bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS KECEPATAN PEMINDAHAN BUTIRAN JAGUNG TERHADAP KAPASITAS KERJA MESIN KUCKET ELEVATOR TYPE VERTICAL PADA INPUT MESIN PENGGILINGAN JAGUNG
Authors:   Universitas Islam Al-Ihya Kuningan, Adi Nursalim Agus , Ulul Albab Fikri , Haerudin Riki ,   Teknik Mesin Unisa Kuningan
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui variasi putaran bucket elevator pada pemindahan butiran jagung terhadap kapasitas kerja mesin bucket elevator untuk mencapai efektifitas mesin penggiling jagung yang di harapkan UD. Favorit Farm. Dalam penelitian ini Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode eksperimen. Eksperimen yang dilakukan terdiri dari 5 faktor perlakuan putaran bucket elevator, dengan 7 kali ulangan setiap kombinasi perlakuan, sehingga mendapatkan data sebanyak 35 data kapasitas kerja mesin bucket elevator. Data yang digunakan adalah data eksperimen dengan menggunakan data kapasitas kerja mesin bucket elevator. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier sederhana. Pengolahan data menggunakan program IBM SPSS versi 22. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Hubungan kecepatan pemindahan butiran jagung pada bucket elevator terhadap kapasitas kerja bucket elevator pada input mesin penggiling jagung type disk mill berada pada kategori sangat kuat dengan nilai sebesar 0.977 dengan arah hubungan yang searah. (2) Pengaruh variasi kecepatan pemindahan butiran jagung pada bucket elevator positif dan signifikan terhadap kapasitas kerja bucket elevator pada input mesin penggiling jagung type disk mill. Secara keseluruhan, kemampuan model untuk menjelaskan kapasitas kerja bucket elevator sebesar 95%. (3) Putaran Mesin bucket elevator yang cukup efektif untuk menunjang efektifitas kapasitas kerja mesin penggiling jagung yang di harapkan UD. Favorit Farm di 2000 (kg/jam) berada pada putaran 250 (rpm) atau kecepatan pemindahan butiran jagung 1,3 (m/s) dengan nilai rata rata kapasitas kerja 2395(kg/jam) berdasarkan perhitungan uji efektifitas memiliki nilai Efektifitas sebesar 1.18 > 1.
ANALISIS TEGANGAN DAN REGANGAN PADA FILL PLATE UNTUK APLIKASI COOLING TOWER DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN STAINLESS STEEL AISI 202
Authors:   Universitas Islam Al-Ihya Kuningan, FIkri Ahmad , Yulisda Desvina , Anshar Khairul ,   Teknik Mesin Unisa Kuningan
Published: October 2024

Cooling tower merupakan salah satu bagian terpenting dalam industri kimia. Untuk dapat menghasilkan air dingin perlu merubah air menjadi droplet dengan menggunakan fill plate. Saat Saat di aplikasikan pada cooling tower, fill plate akan mengalami beban tekan yang bervariasi. Simulasi dengan menggunakan finite element analysis, akan membantu menunjukkan perilaku fill plate saat beroperasi. Tujuan simulasi ini adalah untuk mengetahui perilaku fill plate saat beroperasi pada cooling tower. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian dilakukan melalui tahapan preprocessing, solution dan postprocessing dengan menggunakan material stainless steel AISI 202. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gaya tekan 22 kN merupakan gaya tekan yang optimum pada fill plate. Hal tersebut menjadikan fill plate mengalami deformasi elastis dan masih aman untuk digunakan. Gaya tekan 40 kN akan menghasilkan deformasi plastis pada material fill plate. Selain itu, gaya tekan di atas 50 kN akan mengakibatkan material fill plate mengalami patah.
PENGARUH VARIASI PENYETELAN IDLE MIXTURE ADJUSTING SCREW (IMAS) TERHADAP EMISI GAS BUANG PADA TOYOTA KIJANG 7K DI SMK NEGERI 6 KUNINGAN
Authors:   Universitas Islam Al-Ihya Kuningan, Ramang Pambudi Azas , Nana Nasuha Cecep , Nur Iman Galih ,   Teknik Mesin Unisa Kuningan
Published: October 2024

Emisi gas buang kendaraan merupakan sisa dampak pembakaran bahan bakar pada pada mesin kendaraan yg dikeluarkan melalui sistem pembuangan mesin,sedangkan proses pembakaran ialah reaksi kimia antara oksigen pada di udara menggunakan senyawa hidrokarbon di pada bahan bakar untuk membuat tenaga. Penelitian ini bertujuan in... menganalisis variasi penyetelan Idle Mixture Adjusting Screw (IMAS) terhadap emisi dan gas buang pada Toyota kijang Superbenzin di Sekolah Menengah kejuruan Negeri 6 Kuningan. Metode yang digunakan artinya eksperimen kuantitatif menggunakan variasi IMAS. semakin tinggi IMAS , kadar karbon monoksida (Cobalt), karbon dioksida (HC), serta karbon dioksida (Compagnon) dalamemisi gas buang semakin rendah. tetapi, pada Parameter lamda dan AFR, kadarnya tetap konstan. sinkron dampak penelitian bisa disimpulkan bahwa Temperatur tak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap emisi gas buang Toyota Kijang Super pada SMK Negeri 6 Kuningan.
PERANCANGAN APLIKASI PERAMALAN OBAT MENGGUNAKAN METODE SINGLE EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING (STUDI KASUS APOTEK SALWA KUNINGAN)
Authors:   Universitas Islam Al-Ihya Kuningan, Fakhru Zaman Fanji , Gopur Asmanul Salam Jaenal ,   Universitas Islam Al-Ihya Kuningan
Published: October 2024

Apotek Salwa di Kabupaten Kuningan menghadapi tantangan dalam mengelola persediaan obat, terutama dalam menentukan kebutuhan obat secara akurat. Ketidakakuratan ini dapat menyebabkan overstock atau stockout, yang masing-masing berakibat pada penumpukan barang berlebihan, peningkatan biaya penyimpanan, risiko kedaluwarsa, ketidakmampuan memenuhi permintaan pasien, penurunan kepuasan pelanggan, dan kerusakan reputasi apotek. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, diperlukan sistem peramalan yang efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang aplikasi peramalan obat menggunakan metode Single Exponential Smoothing (SES). Metode ini dipilih karena kesederhanaan perhitungannya dan kemampuannya menangani data dengan pola musiman atau tren yang lemah. Aplikasi yang akan dibuat adalah aplikasi berbasis website menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP. Diharapkan, dengan aplikasi ini, Apotek Salwa dapat melakukan peramalan kebutuhan obat lebih akurat, mengoptimalkan pengelolaan persediaan, mengurangi risiko kelebihan atau kekurangan stok, dan meningkatkan efisiensi operasional. Studi ini menganalisis penerapan metode SES dalam konteks Apotek Salwa, termasuk tantangan dan solusi yang ditemukan selama proses perancangan aplikasi.
ANALISA PENERAPAN GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE (GMP) PRODUK OLAHAN ROTI (STUDI KASUS: SAE ROTI KUNINGAN)
Authors:   Universitas Islam Al-Ihya Kuningan, Kartika Kartika , abdul cholik, cecep , Kurnia Sandi
Published: October 2024

Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) is a reference for every food processing industry so that it can pay attention to food safety so that it can produce quality and healthy food for consumption. This research aims to: (1) determine the implementation of the Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) system at SAE ROTI. (2) Identifying errors and deviations in the implementation of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) at SAE ROTI. (3) Providing solutions and recommending improvements to errors in implementing Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP). This research was conducted using qualitative methods. Data collection in this research used observation and interviews. The analysis used is descriptive qualitative analysis. The resource persons in this research are Father Muhaemin and Mrs. Suheni as owners of the SAE ROTI industry. The collected data is processed and then analyzed. The results obtained from this research are the identification of the implementation of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) aspects at SAE ROTI that do not meet the GMP criteria and sanitation from the 12 GMP points has 1 point Good, 5 points Fair and 6 points Poor. Based on references from the Permenperin, in the 2 categories of major and critical deviations there are 5 major points and 6 critical points and recommendations for improvement are given based on the results of direct analysis.
ANALISIS PENGARUH SUHU DAN WAKTU PADA SENSOR ECT TERHADAP PERFORMA ENGINE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PADA MESIN TOYOTA AVANZA 2NR DALAM KONDISI STATIONER
Authors:   Universitas Islam Al-Ihya Kuningan, Irfan Riki , Hamdi Rifdi
Published: October 2024

Engine control digunakan buat mengatur pencampuran udara dan bahan bakar, ketika pengapian yang tepat, dan sistem pengontrolan lain di mesin sinkron memakai kondisi dan beban kerja kendaraan. Komponen EMS terdiri dari sensor, european, serta aktuator. selesainya menerima information berasal sensor-sensor, european menyampaikan sinyal pada aktuator untuk mengontrol mesin supaya bisa beroperasi sinkron menggunakan kondisi serta keadaan yg diinginkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan buat menganalisis dampak suhu dan saat pada sensor ECT terhadap performa EMS di mesin Toyota Avanza 2NR. Metode eksperimen digunakan memakai memvariasikan suhu 30°C dan saat kerja tiga s/d 18 mnt buat memperoleh facts mirip Engine RPM, Injection Time, Ignition Timing, intake Air Temperature, Engine Load, serta Air consumption. dampak penelitian menyampaikan bahwa ada dampak signifikan suhu dan saat kerja di sensor ECT terhadap performa EMS di syarat stasioner. Peningkatan suhu mengakibatkan penurunan secara bertahap di parameter Engine Load 42% sampai 34%, Engine RPM 1291,85 sampai 601,seventy seven RPM, Injection Time tiga,5 m/s sampai dua,three m/s, serta Air consumption four,ninety three g/s. consumption Air Temperature cenderung stabil pada lebih kurang 29°C hingga 36°C. Variasi jua terlihat pada parameter Ignition Timing buat memastikan pembakaran yang sempurna dan kinerja mesin yg most reliable.
Factor Analysis on the Motivation for Extensive Reading Questionnaire
Authors: Anggia Helta , Habók Anita
Published: October 2024

This study examined the factors adapted from the Motivation for Reading Questionnaire. We considered eight dimensions (Self-Efficacy, Reading Challenge, Reading Curiosity, Reading Involvement, Importance of Reading, Recognition for Reading, Reading for Grades, and Social Reasons for Reading). In addition, we included some items based on the extensive reading, principles, and technology acceptance model. The study recruited 558 undergraduate students of English as a foreign language in Indonesia via Google Forms. The structure of the questionnaire was validated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. To determine the dependability of the instrument, internal consistency reliabilities of the instrument as a whole and per factor were calculated. We computed the average variance extracted and the Heterotrait-Monotrait Ratio of Correlation to determine convergent and discriminant validities. The results led to the omission of six items with loading values < 0.50. The omissions included one item for Reading Involvement (0.42) and five items for Social Reasons for Reading (0.47; 0.43; n/s.; n/s.; and n/s.). Lastly, the study presented the significance of the results and directions for future studies.
Boisterous Mobs and Violated Borders
Authors: Manning Richard
Published: October 2024

The illegal status of prize-fighting in mid-nineteenth century United States led promoters in the North-East to find locations where matches could be conducted without interference from the authorities. With its relatively low population and easy lake access, Canadian territory along the north shore beaches of Lake Erie proved ideal. On nearly a dozen occasions between 1855 and 1881, thousands of ship-borne spectators navigated the lake to watch championship matches in Canada. This study examines peripheral elements of the matches: the experiences of spectators and the press, and the efforts in both countries to enforce the law. The events present two related areas for analysis. Firstly, the press’ depiction of the spectators provides insight into contemporary ideas about how “polite” society viewed fight enthusiasts. Secondly, while the events exposed and exploited the permeability of the border, they also provoked responses that strengthened it. Ultimately, violent fights, the mob-like behaviour of the crowds, and the flagrant violation of Canadian sovereignty forced governments to respond.
Les sociologues canadiennes dans l’Association internationale de sociologie : conditions et modalités de l’internationalisation
Authors: Sapiro Gisèle , Mestci Alihan
Published: October 2024

Les sociologues canadiennes se sont significativement impliquées dans l’Association internationale de sociologie depuis sa création. Trois de ses congrès se sont tenus au Canada. Le présent article cartographie cette implication au niveau des instances de direction et des comités directeurs des comités de recherche. La comparaison de la participation des sociologues québécoises à celle des sociologues canadiennes anglaises fait apparaître des décalages chronologiques et des investissements différenciés, qui s’estompent à partir des années 1990, dans la conjoncture de la mondialisation, mais aussi des dispositions partagées à l’internationalisation, à partir d’expériences antérieures à l’étranger (doctorats obtenus à l’étranger, parcours migratoires).
Repurposing of eluxadoline as a SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitor: E-Pharmacophore based virtual screening, molecular docking, MM-GBSA calculations, and molecular dynamics simulations studies
Authors: Mohamed Magdi A. , Alanazi Alaa F. , Alanazi Waad A. , Elsaman Tilal , Mohamed Malik S. , Eltayib Eyman M.
Published: October 2024

This study presents a comprehensive computational approach aimed at repurposing an FDA-approved drug, retrieved from the DrugBank database, as a potential inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, a crucial target for antiviral drug development. Utilizing e-pharmacophore-based virtual screening, molecular docking, MM-GBSA calculations, and molecular dynamics simulations, the key interactions and binding affinities of Eluxadoline, the top-ranked drug, with the target protease were elucidated. The findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying Eluxadoline’s inhibitory activity against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, highlighting its potential for combating emerging viral threats. Further experimental validation is recommended to confirm and optimize Eluxadoline’s efficacy, paving the way for its potential clinical application in the ongoing battle against COVID-19. This study underscores the significance of repurposing existing drugs as a promising strategy for urgently needed therapeutics against global pandemics like COVID-19.
FABP4-mediated lipid accumulation and lipolysis in tumor-associated macrophages promote breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Yorek Matthew , Jiang Xingshan , Liu Shanshan , Hao Jiaqing , Yu Jianyu , Avellino Anthony , Liu Zhanxu , Curry Melissa , Keen Henry , Shao Jianqiang , Kanagasabapathy Anand , Kong Maying , Xiong Yiqin , Sauter Edward R , Sugg Sonia L , Li Bing
Published: October 2024

A high density of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) is associated with poorer prognosis and survival in breast cancer patients. Recent studies have shown that lipid accumulation in TAMs can promote tumor growth and metastasis in various models. However, the specific molecular mechanisms that drive lipid accumulation and tumor progression in TAMs remain largely unknown. Herein, we demonstrated that unsaturated fatty acids (FAs), unlike saturated ones, are more likely to form lipid droplets in murine macrophages. Specifically, unsaturated FAs, including linoleic acids (LA), activate the FABP4/CEBPα pathway, leading to triglyceride synthesis and lipid droplet formation. Furthermore, FABP4 enhances lipolysis and FA utilization by breast cancer cell lines, which promotes cancer cell migration in vitro and metastasis in vivo. Notably, a deficiency of FABP4 in murine macrophages significantly reduces LA-induced lipid metabolism. Therefore, our findings suggest FABP4 as a crucial lipid messenger that facilitates unsaturated FA-mediated lipid accumulation and lipolysis in TAMs, thus contributing to the metastasis of breast cancer.
Relation semantic fusion in subgraph for inductive link prediction in knowledge graphs
Authors: Liu Hongbo , Lu Jicang , Zhang Tianzhi , Hou Xuemei , An Peng
Published: October 2024

Inductive link prediction (ILP) in knowledge graphs (KGs) aims to predict missing links between entities that were not seen during the training phase. Recent some subgraph-based methods have shown some advancements, but they all overlook the relational semantics between entities during subgraph extraction. To overcome this limitation, we introduce a novel inductive link prediction model named SASILP (Structure and Semantic Inductive Link Prediction), which comprehensively incorporates relational semantics in both subgraph extraction and node initialization processes. The model employs a random walk strategy to calculate the structural scores of neighboring nodes and utilizes an enhanced graph attention network to determine their semantic scores. By integrating both structural and semantic scores, SASILP strategically selects key nodes to form a subgraph. Furthermore, the subgraph is initialized with a node initialization technique that integrates information about neighboring relations. The experiments conducted on benchmark datasets demonstrate that SASILP outperforms state-of-the-art methods on inductive link prediction tasks, and verify the effectiveness of our approach.
Weaving Reflexivity in Decolonization Paths and Knowledge in Design
Authors: Ortega Pallanez Marysol
Published: October 2024

This article explores the transformative potential of multiple, more complex decolonial paths in design practice. Through a recap of persistent tendencies in design discourse, such as universalization, rooted within coloniality and a European/Western dominant design paradigm, I advocate for a nuanced understanding of commonality and difference in our designing. Bringing the focus to praxis, I draw from examples in my design practice and pedagogy, highlighting the significance of personal reflexivity in challenging conventional design ideals and a mostly singular design history, while underscoring the importance of incorporating personal history, the history of the place, and its conditions to weave decolonial paths toward conviviality and the sustainment of life.
Single Molecules for Quantum Information and Metrology
Authors:   , Escalante de Posada Richard
Published: October 2024

ingle luminescent molecules provide a unique approach in the development of quantum technologies utilizing single photon sources. This includes quantum metrology by using a molecule’s sensitivity of its emission and magnetic properties to the local environment. In this thesis, we present our investigation of the optical properties of several different classes of luminescent molecules. We begin by providing some theoretical background of single quantum emitters as well as a brief description of the experimental methodologies and equipment. Next, we present an optical investigation of an ensemble of iron phthalocyanines molecules. This molecule possesses a ground state triplet, which is a desirable property for optically active spin qubits, but has a very weak optical emission. Diffraction limited spots displayed photo-instability in the form of blinking and irreversible bleaching. In ensemble form however, their optical stability allowed us to identify a possible Raman peak where we calculated the associated phonon frequency. Next, we present our single molecule study of vanadium phthalocyanine. This molecule has been documented as displaying very long spin coherence times even at room temperatures. We confirmed the presence of a single molecule by measuring the second order correlation function. Additionally, we looked at the intensity and spectral response as a function of the excitation laser polarization. The spectrum was fitted to a two Gaussian function, which may correspond to the two dipole transitions as suggested by theoretical calculations. Lastly, we looked at the optical properties of rare earth europium complexes known for having very sharp optical transitions in the emission spectrum, with each having varying levels of sensitivity to the local environment. Motivated by techniques to investigate non-radiative decay channels, we looked at the optical response of four different europium complexes under two 1 µs pulses of 515 nm laser separated by 1 µs. Each displayed a very different results and allowed us to identify the best candidates for single molecule studies. Finally, we looked at the emission spectrum as well as the optical response under a 6 µs long pulse using time-correlation single photon spectroscopy.
Produção de forragem e remoção de nutrientes por dois híbridos de sorgo forrageiro
Authors: Tenório Tulio Menezes , Oliveira Mauro Wagner de , Santos Dalmo de Freitas , Cunha Jorge Luiz Xavier Lins , Cavalcante Jair Tenório , Paes Reinaldo de Alencar , Costa Carlos Eduardo Moreira
Published: October 2024

Avaliaram-se o estado nutricional, a concentração e o acúmulo de nutrientes na biomassa aérea dos sorgos forrageiros BRS658 e Volumax, em três ciclos (primeiro corte, e primeira e segunda rebrotas). O estudo foi instalado em solo de boa fertilidade, sem alumínio trocável no perfil de 0 a 40 cm. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com seis repetições. A adubação química utilizada na semeadura foi equivalente a 70 kg de fósforo, aplicando-se em cobertura 200 kg de N e 200 kg de K. Na primeira e segunda rebrotas foram aplicados apenas N e K, também em doses de 200 kg por hectare, para ambos os nutrientes. Na fase de emissão da panícula, foram coletadas folhas, nas três fileiras centrais, para avaliação do estado nutricional das plantas. Quando as plantas de sorgo estavam com teor médio de matéria seca próximo a 330 g kg-1, os sorgos foram cortados a cerca de 10 cm acima do solo, determinando-se posteriormente o acúmulo de matéria seca e de nutrientes na biomassa aérea. Nos três ciclos as plantas tiverem concentração foliar adequada de macro e micronutrientes, a proteína bruta na biomassa aérea variou de 79,68 a 81,88 g por kg de matéria seca, suficiente para uma boa fermentação ruminal. As práticas agrícolas adotadas permitiram alta produtividade de forragem, totalizando cerca de 42,0 t de matéria seca por hectare nos três ciclos. Obtiveram-se valores médios de remoção de 541, 91 e 593 kg de N, P e K, respectivamente, por hectare, nos três cortes.
The 1930 Mawbanna Thylacine: The evidence and photographic legacy of the last confirmed wild kill
Authors: Linnard Gareth , Sleightholme Stephen R.
Published: October 2024

The last confirmed wild Thylacine kill, that of an adult male, was made by Wilfred Batty on a property leased by his father in the Parish of Anderson, within the Mawbanna district on the north-west coast of Tasmania, at midday on the 13th of May 1930. In terms of the historical traceability of the species in the wild, the shooting of the Mawbanna Thylacine, the first of only four evidentially supported specimens recovered during the 1930s, antedates the capture of the two Delphin juveniles by 55 and 83-89 days respectively, the male of which being the only credible candidate for the last captive Thylacine (Linnard et al., 2020; Linnard & Sleightholme, 2023). It also predates the 1931 Kaine capture (Sleightholme et al., 2020), the final evidentially supported occasion when a Thylacine was retrieved from the wild by approximately nine months. A contemporary newspaper article provided a brief account of the kill with the incident becoming synonymous with the trophy image of Batty posed with the dead Thylacine. However, before his death in 1989 Batty's testimony was recorded by three detailed sources - McIntyre (1955), Thompson (1974) and Ryghe (1990), allowing a more nuanced understanding of the circumstances surrounding the kill. Additionally, this publication introduces three previously unseen photographs, allowing all the known images of the kill to be sequenced, attributed, and their context discussed.
Low Intensity Laser Therapy: A Review of Its Applications and Effectiveness in Health, General Dentistry and Endodontics
Authors: Beatriz Pinto Soares  , Silva Filho José Evando da , Dias Aldo Angelim
Published: October 2024

Aims: To evaluate the use of low-level laser therapy in endodontic treatment and its broader applicability in General Health and Dentistry.
Study Design: Literature review.
Place and Duration of Study: The study involved searching articles and book chapters in the Google Scholar and PubMed databases from 2018 to 2023, with the review concluding in 2024.
Methodology: The review used descriptors from the Brazilian Health Sciences Descriptors database: Laser Therapy, Low-Level Light Therapy, Endodontic Treatment, Dentistry, and their Portuguese equivalents. A total of 34 articles were selected, focusing exclusively on low-level laser therapy and its applications. Articles not addressing this specific therapy were excluded.
Results: Low-level laser therapy is frequently used as an adjunct in general health, dentistry and endodontic treatment. Clinical applications, such as postoperative pain control, root canal system disinfection, periapical surgery, and tissue repair, showed promising results. However, more theoretical and clinical evidence is still required to fully establish its efficacy. Further research is needed to strengthen the evidence base and optimize its clinical use.
Conclusion: Low-level laser therapy offers a potential non-invasive treatment option in endodontics, with satisfactory outcomes in various clinical applications.
Evaluation of Bread Wheat (Tritium aestivum L.) Genotype in Multi-environment Trials Using Enhanced Statistical Models
Authors: Alemu Gadisa , Sime Berhanu , Geleta Negash , Dabi Alemu , Duga Ruth , Delesa Abebe , Zegaye Habtemariam , Solomon Tafesse , Zewdu Demeke , Asnake Dawit , Asefa Bayisa , Getamesay Abebe , Abeyo Bekele , Badebo Ayele , Bayisa Tilahun , Homa Shitaye , Girma Endashaw
Published: October 2024

In varietal selection field trials, spatial variation and genotype by environment (GxE) interaction are frequent and present a major challenge to plant breeders comparing the genetic potential of several cultivars. To consistently select superior cultivars that increase agricultural production, bread wheat breeding studies must be evaluated using efficient statistical techniques. By modeling the interactions of geographical field trends and genotypes by environment interaction, this work aimed to forecast the genetic potential of bread wheat varieties across settings and improve selection tactics. The dataset utilized in this investigation consisted of sixteen multi-environment trials (MET) that were carried out using a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with two replications arranged in plot arrays of rows and columns. The findings showed that the factor analytical and spatial models were effective ways to analyze the data for this study under the linear mixed model. By ranking average Best Linear Unbiased Predictions (BLUPs) within clusters, the 16 bread wheat environments were grouped into three mega environments (C1, C2, and C3) based on yield. This served as a selection indicator. Ranking average BLUPs helped in the selection of superior and stable genotypes. The first cluster (C1)'s mean BLUP values were used to score the genotypes' performance; C2 and C3 were excluded because of their limited genetic variety and low genetic connection with the other trials. The genotypes with the highest potential based on this cluster were EBW192346 and EBW192347, chosen for a subsequent verification study to release a variety. The estimates for variance component parameters ranged from 0.013 to 3.024 for genetic variance and from 0.072 to 0.37 for error variance.  Hence, scaling up the use of this efficient analysis method will improve the selection of superior bread wheat varieties.
Effect of Different Growing Media and Polybag Sizes on Seeds Germination & Root System of Rough Lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.) in Nursery Condition
Authors: Shweta  , Dalal R.P.S , Kumar Pravesh , Sabharwal Shweta , Renu
Published: October 2024

Aims: The study aimed to evaluate the different growing media & polybag size for seedling growth of rough lemon rootstock.
Study Design:  The experiment used a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications.
Place and Duration of Study: The study "Effect of Growing Media and Polybag Size on Rough Lemon Seedling Growth" took place in an insect-proof net house at CCS Haryana Agricultural University during the 2021-2022 academic year.
Methodology: It comprising of 30 treatment combination i.e., ten different growing media: T1: garden soil; T2: soil: sand (1:1); T3: soil: sand: leafmold (1:1:1); T4: soil: cocopeat (1:1); T5: sand: cocopeat (1:1); T6: soil: sand: cocopeat (1:1:1); T7: soil: FYM (1:1); T8: sand: FYM (1:1); T9: soil: sand: FYM (1:1:1); T10: soil: sand: FYM: cocopeat (1:1:1:1), and the polybags S1: large (30 x 18 cm), S2: medium (21 x 18 cm) & S3: small size (17 x 16 cm) bags.
Results: The study found that adding cocopeat to growing media (T4, T5, T6) resulted in earlier germination and higher rates (87-89%) Whereas, T4 to T10 media consists of either FYM, cocopeat for both resulted into more germination 87-89% as compared to controls (T1, T2, T3). The most of the root growth parameters i.e., diameter of tap root(2.45mm), fresh root weight (4.63g) & dry root weight (1.21g) & root: shoot ratio (0.61) improved with the media sand: FYM, soil: FYM, sand: soil: FYM, sand: soil: FYM: cocopeat in equal proportion. However, when media supplemented with cocopeat (T4, T5 & T6 ) also showed appreciable results as compared to soil, sand: soil & soil: sand: leafmold. However, sand: FYM, sand: cocopeat treatments were best in respect of number of primary roots (61.22), root volume (6.44ml). Whereas, sand: soil showed very poor results in all growth aspects. Among polybags sizes, large size (30 x 18cm) bags performed best in most of the germination & root growth parameters.
Conclusion: Media enriched with organic matter outperformed sole media across all parameters, while larger polybags produced significantly better results than medium and small sizes.
Effect of Organic Nutrient Sources on Economics, Soil Micro Nutrient Status and Microbial Growth of Ragi under Guni Method of Cultivation
Authors: Latha H. S. , Umilsingh Nunavath , T Jayanthi. , Venkatachalapathi V. , Prasanna Jakku , Naveen D. V.
Published: October 2024

A field experiment was conducted during the kharif-2019 at the farmers field of Mylandahalli in Chikkaballapura distict of Karnataka, to study the effect of organic nutrient sources on soil micro nutrient status, microbial count and economics of finger millet under guni method. The trial was framed out in randomized blocked design with twelve treatments reproduced thrice. The results of different organic nutrient sources were showed that supplement of sericulture waste compost (SWC) @ 50% N eq. + Enriched biodigested liquid manure (EBDLM) @ 50% N eq. ha-1 + panchagavya (PG) spray @ 3% (T9) had a significant effect on micro nutrient status in soil and their values were statistically higher than all the other treatments. The findings of study reported that supplement of sericulture waste compost (SWC) @ 50% N eq. + Enriched biodigested liquid manure (EBDLM) @ 50% N eq. ha-1 + panchagavya (PG) spray @ 3% (T9) recorded significantly higher Diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) extractable iron, zinc, manganese and copper in soil. Likewise, the same treatment had recorded significantly superior in population of bacteria (49.96 colony forming units (CFU) x 106 g-1), fungi (27.36 CFU x 103 g-1) and actinomycetes (14.44 CFU x 103 g-1) were noticed compared to others and found to be highest economic returns during cropping period of kharif 2019.
Determining the Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) on the Growth of Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) cv. Rajat Rekha
Authors: Tomar Rohan , Malik Sunil , Kumar Mukesh , Kumar Satendra , Singh S. P. , Singh Bhim , Chandra Abhishek , Kaushik Krishna
Published: October 2024

Tuberose, a valuable ornamental crop, requires optimized nutrient management to maximize its potential. With increasing concerns about chemical fertilizer usage, integrated nutrient management (INM) offers a sustainable alternative. This study investigated the effects of INM on Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) cv. Rajat Rekha, exploring combinations of organic and inorganic fertilizers to promote growth and productivity.
The results showed that integrated nutrient management significantly enhanced growth parameters. Specifically, the treatment combining 75% Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (RDF) with 2 kg Farm Yard Manure (FYM)/m2, 300g Vermicompost (VC)/m2, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB), and Azospirillum (T15) yielded superior results. This treatment reduced days to sprouting (12.10 and 14.18), and improved plant height (40.8 and 41.7 cm), leaf length (48.0 and 48.6 cm), leaf width (1.78 and 1.80 cm), and leaf number (60.8 and 61.4).
These findings suggest that integrated nutrient management can enhance Tuberose productivity while minimizing chemical fertilizer reliance. The identified optimal treatment combination offers a viable strategy for sustainable Tuberose cultivation, contributing to environmentally friendly agricultural practices. Future research can focus on scaling up these results and exploring potential applications in other ornamental crops.
Removal of deep lithosphere in ancient continental collisional orogens: A case study from central Tibet, China
Authors: Chen Sheng‐Sheng , Fan Wei‐Ming , Shi Ren‐Deng , Gong Xiao‐Han , Wu Kang
Published: March 2017

Widespread but small‐volume Late Cretaceous volcanic rocks in central Tibet contain important information on the Lhasa‐Qiangtang collision process. In this contribution, we focus on Late Cretaceous volcanics in the southern Qiangtang subterrane and present zircon LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Pb ages, whole‐rock major and trace element compositions, and Sr‐Nd isotopic data. Zircon LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Pb dating yielded a concordant age of 80 Ma, which postdates the Early Cretaceous collision of the Qiangtang and Lhasa terranes. The volcanic rocks are potassium‐rich alkaline andesites with high contents of K2O (3.45–5.11 wt %) and Th (13.39–25.02 ppm), as well as high K2O/Na2O ratios (0.6–0.9). They have higher REE and HFSE contents than coeval Mg‐rich and adakite‐like magmatic rocks that can be related to partial melting of a thickened lower crust. Moreover, they have higher values of Mg# and lower contents of SiO2 than lower continental crust‐derived rocks in central Tibet and experimental data of mafic rocks. We argue that the andesites were generated after the removal of thickened lithospheric mantle and subsequent to the final Lhasa‐Qiangtang amalgamation in a postcollisional setting. The high‐K characteristics can be explained by producing the primitive andesite magmas from partial melting of the residual and shallow metasomatized lithospheric mantle (the K‐rich layer) during heating by upwelling asthenosphere; subsequently, these primitive andesite magmas were subjected to fractional crystallization to generate the Amdo andesites. The way in which these andesites were formed provides evidence for the lithospheric thickening and uplifting of central Tibet during the Late Cretaceous prior to India‐Asia collision.
Revisiting ENSO/Indian Ocean Dipole phase relationships
Authors: Stuecker Malte F. , Timmermann Axel , Jin Fei‐Fei , Chikamoto Yoshimitsu , Zhang Wenjun , Wittenberg Andrew T. , Widiasih Esther , Zhao Sen
Published: March 2017

Here we show that the characteristics of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), such as its power spectrum and phase relationship with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), can be succinctly explained by ENSO combination mode (C‐mode) wind and heat flux forcing together with a seasonal modulation of the air/sea coupled Indian Ocean (IO) Bjerknes feedback. This model explains the observed high‐frequency near‐annual IOD variability in terms of deterministic ENSO/annual cycle interactions. ENSO‐independent IOD events can be understood as a seasonally modulated ocean response to white noise atmospheric forcing. Under this new physical null hypothesis framework, IOD predictability is determined by both ENSO predictability and the ENSO signal‐to‐noise ratio. We further emphasize that lead/lag correlations between different climate variables are easily misinterpreted when not accounting properly for the seasonal modulation of the underlying climate phenomena.
A model for tidewater glacier undercutting by submarine melting
Authors: Slater D. A. , Nienow P. W. , Goldberg D. N. , Cowton T. R. , Sole A. J.
Published: March 2017

Dynamic change at the marine‐terminating margins of the Greenland Ice Sheet may be initiated by the ocean, particularly where subglacial runoff drives vigorous ice‐marginal plumes and rapid submarine melting. Here we model submarine melt‐driven undercutting of tidewater glacier termini, simulating a process which is key to understanding ice‐ocean coupling. Where runoff emerges from broad subglacial channels we find that undercutting has only a weak impact on local submarine melt rate but increases total ablation by submarine melting due to the larger submerged ice surface area. Thus, the impact of melting is determined not only by the melt rate magnitude but also by the slope of the ice‐ocean interface. We suggest that the most severe undercutting occurs at the maximum height in the fjord reached by the plume, likely promoting calving of ice above. It remains unclear, however, whether undercutting proceeds sufficiently rapidly to influence calving at Greenland's fastest‐flowing glaciers.
A probabilistic approach to quantifying hydrologic thresholds regulating migration of adult Atlantic salmon into spawning streams
Authors: Lazzaro G. , Soulsby C. , Tetzlaff D. , Botter G.
Published: March 2017

Atlantic salmon is an economically and ecologically important fish species, whose survival is dependent on successful spawning in headwater rivers. Streamflow dynamics often have a strong control on spawning because fish require sufficiently high discharges to move upriver and enter spawning streams. However, these streamflow effects are modulated by biological factors such as the number and the timing of returning fish in relation to the annual spawning window in the fall/winter. In this paper, we develop and apply a novel probabilistic approach to quantify these interactions using a parsimonious outflux‐influx model linking the number of female salmon emigrating (i.e., outflux) and returning (i.e., influx) to a spawning stream in Scotland. The model explicitly accounts for the interannual variability of the hydrologic regime and the hydrological connectivity of spawning streams to main rivers. Model results are evaluated against a detailed long‐term (40 years) hydroecological data set that includes annual fluxes of salmon, allowing us to explicitly assess the role of discharge variability. The satisfactory model results show quantitatively that hydrologic variability contributes to the observed dynamics of salmon returns, with a good correlation between the positive (negative) peaks in the immigration data set and the exceedance (nonexceedance) probability of a threshold flow (0.3 m3/s). Importantly, model performance deteriorates when the interannual variability of flow regime is disregarded. The analysis suggests that flow thresholds and hydrological connectivity for spawning return represent a quantifiable and predictable feature of salmon rivers, which may be helpful in decision making where flow regimes are altered by water abstractions.
Preferences for policy attributes and willingness to pay for water quality improvements under uncertainty
Authors: Mullen Jeffrey D. , Calhoun Kayla C. , Colson Gregory J.
Published: March 2017

When exploring environmental policy options, sometimes neither the current state of the environmental good being analyzed nor the effectiveness of the proposed policy is known with certainty. This is the case with privately owned, residential, onsite wastewater treatment systems (septic systems)—there is ample evidence that they can contribute to water quality impairment, but their contribution is generally stochastic in nature and the efficacy of technological solutions is uncertain. Furthermore, the benefits of ameliorating water quality impairments are public in nature. Septic system owners are legally responsible for maintaining their systems, but requiring them to upgrade otherwise properly functioning tanks is outside the scope of water quality regulations. An incentive structure is necessary to induce private homeowners to invest in septic upgrades that deliver both private benefits in addition to the positive externality for the wider public and environment. The question for policy makers is how these private incentives should be financed, and whether public support can be garnered. Results of a choice experiment in Gwinnett County, Georgia, accounting for both sources of uncertainty—the current state of water quality and the efficacy of the intervention—in the design of water quality policy are presented. We find baseline water quality conditions and policy efficacy significantly affect public support for a policy transferring public funds to private homeowners, in terms of both sentiment and willingness to pay. The manner in which costs are shared across stakeholders also affects the selection of a policy option, but not willingness to pay for it.
Field estimates of groundwater circulation depths in two mountainous watersheds in the western U.S. and the effect of deep circulation on solute concentrations in streamflow
Authors: Frisbee Marty D. , Tolley Douglas G. , Wilson John L.
Published: March 2017

Estimates of groundwater circulation depths based on field data are lacking. These data are critical to inform and refine hydrogeologic models of mountainous watersheds, and to quantify depth and time dependencies of weathering processes in watersheds. Here we test two competing hypotheses on the role of geology and geologic setting in deep groundwater circulation and the role of deep groundwater in the geochemical evolution of streams and springs. We test these hypotheses in two mountainous watersheds that have distinctly different geologic settings (one crystalline, metamorphic bedrock and the other volcanic bedrock). Estimated circulation depths for springs in both watersheds range from 0.6 to 1.6 km and may be as great as 2.5 km. These estimated groundwater circulation depths are much deeper than commonly modeled depths suggesting that we may be forcing groundwater flow paths too shallow in models. In addition, the spatial relationships of groundwater circulation depths are different between the two watersheds. Groundwater circulation depths in the crystalline bedrock watershed increase with decreasing elevation indicative of topography‐driven groundwater flow. This relationship is not present in the volcanic bedrock watershed suggesting that both the source of fracturing (tectonic versus volcanic) and increased primary porosity in the volcanic bedrock play a role in deep groundwater circulation. The results from the crystalline bedrock watershed also indicate that relatively deep groundwater circulation can occur at local scales in headwater drainages less than 9.0 km2 and at larger fractions than commonly perceived. Deep groundwater is a primary control on streamflow processes and solute concentrations in both watersheds.
Steady state fractionation of heavy noble gas isotopes in a deep unsaturated zone
Authors: Seltzer Alan M. , Severinghaus Jeffrey P. , Andraski Brian J. , Stonestrom David A.
Published: March 2017

To explore steady state fractionation processes in the unsaturated zone (UZ), we measured argon, krypton, and xenon isotope ratios throughout a ∼110 m deep UZ at the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Amargosa Desert Research Site (ADRS) in Nevada, USA. Prior work has suggested that gravitational settling should create a nearly linear increase in heavy‐to‐light isotope ratios toward the bottom of stagnant air columns in porous media. Our high‐precision measurements revealed a binary mixture between (1) expected steady state isotopic compositions and (2) unfractionated atmospheric air. We hypothesize that the presence of an unsealed pipe connecting the surface to the water table allowed for direct inflow of surface air in response to extensive UZ gas sampling prior to our first (2015) measurements. Observed isotopic resettling in deep UZ samples collected a year later, after sealing the pipe, supports this interpretation. Data and modeling each suggest that the strong influence of gravitational settling and weaker influences of thermal diffusion and fluxes of CO2 and water vapor accurately describe steady state isotopic fractionation of argon, krypton, and xenon within the UZ. The data confirm that heavy noble gas isotopes are sensitive indicators of UZ depth. Based on this finding, we outline a potential inverse approach to quantify past water table depths from noble gas isotope measurements in paleogroundwater, after accounting for fractionation during dissolution of UZ air and bubbles.
Reducing uncertainty with flood frequency analysis: The contribution of paleoflood and historical flood information
Authors: Lam Daryl , Thompson Chris , Croke Jacky , Sharma Ashneel , Macklin Mark
Published: March 2017

Using a combination of stream gauge, historical, and paleoflood records to extend extreme flood records has proven to be useful in improving flood frequency analysis (FFA). The approach has typically been applied in localities with long historical records and/or suitable river settings for paleoflood reconstruction from slack‐water deposits (SWDs). However, many regions around the world have neither extensive historical information nor bedrock gorges suitable for SWDs preservation and paleoflood reconstruction. This study from subtropical Australia demonstrates that confined, semialluvial channels such as macrochannels provide relatively stable boundaries over the 1000–2000 year time period and the preserved SWDs enabled paleoflood reconstruction and their incorporation into FFA. FFA for three sites in subtropical Australia with the integration of historical and paleoflood data using Bayesian Inference methods showed a significant reduction in uncertainty associated with the estimated discharge of a flood quantile. Uncertainty associated with estimated discharge for the 1% Annual Exceedance Probability (AEP) flood is reduced by more than 50%. In addition, sensitivity analysis of possible within‐channel boundary changes shows that FFA is not significantly affected by any associated changes in channel capacity. Therefore, a greater range of channel types may be used for reliable paleoflood reconstruction by evaluating the stability of inset alluvial units, thereby increasing the quantity of temporal data available for FFA. The reduction in uncertainty, particularly in the prediction of the ≤1% AEP design flood, will improve flood risk planning and management in regions with limited temporal flood data.
Flow resistance and hydraulic geometry in contrasting reaches of a bedrock channel
Authors: Ferguson R. I. , Sharma B. P. , Hardy R. J. , Hodge R. A. , Warburton J.
Published: March 2017

Assumptions about flow resistance in bedrock channels have to be made for mechanistic modeling of river incision, paleoflood estimation, flood routing, and river engineering. Field data on bedrock flow resistance are very limited and calculations generally use standard alluvial‐river assumptions such as a fixed value of Manning's n. To help inform future work, we measured how depth, velocity, and flow resistance vary with discharge in four short reaches of a small bedrock channel, one with an entirely rock bed and the others with 20–70% sediment cover, and in the alluvial channel immediately upstream. As discharge and submergence increase in each of the partly or fully alluvial reaches there is a rapid increase in velocity and a strong decline in both n and the Darcy‐Weisbach friction factor f. The bare‐rock reach follows a similar trend from low to medium discharge but has increasing resistance at higher discharges because of the macroroughness of its rock walls. Flow resistance at a given discharge differs considerably between reaches and is highest where the partial sediment cover is coarsest and most extensive. Apart from the effect of rough rock walls, the flow resistance trends are qualitatively consistent with logarithmic and variable‐power equations and with nondimensional hydraulic geometry, but quantitative agreement using sediment D84 as the roughness height is imperfect.