bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling of Groundwater Potential Zones in Semi-Arid Areas Using UAV, GIS and Multi-Criteria Decision Making
Authors: NJOCK Michel Constant , Gweth Marthe Mbond Ariane , Pouth Nkoma Andre Michel , Meli'i Jorelle Larissa , Gounou Pokam Blaise Pascal , Kouamou Njifen Serges Raoul , Talla Andre , Fantong Wilson , Mbessa Michel , Njandjock Nouck Philippe
Published: January 2025

Today, groundwater potential zones (GWPZ) modeling based on scientific principles and modern techniques is a major challenge for scientists around the world. This challenge is even greater in arid and semi-arid areas. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), geographic information system (GIS) and multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) are modern techniques used in various fields of application, particularly in groundwater exploration. This study attempts to use a workflow for modeling the GWPZ using UAV technology, GIS and the MCDM in semi-arid zones. Aerial survey produced a high-resolution DEM of 4 cm. Six influencing factors, including elevation model, drainage density, lineament density, slope, flood zone and topographic wetness index were considered for the delineation of the GWPZ. Four classes of groundwater potential were identified, high (4.64%), moderate (23.74%), low (18.2%) and very low (53.42%). Three validation methods were used, namely, borehole yield data, receiver operating characteristic-area under the curve (ROC-AUC), and principal component analysis (PCA) and gave accuracies of 82.14%, 65.4% and 72.49%, respectively. These validation indicate satisfactory accuracy and justifies the effectiveness of the approach. The mapping of GWPZ in semi-arid zones are very essential for the availability, planning of water resources management and help in sustainable development.
Quantitative Interpretation of Simulated Polymer Mean-Square Displacements
Authors: Phillies George D. J.
Published: January 2025

The time-dependences of the mean-square displacements g(t) of polymer monomers and polymer centers-of-mass provide a significant test of modern theories of polymer dynamics. Familiar models propose that g(t) is described by a series of power-law regimes g(t)∼t^α, the models predicting values of α and time regimes within which those values will be found. g(t) has been obtained quantitatively over a wide range of times by means of computer simulations, permitting comparison with the models. Here we demonstrate a novel path for quantitatively analyzing g(t). We show that we can readily distinguish between regimes in which g(t) actually follows a power law in time, does not follow a power law in time, or has an inflection point. The method accurately determines the local value of the exponent, without imposing any assumption as to the exponent’s value.
Multi-Domain Features and Multi-Task Learning for Steady-State Visual Evoked Potential-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces
Authors: Chen Yeou-Jiunn , Chen Shih-Chung , Wu Chung-Min
Published: January 2025

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) enable people to communicate with others or devices, and improving BCI performance is essential for developing real-life applications. In this study, a steady-state visual evoked potential-based BCI (SSVEP-based BCI) with multi-domain features and multi-task learning is developed. To accurately represent the characteristics of an SSVEP signal, SSVEP signals in the time and frequency domains are selected as multi-domain features. Convolutional neural networks are separately used for time and frequency domain signals to effectively extract the embedding features. An element-wise addition operation and batch normalization are applied to fuse the time and frequency domain features. A sequence of convolutional neural networks is then adopted to find discriminative embedding features for classification. Finally, multi-task learning-based neural networks are used to correctly detect the corresponding stimuli. The experimental results showed that the proposed approach outperforms EEGNet, multi-task learning-based neural networks, canonical correlation analysis (CCA), and filter bank CCA (FBCCA). Additionally, the proposed approach is more suitable for developing real-time BCIs compared to a system where the duration of an input is 4 seconds. In the future, utilizing multi-task learning to learn the characteristics of embedding features extracted from FBCCA may further improve the performance of the proposed approach.
The Impact of COVID-19 Disease on Liver Transplant Recipients. Evolution of Infection, Prevention and Treatment Throughout the Pandemic “Waves”
Authors: Fernández Fernández Clara , Otero Torrón Blanca , Bernaldo de Quirós Fernández Mercedes , San Juan Garrido Rafael , Martín-Arriscado Arroba Cristina , Justo Alonso Iago , Marcacuzco Quinto Alberto Alejandro , Caso Maestro Óscar , Cambra Molero Félix , Nutu Oana Anisa , Calvo Pulido Jorge , Manrique Municio Alejandro , García-Sesma Pérez-Fuentes Álvaro , Loinaz Segurola Carmelo
Published: January 2025

Liver transplant recipients (LTR) have been considered a population group vulnerable to COVID-19 disease as they are chronically immunosuppressed patients with frequent comorbidities. This study describes the course of SARS-CoV-2 disease from February 2020 to December 2023 along seven pandemic “waves". We carried out an observational study on a 307 COVID-19 cases cohort in LTR with the aim of evaluating the changes in the disease characteristics over time and determining the risk factors for severe COVID-19. Older age and serum creatinine ≥ 2 mg/dL were found to be risk factors for hospital admission and respiratory failure. Calcineurin inhibitors was a protective factor for death from COVID-19, hospitalization and respiratory failure. 100% of patients who died (N = 12) were on mycophenolate mofetil, which was a determinant for respiratory failure. Azathioprine was associated with admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and with invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Vaccination was a protective factor for hospitalization, respiratory failure and mortality. Severe COVID-19 rate was higher during the first five waves, with a peak of 57.14% and the highest mortality rate (21.43%), in the 4th wave. IMV and ICU admission rates did not show significant differences across the periods.
Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-Targeted Antibody–Drug Conjugates: A Promising Approach for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Shih Chia-Hsien , Hsieh Tzuo-Yi , Sung Wen-Wei
Published: January 2025

Prostate cancer (PC), especially metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), is a significant cancer characterized by its poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has emerged as a diagnostic and therapeutic target for PC due to its restricted expression in malignant prostate tissues. In this case, several PSMA-targeting molecules were developed for radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are a novel therapeutic approach for various carcinomas, which could selectively target PSMA-positive tumor cells and minimize off-target toxicity. ADCs have made great progress in the treatment of breast and bladder cancers, and some have received FDA approval for target therapy. However, studies on PSMA ADCs are limited, and most clinical trials are in stage I or II. Therefore, this study reviewed trials about PSMA-targeting ADCs for the treatment of PC. Clinical trials have reported a favorable pharmacokinetic profile and antitumor activity. Toxicity studies have revealed manageable adverse effects, with no significant off-target toxicity in PSMA-negative tissues. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of PSMA ADCs for the treatment of mCRPC. However, it also emphasizes the necessity of further clinical investigation to optimize efficacy, safety, and patient outcomes.
Gravitational Bounce and Inflation Driven by the Exclusion Principle
Authors: Gaztañaga Enrique , Kumar K. Sravan , Pradhan Swaraj , Gabler Michael
Published: January 2025

We present a novel cosmological framework where cosmic expansion arises from the gravitational collapse and bounce of a uniform, spherically symmetric cloud of mass \( m \) with an initial comoving radius \( \chi_* \). Extending Lemaître's 1933 "atom universe," this model incorporates a perfect fluid with an evolving equation of state \( P = P(\rho) \), transitioning from pressureless dust \( P = 0 \) to a ground state with fixed energy density (\( \rho_G \)) as required by the quantum exclusion principle. This results in negative pressure (\( P_G = -\rho_G \)) and a gravitational bounce at the gravitational radius \( R_B \), associated with \( \rho_G \) (\( R_B \simeq 24 \) km for nuclear saturation density). The bounce triggers an expansion phase, with \( P(\rho) \) serving as the inflationary potential. This framework explains the cosmic cutoff scale (\( \chi_* \simeq 15.9 \) Gpc) which addresses key observed CMB anomalies. The bounce is trapped within the initial gravitational radius \( r_S = 2Gm \), which acts like a \( \Lambda \) term with \( r_S=\sqrt{3 /\Lambda} \simeq 5.1 \) Gpc. This approach provides a unified explanation of inflation and its observational signatures, offering new insights into cosmic expansion and the quantum origins of structures.
South African Government Bond Yields and the Specifications of Affine Term Structure Models
Authors: Molibeli Malefane Harry , Vuuren Gary van
Published: January 2025

This study adopts the affine term structure three-factor models outlined by , aiming to analyse South African (SA) government bond yields across various maturities. The primary objective is to evaluate whether these models offer robust pricing capabilities—being both admissible and flexible—while capturing the conditional correlations and volatilities of yield factors specific to SA bond yields. For a model to be considered admissible, it must also demonstrate economic identification and maximal flexibility. We thus investigate the short-, medium-, and long-term dynamics of bond yields concurrently. Model estimation involves deriving joint conditional densities through the inversion of the Fourier transform applied to the characteristic function of the state variables. This enables the use of maximum likelihood estimation as an efficient method. We assume that the market prices of risk are proportional to the volatilities of the state variables. The analysis reveals negative correlations between factors. Among the models tested, the A1(3) model outperforms the A2(3) model in terms of fit, both in-sample and out-of-sample.
Polyglycerol Citrate Binder for Sawdust Green Composites
Authors: Martins Leonor , Ribeiro António Manuel Relógio , Rijo Bruna Alexandra Canuto , Costa Pereira Manuel Francisco , Soares Dias Ana Paula
Published: January 2025

Wood waste holds surprisingly diverse potential. From trimmings and offcuts to shavings and sawdust, each form can be repurposed in various ways. While converting wood waste into energy pellets through combustion is common, its applications extend far beyond fuel. Particleboard panels offer an environmentally friendly solution by repurposing wood waste rather than incinerating it. To promote sustainability and align with carbon neutrality goals, replacing traditional fossil-based binders with bio-based alternatives is essential. Sawdust/polyglycerol citrate composites were produced, leveraging the abundant availability of glycerin from the biodiesel industry. Sawdust/polyester composites with 25% (by weight) sawdust and a glycerin/citric acid ratio of 0.5 (molar ratio ≈1) were prepared by curing the polymer in an oven at 170 °C for 8 hours. Water (in a water/glycerin ratio ranging from 0 to 2.5) was added to improve the mixability of the sawdust-prepolymer mixture, promoting densification of the composite after curing. Without sawdust, the polymer cure was slower, indicating that the -OH groups of the cellulosic components in sawdust participate in esterification reactions, as evidenced by the fact that citric acid alone acts as a wood binder. These composites were extensively characterized through various physicochemical methods, including ATR-FTIR, TG-DTA in the oxidative atmosphere. Tensile tests demonstrated that the composites possess properties similar to hardwood, while thermal conductivity tests (0.07-0.10 W/(K.m)) indicated that the lightweight panels could be used as thermal and acoustic insulation in construction. The results demonstrate that polyglycerol citrate is an effective biobinder for producing particleboard panels, as it enables the valorization of sawdust from wood processing and glycerin from the biodiesel industry.
Numerical investigation of the effect of temperature and volume fraction on the thermal properties of polystyrene silver nanoparticle (PS/AgNPs) composites
Authors: Mohammed Imrana Habibat , Yabagi Jibrin Alhaji , Akusu Patrick Ovie , Babakatcha Ndanusa , Ladan Muhammad Bello , Dada Micheal , Kimpa Mohammed Isah
Published: January 2025

In this paper, the effect of temperature and volume fraction on the thermal properties of polystyrene silver nanoparticle (PS/AgNPs) composites is numerically investigated. This polymer nanocomposite consists of different quantities of silver (Ag) nanoparticles incorporated in a polystyrene (PS) matrix. The temperature dependence of the core-shell nanoparticles is investigated in the framework of Maxwell model and the Rule of Mixture model for random nanocomposite. By modeling the nanoparticles as being spherical, the effect of volume fraction and temperature on the core-shell nanoparticles is studied via both models for spherical core-shell nanoparticles. Simulations are successfully carried out using MATLAB programming to account for the effective thermal response which occurs at the wide interface between materials. The results show that the thermal conductivity of the matrix material can be enhanced by embedding high thermal conductivity nanoparticles, but the effectiveness of such a strategy diminishes as the effective thermal response between the nanoparticles and matrix material increases. Further simulations indicate that the enhancement of thermal conductivity can be affected by the alignment of nanoparticles with respect to the temperature gradient. The values obtained from the analytical Maxwell model compared to Rule of Mixture model are in close agreement with the experimental valuesfor a spherical nanocomposite. The Sufer 16 software is further used to show the 2-D contour of thermal conductivity variation over particle volume fraction and temperature of polystyrene silver nanoparticles (PS/AgNPs) composite. The polystyrene silver nanoparticles composite are expected to have adequate potential for a wide variety of applications particularly in microelectronic industries.
Radiological hazard assessment of natural radionuclides in soils of Udege Mbeki Mining Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Osas Eghaghe Stephen , Jude Koffa Durojaiye , James Eneye , James Rabba Anthony , Vivian Obaje Onechojo , Emmanuel Echioda , Joseph Aremu , Nafiu Aliu Sadiq
Published: January 2025

Mining involves excavating soil with radioactive materials, which may enter the food chain and harm humans. This study evaluated the risks of exposure to ionizing radiation from radium-226, potassium-40, and thorium-232 in Udege Mbeki mining area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Twenty-one (21) soil samples were randomly collected in the mining site. The activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in the samples ranged from 12.7462-430.8147 Bq/kg, 38.4147-725.4748 Bq/kg, and 22.3092-395.5596 Bq/kg respectively. The estimated effective dose in the Udege mined site soil samples was 19.7538-330.3428 mSvy-1, with an average of 148.8091 mSvy-1 in the dump, 67.1197 mSvy-1 in the farmland, and 121.4909 in the surface soil. These values exceed ICRP's recommended reference level of 1mSvy-1 for public exposure and 20 mSvy-1 for workers. Thus, the mine is hazardous for both the public and workers. It is recommended that the implementation of a routine monitoring be implemented on the radiation levels in the mined tailings on a periodic basis, so as to keep track of the rise and fall in the radioactivity levels. This is necessary for a sensitization scheme to be put in place in order to educate the inhabitants of the area on the need for self-protection from the hazards of ionizing radiation as well as educating the workers on the necessity to follow the right procedure and use the necessary protective gears.
A Low-cost demonstration kit for determination of the active region of x-ray detectors using phototransistors
Authors: Saminan Saminan , Silviana Fitria , Prayogi Soni
Published: January 2025

This research develops a low-cost demonstration kit that aims to facilitate understanding of the concept of determining the active region of an X-ray detector using a phototransistor. This demonstration kit provides a practical and effective tool for illustrating the basic principles of X-ray detection, focusing on the phototransistor as the main component. The research method includes designing an electronic circuit capable of converting changes in light received by a phototransistor into an electrical signal that can be measured. The interaction of X-rays with matter can produce fluorescence phenomena that emit visible light. This phenomenon is utilized to design a phototransistor-based X-ray detector by attaching a ZnS (Ag) fluorescent screen to the surface of a phototransistor arranged in a Darlington circuit. The measurement of the active area of the detector was carried out by collimating the x-ray beam from a 2000-watt Philips x-ray generator tube, 60 kV type PW 2215/20 NR 780026, and measuring the output voltage of the detector (Vout) every 1 mm the change in beam position horizontally or vertically. The experimental results show that the Darlington circuit can be applied to design phototransistor-based X-ray detectors. The detector's active area irradiated with x-rays was obtained at (3.5 ± 0.5) mm horizontally and (3.3 ± 0.5) mm in the vertical direction. The results validate the phototransistor's response to X-rays and provide a clear illustration of how the active region of the detector can be identified and measured.
Motorización metropolitana: un análisis del crecimiento exponencial del parque vehicular
Authors: Rosas Ferrusca Francisco Javier
Published: January 2025

El objetivo de este artículo consiste en analizar el crecimiento del parque vehicular en la Zona Metropolitana de Toluca (México) contextualizando las principales tendencias del tráfico en las ciudades del mundo a partir de los tiempos de viaje, de las velocidades medias y de los niveles de congestión. La comparación del ritmo de crecimiento de la población y del parque vehicular durante los últimos cuatro años (2019-2022) señalan que, en México, y en particular en las zonas metropolitanas del Estado de México, este comportamiento ha sido constante y sostenido a pesar de las restricciones impulsadas por las autoridades para reducir la movilidad en las ciudades, mientras que para la población es lineal. En la Zona Metropolitana de Toluca el índice de motorización se sitúa en 467 vehículos por cada 1,000 habitantes. Durante el periodo que va de 2019 a 2022, las unidades motorizadas reflejan un incremento de 143,097 vehículos, que incluye automóviles, camiones para pasajeros, camiones y camionetas para carga y motocicletas, situación superior al ritmo de crecimiento de la población.
Surgical Complications in Management of Primary Synovial Chondromatosis in the Distal Interphalangeal Joint
Authors: Munn Alexandra , Steckle Valerie , Kadar Assaf
Published: January 2025

Case:

A 60-year-old right-hand–dominant woman experienced progressive enlargement of a mass over the index distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint over 5 years, leading to joint destruction and swan neck deformity. Radiography showed arthritis, erosion, and calcific deposition. Surgical intervention included mass excision, synovectomy, and DIP joint arthrodesis. After initial fixation failure, revision surgery achieved DIP joint fusion, with histology confirming synovial chondromatosis.

Conclusion:

This case highlights the diagnostic and treatment challenges of treating rare presentations of synovial chondromatosis in small hand joints, emphasizing early recognition, synovial excision, and joint stabilization in the presence of poor bone quality to prevent recurrence and preserve function.
Aberrant Insertion of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament on the Lateral Meniscus
Authors: Norman Mackenzie , Zehner Katie , Gardner Elizabeth
Published: January 2025

Case:

A 16-year-old woman presented with acute on chronic knee pain and instability following a twisting injury. The tibial insertion of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) was nonvisualized on magnetic resonance imaging. A cord-like ACL, originating from the lateral intercondylar notch and inserting smoothly into the anterior horn of the intact lateral meniscus, was found on arthroscopy. Her ACL was reconstructed with quadriceps tendon autograft.

Conclusion:

We report a rare case of dysplastic ACL inserting into the lateral meniscus in a patient without obvious skeletal deformities. This pathology could be congenital or traumatic. Surgeons and radiologists should be aware of this rare variant.
Efectividad del láser diodo infrarrojo (808-980 nm) como coadyuvante del raspado y alisado radicular en el tratamiento no quirúrgico de periodontitis: una revisión sistemática
Authors:   , Chavez Zarate Nashely Nickol , Rivera Ledezma Nicoll Sarai
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: Esta revisión sistemática (RS) evaluó la efectividad clínica del láser diodo infrarrojo como coadyuvante del raspado y alisado radicular (RAR) en pacientes con periodontitis. Materiales y métodos: La investigación se elaboró en base a las directrices PRISMA. La búsqueda ha sido realizada en las siguientes bases de datos: Scopus, Pubmed, Wos, Cochrane y Embase hasta agosto de 2024 para encontrar estudios clínicos aleatorizados (ECA) que tengan un seguimiento ≥3 meses y compararan la efectividad clínica del láser diodo con longitud onda desde 808 nm a 980 nm junto a RAR vs RAR solo sobre el nivel de inserción clínica (NIC), profundidad al sondaje (PAS) y sangrado al sondaje (SAS). El riesgo de sesgo se evaluó mediante la herramienta RoB 2. Resultados: Un total de 5 estudios se incluyeron. Los hallazgos mostraron que el uso del láser diodo infrarrojo (808-940nm) como coadyuvante del RAR mejoró el NIC y redujo la PAS a los 3, 6 y 12 meses de seguimiento, mientras que no tuvo efecto significativo para el SAS. Con respecto al riesgo de sesgo, tres estudios fueron clasificados como “bajo riesgo” y dos con “algunas preocupaciones”. Conclusiones: La evidencia colectiva de esta RS reveló que el uso del láser diodo infrarrojo (808-940 nm) coadyuvante al RAR fue eficaz para mejorar el NIC y reducir la PAS en el tratamiento de periodontitis.
Factores asociados a la adherencia al tratamiento en pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar atendidos en un hospital de Lima- 2023
Authors:   , Valera Contreras Lusarela Licelitt
Published: January 2025

El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar los factores asociados a la adherencia al tratamiento en pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar atendidos en un hospital de lima- 2023. El método del estudio fue observacional, descriptivo, aplicada, transversal correlacional y no experimental. La población estuvo conformada por 119 pacientes con TB que reciben tratamiento en el hospital seleccionado. El instrumento que se empleó fue Test de Morisky-Green-Levine, este fue validado en diversas poblaciones y enfermedades. Las variables fueron la independiente factora asociada y la variable dependiente adherencia al tratamiento, las cuales fueron cruzadas por medio de la prueba bivariado y multivariada. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que solo tres factores cumplen con p < 0.05. El factor relacionado con el tratamiento, se mostró el indicador conoce los efectos indeseados de su tratamiento (0.00). El factor relacionado con el equipo y sistema sanitario su indicador significativo fue, servicio médico o farmacéutico (0.00). Factores relacionados con el paciente sus indicadores significativos fueron, limitación en actividades diarias (0.060) y distancia al establecimiento de salud (0.010). Por último, se concluye que la variable independiente factores asociados y la variable dependiente adherencia al tratamiento en un análisis multivariado mostro asociación significativa (p = 0.035).
Relación entre la presencia del tubérculo esfenoidal con el origen del músculo esfenomandibular: un estudio exploratorio
Authors:   , Taboada Granados Miguel Alessandro
Published: January 2025

Introducción: Desde que Dunn et al. realizaron disecciones a 25 muestras cadavéricas de cabezas humanas en 1996 y descubrir un quinto músculo masticatorio craneal, al que llamaron esfenomandibular (MEM), se ha creado un debate sobre si es realmente un músculo independiente o un fascículo profundo del temporal. Por otro lado, en la descripción común del hueso esfenoides se pasa por alto una estructura inconstante llamada tubérculo esfenoidal (TE), que Dunn et al. describen como el origen del músculo esfenomandibular. Varios estudios han investigado estas estructuras de forma independiente, pero hasta la fecha, ningún estudio ha explorado la relación entre la independencia del MEM y el TE, por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar y establecer la relación entre la presencia del TE con el origen del MEM. Material y método: Con el fin de establecer una relación entre estas dos estructuras, se utilizaron 12 muestras cadavéricas de hemicabezas humanas. Para identificar el MEM se realizaron disecciones in situ y para el TE se realizaron tomografías. Resultados: De las 12 hemicabezas, 8 mostraron una presencia independiente del MEM junto al TE (p=0,018). Conclusión: Se concluye que podría existir una posible relación entre la presencia del TE y el origen del MEM.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Impairs Macrophage Efferocytosis via TRIB3-Rab27a Signaling and Exacerbates Atherosclerotic Plaque Necrosis
Authors: Subramanian Manikandan , Singhal Aarushi , Dhawan Umesh , Bhutia Kunzangla , Hayat Hedayatullah , nightingale Thomas , de Gaetano Monica , Belton Orina , Brennan Eoin , Godson Catherine , Barry Mary , Shoulders Carol , Wilson Heather , Velasco Guillermo , Kiss-Toth Endre
Published: January 2025

Defective clearance of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) by macrophages is a key driver of atherosclerotic plaque necrosis which is associated with adverse clinical outcomes such as myocardial infarction and stroke. The mechanistic basis of defective efferocytosis in atherosclerotic plaque macrophages is not well understood. We show that hyperlipidemia and the consequent accumulation of lipids in macrophages triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress which directly impairs efferocytosis. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that lipid accumulation-induced activation of the ATF4 branch of the unfolded protein response pathway and the consequent upregulation of Tribbles pseudokinase 3 (TRIB3) triggers the downregulation of Rab27a resulting in impaired focal exocytosis of intracellular membrane pools towards the apoptotic cell-containing nascent phagosome. The resultant impairment in phagosome closure stalls the efferocytic process. Humans with the gain-of-function Q84R TRIB3 variant contain more TRIB3 in macrophages and display decreased efferocytosis efficiency. We confirm higher TRIB3 expression in vulnerable plaques of humans and show that hematopoietic cell-specific deletion of TRIB3 in high-fat diet fed atherosclerosis-prone mice improves lesional macrophage efferocytosis efficiency and decreases plaque necrosis. Overall, our findings highlight a novel role for the ATF4-TRIB3-Rab27a signaling axis in mediating defective efferocytosis in atherosclerosis and opens new avenues for targeting this pathway for atherosclerotic plaque stabilization.
Coastal Inorganic Mercury Time Series Reveals Interannual and Seasonal Variability Driven by Regional Climate Factors
Authors: Adams Hannah , Wu Peipei , Kübler-Dudgeon Iris , Lamborg Carl , Bowman Jeff , Schartup Amina
Published: January 2025

Inorganic mercury (iHg) is an anthropogenic pollutant that forms monomethylmercury, a neurotoxicant affecting human health through seafood consumption. Despite iHg emission reduction policies, the impact on oceanic concentrations remains unclear due to limited long-term data. Here, we present a four-year weekly time series of iHg concentrations at Scripps Pier in La Jolla, California, capturing seasonal and interannual variability. Interannual variability is driven by wet season precipitation, with wet conditions exhibiting sevenfold higher iHg variance than dry conditions, potentially linking to climate modes, such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Seasonally, precipitation and wave dynamics influence iHg inputs, with wet seasons driven by precipitation and runoff and dry seasons by upwelling. Using a model informed by these parameters, we reconstructed a 20-year record of iHg, suggesting a long-term decline of 0.005 pM yr− 1. Our findings highlight the challenges in detecting long-term trends and emphasize the need for sustained monitoring of oceanic iHg concentrations.
Photobiomodulation on postural control and gait speed in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Santamarina Laura , de Souza Mariane Oliveira , Sassaron Larissa Ansani , Ezequiel Talita dos Santos , Carvalho Regiane Luz , Boas Vanessa Fonseca Vilas , Franco Laura Ferreira de Rezende
Published: January 2025

Objectives: To evaluate the influence of photobiomodulation (PBM) on postural control and gait speed in patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN).
Methods: Prospective clinical study with 47 cancer patients undergoing treatment with platinum or taxane chemotherapy drugs and diagnosed with peripheral neuropathy of the lower limbs (LL). Patients received PBM with LED, 630 nm / 850 nm, in the lumbosacral nerve pathway for four sessions. Postural stability was assessed with the BIOMEC400 force platform, to record the amplitude and speed of displacement of the center of pressure. Power and ground reaction force were assessed using the following variables with the participant during the vertical jump: mass, jump duration, flight duration, jump speed, maximum jump force, and maximum jump power. To assess the impact of the changes studied on gait, the 10-meter walk test was performed.
Results: There was a significant improvement in the mediolateral amplitude (P=0.0250), jump duration (P=0.0001), flight duration (P=0.0064), jump speed (P=0.0443), and maximum force during the jump (P=0.0002). There was no significant improvement in maximum jump power (P=0.7637), anteroposterior amplitude (P=0.4636), anteroposterior velocity (P=0.2769), mediolateral velocity (P=0.1764), and area (P=0.1215). However, the changes found with the use of PBM were sufficient to have a clinical impact on ambulation, with a significant improvement in gait speed (p=0.0315).
Conclusion: PBM proved to be a promising and low-cost resource for improving postural control and gait speed in patients with CIPN.
One-year results and the change of vascular morphology of retinal-retinal anastomosis in patients with type 3 macular neovascularization after intravitreal administration of faricimab in the “treat and extend, then fix” regimen
Authors: Saito Masaaki , Imaizum Kimihiro
Published: January 2025

We evaluated the efficacy of intravitreal injections of faricimab and the change of vascular morphology of retinal-retinal anastomosis (RRA) after treatment for patients with type 3 macular neovascularization (MNV). We retrospectively reviewed 12 consecutive eyes of 10 Japanese patients (mean age, 80.7 years) with different stages of treatment-naïve type 3 MNV with original method of “treat and extend then fixed” regimen over 12 months follow-up. The mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) levels improved significantly (P < 0.01) from 0.99 at baseline to 0.63 at 12 months. All eleven eyes detected RRA by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) findings at baseline showed the improvement of discontinuation on RRA by OCTA findings after treatment. Progression of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy or newly developing RPE atrophy was seen three eyes (25%) with a mean of 1.0 line improvement of BCVA due to being RPE atrophy without involving the fovea. All 12 eyes achieved dry macula and showed no complications at month 12. These results indicate that intravitreal faricimab injections significantly improved the VA, achieved dry macula and nearly normalization of vessels on the RRA in patients with type 3 MNV during the 12 months of the study.
BACH2 regulates T cell lineage states to overcome dysfunction driven by tonic CAR signaling
Authors: Singh Nathan , Chang Tien-Ching , Heard Amanda , Lattin John , Barrett Amanda , Landmann Jack , Warrington John , Tenzin Yangdon , Afrin Sadia , Gupta Deepesh , Chang Ju-Fang , Ritchey Julie , Selli Mehmet , Hsu Yu-Sung , Song Haorui , Horn Avery , Weber Evan , Wandless Thomas , DiPersio John , Crawford Jeremy , Thomas Paul , Gottschalk Stephen
Published: January 2025

Nearly all chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) initiate intracellular signaling in the absence of antigen, referred to as “tonic signaling”. Tonic signaling of CARs containing the CD28 costimulatory domain has been shown to drive T cell exhaustion; in contrast, we previously found that tonic signaling of 41BB-containing CARs enhances T cell function. Using a panel of CARs targeting the B cell antigen CD22, we identified that tonic 41BB signaling activates BACH2, a transcriptional regulator that directs stem and memory programs. Overexpression of BACH2 prevented exhaustion but locked CAR T cells in less functional memory states. To overcome this, we linked transgenic BACH2 to a degradation domain, enabling dynamic control of BACH2, and found that tuning BACH2 expression enhanced long-term efficacy of exhaustion-prone CAR T cells targeting liquid and solid tumors. Through interrogation of manufactured CAR products, we also found an association between BACH2 activity and clinical outcomes in patients with leukemia.
Anatomical Variants of Nasal Cavities and Nasal Septum in Nepalese Patients: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Dahal Prajwal , Poudel Sagar , Pradhan Prajina , Ghimire Samjhana , Parajuli Sabina , Dhakal Natasha
Published: January 2025

Background:
This study examines the prevalence of nasal septum and cavity variants in the Nepali population at our hospital.
Method
A retrospective cross-sectional study of 342 adults (aged > 13) at a private hospital in Nepal assessed CT scans for nasal septum variants, deviation angles, and nasal turbinate and pneumatized uncinate process variants. Deviations were graded I-IV, with gender-specific prevalence and mean deviation angle calculated. Statistical significance was tested using chi-squared, t-tests, and ANOVA.
Results
The prevalences were as follows: nasal septum deviation (76.68%), septal spur (41.98%), septal pneumatization (40.23%), hypertrophied inferior turbinate (38.48%), lamellar concha (34.11%), concha bullosa (19.83%), supreme turbinate (9.33%), paradoxical middle turbinates (9.33%), and pneumatized uncinate process (8.45%). Nasal septum deviation was right-sided in 34.11%, left-sided in 34.40%, and S-shaped in 8.16%. The prevalences of nasal septum types were: type I (30.9%), type II (48.1%), type III (16.91%), and type IV (4.08%). The mean septal deviation angle was 6.77° (SD 4.52°), and considering cases with a deviated septum only, the mean was 8.64° (SD 3.2°). Significant associations were found between deviated septum and septal spur, concha bullosa, hypertrophied inferior turbinate, and paradoxical middle turbinate (p < 0.001, 0.012, 0.001, 0.016). Additionally, there were significant associations between types of nasal septal deviation and the sides of concha bullosa, hypertrophied inferior turbinate, and septal spur (p = 0.006, < 0.001, < 0.001). The prevalence of concha bullosa was significantly higher in females (p = 0.001), and a significant association was found between nasal septum types and concha bullosa (p = 0.003). There was a significant difference in the deviation angle among the variants of deviated nasal septum (p = 0.048), particularly between left-sided deviation and S-shaped nasal septum (p = 0.024).
Conclusion
Recognizing variants of nasal septum and nasal cavities is crucial to prevent surgical complications.
Leonardo: A Toolset to Remove Sample-Induced Aberrations in Light Sheet Microscopy Images
Authors: Peng Tingying , Liu Yu , Müller Gesine , Kowitz Lennart , Chobola Tomas , Weiss Kurt , Maier Paul , Luo Jie , Roeßing Malte , Stenzel Martin , Grüneboom Anika , Paetzold Johannes , Ertürk Ali , Navab Nassir , Marr Carsten , Chen Jianxu , Huisken Jan
Published: January 2025

Selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM, also known as light sheet fluorescence microscopy) is the method of choice for studying organ morphogenesis and function, as it permits gentle and rapid volumetric imaging of biological specimens over days. In inhomogeneous samples, however, sample-induced aberrations, including light absorption, scattering, and refraction, can degrade the image, particularly as the focal plane gets deeper into the sample. Here, we present Leonardo, the first toolbox capable of resolving all sample-induced aberrations by using two modules: (1) DeStripe removes stripe artifacts in SPIM caused by light absorption; (2) Fuse reconstructs a single high-quality image from dual-sided illumination and/or dual-sided detection, while eliminating blur and optical distortions caused by light scattering and refraction. The efficacy of Leonardo is validated on a wide range of biological systems, from minimally invasive experiments on sensitive specimens (relatively translucent embryonic and optically opaque larval zebrafish) to immunolabeled mice up to 2 centimeters in size. We provide model code and a Napari-based graphical user interface, enabling the SPIM community to easily apply Leonardo to advance light sheet imaging of inhomogeneous and complex specimens.
Identifying Hotspots and Classifying the spatial Distribution Pattern of KarstCollapse Pillars with Moran's Index in Coal Mine
Authors: Yan Junsheng , Liu Zaibin , Yang Hui , Li Wei , Wang Tiantian , Xie Qian , Liu Chenguang , Wang Xiaohui , Wang Huahui
Published: January 2025

Studying the identification of hazardous karst collapse pillars(KCPs) is vital for ensuring the safe mining of coal resources. However, current study on identifying KCPs primarily emphasizes physical detection, overlooking the spatial aggregation patterns. In this study, we proposed a hotspot identification method for KCPs using Moran's index. and carry out experiments in Wangpo Coal Mine of Shanxi, China. The method involves evaluating the KCPs by considering their morphological characteristics and using a combination of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Entropy Weighting Method (EWM) for quantitative assessment. Then the spatial distribution index of the KCPs(SDI) is determined through Geographic Information System(GIS) overlay analysis and coordinate calibration. The hotspots analysis resulted in a global Moran's index value of 0.1110, indicating a positive spatial correlation of the SDI in the study area. Local Moran's index is further used to identify hotspots of KCPs. A total of 11 special KCPs were identified within the study area, including 5 high-high cluster KCPs. Finally, we analysed the geological impact of fault and fold distributions on KCPs development in these high-risk areas. The results reveal that the development patterns of KCPs at these specific points are analyzed in relation to the distribution of geological structures, especially at the intersections of faults and folds, where high-risk KCPs are most likely to develop.
Antibacterial-resistant Genes (Abrg) Associated With Bloodstream Infections in Patients Receiving Treatment at Nigeria Airforce Medical Center Onikan, Lagos State
Authors: Ekeleme Uzochukwu Godswill
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The antibacterial-resistant genes (ABRG) associated with bloodstream infections in patients (BSI-PAP) receiving treatment at the Nigerian Air Force Medical Centre, Onikan, Lagos State, were studied from October 2023 to June 2024. BSI-PAP was defined as bloodstream infections diagnosed within 48 hours of hospitalization.
Methods: Blood samples were analyzed for bacterial contamination and antibiotic resistance, adhering to standard microbiological protocols.
Results: The prevalence of BSI-PAP was found to be 30 out of 315 discharges (9.5%). The likelihood of being admitted with BSI-PAP was highest among patients with diabetes mellitus, previous hospitalization, renal failure, and chronic dermatitis. The odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were as follows: Diabetes mellitus: OR = 4.96 (95% CI = 1.37–7.32), previous hospitalization: OR = 2.59 (95% CI = 0.29–4.9), renal failure: OR = 2.39 (95% CI = −0.17–4.89), chronic dermatitis: OR = 1.32 (95% CI = 0.37–4.29). Among the patients admitted with BSI-PAP (n = 30), the following bacterial species were identified: S. scuri ssp. lentus: 6 cases (35.3%), S. gallinarum: 3 cases (17.6%), S. eqourum: 3 cases (17.6%), E. cloacae ssp.: 5 cases (11.8%), B. capacia complex: 7 cases (5.9%), S. xylulosus: 1 case (5.9%), C. freundi: 5 cases (5.9%). Gram-negative bacteria accounted for a greater proportion of BSI cases (56.7%) compared to gram-positive bacteria (43.3%). Approximately 76% of BSI-PAP cases with these organisms exhibited antibiotic resistance. Resistance to erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and ampicillin was most prevalent in patients aged 30 years. A high prevalence of resistant genes was observed, including TEM, CTX-M, SHV, and VEB types. Clinical bacterial isolates (e.g., S. scuri ssp. lentus, S. gallinarum, S. eqourum, and S. xylulosus) demonstrated high antimicrobial resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics, particularly gentamicin, erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline.
Prognostic implications of thrombocytopenia in Chinese patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Li Xiaojing , Xu Xiaoxi , Lai Xiaohui , Wang Xiaolin , Liu Qiang , Liu Xin , Wang Luqun , Sheng Zi , Peng Jun , Chen Ping , Zhou Hai
Published: January 2025

Background
Thrombocytopenia is less common but shows high risk of early mortality in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients. In the era of novel agents-based induction therapy (NAIT), it is unclear whether NAIT can overcome the poor prognosis associated with thrombocytopenia.
Objectives
To evaluate the prognostic implications of thrombocytopenia in NDMM patients.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 1363 NDMM patients baseline characteristics, treatment response and survival, further performed regression analysis, constructed a nomogram model to predict progression free survival (PFS), and further internally validated this model.
Results
Overall, 211 (15.48%) NDMM patients were harboring thrombocytopenia, with advanced disease stages and worse outcomes. Their PFS (15 months vs 21.5 months, P < 0.001)and overall survival (47 months vs 77 months, P < 0.001) were significantly inferior compared with patients without thrombocytopenia. In NDMM receiving NAIT, the overall response (87.8% vs 92.4%, P = 0.33) but not deep response or survival could be improved between patients with and without thrombocytopenia. Five important variables (thrombocytopenia, R-ISS stage III, NAIT, deep response and autologous stem-cell transplantation) in multivariate Cox analysis were incorporated in the nomogram, which was further validated by internal datasets. The Calibration curve and time-dependent Receiver operating characteristic showed that the model accurately predicted the 12- and 24- months PFS of NDMM patients.
Conclusions
Thrombocytopenia has an indispensable prognostic effect in decreasing responses to induction therapy and survival in NDMM patients. Thrombocytopenia might need to be regarded as an independent prognostic factor in risk stratification of Chinese NDMM patients.
Comparison of Open and Percutaneous Treatment in Trigger Finger: Functional Results and Cost-effectiveness
Authors: GÖKALP OĞUZHAN , İLYAS GÖKHAN , İPÇİ FİKRİ BURAK
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Trigger finger, a common condition caused by flexor tendon compression in adults, often requires surgical release when conservative treatment fails. This study retrospectively compared the outcomes and costs of percutaneous needle release and traditional open release to treat trigger fingers.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients over 18 undergoing trigger finger surgery was conducted (n=92). The patients were divided into two groups: open surgery (n=43) and percutaneous release (n=49). Treatment outcomes were assessed using the Gilbert questionnaire (failure, complications, and satisfaction), and functional outcomes were measured using the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores. The cost analysis was based on social security billing.
Results: The mean Quick-Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores in the percutaneous group and 10.4±5.7 in the open surgery group (p=0.69). Finger stiffness was reported in 2 % of the percutaneous group and 30% of the open surgery group (p=0.03), whereas scarring was observed in 0% of the percutaneous group and 23% of the open surgery group (p<0.01). Returning to daily work was faster in the percutaneous group, with 67% resuming within a week compared to 0% in the open group (p<0.01). The procedure costs averaged 156.3±6.6 United States dollars for the percutaneous group and 182.9±24.2 USD (United States dollars) for the open surgery group (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Percutaneous needle release appears to be a more cost-effective alternative to traditional open surgery for the trigger finger, with similar functional outcomes, faster recovery, fewer complications, and lower costs.
Microplastic Pollution in Libyan Port Sediments: Today's Findings and Environmental Impacts
Authors: Amhimmid Mohammed , Yetik Mehmet Kazım
Published: January 2025

The presence of microplastics in the environment and the coastal regions is of growing concern. This has led to increased testing for the presence of microplastics in a variety of samples, including regions located next to seawater that has brought importance to limiting the amount of plastic entering the ecosystem. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has been used for the analysis of polymers as a technique to identify microplastics. This study was conducted in the west Libya zone to identify microplastics at three different locations near the Mediterranean Sea port of Tripoli using the FTIR technique. During the period between May 2022 and May 2023, a total of 10 microplastic samples (ten samples/site/15points) were collected from a selected site (A) adjacent to the coastline area of the Tripoli port in Western Libya province. The highest average "MP (polymer)/area" was recorded. According to FTIR analysis, the majority of polymers found in the ten samples from region A were polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene. This study validated for the first time the presence of these polymers of plastic in the coastal region of Tripoli port, West Libya. Results from region A showed these bases were highly efficient in obtaining optimal identification of the microplastic contamination.