bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Reaction Selectivity Using CFD-Based Compartmental Modeling and Surrogate-Based Optimization
Authors: Yang Shu , Kiang San , Farzan Parham , Ierapetritou Marianthi
Published: November 2018

Mixing is considered as a critical process parameter (CPP) during process development due to its significant influence on reaction selectivity and process safety. Nevertheless, mixing issues are difficult to identify and solve owing to their complexity and dependence on knowledge of kinetics and hydrodynamics. In this paper, we proposed an optimization methodology using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based compartmental modelling to improve mixing and reaction selectivity. More importantly, we have demonstrated that through the implementation of surrogate-based optimization, the proposed methodology can be used as a computationally non-intensive way for rapid process development of reaction unit operations. For illustration purpose, reaction selectivity of a process with Bourne competitive reaction network is discussed. Results demonstrate that we can improve reaction selectivity by dynamically controlling rates and locations of feeding in the reactor. The proposed methodology incorporates mechanistic understanding of the reaction kinetics together with an efficient optimization algorithm to determine the optimal process operation and thus can serve as a tool for quality-by-design (QbD) during product development stage.
Ensino de História e temas sensíveis: abordagens teórico-metodológicas
Authors: Gil Carmem Zeli de Vargas , Camargo Jonas
Published: November 2018

O propósito deste artigo é apresentar reflexões sobre o trabalho com temas sensíveis no contexto do ensino (disciplina de Estágio de docência em História) e da pesquisa (dissertação de Mestrado Profissional em Ensino de História). Apresentamos a escrita na forma de um diálogo a muitas mãos que busca compreender os sentidos atribuídos pelos atores-em-relação ao processo vivido em aulas de História. Esta forma de escrita se sustenta também na concepção de que a abordagem de temas sensíveis reivindica um registro o mais plural possível, possibilitando que diferentes vozes se apresentem no diálogo: a professora, o professor, os alunos, as alunas, os acadêmicos e as acadêmicas, os autores e as autoras escolhidos.
“Africa en Argentina. Enseñando historia africana en las universidades argentinas”
Authors: Pineau Marisa
Published: November 2018

Todavía hoy la Argentina es vista por muchos (tanto a nivel doméstico como internacional) como un país de blancos, poblado mayormente por descendientes de europeos y tomando en poca consideración la participación de los pueblos originarios, africanos y de otras regiones del mundo en la construcción del estado nacional.  Aún con este imaginario social extendido y con diferencias de acuerdo a las coyunturas políticas internas, en las universidades nacionales argentinas hay un interés por los estudios de historia de Africa que se remonta al momento de sus independencias y que se ha consolidado en el siglo XXI. En este trabajo nos proponemos reflexionar sobre los alcances y los límites de enseñar historia de Africa en Argentina, a partir de las experiencias desarrolladas en la Universidad de Buenos Aires, poniendo especial énfasis en las discusiones sobre interculturalidad, derechos humanos y cuestiones raciales.
Apresentação- Dossiê: Ensino de História, Direitos Humanos e Temas Sensíveis.
Authors: Andrade Juliana Alves de , Gil Carmem Zeli de Vargas , Balestra Juliana Pirola
Published: November 2018

O dossiê intitulado Ensino de História, Direitos Humanos e Temas Sensíveis apresenta um conjunto de reflexões sobre a experiência latino-americana (Argentina, Chile, Uruguai e Brasil) no campo da aprendizagem história, educação em direitos humanos e temas sensíveis. Para tal, os pesquisadores abordarão como as aulas de história problematizam temas do passado recente (ditadura civil-militar, migrações contemporâneas...) e questões relativas à violação dos direitos humanos, bem como os desafios enfrentados pelos docentes no cotidiano escolar para historicizar temas ligadas ao preconceito racial, regional, social e cultural. Os artigos que compõem o dossiê ainda apresentam reflexões sobre a cultura política dos jovens no Chile, Uruguay e Brasil ao discutir as ideias dessa geração sobre fatos políticos do período de transição democrática. Por fim, os autores trazem reflexões sobre o desafio de formar o professor/pesquisador em História a partir de perspectiva em Direitos Humanos ou ainda como o ensino de história pode se tornar um espaço para reconciliação em situações afetadas por conflitos e violência.
Application of Degradable Alloys in Gas Lift Valve
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Xu Zhiyue , Chaemchaeng Parvinee
Published: November 2018

One of the limitations of the conventional gas lift system is that it requires wireline intervention step to swap the dummy gas-lift valve placed to facilitate well-pressurization with a live gas-lift valve needed for well production. This wireline intervention step can be costly, can cause HS&E issues, and can delay the hydrocarbon production. Hence, operators look for ways of bringing well to production without having to employ the wireline intervention.

The current paper discusses an intelligent gas-lift valve, which switches from a "dummy valve" configuration to "live valve" configuration without the need of external wireline intervention. The switch from dummy to live valve occurs via use of a temporary dis-integrable plug made out of proprietary degradable alloy, which completely degrades away in the well after the duration chosen by the operation. The valve design, the degradable alloy's property, and laboratory results aimed at demonstrating the usefulness of the intelligent GLV is discussed.
Rapid and Comprehensive Artificial Lift Systems Performance Analysis Through Data Analytics, Diagnostics and Solution Evaluation
Authors: Deng Lichi , Davani Ehsan , Darabi Hamed , Suicmez Vural Sander , Castiñeira David
Published: November 2018

Artificial lift systems (ALS) should be thoroughly analyzed to minimize non-productive time, increase production and reserves, reduce cost and failure, and maximize capital efficiency. This work proposes a novel systematic for ALS analysis approach that implements data analytics for historical performance tracking and benchmarking, heuristic diagnostics for suboptimal identification, and reliable model-based solutions for opportunity evaluation. The proposed methodology follows the principles of integrated reservoir management and greatly reduces the time to manage ALS systems by combining expert knowledge, data analysis with model-based calculation in pursuit of extreme efficiency and high accuracy. Our efficient workflow builds from intelligent data pre-processing capabilities, which facilitate fast and structured analysis of complex datasets. The metrics and scoreboard are intuitive, comprehensive and unique, and are scarcely documented in technical literature. These evaluations from various aspects generate different paths for asset management with diversified views.

By following a very systematic approach and incorporating industry standards and propriety analysis and metrics, this workflow leads to fast delivery of analysis/results that enable production engineers to make smarter decisions faster. Our solution makes the analysis unbiased, and integration of new datasets super easy. This could greatly benefit executive decision-making and operational practices in a field.
Pilot Installation of In-Well Digital Gas Lift System in PTTEP Sirikit Oilfield
Authors: Sompopsart Suwin , Toempromraj Wararit , Nadoon Apiwat , Chandakaew Rossawan , Weeramethachai Deephrom , Kiatrabile Thanita , Ben Amara Abdel , Makin Graham , Faux Stephen , Watson Peter
Published: November 2018

Objectives/Scope

This paper describes one of the first worldwide pilot implementations of a new generation of downhole digital gas lift system. This system brings a step change in the way gas lifted fields are completed and operated. In a joint effort between operator PTTEP and service company Silverwell, this digital intelligent system was successfully installed in one development well which deviated and depth around 7500 ft in the Sirikit onshore oilfield of Thailand. Well completion and commissioning were done in January 2017.

Methods, Procedures, Process

The digital and intelligent artificial lift technology is an in-well gas lift system that overcomes the well design and operational limitations of existing side-pocket mandrels and valves. This system enables the operator to optimize gas injection rate, and change the depth of injection to satisfy well conditions, and without any intervention required. Each in-well unit features up to six different sized orifice valves to accommodate a wide range of unloading and production conditions, as well as in-built pressure and temperature sensing capability. As reservoir conditions change the injection orifice can be remotely adjusted from surface and confirmed in real-time. Multiple in-well units can be connected by a single ¼" TEC cable.

Results, Observations, Conclusions

With regards to reservoir properties from logs and performance of near-by wells, PTTEP was expecting a fast decline in reservoir pressure. Therefore, the flexibility and real time optimization of the Silverwell system allowed them to monitor closely the changing reservoir conditions and adapt gas lift accordingly. The benefits observed in terms of reductions of interventions, production optimization and gas savings will be described in this paper.

Novel/Additive Information

One of the first worldwide pilot implementations of a new generation of downhole digital gas lift system, with results and benefits detailed in this paper.
Improvement of PCP's Run Life in Highly Deviated and Tortuous Wells Using Novel Design in Rod Strings: A Case of Study
Authors: Castillo Ivan Camilo , Valderrama Jasmine , Godoy Fernando
Published: November 2018

In this paper, the experiences of the use of a novel rod string design to improve the Run Life of the PCP system in highly deviated and tortuous wells are shared. These wells presented premature and recurrent failures in the rod string. The results are contrasted with real cases in the same wells where the conventional and continuous rods failed in a brief period.

Through a detailed RCFA (Root Cause Failure Analysis), it was determined that the main failure mechanism was due to fatigue in high DogLeg areas. To solve this problem, design simulations were carried out, by locating hollow rods in these zones and applying the Von Misses method to determine the effective stress due to torque and axial load, comparing these values with previous designs.

The hollow rod geometry allows for a greater polar moment of inertia, which causes the effective stress to be lower in high DogLeg points, making the string more resistant to axial and torsional stresses. The comparison was made between two widely used types of rods in two wells of a Colombian Field, with angles up to 50 degrees and DLS of 7.8° / 100 ft. The major benefit of the implementation of this design is that it managed to raise average run life from 45 days to 180 days, without presenting failure in the rod string.

This study is important because operating companies must reduce operating expense (OPEX) by optimizing the components in artificial lift systems, like the rod string in PCP, minimizing the frequencies of well interventions.

The methodology and design presented in the article can be replicated for other wells that have similar geometries and operating conditions to those of the explained cases, with the application of hollow rods as an alternative to conventional designs.
Real-Time Remote Monitoring to Enhance Electrical Submersible Pump System Run Life and Maximize Production
Authors: El Mahbes Reda , Manfoumbi Wilfried , Kadio-Morokro Benedicte
Published: November 2018

The advent of US unconventional completion presents new challenges for electrical submersible pump (ESP) systems. Rapid production decline from fractured unconventional wells, solid production, and high amount of gas are considered the main challenges for ESP system performance and longevity. In addition to production decline and high free gas, unconventional wells introduce scale, gas slugs, and solids. Consequently, it is important to monitor ESP systems to optimize performance, to detect anomalies, and prevent potential failure. This paper discusses multiple case histories where real-time remote monitoring was deployed to overcome unconventional wells challenges.

Real-time ESP monitoring uses downhole and surface data such as pressure, temperature, vibration, production data, motor load, and many other parameters to monitor the system performance. The data are stored in several servers and interfaced in real time with production engineers or production analysts through a web browser for analysis, optimization, and diagnosis of any potential failures. Monitoring helps to identify opportunities for maximizing accumulated oil production and reducing ESP system downtime. Remote monitoring provides analysts with access to the well for remote ESP optimization that significantly reduces the number of ESP shutdowns and decreases HSE incidents related to field trips and interfacing with surface units.

This paper presents a comparison between ESP performance before and after remotely adjusting the operation parameters using the monitoring system. The result shows how real-time monitoring system improved ESP system run life and maximized oil production. In addition, we look into details how the monitoring system enhances overall ESP efficiency and reduces the number of trips to the wellsite to adjust the operation parameters. ESP monitoring provides the operator with a good indication of issues related to scale, paraffin, asphaltenes, or system plugging to start chemical treatment promptly. In addition, this paper discuss how remotely modifying the ESP variable-speed drive (VSD) operating mode reduced ESP repeated shutdowns due to possible gas interference.
Sucker Rod Pumping System Optimisation Based on a Novel Finite Elements Analysis
Authors: Clemens Langbauer
Published: November 2018

The increase in global oil consumption in combination with low to moderate oil prices pushes the demand for cost efficient production in mature oil fields, which often employ any artificial lift system. The reduction of lifting costs by increasing efficiency is essential for extending the mean time between failure (MTBF), the recovery factor of the reservoir and the increase of the economic limit.

These goals can be achieved by applying a novel Finite Elements Method (FEM) for modeling and analyzing the behavior of the sucker rod string and the installed completion. These results are the basis for an optimization of the whole pumping system. Not just the subsurface components are considered, but also the surface pump jack is incorporated as well. The evaluation of the performance of existing units is performed by applying a diagnostic analysis. Also, a predictive analysis to optimize the performance and to design new pumping systems, represent the main targets.

This paper presents the capabilities and the concept employed for analyzing the sucker rod pumping system, based on the results of the sucker rod string FEM – simulation, including surface pump jack features and downhole pump characteristics. The model and the simulation results are verified on the one hand by a comparison with downhole dynamometer measurements, obtained by several self-developed DDS (Downhole Dynamometer Sensor) during field tests and on the other hand by tests at the Pump Testing Facility (PTF) at the Montanuniversität Leoben. The accuracy of the used simulation routine surpasses all currently available commercial software products and also allows the highest flexibility in terms of sucker rod string composition, operation conditions, fluid conditions and the choice of installed equipment.

A comparison conducted on the efficiency and performance of a standard sucker rod pumping system design and an optimized sucker rod pumping system design resulted beside rod string load reductions in the increased energy efficiency of more than 30%.
The Application of Big Data Analysis in the Optimizing and Selecting Artificial Lift Methods
Authors: Shi Junfeng , Han Qiqing , Ren Xianghui , Zhang Xishun , Zhao Ruidong , Chen Shiwen , Li Qiming , Zheng Xiaoxiong
Published: November 2018

A reasonable method of artificial lift is the guarantee of efficient production of mechanical producing wells during the whole life cycle, however, there are many factors affecting the choice of artificial lift methods and most factors cannot be described with mathematical model. As a result, artificial lift method selecting mainly depends on expert experiences, and incorrect decision will lead to huge economic loss. In China, there are a large number of mechanical producing wells, and the large amount of data generated by artificial lift is of great value, which contains the adaptability of different types of oil wells to different artificial lift methods. This paper selects 11 parameters, such as well reservoir properties, maximum fluid production, well trajectory, pump depth, production gas oil ratio, pump inspection period, and production maintenance frequency as influence factors. The total data of 30,000 Wells of CNPC was initially selected as the big data analysis sample. An effect evaluation function is established taking pump efficiency, power consumption with lifting per ton liquid 100m, annual operating maintenance cost into account, then the oil well samples is selected further according the value of effect evaluation function, which will participate in machine learning. The paper present a neural network model based on deep reinforcement learning here, which can select the optimal artificial lift method by using influence factors and effect evaluation function. This model uses strategy gradient algorithm to train the samples. Experimental results show that the neural network model has fast convergence and high prediction accuracy. With the application of this model, artificial lift method selecting and effect analysis have been conducted for more than 4,000 oil wells of CNPC with different reservoir characteristics, different wellbore structures, and different fluid characteristics. The coincidence rate between calculation results of this model and actual production situation is 88.43%. Big data analysis provides a reliable, practical and intelligent method for optimizing and selecting artificial lift.
Towards a Fully Automated Well Management System for ESP Surveillance and Optimization in PDO
Authors: Kulkarni Rahul , Al-Bimani Atika , Marin Antonio Andrade , Awaid Abdullah , Balushi Issa , Al-Busaidy Salim , Al-Murad Mohammed , Kumar Nitish , Gala Rahul , Marin Eduardo
Published: November 2018

Objective/Scope

Achieve operational excellence in field of Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) surveillance and optimization by benefitting Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) asset teams in identifying optimization opportunities, use of real time data for well test validation and improving overall asset KPIs (Key Performance Indicator) through a fully automated Well Management System (WMS).

Methods, Procedures and Process

The ESP well models are built and sustained in WMS by automated processes to update recent well model information from PDO corporate databases.

WMS provides real time well and pump information, along with well model based calculated outputs, pump operational status, workbenches to validate well tests, design inputs, modeling sensitivities for users to perform daily tasks using well-defined standard operating procedures.

Operating envelopes based Exception Based Surveillance (EBS) were improved by replacing them with pattern recognition based EBS to improve accuracy, avoid wastage of time and resources. Continuous hands on coaching were conducted to users to strengthen their skills.

Benefits, Results, Observations, Conclusions

Since implementation of WMS, it has maintained more than 1600 ESP well by building well models automatically for new or workover ESP wells successfully saving huge effort and time from engineers in gathering data and building model.

Production Engineers have created more than 100 ESP design input datasheet using the WMS resulting in improved ESP design by avoiding human errors.

WMS have already supported assets in identifying around 138 ESP wells with optimization opportunity resulting in increasing around 3 % net oil gain only in year 2017.

Real time pump operational status calculation from WMS and sensitivity (Tubing Head Pressure and Hz) based operating point analysis reduced upthrust / downthrust ESP wells by ~50% across PDO in few months.

Early detection through Pattern Recognition based EBS has resulted in minimizing ESP downtime by around 30% through quick realization of sub-optimum wells.

Validating well tests utilizing downhole gauge data has helped in identifying dubious well tests because of faulty well test equipments thus saving time and money for sequencing the well for re-test and improving allocation.

A proper tool and SOPs utilization tracking mechanism is already in place highlighting areas for continuous improvement.

Novel Ideas

The utilization of real time data and well model together has proven to be a unique and novel way in improving ESP surveillance and optimization for managing around 1600 wells.

The replication of same methodology is already undertaken for Progressive Cavity Pump (PCP) and Beam Pump (BP) surveillance and optimization utilizing WMS for PDO assets.
Design Tolerance of Artificial Lifting of High Productivity Wells; What Makes it Fail?
Authors: Qahtani Abdullah Al , Qahtani Bader Al
Published: November 2018

Uncertainties in design considerations are usually attributed to unknown data in new wells, or unknown conditions from using the wrong model of calculation. This issue is exacerbated in extended, undulated horizontal wells, drilled in high productivity formations, with multiphase flow and experiencing transient flow, where the drilled wellbore is assumed fully contributing to flow while it is not. In addition, well productivity along the producing section will change with the onset of water or gas production. Additionally, multiphase flow through artificial lift systems, like ESP's, have been a challenge.

This paper presents analytical solutions for calculating the productivity index of extended reach wells lifted with electric submersible pumps. In addition, it presents examples of design tolerance calculations of artificial lifting in high productivity horizontal wells with lower productivity indices than expected. In furthermore, it manifests the compounded effect of inherent errors in classical pressure traverse calculations typically used to design artificial lifting. More importantly, it quantity the amount of performance degradation attributed to the wrong design attributes/calculations, and shows how much tolerance available before premature failures occur. Calculations show that inaccurate well productivity data for wells, that are assumed highly productive, could make pumps fail to design incompatibility and make pumps run beyond efficient envelope.
Gas Lifted and Naturally Flowing Wells Exception Process via GIS - A State of the Art Surveillance Process
Authors: Nooraldeen Yasser , Derbas Zainab , Zainal Yousif , Esbai Rami , AlQassab Khalil , Alkooheji Hamza , Almal Mohamed , Bandla Kranthi , AlNowakhda Ali , Samineni Sreeharshan
Published: November 2018

In today's world of increased automation and large data, Geographical Information Systems ("GIS") technology has been proven to be a useful component in the oil industry. Through the integration of GIS with critical production engineering and oil wells operations, a prime example of such uses have been realised at Tatweer Petroleum ("Tatweer"). Real-time data streaming from the Bahrain Field ("Bahrain Field" or "Field") has been integrated with GIS to deliver an advanced insight into the production environment leading to profound improvements in control and operation.

The GIS, Information Technology, and the Production Engineering teams at Tatweer collaborated to develop a unique application to highlight operations awareness of critical operational events using real-time streaming data imposed on a spatial map.Surveillance and Control of Operation Production Environment ("SCOPE") is a pilot application covering specific traits related to Tatweer's producing wells which focuses on seven traits - (alarms for events such as High Flowline Pressure, Dead Wells, Shut-ins, Transmitters Errors, etc.)

SCOPE is an application that was developed by using available tools by focusing on integrating and complementing existing applications and data sources. SCOPE is developed using GIS and real-time data management software which replicates the Bahrain field information on SCOPE within one (1) minute, focusing at well level as Iconics stop at facilities (i.e. Tank Battery/ Well Manifold) and obtaining data from different sources to one dashboard screen. Anomalies can be detected as cluster events, analyzing data to indicate post-events and pre-event and provides a decision tool to acknowledge and take action for particular problematic wells, and measures their efficiency (Key Performance Indicators).
It's Raining Barrels: Cloud Computing in the O&G Industry
Authors: Kumar Arvind , Dutt Ankit , Nahar Siddhartha , Batshas Siddhanta , Majumdar Chandan , Saraiya Rasesh , Sarkar Subhadeep , Chatterjee Chandreyi
Published: November 2018

Cloud computing has become the buzz word in the last few years. All the service industries from different fields are using cloud computing based data analytics to optimize their operations in order to improve the customer user experiences and the overall efficiency. It is mainly due to the use of high volume computing backed by significant development in advanced hardware capabilities. This paper describes the ‘what’, ‘why’ and ‘how’ based questions on cloud computing. To start with, a brief introduction of cloud computing has been discussed along with the history of computation usage in oil industry. Followed by that a brief introduction highlighting the significance of Artificial intelligence and machine learning in the current computing environment has been explained. As the industry moves towards more and more usage of digital oilfield techniques, the dominance of high end computing and data analytics in the oil and gas industry is also showcased. Once cloud computing is established as a standard, the paper further discusses different modes of cloud delivery service models- Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), Platform as a service (PaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS). The paper also identifies the challenges and concerns/issues that comes as a part of cloud computing methodology and then describes how these all challenges are being addresses. This paper elucidates the comprehensive view of the cloud computing landscape in oil and gas arena through a review of available noteworthy open source literature
Special Implementation of SRP in Failed Existing Artificial Lift System
Authors: Pandit Akchaylal , Najaf Abdulaziz , Al-Dahash Sulaiman , Al-Salem Fajer
Published: November 2018

The robust construction, ease of operation and maintenance of Sucker Rod Pump (SRP) is a stand-alone artificial lift method owning mostly to its simplicity. SRP are widely used positive displacement pump in land and offshore oilfield applications for lifting of heavy, medium or light oil with gas and water. In this paper, one such implementation of SRP is discussed which are simulated for rigless installation with insert anchor in existing failed artificial lift system.

The failure of existing artificial lift system such as PCP, ESP or even SRP itself. Causes loss of cumulative production of the asset and thus economic disadvantage. The scheduling of rig to carry replacement based on oil priority further effects this interval which are generally overlooked. In this paper, implementation of SRP in such existing failed artificial lift system is discussed, carried rigless using insert anchor pump. Thus continuation of maintenance of asset production even after failure of artificial lift system. Such rigless installation opens window preferably of installations carried in wells with lower than expected productivity index. Which may have caused the existing system failure due to operation not being in the pumping range. In this paper, firstly simulation is carried as per the well test of recent failed artificial lift system for maximum production rate with maximum plunger size of the existing tubing size for insert anchor and flowing bottom hole pressure (FBHP). Secondly, rigless installation with economic advantage in comparison to installation with rig is discussed. Thirdly, the successful completion of installing SRP in 3 ½" tubing rigless is discussed with various existing failed artificial lift system. The paper evaluates for design and installation of artificial lift method of SRP through rigless flush-by unit with schematics in failed existing artificial lift system.

Generally, with passage of time the formation productivity index drops due to various reasons. Thus the added advantage of resetting the pump at any depth along the production tubing, assists further in the location for minimum free gas percentage and hence extended run life, based on actual well test data and fluid level survey.

The comparative results between the existing and new installation remain as a database for advantage in scheduling of rigless installation for optimum production. The design results are extensively discussed with schematics for effective rod stress, torque, rod and surface unit loading for a range of production rate.
EFFECT OF VITAMIN D STATUS ON LIPID METABOLISM OF CHILDREN
Authors: Stroy Elena
Published: November 2018

It has been proven that the functions of vitamin D are not limited to the control of calcium-phosphorus metabolism, but its other pleiotropic effects are being studied. The aim of our study was to study vitamin D status and its effect on the lipid profile in children of risk group for the development of dyslipoproteinemia. Materials and methods 30 children aged 6–7 years (mean age 6.4±0.6 years) who were born to women with diabetes were examined. The control group – 30 children 6–7 years old (6.5±0.5 years) from healthy mothers. An assessment of physical development was carried out with the calculation of body mass index. We studied lipid metabolism indicators - total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol / l) in blood, atherogenic index. All children were determined with the content of 25-OH-D in the serum, the level of glucose. Results 10 (33.3 %) children from mothers with diabetes are overweight, 5 (16.7 %) – obesity, which is 2 times higher than in the control group. The fasting glucose level in all the examined children from mothers with diabetes was within physiological fluctuations. The level of 25-OH-D in children from mothers with diabetes mellitus, compared with the control group, was significantly reduced. Dyslipoproteinemia was found in children from diabetic mothers: a significant increase in serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels, higher levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol than in the control group (p <0.05), atherogenic index was significantly higher. Prospects for further research are to explore the possibility of using vitamin D for the primary prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome, diabetes in children. Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency in the body of the surveyed can be one of the causes of their dyslipidemia, in addition, overweight and obesity are also risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome. Children at risk need dynamic monitoring of anthropometric indicators, control of body mass index, lipid and carbohydrate blood profile, level 25-OH-D.
EVALUATION OF THE MAIN DATA OF INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE TO THE BASE THERAPY OF THE JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS
Authors: Vyzhga Yulia
Published: November 2018

The activity of the juvenile idiopathic arthritis evaluates the speed of the process progression, intense of its clinical manifestation, effect of the carried treatment. The aim of our study was to estimate changes of the inflammatory response signs as well as content of NF-kB due to basic therapy of the JIA. Materials and methods. At our study, we had checked 68 children with JIA, who passed their treatment at Vinnytsya regional children’s hospital within the period from 2011 to 2014 years. Results. At the patients we studied currency of the JIA was characterized with articular variant of the disease, mainly in monoarthritis type. Laboratory activity of the inflammatory response characterized with increased content of the C-reactive protein (71.2±3.7 %), inflammatory cytokines – ІL-1β (54.8±4.1 %) and ІL-6 (56.2±2.4 %), as well high quantity of the nuclear factor-kB (70.5±3.1 %). Currency of the JIA in children characterized with high increasing of the inflammatory response signs especially C-reactive protein (6.55(4.2;9.8)), ІL-1β (7.3(3.5;11.9)), ІL-6 (6.8(4.5;10.6)) and NF-kB (6.76 (4.8; 9.1)), that are in correlative connections with clinical signs (number of the injured and swelled joints, evaluation of the general condition of the child according to doctors and own response) of the disease activity (rxy = +0.34 up to 0.62, p< 0.01). Conclusion. During the managing of the basic therapy in children with JIA we estimated decreasing of the IL-1β content in patients at the background of methotrexate administration (38.7±3.7 %), at the second group with use of sulfasalazine (28.5±3.5 %) and the third with leflunomide prescription (29.1±5.1 %), but significant decreasing of the ІL-6 content, that is one of the main inflammatory mediators and as well NF-kB was found just in group of the patients with methotrexate administration (on 36.3±3.8 % and 32.4±2.4 % for NF-kB).
PROGESTERONE INSUFFICIENCY AS A PREDICTOR OF FUTURE REPRODUCTIVE LOSSES
Authors: Semeniuk Ludmyla
Published: November 2018

The article presents new data on the significance of vitamin D deficiency in the formation of endometrial structure disorders in women with luteal phase defect and unrupted follicle syndrome. Disorders of the menstrual cycle caused by a progesterone deficiency from the position of influence on the onset and progression of pregnancy are considered. Fertility of women, especially with endocrine imbalances, deserves special attention, since the frequency of early pregnancy loss in them is about 67 %. Aim: study of the effects of vitamin D deficiency and progesterone deficiency in the luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome (Geis-Genes) and the luteal phase defect on the reproductive potential of women. Materials and methods: a hormonal study, determination of vitamin D levels, a sonographic study conducted on days 5–7 and 21–24 of the menstrual cycle in the periconceptional supplementation program of 45 women with luteal phase deficiency (LPD) and luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome (LUF). Results: The relationship between the content of vitamin D and the hormonal levels of the reproductive system of women with LPD and LUF is traced. The role of reducing vitamin D levels in the formation of hormonal imbalances in women of reproductive age has been established. Conclusions: – progesterone deficiency entails changes in various regulatory substances of the reproductive system, and therefore the periconceptional supplementation must be individual. – The introduction of the definition of vitamin D in the periconceptional supplementation plan and its correction are justified and necessary to improve the structure of the endometrium and its secretory transformation in women with progesterone imbalance.
SUBSTANTIATION OF THE MECHANISM OF LOGISTIC EXPENDITURE MINIMIZATION BY SUBJECTS OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
Authors: Sahaidak-Nikitiuk Rita , Velma Svetlana
Published: November 2018

Aim: to determine the factors of influence on the magnitude of logistics costs and developing measures to minimize them. Materials and methods. The methods used in the study include the expert, systematic method of scientific knowledge, structural analysis, the method of abstract modeling. An expert method was conducted with the help of questionnaires of specialists of pharmaceutical companies, pharmacies and wholesale pharmaceutical companies. 118 respondents participated in the survey. The degree of consistency of expert opinions was determined with the help of the coefficient of concordance, which is 0.8374 (the normative value of the coefficient of concordance is 0.75), the Pearson criterion also exceeds the table value for the corresponding number of degrees of freedom, which testifies to the non-randomness of their judgments. Results. The factors influencing the amount of logistics costs are determined. The internal factors of influence include the activities of the subject of the pharmaceutical industry, assortment structure and structure of the use of substances and materials, the magnitude of stocks, etc. External factors of influence are the level of prices for logistics services provided by outside organizations; rate of transport tax; environmental taxes etc.; competitors suppliers of substances and materials; consumers; intermediaries; legislative base, etc. The conducted questioning of specialists and taking into account the current experience of leading foreign pharmaceutical companies allowed to determine the main measures to minimize logistics costs for all parts of the logistics system - procurement, production, transportation, storage, distribution and recycling, and types of flows - material, financial, information, labor. Conclusions. Based on the carried out research, the factors influencing the magnitude of logistics costs, which experts are divided into external and internal, are determined. The matrix of the components of LV savings is proposed, which takes into account the type of flow and the links of the logistic system. The constructed matrix allows to minimize the amount of LV, which helps to reduce the price of drugs for the end user.
Performance indicators for urban storm water systems: a review
Authors: Santos Liliana Ferreira , Galvão Ana Fonseca , Cardoso Maria Adriana
Published: November 2018

Over the past two decades, performance assessment based on performance indicators (PI) has been one of the areas showing the greatest advancement in the water sector. This practice may be defined as any approach that aims to measure effectiveness and/or efficiency of an activity or process using PI, supporting the decision-making process and encouraging the continuous improvement of a water utility. Despite the potential benefits, few projects and initiatives of performance assessment based on PI have been undertaken regarding storm water systems. The present article aims to review studies that have been carried out in the area to provide a state of the art on the subject, understand the applicability of the existing methodologies and their limitations, and to point out future directions. The review revealed that most of the research works were of limited scope, focusing on single storm water systems or some specific aspects of their performance, and also gave an inappropriate definition and selection of PI, compromising their further application. The identified gaps emphasise the need for a new methodology to provide a reference framework in the field. Such methodology should be objective, standardised and well-adapted to different contexts, driven by objectives and criteria and based on PI and targets.
Characteristic MRI Findings of Epidermal Cysts Categorized by Size
Authors: Sakamoto Akio , Okamoto Takeshi , Matsuda Shuichi
Published: November 2018

Background:

Epidermal cysts are lined with stratified squamous epithelium and filled with keratinous material.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings can be used for the diagnosis of epidermal cysts, but characteristic MRI findings related to cyst size in particular go unreported.

Objective:

To analyse characteristic MRI findings of epidermal cysts categorized by size.

Materials and Methods:

Unruptured epidermal cyst cases were analyzed according to 3 cyst size categories: large (≥4 cm), medium (≥2 to <4 cm), and small (<2 cm). MRI assessments focused on the keratinized material using low signal intensity on T2-weighted images because of intracystic diffuse foci (a sign of intracyst debris) and serpentine structures at the periphery (a sign of a peripheral lining) of cysts.

Results:

Thirty-three patients (26 males and 7 females; average age, 52.2 years; 33 cases) were grouped by cyst size: large (13 cases), medium (12 cases), and small (8 cases). MRIs revealed cyst walls via low signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images. On T1-weighted images, the signal intensity of cysts relative to that of muscle was hypointense (1 case, 3%), isointense (4 cases,12%), and slightly hyperintense (28 cases, 85%). On T2-weighted images, cysts were hyperintense in muscle relative to adipose tissue (20/33 cases, 61%) and isointense relative to adipose tissue (7/33, 21%) or hyperintense relative to adipose tissue (6/33, 18%). Overall, signal patterns were similar among groups. Signs of inner debris were observed in all large (13, 100%) and medium (2/12, 17%) cysts, but not in small cysts (0/8). Large, medium, and small cysts had signs of peripheral linings (12/13, 92%; 9/12, 75%; and 4/8, 50%, respectively).

Conclusion:

Slightly hyperintense signals on T1-weighted images were characteristic, even in small epidermal cysts. Signs of intracyst debris and a peripheral lining reflect the pathology and were considered useful for diagnosis. Larger cysts were more frequently positive for keratinous debris.
Biochemical Variables are Predictive for Patient Survival after Surgery for Skeletal Metastasis. A Prediction Model Development and External Validation Study
Authors: Sørensen Michala Skovlund , Silvius Elizabeth C. , Khullar Saniya , Hindsø Klaus , Forsberg Jonathan A. , Petersen Michael Mørk
Published: November 2018

Background:

Predicting survival for patients with metastatic bone disease in the extremities (MBDex) is important for ensuring the implant will outlive the patient. Hitherto, prediction models for these patients have been constructed using subjective assessments, mostly lacking biochemical variables.

Objectives:

To develop a prediction model for survival after surgery due to MBDex using biochemical variables and externally validate the model.

Methods:

We created Bayesian Belief Network models to estimate likelihood of survival 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery using 140 patients. We validated the models using the data of 130 other patients and calculated the area under the Receiver Operator Characteristic curve (ROC). Variables included: hemoglobin, neutrophil-count, C-reactive protein, alkaline phosphatase, primary cancer, Karnofsky-score, ASA-score, visceral metastases, bone metastases, days from diagnose of primary cancer to index surgery for MBDex, ischemic heart disease, diabetes, fracture/impending-fracture and age.

Results:

Survival probabilities were influenced by all biochemical variables. Validation showed ROC for the 1, 3, 6, and 12-months model: 68% (C.I.: 55%-80%), 69% (C.I.: 60%-78%), 81% (C.I.: 74%-87%) and 84% (C.I.: 77%-90%).

Conclusion:

Biochemical markers can be incorporated into a prediction model for survival in patients having surgery for MBDex allowing surgeons to offer more objective and individualized treatment options.
Mo3S4 Nanorod: An Effective Photocatalyst for the Degradation of Organic Dyes in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Ntakadzeni Madima , Anku William Wilson , Govender Penny Poomani , Reddy Leelakrishna
Published: November 2018

Background:

A molybdenum sulfide (Mo3S4) nanorod photocatalyst was
synthesised through the facile hydrothermal method and applied in the degradation of
Rhodamine B and Methyl Blue dyes under visible light irradiation.

Methods:

The Mo3s4 nanorod was synthesised using sodium molybdate, sodiumdiethyldithiolcarbonate
and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as molybdenum and sulfur sources,
and capping agent respectively. The photocatalyst was characterized by using XRD, FTIR,
TEM, SEM, EDS and UV-Vis spectroscopies.

Results:

SEM result shows that the synthesised sample has a rod-like shape made up of
several thin sheets. The XRD result revealed the Mo3S4 nanorod to exist in the
Rhombohedral phase. The energy band gap of the sample was calculated to be 2.02 eV. The
synthesised Mo3S4 nanorod showed great potential in the removal of both RhB and MB in
aqueous solution. 85.46% and 99.78% removals of RhB and MB dyes respectively were
achieved in 90 min.

Conclusion:

It was also observed that the photodegradation of both RhB and MB follows
pseudo-first order kinetics, with apparent rate constants of 0.0089 min-1 and 0.0118 min-1 for
RhB and MB respectively.
Integrated modelling and therapeutic applications of bone soft tissue sarcoma by fusion gene expression
Authors: Nakamura Takuro
Published: November 2018

Sarcomas arise from non-epithelial tissue, such as muscle and cartilage. They represent approximately 1% of cancer cases, a relatively small proportion. All available research suggests that the mechanism of development of these cancers is very different to that of epithelial cancers.
Related to this is the fact that they occur in completely different demographics. One subgroup of particularly mysterious sarcomas is associated with the presence of fusion genes in the tumour population. As the name suggests, fusion genes are the result of two separate genes fusing together
to form a novel gene and protein. The process alters the functions of the original genes, sometimes with drastic consequences. When this occurs in key regulatory genes, normal cellular gene expression can be altered. This, in turn, can lead to the breakdown of the normal checkpoints in the
cell cycle that are a regular part of stopping cancer. Dr Takuro Nakamura of the Cancer Institute, part of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research and his lab are working on uncovering the how these sarcomas develop. Nakamura elaborates on his aims for his work: 'we will investigate the
biological nature of bone and soft tissue sarcoma (BSTS), its carcinogenesis process and genetic network important for sarcomagenesis and malignant progression. The anti-tumour effects of drugs and low molecular weight inhibitors will be tested using the models as platforms to explore novel
therapies.' Fusion gene-associated sarcomas (FGAS) are still relatively poorly characterised. In fact, it is even unclear which cells in the tissue are most often responsible for the beginnings of the disease. Because of this, it is difficult to identify uniquely or abnormally expressed
proteins or marker. This, in turn, means it has been very difficult to identify molecular targets for drugs and therefore molecular target therapies are underdeveloped compared to other fields of cancer. Nakamura and his team are tackling the issue from several different angles in order to
uncover these answers. They have discovered two novel fusion genes that appear to have a significant role in certain FGASs.