bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oromandibular reconstruction with vascularized free flaps: A review of 50 cases
Authors: Gabr E.M. , Kobayashi M.R. , Salibian A.H. , Armstrong W.B. , Sundine M. , Calvert J.W. , Evans G.R.D.
Published: July 2004

Fifty cases of oromandibular reconstruction using vascularized free flaps to evaluate functional parameters of results were evaluated. There were 23 iliac crest flaps, 17 fibula flaps, 30 ulnar forearm flaps, and 3 radial forearm flaps with bone. Thirteen female and 37 male patients comprised the study, with a mean age of 57.66 years. Squamous‐cell carcinoma (SCC) constituted 86% of cases, of which 60% were T4 lesions and 13.9% were recurrent. Anterolateral mandibular defects constituted 48.7%, and the mean bone gap was 8.13 cm. Functional evaluation was based on the University of Washington Questionnaire (UWQ) through phone calls and personal communication. The mean hospital stay was 12.42 days. The external carotid (75%) and facial (18.3%) were the main recipient arteries. The internal jugular (47.05%) was the main recipient vein. Overall flap survival was 95.9%. Three flaps were lost due to unsalvageable venous thrombosis. Major local complications such as partial flap loss, hematoma, and orocervical fistula constituted 10% of cases. Speech was classified as “excellent” and “good” in 43.3% of cases. Swallowing was identified as “excellent” and “good” in 53.3% of cases. Cosmetic acceptance was rated “good” in 63.3% of cases. Vascularized free flap reconstruction of oromandibular defects provides excellent functional and aesthetic results. The majority of patients are able to tolerate a regular diet. Intelligible speech and acceptable appearance are restored, providing patient satisfaction. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 24:1–4 2004.
Application of data‐compressing technique to far field pattern prediction in FDTD simulation
Authors: Wang Sicong , Zhou Baixin , Yu Wenhua
Published: July 2004

The data‐compressing technique, which has been broadly used in signal processing, is employed to efficiently predict the far‐field pattern in a finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) simulation. In this paper, we present a technique by which we compress the data of a surface‐field distribution on the surface of a Huygens' box and save it in a compressed file format that is much smaller than its original size. The far‐field pattern is predicted by using the reconstructed data in the time domain through the near‐to‐far‐field transformation module. A patch antenna is employed to validate the proposed scheme. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 437–441, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20329
A new integrated match for CPW‐FED slot antennas
Authors: Perruisseau‐Carrier Julien , Llorens del Río Daniel , Mosig Juan R.
Published: July 2004

A new, compact way to match slot antennas to a coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed is presented. In addition to its advantages of flexibility, reduced size, and increased bandwidth, a good analytical approximation of the matched antenna behavior is possible. An equivalent circuit and procedures for its design are presented. A set of T‐matched antennas has been built and measured at the S‐band. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 444–448, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20331
Cross‐polarization suppression of dual‐polarization linear microstrip antenna arrays
Authors: Liang Xian‐Ling , Zhong Shun‐Shi , Wang Wei
Published: July 2004

The cross‐polarization suppression of dual‐polarization linear microstrip antenna arrays is investigated theoretically and experimentally. Four designs of 4‐element linear microstrip antenna arrays for suppressing cross‐polarization are presented by using the pair‐wise anti‐phase feeding technique and different combinations. The simulated results are in good agreement with the experimental ones. The experimental results show that one design (design D) has much lower cross‐polarization level (about 6–10 dB) and higher isolation (about 2–4 dB) than the other three designs. The cross‐polarization level of this array is less than −27 dB and the isolation between two polarization ports is better than 34 dB in the entire frequency range of 8.74–9.5 GHz. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 448–451, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20332
Optimization of planar diamond antenna for single‐band and multiband UWB wireless communications
Authors: Wu Xuan Hui , Chen Zhi Ning , Yang Ning
Published: July 2004

A planar diamond antenna is optimized for UWB wireless communications. The optimal design guarantees a flat |S21| response over the UWB band for a corresponding transmitting/receiving antenna system. By revealing the reasons underlying an uneven |S21| response, this paper presents an approach for optimal design. In addition, the antenna performances for both single‐band and multiband schemes are also investigated. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 451–455, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20333
A Ka‐band PHEMT diode double‐balanced star mixer MMIC
Authors: Huang C. W. , Chang S. J. , Wu W. , Wu C. L. , Chang C. S.
Published: July 2004

This paper describes the design and measurement of a double‐balanced monolithic star mixer using a double planar baluns with a Marchand section followed by a coupled‐line structure. The microwave and millimeter‐wave integrated circuits (MMICs) are fabricated on commercially available InGaAs/AlGaAs pseudomorphic high‐electron‐mobility transistor (PHEMT) processes with a chip size of 1.43 × 1.28 mm2. The typical up‐conversion loss is 7 dB with an LO‐to‐RF isolation better than 28 dB. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 455–458, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20334
Measurement of complex permittivity and permeability of carbonyl iron powders at microwave frequencies
Authors: Wang Yong , Afsar Mohammed N.
Published: July 2004

Experimental results of the complex permittivity and permeability of carbonyl iron powders are presented. It is found that the complex permeability of these samples is quite similar due to the high content of iron while the complex permittivity of the samples is significantly different for various contents of the samples. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 458–459, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20335
Ultra‐wideband square planar monopole antenna for IEEE 802.16a operation in the 2–11‐GHz band
Authors: Su Saou‐Wen , Wong Kin‐Lu , Tang Chia‐Lun
Published: July 2004

A new square planar monopole antenna capable of providing a very wide impedance bandwidth of larger than 10 GHz is presented. The ultra‐wideband property for the proposed antenna is achieved by using a new impedance‐matching technique of cutting a pair of notches at the two lower corners of the square planar monopole. With suitable dimensions of the notches chosen, the impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna can be greatly enhanced to be larger than four times that of a corresponding simple square planar monopole antenna (about 10.7 versus 2.5 GHz in this study). A constructed prototype with an ultra‐wideband property covering the 2–11‐GHz band for IEEE 802.16a operation is presented and discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 463–466, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20337
An unsplit Berenger‐like PML for the ADI‐FDTD method
Authors: Godoy Rubio R. , González García S. , Rubio Bretones A. , Gómez Martín R.
Published: July 2004

In this paper, we systematically obtain an unsplit form of Berenger's PML equations using the alternating‐direction‐implicit finite‐difference time‐domain (ADI‐FDTD) method to prevent some instabilities from appearing in the split‐form implementation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 466–469, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20338
Exploration of a thin YIG film‐based coplanar isolator
Authors: Capraro S. , Boudiar T. , Rouiller T. , Chatelon J. P. , Bayard B. , Le Berre M. , Payet‐Gervy B. , Blanc‐Mignon M. F. , Rousseau J. J.
Published: July 2004

In this paper, we present the experimental results of a coplanar isolator made on both bulk YIG and thin‐film YIG. An external field has been applied on this device and we observe the amplitude of the nonreciprocal effect, which is between 1.8 and 6.2 dB for a resonance frequency of 3.3 and 6.9 GHz for bulk YIG and a nonreciprocal effect of 0.3 dB at 9 GHz for 2.5‐μm YIG thin films. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 470–471, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20339
Van Atta retro‐directive slot‐antenna array on cylindrical laminate
Authors: Christodoulou Michael G. , Notis Dimitrios T. , Chrissoulidis Dimitrios P.
Published: July 2004

A Van Atta, retro‐directive, slot‐antenna array on a cylindrical laminate is designed for use at 3.25 GHz. The array comprises four slots in a line, engraved on the front side of the laminate; the interconnecting microstrip feed lines are on the backside. Radiation patterns of the array are determined by FDTD calculations as well as measurements. The monostatic RCS of the array, compared to an all‐copper surface of the same size and shape as the cylindrical laminate, can be enhanced by 5 to 20 dB if the polar angle of the backscattering direction is in the range 20°–55°. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 471–474, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20340
Temperature compensation for micro‐vibration sensor with fiber gratings
Authors: Dong Xingfa , Huang Yonglin , Lang Kewei , Zhang Weigang , Kai Guiyun , Dong Xiaoyi
Published: July 2004

A technique for temperature compensation in fiber grating vibration sensor is reported. It uses two FBGs as strain‐differential sensors and its temperature effects are compensated. By using this technique, the total variation in wavelength difference within the range of 3° to 45°C is 0.03 nm, 1/14 of the uncompensated fiber Bragg grating. The output waveform is still distortionless at the vibration frequency up to 715 Hz. The factors affecting the sensitivity and the frequency bandwidth are also discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 474–476, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20341
A planar DTV receiving antenna for laptop applications
Authors: Wong Kin‐Lu , Lin Chun‐I , Wu Tzuenn‐Yih , Lai Jeng‐Wen
Published: July 2004

A novel low‐profile planar metal‐plate monopole antenna suitable for digital television (DTV) signal reception in the UHF band for laptops or portable computers is presented. The proposed antenna is a tab‐shaped planar monopole with a low profile of 46 mm (about 9% of the wavelength at 600 MHz) and shows a wide operating bandwidth (2.5:1 VSWR) of 262 MHz (larger than 40% centered at about 600 MHz). When in operation, the proposed antenna protrudes from the top edge of the supporting metal frame of the laptop display. When not in operation, owing to its planar structure, the proposed antenna is suitable to be retracted back inside the laptop casing behind the display. The proposed antenna is implemented and studied. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 483–486, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20344
Fiber‐optic Fabry‐Perot interferometric gas‐pressure sensors embedded in pressure fittings
Authors: Xiao Gao Zhi , Adnet Audrey , Zhang Zhiyi , Lu Zhenguo , Grover Chander P.
Published: July 2004

In this paper, gas pressure sensors embedded in high‐pressure fittings are developed. The sensors are based on Fabry–Perot interferometry and can be used to precisely monitor the gas‐pressure change. In this paper, we discuss the operating principle of the developed sensors and present some results of their applications in the pressure monitoring of nitrogen gas. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 486–489, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20345
Optimum compact H‐ and E‐plane corners in rectangular waveguide
Authors: Casanueva Alicia , Pereda José A. , Mediavilla Angél
Published: July 2004

H‐ and E‐plane corners in rectangular waveguide are widely used in microwave systems. An important aspect in the design of these components is to maintain a specified return loss over a wide‐frequency band. Designs that are compact in size are also required to fulfill space and insertion‐loss restrictions. In this paper, two families of compact matched corners are considered: the multistepped and multimitered compact matched corners. Optimum physical dimensions that minimize return losses over the full‐frequency band are given for the first three members of each family, for the H‐ and E‐plane cases. In addition, a yield analysis of the optimum structures is included. The results are obtained by using the electromagnetic commercial simulator μWave Wizard. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 494–497, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20347
Asymmetric core photonic‐crystal fibers with high birefringence
Authors: Zhao Chun‐Liu , Lu Chao , Zhou Xiaoqun , Yang Xiufeng , Chaudhuri Partha Roy , Wang Xiaoyan , Lou Junjun , Qin Li , Qing Cai
Published: July 2004

We demonstrate a highly birefringent photonic‐crystal fiber by utilizing combined asymmetric core design and intentional stress‐induced anisotropy. Based on spectral measurements of the polarization‐mode interference, we measure that the fiber has a beat length of about 0.33 mm at 1545 nm. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 498–500, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20348
Dielectric properties of human urine at microwave frequencies
Authors: Lonappan Anil , Hamsakkutty V. , Bindu G. , Jacob Joe , Thomas Vinu , Mathew K. T.
Published: July 2004

Microwave technology plays a key role in diagnostic and therapeutic medicine. This paper presents a comprehensive study of dielectric properties of urine collected at different intervals of time at microwave frequencies. Measurement is done using cavity perturbation technique at the S‐band of microwave frequency. Urine samples are collected from normal as well as persons with diabetes mellitus and the reported results provide an alternative in‐vitro method of diagnosing diabetes mellitus. The same samples are subjected to investigations in the clinical laboratory for quantitative analysis. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 500–503, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20349
A feasibility study of ZnO‐based FBAR devices for an ultra‐mass‐sensitive sensor application
Authors: Mai Linh , Kim Dong‐Hyun , Yim Munhyuk , Yoon Giwan
Published: July 2004

We present a feasibility study of ZnO‐based FBAR devices and their fabrications for the ultra‐mass‐sensitive sensor application. In this work, a considerable shift in the resonance frequency is observed due to the mass‐loading effect by a mixture of ink and volatile methanol. A high sensitivity of 0.05 × 105 Hz · cm2/ng is obtained in the FBAR‐based device, which is ∼5 orders of magnitude higher than that of 0.057 Hz · cm2/ng reported in the conventional 5‐MHz quartz crystal microbalance. This approach seems useful for the ultra‐high‐mass resolution chemical sensor or biosensor applications. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 505–507, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20351
High‐Q LIGA‐MEMS vertical cantilever variable capacitors for upper microwave frequencies
Authors: Haluzan Darcy T. , Klymyshyn David M.
Published: July 2004

Simulation results for four MEMS variable capacitors suitable for fabrication using the LIGA process are presented. AQ‐factor as high as 435.6 was obtained using a copper‐device layer. The capacitor with a nominal capacitance of 0.24 pF has a self‐resonant frequency of 33.7 GHz, making it suitable for operation up to frequencies of approximately 18 GHz. Using a “pull‐away” actuation design, a tuning ratio of 1.43:1 was obtained with tuning voltages as low as 6.1 V. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 507–511, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20352
High performance CPW and microstrip ring resonators on silicon substrates
Authors: Chen C. C. , Hung B. F. , Chin Albert , McAlister S. P.
Published: July 2004

High performance CPW and novel microstrip ring resonators at ∼30 GHz and 40 GHz have been fabricated on Si substrates, using an optimized proton‐implantation process. Very good insertion loss and resonator characteristics, close to those from ideal electro‐magnetic simulations, were measured. In contrast, the ring resonators on VLSI‐standard Si, without implantation, have worse transmission and reflection loss, thus prohibiting applications in RF circuits. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 511–514, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20353
5.2‐GHz subharmonic injection‐locked distributed oscillator
Authors: Yuen Chung Ming , Tsang Kim Fung
Published: July 2004

A novel subharmonic injection‐locked distributed oscillator is proposed and presented. A 5.2‐GHz distributed oscillator is locked to a 2.6‐GHz injection source. The injection source is applied to the feedback path between the collector line and the base line of the distributed oscillator for optimal locking range. The circuit is designed for 2.7‐V operation. The developed oscillator delivers +3‐dBm output power with a phase noise of −110 dBc/Hz at 500‐kHz offset at 5.2 GHz. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 514–516, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20354
Design of a resistive cascode FET direct‐conversion mixer with zero bias‐current
Authors: Kim Jeongpyo , Choi Jaehoon
Published: July 2004

A direct‐conversion mixer with zero‐bias current for IMT‐2000 application is designed by using the resistive cascode FET structure and is driven by the 2nd‐harmonic of the local oscillator (LO) signal. Due to the zero‐bias current operation of the cascode FET, the designed mixer has characteristics of very high‐power efficiency and low‐power consumption. In addition, the designed mixer not only has good linearity but also no conversion loss. When the designed mixer is driven by a 0‐dBm LO signal, it has characteristics of 0.67‐dB conversion gain, 4‐dBm input P−1dB, 8.25‐dBm IIP3, and 8.2‐dBm IIP2. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 516–518, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20355
Structural determination of novel terpenes from Buddleia lindleyana
Authors: Lu Jianghai , Tu Guangzhong , Zhao Yuying , Lv Yang , Liu Li Ying , Wu Yunshan
Published: July 2004

Three novel terpenes, named buddlindeterpene A, B and C, were isolated from Buddleia lindleyana Fort. The complete 1H and 13C NMR assignments of the three compounds were carried out by using DEPT, COSY, HMQC and HMBC techniques. The stereochemistry of 1 and 3 was confirmed by single‐crystal x‐ray diffraction analysis. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1H and 13C NMR signal assignment of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids from Fumaria officinalis L. (Papaveraceae)
Authors: Seger Christoph , Sturm Sonja , Strasser Eva‐Maria , Ellmerer Ernst , Stuppner Hermann
Published: July 2004

The NMR signal assignments of a series of structurally divergent benzylisoquinolines isolated from Fumaria officinalis L. (Fumariaceae, Papaverales), namely adlumine, corlumine, corydamine, cryptopine, fumarophycine, O‐methylfumarophycine, hydrastine, parfumine, protopine and sinactine, are presented. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Urethral retro‐resistance pressure: A new clinical measure of urethral function
Authors: Slack M. , Tracey M. , Hunsicker K. , Godwin A. , Patel B. , Sumeray M.
Published: July 2004

Aims

The urethral retro‐resistance pressure (URP) is a new retrograde measurement of urethral function. URP is the pressure required to achieve and maintain an open sphincter. The assessment of any potential diagnostic measure must include an evaluation in individuals both with and without disease. In this study, we examined URP values in women without urinary incontinence.

Methods

Four centers enrolled 61 women who did not report symptoms of urinary incontinence, and who had negative standing stress tests (SST). Each center was to perform three consecutive URP measurements on each subject. At two centers, 32 subjects returned in 3–7 days for three additional URP measurements. We compared the average URP in this asymptomatic population to the average URP from women symptomatic of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) derived from a previous study. We evaluated the within‐subject variation of the URP measurement at a single visit and the within‐subject change in URP over time using test and retest values.

Results

The mean age was 33 ± 9 years and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 24 ± 6. URP values were normally distributed. The mean URP at visit 1 was 112.6 ± 39.2 cm H2O (n = 60). This was statistically significantly different from the mean URP of symptomatic women (69.9 cm H2O, P < 0.0001). The within‐subject standard deviation of URP at visit 1 was 12.6 ± 12.6 cm H2O (n = 60) and at retest visit was 9.3 ± 6.2 cm H2O (n = 32). For the retest cases, the mean URP at visit 1 was 113.9 ± 39.9 cm H2O (n = 32) and at retest visit was 125.5 ± 33.9 cm H2O (n = 32) (Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, P = 0.145).

Conclusions

The mean URP measurement obtained in this study of asymptomatic women showed significantly higher values when compared to our study in women with SUI. The URP measurements were consistent within the same subject. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in the URP measurement from visit 1 to retest visit. The data suggest that URP shows promise as a physiological urethral pressure measurement. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Using intercostal muscle EMG to quantify maternal expulsive efforts during vaginal delivery: A pilot study
Authors: Demaria Fabien , Porcher Raphael , Ismael Samer Sheickh , Amarenco Gérard , Fritel Xavier , Madelenat Patrick , Benifla Jean‐Louis
Published: July 2004

Aims

The expulsive forces of childbirth can be included among the many potential risk factors implicated in the subsequent development of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women. The objective of this study was to devise a non‐invasive way to measure abdominal pushing that would accurately represent the expulsive forces during childbirth.

Methods

By means of intravesical and intrauterine manometry, and electromyography (EMG) of intercostal muscles, we quantified these forces in 21 women during vaginal delivery.

Results

A mathematical analysis of variance (ANOVA) model showed the integral of intravesical pressure to be significantly associated (P < 0.001) with the integral of intercostal muscle electrical activity during the first six uterine contractions during the phase of fetal expulsion.

Conclusions

EMG is a non‐invasive measurement that can replace intravesical determinations to quantify these forces as it reflects the real intra‐abdominal pressure. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of dopaminergic treatment on bladder function in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Winge Kristian , Werdelin Lene M. , Nielsen Kurt K. , Stimpel Hans
Published: July 2004

Aims

To evaluate the nature of voiding complaints, findings on urodynamics and the effects of medication on bladder control in a group of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients between the ages of 30–60 years.

Methods

Thirty‐two patients with PD were evaluated by questionnaires, PD rating scales, and full urodynamics evaluation. To evaluate lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), we used the Danish Prostate Symptom Score (Dan‐PSS). PD was evaluated using Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), and Hoehn and Yahr rating scale for PD. Urodynamics were performed while the patients were on dopaminergic therapy, and after stopping this for three half lives.

Results

There was a significant correlation between the Dan‐PSS score and UPDRS, Spearman's rho = 0.50, (P = 0.004), and between the score of irritative symptoms in Dan‐PSS and motor symptoms (UPDRSIII) is seen (Spearman's rho = 0.50, P = 0.003). Patients with significant bladder symptoms (≥10 points in Dan‐PSS) had a significantly higher bladder capacity in the medicated state than after wash out (P = 0.04), while patients with out bladder symptoms had no difference. Patients with a significant increase in bladder capacity on medication had a significantly higher interval between the volume of first sensation of bladder filling and bladder capacity when medicated (P = 0.01) than after wash out. Patient who did not benefit from medication had a significant lower interval off medication (P = 0.008).

Conclusions

The effects of dopaminergic treatment on bladder control and urodynamic parameters are unpredictable in the individual patient, though most patients experience significant changes. We have also demonstrated the complexity of bladder control, and that patients with PD may be particularly susceptible to develop complex micturitional dysfunction. Our data indicates that cortical dysfunction may play a significant role in bladder dysfunction in PD parallel to the pontine lesion. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Postoperative funneling after anti‐incontinence surgery—a prognostic indicator?—part 1: Colposuspension
Authors: Skala Christine , Emons Günter , Krauß Thomas , Hilgers Reinhard , Gauruder‐Burmester Annett , Lange Rainer , Bader Werner , Viereck Volker
Published: July 2004

Aims

How does funneling of the bladder neck after open colposuspension affect the postoperative cure rate?

Methods

In a retrospective study, 310 patients who underwent primary colposuspension for urodynamically proven genuine stress urinary incontinence were assessed by introital ultrasound before and immediately after surgery as well as at 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 months. A total of 152 women completed 48‐month follow‐up. Objective cure rates at the different follow‐up times were calculated and correlated with the presence of postoperative bladder neck funneling.

Results

The objective cure rate up to 6 months after colposuspension was 90.0 versus 76.8% up to 48‐month follow‐up. Urge symptoms occurred in 11.6% (36/310) of the women and de novo urge incontinence in 1.6% (5/310). Bladder neck funneling was significantly reduced after anti‐incontinence surgery, from 55.2% before surgery to 12.3% (38/310) at 6‐month follow‐up (P < 0.0001). Postoperative funneling was associated with a higher recurrence rate. In the funneling group, 58.8 and 40.6% of the patients were continent up to 6 and 48 months, respectively, as opposed to 93.8 and 81.3% in the group without funneling (P < 0.0001). Urgency and de novo urge incontinence were more common in the funneling group (23.5 and 28.3% up to 6 and 48 months, respectively, vs. 12.7 and 13.5%; P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Patients in whom funneling of the bladder neck diagnosed before surgery persists after colposuspension have a higher risk of recurrence and are more likely to develop postoperative complications. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Indwelling urethral catheter and mortality in frail elderly women living in community
Authors: Landi Francesco , Cesari Matteo , Onder Graziano , Zamboni Valentina , Barillaro Christian , Lattanzio Fabrizia , Bernabei Roberto
Published: July 2004

Aim

Urinary incontinence is one of the most common, disruptive and often disabling conditions affecting frail older people living in community. The aims of present study were to describe the prevalence of bladder catheter in a population of older women living in community and to examine the relationship between urinary catheter and mortality.

Methods

This was an observational cohort study. We analyzed data from the Italian Silver Network Home Care project that collected data on patients admitted to Home Care programs. A total of twelve Home Health Agencies participated in such project evaluating the implementation of the Minimum Data Set for Home Care (MDS‐HC) instrument. A total of 1,004 women were enrolled in the present study. The main outcome measures were prevalence of bladder catheter and 1‐year survival according to catheterization.

Results

The prevalence of incontinent patients with bladder catheter was 38.1%. Incontinent patients with indwelling bladder catheter did not show significant difference for age and comorbidity while they showed a significant higher level of physical and functional impairment, as expressed by higher score in activities of daily living (ADL) scale (6.5 ± 1.3 vs. 5.5 ± 2.2, P < 0.001) and higher prevalence of sensory impairment, pressure ulcers (44% vs. 12%, P < 0.001), and urinary tract infections (21% vs. 10%, P < 0.001). After adjusting for age and for all the variables significantly different between catheterized and not‐catheterized subjects at baseline, subjects with indwelling bladder catheter were more likely to die compared to those without catheter (RR, 1.44; 95% CI 1.01–2.07).

Conclusions

Catheterization has an important prognostic implication for frail old women living in the community, independent of age and other clinical and functional variables. A failure in decreasing the unnecessary bladder catheter use and the duration of catheterization among frail incontinent women should be considered an indicator of poor quality of care. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The case for diversifying: Beyond the usual suspects
Authors: Lee Calinda N.
Published: July 2004

Transformational leaders recognize that our prospect pool is not static. Evolving demographics dictate that development professionals embrace diversity and learn new skills to respond to the rich mosaic of our communities. Doing so will help us shatter old paradigms, expand our donor bases, and dramatically increase contributed income.
Helping board members understand their roles
Authors: Farr Lona M.
Published: July 2004

Board members play crucial roles in the resource development process. Their most important role is ensuring that the nonprofit organization is well governed and worthy of support, but they also support fundraising. Development professionals will only reach their full potential if they can help board members be effective in their resource development roles.
Photopolymerization of 1,6‐hexanedioldiacrylate initiated by three‐component systems based on N‐arylphthalimides
Authors: Cavitt T. Brian , Phillips Brian , Hoyle Charles E. , Pan Bo , Hait Sukhendu B. , Viswanathan Kalyanaraman , Jönsson Sonny
Published: July 2004

Three‐component photoinitiators comprised of an N‐arylphthalimide, a diarylketone, and a tertiary amine were investigated for their initiation efficiency of acrylate polymerization. The use of an electron‐deficient N‐arylphthalimide resulted in a greater acrylate polymerization rate than an electron‐rich N‐arylphthalimide. Triplet energies of each N‐arylphthalimide, determined from their phosphorescence spectra, and the respective rate constants for triplet quenching by the N‐arylphthalimide derivatives (acquired via laser flash photolysis) indicated that an electron–proton transfer from an intermediate radical species to the N‐arylphthalimide (not energy transfer from triplet sensitization) is responsible for generating the initiating radicals under the conditions and species concentrations used for polymerization. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 4009–4015, 2004
Synthesis and properties of novel soluble polyamides having ether linkages and laterally attached p‐terphenyl units
Authors: Hsiao Sheng‐Huei , Chang Yu‐Min
Published: July 2004

A new ether‐bridged aromatic dicarboxylic acid, 2′,5′‐bis(4‐carboxyphenoxy)‐p‐terphenyl (3), was synthesized by the aromatic fluoro‐displacement reaction of p‐fluorobenzonitrile with 2′,5′‐dihydroxy‐p‐terphenyl in the presence of potassium carbonate, followed by alkaline hydrolysis. A set of new aromatic polyamides containing ether and laterally attached p‐terphenyl units was synthesized by the direct phosphorylation polycondensation of diacid 3 with various aromatic diamines. The polymers were produced with high yields and moderately high inherent viscosities (0.44–0.79 dL/g). The polyamides derived from 3 and rigid diamines, such as p‐phenylenediamine and benzidine, and a structurally analogous diamine, 2′,5′‐bis(4‐aminophenoxy)‐p‐terphenyl, were semicrystalline and insoluble in organic solvents. The other polyamides were amorphous and organosoluble and could afford flexible and tough films via solution casting. These films exhibited good mechanical properties, with tensile strengths of 91–108 MPa, elongations to break of 6–17%, and initial moduli of 1.95–2.43 GPa. These polyamides showed glass‐transition temperatures between 193 and 252 °C. Most of the polymers did not show significant weight loss before 450 °C, as revealed by thermogravimetric analysis in nitrogen or in air. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 4056–4062, 2004
Mechanism of the formation of stable microspheres by precipitation copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene
Authors: Eun Shim Sang , Yang Sunhye , Choe Soonja
Published: July 2004

Fully crosslinked, stable poly(styrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) microspheres were prepared by precipitation polymerization, and a new mechanism is proposed, based on the morphology, circularity, and specific surface area. Once the stable particles were generated by aggregation of the primary nucleus particles, they grew in size by absorbing oligomeric species without generating substantial pores. The investigation was carried out characterizing the particles in the polymerization time and in various concentrations of the polymerization ingredients. Particle size continuously grew, but the uniformity and circularity of the microspheres were reduced with polymerization time because of the higher reactivity of divinylbenzene. The measured specific surface areas of the microspheres all were less than 10 m2/g, which showed good agreement with calculated values under an assumption of no pores on the surface of the microspheres. Thus, the specific surface area of the microspheres supported the proposed mechanism. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 3967–3974, 2004
Poly(methyl methacrylate) encapsulation of calcium carbonate particles
Authors: Seul Soo Duk , Lee Sun Ryong , Kim Young Han
Published: July 2004

Dispersed calcium carbonate particles are encapsulated with poly(methyl methacrylate). The optimum condition for the polymerization is investigated; and the encapsulated particles are characterized by spectrophotometric analysis, acid decomposition, thermal analysis, and microscopic observation. From the conversion comparison of the MMA monomer it is found that the optimum concentration of polymerization initiator is 1.58 × 10−3 mol/L. The highest yield of encapsulation is obtained at 250 rpm with a concentration of 0.5 wt % surfactant (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate). A comparison of the Fourier transform IR spectra distinctly indicates the formation of PMMA on the surface of the calcium carbonate particles. The outcome of an acid decomposition test proves that the PMMA coating protects the particles. In addition, thermal analyses and microscopic observation characterize the PMMA on the surface of encapsulated particles. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 4063–4073, 2004
Synthesis and deblocking of cardanol‐ and anacardate‐blocked toluene diisocyanates
Authors: Nasar A. Sultan , Shrinivas V. , Shanmugam T. , Raghavan A.
Published: July 2004

Methyl anacardate and secondary butyl anacardate were prepared from anacardic acid and corresponding alcohols and were used, in addition to cardanol, as blocking agents for 2,4‐toluene diisocyanate (TDI). Blocked diisocyanate adducts were characterized via nitrogen estimation, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The deblocking temperatures of the adducts were determined using an FTIR spectrophotometer in conjunction with the carbon dioxide evolution method. The gel times of hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene–TDI adducts also were determined. Deblocking temperature and gel time analyses revealed that cardanol‐blocked 2,4‐TDI deblocks at a lower temperature and at a higher rate compared with anacardate‐blocked adducts. In addition, it was found that the electron‐withdrawing ester group reduces the deblocking temperature of the adduct only when it is in solvated form. All adducts were waxy solids that were found to be soluble in polyether polyol, polyester polyol, and polyhydrocarbon polyols. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 4047–4055, 2004
A new high‐throughput approach to measure copolymerization reactivity ratios using real‐time FTIR monitoring
Authors: Shaikh Sohel , Puskas Judit E. , Kaszas Gabor
Published: July 2004

This paper presents a novel high‐throughput approach to measure copolymerization reactivity ratios from a single experiment using high‐speed real‐time Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) monitoring of the isobutylene/isoprene (IB/IP) system initiated by 2‐chloro‐2,4,4‐trimethyl‐pentane (TMPCl)/TiCl4 in hexane/methyl chloride (Hx/MeCl) 60:40 v/v solvent at −80 °C. Traditional polymer analysis is severely limited in this system, which is riddled by side reactions. The reactivity ratios calculated by linear (Mayo‐Lewis and Kelen‐Tüdös) methods and by a nonlinear least square (NLLS) method (van Herk algorithm) showed good agreement with r1 =1.32 and r2 = 0.74 calculated using Mayr's nucleophilicity scale. Combination of the Kelen‐Tüdös and NLLS methods yielded r1 = 1.17 ± 0.01 and r2 = 0.99 ± 0.02. These values agree well with those reported by Thaler et al. but disagree with most reported data. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 4084–4100, 2004
Free radical and thermal curing of terpyridine‐modified terpolymers
Authors: Hofmeier Harald , El‐Ghayoury Abdelkrim , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: July 2004

Terpolymers bearing terpyridine as well as (meth)acrylates as free radical curable groups (UV‐curing) or hydroxyl groups (thermal curing with bis‐isocyanates) were synthesized and characterized using 1H NMR, IR and UV‐vis spectroscopy as well as GPC. Subsequently, the ability of covalent crosslinking via the UV‐initiated polymerization of the acrylate groups was investigated. Moreover, the thermal covalent crosslinking via the reaction of hydroxyl functionalized terpolymer and bis‐isocyanate compounds could be successfully achieved. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 4028–4035, 2004
Soluble, saturated‐red‐light‐emitting poly(p‐phenylenevinylene) containing triphenylamine units and cyano groups
Authors: Li Hongchao , Hu Yufeng , Zhang Yanguang , Ma Dongge , Wang Lixiang , Jing Xiabin , Wang Fosong
Published: July 2004

A conjugated poly(p‐CN‐phenylenevinylene) (PCNPV) containing both electron‐donating triphenylamine units and electron‐withdrawing cyano groups was prepared via Knoevenagel condensation in a good yield. Gel permeation chromatography suggested that the soluble polymer had a very high weight‐average molecular weight of 309,000. A bright and saturated red emission was observed under UV excitation in solution and film. Cyclic voltammetry showed that the polymer presented quasi‐reversible oxidation with a relatively low potential because of the triphenylamine unit. A single‐layer indium tin oxide/PCNPV/Mg–Ag device emitted a bright red light (633 nm). © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 3947–3953, 2004
FlexX‐Scan: Fast, structure‐based virtual screening
Authors: Schellhammer Ingo , Rarey Matthias
Published: July 2004

We present a new software module, FlexX‐Scan, for high‐throughput, structure‐based virtual screening. FlexX‐Scan was developed with the aim to further speed up the virtual screening process. Based on the incremental construction docking tool FlexX (Rarey et al., J Mol Biol 1996;261:470–489), a compact descriptor for representing favorable protein interaction spots within the protein binding site has been developed. The descriptor is calculated using special‐purpose clustering techniques applied to the usual interaction points created by FlexX. The algorithm automatically detects a small set of interaction spots in the binding site for positioning ligand functional groups. The parametrizations of the base placement and incremental construction algorithms have been adapted to the new interaction model. We tested the software tool on a diverse set of 200 protein–ligand complexes from the protein database (PDB) (Kramer et al., Proteins 1999;37:228–241). On average, the algorithm proposes about 90 interaction spots per binding site compared to about 1000 interaction dots in FlexX. We observe that the docking solutions of FlexX‐Scan have a root‐mean‐square deviation from the crystal structure similar to the deviation of docking solutions of standard FlexX. For further validation we also performed virtual screening experiments for cyclin‐dependent kinase 2, thrombin, angiotensin‐converting enzyme, and dihydrofolat reductase. In these experiments, we screened a set of 34,000 random compounds and a number of known actives for each target. With FlexX‐Scan, we achieved comparable enrichments to standard FlexX, with an averaged computing time of 5–10 s per compound, depending on parametrization. Proteins 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Escherichia coli adenylate kinase dynamics: Comparison of elastic network model modes with mode‐coupling 15N‐NMR relaxation data
Authors: Temiz N. Alpay , Meirovitch Eva , Bahar Ivet
Published: July 2004

The dynamics of adenylate kinase of Escherichia coli (AKeco) and its complex with the inhibitor AP5A, are characterized by correlating the theoretical results obtained with the Gaussian Network Model (GNM) and the anisotropic network model (ANM) with the order parameters and correlation times obtained with Slowly Relaxing Local Structure (SRLS) analysis of 15N‐NMR relaxation data. The AMPbd and LID domains of AKeco execute in solution large amplitude motions associated with the catalytic reaction Mg+2*ATP + AMP → Mg+2*ADP + ADP. Two sets of correlation times and order parameters were determined by NMR/SRLS for AKeco, attributed to slow (nanoseconds) motions with correlation time τ⟂ and low order parameters, and fast (picoseconds) motions with correlation time τ∥ and high order parameters. The structural connotation of these patterns is examined herein by subjecting AKeco and AKeco*AP5A to GNM analysis, which yields the dynamic spectrum in terms of slow and fast modes. The low/high NMR order parameters correlate with the slow/fast modes of the backbone elucidated with GNM. Likewise, τ∥ and τ⟂ are associated with fast and slow GNM modes, respectively. Catalysis‐related domain motion of AMPbd and LID in AKeco, occurring per NMR with correlation time τ⟂, is associated with the first and second collective slow (global) GNM modes. The ANM‐predicted deformations of the unliganded enzyme conform to the functional reconfiguration induced by ligand‐binding, indicating the structural disposition (or potential) of the enzyme to bind its substrates. It is shown that NMR/SRLS and GNM/ANM analyses can be advantageously synthesized to provide insights into the molecular mechanisms that control biological function. Proteins 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental indication for the existence of multiple Trp rotamers in von Willebrand Factor A3 domain
Authors: Hellings Mario , Engelborghs Yves , Deckmyn Hans , Vanhoorelbeke Karen , Schiphorst Marion E. , Akkerman Jan Willem N. , De Maeyer Marc
Published: July 2004

The first step in both normal haemostasis and arterial thrombosis is the interaction between collagen, von Willebrand factor (vWF), and glycoprotein Ib. The A3 domain of vWF forms the principal binding site for collagen type I and type III. Inhibition of the vWF‐collagen interaction by an anti‐human vWF monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 82D6A3 can be a potential way to prevent arterial thrombosis. Identification of the epitope of MoAb 82D6A3 showed recently that the consensus sequence SPWR obtained by phage display could adopt the conformation of the discontinuous epitope. Modelling showed that Trp982 in the vWF had to obtain a more solvent accessible conformation. We performed a detailed fluorescence study of Trp982 in the vWF A3. Using the method described by Hellings et al. (Biophys J 2003;85:1894–1902), we were able to identify two different low‐energy Trp982 rotamers and to link them with their experimentally derived fluorescence lifetimes. Fluorescence anisotropy showed no interconversion in the nanosecond timescale between the two different rotameric states. With these experiments, we gather strong indications for the existence of an exposed rotamer conformation and a rotamer that corresponds to the one observed in the X‐ray structure. These results strongly support the modeling work (Vanhoorelbeke et al., J Biol Chem 2003;278:37815‐37821). Proteins 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel scoring function for modeling structures of oligomers of transmembrane α‐helices
Authors: Park Yungki , Elsner Markus , Staritzbichler Rene , Helms Volkhard
Published: July 2004

Specific non‐covalent interactions between transmembrane (TM) α‐helices are important in a variety of biological processes. Experimental and computational studies have shown that van der Waals interactions play an important role in the tight packing between TM α‐helices, although polar interactions can also be important in some instances. Based on the assumption that van der Waals interaction alone is sufficient for a meso‐scale (residue‐scale) description of the interaction between TM α‐helices, we have designed a novel residue‐scale scoring function for modeling structures of oligomers of TM α‐helices. We first calculated atomistic van der Waals interaction energies between two amino acids, X and Y, of a pair of parallel α‐helices, glycine‐X‐glycine and glycine‐Y‐glycine and compiled them according to three variables, the distance between the two Cα atoms and the rotational angles of X and Y about their helical axes. Upon averaging over the rotational angles, we obtained one‐dimensional interaction energy profiles that are functions of the distance between Cα atoms only. Each of the interaction energy profiles was fitted with a generic fitting function of the distance between Cα atoms, yielding analytical scoring functions for all possible amino acid pairs. For glycophorin A, neu/erbB‐2, and phospholamban, lowest‐energy conformations obtained through exhaustive scanning of the entire conformational space using the scoring functions were compatible with available experimental data. Proteins 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.