bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Aerial Oxidation of a Porphyrin. Part 4. Unsymmetrical meso‐Tetra‐Aryl Porphyrins with 3,5‐Di‐tert.‐butyl‐4‐hydroxyphenyl and 4‐Hydroxyphenyl Substituents.
Authors: MILGROM L. R. , MOFIDI N. , JONES C. C. , HARRIMAN A.
Published: May 2016

In methanolic KOH, the title compounds (IVb)‐(IVe) (yields given in mg; 1H NMR data, UV/VIS and ESR spectra) undergo irreversible aerial oxidation, which is slower and less extensive than that of the known parent compound (IVa).
ChemInform Abstract: Icosahedral Shell Structure in Metal‐Doped Rare Gas Clusters.
Authors: SCHRIVER K. E. , HAHN M. Y. , PERSSON J. L. , LAVILLA M. E. , WHETTEN R. L.
Published: May 2016

A molecular beam source of metal atom‐doped inert gas clusters is developed and time‐of‐flight mass spectra are reported for AlArn clusters (n = 1‐200) generated using this source.
ChemInform Abstract: X‐Ray Powder Structure and Rietveld Refinement of the Monosodium‐Exchanged Monohydrate of α‐Zirconium Phosphate, Zr(NaPO4)(HPO4)·H2O.
Authors: RUDOLF P. R. , CLEARFIELD A.
Published: May 2016

The title compound crystallizes in space group P21/c with Z=4.
ChemInform Abstract: Importance of the Anatase‐Rutile Phase Transition and Titania Grain Enlargement in the Strong Metal‐Support Interaction (SMSI) Phenomenon in Fe/TiO2 Catalysts.
Authors: NOBILE A. JUN. , DAVIS M. W. JUN.
Published: May 2016

It is found, that in the catalyst system consisting of iron supported on high‐surface‐area titania powder anatase‐rutile phase transition, titania grain enlargement, and the SMSI effect occur simultaneously at reduction temp. above 723 K. The three phenomena are proposed to be interrelated whereby Ti3+ defect centers in the titania lattice formed by reduction are responsible for acceleration of the phase transition and grain enlargement.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of the New Mixed Oxides M2(GeTe)O6 (M: K, Rb, Cs).
Authors: AMARILLA M. , VEIGA M. L. , PICO C. , GAITAN M. , JEREZ A.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds are prepared by solid state reaction of Te(OH)6, GeO2, and MNO3 (M: K, Rb, Cs) (porcelain crucibles, 673 K, 36 h; 873 K, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Allylic Electron‐Transfer Oxidation of β‐Ionone.
Authors: CALO V. , LOPEZ L. , TROISI L.
Published: May 2016

Oxidation of β‐ionone (I) with a cation radical oxidizing‐agent in the presence of water or alcohols (III) leads to the formation of the allylic alcohol and ethers (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of 7,7′‐Biindolyls by Oxidative Dimerization of 4,6‐Dimethoxy‐2,3‐diphenylindole.
Authors: BLACK D. ST. C. , CHOY A. , CRAIG D. C. , IVORY A. J. , KUMAR N.
Published: May 2016

Oxidation of 4,6‐dimethoxy‐2,3‐diphenylindole (I) with 1,4‐benzoquinone or chloranil results in dimerization, producing the 7,7‐biindolyl (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Quaternary Salts of 2‐((Hydroxyimino)methyl)imidazole. Part 3. Synthesis and Evaluation of (Alkenyloxy)‐, (Alkynyloxy)‐, and (Aralkyloxy)methyl Quaternized 2‐((Hydroxyimino)methyl)‐1‐alkylimidazolium Halides as Reactivators and Therapy for Soman Intoxication.
Authors: BEDFORD C. D. , HARRIS R. N. III , HOWD R. A. , GOFF D. A. , KOOLPE G. A. , PETESCH M. , KOPLOVITZ I. , SULTAN W. E. , MUSALLAM H. A.
Published: May 2016

Forty‐six imidazolium halides such as (V) are prepared by reaction of the imidazole (IV) with chloromethyl ethers such as (III) which are obtained from the corresponding alcohols (I) and trioxane (II) in the presence of HCl.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Thermal Transformations of N‐Alkylthiazolidine Sulfoxides.
Authors: HERCHEN S. R.
Published: May 2016

The 2‐phenylthiazolidines (I) are oxidized with MCPBA to form the sulfoxides (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon‐Hydrogen Bond Activation in Novel η2‐Bound Cationic Heterocycle Complexes of Pentaammineosmium(II).
Authors: CORDONE R. , HARMAN W. D. , TAUBE H.
Published: May 2016

Reduction of the Os complex (I) with cobaltocene in the presence of cationic pyridines such as (II) leads to formation of the isolable π‐complex (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Vacuum‐Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of Group V Oxides: P4O6 and As4O6.
Authors: ROSE J. L. , VANCOTT T. C. , SCHATZ P. N. , BOYLE M. E. , PALMER M. H.
Published: May 2016

For the first time vacuum UV and MCD spectra are reported for P4O6 and As4O6 isolated in argon matrices.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Dissolved Electron Acceptors and Platinum Loading on the Luminescence of CdS Powder in Aqueous Solutions.
Authors: UCHIHARA T. , MATSUMURA M. , TSUBOMURA H.
Published: May 2016

In the case of CdS powders in aqueous solution, the intensity of the green emission (510 nm) is not affected by the addition of electron donors such as SO32‐ and (Fe(CN)6)4‐ but is significantly lowered by addition of electron acceptors such as methylviologen and (Fe(CN)6)3‐ as well as by loading with Pt.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies of the n‐GaAs/KOH‐Se2‐ 2‐Se2‐ Semiconductor/Liquid Junction.
Authors: TUFTS B. J. , ABRAHAMS I. L. , CASAGRANDE L. G. , LEWIS N. S.
Published: May 2016

The I‐V characteristics of the semiconductor/liquid junction of title are determined for a variety of conditions, including changes in the majority carrier density, the minority carrier diffusion length, and the incident light intensity.
ChemInform Abstract: 51V NMR Investigation of the Interactions of Vanadate with Hydroxypyridines and Pyridinecarboxylates in Aqueous Solution.
Authors: GALEFFI B. , TRACEY A. S.
Published: May 2016

The condensation of vanadate with a variety of substituted pyridines is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydration of Nitriles to Amides Promoted by Mercury(II) Acetate in Acetic Acid.
Authors: PLUMMER B. F. , MENENDEZ M. , SONGSTER M.
Published: May 2016

The nitriles (I) are converted into the carboxylic amides (II) by treatment with mercury(II) acetate in boiling acetic acid in the presence of water.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron‐Deficient Isoxazoles: 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions of Ethyl 4‐Nitro‐3‐phenylisoxazole‐5‐carboxylate with Diazoalkanes.
Authors: NESI R. , GIOMI D. , PAPALEO S. , BRACCI S. , DAPPORTO P.
Published: May 2016

1,3‐Dipolar cycloaddition of the title compound (I) with equimolar amounts of diazomethane (II) produces the oxazabicyclo(3.1.0)hexene derivative (IV), obtained via the intermediate adduct (III) by elimination of nitrogen, and the isoxazole derivative (V); 40% of the starting material (I) are recovered.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐Alkyl‐1,2,4‐triazoles: A New One‐Pot Regiospecific Procedure.
Authors: ASTLEFORD B. A. , GOE G. L. , KEAY J. G. , SCRIVEN E. F. V.
Published: May 2016

Alkylation of 4‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole (I) with the alkyl halides (II) produces regioselectively the 1‐alkyl‐4‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazolium salts (III) which are converted into the title compounds (IV) by deamination with sodium nitrite/hydrochloric acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Substituent‐Directing Effects in the Homolytic Acylation of Pyrazine Derivatives.
Authors: HOUMINER Y. , SOUTHWICK E. W. , WILLIAMS D. L.
Published: May 2016

Homolytic acylation of the methoxy‐ or chloro‐substituted pyrazines (I) with the aldehydes (II) in the presence of tert‐butyl hydroperoxide and ferrous sulfate produces the 2,3‐disubstituted pyrazines (III), whereas acylation of the acetyl, carbethoxy, and carboxamido derivatives (IV) with (II) leads to the formation of the 2,5‐disubstituted pyrazines (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Boron‐Stabilized N,O‐Carbenes. Part 1. Triphenylboron Adducts of Siloxy‐ and Hydroxyalkyl Isocyanides and Spontaneous Formation of Ate‐Ylids.
Authors: FEHLHAMMER W. P. , HOFFMEISTER H. , STOLZENBERG H. , BOYADJIEV B.
Published: May 2016

The adducts (III) of triphenylboron (II) and 2‐ and 3‐hydroxyalkyl isocyanides (I) spontaneously undergo intramolecular cyclization to give the compounds (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Aminophosphites.
Authors: STAMATOV S. D. , IVANOV S. A.
Published: May 2016

Activation of the triaminophosphane (I) with iodine and subsequent addition of the alcohols (II) yield the phosphorus derivatives (III) which are oxidized in situ by sulfur to give the bisamidothiophosphates (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Diphos‐Dithiophosphate‐Carboxylate Variations on the Mo2S6+ 2 Core.
Authors: LIZANO A. C. , RICHARDSON J. F. , NOBLE M. E.
Published: May 2016

The carboxylate‐bridged diphosphine(dithiophosphato)‐Mo2 complexes (IV) are obtained by reaction of the tetramer (I) with three equiv. of the diphosphine (II) and the carboxylic acid (III) as shown.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiolato‐Technetium Complexes. Part 3. Synthesis and X‐Ray Structural Studies on the Geometrical Isomers cis‐ and trans‐Bis(p‐chlorobenzenethiolato)bis(1,2‐bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane)technetium(II).
Authors: KONNO T. , HEEG M. J. , DEUTSCH E.
Published: May 2016

The air‐stable geometric isomers (III) and (IV) of the title complex are obtained according to the scheme and characterized by X‐ray structure analysis (cis isomer (III): space group Iba2, Z=4; trans isomer (IV): P21/c, Z=2).
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal Silyl Complexes. Part 29. Formation of Dihydride Complexes from Hydrido(silyl)tetracarbonyliron Derivatives.
Authors: SCHUBERT U. , KNORR M.
Published: May 2016

The attempted CO/phosphine exchange reaction of the hydrido(silyl)tetracarbonyl‐Fe complexes (I) with the diphosphine (II) results in the unexpected formation of the dihydride complex (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Insect Antifeedants from Azadirachta indica. Part 4. Synthesis Towards the Limonoid Azadirachtin; Preparation of a Functionalized Decalin Fragment.
Authors: LEY S. V. , ABAD SOMOVILLA A. , BROUGHTON H. B. , CRAIG D. , SLAWIN A. M. Z. , TOOGOOD P. L. , WILLIAMS D. J.
Published: May 2016

The functionalized decalin fragment (VIII), a possible synthetic precursor of the naturally occurring insect antifeedant azadirachtin (IX), is prepared starting from (I) and (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Vanadium Oxides (V2Ox) Catalysts for Dry‐Type and Simultaneous Removal of Sulfur Oxides and Nitrogen Oxides with Ammonia at Low Temperature.
Authors: KASAOKA S. , SASAOKA E. , IWASAKI H.
Published: May 2016

It is found that V2Ox supported on TiO2 is a suitable catalyst for the simultaneous removal of SOx and NOx from waste gases.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkane Functionalization on a Preparative Scale by Mercury‐Photosensitized Cross‐Dehydrodimerization.
Authors: BROWN S. H. , CRABTREE R. H.
Published: May 2016

Alkanes such as (I) can be functionalized in high chemical and quantum yields on a multigram scale by the mercury‐photosensitized reaction with alcohols, ethers or silanes such as (II) or (IV) to give the cross‐dimers (III) or (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Anomalous Behaviour of Substituted Allylbenzenes in Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Reaction.
Authors: IYER M. , RELE D. N. , TRIVEDI G. K.
Published: May 2016

Eugenol (I) produces the dimer (II) upon Wacker reaction with hydrogen peroxide in ethanol.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Trinuclear Mixed‐Metal Complexes Containing the Heteronuclear Ions (MII((OH)CrA4(OH))2(H2O)4)4+ and (MII((OH)CoA4(OH))2(H2O)4)4+ (A: Amine Ligand).
Authors: CORBIN K. M. , HODGSON D. J. , LYNN M. H. , MICHELSEN K. , NIELSEN K. M. , PEDERSEN E.
Published: May 2016

The title complexes (I) are obtained according to a literature method from the appropriate metal chlorides and cis‐dihydroxotetraminechromium(III) dithionate.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Bile Pigments. Part 16. Synthesis of a Vinyl‐Substituted 2,3‐Dihydrobilinedione: Possible Role of This New Class of Bile Pigments in Phycobilin Biosynthesis.
Authors: GOSSAUER A. , NYDEGGER F. , BENEDIKT E. , KOEST H.‐P. +
Published: May 2016

Starting from the pyrrole precursors (I) and (II), the racemic bile pigment derivative (Va) is obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: Ozonolysis of Alkenes and a Study of the Reactions of Polyfunctional Compounds. Part 38. Synthesis of Isopropyl 3,7,11‐Trimethyl‐11‐methoxy‐2E,4E‐dodecadienoate.
Authors: ODINOKOV V. N. , KUKOVINETS O. S. , ZAINULLIN R. A. , TOLSTIKOV G. A.
Published: May 2016

Starting from 1,5‐dimethylcyclooct‐1‐ene (I), which is submitted to ozonolysis, an 82:18 mixture of the isomeric 2E,4E‐ and 2Z,4E‐configurated isopropyl esters (VII) and (VIII) is prepared in 15% overall yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Etching of n‐GaAs in Hydroxides.
Authors: SVORCIK V. , RYBKA V. , POKORNY J. , MYSLIK V.
Published: May 2016

Laser‐stimulated etching of (100) oriented n‐GaAs is studied in 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 M aqueous solutions of LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, and CsOH.
ChemInform Abstract: A Controlled Atmosphere in situ X‐Ray Diffraction Study of the Activation and Performance of Ammonia Synthesis Catalysts Derived from CeRu2, CeCo2, and CeFe2.
Authors: WALKER A. P. , RAYMENT T. , LAMBERT R. M.
Published: May 2016

Ammonia synthesis catalysts are derived from the title precursors by decomposition of the intermetallic alloys in pure H2, N2/H2 and CO/H2 under various regimes of temp. and pressure and a comparison is made between hydride‐based catalysts and the corresponding oxide‐based materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Course of Thiocyanation of 1,6‐Methano(10)annulene. Elimination of Thiocyanogen from a Diisothiocyanate.
Authors: NEIDLEIN R. , CONSTANTINESCU T.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of annulene (I) with thiocyanogen (II) (in situ from NH4SCN and Br2) leads to the expected thiocyanate (IV) but in addition the unusual products isothiocyanate (V) and diisothiocyanate (VI) are found as well.
ChemInform Abstract: Xanthates as a Source of Stabilized Carbon‐Centered Radicals Using Visible Light.
Authors: MESTRE F. , TAILHAN C. , ZARD S. M.
Published: May 2016

The xanthates (I) react with the maleimides (II) to give the adducts (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Some Hexacarboxylic Acid Derivatives of Hexaazatriphenylene.
Authors: KANAKARAJAN K. , CZARNIK A. W.
Published: May 2016

Hexaazatriphenylenehexacarboxylic acid trianhydride (II) generated in situ reacts with the primary amines (III), dimethylamine (VIa), or methanol (VIb) to give the tricarboxylic acid derivatives (IV) or (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Concave Reagents. Part 2. Macrobicyclic 1,10‐Phenanthrolines.
Authors: LUENING U. + , MUELLER M. +
Published: May 2016

Metal ion template‐assisted bis‐condensation between the dialdehyde (I) and the diamines (II) affords the corresponding Schiff bases, i.e. macrocyclic 1,10‐phenanthrolinediimines which form isolable Pb2+ complexes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity of a 1,3‐Diphospha‐2‐silaallyl Anion.
Authors: NIECKE E. , KLEIN E. , NIEGER M.
Published: May 2016

The title anion, the first example of a stable delocalized 3p(π) bonding system, is prepared as its Li salt (V) according to the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: A Rapid Equilibrium Between the Cyclic Metallathiacyclopropane Cp(CO)Fe(C(SMe)(SMe)2) and Its Carbene Mercaptide Form.
Authors: GLAVEE G. N. , ANGELICI R. J.
Published: May 2016

The title compound (II) is prepared by photolysis of the complex (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecific Iron Uptake Mediated by Phytosiderophore in Gramineous Plants.
Authors: OIDA F. , OTA N. , MINO Y. , NOMOTO K. , SUGIURA Y.
Published: May 2016

Natural phytosiderophores are low‐molecular weight iron chelators, which regulate the iron uptake in gramineous plants.
ChemInform Abstract: Sensing Characteristics and Working Mechanism of Four‐Probe Type Solid‐State Hydrogen Sensor Using Proton Conductor.
Authors: MIURA N. , HARADA T. , YAMAZOE N.
Published: May 2016

A four‐probe type electrochemical cell with a solid‐state proton conductor (Sb2O5·4 H2O) sensor capable of detecting dilute hydrogen in air at room temp. is described in detail.
Young adult female cancer survivors' unmet information needs and reproductive concerns contribute to decisional conflict regarding posttreatment fertility preservation
Authors: Benedict Catherine , Thom Bridgette , N. Friedman Danielle , Diotallevi Debbie , M. Pottenger Elaine , J. Raghunathan Nirupa , Kelvin Joanne F.
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND

Many young adult female cancer survivors (YAFCS) are at risk of experiencing premature menopause. The current study characterized the posttreatment fertility information needs, reproductive concerns, and decisional conflict regarding future options for posttreatment fertility preservation (FP) among YAFCS.

METHODS

Participants completed a Web‐based, anonymous survey between February and March 2015. The survey included investigator‐designed questions of perceived information needs, the Reproductive Concerns After Cancer Scale, and the Decisional Conflict Scale. Analyses included Pearson correlation coefficients, independent‐sample Student t tests, and multiple regression.

RESULTS

There was a total of 346 participants with an average age of 29.9 years (SD = 4.1 years) who were 4.9 years from treatment (SD = 5.4 years [range, 0‐27 years]). The main analyses focused on a subgroup of YAFCS with uncertain fertility status who had not previously undergone/attempted FP and either wanted future children or were unsure (179 women). Across fertility information topics, 43% to 62% of participants reported unmet information needs. The greatest reproductive concerns were related to fertility potential and the health of future offspring. The regression model controlled for a priori covariates including current age, age at treatment completion, income, relationship status, nulliparity, and prior fertility evaluation. Greater unmet information needs were found to be related to greater decisional conflict (β = .43; p<.001); greater reproductive concerns were associated at the trend level (β = .14, p = .08; F[8,118] = 6.42, p<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

YAFCS with limited awareness or knowledge of their risk of experiencing premature menopause and FP options reported higher levels of decisional conflict regarding future FP. Posttreatment survivorship care should include comprehensive reproductive health counseling, including posttreatment FP options and family‐building alternatives. Cancer 2016;122:2101–9. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Chronic exposure to ivabradine reduces readmissions in the vulnerable phase after hospitalization for worsening systolic heart failure: a post‐hoc analysis of SHIFT
Authors: Komajda Michel , Tavazzi Luigi , Swedberg Karl , Böhm Michael , Borer Jeffrey S. , Moyne Aurélie , Ford Ian ,   on behalf of the SHIFT Investigators
Published: May 2016

Aims

During the post‐discharge phase following a heart failure hospitalization (HFH), patients are at high risk of early readmission despite standard of care therapy. We examined the impact of chronic exposure to ivabradine on early readmissions in patients hospitalized for heart failure during the course of the SHIFT study (Systolic Heart Failure treatment with the If inhibitor ivabradine Trial).

Methods and results

A total of 1186 of the 6505 randomized patients experienced at least one HFH during the study, and had a more severe profile than those without HFH. Of these 1186 patients, 334 patients (28%) were rehospitalized within 3 months for any reason, mostly for cardiovascular causes (86%), including HFH (61%). Ivabradine was associated with fewer all‐cause hospitalizations at 1 month [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.50–1.00, P < 0.05], 2 months (IRR 0.75, 95% CI 0.58–0.98, P = 0.03), and 3 months (IRR 0.79, 95% CI 0.63–0.99, P = 0.04). A trend for a reduction in cardiovascular and HF hospitalizations was also observed in ivabradine‐treated patients.

Conclusion

We demonstrate in this post‐hoc analysis that chronic exposure to ivabradine reduces the incidence of all‐cause hospitalizations during the vulnerable phase after a HFH. Further studies are needed to investigate if in‐hospital or early post‐discharge initiation of ivabradine could be useful to improve early outcomes in patients hospitalized for HF.
Gold(I)‐Catalysed Azepine Synthesis from Propargyl Acetals and Aryl Azides
Authors: Evjen Sigvart , Fiksdahl Anne
Published: May 2016

Gold(I)‐catalysed reactions of phenylpropargyl acetals and aryl azides gave trans‐3,6‐methoxy‐1,4,5‐triaryl‐4,5‐dihydro‐azepine products (78–94 %) in a highly diastereoselective manner. Two units of propargyl acetal and one unit of aryl azide are incorporated into the azepine product. The reaction proceeds by a sequential two‐step pathway via an activated Z‐2‐methoxy vinyl imine intermediate, with a final [4+3] cycloaddition. The imine intermediate could be isolated and used for the further selective preparation of unsymmetrically substituted azepines. The results described here contribute to an improved understanding of the gold(I)‐catalysed reactions of highly reactive propargyl acetals, which undergo a diversity of selective cyclisation reactions with different reactants.
O‐Phenylisourea Synthesis and Deprotonation: Carbodiimide Elimination Precludes the Reported Chapman Rearrangement
Authors: Tate Joseph A. , Hodges George , Lloyd‐Jones Guy C.
Published: May 2016

The kinetics of the addition of phenol to diisopropylcarbodiimide, and reaction of the resulting N,N′‐diisopropyl‐O‐phenylisourea with hydroxide, are reported. The isourea is generated by a slow overall termolecular equilibrium process, inhibited by isourea–phenol salt generation. In contrast to an earlier report, reaction of the isourea with hydroxide does not induce a synthetically useful 1,3‐O–N (Chapman) rearrangement. Instead, deprotonation results in solvolysis by carbodiimide elimination.
Evaluation of Bismuth Modified Carbon Thread Electrode for Simultaneous and Highly Sensitive Cd (II) and Pb (II) Determination
Authors: Saeed Ayman Ali , Singh Baljit , Nooredeen Abbas Mohammed , Dempsey Eithne
Published: May 2016

Bismuth film modified and chemically activated carbon micro‐thread electrodes were investigated for the simultaneous determination of Cd(II) and Pb(II) using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. The carbon thread electrode was characterised using both surface and electrochemical techniques. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies demonstrated that the H2SO4/IPA‐treated carbon thread electrode showed a much improved resistance response (Rct=23 Ω) compared to the IPA‐untreated carbon thread (Rct=8317 Ω). Furthermore, parameters such as the effect of deposition potential, deposition time and Bi(III) concentration were explored using square wave voltammetry. Detection limits (S/N=3) for Cd(II) and Pb(II) were found to be 1.08 µg L−1 and 0.87 µg L−1, respectively and response was found to be linear over the range 5–110 µg L−1. The proposed Bi/IPA‐treated carbon thread electrode exhibited a high selectivity towards Cd(II) and Pb(II) even in the presence of a range of heavy metals and is capable of repetitive and reproducible measurements, being attributed to the high surface area, geometry and electrode treatment characteristics. The proposed metal ion sensor was employed to determine cadmium and lead in river water samples and % RSD was found to be 5.46 % and 5.93 % for Cd(II) and Pb(II) respectively (n=3). Such facile sensing components favour the development of cost effective portable devices for environmental sample analysis and electrochemical applications.
Pilot‐assisted channel estimation with MSE‐optimal thresholding for OFDM systems
Authors: Peng Yuexing , Alexandropoulos George C. , Li Yonghui
Published: May 2016

A transform‐domain (TD) pilot‐assisted channel estimation (PACE) technique to minimize the mean squared error (MSE) performance for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems is presented in this paper. The proposed technique utilizes a specially designed pilot pattern, according to which the computationally intensive inverse matrix operation needed to obtain the PACE vector is efficiently replaced by a matrix transposition. Assuming a block frequency‐selective Rayleigh fading channel model, we first analyse the detection reliability of the positions of the most significant taps (MSTs) of the channel impulse response and its effect on the MSE performance of time‐domain PACE. Because the error probability of the MSTs' position estimation plays a significant role in the MSE performance and, as such, all unreliably estimated MSTs should be discarded from the final PACE vector, an MSE‐optimal thresholding approach for MSTs is introduced. With this approach, all estimated MSTs whose amplitude is less than a detection reliability‐based threshold are discarded. A closed‐form expression and a lower bound for the MSE performance of the proposed TD PACE technique with MSE‐optimal thresholding are obtained for block frequency‐selective Rayleigh fading channels. The validity of all derived performance expressions is verified by Monte Carlo simulations. The conducted performance results show that the MSE‐optimal thresholding technique considerably outperforms the existing PACE techniques. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preferences for ‘Gender‐typed’ Toys in Boys and Girls Aged 9 to 32 Months
Authors: Todd Brenda K. , Barry John A. , Thommessen Sara A. O.
Published: May 2016

Many studies have found that a majority of boys and girls prefer to play with toys that are typed to their own gender but there is still uncertainty about the age at which such sex differences first appear, and under what conditions. Applying a standardized research protocol and using a selection of gender‐typed toys, we observed the toy preferences of boys and girls engaged in independent play in UK nurseries, without the presence of a parent. The 101 boys and girls fell into three age groups: 9 to 17 months, when infants can first demonstrate toy preferences in independent play (N = 40); 18 to 23 months, when critical advances in gender knowledge occur (N = 29); and 24 to 32 months, when knowledge becomes further established (N = 32). Stereotypical toy preferences were found for boys and girls in each of the age groups, demonstrating that sex differences in toy preference appear early in development. Both boys and girls showed a trend for an increasing preference with age for toys stereotyped for boys. Theoretical implications of the findings are discussed with regard to biological predispositions, cognitive development and environmental influences on toy preference. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling the resonant frequency of compact microstrip antenna by the PSO‐based SVM with the hybrid kernel function
Authors: Fei‐Yan Sun , Yu‐Bo Tian , Zuo‐Lin Ren
Published: May 2016

A methodology based on the support vector machine (SVM) combined with a hybrid kernel function (HKF) for accurately modeling the resonant frequencies of the compact microstrip antenna (MSA) is presented and dedicated to reduce the number of samples and simplify the structure when predicting the resonant frequency of the compact MSA by artificial neural network. The parameters of the SVMs and weight coefficients of the HKF are optimized by means of particle swarm optimization algorithm. In addition, two different kernel functions (KFs), namely polynomial KF (a kind of global KF) and Cauchy KF (a kind of local KF), are employed to overcome the disadvantages of traditional KF. The proposed method is validated by the UCI database. The evaluation results show that the HKF can improve the learning ability and generalization ability of the SVM. Furthermore, the resonant frequencies of a planar inverted F‐shaped antenna and an L‐shaped MSA are modeled by the proposed method. Predictive results with high accuracy demonstrate that the particle swarm optimization‐based SVM with the HKF can improve the prediction accuracy for a small dataset. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effective remediation of fish processing waste using mixed culture biofilms capable of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification
Authors: Markande Anoop R. , Kapagunta Chandrika , Patil Pooja S. , Nayak Binaya B.
Published: May 2016

Fish processing waste water causes pollution and eutrophication of water bodies when released untreated. Use of bacteria capable of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) as biofilms on carriers in a moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) is a popular approach but seldom used for fish processing waste water remediation. Here, we studied the variations in biofilm formation and application activities by isolates Lysinibacillus sp. HT13, Alcaligenes sp. HT15 and Proteus sp. HT37 previously reported by us. While HT13 and HT15 formed significantly higher biofilms in polystyrene microtitre plates than on carriers, HT37 exhibited highest on carriers. A consortium of the three selected bacteria grown as biofilm on MBBR carriers exhibited better remediation of ammonia (200–600 ppm and 50 mM) than the individual isolates on carriers. The mixed biofilm set on the carriers was used for nitrogenous waste removal from fish processing waste water in 2 and 20 L setups. The total nitrogen estimated by elemental analysis showed complete remediation from 250 ppm in both 2 and 20 L waste water systems within 48 h. The usual toxic nitrogenous components—ammonia, nitrite and nitrate were also remediated efficiently.
Accelerating the pace of discovery in orthopaedic research: A vision toward team science
Authors: Bahney Chelsea S. , Bruder Scott P. , Cain Jarrett D. , Keyak Joyce H. , Killian Megan L. , Shapiro Irving M. , Jones Lynne C.
Published: May 2016

The landscape of basic science in the United States and around the world is changing, and the field of orthopaedic research is positioned to lead by embracing a culture of collaborative, team science that reflects our field's interdisciplinary nature. In this article we hope to address some of the cultural challenges and programmatic barriers that impede a team science approach in the US and suggest opportunities for change. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1673–1679, 2016.
Mulching Affects Soil Properties and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Under Long‐Term No‐Till and Plough‐Till Systems in Alfisol of Central Ohio
Authors: Nawaz Ahmad , Lal Rattan , Shrestha Raj Kumar , Farooq Muhammad
Published: May 2016

Agricultural activities emit greenhouse gases (GHGs) and contribute to global warming. Intensive plough tillage (PT), use of agricultural chemicals and the burning of crop residues are major farm activities emitting GHGs. Intensive PT also degrades soil properties by reducing soil organic carbon (SOC) pool. In this scenario, adoption of no‐till (NT) systems offers a pragmatic option to improve soil properties and reduce GHG emission. We evaluated the impacts of tillage systems (NT and PT) and wheat residue mulch on soil properties and GHG emission. This experiment was started in 1989 on a Crosby silt loam soil at Waterman Farm, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA. Mulching reduced soil bulk density and improved total soil porosity. More total carbon (16.16 g kg−1), SOC (8.36 mg L−1) and soil microbial biomass carbon (152 µg g−1) were recorded in soil under NT than PT. Mulch application also decreased soil temperature (0–5 cm) and penetration resistance (0–60 cm). Adoption of long‐term NT reduced the GHG emission. Average fluxes of GHGs under NT were 1.84 g CO2‐C m−2 day−1 for carbon dioxide, 0.07 mg CH4‐C m−2 day−1 for methane and 0.73 mg N2O‐N m−2 day−1 for nitrous oxide compared with 2.05 g CO2‐C m−2 day−1, 0.74 mg CH4‐C m−2 day−1 and 1.41 mg N2O‐N m−2 day−1, respectively, for PT. Emission of nitrous oxide was substantially increased by mulch application. In conclusion, long‐term NT reduced the GHG emission by improving the soil properties. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gelatin—Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels with Tuned Stiffness to Counterbalance Cellular Forces and Promote Cell Differentiation
Authors: Poveda‐Reyes Sara , Moulisova Vladimira , Sanmartín‐Masiá Esther , Quintanilla‐Sierra Luis , Salmerón‐Sánchez Manuel , Ferrer Gloria Gallego
Published: May 2016

Cells interact mechanically with their environment, exerting mechanical forces that probe the extracellular matrix (ECM). The mechanical properties of the ECM determine cell behavior and control cell differentiation both in 2D and 3D environments. Gelatin (Gel) is a soft hydrogel into which cells can be embedded. This study shows significant 3D Gel shrinking due to the high traction cellular forces exerted by the cells on the matrix, which prevents cell differentiation. To modulate this process, Gel with hyaluronic acid (HA) has been combined in an injectable crosslinked hydrogel with controlled Gel–HA ratio. HA increases matrix stiffness. The addition of small amounts of HA leads to a significant reduction in hydrogel shrinking after cell encapsulation (C2C12 myoblasts). We show that hydrogel stiffness counterbalanced traction forces of cells and this was decisive in promoting cell differentiation and myotube formation of C2C12 encapsulated in the hybrid hydrogels.

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Growth Opportunities, Stockholders' Claim/Liability on Pension Plans, and Corporate Pension Policies
Authors: Lee Yul W.
Published: May 2016

In this study, I derive the value of stockholders' claim on a pension surplus and stockholders' liability for a pension deficit in the post‐Employee Retirement Income Security Act regulatory environment. Based on that valuation, I develop a model of corporate pension policies in which sponsoring firms weigh contributions to their pension plan against the exercise of growth options in the allocation of limited financial resources. The model shows how corporate pension funding and asset allocation policies are shaped by the sponsoring firms' characteristics, such as growth options, the marginal corporate tax rate, and regulatory variables such as the deficit reduction contribution rate, the variable‐rate insurance premium, and the maximum possible fraction of operating assets that can be seized by the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. I discuss policy and empirical implications of the theoretical results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel polypropyleneβ‐nucleating agent with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane core: synthesis and application
Authors: Barczewski Mateusz , Dobrzyńska‐Mizera Monika , Dutkiewicz Michał , Szołyga Mariusz
Published: May 2016

Synthesis and nucleation ability of a novel silsesquioxane‐basedβ‐nucleating agent for isotactic polypropylene (iPP) are presented. A silsesquioxane cage (POSS) was octa‐functionalized with a commercially used nucleating agent, namelyN2,N6‐dicyclohexylnaphthalene‐2,6‐dicarboxamide (NU‐100), and used as a carrier with the ability to promote crystallization ofβ‐phase in polypropylene matrix. Presented results include the synthesis route of theβ‐nucleating agent (SF‐B01) and a description of its nucleation ability in iPP. The influence of SF‐B01 on iPP matrix was examined using differential scanning calorimetry, wide‐angle X‐ray scattering and static tensile tests. Investigations were complemented with polarized light optical microscopy upon non‐isothermal crystallization of composites as well as scanning electron microscopy to qualitatively assess the filler distribution. Polypropylene samples modified with different amounts of NU‐100 were used as reference. Modification carried out with both nucleating agents reveals their comparable efficiency, i.e. a structure rich inβ‐phase is obtained in both cases. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of PEGylated poly(amino acid) pentablock copolymers and their self‐assembly
Authors: Iijima Michihiro , Ulkoski David , Sakuma Shunya , Matsukuma Daisuke , Nishiyama Nobuhiro , Otsuka Hidenori , Scholz Carmen
Published: May 2016

Pentablock copolymers with an ABCBA architecture were synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization of N‐carboxyanhydrides of l‐leucine and γ‐benzyl l‐glutamate using an α, ω‐diamino poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as macroinitiator. Three different PEGs with molecular weights of 2000, 4600 and 10 000 Da were used and the poly(amino acid) (PAA) block lengths were set to a combined 10 and 40, respectively, repeat units for p(l‐Leu) and 40 repeat units for p(l‐Glu). The molecular architecture of the resulting pentablock copolymers was determined by the order of monomer addition. The living character of the N‐carboxyanhydride ring‐opening polymerization enables the formation of multiblock copolymers. The degree of polymerization for the PAA blocks matched the monomer/initiator ratio. A structural switch element, which controls the hydrophilicity of the pentablock copolymers, was incorporated in the form of the p(l‐Glu) blocks. The pentablock copolymers became water soluble after hydrolyzing the benzyl ester protective groups. The pentablock copolymers self‐assembled into polymeric aggregates ranging in size between 160 and 340 nm. Hydrogels formed readily if the central PEG block had a molecular weight of at least 4600 Da and the terminal A‐blocks consisted of p(l‐Leu). SEM images confirmed the size ranges of the polymeric aggregates and showed non‐distinct spherical aggregates. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Reactive Liners Prepared Using Powders of Aluminum and Aluminum‐Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Guadarrama Jose , Dreizin Edward L. , Glumac Nick
Published: May 2016

Cylindrical reactive liners filled with powders of aluminum, aluminum‐magnesium alloys, and aluminum‐magnesium powder blends were prepared and initiated by a centrally located explosive charge. The experiments were performed in a cubic chamber. Several transient pressure measurements were taken in addition to the quasistatic pressure caused by the explosion. Results were compared against a reference case with an inert liner filled with aluminum oxide powder. For all reactive liners, an increase in both quasistatic pressure and blast wave strength were observed compared to the case of an inert liner. In experiments with mechanically alloyed Al⋅Mg powders, the quasistatic pressure is effectively the same as in experiments with pure aluminum. An improvement in the achieved quasistatic pressure is observed for the liners with a cast alloyed Al⋅Mg powder. Most interestingly, a substantial contribution to the air blast indicative of very early reaction occurring in sub‐millisecond time scale is observed for all experiments with reactive liners. The most substantial improvement in the blast characteristics is observed in experiments with mechanically alloyed Al⋅Mg powders. While the mechanisms of prompt reactions of metals and alloys remain largely unexplored, the present results highlight the importance of such reactions for reactive liners and other components of energetic systems.
Studies of human pancreatic elastase treatment of rabbit and human vein rings to predict human therapeutic doses
Authors: Burke Steven K. , Bunton David , Bingham Karen , Moss Emma , Bland Kimberly S. , Starcher Barry , Wong Marco D. , Franano F. Nicholas
Published: May 2016

Vascular tissue contains abundant elastic fibers that contribute to vessel elasticity. Vonapanitase (formerly PRT‐201) is a recombinant human chymotrypsin‐like elastase family member 1 (CELA1) shown to cleave the elastin component of elastic fibers, resulting in increased vessel diameter. The purpose of these current studies was to determine vein diameter, wall thickness, elastin content, and vonapanitase potency in veins used in a model of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and in patients undergoing AVF creation for hemodialysis access to guide dose selection for human trials. Rabbit linguofacial, maxillary, and external jugular veins, and human basilic and upper and lower arm cephalic veins were dissected postmortem and sectioned into 2 mm length rings. Rings were incubated in vonapanitase at 37°C at varying concentrations and times. Elastin content was estimated histologically and by quantifying desmosine, a protein cross‐link unique to elastin. Rabbit veins were substantially thinner and contained less elastin than human veins. In human veins, elastin content was greatest in basilic and least in lower arm cephalic. Vonapanitase removed elastin in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner in all vein types. A lower concentration of vonapanitase was required to remove elastin from rabbit relative to human veins. In summary, vonapanitase reduced the elastin content of rabbit and human veins but did so at a lower concentration in the rabbit veins. Rabbit models may overestimate the potency of vonapanitase in humans. These results indicate that human dose selection should be guided by human vein ring experiments.
Investigation of 1.3 μm AlGaInAs multi‐quantum wells for electro‐absorption modulated laser
Authors: Binet Guillaume , Decobert Jean , Lagay Nadine , Chimot Nicolas , Kazmierski Christophe
Published: May 2016

Monolithic photonic integrated circuits (PIC) transmitters using the prefixed optical phase switching concept for BPSK modulation format have been shown promising at 1.55 μm band. These devices could also be crucial for short reach connections and access networks. With this aim, we are studying basic quantum well designs for a laser and an electro‐absorption modulator switch to be integrated by selective area growth into PICs at 1.3 μm. Photocurrent measurements and band offset modeling have been performed to determine the MQW stack well‐fitted for this application. Broad area laser measurements have also been checked on these structures to verify the material lasing properties. A 6 nm thick well with low barrier seems to be the best trade‐off between absorption and shift for 1.3 μm EAM and it also gives good lasing properties.
Induction of auxetic response in needle‐punched nonwovens: Effects of temperature, pressure, and time
Authors: Verma Prateek , Shofner Meisha L. , Lin Angela , Wagner Karla B. , Griffin Anselm C.
Published: May 2016

We have examined the effect of temperature, pressure, and time on the magnitude of induced auxetic response in post‐manufacture‐processed needle‐punched nonwovens. Different combinations of these processing parameters – temperatures ranging from room temperature to above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of constituent fibers, pressure of 0.49 or 2.45 MPa, and duration of 4 or 24 h – were used to process these nonwovens. This resulted in some permanent compression (defined as “compression set”) and in out‐of‐plane auxetic behavior of the fabric, both of which were found to be proportional to the severity of the processing conditions employed. Milder processing conditions were found to be insufficient in producing significant compression set and hence produced little or no auxetic response. Using micro‐CT and optical video microscopy techniques, it was found that the processing conditions caused the fiber bundles present in needle‐punched nonwovens to assume a buckled/tilted state, which opened up during mechanical extension and hence were instrumental in the observed thickness increase.

Out‐of‐plane Poisson's ratio with strain for as‐received and treated nonwovens.
Effects of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) on Skin Health: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Evidence
Authors: Vaughn Alexandra R. , Branum Amy , Sivamani Raja K.
Published: May 2016

Turmeric (Curcuma longa), a commonly used spice throughout the world, has been shown to exhibit antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti‐neoplastic properties. Growing evidence shows that an active component of turmeric, curcumin, may be used medically to treat a variety of dermatologic diseases. This systematic review was conducted to examine the evidence for the use of both topical and ingested turmeric/curcumin to modulate skin health and function. The PubMed and Embase databases were systematically searched for clinical studies involving humans that examined the relationship between products containing turmeric, curcumin, and skin health. A total of 234 articles were uncovered, and a total of 18 studies met inclusion criteria. Nine studies evaluated the effects of ingestion, eight studies evaluated the effects of topical, and one study evaluated the effects of both ingested and topical application of turmeric/curcumin. Skin conditions examined include acne, alopecia, atopic dermatitis, facial photoaging, oral lichen planus, pruritus, psoriasis, radiodermatitis, and vitiligo. Ten studies noted statistically significant improvement in skin disease severity in the turmeric/curcumin treatment groups compared with control groups. Overall, there is early evidence that turmeric/curcumin products and supplements, both oral and topical, may provide therapeutic benefits for skin health. However, currently published studies are limited and further studies will be essential to better evaluate efficacy and the mechanisms involved. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crafting Creative Nonfiction: From Close Reading to Close Writing
Authors: Dollins Cynthia A.
Published: May 2016

A process writing project in a third‐grade classroom explored the idea of using nonfiction mentor texts to assist students in writing their own creative informational texts about animals. By looking at author craft and structure during close reading activities with nonfiction Twin Texts, students were taught how to emulate these techniques in their own writing. A process for implementation of the project is presented here. The project included mini‐lessons on various aspects of writing improvement such as crafting strong leads, using specific revision strategies, and exploring narrative elements in some informational texts. The results suggest that students were able to replicate writing style strategies found in mentor texts. Final writing drafts displayed how students included important facts in their informational writing and presented these facts in an engaging and powerful way.
A Comprehensive Study on the Synthesis and Micellization of Disymmetric Gemini Imidazolium Surfactants
Authors: Zhao Xiaohui , An Dong , Ye Zhiwen
Published: May 2016

Two groups of disymmetric Gemini imidazolium surfactants, [C14C4Cmim]Br2 (m = 10, 12, 14) and [CmC4Cnim]Br2 (m + n = 24, m = 12, 14, 16, 18) surfactants, were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR and ESI–MS spectroscopy. Their adsorption at the air/water interface, thermodynamic parameters and aggregation behavior were explored by means of surface tension, electrical conductivity and steady‐state fluorescence. A series of surface activity parameters, including cmc, γcmc, πcmc, pC20, cmc/C20, Γmax and Amin, were obtained from surface tension measurements. The results revealed that the overall hydrophobic chain length (Nc) for [C14C4Cmim]Br2 and the disymmetry (m/n) for [CmC4Cnim]Br2 had a significant effect on the surface activity. The cmc values decreased with an increase of Nc or m/n. The thermodynamic parameters of micellization (ΔGmθ, ΔHmθ, ΔSmθ) derived from the electrical conductivity indicated that the micellization process of [C14C4Cmim]Br2 and [CmC4Cnim]Br2 was entropy‐driven at different temperatures, but the contribution of ΔHmθ to ΔGmθ was enhanced by increasing Nc or m/n. The micropolarity and micellar aggregation number (Nagg) were estimated by steady‐state fluorescence measurements. The results showed that the surfactant with higher Nc or m/n can form larger micelles, due to a tighter micellar structure.