bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the bending behavior of hybrid fiber–metal laminates (HFMLs) based on aluminum and glass/Kevlar fibers reinforced epoxy
Authors: Medjahed Abou Bakr , Youcef Lasfer , Toufik Saoudi , Abdelkhalek Henniche , Abdeldjalil Zegaoui , Mehdi Derradji
Published: May 2024

In this work, the mechanical behaviors under flexural loading of fiber–metal laminates (FMLs) comprised of an aluminum alloy reinforced with glass fibers (GFs) and Kevlar fibers (KFs) embedded in an epoxy composite are experimentally investigated. For this purpose, non-FMLs, FMLs, and hybrid FMLs (HFMLs) are tested and their results are compared in terms of the flexural strength and modulus, strain to failure, toughness, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), and specific properties. Results show that the incorporation of GFs on the compression side and KFs on the tensile side improves the bending properties of the HFMLs compared to the KF-based FMLs, which enhances the laminates’ resistance to bending loads. The HFMLs exhibit improvements of 24%, and 5% in flexural strength and modulus, respectively, compared to the KF-based FMLs. Moreover, hybridization significantly improves strain to failure by up to 115% compared to the GF-based FMLs. Additionally, the ILSS analysis reveals improved values in FMLs compared to non-FML samples, when GF-based FMLs demonstrate higher ILSS than KF-based ones, which can be attributed to GFs’ stiffness and high-quality bonding with the aluminum sheets. HFMLs attain a 19% improvement in ILSS compared to the KF-based FMLs. The failure mechanism depends on the intrinsic features of the studied fibers, while the studied FMLs display better damage tolerance. In this context, the HFMLs present enhanced toughness, delamination resistance, and the ability to prevent crack propagation, positioning them as promising candidates for lightweight structural applications where a balance between strength, stiffness, and toughness is required.
Non-profit organizations in training for employment: On the transformative potential of their critique of education
Authors: Molpeceres Mariángeles , Martínez-Morales Ignacio , Bernad Joan Carles , Marhuenda-Fluixá Fernando
Published: May 2024

A sociology of conventions perspective is used in this paper to examine how non-profit organizations make sense of their educational action in the field of training for employment. Both critiques of education that such organizations voiced and compromises that they had to establish at the turn of the 21st century are revisited here in view of the transformations that the field of training for employment has experienced in recent years. We show empirical data illustrating their discourses on education 20 years ago that were obtained through in-depth, focused interviews with trainers and management of Spanish non-profit organizations. Some critiques are highlighted that were prominent in their discourse at the turn of the century, when the ‘third sector’ was regarded as a promising actor that could amend some of the most concerning inadequacies of the education system. However, the transformative potential of such critiques is critically re-examined in view of the transformations that such an increasingly hybrid field has experienced since, transformations that allow for a new perspective into those once change-promising discourses.
An asymmetric road lighting concept: Probeam
Authors: Spieringhs RM , Smet K , Heynderickx I , Hanselaer P
Published: May 2024

An asymmetric road lighting concept known as Probeam is investigated in this study for energy efficiency, contrast and visibility of vertical objects and road markings in highway lighting. Calculations based on road lighting standards, road surface and markings reflection characteristics and typical Dutch highway geometry, reveal that Probeam lighting improves the average visibility of objects and road markings over symmetrical lighting, however, with a 14% increase in luminous flux as per current road lighting standards. This increase in luminous flux is attributed to the symmetrical lighting’s advantage in specular road surface reflection, leading to a reduction in the Counterbeam lobe size in the light intensity distribution when designed to meet the current road luminance requirement. Notably, by designing the Probeam luminaire to match symmetrical lighting’s average visibility of vertical objects, for removing the road luminance requirement and dimming the luminaire, energy consumption is reduced by 52%. Halving the Probeam luminaire’s mounting height leads to an impressive 82% energy savings. The study highlights the possibility of a balance in energy use and road safety using the Probeam concept, considering advancements in road luminaires and retroreflective materials. Due to glare, the relevance of the proposed Probeam concept is restricted to one-directional traffic on highways.
Maternal Emotional and Behavioral Regulation/Dysregulation and Parenting Practices: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lotto Camila Regina , Altafim Elisa Rachel Pisani , Linhares Maria Beatriz Martins
Published: May 2024

Emotional and behavioral regulations are crucial for the development of perceptive, responsive, and flexible parenting. Moreover, maternal emotional dysregulation constitutes a risk for maltreatment behaviors. The present study aimed to conduct a systematic review of empirical studies on the associations between mothers’ emotional and behavioral regulations and parenting practices with their children or adolescents. A systematic review was conducted, including papers that addressed these variables, analyzing the direct effects, and moderation or mediation effects of maternal emotional and behavioral regulation on parenting practices, targeting child and adolescent samples. We identified 35 studies for analysis. Most of the studies (86%) showed significant associations between maternal emotional and behavioral regulation and parenting practices. Mothers’ emotional dysregulation was related to a high risk of maltreatment and negative parenting, such as unsupportive reactions and harsh discipline. High maternal emotional dysregulation and negative parenting, in turn, were associated with children’s aggressive behaviors. Conversely, when mothers exhibited high emotional regulation, they engaged in more positive and supportive parenting. Additionally, maternal behavioral regulation with inhibitory control and effortful control led to supportive and warm parenting. Individual and contextual factors, such as maternal victimization history and symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity, had effects on maternal emotional dysregulation, which, in turn, impacted their parenting practices. Consequently, emotional and behavioral regulation played a crucial role in mothers’ parenting practices with their children and adolescents. The findings of the current review could contribute to planning parenting interventions, including maternal emotional and behavioral regulation skills, aimed at preventing maltreatment of their children.
Pre- and Post-Exposure Prophylaxis for HIV in Patients Taking Anti-Seizure Medications
Authors: Kerr Wesley T. , Gidal Barry , Avedissian Sean N. , McAnaney Cara , Wilmshurst Jo M. , Eley Brian S. , Eyal Sarah , Alick-Lindstrom Sasha
Published: May 2024

The prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has recently emphasized the use of pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP and PEP), both of which were highly effective in prevention of HIV infection. Since the last published guidance regarding the cotreatment of people with anti-seizure medications (ASM) and antiretroviral treatments (ARTs) in 2012, both fields have numerous new medication options. Historically, cotreatment of HIV and seizures could be challenging with increased risk of virologic failure and barriers in access to health care due to global availability, social determinants of health, and stigma of both HIV and seizures. In this narrative review, we describe the data-driven and expected bidirectional pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions between guideline-based PrEP and PEP treatment and ASM, as well as overlapping side effects. There are many ASMs with no known interaction with PrEP or PEP regimens. The interactions focus on enzyme inducing ASMs, valproate, and lamotrigine. Most prominently, enzyme inducing ASMs lower serum levels of tenofovir-containing PrEP regimens and elements of PEP (dolutegravir, raltegravir, and ritonavir), which increased risk of virologic treatment failure in people with HIV but have unclear clinical significance on the effectiveness of PrEP and PEP. In addition, ritonavir treatment in PEP may significantly lower lamotrigine serum levels even during the 4 weeks of treatment, which may increase risk for breakthrough seizures during PEP and skin reactions after discontinuation of ritonavir. In addition to PK interactions, overlapping side effects are common including osteopenia, hepatic toxicity, and other gastrointestinal effects. This narrative review aims to be a resource for all clinicians prescribing ASMs so that they can create a welcoming environment to enable successful treatment of seizures and reduce the risk of HIV infection in people at risk. In addition, we highlight knowledge gaps and areas of unmet need that can be addressed with future studies.
All-3D apparel development: Establishing the rules to enable 3D weaving from 3D digital garments
Authors: Hillaire Jenine Marie , Baytar Fatma
Published: May 2024

Three-dimensional (3D) digital models can enable designers to tailor garments to specific measurements and preferences, ensuring a perfect fit and personalized aesthetics. This precision would allow to achieve seamless integration between the digital representation, the customer’s body shape, and the physical woven garment outcome. If the weaving machine can be automated, fast, cost-effective, custom, exact fit garments could be produced in a matter of days due to the elimination of the 2D patternmaking steps in the garment process. Weaving a 3D shape, which was designed in a 3D software program, using a circular weaving machine requires certain grid rules applied to the 3D shape to optimize the weaving process, minimize material wastage, and ensure a successful outcome. In the present study, we proposed rules for weaving 3D surfaces from body scan files to enable future algorithm development. These rules aim to address factors such as weaving efficiency, structural integrity, and the limitations of circular weaving machines.
A micro-theoretical model for predicting the unconfined compressive strength of cement-sand reinforced soft clay
Authors: Wang Yizhao , Bai Wenfeng , Li Zhili , Min Xing , Zhang Lu , Feng Deluan
Published: May 2024

Cement-sand reinforced soft clay (C-SRSC) is a complex multiphase geomaterial. Its strength is determined by the physical properties of the internal multiphase substances and the coupling mechanical response between various phases of substances. By considering the effect of the particle size and content of sand particles on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and failure mechanism of C-SRSC, the C-SRSC is divided into two phases of the cement soil matrix and sand particles to construct a micro cell model of C-SRSC. Based on the strain gradient theory, the theoretical model of the UCS of C-SRSC based on the physical mechanism at the microscale is derived. Forty five groups of UCS tests were conducted to analyze the effect of sand particle size and content on the UCS of C-SRSC, and to calculate the theoretical model parameters. The results show that the UCS of C-SRSC increases with increasing curing age, cement content, and sand particle content, and decreases with the increasing sand particle size. The theoretical model of the UCS of C-SRSC based on physical mechanism initially verified the consistency of the experimental and theoretical results.
Breast carcinoma metastasis to the submandibular gland: Clinical, sonographic and pathological findings of a rare entity
Authors: Salman Lamees , Ali Zainab Al Shiekh , Howlett David C
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Metastatic disease to the submandibular gland is a rare phenomenon with limited information available on related imaging findings.

Case Presentation:

We report a 59-year-old female who presented with a palpable nodule in the right submandibular gland 6 years after treatment for breast carcinoma. Ultrasound findings were concerning for distant metastatic disease from breast cancer recurrence. The histopathological analysis of the biopsied tissue confirmed infiltration of the right submandibular gland with an adenocarcinoma from a breast primary.

Discussion:

Metastatic spread to the major salivary glands is relatively uncommon with a predilection to the parotid gland owing to its extensive intraglandular lymphatic system. Conversely, metastasis to the submandibular gland, which lacks intraglandular lymph nodes, is rare. Ultrasound is the optimal first-line imaging modality to aid in the assessment of submandibular gland disease. Malignant lesions often appear hypoechoic with heterogenous internal architecture and ill-defined borders. However, some low-grade malignancies, can have apparently benign features particularly when smaller in size. Where a focal submandibular gland lesion is identified and neoplasm is suspected, the early use of ultrasound-guided core biopsy is recommended to improve diagnostic yield for histological assessment.

Conclusion:

While submandibular metastasis is rare, clinical assessment, sonographic findings and use of core needle biopsy aid in prompt diagnosis and management.
Safety and efficacy of bronchial thermoplasty in refractory asthma with severe obstructive respiratory dysfunction
Authors: Inoue Takahiro , Isogai Sumito , Yamamoto Naoki , Hiramatsu Noriko , Niwa Yoshikazu , Takahashi Hideaki , Kimura Yutaro , Horiguchi Tomoya , Goto Yasuhiro , Hashimoto Naozumi , Imaizumi Kazuyoshi
Published: May 2024

Background:

Bronchial thermoplasty (BT) is a recently developed non-pharmacological therapy for refractory bronchial asthma. Although increasing evidence has suggested that BT is effective for various phenotypes of severe asthma, its safety and efficacy in patients with severe irreversible impaired lung function are unclear.

Objectives:

To assess the efficacy and safety of BT in patients with refractory asthma, including patients with a severely impaired forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1).

Design:

This was a single-center, retrospective, observational cohort study.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 15 patients with refractory asthma (Global Initiative for Asthma step 4 or 5), including patients with severely impaired airflow limitation (% predicted pre-bronchodilator FEV1 <60%), who had undergone BT between June 2016 and January 2022. We analyzed the efficacy (change in asthma symptoms, exacerbation rate, pulmonary function, asthma medication, and serum inflammatory chemokine/cytokines before and after BT) and complications in all patients. We compared these data between patients with severe obstructive lung dysfunction [group 1(G1)] and patients with FEV1 ⩾ 60% [group 2 (G2)].

Results:

Six patients were in G1 and nine were in G2. Clinical characteristics, T2 inflammation, and concurrent treatment were equivalent in both groups. BT significantly improved asthma-related symptoms (measured using the Asthma Control Test and Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire scores) in both groups. FEV1 was significantly improved in G1 but not in G2. Four patients in G2, but none in G1, experienced asthma exacerbation requiring additional systemic corticosteroids (including two requiring prolonged hospitalization) after BT. Long-term responders (patients who reduced systemic or inhaled corticosteroid without newly adding biologics in a follow-up > 2 years) of BT were identified in G1 and G2 ( n = 2, 33.3% and n = 4, 44.4%, respectively).

Conclusion:

BT in patients with refractory asthma and severe airflow limitation is equally safe and efficacious as that in patients with moderate airflow limitation.
Distribution and antifungal susceptibility profile of oropharyngeal Candida species isolated from people living with HIV in the era of universal test and treat policy in Uganda
Authors: Benson Musinguzi , Turyamuhika Laban , Mwesigwa Alex , Nalumaga Pauline Petra , Kabajulizi Immaculate , Njovu Israel Kiiza , Mwebesa Edson , Luggya Tonny , Ocheng Francis , Kateete David Patrick , Itabangi Herbert , Mboowa Gerald , Sande Obondo James , Achan Beatrice
Published: May 2024

Background:

Despite the increased frequency of oropharyngeal candidiasis among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), its management is no longer effective due to empirical treatment and emergence of antifungal resistance (AFR). This study sought to investigate the prevalence of oropharyngeal candidiasis and assess the antifungal susceptibility profile of oropharyngeal Candida species isolated from people living with human immunodeficiency virus. Additionally, we evaluated the correlation between oropharyngeal candidiasis and CD4 T cell as well as viral load counts.

Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from April to October 2023 in which 384 people living with HIV underwent clinical examination for oral lesions. Oropharyngeal swabs were collected and cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose agar to isolate Candida species which were identified using the matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. Additionally, the antifungal susceptibility profile of Candida isolates to six antifungal drugs was determined using VITEK® (Marcy-l’Étoile, France) compact system. Data on viral load were retrieved from records, and CD4 T cell count test was performed using Becton Dickinson Biosciences fluorescent antibody cell sorter presto.

Results:

The prevalence of oropharyngeal candidiasis was 7.6%. Oropharyngeal candidiasis was significantly associated with low CD4 T cell count and high viral load. A total of 35 isolates were obtained out of which Candida albicans comprised of 20 (57.1%) while C. tropicalis and C. glabrata comprised 4 (11.4%) each. C. parapsilosis, C. dubliniensis and C. krusei accounted for 2 (5.7%) each. Additionally, 7 (20%) isolates were resistant to fluconazole, 1 (2.9%) to flucytocine and 0.2 (5.7%) isolates were intermediate to caspofungin. However, specific specie isolates like C. albicans showed 20% (4/20), C. glabrata 50% (2/4) and C. krusei 50% (1/2) resistance to fluconazole. Additionally, C. krusei showed 50% resistance to flucytosine.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) among people living with HIV was low, and there was a significant association between OPC and CD4 T cell count as well as viral load. C. albicans was the most frequently isolated oropharyngeal Candida species. C. glabrata and C. krusei exhibited the highest AFR among the non- albicans Candida species. The highest resistance was demonstrated to fluconazole.
Cross-cultural adaptation of the Amharic version of the Compassionate Care Assessment Tool for application in obstetric services of the Ethiopian context
Authors: Gebrekidan Amanuel Yosef , Kebede Adane , Worku Nigusu , Lombebo Afework Alemu , Efa Amelework Gonfa , Azeze Gedion Asnake , Kassie Gizachew Ambaw , Haile Kirubel Eshetu , Asgedom Yordanos Sisay , Woldegeorgis Beshada Zerfu , Abrha Damtew Solomon , Gebeyehu Selamawit
Published: May 2024

Background:

There are few studies that have evaluated the provision of compassionate care in Ethiopian contexts. One probable factor could be a lack of validated tools for assessing compassionate care in Ethiopia.

Objective:

To adapt the Compassionate Care Assessment Tool into the Amharic version and to assess its reliability and validity for application in obstetric services of the Ethiopian context.

Method:

Four hundred ten mothers who gave birth at the four referral hospitals in North West Amhara participated in this study. Using SPSS version 23.0 and SPSS Amos 26 and by applying principal axial factoring, the Compassionate Care Assessment Tool was assessed for structural reliability and validity. Cronbach’s alpha was used to evaluate internal consistency and reliability. Factor loadings, composite reliability, average variance extracted and square root of the average variance extracted were used to test convergent and discriminant validity.

Results:

Three factors with thirteen items were identified that explained 69.87% of the variation in the Compassionate Care Assessment Tool. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.917. In the confirmatory factor analysis, all items had factor loadings more than 0.6, and the average variance extracted was greater than 0.5. Composite reliability values were above 0.7, and the square root of the average variance extracted for each element was greater than the correlation of each factor with other factors in the model.

Conclusion:

The three factors and the thirteen items of the tool have shown internal consistency in the exploratory factor analysis. The factor loadings and the average variance extracted confirmed the convergent validity of the tool, while composite reliability and the square root of the average variance extracted values confirmed discriminant validity. Thus, the Amharic version of the Compassionate Care Assessment Tool was found to have excellent internal consistency as well as adequate structural, convergent, and discriminant validity among obstetric service users in Ethiopia.
Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome following carboplatin and paclitaxel in cervical cancer: Case report
Authors: Ouchane Karima , Bellefkih Fatima Zahra , Benchakroun Nadia , Bourhafour Mouna , Chekrine Tarik , Bouchbika Zineb , Jouhadi Hassan , Tawfiq Nezha , Sahraoui Souha
Published: May 2024

Posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy is a rare radio-clinical entity that has gained increasing recognition over the last two decades. It is associated with various etiologies: arterial hypertension, autoimmune diseases, chemotherapy, and immunosuppressive drugs. Several cases have already been reported following cancer therapy. Posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy is characterized by capital clinical signs (headache, seizures, confusional syndrome, and visual disorders) and radiological abnormalities (cerebral edema predominantly in the posterior regions). We report the case of a 38-year-old female patient diagnosed with posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy after receiving Carboplatin and Paclitaxel chemotherapy for recurrent cervical cancer, which was revealed by a generalized seizure. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed T2 Flair hyper signals in the parieto-occipital regions. This complication is rare but is probably underdiagnosed due to a lack of awareness and limited hindsight. Rapid diagnosis is essential to prevent acute neurological complications, which can be life-threatening or functionally crippling regardless of neoplasia.
The challenging diagnosis and management of the prune belly syndrome: A case report
Authors: Kamoun Dhouha , Ben Hamed Amel , Abdenadher Amina , Kolsi Nadia , Bouraoui Amira , Henteti Nedia
Published: May 2024

Prune belly syndrome is a rare disorder that occurs mainly in men. It is characterized by the triad of deficient abdominal wall muscles, the dilated urinary collecting system, bilateral cryptorchidism, and infertility. It mainly affects the genitourinary system, which involves the prognosis. We present the case of a preterm neonate male whose diagnosis of a prune belly was suspected in antenatal ultrasound. He had a urinary tract abnormality starting at 22 weeks of gestation. At birth, a clinical examination revealed a distended abdomen within a wrinkled and flaccid abdominal wall, a macropenis, and bilateral cryptorchidism. A urinary tract ultrasound revealed a right pyelocaliciel dilatation and a right megaureter with a megacystis. The neonate ultimately died due to severe renal failures. Prune Belly syndrome is a complex disease with a high mortality rate. Early antenatal ultrasound may ameliorate the prognosis.
Reducing the Frequency of Surveillance Blood Work in Patients Treated With Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Local Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Shome-Vasanthan Epsita , Chou Sophia , Hemmett Juliya , MacRae Jennifer , Ward David , Gallagher Nathen , Al-Wahsh Huda , Qirjazi Elena
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

There is little evidence on the ideal frequency of routine blood work in maintenance dialysis patients to manage complications, including anemia, mineral bone disease (MBD), and hyperkalemia. Recent quality improvement studies from Ontario showed no negative impacts when decreasing the frequency from monthly to every 6 weeks in conventional in-center hemodialysis (ICHD) patients. In December 2020, Alberta Kidney Care–South (AKC-S) reduced the frequency of routine blood work from every 6 weeks to every 8 weeks for ICHD patients.

Objective:

We aimed to assess the impact of reducing blood work frequency on patient outcomes.

Methods:

We compared prevalent AKC-S ICHD patients in 2 cohorts: (1) retrospective control (October 31, 2019-October 31, 2020) and (2) prospective intervention (December 1, 2020-December 1, 2021). Primary outcomes were true frequency of routine blood work, odds of patients being within target for anemia and MBD, and proportion of lab values of hyperkalemia. Furthermore, we compared hospitalizations and mortality.

Results:

A total of 972 patients in Calgary’s ICHD program were included, 787 in each period (with 602 patients overlapping both cohorts). The frequency of routine blood work decreased from every 39.5 days in the control period to every 54.2 days in the intervention period ( P < .01). There was a reduction in the odds of phosphate values in targets ( P = .02), and an increase in the odds of labs with hyperkalemia (>6.0 mmol/L) during the intervention period ( P = .01). There was no significant change in the odds of being within the accepted targets during the intervention period compared with the control period for hemoglobin, Tsat, calcium, or parathyroid hormone (PTH). Fewer patients were hospitalized during the intervention period and the risk of death decreased as well, although additional factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic may have affected this. A cost-savings of $32 962 occurred from the reduced anemia and MBD blood work during the intervention period.

Conclusions:

When ICHD units in Calgary reduced routine blood work frequency from every 6 weeks to 8 weeks, there were no negative impacts on hospitalizations or deaths. A slightly lower proportion of phosphate values were within target, and a 0.7% increase in potassium values greater than 6 mmol/L was demonstrated. Our study suggests that blood work frequency in ICHD dialysis patients may be further reduced to every 8 weeks safely. Ultimately, additional pragmatic trials are needed to identify the optimal frequency of routine blood work.
The Impact of Socially Responsible Human Resource Management on Employees’ Environmental Citizenship Behavior: The Role of Psychological Safety and Contingent Reward Leadership
Authors: Ye Weijiao , Li Ziqiang
Published: May 2024

Employees are the executors of corporate tourism environmental governance in the practice of green tourism, and their activities had a direct influence on the ecological environment. Despite encouraging low-carbon tourism and sustainable development, corporations’ human resource policies lacked morality and responsibility. This causes bad environmental performance in organizations. Attachment theory provides the theoretical framework for our investigation into the impact of socially responsible human resource management (SRHRM) on organizational citizenship behaviors for the environment (OCBE). Our analysis of 455 data obtained from China revealed that SRHRM had a positive effect on OCBE (eco-initiatives; eco-civic engagement; eco-helping); psychological safety mediated the relationship between SRHRM and OCBE. Additionally, contingent reward leadership (CRL) moderates the impact of SRHRM on employees’ OCBE via psychological safety. Our research presents a novel theoretical framework for explaining socially responsible human resource management and employees’ environmentally friendly behavior. We anticipate that the findings of our research will provide both theoretical direction and management insight for organizations seeking to apply SRHRM.
How Does Perceived Calling Influence Sustained Volunteering Intention? The Role of Volunteering Norm and COVID-19 Pandemic Strength
Authors: Zhou Jie , Yue Siqi , Xiao Zhihua
Published: May 2024

The number of college student volunteers has been increasing and they have provided voluntary services in several fields. However, their willingness to continue volunteering remains unsustainable. Thus, this study, integrating the theory of planned behavior and event system theory, constructed a moderated mediating model to test the underlying mechanism of perceived calling on sustained volunteering intention through volunteering norm, and the moderating effect of the COVID-19 pandemic strength. A three-wave field questionnaire was designed and administered to the same 700 college students. The results showed that perceived calling positively predicted volunteering norm; volunteering norm positively influenced sustained volunteering intention. Volunteering norm mediated the link between perceived calling and sustained volunteering intention. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic strength moderated the direct relationship between perceived calling and volunteering norm and the indirect effect. When COVID-19 pandemic strength was at its peak, the direct and mediating effects were stronger. These findings suggest that cultivating college student volunteers’ perceived calling and norm are important to improve their sustained volunteering intention.
Effects of Two-dimensional Self-directed Humor on State Anxiety: A Vignette Experiment
Authors: Tsukawaki Ryota , Imura Tomoya , Hirakawa Makoto , Ito Katsuhiro
Published: May 2024

Correlational studies have suggested that self-directed humor (SDH) has positive and negative dimensions, namely deleterious and benign SDH, that have opposite functions on psychological well-being. Therefore, this study conducts two vignette experiments to test the causal relationships between deleterious SDH and increased state anxiety and between benign SDH and decreased state anxiety in stressful situations involving exclusion by others. In Experiment 1, college students were instructed to imagine they used deleterious or benign SDH after being ostracized by others. Participants in the control condition only imagined that they had been excluded by others. As a result, participants in the benign SDH condition reported lower levels of state anxiety than participants in the control condition. This result was replicated in Experiment 2 for working adults. Overall, the experimental results support a causal model indicating that benign SDH positively affects psychological well-being, supporting and extending the results of correlational studies.
Impact of Media in Brand Recall and Decision Making in Urban and Rural India
Authors: Prabhu Vijay , Vartak Chaitanya , Siyodia Rupesh
Published: May 2024

This study was undertaken to understand the effectiveness of the media, which helps in brand recall and, thereby, decision making in urban and rural India for the paints and waterproofing solution brands. This exploratory study is based on both primary and secondary data. The study was aimed at determining the awareness and recall of selected brands and how media influences buying decisions of the customer. The data was collected through a questionnaire from both urban and rural areas. The primary data was collected through interviews and questionnaires. In all, 120 respondents contributed from urban areas such as Pune, Mumbai, Bangalore and Kolkata, and 150 respondents from rural areas around cities such as Lucknow, Patiala, Kochi, Hubli and Yawatmal were part of this study. The rural locations were selected in such a way that it was possible for us to visit them in a short span of time, whereas for urban locations, we floated a survey online with our questionnaire and selected the cities from where we had at least 30 respondents (minimum sample size for correlation analysis). The analysis pointed out that, though the type of media viewed by the customer differs with the area, that is, urban and rural, the decision of both types of customers regarding buying a product of a specific brand was found to be independent of the media. A positive correlation was observed between brand awareness and brand recall. The outcome of this study pointed out that buying decisions independent from media influence needs to be taken seriously by companies before spending on advertising or before allocating a budget for advertisement.
Atypical morphoea, a herald of two malignancies: Lung adenocarcinoma and a neuroendocrine tumour
Authors: Bhullar Harmeet , Wada Miki , Nikpour Mandana , Saracino Amanda M
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Morphoea is a disorder characterised by fibrosis and inflammation of the skin and on rare occasions can be precipitated by malignancy. Here, we describe a case of morphoea unmasking two malignancies.

Case description:

A 73-year-old woman presented with circumferential lower limb skin thickening, associated with violaceous, doughy oedema and significantly impaired mobility. Histology confirmed dermal sclerosis with no increased mucin and broader investigations excluded systemic sclerosis, scleromyxoedema and scleroedema. An atypical morphoea was diagnosed. In the context of atypical and subsequently treatment-resistant disease, further imaging uncovered a lung adenocarcinoma which was promptly treated. Despite this, the patient’s atypical oedematous skin sclerosis continued to progress proximally, and she developed flatulence, bloating and atypical flushing. This prompted further investigation, which revealed a metastatic neuroendocrine tumour. The patient was commenced on octreotide, with rapid improvement in all her cutaneous and systemic symptoms.

Conclusion:

Atypical morphoea can be a herald for an underlying malignancy, representing a paraneoplastic presentation. Progressive treatment-resistant morphoea may be an indicator of metastatic disease, or in our case a second malignancy.
Clinical networking results in continuous improvement of the outcome of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Koury Luísa Corrêa de Araújo , Kim Haesook T. , Undurraga Maria Soledad , Navarro-Cabrera Juan Ramon , Salinas Victor , Muxi Pablo , Melo Raul A. M. , Glória Ana Beatriz , Pagnano Katia , Nunes Elenaide C. , Bittencourt Rosane I. , Rojas Ninoska , Quintana Shirley , Ayala-Lugo Ana , Oliver Ana Carolina , Figueiredo-Pontes Lorena , Traina Fabiola , Moreira Frederico , Fagundes Evandro M. , Duarte Bruno K. L. , Mora-Alferez Analí Pamela , Ortiz Percy , Untama Jose , Tallman Martin , Ribeiro Raul , Ganser Arnold , Dillon Richard , Valk Peter J. M. , Sanz Miguel , Löwenberg Bob , Berliner Nancy , Rego Eduardo M.
Published: May 2024

The introduction of all-trans retinoic acid combined with anthracyclines has significantly improved the outcomes for patients diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), and this strategy remains the standard of care in countries in which arsenic trioxide is not affordable. However, data from national registries and real-world databases indicate that low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) still face disappointing results, mainly because of high induction mortality and suboptimal management of complications. The American Society of Hematology established the International Consortium on Acute Leukemias (ICAL) to address this challenge through international clinical networking. Here, we present the findings from the International Consortium on Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia study involving 806 patients with APL recruited from 2005 to 2020 in Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay. The induction mortality rate has notably decreased to 14.6% compared with the pre-ICAL rate of 32%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed as factors associated with induction death: age of ≥40 years, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score of 3, high-risk status based on the Programa Español de Tratamiento en Hematologia/Gruppo Italiano Malattie EMatologiche dell'Adulto classification, albumin level of ≤3.5 g/dL, bcr3 PML/RARA isoform, the interval between presenting symptoms to diagnosis exceeding 48 hours, and the occurrence of central nervous system and pulmonary bleeding. With a median follow-up of 53 months, the estimated 4-year overall survival rate is 81%, the 4-year disease-free survival rate is 80%, and the 4-year cumulative incidence of relapse rate is 15%. These results parallel those observed in studies conducted in high-income countries, highlighting the long-term effectiveness of developing clinical networks to improve clinical care and infrastructure in LMIC.
Smart integration of cold plasma stream and surface discharge with ns laser ablation for composite nanomaterial
Authors: Muhammad Akhtar Hafiz , Latif Muhammad , khan Mahtab Ahmad , Abdullah M. , Khan Taj Muhammad
Published: May 2024

In this paper, smart integration of cold dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma in various geometrical arrangements with laser ablation at atmospheric pressure for nanomaterial was described. A composite Co:ZnO target was ablated in an airflow by a nanosecond (ns) laser (wavelength: 1064 nm, pulse duration: 30 ns) using fluence of 5 J-cm−2 at a repetition rate of 10 Hz. The nanomaterial produced under vertical and oblique plasma streams, surface discharge and gas flow, were compared. Utilization surface discharge markedly improved the material adhesion by altering surface intrinsic behavior, inducing anticipated surface energy activation, chemical changes, and the formation of a densely packed solid structure. Under all conditions, the material consistently retained its crystalline nature, elemental composition, and ultraviolet emission characteristics. These preliminary findings hold promise for additional research, suggesting avenues for making complex materials in a flexible environment. Such new advancements could facilitate applications in the biomedical, catalysis, pharmaceutical, and surgical device domains.
Exploring teacher self-efficacy in human evolution instruction following a dynamic hands-on professional development workshop
Authors: Selba Molly C. , Ziegler Michael J. , Townley Amanda L. , Antonenko Pavlo D.
Published: May 2024

Background

Human evolution is a topic that is largely excluded from K-12 classrooms for a variety of reasons, including the inability, unwillingness, or lack of preparedness of educators to teach a topic that has been seen as controversial. This study explored how engagement in professional development infused with 3D printing and ways of knowing discussion influenced science teachers' self-efficacy for teaching human evolution. The professional development opportunity was designed to empower teachers and provide them with the tools necessary to incorporate human evolution into their curriculum. During this workshop, participants learned about paleontology and human origins, spoke with professional paleoanthropologists, discussed implementation strategies with evolution educators, and developed lesson plans centered around human evolution. To explore the role of this professional development on teachers’ self-efficacy and perceptions of the teaching of evolution, we used a previously validated survey that was employed in the pre-test and post-test format and semi-structured focus group interviews.

Results

The results of this study indicate that the workshop positively impacted teacher perceptions of the teaching of evolution with significant improvements on two of the three tested factors and the third factor almost reaching significance.

Conclusions

Our data demonstrate that a three-day workshop can successfully impact teachers' perception dof the teaching of evolution and, in turn, increase the implementation of human evolution in K-12 classrooms. By specifically structuring the workshop content in a way that addressed many of the previously indicated obstacles in teaching evolution, we were able to positively impact educators and provide them with the information and tools necessary to add human evolution into their curricula.
Association of PM2.5 chemical constituents with general, abdominal and visceral obesity and mediation roles of physical activity
Authors: Ye Tingting , Shao Ying , Cai Changwei , Li Yuchen , Yu Bin , Qiao Xu , Feng Chuanteng , Jia Peng , Yang Shujuan
Published: May 2024

Background

The association between exposure to PM2.5 chemical constituents and obesity remains to be elucidated, as most studies have used a single measure of obesity. This study aimed to investigate the associations of exposure to PM2.5 chemical constituents with general, abdominal, and visceral obesity, and the mediation effect of physical activity (PA) in the associations.

Methods

Based on a total of 49,819 adults from the baseline of the Yunnan Behavior and Disease Surveillance cohort (YBDS) in southern China in 2021, we used multiple linear regression, weighted quantile sum regression, and quantile regression to estimate independent and joint effects of PM2.5 chemical constituents on elevated BMI, waist circumference (WC) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) and whether these effects changed in quantiles. Mediation analysis was used to examine whether physical activity acts as a mediator in these pathways.

Results

Per IQR μg/m3 increase in all PM2.5 chemical constituents was significantly associated with the elevated BMI (β [95% CI]: 0.170 [0.127, 0.214]), WC (0.316 [0.217, 0.415]) and VAI (0.102 [0.075, 0.129]), with the largest weights from OM (53.89, 81.67, and 89.82%, respectively). The effects of PM2.5 chemical constituents on obesity showed an overall upward trend from quantiles 1–4 of BMI, WC, and VAI, especially with a rapid upward trend from the sixth decile of VAI. Reduced PA mediated 3.16, 7.08, and 3.78% of the associations between PM2.5 chemical constituents and elevated BMI, WC, and VAI, respectively.

Conclusions

Exposure to PM2.5 chemical constituents, especially OM, was significantly associated with increased risks for obesity in adults. The effects of associations increased with obesity severity, with PA playing a mediation role.
Whole-genome selection signature differences between Chaohu and Ji’an red ducks
Authors: Lin Ruiyi , Li Huihuang , Lin Weilong , Yang Fan , Bao Xinguo , Pan Chengfu , Lai Lianjie , Lin Weimin
Published: May 2024

Assessing the genetic structure of local varieties and understanding their genetic data are crucial for effective management and preservation. However, the genetic differences among local breeds require further explanation. To enhance our understanding of their population structure and genetic diversity, we conducted a genome-wide comparative study of Chaohu and Ji’an Red ducks using genome sequence and restriction site-associated DNA sequencing technology. Our analysis revealed a distinct genetic distinction between the two breeds, leading to divided groups. The phylogenetic tree for Chaohu duck displayed two branches, potentially indicating minimal impact from artificial selection. Additionally, our ROH (runs of homozygosity) analysis revealed that Chaohu ducks had a lower average inbreeding coefficient than Ji’an Red ducks. We identified several genomic regions with high genetic similarity in these indigenous duck breeds. By conducting a selective sweep analysis, we identified 574 candidate genes associated with muscle growth (BMP2, ITGA8, MYLK, and PTCH1), fat deposits (ELOVL1 and HACD2), and pigmentation (ASIP and LOC101797494). These results offer valuable insights for the further enhancement and conservation of Chinese indigenous duck breeds.
Genomic dissection and mutation-specific target discovery for breast cancer PIK3CA hotspot mutations
Authors: Miranda Adam X. , Kemp Justin , Davidson Brad A. , Bellomo Sara Erika , Miranda Verda E. , Manoni Alexandra , Marchiò Caterina , Croessmann Sarah , Park Ben H. , Hodges Emily
Published: May 2024

Background

Recent advancements in high-throughput genomics and targeted therapies have provided tremendous potential to identify and therapeutically target distinct mutations associated with cancers. However, to date the majority of targeted therapies are used to treat all functional mutations within the same gene, regardless of affected codon or phenotype.

Results

In this study, we developed a functional genomic analysis workflow with a unique isogenic cell line panel bearing two distinct hotspot PIK3CA mutations, E545K and H1047R, to accurately identify targetable differences between mutations within the same gene. We performed RNA-seq and ATAC-seq and identified distinct transcriptomic and epigenomic differences associated with each PIK3CA hotspot mutation. We used this data to curate a select CRISPR knock out screen to identify mutation-specific gene pathway vulnerabilities. These data revealed AREG as a E545K-preferential target that was further validated through in vitro analysis and publicly available patient databases.

Conclusions

Using our multi-modal genomics framework, we discover distinct differences in genomic regulation between PIK3CA hotspot mutations, suggesting the PIK3CA mutations have different regulatory effects on the function and downstream signaling of the PI3K complex. Our results demonstrate the potential to rapidly uncover mutation specific molecular targets, specifically AREG and a proximal gene regulatory region, that may provide clinically relevant therapeutic targets. The methods outlined provide investigators with an integrative strategy to identify mutation-specific targets for the treatment of other oncogenic mutations in an isogenic system.
Comprehensive genome-wide analysis of wheat xylanase inhibitor protein (XIP) genes: unveiling their role in Fusarium head blight resistance and plant immune mechanisms
Authors: Lin Juan , Ruan Shuang , Guo Qi , Zhang Yonglin , Fang Mengyuan , Li Tiantian , Luo Gan , Tian Zhuangbo , Zhang Yi , Tandayu Erwin , Chen Can , Lu Jie , Ma Chuanxi , Si Hongqi
Published: May 2024

In this comprehensive genome-wide study, we identified and classified 83 Xylanase Inhibitor Protein (XIP) genes in wheat, grouped into five distinct categories, to enhance understanding of wheat's resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB), a significant fungal threat to global wheat production. Our analysis reveals the unique distribution of XIP genes across wheat chromosomes, particularly at terminal regions, suggesting their role in the evolutionary expansion of the gene family. Several XIP genes lack signal peptides, indicating potential alternative secretion pathways that could be pivotal in plant defense against FHB. The study also uncovers the sequence homology between XIPs and chitinases, hinting at a functional diversification within the XIP gene family. Additionally, the research explores the association of XIP genes with plant immune mechanisms, particularly their linkage with plant hormone signaling pathways like abscisic acid and jasmonic acid. XIP-7A3, in particular, demonstrates a significant increase in expression upon FHB infection, highlighting its potential as a key candidate gene for enhancing wheat's resistance to this disease. This research not only enriches our understanding of the XIP gene family in wheat but also provides a foundation for future investigations into their role in developing FHB-resistant wheat cultivars. The findings offer significant implications for wheat genomics and breeding, contributing to the development of more resilient crops against fungal diseases.