bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alignment of electrospun polymer fibers using a concave collector
Authors: Savva Ioanna , Evaggelou Eftychia , Papaparaskeva Georgia , Leontiou Theodoros , Stylianopoulos Triantafyllos , Mpekris Fotios , Stylianou Kypros , Krasia-Christoforou Theodora
Published: December 2015

We present a simple concept for producing electrospun aligned polymer fibers based on the use of a static concave collector. Alignment quantification with a Fourier transform method showed an up to 70% fiber alignment in the collector's center area.
The absorption and fluorescence emission spectra of meso-tetra(aryl)porphyrin dications with weak and strong carboxylic acids: a comparative study
Authors: Zakavi Saeed , Hoseini Saiedeh
Published: December 2015

The absorption and emission spectra, natural radiative lifetime, radiative rate constant (kr) and the non-radiative one (knr) of the dications of a series of meso-tetra(aryl)porphyrins with CF3COOH and HCOOH were studied and compared.
On the structure of high performance anticorrosive PMMA–siloxane–silica hybrid coatings
Authors: dos Santos Fábio C. , Harb Samarah V. , Menu Marie-Joëlle , Turq Viviane , Pulcinelli Sandra H. , Santilli Celso V. , Hammer Peter
Published: December 2015

Environmentally compliant organic–inorganic hybrid coatings for efficient corrosion protection of metallic surfaces are potential alternatives to the current method based on chromate passivation.
Synthesis and structure–property investigation of multi-arm oligothiophenes
Authors: Sen Choong Ping , Valiyaveettil Suresh
Published: December 2015

A series of soluble 3D-oligothiophenes with different conjugation lengths are synthesized and characterized. Physical properties and formation of charge transfer complexes of oligothiophenes with Hg(ii) ions and TCNQ are investigated.
Effect of coating composition on the anticorrosion performance of a silane sol–gel layer on mild steel
Authors: Foroozan E. A. , Naderi R.
Published: December 2015

In this study, the effect of coating composition on the protective performance of an eco-friendly silane sol–gel film applied on a mild steel substrate was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and surface analysis methods.
Graphitic carbon nitride for photocatalytic degradation of sulfamethazine in aqueous solution under simulated sunlight irradiation
Authors: Xiao Huahua , Zhu Junjiang , Thomas Arne
Published: December 2015

Graphitic carbon nitride is active and stable for sulfamethazine (SMT) degradation under simulated sunlight irradiation, with 70% SMT conversion obtained within 90 min and no loss of activity observed within 5 cycles.
Conductive microcapsules for self-healing electric circuits
Authors: Lai G. W. , Chang S. J. , Lee J. T. , Liu H. , Li C. C.
Published: December 2015

Well dispersed conductive microcapsules can be processed directly with inorganic-based Ag paste and perform high restoration efficiency for as-cast electrical circuits.
Paste-type thin-film transistors based on self-supported chitosan membranes
Authors: Wu Guodong , Xiao Hui
Published: December 2015

Self-supported chitosan-based proton-conducting membranes were used as both flexible substrates and gate dielectrics for paste-type TFTs with low-voltage operation and logic function.
Green, efficient and large-scale synthesis of benzimidazoles, benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles derivatives using ligand-free cobalt-nanoparticles: as potential anti-estrogen breast cancer agents, and study of their interactions with estrogen receptor by molecular docking
Authors: Hajipour Abdol R. , Khorsandi Zahra , Mortazavi Maryam , Farrokhpour Hossein
Published: December 2015

A facile and high yielding method for the synthesis of 2-aryl benzoxazoles, benzimidazole and benzothiazoles is reported employing cobalt oxide nanoparticles.
Decoration of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles on graphene oxide nanosheets
Authors: Bagherzadeh M. , Amrollahi M. A. , Makizadeh S.
Published: December 2015

This study focuses on covalent grafting of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to graphene oxide nanosheets (GNOS) via three different chemical routes.
A copper acetate/2-aminobenzenthiol complex supported on magnetite/silica nanoparticles as a highly active and recyclable catalyst for 1,2,3-triazole synthesis
Authors: Jafari Abbas Ali , Mahmoudi Hajar , Firouzabadi Habib
Published: December 2015

A novel and recoverable Cu(ii)/2-aminobenzenthiol complex immobilized on magnetite/silica nanoparticles catalyzed the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives ingreenmedia.
POSS-functionalized polyphosphazene nanotube: preparation and effective reinforcement on UV-curable epoxy acrylate nanocomposite coatings
Authors: Li Siyu , Qiu Shuilai , Yu Bin , Tang Gang , Xing Weiyi , Hu Yuan
Published: December 2015

This study presents an efficient method of preparing functionalized poly(cyclotriphosphazene-co-4,4′-sulfonyldiphenol) (PZS) nanotube reinforced UV-curable materials.
Synergistic effect between eosin Y and rhodamine B on a photoelectrode coated with Pt nanoparticle-decorated graphene
Authors: Wang Wenjiu , Kang Shi-Zhao , Wang Dong , Li Xiangqing , Qin Lixia , Mu Jin
Published: December 2015

A photoelectrochemical system containing eosin Y, rhodamine B and graphene loaded with Pt nanoparticles was fabricated. The synergistic effect between eosin Y and rhodamine B was explored using photoelectrochemical techniques.
Pure-shift IMPRESS EXSIDE – Easy measurement of 1H–13C scalar coupling constants with increased sensitivity and resolution
Authors: Ndukwe I. E. , Butts C. P.
Published: December 2015

Measuring long-range 1H–13C scalar coupling constants, nJCH, is made easier through improved sensitivity and resolution of the SelEXSIDE NMR experiment by incorporation of ‘pure-shift’ homonuclear decoupling and IMPRESS-Hadamard encoding.
Two-color imaging of microRNA with enzyme-free signal amplification via hybridization chain reactions in living cells
Authors: Li Lu , Feng Jie , Liu Haiyun , Li Qingling , Tong Lili , Tang Bo
Published: December 2015

Here, a non-destructive amplification strategy is developed to image miRNAs in living cells, utilizing the enzyme-free hybridization chain reaction (HCR) with graphene oxide (GO) as a carrier. This provides a new tool for highly sensitive and simultaneous imaging of multiple low-level biomarkers, improving the accuracy of early disease diagnosis.
Efficient nematode swimming in a shear thinning colloidal suspension
Authors: Park Jin-Sung , Kim Daeyeon , Shin Jennifer H. , Weitz David A.
Published: December 2015

The swimming behavior of a nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans(C. elegans) is investigated in a non-Newtonian shear thinning colloidal suspension.
Multiple yielding processes in a colloidal gel under large amplitude oscillatory stress
Authors: Gibaud Thomas , Perge Christophe , Lindström Stefan B. , Taberlet Nicolas , Manneville Sébastien
Published: December 2015

An initially solid colloidal gel submitted to an oscillatory stress shows complex space- and time-dependence that eventually leads to bulk fluidization with characteristic times consistent with both activated phenomena and Basquin law of fatigue.
Ultra-thin TiO2 nanosheets decorated with Pd quantum dots for high-efficiency hydrogen production from aldehyde solution
Authors: Li Shaopeng , Hu Hongyan , Bi Yingpu
Published: December 2015

We demonstrate that quantum-sized Pd dot-decorated ultra-thin anatase TiO2 nanosheets with exposed (001) facets exhibit a highly efficient catalytic activity for hydrogen generation from formaldehyde solution at room temperature.
Semitransparent superoleophobic coatings with low sliding angles for hot liquids based on silica nanotubes
Authors: Li Bucheng , Zhang Junping , Gao Ziqian , Wei Qingyun
Published: December 2015

Semitransparent superoleophobic coatings with low sliding angles for hot liquids are successfully prepared by fabrication of silica nanotubes on glass slides, and then modification with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane.
Tailoring re-entrant geometry in inverse colloidal monolayers to control surface wettability
Authors: Utech Stefanie , Bley Karina , Aizenberg Joanna , Vogel Nicolas
Published: December 2015

Two-dimensional nanopore arrays with adjustable re-entrant curvature are prepared from colloidal templating and used to pattern low-surface-tension liquids.
Reactive adsorption of mustard gas surrogate on zirconium (hydr)oxide/graphite oxide composites: the role of surface and chemical features
Authors: Giannakoudakis Dimitrios A. , Mitchell Joshua K. , Bandosz Teresa J.
Published: December 2015

Zirconium (hydr)oxide/graphite oxide composites are efficient media for the selective detoxification of mustard gas surrogate, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, at ambient conditions.
A shape memory supercapacitor and its application in smart energy storage textiles
Authors: Huang Yang , Zhu Minshen , Pei Zengxia , Xue Qi , Huang Yan , Zhi Chunyi
Published: December 2015

A uniquely shaped NiTi memory supercapacitor is fabricated and is further woven into a shape memory energy storage textile. With that amazing textile, a powerful and unconstrained design could be achieved (e.g.a smart energy storage cloth).
The preparation and characterization of nitric oxide releasing silicone rubber materials impregnated with S-nitroso-tert-dodecyl mercaptan
Authors: Ketchum Alex R. , Kappler Michael P. , Wu Jianfeng , Xi Chuanwu , Meyerhoff Mark E.
Published: December 2015

Silicone rubber catheters impregnated with S-nitroso-tert-dodecylmercaptan demonstrate long term NO release, minimal leaching, considerable antimicrobial activity, and reasonable storage stability.
Blue AIEgens: approaches to control the intramolecular conjugation and the optimized performance of OLED devices
Authors: Yang Jie , Huang Jing , Li Qianqian , Li Zhen
Published: December 2015

This review summarizes the recent progress in the field of blue AIEgens, mainly focusing on design strategies to control the intramolecular conjugation effect and to realize blue emission.
Integration of aggregation-induced emission and delayed fluorescence into electronic donor–acceptor conjugates
Authors: Gan Shifeng , Luo Wenwen , He Bairong , Chen Long , Nie Han , Hu Rongrong , Qin Anjun , Zhao Zujin , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: December 2015

Aggregation-induced emission and delayed fluorescence are observed simultaneously for the luminogens with an electron-donor and acceptor framework.
Phosphate minerals in granitic pegmatites from the Mount Wills District, north-eastern Victoria
Authors: Eagle Ryan M. , Birch William D. , McKnight Stafford
Published: December 2015

Tin- and tantalum-bearing LCT-type granitic pegmatites occur in a 45 km long belt between Eskdale and Mount Wills in north-eastern Victoria. Near Mount Wills, several compositionally zoned rare-element pegmatites contain complex assemblages of primary and secondary phosphate minerals, many of which are rare and previously unrecorded in Victoria. The phosphate assemblages can be divided into Al-rich and Fe–Mn-rich suites, in addition to ubiquitous fluorapatite. The Al-rich phosphate suite includes montebrasite, scorzalite, bertossaite and brazilianite. The Fe‒Mn phosphate suite includes heterosite, phosphoferrite, wolfeite, alluaudite (sp.), arrojadite (sp.) and jahnsite (sp.), derived from the metasomatic alteration of primary triplite. Further hydrothermal alteration of this assemblage has resulted in a secondary suite of strengite, rockbridgeite, phosphosiderite, whiteite, jahnsite and whitmoreite forming in etch cavities and fractures. A Late Silurian age of 420±4 Ma was obtained from one of the dykes via CHIME radiometric dating of monazite, suggesting a similar age for the adjacent Mount Wills Granite, which has not been reliably dated. This highly fractionated, peraluminous granite is presumed to be the source of the rare-element pegmatites based on their close spatial relationship.
The Middle–Late Pleistocene Bridgewater Formation on Cape Bridgewater, south-western Victoria: chronostratigraphy and palaeoclimatic significance
Authors: Lipar Matej , Webb John
Published: December 2015

The Pleistocene Bridgewater Formation is well exposed at Cape Bridgewater and surrounding areas in south-western Victoria, where field studies, mineralogical and isotopic analyses and OSL dating have shown that it can be divided into three members, here named (in stratigraphic order) the Descartes Bay, Bats Ridge and Duquesne members. Each member consists of aeolian calcarenite deposited as a coastal dune, that was karstified (with solution pipe development) and then overlain by a red or purple palaeosol. The aeolianites were deposited in three distinct phases corresponding to interglacials MIS 11, MIS 9 and MIS 7, respectively, when the shoreline was near present sea level. Karstification occurred as a result of the high effective precipitation characteristic of the transition between interglacial and glacial periods, followed by aeolian dust accession and palaeosol formation during the drier, windier glacial climates. Comparison with the coeval Tamala Limestone in south-western Western Australia shows simultaneous changes in palaeoclimate: high effective precipitation during the transition from MIS 11 to MIS 10, and a relatively dry transition from MIS 9 to MIS 8. Abundant rainfall during MIS 5 caused extensive limestone dissolution (solution pipes in Victoria, pinnacles in Western Australia) and the resulting quartz sand residue was redeposited during MIS 2-4.
Translation theory
Authors: Agost Rosa , Ordóñez López Pilar
Published: December 2015

Translation Studies is an academic discipline that has managed to establish itself as such thanks to the research and theoretical reflection on its main object of study, i.e. translation. Yet, given the applied nature of this field, there is some disagreement as to whether translation theory is relevant in the practice of translation. The never-ending battle between these two dimensions of the discipline has given rise to a series of myths and prejudices concerning Translation Studies that extend into both the sphere of translation as a profession and the academic context. Although a number of authors have highlighted the contributions that translation theory has to offer in the training of translators (Gile 1995, 2010; Chesterman and Wagner 2002; Munday 2012), Translation theory usually plays a secondary role in the curricula of Spanish universities. At the same time, students’ attitude towards the more theoretical subjects seems to be one of rejection. Here we conduct an empirical study to analyse the preconceptions that Translation and Interpreting (T&I) undergraduate and post-graduate students have concerning the usefulness and benefits of translation theory in their training.
Offensive language and sociocultural homogeneity in Singapore
Authors: Tien Adrian
Published: December 2015

Offensive language use in Singapore’s languacultures appears to be underpinned by cultural norms and values embraced by most if not all Singaporeans. Interviews with local informants and perusal of Singapore’s linguistic and cultural resources led to the identification of eight offensive words and phrases deemed representative of Singaporean coarseness. This set was narrowed down to a smaller set of common words and phrases, all Chinese Hokkien, all culturally laden. The finding that, although originally Hokkien, all of them are accessible not only to the Chinese-speaking population but also to speakers of Singapore Malay, Singapore Tamil, and Singapore English is compelling. The words and phrases studied in this paper are full-fledged members of the lexicon of these local non-Chinese languages, without loss or distortion of meaning. They are accepted as part of the local linguistic scene and of local cultural knowledge. At least in certain situations, people of different ethnic backgrounds who live and work together can rely on them as a testament of common identity which, in a curious way, gives voice to the sociocultural homogeneity this society unrelentingly pursues.
The Trinidadian ‘Theory of Mind’
Authors: Levisen Carsten , Jogie Melissa Reshma
Published: December 2015

In this paper, we study the cultural semantics of the personhood constructmindin Trinidadian creole.We analyze the lexical semantics of the word and explore the wider cultural meanings of the concept in contrastive comparison with the Anglo concept. Our analysis demonstrates that the Anglo concept is a cognitively oriented construct with a semantic configuration based on ‘thinking’ and ‘knowing’, whereas the Trinidadianmindis a moral concept configured around perceptions of ‘good’ and ‘bad’. We further explore the Trinidadian moral discourse ofbad mindandgood mind, and articulate a set of cultural scripts for the cultural values linked with personhood in the Trinidadian context. Taking a postcolonial approach to the semantics of personhood, we critically engage with Anglo-international discourses ofthe mind, exposing the conceptual stranglehold of the colonial language (i.e., English) and its distorting semantic grip on global discourse. We argue that creole categories of values and personhood — such as the Trinidadian concept ofmind— provide a new venue for criticalmindstudies as well as for new studies in creole semantics and cultural diversity.
Tall poppies in the land down under
Authors: Peeters Bert
Published: December 2015

Most EFL curricula, irrespective of the variety of English they seek to impart, have little time for cultural values, focusing instead on “Culture with a capital C,” i.e., history, geography, cultural heritage, folklore, etc. Applied ethnolinguistics is a relatively new framework that has been developed to curb the trend. It consists of a number of pathways that can be replicated by advanced language students eager to increase their awareness of potentially unfamiliar cultural values. One of the pathways, ethnorhetorics (the study of culturally salient figures of speech), will be illustrated here with data drawn from Australian English. The focus will be on the tall poppy metaphor. A few hints at its cultural salience and a brief look at where tall poppies are typically found will be followed by a more linguistically oriented analysis. On the basis of the evidence gathered, we will formulate a hypothesis about cultural values which (at least from the students’ point of view) is in need of further corroboration. This requires a different pathway, known as ethnoaxiology, which will not be illustrated in this paper; a few pointers will be provided instead.
Diabetes knowledge in health communication research
Authors: Mohamad Emma , Hamzah Mohd Rezal , Mohamed Salleh Sabariah , Ahmad Abdul Latiff
Published: December 2015

This paper reviews systematically measurements used in past studies on diabetes and explore how these measurements can be improved for future studies conducted in Malaysia. Diabetes is chosen in reflection of the seriousness of this disease in Asian region and acknowledging how knowledge can serve as an important tool in health self management. 11 out of 561 articles were identified for analytical purposes in tandem with the observed theme; measurement of knowledge for diabetic patients. Out of these 11 studies, eight studies were conducted in Asia. Further exploration on the items used to measure knowledge uncover critical need to include dimension of cultural knowledge on diabetes among patients, as opposed to focussing only on scientific health knowledge items. Measuring cultural knowledge of diabetes helps researchers understand holistically about patients’ interpretation of their illness and how patients assess risks in relation to their health choices. When dealing with non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, knowledge serves as a vital tool to empower patients, increase self efficacy and instill self confidence for them to make the right health decisions. However, in facing the 21st century, the challenge is not just to measure how much medical information people have, but also being able to measure cultural knowledge and how to use this knowledge to reach out effectively to patients through health promotion. By measuring people’s cultural knowledge on diabetes accurately, researchers can learn how to improve treatment and increase health literacy in general throughout Asia.
“Gossip makes us one”
Authors: Lu Pei Hua
Published: December 2015

Intergroup marriage has been widely used as an indicator to predict the social integration of immigrants. The assumption is that higher rates of intergroup marriage represent more harmonious outcome of an integrated society. As compared to the U.S., first and 1.5 generation immigrants in Canada have been found to be less likely to intermarry, and their cultural preference of a spouse of the same race/ethnicity has been argued to be the key factor. However, the process of how these immigrants’ cultural preference is maintained in a multicultural context requires exploration. This study elaborates on the role of gossip in the process of the maintaining of ethnic boundaries among recent immigrants using the case of Taiwanese immigrants in Canada. With an examination of their attitudes toward intergroup marriage, the results of the role of gossip indicate, 1) the seemingly impermeable ethnic boundaries established by recent immigrants can be challenged and modified through gossip, and 2) gossip makes the process of integration possible along both horizontal (i.e., coethnic peer of the same cohort) and vertical (i.e., parents to children and vice versa) axis within the same race/ethnic group of immigrants.
The in-group and out-groups of the British National Party and the UK Independence Party
Authors: Engström Robin , Paradis Carita
Published: December 2015

This article investigates the self-presentation and the construction of immigration discourses in articles and policy documents published by the British National Party (BNP) and the UK Independence Party (UKIP). By combining corpus analysis with the Discourse-Historical Approach to Critical Discourse Analysis, a picture emerges of two parties whose use of language is governed by the same principle of differentiation. Fundamental to the BNP’s and UKIP’s language is the dichotomy in-group/out-group. The in-group analysis investigates the parties’ choice of form of self-representation, claims to unique competence, denial of attributes and mutual perception. The out-group analysis shows how the parties construct immigration, and focuses on the aspects of legal status, quantification and origin. The analyses suggest considerable lexical and conceptual similarities in both in-group and out-group formation.
Changing politics, changing language
Authors: Ceron Andrea
Published: December 2015

This paper examines the changes in political language that occurred after 1989 in Italy and focuses on textual documents drafted by intra-party subgroups between 1946 and 2010 that were related to the internal debates of Italian political parties. These documents, which are addressed to party members and activists rather than the wider public, have been analyzed through quantitative text analysis of word frequencies. The results confirm that a few relevant changes occurred that involve the lexicon, tone, and content of messages. However, concepts such as left and right are still relevant, and we observed neither a strong decline in the use of ideological terms nor a wider usage of populist words. Despite the growing personalization of politics, the main political leaders are not frequently mentioned, with two exceptions: Prodi and Berlusconi. Overall, there is a distance between intra-party politics and the logic of entertainment.
Balkan War of Apologies
Authors: Vuković Milica , Bratić Vesna
Published: December 2015

After the war in ex-Yugoslavia subsided in the mid-90s, another war – this time a virtual one – broke out: the war of Balkan apologies. It refers to a decade-long series of apologies for participation in the conflict and the crimes committed during the war, as well as demanding the other parties to counter-apologise. The paper analyses all 19 apologies delivered by the top-ranking statesmen for their country’s/nation’s role in the conflict, which were delivered between 2000 and 2010. Their content is critically examined and wider social and political context is taken into account. The analysis points to the strengths and weaknesses of the apologies issued and dwells on their functions and the factors that have shaped them. The conclusion is that although the apologies are lacking in a number of ways, both contents-wise and regarding the manner they were delivered in, they might have been beneficial and could have had a role in reconciliating the ghosts of the past, present and future.
Metaphorical Conceptualization of Migration Control Laws
Authors: Pinero-Pinero Gracia , Moore John
Published: December 2015

This article analyzes the way in which migration control laws are metaphorically conceptualized in the voices of individuals who demonstrate emotional solidarity with irregular immigrants. The metaphors studied are shown to constitute a coherent conceptual corpus that reveals their users’ ideology. These metaphors present a cultural narrative that affects the moral consideration of the characters involved in the story. They also reflect the perception of those who feel oppressed by the dominant social group and therefore, they are narratives of oppression, in juxtaposition to the narratives of hegemony that can be identified in the metaphors used in hostile political speeches against this social group.
The financial crisis as a heart attack
Authors: Pühringer Stephan , Hirte Katrin
Published: December 2015

The article analyzes the role of economists in public discourse with regard to the financial crisis. Specifically, it focuses on the prevailing rhetorical strategies and the economic convictions of leading German-speaking economists as they appear in seven leading newspapers and magazines in the German-speaking area. Special attention is given to the prevailing rationales and explanations for the financial crisis as well as on the metaphors used for describing specific economic events in particular and the market economy in general. The results of this article show that while the financial crisis could have offered a possibility for a paradigm shift in economic thinking, there is not much evidence for such a shift among German-speaking economists. The observed stability of the dominant paradigm is attributed primarily to the very stable role of certain basic economic convictions, which are exposed through the use of specific metaphors as well as a characterization of the financial crisis as a series of extraordinary and exogenously given events. (e.g. “a tsunami” or “earthquake”)
La variation dans les Constructions Verbales Figées de l’espagnol d’Amérique
Authors: Mogorrón Huerta Pedro
Published: December 2015

Traditionally, research papers on fixed expressions emphasize the fact that those sequences are fixed compared to constructions with free components. After one study which was carried out in 2010 through which we were able to prove that a considerable number of verbal fixed expressions in common Peninsular Spanish allow changes in some of their components without causing a change in the meaning and maintaining their fixed state, in this paper we analyze verbal fixed expressions in the Latin American Spanish variety. This analysis allows us to observe the modes of variation in the Latin American Spanish verbal fixed expressions (paradigm, lexic, morphology, grammar) by following the same patterns and syntactic structures as in common Penninsular Spanish which we find in the case of diatopic expressions formed in the verbal fixed expressions of common Penninsular Spanish as well as in new diatopic verbal fixed expressions. The fact that there are so many verbal fixed expressions in the Latin American Spanish variety and also that this number will only increase in the near future reinforces the idea that we should create very complete data bases.
Les mexicanismes entre variante et langue
Authors: Meneses-Lerín Luis
Published: December 2015

In this article, we will demonstrate that the phraseology plays a major role in creating Mexicanisms. We will present in the first place two lexicological works which take positions on Mexican Spanish’s status: “variation” or “language” in its own right. Then, we will demonstrate that most of mexicanisms are in a zone which includes the phraseology. We will show at the end that the mechanism of frozenness lies behind the Mexicanisms’ creation. The prototype Diccionario de contextos de uso de fraseologismos that we will present will allow us to study the morphosyntactic, syntactico-semantic and pragmatic characteristics of the phraseological unities.
Making scents of the landscape
Authors: Pennycook Alastair , Otsuji Emi
Published: December 2015

Moving away from logocentric studies of the linguistic landscape, this paper explores the relations between linguascapes and smellscapes. Often regarded as the least important of our senses, smell is an important means by which we relate to place. Based on an olfactory ethnography of a multicultural suburb in Sydney, we show how the intersection of people, objects, activities and senses make up the spatial repertoire of a place. We thus take a broad view of the semiotic landscape, including more than the visual and the intentional, and suggest that we are interpellated by smells as part of a broader relation to space and place. Understanding the semiotics of the urban smellscape in associational terms, we therefore argue not merely that smell has generally been overlooked in semiotic landscapes, nor that this can be rectified by an expanded inventory of sensory signs, but rather that the interpellative and associational roles of smells invite us towards an alternative semiotics of time and place.
The languages of places of worship in the Kuala Lumpur area
Authors: Coluzzi Paolo , Kitade Rie
Published: December 2015

This article presents the results of a piece of research on the languages used in places of worship carried out in the Kuala Lumpur area (Malaysia). Seven different places of worship were selected (a mosque, a Sikh gurdwara, two churches, a Chinese temple, a Hindu temple and a Theravada Buddhist temple) and brief interviews were carried out involving people with an official position within those institutions, while at the same time digital pictures were taken of all the signs present within the compounds where the places of worship were located. A brief survey was also carried out to gauge the believers’ attitudes towards the languages used in the signs photographed. After a general introduction on Malaysia and its linguistic repertoire and on the religions found in the country, the methodology employed is described in detail and the results are presented. There follows an in-depth discussion of the results and some general remarks on official language policies and the position of English.
The performativity of the body
Authors: Dimitris Kitis E. , Milani Tommaso M.
Published: December 2015

This article explores the “performativity of the body” (Butler, 2011) using ‘anarchic’ and ‘anti-authoritarian’ protests in Greece as empirical starting points. We analyze the ways in which bodies speak politically by producing spatial turbulence in interaction with other bodies, and the materiality of urban environments. In doing so, we seek to contribute to the expansion of linguistic landscape scholarship into what Peck and Stroud (2015) call corporeal sociolinguistics. Our analysis of platform events (supermarket expropriations, smashing of CCTV-cameras, inscriptions of urban surfaces) and confrontational encounters (bloc formations, “dous”) illustrates spatial and affective tactics through which bodies in movement contest economic and political arrangements by appropriating, re-configuring and re-signifying sections of urban spaces.
The importance of chance and interactivity in creativity
Authors: Kirsh David
Published: December 2015

Individual creativity is standardly treated as an ‘internalist’ process occurring solely in the head. An alternative, more
interactionist view is presented here, where working with objects, media and other external things is seen as a fundamental
component of creative thought. The value of chance interaction and chance cueing — practices widely used in the creative arts — is
explored briefly in an account of the creative method of choreographer Wayne McGregor and then more narrowly in an experimental
study that compared performance on a Scrabble-like word discovery problem. Subjects were presented with seven letters and given
two minutes to call out three-to-seven-letter English words. There were three conditions: The tiles were fixed in place, subjects
were free to move the tiles manually or the tiles could be randomly shuffled. Results showed that random shuffling was best, with
manual movement second. Three reasons are provided: Shuffling is faster and cheaper than mentally thinking of candidates;
randomizing strings covers the search space better than a deterministic method based on past successes; and randomizing is
equivalent to adding diversity to a team, which is known empirically to lead to more creative solutions.
Insight, interactivity and materiality
Authors: Vallee-Tourangeau Frederic
Published: December 2015

The popular iconography of insight casts a thinker as he or she uncoils from a Rodin pose and a bulb that lights a world hitherto
hidden. By and large, these features of folk mythology capture and guide how psychologists conduct research on insight: Mental
processes — some of which may be unconscious — transform an inceptive abstract representation of the world until it prescribes a
fruitful solution to a problem. Yet thinking and problem solving outside the laboratory involve interacting with external
resources, and through this interactivity with a material world, solutions are distilled. Still, laboratory work on problem
solving pays scant and largely indifferent attention to interactivity: Sometimes problems are presented as riddles or static
graphical or diagrammatic images, or sometimes they are accompanied by artefacts that can be manipulated (and sometimes
interactivity is possible for some problems but not others within a set of problems over which performance is indiscriminately
amalgamated). The research methodology — and indifference to the central role of interactivity in thinking — follows from a
deep-seated commitment to mentalism and methodological individualism. However, a thinker is an embodied creature embedded in a
physical world: The materiality of external resources and artefacts through which problems manifest themselves inevitably
determines a set of action affordances. From a systemic perspective, thinking is traceable along a contingent spatio-temporal
itinerary wrought by interactivity and evidenced by changes in the world.
Technical cognition, working memory and creativity
Authors: Wynn Thomas , Coolidge Frederick L.
Published: December 2015

This essay explores the nature and neurological basis of creativity in technical production. After presenting a model of expert technical cognition based in cognitive anthropology and cognitive psychology, the authors propose that craft production has three inherent sources of novelty — procedural drift, serendipitous error and fiddling. However, these are quite limited in their creative potential, which may help explain the virtual absence of innovation over the long millennia of the Palaeolithic. Innovation can be far more rapid and effective via invention, which requires folk theories of causation and adequate working memory capacity, all fairly recent evolutionary developments. The neurological basis of expert technical cognition lies in well-known cortical and sub-cortical structures, but recent research has established a provocative role for the cerebellum in the formulation of novel arrangements.
A developmental approach to ancient innovation
Authors: Knappett Carl , van der Leeuw Sander
Published: December 2015

In this paper, we view creativity through the lens of innovation, a concept familiar to archaeologists across a range of contexts and theoretical perspectives. Most attempts to understand ancient innovation thus far, we argue, have been limited by their lack of capacity to cope with the multiple scales of innovation: Those that track widespread changes, like the beginnings of metallurgy, fail to account for the changes experiences by individual craftspeople; those that do justice to the details of the micro-scale, with ‘thick’ description, cannot well explain the regional adoption of new practices. Here we develop an intermediary position, at the meso-scale, which we hope can serve to integrate these different scales. It is based on the notions that all innovation entails learning (and hence cognitive transformations) and that learning is very often supported at this meso-scale, through ‘communities of practice’. Drawing on the ethno-archaeological literature in particular, we emphasise how learning is a process of embodied cognition. Our archaeological case study is then drawn from the Bronze Age east Mediterranean, where a striking innovation in pottery making — the use of rotative kinetic energy via the potter’s wheel — sees a very uneven uptake from region to region over the course of many centuries. We propose certain differences in community organization from one region to another that might account for such variation in the adoption of an innovation, with the island of Crete in particular seeing a much more stable trajectory of adoption than many of its neighbouring areas.
The creativity of undergoing
Authors: Ingold Timothy
Published: December 2015

Creativity is often portrayed as an X-factor that accounts for the spontaneous generation of the absolutely new. Yet the obsession with novelty implies a focus on final products and a retrospective attribution of their forms to unprecedented ideas in the minds of individuals, at the expense of any recognition of the form-generating potentials of the relations and processes in which persons and things are made and grown. In these processes, practitioners are characteristically called upon to copy the works of past masters. However, though they may be guided by a script or score, every practitioner has to improvise his or her own passage through the array of tasks the performance entails. With examples from music, calligraphy and lace-making, I show that the wellsprings of creativity lie not inside people’s heads, but in their attending upon a world in formation. In this kind of creativity, undergone rather than done, imagination is not so much the capacity to come up with new ideas as the aspirational impulse of a life that is not just lived but led. But where it leads is not yet given. In opening to the unknown — in exposure — imagination leads not by mastery but by submission. Thus the creativity of undergoing, of action without agency, is that of life itself.
Diagrammatic reasoning
Authors: Tylén Kristian , Fusaroli Riccardo , Bjørndahl Johanne Stege , Raczaszek-Leonardi Joanna , Østergaard Svend , Stjernfelt Frederik
Published: December 2015

Many types of everyday and specialized reasoning depend on diagrams: we use maps to find our way, we draw graphs and sketches to communicate concepts and prove geometrical theorems, and we manipulate diagrams to explore new creative solutions to problems. The active involvement and manipulation of representational artifacts for purposes of thinking and communicating is discussed in relation to C.S. Peirce’s notion of diagrammatical reasoning. We propose to extend Peirce’s original ideas and sketch a conceptual framework that delineates different kinds of diagram manipulation: Sometimes diagrams are manipulated in order to profile known information in an optimal fashion. At other times diagrams are explored in order to gain new insights, solve problems or discover hidden meaning potentials. The latter cases often entail manipulations that either generate additional information or extract information by means of abstraction. Ideas are substantiated by reference to ethnographic, experimental and historical examples.
A tale of two intentions
Authors: Sanders Robert E.
Published: December 2015

Speaker intention is conceptualized as a property of utterances in context, not speakers; it is based on communally shared knowledge of discursive means to ends. The article’s main theoretical claim is that utterances, in addition to being produced with an intention about their pragmatic meaning, are also produced with an intention to bring about some post-interactional end result. Both types of intention bear on the utterance’s pragmatic meaning. Empirical aspects of the theoretical difference between these two types of speaker intention are shown through analysis of naturally occurring interactions; here, the analytical focus is on the scope, interdependence, recognizability, and fulfillment of each type of intention, with special attention to the functionality of an utterance’s content, composition, and sequential placement as a means of getting a response from the interlocutor(s) that goes along with what the speaker intends as regards the end result of the interaction.
Manipulation by deliberate failure of communication
Authors: Azuelos-Atias Sol
Published: December 2015

This work studies manipulative use of language that can be called “deliberate failure of communication”; I characterize this kind of manipulation and show that it can be found in the discourse of marketing experts and legal professionals. Relying on relevance theory, I show that manipulation of this kind takes advantage of what van Dijk calls the “context model” of the addressees. I exemplify two ways in which the context models of some of the discourse’s participants might be misused in order to manipulate them. One way is exemplified by a text from an advertisement, the other by a text from a criminal court file. I propose, finally, that the analysis supports van Dijk’s view that social, discursive, and epistemic inequalities reproduce one another in a kind of vicious circle. It suggests, in van Dijk’s terms, that manipulation by deliberate failure of communication is a discriminatory use of language employed by elite groups in order to reproduce their social power.
Coordinating talk and practical action
Authors: Oshima Sae , Streeck Jürgen
Published: December 2015

This paper investigates how talk and practical action are coordinated during one type of activity involving professional communication: the service-­assessment sequence in hair salons. During this activity, a practical inspection of the haircut must be coupled with sequentially produced verbal acts. Our analysis of four examples reveals that there is no fixed relationship between the organization of talk and practical action. Instead, people manipulate this relationship on a moment-by-moment basis, often coordinating the two into a single, integral package, or relying on one stream of action to achieve progress in the other. These findings imply that some multimodal activities that are brought into alignment may have their own, separate and independent procedural logic and sequencing patterns and that these can be brought into play to create or deal with constraints in each other.
Building rapport through sequentially linked joke-serious responses in Second Language job interviews
Authors: Okada Yusuke
Published: December 2015

This study aims to explicate interviewer and candidate conversational practices in L2 job interviews as they relate to the assessment of a candidate’s qualification for a particular position. The data consisted of 27 audio-recorded job interviews for the position of student assistant in English classes at a Japanese university. The analysis of these interactional data, conducted using conversational analysis methodology, revealed that the inadequacy of a candidate’s response is constructed by means of the interviewer’s subsequent pursuit of a relevant answer from the candidate. In addition, a candidate’s ability to build rapport by providing sequentially linked joke-serious responses evoked a positive evaluation from the interviewer. The findings indicate that a candidate’s understanding of expected behaviors and ability to accommodate his or her behaviors in a manner relevant to the interaction result in a positive assessment.
Synchronic requirements and diachronic permissions
Authors: Broome John
Published: December 2015

Reasoning is an activity of ours by which we come to satisfy synchronic requirements of rationality. However, reasoning itself is regulated by diachronic permissions of rationality. For each synchronic requirement there appears to be a corresponding diachronic permission, but the requirements and permissions are not related to each other in a systematic way. It is therefore a puzzle how reasoning according to permissions can systematically bring us to satisfy requirements.
Yeast pex1 cells contain peroxisomal ghosts that import matrix proteins upon reintroduction of Pex1
Authors: Knoops Kèvin , de Boer Rinse , Kram Anita , van der Klei Ida J.
Published: December 2015

Pex1 and Pex6 are two AAA-ATPases that play a crucial role in peroxisome biogenesis. We have characterized the ultrastructure of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae peroxisome-deficient mutants pex1 and pex6 by various high-resolution electron microscopy techniques. We observed that the cells contained peroxisomal membrane remnants, which in ultrathin cross sections generally appeared as double membrane rings. Electron tomography revealed that these structures consisted of one continuous membrane, representing an empty, flattened vesicle, which folds into a cup shape. Immunocytochemistry revealed that these structures lack peroxisomal matrix proteins but are the sole sites of the major peroxisomal membrane proteins Pex2, Pex10, Pex11, Pex13, and Pex14. Upon reintroduction of Pex1 in Pex1-deficient cells, these peroxisomal membrane remnants (ghosts) rapidly incorporated peroxisomal matrix proteins and developed into peroxisomes. Our data support earlier views that Pex1 and Pex6 play a role in peroxisomal matrix protein import.
Interfering with VE-PTP stabilizes endothelial junctions in vivo via Tie-2 in the absence of VE-cadherin
Authors: Frye Maike , Dierkes Martina , Küppers Verena , Vockel Matthias , Tomm Janina , Zeuschner Dagmar , Rossaint Jan , Zarbock Alexander , Koh Gou Young , Peters Kevin , Nottebaum Astrid Fee , Vestweber Dietmar
Published: December 2015

Vascular endothelial (VE)–protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) associates with VE-cadherin, thereby supporting its adhesive activity and endothelial junction integrity. VE-PTP also associates with Tie-2, dampening the tyrosine kinase activity of this receptor that can support stabilization of endothelial junctions. Here, we have analyzed how interference with VE-PTP affects the stability of endothelial junctions in vivo. Blocking VE-PTP by antibodies, a specific pharmacological inhibitor (AKB-9778), and gene ablation counteracted vascular leak induction by inflammatory mediators. In addition, leukocyte transmigration through the endothelial barrier was attenuated. Interference with Tie-2 expression in vivo reversed junction-stabilizing effects of AKB-9778 into junction-destabilizing effects. Furthermore, lack of Tie-2 was sufficient to weaken the vessel barrier. Mechanistically, inhibition of VE-PTP stabilized endothelial junctions via Tie-2, which triggered activation of Rap1, which then caused the dissolution of radial stress fibers via Rac1 and suppression of nonmuscle myosin II. Remarkably, VE-cadherin gene ablation did not abolish the junction-stabilizing effect of the VE-PTP inhibitor. Collectively, we conclude that inhibition of VE-PTP stabilizes challenged endothelial junctions in vivo via Tie-2 by a VE-cadherin–independent mechanism. In the absence of Tie-2, however, VE-PTP inhibition destabilizes endothelial barrier integrity in agreement with the VE-cadherin–supportive effect of VE-PTP.