bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three Exit Channels in the Fission of 235U(n, f)
Authors: Knitter H.-H. , Hambsch F.-J. , Budtz-Jørgensen C. , Theobald J. P.
Published: September 2020

A formula for the fission fragment yield area in the coordinate system of the fragment total kinetic energy and of the fragment mass is presented. It was deduced along the lines of the multiexit- channel model of fission elaborated by Brosa, Grossmann and Müller. This formula was fitted to the fragment mass-, average total kinetic energy-, and variance distributions of the thermal neutron induced fission of 235U. The obtained parameters are compared with the theoretical predictions. Further improvements of the fragment yield representation are discussed.
Surface Tensions of Molten Binary CaCl2-NaCl, LaCl3-NaCl, and LaCl3-CaCl2 and Ternary LaCl3-CaCI2-NaCl Systems
Authors: Igarashi K. , Iwadate Y. , Mochinaga J.
Published: September 2020

The surface tensions of the molten binaries CaCl2-NaCl, LaCl3-NaCl, and LaCl3-CaCl2 and the three quasi-binaries LaCl3-nNaCl.mCaCl2 (mole ratios n : m = 2.7 : 1, 1 : 1, and 1 : 3.1) were measured by the maximum bubble pressure method. The surface tension of CaCl2-NaCl and LaCl3-CaCl2 increases curvilinearly with increasing CaCl2 concentration, while below 900 °C the isotherms of LaCl3-NaCl show a minimum at ca. 30 mol% LaCl3. A minimum was also observed for the quasi-binary with n : m = 2.7 : 1. The surface tensions for the ternary LaCl3-CaCl2-NaCl at 900 °C were constructed from the above results.
Vanishing Fermi to Gamow-Teller Mixing Ratio of the ß+ Decay of 58Co
Authors: Saw E. L. , Yap C. T.
Published: September 2020

Since 1956, fourteen experimentally-deduced values of the Fermi to Gamow-Teller mixing ratio y = CvMF/CAMGT were published, varying from 0.05 to -0.36 with most values consistent with y = 0, particularly those from recent measurements. Our calculation, using the Nilsson model, yields y= 2.07 x 10-4, which can be taken as zero. Our result is therefore consistent with time-reversal invariance. Furthermore, the vanishing value of y arises both from the ΔT selection rule and the ΔK selection rule
Electron-Gamma PAC: New Possibilities for NQI Studies
Authors: Correia J. G. , Araújo J. P. , Marques J. G. , Ramos A. R. , Melo A. A. , Soares J. C.
Published: September 2020

The application of hyperfine interaction techniques to problems in solid state physics has been stead-ily growing over the last decade with the use of radioactive ion beam facilities such as ISOLDE at CERN. New applications of the e--γ Perturbed Angular Correlation (PAC) technique are underway at ISOLDE using probe nuclei with highly converted cascades. In this paper we present the motivation for extend-ing PAC experiments to elements/isotopes not usable with the conventional γ-γ PAC technique. Examples will be shown where the long-lived 73As/ 73Ge, the short lived 127Ba/ 127Cs and the 197mHg/ 197Hg decay cascades are applied to measurements of nuclear quadrupole interactions in materials.
tPA Deficiency Underlies Neurovascular Coupling Dysfunction by Amyloid-β
Authors: Park Laibaik , Zhou Joan , Koizumi Kenzo , Wang Gang , Anfray Antoine , Ahn Sung Ji , Seo James , Zhou Ping , Zhao Lingzhi , Paul Steven , Anrather Josef , Iadecola Costantino
Published: September 2020

The amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide, a key pathogenic factor in Alzheimer's disease, attenuates the increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF) evoked by neural activity (functional hyperemia), a vital homeostatic response in which NMDA receptors (NMDARs) play a role through nitric oxide, and the CBF increase produced by endothelial factors. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), which is reduced in Alzheimer's disease and in mouse models of Aβ accumulation, is required for the full expression of the NMDAR-dependent component of functional hyperemia. Therefore, we investigated whether tPA is involved in the neurovascular dysfunction of Aβ. tPA activity was reduced, and the tPA inhibitor plasminogen inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) was increased in male mice expressing the Swedish mutation of the amyloid precursor protein (tg2576). Counteracting the tPA reduction with exogenous tPA or with pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of PAI-1 completely reversed the attenuation of the CBF increase evoked by whisker stimulation but did not ameliorate the response to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine. The tPA deficit attenuated functional hyperemia by suppressing NMDAR-dependent nitric oxide production during neural activity. Pharmacological inhibition of PAI-1 increased tPA activity, prevented neurovascular uncoupling, and ameliorated cognition in 11- to 12-month-old tg2576 mice, effects associated with a reduction of cerebral amyloid angiopathy but not amyloid plaques. The data unveil a selective role of the tPA in the suppression of functional hyperemia induced by Aβ and in the mechanisms of cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and support the possibility that modulation of the PAI–1-tPA pathway may be beneficial in diseases associated with amyloid accumulation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAmyloid-β (Aβ) peptides have profound neurovascular effects that may contribute to cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease. We found that Aβ attenuates the increases in blood flow evoked by neural activation through a reduction in tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) caused by upregulation of its endogenous inhibitor plasminogen inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). tPA deficiency prevents NMDA receptors from triggering nitric oxide production, thereby attenuating the flow increase evoked by neural activity. PAI-1 inhibition restores tPA activity, rescues neurovascular coupling, reduces amyloid deposition around blood vessels, and improves cognition in a mouse model of Aβ accumulation. The findings demonstrate a previously unappreciated role of tPA in Aβ-related neurovascular dysfunction and in vascular amyloid deposition. Restoration of tPA activity could be of therapeutic value in diseases associated with amyloid accumulation.
Influence of organizational culture in the quality management of a teaching hospital
Authors: Ventura Palloma Fernandes Estanislau Vaz , Velloso Isabela Silva Cancio , Alves Marília
Published: September 2020

Objective: to analyze the influence of symbolic elements of organizational culture in quality management and patient safety. Methods: qualitative research, using the case study strategy. A total of 18 intentionally chosen managers participated. Data collection took place through observation, document analysis and interviews and, subsequently, it was subjected to thematic content analysis. Results: the following symbolic elements were identified: the strength of the university’s culture, the power of the doctor, the power of the teacher, the steadiness and professional autonomy and collegiate decisions. Such elements influence the management of patient quality and safety, as there is low adherence to change proposals. Conclusion: the symbolic elements maintain the traditional work practices, shared by the group, which make it difficult to adhere to the proposals for quality management and patient safety.
Care in the Ostomates Programs: the multidisciplinary team’s perspective
Authors: Sasaki Vanessa Damiana Menis , Teles André Aparecido da Silva , Russo Tatiana Mara da Silva , Aguiar Janderson Cleiton , Paraizo-Horvath Camila Maria Silva , Sonobe Helena Megumi
Published: September 2020

Objective: to interpret the multidisciplinary team’s perspective on care for ostomates. Methods: qualitative study involving five professionals from the multidisciplinary team of the Ostomates Program, based on the Social Model of Disability. To collect the data, a focus group, participant and non-participant observation were used, along with a field diary, interpreted using the thematic analysis method. Results: the experience of this team was interpreted based on the theme Challenges for the implementation of the Ostomates Program and the respective thematic nuclei: In search of teamwork and Specialized care demands for intestinal ostomates, which evidenced the influences on the work and the need for improvements in care, infrastructure and human resources. Conclusion: the health professionals’ integration among different public healthcare levels and the ostomates and families’ participation influence the care for ostomates.
The Risk and Outcomes of Reoperative Tricuspid Valve Replacement Surgery
Authors: Chen Cheng , Ge Min , Ye Jiaxin , Cheng Yongqing , Chen Tao , Lu Lichong , Wang Zhigang , Wang Dongjin
Published: September 2020

Objectives: Functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR) usually occurs with previous cardiovascular surgery, which causes right-side heart failure and affects patient prognosis. Thus, we aimed to assess the risk and outcomes of isolated tricuspid valve replacement (TVR) after cardiovascular surgery.
Methods: We reviewed our hospital medical records and found 107 patients, who had undergone TVR following cardiovascular surgery from June 2009 to November 2017. Follow up was performed by telephone calls, with a mean follow up of 51 months (one to 120 months). Previous surgical procedures of all patients were recorded, and we compared the differences in baseline and preoperative characteristics between the survival and non-survival groups by univariate analysis. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors. The variables with a P value < .05 on univariate analysis were entered into a multivariate analysis using stepwise selection.
Results: TVR was performed in 107 patients, including 89 survivors and 18 non-survivors during the follow up. There were 38 male and 69 female patients, and the mean age was 53.55 years. Hospital mortality was 16.8% (18/107). The APACHE II (P < .001) and mechanical ventilation time (P = .001) were higher in the non-survival group. The values of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), total bilirubin (TB), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) before and after the operation and some preoperative values were different between the two groups (P < .05). The logistic regression analysis showed that APACHE II score, mechanical ventilation time, preoperative albumin, and postoperative TB were risk factors for TVR after cardiovascular surgery.
Conclusions: Reoperation tricuspid valve replacement is associated with high operative mortality. High APACHE II scores, mechanical ventilation time and postoperative TB were associated with increased short-term mortality risk, while high preoperative albumin levels decreased the risk. Positive reoperation for tricuspid valve prosthesis dysfunction can obtain satisfactory therapeutic effects, and survivors could benefit from the surgery.
Sensing the electrokinetic potential of cellulosic fiber surfaces
Authors: Hubbe Martin A.
Published: September 2020

The charged nature of a cellulosic fiber surface is expected to play major roles in such phenomena as fiber dispersion, flocculation, adhesion, and adsorption of polyelectrolytes. This review focuses on the evaluation of such charges by means of electrokinetic measurements, with emphasis on the fiber-pad streaming potential technique. Results of recent experiments suggest that a continuous network or networks of pores below the outer surface of a kraft fiber can significantly contribute to observed streaming potential data. At present it is not clear whether the main subsurface contributions to the observed electrokinetic effects come from fibrillar layers on the fiber surfaces or from systems of nanopores within the cell walls of fibers. Based on the literature it is possible to suggest two conceptual models to account for the fact that the streaming potential of polymer-treated fibers can change in sign, dependent on the concentration of salt. Additional research is needed to clarify various theoretical and practical points. There may be oppor-tunities to make more effective use of streaming potential tests in the future by carrying out such tests at reduced salt levels.
Prospects for Biodiesel as a Byproduct of Wood Pulping - A Review
Authors: Lee Sa Yong , Hubbe Martin A. , Saka Shiro
Published: September 2020

Effective utilization of byproducts can affect the profitability of kraft pulping to produce cellulosic fibers from wood. This review considers opportunities to use tall oil components, obtained from kraft pulping, as a source of raw material for biodiesel fuel, or as a source of additives for petrodiesel. Considerable progress has been achieved with respect to converting vegetable oils to diesel fuel, and some of what has been learned appears to have potential application for processing of wood-derived fatty acids and related compounds. Alkaline – catalyzed trans esterification strategies, while seemingly well adapted for relatively pure vegetable oil source materials, may not be the best fit for the processing of tall oil fractions. The promising strategies to consider include acid – catalyzed esterification, enzymatic processes, hydrogenation, and the use of supercritical methanol.
SOVIETINIS REŽIMAS IR KULTŪRINĖS NOMENKLATŪROS KAITA VĖLYVUOJU SOVIETMEČIU LIETUVOJE. RAŠYTOJŲ APLINKOS ATVEJIS
Authors: Ivanauskas Vilius
Published: September 2020

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas kultūrinės nomenklatūros santykis su sovietine sistema, pabrėžiant šių kultūrininkų orientacijos ir elgsenos pokyčius septintajame–aštuntajame dešimtmečiuose ir didėjančią paramą nacionalinei ideologijai. Remiantis kokybine analize ir tarpdalykine prieiga, straipsnyje dėmesys skiriamas sovietmečio kultūrininkų susisluoksniavimui, neformalių tinklų įtakai, dalyvavimui komunistinės indoktrinacijos veikloje ir mobilizuojant nacionalinį tapatumą. Remiantis rašytojų atvejo analize parodoma, kad vėlyvajame sovietmetyje gana akivaizdžiai išryškėja rašytojų konservacininkų (nomenklatūros dalis) vietininkiškumo laikysena, sovietmečio sąlygomis demonstruojanti paramą etniniams bei lokaliniams interesams ir atskleidžianti įsivyravusį oficialaus kultūrinio elito abejingumą sistemai. Analizės rezultatai leidžia teigti, kad ši pozicija buvo ypač svarbi gilinant sovietinės sistemos eroziją ir prisidedant prie nacionalinių procesų stiprėjimo devintajame dešimtmetyje.
ISTORINIŲ ANALOGIJŲ VAIDMUOUŽSIENIO POLITIKOS PROCESE
Authors: Jurgelevičiūtė Diana
Published: September 2020

Straipsnyje keliamas klausimas, kaip galima paaiškinti valstybės užsienio politiką analizuojant užsienio politikos veikėjų pasisakymuose naudojamas istorines analogijas ir su jomis susijusį užsienio politikos procesą. Teigiama, kad konvencinių požiūrių į istorinių analogijų vaidmenį užsienio politikos procese atstovai pernelyg siaurai apsibrėžia istorinės analogijos sampratą. Taip pat, kad besivadovaujantieji konvenciniais požiūriais, pirmenybę teikdami pozityvistų prielaidoms, jog istorija yra faktų rinkinys ir kalba nesvarbi arba aprašo tikrovę, apriboja galimybes tirti istorines analogijas. Straipsnyje formuluojamas naujas istorinių analogijų analizės modelis, apimantis taisyklių konstruktyvizmo ir kalbėjimo akto teorijos prielaidas bei dialoginės analizės metodą.
Brief Behavioral Interventions for Substance Use in Adolescents: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Steele Dale W. , Becker Sara J. , Danko Kristin J. , Balk Ethan M. , Adam Gaelen P. , Saldanha Ian J. , Trikalinos Thomas A.
Published: September 2020

CONTEXT:

Adolescents with problematic substance use (SU) are at risk for far-reaching adverse outcomes.

OBJECTIVE:

Synthesize the evidence regarding the effects of brief behavioral interventions for adolescents (12–20 years) with problematic SU.

DATA SOURCES:

We conducted literature searches in Medline, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and PsycInfo through October 31, 2019.

STUDY SELECTION:

We screened 33 272 records and citations for interventions in adolescents with at least problematic SU, retrieved 1831 articles, and selected 22 randomized controlled trials of brief interventions meeting eligibility criteria for meta-analysis.

DATA EXTRACTION:

We followed Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality guidelines. We categorized brief interventions into components, including motivational interviewing (MI), psychoeducation, and treatment as usual. Outcomes included SU (abstinence, days used per month) for alcohol and cannabis, and substance-related problem scales. Strength of evidence (SoE) was assessed.

RESULTS:

Both pairwise and network meta-analyses were conducted by using random effects models. Compared to treatment as usual, the use of MI reduces heavy alcohol use days by 0.7 days per month (95% credible interval [CrI]: −1.6 to 0.02; low SoE), alcohol use days by 1.1 days per month (95% CrI −2.2 to −0.3; moderate SoE), and overall substance-related problems by a standardized net mean difference of 0.5 (95% CrI –1.0 to 0; low SoE). The use of MI did not reduce cannabis use days, with a net mean difference of −0.05 days per month (95% CrI: −0.26 to 0.14; moderate SoE).

LIMITATIONS:

There was lack of consistently reported outcomes and limited available comparisons.

CONCLUSIONS:

The use of MI reduces heavy alcohol use, alcohol use days, and SU-related problems in adolescents but does not reduce cannabis use days.
Assessment of Medication Related Problems in Geriatrics Unit of Nigerian Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Mgbahurike A. A  , Wonte M. I.
Published: September 2020

Medication related problems are prevalent especially in the geriatric populationandcancause considerable patient morbidity and in some cases death as well as increased health expenditure. The elderly population is at increased risk for medication related problems as a result of age – related physiological changes and the presence of multiple chronic diseases. Aim: This study aimed to assess medication related problems (MRP) in University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, with the objective to identify and categorize the MRP according to types as well as identify the most frequent MRP encountered and interventions made by the pharmacists. Method: The study was a retrospective study carried out among 200 geriatric patientsrandomly sampled, over 18months period (January 2018 to June 2019). Data extracted include patients’ demographic information, prescribed medication and number, medical condition, and pharmacist’s intervention (where available) using data collection form. Information collected were categorized and analyzed statistically. Result: showed that female geriatric patients (64.4%) were more than male (35.5%). Most (43%) of the studied population were in the range of 60yrs – 70yrs. Out of the 200 patients assessed, 157 (78.4%) had medication related problems. Drug- drug interaction was the most frequently (64.4%) occurred MRP, as most (62.5%) of the studied group had 6 -10 medications in one prescription, and 12.5% had more than 10 medications in one prescription.  Following drug interaction was incorrect drug administration (18.5%). Of the population studied, 56.5% of the patients were using their medication inappropriately. The major contributing factors responsible for these MRPs were comorbidities, poly-pharmacy, and medication non- adherence. Conclusion: The study identified categories of medication related problem in the geriatric Unit of the hospital and the need for pharmacists’ interventions.
Prognostic Value of Leukocytosis in Pediatric Head Trauma
Authors: Sahin Levent , Kayabas Murat , Aras Levent
Published: September 2020

Introduction: The most common cause of the morbidity and mortality in the childhood period age group is head traumas. In emergency departments computed tomography (CT) for diagnostic purposes is used more frequently in head traumas that are occurred in pediatric patients than in adults. Different protocols have been defined for brain CT in children with head trauma, clinical evaluations come to the fore in these protocols; however, there is no biomarker. Objective: Our aim in this study is to investigate the relationship between age, gender, trauma etiology, presence of symptoms at the time of admission, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), brain CT findings and blood WBC levels at admission. Method: 305 pediatric patients [between 0 and 18 years old] who applied to the emergency department of Kafkas University Medical Faculty Hospital between 2016 and 2019 after head trauma were included in the study. The data of these patients were analyzed retrospectively from the hospital records. Age, gender, head trauma etiology, GCS scores at the time of presentation, their symptoms, their brain CT findings and blood WBC levels were examined. Chi-square test was performed between patients with and without leukocytosis and independent variables. Results: After applying exclusion factors, the data of 173 patients who underwent CT in the emergency room after head trauma and whose blood tests were studied were examined. When patients were analyzed according to gender, 111 (64.2%) were male and 62 (35.8%) were found to be female. In terms of age, it was seen that those between the ages of 0 and 2 were 54 (31.2%), and those between the ages of 2- and 18 were 119 (68.8%). Among the etiological causes of traumas, the most frequent (n = 113) 65.3% falls were seen. The number of patients with symptoms was 57 (32.9%). Patients with GCS 14 ≥  constituted 69.4% of the total patients (n = 120). There was a pathological finding in 19.0% of the brain CT' s (n = 33) taken. Leukocytosis was detected in 17.3% of the patients [n = 30]. Conclusion: As a result of this study, it was found statistically significant that the blood WBC levels were higher in children who had head trauma, whose GCS was 13 ≤ at the time of application,  who had symptoms and who had pathology in brain CT compared to other groups.
La otredad en Heródoto (Hdt. IV. 23-28,1). Un análisis historiográfico, metodológico y etnográfico sobre los argipeos, isedones y arimaspos
Authors: San-José Christian
Published: September 2020

En el presente trabajo se pretende realizar un análisis sobre el pasaje de Heródoto (Hdt. iv, 23-28, 1) con el objetivo de lograr concretar la metodología empleada por el autor griego, las fases de construcción narrativa y el valor histórico y etnográfico del mismo. Para la consecución de dicho objetivo, el trabajo se encuentra estructurado en: una breve introducción historiográfica sobre Heródoto, un análisis estratificado y detallado del pasaje referido para, finalmente, aportar unas breves conclusiones.
Contemporary movement of the Earth's crust in the Northwestern Vietnam by continuous GPS data
Authors: Minh Le Huy , Hung Vu Tuan , Hu Jyr- Ching , Minh Nguyen Le , Huang Bor- Shouh , Chen Horng- Yue , Thang Nguyen Chien , Thanh Nguyen Ha , Thanh Le Truong , Mai Nguyen Thi , Hong Pham Thi Thu
Published: September 2020

The paper presents an estimation of the Earth’s crustal motion from the continuous GPS data at 6 stations (MTEV, MLAY, DBIV, TGIV, SMAV and SLAV) in the Northwestern and at PHUT (Hanoi) station using GAMIT/GLOBK software. The absolute displacements of the Earth’s crust at 7 stations in the IGS14 frame are respectively: 34.10±0.71 mm/yr (DBIV), 34.31±0.65 mm/yr (PHUT), 34.51±0.75 mm/yr (SMAV), 34.55±0.80 mm/yr (MLAY), 34.80±0.72 mm/yr (TGIV), 34.93±0.99 mm/yr (SLAV) and 35.59±0.73 mm/yr (MTEV), in the southeastward with the azimuth range 104-108o.  The Son La fault is a right-lateral slip fault with a shear amplitude of ~1.5 mm/yr. The Lai Chau-Dien Bien fault is a left-lateral slip fault with a shear amplitude of ~1.9 mm/yr. Although the absolute velocities at the DBIV, SMAV, SLAV, TGIV and MLAY stations are evaluated with the error <1 mm/yr, the relative displacement on the Ma River fault is of ~0.5 mm/yr, and it seems that we still do not have a reliable assessment of the slip rate on the Ma River right-lateral slip fault.
Sapientia – Scientia – Metafisica. Uwagi na marginesie tekstu Stanisława Kamińskiego o mądrości
Authors: Manikowski Maciej
Published: September 2020

Stanisław Kamiński, polski filozofii i metodolog metafizyki jest autorem bardzo interesującego i inspirującego tekstu o mądrości. W jego filozoficznej analizie odkrywamy bardzo ważne pytanie dotyczące nie tylko samej mądrości, lecz także samego naszego filozoficznego myślenia. Mądrość nie jest jedynie zbiorem jakichś informacji pozyskanych w wyniku ludzkiej działalności w świecie, nawet gdyby taka wiedza była w pewien sposób wspomagana przez naukę. Mądrość nie jest tylko zbiorem ludzkich doświadczeń, wynikających z długiego i owocnego życia człowieka. Mądrość jest wiedzą dogłębną o rzeczywistości, w jej aspekcie odkrywania ostatecznych przyczyn i celów. Mądrość jest wiedzą, wiedzą metafizyczną, najbardziej ugruntowaną, a zatem fundamentalną, ponieważ w niej osiąga się najbardziej zasadniczą podstawę istnienia, realnie istniejący byt, a nie tylko pojęcie bytu. Mądrość jest wiedzą teoretyczną, która jest ostateczną i najpełniejszą wiedzą o świecie, jego wiecznym i najgłębszym porządku. Mądrość praktyczna natomiast jest praktyczną, użyteczną i rozumną aplikacją mądrości teoretycznej, którą wykorzystujemy w praktyce naszego codziennego życia, podejmując działania wobec świata i drugiego człowieka. W tym miejscu można się odwołać do tytułu zbioru metodologicznych i metafilozoficznych studiów Stanisława Kamińskiego, z którego pochodzi omawiany tekst Nauka a filozofia i mądrość, a który to tytuł brzmi Jak filozofować?. „Tak, by osiągnąć mądrość” – odpowiedziałby na tytułowe pytanie Kamiński.
Autoteleologia osoby a teleologia natury w antropologii Karola Wojtyły
Authors: Biesaga Tadeusz
Published: September 2020

Artykuł rekonstruuje i analizuje Wojtyłowską propozycję przezwyciężenia dualizmu antropologicznego przez syntezę teleologicznych tendencji natury ludzkiej z autoteleologią wolności osoby. Propozycja ta zmierza równocześnie do syntezy filozofii bytu i filozofii świadomości, inaczej syntezy podmiotowego i przedmiotowego, subiektywnego i obiektywnego ujęcia człowieka oraz norm moralnych. Droga ta jest trudniejsza niż obrana przez antropologię spirytualistyczną lub jej przeciwieństwo, antropologię naturalistyczną, czy materialistyczną. Drogę tę można nazwać filozofią i antropologią ­integralną, łączącą w sobie pełne ujęcie bytu ludzkiego.
Personalistyczna etyka Karola Wojtyły wobec zarzutów współczesnego antypersonalizmu
Authors: Czachorowski Marek
Published: September 2020

W artykule prezentuje się współczesne zarzuty wobec personalizmu etycznego, którego szczególnym przykładem jest etyka Karola Wojtyły. Odsłania się błędne założenia kryjące się za tymi zarzutami i sposób udzielenia na nie odpowiedzi, które znajdujemy w pracach Wojtyły. Współczesna krytyka personalizmu etycznego wychodzi z pozycji pozytywizmu sprowadzającego wartościową wiedzę do nauk szczegółowych, a wykluczającego ujęcie istoty moralności. Ten pozytywistyczny redukcjonizm stoi też u podstaw formułowania zarzutu błędu naturalistycznego wobec personalizmu Wojtyły. Jego „norma personalistyczna”, która wyklucza tylko instrumentalne traktowanie osoby z racji jej szczególnej wartości, jest uzasadniona w oparciu o doświadczenie aksjologiczne, między innymi obecne w doświadczeniu wstydu, który ujawnia bezpośrednio istotę i wartość osoby ludzkiej.
Improving Unjust Laws Without Inviting Unjust Plans: The Case of Abortion for Fetal Anomaly
Authors: Watt Helen
Published: September 2020

Some laws cannot yet be entirely abrogated in a current political situation, though permitting grave injustices against some individuals; for example, unborn and/or disabled individuals. In supporting the passing of new ‘imperfect’ laws that protect only some of those who now lack protection, do we ourselves discriminate unjustly against those remaining unprotected? Or does that depend on factors such as our intentions – including what we intend that others intend? How may we collaborate with colleagues who intend, and perhaps explicitly defend, the continuation of remaining, closely-related injustices, although they are willing to join us in trying to improve some aspects of the status quo? This paper explores the moral constraints on our attempts to extend the law’s protection to some, but not to all, of those individuals currently deprived of such ­protection and at risk of serious harm.
Early postoperative effects of the hypothermia level during hypothermic circulatory arrest in patients with ascending aortic aneurysm
Authors: Kozlov B. N. , Panfilov D. S. , Sonduev E. L. , Ponomarenko I. V.
Published: September 2020

Aim. To compare the effectiveness and safety of ascending aortic hemiarch replacement performed during hypothermic circulatory arrest with different temperature regimens.

Material and methods. The study included 104 patients with ascending aortic aneurysm, who underwent ascending aortic hemiarch replacement under hypothermic circulatory arrest and antegrade cerebral perfusion. Depending on the temperature regimen, all patients were divided into two comparable groups: group 1 (n=28) — patients operated on under mild hypothermia (29-31oС), group 2 (n=76) — patients operated on under moderate hypothermia (25-28oC).

Results. Comparative analysis of intraoperative data between groups of patients with mild and moderate hypothermia revealed a significant difference in the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (111 [97; 135] min vs 125 [108.5; 170] min, p=0,031) and surgery (240 [210; 270 ] min vs 275 [240; 330] min, p=0,003). In the early postoperative period, the best results were also obtained in patients of mild hypothermia group. In these patients, compared with moderate hypothermia group, there was a lower frequency of reoperation due to bleeding (3,5% vs 5,2%, p=0,572), a decrease in transfused fresh frozen plasma volume (2 [2; 4] vs 4 [2; 4], p=0,03), a decrease in the ventilatory support duration (10 [7; 16] hours vs 18 [10; 24] hours, p=0,002), as well as a bed-day decrease in intensive care unit (2 [2; 3] and 3 [2; 4] days, p=0,005). No neurologic deficit was found in any of the patients. In-hospital mortality had no significant intergroup differences (p=0,541).

Conclusion. An increase in the temperature regimen during the ascending aortic hemiarch replacement performed under hypothermic circulatory arrest is relatively safe in relation to early postoperative complications. Mild hypothermia does not increase early postoperative surgical risks compared to moderate hypothermia.
Carbon dioxide elimination pattern in assessing the risk of an unfavorable outcome in cardiac surgery
Authors: Kamenskaya O. V. , Loginova I. Yu. , Klinkova A. S. , Ponomarev D. N. , Alsov S. A. , Lomivorotov V. N. , Chernyavskiy A. M.
Published: September 2020

Aim. To assess the influence of resting partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PetCO2) levels on the long-term results of cardiac surgery.

Materials and methods. This prospective cohort study included 454 patients with coronary artery disease who underwent elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Before surgery, all patients underwent pulmonary function tests, including body plethysmography, lung diffusion capacity assessment and cardiopulmonary exercise testing with the determination of ventilatory and gas exchange parameters, including PetCO2 at rest. The endpoint was the 2-year survival rate after surgery.

Results. Parameters characterizing the obstructive breathing pattern, the lung diffusion capacity, and resting PetCO2 levels had a significant predictor value in relation to long-term survival after cardiac surgery. Among the baseline clinical and functional characteristics, a significant influence on long-term results was shown by the EuroSCORE II (OR 1,69 (1,26-2,27), p=0,001). The highest sensitivity and specificity in relation to long-term mortality risk after coronary artery bypass grafting was shown by resting PetCO2 value equal to 31 mm Hg (area under the ROC curve 0,74 (0,64-0,86), p<0,001).

Conclusion. The resting PetCO2 level below 31 mm Hg in patients with coronary artery disease showed a significant effect on the increased long-term mortality risk after cardiac surgery, which is important for patients with exercise intolerance.
Bilateral injury of deep peroneal nerve in the patient after heart transplant
Authors: Śmiechowski Adam , Sobieszczańska-Małek Małgorzata
Published: September 2020

In March 2015, a 62-year-old patient with advanced heart failure underwent a failed radiofrequency ablation, followed by paresis of muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg. After rehabilitation, partial recovery of the paresis was achieved. Orthotopic heart transplantation was performed 9 months after ablation at the at the Institute of Cardiology, followed by a bilateral paresis of muscles in the anterior leg compartment. Rehabilitation was implemented. The possible cause of paresis is most likely to be due to food shortages, mainly related to a folic acid deficiency.
Effect of late culprit coronary artery revascularization on prognosis of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Frolov A. A. , Kuzmichev K. V. , Pochinka I. G. , Sharabrin E. G. , Savenkov A. G.
Published: September 2020

Aim. To evaluate the effect of culprit coronary artery revascularization after 48 hours from the symptoms’ onset on the prognosis of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Material and methods. Of the 1172 patients admitted to City Clinical Hospital № 13 in 2018 due to STEMI, 43 patients (4%) were included in the retrospective study. There were following inclusion criteria: hospitalization after 48 hours from the symptoms’ onset, no clinical signs of myocardial ischemia, and complete coronary artery occlusion according to angiography. The mean age of the subjects was 61,3±10,6 years, 34 (79%) men and 9 (21%) women. The subjects were divided into two groups: group 1 (n=22) — management with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), group 2 (n=21) — management with medications. The groups differ only in the severity of coronary atherosclerosis according to SYNTAX score: group 1 — 14,0 [11.0; 19.5], group 2 — 26,0 [16,5; 31,0] (p=0,009). At the end of inpatient treatment, patients underwent echocardiography. Death and myocardial infarction were monitored during hospitalization and for 12 months after discharge.

Results. During hospitalization, 2 patients died (4,7%; one in each group, p=1,00). No recurrent MI were reported. The left ventricular ejection fraction in the PCI group was 50 [46; 54] %, in the group with drug therapy — 43 [38; 50] % (p=0,01). Out of 43 included patients, long-term outcomes were followed up in 32 (74%). Among them, 1 (5,8%) patient died in group 1, 6 (33,3%) patients — in group 2 (p=0,04). In total, death or recurrent MI in the first group was observed in 2 (12%) patients, in the second group — in 5 (33%) patients (p=0,14).

Conclusion. Revascularization of a fully occluded culprit coronary artery in stable patients with STEMI after 48 hours of symptoms’ onset is associated with a higher inhospital left ventricular ejection fraction and a decrease in 12-month mortality.
Rationale for revascularization to improve prognosis in stable coronary artery disease: the data from ISCHEMIA trial
Authors: Bershtein L. L. , Zbyshevskaya E. V. , Gumerova V. E.
Published: September 2020

Although myocardial revascularization is one of the most studied types of medical interventions, there is a heated discussion in cardiology about the feasibility and indications for it in patients with stable coronary artery disease (chronic coronary syndrome). The recently completed ISCHEMIA trial is the largest current study comparing conservative versus invasive strategies in this category of patients. The article discusses the rationale for revascularization to improve prognosis according to the ISCHEMIA trial.
Long-term outcomes of aortic valve repair in children with congenital heart disease and their predictors
Authors: Abdurakhmanov Z. M. , Yemets I. N.
Published: September 2020

Aim. To retrospectively analyze the long-term results of primary aortic valve repair (AVR) in children.

Material and methods. The study included 163 patients operated on from 2004 to 2019. The mean age was 9,58±9,3 years. The patients underwent commissurotomy, decalcification, raphe resection, Trusler technique, raphe shaving, free margin plication, leaflet replacement, leaflet extension, subcommissural annuloplasty, valve sparing aortic root replacement and neocuspidization. Primary endpoint was a composite outcome of freedom from reoperation, recurrent greater than moderate aortic regurgitation, stenosis, whereas secondary — overall survival.

Results. The indications for the procedure were stenotic, regurgitant or mixed defect in 80 (49,1%), 38 (23,3%), and 45 (27,6%) patients, respectively. The 10-year survival rate was 99,4%. The mean follow-up was 3,6±1,8 years. Freedom from reoperation, recurrent moderate and greater aortic regurgitation, stenosis at 1,5 and 7 years was, 95%, 70% and 47%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, Trusler technique, leaflet extension, raphe shaving, use of patch, leaflet retraction, complexity of repair were predictors for composite outcome.

Conclusion. Reconstruction of aortic valve in children is effective and safe. Avoidance of predictors may significantly improve the long-term results of aortic valve repair.
PCSK9 inhibitors for in-hospital treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome and severe lipid metabolism disorders
Authors: Barbarash O. L. , Fedorova N. V. , Sedykh D. Yu. , Gruzdeva O. V. , Khryachkova O. N. , Kashtalap V. V. , Filimonova A. A.
Published: September 2020

Aim. To assess the efficacy and safety of PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab as part of a combination lipid-lowering therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Material and methods. This prospective, open-label, single-center activetreatment study included 13 patients hospitalized due to ACS. The main inclusion criterion was nonachievement of target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) values (<1,4 mmol/L) with high-intensity statin therapy prior to ACS. During the first 30 days after ACS, all patients received therapy with atorvastatin 40-80 mg/day or rosuvastatin 20-40 mg/day in combination with alirocumab 150 mg/ml (Praluent) administered by subcutaneous injection. Lipid and biochemical profiles were monitored. The first injection of the PCSK9 inhibitor was performed on days 3-5 of hospitalization, the second — after 2 weeks.

Results. On admission, the median LDL-C was 4,3 [3,5;5,3] mmol/L. A day after administration, there was a decrease in LDL-C by 41,9% (median 2,5 [1,8;3,2] mmol/L; p=0,001) without a negative effect on high-density lipoproteins (HDL-C) (median 1,2 [0,8;1,4] mmol/L; p=0,270). Before the next injection, LDL-C decreased by another 8% (median 2,3 [1,1;4,1] mmol/L). A day after the second injection, a decrease in LDL-C from the baseline values was 69,8% (median 1,3 [0,7;1,5] mmol/L; p=0,010). Strengthening lipid-lowering therapy with a PCSK9 inhibitor within 30 days after ACS did not lead to clinical and biochemical deterioration.

Conclusion. The use of subcutaneous 150-mg injections of alirocumab 2 times a week 30 days after ACS in patients who did not reach target LDL-C values with statin therapy, leads to a 69% decrease in LDL-C from baseline values and is safe.
Effects of SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Khasanov N. R.
Published: September 2020

SGLT2 inhibitors have been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and the development and decompensation of heart failure (HF) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The improved prognosis in HF may be related not only to the hypoglycemic effect of this drug class. The DAPA-HF study, which included patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction, demonstrated the benefit of dapagliflozin in reducing the risk of cardiovascular death and worsening HF, as well as improving HF symptoms compared to placebo, regardless of the presence of T2D and the recommended therapy for HF.
FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES PARA A JUSTIÇA SOCIAL: UMA REVISÃO DE ESTUDOS EMPÍRICOS
Authors: FERNANDES HELANE DE FÁTIMA GOMES , ANDRADE ANA ISABEL
Published: September 2020

RESUMO: Este estudo apresenta os resultados de uma análise de artigos publicados em revistas da área da Educação que relatam experiências de formação de professores para a justiça social. O objetivo é o de compreender como as formações docentes para a justiça social podem ser realizadas, a partir da identificação dos pressupostos teóricos que as fundamentam, das estratégias utilizadas e dos resultados alcançados por elas. A metodologia utilizada foi a da revisão sistemática de 10 artigos baseados em estudos empíricos, publicados entre 2009 e 2017, disponíveis para acesso livre em revistas acadêmicas da área. Após a seleção dos artigos, estes foram sujeitos a uma análise de conteúdo, o que possibilitou compreender práticas e princípios de formação docente para a justiça social. Os resultados mostram que as formações de professores para a justiça social se fundamentam em pedagogias de resistência, de caráter social e transformativo, para além de implicarem uma reflexão sobre a diversidade em diferentes níveis, sobre a educação multicultural e sobre as especificidades dos contextos educativos, exigindo dos formandos grande senso crítico.
AUTOEFICÁCIA MATEMÁTICA E MOTIVAÇÃO PARA APRENDER NA FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DE PEDAGOGOS
Authors: TOLENTINO JUCILEIDE DAS DORES LUCAS , FERREIRA ANA CRISTINA , TORISU EDMILSON MINORU
Published: September 2020

RESUMO: As crenças dos professores sobre sua própria capacidade de aprender Matemática podem influenciar a forma como se relacionam com essa disciplina, afetando tanto sua aprendizagem quanto a de seus alunos. Contudo, a relação que muitos futuros professores dos anos iniciais, estudantes de Pedagogia, estabelecem com a Matemática não é das mais positivas. No presente artigo, analisamos possíveis relações entre as crenças de autoeficácia matemática de um grupo de licenciandas em Pedagogia e sua motivação para aprender Matemática. O estudo se fundamentou nas noções de motivação para aprender e autoeficácia da Teoria Social Cognitiva. A metodologia, de abordagem qualitativa, envolveu uma pesquisa de intervenção da qual participaram oito licenciandas em Pedagogia de uma universidade pública do interior de Minas Gerais. Os dados foram produzidos por meio da observação de aulas de duas disciplinas de Matemática do referido curso, durante dois semestres, bem como de reuniões de um grupo de estudos constituído pela pesquisadora principal e as oito licenciandas; registros produzidos pelas participantes do estudo e questionário respondido pelas mesmas. Os resultados evidenciam que, após a intervenção, houve o fortalecimento das crenças de autoeficácia associados principalmente ao aumento da frequência de experiências de sucesso, além do desenvolvimento de uma relação mais favorável para a aprendizagem de Matemática. Além disso, há fortes indícios de aumento da motivação para aprender Matemática.
MÉTODOS ALTERNATIVOS AO USO DE ANIMAIS COMO RECURSO DIDÁTICO: UM NOVO PARAGIMA BIOÉTICO PARA O ENSINO DA ZOOLOGIA
Authors: FURLAN ANA LAURA DINIZ , FISCHER MARTA LUCIANE
Published: September 2020

RESUMO: A progressiva intolerância ao uso de animais como recurso didático conduziu à substituição de demonstrações invasivas, sendo questionada no ensino da zoologia, constituinte da formação de professores de ciências e biologia. Tendo como hipótese a incipiência da temática no meio científico e diferenças no cenário nacional e internacional, objetivou-se mapear a concepção do uso de métodos alternativos no contexto acadêmico e pedagógico. A análise quanti e qualitativa de 600 conteúdos atestou, no panorama internacional, a substituição animal relacionada principalmente à pesquisa biomédica. Nacionalmente, destacou-se no ensino, prioritariamente, alternativas ao uso de cães em aulas de técnica cirúrgica para o curso de Medicina Veterinária, sendo ainda escasso nos cursos de zoologia. Concomitantemente, a análise de 289 planos de aula de Zoologia evidenciou que as alternativas estão incorporadas, sendo mais pronunciadas para animais invertebrados, subsidiando a almejada transposição do pensamento tecnicista e utilitário de professores, alunos e sociedade.
Evidencia de Deducciones Erróneas y sus Posibles Efectos en el Aprendizaje Inicial del Concepto de Célula en la Escuela Primaria
Authors: Edelsztein Valeria Carolina , Galagovsky Lydia Raquel
Published: September 2020

Resumen: En este trabajo se han obtenido evidencias sobre dificultades para procesar información referida al concepto de célula en estudiantes de escuela primaria. Se identificaron posibles deducciones erróneas que podrían establecer estudiantes de 5to grado (10-11 años) que intentaran procesar cognitivamente, y por primera vez, la información de libros de texto escolares y del discurso docente sobre el tema y se diseñó un cuestionario con el objetivo de hallar evidencia de estas deducciones. Fue posible detectar algunas evidencias de construcción de modelos explicativos incipientes siendo destacable la aparición de modelos consistentes, pero científicamente incorrectos. Luego, se aplicó el mismo cuestionario a estudiantes de 6to y 7mo grado (11-13 años) y se observó que algunos patrones de respuesta se mantenían e, incluso, se afianzaban. Estos modelos podrían dar cuenta del origen de errores o dificultades en la comprensión del concepto célula en estudiantes de niveles educativos subsiguientes.
ARTICULANDO CONHECIMENTOS CIENTÍFICOS E PRÁTICOS SOBRE ÁCIDOS/ BASES: UMA ANÁLISE DE FORMAS DE FALAR E MODOS DE PENSAR DE LICENCIANDOS EM QUÍMICA E CABELEIREIRAS
Authors: SILVA FLÁVIA CRISTIANE VIEIRA DA , AMARAL EDENIA MARIA RIBEIRO DO
Published: September 2020

RESUMO: Este trabalho analisa formas de falar e modos de pensar sobre ácidos/bases a partir de significados construídos em duas situações distintas - na prática profissional de cabeleireiras, uma comunidade de prática, e na formação inicial de professores de química. A construção dos dados envolveu entrevistas individuais e semiestruturadas com cabeleireiras, e análise de relatórios e transcrição de falas de licenciandos quando relataram as suas interações com cabeleireiras, buscando identificar como elas compreendem ácidos/bases no contexto de tratamento capilar. Em geral, as cabeleireiras atribuem ao ácido sentidos não científicos associados a produtos para o cabelo usados na prática. No contexto acadêmico, foram identificados modos de pensar utilitarista/pragmático, substancialista, empirista, racionalista e relacional.