bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ice flow events in the Cormorant Lake-Wekusko Lake area, northern Manitoba
Authors: McMartin I
Published: March 2017

Surficial mapping in the Cormorant Lake-Wekusko Lake area indicates that numerous and complex ice flow events occurred near the Shield margin area. On the Shield and west of The Pas moraine, which represents a major glacial landform on the Paleozoic cover, the
dominant ice flow trend is south-southwestward, and till composition reflects a northern provenance (Keewatin ice), closely related to the local bedrock. East of the moraine, major ice flow events trend westerly, and till composition indicates an eastern and distal provenance (Hudson ice). A major
late readvance in glacial Lake Agassiz was recorded west of the moraine. Along the Shield margin east of the moraine, this readvance caused a confluent and parallel ice flow between the two lobes. These events were followed by minor readvances of Hudson ice in glacial Lake Agassiz and against
Keewatin ice within a large ice-contact zone at the Shield edge.
Timing relationships between Cu-Au mineralization, dykes, and shear zones in the Chibougamau camp, northeastern Abitibi subprovince, Quebec
Authors: Robert F
Published: March 2017

The Chibougamau camp is characterized by the presence of porphyry copper-style mineralization and by that of shear zone-hosted Cu-Au mineralization, commonly associated with dykes apparently related to the neighboring Chibougamau pluton. The temporal
relationships between the two styles of mineralization, dyke emplacement and shear zone development, are important in understanding the genesis and distribution of these styles of mineralization. Two outcrops exposing sulphide mineralization, shear zones, and dykes were mapped in detail. The mapping
shows that fracture-controlled Fe-Cu sulphides predated the development of the shear zones and indicates that sericite alteration associated with these early mineralized fractures played an important role in localizing subsequent deformation. It also shows that dykes were emplaced before and after
development of fracture-controlled Fe-Cu sulphides, but before shear zone development.
A preliminary report of porphyry Cu-Mo-Au and shear zone-hosted Cu-Au deposits in the Chibougamau area, Quebec
Authors: Sinclair W D , Pilote P , Kirkham R V , Robert F , Daigneault R
Published: March 2017

The Chibougamau area, Quebec, has been important primarily for the production of copper and gold from sulphide-rich, shear zone-hosted deposits. Subeconomic porphyry deposits with minor amounts of molybdenum and gold also occur in the area. Preliminary
observations suggest that both deposit types may be associated with intermineral felsic intrusions, and that intrusive and copper mineralizing events predated shear zone development; gold mineralization is more complex and, in part, postdates shearing. Future research will focus on the chronology of
the intrusive, mineralization, and deformation events, and on the possible genetic links between the two types of deposits. The potential for economic porphyry-type deposits of copper, molybdenum, and gold will also be evaluated.
Tholeiitic and weakly alkalic basaltic volcanism of the Mugford Group, northern Labrador: preliminary geochemical results
Authors: Hamilton M A
Published: March 2017

The Mugford Group, comprising basal siliciclastic sediments, deep-water euxinic shales, cherts, mudstones and dolostones overlain by pillowed and massive basalt, tuff and agglomerate, represent a Lower Proterozoic supracrustal succession deposited unconformably
on listric normal faulted Archean gneisses of the Nain craton. Mugford Group volcanics share many physical and chemical properties of continental rift or plateau basalts. Initial volcanism (Calm Cove formation) is represented by pillowed and massive flows of relatively evolved, weakly alkaline to
transitional basalts and then by more primitive tholeiitic basalts. Eruptive compositions in agglomerates and massive flows of the overlying Finger Hill formation show a comparable chemical evolution and bipartite division in alkalinity to those in the Calm Cove formation. Lavas in both sequences
show strong enrichments in incompatible trace elements and the rare earths, similar to continental alkaline basalts as well as plume-influenced mid-ocean-ridge basalts.
The Dinosaur Park Formation of the Upper Cretaceous Judith River (Belly River) Group, subsurface of southern Alberta
Authors: Hamblin A P
Published: March 2017

Regional subsurface correlation of the upper Judith River /Belly River clastic wedge confirms that the Dinosaur Park Formation can be distinguished and mapped in the subsurface throughout southern and central Alberta. The formation generally thins to zero to the
south due to depositional thinning. The sediments of the Dinosaur Park were derived from the northwest, whereas those of the underlying Oldman and Foremost formations were derived from the west and southwest. This change likely represents a reorientation of paleogeography, during Judith River time,
related to an increase in rate of subsidence in southern Alberta. Thickness variation of the Dinosaur Park in southern Alberta is characterized by relatively narrow, linear trends, generally oriented WNW /ESE, which fan out from locii near Rocky Mountain House and Calgary, and result primarily from
localized erosional geometry at the base of the formation. Linear trends are sharp-based, and are overlain by multi-storied individual fining-upward channel sandstone units, interpreted as composite incised valley fills. Corresponding clean sandstone trends (potential reservoir rock), are up to 40 m
thick. Included maps are intended as guides: for practical application, more detailed mapping of individual sandstone bodies is necessary. The regionally-consistent upward sequence of facies from erosional base, to sandstone-dominated, to sandstone/mudstone-dominated, to Lethbridge Coal Zone, to
Bearpaw marine transgression (from the southeast) can also be interpreted to represent a fundamental reorientation of paleogeography related to an increasing rate of basin subsidence, and consequent transgressive pressure, in southern Alberta. The Dinosaur Park Formation encloses 145 gas pools of
the 1384 pools known from the Judith River Group, scattered through 60 different fields, and totalling 6806 x 106 cubic metres of gas reserves. Large areas of thick, clean sandstone, with no designated pools, are present throughout the play area, suggesting further exploration
possibilities.
Biostratigraphy and trilobite fauna of the lower silurian Tegart formation, southeastern British Columbia
Authors: Norford B S
Published: March 2017

In the Western Ranges of the Rocky Mountains, the Tegart Formation is preserved locally beneath the sub-Devonian unconformity, with a maximum thickness of 66 m. Argillaceous limestone and shale of the lower 55 m contain graptolites, conodonts and benthic
macrofossils of late Telychian (Late Llandovery) age. These different groups of fossils allow correlation of the Tegart Formation within the three most effective biostratigraphic schemes that are used to zone the Silurian System. The stratigraphic association of the groups of fossils aids precise
calibration between these three biostratigraphic schemes. The graptolite faunas and the conodont faunas are useful for correlation between continents and within North America; the trilobites and other benthic fossils provide correlation with carbonate rocks within North America.
The graptolite fauna represents the upper part of the Monograptus spiralis Zone, which is well known in central Europe, Asia, the Arctic Islands and the Yukon. The conodont fauna indicates the Pterospathodus amorphognathoides Zone of central Europe, Great Britain, southeastern Alaska, the Mackenzie
Mountains, the Arctic Islands, Gaspe, and Anticosti Island. The lower boundary of the Pterospathodus amorphognathoides Zone with the underlying Pterospathodus celloni Zone is just above the base of the Tegart Formation. Trilobites and brachiopods dominate the shelly benthic fauna, which also has
rare corals, gastropods, cephalopods and conulariids. The most precise correlation is with the faunas of trilobite assemblages e and f (ivithin the lower amorphognathoides Conodont Zone) in the Whittaker-Road River transitional rocks of the Avalanche Lake region, western District of Mackenzie.
Three new species of trilobites are erected: Paracybantyx tegartensis, Podowrinella rossi and Wallacia hendersoni.
Dinoflagellate assemblages and depositional environments of the Campanian Bearpaw formation, Alberta
Authors: Kurita H , McIntyre D J
Published: March 2017

Twenty-nine genera and forty-five species of dinoflagellates were recorded from the Upper Cretaceous Bearpaw Formation at surface localities in the Rocky Mountain Foothills and in the southern Alberta Plains, near Calgary, Alberta. The diverse dinoflagellate
assemblages indicate that the formation is Late Campanian in the plains and the foothills of southern Alberta. The maximum western extent of the Bearpaw Sea was in the Late Campanian. Stratigraphic trends in diversity and dominance of species in the assemblages are interpreted as indicating a
relatively rapid initial transgression and a gradual final regression during the period of deposition. The results demonstrate the applicability of Late Cretaceous dinoflagellates for biostratigraphic determination and paleoenvironmental analysis in a marginal marine
situation.
Part I: geological play analysis and resource assessment
Authors: Bird T D , Barclay J E , Campbell R I , Lee P J
Published: March 2017

Natural gas resource potential of Triassic strata in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (excluding the Foothills Belt) was evaluated using a combination of geological play analysis and statistical estimation. Triassic strata belong to a platformal succession of
mixed siliciclastic, carbonate, and evaporite sediments deposited along the western portions of the basin. The thickest deposits, and most of the oil and gas, occur in the westward thickening and deepening depocentre called the Peace River Embayment. The Triassic succession contains a total
discovered in-place volume of 288 400 x 106m3 raw gas reserves in 10 mature and 2 immature plays. Exploration plays consist of stratigraphic and stratigraphicþstructural combination traps, with reservoirs in aeolian, shoreline, tidal channel, and shallow marine sandstones, coquinas, and tidal flat
and marine shelf carbonates. Statistical analysis of the ten established mature plays suggests they contain a remaining potential of 272 124 x 106m3. Three of these plays are predicted to contain over one half of the remaining gas potential: the Halfway/Doig Formation shelf sandstones play,
influenced by Peace River Arch/Embayment structures (e.g., Monias field); the Baldonnel Formation subcrop play, involved in Laramideþaged gentle folds (e.g., Laprise field); and the Halfway/Doig Formation shoreline-related sandstone reservoirs, influenced by Peace River Arch/Embayment structures
(e.g., Sinclair field). Statistical analysis of the mature plays indicates that a total of 13 plays are likely to exist. These include the 10 mature plays, 2 immature plays (the Montney Subcrop NorthþRing play and the Montney Distal Shelfþ Glacier play) with undiscovered gas in-place totalling 28
162 x 106m3, and 1 conceptual play with 5 615 x 106m3 gas in-place. The relatively minor amount of gas estimated to be present in the conceptual and immature plays (33 777 x 106m3þ11% of the total resource) is consistent with the exploration maturity of the basin and the fact that established
play definitions are sufficiently broad to include variations in trapping mechanism. Expected potential in-place gas volumes in mature, immature and conceptual plays (unencumbered by economic constraints) total 305 901 x 106m3, indicating that over 50 per cent of the total in-place resource remains
to be discovered. Triassic strata continue to offer attractive exploration targets, as shown by recent activity at Valhalla, Spirit River and Grande Prairie.
Geological and age relationships of the margins of the Manitouwadge greenstone belt and the Wawa-Quetico subprovince boundary, northwestern Ontario
Authors: Zaleski E , Peterson V L , van Breemen O
Published: March 2017

The Manitouwadge greenstone belt and its Cu-Zn deposits occur within a highly deformed remnant of upper amphibolite-facies supracrustal rocks adjacent to the Wawa-Quetico subprovince boundary. On the basis of structural and lithological criteria, the Wawa-Quetico
boundary in the Manitouwadge area is transitional. New mapping shows that migmatitic metasedimentary rocks can be traced as semicontinuous enclaves from the Quetico subprovince, through a series of map-scale folds, to the Manitouwadge belt in the Wawa subprovince. Metagreywackes in the Manitouwadge
belt are indistinguishable from those in the Quetico subprovince, except for the higher metamorphic grade and migmitization of the latter. U-Pb zircon provenance study of Manitouwadge metagreywackes places a maximum age limit on deposition of 2693 Ma, at least 25 Ma younger than felsic metavolcanic
rocks associated with base metal mineralization.
The Auyuittuq carving stone study project, eastern Baffin Island, Northwest Territories: a geological report
Authors: Ermanovics I
Published: March 2017

Deposits of potential carving stone in south and eastern Baffin Island include mainly serpentinized ultramafic rocks (soapstone) and marble. A search of the published and unpublished geological literature revealed no reports of carving stone deposits within
Auyuittuq Park or within a few kilometres of its boundary. Assessment of the principally high-grade Proterozoic terrane of the Cumberland batholithic complex, which underlies the park, indicated a low potential for carving stone within the park compared to other areas of Baffin Island. Fieldwork in
1994 bore out this prediction.
Archean and Proterozoic lithology, structure, and metamorphism in the vicinity of Eqe Bay, Baffin Island, Northwest Territories
Authors: Scammell R J , Bethune K M
Published: March 2017

Bedrock mapping and preliminary laboratory studies have provided new insights on the geological evolution of northwest Baffin Island, between the Archean Committee Orogen and the Proterozoic Foxe Fold Belt. Two greenschist to upper amphibolite facies greenstone
belts near Eqe Bay and Grant Suttie Bay contain 3-50 m thick, laterally continuous (>10 km), volcanic- and turbidite-hosted banded iron formations which have potential for gold mineralization. Greenstone belts record ~2.72 Ga granitic plutonism, felsic volcanism, and deformation.
Gneisses bordering the greenstone belts record ~2.77 Ga plutonism and Archean deformation. These gneisses, the greenstone belts, and Proterozoic metasedimentary rocks have been affected by northwest-southeast-directed contractional strain associated with ~1.82Ga regional metamorphism and
granitic plutonism. Structural and metamorphic events are related to tectonic events associated with the ~2.7 Ga Committee Orogen, the Proterozoic Foxe Fold Belt, and possibly the late Early Proterozoic Northeast Baffin Thrust Zone.
Polymetallic unconformity-related uranium veins in lower Proterozoic Amer Group, Pelly Lake map area, northern Thelon Basin, Churchill Province, Northwest Territories
Authors: Miller A R
Published: March 2017

In the Garry Lake area, the northern margin of the 1.72 Ga Thelon Basin overlies the lower Proterozoic Amer Group, and Archean gneisses and plutonic rocks. Northeast- to north-northeast- and northwest-striking faults record post-Thelon Formation displacement. A
uraniferous boulder train was located near the erosional edge of the Thelon Basin. Polymetallic calcite-bearing veins containing native silver-altaite-clausthalite-pitchblende, are hosted by lower greenschist grade arkosic wacke belonging to the upper Amer Group clastic sedimentary sequence. Based
on the polymetallic elemental signature in the veins, thin argillic alteration envelopes mantling crack-and-fill veins, and calcite as the principal gangue mineral in veins, this occurrence resembles the clay-bounded subtype of unconformity-related uranium deposits. Recognition of this subdeposit
type in the northern Thelon Basin extends its known areal distribution and signals this segment of the basin to be prospective for unconformity-related uranium deposits.
Stratigraphic setting of semiconformable alteration in the Spi Lake area, Kaminak greenstone belt, Churchill Province, Northwest Territories
Authors: Miller A R , Tella S
Published: March 2017

The Spi Lake Zn-Cu-Pb-Ag prospect is a proximal volcanic-hosted volcanogenic massive sulphide within ca 2.69 Ga tholeiitic-calc-alkaline volcanic rocks of the Kaminak greenstone belt. The volcanic rocks were deformed and metamorphosed under lower greenschist
facies conditions. The prospect consists of irregular pods of massive and disseminated galena-chalcopyrite-sphalerite in rhyolite breccia and tuff. Two alteration zones are recognized at different stratigraphic levels in the Spi Lake area. A discordant sericite-chlorite alteration transects host
rock rhyolite and tuff, underlying porphyritic rhyolite flows, and nearby tonalite. Semiconformable quartz-chlorite-epidote-albite alteration overprints stratigraphically higher basaltic pillow lava, interflow sediments and andesitic breccia. The semiconformable alteration zones stratigraphically
above the Spi Lake base metal prospect suggests that stacked alteration zones are present and massive sulphide exploration might be focused upsection, to the west and southwest.
Paleomagnetism of 779 Ma Hottah gabbro sheets of the Wopmay Orogen, Northwest Territories
Authors: Park J K , Buchan K L , Gandhi S S
Published: March 2017

A preliminary paleomagnetic study of the 779 Ma Hottah gabbro sheets of the western part of the Wopmay Orogen in the northwestern Canadian Shield yields a primary direction of magnetization at D, I = 286°, +16 (N = 3 sheets (6 sites), k = 34, alpha-95 =
21°) with corresponding paleomagnetic pole at 141°E, 13 °N (delta-p, delta-m = 11°, 22°). This paleopole is close to another of the same age from diabase intrusions of the Outer Fold Belt of the Mackenzie Mountains in the northern Cordillera, suggesting that there has been
no appreciable relative rotation between the Wopmay Orogen of the Canadian Shield and the Outer Fold Belt of the Mackenzie Mountains since 779 Ma.
Geological setting of the Sandhill Zn-Cu-Pb-Ag prospect in the Gibson-MacQuoid Lake area, District of Keewatin, Northwest Territories
Authors: Armitage A E , Miller A R , MacRae N D
Published: March 2017

The Gibson-MacQuoid Lake area is underlain by a polydeformed amphibolite grade Archean sequence of mafic to felsic volcanic rocks, sedimentary rocks, and orthogneiss; Proterozoic pyroxenite, gabbro, lamprophyre, and diabase intrusions are common. Geochemistry of
the mafic volcanic rocks indicates a back-arc rift depositional environment. Stratabound Zn-Cu-Pb-Ag mineralization of the Sandhill prospect occurs within an envelope of hydrothermally altered rhyodacitic tuff; altered by the loss of Na and Ca and by the addition of Mn and FeT. Fine- to
medium-grained sphalerite occurs as multiple bands (4 mm to 8 cm wide) associated with a highly aluminous assemblage of muscovite+quartz+garnet+staurolite+gahnite+biotite; coarse grained, sphalerite+galena associated with fine grained, disseminated, chalcopyrite occurs in discontinuous, concordant
chert horizons. These features identify the Sandhill prospect as a metamorphosed volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit type.
New evidence for northwestward glacial ice flow, James Bay region, Quebec
Authors: Veillette J J
Published: March 2017

At several hundred sites in the James Bay region of west-central Quebec and northeastern Ontario, bedrock-inscribed indicators of generally northwestward ice flow were measured on lee sides of outcrops heavily striated by younger westward and southwestward flows.
The consistent position and orientation of old northwestward striations at the base of the ice-flow sequence suggests an association with the inception and expansion of the Laurentide Ice Sheet from an initial growth zone extending northwestward from an area southeast of James Bay. This new model is
in agreement with glacial transport data east and west of James Bay and has direct implications for the application of drift sampling to mineral exploration. Stratigraphic evidence and a similar former direction of ice movement in the Severn River area of northern Ontario support an Early
Wisconsinan age for this event.
Accuracy of low porosity measurements in granite
Authors: Katsube T J , Scromeda N
Published: March 2017

Effective porosity (øE) of 32 granite samples from the Canadian Shield has been measured and compared with similar measurements previously made on the same samples, using slightly different measurement procedures. The purpose was to investigate measurement
accuracy of previous low porosity measurements. Effective porosity is determined by taking the difference between a water-saturated and oven-dried sample. Results show that øE values (0.27-0.64%) obtained in this study are similar to those (0.16-0.60%) obtained in the past. A comparison of
individual values show that previous values are lower by 10-40%. Results also indicate that reduced water saturation time and drying temperatures, used previously, account for up to about 12% of that 40% and that other explanations must be found for the remaining 28%. The currently
used saturation time and drying temperature are 300 minutes and 116°C, respectively, in compared to 40 minutes and 100-105°C used in the past.
The Upper Cretaceous Nanaimo Group, Georgia Basin
Authors: Mustard P S
Published: March 2017

The Nanaimo Group comprises up to 4 km of sedimentary rock of Turonian to Maastrichtian age, forming the lower part of the Late Cretaceous to Neogene Georgia Basin of southwest British Columbia. This Upper Cretaceous succession was deposited in a single elongate
basin deformed by Eocene compression into a fold and thrust belt. Eleven formations are recognized, comprising conformable and laterally intertonguing successions with sandstone-conglomerate units separated by mudstone and fine grained sandstone formations. Initial alluvial and coastal marine
deposits formed on a rugged unconformity. Coal-bearing facies formed in coastal and marginal marine back-barrier environments, associated with fluvial and shallow marine facies. Most of the Nanaimo Group was deposited in marine, generally outer neritic to bathyal depths, by gravity flows and
generally as submarine fan deposystems. Initial detritus was from local basement, but most sediment came from the Coast Belt to the east and northwest Cascades, although by latest Cretaceous time the eastern Cordillera was also a source. A forearc basin setting for the Nanaimo Group is only correct
in that deposition occurred oceanward of a partly coeval magmatic arc. A foreland basin model is preferred because basin initiation and sedimentation was a direct result of contemporaneous thrusting in the Coast Belt and north Cascades. Nanaimo Group coal resources were historically important, but
are now exhausted in most areas. Kaolin-rich deposits on the unconformity may be economically viable. Oil and gas potential is poor, although coalbed methane could be locally present.
Stratigraphy and evolution of Tertiary Georgia Basin and subjacent Upper Cretaceous sedimentary rocks, southwestern British Columbia and northwestern Washington State
Authors: Mustard P S , Rouse G E
Published: March 2017

Georgia Basin encompasses Strait of Georgia, eastern Vancouver Island, Fraser Lowland, and northwest Washington State. At Vancouver, a succession of Late Cretaceous clastic rocks less than 500 m thick unconformably overlie Coast Belt intrusions or
Albian-Cenomanian sedimentary rock. The Late Cretaceous rocks correlate with the lower Nanaimo Group and were deposited in alluvial fan and fluvial-floodplain environments. Tertiary Georgia Basin is dominated by Paleocene-Eocene clastic rocks 2.5 km thick in the Fraser Lowland, and thicken to nearly
6 km at Bellingham. Paleogene strata previously named Kitsilano and Burrard formations are included with the better exposed and coeval Huntingdon Formation, a northern continuation of the Chuckanut Formation, not a younger unit as previously interpreted. Deposition occurred in a terrestrial basin
with proximal lower alluvial fan deposits changing to fluvial systems towards the basin axis. Paleocurrents and provenance suggest derivation from local sources. The Miocene Boundary Bay formation is less than 1.2 km thick and preserved in the Fraser delta subsurface. It comprises fluvial sandstone
and mudstone similar to the underlying Paleogene rocks, although rare marine microfossils also suggest marginal marine environments. Oligocene rocks are limited to scattered exposures of igneous intrusions and rare subsurface dykes and sills. Tertiary Georgia Basin formed as an intracontinental
strike-slip basin when dextral strike-slip faults were active in the western Cordillera. Late Eocene compression deformed the basin into northwest-trending and plunging folds. Traps and porous sandstone are present, but low thermal maturity and lack of marine kerogen in the sub-Miocene succession
indicate gas as the most likely potential hydrocarbon.
Character of volcanism, volcanic hazards, and risk, northern end of the Cascade magmatic arc, British Columbia and Washington State
Authors: Hickson C J
Published: March 2017

A band of Oligocene (30 Ma) to Recent volcanoes and associated intrusive rocks extend from latitude 44°N in northern California to latitude 52°N in southwestern British Columbia. These centres make up the Cascade magmatic arc. The arc formed in
response to subduction of the Farallon Plate (the present day Juan de Fuca Plate).

Volcanism from 5 Ma to the present is restricted to a linear belt of volcanoes broken into six segments. The northernmost segment extends from Glacier Peak in Washington State to the Bridge River cones in British Columbia. The most recent significant volcanic event in this segment of the arc is a
Plinian to Peléan eruption from Mount Meager, (2400 BP). This event blocked the Lillooet River and spread ash across southern British Columbia into Alberta. Activity at Mount Baker occurred as recently as 1975.

The geological record of lava flows and volcanic deposits suggests that both basaltic and andesitic eruptions, and infrequent violent dacitic explosive eruptions, may occur. Of the numerous hazards associated with volcanic eruptions, the most likely to affect large numbers of people are airfall
tephras and debris flows. A continuing hazard is posed by the extreme relief of many vent areas and the unstable nature of volcanic deposits. At least 44 large postglacial debris flows are known at Mount Baker and landslides from Mount Cayley and the "Barrier" (near Mount Garibaldi) have blocked
the Squamish and Cheakamus Rivers. The loose unconsolidated nature of some volcanic deposits leads to increased sediment loads in surrounding drainages and leaching of soluble elements into the groundwater.
A preliminary directory of trace element databases available in the Vancouver map area
Authors: Delaney T A , Turner R J W
Published: March 2017

A preliminary directory of trace element data from rocks, soils, vegetation and stream, lake, and marine waters and sediments, as well as from water supply and sewerage systems is compiled for the Vancouver NTS map area (92G). The elements include Ag, Al, As,
Au, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, U, V, W, and Zn. Included in the directory are data sets collected for geochemical characterization of (1) natural background concentrations (background studies); (2) baseline concentrations in areas of possible
contamination (baseline studies); (3) areas of known contamination (impact studies); and (4) variation over time (monitoring studies). Available data are concentrated in the immediate area of metropolitan Vancouver, the Lower Fraser River valley and, to a lesser extent, Howe Sound and the Strait of
Georgia.
Where terranes collide: geology in western Canada
Authors:   Quadra Productions
Published: March 2017

The video is about the geology and the geologists of the Canadian Cordillera. The current concepts concerning the origin of the mountains of western Canada and the geologists and geoscientists who work among them are featured.
Structural investigations in the Stellarton pull-apart basin, Nova Scotia
Authors: Waldron J W F , Gillis K S , Naylor R D , Chandler F W
Published: March 2017

The Stellarton basin is a pull-apart basin located at a releasing bend on the Cobequid-Hollow fault system in Nova Scotia. The basin fill accumulated during Westphalian time. At the base, redbeds occupy fault bounded basins at the western and eastern extremities
of the area. The overlying Stellarton Formation includes shale, sandstone, minor conglomerate, coal, and oil shale. Within the basin, map-scale extensional normal and oblique faults strike northwest-southeast and are listric in profile. Motion on these faults has produced map-scale `rollover'
fault-bend folds. At the northeast margin of the basin, older rocks are uplifted along reverse faults and folds to form a positive flower structure. Outcrop-scale structures within the basin show a history of extension followed by shortening. Early normal faults, formed while sediment was not fully
lithified, are overprinted by thrust faults and asymmetric folds indicating eastward transport of stratigraphically higher units.
Paleozoic conodont/radiolarian calibration in the Canadian Cordillera
Authors: Cordey F , Orchard M J , Irwin S E
B
Published: March 2017

In contrast with the Mesozoic where substantial progress has been made in recent years in developing zonations within the Canadian Cordillera, there has been relatively little study of Paleozoic radiolarian fauna. As a result of previous and current Cordilleran
mapping, Paleozoic conodont and radiolarian assemblages were found co-occurring at forty-five localities of chert and carbonate strata from southern British Columbia to northern Yukon, ranging in age from Ordovician to Permian. Conodont occurrences provide a mean for calibrating the radiolarian
assemblages. This project focuses on developing this Paleozoic calibration in order to improve the geochronological tool available to mapping in the Canadian Cordillera, in particular in areas of active mining exploration like the Selwyn and Kechika basins.
Geology of the northeastern end of the Juneau Icefield Research Program Camp 26 nunatak, northwestern British Columbia
Authors: Currie L D , Carter D T , Cooper J , Gunter M E , Connor C L
Published: March 2017

The northeastern end of the Juneau Icefield Research Program's Camp 26 nunatak is underlain by metamorphic rocks (pelitic rocks, semi-pelitic rocks, marble, and minor hornblende amphibolite and quartzite), granitic-dioritic plutonic rocks, andesite, and
volcaniclastic rocks. Correlation of the metamorphic rocks with the Jurassic or older Florence Range suite of Tracy Arm terrane (in part equivalent to Nisling terrane) increases the known extent of the Tracy Arm terrane in this area. The volcanic rocks are correlated with the Eocene Sloko Group, and
may be coeval with the plutonic rocks.

A steep, east-west striking, south side-down fault cuts Florence Range suite and Sloko Group rocks exposed on the nunatak. East of the nunatak, the projected trace of the Llewellyn Fault Zone lies beneath the Llewellyn Glacier, and appears to be imaged by side-aperture-radar data. The relationship
between these structures is not clear because they intersect beneath the glacier.
Thermal regimes and diamond stability in the Archean Slave Province, northwestern Canadian Shield, District of Mackenzie, Northwest Territories
Authors: Thompson P H , Judge A S , Charbonneau B W , Carson J M , Thomas M D
Published: March 2017

The combination of apparent heat production values derived from airborne radiometric surveys with outcrop and laboratory measurements, for the area bounded by 62°-66°N and 110°-116°W, indicates an arcuate zone (>30000 km2) with
average heat production in excess of 2.5 µW/m3 and anomalies tens of kilometres across that exceed 5.0 µW/m3.

One-dimensional numerical models indicate that a lateral increase in average heat production in the upper crust from 1.7 µW/m3 (surface heat flow = 40 mW/m2) to 3.0 µW/m3 (surface heat flow = 50 mW/m2) corresponds to a reduction in lithospheric thickness from 215 to 180 km and in the
thickness of the potentially diamondiferous zone in the lowermost lithosphere from 85 to 30 km.

According to a limited data set, kimberlite pipes close to or within heat production anomalies (Cross Lake, Yamba Lake) are significantly less diamondiferous than those near Lac de Gras. While many other factors may be involved, the significance of crustal heat production with respect to diamond
potential merits careful consideration.
Digital Elevation Models in environmental geoscience, Oak Ridges Moraine, southern Ontario
Authors: Kenny F M , Russell H A J , Hinton M
J , Brennand T A
Published: March 2017

Knowledge of topography is often a basic requirement for studies undertaken in the natural sciences, specifically, geomorphology, hydrology, and geology. Digital Elevation Models (DEM) can be developed using Geographical Information Systems and digitally
structured topographic maps to provide contiguous information of a landscape. Once terrain information is captured as a DEM, the potential for multidisciplinary geoscience applications increases dramatically.

A 1:10000 scale DEM was constructed and used to develop integrated image analysis techniques for geological and landform mapping within a 15 by 20 km test site of the Oak Ridges Moraine. The techniques developed in the test area are being applied on a 1:50000 scale DEM that includes the entire
Greater Toronto Area. Examples of DEM applications are provided from both the test site and regional models. The DEM is also being used by geologists on desktop PC systems as an aid in geological mapping.
Le glissement de terrain d'avril 1996 à Saint-Boniface-de-Shawinigan, Québec : observations et données préliminaires
Authors: Bégin C , Evans S G , Parent M , Demers D , Grondin G , Lawrence D
E , Aylsworth J M , Michaud Y , Brooks G R , Couture R
Published: March 2017

During the afternoon of April 21, 1996, a massive landslide occurred in Champlain Sea sediments along the Machiche River, 5 km south of St-Boniface-de-Shawinigan, Quebec. The slide occurred in a wooded area following a period of intense rainfall. The landslide is
thought to be a multiple retrogressive type with a volume estimated to be about 8 X 106 m3. It is one of the largest landslides (31 ha) to have occurred in the St-Lawrence Lowlands in this century. The debris blocked the valley of the Machiche River and caused a lake to form upstream. This landslide
has shown the vulnerability of hydroelectric facilities and roads to major landslides in Champlain Sea sediments.
Detailed gravity studies in support of the EXTECH II Program, Bathurst mining camp, New Brunswick
Authors: Thomas M D , Jobin D , Daniels M , Chamberlain C , Hearty D B , Zhang G , Halpenny J F
Published: March 2017

The multidisciplinary EXTECH II program in the Bathurst mining camp has included detailed gravity surveys over and/or around several massive sulphide occurrences. Targets include the Half Mile Lake, Canoe Landing Lake, and Key Anacon deposits, and the Willett
property, where small bodies of sulphide have been located at surface and at depth. A total of 977 gravity observations were made. Most of these are positioned along local property grids, where they are spaced on the order of tens of metres apart. The remainder were surveyed around the properties at
wider intervals, ranging from about 400 m to 3 km, with the objective of outlining the background gravity fields. The latter provide a broader context in which to examine local signatures that may be associated with sulphide deposits or spatially related structures. Results of the surveys are
illustrated in this report and brief comment is made on their geological significance.
The Dorset showings: mesothermal vein-type gold occurrences associated with post-Ordovician deformation along the Baie Verte-Brompton Line, Baie Verte Peninsula, Newfoundland
Authors: Bélanger M , Dubé B , Malo M
Published: March 2017

The Dorset gold showings are mesothermal vein-type gold occurrences located close to the Baie Verte-Brompton Line. Mineralization occurs in fault-fill veins hosted by Ordovician and Silurian volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Dunnage zone. Auriferous quartz
veins are located in the central part of high strain zones and are spatially associated with fine grained mafic dykes. Development of high strain zones is facilitated by strength anisotropy induced by the mafic dykes. Deformation-induced secondary permeability in high strain zones concentrates the
fluid circulation which is responsible for the gold mineralization. Structural elements suggests that development of the high strain zones and the gold mineralization are related to a major compressive event. The timing of the mineralizing event is syn- to post-Silurian and could be related to the
Silurian reactivation of the Baie Verte-Brompton Line. Late movements contributed to deform the gold-bearing quartz veins.
Upper Middle Ordovician (Caradoc) brachiopods from the Advance Formation, northern Rocky Mountains, British Columbia
Authors: Jin J , Norford B S
Published: March 2017

The brachiopod fauna of the newly established Advance Formation in the northern Rocky Mountains, British Columbia, comprises 20 genera and 22 species of orthid, strophomenid, pentamerid, rhynchonellid, and atrypid brachiopods, including two new species, Leangella
biseptata and Anazyga bellicostata. The brachiopods are from 13 collections at five closely spaced localities. The presence of Plaesiomys meedsi, Glyptorthis assimilis, Platystrophia colbiensis, Paucicrura rogata, Oxoplecia globularis, Glyptambonites musculosus, Eoplectodonta alternata, and
Rafinesquina praecursor strongly indicates a Trentonian age for the new formation. Scaphorthis perplexa, Christiania subquadrata, Bimuria superba, and Murinella biconvexa are typical elements of the Scoto-Appalachian Bimuria fauna of early Caradoc (latest Chazyan to Ashbyan) age, and occurrences of
the same or similar species represent the first well preserved Scoto-Appalachian fauna known from the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Their occurrences in the Advance Formation extend the upper ranges of these species considerably upward into the Trentonian. The rhynchonellid genus Hiscobeccus, closely
related to the well known Lepidocyclus and previously believed to be restricted to Cincinnatian rocks of North America, occurs abundantly in the Advance Formation, and thus its range is extended downward into the Trentonian.
Middle Ordovician bryozoa from the northern Rocky Mountains, British Columbia and the southern Mackenzie Mountains, District of Mackenzie
Authors: Bolton T E
Published: March 2017

A trepostome bryozoan fauna composed of the genera Cyphotrypa, Atactoporella, Homotrypa, Monticulipora, Constellaria, Calloporella, Parvohallopora? and Tarphophragma is present in the upper Middle Ordovician Advance Formation of the northern Rocky Mountains,
British Columbia. The new species Diplotrypa cuffeyi is described from older rocks (Chazyan) of the Esbataottine Formation of the southern Mackenzie Mountains, District of Mackenzie.
Les îles au soleil de minuit: l'historique de l'Étude du plateau continental polaire
Authors:   Department of Energy, Mines and Resources Canada
Published: March 2017

The Polar Continental Shelf Project (PCSP) has provided logistics support for scientists working in Canada's High Arctic for over a quarter century. Using extraordinary Arctic footage, the video examines PCSP's origins, the challenges presented by Arctic
conditions, and current PCSP activities.
Mining and mineral vignettes
Authors:   Department of Energy, Mines and Resources Canada
Published: March 2017

Millions of years ago, valuable minerals were formed during geological events. Through a series of seven vignettes of three to five minutes in length, this video traces how these minerals are discovered and developed today, from prospecting to panning to
mining.
Les vignettes sur les minéraux et les mines du Canada
Authors:   Department of Energy, Mines and Resources Canada
Published: March 2017

Millions of years ago, valuable minerals were formed during geological events. Through a series of seven vignettes of three to five minutes in length, this video traces how these minerals are discovered and developed today, from prospecting to panning to
mining.
La cartographie géologique
Authors:   Department of Energy, Mines and Resources Canada
Published: March 2017

This video shows us how the study and applications of earth sciences make a valuable contribution to the development of our mineral resources.
The secrets of ice
Authors:   Department of Energy, Mines and Resources Canada
Published: March 2017

Ice and snow are part of the Canadian psyche, and naturally Canadians are leaders in scientific research in this field. This video looks at some intriguing research under way, including work conducted from a huge slab of ice adrift in the Arctic Ocean not far
from the North Pole, and the extraction of ice cores whose geological records provide us with the key to the Earth's past.
Geology of the Hallett Lake map area, central British Columbia: Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Eocene? plutonic rocks
Authors: Anderson R G , L'Heureux R , Wetherup S , Letwin J M
Published: March 2017

Plutonic rocks underlie more than one-third of the Hallett Lake map area southeast of Endako and vary in composition,
texture, internal fabrics, mafic and accessory mineralogies, petrographic features, and associated metallic mineral
showings.

Small Late Triassic intrusions comprise fine-grained pyroxenite and coarse-grained "bladed" plagioclase porphyry.

Jurassic intrusions are commonly mesocratic and xenolith- and titanite-bearing They include sequentially-intruded
biotite-hornblende diorite and gabbro, hornblende-biotite quartz monzodiorite and granodiorite, and possibly, biotite
quartz monzonite to monzogranite phases. Mineral and xenolith foliation is most common near contact zones between
mafic and intermediate phases.

Early Cretaceous Francois Lake Plutonic Suite biotite monzogranite plutons are the most quartz-rich, leucocratic, and
mineralized of all. Grain size, biotite abundance, alteration, intergranular textures, and intrusive relations permit further
subdivision.

Small, leucocratic mid-Cretaceous and Eocene? biotite granite and monzogranite plutons are generally the finest-grained
and most leucocratic of the suites.
Stratiform and vein-type magnetite-pyrite-chalcopyrite in a rhyolite-dacite assemblage at Tommie Lake, central Great Bear magmatic zone, Northwest Territories
Authors: Gandhi S S , Prasad N
Published: March 2017

Two magnetite-rich deposits at Tommie Lake are hosted by an east-trending, steeply dipping assemblage of rhyolite ignimbrite, tuff, and porphyritic dacite that underlies this region in the north-central part of the continental, ca. 1860 Ma old Great Bear magmatic
zone. One of the deposits is stratiform in a tuffaceous horizon, and contains disseminated pyrite and chalcopyrite in magnetite layers. The other, located 1 km to the south, is vein type. The veins contain variable amounts of quartz, magnetite, pyrite, and chalcopyrite, and locally calcite and
fluorite. Notable amounts of gold and tungsten occur in chalcopyrite-rich veins.

The deposits attest to an initial synvolcanic stratiform concentration of the metals, and later hydrothermal activity related to granitic plutonism that remobilized and/or added various elements. The hydrothermal mineralization is akin to polymetallic magnetite-rich mineralization elsewhere in the
magmatic zone regarded as Kiruna/Olympic Dam type.
Thematic structural studies in the Slave Province, Northwest Territories: contrasting basement/cover relationships on western and southwestern flanks of the Sleepy Dragon Complex
Authors: Bleeker W , Villeneuve M , Bethune K
Published: March 2017

Systematic investigations of the basement/cover contact on the western and southwestern flanks of the Sleepy Dragon Complex show that this contact is marked by unconformities of different ages as well as a pre-2671 Ma high-strain zone. The high-strain zone at
Patterson Lake, on the western flank of the complex, could be an early extensional shear zone. It is cut by two dyke swarms that predate the Raquette Lake unconformity on the southwest flank of the complex. Detrital zircon data on a quartzite sample of the Raquette Lake Formation show two age
groups: ca. 2935 Ma basement grains, and 2690-2680 Ma grains. The age of the youngest grain at 2683 ± 1 Ma provides a maximum age of deposition for the Raquette Lake Formation. The sheared unconformity on the western flank of the complex is overlain by the Patterson Lake formation, the
stratigraphy of which is described in detail.
Metamorphism in the Weldon Bay-Syme Lake area, Manitoba
Authors: Froese E
Published: March 2017

In the Weldon Bay-Syme Lake area, volcanic rocks of the Amisk Group (1.92-1.87 Ga) are overlain by greywacke of the Burntwood Group (1.85-1.84 Ga) and by lithic arenite and conglomerate of the Missi Group (1.85-1.83 Ga). These rocks were metamorphosed at
1.82-1.80 Ga.

At constant pressure, temperature, and H2O activity, and in the presence of quartz, plagioclase of constant composition, magnetite, and ilmenite, mineral assemblages in pelitic, ferromagnesian, and mafic rocks can be represented in the system

A = Al2O3 - (K2O + Na2O + CaO)

K = K2O

F = FeO - (Fe2O3 + TiO2)

M = MgO

A reaction grid among minerals in this system restricts the stability of the observed association of mineral assemblages to about 5.5 kbar and 620þC for an H2O activity of one, indicating a metamorphic grade somewhat greater than represented by the biotite-sillimanite-almandine
isograd.
Metallogenic features of the uranium-polymetallic mineralization of the Athabasca Basin, Alberta, and a comparison with other parts of the basin
Authors: Ruzicka V
Published: March 2017

Metallogenic studies of the Athabasca Basin metallogenic province in Alberta indicate favourability of the basement and overlying Athabasca Group rocks for uranium- polymetallic mineral deposits. The basement rocks include Archean and Aphebian granitoid and
Aphebian metasedimentary rocks with layers of pyritic graphitic metapelites. Regolith typically is present at the top of the basement rocks. Elevated values of uranium are associated with granitic rocks, particularly with alkali feldspar-rich granitoids, the Fishing Creek granitoids, and grey
foliated granitoids; and with felsic mylonite, chloritized graphitic-pyritic metapelite and altered pegmatoids. Nickel mineralization is associated locally with chloritized biotite gneiss. The Athabasca Group rocks contain polymetallic mineralization, particularly at the sub-Athabasca unconformity,
where it is intersected by faults. A typical polymetallic assemblage contains uranium, nickel, arsenic, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc. Elevated contents of chromium have been found in rocks of the study area.