bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sodium Azide Mutagen Affecting Acetyl CoA Carboxylase Sequence and Fatty Acids Production
Authors: Tawfik Eman , Ellethy Rania A.
Published: March 2022

A biotic stress due to sodium azidemay inhibit bacterial growth, but also can induce some physiological reactions and some fatty acids production. Escherichia coli is Gram-negative bacteria carries Acetyl-CoA gene which is translated into Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) “a biotin-dependent enzyme” that catalyzes the irreversible carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to produce malonyl-CoA. This compound is the first step in fatty acid production. Different concentrations of sodium azide mutagen were applied to E. coli to estimate the variation in Acetyl-CoA gene sequence comparing to control. The sequencing results were subjected to TCOFFEE tool in Jalview software to assess the multiple sequence alignment. As a measure for gene variation due to mutation treatment, we estimated the fatty acids produced from the mutant bacterial strains comparing to control. The GC-MS profile of the fatty acids concluded that both control and 250 µg/ml mutant bacteria showed the highest concentrations of some fatty acids, where 125 µg/ml mutant bacteria showed complete inhibition in fatty acid production. Besides, RAPD-PCR molecular marker was performed to estimate the general genetic variation in the mutant E. coli comparing to control. Sodium azide treatment resulted in a total polymorphism percentage of 77.97%. This percent explained the high genetic variation in the total genome content of azide-mutant E. coli comparing to control. The net results from this work that in a certain concentration of sodium azide treatment (250 µg/ml), the production of some essential fatty acids increased.
Effect of Cutting and Foliar Nutrition on Seed Yield of Sirukeerai (Amaranthus polygonoides) var. PLR 1
Authors: R. Geetha S. Pozhilarasi
Published: March 2022

Sirukeerai (Amaranthus polygonoides) is an annual herb growing to a height of 80 – 90 cm starts flowering at 25 days and yielding green vegetable within 20 – 25 days. A field experiment was conducted at agricultural college and research institute to study the effect of cuttings and foliar nutrition on seed yield of Amranthus.. The cutting was taken to make different treatments i.e. C0 (without cutting), C1 (one cutting at 20 days after sowing) and C2 (two cuttings at 20 days and 35 days after sowing). The investigation resulted that number of foliage cuttings reduced the plant height of sirukeerai. The crop without cutting of foliage gave the maximum dryweight of plant per plant, crop growth rate and relative growth rate which was followed by one cutting and lowest performance was observed after two cuttings The increase in number of foliage cuttings of sirukeerai significantly increased the growth parameters of plant such as number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of leaves, number of spike per plant, and seed yield.
Physiological Constraints to Milk Production in High Yielding Dairy Cows
Authors: Gholamali Moghadam Ali-Gholi Ramin , Sharam Nozad Siamak Asri-Rezaei , Clive J. C. Phillips Sina Ramin
Published: March 2022

Milk yields and their relationships with blood and milk metabolic parameters were assessed in 59 high-yielding Holstein cows over the course of their lactation to identify metabolic constraints to daily milk production. Over an 11 month lactation period the cows, which were milked thrice daily and fed a total mix ration, had a mean daily milk yield of 35.5 l. Blood parameters monitored were haematocrit (PCV), erythrocytes (RBC), leucocytes (WCC), hemoglobin, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, urea, protein, creatinine, triglycerides, cholesterol, magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), aspartates aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and glutamic gammatransferase (GGT). Stepwise regression indicated that blood haemoglobin concentration was most closely and positively correlated with milk yield, indicating that oxygen-carrying capacity was potentially a limit to milk production. Secondly, milk Na was negatively correlated with milk yield, and milk protein yield was negatively correlated with milk Mg, Ca and Na, demonstrating lack of homeostatic control of these elements in milk. Principal component analysis identified a primary metabonomic axis of hemoglobin and RBC concentrations at one end and blood K, Na and milk lactose at the other, which appeared related to milk production. A second axis was apparent of milk divalent cations at one end and monovalent cations at the other. It is concluded that constraints to milk production in high yielding cows may exist due to limited oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, as well as monovalent cations.
The Effect of Adding Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Larvae (Hermetia illucens L.) Flour on the Characteristics of Tortilla Chips
Authors: Widya Saraswati I Gusti Ayu Krisma , Mahendra Putra I Gede Arie , Wrasiati Luh Putu
Published: March 2022

This research aimed to determine the effect of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae flour added on the characteristic of tortilla chips. The study was designed using an experimental method which is Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with treatment of adding larvae BSF flour (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) that was repeated 3 times to obtained 15 experimental units. The data obtained were analyzed by means of variance and if the treatment had a significant effect, then proceed with the Tukey test except for total plate count analyzed using descriptive test. The Observed variable were moisture content, ash content, protein content, fat content, carbohydrate content, crude fiber, total plate count (TPC) and sensory evaluation such as color, texture, flavour, taste and overall acceptance with hedonic test and color also texture with scoring test also using effective index to obtained the best treatment. The results showed that adding 20% BSF larvae flour is the best treatment to get the best characteristic of tortilla chips BSF larvae with moisture content 1,84±0,19%, ash content 8,35±0,08%, protein content 19,45±0,42%, fat content 22,56±0,57%, carbohydrate content 47,80±0,94%, crude fiber 5,34±0,20%, total plate count (TPC) 2,9x103 and sensory evaluation of hedonic color (3.0) and texture (3.5) with criteria neutral, and taste (4.0), aroma (3.8), and overall acceptance (4.1) with the criteria of liking and the color scoring test (1.4) with the criteria of very brown and the scoring test texture (3,2) with the usual criteria.
Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Healthcare Workers: The Case of Pharmacy Staff of the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital
Authors: Ankrah Daniel , Lamptey Daisy , Ofei Palm Charles , Aboagye Grace , Ekpale Priscilla , Stephen Corquaye Suad Abukari , Anthony Osei Godfried Adjei , Stanley Lagoh Collins Addae , Suliasnaia Bruce Abredu Somuah , Desmond Osenda Frempomaa Nelson , Francis Kofie Isaiah Sagoe , Justice Dogbey Dorcas Poku Boateng , Amah Nkansah Obedia Seaneke , Corquaye Oksana , Coompson Nathan
Published: March 2022

There is evidence that vaccine hesitancy is present among health care workers although various studies on covid-19 vaccination prioritizations conclude that health workers should be prioritized because they are first hand responders. This cross-sectional study audited vaccination status among different categories of pharmacy staff in the largest teaching hospital in Ghana. Vaccination status among staff was ascertained using national vaccination cards after immunization with two doses of Covishield vaccine. A total of 240 workers, representing about 96% of pharmacy staff were captured. It was found that 66% of staff had received two doses and almost 80% had received at least one dose of the Covishield vaccine. Although males were more likely to vaccinate compared to females, this was not significant (OR=1.64, 95% CI 0.91 to 2.99; p=0.104). Independent odds ratios confirmed that compared to dispensing assistants, pharmacist were almost four times as likely to vaccinate (OR=3.89, 95% CI 1.72 to 8.76; p=0.001). It was also found that for logistics purposes 151 doses of the Covishield vaccine would be needed for complete vaccination of all pharmacy staff. To improve coverage, more information on the importance of vaccination against COVID-19 should be targeted towards lower level health care workers.
The Involvement of Grandparents in Bringing up Grandchildren and their Views about it
Authors: Smita Patil Jaya Bangale
Published: March 2022

A sample of 150 children (5-7 yrs old), 80 belonging to middle SES group and 70 belonging to low SES group and brought up by their both parents (either both parents are working or only one parent is working) as well as by their grandparents were chosen randomly from the selected 10 colonies from Parbhani City of Marathwada region of Maharashtra state. The data pertaining to the study were collected by personally interviewing the parents and grandparents of sample children based on structured and open ended interview schedule and also by administering Kuppuswamy’s Socio-economic Status Scale revised by Dr. Sheikh Mohd Saleem (2018) for assessing the socio-economic status of the sample children. It is apparent from the results that irrespective of the groups and socio-economic status of the sample children, a higher percentage of both the paternal grandparents(64-65%) were found to be involved in child upbringing right from their neonatal stage. With regard to the involvement in upbringing of grandchildren all the grandparents expressed that, it was most rewarding experience of their life and also it was beneficial to them for remaining physically and mentally fit (33-43%). However a majority of them (44- 71 %) expressed that sometimes it became difficult for them to carry out their personal work due to their involvement in upbringing of grandchildren. On the whole, the findings of the study highlight that families need to involve grandparents in caring grandchildren as they are found to be playing vital role in child upbringing and which in turn enabling grandparents to lead happy, contented and dignified life.
Decentralized Agricultural Planning in Kerala- Process and Determinants of Efficacy
Authors: Jiju P. Alex K. Abdul Jabbar
Published: March 2022

The long-drawn process of institutionalization of decentralized planning in Kerala has impacted grass root level agricultural development in several ways. The regular interactions of officials and farmers in the process significantly have influenced service delivery to the public forming innovative solutions, fruitful experiences and institutional learnings. But there is an urgent need to scale up farmer participation in the process by enhancing efficacy of the process of institutionalisation. Delineation of the determinants of the efficacy of decentralised agricultural planning at grass root level in Kerala is of utmost importance to address various dimensions of the institutionalisation process lagging behind and to enhance efficacy. It was done based on a set of dimensions selected through literature review and expert rating. Among various steps, integration of projects, finalisation of annual plan by the local governments, formation of panchayath planning committee, consolidation of local plans to district plans and prioritisation and resource allocation by local bodies received low perceived efficacy scores. The factor analysis of the data delineated development-participation inter dependence, group decision making & performance, experience -accountability capabilities, and knowledge mediationas four factors explaining maximum variance in the perceived efficacy of institutionalization of decentralized planning in agriculture in Kerala.
Effect of Activated Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) Gel on Teat Wound in Cows
Authors: N. Aruljothi N. Gurunathan , Balagopalan T. P.
Published: March 2022

A total of 6 cows with teat wounds involving teat cistern were subjected for the present study. All the cows were subjected for preoperative evaluation. Under sedation with Inj. Xylazine @ 0.1 mg/kg B.wt. I/V and ring block with 2% Lignocaine hydrochloride, the muscosal and muscular layers were sutured by continuous suture pattern using 3-0 polyglactin 910. Freshly prepared and activated autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) gel was applied to the sutured muscular layer. The skin was opposed by applying disposable stainless steel skin staples, followed by the application of activated autologous PRP gel to the apposed skin. Postoperative evaluation was carried on 5th day with second application of activated autologous PRP gel to the surgical site and morphological and ultrasonographical evaluation of healing was carried out on 10th postoperative day. PRP favoured early concomplicated healing in teat wounds.
Antimicrobial Resistance in Poultry Sector in India
Authors: Jaya Chandawat Pooja Raizada , Sukriti Jaspal Roli Khanna , Aparna Agarwal Anupa Siddhu
Published: March 2022

Misuse and overuse of antimicrobials has led to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the outbreak of drug-resistant pathogens, which is acknowledged as the greatest hazard to humankind. The vast majority of antibiotics used are administered to farm animals. This is accelerating the evolution of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Increasing demand for protein supplements and animal protein by today's accelerating fitness industry and by the emerging number of fitness freaks is one of the most contributing factors for developing antimicrobial resistance. This is accelerating the evolution of antibiotic resistant bacteria. According to WHO, the new diseases that have evolved and affected humans in the past 15-20 years are majorly those of animal origin (such as Avian influenza. H5N1) Lack of sanitation, and inadequate prevention and control of infections may promote the spread of microbes resistant to antimicrobial treatment. Therefore, use of antimicrobials should be scrutinized in order to establish an effective set of laws and regulations to safeguard not only the well-being of the population but also for the economic stability of a country.
Epidemiological Study on Shigella from Meat and its Public Health Significance
Authors: Rabins Leonal
Published: March 2022

Astudy was designed to isolate and characterize the Shigella spp., from raw meat sold in Puducherry. A total of 150 raw meat samples (Chicken, chevon and beef each 50) were analyzed. Overall prevalence of 28(18.7%) isolates recovered and species were of Sh.dysenteriae and Sh. flexneri. Amongst 23 isolates maximum was recovered from chicken meat 14 (50%) followed by 7 (25%) chevon and 7 (25%) beef. Sh. dysenteriae was higher than Sh.flexneri. All the Sh. dysenteriae isolates were confirmed by PCR. Out of 14 PCR confirmed isolates of Sh. dysenteriae, 13 (92.8%) produced biofilm on modified congo red agar. In a total of 14 cultural and biochemical tests confirmed isolates of Sh.flexneri, 9 (64.2%) were of biofilm producers. Isolates showed maximum sensitivity against cefotaxime, azithromycin and cephalexin and complete resistance against amoxicillin and metronidazole. The high level of bacteria which could cause food borne illness in various foods presents public health risk to the consumer. This suggests the need to implement strict hygienic control measures along the food chain to improve the hygienic conditions during manufacturing, handling, storage and commercialization of foods.
Screening of Soybean Genotypes against Collar Rot using Direct Soil Application Method
Authors: Dutta Priyankee
Published: March 2022

The present investigation was carried out at the greenhouse of the Department of Plant Pathology, AAU Jorhat during 2018 to study the disease reaction of 15 genotypes of Soybean against Collar rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. The genotypes were screened for their resistance against Collar rot using direct soil application method. The results showed that no genotypes were found to be immune or completely resistant. PS1347, BRAGG, JS335 however showed moderate resistance against collar rot.
Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibilities of Candida Isolates Recovered from High Risk Neonates and Infants from Tertiary Care Hospital in Northern India
Authors: Mohd Waseeque Khan Sarver Jahan , Fatima Nazish
Published: March 2022

In recent years, fungal infections have risen exponentially and are a cause of significant morbidity and mortality especially in high risk babies. Although Candida albicans remains the most common fungal isolate from neonatal candidemia, longitudinal studies have detected a shift towards non-albicans Candida (NAC) species. To study the species distribution and antifungal susceptibility pattern of candidiasis among high risk neonates and infants. Samples were collected aseptically from 128 high risk neonates and infants admitted in the NICU and HDU at JNMCH, Aligarh from February 2013 to October 2014. They were cultured and identified by standard microbiological techniques. Antifungal susceptibility testing (Disc diffusion and broth micro dilution-minimum inhibitory concentration (BMD-MIC) was performed and interpreted as per NCCLS (M27-A2) and CLSI guidelines. Of the 128 neonates and infants studied 89 (69.5 %) had septicaemia, 14(10.9 %) had oral thrush and 12 (9.4 %) had urinary tract infections. In our study we found 39 cases from which 49 isolates of Candida were isolated from different specimen. Of the 39 candidiasis cases Candida albicans (59.2%) was the most common species isolated while non albicans Candida (NAC) were 40.8% (C. tropicalis 14.3%, C. parapsilosis 12.2%, C. guilliermondii 6.2%, C. glabrata 4%, C. krusei 2% and C. dubliniensis 2%). Resistance to fluconazole, ketoconazole, clotrimazole was observed in 10.3%, 10.3%, 6.8% isolates of C. albicans respectively. Resistance to fluconazole, clotrimazole and amphotericin B was observed in 15%, 20%, 16.7% isolates of NAC respectively. No resistance was observed against itraconazole and nystatin. The maximum mortality was found in patients with NAC infections (52.9%) in comparison to C. albicans infection (31.8%). There is a considerable increase in Candida infections especially with NAC in neonates and infants with more resistance towards antifungal drugs.
Physiochemical and Microbial Composition of Soil around Sawmill Sites in a Rainy Season
Authors: Martins V. Obike , Oji Ngozi N. C. , Ezifule A. J. Ugochukwu , Uma S.A. , Okereke O.H.
Published: March 2022

This study assessed the effect of sawmill effluents introduced into the soils and its impact on physiochemical and microbial composition of the soil. Topsoil samples were collected from two sawmilling sites at depths of 0m, 50m, 100m and 500m (which served as control). Physicochemical parameters such as pH, organic matter, organic carbon, and microbial composition of the soil within the milling sites were analyzed using standard methods. Soil pH values ranged from 5.04 – 6.90. The soil pH decreased with depth at both sites but became strongly acid at …m depths. The order of soil organic matter content was 0m, > 50m, > 100m > 500m. Soil organic matter in Okigwe sawmill site decreased from 4.36mg/kg in the 0m depth to 3.05mg/kg in 100m depth while the mean soil organic matter ranged from 0.86mg/kg to 2.32mg/kg in Ahiaeke site. However, mean values of organic matter across depths were significantly (p< 0.05) different from each other in both sites. ECEC of 17.96 and 10.10cmolkg-1 were obtained in the upper layer (0m) of the soils of the Ahiaeke and Okigwe sites, respectively. Although there was decrease in the ECEC values with increase in depth, the Okigwe site had higher ECEC values relative to the samples from Ahiaeke. The soil collected at 0m had more sodium (0.252mg/kg) than the sample obtained at 500m (0.174mg/kg) and 100m (0.131mg/kg) each. It could thus be inferred that the wood processing activity was impacting positively by providing sodium to the soil which is a very vital mineral pivotal for plant growth. Soil samples collected at a depth of 0m and 50m had 2.00mg/kg and 2.40mg/kg of magnesium respectively. The magnesium values obtained for soil collected at the various depths differed significantly (P<0.05) from the control samples. Nucleotide sequences of bacterial 16S rRNA gene fragments retrieved from bacterial isolates in this study were deposited in the GenBank nucleotide sequence database under accession nos. MK621199, MK621103, MK621201, MK640631, MK640622, MK640625, MK640623, MK640628, MK640630, MK621201, MK643270, MK621195, MK640785, MK640842 and MK640843 for the bacterial isolate whereas the fungal isolates were deposited with MK621199, MK621202, MK640642 and MK640638 (NCBI GenBank, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Bacterial isolates identified from the rhizosphere of soil based on the morphological and biochemical characteristics included Norcadia sp, Streptomyces sp, Rhodococcus sp and, Actinomyces sp. These are important species of microorganisms with potential for production of secondary metabolites useful in agriculture.
Effect of Replacement of Maize with Graded Levels of Mango Seed Kernel Powder on Gut Microbial Count in Giriraja Birds
Authors: H. C. Indresh P. Govindappa , N. Jaishankar Jayanaik
Published: March 2022

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of replacement of maize with graded levels of mango-seed kernel powder on gut microbial count in Giriraja birds during 1 to 8 weeks of age. A total of 150 one day old Giriraja chicks were distributed into five treatment groups with three replicates in each group and ten chicks in each replicate. Basal diet (T1) prepared following ICAR (2013) and the experimental diets were prepared by replacing maize with mango-seed kernel powder at 2.5 per cent in T2, 5 per cent in T3, 7.5 per cent in T4 and 10 per cent in T5, respectively. The results revealed that non significant (P > 0.05) difference in E. Coli count and Lactobacillus count compared to control and other treatment groups. Based on the above results it was concluded that maize can be replaced with mango-seed kernel powder up to 10 per cent in a diet without any adverse effects on gut microbial count in Giriraja birds.
Effect of Feeding Different Levels of Moringa Leaf Powder on Immune Response in Raja II Broiler Chicken
Authors: H. C. Indresh K. Sudharshan , B. C. Umashankar T. N. Krishnamurthy
Published: March 2022

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of feeding different levels of Moringa leaf powder on immunological response in Raja II broiler chicken. A total of 150 one day old Raja II broiler chicks were distributed into five treatment groups with three replicates in each group and ten chicks in each replicate. Basal diet (T1) prepared following Indian council of agricultural research (2013) standards and the experimental diets were prepared by incorporating moringa leaf powder at 2.5 per cent (T2), 5 per cent (T3), 7.5 per cent (T4) and 10 per cent (T5). Blood samples will be collected from two birds from each replicate on 42nd day. Serum will be separated and antibody titer against Newcastle disease virus and Infectious bursal disease virus will be estimated by HI and ELISA test, respectively. At the end of the experiment, two birds from each replicate in each treatment groups will be slaughtered to record the weights of lymphoid organs viz., thymus, bursa fabricius and spleen. Results revealed no significant improvement on immune response against Newcastle disease and Infectious bursal disease on the 42nd day of the experiment and also non-significant difference on immune organ weight.
Effect of NPS Compost and Foliar Application of Humic Acid on Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Safed Musli
Authors: Ayesh Shende B. Age , Varsha Tapre S. M. Bhoyar , S. Laharia S. D. Jadhao , D. S. Kankal P. S. Solunke , Mali D. V.
Published: March 2022

The present investigation was conducted during kharif, 2019-20 at Research Farm, Nagarjun Medicinal Plants Garden, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra. The site of experiment having history of 10 years safed musli cultivation along with application of various organic sources i.e., FYM, vermicompost, biogass slurry no chemical fertilizers were applied last 10 years only organic site of this experiment. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments replicated in three replications. The results indicated that the soil application of NPS compost @ 4.5 t ha-1 + 2 spray of 0.5 % humic acid at 60 and 90 days of planting (DAP) was recorded significantly highest yield attributing characters which was found at par with application NPS compost @ 3.0 t ha-1 + 2 spray of 0.5 % humic acid. Similarly, the soil application of NPS compost @ 4.5 t ha-1 + 2 spray of 0.5 % humic acid was recorded significantly highest fresh root and dry root yield of safed musali which was found at par with application of NPS compost @ 3.0 t ha-1 + 2 spray of 0.5 % humic acid. The application of NPS compost @ 4.5 t ha-1 + 2 spray of 0.5 % humic acid was recorded significantly highest nutrient uptake i.e N, P, K, S, Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu by safed musli which was found at par with application of NPS compost @ 3.0 t ha-1 + 2 spray of 0.5 % humic acid and found superior over rest of the treatments and absolute control.
Antibiogram and Bacteriological Analysis of Biofilm Producing Isolates in Bore Hole Water from Hospitals facilities in Port Harcourt Rivers State
Authors: Janet Olufunmilayo Williams , Salome Ibietela Douglas , Golden Chukwuma Onyedibia
Published: March 2022

The study was conducted at three (3) hospitals; University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Meridian Hospital D / line branch (MRD1) and Meridian Hospital Ikoku branch, all located in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Sample collection was for three (3) months, analysis was carried out daily for six (6) months. A total of Forty-five (45) water samples were collected for a period of three (3) months from the three (3) hospitals. The samples were labelled properly, according to date and time of collection. The collected samples were subjected to standard microbiological procedures which included standard plate counts, identification, biofilm screening, sensitivity testing using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, Phenotypic screening of extended spectrum beta lactamase and molecular characterization of the isolates. The physicochemical and bacteriological quality of the water samples were analysed using standard methods. The results of the bacterial population of water samples from the hospitals showed that the total heterotrophic bacterial counts ranged from 0.7 to 1.1 x104 cfu/ml while total coliform and faecal coliform counts ranged from 0.3 to 0.5 x 102 cfu/ml and 0.1 to 0.2 x102 cfu/ml, respectively. There was a significant difference (p≤0.05) in the total heterotrophic bacterial, total coliform and faecal coliform counts between the hospitals sampled. A total of nineteen (19) bacterial isolates were isolated from water samples and 13(68.4%) isolates were identified as biofilm producers. The biofilm bacteria identified were 46.1% Staphylococcus, 15.4% E. coli, 23.1% Pseudomonas and 15.4% Proteus species. Biofilm forming ability of bacteria is considered a virulent factor and it is implicated to being a possible cause of increased resistance to most antibiotics. Varying susceptibility patterns was observed among biofilm isolates. Biofilm bacteria were resistant to several groups of antibiotics. Ofloxacin, Gentamycin, Imipenem and Nitrofurantoin can be used as drugs of interest for biofilm producing bacteria associated with bore hole water from hospitals studied. CTX-M and TET A gene were identified in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis biofilm bacteria in this study and could be possible factors that confer resistance to antibiotics. The presence of icaD and papC gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis have been found from genomic studies to be possible factors that confer biofilm producing ability. This study highlighted the presence of biofilm producing bacteria in bore hole water and their resistance to antibiotics. Therefore, there is need for improvement in water treatment practices as well as therapeutic guidance for confirmed infections related to consumption of water containing bacteria with biofilm producing ability.
Analytical study of the value chains of Garlic crop and the role of agricultural manufacturing in Beni Suef Governorate, Egypt
Authors: Mohamed Attwa Mohamed Hussien , Ahmed Hussien Hussien Mohamed , Hassan Dewdar Mohamed Desouki , Rabee Mansour Ghedan Ghada Abd El Samee
Published: March 2022

The study mainly aims to analyze the value chains for the production, processing and marketing of the garlic crop in Beni Suef Governorate, Egypt and the most important problems and obstacles it faces in the production, manufacturing and marketing stages, and to propose solutions to them. The results show that the best pictures for marketing garlic can be arranged as follows. Exporting fasting comes in the form of mature, plasticized garlic, followed by exporting it in the form of dried garlic slices or powder, then in the form of immature garlic, and finally in the form of mature garlic, where the added value of each of them is about 28,648 pounds. 28,350 pounds, 24000 pounds, zero pounds, respectively. In the case of arranging according to the net return indicators, the total return on costs and the return on the invested pound, the export of plasticized ripe garlic comes in the first order, followed by immature garlic, then dried and then mature garlic that is marketed in the local market, where the value of the net return amounted to about 25468, 19885, 16615 and 10688 pounds, respectively. While the return on the invested pound amounted to about 2.09, 0.99, 0.53, and 0.49 for each of them, respectively. Beni Suef Governorate is considered the first in terms of area and production of garlic for the republic, where it is planted about 36.4%, and produces about 40.4% of the production of the republic and the average costs of production per fed amount to about 21.712 pounds, the percentage of fixed costs in it about 30.2%, while variable costs represent about 69.8%. Rent comes in the first order of fixed costs, representing about 29.5% of the total costs, while labor costs in all stages of production come at the forefront of the arrangement of variable costs and represent about 19.7%, followed by the costs of chemical fertilizers, which represent about 13.9% of the total costs.
Chemical Management of Alternaria leaf and fruit spot of apple
Authors: Raheeba Tun Nisa Altaf Ahmad Wani , Rashid Rameesa
Published: March 2022

In Jammu and Kashmir, a number of diseases like scab, Alternaria leaf blotch, Marsonena, sooty blotch, fly-speck and a number of post-harvest diseases pose a major threat to the apple industry. The occurrence of Alternaria leaf blotch in J&K was reported and the disease is prevalent in almost all the apple growing districts of Kashmir valley. Alternaria leaf blotch was considered a disease of minor importance in comparison to apple scab. However, the disease resulted in epidemic during summer of 2013, and about 40-60 per cent yield loss was reported. This epidemic was attributed to climate change ( high temperature coupled with prolonged rains), absence of disease forecasting system in the valley and also to the fact that currently used fungicides do not provide satisfactory level of disease control. When overwintering mycelium forms conidia and infects fresh budding apple leaves in the spring, the infection begins. After 90 days after flowering, a rise in temperature combined with significant rainfall and relative humidity enhances secondary infection in leaves and fruits. For disease control, a variety of techniques are available, including cultural, chemical, resistance, and biological approaches. We'll go through the disease's cause, symptoms, and treatment options here.
Effect of Biochar Amendment on Vermicomposting of Parthenium hysterophorus Biomass
Authors: Sabarish R. , Prakash M.
Published: March 2022

A 15 day precomposted biomass of Parthenium hysterophorus in combination with cow dung (1:1, wt./wt.) was vermicomposted along with biochar amendment at different concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8%) using the earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae for 50 days. The change of physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductance (EC), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), total organic carbon (TOC), C/N ratio and C/P ratio for the initial substrates, control (final substrate maintained without earthworms) and vermicompost was analyzed. Besides, the level of total microbial population, viz., bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes were performed using the plate dilution technique. The results revealed that the treatment with 4-6% biochar enhanced the EC, total NPK and total microbial populations considerably in comparison with control substrates after 50 days. The 4% biochar amendment showed a maximum of 2.46% TKN followed by the 6% biochar amendment (2.25% TKN). The pH, TOC, C/N and C/P ratios in the vermicomposts of all the treatments were lowered from the initial levels with a maximum decline in biochar amendments. The initial C/N ratio of the substrates was ranged from 34.27 to 58.28 while the final range was found between 12.48 and 17.33. The total microbial population of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the final vermicompost was intensified in all the treatments. The findings of the present study reveal that the biochar amendment (4-6%) to vermicomposting of Parthenium hysterophorus+cow dung (1:1) improves the nutrient and total microbial population.
FACTORES QUE INFLUYEN EN EL ÉXITO DE LA IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE LA TRANSFORMACIÓN DIGITAL
Authors:   Corporación Universitaria Republicana, BERMÚDEZ IRREÑO CARLOS ARTURO
Published: March 2022

Digital transformation is one of the topics that has become more relevant in the organizational environment in recent years; with the aim of obtaining a higher performance in various aspects and additionally achieve a competitive advantage in the global market. However, confusion has been generated when trying to implement this concept in various organizations, seeing that this phenomenon is more evident in SMEs; therefore, we proceed to make in this article a simple and concrete description of its meaning, implementation in organizations and in turn an analysis of the factors that have greater relevance within its implementation in an organization. The description of the various steps that must be followed to get the most out of these factors.
Barriers towards the Prevention and Treatment of Malaria among Pregnant Women at the Nkwen Health Center Bamenda, Cameroon
Authors: Nkfusai Ngwayu Claude , Cumber Samuel , Bede Fala , NjokahWepngong Emerson , Tambe Tabe , Wirsiy Frankline , Achu Jacintha , Suh Bih , Anyang Frankline , MahlakoTsoka-Gwegweni Joyce
Published: March 2022

Malaria remains an important public health problem such that, assessing the challenges experienced among pregnant women (vulnerable) with the uptake of malaria prevention methods and treatment is pertinent. This hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive study that was carried out at a Medicalized Health Center in Nkwen, Cameroon, sought to assess the barriers to malaria prevention faced by 51 pregnant women who attended antenatal clinic (ANC). Over 88% of participants were 15-30 years old. All participants knew at least one symptom of malaria, with 20% of them confirmed to have taken intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) and 53% reported using insecticide-treated bed net (ITN). Educating pregnant women and their spouses on the uptake of IPTp and the use of ITN is a key strategy to curb its high malaria morbidity and mortality rates.
 
Copyright © 2022 Nkfusai et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.
National Trends in Hospitalization, Surgical Resection, and Comorbidities in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the United States, 2002-2015
Authors: Ihekweazu Faith D. , Dongarwar Deepa , Salihu Hamisu M. , Kellermeyer Richard
Published: March 2022

Background and Objective: Therapeutic options for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) have dramatically changed over the last 20 years. However, the impact of modern medical management on PIBD outcomes remains unclear. We aimed to fill this gap in the literature by using a large, validated, national database, to study the change in hospitalization rates, surgical rates, and postoperative complications in PIBD over the last decade.
Methods: The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) Database and ICD-9-CM codes were utilized to identify inpatient admissions with a primary or secondary diagnosis of pediatric Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) from 2002-2015. Trends in hospitalizations, comorbidities (including malnutrition and weight loss), surgical procedures, and postoperative complications were examined using joinpoint regression analysis, a statistical modeling approach to evaluate the extent to which the rate of a condition changes over time.
Results: There were 119,282 admissions for PIBD during the study period. The annual incidence of hospitalization increased significantly over time for both CD (average annual percent change [AAPC] 6.0%) and UC (AAPC 7.2%). The rate of intestinal resection decreased in CD patients (AAPC -6.4%) while postoperative complications remained unchanged. However, comorbidities increased significantly in CD patients (AAPC 6.8%). For pediatric UC patients, postoperative complications (AAPC 6.7%), and comorbidities (AAPC 10.2%) increased significantly over time while intestinal resection rates remained stable. Intestinal resection rate in pediatric CD has decreased over time, but not in pediatric UC.
Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Annual incidence of hospitalization and comorbidities continue to increase in PIBD. Intestinal resection rate in pediatric CD has decreased over time, but not in pediatric UC. Our findings emphasize the critical need for prevention and novel therapeutic options for this vulnerable patient population.
 
Copyright © 2021 Ihekweazu et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.
Lymphocyte Antigen 9 as a potential immunotherapeutic target and a new prognostic biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Deng Kun , Xu Zhanyu , Yuan Liqiang , Qin Fanglu , Zheng Zhiwen , Huang Liuliu , Jiang Wei , Qin Junqi , Sun Yu , Zheng Tiaozhan , Zheng Liping , Li Shikang
Published: March 2022

BackgroundLymphocyte Antigen 9 (LY9) participates in the development of several tumors and diseases. However, it has not been reported yet in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). MethodsFirst, we retrieved the pan-cancer transcriptomic and clinical data from the UCSC official website and performed LY9 differential expression analysis. Then, we used the Kaplan-Meier Plotter and GEPIA databases to perform prognostic analysis of LY9 expression in pan-cancer. Additionally, we conducted correlation analysis of LY9 expression in LUAD with immune cell infiltration using the TIMER database and the CIBERSOFT algorithm, and with immune checkpoints using the GEPIA database. Also, we constructed a potential ceRNA network for LY9. Furthermore, we explored LY9-related pathways by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Finally, we collected LUAD tissues for Quantitative Real-time PCR to verify the expression of LY9, CD8, and CD4 and calculated the correlation between them. ResultsResults showed that LY9 was highly expressed in various tumors, including LUAD. Besides, patients with high LY9 expression presented longer overall survival and more multiple lymphocyte infiltrations. The expression of LY9 in LUAD promotes the infiltration of multiple immune cells, while significantly and positively correlating with immune checkpoints. The functional enrichment analysis indicated that LY9 was involved in multiple immune-related pathways and non-small cell lung cancer. Moreover, a ceRNA regulatory network of LINC00943-hsa-miR-141-3p-LY9 might be involved. Finally, the qRT-PCR results verified that the expression of LY9 in LUAD has a strong and positive correlation with CD4 and CD8 T cells. ConclusionSo LY9 can be a new prognostic biomarker and immunotherapeutic target for LUAD.
Wer versetzt wen oder was wohin – und wozu?
Authors: Przybylka Nicola
Published: March 2022

Augmented Reality (AR) und Virtual Reality (VR) werden verstärkt in schulischen Anwendungskontexten diskutiert. Es wird erwartet, dass beide Technologien neue Möglichkeiten für das Lehren und Lernen eröffnen: Schülerinnen und Schüler sollen zum einen in vergangene Zeiten oder an unerreichbare Orte versetzt werden und diese zuweilen aus der Perspektive bzw. im Körper einer anderen Person erleben. Zum anderen wird das Potenzial gesehen, Objekte oder Personen in das Klassenzimmer zu holen und zu untersuchen bzw. zu befragen. Der Beitrag geht diesem Versetzen in andere Zeiten, Räume und Körper nach, das mit Augmented und Virtual Reality verknüpft wird, und stellt dabei eine Eigenschaft in den Fokus, die von der Autorin als ‹Entrahmung der Bildlichkeit› bezeichnet wird. Dieses Spezifikum wird jedoch nicht als der Technik per se eingeschrieben betrachtet. Stattdessen schlüsselt der Beitrag dessen Entstehung als Zusammenspiel zwischen der Funktionslogik beider Technologien und den diskursiven Zuschreibungen (an den Lernerfolg) auf. Anhand von AR- und VR-Anwendungen für die Fächer Sport, Geschichte und Geografie wird beispielhaft diskutiert, wie die ‹Entrahmung der Bildlichkeit› thematisch ausgestaltet wird und wie damit einhergehende Wissens- und Machteinschreibungen neue didaktische Herausforderungen schaffen.
Nirupama Borgohain and her novels
Authors: Sarmah Sunita
Published: March 2022

Nirupama Borgohain is one of the most prominent female voices of Assam. She has contributed more than thirty books to Assamese literature. Her novels are mainly based on realism where she has consciously dealt with the problem of inequality that exist men and women in society. She always highlights the plight of women and their protest against patriarchal values. She is an Indian journalist and novelist in the Assamese Language. She is a Sahitya Akademi Award winner and best known for her novel 'Abhiyatri'. She was a recipient of the Assam Valley Literary Award.
Approach to labial fusion in children: 16 years of experience
Authors: Öztorun Can İhsan , Erten Elif Emel , Bostancı Süleyman Arif , Demirkaya Şükrüye , Ertürk Ahmet , Demir Sabri , Güney Doğuş , Keskin Gülsen , Azılı Müjdem , Şenel Emrah
Published: March 2022

Aim: We aimed to retrospectively evaluate the patients with labial fusion who presented to or were referred to the pediatric surgery clinic in a tertiary pediatric hospital.
Material and Method: Between 01/01/2005 and 31/12/2020, 889 patients admitted or consulted to the pediatric surgery clinic due to labial fusion, age at the time of diagnosis, complaints on admission, which clinic referred the patient to the pediatric surgery clinic, treatments, recurrence, and complications were evaluated retrospectively.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 2.21 (0.1–11) years. Most of the patients (82.5%) were asymptomatic. Parents noticed the condition and brought their child directly to the pediatric surgery clinic in 72.3% of the cases. Otherwise, patients were consulted to the pediatric surgery clinic from pediatric clinics, the pediatric endocrinology clinic, the pediatric nephrology clinic, or the pediatric emergency department. During the initial examination, manual separation was performed in 885 patients, and surgery was required for four patients. After the procedures, hydrotherapy with warm water and topical estrogen therapy were applied to all patients for 15 days. Recurrence was detected in 80 (9.0%) patients who were treated by manual separation. Manual separation was performed again in 78 of the patients, while surgical separation was performed in two (2.5%) patients who had severe fibrotic fusions.
Conclusion: In the treatment of labial fusion, we recommend the combination of manual separation and topical estrogen cream treatment because it can be applied safely in the clinic, and the recurrence rate is low. Surgical separation is preferred in severe, thick, and fibrotic labial fusions.
Evaluation of Clinical and Laboratory Findings and Diagnostic Difficulties in Children with Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Authors: Karagöl Cüneyt , Yiğit Metin
Published: March 2022

Aim: In this study, we evaluated the clinical and laboratory data of healthy children with vitamin B12 deficiency. The benefits of methylmalonic acid (MMA) and homocysteine levels and the difficulties encountered in diagnosing vitamin B12 deficiency were pointed out.
Materials and Methods: A total of 70 healthy children whose serum cobalamin levels were below 126.5 pg/ml were included in the study. The age, gender, serum vitamin B12, urine MMA, plasma homocysteine, white blood cell, hemoglobin, thrombocyte, main corpuscular volume (MCV), main platelet volume (MPV), folic acid, and ferritin levels were obtained retrospectively from the hospital’s medical records. The correlation analysis test compared vitamin B12 with MMA and homocysteine.
Results: The mean age was 8.21±6.15 years, and vitamin B12 deficiency was found in 6.29% of healthy children. Cobalamin levels ranged from 50-126 pg/ml, with a mean of 102.57±18.97 pg/ml. Urine MMA and serum homocysteine levels were 0.59±0.67 ng/ml and 13.50±0.67 g/dl, respectively. The correlation coefficient value (r) was found to be -0.342 and -0.437, moderately negative for MMA and homocysteine, respectively. MMA levels were normal in 36 patients, and homocysteine levels were normal in 48 patients.
Conclusions: Vitamin B12 deficiency is a common micronutrient deficiency in children. The diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency can be complex in healthy children who do not display typical laboratory findings, particularly elevated MMA and homocysteine.
Nutritional Interventions by Local Governments as an Effort to Accelerate Stunting Reduction
Authors: Erlyn Putri , Hidayat Bachtari , Fatoni Agus , Saksono Herie
Published: March 2022

Nutritional problems, known as stunting, are a major threat to the quality of Indonesian society that interferes with children's physical growth and brain development disorders that will affect their achievement. This study aims to analyze the nutrition intervention program and program achievements carried out by the Palembang City government. The research method used is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. This study uses secondary data from the Palembang City Health Office to measure the number of short toddlers taking measurements in the October 2021 period. This is continued by describing the achievements of the nutrition intervention program that has been carried out by the Palembang City government and analyzing the problems that exist in the stunting program in Palembang City using the SWOT method. This study found that specific nutrition interventions were carried out through health programs while sensitive nutrition interventions were carried out through environmental programs. In an effort to reduce stunting in the city of Palembang, the strengths are stunting data collected by name by address and program innovations run at health centers. However, the weakness is that there is not optimal coordination and program synergy between related agencies. Low community motivation and lack of knowledge related to child-rearing patterns are a challenge, but the Palembang City government's commitment, as stated in the Mayor's Regulation policy, becomes the basis and direction of policy in designing stunting reduction and programs for the next five years.