bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Graham, Martha (1894 – 1991)
Authors: Franko Mark
Published: September 2018

In a career as dancer and choreographer that spanned the twentieth century, Martha Graham made major contributions to modernist choreography, dramaturgy, performance, costume design, and dance technique. Her illustrious collaborators—among them Aaron Copland, William Schuman, Erick Hawkins, Isamu Noguchi, Bertram Ross, and Barbara Morgan—underscored her gift of discerning what was necessary to her success. Indeed, her work was seminal in redefining concert dance as modern art alongside literature, music, and painting. To do this, Graham immersed herself in Anglo-American Modernism and its roots in psychology, anthropology and cultural archaeology. But it was her work in the studio and on bodies that brought these ideas to fruition in and as dance. Some of Graham’s movement innovations include the emphasis on weight rather than flight, the contraction of the spine rather than the vertical posture, the flexed foot rather than the pointed foot, the turning in of the legs from the hips rather than the proverbial turning out, running on the knees (and related floor work), new ways of falling to the floor and returning to a vertical position, off-balance extensions of the legs and torso, the dynamic projection of energy from the pelvis, and the dramatic accentuation of gravity and tension as well as an aesthetics of discontinuity and fragmentation.
Henrik Johan Ibsen (1828–1906)
Authors: D'Amico Giuliano
Published: September 2018

Henrik Ibsen is Norway’s most important writer and one of the most influential dramatists of the second half of the nineteenth century. His dramatic production has left a deep mark on Western culture, and his plays have revolutionized the European theatre, inspiring generations of playwrights and novelists such as George Bernard Shaw, James Joyce, Luigi Pirandello, Anton Chekhov, and Eugene O’Neill. Together with Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, August Strindberg, and Jens Peter Jacobsen, Ibsen is considered one of the major exponents of the Scandinavian "Modern Breakthrough," as well as one of the early voices of European modernism. His early dramatic production mainly consists of historical plays, verse drama, and poetry; in the late 1870s, Ibsen started a cycle of 12 prose plays in a contemporary bourgeois setting, which combine a marked taste for realism with a turn to symbolism, especially in his later years. His discussion of "the woman question" and of the moral double standard of the European bourgeoisie, but also the psychological study of his characters and the search for identity they undertake, made Ibsen first a controversial figure, later a famous, praised, and rich author. In the twentieth century, Ibsen has become a classic of world literature and drama, and he is widely read, staged, and researched all over the globe. In particular, the social appeal of his plays is still dramatically felt in developing countries and in different post-colonial contexts.
James, Henry (1843–1916)
Authors: Weihl Harrington
Published: September 2018

One of the major literary figures of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, Henry James was one of the foremost English-language practitioners of literary realism at its height, and was one of the most influential novelists among the modernists that followed him, receiving praise and admiration from T. S. Eliot, Ezra Pound, Virginia Woolf, Joseph Conrad, and others. His novel Portrait of A Lady and novellas Daisy Miller and The Turn of the Screw are among his most widely read, and in The Spoils of Poynton he made some of the first forays into the complexity and depth that would later characterize modernism. Also an accomplished travel writer and memoirist, James's produced literary criticism that is considered some of the deepest and most detailed work on theorizing the English-language novel before the twentieth century. Born in the United States and spending much of his adult life in Britain, James is a transatlantic figure whose influence has been so great as to posthumously justify his nickname of Master.
Chaplin, Charlie (1889–1977)
Authors: Banerjee Ria
Published: September 2018

Charles Spenser Chaplin was born in London on April 16, 1889, and died on Christmas Day, 1977, at home in Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland. He had been famous across the world since his Tramp persona first hit screens in 1914 and besides earning numerous film awards he was knighted in 1975. Chaplin took to the stage in 1898 and came to the US in 1910 on tour with a British vaudeville troupe. In December 1913 he joined the Keystone Pictures studio in Hollywood with whom he made hits like The Kid (1921) and The Gold Rush (1925). Nonetheless, Chaplin embodied the essence of modernism. The Little Review, where James Joyce’s Ulysses (1922) was first serialized, published an admiring article calling him "the Mob-God," a figure who embodied the gestalt of the times (1916).

When WWI broke out Chaplin did not enlist, which momentarily dipped his appeal; he returned to popularity in the post-war period with hits like The Kid (1921) and The Gold Rush (1925). Chaplin grew restless with the Tramp persona and wanted to leave it behind (Casseres, NYTimes, 12/12/1920), but it was not until The Great Dictator (1940) that he abandoned it. This was also his first sound film.
Little Magazines
Authors: Drouin Jeffrey , Huculak J. Matthew
Published: September 2018

In the history of modernism, little magazines were often the first venues to publish unknown authors who are now considered the leading lights of twentieth-century literature. A little magazine is a periodical dedicated primarily to serious literature, usually featuring poetry, short stories, serialized novels, and sometimes dramatic installments, as well as essays, reviews, and reader correspondence. They are called ‘little’ (sometimes also ‘small magazines’) owing to their cultivation of coterie contributorships and readerships in opposition to large commercial magazines whose content is strongly influenced by markets. As such, little magazines often prize experimental content that contravenes the public taste, which is one reason they were the primary vehicles for the development of modernism, its many movements, and their niche audiences. In many cases, the lack of a robust commercial apparatus meant that little magazines tended to be irregularly published and short lived, but with outsized contributions to literature and culture, such as the simultaneous serialization of James Joyce’s Ulysses in The Little Review (1914–29) and The Egoist (1914–19) and T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land in The Dial (1920–29) and The Criterion (1922–39).

Little magazines originated during the nineteenth century on the European continent, in Great Britain, and in the United States. During the twentieth century, most little magazines" innovative agendae began as a reaction against the rise of large commercial periodicals that sold issues below cost in order to boost circulation, gaining more profit by selling advertising space.
Fitzgerald, F. Scott (1896–1940)
Authors: Templeton Erin
Published: September 2018

Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald was an American novelist, short-story writer, and cultural critic. Best-known for his 1925 novel The Great Gatsby, he coined the term "The Jazz Age" to refer to the riotous lifestyle of alcohol and excess that characterized the zeitgeist of the United States during the Roaring Twenties.

Born in Saint Paul, Minnesota, Fitzgerald was named after a well-known distant relative, Francis Scott Key, author of "The Star Spangled Banner." He attended but did not graduate from Princeton University, where he was a member of the Princeton Triangle club—a theater group dedicated to musical-comedy—and where he wrote for the literary magazine as well as the campus paper. During his time at Princeton Fitzgerald began work on what would eventually become his first novel, This Side of Paradise (then titled The Romantic Egoist). The energy devoted to such extracurricular activities took its toll on Fitzgerald’s coursework, and he dropped out of the university in 1917 to enlist in the United States Army. Fitzgerald was stationed in Alabama at Camp Sheridan but did not see combat in World War I. He was in New York awaiting deployment when the armistice was signed in 1918.
Gillespie, Dizzy (1917–93)
Authors: Garlitz Dustin
Published: September 2018

Dizzy Gillespie was an American jazz trumpeter, composer, and bandleader. Over the course of his artistic career Gillespie was based in New York City, where he was first active performing in big bands, eventually leading bands of his own. Along with his musical colleague, alto saxophonist Charlie Parker, Gillespie was one of the progenitors of the modern jazz movement bebop in the 1940s. Considered one of the pioneers of Latin jazz, especially Afro-Cuban jazz, Gillespie traveled extensively, performing with an international roster of musicians. Compositions that reflect this style of jazz include "Tin Tin Deo," and "Manteca" (1947). Gillespie’s musical orientation to Afro rhythms was evident as early as 1942, when he composed the jazz standard "A Night in Tunisia." When he dissembled his big band to form a sextet in 1949, Gillespie gave modern jazz tenor saxophonist John Coltrane his start in improvisational focussed small band work.
Jook House
Authors: Templeton Melissa
Published: September 2018

The jook house (also juke joint), an African American institution found mainly in semiurban areas in the Southern United States, is an important cultural phenomenon that emerged in the decades after emancipation (1862). While the conditions of slavery in the South made it difficult and often illegal for black men and women to gather without white intervention, during the period of reconstruction, jook houses became a place for newly freed men and women (usually from the lower and working classes) to drink, gamble, listen to music, and dance. While the precise etymology of "jook" is unclear, some scholars suggest the term comes from the Bambara word "dzugu," which means "wicked" or from the Bamana-Kam word "dugu", which means "bad." The jook house as "bad" or "wicked" articulates its covert and subversive qualities, as well as its ability to transgress white codes of conduct and social life. These jook houses gave birth to the musical style of the blues, saw an increased blending of regional African American dance practices, and nurtured an emerging modern black identity.
Bauhaus
Authors: Baumhoff Anja , Funkenstein Susan
Published: September 2018

In 1919 a young architect named Walter Gropius initiated one of the most modern art schools of the twentieth century in the city of Weimar in Thuringia, Germany. He called it the Bauhaus. Its unusual name can be translated as "building hut," indicating its connection with the medieval tradition of cathedral building and the idea of a total work of art.

The Bauhaus is not only famous for its ideas or its buildings in Weimar and Dessau but also for its members, among them the three directors of the school—the architects Walter Gropius (1919–1928), Hannes Meyer (1928–1930), and Mies van der Rohe (1930–1932). Teachers included renowned modern artists such as Lyonel Feininger, Vassily Kandinsky, Paul Klee, László and Lucia Moholy-Nagy, Herbert Bayer, Marcel Breuer, Wilhelm Wagenfeld, Anni und Josef Albers, Oskar Schlemmer, Marianne Brandt, and Gunta Stölzl. All of them endorsed modernism at a time when modern art and abstraction was far from being accepted—contemporaries understood it first of all to be a post-war rebellion similar to the then notorious Dada movement. The overall aim of the Bauhaus was to redefine fundaments of composition and construction as well as the use of colors.
Dadaism
Authors: Lantz Andy , Hetrick Jay , Kriebel Sabine , Yarborough Tina , Archino Sarah , Donkin Hazel , Andrew Nell
Published: September 2018

Dada began in Zurich, Switzerland, in the midst of World War I. Several expatriate artists converged in the city to escape the brutal and seemingly nonsensical destruction of the war. They responded in turn with nonsense, creating an anarchic and subversive anti-aesthetic that would have profound effects on the history of the avant-garde. Indeed, nearly every major Western art movement since the 1920s, as well as culture jammers of all kinds, can claim some connection to the Zurich Dadaists. They initially met at the Cabaret Voltaire—named after the French Enlightenment philosopher—that was opened by theater director Hugo Ball and his partner, the performer, Emmy Hennings, on February 5, 1916. Until the summer of that year, the international group met nightly in a charged Dionysian atmosphere where an audience of fellow expats and dissidents experienced a provocative mix of sound and simultaneous poetry in different languages, Cubist dances with African masks, as well as readings from Expressionist and Futurist texts, Voltaire, and from the artists’ own manifestos. Works by Hans Arp and Otto van Rees hung on the walls. The Dadaists violently rejected the values of Western art and culture, which they believed had contributed to the outbreak of war in the first place. They were especially against the ideas of beauty, mimesis, the myth of originality, the truth of reason, and the transparency of communication.
Impressionism (Painting)
Authors: Spencer Jeremy , Huculak J. Matthew , Higginbotham Carmenita , Callaway Anita , Singhalampong Eksuda
Published: September 2018

Impressionism is an artistic movement that flourished in France between 1860 and 1890. The term has been widely adopted around the world to describe artistic production that follows the principles and methodologies of the "Impressionists." Opposing Realism, a technique that valued accurate renderings of a scene ("to copy nature"), Impressionists sought to "observe nature" and to capture its transitory states of light and feeling. Impressionists produced paintings of natural landscapes as well as the spectacle of modern life to express an essence of modernity. They took advantage of technological innovations like collapsible paint tubes and synthetic colors, which allowed them to work quickly en plein air and use bright palettes. Modernity also brought in new products to Paris. The opening of trade routes between Japan and Europe exposed French artists to different compositional techniques through Japanese woodblock printing, specifically the ukiyo-e print. Monet claimed that Japanese artists "taught us [impressionists] to compose differently." The original movement fractured in the mid-1880s and the core artists no longer painted or exhibited together. Originally criticized for artistic incompetence that did not reflect prevailing norms in the artistic academy, Impressionist paintings are among the most reproduced and sought after popular works of modern art.
Tracer study to estimate the transport of cruise altitude aviation
emissions in Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Vennam Lakshmi Pradeepa , Vizuete William , Arunachalam Saravanan
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Given the increasing role of intercontinental and higher altitude emissions influence on surface air quality, it is important to understand the transport characteristics of these emissions both for policy and mitigation strategies. The horizontal and vertical transport of directly emitted upper troposphere anthropogenic cruise altitude aircraft emissions (CAAE) has not been well understood due to limited studies. Therefore, in this study we conducted tracer simulations for key source regions in the Northern hemisphere to understand the transport and influence of CAAE on surface air quality. Our results from Northern hemisphere simulations highlight that
Relative Humidity Effect on the Formation of Highly Oxidized Molecules and
New Particles during Monoterpene Oxidation
Authors: Li Xiaoxiao , Chee Sabrina , Hao Jiming , Abbatt Jonathan P. D. , Jiang Jingkun , Smith James N.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. It has been widely observed around the world that the frequency and intensity of new particle formation (NPF) events are reduced during periods of high relative humidity (RH). The current study focuses on how RH affects the formation of highly oxidized molecules (HOMs), which are key components of NPF and initial growth caused by oxidized organics. The ozonolysis of α-pinene, limonene, and △3-carene, with and without OH-scavenger, were carried out under low NOx conditions under a range of RH (from ~3 % to ~90 %) in a temperature-controlled flow tube. A Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) was used to measure the size distribution of generated particles and a novel transverse-ionization chemical ionization inlet with a high-resolution time-of-fight mass spectrometer detected HOMs. A major finding from this work is that neither the detected HOMs nor their abundance changed significantly with RH, which indicates that the detected HOMs must be formed from water-independent pathways. In fact, the distinguished OH- and O3-derived peroxy radicals (RO2), HOM monomers, and HOM dimers could mostly be explained by the autoxidation of RO2 followed by bimolecular reactions with other RO2 or hydroperoxy radicals (HO2), rather than from a water-influenced pathway like through the formation of a stabilized Criegee intermediate (sCI). However, as RH changed from 3 to 90 % the particle number concentrations decreased by a factor of 2~3 while particle mass concentrations increased or decreased slightly within a factor of 2. These observations show that, while high RH appears to inhibit NPF as evident by the decreasing number concentration, this reduction is not caused by a decrease in RO2-derived HOMs formation. One possible explanation is the existence of other extremely low volatility compounds (ELVOCs), like gas phase formed sCI-included accretion products, which are responsible for the very first steps of NPF but are not detected by nitrate-based chemical ionization mass spectrometry. These ELVOCs may be preferentially reduced at high RH compared to more volatile compounds, the latter of which mainly determine the final mass concentration of particles. Another possibility is that a fraction of HOMs cluster with water (but detected as the declustered molecules) at high RH in such a way that they may no longer be able to participate in cluster formation, thereby suppressing NPF.
Evolution of seaports of the Russian Far East in relation to changes in the energy structure in Pacific Asia
Authors: Venevsky Sergey , Zaostrovskikh Elena
Published: September 2018

Abstract. We estimated the current state of seaports Vanino and Sovetskaya Gavan, situated in the
Russian Far East, as beneficiaries to themselves (at local scale), to
Khabarovsk Krai (regional or provincial scale) and to the Russian Federation
(inter-regional or federal scale). Further, we make projections for the near
future (until the year 2030) for conditions of current export fuel supply
demands in China and for conditions of climate-friendly energy restructuring
in China. It is shown that the coal specialization of Vanino and
Sovetskaya Gavan seaports will not be profitable
in the near future (year 2030) for conditions of climate-friendly energy
restructuring in China. There will be considerable economic losses at the
national level if coal specialization is persistent. Thus, environmental
policies regarding energy structure in a country with a large economy may
sufficiently influence the development of transport, industry and urban
infrastructure on an inter-regional, regional or local level for a country
importing fuel resources.
Risks of seasonal extreme rainfall events in Bangladesh under 1.5 and 2.0
degrees’ warmer worlds – How anthropogenic aerosols change the story
Authors: Rimi Ruksana H. , Haustein Karsten , Barbour Emily J. , Sparrow Sarah N. , Li Sihan , Wallom David C. H. , Allen Myles R.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Anthropogenic climate change is likely to increase the frequency of extreme weather events in future. Previous studies have robustly shown how and where climate change has already changed the risks of weather extremes. However, developing countries have been somewhat underrepresented in these studies, despite high vulnerability and limited capacities to adapt. How additional global warming would affect the future risks of extreme rainfall events in Bangladesh needs to be addressed to limit adverse impacts. Our study focuses on understanding and quantifying the relative risks of seasonal extreme rainfall events in Bangladesh under the Paris Agreement temperature goals of 1.5 °C and 2 °C warming above pre-industrial levels. In particular, we investigate the influence of anthropogenic aerosols on these risks given their likely future reduction and resulting amplification of global warming. Using large ensemble regional climate model simulations from weather@home under different forcing scenarios, we compare the risks of rainfall events under pre-industrial (natural), current (actual), 1.5 °C, and 2.0 °C warmer and greenhouse gas only (anthropogenic aerosols removed) conditions. We find that the risk of a 1 in 100 year rainfall event has already increased significantly compared with pre-industrial levels across parts of Bangladesh, with additional increases likely for 1.5 and 2.0 degree warming (of up to 5.5 times higher, with an uncertainty range of 3.5 to 7.8 times). Impacts were observed during both the pre-monsoon and monsoon periods, but were spatially variable across the country in terms of the level of impact. Results also show that reduction in anthropogenic aerosols plays an important role in determining the overall future climate change impacts; by exacerbating the effects of GHG induced global warming and thereby increasing the rainfall intensity. We highlight that the net aerosol effect varies from region to region within Bangladesh, which leads to different outcomes of aerosol reduction on extreme rainfall statistics, and must therefore be considered in future risk assessments. Whilst there is a substantial reduction in the impacts resulting from 1.5 °C compared with 2 °C warming, the difference is spatially and temporally variable, specifically with respect to seasonal extreme rainfall events.
A model perspective on the dynamics of the shadow zone of the eastern tropical North Atlantic – Part 1: the poleward slope currents along West Africa
Authors: Kounta Lala , Capet Xavier , Jouanno Julien , Kolodziejczyk Nicolas , Sow Bamol , Gaye Amadou Thierno
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The West African seaboard is one of the upwelling sectors that has received
the least attention, and in situ observations relevant to its dynamics are
particularly scarce. The current system in this sector is not well known and
understood, e.g., in terms of seasonal variability, across-shore structure,
and forcing processes. This knowledge gap is addressed in two studies that
analyze the mean seasonal cycle of an eddy-permitting numerical simulation of
the tropical Atlantic. Part 1 is concerned with the circulation over the West
African continental slope at the southernmost reach of the Canary Current
system, between ∼8 and 20∘ N. The focus is on the depth range
most directly implicated in the wind-driven circulation (offshore and coastal
upwellings and Sverdrup transport) located above the potential density
σt=26.7 kg m−3 in the model (approx. above 250 m of depth). In
this sector and for this depth range, the flow is predominantly poleward as a
direct consequence of positive wind stress curl forcing, but the degree to
which the magnitude of the upper ocean poleward transport reflects Sverdrup
theory varies with latitude. The model poleward flow also exhibits a marked
semiannual cycle with transport maxima in spring and fall. Dynamical
rationalizations of these characteristics are offered in terms of wind
forcing of coastal trapped waves and Rossby wave dynamics. Remote forcing by
seasonal fluctuations of coastal winds in the Gulf of Guinea plays an
instrumental role in the fall intensification of the poleward flow. The
spring intensification appears to be related to wind fluctuations taking
place at shorter distances north of the Gulf of Guinea entrance and also
locally. Rossby wave activity accompanying the semiannual fluctuations of
the poleward flow in the coastal waveguide varies greatly with latitude,
which in turn exerts a major influence on the vertical structure of the
poleward flow. Although the realism of the model West African boundary
currents is difficult to determine precisely, the present in-depth
investigation provides a renewed framework for future observational programs
in the region.
Influence of hydrodynamic mixing on the distribution of dissolved
organic carbon in the East China Sea and the northwest Pacific
Authors: Ding Ling , Ge Tiantian , Wang Xuchen
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Oceanic dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is one of the largest carbon reservoirs on Earth, and its distribution and behavior play important roles in carbon cycling and biogeochemical processes in the ocean. Here, we report distribution and concentrations of DOC for water samples collected from the shelf-edge and slope regions in East China Sea (ECS) and the Kuroshio Extension (KE) in the northwestern North Pacific (NP) during two cruises in 2014–2015. Concentrations of DOC were 45–88 µM in the ECS and 35–65 µM in the KE. In addition to biological processes, the distribution of DOC is largely controlled by hydrodynamic mixing of different water masses. The intrusion of Kuroshio Current could dilute DOC concentrations at stations in the outer shelf and slope ranges of the ECS. The inverse correlation of DOC with apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) suggests that DOC oxidation only contributes 18 % of the oxygen consumption in the ECS slope waters. In contrast, concentrations of DOC in the KE were significantly lower in surface waters, and a relatively low and stable DOC level (~ 40 µM) was found in deep waters. The observed spatial variations of DOC in the upper 700 m among the stations in the KE were largely influenced by the mixing of the two water masses carried by the two major western boundary currents: Kuroshio and Oyashio that mix and form the KE. The hydrodynamic processes play important roles not only in the distribution of DOC but nutrients as well, thus could have major impact to primary production and ecosystems in the KE region.
Melting over the northeast Antarctic Peninsula (1999–2009): evaluation of a high-resolution regional climate model
Authors: Datta Rajashree Tri , Tedesco Marco , Agosta Cecile , Fettweis Xavier , Kuipers Munneke Peter , van den Broeke Michiel R.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Surface melting over the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) may impact the
stability of ice shelves and thus the rate at which grounded ice is
discharged into the ocean. Energy and mass balance models are needed to
understand how climatic change and atmospheric circulation variability drive
current and future melting. In this study, we evaluate the regional climate
model MAR over the AP at a 10 km spatial resolution between 1999 and 2009, a
period when active microwave data from the QuikSCAT mission is available.
This model has been validated extensively over Greenland, has is applied here
to the AP at a high resolution and for a relatively long time period (full
outputs are available to 2014). We find that melting in the northeastern AP,
the focus area of this study, can be initiated both by sporadic westerly
föhn flow over the AP mountains and by northerly winds advecting warm air
from lower latitudes. A comparison of MAR with satellite and automatic
weather station (AWS) data reveals that satellite estimates show greater melt
frequency, a larger melt extent, and a quicker expansion to peak melt extent
than MAR in the centre and east of the Larsen C ice shelf. These differences
are reduced in the north and west of the ice shelf, where the comparison with
satellite data suggests that MAR is accurately capturing melt produced by
warm westerly winds. MAR shows an overall warm bias and a cool bias at
temperatures above 0 ∘C as well as fewer warm, strong westerly winds
than reported by AWS stations located on the eastern edge of the Larsen C ice
shelf, suggesting that the underestimation of melt in this region may be the
product of limited eastward flow. At higher resolutions (5 km), MAR shows a
further increase in wind biases and a decrease in meltwater production. We
conclude that non-hydrostatic models at spatial resolutions better than 5 km
are needed to better-resolve the effects of föhn winds on the eastern
edges of the Larsen C ice shelf.
Warming temperatures are impacting the hydrometeorological regime of Russian rivers in the zone of continuous permafrost
Authors: Makarieva Olga , Nesterova Nataliia , Post David A. , Sherstyukov Artem , Lebedeva Lyudmila
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Analysis of streamflow data was conducted for 22 hydrological gauges in the Yana and Indigirka River basins with a period of observation ranging from 35 to 79 years up to 2015. These river basins are located completely in the zone of continuous permafrost. The main result is the presence of statistically significant (p
Percepciones de los docentes en pre- servicio relativas a la inclusión y la atención a la diversidad
Authors: Paz Carla Leticia , Cardona Moltó María Cristina
Published: September 2018

El reconocimiento de la diversidad humana como valor educativo, ha implicado que los docentes de las aulas regulares, reciban preparación para crear espacios de aprendizaje inclusivos. Siguiendo estas tendencias, la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional Francisco Morazán, incluyó en su reciente reforma a los planes de estudio, competencias docentes vinculadas con la atención a la diversidad y la inclusión. En esta investigación se analizaron las percepciones de los docentes en pre servicio de la UPNFM, relacionadas con los principios teóricos y metodológicos de la atención a la diversidad, la formación recibida en la Universidad en estos ámbitos y finalmente las competencias que valoran como importantes para desarrollar la educación inclusiva. Además de ello se realizó una comparación de estas percepciones por ámbito de estudio y pertenencia a grupo étnico. El estudio es de naturaleza cuantitativa, no experimental y de corte transversal, participaron 470 estudiantes en práctica profesional II.
Communication Process for the Strengthening of the Care of the Minor in a Pediatric Unit
Authors: Díaz-Pérez Anderson , Yáñez-Torregroza Zuleima , Gómez Jaime Lorduy , Carrillo-Suárez Idelsy , Mora Shirley Garcia
Published: September 2018

INTRODUCTION: The reflection about the elements of communication that health professionals use strengthens the empathic relationship and therefore the actions that seek self-care in patients. Nursing schools must teach how to acquire competences from what should be (moral) to fully consider the emotions and needs of hospitalized children so that they can attend to the call of care. Nursing should tend to social and communication skills to offer a humanized care when children appeal to crying, to silence, to play, to attract attention.

OBJECTIVE: Propose a framework of moral management of communication from the design of a functional communication structure model for the pediatric patient to come to the call of their care in a positive way.

METHODOLOGY: Nature of qualitative study of descriptive type and symbolic interactionism (perceptual regression). The population was 44 nurses. The data was obtained by interviews analyzed by the STATGRAPHICS XVII Centurión Plus® and Atlas Ti 8.0 ® programs.

CONCLUSION: The practices of nurses respond to the dynamics so that the child comes to the care when they are aware of the purpose of communication in strengthening the moral development of the child. A model of functional communication structure for pediatric patient care adjusted to the axioms of Paul Watzlawick is proposed.
Physicochemical and Nutritional Characteristics of Solar and Sun-dried Tomato Powder
Authors: Owureku-Asare Mavis , Oduro Ibok , Saalia Firibu K. , Tortoe Charles , Ambrose R. P. Kingsly
Published: September 2018

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most important vegetable plants in the world used in cooking foods. In Ghana, at peak seasons of harvesting tomato, high postharvest loses are incurred because of the absence of industrial tomato processing facilities for value addition into other convenient forms to extend shelf-life. Solar drying is a more efficient and low cost method of enhancing the quality and adding value to tomato. This study was carried out to design a natural mixed mode solar dryer suitable for drying tomato and to investigate the quality characteristics of the dried products. Fresh tomatoes were pre-treated with: a) 1% potassium metabisulfite solution; b) 1 % ascorbic acid solution; and c) used untreated as control. Pre-treated tomatoes were dried for three days on the average till there was no significant change in the final moisture content. Open-sun drying was used as a control for comparison purposes. The final moisture content for pre-treated solar dried and sun-dried tomato was 14 - 15 % and 19 - 22 %, respectively. The ash content was higher in the sun-dried samples compared to the solar dried samples, an indication of contamination with extraneous materials from the environment. Sulfur dioxide content of 740.8 mg/Kg d.w., for solar dried tomato pre-treated with potassium metabisulfite was much lower than the maximum legal limit of 2000 mg/Kg d.w., of sulfur dioxide recommended in fruits. Solar and sun-dried tomato pre-treated with potassium metabisulfite had significantly higher carotenoids, lycopene and beta carotene contents than pre-treated samples, and the controls. The quality of pre-treated solar-dried tomato was better enhanced by the use of the solar dryer compared to sun-drying.
Reference values of selected auditory temporal processing tests for Polish school children
Authors: Włodarczyk Elżbieta , Szkiełkowska Agata , Piłka Adam
Published: September 2018

Introduction:
Distorted processing of auditory information has a negative impact on the child’s cognitive development. There are only a few studies conducted by Polish researchers determining the normative values of psychoacoustic tests in auditory processing disorders. They are inconsistent due to different methodologies and different research protocols.

Objective:
The aim of the work was to determine the reference values of selected psychoacoustic tests for the population of Polish children between 7 and 12 years of age.

Material and method:
The study group consisted of 213 healthy children from 7 to 12 years of age. The condition for including the child in the study was an intellectual norm, proper sound sensitivity, proper development of children’s voice and speech. All children underwent two auditory temporal processing tests. The diagnostic procedure used a standardized Frequency Pattern Test (FPT) and Duration Pattern Test (DPT). The tests were carried out in accordance with the authors' recommendations, using the original versions available on the CD for 60 dB SL intensity, simultaneously for the right and left ear.

Results:
The reference values for FPT and DPT tests were determined at various age ranges in children aged 7-12. It has been shown that auditory functions change with age and development of the child. Reference values including age, language, cultural and educational differences were prepared.

Conclusions:
The development of reference values for individual tests for the Polish children population is a key element in the reliable diagnosis of auditory processing.
Mold Modeling and Optimization of Metallic Tension Bar in AA 7075 Aluminium Alloy Casting
Authors: GÖKMEŞE Hakan
Published: September 2018

In this paper, the design and application of permanent mold casting technology reserving a significant place in the light alloy casting technology was conducted due to its convenience for mass production and industrial need. The metal tensile bar mold design, mold preheat temperature (100°C-150°C-200°C), thermal stress, fatigue and damage analyses were examined to be used in the casting experiments by using the finite element analysis. As well as the casting temperature and solidification time, the material flow analyses were conducted by using a computer-aided program. By producing the mold following the modeling and analyses studies, AA7075 aluminum alloy was melted at 800°C and casted in the permanent mold. Following the casting procedure, the tensile bars of aluminum alloys were prepared in conformity with the standards and their tensile and hardness tests were conducted. The general and fracture surface microstructure differences of experiment specimens were examined. As a result of modeling and analysis studies made in the computer environment, the surface stresses of specimen and runner regions which were significant in the mold design were calculated at 100, 150 and 200°C preheating temperatures. The most convenient mold lifetime was calculated by making fatigue calculations for permanent mold at 800°C. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.24.4.19752
Measurement of Vibrations of a Plate on Elastic Foundation
Authors: KIBIRKŠTIS Edmundas , VOLOSHIN Arkady , VAITASIUS Kęstutis , PYR’YEV Yuriy , Gegeckienė Laura , BASKUTIENĖ Jolanta , RAGULSKIS Kazimieras , RAGULSKIS Liutauras
Published: September 2018

Vibrations of a plate on elastic foundation of Winkler type are investigated. A two-dimensional element having six nodal degrees of freedom (three displacements of the lower surface and three displacements of the upper surface) is used. Elastic foundation of Winkler type on the lower surface is used in the numerical model. Eigenmodes are calculated. Experimental investigations of vibrations were performed using a special experimental setup and typical experimental results are presented. Using the presented results places for recommended locations of Braille elements are determined. It is recommended to locate them at the places were the amplitude of vibrations is smallest. The stiffness parameters of the elastic foundation must be chosen in such a way that enables to shift the eigenfrequencies of the elastic structure from the excitation frequencies of the investigated mechanical device. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.24.4.20742
Technoscience, Hermeneutic and Society Oriented to the Person
Authors: Coca Juan R. , Caballero Caballero Isabel , Francisco Carrera Francisco J. , Paramá Anabel
Published: September 2018

This article becomes the first step towards technoscience as an opened and inter-penetrated enabler. For this the authors develop a theoretical and hermeneutical analysis of the techno-scientific system. A brief history of the modern occidental science is presented. Later, this article offers the first approach to a trans-subjective or trans-personal theory within the Latin American context. The authors show different reactions to the so-called ‘monologated scientific system’ in relationship to the hermeneutic of the person. Later the authors show a more dialogistic system in which other epistemic views are considered. These are connected with the philosophy of wisdom, the theory of personal care, etc. In this sense, and finally, it is considered that the techno-scientific system could be inter-penetrated for the psychic and social scope. In fact, this affirmation is defended to reach a scientific personal progress in a permanent dialogue with other wisdom knowledge.
Social Currencies and Cryptocurrencies: Characteristics, Risks and Comparative Analysis
Authors: Lara Gómez Graciela , Demmler Michael
Published: September 2018

This article deals with the concepts of social currencies and cryptocurrencies. The objective of the present paper is to identify similarities and differences between to two currency systems which represent a new generation of money that exists alongside the official and legal money system. The paper includes an analysis of the major characteristics of both currencies, their operating mechanisms in global and local contexts, as well as their risks and challenges for the financial markets. The article uses a mainly documentary research method and presents selected contributions of experts on the topics of social currencies and cryptocurrencies. Furthermore, empirical evidence is presented to highlight some important characteristics of the Bitcoin currency. The principal result of the paper is that, indeed there exist similarities between social currencies and cryptocurrencies, as for example the absence of a central bank, a lack of regulation and a limited minting process. However, because of aspects like their different origins, their local vs. global character and their inherent financial risks, the two money systems need to be interpreted as fundamentally different. Especially with reference to globally operating cryptocurrencies, given that there does not exist any public cover of the currency nor sufficient regulation, risk management mechanisms need to be improved in order to diminish the speculative tendencies inherent to this currency.
Economía del Bien Común y Finanzas Éticas
Authors: Sanchis Palacio Joan Ramon , Campos Climent Vanessa
Published: September 2018

El modelo de la Economía del Bien Común (EBC) propone el uso de instrumentos, medidas e indicadores para aplicar una gestión financiera ética en las organizaciones. Esto se traduce en el trabajo con bancos éticos y sociales y el uso de otros instrumentos financieros alternativos. De esta manera, el dinero deja de ser un fin en sí mismo y se convierte en un medio al servicio del crecimiento de las empresas y del desarrollo humano. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el tratamiento que la EBC hace de las finanzas éticas a través del estudio de los criterios y subcriterios que se utilizan en la Matriz del Bien Común. Esta Matriz relaciona determinados valores y algunos de los principios universales de los Derechos Humanos con los diferentes grupos de interés de la empresa y establece una serie de variables e indicadores que facilitan la medición de la contribución de las organizaciones al bien común. El análisis realizado demuestra que el modelo de la EBC utiliza como criterio para el comportamiento de las empresas la ética en las finanzas y propone la colaboración con bancos éticos y sociales para financiarse. Aunque la oferta de finanzas éticas y sociales es aún escasa, las empresas que implementan el Balance del Bien Común persiguen la mejora de su comportamiento en relación con el uso de instrumentos de finanzas éticas para realizar sus inversiones y gestionar sus recursos financieros.
Impacto social y económico de las aceleradoras de emprendimiento: análisis de factores condicionantes e implicaciones para la innovación social
Authors: Cánovas Saiz Lydia , March Chordà Isidre , Yagüe Perales Rosa María
Published: September 2018

Este estudio indaga de forma pionera y exploratoria en el desempeño de las Aceleradoras y las start-ups albergadas en ellas en términos del empleo que generan. Los emprendedores que participan en una Aceleradora viven una experiencia que es crucial para la supervivencia, desarrollo y expansión de su start-up. Las Aceleradoras están generando una enorme expectación en España con Valencia a la cabeza, pero son un fenómeno muy reciente por lo que las evidencias empíricas existentes a día de hoy son poco concluyentes o inexistentes. De ahí el carácter pionero de nuestro estudio, el cual ofrece a partir de una muestra de 116 aceleradoras una aproximación al alcance del empleo generado por las start-ups ubicadas en ellas. Las evidencias empíricas encontradas aportan valiosas implicaciones prácticas a tener en cuenta a la hora de generar expectativas realistas acerca de estos instrumentos. Los resultados, de carácter exploratorio, demuestran que las Aceleradoras localizadas en EEUU estimulan la creación de un mayor número de start-ups que en otros países, así como de puestos de trabajo. El estudio identifica las variables que más intensamente inciden en la creación de nuevas empresas y sus niveles de empleo.
No existen mapas para estos territorios: Rubén Martín (Díaz) y la topografía estética de la poesía española reciente
Authors: Cahill Paul
Published: September 2018

Partiendo de la premisa que el mundo poético español actual no es un espacio discursivo neutro abierto a toda aproximación textual este estudio traza las estrategias estéticas de dos poetas españoles contemporáneos cuyos nombres similares—Rubén Martín Díaz (1980) y Rubén Martín (1980)—nos obligan a ir más allá de la firma literaria y adentrarnos en las propuestas de escritura que caracterizan su quehacer poético. Aunque la obra de cada poeta establece un diálogo sugerente con muchos de los mismos conceptos—la mirada, el mundo natural, el yo y el lenguaje—su modo de concebir estos conceptos y su interacción compleja es diferente. En el caso de cada poeta se estudian textos ecfrásticos al lado de otros textos que, juntos, ofrecen una visión de la actitud de cada propuesta de escritura hacia el mundo fragmentado en el que vivimos. Esta exploración nos provee una imagen más clara de las posibilidades estéticas de la poesía española actual y su relación con la tradición literaria española. Aunque este trabajo sólo se enfoca en la obra de estos dos poetas también busca situar su obra en el contexto más amplio de la poesía española actual.
Lenguaje y poder en la poesía de María Salgado y de Ángela Segovia
Authors: Molina Morales Guillermo
Published: September 2018

En el presente artículo, estudiamos tres propuestas actuales que trabajan con la materialidad del lenguaje para generar disidencias en la dimensión política de la poesía. En ready (2012), de María Salgado (1984), se expone una búsqueda de la errancia a través de la pérdida, del desclasamiento, para lo que se rompe con el discurso gramatical cerrado. Hacía un ruido. Frases para un film político (2016), de la misma autora, experimenta un desborde democrático a través de la técnica del “collage”, que permite operar con un gran cantidad de materiales heterogéneos recogidos en el ámbito público, sobre todo en torno al movimiento 15-M. La curva se volvió barricada (2016), de Ángela Segovia (1987), nos implica en una lucha contra el “dominio” (entendido como todo poder cerrado) que amenaza a un sujeto definido desde su cuerpo de mujer. En conjunto, los tres libros suponen una relevante propuesta de apertura en el panorama poético español.