bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluvial and permafrost history of the lower Lena River, north‐eastern Siberia, over late Quaternary time
Authors: Schwamborn Georg , Schirrmeister Lutz , Mohammadi Ali , Meyer Hanno , Kartoziia Andrei , Maggioni Flavio , Strauss Jens
Published: September 2022

Arctic warming and permafrost thaw visibly expose changes in the landscape of the Lena River delta, the largest Arctic delta. Determining the past and modern river regime of thick deltaic deposits shaping the Lena River mouth in north‐eastern Siberia is critical for understanding the history of delta formation and carbon sequestration. Using a 65 m long sediment core from the delta apex a set of sedimentological techniques is applied to aid in reconstructing the Lena River history. The analysis includes: (i) grain‐size measurements and the determination of the bedload composition; (ii) X‐ray fluorescence, X‐ray diffractometry, and magnetic susceptibility measurements and heavy mineral analysis for tracking mineral change; (iii) pH, electrical conductivity, ionic concentrations, and the δ18O and δD stable isotope composition from ground ice for reconstructing permafrost formation. In addition; (iv) total and dissolved organic carbon is assessed. Chronology is based on; (vi) radiocarbon dating of organic material (accelerator mass spectrometry and conventional) and is complemented by two infrared – optically stimulated luminescence dates. The record stretches back approximately to Marine Isotope Stage 7. It holds periods from traction, over saltation, to suspension load sedimentation. Minerogenic signals do not indicate provenance change over time. They rather reflect the change from high energy to a lower energy regime after Last Glacial Maximum time parallel to the fining‐up grain‐size trend. A prominent minimum in the ground ice stable isotope record at early Holocene highlights that a river arm migration and an associated refreeze of the underlying river talik has altered the isotopic composition at that time. Fluvial re‐routing might be explained by internal dynamics in the Lena River lowland or due to a tectonic movement, since the study area is placed in a zone of seismic activity. At the southern Laptev Sea margin, onshore continental compressional patterns are bordering offshore extensional normal faults.
A conceptual validation of transformative learning theory
Authors: Stuckey Heather L. , Peyrot Mark , Conway Riana , Taylor Edward W.
Published: September 2022

Objectives

The aim of this study is to evaluate the integrated transformative learning theory and quantitative measurement model developed by Stuckey and colleagues in 2013.

Methods

The Transformative Leaning Survey (TLS) was administered as a cross‐sectional web survey to 467 respondents recruited from a variety of sources. The questionnaire includes four transformative learning outcome measures (acting differently, deeper self‐awareness, holding more open perspectives, experiencing a deep shift in worldview) and 14 transformative learning process measures in three domains (extra‐rational, rational, social critique).

Results

The majority of respondents were female (73.7 percent), white (70.7 percent), with a graduate degree (57.2 percent), and professional employment (56.1 percent); the median age was 35–44. Reliabilities (alpha) of TLS scales ranged from 0.68 to 0.91 (median = 0.78). Multivariate regression identified two rational process factors (Action, Disorienting Dilemma) and two social critique process factors (Empowerment, Unveiling Oppression) that had significant (p
< 0.05) positive independent associations with multiple transformative learning outcome measures; no extra‐rational process measures were significant.

Conclusions

This study replicates, validates, and extends the development of the Transformative Leaning Survey and advances transformative learning theory by identifying drivers of transformative learning outcomes. Further quantitative, qualitative, and mixed method research on transformative learning is needed.
Transcriptional responses to gibberellin in the maize tassel and control by DELLA domain proteins
Authors: Best Norman B. , Dilkes Brian P.
Published: September 2022

The plant hormone gibberellin (GA) impacts plant growth and development differently depending on the developmental context. In the maize (Zea mays) tassel, application of GA alters floral development, resulting in the persistence of pistils. GA signaling is achieved by the GA‐dependent turnover of DELLA domain transcription factors, encoded by dwarf8 (d8) and dwarf9 (d9) in maize. The D8‐Mpl and D9‐1 alleles disrupt GA signaling, resulting in short plants and normal tassel floret development in the presence of excess GA. However, D9‐1 mutants are unable to block GA‐induced pistil development. Gene expression in developing tassels of D8‐Mpl and D9‐1 mutants and their wild‐type siblings was determined upon excess GA3 and mock treatments. Using GA‐sensitive transcripts as reporters of GA signaling, we identified a weak loss of repression under mock conditions in both mutants, with the effect in D9‐1 being greater. D9‐1 was also less able to repress GA signaling in the presence of excess GA3. We treated a diverse set of maize inbred lines with excess GA3 and measured the phenotypic consequences on multiple aspects of development (e.g., height and pistil persistence in tassel florets). Genotype affected all GA‐regulated phenotypes but there was no correlation between any of the GA‐affected phenotypes, indicating that the complexity of the relationship between GA and development extends beyond the two‐gene epistasis previously demonstrated for GA and brassinosteroid biosynthetic mutants.
Evaluation of Clinical and Technical Parameters to Customize Total Knee Arthroplasty Implants
Authors: Ghidotti Anna , Landi Daniele , Regazzoni Daniele , Rizzi Caterina
Published: September 2022

Since every structure in the human body can vary, customization is important to choose the most appropriate medical option according to the patient. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a surgical procedure for the knee replacement that has a high rate of patient’s dissatisfaction. Indeed, conventional prostheses are based on anthropometric data that accommodate common knees. However, mismatch can occur due to anatomical variations among the individuals. Thanks to the advances in imaging techniques and 3D modeling, it is possible to create customized knee implants starting from medical images. In this context, the present research proposes a methodology to design a customized knee implant taking into account clinical (e.g., prosthesis alignment and surgical cuts) and technical parameters (e.g., materials) that have a direct impact on TKA performance and patient’s satisfaction. Changing these parameters, different scenarios have been modeled and simulated to understand the most suitable combination. Finite element analysis (FEA) has been employed to simulate and compare the proposed customized models, changing the different clinical and technical parameters. Stress induced by different combinations of the parameters has been evaluated to choose the optimal solution among the eight proposed scenarios. The optimum is reached with a physiological alignment, with six femoral facets and the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) tibial insert. The implant design maintains the natural joint line and allows preserving more bone. The material is the parameter that mostly influences the stress distribution.
A Novel Wake Control Approach for Power Generation Improvement of Three Wind Turbines in a Wind Farm
Authors: Toosi Mahdi Erfanian Nakhchi , Rahmati Mohammad
Published: September 2022

The total power generation of a wind farm is significantly affected by the adverse wake generation of upstream wind turbines on the aerodynamic performance of the downstream wind turbines. This paper aims to provide a novel hybrid wake control strategy to improve the power generation of horizontal-axis wind turbines in a wind-farm layout. A numerical simulation based on the actuator line method with large eddy simulation (ALM–LES) is performed to investigate the airflow around three-dimensional National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5 MW turbines in a three-by-one layout. The yaw angle (θ) and tilt angle (ϕ) of the wind turbines are in the range of (−30 deg<θ<30 deg) and (0<ϕ<35 deg), respectively. Firstly, the combined effects of yaw-control and tilt-control methods on the velocity profile, vorticity generation and turbulent kinetic energy in the wake region of the multiscale wind farm are investigated. Afterwards, the total power generation of the wind farm is compared with previous wake control methods of wind turbines. It was observed that the proposed hybrid wake control method could improve the total power generation by 9.94% compared to the previous wind turbine wake control techniques. The hybrid control strategy can deviate the wake much better than typical single-control methods. An optimization analysis is also provided to find the most appropriate yaw angles and tilt angles of the wind turbines subject to varying wind speeds.
Restitution of Impacting Projectiles in Ceramic Matrix Composites Subject to Foreign Object Damage
Authors: Faucett D. C. , Mattison J. T. , Choi S. R.
Published: September 2022

Accurate assessments of rebound velocity of a projectile in impact events for ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are important since the rebound velocity affects the degree of resultant impact damage in both CMC targets and projectiles. A series of in-depth characterizations of coefficients of restitution (COR), which is defined as rebound velocity divided by impact velocity of a projectile, was made using various types of gas-turbine grade CMCs in conjunction with dynamic imaging and data-acquisition systems. Both the impact aspects and the COR were characterized as a function of impact velocities ranging from 150 m/s to Mach 1 and were analyzed with respect to materials' key properties. An important experimental observation was that regardless of types of CMCs employed, the corresponding CORs at an impact velocity of 350 m/s (i.e., Mach 1) yielded consistently the same value close to 0.1–0.2. The temperature effect in COR was found to be minor to 1100 °C as assessed with the specialty SiC/SiCs, also independent of environmental barrier coatings (EBCs). The COR were also determined in other materials systems such as advanced monolithic ceramics and some metallic materials in an attempt to construct an overall COR map in response to related foreign object damage (FOD) events.
In Situ Grown CoMn-Based Metal–Organic Framework on Nickel Foam as Efficient and Robust Electrodes for Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Li Hua , He Fei , Li Zheng , Du Zhenyao , Tang Kewen
Published: September 2022

It is of great significance to develop efficient and robust oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts based on inexpensive and earth-abundant materials to enable water splitting as a future renewable energy source. Herein, the in situ grown CoMn-MOF-74 on nickel foam and their use as active electrodes for high-performance water-oxidation catalysis are reported. In alkaline media, the binder-free three-dimensional (3D) electrode shows superior OER activity with a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a small overpotential of 260 mV, a Tafel slope of 58.2 mV dec−1, as well as excellent stability, making it one of the most active OER catalyst. Such high performance is attributed to increased electrochemically active areas, accelerated electron transport capability and the synergy between metal–organic framework (MOFs) and Ni substrate. This work elucidates a promising electrode for electrochemical water oxidation and enriches the direct application of MOF materials for future clean energy conversion and storage systems.
The Impact of the Spectral Tail on the Evolution of the Kurtosis of Random Seas
Authors: Barratt Dylan , van den Bremer Ton S. , Adcock Thomas A. A.
Published: September 2022

We perform simulations of random seas based on narrow-banded spectra with directional spreading. Our wavefields are spatially homogeneous and nonstationary in time. We truncate the spectral tail for the initial conditions at different cutoff wavenumbers to assess the impact of the spectral tail on the kurtosis and spectral evolution. We consider two cases based on truncation of the wavenumber tail at |k|/kp=2.4 and |k|/kp=6. Our simulations indicate that the peak kurtosis value increases if the tail is truncated at |k|/kp=2.4 rather than |k|/kp=6. For the case with a wavenumber cutoff at |k|/kp=2.4, augmented kurtosis is accompanied by comparatively more aggressive spectral changes including redevelopment of the spectral tail. Similar trends are observed for the case with a wavenumber cutoff at |k|/kp=6, but the spectral changes are less substantial. Thus, the spectral tail appears to play an important role in a form of spectral equilibrium that reduces spectral changes and decreases the peak kurtosis value. Our findings suggest that care should be taken when truncating the spectral tail for the purpose of simulations/experiments. We also find that the equation of Fedele (2015, “On the Kurtosis of Deep-Water Gravity Waves,” J. Fluid Mech., 782, pp. 25–36) provides an excellent estimate of the peak kurtosis value. However, the bandwidth parameter must account for the spectral tail to provide accurate estimates of the peak kurtosis.
Hydroxide films on mica form charge-stabilized microphases that circumvent nucleation barriers
Authors: Legg Benjamin A. , Voïtchovsky Kislon , De Yoreo James J.
Published: September 2022

Crystal nucleation is facilitated by transient, nanoscale fluctuations that are extraordinarily difficult to observe. Here, we use high-speed atomic force microscopy to directly observe the growth of an aluminum hydroxide film from an aqueous solution and characterize the dynamically fluctuating nanostructures that precede its formation. Nanoscale cluster distributions and fluctuation dynamics show many similarities to the predictions of classical nucleation theory, but the cluster energy landscape deviates from classical expectations. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations show that these deviations can arise from electrostatic interactions between the clusters and the underlying substrate, which drive microphase separation to create a nanostructured surface phase. This phase can evolve seamlessly from a low-coverage state of fluctuating clusters into a high-coverage nanostructured network, allowing the film to grow without having to overcome classical nucleation barriers.
A SPARC-ling link to inflammaging
Authors: Maltzman Jonathan S.
Published: September 2022

Adipocyte derived SPARC induces pro-inflammatory changes to macrophages, leading to aging that can be reduced by caloric restriction.
The cold truth about TCR structure
Authors: Lichtman Andrew
Published: September 2022

Cryo-EM analysis of a complete TCR complex with bound peptide-MHC provides evidence against ligand-induced allosteric conformational changes.
Effects of salicylic acid on growth performance, fecal score, blood profile, and nutrient digestibility in weaned pigs
Authors: Cao Shanchuan , Thanapal Palanisamy , Kim In Ho
Published: September 2022

An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of salicylic acid on growth performance in weaned pigs. A total of 80 weaning pigs ((Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc) with average initial body weight (BW) of 6.40 ± 1.42 kg were randomly assigned by BW for a 6-week feeding trial. Pigs were randomly allotted to two treatments, CON group (basal diet) and SA group (basal diet + 0.05% salicylic acid). There were eight replications in each treatment, with five pigs per pen. The results showed that SA group at days 14, 28, and 42 ( P < 0.05) significantly improved the BW gain of the weaning pig compared with CON group. In addition, during the overall experiment period (1–42 days), a tendency in higher average daily gain and average daily feed intake (0.05 <  P < 0.1) were observed in pigs fed SA supplemented diet compared with those fed CON diet. Moreover, at the end of trial, the blood parameters of Fe concentration were higher in pigs ( P < 0.05) fed diet supplemented with SA. In conclusion, supplementation of SA positively influenced growth performance and serum Fe concentration, but there were no effects on nutrient digestibility and fecal score.
Evaluation of broadcast and spot herbicide applications for spreading dogbane (Apocynum androsaemifolium L.) management in lowbush blueberry fields
Authors: Lyu Hugh , McKenzie-Gopsill Andrew , White Scott N.
Published: September 2022

Spreading dogbane is a creeping herbaceous perennial weed in lowbush blueberry. Management is limited primarily to spot applications of dicamba, though recent herbicide registrations facilitate the evaluation of new broadcast and spot herbicide applications. The objectives of this research were to determine (1) the effect of sequential postemergence (POST) mesotrione application interval on spreading dogbane, (2) the effect of sequential POST mesotrione and foramsulfuron applications on spreading dogbane, (3) the effect of POST herbicide tank mixtures on spreading dogbane, (4) the effect of summer and fall spot herbicide applications on spreading dogbane, and (5) the effect of spot applications of dicamba tank mixtures with sulfonylurea herbicides on spreading dogbane. Broadcast mesotrione (144 g a.i. ha−1) and foramsulfuron (35 g a.i. ha−1) applications did not control spreading dogbane. Control was not improved by sequential applications of either herbicide. Broadcast mesotrione + foramsulfuron applications reduced non-bearing-year density and may be more effective than either herbicide applied alone. Broadcast flazasulfuron applications reduced non-bearing-year shoot density and flazasulfuron + foramsulfuron applications reduced non-bearing-year and bearing-year shoot densities. Summer spot applications of foramsulfuron and flazasulfuron caused 70% injury to spreading dogbane but did not reduce shoot density, and dicamba continues to be the most effective spot herbicide treatment. Fall spot applications did not control spreading dogbane due to early senescence of spreading dogbane shoots. Spot applications of dicamba at 0.96 or 1.92 g a.e. L water−1 provided equivalent spreading dogbane control and efficacy was not improved by tank mixture with foramsulfuron, flazasulfuron, or nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron.
Comparison of agri-environmental phosphorus tests for boreal agricultural and natural Podzols
Authors: Kedir Amana Jemal , McKenzie David Bruce , Ziadi Noura , Unc Adrian
Published: September 2022

Over a dozen soil phosphorus (P) extraction procedures have been designed for agri-environmental purposes (P-tests). Sustainable expansion of agriculture into boreal regions dominated by Podzols requires further insights into P extractability. We extracted P from Podzol samples ( n = 96) using nine P-tests followed by both colorimetric (PCol) and inductively coupled plasma (PICP) quantifications and assessed the relationships between P-tests. Samples were collected by depth or horizon from agricultural fields and reference sites in eastern, central, and western Newfoundland, Canada. The soil P was extracted with water, citric acid, ammonium bicarbonate diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (AB-DTPA), Morgan, Olsen, Bray-1, Bray-2, Mehlich-1, and Mehlich-3 solutions, thus targeting a wide range of extractable P pools in managed and natural Podzols. The soils had a pH of 3.4–6.9, organic matter of 0.5%–47.2%, and Al-M3 of 977–2561 mg kg−1. On average, water extracted the lowest PCol (1.0) and PICP (5.7) mg kg−1, while citric acid extracted the highest PCol (151) and PICP (290) mg kg−1. For the managed podzolic soils, the extractability of P followed the sequence water < Morgan < AB-DTPA < Mehlich-1 < Bray-1 < Mehlich-3 ≤ Olsen ≤ Bray-2 < citric acid; this varied slightly by quantification techniques and soil groups. The differences between PICP and PCol were most significant for the citric acid extracts. Most P-tests measurements were moderately to strongly correlated to P-M3ICP measurements ( r2 > 0.50) but variable with quantification techniques and soil depths. Given the diversity in extractable P pools across management-induced soil conditions, it is evident that a fully informed P management for the Newfoundland Podzols will require calibration of P-tests against crop P uptake.
Classification of strongly asymptotically log del Pezzo flags and surfaces
Authors: Rubinstein Yanir A.
Published: September 2022

We introduce the notion of strongly asymptotically log del Pezzo flags, and classify such flags under the assumption that their zero-dimensional part lies in the boundary. We use this result to give a new and conceptual proof of the classification of strongly asymptotically log del Pezzo surfaces, originally due to Cheltsov and Rubinstein.
NON-PERFORMING LOANS, MACROECONOMIC AND BANK-SPECIFIC VARIABLES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: LOANG OOI KOK , AHMAD ZAMRI , NAVEENAN R. V.
Published: September 2022

This study examines the relationship between bank-specific variables, macroeconomic variables and non-performing loans (NPLs) in the seven countries of Southeast Asia (Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam) during the pre-COVID-19[Formula: see text]and COVID-19 pandemic. This study adopts panel data regression and distributed lagged regression to examine the impact of bank-specific variables and macroeconomic variables as NPL determinants. The results show that bank-specific variables significantly correlate to NPL, but limited evidence indicates the influence of macroeconomic variables during pre-COVID. Nonetheless, macroeconomic variables are significant to NPL with the emergence of the pandemic, while the bank-specific variables are found to be insignificant. It shows that macroeconomic variables have a greater impact during the turbulent period as they affect most businesses, especially during the pandemic. Furthermore, macroeconomic variables are observed to have a stronger influence on developed countries, but the impact of bank-specific variables is stronger in emerging countries. The results of this study assist policymakers, regulators, banks and governments in identifying the determinants of high NPL as the indicator of a financial crisis. Greater emphasis shall be given to the changes in macroeconomic variables.
Non-perturbative effects in the QED-vacuum energy exposed to the supercritical Coulomb field
Authors: Krasnov A. , Sveshnikov K.
Published: September 2022

Non-perturbative effects of the QED-vacuum reconstruction exposed to the supercritical Coulomb field are considered with emphasis on the behavior of the vacuum energy [Formula: see text]. It is shown that in the supercritical region [Formula: see text] turns out to be a decreasing function of the Coulomb source, resulting in decay into the negative range as [Formula: see text], and that it is indeed the decline of [Formula: see text], which provides the required energy for (presumably possible) positron emission. The properties of the resonance decay, found this way, are in agreement with those achieved by other methods. The additional problems of spontaneous emission, caused by lepton number conservation, are also discussed.
Boundedness and asymptotic stabilization in a two-dimensional Keller–Segel–Navier–Stokes system with sub-logistic source
Authors: Dai Feng , Xiang Tian
Published: September 2022

This paper mainly deals with a Keller–Segel–Navier–Stokes model with sub-logistic source in a two-dimensional bounded and smooth domain. For a large class of cell kinetics including sub-logistic sources, it is shown that under an explicit condition involving the chemotactic strength, asymptotic “damping” rate and initial mass of cells, the associated no-flux/no-flux/Dirichlet problem possesses a global and bounded classical solution. Moreover, a systematical treatment has been conducted on convergence of bounded solutions toward constant equilibrium in [Formula: see text] for sub- and standard logistic sources. In such chemotaxis-fluid setting, our boundedness improves known blow-up prevention by logistic source to blow-up prevention by sub-logistic source, indicating standard logistic source is not the weakest damping source to prevent blow-up, and our stability improves known algebraic convergence under quadratic degradation to exponential convergence under log-correction of quadratic degradation, implying log-correction of quadratic degradation quickens the decay of bounded solutions. These findings significantly improve and extend previously known ones.
BV solutions for a hydrodynamic model of flocking-type with all-to-all interaction kernel
Authors: Amadori Debora , Christoforou Cleopatra
Published: September 2022

We consider a hydrodynamic model of flocking-type with all-to-all interaction kernel in one-space dimension and establish global existence of entropy weak solutions with concentration to the Cauchy problem for any [Formula: see text] initial data that has finite total mass confined in a bounded interval and initial density uniformly positive therein. In addition, under a suitable condition on the initial data, we show that entropy weak solutions with concentration admit time-asymptotic flocking.
On homogeneous quasipositive links
Authors: Ito Tetsuya
Published: September 2022

We discuss when homogeneous quasipositive links are positive. We show that a homogeneous diagram of a quasipositive link whose number of Seifert circles is equal to the braid index is a positive diagram, and show that the truth of Murasugi–Przytycki’s conjecture on braid index of alternating links implies that alternating quasipositive links are positive.
Effects of triaxiality and pairing interaction on fission barriers of actinide nuclei
Authors: Kouno Taiki , Ishizuka Chikako , Fujio Kazuki , Inakura Tsunenori , Chiba Satoshi
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we employ the density-dependent relativistic mean-field theory to study how the triaxiality and pairing interaction affect the inner fission barriers of actinide nuclei. It was found that the triaxiality reduced the inner barriers and improved agreement with experimental values for many actinides. However, about 1–2 MeV discrepancy to the experimental values still remained for some of the considered nuclei. Such a discrepancy could be made further smaller by increasing the BCS pairing strength parameter. In this work, we demonstrated that adjusting the paring strength was effective in reproducing the experimental inner fission barriers as well as “pairing rotational energy” and binding energy in a consistent manner for nuclei where the effect of the triaxiality on the inner barriers was significant.
Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of Sn–ZnO nanorod array coatings
Authors: Volkova M. G. , Petrov V. V. , Ivanishcheva A. P. , Bayan E. M.
Published: September 2022

Sn–ZnO nanorod array coatings with a low concentration of tin dioxide (0, 0.5, 1, 5 mol.%) were obtained by hydrothermal method on glass or polycore substrates. The synthesized materials are crystallized in the wurtzite structure, which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. According to scanning electron microscopy arrays of nanorods have an average length 120–180 nm and a diameter of 57–77 nm. It was established that an increase in the temperature of hydrothermal synthesis (from 95[Formula: see text]C to 200[Formula: see text]C) leads to a decrease in particle sizes of pure ZnO. All obtained materials have photocatalytic activity in the visible light range. The best photocatalytic activity — 82% degradation of methylene blue in 3 h of visible light irradiation — was shown for material containing 1 mol.% of tin dioxide. This hydrothermal method opens a new pathway for developing new nanostructured photocatalysts.
My Health Sensor, My Classifier – Adapting a Trained Classifier to Unlabeled End-User Data
Authors: Nikolaidis Konstantinos , Kristiansen Stein , Plagemann Thomas , Goebel Vera , Liestøl Knut , Kankanhalli Mohan , Traaen Gunn-Marit , Øverland Britt , Akre Harriet , Aakerøy Lars , Steinshamn Sigurd
Published: September 2022

Sleep apnea is a common yet severely under-diagnosed sleep related disorder. Unattended sleep monitoring at home with low-cost sensors can be leveraged for condition detection, and Machine Learning offers a generalized solution for this task. However, patient characteristics, lack of sufficient training data, and other factors can imply a domain shift between training and end-user data and reduced task performance. In this work, we address this issue with the aim to achieve personalization based on the patient’s needs. We present an
unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA)
solution with the constraint that labeled source data are not directly available. Instead, a classifier trained on the source data is provided. Our solution iteratively labels target data sub-regions based on classifier beliefs, and trains new classifiers from the expanding dataset. Experiments with sleep monitoring datasets and various sensors show that our solution outperforms the classifier trained on the source domain, with a kappa coefficient improvement from 0.012 to 0.242. Additionally, we apply our solution to digit classification DA between three well-established datasets, to investigate its generalizability, and allow for related work comparisons. Even without direct access to the source data, it outperforms several well-established UDA methods in these datasets.
The Four Causes: The Functional Architecture of Centromeres and Kinetochores
Authors: McAinsh Andrew D. , Marston Adele L.
Published: September 2022

Kinetochores are molecular machines that power chromosome segregation during the mitotic and meiotic cell divisions of all eukaryotes. Aristotle explains how we think we have knowledge of a thing only when we have grasped its cause. In our case, to gain understanding of the kinetochore, the four causes correspond to questions that we must ask: ( a) What are the constituent parts, ( b) how does it assemble, ( c) what is the structure and arrangement, and ( d) what is the function? Here we outline the current blueprint for the assembly of a kinetochore, how functions are mapped onto this architecture, and how this is shaped by the underlying pericentromeric chromatin. The view of the kinetochore that we present is possible because an almost complete parts list of the kinetochore is now available alongside recent advances using in vitro reconstitution, structural biology, and genomics. In many organisms, each kinetochore binds to multiple microtubules, and we propose a model for how this ensemble-level architecture is organized, drawing on key insights from the simple one microtubule–one kinetochore setup in budding yeast and innovations that enable meiotic chromosome segregation.
Sexually dimorphic effects of SARM1 deletion on cardiac NAD+ metabolism and function
Authors: Nizami Hina Lateef , Minor Keaton E. , Chiao Ying Ann , Light Christine M. , Lee Chi Fung
Published: September 2022

We examined the effects of SARM1 deletion on NAD+ pool, transcripts of NAD+ metabolism, and fibrotic pathway for the first time in mouse hearts. We observed the sexually dimorphic effects of SARM1 deletion. How these sex-dependent effects influence the outcomes of SARM1 deficiency in male and female mice in responses to cardiac stresses warrant further investigation. The elevation of cardiac NAD+ pool by SARM1 deletion provides evidence that targeting SARM1 may reverse disease-related NAD+ decline.
Impact of Homogeneous‐Heterogeneous Reactions on Flow of Non‐Newtonian Ferrofluid over a Stretching Sheet
Authors: Zeb H. , Bhatti S. , Khan U. , Wahab H. A. , Mohamed A. , Khan I.
Published: September 2022

In this study, we considered heterogeneous and homogeneous chemical reactions in Eyring‐Powell ferrofluid past a stretchable surface. In addition, thermal radiation and magnetic dipole impacts are also considered. The direct numerical solution of the governing model is complex. For this, we simplified the model into coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with the dimensionless variables. Then, we determined the computational solution of the resulting transformed ODE system via the Runge‐Kutta (RK) method. The impacts of interesting engineering parameters on temperature, velocity, and concatenation behaviors are presented through graphs. We concluded that the velocity field is reduced for higher values of ferromagnetic parameter β and fluid material parameters ß and H and arises the temperature field for higher values of thermal radiation R while the temperature field is reduced for Prandtl number Pr and dissipation parameter λ1. The obtained results of the current work are compared with published work, and we found that between them a good agreement can be seen in the table. The characteristics of skin fraction and Nusselt number are presented.
The Immunomodulatory and Regenerative Effect of Biodentine™ on Human THP‐1 Cells and Dental Pulp Stem Cells: In Vitro Study
Authors: Abuarqoub Duaa , Aslam Nazneen , Zaza Rand , Jafar Hanan , Zalloum Suzan , Atoom Renata , Alshaer Walhan , Al-Mrahleh Mairvat , Awidi Abdalla
Published: September 2022

Background. Pulp tissue affected by deep caries and trauma can be protected by vital pulp therapies in which pulp regeneration success depends on the degree of pulp inflammation and the presence of regenerative signals. Reparative dentinogenesis requires dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) activity which can be stimulated by many bioactive molecules to repair the dentine, mediating a balance between the inflammatory response and the reparative events. Therefore, this study was performed in order to investigate the immune‐inflammatory effect of Biodentine capping material on DPSCs and macrophages. Method. THP‐1, a human monocytic cell line, was differentiated to macrophages, and flow cytometry was used to analyze the expressions of specific macrophage markers. LPS‐mediated infection was created for macrophages and DPSCs followed by treatment with Biodentine. CBA array was used to investigate the cytokine secretion followed by qPCR. Migration potential of treated DPSCs was also determined. Results. Our results showed that THP‐1 cell line was successfully differentiated into macrophages as shown by surface marker expression. CBA array and qPCR results showed that Biodentine‐treated DPSCs and macrophages upregulated anti‐inflammatory cytokines and downregulated proinflammatory cytokines. Also, Biodentine enhances the migration potential of treated DPSCs. Conclusion. Biodentine capping material mediated the polarization of M1 to M2 macrophages suggestive of tissue repair properties of macrophages and enhanced the anti‐inflammatory cytokines of DPSCs responsible for dentine‐pulp regeneration.
Nutritional and Rheological Characterization of an Infant Flour Based on Parboiled Rice (Oryza sativa), Spirulina (Spirulina platensis), and Cashew Nut (Anacardium occidentale)
Authors: Mahouli Love Mouka , Saah Bruno Fotso , Dongmo Hygride , Kenfack Justine Odelonne , Njapndounke Bilkissou , Ndjang Marie Madeleine Nanga , Klang Mathilde Julie
Published: September 2022

Protein-energy malnutrition and mineral deficiencies in children under five years are major problems in developing countries. The present study was thus carried out with the aim of proposing a weaning flour based on parboiled rice, spirulina, and cashew nut that meets the nutritional needs of children aged 06 to 24 months. To achieve this, the mixture design approach (a 9-point augmented simplex-centroid design) was used to obtain optimal blend of flour. The responses evaluated where proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals (iron, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and zinc), carotenoids, fibers, and ash content. The rheological analyses (rapid viscosity analysis) were carried out on the optimal flour. It results that the optimal proportion of parboiled rice, spirulina, and cashew nut was, respectively, 85.80, 5.96, and 8.23. These conditions result in a protein, lipids, carbohydrates, carotenoids, ash, fibers, calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc content of 14.15%, 9.04%, 68.46%, 8.2 mg, 3% ash, 4.98%, 510 mg, 16 mg, 65 mg, and 5 mg, respectively, and an energy value of 411.8 kcal. These optimate conditions resulted also in a peak viscosity of 60 cP and a final viscosity of 86 cP which are lower than the established value (1000 cP). Thus, the weaning flour based on parboiled rice, spirulina, and cashew nut obtained in these optimate conditions can meet the nutritional needs of children aged 06 to 24 months and is therefore an efficient weaning food to fight against child malnutrition.
Manufacturing Service Innovation and Foreign Trade Upgrade Model Based on Internet of Things and Industry 4.0
Authors: Liu Ling , Zhao Ping
Published: September 2022

At present, the industrial Internet has gradually become a product of the integration of new generation of information technology and manufacturing. The development of the traditional manufacturing industry with transformation and upgrading faces various bottlenecks. These bottlenecks require the industry to make technological improvements through the concept of promoting sustainable development. At the same time, these issues also need intelligent support to match them. IoT technology can help enterprises realize product design and production, inspection and testing, risk early warning and post-sales, and other process links. The Internet of Things technology improved and innovated the industrial production process in the process. This technology has become the main means to promote industrialization and information integration, and it is an important basis for promoting manufacturing capabilities and networking forces. At present, the industrial Internet of our country is generally developing rapidly. However, this technology encountered many difficulties in the process of promoting discrete manufacturing and upgrading. There are still some difficulties in the entire technology landing application process. For example, there is still a significant gap in the breadth and depth of the Internet of Things applications. In particular, the value of data needs to strengthen. Based on the analysis of the risk solutions and development dilemma of artisanship, this article shows the benefits of the Internet of Things technology. Trend demand, practical application demand, production efficiency demand, after-sales service demand, and other aspects promote management innovation. This article first classifies the development of the industrial Internet in information transmission and development of the industry around the world. On this basis, this article has built a three-dimensional reference model for the industrial Internet to promote the transformation and upgrade of discrete manufacturing. In addition, this article proposes a strategy to promote the transformation and upgrade of discrete manufacturing. It includes three development stages: industrial Internet, industrial and commercial Internet, and industrial intelligence Internet. On this basis, the text explains the corresponding technical system and its challenges. Through the research results of this article, it provides theoretical guidance for the industrial Internet to promote the transformation and upgrade of discrete manufacturing.
KDM3A Attenuates Myocardial Ischemic and Reperfusion Injury by Ameliorating Cardiac Microvascular Endothelial Cell Pyroptosis
Authors: Zhang Bofang , Liu Gen , Huang Bing , Liu Huafen , Jiang Hong , Hu Zheng , Chen Jing
Published: September 2022

Cardiac microvascular endothelial cell ischemia-reperfusion (CMEC I/R) injury occurs in approximately 50% of acute myocardial infarction patients subjected to successful revascularization therapy. This injury leads to cardiac microcirculatory system dysfunctions, which seriously affect cardiac functions and long-term prognostic outcomes. Previously, we elucidated the role of lysine-specific demethylase 3A (KDM3A) in protecting cardiomyocytes from I/R injury; however, its roles in CMEC I/R injuries have yet to be fully established. In this study, hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) treatment significantly impaired CMEC functions and induced their pyroptosis, accompanied by KDM3A downregulation. Then, gain- and loss-of-function assays were performed to investigate the roles of KDM3A in CMEC H/R injury in vitro. KDM3A knockout enhanced CMEC malfunctions and accelerated the expressions of pyroptosis-associated proteins, such as NLRP3, cleaved-caspase-1, ASC, IL-1β, GSDMD-N, and IL-18. Conversely, KDM3A overexpression developed ameliorated alternations in CMEC H/R injury. In vivo, KDM3A knockout resulted in the deterioration of cardiac functions and decreased the no-reflow area as well as capillary density. Mechanistically, KDM3A activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and ameliorated I/R-mediated CMEC pyroptosis. In conclusion, KDM3A is a promising treatment target for alleviating CMEC I/R injury.
Data Anomaly Diagnosis Method of Temperature Sensor Based on Deep Neural Network
Authors: Chen Haifeng
Published: September 2022

As one of the indicators of whether all kinds of machinery and electrical appliances work normally during use, temperature has an important basis for judging the normal work of related machinery. In order to reduce the probability of safety and quality problems caused by inaccurate temperature measurement in the use of these machines and electrical appliances, this paper uses RBF neural network and EEMD modal analysis two deep neural network models to build a deep neural network-based temperature sensor data anomaly diagnosis method. This method first excavates a large number of historical temperature data samples of temperature control sensors in machinery and electrical appliances and analyzes the change law of relevant sample data, so as to build a data anomaly diagnosis database, and then establish a temperature prediction model based on RBF to predict the temperature of electrical appliances and mechanical components; Second, real-time temperature monitoring and sampling are carried out for the normal temperature sensor. Based on the constructed sample database, automatic identification of various abnormal conditions is realized, and the real measured value of the sensor is reconstructed or estimated under abnormal conditions. EEMD feature extraction is carried out for the difference between the predicted temperature and the actual temperature; Finally, the RBF temperature anomaly diagnosis and classification model is constructed, and the feature vector sets are constructed by variance, variance percentage, energy and energy percentage methods, respectively, or jointly, and these vector sets are used as the input of the fault model for temperature anomaly diagnosis and monitoring. Through the diagnosis of the measured temperature sensor data, the established model has a good ability of fault diagnosis and classification.
Multitask Deep Neural Network for the Fully Automatic Measurement of the Angle of Progression
Authors: Lu Yaosheng , Zhi Dengjiang , Zhou Minghong , Lai Fan , Chen Gaowen , Ou Zhanhong , Zeng Rongdan , Long Shun , Qiu Ruiyu , Zhou Mengqiang , Jiang Xiaosong , Wang Huijin , Bai Jieyun
Published: September 2022

The angle of progression (AoP) for assessing fetal head (FH) descent during labor is measured from the standard plane of transperineal ultrasound images as the angle between a line through the long axis of pubic symphysis (PS) and a second line from the right end of PS tangentially to the contour of the FH. This paper presents a multitask network with a shared feature encoder and three task-special decoders for standard plane recognition (Task1), image segmentation (Task2) of PS and FH, and endpoint detection (Task3) of PS. Based on the segmented FH and two endpoints of PS from standard plane images, we determined the right FH tangent point that passes through the right endpoint of PS and then computed the AoP using the above three points. In this paper, the efficient channel attention unit is introduced into the shared feature encoder for improving the robustness of layer region encoding, while an attention fusion module is used to promote cross-branch interaction between the encoder for Task2 and that for Task3, and a shape-constrained loss function is designed for enhancing the robustness to noise based on the convex shape-prior. We use Pearson’s correlation coefficient and the Bland–Altman graph to assess the degree of agreement. The dataset includes 1964 images, where 919 images are nonstandard planes, and the other 1045 images are standard planes including PS and FH. We achieve a classification accuracy of 92.26%, and for the AoP calculation, an absolute mean (STD) value of the difference in AoP (

∆

AoP) is 3.898° (3.192°), the Pearson’s correlation coefficient between manual and automated AoP was 0.964 and the Bland-Altman plot demonstrates they were statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). In conclusion, our approach can achieve a fully automatic measurement of AoP with good efficiency and may help labor progress in the future.
Experimental and Numerical Studies of AP1000 Shield Building considering Fluid-Structure Interaction
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Song Chenning , Duan Zhining , Cheng Zhi
Published: September 2022

The gravity cooling water tank is a remarkable structural feature of third-generation pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant. To investigate the influence of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) on the seismic response of the structure, this study designed two 1 : 50 simplified models of the AP1000 shield building. A series of shaking table tests were conducted to study the seismic responses with and without FSI effect. The natural frequency, acceleration, strain, and hydrodynamic pressure of the two models were analyzed, and the seismic reduction effect of the water tank was evaluated. Moreover, the test data were compared with the results of numerical analysis using the ABAQUS software. The results show that the presence of water and the sloshing of water reduce the natural frequency and seismic response of the model structure. Thus, the gravity cooling water tank has a certain seismic reduction effect. The simplified model of water sloshing can be used to analyze the seismic response of the shield building.
Characterization of Blue Tourmaline from Madagascar for Exploring Its Color Origin
Authors: Li Ming
Published: September 2022

In the research, spectroscopic studies of tourmaline for color origin were performed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The research work emphasized the analysis of transition metal atoms, including their valence state and coordination number, in order to better understand the effect of transition metal cations on the color origin. The results showed that the blue color of the crystal is caused by the strong absorption at 725 nm in the red spectrum, which generates a symmetrical and wide absorption band. The absorption band at 725 nm is caused by charge transfer between Fe2+ at the Y site and Fe3+ at the Z site. Other ions in the crystal did not generate absorption lines in the visible spectral range. Besides position, its valence state and coordination number were clarified to reveal color variation and the origin of tourmaline. Most importantly, this spectroscopic analysis method makes the coloration mechanism of charge transfer that is difficult to be uncovered to be clearly revealed, which will provide an available material and chemical method to investigate the structure-property relationship for gems as well as reveal the genesis of beautiful colors.