bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is maternal labor market re-entry after childbirth facilitated by mothers’ and partners’ flextime?
Authors: Lott Yvonne
Published: June 2019

How do national-level work–life balance policies shape the role of flextime in maternal labor market re-entry after childbirth? It is well known that such policies influence the adoption, provision, and support of flexible work arrangements by organizations, but whether they shape the relevance of these arrangements for workers has been neglected in past research. This article analyzes whether mothers’ and partners’ flextime facilitates maternal labor market re-entry after childbirth in Germany, where family policy reforms have been implemented in the last two decades. Event history analysis based on German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) data from the years 2003–2013 revealed that mothers were more likely to re-enter the labor market if they had used flextime before childbirth. However, this effect existed only before the implementation of family policy reforms, namely the introduction of parental leave in 2007 and the expansion of public childcare. Moreover, the use of flextime before childbirth did not encourage mothers to maintain previous work hours (the legal right to work part time has existed in Germany since 2001). Partners’ use of flextime before childbirth was found to be less relevant for mothers’ return to work after childbirth. The analysis indicates that generous national-level work–life balance policies can diminish the effectiveness of organizational work–life balance policies for mothers’ employment behavior.
Extracting fiber length distributions from dual-beard fibrographs with the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm
Authors: Zhou Jinfeng , Wang Jingan , Wei Jinliang , Xu Bugao
Published: June 2019

Fiber length is a critical cotton fiber property that impacts yarn strength, yarn evenness, and ultimately fabric strength and appearance. In this paper, a new fiber fibrograph method was presented for accurate measurements of fiber length distributions (FLDs). The method, called the dual-beard fibrograph (DBF), was based on the transmission image of a combed sample with two tapered fiber ends/beards, and the approximation of the fibrograph with a series of triangular base functions. A desktop scanner was used to generate the transmission image of a dual-beard sample, and essential image-processing algorithms were utilized to mitigate image differences originating from variations in the scanning condition (e.g., brightness, resolution) and the sample condition (e.g., weight, orientation). The fibrograph approximation was implemented by minimizing a cost function that contains the sum of squared errors between the DBF and the ensemble of the weighted triangular base functions, and the regularization term that stabilizes the optimization with the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. The minimization eventually determined the optimal weights of the triangular base functions, which defined the FLDs of the scanned image. Important length measurements currently used in the industry can be easily calculated from the FLD. It was found that the DBF could correctly detect fiber lengths cut from 5 to 10 mm, respectively, and it could measure the short fiber content change after a known number of short fibers was added to an existing sample. When compared with an existing fiber testing instrument, the DBF was able to output more reasonable cotton length distributions.
Problems with perfect-looking two-needle decorative seams in the manufacture of leather car seat covers
Authors: Zelova Katarina , Glombikova Viera , Havelka Antonin
Published: June 2019

This study objectively evaluates the uneven appearance of the two-needle decorative seams of leather seat covers. The investigation is based on both measurement of the stitch slant angle by image analysis and measurement of the penetration force influenced by different cutting points of the needles. To record the unevenness the new parameter, the difference of the stitch slant between the right- and left-hand sides of the seam was evaluated. Further, the interrelation ship among penetration force differences of the stitch slant and type of needle point was searched for to meet the requirements of car producers for a perfect appearance of decorative seams. The degree of uneven seam was measured within subjective visual evaluation, too. Four natural and two artificial leathers were tested. A combination of two threads and four needle points was applied to the tested leathers. It was confirmed that the uneven appearance was influenced by the type of leather, the point of the sewing needle and by the sewing thread. The selection of the needle point influenced the size of the force required for penetrating the leather. It was determined only in half of the cases that the smaller the force of penetration, the more even the appearance of the decorative seam. In most cases, using the cutting point LR, the left seam looked less slanted than the right one. Conversely, when using the cutting point for straight stitch appearance, that is, DH, the left stitch looked straighter than the right one. The causal link between the new parameter Δβ and the suitability of the applied needles and threads for leather materials was found.
“We Have to Empower Ourselves to Make Changes!”: Developing Collective Capacity for Transformative Change Through an Urban Student Voice Experience
Authors: Salisbury Jason D. , Sheth Manali J. , Spikes Daniel , Graeber Amber
Published: June 2019

This research examines how a student voice experience—Social Justice Youth Summit—developed youth capacities as transformative school leaders. We engaged a youth development framework situated in school- and community-based youth leadership literature to analyze a diverse group of urban youth’s experiences and sensemaking of the youth voice experience. Findings illuminate that ways in which youth reciprocally developed individual and collective senses of belonging, competence, and agency toward transformative leadership. Our discussion highlights the importance of urban youth engaging across differences to develop a coalition that addressed multiple systems of oppression manifesting in urban spaces.
The diplomacy of post-Soviet de facto states: ontological security under stigma
Authors: Pacher Andreas
Published: June 2019

Why do post-Soviet de facto states (such as Abkhazia and South Ossetia) regularly interact with remote Pacific islands or Latin American countries, even though they are not bound by any meaningful political, economic or military ties? This article argues that the diplomatic relationship management amounts to a strategy of external legitimacy-building through stigma rejection and ontological security-attainment. This diplomatic practice creates positively tinged social affiliations, whereby the unrecognized entities aim to have their identity as ‘normal’ states affirmed. It renders the international society’s stigma ineffective, thus facilitating a potential exit from the stigma. By illuminating the performative aspects behind the de facto states’ quest for recognition, this article uncovers the de facto states’ agency and analytically emancipates them from the structural factor of ‘Russia-as-a-great-power’. It also contributes to the literature of ontological security by highlighting how positive (rather than conflictual) relationships, and how transformed (rather than stable) identities can be conducive to its attainment. This article generally highlights the need to analyse de facto states’ foreign relations more holistically than previously done.
Reporting Hate Comments: Investigating the Effects of Deviance Characteristics, Neutralization Strategies, and Users’ Moral Orientation
Authors: Wilhelm Claudia , Joeckel Sven , Ziegler Isabell
Published: June 2019

Norm violations in comments on social networking sites have raised concerns about the climate of political discourse. In this article, we analyze how comment characteristics and neutralization techniques in potential hate speech comments influence users’ ascription of deviance by reporting negative comments about refugees. We focus on the type of norm violation, subtlety, type of victim, and justifications as comment characteristics. Moreover, we examine the influence of descriptive and injunctive norms on reporting behavior of potential hate comments. Here, we focus on individual’s moral orientation and the perceived level of peer deviance. Results of an online survey ( n = 457) that included a choice-based conjoint design suggest that incitements for violence and direct offenses are more likely to be reported than other types of norm violation and indirect offenses. Moral foundations, indicative of liberal political orientations, fostered reporting behavior, but conservative orientations reduced reporting behavior.
Reading and Writing Interventions for Students with and at Risk for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders: An Introduction
Authors: Lane Kathleen Lynne , Menzies Holly Mariah
Published: June 2019

In this article, we introduce the focus of this special issue. We begin by establishing the importance of meeting the instructional needs of students with and at risk for emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD), with an emphasis on improving their reading and writing skills within (and beyond) the context of three-tier models of prevention. Then, we provide a brief introduction to the articles constituting the special issue: those intended to update the field and the one intended to inspire future research into the instructional needs of students with EBD.
A Descriptive, Multiyear Examination of Positive Behavior Support
Authors: Dunlap Glen , Carr Edward G. , Horner Robert H. , Koegel Robert L. , Sailor Wayne , Clarke Shelley , Koegel Lynn Kern , Albin Richard W. , Vaughn Bobbie J. , McLaughlin Darlene Magito , James Kim Mullen , Todd Anne W. , Newton J. Stephen , Lucyshyn Joseph , Griggs Peter , Bohanon Hank , Choi Jeong Hoon , Vismara Laurie , Minjarez Mendy Boettcher , Buschbacher Pamelazita , Fox Lise
Published: June 2019

A major goal of positive behavior support (PBS) is to produce broad-based, long-term improvements in adaptive behavior; however, the empirical base, at present, is mainly composed of relatively short-term studies carried out in circumscribed contexts. Therefore, a need exists for reliable data that can inform the field regarding the comprehensive lifestyle effects of PBS implementation in natural community contexts over extended periods of time. The current investigation was conducted to provide a descriptive analysis of PBS with diverse participants and broad measurement strategies over multiple years. Using extensive data portfolios for 21 participants, we employed rating scales to quantify changes in key variables from baseline through 2 years of intervention. The data revealed variable levels of intervention integrity, generalized reductions in problem behavior with occasional relapses, and encouraging enhancements across six domains of quality of life. This study represents an initial attempt to understand the processes and outcomes of behavioral support by documenting behavioral patterns across full days, entire years, and all environments. We discuss the need to consider new conceptual and methodological frameworks for further study of efficacious and sustainable behavior support.
An Examination of 35 Years of Behavioral Disorders: What, How, and Who Has Been Published
Authors: Gage Nicholas A. , Lewis Timothy J. , Adamson Reesha M.
Published: June 2019

With this issue, the Council for Children with Behavioral Disorders marks 35 years of publishing Behavioral Disorders. The journal has chronicled an historic time in the field of emotional/behavioral disorders (EBD) with its first volume appearing around the passage of P.L. 94-142 and maturing into the lead journal in the field representing thousands of dedicated educators, related professionals, advocates, and children and youth with EBD and their families. This article provides a review and summary of all previous issue of Behavioral Disorders, volume 1(1) to 34(4), focusing on key trends of what has been published over the past 3½ decades. Implications for the journal and EBD field are discussed throughout.
Self-Monitoring Interventions for At-Risk Middle School Students: The Importance of considering Function
Authors: Briere Donald E. , Simonsen Brandi
Published: June 2019

Self-monitoring is a popular, efficient, and effective intervention that is associated with improved academic and social behavior for students across age and ability levels. To date, this is the first study to directly compare the outcomes of self-monitoring functionally relevant and nonrelevant replacement behaviors. Specifically, we used an experimental single-subject reversal design, with counterbalanced condition order, to document the relationship between types of self-monitoring (functionally relevant vs. nonrelevant) and off-task behavior for 2 at-risk middle school students. Across both participants, levels of off-task behavior were lower when a functionally relevant intervention was implemented than when a functionally nonrelevant intervention was implemented. Implications and limitations are discussed.
Academic and Behavioral Trajectories for At-Risk Adolescents in Urban Schools
Authors: Montague Marjorie , Enders Craig , Cavendish Wendy , Castro Marcelo
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this longitudinal study was twofold: (a) to investigate academic, behavioral, and emotional outcomes for adolescents who were followed longitudinally from middle through high school and (b) to determine if early assessment of achievement and behavior predicts academic and behavioral outcomes for adolescents who were identified as at risk for developing emotional and behavioral problems when they were in primary school. Teacher ratings and student self-reports suggested that the behavioral and emotional symptoms for this school-based sample of predominately minority adolescents (n = 212, 91% African American and/or Hispanic, 45% boys, 55% girls) decreased across time, although there was significant variability for individuals. The at-risk students in special education had significantly higher self-ratings of emotional problems than the other groups and viewed school more negatively. Assessment of reading and math achievement and teacher ratings of behavior in primary school predicted achievement and behavior through middle and high school for at-risk students. Results have implications for early identification, prevention/intervention programs, and transition planning for children and youth at risk for developing problem behaviors.
Relational risk management in a Psychologically Informed Planned Environment (PIPE) approved premises
Authors: Chapman-Gibbs Petra , Mannix Karyn , Harvey David
Published: June 2019

Psychologically Informed Planned Environments (PIPEs) have been developed as part of the Offender Personality Disorder Strategy ( Department of Health, 2011 ). The Yorkshire and Humberside Personality Disorder Partnership (YHPDP) supports the delivery of this strategy at a local level, which includes two PIPE Approved Premises (AP). We have found that one of the most challenging and important aspects of running a PIPE AP has been responding to rule-breaking in a psychologically-informed manner. This paper describes a stepped and structured framework which we developed for managing boundary violations that is in line with the PIPE ethos.
Comparison of Three Measures of Shared Decision Making: SDM Process_4, CollaboRATE, and SURE Scales
Authors: Brodney Suzanne , Fowler Floyd J. , Barry Michael J. , Chang Yuchiao , Sepucha Karen
Published: June 2019

Objective. If shared decision making (SDM) is to be part of quality assessment, it is necessary to have good measures of SDM. The purpose of this study is to compare the psychometric performance of 3 short patient-reported measures of SDM. Methods. Patients who met with a specialist to discuss possible surgery for hip or knee osteoarthritis (hips/knees), lumbar herniated disc, or lumbar spinal stenosis (backs) were surveyed shortly after the visit and again 6 months later. Some of the patients saw a patient decision aid (PDA) prior to the meeting. The 3 SDM measures were the SDM Process_4 (SDMP) survey, CollaboRATE, and SURE scale. The follow-up survey included measures of decision regret, satisfaction, and decision quality. Results. Patients in the sample ( N = 649) had a mean age of 63.3 years, 51% were female, 60% were college educated, and there were more hip/knee patients than back patients (69% v. 31%). Forty-nine percent had surgery. For hips/knees, the SDMP and SURE scores were significantly associated with viewing all of the PDA compared with those who did not ( P < 0.001), but not for CollaboRATE ( P = 0.35). For backs, none of the scores were significantly associated with viewing all the PDA. All 3 scores were significantly associated with less regret and higher satisfaction ( P < 0.001) for hips/knees. For backs, only SURE and CollaboRATE were significantly associated with less regret, and only SDMP was significantly associated with higher satisfaction. For hips/knees and backs, the SDMP and SURE scales were significantly associated with an informed patient-centered decision ( P < 0.001), but this relationship was not significant for CollaboRATE (hips/knees: P = 0.24; backs: P = 0.25). Discussion. Each measure has some evidence of validity. SURE and SDMP better discriminate the use of PDAs and have higher decision quality.
Imaging findings of pulmonary edema: Part 1. Cardiogenic pulmonary edema and acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Tsuchiya Nanae , Griffin Lindsay , Yabuuchi Hidetake , Kawanami Satoshi , Shinzato Jintetsu , Murayama Sadayuki
Published: June 2019

Pulmonary edema has many causes; differentiating between these conditions is important. The purpose of this review article is to describe the pathophysiology of pulmonary edema, thereby explaining the imaging findings that differentiate between etiologies. Chest computed tomography provides details on the physiological response and the changes in the anatomical structures of pulmonary edema. An understanding of the pathophysiology underlying the imaging findings facilitates the correct identification of the cause of pulmonary edema.
Pretrial Detainees, Sentenced Prisoners, and Treatment Motivation
Authors: Weinrath Michael , Carrington Jillian , Tess Caroline
Published: June 2019

A dilemma for corrections practitioners is treatment for pretrial detainees. They are innocent until proven guilty and are not required to take treatment, but many may benefit from intervention. To assess the general level of treatment interest and potential differences, a sample of 221 male remand and sentenced Canadian provincial prisoners completed several Client Evaluation of Self and Treatment (CEST) scales. Prisoner treatment motivation and its correlates were assessed by examining univariate, bivariate, and multivariate effects for demographic attributes, legal factors, risk, perceptions of personal/family/pressure for treatment, and depression. It was found that about 36% to 40% of study subjects expressed moderate to strong motivation for treatment. Age, pressure, and depression were the only correlates consistently associated with treatment motivation. There were no differences found between remand and sentenced prisoners. Results indicated that pretrial detainees have a definite interest in undertaking programming.
Bid-Based Priority Signal Control in a Connected Environment: Concept
Authors: Iio Kentaro , Zhang Yunlong , Quadrifoglio Luca
Published: June 2019

Though the loss of time is considered equivalent to opportunity loss, little research has been conducted in the field of signal control that accounts for individual differences in subjective opportunity loss. Because bids reflect the subjective valuation of opportunity loss, this paper introduces the concept of a bid-based priority signal control that accommodates indeterministic characteristics of queue formation in a connected environment and addresses several key elements of such a concept. Within this conception, drivers can bid for their desired signal indication. Based on these bids, an algorithm extends a green interval as long as the cumulative opportunity loss observed in stopped movements remains less than the value that would be lost through the termination of that green interval. The effects of this new type of control on user benefit and queueing delay were assessed using the asymmetric simple exclusion process. Simulation results showed that the bid-based priority signal control produced a greater subjective user benefit when measured in relation to a pre-timed control with a similar green interval. In addition, the bid-based priority signal kept the average maximum queue length relatively equal to its pre-timed equivalent. The bid-based priority signal control also balanced out the expected values of user benefit in conflicting movements. Bid-based signal priority control was recommended for further study to investigate the effects of bidding distributions on effectiveness and queue length in high-fidelity microsimulations.
Estimation of Denied Boarding in Urban Rail Systems: Alternative Formulations and Comparative Analysis
Authors: Ma Zhenliang , Koutsopoulos Haris N. , Chen Yunqing , Wilson Nigel H. M.
Published: June 2019

Monitoring rail transit system performance is important for effective operations planning. The number of times passengers are denied boarding is becoming a key measure of the impact of near-capacity operations on customers and is fundamental for calculating other performance metrics, such as expected waiting time for service. This paper reviews existing methods and proposes a denied boarding probability distribution inference method for closed Automated Fare Collection (AFC) urban rail systems. Using AFC (tap-in and tap-out) and Automated Vehicle Location (AVL) data, the method relaxes some of the limitations of existing approaches. The problem is modeled using a mixture distribution framework that incorporates a priori structural information. It is data-driven and requires neither observations of denied boardings, nor assumptions about access/egress time distributions. Also, for comparison purposes, the paper presents an event-based deterministic transit assignment model with explicit capacity constraints. While the network assignment works at the network level and requires train capacity, the mixture model works at the station level, requires no external parameters, and can be easily applied to any station and for any time period. A case study illustrates the application of the proposed methods using actual data and compares the results against existing methods, and also survey data. The results demonstrate the mixture model’s robustness and applicability for monitoring denied boarding.
The Impact of State-Owned Enterprises on China’s Economic Growth
Authors: Qi Hao , Kotz David M.
Published: June 2019

This paper considers the impact of state-owned enterprises on economic growth in China. We consider several possible channels through which state-owned enterprises might play a pro-growth role: first, stabilizing growth in economic downturns by carrying out massive investments; second, promoting technical progress by investing in riskier areas of technology; third, by following a high-road approach to treating workers by paying a living wage which is favorable for China to move toward a more sustainable growth model in the future. Our empirical analysis finds that a higher share of state-owned enterprises is favorable to long-run growth and tends to offset the adverse effect of economic downturns on the regional level.

JEL Classification: E11, O47, P31
Global Environmentalism and the World-System: A Cross-National Analysis of Air Pollution
Authors: Mejia Steven Andrew
Published: June 2019

Ambient air pollution represents a global health crisis, leading to 7 million annual deaths worldwide. The rise of a “global environmental regime” manifests in the widespread adoption of environmental policies and laws to reduce ambient air pollution, but debate remains whether they have any effect. Scholars argue that the relationship between the global environmental regime and air pollution depends on the penetration of the global environmental regime. In this analysis, I argue that the relationship between the global environmental regime and air pollution levels is contingent on a country’s position in the world-system. Using fixed effects panel analyses of 144 countries from 1990 to 2010, I find embeddedness in the global environmental regime does predict lower national air pollution levels. This effect, however, is smaller in semi-peripheral and peripheral countries. These findings contribute to an emerging body of scholarship integrating world society and world systems approaches in the study of the environment.
The Roles of Various Forms of Attention in Temporal Processing Deficits in Chinese Children With and Without Dyslexia
Authors: Wang Li-Chih , Yang Hsien-Ming
Published: June 2019

This study examined the extent to which Chinese children with dyslexia show temporal processing deficits in addition to deficits in various forms of attention. In total, 104 Chinese children in primary school (Grades 3–6) were recruited in Taiwan. Half of the children were identified as having dyslexia, and the other half were typically developing children who were matched by gender, IQ, and age with the children with dyslexia. Our results indicated that Chinese children with dyslexia performed significantly worse on tasks of temporal processing, selective attention, and switching attention. Furthermore, both visual and auditory temporal processing, in addition to various attention types, could be significant distinguishing predictors between the two groups. Moreover, we found that visual temporal processing, but not auditory temporal processing, significantly contributed to Chinese character reading. This study was among the first to confirm the unique role of visual temporal processing in Chinese character reading.
Activism in Southwestern Queer and Trans Young Adults After the Marriage Equality Era
Authors: Gandy-Guedes Megan E. , Paceley Megan S.
Published: June 2019

In 2015, marriage equality in the United States was a big win for the gay and lesbian movement. Marriage equality as a primary focus of the movement, however, was not without its critiques, particularly as an issue affecting mostly white, gay, economically secure individuals. Given the history of the movement, it is essential to ask what is next. Young queer and trans people represent the next generation of potential activists and advocates for queer and trans liberation, yet little empirical attention has been paid to their goals for the movement and motivations to be actively involved, particularly among young adults in rural, conservative states. Therefore, this study sought to understand the social, economic, and environmental issues deemed important by queer and trans young adults (aged 18–29), as well as their motivations to get involved in activism efforts. Data came from a mixed-methods program evaluation, which presents a picture of the issues and motivations that led study participants ( n = 65) toward activism in one conservative, highly rural, Southwestern state in the United States. The findings of this study are discussed in light of theoretical and empirical literature and then implications for the queer and trans movement, activists, and organizers are offered.
Low-Dose Alteplase for the Treatment of Submassive Pulmonary Embolism: A Case Series
Authors: Layman Sara N. , Guidry Tommie J. , Gillion Amanda R.
Published: June 2019

Purpose:

Pulmonary embolism (PE) can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Thrombolytics are currently approved for the treatment of massive PE; however, the CHEST guidelines recommend against systemic thrombolytic use in acute PE patients without hypotension, unless these patients deteriorate on anticoagulation alone. Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of thrombolysis in submassive PE; however, the full thrombolytic dose resulted in significantly increased risk of non-intracranial bleeding and hemorrhagic stroke. The MOPETT trial demonstrated that low-dose tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) significantly reduced the risk of pulmonary hypertension and recurrent PE compared to anticoagulation alone in submassive PE patients without any bleeding events.

This case series highlights 5 patient cases utilizing low-dose tPA for submassive PE. All patients had successful resolution of their symptoms and improvement in vitals and laboratory values. Furthermore, no patient had any bleeding during or after tPA administration. Three patients showed improved right ventricle function and reduced or normal right ventricle size on echocardiogram after tPA administration.

Conclusion:

The potential for low-dose tPA as a safe and efficacious treatment option for submassive PE is illustrated by this case series. However, larger, randomized controlled trials are needed to establish low-dose tPA as an accepted treatment modality.
Spiritual Well-Being in Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy in an Outpatient Setting: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Martins Helga , Dias Domingues Tiago , Caldeira Sílvia
Published: June 2019

Purpose: To assess the spiritual well-being (SWB) of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in an outpatient setting. Method: Quantitative, cross-sectional, and descriptive study. A convenience sample of 150 participants was obtained. Data collection instrument was a self-reported questionnaire that included the SWB Questionnaire (SWBQ), whose scores range from 20 to 100. SPSS software, version 21, was used in data analysis. The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee. Results: Patients’ ages ranged between 35 and 83 years; most were female (64.7%), married (68.0%), Catholic (86.7%), and with breast cancer (35.3%) and colorectal cancer (25.3%). The average SWBQ total score was 65.91 ( SD = 12.177). The highest score of the SWBQ was obtained in females, widows and singles, Evangelic and Catholic, and with lower educational level and professional occupation. The Cronbach α was 0.89, and the subscales αs ranged between 0.78 and 0.94. Conclusion: The SWBQ scores were reasonable. These results can guide nurses’ clinical reasoning, as the assessment of SWB may precede the diagnosis of risk for spiritual distress, readiness for enhanced SWB, or spiritual distress. Thus, the use of this instrument may facilitate spirituality being effectively implemented in clinical practice, favoring holistic health care.
Allostatic Load, Unhealthy Behaviors, and Depressive Symptoms by Birthplace Among Older Adults in the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging (SALSA)
Authors: Rodriquez Erik J. , Sabado-Liwag Melanie , Pérez-Stable Eliseo J. , Lee Anne , Haan Mary N. , Gregorich Steven E. , Jackson James S. , Nápoles Anna M.
Published: June 2019

Objective: To assess whether unhealthy behaviors moderated the relationship between allostatic load (AL) and future significant depressive symptoms (SDSs) among 1,789 older Latinos. Method: Longitudinal data included baseline AL, three unhealthy behaviors (UBs), and 2-year follow-up SDS. Multivariable logistic regression analyses, stratified by birthplace (U.S. vs. foreign born), modeled the effects of AL, UB count (range = 0-3), and their interaction on follow-up SDS. Results: Compared with U.S.-born, foreign-born participants engaged in fewer UBs (0.52 vs. 0.60 behaviors, p = .01) and had higher baseline SDS (31% vs. 20%, p < .001). Among foreign-born participants, the effect of AL on future SDS (adjusted odds ratios [aORs]; 95% confidence interval [CI]) significantly increased across UB counts of 0 to 3: 1.06 [0.83, 1.35], 1.46 [1.14, 1.87], 2.00 [1.18, 3.41], and 2.75 [1.18, 6.44], respectively. Discussion: Among foreign-born Latinos, these results were most pronounced for women and adults above age 80, which may represent higher risk groups requiring more intensive screening for depression.
Development of a health monitoring and diagnosis framework for fused deposition modeling process based on a machine learning algorithm
Authors: Nam Jungsoo , Jo Nanhyeon , Kim Jung Sub , Lee Sang Won
Published: June 2019

In this article, a data-driven approach is applied to develop a health monitoring and diagnosis framework for a fused deposition modeling process based on a machine learning algorithm. For the data-driven approach, three accelerometers, an acoustic emission sensor, and three thermocouples are installed, and associated data are collected from those sensors. The collected data are processed to obtain root mean square values, and they are used for constructing health monitoring and diagnosis models for the fused deposition modeling process based on a support vector machine algorithm, which is one of machine learning algorithms. Among various root mean square values, those of acceleration data from the frame were most effective for diagnosing health states of the fused deposition modeling process with the non-linear support vector machine–based model.
Transmission of HIV infection by severe bites
Authors: Thomas Mark G , Hopkins Christopher J , Luey Christopher E
Published: June 2019

A 56-year-old man acquired HIV infection as the result of bites that caused severe tissue injuries. The features of the biting episode that led to transmission of infection were very similar to those in four other patients reported to have acquired HIV infection as the result of bites. Post-exposure prophylaxis should be recommended for people who have suffered bites that caused significant tissue injuries, inflicted by a person with known HIV infection, who had visible blood staining of their saliva at the time of biting, and an HIV viral load known or presumed to be greater than 3.0 log10 copies/ml.
Uncovering driving forces of co-benefits achieved by eco-industrial development strategies at the scale of industrial park
Authors: Lin Yongsheng , Liu Zhe , Liu Rui , Yu Xiaoman , Zhang Liming
Published: June 2019

Co-benefits are used to reflect multiple important benefits that could be achieved by a single policy or measure. In recent years, researches on co-benefits have developed rapidly in various fields, but there is limited research associated with eco-industrial development. In order to investigate the driving forces of co-benefits in the field of eco-industrial development, this study established an emergy-based hybrid model for such a research objective. In order to verify this model, Suzhou industrial park in China has been selected as a case study. The results showed that co-benefits achieved in 2015 through eco-industrial development-based strategies in Suzhou industrial park were more than that were in 2010. Waste reutilization environmental efficiency effect was the most significant positive driving forces, while energy consumption efficiency effect had the least impact on generating co-benefits in Suzhou industrial park. Policy implications such as strengthening eco-industrial network and further industrial structure promotion are proposed.
Methodology and Representativeness of the Adolescent Health Survey 2017 in Malaysia
Authors: Awaluddin S. Maria , Ibrahim Wong Norazizah , Rodzlan Hasani Wan Shakira , Omar Mohd Azahadi , Mohd Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli , Nik Abd Rashid Nik Rubiah , Aris Tahir
Published: June 2019

Health risk behaviors and mental health problems are associated with morbidity and premature mortality among adolescents. Understanding the magnitude of the problem may improve adolescent health status. The Adolescent Health Survey was conducted to collect data on health risk behaviors among Malaysian school-going adolescents using self-administered questionnaires. A 2-stage stratified cluster sampling design was used and samplings weights were calculated to ensure representativeness to the general population. A total of 27 497 out of 30 823 school-going adolescents completed the questionnaires, yielded an 89.2% overall response rate. The methodology was robust to ensure valid estimation on the prevalence of health problems among Malaysian school-going adolescents.
Risk Factors for Underdiagnosis of Diabetes Based on the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2015
Authors: Min Deulle , Cho Eunhee
Published: June 2019

We included 11 298 subjects aged 30 years or older without diagnosis of diabetes by doctors who had undergone A1C screening. The diagnostic criterion for diabetes was A1C ≥6.5% (48 µmol/mol). This cross-sectional study was performed by reflecting weight of the sample in Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to represent South Korea. Risk factors were age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04-1.08), Medicaid beneficiary (OR = 2.77, 95% CI = 1.25-6.14), presence of family history of diabetes (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.36-2.84), serum triglyceride level (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 1.01-1.03), serum high-density lipoprotein level (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.95-0.98), currently smoking (OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.20-2.85), and the presence of regular checkup (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.01-2.00). To prevent diabetes with a healthy life, it is necessary to establish a diabetes prevention program for vulnerable people and implement health-related policies such as smoking cessation and regular checkups.
Frontloading Academic Vocabulary for English Learners With Disabilities in an Integrated Classroom Setting
Authors: Cuba Melissa J.
Published: June 2019

Previous research examining frontloading academic vocabulary establishes it as an effective instructional activity for students who are English learners. This article extends and builds from those earlier findings, showing the relevance and importance of explicit vocabulary instruction for all students identified with specialized learning needs, especially for students who are English learners with disabilities. Drawing from research-based practices as well as practitioner training to provide ideas of how to frontload academic terms using techniques that incorporate visuals and technology in an integrated classroom setting.
Reflections on Experiencing Apollo 11: On Trying to Outdo Yourself
Authors: Gioia Denny
Published: June 2019

Some of you might know that I was a member of the launch team that sent Apollo 11 on its way to the moon in 1969. July of 2019 is the 50th anniversary of that momentous event. I have elected to use the occasion to reflect on one of the personal and professional implications of having participated in a major historical event.
Long-term Survival in a Case of Renal Cell Carcinoma With Brain Metastases: A Case Report
Authors: Pooleri Ginil Kumar , Kleetus Jeeva Maria , Laddha Abhishek , Thomas Appu
Published: June 2019

Renal cell carcinoma with brain metastases is considered to have a poor prognosis. We are reporting a case of a 63-year-old male who showed excellent long term remission with a combination treatment of radiation and tyrosine kinase inhibitor for a solitary lesion in the brain, secondary to the renal tumor.
Political personalization and personalized politics within and beyond the behavioural arena
Authors: Pedersen Helene Helboe , Rahat Gideon
Published: June 2019

Our aim is to propose guidelines for the analysis of political personalization and personalized politics in general and for behavioural personalization in particular. The first guideline is based on our understanding that personalization comes at the cost of party politics. It suggests that in order to classify politics as more or less personalized, we must compare it to an alternative party-oriented politics. Based on a synthesis of existing theoretical work, the second guideline suggests three analytical dimensions to clarify the multidimensional concept of personalization: arena, level and character. Arena refers to where personalization takes place; level refers to whose power or independence is changing; and character refers to how personalization is manifested. Furthermore, we present the contributions of this symposium and explain how they follow the two guidelines and advance our understanding and knowledge of behavioural political personalization.
Making the switch from task illumination to ambient illumination standards: Principles and practicalities, including energy implications
Authors: Cuttle C
Published: June 2019

It has been proposed that general lighting practice should switch from specifying indoor illumination standards in terms of task illuminance to ambient illumination specified in terms of mean room surface exitance. The reasons for this proposal are reexamined and the energy implications are assessed. To enable comparison of equivalent levels of illumination, it was first necessary to establish mean room surface exitance levels that equate to task illuminance levels as being typical for similar applications. A simulation was developed using AGi32 lighting design software to determine lighting power density levels for providing equivalent illumination by three luminaire luminous flux distributions for three room shapes with three surface reflectance combinations. As anticipated, the downlight distribution was found to be the most efficient way of satisfying task illuminance criteria, but also it was found that uplighting achieves similar lighting power density levels for the equivalent mean room surface exitance criteria if room surface reflectances are reasonably high, indicating that the switch could be made without departing from the lighting power density limiting values currently proposed for efficient use of lighting energy. However, to base lighting standards on low lighting power density levels would have the effect of severely restricting options in lighting practice. Accordingly, a range of lighting power density levels is proposed for lighting standards that would eliminate inefficient use of lighting energy while permitting reasonable levels of design flexibility in lighting practice.
A Simple Hospital Mobility Scale for Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Predicts Long-term Functional Outcome
Authors: Maso Iara , Pinto Elen Beatriz , Monteiro Maiana , Makhoul Marina , Mendel Tassiana , Jesus Pedro A. P. , Oliveira-Filho Jamary
Published: June 2019

Background. Stroke patients present restriction of mobility in the acute phase, and the use of a simple and specific scale can be useful to guide rehabilitation. Objective. To validate and propose a Hospital Mobility Scale (HMS) for ischemic stroke patients as well as to evaluate the HMS as a prognostic indicator. Methods. This study was performed in 2 phases: in the first, we developed the HMS content, and in the second, we defined its score and evaluated its psychometric properties. We performed a longitudinal prospective study consisting of 2 cohorts (derivation and validation cohorts). The data were collected in a stroke unit, and the following scales were applied during hospitalization: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale to quantify stroke severity and the HMS to verify the degree of mobility. The primary outcome was the proportion of unfavorable functional outcomes, defined as a modified Barthel Index of <95. Results. We defined 3 tasks for HMS: sitting, standing, and gait. In the derivation cohort, the HMS presented an accuracy of 84.5% measured using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (95% CI = 78.3-90.7; P < .001), whereas in the validation cohort the accuracy was 87.8% (95% CI = 81.9%-93.7%; P < .001). The HMS presented a large standardized effect size (1.41) and excellent interexaminer agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.962; 95% CI = 0.917-0.983; P < .001). Conclusion. The HMS was able to predict accurately the functional outcome of poststroke patients, presented excellent interexaminer agreement, and was sensitive in detecting changes.
Negotiating Requests for Reimbursement for Community Engagement: Challenges in Developing an Educational Video for Genomic Biobanking Research in South Africa
Authors: Staunton Ciara , Abayomi Akin , Bassa Fatima , Moodley Keymanthri
Published: June 2019

Genomic research and the biobanking capacity it requires are experiencing considerable growth on the continent of Africa. However genomic research and biobanking raise a range of legal, ethical, social, and cultural issues, including concerns about broad consent, confidentiality, community stigmatization, discrimination, indefinite storage, and long-term use. There is a need to establish governance frameworks that address these issues, and many international health research ethics and biobanking guidelines now recommend that the best way to do so is by involving potential research participants and key community stakeholders in the research development and the process of acquiring samples and data through active community engagement (CE). This article describes the experience and challenges in developing an educational tool as part of a CE initiative in South Africa and the commentaries reflect on how this process may be improved going forward.
Outcomes of Mini-Open Carpal Tunnel Release in Patients With Unrecordable Preoperative Nerve Conduction Potentials at a Minimum of 5 Years
Authors: Zhang Dafang , Ostergaard Peter , Cefalu Charles , Hall Matthew , Earp Brandon E. , Blazar Philip
Published: June 2019

Background: The aim of this study is to assess the outcomes of carpal tunnel release (CTR) in a cohort of patients with preoperatively unrecordable median nerve sensory and motor potentials in comparison with historical controls at minimum 5-year follow-up. Methods: We retrospectively identified 1297 patients who underwent CTR at a tertiary care referral center from July 2008 to June 2013. After exclusion criteria and review of available preoperative nerve conduction studies, 24 patients who underwent CTR with preoperative unrecordable sensory and motor nerve potentials were identified. Fifteen living, mentally capable patients were contacted by telephone for follow-up. Our primary outcome measure was the Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BCTQ). Secondary outcome measures included Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, pain on a 0 to 10 Likert scale, and satisfaction on a 0 to 10 Likert scale. Results: Our response rate was 80% (12 out of 15) of eligible patients. Mean follow-up was 6.9 years in our study (range, 5.4-9.5 years). The mean BCTQ symptom score was 1.4, and the mean BCTQ functional score was 1.8. Mean DASH score was 15.2. On average, patient-reported pain was 0.3 and satisfaction was 8.3. No difference was found in outcomes of CTR in patients with end-stage carpal tunnel syndrome compared with historical means. Conclusions: Patients with end-stage carpal tunnel syndrome do not have worse long-term patient-reported outcomes after CTR compared with the general population. Unrecordable nerve potentials are not a contraindication for CTR.
Wrong for womankind and the nation: Anti-abortion discourses in 20th-century Ireland
Authors: Delay Cara
Published: June 2019

This article asks how anti-abortion discourses and dialogues engaged with ideas about motherhood, national identity, and women’s reproductive decision-making in 20th-century Ireland, particularly from 1967, when abortion was decriminalized in Britain, to 1983, when Ireland’s Eighth Amendment became the law of the land. It assesses the ways in which ‘pro-life’ advocates rejected the notion that women were independent adults capable of reproductive decision-making. Indeed, throughout the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, anti-choice activists defined all Irish women as innately innocent, moral, and naturally desirous of domesticity and motherhood. Abortion, they argued, was encouraged, coerced, and even forced by outsiders or ‘others’. The arguments of some anti-abortion activists utilized meaningful themes in Ireland’s colonial and nationalist history, including the historical notion of Irish sacrificial motherhood, the depiction of Irish women as young and vulnerable, and the explanation of abortion as foreign, anti-Irish, and reminiscent of British colonial repression.