bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reply to Marino et al. Does Subretinal Fluid Influence Choroidal Thickness (ChT) and Structure in Preeclampsia with Serous Retinal Detachment? Comment on “Fukui et al. Changes in Choroidal Thickness and Structure in Preeclampsia with Serous Retinal Detachment. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 609”
Authors: Fukui Ayumi , Tanaka Hiroshi , Terao Nobuhiro , Nagata Kenji , Matsumoto Akifumi , Kusada Natsuki , Kojima Kentaro , Sotozono Chie
Published: May 2023

We thank the authors for the interesting comments [...]
Traumatic Brain Injury: Contemporary Challenges and the Path to Progress
Authors: Yue John , Deng Hansen
Published: May 2023

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and its incidence is increasing [...]
Soluble Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor (suPAR) Is a Biomarker Associated with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in the Elderly, Specifically in Women
Authors: Wlazeł Rafał Nikodem , Guligowska Agnieszka , Chrząstek Zuzanna , Kostka Tomasz , Jegier Anna , Szadkowska Iwona
Published: May 2023

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) may result in the development of heart failure, which is widespread among people of advanced age. The pathophysiology of LVH is complex and its biochemical pathways are not fully understood in this group. Elevated soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), a biomarker of immune activation, including fibrosis, reflects subclinical organ damage in systematic diseases. The present study assesses the clinical role of suPAR measurement in determination of LVH-associated cardiac disorders in the elderly. The studied population consisted of 238 individuals aged 76–91 years; of these, 139 (58%) were diagnosed with LVH. Serum biomarkers measurement (suPAR, troponin T, NT-proBNP and CRP) and echocardiography were performed in all subjects. The suPAR level was significantly higher in the LVH group (4.01 vs. 3.82 ng/mL, p = 0.033) and correlated with the parameters of cardiac diastolic function. Stepwise logistic regression found suPAR level (OR = 1.55, p = 0.016), BMI (OR = 1.17, p = 0.0003) and hypertension (OR = 2.42, p = 0.046) to be independently associated with LVH in women. In men, the strongest predictors of LVH were hypertension (OR = 7.52, p = 0.014) and BMI (OR = 1.42, p = 0.032). The observations indicate suPAR as a promising marker reflecting LVH, especially in women at advanced age, independent of age-associated cardiac remodeling.
Reconstructing Long-Term Arctic Sea Ice Freeboard, Thickness, and Volume Changes from Envisat, CryoSat-2, and ICESat-2
Authors: Zhang Yanze , Chao Nengfang , Li Fupeng , Yue Lianzhe , Wang Shuai , Chen Gang , Wang Zhengtao , Yu Nan , Sun Runzhi , Ouyang Guichong
Published: May 2023

Satellite altimeters have been used to monitor Arctic sea ice (ASI) thickness for several decades, but whether the different altimeter missions (such as radar and laser altimeters) are in agreement with each other and suitable for long-term research needs to be investigated. To analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of ASI, continuous long-term first-year ice, and multi-year ice of ASI freeboard, thickness, and volume from 2002 to 2021 using the gridded nadirization method from Envisat, CryoSat-2, and ICESat-2, altimeter data are comprehensively constructed and assessed. The influences of sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface wind field (SSW) on ASI are also discussed. The freeboard/thickness and extent/area of ASI all varied seasonally and reached their maximum and minimum in April and October, March and September, respectively. From 2002 to 2021, the freeboard, thickness, extent, and area of ASI all consistently showed downward trends, and sea ice volume decreased by 5437 km3/month. SST in the Arctic rose by 0.003 degrees C/month, and the sea ice changes lagged behind this temperature variation by one month between 2002 and 2021. The meridional winds blowing from the central Arctic region along the eastern coast of Greenland to the North Atlantic each month are consistent with changes in the freeboard and thickness of ASI. SST and SSW are two of the most critical factors driving sea ice changes. This study provides new data and technical support for monitoring ASI and exploring its response mechanisms to climate change.
Improving Functional Abilities in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Non-Invasive REAC Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization Treatments: A PEDI-CAT Study
Authors: Rinaldi Arianna , Marins Martins Márcia C. , De Almeida Martins Oliveira Ana C. , Rinaldi Salvatore , Fontani Vania
Published: May 2023

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that affects communication, social interaction, and behavior. Non-invasive neuromodulation techniques, such as radioelectric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) technology, have gained attention for their potential to improve the endogenous bioelectric activity (EBA) and neurobiological processes underlying ASD. Neuro Postural Optimization (NPO) and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization (NPPO) treatments are non-invasive and painless neuromodulation treatments that utilize REAC technology and have shown promising results in improving the symptoms of ASD. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of NPO and NPPO treatments on functional abilities in children and adolescents with ASD using the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI-CAT). The study consisted of 27 children and adolescents with ASD who underwent a single session of NPO followed by 18 sessions of NPPO treatment over a period of one week. The results showed significant improvements in the children’s and adolescents’ functional abilities across all domains of the PEDI-CAT. These findings suggest that NPO and NPPO may be effective treatments for improving functional abilities in children and adolescents with ASD.
Impact of Robotic Technologies on Prostate Cancer Patients’ Choice for Radical Treatment
Authors: Esperto Francesco , Cacciatore Loris , Tedesco Francesco , Testa Antonio , Callè Pasquale , Ragusa Alberto , Deanesi Noemi , Minore Antonio , Prata Francesco , Brassetti Aldo , Papalia Rocco , Scarpa Roberto Mario
Published: May 2023

Prostate cancer (PCa) surgery has a strong impact on men’s social and sexual lives. For this reason, many patients ask for robotic surgery. To assess the rate of lost patients due to the lack of a robotic platform (RPl) at our center, we retrospectively selected 577 patients who underwent prostate biopsy between 2020 and 2021 who were eligible for radical prostatectomy (RP) (ISUP ≥ 2; age ≤ 70 yr). Patients eligible for surgery who decided to be operated received a phone call interview asking the reason for their choice. Overall, 230 patients (31.7%) underwent laparoscopic-assisted radical prostatectomy (LaRP) at our center, while 494 patients (68.3%) were not treated in our hospital. Finally, 347 patients were included: 87 patients (25.1%) underwent radiotherapy; 59 patients (17%) were already under another urologist’s care; 113 patients (32.5%) underwent robotic surgery elsewhere; and 88 patients (25.4%) followed the suggestion of friends or relatives based on their surgical experience. Despite no surgical technique for RP having shown superiority in terms of oncological or functional outcomes, patients eligible for PCa treatment decided to be operated on elsewhere because of the lack of an RPl. Our results show how the presence of an RPl may increase the case volume of RP by 49% at our center.
Estimating Advance of Built-Up Area in Desert-Oasis Ecotone of Cholistan Desert Using Landsat
Authors: Ullah Sami , Shi Yan , Dasti Muhammad Yousaf Sardar , Wajid Muhammad , Saqib Zulfiqar Ahmad
Published: May 2023

There have been few attempts to estimate the effects of land use and land cover (LULC) on ecosystem services in desert-oasis ecotones, which are recognized as critical ecological barriers and buffers that prevent deserts from expanding into oases. This research investigated how remote sensing and geographic information technology may be used to monitor changes in LULC in the Cholistan desert and the Bahawalpur region of Pakistan between the years 2015 and 2022. The objective of this research was to identify thematic and statistical shifts in LULC in the study area due to various human interventions in the area. Landsat-8 images were processed using the maximum likelihood supervised classification technique using 500 training samples to categorize the study area into four LULC classes, i.e., desert/barren land, waterbodies, vegetation, and built-up areas, with an overall accuracy of 93% and 98% for 2015 and 2022, respectively. Results indicate a significant expansion in built-up area in 2022, which is up to 43%, agriculture and vegetation area declined by 8%, waterbodies decreased by 41%, and desert area decreased by 2% when compared with 2015. The change detection approach revealed that agricultural land was directly encroached on by rapidly increasing built-up area and urbanization as the area had an overall 19% rise in population growth within eight years with an annual growth rate of more than 3%. This study will be helpful to assess the quantity of spatial and temporal changes in the desert ecosystem, which is usually ignored by policymakers and governments due to less economic activity, although it plays a huge role in biodiversity conservation and balancing the regional ecosystem.
Changes and Driving Forces of Urban–Agricultural–Ecological Space in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Xia Junnan , Hong Mengyao , Wei Wei
Published: May 2023

Optimizing the urban–agricultural–ecological space in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is integral to China’s sustainable land development and protection. Based on land use data from 2000 to 2020, this study identified the urban-agricultural-ecological space in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. It analyzed its changes and driving forces using the land use transfer matrix, the Dagum Gini coefficient, and GeoDetector. The results show that urban space has increased significantly over the past 20 years, agricultural space has decreased dramatically, and ecological space has remained stable. The transformation of agricultural space into urban space was the dominant type of space transformation, followed by a mutual transformation between agricultural and ecological spaces. Each transformation type exhibited significant spatial inequality within and between regions. Socioeconomic and natural conditions significantly impacted the spatial transformation, and all factors have an apparently interactive reinforcing effect. The research has enhanced the identification accuracy of urban–agricultural–ecological spaces, precisely illustrating the changes and driving forces of the land spatial pattern in the Yangtze River Economic Belt over the last two decades. It holds vital theoretical and practical implications for the optimization of China’s land spatial pattern.
The Spatial Mismatch between Tourism Resources and Economic Development in Mountainous Cities Impacted by Limited Highway Accessibility: A Typical Case Study of Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
Authors: Luo Maoyu , Li Jiaming , Wu Lingzhi , Wang Weiqin , Danzeng Zhuoga , Mima Lamu , Ma Renfeng
Published: May 2023

We studied the misalignment between tourism resources and economic development in mountainous cities in the context of limited highway network accessibility. Using Lhasa City as a case study, we illustrated how to evaluate tourism resources and economic development and how to improve tourism resources and promote economic development. The tourism resources possessed by tourism destinations are prerequisites for tourism activities. This study focuses on the coupling coordination relationship between the degree of superiority in tourism resources and the level of economic development in Lhasa City. Data from Lhasa City in 2010, 2015, and 2020 were compared to explore a way of optimizing the spatial pattern of tourism development. The results of this study are as follows. (1) As a typical mountainous area on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, the accessibility of Lhasa’s mountainous area largely influences the choice of tourist destinations and is also an important indicator for evaluating the degree of tourism resource superiority. (2) On the whole, the economic development of Lhasa City and the degree of tourism resource superiority is not coordinated, mainly in the low coupling coordination stage, and with the passage of time, the degree of coupling coordination gradually becomes weaker. (3) If a town has advantageous tourism resources with slow economic development, it is easy to fall into the “resource curse” dilemma. In addition, if a town has poor tourism resources, it will be reduced to an outflow area of population and resources after leaving the investment drive, and easy to fall into the dilemma of the “poverty trap”.
Land Use Structure Optimization and Ecological Benefit Evaluation in Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomeration Based on Carbon Neutrality
Authors: Wang Zhi , Zhang Fengwan , Liu Shaoquan , Xu Dingde
Published: May 2023

Optimizing land use structure in urban agglomerations is essential to mitigating climate change and achieving carbon neutrality. However, the studies on low-carbon (LC) land use in the urban agglomeration based on carbon neutrality are still limited and lack the consideration of the optimized land ecological benefits. To reduce land use carbon emissions (LUCEs) and improve the ecological benefits of urban agglomerations, we constructed the framework of land use structure optimization (LUSO) under carbon neutrality. Then, in view of land use quantity structure and spatial distribution, we compared the results of LUCEs and the ecological benefits of the Chengdu–Chongqing urban agglomeration (the CCUA) in 2030 under different scenarios. The results showed that in 2030, the LUCEs of the CCUA is 3481.6632 × 104 t under the carbon neutral scenario (CN_Scenario), which is significantly lower than the baseline scenario (BL_Scenario) and 2020. In the CN_Scenario, the land use/cover change (LUCC) in the CCUA is more moderate, the aggregation degree of the forestland (FL), grassland (GL), wetland (WL), and water (WTR) patch area deepens, and the overall landscape spreading degree is increased, which is more conducive to play the ecological benefit of carbon sink land. The results can provide a reference for the more efficient use of land resource areas and the formulation of land use and spatial planning.
CMR and Percutaneous Treatment of Pulmonary Regurgitation: Outreach the Search for the Best Candidate
Authors: Baessato Francesca , Ewert Peter , Meierhofer Christian
Published: May 2023

Performance of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in the planning phase of percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI) is needed for the accurate delineation of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), coronary anatomy and the quantification of right ventricular (RV) volume overload in patients with significant pulmonary regurgitation (PR). This helps to find the correct timings for the intervention and prevention of PPVI-related complications such as coronary artery compression, device embolization and stent fractures. A defined CMR study protocol should be set for all PPVI candidates to reduce acquisition times and acquire essential sequences that are determinants for PPVI success. For correct RVOT sizing, contrast-free whole-heart sequences, preferably at end-systole, should be adopted in the pediatric population thanks to their high reproducibility and concordance with invasive angiographic data. When CMR is not feasible or contraindicated, cardiac computed tomography (CCT) may be performed for high-resolution cardiac imaging and eventually the acquisition of complementary functional data. The aim of this review is to underline the role of CMR and advanced multimodality imaging in the context of pre-procedural planning of PPVI concerning its current and potential future applications.
Isotherm, Thermodynamic and Kinetic Studies of Elemental Sulfur Removal from Mineral Insulating Oils Using Highly Selective Adsorbent
Authors: Jankovic Jelena , Lukic Jelena , Kolarski Dejan , Veljović Djordje , Radovanović Željko , Dimitrijević Silvana
Published: May 2023

Elemental sulfur (S8) is a corrosive sulfur compound which was found to be extremely reactive to silver, causing intensive silver sulfide (Ag2S) deposition on on-load tap changer (OLTC) contacts in power transformers. A highly selective adsorbent (HSA), called Tesla’Ssorb, for the removal of S8 from mineral insulating oils was prepared from raw material (RM) using the novel procedure. In this study, the adsorption properties of HSA for the removal of S8 from the oil were determined. RM and HSA were characterized using various techniques, such as field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The performance of HSA was determined by adsorption equilibrium, thermodynamic, and kinetic study through batch experiments, at various temperatures and initial concentrations of S8. The obtained results were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms and it was found that equilibrium data were fitted better with the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity was 4.84 mg of S8/g of HSA at 353 K. Thermodynamic parameters, such as enthalpy (ΔH°), Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), and entropy (ΔS°), were calculated and it was found that the sorption process was spontaneous (ΔG° < 0) and endothermic in nature (ΔH° > 0). It was found that the adsorption of S8 follows pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the activation energy indicated the activated chemisorption process.
Output Feedback Control for Spacecraft Attitude System with Practical Predefined-Time Stability Based on Anti-Windup Compensator
Authors: Xuan-Mung Nguyen , Golestani Mehdi , Nguyen Huu Tiep , Nguyen Ngoc Anh , Fekih Afef
Published: May 2023

This paper investigates the problem of output feedback attitude control for rigid spacecraft subject to inertia matrix uncertainty, space disturbance, and input saturation. Firstly, a model transformation is adopted to convert an attitude system with immeasurable angular velocity into a new system. All states of the new converted system are measurable and available for feedback; however, the system contains mismatched uncertainty resulting from the coordinate transformation. Then, an adaptive nonsingular back-stepping control with practical predefined-time convergence is designed. To resolve the problem of input saturation, an anti-windup compensator is developed. It is analytically proved that the spacecraft attitude and angular velocity are practical predefined-time stable, such that the convergence time is a given tunable constant. The simulation results reveal that the proposed control framework provides rapid attitude maneuver and actuator saturation elimination.
Analysis, Evaluation and Reusability of Virtual Laboratory Software Based on Conceptual Modeling and Conformance Checking
Authors: Sypsas Athanasios , Kalles Dimitris
Published: May 2023

Virtual laboratories have been increasingly used in tertiary education for natural and applied sciences, especially due to the COVID pandemic, generating a substantial investment in corresponding software applications, including simulation experiments and procedures. However, it is expensive and time-consuming to analyze, understand, model and implement the virtual experiments, especially when it is necessary to create new ones from scratch, but also when they must be redesigned and addressed to an audience in a different educational setting. We use UML Activity Diagrams and Petri nets to model experimental procedures and then apply conformance checking to detect possible nonconformities between expected model behavior and actual model execution. As a result, we provide an estimation of the conceptual proximity between experiments performed in different educational settings using the same virtual laboratory software, assisting educators and developers in making informed decisions about software reuse and redesign by providing a systematic and formal way of evaluating software applicability. A virtual microscoping experiment was used as a case study for validation purposes. The results revealed that the specific virtual lab software can be ported, without modifications, from tertiary to secondary education, to achieve learning outcomes relevant to that education level, even though it was originally designed for a distance education university. The proposed framework has potential applications beyond virtual laboratories, as a general approach to process modeling and conformance checking to evaluate the similarity between the specification of experimental procedures and actual execution logs can be applied to various domains.
Fuzzy Mittag–Leffler–Hyers–Ulam–Rassias Stability of Stochastic Differential Equations
Authors: Chaharpashlou Reza , Saadati Reza , Lopes António M.
Published: May 2023

Stability is the most relevant property of dynamical systems. The stability of stochastic differential equations is a challenging and still open problem. In this article, using a fuzzy Mittag–Leffler function, we introduce a new fuzzy controller function to stabilize the stochastic differential equation (SDE) ν′(γ,μ)=Fγ,μ,ν(γ,μ). By adopting the fixed point technique, we are able to prove the fuzzy Mittag–Leffler–Hyers–Ulam–Rassias stability of the SDE.
An Axially Compressed Moving Nanobeam Based on the Nonlocal Couple Stress Theory and the Thermoelastic DPL Model
Authors: Abouelregal Ahmed E. , Askar S. S. , Marin Marin
Published: May 2023

This article introduces a new model that can be used to describe elastic thermal vibrations caused by changes in temperature in elastic nanobeams in response to transverse external excitations. Using the idea of nonlocal elasticity and the dual-phase lagging thermoelastic model (DPL), the coupled equations of motion and heat transfer were derived to explain small-scale effects. Additionally, modified couple stress theory (MCST) and Euler–Bernoulli (EB) beam assumptions were considered. The proposed theory was verified by considering the thermodynamic response of nanobeams moving horizontally at a constant speed while one end is subjected to a periodic thermal load. The system of governing equations has been solved numerically with the help of Laplace transforms and one of the tested evolutionary algorithms. The effects of changing the nonlocal modulus, the magnitude of the external force, and the length scale parameter on the system fields were investigated. It is also shown how the behavior of the thermal nanobeam changes depending on the phase delay factors in addition to the horizontal velocity of the beam. To determine this model’s accuracy, its results were compared with the results of the classical continuity model and thermoelastic concepts. The numerical results show that when the nanobeam moves, the length scale can change the studied thermal and mechanical vibration wave patterns and physical fields. Additionally, during thermally stimulated vibrations, thermodynamic effects that have implications for the dynamic design and performance improvement of nanostructures must be considered.
Blockchain-Based Information Sharing Security for the Internet of Things
Authors: Aljumah Abdullah , Ahanger Tariq Ahamed
Published: May 2023

The Blockchain (BCT) is the first decentralized ledger to include a trust mechanism in its design. It establishes a trustworthy framework for distributed commands by using data redundancy at several nodes. Conspicuously, the current study presents a BCT-based lightweight IoT information exchange security architecture for data exchange. The proposed technique uses a dual chain methodology, namely transaction and data BCT working together to provide distributed storage and tamper-proofing of data. Moreover, Transaction BCT is enhanced by a consensus algorithm using a practical Byzantine fault-tolerant (PBFT) mechanism. The proposed algorithm can increase data registering efficiency, transactions, and privacy protection BCT. It is deduced that local dominance can be avoided using the dynamic game strategy of node cooperation. Furthermore, by reporting the node’s global reputation value, the status of the unknown node may be approximated. The high-trust measure is utilized to adjust the weight of the affected node in the combined node-set, leading to the Bayesian equilibrium. The proposed model is validated in several experimental simulations and results are compared with state-of-the-art techniques. Based on the results, enhanced performance is registered for the proposed techniques in terms of temporal delay, statistical efficiency, reliability, and stability.
Adaptive Trajectory Tracking Algorithm for the Aerospace Vehicle Based on Improved T-MPSP
Authors: Ou Chao , Shan Chengjun , Cheng Zhongtao , Long Yaosong
Published: May 2023

To deal with the uncertainty and disturbance that exist in the tracking system of an aerospace vehicle, an adaptive trajectory-tracking method based on a novel tracking model predictive static programming (T-MPSP) is proposed. Firstly, to make the proposed method more adaptive to uncertain parameter deviations, an extended Kalman filter (EKF) parameter correction strategy is designed. Then, the control constraints are considered to form a novel T-MPSP algorithm. By combining the parameter correction strategy with the improved T-MPSP algorithm, a novel adaptive tracking guidance scheme is presented. Finally, simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Reliable Genetic Correlation Estimation via Multiple Sample Splitting and Smoothing
Authors: Mai The Tien
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we aim to investigate the problem of estimating the genetic correlation between two traits. Instead of making assumptions about the distribution of effect sizes of the genetic factors, we propose the use of a high-dimensional linear model to relate a trait to genetic factors. To estimate the genetic correlation, we develop a generic strategy that combines the use of sparse penalization methods and multiple sample splitting approaches. The final estimate is determined by taking the median of the calculations, resulting in a smoothed and reliable estimate. Through simulations, we demonstrate that our proposed approach is reliable and accurate in comparison to naive plug-in methods. To further illustrate the advantages of our method, we apply it to a real-world example of a bacterial GWAS dataset, specifically to estimate the genetic correlation between antibiotic resistant traits in Streptococus pneumoniae. This application not only validates the effectiveness of our method but also highlights its potential in real-world applications.
Correction: Komeda et al. Algebraic Construction of the Sigma Function for General Weierstrass Curves. Mathematics 2022, 10, 3010
Authors: Komeda Jiryo , Matsutani Shigeki , Previato Emma
Published: May 2023

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]
Some New Bounds for α-Adjacency Energy of Graphs
Authors: Zhang Haixia , Zhang Zhuolin
Published: May 2023

Let G be a graph with the adjacency matrix A(G), and let D(G) be the diagonal matrix of the degrees of G. Nikiforov first defined the matrix Aα(G) as Aα(G)=αD(G)+(1−α)A(G), 0≤α≤1, which shed new light on A(G) and Q(G)=D(G)+A(G), and yielded some surprises. The α−adjacency energy EAα(G) of G is a new invariant that is calculated from the eigenvalues of Aα(G). In this work, by combining matrix theory and the graph structure properties, we provide some upper and lower bounds for EAα(G) in terms of graph parameters (the order n, the edge size m, etc.) and characterize the corresponding extremal graphs. In addition, we obtain some relations between EAα(G) and other energies such as the energy E(G). Some results can be applied to appropriately estimate the α-adjacency energy using some given graph parameters rather than by performing some tedious calculations.
Risk Analysis and Estimation of a Bimodal Heavy-Tailed Burr XII Model in Insurance Data: Exploring Multiple Methods and Applications
Authors: Yousof Haitham M. , Ansari S. I. , Tashkandy Yusra , Emam Walid , Ali M. Masoom , Ibrahim Mohamed , Alkhayyat Salwa L.
Published: May 2023

Actuarial risks can be analyzed using heavy-tailed distributions, which provide adequate risk assessment. Key risk indicators, such as value-at-risk, tailed-value-at-risk (conditional tail expectation), tailed-variance, tailed-mean-variance, and mean excess loss function, are commonly used to evaluate risk exposure levels. In this study, we analyze actuarial risks using these five indicators, calculated using four different estimation methods: maximum likelihood, ordinary least square, weighted least square, and Cramer-Von-Mises. To achieve our main goal, we introduce and study a new distribution. Monte Carlo simulations are used to assess the performance of all estimation methods. We provide two real-life datasets with two applications to compare the classical methods and demonstrate the importance of the proposed model, evaluated via the maximum likelihood method. Finally, we evaluate and analyze actuarial risks using the abovementioned methods and five actuarial indicators based on bimodal insurance claim payments data.
Mathematical Foundations for Modeling a Zero-Carbon Electric Power System in Terms of Sustainability
Authors: Alabugin Anatoliy , Osintsev Konstantin , Aliukov Sergei , Almetova Zlata , Bolkov Yaroslav
Published: May 2023

This article substantiates the relevance of mathematical methods and models for studying the management of the factorial parameters of regulating the decarbonization of regions of the Russian Federation. We present methods for the mathematical modeling of greenhouse gas emissions and for approximating functions for the study of processes in the thermal power industry and the economy. New models and methods are shown to increase the efficiency of designing electric power systems (EPSs). We establish that diverse companies must interact with institutions of education and science to achieve the main results of the study. This is achieved, firstly, by creating an EPS with a target of a zero-carbon footprint. Mathematical models of greenhouse gas emissions can be used to support this goal. We developed ways to account for carbon oxides and water streams. Stable interactions between systems in the innovation cycles of enterprises are ensured by methods combining a number of properties of the regulation of decarbonization. We describe methods to mathematically model greenhouse gas emissions and to approximate functions in the study of processes in the thermal power industry and economics. New research methods and techniques are proved to increase the efficiency of designing an EPS and can be used to reduce emissions. Digital twins should be modeled according to assessments on ensuring the stability of the balance area, with the goals of developing the EPS. Secondly, we substantiate methods for displaying singular processes of improving the balance of enterprise goals while coordinating the impact on the efficiency of standard and additional management functions. We additionally developed quality parameters for the use of additional functions in the foresight control of decarbonization goals. Thirdly, factorial parameters of additional control and regulation functions are implemented via a special system of technical accounting. This formed a big data database of new environmental quality and quality management indicators in the regulatory structure of industrial enterprises in the EPS. Additional functions of integration, combination, and acceleration of the impact of industrial enterprise quality indicators are organized on a digital platform to predict and plan indicators of integration and combination of these resources using neural networks.
Effect of Glue, Thiourea, and Chloride on the Electrochemical Reduction in CuSO4–H2SO4 Solutions
Authors: Nevárez-Llamas Érika D. , Araneda-Hernández Eugenia A. , Parra-Sánchez Víctor R. , Villagrán-Guerra Eduardo A.
Published: May 2023

The effect of glue, thiourea, and chloride on the kinetics of copper reduction in CuSO4–H2SO4 solutions of copper composition, and temperatures like those used in the copper electrorefining plants, were studied. The kinetic study was conducted by determining the kinetic parameters i0 and β under the activation control of the Tafel approximation, which is applied to polarization curves obtained via linear voltammetry. The results show that the incorporation of glue and thiourea decreases the exchange current density, while chloride does not significantly affect the kinetic parameters. The data on the fraction of the surface covered by glue and thiourea fitted to the Temkin adsorption isotherm indicate that the mechanism of action during the reduction of copper to low overpotentials is the adsorption of these additives on the electrode surface. The adsorption of additives reduces the cathodic area available for Cu2+ adsorption and lateral diffusion of Cu atoms to continue the reduction process and the growth of the crystalline deposit. The kinetic study was complemented with a comprehensive analysis of the effect of the additives on the morphological and textural characteristics of the deposits. The results of this work contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms of the main additives used during the copper electrorefining process.
Influence of the Duration and Temperature of the Al-Fin Process for the Cast Iron Insert on the Microstructure of the Bimetallic Joint Obtained in the Piston Casting Process
Authors: Szwajka Krzysztof , Zielińska-Szwajka Joanna , Trzepieciński Tomasz
Published: May 2023

The aim of this work was to determine the effect of the duration and temperature of the Al-Fin process for casting the bimetallic joint on the formation of the metallurgical bond between the AlSi9 aluminium alloy piston and the cast iron insert. Knowledge about the formation of individual bonding layers has a direct impact on the bonding strength between the aluminium alloy and the EN-GJLA-XNiCuCr15-6-2 austenitic cast iron ring. In the performed tests, the Al-Fin casting process was carried out for different temperatures of the liquid AlSi9 alloy. The temperature of the AlSi9 aluminium alloy varied in the range 700–950 °C in steps of 50 °C. The duration of the Al-Fin process ranged from 1 to 10 min. An optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope were used to study the microstructure of the bimetallic joints. The analysis of the microstructure of the bimetallic bond showed that characteristic layers are formed between the aluminium alloy piston and the cast iron insert: a transition layer, in which iron and aluminium atoms from both joined materials are mixed, and a diffusion layer, in which aluminium and silicon atoms penetrate the surface layer of the joined metals. The thickness of the intermetallic diffusion layer formed between the aluminium alloy and the cast iron insert is thinner and does not depend on the heating time of the aluminium insert in the bath. However, there is a significant effect of both the annealing time and the temperature of the AlSi9 aluminium alloy on the thickness of the transition zone.
β-Lactamase Genes without Limits
Authors: Naas Thierry , Dabos Laura , Bonnin Rémy A.
Published: May 2023

β-Lactams are among the most prescribed antibiotics worldwide, mainly due to their weak toxicity and good efficacy [...]
Atypical Cutaneous Viral Infections Reveal an Inborn Error of Immunity in 8 Patients
Authors: El Kettani Assiya , Ailal Fatima , Marnissi Farida , Hali Fouzia , El Bakkouri Jalila , Benhsaien Ibtihal , Le Voyer Tom , Guèye Mame Sokhna , Chevalier Rémi , Chiheb Soumiya , Zerouali Khalid , Jouanguy Emmanuelle , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Bousfiha Ahmed Aziz
Published: May 2023

Unusual viral skin infections might be the first clinical manifestation in children with an inborn error of immunity (IEI). We performed a prospective study from 1 October 2017 to 30 September 2021, at the Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Clinical Immunity of Ibn Rochd University Hospital-Casablanca. During this period, on 591 patients newly diagnosed with a probable IEI, eight of them (1.3%), from six independent families, had isolated or syndromic unusual viral skin infections, which were either profuse, chronic or recurrent infections, and resistant to any treatment. The median age of disease onset was nine years old and all patients were born from a first-degree consanguineous marriage. By combining clinical, immunological and genetic investigations, we identified GATA2 deficiency in one patient with recalcitrant profuse verrucous lesions and monocytopenia (1/8) and STK4 deficiency in two families with HPV lesions, either flat or common warts, and lymphopenia (2/8), as previously reported. We also identified COPA deficiency in twin sisters with chronic profuse Molluscum contagiosum lesions, pulmonary diseases and microcytic hypochromic anemia (2/8). Finally, we also found one patient with chronic profuse MC lesions and hyper IgE syndrome, (1/8) and two patients with either recalcitrant profuse verrucous lesions or recurrent post-herpetic erythema multiforme and a combined immunodeficiency (2/8) with no genetic defect identified yet. Raising clinicians awareness that infectious skin diseases might be the consequence of an inborn error of immunity would allow for optimized diagnosis, prevention and treatment of patients and their families.
Gut Microbiota Crosstalk with Resident Macrophages and Their Role in Invasive Amebic Colitis and Giardiasis—Review
Authors: Xaplanteri Panagiota , Rodis Nikiforos , Potsios Charalampos
Published: May 2023

The innate immune response is highly dependent on the action of macrophages. They are abundant in the intestine subepithelial lamina propria of the mucosa, where they deploy multiple tasks and play a critical role. The balance between the gut microbiota and M2 macrophages is critical for gut health and homeostasis. Gut microbiota has the power to change macrophage phenotype and replenish the resident macrophage niche during and post infection. As far as the extracellular enteric parasitic infections invasive amebic colitis and giardiasis are concerned, a change of macrophages phenotype to a pro-inflammatory state is dependent on direct contact of the protozoan parasites with host cells. Macrophages induce strong pro-inflammatory response by inflammasome activation and secretion of interleukin IL-1β. Inflammasomes play a key role in the response to cellular stress and microbe attacks. The balance between gut mucosal homeostasis and infection is dependent on the crosstalk between microbiota and resident macrophages. Parasitic infections involve NLRP1 and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. For Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia duodenalis infections, inflammasome NLRP3 activation is crucial to promote the host defenses. More studies are needed to further elucidate possible therapeutic and protective strategies against these protozoan enteric parasites’ invasive infections in humans.
Special Issue “Advances in Monitoring Metabolic Activities of Microorganisms by Calorimetry”
Authors: Matulis Daumantas , Wadsö Lars , Fahmy Karim
Published: May 2023

In recent decades, the calorimetric monitoring of microbial metabolism, i [...]
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Induces AD-like Neurodegeneration Markers in Human Progenitor and Differentiated ReNcell VM Cells
Authors: Salgado Blanca , Sastre Isabel , Bullido Maria J. , Aldudo Jesus
Published: May 2023

An increasing body of evidence strongly suggests that infections or reactivations of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) may be closely linked to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Promising results have been obtained using cell and animal models of HSV-1 infection, contributing to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms linking HSV-1 infection and AD neurodegeneration. ReNcell VM is a human neural stem cell line that has been used as a model system to study the impact of various infectious agents on the central nervous system. In this study, we demonstrate the suitability of the ReNcell VM cell line for developing a new in vitro model of HSV-1 infection. By following standard differentiation protocols, we were able to derive various nervous cell types, including neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, from neural precursors. Additionally, we demonstrated the susceptibility of ReNcell VM cells, including precursor and differentiated cells, to HSV-1 infection and subsequent viral-induced AD-like neurodegeneration. Our findings support the use of this cell line to generate a new research platform for investigating AD neuropathology and its most significant risk factors, which may lead to important discoveries in the context of this highly impactful disease.
A Computational First Principle Examination of the Elastic, Optical, Structural and Electronic Properties of AlRF3 (R = N, P) Fluoroperovskites Compounds
Authors: Pasha Amjad Ali , Khan Hukam , Sohail Mohammad , Rahman Nasir , Khan Rajwali , Ullah Asad , Khan Abid Ali , Khan Aurangzeb , Casini Ryan , Alataway Abed , Dewidar Ahmed Z. , Elansary Hosam O.
Published: May 2023

This work describes an ab initio principle computational examination of the optical, structural, elastic, electronic and mechanical characteristics of aluminum-based compounds AlRF3 (R = N, P) halide-perovskites. For optimization purposes, we used the Birch–Murnaghan equation of state and discovered that the compounds AlNF3 and AlPF3 are both structurally stable. The IRelast software was used to compute elastic constants (ECs) of the elastic properties. The aforementioned compounds are stable mechanically. They exhibit strong resistance to plastic strain, possess ductile nature and anisotropic behavior and are scratch-resistant. The modified Becke–Johnson (Tb-mBJ) approximation was adopted to compute various physical properties, revealing that AlNF3 and AlPF3 are both metals in nature. From the density of states, the support of various electronic states in the band structures are explained. Other various optical characteristics have been calculated from the investigations of the band gap energy of the aforementioned compounds. These compounds absorb a significant amount of energy at high levels. At low energy levels, the compound AlNF3 is transparent to incoming photons, whereas the compound AlPF3 is somewhat opaque. The examination of the visual details led us to the deduction that the compounds AlNF3 and AlPF3 may be used in making ultraviolet devices based on high frequency. This computational effort is being made for the first time in order to investigate the aforementioned properties of these chemicals, which have yet to be confirmed experimentally.
Bismuth-Decorated Honeycomb-like Carbon Nanofibers: An Active Electrocatalyst for the Construction of a Sensitive Nitrite Sensor
Authors: Wang Fengyi , Li Ye , Yan Chenglu , Ma Qiuting , Yang Xiaofeng , Peng Huaqiao , Wang Huiyong , Du Juan , Zheng Baozhan , Guo Yong
Published: May 2023

The existence of carcinogenic nitrites in food and the natural environment has attracted much attention. Therefore, it is still urgent and necessary to develop nitrite sensors with higher sensitivity and selectivity and expand their applications in daily life to protect human health and environmental safety. Herein, one-dimensional honeycomb-like carbon nanofibers (HCNFs) were synthesized with electrospun technology, and their specific structure enabled controlled growth and highly dispersed bismuth nanoparticles (Bi NPs) on their surface, which endowed the obtained Bi/HCNFs with excellent electrocatalytic activity towards nitrite oxidation. By modifying Bi/HCNFs on the screen-printed electrode, the constructed Bi/HCNFs electrode (Bi/HCNFs-SPE) can be used for nitrite detection in one drop of solution, and exhibits higher sensitivity (1269.9 μA mM−1 cm−2) in a wide range of 0.1~800 μM with a lower detection limit (19 nM). Impressively, the Bi/HCNFs-SPE has been successfully used for nitrite detection in food and environment samples, and the satisfactory properties and recovery indicate its feasibility for further practical applications.
Novel Derivatives of Eugenol as a New Class of PPARγ Agonists in Treating Inflammation: Design, Synthesis, SAR Analysis and In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity
Authors: Anjum Noor Fathima , Shanmugarajan Dhivya , Prashantha Kumar B. R. , Faizan Syed , Durai Priya , Raju Ruby Mariam , Javid Saleem , Purohit Madhusudan N.
Published: May 2023

The main objective of this research was to develop novel compounds from readily accessed natural products especially eugenol with potential biological activity. Eugenol, the principal chemical constituent of clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) from the family Myrtaceae is renowned for its pharmacological properties, which include analgesic, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. According to reports, PPARγ regulates inflammatory reactions. The synthesized compounds were structurally analyzed using FT-IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and mass spectroscopy techniques. Molecular docking was performed to analyze binding free energy and important amino acids involved in the interaction between synthesized derivatives and the target protein. The development of the structure–activity relationship is based on computational studies. Additionally, the stability of the best-docked protein–ligand complexes was assessed using molecular dynamic modeling. The in-vitro PPARγ competitive binding Lanthascreen TR-FRET assay was used to confirm the affinity of compounds to the target protein. All the synthesized derivatives were evaluated for an in vitro anti-inflammatory activity using an albumin denaturation assay and HRBC membrane stabilization at varying concentrations from 6.25 to 400 µM. In this background, with the aid of computational research, we were able to design six novel derivatives of eugenol synthesized, analyzed, and utilized TR-FRET competitive binding assay to screen them for their ability to bind PPARγ. Anti-inflammatory activity evaluation through in vitro albumin denaturation and HRBC method revealed that 1f exhibits maximum inhibition of heat-induced albumin denaturation at 50% and 85% protection against HRBC lysis at 200 and 400 µM, respectively. Overall, we found novel derivatives of eugenol that could potentially reduce inflammation by PPARγ agonism.
Team Success: A Mixed Methods Approach to Evaluating Virtual Team Leadership Behaviors
Authors: Sanchez Diana R. , Rueda Amanda , Zimman Hana R. , Haydon Reese , Diaz Daniel , Kawasaki Kentaro
Published: May 2023

The virtuality of organizational teams have gained interest and popularity in recent years, and have become more prevalent amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Organizational productivity and team relationship-building may suffer certain pitfalls in virtual communication and support without the understanding of the dynamics of short-term, project-based virtual teams. The manuscript aimed to expand what is currently known about short-term virtual team dynamics related to types of effective leadership behaviors. The present study employed a mixed method approach to understanding the dynamics of these teams at both the individual and team level. Small teams were formed and instructed to collaborate on a virtual survival task. Team-related outcomes were measured at the individual level, such as team coordination, team support, and team success. Additionally, distinct latent profiles of leadership behaviors were developed and analyzed at the team level. Team support, more so than team coordination, significantly predicted team success at the individual level, with instrumental support having the strongest effect. Distinct leadership behaviors emerged in teams and were classified through a latent profile analysis, but none of the profiles were significantly related to team performance scores. Demonstrating instrumental support in short-term virtual teams may improve team success. It is important to understand that distinct leadership behaviors exist and future research should explore the impact of these leadership behaviors on other team-related outcomes.