bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the antioxidant activity of rowan extracts (Sorbus aucuparia) by biotesting method
Authors: Sirotina K , Kazimova K , Shcherbakova Y , Akhmadullina F , Nikitin E
Published: January 2022

Special importance in modern unfavorable environmental conditions is given to nutrition, which should ensure the weakening of the negative effect of harmful eco-factors on the human body, contribute to increasing its protective and adaptive capabilities, and, as a result, reduce the risk of developing various pathologies. At the same time, it should be taken into account that the diet of a modern person should be rich in biologically active components that can exhibit antioxidant properties. Recently, scientists are increasingly considering plant extracts as sources of antioxidants. Among them, a special role is assigned to Sorbus aucuparia, whose antioxidant activity is described as comparable, or even higher than other fruits. The article presents data on the study of the antioxidant activity of water extracts of mountain ash by biotesting. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using a biological model – Paramecium caudatum, determining the stress resistance of infusoria to hydrogen peroxide. The study revealed an increase in the stress resistance of Paramecium caudatum infusoria when adding extracts of mountain ash to the nutrient mixture compared to the control.
Management of integrated agricultural formations based on modeling and evaluation of added value chains
Authors: Kairova N Kh , Marzhokhov Z S
Published: January 2022

The article substantiates the theoretical provisions and recommendations for the management of integrated agro-industrial formations based on the use of modeling techniques and assessment of value chains. The proposed method is based on the concept of integral logistics and consists in the formation of the structure of integrated systems and the allocation of material and financial flows in them. The developed methodology for managing integrated agro-industrial formations is based on the use of a multidimensional system analysis, which makes it possible to make informed management decisions in the field of strategic management. In the course of the study, the levels of stability or self-preservation of the integrated agro-industrial formation were identified, which made it possible to identify the classification features of the levels based on the numerical values of the self-preservation limits. The scientific and practical significance of the developed models lies in the possibility of carrying out a multivariate calculation of efficiency when changing the parameters of the functioning of product subsystems and choosing the most satisfying alternative, which ensures the validity of management decisions in the operational management of corporate integrated structures.
Influence of economic cycles on the development of elements of the industry structure of the food market
Authors: Salo I A , Kopytets N Hr , Cheremisina S G , Voloshyn V M
Published: January 2022

The article examines the features of the development of the Ukrainian food market from the standpoint of the theory of economic cycles. As an example, we used the dynamics of indicators of production of products of perennial fruit plantations in Ukraine in retrospect and import supplies of fruits. The phases of the economic cycle in terms of the volume of industrial production were identified and characterized. Possible causes of crises have been identified. The modern phase of the development of the fruit market, as a structural element of the food market in Ukraine, has been investigated and identified as a “rise”. A long wave of the development of the horticulture industry was revealed. The reasons for the emergence of the next wave in 2000 were detailed and substantiated. The optimal period for forecasting the fruit market was determined, taking into account the dynamics of the main indicators of the formation of its conjuncture – domestic production and volumes of imports.
Labour productivity in the agricultural sector of the national economy is a key factor in the rise of production efficiency
Authors: Gusev Andrey Yu , Koshkina Irina G
Published: January 2022

Labour productivity is a parameter characterizing production efficiency, the state of the economy and prospects for its development. The socio-economic well-being of the population depends on its level. The modern vector of the country’s development into the digital economy allows concluding that the main goal of the digital transformation is the ability to reach higher labour productivity through digital technologies. Such a rise should occur, first, in material production, being the basis for the existence of society. Studies confirm that labour productivity in all sectors of the regional economy is at a low level. In a steadily developing economy, its rise rate should significantly outstrip the rise rate of its payment. For a more detailed assessment of the correspondence of the level of labour productivity to material incentives and analysis of their changes in time and space, it is proposed to calculate the “indicator of the level of labour productivity”. There is a regional outflow of labour resources from agriculture and the main condition for the rise of labour productivity in the present and foreseeable future will be the process of replacing living labour with highly productive machine labour, based on the digital transformation of agriculture.
Evaluation of apple varieties with summer ripening in intensive-type orchards
Authors: Krasova Nina , Panfilova Olga , Okatan Volkan
Published: January 2022

The study results of the main economic and biological indicators of summer ripening apple varieties on low-growing rootstocks in intensive plantings were generalized. It was found that the use of low-growing intercalars has the same weakening effect on the apple tree growth as when using it as a rootstock. In terms of the total yield, 10-year-old trees of the Orlinka and Yablochny Spas varieties did not show significant differences in the options for using low-growing forms in as an intercalary or root stock. Modeling the damaging factors of the winter period revealed good resistance to early winter frosts, to a decrease in the freezing temperature in the middle of winter to -40 °C and to frosts after thaws at the end of winter. On the medium-sized rootstock 3-3-72, Rannee Aloe variety showed high early ripening and productivity significantly higher than Papirovka. The highest yields of the studied varieties on the rootstock 3-3-72 were given at the age of 10 to 20 years and are characterized as mildly periodically fruiting. According to the complex of economic and biological indicators, the varieties of summer ripening period for intensive plantings, farm and homestead gardens were identified.
Strategic level of agrocenoses state management
Authors: Mikhailenko I M , Timoshin V N
Published: January 2022

The aim of the work is to develop a theoretical basis for solving the problem of managing the state of agrocenoses, which contain crops of the main crop and weeds. The solution to this problem is aimed at eliminating the limitations of the existing paradigm of separate management of the state of crops and weeds. The application of mineral fertilizers simultaneously stimulates the growth and development of plants, crops and weeds, and herbicide treatments simultaneously suppress the growth of both crop plants and weeds. As a result, this leads to significant crop losses and overconsumption of fertilizers and herbicides. The proposed theory and methodology is based on taking into account the relationship between the state of crops and weeds, and their overall effect on the content of nutrients in the soil. For this, a system of mathematical models has been proposed, in which these relationships and yield losses are taken into account when the parameters of the chemical state of the soil deviate from the optimal values for crop rotation and from the effect of herbicide treatments on crop sowing. The result of solving the problem is the optimal strategies for the introduction of mineral fertilizers, ameliorants and herbicides by years of crop rotation. These strategies ensure that yield losses are minimized for all crops, rotation and agrochemical consumption. They are the main tool for planning agricultural technologies and standardizing technological operations carried out for individual years of crop rotation. The results obtained are new, since such tools are currently lacking.
Human and the foodnet market: on the formation of the agricultural producer ethos (psychological and pedagogical aspect)
Authors: Merzlyakova D R , Miroshnichenko A A , Baranov A A , Popkov A V , Ivanova N P
Published: January 2022

The existing directions of studying the ethos of an agricultural producer in the context of the introduction of digital technologies in the context of pedagogy and psychology are outlined. The relevance of the scientific study of the agricultural producer ethos in the sixth technological wave is considered. A psychological and pedagogical model of the agricultural producer ethos has been developed, which includes personal interests; ethics in the use of digital technologies; relationships with society; value orientations; agricultural producer personality; responsibility and relationships with other persons. The experts presented the ethical principles that agricultural producers should follow, considering the trend of development of digital technologies in agriculture. Priorities for the development of ethical principles in the use of Foodnet technologies were identified.
Improving the efficiency of land use in the agricultural sector of Ukraine
Authors: Perevozova Iryna , Prodius Yuliiia , Selinnyi Mykhailo , Lobza Alla , Pikulina Nadiia
Published: January 2022

The growing interest of land users and owners in preserving and improving the fertility of agricultural land requires the inclusion in the state’s agricultural policy of a mechanism that provides economic incentives for the targeted use of land resources, and a careful and effective attitude to them. This is very important, due to the fact that the attraction of land resources to agricultural production in the presence of morally and technically outdated material base of agricultural enterprises, outdated agricultural technologies and ignoring environmental requirements causes erosion and a decrease in the fertility of these land resources. In our opinion, the amount of rent for the use of the land plot to a certain extent should take into account the resource potential of the tenant of the land plot. At the same time, the state agrarian policy should provide, in our opinion, the formation of favorable conditions for the possibility of increasing the agricultural enterprises of their resource potential. The state agrarian policy should create equal conditions for the realization of its resource potential by all agricultural enterprises, regardless of their form of ownership, as well as provide the necessary conditions for free competition and cooperation between agricultural enterprises. This will not only increase the resource potential of agricultural enterprises and increase the degree of fertility of agricultural land, but also optimize the amount of rent for land and land tax. At the same time, this will make the agricultural sector of the economy more attractive for potential private investors.
Assessment of food security in the region by example Kabardino-Balkarian Republic
Authors: Gyatov A V , Soskieva Z V , Bagova O I , Khalishkhova L Z , Shardanov A A
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes the food security of the region on the example of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, according to the chosen method. [1] A group of indicators on the region’s self-sufficiency in food products, as well as the levels of their physical and economic accessibility for the population of the republic, are considered. According to the calculations, the food security of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic is estimated at 7 points out of 10 possible, which corresponds to the acceptable value. Measures aimed at increasing the level of food security of the analyzed region are proposed.
Substances for biological protection, regulation of growth and development of agricultural crops based on secondary plant metabolites
Authors: Sharonova N L , Terenzhev D A , Lyubina A P , Fadeeva I D , Zakirov A T
Published: January 2022

Plants are a promising source of a wide range of biologically active substances as biopesticides and growth stimulants in organic agriculture. Screening of the antimicrobial activity of ethanol extracts of air-dry aboveground biomass of 22 plant species of the family Asteraceae, typical representatives of the flora of the Republic of Tatarstan, was carried out. The antibacterial activity of greater knapweed (Centaurea scabiosa L.), milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn), scentless mayweed (Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip.), marsh cudweed (Gnaphalium uliginosum L.) against test strains of microorganisms – Clavibacter michiganensis VKM Ac-1404 (phytopathogenic gram-positive bacterium) and Alternaria solani St108 (phytopathogenic fungi) was established. The highest indices of inhibitory activity were found in the case of marsh cudweed - 0.0063%. The efficiency of pre-sowing treatment of seeds and foliar treatment of plants with an aqueous solution the potassium salts of terpene acids of Siberian cedar pine resin on the yield of winter wheat variety Kazanskaya-560 on gray forest soil at the Republic of Tatarstan was revealed. The yield increase was 3.7-3.9% to control. The grain size indicator (1000 grains weight) varied in the range of 36-38 g with the highest values in the case of pre-sowing treatment.
The influence of cultivation methods on the productivity and quality of essential oil crops (on the example of oregano)
Authors: Khanieva Irina , Boziev Aliy , Shogenov Yuri , Odizhev Andemirkan , Sabolirov Akhmed
Published: January 2022

In the conditions of the educational and production complex of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University in 2018-2020. a field experiment was laid to study the adaptive potential of oregano to the natural and climatic conditions of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The effect of root formation stimulants Biospectrum and Corvin SP on the yield of oregano seedlings was investigated. Common data were obtained on the productivity of the common soul (Origanum vulgare) in depending on the method of obtaining planting material, according to the productivity of oregano per unit area. Based on the data obtained, an agroeconomic assessment of the effectiveness of growing oregano for green mass was made.
The human activities impact on the morphological structure of the landscape soil catenas in different stages of agricultural development of the central black soil region
Authors: Kovalyova Elena , Linkov Sergej , Akinchin Alexander , Kotlyrova Ekaterina , Breslavets Yuriy
Published: January 2022

The studies of the age influence of agricultural development on topogenic soil interfaces were carried out in Belgorod region on two main plots contacting to broad-forest and meadow-stepp zone landscapes of forest steppe. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of agricultural development in different years on the arable soils properties. As a result of field studies, 41 sections were studied in a broad-leaved forest main area (13 sections in the background area, 14 sections each on plowed catenas of different development ages) and 32 sections in a meadow-steppe area (6 sections on background catenas and 12 sections each on plowed catenas). A common pattern characterizing the agrogenic evolution of topogenic soil conjugations in the southern and northern exposures is their progradation into black soils as the use age increases. We have identified the following groups of external anthropogenic factors that directly affect the soil fertility after a long agricultural development: mechanical (pressure on the soil and its treatment with agricultural technology, the creation of micro - and nano - reliefs); organizational and territorial (linear boundaries and forest belts); chemical (applied fertilizers, although in small quantities, but affecting the micro ecosystem of studied areas).
Assessment of business activity and ways to increase it, on the example of an agro-industrial complex enterprise
Authors: Bobkova E Yu , Kuchumov A V , Terentyev S E , Burlankov P S , Vorobyev D I
Published: January 2022

One of the most important factors in the formation of an effectively functioning market of agricultural products is the business activity of market players. High competition in the market of agricultural products forces producers to clearly formulate their tasks and the necessary resources for their implementation. The article gives an assessment of the business activity of the agro-industrial complex enterprise. It is established that insufficient effective use of fixed and working capital, as well as insufficient effective personnel management. It is possible to recognize the business activity of an agro-industrial complex enterprise and profitability as satisfactory but having a negative trend. To increase the business activity of the enterprise in question, calculations of profitability and business activity indicators were performed. Based on the analysis of business activity and profitability, the company’s management has been given appropriate recommendations to improve the efficiency of management.
Butter biscuit technology for specialized nutrition
Authors: Ivanova N G , Nikitin I A , Terentyev S E , Ushakova S G , Mitrokhin M A
Published: January 2022

Flour confectionery products are considered one of the most popular food products, but the nutritional value does not allow them to be included in the diet of people leading a healthy lifestyle. The recent trend is the expansion of the flour confectionery products’ range by imparting functional properties. Considering the worldwide growth in the level of alimentary-dependent diseases, it is urgent to develop butter biscuits of increased nutritional value characterized by a reduced sugar content. Improving the butter biscuits technology by introducing non-traditional types of flour and topinambour processing products into the recipe will make it possible to scientifically approach the problem’s solution of the flour confectionery products’ disadvantage of increased nutritional value and reduced calorie content, improve their assortment and ensure widespread consumption in everyday life. The study presents the research results on the technology development of butter biscuits enriched with dietary fiber, minerals and vitamins. The decrease in the recipe sugar content by replacing its part with topinambour syrup is substantiated, as well as the introduction of barley flour, chickpea flour and topinambour fiber into the recipe. The developed butter biscuits are distinguished by a reduced content of granulated sugar and an increased content of dietary fiber, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and phosphorus.
The impact of mineral fertilizers on the consumption of mineral elements and the Siberian-bred oat grain
Authors: Eremin D I , Moiseeva M N , Lyubimova A V
Published: January 2022

This paper presents the findings of long-term field experiments to study the influence of increasing doses of mineral fertilizers on the technological and agrochemical features of Siberian-bred oat. The studies were performed in the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Urals on leached chernozem. We have studied the varieties of cultivated oat of local selection: Talisman, Foma and Otrada on a natural soil preparation (control) and while applying fertilizers, in doses calculated to obtain the planned yield from 3.0 to 6.0 t/ha. It has been revealed that modern varieties of oat have genetic features for the assimilation of nutrients from the soil and fertilizers. It affects the content of protein, fat and starch in the grain. Accounting for the totality of indicators of the chemical composition, the Foma variety was distinguished. Its grain on fertilized variants contains: protein 10.8-15.3; fat - 3.0-3.6; starch - 33.0-45.7%. The use of mineral fertilizers results in an increase in the nitrogen content in grain and straw, and potassium - only in straw. The biological removal of nutrients depended on the level of mineral nutrition and the variety, giving ground for the development of a varietal system of fertilizers for oat in Western Siberia.
Comparative assessment of environmental and economic efficiency of land use in the Ural and Siberian federal districts
Authors: Vashukevich N V , Staritsina I A , Belichev A A , Baikin Yu L , Smirnova A D
Published: January 2022

The economic efficiency of land management as a factor (means) of production is characterized by the result of comparing the objects of production with the land area or value. At the regional level, the economic efficiency of land use is determined by a system of natural and cost indicators. The purpose of this work: to conduct a comparative analysis of the regional efficiency of land use (on the example of the Ural Federal District and the Siberian Federal District) using the technique of the regional assessment of land use efficiency by G.B. Vyazov (2014). The author proposed the construction of integral assessment indicators for all land categories: Y1 - the return of land and Y2 - land profitability. The paper presents data on the typology of the Ural and Siberian federal districts regions in terms of the degree of land use efficiency by creating a matrix of pair correlation coefficients.
The coulter effect on the spring wheat yield at different row spacing and seeding rate
Authors: Radnaev D N , Pekhutov A S , Abiduev A A , Petunov S V , Badmatsyrenov D-C B
Published: January 2022

Sowing if one of the key operations in the technology of cultivation of grain crops. Analysis of existing studies show that the most important reserve for sustainable grain production is the introduction of new methods of sowing, sowing machines and their working bodies. In modern conditions, resource-saving sowing technologies are widely used. In resource-saving technology, high-quality sowing characterizes the uniformity of seed distribution over the feeding area and the seeding depth, considering the soil and climatic conditions of Buryatia. In studies on the agronomic justification of sowing methods, the influence of row spacing, distribution uniformity and uneven sowing of seeds on the yield of spring wheat of the local variety “Buryatskaya-79” was studied. At the same time, comparative tests of serial and improved coulters of seeders of the SZ type were carried out. It was revealed that in the dry steppe, with a seeding rate of 4-5 million grains/ha, a row spacing of 7.5-15 cm is allowed, with 3 million grains/ha - 45 cm; with a row spacing width of 45 cm, there is an increase in separate harvesting losses; uniform seed placement during strip sowing has significant advantages compared to the usual row seeding method with the existing seeding rate.
Formation of clusters is a priority direction of innovative development of the agricultural sector of Uzbekistan
Authors: Yuldashev N K , Nabokov V I , Nekrasov K V , Djurabaev O D
Published: January 2022

This article presents the results of the analysis of the functioning of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the formation of clusters, the integration of enterprises engaged in agricultural production with enterprises of other sectors of the national economy of Uzbekistan. Referring to the analysis results, it can be concluded that clusters are the most optimal production integrated management system in the conditions of the market economy of the Republic. The article presents data on the analysis of the activities of agro-industrial clusters, including cotton and textile clusters, and shows the effectiveness of their activities. The foreign experience of clustering the economy is presented.
Circular economy and environmental safety in a new social reality
Authors: Stozhko D K , Stozhko K P , Shilovtsev A V , Sorokina N I , Makarova T N
Published: January 2022

The problem of ensuring environmental safety in our country in the conditions of increasing macroeconomic instability and risks in the sphere of national and world economy puts on the agenda the need to move to a new model of social and economic development – “circular economy” or “closed-loop economy”. This model makes it possible to minimize the external negative effects on the part of economic entities and their impact on the environment and, conversely, the consequences of man-made externalities in the environment on the human. In this regard, the analysis and assessment of such a relationship between the economy and the environment, as well as the identification and assessment of these externalities, make it possible to formulate a number of recommendations to strengthen environmental safety and transition to a qualitatively new type of sustainable development.
Endophytic bacteria antagonists of the micromycete Aspergillus flavus: the prospect of improving the quality of food raw materials and food products
Authors: Idiyatov I I , Eroshin A I , Yusupov S A , Tremasova A M , Biryulya V V
Published: January 2022

Aspergillus flavus is a pathogenic and toxigenic microscopic saprophyte fungus widespread in nature, contributes to a decrease in the quality and safety of food raw materials and food products and causes of mycotoxicosis and mycoses. The paper presents the results of a comparative assessment of the antagonistic activity of endophytic bacteria to the A. flavus micromycete. The studied bacterial isolates were characterized by alimentary and antibiotic types of antagonism. The most pronounced antifungal effect was found in EFS10, EFS14 and EFS17 belonging to the species Bacillus subtilis. These bacteria synthesized compounds with a fungistatic effect and effectively competed for a nutrient substrate, showing a high growth rate, the degree of inhibition of the development of the microscopic fungus A. flavus was 68.20, 65.41 and 50.73 %, respectively. Isolates were also characterized by a wide range of enzymatic activity, absence of pathogenic and toxic properties. Thus, the studied bacteria are active antifungal agents and can be used as biological agents to improve the quality of food raw materials and food products.
Smart logistics in managing logistics channels of essential oil production
Authors: Timirgaleeva R R , Verdysh M V , Popova A A , Polyakova N Yu
Published: January 2022

The article substantiates the need for the development of the main directions of increasing the efficiency of the functioning of the logistics system of essential oil production. The most progressive technologies of smart logistics are highlighted, allowing increasing the efficiency of the entire logistics system. One of the most promising technologies has been identified for radio frequency identification, which allows to control large flows of goods. The current directions for the introduction of smart logistics technologies have been identified, its problems and prospects in the management of logistics channels for essential oil production have been analyzed. The proposed methodology for assessing the cost of solutions for the implementation of smart logistics technologies that affect the change in the cost of the logistics channel management system.
Efficiency of methods for selecting elite winter triticale plants and evaluating their offspring in a breeding nursery
Authors: Babaytseva T A , Solovyeva M V , Kolesnikova V G , Vafina E F
Published: January 2022

Triticale is an artificially created crop. When creating new varieties of this crop, different types of wheat, rye, and wild cereals are used in modern breeding. In connection with the origin uniqueness of triticale, its genetic characteristics, questions of a methodological nature often arise in breeding work. One of these questions is the method choice of selection and evaluation of parent plants, the establishment of breeding nurseries. In this regard, the aim of the research was to improve the selection method of winter triticale parental plants and the establishment of a breeding nursery of the 1st year. Field and laboratory studies were carried out in 2019-2021 in the Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy. A comparative characteristic of the initial inflorescences’ selection methods and establishment of a breeding nursery of the first year was given. Inflorescences’ selection was carried out based on visual inspection without threshing and based on a morphological assessment of the ear and grain after thrashing. The breeding nursery of the 1st year was founded in two ways - by sowing seeds and unthreaded ears. The effectiveness of the breeding nursery establishment method was assessed by comparing the yield of breeding lines and the number of culled forms. It was found that at the initial stage of winter triticale breeding process, it is advisable to select the initial forms based on the weight of the ear, establish the 1st year breeding nursery with an unthreaded ear and carry out a comprehensive assessment and culling of breeding material based on field and laboratory methods. This will significantly increase the volume of breeding material and improve the quality of assessments, reduce labor intensity in the culling of selected inflorescences and lines.
State agrarian policy and the efficiency of its implementation at the regional level
Authors: Alekseeva N A , Tarasova O A , Sokolov V A , Mironova Z A
Published: January 2022

Structural and dynamic changes in directions, forms, volumes of state support for agricultural producers in the “post-sanction” period were considered from the standpoint of various scientists. A slight increase in the index of agricultural production, a transition from compensatory to incentive support measures, a significant development of small forms of business are predicted: farming, consumer and industrial cooperation. The author’s method of assessing the effectiveness of new forms of support is proposed based on comparing the amounts and directions of obtained subsidies with changes in the competitiveness of crop and livestock products. The approbation of this technique on agricultural production cooperatives in Udmurtia showed an increase in the state support efficiency, as well as the benefits of further specialization of the republic in the production of dairy products. The technique can be used by the authorities to improve agricultural policy.
Formation of the yield of oil crops of the Brassicaceae family in the Middle Cis-Urals
Authors: Vafina E F , Kokonov S I , Mazunina N I , Milchakova A V
Published: January 2022

The article presents data on the study of the formation of the seed yield of spring oil crops in the conditions of the Middle Cis-Urals. The work is based on the results of a two-factor microfield experiment, where factor A - crops - rape and camelina, factor B - varieties of crops - rape Accord and Podmoskovny, camelina Veles and Yubilyar. The relevance of the study is related to the growing interest in oil crops. The research methodology is generally accepted in agronomy. Camelina was characterized by a faster rate of development, its growing season was 89-109 days, rape - 109-147 days. Morphological and biological features of crops were revealed – a large height of rape plants, their damage by blossom weevil and diamondback moth and the associated lower (50%) survival rate of plants during vegetation; lower seed content (by 44 pcs.) and the formation of smaller seeds (the weight of 1000 seeds was 2.08 g inferior to the same indicator of rape) in camelina. With such a yield structure, camelina had an advantage of 18 g/m2. The crops did not differ in the content of crude protein and fat in the seeds.
Assessment of fiber flax varieties according to the parameters of ecological plasticity in the conditions of the Ural region of the non-chernozem zone of Russia
Authors: Korepanova E V , Fatykhov I Sh , Goreeva V N , Islamova Ch M
Published: January 2022

Experimental data on the assessment of flax varieties and breeding numbers were obtained in field experiments at the experimental field of ERPC - Agrotechnopark FSBEI HE Izhevsk SAA on sod-medium podzolic medium loamy soil in the grain-grass crop rotation in 2015-2016, 2018, 2020. It was found that the change in the yield of whole and long fiber in the varieties and breeding numbers of fiber flax by 41.6…64.3% was caused by the influence of soil and meteorological conditions. Among the studied collection, the combination of good plasticity and stability to abiotic conditions is characteristic of the domestic variety TOST 2, according to the yield of long fiber – the breeding number from Lithuania – B-168 and the variety from France – Diane. It was found that the domestic varieties TOAST 1, Zaryanka, Antey and the breeding number K4196×1288/12 provided relatively high stability in the yield of the whole and long fiber in various abiotic medium conditions. This made it possible to use these varieties as a source material in breeding programs.
Balance model of humus state of arable chernozems of the Western Siberia
Authors: Demin E A , Eremina D V
Published: January 2022

The results of model simulation of the humus state of arable soils in the Western Siberia based on long-term stationary studies and agrochemical monitoring of agricultural lands are presented. The following were studied: leached chernozem; podzolized chernozem; meadow-chernozem and dark gray forest soils. It was found that the nature of the root system formation depends on the biological characteristics of crops and cultivation conditions (the level of mineral nutrition, moisture). The mass of crop-root residues, as well as straw, is in close correlation with the yield of grain crops. Based on the actual data, regression equations were obtained with a high degree of reliability of the calculated data (approximation coefficient from R2= 0.84 to R2 = 0.93). Using the balance model of humus formation, it was found that the podzolized chernozem and dark gray forest soil were the least resistant to the anthropogenic factor. As a result of prolonged agricultural activity (52 years), humus losses in them amounted to 28 and 37 t/ha, which corresponded to annual losses of 0.54 and 0.71 t/ha. Leached arable chernozems lost 24 t/ha of humus, which corresponded to annual losses of 0.46 t/ha. In the course of the study, it was revealed that the arable land of the Western Siberia has a stable negative balance of humus state, which requires optimization of the farming system in the region.
Assessment of self-adjustment of tillage working bodies to soil conditions
Authors: Dzhabborov Nozim , Dobrinov Aleksandr
Published: January 2022

Assessment of self-adjustment, that is, automatically adjusting parameters of tillage working bodies as a result of soil exposure, is an urgent task, since it is associated with the problem of developing energy-efficient tillage units. The purpose of the research is to assess the self-adjustment of typical and dynamic tillage working bodies to specific soil conditions during their functioning. The objects of research are a dynamic tillage working body with an energy-storage transmitting device and a typical tillage working body for continuous surface treatment of various soil types. The subject of research was the indicators of self-adjustment of tillage working bodies to soil conditions. During the research, methods of mathematical modeling, strain measurement of tillage working bodies, analysis and generalization of experimental data were used. The scientific novelty of the work is represented by the selected criteria for assessing the self-adjustment of working bodies and the patterns of their change from the movement speed. As criteria for assessing the self-adjustment of tillage working bodies, the following were selected: the coefficient of terradynamic resistance, the specific traction resistance per unit of its active frontal area, the number of degrees of freedom of the tillage working body and indicators for assessing the tillage quality. Based on the proposed evaluation criteria, it was experimentally established that the dynamic tillage working body developed by the authors with an energy-storage transmitting device is more efficient and adapted to changing soil conditions in comparison with a typical working body, which provides a reduction in traction resistance by an average of 20% and an increase in the degree of soil loosening by an average of 8.4-8.8% compared with typical working bodies.
The experience of the European Union in training specialists for the agricultural sector of the economy
Authors: Pritula Raissa , Jabassova Zhanat , Ostryanina Tatyana , Pritula Yevgeniya
Published: January 2022

The article deals with the issues related to the transformation of the experience of agricultural management in the countries of the European Union into educational programs of higher educational institutions in Kazakhstan and Central Asian countries. Productive interaction in the agricultural sector, exchange of interns with partner universities contributes to the development of long-term and effective cooperation in training specialists of a new format. Organizational research methods expand analytical work to study the experience of educational services in the EU countries. The results of the study are confirmed by the acquired skills and knowledge on the new official educational course and the corresponding output document. The experience of the European Union in training specialists for the agricultural sector of the economy has been introduced into the educational process in educational institutions of Kazakhstan, and is also disseminated within the framework of the international school of economics and management of the consortium of agricultural universities for the development of the countries of Central Asia and the South Caucasus, as well as through academic mobility of the teaching staff.
Modeling of solar batteries operating modes
Authors: Sheryazov S K , Nikishin Y A , Schelybaev M V , Chigak A S , Doskenov A Kh
Published: January 2022

For the solar power engineering development it is essential to determine the photovoltaic plant energy indicators by modeling the solar batteries operating modes. To obtain an adequate solar battery model, we need to determine its main parameters on the basis of an equivalent electric circuit. Modeling the solar battery operating mode, it is necessary to take into account the influence of its heating temperature. We propose a combined research algorithm in MS Excel with the installed add-on “Search for a solution” for modeling of solar battery operating mode. We have given the results of modeling the solar battery operating mode where the calculated solar battery maximum power including its heating, satisfactory matches with the experimental data. The research shows that excluding the solar battery heating, the maximum power value and, accordingly, its efficiency are overestimated in comparison with the experimental data. Moreover, the results of modeling excluding its heating do not provide the required accuracy and the modeling mistakes are more than 30% especially at relatively high values of solar radiation. The given model allows to determine the equivalent circuit parameters and determine the solar battery maximum power depending on the considered factors of its heating temperature and the incoming solar energy.
Hydromorphological dependences of the meandring riverbed forms in the lower course of the Amudarya river
Authors: Ibragimov I A , Juraev U A , Inomov D I
Published: January 2022

At coming up with of civil engineering constructions within the watercourse hydraulic calculation of the riverbeds is made. Hydraulic calculation establishes bottom main parameters: width, depth of a stream and radius of curvature of the river beds, and so on. In article results of studying of changes of morphological parameters of the riverbed are yielded: width of a bed, average depths of a stream and radius of a dynamic axis of a stream on river beds in conditions of regulated a water flow on water basins. On the footing of the statement of results from examination of hydraulic parameters of a stream with use of a method of dimension connections of width, average depths of a stream and radius of a dynamic axis of a stream from the factor forming a river bed are received.
Methods for elaborating a human capital development strategy
Authors: Avdeev E V , Ternovykh K S , Lytneva N A , Kozlov A A
Published: January 2022

The paper is devoted to elaborating the methodology for determining the elements of a strategy for human capital development in the agrarian sector. It highlights the ways of formation of a strategy for human capital development, such as PEST (STEP) analysis; Porter’s five forces framework; SWOT analysis; SNW analysis; methods of demographic forecasting including methods for predicting changes in the age-sex structure of rural population and migration flows analysis; methods of economic and mathematical modeling with their certain specification for research purposes. It is proved that consistent use of the considered methods allows a comprehensive approach to the elaboration of a strategy for human capital development in the agrarian sector.
Assessment of the level of human capital development in the agricultural sector: indicators and their systematization
Authors: Ternovykh K S , Avdeev E V , Markova A L , Kyshtymova E A
Published: January 2022

The paper presents a systematization of indicators of human capital development in the agrarian sector. Three groups of indicators have been identified that allow a comprehensive approach to the analysis of quantitative reproduction of human capital, i.e. social indicators, socio-economic indicators and indicators of development of migration processes. The authors consider human development index (HDI) as a tool for assessing the quality of human capital that characterizes the level of human capital development in different countries and regions of the world, as well as determine the peculiarities of its application, as well as limitations and assumptions of research results obtained with this tool. The criteria have been determined for evaluating the efficiency of strategy being implemented in the agrarian sector. They make it possible to assess the relationship, interdependence and impact of the strategy both on the development of individual components of human capital system and the economy of the Agro-Industrial Complex as a whole. It has been established that state development strategies should be assessed according to their social and economic efficiency.
Assessment of collection samples of leeks for cultivation and breeding in the North-Western region of the Russian Federation
Authors: Scherbakova G V , Adritskaya N A , Shkorlakova O M
Published: January 2022

21 collection samples of leek were assessed to identify appreciable varieties for breeding and cultivation in the conditions of the North-Western region of Russia. The study was performed in 2015-2019 at the experimental field of the Pushkin laboratories of the Department of Genetic Resources of Vegetable Crops of N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources. We have found varietal differentiation in terms of growth, yield and biochemistry of the studied leek samples. The dynamics of leek growth identified an advantage in the number of leaves, the sheath diameter and the increase in plant mass in the Anika, Lincoln and Banditd samples in 2015-2016 and in the Gayia, Elefant and Malabare samples in 2018-2019, which provided a heavy yield.
Transformable greenhouse for climatically optimized agriculture
Authors: Blazhnov Alexander , Fetisova Maria , Glukhova Lilia , Volodin Sergey , Kolomytseva Anastasia
Published: January 2022

Constructive solutions and advantages of a transformable greenhouse are considered. The greenhouse is provided with two welded frames - an external (stationary) one that can absorb atmospheric loads, and an internal (mobile) one made of less massive steel profiles with a translucent fence of each frame made of honeycomb polycarbonate panels. In order to reduce the cost of heating the greenhouse and eliminate the need to provide for a seedling department, a technical solution for a transformable energy-efficient greenhouse has been developed and patented, which can be used in small forms of farming. A technical solution for a transformable greenhouse has been proposed, which provides an opportunity to reduce energy costs when growing agricultural products in the cold season, eliminates the need to provide a seedling department and allows you to increase the planting area in the warm season. The economically feasible resistance to heat transfer of the greenhouse enclosing structure has been substantiated.
Ways of Increasing the Efficiency of Sheep Breeding in the Russian Federation
Authors: Marinchenko T E
Published: January 2022

The sheep breeding industry in Russia remains one of the most extensive among other livestock industries. The main task of the industry is to intensify production through selection work and the introduction of up-to-date equipment and technologies. Therefore, the assessment of sufficiency and the development of proposals for improving engineering and process infrastructure and the main ways of scientific research in the field of sheep breeding in order to achieve the tasks set for the industry by the government is relevant. At the same time, digitalization processes in animal husbandry are underway, which can become a good basis for modernization in the industry. Farmers and households remain the main producers of wool and meat. There is a positive experience of introducing new processes for keeping and feeding them in their production and subsequent production of better quality products.
Approaches to the plane landscapes altitudinal organization study
Authors: Gorbunov A S , Mikhno V B , Bikovskaya O P , Sarychev D V
Published: January 2022

Terrain elevation variations (absolute and relative) play a special role in the organization of plain landscapes. They are most clearly observed in the form of zonal landscape vertical differentiation. Vertical relief transformation leads to formation of altitudinal landscape systems, which are dynamically and morphologically united groups of landscapes. They have a common altitudinal position and genesis under the influence of horizontal and vertical physiographic process. We have analyzed the influence of relative and absolute altitudes on morphometric parameters of the land surface as well as indicators of landscape-forming processes and textural terrain indicators, and so identified altitudinal landscape systems of different dimensions. A well-studied region in terms of landscape science, the Central Black Earth region, was the case study area. As a result of the study, we revealed spatial patterns in (i) the indicators of horizontal and vertical terrain ruggedness in relation to the absolute terrain altitudes at the level of landscape, and (ii) the morphometric indicators of terrain, landscape-forming processes and landscape shapes at the local level.
Recreational use and spatial organization of rural regions in terms of new sociological and economic factors
Authors: Lopina E , Kireeva-Genenko I , Churilova E
Published: January 2022

Important issues regarding the exploration of aesthetically attractive and recreationally important objects within the boundaries of traditional rural regions are discussed. The usage of the proposed methodological approach to the evaluation of aesthetical and consumer parameters regarding the regional settlement system is demonstrated in the example of rural regions located in Valuysky Municipal District, Belgorod Oblast. Specific features of recreational activities, their unique forms, and coherence between different types of environmental management are determined. Environmental representation coefficients, recreational radiuses, the local residents’ group with the appropriate frequency of recreational activity, and the recreational load are calculated. The necessity and promise of using such studies result in making social, economic, and geoscientific decisions related to the development of the land use planning documents, including recreational complex organization are shown.