bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Du rêve dans les romans de Philippe Sollers 1
Authors: Ness Clara
Published: July 2012

D’Une curieuse solitude publié en 1958 au Seuil à Une vie divine paru en 2006 chez Gallimard, Clara Ness propose une analyse psychanalytique du rêve dans les romans de Philippe Sollers. S’ils se présentent comme des chants amoureux où est saluée la chance d’exister, les romans sollersiens prennent leur source sur fond tragique. Placé en incipit, le rêve offre un terrain privilégié pour témoigner de ce côté obscur, voire morbide, de l’intelligence. Le but du héros ? Se tirer de cet « enfer » pour accéder à la lumière, à une certaine forme de « Paradis ».
Tabagisme et schizophrénie : impacts sur la maladie et son traitement
Authors: Légaré Nancy
Published: July 2012

La prévalence du tabagisme chez les individus souffrant de schizophrénie est élevée. Ceux-ci sont plus susceptibles d’être de gros fumeurs et de présenter une dépendance à la nicotine. Chez les schizophrènes, la nicotine corrige certaines anomalies neurophysiologiques comme les déficits de filtrage sensoriel. La normalisation de ces paramètres est liée à la stimulation d’un récepteur nicotinique particulier, le récepteur alpha-7. La prise d’antipsychotiques peut à la fois influencer le profil tabagique des personnes souffrant de schizophrénie et être influencée par le tabagisme. En effet, la fumée générée par la combustion du tabac induit le métabolisme de plusieurs antipsychotiques. La nicotine peut également atténuer certains effets indésirables liés à la prise de cette classe de médicaments. Tous ces éléments font foi des liens particuliers qui unissent la schizophrénie et son traitement au tabagisme.
Psychological Contract and Quality of Organizational Life
Authors: Battisti Martina , Fraccaroli Franco , Fasol Rino , Depolo Marco
Published: July 2012

This study assesses psychological contract using a feature-oriented approach which measures perceptions about employer and employee obligations along the dimensions of duration, tangibility, scope, stability/flexibility, contract level and exchange symmetry. Questionnaires were administered to 170 workers (23 males, 147 females) employed at a rest home in Northern Italy. The results confirm the hypothesized relation between the employee’s perceptions of employer obligations and the organizational role component of organizational life (in terms of low role ambiguity and high development expectations). Similarly, the hypothesized relation between the employee’s perceived obligations to the employer and the affective and motivational area is supported (in terms of affective commitment and perceived organizational justice). The results also show the importance of assessing the employee’s perceptions both of employer obligations and of her/his own obligations to the employer, considering the differentiated influence that each of them has on organizational life.
Mémoire sociale et perspectives temporelles futures de salariés à la suite d’une catastrophe industrielle
Authors: le Blanc Alexis , Mègemont Jean-Luc , Baubion-Broye Alain
Published: July 2012

Dans le contexte d’une catastrophe industrielle qui a entraîné la fermeture d’une usine chimique, les auteurs analysent le rôle que jouent la mémoire sociale et l’expérience antérieure au sein de l’organisation dans la construction de perspectives temporelles ouvertes sur des projets de reconversion, de mobilité ou de retraite anticipée. Les résultats obtenus par une analyse lexicale informatisée (ALCESTE) des entretiens semi directifs menés auprès de 15 salariés de l’usine permettent d’identifier quatre principales catégories de discours : 1) transition vers la préretraite, 2) Plan Social et possibilités de reconversion, 3) professionnalisation du métier, 4) spécificités du secteur d’activités. Pour chacune d’elles sont examinées les relations entre les modalités d’inscription des sujets dans la mémoire sociale et la définition de leurs perspectives temporelles futures. Cette étude permet d’appréhender les processus de construction de nouveaux rapports à l’organisation de travail à l’oeuvre dans une situation de transition spécifique, marquée par son caractère traumatique et son incertitude.
Les différentes postures à l’égard du travail salarié chez des jeunes vivant en situation de précarité
Authors: Robert Marie , Pelland Marie-Andrée
Published: July 2012

Bon nombre d’auteurs dans le champ de la sociologie de la jeunesse soutiennent que les transformations dans la sphère de travail (labour market) ont contraint « la jeunesse » à redéfinir son rapport au travail et la valeur qu’elle lui accorde. Peu d’études ont questionné si et comment ce mouvement atteint les jeunes en grande difficulté d’insertion sociale. Dans le cadre d’entretiens en profondeur (in-depth interviews) avec des jeunes vivant en situation de grande précarité (vulnerable and disavantaged), nous avons voulu connaître leur rapport au travail à travers leurs expériences et leurs perceptions du travail salarié.
La construction sociale du handicap
Authors: Piché Geneviève , Hubert Jérôme
Published: July 2012

Dans la société actuelle, où les interactions s’appuient sur la communication verbale, certains chercheurs suggèrent que les jeunes sourds sont plus susceptibles de vivre des émotions négatives intenses et de faire face à des situations de marginalisation sociale (Foster, 1998 ; Roots, 1999). En effet, d’une part, ces jeunes sourds éprouveraient davantage de difficultés de communication dans leurs milieux familial, social et scolaire que les jeunes entendants et, d’autre part, certains rapportent se sentir exclus socialement (Piché et Hubert, 2006). Ces résultats mettent en évidence, entre autres, l’importance de favoriser le développement des habiletés de communication des parents d’enfants sourds.
La notion de dangerosité, maladie infantile de la criminologie
Authors: Debuyst Christian
Published: July 2012

The accent is first of all on the fact (point 1) that the conception of dangerousness is a criminological construct based on the establishment of a causal model within the framework of an objective that is sought. It might be said that this objective is the control of criminal activities and behaviour of groups likely to threaten the social order.

It may be said that this point of view (point 2) makes any multidisciplinary approach relatively gratuitous because it does not allow the different disciplines to carry through their own logic.

The problem is (point 3) to know how to get rid of this notion without criminology losing its justification and the criminologist/practitioner his usefulness.
Théories et pratiques criminologiques : quand l’organisation mène le jeu
Authors: Lemire Guy
Published: July 2012

The analysis of plea bargaining and diversion shows how criminological theories and principles are shaped by organizational constraints; it also indicates the limits of theories and the need for practical knowledge. The concepts of control and power which are so suspicious to criminologists, should be replaced in an organizational perspective in order to give a new meaning to knowledge and praxis.
L’opinion publique et les politiques criminelles
Authors: Brillon Yves
Published: July 2012

Public opinion plays a role in crime policies to the extent that judges take it into consideration in their sentences and the government authorities rely on its support, for example, when changing certain laws (criminalizing or decriminalizing behaviour that is or is no longer disapproved of by the community). However, public opinion is not always based on fact. For example, the public holds that the majority of criminals are dangerous, whereas violent crimes constitute only from 6% to 10% of all crimes. The population believes that the death sentence is an effective deterrent, whereas crimi-nological research has shown that this is not so. The «vox populi» necessitates caution. It speaks “emotionally”, and although it must be heard, it is not always advisable to obey it.
La relance des bacheliers en criminologie de 1970 à 1983
Authors: Dionne Michèle
Published: July 2012

What is the situation on the labour market today for graduates of the School of Criminology who obtained their bachelor degrees from 1970 on? Based on the answers to a questionnaire covering the 14 years concerned, the professional careers of 546 of the 1001 graduates are traced and described. Of these, 48% are men and 52% women, 48% being between the ages of 25 and 30. The survey shows that two out of three graduates have jobs directly related to their training, that their principal employer is the civil service and that there is less room in the workplace for women than for men.
La carrière criminelle : définition et prédiction
Authors: LeBlanc Marc
Published: July 2012

The concept of a criminal «career» is being used more and more in the recent criminological literature. This article analyzes the pertinence of explaining this concept by its specific components. To do this, the criminal activities of a sample of adolescents and a group of wards of the Montreal Court between the ages of seven and twenty-five are described (precocity, frequency, variety, gravity, aggravation, violence, duration). Two stages were detected in the criminal career, their degree of stability and paths of development. The dynamics of the criminal activity are described. Finally, the predictability of an intensification of criminal activities is analyzed. Given the high degree of stability, predictability and mobility (marked by aggravation of the criminal activity), we conclude that recourse to the concept of a criminal career is essential to a better understanding and more accurate diagnosis of the process of acting out.
Les victimes sans crimes : le traitement pénal des accidents de travail
Authors: Lippel Katherine
Published: July 2012

More people die in Canada every year from work related accidents and illnesses than as a result of murder. More work days are lost to work accidents and illnesses than to strikes and lockouts. Yet the illegalities committed in the field of health and safety in the workplace are, for all intents and purposes, left unnoticed by the criminal justice system.

This article addresses the use of penal and criminal law in Quebec against employers who have violated health and safety legislation and the Criminal Code.

The first part examines the historical, political and social reasons why deaths and injuries in the work place are perceived as normal and inevitable, rather than as aberra -tions often of a criminal nature.

The second part examines the application of statutory legislation in Quebec, particularly the Act Respecting Occupational Health and Safety (R.S.Q. c. S-2.1). The nature of the offences therein provided for is studied, as well as the attitude of the judiciary and the Quebec Health and Safety Commission (C.S.S.T.) towards their application.

In the final section the relevant provisions of the Criminal Code are studied, in the light of the rare examples from case law where criminal negligence charges have been laid.

The article concludes with the assertion that a change of attitude both on the part of the state and on the part of public opinion is necessary if we wish that health and safety in the workplace be taken seriously by employers.
Le droit pénal de l’environnement : une garantie d'impunité ?
Authors: Grandbois Maryse
Published: July 2012

The limits of pollution authorized by law are constantly being exceeded in Quebec and throughout Canada, as evidenced by acid rain, the disposal of dangerous refuse in nature and the uncontrolled use of pesticides. The criminal law on the environment exists, to be sure, but its application is highly relative. In principle, certain infractions under the Criminal Code can be used against polluters but the State rarely makes use of them. As to the statutory criminal law -the main subject of this article - the author notes that it suffers from a lack of clarity and precision. Complex and unorganized, it is characterized by a multitude of infractions and a disparity of sanctions. However, the fact is that the public administration very seldom resorts to the provisions of this law to have industrial activities conform to the laws and regulations. When it does do so, very often the courts hesitate to impose sanctions of a truly deterrent nature. In spite of all this, the fact is that the main obstacle to the criminal law on the environment is the lack of firm determination on the part of the legislators and public administrations to use severe measures against polluters. As long as this political will is lacking, notes the author, certain major industrials will continue to contaminate the environment with impunity.
Les homicides entre délinquants : une analyse des conflits qui provoquent des règlements de comptes
Authors: Cordeau Gilbert
Published: July 2012

Certain conflicts between offenders over their illicit activities end in the murder of one of the protagonists. These homicides are refered to as settling of accounts. This article examines why and under what circumstances offenders choose to solve their differences by a settling of accounts. Three categories of conflicts between offenders were identified. The 444 cases of settling of accounts ending with 531 victims that occured in Quebec from 1970 to 1986 were analyzed within those categories. The findings indicate that these homicides occured in cases where the stakes were very high. This study also shows why certain criminal activities and certain illicit markets give rise to more settling of accounts than others.
Les entreprises de prostitution commerciale : les commerces éphémères des marchés illicites
Authors: Leguerrier Yves
Published: July 2012

This article concerns the commercial prostitution that was operating in the Montreal region from 1981 to 1985. An analysis of the police archives and the classified advertisements made it possible to reconstitute the decisions a criminal who wants to get into this market has to make with regard to the opportunities available and the specific requirements of his milieu (social and police-related). One of the major conclusions of this article is the transient structural nature of ventures in commercial prostitution. The results could be evidence of the temporary nature and instability of the criminal opportunities themselves.
La détention provisoire au Québec : une pratique judiciaire courante
Authors: Garceau Marie-Luce
Published: July 2012

Little is known in Québec about detention before sentencing also known as provisionnel detention. This is a study of the population admitted to provisionnel detention between 1981 and 1985. The author presents the conceptual framework in which this study was undertaken and, with the help of statistical data, she draws a portrait of the population concerned. The author points out there is a disparity between the theory and practice of provisionnel detention. Furthermore, it is used disproportionately for marginal groups of detained persons.
Où en est la situation de la violence envers les femmes dans le milieu familial, dix ans après les colloques sur la violence ?
Authors: Larouche Ginette , Gagné Louise
Published: July 2012

The article presents the situation regarding violence to women for the region of Montreal. The nature and extent of the problem is examined and the risk factors are dealt with from a multidimensional point of view. The community and para-public services associated with this problem are described briefly and an account is given of the impact of past and present action. Some future prospects are also introduced.
La réforme pénale et la réciprocité des droits
Authors: Pires Alvaro P.
Published: July 2012

This letter deals with two major questions. The first shows how the “program” of criminology which emerged in the 19th century contributes to a neutralisation of the impact of discussions concerning human rights in the case of punishment. To do this, the author compares two paradigms of penal reform. The second question tries to clarify the relations established in Quebec between the rights of prisoners and abolitionist alternatives from 1975 on.
La négociation des plaidoyers de culpabilité : une pratique hétérogène
Authors: Gravel Sylvie
Published: July 2012

This article presents the principal results of a study on plea bargaining at the Montreal Justice Hall. Various methods were adopted: observations, a thorough study of the files, interviews and analyses of the judicial statistics. The results show that negotiations vary considerably depending on the gravity of the offence concerned. In the case of a minor charge or a murder charge, the characteristics as well as the stakes and consequences of the plea bargaining are very different. In minor cases, the negotiations are reduced to their simplest form. They are a routine process of cooperation between the parties rather than bargaining to get an admission of guilt by promising the accused a reduced charge or sentence. On the contrary, the negotiations in murder cases take the traditional form of plea bargaining in which the power struggle is dominant. The study shows that it is in cases of murder than plea bargaining presents most difficulties.
Significations et interprétations de la gravité des événements violents : le cas des voies de fait traitées à la Cour municipale de Montréal
Authors: Nonn Éva
Published: July 2012

Based on the results of an empirical study on the judicial treatment of cases of assault and battery at the Municipal Court of Montreal, this article focuses on one particular aspect of this treatment, the classification of certain acts as infractions. Its object is to describe and analyze the socio-political and juridic factors that can influence the decisions made by the police and prosecutors when pronouncing the charges. By comparing these charges with the legal and extra-legal variables, we see a difference in the classification of similar cases depending on the family or social context. This supposes some difficulty in defining the criminal gravity of acts committed in conflicts involving parties bound by other bonds as well as their case before the court.
De la comparution à la décision pénale, le profil judiciaire de plus de 1 500 femmes
Authors: Fagnan Andrée B.
Published: July 2012

The Elizabeth Fry Society of Montreal conducted a study aimed at describing the judicial profile of women defendants from their appearance to their sentencing. This article presents the principal results of this study which concerns more than 1 500 women who appeared, in 1987, before the Quebec Criminal Court, at the Court houses at Montreal and Longueuil. Whether more than half these women are under 30 years of age, that they have never been charged before, that they are charged on one court only and of crimes against property, that they plead guilty and receive a probation order, very often the course of women through the judicial process is far from being linear. Once caught up in the system of judicial surveillance, there seems to be a sort of vicious circle established, where the system feeds the system, where the demeaning of the system becomes the offence that keeps these women within the system.
Les femmes et l’incarcération, le temps n'arrange rien
Authors: Biron Louise L.
Published: July 2012

Some of the issues related to the incarceration of women have long been denounced and are well documented in the current literature. This article attempts to report on the recommendations of the Task Force on federally sentenced women in Canada by indicating what were the underlying influences. Thus, the proposed policy is presented as deriving from a feminist analysis of the reality of the women in prison. It is also mentioned that, for various reasons, the implementation of such a policy may not follow the course initially intended, therefore it should be cautiously supervised.
Redresser les torts : l’abolitionnisme et le contrôle de la criminalité
Authors: de Haan Willem
Published: July 2012

In this article 'abolitionism' will be discussed as a social movement, a theoretical perspective, and a political strategy. Strategies for penal reform will be dealt with and the implications of the abolitionist perspective for crime control will be discussed. As a theoretical perspective, abolitionism takes on the twofold task of providing a radical critique of the criminal justice system while showing that there are other, more rational ways of dealing with crime. It will be argued that what is needed is a wide variety o social responses rather than a uniform state reaction to the problem of crime. Therefore, a reconceptualization of the notions of crime and punishment is offered in the form of the concept of redress. In policy terms it is claimed that social policy instead of crime policy is needed in dealing with the social problems and conflicts that are currently singled as the problem of crime.
Les liaisons dangereuses : Foucault et la criminologie
Authors: Lacombe Dany
Published: July 2012

With Discipline and Punish, Michel Foucault offered the social sciences a theory of power, and conceptual tools that radically transformed law reform studies. In criminology, for example, the social constructionist tradition, by drawing on Foucault's notion of power, increasingly inscribed law reform studies in a narrative of the dispersal of social control. Attempts to reform the criminal justice system are understood in terms of the increased penetration and expansion of social control into the whole of the social body ; thus, "nothing works !" In this article, I intend to challenge this conventional wisdom on law reform and the dispersion of social control, by demonstrating that it is founded on an essential-ist notion of power that we cannot attribute to Foucault. In light of his work on sexuality, and governmentality, I will examine how Foucault's productive notion of power is better understood in terms of "mechanisms for life", strategies that both constrain — through objectifying techniques — and enable — through subjectifying techniques — agency. The implications of Foucault's productive notion of power for law reform are examined in terms of methodological considerations.
La pensée postmoderne et la criminologie
Authors: Brodeur Jean-Paul
Published: July 2012

This article is an attempt to investigate the various meanings of the words "postmodernity", "postmodernism" and "postmodern". ft also assesses the significance of these words and of the concepts that they express for criminology. The paper is divided in three parts. The first part tries to dispell important misunderstandings that have sprung in relation to postmodernism. The most significant of these is the belief that there is such a thing as a postmodernist "method" in the social sciences. The second part identifies the origin of the term "postmodern" and discusses various themes which are perceived to be characteristic of postmodern thought. These themes are: the present legitimation crisis, the internal reflexivity of scientific theory, discourse analysis and meta-language, social and cultural fragmentation and historical pessimism. The last part draws the consequences of the preceding analyses for the development of criminology.
L’aigle et le castor : étude de la distribution spatiale de la criminalité aux États-Unis et au Canada
Authors: Ouimet Marc
Published: July 2012

In the last three decades, a number of researchers have undertook the comparison of American and Canadian crime rates. Among them, Lipset (1990) and Hagan (1991) have shown that violence was more frequent south of the border than north of it. To explain why crime was more frequent in the US than in Canada, those authors argued that differences in values and culture of each country's residents was the principal determinant of this situation. Using regional and infranational disaggregated crime rates, this article shows that differences in both country's crime rates are not univocal. For example, crime rates in Canada are not higher than those of Northern United States for three crimes out of four studied. What makes US crime rates appear much higher than the Canadian ones can be attributable to a small number of States and cities which have extraordinarily high crime rates.
La question du secret professionnel dans l’intervention clinique auprès des délinquants adultes
Authors: Lusignan Richard
Published: July 2012

The conditions and the rules of practice in clinical settings limit the client's right to confidentiality. These limits are reviewed in the case of criminologists : some limits are legal while others refer to the context, the expectations and the reticences shared by the speakers in presence.

In regard to past crimes and s elf-incrimination, these questions raise fundamental issues both to the level of ethics and administration of the penal justice. Besides the latter, is there a place for moral justice in our social control system ?
La concentration spatiale relative de la criminalité et son analyse : vers un renouvellement de la criminologie environnementale
Authors: Brantingham Patricia L. , Brantingham Paul J.
Published: July 2012

This particular article describes and applies one type of analysis borrowed from regional economics and regional planning to look at macro to micro patterns in criminal activity. The technique is called Location Quotients and is used to analyse the relative mix of crimes across areas. Location Quotients are shown to have their strongest potential in microanalysis of crime patterns. As an initial test of the technique's relativistic analytic value. Location Quotients for motor vehicle theft were calculated for several levels within a Canadian cone of resolution that descends from the provincial level to the individual level in the municipality of Burnaby, British Columbia.
Les victimes de viol devant les tribunaux à la fin du Moyen Âge d’après les sources dijonnaises et lyonnaises
Authors: Gonthier Nicole
Published: July 2012

At the end of the Middle Ages, the manner in which the courts of justice punished rapists clearly shows how seriously such crimes were judged at that time. Endeavoring to increase their juristic power and worrying that the propagation of rape would corrupt the entire society and threaten its survival, impelled the judges and their officials —princes, bishops, and municipal bodies — to deal with all complaints and to initiate inquiries about them. A study of the progressive steps undertaken in the preliminary investigations of these cases reveals that after an inquiry into the accuser's reputation, the judges demanded numerous proofs from the victim about the rape. Moreover, a clinical examination was demanded from a midwife. Thus, in addition to the scientific proof and the witness's statements, the investigators were able to arrive at a better assessment of the rapist. The rapist, in turn, under the distressful solitude in his cell where he had been incarcerated by the police as soon as the complaint was made, finally admitted to the crime and renounced having degraded and defamed his accuser, ft was then up to the court to punish the offender. These offenders were treated severely, particularly if they had attacked moral and social values by deflowering children and virgins.
L’homicide conjugal à Montréal, ses raisons, ses conditions et son déroulement
Authors: Cusson Maurice , Boisvert Raymonde
Published: July 2012

Conjugal homicide is a situation where one person murders another person with whom he or she is involved through a matrimonial, quasi-matrimonial or other romantic relationship, the study of this type of homicide is based on the entirety of conjugal murders known to police (77) and committed in different municipalities on the island of Montreal during two time periods, namely 1954 to 1962 and 1985 to 1989. The great majority of these crimes are committed by a man onto a woman. Analyses show that possessiveness — understood to be the desire of one person to exclusively control the other — is by far the reason which leads a man to murder the woman he supposedly loves. However, this desire to possess or control is not in itself sufficient for a man to execute his criminal activity, since a number of conditions must coexist : the woman questions her relationship with the man ; the man may physically strike the woman ; the man has the advantage of greater physical strength; the period of time involved is sufficiently lengthy allowing the crisis to develop and enter its critical phase and finally, the perpetrator succeeds in surpassing the inhibitions which initially impede one from killing another.
Une approche de l’étude du droit et du colonialisme : vers une perspective autohistorique amérindienne sur le changement juridique, la colonisation, les sexes et la résistance à la colonisation
Authors: Smandych Russell , Lee Gloria
Published: July 2012

This paper outlines the theoretical perspective we have developed to guide the research we are undertaking on law and colonialism in the Canadian west. Although developed specifically as a tool for defining the theoretical boundaries of our own research, this theoretical perspective may be applied more generally by researchers involved in research on the history of law and social control in colonial societies. The theoretical perspective that we propose is grounded in theoretical and empirical work from a number of different fields, including the history and sociology of social control, the study of legal pluralism, and the study of the process of colonization as it has been approached in recent years by feminist scholars and First Nations historians. The purpose of this paper is to show how this new Amerindian autohistorical perspective can be used to help generate research on the interconnected issues of legal change, colonization, gender, and resistance.
L’absence temporaire dans les établissements de détention du Québec
Authors: Landreville Pierre
Published: July 2012

In this article the author exposes the situation of prison overcrowding in facilities in the province of Québec. He brings forth the fact that leave of absences have been used to respond to this situation and states that these programs are acceptable means of managing carcéral populations. He bases his statements on the spacial comparison of the rates of leave of absences and the rates of overcrowding between 1989 and 1992, and this by various administrative regions of Québec.
Le syndrome de la femme fatale : « Matricide » et représentation féminine au Québec, 1898-1940
Authors: Bernier Joanne , Cellard André
Published: July 2012

Between 1867 and 1976, when the death penalty was abolished in Canada, sixteen women faced the death penalty in Québec for their crime. Five of them found guilty for murdering their husband. In a period where women had a specific role of spouse and mother, the murder of the husband was seen as the worst crime possible because it was seen as a transgression of their roles as women, wife and mother. This article examines the discourses of the judges and prosecutors in the trials of Québec women accused of killing their husbands. The authors tried to find common themes between these trials and clues that could explain why out of the five women executed in the recent history of Québec, four of them were for the same reason, because they had kill their husbands.
Violence conjugale, excuses patriarcales et défense de provocation
Authors: Côté Andrée
Published: July 2012

Canadian law provides many excuses for men who commit crimes of violence against women; this article analyses the defence of provocation, in light of the Common Law's historical bias in favour of male domination and of the current judicial treatment of conjugal femicide. The statutory defence of provocation partially excuses murder committed in a fit of anger, if the accused lost his self-control and if the legal authority is of the opinion that an "ordinary man", in the same circumstances, would also have been provoked by the victim to the point of losing his self-control and killing his spouse. Past and present case-law indicates that a threat to a man's right to sexually appropriate a woman is the paradigmatic foundation of this defence in cases of conjugal femicide. The plausibility of the "crime of passion" scenario is supported by popular culture and and by interpretative techniques that decontextualize the crime and render it susceptible to mythologization. The idea that men who commit crimes of violence against women "lose control" of themselves is a myth that has been debunked by social science research, but that lives on in the imagination of the legal profession. But why should we excuse crimes committed by men in anger, on a morbid desire to control "their" woman, but refuse to acknowledge the person who killed out of fear, or compassion ?
L’intervention auprès de jeunes mères et de leur enfant : perspective de la théorie de l’attachement
Authors: Tarabulsy George M. , Robitaille Julie , Lacharité Carl , Deslandes Julie , Coderre Rémi
Published: July 2012

The children of adolescent mothers are among those presenting the highest level of psychosocial risk, compromising their socio-emotional development on a number of levels. Several intervention strategies have been designed to address some of the problems that characterize these mother-infant dyads. While these strategies have proven to be beneficial to young mothers, relatively little impact has been found on the level of infant and child development. The purpose of this article is to address the issue of intervention aimed at adolescent mothers and their infant, and underline that the relational dimension, while absent from most intervention programs, is necessary to our understanding of the problems presented by these dyads. An intervention program, currently undergoing evaluation, is described having as a main objective the improvement of the early mother-infant relationship. Attachment theory is presented as an organizing construct. Characteristics of the intervention, as well as the evaluation strategy, are described.
Prévention de la délinquance : le rôle médiateur des pairs
Authors: Vitaro Frank , Tremblay Richard E.
Published: July 2012

The objective of this study was to test whether friends' characteristics mediated the link between early reduction of disruptive behavior and later reduction of delinquency (through a prevention program). The prevention program includes two components : social-cognitive-skills training for boys and parent-skills training at home. It was applied over a two-year period when the subjects were 8- and 9-year-old. Subjects were low SES boys rated as disruptive by their kindergarten teachers. They were randomly assigned to a prevention or a control condition. Their friends ' aggressiveness was rated by classmates over a three-year period following the end of the prevention program. Subjects reported on their delinquent behaviors when they were 13- and 14-year-old. Results indicate that friends' aggressiveness partially mediated the impact of the program on preventing delinquency. However, compared to the control boys, other mediating variables might also have played a role.
La sécurité privée : le phénomène, la contreverse, l’avenir
Authors: Cusson Maurice
Published: July 2012

This article deals with four themes on private security. First, private security is defined as a protection supplied to organizations targeting the specific needs of any given organization. Second, the expansion of private security is seen as resulting from the convergence between a real demand for security and a superior supply than the one offered by the police. Third, the article deals with questions regarding private security involving private live-Finally, it is argued that the future of private security lies in two trends : (1) technologicial integration and (2) sophisticated planning and problem solving.
Sécurité privée au Québec, un marché en évolution ?
Authors: Degailler Fabienne
Published: July 2012

The majority of studies centering on the evolution of private security use a count of agents, agencies, or both as a focus of analysis. This article is concerned with the possible biases and validity problems related to such indicators. An economic framework is, in turn, proposed to study the market and evolution of private security. Trends observed include a decline in the market for guarding and an increase in the private investigation market, with the later, however, continuing to represent only a small share of the overall private security market. It is argued that one cannot conclude on the decline in the overall market for private security because data on expanding and new technologies in the field are lacking.
Comment règle-t-on le problème du vol à l'étalage dans les espaces commerciaux français ?
Authors: Ocqueteau Frédéric , Pottier Marie-Lys
Published: July 2012

Based on the quantitative data derived from the files of various large shopping centers in France, a set of criminal events (i.e. shop-lefting) are analysed. The article meets two concerns : (1) assessing the autonomy of private police via a calculation of the proportion of non-referals of cases to the police and to court and (2) understanding the signification given by private police agents to practices of externalisation of disputes. The key determinant relativising the concept of private policing is the confidence negotiated by the directors of large distribution organizations with public police. In fact, private regulation is not necessarily contradictory with legality, if public actors define their rules on private spaces receiving the public, in matter of policing, after having taken the exact measure of the incidents which affect them.
Mesure de résultats des travaux communautaires chez les jeunes contrevenants : l’I.É.R.T.C.
Authors: Carrier Suzanne , Fortin Daniel , Paquet Danielle
Published: July 2012

The community work program is designed for young offenders between the ages of 12 and 17. Participants are allowed to make restitution for their delinquent acts by working a certain number of hours in a neighborhood organization. Aside from this work aspect, the program also aims at arriving at various short-term results that serve as indications of the program's impact on participants. The lack of instruments able to systematically collect data for this purpose led to the creation of the Community Work Evaluation Tool (CWET). Grounded in the objectives of the community work program, the CWET measures the process by which its 13 items were arrived at, its validation and its psychometric properties. The CWET is argued to be a valid tool for evaluating the effects of such a program. These effects fall along four areas: (1) the personal evolution of each participant; (2) the participant's commitment to the completion of the program; (3) relationships between participants; and (4) the participant's attitude and openness toward the community.
“The Japanese Village” and the Metropolitan Construction of Modernity
Authors: McLaughlin Joseph
Published: July 2012

This article details the history of “The Japanese Village” exhibition in late-Victorian Knightsbridge. This exhibition, which opened two months before the premier of Gilbert and Sullivan’s The Mikado in March 1885, provides an opportunity to deepen our understanding of the variety of ways Japan was represented to and by Victorian audiences. In addition to describing the event, the essay studies newspaper accounts of the exhibition's destruction by fire and subsequent rebuilding, a narrative that promotes a distinction between the picturesque ephemerality of a traditional village and the metropolitan settings in which it was staged and contained.
“The Policy of Geography”: Cavour’s Considerations, European Geopolitics, and Ireland in the 1840s
Authors: Wright Julia M.
Published: July 2012

This essay considers an 1845 English translation by “A Friend to Ireland” of a French essay on Irish politics by the Italian nationalist Count Cavour, Considerations on the Present State and Future Prospects of Ireland. Irish aspirations to national sovereignty are, in Considerations, insistently distinguished from, and represented as insignificant in relation to, a universal history in which the British Empire leads the globe towards modernity and liberalism on terms that register the ways in which universal history and geopolitics sanction opposing views of global relations and the foundations of sovereignty.
The British Empire Revisited Through the Lens of the Eastern Question
Authors: Tchaprazov Stoyan
Published: July 2012

The Bulgarians are rendered helpless in the rhetoric of the Bulgarian Agitation, a movement in Britain that produced numerous texts in response to the Ottoman massacre of thousands of Bulgarians after their uprising in April 1876. The compassion shown for the Bulgarian victims in the rhetoric of the Agitation is sincere only in moral and humane terms; open and direct political solidarity with the Bulgarians’ strident appeals for independence is missing from it. Even the morally and culturally charged pro-Agitation arguments launched by Gladstone and his followers conformed to British national interests, especially as contrasted to Bulgarian viewpoints.
The Decadent Counterpublic
Authors: Potolsky Matthew
Published: July 2012

This paper argues that decadent writers were highly self-conscious about their relationship to their readers, and that they regarded this relationship as a form of anti-nationalist political critique. Drawing upon Michael Warner’s notion of a “counterpublic,” the paper demonstrates the way two writers from the period—Charles Baudelaire and Aubrey Beardsely—depict and encourage the formation of cosmopolitan communities of taste in and through their accounts of the Tannhäuser legend.
Le temps décomposé
Authors: Habib André
Published: July 2012

Une façon d’aborder « l’imaginaire de la ruine au cinéma » consiste à interroger moins la présence de la ruine au cinéma que la ruine du film en tant que tel et les usages singuliers auxquels elle donne lieu. Cet article se penche sur une « poétique des ruines » contemporaine, à l’oeuvre dans la pratique de plusieurs cinéastes expérimentaux qui explorent les possibilités expressives de la pellicule abîmée ou fragmentée, et sur le singulier « goût de l’archive » qui lui est associé, en insistant tout particulièrement sur un film de Bill Morrison, Light is Calling (2003). L’auteur tente d’analyser la relation entre temps, ruines et cinéma, et de réfléchir aux modalités contemporaines d’une nouvelle mélancolie des ruines.
Les pierres du temps
Authors: Makarius Michel
Published: July 2012

« C’est tout l’attrait des ruines de permettre qu’une oeuvre humaine soit presque perçue comme un produit de la nature ». Tout en confirmant cette thèse de Simmel, le premier Romantisme (Novalis, Schiller) développe une « rêverie minéralogique » (Breton) où nature et culture échangent leurs signes : l’art est apprécié pour son matériau naturel tandis que les formes de la nature sont envisagées sous leur aspect esthétique. En interrogeant cette rêverie dans le cadre de la modernité du Land Art de Robert Smithson, nous voyons comment, là encore, la proposition de Simmel s’inverse de telle sorte que c’est tout l’attrait des ruines de permettre qu’une oeuvre de la nature soit presque perçue comme un produit de l’art.
La carnavalisation du religieux dans la littérature migrante au Québec
Authors: Benalil Mounia
Published: July 2012

Il va sans dire que l’écriture migrante au Québec travaille à la refonte des perspectives de l’identitaire québécois. Chez certains écrivains de l’émigration comme Dany Laferrière, la thématisation du phénomène religieux est une façon de poser la problématique du dialogue intercuturel et des conditions politiques et culturelles de sa réalisation au sein de la société d’accueil. Dans cet article, je me propose d’interroger l’architectonie religieuse de Comment faire l’amour avec un Nègre sans se fatiguer de Dany Laferrière pour montrer que, si l’auteur se sert de l’islam et du Coran pour réviser la condition des Noirs au Québec, la représentation de cet islam aboutit à un dialogue – classiquement – problématique avec l’Orient musulman en tant qu’altérité objective et concrète. Le savoir sur l’islam proposé dans le roman est médiatisé par le kitsch et par le stéréotype qui inscrivent la démarche de l’auteur dans la mouvance d’une esthétique orientaliste québécoise où le rapport à l’Autre reste très limité. Cet Autre ici est le musulman reculé de l’Histoire, l’étranger schizophrène sans repères fixes. L’intervention et la préfabrication de l’islam chez Laferrière aboutit à une sorte d’islamisme (ou d’expérience de l’islam) qui est de l’ordre de la « flottaison ». Si cette tendance est propre au récit de la postmodernité en général, elle demeure problématique dans la conjugaison d’un véritable dialogue avec l’Autre.
La mobilisation pour la vie sauve des époux Rosenberg : singularité de la cause ou inscription du mouvement dans une tradition de solidarité par-delà les frontières ?
Authors: Codaccioni Vanessa
Published: July 2012

L’action solidaire pour sauver la vie des époux Rosenberg (1951-1953) a largement franchi le cadre des frontières américaines, les mobilisations européennes dépassant même l’ampleur du mouvement initial. Cet article, s’appuyant particulièrement sur le cas français, vise à mettre à jour les mécanismes permettant l’émergence et le développement d’une solidarité par delà les frontières, mais aussi d’en révéler, notamment par la comparaison avec d’autres campagnes menées par le mouvement communiste international, l’historicité.
Contraintes nationales et changement d’échelle dans l’activisme transnational
Authors: Giugni Marco , Bandler Marko , Eggert Nina
Published: July 2012

Cet article explore chacun des trois éléments principaux du programme de recherche classique pour l’étude des mouvements sociaux (opportunités politiques, structures de mobilisation et processus de cadrage) afin d’évaluer leur rôle dans l’activisme transnational. L’idée d’émergence d’une société civile globale est sous-jacente dans plusieurs analyses du mouvement pour une justice globale. Un certain nombre d’auteurs prétendent que le nouveau cycle de protestation (transnational) témoigne de l’émergence d’un mouvement de mouvements ainsi que d’une société civile mondiale et reflète le déclin des formes de protestation qui s’adressent au plan national. Ce type d’argument ne gagne pas notre faveur ; selon nous, il néglige l’impact crucial de certains facteurs locaux et surestime l’idée de l’émergence de la société civile transnationale. Nous défendons plutôt l’idée que chacun des cycles de manifestations repose sur des structures de mobilisation et des épisodes do contestation préalables
Cosmopolites enracinés et militants transnationaux
Authors: Tarrow Sydney
Published: July 2012

Les cosmopolites enracinés forment aujourd’hui une partie importante des groupes et des individus impliqués dans le militantisme social. S’appuyant sur les changements technologiques, l’intégration économique et les réseaux culturels, ce phénomène trouve son expression la plus frappante dans la mobilisation de jeunes militants à des manifestations organisées hors de leur propre pays, ce qu’on nomme le militantisme transnational. À partir de la définition relationnelle (et non cognitive) du cosmopolitisme, plusieurs figures du « cosmopolitisme enraciné » sont présentées, qui correspondent à autant de formes distinctes de militantisme transnational.