bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Interpretation of Cosmic Acceleration
Authors: Gaztanaga Enrique
Published: September 2024

In relativity, the Newtonian concepts of velocity and acceleration are observer-dependent quantities that vary with the chosen frame of reference. It is well established that in the comoving frame, cosmic expansion is currently accelerating; however, in the rest frame, this expansion is actually decelerating. In this paper, we explore the implications of this distinction. The traditional measure of cosmic acceleration, denoted by q, is derived from the comoving frame and describes the acceleration of the scale factor a for a 3D space-like homogeneous sphere. We introduce a new parameter qE representing the acceleration experienced between observers within the light cone. By comparing qE to the traditional q using observational data from Type Ia supernovae (SN) and the radial clustering of galaxies and quasars (BAO)—including the latest results from DESI2024—our analysis demonstrates that qE aligns more closely with these data. The core argument of the paper is that Λ—regardless of its origin—creates an event horizon that divides the manifold into two causally disconnected regions analogous to conditions inside a black hole’s interior, thereby allowing for a rest-frame perspective qE in which cosmic expansion appears to be decelerating and the horizon acts like a friction term. Such a horizon suggests that the universe cannot maintain homogeneity outside. The observed cosmological constant Λ can then be interpreted not as a driver of new dark energy or a modification of gravity but as a boundary term exerting an attractive force, akin to a rubber band, resisting further expansion and preventing event horizon crossings. This interpretation calls for a reconsideration of current cosmological models and the assumptions underlying them.
Obesity Control and Supplementary Nutraceuticals as Co-Factors of Brain Plasticity in Multiple Sclerosis Populations
Authors: Ciumarnean Lorena , Sârb Oliviu Florențiu , Draghici Nicu Catalin , Salagean Octavia , Milaciu Mircea Vasile , Orasan Olga Hilda , Vlad Calin Vasile , Vlad Irina Maria , Alexescu Teodora , Para Ioana , Tarmure Simina , Hiriscau Elisabeta Ioana , Dogaru Gabriela Bombonica
Published: September 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration within the central nervous system. Brain plasticity, the brain's ability to adapt its structure and function, plays a crucial role in mitigating MS's impact. This paper explores the potential benefits of lifestyle changes and nutraceuticals on brain plasticity in MS population. Lifestyle modifications, including physical activity and dietary adjustments, can enhance brain plasticity by upregulating neurotrophic factors, promoting synaptogenesis, and reducing oxidative stress. Nutraceuticals, such as vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, and antioxidants like alpha-lipoic acid, have shown promise in supporting brain health through anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective mechanisms. Regular physical activity has been linked to increased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and improved cognitive function. Dietary interventions, including caloric restriction and the intake of polyphenols, can also positively influence brain plasticity. Integrating these lifestyle changes and nutraceuticals into the management of MS could provide a complementary approach to traditional therapies, potentially improving neurological outcomes and enhancing the quality of life for MS population.
Commiphora myrrha Resin Extract-Modulated Cytochrome P-450 2C9 Enzyme Expression Is Associated with Resin Extract-Derived Metabolites Binding to Pregnane X Receptor
Authors: Alsharidah Amani , Alehaideb Zeyad , Alghamdi Sahar , Suliman Rasha , Althenayyan Saleh , Almourfi Feras , Hazzazi Bader , Almogren Aljawhara , Altuwaijri Abeer , Boudjelal Mohamed , AlKhuraiji Afrah , Matou-Nasri Sabine
Published: September 2024

The use of natural health products (NHP) is constantly increasing worldwide. Among the most NHP consumed are the resins of Commiphora myrrha (C. myrrha) tree. Consumption of C. myrrha may result in herb-drug interactions that can lead to serious health consequences. This study aims to determine the herb-drug interactions based on the induction of drug-metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2C9 by a non-toxic boiled aqueous extract of C. myrrha and to unveil the potential involvement of xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptors such as Pregnane X Receptor (PXR), a well-known CYP 2C9 transcription factor. Tested at low concentrations (0.01-10 g/mL) devoid of anti-proliferative effects, boiled C. myrrha resin aqueous extract upregulated CYP 2C9 gene and protein expressions in a dose-dependent manner, reaching a mean expression level exceeding 3.0-fold change in Hep G2 cells, compared with the basal level expressed in untreated cells. Furthermore, chemical analysis using mass spectrometry and computational molecular docking using in silico studies revealed that few C. myrrha resin-derived metabolites are strongly bound to PXR. In particular, the identified metabolite named diayangambin exhibited a predicted molecular docking score close to that of a native PXR ligand. The use of the nuclear receptor binding assays confirmed the binding between C. myrrha metabolite(s) and PXR, while no binding to the other xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor, the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), was observed, suggesting that C. myrrha metabolite(s) are potential PXR agonists. In conclusion, although in vivo studies are needed, this study cautions patients, healthcare providers, and governmental regulators against the consumption of C. myrrha and diayangambin-rich preparations with a high potential for herb-drug interactions through drug-metabolizing CYP 2C9 enzyme induction, which could affect drug efficacy.
An Analysis on the Conceptual and Functional Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of PEM Water Electrolysis
Authors: AlZohbi Gaydaa
Published: September 2024

Hydrogen has the potential to decarbonize the energy and industrial sector in the future, mainly if it is generated by water electrolysis. Proton Exchange Membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) system is regarded as a propitious technology to produce green hydrogen from water using power supplied by renewable energy sources. It offers many benefits such as high performance, high proton conductibility, quick response, compact size, and low working temperature. Many conceptual and functional parameters influence the effectiveness of PEM, including temperature, pressure of anode and cathode regions, water content and wideness of layer, and cathode and anode exchange current density. In addition, the anodic half reaction (known as oxygen evolution reaction (OER)), and cathodic half reaction (known as the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)) perform an important function in the development of PEMWE. The current paper aims at presenting these parameters and discussing their impacts on the performance of PEM. Also, the PEM efficiency is presented. The different methods used to enhance the scattering of OER electrocatalyst and minimizing catalyst loading to minimize the price of PEMWE are also highlighted. Moreover, the alternative of noble metals that could be used as electrocatalyst in HER and OER to minimize the cost of PEM are reviewed and presented.
Facile Fabrication of Co–Doped Porous Carbon from Coal Hydrogasification Semi-Coke for Efficient Microwave Absorption
Authors: Li Yan-Fang , Wang Li-Fang , Gao Shu-juan , Yu Tan-Lai , Li Qi-Feng , Wang Junwei
Published: September 2024

A Co–doped porous carbon was successfully fabricated by a facile carbonizing procedure using coal hydrogasification semi-coke (SC) as the carbon and cobalt nitrate as the magnetic precursors, respectively. The microwave absorption (MA) performances were regulated by adjusting the mass ratio of the precursors. The dielectric loss from the carbon framework, the magnetic loss from nano–sized Co particles coupled with multiple scattering from the residual pores synergistically contribute to the favorable MA capabilities. When the initial mass ratio of cobalt nitrate and SC was 1:1, the Co/C composite showed the lowest reflection loss of -33.45 dB at the thickness of 4.0 mm. The effective absorbing bandwidth (EAB) could achieve 3.5 GHz at 2 mm in thickness. This work not only exploits a new avenue for the structural design and facile fabrication of dielectric and magnetic loss combinations, but also opens up another way for the high value–added utilization of SC.
Utilization of Vestibular Information for Balance Control in Children with Chiari I Malformation
Authors: Stella Irène , Perrin Philippe , Casteran Matthieu , Joud Anthony , Mallinson Art , Klein Olivier
Published: September 2024

Background: Surgery for Chiari I malformation (CMI) is indicated when typical clinic-radiological features (syringomyelia, exertional headaches, sleep apnea syndrome, tetraparesis) are present. Sometimes patients have atypical complaints suggestive of otolaryngological (ENT) involvement, and it is sometimes difficult for the neurosurgeon to determine if these complaints are related to the CMI. Our aim was to describe postural control pattern in children with CMI using Computerized Dynamic Posturography. To our knowledge, this is the first study addressing postural instability in paediatric CMI patients.

Methods: twenty-eight children aged 6 to 17 years with both radiologically confirmed CMI and clinical ENT complaints were included. Children were separated into 2 groups: operated and non-operated patients, basing on neurosurgical indication. Epidemiologic and posturographic results (CDP - Equitest®) were compared between both groups, as well as pre and post operatively in the group 2.

Results: in Group 2 patients, significant improvement of global SOT was found after intervention. When the three sensorial aspects of postural control calculated by the system were independently assessed, the greatest improvement was in the vestibular ratio.
We also observed an altered CoG pattern (“lateral deviation”) in the Group 2 patients, which significantly differed from Group 1. Lateral deviation was significantly reduced postoperatively in Group 2 patients. A correspondence between preoperative MRI and side of lateralisation on posturography was found in 4 children, but this cannot be regarded as significant due to the low number of patients.

Conclusions: postural control seems to improve after surgery for CMI in children, mostly due to improvement in vestibular function. There is a correspondence between the side of lateral deviation and the side of greatest tonsillar descent on MRI and perioperatively. Further studies are needed to support these results and to confirm utility of CDP in CMI patients.
Point of Common Connection Voltage Modulated Direct Power Control with Disturbance Observer to Increase of Renewable Energy Acceptance in Power System
Authors: Jeong Yong Woo , Choi Woo Young
Published: September 2024

As the penetration of renewable energies increases, their acceptance of the power grid system is becoming an important issue. In the case of South Korea, a 22.9kV transformer is frequently utilized to reduce the power loss of the generated renewable energy transmission, so the power quality at the point of common connection (PCC) is inevitably influenced by the nonlinearity of the transformer and the uncertainty of the inductance and resistance of the transmission line. In this paper, we present a point of common connection voltage-modulated direct power control (PCCVM-DPC) system that enhances power quality at the PCC. First, we present the mathematical dynamics of active and reactive power at the PCC side, which contains the step-up transformer’s nonlinearity, the grid voltage harmonics, and the parameter uncertainties. By analyzing the disturbance terms of the PCCVM-DPC system, we present the disturbance observer (DOB) for the PCCVM-DPC system. To assess the efficacy of our approach, we perform comparative studies of the PCCVM-DPC without DOB and PCCVM-DPC with DOB by constructing the simulation environment based on the commercial step-up transformer and ESS inverter datasheet. We have validated that the active and reactive power control performance of the PCCVM-DPC with DOB outperforms the PCCVM-DPC without DOB from the observation that the current total harmonic distortion reduced by more than 40% compared to the PCCVM-DPC without the DOB.
Robust Optimality and Duality for Nonsmooth Multiobjective Programming Problems with Vanishing Constraints under Data Uncertainty
Authors: Upadhyay Balendu Bhooshan , Singh Shubham Kumar , Stancu-Minasian I.M. , Rusu-Stancu Andreea Mădălina
Published: September 2024

This article investigates robust optimality and duality for a class of nonsmooth multiobjective programming problems with vanishing constraints under data uncertainty (in short, UNMPVC) via convexificators. Using the properties of convexificators, we introduce generalized standard Abadie constraint qualification (in short, GS-ACQ) for the considered problem UNMPVC. Moreover, we introduce generalized robust version of nonsmooth stationary conditions, namely, weakly stationary point (in short, RW-Stationary), T-stationary point (in short, RT-Stationary), M-stationary point (in short, RM-Stationary) and S-stationary point (in short, RS-Stationary) for UNMPVC. By employing GS-ACQ, we establish that the RS-Stationary is the necessary first-order optimality condition for a local Pareto solution of UNMPVC. Moreover, under generalized convexity assumptions, we establish sufficient optimality criteria for UNMPVC. Furthermore, we formulate the Wolfe-type (in short, WRD) and Mond-Weir-type (in short, MWRD) robust dual models corresponding to the primal problem UNMPVC.
Innovative Strategies and Methodologies in Antimicrobial Peptide Design
Authors: Verma Devesh Pratap , Tripathi Amit , Thakur Ashwani Kumar Kumar
Published: September 2024

Multiple lines of research have led to the hypothesis that antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an important component of the innate immune response, playing a vital role in the defense against a wide range of infectious diseases. In this review we explore the occurrence and availability of antimicrobial proteins and peptides across various species, highlighting their natural abundance and evolutionary significance. The design of AMPs has been driven by the identification of key structural and functional features, which are essential for optimizing their antimicrobial activity and reducing toxicity to host cells. We discuss various approaches, including rational design, high-throughput screening, and computational modeling, that have been employed to develop novel AMPs with enhanced efficacy. A particular focus is given to the identification and characterization of peptide fragments derived from naturally occurring host defense proteins, which offer a promising avenue for the discovery of new AMPs. The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) tools into AMP research has further accelerated the identification, optimization, and application of these peptides. This review also discusses the current status and therapeutic potential of AMPs, emphasizing their role in addressing the growing issue of antibiotic resistance. The conclusion highlights the importance of continued research and innovation in AMP development to fully harness their potential as next-generation antimicrobial agents.
A Comprehensive Review of MCDM Applications in Enhancing Textile Supply Chain Management
Authors: Alimohammadi Mahdi , Salehi Amirreza , Babaei Ardavan
Published: September 2024

The textile industry plays a vital role in the global economy and faces increasing pressures related to sustainability and efficiency. Given the industry's significant environmental impact and the need for improved operational strategies, our review addresses the critical intersection of decision-making methodologies and sustainable practices. Specifically, This review aims to explore the applications of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) techniques within the textile supply chain to enhance operational performance and decision-making processes. Utilizing a systematic literature review method, we analyzed articles from Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, focusing on those that address MCDM applications in the textile supply chain. The findings reveal a strong emphasis on supplier selection and evaluation as determinants of competitive advantage, with significant trends toward integrating fuzzy set theory and advanced MCDM methodologies to address uncertainties. Additionally, Sustainability emerges as a core theme, emphasizing the necessity for firms to incorporate green practices into decision frameworks. The insights suggest that by adopting innovative analytical techniques, organizations can improve supplier relationships and operational efficiency.
The Time Course of Catecholamine Dose Reduction in Septic Shock as a Predictor of Bacterial Susceptibility to Empiric Antimicrobial Therapy: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Kuwana Tsukasa , Kinoshita Kosaku , Yamaya Yurina , Takahashi Ken , Yamaguchi Junko , Sakurai Atsushi , Imai and Toru
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: The 28-day mortality rate for septic shock is high, necessitating rapid and effective empiric antimicrobial therapy. This study investigates whether the rate of catecholamine dose reduction in septic shock can indicate bacterial susceptibility to initial antimicrobial therapy. Methods: This retrospective observational study involved 108 adult patients with bacteraemia and septic shock admitted at the intensive care unit of Nihon University Itabashi Hospital between January 2017 and December 2023. They were classified into the Susceptible or Resistant group based on the bacteria’s susceptibility to the initial empiric antimicrobial therapy. Catecholamine dosages were converted to norepinephrine equivalent (NEE) scores, with the time course from peak to end of administration measured at NEE reductions. Results: Of the 108 patients, 94 were in the Susceptible group and 14 in the Resistant group. The Susceptible group showed faster reductions in catecholamine doses: time to reduce the dose from the maximum NEE to 25% was 19 vs. 49.5 hours (p = 0.0057); and 0%, 29 vs. 54 hours (p = 0.0475). Conclusions: In septic shock with bacteraemia, faster catecholamine dose reduction indicates bacterial susceptibility to initial empiric antibiotics. This reduction rate can serve as an early clinical indicator of appropriate initial empiric therapy.
Soil Health Management Using Artificial Intelligence for Smart Agriculture Systems
Authors: Shalini V. T. , Neware Rahul , Kumari Tanvi , Kumar Mukesh
Published: September 2024

In the recent years, with the advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) traditional methods have seen a significant transformation in the agriculture sector, especially in soil management. Soil management involves practices that maintains and improves the physical, chemical as well as the biological properties of the soil. Soil health management is essential for both the environmental conservation and sustainable agriculture production, ensuring the soil productivity and functional aspects associated with the ecosystem. Soil health management is one of the most important aspects of agriculture and food production, hence preserving and enhancing the soil health is an essential factor for supporting agriculture. Integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies with soil health management offers the potential to enhance agricultural sustainability, productivity, adapt to the climatic changes and resource constraints. The study of AI tools that can help improve soil health management by providing more accurate and efficient monitoring, analysis and decision-making capabilities. This paper studies the potential AI technologies including machine learning, robotics, and remote sensing in enhancing soil health, raising crop yields, and lowering environmental concerns by examining previous research and case studies.
Colchicine-Induced Double Haploid Production of Spring Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) via Wheat × Maize Hybridization
Authors: Amin Md. Forhad , Alam Mohammad Nur , Faruq Golam , Khan Md. Mustafa , Rahman Md. Mahbubur
Published: September 2024

Bangladesh faces significant wheat grain deficiency compared to its demand due to the lengthy process (10-12 years) required to release a variety through a conventional breeding approach. Traditional breeding methods involve several years of various types of crosses between male and female parents and/or progenies, along with recurrent selection-crossing to obtain a homozygous line (F1 to F6 generations) with desired traits within almost 10 years. The double haploid (DH) method is also a time-saving, easier, and more reliable technique to achieve the desired traits in homozygous lines within 2-3 years. DH lines were produced by crossing two F1 hybrids of spring wheat with maize. 0.1% solution of colchicine was applied to produce DH of F2 progeny of wheat in the study. 80.8% (340) of the 421 pollinated florets from the two F1 wheat hybrids were produced as green parthenocarpic caryopses (GPCs) (F2). 35 of the 70 rescued embryos (or 20.6% of the GPCs) germinated. The germinated embryos regenerated 10 haploid green plants (14.3% of total embryos). After being applied colchicine, 8 of the regenerated haploid (H1) plants made it. Out of the 8 plants that made it through, only one developed homozygous double haploid seed (DH1 seed). These seeds were multiplied to produce DH2, used in the preliminary yield in the next year. The results demonstrated the potential of this method to produce a homozygous line within a short period (2-3 years) by doubling the haploid line generated through pollination of spring bread wheat F1 with maize.
Local Structure Information Learning for Small Dataset Fine-Grained Visual Classification Based on Spatial Frequency Domain Fusion
Authors: Guo Yongfei , Li Bo , Zhang Wenyue , Dong Weilong
Published: September 2024

In small data set learning, obtaining a large number of training samples from the source class for transfer learning is a challenge for fine-grained visual classification. Based on the fact that fine-grained concepts can be learned with very few samples, we use very few labeled samples (for example, three) in each category. However, due to the difficulty in distinguishing the subtle differences between fine-grained images, we propose a local structure information extraction method of SDFGVC based on spatial frequency features. The proposed learning module enhances the ability of the network to find significant regions and shows excellent performance in experiments on six datasets.
Impeding Digital Transformation by Establishing a Continuous Process of Competence Reconfiguration: Developing the New Construct and Measurements for Sustained Learning
Authors: Starke Sandra , Ludviga Iveta
Published: September 2024

Organisations need dynamic capabilities in the ongoing digital transformation to reconfigure knowledge and learning. There is a need to define new concepts and explain mechanisms of relevant factors to build dynamic capabilities. Especially organisations acting in healthcare are caught in a dilemmatic situation. New, digital processes and business models are promising benefits for cost-containment measures and improved patient-centric care, offering digital services. However, investments are needed to benefit. The important question is: how can individual actors in healthcare be motivated to engage in this transformational process to build and reconfigure relevant competences and establish new learning routines? Founded on the essence of existing literature, we assume sustained learning as a relevant dynamic capability to seize and sense competences and reconfigure human capital. This paper answers the call for deeper investigations into the mechanisms in new digitally transformed environments and sectors with less focus on performance and competitive advantages, like public administration or the healthcare sector. Based on previous research, validated in qualitative interviews and quantitative testing, we define the new construct of sustained learning with its subdimensions. By providing measures, we build the ground for further quantitative research.
Life Cycle Analysis in the Dairy Industry: Literature Review
Authors: CRUZ-MARTINEZ PERLA YETLANESI , CRUZ-RIVERO LIDILIA , MAR-OROZCO CARLOS EUSEBIO , LINCE-OLGUIN ERNESTO , HERNÁNDEZ ERIKA ANDREA , LÓPEZ GARCÍA SUSANA ASTRID
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we reviewed 42 studies on applied Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) in dairy products published since 2015. Such a systematic review of the literature contributes to addressing the gap regarding the usefulness of the LCA methodology and the need for additional research due to limited studies, data, variables, and the magnitude of environmental impact. We analyzed various environmental impacts generated in the environment, compared methods and results, and highlighted emerging issues affecting society, the economy, and the environment, warranting further investigation. Additionally, we statistically analyzed the effects that the choice of functional unit and allocation rule could have on the results. LCA is a key tool for assessing the environmental sustainability of the agri-food sector. This review aims to summarize case study research on LCA in dairy processing, disseminating potential environmental impacts and providing specific examples of research in dairy processing demonstrating how the representative end product is associated with environmental impacts on air, water, and land.
Unraveling the Genomic Landscape and Stress Responses of Cowpea Thaumatin-Like Proteins: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Jesús-Pires Carolline de , Ferreira-Neto José Ribamar Costa , Oliveira-Silva Roberta Lane de , Silva Jéssica Barboza da , Silva Manassés Daniel da , Costa Antonio Felix da , Benko-Iseppon Ana Maria
Published: September 2024

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is an important legume cultivated mainly in regions with limited water availability across the African and American continents. Its productivity is significantly affected by environmental stresses. Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs), which belong to the PR-5 (Pathogenesis-Related 5) protein family, are known to be responsive to both biotic and abiotic stresses. However, their role remains controversial, with some TLPs associated with plant defense (particularly against fungal infections) and others associated with drought response. In this study, we evaluated the structural diversity and gene expression of TLPs in cowpea (VuTLPs) under different stress conditions, including biotic [mechanical injury followed by inoculation with Cowpea Aphid-borne Mosaic Virus (CABMV) or Cowpea Severe Mosaic Virus (CPSMV)] and abiotic (root dehydration). Genomic anchoring of VuTLPs revealed 34 loci encoding these proteins. Neighbor-joining analysis clustered the VuTLPs into three distinct groups. We identified 15 segmental duplication and six tandem duplication gene pairs, with the majority of VuTLP genes found to be under purifying selection. Promoter analysis associated VuTLPs with bHLH, Dof-type, and MYB-related transcription factors, supporting their diverse roles. Diversity in VuTLP function was also observed in their expression profiles under various stress conditions. Gene expression data showed that most VuTLPs are recruited within the first minutes after stress imposition, except in the root dehydration assay, where most transcripts were induced 150 minutes post-stress, a finding also validated by qPCR. Moreover, the data suggest that VuTLPs exhibit functional specialization depending on the stress condition, highlighting their diverse roles and biotechnological potential.
Prevalence of Multimorbidity in Genitourinary Cancer in Chile: A Retrospective Population-Based Study
Authors: Eltit Ignacio , Juri Diego , Delgado Iris , Caceres Camila , Rojas Ignacio , Fernandez Mario I.
Published: September 2024

Introduction and Objectives: Multimorbidity, defined as the coexistence of two or more chronic conditions, poses significant challenges in healthcare by affecting patient outcomes and increasing costs. This study aimed to evaluate multimorbidity's impact on patients with genitourinary cancer (GUC) in Chile, focusing on prevalent comorbidities, their combinations, and their association with hospitalization severity. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, population-based study was conducted using data from the Fondo Nacional de Salud (FONASA) in Chile, including patients with bladder, prostate, kidney, and testicular cancer between 2019 and 2021. Diagnosis-related group (DRG) data were used to analyze comorbidity prevalence, hospitalization type (elective vs. emergency), severity (moderate/major vs. minor/none), length of stay, and associated costs. Results: Among 4,028,597 hospital events, 11.6% were related to GUC, involving 18,792 patients. Multimorbidity was present in 67.3% of patients, with hypertension and diabetes being the most common comorbidities. These patients accounted for 69.1% of total GUC care costs. Hospital mortality was higher in multimorbid patients (7.5% vs. 3.7%; P<0.001), who also had longer stays (mean 8 vs. 5 days). Most patients were admitted electively (60.3%), while 39.7% were admitted through the emergency room. Patients with multimorbidity had higher rates of moderate/major severity hospitalizations compared to those without (56.1% vs. 32.5%; P<0.001). Conclusions: In Chile, multimorbidity in GUC patients is linked to increased costs, longer hospital stays, higher mortality, and greater hospitalization severity. Comprehensive care strategies are needed to improve outcomes and reduce healthcare system burdens.
CFD Based Process Simulation Models for the Turbulent Mixing of the Electrode Slurries Using Rotor-Stator Mixers
Authors: Alam Md Shaheen , Shariq Mohammed , Nemec Dominik
Published: September 2024

Nowadays, rotor-stator mixers are widely used in the chemical process industry to carry out the dispersion and de-agglomeration processes for manufacturing the homogenous electrode slurries. Development of the process simulation models for the turbulent mixing of these slurries helps to optimize the mixing parameters such as rotational speed and dispersion time. In this work, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach through ANSYS Fluent are explored to determine and analyze the flow patterns, velocity fields and viscosity distribution during the dispersion of anode slurries. It utilizes a non-homogeneous Eulerian multiphase approach and the typical k-ε model to create turbulence fields and compute the mixing rate. This work significantly improves our understanding of the relationship between rotor speed, dispersion time, viscosity distribution, and mixer geometry in rotor-stator mixers.
Electron Screening in Laboratory Nuclear Reactions
Authors: Vesić Jelena
Published: September 2024

A thorough understanding of nuclear reaction rates at low energies is essential for improving our understanding of energy generation in stars and primordial and stellar nucleosynthesis. At low energies, fusion reactions between charged particles are strongly suppressed by the presence of the Coulomb barrier which classically inhibits the penetration of one nucleus into another. The barrier penetration causes the cross section to have a steep energy dependence at low energies, making cross section measurements very challenging. Furthermore, little is known about the impact of surrounding electrons in stellar plasmas that are currently beyond the reach of experiments. As a result, measuring the bare cross sections as accurately as possible is essential. Reaction rate measurements at very low energies have been made possible in recent years by the development of high-current low-energy accelerators as well as enhanced target and detection methods. Nevertheless, the presence of atomic electrons, which alter the Coulomb barrier by screening the nuclear charge and increase the cross section at low energies compared to the case of bare nuclei, complicates these observations. A review of the experimental and corresponding theoretical work on laboratory electron screening performed so far will be presented.
Predication of Low-Grade Placental Inflammation in Obesity and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kolcsar Balint , Kemény Kata Kira , Kozinszky Zoltan , Ducza Eszter , Suranyi Andrea
Published: September 2024

Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are the most common metabolic conditions with have unfavourable impact on maternal and fetal health. Key biosubtrats such as apelin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), leptin, and DNA methylation play crucial roles in these pathologic conditions.
Apelin is a peptide involved in regulating glucose metabolism and cardiovascular functions. This molecule also interacts with the apelin receptor to enhance glucose uptake, suggesting potential therapeutic implications for managing GDM and obesity.
Leptin, a hormone predominantly produced by adipose tissue, regulates appetite and energy balance. In obesity, leptin levels are often high, but a resistance to its effects develops, disrupting normal metabolic processes. Similarly, in GDM, elevated leptin may impair glucose metabolism and contribute to insulin resistance.
VEGF is critical for angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, and is often found in increased concentrations in obese individuals and those with GDM. This elevation may contribute to abnormal placental function and vascular complications, exacerbating both conditions.
DNA methylation, an epigenetic modification, plays a crucial role in gene expression regulation. In both GDM and obesity, altered DNA methylation patterns have been observed, affecting genes involved in metabolism, inflammation, and insulin sensitivity. These epigenetic changes may predispose individuals to metabolic disorders.
In our study we investigated placental apelin, leptin, VEGF, and DNA methylation interconnection in the pathophysiology of GDM and obesity during gestation. They have similar or different influencing on metabolic regulation, vascular function, and gene expression in GDM and obesity? Sonogpahic examinatios supported the metabolic analyses for that understanding their roles may lead to better management and therapeutic strategies for these conditions.
Diagnostic Utility of Copeptin in Pediatric Polyuria-Polydipsia Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ciortea Diana-Andreea , Petrea (Cliveți) Carmen Loredana , Bujoreanu Bezman Laura , Vivisenco Iolanda Cristina , Berbece Sorin Ion , Gurău Gabriela , Matei Madălina Nicoleta , Nechita Aurel
Published: September 2024

Background: Pediatric patients with polyuria polydipsia syndrome (PPS) represent a diagnostic challenge for clinicians because of the technical difficulties in performing the gold standard water deprivation test (WDT). Copeptin, a stable biomarker representing the C-terminal portion of the polypeptide chain of antidiuretic hormone, proves to be a more reliable diagnostic tool. Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of copeptin baseline dosing, arginine/saline copeptin stimulation tests, and WDT. Establishing the diagnostic utility of copeptin in pediatrics, for differentiating central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, and primary polydipsia. Methods: comparative and non-comparative primary studies, relating to children, were included and searched for in PubMed, Cochrane Library, WOS, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, up to August 2024. QUADAS-2 tool was used to assess risk of bias and applicability. Meta-analyses used fixed effect models due to low heterogeneity and the HSROC model. Results: 11 studies included, with an overall Low bias, no significant applicability concerns. The mean pooled sensitivity = 0.98 (95% CI: 0.936–1.025), pooled specificity=0.947 (95% CI: 0.920–0.973), and AUC=0.972 (95% CI: 0.952–0.992), indicating excellent diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion: Stimulation methods for copeptin dosing represent effective and less invasive diagnostic test for children with PPS, and future development of standard copeptin testing protocols are needed.
Neuromodulation Strategies in Lifelong Bipolar Disorder: A Narrative Review
Authors: Bernabei Laura , Leone Beniamino , Hirsch Daniele , Mentuccia Valentina , Panzera Alessia , Riggio Francesco , Sangiovanni Loredana , Piserchia Valentina , Nicolò Giuseppe , Pompili Enrico
Published: September 2024

Bipolar disorder is a debilitating psychiatric condition characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and depression, affecting millions worldwide. While pharmacotherapy remains the cornerstone of treatment, a significant proportion of patients exhibit inadequate response or intolerable side effects to conventional medications. In recent years, neuromodulation techniques have emerged as promising adjunctive or alternative treatments for bipolar disorder. We performed a narrative review to provide a comprehensive overview of the current literature on neuromodulation interventions in bipolar disorder across the course of lifespan. Specifically, it examines the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of action of various neuromodulation strategies, including, among others, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), and it describes the therapeutic experiences across the different ages of illness. Additionally, this review discusses the clinical implications, challenges, and future directions of the integration, in the clinical practice, of neuromodulation into the management of bipolar disorder. By synthesizing evidence from different studies, this review aims to inform clinicians, researchers, and stakeholders about the evolving landscape of neuromodulation treatments and their potential role in improving outcomes for individuals with bipolar disorder.
Induction Chemotherapy Followed by Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Larynx Preservation in Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Strojan Primož , Plavc Gaber , Šifrer Robert , Jereb Simona , Lanišnik Boštjan , Kokalj Marko , Grošelj Ales , Grašič Kuhar Cvetka
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: To test the hypothesis that clinical tumor response after a single cycle of induction chemotherapy (ICT) can reliably differentiate between chemo-/radiosensitive and resistant tumors in the larynx preservation setting. Methods: Treatment consisted of docetaxel/cisplatin/5-fluorouracil (TPF) ICT followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cCRT) with weekly cisplatin. The response of the primary tumor was assessed by transnasal endoscopy after the first ICT cycle. Results: 37/39 (95%) patients with laryngeal (46%) or hypopharyngeal (54%) carcinoma responded to one cycle of ICT, and two patients were referred for salvage surgery. Laryngectomy-free survival at 2 and 5 years was 87% and 75%, respectively. The corresponding rates for locoregional control (and also for disease-free survival) were 79% and 70% and for overall survival 92% and 82%. Conclusions: Clinical assessment of tumor response to one cycle of TPF ICT serves as a valid and easy-to-use predictor of tumor sensitivity to platinum-based cCRT.
Efficacy of 8-week course of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir combination in patients with chronic hepatitis C and compensated liver cirrhosis (EASY study)
Authors:   South Ural State Medical University, Сhelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Sagalova O.I. , Ilmukhina L.V. ,   Medical center "Academy", Ulyanovsk, Russian Federation, Tkachenko L.I. ,   Stavropol State Medical University, Stavropol, Russian Federation, Bhagat A. ,   AbbVie, Singapore, Singapore, Milenin D.O. ,   AbbVie, Moscow, Russian Federation, Plotnikova Yu.K. ,   Irkutsk Regional Centre for the Prevention and Control of AIDS Infectious Diseases, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
Published: September 2024

Objective. To determine how the efficacy and safety of an 8-week course of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB) in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and compensated cirrhosis, as demonstrated in the respective clinical trial, translate to real-world clinical practice. Patients and methods. A prospective multicenter observational study was conducted in treatment-naive patients aged ≥12 years with CHC (viral genotypes 1–6) and compensated liver cirrhosis taking GLE/PIB for 8 weeks in routine clinical practice in Russia. GLE/PIB was prescribed in accordance with the Russian label prior to patient inclusion in the study. Patients were followed for 8 weeks of GLE/PIB therapy and at least 12 weeks after its termination to assess the rate of sustained virologic response (SVR). Diagnostic methods, procedures, and visits were consistent with routine clinical practice. Each patient's data were documented in the electronic database. Results. Ninety-nine patients at 6 centers were enrolled; in 93 of these patients, follow-up data were sufficient to assess SVR 12 weeks (ie, ≥70 days) after completion of GLE/PIB therapy (SVR12). The overall SVR12 rate was 98.9% (92/93); only 1 patient did not achieve SVR12 due to virologic failure (non-response). The following SVR12 rates were found in the subgroups to which this patient belonged: 98.3% (59/60) among non-drug users, 97.1% (33/34) among those infected with GT1b virus, 98.7% (78/79) among young and middle-aged patients (<65 years), and 98.5% (65/66) among patients without HIV. In contrast, SVR12 was achieved in all patients (100%) in the remaining subgroups: patients with genotype 2 (n = 8), 3 (n = 44), and other (n = 7); drug users (n = 31) and patients with unknown drug use status (n = 2); HIV co-infected (n = 27); and elderly (≥65 years, n = 14) patients. No adverse events, including cases of hepatic failure, were observed in patients during this study. Conclusion. An 8-week course of GLE/PIB demonstrated high efficacy and favorable safety profile in treatment-naive patients with compensated cirrhosis infected with different genotypes of hepatitis C virus, including genotype 3 in routine clinical practice in Russia. These results are consistent with data obtained in GLE/PIB clinical trials and real-world studies conducted in other countries. Key words: chronic hepatitis C, compensated cirrhosis, glecaprevir/pibrentasvir combination, 8 weeks
Implementasi Digitalisasi Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Pembelajaran di SD Negeri Bulusari 01 Gandrungmangu
Authors: Almaskur Almaskur , Lestari Lestari , Sukaningsih Dwi , Istama Istama , Ngazizah Nur
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui implementasi, hasil dan kendala digitalisasi sekolah dalam meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran di SD Negeri Bulusari 01 Gandrungmangu. Digitalisasi sekolah mencakup penerapan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi dalam proses pembelajaran, termasuk penggunaan perangkat keras dan lunak. Metodologi dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa digitalisasi sekolah telah memberikan hal positif terhadap kualitas pembelajaran, seperti peningkatan motivasi belajar siswa, kemudahan akses materi pembelajaran, dan peningkatan keterampilan baik siswa maupun guru. Penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi beberapa kendala, antara lain keterbatasan infrastruktur teknologi, kurangnya pelatihan bagi guru, dan keterbatasan akses internet bagi sebagian siswa. Sekolah diharapkan dapat meningkatkan infrastruktur, pelatihan berkelanjutan bagi guru, dan siswa memiliki akses yang memadai terhadap teknologi dan internet. Implementasi digitalisasi yang efektif diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran di SD Negeri Bulusari 01 Gandrungmangu.
Development of Crossword Puzzle Media in Indonesian Language Subjects for Class 4 of SD Negeri 1 Pinang Jaya Academic Year 2023/2024
Authors: Rahmaninda Tsabita Alya , Wicaksono Andri , Harjanto Ambyah
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kurangnya ketersediaan dan penggunaan media pembelajaran dalam proses belajar mengajar serta kesulitan siswa untuk memahami materi unsur intrinsik dalam cerita. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan sebuah produk berupa media pembelajaran berupa Crossword Puzzle yang akan diterapkan pada mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia materi unsur intrinsik dalam cerita. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian pengembangan dengan model ADDIE (Analisis, Perancangan, Pengembangan, Implementasi, dan Evaluasi). Hasil validasi yang  dari validasi ahli materi memperoleh nilai rata-rata 97,5%, ahli bahasa 87,5%, dan ahli media 88,6% ketiganya masuk interpretasi “Sangat Layak” untuk diuji cobakan dilapangan. Hasil dari respon guru memperoleh nilai rata-rata hingga 100% dan respon siswa 94,8% keduanya masuk kategori “Sangat Menarik” sebagai media pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Implementasi media Crossword Puzzle di kelas 4C SD Negeri 1 Pinang Jaya menunjukkan efektivitas dengan rata-rata presentase ketuntasan evaluasi siswa mencapai 100% dengan nilai rata-rata siswa mencapai 83,3.
Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik Abad 21 Melalui Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi
Authors: Triastuti Ayu , Agusdianita Neza , Desri Desri
Published: September 2024

Pembelajaran berdiferensiasi pada abad ke-21 mampu memaksimalkan potensi peserta didik dalam menghadapi tantangan global pada saat ini, karena pendekatan ini dapat memenuhi kebutuhan individu peserta didik dan mengakomodasi gaya belajar mereka yang berbeda. Metode ini dianggap relevan dalam konteks pendidikan modern yang berfokus pada kebutuhan individual peserta didik. Peserta didik memiliki kecepatan belajar dan gaya belajar yang berbeda-beda, sehingga metode pengajaran yang sama tidak dapat efektif bagi semua peserta didik. Dengan pembelajaran berdiferensiasi maka memungkinkan guru untuk menyesuaikan materi, pendekatan pengajaran, dan penilaian sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan minat peserta didik, sehingga dapat meningkatkan motivasi mereka dalam belajar. Tujuan dari Penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan motivasi belajar peserta didik abad 21 melalui pembelajaran berdiferensiasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif studi literatur, dimana metode ini dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan beberapa literatur seperti jurnal, artikel, modul serta buku-buku yang relevan kemudian membaca, mencatat, memahami, serta menganalisisnya. Berdasarkan analisis tersebut didapatkan bahwa pembelajaran berdiferensisi dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar peserta didik, karena peserta didik dapat belajar sesuai dengan cara yang paling sesuai dengan minat, gaya belajar serta kebutuhan mereka.
Pentingnya Pengembangan Kompetensi Profesionalisme Guru dalam Menghadapi Transformasi Pendidikan Abad 21
Authors: Kinanthi Gendis Surya , Saputri Natasya Fadilla , Rosita Nur Aini
Published: September 2024

Pada abad 21 kehidupan manusia mengalami perubahan di segala bidang terutama di bidang pendidikan. Dalam upaya meningkatkan mutu pendidikan di Indonesia, perlu diambil langkah-langkah strategis untuk membangun kompetensi profesionalisme guru. Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah menilai kepentingan meningkatkan keterampilan profesional guru dalam menghadapi perkembangan pendidikan di abad ke-21. Perubahan ini menekankan pada perlunya guru memiliki keterampilan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan pembelajaran diera digital. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kepustakaan kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan data dari beberapa penelitian sebelumnya. Diharapkan bahwa hasil penelitian ini akan memberikan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang pentingnya meningkatkan keterampilan profesional guru, yang mencakup aspek-aspek pedagogis, kepribadian, sosial, dan profesional. Keterampilan ini sangat penting agar guru dapat beradaptasi dan mengelola pembelajaran secara efektif pada era transformasi pendidikan di abad ke-21. Dengan demikian, guru dapat memfasilitasi pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan peserta didik.