bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possibility of decentralisation during the year of pandemic: what does the analysis of public budgets reveal?
Authors: Zubarevich N.V.
Published: October 2021

In the year of the pandemic transfers from the federal to the regional budgets increased by 50 per cent which led to an increase in budget revenues in most regions and made regional budgets more dependent on federal support. The proportion of earmarked transfers (subventions and subsidies) increased, making reassignment of budgetary funds difficult. The regions were forced to spend additional money on designated projects only, which resulted in further centralisation of budget management. The transfer calculation became less transparent, additional transfers were not linked to the decrease in regional budgets’ own revenues. Before the pandemic, «geopolitically» important regions had been prioritised for federal transfers. In 2020 interpretation of transfer distribution became much more difficult due to the lack of coordination between various federal ministries in their transfer calculations. Budget federalism in Russia had been limited to some freedom in choosing expenditure priorities for the regions, but in the year of the pandemic these opportunities dwindled. Health expenditure and social protectionbecame common priorities because a lot of additional transfers were earmarked for these purposes. Other regional priorities differed but most regions subsidised utility tariffs and increased spending on national economy in order to reach targets of the Presidential Decree. Hopes of decentralisation of the Russian budget system during the pandemic did not come true and regional dependence on the federal authorities increased.
On the factors and features of fertility dynamics and regional differentiation in post-Soviet Russia
Authors: Fedorov G.M.
Published: October 2021

After a sharp decline in the birth rate in the crisis 1990s, and its subsequent rise in 2000–2015, starting in 2016, the birth rate has declined again. Its territorial differences are great. These and other problems of demographic development actualize geodemographic research, the results of which are necessary to improve strategic and spatial planning. The article analyzes the course of changes in the fertility process in 2000–2020, typologizes regions in terms of the size and dynamics of the birth rate depending on changes in the total fertility rate and the share of women aged 20-34 in the total population. It evaluates as well the role of the dynamics of real incomes of the population and the effectiveness of the maternity capital program. It is shown that the directions of changes in the rate of population reproduction (growth or decline) in all regions, with significant quantitative differences, have common qualitative features. It is shown that the directions of changes in the rate of population reproduction (growth or decline) in all regions, with significant quantitative differences, have common qualitative features. State statistics data were used. The authors carried out the study using the methods of combined groupings, correlation and economic-cartographic analysis. The results can be used in the practice of government and administrative authorities to differentiate regional policy in accordance with the specifics of the reproduction of the population of the regions.
RECEPCIJA KNJIŽEVNOG TEKSTA U MODELIMA INOVATIVNE NASTAVE I VERBALNA KREATIVNOST UČENIKA MLAĐEG ŠKOLSKOG UZRASTA
Authors: Dragić Želimir
Published: October 2021

Iako se govorništvo, jezičko stvaralaštvo i verbalna nadarenost mogu učiti i usavršavati u sociokulturnoj sredini u kojoj ličnost egzistira, tom razvoju itekako doprinosi čitanje. Čitanjem književnih tekstova bogati se rječnik i jezička kultura, šire čitalački vidici i podstiče jezička kreativnost. Oslanjajući se na postavke teorije recepcije, teorije inovativno-razvijajuće nastave i nalaza tangentnih istraživanja, razvijene su teorijske osnove recepcije i mikroplanovi obrade književnog teksta u dva modela inovativne razredne nastave (nastava različitih nivoa složenosti ‒ NRNS i responsibilna nastava ‒ RN). Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrđivanje uticaja recepcije književnih tekstova u inovativnim modelima nastave (NRNS i RN) na postignuća učenika petog razreda u verbalnoj kreativnosti (jezičkoj produkciji), u odnosu na uobičajen rad na književnom tekstu. Tokom realizacije jednogodišnjeg eksperimentalnog programa učenici petog razreda osnovne škole recipirali su književne tekstove u kontekstu jednog inovativnog modela razredne nastave i u uobičajenoj nastavi književnosti. Učenici eksperimentalnih grupa (E1 i E2) postigli su u najvećem broju slučajeva veće rezultate na finalnom mjerenju u verbalnoj kreativnosti, od učenika kontrolnih grupa (K1 i K2). Rezultati ovog eksperimentalno-metodičkog istraživanja mogu biti značajan doprinos unapređivanju rada na književnom tekstu u nastavi, podsticanju verbalne kreativnosti učenika i daljem razvoju metodike nastave književnosti na mlađem školskom uzrastu.
НАСТАВA ЕТИКЕ И МОРАЛНО ВАСПИТАЊЕ УЧЕНИКА И СТУДЕНАТА
Authors: Стојановић Горан
Published: October 2021

У овом раду одређује се улогу наставе етике у моралном васпитању ученика и студената кроз низ изазовних проблема стављених пред етичко образовање. Почевши још од Сократа који читаву филозофију своди на етичку проблематику до данас је остало актуелно питање може ли се етика научити. Аутор показује да настава етике директно утиче на развој моралног расуђивања и моралних емоција, па тиме индиректно кроз слободан избор ученика и на његово морално понашање. Приказане су најутицајније теорије моралног развоја и изражена потреба холистичког приступа који би обухватио све компоненте морала. Морално васпитање у основној школи обавља се кроз разредну наставу и предмет Филозофија за дјецу. У средњој школи на часовима Филозофије и изборног предмета Етике, а на универзитету кроз предмет Увод у етику или Професионална етика. Децидно су одређени смисао и циљеви етичког образовања у основном, средњошколском и универзитетском образовању. Продискутоване су традиционалне и иновативне методе примјерене за наставу етике са посебним нагласком на студију случаја и групну дебату, кроз подједнако излагање етичких теорија и проблема примијењене етике. Скренута је пажња на грешке и тешкоће у настави етике попут индоктринације и процјене исхода учења. Уочени су недостаци нашег образовног система у погледу етичког образовања и предложени кораци његовог побољшања.
A beta-glucosidase of an insect herbivore determines both toxicity and deterrence of a dandelion defense metabolite
Authors: Huber Meret , Roder Thomas , Irmisch Sandra , Riedel Alexander , Gablenz Saskia , Fricke Julia , Rahfeld Peter , Reichelt Michael , Paetz Christian , Liechti Nicole , Hu Lingfei , Bont Zoe , Meng Ye , Huang Wei , Robert Christelle AM , Gershenzon Jonathan , Erb Matthias
Published: October 2021

Gut enzymes can metabolize plant defense compounds and thereby affect the growth and fitness of insect herbivores. Whether these enzymes also influence feeding preference is largely unknown. We studied the metabolization of taraxinic acid β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (TA-G), a sesquiterpene lactone of the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) that deters its major root herbivore, the common cockchafer larva (Melolontha melolontha). We have demonstrated that TA-G is rapidly deglucosylated and conjugated to glutathione in the insect gut. A broad-spectrum M. melolontha β-glucosidase, Mm_bGlc17, is sufficient and necessary for TA-G deglucosylation. Using cross-species RNA interference, we have shown that Mm_bGlc17 reduces TA-G toxicity. Furthermore, Mm_bGlc17 is required for the preference of M. melolontha larvae for TA-G-deficient plants. Thus, herbivore metabolism modulates both the toxicity and deterrence of a plant defense compound. Our work illustrates the multifaceted roles of insect digestive enzymes as mediators of plant-herbivore interactions.
Transcription initiation at a consensus bacterial promoter proceeds via a ‘bind-unwind-load-and-lock’ mechanism
Authors: Mazumder Abhishek , Ebright Richard H , Kapanidis Achillefs N
Published: October 2021

Transcription initiation starts with unwinding of promoter DNA by RNA polymerase (RNAP) to form a catalytically competent RNAP-promoter complex (RPo). Despite extensive study, the mechanism of promoter unwinding has remained unclear, in part due to the transient nature of intermediates on path to RPo. Here, using single-molecule unwinding-induced fluorescence enhancement to monitor promoter unwinding, and single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer to monitor RNAP clamp conformation, we analyse RPo formation at a consensus bacterial core promoter. We find that the RNAP clamp is closed during promoter binding, remains closed during promoter unwinding, and then closes further, locking the unwound DNA in the RNAP active-centre cleft. Our work defines a new, ‘bind-unwind-load-and-lock’, model for the series of conformational changes occurring during promoter unwinding at a consensus bacterial promoter and provides the tools needed to examine the process in other organisms and at other promoters.
Switch-like and persistent memory formation in individual Drosophila larvae
Authors: Lesar Amanda , Tahir Javan , Wolk Jason , Gershow Marc
Published: October 2021

Associative learning allows animals to use past experience to predict future events. The circuits underlying memory formation support immediate and sustained changes in function, often in response to a single example. Larval Drosophila is a genetic model for memory formation that can be accessed at molecular, synaptic, cellular, and circuit levels, often simultaneously, but existing behavioral assays for larval learning and memory do not address individual animals, and it has been difficult to form long-lasting memories, especially those requiring synaptic reorganization. We demonstrate a new assay for learning and memory capable of tracking the changing preferences of individual larvae. We use this assay to explore how activation of a pair of reward neurons changes the response to the innately aversive gas carbon dioxide (CO2). We confirm that when coupled to CO2 presentation in appropriate temporal sequence, optogenetic reward reduces avoidance of CO2. We find that learning is switch-like: all-or-none and quantized in two states. Memories can be extinguished by repeated unrewarded exposure to CO2 but are stabilized against extinction by repeated training or overnight consolidation. Finally, we demonstrate long-lasting protein synthesis dependent and independent memory formation.
A pre-screening strategy to assess resected tumor margins by imaging cytoplasmic viscosity and hypoxia
Authors: Huang Hui , Lin Youpei , Ma Wenrui , Liu Jiannan , Han Jing , Hu Xiaoyi , Tang Meilin , Yan Shiqiang , Abudupataer Mieradilijiang , Zhang Chenping , Gao Qiang , Zhang Weijia
Published: October 2021

To assure complete tumor removal, frozen section analysis is the most common procedure for intraoperative pathological assessment of resected tumor margins. However, during one operation, multiple biopsies may be sent for examination, but only few of them are made into cryosections because of the complex preparation protocols and time-consuming pathological analysis, which potentially increases the risk of overlooking tumor involvement. Here, we propose a fluorescence-based pre-screening strategy that allows high-throughput, convenient, and fast gross assessment of resected tumor margins. A dual-activatable cationic fluorescent molecular rotor was developed to specifically illuminate live tumor cells’ cytoplasm by emitting two different fluorescence signals in response to elevations in hypoxia-induced nitroreductase (a biochemical marker) and cytoplasmic viscosity (a biophysical marker), two characteristics of cancer cells. The ability of the fluorescent molecular rotor in detecting tumor cells was evaluated in mouse and human specimens of multiple tissues by comparing with hematoxylin and eosin staining. Importantly, the fluorescent molecular rotor achieved 100 % specificity in discriminating lung and liver cancers from normal tissue, allowing pre-screening of the tumor-free surgical margins and promoting clinical decision. Altogether, this type of fluorescent molecular rotor and the proposed strategy may serve as a new option to facilitate intraoperative assessment of resected tumor margins.
Pathogen clonal expansion underlies multiorgan dissemination and organ-specific outcomes during murine systemic infection
Authors: Hullahalli Karthik , Waldor Matthew K
Published: October 2021

The dissemination of pathogens through blood and their establishment within organs lead to severe clinical outcomes. However, the within-host dynamics that underlie pathogen spread to and clearance from systemic organs remain largely uncharacterized. In animal models of infection, the observed pathogen population results from the combined contributions of bacterial replication, persistence, death, and dissemination, each of which can vary across organs. Quantifying the contribution of each these processes is required to interpret and understand experimental phenotypes. Here, we leveraged STAMPR, a new barcoding framework, to investigate the population dynamics of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli, a common cause of bacteremia, during murine systemic infection. We show that while bacteria are largely cleared by most organs, organ-specific clearance failures are pervasive and result from dramatic expansions of clones representing less than 0.0001% of the inoculum. Clonal expansion underlies the variability in bacterial burden between animals, and stochastic dissemination of clones profoundly alters the pathogen population structure within organs. Despite variable pathogen expansion events, host bottlenecks are consistent yet highly sensitive to infection variables, including inoculum size and macrophage depletion. We adapted our barcoding methodology to facilitate multiplexed validation of bacterial fitness determinants identified with transposon mutagenesis and confirmed the importance of bacterial hexose metabolism and cell envelope homeostasis pathways for organ-specific pathogen survival. Collectively, our findings provide a comprehensive map of the population biology that underlies bacterial systemic infection and a framework for barcode-based high-resolution mapping of infection dynamics.
USP28 deletion and small-molecule inhibition destabilizes c-MYC and elicits regression of squamous cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Ruiz E Josue , Pinto-Fernandez Adan , Turnbull Andrew P , Lan Linxiang , Charlton Thomas M , Scott Hannah C , Damianou Andreas , Vere George , Riising Eva M , Da Costa Clive , Krajewski Wojciech W , Guerin David , Kearns Jeffrey D , Ioannidis Stephanos , Katz Marie , McKinnon Crystal , O'Connell Jonathan , Moncaut Natalia , Rosewell Ian , Nye Emma , Jones Neil , Heride Claire , Gersch Malte , Wu Min , Dinsmore Christopher J , Hammonds Tim R , Kim Sunkyu , Komander David , Urbe Sylvie , Clague Michael J , Kessler Benedikt M , Behrens Axel
Published: October 2021

Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a considerable global health burden, with an incidence of over 600,000 cases per year. Treatment options are limited, and patient’s 5-year survival rate is less than 5%. The ubiquitin-specific protease 28 (USP28) has been implicated in tumourigenesis through its stabilization of the oncoproteins c-MYC, c-JUN, and Δp63. Here, we show that genetic inactivation of Usp28-induced regression of established murine LSCC lung tumours. We developed a small molecule that inhibits USP28 activity in the low nanomole range. While displaying cross-reactivity against the closest homologue USP25, this inhibitor showed a high degree of selectivity over other deubiquitinases. USP28 inhibitor treatment resulted in a dramatic decrease in c-MYC, c-JUN, and Δp63 proteins levels and consequently induced substantial regression of autochthonous murine LSCC tumours and human LSCC xenografts, thereby phenocopying the effect observed by genetic deletion. Thus, USP28 may represent a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of squamous cell lung carcinoma.
Information Seeking Behaviour for Adoption of Tnau Released Rice Varieties
Authors: Jeevapriya A. , Pushpa J. , Ramakrishnan K. , Prabakaran K.
Published: October 2021

Aim: This study aims to study the information seeking behavior of the respondents from various information sources and credibility of the information regarding TNAU released rice varieties.

Study Design: Ex-post facto research design.

Place and Duration of the Study: The present study was conducted in two blocks namely Melur and Madurai East blocks of Madurai district in Tamil Nadu. The study was conducted during July and August 2021.

Methodology: 120 paddy growers from Melur and Madurai east blocks were randomly selected and interviewed using a pre-tested interview schedule to study the information seeking behavior of the farmers for the adoption Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU) released rice varieties.

Results: Outcomes showed that cent percent of the respondents are getting information from their friends regarding newer varieties. 96.67 percent of the respondents seeks information from Agricultural Officers (AOs) whereas only 5.83 percent seek information from Agricultural Scientists. In recent days, farmers have started using various mass media sources like TV, Portals, websites, mobile apps and Kisan Call centers. The highest credibility of 93.33 percent score were obtained from Friends in personal localite source and 84.21 percent credibility was noted for the information from AOs in cosmopolite source. Also, cent percent credibility noted for Kisan call center amongst the respondents and less credibility observed for internet sources like websites and portals.It could be interpreted that the majority farmers was technologically illiterate to use e-sources like mobile apps, portals etc. as they had very less years of formal education.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that the information sources can be designed based on farmers needs and preferences. And information gap should be reduced.
Understanding Learner Behaviour in Online Courses through Learning Analytics
Authors: Raju D. Thammi , Murthy G. R. K. , Khade S. B. , Padmaja B. , Yashavanth B. S. , Kumar S. Ajay , Soam S. K. , Srinivasarao Ch.
Published: October 2021

Building an effective online course requires an understanding of learning analytics. The study assumes significance in the COVID 19 pandemic situation as there is a sudden surge in online courses. Analysis of the online course using the data generated from the Moodle Learning Management System (LMS), Google Forms and Google Analytics was carried out to understand the tenants of an effective online course. About 515 learners participated in the initial pre-training needs & expectations’ survey and 472 learners gave feedback at the end, apart from the real-time data generated from LMS and Google Analytics during the course period. This case study analysed online learning behaviour and the supporting learning environment and suggest critical factors to be at the centre stage in the design and development of online courses; leads to the improved online learning experience and thus the quality of education. User needs, quality of resources and effectiveness of online courses are equally important in taking further online courses.
Existing Nutritional Practices of Rural Women in Assam, India
Authors: Gohain Ingita , Sarmah Juliana , Nath Dipak
Published: October 2021

Health and nutritional status of Indian women are worsening due to the prevailing culture and traditional practices in India. Indian women are generally vulnerable to poor nutrition, especially during pregnancy and lactation. It has been pointed out that the impact of nutritional status of the mother is more pervasive than the impact of other factors on birth weight. The study was carried out in the state of Assam (India) with 270 randomly selected rural women of 3 districts, viz., Tinsukia, Nagaon and Barpeta districts to find the existing practice of respondents on nutrition. Majority of the respondents (67.41%) belonged to ‘moderate’ category of practices regarding nutrition followed by 21.85 percent of respondents belonged to ‘poor category’ of practices in Assam. Majority of the respondents belonged to ‘moderate category’ of practice on nutrition, namely Barpeta (61.11%), Nagaon (63.33%) and Tinsukia (62.22%). It may be concluded that healthy lifestyle and high intake of nutritious food can provide good health throughout life to the humans. The poor nutrition and unawareness of health facilities during the childhood and reproductive age are the major factors responsible for the poor health status.
The Effect of Farm Attachment Programme (FAP) Design Attributes on Experiential Learning Ability among Egerton University Students
Authors: W. Chege Nancy , M. Ombati Justus , W. Mungai Nancy
Published: October 2021

The Farm attachment programme (FAP) of Egerton University was established six years ago to promote learning by “reflection on doing” commonly known as Experiential Learning (EL), among students. However, effectiveness of experiential learning is dependent on possession of certain abilities known as experiential learning abilities (ELAs) including willingness to get actively involved in learning experiences and ability to reflect, analyze, solve problems and make decisions on learnt experiences. Egerton University students’ ELAs and FAP design attributes have never been assessed for the purpose of enhancing experiential learning. This study aimed at determining levels ELAs among the students and assessing the effects of FAP design attributes on these abilities. The study adopted a cross sectional survey design targeting a population of 600 students and their host farmers. Systematic random sampling procedure was employed to select 102 students to participate in the survey. A 5-point continuum scale was used to rate gathered indicators to measure ELAs. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Students ELA Levels were found to be low (M= 2.79, SD = 0.51). The following FAP design attributes were found to have a significant effect on ELAs: Students’ prior agricultural knowledge levels (F (2.94) = 3.816), P =0.02) with an effect size of 8%, gender (F (1,96) = 4.312, P = .037), with an effect size of 4.4% Students study programme departments, (F (6,91) =2.652, =.011), with an effect size of 16.4%, Year of attachment (F (3,94) =4.206, P= .008), with an effect size of 11.8%. Among the host farmer attributes, income level of the farmer was found to have a significant effect on students’ ELAs (F (2, 94) =3.920, p=.026).  FAP structure and implementation had significant effects on experiential learning ability (F (2,94) =4.309) P= .016; F (2,94) =8.51, P <.001) and effect sizes of 8.4% and 13.9% respectively. The results showed that the ELA levels were low among students and certain FAP design attributes had a significant (at 5% level of significance) effect on the learning abilities.
Nursing Students’ Perceptions of Barriers to Standard Hand Hygiene Practice Amidst COVID-19 in the Tamale Teaching Hospital of Ghana: A Study conducted on First Degree Rotation Nurses of University for Development Studies
Authors: Nukpezah Ruth Nimota , Basit Issaka , Osman Ayuba , Wuffele Gifty Mary , Aziza Baba Freeman , Asumadu Obed Duah Kwaku , Peprah Wisdom , Yula Salifu , Opoku Asare Richard
Published: October 2021

Background: Hand hygiene is recognized as the leading measure to prevent cross-transmission of COVID-19. The compliance of nurses with handwashing guidelines is vital in preventing COVID-19 disease transmission among patients. Globally, few studies have explored this subject, especially on the nursing students’ perceptions and barriers of standard hand hygiene precautionary measures amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. 

Purpose: The study aimed to assess the perceptions and barriers associated with standard hand hygiene practice during the COVID-19 era among first degree nursing students undertaking their clinical rotation at the Tamale Teaching Hospital of Ghana. This study was conducted in April 2021.   

Materials and methods: The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach. The study population consisted of first degree student nurses of the University for Development Studies who were on clinical rotation at the Tamale Teaching Hospital in the Northern Region of Ghana. The exclusion criteria were nursing students from other tertiary institutions who were having their vacation practicum at the hospital. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants from the wards of the hospital.

A standard statistical formula was used to arrive at a sample size of 120. Data was collected by using a paper-based self-designed structured questionnaire in English language that has closed- and open-ended questions. Descriptive statistics involving frequencies and percentages were used in representing data.

By using a chi-square test, a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant when the association between independent and dependent variables was cross-tabulated. The statistical software that was used for analyzing the data was SPSS version 23.     

Results: The study had a total of 120 participants with a mean age of 26.48 and a standard deviation of 3.49. On the distribution of perception about hand hygiene, findings indicated that 105 (87.5%) had good perception. Religion and sex respectively were significantly associated with hand hygiene perceptions (χ2= 13.118, p=0.011; χ2=12.49, p=0.014).

Conclusion: Though few of the student nurses had a satisfactory perception regarding hand hygiene, it is a cause to worry about since there exist other barriers influencing standard hand hygiene practices at the Tamale Teaching Hospital.

Recommendation: There is the need for the quality assurance unit of the hospital to ensure strict compliance to COVID-19 protocols by all categories of health professionals by seeing to it that standard hand hygiene practices are adhered to, irrespective of religious background.
Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Eichhornia crassipes and Pennisetum purpureum as Potential Source of Sustainable Drilling Mud Additives
Authors: Emenike I. U. , Leo C. Osuji, , Onojake M. C.
Published: October 2021

Cellulose extracted from Eichhornia crassipe (Water hyacinth) and Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass) yielded 21.88% and 31.39% respectively. Cellulose extracted was used to synthesize carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) under heterogeneous condition with ethanol as the supporting medium. Effect of concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on the modification of cellulose to yield CMC was investigated. It was observed that percentage CMC yield increased with increase in NaOH concentration. Comparative studies of the two biomass samples through physico-chemical analyses in terms of degree of substitution (DS), water absorption capacity, water loss, pH, conductivity and analytical characterization using SEM-EDX, FT-IR and EDXRF spectroscopy of the extracted cellulose and synthesized CMC were done. The DS of CMC obtained by alkalization reaction of cellulose from E. crassipe and P. purpureum with monochloroacetic acid was in the range of 0.54-0.75 which showed that it is highly soluble. Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometer showed changes of functional group from cellulose to CMC. The absorption at 3283 cm-1 and 3320 cm-1 as observed in E. crassipe and P. purpureum spectra showed OH vibration of polymeric compounds. The presence of bands at 1592 cm-1 and 1417 cm-1 in E. crassipe spectrum and bands at 1566 cm-1 and 1410 cm-1 observed in P. purpureum spectrum showed the presence of –COO group as a result of carboxymethylation reaction on cellulose during modification process. EDXRF was applied for quality control and product development due to the unavailability of the elemental composition of elephant grass and water hyacinth in the literature. The morphology and elemental compositions on the surface of the biomass were analyzed by SEM-EDX and among the chemical elements detected were C, O, Na, Mg, Al, S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe Si and Zr which confirms the elements identified with EDXRF spectroscopy. XRF spectra show high peaks at Fe, K and Sn for untreated P. purpureum samples and high peaks at Ca, Fe and Sr for untreated E. crassipe fiber. Both samples are rich in Iron (Fe). Samples were free from some toxic elements such as Pb, As, Hg, V and Ni which makes them safe for use as novel raw materials for industrial applications. Also very low concentration of Sulphur in the samples, make them safe to be considered as additives in drilling mud formulation.
The Role of Cloud Computing Fashionable the Strategic Growth of Business Enterprises in India
Authors: Essah Richard
Published: October 2021

In this 21st Century technology extent of time and worldwide integration, various narrow and medium enterprises exist adopting cloud calculate for their trade operations. Cloud calculate exist an increasing information in visible form Centre technology in accordance with the becoming more intense traffic connected to the internet fashionable the period of the Internet of Things (IoT). These electronics outwit the defect of conventional servers for speed, scalability and effectiveness. However, skilled exist still narrow enterprises that exist undecided of the appropriate of cloud computing time in military operation fashionable trade movement. Thus, this paper is inscribed to survey the views of person who is very involved in education and learning about the benefits of cloud computing rite of a fashionable trade movement that motivate bureaucracy to legally care for business enterprise. The aims of the study include to ascertain the benefits of cloud to small-scale enterprises in India, to determine the challenges facing cloud users and to unravel the strategies that can improve the strategic growth of cloud users in India enterprises.  The researcher used a case study design and a qualitative research approach. The place of the study is Chandigarh University of India and Busy Network company in India.
Hepatic Enzyme Effects of an Imperata cylindrica Extract
Authors: Nwokike M. O. , Ghasi S. I. , Ogbuagu E. C. , Ezenwaeze M. N. , Ajirioghene Akpotu E.
Published: October 2021

This study was performed to investigate the effects of aqueous Imperata cylindrica root extract on hepatic enzyme levels of alloxan-induced diabetic male Wistar rats. Forty (48) male wistar rats were divided into six groups consisting of eight animals each. Diabetes mellitus was induced using intraperitoneal administration 150 mg/kg body weight of alloxan and treatment was carried out for a period of 28 days. The first group served as the normal control and received only feed and water ad libitum. In Group 2 were diabetic rats without treatment with extracts. Group 3: diabetic rats treated with 200 mg/kg aqueous Imperata cylindrica root extract. Group 4: diabetic rats treated with 400mg/kg aqueous Imperata cylindrica root extract. Group 5: diabetic rats treated with 600mg/kg ethanol extract of aqueous Imperata cylindrica root extract. While Group 6 was diabetic rats treated with 0.5mg/kg Glibenclamide. The liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly (p < 0.05) changed in rats treated with Alloxan (150mg/kg b.w.) while treatment with the respective dosages of extracts significantly changed the levels of these parameters to normal. The results obtained indicate that the different doses of aqueous Imperata cylindrica root extracts were beneficial in mending damages to the liver caused by Alloxan monohydrate in the male wistar rats.
Picard and Adomian Solutions of a Nonlocal Cauchy Problem of a Delay Dierential Equation
Authors: Ziada E. A. A.
Published: October 2021

In this paper, two methods are used to solve a nonlocal Cauchy problem of a delay differential equation; Adomian decomposition method (ADM) and Picard method. The existence and uniqueness of the solution are proved. The convergence of the series solution and the error analysis are studied.
Heavy Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Commonly Consumed Crayfish in Nigeria and Health Risk Implications
Authors: Nwaichi E. O. , Ibiama B. G. , Akaninwor J. O.
Published: October 2021

Heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are common environmental pollutants. Its increased presence in the aquatic environment has raised serious concerns about its effect on aquatic life and by extension, a man who is at the apex of the food chain. This research investigated the concentrations of selected heavy metals (Lead, Nickel, Cadmium and Chromium) and PAHs in two species of commonly consumed crayfish in Nigeria and their health risk implications. Wet digestion procedure and atomic absorption spectrometry were used for heavy metal determination while the United States environmental protection agency (USEPA) test method for evaluation of solid waste was used for PAHs analysis. Results showed that Pb, Ni and Cd in both species of crayfish were above tolerable limits. The mean level for Ni in Litopenaeus setiferus was 3.0630.116mg/kg and 5.1571.676mg/kg in Litopenaeus stylirostris. The mean value for Cd in L. setiferus was 0.8330.070 mg/kg and 0.6000.025 mg/kg for L.stylirostris. The mean value for Pb in L. setiferus was 4.5500.656mg/kg and 3.6430.486 mg/kg in L. stylirostris. Mean values for Cr in L. setiferus was 0.0870.082 mg/kg and 0.000 mg/kg in L. stylirostris. Mean PAHs concentrations in L. setiferus and L. stylirostris were 0.0036±0.002 ppm and 0.0083±0.004 ppm respectively. Health risk assessment revealed an increasing health risk due to the consumption of both species of crayfish. Results for PAHs in both species of crayfish showed compliance with set limits. Its presence in fish food however suggests possible health concerns especially with regards to their carcinogenic tendencies. Anthropogenic activities should be closely monitored as bioaccumulation along the food chain is implicated.
Assessment of Vulnerability in Different Districts of Chhattisgarh with Reference to Climate Change
Authors: Yadu Avinash , Das G. K. , Puranik H. V. , Lakhera M. L. , Pathak H.
Published: October 2021

The present study was conducted at department of Agrometeorology, IGKV Raipur (C.G.) during 2019-2021, to assess the district level vulnerability in different districts of Chhattisgarh with reference to climate change. The data on various components was collected from the Census department of Chhattisgarh (2001 and 2011), department of Agrometeorology, Raipur and the report of Directorate of Economics & Statistics Raipur, C.G. for the period 2000 to 2018 and divided into three different periods 2000-2005, 2006-2010 and 2011-2018 as districts increased. We have used the Hiremath and Shiyani methodology to prepare vulnerability index. The outcome of study indicates that the agricultural sector played major role and contributing significantly to quantify the vulnerability followed by climatic and demographic indicators during all most three periods which was considered for the study. During the period 2000-2005, the results indicates that district Dantewada ranked 1st followed by korba and Mahasamund district. While, district Surguja falls under least vulnerable followed by Durg and Raipur district. During the study period 2006-2010, district Bijapur observed in 1st position followed by Dantewada and korba districts. Whereas, district Durg was supposed to be least vulnerable followed by Surguja and Bilaspur district. During the period 2011-2018, district Sukma ranked 1st rank followed by Dantewada and Narayanpur districts. While, district Dhamtari belongs to least vulnerable followed by Balrampur and Janjgir-champa.

On the basis of degree of vulnerability during year 2000-2005, out of 16 districts the 2 and 12 districts were falls under very highly vulnerable and highly vulnerable category, respectively. While, only 2 districts were belong to vulnerable category. During year 2006-2010, out of 18 districts the 5, 11 and 2 districts were supposed to be very highly vulnerable, highly vulnerable category and vulnerable category, respectively. During year 2011-18, out of 27 districts the 9 and 18 districts were belongs to very highly vulnerable and highly vulnerable category. We have not found less and moderately vulnerable districts during the period 2000-2005 and 2006-2010, while only two viz., highly vulnerable and very highly vulnerable districts found during the period 2011-2018.
The Pattern of Common Cholesterol Fractions in Stroke Patients
Authors: Nkemdilim Ijoma Uchenna , Birinus A. Ezeala-Adikaibe , Fintan Ekochin , Okoye Innocent Chukwuemeka , Nkiru Pauline Onodugo , Esther Ekwe , Obinna Onodugo
Published: October 2021

Aims/Purpose: The aim of this study was therefore to document the frequency and pattern of serum cholesterol in stroke patients admitted in a tertiary hospital in Enugu.

Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out at Enugu State University Teaching Hospital Enugu. Serum cholesterol levels were classified based on the current international cut off points for people with cardiovascular disease. Statistical analysis of data was carried out using SPSS version 22.

Results: Data from a total of 180 subjects were collected and analyzed. The mean (sd) of serum cholesterol fractions and their distributions are: Low density lipoprotein 2.4± 1.18 mmol/l, High density lipoprotein, 1.17± 0.62 mmol/l, Total Cholesterol, 4.43± 1.34 mmol/l, and triglycerides 1.21±0.77 mmol/L. HDL-cholesterol was significantly lower in patients 50 years and older. P=0.02. A total of 12 (6.7%) of the patients had high levels of LDL, 92(51.1%) had poor levels of HDL. Between stroke types, 10(7.2%) of patients with ischemic stroke had high serum LDL compared to 2(4.8%) with hemorrhagic stroke p= 0.32. Among those with hemorrhagic stroke, 22(52.4%) had poor levels of HDL compared to 70(50.7%) of those with ischemic stroke p= 0.17. Total cholesterol and triglycerides were also found in a higher proportion of those with ischemic stroke than hemorrhagic although these differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusions: There mean level of serum LDL, HDL and TC are higher in stroke patients than recommended values. Current recommended universal use of statins after stroke should be encouraged in both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
Factors Influencing the Learning of Class XII Science: A Perspectives of Students
Authors: Wangdi Norbu , Chhoden Sonam , Chhetri Madan , Tenzin Sangay
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing students’ higher secondary level science performance in one of the higher secondary schools of Bhutan. A total of 150 students were selected through purposive sampling. The sample includes both current classes XI and XII and former class XII graduates of the school. Through the use of mixed method research design, the data were collected using survey questionaries and interview in focus group. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics techniques and qualitative based on themes. The result of the study showed that the science performance of students were negatively affected by the inadequate support from school administration, lack of experienced and dedicated teachers and, poor supports from parents and relatives of the students. Thus, this study recommends school administration to take extra initiative towards improving students’ academic performance and teachers to explore different teaching pedagogies that can stimulate students’ interest towards learning science.
Flood Vulnerability Assessment on Selected Communities in Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria, Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques
Authors: Wali E. , Phil-Eze P. O. , Wizor C. H. , Abdullahi M. , Afolabi O. O. , Eze Ihunda. C. , Bosco-Abiahu L. C.
Published: October 2021

A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry. Flooding may occur as an overflow of water from water bodies, such as river, lake or ocean, in which the water overtops or breaks levees, resulting in some of that water escaping its usual boundaries, or it may occur due to an accumulation of rain water on saturated ground in an area. To find out the most vulnerable communities, the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and location data of selected communities were used. The Image Re-class and Map Overlay were performed on QGIS software to identify communities that are most affected. The result shows that the region has no river channel that discharge excess water easily. It also shows that four, out of twelve settlements were located at the high risk zone. The settlements are Uniport, Omuoda, Omuahunwo and Okparagwa. It was recommended that the high risk zone in the area should be provided with artificial water channel that will contain and convey surface sun-off to a nearby stream. The local authority should relocate the affected settlements to a safer zone.
Mothers Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Diarrhea and its Management in Aden-Yemen: A Cross-Sectional Study in Poor Resource Setting
Authors: Abdulla Omniat N. M. , Badulla Wafa F. S. , Alshakka Mohammed , Al-Abd Nazeh , Ibrahim Mohamed Izham Mohamed
Published: October 2021

Background: Diarrheal diseases are still a major cause of mortality and morbidity after respiratory infection in most developing countries. There are about 1.7 billion cases of diarrheal illness and 760,000 deaths in children under 5 every year around the world. Moreover, it has an undesirable effect on the development and growth of infants and young children.

Aim: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the mothers’ knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding diarrhea and its management in Aden-Yemen.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among mothers who visited Aden health centers in Aden city from April 2020 to July 2020. The respondents were chosen conveniently due to the difficulty of having a sampling frame. Data was collected using a KAP questionnaire.

Results: A total of 414 mothers aged 18 - 40 years had a child/children with diarrhea at the time of enrollment or in the preceding 3 to 6 months from enrollment. About 344 (83.1%) of mothers knew the definition of diarrhea, 244 (58.9 %) of mothers attributed the teething as a cause of diarrhea, and 284 (68.6%) of mothers recognized lethargy as a sign of dehydration.  Nearly 201 (48.6 %) of the mothers mentioned that diarrhea could be managed and prevented at home, and 174 (42.0%) agreed that ORS is the first-line treatment for diarrhea, and 286 (69.1%) of mothers continue exclusive breastfeeding during diarrhea. However, only 170 (41.1%) of mothers prepared ORS at home, and most of them did not know the correct way of preparing it. About 327 (79.0%) of mothers consulted the medical centers during the episode, and 199 (48.1 %) of mothers took the child to the primary health center as an immediate response.

Conclusion: The findings revealed that the KAP of the mothers was unsatisfactory for the management of diarrheal diseases. Therefore, there must be educational intervention provided by health sectors to increase awareness. Furthermore, the government should provide quality water, sanitation, essential medicines, public education, etc., to reduce the causes of the prevalence of diarrhea.
Perancangan Board Game Edukasi Menggunakan Mekanik Hand Management Tentang Pemahaman Spesifikasi Gadget
Authors: Hartono Albertus Ang , Prasida T. Arie Setiawan , Prestiliano Jasson
Published: October 2021

Di zaman modernisasi seperti sekarang ini, manusia sudah sangat bergantung pada teknologi salah satunya adalah gadget, yang keberadaannya berkembang pesat dan paling penting adalah handphone. Gadget handphone terdapat komponen yang disebut sebagai spesifikasi untuk menjalankan sistem. Banyak sekali anak-anak malas membaca dan tidak paham mengenai istilah spesifikasi yang dibutuhkan sehingga ketika aplikasi yang diinginkan tidak bisa dijalankan, pengguna akan menyalahkan developer ataupun handphone tersebut. Penelitian ini membahas tentang pemahaman spesifikasi gadget untuk siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama kelas 7 menggunakan media board game. Tujuan penelitian ini adlaah merancang board game Spec sebagai media pembelajaran dan menumbuhkan minat keingintahuan siswa terhadap spesifikasi gadget handphone. Metode deskriptif dibuat dengan strategi linear dalam penelitian ini.  Didapatkan hasil bahwa siswa menjadi lebih mengerti mengenai spesfiikasi handphone menggunakan board game Spec dan dapat digunakan untuk tujuan pendidikan.
Bilateral Acute Optic Neuropathy in a Teenaged Girl
Authors: Wu Jiahui , Wang Zhengyu , Lang Lili
Published: December 2024

A 14-year old girl presents with sudden painless vision decline in the left eye for 5 days and reports constant fatigue, occasional dizziness, mild pain in the lower limbs, and intermittent claudication over the past 12 months with no history of trauma, surgery, COVID-19 infection, influenza, or other infection. What would you do next?
Hyaluronic Acid‐Based Self‐Healing Hydrogels for Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Chhillar Anish , Jaiswal Amit
Published: December 2024

Diabetic wounds, particularly diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), are significant threats to human well‐being due to their impaired healing from poor circulation and high blood sugar, increased risk of infection and potential for severe complications like amputation, all compounded by peripheral neuropathy and chronic inflammation. Most therapies and dressings for DFUs focus on one symptom at a time, however, multifunctional smart self‐healing hydrogels can withstand multifactorial motional diabetic wounds. Motional wounds are easy‐to‐split wounds that experience tension, compression, and movement caused by stress now and then. Hyaluronic acid (HA) based self‐healing hydrogels stand out among other biomaterials due to their ability to cover irregular wound surfaces, maintain a moist environment, repair themselves when ruptured, and exhibit excellent biocompatibility. These self‐healing hydrogels can repair damages caused by movement and recover the functional properties during healing. These hydrogels can also act as therapeutic delivery vehicles and tissue regeneration systems. This review demonstrates the potential of HA‐based self‐healing hydrogels for diabetic wound healing. Due to its self‐healing capabilities, these hydrogels offer a customized therapeutic approach for motional diabetic wounds. The review also critically examines the challenges and future directions for HA‐based self‐healing hydrogels in diabetic wound healing.