bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ARE HUMAN RIGHTS THE RIGHTS WE HAVE?
Authors: Gordillo Sánchez Daniel Guillermo , Pessoa de Carvalho Maria Eulina
Published: February 2024

In the last years, due to a serious humanitarian crisis, over seven million Venezuelans have left their country, and many are moving to Brazil as their migration destination. For Venezuelan families, education represents an opportunity for integration and inclusion in the host society. However, Venezuelan students in highschool face several obstacles in preparing to take the ENEM, a national exam of access to higher education in Brazil. Based on literature about the ENEM and migrants in Brazil, as well as on ethnographic research conducted in two public schools in the state of Paraíba, this article describes the difficulties and challenges that the ENEM, specifically its essay section, imposes on Venezuelan students. The results indicate that they face significant challenges related to Portuguese language and institutional barriers. In addition, ENEM’s essay is perceived as the biggest challenge, which results from their lack of socio-cultural repertoire on Brazil. It makes the production of a dissertative-argumentative text even more difficult, as it demands reflection on Brazilian socio-cultural themes and a proposal of social intervention that respects human rights.
La vida en los bordes urbanos
Authors: Soldano Daniela , Carné Martín
Published: February 2024

Los cambios en la organización capitalista y periférica de la producción y distribución de bienes y servicios imprimen una fisonomía crecientemente híbrida al territorio. Esto encuentra en las áreas de borde o periurbanas un locus privilegiado de observación. En ellas se despliegan relaciones sociales que, atravesadas por nuevos arreglos espaciales, expresan atributos novedosos que interpelan y/o desafían tanto pautas de intervención estatal como perspectivas teóricas y metodológicas de larga tradición. El presente dossier de la Revista Desarrollo, Estado y Espacio problematiza estos tópicos recuperando nueve artículos presentados en la Tercera Jornada de Estudios Urbanos y Territoriales del Instituto de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales del Litoral (UNL-CONICET) y las Séptimas Jornadas de Investigadorxs en Políticas Sociales Urbanas de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral que tuvieron lugar hacia noviembre de 2022 en la ciudad de Santa Fe, Argentina.
Reseña: Cómo hacen los pobres para sobrevivir, de Auyero, Javier y Servián, Sofía
Authors: Dellacqua Rafael
Published: February 2024

Reseña: Cómo hacen los pobres para sobrevivir, de Auyero, Javier y Servián, Sofía
An Ensemble Model for Detection of Adverse Drug Reactions
Authors: Nafea Ahmed A. , Ibrahim Mustafa S. , Mukhlif Abdulrahman A. , AL-Ani Mohammed M. , Omar Nazlia
Published: February 2024

The detection of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) plays a necessary role in comprehending the safety and benefit profiles of medicines. Although spontaneous reporting stays the standard approach for ADR documents, it suffers from significant under reporting rates and limitations in terms of treatment inspection. This study proposes an ensemble model that combines decision trees, support vector machines, random forests, and adaptive boosting (ADA-boost) to improve ADR detection. The experimental evaluation applied the benchmark data set and many preprocessing techniques such as tokenization, stop-word removal, stemming, and utilization of Point-wise Mutual Information. In addition, two term representations, namely, term frequency-inverse document frequency and term frequency, are utilized. The proposed ensemble model achieves an F-measure of 89% on the dataset. The proposed ensemble model shows its ability in detecting ADR to be a favored option in achieving both accuracy and clarity.
Nos3 Gene Rs1799983 and Rs2070744 Polymorphisms in Patients with Periodontal Disease
Authors: Mazurek-Mochol M. , Kozak M. , Sawczuk M. , Maciejewska A. , Malinowski D. , Safranow K. , Pawlik Andrzej
Published: February 2024

Periodontal disease is a common oral disease. Inflammatory and immune responses to oral microorganisms initiate the development of periodontitis. Cigarette smoking is an important environmental risk factor for periodontitis. Another important inflammatory mediator is nitric oxide (NO). NO modulates vascular tone, microvascular permeability, leukocyte migration and oxidative activity, contributing to the direct killing of microorganisms. Several polymorphisms of the NOS3 gene have been detected, which may alter gene expression and NO synthesis. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the NOS3 rs1799983 and rs2070744 polymorphisms and periodontal disease. This study enrolled 200 patients with periodontal diseases (130 were non-smokers and 70 were smokers) and 160 control subjects (126 were non-smokers and 34 were smokers). Among the patients with periodontal disease, we observed a statistically increased frequency of patients with the CT genotype (TC vs. TT; 95%CI 1.83, OR 1.16–2.88, P = 0.011). There was a statistically significant increased frequency of CT genotype carriers among non-smoking patients with periodontal disease as compared with non-smoking controls, whereas there were no statistically significant differences between smoking patients with periodontal disease and smoking control subjects. The results of our study suggest an association between the NOS3 rs2070744 polymorphism and periodontal disease.
C
1,α-rectifiability in low codimension in Heisenberg groups
Authors: Idu Kennedy Obinna , Maiale Francesco Paolo
Published: February 2024

A natural higher-order notion of

C

1
,
α

{C}^{1,\alpha }

-rectifiability,

0
<
α
≤
1

0\lt \alpha \le 1

, is introduced for subsets of the Heisenberg groups

H

n

{{\mathbb{H}}}^{n}

in terms of covering a set almost everywhere with a countable union of

(

C

H

1
,
α

,
H

)

\left({{\bf{C}}}_{H}^{1,\alpha },{\mathbb{H}})

-regular surfaces. Using this, we prove a geometric characterization of

C

1
,
α

{C}^{1,\alpha }

-rectifiable sets of low codimension in Heisenberg groups

H

n

{{\mathbb{H}}}^{n}

in terms of an almost everywhere existence of suitable approximate tangent paraboloids.
Use of enzymatic processes in the tanning of leather materials
Authors: Lasoń-Rydel Magdalena , Sieczyńska Katarzyna , Gendaszewska Dorota , Ławińska Katarzyna , Olejnik Tomasz P.
Published: February 2024

The policy of sustainable development, the need to save natural environmental resources, and the use of waste as raw materials in new production processes allow the use of enzymes in many industries. Enzymatic tanning and chrome tanning are two different methods used in the leather industry to transform raw hides into a durable and usable material. Enzymatic tanning uses natural enzymes that are biodegradable and environmentally friendly. Additionally, enzymatic tanning requires less water and generates less waste than chrome tanning. Moreover, enzymatic tanning can result in softer and more flexible leather with better uniformity. Enzymes selectively break down collagen fibers, resulting in a more even tanning and a consistent leather product. The use of combined enzymatic technologies with non-obvious leather finishing methodologies in tanning is forced by European Union regulations limiting the use of hazardous substances and generating significant amounts of corrosive wastewater for the environment. However, tanning with enzymes is not a perfect process; therefore, this work presents the advantages and disadvantages of tanning with enzymes and describes new technological trends in the tanning industry.
Ultra-low-power CMOS ring oscillator with minimum power consumption of 2.9 pW using low-voltage biasing technique
Authors: Al-Shebanee Durgham
Published: February 2024

The need for low-power low-voltage circuit so lutions increases significantly with the rapid spread of wireless sensor network (WSN) and energy harvesting applications. The design of Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) oscillators in sub-threshold region is challenged by the limits of the minimum start-up sup ply voltage, the power available from the harvester, die area, the demand of fully integrated CMOS circuits, and the additional auxiliary circuits that are needed to stabilize the frequency vs a supply voltage V
DD. In this work, low-power CMOS oscillator with a simplified design is proposed in order to overcome the aforementioned obstacles. The circuit is designed using 2.5 µm 2-polySi 2-metal CMOS technology from IMB–CNM (CSIC) [1] with a threshold voltage of n-channel metal oxide semiconductor NMOS and p-channel metal oxide semiconductor PMOS transistors of 0.86 and −1.52 V, respectively. The suggested oscillator is capable to start up even in the deep sub-threshold region at V
DD of 0.25 V. Accordingly, the minimum power consumption is 2.9 pW with an oscillation frequency of 2 Hz. The circuit can produce a P–P voltage of the oscillation signal equal to the supply voltage within a power supply range of 0.25–1.25 V.
Low alkaline vegetation concrete with silica fume and nano-fly ash composites to improve the planting properties and soil ecology
Authors: Ganapathy Ganesh Prabhu , Kaliyappan Shunmuga Priya , Ramamoorthy Venkada Lakshmi , Shanmugam Sethuraman , AlObaid Abeer , Warad Ismail , Velusamy Sampathkumar , Achuthan Aravindan , Sundaram Hemavathi , Vinayagam Mohanavel , Sivakumar Vivek
Published: February 2024

Slope protection and erosion management are severely hampered by the rapid infrastructure development in mountainous valleys, especially during the monsoon season. While conventional approaches like vegetation, porous concrete, and inorganic procedures have been used, stronger and more ecologically friendly alternatives are still needed. A new kind of concrete called vegetation concrete (VC) allows roots to grow through the concrete frame by combining plant integration with porous concrete. This creative method might be used for environmentally friendly building and planting. The alkalinity of VC significantly impacts its planting capabilities and soil nutrient levels, making it crucial to reduce VC alkalinity. In this study, silica fume (SF) and fly ash (FA) were combined to create low-alkaline VC. The effects of SF and FA on VC’s alkalinity, porosity, compressive strength, and planting characteristics were examined. The study also investigated VC’s influence on soil fertility and its impact on soil nutrients. Test results revealed that SF and FA reduced the pH of the VC by reducing calcium hydroxide (CH) crystals. While SF had a lower basicity coefficient (M) than FA, it had a more significant effect on lowering VC alkalinity. The compressive strength decreased with FA but increased with SF, despite SF having a smaller cement component in VC–SF mixes. This suggests that blending VC with SF and FA is feasible, with the SF dosage exceeding the FA dosage for reduced alkalinity and increased strength. Lowering VC alkalinity through SF and FA increased soil nutrients, including hydrolyzable nitrogen (AH-N), extractable phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). It also improved planting properties like root development, stem height, and leaf relative water content. Using VC for soil stabilization did not reduce soil fertility but instead increased the available phosphorus and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in the soil by 32.81 and 52.92%, respectively. The findings of this study open up new avenues for investigation into this technology and have important ramifications for the use of VC technology, particularly in Indian contexts.
Points de vue d’élèves ayant des besoins particuliers et de leurs personnes intervenantes sur un Programme d’activités de plein air
Authors: Ouellet Cassandre , Tavares-Lemay Alexandra , Grenier Johanne
Published: February 2024

Les élèves ayant des besoins particuliers (EBP) éprouvent des difficultés de participation en éducation physique (Wang, 2019). Les activités de plein air peuvent pallier leurs difficultés par leur effet sur le sentiment d’efficacité personnelle (Russell et Walsh, 2011). Le but de la recherche est de décrire les perceptions d’EBP (n=12) du secondaire et de personnes intervenantes (n=6) sur un Programme d’activités de plein air. Des entrevues semi- dirigées révèlent des propos associés aux expériences vicariantes, aux expériences actives de maitrise et à la persuasion verbale (Bandura, 2007), entre autres, par l’établissement d’un climat émotionnel sécuritaire et aux défis optimaux offerts.
Adoption: current issues and solutions
Authors: Skhab-Buchynska T.Ia.
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the study of problems arising in the process of adoption of children - citizens of Ukraine. The author analyzes a number of legal acts that regulate the adoption procedure step by step, examines the judicial practice and the practice of taking a child to the adoptive family. The study reveals a number of problems that arise at almost all stages of adoption. It was found out that the legislator aims to simplify the mechanism of submitting documents for the possibility of being registered, however, today the process of transferring documents through the Diia portal does not work in full, and potential adoptive parents need to apply to the authorized body with the entire package of documents. A significant problem today is that the legislator has not enshrined a specific list of grounds that would allow the court to separate siblings and place them for adoption in different families. The legislator in the provisions of this article states that separation is possible in the presence of circumstances of significant importance. It is the court in each individual case that decides on separation, depending on the circumstances. The submitted study proposes to consolidate in the Family Code of Ukraine and the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine «On Approval of the Procedure for Conducting Adoption Activities and Supervising the Observance of the Rights of Adopted Children» a list of grounds under which it would be possible to separate siblings for adoption.
Use of collection samples in the process of performing forensic examinations
Authors: Kaduk S.V.
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the coverage of an urgent problem in forensic science regarding the use of collection samples in the process of performing forensic examinations.A modern forensic examination usually cannot be conducted unless the initial data is supplemented with scientific information contained in various sources: natural sample collections, scientific and technical literature, diagrams, catalogs, and regulatory and technical documentation. Solving expert tasks involves processing a large amount of information. The availability of the necessary information in the arsenal of forensic experts and forensic scientists largely determines the successful process and completion of the investigation.The objects of forensic research are: material evidence, documents, objects, animals, people, corpses and their parts, samples for comparative research, as well as case materials in respect of which forensic examination is carried out.Reference and auxiliary records of the forensic registration system are a means of solving various expert tasks, as they ensure the accumulation, processing, storage, search and rational use of auxiliary objects and reference information about them.Different types of collections help experts to study a variety of objects, navigate a large amount of information, develop observation skills, the ability to correctly assess features and isolate them. For example, during seminars, training sessions, internships, etc. on improving the effectiveness of the use of forensic tools and methods in the fight against crime, as well as during training and retraining sessions for expert personnel in the areas of activity, the relevant types of natural collections are demonstrated in the lecture topics.
Parties of the shareholder agreement
Authors: Syhydyn M.M.
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the composition of the parties in the shareholder agreement. The legal status of the shareholders and other parties of the corporate agreement is being investigated.It is emphasized that a narrow understanding of the corporate contract was established in the doctrine of corporate law for a long time, according to which the parties to the shareholder agreement can only be shareholders of the company (all or several).It is noted that the potential parties of the shareholder agreement are the participants of a corporate-type legal entity who possess the appropriate number of corporate rights in relation to it. They can be business entities, other participants in economic relations (consumers, state authorities and local self-government bodies endowed with economic competence, as well as citizens, public and other organizations), who act as company’s founders.Attention is drawn to the fact that the subject composition of the corporate agreement has been expanded in the new Corporation Act: a shareholder agreement is an agreement under which the company’s shareholders undertake to exercise their rights and powers in a certain way or refrain from exercising them. At the same time, the joint-stock company (corporation) itself and third parties can also be additional parties to the shareholder agreement.It is emphasized that today the approach to understanding the shareholder agreement in a broader sense has been established.The author concludes that the parties of a shareholder agreement are: 1) shareholders and other participants in internal corporate legal relations: the company, members of the board, supervisory board or corporate secretary. Thereby, the prerequisites are created for the construction of such a structure of corporate governance at an individual company, which will best meet the requests of all groups of stakeholders (shareholders, the company, creditors, officials of management bodies); 2) participants in external legal relations, i.e. relations that arise in the course of the corporation’s business activities.
Liability for the encroachment on the activities of judges under the legislation of some states of the EU
Authors: Tesliuk D.Iu.
Published: February 2024

The article analyzes the criminal laws of some member states of the European Union in terms of the reflection of criminal offenses related to the encroachment on the activities of judges. In particular, the criminal laws of the countries characterized by the highest Rule of Law Index Scored by Criminal Justice in 2023 were studied: the Republic of Finland, the Kingdom of Denmark, the Kingdom of Sweden, the Republic of Austria, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Republic of Estonia, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. The conducted research allowed to compare the criminal law regulation of the relevant sphere of public relations in Ukraine and the above-mentioned states and to make some suggestions for improvement of the current Criminal Code of Ukraine in the analyzed part.It is found out that the criminal legislation of the Republic of Finland, the Kingdom of Denmark, the Kingdom of Sweden, and the Kingdom of the Netherlands does not contain any special norms on the encroachment on the activities of judges, and “influence” on judges due to their activities is being qualified as an encroachment in a particular form on the activities of a public official. The criminal laws of the Republic of Austria and the Federal Republic of Germany provide for special norms on certain forms of encroachment on judges of certain courts only, who are named as victims in the same articles along with other special victims. Only the criminal laws of the Republic of Estonia and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg contain special norms on certain forms of encroachment on the activities of judges, but these norms mention judges together with other special victims.The fact that none of the analyzed criminal laws of the European Union member states with the highest Rule of Law Index Scored by Criminal Justice has separate norms on the encroachment on the activities of judges exclusively (the judge is either not directly identified as a victim at all, or may be directly mentioned in a particular article of the criminal law, but alongside other special victims), allows us to express doubts about the expediency of having special norms on the encroachment on the activities of judges in the current Criminal Code of Ukraine.
Charles H. Lankester y el desarrollo histórico del Jardín Botánico Lankester: línea de tiempo y bibliografía anotada
Authors: Blanco Mario A.
Published: February 2024

Se presenta una línea de tiempo con los principales eventos en la vida de Charles Herbert Lankester (1879–1969), resaltando su trabajo como naturalista y su interés científico y hortícola por las orquídeas y otras plantas, así como la transformación de su propiedad “El Silvestre” en el Jardín Botánico Lankester de la Universidad de Costa Rica (inaugurado en 1973) y su desarrollo a través de los últimos 50 años. Se enfatizan las interacciones entre Charles Lankester y el Jardín Botánico Lankester con diversas personas y organizaciones. Se brindan datos sobre la visita de Lankester a la Isla del Coco en 1932–1933, la cual no se había mencionado hasta ahora en la literatura botánica. También se presentan algunos datos sobre las primeras exhibiciones de orquídeas y otras plantas en Costa Rica (incluyendo la primera exhibición de orquídeas realizada en el país en 1944) y del proceso de selección de la flor nacional de Costa Rica. Se brinda también una bibliografía anotada, organizada cronológicamente, con más de 280 publicaciones relacionadas con Charles Lankester (incluyendo 47 publicadas por él, algunas de ellas en periódicos y revistas costarricenses), con el Jardín Botánico Lankester y con personas que tuvieron una influencia importante en su desarrollo histórico.
Orchids of the Southern Cone (1830–2000) – Part IV. Maevia Noemí Correa’s Flora Patagonica
Authors: Ossenbach Carlos
Published: February 2024

Maevia Noemí Correa (1914–2005) will always be remembered as the director and editor of an outstanding work, Flora Patagonica, in which she assumed the treatment of several plant families, among them the Orchidaceae. Published between 1969 and 1999, the work was the product of 30 years of dedicated research and fieldwork, resulting in the publication of eight volumes and extraordinary plant collections, now housed in Argentinian and foreign herbaria. Popularly known as The Dame of the Orchids, Correa must be considered one of the most relevant Argentinian botanists of the 20th century. In honor of her birth on February 14th, the day has been designated as "The Day of the Orchidophile”.
Pile field numerical analysis at the stage of dynamic impacts
Authors: Nuzhdin L. V. , Mikhaylov V. S.
Published: February 2024

The authors propose a combined approach for definition of the shear rigidity of the multilayered soil which is cut through by a pile. The static solution for the vertical direction is presented in the view of an axisymmetric problem. As to the horizontal direction, the solution is presented in view of a beam on elastic subsoil with genetically non-linear transition to equivalent horizontal dynamic rigidity of the wide pile field. At the stage of formation of the stress-strain state of the system under the main combination of static loads еhe axisymmetric solution provides visual clarity in the analysis of the stress-strain state of the pile and near-pile soil in comparison with the approved analytical methods. The horizontal rigidity is considered as for a discrete single bent pile in the medium of an elastic layered half-space. These methods of numerical modeling of deformations of a single pile make it possible to expand the algorithm of analytical calculation of a large pile field, which in turn is modified by the authors by excluding deformations of the pile body due to its natural consideration in the finite element formulation, as well as by the parameter of the limiting radius of the influence of a single pile on the settlement of neighboring piles. In this publication, the authors describe a methodological approach to constructing a model of a large-size pile field at the second stage of short-term or special dynamic impacts. A transition to the integral rigidity of pile groups is proposed, taking into account the spatial dynamic model of a large-size pile foundation. The numerical problems of modeling a spatial soil array, a wave method for determining the discreteness of the model, methods for replacing the underlying half-space with a contact model are considered.
Change in strength parameters of dusty-clayey soils depending on the time of dynamic load impact and soil type
Authors: Zavodchikova M. B. , Cheremkhina A. D.
Published: February 2024

The method of high frequency vibratory driving and extraction of sheet piles is frequently utilized in the conditions of structurally unstable soils in St. Petersburg. However, with this method of installation (extraction) of sheet piles in the surrounding soil mass it arises oscillations that are transmitted to nearby buildings and housing, capable of causing dangerous phenomena in their undergroud and aboveground structures, mainly related to differential settlement of foundations. The prediction of additional settlement of buidings in the surrounding area from vibro-driving/extraction of sheet piles is a complex, multi-factor task, and the level of the structural displacement of building, which is the main controlled parameter for the influence of dynamic loading on the foundation soil, according to the current regulatory documents Territorial Building Codes50-302-2004, Departmental Building Codes490-87, Russian State Standard 52892-2007 is merely an indirect criterion for assessment. To obtain a more accurate assessment of the development of additional settlements in buildings during high-frequency vibratory pile driving and sheet pile extraction, it is necessary to take into account not only the duration and frequency of the impact, but also the properties and type of soil itself. The purpose of this reseach was to study changes in the strength parameters of silty-clay soils depending on the time of dynamic loads impact, the type and consistency of the soil itself, as well as changes in parameters depending on the “rest” time of the soil base after exposure to vibration. The article presents the results and shows the tendency to reduce the parameters of soil strength after the application of dynamic load and the dependence of their change on the time of impact, on the type and consistency of the soil. It has been determined the dependence of changes in the strength parameters of the soil conditionally upon the "rest" time of the soil mass as a result of thixotropic re-storation, which will determine the economic attractiveness for the accident-free technology of this method.
Review of methods and systems for generation of synthetic training data
Authors: Rabchevsky A. N.
Published: February 2024

It is impossible to imagine the advancement of modern artificial intelligence systems without neural network technologies. During the design process researchers are often faced with the fact that there is not enough data to train modern neural network models, these data may be unbalanced or highly sparse. Often it happens that real data simply does not exist, as the research field is still emerging. A relevant problem is ensuring the confidentiality of real personal or patient medical data, which is used in the exchange between researchers or in the testing of various neural network systems. In many subject areas, the cost of collecting and marking up real data can be very high. Synthetic data is increasingly being used to solve these problems. The purpose of this publication is to introduce readers to advances in the generation and use of synthetic data. The paper presents a description of various methods, systems and software tools used to generate synthetic data, which can help to improve neural network models. Since an entire industry for synthetic data production has already formed, the leading data synthesis technology platforms are presented. The paper is of an overview nature, so it contains an extensive bibliography. The value of the article lies in the fact that this review will help readers broaden their understanding of the use of synthetic data in solving a wide range of neural network problems, as well as to become more familiar with the methods and tools for their generation.
Application of computer vision to identify reference points for assessing postural disorders
Authors: Shitoev I. D. , Nikitin V. N. , Ivanova M. D. , Kloyan G. Z. , Muravev S. V.
Published: February 2024

The use of computer vision to determine reference points on the human back is a relatively new approach in medicine. The relevance of this study is due not only to the need to develop new methods and approaches in determining postural disorders, but also to the growing interest in the development and application of artificial intelligence in medicine. This study is devoted to the creation and training of a neural network to find reference points of the back when diagnosing postural disorders. In this study, we use a set of ready-made neural network tools that are freely available. Training was carried out on models of photographed volunteers to determine the reference points of the back. The results of the study indicate that, as part of the study, a search was made for alternative (reference points) that determine the geometry of the back using developed neural network algorithms. It was shown that the accuracy of point detection by a neural network trained on more than 2400 grouped photographs reaches 85%, which indicates a good determination of object boundaries and their classification. The use of computer vision to identify reference points for assessing postural abnormalities can bring significant benefits to medical practice. This tool may be more accurate and efficient than traditional diagnostic methods, as well as more accessible and convenient for the patient. In addition, the use of neural networks can speed up the diagnostic process and reduce research costs.
Inclusion of young children with autism spectrum disorder during the COVID-19 lockdowns
Authors: Mzimela Jabulile
Published: February 2024

Children with autism spectrum disorder face numerous challenges throughout their childhood and beyond. These challenges include demonstrating behavioural and emotional immaturity, and a lack of grasping intuitively unspoken rules and norms, to mention but a few. Deviating from the norm heightens these challenges. One of the sudden changes brought about by the national lockdown was the extended closure of early childhood development centres. There is a dearth of studies that explored the perceptions of early childhood care and education educators’ knowledge of the inclusion of children with autism spectrum disorder. As a result, I employed case study methodology to explore these educators’ perceptions of the inclusion of young children with autism spectrum disorder in regular education, as well as how these perceptions influenced the inclusion of these children in regular education during the lockdowns of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) period. Three early childhood care and education educators from a semi-urban early childhood development centre were purposively sampled. Using the 4 key principles of special education needs and disabilities, I concluded that early childhood care and education educators lacked knowledge of teaching and accommodating young children with autism spectrum disorder in everyday education during the COVID-19 lockdowns. The study calls for a stern consideration of these educators’ knowledge development and reimagination of their understanding of children with autism spectrum disorder during trying times and beyond.
New regulation of the profession of paramedic
Authors: Sobczak Jacek , Gołda-Sobczak Maria
Published: February 2024

The amendment to the regulations defining the profession of a paramedic is comprehensive, specifying in detail the requirements for individuals wishing to practice this profession, the rules for granting the license to practice and the circumstances resulting in the loss of the license to practice. Among the requirements that a candidate for this profession must fulfil, attention should be paid to those related to general predispositions, such as: full capacity to perform legal acts, appropriate health as well as appropriate preparation and education. The Act highlights importance of the knowledge of the Polish language in speech and in writing, necessary to practice this profession. The Act amends a number of regulations that have hitherto defined this profession. In particular, the Act on State Medical Rescue. The legislator clearly takes the position that for the further proper functioning of the paramedic profession, it is necessary to establish a professional self-government. Thus, it expresses that this profession belongs to the professions of public trust, and its performance is a social mission. Positioning this profession among those, that are associated with self-reliance and independence in performing often complex activities and requiring high specialist professional qualifications and responsibility due to access to the socalled sensitive data. It should be emphasized that the Act in its content indicated various categories of individuals who may perform the profession of a paramedic, e.g. those who acquired qualifications in EU countries and outside those countries that practice this profession during the state of epidemic, as well as occasionally as part of cross-border cooperation. The regulation also covers other specific categories of rescuers, e.g. mountain, ski, water rescuers, those serving in the police or in units subordinated to the Ministry of Defence. At the same time, the obligation of continuous professional development was imposed on the rescuers.
Circumstances of establishing the Church Fund in the period of the People’s Republic of Poland
Authors: Żurek Konrad
Published: February 2024

This study analyzes the circumstances of establishing the Church Fund. This work introduces the reader to the relationship between the state and the Church in the years 1944–1950. It was an extremely important period due to the numerous legal changes that took place in the country, which particularly affected the Catholic Church, including due to the aspect of the termination by the Provisional Government of National Unity of the Concordat of February 10, 1925. The author also deals with the issue of the land reform carried out by the decree of the Polish Committee of National Liberation of September 6, 1944 and its legal consequences for the Catholic Church. Particular attention was also paid to the issue of the legislative process of the act on „dead hand goods”, which to a large extent changed the financial and legal position of the Catholic Church in our country. In this study, the dogmatic and legal method was used, and due to the time range, also the historical and legal method, necessary to discuss the issue under study.
The Informational Centrality of Banks
Authors: Foley-Fisher Nathan , Gorton Gary , Verani Stéphane
Published: February 2024

The equity and debt prices of large nonbank firms contain information about the future state of the banking system. In this sense, banks are informationally central. The amount of this information varies over time and over equity and debt. During a financial crisis banks are, by definition of a crisis, at risk of failure. Debt prices became about 50 percent more informative than equity prices about the future state of the banking system during the financial crisis of 2007-2009. This was partly due to investors' fears that banks might not be able to refinance the firms' debt.
Land development and frictions to housing supply over the business cycle
Authors: Oh Hyunseung , Yang Choongryul , Yoon Chamna
Published: February 2024

Using a novel data set of U.S. residential land developments, we document that the average time to develop residential properties—which includes both the time spent preparing land infrastructures and construction—is about three years, consistent with sizable lags in housing investment projects. We show that the time to develop is highly dispersed across locations, a finding that helps quantify the housing supply elasticity that is relevant for assessing local housing variations over the business cycle. We also show that incorporating long and dispersed time to develop into an otherwise standard housing investment model helps rationalize some empirical facts on the housing market. Our model implies that policies to boost housing supply are less effective in immediately stabilizing house prices for regions where land development takes a long time.
Socio–Economic Crises (Historical and Political Aspect)
Authors: Chernykh Vladimir
Published: February 2024

The relevance of the research is due to the fact that we are at the breaking point of the world system, called the capitalist formation, and showing how this happens and what it leads to is one of the most important tasks for social scientists around the world. The arguments about the crises of the economy, world politics, education, ideology, etc. are scattered and do not allow us to see the main thing that is happening at the present time, namely, that all these crises are united by the stadium completion of the system that has dominated in the last six centuries and is distinguished by a special expansionist orientation, which is the meaning of its existence. Analyzing these aspects, the author comes to the conclusion that globalization, hegemonic plans for the dominance of the United States, the coronavirus pandemic and the desire of the hegemon to get out of the crisis by unleashing a big war, dragging Russia into it, contributed to the aggravation of the existing capitalist system. The historical analogies of the country's exit from difficult situations, cited by the author, allow us to use historical experience in modern conditions, taking into account milder forms of mobilization character than those that have been in our history. The author analyzes in detail the economic measures that can help our country to withstand the severe trials that have befallen it. Finally, it is concluded that in order for Russia to survive, in addition to the partial mobilization announced by the president and the realization of the goals of denationalization and demilitarization of nationalist Ukraine, it is also necessary to carry out decolonization and deliberation in the country and participate in deglobalization as much as possible.
Law-Making Initiative of Citizens in the Subjects of the Russian Federation: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Buniatishvili Kristina
Published: February 2024

One of the forms of citizens' participation in solving issues of national importance in the subjects of the Russian Federation is the law-making initiative of citizens. The concept of "citizens' law-making initiative" is understood as the right for citizens of the Russian Federation who have an active electoral right in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation to submit draft normative legal acts to public authorities. According to the legislative (representative) body of state power of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, in order to implement a law-making initiative by citizens of the Russian Federation, it is possible to submit a draft Charter of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation and a draft law of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation.
This article is considered to identify and characterize the factors that influence the actual implementation of the legislative right of the law-making initiative of citizens. The author confirms the importance of self-governing rights of citizens for the development of a democratic state and establishes the need to increase the effectiveness of the implementation of the law-making initiative of citizens in the regions of Russia, including those by improving the existing legal regulation. As a result of the comparative legal analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that the lack of law enforcement practice at the moment indicates the formal nature of this institution of direct democracy, and the identified problems of implementing law-making initiatives in the subjects of the Russian Federation are due not only to the insufficiency of legal regulation, but also social and economic mechanisms. The author has prepared and formulated recommendations on changing the current legislation, which will contribute to the popularization and introduction of the considered form of direct democracy into public power, taking into account current public interests and modern technical capabilities.
To the Issue of Criminal Liability of Medical Workers for Causing Death by Negligence
Authors: Dunin Oleg
Published: February 2024

The article analyzed the conflict between Part 2 of Article 109 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation Causing death by negligence, due to improper performance of professional duties and Part 2 of Article 238 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation Production, storage, transportation or sale of goods and products, performance of works or provision of services that do not meet safety requirements, which inadvertently caused serious harm to health or death of a person. The author generalized the doctrinal positions that have developed in the science of criminal law regarding the differentiation of these compositions, analyzed individual precedents from judicial practice in cases of crimes committed by medical professionals. The author considered individual aspects of the elements of crimes described in Part 2 of the Article 109 of the Criminal Code and paragraph “b” of Part 2 of Article 238 of the Criminal Code. The author suggested to distinguish these compositions depending on the functions performed by a medical professional who committed an act that caused harm.
Peculiarities of Using the Non-Procedural Forms of Special Knowledge During Investigations of Destruction or Damage of Forest Plantations
Authors: Morozov Ruslan
Published: February 2024

The purpose of the research is to study and highlight peculiarities of using the non-procedural forms of special knowledge during investigations of destruction or damage of forest plantations. Practice shows that success in investigation of any crime is achieved, including at the expense of comprehensive scientific and technical accompaniment of subjects of investigation activities. In turn, special knowledge, applied in a non-procedural form, in some cases, can play a decisive role in the investigation. The paper presents peculiarities of using non-procedural forms of destruction or damage of forest plantations. Particular attention is paid to consulting as the main non-procedural form of using special knowledge. The research described typical investigative situations during investigation of destruction or damage of forest plantations, in which it is possible to obtain advisory assistance by the subjects of the investigation. It also considered the possibilities of using special knowledge by the defense, the purpose of which is to identify procedural and methodological violations in the collection of evidence.
Lysosome analysis with confocal microscopy_V2 v1
Authors: Maassen Sjors
Published: February 2024

This protocol provides an overview of lysosomal analysis using confocal microscopy and Fiji
CHIP-reCHIP Protocol for Mapping Bivalent Chromatin v1
Authors: A Seneviratne Janith
Published: February 2024

This is a detailed protocol for performing sequential ChIP-reChIP to map H3K4me3-H3K27me3 bivalent chromatin regions. It has been optimised using mouse embryonic stem cells and so may need to be refined based on your cell type of interest. For more details please refer to the accompanying manuscript (Hoet al. 2023).
Preparation of JF dye for retro-orbital injection in mice v2
Authors: Mohar Boaz
Published: February 2024

How to prepare JF dyes for retro orbital injection.
Biomodeling of mixed origin fatty liver disease
Authors: Brus Tatiana V. , Vasiliev Andrei G. , Kravcova Aleftina A. , Vasilieva Anna V. , Brus Yurii S. , Bannova Anastasia V.
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND: The main examples of liver pathology of metabolic and toxic origin are non-alcoholic, alcoholic fatty liver disease and fatty degeneration of mixed origin. Currently, due to the lack of a clear understanding of the causes and pathogenesis of hepatopathy of non-infectious origin, there are no effective methods for the prevention and treatment of these conditions. A key role in studying the etiology and mechanisms of pathogenesis is played by the search for adequate experimental models of liver failure.
AIM: To develop, test and evaluate an experimental model of mixed fatty liver disease.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 30 male albino gray Wistar rats. Experimental rats, weighing 180–200 grams at the time of inclusion in the experiment, received granulated rodent food weighing 20 grams daily for 30 days, to which 6 g of crystalline fructose was introduced (at the rate of 30% of the total diet), and instead of drinking 10% ethyl alcohol solution was given freely available in the drinking bowl.
RESULTS: In experimental group, there was a statistically significant increase in the level of aspartate aminotransferase, alanylaminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase, which confirms the development of cytolytic and cholestatic syndromes. Autopsy liver specimens showed a histological picture of fatty degeneration of hepatocytes.
CONCLUSIONS: To achieve this goal, a method was developed for modeling fatty liver of mixed origin. A high-carbohydrate and ethanol-rich diet led to the rapid development of pathological processes in the liver. The study demonstrated the feasibility of a detailed morphological study of the liver, taking into account medical history, laboratory indicators of cytolytic and cholestatic syndromes for the differential diagnosis of fatty liver of various etiologies.