bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Annulation on Low-Reynolds-Number Flows over an Orthocone
Authors: Thakor Mitesh , Seh Kee Horng , Gladson Sareta R. , Fernandez Martin L. , Ivany Linda C. , Green Melissa , Sun Yiyang
Published: January 2023

This study examines the influences of transverse annulation around a cone surface on the characteristics of a flow over the orthocone. This work is inspired by Spyroceras, a fossilized genus of the nautiloid family during the Paleozoic era, whose method of locomotion is understudied. As a baseline case, a flow over a smooth orthoconic model with a blunt cone end is investigated numerically at Reynolds numbers from 500 to 1500. As Reynolds increases, two different shedding mechanisms - hairpin-vortex wake and spiral-vortex wake - are captured. We notice that an introduction of annulation over the cone surface changes the critical Reynolds number for the transition of the shedding mechanism. The dominant shedding frequency increases with the Reynolds number for the smooth and annulated cone flows. Moreover, the annulation reduces the dominant frequency for the same Reynolds number and increases the time-averaged drag coefficient. Modal decompositions - Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and Spectral Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (SPOD) - are used to capture the coherent structures and their oscillating frequencies. We have captured modes corresponding to the hairpin-vortex wake and spiral-vortex wake shedding mechanisms. Comparing the leading POD modes for the smooth and the annulated cone flows, we find that the annulation can reduce the twisting effects of the coherent structures in the wake. Additionally, we find that the SPOD analysis can identify modes presenting both hairpin-vortex wake and spiral-vortex wake in one flow condition as leading modes, while the POD leading modes only reveal one shedding mechanism in each flow.
The role of microhabitat for bryophyte establishment in reclamation of boreal wetlands
Authors: Vitt Dale H. , House Melissa , Glaeser Lilyan C.
Published: January 2023

Minerogenous peatlands that accumulate deep deposits of organic matter (fens) were an important part of the pre-disturbance landscape across Alberta’s oil sand mining area. Bryophytes occupy 80–100% of the ground layer in these site types and form an important part of the accumulated organic matter. Bryophytes are small plants that occur in microhabitats influenced by surrounding vascular plants and substrate features. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the resilience of bryophytes and initial success of an experimental wetland (Sandhill Wetland-SHW) by assessing the changing vegetation and substrate regimes over eight years after wet-up. Included in this analysis is an account of the ground layer flora between 2014 and 2021 along with evaluation of associated environmental factors. At SHW, a number of peatland bryophytes initially established in numerous areas across the wetland. However, in subsequent years increasing water tables with expanding Typha-dominating areas, high sedge productivity and fluctuating water tables, increasing vascular plant cover, and increasing sodicity have reduced the microhabitats available for bryophytes, with the result being a much-diminished set of peatland bryophyte species. We suggest that future reclamation designs for fens should include microhabitats for bryophytes, as bryophytes are foundational species and integral to fen development. In comparison, reclamation designs for non-peat forming ecosystems that do not have abundant bryophytes, such as marshes and saline wetlands, do not require these microhabitat conditions. Installing a recently harvested peat substrate appears to provide suitable conditions for early establishment of bryophytes.
The experiences of patients with advanced heart failure, family carers, and professional caregivers with palliative care services: a secondary reflexive thematic analysis of longitudinal interview data
Authors: Remawi Bader Nael , Gadoud Amy , Preston Nancy
Published: January 2023

Background
Patients with heart failure have significant palliative care needs, but few are offered palliative care. Understanding the experiences of delivering and receiving palliative care from different perspectives can provide insight into the mechanisms of successful palliative care integration. There is limited research that explores multi-perspective and longitudinal experiences with palliative care provision. This study aimed to explore the longitudinal experiences of patients with heart failure, family carers, and professional caregivers with palliative care services.
Methods
A secondary analysis of 20 qualitative three-month apart interviews with patients with heart failure and family carers recruited from three community palliative care services in the UK. In addition, four group interviews with professional caregivers from four different services were analysed. Data were analysed using ‘reflexive thematic’ analysis. Results were explored through the lens of Normalisation Process Theory.
Results
Four themes were generated: Impact of heart failure, Coping and support, Recognising palliative phase, and Coordination of care. The impact of heart failure on patients and families was evident in several dimensions: physical, psychological, social, and financial. Patients developed different coping strategies and received most support from their families. Although professional caregivers endeavoured to support the patients and families, this was sometimes lacking. Professional caregivers found it difficult to recognise the palliative phase and when to initiate palliative care conversations. In turn, patients and family carers asked for better communication, collaboration, and care coordination along the whole disease trajectory.
Conclusions
The study provided broad insight into the experiences of patients, family carers, and professional caregivers with palliative care. It showed the impact of heart failure on patients and their families, how they cope, and how they could be supported to address their palliative care needs. The study findings can help researchers and healthcare professionals to design palliative care interventions focusing on the perceived care needs of patients and families.
Effect of climate change on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) growth across Europe: decrease of tree ring fluctuation and amplification of climate stress
Authors: Brichta Jakub , Šimůnek Václav , Bílek Lukáš , Vacek Zdeněk , Gallo Josef , Drozdowski Stanislaw , Bravo-Fernández José Alfredo , Mason Bill , Roig Sonia , Hájek Vojtěch , Vacek Stanislav , Štícha Václav
Published: January 2023

From an economic perspective, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is one of Europe's most important tree species. It is characterized by its wide ecological adaptability across its natural range. This research aimed to evaluate the forest structure, productivity and especially radial growth of heterogenous pine stands in the 16 research plots in the Czech Republic, Poland, Spain and Scotland. The study assessed the tree-ring formation and its relationship to climate change for each country, using 163 dendrochronological samples. The tree-ring growth evaluation focused on two periods – before (Period 1: 1951–1985) and during the climate change (Period 2: 1986–2016). The stand volume of mature pine forest ranged between 91–510 m3 ha− 1, and carbon sequestration in tree biomass was 40–210 t ha− 1. The stands had a prevailing random distribution of trees with a high vertical structure close to selection forests. Spectral analyses showed a substantial decrease in fluctuations in the tree-ring index and a loss in natural growth cyclicity in the second period. Generally, 11-year growth solar cycles were most often found. In the second period, a higher effect of climate factors on radial growth was observed. The results also evinced that air temperature was the most important factor influencing the radial growth compared to precipitation totals. Pine thrives well in precipitation-stable locations, as shown by the results from Scotland. The conclusions of this study confirm the fundamental effect of ongoing global climate change on the dynamics and growth of pine forests in Europe.
3-NAntC: a novel Crotoxin B-derived peptide for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Bezerra Patricia , Motti Eduardo
Published: January 2023

Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of tumor and a major leading cause of cancer mortality. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the worst prognosis due to its malignant characteristics and the absence of efficacious treatments. Crotoxin, a protein in Crotalus genus snake venom, has proven antitumor activity against aggressive solid tumors, but marked toxicity in humans. Crotoxin B-derived peptides were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their antitumor activity, which resulted in the discovery of 3-NAntC. 3-NAntC (1µg/mL) treatment for 72 hours decreased the MDA-MB-231 cells viability to 49.0%±17.5% (p < 0.0001), while the same condition resulted in the viability of HMEC cells at 98.2%±13.8%. 3-NAntC exhibited higher antitumoral activity in vitro than cisplatin and similar effect of doxorubicin. 3-NAntC reduced MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation and caused a G2/M arrest. 3-NAntC primarily induced apoptosis, with a lower necrosis occurrence compared with doxorubicin. 3-NAntC caused a low LDH release, and its cytotoxicity was not impaired by the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA. In zebrafish in vivo model, 3-NAntC was very well tolerated, showing no lethal effect and a low malformation rate at ≤ 75mg/mL. 3-NAntC is a novel synthetic peptide with promising antitumor effects in vitro against TNBC cells and with low toxicity in vivo.
Identification of mutations that causes glucose-6-phosphate transporter defect in Tunisian patients with glycogenosis type 1b
Authors: Chkioua Latifa , Amri Yessine , Saheli Chayma , BenRhouma Ferdaws , Chehida Amel Ben , Tebib Neji , Messaoud Taieb , Abdennebi Hassen Ben , Laradi Sandrine
Published: January 2023

Background: Glycogen storage disease type 1b (GSD1b) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by defective glucose-6-phosphate transporter encoded by SLC37A4 leading to the accumulation of glycogen in various tissues. The high rate of consanguineous marriages in Tunisian population provides an ideal environment to facilitate the identification of homozygous pathogenic mutations. We aimed to determine the clinical and genetic profiles of patients with GSD1b to evaluate SLC37A4 mutations spectrum in Tunisian patients.
Methods: All the 9 exons and flanking intron regions of SLC37A4 gene were screened by direct sequencing to identify mutations and polymorphisms in three unrelated families with GSD1b. Bioinformatics tools were then used to predict the impacts of identified mutations on the structure and function of protein in order to propose a function-structure relationship of the G6PT1 protein.
Results: Three patients (M.T, M.B and S.I) in Families I, II and III who had the severe phenotype were homoallelic for the two identified missense mutation and frameshift mutations: p.R300H (famillies I, II) and p.Trp393X (Family III), respectively. These two mutations were identified and previously reported. One of the alterations was a missense mutation p.R300H of exon 6 in SLC37A4 gene. The analysis of the protein structure flexibility upon p.R300H mutation using DynaMut tool and CABS-flex 2.0 server showed that the reported mutation increase the molecule flexibility of in the cytosol region and would probably lead to significant conformational changes. The other deleterious SLC37A4 gene alteration was a nonsense mutation p.Trp393X in exon 8 previously found homozygous.
Conclusion: This is the first Tunisian report of SLC37A4 mutations identified in Tunisia causing the glycogenosis type Ib disease. Bioinformatics analysis allowed us to establish an approximate structure-function relationship for the G6PT1 protein, thereby providing better genotype/phenotype correlation knowledge.
Microscopical features of six species of Phyllostachys bamboo and Arundo donax
Authors: Greco Silvia , Molari Luisa , Valdrè Giovanni , Garcia Jose Jaime
Published: January 2023

Advancement in the application of natural materials in construction requires an understanding of their anatomical and physical characteristics and strength. Nowadays, a lack of knowledge is unfortunately present regarding some bamboo species. The aim of this paper is to provide detailed information to close this gap. Phyllostachys bambusoides, edulis, iridescens, viridiglaucescens, vivax and violacescens have been analysed. Such bamboo species are easily cultivated in Italy, but not all of them are the same in terms of diameter, wall thickness, and mechanical behaviour. The properties and differences of Arundo donax are also presented and explained to compare these very similar materials. In the first part of this study, the features of the components of these species are investigated. A detailed description and pictures of the microstructure are reported. In the second part, the distribution of the components of the plants is analysed and then cross-correlated to mechanical properties. All the bamboo species studied exhibit similar characteristics in terms of component morphology, with the exception of Arundo donax, which differs in terms of component distribution along the culm wall. Generally, species having a higher percentage of fibre, and larger fibres in the average vascular bundle, have higher tensile, compressive, and bending strengths.
Predicting orthopedic surgery times using machine learning
Authors: Igder Senobar Kheradmand , Salimifard Khodakaram , Tahami Seyed Mohammad , Mohammadi Reza , Kuiper Alex , Heidari Shahin
Published: January 2023

The operating rooms within the surgical unit take center stage in a hospital. The fact that, in practice, actual durations of surgery do not coincide with their allotted times yields extra costs; for example, earliness results in unutilized operating room time, and lateness incurs extra waiting for patients. Various machine learning methods are employed to predict surgery times in a hospital. The data used stems from the Shahid Chamran Trauma educational-medical hospital (Shiraz, Iran) from 2018 until 2021. The performances across the four methods, linear regression, recursive partitioning, support vector machine, and XGBoost, are compared using established accuracy and relevant healthcare operational metrics. The predicted surgery times vary per algorithm, but the differences are minor. Among the methods, linear regression shows the best performance. Linear regression, which also provides explanatory insights, outperforms the other approaches for predicting surgery times. Furthermore, the study shows that using machine learning models is a promising avenue to improve the prediction of operation time and generate more efficient and effective operating room schedules.
Identifying suitable zones for Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) L.M.Liao farming in a densely developed portion of the South Atlantic
Authors: Mesquita¹ Frederico , Schwahofer Felipe
Published: January 2023

Due to the growing demand for bioproducts, mariculture can have an important sustainable role in the cultivation of marine macroalgae. While the southern coast of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, currently has dozens of aquaculture structures installed, we sought to identify additional suitable sites for marine macroalgae enterprises as well as to estimate current production levels along its densely developed southern coast (Ilha Grande and Sepetiba bays). High resolution satellite images were used to generate 31maps related to the criteria and constraints that could influence aquaculture productivity. Individual weights were assigned to those criteria and constraints based on the judgments of technicians, researchers, and other stakeholders using a pairwise comparison method. Those factors were combined using multicriteria decision rules, and a suitability map was derived from their reclassifications. Of the total area calculated, 12.88% was determined to be unsuitable for cultivation, and 87.12% was considered suitable. We identified 91 K. alvarezii cultivation structures, and their annual biomass production was estimated to be between 400 and 1,500kg/year. Our analyses calculated the cultivation potential of the entire region, although the presence of heavy metals in Sepetiba Bay removes from consideration its production of algae for human consumption (although their biomasses could be used for other purposes). The results are designed to contribute to marine spatial planning and assist producers, decision makers, and social actors in promoting the sustainable development of seaweed farming.
Outcome of combining 7.5Fr disposable electronic flexible ureteroscope with 10Fr ureteral access sheath in the treatment of renal stones < 2cm: initial experience
Authors: Song Baiyang , Cheng Yue , Xie Guohai , Huang Ting , Yang Jiner , Fang Li
Published: January 2023

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of combining 7.5Fr flexible ureteroscope with 10Fr ureteral access sheath performed in patients with renal calculi under 2cm.
Materials and methods: We prospectively involved 10 patients with renal calculi < 2cm who underwent holmium laser lithotripsy using the combination of 7.5Fr flexible ureteroscope and a 10Fr ureteral access sheath without double-J stents pre-reserved. The patients’ profiles, including preoperative, operative information, and postoperative complications, were recorded.
Results: The success rate of sheath placement was 100% with the operation time of 55.0 ± 20.0 min, while the lithotripsy time of 150.4 ± 199.0 s. Due to the grade-1 injury of ureter, the double-J stent was retained in two cases for a month. Moreover, the duration of stent-keeping was 18.3 ± 20.13 hours, the hospitalization duration after operation was 45.6 ± 15.5 h, and the pain score after 24 hours postoperatively was 4.3 ± 3.5, respectively. Hemoglobin decreased by 5.0 ± 9.2 g/L and creatinine increased by 1.9 ± 6.6 μmol/L postoperatively, and none of the patients suffered from fever or hemorrhage. The SFR was 90.0% in a month after surgery. In terms of the symptom score of stents, overactive bladder symptom score was 1.7 ± 1.5, international prostate symptom score of 3.3 ± 2.8, and quality of life of 1.3 ± 1.7.
Conclusion: Combining 7.5Fr flexible ureteroscope with 10Fr ureteral access sheath is recommended as a safe option for treating renal calculi < 2cm with high rate of sheath placement and lower rate of complication.
Effects of L-DOPA and PCA combination therapy on oxidative stress, DNA damage, mitochondrial apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Turker Nebiye Pelin , Bakar Elvan
Published: January 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
The molecular classification of cancer-associated fibroblasts on a pan-cancer single-cell transcriptional profiling
Authors: Chen Bonan , Chan Wai Nok , Xie Fuda , Mui Chun Wai , Cheung Alvin H.K. , liu Xiaoli , Lung Raymond W.M. , Chow Chit , Zhang Zhenhua , Shi Shihua , Zhou Shikun , Chen Guoming , WangP Shouyu , Ding Xiaofan , Huang Bing , Liang Li , Dong Yujuan , Wong Chi Chun , Wu William K.K. , Cheng Alfred S.L. , Chan Michael W.Y. , Yu Jun , Lo Kwok Wai , Kang Wei , To Ka Fai
Published: January 2023

Backgroud:Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a component of the tumor microenvironment, play a critical role in cancer progression, either pro- or anti-tumorigenic functions. Due to the original, phenotypic, and functional heterogeneity, CAFs can be subgrouped into several subpopulations. So far, no molecular classifications of CAFs based on a single-cell pan-cancer scale have been provided.Methods:This study employs a pan-cancer single-cell transcriptional atlas on 9 types of solid tumors (breast cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine prostate cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, prostate adenocarcinoma, and stomach adenocarcinoma) to provide a novel molecular classification, elucidate the CAF evolution. The function of each CAF subtype was analyzed by single-cell regulatory network inference and clustering (SCENIC) and single-cell GSEA, and the clinical significance was assessed using survival curves. Furthermore, we used molecular docking to screen small molecules targeting matCAF and conducted in vivo experiments to verify.Results:We distinguished CAFs in the solid tumor as 4 molecular clusters: progenitor CAF (proCAF), inflammatory CAF (iCAF), myofibroblastic CAF (myCAF), and matrix-producing CAF (matCAF) based on the prominent molecular features. The classification is universally applied in all the 9 solid tumors. The 4 CAF subtypes exhibit distinct evolutionary trajectories, functional roles, and clinical significance in different solid tumors. Besides, the matCAF signatures were found to have poor prognoses among multiple cancer types. Targeting matCAF by a screened small molecule, Procyanidin C1, exerted anti-tumor effects in suppressing tumor growth.Conclusions:Together, CAF subtypes play essential roles in cancer initiation and progression, especially mat CAF. Targeting matAF in solid tumors has tumor therapeutic potential.
Comparison of the near and long-term efficacy of thoracoscopic thoracic sympathectomy with different segments for palmar hyperhidrosis, axillary hyperhidrosis, and plantar hyperhidrosis
Authors: Hong Ziqiang , Sheng Yannan , Cui Baiqiang , Bai Xiangdou , Lu Yingjie , Cheng Tao , Wu Xusheng , Jin Dacheng , Gou Yunjiu
Published: January 2023

Background: To compare the near and long-term outcomes of endoscopic thoracic sympathicotomy (ETS) for palmar hyperhidrosis, axillary hyperhidrosis, and plantar hyperhidrosis.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 218 patients with hyperhidrosis who were admitted to the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Gansu Provincial People's Hospital for surgical treatment from April 2014 to August 2021. The patients were divided into three groups according to the method of ETS, and the perioperative clinical data and postoperative follow-up data were collected to compare the near and long term outcomes of the three groups.
Results: There were 197 eligible patients at follow-up, 60 patients in the R4 cut-off group, 95 patients in the R3+R4 cut-off group, and 42 patients in the R4+R5 cut-off group. There were no statistically significant differences in baseline indicators such as sex, age and positive family history among the three groups (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the three groups in terms of operative time (P=0.148), intraoperative bleeding (P=0.308), and postoperative hospital stay (P=0.407). Postoperatively, all three groups showed significant relief of palmar hyperhidrosis symptoms, with the R3+R4 group having an advantage in terms of relief of axillary hyperhidrosis symptoms, patient satisfaction and quality of life index at 6 months postoperatively, and the R4+R5 group having an advantage in terms of [1]
relief of plantar hyperhidrosis symptoms. The difference in compensatory hyperhidrosis at 12 months postoperatively was not statistically significant among the three groups (P=0.867), but the incidence was higher in the R3+R4 and R4+R5 groups than in the R4 group.
Conclusion: Patients with simple palmar hyperhidrosis can first consider R4 cut-off treatment; R3+R4 cut-off is more effective in treating palmar hyperhidrosis combined with axillary hyperhidrosis; R4+R5 cut-off is more effective in treating palmar hyperhidrosis combined with plantar hyperhidrosis. However, patients need to be informed that R3+R4 and R4+R5 dissection may increase the risk of severe compensatory hyperhidrosis after surgery.
VTAIM: Volatile Transaction Authentication Insurance Method for Cyber Security Risk Insurance of Banking Services
Authors: Almatari Osamah , Wang Xiaomin , Zhang Wenfang , Khan Muhammad Khurram
Published: January 2023

Cyber threats in online banking services are increasing with the improvements in internet-aided communications and extended services. The threats gather personal and transactional information from the users from which illegitimate services are handled. For providing secure service-based risk mitigation, this article introduces a Volatile Transaction Authentication Insurance Method (VTAIM). This method generates volatile insurance authenticity for a transaction-initiated session. Depending on the transaction features, the insurance is constructed using a two-way volatile authentication key. This key extension/ validity is recommended through deep learning based on the user transaction interest. The type of security threat is first detected from the session interruptions and converging transaction period. Post the detection, the user and banking service-oriented authentication is used for ensuring end-to-end security. This recommendation is used for typical consecutive transactions and volatile security. The security features are updated periodically based on service availability and transaction support provided. Therefore, spoofed services are less available for distinct users across different time intervals, reducing the false rate and failures.
Infrastructure Development and Female Labor Force Participation in Pakistan
Authors: Ali Syed Ammad , Jamil Ruqaiya , Economist / Research
Published: January 2023

This article examines the impacts of infrastructure development on female labor force participation in the case of Pakistan. The study employed 19 indicators of infrastructure development, which four indices through principal component analysis (PCA); namely, transportation index (TI), Telecommunication Index (TCI), Public motor vehicle index (PMVI) and Overall index (OI). The estimation is based on ARDL-Bound testing cointegration approach and the rolling window analysis, using annual time series data from 1985 to 2018. The estimated results show that all the infrastructure indices positively and significantly impact the female labour force participation rate. The road length has the largest positive impact on female participation; a one per cent increase in road length increases the female participation rate by 0.65%.
Jel Classifications: C38; C82; E24; F62; H54; J21;O18; O11
Novel Three-dimensional Workstation System for Intraoperative Navigation in Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy
Authors: Takahara Kiyoshi , Kusaka Mamoru , Tomozawa Shuhei , Nishino Masashi , Kawai Akihiro , Shiroki Ryoichi
Published: January 2023

Detailed knowledge of the anatomical relationships between renal tumors, vascular structures, and the urinary tract is required to perform robot-assisted partial nephrectomies (RAPN) successfully. Recent improvements in imaging modalities include computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, three-dimensional (3D) workstation systems for intraoperative navigation have also been developed.
This report introduces a novel 3D workstation system for intraoperative navigation while performing RAPN called “Atrena”. Atrena is equipped with multiple methods for the stereoscopic viewing of 3D images. Furthermore, Atrena operates on a tablet. Therefore, using Atrena in RAPN enables the rotation and enlargement of stereoscopic 3D images through manipulations on the tablet's screen. Atrena was successfully used for intraoperative navigation in initial 15 cases of RAPN with high trifecta achievement ratios.
We believe that this novel 3D workstation system, “Atrena”, is beneficial in performing RAPN and enhances its success. We also believe Atrena may be useful as an educational tool for medical staff.
Variations in Hepatic Vein Pressure Gradient and Liver Stiffness in the Histological Categories of Non-cirrhotic Portal Hypertension
Authors: Bihari Chhagan , Dhariwal Sneha , Rastogi Archana , Sharma Manoj Kumar , Sarin Shiv Kumar
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH) usually has lower liver stiffness (LS) and hepatic pressure gradient (HPVG), than cirrhosis. At times, it can have elevated LS and HVPG and be confused with liver cirrhosis. In this study we aimed to categorize those entities of NCPH with higher values of LS and HVPG for the prognostic relevance.
Patients & Methods: This study included liver biopsy cases diagnosed as NCPH (2015-2021). Age and gender-matched controls of cryptogenic cirrhosis (n=127) were included. Parameters were obtained from the electronic records. The histological categories were- Obliterative portal venopathy (OPV), OPV with bridges (OPV-F), incomplete septal cirrhosis (ISC), nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH), mega sinusoids with fibrosis (MSF) and unclassified.
Results: Mean age of study participants (n=173) was 39 (27.5-50) years. LS and HVPG were significantly lower than the cirrhosis {8 (6-12) vs 16 (14-17) Kpa; and 8 (6.9-11.7) vs. 27 (23-36), p<0.001. NCPH categories were- OPV {45, (26%)}, OPV- {37, (21.4%)}, ISC {20, (11.6%)}, NRH {19, (11%)}, MSF {19, (11%)}, and unclassified {33, (19%)}. Elevated HVPG noted in OPV-F {15(12-16)} and ISC {12 (9-14)} mmHg and correlated with fibrosis quantity. A HVPG >10 mmHg was: OPV (0/45, 0%), OPV-F (29/37, 78.3%), ISC (13/20, 65%), NRH (8/19, 42%), MSF (1/19, 5.2%), and unclassified (1/33, 3%) with p<0.001. Higher values of TE recorded in MSF and NRH, as compared to other categories.
Conclusions: OPV-F and ISC have more fibrosis contents and higher HVPG values than the other categories of NCPH. Whereas, MSF and NRH have spuriously high liver stiffness.
Extending (τ-)tilting subcategories and (co)silting modules
Authors: Asadollahi Javad , Padashnik Fazad , Sadeghi Somayeh , Treffinger Hipolito
Published: January 2023

Let B be a finite dimensional algebra and A=B[P0] be the one-point extension algebra of B with respect to the finitely generated projective B-module P0. The categories of B-modules and A-modules are related by two adjoint functors R and E, called the restriction and the extension functors, respectively. Based on the nice homological properties of these two functors, restriction and extension of some notions such as tilting and tau-tilting modules have been studied in the category of finitely presented modules, i.e. small mod. In this paper, we investigate the behaviour of tilting and support tau-tilting subcategories with respect to these two functors. Moreover, we investigate the restriction and the extension of special related modules such as finendo quasi-tilting modules, silting modules, and cosilting modules. Our studies will be done in the category of all modules, which will be called large Mod. Based on such study, in addition to the new results, classical results are extended, not only from modules to subcategories but also from small mod to large Mod.
Effects of Returning Farmland to Forest and Grassland on Deep Soil Moisture Dynamics in Loess Hilly Region
Authors: Meng Tingting , Sun Pei
Published: January 2023

Background

The vegetation covering of the Loess Plateau (LP) expanded significantly, when implemented the returning cultivated land to forest and grassland. It is of great significance for the sustainability of vegetation restoration in semi-arid regions to accurately understand the effects of vegeta-tion on deep soil moisture;

Methods

The deep-water consumption (200–1000 cm) of sloping farmland, grassland and Jujube orchards a minor loess hilly region basin in Yuanzegou were studied using outdoor surveys and indoor tests;

Results

From 200 cm to 1000 cm, the soil water storage ranged in the order of sloping farmland > grassland > Jujube orchard, with mean values of 148.78 mm, 145.28 mm and 121.11 mm, respectively. Sloped farms and grassland had significantly higher soil water storage than Jujube orchard (p < 0.05). In the 200–1000 cm soil layer, the water consumption of the Jujube orchard ranged from 21.67 mm to 32.97 mm, and that of grassland ranged from − 4.47 mm to 10.32 mm. The deep soil water consumption of Jujube orchard significantly exceeded that of grassland (p < 0.05);

Conclusions

Returning farmland to forest and grass reduced soil moisture content, especially when using forest-type vegetation.
Short-Term changes in Retinal Microvascular Network and Microcirculation after Horizontal Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Chen Yao , Ma Qingkai , Xia Lin , Dong Jiong , Luo Sha , Feng Lixia
Published: January 2023

Purpose: To determine the possible effects of horizontal rectus surgery on the fundus microvascular network and microcirculation.
Methods: A total of 53 eyes from 53 horizontal strabismus who underwent a recession-resection surgery on monocular eye were included. The densities in the capillary plexus of retinal and the area of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) were imaged and measured by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) at baseline and 1 day, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after strabismus surgery.
Results: The mean whole superficial capillary plexus (SCP) of reoperation and postoperation were 43.02 ± 3.75, 40.17 ± 4.25,42.25 ± 4.51 and 42.87 ± 4.23%, respectively. There was a statistically significant decrease in the measurement of the whole SCP (p < 0.001). The mean whole deep capillary plexus measurements (DCP) of reoperation and postoperation were 48.83 ± 3.33, 49.13 ± 4.13, 49.42 ± 3.90 and 49.66 ± 3.74%, respectively. There was no statistically significant change in the measurement of the whole DCP (p = 0.427). The mean FAZ measurements of reoperation and postoperation were 0.27 ± 0.09, 0.28 ± 0.11, 0.27 ± 0.09 and 0.27 ± 0.10mm2, respectively. There was no statistically significant change in the measurement of FAZ (p = 0.497).
Conclusions: Superficial capillary plexus decreased transitorily in short-term follow-up after strabismus surgery. Such changes would not persist over a long period.
C-terminus of serine–arginine protein kinase-like protein, SrpkF, is involved in conidiophore formation and hyphal growth under salt stress in Aspergillus aculeatus
Authors: Kobayashi Natsumi , Katayama Ryohei , Minamoto Kentaro , Kawaguchi Takashi , Tani Shuji
Published: January 2023

The serine–arginine protein kinase-like protein, SrpkF, was identified as a regulator for the cellulose-responsive induction of cellulase genes in Aspergillus aculeatus. To analyze various aspects of SrpkF function, we examined the growth of the control strain (MR12); C-terminus deletion mutant, which produced SrpkF1–327 (DCsrpkF); whole gene-deletion mutant of srpkF (DsrpkF), srpkF overexpressing strain (OEsprkF), and the complemented strain (srpkF+) under various stress conditions. All test strains grew normally on minimal medium under control, high salt (1.5 M KCl), and high osmolality (2 M sorbitol and 1.0 M sucrose). However, only DCsrpkF showed reduced conidiation and hyperbranched hyphal growth on 1.0 M NaCl media. Conidiation of DCsrpkF on 1.0 M NaCl media was reduced to 12% compared with that of srpkF+. By contrast, deletion of srpkF did not affect hyphal growth and conidiation under the same conditions. We then quantified the transcripts of the regulators involved in the central asexual conidiation pathway in A. aculeatus. The findings revealed that the expression of brlA, abaA, wetA, and vosA was reduced in DCsrpkF under salt stress. These data suggest that in A. aculeatus, SrpkF regulates conidiophore development. The C-terminus of SrpkF seems to be important for regulating SrpkF function in response to culture conditions.
non-dengeneracy of solutions for prescribled scalar curvature problem via local Pohozaev identity
Authors: WANG QINGFANG
Published: January 2023

This paper deals with the following nonlinear elliptic equation
$$-\Delta u=Q(|y'|,y'')u^{\frac{N+2}{N-2}},\,\,u>0,\,\,\text{in}\R^N,\,\,u\inD^{1,2}(\R^{N}),$$where $(y',y'')\in \R^2\times\R^{N-2}$,
where $Q(|y'|,y'')$ is a bounded non-negative function in $\mathbb{R}^{2}\times \R^{N-2}$. We prove a non-degeneracy result for the positive solutions constructed in [PWW].
Comparison of physical activity levels and dietary habits between women with polycystic ovarian syndrome and healthy controls of reproductive age: A case-control study
Authors: Butt Muhammad Salman , Saleem Javeria , Zakar Rubeena , Aiman Sobia , Bukhari Gul Mehar Javaid , Fischer Florian
Published: January 2023

Background Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive hormonal anomaly prevalent among reproductive-aged women, with an alarmingly high prevalence of 52% among Pakistani women. This study aims to compare the daily physical activity and dietary habits of PCOS women with age-matched healthy controls living in Lahore, Pakistan. Methods A case-control study design was used to collect data from a private hospital situated in Lahore, Pakistan. Data were collected from 115 participants of the reproductive age group (18–45 years). Demographic variables, reproductive characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and 7 days of physical activity levels using the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ-Short version) and 7 days of food frequency questionnaire (7 days-FFQ) were used to measure the dietary habits of the participants. Mosby’s Nutritac v4.0 software was used to estimate the macronutrients, vitamins, and minerals present in diet intake. The glycemic index and glycemic load were calculated to compare the quality and quantity of carbohydrate consumption between the two groups. Results The 49 newly identified PCOS cases using Rotterdam criteria aged 24.63 years (SD ± 4.76) and 66 healthy controls aged 23.24 years (SD ± 5.45) were compared. A significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) was found for reproductive characteristics, daily physical activity, polyunsaturated fat, and vitamin intake between the two groups. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that food with a low glycemic index (GI ≤ 40) reduced the odds of PCOS occurrence by OR = 1.94. Similarly, food nutrients with a low glycemic load (GL ≤ 10) can lower PCOS occurrence by OR = 1.60. Conclusion The daily physical activity levels and dietary habits of reproductive-aged women can influence their reproductive characteristics and polycystic ovarian morphology. A diet with a low glycemic load and index can produce beneficial reproductive health effects among reproductive-aged women.
Investigating air travel network changes in Canada, USA and Europe during COVID-19 using open source data
Authors: Ciupeanu Adriana-Stefania , Wickramasinghe Ashani , Muthukumarana Saman , Arino Julien
Published: January 2023

We consider the evolution of the global air transportation network during the COVID-19 pandemic, using publicly available data from the OpenSky Network.
Fundamental abrasive contact at high speeds: scratch testing in experiment and simulation
Authors: Varga Markus , Cervellón Alejandra Marcela Ventura , Leroch Sabine , Eder Stefan Josef , Rojacz Harald , Ripoll Manel Rodríguez
Published: January 2023

The understanding and experimentation of abrasive wear mechanisms at high speeds is still poorly investigated in literature. This is mainly due to a lack of suitable, well-instrumented test rigs for fundamental, single abrasive wear events. Standard scratch tests, which are often utilized for studies of abrasion phenomena, operate in the low-speed range up to some mm/s, while applications suffering from abrasive wear often operate at speeds exceeding 1 m/s (e.g., rolling, grinding, machining).
Numerical approaches, especially particle-based methods, allow the simulation of such fast deformation processes, but rely on hardening models that require a precise knowledge of material parameters. Thus, the Johnson-Cook material model was parametrized using data from high-speed compression tests of pure aluminum. A series of scratch tests with increasing depths were then simulated using the particle-based Material Point Method (MPM). Experimentation was done on a pendulum scratch test rig equipped with a Rockwell C diamond cone. By adjusting the balance point of the swing arm of ~1 m length, a velocity of 6.8 m/s was achieved at its tip as measured with a high-speed camera. Scratches of several depths were performed, and their force signals acquired. Post-test analyses comprised topography measurements and EBSD on cross-sections of the scratches to investigate the microstructural changes due to the high-speed wear event.
Scratch topographies and abrasive mechanisms compared favorably between experiment and simulation for the aluminum. The extent of strain hardening was significantly reduced compared to low-speed experiments. The calibration of the high-speed force sensor was successful and now allows the investigation of new alloys and determination of material parameters under high-speed abrasive conditions.
Hilbert’s First Problem and the New Progress of Infinity Theory
Authors: Wang Xijia
Published: January 2023

In the 19th century, Cantor created the infinite cardinal number theory based on the "1-1 correspondence" principle. The continuum hypothesis is proposed under this theoretical framework. In 1900, Hilbert made it the first problem in his famous speech on mathematical problems, which shows the importance of this question. We know that the infinitesimal problem triggered the second mathematical crisis in the 17-18th centuries. The Infinity problem is no less important than the infinitesimal problem. In the 21st century, Sergeyev introduced the Grossone method from the principle of "whole is greater than part", and created another ruler for measuring infinite sets. The discussion in this paper shows that, compared with the cardinal number method, the Grossone method enables infinity calculation to achieve a leap from qualitative calculation to quantitative calculation. According to Grossone theory, there is neither the largest infinity and infinitesimal, nor the smallest infinity and infinitesimal. Hilbert's first problem is caused by the incompleteness of the infinity theory.
A Study on the Perception, Current Status and Support Needs of Child care and Education Teachers at Public Inclusive Child care and Education Centers for Early Identification and Early Intervention of At-risk Young Children
Authors:   Korean Journal Of Early Childhood Special Education, Ryu Hye Jin , Lee Byoung In , Kim Hyun Sook
Published: January 2023

In this study, a survey was conducted to find out the perception and support needs for early identification and early intervention of at-risk young children, targeting child care and education teachers of public inclusive child care and education centers for young children with disabilities. A total of 116 questionnaires were used as final analysis data. And using SPSS 29.0, frequency analysis, multiple response frequency analysis, and content analysis were performed according to the characteristics of the items. The research results are as follows. First, participants at public inclusive child care and education centers for young children with disabilities collected information on at-risk young children through regular observation and anecdotal records, and then diagnosed them using a screening tool. Second, participants mainly recognized the behavioral characteristics of young children with autism as well as developmental delays as behavioral characteristics of at-risk young children. Third, participants are aware of the needs for early identification and early intervention, but they are experiencing difficulties due to lack of related knowledge and differences in views between parents and public inclusive child care and education centers. Fourth, participants requested support from special education experts, training to strengthen child care and education teachers’ competency, reduced teacher-to-child ratio, and systematic and professional institutional support for early identification and early intervention of at-risk young children. This study is meaningful in that it provided basic data for the establishment of a support system for early identification and early intervention of at-risk young children.
Use of surfactants in biodegradation of hydrophobic compounds: A review
Authors: Topchiy I. A. , Stom D. I. , Donina K. Yu. , Alferov S. V. , Nechaeva I. A. , Kupchinsky А. B. , Ogarkov B. N. , Petrova Yu. Yu. , Antonova E. V.
Published: January 2023

Industrial development has led to immense emission and accumulation of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOC) in the environment. Primarily, they include petroleum hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The extensive use of hydrophobic pesticides in agriculture led to the contamination of soil, air and water. Many of the hydrophobic substances are dangerous for the biota due to their high toxicity and carcinogenic and mutagenic activity. In addition to their widespread use, the possible adverse effects are also determined by their resistance to decomposition, including the biological one, which defines their long-term persistence in soil, water and other media. The impact of HOC on ecosystems poses a potential threat not only to the environment but also to human health. Numerous studies were devoted to the remediation of soils polluted with HOC. The approaches to remediation can be conditionally divided into mechanical, chemical and bio-methods, with the former two being widely used in the past. Bioremediation methods proved more efficient and, as a rule, more cost-effective and environmentally friendly. In recent years, the good efficiency of solubilizing agents in bioremediation processes has been demonstrated. Various surfactants have become widely popular due to their ability to increase desorption, water solubility and microbial bioavailability of HOC. In this brief review, state-of-the-art literature data on the biodegradation of hydrophobic organic compounds using surfactants were considered.
Effect of Althaea rosea flower gum loaded with Thymbra spicata (Zahter) essential oil coating on shelf life and quality of beef patties (Koefte) during cold storage
Authors: Baran A.
Published: January 2023

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of Althaea rosea flower gum loaded with Thymbra spicata essential oils coating on packaged beef patties during cold storage. For this purpose, samples were evaluated in terms of pH, color, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and microbiological properties. In addition, texture profile analysis (TPA) was performed to evaluate the textural properties of the beef patties. The essential oil treatment to the beef patties had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the pH values at the end of storage. The coating significantly affected the L* (lightness), a* (redness) and b* (yellowness) values (p<0.05). A similar situation was also found for lipid oxidation (1.00 µmol MDA (g). The coated samples with essential oil-treated had the lowest values of total aerobic bacteria (3.29 log CFU/g), yeast and mold (2.99 log CFU/g), lactic acid bacteria (2.23 log CFU/g), and total psychrophilic bacteria (2.58 log CFU/g). While the effect of the coating on the adhesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness values of the beef patties at the end of storage was significant (p<0.05), it did not affect other textural properties. Current research has shown that Althaea rosea flower gum can be used in edible coatings and, when fortified with Thymbra spicata essential oil, can be used in muscle foods for preservation and shelf-life extension.