bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Table 1 from USP36 SUMOylates Las1L and Promotes Its Function in Pre–Ribosomal RNA ITS2 Processing
Authors: Li Yanping , Yang Yunhan , Sears Rosalie C. , Dai Mu-Shui , Sun Xiao-Xin
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Table 1 lists all the primers for cloning and mutagenesis.
The Opportunities and Challenges in the Molecular Mechanism Research of Congenital Heart Disease: A Review
Authors: Li Mingwei , Wang Shuangxing , Zhang Hui , Meng Bing , Wu Yongjie
Published: October 2024

Background: Advanced molecular mechanism research incorporated with multidisciplinary collaborations on congenital heart disease has prompted new insight into its cause, development, and outcomes. Summary: This literature review aims to comprehensively examine the genetic molecular mechanisms of congenital heart disease and explain current prospects and challenges in this field. Through a systematic exploration of etiology, embryology, clinical outcomes, algorithms, and ethics, we seek to shed light on the path toward improved diagnostics, treatments, and outcomes for patients. Key Message: Collaboration among genetic researchers, clinicians, data scientists, ethicists, and policymakers is crucial to address challenges and translate research findings into tangible benefits for CHD patients.
Delayed and Long-Lasting Response to 177Lu-DOTATATE in a Head and Neck Paraganglioma: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Ruffini Egea Sofía , Campos Ramírez Sara Elena , Pascual de la Fuente Natalia Pilar , Monreal Cepero María Luna , Mocha Campillo Fatima , Trincado Cobos Pablo , Antón Torres Antonio , Martínez Trufero Javier
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Malignant paragangliomas (M-PGL) are a group of neuroendocrine tumors that originate from chromaffin cells. The most common location for PGL is the head and neck, which comprise 65–70% of all PGL, and the M-PGL accounts for 0.6% of all head and neck cancers. It is a rare tumor, with an incidence of 2–8 per million. Diagnosing PGL can be challenging, and treatment for metastatic disease is usually not curative. Case Presentation: A 66-year-old woman was diagnosed with left cervical pain and laterocervical mass in March 2015. Octreotide scintigraphy showed intense uptake in the cervical mass, two pulmonary micronodules of 4–5 mm, and another lesion in the lumbar region (L3–L4). The final diagnosis was malignant nonsecretory PGL with adjacent tissue involvement and distant metastases. After three different treatments with minimal symptomatic improvement, 177Lu-DOTATATE was requested off-label. With a dose of 7,400 MBq until January 2018, the patient showed remarkable symptomatic pain improvement and a decrease in tumor size. Conclusion: We believe that our case report provides relevant information that can be considered in similar cases. First, the patient tripled the expected survival in such a clinical setting, and this benefit seems to rely on 177Lu-DOTATATE treatment. Second, we documented an early symptomatic response to this treatment but a long-term delayed volumetric radiographic response.
“Leia para uma criança” e “Busca da mãe”: storytelling e marketing social como incentivos à leitura
Authors: Valenzuela Sandra Trabucco
Published: October 2024

A campanha “Leia para uma Criança”, promovida pela Fundação Itaú Social, é um exemplo de marketing social, valendo-se da estratégia Storytelling para estimular a leitura infantil. No presente artigo, avalia-se o programa (iniciado em 2010) e a campanha da perspectiva do marketing social, tendo sido desenvolvidos sobre uma causa em prol da sociedade: a promoção da leitura e educação infantil. Dentro da proposta, analisa-se o filme Busca da Mãe, lançado em outubro de 2019 e produzido pela DPZT, Saigon Filmes e Satélite Áudio. Trata-se da história de uma catadora de lixo que busca melhores condições de vida para a família, passando, assim, a buscar livros descartados no aterro sanitário e os levar para que seus filhos pudessem lê-los. A técnica de Storytelling norteia o roteiro da produção, já que se trata de uma história real, convertida em experiência e mudança positiva da situação inicial. Assim, este artigo apresenta o Programa da Fundação e analisa o filme, refletindo sobre sua construção audiovisual que objetiva emocionar, engajar e, ao mesmo tempo, mostrar a importância da educação como marco fundamental e transformador da sociedade e a forma que a Fundação Itaú se engaja nessa atuação.
A história da assistência médica no Rio de Janeiro: a implantação e desenvolvimento da Policlínica de Botafogo (1889-1939)
Authors: Matsumoto Harumi , Ferreira Francisco Rômulo Monte
Published: October 2024

This research sought to investigate the trajectory of the Polyclinic of Botafogo (PB), a care institution founded in 1900 by the physician Luiz Pedro Barbosa, showing its organizational model inspired by European and North American dispensaries, role in providing health care to the urban poor and functioning as a space for the development of medical education. The objective of the work was to reconstruct the trajectory of BP, between 1900 and 1939, highlighting the importance of its medical and social role, investigating the implementation, organization, maintenance and evolution of health care, analyzing the statistical data related to donations, the number consultations and the medical staff, and bringing to the debate the social and urban transformations that made the institution's development possible. The study of the origin of this institution not only brought to light issues related to health care in the midst of social, political, economic and cultural transformations between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century in Brazil and contribution to knowledge for the historiography of science and health in the country.
Uma proposta para a criação de democracias solidárias
Authors: Moreira Rui Nobre
Published: October 2024

The neoliberal ideology, which has prevailed almost everywhere in the world in the last 40 years, has been accentuating them. Today, the existence of a plutocratic oligarchy is increasingly evident, with excessive power for societies that claim to be democratic. When they use the term “liberal democracy” to designate the societies in which we live, we have to consider it a euphemism. We do live in neoliberal plutocracies, in which a tiny percentage of citizens have excessive and illegitimate power, always entrenched in the financial system, keeping the States hijacked. If this situation is unacceptable, it is also a situation in which remuneration inequality is so blurred that it prevents rewarding the social merit of each citizen's activity. This proposal attempts to find a balance between these two extremes. On the one hand, not allowing the existence of plutocratic oligarchies, but allowing the social merit of each citizen's activity to be rewarded, within socially acceptable limits.
Um clássico provocativo: a nova edição de “A Matemática no Brasil: história de seu desenvolvimento”.
Authors: Silva Filho Agenor Manoel da
Published: October 2024

Uma das mais bem sucedidas obras do campo da História das Ciências no Brasil, “A Matemática no Brasil” conquistou quatro edições ao longo de 30 anos. Um clássico que permanece atual graças a nova edição da Editora Blücher. A presente resenha destaca os pontos mais significativos da obra e suas características textuais e materiais, enfatizando a importância de reedições de trabalhos como este para a difusão do campo.
Desafios para a Manutenção e Preservação de Coleções Zoológicas: um Estudo de Caso de Coleções de Mastozoologia em Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Silva Regiane Linhares da , Lima Thabata Tosta , Pessoa Theo Sá Cavalcanti , Sales Romenigue José dos Santos
Published: October 2024

Zoological collections serve as a basis for implementing public policies aimed at conserving natural environments. In Brazil, the majority of institutions that house zoological collections are university institutions, the majority of which have challenging conditions to maintain them as would be ideal. The present study aims to carry out a survey of the main institutions that have zoological collections in the state of Minas Gerais and, using a questionnaire, understand what are the biggest challenges faced in maintaining the collections. The research was directed to ten institutions. From the points raised, it was observed that, in the 21st century, the lack of financing and attack by pests (e.g., fungi and moths, among others) on preserved materials are the main obstacles to institutions, followed by inadequate physical spaces for storage. of material, lack of professionals and fallen biological material. Based on the above and the data collected by the research, it is suggested that public and/or private financing are extremely important in the conservation of zoological collections in the state of Minas Gerais.
As Fundações de Amparo à Pesquisa estaduais e o apoioao desenvolvimento da Inteligência Artificial em seus estados
Authors: Corenza Marcelo
Published: October 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é fazer uma apresentação do esforço de fomento à ciência, tecnologia e inovação (C,T&I) promovido pelas entidades públicas de fomento estaduais, denominadas como Fundações de Amparo à Pesquisa (FAPs), que com-põem o Sistema Nacional de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação brasileiro (SNCTI), conforme definido no Marco Legal da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (BRASIL, 2018). Metodologicamente, buscamos informações sobre cada FAP em seus estatu-tos e regimentos internos, visando uma melhor compreensão do seu funcionamen-to e seus objetivos tal como definidos pelo legislador de cada estado. Além disso, levantamos editais e chamadas públicas disponíveis nos portais online das respecti-vas Fundações de Amparo à Pesquisa (FAPs) nos últimos 10 anos (2013-2023), tentando perceber, sobretudo, se há sinergia entre suas ações. Ou seja, se, apesar de serem limitadas em suas atividades no âmbito de seus respectivos estados, com demandas específicas, há cooperação. Dado que as FAPs apoiam projetos em vá-rias áreas do conhecimento, elegemos a Inteligência Artificial em nossa investiga-ção dada sua importância no processo de desenvolvimento econômico em curso no mundo. Um objetivo secundário é correlacionar aspectos lúdicos com avanços tecnológicos e desenvolvimento econômico dada a subjetividade que o tema carre-ga e a necessária aproximação entre intelectuais e pesquisadores, com uma conse-quente eliminação das barreiras entre as chamadas hard science e soft science.
Longitudinal functional brain connectivity maturation in premature newborn infants: Modulatory influence of early music enrichment
Authors: Van Der Veek Annemijn , Loukas Serafeim , Lordier Lara , de Almeida Joana Sa , Filippa Manuela , Lazeyras François , Van De Ville Dimitri , Hüppi Petra S.
Published: October 2024

Premature birth affects brain maturation, illustrated by altered brain functional connectivity at term equivalent age (TEA) and alters neurobehavioral outcome. To correct early developmental differences and improve neurological outcome, music during the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay has been proposed as an auditory enrichment with modulatory effects on functional and structural brain development, but longitudinal effects of such interventions have not been studied so far. We longitudinally investigated resting-state functional connectivity (RS-FC) maturation in preterm infants (n = 43). Data-driven Independent Component Analyses (ICA) were performed on scans obtained at 33- and 40-week gestational age (GA), determining the presence of distinct resting-state networks (RSNs). Connectome analysis “accordance measure” quantitively examined the RS-FC both at 33- and 40-week GA. Further comparing the internetwork RS-FC at 33- and 40-week GA provided a circuitry of interest (COI) for significant maturational changes in which the effects on the RS-FC of a music intervention were tested. The connectome analyses resulted in a COI of RS-FC connections significantly maturing from 33 to 40 weeks GA, namely between the thalamic/brainstem and prefrontal–limbic, salience, sensorimotor, auditory, and prefrontal cortical networks; between the prefrontal–limbic and cerebellar, visual and left hemispheric precuneus networks; between the salience and visual, and cerebellar networks; and between the sensorimotor and auditory, and posterior cingulate/precuneus networks. The infants exposed to music exhibited significantly increased maturation in RS-FC between the thalamic/brainstem and salience networks, compared with controls. This study exemplifies that preterm infant RS-FC maturation is modulated through NICU music exposure, highlighting the importance of environmental enrichment for neurodevelopment in premature newborns.
Possession in Categorization across Language and Category
Authors: Hanink Emily A. , Koontz-Garboden Andrew
Published: October 2024

Menon & Pancheva (2014) conjecture that the roots of all property concepts (words expressing the semantic content of adjectives in English; Dixon 1982, Thompson 1989), independent of syntactic category, have an abstract mass noun semantics in the spirit of Francez & Koontz-Garboden (2015, 2017). According to this conjecture, variation in the morphosemantics of categorization masks this underlying universality, leading to superficial variation in the morphosyntax of predication within this class of words. Supporting this line of analysis, we show that morphologically transparent behavior of nouns, verbs and adjectives in Ulwa, Wá·šiw, and English reveals that despite variation in category, property concepts in these languages receive a unified analysis on the view that mass-denoting roots are categorized by nominalizing, verbalizing, and adjectivizing heads, respectively, that introduce a possessive semantics.
Unsuspected pollinator potential? First DNA dietary analysis in Euleptes europaea (Gené, 1839) and confirmation of an omnivorous diet using video surveillance
Authors: Deso Grégory , Reynier Thierry , Rato Catarina
Published: October 2024

DNA analysis of the faeces of wild animals is a major step towards our understanding of the dietary requirements of cryptic and sometimes threatened species. The presence of digested and liquefied matter undetectable to the naked eye can be identified and used to detect the presence of plant resources. Validating the consumption of plant material is tricky and often controversial, as it may have been taken unintentionally while hunting prey. Here, we present the very first dietary DNA metabarcoding analysis of the gecko Euleptes europaea. We identified one class and three orders of Arthropoda, and two classes of plants. To validate the results of plant presence, we set up a novel feeding selectivity protocol, followed by video surveillance in the wild. We offered four plant resources, two of which were close relatives to the found metabacoded taxa. While a food selectivity protocol combined with DNA analysis validated the consumption of plant resources, they showed that these geckos had a preference for plant pollen but refused other sweet resources. These results raise the possibility of a pollinating role of this gecko, which can sometimes be the only vertebrate to inhabiting the smallest islets in the Mediterranean Sea.
The Indian–Middle Eastern–European Economic Corridor
Authors: Wakim Jamal
Published: October 2024

This article analyzes the geopolitical dimensions of the establishment of the Indian–Middle Eastern–European Economic Corridor at the international level as an alternative to the China-sponsored Road and Belt Initiative. It argues that, at the regional level, the corridor attempts to establish a regional order dominated by Israel and loyal to US hegemony. The article also tries to analyze the driving forces behind the corridor and the obstacles that might lie ahead for it.
Weekly Markets in Rural Egypt
Authors: Abd El Khalek Sahar
Published: October 2024

Studying rural markets as spaces of economic, political, social negotiations and cultural interactions may inform us significantly about what induces the formation of social movements or nonmovements. This article focuses on popular rural markets as spaces of everyday resistance and as outstanding areas to study the rural public sphere. The article is based on original field data, compiled from over 120 field interviews, in twenty markets in eight different governorates in rural Egypt. Interview data and field observation reveal how Egyptian rural weekly markets act as a social nonmovement opposing neoliberal policies, which have led to the dispossession of agricultural land since 1990s.
Honor and Orientation to War
Authors: Hougua Ben Ahmed , Lakhdar Meryem , Aalouane Fouad , Danane Hassan , Khay Rachid
Published: October 2024

When leaders decide to engage in war in defense of interests they represent, only public opinion and mass power can change their will. But if this statement seems valid in the light of the antiwar protests and mobilizations that have marked the Western public sphere, it is thanks to the process of feminization of social values and the electoral implications of this. In the Arab region, it is a different story because ordinary people continue to express themselves positively on participating in military adventures. In order to study the probability of participation in war from the perspective of the common man’s values, this research investigates orientation to war in terms of subjects’ political culture. For this purpose, the researcher uses World Value Survey data collected in ten Arab countries, with 26,000 people surveyed. The results show the positive association between a moral code of honor and an orientation to war.
The Sudan War
Authors: Baallout Mohamad
Published: October 2024

There does not seem to be any clear horizon in Sudan today to stop the ongoing fights as the two warring parties, the army and the “rapid support” forces are rejecting any initiative to stop the fight, using the Saudi initiative launched in the recent Jeddah meeting as a mere truce that allows to evacuate the victims and dead bodies.
Features of the Japanese Diplomatic Strategy towards the Gulf States
Authors: Al Badawi Habib
Published: October 2024

This research note examines the diplomacy of Japan toward the Gulf states and Iran in the Middle East. It discusses how the Arab Gulf states and Iran are major commercial partners of Japan in the region, and how Japan’s goals in the Middle East are to promote shared prosperity, collaborate in areas such as energy, infrastructure, and the digital economy, and foster governance and civil society by combating corruption, protecting national sovereignty, and protecting vulnerable populations. The study also examines the military presence of Japan in the Red Sea and the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force mission of protecting ships in the Strait of Hormuz to prevent terrorism, protect a vital oil shipping route, and foster a secure and stable region. Finally, the research outlines the five Kono Principles, which represent the outlook of Japan for future collaboration with the Middle East.
Epistemes of Palestine
Authors: Shibib Khalid
Published: October 2024

The conflict resulting from settler colonialism in historic Palestine has entered its second century. Behind the conflicting narratives and socio-political ideologies and doctrines are collective cognition or knowledge systems (epistemes). Both Palestinian and Zionist minds, being multi-centric, with their main bases focusing on historic Palestine, are undergoing dynamic changes. The Nakba of 1948, and the dispersion of the Palestinian population ever since, divided and diversified the Palestinian knowledge system in and outside historic Palestine. This article is an attempt to “epistemize” the narration and interpretation of this highly political and ideological struggle. It attempts to identify the building units of the Palestinian identity, which have directed the past and could determine paradigms of Palestinian struggle in the decades to come. It also tries to highlight the urgency and feasibility of networking dispersed Palestinian communities towards a new, reunited, Palestinian epistemic body.
The Rise and Decline of Ennahda Party
Authors: Maher Nora
Published: October 2024

Tunisia’s democratic trajectory has seen much regression in the past decade after the toppling of the former regime of Ben Ali and the rise of Ennahda party to power, following Tunisia’s uprising. Employing democratic theory, the research contends that, despite growing popular discontent with Ennahda’s performance, Ennahda remained Tunisia’s leading party even with its declining parliamentary representation until the 2021 setback in Tunisia’s democratic path. People’s disappointment with Ennahda emanated from volatile politics and socio-economic problems rather than ideology, and although the party reconsidered its strategy, which enabled it to withstand fractured polity and secure a leading seat in the political landscape until Kais Said’s power grab in 2021, it still bore much responsibility for poor government performance. In conclusion, Said’s hold on power is likely to persist and the future of Ennahda, in light of the on-going consolidation of power in Tunisia, depends on domestic and international efforts to regain democracy.
Modulation of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation on the East Asian Surface Air Temperature in Boreal Winter
Authors: Zhang Ruhua , Zhou Wen , Zhang Yue , Xu Xiran
Published: October 2024

This study analyzes the response of East Asian surface air temperature (SAT) to the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in boreal winter using the JRA-55 reanalysis dataset and the CAM6 model. East Asian SAT patterns in response to the boreal winter QBO vertical profile are derived from singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis. The leading mode of SVD (SVD1) shows an evident cold center over East Asia, while warm and cold centers show an east–west dipole in the second mode of SVD (SVD2). The corresponding QBO pattern in SVD1 has two opposite centers, with an upper-stratospheric easterly phase and a lower-stratospheric westerly phase; however, there is only one middle-stratospheric westerly center in SVD2. The SVD1-like QBO tends to cause more significant East Asian SAT anomalies than the SVD2-like QBO pattern. This difference originates from the response of the stratospheric polar vortex and the North Pacific circulation to the QBO. The SVD1-like QBO forces a cyclonic anomaly over the midlatitude North Pacific and an anticyclonic anomaly over China via a subtropical path and polar path, leading to a zonal pressure gradient and meridional wind anomaly over East Asia. Temperature advection driven by this meridional wind affects cooling and warming over East Asia. By contrast, there are no significant responses to the SVD2-like QBO over the midlatitude North Pacific, and thus, the corresponding East Asian SAT response is weak.

Significance Statement

East Asian surface air temperature (SAT) variation is often attributed to variations in lower-atmospheric dynamics and sea surface temperature. Few studies focus on the role of the QBO. In this study, we diagnose the influence of the stratospheric QBO on East Asian SAT during boreal winter. Both reanalysis and simulated results indicate that the response of East Asian SAT is sensitive to the selection of multilevel QBO indices. This sensitivity comes from the changes in QBO’s subtropical and polar influencing path. Our results provide a new perspective on East Asian SAT changes.
“I’m Not Gonna Let My Daughter Be Ashamed of Who Her Father Is”: Assessing the Complex Relationship Between Fatherhood, Recovery, and Desistance
Authors: Davidson Kimberly M. , Caudell Jehanne E.
Published: October 2024

A growing body of literature assesses the relationship between fatherhood and criminal justice outcomes, including recidivism. Minimal research views this relationship within the context of substance use disorders (SUDs), a common and critical complication to desistance pathways. Using a longitudinal sample, we assess the relationship between fatherhood and desistance both quantitatively ( n = 177) and qualitatively ( n = 60). Finding null results in survival analyses, our analysis focuses primarily on our in-depth interviews, which shed light on the complicated juxtaposition between positive fatherhood identities and barriers to child reunification. We find that fatherhood provides a motivating source of positive identity, but fractured relationships with children and co-parents impact the actualization of parenting goals.
Collaborative Management of Social Infrastructure Towards Creating a Sense of Place in Zengeza, Chitungwiza, Zimbabwe
Authors: Makoni Francis , Zivhave Morgen , Ngunjiri Irene , Musvoto Godfrey , Mavhima Brilliant
Published: October 2024

The functionality of social infrastructure in the global South is hampered by incapacitated governments, which affect people’s sense of place. This study explored co-management of social infrastructure towards creating a sense of place. This qualitative study collected data from purposively selected households and key informants using semi-structured interviews. Findings show that the co-management of social infrastructure by the Chitungwiza Municipality is top-down and crowds out residents’ participation. Most social infrastructure is none functional and unattractive to communities. Residents lacked user groups to demand improved social infrastructure. The study recommends role clarity and community empowerment to promote improved co-management of social infrastructure.
Young Bereaved Siblings of Israeli Security Personnel: Challenges, Coping, and Support
Authors: Mehlhausen-Hassoen David , Lanes Omer , Cohen Ayala
Published: October 2024

This qualitative study examines the experiences of young bereaved siblings of Israeli security personnel. Through 26 semi-structured interviews with 12- to 21-year-olds who lost a sibling before age 21, the research reveals complex cognitive and emotional challenges within Israel’s unique context. Participants struggle with understanding death’s finality, managing intense emotions, and navigating altered family dynamics. Coping strategies vary, from maintaining routines to avoiding grief-related interactions. The study highlights a significant contrast between young bereaved siblings’ perspectives and those of adults, with siblings describing an ongoing struggle while maintaining hope for the future. They actively manage their identities, often rejecting societal labels and preferring informal support over formal interventions. These findings underscore the importance of recognizing young bereaved siblings’ distinct voices and can inform more effective support strategies within a national service context.
Religion and Social Trust: Evidence From Chinese Christians in New Zealand
Authors: Du Yu , Liu Yang
Published: October 2024

Social trust is vital for immigrant societies with diverse backgrounds, as it bridges differences, fosters mutual understanding, and facilitates collective actions. While most studies on the relationship between religion and social trust focus on North America and Europe, little is known about this dynamic in New Zealand. This paper examines Chinese New Zealander Christians to explore how religion fosters social trust. The findings were derived from an interpretive analysis of 47 Chinese New Zealander Christians from mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. Most interviewees exhibited low general trust in strangers because of the complex and untrustworthy post-pandemic social environment. Believing in Christianity did not mitigate this negative impact. Interviewees’ particular trust in fellow congregators varied. Social network theory offers a plausible explanation for this phenomenon. Most interviewees cultivated trust in fellow congregators through frequent informal interactions outside churches. Regular face-to-face religious activities and a shared religious identity had little impact on forming particular trust in other Christians. Furthermore, Chinese Christians were internally divided based on their homelands and dialects, hindering them from constructing a shared identity. The findings enhance our understanding of how religion affects social trust among ethnic minority immigrants and their identity construction within religious communities.
Study evaluating the curling property of weft knitted fabrics based on pixel analysis
Authors: Zhao Kongwei , Ejegu Hermela , Xu Guangbiao
Published: October 2024

Curling is a common phenomenon observed in knitted fabrics. Curling poses many problems for fabric and clothing production, especially for digital devices, where it can affect the production quality and efficiency, while there is still no accurate method for evaluating it. This study established an evaluation method for the curling properties of knitted fabrics based on pixel statistics. Weft knitted fabric samples were created using a fabric cutter and a piece of paper was placed underneath the fabric. The fabric sample curls, whereas the paper represents a non-curling state. Subsequently, a scanner was used to scan the projections of the circular samples and paper to obtain digital images. The pixel amounts of the curled fabric and paper digital images were measured using the Photoshop 2020 software. The ratio between the fabric and paper projection pixels can be calculated by subtracting from 100% and converting the curling area ratio to the curling distance ratio. This can be used to represent the curling properties of knitted fabrics. The error between the theoretical and measured values is <0.1%, indicating a high level of accuracy. Ten knitted fabrics were validated for analysis. The sample with the maximum deviation between the left, middle, and right positions was 5.9%, whereas that with the minimum deviation was 0.3%. Subsequently, the fabrics were retested on the 7th and 14th days to assess reproducibility. The maximum deviation for each fabric on the 1st, 7th, and 14th days was 4.1%, and the minimum deviation was 0%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the method described in this study can accurately quantify the curling properties of knitted fabrics.
Observer based finite-time adaptive fractional-order sliding mode control of DFIG wind turbines with unknown dynamic parameters
Authors: Moghadam Seyed Mahyar Mehdizadeh , Alibeiki Esmail , Khosravi Alireza
Published: October 2024

In this study, we investigate adaptive finite-time fractional-order sliding mode control (AFFSMC) of DFIG wind turbines (DWTs) under model uncertainty in finite time. A fractional-order sliding surface is first constructed to develop the concept. A robust terminal adaptive sliding mode controller is then designed for pitch angle control of wind turbine to achieve finite-time stability at high wind speeds to regulate the produced electric power in Zone III of the turbine’s working range. This is all with this assumption that there is no any information about the dynamics of the turbine due to the significant uncertainties. Through the use of a stable adaptive law, the vector of the wind turbine’s unknown dynamic parameters is approximated in this method. An observer is also proposed to estimate both turbine speed and external disturbances term. The closed-loop system’s finite-time stability study and the finite-time convergence of the turbine output were both carried out using the dynamic model of the system and the proposed Lyapunov theory. Some numerical examples are also presented together with a comparison to the standard integer sliding mode control to demonstrate the correctness of the control law.
Who’s at the Table? A Scoping Review of Stakeholder Engagement in Medical Education Program Evaluation
Authors: Macabrey Juliette , Wuest Laura-Lou , Buetti David
Published: October 2024

Program evaluation is essential for medical schools to demonstrate social accountability and identify areas for improvement in medical education (MEd). Although stakeholder engagement is crucial in program evaluation, no previous review has specifically examined the stakeholders involved in MEd program evaluation. This scoping review addresses this gap by identifying the stakeholders, their roles, and their levels of engagement in evaluating MEd programs, along with the facilitators and barriers to their participation. Through a systematic search across four databases, we identified 53 relevant studies out of 7206 screened. Our findings reveal seven primary stakeholder groups, with students and program directors being the most frequent participants. However, a significant gap exists in the representation of community members and patients, indicating a need for greater inclusion of these key stakeholders. Additionally, we found that stakeholders are primarily engaged as passive participants providing feedback rather than actively shaping the evaluation process. Facilitators and barriers to participation were identified from the participants’ perspective, highlighting the need for further research to understand the viewpoints of active stakeholders, such as faculty and administrators. Future studies should also explore the impact of different evaluation approaches on stakeholder engagement to develop more inclusive and effective MEd program evaluations.
Identifying artificial intelligence–generated content in online Q&A communities through interpretable machine learning
Authors: Li Qingqing , Zeng Ziming , Li Tingting , Sun Shouqiang
Published: October 2024

This study aims to construct a comprehensive feature system for identifying artificial intelligence–generated content (AIGC) in online Q&A communities, thus uncovering the key factors and mechanisms influencing the identification of AIGC. First, based on the theory of systemic functional linguistics (SFL) and information quality (IQ), this article extracts vocabulary, content, structure, and emotional features from the text, and identifies the AIGC through nine mainstream machine learning algorithms. Subsequently, three widely used resampling strategies are exploited to address the category imbalance problem. The grid search optimisation algorithm fine-tunes different combinations of parameters to improve the performance of the identification classifier. Finally, SHAP values are introduced to evaluate and elucidate the global feature importance and feature influence mechanism. A Chinese corpus from the Zhihu Q&A community is constructed to verify the validity of these methods. The experimental results show that the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model optimised with hybrid sampling and grid search parameters exhibits excellent performance in identifying AI-generated text, which achieves an F1-score of 0.9935, an improvement of 0.11 percentage points over the original model. In addition, all four dimensions of features constructed in this article contribute to AI-generated text identification, and the results of feature interpretability analysis show the greatest impact of features that focus on content readability. The study facilitates the identification and labelling of AIGC in online Q&A communities, thereby enhancing transparency and accountability of information shared online.
The use of video recordings in the formative assessment process of Taksims
Authors: Avcı Akbel Burcu
Published: October 2024

In this research, I aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using video recordings in the process of formative assessment of taksims performed within the maqams covered in a Turkish music theory course. Taksim entails a performance aligned with the melodic movement features of a given maqam, adhering to its rules, yet allowing for improvised expression without a rhythmic structure. Maqam can be defined as the creation of musical phrases with a number of special rules by using certain sounds. Taksim studies are carried out in Turkish Music Conservatories, generally in the third and fourth grades, for the practice of the maqams taught in Turkish music theory courses. In this study, participating students recorded taksims in specific maqams. I, also as the instructor, reviewed the taksims performed in the video recordings and engaged in discussions with the students to clarify any ambiguous aspects. In my study, I employed observation, retrospective verbal protocol analysis, and interviews. I analyzed data using the content analysis approach on ATLAS.ti software. From my investigation, I deduced that analyzing videos during the formative assessment stage proved beneficial in identifying errors and enhancing skills such as error recognition, intonation, musicality, melody creation, motivation, and confidence.
Chemicals 2.0 and Why We Need to Bypass the Gold Standard in Regulatory Toxicology
Authors: Worth Andrew P. , Berggren Elisabet , Prieto Pilar
Published: October 2024

The use of adverse effect data from animals as the gold standard in regulatory toxicology has a long tradition dating back to the 1960s. It has also been increasingly criticised, based on both scientific and animal welfare concerns, and yet, animal studies remain the gold standard in most areas of toxicology to this very day. In the 1980s, when the first generation of non-animal methods were evaluated as alternatives to animal testing, it was logical to compare the ‘new’ data obtained with historical animal data. This worked reasonably well for simple endpoints, such as skin and eye irritation, but became problematic for the more complex systemic endpoints, since in these cases, the in vivo effects are not directly comparable to those observed in in vitro systems. While the need to redefine the gold standard is not new, there is still no consensus on how to do so. We propose a consistent principle that avoids the need for animal reference data, while also ensuring an equivalent or better level of protection. We argue that the gold standard can be redefined, or rather bypassed, by focusing on risk management outcomes rather than the outputs of animal methods. This allows us to more efficiently protect human health and the environment, ensuring the safe use of chemicals while also identifying less hazardous chemicals for use as substitutes. We describe how this might work out for two main contexts of use: classification and labelling, and risk assessment. This has implications for the implementation of the EU Commission Roadmap toward the phasing out of animal testing in chemical safety assessments.
Prevalence and effect of workplace harassment among female library professionals
Authors: A. Subaveerapandiyan , Ahmad Naved , Seifi Leili , Annamma Lovely M. , Mane Sunita D.
Published: October 2024

Workplace harassment is a significant concern across various industries, including academic libraries, where female professionals often encounter unique challenges. This study assesses the prevalence and effect of workplace harassment among female library professionals in Indian academic libraries. 100 female professionals working in college and university libraries across India participated in the survey conducted in May 2024. The study explores the types, contexts, and perpetrators of harassment and its effects on well-being and job performance. Findings reveal a high prevalence of harassment, predominantly perpetrated by colleagues, with significant effects on individuals’ psychological well-being and job satisfaction. While some security measures are in place, perceptions of their effectiveness vary. Recommendations include integrating security measures into policies, enhancing reporting procedures, and providing better support systems for victims. Addressing workplace harassment requires collaborative efforts to foster inclusive and respectful environments, ensuring the safety and dignity of all library professionals.
The perception of emotional prosody in Mandarin Chinese words and sentences
Authors: Xiao Cheng , Liu Jiang
Published: October 2024

Emotional prosody refers to the ways in which the tone of voice can be modulated to convey emotions, feelings, and attitudes. Previous studies have explored the perception of emotional prosody and whether native speakers (L1) have an in-group advantage in recognizing the emotional prosody of their own cultural groups over non-native speakers. However, little is known about whether these findings in non-tonal languages can be generalized to tonal languages. Mandarin Chinese uses the tone of voice to encode word meanings in addition to emotional prosody. This study investigates the perception of emotional prosody in Mandarin Chinese using an emotion judgment task, focusing on the effects of emotion type (e.g., neutral, joy, anger, sadness) and syllable length (e.g., monosyllable, disyllable, trisyllable, and sentence). Three groups were included, consisting of 20 native Chinese speakers (native group), 20 L1-English L2-Chinese learners (second language group), and 20 native English speakers without Chinese learning experience (non-native group). The results revealed that all three groups can identify emotional prosody well above the chance level in Mandarin Chinese words and sentences. Moreover, the native group and the second language (L2) group showed an in-group advantage in recognizing emotional prosody compared to the non-native group, highlighting the impact of linguistic experience in addition to cultural backgrounds on the perception of emotional prosody. Notably, the effects of emotion type and syllable length differed across the three groups in terms of their perception of emotional prosody. The native group had difficulty identifying positive emotional prosody, whereas both the L2 group and the non-native group showed a pattern of improved accuracy as syllable length increased, with an interaction effect with emotion type.
Using QALYs as an Outcome for Assessing Global Prediction Accuracy in Diabetes Simulation Models
Authors: Dakin Helen A. , Gao Ni , Leal José , Holman Rury R. , Tran-Duy An , Clarke Philip
Published: October 2024

Objectives

(1) To demonstrate the use of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) as an outcome measure for comparing performance between simulation models and identifying the most accurate model for economic evaluation and health technology assessment. QALYs relate directly to decision making and combine mortality and diverse clinical events into a single measure using evidence-based weights that reflect population preferences. (2) To explore the usefulness of Q2, the proportional reduction in error, as a model performance metric and compare it with other metrics: mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error, bias (mean residual), and R2.

Methods

We simulated all EXSCEL trial participants ( N = 14,729) using the UK Prospective Diabetes Study Outcomes Model software versions 1 (UKPDS-OM1) and 2 (UKPDS-OM2). The EXSCEL trial compared once-weekly exenatide with placebo (median 3.2-y follow-up). Default UKPDS-OM2 utilities were used to estimate undiscounted QALYs over the trial period based on the observed events and survival. These were compared with the QALYs predicted by UKPDS-OM1/2 for the same period.

Results

UKPDS-OM2 predicted patients’ QALYs more accurately than UKPDS-OM1 did (MSE: 0.210 v. 0.253; Q2: 0.822 v. 0.786). UKPDS-OM2 underestimated QALYs by an average of 0.127 versus 0.150 for UKPDS-OM1. UKPDS-OM2 predictions were more accurate for mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke, whereas UKPDS-OM1 better predicted blindness and heart disease. Q2 facilitated comparisons between subgroups and (unlike R2) was lower for biased predictors.

Conclusions

Q2 for QALYs was useful for comparing global prediction accuracy (across all clinical events) of diabetes models. It could be used for model registries, choosing between simulation models for economic evaluation and evaluating the impact of recalibration. Similar methods could be used in other disease areas.

Highlights

Diabetes simulation models are currently validated by examining their ability to predict the incidence of individual events (e.g., myocardial infarction, stroke, amputation) or composite events (e.g., first major adverse cardiovascular event). We introduce Q2, the proportional reduction in error, as a measure that may be useful for evaluating and comparing the prediction accuracy of econometric or simulation models. We propose using the Q2 or mean squared error for QALYs as global measures of model prediction accuracy when comparing diabetes models’ performance for health technology assessment; these can be used to select the most accurate simulation model for economic evaluation and to evaluate the impact of model recalibration in diabetes or other conditions.
Hostile Sexism Predicts Annual Within-Person Increases in Sexual Prejudice for Both Men and Women: Evidence from an 8-Year RI-CLPM
Authors: Clarke Eden V. , Sibley Chris G. , Osborne Danny
Published: October 2024

Although many Western democracies have made important strides toward egalitarianism in recent years, members of the LGB+ community continue to endure sustained animus. Yet, little empirical work has examined the ideologies that promote sexual prejudice in the twenty-first century. We address this oversight by positing that hostile sexism temporally precedes increases in sexual prejudice for both men and women. Accordingly, we used nine annual waves (2014–2023) of longitudinal panel data from a nationwide random sample of New Zealand adults to examine the within-person cross-lagged associations between ambivalent sexism and sexual prejudice across heterosexual men ( n = 22,751) and women ( n = 38,004). As hypothesized, hostile sexism (but not benevolent sexism) predicted within-person increases in sexual prejudice for both heterosexual men and heterosexual women over time. These results replicated across ethnic majority men and women, ethnic minority men (but not women), and LGB+ men (but not women), as well as when adjusting for participants’ age. Together, these results demonstrate that the pernicious effects of hostile sexism extend beyond women's rights, and highlight the importance of addressing sexism to foster broader egalitarian ideals over time. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843241275579 .
In defense of obscure academic writing
Authors: Braune Sean
Published: October 2024

There has been a backlash against academic writing in the humanities that can be found in popular culture at least since the 1990s. By considering a selection of arguments from critics of academic writing in the humanities, I then defend a certain kind of ‘obscurity’ or ‘difficulty’ in scholarly prose by developing a concise genealogy of obscure academic writing. This paper develops the notion that an ‘uncommon sense’ should be situated against ‘common sense’ to unveil an assumed ‘world’ or ‘reality’ alongside the structural formations of that which is considered ‘useful’ language. Often, complicated academic language grapples with the intrinsic complexity that is hidden behind ‘simple’ ideas.
Space for Self-Care? Adolescents’ Rationales for Being Physically Active
Authors: Zhang Tan , Chen Ang
Published: October 2024

Guided by Foucault’s theorization of power, self and strategies for self-care, the study aimed to characterize adolescents’ rationales for being physically active as the outcome of their negotiations with dominant discourses. Using stratified random sampling method, a sample of 291 adolescents (female = 161, age 11–14) was selected from 24 middle schools. With the Free and Reduced Meals (FARMS) rates ranging from 22% to 78%, the schools were drawn from six school districts that served urban, suburban, and rural communities. Photo-elicited semi-structured interviews were conducted. Discourse analyses were performed on the interview transcripts. Students identified health, body image, and physical capacities, in this order of significance, as leading rationales for physical activity participation. The finding indicates that students had been heavily influenced by dominant discourses, especially healthism, discourse on body image, and athleticism/ablism. Nevertheless, most students’ rationales for physical activities did not contain stereotypical and judgmental binary ideals based on which these dominant discourses were constructed. A small number of students demonstrated the potential of engaging self-care practices—reflectively and flexibly adopting discourses for their own needs. The findings suggest educators and practitioners help adolescents to disrupt the discourses of binaries for self-care.