bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stimulation Devices for Human Haptic Perception and Their Applications in Cranial Nerve Diseases
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhang Liancun , Wu Jinglong
Published: October 2016

Tactile perception is a class of complicated sensations that can be divided into categories including concrete pressure, shape, and temperature perception. In different parts of the human body, the distribution of tactile sensitivity clearly differs. Various stimulatory devices are becoming increasingly widely used in studies of human haptic perception. New methods and devices that can be used to explore tactile stimulation are also being developed and have yielded many important results. This paper introduces such tactile stimulation devices, which can be divided into many categories according to qualities, including their geometric properties, temperature, force, and vibration. This article also introduces some devices that can be used to guide clinical diagnosis and treatment. These devices can be used to examine a patient's haptic perception to help the patient's doctors diagnose their illness.
Cognitive and Neural Mechanisms Involved in Interactions between Touch and Emotion
Authors: Zhang Zhilin , Yan Tianyi , Huang Qiang , Wu Jinglong
Published: October 2016

Touch has been described as the most fundamental means of contact with the world and the most primitive modality among all sensory systems. In the past, the study of emotional communication has focused almost exclusively on facial and vocal channels but has ignored the channel for the sense of touch. However, the latest studies have documented that the sense of touch can convey at least six emotions, and its accuracy rate is comparable to that of facial expressions and vocal communication. Moreover, there is also mounting evidence indicating that the modality of touch encompasses two dimensions, which provide not only its well-recognized discriminative input from glabrous skin to sensory cortex but also an affective input from hairy skin to the insular cortex because a type of low-threshold mechanosensitive receptor that innervates hairy skin has been shown to convey emotions via C fibers. In light of recent advances in our research, this chapter aims to illustrate the cognitive and neural mechanisms that underlie interactions between touch and emotion.
Automated System for Crops Recognition and Classification
Authors: AlShahrani Alaa M. , Al-Abadi Manal A. , Al-Malki Areej S. , Ashour Amira S. , Dey Nilanjan
Published: October 2016

Marketing profit optimization and preventing the crops' infections are a critical issue. This requires crops recognition and classification based on their characteristics and different features. The current work proposed a recognition/classification system that applied to differentiate between fresh (healthy) from rotten crops as well as to identify each crop from the other based on their common feature vectors. Consequently, image processing is employed to perform the statistical measurements of each crop. ImageJ software was employed to analyze the desired crops to extract their features. These extracted features are used for further crops recognition and classification using the Least Mean Square Error (LMSE) algorithm in Matlab. Another classification method based on Bag of Features (BoF) technique is employed to classify crops into classes, namely healthy and rotten. The experimental results are applied of databases for orange, mango, tomato and potatoes. The achieved recognition (classification) rate by using the LMSE for all datasets (healthy and rotten) has 100%. However, after adding 10%, 20%, and 30% Gaussian noise, the obtained the average recognition rates were 85%, 70%, and 25%; respectively. Moreover, the classification (healthy and rotten) using BoF achieved accuracies of 100%, 88%, 94%, and 75% for potatoes, mango, orange, and tomato; respectively. Furthermore, the classification for all the healthy datasets achieved accuracy of 88%.
Professionalism among Jamaican Educators
Authors: Hill-Berry Nola
Published: October 2016

The issue of professionalism among Jamaican educators has occupied a significant portion of much discourse. In this chapter, the author discusses a small-scale study that sought to answer two main questions: What are the perspectives of the Jamaican teachers regarding professionalism and are Jamaican teachers professional? The aim of which was to generate information that the relevant technocrats within the education sector can use to inform decision making. Through convenience sampling, a cross-sectional survey was done to solicit responses across a select college and two high schools. Participants responded to these questions through a specifically designed questionnaire. The question of whether Jamaican teachers are professional was still unanswered. However, more efforts should be expended to ensure that teachers uphold professional standards, become acquainted with their code of ethics and improve the levels of compliance with these professional codes and standards. In the meantime, educators should be encouraged to continuously seek and engage in professional development activities to augment their personal and professional growth; as well as the growth and development of others. This chapter discusses professionalism among Jamaican educators and highlights the professional principles and code of conduct, daily practices of Jamaican educators, and their perspectives on teacher professional development, and wider stakeholder impact. The author challenges educational leaders to mobilize educators to attain higher levels of excellence and professionalize teaching by ensuring conformity with established standards and code of conduct.
Prevalence Estimates of Behavior Problems in Primary Schools in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Carrington-Blaides Elna , Seunarine Ramoutar Amanda
Published: October 2016

There is tremendous concern about the behavior of students in schools today, to the extent that teachers have become extremely concerned about the loss of teaching time and have developed general frustration with behavior management in and outside the classroom (Trinidad Express, 2014). Therefore, the need to put the spotlight on problem behaviors by way of initial inquiry has arisen. This chapter presents a quantitative investigation of behavior problems in primary schools in Trinidad and Tobago. After eight weeks of in-service training, the following three areas of problem behaviors were examined by a group of 14 teacher-researchers: 1) conduct problems; 2) attention deficit hyperactivity syndrome; and 3) under-activity syndrome. Data were collected and initially analyzed across the eight school districts in Trinidad and Tobago, using the ASCA-H Behavioral Rating Scales for Elementary Schools. The findings indicate significant behavior problems at every level and in every district of the school system, with notable differential by gender. There was less variability in class level and educational district. Recommendations for policy and future research point primarily to a need to channel urgently, critical resources into further inquiry and implement interventions guided by evidence-based strategies.
School Culture, Effectiveness and Low SES in Trinidad
Authors: Lee-Piggott Rinnelle
Published: October 2016

This chapter presents a cultural diagnosis of three schools of differing effectiveness states – ‘excelling', ‘mostly effective' and ‘under academic watch' within Trinidad, which face socio-economic challenges. It utilizes a multi-method, multiple case study approach and presents an adapted conceptualization of school culture, which is used as an analytical framework to diagnose the professional orientation of teachers within the cultures of the participating schools. Findings reveal that teachers' professional orientation, particularly their dispositions and psychological states, are critically important to many aspects of schooling, including students' orientations and their academic performance and achievement.
Up a Creek without a Paddle
Authors: Phillip Sharon , Jameson-Charles Madgerie , Cain Margaret
Published: October 2016

“Up a creek without a paddle” explains teachers' views of the new one-to-one laptop initiative implemented by the Ministries of Education in Trinidad and Tobago and Saint Lucia. These new initiatives required teachers to change their pedagogy and to negotiate the digital divide that existed between themselves and their students. This study uses the phenomenological research methodology to examine the experiences of teachers in Trinidad and Tobago and in Saint Lucia in implementing one-to-one laptop initiatives. Six secondary school teachers, three from Trinidad and Tobago and three from Saint Lucia, were interviewed to explore the barriers or fences they had to negotiate in the implementation of the one-to-one laptop initiatives. Findings reveal that while some teachers have the competence to integrate ICT in the classroom, others, mainly digital immigrants, lack basic technological skills and/or the required pedagogical skills to engage their students, the digital natives. Discussion and recommendations focus on assisting teachers to obtain the paddle to navigate the creek by building on existing theoretical frameworks that support the use of technology to enhance learning and prepare students for the global economy.
Blood Stem Cell Activity Is Arrested by Th1-Mediated Injury Preventing Engraftment following Nonmyeloablative Conditioning
Authors: Müller Antonia M. S. , Florek Mareike , Kohrt Holbrook E. K. , Küpper Natascha J. , Filatenkov Alexander , Linderman Jessica A. , Hadeiba Husein , Negrin Robert S. , Shizuru Judith A.
Published: October 2016

T cells are widely used to promote engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) during an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Their role in overcoming barriers to HSC engraftment is thought to be particularly critical when patients receive reduced doses of preparative chemotherapy and/or radiation compared with standard transplantations. In this study, we sought to delineate the effects CD4+ cells on engraftment and blood formation in a model that simulates clinical hematopoietic cell transplantation by transplanting MHC-matched, minor histocompatibility–mismatched grafts composed of purified HSCs, HSCs plus bulk T cells, or HSCs plus T cell subsets into mice conditioned with low-dose irradiation. Grafts containing conventional CD4+ T cells caused marrow inflammation and inhibited HSC engraftment and blood formation. Posttransplantation, the marrows of HSCs plus CD4+ cell recipients contained IL-12–secreting CD11c+ cells and IFN-γ–expressing donor Th1 cells. In this setting, host HSCs arrested at the short-term stem cell stage and remained in the marrow in a quiescent cell cycling state (G0). As a consequence, donor HSCs failed to engraft and hematopoiesis was suppressed. Our data show that Th1 cells included in a hematopoietic allograft can negatively impact HSC activity, blood reconstitution, and engraftment of donor HSCs. This potential negative effect of donor T cells is not considered in clinical transplantation in which bulk T cells are transplanted. Our findings shed new light on the effects of CD4+ T cells on HSC biology and are applicable to other pathogenic states in which immune activation in the bone marrow occurs such as aplastic anemia and certain infectious conditions.
Trojan Horse Antibiotics–A Novel Way to Circumvent Gram-Negative Bacterial Resistance?
Authors: Tillotson Glenn S.
Published: October 2016

Antibiotic resistance has been emerged as a major global health problem. In particular, gram-negative species pose a significant clinical challenge as bacteria develop or acquire more resistance mechanisms. Often, these bacteria possess multiple resistance mechanisms, thus nullifying most of the major classes of drugs. Novel approaches to this issue are urgently required. However, the challenges of developing new agents are immense. Introducing novel agents is fraught with hurdles, thus adapting known antibiotic classes by altering their chemical structure could be a way forward. A chemical addition to existing antibiotics known as a siderophore could be a solution to the gram-negative resistance issue. Siderophore molecules rely on the bacterial innate need for iron ions and thus can utilize a Trojan Horse approach to gain access to the bacterial cell. The current approaches to using this potential method are reviewed.
Computationally and Efficient Inference for Complex Large-scale Data
Authors: Blanchard Gilles , Meinshausen Nicolai , Samworth Richard , Yuan Ming
Published: October 2016

The aim of the highly successful workshop
Computationally and statistically efficient inference for large-scale and heterogeneous data
was to foster dissemination and collaboration between researchers in the area of highdimensional and large-scale data analysis. The field has grown tremendously over the last decade. Faced with ever larger data sets, many algorithms have emerged in computer science, machine learning and statistics that allow computationally efficient manipulation and model fitting on large datasets. Yet the mathematical and statistical properties of these algorithms are only just beginning to be understood. Advancing the field is important to avoid many misleading scientific discoveries based on pure data manipulation without the accompanying mathematical insights. The talks and discussions at the workshop covered the latest advances from optimization to statistical error control for large-scale data analysis.
Mathematical Imaging and Surface Processing
Authors: Chambolle Antonin , Rumpf Martin , Schröder Peter
Published: October 2016

Within the last decade image and geometry processing have become increasingly rigorous with solid foundations in mathematics. Both areas are research fields at the intersection of different mathematical disciplines, ranging from geometry and calculus of variations to PDE analysis and numerical analysis. The workshop brought together scientists from all these areas and a fruitful interplay took place. There was a lively exchange of ideas between geometry and image processing applications areas, characterized in a number of ways in this workshop. For example, optimal transport, first applied in computer vision is now used to define a distance measure between 3d shapes, spectral analysis as a tool in image processing can be applied in surface classification and matching, and so on. We have also seen the use of Riemannian geometry as a powerful tool to improve the analysis of multivalued images.

This volume collects the abstracts for all the presentations covering this wide spectrum of tools and application domains.
Mini-Workshop: Applied Koopmanism
Authors: Henrion Didier , Mezić Igor , Putinar Mihai
Published: October 2016

Koopman and Perron–Frobenius operators are linear operators that encapsulate dynamics of nonlinear dynamical systems
without loss of information
. This is accomplished by embedding the dynamics into a larger infinite-dimensional space where the focus of study is shifted from trajectory curves to measurement functions evaluated along trajectories and densities of trajectories evolving in time. Operator-theoretic approach to dynamics shares many features with an optimization technique: the Lasserre moment–sums-of-squares (SOS) hierarchies, which was developed for numerically solving non-convex optimization problems with semialgebraic data. This technique embeds the optimization problem into a larger primal semidefinite programming (SDP) problem consisting of measure optimization over the set of globally optimal solutions, where measures are manipulated through their truncated moment sequences. The dual SDP problem uses SOS representations to certify bounds on the global optimum. This workshop highlighted the common threads between the operator-theoretic dynamical systems and moment–SOS hierarchies in optimization and explored the future directions where the synergy of the two techniques could yield results in fluid dynamics, control theory, optimization, and spectral theory.
О сходимости блоховских собственных функций в задачах усреднения
Authors: Zhikov Vasilii Vasil'evich , Pastukhova Svetlana Evgenievna
Published: October 2016

Для дифференциальных операторов дивергентного типа с $\varepsilon$-периодическими коэффициентами, $\varepsilon$ - малый параметр, изучается сходимость собственных функций непрерывного спектра. Рассмотрены два случая: случай классического усреднения, когда матрица коэффициентов удовлетворяет равномерному по $\varepsilon$ условию эллиптичности, и случай двухмасштабного усреднения, когда матрица коэффициентов двухфазна и высоко контрастна с коэффициентом контрастности $1 {:} \varepsilon^2$ между жесткой и мягкой фазами.
Формула следов Крейна для унитарных операторов и операторно липшицевы функции
Authors: Aleksandrov Alexei Borisovich , Peller Vladimir Vsevolodovich
Published: October 2016

Основной результат работы состоит в описании класса функций на единичной окружности, для которых справедлива формула следов Крейна для произвольных пар унитарных операторов с ядерной разностью. Этот класс состоит в точности из операторно липшицевых функций на окружности.
Усреднение уравнений типа Шрeдингера
Authors: Suslina Tatiana Aleksandrovna
Published: October 2016

В $L_2({\mathbb R}^d;{\mathbb C}^n)$ рассматривается самосопряженный эллиптический оператор $A_\varepsilon$,
$\varepsilon >0$, порожденный дифференциальным выражением
$b({\mathbf D})^* g({\mathbf x}/\varepsilon)b({\mathbf D})$. Здесь $b({\mathbf D})=\sum_{j=1}^d b_j D_j$
- матричный дифференциальный оператор первого порядка, причем символ $b(\boldsymbol{\xi})$ - матрица максимального ранга.
Матрица-функция $g({\mathbf x})$ ограничена, положительно определена и периодична относительно некоторой решетки.
Изучается операторная экспонента $e^{- i \tau A_\varepsilon}$, где $\tau \in {\mathbb R}$.
Показано, что при $\varepsilon \to 0$ оператор $e^{- i \tau A_\varepsilon}$ сходится к $e^{- i \tau A^0}$ по норме операторов, действующих из
пространства Соболева $H^s({\mathbb R}^d;{\mathbb C}^n)$ (с подходящим $s$) в $L_2({\mathbb R}^d;{\mathbb C}^n)$.
Здесь $A^0$ - эффективный оператор с постоянными коэффициентами.
Получены точные по порядку оценки погрешности. Исследован вопрос о точности результатов в отношении
типа операторной нормы. Аналогичные результаты получены для более общих операторов.
Результаты применяются к вопросу о поведении решения задачи Коши для уравнения типа Шрeдингера
$i \partial_\tau {\mathbf u}_\varepsilon ({\mathbf x}, \tau)= A_\varepsilon {\mathbf u}_\varepsilon({\mathbf x}, \tau)$.
Кратности множеств Максвелла особенностей Фама
Authors: Vassiliev Victor Anatolievich
Published: October 2016

Доказана двусторонняя оценка локальных кратностей множеств Максвелла изолированных особенностей гладких функций. Эта оценка точна для полуоднородных особенностей.
Animal Husbandry Practices and Perceptions of Zoonotic Infectious Disease Risks Among Livestock Keepers in a Rural Parish of Quito, Ecuador
Authors: Lowenstein Christopher , Waters William F. , Roess Amira , Leibler Jessica H. , Graham Jay P.
Published: October 2016

Small-scale livestock production plays an essential role as a source of income and nutrition for households in low- and middle-income countries, yet these practices can also increase risk of zoonotic infectious diseases, especially among young children. To mitigate this risk, there is a need to better understand how livestock producers perceive and manage risks of disease transmission. Twenty semistructured, in-depth interviews were conducted with small-scale livestock producers in a semirural parish of Quito, Ecuador. Interviews explored livestock-raising practices, including animal health-care practices and use of antimicrobials, family members' interactions with livestock and other animals, and perceptions of health risk associated with these practices and activities. Interviews were analyzed for common themes. Awareness of zoonotic disease transmission was widespread, yet few study participants considered raising livestock a significant health risk for themselves or their families. Several study households reported handling and consuming meat or poultry from sick or dead animals and using animal waste as a fertilizer on their crops. Households typically diagnosed and treated their sick animals, occasionally seeking treatment advice from employees of local animal feed stores where medications, including antimicrobials, are available over the counter. Despite a basic understanding of zoonotic disease risk, this study identified several factors, such as the handling and consumption of sick and dead animals and purchasing medications for sick animals over the counter, that potentially increase the risk of zoonotic disease transmission as well as the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance.
Continuous vertical aerosol profiling with a multi-wavelength Raman polarization lidar over the Pearl River Delta, China
Authors: Heese Birgit , Baars Holger , Bohlmann Stephanie , Althausen Dietrich , Deng Ruru
Published: October 2016

Abstract. A dataset of particle optical properties of the highly polluted atmosphere over the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou, China, is presented in this paper. The data were derived from the measurements of a multi-wavelengths Raman and depolarization lidar PollyXT and a co-located AERONET sun photometer. The measurement campaign was conducted from November 2011 to mid June 2012. These are the first Raman lidar measurements in the PRD that were lasting for several months. A mean value of aerosol optical depth observed by the sun photometer of 0.54 ± 0.33 was observed in the polluted atmosphere over this megacity for the whole measurement period. The lidar profiles frequently show lofted aerosol layers which reach up to altitudes of 2 to 3 km and especially in spring season up to even 5 km. These layers contain between 12 and 56 % of the total AOD, with the highest values in spring. The aerosol in these lofted layers were classified by their optical properties. The observed lidar ratio values are in the range from 30 to 80 sr with a mean value of 48.0 sr ± 10.7 sr. The linear particle depolarization ratio at 532 nm lied mostly below 5 % with a mean value of 3.6 ± 3.7. The majority of the Ångström exponents were observed between 1 and 1.5 indicating a coarse mode in addition to the fine mode in the particle size distribution. These results reveal that mainly urban pollution particles mixed with particles arisen from biomass and industrial burning are present in the atmosphere above the Pearl River Delta. Trajectory analyses show that these pollution mixtures arise mainly from local and regional sources.
The life cycle of nocturnal low-level clouds over southern West
Africa analysed using high-resolution simulations
Authors: Adler Bianca , Kalthoff Norbert , Gantner Leonhard
Published: October 2016

Abstract. We performed a high-resolution numerical simulation to study the life cycle of extensive low-level clouds which frequently form over southern West Africa during the monsoon season. This study was made in preparation for a field campaign in 2016 within the Dynamics-aerosol-chemistry-cloud interactions in West Africa (DACCIWA) project and focuses on an area around the city of Save in southern Benin. Nocturnal low-level clouds evolve a few hundred metres above the ground around the same level as a distinct low-level jet. Several processes are found to determine the spatio-temporal evolution of these clouds including (i) significant cooling of the nocturnal atmosphere due to horizontal advection with the south-westerly monsoon flow during the first half of the night, (ii) vertical cold air advection due to gravity waves leading to clouds in the wave crests and (iii) enhanced convergence and upward motion upstream of existing clouds that trigger new clouds. The latter is caused by an upward shift of the low-level jet in cloudy areas leading to horizontal convergence in the lower part and to horizontal divergence in the upper part of the cloud layer. Although this single case study hardly allows for a generalisation of the processes found, the results added to the optimisation of the measurements strategy for the field campaign and the observations will be used to the test the hypotheses for cloud formation resulting from this study.
Atmospheric trace metals measured at a regional background site (Welgegund) in South Africa
Authors: Venter Andrew D. , van Zyl Pieter G. , Beukes Johan P. , Josipovic Micky , Hendriks Johan , Vakkari Ville , Laakso Lauri
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Atmospheric trace metals can cause a variety of health-related and environmental problems. Only a few studies on atmospheric trace metal concentrations have been conducted in South Africa. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine trace metals concentrations in aerosols collected at Welgegund, South Africa. PM1, PM1–2.5 and PM2.5–10 samples were collected for 13 months and 31 atmospheric trace metal species were detected. Atmospheric iron (Fe) had the highest concentrations in all three size fractions, while calcium (Ca) was the second most abundant species. Chromium (Cr) and sodium (Na) concentrations were the third and fourth most abundant species, respectively. The concentrations of the trace metal species in all three size ranges were similar, with the exception of Fe that had higher concentrations in the PM1 size fraction. With the exception of titanium (Ti), aluminium (Al) and manganese (Mg), 70 % or more of the trace metal species detected were in the smaller size fractions, which indicated the influence of industrial activities. However, the large influence of wind-blown dust was reflected by 30 % and more of trace metals being present in the PM2.5–10 size fraction. Comparison of trace metals determined at Welgegund to those in the western Bushveld Igneous Complex indicated that at both locations similar species were observed with Fe being the most abundant. However, concentrations of these trace metal species were significantly higher in the western Bushveld Igneous Complex. Fe concentrations at the Vaal Triangle were similar to levels thereof at Welgegund, while concentrations of species associated pyrometallurgical smelting were lower. Annual average Ni was four times higher and annual average As was marginally higher than their respective European standards limit values, which could be attributed to regional influence of pyrometallurgical industries in the western Bushveld Igneous Complex. All three size fractions indicated elevated trace metal concentrations coinciding with the end of the dry season, which could partially be attributed to decreased wet removal and increases in wind generation of particulates. Principal component factor analysis (PCFA) revealed four meaningful factors in the PM1 size fraction, i.e. crustal, pyrometallurgical-related and Au slimes dams. No meaningful factors were determined for the PM1–2.5 and PM2.5–10 size fractions, which was attributed to the large influence of wind-blown dust on atmospheric trace metals determined at Welgegund. Pollution roses confirmed the influence of wind-blown dust on trace metal concentrations measured at Welgegund, while the impact of industrial activities was also substantiated.
Environmental Conditions for Alternative Tree Cover States in High
Latitudes
Authors: Abis Beniamino , Brovkin Victor
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Previous analysis of the vegetation cover from remote sensing revealed the existence of three alternative modes in the frequency distribution of boreal tree cover: a sparsely vegetated treeless state, an open woodland state, and a forest state. Identifying which are the regions subject to multimodality, and assessing which are the main factors underlying their existence, is important to project future change of natural vegetation cover and its effect on climate. We study the impact on the tree cover fraction distribution (TCF) of eight globally-observed environmental factors: mean annual rainfall (MAR), mean minimum temperature (MTmin), growing degree days above 0 °C (GDD0), permafrost distribution (PZI), mean spring soil moisture (MSSM), wildfire occurrence frequency (FF), soil texture (ST), and mean thawing depth (MTD). Through the use of generalised additive models, conditional histograms, and phase-space analysis, we find that environmental conditions exert a strong control over the tree cover distribution, generally uniquely determining its state. Additionally, we find that the relationship between tree cover and environment is different within the four boreal regions here considered, namely Eastern North Eurasia, Western North Eurasia, Eastern North America, and Western North America. Furthermore, using a classification based on MAR, MTmin, MSSM, PZI, FF, and ST, we show the location of areas with potentially alternative tree cover states under the same environmental conditions in the boreal region. These areas, although encompassing a minor fraction of the boreal area (~ 5 %), are of interest for a more detailed analysis of land-atmosphere interactions.
A 4D-Var inversion system based on the icosahedral grid model
(NICAM-TM 4D-Var v1.0): 1. Off-line forward and adjoint
transport models
Authors: Niwa Yosuke , Tomita Hirofumi , Satoh Masaki , Imasu Ryoichi , Sawa Yousuke , Tsuboi Kazuhiro , Matsueda Hidekazu , Machida Toshinobu , Sasakawa Motoki , Belan Boris , Saigusa Nobuko
Published: October 2016

Abstract. A 4-dimensional variational (4D-Var) method is a popular algorithm for inverting atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) measurements. In order to meet the computationally intense 4D-Var iterative calculation, off-line forward and adjoint transport models are developed based on the Nonhydorstatic ICosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM). By introducing flexibility into the temporal resolution of the input meteorological data, the forward model developed in this study is not only computationally efficient but is also found to nearly match the transport performance of the on-line model. In a transport simulation of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), the data-thinning error (error resulting from reduction in the time resolution of the meteorological data used to drive the off-line transport model) is minimized by employing high temporal resolution data of the vertical diffusion coefficient; with a lower temporal resolution, significant concentration biases near the surface are introduced. The new adjoint model can be run in discrete or continuous adjoint mode for the advection process. The discrete adjoint is characterized by perfect adjoint relationship with the forward model that switches off the flux limiter, while the continuous adjoint is characterized by imperfect but reasonable adjoint relationship with its corresponding forward model. In the latter case, both the forward and adjoint models use the flux limiter to ensure the monotonicity of tracer concentrations and sensitivities. Trajectory analysis for high-CO2 concentration events are performed to test adjoint sensitivities; we also demonstrate the potential usefulness of our adjoint model for diagnosing tracer transport. Both the off-line forward and adjoint models have computational efficiency about ten times more than that of the on-line model. A description of our new 4D-Var system that includes an optimization method, along with its application in an atmospheric CO2 inversion and the effects of using either the discrete or continuous adjoint method, is presented in an accompanying paper (Niwa et al., 2016).
Relative impacts of land use and climate change on summer precipitation in the Netherlands
Authors: Daniels Emma , Lenderink Geert , Hutjes Ronald , Holtslag Albert
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The effects of historic and future land use on precipitation in the Netherlands are investigated on 18 summer days with similar meteorological conditions. The days are selected with a circulation type classification and a clustering procedure to obtain a homogenous set of days that is expected to favor land impacts. Changes in precipitation are investigated in relation to the present-day climate and land use, and from the perspective of future climate and land use. To that end, the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model is used with land use maps for 1900, 2000, and 2040. In addition, a temperature perturbation of +1 °C assuming constant relative humidity is imposed as a surrogate climate change scenario. Decreases in precipitation of, respectively, 3–5 and 2–5 % are simulated following conversion of historic to present, and present to future, land use. The temperature perturbation under present land use conditions increases precipitation amounts by on average 7–8 % and amplifies precipitation intensity. However, when also considering future land use, the increase is reduced to 2–6 % on average, and no intensification of extreme precipitation is simulated. In all, the simulated effects of land use changes on precipitation in summer are smaller than the effects of climate change, but are not negligible.
Almási, Gábor and Lav Šubarić, eds. 2015. Latin at the Crossroads of Identity. Leiden: Brill. 326 pp.
Authors: Ferdinand Siarl
Published: October 2016

Almási, Gábor and Lav Šubarić, eds. 2015. Latin at the Crossroads of Identity. Leiden: Brill. 326 pp.
Situation of the Csángó Dialect of Moldavia in Romania
Authors: Ferdinand Siarl
Published: October 2016

The following paper analyses the situation of the Csángó dialect spoken in the Romanian region of Moldavia. After a review of the global phenomenon of language death, its causes, and some resources to evaluate language vitality, the study focuses on the Csángó community and its Hungarian dialect. A short description of some fundamental facts about the group, such as ethnicity, religious affiliation, and linguistic background sets the base for an in-depth study of the language situation. In order to achieve that goal, the language was scrutinized according to the nine factors proposed by the UNESCO’s Language Vitality and Endangerment (LVE) framework. The results confirm previous research in the field and show that Csángó is experiencing a decisive and most difficult phase in its history. It is expected, however, that this paper can contribute to create a successful planning to preserve not only Csángó but many other languages and dialects in similar situations.
Friedmann, Robbie. 2014. 28 Letters – the Short Life of Renée (Baba) Friedmann on Not So Calm Waters. San Francisco, London: Blurb.com. An English, Hungarian and Hebrew Edition. 440 pp.
Authors: Rosen Ilana
Published: October 2016

Friedmann, Robbie. 2014. 28 Letters – the Short Life of Renée (Baba) Friedmann on Not So Calm Waters. San Francisco, London: Blurb.com. An English, Hungarian and Hebrew Edition. 440 pp.
Niran, Judit. 2014. Jelek a vízen ('Signs on the Water'). Budapest: Libri. 260 pp. Illus.
Authors: Rosen Ilana
Published: October 2016

Niran, Judit. 2014. Jelek a vízen ('Signs on the Water'). Budapest: Libri. 260 pp. Illus.
Szécsi, Noémi and Eleonóra Géra. 2015: A budapesti úrinő magánélete, 1860-1914 (‘The Private Life of a Budapest Lady, 1860-1914’). Budapest: Európa. 439 pp. Illus.
Authors: Kapus Erika
Published: October 2016

Szécsi, Noémi and Eleonóra Géra. 2015: A budapesti úrinő magánélete, 1860-1914 (‘The Private Life of a Budapest Lady, 1860-1914’). Budapest: Európa. 439 pp. Illus.
Empress Elisabeth (‘Sisi’) of Austria and Patriotic Fashionism
Authors: VanDemark Christopher M.
Published: October 2016

In this article, Christopher VanDemark explores the intersections between nationalism, fashion, and the royal figure in Hungary between 1857 and the Compromise of 1867. Focusing on aesthetics as a vehicle for feminine power at a critical junction in Hungarian history, VanDemark contextualizes Empress Elisabeth’s role in engendering a revised political schema in the Habsburg sphere. Foreseeing the power of emblematic politics, the young Empress adeptly situated herself between the Hungarians and the Austrians to recast the Hungarian martyrology narrative promulgated after the failed revolution of 1848. Eminent Hungarian newspapers such as the Pesti Napló, Pester Lloyd, and the Vasárnapi Újság form the backbone of this article, as publications such as these facilitated the dissemination of patriotic sentiment while simultaneously exulting the efficacy of symbolic fashions. The topic of study engages with contemporary works on nationalism, which emphasize gender and aesthetics, and contributes to the emerging body of scholarship on important women in Hungarian history. Seminal texts by Catherine Brice, Sara Maza, Abby Zanger, and Lynn Hunt compliment the wider objective of this brief analysis, namely, the notion that the Queen’s body can both enhance and reform monarchical power within a nineteenth-century milieu.
Kiss, Réka and Attila Viktor Soós, eds. 2015. Keletről Nyugatra. A kommunista mozgalom titkos pénzei ('From East to West - the Secret Money of the Communist Movement'). Budapest: Nemzeti Emlékezet Bizottsága. 144 pp.
Authors: Glanz Susan
Published: October 2016

Kiss, Réka and Attila Viktor Soós, eds. 2015. Keletröl Nyugatra. A kommunista mozgalom titkos pénzei ('From East to West - the Secret Money of the Communist Movement'). Budapest: Nemzeti Emlékezet Bizottsága. 144 pp.
Review Article: "A Hungarian Refugee in England and Holland." Pogany, George. 2012. When Even the Poets Were Silent: The Life of a Jewish Hungarian Holocaust Survivor under Nazism and Communism. Afterword by Istvan Pogany. Kenilworth, UK: Brandram, Imprint of Takaway Publishing. 263 pp.; Pogany, George. 2014. Where Is My Home? A Hungarian Refugee in England and Holland. Lexington KY: CreateSpace. 209 pp. Illus.
Authors: Biro Ruth G.
Published: October 2016

The personal experiences of individuals who lived through the catastrophes of World War II, the Holocaust and the 1956 Hungarian Revolution have been told in many recent memoirs, greatly expanding our understanding of these historical events. In addition to the experiences of the narrators, the fate of their family members, friends, colleagues and entire communities who were all impacted by these events are also illuminated in these accounts. The two memoirs by George Pogany (b. 1928) cover his life since the early 1930s in Hungary, the Holocaust, communism, his escape to the West in 1956, his settlement in England, resettlement in Holland and his years as an international management consultant in several countries. Few memoirs transmit so vigorously the sweep, resiliency, and duration of the author's life and reflections as in Pogany's exceptionally detailed and insightful twofold memoir.
Pueblos Silenciosos/Silent Comunities: Within the Grain, Against the Grain
Authors: Karayalçın Özge
Published: October 2016

Born in East L.A.This article is an attempt to map in general sense the origins and development of the Chicano movement in The United States. The reason why a term like’’Chicano/-a’’ was coined and what it means politically, socially, economically and also is going to be discussed in depth. The term Chicano or Chicana (also spelled Xicano or Xicana) was coined to characterize Latinos as American born, but originally based in Mexico. Filmed in 1987, the movie ‘’Born in East L.A.’’ is a cultural representation of Xicanos, that’s why this movie has become a great source for me to fill the term ‘’Chicano/-a’’ to form the basis for my assignment and be able to be more open in terms of elucidating the new identity called ‘’chicano’’today.
Educating Educational Leaders in a Blended Professional Doctorate Program: An Initial Action Research Inquiry
Authors: Strom Kathryn , Porfilio Bradley , Plough Bobbie
Published: October 2016

This paper describes the first cycle of an action research study investigating the impact of new blended learning courses in a professional doctorate program, the results of which will inform future course planning and pedagogy.  Specifically, core researcher-faculty members associated with the program were interested in understanding how a blended learning program impacted students’ learning experiences. In our findings from this initial inquiry, we detail both constraining and enabling elements of the hybrid experiences provided to students. We also describe the revised action plan created from these findings to improve our ability to utilize the online portion of our doctoral coursework to meet our larger goals of preparing educational leaders to fight for issues of social justice in K-12 settings and beyond.
Dan Cake (Portugal) S.A. v. Hungary (ICSID)
Authors: Valenzuela-Bock Catherina
Published: October 2016

In Dan Cake v. Hungary, an arbitral tribunal constituted under the auspices of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) issued a rare finding of denial of justice in its adjudication of the claims by Portuguese investor Dan Cake, alleging that the Hungarian court’s actions during the liquidation proceedings of its subsidiary were a violation of the fair and equitable treatment provision of the Hungary-Portugal Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT). The decision adds an example of the factual circumstances that lead to a finding of denial of justice and reaffirms the stringent requirements that need to be satisfied in order to succeed on such a claim.
Five-year experience with donation after cardiac death kidney transplantation in a Canadian transplant program: Factors affecting outcomes
Authors: Moser Michael , Sharpe Michael , Weernink Corinne , Brown Harrison , McGregor Thomas , House Andrew , Luke Patrick P.
Published: October 2016

Background: Donation after cardiac death (DCD) has led to an increase of up to 40% in the number of kidney transplants in some programs. Unfortunately, the increase in warm ischemic time results in higher rates of delayed graft function (DGF). The purpose of our study was to examine our initial 5-year experience with DCD kidney transplantation and to determine the factors involved in early postoperative function and function at 1 year.Methods: This retrospective study included a review of the recipient and donor charts of 63 DCD kidneys retrieved and transplanted by the London Multi-Organ Transplant Program between July 2006 and October 2011. Comparisons were carried out between our early (n=31, July 2006 to January 2009) and our recent experience (n=32, March 2009 to October 2011). DGF and creatinine clearance at 3, 7 and 365 days were examined with regression analyses.Results: DGF was seen in 65% of transplanted kidneys. Mean creatinine clearance (CrCl) at 1 year was 66.7 mL/min. Low pre-transplant recipient daily urine output was the most statistically significant predictor of DGF in multivariate analysis (p < 0.001). In comparisons between our early and more recent results, improvements were noted in time from asystole to flush (16.0 vs. 12.0 minutes, p = 0.003), while cold ischemic time increased (464 vs.725 minutes, p = 0.006). Experience contributed to a significant reduction in hospital length of stay (16 vs. 13 days, p = 0.035) and improved early renal function (CrCl at 3 days 7.8 vs. 11.9 mL/min, p = 0.027). The use of machine cold perfusion and higher recipient preoperative daily urine output predicted improved early renal function, while increasing donor age predicted poorer funcion at 1 year.Discussion: Despite early DGF, our results justify the continued transplantation of kidneys from DCD donors.
Knowledge about urology in the general population: alarming results
Authors: Gagnon Louis-Olivier , Simard Andréanne , Tu Le-Mai
Published: October 2016

Introduction: For different reasons, urology appears to be one ofthe least known specialties in medicine. In this study, the mainobjective was to measure the knowledge about urology in thegeneral population.Methods: A questionnaire was completed by 150 respondents.Seventy-five respondents were from Sherbrooke, QC (a Frenchspeakingcity) and 75 were from Burlington, VT (an Englishspeakingcity).Results: Of the 150 respondents, 75% (113) said they knew littleor nothing about urology and 63% (95) did not know that urologyinvolves surgery. Also, when asked to name 3 diseases withinthe field of urology, 59% (89) of the respondents were unable toname at least 1 disease.Conclusion: This study demonstrates the lack of knowledge abouturology in the general population. As urologists, we have to considerthe need to conduct an informational campaign to increasethe awareness of urology and the services urologists provide.Introduction : Pour toutes sortes de raisons, l’urologie semble êtreune des spécialités les moins connues de la médecine. Notre étudeavait pour principal objectif de vérifier les connaissances de lapopulation générale en ce domaine.Méthodologie : Un questionnaire a été rempli par 150 personnes,réparties comme suit : 75 personnes de Sherbrooke, au Québec(ville francophone), et 75, de Burlington, au Vermont (ville anglophone).Résultats : Sur les 150 répondants, 75 % (113) avouaient avoirdes connaissances faibles ou nulles dans le domaine de l’urologieet 63 % (95) ignoraient que la chirurgie peut parfois être uti -lisée comme traitement urologique. En outre, lorsqu’on a demandéaux répondants de nommer 3 maladies traitées par un urologue,59 % (89) des répondants étaient incapables de nommer seulementune maladie.Conclusion : L’étude illustre le manque de connaissances de lapopulation générale dans le domaine de l’urologie. En tant qu’urologues,nous devons reconnaître la nécessité de mener une campagned’information afin de sensibiliser la population au sujet del’urologie et des services que nous offrons.
Regional differences in practice patterns and associated outcomes for upper tract urothelial carcinoma in Canada
Authors: Melcalfe Michael , Kassouf Wassim , Rendon Ricardo , Bell David , Izawa Jonathan , Chin Joseph , Kapoor Anil , Matsumoto Edward , Lattouf Jean-Baptiste , Saad Fred , Lacombe Louis , Fradet Yves , Fairey Adrian , Jacobson Niels-Eric , Drachenberg Darrel , Cagiannos Ilias , So Alan , Black Peter
Published: October 2016

Introduction: We delineated Canadian regional differences in practice patterns in the management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) after nephroureterectomy and relate these to patient outcomes.Methods: A database was created with 1029 patients undergoing radical nephroureterectomy for UTUC between 1994 and 2009 at 10 Canadian centres. Demographic, clinical and pathological variables were collected from chart review. Practice pattern variables were defined as: open versus laparoscopic nephroureterectomy, management strategy for the distal ureter, performance of lymphadenectomy and administration of chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. The outcome measures were overall (OS), disease-specific (DSS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). The centres were divided into three regions (West, Central, East). Cox proportional multivariable linear regression analysis was used to determine the association between regional differences in practice patterns and clinical outcomes.Results: There was a significant difference in practice patterns between regions within Canada for: time from diagnosis to surgery (p = 0.001), type of surgery (open vs. laparoscopic, p < 0.01) and method of management of the distal ureter (p = 0.001). As well, there were significant differences in survival between regions across Canada: 5-year OS (West 70%, Central 81% and East 62%, p < 0.0001) and DSS (West=79%, Central=85%, East=75%, p = 0.007) were significantly different, but there was no difference in RFS (West 47%, Central 48%, East 46%, p = 0.88). Multivariable linear regression analysis demonstrated that the differences in survival were independent of region OS (p = 0.78), DSS (p = 0.30) or RFS (p = 0.43).Conclusion: There is significant disparity in practice patterns between regions within Canada, but these do not appear to have an effect on survival. We believe that the variability in practice is a reflection of the lack of standardized treatments for UTUC and underlines the need for multi-institutional studies in this disease.