bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Basic research on the effect of distance between performers on ensemble performance
Authors: YATANI Hitomi , SHIMIZU Takafumi
Published: October 2024

Due to the spread of COVID-19, the performers on stage were required to keep a certain distance among them. Because it was considered that the droplets come from performers rise a risk of infection with COVID-19 when they performed musical instruments. A distance of at least 2 m between
wind instrument performers, and 1.5 m between string instrument performers was recommended. However, with these distances, the performers found it difficult to perform. Actually, in previous studies, it has been suggested that difficulties in listening to their performance can occur. However,
the specific causes of these problems have not yet been clarified. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of differences in distance between performers on acoustical properties and auditory perception by focusing on performers in an ensemble. In particular, targeting
a group of five performers arranged in a semi-elliptical shape, the various acoustic physical quantities, and conducting subjective evaluation experiments were performed. As a result, it was found that changes in the distance between performers affect the acoustic properties and the auditory
perception. This knowledge will contribute to creating a comfortable environment for performers.
GPU implementation of a fast active noise control algorithm with multiple reference signals
Authors: LIU Junlin , SUN Hongling , WU Ming , YANG Jun , WEN Jian , WANG Han
Published: October 2024

Traditional active noise control (ANC) systems are mostly implemented on digital signal processor (DSP). Due to the inadequate computational power of the DSP, especially in applications with multiple reference signals, the DSP is unable to update the optimal control filter for different
types of noise. Hence, Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) has been incorporated to the ANC system to enhance its computational power. In this work, a DSP-CPU-GPU computing architecture is adopted to improve the computational performance of the ANC system and ensure the real-time signal processing.
In addition, a fast ANC algorithm on the GPU is employed to update the control filters to handle different reference signals. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is verified by experiments in the condition of multiple reference signals.
Predicting noise and vibration in electric brake systems at mass production stage using q-axis current
Authors: WOO Jeongwoo , KIM Byung Jun , KANG Yeon June
Published: October 2024

This study explores the challenges of noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) in electric brake systems within the context of the automotive industry's shift towards environmentally friendly technologies. The electrification of vehicles and their braking systems leads to weight reduction
and enhanced braking efficiency. However, these advancements also yield new NVH challenges. The intricate motor-driven mechanisms of electric brake systems are prone to cogging torque, magnetic imbalance, and radial electromagnetic forces, which degrade the user experience and necessitate
service interventions. Therefore, this study presents an approach to predicting noise and vibration levels using q-axis current measurements obtained during the initial actuation of electric brake systems in the mass production stage. This study aims to establish a predictive model that can
identify potential NVH problems early, enhance the quality and reliability of electric brake systems, and improve user satisfaction. This method enhances sustainable vehicle technologies, improving the overall user experience. The study delves into the intricate relationship between electrical
currents and NVH phenomena by integrating electromagnetic analysis with mechanical dynamics. Therefore, this paves the way for the development of advanced diagnostic tools in electric vehicle technology.
Analytical model of an active noise control system for performance analysis of adaptive algorithms in HVAC system
Authors: ANACHKOVA Maja , DOMAZETOVSKA MARKOVSKA Simona , PECIOSKI Damjan , SHISHKOVSKI Dejan
Published: October 2024

In real-world acoustic scenarios related to the problem with the low-frequency noise such as HVAC systems, the signal is a stochastic, non-stationary and time-varying process where the performance of the active noise control technique mainly depends on the characteristics of the adaptive
filtering techniques. In this paper, a method for analytical modeling of active noise control of signals in MATLAB/Simulink is presented, in which the acquisition of audio signals is provided by using a National Instruments control and acquisition module. For the realization of the active
noise control, an adaptive filtering system model for signal analysis has been developed, using three adaptive algorithms (LMS,RLS and NLMS). The analysis of the characteristics of each of the three investigated adaptive algorithms is performed according to four parameters: Mean Square Error
(MSE), convergence speed, stability and robustness. The conclusions are presented through a comparative analysis of the results obtained from the implemented methodology. The individual characteristics and parameters that are observed for correct adaptation and optimal results of each of the
adaptive filters are explained in detail.
Novel methods for the control of blast noise from explosive depth hardening
Authors: SIMCOX Zachary , MANUEL Gethin , WADDINGTON David , NOURIAN Amir
Published: October 2024

DNV Spadeadam undertakes crucial major hazards testing to improve safety across a wide range of industries, including energy and infrastructure. One common form of testing is Explosive Depth Hardening (EDH) in which plastic explosives up to 10 kg TNT are used to harden pre-cast railway
crossings in order to support national transport infrastructure. The operations produce extremely high intensity noise and are carried out up to 10 times per day. The source characteristics of the explosion are not well understood and vary significantly with operational demands. This has implications
on occupational and environmental blast noise impacts. Quantification of the source characteristics are important for the exposures of site personnel with regards to providing adequate hearing protection. Moreover, for the purpose of managing environmental noise impacts on local communities,
the uncertainties around source directivity and strength make long-range blast noise prediction difficult. This paper presents the current research on novel blast noise mitigation undertaken in the laboratory, such as experimental water curtains, water sprays, and metamaterial designs. It
is proposed to implement novel methods developed in the laboratory for use during EDH shots at full-scale, and the potential improvements to occupational and environmental noise impacts will be discussed.
Noise control in ducts using Herschel-Quincke acoustic metamaterial array
Authors: CADETE Kael , DOS SANTOS José
Published: October 2024

Acoustic resonators, like Helmholtz, side branch tubes, expansion chambers, Herschel-Quincke, and so on, are usually used to control duct noise in acoustic systems. Noise attenuation in local resonators occurs due to impedance mismatch of incident, transmitted, and reflected waves induced
by the addition of resonators. The frequency band and the attenuation level generated by the resonator depend on its geometry and behave as a narrow-band filter. However, a much larger frequency band, called bandgap, is obtained if they are appropriately distributed (periodically or not) along
the duct length. This paper investigates acoustic noise attenuation for an acoustic metamaterial using a Herschel-Quincke (HQ) resonator. It is modeled by the transfer matrix method and the finite element method. Also, a study about the arrangements of the HQ resonators (serial and parallel)
is conducted to verify their accuracy and efficiency related to bandwidth enlargement and sound transmission loss. Simulated results are obtained for different examples and compared to those from the literature.
Characterization of the dynamic forces transmitted to the support of a railway track, due to the roughness of wheels and rails - 3D finite element approach
Authors: BARBA ROSSA Cédric , AHMED Omar , LAURENT Christophe , MAFFI-BERTHIER Victor
Published: October 2024

Among the causes of railway vibrations, rail and wheel roughness is recognized as a major contribution. The excitation mechanism at work when rough wheels run on rough rails can be assimilated to a prescribed relative displacement between the wheels and the rails. This article deals
with the modeling of this wheel/rail interaction phenomenon, using a 3D FEM approach. The input excitation data is the combined wheel / rail roughness spectrum, while the sought output is the spectrum of dynamic forces transmitted to the support. Characterization of these dynamic forces can
be used, for instance, to assess the anti-vibration performance of a track. The presented approach overcomes the limitations of 2D or analytical approaches commonly encountered in dynamic studies of railway tracks: (a) It takes advantage of the finite element modeling flexibility, compared
to analytical approaches, which are developed for specific configurations. (b) It can account for the infrastructure's dynamic flexibility, whether it is invariant in the longitudinal direction or not. (c) It can account for the 3D dynamic behavior of the track. As an illustration, the method
is applied to a floating slab track, thereby showing the importance of the transverse modal behavior of the track in this case.
Characterization of façade sound insulation by impulse response measurements for various source position formats: a case study
Authors: TERZAKIS Michail Evangelos , VAN HOORICKX Cédric , HORNIKX Maarten
Published: October 2024

The sound insulation of a building's façade is important for estimating the indoor levels in relation to the outdoor levels. The measurement of the sound insulation (i.e., outdoor-to-indoor level difference) is significantly affected by the methodology employed. In this study,
an impulse response measurement methodology is incorporated, alleviating uncertainties associated with the measurement's chain. The effect of loudspeaker position on sound insulation is investigated with respect to three source position formats (horizontal, inclined, and linear), each consisting
of three source positions. The appropriate length of the excitation signal is verified using the impulse-to-noise ratio (INR) indicator. Focusing on the outdoor-to-indoor level differences, corresponding to the energy captured in each external receiver (placed very close to windows) and across
all the internal receivers per source position, significant differences were found. This indicates the impact of both the distance and angle of incidence between the outdoor receiver and the sound source position. In terms of the average outdoor-to-indoor level difference among the three source
formats, the linear format shows slightly lower values compared to the horizontal and inclination source formats, which are similar to each other, but follows the main trend.
Use of operational track dynamics logger measurement data on Norwegian railway tracks to analyze rail joints and rail welding degradation
Authors: VERHELST Eduard , URSIN Torbjorn
Published: October 2024

Since 2022, the Bane Nor Measurement train is equipped with a TDL (Track Dynamics logger) designed by SD&M - France. The TDL captures, by means of 4 triaxial accelerometers on the bearings of a bogie and 4 water resistant microphones, both the forces and noise emission generated
by the complete Norwegian railway network, automatically and without need for any user interaction. The acquired data (0-20kHz) is processed towards parameters usable for noise mitigation and maintenance planning, and both raw and processed data are transferred through a 4G/5G connection to
a dedicated cloud repository. In Norway, about 4000 kilometers of tracks are covered by the TDL, recording parameters for protection of the infrastructure (rails, sleepers, ballast), for troubleshooting annoyance of citizens (noise, vibrations), and for verification of maintenance activities
(grinding, tamping, switches, etc.). Roughness spectra (1-50 cm wavelengths), squat detection, and railpad damping properties are some examples of parameters that can be extracted from the data. Here we will focus mainly on detection or rail defects such as squats, studs, and weldings, by
applying advanced signal processing such as band filtering, wavelets, and specific issue-detection algorithms. A comparison can be made with other measurement techniques, e.g., laser scanning or high-speed photography.
Vibration damping of sandwich panels using the Acoustic Black Hole effect
Authors: BESSE Alex , AKLOUCHE Omar , ABLITZER Frédéric , PELAT Adrien , GAUTIER François
Published: October 2024

Among the existing passive vibration control techniques, the use of the acoustic black hole (ABH) is a solution that has the advantage of not increasing the mass of the structure in which it is integrated. In this paper, the benefits of inserting an ABH into a three-layer sandwich panel
(fibreglass skins and honeycomb core) are investigated. It is known that an ABH effect can be achieved in a panel by locally reducing its stiffness (using a reduction in plate thickness according to a power law profile) and increasing local damping (using a coating of viscoelastic material).
A sandwich panel induces a shear effect that strongly affect the wave propagation and lead to specific properties to the ABH effect. The equations of motion of a thick, symmetrical sandwich panel with non-uniform characteristics are obtained within the framework of zig-zag theory by applying
Hamilton's principle. These equations lead to a semi-analytical model of order 6, from which an effective bending stiffness, dependent on both frequency and space can be derived. Using this model, it is demonstrated that the sandwich effective bending stiffness favours the ABH effect. This
interesting property is also validated by experimental tests on sandwich panels using laser vibrometry.
Modeling of a moving point source in inhomogeneous and turbulent media - Application to aircraft noise
Authors: KAYSER Bill , DRAGNA Didier , BLANC-BENON Philippe
Published: October 2024

Engineering solutions for the modeling of aircraft noise often rely on simplified approaches that consider quasi-static sources and homogenous propagation conditions. These hypothesis may lead to significant inaccuracies on sound pressure level predictions in certain configurations,
especially for source traveling at high mach number and at several hundred meters from the receiver. In order to overcome these limitations, an efficient numerical model based on the coupling of a heuristic formulation and a ray-tracing model is proposed. The modeling takes into account source
motion effect (Doppler effect and convective amplification), as well as the sound propagation phenomena in inhomogeneous media (waves refraction and scattering by atmospheric turbulence). Several case study related to aircraft noise are presented, for which wind and temperature profiles correspond
to experimental measurements. The influence of atmospheric turbulence for such configuration is finally discussed. This work is part of the program MAMBO (Advanced methods for engine and aicraft noise modelling" coordinated by Airbus SAS and supported by the Direction Générale
de l'Aviation Civile (DGAC).
An efficient numerical model for the sound radiation from a supported rail
Authors: KNUTH Christopher , SQUICCIARINI Giacomo , THOMPSON David
Published: October 2024

In this work, the sound radiation of a supported rail is investigated using a numerical 2.5D Finite Element model that is coupled with a 2.5D Boundary Element model. The vibration of the track is modelled by coupling the infinite rail to an equivalent continuous double-layer support
and is used as input for calculating the consequent sound radiation. An interpolation method that allows for a quick solution of the boundary element calculations is proposed and validated by comparison with an analytical solution, showing differences less than 0.1 dB. The assembled model
is used for calculating the sound radiation from the rail in terms of sound power per unit squared force applied to the rail head in vertical and lateral directions for three different rail configurations. The transfer functions obtained can be used in rolling noise calculations. The proposed
interpolation method allows calculations that are more than 100 times faster than the regular procedure for the case considered.
A synthesized airless tyre traffic sound scenario for health impact assessment
Authors: GENELL Anders , SMITH Michael , GARCíA Juan Jesus
Published: October 2024

Within the LEON-T project, a composite wheel is being developed that is aimed to reduce noise from the tyre-road interaction by removing the air filled cavity entirely and by allowing the tread belt be permeable, thus reducing air pressure build-up in the contact patch. Parallel to
the developement of the composite "airless tyre" the potential health impact from reducing noise by adopting such a composite wheel has been investigated by synthesizing the sound of a composite wheel. The synthesized sound has then been used to create different traffic flow scenarios
used for laboratory studies of effects on sleep from noise. Results indicate positive effects on health through less sleep disturbance from composite wheel noise as compared to ordinary tyre noise. This paper describes the synthesis process and the scenarios used for the sleep laboratory experiments.
"Tasting" sounds by A.I. Sommelier - Unsupervised machine learning of wine evaluation applied for sound quality evaluation
Authors: KUBO Norio , ATAMER Serkan
Published: October 2024

Wine produced countries in European Union categorize quality of wine as three classes by subjective judgements (called as "Appellation" in French) like taste, land of producer, type of grape seed and so on. In order to evaluate those wine quality, unsupervised machine learning
with measured optical and chemical data of wine enables to categorize those 3 subjective classes at high accuracies. With those "A.I. Sommelier" techniques, vacuum cleaner sounds are categorized with psychoacoustic parameters and then modeling by image recognition AI of sFFT images
correlate with annoyance rating at high rate. Although unsupervised machine learning technique is uncommon, it shows unsupervised machine learning technique is useful for sound quality evaluation
Multimodal Hong Kong: A review of policies regarding soundscape and smellscape of Chinese temples
Authors: LAM Lok Him , LINDBORG PerMagnus , ALETTA Francesco , WONG Pui Yun Paulina , YUE Ran
Published: October 2024

Many people in Hong Kong regularly visit Chinese temples, and see this not necessarily as a religious activity, but as a traditional practice. Temples represent the local intangible cultural heritage. The dense urbanity and mixed population characterise Hong Kong and make it valuable
to study its sounds and smells. Most temples existed earlier than modern urban areas, which grew around them. The temple soundscape consists of drums, bells, coin donations, ventilation fans, as well as chanting, especially during festivals. The smellscape consists of ritual burning of incense
and paper, fruit offerings, and building materials e.g., wood and cement. The burning causes particle pollution, health concerns, and residential nuisance, that may conflict with the wish for sustaining a valuable heritage. Smells and air quality have recently become debated, raising the question
of the need for a specific regulatory framework. There is currently a lack of official provision that directly protects the sounds and smells of these temples in Hong Kong. This paper reviews the current state of Hong Kong policies in regard to soundscape and smellscape, with comparison to
China and France, because of the latter's progressive agenda in preserving sensory heritage in the countryside.
Acoustic detection of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in flight with respect to the signal-to-noise ratio using machine learning
Authors: COZANET Gildas , THOMAS Jean-Hugh , RAOOF Kosai
Published: October 2024

Nowadays, unmanned Aerial vehicles (UAV) are more and more commonly found in the world for a variety of activities. It has become an important task to detect and classify them in order to manage their potential malicious intentions. Current detection and classification methods mostly
rely on feature extraction and the use of artificial neural networks that can be heavily impacted by the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The approach proposed aims to solve a two-class problem (presence or absence of an UAV) by extracting information on the content of the acoustic source, and
then presenting it as input to a neural network. The features used are strongly inspired by the harmonic sound emitted by UAV. Attention is also given on the SNR of the scene. Indeed, various disturbing sources such as trains, helicopters or footsteps are involved from an open library. These
signals are added to our recordings of UAVs in flight by tuning their amplitude to obtain different SNRs. The aim is to establish the performance of the detection system as a function of the SNR of the scene.
Noise emission characteristics of cosmetics manufacturing plants
Authors: RYU Je-Ryong , JEONG A-Yeong , PARK Jin-O , LEE Jae-Kwan , KANG Sung-Hoon
Published: October 2024

Recently, a rapid increase in the establishment of cosmetics manufacturing facilities has been observed in Korea because of the growing export of K-beauty products. Many of these factories are certified under good manufacturing practice (GMP) standards and show significant interest
in quality management, industrial injury prevention, and productivity enhancement. Among industrial injuries, noise-induced hearing loss holds the largest share, rendering it crucial for industrial injury prevention. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the noise exposure status in cosmetics
manufacturing facility spaces. Analysis revealed that the 24-h average continuous noise level (L_eq) was approximately 69.0 dB(A). The measured areas were divided into three rooms based on their purpose, of which the Manufacturing Room showed the highest noise levels ranging from 74.0 to 77.0
dB(A). Additionally, the Blister Packaging and Sealing Room ranged from 64.1 to 66.1 dB(A), and the Box Packing Room ranged from 64.3 to 65.8 dB(A), all within acceptable limits and not exceeding day-night noise correction exposure standards. From the perspective of industrial injury prevention
and monitoring, this study aims to implement these measurement results within the metaverse in the future for visualization.
On the association between noise exposure and annoyance for road and rail traffic noise
Authors: OLAFSEN Sigmund , KILLENGREEN Tore F.
Published: October 2024

There have been a number of small projects in the Oslo area attempting to determine how annoyance relates to noise exposure. There are several possible ways to measure annoyance, some of them are quantitative and some are qualitative. Noise exposure can be measured or calculated with
acceptable accuracy in a given position. But it is still uncertain how the evaluation should be performed, as both outdoor and indoor levels should be taken into account. The subjective evaluation of noise immission for an exposed person also depends on other factors beside the physical noise.
We will, however, claim that noise is a reasonable proxy for the total environmental exposure for a resident. It would also seem that a subjective evaluation requires grounding in objective facts in order to be useful. There are many possible reasons for a large variation between persons in
the perceived annoyance due to the same noise exposure. We suggest a simple model with a wide range of uncertainty as a possible predictor of perceived annoyance within a given neighbourhood.
Noise Radiation from a partially opened and elevated tunnel-tube
Authors: NOTARIO TéVAR Antonio , PROBST Wolfgang
Published: October 2024

Road or railway tunnels are considered in noise prediction programs generally by neglecting any emission from the tunnel structure between the openings and replacing each tunnel mouth by additional sources simulating the sound radiated from inside to outside through these openings.
The sound pressure level inside the tunnel can be derived from the analog model of a room formed by a slice cut out of the extended tunnel with two perfect reflecting planes perpendicular to the tunnel axis. The paper presents a methodology for the case of an elevated tunnel tube with an upper
ventilation gap running over the entire length of the tunnel to calculate the sound pressure levels in the surrounding area more approximately using engineering models like ISO 9613-2 or others and more detailed using a particle method developed to account for complete 3-dimensional propagation
problems.
Functions for noise reduction in acoustic standards: evaluating reverberation time, mean absorption coefficient, and a novel approach
Authors: ZIEGLER Thomas
Published: October 2024

Contemporary European acoustic standards utilize dimensioning functions based on either reverberation time or mean absorption coefficient. For spaces with the primary goal of noise reduction, achieving consistent overall sound pressure level (SPL) reduction, regardless of room sizes
and shapes is evidently desirable. The conditions under which reverberation time and mean absorption coefficient approaches align with the objective of consistent SPL reduction are analyzed. Generally, both approaches fall short of achieving consistency in case of varying ground surface or
room shape, i.e. length, width and height relations. Additionally, in large rooms, constant or room height-dependent reverberation time functions may lead to extensive absorption areas, complicating the installation of acoustical treatments and degrading their economic efficiency. A novel
dimensioning function, providing consistent SPL reduction independently of room size and shape, is derived based on diffuse field theory. The novel function is multiplied by a linear function of room height and length, to alleviate accuracy limitations of diffuse field theory in case of varying
room shapes. Finally, simulations systematically varying room sizes and shapes demonstrate that the novel dimensioning function significantly outperforms existing approaches in achieving consistent SPL reduction.
Direct aeroacoutic simulation of a ducted axial fan with acoustic liners using a volume penalization lattice Boltzmann solver on heterogeneous massively parallel platforms
Authors: SATO Katsuya , OHIRA Eiji , ETO Kaoruko , NAKAYE Shoeji , NISHIMURA Shinsuke
Published: October 2024

Aeroacoustic noise of an axial fan is directly solved to understand its mechanism, using our in-house Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) solver. To make the LBM solver industrially successful, we must reduce calculation time while maintaining its accuracy. We adopt Volume Penalization method
for moving boundaries to achieve independent parallelism, and to utilize GPU (Graphical Processing Units) for parallel computation. In this study, we present a comparison between numerical and experimental results of an axial fan in a lined duct. The acoustic liner is designed to reduce 2nd
BPF noise, and the noise reduction of 9.8dB is observed in the experiment. With our LBM code, the noise reduction was reproduced within an accuracy of 2.5dB, and profound insights are provided through the detailed investigation of the numerical results.
Hygroscopic effects on sound absorption of multiscale bio-based porous materials
Authors: VENEGAS Rodolfo , PARRA Claudio C. , CUEVAS Vicente , ALARCóN Esteban , REBOLLEDO Juan
Published: October 2024

Hygroscopicity is the tendency of a material to absorb moisture from the surrounding environment. This work investigates hygroscopic effects on the sound absorption properties of multiscale bio-based materials. It is shown how moisture can significantly alter their acoustic performance
as well as how to recover their original dry-material performance by means of heat treatment, akin to thermal reactivation commonly used in the chemical engineering industry. The results of an experimental campaign, conducted over an extended period of time, is reported. Possible theoretical
explanations on the reduced acoustic performance of activated carbons by hygroscopic effects and the achieved improvement, obtained after heat treating the material, are also presented. The results of this work provide useful insights on the long-term acoustic behaviour of multiscale bio-based
materials for noise control applications.
Analysis, design & installation of vibration isolation for lightweight helipads: a case study
Authors: RODRIGUES Marina , MASOUMI Hamid , P.S. DIAS Ashwin , J. SADDIK Freddy
Published: October 2024

The heliport isolation aims to mitigate the transmission of helicopter-induced vibrations to the building structure during approach, landing, and take-off by introducing vibration isolators at the supports of the heliport structure. As a case study, this paper presents the design and
manufacturing steps for the installation of a vibration isolation solution for two lightweight helidecks installed on the rooftop of an existing medical center building. Design of a very high-performance isolation system for a lightweight helideck, requires a series of stability checks under
various load conditions. In practice, the primary challenge is to control the substantial differential deflection of the helideck, which is supported by relatively soft isolators, during approach and landing conditions. The solution delivered was a prefabricated spring box comprising essential
components such as failsafe and uplift restraints to deal with the challenging aspects of the isolation of lightweight helidecks. Certainly, a collaborative effort between the isolation solution provider and the helideck supplier facilitated a progressive design process aimed at meeting stringent
acoustic performance requirements and addressing the complex functionality of a lightweight helideck. The paper also discusses the challenges and best practices encountered during the production and installation of the system.
Tyre/road noise frequency spectra analyses based on CPX measurement with six microphones
Authors: HABLOVIčOVá Blanka , KřIVáNEK Vítězslav , MACHANEC Jan , MARKOVá Petra
Published: October 2024

Road traffic noise is affected by many factors, the road surface being one of them. The CPX method (ISO 11819-2) is the method used to measure tyre/road noise, i.e. noise generated by tyre-surface contact. Up to six microphones are positioned around reference tyre (ISO 11819-3) in specified
positions as the standard requires. Two microphones are mandatory; four are optional. Conventional stone mastic asphalt, low-noise pavement, exposed aggregate cement concrete and cobblestones were measured by the CPX method using six microphones at a velocity of 80 km/h. Tyre/road noise frequency
spectra from each microphone will be shown in this paper. Presented results should be used to discussion about positions or necessity of mandatory and optional microphones.
Measurement and rating of amplitude modulation in low frequency wind turbine noise
Authors: FAVILL Guy , LOWE Krispian
Published: October 2024

Amplitude modulation in wind turbine noise refers to the distinct periodic variation in amplitude which can be perceived more than a constant level. A method for rating amplitude modulation in wind turbine noise, intended for noise in 1/3 octave bands between 50 and 800 Hz, is described
in Final Report A Method for Rating Amplitude Modulation in Wind Turbine Noise 9 Aug 2016 Version 1, Institute of Acoustics IOA Noise Working Group (Wind Turbine Noise) Amplitude Modulation Working Group. This paper examines the measurement and rating of amplitude modulation in wind turbine
noise below 50 Hz, below the intended range of the method described in the Institute of Acoustics report. A tonal analysis as per ETSU-R-97 is also made, and the results compared.
Experimental study of the transmission of vibrations and noise of an hydrofoil excited by cavitation in a hydrodynamic tunnel
Authors: CARPENTIER JUSTINE , DENISET François , ASTOLFI Jacques-André
Published: October 2024

Ship propellers are responsible for radiated noise in the near and far environment. One of the main sources of noise from propellers is due to the cavitation phenomenon that occurs on each blade. This phenomenon produces strong pressure fluctuations, which in turn generate noise that
propagates in the ocean but also inside the boat. The strong wall pressure fluctuations excite the hull structure, which then transmits the noise inside the ship. The transmission is problematic for passenger ships and cruise liners, for whom silence is synonymous with quality. Efforts are
being made to improve sound absorption and insulation, but the phenomenon of noise transmission from propellers to the hull via strong pressure fluctuations is still poorly understood. The aim of the paper is to simplify the problem studying a hydrofoil excited by a controlled flow and subjected
to different states of cavitation. Vibration and acoustic measurements will be carried out to study the transmission of noise and vibration through the tunnel wall in order to be correlated to the different states of cavitation.
Implementation of an experimental set-up for insertion loss measurements of sonic crystal acoustic screens
Authors: ONRUBIA FONTANGORDO Lucas , CASTIñEIRA-IBáñEZ Sergio , BRAVO PLANA-SALA José María , SáNCHEZ-PéREZ Juan Vicente
Published: October 2024

The use of metamaterials for the implementation of noise control devices in the context of environmental acoustics is a topic that has gained more and more attention in recent years. The complex design of such devices and the difficulty of their construction in real-world applications
complicates the acquisition of experimental data related to their acoustical performance. Numerical simulation tools are used to simulate the behaviour of these novel noise control devices in their design phase and help to validate the designs by comparing them with experimental data. This
data, usually acquired under controlled conditions, holds significant importance in confirming the increasingly precise numerical models that have been developed over the years to simulate the behaviour of these physical systems. In this paper, an experimental set-up that enables acquisition
of acoustical performance data for a particular metamaterial-based noise control device, consisting of networks of isolated scatterers, is presented. This prototype possesses several distinctive characteristics that render it particularly interesting, including its adaptability, ease of use,
speed of obtaining results, and, particularly, its economic viability in relation to the tests that can be conducted in an anechoic chamber.
Predicting real indoor soundscapes based on auditory and non-auditory factors across different loudness ranges with linear and nonlinear models
Authors: VERSÜMER Siegbert , BLÄTTERMANN Patrick
Published: October 2024

Studies on the indoor sound environment have mainly focused on the impact of traffic, neighbor, or ventilation noise on health, annoyance, or sound quality. When conducting such studies in the laboratory, acoustic stimuli are often tailored to the research question, which presumably
do not reflect the variation in the acoustic environment at home. Thus, we re-analyzed soundscape data gathered by participants at their homes several times a day. Since the recorded soundscapes differed notably between participants (and their dwellings) in terms of loudness, we investigated
if cross-validated linear regression and Random Forest models predicting the soundscape dimensions based on four loudness quartile subsets achieve higher prediction performance compared to models using the full volume range. Our results, which are based on the explanation of the variance in
the targets, the correlation between the targets and acoustic and perceptual predictors, and the predictor importance, suggest the use of Random Forest models based on the entire loudness range. In our analysis of predictor importance, Pleasantness was understandably dominated by perceptual
measures, whereas Eventfulness was driven through acoustic and psychoacoustic predictors. Interestingly, all models based on quiet soundscapes behaved differently, which provides scope for investigating the underlying causes in future.
Data governance for soundscape studies
Authors: CHUNG Andy WL , TO Wai Ming , YEUNG Lavin Y.M.
Published: October 2024

Soundscape research involves a complex array of data types, as soundscapes are defined by how acoustic environments are perceived and experienced by individuals within specific contexts. These studies typically incorporate a variety of data, including acoustic measurements, psychometric
evaluations (both qualitative and quantitative), such as assessments of loudness and sharpness, as well as visual data (images and videos), assessments of crowd density (evaluating both the number of individuals and their activities), and geospatial and temporal data (detailing location specifics,
environmental conditions like temperature and humidity, and various times of day). The collection, analysis, and presentation of this data are crucial steps in the research process. This paper aims to describe the critical data governance issues and propose solutions for managing data in soundscape
studies.
Working towards more socially acceptable outcomes from airspace modernisation
Authors: HOOPER Paul , MONAGHAN Robin , PORTER Nicole , RAJé Fiona , KNOWLES Andy
Published: October 2024

The UK is currently undertaking a process of airspace modernisation, which has revealed potentially competing objectives for the management of aircraft noise impacts. Communities at some airports are concerned about the fairness of potential outcomes in terms of changes to the pattern
of aircraft noise exposure. This research draws upon in-depth community focus groups where the fairness and equity of different airspace change concepts for a fictitious departure route were discussed using a virtual airport scenario. These discussions revealed a preference of minimal change
compared to the existing patterns of noise exposure, where the use of a number above metric (N65) was particularly helpful in allowing participants to understand the implications of different airspace change options on the spatial distribution of noise on the ground. The paper demonstrates
how N65 data can be used to summarise the consequences of different airspace change options, supporting stakeholders in assessing the relative distributional fairness of each proposal. Such transparency around the consequences of airspace change proposals enhances informational fairness and
can help build trust in the procedural fairness of airspace decision-making leading to more socially acceptable outcomes (or the least socially unacceptable outcomes).
Evidence-based recommendation of threshold values for protection against adverse health effects of aircraft noise
Authors: KUHLMANN Julia , ROMERO STARKE Karla , SCHUBERT Melanie , SEIDLER Andreas , GUSKI Rainer , SCHRECKENBERG Dirk
Published: October 2024

For communities around airports, the German Aircraft Noise Protection Act (FluLaermG) defines two noise protection zones (NPZ) for the daytime (6am - 10pm) and one for the night-time (10pm - 6am). Threshold values of aircraft noise exposure demarcate these zones. For residential properties
within the NPZ, the FluLaermG regulates building restrictions and the eligibility for reimbursement of noise insulation, which, regarding the daytime, are stricter for NPZ day 1 than for NPZ day 2. On behalf of the Aircraft Noise Commission, Frankfurt, an expert opinion was prepared to evaluate
the threshold values for airport regions in the FluLaermG from the perspective of noise effect research. For this, a threshold value system (TVS) for demarcation of the protection zones was developed based on results of a systematic literature review on health effects of aircraft noise. This
contribution provides an overview of key results of the review underlying the TVS and outlines the rationale for the system. The proposed compelling threshold values for avoiding unacceptable health effects of aircraft noise for civil airport regions are 56 dB LAeq,day (NPZ day 1), 51 dB LAeq,day
(NPZ day 2), and 44 dB LAeq,night (NPZ night).
Inverse design of acoustic metamaterial-based vibration control for offshore wind turbines
Authors: MACHADO Marcela , DUTKIEWICZ Maciej , CAMPOS DOS SANTOS José Maria
Published: October 2024

This paper presents an inverse design approach for mechanical metamaterial turbines utilising a deep learning algorithm. We first establish a theoretical model for metamaterial turbines using the spectral element method to analyse their vibration characteristics. Subsequently, we predict
the vibration transmission properties of these turbines and achieve on-demand inverse design of metastructures through a fully connected deep-learning neural network model. The efficacy of the forward prediction and reverse design network models is validated using an inverse neural network.
Our results demonstrate a strong agreement between the predicted and target values, affirming the feasibility of employing deep learning for on-demand meta-turbine design. This intelligent design approach holds promise for expediting and enhancing the design of metamaterials tailored for low-frequency
vibration isolation in engineering structures.
Umbrella+ review on interventions to reduce risks and impacts on health of children and adolescents in Europe from environmental noise
Authors: JIANG Xing , ENGELMANN Nicole , VIENNEAU Danielle , RööSLI Martin
Published: October 2024

The health burden from environmental noise underscores the need for interventions to reduce exposure and protect children and adolescents. This Umbrella+ review aims to present the latest knowledge on interventions minimizing the health impacts of environmental noise in this demographic.
Initially, we conducted a scoping review anchored in the WHO's systematic review on transportation noise interventions and their impacts on health. The subsequent Umbrella+ review prioritizes recent high-quality systematic reviews and includes new, high-quality original studies from Europe
published after 2014 to complement identified reviews. Study eligibility follows a PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, and Study) approach, focusing on interventions targeting children and adolescents up to age 18. We also consider broader population interventions and their
potential effects on children. We consider intervention studies addressing noise exposure from road, rail, and aircraft. Potential health outcomes identified from the scoping process include changes in noise exposure and health outcomes, such as annoyance, sleep disturbance, cardiovascular
disease, cognitive development, and birth outcomes. This Umbrella+ review is poised to contribute to the 2024 European Topic Centre on Human Health and the Environment report, offering insights to guide action plans, policies, and legislation related to noise intervention for the health of
children and adolescents.
Acoustical characterization and modelling of the effects of eco-friendly flame retardant treatments on hemp fiber stacks
Authors: SCHATZMAYR WELP SA Thomas , MARCEAU Sandrine , PIéGAY Clément , GLé Philippe , LAOUTID Fouad , SEGOVIA César , GOURLAY Etienne , GOURDON Emmanuel
Published: October 2024

Vegetal wools are a bio-based insulator which building applications are limited due to their flammability. To overcome this problem while respecting their bio-based nature, it seems relevant to identify and apply an environmentally friendly fireproof treatment. However, the impact of
this treatment on the acoustic performance of the vegetal wools is not examined in the literature. The objective of this work is to evaluate the efficacy of two phosphorus-based fireproof treatment methods i.e., impregnation and pulverization, and their impact on the acoustic properties of
hemp fiber stacks. To assess the efficacy of the fireproof treatment, the amount of phosphorus grafted and the thermal degradation of the hemp fibers were evaluated through inductive coupled plasma (ICP) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. On the acoustic side, the impedance
tube test results showed that the treatment can negatively impact the acoustic performance of hemp fiber samples, by the reduction of the sound absorption coefficient. To better understand the effects of treatments on the porous structure characteristics of the samples, parameters such as
porosity, resistivity, tortuosity, etc. are determined and the acoustic absorption of the stacks is simulated using the JCAL modelling method.
Development of automatic audio panning system for immersive sound through stage size-aware model and object-tracking
Authors: LEE Kangeun , KIM Sungyoung
Published: October 2024

We investigated a novel AI-assisted automated 'immersive' audio panning system designed to track audio-related objects within a video clip. This system comprises four sequential steps: Object-Tracking, Stage dimension Estimation, XY-Coordinate Calculation, and Object Audio Rendering.
The system is designed to overcome existing challenges arising from the rapid and frequent movement of target objects by employing a pre-trained object-tracking model and integrating depth information to ensure stability in subsequent tasks. Additionally, we introduce a stage size-aware model
to extrapolate stage dimension using our manually collected dataset, formatted as (Image, Width, Depth), which facilitates model training. Consequently, the system calculates XY-Coordinate pairs, serving as panning values for conventional audio mixers or decoders to enable immersive audio
reproduction. We anticipate that this video- and space-aware automatic panning system will be valuable for the rapid production of new media.
How SATURN is studying the impact of ship noise on the behaviour, health, energetics, and populations of aquatic organisms
Authors: SCHNITZLER Joseph G. , AGUILAR DE SOTO Natacha , ANDRé Michel , VAN BENDA-BECKMANN Sander , CARO Pablo P. , FINDLAY Charlotte R. , FRANKISH Caitlin K. , JOHNSON Mark , DE JONG Christ , MADSEN Peter T. , MARIN Olivia , NABE-NIELSEN Jacob , NACHTSHEIM Dominik A. , ROJANO-DOñATE Laia , RUBIO Carla , SLABBEKOORN Hans , SOLé Marta , TEILMAN Jonas , TOUGAARD Jakob , TE VELDE Kees , SIEBERT Ursula
Published: October 2024

The EU-funded SATURN project contributes to improve our understanding of the effects of ship noise on aquatic animals through several studies. Assessing the effects of underwater noise on aquatic animals is complex due to the diversity of taxa involved, each with their own sound sensitivity
in terms of spectral and temporal aspects, as well as behavioural and physiological sensitivity to acoustic disturbances. To conduct exposure experiments on fish and invertebrates that are sensitive to the particle motion component of sound, we have developed innovative laboratory setups.
Invertebrates are studied in an AQUAVIB exposure chamber, while migratory fish species are studied in a MIGRADOME swimming tunnel. The project also focuses on three marine mammal species: porpoises, pilot whales, and harbour seals. These species provide broad biological coverage of acoustic
specialisations and relevant European habitats. Field data were collected using tags deployed on wild animals and dose-response relationships of marine mammal behaviour and energetics were established as a function of real-world exposure to ship noise. The effects on porpoise population are
assessed using the updated DEPONS model. The results of SATURN will be transferred to stakeholders to inform management actions for the mitigation of the effects of acoustic pollution in marine habitats.