bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Жидкостная хроматография со свободной неподвижной фазой в неорганическом анализе
Authors: Марютина Татьяна Анатольевна , Савонина Елена Юрьевна
Published: August 2024

Описаны отличительные особенности и основные вехи развития и применения метода жидкостной хроматографии со свободной неподвижной фазой (ЖХСНФ) в неорганическом анализе. Под действием ассиметричного поля сил, возникающих при планетарном движении разделительной колонки, одна из фаз двухфазной жидкостной системы удерживается в колонке без специального носителя при непрерывном прокачивании второй фазы. Сочетание принципов жидкость-жидкостной экстракции и хроматографии в методе ЖХСНФ позволяет проводить концентрирование, разделение и выделение целевых компонентов из различных матриц за один цикл. Отмечено, что именно российские исследователи в 1986 г впервые в мире предложили использовать метод для разделения неорганических веществ с близкими свойствами. Обзор содержит краткую информацию об аппаратурном оформлении метода ЖХСНФ и областях его применения. Приведены отдельные примеры использования метода в аналитической химии неорганических веществ (анализ особо чистых веществ, разделение редкоземельных элементов, радионуклидов, металлов платиновой группы, анализ нефти и технологических растворов). Показано, что метод ЖХСНФ весьма перспективен в анализе широкого спектра образцов и может стать надежным инструментом в арсенале химиков-аналитиков.
Axon tracing and node segmentation of myelinated bladder afferents in the pelvic nerve v1
Authors: Fuller-Jackson John-Paul , B Osborne Peregrine , R Keast Janet
Published: August 2024

This protocol describes method for tracing myelinated axons labelled with the adeno-associated virus, AAV-PHP.S and neurofascin immunohistochemistry (to identify paranodes) in pelvic nerve of rat, using Neurolucida 360. This tracing method can be applied to various types of peripheral nerves. In rats, AAV-PHP.S has a high tropism for myelinated but not unmyelinated afferents. Cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) microinjected into the bladder was used to identify bladder afferents in the pelvic nerve. This protocol does not include details of the immunohistochemistry or procedures involving animals (viral labelling and CTB tracing). Other antibodies relevant to myelinated axons can be used instead of neurofascin.
Techniques for the detection and counting of starch particles in the atmosphere v1
Authors: F. Pérez Claudio , Maciel Ramos Mejía Soledad , Gassmann María , F. Iacono Rubén , C. De Marzi Mauricio , Covi Mauro
Published: August 2024

Suspended particles in the atmosphere (aerosols) can impact visibility, the radiation budget, architectural heritage, agricultural activity, and human health (Pérez et al., 2020). Recent studies suggest that flour derivatives like starch are present in the environment (de Diego et al., under revision). This research protocol outlines a list of suitable techniques for detecting and recording the presence of starch in the air.
Total and PS129 aSyn levels using Western Blot v1
Authors: daniel daniel.dautan , Paslawski Wojciech
Published: August 2024

Measure total and ps129 alpha-synuclein in mouse plasma.
Immunohistochemical staining of wholemount major pelvic ganglia (MPG) for analysis of myelinated bladder afferents v1
Authors: R Keast Janet , B Osborne Peregrine , Wiedmann Nicole
Published: August 2024

This protocol describes immunohistochemical procedures applied to wholemount major pelvic ganglia (MPG) for the visualization of myelinated axons filled with cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) and/or neurons transfected with adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing TdTomato. In this protocol, samples were obtained from rats in which CTB was microinjected into the bladder, and AAV-PHP.S was intravenously administered to preferentially and sparsely label peripheral neurons. In this context, neurofascin (paranode marker) identifies myelinated axons.
Carlos A. Jáuregui, David M. Solodkow y Karina Herazo Ardila, comps., Emiliano Zapata: 100 años, 100 fotos. Bogotá: Ediciones Uniandes / Casasola México, 2022, 276 pp.
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Fajardo Tapia David
Published: August 2024

El libro tiene una edición bien cuidada y las impresiones destacan por su calidad, misma que permite ver los detalles que enriquecen el análisis de las imágenes.
“Turismo para todos”: El gobierno de Salvador Allende y los balnearios populares (1970-1973)
Authors:   Universidad de Valparaíso, Yáñez Andrade Juan Carlos
Published: August 2024

El objetivo del presente artículo es estudiar el turismo social durante la Unidad Popular en Chile (1970-1973) y en específico su programa de balnearios populares. Se señala que los balnearios populares se inscriben en un desarrollo histórico del derecho al descanso y el turismo, pero que durante la Unidad Popular fueron parte de la disputa por los espacios que habían sido tradicionalmente privilegio de la elite y la clase media favorecida. Como resultados, se señala que los balnearios populares se extendieron a lo largo del país impactando la vida de miles de veraneantes y jugando un papel importante en la construcción de la sociedad socialista.
Cuatro Yanquis en Montevideo (1958-1969): una mirada sobre la protesta estudiantil y la radicalización política
Authors:   Universidad de la República de Uruguay, Gapenne Camille
Published: August 2024

Este artículo busca analizar cuatro episodios de protesta estudiantil que estallaron con motivo de visitas oficiales de representantes de Estados Unidos a Uruguay, realizadas entre 1958 y 1969. A partir de estos eventos, pretendemos aportar a la comprensión de los mecanismos de la radicalización política y al estudio de la protesta estudiantil. Con este propósito, propondremos una descripción de dichos cuatro episodios, enmarcándolos en el contexto de la Guerra Fría latinoamericana. Este panorama general nos permite, en un segundo tiempo, enfocarnos en la protesta estudiantil para observar la evolución de su repertorio de acción colectiva, que va articulando medidas disruptivas y herramientas de comunicación, en interacción con una multitud de actores tales como las autoridades universitarias, el gobierno, los representantes estadounidenses y los medios.
Bandidos y revolucionarios. Narrativas de la contrainsurgencia y la insurgencia zapatista en la zona de Tenancingo a inicios de la Revolución Mexicana
Authors:   El Colegio Mexiquense, Pérez Ramírez Tatiana
Published: August 2024

En años recientes se ha puesto énfasis en el estudio del zapatismo fuera de Morelos. Uno de los lugares donde se puede advertir la llegada de este movimiento y el desarrollo de sus ideas es la zona de Tenancingo, en el Estado de México, cuya ubicación geográfica fue estratégica e importante en el periodo porque formó parte del corredor de comunicación de los grupos revolucionarios. Ponemos atención en las expresiones de bandidaje y disidencia que convergieron y se entremezclaron con las actividades de los zapatistas. Se reflexiona sobre las distintas narrativas que se construyen a partir del análisis de estos actores sociales en donde se ubica dos polos: la contrainsurgencia y la insurgencia.
Tourism Application Development with a Recommendation System based on Fuzzy Logic
Authors:   ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation, Kotsyuba I. Y. , Blinov I. S. ,   ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation
Published: August 2024

The article addresses issues related to the breadth and multifaceted aspects of the tourism industry. It discusses the practical benefits of using recommendation systems based on mobile devices. Mobile applications with recom­mendation systems play an important role in the tourism planning process, offering users personalized suggestions that enhance their travel experience. The main focus of this work is on the use of fuzzy logic as the basis for the rec­ommendation system, which allows for a more flexible and accurate suggestion mechanism that takes into account uncertainties and the diversity of user preferences. The methodology proposed by the authors is based on applying a fuzzy content model to the described problems as an effective extension of the collaborative model. The article describes a method for implementing the recommendation system algorithm, lists the technical tools used to imple­ment the application, presents an activity diagram of the working application, describes the process of searching, preparing, and annotating data used in the working application. The presented software and methodological tools help to solve problems associated with the clear categorization of tourist objects within traditional types of tourism, arising from the broad classification of tourist objects, thereby improving the quality of the tourist experience.
IT Applications for the Tuvan Language: Regional Practices and Future Plans
Authors:   Tuvan State University, Kyzyl, 667000, Russian Federation, Mongush Ch. M. , Dalaa S. M. ,   Tuvan State University, Kyzyl, 667000, Russian Federation, Dash A. A. ,   Tuvan State University, Kyzyl, 667000, Russian Federation
Published: August 2024

In the era of digitalization and globalization, the likelihood of the disappearance of small languages, including the Tuvan language is very high. One of the reliable and promising solutions for preserving a language is its inclusion in the digital space as a language of accumulation, processing and transmission of information, a language of communication on the Internet. Currently, a number of tasks aimed at preserving and popularizing the Tuvan language are being car­ried out within the framework of the state program to support the development of the Tuvan language in the Republic of Tuva. Various government agencies of the Republic of Tuva and interested IT specialists are working on the digitalization of the Tuvan language. Tuvan State University (TuvSU) also makes a significant contribution to the development and popularization of the Tuvan language. Teachers of the Department of Informatics of TuvSU together with scientists from the Faculty of Philology and the "Turkology" scientific and educational centerwork in the following areas: development of software products for teaching the Tuvan language, creation of software tools for text processing in the Tuvan language, creation of linguistic information resources. Along with TuvSU teachers, students from the faculties of physics, mathematics and philology also take part in this research work. The topics of students' coursework and final qualification papers are related to IT developments. This article presents the experience of research and development of teachers of the Department of Computer Science in the field of preservation, study and development of the Tuvan language using information and communication technologies in these three areas. In the first direction, electronic textbooks, interactive simulators, and mobile applications for teaching the Tuvan language are being developed. The second direction is focused on the creation of software products for processing texts in the Tuvan language — a morphological analyzer of the Tuvan language, program for checking Tuvan texts for plagiarism. The last direction is related to the creation of electronic dictionaries and translators for the Tuvan language, which can be used in all spheres of life.
CORRECTION OF NEGATIVE MENTAL STATES OF CADETS WITH THE HELP OF VIRTUAL REALITY TECHNOLOGIES
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Safin Oleksandr , Mas Natalia ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: August 2024

Background. Virtual reality technologies can be used to optimize many mental states and develop mental resources. Virtual reality technologies work with the imaginative sphere, recreating images around the subject that are close to those of real people and objects. Methods of psychological correction that work with the imagery are traditionally used to help people relax and relieve stress. Methods. The DAS questionnaire (Differential assessment of states of reduced performance "fatigue-monotony-satiety-stress") (A. Leonova, S. Velichkovska), the Scale for assessing the level of reactive and personal anxiety (C. Spielberg, Y. Khanin), the Assessment of mental activation, interest, emotional tone, tension and comfort (L. Kurgansky and L. Kumiansky), the Questionnaire for assessing acute physical fatigue (A. Leonova), the Assessment of acute mental fatigue (A. Leonova, S. Velichkovska). Kurgansky and L. Kumiansky), Questionnaire for Assessment of Acute Physical Fatigue (A. Leonova), Questionnaire for Assessment of Acute Mental Fatigue (A. Leonova, N. Savicheva), Akiyoshi Kitaoka Optical Illusion Test (a technique aimed at measuring situational fatigue syndrome). Results. The main methods of correction of mental states with the help of virtual technologies are highlighted. The use of virtual reality technologies in the educational sphere is analyzed. It is shown that during the education day, cadets accumulate negative emotional states in the process of classes: fatigue, tension, situational fatigue, monotony. Conclusions. The use of virtual reality technology to immerse a cadet in a virtual space allows you to restore mental resources and delay the development of negative states. For the development of mental resources, the correct selection of virtual realities is of great importance. Thus, watching relaxation-type virtual reality stories leads to a decrease in the level of fatigue, and dynamically stimulating type with the effect of presence leads to a decrease in the level of situational fatigue.
Mide İçi Botulinum Toksini Enjeksiyonunun Obezite Tedavisindeki Başarısında Helicobacter pylori Pozitifliği Bir Faktör müdür?
Authors: Hamamcı Mevlüt , Kenarlı Kerem , Köseoğlu Hasan Tankut , Akbay Ahmet , Erdoğan Çağdaş , Macif Alper , Göktaş Meryem Didem , Kalkan Çağdaş , Sarıaltın Fırathan , Yüksel Mahmut
Published: August 2024

Giriş ve Amaç: Obezite dünya çapında giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. Son yıllarda obezite tedavisinde pek çok gelişme yaşansa da endoskopik tedavi yöntemleri, davranışsal tedavilere göre yan etkilerinin düşük olması ve başarı oranının daha yüksek olması nedeniyle önemli bir yere sahiptir. İntragastrik Botulinum toksin enjeksiyonu ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalarda kafa karıştırıcı sonuçlar olmasına rağmen bunun sebebi hala açıklığa kavuşturulamamıştır. Bu çalışmadaki amacımız Helicobacter pylori enfeksiyonunun intragastrik Botulinum toksin enjeksiyon tedavisi başarısı üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: On sekiz ile 65 yaşları arasında, vücut kitle indeksi 25 kg/m2'nin üzerinde ve en az bir obezite ile ilişkili komplikasyonu olan veya komplikasyon olmadan vücut kitle indeksi 30 kg/m2'den fazla olan 80 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Helicobacter pylori değerlendirmesi için intragastrik Botulinum toksini uygulaması esnasında mide antrumundan biyopsiler alındı ve hastalar Helicobacter pylori pozitifliği veya negatifliğine göre iki gruba ayrıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmamızda her iki grupta da başlangıç kilolarına göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı azalma görüldü (p < 0.001). Ancak mide mukozasında Helicobacter pylori varlığı veya yoğunluğunun kilo kaybı üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisi yoktu. Sonuç: İntragastrik Botulinum toksini uygulamasında çelişkili sonuçlara neden olabilecek durumlardan biri olan Helicobacter pylori enfeksiyonunun kilo kaybına etkisinin olmadığı gösterilmiştir.
PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN TES KETERAMPILAN GERAK DASAR LOKOMOTOR DAN MANIPULATIF UNTUK SISWA KELAS 3 SD
Authors: Putro Bagus Cahyono , Winarno Mashuri Eko , Hariyanto Eko
Published: August 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengembangkan instrumen keterampilan gerak lokomotor dan manipulatif dari beberapa item gerak dasar. Metode penelitian menggunakan Measurement Assessment in Teaching (MAT). Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan tes. Adapun analisis yang digunakan yaitu korelasi product moment. Hasil penelitian berupa instrumen keterampilan gerak lokomotor dan manipulatif. Hasil analisis justifikasi ahli diperoleh validitas 1,00 (sangat tinggi). Sedangkan, validitas empiris berdasarkan perbandingan hasil korelasi product moment menghasilkan tingkat validitas "Excellent" yang meliputi lari (0,82), long-jump (0.90), melempar (0,89), menangkap (0,92), menggiring (0,95), dan menendang (0,97). Validitas "High" meliputi kelincahan (0,78) dan leaping-jump (0,77). Validitas "Average" keseimbangan dinamis (0,51). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa produk pengembangan ini berupa instrumen tes keterampilan lokomotor dan manipulatif meliputi: 1) Tes lari 30 meter, 2) Tes kelincahan, 3) Tes long-jump, 4) Tes leaping-jump, 5) Tes melempar, 6) Tes menangkap, 7) Tes menggiring, 8) Tes menendang dapat diterapkan guna mengukur FMS anak usia sekolah dasar kelas 3.
SURVEI STATUS GROSS MOTOR SKILL PADA SISWA KELAS RENDAH DI SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI SE KECAMATAN PUJON KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Kurniawan Faisal Harifko , Wiguno Lokananta Teguh Hari , Darmawan Arief
Published: August 2024

This research aims to examine and understand the level of gross motor skills in students in the lower classes of A-accredited public elementary schools in Pujon District, Malang Regency. The method applied in this study is a quantitative descriptive survey method. Samples were taken by applying the proportionate stratified random sampling technique. Then to measure gross motor skills using the TGMD 3 instrument. The gross motor skills of students in grades 1, 2 and 3 with the highest percentage were 73.86% and with a total of 113 students reaching the average category. So it can be concluded that the level of gross motor skills of low class students in A-accredited public elementary schools in Pujon District, Malang Regency is included in the average group.
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN LONCAT KANGKANG MELALUI PERMAINAN SISWA KELAS 4 SD NEGERI KIDAL KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Saputra Lulut Gilang , Tushawandi Tushawandi
Published: August 2024

Objective: This research aims to improve straddle jumping agility gymnastics skills through games. Method: The research design is action research which was carried out in two cycles consisting of planning, implementation, observation and reflection in each cycle, the number of research subjects was 32 class IV students at SD Negeri Kidal, Malang Regency. Data collection techniques include observation and field notes. The data analysis technique in this research uses quantitative analysis techniques in the form of numbers and percentages. Results: In cycle I, the average score obtained by students after performing the straddle jump movement was 74,85 with a completion percentage of 56.25%, in cycle II there was an increase with the average score obtained by students of 81,55 with a learning completion percentage of 81.25%.  So that the application of the game can improve the straddle jumping agility gymnastics skills of fourth grade students at SD Negeri Kidal, Malang Regency.
Muslim Gen Z Investment Decision: An Analysis Using Social Media Factors
Authors: Ningtyas Mega Noerman , Fikriah Nur Laili , Pradana Ayub Wijayati Sapta
Published: August 2024

Seventy-one point five million (71,5 million or 26,4 percent) people in Indonesia are classified as Gen Z. Indonesia is the largest Muslim-majority country, with a significant portion of its population belonging to Gen Z. It is our concern to explore the potential of Muslim Gen Z. Furthermore, in the digital era, Muslim Gen Z’s investment decisions are increasingly influenced by social media where they can easily get various information. This study analyzes both the direct and indirect effects of social media, digital financial literacy, and investment decisions. We used a quantitative approach. Data were collected from 175 Gen Z investors through an online questionnaire and analyzed using path analysis with SEM-PLS. Our findings reveal that social media enhances digital financial literacy, which in turn positively affects investment decisions. Also, digital financial literacy enhances investment decisions among Muslim Gen Z. These results suggest that while social media can be a valuable resource for improving financial literacy, the reliability and depth of information from online communities may be insufficient for making informed investment decisions. Our study provides insights for investors to develop effective strategies and for policymakers to enhance financial education initiatives.
British Experience of Keeping Prisoners of War in the Era of the Napoleonic Wars (1808—1812)
Authors: Orlov Aleksander
Published: August 2024

The 200th anniversary of the Napoleonic Wars and the Patriotic War of 1812 contributed to the publication of a large number of studies on French prisoners of war in Russia. There are separate works about Russian prisoners in France. British and American historians have written extensively about the French captured by the British. But Russian prisoners of war who ended up in England during the break in relations between the two countries and the Anglo-Russian war of 1807—1812 have not yet been discussed in detail in the domestic scientific literature. Nevertheless, the topic seems to be important for the history of Russia and Great Britain, and it can be studied on the basis of the analysis of unpublished documents from the Archive of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire (AVPRI).
Digital Society as a Factor of Modern Development of Legal Regulation of State Environmental Management
Authors: Zaslavskaya Nadejda
Published: August 2024

Scientists, differing both in the name of modern society, the stage of its development (post-industrial, informational, programmed, digital, etc.), and in determining the place of this stage in the evolutionary process (an independent stage: agrarian, industrial — post-industrial — digital, or part of the post-industrial period), are largely united in describing its characteristic features. Most of them believe that in the foreseeable future, digitalization will become a central notion in modeling social reality, the vast majority of processes in which will take place in digital form. The legal regulation of many public relations in such a society will differ from the regulation of the “pre-digital” period. Environmental legal relations in this list are highlighted by the fact that, on the one hand, digital transformations will change the order of implementation of most functions (areas of activity) of state environmental management, will increase its effectiveness, and, on the other hand, since digital technologies pose a threat of negative impact on the environment, environmental law is faced with a unique (not typical for other branches) task of developing legal measures to protect the environment from the use of such technologies.
Loyalty and Xenophobia. Political Advice by Yuri Krizhanich
Authors: Yusim Mark
Published: August 2024

Yuri Krizhanich, a Catholic priest and proponent of the idea of “all-Slavism”, wrote his major works while in Tobolsk, a Siberian exile where he spent about 15 years. In his now widely known treatise “Razgowory ob wladatelystwu” (“Conversations on Government”, in the Russian edition “Politics”), he gives recommendations to the tsars of all Rus' about the best mode of ruling, discusses methods of building relations between the monarch and his subjects, comparing the present condition of the Russian state with the political practice and history of European countries. Along with various pieces of advice concerning the economy, trade, military affairs, public education, etc. Krizhanich essentially puts forward the idea of a mono-ethnic society, access to which for foreigners is extremely limited. The opposition to “czužebesie” (foreignness) — the term by which the author of the treatise denotes imitation of and dependence on foreigners — is, at the same time with the concern for the security of the country and the well-being of subjects, a guarantee of prosperity and a great future for the Orthodox state. Although the Croatian scholar's work is quite orthodox in terms of the Catholic faith, its main provisions are based on the experience of enlightened Europe in the second half of the 17th century and on the principle of mono-nationality.
Mutual Perception of Russia and the United States through the Prism of Strategic Foreign Policy Documents (1991—2023)
Authors: Borovsky Yury
Published: August 2024

The article considers the mutual perception of Russia and the United States in the core foreign policy documents published in the period from 1991 to 2023. Attempts to explore the mutual perception of the two countries through the prism of official foreign policy documents and, moreover, over a long period of time, allowing to see evolutionary changes, have not yet been made. In the course of the study, the author came to the following main conclusions. Since 1991, Russia and the United States have maintained a consistently high interest in each other, but their mutual perception, expressed on a doctrinal level, is developing in a progressively negative way. From 1991 to 2023, the image of the United States has radically changed in the eyes of Russia — from a priority partner and potential ally to a country that represents the main threat; from the world’s leading democracy to a global hegemon and a neocolonial power; from the indisputable world leader to one of the sovereign centres of global development. Since 1991, the United States has also fundamentally changed its perception of Russia — from a new democracy to an autocracy; from a valuable partner to an existential threat, an extremely dangerous country and a revisionist power; from a weak, struggling state to a key center of influence in the world. The Ukrainian crisis that broke out in 2014 has became a really turning point in terms of the parties’ transition to an explicitly negative mutual perception within their foreign policy documents.  The onset of Russia’s Special Military Operation in Ukraine in 2022 has only reinforced this trend. Given the growing antagonism in the mutual perception of the two countries, one can expect either a further escalation of tension in their relations, fraught with a direct clash, or a detente. As foreign policy documents show, each of the parties does not reject mutual cooperation and normalization of relations, but fundamentally conditions them, expecting certain actions from the other side.
The Church of England in the 16th and 17th Centuries: Liturgy, Identity, Loyalty
Authors: Fadeyev Ivan
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this article is to examine Tudor and early Stuart religious policy through the lens of liturgical reforms and to demonstrate the role of liturgy as an instrument of confessional identity and thus of political-religious allegiance in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century reformation England. The source base of the study comprises the liturgical texts from the 1549, 1552, and 1559 editions of the Book of Common Prayer, as well as theological and polemical treatises of the time. The author concludes that the liturgy was a central tool in the process of confessional identification, being at the same time the clearest indicator of the content of the political-religious programme pursued by the English monarchs during the period in question. He notes the characteristic tendency of each programme to maintain a varying degree of continuity with the one that preceded it. The author demonstrates how by the time of the Interregnum a specific “Anglican” identity-loyalty was taking shape, where the three main elements were loyalty to the Book of Common Prayer, the Crown and the Episcopal polity. The trials of the Cromwellian persecution era showed its resilience, which was an important element in the Restoration process in 1662.
“Turkestan Native Newspaper” as a Tool for Promoting the Cotton Policy of the Russian Empire in Turkestan
Authors: Kotyukova Tatiana
Published: August 2024

Russia has always been a unique meeting place between West and East. One of the places where this meeting of civilizations and cultures can be witnessed in its classical form was Russian Turkestan. The interest was mutual and the learning process was almost synchronous. Periodicals were an important part of the process of establishing intercultural communications. However, the Muslims of Turkestan experienced a serious lack of information in accessible language and in an understandable form: about the Russian Empire itself, into which they were trying to integrate them; about neighboring countries, about the countries of the East, Europe, America; about the achievements of world science and technology; on the development of agriculture and agronomic science. The latter was especially important, since from the late 1870s. Both central and regional authorities began to pay special attention to the development of cotton growing, trying to solve the problem of dependence of the Russian textile industry and the economy as a whole on cotton imports. In the 1880s, under Governor-General N. O. Rosenbach, the Turkestan Native Newspaper became a tool to promote the just-beginning imperial modernization economic project in Turkestan, in which cotton was given a central place.
Cotton Policy of Tsarist Russia in the Lower Reaches of Amudarya (Late 19th — Early 20th Century)
Authors: Djumashev Askar
Published: August 2024

This article covers the issues of cotton sowing in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya, which began to expand significantly in the late 19th century, not due to the general growth of irrigated lands, but as a result of the reduction and displacement of food crops; on the basis of numerous archival and other historical materials it is noted that cotton, leaving the hands of dekhkans, concentrated in the hands of buyers and before export from the oasis was already a subject of wholesale trade, collected in large folds, the owners of which were mainly Russians.
Scientific Meeting on Baltic History
Authors: Nazarova Evgenia
Published: August 2024

On the April 12, 2024, collaborators of the Institute of World History (Russian Academy of Sciences) organized the presentation of the 11th issue of the serial publication “Russia and the Baltics” and a Round Table on the problems of history and historiography of the Baltics. The meeting was held in the hall of the Historical Library in Moscow. The meeting was addressed by Director of the Historical Library M. D. Afanasyev, Acad. A. O. Chubaryan, Director of the Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences M. A. Lipkin, by the Head of the Center for the History of Northern Europe and the Baltic States of IWH PhD. A. A. Komarov, director of the publishing house “Ves’ Mir” PhD. O. A. Zimarin, editor-compiler of the series “Russia and Baltia” PhD. E. L. Nazarova. They talked about the multi-year cooperation between the Library and the Institute, about the importance of studding on the history of the Baltic countries in our country, and specifically of the series “Russia and Baltia”. The content of the 11th issue was also presented. The topic of the issue — “Problems of the history of the twentieth century” was developed on the materials of the 21st century in the lectures at the Round Table. The lectures were made by Dr. Yu. L. Mikhailova (on the citizenship rights of the Russians in the first Latvian Republic), Dr. M. E. Megem (on the perception of German cultural heritage in the Kaliningrad region), the Belarussian historian T. V. Buevich (on joint Belarusian-Latvian publications on the history of the Latvians), Dr. V. A. Olenchenko (on the assessment of relations between Ukraine and the Baltic States in the 21st century in Poland), Dr. E. L. Nazarova (on the studies of Baltic history in Romania). The discussion of the lectures proved the actuality of the discussed problems both for the history of Russia and in the international context.
Between an Oath Fealty and Treaty: “Loyalty” (Getruwe) Establishment in Order Prussia in the Mid-15th Century
Authors: Kotov Anton
Published: August 2024

The article examinises cases of the lemma trew* usage referring to the concept of “loyalty (Getruwe)” to determine its meaning beyond the oath in the context of political conflict. The cases are determinited in the published materials of recesses of Estate assemblies and correspondence in Order Prussia 1440—1466 (111 sources). The analysis shows the existence of three lines of communication on the “loyalty” issue: the Grand Master — representatives of the estates, the Grand Master — the officials of the Order, the Estates within. The considered cases allow us to draw a conclusion about the correaltion between loyalty and power — naming someone as “loyal” is an expression and demostration of power and authority. Loyalty establishment cannot be one-time action and requires constant confirmation through communicative procedures.
French Provinces “Considered Foreign”: Obstacles to Free Trade or Limits of Loyalty?
Authors: Pimenova Ludmila
Published: August 2024

The article discusses the features of the tax regime in France of the Old Order and the attitudes of contemporaries towards them. Provinces and pays, that were part of the French monarchy, differed in their legal status and paid taxes differently. In the 18th century the designation of three categories of provinces came into use. Along with the “space” of the kingdom, or the zone of “five large farms”, more than half of the country’s territory covered “provinces considered foreign” and “provinces really similar to foreign ones”. Differences in the tax regime, persisted until the beginning of the revolution, were established according to the tariff of 1664 prepared by J.-B. Colbert. Within the “five large farms” zone, inland customs were abolished. In the “provinces considered foreign”, to which the customs tariff of 1664 did not apply, the former customs on their borders were preserved. Residents of the “provinces really similar to foreign ones”, later incorporated into the French kingdom, could trade duty-free with foreign countries, but were required to pay duties when trading with other provinces of France. The absence of customs inside the zone of “five large farms” was a compensation to the “old” provinces of the kingdom for the high taxes paid by their inhabitants. In contrast, the provinces that later came under the rule of the French king enjoyed tax privileges. From this point of view, the division of provinces into categories was seen as a manifestation of the king’s concern for the welfare of his subjects. But differences in the tax status or the territories rules by the French king provoked criticism from many contemporaries. Most often they were considered an obstacle to the free development of trade and entrepreneurship. In historiography, the problem of the existence of internal customs is also interpreted as predominantly economic. However, some contemporaries believed that the provinces, “foreign” in relation to the custom regime, were not only isolated economically, but also politically alien, that is, disloyal to the king of France. The development of the very concept of loyalty at this time was not jet completed. Some considered it obsolete, but, in fact, in the discourse of the 18th century the concepts of legality and fidelity corresponded to it. In the 18th century in France, administrative and tax reforms were undertaken, aimed at uniting the country’s territory and unifying the status of its inhabitants. But such attempts always affected local privileges and met with resistance from the provincial estates and parlements. It was possible to liquidate internal customs only after radical transformation of local administration and territorial division, carried out at the end of 1789.
The Princely Power Between Regional and Super-Regional Identities According to the Life of Mikhail of Tver’ (Early 14th Century)
Authors: Stefanovich Peter
Published: August 2024

The article analyzes the Life of Mikhail of Tver’ — a work written around 1320 in the Tver’ land, which glorified the martyrdom of the prince executed in the Horde. The author asks the question, the ruler or leader of which community prince Mikhail acted in the Life. As he shows, the hagiographer indicated several such communities. The prince acted as the hereditary ruler of the Tver’ land and the “tsar” of the Rus’ian land, by which the Great Princedom of Vladimir was meant. It was also very important to present the prince as a protector of (potentially all) Christians. According to the author, the different statuses and functions of the prince reflected the multiple identities of the Russian population, which the hagiographer conveyed in the Life.
The Sanctions Regime and Rendering Legal Assistance in Taking of Evidence
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Civil Procedure of the Ural State Law University, Soltys Alexandra A
Published: August 2024

Using an example of the judicial practice of commercial courts, the article examines the issue of providing international judicial assistance in the form of the execution of a letter of request in connection with a dispute under consideration in another state involving a sanctioned party. The replacement of the grounds for refusal to execute a letter of request transmitted by a foreign court is analyzed. The conclusion is made that, even taking into account the importance of the taking evidence from other countries, the judicial assistance mechanism is not effective and sanctions regimes complicate its implementation. This, in turn, gives rise to speculation about the potential development of other methods of the taking evidence.
Foreign Court Order as an Enforcement Object in the Territory of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Procedure of the Ural State Law University, Ivanova Ekaterina A
Published: August 2024

State Law University named after V.F. Yakovlev, PhD (Law) In this article, the issue of recognition and compulsory enforcement of foreign court orders will be considered based upon the example of the Russian general jurisdiction court practice in relation to foreign court orders. This practice is complicated by the systemic interpretation by the law enforcer of a court order as an act that does not consider the dispute on the merits that makes it impossible to enforce it on the territory of the Russian Federation.
Digitalization of the Implementation of the Competence of Municipal Structures: Opportunities and Risks
Authors:   Leading Research Scientist of the Centre for Public Law Research of the Institute of Legislation, Nanba Saria B.
Published: August 2024

The article examines the problems and prospects of legal regulation for the digitalization of the implementation of the competence of municipal structures. The author highlights the gap between the integration of digital technologies in public administration and the development and testing of specific legal mechanisms that guarantee the effectiveness of the new digital format of operation of public law entities. The analysis of federal, regional, and municipal laws revealed inconsistency and controversies in the implemented legal solutions, as well as a lack of their systematization and preliminary elaboration. The elimination of this shortcoming may be considered as a priority area for the improvement of Russian law.
Modeling radial growth of Amylomyces rouxii and its tolerance to selected pharmaceutical active compounds
Authors: León-Santiesteban Hugo , Severo Estefanía Paola , Tomasini Araceli
Published: August 2024

Filamentous fungi that tolerate the presence of pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) have the potential application of removing them. In this work it was showed that radial growth data can be modeled and used to determine the kinetic parameters to quantify fungal growth in the presence of PhACs. The capacity of Amylomyces rouxii to grow in the presence of 12 PhACs at concentrations between 100 to 5000 µg L-1 was evaluated. The studied PhCAS were paracetamol, ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, carbamazepine, β-estradiol, triclosan, and bisphenol-A. The data of A. rouxii radial growth was modeled using the logistic equation and linear regression. The Vmax, except in cultures with βETD, and µmax values were not affected by the presence of PhACs. Growth inhibition of fungus was calculated at 24 hours. In cultures with diclofenac, triclosan and naproxen, a linear relationship was observed between concentration and radial growth inhibition. However, there was no difference in radial growth inhibition at the different assayed concentrations of ibuprofen, trimethoprim, and β-estradiol. In culture with 5000 µg carbamazepine L-1, growth of A. rouxii was completely inhibited. To the best of our knowledge, this is one the first work reporting PhACs toxicity in zygomycetes.
Tourism Governance and Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships in Protected Areas: A Scoping Review
Authors: Sarhan Mahmoud , Pernecky Tomas , Lueck Michael , Orams Mark
Published: August 2024

As the number of visitors to protected areas increases and their objectives become more complex, governing and managing protected area tourism is becoming increasingly challenging. Recent literature reflects a growing trend toward stakeholder involvement, including the private sector, NGOs, and local communities, in managing protected area tourism through co-governance arrangements and multi-stakeholder partnerships. However, research in this area is still relatively new, resulting in a lack of theoretical and conceptual foundations regarding this crucial aspect of park and recreation administration. To address this gap, a scoping literature review was conducted to assess current governance practices and their effectiveness in protected area tourism. The review of published studies focused on two primary categories: 1) constructing and operating multi-stakeholder tourism partnerships and 2) evaluating governance and multi-stakeholder tourism partnerships. The paper emphasizes the significance of partnerships in protected area tourism, outlining the conditions and criteria necessary for their success and sustainability, thereby addressing a gap in existing literature. It introduces two frameworks: one aimed at shedding light on the creation and management of partnerships in protected areas, and the other focused on evaluating partnerships. These proposed frameworks offer interpretations of the study's findings, illustrate how the research advances understanding in this field, and lay the groundwork for further theoretical and empirical exploration. They may assist park managers and planners in enhancing the tourism management and governance process by providing systematic guidance for establishing and assessing partnership models in protected areas.
利用生物电阻抗分析估计拉合尔老年人肌肉减少症的患病率
Authors: Nayyab Rahat  , Shahbaz Hafiz Shabaz , Amin Naser Olaimat  , Zahra Khan  , Muhammad Asif Ali  , Abdul Rehman
Published: August 2024

肌肉减少症是指随着年龄的增长，肌肉质量和力量（或两者）以及生理功能的丧失。及早发现肌肉无力可以更好地护理和干预老年人的饮食习惯和蛋白质摄入量。本研究的目的是调查巴基斯坦人群中肌肉减少症的患病率，并将饮食习惯和生活方式与肌肉减少症的患病率联系起来。使用的样本量为150名60岁及以上的男性和女性。心血管疾病和肾功能衰竭患者被排除在外。研究领域是拉合尔社区。使用握力测力计计算肌肉力量，并使用计步器计算步态速度。筛查后，使用生物电阻抗分析（bioelectrical impedance analysis，BIA）计算肌肉质量，由此诊断肌肉减少症。在60–65岁年龄组中，123人（82%）的肌肉力量较低，93人（83%）的肌肉质量较低。在66–70岁年龄组中，15人（83.3%）肌力较低。在71–75岁年龄组中，9人（90%）肌力较低。76岁以上年龄组的低肌力百分比为100%。60岁及以上人群中，重度肌少症的比例为6%，中度肌少症的比例约为10%。男性肌少症患病率为21.53%，女性肌少症患病率为11.76%。肌肉减少症是老年人中一个新出现的健康问题，早期发现和生活方式改变将带来更好的健康结果，并将饮食习惯和生活方式与肌肉减少症的患病率联系起来。
Serum concentrations of chromogranin A, serotonin and natriuretic peptide are decreased in patients with neuroendocrine tumors with overweight and obesity compared to healthy donors
Authors: Timofeev Yuriy S. , Lyubimova Nina V. , Drapkina Oksana M.
Published: August 2024

Background: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a group of neoplasms, in which circulating biomarkers chromogranin A (CgA), serotonin, and N-terminal brain natriuretic pro-peptide (NT-proBNP), used as a marker of carcinoid heart disease, are especially important in the diagnosis and monitoring. A number of pre-analytical factors, including patients' body mass index (BMI), have an impact on NETs biomarker concentrations.
Aim: To perform a comparative analysis of serum concentrations of CgA, serotonin and NT-proBNP in patients with NETs of various locations with normal body weight and with overweight or obesity.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 94 patients with NETs of various locations and 78 provisionally healthy individuals without cancer and cardiovascular disorders, matched by gender and age to the patients. Serum biochemical markers were measured before a course of chemotherapy/biotherapy or surgery with the use of standardized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays Chromogranin A NEOELISA (Eurodiagnostica), Serotonin ELISA (IBL), and the electrochemiluminescent assay (Cobas e601 analyzer, Roche). All NETs patients were divided into 2 subgroups: 46 patients with normal bodyweight (BMI 18 to 24.9) and 48 patients with overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25).
Results: The median BMI in the NET patients did not vary depending on their tumor extension, functional activity and malignancy grade. The median concentrations of CgA (150 ng/ml), serotonin (188 ng/ml) and NT-proBNP (117 pg/ml) in the NET patients with obesity and overweight were significantly lower (p = 0.008, p = 0.005 and p = 0.012, respectively) than in the NET patients with normal body weight (769 ng/ml, 704 ng/ml and 197 pg/ml, respectively). In the control group, significantly (p = 0.0001) lower levels in the subgroup with BMI ≥ 25 were obtained only for serotonin. The ROC analysis showed a decrease of the diagnostic efficiency of NET biomarkers in obesity: in the normal BMI group AUC (CgA) was 0.87 and AUC (serotonin) 0.78, whereas in those with BMI ≥ 25, the AUC (CgA) and AUC (serotonin) were 0.81 and 0.62, respectively.
Conclusion: Obesity may make it difficult to identify biochemical markers of NETs – CgA, serotonin and NT-proBNP.
IMPLEMENTATION OF SCHOOL CULTURE TO STRENGTHEN STUDENT CHARACTER AT MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH KHADIJAH IN MALANG CITY
Authors: Maulidin Ahmad , Mesgiyanto Chairul Bahri , Suhartono Suhartono
Published: August 2024

This study aims to describe the implementation of school culture to strengthen the character of students at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Khadijah in Malang City, the inhibiting factors, and the efforts made. The method used in this research is qualitative research. Data collection was carried out using observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman model analysis technique. In this study, the research subjects were the principal, teachers, and students at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Khadijah in Malang City. The results of the study indicate that religious character is implemented through regular and spontaneous practices, such as performing Dhuha prayers every day, reciting prayers before and after studying, practicing ablution, memorizing short surahs, and daily prayers. The character of independence is implemented through regular, spontaneous habits, and role modeling. The character of discipline is implemented through regular, spontaneous habits, and role modeling. The obstacles encountered include parents who have personal busy schedules, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, and an unsupportive environment. The solutions provided are to conduct socialization with parents and emphasize the importance of character education applied at home as well as building a special closeness with students