bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New technology: clinical efficacy of intracapsular decompression and supported hollow screw treatment for Garden IV femoral neck fractures
Authors: Jia Zhaofeng , Xiao Tinghui , Lin Yimiao , Huang Wenjun , Deng Peizhi , Lin Jiandong , Lin Shiyuan , Cheng Jiwu , Cui Fengting , Hu Xinjia , Zhang Xiaoming
Published: November 2024

Background

The management of Garden IV femoral neck fractures presents a formidable challenge. This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of a novel technological approach for treating Garden IV femoral neck fractures, involving intracapsular decompression and the utilization of supported hollow screws.

Methods

Between October 2018 and October 2021, a cohort of 46 patients, comprising 25 males and 21 females, was admitted for Garden IV femoral neck fractures. The surgical intervention employed a novel methodology, involving closed reduction of femoral neck fractures on a traction bed and percutaneous implantation of decompression support hollow screw internal fixation in the capsule. Operative parameters such as intraoperative bleeding volume, incision length, and fluoroscopy frequency were recorded. Postoperative angiography was performed to evaluate the blood supply to the femoral neck and femoral head, while long-term follow-up records documented femoral neck fracture healing and patient functional recovery.

Results

The closed reduction and minimally invasive implantation of decompression support screws in the femoral neck capsule proved effective in successfully fixing Garden IV femoral neck fractures. The screw placement time was 20–45 min, with an average of 25.2 min. The number of fluoroscopy was 6–14, with an average of 7. The postoperative follow-up was 20–25 months, with an average duration of 22 months. All patients exhibited uneventful single-stage wound healing, devoid of complications such as nerve, blood vessel, or important tissue structure injuries. While femoral head necrosis occurred in one case and femoral neck shortening in another, all femoral neck fractures exhibited healing. Post-surgery, patients experienced rapid recovery, enabling early functional exercise with satisfactory functional restoration.

Conclusion

The innovative technology, employing femoral neck capsule decompression support hollow screws, not only offers structural support, but also facilitates capsule decompression post-femoral neck fracture surgery. This approach promotes the restoration of blood flow to the femoral head and neck, accelerates fracture healing, diminishes the likelihood of femoral head necrosis, and enhances the overall therapeutic outcome for Garden IV femoral neck fractures. The merits of this novel technique warrant its widespread adoption and application.
Microbial community composition and their activity against Phytophthora nicotianae at different growth stages of tobacco
Authors: Zhang Meng-yu , Li Han , Miao Pu , Wang Hui , Xu Min , Yang Jian-xin , Yang Jin-yan , Kang Ye-bin
Published: November 2024

Background

Tobacco, an economically significant crop, faces substantial losses due to infections by Phytophthora nicotianae. This study investigated the endophytic microbial community composition in tobacco plants across different growth stages and plant parts to identify endophytes that can antagonize P. nicotianae. Using high-throughput 16S/18S sequencing to detect endophytic bacteria and endophytic fungi in tobacco, the endophytic communities of roots, stems, and leaves during the vigorous and mature growth stages were analyzed. Pure culture methods isolated endophytes, and their antagonistic activity against P. nicotianae was assessed through inhibitory assays.

Results

Non-significant differences in richness indices (ACE and Chao1) and diversity index (Shannon) among roots, stems, and leaves at the same growth stage were found. However, significant differences in richness indices were observed between growth stages, though the diversity index remained consistent. During the vigorous stage, fungal communities were dominated by Fusarium and Acremonium, and bacterial communities by Burkholderia and Bradyrhizobium. In the mature stage, fungal communities shifted to Trametes, Penicillium, and Candida, while bacterial communities were dominated by Halomonas and Actinobacteria. Out of 52 fungal isolates, 14 showed antagonistic activity against P. nicotianae, with two isolates demonstrating over 50% inhibitory activity. Among 206 bacterial isolates, 23 exhibited antagonistic activity, with 12 showing over 60% inhibitory activity.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the variation in endophytic microbial communities with growth stages and their potential in biocontrol of P. nicotianae, providing a basis for developing new biocontrol strategies and advancing tobacco disease management technologies.
Metastatic Versus Localized Disease as Inclusion Criteria That Can Be Automatically Extracted From Randomized Controlled Trials Using Natural Language Processing
Authors: Windisch Paul , Dennstädt Fabio , Koechli Carole , Förster Robert , Schröder Christina , Aebersold Daniel M. , Zwahlen Daniel R.
Published: November 2024

PURPOSE

Extracting inclusion and exclusion criteria in a structured, automated fashion remains a challenge to developing better search functionalities or automating systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials in oncology. The question “Did this trial enroll patients with localized disease, metastatic disease, or both?” could be used to narrow down the number of potentially relevant trials when conducting a search.

METHODS

Six hundred trials from high-impact medical journals were classified depending on whether they allowed for the inclusion of patients with localized and/or metastatic disease. Five hundred trials were used to develop and validate three different models, with 100 trials being stored away for testing. The test set was also used to evaluate the performance of GPT-4o in the same task.

RESULTS

In the test set, a rule-based system using regular expressions achieved F1 scores of 0.72 for the prediction of whether the trial allowed for the inclusion of patients with localized disease and 0.77 for metastatic disease. A transformer-based machine learning (ML) model achieved F1 scores of 0.97 and 0.88, respectively. A combined approach where the rule-based system was allowed to over-rule the ML model achieved F1 scores of 0.97 and 0.89, respectively. GPT-4o achieved F1 scores of 0.87 and 0.92, respectively.

CONCLUSION

Automatic classification of cancer trials with regard to the inclusion of patients with localized and/or metastatic disease is feasible. Turning the extraction of trial criteria into classification problems could, in selected cases, improve text-mining approaches in evidence-based medicine. Increasingly large language models can reduce or eliminate the need for previous training on the task at the expense of increased computational power and, in turn, cost.
Uncovering Surgical Dynamics and Trends in Early Breast Cancer Stage at Diagnosis: Key Insights From a Two-Decade Argentine Database Analysis
Authors: Mandó Pablo , Fabiano Verónica , Gomez Guasch Soledad , Colucci Giuliana , Sánchez-Bayona Rodrigo , Coló Federico , Loza Martín , Von Stecher Francisco , Amat Mora , de la Vega Máximo , Costanzo Maria Victoria , Nervo Adrian , Nadal Jorge , Chacón Reinaldo , Perazzo Florencia ,   RCM Database Contributors
Published: November 2024

PURPOSE

Breast cancer remains a major public health challenge worldwide, and understanding the trends and changes in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment over time is crucial for improving patient outcomes and guiding public health strategies. The Argentine Society of Mastology has maintained a comprehensive Breast Cancer Registry that provides valuable data for analyzing these trends.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This retrospective analysis of the Breast Cancer Registry database evaluated changes in stages at the time of surgery, patterns of surgical care, and factors associated with higher stage diagnoses in patients with breast cancer in Argentina from January 2000 to December 2019.

RESULTS

Overall, 13,239 patients met the inclusion criteria. Significant differences were observed in the axillary procedure performed, with sentinel lymph node biopsy increasing from 14.9% (2000-2004) to 69.5% (2015-2019;
P
< .001). A higher proportion of in situ carcinoma was detected in the last 5-year period compared with the first (11.3%
v
9.4%;
P
= .01) and fewer patients were stage III (17.1%
v
14.2%). In multivariate analysis, postmenopausal status (odds ratio [OR], 0.72 [95% CI, 0.64 to 0.80];
P
< .001), health coverage (social health insurance OR, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.46 to 0.61];
P
< .001 and private insurance OR, 0.36 [95% CI, 0.31 to 0.42];
P
< .001), tumor grade (grade 3 OR, 2.97 [95% CI, 2.54 to 3.47];
P
< .001), and phenotype (hormone receptor-positive [HR+]/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [HER2]+ OR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.10 to 1.70];
P
= .005; HR–/HER2+ OR, 2.14 [95% CI, 1.62 to 2.83];
P
< .001; HR–/HER2– OR, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.19 to 1.66];
P
< .001) were associated with the risk of diagnosis at stages II-III.

CONCLUSION

Significant advances in the patterns of surgical care were identified. Numerous clinical and pathologic factors correlated with higher stage at diagnosis. However, multivariate analysis failed to show a noteworthy reduction in stage at diagnosis. This observation underscores the imperative to persistently strive to improve breast cancer care in Argentina.
Fighting Calvin and Muhammad in Wall Almanacs after the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
Authors: Weiss Gillian
Published: November 2024

How and why did large-format almanac prints—a relatively understudied form of media that reached its apogee under Louis XIV—amalgamate the battle against Calvinism and Islam in the 1680s? Combining visual and textual analysis, this article suggests that royal image makers linked Muslims and Protestants to defend the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes and manifest the French king's religious zeal and imperial ambition while distracting from the ahdname (capitulations) granted by the Ottoman sultan that precluded France from joining a Catholic alliance to fight the “Turkish menace.” The article also considers the differential risks of promoting Louis XIV's Islamophobic image among constituencies in Europe and around the Mediterranean.
Parenthood and Couples’ Division of Paid Labor: The Role of Prebirth Breadwinner Couple Type in European Cross-National Perspective
Authors: Bian Fei , Marx Luana , Vandecasteele Leen
Published: November 2024

Although it is well established that parenthood affects employment decisions within households, less is known about how this effect varies across couple types in different countries. Using difference-in-differences analysis with propensity score matching and multilevel modeling with cross-level interactions, this study explores heterogeneity in the effect of parenthood on couples’ division of paid labor by prebirth relative earning power in different European contexts. The results show that the decline in the female share of couples’ paid working hours after parenthood is stronger in male main-earner couples than in equal-earner or female main-earner couples. Our cross-national findings demonstrate that institutional and cultural factors influence couples’ postparenthood employment arrangements, with the magnitude of these moderating effects dependent on the couple's prebirth relative earning pattern. Longer paid maternity and family leave for mothers exacerbates the parenthood effect on couples’ division of paid labor, whereas greater childcare provision weakens this effect. However, these policy impacts are observed only among male main-earner couples, which can be attributed to differences in opportunity costs and bargaining power across couple types. Egalitarian gender norms weaken the effect of parenthood on the paid labor division between partners regardless of the breadwinner couple type before childbirth.
It's about time: the heterochronic background for the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Authors: Wightman Bruce
Published: November 2024

The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun “for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation”. The award celebrates the discovery of small regulatory miRNAs and their mRNA targets, published over three decades ago. The groundwork for this discovery was laid during the early 1980s, when Ambros began studying mutations that caused heterochronic defects in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans − or shifts in the temporal identities of cells. A major impetus to study the heterochronic genes of C. elegans was to gain mechanistic understanding of how developmental stages are specified − a fascinating question in basic and evolutionary biology. Asking fundamental biological questions with no immediate application to human health ultimately led to the discovery of a new type of RNA, which had broad implications for understanding and treating human disease.
Avaliação do conhecimento sobre alergia à proteína do leite de vaca IgE mediada entre os cuidadores de crianças portadoras desta doença
Authors: Silva Gomes Bárbara , De Paula Lima Emanuely , Magalhães Dutra de Melo Iury , Magalhães Lacerda Aline , Daniele Santa Maria Albuquerque de Andrade Paula
Published: November 2024

A Alergia à Proteína do Leite de Vaca (APLV) é a alergia alimentar mais comum na infância, e o tratamento baseia-se na dieta de exclusão da proteína alergênica. Para tal conduta, os cuidadores precisam conhecer a doença. Este estudo avaliou o conhecimento de cuidadores de crianças com APLV IgE mediada, identificando as suas principais falhas. Foram inscritos 46 cuidadores de crianças menores de 5 anos com diagnóstico confirmado e em acompanhamento regular no programa do leite da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Ceará. Questionários semiestruturados em formato online foram aplicados de forma presencial. Observou-se que 76,1% dos entrevistados entendem o que é alergia, e 82,6% sabem diferenciar APLV e intolerância à lactose. Entretanto, metade das crianças já apresentou escapes na dieta recomendada, e o termo mais buscado pelos cuidadores nos rótulos era lactose (93,5%). Portanto, os cuidadores entrevistados apresentaram dificuldades na identificação da proteína nos rótulos, apesar de teoricamente conhecerem os termos associados ao alérgeno. Portanto, tornam-se necessários estudos que auxiliem na aquisição de conhecimentos desses cuidadores.
Scalp Lipofibromatosis – A case report on comprehensive management in a two-year-old child from Pakistan
Authors: Ansari Nasruddin , Shahbaz Aleena , Khan Muhammad Tahir , Khan Zubair Ahmed
Published: November 2024

Lipofibromatosis is a rare benign soft tissue tumor that primarily affects children. There is limited cytological description and management of this rare condition in the literature which leads to misdiagnosis. The two years old patient first presented with a big, non-tender swelling on the scalp’s right temporoparietal area. Despite receiving chemotherapy for misdiagnosis of small round cell carcinoma on first biopsy, the tumor continued to grow, requiring surgical removal. The histopathology report after surgical excision validated the diagnosis of lipofibromatosis. The cosmetic care of the wound was taken by plastic surgery team. The fact that this case was successfully treated shows how crucial it is to treat rare pediatric cancers with a multidisciplinary strategy that incorporates surgical precision, imaging, histopathology and aesthetic considerations. This strategy highlighted the need of preserving the patient’s quality of life by cosmetic reconstruction in addition to facilitating efficient tumor removal. Emphasizing thorough diagnosis and interdisciplinary management, this case adds important context to the little existing research on lipofibromatosis.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.12(PINS).11034
How to cite this: Ansari N, Shahbaz A, Khan MT, Khan ZA. Scalp Lipofibromatosis – A case report on comprehensive management in a two-year-old child from Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(12):S90-S94. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.12(PINS).11034
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Elsberg syndrome – A systematic review of existing scientific literature from 2000 – 2023
Authors: Qadri Haseeb Mehmood , Pervaiz Salman , Ijaz Momin , Fatir Chaudhary Abdul , Anwar Muhammad Usama , Babar Muhammad Saad , Bashir Asif
Published: November 2024

Objective: To assess the clinical presentation, causative agents, and treatment outcomes in patients diagnosed with Elsberg syndrome (ES).
Methods: A thorough literature search was conducted on the mentioned topic using PRISMA guidelines via PubMed, Google Scholar, and SCOPUS. Articles published between 2000 and 2023 were included using advanced search and Boolean strategy. A total of 19 case reports were included in the systematic review according to set criteria and after quality assessment.
Results: The average age at presentation was 48.9 ± 18.9 years, with a male majority of 57.9%. Lower limb sensory deficit followed by bladder dysfunction were the two most common presenting symptoms in 52.63% and 47.37% patients, respectively. Sensory loss and vesicular rash were the most frequently found signs at presentation in 36.84% and 26.32% patients, respectively. Varicella zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) were the most common infectious agents found equivocally in 36.84% cases each. Complete resolution with definitive treatment was seen in 84.21% of patients. The average follow-up duration was 5.16 months.
Conclusion: ES should be considered as a differential in patients with a prior or recent history of HSV or VZV infection who present with signs and symptoms of acute lumbosacral myeloradiculopathy. Combination therapy with antimicrobials and corticosteroids has shown promising results targeting both the infectious and inflammatory aspects of the disease.
Abbreviations: SOL: Space Occupying Lesion, TM: Transverse Myelitis, MS: Multiple Sclerosis, GBS: Guillain-Barré Syndrome, NCS: Nerve Conduction Study, EMG: Electromyography, PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction, ADEM: Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis, anti-MOG: Anti-myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein, NMO: Neuromyelitis Optica.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.12(PINS).11105
How to cite this: Qadri HM, Pervaiz S, Ijaz M, Fatir CA, Anwar MU, Babar MS, et al. Elsberg syndrome – A systematic review of existing scientific literature from 2000 – 2023. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(12):S103-S113. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.12(PINS).11105
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Η διαμόρφωση της μεθόδου μετασχηματίζουσα μάθηση μέσα από την αισθητική εμπειρία από τον Αλέξη Κόκκο
Authors: Λογοθέτου Μάρθα
Published: November 2024

Με την παρούσα έρευνα επιδιώκεται η οριοθέτηση της σχέσης της Μετασχηματίζουσας Μάθησης με τις Τέχνες στο πλαίσιο της Εκπαίδευσης Ενηλίκων. Η προσέγγιση ενός έργου τέχνης γίνεται μέσα από την αισθητική εμπειρία, δηλαδή την εστιασμένη παρατήρησή του για τη διέγερση του κριτικού στοχασμού και τη συνακόλουθη ενεργοποίηση του στοχαστικού διαλόγου εντός της εκπαιδευτικής ομάδας. Έτσι, η επαφή με έργα τέχνης υψηλής αισθητικής αξίας μπορεί να πυροδοτήσει την ανάδυση συναισθημάτων και στοχασμών που οδηγούν, αφενός, στην ερμηνεία συμβολισμών και εννοιών, που εμπεριέχονται σε αυτά και, αφετέρου, στην επεξεργασία προσωπικών βιωμάτων και προβληματισμών, που βοηθούν το άτομο στην εξεύρεση εναλλακτικών, πιο λειτουργικών προοπτικών ζωής. Επομένως, η αισθητική εμπειρία δύναται να προάγει το μετασχηματισμό των δυσλειτουργικών παραδοχών του ατόμου. Ο Καθηγητής Αλέξης Κόκκος δημιούργησε και εξέλιξε την εκπαιδευτική Μέθοδο Μετασχηματίζουσα Μάθηση μέσα από την Αισθητική Εμπειρία, ενσωματώνοντας τη συστηματική παρατήρηση των τεχνών σε μία δυναμική θεωρία της Εκπαίδευσης Ενηλίκων. Το στέρεο θεωρητικό υπόβαθρό της, η δυναμική ανάπτυξη, θέσπιση και ο εμπλουτισμός συγκεκριμένων σταδίων και η ευρεία πρακτική εφαρμογή της Μεθόδου ερευνώνται στο πλαίσιο της εργασίας αυτής, η οποία καλείται να ανιχνεύσει τους παράγοντες, που οδήγησαν στη δημιουργία μίας μοναδικής εκπαιδευτικής μεθόδου, με στόχο την κριτική αφύπνιση του εκπαιδευομένου, το μετασχηματισμό του και τελικά τη θεμελίωση της προσωπικής και κοινωνικής βελτιστοποίησης.
Assessing the severity of thermal discomfort in a building in the course of hot and humid climate
Authors: Matongo Thomas Janvier , Ngock Gilbert Roméo Hubert , Yamb Emmanuel , Mba Léopold , Diboma Benjamin Salomon , Tamba Jean Gaston
Published: November 2024

This work is an application of experimental temperature data previously collected in a residential building in Douala, Cameroon, in order to analyze thermal discomfort. The data was collected according to three occupancy scenarios over 12 month period using thermohygrometer sensors. The temperature data are analysed in comparison with the comfortable temperature range from 24°C to 28°C. The degree hour (DH) method was used to assess the severity of thermal discomfort in a hot and humid climate. The results reveal that the open C1, closed C2 and inhabited C3 rooms corresponding to scenarios C1, C2 and C3 respectively, have 7270.6°H, 9063.9°H and 10023°H. The inhabited room C3 has the largest DH and although the room C1 has the smallest DH, the latter largely exceeded the tolerable limit value of 1250°H set by the RE2020 Environmental Regulations. Results from this work can serve in building modelling for researchers and architects to act for the alleviation of thermal discomfort in regions with hot and humid climate.
Targeting the Microbiome: The Role of Low-FODMAP Diet in Modulating Gut Health for IBS and Inflammatory Conditions
Authors: Karoń Łukasz Mikołaj , Zygmunt Anna , Karoń Karolina , Pedrycz Daria , Drapała Grzegorz , Grabowski Wojciech , Pedrycz Emilia
Published: November 2024

The Low-FODMAP diet has emerged as a key therapeutic intervention for managing irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the Low-FODMAP diet in alleviating IBS symptoms and to explore its potential as a broader therapeutic tool in other gastrointestinal disorders, including inflammatory conditions. Our review highlights significant improvements in symptom relief, notably in reducing bloating, pain, and bowel irregularities, which are commonly associated with IBS. The Low-FODMAP diet’s mechanisms of action, involving modulation of gut microbiota and reduction of osmotic effects, provide new insights into its impact on gastrointestinal health.Our findings underscore the Low-FODMAP diet’s potential applications beyond IBS, suggesting benefits in conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). However, the long-term impacts of this diet on gut microbiota composition, mental health, and immune function require further investigation. Future research should focus on these aspects, especially in relation to diet sustainability and microbial diversity. The clinical implications of this study encourage healthcare providers to consider the Low-FODMAP diet as a personalized, non-pharmacological option for gastrointestinal symptom management, with careful monitoring to ensure nutritional adequacy and individual patient needs.
Cognitive Function Tests: Application of MMSE and MoCA in Various Clinical Settings- a Brief Overview
Authors: Oleksy Piotr , Zieliński Karol , Buczkowski Bartosz , Sikora Dominik , Góralczyk Ewa , Zając Adam , Mąka Magdalena , Papież Łukasz , Kamiński Jakub
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Cognitive impairment can emerge as part of aging or from conditions affecting brain function, such as stroke, brain tumors, delirium, and neurodegenerative diseases. Effective cognitive assessment in clinical practice requires brief, reliable tests that evaluate specific cognitive domains. The MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination) and MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) are among the most frequently used tools for these evaluations, each offering unique insights. 
Purpose of Research: This study aims to compare the effectiveness of MMSE and MoCA in diagnosing cognitive impairment and determining their suitability in various clinical settings and patient profiles. 
Materials and Methods: The analysis includes 61 articles from databases such as PubMed and Scopus, identified using keywords: Neuropsychological Tests, Cognitive Function Tests, MMSE and MoCA.  
Basic Results: The results indicate that MMSE, while effective for initial dementia screening, is less sensitive to mild cognitive impairment and influenced by education and age. MoCA offers higher sensitivity for MCI and early Alzheimer's stages, making it valuable as a complementary tool to MMSE.  
Conclusions: Combining MMSE and MoCA assessments can enhance diagnostic accuracy across diverse clinical contexts. Each tool’s unique strengths contribute to a more comprehensive cognitive assessment approach, optimizing diagnostic strategies for specific patient needs.
Portfolio Optimization Based on Almost Second-Degree Stochastic Dominance
Authors: Luo Chunling , Chen Piao , Jaillet Patrick
Published: November 2024

In portfolio optimization, the computational complexity of implementing almost stochastic dominance has limited its practical applications. In this study, we introduce an optimization framework aimed at identifying the optimal portfolio that outperforms a specified benchmark under almost second-degree stochastic dominance (ASSD). Our approach involves discretizing the return range and establishing both sufficient and necessary conditions for ASSD. We then propose a three-step iterative procedure: first, identifying a candidate portfolio; second, assessing its optimality; and third, refining the discretization scheme. Theoretical analysis guarantees that the portfolio identified through this iterative process improves with each iteration, ultimately converging to the optimal solution. Our empirical study, utilizing industry portfolios, demonstrates the efficacy of our approach by consistently identifying an optimal portfolio within a few iterations. Furthermore, comparative analysis against other decision criteria, such as mean-variance, second-degree stochastic dominance, and third-degree stochastic dominance, reveals that ASSD generally leads to portfolios with higher out-of-sample average excess returns but also entails increased variations and risks.

This paper was accepted by Agostino Capponi, finance.

Funding: C. Luo acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72101070] and the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant LY23G010001]. P. Chen acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72401253]. P. Jaillet acknowledges financial support from the Office of Naval Research [Grant N00014-18-1-2122 and N00014-24-1-2470] and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research [Grant FA9550-23-1-0182 and Grant FA9550-23-1-0190].

Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.01092 .
Depredadores infravalorados, los mesocarnívoros
Authors: Alanis-Hernández Luis A. , Sánchez-Rojas Gerardo
Published: November 2024

El tamaño de los mamíferos carnívoros en México varía entre los 300 g hasta los 200 kg, es decir son del tamaño promedio de un perro de raza Chihuahua “mini” y cuatro veces más grande que un Calupoh, mejor conocido como perro lobo mexicano.
El dosel y los mamíferos de las alturas
Authors: Flores-Martínez José Juan , Sánchez-Cordero Víctor , Rojas-Sánchez J. Vladimir
Published: November 2024

Calificado comúnmente como una frontera biótica, el dosel representa un ecosistema complejo, y su estudio resulta tan importante como fascinante. ¿Será que un futuro de la investigación en la biología no está en el horizonte, sino en las alturas?
Breves Notas Sobre O Governo Das Sociedades Familiares
Authors: Costa Gonçalves Diogo
Published: November 2024

-

As sociedades familiares são uma realidade sócio-económica incontornável e muito relevante no mercado. Neste breve estudo, procuramos apontar os principais critérios axiológicos que devem presidir aos conflitos societários baseados na assimetria de poder entre as diversas estirpes sucessórias.
Governabilidade neoliberal e as competências e habilidades da BNCC:
Authors: Maria de Carvalho Leal Edilene , Leal dos Santos Esmeraldo
Published: November 2024

O objetivo desse artigo consiste em investigar a relação entre a concepção de governamentalidade neoliberal e de competências e habilidades da BNCC (Base Nacional Comum Curricular). A hipótese é de que o conceito foucaultiano de capital humano pode ser usado para pensar sobre a constituição do estudante das escolas brasileiras como empreendedor de si mesmo. Isso a partir da reformulação da BNCC de 2017 que alterou a orientação pedagógica de conhecimento para competências e habilidades. Por isso, esse estudo de caráter teórico defende que a governamentalidade neoliberal incide sobre a estrutura da escola engendrando subjetividades econômicas, voltadas ao mercado. Essa concepção de educação atrelada ao mercado, por conseguinte, deixa para trás a ideia de formação de seres humanos em suas dimensões éticas, políticas e culturais, que contribui na constituição de cidadãos autônomos e livres, senhores de seus direitos e deveres e cientes de que sua formação pressupõe a relação com outros cidadãos.
Genética no ENEM:
Authors: Guimarães Zanella Diniz Priscilla , Diniz Monteiro de Barros Marcelo , Cremonini Araújo-Jorge Tania
Published: November 2024

O Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM), instituído em 1998, ganhou notoriedade em 2005 como mecanismo de acesso ao Programa Universidade para Todos (ProUni) e consagrou-se a partir de 2009 como aparato de acesso ao Sistema de Seleção Unificado (SISU). O presente trabalho analisa, segundo os eixos cognitivos presentes na matriz de referência, 147 questões de Genética do ENEM aplicadas entre 1998 e 2023, almejando compreender o Exame. Além disso, dá destaque às questões que contém imagens em sua estrutura ou em suas alternativas, uma vez que se percebe uma grande relação entre o ensino de Genética e a utilização da linguagem visual. As imagens foram analisadas e categorizadas. Foi possível perceber, no âmbito da Genética, que a contextualização e a interdisciplinaridade se fazem presentes nas questões e desempenham papéis fundamentais no ensino de Ciências. Além disso, verificou-se a presença de muitas imagens próprias da linguagem científica da área da Genética e afins.
Combatendo a subversão em nome da Pátria, de Deus e da Família:
Authors: Magaldi Ana Maria Bandeira de Mello , Silva Maria de Lourdes
Published: November 2024

A sociedade brasileira vivia um cenário promissor em termos políticos e educacionais no início dos anos 1960, com projetos comprometidos com a educação pública e a construção da vida social em bases democráticas. A ditadura militar interrompe esse processo, com progressivo fechamento político, restrições ao estado democrático e perseguição aos opositores. Entre estes são tomados os jovens e a contracultura e símbolos deste movimento são atacados, como as drogas psicodélicas. Este trabalho busca observar como setores da sociedade, entre os quais uma associação de mulheres católicas e veículos da imprensa carioca, se mobilizam na conformação da juventude brasileira, e no combate à “subversão” identificada à mesma em nome dos valores do novo regime, focalizando ainda ações conduzidas pelo Estado na mesma direção. Dialogando com estudos de Rosa de Olmo, Júlio Delmanto e Antonio Maurício Freitas Brito, entre outros, e operando com o conceito de representação na perspectiva de Roger Chartier, essa pesquisa histórica toma como marcos temporais os anos 1960-70 no Brasil e está baseada em diferentes tipos de fontes, como jornais, arquivos de associações, leis e decretos, relatórios estatísticos e outros. Como resultado, entendemos que a educação é arrolada enquanto aparato institucional para controle e adestramento da juventude.
Trilhando caminhos:
Authors: Morosetti Ferreira Cádia Carolina , Martins Vital Ferraz Viviane , Carneiro Sarturi Rosane
Published: November 2024

Este ensaio está entrelaçado à reflexão originada durante a elaboração do projeto de tese para o doutorado em educação. Ele aborda a democratização do acesso ao ensino superior no Brasil, focalizando nas políticas públicas de expansão e interiorização. Construída a partir da abordagem autobiográfica, entrelaçada à trajetória pessoal (micro-história), em relação ao ensino superior, destacando como a conscientização se torna um ato de libertação frente às amarras do mercado e do neoliberalismo (macro-história). Esse exercício é enriquecido com uma revisão bibliográfica fundamentada no legado de Freire (2011, 2019), entre outros, que se concentra na inconclusão e na busca pelo ser mais, permitindo interpretações renovadas das pedagogias que identificam e criticam os interesses de grupos, classes e nações dominantes, enquanto oferecem esperança por dias melhores por meio de estratégias colaborativas inspiradas nos inéditos-viáveis freirianos. Delineando uma formação humana profissional voltada para a pedagogia como prática de libertação e de reflexão-ação, possibilitando que o indivíduo se constitua como sujeito de sua própria história. Um lugar de luta, de resistência e de formação permanente.
O perfil docente no ensino médio gaúcho:
Authors: Loro Alexandre Paulo , Guimarães Jonny Alex
Published: November 2024

Os Itinerários Formativos são o conjunto de disciplinas, projetos, oficinas, núcleos de estudo, entre outras situações de trabalho, que os estudantes poderão escolher no Ensino Médio. O artigo tem como foco os Itinerários Formativos, especificamente a trilha 14 de aprofundamento curricular de Expressão Corporal. Busca-se compreender como o perfil docente do Ensino Médio gaúcho impacta na atuação profissional na 15ª Coordenadoria Regional de Educação. No percurso metodológico, utilizou-se o método dedutivo, combinando abordagens qualitativas e quantitativas, com pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Enquanto técnica de coleta de dados, empregou-se um questionário semiestruturado. Os documentos Referencial Curricular Gaúcho do Ensino Médio, Caderno de Linguagens e suas Tecnologias e Base Nacional Comum Curricular foram as fontes primárias para mapear as informações pertinentes aos perfis elucidados. Para a análise dos dados, foi utilizado o método de Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin (2011). Os resultados permitem levantar questões relevantes sobre a diversidade de formações e competências dos docentes, tornando-se evidente a necessidade de um investimento mais robusto em capacitação e formação continuada.
Docências curriculantes em atos formacionais:
Authors: Macedo Roberto , Silva Herbert Gomes , Silva Renê
Published: November 2024

O presente artigo, tomando a perspectiva de docência curriculante e a crítica às políticas de currículo e formação antidocência, apresenta argumentos sobre a experiência heurística e formacional do Programa de formação para a (Re)elaboração dos Referenciais Curriculares dos Municípios do Estado da Bahia, vinculado à UNDIME-BA (União dos Dirigentes Municipais de Educação, Secção Bahia). Explicita como nessa experiência coletiva, professoras(es) criaram saberes curriculares a partir do seu trabalho docente, dos seus territórios de identidade e de forma retroalimentada, construíram, propuseram e institucionalizaram saberes curriculares para subsidiar e realizar por suas ações a construção dos referenciais curriculares de seus municípios. Com essa vontade política, autorizando-se, a partir dos estudos e debates sobre a Teoria Etnoconstitutiva de Currículo e a Etnopesquisa-formação (Macedo, 2016, 2021), instituíram saberes curriculares e formativos, assim como produções heurísticas insurgentes, marcadas pelos seus pertencimentos municipais, suas experiências profissionais, lutas por reconhecimento, anseios por participação legítima e por protagonismo laboral.
Panax ginseng: A Promising Ally in Enhancing Non-Shivering Thermogenesis and Mitochondrial Function in Animal Models (A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis)
Authors: Oh Chaehyun , Lee Bogyeong , Kang Sumin , Kim Hayoon , Lee Haneul , Gang Gyoungok , Lee Sang Gil , Go Gwang-woong
Published: November 2024

Obesity is the cause of many diseases, and its severity continues to increase. Promoting non-shivering thermogenesis is attracting attention as a new treatment strategy for obesity. This study summarized the studies that evaluated the effect of Panax ginseng on promoting non-shivering thermogenesis in animal models. A total of 7 studies were included according to the selection criteria, of which five were judged to have a high risk of bias. Indicators of UCP1 mRNA, UCP1 protein, and PGC- 1a were used in the meta-analysis, and the certainty of evidence progressed for each indicator, with UCP1 protein showing the highest certainty of evidence. Meta-analysis was conducted on 5 works of literature with standard indicators. As a result of meta-analysis, UCP1 protein level and PGC-1α mRNA level were significantly increased statistically. In addition, the protein levels of PRDM16 and TFAM increased in several studies (not a meta-analysis). These findings suggest that Panax ginseng could be a potential therapeutic agent for obesity. However, further research is needed to understand its mechanisms and possible side effects fully. Thus, it is concluded that Panax ginseng in animal models can promote non-shivering thermogenesis and improve mitochondria function in animal models, opening up new avenues for research and potential clinical applications.
Where is the Potential for Alternative Food Growth Coming from and How Can It Positively Impact Our Environment?
Authors: Hong Yeon A , Ahn Jungwook , Kim Donghwi
Published: November 2024

The alternative food market has attracted much attention due to concerns about climate change, increasing consumer awareness of value consumption, and the development of the Food-Tech industry. This study aimed to analyze the factors that drive consumers to purchase alternative food products and identify the mechanisms that can induce consumers to continue buying. We surveyed 1,200 consumers and estimated data using a logit model. The results showed that the presence of vegetarians in the household, environmental concerns, a vegetable-oriented diet, and a mixed diet of meat and vegetables were positively associated with purchasing plant-based alternatives. Of particular interest was the non-linear relationship between respondents’ age and their purchasing experience with plant-based options, with the likelihood of purchasing alternatives increasing with age from the mid-50s onward. These findings suggest that in addition to the growing number of consumers who share the environmental value, which leads to increased interest in and purchase of plant-based alternatives, alternative foods are also health-oriented and meet the needs of older consumers, who are becoming an increasingly important segment of the super-aged society, suggesting the potential for continued growth in the alternative food market.
Quality Characteristics and Antioxidant Properties of Coffee Using Dried Fruit Powder
Authors: Kim Si Yoon , Ahn Sun-Choung
Published: November 2024

This study was conducted to present primary data for the development of functional beverages by measuring quality characteristics and antioxidant properties and preparing coffee with dried fruit powder. The pH, water content, and brownness were higher in the control group than in the fruit-added sample group. Total polyphenols were highest in the Prunus Fruit Coffee (PFC) at 2765.43±87.03 mg GAE/L. In terms of DPPH, the fruit addition group (consisting of dried apple, dried cherry, and dried plum) was higher than the control group, and the LFC was the highest at 70.04±2.01%. ABTS showed high antioxidant properties in all sample groups, and LFC showed the highest content at 83.01±1.06%. Caffeine was the highest in the control group, all sample groups showed lower content than the control group, and AFC showed the lowest content at 664.70±16.36. As a result, the fruit-added coffee groups are higher than the control groups in terms of quality characteristics and antioxidant properties, and it is considered that the fruit groups are suitable as functional food materials when developing coffee products.
Enhancing Communication for People with Autism Through the Design of a Context-aware Mobile Application for PECS
Authors: Arbaoui Fatima Ez Zahra El , Hari Kaoutar El , Saidi Rajaa
Published: November 2024

Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties with social skills and communication. Autistic individuals require different types of assistance to cope with these challenges. The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is a commonly used program for teaching nonverbal and symbolic communication skills, particularly for children with limited or no communication abilities. However, despite the development of various technology-based PECS systems, there is a lack of features that can simplify their use by children with autism. In our work, we are developing a design of a personalized and context-aware PECS system. Our system not only presents pictures as content but also adapts and enhances the content using contextual information.
High dynamic range widefield fundus photography with transcranial illumination: a contrast agent-free method for non-mydriatic choroidal imaging
Authors: Rahimi Mojtaba , Rossi Alfa , Son Taeyoon , Adejumo Tobiloba , Dadzie Albert K. , Heiferman Michael J. , Yao Xincheng
Published: November 2024

The choroid, a critical vascular layer beneath the retina, is essential
for maintaining retinal function and monitoring chorioretinal
disorders. Existing imaging methods, such as indocyanine green
angiography (ICGA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT), face
significant limitations, including contrast agent requirements,
restricted field of view (FOV), and high costs, limiting
accessibility. To address these challenges, we developed a
nonmydriatic, contrast agent-free fundus camera utilizing transcranial
near-infrared (NIR) illumination. This system achieves a wide snapshot
FOV of up to 185° eye-angle (130° visual-angle) without
pharmacological pupillary dilation or contrast agents. By montaging
two HDR images, the effective FOV can exceed 220° eye-angle
(160° visual angle). Employing high dynamic range (HDR)
imaging, the device ensures uniform contrast and enhanced choroidal
visualization by correcting illumination inhomogeneity. The system
demonstrated imaging performance comparable to ICGA when tested on
healthy participants and patients with choroidal conditions, offering
improved accessibility and affordability. This innovation holds
promise for advancing the screening, diagnosis, and management of
choroidal disorders, particularly in underserved settings.
High dioptric power micro-lenses fabricated by two-photon polymerization
Authors: Kariman Behjat S. , Nardini Alessandra , Marini Mario , Roldán-Varona Pablo , Conci Claudio , Raimondi Manuela T. , Osellame Roberto , Cerullo Giulio , Chirico Giuseppe , Vázquez Rebeca Martínez
Published: November 2024

Specimen-induced aberrations limit the penetration depth of standard optical imaging techniques in vivo, mainly due to the propagation of high NA beams in a non-homogenous medium. Overcoming these limitations requires complex optical imaging systems and techniques. Implantable high NA micro-optics can be a solution to tissue induced spherical aberrations, but in order to be implanted, they need to have reduced complexity, offering a lower surface to the host immune reaction. Here, we design, fabricate, and test a single micro-optical element with high dioptric power and high NA (up to 1.25 in water). The sag function is inspired by the classical metalens phase and improved to reduce the spherical aberrations arising from the refractive origin of the phase delay at the lens periphery. We successfully fabricated these high-NA quasi-parabolic aspheric microlenses with varying focal lengths by two-photon polymerization in biocompatible photoresist SZ2080. The entire process is optimized to minimize fabrication time while maintaining the structures’ robustness: the smoothness reaches optical (λ20) quality. The dioptric power and magnification of the microlenses were quantified over a 200 × 200 µm aberration-free field of view. Our results indicate that these microlenses can be used for wide-field imaging under linear excitation and have the optical quality to be utilized for nonlinear excitation imaging. Moreover, being made of biocompatible photoresist, they can be implanted close to the observation volume and help to reduce the spherical aberration of laser beams penetrating living tissues.
Inverse design of narrowband thermal emitter with tandem films structures using simulated annealing algorithm
Authors: Pan Haonan , Ou Chunhui , Yang Shuai , Wang Jian , Luo Yi
Published: November 2024

An inverse design method of narrow-band thermal emitter with a tandem films structures is proposed here, which is accomplished by the simulated annealing algorithm. Using this method, two kinds of structures are designed, which peak absorption rate is 0.8261 at 5.34 μm with a Q-factor of 175, and 0.8931 at 3.56 μm with a Q-factor of 132. The electric field distribution within the structure is analyzed using the finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD), and behavior similar to a Tamm plasmon state. The simulation and experiment of the inverse design method shows good agreement. Such inverse design method is very promising in mid-infrared simulator and detection.
Optical generation and continuous transformation of plasmonic skyrmions
Authors: Shen Zhe , Lu Sen , Xiong Xiong
Published: November 2024

Topological quasiparticles, including skyrmions and merons, are topological textures with sophisticated vectorial structures that can be used for high-density information storage, precision metrology, position sensing, etc. Here, we realized the optical generation and continuous transformation of plasmonic field skyrmions. We generated the isolated Néel-type skyrmion using surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) excited by a focused structured light on a silver film. We used a square and a hexagonal aperture for symmetry constraints and successfully generated the meron lattice and the skyrmion lattice. We unveiled the mechanism of topological texture generation and transformation and optimized the distribution of skyrmion and meron topologies. We further demonstrated the continuous transformation among the isolated skyrmion, the meron lattice, and the skyrmion lattice using well-designed circular-fourfold, circular-sixfold, and fourfold-sixfold symmetry apertures, respectively. This work can open up a pathway for the generation and transformation of skyrmion and meron topologies, which is expected to facilitate new applications in optical information storage and encoding.