bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of atmospheric nitrogen inputs into marine ecosystems of the North Sea and Baltic Sea – part A: validation and time scales of nutrient accumulation
Authors: Neumann Daniel , Karl Matthias , Radtke Hagen , Neumann Thomas
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The North Sea and the Baltic Sea are impacted by several anthropogenic activities, which put pressure onto the marine ecosystem. One of these pressures is the input of nitrogen compounds, which act as nutrients for phytoplankton growth and induce eutrophication. Atmospheric deposition is a relevant contributor to the marine nitrogen budget, making up 20 % to 40 % of the nitrogen input of the North Sea and Baltic Sea. But the concentrations of dissolved and particulate nitrogen in the sea are not only determined by the input, but also by the residence time of nitrogen in the system before it is removed by biogeochemical processes or physical advection. Our study aims to estimate the contribution of atmospherically deposited nitrogen to the nitrogen pools of North Sea and Baltic Sea. The contribution of atmospheric nitrogen deposition to dissolved inorganic nitrogen and to particulate organic nitrogen in the surface water was evaluated for both Seas in this study showing the relevance of deposition. Both seas differ significantly with respect to the residence time of water and nutrients. Hence, both water bodies were compared with respect to the accumulation of atmospheric nitrogen. Model simulations with the coupled physical biogeochemical model HBM-ERGOM were performed for this purpose. The fate of atmospheric nitrogen deposition was traced in the marine ecosystem. The model-predicted relevant nutrient concentrations in the surface layer compared well to measurements. Nutrient and oxygen concentrations in deep parts of the Baltic Sea were not properly reproduced but did not impact the simulation quality of surface layer concentrations. The denitrification in the Wadden Sea was underestimated by the model. Tagged dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) with nitrogen from atmospheric deposition reaches a steady-state in the southern North Sea after two years of simulation. This is consistent with the published residence time of nutrients in this region. In contrast, in the Baltic Sea region, the atmospheric nitrogen shares increased year-by-year reaching a steady-state not before the fifth year. This is also consistent with published studies on the residence time of riverine nitrogen in the Baltic Sea. Atmospheric nitrogen shares were evaluated in detail in the second part of this study.
Tidal impacts on primary production in the North Sea
Authors: Zhao Changjin , Daewel Ute , Schrum Corinna
Published: October 2018

Abstract. This study highlights the importance of tides in controlling the spatial and temporal distributions of phytoplankton and other factors related to growth, such as nutrients and light availability. To quantify the responses of net primary production (NPP) to tidal forcing, we conducted scenario model simulations considering M2 and S2 tidal constituents using the physical-biogeochemical coupled model ECOSMO. The results were analysed with respect to a reference simulation without tidal forcing, with particular focus on the spatial scale of the tidally induced changes. Tidal forcing regulates the mixing-stratification processes in shelf seas such as the North Sea and hence also influences ecosystem dynamics. In principle, the results suggest three different response types with respect to primary production: (i) in southern shallow areas with strong tidal energy dissipation, tidal mixing dilutes phytoplankton concentrations in the upper water layers and thereby decreases NPP. Additionally, tides increase turbidity in near-coastal shallow areas, which has the potential to further hamper NPP. (ii) In the frontal region of the southern North Sea, which is a transition zone between stratified and mixed areas, tidal mixing infuses nutrients into the surface mixed layer and resolves summer nutrient depletion, thus sustaining the NPP during the summer season after spring bloom nutrient depletion. (iii) In the northern North Sea, the NPP response to tidal forcing is limited. Additionally, our simulations indicate that spring bloom phenology is impacted by tidal forcing, leading to a later onset of the spring bloom in large parts of the North Sea and to generally higher spring bloom peak phytoplankton biomasses. By testing the related changes in stratification, light conditions and grazing pressure, we found that all three factors potentially contribute to the change in spring bloom phenology with clear local differences. Finally, we also analysed the impact of the spring-neap tidal cycle on NPP. The annual mean impact of spring-neap tidal forcing on NPP is limited. However, locally, we found substantial differences in NPP either in-phase or anti-phase with the spring-neap tidal cycle. These differences could be attributed to locally different dominant factors such as light or nutrient availability during spring tides. In general, we conclude that in shallow shelf seas such as the North Sea, intensified vertical mixing induced by tidal forcing could either promote NPP by counteracting nutrient depletion or hinder NPP by deteriorating the light environment because of the resuspension and mixing of suspended matter into the euphotic zone.
terrainbento 1.0: a Python package for multi-model
analysis in long-term drainage basin evolution
Authors: Barnhart Katherine R. , Glade Rachel C. , Shobe Charles M. , Tucker Gregory E.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Models of landscape evolution provide insight into the development of specific field areas, create testable predictions of landform development, demonstrate the consequences of current geomorphic process theory, and spark imagination through hypothetical scenarios. While the last four decades have brought the proliferation of many alternative formulations for the redistribution of mass by Earth surface processes, relatively few studies have systematically compared and tested these alternative equations. We present a new Python modeling package, terrainbento 1.0, that enables multi-model comparison, sensitivity analysis, and calibration of Earth surface process models. terrainbento provides a set of 28 model programs that implement alternative transport laws related to four model elements: hillslope processes, surface-water hydrology, erosion by flowing water, and material properties. The 28 model programs stem from 13 binary choices related to one of these four elements – for example, the use of linear or non-linear hillslope diffusion. terrainbento is an extensible framework: model base classes that treat the elements common to all models (such as input/output and boundary conditions) make it possible to create a new model without re-inventing these common methods. terrainbento is built on top of the Landlab framework, such that new Landlab components directly support the creation of new terrainbento models. terrainbento is fully documented, has 100 % unit test coverage including numerical comparison with % all available analytical solutions for process models, and continuous integration testing. We support future users and developers with introductory Jupyter notebooks and a template for creating new terrainbento model programs. In this paper, we describe the package structure, process model theory, and software implementation of terrainbento. Finally, we illustrate the utility of terrainbento with a benchmark example highlighting the differences in steady state topography between five different process models.
Land cover effects on hydrologic services under a precipitation gradient
Authors: Zabaleta Ane , Garmendia Eneko , Mariel Petr , Tamayo Ibon , Antigüedad Iñaki
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Climate change impacts on the hydrological cycle are
altering the quantity, quality, and temporal distribution of riverine
discharge, necessitating a more rigorous consideration of changes in land
cover and land use. This study establishes relationships between different
land cover combinations (e.g. percentages of forest – both native and
exotic – and pastureland) and hydrological services, using hydrological
indices estimated at annual and seasonal timescales in an area with a steep
precipitation gradient (900–2600 mm yr−1). Using discharge data from
20 catchments in the Bay of Biscay, a climate transition zone, the study
applied multiple regression models to better understand how the interaction
between precipitation and land cover combinations influence hydrological
services. Findings showed the relationship between land cover combinations
and hydrological services is highly dependent on the amount of
precipitation, even in a climatically homogeneous and relatively small area.
In general, in the Bay of Biscay area, the greater presence of any type of
forests is associated with lower annual water resources, especially with
greater percentages of exotic plantations and high annual precipitation.
Where precipitation is low, forests show more potential to reduce annual and
winter high flows than pasturelands, but this potential decreases as annual
or seasonal precipitation increases. As annual precipitation increases, low
flows increase as the percentage of exotic plantations decreases and
pasturelands increase. Results obtained in this study improve understanding
of the multiple effects of land cover on hydrological services, and
illustrate the relevance of land planning to the management of water
resources, especially under a climate change scenario.
The Great Aurora of January 1770 observed in Spain
Authors: Carrasco Víctor M. S. , Aragonès Enric , Ordaz Jorge , Vaquero José M.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. An analysis is made of the records made by Spanish
observers of a notable aurora on 18 January 1770 in order to study the
characteristics of this event. The records indicate that the phenomenon was
observed in both continental and insular territories of Spain, in particular
at San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Cádiz, Córdoba, Badajoz,
Valencia, Castellón, Madrid, Barcelona, and Gerri de la Sal. The most
equatorward observational site was San Cristóbal de la Laguna
(28.48∘ N, 16.32∘ W) in the Canary Islands. In general,
the descriptions put its duration from sunset to midnight, but the observers
from Córdoba and Madrid report the aurora as being visible during the
last hours of the night, and it was even observed the following day at
Castellón. All the observers described the aurora as red in colour,
while white and ash colours were also reported at Córdoba and Gerri de
la Sal. The brightness and shape of auroral display changed over time.
Calculations of the geomagnetic latitudes of the observation locations gave
San Cristóbal de la Laguna as the southernmost (26∘ N) and
Gerri de la Sal the northernmost (35∘ N) and indicate this aurora
was observed over a wide range of abnormally low latitudes for such a
phenomenon. Solar activity around the event was high, with the astronomer
Horrebow registering 10 sunspot groups on that date (18 January 1770).
Data fusion of surface data sets of X-ray computed tomography measurements using locally determined surface quality values
Authors: Müller Andreas Michael , Hausotte Tino
Published: October 2018

Abstract. X-ray computed tomography as a measurement system faces some difficulties
concerning the quality of the acquired measurements due to energy-dependent
interaction of polychromatic radiation with the examined object at hand.
There are many different techniques to reduce the negative influences of
these artefact phenomena, which is also the aim of this newly introduced
method. The key idea is to create several measurements of the same object,
which only differ in their orientation inside the ray path of the measurement
system. These measurements are then processed to selectively correct faulty
surface regions. To calculate the needed geometrical transformations between
the different measurements with the goal of a congruent alignment in one
coordinate system, an extension of the iterative closest point (ICP)
algorithm is used. To quantitatively classify any surface point regarding its
quality value to determine the individual need of correction for each point,
the local quality value (LQV) method is used, which has been developed at the
Institute of Manufacturing Metrology. Different data fusion algorithms are
presented whose performances are tested and verified using nominal–actual
comparisons.
Enhancing Service-Oriented Behaviors in an Asian Business Context: Lessons From a Pakistani Bank
Authors: Prouska Rea
Published: October 2018

This article examines how service organizations can enhance employees’ customer orientation, often exhibited through the display of service-oriented citizenship behaviors. The study, in this respect, quantitatively analyses the relationships between organizational distributive justice, leader-member exchange (LMX), and team-member exchange (TMX) on customer orientation. Data were gathered through a survey of 658 middle managers working in a Pakistani bank and were analyzed via full structural equation modelling. The findings reveal that organizational distributive justice, LMX, and TMX are key predictors of customer orientation. Specifically, the analysis suggests that the relationships between organizational distributive justice and LMX with customer orientation are mediated partially and fully, respectively, by TMX. Simultaneously, TMX partially mediates the relationship between organizational tenure and customer orientation. Our study contributes to both theory and practice of service organization functioning by signifying the importance of the organization’s fair distribution of rewards as well as it’s leader’s and co-worker’s behaviors in affecting organizationally desired employee behaviors and thereby, arguably, enabling positive organizational outcomes. Service organizations can, based on our findings, create a culture of service excellence by placing emphasis on specific elements at the organizational, leadership, and team level.
Management Governance Analysis in the Arab World: MANOVA Approach
Authors: MOURAD Mahmoud
Published: October 2018

This paper studies 17 Arab States, human development index (HDI), and 11 time series which represent the basic indicators of governance. These variables are freedom of trade, freedom of property, freedom of economy, freedom of finance, freedom of corruption, freedom of fiscal, freedom of money, freedom of enterprise, freedom of investment, freedom of work, and freedom of government spending. A multivariate variance analysis (MANOVA) was used to test whether a differential effect exists between the Arab countries, by first focusing on the types of regimes (monarchical or republican), and second on the group of Arab countries belonging to the GCC and the rest of Arab states. Our statistical results indicate a differential effect by the type of political system on the following governance variables: corruption, freedom of trade, freedom of economy and freedom of property. Statistically speaking, in republican regimes, low values associated with the degree of freedom of corruption show that corruption is high and that it severely limits the freedom of individuals. Similarly, freedom of trade and freedom of economy in these regimes have more legislative or regulatory limitations, and little economic freedom compared to monarchies. Finally, concerning the degree of freedom of property, there are more expropriations and a higher level of corruption in the process of buying and selling goods. The inspection of the MANOVA results clearly indicates that the GCC countries are distinguished from other Arab countries based on six governance variables and the HDI indicator. Indeed, in the Arab countries of the GCC, we identify weaker corruption levels, a freedom of trade with less legislative or regulatory limits, a greater economic freedom, a fiscal freedom close to 100 (this means that the burden of paying taxes is lower and consequently individuals and companies have little tax liability), a fluctuated controlled monetary freedom, the human development index (HDI) is significantly higher, and finally a freedom of property with less expropriations and a lower level of corruption in the sale or purchase of goods. The high values of the HDI indicator in the GCC countries are partly explained by the indicator of gross domestic product per capita (IGDP) which is very high in those countries.
Barn og barnehagelærere i samtaler om estetiske spørgsmålstillinger i barnehagen
Authors: Alvestad Marit , Garred Rudy
Published: October 2018

I denne artikkelen presenteres en kvalitativ empirisk småskala-studie om hvordan barn (4–6 år) kan delta i refleksjoner omkring estetiske problemstillinger i samtaler med barnehagelærere. Studien bygger på kvalitative fokusgruppeintervju med barn gjennomført av barnehagelærere. Den bygger på estetiske og pedagogiske teoriperspektiver, samt relevant forskning på området. En fortolkende og beskrivende analyse resulterte i to brede hovedtematikker. Den ene tematikken dreier seg om selve kunstbegrepet, den andre om forholdet fantasi og virkelighet. Avslutningsvis diskuteres resultatene og noen implikasjoner trekkes fram, blant annet om danningsaspektet og barnehagelærerens betydning for å fremme slike refleksive samtaler.
English abstract
Children and preschool teachers in conversations about aesthetical query in the kindergarten
This study presents a qualitative empirical small scale study focusing on how children (4–6 years) and preschool teachers may engage in talking together about aesthetic themes in the kindergarten. The study is based on qualitative focus group interviews with children, carried out by preschool teachers. The study builds on aesthetic and pedagogical theory perspectives, as well as relevant research in the field. An interpretative and descriptive analysis resulted in two broad main themes, one about the concept of art, the other about fantasy versus reality. Finally, the results are discussed and some implications are drawn, including the aspect of cultural formation, and the importance of the preschool teachers for promoting such reflective conversations.
Språkkartlegging av flerspråklige barn – ekskludering i praksis?
Authors: Vik Nassira Essahli
Published: October 2018

Norsk barnehage har blitt en etnisk og kulturelt mangfoldig møteplass. Måten mangfoldet møtes på i barnehagen kan være av betydning både for enkeltindivid og samfunnet. I denne artikkelen spør jeg om – og hvordan – språkkartleggingspraksisen kan bidra til inkludering eller ekskludering av flerspråklige barn. Artikkelen presenterer en kvalitativ studie bygd på diskursanalytiske- og postkoloniale tilnærminger. Metodisk brukes det observasjoner av fem kartleggingssituasjoner i ulike barnehager. I tillegg gjennomføres intervjuer med de pedagogene som gjennomførte kartleggingene. Funnene viser at en instrumentell og standardisert bruk av kartleggingsverktøy leder til passivisering av barn og en institusjonalisering av mangelperspektivet. Kartleggingspraksisen ser dessuten ut til å være med på å gjenskape og forsterke de rådende representasjonene av forholdet mellom minoriteter og majoritet, i tråd med Edward Saids begrep Orientalisme, som «oss» og «de andre».
English abstract
Language mapping of multilingual children – inclusion or exclusion?
Norwegian early childhood education and care institutions (ECEC) have become a multicultural meet-ing place and an important arena for both early language acquisition and inclusion for multilingual children. The way diversity is dealt with is of major importance for individuals and society. In this article, I ask if language mapping practices contribute to the inclusion or exclusion of multilingual children. The article presents a qualitative study based on discourse analytical and postcolonial approaches. I combine observations and interviews to explore the topic. The findings show that an instrumental and standardized use of mapping tools leads to passivity of the children and lack of dialogue. It also shows that the way multilingual children are represented can reflect what Edward Said call Orientalism – a stereotypical representation of «the others».
Study on the Effect of Equity Incentive Plans for Private Enterprises in Zhuhai City----A Case Study of Ninestar
Authors: Yang Junda , Xia Yun , Yang Liu , Chen Xiaomei
Published: October 2018

In recent years, in order to study the actual effect of equity incentives of the listed companies, Chinese scholars have mainly studied it from three aspects, including enterprise performance, manager behavior and market response. This paper analyzed the equity incentive plan scheme of Ninestar company, a private listed company in Zhuhai city, in detail, and made an analysis on the specific effects of Ninestar's equity incentive measures from the following three aspects: enterprise performance, manager behavior and market response. Finally, we put forward relevant suggestions from the perspective of corporate governance structure, providing beneficial reference for private enterprises in China to improve equity incentive measures.
Academic Motivation Scale: Development, Application and Validation for Portuguese Accounting and Marketing Undergraduate Students
Authors: Silva Rui , Rodrigues Ricardo , Leal Carmem
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this research is the adaptation of the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS) and its use on Accounting and Marketing college undergraduates. After the AMS had been adapted and changed into the Accounting and Marketing Academic Motivation Scale (AMAMS), it was validated in psychometric terms so that it could become a valid tool to be applied and used in studies involving this type of students. Using structural equation modelling, the AMAMS that resulted from adapting the original AMS model was tested. The new scale thus obtained has produced significant results that were very similar to those of the original scale, which means that it is valid and can be applied to other contexts. The validity and statistical reliability of the new scale made it possible to measure Accounting and Marketing college undergraduates’ motivation in a reliable and robust way. The present research is an important contribution for literature since it is the first time that AMS is adapted to and validated in students of these two areas of management, although it has already been applied to several educational contexts.
Analysis on the Evolution Path of Promoting the College Students' Entrepreneurship
Authors: Yanan Tian
Published: October 2018

Promote the deep cooperation between government and university is conducive to promoting the development of college students’ entrepreneurship. In order to study how to promote the evolution of college students 'entrepreneurship, this paper uses the theory of evolutionary game to construct the evolutionary game model of political and university collaboration and promote the stability and balance of college students' entrepreneurship. The study draws the relevant phase diagram of the system, and analyzes the influence of the relevant parameters on the evolution mechanism in the process of coordination between government and government.
Usability of Mobile-Assisted Language Learning: Swedish Language Learning for Newcomers in Sweden
Authors: Alkhouli Samer
Published: October 2018

The rapid advances of ICTs (Information and Communication Technologies) have enabled ease in accessible language acquisition through the use of a wide range of mobile devices. These devices can be used for language learning anywhere and at any time. Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) is one such approach to language acquisition. MALL is enhanced and managed through the support of modern mobile technological devices. The study objective is to investigate the newcomers’ perspective in Sweden with regard to the usability of mobile devices in Swedish language learning. Additionally, this study will explore the newcomer’s attitude towards language learning through mobile devices. An International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO 9241) approach was used in this study to investigate attributes associated with usability; efficacy, effectiveness and satisfaction. 11 newcomers to Sweden who learning Swedish at SFI (Swedish For Immigrants) were interviewed to comprehend their perspective concerning the usability of mobile devices in Swedish language learning. The discovered findings confirm that efficiency, effectiveness and satisfaction have significant positive rates among newcomers, toward mobile devices usability. Additionally, the newcomers use the mobile devices in daily activities more than they do for Swedish language learning.
Overconfident Newsvendor’s Joint Pricing and Ordering Decisions under the Additive Demand Case
Authors: Ying Li , Gui-hang Guo
Published: October 2018

Booming cross-border e-commerce in China has made market demand become more uncertain and volatile, which has imposed more challenges on the pricing and ordering decisions of retailers. More behavioral and cognitive factors need to be taken consideration in operations management and inventory management in particular. Aiming at newsvendor’s overconfidence psychology, we define newsvendor overconfidence under the additive demand case where demand is price dependent, construct the decision model, derive the optimal joint pricing and ordering decisions and analyze structural properties. The analysis proposes the sufficient condition for the existence of the unique optimal price and order quantity. And we find that the optimal price and stock factor both increase with newsvendor’s overconfidence level. Finally, the effect of overconfidence level on optimal decisions is verified through a numerical example and some practical implications are highlighted.
An Italian Business Model for Engaging Organisations to Social Wellness: A Focus on the for Benefit Companies
Authors: Antonella Ferri Maria , Palazzo Maria
Published: October 2018

In 2015, a new kind of company was introduced by law in Italy: the forBenefit Company (fBComp). Such kind of firms is characterized by a relevant novelty: they are for-profit companies whose statute explicitly recognizes the impact of managerial decisions on the wellness of society as well as on shareholders. This study focuses on fBComps as organizations which bases their survival on social legitimacy. Such public recognition can be achieved through creating relationships with social and economic actors (Golinelli, 2010). The objective of the current paper is to open up to a scientific and methodological discussion about the contribution that the social behavior of a company can give to its sustainable survival in light of the logic of diffused value co-creation. The study analyzes the fBComp as a new “social” business model (SBM), which evolves and goes far beyond the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) phenomenon. This topic posits some main research questions: is that a new form and method for value-production and distribution? How does it affect existent corporate governance logics? Results illustrate how this business model operates in practice, or, in other words, the practical applications for the concept of business for-benefit (Rawhouser, Cummings, & Crane, 2015). By conducting a desk analysis, based on a content analysis, using the results of the first Italian Report on fBComp, the contribution draws a portrait of this business model’s main features and explains how or if it impacts management practices, shareholders and other kind of stakeholders.
Contemporary Perspective of Pedagogical Rhetoric in Higher Education Teaching –the Example of a Seminar
Authors: Kiluk Agata
Published: October 2018

One of the goals of the information society is cooperation with the use of technical resources and information.
Knowledge is not associated with any element of the structure, but results from the process of cooperation.Therefore,
the requirements regarding the eff ectiveness of the formulation and processing of knowledge are increasing.
The problem of not being mature enough to autonomously participate in the global exchange of information relates
inter alia to students who engage in various social activities with the use of IT. in the case of university students,
who have mature personalities and for whom self-reliance and problem solving orientation are of key importance,
diff erent rules of cooperation with lecturers are necessary. The uniqueness of a person’s situation in the
knowledge society lies in the extent of the collection and processing of knowledge.
PATOGENICIDADE E TRANSMISSÃO DE FUNGOS ASSOCIADOS ÀS SEMENTES DE Tectona grandis L.f.
Authors: Sales Nathana Izabela Silva , Leão Evelynne Urzêdo , Giongo Marcos , Santos Gil Rodrigues dos
Published: October 2018

A produção de mudas de teca é realizada principalmente por sementes, que é um importante veículo de transmissão de diversos patógenos. Objetivou-se com este trabalho identificar e quantificar os fungos associados às sementes de teca, a patogenicidade desses microrganismos às mudas e a transmissibilidade semente-plântula. Para o teste de sanidade foram utilizadas sementes coletadas em Tocantins e outras adquiridas nos estados do Goiás (GO) e São Paulo (SP). Os tratamentos utilizados foram sementes desinfestadas e não desinfestadas, e sementes com e sem mesocarpo. O ensaio foi conduzido utilizando o método do papel de filtro (Blotter test). Para o teste de patogenicidade em mudas, foram utilizados os isolados de Fusarium sp., Botryodiplodia sp., Alternaria sp. e Plenodomus sp. Para a avaliação da transmissão de fungos via semente-plântula foram utilizadas sementes de cada local. Foram identificados os seguintes gêneros de fungos nas sementes: Fusarium, Trichoderma, Botryodiplodia, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Cladosporium, Alternaria e Plenodomus. Foi observada maior ocorrência de fungos nas sementes provenientes dos estados de GO e SP. Fusarium foi o gênero fúngico com maior incidência nas sementes dos três estados. Apenas os gêneros Fusarium e Botryodiplodia foram patogênicos às mudas de teca. Houve baixa transmissibilidade semente-plântula, sendo que apenas o gênero fitopatogênico Fusarium foi transmitido.
Anatomia do caule de Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman
Authors: Marchiori José Newton Cardoso , Muñiz Graciela I. Bolzón , Gomes Aracely Vidal
Published: October 2018

The anatomical structure of the stem of Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman is described and illustrated whith photomicrographs. The structure is analysed, based on the scarce anatomical literature concerning to the stem of palm trees.
High N-glycan multiplicity is critical for neuronal adhesion and sensitizes the developing cerebellum to N-glycosylation defect
Authors: Medina-Cano Daniel , Ucuncu Ekin , Nguyen Lam Son , Nicouleau Michael , Lipecka Joanna , Bizot Jean-Charles , Thiel Christian , Foulquier François , Lefort Nathalie , Faivre-Sarrailh Catherine , Colleaux Laurence , Guerrera Ida Chiara , Cantagrel Vincent
Published: October 2018

Proper brain development relies highly on protein N-glycosylation to sustain neuronal migration, axon guidance and synaptic physiology. Impairing the N-glycosylation pathway at early steps produces broad neurological symptoms identified in congenital disorders of glycosylation. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying these defects. We generated a cerebellum specific knockout mouse for Srd5a3, a gene involved in the initiation of N-glycosylation. In addition to motor coordination defects and abnormal granule cell development, Srd5a3 deletion causes mild N-glycosylation impairment without significantly altering ER homeostasis. Using proteomic approaches, we identified that Srd5a3 loss affects a subset of glycoproteins with high N-glycans multiplicity per protein and decreased protein abundance or N-glycosylation level. As IgSF-CAM adhesion proteins are critical for neuron adhesion and highly N-glycosylated, we observed impaired IgSF-CAM-mediated neurite outgrowth and axon guidance in Srd5a3 mutant cerebellum. Our results link high N-glycan multiplicity to fine-tuned neural cell adhesion during mammalian brain development.
Calcium-dependent electrostatic control of anion access to the pore of the calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A
Authors: Lam Andy KM , Dutzler Raimund
Published: October 2018

TMEM16A is a ligand-gated anion channel that is activated by intracellular Ca2+. This channel comprises two independent pores and closely apposed Ca2+ binding sites that are contained within each subunit of a homodimeric protein. Previously we characterized the influence of positively charged pore-lining residues on anion conduction (Paulino et al., 2017a). Here, we demonstrate the electrostatic control of permeation by the bound calcium ions in mouse TMEM16A using electrophysiology and Poisson-Boltzmann calculations. The currents of constitutively active mutants lose their outward rectification as a function of Ca2+ concentration due to the alleviation of energy barriers for anion conduction. This phenomenon originates from Coulombic interactions between the bound Ca2+ and permeating anions and thus demonstrates that an electrostatic gate imposed by the vacant binding site present in the sterically open pore, is released by Ca2+ binding to enable an otherwise sub-conductive pore to conduct with full capacity.
Central Dicer-miR-103/107 controls developmental switch of POMC progenitors into NPY neurons and impacts glucose homeostasis
Authors: Croizier Sophie , Park Soyoung , Maillard Julien , Bouret Sebastien G
Published: October 2018

Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons are major negative regulators of energy balance. A distinct developmental property of POMC neurons is that they can adopt an orexigenic neuropeptide Y (NPY) phenotype. However, the mechanisms underlying the differentiation of Pomc progenitors remain unknown. Here, we show that the loss of the microRNA (miRNA)-processing enzyme Dicer in POMC neurons causes metabolic defects, an age-dependent decline in the number of PomcmRNA-expressing cells, and an increased proportion of Pomc progenitors acquiring a NPY phenotype. miRNome microarray screening further identified miR-103/107 as candidates that may be involved in the maturation of Pomc progenitors. In vitro inhibition of miR-103/107 causes a reduction in the number of Pomc-expressing cells and increases the proportion of Pomc progenitors differentiating into NPY neurons. Moreover, in utero silencing of miR-103/107 causes perturbations in glucose homeostasis. Together, these data suggest a role for prenatal miR-103/107 in the maturation of Pomc progenitors and glucose homeostasis.
Colour and form
Authors: Gåfvels Camilla
Published: October 2018

This article investigates how expressions of vocational knowing regarding colour and form changed in Swedish upper secondary floristry education between 1990 and 2015. An analytical approach is used which falls within the framework of a sociocultural interpretation of educational activity. During the period studied, subject matter related to colour and form became increasingly formalised. Empirical data was obtained from multiple sources, including two interviews with an experienced senior teacher, which helped to reveal the local history of a leading Swedish floristry school. The findings of the article are as follows: (i) conceptualisation, verbal analysis and reflection have gained prominence in Swedish floristry education since the 1990s, and (ii) these tools have increasingly served to help participants in education make and express aesthetic judgements. Through a discussion of various aspects of contemporary Swedish floristry education, the article illuminates the complexity of long-term changes in vocational knowing.
Modelling as a fundament for creativity
Authors: Frisch Nina Scott
Published: October 2018

The overall setting around this investigation is the writing of a PhD thesis ‘To see the visually controlled’ (Frisch, 2010), where my aim was to document, describe, analyse, compare and theorise formal (teacher-initiated) and informal (children-initiated) visually controlled drawings, also called modelling drawing processes, among 9–12-year-olds. The modernist narrative in art education presented by Wilson (2004) claims that modelling in drawing among children is uncreative. My investigation shows how creative processes can be detected by using Vygotsky’s creativity theory and Kaufmann and Beghetto’s (2009) 4c creativity model within a sociocultural theoretical tradition. The acts of creative processes done by moving modelled elements in a drawing around has not been thoroughly seen as a central strategy in children´s drawing processes. This article is an attempt to shed light on these processes often found when looking at children’s informal drawing processes. The importance of these ‘shifting-around’ processes are not always regarded as valuable and related to both modelling and creativity. The relation between modelling in drawing and creativity as part of children´s drawing learning is explored in this article.
Drawing as performance
Authors: Barth Theodor
Published: October 2018

The objective of the present article is to re-work and radically reframe a case study on drawing presented at the E&PDE conference, hosted by OsloMet in the early autumn of 2017. The case study was experimental – involving a drawer, a furniture designer, an MA student (at the time) and an anthropologist. The present article ventures to draw certain learning outcomes from the experiment. These are presently relevant in the context of the heritage of a drawing school founded in 1818 and in the wake of the current activities in artistic research (AR) at the Oslo National Academy of the Arts (KHiO). The focus is on the educational aspects of ‘doing research’. The article queries the relation between drawing, writing and field research in the history of the school and currently in AR.

Keywords: drawing, writing, field research, process, reframing, case study, comparison, first science, third-party readability, non-philosophy.
Hvordan øke bevisstheten om den førspråklige dimensjonen av det kroppslige nærværet i tegning?
Authors: Montarou Christian
Published: October 2018

I tillegg til dialogen som organismen fører med den ytre verden ved hjelp sansene, finnes det under tegneprosessen en uartikulert førspråklig kobling mot de stimuli, som kommer fra den «ikke synlige» indre fornemmende kroppen. Forskningsspørsmålet jeg har valgt å arbeide med i artikkelen er: Hvordan øke bevisstheten om den førspråklige dimensjonen av det kroppslige nærværet i tegning? Dette undersøkes gjennom Merleau Ponty sin tenkning rundt kroppsfenomenologi, Derrida sitt syn på tegneren som blind, psykolog Stern sin tenkning om vitalitetsaffekt. Likeledes inspirasjon fra forskere som Petitmengin med sin mikrofenomenologiske metode, Berger sin pedagogiske tenkning og studier av kroppens rolle i vitenskapelig forskning og ulike forfattere innen kroppskognisjon teori som fremhever betydningen av det førspråklig i tenkning. Forskningsspørsmålet vil også bli belyst ut fra min erfaring som kunstner og som tegnelærer på Institutt for landskapsarkitektur ved NMBU
FormAkademisk 10 år – med forskning på design og designdidaktikk
Authors: Reitan Janne Beate
Published: October 2018

FormAkademisk – forskningstidsskrift for design og designdidaktikk fyller 10 år omtrent på denne tida. I 2017 feira vi 10. årgang og i år er det 10 år siden den første redaksjonen starta sitt arbeid.
A new specimen ofPalvennia hoybergeti: implications for cranial and pectoral girdle anatomy in ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaurs
Authors: Delsett Lene Liebe , Druckenmiller Patrick Scott , Roberts Aubrey Jane , Hurum Jørn Harald
Published: October 2018

The Late Jurassic Slottsmøya Member Lagerstätte on Spitsbergen preserves a diverse array of marine reptiles, including four named taxa of ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaurs. One of these,Palvennia hoybergeti, is based on the single holotype specimen (SVB 1451) with an incomplete skull. A newly discovered specimen (PMO 222.669) with a disarticulated but largely complete skull and anterior postcranium is described, which considerably expands our knowledge of this taxon. Two additional new ophthalmosaurid specimens with pectoral girdles from the same member are described. The taxonomic utility of the ophthalmosaurid pectoral girdle is contentious, and an assessment of seven pectoral girdles from the Slottsmøya Member provides a basis for addressing this question via a 2D landmark principal component analysis of baracromian coracoids. The analysis reveals a taxonomic signal in the coracoids but also highlights the degree of individual variation. Commonly used phylogenetic characters do not fully encapsulate the degree of variation seen in coracoids and in some cases combine analogous features.
Perfusion by delayed time to peak in vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia patients with vertigo
Authors: Peng Yan Fang , Zhang Huai Liang , Zhang Dao Pei , Zhao Min , Zhang Shu Ling , Yin Suo
Published: October 2018

Objective

To investigate the association between the perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) in vertigo patients and at least one vascular risk factor.

Methods

We studied 289 patients with vertigo (spinning, swaying, nausea, vomiting, and unsteady gait) who performed multimode MRI. Maximum diameter and tortuous parameters of the basilar artery and vertebral arteries were calculated using magnetic resonance angiography. Relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF), mean transit time (MTT), and time to peak (TTP) maps were evaluated by dynamic susceptibility contrast‐enhanced perfusion imaging. Association of perfusion MRI and VBD was evaluated by nonparametric tests and receiver‐operating characteristic curve was constructed to predict posterior ischemic stroke in VBD patients.

Results

The prevalence of VBD was 26.6% (n = 77/289) in our study. Male gender was the risk factor of VBD by multivariate analysis. BA diameter was significant statistics between ischemic stroke and nonischemic stroke patients. TTP in bilateral lower cerebellum, superior cerebellum, bilateral pons, and occipital and temporal lobes region of interests was significantly delayed in VBD versus non‐VBD patients, while rCBF, rCBV, and MTT parameters were not significant differences. TTP in the right temporal lobe delayed by 21.96 ms was the best predictive value and the mean TTP predictive threshold value in all ROIs was 22.67 ± 1.48 ms.

Interpretation

VBD leads to the hypoperfusion of posterior circulation territory characterized by delayed TTP. Delayed TTP in cerebellum, pons, and occipital and temporal lobes fed by vertebrobasilar arteries predicted the occurrence of posterior ischemic stroke in VBD patients.
A Tunable Optofluidic Microlaser in a Photostable Conjugated Polymer
Authors: Tang Shui‐Jing , Liu Zhihe , Qian Yan‐Jun , Shi Kebin , Sun Yujie , Wu Changfeng , Gong Qihuang , Xiao Yun‐Feng
Published: October 2018

The optofluidic laser has become an important platform for biological sensing and medical diagnosis. To date, fluorescent dyes and proteins have been widely utilized as gain materials for biological analysis due to their good biocompatibility, but the limited photostability restricts their reliability and sensitivity. Here, an optofluidic microlaser with an ultralow threshold down to 7.8 µJ cm−2 in the ultrahigh‐Q whispering‐gallery microcavity, which is filled with a biocompatible conjugated polymer, is demonstrated. This conjugated polymer exhibits a significant enhancement in the lasing stability compared with a typical laser dye (Nile red). In the experiment, after 20 min of illumination with the excitation intensity of 23.2 MW cm−2, the lasing intensity of the conjugated polymer experiences a decrease of less than 10%, while the lasing feature of Nile red completely disappears. Additionally, by mechanically stretching the resonator, the lasing frequency can be fine‐tuned with the range of about 2 nm, exceeding the free spectral range of the resonator.
Wafer‐Scale Fabrication of Ultrathin Flexible Electronic Systems via Capillary‐Assisted Electrochemical Delamination
Authors: Zhang Heng , Liu Youdi , Yang Chao , Xiang Li , Hu Youfan , Peng Lian‐Mao
Published: October 2018

Electronic systems on ultrathin polymer films are generally processed with rigid supporting substrates during fabrication, followed by delamination and transfer to the targeted working areas. The challenge associated with an efficient and innocuous delamination operation is one of the major hurdles toward high‐performance ultrathin flexible electronics at large scale. Herein, a facile, rapid, damage‐free approach is reported for detachment of wafer‐scale ultrathin electronic foils from Si wafers by capillary‐assisted electrochemical delamination (CAED). Anodic etching and capillary action drive an electrolyte solution to penetrate and split the polymer/Si interface, leading to complete peel‐off of the electronic foil with a 100% success rate. The delamination speed can be controlled by the applied voltage and salt concentration, reaching a maximum value of 1.66 mm s−1 at 20 V using 2 m NaCl solution. Such a process incurs neither mechanical damage nor chemical contamination; therefore, the delaminated electronic systems remain intact, as demonstrated by high‐performance carbon nanotube (CNT)‐based thin‐film transistors and integrated circuits constructed on a 5.5 cm × 5.0 cm parylene‐based film with 4 µm thickness. Furthermore, the CAED strategy can be applied for prevalent polymer films and confers great flexibility and capability for designing and manufacturing diverse ultrathin electronic systems.
Total Synthesis of Divergolides E and H
Authors: Caplan Scott M. , Floreancig Paul E.
Published: October 2018

This manuscript describes the first total syntheses of divergolides E and H. The route employs a telescoped hetero‐Diels–Alder and oxidative carbon–hydrogen bond cleavage as an entry into the central bridged bicyclic acetal unit. Additional key steps of the highly convergent route include a desymmetrizing epoxidation, a chelation‐controlled alkenylzinc addition, an amide formation between a hindered aniline and an acylating agent that is prone to ketene formation, and a challenging macrolactonization.
Synthesis, theoretical investigations, biocidal screening, DNA binding, in vitro cytotoxicity and molecular docking of novel Cu (II), Pd (II) and Ag (I) complexes of chlorobenzylidene Schiff base: Promising antibiotic and anticancer agents
Authors: Abdel‐Rahman Laila H. , Adam Mohamed Shaker S. , Abu‐Dief Ahmed M. , Moustafa H. , Basha Maram T. , Aboraia Ahmed S. , Al‐Farhan Badriah Saad , Ahmed Hanan El‐Sayed
Published: October 2018

Three new Cu (II), Pd (II) and Ag (I) complexes of bidentate Schiff base ligand 2‐[(4‐chlorobenzylidene)amino] phenol (HL) were synthesized. The stoichiometric ratios and physicochemical properties of these complexes were determined using elemental analyses, magnetic measurements, infrared and UV–visible spectra, molar conductivity measurements and thermal analyses. The results revealed that the metal ions coordinated with through azomethine nitrogen and phenolic oxygen atoms. AgL and PdL complexes are present in a 1:1 molar ratio with square planar and tetrahedral geometry, respectively, while CuL2 complex is present in a 1:2 molar ratio with octahedral geometry. The electronic structure and nonlinear optical parameters of HL and the studied 1:1 and 1:2 complexes were investigated theoretically at the DFT‐B3LYP/6‐311G** level of theory. The compounds were screened against various strains of bacteria and fungi. They displayed good results for inhibition against the studied pathogenic microorganisms. Absorption spectroscopic, viscosity and gel electrophoresis measurements were used for studying the interaction of the prepared complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT‐DNA). The studied complexes showed a good interaction with CT‐DNA via intercalation and groove modes. Moreover, molecular docking of these complexes was studied to understand the drug–DNA interactions and calculate the potential binding mode and energy. The anticancer effects of HL and its complexes, on selected human carcinoma cell lines, were determined. The cytotoxicity results showed that the prepared complexes are more potent than the Schiff base ligand.