bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Video killed the radio star? The influence of presentation modality on detecting high‐stakes, emotional lies
Authors: Evanoff Crystal , Porter Stephen , Black Pamela J.
Published: July 2014

Purpose

In many contexts in which high‐stakes lies occur (such as security settings or the courtroom), observers must evaluate whether the stories they hear are credible. However, little research has evaluated the ability of observers to detect high‐stakes lies, nor the influence of the manner in which the deception is presented on judgment accuracy. This study investigated whether the presentation modality of high‐stakes lies influences both explicit and implicit deception detection accuracy.

Methods

Participants (N = 231) were randomly assigned to one of four presentation modalities: audiovisual, video‐only, audio‐only, or transcript‐only and asked to evaluate the honesty of targets – half of whom were sincere and half deceptive killers – making a plea for the return of a missing relative both explicitly (direct lie/truth decision) and implicitly (via emotional reactions).

Results

Overall, explicit deception detection accuracy was slightly above chance (M = 52.5%), and honest pleas were accurately identified at a higher rate than deceptive pleas. Although there were no differences in overall accuracy across modality, observers reading transcripts exhibited a truth bias, which resulted in them detecting truthful pleas at a higher rate than with the other groups. Although explicit accuracy was at the level of chance, implicit reactions indicated that observers were able to unconsciously discern liars from truth‐tellers.

Conclusions

Despite the high‐stakes nature of the lies presented here, they were difficult to detect. Lies presented via written language were missed at a higher rate when assessed using explicit but not implicit judgments.
Are Middle‐Aged Men with Chronic Kidney Disease at Higher Risk of Having Nocturia than Age‐Matched Controls
Authors: HSU Chun‐Kai , WU Mei‐Yi , CHIANG I‐Ni , YANG Stephen S.‐D. , CHANG Shang‐Jen
Published: July 2014

Objective

We compared the lower urinary tract symptoms between middle‐aged men with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD) under 50 years of age.

Methods

Between October 2010 and July 2013, patients with CKD aged below 50 who received regular follow‐ups at the nephrology outpatient clinics were enrolled. We also enrolled men aged below 50 years with estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) higher than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 and without history of kidney diseases from the health examination department as the control group. Clinical parameters and laboratory parameters were collected for analysis and comparison. The lower urinary tract symptoms were evaluated using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). Metabolic syndromes were defined according to the ATP III guidelines.

Results

Overall, 50 men with CKD and 187 age‐matched men without CKD were enrolled in the study (age: 44.9 ± 6.9 vs. 43.7.0 ± 4.3, P = 0.11). When compared with the age‐matched control group, the occurrences of lower urinary tract symptoms were fewer in CKD patients, though not statistically significant. CKD Patients had significantly higher scores of nocturia (1.3 vs. 0.8, P = 0.02) but had significantly less urinary frequency and relatively fewer urgency score. Nocturia was significantly associated with eGFR. Multivariate analysis showed that lower eGFR and overweight were the only two independent risk factors for nocturia (P < 0.01), but was not the case for metabolic syndromes.

Conclusion

Middle‐aged men with CKD had significantly more nocturia episodes than the age‐matched control group, but had lower urinary frequency scores. Lower eGFR and overweight are independent risk factors for nocturia in middle‐aged men.
Characterization of mutations in the PAS domain of the EvgS sensor kinase selected by laboratory evolution for acid resistance in Escherichia coli
Authors: Johnson Matthew D. , Bell James , Clarke Kim , Chandler Rachel , Pathak Prachi , Xia Yandong , Marshall Robert L. , Weinstock George M. , Loman Nicholas J. , Winn Peter J. , Lund Peter A.
Published: July 2014

Laboratory‐based evolution and whole‐genome sequencing can link genotype and phenotype. We used evolution of acid resistance in exponential phase Escherichia coli to study resistance to a lethal stress. Iterative selection at pH 2.5 generated five populations that were resistant to low pH in early exponential phase. Genome sequencing revealed multiple mutations, but the only gene mutated in all strains was evgS, part of a two‐component system that has already been implicated in acid resistance. All these mutations were in the cytoplasmic PAS domain of EvgS, and were shown to be solely responsible for the resistant phenotype, causing strong upregulation at neutral pH of genes normally induced by low pH. Resistance to pH 2.5 in these strains did not require the transporter GadC, or the sigma factor RpoS. We found that EvgS‐dependent constitutive acid resistance to pH 2.5 was retained in the absence of the regulators GadE or YdeO, but was lost if the oxidoreductase YdeP was also absent. A deletion in the periplasmic domain of EvgS abolished the response to low pH, but not the activity of the constitutive mutants. On the basis of these results we propose a model for how EvgS may become activated by low pH.
Concept‐Based Bayesian Model Averaging and Growth Empirics
Authors: Magnus Jan R. , Wang Wendun
Published: July 2014

In specifying a regression equation, we need to specify which regressors to include, but also how these regressors are measured. This gives rise to two levels of uncertainty: concepts (level 1) and measurements within each concept (level 2). In this paper we propose a hierarchical weighted least squares (HWALS) method to address these uncertainties. We examine the effects of different growth determinants taking explicit account of the measurement problem in the growth regressions. We find that estimates produced by HWALS provide intuitive and robust explanations. We also consider approximation techniques which are useful when the number of variables is large or when computing time is limited.
The use of nasotracheal Airtraq® laryngoscope with reinforced endotracheal tube: our experience
Authors: Ferrari Fabio , Marchetti Giuliano , Picardo Sergio Giuseppe
Published: July 2014

The authors describe the use of nasotracheal AirtraQ® laryngoscope to perform orotracheal intubation with reinforced endotracheal tube in patients with difficult airways. The choice of nasotracheal AirtraQ® instead of orotracheal device resulted from the difficulty that they sometimes found using orotracheal AirtraQ® with reinforced endotracheal tube. The nasotracheal AirtraQ® may be successfully used to perform orotracheal intubation with styletted reinforced endotracheal tube, specially in case of difficulty in advancing it inside the tube‐guiding channel of orotracheal AirtraQ®.
Unlocking the secondary gene‐pool of barley with next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Wendler Neele , Mascher Martin , Nöh Christiane , Himmelbach Axel , Scholz Uwe , Ruge‐Wehling Brigitte , Stein Nils
Published: July 2014

Crop wild relatives (CWR) provide an important source of allelic diversity for any given crop plant species for counteracting the erosion of genetic diversity caused by domestication and elite breeding bottlenecks. Hordeum bulbosum L. is representing the secondary gene pool of the genus Hordeum. It has been used as a source of genetic introgressions for improving elite barley germplasm (Hordeum vulgare L.). However, genetic introgressions from H. bulbosum have yet not been broadly applied, due to a lack of suitable molecular tools for locating, characterizing, and decreasing by recombination and marker‐assisted backcrossing the size of introgressed segments. We applied next‐generation sequencing (NGS) based strategies for unlocking genetic diversity of three diploid introgression lines of cultivated barley containing chromosomal segments of its close relative H. bulbosum. Firstly, exome capture‐based (re)‐sequencing revealed large numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) enabling the precise allocation of H. bulbosum introgressions. This SNP resource was further exploited by designing a custom multiplex SNP genotyping assay. Secondly, two‐enzyme‐based genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) was employed to allocate the introgressed H. bulbosum segments and to genotype a mapping population. Both methods provided fast and reliable detection and mapping of the introgressed segments and enabled the identification of recombinant plants. Thus, the utilization of H. bulbosum as a resource of natural genetic diversity in barley crop improvement will be greatly facilitated by these tools in the future.
Porcine acellular dermal matrix for delayed abdominal wall closure after pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Caso Maestro O. , Abradelo de Usera M. , Justo Alonso I. , Calvo Pulido J. , Manrique Municio A. , Cambra Molero F. , García Sesma A. , Loinaz Segurola C. , Moreno González E. , Jiménez Romero C.
Published: July 2014

Children are one of the groups with the highest mortality rate on the waiting list for LT. Primary closure of the abdominal wall is often impossible in the pediatric population, due to a size mismatch between a large graft and a small recipient. We present a retrospective cohort study of six pediatric patients, who underwent delayed abdominal wall closure with a biological mesh after LT, and in whom early closure was impossible. A non‐cross‐linked porcine‐derived acellular dermal matrix (Strattice™ Reconstructive Tissue Matrix; LifeCell Corp, Bridgewater, NJ, USA) was used in all of the cases of the series. After a mean follow‐up of 26 months (21–32 months), all patients were asymptomatic, with a functional abdominal wall after physical examination. Non‐cross‐linked porcine‐derived acellular dermal matrix (Strattice™) is a good alternative for delayed abdominal wall closure after pediatric LT. Randomized controlled trials are necessary to determine the best moment and the best technique for abdominal wall closure.
Chemical and Biological Mechanisms of Pathogen Reduction Technologies
Authors: Mundt Janna M. , Rouse Lindsay , Van den Bossche Jeroen , Goodrich Raymond P.
Published: July 2014

Within the last decade new technologies have been developed and implemented which employ light, often in the presence of a photosensitizer, to inactivate pathogens that reside in human blood products for the purpose of transfusion. These pathogen reduction technologies attempt to find the proper balance between pathogen kill and cell quality. Each system utilizes various chemistries that not only impact which pathogens they can inactivate and how, but also how the treatments affect the plasma and cellular proteins and to what degree. This paper aims to present the various chemical mechanisms for pathogen reduction in transfusion medicine that are currently practiced or in development.
Parental Education and Children's School and Work Status in Urban Ethiopia: A Note on Gender Bias
Authors: Alvi Eskander , Dendir Seife
Published: July 2014

This paper examines gender bias in the parental education–child status link using data from urban Ethiopia. Gender bias is defined here, specifically, as the differential impact of a parent's education on a child's status depending on the gender of the parent vis‐à‐vis the child. Children's status is measured by school enrolment and participation in market work. Results from a basic model point to same‐gender bias – father–son, mother–daughter in school enrolment and father–son in market work. In an extended model, results show that father–son bias in market work may be particularly pertinent for middle‐ to later‐born children. Policy interventions should be mindful of such differential effects, particularly if the aim is to address persistent gender disparities in children's status.
Intrahousehold and Interhousehold Child Nutrition Inequality in Malawi
Authors: Mussa Richard
Published: July 2014

This paper investigates whether child nutrition inequalities are attributable to differences between households or differences within households in Malawi. Child nutrition is measured using height‐for‐age z‐scores. The empirical analysis uses the 2006 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey data. We find evidence of within household nutritional differences along gender, age and birth order lines in Malawi. The results for rural and urban areas as well as religious groups show that nutrition inequalities largely stem from differences within households. Both intrahousehold and interhousehold nutrition inequalities are unexplained by observable factors.
A novel HLA‐C allele, C*08:01:10 was identified in a Chinese leukemia patient
Authors: Tao S.‐D. , Zhang W. , Wang W. , He J. , Zhu F.‐M. , Lv H.‐J.
Published: July 2014

HLA‐C*08:01:10 differs from HLA‐C*08:01:01 by a single non‐coding change at nucleotide 339 G>A.
Immuno‐ and Correlative Light Microscopy‐Electron Tomography Methods for 3D Protein Localization in Yeast
Authors: Mari Muriel , Geerts Willie J.C. , Reggiori Fulvio
Published: July 2014

Compartmentalization of eukaryotic cells is created and maintained through membrane rearrangements that include membrane transport and organelle biogenesis. Three‐dimensional reconstructions with nanoscale resolution in combination with protein localization are essential for an accurate molecular dissection of these processes. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a key model system for identifying genes and characterizing pathways essential for the organization of cellular ultrastructures. Electron microscopy studies of yeast, however, have been hampered by the presence of a cell wall that obstructs penetration of resins and cryoprotectants, and by the protein dense cytoplasm, which obscures the membrane details. Here we present an immuno‐electron tomography (IET) method, which allows the determination of protein distribution patterns on reconstructed organelles from yeast. In addition, we extend this IET approach into a correlative light microscopy‐electron tomography procedure where structures positive for a specific protein localized through a fluorescent signal are resolved in 3D. These new investigative tools for yeast will help to advance our understanding of the endomembrane system organization in eukaryotic cells.
In vivo long‐term effects of retinoic acid exposure in utero on induced tumours in adult mouse skin
Authors: García‐Fernández Rosa A. , Pérez‐Martínez Claudia , García‐Iglesias Maria J.
Published: July 2014

Background

Retinoic acid (RA) and its analogues (retinoids) are promising agents in skin cancer prevention following either topical application or oral administration. However, long‐term in vivo effects of RA on chemically induced hyperplastic epidermal foci in adult mouse skin have also been described, casting some doubt with regard to its chemopreventive activity.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To characterize chemically induced skin tumours and to investigate the in vivo long‐term action and preventive effect of RA on adult mouse skin carcinogenesis.

Animals

Fifty‐six adult Naval Medical Research Institute mice, exposed (n = 28) or not exposed (n = 28) to RA in utero.

Methods

Mice were treated with a standard two‐stage skin carcinogenesis protocol, which included an initiating application of 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene followed by promotion with 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol 13‐acetate.

Results

Retinoic acid administered to pregnant mice showed a long‐term inhibitory action on cell differentiation and development of chemically induced tumours on the adult skin of their offspring, as well as a stimulatory effect on cell proliferation and expression of an early marker of malignant progression (keratin 13).

Conclusions and clinical importance

The results suggest that RA exposure in utero confers long‐lasting effects on adult mouse skin carcinogenesis. These include chemopreventive activity (reduced number of tumours), as well as enhancement of squamous papilloma progression, which appears to be due to enhanced keratinocyte proliferation and suppression of epidermal maturation. The clinical significance of these findings is not known for other routes of RA administration at this time.
Role of hyaluronic acid and phospholipid in the lubrication of a cobalt–chromium head for total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Park Jong-Bong , Duong Cong-Truyen , Chang Ho-Geun , Sharma Ashish R. , Thompson Mark S. , Park Sungchan , Kwak Byung-Chan , Kim Tae-Young , Lee Sang-Soo , Park Seonghun
Published: July 2014

The tribological performance of total hip arthroplasty has an important influence on its success rate. This study examined the concentration-dependent role of hyaluronic acid (HA) and phospholipid (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, DPPC) in the boundary lubricating ability of retrieved cobalt–chromium femoral heads. The microscale frictional coefficients (μ) were measured by atomic force microscopy using a rectangular silicon cantilever integrated with sharp silicon tips. In the case of HA lubricant, the frictional coefficients decreased significantly at concentrations of 2.0 (0.16 ± 0.03) and 3.5 mg/ml (0.11 ± 0.01) while increased at 5.0 mg/ml (0.15 ± 0.01), compared to that with phosphate buffer saline (0.25 ± 0.03). The concentration-dependent lubrication behavior of DPPC was most effective when DPPC was in the physiological concentration range, showing μ = 0.16 ± 0.01 in polypropylene glycol, and 0.05 ± 0.01, 0.02 ± 0.01, and 0.03 ± 0.01 at a DPPC concentration of 0.05, 0.2, and 3.0 mg/ml, respectively. Results obtained show significant differences between the DPPC concentration groups. Conclusively, the microscale frictional response of the retrieved CoCr femoral head has a significant dependence on the concentrations of HA and DPPC. Moreover, observed optimal concentration of HA and DPPC for effective lubrication is similar to that observed in normal human synovial fluid. Therefore, a retrieval of the synovia may be considered during total hip replacement surgeries in an effort for reduction of friction between head and liner of total hip replacement implants.
Sharp increase in central Oklahoma seismicity since 2008 induced by massive wastewater injection
Authors: Keranen K. M. , Weingarten M. , Abers G. A. , Bekins B. A. , Ge S.
Published: July 2014

Wastewater disposal linked to earthquakes

The number of earthquakes is increasing in regions with active unconventional oil and gas wells, where water pumped at high pressure breaks open rock containing natural gas, leaving behind wastewater in need of disposing. Keranen
et al.
show that the steep rise in earthquakes in Oklahoma, USA, is likely caused by fluid migration from wastewater disposal wells. Twenty percent of the earthquakes in the central United States could be attributed to just four of the wells. Injected fluids in high-volume wells triggered earthquakes over 30 km away.

Science
, this issue p.
448
Compliance with a time-out procedure intended to prevent wrong surgery in hospitals: results of a national patient safety programme in the Netherlands
Authors: van Schoten Steffie M , Kop Veerle , de Blok Carolien , Spreeuwenberg Peter , Groenewegen Peter P , Wagner Cordula
Published: July 2014

Objective

To prevent wrong surgery, the WHO ‘Safe Surgery Checklist’ was introduced in 2008. The checklist comprises a time-out procedure (TOP): the final step before the start of the surgical procedure where the patient, surgical procedure and side/site are reviewed by the surgical team. The aim of this study is to evaluate the extent to which hospitals carry out the TOP before anaesthesia in the operating room, whether compliance has changed over time, and to determine factors that are associated with compliance.

Design

Evaluation study involving observations.

Setting

Operating rooms of 2 academic, 4 teaching and 12 general Dutch hospitals.

Participants

A random selection was made from all adult patients scheduled for elective surgery on the day of the observation, preferably involving different surgeons and different procedures.

Results

Mean compliance with the TOP was 71.3%. Large differences between hospitals were observed. No linear trend was found in compliance during the study period. Compliance at general and teaching hospitals was higher than at academic hospitals. Compliance decreased with the age of the patient, general surgery showed lower compliance in comparison with other specialties and compliance was higher when the team was focused on the TOP.

Conclusions

Large differences in compliance with the TOP were observed between participating hospitals which can be attributed at least in part to the type of hospital, surgical specialty and patient characteristics. Hospitals do not comply consistently with national guidelines to prevent wrong surgery and further implementation as well as further research into non-compliance is needed.
Capacity of dynamically embedded plate anchors as assessed through field tests
Authors: Blake A.P. , O’Loughlin C.D. , Gaudin C.
Published: July 2014

A dynamically embedded plate anchor (DEPLA) is a rocket-shaped anchor that penetrates to a target depth in the seabed by the kinetic energy obtained through free-fall and by the anchor’s self-weight. After embedment, the central shaft is retrieved leaving the anchor flukes vertically embedded in the seabed. The flukes constitute the load bearing element as a plate anchor. This paper presents and considers field data on the embedment depth loss due to the plate anchor keying process and the subsequent bearing capacity factor of the plate anchor element. The loss in plate anchor embedment was significantly higher than that reported from corresponding centrifuge tests and is reflected in the larger padeye displacements required to mobilize peak capacity in the field tests. Measured plate capacities and plate rotations during keying indicate that the end of keying coincides with the peak anchor capacity. Experimental bearing capacity factors are in the range Nc = 14.3–14.6, which is appreciably higher than existing solutions for vanishingly thin circular plates. The higher Nc for the DEPLA is considered to be due to a combination of the cruciform fluke arrangement and the fluke (or plate) thickness.
Ecotypic differentiation in photosynthesis and growth of Eriophorum vaginatum along a latitudinal gradient in the Arctic tundra
Authors: Souther Sara , Fetcher Ned , Fowler Zachariah , Shaver Gaius R. , McGraw James B.
Published: July 2014

Ecotypic differentiation reduces climatic niche breadth at the population level relative to a species’ spatial distribution. For species that form climatic ecotypes, if future climate exceeds local population tolerance, climate change will precipitate the decline of extant populations range-wide. Here, we examine the variation in physiological and morphological traits of Eriophorum vaginatum L. collected from a 30-year-old reciprocal transplant experiment, in which six populations of E. vaginatum were transplanted along a latitudinal gradient from Eagle Creek to Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. We tested for ecotypic differentiation of photosynthesis, respiration, chlorophyll fluorescence, and biomass per tiller, which is a metric correlated with population growth in E. vaginatum. The light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Amax) showed homesite advantage in that tussocks in their homesites had significantly higher values of Amax relative to nonlocal populations. This pattern of homesite advantage was also observed for biomass per tiller, but not for fluorescence and respiration. Photosynthetic rate was positively correlated with biomass per tiller and survival, suggesting that adaptations related to photosynthesis may optimize performance of local populations to homesite conditions. Taken together, these findings indicate that a rapidly changing climate may elicit population decline of E. vaginatum, rendering this species at a competitive disadvantage to shrubs and boreal forest species, which are expanding northward as the climate changes. Transition from tussock-sedge tundra to boreal forest and shrubland alters features, such as albedo, soil temperature, and water-table depth, in ways that may accelerate climate change.
Gas-phase reaction of ClO−with CHnCl4-n(n= 0, 1, 2, 3) and CX3H (X = F, Cl and Br): Substituent effect from a comparative study
Authors: Junxi Liang , Qiong Su , Yu Li , Qiang Zhang , Zhiyuan Geng
Published: July 2014

Substituent effects on reactivity are studied using the hybrid B3LYP and BHandHLYP methods of density functional theory with the aug-cc-pVDZ basis set. The chosen testing models includes two very representative reactions in chemical research, the bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reaction and the deprotonation reaction, in which the former is represented by ClO−+ CHnCl4-n(n = 0, 1, 2, 3), and the latter is based on reactions of ClO−with CX3H (X = F, Cl, and Br). Our theoretical findings suggest that a heavier substituent X in substrate results in a higher activation energy, a slower SN2 reaction, but a faster deprotonation reaction. Those are well confirmed by some presented results from bond orders, second-order perturbative energy E(2), and activation strain model analysis. Moreover, we have further explored the reactivity difference derived from substituent effects in term of the relationships of reactive barrier with the charges transferred and the leaving-bond distance in TSs, respectively, especially the TSs in SN2 reactions. Again, the rate constants at 298–1000 K are also evaluated for the SN2 reactions presented through the transition state theory.
Unexpected reactions of Grignard reagents with selected β-carboalkoxy substituted sulfinate esters
Authors: Faragher Robert J. , Shkoor Mohanad Gh. , Luska Kylie L. , Schwan Adrian L.
Published: July 2014

A series of six-membered rings bearing cis oriented vicinal carboxylate and sulfinate esters were treated with Grignard reagents with the intention of transforming them to β-carboalkoxy substituted sulfoxides. The expected outcome did not transpire and instead the substrates demonstrated the capacity to accept 3 equiv. of organometallic agent in an uncontrollable manner. As such, the substrates possessing eclipsing carboxylate and sulfinate esters accepted two organic ligands at the carboxylate functionality and one at the sulfinyl group. When isomer mixtures of sterically encumbered sulfinate esters were reacted, a single sulfoxide stereochemistry resulted. A mechanism involving the intermediacy of a sulfurane is proposed to account for the experimental observations.
EVENT-RELATED COMPLEXITY ANALYSIS AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE DETECTION OF FACIAL ATTRACTIVENESS
Authors: DENG ZHIDONG , ZHANG ZIMU
Published: July 2014

In this study, an event-related complexity (ERC) analysis method is proposed and used to explore the neural correlates of facial attractiveness detection in the context of a cognitive experiment. The ERC method gives a quantitative index for measuring the diverse brain activation properties that represent the neural correlates of event-related responses. This analysis reveals distinct effects of facial attractiveness processing and also provides further information that could not have been achieved from event-related potential alone.
Exceptional collections on toric Fano threefolds and birational geometry
Authors: Uehara Hokuto
Published: July 2014

Bondal's conjecture states that the Frobenius push-forward of the structure sheaf 𝒪X generates the derived category Db(X) for smooth projective toric varieties X. Bernardi and Tirabassi exhibit a full strong exceptional collection consisting of line bundles on smooth toric Fano 3-folds assuming Bondal's conjecture. In this paper, we prove Bondal's conjecture for smooth toric Fano 3-folds and improve upon their result using birational geometry.
EFFICIENCY WAGE THEORY: EVIDENCE FOR SINGAPORE MANUFACTURING SECTOR
Authors: CHUA SIN-CHET , LIM YUN-WEN , TER TENG-TENG , CHEW SOON-BENG
Published: July 2014

This paper attempts to test whether there is econometric evidence in support of the efficiency wage theory in Singapore's manufacturing sector. Two of the possible ways to account for efficiency wages are to show that higher wages have resulted in reduced shirking by workers, and to show that higher wages have resulted in an increase in worker productivity. We find evidence in support of efficiency wages for three out of 18 industries within the manufacturing sector in Singapore based on both ordinary least square (OLS) and 2SLS regression results, and for another two industries based only on OLS and yet another two industries based only on 2SLS.
FACIAL EXPRESSION RECOGNITION BASED ON LOCAL BINARY PATTERN FEATURES AND SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE
Authors: CAO NHAN THI , TON-THAT AN HOA , CHOI HYUNG IL
Published: July 2014

Facial expression recognition has been researched much in recent years because of their applications in intelligent communication systems. Many methods have been developed based on extracting Local Binary Pattern (LBP) features associating different classifying techniques in order to get more and more better effects of facial expression recognition. In this work, we propose a novel method for recognizing facial expressions based on Local Binary Pattern features and Support Vector Machine with two effective improvements. First is the preprocessing step and second is the method of dividing face images into nonoverlap square regions for extracting LBP features. The method was experimented on three typical kinds of database: small (213 images), medium (2040 images) and large (5130 images). Experimental results show the effectiveness of our method for obtaining remarkably better recognition rate in comparison with other methods.
MINIMUM SPANNING TREE (MST) BASED TECHNIQUES FOR GENERATION OF CANCELABLE FINGERPRINT TEMPLATES
Authors: PRASAD MUNAGA V. N. K. , SWATHI P. , RAO C. R. , DEEKSHATULU B. L.
Published: July 2014

The biometric community is faced with the difficult problem of protection of the original biometric template. One way of doing this is using a cancelable biometric method, which transforms original biometric template in a noninvertible way and uses the transformed template to verify a person's identity. In this paper, we propose two novel representation methods for fingerprint minutiae. Proposed methods based on this representation are simple to generate cancelable templates without requiring pre-alignment of the fingerprints. The main idea is to generate a minimal spanning tree (MST) for fingerprint minutiae in a three-dimensional (3D) feature space. The chain code representation for a generated MST in a two-dimensional (2D) feature space is proposed. A bit string is then generated by mapping the chain code into 2D array. The fingerprint minutiae based upon the Cartesian system is dealt with in Method-1, while the boundary representation of the minutiae is dealt with in Method-2. The proposed methods are evaluated using FVC2004 and FVC2002 databases and the performance is better compared to existing methods [C. Lee and J. Kim, J. Netw. Comput. Appl.33(3) (2010) 236–246; S. Wang and J. Hu, Pattern Recogn.45 (2012) 4129–4137; S. Wang and J. Hu, Pattern Recogn.47(3) (2014) 1321–1329; Z. Jin, A. B. J. Teoh, T. S. Ong and C. Tee, Expert Syst. Appl.39 (2012) 6157–6167; P. Das, K. Karthik and B. C. Garai, Pattern Recogn.45(9) (2012) 3373–3388; A. B. J. Teoh, D. C. L. Ngo and A. Goh, Pattern Recogn.37(11) (2004) 2245–2255.]
Minimal diagrams of free knots
Authors: Boothby Tomas , Henrich Allison , Leaf Alexander
Published: July 2014

Manturov recently introduced the idea of a free knot, i.e. an equivalence class of virtual knots where equivalence is generated by crossing change and virtualization moves. He showed that if a free knot diagram is associated to a graph that is irreducibly odd, then it is minimal with respect to the number of classical crossings. Not all minimal diagrams of free knots are associated to irreducibly odd graphs, however. We introduce a family of free knot diagrams that arise from certain permutations that are minimal but not irreducibly odd.
Framed 4-valent graph minor theory I: Introduction. A planarity criterion and linkless embeddability
Authors: Manturov Vassily Olegovich
Published: July 2014

This paper is the first one in the sequence of papers about a simple class of framed 4-graphs; the goal of this paper is to collect some well-known results on planarity and to reformulate them in the language of minors. The goal of the whole sequence is to prove analogs of the Robertson–Seymour–Thomas theorems for framed 4-graphs: namely, we shall prove that many minor-closed properties are classified by finitely many excluded graphs. From many points of view, framed 4-graphs are easier to consider than general graphs; on the other hand, framed 4-graphs are closely related to many problems in graph theory.
Similarity indices and the Miyazawa polynomials of virtual links
Authors: Jeong Myeong-Ju , Park Chan-Young
Published: July 2014

Y. Miyazawa introduced a two-variable polynomial invariant of virtual knots in 2006 [Magnetic graphs and an invariant for virtual links, J. Knot Theory Ramifications 15 (2006) 1319–1334] and then generalized it to give a multi-variable one via decorated virtual magnetic graph diagrams in 2008. A. Ishii gave a simple state model for the two-variable Miyazawa polynomial by using pole diagrams in 2008 [A multi-variable polynomial invariant for virtual knots and links, J. Knot Theory Ramifications 17 (2008) 1311–1326]. H. A. Dye and L. H. Kauffman constructed an arrow polynomial of a virtual link in 2009 which is equivalent to the multi-variable Miyazawa polynomial [Virtual crossing number and the arrow polynomial, preprint (2008), arXiv:0810.3858v3, http://front.math.ucdavis.edu .]. We give a bracket model for the multi-variable Miyazawa polynomial via pole diagrams and polar tangles similarly to the Ishii's state model for the two-variable polynomial. By normalizing the bracket polynomial we get the multi-variable Miyazawa polynomial fK ∈ ℤ[A, A-1, K1, K2, …] of a virtual link K. n-similar knots take the same value for any Vassiliev invariant of degree < n. We show that fK1 ≡ fK2 mod (A4 - 1)n if two virtual links K1 and K2 are n-similar. Also we give a necessary condition for a virtual link to be periodic by using n-similarity of virtual tangles and the Miyazawa polynomial.
Generation of femtosecond pulses based on efficient frequency doubling of erbium fiber oscillator-amplifier laser
Authors: Liu Guanyu , Lv Zhiqiang , Gong Zibo , Shi Kebin
Published: July 2014

We report on frequency doubling of 1.55-μm fiber oscillator-amplifier laser with conversion efficiency of 27% by using off-the-shelf nonlinear crystal. The system generates 135-femto-second (fs) pulses with average power of 110 mW at 80 MHz repetition rate. Frequency doubling efficiency as a function of pulse pre-chirp in front of a single mode erbium fiber amplifier was investigated.
Optimum topology of quasi-one-dimensional nonlinear optical quantum systems
Authors: Lytel Rick , Shafei Shoresh , Kuzyk Mark G.
Published: July 2014

In this paper, we determine the optimum topology of quasi-one-dimensional nonlinear optical structures using generalized quantum graph models. Quantum graphs are relational graphs endowed with a metric and a multiparticle Hamiltonian acting on the edges, and have a long application history in aromatic compounds, mesoscopic and artificial materials, and quantum chaos. Quantum graphs have recently emerged as models of quasi-one-dimensional electron motion for simulating quantum-confined nonlinear optical systems. This paper derives the nonlinear optical properties of quantum graphs containing the basic star vertex and compares their responses across topological and geometrical classes. We show that such graphs have exactly the right topological properties to generate energy spectra required to achieve large, intrinsic optical nonlinearities. The graphs have the exquisite geometrical sensitivity required to tune wave function overlap in a way that optimizes the transition moments. We show that this class of graphs consistently produces intrinsic optical nonlinearities near the fundamental limits. We discuss the application of the models to the prediction and development of new nonlinear optical structures.
Designing nonlinear optical molecule by incorporating the planar tetracoordinate unit NAl4- or CAl42- into decaborane B10H14
Authors: Ma Fang , Miao Ti-Fang , Liu Ying-Tao
Published: July 2014

Molecular Incorporation is an important approach of providing novel compounds with fascinating structures. In this paper, we theoretically described the incorporation of the central planar tetracoordinate molecules NAl 4- or CAl 42- into borane cluster B 10 H 14. By molecular orbital analysis, a novel four-fold Al – H bonding interaction was found, and it contributes to the molecular incorporation. In addition, we found that the counterion Li + is critical for the neutral incorporation species, due to its small atomic radii and little positive charge. To measure the nonlinear optical (NLO) response, the static first hyperpolarizabilities (β0) were evaluated at the second-order Møller–Plesset (MP2) level. The β0 values are 1708 a.u and 8682 a.u for [ B 10 H 14⋯ NAl 4]- and [ B 10 H 14⋯ CAl 4]2-, respectively, which indicates that the charge plays a significant role on deciding the value of β0. Moreover, it is different for the change of β0 value brought by counterion Li +. Li + decreases the β0 value of [ B 10 H 14⋯ CAl 4]2-, while it increases the β0 value of [ B 10 H 14⋯ NAl 4]-, therein, the sandwich-like B 10 H 14– Li – NAl 4( I ) exhibits considerable β0 value (31,253 a.u.). This reveals that it is possible to explore high-performance NLO materials based on suitable molecular incorporation. Besides, the present study is also expected to enrich the knowledge of the planar tetracoordinate carbon chemistry and boron chemistry.
A NOVEL SYNTHESIS METHOD FOR SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING MOLTEN ε-CAPROLACTAM AS SOLVENT AND REDUCING AGENT
Authors: LI PENG , XIA HOUSHENG , YANG GUISHENG
Published: July 2014

A precipitation–reduction synthesis method for silver nanoparticles ( Ag NPs) was developed. Molten ε-caprolactam (CL) was used not only as solvent but also as reducing agent and stabilizer. At first, Ag 2 O NPs was prepared by precipitation reaction of silver nitrate ( AgNO 3) and sodium hydroxide ( NaOH ) using molten CL as solvent at 100°C. Then, Ag 2 O NPs was in situ reduced into Ag NPs by molten CL at 120°C. Techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to monitor the synthesis process. With the increase of reduction time, monodispersed Ag 2 O NPs (ca. 3.7 nm) were integrated and larger Ag NPs (10–90 nm) were formed. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) results showed that the surface of Ag NPs was capped with about 0.9 wt.% of CL molecules. Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect of Ag NPs was investigated using Rhodamine 6G as a probe molecule.
Estimation of multivariate detection limits of four quality parameters in licorice using MEMS–NIR spectrometry coupled with two sampling accessories
Authors: Wu Zhisheng , Shi Xinyuan , Zhao Na , Pei Yanling , Xu Manfei , Zhou Luwei , Li Yang , Qiao Yanjiang
Published: July 2014

In this work, multivariate detection limits (MDL) estimator was obtained based on the micro-electro-mechanical systems–near infrared (MEMS–NIR) technology coupled with two sampling accessories to assess the detection capability of four quality parameters (glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritin, liquiritigenin and isoliquiritin) in licorice from different geographical regions. 112 licorice samples were divided into two parts (calibration set and prediction set) using Kennard–Stone (KS) method. Four quality parameters were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method according to Chinese pharmacopoeia and previous studies. The MEMS–NIR spectra were acquired from fiber optic probe (FOP) and integrating sphere, then the partial least squares (PLS) model was obtained using the optimum processing method. Chemometrics indicators have been utilized to assess the PLS model performance. Model assessment using chemometrics indicators is based on relative mean prediction error of all concentration levels, which indicated relatively low sensitivity for low-content analytes (below 1000 parts per million (ppm)). Therefore, MDL estimator was introduced with alpha error and beta error based on good prediction characteristic of low concentration levels. The result suggested that MEMS–NIR technology coupled with fiber optic probe (FOP) and integrating sphere was able to detect minor analytes. The result further demonstrated that integrating sphere mode (i.e., MDL0.05,0.05, 0.22%) was more robust than FOP mode (i.e., MDL0.05,0.05, 0.48%). In conclusion, this research proposed that MDL method was helpful to determine the detection capabilities of low-content analytes using MEMS–NIR technology and successful to compare two sampling accessories.
Li-rich layer-structured cathode materials for high energyLi-ion batteries
Authors: Li Liu , Lee Kim Seng , Lu Li
Published: July 2014

Li -rich layer-structured x Li2MnO3⋅ (1 - x) LiMO2( M = Mn , Ni , Co , etc.) materials have attracted much attention due to their extraordinarily high reversible capacity as the cathode material in Li -ion batteries. To better understand the nature of this type of materials, this paper reviews history of development of the Li -rich cathode materials, and provides in-depth study on complicated crystal structures and reaction mechanisms during electrochemical charge/discharge cycling. Despite the fabulous capability at low rate, several drawbacks still gap this type of high-capacity cathode materials from practical applications, for instance the large irreversible capacity loss at first cycle, poor rate capability, severe voltage decay and capacity fade during electrochemical charge/discharge cycling. This review will also address mechanisms for these inferior properties and propose various possible solutions to solve above issues for future utilization of these cathode materials in commercial Li -ion batteries.
THE EFFECT OF LIGHT-INDUCED METASTABLE DEFECTS ON THE MAGNETO-CONDUCTANCE OF POLY(PHENYLENE-VINYLENE) DIODES
Authors: GAUTAM BHOJ R. , NGUYEN THO D. , SUN DALI , VARDENY Z. VALY
Published: July 2014

We studied the changes in the magneto-conductance (MC) response in bipolar and unipolar organic diodes based on the π-conjugated polymer poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyl-oxy)-1,4-phenylene-vinylene] (MEH-PPV), upon prolonged illumination of light in the Visible–UV range. We found that the MC response in the hole-unipolar device gradually changes sign from negative to positive upon illumination, caused by the photogeneration of metastable donor-like defects in the MEH-PPV layer. This conclusion is supported by photoinduced absorption spectroscopy of pristine MEH-PPV film. In contrast, we found very little change in the MC response upon illumination of electron-unipolar devices; however, the MC response substantially increases in bipolar devices. We interpret the sign change in the MC response of hole-unipolar devices as due to illumination induced change in the spin-pairs that participate in the MC, from spin pairs of same charge to spin pairs of opposite charges.
Late Quaternary deep-sea ostracod taxonomy of the eastern North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Yasuhara Moriaki , Okahashi Hisayo
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Taxonomic revision and re-evaluation of the eastern North Atlantic deep-sea ostracods are conducted based on late Quaternary sediments from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Hole 982A, Rockall Plateau, eastern North Atlantic. Twenty-one genera and 51 species were examined and (re-)illustrated with high-resolution scanning electron microscopy images. Six new species are described: Polycope lunaris, Argilloecia labri, Bythoceratina nuda, Cytheropteron colesoabyssorum, Cytheropteron colesopunctatum and Cytheropteron paramediotumidum. Excellent fossil ostracod preservation in this sediment core enabled us to provide a robust taxonomic baseline of the eastern North Atlantic deep-sea ostracods for application to palaeoceanographical, palaeoecological and biogeographical studies.
Predicting and Identifying Missing Node Information in Social Networks
Authors: Eyal Ron , Rosenfeld Avi , Sina Sigal , Kraus Sarit
Published: July 2014

In recent years, social networks have surged in popularity. One key aspect of social network research is identifying important missing information that is not explicitly represented in the network, or is not visible to all. To date, this line of research typically focused on finding the connections that are missing between nodes, a challenge typically termed as the
link prediction problem
.

This article introduces the missing node identification problem, where missing members in the social network structure must be identified. In this problem, indications of missing nodes are assumed to exist. Given these indications and a partial network, we must assess which indications originate from the same missing node and determine the full network structure.

Toward solving this problem, we present the missing node identification by spectral clustering algorithm (MISC), an approach based on a spectral clustering algorithm, combined with nodes’ pairwise affinity measures that were adopted from link prediction research. We evaluate the performance of our approach in different problem settings and scenarios, using real-life data from Facebook. The results show that our approach has beneficial results and can be effective in solving the missing node identification problem. In addition, this article also presents R-MISC, which uses a sparse matrix representation, efficient algorithms for calculating the nodes’ pairwise affinity, and a proprietary dimension reduction technique to enable scaling the MISC algorithm to large networks of more than 100,000 nodes. Last, we consider problem settings where some of the indications are unknown. Two algorithms are suggested for this problem: speculative MISC, based on MISC, and missing link completion, based on classical link prediction literature. We show that speculative MISC outperforms missing link completion.
HSL_MI28
Authors: Scott Jennifer , Tůma Miroslav
Published: July 2014

This article focuses on the design and development of a new robust and efficient general-purpose incomplete Cholesky factorization package HSL_MI28, which is available within the HSL mathematical software library. It implements a limited memory approach that exploits ideas from the positive semidefinite Tismenetsky-Kaporin modification scheme and, through the incorporation of intermediate memory, is a generalization of the widely used ICFS algorithm of Lin and Moré. Both the density of the incomplete factor and the amount of memory used in its computation are under the user's control. The performance of HSL_MI28 is demonstrated using extensive numerical experiments involving a large set of test problems arising from a wide range of real-world applications. The numerical experiments are used to isolate the effects of scaling, ordering, and dropping strategies so as to assess their usefulness in the development of robust algebraic incomplete factorization preconditioners and to select default settings for HSL_MI28. They also illustrate the significant advantage of employing a modest amount of intermediate memory. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that, with limited memory, high-quality yet sparse general-purpose preconditioners are obtained. Comparisons are made with ICFS, with a level-based incomplete factorization code and, finally, with a state-of-the-art direct solver.