bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unilateral Extragenital Lichen Sclerosus Following Blaschko's Lines
Authors: Wu Li , Wang Huiying , Zhang Ruzhi
Published: November 2024

Lichen sclerosus is a chronic, immune‐mediated dermatologic disorder primarily affecting the genital skin. Extragenital lichen sclerosus is rare, especially in men. We present a case of ELS in a 23‐year‐old male with lesions on the left upper extremity that had persisted for seven years. Over time, the lesions gradually spread to the left upper arm and scapular region. These lesions followed a band‐like distribution along Blaschko’s lines, without associated pruritus or pain. This unusual presentation posed a diagnostic challenge, highlighting the rarity of such manifestations.
Genetic Analysis of 17q Terminal Partial Trisomy
Authors: Zheng Huiling , Zheng Lin , Huang Zhi , Li Guangping , Tang Daili , Yang Xue , Tian Tian
Published: November 2024

Chromosomal trisomy syndrome is associated with diverse clinical phenotypes, including intellectual disability. Partial trisomy of the distal 17q is a rare anomaly with similar clinical features, including psychomotor and growth deficits, facial dysmorphism, and microcephaly. Here, we describe three patients from two unrelated families with terminal trisomy 17q. We performed G‐banding karyotype and chromosomal microarray analyses. The child in Family 1 had a 31.3 Mb mosaic duplication on chromosome 17. Family 2 comprised dizygotic twins with a 263 kb deletion on chromosome 15 and a 9.2 Mb duplication on chromosome 17; however, normal karyotyping results were obtained for both parents. We also analyzed the genetic mechanisms underlying the occurrence of these chromosomal aberrations and summarized the literature describing known genotype–phenotype correlations. Given the rarity of partial trisomy of terminal 17q, these cases will provide new insights into the diagnosis of this condition and genotype–phenotype correlations, which can aid in the detection of such conditions and genetic counseling.
Concurrent Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: Management Challenges and Clinical Insights: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Musleh Mais , Alhusein Qossay
Published: November 2024

The simultaneous occurrence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is exceedingly rare, with an incidence of less than 1%. We report the case of a 50–year–old patient newly diagnosed with this uncommon combination. This case underscores the complexity and infrequency of this dual diagnosis, highlighting the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges it presents.
Neonatal Varicella, Treated With Oral Acyclovir: A Rare and Challenging Case Report in a Limited‐Resource Country Like Cambodia
Authors: Chap Chariya , Bin Sakviseth
Published: November 2024

Varicella‐zoster virus can be transmitted transplacentally to a fetus from symptomatic mothers developing skin lesions between 5 days before and 2 days after delivery. The diagnosis is clinical. Its management is challenging in limited‐resource countries, namely Cambodia, due to the lack of varicella zoster immune globulin and intravenous acyclovir.
Streptokinase‐Induced Serum Sickness: A Case Report
Authors: Shrestha Bibek , Pradhan Rebicca , Shrestha Pradeep , Bastakoti Sudip
Published: November 2024

Serum sickness is rare; however, there is a significant hypersensitivity reaction to streptokinase used in different cardiac problems. Treatment often involves discontinuing the offending agent and administering corticosteroids. This case underscores the complexities of managing prosthetic valve thrombosis and highlights the importance of monitoring and addressing complications of thrombolytic therapy.
Case Report: A Rare Location of Recurrent Ameloblastoma
Authors: Yech‐Chou Mehdi , Javadian Rokneddin , De Saint Aubain Nicolas , Bouland Cyril , Yanni Antoine , Boutremans Edward , Dequanter Didier
Published: November 2024

This case report contributes to understanding the complexities of ameloblastoma recurrence despite meeting recommended guidelines and highlights the importance of long‐term follow‐up and tailored surgical approaches.
Ni‐Catalyzed Stereodivergent Synthesis of N‐Glycosides
Authors: Chen Jinhong , Martin Ruben
Published: November 2024

Herein, we describe a stereoselective Ni‐catalyzed N‐glycosylation of glycals. The reaction is enabled by addition of an in situ generated nickel hydride across an olefin prior to C−N bond‐formation. Stereodivergence can be accomplished on kinetic or thermodynamic grounds, thus giving access to either α‐ or β‐N‐glycosides with equal ease. The protocol is distinguished by its operational simplicity, generality and exquisite selectivity, thus offering a new gateway to expedite the synthesis of N‐glycosides.
How Perennials Survive the Droughts—Pulse–Reserve Dynamics in a Hyperarid Basin
Authors: Babad Avshalom , Bubenzer Olaf , Hecht Stefan , Groner Elli
Published: November 2024

The hyperarid environment poses significant challenges to local vegetation. The main limiting factors are water scarcity and inconsistent precipitation regimes. Nevertheless, perennials flourish in hyperarid stream channels, predominantly acacia trees, which require significant amounts of water. This study seeks to reveal the mechanism that provides acacias with adequate water. Although the pulse–reserve model can explain how desert flora survives, hyperarid environments are much more complicated. Accordingly, direct rainfall is insufficient to sustain local perennials, which rely on runoff for their water source. The hyperarid Gvanim basin in southern Israel is a small watershed that supports many perennials, including a thriving population of acacia trees. High‐resolution hydrological monitoring, including rain, evaporation, soil water content and flash flood discharge, along with surveys of lithology and acacia populations, allowed us to calculate the water balance for the basin and quantify the components of the pulse‐reserve system. The results indicate that unique geological settings can retain runoff water from a single significant flash flood that is sufficient to sustain perennials even during drought years. We propose a modified pulse–reserve mechanism that provides water to large acacia trees during the hot dry summer in hyperarid areas.
NAESB's Evolving Standards: Advancing Hydrogen, Distributed Energy Resources, Cybersecurity, and Market Coordination
Authors: Nagi Amrit
Published: November 2024

Consensus‐based standards are increasingly crucial to support new technological advancements used by the energy industry and streamline the markets' business processes. The North American Energy Standards Board (NAESB) recently finalized its annual planning process for the wholesale and retail natural gas and electric markets. NAESB remains committed to addressing areas of priority identified by industry and to ensuring standards development meets evolving industry needs. Building on 2024 initiatives, during this upcoming year, NAESB has plans to continue work to support the emerging hydrogen market, address cybersecurity challenges, and enhance coordination between natural gas and electric markets.
Garnet as a Proxy for Deciphering Polymetamorphic Histories: An Example From the Sanandaj‐Sirjan Zone of Iran
Authors: Miri Mirmohammad , Lucci Federico , Sepahi Ali A. , Maanijou Mohammad , White John Charles
Published: November 2024

In the central sector of the Sanandaj‐Sirjan zone of Iran, the Triassic‐to‐Jurassic ‘Hamedan Phyllites’ metamorphic complex shows a polymetamorphic evolution characterised by a main Barrovian‐ to Buchan‐type garnet+staurolite+kyanite/andalusite regional sequence, locally overprinted by a low‐pressure thermal event generated by vigorous Jurassic magmatic activity and the emplacement of voluminous composite plutonic complexes (e.g., Alvand). In this work, we explore the Hamedan phyllites enveloping the Jurassic Alvand granite batholith, particularly in the eastern sector at the transition from cordierite‐bearing hornfels to staurolite‐bearing schists. In this study, we present for the first time the textural characterisation and mineral chemistry of a previously undescribed minor population of post‐kinematic Mn‐rich garnet from the staurolite schists. We developed phase equilibria modelling to define the pressure‐temperature condition of its genesis. We then integrated the existing literature on metapelites from the study area to develop new thermobarometric models with those data to propose a revised evolution of the metapelites enveloping the Alvand batholith and the extent of its contact aureole. On a wider scale, this study provides evidence for the relevance of garnet, as chemical‐physical archive, in deciphering complex polymetamorphic histories where thermal events affect previously regional metamorphosed rocks under relatively hot gradients.
Beyond Labels: Unveiling the Interplay Between Identity and Name Changes in Firm Performance
Authors: Afrifa Godfred Adjapong , Amankwah‐Amoah Joseph
Published: November 2024

Despite the increasing prevalence of corporate name change (CNC) in tandem with a growing body of research on the subject, the boundary and contextual conditions under which CNC yield beneficial or detrimental effects remain underexplored in the current literature. Integrating organizational identity literature and the resource‐based perspective, we examine the boundary and contextual conditions under which name changes impact firm performance. Utilizing financial data from the Financial Analysis Made Easy (FAME) database and focusing on key variables (i.e., degree of internationalization (DOI), international geographical spread (IGS), firm size (FSIZE), country of destination (COD), and firm international or domestic status (STATUS)), we found that companies enjoy superior performance following CNCs. Additionally, the results show that DOI, IGS, and STATUS lead to lower performance after a CNC. However, FSIZE and COD have positive effects on the relationship between CNC and performance. We examine the key practical and theoretical implications.
Cytokine release syndrome treated with tocilizumab following ipilimumab–nivolumab combination therapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Inoue Toru , Todaka Akiko , Fuse Masahiro , Suzuki Shuntaro , Sejiyama Shinya , Ando Tadasuke , Shin Toshitaka
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Cytokine release syndrome is a rare but potentially life‐threatening complication of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Its occurrence in renal cell carcinoma treated with combination therapy is less recognized and poses significant management challenges.

Case presentation

A 50‐year‐old male with metastatic renal cell carcinoma developed severe cytokine release syndrome after receiving ipilimumab–nivolumab combination therapy. The patient presented with high fever, fatigue, and elevated inflammatory markers. Early recognition and prompt intervention with tocilizumab led to rapid clinical improvement.

Conclusion

This case highlights the importance of increased awareness, prompt recognition, and targeted management of cytokine release syndrome in renal cell carcinoma patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor combination therapy. The rapid response to tocilizumab suggests its potential efficacy in managing immune checkpoint inhibitor‐induced cytokine release syndrome.
Returning to work. Part 2: what can be done from an employer's perspective?
Authors: Morley Malcolm
Published: November 2024

Returning to work brings with it shifts in confidence, perspectives and priorities. But despite the varied challenges involved, employers can make a significant impact in reducing pressure for the returner. This article – the second in a two‐part series – discusses how practices can aid the transition back into clinical practice for those who have been on an extended career break, by means of flexible working, tailored support and mentorship, and by creating a psychologically safe workplace culture. Part 1 (which was published in the September issue of In Practice) explored ways in which the returner can approach the return to work to maximise the chances of a successful transition and mitigate the challenges involved.
Integrated multi‐omics and machine learning reveal a gefitinib resistance signature for prognosis and treatment response in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhou Dong , Zheng Zhi , Li Yanqi , Zhang Jiao , Lu Xiao , Zheng Hong , Dai Jigang
Published: November 2024

Gefitinib resistance (GR) presents a significant challenge in treating lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), highlighting the need for alternative therapies. This study explores the genetic basis of GR to improve prediction, prevention, and treatment strategies. We utilized public databases to obtain GR gene sets, single‐cell data, and transcriptome data, applying univariate and multivariate regression analyses alongside machine learning to identify key genes and develop a predictive signature. The signature's performance was evaluated using survival analysis and time‐dependent ROC curves on internal and external datasets. Enrichment and tumor immune microenvironment analyses were conducted to understand the mechanistic roles of the signature genes in GR. Our analysis identified a robust 22‐gene signature with strong predictive performance across validation datasets. This signature was significantly associated with chromosomal processes, DNA replication, immune cell infiltration, and various immune scores based on enrichment and tumor microenvironment analyses. Importantly, the signature also showed potential in predicting the efficacy of immunotherapy in LUAD patients. Moreover, we identified alternative agents to gefitinib that could offer improved therapeutic outcomes for high‐risk and low‐risk patient groups, thereby guiding treatment strategies for gefitinib‐resistant patients. In conclusion, the 22‐gene signature not only predicts prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy in gefitinib‐resistant LUAD patients but also provides novel insights into non‐immunotherapy treatment options.
In Vitro Osteogenic Response to Copper‐Doped Eggshell‐Derived Hydroxyapatite with Macrophage Supplements
Authors: Patil Tejal V. , Patel Dinesh K. , Lim Ki‐Taek
Published: November 2024

The high bioactivity and biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite (HAP) make it a useful bone graft material for bone tissue engineering. However, the development superior osteoconductive and osteoinductive materials for bone regeneration remains a challenge. To overcome these constraints, Cu‐doped hydroxyapatite (HAP(Cu)) from waste eggshells has been produced for bone tissue engineering. The materials produced were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, and photoelectron spectroscopy. The scanning microscopy images revealed that the developed HAP was a rod‐like crystalline structure with a typical 80–150 nm diameter. Energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy showed that the generated HAP was mostly composed of calcium, oxygen, and phosphorus. The Ca/P molar ratios in eggshell‐derived and copper‐doped HAP were 1.61 and 1.67, respectively, similar to the commercially available HAP ratio (1.67). The WST‐8 assay was used to assess the biocompatibility of HAPs with hBMSCs. HAP(Cu) in the media significantly altered the cytotoxicity of biocompatible HAP(Cu). The osteogenic potential of HAP(Cu) was demonstrated by greater mineralization than that of pure HAP or the control. HAP(Cu) showed higher osteogenic gene expression than pure HAP and the control, indicating its stronger osteogenic potential. Furthermore, we assessed the effects of sample‐treated macrophage‐derived conditioned medium (CM) on hBMSCs' osteogenesis. CM‐treated HAP(Cu) demonstrated a significantly higher osteogenic potential vis‐à‐vis pure HAP(Cu). These findings revealed that HAP(Cu) with CM significantly improved osteogenesis in hBMSCs and can be explored as a bone graft in bone tissue engineering.
Treatability of diclofenac and triclosan solutions by catalytic and photocatalytic oxidation processes
Authors: Topkaya Eylem , Arslan Ayla
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

In recent years, advanced oxidation processes (AOP) have gained importance as highly effective methods in the treatment of organic substances with toxic and permanent properties. Diclofenac (DCF) and Triclosan (TCS) pollutants, which are from the endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that were encountered in various aquatic environments such as inlet and outlet waters of treatment plants, surface waters, drinking water, groundwater and sediments were reported in the literature. In this study, mineralisation of DCF and TCS pollutants, which were the EDCs, were investigated by AOPs. The applied processes were O3, O3/UV, O3/ZnO, UV/ZnO, and O3/UV/ZnO. The studies were carried out at two different initial concentrations (5 and 10 mg/L), at 5 ppm ozone dose, 2 × 8 W UVC light, 0.1 g ZnO, in the original pH, and 30 min reaction time.

RESULTS

The highest COD and TOC removal efficiencies were determined in O3/UV/ZnO process as 82% COD, 71% TOC at 5 mg/L concentration for DCF pollutant and as 72% COD, 75% TOC at 10 mg/L concentration for TCS pollutant. For these process conditions, the ozone consumptions were determined 0.13 mgO3/mgCODremoved, 0.31 mgO3/mgTOCremoved and 0.69 mgO3/mgCODremoved, 0.98 mgO3/mgTOCremoved, respectively. The electrical energy per order values were found in the range of 12.33–20.88 kWh/m3 for O3/UV/ZnO processes. Treatment costs of these processes were calculated in the range of 0.002 to 44.823 €/m3.

CONCLUSION

For the treatability of DCF and TCS pollutants, ozone‐based advanced oxidation processes, especially O3/UV/ZnO photocatalytic ozone oxidation process were determined as a feasible process. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Exploring the journey to genomic testing and genetic services: A qualitative study of parental perspectives of children with rare conditions
Authors: Clark Amy , Wallingford Courtney K. , Krause Molly , Renton Heather , Yanes Tatiane , Jacobs Chris , Brett Gemma , McInerney‐Leo Aideen
Published: November 2024

Despite affecting a small portion of the population, rare conditions have a significant impact, collectively affecting around 300 million people worldwide. Historically, early diagnosis has been impeded by failure to recognize rare conditions and order/refer for appropriate genomic testing. The advancements in genome sequencing offer a more agnostic and accelerated approach to the identification and diagnosis of rare disorders, potentially improving health outcomes, reducing the impact of disability, and reducing financial and psychological burdens on families. Due to the complex nature of these conditions, early engagement with genomic testing and clinical genetics services is key to facilitating a diagnosis. This qualitative exploration aimed to understand the journey to genomic testing and services and identify the supports families need during the diagnostic period. We conducted semi‐structured interviews with 24 parents of children with a rare condition. Interviews were analyzed using inductive reflexive thematic analysis. Three themes of the parent experience were identified (1) the need for a streamlined pathway through the healthcare system, (2) the value of healthcare professionals who listen to parents, believed them, and partnered with them, and (3) the power of accurate diagnosis. Our findings indicate that providing direct and timely access to genomic testing for patients with a suspected rare condition could alleviate psychological and financial stressors. Genetic counselors are adept at supporting families affected by rare conditions and are optimally placed to facilitate timely access to genomic testing. Improving timely access may be facilitated through educating primary care physicians and embedding genetic counselors in pediatric settings.
Enteropathy‐associated T‐cell lymphoma: A population‐based cohort study on incidence, treatment, and outcome in the Netherlands
Authors: Meeuwes Frederik O. , Brink Mirian , Plattel Wouter J. , Vermaat Joost S. P. , Kersten Marie José , Wondergem Mariëlle , Visser Otto , van der Poel Marjolein W. M. , Oostvogels Rimke , Woei‐A‐Jin F. J. Sherida H. , Böhmer Lara , Snijders Tjeerd J. F. , Huls Gerwin A. , Nijland Marcel
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Enteropathy‐associated T‐cell lymphoma (EATL) is a peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL) with a poor prognosis. Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) with or without etoposide consolidated by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) are recommended for fit PTCL patients. The role of etoposide and ASCT in EATL is unclear.

Methods

This study reports the incidence, treatment, and outcome of EATL patients using the Netherlands Cancer Registry, with nationwide coverage of >95%.

Results

All patients diagnosed in 1989–2021 (n = 351, 77% treated) were identified (median age 67 years, 56% male, 50% limited stage). Time period analysis assessed trends in primary therapy and overall survival (OS). Treatment included chemotherapy (CT) (34%), surgery (18%), surgery and CT (19%) or CT followed by ASCT (7%). The 5‐year OS for treated patients with limited versus advanced stage was 19% and 9% respectively. The 2‐year OS improved over time (21%–33%, p = 0.06). Surgery only (hazard ratio [HR] 2.16; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.55–3.01, p < 0.01) and advanced‐stage disease (HR 1.67; 95% CI 1.25–2.23, p = 0.01) were predictors of poor prognosis. ASCT (HR 0.31; 95% CI 0.18–0.56) was associated with improved OS.

Conclusion

There was no statistical difference in OS between patients treated with or without etoposide. Current first‐line treatment is ineffective.
高流量持続的血液濾過透析により救命したメトホルミン過量服薬による重度乳酸アシドーシスの1例(A case of severe metformin–associated lactic acidosis treated with high–flow continuous hemodiafiltration)
Authors: 邦生 金尾 , 浩一 上野 , 豊 齋藤 , 聡 鳥海 , 清継 田熊
Published: November 2024

2型糖尿病と診断されている30歳代の男性。自殺目的にメトホルミンを計70g，ビルダグリプチンを計1g過量服薬し，当院へ救急搬送された。来院時に乳酸5.5mmol/Lと高値であったが，バイタルサインに特記すべき異常はなかった。入院後も乳酸アシドーシスが増悪し乳酸値20mmol/Lまで悪化したため，人工呼吸器管理のうえ高流量持続的血液濾過透析（CHDF）を開始した。乳酸アシドーシス増悪に伴い血圧が低下しショックに陥ったため炭酸ナトリウム静注，ノルアドレナリン，バソプレシン持続静注を開始した。CHDF開始後も乳酸値が測定可能の上限値（30mmol/L）を超えるまで増悪したため，設定をさらに高流量へ変更した。来院翌日の採血では腎機能障害，肝機能障害，凝固能異常があり，多臓器不全の状態であった。その後徐々に乳酸アシドーシスは改善し，第2病日にCHDFを離脱した。血圧も徐々に安定し，第4病日に血管収縮薬投与を終了し，人工呼吸器を離脱した。第8病日に精神科に転科となり，第24病日に独歩退院した。重度のメトホルミン関連乳酸アシドーシスに対しては，間欠的血液透析を第1選択とした血液浄化療法が推奨されるが，高流量CHDFも有効な治療手段になる可能性がある。
Cyclooctyne End‐Functionalized Poly(morpholine‐2,5‐dione)s
Authors: Schreiber Johanna , Göppert Natalie E. , Stafast Leanne M. , Weber Christine , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: November 2024

The cyclooctyne‐functionalized alcohol (1R,8S,9S)‐bicyclo‐[6.1.0]non‐4‐yn‐9‐ylmethanol (BCN‐OH) is applied as initiator for the organo‐catalyzed ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of morpholine‐2,5‐diones based on the l‐amino acids valine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine. The ROP is catalyzed by a binary system of 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) and 1‐(3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)‐3‐cyclohexylthiourea (TU) applying a feed ratio of [M]/[I]/[DBU]/[TU] of 100/1/1/10. Kinetic studies reveal that BCN‐OH is capable to initiate the polymerization of morpholine‐2,5‐diones, which proceed in a controlled manner until monomer conversions of 80%. Characterization by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry confirm the covalent attachment of the cyclooctyne moiety as α‐end group of the poly(morpholine‐2,5‐dione)s with maximum dispersities of 1.25. As a proof of concept, a vitamin A end‐functionalized poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) is coupled to a poly(ester amide) by strain‐promoted azide‐alkyne cycloaddition. Characterization of the block copolymer by SEC and DOSY NMR spectroscopy confirm the successful attachment of the two building blocks. The versatile cyclooctyne moiety shall facilitate a metal‐free attachment of other polymer blocks, targeting ligands or dyes at the α‐end group of well‐defined poly(morpholine‐2,5‐dione)s. In consequence, the approach provides access to a new generation of functionalized poly(ester amide)s, which can be customized for specific needs.
Optical Automatic Contour Tracing (O‐ACT) – A novel optical image‐guided contour tracing method for electron beam shaping
Authors: Sohn James J. , Park Jeonghoon , Sen Siddhant , Wu Tianming , Mielke Matt , Kim Siyong
Published: November 2024

Background

Electron therapy, vital for treating skin lesions and superficial tumors, demands precise electron cutouts to ensure accurate dose delivery. Traditional manual tracing methods introduce uncertainties and inefficiencies, necessitating innovative solutions for custom block creation.

Purpose

To introduce and validate the Optical Automatic Contour Tracing (O‐ACT) method, enhancing electron cutout generation's accuracy and efficiency through optical imaging and software automation.

Methods

Utilizing a 3D‐printed holder, a centrally‐mounted charge‐coupled device (CCD) camera on the electron applicator secured two distinct perspective images of the skin's contour at varying heights. Through image binarization and skeletonization, we identified the clinical target contour's region‐of‐interests (ROIs) in each setup image. Employing distances from each ROI's center, assessed at 5‐degree intervals from both images, we reconstructed the target contour on the skin. The magnification factor, set at a 95 cm source‐to‐point distance, determined the final cutout shape. We crafted an in‐house software in MATLAB for camera calibration and image processing and juxtaposed our results against the standard clinical cutout from the treatment planning system (TPS) using a correlation coefficient based on masked binary images' mutual information. Additionally, we performed dosimetric evaluations using abstract shapes to compare O‐ACT with other methods.

Results

Our methodology yielded cutout shapes exhibiting remarkable alignment with the TPS clinical cutout. O‐ACT demonstrated superior precision in generating cutout shapes that closely align with the contours in TPS, improving upon other methods in terms of adaptability to patient body shapes and contour accuracy. Dosimetric evaluations showed minimal differences between methods, with O‐ACT providing slightly more consistent results. Dose profile analyses in penumbra regions indicated O‐ACT's improved accuracy compared to conventional methods.

Conclusions

Pushing the boundaries of traditional practices, our O‐ACT offers a more accurate, efficient, and reproducible method for custom electron cutout creation from clinical setup images. This innovation promises not only to streamline clinical workflow but also to potentially uplift clinical outcomes in radiation oncology by providing more accurate patient‐specific treatment accessary.
A new approach for multislice spatiotemporal encoding MRI in a portable low‐field system
Authors: Qiu Yueqi , Chen Suen , Solomon Eddy , Wang Changyue , Zhong Sijie , Dai Ke , Chen Hao , Frydman Lucio , Zhang Zhiyong
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Spatiotemporal encoding (SPEN) MRI offers a unique alternative to address image distortion problems in echo planar acquisition‐based techniques, at portable low‐field systems that lack multiple receiver coils. However, existing 2‐π multislice SPEN schemes fail to keep consistent SNRs and contrasts with different numbers of slice settings. This work proposes a new multislice SPEN scheme (SPENms) to achieve stable quality imaging in portable low‐field MRI systems.

Methods

The proposed SPENms includes the insertion of one selective π pulse and one non‐selective π pulse, closely arranged together, before the frequency‐swept π pulse in the original 2D SPEN sequence. Theoretical simulations and experiments on phantoms and human brains were conducted to validate its SNR and contrast performances under different parameters compared to the existing 2‐π multislice SPEN scheme.

Results

Both simulations and experiments demonstrate the consistent image quality of SPENms with different scanning parameters and targets, as well as good distortion resistance and scan efficiency. Robust diffusion weighted multislice SPEN images of diagnostic value were also highlighted.

Conclusion

SPENms provides a robust fast echo planar acquisition approach to obtain multislice 2D images with less distortions, consistent SNRs and contrasts at portable low‐field MRI systems.
Multi‐Set MMV Topology Optimization Approach for Sliding Surface Texture Design
Authors: Zhang Weisheng , Tian Honghao , Zhu Bao , Guo Xu , Youn Sung‐Kie
Published: November 2024

Surface texture is of great practical importance in applications due to its significant effect on the tribological performance of the sliding surface. In the present work, an explicit topology optimization framework for surface texture design is proposed. For this purpose, the moving morphable void (MMV)‐based explicit topology optimization approach is used to maximize the load carrying capacity (LCC) of the bearing by optimizing the distribution of the surface texture. A multi‐set of voids is established to describe the multi‐film thickness of the texture. By using the explicit geometry information in MMV, the present work can be seamlessly linked to the CAD system, resulting in the accurate processing of complex surface textures. Besides some numerical examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, experimental tests are also provided to verify the validity of the optimization results.
Characteristics of psychiatric patients with nightmares after suvorexant administration: A retrospective study
Authors: Yasuda Kazuya , Hirano Yoji , Takeda Ryuichiro , Ikeda Ryuji , Ishida Yasushi
Published: November 2024

Aim

Suvorexant is an orexin receptor antagonist (ORA) for the treatment of insomnia. The antagonistic action of suvorexant on orexin receptors is associated with an increase in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which can potentially lead to nightmares depending on the patient's condition. However, the precise risk factors for nightmares among patients taking ORAs, such as suvorexant, have yet to be identified. In this retrospective study, we aimed to identify the risk factors for the development of nightmares in patients treated with suvorexant.

Methods

The risk factors were determined by comparing parameters between the nightmare group and the nonnightmare group. This study included 440 patients who received suvorexant at the University of Miyazaki Hospital from April 2014 to January 2021.

Results

We found that 9.1% (n = 40) of the patients experienced suvorexant‐induced nightmares. There was a significant difference in the median age, which was lower in the nightmare group than in the nonnightmare group (p < 0.01). Furthermore, both multiple logistic regression analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed increased odds ratios for nightmares for individuals aged 20–39 years.

Conclusions

This study revealed that elderly patients taking suvorexant had fewer nightmares than nonelderly patients did.
From Surviving to Thriving: Key Considerations for Weight Control Across Diverse Cancer Survivorship Populations
Authors: Brown Justin C. , Allicock Marlyn , Valle Carmina G. , Agurs‐Collins Tanya
Published: November 2024

Background

Obesity is a chronic, relapsing, progressive disease of excess adiposity that increases the risk of dying from at least 16 types of cancer. The prevalence of obesity has increased more rapidly in cancer survivors compared with the general population. Tailored weight management strategies are needed to improve prognosis and health outcomes in the growing population of cancer survivors. However, certain cancer survivor population subgroups require unique consideration when developing weight management strategies.

Methods

In a symposium convened by The Obesity Society during ObesityWeek 2023 titled “From Surviving to Thriving: Key Considerations for Weight Control Across Diverse Cancer Survivorship Populations,” experts presented the current state of the science and highlighted existing research gaps.

Results

Topics included key considerations for weight management in adolescent and young adult cancer survivors, older adult cancer survivors, and understudied cancer survivor subgroups at high risk for poor health outcomes and innovative interventions that can be tested to improve cancer survivorship.

Conclusions

This report reviews the symposium and offers perspectives from the expert panel about unique opportunities for future research on tailored weight management strategies to equitably improve prognosis and health outcomes in the diverse and growing population of cancer survivors.
A Hybrid Ice Model
Authors: Kahl Saskia , Mehlmann Carolin
Published: November 2024

The continuum viscous–plastic sea‐ice model is widely used in climate models for simulating large‐scale sea‐ice dynamics, usually on grids of several kilometres (10 km). Recently, there is an increasing interest in modelling small‐scale processes that have the potential to impact large‐scale dynamics such as sea‐ice–iceberg interactions. The latter have not yet been studied in the context of climate models as efficient numerical realizations are missing. To close this gap, a hybrid ice‐mélange model has been introduced recently. In the approach, icebergs in form of particles are coupled to the viscous–plastic sea‐ice model by modifying the tensile strength in the presence of icebergs. The icebergs, in the size of several hundreds of metres, are tracked on sub‐grid scale, which makes the approach numerically efficient. In this contribution, we extent the work to a setup that treats both sea‐ice floes and icebergs as particles. We refer to this model framework as the hybrid ice model. We show that the time discretized momentum equation is equivalent to a convex energy minimization problem and therefore allows the use of efficient numerical solvers. Furthermore, we demonstrate that sub‐grid dynamics, such as polynya formation due to grounded icebergs, can be reflected with a full particle representation of the sea‐ice tracers.
Enabling Design of Strong and Tough Poly(Propylene Carbonate) Through In Situ Generated Poly(Propylene Carbonate)‐Based Cross‐Linked Microdomains
Authors: Sang Mingyu , Zhang Xuhui , Huang Jing , Li Ting , Wang Yang , Wang Shibo , Qu Baoliu , Dong Weifu
Published: November 2024

The wide use of poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC), a biodegradable polymer made from carbon dioxide, will contribute greatly to alleviating environmental issues such as white pollution and greenhouse effect. However, the poor mechanical properties and low glass transition temperature (Tg) seriously limit the practical application of PPC. Traditional reinforcement methods for PPC will reduce the toughness sharply. Herein, we propose a new strategy for preparing strong and tough PPC through in situ generated high‐performance PPC‐based cross‐linked microdomains (PPC‐MD). Specifically, based on the aminolysis reaction between carbonate groups in PPC and multiple amine groups in polyethylenimine, PPC‐MD and hydroxy‐terminated PPC with low molecular weight (l‐PPC‐OH) are generated during melt blending. Then, hexamethylene diisocyanate is added to link l‐PPC‐OH for the purpose of eliminating the plasticization of l‐PPC‐OH and the degradation effect of terminal hydroxyl group. The PPC‐MD with high Tg can effectively reinforce PPC and improve its toughness. The PPC/PEI/HDI‐0.02/0.04 shows a high tensile strength of 29.4 ± 2.5 MPa and a toughness of 86.8 ± 5.2 MJ/m3, which is 2.58‐ and 1.38‐folds of PPC, respectively. Besides, the PPC‐MD can greatly improve the Tg of PPC as well. It is worth highlighting that this method can be accomplished by melt blending, which is facile and can be scaled up. We envision that this work will enrich the modification method of PPC and promote the practical application of PPC as the as‐fabricated PPC shows integrated high strength, high toughness, and high Tg.
Shape memory polyurethane synthesis using glycerol as chain extender for biomedical applications
Authors: Başkır Serap , Cankaya Alican Onur , Tekay Emre , Erenay Berkay , Garipcan Bora , Kocatürk Özgür
Published: November 2024

Incorporation of shape memory polymers into biomedical devices is an attractive option due to their notable advantages of low cost, biocompatibility, tunable degradability, patient‐specific design and adjustable mechanical and thermal properties. Shape memory polyurethanes are particularly attractive due to their extensive temperature range for shape recovery as well as the ability to fine‐tune the glass transition temperature. This study aimed to synthesize a shape memory polyurethane using glycerol as chain extender with a glass transition temperature within a suitable temperature range for biomedical applications. The results showed that the triggering temperatures for the synthesized samples change between 63.95 °C and 88.21 °C. Shape memory properties were investigated for the temperature range 40–75 °C. Shape recovery times were found to be substantial with increasing temperature with ~102 s at 40 °C and ~1 s at 75 °C. Shape fixity and shape recovery rates for the same temperature ranges were 77.8% and 85.6% at 40 °C and 100% and 100% for 75 °C. The cytotoxicity assay indicates promising biocompatibility of the synthesized material for biomedical purposes. Overall, the synthesized polymers were found to be a potential candidate for biomedical applications such as stents, aneurysm filling or occlusion devices. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Reprocessable and Chemically Recyclable Polyester Elastomers via a Tandem Ring‐Opening Polymerization and Photo‐Crosslinking Strategy From Bio‐Renewable β‐Methyl‐δ‐Valerolactone
Authors: Zhang Jiqing , Liu Yingying , Shen Yong
Published: November 2024

Due to the lack of effective physical reprocessing or chemical recovery capabilities, thermosetting polymers face long‐term post‐disposing problems. The introduction of dynamic covalent bonds can effectively combine reprocessing ability with typical robust properties of thermosetting polymer. However, after multiple reprocessing treatments, thermosets often suffer significant decrease in mechanical properties, so the chemical recycling and reuse is crucial and necessary for the sustainable development of thermosetting polymers. Herein, a series of polyesters PβMδVL‐TA with mono‐ or bis‐terminal cyclic disulfide bond was first synthesized via esterification between terminal hydroxyl of PβMδVL and carboxyl of thioctic acid (TA). Then, the thermosetting elastomer with both physical reprocessability and chemical recyclability was prepared by simple UV‐triggered ring‐opening polymerization of cyclic disulfide. By regulating cross‐linking sites and the molecular weight of the mono‐ or bis‐PβMδVL‐TA, such polyester elastomers exhibit good tensile strength and elasticity with elastic recovery can reach 98% after 10 cycles. Furthermore, the dynamic reaction of disulfide bonds induced by hot pressing and UV light enables multiple reprocessing of cross‐linked elastomers. Remarkably, the efficient chemical recycling of the elastomers was achieved to recover pristine βMδVL monomer with 90% yield in the presence of ZnCl2 as the catalyst at 130°C.
Global Profiling of Protein Lactylation in Human Hippocampi
Authors: Shi Chun‐Mei , Wang Qiao‐Chu , Li Xiao‐Lu , Yang Ye‐Hong , Tang Xiao‐Yue , Wu Yue , Ding Tao , Zhang Xu‐Tong , Zhang Zhi‐Yi , Han Ron , Kong Jie , Liu Jiang‐Feng , Yang Jun‐Tao
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The hippocampus has long been associated with cognition and memory function, the implications of lysine lactylation (Kla), a recently identified post‐translational modification (PTM), in the role of the hippocampus remain largely unexplored.

Experimental Design

An LC‐MS/MS bottom‐up proteomics analysis of three human hippocampal tissue samples was applied to profile the lactylation map in human hippocampi under normal physiological conditions.

Results

We identified 2579 quantifiable Class I lactylated sites in 853 proteins, of which contained four types of modification motifs. Cellular localization analysis implies that a majority of lactylated proteins were distributed in the cytoplasm. Functional enrichment analysis showed that lactylated proteins were mainly involved in energy metabolic pathways. In addition, we found that the lactylation on histones exhibits a certain degree of conservation across different tissues. Compared with previously reported lactylation databases, 213 lactylated proteins were identified for the first time in this study.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance

The first global lactylated proteins atlas of human hippocampi was reported in this study. Our work provides a reliable foundation for further research on lactylation in the hippocampus under physiological conditions.
A Dual‐Mode Robot‐Assisted Plate Implantation Method for Femoral Shaft Fracture
Authors: Guo Yanchao , Chen Yimiao , Zhou Xianzheng , Bi Jianping , Moore Jason Z. , Zhang Qinhe
Published: November 2024

Background

Minimally invasive internal fixation is the preferred treatment option for femoral shaft fractures. However, there are problems such as invisibility, inaccuracy and instability in the process of plate implantation.

Methods

In this paper, a dual‐mode robot‐assisted plate implantation method was proposed by combining a starting point determination algorithm, motion capture, deep learning and robotics.

Results

The neural network model planned the plate implantation trajectory according to patient's condition. Then, the advantages of high stability and high precision of the robotic arm were used for plate implantation.

Conclusion

The trend and fluctuation of the plate implantation trajectories obtained using this method met clinical requirements. Furthermore, the robotic arm implantation process was safe.
Advanced materials and fabricating approaches for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Kong Xiangru , Zhou Tao , Wang Long , Liu Kuaile , Huang Xiaozhong , Li Tao , Sun Zhu , Gong Feng , Fan Weiwei , Xiao Rui
Published: November 2024

Production of electrical energy in an environmental‐friendly manner is important for meeting the increasing demand of electricity in smart vehicles and energy devices. Benefitted from its moderate working temperatures and high conversion efficiency, proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has received broad attention and commercialized rapidly in the past decades. Herein, we comprehensively review the advanced types of electrolytes and their underlying working mechanisms to offer a considerate guidance to develop novel electrolytes with high proton conductivity and wide working temperature window. Moreover, to rationally design cost‐effective and robust electrodes, the well‐developed anode and cathode and their fundamental working principles are elaborately reviewed and discussed. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of overall structure, fabricating approaches of functional components of PEMFC and their corresponding influencing factors are minutely reviewed and analyzed with the aim of tuning cell performance and preparing PEMFC in a high‐throughput way. Lastly, we highlight the conclusions of this review and present the penitential developing directions.
Copper‐Catalyzed Regioselective Reaction for Arylselenation of Unprotected Pyrazoles Using Selenium Powder
Authors: Mu Xiaoxu , Wu Yi , Pu Yusheng , Ruan Jinghua , Zha Xin , Gao Suo , Wang Bing , Wang Jianta , Tang Lei , Wang Cong
Published: November 2024

A new and convenient Cu‐catalyzed three‐component reaction of N‐unsubstituted pyrazoles with Se powder and aryl iodides has been established. The protocol presents a broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, and high regioselectivity. The utility of this procedure is further established by gram‐scale synthesis as well as the diversified transformations of 4‐organylselanyl‐1H‐pyrazoles to useful compounds.
Topological Defect‐Regulated Porous Carbon Nanoribbon for High‐Performance Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Yongsheng , Zhu Yingchun , Liu You , Xu Bingshe
Published: November 2024

Potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) using carbonaceous anode materials have attracted a great deal of research interest. However, the large atomic size of potassium ions inevitably leads to huge volume expansion and the collapse of anodes during intercalation, which greatly hinders rate performance and cycling life. In this work, carbon nanotube‐derived porous N‐doped carbon nanoribbon (CNR) bundles are designed as an anode for PIBs. These CNR materials are in rich defects which provide fast channels for charge transport and abundant active sites for potassium ion storage. The CNR materials exhibit a maximum capacity of 441.4 mA h g−1 at a current density of 0.2 A g−1 after 200 cycles as well as a highly reversible capacity of 263.6 mA h g−1 at a current density of 5.0 A g−1 even after 1000 cycles. This work provides guidance for the structure design of nanoribbon materials for high‐performance PIBs.
Incorporation of Organic Benzoquinone Framework Into rGO via Strong π–π Interaction for High‐Performance Aqueous Ammonium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Tang Xinlei , Zhang Shuyan , Sun Haohao , Zhang Haode , Jian Zelang , Hu Shan , Chen Wen
Published: November 2024

Aqueous ammonium‐ion batteries (AAIBs) are promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage devices. However, organic materials as suitable anodes face severe challenges due to their structural instability and poor conductivity, which hinder the development of AAIBs. Herein, an innovative approach is introduced by incorporating an organic benzoquinone framework, 5,7,11,14‐tetraaza‐6,13‐pentacenequinone (TAPQ), with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using a solvent exchange method. Benefiting from π–π interaction and electron delocalization, TAPQ/rGO features enhanced cycling stability and ion/electron transportation. Consequently, the composite electrode delivers a reversible capacity of 181.7 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and achieves an ultrahigh capacity retention of 94.5% over 10 000 cycles at 5 A g−1, surpassing most reported anodes in AAIBs. Combining density functional theory (DFT) calculation and ex situ electrochemical characterizations, the unique storage mechanism of chelation coordination between NH4+ and N, O is revealed. Furthermore, a high‐performance NH4+‐based full cell, assembled with TAPQ/rGO anode and copper hexacyanoferrate (Cu‐HCF) cathode, demonstrates long‐term cycling stability with 93.95% capacity retention after 500 cycles. This work pioneers the concept of π–π interactions to significantly improve NH4+ storage performance, presenting a novel strategy for the advancement of AAIBs research.
Coarse‐Grain Heat‐Affected Zone Microstructure Evolution and Crack Propagation of Ca‐Treated Q550 Thick‐Steel Plate by High‐Heat Input Welding
Authors: Qi Huan , Zhao Heming , Pang Qihang , Li Weijuan , Yu Hao , Zhang Dazheng
Published: November 2024

The traditional research believes that the inclusion size of Ca‐treated steel is large and the mechanical properties are not good, so it is rarely used in high‐heat input welding. Although there have been reports in recent years about Ca‐treated steel for high‐heat input welding, the study on its evolution process and mechanism is very lacking. In this article, the evolution of coarse grain heat‐affected zone of Ca‐treated steel was studied by in‐situ observation, microstructure analysis, and low‐temperature impact test. The results indicate that Ca–Al–O inclusions, with a size of about 7 μm, effectively prevent austenite grain boundary migration and crack propagation while promoting the formation of lath bainite. During the cooling process, small‐sized inclusions precipitated from the test steel also facilitate the nucleation of intracrystalline lath structures. Unlike traditional Ti, Mg, and other deoxidized welding steels, when the heat input increases from 200 to 400 kJ cm−1, the microstructure type of the test steel is still ferrite + lath‐bainite, but the number of lath‐bainite near the grain boundary decreases, and the grain misorientation decreases significantly. Grain boundary, lath structure, and M/A effectively prevent crack propagation, but the hindering effect decreases successively.