bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AGREEMENT BETWEEN CRITERIA FREE PSYCHOMETRIC SCALE (LIKERT) AND LIVER IMAGING REPORTING AND DATA SYSTEM (LIRADS) IN DIAGNOSING HCC IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE.
Authors: Yusuf Fifiya K , P Sreekumar K , Moorthy Srikanth , Patel Sunil , Sekhar Resmi , Sherji Sanju , Krishnan Anandhu
Published: February 2021

Title:
Agreement between criteria free psychometric scale (LIKERT) and liver imaging reporting and data system (LI-RADS) in diagnosing HCC in patients with chronic liver disease.
Aim:
LI-RADS was introduced to improve the accuracy and consistency of liver lesion reporting while imaging a cirrhotic patient. The aim of our study is to determine the agreement between conventional criteria free LIKERT scale and LI-RADS criteria in diagnosing HCC and also to study the interobserver agreement between three radiologists in diagnosing HCC using LIKERT and LI-RADS criteria.
Methods:
Data set consists of CECT observations of liver cirrhosis patients who underwent triple phase CT in HCC protocol from the department of Radiodiagnosis of Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi during the period 2015 to 2020. Interpretation of data sets were done by 3 radiologists trained in abdominal imaging with a minimum 4 -week gap between LIKERT and LI-RADS scoring. The agreement between LIKERT and LI-RADS for categorizing liver nodules by the senior radiologist is studied by using Cohens Kappa. Interobserver agreement between 3 radiologists for LI-RADS and for LIKERT is also studied separately using Fleiss Kappa statistics.
Results:
There is moderate agreement between LIKERT and LI-RADS [κ- 0.6 (0.516-0.751)] for characterizing liver lesions in CLD patients. The Fleiss Kappa coefficient shows almost perfect interreader agreement between three observers in characterizing liver lesions into HCC and non -HCC using LIKERT approach [κ- 0.81 (0.807-0.813)] and using LIRADS criteria [κ- 0.93 (0.921-0.927)] with more interreader agreement while reporting using LI-RADS criteria, especially in characterizing liver observations less than 3 cm .
Conclusion:
Characterizing liver observations in CLD patients using LIKERT and LI-RADS approaches had significant uniformity and consistency in characterizing liver observations. However, LI-RADS showed a higher interreader agreement compared to non-standardized reporting especially for nodules less than 3 cm.
RECONSTRUCTION OF FACIAL SKIN DEFECTS BY VARIOUS LOCAL FLAPS IN RURAL INDIA
Authors: Gujrathi Atishkumar B. , Gandrati Srija , Gadpayale Nishikant , Paikrao Yogesh , Agarwal Naman , Shroff Siddharth
Published: February 2021

INTRODUCTION: Face is the index of mind. Facial deformities affect the impression of an individual. For larger defects or in situations where direct suture is neither applicable nor available, facial skin defects in the head and neck can be filled by free grafts, local skin flaps or either pedicled or free tissue transfer. METHODOLOGY: A prospective observational study was conducted to study different facial skin defects, their etiological factors, reconstructive techniques using local flaps and outcome of reconstructed flaps. The study was conducted on 53 patients between 2-70 years, comprising of 30 males and 23 females with facial skin defects due to various etiologies, willing to undergo reconstructive procedure using local flaps presenting at a tertiary care hospital for a duration of 18 months. RESULTS: Reconstruction was done using 18 (33.96%) rhomboid flaps,16 (30.19%) linear advancement flaps, 5 (9.43%) V-Y advancement flaps, 5 (9.43%) cervicofacial advancement flap, 9 (16.98%) nasolabial flaps. After surgery, all patients were assessed on post operative day 1, day 7, 4 weeks and 12 weeks for evaluation of outcome. All flaps survived on postoperative day 1. The ultimate cosmetic outlook at 12 weeks postoperatively is good in rhomboid flap and fair in all other flaps analysed in our study. CONCLUSION: Thus reconstruction by local flaps is an easy and cost effective technique, requires less hospital stay, can be performed even at remote places under local anesthesia with excellent functional and aesthetical results.
TO STUDY THE ROLE OF LIMITED SEQUENCE MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN ASSESSMENT OF CHILDREN WITH HYDROCEPHALUS.
Authors: Subramanian Saravanan , Rajeshkannan Ramiah , Moorthy Srikanth , Sekhar Resmi , Garg Mehak , Devarmani Sanjana , Sherji Sanju , S Rubalakshmi
Published: February 2021

Aim:
To evaluate the role of limited sequence MRI (LS MRI) in diagnosing obstructive from nonobstructive hydrocephalus for treatment planning correlating with surgical findings and in follow up cases of shunt treated hydrocephalus to predict the candidate requires revision surgery correlating with final treatment.
Materials and Methods:
A total of 235 cases were included in the study underwent limited sequence MRI, 121 cases were evaluated for diagnosing obstructive from nonobstructive hydrocephalus out of which 106 cases underwent surgery were correlated with surgical findings and 114 were symptomatic follow up cases evaluated for need of revision surgery. Diagnostic measures such as sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were calculated. A p value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Results:
Obstruction was seen in 81 out of the 106 cases who underwent surgery. MRI showed obstruction in 72(88.9%) and no obstruction in 9(11.1%) cases. Out of the 25 cases with no obstruction in surgery, MRI correctly excluded obstruction in 20(80%) cases. MRI misdiagnosed obstruction in 5(20%) cases. No statistically significant difference between the limited sequence MRI and surgery (p value of 0.424 Sensitivity 88.89%, Specificity 80% PPV 93.51%, NPV 68.97% and Accuracy 86.79%). Out of the total 114 follow up cases of hydrocephalus,47 underwent surgery and 67 cases were managed conservatively. MRI criteria predicted surgical candidate in 43(91.5%) and no surgery in 4(8.5%) patients. MRI criteria predicted nonsurgical management in 64 (95.5%) out of the 67 cases and the rest of 3 (4.5%) cases MRI over rated need for surgery. (Sensitivity:91.49% Specificity:95.52% PPV: 93.5% NPV 94.1% Accuracy :93.9%.)
Conclusion:
LS MRI has good accuracy in detecting an obstruction in paediatric hydrocephalus. In predicting revision surgery for follow-up cases of shunt-treated hydrocephalus, LS MRI has good accuracy.
COMPARISON OF INTRATHECAL DEXMEDETOMIDINE AND MAGNESIUM SULPHATE AS AN ADJUVANT TO 0.5% HYPERBARIC BUPIVACAINE IN LOWER LIMB SURGERY
Authors: Siddiqui Shaheer Ahmed , Rastogi Kapil , Khan Aamir Laique
Published: February 2021

Background: Epidural anesthesia is commonly used for perioperative as well as postoperative analgesia in lower limb surgeries. Adjuvant in spinal anesthesia prolongs the duration of anesthesia as well as postoperative analgesia. In this study we evaluate the effects of intrathecal dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulfate as an adjuvant to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine in lower limb surgeries.
Methods: Total 60 patients belonging to ASA I or II aged 24 to 57 years of either sex were included in this study and randomly distributed into two groups. Group (B+M) received intrathecal 100mg magnesium sulfate and Group (B+D) received intrathecal 5.0 mcg dexmedetomidine with hyperbaric bupivacaine 15mg (3ml of 0.5%). Onset and duration of sensory and motor block, duration of analgesia, hemodynamic changes and complications were recorded.
Results: The mean Onset time of sensory block at T10 (min.), Time to maximum sensory block level (min.), Time in minutes for complete motor block (min.), Time for Motor Emergence from Bromage 3 (min.), Time for Sensory Emergence and Time for first analgesia (min) were significantly different between groups.
Conclusion: The dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant with hyperbaric bupivacaine leads to earlier onset and prolonged duration of both sensory and motor block as compared to magnesium sulfate.
AGREEMENT BETWEEN MULTIDETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND ENDOSCOPY FOR THE EVALUATION OF GASTRO-ESOPHAGEAL VARICES IN PATIENTS WITH PORTAL HYPERTENSION.
Authors: Garg Mehak , Prabhu Nirmal Kumar , Garg Shivane , S Saravanan , S Rubalakshmi , Moorthy Srikanth
Published: February 2021

Aim:
The aim is to study the agreement between MDCT and endoscopy in diagnosing gastroesophageal varices in patients of chronic liver disease with portal hypertension, keeping endoscopy as gold standard.
Materials and Methods:
The study included 29 cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension assessed between August 2018 to August 2020 who underwent upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy and MDCT within 12 weeks. Two radiologists reviewed the scans, to determine the grade of esophageal varices. To evaluate the accuracy of MDCT findings by Radiologists 1 and 2 with respect to endoscopy findings (GOLD STANDARD), McNemar’s chi square test with validity parameters such as Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive predictive value, Negative predictive value and accuracy was computed. Cohens kappa was used to ascertain the inter-observer agreement for grading of varices between MDCT and endoscopy.
Results:
The sensitivity of MDCT for radiologist A was 76.7%, specificity 93%, Accuracy 89.7%, PPV 91.6%, NPV 93.9% and for radiologist B, 79%, 93.4%, 89.6%, 81.4% and 93.1% respectively. For the inter-rater agreement the kappa value between Radiologist A v/s upper GI endoscopy was 0.716, Radiologist B v/s upper GI endoscopy was 0.720 and Radiologist A v/s Radiologist B was 0.808. MDCT detected para esophageal varices in 16 cases, gastric fundus varices in 9 cases and splenorenal collaterals in 3 cases, palisade vein dilatation was positive in 9 cases, negative in 20 cases. 3 cases of HCC were incidentally found during examination.
Conclusion:
MDCT is a good replacement for endoscopy in the detection of gastroesophageal varices, especially those with high grade varices (grade 2 and 3). MDCT helps in detection of palisade vein and other extra-luminal findings like HCC, other portosystemic collaterals.
ASSESSMENT OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY USING MODIFIED RIFLE CRITERIA
Authors: Verma Swadesh Kumar , Thakur Ruchy , Malik Shikha
Published: February 2021

Background: Acute Kidney Injury is well recognized for its impact on the outcome of patients admitted in ICU. It has been associated with increased mortality, increased hospital stay and increased use of healthcare resources.Objective of study is to identify Acute Kidney Injury as per modified RIFLE criteria and calculate the length of stay, morbidity and mortality.
Methods: Hospital based Prospective observational study. Total 972 patients >1 month of age admitted in PICU were enrolled.
Results: The prevalence of AKI in our study was 46.15% and the prevalence of risk, injury and failure in our study was 26.63%, 11.83% and 7.69% respectively.Increasing severity of AKI was associated with an increasing length of PICU and Hospital stay.Significant factors predicting mortality in AKI as compared to non-AKI were failure, sepsis,mechanical ventilation and inotropic support.
Conclusions: pRIFLE is not a sensitive predictor of mortality in initial stages of AKI but if AKI is associated with, inotropic and ventilator support it can predict high mortality.
SERUM NEUTROPHIL GELATINASE-ASSOCIATED LIPOCALIN (NGAL) AND URINARY NGAL EXCRETION AS A BIOMARKER OF RENAL INJURY IN CHILDREN WITH BETA THALASSEMIA MAJOR
Authors: Bhatt Ruchi , Hemal Alok , Singh Meetu , Ahmed Zeeshan
Published: February 2021

Background
Frequent blood transfusions among patients with beta thalassemia major leads to iron overload state and leads to damage of various organs including kidney. Very few studies have explored on Serum and urinary NGAL as a biomarkers of renal injury in thalassemia major children. Therefore, this study is planned to investigate the renal injury in beta thalassemic children by measuring serum and urinary NGAL levels and correlating it with cystatin c and creatinine clearance.
Methods: The study was a cross-sectional conducted among 25 patients with β thalassemia major, aged 1-18 years, having undergone regular blood transfusion and chelation therapy. Levels of plasma and urinary NGAL were measured and compared to the standard values of the normal range. Linear regression analysis was done.
Results:
Mean(SD) serum NGAL value in 1- 5 years of age was 1.6(0.26) , in 5-10 years was 2.15(0.23), in 10- 15 years was 2.6 (0.11) and > 15 years it was 18.11(33.76). ( p value <0.005).Mean (SD) urine NGAL value in 1- 5 years of age was 0.66 (0.11) , in 5-10 years was 1.13(0.13), in 10- 15 years was 1.38 (0.18) and > 15 years it was 1.94(0.25). ( p value <0.005).The mean values of plasma N-GAL, and Urinary N-GAL were significantly higher in our patients as compared to that of standard population values(p<0.05).
Conclusions:
Serum and urine NGAL values are found to be much higher in those with longer duration of transfusion and chelation. Positive correlation was found between urine NGAL levels and cystatin C. Serum and urine NGAL values are fair markers of renal injury in thalassemia major patients on multiple transfusions.
LONG-TERM OUTCOMES OF DIFFERENT RECONSTRUCTION OPTIONS USING AUTOGENOUS BONE GRAFT FOR MANDIBULAR RECONSTRUCTION: A RETROSPECTIVE COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Habibou Zakariaou Garba , Yi Wang Xiao , Pan Gao
Published: February 2021

Background: Several recent studies have attempted to document VBG and NVBG following mandibular reconstruction, mainly the advantages and disadvantages, but very few have specifically evaluated the differences in large parameters including both radiographic and functional aspects for long-term follow-up. However, the object of this study is to compare between two different methods of reconstruction in mandibular defects and to determine the outcomes of different reconstruction options using autogenous vascularized and nonvascularized bone grafts for mandibular reconstruction.
Patients and Methods: a total of 39 patients, 22 (56.4%) females and 17 (43.6%) males, with a mean age of 36.41 years at the time of presentation (age ranged for 48 years). Study was performed in two stages at the Department of Head and Neck Surgery - Oral and Maxillofacial oncology. In the First stage (N=39), bone-density, bone resorption, and bone graft failure were examined radiographically on panorex and CBCT. The second stage included functional evaluation (physical examination and questionnaire) based on pain, infection, speech and recurrence. Both groups were followed-up for at least 1month, 6 months and 1 year.
Results:the results show significant difference in Pain after one month (p=0.032), radiodensity (p=0.05), bone graft resorption (p=0.03) for 1 year follow-up in favor of the VBG group compared to the NVBG group, there was no statistical difference in bone graft failure, infection, speech and recurrence between the two groups.
Conclusion: Vascularized bone graft is the method of choice, especially in extensive malignant defects. On the other hand, novascularized bone graft (81.2% success rate) is a suitable complementary flap for mandible reconstruction mainly in benign and healthy patients. For future studies, large sample size with long-term follow-up more than 1 year will be required to validate our study.
NALTREXONE ASSOCIATED SEIZURE: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Barman Rajdip , Majumder Pradipta , Sharma Varun
Published: February 2021

Naltrexone is an opioid antagonist prescribed to treat opioid use disorder and as an anti-craving medication for alcohol use disorder. Gastrointestinal side effects are considered the most common, and liver damage is a serious and rare side effect of naltrexone. In this case report, we describe a 40-year-old patient who developed a seizure after initiating treatment with naltrexone. Although the mechanism is not clear as naltrexone is not a well-known pro-convulsant medication, a few hypotheses for association with seizure have been postulated based on the studies on opioid agonists and similar opioid antagonist naloxone. Based on this case report, we strongly recommend that clinicians should thoroughly assess the risk factors for seizures in patients before using naltrexone and start long-acting injectable naltrexone only after an adequate trial of oral naltrexone to minimize the risk of seizure.
THE IMPACT OF CAUSE MARKETING AMONG CONSUMERS – AN ANALYSIS
Authors: Nathiya M. Ancy Raja , Asha K.
Published: February 2021

Trending scenario of the organization has induced and led to focus on social responsibility and profits. Organizations that concentrates more on the survival, growth and profit for a long run obviously started to travel on the new path called cause marketing. At this juncture, some common questions which has raised are what is cause marketing?, why the organizations prefer cause marketing? and what are the positive and negative impacts of cause marketing among consumers? these questions induced the researcher to pick a research study entitled “ The impact of cause marketing among consumers – An analysis”. Even though cause marketing have some negative impacts, it can also offer many positive benefits and play an important role in the betterment of the society and general welfare to a far extend. Knowing the negative effects can help us to take effective steps to minimize or eradicate it at the earliest possible time.
AGRICULTURAL VALUE CHAIN FINANCING: PANACEA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
Authors: Igwemeka Ebele O. , Ekwunife Faith Chinyere
Published: February 2021

In the past, the agricultural financing policy of the Nigerian government emphasized primary production without paying attention to the marketing of agricultural products. Consequently, the current emphasis by financial institutions on value chain financing has further compounded the problem of access to credit by smallholder farmers who account for over 90 per cent of agricultural production in Nigeria and do not have access to lucrative markets, nor adequate processing and storage facilities. More worrisome is how the right amount of investment can be acquired, particularly in a challenging environment where financial uncertainty causes a reduction in available resources along with increased fear and scrutiny of risk. From the perspective of other climes farmer linkages, improving access to improved seeds, fertilizers and production technology, enhancing farmer integration into the seed production, processing and marketing chain through farmer organization, training and out-grower contracts among others will boost agricultural value chain financing that will lead to sustainable development.
ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION AND AGRO-FOOD TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS IN NIGERIA:
LESSONS FROM MALAYSIA
Authors: Chilokwu Okechukwu , Hikarofem Egor , George Sotonye
Published: February 2021

The paper x-rayed the various aspects of the agro-food economic diversification in Malaysia to draw lessons for Nigeria’s agricultural economic growth and development. A descriptive statistical method was employed in the presentation. With a total population of 31.6 million people, Malaysia has been able to harness the factor endowments for its people such that its GDP per capita (USD, PPP) grew from 18,577 in 2005 to 25,669 in 2016, whereas Nigeria’s GDP per capita (USD, PPP) grew from 4,149 in 2005 to 5,435 in 2016. Nigeria failed in its capacity utilization of the available factor endowments. In 2016, the percentage of prevalence of undernourishment of Malaysian people was 2.9, while Nigeria’s data was 11.5%. Furthermore, there was no prevalence of severe food insecurity in Malaysia, but Nigeria recorded 24.8% in its prevalence of severe food insecurity, within the period under consideration. The paper concluded that Nigeria’s economic performances are dwindling. It was recommended that to enhance stable and viable sustainable and economic growth for its people, Nigeria’s mono-economy must give way to the productive development of all sectors of the economy, particularly the agro-technology.
GOVERNANCE AS A TOOL FOR BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
Authors: Nwanganga Blessing Prince , Anaba Success
Published: February 2021

Governance matters are arguably at the core of international development. This paper addresses the role theory, policy and practice play in shaping matters of governance as it concerns business development in Nigeria. The paper is organised in three parts, In the first part, the theories on the governance and development nexus are outlined. In the second, the role of governance and its relevance to business development is discussed; here, the concepts, principles and framework for enhanced governance in business are brought to the fore, selected reviews by scholars and practitioners and numerous current key issues are highlighted. In the third part, the impact of governance in business practice is examined. Reviews and current issue related to the impact of governance in business development are also discussed. Besides, lessons are drawn from the review of contributions from selected scholars. The conclusion of this paper is threefold: first, it is a fallacy that there is a preeminent system of governance that is universally applicable for business development; second, the relevant theories on the subject have a remarkably limited role to play in sculpting policy and practice; and, third, perhaps the single most important problem in policies and practices on governance for development is the failure to temper interventions to the contextual dynamics found in each developing country setting.
STRUCTURAL EQUATION TEST OF ENTREPRENEURIAL EDUCATION AND ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS AMONG NIGERIAN UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
Authors: Ugwuanyi Chidera Christian , Nwagbo Pamela Ifeoma , Attamah Ikechukwu Joseph
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this paper is to examine the causal relationship between entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial intention among undergraduates. The paper investigates how the outcome of an effective entrepreneurial education system- attitude, skills and knowledge could affect the intentions of the students to choosing entrepreneurship as a career choice. The study was conducted in Enugu state, Nigeria among university undergraduates. A total of 250 students were engaged but only 196 valid responses were gathered. The structural model and the hypotheses were tested using partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach in SmartPLS M2.0 software. Our findings reveal that the proposed determinants all bear positive relationships with entrepreneurial intention in varying degrees. Also we found entrepreneurial knowledge to have a direct impact on entrepreneurial attitude. Managerial and practical implications were made as well as future research avenues suggested.
Milieu et peuples. Entre les traités hippocratiques et Aristote
Authors: Darbo-Peschanski Catherine
Published: February 2021

The article compares some of the so-called Hippocratic treatises and Aristotle’s Physics, Meteorologics, Ethics and Politics, on what would define a human community, if not a nation. It shows a common absence of the notions of climate and environment but a close way of conceiving the physical continuity between the outside world (immediate or more distant) and the inside of living bodies. Then, the external conditions (seasons, temperatures, nature of the soil) similarly determine the complexions and characters of the populations that experience them. Divergences occur due to the determinism of the external conditions on politics. The Hippocratic treaties do not recognise this, unlike Aristotle, except that the Stagirite excludes from this determinism the Greek City and the virtues, including the civic virtue of justice.
Da Verri a Cuoco. Il dibattito sul carattere degli Italiani tra Sette e Ottocento
Authors: Mannori Luca
Published: February 2021

Even today, Italians tend to adopt a double imagine of their national character, played on the contrast between an evolved and conscious minority (‘us’) and a backward and typically pre-modern majority (‘them’). As Giulio Bollati has shown better than any other in a famous essay, this self-representation draws its origins first of all from the period between the late Enlightenment and the early Napoleonic age, in which for the first time the Peninsula was called to deal with the models imposed by the great European modernization. The paper aims to reconstruct the process that led some of the most prominent political thinkers of this years (Baretti, Verri, Gioia, Botta, Cuoco) to adopt the image mentioned above - and this privileging the approach of the constitutional history.
Il «sistema dell’egoismo universale» e la condizione presente dell’Italia
Authors: Polizzi Gaspare
Published: February 2021

I intend to deal with the political thought of Giacomo Leopardi, especially in the Zibaldone, according to his conceptions on the contrast between reason and nature and on the contrast between ancient and modern, focusing attention on his analysis of the morale of the Italians, in order to identify their original line of interpretation in the analysis of the relationship between individuals and nations in the modern age, and in Italy in particular. The analysis of his political reflection cannot be separated from that of his moral and anthropological vision on the human condition. I dwell on three moments of his moral, social and anthropological vision of the nation, with a focus on the theme of individualism and the system of universal selfishness typical of Modernity.
Il carattere di Jules Michelet
Authors: Nacci Michela
Published: February 2021

The article deals with the national character in Jules Michelet. Michelet supports an essentialist version of the character. According him, it is caused by natural elements: geography, food and the various regions that make up France. These elements are spiritualized over time: it is the history that gave rise to the character of the French. The result is the complete fusion of all differences in a nation-individual: a generous person towards humanity. The French character is contrasted with the English character: selfish, greedy, all devoted to work and earnings. It is precisely because of their different characters that France has given the world the Revolution and England the Industrial Revolution, a phenomenon that mechanizes work, that destroys the body and soul of the workers.
Circulación del saber y del poder en el cuerpo escolar
Authors: Gil Claros Mario Germán
Published: February 2021

El presente artículo centra su interés a partir de las reflexiones de Michel Foucault en mayor preponderancia y de Basil Bernstein en menor medida, en torno al saber y al poder, y su relación con la escuela a través del discurso y su impacto en el sujeto escolar, en lo que sería una arqueología de los saberes en el cuerpo y en su gobierno como principio de verdad.
Language classroom practices applied by native speaker teachers in a plurilingual elementary classroom
Authors: Montejo Rodriguez Andres Mateo , Fino Ortiz Karen Daniela , Ramírez Valencia Astrid
Published: February 2021

The need for learning a foreign language in this globalized world has become an essential skill, to the point English is not sufficient, but other foreign languages are required. Colombia has been reshaping its educational curriculum to achieve these foreign language skills. Though there are suggested curriculums for English, the lack of concrete methodologies for Chinese teaching leads to unsuccessful teaching practices. This exploratory case study will observe the first grade Mandarin class in a Colombian private institution whose teachers are native and non-native. There are obstacles in the native teacher's performance since she lacks knowledge of Colombian culture and strategies to implement; she teaches Mandarin through English and lacks a communicative bridge because she does not speak Spanish. This research focuses on those practices to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the class development performed by Mandarin native speaker teachers and the implications and effect those practices have in first graders' learning processes.
Percepciones sobre el aprendizaje virtual con microlearning: estudio de caso de una experiencia de formación profesional en una organización privada
Authors: Rivero Panaqué Carol , Soria-Valencia Edith
Published: February 2021

El presente artículo analiza las características, beneficios, inconvenientes y efectividad del microlearning a partir de una experiencia de formación virtual brindada a los colaboradores de una empresa privada de seguros. Los objetivos del estudio son: a) identificar las características del microlearning en los cursos de formación virtual brindados a los colaboradores de una empresa, b) describir los beneficios e inconvenientes que genera el microlearning, c) identificar en las cápsulas de microcontenido los elementos significativos que permitieron el aprendizaje. La investigación presenta un diseño descriptivo a partir de un estudio de caso y las técnicas de recojo de información fueron la encuesta y el grupo focal. En la investigación participan 133 profesionales de diversas disciplinas que laboran en diferentes puestos de trabajo en una empresa privada de seguros. Los resultados muestran que el éxito del microlearning está asociado al diseño de programas de formación profesional que consideren las edades, necesidades y demandas de los usuarios, quienes evidentemente tienen requerimientos de aprendizaje diferentes.
ANALISIS FAKTOR FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHIPENDAPATAN USAHA KECILMENENGAH (UKM) MASA PANDEMI COVID 19 DI KABUPATEN DELISERDANG
Authors: Hutahaean Haposan
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengatahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pendapatan usaha mikro di Kabupaten Deliserdang , dengan menggunakan model analisis regresi linear berganda. Variabel terikat yang digunakan adalah Pendapatan Usaha Mikro (Y) Kabupaten Deliserdang, dan variabel bebas yang digunakan adalah modal (X1) dan tenaga kerja (X2) di Kabupaten Deliserdang.Berdasarkan penelitian nilai koefisien korelasi bernilai 100 persen, pada penelitian ini menggunakan dua variabel bebas sehingga koefisien yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan adalah koefisien determinasi adjustedsebesar 0,816 (81,6%). Hal ini berarti 81,6 persen pendapatan usaha mikro di Kabupaten Deliserdang dapat dipengaruhi oleh variabel modal dan tenaga kerja, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 18,4% di pengaruhi oleh variabel lain di luar model penelitian ini.Berdasarkan pengujian parsial (individual) untuk variabel modal nilai thitungsebesar 38,922> ttabel 3,824maka H0 di tolak H1diterima.Sehingga secara parsial Modalmempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap Pendapatan Usaha Mikrodan Kecil di Kabupaten Deliserdang dan untuk variabel tenaga kerja nilai thitungsebesar 25,358> ttabel3,824 maka H0di tolak H1diterima.Sehingga secara parsial tenaga kerjatidak mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap Pendapatan Usaha Mikrodi Kabupaten Deliserdang.Nilai Fhitungsebesar 106,516 > Ftabel sebesar 5,468maka, H0ditolak H1diterima. SehinggaModaldan tenaga kerja secara bersama-sama (simultan) mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap Pendapatan Usaha Mikrodan Kecil di Kabupaten Deliserdang
PENGARUH UPAH DAN HASIL PENJUALAN TERHADAP PENYERAPAN TENAGA KERJA PADA USAHA RESTORAN DI KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Pakpahan Evalina , Lubis Taufik Hidayat
Published: February 2021

Perkembangan restoran semakin pesat yang diakibatkan pengaruh gaya hidup peduduknya sehingga usaha restoran menjadi pilihan dalam berinvestasi di Kota Medan. Semakin banyak jumlah restoran maka semakin besar pula  penyerapan tenaga kerja yang ada di Kota Medan. Maka penulis perlu melakukan penelitian Pengaruh Upah Dan Hasil Penjualan Terhadap Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja Pada Usaha Restoran Di Kota Medan. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian ini merupakan deskriptif statistik. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dengan teknil pengimpulan data menggunakan angket/kuesioner. Jumlah populasi seluruh usaha restoran yang ada di Kota Medan dengan jumlah sampel 77 usaha restoran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan upah mempengaruhi penyerapan tenaga kerja secara positif dan signifikan pada usaha restoran Kota Medan diterima. Ditunjukkan oleh angka t hitung sebesar 3,380 > t tabel sebesar 1,9925, maka H0 ditolak dan H1a. Nilai sig yang diperoleh sebesar 0,001 < dari 0,05 memiliki makna adanya pengaruh signifikan antara upah dan penyerapan tenaga kerja. Hasil penjualan berpengaruh positif terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja pada usaha restoran di Kota Medan dapat diterima, diperoleh nilai thitung > ttabel, yaitu 5,527 > 1,9925. Nilai sig yang diperoleh sebesar 0,000 < dari 0,05 memiliki makna adanya pengaruh signifikan antara hasil penjualan dan penyerapan tenaga kerja. Upah dan hasil penjualan secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja pada > usaha restoran di Kota Medan (H3a diterima). ditunjukkan dari hasil F hitung > F tabel (30,154 3,12).
PENGARUH PERILAKU BIROKRASI TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS KERJA PEGAWAI KODAM I/BUKIT BARISAN
Authors: Manalu Simon Patar Rizki , Sari Lili Purnama
Published: February 2021

Perilaku birokrasi mutlak diperhatikan dalam rangka meningkatkan efektivitas kerja pegawai. Efektivitas kerja tidak hanya merupakan tanggung jawab pimpinan namun merupakan tanggung jawab prajurit dan Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI) yang merupakan sistem kerja di lingkungan Kodam Bukit Barisan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui apakah perilaku birokrasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap efektivitas kerja pegawai Kodam I Bukit Barisan.Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini merupakan seluruh PNS TNI bidang pelayanan adminstrasi dan staf umum yaitu Detasemen Markas Kodam I/Bukit Barisan yang berjumlah 66 pegawai. Penelitian ini diuji dengan regresi linier sederhana menggunakan software SPSS versi 18.0. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka diperoleh angka thitung sebesar 4,749 > ttabel sebesar 1,669. Nilai sig yang diperoleh sebesar 0,000 < dari 0,05, maka H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima yaitu perilaku birokrasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap efektivitas kerja pegawai Kodam I/Bukit Barisan.
PENGARUH EKUITAS MEREK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN ALAT LABORATORIUM DAN REAGENSIA PADA PT RAJAERBA INDOCHEM CABANG MEDAN
Authors: Pakpahan Evalina , Wibowo Rizki Ari
Published: February 2021

Berbagai faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian. Namun, penelitian ini terbatas untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekuitas merek terhadap keputusan pembelian pada PT Rajaerba Indochem Cabang Medan. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah pembeli produk PT Rajaerba Indhochem baik badan usaha, perorangan, end user, maupun klinik/rumah sakit sebanyak 41. Penelitian ini diuji dengan regresi linier sederhana menggunakan software SPSS. Hasil penelitian diperoleh angka t hitung sebesar 5,880 > t tabel sebesar 2,022. Nilai sig yang diperoleh sebesar 0,000 < dari 0,05, maka Ha diterima yaitu Ekuitas merek berpengaruh Signifikan Terhadap Keputusan pembelian pada PT Rajaerba Indochem Cabang Medan. Nilai R Square sebesar 0,470 hal ini menunjukkan bahwa keputusan pembelian ditentukan variabel bebas ekuitas merek sebesar 47% sedangkan 53% lagi ditentukan oleh faktor lain yang tidak diamati dalam penelitian ini.
ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS PENYALURAN DANA ZAKAT, INFAK DAN SEDEKAH PADA YAYASAN RUMAH ZAKAT
Authors: Yudhira Ahmad
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui. Sejauh mana efektivitas penyaluran dana (penggunaan asset) pada Yayasan Rumah Zakat dengan menggunakan allocation to collection ratio (ACR). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penggabungan antara metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Data penelitian diperoleh   dengan mengambil publikasi laporan  keuangan yayasan  rumah zakat pada tahun 2018.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa penyaluran dana (penggunaan asset) Pada Yayasan Rumah Zakat dengan menggunakan allocation to collection ratio (ACR) adalah sangat efektif. Gross Allocation to Collection Ratio sebesar 0,892 (89,17%); Gross allocation to collection ratio non amil sebesar 0,874 (87,40%); Net Allocation to collection Ratio sebesar 0,997 (99,71%) ; net Allocation to collection non amil sebesar 0,997 (99.66%)
ANALISIS LIKUIDITAS PT. ANGKASA PURA II (PERSERO) KUALANAMU INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
Authors: Habibi Fariza , Hasibuan Alamin
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan  untuk mengetahui tingkat kemampuan PT. Angkasa Pura II (Persero) Kualanamu International Airport dalam memenuhi kewajiban jangka pendeknya tahun 2017 dan tahun 2018. Teknik analisis data yaitu  metode kuantitatif. Hal ini dilakukan untuk membandingkan kemampuan perusahaan dalam memenuhi kewajiban jangka pendeknya Tahun 2017 dengan Tahun 2018.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa  Tingkat rasio likuiditas pada Perusahaan ini  Secara umum telah memenuhi standar rasio yang ditetapkan. Meskipun terdapat penurunan, namun penurunan tersebut tidak terlalu rendah dan masih dalam keadaan sesuai dengan standar rasio maupun standar industri
PENGARUH PELAYANAN ( TANGIBLE, RELIABELITY, RESPONSIVINESS, ASSURANCE, DAN EMPHATY ) TERHADAP KEPUASAN KONSUMEN PT NUTRI INTI PRIMA PERKASA MEDAN
Authors: Waruwu Khamo
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Pelayanan yang terdiri dari Tangible, Reliabelity, Responsiviness, Assurance, dan Emphaty terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen PT Nutri Inti Prima Perkasa Medan. Populasi dan sampel sebanyak 100 orang Pelanggan yang diambil secara purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian adalah angket/kuisioner dengan model skala likert. Uji persyaratan dilakukan untuk menguji normalitas, uji heteroskedastisitas. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik regresi berganda pada taraf signifikansi α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara Pelayanan terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen dengan t hitung= 2.498 dan t tabel 1.984 dengan nilai koefisien sebesar 0.430. berdasarkan hasil output SPSS diketahui bahwa nilai R square sebesar 32.7 % yang artinya Pelayanan  dapat mempengaruhi Kepuasan Konsumen sebesar 32.7% dan sisanya sebesar 67.3% dapat dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain
PENGARUH PRODUK DOMESTIK REGIONAL BRUTO (PDRB) SEKTOR PERTANIAN DI ACEH TERHADAP PRODUK DOMESTIK REGIONAL BRUTO (PDRB) PROVINSI ACEH
Authors: Juniarsih Triara
Published: February 2021

PDRB merupakan salah satu alat ukur untuk mengetahui berhasil atau tidak nya pemerintah dalam memanfaatkan sumber daya yang ada, dan sebagai acuan dalam perencanaan dan pengambilan keputusan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh PDRB Sektor Pertanian di Aceh terhadap PDRB Provinsi Aceh dan untuk mengetahui sub sektor pertanian mana yang mempengaruhi PDRB Sektor Pertanian. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data sekunder dalam bentuk data Time Series atau data berkala dari tahun ketahun, yaitu dari tahun 1996-2010. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear berganda. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa setiap peningkatan PDRB sektor pertanian sebesar satu milyar rupiah maka PDRB Aceh akan mengalami peningkatan sebesar 1,919 milyar rupiah. Nilai koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,885 yang artinya keragaman variabel penjelas dapat menjelaskan variabel dependen sebesar 88,5%. Variasi perubahan PDRB dipengaruhi oleh sektor pertanian, industri, dan Jasa sedangkan sisanya 11,5% dipengaruhi oleh sektor-sektor lain diluar sektor pertanian, industri, dan jasa. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi pada persamaan PDRB Aceh dapat disimpulkan secara parsial bahwa PDRB sektor pertanian, PDRB sektor industri pengolahan dan PDRB sektor jasa berpengaruh nyata terhadap PDRB Aceh. Setelah menganalisis kelima sub sektor pertanian dapat dilihat bahwa sub sektor kehutanan merupakan sub sektor yang memberikan kontribusi terbesar dan mempengaruhi PDRB sektor pertanian dengan koefisien kehutanan sebesar 1,024 yang berarti bahwa setiap kenaikan kehutanan sebesar satu milyar rupiah maka akan meningkatkan PDRB sektor pertanian menjadi 1,024 milyar rupiah. Dimana nilai koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 1,00. Artinya keragaman variable independen dapat menjelaskan variabel dependen sebesar 100%, dipengaruhi oleh sub sektor Tabama, Perkebunan, Peternakan, Kehutanan, dan Perikanan. Peningkatan PDRB sektor pertanian mampu meningkatkan PDRB Provinsi Aceh. Dan dari seluruh sub sektor pertanian, sub sektor kehutanan memberi sumbangan terbesar untuk peningkatan PDRB sektor pertanian di Aceh.
Литература по библиотековедению и информатике в базе данных Web of Science: что десятилетие (2007-2016) говорит нам о научном сотрудничестве в данной области
Authors: ТОМПСОН Ким М. , THOMPSON Kim M. , ГАРРИСОН Кейси , GARRISON Kasey , САНТЕЛИКЕС-ВЕРЧЕС Каролина , SANTELICES-WERCHEZ Carolina , АРЕЛЬЯНО-РОХАС Паулина , ARELLANO-ROJAS Paulina , РЕЕС-ЛИЛЬО ДАНИЛО , REYES-LILLO Danilo
Published: February 2021

Обеспечение доступа к опубликованному исследованию усиливает важность демонстрации научного воздействия, поддержки широкого круга читателей, создания заинтересованности в сотрудничестве и появления способа финансирования возможностей. Приводится библиометрический анализ публикаций базы данных Web of Science (WOS) за 20072016 гг., чтобы обновить наше понимание недавнего международного исследования сферы библиотековедения как инструмента обсуждения научного воздействия и научно-технического сотрудничества. Данная методология - описательный анализ публикаций, извлеченных из БД WOS c применением ключевых слов категории «библиотечного дела» и генерируемого предметного дескриптора WOS «информатика и библиотековедение». Анализ фокусировался на описательных данных, связанных с вопросами нашего исследования, включая представление стран, языков и журналов. Результаты показывают, что большинство публикаций исходит от исследователей с принадлежностью к организациям США и представлено на английском языке. Исследование библиотековедения и информатики продолжает оставаться сильным и в сфере сотрудничества, но международное и междисциплинарное сотрудничество все еще выглядит незначительным в выборке. Наш массив данных демонстрирует, что совместные и содержащие множества авторов публикации имеют наивысший коэффициент подсчета ссылок в WOS, тем самым усиливая важность научного сотрудничества. Данное исследование создает предпосылку для описания дальнейшего роста публикаций по исследованию и сотрудничеству в сфере библиотековедения.
Повторное обращение к де Солла Прайсу: исследования динамики роста различных предметных областей за последние сто лет
Authors: ТЕЛИ Сумен , TELI Soumen , ДУТТА Бидьярти , DUTTA Bidyarthi
Published: February 2021

Преданный историк науки Дерек Дж. де Солла Прайс в 1962 г. читал курс лекций в Брукхейвенской национальной лаборатории, посвященный обсуждению науки и ее взаимодействию с обществом. Конспект этих лекций был опубликован в 1963 г. как книга под названием «Малая наука, большая наука». В ней Прайс эмпирически установил, что начальная экспоненциальная схема роста литературы достигает потолка (предела высоты) через определенный промежуток времени, который приводит к логистической схеме роста. В данной статье анализируется эмпирическая теория Прайса на основе 198 статей, представляющих рост литературы по различным предметным областям и опубликованных с 1913 по 2018 г. В целом найдены 214 моделей роста в 198 статьях, анализирующих рост литературы по более 50 предметным областям. Обнаружено, что схемы роста, найденные в почти 50% статей, подтверждают эмпирическую теорию Прайса, т.е. экспоненциальную и логистическую схему роста, тогда как оставшиеся 50% статей следуют другим схемам роста - степенной модели, линейной модели и т.д. Все схемы роста, представленные 198 статьями, были широко категоризированы в 5 групп на основе данных статистики, т.е. экспоненциальная + логистическая, рост без определенной схемы, линейная, нелинейная и снижающаяся модели. Сформулированная здесь нулевая гипотеза утверждает, что 214 схем роста, отмечаемые различными предметными областями, описанными в 198 статьях, будут придерживаться любой из пяти моделей, подпадающей под действие закона Брэдфорда о библиографическом рассеянии. Нулевая гипотеза проверяется хи-квадрат тестом. Делается вывод, что распределение различных моделей роста литературы подчиняется закону Брэдфорда, в котором ядро или зона вокруг такого ядра отведена логистической и экспоненциальной модели, т.е. эмпирическая модель Прайса доминирует в ядерной зоне закона Брэдфорда.
ОЦЕНКА СТЕПЕНИ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ НАДЕЖНОСТИ РЕЗЕРВИРОВАННОГО БОРТОВОГО АВИАЦИОННОГО ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ ЗА СЧЕТ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ УПРАВЛЯЕМОЙ МАЖОРИТАРНОЙ ЛОГИКИ
Authors: Волобуев М.Ф. , Volobuev M.F. , Замыслов М.А. , Zamyslov M.A. , Мальцев А.М. , Maltsev A.M. , Михайленко С.Б. , Mikhaylenko S.B. , Штанькова Н.В. , Shtankova N.V.
Published: February 2021

Рассмотрены вопросы оценки надежности резервированной системы с управляемой мажоритарной логикой с применением логико-вероятностного метода исследования надежности структурно-сложных систем. Определена вероятность безотказной работы такой системы и степень ее повышения по сравнению с системой на основе мажоритарного резервирования. Предложены направления совершенствования рассматриваемой системы.
СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПРОГНОЗЫ РАЗВИТИЯ МИРОВОГО РЫНКА ВЫСОКОТЕХНОЛОГИЧНОЙ И НАДЕЖНОЙ АВИАЦИОННОЙ ТЕХНИКИ НА ДОЛГОСРОЧНУЮ ПЕРСПЕКТИВУ
Authors: Пенязь И.М. , Penyaz I.M.
Published: February 2021

Современный авиационный рынок в силу продолжающейся либерализации и глобализации рынков авиастроения и авиаперевозок является международным. Прогнозирование развития надежной и высокотехнологичной авиационной техники мирового рынка является важным аспектом при разработке стратегии развития и конкурентной стратегии авиапроизводителя. Представлен обзор современного мирового авиационного рынка с прогнозированием его развития на долгосрочную перспективу.
СИСТЕМЫ ИНДИКАЦИИ БОРТОВОЙ РАДИОЛОКАЦИОННОЙ СТАНЦИИ (БРЛС), ОБЕСПЕЧИВАЮЩИЕ ВОСПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЕ РАДИОЛОКАЦИОННОГО ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЯ
Authors: Шестун А.Н. , Shestun A.N. , Ещенко С.Д. , Eshenko S.D.
Published: February 2021

Анализируются недостатки существующих способов и систем индикации БРЛС используемые в настоящее время для контроля посадки, разбега ВС в простых и сложных метеорологических условиях (СМУ). Приводятся результаты анализа использования, а также системы коллиматорной индикации на лобовом стекле (СИРП-К) для контроля посадки, разбега ВС.
АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ДЛИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПОЛЁТОВ НА ВЫСОКОМАНЕВРЕННЫХ САМОЛЁТАХ ПРИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ ЛЁТЧИКАМИ НАШЛЕМНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ЦЕЛЕУКАЗАНИЯ И ИНДИКАЦИИ
Authors: Маряшин Ю.Е. , Maryashin Ju.E. , Малащук Л.С. , Malaschuk L.S. , Чистов С.Д. , Chistov S.D.
Published: February 2021

В статье рассматриваются проблемы, связанные с действием на лётчиков во время длительных полётов на маневренных самолётах факторов риска, которые вызваны длительным пребыванием в неизменной позе и воздействием веса шлема с нашлемной системой на голову и шею. Рассматриваются концептуальные направления решения этой проблемы, даются рекомендации по нивелированию негативного воздействия указанных факторов, способствующие повышению уровня безопасности полётов.
НРАВСТВЕННЫЕ КАЧЕСТВА ЛЕТЧИКА-ИСПЫТАТЕЛЯ - ЗАЛОГ РАЗРАБОТКИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОЙ И БЕЗОПАСНОЙ ТЕХНИКИ
Authors: Харитонов В.В. , Kharitonov V.V. , Серёгин С.Ф. , Seryegin S.F. , Шешегов П.М. , Sheshegov P.M. , Соловей Ю.Н. , Solovey Y.N. , Алексеенко М.С. , Alekseenko M.S.
Published: February 2021

С помощью анкетирования летчиков-испытателей по вопросам наличия и выраженности психологических и нравственных качеств летчика-испытателя, проведенного в форме интервьюирования, показана роль моральных и психологических факторов в проведении летно-испытательной работы, приведены примеры значения морально-психологической подготовки летчиков-испытателей по результатам анкетирования в сравнении с летчиками строевых частей, определены задачи повышения морального и психологического состояния при подготовке летчиков к испытаниям летательных аппаратов.
О ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ОЦЕНКИ КАЧЕСТВА ЭКСПЕРТНОГО ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЯ ПРИЧИН АВИАЦИОННЫХ ПРОИСШЕСТВИЙ И УСЛОВИЙ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ОПАСНЫХ ФАКТОРОВ ДЛЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ПОЛЕТОВ ПРИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ ДСМ-СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ФАКТОРАМИ РИСКА
Authors: Муллагалиев А.Ф. , Mullagaliev A.F.
Published: February 2021

В данной статье представлен возможный вариант процедуры автоматизации процесса оценки качества экспертных заключений о причинах авиационных происшествий и инцидентов, используя интеллектуальную ДСМ-систему управления факторами риска.