bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Faut-il complémenter les vaches laitières au pâturage ?
Authors: DELABY L. , PEYRAUD J.L. , DELAGARDE R.
Published: June 2020

L’herbe pâturée est un fourrage de valeur nutritive élevée, peu coûteux à produire et à récolter et qui peut constituer le seul aliment de la ration de la vache laitière. En l’absence de toute complémentation, la production et la composition du lait d’une vache laitière au pâturage dépend d’abord de l’animal et de son potentiel au moment de la mise à l’herbe. Mais les conditions de pâturage (chargement, hauteur en début et fin de parcelle) imposées par l’éleveur pour valoriser au mieux l’herbe produite ne permettent pas aux vaches laitières de satisfaire la totalité de leurs besoins énergétiques. En conséquence, l’apport de concentré est aujourd’hui plus efficace que par le passé et des réponses de 1 kg de lait par kg de concentré, accompagnées d’une baisse du taux butyreux et d’une augmentation du taux protéique, sont souvent rapportées. Les travaux récents conduits à l’INRA montrent que cette efficacité varie peu dans les conditions habituelles de pâturage. De même, dans le cas d’apport identique de concentré entre vaches, l’efficacité semble indépendante du niveau de production entre 25 et 45 kg de lait par jour à la mise à l’herbe. Ces résultats permettent de proposer des simplifications dans les modalités d’attribution du concentré au pâturage. Comme en alimentation hivernale, la nature de l’énergie du concentré n’a réellement d’influence sur la composition du lait (taux butyreux) que pour des quantités élevées, supérieures à 5 kg de concentré. L’incorporation de matières premières riches en protéines, même protégées, ne se justifie que dans le cas d’herbe pâturée pauvre en azote. L’apport de fourrages complémentaires au pâturage présente peu d’intérêt et, dans la pratique, contribue souvent à une dégradation des conditions de pâturage. Seules les situations de pénurie fourragère ou de chargement très élevé permettent de bien valoriser à la fois l’herbe pâturée et les fourrages conservés distribués en complément.
Estimation de la valeur énergétique des aliments pour le porc
Authors: NOBLET J. , BONTEMS V. , TRAN G.
Published: June 2020

Cet article présente la démarche adoptée pour le calcul des données de valeur énergétique, pour le porc, des matières premières (n = 120) des Tables publiées par l’INRA et l’AFZ en 2002. Elle propose également des méthodes simplifiées pour le calcul des valeurs énergétiques de produits dont la composition chimique diffère de celle rapportée dans les Tables. Les résultats sont basés sur la compilation des données de la bibliographie et l’utilisation des connaissances les plus récentes en termes de concepts. Six valeurs énergétiques résultant de la combinaison de trois modes d’expression (ED, EM ou EN) et de deux stades physiologiques (porc en croissance et truie adulte) sont proposées. Les effets de facteurs de variation de la valeur énergétique tels que la technologie (granulation, broyage …) ou le niveau d’alimentation sont également abordés, mais les données disponibles dans la bibliographie ne permettaient pas de les prendre en compte, du moins de façon systématique.
(only in French) Pratiques d’élevage, microflore du lait et qualités des produits laitiers
Authors: MONTEL M.C. , BEUVIER E. , HAUWUY A.
Published: June 2020

Les consommateurs sont de plus en plus attentifs aux qualités sanitaire et sensorielle des produits laitiers et des fromages en particulier. Ces qualités dépendent en grande partie de la composition et de la vie des communautés microbiennes, en perpétuelle évolution lors de la fabrication et de l'affinage des fromages. Elles doivent maintenant être réfléchies dans le cadre de plus en plus strict de la législation européenne en matière de normes microbiologiques. Le contrôle de ces communautés microbiennes, pour favoriser les flores utiles et inhiber les flores pathogènes, est donc un des facteurs-clés de la maîtrise de la qualité des fromages. Il est particulièrement complexe car la vie de ces communautés résulte toujours d'interactions -synergie, antagonisme, compétition- entre les microorganismes, répondant à des changements environnementaux (combinaison de stress divers pH, sel, acides) et interagissant avec les structures physiques (répartition, attachement) et les constituants biochimiques du lait puis du fromage. La maîtrise de la communauté microbienne débute dès l’élevage, d'une part parce qu'une partie d’entre elle est présente dans le lait de fabrication et, d'autre part, parce que la composition biochimique de la matière première lait, qui dépend des conditions d’élevage des animaux, va influencer la vie des populations microbiennes. Elle doit être effective tout au long de la fabrication et de l'affinage. Voir la suite de l'article à l'adresse suivante :https://www6.inrae.fr/productions-animales_eng/content/download/3822/39529/version/1/file/Prod_Anim_2003_16_4_06.pdf
(only in French) Conditions de production du lait et qualités sensorielles des fromages
Authors: MARTIN B. , BUCHIN S. , HURTAUD C.
Published: June 2020

La qualité sensorielle des fromages dépend d’un grand nombre de facteurs, liés à la fois à la technologie de fabrication et aux caractéristiques chimiques et microbiologiques de la matière première mise en œuvre. Ces dernières dépendent elles-mêmes de nombreux facteurs d’amont (d’origine génétique, physiologique, alimentaire ...). Ces facteurs d’amont sont de plus en plus pris en compte par les consommateurs qui s’interrogent en particulier sur l’alimentation offerte aux animaux. Ils revêtent une importance toute particulière dans le cas des produits marqués (Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée, Indication Géographique Protégée, labels…) pour lesquels les modifications de la matière première au moment de sa transformation sont limitées, voire interdites et qui revendiquent un lien fort avec les conditions de production du lait, dont certaines sont à la base de la notion de terroir (Grappin et Coulon 1996). Dans le domaine des productions fromagères, les relations entre ces conditions de production (alimentation et type d’animal en particulier) et les caractéristiques des fromages sont souvent mises en avant par les fromagers, sur la base d’observations empiriques. Jusqu’à récemment il n’existait cependant que peu de travaux expérimentaux sur le sujet, en raison, entre autres, de la difficulté de séparer correctement les effets propres de ces facteurs d’amont de ceux qui sont liés à la transformation fromagère proprement dite. Depuis quelques années, plusieurs études spécifiques ont été mises en œuvre pour préciser ces liaisons. Elles ont été permises par le développement des méthodes d’analyse des caractéristiques sensorielles des fromages et par la maîtrise ou le contrôle des paramètres technologiques de fabrication fromagère. Voir la suite de l'article à l'adresse suivante : https://www6.inrae.fr/productions-animales_eng/content/download/3823/39532/version/1/file/Prod_Anim_2003_16_4_07.pdf
A Brief Review of Materials and Designs for Homemade Masks to Protect Against COVID-19
Authors: Strong-Wright Jago
Published: June 2020

It is highly likely that the wearing of face masks reduces the rate of respiratory infections (e.g. SARS-CoV-2), to protect both the user and those around them. This paper sets out to review the areas that effect the efficacy of masks, the materials, design, hygiene and fit testing, in order to make recommendations as to how to make mask from resources found in most homes for when commercial models are unavailable. This paper finds that a mask constructed with a filter made from high thread count cotton is likely to provide a reasonable level of protection (~70% filtration) and that if a layers of other materials such as chiffon or silk is added the filtration may be much higher (~90%). There is also some promise in less available materials such as vacuum cleaner bags and air conditioner filters. Examples of fabric and rigid designs are reviewed but most are limited by the fit to the users which is hard to determine in a home setting. It would be extremely helpful if a method was devised for people to test or be tested for the fit of home made masks. In the mean time careful thought should be given to whether the user judges a good fit. Users should also be careful to practice other means of hygiene and distancing.
A Brief Perspective on Acacia a Member of Family Leguminosae
Authors: Chauhan Jyoti , Saini Ishan , Singh Tarun , Kaushik Prashant
Published: June 2020

Tree members of the genus Acacia have benefits that are obvious for enhancing soil fertility in farming, forestry and agroforestry in regions with nutrient-poor soils, and for restoring degraded ecosystems and lands. Nevertheless, the species of the genus Acacia have got the potential to bring about significant adverse impacts on biodiversity or ecosystem functioning when it gets invasive. The ecology of the species in nearly all areas of its created range remains poorly understood. Here we have compiled the information regarding the importance, cultivation and the production of important species of genus Acacia. We hope this information will be useful to get awareness about the crucial trees in the genus Acacia.
Chave de identificação dos peixes de riachos da Serra do Japi (Apas Jundiaí-Cabreúva/SP)
Authors: YOSHIDA Claudia Eiko , ROLLA Ana Paula Pozzo Rios , UIEDA Virginia Sanches , ESTEVES Katharina Eichbaum
Published: June 2020

Cerca de 70% das espécies de peixes listadas como ameaçadas no Livro Vermelho da Fauna Brasileira não apresentam registros dentro de unidades de conservação (UCs). Informações que contribuam para a identificação e com aspectos da ecologia das espécies são essenciais para a manutenção do patrimônio natural, subsidiando tanto a gestão quanto a fiscalização destas áreas. Para tanto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi compilar informações existentes na literatura sobre a ictiofauna de riachos da UC Serra do Japi e elaborar uma chave de identificação das espécies de peixes da região. A chave foi montada a partir das características de 31 espécies da bacia do Alto Rio Paraná, incluindo espécies endêmicas de riachos de cabeceira, bem como três espécies ameaçadas de extinção no Estado de São Paulo - Characidium oiticicai, Pareiorhina cf. rudolphi e Pseudocorynopoma heterandria.
Ictiofauna acompanhante da pesca de arrasto para embarcações acima de 45 hp no litoral do Paraná, Brasil
Authors: SANTOS Lilyane De Oliveira , CATTANI André Pereira , SPACH Henry Louis
Published: June 2020

A pesca de arrasto de camarões é considerada muito impactante aos sistemas bentônicos por ser pouco seletiva. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar a ictiofauna acompanhante da pesca de arrasto das embarcações com potência acima de 45 HP. Foram realizadas amostragens mensais, entre agosto de 2000 e julho de 2001 para barco e agosto de 2004 e julho de 2005 para bote no litoral do Paraná. Foram capturados, com barco e bote, 45.277 e 57.387 peixes, respectivamente. Com ambas embarcações foram capturaram 99 táxons. A família Sciaenidae foi a mais representativa em número de espécies e indivíduos. Houve diferenças na ictiofauna entre as estações do ano e entre as áreas ao sul e ao norte da desembocadura do Complexo Estuarino de Paranaguá tanto para barco como para bote. As diferentes frotas atuam sobre o mesmo recurso, mas incidem de maneira distinta com relação à riqueza de espécies e abundância ictiofauna acompanhante e medidas de gestão, como a implementação de dispositivos de redução da captura acidental, devem levar em consideração as características não somente da embarcação mas também do petrecho de pesca utilizado.
Seleção de fêmeas de pacu para indução hormonal: efeito da idade e dos métodos de avaliação
Authors: SCHORER Marianne , MOREIRA Renata Guimarães , BATLOUNI Sergio Ricardo
Published: June 2020

Neste estudo, investigamos o ciclo reprodutivo e a época de desova de fêmeas “velhas” (FVs) e fêmeas “jovens” (FJs) de P. mesopotamicus, visando melhorar o processo de seleção de peixes para a indução hormonal. Avaliamos também a acurácia do uso de características corporais externas para a seleção de fêmeas para indução hormonal. Para isso, 60 FVs e 60 FJs (10 e quatro anos, respectivamente) foram submetidas a sete amostragens durante dois ciclos reprodutivos. Em cada amostra, as fêmeas (cinco a 10 por tratamento) foram capturadas para avaliação das concentrações plasmáticas de esteroides gonadais e composição dos ovários (biópsias e estereologia). As fêmeas foram também submetidas à uma avaliação externa relativa à espessura abdominal, o grau de rigidez abdominal e o aspecto da papila urogenital. Exceto pela ocorrência de concentrações reduzidas de 17α-hidroxiprogesterona nas FVs, durante a época de desova, observamos que FVs e FJs , mantidas em cativeiro, apresentam ciclos reprodutivos e épocas de desova similares (em dezembro para ambos os grupos). Não recomendamos o uso exclusivo da avaliação externa para a seleção de reprodutores para indução a desova, devido a uma imprecisão dos dados e falta de associação destes com a histologia e biópsia de ovário, os quais são mais precisos e confiáveis.
Aspectos reprodutivos de mexilhões (Bivalvia, Mollusca) no complexo estuarino de Paranaguá, Paraná, Brasil
Authors: CHRISTO Susete Wambier , FERREIRA-JUNIOR Augusto Luiz , ABSHER Theresinha Monteiro
Published: June 2020

Este trabalho teve como finalidade estudar o período reprodutivo dos mariscos (Mytella guyanensis e Mytella charruana) no Complexo Estuarino de Paranaguá (CEP). Foram coletados mensalmente 30 indivíduos adultos de cada espécie durante agosto de 1999 a julho de 2000. Os indivíduos foram mensurados, pesados e abertos mecanicamente pela secção dos músculos adutores. Posteriormente foram identificados o sexo e o estágio reprodutivo e calculados os índices de condição (IC) e o rendimento da carne (R). Os dados do IC indicaram média de 13,25 % (± 6,95) para M. guyanensis e de 17,65 % (± 12,11) para M. charruana. Para o R, observou-se média de 43,68 % (± 10,15) para M. guyanensis e de 51, 22 % 28 (± 8,64) para M. charruana. Os estudos da reprodução permitem concluir que a eliminação de gametas ocorre parcialmente para as duas espécies, com dois períodos mais elevados de desova no ano.
INFLUí­Å NCIA DO GRADIENTE ESPACIAL SOBRE A ESTRURURA DA ICTIOFAUNA EM UM RESERVATÓRIO SUBTROPICAL í ALTO RIO URUGUAI
Authors: SCHORK Gianfrancisco , ZANIBONI-FILHO Evoy
Published: June 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência dos diferentes ambientes formados na área de influência de um reservatório í  lêntico, transição e lótico í  sobre a composição e estrutura da ictiofauna. Para isto, foram realizadas coletas com periodicidade sazonal no reservatório de Itá, Alto Rio Uruguai, no perí­­odo compreendido entre 2001 e 2010. Os resultados demonstraram que o gradiente espacial desempenha importante papel para determinar a estrutura da assembleia í­­ctica. O trecho lótico foi o local com os maiores valores de CPUE, tanto em número como em biomassa. Além disso, espécies presentes antes do barramento e com dependência de certas condições originalmente encontradas no ambiente fluvial conseguiram manter suas representatividades neste ambiente. Nestes trechos, as capturas de peixes considerados grandes migradores foram coincidentes com seus perí­­odos reprodutivos. O trecho também foi caracterizado por uma maior instabilidade, com capturas que não responderam de forma clara a padrões sazonais. O trecho de transição apresentou a segunda maior produtividade e compartilhou espécies com os dois trechos djacentes, porém, teve maior similaridade com a zona lêntica. Nas zonas lênticas e de transição as espécies oportunistas se fizeram mais presentes. Para estes dois trechos, pôde-se associar as variações nas capturas a padrões sazonais.
Detection of genes mutations in cerebrospinal fluid circulating tumor DNA from neoplastic meningitis patients using next generation sequencing
Authors: Zhao Yue , He JunYing , Cui JunZhao , Meng Zi-Qi , Zou YueLi , Guo XiaoSu , Chen Xin , Wang Xueliang , Yan Li-Tian , Han WeiXin , Li Chunyan , Guo Li , Bu Hui
Published: June 2020

Background: This study profiled the somatic gene mutations and the copy number variations (CNVs) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from patients with neoplastic meningitis (NM). Methods: A total of 62 CSF ctDNA samples were collected from 58 NM patients for the next generation sequencing. The data were bioinformatically analyzed by (Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery) DAVID software. Results: The most common mutated gene was TP53 (54/62; 87.10%), followed by EGFR (44/62; 70.97%), PTEN (39/62; 62.90%), CDKN2A (32/62; 51.61%), APC (27/62: 43.55%), TET2 (27/62; 43.55%), GNAQ (18/62; 29.03%), NOTCH1 (17/62; 27.42%), VHL (17/62; 27.42%), FLT3 (16/62; 25.81%), PTCH1 (15/62; 24.19%), BRCA2 (13/62; 20.97%), KDR (10/62; 16.13%), KIT (9/62; 14.52%), MLH1 (9/62; 14.52%), ATM (8/62; 12.90%), CBL (8/62; 12.90%), and DNMT3A (7/62; 11.29%). The mutated genes were enriched in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway by the KEGG pathway analysis. Furthermore, the CNVs of these genes were also identified in these 62 samples. The mutated genes in CSF samples receiving intrathecal chemotherapy and systemic therapy were enriched in the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Conclusions: This study identified gene mutations in all CSF ctDNA samples, indicating that these mutated genes may be acted as a kind of biomarker for diagnosis of NM, and these mutated genes may affect meningeal metastasis through PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.
Fruit and vegetable consumption is associated with lower prevalence of asymptomatic diverticulosis: a cross-sectional colonoscopy-based study
Authors: Maxner Ben , McGoldrick Jessica , Bellavance Danielle , Liu Po-Hong , Xavier Ramnik J , Yarze Joseph C , Ricciardi Rocco , Staller Kyle , Chung Daniel C , Khalili Hamed
Published: June 2020

Background: Previous studies of the relationship between dietary factors and risk of diverticulosis have yielded inconsistent results. We therefore sought to investigate the association between consumption of fruit and vegetables and prevalent diverticulosis. Methods: Our study population included participants in the Gastrointestinal Disease and Endoscopy Registry (GIDER), a colonoscopy-based longitudinal cohort at the Massachusetts General Hospital, who provided comprehensive information on dietary intake and lifestyle factors using validated questionnaires prior to colonoscopy. Information on presence and location of diverticula was obtained from the endoscopist at the end of each procedure. We used Poisson regression modeling to calculate the prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: Among 549 participants with a mean age of 61 years enrolled in GIDER, we confirmed diverticulosis in 245 (44.6%). The prevalence of diverticulosis appeared to decrease with higher consumption of fruit and vegetables (P trend =0.007 for fruit and 0.008 for vegetables, respectively). Compared to participants with less than five servings of vegetables per week, the multivariable-adjusted PRs of diverticulosis were 0.84 (95% CI, 0.60-1.17) with five to seven servings per week and 0.62 (95% CI, 0.44-0.89) with greater than one serving per day. Similarly, compared to participants with less than five servings per week of fruit, the multivariable-adjusted PR of diverticulosis was 0.60 (95% CI, 0.41-0.87) with greater than one serving per day. These associations were not modified by age, BMI, smoking, or red meat intake (All P interaction >0.055). Conclusion: In a colonoscopy-based longitudinal cohort study, we show that higher consumption of fruit and vegetables is associated with lower risk of prevalent diverticulosis. Key Words : Diverticulosis, Diet, Fruit and Vegetables, and Epidemiology
Non-immune-mediated versus immune-mediated type 1 diabetes diagnosis and long-term differences. Retrospective analysis.
Authors: Catarino Diana , Silva Diana , Guiomar Joana , Ribeiro Cristina , Ruas Luísa , Cardoso Luís , Paiva Isabel
Published: June 2020

Background The American Diabetes Association proposed two subcategories for type 1 diabetes mellitus : type 1A or immune-mediated diabetes (IDM) and type 1B or idiopathic diabetes. The absence of β-cell autoimmune markers, permanent insulinopenia and prone to ketoacidosis define the second category, whose pathogenesis remains unclear. Only a minority of patients fall into this category, also designated non-immune-mediated (NIDM), which is considered by several authors similar to type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study is to evaluate differences at the diagnosis and ten years later of two categories. Methods Retrospective cohort study of patients with β-cell autoimmune markers performed at diagnosis and undetectable c-peptide. Were excluded patients with suspicion of another specific type of diabetes. We obtained two groups: IDM (≥ 1 positive antibody) and NIDM (negative antibodies). Age, family history, anthropometry, duration of symptoms, clinical presentation, blood glucose at admission, A1C, lipid profile, arterial hypertension, total diary dose of insulin (TDDI), microvascular and macrovascular complications were evaluated. Results were considered statistically significant with p<0.05. Results 37 patients, 29 with IDM and 8 patients with NIDM. The age of diagnosis of IDM group (23 years) was significantly different (p=0.004) from the NIDM group (38.1). The body mass index (BMI) at the diagnosis did not differ significantly (p=0.435). The duration of symptoms was longer in the NIDM (p=0.003). The disease presentation (p=0.744), blood glucose (p=0.482) and HbA1C (p=0.794) at admission and TDID at discharge (p=0.301) did not differ significantly. Total and LDL cholesterol levels were higher in NIDM group but did not differ significantly (p=0.585 and p=0.579, respectively). After ten years BMI did not differ between groups(p=0.079). Patients with IDM showed a significantly higher HbA1C (p=0,008) and TDID (p=0.017). Relative to the lipid profile, there was no significant difference, however the LDL cholesterol and triglycerides were higher on the NIDM group, as the percentage of hypertension. Microvascular complications were higher in the IDM group, but no significant difference was found. Conclusion Patients with IDM had a poor metabolic control and higher insulin requirement. Patients with NIDM were older and showed higher cardiovascular risk, resembling a clinical phenotype of type 2 diabetes.
MSF experiences of providing multidisciplinary primary level NCD care for Syrian refugees and the host population in Jordan: an implementation study guided by the RE-AIM framework
Authors: Ansbro Éimhín , Homan Tobias , Quasim Jamil , Bil Karla , Tarawneh Mohammed Rasoul , Roberts Bayard , Perel Pablo , Jobanputra Kiran
Published: June 2020

Background: In response to the rising global NCD burden, humanitarian actors have rapidly scaled-up NCD services in crisis-affected low-and-middle income countries. Using the RE-AIM implementation framework, we evaluated a multidisciplinary, primary-level model of NCD care for Syrian refugees and vulnerable Jordanians in Irbid, Jordan. We examined the programme’s Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption and acceptance; Implementation and Maintenance over time.Methods: This mixed methods, retrospective evaluation, undertaken in 2017, comprised secondary analysis of pre-existing cross-sectional household survey data; analysis of routine cohort data from December 2014 - December 2017; descriptive costing analysis of total annual, per-patient and per-consultation costs for 2015-2017 from the provider-perspective; clinical audit; medication adherence survey of 300 patients; and qualitative research involving thematic analysis of individual interviews and focus group discussions. Results: The programme enrolled 23% of Syrian adult refugees with NCDs in Irbid governorate. The cohort mean age was 54.7 years; 71% had multi-morbidity and 9.9% self-reported a disability. The programme was acceptable to patients, staff and stakeholders. Blood pressure and glycaemic control improved as the programme matured and by 7 mmHg and 26 mg/dL respectively within six months of patient enrolment. Total costs increased in parallel with increased service complexity from INT$ 4,206,481 in 2015 to 6,739,438 in 2017. Staff reported that clinical guidelines were usable and patients’ self-reported medication adherence was high. Individual and organisational challenges to programme implementation and maintenance included the impact of war and the refugee experience on Syrian refugees’ ability to engage; inadequate low-cost referral options; and challenges of operating in a regulated, middle-income country. Essential programme adaptations included refinement of health education, development of mental health and psychosocial services and addition of essential referral pathways, home visit, physiotherapy and social worker services.Conclusion: RE-AIM proved a valuable tool in evaluating a complex intervention in a protracted humanitarian crisis setting. This multidisciplinary programme was highly acceptable. It achieved good clinical outcomes but for a limited number of patients and at relatively high cost. We propose that model simplification, adapted procurement practices and use of technology could improve cost effectiveness without reducing acceptability, and may facilitate replication.
Descriptive epidemiology of objectively-measured, free-living sleep parameters in a rural African setting.
Authors: Cook Ian , Mohlabe Matlawa , Alberts Marianne
Published: June 2020

Objectives: To investigate the descriptive nature of objectively-measured, free-living sleep quantity and quality, and the relationship to adiposity, in a rural African setting in 145 adults (≥40 years, female: n=104, male: n=41). Wrist-mounted, triaxial accelerometry data was collected over nine days. Measures of sleep quantity and quality, and physical activity were extracted from valid minute-by-minute data. Adiposity indices were body-mass-index, waist circumference and conicity index. Self-reported data included behavioural, health and socio-demographic variables. Community consultation followed the quantitative data analyses, for validation and interpretation of findings. Results: Females had more nocturnal sleep than males (7.2 vs. 6.8 hours/night, p=0.0464) while males recorded more diurnal sleep time (p=0.0290). Wake after sleep onset and number of awakenings were higher in females, and sleep efficiency was higher in males (p≤0.0225). Sleep indices were generally similar between weekdays and weekends, except for sleep fragmentation index (p=0.0458). Sleep quantity, but not sleep quality was independently and inversely associated with adiposity (p=0.0453). Physical activity and morbidity measures were significantly and consistently associated with sleep and adiposity measures (p<0.0458). The preliminary qualitative data suggests that future studies should include more detailed data around contextual issues of sleep (social, cultural, economic, environment).
Prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with spinal metastasis secondary to prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gao Zhong-yu , Zhang Tao , Zhang Hui , Pang Cheng-gang , Jiang Wen-xue
Published: June 2020

Background: To guide the selection of treatments for spinal metastases, the expected survival time is one of the most important determinants. Few scoring systems are fully applicable for spinal metastasis secondary to prostate cancer (PCa). This study aimed to identify the independent factors to predict the overall survival (OS) of patients with spinal metastases from PCa.Methods: The PubMed, Embase and CENTRAL were retrieved by two reviewers independently, to identify studies analyzed the prognostic effect of different factors in spinal metastasis from PCa. A systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis was conducted with hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) as the effect size.Results: A total of 12 retrospective cohort studies (1566 patients) were eligible for qualitative synthesis and 10 for quantitative meta-analyses. The OS was significantly influenced by performance status, visceral metastasis, ambulatory status and time from PCa diagnosis in more than half of the available studies. The meta-analyses demonstrated that OS was significantly influenced by visceral metastasis (HR=2.24, 95%CI:1.53-3.27, p<0.001), pre-treatment ambulatory status (HR=2.64, 95%CI:1.82-3.83, p<0.001), KPS (HR=4.45, 95%CI:2.01-9.85, p<0.001), ECOG (HR=2.96, 95%CI:2.02-4.35, p<0.001), extraspinal bone metastasis (HR=2.04, 95%CI:1.13-3.68, p=0.018), time developing motor deficit (HR=1.57, 95%CI:1.30-1.88, p<0.001) and time from PCa diagnosis (HR=1.37, 95%CI:1.17-1.59, p<0.001).Conclusions: Visceral metastasis, ambulatory status, extraspinal bone metastasis, performance status, time developing motor deficit and time interval from primary tumor diagnosis were significantly associated with the OS for spinal metastasis from PCa. When selecting the treatment modality, clinicians should fully consider the patients’ systematic status based on all potential prognostic factors.Level of Evidence: Ⅰ Meta-analysis
Effectiveness of a Psychoeducation Intervention by Midwiveson childbirth fear and childbirth self-efficacy in fearful first time pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Firouzan Laya , Kharaghani Roghieh , Zenoozian Saeedeh , Moloodi Reza , Jafari Elham
Published: June 2020

Background: Studies showed that childbirth fear is a prevalent problem among Iranian women and most women prefer caesarean section. However, there is no published study that explore effectiveness of psychoeducational intervention on childbirth fear among Iranian women. Thus, present study investigated the effectiveness of a psychoeducation intervention by midwives (Birth Emotions- Looking to Improve Expectant Fear (BELIEF)) in decreasing childbirth fear and increasing childbirth self-efficacy among fearful first pregnant women.Methods: One-hundred-seventy-one pregnant women who referred to six governmental antenatal clinics of healthcare centers of Zanjan city screened to participate in the study. Among them, 80 women who got score ≥ 66 on the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire were recruited. They were randomly assigned into two groups: intervention (n = 40) and control group (n = 40). The intervention group received two face-to-face counseling sessions in the 24th week and 34th week of pregnancy. Between this two counseling sessions, intervention group women had 8 weekly telephone counseling sessions. The control group only received the prenatal routine care. The outcome measures were childbirth fear, childbirth self-efficacy, and childbirth preference. Results: At the post-test, the intervention group showed significantly higher reduction in childbirth fear and higher increase in childbirth self-efficacy compared to the control group. Also, at post-test more women in the intervention group reported that they preferred normal vaginal birth than women in the control group.Conclusions: The BELIEF protocol could be effective approach to improve childbirth fear and childbirth self-efficacy in fearful first pregnant women. Trial registration number: IRCT20101219005417N3, Date of Registration: 2018-12-19.
Estimation of Bulk Permittivity of the Moon’s Surface Using Lunar Radar Sounder On-board Selenological and Engineering Explorer
Authors: Hongo Keigo , Toh Hiroaki , Kumamoto Atsushi
Published: June 2020

Site-dependent bulk permittivities of the lunar uppermost media with thicknesses of tens to hundreds meters were estimated based on the data from Lunar Radar Sounder onboard the Selenological and Engineering Explorer (SELENE). It succeeded in sounding almost all over the Moon’s surface in a frequency range around 5 MHz to detect subsurface reflectors beneath several lunar maria. However, it is necessary to estimate the permittivity of the surface regolith of the Moon in order to determine the actual depths to those reflectors instead of apparent depths assuming a speed of light in the vacuum. In this study, we determined site-dependent bulk permittivities by two-layer models consisting of a surface regolith layer over a half-space with uniform but different physical properties from the layer above. Those models consider the electrical conductivity as well as the permittivity, whose trade-off was resolved by utilizing the correlation between iron-titanium content and measured physical properties of lunar rock samples. Distribution of the iron-titanium content on the Moon’s surface had already been derived by spectroscopic observation from SELENE as well.

Four lunar maria, Mare Serenitatis, Oceanus Procellarum, Mare Imbrium, and Mare Crisium, were selected as regions of evident reflectors, where we estimated the following four physical properties of each layer, i.e., bulk permittivity, porosity, loss tangent and electrical conductivity to conclude the actual depths of the reflectors are approximately 200m on average. The bulk permittivity ranges from 2.96 at Mare Imbrium to 6.37 at Oceanus Procellarum, whereas the porosity takes the values between 1.8% to 41.1% in the respective maria. It was found that although the bulk permittivity of the four lunar maria differs from a mare to a mare, it shows a good correlation with their composition, viz., their iron-titanium content.
Sequence analysis and protein interactions of Arabidopsis CIA2 and CIL proteins
Authors: Yang Chun-Yen , Sun Chih-Wen
Published: June 2020

Background: A previous screening of Arabidopsis thaliana for mutants exhibiting dysfunctional chloroplast protein transport identified the chloroplast import apparatus ( cia ) gene. The cia2 mutant has a pale green phenotype and reduced rate of protein import into chloroplasts, but leaf shape and size are similar to wild-type plants of the same developmental stage. Microarray analysis showed that nuclear CIA2 protein enhances expression of the Toc75 , Toc33 , CPN10 and cpRPs genes, thereby up-regulating protein import and synthesis efficiency in chloroplasts. CIA2-like (CIL) shares 65% sequence identity to CIA2, suggesting that CIL and CIA2 are homologous proteins in Arabidopsis. Here, we further assess the protein interactions and sequence features of CIA2 and CIL. Results: Subcellular localizations of truncated CIA2 protein fragments in our onion transient assay demonstrate that CIA2 contains two nuclear localization signals (NLS) located at amino acids (aa) 62-65 and 291-308, whereas CIL has only one NLS at aa 47-50. We screened a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) Arabidopsis cDNA library to search for putative CIA2-interacting proteins and identified 12 nuclear proteins, including itself, CIL, and flowering-control proteins (such as CO, NF-YB1, NF-YC1, NF-YC9 and ABI3). Additional Y2H experiments demonstrate that CIA2 and CIL mainly interact with flowering-control proteins via their N-termini, but preferentially form homo- or hetero-dimers through their C-termini. Moreover, sequence alignment showed that the N-terminal sequences of CIA2, CIL and NF-YA are highly conserved. Therefore, NF-YA in the NF-Y complex could be substituted by CIA2 or CIL. Conclusions: We show that Arabidopsis CIA2 and CIL can interact with CO and NF-Y complex, so not only may they contribute to regulate chloroplast function but also to modulate flower development.
Evaluation of Small Bowel Motion and Feasibility of using the Peritoneal Space to Replace Bowel Loops for Dose Constraints during Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy for Rectal Cancer
Authors: Li Siyuan , Gong Yanping , Yang Yongqiang , Guo Qi , Qian Jianjun , Tian Ye
Published: June 2020

Background: The goal of this study was to assess small bowel motion and explore the feasibility of using peritoneal space (PS) to replace bowel loops (BL) via the dose constraint method to spare the small bowel during intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for rectal cancer. Methods: A total of 24 patients with rectal cancer who underwent adjuvant or neoadjuvant radiotherapy were selected. Weekly repeat CT scans from pre-treatment to the fourth week of treatment were acquired and defined as Plan, 1W, 2W, 3W, and 4W. The 4 weekly CT scans were co-registered to the Plan CT, BL and PS contours were delineated in all of the scans, an IMRT plan was designed on Plan CT using PS constraint method, and then copied to the 4 weekly CT scans. The dose-volume, normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) of the small bowel and their variations during treatment were evaluated. Results: Overall, 109 sets of CT scans from 24 patients were acquired, and 109 plans were designed and copied. The BL and PS volumes were 250.3 cc and 1339.3 cc. The V15 of BL and PS based plan of pre-treatment were 182.6 cc and 919.0 cc, the shift% of them were 28.9% and 11.3% during treatment (p=0.000), which was less in the prone position than in the supine position (25.2% vs 32.1%, p =0.000; 9.9% vs 14.9%, p=0.000). The NTCPC and NTCPA based plan of pre-treatment were 2.0% and 59.2%, the shift% during treatment were 46.1% and 14.0% respectively. Majority of BL’s Dmax and V15 were meet the safety standard during treatment using PS dose limit method except 3 times (3/109) of V15 and 5 times of Dmax (5/109).Conclusions: This study indicated that small bowel motion may lead to uncertainties in its dose volume and NTCP evaluation during IMRT for rectal cancer. The BL movements were significantly greater than PS, and the prone position was significantly less than the supine position. It is feasibility of using PS to replace BL to spare the small bowel, V15<830 cc is the dose constraint standard.
The role of telehealth during COVID-19 outbreak: A systematic review based on current evidence
Authors: Monaghesh Elham , Hajizadeh Alireza
Published: June 2020

Purpose: The outbreak of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a public health emergency of international concern. Telehealth is an effective option to fight the outbreak of COVID-19. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the role of telehealth services in preventing, diagnosing, treating, and controlling diseases during COVID-19 outbreak.Methods: This systematic review was conducted through searching five databases including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Science Direct. Inclusion criteria included studies clearly defining any use of telehealth services in all aspects of health care during COVID-19 outbreak, published from December 31, 2019, written in English language and published in peer reviewed journals. Two reviewers independently assessed search results, extracted data, and assessed the quality of the included studies. Quality assessment was based on the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklist. Narrative synthesis was undertaken to summarize and report the findings.Results: Eight studies met the inclusion out of the 142 search results. Currently, healthcare providers and patients who are self-isolating, telehealth is certainly appropriate in minimizing the risk of COVID-19 transmission. This solution has the potential to prevent any sort of direct physical contact, provide continuous care to the community, and finally reduce morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 outbreak.Conclusions: The use of telehealth improves the provision of health services. Therefore, telehealth should be an important tool in caring services while keeping patients and health providers safe during COVID-19 outbreak.
Changes of wavefront aberrations and corneal surface regularity in dry eye patients measured with OPD Scan III
Authors: Liu Rongjun , Ma Baikai , Gao Yufei , Liu Yiyun , QI HONG
Published: June 2020

Background

To evaluate changes of wavefront aberrations and corneal surface regularity in dry eye (DE) patients with OPD Scan-III (NIDEK, JPN).
Methods

Twenty-seven right eyes of 27 DE patients and 23 right eyes of normal subjects were included. The examinations for ocular surface including the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), tear film breakup time (TBUT) and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS). OPD Scan-III was used to measure anterior corneal aberrations including total corneal aberrations, high order aberration (HOA), spherical aberration (SA), coma and trefoil aberration, standard deviation of corneal power (SDP), surface regularity index (SRI) and surface asymmetry index (SAI). Statistical analysis were assessed with one sample t-test. Correlations between those parameters were also analyzed.
Results

Wavefront aberrations parameters including total corneal aberrations, HOA, SA, coma and trefoil in DE group were significantly higher than in normal group (P < 0.05). Corneal surface regularity parameters including SRI and SAI in DE group were significantly higher than in normal group (P < 0.05). TBUT had negative correlations with total corneal aberrations and coma (P < 0.05). Both CFS scores and central CFS scores had no correlations with wavefront aberrations parameters and had positive correlations with SDP and SRI (P༜0.05). Central CFS scores also positively correlated with SAI ( P < 0.05).
Conclusions

Wavefront aberrations and corneal surface irregularity are increased in DE patients. OPD Scan III was have potential to be a new instrument to evaluate the severity of DE and monitor the treatment of DE.
Virtual Screening on Indonesian Herbal Compounds as COVID-19 Supportive Therapy: Machine Learning and Pharmacophore Modeling Approaches
Authors: Erlina Linda , Paramita Rafika Indah , Kusuma Wisnu Ananta , Fadilah Fadilah , Tedjo Aryo , Pratomo Irandi Putra , Ramadhanti Nabila Sekar , Nasution Ahmad Kamal , Surado Fadhlal Khaliq , Fitriawan Aries , Istiadi Khaerunissa Anbar , Yanuar Arry
Published: June 2020

Background

Status of the latest developments from the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia has reached 15438 cases with 1028 cases of patients died, updated on May 13, 2020. Unfortunately, the number of infected continues to overgrow, and no drugs have been approved for effective treatment. This research aims to find potential candidate compounds in Indonesian herbal as COVID-19 supportive therapy using machine learning and pharmacophore modeling approach.
Methods

For a machine learning approach, we used three classification methods that have different principles in decision making, such as SVM, MLP, and Random Forest. By using these different methods, it is expected that more optimal screening results can be obtained than using only one method. Moreover, for a pharmacophore modeling approach, we did the structure-based method on the 3D structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (3CLPro) and using known SARS, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2 repurposing drugs from literature as data sets on the ligand-based method. Lastly, we used molecular docking to analyse the interaction between 3CLpro (main protease) protein with 14 hit compounds from the Indonesian Herbal Database (HerbalDB) and Lopinavir as a positive control.
Results

The models yielded by SVM, RF, and MLP were used for screening in herbal compounds obtained from HerbalDB and got 125 potential compounds. Whereas the structure-based pharmacophore modeling gave eight hit compounds and the ligand-based methods produced more than a hundred hit compounds. Based on the screening on HerbalDB using these two prediction approaches, we got 14 hit compounds candidates. Further analysis was done using molecular docking to know the interaction between each compound and main protease of SARS-CoV-2 as inhibitory agents. From molecular docking analysis, we got six potential compounds as the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor, i.e Hesperidin, Kaempferol-3,4'-di-O-methyl ether (Ermanin); Myricetin-3-glucoside, Peonidine 3-(4’-arabinosylglucoside); Quercetin 3-(2G-rhamnosylrutinoside); and Rhamnetin 3-mannosyl-(1–2)-alloside.
Conclusions

Herbal compounds from various plants were potential as candidates of SARS-CoV-2 antivirals. Based on our research and literature study, one of the potential commodity crops in Indonesia is Psidium guajava (guava) and can be directly used by the community.
GIS-based gully erosion susceptibility modeling, adapting bivariate statistical method and AHP approach in Gombe town and environs Northeast Nigeria
Authors: Igwe Ogbonnaya , Ugwuoke Ikechukwu John , Solomon Onwuka , Obinna Ozioko
Published: June 2020

Gully erosion is a major environmental problem in Gombe town, a large area of land is becoming unsuitable for human settlement, hence the need for gully erosion susceptibility map of the study area. To generate a gully inventory map, detailed field exercise was carried out, during this investigation one hundred gullies were identified and studied extensively within the study area of about 550 km2. In addition to the mapped gullies, Google EarthPro with high-resolution imagery was used to locate the spatial extents of fifty (50) more gullies. Ten gully erosion predisposing factors were carefully selected considering the information obtained from literature, and multiple field survey of the study area, the factors include elevation, slope angle, curvature, aspect, topographic wetness index (TWI), soil texture, geology, drainage buffer, road buffer and landuse. In this study, a GIS-based Frequency Ratio (FR) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) models were employed to predict areas prone to gully erosion in Gombe town and environs. The result obtained from FR shows that drainage, soil texture, and slope have the highest correlation with gully occurrence, while the AHP model revealed that drainage buffer, soil texture, geology have a high correlation with the formation of a gully. Gully erosion susceptibility maps (GESM) were produced and reclassified into very high, high, moderate, and low zones. The overall accuracies of both models were tested utilizing area under the curve (AUC) values and gully density distribution. FR and AHP model have AUC values of 0.73 and 0.72 respectively, the outcome indicates that both models have high prediction accuracy. The gully erosion density distribution values revealed that gullies are concentrated in the very high susceptibility class and it decreases towards the low class, Therefore the GESM produced using these models in this study area is reliable and can be used for land management and future planning
Analyzing Temporal Changes in an Urbanized Area Using Densely Staked Image Classification and Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR) Technique
Authors: Wadhwa Abhinav , Kummamuru Pavan Kumar
Published: June 2020

Monitoring transformation of non-built-up area to urban spread via densely-stacked Land-Use-Land-Cover (LULC) classification offers a catalogue of spatio-temporal statistics to evaluate discrepancies instigated by transition factors. Impacts of major transition apparatuses in an area persuading the haphazard urbanization pattern are evaluated for Vellore acts a major contribution to Smart city project. Implications of causative factors: i) Population density; ii) proximity from rail-road-network; and iii) commercial areas are scrutinized with respect to urbanization upsurge. Multi-variate correlation is established using trend analysis and Multinomial Regression (MLR) technique for individual and homogeneous amalgamation of the aforementioned factors. Resulting equations obtained is formally used to detect closeness of urban extent from several landscapes. Research outcomes exhibited that the built-up straggling occurs from 30 to 232 m along the landscapes with a maximum of 336 m. Illustration of this study can also be assessed for various social and economic causative factors against urbanization for other smart cities.