bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Spectrum and Etiology of Neonatal Cholestasis: Experience in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: K Sultana , Karim  , SA Anwar , N Musabbir , KL Nahid
Published: February 2025

Background: Misdiagnosis of neonatal cholestastatic jaundice as physiological jaundice delays the identification of important liver diseases.
Objectives: Aim of this study was to observe the clinical spectrum and etiologies of neonatal cholestasis.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from August 2013 through July 2015 among purposively sampled infants with neonatal cholestasis. For all patients, serum bilirubin total, direct and liver function tests were checked. Investigations were done for diagnosis of cause. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy and liver biopsy was done in all except those where diagnosis was otherwise confirmed.
Results: Total 124 neonatal cholestasis cases were studied and most of them 95(76.6%) were male. The mean age at admission was 83.6±40.3 days and mean age at onset of jaundice was 6.75±7.3days. The most common causes of neonatal cholestasis were idiopathic neonatal hepatitis (48, 38.7%), BA (38, 30.6%), congenital cytomegalovirus hepatitis (15,12.1%) and Hypothyroidism (7,5.6%) respectively. Common clinical features at presentation were jaundice (100%), pale colored stools (100%), hepatomegaly (100%) and splenomegaly (38.4%) respectively. Term baby, good birth weight and persistent pale colored stool were significantly higher in BA cases.
Conclusion: Among studied subjects Biliary atresia was found to be the most common identifiable cause of neonatal cholestasis. No single clinical feature was found to be significant for differentiating the causes. Jaundice with pale coloured stool and hepatomegaly was found to be the most common presenting clinical features of neonatal cholestasis
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2016; 22 (02): 09-12
Need assessment of hospital waste management in Bangladesh
Authors: Begum Nadia , Ali Hasan , Tarafdar Monowar Ahamad
Published: February 2025

This descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted in some selected hospitals of Dhaka city among three groups of health care personnel, viz waste generator, waste handlers and supervisory persons with a sample size 725 using structured questionnaire separately for each group to explore the need assessment of hospital waste management in Bangladesh from January 2014 to May 2014. Most of the supervisory persons were male (70.8%) and 57.7% respondents had working experience more than 36 months. 84% of them informed that hospital did not supply color bag or bucket for waste segregation. According to 97.3% respondents, International Biohazards was not labeled before and after transportation of waste. 90.7% said that waste management procedure in the hospital is not environmentally friendly. 88% mentioned that there were no guidelines for safe disposal of waste and no waste management guideline hanged at the waste generation site. 70.7% of the supervisory persons did not know whether there is any legislation applicable for Hospital Waste Management. Out of 325 waste generators, 37% respondents were male. 46.5% of the respondents had working experience more than 72 months. 61.2% of the waste generators use bucket for disposal of waste while 44.9% use dustbin. Only 21.5% use plastic bags and wooden boxes. More than half of the respondents (52.9%) handled waste without gloves, 19.7% used gloves and only 7.4% used spades during handling waste. 78.5% waste generator mentioned that they never identified the site of generation of waste. Almost all the respondents (99.4%) had poor practice level. Almost half of the respondents (waste handlers 146, 44.9%) were belonging to the age group of 30-39 years & 4.6% were less than 20 years of age. 38.5% respondents had educational level up to class V,the rest were those who attendant class VI-X 18.5%, SSC pass 5.5% and illiterate were 37.5%. 87.4% (284) of waste handlers had poor knowledge regarding waste management, types, health hazards, method of collection, transportation, storage and prevention of health hazards. Relation between age and knowledge regarding waste management was statistically significant (p-value=0.01). Attitude towards hospital waste management between male and female was statistically significance (p value=0.002). Level of education also found to be statistically significant (p value=0.000). Relation between waste management knowledge and waste handling practice was also statistically significant (p =0.005). Waste handlers without supervision had poor performance of work (P value= 0.005). Lack of guidelines, hospital waste management policy, non availability of equipments at desired time and amount, recognition, wages, lack of training, poor and inappropriate supervision are responsible for low level of practice of waste management; hence improvement of training and supervision along with job facilities in are necessary to improve waste management situation
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2016; 22 (02): 13-16
LDL Subtypes and Its Association With Stroke A Case-Control Study
Authors: Shumi Shamima Islam , Hoque Mozammel , Ahmed Afsana , Moutushi Shafia Sharmin , Saha Shantona , Islam Tanzida , Aziz Masood Md  Abdul
Published: February 2025

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) or stroke is one of the most common cause of mortality and long term severe disability. Hyper cholesterolemia facilitate atherosclerosis of cerebral arteries leading to ischaemic stroke. Atherosclerotic vascular disease is directly related to plasma cholesterol level. Traditionally estimation of total serum cholesterol and LDL-c are used as an indicator of atherogenicity. But subject may develop stroke with normal level of LDL cholesterol. So assessment of LDL-cholesterol concentration may not entirely reflect its atherogenic potential. Because LDL-c is not a single entity rather it consist of seven distinct subclasses of different particle size. The size of LDL particle is inversely correlated to their atherogenecity. Smaller LDL particles are consider to have more atherogenic profile than those with larger particles despite of identical total cholesterol levels. Therefore individual having smaller LDL particles are more atherogenic and more at risk to develop stroke even with normal LDL cholesterol concentration. So measurement of small dense LDL particle is more important than any other lipid measure. With this aim 91 stroke patients were selected as case and 40 were healthy control. The mean age of cases and controls were 49.60 ±12.88 years, 40.28 ±11.88 years respectively. Serum apo-B was measured in all study subject. The amount of apo-B is almost similar in every LDL subtype but the amount of cholesterol increases with the increasing particle size. So the ratio of cholesterol to apo-B decreases as the particles size decreases, thus LDL cholesterol /apo-B < 1 indicate the presence of atherogenic small dense LDL. So the prevalence of small dense LDL was evaluated by calculating the ratio of LDL-C/apo-B. The ratio was significantly lower in normolipidaemic stroke cases (0.73+0.23) compared to controls as well as dyslipidaemic stroke cases, indicating the presence of sd LDL in normolipidaemic stroke case. So it can be concluded that sd LDL is isolatedly associated with stroke in normolipidaemic individuals and it is independent of conventional lipid measure
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2016; 22 (02): 17-20
Evaluation of the results of fixation of femoral shaft non-union with Implant failure by Sign Inter Locking Intra Medullary Nail
Authors: Bhuiya Mumun Rashid , Rahman Md Mizanur , Rahman Molla Mizanur , Hossain Sharmin , Kabir Md Humayun , Talukdar Md Ferdous , Dey Liton Chandra Dey
Published: February 2025

This prospective study of "Evaluation of the result of fixation of femoral shaft nonunion with implant failure by SIGN interlocking intra medullarly nail" was carried out during the period of July 2007 to June 2009 at National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedic Rehabilitation(NITOR), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Mean age of the patients was 38 years. Majority of the patients were male. Among 10 cases 8 were found injury was high energy trauma due to motor vehicle accident and there was a preponderance of fracture on the right side Removal of the previous implant, refer shinning of the fracture ends, open reduction and fixation either antegrade or retrograde SIGN interlocking intramedullary nail depend on the site of involvement The mean union time was 16 weeks. Reaming materials was used as internal bone graft and one patient developed deep infection with poor union status. Functional outcome was analyzed by Thoresen classification system. Excellent functional outcome was found in 5 (50%) cases, good in 3 (30%) cases, fair in 1 (10%) case and poor in 1 (10%) case. The final outcome satisfactory result was found in 8 (80%) cases and unsatisfactory result in 2 (20%) cases
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2016; 22 (02): 28-30
Pattern of Mobile Phone Usage and Its Health Impact among the University Students
Authors: Mamun Md Ziaur Rahman , Jahan Sharmin , Rahman Md Shafiqur , Shaha Kartick Chanda
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Mobile phone is the most common information access device which is one of the important wonders of modern science. The aim of this study was to find out the pattern of mobile phone usage and its health impact among the university students as young people are more likely than any other demographic group to use mobile phones and adopting mobile phones as an integral part of their daily lives.
Method and materials: This cross sectional study was conducted from July 2014 to June 2015 on 440 students of Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka University, BRAC University and Jagannath University. Data were collected by face to face interview and recorded in pretested written self-administered questionnaires.
Results: The mean age of 440 respondents was about 22 ± 2.3 years. More than two-third (71%) of the respondents were male. Most of the respondents (63.4%) were under graduate, more than three-fourth (88%) of the respondents was unmarried. Two-third of the respondents (66%) used one mobile handset, more than half (55%) use smart phone. More than one-third (42%) of the respondents spend 0-3 hours over phone daily, More than one-third (38.6 %) using mobile phone for 3-5 years, more than half (54.3%) of the respondents spent 500 taka per month for maintaining mobile phone. All of the respondents (100%) used mobile phone for communication purpose, more than three-quarter (79.1%) of them used mobile phone also for net browsing, more than half used for playing games (55.9%) and for taking pictures (59.3%). More than one-third (39.32%) of the respondents faced different health problems such as inattentiveness (46.62%), headache (42.69%), insomnia (34.26%) and eye problems (24.71%).
Conclusion: The main reason for using a mobile phone was for socializing, as well as for personal affair, safety and privacy purposes. There were some health impacts documented in this study. There should be more research in this topic as this study was done on a limited number of subjects
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2016; 22 (02): 31-35
A Comparative Study of Serum Thyroxine, Tri-Iodothyronine and Thyrotropin Between Low Birth Weight and Normal Birth Weight Neonate
Authors: M A Matin  , Ahmed Md Sultanuddin , T  Rahman
Published: February 2025

This was a prospective randomized study. The period of study was from April 2005 to May 2006 and conducted in the department of Pediatrics and obstetrics in BSMMU, in DMCH and in the Institute of nuclear Medicine (INM). A total of 90 neonates of either sex of postnatal age ranging from 3-6 days were selected for this study. They were divided into three groups of 30 preterm LBW (gestational age < 37weeks & birth weight <2.5 kg) neonates, 30 full-term small for gestational (SGA) age (gestational age ≥ 37weeks & birth weight < 2.5 kg) and 30 full-term appropriate for gestational (AGA) age (gestational age ≥ 37weeks & birth weight ≥ 2.5 kg) neonates. The mean of gestational age of preterm LBW, full term SGA and full term AGA were 34.73 ± 0.20 weeks, 38.6 ± 0.21 weeks and 38.80 ± 0.15 weeks respectively. We studied their thyroid function status by estimating serum T3, T4 and their controlling homone TSH and then the results were compared between the groups. We observed that the mean serum T3 & T, level in low birth weight neonates were significantly lower in comparison to those of the full term AGA neonates. The estimated mean values of serum T3, T4 levels were lowest in preterm LBW neonates-(T, =0.93 ± 0.05 nmol/1 and T4 129.29± 6.33 nmol/1), highest in full-term AGA neonates (T3 = 1.98 ± 0.05 nmol/1 and T4 188.47 ± 3.66 nmol/l) and intermediate in full term SGA neonates (T3=1.49 ± 0.03 nmol/l and T4= 152.66 ± 2.87 nmol/l). Regarding TSH value there was no significant difference between the groups (TSH in preterm LBW 6.52 ±0.46 miu/l, in full term SGA 6.37 ±0.30 miu/l, full term AGA 5.69± 0.35 miu/l).There were positive correlation (r) found between T, & T4 with birth weight and gestational age and negative correlation between TSH and birth weight and no correlation with gestational age. It found that higher the birth weight higher was the value of serum T, and T, but TSH level did not differ. From our study as serum T, and T, levels were lower in LBW neonates than that of the full term (AGA) and TSH level did not vary between groups So we concluded that during thyroid screening program both T, and TSH are considered. On the basis of our findings we recommended that in preterm LBW or in low birth weight neonates where serum T, level is at hypothyroid level (<64.5nmol/l) with normal TSH should be kept under regular follow up till T, value become normal
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2016; 22 (02): 36-40
Wegener's granulomatosis
Authors: Ghosh Liton Chandra , Wadud Md  Shaheen
Published: February 2025

Granulomatosis with polyangitis is an uncommon disorder that causes inflammation of the blood vessels in nose, sinuses, throat, lungs and kidneys. Granulomatosis with polyangitis formerly called Wegener's granulomatosis.
Wegener's granulomatosis is a rare disease, characterized by necrotizing granulomatous inflammation of important organ of the body. This inflammation damages important organ of the body by limiting blood flow to those organs and destroy normal tissue.
Although the disease can involve any organ system, Wegener's granulomatosis mainly affects the upper and lower respiratory tract, kidneys. Skin, Eye, Musculoskeletal system and nervous system may also be affected.
The prevalence of the disease is 3 persons per 1,00,000/- equally in both sexes. The German pathologist Friedrich Wegener first described the disease in 1936.
In 1954, Godman and Churg more fully described the disease. They established three main clinical criteria of WG (Vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, respiratory tract involvement). The manifestation of this disease and organ involvement may vary widely. We report an unusual case of WG in which the patient presented with multiorgan involvement (Nervous system, Respiratory tract, Skin, Eye, Liver, Kidney) and most acute presentation of them is diffuse alveolar hemorrhage.
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2016; 22 (02): 47-50
Sterile Pyuria: Causes and Evaluation
Authors: Roy Jaba , Hassan Munir , Nag Dipankar Chandra
Published: February 2025

Abstract Not Available.
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2016; 22 (02): 51-55
Prescribing patterns of anti-diabetic drugs among type 2 diabetic patients at a private Medical College Hospital in Mymensingh
Authors: Shaha Kartick Chanda , Jahan Sharmin , Mamun Md Ziaur Rahman , Rahman Md  Shafiqur , Ahmed Farjana , Jyoti Bhagyashree Karmokar
Published: February 2025

Background: The right choice of anti-diabetic drugs among type 2 diabetic patients carries a vital role.
Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prescribing patterns of anti-diabetic drugs among type 2 diabetic patients at tertiary level teaching hospital in Mymensingh.
Methods: A descriptive, cross sectional study was conducted from July 2015 to June 2016 among patients attending at Medicine Outpatient Department of the Community Based Medical College Hospital. Data were collected through the reviewing of the prescriptions and interviewing of the patients. The collected data were entered into the computer and analyzed by using SPSS (version 20.1) to know the prescribing patterns of anti-diabetic drugs among type 2 diabetic patients. The study was approved by the institutional ethical committee.
Results: In a pool of 150 type 2 diabetics, more than half were female (n=100, 67%). Higher proportion (54.7%) of diabetes was among middle aged patients (41-60 years). A total of 558 drugs were prescribed during the study period. Less than half (45.9%) of the total prescribed drugs were to the anti-diabetic groups. Sulfonylureas were the most commonly prescribed class (64.7%) followed by Biguanides (45.3%). Half of the patients (50.7%) were prescribed with two anti-diabetic drugs. Average number of drugs per prescription was 3.72. None of the drugs was prescribed by generic name. Drugs prescribed from an essential drug list (EDL) were 51.9%.
Conclusion: Prescribing pattern need to be improved in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) core prescribing indicator. This study will help the clinician to take appropriate measure for the improvement of prescribing patterns and use of essential drugs to the patients to prevent prescribing errors and thus promote rational use of drugs.
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2017; 23 (01): 29-32
Effects of Isolated Oligohydramnios on Obstetric and Perinatal outcomes in Dhaka National Medical College Hospital
Authors: Arzu Jahanara , Khatun Mst Hosna Ara , Kobra Khodeza Tul
Published: February 2025

Background: Oligohydramnios are thought to be associated with increased maternal and fetal morbidities.
Objective: To assess the obstetric and perinatal outcomes in case of isolated oligohydramnios.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology department in Dhaka National Medical College Hospital from 1st July' 2015 to 31st December 2015. Pregnant women at or beyond 34 weeks of gestation admitted for labour and delivery with low amniotic fluid index (AFI) ≤ 5cm, having no risk factors (group I) were compared with those with an AFI more than 5 cm (Group II). The mode of delivery and perinatal outcomes were compared to women having normal amniotic fluids.
Results: A total 435 pregnant women were included in this study. Among them 67 pregnant women were in Group I and 368 women were in Group II. There were no demographic characteristics differences between the two groups. But there was significant difference in the gestational age of the mother. In group I 46% women delivered at 34-36 weeks of pregnancy. Regarding mode of delivery.caesarean section rate was more (P<.01) in group I than group II. There was no significant difference in meconium staining of liquor between the two groups. Regarding perinatal outcomes there were no significant differences between the two groups such as Apgar score, resuscitation, NICU admission and mortality of babies. But there was significant difference in the birth weight of the babies. About 66% of the babies in group I had birth weight < 2.5 kg, which was significant.
Conclusion: Isolated oligohydramnios has no major effect on perinatal outcomes except low birth weight babies. However, caesarean section rate was increased in isolated oligohydramnios group.
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2017; 23 (01): 33-36
Tuberculous Mastitis- A Outpatient department based study in Dhaka National Medical College Hospital
Authors: Jahan Shamima , Hassan Munir
Published: February 2025

Background: Tuberculous mastitis is a diagnostic dilema because of its variable presentations.
Introduction: Tuberculous mastitis is a chronic granulomatous infection that affect female breast though it can affect any human organ except cardiac muscle.
Material & Method: It is a retrospective study starting from July 2010 in Breast and Anal clinic to Fast track service to July 2016. This study includes 28 women (n=28) who were at direct observation & follow-up throughout the treatment period. Youngest person of this series is 20 years of age and the eldest one is 40 (Mean age-29.2). Most patients were from low economy group. The aim is to observe the diversity of presentation & management in Tuberculous mastitis.
Result: Presentations are widely variable ranging from breast lump of different sizes, single or multiple breast abscess and chronic discharging sinus. 27 person have pathology in their left breast. Only one patient was diabetic. For evaluation, all routine investigation including X-ray of Dorsal spine was done but attention was given to tissue diagnosis by either Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology or Biopsy taking as Out Patient Department case for histo-pathological examination. After confirmation of diagnosis, anti-TB drug started through Directly Observed Treatment centre. Weekly follow-up was advised to those patients who needed wound care as well as daily dressing. 12 month anti-TB drug was given to all patient& all of them recovered commonly leaving behind few scars in their breast.
Discussion: Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis is a gradually increasing chronic infectious disease in low economy patients. Limitation of this study is irregular medication and follow-up as well as drop out after starting management though Directly Observed Treatment centre is of great help.
Conclusion: The entire situation may be better controlled by increasing awareness among the people and improving living standard.
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2017; 23 (01): 37-39
Medicinal plants in the treatment and prevention of respiratory diseases (review)
Authors: Bobkova Natalia V. , Kulikova Larissa A.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. The aim of the review is to summaries information on medicinal plants used in the prevention of respiratory diseases.

Text. According to Rosstat data, respiratory diseases occupy leading positions in the Russian Federation from year to year. For the treatment of acute respiratory diseases plant medicines are used, including Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Mentha spicata L., Eucalyptus globulus Labill., Citrus sinensis (L.) Pers., Cinnamomum camphora J. Presl.

Conclusion. The given extracts of medicinal plants have a long experience of application in traditional and scientific medicine, contain a complex of biologically active substances such as essential oils, saponins, polyphenols and polysaccharides with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and other effects that will allow in the complex therapy of acute tonsillopharyngitis, relieve the symptoms of the disease.
Pembuatan Aplikasi Pembelajaran Pengembangan Website HTML dan CSS dengan Animasi Interaktif Menggunakan Macromedia Flash 8
Authors: Tanjung Agung Hafizh , Marlina Leni , Yazid Ahmad
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan aplikasi pembelajaran interaktif berbasis animasi yang dirancang untuk mengajarkan konsep dasar HTML dan CSS. Dalam pengembangannya, penelitian ini memanfaatkan Macromedia Flash 8 sebagai media utama. Fokus utama penelitian ini adalah mengatasi tantangan dalam pembelajaran HTML dan CSS yang sering kali dianggap kurang menarik oleh siswa, sehingga berdampak pada rendahnya motivasi serta hasil belajar mereka. Aplikasi pembelajaran yang dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini dirancang agar dapat diakses kapan saja dan di mana saja tanpa adanya batasan waktu, sehingga memungkinkan siswa untuk belajar dengan fleksibilitas. Dengan pendekatan yang interaktif dan menarik, media pembelajaran ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pemahaman siswa terhadap materi HTML dan CSS serta memperkuat keterampilan praktis mereka dalam pengembangan web. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan aplikasi pembelajaran interaktif yang menarik dalam pengajaran HTML dan CSS, menganalisis pengaruh aplikasi pembelajaran terhadap motivasi serta hasil belajar siswa, serta menyediakan solusi inovatif bagi tantangan dalam pembelajaran HTML dan CSS yang sering kali dianggap kurang menarik oleh siswa.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC), yang memungkinkan pengembangan aplikasi pembelajaran secara sistematis melalui tahapan konseptualisasi, desain, pengumpulan materi, pembuatan, pengujian, dan distribusi. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan dalam dunia pendidikan, khususnya dalam bidang pengajaran teknologi web. Dengan menyediakan sumber belajar yang inovatif dan efektif, penelitian ini berupaya untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa, memperbaiki hasil belajar mereka, serta menciptakan alat pembelajaran yang lebih interaktif dan menarik. Diharapkan aplikasi ini dapat menjadi solusi yang bermanfaat dalam meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran HTML dan CSS di berbagai institusi pendidikan.
Hearsay Evidence at the Police and in Court
Authors: Franjic Sinisa
Published: February 2025

Hearsay evidence is evidence that the witness learned in a way that is not immediate. Any evidence presented in any court must be reliable and accurate.
Advancements in Forensic Imaging: Soft Tissue Injury Analysis and Exploration with 3D Cinematic Rendering
Authors: Wallner-Essl Walter M , Pfaff Johannes AR , Grimm Jochen
Published: February 2025

Forensic imaging techniques have witnessed significant advancements in recent years, offering enhanced insights into the analysis of soft-tissue injuries. This article explores the innovative application of 3D cinematic rendering in the field of forensic radiology, enabling a comprehensive evaluation of soft-tissue trauma. By combining high resolution imaging with dynamic visualization, this technique provides forensic experts with a powerful tool for injury analysis, offering detailed anatomical information and improving the accuracy of injury interpretation. This article discusses the methodology, results, and implications of employing 3D cinematic rendering in soft-tissue injury analysis, showcasing its potential to transform forensic investigations.
Uji Pembeda Antara Cocktail Beras Kencur Yang Menggunakan Arak Tape Ketan Dengan Arak Tape Injin
Authors: Krisna Sanjaya I Putu Adi , Pastini Ni Wayan , Eni Juniari Ni Kadek
Published: February 2025

Arak adalah minuman beralkohol suling yang biasanya diproduksi di Negara Asia Tenggara dan Asia Selatan. Arak terbuat dari fermentasi kelapa, tebu, dan biji-bijian yang kemudian didistilasi. Arak merupakan minuman alkohol lokal yang perlu dilestarikan dan dikembangkan agar lebih dikenal oleh masyarakat luas. Arak dapat dikreasikan menjadi cocktail yang dapat dicampurkan dengan bahan lainnya, tidak terkecuali jamu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil tingkat perbedaan antara cocktail beras kencur yang menggunakan arak tape ketan dengan arak tape injin dengan menggunakan lima indikator yaitu sweetness, acidity, alcohol, colour, dan aroma, dan menggunakan 15 orang panelis. Objek penelitian ini adalah cocktail kreasi yang berbahan dasar jamu, homemade arak, jeruk nipis, daun mint dan gula. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik deskriptif kuantitatif untuk mengetahui tingkat perbedaan panelis antara cocktail beras kencur yang menggunakan arak tape ketan dengan arak tape injin. Hasil dari penelitian ini, dapat dinyatakan tingkat perbedaan antara cocktail beras kencur yang menggunakan arak tape ketan dengan arak tape injin dengan mengundang 15 orang panelis yaitu 73,3% berbeda. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar mempertimbangkan volume jamu pada cocktail dan pemberian garnish pada cocktail yang menarik.
Analysis of Deformation Mechanism Behaviors of Ti-5Mo-1Fe Alloy under Quasi-static and Dynamic Deformation
Authors: Lee Yong-Jae , Lee Jae-Gwan , Lee Dong-Geun
Published: February 2025

To evaluate the deformation mechanisms of Ti-5Mo-1Fe alloy, compression tests were performed at strain rates ranging from 10-3/sec to 3×103/sec at room temperature. The results showed that Ti-5Mo-1Fe alloy exhibited different deformation mechanisms depending on the strain rate. Under quasi-static strain rates, the Stress-Induced Martensitic (SIM) transformation from the metastable β phase (BCC) to the α" phase was observed through the double yield phenomenon in the stress-strain curve. This contributed to enhanced compressive strength, work hardening, and ductility by absorbing and dispersing deformation energy. Shear bands (SB) were observed near the fracture zone under quasi-static conditions, since the SIM transformation acts as an obstacle to dislocation movement. In contrast, a dynamic strain rate generated adiabatic shear bands (ASB) due to localized heating, leading to coarsened grains near the fracture zone. With increasing strain rates, significant temperature rises were detected in the specimens, leading to increased β phase stability and a reduced chemical driving force for the α" transformation, thereby suppressing the SIM transformation. Consequently, dislocation slip became the dominant deformation mechanism at high strain rates. This study provides insights into the strain rate sensitivity of metastable β-titanium alloys, offering fundamental information for the development of advanced Ti alloys with high strength, good ductility, and impact resistance.
Effect of Alloy Elements on Solidification Behavior and Castability in a Directionally Solidified Ni-Based Superalloy
Authors: Park Sanghyeon , Gu Jiho , Lee Jehyun
Published: February 2025

IN792, a Ni-based superalloy, exhibits excellent mechanical properties at medium and high temperatures (600~900oC). However, it is known to be very susceptible to casting defects such as hot cracking and hot tearing during casting. This study investigated the effect of alloy elements such as Hf, Zr, and B on the solidification behavior and castability of IN792. Four types of ingots were manufactured by adjusting the contents of Hf (0~1.0wt%), Zr and B, and directional solidification and castability tests were performed. As a result of directional solidification, as the Hf content increased, there was little change in dendritic spacing, which is a measure of segregation behavior, but the mushy zone increased. The volume fraction of residual liquid in the mushy zone was also measured to determine the change rate during solidification. The measurement results showed the 0.8wt%Hf alloy had the largest change rate. It is predicted that rapid changes in the residual liquid during solidification will lead to a higher strain rate. The castability test was quantified using the length and frequency of cracks after casting, to determine the effects and causes of grain boundary strengthening elements and process variables on casting cracks. The results indicated the specimen containing 0.8wt% Hf had the worst castability. Mapping results showed that Zr content around cracks was highest in the 0.8wt% Hf sample. It was concluded that castability is determined by the complex effects of not only Hf but also Zr and B.
Book Review: Citizen Identity Formation of Domestic Students and Syrian Refugee Youth in Jordan: Centering Student Voice and Arab-Islamic Ontologies by Patricia K. Kubow
Authors: Guven Ozen
Published: February 2025

In Citizen Identity Formation of Domestic Students and Syrian Refugee Youth in Jordan: Centering Student Voice and Arab-Islamic Ontologies, Patricia K. Kubow explores constructions of citizen identity and sense of belonging through focus groups with Jordanian students and Syrian refugees who attend double-shift public schools in Amman, Jordan. In her review of Kubow's book, Ozen Guven highlights how Syrian and Jordanian students construct their Arab-Islamic identities in the context of school interactions, and in parallel with the school curriculum. She also points out the challenges Syrian students face as they negotiate multiple identities and navigate feelings of inclusion in the context of the Jordanian education system. Guven highlights the book's contribution to the education in emergencies literature, namely, that it reflects the broader global policy shift toward refugee inclusion in host-country education systems. She concludes that the book is a rich new source for scholars studying citizenship education.
"America Will Educate Me Now": What Do Iraqi Refugees with Special Immigrant Visas Deserve and Who Decides?
Authors: Koyama Jill
Published: February 2025

Although thousands of Iraqi refugees who worked with the Allied Forces during the Iraq war have been resettled in the United States, little is known about their experiences. In the aggregate, they are a well-educated, multilingual subset of refugees who aspire to earn college and higher education degrees. In this article, I draw from a series of interviews conducted between 2011 and 2018 with 13 of these Iraqi refugees. My aim is to more fully understand and document their college-going experiences in the US. Framed by notions of deservingness and coloniality in education, this study is driven by two questions: In what ways and by whom are Iraqi refugees with Special Immigrant Visas positioned with regard to deservingness and worthiness in higher education? How do they position themselves? I explore how notions and discourses of deservingness, and their practical and political application, affect the resettlement experiences of these Iraqi refugees. The findings indicate that, because of their Special Immigrant Visa designation and their work with the Allied Forces, these refugees are positioned, and position themselves, not only as deserving but sometimes as being owed a college education. The study offers insights into the long-term effects crisis has on the education of those who are far removed, both geographically and temporally, from a crisis-affected area where they once lived.
Cultural Heritage and Education: A Place-Based Educational Project in Jericho, Palestine
Authors: Wagemakers Bart
Published: February 2025

Many efforts are under way around the world to make children aware of their cultural heritage, as stated in the 2018-2021 strategy of the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO 2017). One reason children should have awareness of their heritage is that, in combination with a sense of place, it can play an important role in their process of identity-building (Crocetti et al. 2024; Ashworth and Graham 2017; Spiridon, Kosic, and Tuci 2014). Education can be an important way to involve children in their local cultural heritage, but education systems in unstable and conflict-affected areas are repeatedly under pressure, due to the ongoing tension and violence that endanger cultural heritage (Gallagher et al. 2018; UNHCR 2016). In this field note, I argue that a place-based education project to increase children's awareness of the significance of cultural heritage and of their sense of place may be a promising approach to take in conflict-affected areas. I demonstrate this thesis through the Cultural Heritage and Education-Jericho project, which was carried out in the West Bank, Palestine, in December 2021. In this field note, I describe the project's intention, explain how the project team customized the place-based educational approach to the specific circumstances, and discuss the constraints that emerged from the pilot.
Editorial Note: JEiE Volume 10, Number 1
Authors: Colón Samantha , Thompson Nathan , Burde Dana
Published: February 2025

In their Editorial Note accompanying JEiE Volume 10, Number 1, Samantha Colón, Nathan Thompson, and Dana Burde highlight the important contributions the authors featured in this issue make to education in emergencies scholarship and practice. In the research articles section, the contributing authors apply diverse, rigorous methodologies to practical questions in the education in emergencies field that relate to the opportunities and challenges of refining and scaling play-based learning; to the issues surrounding access to capacity-building initiatives for refugee teachers and for parents and caregivers in remote settings; and to the dynamics of intergroup contact, inclusion, and social hierarchy that are reflected in diverse learning spaces. The field notes section offers critical reflections on two adaptable, modular education in emergencies interventions: one is a place-based learning program centered on cultural heritage and young peoples' sense of belonging, and the other is a teacher wellbeing program based on building social-emotional competencies. Finally, the three book reviews featured in this issue highlight themes of belonging and connection to place, especially in the refugee experience, as well as stories of students and their communities being enabled to claim their agency, power, and a stake in a better future.
Understanding Perspectives and Practices of "Learning through Play" in East African Refugee and Host-Country Schools
Authors: Asfaw Abraha , Diazgranados Silvia , Ezati Betty Akullu , Kwok Jonathan , Raphael Christina , Smiley Anne , Ssenkusu Peter
Published: February 2025

In this article, we investigate understandings and practices of learning through play (LtP) in refugee and host-country contexts in Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Uganda. This is an area in which international donors have increased their investments in recent years. We used a positive deviance approach to select 12 best practice preprimary and primary schools. We used ethnographic methods to study these schools for 14-20 days in order to learn from their existing play-based teaching and learning practices. Our findings draw from the research team's observations, visually stimulated interviews, and focus group discussions with 205 teachers, parents, and headteachers, and 160 students. The findings reveal that most of these education stakeholders (teachers, students, and parents) understood play and formal learning to be mutually exclusive but also recognized the developmental benefits of play. The findings also describe various LtP and LtP-adjacent learning activities, such as guided play and games, storytelling and role-play, energizers, and structured playful learning. The factors found to be critical to the school-based implementation of LtP include supportive policies, school leadership, and parental support, professional development and support for teachers, and addressing schools' capacity and structural limitations. Based on these findings, we recommend that LtP proponents frame LtP as connected to active learning methods in terms of definition, conceptualization, and advocacy for its integration into policy frameworks. We built on the extant constructivist pedagogy and play literature to develop a typology of classroom-based LtP activities with the aim of encouraging policymakers, practitioners, and researchers to strengthen education systems' ability to provide targeted support for teachers that will enable them to gradually increase their implementation of quality LtP practices across typology zones.
Komparasi Kualitas Semen Segar dan Beku pada Sapi Pejantan Limousin di Teaching Farm Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Airlangga
Authors: Achmad Agil Ramadhan
Published: February 2025

Salah satu cara untuk mengurangi nilai impor daging sapi secara nasional yaitu dengan program peningkatan jumlah anakan sapi potong pada skala peternak rakyat, melalui peningkatan efisiensi reproduksi sapi menggunakan teknologi inseminasi buatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan kualitas semen segar dan semen beku sapi pejantan Limousin. Metode penelitian menggunakan eksploratif laboratoris. Hasil pengamatan makroskopis menunjukkan bahwa nilai volume semen segar adalah 4,4-7,2 ml, sementara hasil pengamatan warna pada semen segar maupun semen beku semuanya berwarna putih susu. Konsistensi pada semen segar termasuk kental, sedangkan pada semen beku tergolong cair. Pengukuran pH pada semen segar dan beku menunjukkan hasil 6,7. Sementara itu, hasil pengukuran motilitas semen segar diperoleh nilai 77% dan pada semen beku menunjukkan hasil 41,5%. Abnormalitas semen segar menunjukkan nilai 1,30%, sedangkan pada semen beku diperoleh hasil 0,00%. Hasil pemeriksaan konsentrasi spermatozoa pada semen segar sebanyak 1.426(106)/ml, sedangkan pada semen beku sebesar 26,6(106)/ml. Hasil evaluasi mikroskopis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat lima variabel yang berbeda nyata (p<0,05) yaitu volume, kekentalan, motilitas, abnormalitas, dan konsentrasi, serta terdapat dua variabel yang menunjukkan tidak beda nyata (p>0,05) yaitu warna dan pH. Disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan nyata pada lima variabel yang diukur tetapi perbedaan tersebut masih dalam batas ambang yang wajar sesuai standar baku mutu kualitas yang diterbitkan oleh Badan Standarisasi Nasional Tahun 2021.
IMPLEMENTASI METODE GOAL PROGRAMMING UNTUK OPTIMASI OLAHAN INDUSTRI KERIPIK PISANG
Authors: Pradjaningsih Agustina , Dwidayanti Frisca Puji , Riski Abduh
Published: February 2025

Produksi keripik khususnya pisang menjadi fokus perusahaan AROMA di Lumajang. Usaha ini menghadapi tantangan dalam mengoptimalkan penggunaan bahan baku untuk mencapai produksi yang maksimal. Tantangan ini berdampak pada biaya produksi dan keuntungan, sehingga diperlukan perencanaan produksi yang tepat. Metode goal programming akan diterapkan untuk menangani permasalahan optimasi ini yang melibatkan berbagai tujuan. Metode ini bertujuan untuk meminimalkan penyimpangan dari setiap tujuan yang telah ditetapkan. Proses goal programming melibatkan identifikasi variabel keputusan, kendala tujuan, dan fungsi tujuan. Variabel keputusan dalam penelitian ini meliputi berbagai rasa keripik pisang seperti coklat, stroberi, durian, manis, asin, berlapis coklat, dan jeruk nipis. Permasalahan optimasi diselesaikan dengan perangkat lunak LINDO. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi keripik pisang dapat dioptimalkan dengan meningkatkan output keripik pisang rasa jeruk nipis sebanyak 200 bungkus. Hasil optimasi juga menunjukkan total biaya produksi sebesar Rp12.585.600 dan keuntungan sebesar Rp8.250.400.
PERANCANGAN FRAMEWORK VERIFIKASI QUALITY ASSURANCE PROSES MANUFAKTUR MENGGUNAKAN KEMAMPUAN DETEKSI DAN TINDAKAN KONDISI IRREGULAR
Authors: Abid Muhammad Miftahul , Kusuma Harun Indra , Ulfia Yessi Nasia
Published: February 2025

Proses produksi part body type mobil Rail Roof Side mengalami defect yaitu terdapat variasi spesifikasi ukuran dikarenakan proses yang tidak stabil. Penyebab dari proses yang tidak stabil tersebut yaitu perbaikan die tooling yang belum optimal dan parameter mesin stamping yang belum ideal untuk operasi proses. Proses verifikasi quality assurance diperlukan untuk memastikan QA mampu mencegah, mendeteksi dan mengendalikan setiap aktivitas proses produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang framework verifikasi quality assurance dengan menggunakan variabel kemampuan deteksi dan kondisi tindakan irregular. Variabel pengukuran stabilitas proses menggunakan data Cpk digunakan sebagai data utama. Hasil perancangan framework proses verifikasi QA yaitu pengukuran Cpk >1,33 untuk standar proses yang stabil, kemudian tingkat kemampuan deteksi saat operasi kerja sebesar 0,8 untuk skor deteksi visual dan kemampuan deteksi alat, peringatan, sistem interlock masing-masing 1,0/1,2/1,4. Sedangkan kemampuan deteksi pasca operasi kerja secara visual, alat, peringatan, sistem interlock masing-masing 1,1/1,2/1,3/1,4. Sedangkan tingkat action ability tidak teratur yaitu skor 1 apabila pekerja mampu melakukan tindakan sesuai SOP dan skor 0 apabila tindakan tidak sesuai SOP ketika terjadi proses yang tidak normal. Tahap akhir menggabungkan 3 (tiga) variabel tersebut sehingga menghasilkan nilai perangkingan pada setiap titik pemeriksaan. Penjaminan mutu proses dapat tercapai apabila nilai perangkingan 1,5–1,99 dan nilai perangkingan > 2,0. Penjaminan mutu proses tidak tercapai apabila nilai perangkingan 0,0–1,19 dan nilai perangkingan 1,2–1,49. Jaminan proses yang tidak tercapai menunjukkan adanya variasi proses atau proses yang tidak stabil. Proses verifikasi dianggap selesai apabila hasil verifikasi jaminan proses mencapai target dan dilakukan perbaikan terhadap jaminan mutu yang tidak mencapai peringkat target.
Penentuan Kriteria pada Pemilihan Supplier di Bidang Otomotif
Authors: Tarigan Elsya Paskaria Loyda , Zetli Sri , Prasetyo Bahariandi Aji , Sumantika Arsyad , Tambunan Juniansyah
Published: February 2025

Persaingan di dunia otomotif menyebabkan pebisnis mencari cara untuk dapat memberikan kepuasan kepada konsumen. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan oleh pebisnis adalah dengan memililh supplier yang terbaik, yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen sehingga konsumen merasa puas. UKM YY merupakan salah satu bisnis yang bergerak di bidang otomotif. Beberapa masalah pada UKM ini terkait produk yang ditawarkan supplier, yaitu: kualitas produk yang tidak baik, keterlambatan pengiriman, dan tidak  bertanggung jawab terhadap ketidaksesuaiin produk, baik dari segi kuantitas ataupun kualitas. Beberpa hal tersebut menyebabkan pebisnis enggan untuk menggunakan produk itu lagi sehingga supplier kehilangan langganan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan supplier yang terbaik, yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen dengan menggunakan metode AHP. Kriteria yang sangat dibutuhkan oleh pebisnis adalah kualitas dan responsibilitas, sedangkan supplier yang terpilih adalah Triwarna Color Center.
Advancements in single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics: transforming biomedical research
Authors: Molla Desta Getnet , Birhanu Alemayehu Godana
Published: February 2025

In recent years, significant advancements in biochemistry, materials science, engineering, and computer-aided testing have driven the development of high-throughput tools for profiling genetic information. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies have established themselves as key tools for dissecting genetic sequences at the level of single cells. These technologies reveal cellular diversity and allow for the exploration of cell states and transformations with exceptional resolution. Unlike bulk sequencing, which provides population-averaged data, scRNA-seq can detect cell subtypes or gene expression variations that would otherwise be overlooked. However, a key limitation of scRNA-seq is its inability to preserve spatial information about the RNA transcriptome, as the process requires tissue dissociation and cell isolation. Spatial transcriptomics is a pivotal advancement in medical biotechnology, facilitating the identification of molecules such as RNA in their original spatial context within tissue sections at the single-cell level. This capability offers a substantial advantage over traditional single-cell sequencing techniques. Spatial transcriptomics offers valuable insights into a wide range of biomedical fields, including neurology, embryology, cancer research, immunology, and histology. This review highlights single-cell sequencing approaches, recent technological developments, associated challenges, various techniques for expression data analysis, and their applications in disciplines such as cancer research, microbiology, neuroscience, reproductive biology, and immunology. It highlights the critical role of single-cell sequencing tools in characterizing the dynamic nature of individual cells.