bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sexualidad y conocimiento: La filosofía enferma del Marqués de Sade
Authors: González de Pablo Angel
Published: October 2020

Se pretende analizar, en primer lugar, la forma en la que Sade se constituye en una culminación del pensamiento ilustrado y, al mismo tiempo, en un claro exponente de sus carencias e ingenuidades; y, en segundo lugar, profundizar el modo en que la sexualidad se configura en su obra como una vía de conocimiento o, lo que es lo mismo, penetrar en los vericuetos de la filosofía enferma de Sade.
El concepto de "Perversion" sexual en la medicina positivista
Authors: Huertas García-Alejo Rafael
Published: October 2020

Se estudia la aparición del concepto de perversión sexual en la psiquiatría y en la medicina legal de la Francia de la segunda mitad del siglo xix, a través, fundamentalmente, de las obras de Valentín Maguan y de Ambroise Tardieu. Se hace hincapié en las relaciones entre el discurso «científico» y el discurso «moral» de la época y se apuntan las aportaciones más notables de una medicina positivista y pre-freudiana que asumió plenamente el biologismo somaticista y las necesidades de control social.
El concepto de perversión en la psiquiatría dinámica
Authors: Balbo Eduardo A.
Published: October 2020

Los trabajos de Richard von Krafft-Ebing Psychopatologia Sexualis (1983) y el de Henry Havelock Ellis Studies in psychology of sex (1897), representan una síntesis general de lo producido a partir de mediados del XIX en el terreno de las alteraciones de la sexualidad. Es la obra de Sigmund Freud el punto de ruptura con los antiguos conceptos que fueron desarrollados por el positivismo. El psicoanálisis, al introducir nuevos conceptos como, el de «objeto (Object) sexual» y el de «fin (Ziel) sexual» y manifestar que las perversiones quedan ligadas al desarrollo que siga, en su evolución, la sexualidad infantil, posibilitó la aparición de una nueva nosografía que desde 1905 inspira todos los escritos sobre el tema.
Sexualidad y orden social: La visión médica en la España del primer tercio del siglo XIX
Authors: Martínez José
Published: October 2020

Las décadas finales del siglo xviii y los primeros años del XIX representan una de las etapas de mayor significado para las relaciones entre Medicina y Política. Los médicos tomaron conciencia explícita de que sus saberes eran de gran utilidad para el mantenimiento del buen orden de un Estado, y comenzaron a expresar sus deseos de participar en las tareas legislativas. El presente artículo intenta mostrar cómo los médicos españoles no se mantuvieron al margen de estas ideas. Las obras de dos de ellos —Ramón López Mateos y Francisco Fabra— representan un intento de proporcionar a los juristas las bases para elaborar un código legislativo basado en el conocimiento que la Medicina de la época era capaz de suministrar acerca del hombre. Entre toda la serie de recomendaciones que allí suministran sobre lo que debería permitirse y prohibirse para el buen funcionamiento de una comunidad, no podían faltar las cuestiones relacionadas con el papel de ambos sexos dentro de la sociedad y con la vida sexual de los individuos. Por ello, la obra de estos autores puede ser vista como una contribución a la difusión del modelo de sexualidad que la cada vez más poderosa burguesía que estos médicos representan intentaba establecer.
Medicina y moral sexual en la España de preguerra
Authors: Alvarez Peláez Raquel
Published: October 2020

La moral sexual, con todas sus implicaciones de control social y personal, su carga ideológica y su búsqueda de apoyos científicos como respaldo y justificación del establecimiento de normas morales, fue un elemento muy importante en el desarrollo de las luchas sociales y políticas de la España del primer tercio de este siglo. La medicina, de enorme importancia en una sociedad muy medicalizada por la situación sanitaria real y por una moral «patologizante», con su ambigua posición entre la ciencia y la beneficencia, jugó un importante papel en las luchas por establecer una nueva moral acorde con las transformaciones sociales que se buscaban.
Geomorfositios de interés volcano turístico en una montaña subtropical: el Parque Nacional del Teide (Canarias, España)
Authors: Dóniz Páez Javier , Becerra Ramírez Rafael
Published: October 2020

El Parque Nacional del Teide (PNT) en Tenerife recibe más de tres millones de visitantes al año atraídos por la diversidad paisajística de una alta montaña subtropical que es Patrimonio de la Humanidad de la Unesco. El objetivo del trabajo es seleccionar y evaluar geomorfositios con interés volcano turístico que diversifiquen la oferta dentro del PNT y en la isla. La metodología empleada se basa en identificar y seleccionar los sitios más representativos, mejor conservados y más accesibles y evaluar sus valores científicos, añadidos y de uso y gestión. Los diez geomorfositios seleccionados son los que mejor representan la diversidad del patrimonio natural y cultural del PNT y están acordes con la aproximación geográfica del geoturismo, acogiendo casi la totalidad de los atractivos del volcano turismo. En líneas generales los valores científicos (0,62) de todos los geomorfositios estudiados están por encima de los añadidos (0,44), lo que parece estar acorde con la protección y conservación de este sitio como parque nacional.
Regards philosophiques sur la question de la démarcation entre science et non-science aujourd’hui
Authors: Ruphy Stéphanie
Published: October 2020

Les enjeux de la question de la démarcation entre science et non-science se trouvent profondément renouvelés dans nos sociétés contemporaines qui placent les sciences et l’innovation technologique au cœur de leur développement. Quelles ressources offre aujourd’hui la philosophie des sciences pour penser cette démarcation et proposer des critères de démarcation opérationnels ? Sans souci d’exhaustivité, cet article présente quelques-unes des principales propositions philosophiques récentes en la matière, qui ont en commun de prendre acte à la fois de l’insuffisance des critères épistémologiques classiques proposés au XXe siècle et de l’abandon d’une vision unitaire des sciences qui allait de pair avec ces critères.
Les sciences historiques : un impensé épistémologique dans l’enseignement de l’évolution
Authors: Paulin Fabienne , Charlat Sylvain , Triquet Éric
Published: October 2020

Les programmes scolaires actuels s'ouvrent aux aspects épistémologiques des sciences du vivant et des sciences de la Terre, qui ont comme pilier central le thème de l'évolution. Nous proposons ainsi dans cet article de rechercher comment les spécificités épistémologiques des sciences de l'évolution – lesquelles sont en tension entre les sciences fonctionnalistes et historiques – sont prises en compte dans les textes officiels de l'enseignement des sciences de la vie et de la Terre (SVT) au secondaire. Nous utilisons pour cette analyse les critères de différenciation de ces deux sciences pour caractériser les objets et les types de démarches scientifiques prescrites par l'institution scolaire et la place relative accordée à chacune dans l'enseignement des SVT. Nos résultats montrent une prédominance des démarches héritées des sciences fonctionnalistes et une quasi-absence des démarches historiques, alors que les aspects historiques de l'évolution sont bien inscrits dans les programmes. Nous proposons que ce déséquilibre épistémologique, conséquence d'une forme d’impensé des sciences historiques, pourrait expliquer certaines des difficultés récurrentes de l'enseignement de l'évolution, documentées dans de nombreux travaux sur cet enseignement.
Enseigner l'évolution et la nature des sciences face aux contestations d'élèves : essai de modélisation des postures enseignantes
Authors: Urgelli Benoit , Guelladress Kenza , Quentin Anne
Published: October 2020

L'enseignement de l'évolution est une question socialement vive : elle peut générer des contestations d'élèves en classe de sciences à propos des origines de l’Homme, et questionne la place des croyances à l'école laïque. Durant l'année 2016, nous avons conduit une enquête exploratoire par questionnaire en ligne auprès de 53 enseignants de sciences. Par analyse catégorielle, nous avons modélisé la diversité des postures enseignantes lorsque les élèves expriment des confusions et des amalgames entre savoirs savants et croyances religieuses. Si la majorité des enseignants questionnés déclarent que cette situation est peu fréquente, une partie de ceux qui la rencontrent explicite aux élèves la nature des sciences par rapport à celle des religions (posture de compréhension), ce qui les conduit parfois à réfuter le discours religieux par la critique rationaliste (posture de réfutation). D’autres déclarent qu’exposer les publics scolaires à des savoirs et des démarches scientifiques suffit à mettre « automatiquement » à distance les croyances des élèves (posture d’évitement). Nous analyserons la complexité de ces postures, leurs fondements hypothétiques et leurs limites éducatives. L’idée communément admise selon laquelle enseigner la nature des sciences à l’occasion de l’enseignement de l’évolution permettrait de diminuer la vivacité de la question sera également discutée.
Le dialogue socratique : un genre de référence de pratiques orales philosophiques à l’école primaire ?
Authors: Berton Bettina
Published: October 2020

Des pratiques de discussion dite philosophique se développent à l’école primaire depuis une quinzaine d’années en France. Or plusieurs recommandations de ces pratiques se réfèrent au genre du discours du dialogue socratique, renouant là avec une ancienne référence, que l’on trouve dans plusieurs articles du dictionnaire de Ferdinand Buisson (1878-1887) ; leurs auteurs condamnent ce genre en général, mais le convoquent, à titre de référence, à propos de l’introduction d’un enseignement de la philosophie dans le primaire supérieur. L’analyse didactique de ces deux moments historiques où le dialogue socratique est conçu comme référence, fait apparaître la fragilité théorique de la construction de cette référence, dont le moindre n’est pas le déni de la transposition didactique.
La demande d’aide chez des élèves du second degré avec déficience visuelle : quelles spécificités ?
Authors: Puustinen Minna , Arneton Mélissa , Lewi-Dumont Nathalie
Published: October 2020

Cet article s’intéresse à la notion d’aide qui se trouve à la croisée de la progression des élèves et de leurs conditions de scolarité. Il fait suite aux travaux relatifs aux adaptations proposées par le milieu scolaire pour rendre les apprentissages accessibles à tous les élèves. Étudier les stratégies interactives d’acquisition de connaissances mises en place par l’élève permet de mieux comprendre comment il se saisit des aides didactiques, humaines ou techniques qui lui sont proposées. Notre objectif est d’explorer les spécificités de la demande d’aide en mathématiques d’élèves avec déficience visuelle selon qu’ils soient aveugles ou malvoyants. Un questionnaire de vingt-cinq items a été créé et adressé à des collégiens et lycéens concernant leurs comportements de demande d’aide en mathématiques en classe (durant les enseignements disciplinaires) et en dehors de l’école (révisions, devoirs à la maison). Il nous a permis de décrire le comportement déclaré de demande d’aide de quatre élèves aveugles et de douze élèves malvoyants. Ces résultats sont mis en perspective avec ceux d’élèves voyants étudiés plus fréquemment dans la littérature.
A Theoretical Framework and Model of ICT Adoption and Inclusion in Developing Countries
Authors: Etim Alice S.
Published: October 2020

Information and communication technology (ICT) adoption is cardinal to the sustainability of all societies, and it is the engine that can transform developing countries. This first chapter for the book uses the theories of poverty, human needs, and information poverty as the lenses to examine the framework for ICT adoption and inclusion. A world pyramid of needs that embodies information needs is developed. Information poverty is discussed along with the case of Coronavirus (COVID-19), the global pandemic that brought to a halt many communities in 2020. A mobile phone technology adoption model (MOPTAM) is presented as the framework to understanding ICT adoption and inclusion in developing countries.
Information Technology/Information Systems Adoption in Developing and Transitioning Economies
Authors: Etim Ernest
Published: October 2020

This chapter presents a descriptive and critical overview of IT/IS adoption theories/models in developed economies. The theories examined include task technology fit (TTF), technology readiness index (TRI), technology acceptance model (TAM and TAM2), self-efficacy theory (SET), and unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) together with their appropriateness to developed countries/economies. Furthermore, an extensive look at limitations of both TAM and UTAUT (widely utilized) models as applicable to digital/mobile technologies is emphasized. The critical analysis provided thus far did reveal that none of these (IT/IS) models/theories individually are powerful enough to appropriately assess all the complex constructs embedded in the study of mobile technology adoption in developing countries. The contextual nature of individual differences in developing countries together with all cultural and country indicators (ICT infrastructure, internet penetration) would have to be integrated into any developed theory for meaningful analysis to be achieved.
Towards Career Development for High School Students
Authors: Asabere Nana Yaw , Acakpovi Amevi , Yeboah-Boateng Ezer Osei , Torgby Wisdom Kwawu , Amoako Eric
Published: October 2020

Globally, choosing the right tertiary programme for university (higher) education is quite a difficult task for students. A wide range of programmes are offered by the individual universities which differ in terms of delivery modes and entry requirements. Technology inclusion in the 21st century has paved the way for the proliferation of electronic/computing systems such as electronic counseling (e-counseling) and electronic learning (e-learning). By employing a quantitative research instrument (questionnaire) to ascertain technology acceptance of Senior High School (SHS) in Ghana, this chapter proposes a web-based (e-counseling) expert system which will match students' backgrounds with the right tertiary programme towards career development. Evaluation of our proposed approach suggests that majority of the selected students (80%) out of 100 who used the system accepted and embraced it. Such a system will therefore solve and improve career guidance, counseling, and development problems of SHS students in Ghana.
Challenges and Opportunities of Information Management in Disaster Preparedness
Authors: Ona Sherwin E. , Lallana Emmanuel C.
Published: October 2020

The need to improve local disaster risk reduction (DRR) capacities in the Philippines is crucial in mitigating and responding to future disaster events. Despite being one the most disaster-prone countries in the world, national protocols remain inefficient, marred by corruption and poor inter-agency coordination. In addition, the current top-down and reactive practices have proven to be inadequate in responding to the needs of various stakeholders. The chapter examined these disaster preparation practices through a qualitative-descriptive research design and by using disaster information management (DIM) as the framework. In particular, the authors focused on the disaster preparedness practices of selected parishes of the Diocese of Legazpi and their partner organizations. The study also examined their information management practices and the current information and communications technology (ICT) tools in disaster preparedness.
Web 2.0 Technology in Libraries
Authors: Dongardive Prakash Bhagwan
Published: October 2020

Progress in information communication technology (ICT) has become the backbone for every branch of knowledge in academic arena and library, and information centers are not apart from it. Social networking is playing a significant role in serving to the library users. The chapter examines libraries and their importance in accepting the Web 2.0 phenomenon of social networking sites like Facebook Twitter, YouTube, and a number of social networking tools to enable libraries to engage with students in the virtual environment to promote library event and services, teaching and learning, and humanizing the concept of library and librarians. This chapter also focuses on the importance of social networking sites, which improve the professional relationships within the library profession and across the boundaries of particular national library education systems across the world, which is increasingly sharing information that ensures libraries are the head of changes in demands and needs of their users.
Emotional Intelligence in Engineering Management Education
Authors: Antoniadou Marilena , Crowder Mark , Andreakos George
Published: October 2020

This chapter aims to increase understanding of how engineering students can benefit from integrating emotional intelligence (EI) into engineering curricula at universities. In particular, it explores the nature of EI and argues for the greater use of EI within engineering education, but also considers the challenges of placing an emphasis on EI within this field. The chapter makes recommendations for how EI skills can be incorporated into engineering education and how universities can seize the opportunity to shape the modern engineer and advance the standing of engineering in the future. The chapter's contribution lies in raising awareness not just about the benefits of integrating EI within engineering education, but also on the challenges that an empathetic behaviour entail. The authors argue that university education needs to be able to prepare graduates with engineering fundamentals and also for success and actual on-the-job EI skills.
Security Perspective of Cloud and Internet of Things With 5G Networks
Authors: Faujdar Neetu
Published: October 2020

Pervasive computing has been greatly supported by the internet of things. The use of internet of things has created the environment that helps in the management of the different modules that are the part of the complete system, which can work effectively without the interference with the other components of the system. The cloud environment with the internet of things can help in getting the greater extend of data sharing. Little attention has been provided to the security of the various stakeholders that are the part of the system. IoT cloud integration involved privacy, security, and personal safety risk of the stakeholders. Not only are these types of security attacks possible, but there is also the possibility of attack on the IoT components like hardware manipulation to disrupt the services. As we are on the network, all the communication attacks of network are also possible. This chapter will cover common aspects of regarding the cloud and internet of things (IOT) with 5G networks.
Role Coordination in Large-Scale and Highly-Dense Internet of Things
Authors: Khatter Harsh , Singh Prabhat
Published: October 2020

Huge-scale highly-dense networks integrate with different application spaces of internet of things for precise occasion discovery and monitoring. Because of the high thickness and colossal scope, the hubs in these systems must play out some basic correspondence jobs, in particular detecting, handing-off, information combination, and information control (collection and replication). Since the vitality utilization and the unwavering correspondence quality is one of the significant difficulties in large-scale highly-dense networks, the correspondence jobs ought to be facilitated so as to efficiently utilize the vitality assets and to meet a palatable degree of correspondence dependability. Right now, the authors propose an on-request and completely dispersed system for job coordination that is intended to distinguish occasions with different levels of basicity, adjusting the information total and information replication as per the desperation level of the recognized event.
Crop Disease Detection Using Data Science Techniques
Authors: Kumar Shakti
Published: October 2020

Plant disease is a mutilation of the normal state of a plant that changes its essential quality and prevents a plant from performing to its actual potential. Due to drastic environment changes, plant diseases are growing day by day, which results the higher losses in quantity of agricultural yields. To prevent the loss in the crop yield, the timely disease identification is necessary. Monitoring the plant diseases without any digital mean makes it difficult to identify the disease correctly and timely. It requires more amounts of work, time, and great experience in the plant diseases. Automatic approach of image processing and applying the different data science techniques to classify the disease correctly is a good idea for this which includes acquisition, classification, feature extraction, pre-processing, and segmentation all are performed on the leaf images. This chapter will briefly discuss the data science techniques used for the classification of the images like SVM, k-nearest neighbor, decision tree, ANN, and convolutional neural network (CNN).
Improvement and Reduction of Clustering Overhead in Mobile Ad Hoc Network With Optimum Stable Bunching Algorithm
Authors: Bhardwaj Manish , Shukla Neha , Sharma Arti
Published: October 2020

In MANET, every hub is fit for sending message (information) progressively without prerequisite of any fixed framework. Portable hubs oftentimes move in/out from the system powerfully, making arrange topology unsteady in portable specially appointed system (MANET). Therefore, it turns into an incredibly moving errand to keep up stable system. In this chapter, the authors have proposed an upgraded stable bunching calculation that will give greater soundness to the system by limiting the group head changes furthermore, diminishing grouping overhead. In proposed optimum stable bunching calculation (OSBC), another hub is presented which goes about as a reinforcement hub in the bunch. Such reinforcement hub goes about as group head, when real bunch head moves out (or passed on) from the bunch. Last mentioned, the group head reelect another reinforcement hub. This training keeps arrange accessibility without aggravation. Further, the need of group head and reinforcement hub is determined dependent on the hub degree and the rest of the battery life for portable hubs.
The Role of Dynamic Network Slicing in 5G
Authors: Kumar Kaushal , Singh Ajit Kumar , Kumar Sunil , Sharma Pankaj , Sharna Jaya
Published: October 2020

Energy and speed are very important parts in this fast-growing world. They also play a crucial role in economy and operational considerations of a country, and by environmental concerns, energy efficiency has now become a key pillar in the design of communication networks. With the help of several of base station and millions of networking devices in the fifth generation of wireless communications, the need of energy efficient devices and operation will more effective. This chapter focused on following areas to enhance efficiency, which incorporate EE improvement utilizing radio access techniques like synchronously remote endurance and force move. In this research paper, the authors have searched various methods or techniques that are working with 5G wireless networks and got techniques that can address to increase speed with the help of 5G wireless network. It discusses energy-efficiency techniques that can be useful to boost user experience on 5G wireless network and also discusses the problems that can arrive in and addressed in future.
“I Can't Stop Singing”
Authors: Sullivan Pamela M.
Published: October 2020

There is a long history of research on theater and performance supporting literacy skills, especially fluency and comprehension. Most of this work is based on drama and plays and has been adapted to the classroom level in the form of Reader's Theater. Musicals, however, with their combination of acting, dancing, and singing, offer unique benefits to struggling literacy learners. This chapter will make the argument that modern musicals, particularly those rooted in popular culture and oriented toward children, allow for growth possibilities in all components of literacy.
Interculturally Relevant Pedagogy
Authors: R'boul Hamza
Published: October 2020

Although culturally responsive pedagogy has been geared towards students' cultures, interests, and needs, it does not meaningfully consider intercultural communication dynamics that are always existing in almost all classrooms, especially highly multicultural ones. This assumption is problematized by the current academic discussion on individuals' tendency to oscillate between different identities/cultures and the significance of intersubjectivity in the epistemological complexity of interculturality. This chapter makes a case for interculturally relevant pedagogy as an educational approach that recognizes the importance of considering students' cultures while emphasizing intercultural communication in K-12 classrooms procedures with the aim of simultaneously attaining social justice and scholastic achievement. It argues for the plausible need of integrating popular culture in order to present sociopolitical realities and accordingly enable students, along with teachers' guidance, to critically question the current power imbalances and the cultural hegemony of dominant group.
Sparking Engagement
Authors: Childs Kamshia
Published: October 2020

The integration of social media, digital literacy, and its elements into the literacy classroom environment is a pairing that is necessary to keep students engaged in order to see the relevance of the skills in which they are learning. Students spend hours taking in popular culture and communicating their perspectives and ideas with the world while taking part in social media, but fail to see that they are learning and using similar skills when they are in the classroom. This chapter will demonstrate how educators can engage students with the skills they develop outside of the classroom, and apply those skills in lessons, tasks, and the classroom environment.
Using Sports to Motivate Math Learners
Authors: Kautz Natalie Lynn , Kowalsky Michelle A.
Published: October 2020

Motivating 21st century mathematics learners is becoming increasingly difficult. Most students will no longer sit still and learn using the methods that were utilized in classrooms 100 years ago. Today, many teachers struggle to find ways to excite their students while teaching them mathematics. This chapter will present ideas for mathematics learning using sports, a particular area of interest for students of all ages. The rich variety of numbers generated by all types of sports, as well as connections to popular culture extensions, naturally provides opportunities for exploration in numerical literacy. Using real sports data, students can perform operations and calculations, do statistical analyses, and create charts or graphs to enhance their learning of both basic and advanced operations. Nearly every concept taught in a K-12 mathematics curriculum can be adapted to include sports information.
Five Global Purpose-Driven Business Platforms
Authors: Largacha-Martinez Carlos
Published: October 2020

Throughout the whole chapter, the patterns have been emerging by themselves. It is the reading of the characteristics of the five global platforms that gives the reader an idea of the patterns. And this is stated since the platforms have a path, an idea, but they don't want to limit of propose an ‘only' way to do alternative management, so a purpose-driven business is achieved. Here is where the beauty of these approaches reside. In their humbleness of deeply believing in a new form of management, but at the same time knowing that their ideas are ‘just' a proposal. That is why the authors wrote this chapter, so people can start thinking more about purpose-driven companies as the new ‘mantra' for management. The old one, ‘command and control' must disappear ASAP, so we can create a new type of businesses that can help solve the worst challenges we are facing as a global society.
Contribution of Millennials in the Development of Companies With Global Purposes
Authors: Ospina Javier
Published: October 2020

This chapter is a contribution for each and every person interested in understanding the leading level of a generation that is at a strategic time to face the responsibility of assuming the leadership of the companies, whatever the size of them, that face a revision of paradigms facing their permanence in a context that goes through social, political, economic, and environmental movements of great importance in the framework of the global purposes. It explores the contribution of millennials in the development of companies.
Leadership and Competitiveness
Authors: Ospina&Bermeo Javier
Published: October 2020

This chapter establishes a successful link between two concepts that in the business world have always been of intellectual fascination and that, seeing them hand in hand generating outstanding results when they are combined in practice, will be much more attractive. These are leadership and competitiveness. This relationship has a clear intention that all readers, businessmen, managers, academics, both in the public and private sectors, find a document appropriate that allows them to apply a well-intentioned formula to guide companies with global purposes, capable of transcending towards new models, conducting business with renewed sense, in accordance with the demands of the new paradigms that bring the inter-global winds. For this, in the first instance, each of these concepts will be treated individually, seeking to find for each one of them, the essence, the variants, the impacts, and the consequences of the business application.
International Human Resource Management Strategies for Multicultural Organizations
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: October 2020

The increasingly global nature of construction has highlighted the importance of multiculturalism and the new challenges it brings to execution especially in the light of the dependency on international human resources for expertise and delivery of construction projects in a cost-effective and timely manner. Adopting an analytical approach, this chapter attempts to review international HRM strategies and outlook for multicultural organizations of the construction sector in the Zimbabwean context and also provides some deeper insights on the gaps and inadequacies and recommends possible ways of bridging the identified gaps in practice. In the process, the chapter also examines the cultural factors that influence communication and how communication can be made effective in multicultural environments. But the core of the chapter is to explore international human resource management strategies for multicultural organizations.
Innovation and Sustainability Management as a Key Factor in Global Purpose-Driven Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Bogotanas Companies
Authors: Perez-Uribe Rafael Ignacio , Ocampo-Guzman David , Moscoso-Duran Fabio , Ramirez-Salazar Maria Pilar
Published: October 2020

This work aims to present the results of the application of the RISE model (innovation and business sustainability route) in 25 global purpose-driven micro, small, and medium-sized Bogotanas companies, beneficiaries of the Innova District project and its impact on the net margin. The working hypothesis is the management of innovation and sustainability has some impact on the net margin of the global purpose-driven micro, small, and medium-sized Bogotanas enterprises. It is a preliminary analysis, the findings and conclusions that were made based on the description of results and development of polynomial regressions only generated conclusive elements for the population of companies analyzed and the characteristics of the research proposed. However, the proposed hypothesis was verified for a group of companies, while, for a second group, the correlation between innovation and sustainability and the net margin was relatively low or almost nil.
Creating Shared Value From the Analysis of the Effect of Corruption and Crime on MSMEs in Bogota
Authors: Ramírez-Garzón María Teresa , Muñoz-Maya Carlos Mario , Díaz-Villamizar Olga Lucía , Barrera-Valbuena Freddy Alexander
Published: October 2020

Organizations must strive to increase competitiveness and to improve the economic and social conditions of the environment in which they work, thus creating shared value. Corruption and crime limit social development, government effectiveness, and the conditions in which private companies operate. For this reason, based on the shared value theory, the purpose of this research is to make a co-relation analysis between what micro and small enterprises (MSEs) think of the increase in sales and the risk of closing their business, with respect to corruption and crime. The study was made to a sample by convenience of 484 MSEs in the southern area of Bogotá, which work in different industrial and service activities, using a validated questionnaire of 99 items that ask about corruption and crime.
Self-Efficacy as a Predictor of SMEs With Growth Potential
Authors: Parra Bernal Leon Dario , Argote Cusi Milenka Linneth
Published: October 2020

Some researches associate the permanence of the growth potential companies in the market with the characteristics of entrepreneurs, or what has been called self-efficacy, rather than with factors inherent in the productive structure of companies or to the context in which they develop. For this approach, the explicatory variables that could answer the research question are more related to the competences of the entrepreneur or business-owner, his previous work and professional experience in the economic sector of his firm, and even his level of schooling. For Lazaer, the characteristics associated with the entrepreneur's human capital, such as his educational and professional level, explain a good part of the probability for his company to be considered as dynamic. This chapter explores self-efficacy as a predictor of SMEs with growth potential.
Role of Biotechnology in Plant Preservation for Food Security
Authors: El-Ashry Amal A. , Gabr Ahmed M. M. , El Bahr Mohamed K.
Published: October 2020

Overpopulation and the consequences of urbanization and reduction of agricultural lands represent the most important challenges that face scientists nowadays. In addition, extinction of specific species or reduction in their number occurs continuously in different places of the world at a rapid rate. These challenges urge scientists to use the biotechnological techniques to secure food and to alleviate the risk of loss of the genetic variability of cultivated plants as a result of environmental changes and human practices. These techniques are based on preservation of the genetic materials for long periods. Plants can be stored either in vivo or in vitro. The plant preservation includes in situ and ex situ. One form of the ex situ plant preservation is the in vitro plant preservation. There are different in vitro preservation techniques. However, the two main approaches of in vitro preservation of plants germplasm are slowing the growth and crysoperservation. The former technique could be achieved through either modifying the culture medium or reducing temperature and/or light intensity. The latter is taking place through storing the species between -79 and -196°C, the temperature of liquid nitrogen. Each approach includes several techniques that will be thoroughly discussed with examples in this chapter.
Geographic Information System and Big Spatial Data
Authors: Usmani Raja Sher Afgun , Hashem Ibrahim Abaker Targio , Pillai Thulasyammal Ramiah , Saeed Anum , Abdullahi Akibu Mahmoud
Published: October 2020

Geographic information system (GIS) is designed to generate maps, manage spatial datasets, perform sophisticated “what if” spatial analyses, visualize multiple spatial datasets simultaneously, and solve location-based queries. The impact of big data is in every industry, including the GIS. The location-based big data also known as big spatial data has significant implications as it forces the industry to contemplate how to acquire and leverage spatial information. In this study, a comprehensive taxonomy is created to provide a better understanding of the uses of GIS and big spatial data. The taxonomy is made up of big data technologies, GIS data sources, tools, analytics, and applications. The authors look into the importance of big spatial data and its implications, review the data sources, and GIS analytics, applications, and GIS tools. Furthermore, in order to guide researchers interested in GIS, the challenges that require substantial research efforts are taken into account. Lastly, open issues in GIS that require further observation are summarized.
Uplink Power-Domain Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA)
Authors: Al Rabee Faeik T. , Gitlin Richard D.
Published: October 2020

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been proposed as a promising multiple access (MA) technique in order to meet the requirements for fifth generation (5G) communications and to enhance the performance in internet of things (IoT) networks by enabling massive connectivity, high throughput, and low latency. This paper investigates the bit error rate (BER) performance of two-user uplink power-domain NOMA with a successive interference cancellation (SIC) receiver and taking into account channel estimation errors. The analysis considers two scenarios: perfect (ideal) channel estimation and a channel with estimation errors for various modulations schemes, BPSK, QPSK, and 16-QAM. The simulation results show that, as expected, increasing of the modulation level increases the SIC receiver BER. For example, at a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 5 dB for perfect channel estimation and QPSK modulation, the user that is detected first has a BER of 0.005 compared to 0.14 for the user that is detected with the aid of the SIC receiver. Similarly, the BER of QPSK, assuming 0.25 channel estimation error of user 1, is equal to 0.06 at SNR = 15 dB compared to 0.017 for perfect estimation.
Role of Shopping App Attributes in Creating Urges for Impulse Buying
Authors: Gupta Priyanka , Prashar Sanjeev , Parsad Chandan , Vijay T. Sai
Published: October 2020

With high speed internet, the retailers are continually engaged in upgrading mobile apps that facilitate shoppers in shopping anywhere-anytime and arousing their sudden urges to buy impulsively. The present study endeavors to decipher the antecedents of mobile app-based impulsive buying behavior and determining their relative significance in triggering impulsive urges. Using structural equation modeling, causal analysis was undertaken to identify the role of effort expectancy, price and discounts, atmosphere and layout of app, and user experience and satisfaction in creating impulsive buying intentions. It was observed that price and discounts and user experience didn't have any influence in stirring the consumer for impulsive buying. To determine the relative significance of remaining four, artificial neural network modeling was undertaken. Effort expectancy was noted to have highest influence in creating impulsive urges, followed by atmosphere and layout of an app. User satisfaction had minimum impact. The paper concludes with practical implications for m-commerce players.
Chapter 11: The approach to achieving glycaemic control
Authors: Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa The Society for Endocrinology
Published: October 2020

Type 2 diabetes is a heterogeneous disease, with the underlying mechanism ranging from predominantly insulin resistance with relative insulin deficiency, to predominantly an insulin secretory defect with lesser degrees of insulin resistance. The relative contribution of each abnormality varies between individuals, as well as within the same individual at different stages of the disease. People with type 2 diabetes are heterogeneous; diabetes is prevalent across all socio-economic strata, ethnic groups, age groups and weight categories, in individuals with highly variable nutrient intakes and levels of physical activity.1 In addition to phenotypic heterogeneity, there is genetic variability which may play a role in susceptibility, both to the disease itself or its complications.2 The response to treatment is heterogeneous; we see diversity in responses to the same treatments even in patients with near-identical phenotypes. It seems intuitive then, that a single uniform approach to management of such a heterogeneous disorder is unlikely to be successful. The optimal pharmacological approach to glucose control for any individual patient varies, which is why many international guidelines have endorsed individualised management, with no restriction on the choice of glucose lowering drug after initial metformin therapy.3–7 The concept of patient-centred care incorporates patients as partners in their healthcare. In practice, this means providing care that is “respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences, needs and values, and ensures that patient values guide all clinical decisions”.3 These guidelines also have a broad target audience that includes health care professionals at all levels of expertise.
Carbohydrate-derived fulvic acid wellness drink: its tolerability, safety and effect on disease markers in pre-ART HIV-1 positive subjects
Authors: Botes M. E. , Gilada I. S. , Snyman J. R. , Labuschagne J. P.L.
Published: October 2020

Background: Many people take wellness drinks on a daily basis to enhance physical and emotional well-being. The safety and/or efficacy of these are not always known or even established in the populations likely to consume these. The safety, tolerability and clinical impact of CHD-FA in a formulated wellness drink (F0210) (a pure and novel fulvic acid) were researched in a pre-ART HIV-1 positive population in India an area where patients are known to use organic acids such as fulvic acids (Shilajit) for health enhancement.Methods: This double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study recruited 332 patients (n = 166 on active; n = 166 on placebo). The study outcomes recorded safety and tolerability data, as well as the time to ART and/or the time to a decrease in CD4 count of 100 cells/mm3 for subjects in each treatment group. Change in immune status is an important clinical endpoint. The secondary outcomes were CD4 count, HIV-1 viral load changes and quality of life (the latter as a further proxy for tolerability).Results: The only notable side effect of the active medication was gastrointestinal intolerance such as diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting, which were more frequently experienced compared with placebo. The study was terminated before full recruitment due to regulatory changes in India and at the time of study termination there were too few clinical study endpoints reached to demonstrate any clinical difference between active and placebo treatments (no difference in hazard of experiencing an event (reaching indication for ART) between groups; p = 0.5724). An interesting trend was that patients’ CD4 counts in the study demonstrated a slower than anticipated decline compared with trends recorded in the literature for natural progression of disease.Conclusion: The CHD FA wellness drink is well tolerated in an ART-naive study population and does not negatively affect the disease-specific parameters and hence does not adversely affect the natural progression of the HIV-1 disease or patients’ general health. Further exploration of fulvic acids is therefore warranted.
Working Around the Problem: The Impact of Being Overweight and Obese on the Treatment of Clinical Illness
Authors: Brand Sarel , Brand Linda , Wolmarans De Wet
Published: October 2020

Overweight and obesity are not only two highly prevalent conditions in the South African society, but they also contribute to 6 of the 10 most common causes of death. Further, being overweight not only results in significant metabolic and endocrine disturbances, it also changes how patients respond to most pharmacotherapeutic interventions for clinical illness. The present paper will attempt to elucidate some of the most common physio-pathological phenomena associated with being overweight and obese. We will briefly focus on the manner in which especially excessive visceral adipose tissue contributes to an altered physiological state and pharmacokinetic profile, while highlighting important clinical aspects of comorbid conditions that are frequently observed in this patient cohort.
Practical approach to diagnosis and management of primary immunodeficiency diseases
Authors: Rossouw T. M. , Theron A. J. , Anderson R.
Published: October 2020

The occurrence of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) is low compared to that of immune-mediated disorders of autoimmune or atopic origin. However, progress in basic and clinical immunology over the past 3–4 decades has facilitated not only improved detection of PIDs, but has also created an awareness of an expanding spectrum of these conditions. Given that those who suffer from the most severe types of PID experience life-threatening microbial and viral infections usually from an early age, prompt recognition and definitive diagnosis enable implementation of appropriate prophylaxis and therapy, and, most importantly, corrective, immunorestoration using allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The purpose of the current review is therefore to alert family physicians to the presentation and types of PID that they may encounter in clinical practice, as well as to immunological screening procedures that can be undertaken to confirm or exclude the existence of the most common types of PID. This is followed by a consideration of prophylactic and therapeutic options and, finally, by a brief overview of gene therapy and gene-editing strategies that may offer alternatives to, or eventually replace, stem cell therapy.
Complications of rhinosinusitis
Authors: Searyoh K. , Lubbe D.
Published: October 2020

No abstract available.
Air pollution and child health: What can health care professionals do?
Authors: Ogunbanjo Gboyega A.
Published: October 2020

No abstract available.