bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effekte des Organspendeskandals 2012 auf die Gewebespende am Institut für Rechtsmedizin München
Authors: Bender-Säbelkampf Sophia , Troschütz Stephan , Graw Matthias , Braun Christian
Published: May 2022

Hintergrund

Der Organspendeskandal (OSS) 2012 führte zu einem dramatischen Einbruch der Spendebereitschaft. Im Zeitraum nach dem OSS verantwortete die Rechtsmedizin München 2013–2015 mit 51 muskuloskeletalen, 145 Cornea- und 38 Herzklappenentnahmen zahlreiche Gewebespenden im süddeutschen Raum.

Fragestellung

Die Ziele dieser Studie waren die Bestimmung des Einflusses des OSS auf die Gewebespende sowie die Auswirkung des ärztlichen Aufklärungsgespräches auf das Entscheidungsverhalten der Angehörigen.

Material und Methoden

Die Protokolle der Aufklärungsgespräche mit den Angehörigen im Zeitraum von Juli 2012 bis Dezember 2015 wurden auf Diskussionen, Erwähnungen sowie Entscheidungsverhalten im Zusammenhang mit dem OSS evaluiert. Zudem erfolgte im Jahresabstand nach der Spende eine retrospektive Evaluation des Aufklärungsgespräches durch die Angehörigen anhand eines Fragenkatalogs mit 9 Items.

Ergebnisse

Bei 388 potenziellen Spendern lag die Zustimmung bei 54,9 %. In 40 Fällen war der OSS Diskussionspunkt und resultierte in 15 Fällen in Ablehnung. Davon wurde in 6 Fällen ein Spendeausweis zuvor vom Verstorbenen aufgrund des OSS vernichtet, wobei in 4 Fällen nach Diskussion mit den Angehörigen eine Zustimmung erreicht wurde. Insgesamt bewerteten 142 Angehörige das Aufklärungsgespräch als positiv und die Spende als sinnstiftend. Die Entscheidungen waren zu 100 % stabil.

Diskussion

Die guten Resultate der Evaluation sowie der dieses Spendeprojekt nur gering beeinflussende OSS beruhen vor allem auf der mit Empathie und Erfahrung durchgeführten Aufklärung. Zum Vertrauensaufbau der Bevölkerung benötigt es ärztlicherseits ein aktives Informationsangebot und lückenlose Transparenz.
Quasiconvexity, Null Lagrangians, and Hardy Space Integrability Under Constant Rank Constraints
Authors: Guerra André , Raiță Bogdan
Published: May 2022

We present a systematic treatment of the theory of Compensated Compactness under Murat’s constant rank assumption. We give a short proof of a sharp weak lower semicontinuity result for signed integrands, extending aspects of the results of Fonseca–Müller. The null Lagrangians are an important class of signed integrands, since they are the weakly continuous functions. We show that they are precisely the compensated compactness quantities with Hardy space integrability, thus proposing an answer to a question raised by Coifman–Lions–Meyer–Semmes. Finally we provide an effective way of computing the null Lagrangians associated with a given operator.
Complete Entropic Inequalities for Quantum Markov Chains
Authors: Gao Li , Rouzé Cambyse
Published: May 2022

We prove that every GNS-symmetric quantum Markov semigroup on a finite dimensional matrix algebra satisfies a modified log-Sobolev inequality. In the discrete time setting, we prove that every finite dimensional GNS-symmetric quantum channel satisfies a strong data processing inequality with respect to its decoherence free part. Moreover, we establish the first general approximate tensorization property of the relative entropy. This extends the famous strong subadditivity of the quantum entropy (SSA) of two subsystems to the general setting of two subalgebras. All three results are independent of the size of the environment and hence satisfy the tensorization property. They are obtained via a common, conceptually simple method for proving entropic inequalities via spectral or $$L_2$$

L
2

-estimates. As an application, we combine our results on the modified log-Sobolev inequality and approximate tensorization to derive tight bounds for local generators.
The Impact of Aeroform Tissue Expanders on the Outcomes of Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Awadeen Abdelrahman , Fareed Mohamed , Elameen Ali Mohamed
Published: May 2022

Background

Breast reconstruction can improve the quality of patients' lives by restoring the breasts' natural appearance. Saline-based tissue expanders are associated with significant drawbacks. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to reveal the usability, safety, and economic burden of AeroForm-based tissue expanders for breast reconstruction.

Methods

An extensive systematic literature review was implemented from inception to 9 December 2021. All clinical studies that included women with breast cancer subjected to AeroForm-based tissue expansion for breast reconstruction were included in the study.

Results

This systematic review included eleven articles consisting of 748 patients. There were 1220 reconstructed breasts in which 530 (43.44%) breasts were reconstructed using AeroForm devices. AeroForm-based tissue expanders were associated with shorter duration to complete breast expansion (MD-35.22; 95% -46.65, -23.78;P<0.001) and complete reconstruction (MD-30.511; 95% -54.659, -6.636;P=0.013). The overall satisfaction rate of the aesthetic results of the AeroForm expanders was 81.4% (95%CI; 60.3% to 92.6%,P=0.006) and 64.6% (95%CI; 53.8% to 74%,P=0.008) for patients and surgeons. Patients subjected to saline-based breast reconstruction were 1.17 times at high risk to develop breast-related adverse events (RR1.17; 95% 0.86, 1.58; P=0.31). This includes a high risk of mastectomy flap necrosis (RR1.91; 95% 1.03, 3.55;P=0.04) and post-operative wound infection (RR 1.63; 95% 0.91, 2.91;P=0.1).

Conclusion

AeroForm-based tissue expanders represent a new era of breast reconstruction. These devices provided an earlier transition to exchange for the permanent implant with a convenient and comfortable expansion process. This was associated with a high satisfaction rate for patients and surgeons.

Level of Evidence III

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Prevalence and Predictors of Suicidal Ideation in Patients Following Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Jarmoszewicz Krzysztof , Topolski Mariusz , Hajduk Adam , Banaszkiewicz Dorota , Nowicka‐Sauer Katarzyna
Published: May 2022

Background

Patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) which demand special attention and immediate help are referred to as PROs alert. Suicidal ideation (SI) is one of the PROs alerts which are insufficiently investigated. The aim was to assess the prevalence and risk factors for SI in patients following cardiac surgery.

Methods

A total of 190 patients (mean age: 66.09, SD = 10.19; 57 women) were assessed at three months following cardiac surgery. SI was identified using the Patient Health Qustionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) question. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale‐Modified was used to assess anxiety, depression, and irritability. Additionally, self‐perceived health improvement and level of hope were assessed using the Likert scale. Dyspnea and chest pain were assessed using a visual analogue scale.

Results

SI was observed in 14.7% of participants. Patients experiencing SI had significantly higher levels of depression, anxiety, irritability, dyspnea and chest pain. They perceived the surgery to be less effective and had lower levels of hope. No significant relationships were found regarding age, sex, employment status, myocardial infarction, heart failure, operation mode, type of procedure, extracorporal circulation, hospital stay and postsurgical complications. Logistic regression revealed female sex (B = 2.363), higher anxiety level (B = 0.451) and older age (B = 0.062) to be risk factors for SI. The total variance explained by the model was 46%.

Conclusions

Assessing suicidality and negative emotions with special emphasis on anxiety simultaneously with somatic complaints is vital to address PROs alerts and improve care for patients following cardiac surgery. In‐depth evaluation and psychological care are recommended in case of positive screening.
Attentional capture in emotion comparison is orientation independent
Authors: Baldassi Giulio , Murgia Mauro , Prpic Valter , Rigutti Sara , Domijan Dražen , Agostini Tiziano , Dissegna Andrea , Fantoni Carlo
Published: May 2022

Recent findings on emotion comparison show a typical pattern of motor reactivity rising from attentional capture. When pairs of emotional faces are presented simultaneously, the most intense emotional face is recognized faster (Emotional Semantic Congruency—ESC effect). Furthermore, a global response speed advantage for emotional pairs with positive rather than negative average emotion intensity is observed (i.e., emotional size effect), with the choice for the happiest face resulting in a faster response than the choice for the angriest face within the pair (i.e., the happiness advantage). In two experiments, we asked whether these effects are orientation dependent, and thus linked to whether face processing is holistic or part-based. Participants were asked to choose the angriest/happiest face in emotional pairs displayed either in upright or inverted orientation and including (Experiment 1) or not including (Experiment 2) a neutral face. Beyond an overall facilitation for upright relative to inverted pairs, results showed orientation independent ESC and emotional size effects. Furthermore, the happiness advantage was present in emotional pairs of Experiment 2 but not in emotional pairs of Experiment 1, independently from face orientation. Together, results suggest that attentional capture in emotion comparison is immaterial on the type of face processing, being orientation invariant.
Whole exome sequencing identifies novel germline variants of SLC15A4 gene as potentially cancer predisposing in familial colorectal cancer
Authors: Skopelitou Diamanto , Srivastava Aayushi , Miao Beiping , Kumar Abhishek , Dymerska Dagmara , Paramasivam Nagarajan , Schlesner Matthias , Lubinski Jan , Hemminki Kari , Försti Asta , Reddy Bandapalli Obul
Published: May 2022

About 15% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients have first-degree relatives affected by the same malignancy. However, for most families the cause of familial aggregation of CRC is unknown. To identify novel high-to-moderate-penetrance germline variants underlying CRC susceptibility, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) on four CRC cases and two unaffected members of a Polish family without any mutation in known CRC predisposition genes. After WES, we used our in-house developed Familial Cancer Variant Prioritization Pipeline and identified two novel variants in the solute carrier family 15 member 4 (SLC15A4) gene. The heterozygous missense variant, p. Y444C, was predicted to affect the phylogenetically conserved PTR2/POT domain and to have a deleterious effect on the function of the encoded peptide/histidine transporter. The other variant was located in the upstream region of the same gene (GRCh37.p13, 12_129308531_C_T; 43 bp upstream of transcription start site, ENST00000266771.5) and it was annotated to affect the promoter region of SLC15A4 as well as binding sites of 17 different transcription factors. Our findings of two distinct variants in the same gene may indicate a synergistic up-regulation of SLC15A4 as the underlying genetic cause and implicate this gene for the first time in genetic inheritance of familial CRC.
Natural second-order regularity for parabolic systems with operators having $$(p,\delta )$$-structure and depending only on the symmetric gradient
Authors: Berselli Luigi C. , Růžička Michael
Published: May 2022

In this paper we consider parabolic problems with stress tensor depending only on the symmetric gradient. By developing a new approximation method (which allows to use energy-type methods typical for linear problems) we provide an approach to obtain global regularity results valid for general potential operators with$$(p,\delta )$$(p,δ)-structure, for all$$p>1$$p>1and for all$$\delta >0$$δ>0. In this way we prove “natural” second order spatial regularity—up to the boundary—in the case of homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. The regularity results, are presented with full details for the parabolic setting in the case$$p>2$$p>2. However, the same method also yields regularity in the elliptic case and for$$1<p\le 2$$1<p≤2, thus proving in a different way results already known.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and production of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants
Authors: Zhao YanYan , Cartabia Annalisa , Lalaymia Ismahen , Declerck Stéphane
Published: May 2022

Medicinal plants are an important source of therapeutic compounds used in the treatment of many diseases since ancient times. Interestingly, they form associations with numerous microorganisms developing as endophytes or symbionts in different parts of the plants. Within the soil, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the most prevalent symbiotic microorganisms forming associations with more than 70% of vascular plants. In the last decade, a number of studies have reported the positive effects of AMF on improving the production and accumulation of important active compounds in medicinal plants.

In this work, we reviewed the literature on the effects of AMF on the production of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. The major findings are as follows: AMF impact the production of secondary metabolites either directly by increasing plant biomass or indirectly by stimulating secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways. The magnitude of the impact differs depending on the plant genotype, the AMF strain, and the environmental context (e.g., light, time of harvesting). Different methods of cultivation are used for the production of secondary metabolites by medicinal plants (e.g., greenhouse, aeroponics, hydroponics, in vitro and hairy root cultures) which also are compatible with AMF. In conclusion, the inoculation of medicinal plants with AMF is a real avenue for increasing the quantity and quality of secondary metabolites of pharmacological, medical, and cosmetic interest.
Effects of semantic relationship and preactivation on memory updating
Authors: Artuso Caterina , Bossi Francesco , Belacchi Carmen , Palladino Paola
Published: May 2022

Semantic relationship modulates working memory (WM) processes by promoting recall but impairing recognition. Updating is a core mechanism of WM responsible for its stability and flexibility; it allows maintenance of relevant information while removing no-longer relevant one. To our knowledge, no studies specifically investigated how WM updating may benefit from the processing of semantically related material. In the current study, two experiments were run with this aim. In Experiment 1, we found an advantage for semantically related words (vs. unrelated) regardless of their association type (i.e., taxonomic or thematic). A second experiment was run boosting semantic association through preactivation. Findings replicated those of Experiment 1 suggesting that preactivation was effective and improved semantic superiority. In sum, we demonstrated that long-term semantic associations benefitted the updating process, or more generally, overall WM function. In addition, pre-activating semantic nodes of a given word appears likely a process supporting WM and updating; thus, this may be the mechanism favoring word process and memorization in a semantically related text.
Bee gomogenat rescues lymphoid organs from degeneration by regulating the crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
Authors: Badr Gamal , Sayed Leila H. , Omar Hossam El-Din M. , ِAbd Elghaffar Sary Khaleel , Menshawy Medhat M.
Published: May 2022

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that causes severe complications in several tissues due to redox imbalances, which in turn cause defective angiogenesis in response to ischemia and activate a number of proinflammatory pathways. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of bee gomogenat (BG) dietary supplementation on the architecture of immune organs in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes (T1D) mouse model. Three animal groups were used: the control non-diabetic, diabetic, and BG-treated diabetic groups. STZ-induced diabetes was associated with increased levels of blood glucose, ROS, and IL-6 and decreased levels of IL-2, IL-7, IL-4, and GSH. Moreover, diabetic mice showed alterations in the expression of autophagy markers (LC3, Beclin-1, and P62) and apoptosis markers (Bcl-2 and Bax) in the thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes. Most importantly, the phosphorylation level of AKT (a promoter of cell survival) was significantly decreased, but the expression levels of MCP-1 and HSP-70 (markers of inflammation) were significantly increased in the spleen and lymph nodes in diabetic mice compared to control animals. Interestingly, oral supplementation with BG restored the levels of blood glucose, ROS, IL-6, IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, and GSH in diabetic mice. Treatment with BG significantly abrogated apoptosis and autophagy in lymphoid organs in diabetic mice by restoring the expression levels of LC3, Beclin-1, P62, Bcl-2, and Bax; decreasing inflammatory signals by downregulating the expression of MCP-1 and HSP-70; and promoting cell survival by enhancing the phosphorylation of AKT. Our data were the first to reveal the therapeutic potential of BG on the architecture of lymphoid organs and enhancing the immune system during T1D.
Carbon capture for decarbonisation of energy-intensive industries: a comparative review of techno-economic feasibility of solid looping cycles
Authors: Santos Mónica P. S. , Hanak Dawid P.
Published: May 2022

Carbon capture and storage will play a crucial role in industrial decarbonisation. However, the current literature presents a large variability in the techno-economic feasibility of CO2 capture technologies. Consequently, reliable pathways for carbon capture deployment in energy-intensive industries are still missing. This work provides a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art CO2 capture technologies for decarbonisation of the iron and steel, cement, petroleum refining, and pulp and paper industries. Amine scrubbing was shown to be the least feasible option, resulting in the average avoided CO2 cost of between $$62.7\;\mathrm{C}\!\!\!\!{\scriptstyle{{}^=}\,} \cdot {\rm{t}}_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}^{\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; - 1}$$ for the pulp and paper and $$104.6\;\mathrm{C}\!\!\!\!{\scriptstyle{{}^=}\,} \cdot {\rm{t}}_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}^{\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; - 1}$$ for the iron and steel industry. Its average equivalent energy requirement varied between 2.7 (iron and steel) and $$5.1\;\;{\rm{M}}{{\rm{J}}_{{\rm{th}}}} \cdot {\rm{kg}}_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}^{\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; - 1}$$ (cement). Retrofits of emerging calcium looping were shown to improve the overall viability of CO2 capture for industrial decarbonisation. Calcium looping was shown to result in the average avoided CO2 cost of between 32.7 (iron and steel) and $$42.9\;\mathrm{C}\!\!\!\!{\scriptstyle{{}^=}\,} \cdot {\rm{t}}_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}^{\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; - 1}$$ (cement). Its average equivalent energy requirement varied between 2.0 (iron and steel) and $$3.7\;\;{\rm{M}}{{\rm{J}}_{{\rm{th}}}} \cdot {\rm{kg}}_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}^{\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; - 1}$$ (pulp and paper). Such performance demonstrated the superiority of calcium looping for industrial decarbonisation. Further work should focus on standardising the techno-economic assessment of technologies for industrial decarbonisation.
Nickel pollution pathways in small ecosystem, Egypt
Authors: Said Ibrahim
Published: May 2022

Nickel has negative human health effects depending on dose and length of exposure; it is classified as a class 1 carcinogen. Nickel pollution threatens Saft Rashin village, Egypt. The area’s crops are highly contaminated with nickel, suggesting them as bioaccumulators. Nickel daily intake exceeds twofold the permissible limits. To fully understand the pollution process, Ni concentrations in every input/output were determined and have been normalized to grams per hectare per year (g ha−1year−1). Geochemical mass balance (GMB) revealed that dustfall is the major Ni input (88.8%) followed by P-fertilizers (11.2% of the total inputs). Nickel in dust is mainly related to traffic emissions. On the other hand, plant uptake removes about 90% of the total nickel input. The remaining 10% accumulates in the soil with a retention rate of 44.7 g ha−1year−1. Accordingly, using new diesel models that are more efficient and less polluting can reduce pollution levels; likewise, use eco-friendly fertilizers. Egyptian clover is recommended as a phytoremediator to remove Ni from growth media for its high efficiency and low planting cost.
Improving water quality, growth performance, and modulating some stress physiological biomarkers in Cyprinus carpio using raw date nuclei as a zinc adsorbent agent
Authors: Gharib Amany A. , Abdel-Hamid Eman A. A. , Mousa Mamdouh A. A. , Naiel Mohammed A. E.
Published: May 2022

Adsorption of heavy metals by affordable adsorbents has recently become one of the most often applied method for removing these metals from contaminated water. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of using raw date nuclei (RDN) as a natural and inexpensive adsorbent to remove Zn ions from contaminated water and reduce its impact on water quality, Zn bioaccumulation levels in fish organs, growth performance, and some physiological aspects of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) under sublethal concentrations. Five experimental groups were examined for eight weeks; CNT, control group rearing in clean water; RDN0, fish group rearing in Zn-contaminated water; RDN3, fish group rearing in Zn-contaminated water and treated with 3 g RDN/L; RDN4.5, fish group rearing in Zn-contaminated water and treated with 4.5 g RDN/L; RDN6, fish group rearing in Zn-contaminated water and treated with 6 g RDN/L. Water quality measures were monitored in a continuously manner without removing fish excreta or renewing water. The results showed that sublethal concentration of Zn alone significantly elevated the level of antioxidant biomarkers (SOD, superoxide dismutase; GST, glutathione transferases; GPX, glutathione peroxidase; CAT, catalase and MDA, malondialdehyde), significantly declined fish performance, increased Zn-accumulation in fish organs (gills and flesh) and increased the ammonia secretions in fish ponds compared to the control group. Zn concentrations in RDN-containing aquariums were significantly lower than in RDN-free aquariums, and Zn removal from polluted water was dependent on RDN dosage. Consequently, fish performance and serum bio-indicators enhanced in the presence of RDN in a fish group reared under sublethal Zn concentrations. In conclusion, although Zn caused toxicity in C. carpio at sublethal levels, treating Zn-contaminated water with RDN at a dosage of 6 g per liter effectively prevented oxidative stress and the harmful impacts of Zn exposure.
Lignans and sesquiterpenoids from the stems of Schisandra bicolor var. tuberculata
Authors: Zhang Shui-Mei , Hu Kun , Li Xiao-Nian , Sun Han-Dong , Puno Pema-Tenzin
Published: May 2022

A pair of new tetrahydrofuran lignan enantiomers, (±)-schibiculatin A [(±)-1], a new enedione lignan, schibiculatin B (2), two new cadinane-type sesquiterpenoids, schibiculatins C (3) and D (4), along with two known seco-cadinane-type sesquiterpenoids (5 and 6) and seven known miscellaneous lignans (7–13) were isolated from the stems of Schisandra bicolor var. tuberculata. The structures of 1–4 were elucidated by comprehensive analysis of their spectroscopic data, quantum chemical calculations, as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction. A few isolated compounds were tested for their protective activities against corticosterone-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Among them, compounds 5 and 6 showed moderate activities.

Graphical Abstract
The exact solutions of the conformable time fractional version of the generalized Pochhammer–Chree equation
Authors: AL Nuwairan Muneerah
Published: May 2022

The time-fractional version of the generalized Pochhammer–Chree equation is analyzed. In this paper, the equation is converted into an ordinary differential equation by applying certain real transformation, then the discrimination of polynomials system is used to find exact solutions depending on the fractional order derivative. The obtained solutions are graphically illustrated for different values of the fractional order derivative keeping the other parameters fixed.
Analysis of Rail Passenger Flow in a Rail Station Concourse Prior to and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Event-Based Simulation Models and Scenarios
Authors: Lee Jeremy , Marinov Marin
Published: May 2022

During COVID-19, certain means were proposed to improve crowd management in the Birmingham New Street railway station. To validate the current system of crowd management in the station, this paper examines the rail passenger flow in the concourse of the Birmingham New Street railway station and the passenger interactions and queueing phenomena associated with it, mainly at the ticket machines, offices and gates, prior to and during the implementation of COVID-19 measures. The passenger behaviour in the concourse of the station was simulated using the SIMUL8 event-based simulation modelling package. Three different scenarios were modelled to analyse the changes and impacts from pre-COVID-19 and within the COVID-19 context. The results revealed that passenger behaviour in railway stations is changing due to COVID-19. Specifically, passengers are more likely to buy tickets using their smartphones or online prior to or whilst entering the station so that they can go through the station concourse with minimal queuing times and avoid contact with a facility of common use at the station, whereas those without tickets are more likely to be in a queue to buy their tickets in the station. For pre-COVID, the results showed that even with a reduced number of ticket machines, overcrowding inside the station was unlikely to occur, as 80% of all passengers in the simulation completed service within a 15-minute time frame. However, during implementation of COVID-19 measures, as the number of passengers using the station dropped significantly and more passengers bought their tickets using their smartphones and/or online, queueing times were also shorter, and thus passengers spent less time in the system. The simulation results were in accordance with the expected practice; hence the effectiveness of the simulation model was verified. Overall, as a result of this study, the following suggestions to improve crowd management in a railway passenger station concourse are proposed: encourage passengers to purchase tickets on their smartphones, remove ticket gates and replace them with sensors, and provide a one-way passenger flow system in the main concourse of the station.
Multiplex graph matching matched filters
Authors: Pantazis Konstantinos , Sussman Daniel L. , Park Youngser , Li Zhirui , Priebe Carey E. , Lyzinski Vince
Published: May 2022

We consider the problem of detecting a noisy induced multiplex template network in a larger multiplex background network. Our approach, which extends the graph matching matched filter framework of Sussman et al. (IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 42(11):2887–2900, 2019) to the multiplex setting, utilizes a multiplex analogue of the classical graph matching problem to use the template as a matched filter for efficiently searching the background for candidate template matches. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated both theoretically and empirically, with particular attention paid to the potential benefits of considering multiple channels in the multiplex framework.
Soil Erosion Vulnerability Mapping in Selected Rural Communities of uThukela Catchment, South Africa, Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Ebhuoma Osadolor , Gebreslasie Michael , Ngetar Njoya Silas , Phinzi Kwanele , Bhattacharjee Shwarnali
Published: May 2022

Soil erosion remains one of the main causes of land degradation, affecting many countries across the globe including South Africa. In rural communities with much reliance on agriculture, soil erosion is an important threat to food security. Therefore, mapping erosion-prone areas is an essential step towards adopting appropriate erosion mitigation and soil conservation measures. The objectives of this study were to (i) assess and model soil erosion vulnerability based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach in Hoffenthal and KwaMaye communities within the uThukela Catchment, South Africa; and (ii) identify the relevant sustainable interventions and remedial strategies to combat soil erosion in the study area. The AHP was employed to map soil erosion vulnerability and derive the percentage weights of geo-environmental parameters contributing to soil erosion: rainfall, slope, drainage density, soil type, vegetation cover, and land use/land cover. The AHP model showed that slope, vegetation cover, and rainfall had the most considerable influence on soil erosion with factor weights of 29, 23, and 18%, respectively, in the study area. Further, this study revealed that high-risk soil erosion areas occupy 21% of the total study area, while very high-risk areas are about 14%, and the east and central areas are most vulnerable to soil erosion. Validation of the AHP model (overall accuracy = 85%; kappa coefficient = 0.70) results suggests that the predictive capacity of the model was satisfactory. Therefore, the developed soil erosion vulnerability model can serve as an important planning tool to prioritize areas for soil conservation and erosion management approaches like sustainable agriculture and bioengineering interventions.
Nachkontrolle beim kurativ behandelten Prostatakarzinom
Authors: Wetterauer Christian , Seifert Helge , Mortezavi Ashkan
Published: May 2022

Prostatakrebs ist in der Schweiz die häufigste Krebserkrankung bei Männern und die zweithäufigste Krebstodesursache. Doch die Heilungschancen sind gut, wenn ein Tumor im Frühstadium erkannt wird.

Eine kurative Therapie kann entweder durch die operative Entfernung der Prostata oder durch eine Strahlentherapie erreicht werden. Nach Abschluss der kurativen Behandlung beginnt die wichtige Phase der Nachsorge. Im Vordergrund steht hier das onkologische Ergebnis. Regelmässige PSA-Wert-Kontrollen helfen dabei, ein Rezidiv oder eine Metastasierung des Tumors frühzeitig zu erkennen und behandeln zu können. Von grosser Bedeutung sind auch die funktionellen postoperativen Ergebnisse wie Kontinenz und erektile Funktion sowie die Behandlung von physischen und psychischen Begleit- und Folgeerkrankungen, die nach einer Operation oder Bestrahlung auftreten können.

Nur durch eine gezielte und regelmässige Nachsorge kann eine ganzheitlich optimale onkologische, funktionelle und psychologische Betreuung der Patienten gewährleistet werden.
Multiband superconductivity in SrFe2−xNixAs2
Authors: Usoltsev A. S. , Sadakov A. V. , Sobolevskiy O. A. , Vlasenko V. A. , Pervakov K. S. , Polianskaya E. A. , Maltsev E. I.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we present a detailed study of the upper critical field and the energy gap structure of SrFe2−xNixAs2 single crystals with different nickel doping levels. Superconducting transitions were measured resistively in longitudinal and transverse magnetic fields up to 16T. The anisotropy of the upper critical field Hc2||ab/Hc2||c decreases monotonically to 1.4 with decreasing temperature for all measured samples. The WHH model was not able to fit measured Hc2(T) temperature dependences well, but the effective two-band model is in good agreement with the data and anisotropy behavior. Values and temperature dependences of superconducting gaps were determined directly by multiple Andreev reflection spectroscopy on symmetrical SnS junctions. Andreev reflections study revealed two superconducting gaps; our data are in line with the experimental results on most iron-based superconductors.

Article highlights

We obtained values and temperature dependencies of two distinct energy gaps in SrFe2−xNixAs2 (Sr-122) superconductor. This is important addition to multiband superconductivity studies in Sr-122 system. Upper critical field temperature dependencies in H||c and H||ab orientations are analyzed in terms of two band model.
Electrospun nanofibrous membrane for biomedical application
Authors: Yan Bomin , Zhang Yiwen , Li Zhixiang , Zhou Pinghui , Mao Yingji
Published: May 2022

Electrospinning is a simple, cost-effective, flexible, and feasible continuous micro-nano polymer fiber preparation technology that has attracted extensive scientific and industrial interest over the past few decades, owing to its versatility and ability to manufacture highly tunable nanofiber networks. Nanofiber membrane materials prepared using electrospinning have excellent properties suitable for biomedical applications, such as a high specific surface area, strong plasticity, and the ability to manipulate their nanofiber components to obtain the desired properties and functions. With the increasing popularity of nanomaterials in this century, electrospun nanofiber membranes are gradually becoming widely used in various medical fields. Here, the research progress of electrospun nanofiber membrane materials is reviewed, including the basic electrospinning process and the development of the materials as well as their biomedical applications. The main purpose of this review is to discuss the latest research progress on electrospun nanofiber membrane materials and the various new electrospinning technologies that have emerged in recent years for various applications in the medical field. The application of electrospun nanofiber membrane materials in recent years in tissue engineering, wound dressing, cancer diagnosis and treatment, medical protective equipment, and other fields is the main topic of discussion in this review. Finally, the development of electrospun nanofiber membrane materials in the biomedical field is systematically summarized and prospects are discussed. In general, electrospinning has profound prospects in biomedical applications, as it is a practical and flexible technology used for the fabrication of microfibers and nanofibers.
Mental Illness
Authors: Thornton Tim
Published: May 2022

The very idea of mental illness is contested. Given its differences from physical illnesses, is it right to count it, and particular mental illnesses, as genuinely medical as opposed to moral matters? One debate concerns its value-ladenness, which has been used by anti-psychiatrists to argue that it does not exist. Recent attempts to define mental illness divide both on the presence of values and on their consequences. Philosophers and psychiatrists have explored the nature of the general kinds that mental illnesses might comprise, influenced by psychiatric taxonomies such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual and the International Classification of Diseases, and the rise of a rival biological 'meta-taxonomy': the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). The assumption that the concept of mental illness has a culturally invariant core has also been questioned. This Element serves as a guide to these contested debates.
Prehistoric Human Occupation of Southern Andean Forests: Evidence from Alero Largo, Aysén, Chilean Patagonia
Authors: Garvey Raven , Silva Carrasco Eduardo , Roa Solís Constanza , Charó Bortolaso Camila
Published: May 2022

Use of Patagonia's forests by hunter-gatherers remains relatively poorly understood. Regional archaeological records indicate initial forest colonization during the middle Holocene, infrequent use until late prehistory, and, even then, fairly sparse occupation, likely in conjunction with use of the adjacent steppe. Recent excavations at Río Ibáñez-6 West in Aysén, Chile, provide a new perspective for understanding the prehistoric use of Patagonian forests, particularly regarding timing of the initial occupation and the potential for development of a forest-specific adaptation. We provide chronological, lithic, archaeofaunal, and macrobotanical data that show use of the Ibáñez River valley at least a millennium earlier than previously documented. These data indicate increased dietary breadth in late prehistory, supporting the established hypothesis that the valley became a closed system at that time. From our data we develop hypotheses regarding prehistoric forest use in Aysén that have implications for the broader understanding of the suitability of the forest for prehistoric human foragers.
Wartime Civilian Mobilization: Demographic Profile, Motivations, and Pathways to Volunteer Engagement Amidst the Donbas War in Ukraine
Authors: Stepaniuk Nataliia
Published: May 2022

This article examines civilian mobilization amidst the Donbas war, Ukraine. It focuses on ordinary residents of the frontline regions who voluntarily got together to address the humanitarian and military consequences of war in the environment of lacking state support. It explores the micro-level dynamics of mobilization, particularly the demographic profile of civilian volunteers, their motivations to join, and pathways to engagement. In so doing, it provides an account of how ordinary residents of seemingly passive regions – Southern and Eastern Ukraine – become active in times of crisis. Contrary to the mainstream accounts that credit civilian mobilization to the rise of patriotism in wartime, it demonstrates that local security concerns and affective reactions to the heightened precarity of others are crucial factors that propel collective action at the rear. In the case of Ukraine, the efficiency of wartime mobilization was increased through the structures that emerged during the proceeding Maidan protests, as well as preexisting private and entrepreneurial networks. By employing ethnographic tools of inquiry, the article interrogates the mobilizing potential of seemingly latent communities in times of crisis and contributes to the literature on wartime collective action at the rear.
Thefhdpolarised imaging pipeline: A new approach to widefield interferometric polarimetry
Authors: Byrne Ruby L. , Morales Miguel F. , Hazelton Bryna , Sullivan Ian , Barry Nichole
Published: May 2022

We describe a new polarised imaging pipeline implemented in thefhdsoftware package. The pipeline is based on the optimal mapmaking imaging approach and performs horizon-to-horizon image reconstruction in all polarisation modes. We discuss the formalism behind the pipeline’s polarised analysis, describing equivalent representations of the polarised beam response, or Jones matrix. We show that, for arrays where antennas have uniform polarisation alignments, defining a non-orthogonal instrumental polarisation basis enables accurate and efficient image reconstruction. Finally, we present a new calibration approach that leverages widefield effects to perform fully polarised calibration. This analysis pipeline underlies the analysis of Murchison Widefield Array data in Byrne et al. (2022, MNRAS, 510, 2011).
Existential indefinite constructions, in the world and in Mainland Southeast Asia
Authors: VAN DER AUWERA JOHAN , NGUYEN HAI QUAN , POTHIPATH VIPAS , SIEBENHÜTTER STEFANIE
Published: May 2022

In some languages assertions about ‘somebody’ or ‘nobody’ are existential in a strong sense, i.e. they need or prominently allow an explicit syntactic marker of existence (‘there is’, ‘exist’). This paper presents a state-of-the-art typology of existential indefinite constructions and finds the typological understanding to be inconclusive in many respects. The paper responds to this inconclusiveness with a study of the existential indefinite constructions in four mainland Southeast Asian languages, namely Thai, Lao, Vietnamese, and Khmer. These are languages in which existential indefinite constructions take pride of place, although the typological literature has not acknowledged this. The paper then sketches the implications of the study of the aforementioned languages for typology.
Object drop in Spanish is not island-sensitive
Authors: VERDECCHIA MATÍAS
Published: May 2022

Campos (1986) argues that object drop in Spanish exhibits island effects. This claim has remained unchallenged up to today and is largely assumed in the literature. In this paper, I show that this characterization is not empirically correct: given a proper discourse context, null objects can easily appear within a syntactic island in Spanish. This observation constitutes a non-trivial problem for object drop analyses based on movement.
What can the implicit social cognition literature teach us about implicit social cognition?
Authors: Kurdi Benedek , Dunham Yarrow
Published: May 2022

We highlight several sets of findings from the past decade elucidating the relationship between implicit social cognition and real-world inequality: Studies focusing on practical ramifications of implicit social cognition in applied contexts, the relationship between implicit social cognition and consequential real-world outcomes at the level of individuals and geographic units, and convergence between individual-level and corpus-based measures of implicit bias.
Fighting over who dictates the nature of prejudice
Authors: Hodson Gordon
Published: May 2022

A growing trend, reflected in the target article, effectively shifts control of prejudice operationalization to align with right-leaning priorities (and away from disadvantaged groups' voices and social justice). The article would only be compelling if experiments misaligned with real-world findings, if experimenters ignored nuances and moderators, and if the call to consider the social context included the macro-level societal context.
Centering the relationship between structural racism and individual bias
Authors: Fuentes Agustín , Ralph Laurence , Roberts Dorothy E.
Published: May 2022

Cesario misrepresents or ignores data on real-world racist and sexist patterns and processes in an attempt to discredit the assumptions of implicit bias experimentation. His position stands in stark contradiction to substantive research across the social sciences recognizing the widespread, systematic, and structuring processes of racism and sexism. We argue for centering the relationship between structural racism and individual bias.
The importance of ecological validity, ultimate causation, and natural categories
Authors: Salmon Catherine A. , Hehman Jessica A.
Published: May 2022

The target article raises important questions about the applicability of experimental social psychology research on topics with policy implications. This commentary focuses on the importance of attending to a variety of factors to improve ecological validity as well as considering the ultimate factors shaping behavior and the role of natural categories in the stability of stereotypes and their influence.
Beyond stereotypes: Prejudice as an important missing force explaining group disparities
Authors: Essien Iniobong , Stelter Marleen , Rohmann Anette , Degner Juliane
Published: May 2022

We comment on Cesario's assertion that social psychological intergroup research focuses solely on stereotypes, neglecting actual differences between groups to explain group disparities. This reasoning, however, misses yet another explaining force: In addition to stereotypes, ample laboratory and field research documents relationships between group disparities, discrimination, and prejudice, which cannot be explained by people's accurate judgments of real-world group differences.
Missing context from experimental studies amplifies, rather than negates, racial bias in the real world
Authors: Jasperse Leland , Stillerman Benjamin S. , Amodio David M.
Published: May 2022

We agree with Cesario's premise but reject his conclusion: Although experimental studies of racial stereotyping, weapons perception, and shoot decisions typically exclude real-world contextual factors and thus have limited relevance to race disparities (e.g., in policing), these excluded factors comprise systemic, institutional, and individual-level biases that are more likely to amplify racial disparities than negate them.
Experimental studies of bias: Imperfect but neither useless nor unique
Authors: Burt Callie H. , Boutwell Brian B.
Published: May 2022

Cesario provides a compelling critique of the use of experimental social psychology to explain real-world group disparities. We concur with his targeted critique and extend “the problem of missing information” to another common measures of bias. We disagree with Cesario's broader argument that the entire enterprise be abandoned, suggesting instead targeted utilization. Finally, we question whether the critique is appropriately directed at experimental social psychologists.
Role of systemic immune-inflammatory index in early diagnosis of sepsis in newborns with CHD
Authors: Aydogan Seda , Dilli Dilek , Soysal Caganay , Akduman Hasan , Örün Utku Arman , Taşar Mehmet , Taşoglu Irfan , Zenciroglu Ayşegül
Published: May 2022

Objective:

Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are the most common causes of birth defects that have increased the risk of infections. Neonatal sepsis is a life-threatening condition and early diagnosis can be life-saving. We aimed to evaluate the potential role of the systemic immune-inflammatory index in the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 166 newborns with a diagnosis of neonatal sepsis who were admitted to our hospital with CHD between January 2017 and June 2021. Haematological indices including neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, platelet/lymphocyte ratio, and systemic immune-inflammatory index were calculated for all patients at the time of diagnosis of neonatal sepsis (sepsis). The sepsis values of these indices were compared with the admission values (pre-sepsis) of the patients.

Results:

The mean gestational age and birth weight of the patients were 38.36 ± 1.42 weeks and 3057.75 ± 484.68 g. It was found that absolute neutrophil count, systemic immune-inflammatory index, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, but not platelet/lymphocyte ratio were significantly increased at the time of sepsis. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that systemic immune-inflammatory index, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and absolute neutrophil count have predictive ability to define neonatal sepsis among newborns with CHD. The systemic immune-inflammatory index produced an area under the curve receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.76 (70% sensitivity, 70.5% specificity). To discriminate neonatal sepsis, the cut-off values of systemic immune-inflammatory index, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and absolute neutrophil count were 517.19, 2.62, and 9210/mm3, respectively.

Conclusion:

As an easily accessible and reliable indicator, systemic immune-inflammatory index may be used in combination with the other parameters in the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.
Implications of present-biased preferences on inheritance taxes
Authors: Bishnu Monisankar , Kumru Cagri S. , Nakornthab Arm
Published: May 2022

We model an economy where present biased preferences affect the bequest leaving decisions. Using Bequest in the Utility (BIU) setup, we show that the optimal inheritance tax rate under present bias can be derived in terms of estimable sufficient statistics. This optimal tax rate decreases with the level of temptation and a subsidy can be optimal at some level of bequests received. We then use the Barro-Becker Dynastic (BBD) setup to derive the expression for the optimal inheritance tax rates. We observe that if the agents internalize the taxes on the amount of bequest that they leave (sensitive generations), present bias and optimal tax rates are negatively related as in BIU, that is, providing an incentive by extending subsidies or lowering taxes is recommended to subside the effects of temptation. However, if agents ignore the taxes to be paid by their descendants on the inheritance left (ignorant generations), optimal tax rates increase with the level of present bias. This is because the present bias reduces the tax base and the rationale of providing incentives does not work anymore. Our calibration exercise supports all these theoretical findings.