bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah Sebagai Upaya Penguatan Karakter Demokratis Mahasiswa
Authors: Harahap Rizky Dinda Sarmita , Murdiono Mukhamad , Siagian Liber
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to describe the implementation of problem-based learning models in strengthening the democratic character of students. The type of research used in this study was descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The researchers used observation, interview, and documentation techniques to obtain data. In addition, they checked the validity of the data by triangulation technique. The data analysis techniques contained data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The results of this study indicated that the application of the problem-based learning model could strengthen the democratic character of students by orienting students to problems, organizing students for learning, guiding individual and group investigations, developing and presenting work, and analyzing and evaluating problem-solving processes. Furthermore, strengthening democratic character through problem-based learning is carried out when identifying issues that occur by integrating honest, fair, and participatory attitudes.
PROBLEMATIKA GURU DALAM PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH
Authors: Raihany Vinny , Widjaya Shaffia Darma , Meliya Rinita , Andi Andi
Published: January 2023

This research can be a reference for teachers in the use and development of historical learning media in order to achieve effective, efficient, creative, and innovative learning objectives. The use and development of learning media is also a must for every teacher so that it helps in clarifying learning materials and arouses students' interest and motivation in learning history. This study used qualitative research methods. The sources that are used as references in this research are scientific journals, scientific articles, and interviews that are related to research. Identification of problems in this study are 1) History teachers have not been able to develop and utilize history learning media, meaning that history teachers have not been able to use learning media in accordance with learning objectives. 2) The history teacher has not used various types of media, meaning that the teacher does not know and understand the various types of media that can be used in accordance with the learning material. 3) The lack of teacher knowledge on the use of technology in history learning means that teachers are not yet competent in using various types of designs and various types of media with the help of technology. 4) History teachers are less creative and innovative in the use of media for history learning, meaning that teachers have not been able to work in using media.Penelitian ini dapat menjadi acuan bagi guru dalam penggunaan dan pengembangan media pembelajaran sejarah untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran yang efektif, efisien, kreatif, dan inovatif. Penggunaan dan pengembangan media pembelajaran juga merupakan suatu keharusan bagi setiap guru sehingga membantu dalam memperjelas materi pembelajaran dan membangkitkan minat dan motivasi siswa dalam belajar sejarah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Sumber yang dijadikan referensi dalam penelitian ini adalah jurnal ilmiah, artikel ilmiah, dan wawancara yang berkaitan dengan penelitian. Identifikasi masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah 1) Guru sejarah belum mampu mengembangkan dan memanfaatkan media pembelajaran sejarah, artinya guru sejarah belum mampu menggunakan media pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan tujuan pembelajaran. 2) Guru sejarah belum menggunakan berbagai jenis media, artinya guru belum mengetahui dan memahami berbagai jenis media yang dapat digunakan sesuai dengan materi pembelajaran. 3) Kurangnya pengetahuan guru tentang pemanfaatan teknologi dalam pembelajaran sejarah menyebabkan guru belum kompeten dalam menggunakan berbagai jenis desain dan berbagai jenis media dengan bantuan teknologi. 4) Guru sejarah kurang kreatif dan inovatif dalam penggunaan media untuk pembelajaran sejarah, artinya guru belum bisa bekerja dalam menggunakan media.
ANALISIS BUTIR SOAL UJIAN MAPEL SEJARAH (PEMINATAN) KELAS XII DI MAN SUMENEP TAHUN AJARAN 2021/2022
Authors: Aji Saputra Mochammad Ronaldy , Sayono Joko
Published: January 2023

PThis study aims to determine the quality of the Madrasah Final Examination (UAM) questions in the History subject (Specialization) at MAN Sumenep through item analysis. This research is a type of quantitative descriptive research. Analysis of the items to be examined are the results of tests of validity, reliability, level of difficulty, discriminating power, and deceptive power with the help of Microsoft Excel and SPSS 16.0. The results showed that the types of questions based on cognitive level were 10 percent LOTS questions, 18 percent MOTS questions, and 72 percent HOTS questions. Then based on the subject matter, it is 25 percent for class X and XI, and 50 percent for class XII. The level of validity (exceeding r-table) totaled 32 valid questions and 8 invalid items. The data reliability level of 0.409 is still inconsistent because it is still lacking 0.50. The level of difficulty resulted in 2 decisions, namely being rejected/revised because it was very easy with 12 questions and being accepted in the moderate category with 28 questions. The level of discriminating power resulted in 2 decisions, which were totally revised with an unsatisfactory category of 8 questions and totally revised/rejected by 32 questions. The distractor function works well because the multiple choices A, B, C, D, and E in questions are more than 5 percent. The results of the item analysis recommend that the UAM History Questions (Specialization) still need to be revised again with better quality questions.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas soal Ujian Akhir Madrasah (UAM) pada mapel Sejarah (Peminatan)di MAN Sumenep melalui analisis butir soal. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Analisis butir soal yang akan diteliti adalah hasil uji validitas, reliabilitas, tingkat kesukaran, daya pembeda, dan daya pengecoh dengan berbantuan microsoft excel dan SPSS 16.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa jenis soal berdasarkan tingkatan kognitifnya 10 persen soal LOTS, 18 persen soal MOTS, dan 72 persen soal HOTS. Kemudian berdarsarkan mapelnya sebanyak 25 persen kelas X dan XI, dan 50 persen kelas XII. Tingkat validitas (melebihi r-tabel) berjumlah 32 butir soal valid dan 8 butir soal tidak valid. Tingkat reliabilitas data sebesar 0,409 masih kurang konsisten karena masih kurang 0,50. Tingkat kesukaran menghasilkan 2 keputusan yaitu ditolak/direvisi karena sangat mudah sebanyak 12 soal dan diterima kategori sedang sebanyak 28 soal. Tingkat daya pembeda menghasilkan 2 keputusan yaitu direvisi total dengan kategori tidak memuaskan sebanyak 8 soal dan direvisi total/ditolak sebanyak 32 soal. Fungsi distraktor (pengecoh) dapat berfungsi baik karena pilihan ganda A, B, C, D, dan E pada soal lebih dari 5 persen. Hasil analisis butir soal merekomendasikan bahwa Soal UAM Sejarah (Peminatan) masih perlu direvisi kembali dengan kualitas soal yang lebih baik.
PERANCANGAN KOMUNIKASI VISUAL PERMAINAN PAPAN HOLOGRAFIK PENGENALAN HEWAN LAUT YANG TERANCAM PUNAH PADA ANAK-ANAK DI KOTA PALEMBANG
Authors: Yuriantika Rizka
Published: January 2023

Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia karena memiliki laut yang luas dan jumlah pulau yang banyak. Keberadaan hewan laut di Indonesia semakin terancam yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor alam dan manusia. Upaya dalam pelestarian hewan laut yang terancam punah masih belum diketahui terutama oleh anak-anak di kota Palembang. Pengenalan hewan laut yang terancam punah digunakan melalui permainan papan dengan memanfaatkan teknologi holografik. Teknik holografik ini dapat menarik perhatian anak-anak dalam mengenali hewan laut yang terancam punah. Dalam memecahkan permasalahan tersebut perancang menggunakan metode Design Thinking untuk pengumpulan data dan analisis data melalui metode 5W+2H (what, why, who, where, why, how dan how much), sehingga menghasilkan suatu ide yang dapat diterapkan pada tahap tes untuk anak-anak berusia 6-13 tahun. Karya yang dirancang dikategorikan menjadi tiga media, yaitu media utama berupa permainan papan holografik ”Hologame”, media isu diantaranya, poster, brosur, x-banner dan media pendukung diantaranya, t-shirt, tumbler, stiker, cap tangan, buku tulis, sampul buku, pensil, penghapus, handuk, mistar, miniatur, sampul kado, sapu tangan, piramida holografik, color markers dan video. Penerapan media tersebut menggunakan ilustrasi karakter hewan laut yang terancam punah, sehingga anak-anak di kota Palembang lebih menarik dalam mengenal hewan laut yang terancam punah.
PILU MEMBIRU MUSICAL FORM ANALYSIS BY KUNTO AJI
Authors: Bazir Rizkyatul , Hidayat Robby , Pristiati Tutut
Published: January 2023

Musical form is the composition of music in a composition of motifs, themes, and phrases. Musical forms according to the number of sentences is divided into three types, namely one-part musical form, two-part musical form, and three-part musical form. This study aims to describe the musical form of the song "Pilu Membiru" by Kunto Aji. This research uses a qualitative descriptive research method. The data in the research were obtained using observation, interviews, and documentation by testing the validity of the data using triangulation. The results of this research indicate that the song "Pilu Membiru" by Kunto Aji has a complex three-part musical form. In the A complex section, there are 2 main themes and 1 transition theme. In part B complex there are 2 main themes with new themes that are played over and over again. Part C complex is a series of parts A complex and is played with increased dynamics to emphasize the part of the song. The complex three-part form of the song "Pilu Membiru" can be written in the musical form Ak (A, AI, B, BI, C ) - Bk (AII, D, D, D, D, D, D) - Ck (B, BI, C).The complex three-part form of the song "Pilu Membiru" can be written in the musical form Ak (A, AI, B, BI, C ) - Bk (AII, D, D, D, D, D, D) - Ck (B, BI, C).
Asumsi Pendidikan Orang Dewasa (Andragogy) Dalam Retorika Dakwah KH. Anwar Zahid
Authors: Laksono Bayu Adi , Hamdan Ahmad , Waliyyan Azka
Published: January 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memotret asumsi pendidikan orang dewasa (andragogy) dalam retorika dakwah KH. Anwar Zahid. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisis konten atau analisis isi. Bahan dokumentasi dalam penelitian ini adalah video ceramah dengan judul KH. Anwar Zahid Terbaru 2020 Live Kembangan Kebomas Kabupaten Gresik Jawa Timur dengan durasi 1 jam 59 menit yang diambil dari situs video berbagi Youtube. Total materi dakwah yang berkaitan dengan asumsi pendidikan orang dewasa (andragogy) sebanyak 24 materi yang terhimpun dalam tiga asumsi yakni kebutuhan untuk tahu, konsep diri, serta motivasi. Asumsi lainnya seperti peran pengalaman, kesiapan belajar, maupun orientasi belajar tidak muncul. Dari 24 materi dakwah yang terhimpun dalam tiga asumsi, yang paling banyak dikaji adalah asumsi yang berkaitan dengan konsep diri yakni sebanyak 10 materi dakwah, sedangkan materi dakwah yang berkaitan dengan asumsi kebutuhan untuk tahu sebanyak 7 materi, dan yang berkaitan dengan asumsi motivasi sebanyak 7 materi.
género inclusivo
Authors: Fábregas Antonio
Published: January 2023

En los últimos años se ha visto emerger un nuevo marcador de género en español al que se identifica como género inclusivo, lo cual da lugar a sustantivos con tres formas de género –niño, niña, niñe–. El objetivo de este trabajo es alejar esta cuestión de consideraciones políticas o sociales y examinar los rasgos gramaticales internos que tiene esta nueva forma, como una vía para encuadrar cualquier debate social sobre el fenómeno, que consideramos que debe ser posterior a un análisis de sus condiciones lingüísticas internas. Los resultados muestran que, frente a algunas críticas que se han hecho, el género inclusivo no implica una ruptura con las reglas del español y debe ser considerado un fenómeno de variación que posee reglas estrictas que se interiorizan en la gramática de los hablantes.
A randomized study of consolidation chemo-radiotherapy versus observation after first-line chemotherapy in advanced gall bladder cancers (RACE-GB Study): trial protocol
Authors: Agrawal Sushma , Singh Ashish , Rahul  , Mishra Prabhakar , Saxena Rajan
Published: January 2023

Background: Chemotherapy (CT) is the standard of care for advanced gall bladder cancer (GBC). However, after completion of 6 cycles of CT, a proportion of patients with good performance status progress within a few months. Retrospective data in locally advanced cases revealed that consolidation chemo-radiotherapy (CTRT) in responders to CT and with good performance status improves overall survival.
Methods: FNA proven advanced GBC with predefined clinical-radiological features will be administered 4 cycles CT (cisplatin-gemcitabine combination). After completion of CT, those in good Karnofsky performance status (KPS) will be randomised to consolidation CTRT versus observation (standard of care). The primary end point of the study is to compare OS between the two arms. The secondary end point is to compare progression free survival (PFS), toxicity, and quality of life between the two study arms. The trial is designed to detect an improvement in 2-year overall survival (OS) from 8% in the control arm to 25% in study arm with 80.0% power at a 0.05 significance level. The resultant sample size to achieve this aim is 140 (70 in each arm) over a duration of 4-5 years with a 10% attrition rate. Accrual has been from January 2019 to October 2022.
Conclusions: This trial aims to assess the incremental gain in outcomes with consolidation CTRT versus observation in responders to first-line CT in advanced GBCs. This is the first randomised study to evaluate role of consolidation chemoradiation.
Trial Registration: The trial is registered with clinical trials registry India (CTRI/2019/04/025204) and clinical trials.gov (NCT05493956).
Exploratory factorial model of leadership dimensions in knowledge management in the COVID-19 era
Authors: García Lirios Cruz
Published: January 2023

Knowledge management is a phenomenon observed in the pandemic, although focused on the translation ofexperiences, knowledge and skills. The objective of the study was to explore the dimensions of leadership in the context of the pandemic. An exploratory, cross-sectional and psychometric study was carried out with a sample of 457 students from a public university in central Mexico. The results show a structure of three factors that explained 54% of the variance, but the literature suggests the inclusion of a fourth and fifth factor to explain the emergence of a transformative leadership:opportunistic, entrepreneurial and innovative as COVID-19 intensifies. In relation to the state of the art, it is proposed to extend the model in order to be able to explain the impact of the coronavirus on the management of knowledge in the virtual classroom.
Intellectual capital of the university in the conditions of transformation
of the innovation market
Authors: Kovelskiy Viktor V. , Tyukavkin Nikolay M.
Published: January 2023

Taking into account the current trends in the development of innovations related to the impact of total economic sanctions against Russia by the United States and Western countries, which represent a ban and significant restrictions on innovative activities, in particular in the education system, the formation and development of intellectual capital comes to the fore, becoming an active measure to counter Western sanctions. The research presents scientific directions for the research of intellectual capital, clarifications of its formulation. The article reveals the essence and content of intellectual capital, presents transformational processes associated with its development, taking into account modern transformational processes in the innovation market. It is shown that the role of intellectual capital has increased even more it is an integral part of innovative products, based on the use of intellectual results: licenses, patents, copyrights. The study presents the prerequisites that cause the transformation of the structure and functions of intellectual capital, its elemental composition is given. It is proved that the structural and functional transformation of the higher education system is carried out within the framework of the Priority 2030 program, which defines the goals and objectives of the development of the education system, presents the paradigm of the development of the intellectual capital of the university. The article reveals the directions of transformational processes in the structure of education and proposes a model of the ecosystem of intellectual capital.
Prospects for the development of medium- and high-tech economic activities of the Samara region from the perspective of industry cyclical dynamics
Authors: Khmeleva Galina A. , Semenychev Valeriy K. , Korobetskaya Anastasiya A.
Published: January 2023

Regional innovative development is the most important condition for ensuring the sustainability and balance of the economy of a country which is widely discussed in the scientific literature. However, despite having been ignored, the cyclicality of industries is an additional factor that either needs to be addressed or used to drive innovation. The article is aimed at assessing the prospects for the innovative development of the Samara region based upon the data on the cyclicality of prospective economic activities. For this purpose, the authors reviewed the dynamics of industries, identified stages of cycles, trends, fulfilled the medium-term forecast. The methodology of scientific research was determined by the econophysical approach, and the toolkit is the authors digital platform. The empirical material was formed by publicly available data from Rosstat on the growth rates of the physical volume of manufacturing industry. Special attention is paid to medium and high-tech economic activities. The scientific results consist in obtaining the data on the profile and dynamics of the sectoral cycles of the Samara region, which enabled to build trends in the sectors and determine further prospects for the development of medium- and high-tech economic activities in the region. The novelty of the study is the authors methodology for estimating cycles, which allowed to obtain these results and expand both the practical application of the tool to assess cyclical dynamics and its application to the research task. New results on trend, cycle, seasonality were also obtained. The most promising mid-term medium and high-tech types of economic activity of the Samara region have been identified.
Analysis of the dynamics of the Russian ICT sector and the effectiveness of digitalization of the economy
Authors: Lukonina Vlada O.
Published: January 2023

Every day the importance of digital economy becomes more significant, one of the reasons for the high interest in the phenomenon is the perception of the digitalization process as part of the global process of technological revolution and, at the same time, the expectation of large-scale ensuing consequences. Previously, such historical changes led to a significant increase in the efficiency of economic and industrial activities in particular, which is a basic factor in improving the level of public welfare in global terms. Nevertheless, business has a dual attitude to digitalization, in addition to the source of additional benefits, it is perceived as a problem in terms of the destruction of existing sustainable business models of large businesses and the complete demoralization of smaller structures, in some cases [1]. Thus, digital economy is one of the key elements of the transition and the existence of Industry 4.0. There are no statistical data reflecting the share of Russian enterprises that have switched or at least use Industry 4.0 technologies in practice, at least open ones. But it can be assumed that with the conditional ranking of technologies into simpler and more complex, with an increase in the share of the use of the former, the share of the use of the latter will also increase. And, further, it is necessary to consider in more detail the current state of IT in the Russian economy on available indicators, which will make it possible to determine the level of development and the state of the technological base for the full transition of Russian industry to the base of Industry 4.0.
Innovative development of domestic engineering in the context of international sanctions: regional aspect
Authors: Dubrovina Natalya A.
Published: January 2023

The presented article considers the current economic situation, taking into account the restrictions of imported supplies of products, equipment and technologies. The need to develop domestic engineering in the field of high-tech equipment production, to create a powerful innovation and technological potential on the basis of enterprises producing modern machines and developing advanced technologies is justified. The trend in the development of mechanical engineering in one of the industrialized regions the Samara region was analyzed. It was revealed that the main supplier of machinery and equipment to the domestic market today is a domestic manufacturer, the production capacity of which in some sub-industries operates at the limit. In this regard, a significant increase in investments in the renewal of fixed assets is necessary. The increase in the production of innovative high-tech equipment is associated with significant investments and serious time costs, even if financing is carried out from the federal budget. The reason for the weak investment activity of enterprises is the low profitability of production and an unstable external environment. The priority should be the development and development of innovative equipment that meets the modern requirements of the innovative and technological development of industry.
Modeling of the innovation process of industrial enterprises in modern conditions
Authors: Osipova-Barysheva Evgeniya N.
Published: January 2023

Modern market conditions, burdened by the process of active restructuring of the economy under new circumstances related to geopolitical instability and the sanctions burden, change the concepts, principles and requirements for the quality of innovation management, as one of the main elements of the sustainable functioning of the enterprise and increasing its competitiveness, as innovation today is becoming the main aspect of maintaining competitive positions. The well-established models of organizational process management in Russian practice are characterized by conservatism and low efficiency. The innovative activity of most modern domestic enterprises, in comparison with the standards of developed countries, is characterized by low innovation activity, a large percentage of the use of traditional technologies and organizational and managerial methods, separation of production capabilities and ideas from dynamically changing market conditions. In fact, an increase in the efficiency of industrial enterprises in the field of innovation and an increase in its competitiveness, taking into account modern intensively changing and unstable conditions, should be achieved through a qualitative increase in the level of economic science and educational technologies, taking into account modern, including world standards of innovation management. In addition, it is necessary to concentrate on our own RD, possibly based on high-tech developments of friendly countries, and increasing the level of innovation activity within the country by industry. The successful implementation of innovation activities at industrial enterprises ultimately depends on management and management's approach to management and innovation activities. It is important to understand the importance and necessity of updating production standards, adapting management methods to market conditions, and the superiority of the final product over competitors inside and outside the country. Thus, the modeling of the innovation process at industrial enterprises today has a promising strategic role.
Problems of ensuring effective Russian Federation industrial enterprises innovative activities management
Authors: Vasyaycheva Vera A.
Published: January 2023

The transformational processes taking place in the Russian economy over the past few years necessitate the development of new ways and methods to ensure the effective management of innovative activities of industrial structures. Before starting to solve this problem, it is necessary to identify the key problems that require prompt elimination in order to create a basic platform for improving domestic innovation management. The purpose of the scientific article is to study the innovative activity of Russian and foreign industrial enterprises and identify problems that hinder innovative growth. In the process of achieving this goal, methods of statistical, portfolio, structural analysis and synthesis, generalization, analogy, and system analysis were used. Based on the results of the analysis carried out by the author, recommendations were formed to ensure effective management of the innovation activity of domestic industrial enterprises. Scientific conclusions and proposals are of high importance for the development of theoretical and methodological provisions of innovation management and acceleration of economic and innovative growth of the Russian economy. Thus, the scientific recommendations and conclusions formed in the work can serve as an information base for the management of industrial structures in determining the vector of strategic development and increasing competitiveness. A strategic guideline for further research is the development of author's recommendations for ensuring effective management of innovation activities and improving the methodological tools of innovation management using modern digital technologies.
An Annotated Checklist of the Jewel Beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) of Doña Ana County, New Mexico
Authors: DuBois Joel W. , Steffens Wayne P. , Bundy C. Scott
Published: January 2023

An annotated checklist of the jewel beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) of Doña Ana County, New Mexico is provided. Records compiled from museum specimens, available literature, and field collections yielded 79 species representing 21 genera and 4 subfamilies. The greatest number of species were recorded from the subfamilies Polycestinae (31 species) and Buprestinae (25 species). Acmaeodera yuccavora Knull (Polycestinae) and Agrilus fisherellus Obenberger (Agrilinae) represent two new state records in New Mexico.
Recurring Late December Outbreaks of Adult Simulium jenningsi Group Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Seminary, Mississippi, USA
Authors: Goddard Jerome , Moulton John Kevin
Published: January 2023

Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) are reemerging as biting and nuisance pests in many southern states, presumably from improving water quality in creeks and rivers. Since 2009, entomologists at Mississippi State University and the Mississippi Department of Health have conducted surveys to ascertain what black fly species are present in the state as well as their geographic distribution and seasonality. These surveys revealed what appears to be a recurring, significant emergence of black flies every year around 25 December at one site in southern Mississippi. In this study, adult black flies were collected from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2021 by hand netting in the exact same way each time at Okatoma Creek, Seminary, MS. Forty-eight collecting trips to the site over the 4-yr period yielded a total of 176 black flies, all morphologically identified as Simulium jenningsi Group Malloch. Molecular identification was successfully performed on 17 specimens collected during the December outbreaks. Of the 17 specimens analyzed, 10 and 7 specimens grouped with 100% bootstrap confidence inside clades comprising S. jenningsi or S. podostemi, respectively.
Effect of Two Whitening Toothpastes on Composite Resin Restorations Discolored by 0.2% Chlorhexidine Mouthwash
Authors: Ebrahimzadeh Fatemeh , Fakhar Hooman , Akbari Hossesin , Mosharraf Ramin , Farzad Azin
Published: January 2023

Objectives: This study compared the effect of two whitening toothpastes on composite specimens discolored with 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX).
Materials and Methods: Twenty-four composite specimens were fabricated from Charisma Diamond composite resin. The initial color of specimens was measured according to the CIE L*a*b* color system using a spectrophotometer. The specimens were immersed in 0.2% CHX twice a day for 1 minute each time, for 2 weeks. The color of specimens was measured again, and the specimens were assigned to three groups (n=8). The control group specimens were immersed in distilled water. The two test group specimens were brushed twice daily for 21 days with Oral B toothbrush and Signal White Now and Crest 3D White whitening toothpastes each time for 30 seconds. The color of specimens was measured again. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and t-test.
Results: CHX increased the a, b, and L color parameters in all groups.  There were no significant differences in ΔL (P=0.10), Δa (P=0.24), and Δb (P=0.07) among the study groups. The a, b, and L parameters decreased after brushing the specimens discolored with 0.2% CHX with the whitening toothpastes. There were significant differences in ΔL (P=0.03), Δa (P=0.02), and Δb (P=0.01) among the three study groups after using the whitening toothpastes. The highest ΔL, Δa, Δb, and ΔE values were recorded in Crest 3D White group, followed by Signal White Now group.
Conclusion: Crest 3D White whitening toothpaste had higher efficacy to resume the original color of composite specimens discolored with 0.2% CHX.
Assessing the survival rate of implants placed in vascularized and nonvascularized bone grafts for extensive jaw reconstructions in 2010 to 2021 articles: A review
Authors: Razmara Farnoush , Bolandparva Farzaneh , Mohammadi Saba
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Restoring oral function with dental implants after maxillofacial defects im- proves aesthetics and provides adequate nutrition to improve patients’ quality of life significantly. One of the essential methods of repairing jawbone defects is bone grafting. Graft sources may be vascularized or nonsecularized. The present study aimed to review the survival rate of implants placed in vascularized and nonvascularized bone grafts for extensive jaw reconstructions in 2010 to 2021 articles.
Materials and Methods: This study is a narrative review study. In this study, research pub- lished in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scapus databases has been reviewed by a review method and with a keyword search strategy.
Results: 2815 articles were found from the mentioned databases that after removing unrelated research (2713 cases) and duplicate researches (63 cases), 39 articles remained for final review. Then, those research that were presented in the scientific conference and were in the form of ab- stracts or did not have a correct statistical population, were excluded from the study (18 cases) and finally 21 articles were reviewed.
Conclusion: Bone jaw defects are a severe complication that affects many aspects of a person’s life. Our results showed that vascularized and nonvascularized grafts are used for mandibular and maxillary bone regeneration. Also, after maxillary reconstruction, implant survival in vascularized and nonvascularized grafts was more than 90% in the 17 cases of 21 studied articles. Also, the duration of follow-ups was from 3 months to 14 years. Interestingly, in patients with head and neck cancer whose jaws were reconstructed with bone grafts and implants were placed in them, the survival rate of implants under radiotherapy was lower than in patients without radiotherapy.
Effect of motivational interviewing on oral and dental health of adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances
Authors: Ziari Shima , Gholami Mahdia , Sarmadi Sarvin
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Orthodontic appliances increase the risk of dental caries and gum disease. Since it is rather difficult to maintain oral hygiene in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances due to the presence of brackets, bands, and arch wires, they should be persuaded to take care of their oral cavity. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of an oral and dental health educational intervention using motivational interviewing in adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances.
Materials and Methods: Thirty adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances aged 12-16 years presenting to orthodontics departments of school of dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, received individual counselling, verbal guidelines, and training for correct brushing and flossing techniques by a senior student of dentistry during a 20-minute motivational interview. To evaluate the effect of the intervention, oral health behaviors including brushing, flossing, and consumption of sugary snacks were collected in a self-report manner. Moreover, plaque and gingival indexes were measured before and one-month post intervention. The SPSS software version 23 was used for data analysis.
Results: Among oral health behaviors, optimal frequency of brushing increased after the intervention (p=0.002). The mean plaque index was 0.99±0.43 before and 0.37±0.16 after the intervention, indicating a significant difference (p<0.001). Moreover, the mean gingival index (average inflammation) was 0.99±0.56 before the intervention, which improved to 0.30±0.20 after the intervention (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Educational intervention based on motivational interviewing reduced dental plaques and gingival inflammation and increased the frequency of brushing in the short term among adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances.
The prevalence of oral and maxillofacial pathologic lesions in pathology centers of Zanjan (Iran) over a 5-years period (2014-2020)
Authors: Mirkeshavarz Masoumeh
Published: January 2023

Background and objectives: The oral and maxillofacial region is exposed to many harmful agents and can be affected by a wide range of reactive, infectious, cystic, precancerous, and neoplastic lesions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of oral and maxillofacial pathological lesions in pathology laboratories in Zanjan.  
Method: This retrospective descriptive study was conducted in the period 2014 -2020 by referring to the hospitals and laboratories with pathologists in Zanjan. Information about patients with histopathological lesions of oral and maxillofacial region was extracted, and studied in terms of age, gender, location and histopathological type of lesion. Finally, the collected data were entered into SPSS software version 22 and statistically analyzed (P <0.05).
Results: A total of 176 histopathological lesions were investigated. Of them, 120 cases (58%) were female and 74 (42%) were male. The mean age of the patients was 39.4 years. The most prevalent lesion was periapical cyst (14.8%).In terms of tissue involved, the most lesions were related to soft tissue (67%) and in terms of anatomical location, the most lesions were gingival mucosal lesions (35.2%).
Conclusion: The prevalence of pathological lesions was higher in females than in males. Soft tissue lesions were more than hard tissue lesions. Gingival mucosal lesions were the most prevalent and lesions of the floor of the mouth and nasal vestibule lesions were the least prevalent ones. Given the histopathologic nature of lesions, periapical cyst was the most prevalent lesion.
Central giant cell granuloma mimicking a malignant lesion of mandible: A case report
Authors: Najar Karimi Fereshteh , Jazayeri Mina , Abbasi Fatemeh , Safabakhsh Deniz , Ahmadi Motamayel Fatemeh
Published: January 2023

Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a relatively uncommon benign osseous lesion with sometimes aggressive nature. The nature of this lesion is unknown and although the exact cause is unclear, the three theories about possibility of its nature are: developmental anomaly, reactive lesion or benign neoplasm. Histologically by presence of multinucleated giant cells within a stroma of spindle-shaped mesenchymal and fibro vascular connective tissue along with containing of hemorrhagic areas is characterized. This case report presents the diagnosis and management of a CGCG in a 50 years-old man with biopsy and surgical treatments. The lesion involve the left side of mandibular. Diagnosis plan was designed based on the combination of pathology and imaging. Finally after en bloc resection of involved regions of mandible, a titanium plate prosthesis was used for the jaw reconstruction. Since some of CGCG lesions can be highly invasive and inclinically and radiographic features can mimic as malignancy lesions.
The peculiarities of the bilingualism of Kyiv and Ternopil residents
Authors: Matveieva Natalia
Published: January 2023

Background. The language issue in Ukraine is very important because bilingualism is a widespread phenomenon in our country. The use of the Ukrainian and Russian languages by speakers often causes language conflicts.Сontribution to the research field. These findings may help us to understand the peculiarities of the Ukrainian language situation, particularly in Kyiv and Ternopil.Purpose. The purpose of our study is to compare the bilingual practices of Kyiv and Ternopil residents.Methods. The basis of our study is the data of the All-Ukrainian population census 2001, as well as the results of the several surveys published by the sociological group “Rating” (2015) and the public organization “Space of Freedom” (2011–2021). The material of our research concludes the names of children’s shops, residential complexes, centers for children early development and private kindergartens, coffee houses in Kyiv and Ternopil.Results. It is clear that Kyiv and Ternopil are different in the language aspect to a certain extent. Residents of the capital are undoubtedly bilingual, because they use the Ukrainian and Russian languages in their everyday communication. Also in Kyiv English is a popular language, the example of which is the language landscape of the city. In contrast to the language situation in Kyiv, Ternopil is а more Ukrainian-speaking city. Its residents in their daily communication, as well as in all spheres of communication, use exclusively the Ukrainian language. The Ukrainian language in Ternopil is also the most prestigious one in the names of the various institutions.Discussion. Now we can observe the new wave of Ukrainization, which is caused by the Russian war against Ukraine. So we predict that Kyiv will quickly become more Ukrainian, and the Ukrainian language will become the main language not only in the West of the country, but throughout its territory. The prospect of our study is to investigate the language situation in both cities in the post-war period.
Parental Monitoring Intervention Measures for Distance Learning Modalities
Authors: Aquino Rommel Dg. , Gapasin Willy O.
Published: January 2023

Given the escalation of the COVID-19 pandemic and efforts to contain its spread, a large number of educational institutions around the world have completely shut down face-to-face teaching and learning activities. This lockdown exposed emerging vulnerabilities in the world's education systems in low- and middle-income countries. This lockdown exposed emerging vulnerabilities in the educational sector in low- and middle-income countries around the world, including Philippines. This demonstrates the importance of adaptable and resilient education systems in the face of an uncertain future.

The salient findings of the study are as follows: the assessment of teachers and parents on the parental monitoring intervention measures adopted are as follows: all items rated as Effective as to organize, measure, control, and analyze; and the computed t-values in organize, measure, control and analyze were all lower than the critical value, hence, there is no significant difference on parental monitoring intervention measures for distance learning modalities as assessed by teachers and parents.
Postoperative changes in nonspecific low back pain after atlantoaxial stabilization surgery
Authors: SEZER Can , AÇIKALIN Rıdvan
Published: January 2023

Objectives: Posterior atlantoaxial stabilization can be technically challenging. Postoperative C2 nerve dysfunction occurs as a complication of this procedure or when a lateral mass is exposed and sacrificed for screw placement. Patients with cervical pathology sometimes complain of low back pain simultaneously. In this study, we aimed to investigate the results of C1-C2 posterior stabilization and C2 nerve root sacrifice on postoperative lumbar complaints.
Methods: Twenty-six patients who underwent multicentric posterior C1-C2 stabilization due to atlantoaxial dislocation were retrospectively included in the study. Those that were not sacrificed the C2 nerve root during stabilization were considered group 1 (n = 12), and those that were sacrificed the C2 nerve root were considered group 2 (n = 14). A visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used for the neck, arm, low back, and leg pain. The EQ-5D Index was used as the overall quality of life scale.
Results: Six months postoperatively, both groups showed significant (p < 0.01) improvement in VAS neck, arm, and low back scores between preoperative and postoperative. In addition, there was no significant improvement in the VAS leg and EQ-5D score in either of the groups. While no significant decrease was found in occipital neuralgia in group 1, it showed significant (p < 0.01) improvement in occipital neuralgia in group 2.
Conclusions: Although the exact pathophysiology is unknown, cervical stabilization surgery and sacrification of the C2 nerve root in this surgery can, directly and indirectly, improve low back pain.
Sanktuarium Asklepiosa w Epidauros
Authors: Przybyłek Monika
Published: January 2023

The article brings up the topic of ancient sanctuary of Asclepius in Epidauros, the biggest health centre in ancient Greece. However, enclosing its function to religious and health centre would be huge misunderstanding. Asklepieion was real centre of social and political life. The article discusses multipurpose of sanctuary by analysis of function of the most important buildings in the complex. Furthermore, in sanctuary, there were used contemporary methods of medicine: minor operations, hydrotherapy and treatment by art. Additionally, the theatre could take special place in process of healing. In Conclusion, the worship of Asclepius wasn’t eliminate development of science, but contrarily, both of its aspects coexisted together.
Multiple pulmonary cavitating nodules in female with endometrium adenocarcinoma history
– difficulties in differentiation between metastases, sarcoidosis and sarcoid-like reaction. Case report
Authors: Gałeczka-Turkiewicz Alicja , Galle Dagmara , Goryczka Agnieszka , Zarzecka Maja , Jastrzębski Dariusz , Ziora Dariusz
Published: January 2023

Zmiany kawitujące w płucach obrazowane na zdjęciu rentgenowskim klatki piersiowej mogą być diagnostycznym wyzwaniem. W celu dokładnego ustalenia ich przyczyny konieczne jest wzięcie pod uwagę szerokiej diagnostyki różnicowej i przeprowadzenie licznych badań.
Kobieta, 44-letnia, z gruczolakiem endometrium w wywiadzie została przyjęta na oddział pulmonologiczny w celu diagnostyki powiększonych węzłów chłonnych śródpiersia i współwystępujących w miąższu płuc guzków. Zdjęcie rentgenowskie i pozytonowa tomografia emisyjna (positron emission tomography – PET) uwidoczniły zmiany kawitujące w płucach, które mogły stanowić przerzuty płucne; jednakże badania laboratoryjne i histopatologiczne nie potwierdziły obecności zmian nowotworowych. W materiale pobranym w trakcie przezoskrzelowej biopsji węzłów chłonnych pod kontrolą ultrasonografii wewnątrzoskrzelowej w czasie rzeczywistym (endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration – EBUS-TBNA) oraz wideotorakoskopii (video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery – VATs) zostały znalezione nieserowaciejące ziarniniaki, które sugerowały rozpoznanie sarkoidozy lub reakcji sarkoidalnej. Dopiero w zaawansowanym stadium zmian płucnych komórki nowotworowe zostały ujawnione w plwocinie. Pomimo wdrożenia chemioterapii pacjentka zmarła. Liczne przerzuty płucne zostały potwierdzone w badaniu post-mortem.
Opisany przypadek jest przykładem rzadkiego zjawiska reakcji sarkoidalnej w śródpiersiu i miąższu płuc w wyniku nowotworu zlokalizowanego poniżej przepony. Różnicowanie pomiędzy sarkoidozą, reakcją sarkoidalną i przerzutami do płuc w podobnych przypadkach może stanowić trudność diagnostyczną. Dlatego powinno się powtarzać procedury diagnostyczne takie jak EBUS-TBNA lub VATs u pacjentów z wywiadem onkologicznym.
Understanding the genetics of C3 photosynthesis in crop plants
Authors:   Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Portugal, Carvalho P. , da Silva G. Elias ,   Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Portugal, Saibo N. J. M. ,   Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Portugal
Published: January 2023

Understanding the genetics of C3 photosynthesis, particularly its regulation, is essential to undertake photosynthetic improvement. The expression of the photosynthesis-associated genes is regulated at different levels (transcriptional, post-transcriptional, post-translational), but very little is known about the regulatory networks involved. This chapter introduces the photosynthesis-associated core genes encoded either in the nucleus or in the chloroplast and discusses how different internal (e.g. redox state, circadian rhythm) and external (e.g. abiotic stresses, light) signals regulate their transcription, particularly in crop plants. Since the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of photosynthesis-associated genes is poorly understood, this chapter also discusses what is known regarding the transcriptional regulation of photosynthesis in C3 crops, mainly rice and tomato. Among the regulators described, few were shown in the field to have the potential to improve photosynthesis. How the state-of-the-art knowledge can be used for photosynthesis improvement and future work perspectives, including the use of transplastomics, is also discussed.
Modifying photorespiration to optimize crop performance
Authors:   Michigan State University, USA, Fu Xinyu , Smith Kaila ,   Michigan State University, USA, Gregory Luke ,   Michigan State University, USA, Roze Ludmila ,   Michigan State University, USA, Walker Berkley ,   Michigan State University, USA
Published: January 2023

The initial reaction of CO2 fixation has a shared specificity with oxygen, resulting in the formation of 2-phosphoglycolate, an inhibitory sugar. 2-phosphoglycolate is detoxified by photorespiration, but this recycling requires energy and releases carbon, substantially reducing rates of net CO2 fixation in many crop plants. Many strategies are in development to modify native photorespiration and more efficiently detoxify intermediates of photorespiration to boost subsequent net carbon assimilation and crop productivity. Current approaches include increasing the activities of enzymes present in native photorespiration to minimize the pool sizes of inhibitory intermediates or replacing native photorespiration with novel pathways that process 2-phosphoglycolate with improved carbon-conserving, or even fixing, series of reactions. There are also developments in improving photorespiration under elevated temperatures, which occur under typical growing conditions but are outside the scope of many lab-based studies. We finally discuss the potential for improving photorespiration under non-steady-state conditions, which are a hallmark of field crop production systems.