bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Volatile Anesthetic-Induced Organ Protection in Simultaneous Pancreas–Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Jahn Nora , Voelker Maria , Laudi Sven , Stehr Sebastian , Schneeberger Stefan , Brandacher Gerald , Sucher Elisabeth , Rademacher Sebastian , Seehofer Daniel , Hau Hans , Sucher Robert
Published: June 2022

Background: Despite recent advances in surgical procedures and immunosuppressive regimes, early pancreatic graft dysfunction, mainly specified as ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI)—Remains a common cause of pancreas graft failure with potentially worse outcomes in simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT). Anesthetic conditioning is a widely described strategy to attenuate IRI and facilitate graft protection. Here, we investigate the effects of different volatile anesthetics (VAs) on early IRI-associated posttransplant clinical outcomes as well as graft function and outcome in SPKT recipients. Methods: Medical data of 105 patients undergoing SPKT between 1998–2018 were retrospectively analyzed and stratified according to the used VAs. The primary study endpoint was the association and effect of VAs on pancreas allograft failure following SPKT; secondary endpoint analyses included “IRI- associated posttransplant clinical outcome” as well as long-term graft function and outcome. Additionally, peak serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipase during the first 72 h after SPKT were determined and used as further markers for “pancreatic IRI” and graft injury. Typical clinicopathological characteristics and postoperative outcomes such as early graft outcome and long-term function were analyzed. Results: Of the 105 included patients in this study three VAs were used: isoflurane (n = 58 patients; 55%), sevoflurane (n = 22 patients; 21%), and desflurane (n = 25 patients, 24%). Donor and recipient characteristics were comparable between both groups. Early graft loss within 3 months (24% versus 5% versus 8%, p = 0.04) as well as IRI-associated postoperative clinical complications (pancreatitis: 21% versus 5% versus 5%, p = 0.04; vascular thrombosis: 13% versus 0% versus 5%; p = 0.09) occurred more frequently in the Isoflurane group compared with the sevoflurane and desflurane groups. Anesthesia with sevoflurane resulted in the lowest serum peak levels of lipase and CRP during the first 3 days after transplantation, followed by desflurane and isoflurane (p = 0.039 and p = 0.001, respectively). There was no difference with regard to 10-year pancreas graft survival as well as endocrine/metabolic function among all three VA groups. Multivariate analysis revealed the choice of VAs as an independent prognostic factor for graft failure three months after SPKT (HR 0.38, 95%CI: 0.17–0.84; p = 0.029). Conclusions: In our study, sevoflurane and desflurane were associated with significantly increased early graft survival as well as decreased IRI-associated post-transplant clinical outcomes when compared with the isoflurane group and should be the focus of future clinical studies evaluating the positive effects of different VA agents in patients receiving SPKT.
Development of New Mental and Physical Health Sequelae among US Veterans after COVID-19
Authors: Patel Nilang , Dahman Bassam , Bajaj Jasmohan S.
Published: June 2022

Background:COVID-19 sequelae among veterans need evaluation. Design: Propensity-score-matched retrospective cohort study. Participants: A total 778,738 veterans, who were tested for COVID-19 at VA facilities between 20 February 2020–27 March 2021. Main Outcomes: Development of new physical and mental health conditions (incidence) during the follow-up period of 7 days to 3 months after the diagnosis of COVID-19. Results: Out of 778,738 veterans, 149,205 (19.2%) were inpatients and 629,533 (80.8%) were outpatients. 123,757 (15.9%) diagnosed with COVID-19. Mean age was 61 ± 15.4, mostly men (89%) who were White (68%) and non-Hispanic (88%). In hospitalized patients, COVID-19 is associated with significantly higher incidences of physical conditions (venous thromboembolism (5.8% vs. 2.9%, p < 0.001), pulmonary circulation disorder (5.1% vs. 2.9%, p < 0.001), chronic lung disease (8.4% vs. 4.3%, p < 0.001), acute kidney injury (16.4% vs. 9.3%, p < 0.001), chronic kidney disease (6.5% vs. 4.8%, p < 0.001), cardiac arrhythmia (15.2% vs. 10.9%, p < 0.001), complicated hypertension (12% vs. 8.5%, p < 0.001), coagulopathy (6.1% vs. 2.6%, p < 0.001), fluid/electrolyte disorders (24.4% vs. 12.6%, p < 0.001) and neurological disorders (7.1% vs. 3.8%, p < 0.001)) and mental health conditions (depressive episode (6.6% vs. 4.3%, p < 0.001), adjustment disorder (2.5% vs. 1.7%, p < 0.001), insomnia (4.9% vs. 3.2%, p < 0.001) and dementia (3.0% vs. 1.9%, p < 0.001)) compared to propensity-matched hospitalized COVID-19 negative patients. In outpatient settings, COVID-19 diagnosis is associated with smaller increase in the incidences of the physical sequelae. Conclusions: In this propensity-score-matched analysis of US veterans, COVID-19 survivors, especially those who were hospitalized, developed new physical and mental health sequelae at a significantly higher rate than those without COVID-19.
Can We Make Spine Surgery Safer and Better?
Authors: De la Garza Ramos Rafael
Published: June 2022

Driven mostly by an aging population, the utilization of spine surgery has increased exponentially over the last decades [...]
Recent Advances in the Management of Relapsed and Refractory Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas
Authors: Braunstein Zachary , Ruiz Miguel , Hanel Walter , Shindiapina Polina , Reneau John C. , Brammer Jonathan E.
Published: June 2022

Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a group of heterogeneous lymphomas with poor overall prognosis, particularly in the setting of relapsed/refractory PTCL. Given the limited efficacy of current therapies, several different novel therapies encompassing multiple different mechanisms of action have been evaluated for relapsed and refractory PTCLs. In this review, we explore the current standard of care for relapsed/refractory PTCL, and evaluate in depth novel and emerging therapies, their scientific basis, and current trials for relapsed/refractory PTCL.
Assessing the Spatio-Temporal Pattern and Development Characteristics of Regional Ecological Resources for Sustainable Development: A Case Study on Guizhou Province, China
Authors: Cheng Zhe , Zhao Tianyu , Song Tao , Cui Li , Zhou Xinfa
Published: June 2022

Sustainable development is a common challenge for all global economies, and the assessment of the spatial distribution and development process of ecological resources is the basis of sustainable development. Considering the heterogeneity of regional ecological resource endowment, it is necessary to conduct a targeted assessment for different regions. In this study, we selected Guizhou Province, which is rich in ecological resources, but has a fragile environment, as our study area, and cultivated land, woodland, grassland, and water resources were selected as critical evaluation indicators. Notably, we applied Kernel density analysis methods, based on the remote sensing data of 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020, to explore the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and evolution pattern of regional ecological resources. The results indicated that the evolution of ecological resource development in Guizhou could be divided into three phases: degenerative (2000–2005), recovery (2005–2015), and development (2015–2020). The spatial distribution of Guizhou’s ecological resource was shown to be heterogeneous in the north and south and more homogeneous in the middle regions. Guizhou has diverse land-use types, with obvious regional differences in land-use structure. Notably, even though the development of ecological resources in Guizhou has improved, the development and utilization degree of ecological resources is still low, and the ecological damage is serious. This study can be used as a scientific reference by policymakers and decisionmakers to develop new regulations for ecological resources protection and sustainable development in China. We suggest that different regions should adopt more detailed measures; particularly, it is important to establish a spatial governance system to promote ecological resources development in the context of local conditions.
Creating Valuable Relationships with Third-Party Logistics (3PL) Providers: A Multiple-Case Study
Authors: Darko Eric Owusu , Vlachos Ilias
Published: June 2022

Background: Logistics service outsourcing in recent years has influenced the evolution of third-party logistics (3PL) providers across the globe. The study explored the evolving services of 3PLs and relational factors that influence the relationship with their customers. Methods: Qualitative research and multiple case studies from four different industries were used. Semi-structured interviews were adopted. Results: The findings show that aside from logistics and warehousing the customer expects 3PLs to create value through more decision-making responsibilities, such as managing the customer’s relationship with 3PLs, and customised services that will make them competitive. Furthermore, the results showed that to achieve relationship performance, trust must be collaborative from the start, which increases information sharing and leads to an improved relationship performance. Conclusions: Consistent performance increases commitments from both partners. Implications, limitations and future research suggestions are provided.
Friction and Wear Properties of a Nanoscale Ionic Liquid-like GO@SiO2 Hybrid as a Water-Based Lubricant Additive
Authors: Hao Liang , Hao Wendi , Li Peipei , Liu Guangming , Li Huaying , Aljabri Abdulrahman , Xie Zhongliang
Published: June 2022

In this study, a nanoscale ionic liquid (NIL) GO@SiO2 hybrid was synthesized by attaching silica nanoparticles onto graphene oxide (GO). It was then functionalized to exhibit liquid-like behavior in the absence of solvents. The physical and chemical properties of the synthesized samples were characterized by means of a transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infra-red, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The tribological properties of the NIL GO@SiO2 hybrid as a water-based (WB) lubricant additive were investigated on a ball-on-disk tribometer. The results illustrate that the NIL GO@SiO2 hybrid demonstrates good dispersity as a WB lubricant, and can decrease both the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear loss.
A Study on the Bond–Slip Relationship of the CFRP–Steel Interface of CFRP Strengthened Steel
Authors: Guo Xinyan , Wu Zuodong , Yang Yi , Bai Jiahao , Zhou Qianziyang
Published: June 2022

The bonding interface between the CFRP and the steel plate is the weak link of CFRP-strengthened steel structures. This paper studies the bond–slip relationship of the CFRP–steel interface by experiments and numerical tests. First, a series of double-strap experiments on a CFRP-strengthened steel plate are carried out. The results show that the maximum shear stress of the bonding interface of the Q345B specimen is larger than that of the X100 specimen. The initial slip and maximum slip become larger as the thickness of the bonding interface becomes larger. Finite element analysis of the above tests is carried out; we introduce the maximum stress criterion to simulate the bonding interface, which assumes that when the nominal stress of the material reaches the maximum nominal stress of damage, the material begins to damage. The FE model established has proved very effective for analyzing the bond characteristics of CFRP-strengthened steel plates. Finally, a verification test was carried out, using an FE analysis to verify the accuracy of the modified equations; the results prove that the results of the modified equations are in good agreement with the numerical results and experiment results, which verifies the effectiveness of the equations.
Smithing Processes Based on Hammer Scale Excavated from the Third- to Fourth-Century Ancient Iron-Making Sites of the Korean Peninsula
Authors: Jung Dayeon , Kwon Heehong , Cho Namchul
Published: June 2022

The by-products of iron smelting and smithing include slag, flake hammer scale, and spheroidal hammer scale. The analysis of such iron-making by-products reveals critical information regarding the development of iron culture and the process characteristics. Using a metallographic microscope, SEM-EDS, and Raman micro-spectroscopy, we investigated the manufacturing process by examining the microstructure and determining the composition of the flake hammer scale and spheroidal hammer scale excavated from Korean Peninsula sites of iron manufacture during the Proto-Three Kingdoms Period, in the third and fourth centuries CE. Microstructure analysis confirmed that as the process progressed, the flake hammer scale’s thickness decreased owing to forging, which flattened the structure. Additionally, three layers were observed, with the surface layer identified as hematite (Fe2O3), the middle layer identified as magnetite (Fe3O4), and the inner layer identified as wüstite (FeO). The analysis of hammer scales revealed that the forging process to create iron bars required repeated working, following a refining process to remove impurities, confirming the division of labor in the smithing process. Correspondingly, the smithing process stages can be deduced from the structural shape and thickness of the hammer scale produced during the iron manufacturing process. Thus, the findings of this study are expected to be invaluable in furthering our understanding of the smithing process in detail, through future research on hammer scale.
Al2O3-Coated Si-Alloy Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition as Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Lee Kikang , Yoon Sungho , Hong Sunghoon , Kim Hyunmi , Oh Kyuhwan , Moon Jeongtak
Published: June 2022

Silicon-based anodes can increase the energy density of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their large weights and volumetric capacities. However, repeated charging and discharging can rapidly deteriorate the electrochemical properties because of a large volume change in the electrode. In this study, a commercial Fe-Si powder was coated with Al2O3 layers of different thicknesses via atomic layer deposition (ALD) to prevent the volume expansion of Si and suppress the formation of crack-induced solid electrolyte interfaces. The Al2O3 content was controlled by adjusting the trimethyl aluminum exposure time, and higher Al2O3 contents significantly improved the electrochemical properties. In 300 cycles, the capacity retention rate of a pouch full-cell containing the fabricated anodes increased from 69.8% to 72.3% and 79.1% depending on the Al2O3 content. The powder characterization and coin and pouch cell cycle evaluation results confirmed the formation of an Al2O3 layer on the powder surface. Furthermore, the expansion rate observed during the charging/discharging of the pouch cell indicated that the deposited layer suppressed the powder expansion and improved the cell stability. Thus, the performance of an LIB containing Si-alloy anodes can be improved by coating an ALD-synthesized protective Al2O3 layer.
Multicomponent Aging Al-Li-Based Alloys of the Latest Generation: Structural and Phase Transformations, Treatments, Properties, and Future Prospects
Authors: Rasposienko Dmitriy Y. , Kaigorodova Larisa I. , Pushin Vladimir G. , Ustugov Yurii M.
Published: June 2022

An overview of modern material science problems is presented for ultralightweight high-modulus commercial Al-Li-based alloys in historical retrospect. Numerous particular examples of the Soviet and Russian aviation whose various designs were made of these alloys confirm their successful innovative potential. The key regularities of multicomponent alloying are discussed for the master alloys and modern commercial Al-Li-based alloys of the latest generation; the features typical of their microstructures, phase composition, and properties formed during aging are analyzed. The main mechanisms of phase formation are generalized for standard thermal and thermomechanical treatments. Recent original achievements have been obtained in designing of unique structural and phase transformations in these commercial alloys by means of methods of severe plastic deformations followed by heat treatment and storage. Using the example of three Russian commercial alloys of last generation, the basic principles of creating and controlling an ultrafine-grained structure, the origin and growth of stable nanophases of various types and chemical composition that determine the physicomechanical properties of alloys are established.
Novel Dry Spinning Process of Natural Macromolecules for Sustainable Fiber Material -1- Proof of the Concept Using Silk Fibroin
Authors: Satoh Ryo , Morinaga Takashi , Sato Takaya
Published: June 2022

Researchers around the world are developing technologies to minimize carbon dioxide emissions or carbon neutrality in various fields. In this study, the dry spinning of regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) was achieved as a proof of concept for a process using ionic liquids as dissolution aids and plasticizers in developing natural polymeric materials. A dry spinning equipment system combining a stainless-steel syringe and a brushless motor was built to generate fiber compacts from a dope of silk fibroin obtained by degumming silkworm silk cocoons and ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride ([HMIM][Cl]) according to a general method. The maximum stress and maximum elongation of the RSF fibers were 159.9 MPa and 31.5%, respectively. RSF fibers containing ionic liquids have a homogeneous internal structure according to morphological investigations. Elemental analysis of fiber cross sections revealed the homogeneous distribution of nonvolatile ionic liquid [HMIM][Cl] in RSF fibers. Furthermore, the removal of ionic liquids from RSF fibers through impregnation washing with organic solvents was verified to enhance industrial applications. Tensile testing showed that the fiber strength could be maintained even after removing the ionic liquid. Thermogravimetric analysis results show that the organic solvent 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol is chemically coordinated to silk fibroin and, as a natural polymer, can withstand heat up to 250 °C.
Synthesis, Structure–Property Evaluation and Biological Assessment of Supramolecular Assemblies of Bioactive Glass with Glycyrrhizic Acid and Its Monoammonium Salt
Authors: Matchanov Alimjon D. , Esanov Rakhmat S. , Renkawitz Tobias , Soliev Azamjon B. , Kunisch Elke , Gonzalo de Juan Isabel , Westhauser Fabian , Tulyaganov Dilshat U.
Published: June 2022

Medical nutrients obtained from plants have been used in traditional medicine since ancient times, owning to the protective and therapeutic properties of plant extracts and products. Glycyrrhizic acid is one of those that, apart from its therapeutic effect, may contribute to stronger bones, inhibiting bone resorption and improving the bone structure and biomechanical strength. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a bioactive glass (BG) addition to the structure–property relationships of supramolecular assemblies formed by glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and its monoammonium salt (MSGA). FTIR spectra of supramolecular assemblies evidenced an interaction between BG components and hydroxyl groups of MSGA and GA. Moreover, it was revealed that BG components may interact and bond to the carboxyl groups of MSGA. In order to assess their biological effects, BG, MSGA, and their supramolecular assemblies were introduced to a culture of human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs). Both the BG and MSGA had positive influence on BMSC growth, viability, and osteogenic differentiation—these positive effects were most pronounced when BG1d-BG and MSGA were introduced together into cell culture in the form of MSGA:BG assemblies. In conclusion, MSGA:BG assemblies revealed a promising potential as a candidate material intended for application in bone defect reconstruction and bone tissue engineering approaches.
Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on the Microstructure of Laser Cladding
Authors: Shi Yongjun , Zhou Xiaoyu , Wang Xiaogang , Feng Xingteng , Peng Laida
Published: June 2022

The fast heating and quenching of laser cladding increase the internal stresses in the cladding layer. Moreover, the quick condensation of the molten pool leads to an uneven distribution of the internal elements and coarse grains of the structure. To address the above defects and increase the molding quality of laser cladding, an electromagnetic field was introduced into the laser cladding technique, and the effects of the external assisted electromagnetic field on the mixed metal fluid in the molten pool were explored. On this basis, the action of the electromagnetic field on the flow states of the molten pool was further analyzed. The results demonstrate that after introducing electromagnetic assistance, the material flow in the molten pool accelerated as a response to the periodic changes in electromagnetic forces and the influences of the electromagnetic field on crystallization, thus refining the grains and improving the grain distribution uniformity in the cladding layer. The dendritic crystals in the cladding layer decreased, while the isometric crystals and the cellular-like dendrites increased. The element distribution in the cladding layer increased in uniformity. Additionally, this method can decrease the dilution rate of the cladding layer and improve its overall hardness. A laser-cladding test of the Ni-based powder was carried out on the AISI 1045 steel surface under the coaxial powder-feeding mode. Moreover, the influences of the electromagnetic field on the microstructure of the laser-cladding layer were compared, and the causes of the changes were disclosed.
Evaluation of Implant Stability and Trephination Depth for Implant Removal—An In Vitro Study
Authors: Meir Haya , Sebaoun Alon , Raz Perry , Levartovsky Shifra , Arieli Adi , Pilo Raphel , Dor Zafar , Beitlitum Ilan
Published: June 2022

Malpositioned and broken implants are usually fully osseointegrated; hence, their removal, especially from the lower arch, can be very challenging. Implant removal techniques include reverse torque and trephination. Trephination is an invasive technique that can jeopardize vital structures, cause mandibular fatigue fractures, or lead to osteomyelitis. In this study, we aimed to assess the relationship between trephination depth and implant stability by recording implant stability quotient (ISQ) readings at varying trephination depths in vitro. Materials and methods: Forty-eight implants were inserted into dense synthetic polyurethane foam blocks as artificial bone. Primary implant stability was measured with a Penguin resonance frequency analysis (RFA) device. Implants of two designs with a diameter of 3.75 mm and a length of 13 or 8 mm were inserted. Twenty-four internal hexagon (IH) (Seven®) and twenty-four conical connection (CC) implants (C1®; MIS® Implants, Ltd., Misgav, Israel) were used. The primary implant stability was measured with the RFA device. Trephination was performed, and implant stability was recorded at depths of 0, 3, and 6 mm for the 8 mm implants and 0, 3, 6, 8, 10, and 11.5 mm for the 13 mm implants. Results: Linear regression revealed a significant relation between the trephination depth and the ISQ (F (1, 213) = 1113.192, p < 0.001, adjusted r2 = 0.839). The trephination depth significantly predicted the ISQ (β = −5.337, p < 0.001), and the ISQ decreased by −5.33 as the trephination depth increased by 1 mm. Conclusion: Implant stability reduction as measured using an RFA device during trephination may be a valuable guide to achieving safe reverse torque for implant removal. Further studies are needed to evaluate these data in clinical settings.
Preparation and Hydrophobicity of Bionic Structures Based on Composite Infiltration Model
Authors: Jiang Zhihong , Shen Minghui , Che Jiangtao , Li Hui
Published: June 2022

The wettability, surface energy, structure, and morphology of a material’s surface will affect the interaction process between the material and the organism. Moreover, these factors are not independent of each other, but will affect each other, which together determine the biological surface of the material. Although two classic theories of surface wettability control have been established, including the Wenzel model and the Cassie–Baxter model, the mechanism of the microstructure parameters on the surface wettability has not been considered. This paper established a two-dimensional mathematical model of the composite wetting pattern based on microstructure parameters, revealed the mechanism of the microstructure parameters on the surface wettability, and then used ultra-precision cutting and molding composite preparation methods to quickly and efficiently prepare bionic structures, and the hydrophobic character of the microstructure was characterized by the contact angle meter, which provides theoretical support and preparation technology for the modification of the hydrophobic character of the material.
Wiener Process Effects on the Solutions of the Fractional (2 + 1)-Dimensional Heisenberg Ferromagnetic Spin Chain Equation
Authors: Mohammed Wael W. , Al-Askar Farah M. , Cesarano Clemente , Botmart Thongchai , El-Morshedy M.
Published: June 2022

The stochastic fractional (2 + 1)-dimensional Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain equation (SFHFSCE), which is driven in the Stratonovich sense by a multiplicative Wiener process, is considered here. The analytical solutions of the SFHFSCE are attained by utilizing the Jacobi elliptic function method. Various kinds of analytical fractional stochastic solutions, for instance, the elliptic functions, are obtained. Physicists can utilize these solutions to understand a variety of important physical phenomena because magnetic solitons have been categorized as one of the interesting groups of non-linear excitations representing spin dynamics in semi-classical continuum Heisenberg systems. To study the impact of the Wiener process on these solutions, the 3D and 2D surfaces of some achieved exact fractional stochastic solutions are plotted.
Conjugate Natural Convection of a Hybrid Nanofluid in a Cavity Filled with Porous and Non-Newtonian Layers: The Impact of the Power Law Index
Authors: Omri Mohamed , Jamal Muhammad , Hussain Shafqat , Kolsi Lioua , Maatki Chemseddine
Published: June 2022

This study deals with the effect of the power law index on the convective heat transfer of hybrid nanofluids in a square cavity divided into three layers. The effect of a solid fluid layer is also given attention. A two-dimensional system of partial differential equations is discretized by using the generalized finite element method (FEM). A FEM having cubic polynomials (P3) is employed to approximate the temperature and velocity components, whereas the pressure is approached using quadratic finite element functions. The discretized set of equations have been solved using Newton’s method. The numerical code which is used in this study has been validated by comparing with experimental findings. Mathematical simulations are performed for different sets of parameters, including the Rayleigh number (between 103 and 106), the power law index (between 0.6 to 1.8), Darcy number (between 10−6 to 10−2), undulation (between 1 and 5) and the thermal conductivity ratio (between 0.1 and 10). The results infer that a remarkable penetration of streamlines is figured out towards the porous hybrid layer as the power law index is increased. The average Nu increases with increasing Ra, and the maximum value is noted at Ra=106. There is no much alteration observed for isotherms at the solid layer by increasing Da. The average Nu decreases by increasing the undulations. The rate of heat transfer is enhanced at the heated boundary and solid fluid interface of the cavity by raising the ratio of thermal conductivity.
Reminisce: Blockchain Private Key Generation and Recovery Using Distinctive Pictures-Based Personal Memory
Authors: Seo Jungwon , Ko Deokyoon , Kim Suntae , Sugumaran Vijayan , Park Sooyong
Published: June 2022

As a future game-changer in various industries, cryptocurrency is attracting people’s attention. Cryptocurrency is issued on blockchain and managed through a blockchain wallet application. The blockchain wallet manages user’s digital assets and authenticates a blockchain user by checking the possession of a user’s private key. The mnemonic code technique represents the most widely used method of generating and recovering a private key in blockchain wallet applications. However, the mnemonic code technique does not consider usability to generate and recover a user’s private key. In this study, we propose a novel approach for private key generation and recovery. Our approach is based on the idea that a user can hold long-term memory from distinctive pictures. The user can generate a private key by providing pictures and the location of the pictures. For recovering a private key, the user identifies the locations of the pictures that are used in the private key generation process. In this paper, we experiment with the security and usability of our approach and confirm that our proposed approach is sufficiently secure compared to the mnemonic code technique and accounts for usability.
The Dual Characterization of Structured and Skewed Structured Singular Values
Authors: Rehman Mutti-Ur , Alzabut Jehad , Ateeq Taqwa , Kongson Jutarat , Sudsutad Weerawat
Published: June 2022

The structured singular values and skewed structured singular values are the well-known mathematical quantities and bridge the gap between linear algebra and system theory. It is well-known fact that an exact computation of these quantities is NP-hard. The NP-hard nature of structured singular values and skewed structured singular values allow us to provide an estimations of lower and upper bounds which guarantee the stability and instability of feedback systems in control. In this paper, we present new results on the dual characterization of structured singular values and skewed structured singular values. The results on the estimation of upper bounds for these two quantities are also computed.
Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Sulfated Polysaccharides Isolated from Codium fragile In Vitro in RAW 264.7 Macrophages and In Vivo in Zebrafish
Authors: Wang Lei , Je Jun-Geon , Huang Caoxing , Oh Jae-Young , Fu Xiaoting , Wang Kaiqiang , Ahn Ginnae , Xu Jiachao , Gao Xin , Jeon You-Jin
Published: June 2022

In this study, the anti-inflammatory activity of sulfated polysaccharides isolated from the green seaweed Codium fragile (CFCE-PS) was investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and zebrafish. The results demonstrated that CFCE-PS significantly increased the viability of LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. CFCE-PS remarkably and concentration-dependently reduced the levels of inflammatory molecules including prostaglandin E2, nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, in vivo test results indicated that CFCE-PS effectively reduced reactive oxygen species, cell death, and NO levels in LPS-stimulated zebrafish. Thus, these results indicate that CFCE-PS possesses in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities and suggest it is a potential ingredient in the functional food and pharmaceutical industries.
Assessment of Processes to Increase the Useful Life and the Reuse of Reverse Osmosis Elements in Cape Verde and Macaronesia
Authors: Tavares Tomás , Tavares Jorge , León-Zerpa Federico A. , Peñate-Suárez Baltasar , Ramos-Martín Alejandro
Published: June 2022

Reverse osmosis membranes could be reused in the same or another desalination plant by replacing the membranes in the dirtiest first positions with those in the least damaged last positions, also changing the best first stage membranes to the second and vice versa. The useful life of these membranes could be extended by chemical cleaning and giving them a second life in tertiary treatment plants, as well as reusing them in industrial processes where special reverse osmosis membranes are used and degrade rapidly, in processes with leachates from landfill waste, and also an interesting option is the oxidation of reverse osmosis elements to obtain nanofiltration, ultrafiltration or microfiltration membranes for the elimination of physical dirt. The main categories of recycling by thermal processing commonly used in the industry include incineration and pyrolysis to produce energy, gas and fuel. These processes can be applied to mixed plastic waste, such as the combination of materials used in the manufacture of reverse osmosis membranes. Recycling of reverse osmosis elements from desalination plants is shown to be an opportunity, and pioneering initiatives are already underway in Europe. Energy recovery via incineration is feasible but is not considered in line with the environmental, social and political problems it may generate. However, the recycling of reverse osmosis elements via the pyrolytic industry for fuel production can be centralized in a new industry already planned in the Macaronesia area, and all obsolete osmosis membranes can be sent there. This is a technically and economically viable business opportunity with a promising future in today’s recycling market, as discussed in the article.
Sensitivity of Material, Microstructure and Operational Parameters on the Performance of Asymmetric Oxygen Transport Membranes: Guidance from Modeling
Authors: Wilkner Kai , Mücke Robert , Baumann Stefan , Meulenberg Wilhelm Albert , Guillon Olivier
Published: June 2022

Oxygen transport membranes can enable a wide range of efficient energy and industrial applications. One goal of development is to maximize the performance by the improvement of the material, microstructural properties and operational conditions. However, the complexity of the transportation processes taking place in such commonly asymmetric membranes impedes the identification of the parameters to improve them. In this work, we present a sensitivity study that allows identification of these parameters. It is based on a 1D transport model that includes surface exchange, ionic and electronic transport inside the dense membrane, as well as binary diffusion, Knudsen diffusion and viscous flux inside the porous support. A support limitation factor is defined and its dependency on the membrane conductivity is shown. For materials with very high ambipolar conductivity the transport is limited by the porous support (in particular the pore tortuosity), whereas for materials with low ambipolar conductivity the transport is limited by the dense membrane. Moreover, the influence of total pressure and related oxygen partial pressures in the gas phase at the membrane’s surfaces was revealed to be significant, which has been neglected so far in permeation test setups reported in the literature. In addition, the accuracy of each parameter’s experimental determination is discussed. The model is well-suited to guiding experimentalists in developing high-performance gas separation membranes.
Research on the Bending Fatigue Property of Quenched Crankshaft Based on the Multi-Physics Coupling Numerical Simulation Approaches and the KBM Model
Authors: Sun Songsong , Gong Xiaolin , Xu Xiaomei
Published: June 2022

In modern engineering, electromagnetic induction quenching is usually adopted in improving the fatigue performance of steel engine parts such as crankshafts. In order to provide the theoretical basis for the design of the process, correct evaluation of the strengthening effect of this technique is necessary. In this paper, the research aim is the strengthening effect of this technique on a given type of steel crankshaft. First the magnetic-thermal coupling process was simulated by a 3D finite element model to obtain information on the temperature field during the heating and cooling stages. Then the residual stress field after cooling was simulated based on the same model. At last, the fatigue property of this crankshaft was predicted based on the combination of three parameters: the KBM (Kandil–Brown–Miller) multi-axial fatigue model, the residual stress field and the fatigue strength of the material. The experimental results showed that this method can achieve a much more reasonable prediction than the traditional strengthening factor, and thus can be applied in guiding the design of the quenching process.
Poisonous Plants of the Indian Himalaya: An Overview
Authors: Jamloki Abhishek , Trivedi Vijay Laxmi , Nautiyal M. C. , Semwal Prabhakar , Cruz-Martins Natália
Published: June 2022

Indian Himalayan region (IHR) supports a wide diversity of plants and most of them are known for their medicinal value. Humankind has been using medicinal plants since the inception of civilization. Various types of bioactive compounds are found in plants, which are directly and indirectly beneficial for plants as well as humans. These bioactive compounds are highly useful and being used as a strong source of medicines, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, food additives, fragrances, and flavoring agents. Apart from this, several plant species contain some toxic compounds that affect the health of many forms of life as well as cause their death. These plants are known as poisonous plants, because of their toxicity to both humans and animals. Therefore, it is necessary to know in what quantity they should be taken so that it does not have a negative impact on health. Recent studies on poisonous plants have raised awareness among people who are at risk of plant toxicity in different parts of the world. The main aim of this review article is to explore the current knowledge about the poisonous plants of the Indian Himalayas along with the importance of these poisonous plants to treat different ailments. The findings of the present review will be helpful to different pharmaceutical industries, the scientific community and researchers around the world.
Squalamine and Its Aminosterol Derivatives: Overview of Biological Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Compounds with Multiple Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Mammari Nour , Salles Elsa , Beaussart Audrey , El-Kirat-Chatel Sofiane , Varbanov Mihayl
Published: June 2022

Squalamine is a natural aminosterol that has been discovered in the tissues of the dogfish shark (Squalus acanthias). Studies have previously demonstrated that this promoter compound and its derivatives exhibit potent bactericidal activity against Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria, and multidrug-resistant bacteria. The antibacterial activity of squalamine was found to correlate with that of other antibiotics, such as colistin and polymyxins. Still, in the field of microbiology, evidence has shown that squalamine and its derivatives have antifungal activity, antiprotozoa effect against a limited list of protozoa, and could exhibit antiviral activity against both RNA- and DNA-enveloped viruses. Furthermore, squalamine and its derivatives have been identified as being antiangiogenic compounds in the case of several types of cancers and induce a potential positive effect in the case of other diseases such as experimental retinopathy and Parkinson’s disease. Given the diverse effects of the squalamine and its derivatives, in this review we provide the different advances in our understanding of the various effects of these promising molecules and try to draw up a non-exhaustive list of the different mechanisms of actions of squalamine and its derivatives on the human organism and on different pathogens.
An Efficient and Economical Combination of Exploration Methods for Pb-Zn Polymetallic Skarn Deposits: A Case Study of the Periphery of Hetaoping Deposit, Yunnan Province, China
Authors: He Jingzi , Ge Tengfei , Tan Hongjie , Huang Xuzhao , Xiong Shengqing , Fan Zhengguo , Dai Dalong
Published: June 2022

The Hetaoping ore district in Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, is one of the major localities of Pb-Zn polymetallic skarn deposits in China, where geophysical and geochemical surveys play an important role in exploring Pb-Zn polymetallic mineral resources. Based on the exploration and prospecting carried out at the periphery of the Hetaoping Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit, this study proposed an aero-ground joint exploration method to determine the metallogenic model of distal skarns in the Hetaoping ore district, achieving ideal prospecting results. The steps of this method are as follows. First, the locations of ore-induced anomalies were determined using high-amplitude aeromagnetic anomalies. Then, the ore-induced anomalies were determined to be anomalies of Pb-Zn polymetallic deposits through geochemical surveys of soil samples and ground geophysical surveys. Based on these data, a quantitative analysis and metallogenic potential assessment of ore bodies and their surrounding rocks were conducted using the interactive 2.5D magnetic inversion. In addition, the 3D inversion of regional gravity data was also performed in order to determine the spatial location of the deep magma chamber. Accordingly, the metallogenic geological process in this area was analyzed by determining the spatial morphology of the deep magma chamber, and a prospecting model of the Pb-Zn polymetallic deposits was finally built. The results show that the aero-ground joint exploration method, which first conducts a rapid scanning survey using the aeromagnetic method and then locates, distinguishes, and assesses significant aeromagnetic anomalies by combining comprehensive verification means such as ground geophysical, geochemical, and geological surveys, is efficient and economical. This study will guide regional metallogenic research and the exploration and prospecting of Pb-Zn polymetallic deposits.
Development of a Novel Class of Pyridazinone Derivatives as Selective MAO-B Inhibitors
Authors: Alagöz Mehmet Abdullah , Oh Jong Min , Zenni Yaren Nur , Özdemir Zeynep , Abdelgawad Mohamed A. , Naguib Ibrahim A. , Ghoneim Mohammed M. , Gambacorta Nicola , Nicolotti Orazio , Kim Hoon , Mathew Bijo
Published: June 2022

Sixteen compounds (TR1–TR16) were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activities against monoamine oxidase A and B (MAOs). Most of the derivatives showed potent and highly selective MAO-B inhibition. Compound TR16 was the most potent inhibitor against MAO-B with an IC50 value of 0.17 μM, followed by TR2 (IC50 = 0.27 μM). TR2 and TR16 selectivity index (SI) values for MAO-B versus MAO-A were 84.96 and higher than 235.29, respectively. Compared to the basic structures, the para-chloro substituent in TR2 and TR16 increased the inhibitory activity of MAO-B. TR2 and TR16 were reversible MAO-B inhibitors that were competitive, with Ki values of 0.230 ± 0.004 and 0.149 ± 0.016 µM, respectively. The PAMPA method indicated that compounds TR2 and TR16 had the tendency to traverse the blood–brain barrier. Docking investigations revealed that lead compounds were beneficial for MAO-B inhibition via association with key as well as selective E84 or Y326 residues, but not for MAO-A inhibition via interaction primarily driven by hydrophobic contacts. In conclusion, TR2 and TR16 are therapeutic prospects for the management of multiple neurodegenerative diseases.
Induction of DR5-Dependent Apoptosis by PGA2 through ATF4-CHOP Pathway
Authors: Park Kyeong-Min , Park Ji-Young , Pyo Jaehyuk , Lee Sun-Young , Kim Ho-Shik
Published: June 2022

Prostaglandin (PG) A2, a cyclopentenone PG, induced apoptosis in both HCT116 and HCT116 p53 −/− cells. Although PGA2-induced apoptosis in HCT116 cells was dependent on the p53-DR5 pathway, the mechanism underlying PGA2-induced apoptosis in HCT116 p53 −/− cells remains unknown. In this study, we observed that PGA2 caused an increase of mRNA expression of DR5 and protein expression even in HCT116 p53 −/− cells, accompanied by caspase-dependent apoptosis. Knockdown of DR5 expression by RNA interference inhibited PGA2-induced apoptosis in HCT116 p53 −/− cells. Parallel to the induction of apoptosis, PGA2 treatment upregulated expression of genes upstream of DR5 such as ATF4 and CHOP. Knockdown of CHOP prevented DR5-dependent cell death as well as the expression of DR5 protein. Furthermore, knockdown of ATF4 by RNA interference decreased both mRNA and protein levels of CHOP and DR5, thereby suppressing PGA2-induced cell death. Consistently, the DR5 promoter activity increased by PGA2 was not stimulated when the CHOP binding site in the DR5 promoter was mutated. These results collectively suggest that PGA2 may induce DR5-dependent apoptosis via the ATF4-CHOP pathway in HCT116 p53 null cells.
CsPb(Br/Cl)3 Perovskite Nanocrystals with Bright Blue Emission Synergistically Modified by Calcium Halide and Ammonium Ion
Authors: Zhang Weizhuo , Li Xin , Peng Chencheng , Yang Fei , Lian Linyuan , Guo Runda , Zhang Jianbing , Wang Lei
Published: June 2022

Colloidal cesium lead halide (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, and I) perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) demonstrate supreme optical properties in the spectra region of infrared, red, and green. High-performance blue-emitting counterparts are still eagerly required for next-generation full-color displays. However, it is challenging to obtain efficient blue perovskite NCs, especially in a deep blue region with an emission wavelength of around 460 nm or shorter. Herein, calcium halide and ammonium ions are applied simultaneously to modify the CsPb(Br/Cl)3 NCs in situ to reduce surface defects, finally remarkably enhancing the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) from 13% to 93% with an emission peak at 455 nm and the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates at (0.147, 0.030), which is close to the requirement of the Rec.2020 standard and also meets the requirement of blue emission in DCI-P3. Bright white emission and a wide color gamut are also achieved by combining the commercial red-emitting and green-emitting phosphors. The combination of time-resolved PL spectra and femtosecond transient absorption results discloses the reason for PLQY improvement as suppressing the nonradiative recombination.
Tuning Multicolor Emission of Manganese-Activated Gallogermanate Nanophosphors by Regulating Mn Ions Occupying Sites for Multiple Anti-Counterfeiting Application
Authors: Gao Dangli , Wang Peng , Gao Feng , Nguyen William , Chen Wei
Published: June 2022

The ability to manipulate the luminescent color, intensity and long lifetime of nanophosphors is important for anti-counterfeiting applications. Unfortunately, persistent luminescence materials with multimode luminescent features have rarely been reported, even though they are expected to be highly desirable in sophisticated anti-counterfeiting. Here, the luminescence properties of Zn3Ga2GeO8:Mn phosphors were tuned by using different preparation approaches, including a hydrothermal method and solid-state reaction approach combining with non-equivalent ion doping strategy. As a result, Mn-activated Zn3Ga2GeO8 phosphors synthesized by a hydrothermal method demonstrate an enhanced red photoluminescence at 701 nm and a strong green luminescence with persistent luminescence and photostimulated luminescence at 540 nm. While Mn-activated Zn3Ga2GeO8 phosphors synthesized by solid-state reactions combined with a hetero-valent doping approach only exhibit an enhanced single-band red emission. Keeping the synthetic method unchanged, the substitution of hetero-valent dopant ion Li+ into different sites is valid for spectral fine-tuning. A spectral tuning mechanism is also proposed. Mn-activated Zn3Ga2GeO8 phosphors synthesized by a hydrothermal approach with multimodal luminescence is especially suitable for multiple anti-counterfeiting, multicolor display and other potential applications.