bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fake news reminders and veracity labels differentially benefit memory and belief accuracy for news headlines
Authors: Kemp Paige L. , Loaiza Vanessa M. , Wahlheim Christopher N.
Published: December 2022

Fake news exposure can negatively affect memory and beliefs, thus sparking debate about whether to repeat misinformation during corrections. The once-prevailing view was that repeating misinformation increases its believability and should thus be avoided. However, misinformation reminders have more recently been shown to enhance memory and belief accuracy. We replicated such reminder benefits in two experiments using news headlines and compared those benefits against the effects of veracity labeling. Specifically, we examined the effects of labeling real news corrections to enhance conflict salience (Experiment 1) and labeling fake news on its debut to encourage intentional forgetting (Experiment 2). Participants first viewed real and fake news headlines with some fake news labeled as false. Participants then saw labeled and unlabeled real news corrections; labeled corrections appeared alone or after fake news reminders. Reminders promoted the best memory and belief accuracy, whereas veracity labels had selective effects. Correction labels led to intermediate memory and belief accuracy, whereas fake news labels improved accuracy for beliefs more than memory. The extent that real and fake news details were recalled together correlated with overall memory and belief differences across conditions, implicating a critical role for integrative encoding that was promoted most by fake news reminders.
Inheritance of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) resistance in Amaranthus palmeri
Authors: Shyam Chandrima , Peterson Dallas E. , Jhala Amit J. , Jugulam Mithila
Published: December 2022

In this study, the inheritance of 2,4-D resistance in a multiple herbicide-resistant Palmer amaranth (KCTR) was investigated. Direct and reciprocal crosses were performed using 2,4-D-resistant KCTR and susceptible KSS plants to generate F1 progenies. 2,4-D dose–response assays were conducted to evaluate the response of progenies from each F1 family along with KCTR and KSS plants in controlled environmental growth chambers. Additionally, 2,4-D-resistant male and female plants from each of the F1 families were used in pairwise crosses to generate pseudo-F2 families. Segregation (resistance or susceptibility) of progenies from the F2 families in response to a discriminatory rate of 2,4-D (i.e., 560 g ae ha−1) was evaluated. Dose–response analysis of F1 progenies derived from direct and reciprocal crosses suggested that the 2,4-D resistance in KCTR is a nuclear trait. Chi-square analyses of F2 segregation data implied that 2,4-D resistance in KCTR is controlled by multiple gene(s). Overall, our data suggest that the 2,4-D resistance in KCTR Palmer amaranth is a nuclear inherited trait controlled by multiple genes. Such resistance can spread both via pollen or seed-mediated gene flow. In future, efforts will be directed towards identifying genes mediating 2,4-D resistance in KCTR population.
Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 variant transitions using differences in diagnostic cycle threshold values of target genes
Authors: Bordoy Antoni E. , Saludes Verónica , Panisello Yagüe David , Clarà Gemma , Soler Laia , Paris de León Alexia , Casañ Cristina , Blanco-Suárez Ana , Guerrero-Murillo Mercedes , Rodríguez-Ponga Beatriz , Noguera-Julian Marc , Català-Moll Francesc , Pey Irina , Armengol Maria Pilar , Casadellà Maria , Parera Mariona , Pluvinet Raquel , Sumoy Lauro , Clotet Bonaventura , Giménez Montserrat , Martró Elisa , Cardona Pere-Joan , Blanco Ignacio
Published: December 2022

Monitoring the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants is important to detect potential risks of increased transmission or disease severity. We investigated the identification of SARS-CoV-2 variants from real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) routine diagnostics data. Cycle threshold (Ct) values of positive samples were collected from April 2021 to January 2022 in the Northern Metropolitan Area of Barcelona (n = 15,254). Viral lineage identification from whole genome sequencing (WGS) was available for 4618 (30.3%) of these samples. Pairwise differences in the Ct values between gene targets (ΔCt) were analyzed for variants of concern or interest circulating in our area. A specific delay in the Ct of the N-gene compared to the RdRp-gene (ΔCtNR) was observed for Alpha, Delta, Eta and Omicron. Temporal differences in ΔCtNR correlated with the dynamics of viral replacement of Alpha by Delta and of Delta by Omicron according to WGS results. Using ΔCtNR, prediction of new variants of concern at early stages of circulation was achieved with high sensitivity and specificity (91.1% and 97.8% for Delta; 98.5% and 90.8% for Omicron). Thus, tracking population-wide trends in ΔCt values obtained from routine diagnostics testing in combination with WGS could be useful for real-time management and response to local epidemics.
Label-free testing strategy to evaluate packed red blood cell quality before transfusion to leukemia patients
Authors: Dybas Jakub , Wajda Aleksandra , Alcicek Fatih Celal , Kaczmarska Magdalena , Bulat Katarzyna , Szczesny-Malysiak Ewa , Martyna Agnieszka , Perez-Guaita David , Sacha Tomasz , Marzec Katarzyna M.
Published: December 2022

Patients worldwide require therapeutic transfusions of packed red blood cells (pRBCs), which is applied to the high-risk patients who need periodic transfusions due to leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma and other blood diseases or disorders. Contrary to the general hospital population where the transfusions are carried out mainly for healthy trauma patients, in case of high-risk patients the proper quality of pRBCs is crucial. This leads to an increased demand for efficient technology providing information on the pRBCs alterations deteriorating their quality. Here we present the design of an innovative, label-free, noninvasive, rapid Raman spectroscopy-based method for pRBCs quality evaluation, starting with the description of sample measurement and data analysis, through correlation of spectroscopic results with reference techniques' outcomes, and finishing with methodology verification and its application in clinical conditions. We have shown that Raman spectra collected from the pRBCs supernatant mixture with a proper chemometric analysis conducted for a minimum one ratio of integral intensities of the chosen Raman marker bands within the spectrum allow evaluation of the pRBC quality in a rapid, noninvasive, and free-label manner, without unsealing the pRBCs bag. Subsequently, spectroscopic data were compared with predefined reference values, either from pRBCs expiration or those defining the pRBCs quality, allowing to assess their utility for transfusion to patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
Mexican validation of the International Affective Digitized Sounds second edition (IADS-2) and additional sounds
Authors: Naal-Ruiz Norberto E. , Alonso-Valerdi Luz M. , Ibarra-Zarate David I. , Serrano-Cena Alba , Navas-Reascos Gustavo
Published: December 2022

Affective stimuli have been extensively used in emotion research for a better understanding of emotion regulation. Sound ratings, specifically non-verbal sounds, are biased by demographic indicators such as sex and nationality. Therefore, it is crucial to characterize sounds prior to their use in emotion research. This study aims to validate the IADS-2 database and additional sounds in a sample from the Mexican population. Three hundred twenty-nine participants born and raised in Mexico remotely listened to 174 sounds in monophonic format. They rated sounds according to the valence-arousal-dominance model using the Self-Assessment Manikin test. Results positively correlated to those of previous studies. Sex differences were observed only in dominance between female and male groups, contrary to the results from Portuguese, American and Japanese validations. Geographic region analysis demonstrated differences in arousal, indicating the need for additional research on occident and south regions. Furthermore, when conducting affective research, headphones and audio quality should be considered, primarily to reduce variability due to audio-related aspects, and to avoid changes in emotional experience. Finally, this study supports the feasibility of remote affective sound experiments over the internet as reported in previous research.
The efficacy of ocular surface assessment approaches in evaluating dry eye treatment with artificial tears
Authors: Szczesna-Iskander Dorota H. , Muzyka-Wozniak Maria , Llorens Quintana Clara
Published: December 2022

This study evaluates the effectiveness of objective techniques in assessing dry eye disease (DED) treatment compared with the subjective assessment commonly used in clinical practice. Thirty subjects were recruited for two visits separated by 28(± 3) days of treatment with artificial tears. A buttery of common subjective assessment methods were accompanied by a set of objective techniques including measurement of noninvasive tear film break-up time (NIBUT), lipid layer thickness (LLT), and quantitative evaluation of tear film surface quality and dynamics (TFD). Additionally, meibography was performed. Two commercially available videokeratoscopes and a prototype of a lateral shearing interferometer were used for the measurements. Both subjective and objective techniques showed a positive effect of artificial tears in DED treatment. Statistically significant improvements were observed in subjective symptoms (from P < 0.001 for Ocular Surface Disease Index, OSDI to p = 0.019 for tearing), conjunctival redness (P = 0.022), ocular staining (P = 0.012), fluorescein tear film break-up time (P = 0.015), NIBUT (P = 0.037), LLT (P < 0.001), and TFD (P = 0.048). In general, weak or statistically insignificant correlations were observed between subjective and objective assessment methods. The apparent lack of correlation between these methods might indicate the complementary character of objective techniques that likely assess other characteristics of ocular surface health than those assessed subjectively.
Fig latex inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria invading human diabetic wounds and accelerates wound closure in diabetic mice
Authors: Salah Mohamed , Badr Gamal , Hetta Helal F. , Khalifa Walaa A. , Shoreit Ahmed A.
Published: December 2022

Impaired wound healing is one of the most critical complications associated with diabetes mellitus. Infections and foot ulcers are major causes of morbidity for diabetic patients. The current treatment of diabetic foot ulcers, commonly used antibiotics, is associated with the development of bacterial resistance. Hence, novel and more effective natural therapeutic antibacterial agents are urgently needed and should be developed against the pathogenic bacteria inhabiting diabetic wounds. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the impact of fig latex on pathogenic bacteria and its ability to promote the healing process of diabetic wounds. The pathogenic bacteria were isolated from patients with diabetic foot ulcers admitted to Assiut University Hospital. Fig latex was collected from trees in the Assiut region, and its chemical composition was analyzed using GC‒MS. The antibacterial efficacy of fig latex was assessed on the isolated bacteria. An in vivo study to investigate the effect of fig latex on diabetic wound healing was performed using three mouse groups: nondiabetic control mice, diabetic mice and diabetic mice treated with fig latex. The influence of fig latex on the expression levels of β-defensin-1, PECAM-1, CCL2 and ZO-1 and collagen formation was investigated. The GC‒MS analysis demonstrated the presence of triterpenoids, comprising more than 90% of the total latex content. Furthermore, using a streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model, topical treatment of diabetic wound tissues with fig latex was shown to accelerate and improve wound closure by increasing the expression levels of β-defensin-1, collagen, and PECAM-1 compared to untreated diabetic wounds. Additionally, fig latex decreased the expression levels of ZO-1 and CCL2.
Improvement of a coastal vulnerability index and its application along the Calabria Coastline, Italy
Authors: Pantusa Daniela , D’Alessandro Felice , Frega Ferdinando , Francone Antonio , Tomasicchio Giuseppe Roberto
Published: December 2022

The present paper further develops a coastal vulnerability index formulation (CVI) previously proposed by the authors by integrating a new variable and redefining three variables to improve the suitability of the index for low-lying coasts. Eleven variables are divided into three typological groups: geological, hydro-physical process and vegetation. The geological variables are: geomorphology, shoreline erosion/accretion rates, coastal slope, emerged beach width, and dune. The hydro-physical process group includes: river discharge, sea-level change, mean significant wave height and mean tide range. The vegetation variables are: vegetation behind the back-beach and coverage of Posidonia oceanica. The index was applied to a stretch of the Ionian coast in the province of Crotone in the Calabria region (Southern Italy), and a vulnerability map was produced. A geography information system (GIS) platform was used to better process the data. For the case study area, the most influential variables are shoreline erosion/accretion rates, coastal slope, emerged beach width, dune, vegetation behind the back-beach, and coverage of Posidonia oceanica. The most vulnerable transects are those near urban areas characterized by the absence of dunes and vegetation. Statistical and sensitivity analyses were performed, and the proposed CVI was compared with the previous formulation proposed by the authors and with two other CVI methods present in the literature.
Three-dimensional analysis of modeled facial aging and sexual dimorphism from juvenile to elderly age
Authors: Velemínská Jana , Jaklová Lenka Kožejová , Kočandrlová Karolina , Hoffmannová Eva , Koudelová Jana , Suchá Barbora , Dupej Ján
Published: December 2022

A detailed understanding of craniofacial ontogenetic development is important in a variety of scientific disciplines dealing with facial reconstruction, forensic identification, ageing prediction, and monitoring of pathological growth, including the effect of therapy. The main goals of this study were (1) the construction of the facial aging model using local polynomial regression fitting separately for both sexes, (2) evaluation of the aging effect not only on facial form as a whole but also on dimensions important for clinical practice, and (3) monitoring of the development of shape facial sexual dimorphism. Our study was based on the form and shape analysis of three-dimensional facial surface models of 456 individuals aged 14–83 years. The facial models were obtained using a structured light-based optical scanner and divided (for some analyses) into four age categories (juveniles, young adults, middle adults, and elderly adults). The methodology was based on geometric and classic morphometrics including multivariate statistics. Aging in both sexes shared common traits such as more pronounced facial roundness reducing facial convexity, sagging soft tissue, smaller visible areas of the eyes, greater nose, and thinner lips. In contrast to female faces, male faces increase in size until almost 30 years of age. After the age of 70, male facial size not only stagnates, like in females, but actually decreases slightly. Sexual dimorphic traits tended to diminish in the frontal and orbitonasal areas and increase in the gonial area.
Rate of force development relationships to muscle architecture and contractile behavior in the human vastus lateralis
Authors: Werkhausen Amelie , Gløersen Øyvind , Nordez Antoine , Paulsen Gøran , Bojsen-Møller Jens , Seynnes Olivier R.
Published: December 2022

In this study, we tested the hypotheses that (i) rate of force development (RFD) is correlated to muscle architecture and dynamics and that (ii) force–length–velocity properties limit knee extensor RFD. Twenty-one healthy participants were tested using ultrasonography and dynamometry. Vastus lateralis optimal fascicle length, fascicle velocity, change in pennation angle, change in muscle length, architectural gear ratio, and force were measured during rapid fixed-end contractions at 60° knee angle to determine RFD. Isokinetic and isometric tests were used to estimate individual force–length–velocity properties, to evaluate force production relative to maximal potential. Correlation analyses were performed between force and muscle parameters for the first three 50 ms intervals. RFD was not related to optimal fascicle length for any measured time interval, but RFD was positively correlated to fascicle shortening velocity during all intervals (r = 0.49–0.69). Except for the first interval, RFD was also related to trigonometry-based changes in muscle length and pennation angle (r = 0.45–0.63) but not to architectural gear ratio. Participants reached their individual vastus lateralis force–length–velocity potential (i.e. their theoretical maximal force at a given length and shortening velocity) after 62 ± 24 ms. Our results confirm the theoretical importance of fascicle shortening velocity and force–length–velocity properties for rapid force production and suggest a role of fascicle rotation.
Assessment of influences of posterior rotation of the tibial condyles on the Insall-Salvati ratio
Authors: Nagamine Ryuji , Kawasaki Makoto , Kim Kang-Il , Sakai Akinori , Suguro Toru
Published: December 2022

The positional relationship between patellar and femoral articular surfaces may vary according to the degree of posterior rotation of the tibial condyle, which may influence the patellar configuration. We hypothesized that the configuration of the patella has a rhomboid transformation similar to that of the tibial condyle. This cohort study included 313 patients with knee pain who underwent lateral-view knee digital radiography. The length of the long axis, short axis of the patella, and patellar tendon length of the patellofemoral joint were measured. The patella axis ratio (length of long/short axis) as patellar configuration and Insall-Salvati ratio were calculated. Correlations between the configuration of the tibial condyle and the three length parameters and the Insall-Salvati ratio were assessed. Posterior rotation and the rhomboid transformation of the tibial condyle were positively correlated with the length of the long axis of the patella and negatively correlated with the Insall-Salvati ratio. The more the tibial articular surface shifted posteriorly due to posterior rotation and rhomboid transformation of the tibial condyle, the longer the long axis of the patella was, and the smaller the Insall-Salvati ratio was. The long axis of the patella became longer due to rhomboid transformation, similar to the tibial condyle.
Periportal steatosis in mice affects distinct parameters of pericentral drug metabolism
Authors: Albadry Mohamed , Höpfl Sebastian , Ehteshamzad Nadia , König Matthias , Böttcher Michael , Neumann Jasna , Lupp Amelie , Dirsch Olaf , Radde Nicole , Christ Bruno , Christ Madlen , Schwen Lars Ole , Laue Hendrik , Klopfleisch Robert , Dahmen Uta
Published: December 2022

Little is known about the impact of morphological disorders in distinct zones on metabolic zonation. It was described recently that periportal fibrosis did affect the expression of CYP proteins, a set of pericentrally located drug-metabolizing enzymes. Here, we investigated whether periportal steatosis might have a similar effect. Periportal steatosis was induced in C57BL6/J mice by feeding a high-fat diet with low methionine/choline content for either two or four weeks. Steatosis severity was quantified using image analysis. Triglycerides and CYP activity were quantified in photometric or fluorometric assay. The distribution of CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2D6, and CYP2E1 was visualized by immunohistochemistry. Pharmacokinetic parameters of test drugs were determined after injecting a drug cocktail (caffeine, codeine, and midazolam). The dietary model resulted in moderate to severe mixed steatosis confined to periportal and midzonal areas. Periportal steatosis did not affect the zonal distribution of CYP expression but the activity of selected CYPs was associated with steatosis severity. Caffeine elimination was accelerated by microvesicular steatosis, whereas midazolam elimination was delayed in macrovesicular steatosis. In summary, periportal steatosis affected parameters of pericentrally located drug metabolism. This observation calls for further investigations of the highly complex interrelationship between steatosis and drug metabolism and underlying signaling mechanisms.
A viscoelastic–viscoplastic constitutive model for polymer bonded explosives under low impact loading
Authors: Xiao Youcai , Wang Zeyu , Wang Ruisheng , Zhang Xiaowei , Fan Chenyang , Wei Zhifang , Sun Yi
Published: December 2022

Viscoplastic work is very important to explosive ignition under impact loading. At present, a large number of constitutive models only consider the viscoelastic and damage behavior of explosives, ignoring the plastic effect under low impact loading. A new viscoelastic–viscoplastic (VE–VP) model was developed and studied to describe the dynamic mechanical behaviors of polymer-bonded explosives (PBXs). The total strain was assumed to be the sum of the viscoelastic (VE) and viscoplastic (VP) components. A generalized Maxwell model was used to determine the VE responses. A VP model was developed by using the classical J2 rate-dependent model with isotropic hardening. Viscoplastic flow was considered in hyperbolic sinusoidal form. The explicit algorithms of VE model were proposed and assessed by using two different integration methods. The accuracy and efficiency of these two methods are similar at high strain rates. The coupled algorithms of VE–VP model were developed by referring to the classical elasto-viscoplasticity (EVP) provided and using the expression of incremental relaxation modulus. The proposed model was implemented in the ABAQUS using a user-subroutine (VUMAT) to predict the response behaviors of PBX 9501 under low impact loading. Several numerical simulations illustrated the computational efficiency and the accuracy of the proposed methods. The model predictions were compared with experimental data, and reasonable agreement was obtained.
Structural optimization and hydraulic performance analysis of bionic pit flow channels based on a genetic algorithm
Authors: Xu Tianyu , Su Yanru , Su Zhouming , Zhi Shuteng , Zheng Ennan
Published: December 2022

Orthogonal experiments have mostly been used in the structural optimization of drip irrigation emitter flow channels. To further improve the efficiency of the optimal design, this study used a genetic algorithm to optimize the structure of the bionic pit flow channel. Based on the structural similarity and performance optimization of the torus-margo bordered pit structure, the constitutive equation of the flow channel unit was constructed. The selection, crossover and mutation operators were set by the genetic algorithm, and the objective function value was calculated. The design variables and known variables that met the requirements were put into the computational domain model, and the pit flow channel structure was simulated and optimized. The results showed that there were large low-velocity regions at the junctions and corners of the pit flow channel units at a working pressure of 50 kPa, and no complete low-velocity vortices were observed, indicating that the flow channels had good anti-clogging performance. The distribution of flow velocity on the same cross-section was quite different, which made the flow layers collide and mix, which intensified the loss of energy, indicating that it had a good energy dissipation effect. The multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the four variables of tooth stagger value (j), flow channel angle (θ), tooth spacing (l) and inner and outer boundary spacing (h) had a decreasing degree of influence on the flow index (x). The flow index (x) was negatively correlated with the tooth stagger value (j), flow channel angle (θ) and tooth spacing (l), and positively correlated with the inner and outer boundary spacing (h). The test results of physical samples showed that the average error between the simulation results and the real values was 3.4%, indicating that the accuracy was high, which can provide a basis for the structural optimization design of related pit drip irrigation emitters.
Direct imaging of intracellular RNA, DNA, and liquid–liquid phase separated membraneless organelles with Raman microspectroscopy
Authors: Samuel Ashok Zachariah , Sugiyama Kaori , Ando Masahiro , Takeyama Haruko
Published: December 2022

Methodologies for direct intracellular imaging of RNA and DNA are necessary for the advancement of bioimaging. Here we show direct label-free imaging of RNA and DNA in single cells by isolating their accurate Raman spectra. Raman images of DNA from interphase cells show intact nucleus, while those from mitotic cells reveal condensed chromosome. The condensed chromosome images are accurate enough to assign the stage of mitotic cell division (e.g., metaphase). Raman spectral features indicate B-DNA double helical conformational form in all the cell lines investigated here. The Raman images of RNAs, on the other hand, reveal liquid-liquid phase separated (LLPS) membraneless organelles in interphase cells, which disappears during mitosis. Further, the Raman spectrum of proteins from the intracellular LLPS organelles indicates slight enrichment of amyloid-like secondary structural features. Vibrational imaging of intracellular DNA and RNA simultaneously would open myriad of opportunities for examining functional biochemical aspects of cells and organelles.
Exploring robust architectures for deep artificial neural networks
Authors: Waqas Asim , Farooq Hamza , Bouaynaya Nidhal C. , Rasool Ghulam
Published: December 2022

The architectures of deep artificial neural networks (DANNs) are routinely studied to improve their predictive performance. However, the relationship between the architecture of a DANN and its robustness to noise and adversarial attacks is less explored, especially in computer vision applications. Here we investigate the relationship between the robustness of DANNs in a vision task and their underlying graph architectures or structures. First we explored the design space of architectures of DANNs using graph-theoretic robustness measures and transformed the graphs to DANN architectures using various image classification tasks. Then we explored the relationship between the robustness of trained DANNs against noise and adversarial attacks and their underlying architectures. We show that robustness performance of DANNs can be quantified before training using graph structural properties such as topological entropy and Olivier-Ricci curvature, with the greatest reliability for complex tasks and large DANNs. Our results can also be applied for tasks other than computer vision such as natural language processing and recommender systems.
CO2 Methanation
Authors: Huynh H. L. , Yu Z.
Published: December 2022

This chapter reviews catalytic CO2 methanation regarding reaction thermodynamics, catalysts, mechanisms, kinetics, and reactors for the production of synthetic natural gas (SNG). CO2 methanation is one of the fundamental reactions of CO2 utilization processes, a key technology to solve the emerging challenge of human society nowadays – global climate change due to CO2 emissions.
Advances in Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction Toward Multi-carbon Products
Authors: Lawrence K. R. , Kumar A. Sajeev , Asperti S. , van den Berg D. , Girichandran N. , Kortlever R.
Published: December 2022

Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction to multi-carbon products such as ethylene and ethanol is a promising method to store electricity in chemical bonds and produce bulk chemicals from CO2. Simultaneous consideration of processes taking place at the molecular scale, electrolyser scale, and the process scale is crucial to efficiently move towards commercialization and avoid optimizing for unrealistic operating conditions. This chapter summarizes the relevant considerations at each vantage point and reviews the latest developments in CO2 reduction toward multi-carbon products at different scales.
CO2 Splitting With Nanosecond Pulsed Discharge
Authors: Scapinello M. , Stefanidis G. D. , Delikonstantis E.
Published: December 2022

In view of GHG emissions mitigation, efficient methods for CO2 splitting are necessitated. Whilst conventional thermocatalytic processes are limited by thermodynamic equilibrium, and high temperatures are needed to efficiently dissociate the very stable CO2 molecule, non-thermal plasma can efficiently promote CO2 splitting via electron-impact reactions at mild operating conditions. Nanosecond pulsed discharge (NPD), a relatively new plasma technology, holds promises for CO2 splitting applications since it operates beyond the thermodynamic equilibrium, maximizing the conversion of electrical energy into chemical and limiting the energy dissipation to heating. Recent advances in NPD-driven CO2 splitting are discussed herein, related to cracking mechanisms, experiments, diagnostics and modelling.
Microbial CO2 Conversion Routes
Authors: Magiri – Skouloudi Despina , Topakas Evangelos , Karellas Sotirios
Published: December 2022

The concept of microbial CO2 conversion has attracted major interest within the past few years from both the research community and industry, as recent advances showcase this technology's potential for wide commercial deployment, mostly due to its notable versatility and effectiveness. The two main microbial bioprocess categories commonly implemented in microbial carbon capture and utilisation (CCU) systems are gas fermentation (either anaerobic or aerobic, with CO2 and CO as main carbon sources) and anaerobic digestion (with CH4 as main carbon source). This chapter examines the main pathways and process configurations developed thus far for microbial CO2 utilization. Target products of microbial CCU processes are also presented, ranging from fuels and commodity chemicals to specialty chemicals, pharmaceuticals, plastic precursors and intermediates for the paints, lubricants, adhesives and thinners industry, as well as food and feed ingredients. In this chapter, the major metabolic pathways, products and bioprocess characteristics of microbial CO2 conversion configurations are discussed, followed by an analysis of the major benefits, challenges and future prospects of microbial CCU systems.
“Trojan horse” nanoparticle-delivered cancer cell membrane vaccines to enhance cancer immunotherapy by overcoming immune-escape
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Sun Bing , Sun Luyao , Niu Xueming , Li Li , Xu Zhi Ping
Published: December 2022

A biomimetic CpG-layered double hydroxide nanoparticle-engineered cancer cell membrane nano-vaccine with mannose conjugation to boost anti-cancer immunity with a long-term anti-tumor immune response was proposed.
A bimetallic Ag15Cu12(S-c-C6H11)18(CH3COO)3 nanocluster featuring an irregular Ag12 kernel
Authors: Lin Zhenzhen , Zhang Ting , Fang Cao , Jin Shan , Xu Chang , Hu Daqiao , Zhu Manzhou
Published: December 2022

A novel Ag–Cu bimetallic nanocluster Ag15Cu12(S-c-C6H11)18(CH3COO)3 consisting of an irregular Ag12 core and a stabilizing Ag3Cu12(SR)18(CH3COO)3 shell was synthesized. The optical properties were characterized experimentally and theoretically.
Sn(ii)-doped one-dimensional hybrid metal halide [C5H14NO]CdCl3single crystals with broadband greenish-yellow light emission
Authors: Cheng Haiming , Cao Chi , Teng Shiyong , Zhang Zhinan , Zhang Ying , Wang Dayang , Yang Wensheng , Xie Renguo
Published: December 2022

The cadmium-based organic–inorganic hybrid [C5H14NO]CdCl3is a potential nonlinear optical material. In addition, Sn2+-doped [C5H14NO]CdCl3exhibits bright greenish-yellow light emission.
Probing the stability of SrIrO3during active water electrolysisvia operandoatomic force microscopy
Authors: Akbashev Andrew R. , Roddatis Vladimir , Baeumer Christoph , Liu Tianchi , Mefford J. Tyler , Chueh William C.
Published: December 2022

Using atomically flat SrIrO3as a model electrocatalyst for water oxidation, we study the interplay between Sr2+leaching and perovskite dissolution at the nanometer scale through electrochemical atomic force microscopy.
Organic iodides in efficient and stable perovskite solar cells: strong surface passivation and interaction
Authors: Ren Guanhua , Zhang Zhiguo , Deng Yanyu , Li Zhuowei , Liu Chunyu , Wang Mingkui , Guo Wenbin
Published: December 2022

Passivation of organic iodides without annealing induces the formation of iodine interstitial (Ii) defects. The cations of organic iodides with appropriate structures can suppress Ii migration, leading to a device efficiency of 24.20% and enhanced operational stability.
Generation characteristics and spreading risk of VOCs released from a biological fermentation pharmaceutical factory
Authors: Wang Yanjie , Song Huiling , Li Lin , Ma Jiawei , Yu Fangfang
Published: December 2022

Pharmaceutical factories produce a large amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which may pose a potential health threat to the environment, workers, and nearby residents.
Role of inner-sphere complexation in phosphate removal by metal–organic frameworks: experimental and theoretical investigation
Authors: Choudhary Vaishali , Boukhvalov Danil W. , Philip Ligy
Published: December 2022

In the present study, sorptive and electro-sorptive capture of phosphate using NH2-MIL-101(Al), NH2-MIL-101(Fe), and UiO-66-NH2 was investigated.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new arjunolic acid derivatives as anticancer agents
Authors: Gonçalves Bruno M. F. , Mendes Vanessa I. S. , Silvestre Samuel M. , Salvador Jorge A. R.
Published: December 2022

Arjunolic acid derivatives containing a pentameric A-ring were prepared. The biological activity on the viability of human cancer and non-tumor cell lines was evaluated as well as the molecular mechanism of action in PANC-1 cells for compound 26.
Preparation of ZrO2via a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method and its catalytic performance for n-pentanal self-condensation
Authors: Yu Han , Wang Rui , Zhao Xinghua , An Hualiang , Zhao Xinqiang , Wang Yanji
Published: December 2022

The equal acid–base centers and their synergetic catalysis of ZrO2 account for its high catalytic activity.
High-valent Cu(iii)–CF3 compound-mediated esterification reaction
Authors: Dai Ming-Suo , Zheng Zhen-Mei , Zhang Song-Lin
Published: December 2022

The use of a Cu(iii)–CF3 complex as a novel coupling reagent allows a general esterification reaction with broad substrate scope. Two activated carboxyl species are generated and interact with each other.
Energy level modulation of TiO2 using amino trimethylene phosphonic acid for efficient perovskite solar cells with an average VOC of 1.19 V
Authors: Yue Xiaopeng , Fan Bingbing , Zhao Xing , Yang Yingying , Qu Shujie , Zhang Qiang , Sun Xin , Cui Peng , Ma Junfeng , Li Meicheng
Published: December 2022

Amino trimethylene phosphonic (ATMP) acid can effectively control the crystal growth of TiO2 to get preferable energy level and topography. High VOC and PCE were achieved for ATMP–TiO2 based perovskite solar cells.
Interface effects on the current transport properties of multi-layered (Ba, K)Fe2As2 superconducting wires
Authors: Yao Chao , Guo Wenwen , Zhu Yanchang , Liu Xinyuan , Han Meng , Liu Fang , Liu Huajun , Qin Jinggang , Zheng Jinxing , Ma Yanwei
Published: December 2022

Multi-layered iron-based superconducting wires were developed using a tape-in-tube method. The interface between the superconducting filament and the Ag matrix is found to play an important role in the phase homogeneity and current carrying performance.
CAT: Learning to collaborate channel and spatial attention from multi‐information fusion
Authors: Wu Zizhang , Wang Man , Sun Weiwei , Li Yuchen , Xu Tianhao , Wang Fan , Huang Keke
Published: December 2022

Channel and spatial attention mechanisms have proven to provide an evident performance boost of deep convolution neural networks. Most existing methods focus on one or run them parallel (series), neglecting the collaboration between the two attentions. In order to better establish the feature interaction between the two types of attentions, a plug‐and‐play attention module is proposed, which is termed as ‘CAT’—activating the Collaboration between spatial and channel Attentions based on learned Traits. Specifically, traits are represented as trainable coefficients (i.e. colla‐factors) to adaptively combine contributions of different attention modules to fit different image hierarchies and tasks better. Moreover, the global entropy pooling is proposed apart from global average pooling and global maximum pooling (GMP) operators, which is an effective component in suppressing noise signals by measuring the information disorder of feature maps. A three‐way pooling operation is introduced into attention modules and the adaptive mechanism is applied to fuse their outcomes. Extensive experiments on MS COCO, Pascal‐VOC, Cifar‐100, and ImageNet show that our CAT outperforms the existing state‐of‐the‐art attention mechanisms in object detection, instance segmentation, and image classification. The model and code will be released soon.
Optimal semi‐dynamic traffic and power flow assignment of coupled transportation and power distribution systems for electric vehicles
Authors: Zhao Qiang , Wei Zhenfan , Liu Hui , Han Yinghua , Wang Jinkuan
Published: December 2022

As the most promising alternative to internal combustion engines (ICEs), electric vehicles (EVs) have an excellent development outlook. The charging route scheduling of EVs can simultaneously affect traffic congestion in the transportation network (TN) and power flow distribution in the power distribution network (PDN). The research on TN and PDN coupling networks based on the static traffic flow model is relatively mature; however, it ignores that the traffic flow will spread across periods in a short scheduling period. In this paper, a semi‐dynamic traffic flow model is proposed to represent the dynamic propagation characteristics of EVs and ICEs flow. Furthermore, the cost of carbon emission and system operation are combined as the overall goal of system optimisation. Since the model has become a more complex non‐linear model, this paper proposes to combine the heuristic sequential boundary tightening and binary expansion method to linearise the model. The study compared four cases and found that a 20% penetration rate of EVs can reduce carbon emissions by 4.2% while reducing the system's total cost by 10%. Moreover, the impact of network congestion on the spatiotemporal distribution of traffic flow and power flow in the coupled network is alleviated.
Usability of a gamified antibiotic resistance awareness mobile application: A qualitative evaluation
Authors: Mohamad Ummul Hanan , Abdul Hakim Intan Nadiah , Ali‐Akbari Mahdi
Published: December 2022

Antibiotic resistance has been one of the global health threats, yet the awareness of this issue remained low. Hence, an antibiotic resistance awareness app (Stop and End the Drastic Antibiotic Resistance [SEDAR]) was developed to improve public awareness of this issue. To identify the usability problems and improve the app's design before its deployment to the real user, a study on usability must be conducted. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the findings from the usability evaluation of the SEDAR app and present the necessary critical revisions made to improve the usability further. This study adopted guerrilla testing, observation, and retrospective probing methods to evaluate the usability of the SEDAR app. In total, eight participants were involved in this study. Based on the qualitative data, the SEDAR app has good usability. The participants found that it is easy to use, and the navigation within the app is straightforward. The information on antibiotics and antibiotic resistance conveyed through the app is easy to understand due to laymen's terms instead of using scientific terms. A substantial revision suggested by a few participants to further improve the SEDAR app was to add another language selection, the Malay language, to help local users with difficulties understanding English. The SEDAR app has acceptable usability. It is sufficient for users to learn more about antibiotics and antibiotic resistance as the app is easy to use and straightforward. The preliminary data suggested that SEDAR can potentially increase public awareness of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance.
A dagging‐based deep learning framework for transmission line flexibility assessment
Authors: Morteza Azita , Sadipour Masod , Fard Reza Saadati , Taheri Saman , Ahmadi Amirhossein
Published: December 2022

Uncertainty in renewable energy generation, energy consumption, and electricity prices, as well as transmission congestion, pose a number of problems in modern power grids, necessitating stability on the supply, grid, and demand sides. Grid‐side stability can be achieved by dynamic line rating (DLR) forecasting, which reliably predicts the overall current carrying potential of overhead transmission lines. Long short‐term memory proved beneficiary in this field, owing to its ability to learn highly variable and uncertain data. To empower this network to tackle the non‐stationary nature of meteorological parameters, a novel machine learning (ML) architecture based on Dagging technique is proposed and tested on the data collected from a 400 kV overhead transmission line. Simulation results corroborate that the proposed Dagging‐based stacked LSTM can successfully handle the non‐stationary issue and outperform the decomposition‐based technique, as the state‐of‐the‐art algorithm, for various forecasting horizons. The results confirm the generalizability of models with an application in forecasting DLR over the line without utilizing additional sensors and communication networks. Moreover, the proposed model is compared to several ML architectures, including support vector machines (SVM), random forest (RF), and multi‐layer perceptron (MLP) in a comprehensive benchmark study. The introduced algorithm outperforms MLP by 3.4%, RF by 9.4%, and SVM by 6.7% in terms of average prediction accuracy.
The contribution of low‐head pumped hydro storage to grid stability in future power systems
Authors: Qudaih Mohammed , Engel Bernd , Truijen Daan P. K. , De Kooning Jeroen D. M. , Stockman Kurt , Hoffstaedt Justus , Jarquin‐Laguna Antonio , Ruiz Ruben Ansorena , Goseberg Nils , de Vilder Lucas , Bricker Jeremy D. , Joseph Melvin , Zangeneh Mehrdad , Terheiden Kristina
Published: December 2022

The pan‐European power grid is experiencing an increasing penetration of Variable Renewable Energy (VRE). The fluctuating and non‐dispatchable nature of VRE hinders them in providing the Ancillary Service (AS) needed for the reliability and stability of the grid. Therefore, Energy Storage Systems (ESS) are needed along the VRE. Among the different ESS, a particularly viable and reliable option is Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS), given its cost‐effective implementation and considerable lifespan, in comparison to other technologies. Traditional PHS plants with Francis turbines operate at a high head difference. However, not all regions have the necessary topology to make these plants cost‐effective and efficient. Therefore, the ALPHEUS project will introduce low‐head PHS for regions with a relatively flat topography. In this paper, a grid‐forming controlled converter coupled with low‐head PHS that can contribute to the grid stability is introduced, emphasising its ability to provide different AS, especially frequency control, through the provision of fast Frequency Containment Reserve (fFCR) as well as synthetic system inertia. This paper is an extended version of the paper “The Contribution of Low‐head Pumped Hydro Storage to a successful Energy Transition”, which was presented at the 19th Wind Integration Workshop 2020.
Für ein krisenresilienteres Gesundheitssystem – was
lernen wir aus der Krise
Authors: Rebscher Herbert
Published: December 2022

Fortschritt beruht auf Erfahrungen, auch und vielleicht zuallererst auf Erfahrungen
aus Fehlern und Erfahrungen des Scheiterns. Dieses Grundprinzip menschlichen Lernens
durchzieht die Erziehung, die Pädagogik, die Trainingslehre im Sport und
selbstverständlich auch unternehmerische, gesellschaftliche und historische
Zusammenhänge.
Digitalisierung und De-Karbonisierung – die zentralen
Herausforderungen der Medizin
Authors: Werner Jochen A.
Published: December 2022

Vor rund einem halben Jahr, im April 2022, veröffentlichten Schweizer
Forscher der Eidgenössischen Technische Hochschule Lausanne im Magazin
„Science Robotics“1 eine Studie, die beschreibt, welche Berufsbilder
von der Digitalisierung und dem Einsatz Künstlicher Intelligenz besonders
bedroht sind. Die Untersuchung analysiert auf Basis von rund 1.000 Berufsbildern des
amerikanischen Arbeitsministeriums die Gefahr, perspektivisch durch Roboter oder den
Einsatz Künstlicher Intelligenz ersetzt zu werden. Dazu haben die
Wissenschaftler einen Automatisierungs-Risiko-Index errechnet, der untersucht,
welche Fähigkeiten für den jeweiligen Job nötig sind und
welche auch Maschinen ausführen können. Schlachter und
Fleischverpacker haben demnach das größte Risiko, von Robotern
ersetzt zu werden, rund 78 Prozent der für die Ausübung der
Tätigkeit notwendigen Fähigkeiten haben die Maschinen bereits heute.
Am anderen, vermeintlich sicheren Ende der Skala finden sich die Physiker mit einem
Automatisierungs-Index von 48 Prozent. Das heißt aber im Umkehrschluss: Fast
die Hälfte der Fähigkeiten werden ebenfalls bereits heute von
Maschinen erreicht.
Das Netzwerk Universitätsmedizin: Der Transfer von
Erkenntnissen aus der Forschung in die Patient*innenbehandlung am
Beispiel von COVID-19
Authors: Heyder Ralf
Published: December 2022

Ein wichtiges Instrument zur Verbreitung neuer Erkenntnisse aus der Forschung in
der Patient*innenbehandlung sind Leitlinien. Sie sollen eine
möglichst optimale evidenzbasierte Versorgung unterstützen.
Für den Umgang mit einer neuen Erkrankung wie COVID-19, für die
es initial keine etablierte Versorgungspraxis gab, war die schnelle Erarbeitung
aktueller Leitlinien essentiell. Angesichts intensiver weltweiter Forschung
entstand in kurzer Zeit sehr viel neues Wissen. Gleichzeitig mussten akut sehr
viele Patient*innen behandelt werden. Die Fülle neuer
Erkenntnisse musste somit in einer Zeit sehr schnell in die Praxis transferiert
werden, in der medizinisches Personal durch den hohen Versorgungsbedarf ohnehin
schon sehr stark belastet war. Zudem ist die Erstellung von Leitlinien
zeitintensiv und aufwändig. Daher hat das Netzwerk
Universitätsmedizin (NUM), ein Forschungsverbund von 36 deutschen
Universitätsklinika, im Projekt CEOsys Ansätze entwickelt, um
den Transfer neuer Erkenntnisse aus der COVID-19-Forschung in die
Patient*innenbehandlung erheblich zu beschleunigen. Die dafür
erforderlichen Plattformen müssen nun verstetigt werden, um die Pandemic
Preparedness in Deutschland dauerhaft zu verbessern.
Corona-Pandemie: Ökonomische Aspekte des Impfschutzes und der
Impfpriorisierung im Herbst 2022
Authors: Ulrich Volker , Cassel Dieter
Published: December 2022

Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, ob das Gesundheitswesen besser als bisher durch
den dritten Pandemieherbst und den folgenden Winter kommen könnte und
welche Maßnahmen dazu ergriffen werden müssten. Wie kann seine
Resilienz und Nachhaltigkeit zum Wohle der Bevölkerung gestärkt
werden?