penile hypospadias predominated in both the groups and it was present in 21 patients in group A and 24 patients in group B. Rest of the babies had sub-coronal hypospadias. Preputial hood and navicular fossa/glans groove were good in either group. Mean stretched penile length in group A was 5.14 cm and it was 4.78 cm in group B children (p value- 0.141). Mean penile circumference of group A and group B patients ware 3.88 cm and 3.68 cm respectively (p value- 0.139). Girth of the glans and mean urethral plate width were also comparable (p values- 0.258 and 0.621 respectively). Final meatal appearance was slit shaped and wide in 22 patients in group A and 21 patients in group B. Urethro-cutaneous fistula was observed in two babies in group A and a single child in group B. One of the children was noted to have preputial dehiscence after two weeks. Prepuce was retracting well in 24 children during the 3rd follow up whereas one patient developed phimosis and thus results of the preputioplasty as an adjunct procedure were found to be satisfactory. Conclusion: Preputioplasty is a safe procedure and should be offered to all children undergoing single-stage distal penile hypospadias repair as it provides a near normal penile appearance at the cost of additional approximately 8% foreskin related complication rate.
A Survey of Hospital to Determine the Level of Patients' Awareness and Knowledge Regarding the Use of Dental Implants to Replace Missing Teeth
Authors: Subasish Behera  , Suchareeta Panda  , Kumar Abhishek  , Gaurav Bharadwaj  , Pratiksha Sahare  , Anuj Kishor Shukla
Published: November 2022

Introduction: It is necessary for patients to have awareness about the usage of implants, and for this reason, it is essential to have communication that is both effective and appropriate.Patients who are receiving treatment in a hospital setting will be surveyed to determine their level of awareness and understanding of dental implants as a potential method of therapy to replace lost teeth.Materials and methods: A standardised self-explanatory questionnaire, which was written up and handed out in a hospital setting. During their regularly scheduled dental appointments, the patients were given the questionnaires to fill out. In all, there were 450 individuals that participated in this poll.Results: The findings revealed that 62.5% of patients have some prior information about dental implants. The majority of the sample (35%) received the majority of their knowledge on dental implants from their friends and family, while the remaining 30% received the most of their information from dentists. In 87.5% of the instances, patients were discouraged from getting implants due to the fact that they were concerned about the cost effectiveness.Conclusion: The awareness and understanding regarding dental implants in the respondents was satisfactory, according to the findings of a study that was conducted on a representative sample of dental patients in Hyderabad, India. Patients still need more comprehensive and precise information regarding this most recent therapy approach, which should be provided to them as soon as possible.
CASE CONTROL STUDY: A COMPARISON OF FINGER PRINT PATTERN OF DIABETETES MELLITUS PATIENTS WITH NORMAL INDIVIDUAL
Authors: Deepanshu Shukla  , Shema Nair
Published: November 2022

Aim: To compare the differences in the finger tips patterns and a-b ridge count in patients with type II diabetes mellitus as case with non-diabetic as control group.Materials and methods: The study is conducted in 100 type II diabetic patients and 100 non-diabetic persons as a control group. For collection of palmar prints ‘Cumins and midlo’ method has been used. Non diabetic patients were carefully selected to be free from any disease which can influence the dermatoglyphic pattern.Observations: Observations were tabulated to find out distribution of finger-tip patterns like loop, whorl and arch and a-b ridge count from palm.Result and Conclusion: Statistical differences in fingertip patterns were found. This inference may be widely applied clinically for the early diagnosis of type II diabetes mellitus mainly in a mass screening of a population as an additional diagnostic tool.
The effectiveness of Ozonated water on reducing post extraction sequelae
Authors: Ibrahim Norwali  , Abdulaziz Musleh Alsehli  , Zeyad Ghazi Almoghathawi  , Amjad Abdullah Alhejaili  , Rahaf Sulaiman Alsaedi  , Abdullah Abdulmohsen Alshaeri  , Saad Mahrous Hasubah  , Yasmeen Salaheldin Ragheb
Published: November 2022

Background: The goal of the current study was to determine if irrigation with ozonated water following conventional exodontia lowers post-extraction complications in contrast to irrigation with normal saline.Methods: This prospective cohort study included 80 healthy participants, 40 males and 40 females 40 men who had routine closed tooth extraction. Two groups of participants were formed (Group A: irrigated with ozonated water and group B: irrigated with normal saline). The key research postoperative outcome measures that had been assessed postoperatively were the pain level experienced during the first five days after surgery, the degree of soft tissue healing, and the occurrence of alveolar osteitis.Results: Both groups had an equal distribution of males and females. Gender and age characteristics did not significantly differ across groups (P=0.588 and P=0.104 respectively). Both groups saw a significant postoperative reduction in pin, which decreased from 1.9 on the first day to 0.3 on the fifth. Regarding the occurrence of alveolar osteitis or the rate of soft tissue healing, there was no marked difference between the groups.Conclusion: Although ozonated water reduced the occurrence of postoperative sequla after traditional nonsurgical tooth extraction, the findings were not statistically different from the standard saline irrigation strategy.
Impact of Literacy and Education on Earning Capacity of Tribal People with Special Reference to Kodaikanal District – Tamil Nadu
Authors: R. Srinivasulu  , S. N. Sugumar
Published: November 2022

Tribal communities face unique challenges due to their heterogeneous population and their isolation from mainstream of the society. Tribal peoples are dispersed over the nation. Prior to gaining independence, not much was done to improve their living conditions. The objective aims to measure the impacts of literacy and education on earning capacity of tribal people in Kodaikanal district. Empirical research seeks, in a casual setting, to get accurate information regarding the study aim. It is possible that insightful data regarding the subject of research might be gleaned via formal interactions with the target respondents. Most researchers depend on prior works to identify research variables, however due to differences in economic and geographical contexts, this might lead to inaccuracies. The study is done in the area of Kodaikanal district which has significant presence of primitive tribal group in comparison to other areas of Tamil Nadu. The data will be collected based on the interview method which will help to find the reality in the study area. The sample size of the study is fixed to be 190 which is determined based on tribal presence in the area. The sample is selected based on the simple random sampling which is based on the finite population base in the study area. The collected data will be analysed using the SPSS -20. The statistical tools of ANOVA and factor analysis will be used for the study. The literacy of the tribal people has improved with the various tribal welfare programme and it’s revealed by the tribal opinions. The earning capacity and economic status of the tribal people can be enhanced with the imparting of education to the tribal people.
Perception of multimodal approach in teaching Anatomy among Kashmiri undergraduate medical students for better learning and effective teaching
Authors: Ashfaq Ul Hassan  , Neelofer Jan  , Asif Yousuf  , Shomalla Jan  , Ghulam Mohd Bhat
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Anatomy is a major subject that is usually considered to be toughest and presents itself as one of the most challenging subjects in medical education. Anatomical knowledge of students is greatly affected by effective teaching methods and engagement of multiple learning modalities has been shown to promote learning. This study aimed to evaluate the Perception of multimodal approach in teaching Anatomy among Kashmiri undergraduate medical students for better learning and effective teaching.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 75 first MBBS students of SKIMS Medical College in the Department of Anatomy. Perception of the multimodal approach in teaching Anatomy was sought by a validated questionnaire. The completed questionnaires were returned by only 72 students and were interpreted after studying the filled questionnaires.Results: Majority of the students were of the opinion that Anatomy is the most difficult subject among pre-clinical subjects and most of them believed that it was essential to incorporate advancements in teaching Anatomy. 55.55 % were of the opinion that clinically oriented teaching will improve anatomy teaching. Respondent’s perceived significantly greater usefulness for Web based applications and incorporating imaging such as MRI, CT and Ultrasound in better understanding the subject.Conclusion: Teaching Anatomy can become interesting. Incorporation of conceptual learning by advanced virtual three dimensional aids are required along with traditional didactic lectures in providing a successful integrated approach of teaching and learning of basic sciences for better understanding of concepts.
A REVIEW ON THE PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYTICAL PROFILE OF AN ANTIVIRAL DRUG: REMDESIVIR
Authors: P. SANDEEP  , K. ILANGO
Published: November 2022

Remdesivir is a prodrug that works by imitating the nucleoside adenosine. It is an antiviral medication that has been used to treat the coronavirus. Given the severity of the condition, the medicine is critical to the therapy and accompanying research. Remdesivir is extremely important as a medicinal dose form. Remdesivir has been used with other medications in the following combinations: Remdesivir and Dexamethasone, Remdesivir and Tocilizumab, and Remdesivir and Ivermectin. To aid future study, the paper also gives a simultaneous and comparative review of the analytical investigations published in the literature for a pharmacological estimate. The extensive literature searches turned up a plethora of study publications. A complete explanation of common, hyphenated, and unique ways of analysis is given. Remdesivir analytical quantification is provided using HPLC, LCMS, UV-Visible spectroscopy, and fluorescence.
Role of Digital Marketing in Growth of e-Commerce Business in India: An Empirical Study
Authors: Sathish A.S.  , Prakash M.  , V. Shanthan. Kumar  , Mahesh Pavan Sathavalli
Published: November 2022

The Indian market is moving more quickly than ever now. The internet is a channel for marketers to communicate with customers. People in India increasingly spend more time online daily, browsing the internet and using social media like Facebook, WhatsApp, and other sites. Thus, rather than focusing on conventional marketplaces, businesses are turning their market into a digital one by selling their goods online and making them accessible on numerous social media platforms. Social media is the source of the rise of digital marketing. People now spend time on social media, which is advantageous for marketers. India's digital marketing industry is expanding more quickly every day. Today Marketers are providing all the goods and services through online portals. It is only the way to gain success in the Consumer Market. This paper focuses on highlighting eCommerce's growth through digital marketing In India. 237 Marketers from digital marketing sector were surveyed to know the factors that determines the role of digital marketing in growth of E-commerce Business in India. The study concludes that Effective marketing, Target customer, Global reach and Strategy and Plans are the factors that determines the role of digital marketing in growth of E-commerce Business in India.
HEALTHCARE SECTOR AND ANTI-COMPETITIVE PRACTICES IN INDIA
Authors: Sumit Agarwala  , Namita Jain
Published: November 2022

Health is the basic human right and an important indicator of the nations’ commitment towards the health of its citizen and hence every country strives to increase the health standard and provide basic medical facility to all. This right to health is an outcome of various legal sanctions, both internationally and of countries specific. The right to health is enshrined as a basic human right internationally. The right to health is an inclusive right, extending not only to timely and appropriate health care, but also to the underlying determinants of health as per (Report of Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights). Though the Constitution of India does not expressly recognize the Right to Health as a fundamental right under Part III of the Constitution (Fundamental Rights), it is considered as an inseparable part of the Right to Life. Article 23. As a result, the child labour and human trafficking are prohibited in India. This article aims to analyse the impact of fast-changing lifestyle, habits, stress, COVID-19 pandemic and other factors on public health in India. It is more sensitized since last two years.
The Differences of Giving Green Nuts and Vegetables to Hemoglobin (Hb) Levels in Trimester Iii Pregnant Women: A Study from Two Group Posttest Design Approach
Authors: Marniati  , Nuzulul Rahmi
Published: November 2022

Background: One of the complications during pregnancy is pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia. Anemia in pregnancy can be overcome by consuming foods that contain iron such as spinach and nuts. One type of legume that contains high iron is green beans (vigna radiata). Based on the survey results at the Baitussalam Community Health Center, it was shown that the number of pregnant women who had anemia was 217 people (58.96%). Pregnant women who experience anemia say that they don't consume foods that contain iron so that there is no increase in Hb levels during pregnancy.Objective: To find out the difference in giving green bean and spinach juice to hemoglobin (Hb) levels in third trimester pregnant women in the working area of the Baitussalam Community Health Center, Aceh Besar district.Materials and Methods: This type of research is experimental design with a two group posttest design approach. This research was conducted on March 17 - April 5 2020. The population and sample in this study were all pregnant women with anemia, amounting to 217 people, while the sample taken in this study amounted to 30 people consisting of two groups. The research instrument used a questionnaire and observation sheet. The data processing was carried out using statistical test paired sample t test.Results and Discussion: The results of statistical analysis showed that there were differences in the pretest and posttest in group A which were given mung bean juice to third trimester pregnant women with a p-value of 0.000. Then there were differences in the pretest and posttest in group B who were given spinach to pregnant women in the third trimester with the statistical result of p value 0.000.Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that there were differences in group A who were given green bean juice and group B who were given spinach to pregnant women. trimester III. Group A which was given green bean juice had more of an increase in Hb levels compared to group B who was given spinach. Therefore, pregnant women are expected to consume green bean extract and spinach to increase Hb levels so that anemia does not occur during pregnancy.
The Influence of Health Education on Patient Adherenceof Diet Therapy Treatment in the Hemodialysis Unit at Haji Medan Hospital of North Sumatera Government
Authors: Marniati  , Sri Misleini  , Zuidah  , Kamaliah Ainun  , Kristina  , Sukma Yunita  , Yetti Fauziah  , Dewi Ramadani  , Niasty Lasmy Zaen  , Fransiska Riati Nova Simbolon
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND: Kidney replacement therapy consists of hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and kidney transplantation. Hemodialysis (HD)is currently the most applied in kidney replacement therapy, and the implementations improve every year.OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to the influence of health education on patient adherence to diet therapy treatment.DESIGN: The research type used was a pre-experimental design. This study used one group pre-test and post-test design without a control group. The research location was in the hemodialysis unit at Haji Medan Hospital of North Sumatera Government.PARTICIPANTS: The populations of the study were all chronic kidney patients as referral patients at Haji Medan Hospital of North Sumatera Government. The total populations are 40 patients. The samples were 20 respondents found out by using the purposive sampling technique.KEY RESULTS: The output of the study explained that there is a significant correlation between health education and patient adherence in implementing diet therapy in the hemodialysis unit at Haji Medan Hospital. The output further explains that health education has proved to influence patient adherence improvement in implementing diet therapy in the hemodialysis unit at Haji Medan Hospital.CONCLUSIONS: The suggestion to the hospital health promotion officer is to apply PKRS of good diet therapy on hemodialysis patients. It was carried out equally and comprehensively to all the hemodialysis patients.
Women’s day, women’s month for who? For South African women or South African government and politicians?
Authors: Zamokuhle Mbandlwa
Published: November 2022

Women’s day and women’s month in South Africa are celebrated based on the role and contributions made by women in the struggle of South African people during the apartheid era. Women’s day is celebrated to honor the 20 0000 women that marched to the Union Buildings in Pretoria on 09 August 1956. The objective of this study was to show the significanceof the role played by the women of 1956 and the role of the women of today. The generational mission of women of 1956 has been misused and misinterpreted, the study intends to provide reasons why the celebration of this day and month does not add tangible value to the women of today. The purpose of this article is to show that the celebration of women’s month does not speak to how women are socially treated and how they are economically struggling. The study aims to spark a debate on how women of today can be protected and celebrated. The study applied secondary research methodology because the data is available and accessible. The study found that the women of today are experiencing difficult times in all aspects and there is nothing to celebrate. The study concludes that even though the South African government and various stakeholders are trying to stop gender-based violence and empower women, the impact is not widely visible.
Evaluation of mothers' information regarding of the utilize of antibiotics for their children under five years of age
Authors: Salim Amir Yousef
Published: November 2022

Background: Antibiotics are substances that stop germs from multiplying or growing. They are the drugs that are misused the most frequently, which has caused an increase in the number of germs that are resistant to antibiotics. Numerous studies have shown that moms have limited awareness of the use and negative effects of antibiotics. These women frequently use self-medication on their kids and rely on unreliable information from television, the internet, and their social networks..Objective: The research aims to assess the drug awareness of mothers about antibiotics in health care centers in the city of Hilla, and to Analyze the risk variables for antibiotic overuse among women who visited primary care facilities.Materials and Methods: For the purposes of the analysis, a complete summary empirical drafting the analysis was executed in the primary health care centers in the city of Hilla for the evaluation of mothers' knowledge on the administration of antibiotics to children under the age of five. A questionnaire used to measure the variables was developed, modified for our sample collection, and verified.. The instrument is divided into two parts, socio-demographic characteristics of mothers and questions to assess mother's knowledge. Chi-Square (π2) check: was used to determine the interaction between the knowledge of mother's about the use of antibiotics with other sample socio-demographic characteristics.Results: Less than two fifth (47.4%) of mother’s age were between (26-35) year and more than two third (72.2%) were rural. Regarding to Mother’s educational level, more than one quarter of sample (25.6%) were primary. More than half (53.4%) of mother were use antibiotics for their child without a prescription. More than three quarters 101 (75.9%) of mother were having poor knowledge.Conclusions and recommendations : The most participated mothers had inadequate knowledge. Also there is significant relationship between mother’s knowledge and educational level. Antibacterial drug control systems should be established, and restrict OTC sale of antibiotics. Another recommendation is to increase mothers awareness and provide health educational programs.
DNA-binding domain in MYB transcription factor family in date palm
Authors: Khudhair M. Al-kanany  , Aqeel H. Abdulwahid  , Majid A. Ibrahim
Published: November 2022

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the most important economic plants which belongs to the Arecaceae family in arid and semi-arid areas. The genetic map of the date palm genome is incomplete, which hindered the expansion of molecular studies. Bioinformatics is a way that the researcher compares different plant species to find similarities and differences between them. MYB is a transcription factor family that has well-known functions in many plants, especially Arabidopsis. DNA-binding domains are pieces of peptides (a group of amino acids) that are folded independently and are highly attracted to DNA. The study aims to identify the DNA-binding domains for the MYB family in Date Palm to diagnose drought-related genes in the date palm genome through bioinformatics. The main approach followed in the research is to use a set of approved sites to align members of MYB proteins in Arabidopsis with the date palm genome to determine the most closely related MYB proteins in date palms. The results indicated a group of date palm proteins, which considered candidate proteins or genes to have an effective role in resisting or reducing the negative effects of water stress on date palms. Also, numbers of palm proteins have the same alignment effect and DNA-binding domains, which means that they may be close to each other in function and structure.
Nasal Route: A Breakthrough for Drug Delivery
Authors: Souvik Chattopadhyay  , Sourav Chakraborty  , Subhas Chandra Maity  , Sumon Sheel  , Dipan Roy  , Souvik Biswas  , Mrinmoy Nag  , Sanjit Mandal  , Amartya Sen
Published: November 2022

Development and discovery are the two important parameters of evolution. With the progress of pharmaceutical science and technology, the empirical route of nose still remains one main attraction for the formulation of scientists. The nasal route has the capability to cover both topical and systematic delivery. The most important part of this route is that we can target the brain also. The extent to which a medicine may penetrate the Blood Brain Barrier is one of the factors that restricts the capacity of most treatments to treat illnesses of the Central Nervous System (CNS) (BBB). Tight junctions found in the endothelial cells of blood capillaries to the brain serve as a barrier to most medications and prevent them from passing through. The BBB successfully prevents hydrophilic substances from moving from the circulatory compartment to the brain tissue. Tight junctions between the cells prevent bulk passage across the capillary walls, unlike in other tissues. Nasal drug delivery strategies have emerged during the last few decades, some of which may be able to circumvent the difficulties in getting medications to cross the BBB. Various neuro-degenerative disorders like migraine, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer's disease, etc. can be targeted with that particular path. This article will bring light on several features, strategies, and obstacles of this pathway. Also, there are several dosage forms and their evaluation is provided. During the preclinical studies, there are several models like can be designed in in-vivo evaluation of nasal dosage form. Among all others models, the dog model has so many advantages and well suited for performing any trial related intranasal drug delivery.