bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parameter Estimation of Flexible One-Link Manipulator Using B-Spline Approximations
Authors: Kojima Fumio
Published: March 2021

A finite approximation strategy is considered for parameter estimation of flexible one-link manipulator using B-spline approximations. A variational formulation of an Euler-Bernoulli system model is presented for a one-link flexible robot arm with a tip mass at its free end. Approximation schemes employing cubic B-splines are developed for the computational model. The experimental apparatus is constructed from a single cantilevered beam attached to the DC servo motor. The joint angle are measured by built-in optical encoder in the motor and the vibration at the free end can be measured by accelerometer attached to the flexible arm. Parameter estimation problems are solved with experimental data and summaries of numerical studies are reported.
Incorporation of Joint Flexibility With Link Flexibility: Dynamic Modeling and Analysis
Authors: Li Degao , Zu Jean W. , Goldenberg Andrew A.
Published: March 2021

Flexible robots with both link flexibility and joint flexibility have received increasing attention recently. In modeling the flexible robots with the assumed mode method, the model accuracy is highly dependent on the mode shapes of the link deflection. For flexible-link, flexible-joint robots, conventionally used clamped-free or pinned-free modes may cause large errors. To address this problem, this paper presents a systematic approach to dynamic modeling and mode analysis of a single-link flexible robot, which has a flexible joint and a hub at the base end and a payload at the free end. Accurate modes of the system are obtained. The following important conclusions are obtained: (1) Even a small joint flexibility can significantly affect the system frequencies; (2) The fundamental frequency is sensitive to the change in the payload and is not sensitive to the change in the hub inertia.
Upconversion Nanoparticles Decorated with Polysialic Acid for Solid Tumors Visualization In Vivo
Authors: Demina P. A. , Sholina N. V. , Akasov R. A. , Khochenkov D. A. , Nechaev A. V. , Balalaeva I. V. , Khaydukov E. V. , Generalova A. N. , Deev S. M.
Published: March 2021

Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are a promising nanoplatform for bioreagent formation for in vivo imaging, which emit UV and blue light under the action of near-infrared radiation, providing deep tissue penetration and maintaining a high signal-to-noise ratio. In the case of solid tumor visualization, the UCNP surface functionalization is required to ensure a long circulation time, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity. The effective UCNP accumulation in the solid tumors is determined by the disturbed architecture of the vascular network and lymphatic drainage. This work demonstrates an approach to the UCNP biofunctionalization with endogenous polysialic acid for in vivo bioreagent formation. Bioreagents possess a low level of nonspecific protein adsorption and macrophage uptake, which allow the prolongation of the circulation time in the bloodstream up to 3 h. This leads to an intense photoluminescent signal in the tumor.
The Map of Need: identifying and predicting the spatial distribution of financial hardship in Scotland’s veteran community
Authors: Kiernan Matthew D , Rodrigues M , Mann E , Stretesky P , Defeyter M A
Published: March 2021

Introduction

During military service, many household costs for both married and single service personnel are subsidised, and transition can leave veterans unprepared for the financial demands of civilian life. Armed Forces organisations such as Sailor, Soldier, Air Force Association (SSAFA) play a central role in understanding the financial challenges that UK veterans face and provide an insight into the financial hardship experienced by veterans. The aim of this study was to use SSAFA beneficiary data as a proxy to identify the nature of financial benefit, the spatial distribution of financial hardship in the Scottish SSAFA beneficiary community and explore factors that might predict where those recipients are located.

Methods

Using an anonymised data set of Scottish SSAFA financial beneficiaries between 2014 and 2019, this study used a geographical methodology to identify the geospatial distribution of SSAFA benefit recipients and exploratory regression analysis to explore factors to explain where SSAFA beneficiaries are located.

Results

Over half of benefit applicants (n=10 735) were concentrated in only 50 postcode districts, showing evidence of a clustered pattern, and modelling demonstrates association with area-level deprivation. The findings highlight strong association between older injured veterans and need for SSAFA beneficiary assistance.

Conclusion

The findings demonstrate that beneficiaries were statistically clustered into areas of high deprivation, experiencing similar challenges to that of the wider population in these areas. Military service injury or disability was strongly associated with areas of high SSAFA benefit use and in those areas high unemployment was also a significant factor to consider.
Relationship between heavy metal exposure and type 2 diabetes: a large-scale retrospective cohort study using occupational health examinations
Authors: Ji Jun Ho , Jin Mi Hyeon , Kang Jung-Hun , Lee Soon Il , Lee Suee , Kim Sung-Hyun , Oh Sung Yong
Published: March 2021

Objectives

To investigate the associations between heavy metal exposure and serum ferritin levels, physical measurements and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Design

A retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Changwon, the location of this study, is a Korean representative industrial city. Data were obtained from medical check-ups between 2002 and 2018.

Participants

A total of 34 814 male subjects were included. Of them, 1035 subjects with lead exposure, 200 subjects with cadmium exposure and the 33 579 remaining were assigned to cohort A, cohort B and the control cohort, respectively. Data including personal history of alcohol and smoking, age, height, weight, the follow-up duration, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), ferritin levels, and lead and cadmium levels within 1 year after exposure were collected.

Primary outcome measure

In subjects without diabetes, changes in FBS and HbA1c were analysed through repeated tests at intervals of 1 year or longer after the occupational exposure to heavy metals.

Results

In Cohort A, DM was diagnosed in 33 subjects. There was a significant difference in lead concentrations between the subjects diagnosed with DM and those without DM during the follow-up period (3.94±2.92 mg/dL vs 2.81±2.03 mg/dL, p=0.002). Simple exposure to heavy metals (lead and cadmium) was not associated with DM in Cox regression models (lead exposure (HR) 1.01, 95% CI: 0.58 to 1.77, p 0.971; cadmium exposure HR 1.48, 95% CI: 0.61 to 3.55, p=0.385). Annual changes in FBS according to lead concentration at the beginning of exposure showed a positive correlation (r=0.072, p=0.032).

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrated that simple occupational exposure to heavy metals lead and cadmium was not associated with the incidence of DM. However, lead concentrations at the beginning of the exposure might be an indicator of DM and glucose elevations.
Measurement and prognosis of frail patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Zhe , Dawson Emily , Moodie Jessica , Martin Janet , Bagur Rodrigo , Cheng Davy , Kiaii Bob , Hashi Adam , Bi Ran , Yeschin Michelle , John-Baptiste Ava
Published: March 2021

Objectives

Our objectives were to review the literature to identify frailty instruments in use for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) recipients and synthesise prognostic data from these studies, in order to inform clinical management of frail patients undergoing TAVI.

Methods

We systematically reviewed the literature published in 2006 or later. We included studies of patients with aortic stenosis, diagnosed as frail, who underwent a TAVI procedure that reported mortality or clinical outcomes. We categorised the frailty instruments and reported on the prevalence of frailty in each study. We summarised the frequency of clinical outcomes and pooled outcomes from multiple studies. We explored heterogeneity and performed subgroup analysis, where possible. We also used Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) to assess the overall certainty of the estimates.

Results

Of 49 included studies, 21 used single-dimension measures to assess frailty, 3 used administrative data-based measures, and 25 used multidimensional measures. Prevalence of frailty ranged from 5.67% to 90.07%. Albumin was the most commonly used single-dimension frailty measure and the Fried or modified Fried phenotype were the most commonly used multidimensional measures. Meta-analyses of studies that used either the Fried or modified Fried phenotype showed a 30-day mortality of 7.86% (95% CI 5.20% to 11.70%) and a 1-year mortality of 26.91% (95% CI 21.50% to 33.11%). The GRADE system suggests very low certainty of the respective estimates.

Conclusions

Frailty instruments varied across studies, leading to a wide range of frailty prevalence estimates for TAVI recipients and substantial heterogeneity. The results provide clinicians, patients and healthcare administrators, with potentially useful information on the prognosis of frail patients undergoing TAVI. This review highlights the need for standardisation of frailty measurement to promote consistency.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42018090597.
Cross-sectional study to measure household water insecurity and its health outcomes in urban Mexico
Authors: Jepson Wendy E , Stoler Justin , Baek Juha , Morán Martínez Javier , Uribe Salas Felipe Javier , Carrillo Genny
Published: March 2021

Objective

To assess the links between structural and household determinants of household water insecurity and test three water insecurity measures against self-reported diarrhoea, dengue fever and perceived stress in the middle-income and low-income urban areas of Torreón, Mexico.

Design

Cross-sectional household survey conducted in two waves (rainy and dry seasons).

Participants

500 households selected via multistage cluster sample in selected communities. Socioeconomic status determined the selection of participant neighbourhoods; five were identified in low socioeconomic status neighbourhoods and five in low-medium socioeconomic status neighbourhoods. We examine how the context of urban water provision is related to a new cross-culturally valid Household Water Insecurity Experiences (HWISE) Scale.

Primary outcome measures

The HWISE Scale, self-reported diarrhoea, dengue fever and the Perceived Stress Scale.

Results

Water system intermittency (adjusted OR (AOR) 3.96, 95% CI 2.40 to 6.54, p<0.001), unpredictability (AOR 2.24, 95% CI 1.34 to 3.74, p=0.002) and the dry season (AOR 3.47, 95% CI 2.18 to 5.52, p<0.001) were structural correlates of the HWISE Scale. This study also found that the HWISE Scale was associated with two health outcomes, self-reported diarrhoea (AOR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.15, p=0.002) and perceived stress (β=0.28, SE=0.07,t=4.30, p<0.001), but not self-reported dengue fever (AOR 1.02, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.06). A 3-item hygiene subscore and a 3-item water worry subscore were also both positively associated with self-reported diarrhoea and perceived stress.

Conclusion

Short-form screeners of water insecurity may be useful for assessing certain health risks by lay survey workers in settings with limited healthcare resources, particularly in lieu of more expensive microbiological tests that require specialised training and facilities.
MIS-TLIF versus O-TLIF for single-level degenerative stenosis: study protocol for randomised controlled trial
Authors: Leonova Olga N , Cherepanov Evgeny A , Krutko Aleksandr V
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Patients with symptomatic single-level combination of degenerative stenosis and low-grade spondylolisthesis are often treated by nerve root decompression and spinal fusion. The gold standard is traditional open decompression and fusion, but minimally invasive method is more and more prevailing. However, there is lack of high-quality studies comparing these two techniques in order to obtain the advantages and certain indications to use one of these methods. The current study includes clinical, safety and radiological endpoints to determine the effectiveness of minimally invasive decompression and fusion (MIS-TLIF) over the traditional open one (O-TLIF).

Methods and analysis

All patients aged 40–75 years with neurogenic claudication or bilateral radiculopathy caused by single-level combination of degenerative stenosis and low-grade spondylolisthesis, confirmed by MRI with these symptoms persisting for at least 3 months prior to surgery, are eligible. Patients will be randomised into MIS-TLIF or traditional O-TLIF. The primary outcome measure is Oswestry Disability Index at 3-month follow-up term. The secondary outcomes are patient-reported outcome measures by the number of clinical scales, radiological parameters including sagittal balance parameters, safety endpoints and cost-effectiveness of each method. All patients will be analysed preoperatively, as well as on the 14th day of hospital stay (or on the day of hospital discharge), 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months postoperatively. The study has the design of a parallel group to demonstrate the non-inferior clinical results of MIS-TLIF compared with the traditional O-TLIF.

Ethics and dissemination

The study will be performed according to Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethical Committee of Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics in August 2020. Preliminary and final results will be presented in peer-reviewed journals, especially orthopaedic and spine surgery journals, at national and international congresses.

Trial registration number

NCT04594980.
Predictors of frailty among Chinese community-dwelling older adults with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Kong Linglin , Zhao Huimin , Fan Junyao , Wang Quan , Li Jie , Bai Jinbing , Mao Jing
Published: March 2021

Objectives

To assess the prevalence of frailty and identify predictors of frailty among Chinese community-dwelling older adults with type 2 diabetes.

Design

A cross-sectional design.

Setting

Two community health centres in central China.

Participants

291 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years with type 2 diabetes.

Main outcome measures

Data were collected via face-to-face interviews, anthropometric measurements, laboratory tests and community health files. The main outcome measure was frailty, as assessed by the frailty phenotype criteria. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the predictors of frailty.

Results

The prevalence of prefrailty and frailty were 51.5% and 19.2%, respectively. The significant predictors of frailty included alcohol drinking (ex-drinker) (OR 4.461, 95% CI 1.079 to 18.438), glycated haemoglobin (OR 1.434, 95% CI 1.045 to 1.968), nutritional status (malnutrition risk/malnutrition) (OR 8.062, 95% CI 2.470 to 26.317), depressive symptoms (OR 1.438, 95% CI 1.166 to 1.773) and exercise behaviour (OR 0.796, 95% CI 0.716 to 0.884).

Conclusions

A high prevalence of frailty was found among older adults with type 2 diabetes in the Chinese community. Frailty identification and multifaceted interventions should be developed for this population, taking into consideration proper glycaemic control, nutritional instruction, depressive symptoms improvement and enhancement of self-care behaviours.
Improving the quality of child-care centres through supportive assessment and ‘communities of practice’ in informal settlements in Nairobi: protocol of a feasibility study
Authors: Nampijja Margaret , Okelo Kenneth , Wekulo Patricia Kitsao , Kimani-Murage Elizabeth W , Elsey Helen
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Investing in children during the critical period between birth and age 5 years can have long-lasting benefits throughout their life. Children in Kenya’s urban informal settlements, face significant challenges to healthy development, particularly when their families need to earn a daily wage and cannot care for them during the day. In response, informal and poor quality child-care centres with untrained caregivers have proliferated. We aim to co-design and test the feasibility of a supportive assessment and skills-building for child-care centre providers.

Methods and analysis

A sequential mixed-methods approach will be used. We will map and profile child-care centres in two informal settlements in Nairobi, and complete a brief quality assessment of 50 child-care centres. We will test the feasibility of a supportive assessment skills-building system on 40 child-care centres, beginning with assessing centre-caregivers’ knowledge and skills in these centres. This will inform the subsequent co-design process and provide baseline data. Following a policy review, we will use experience-based co-design to develop the supportive assessment process. This will include qualitative interviews with policymakers (n=15), focus groups with parents (n=4 focus group discussions (FGDs)), child-care providers (n=4 FGDs) and joint workshops. To assess feasibility and acceptability, we will observe, record and cost implementation for 6 months. The knowledge/skills questionnaire will be repeated at the end of implementation and results will inform the purposive selection of 10 child-care providers and parents for qualitative interviews. Descriptive statistics and thematic framework approach will respectively be used to analyse quantitative and qualitative data and identify drivers of feasibility.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been approved by Amref Health Africa’s Ethics and Scientific Review Committee (Ref: P7802020 on 20thApril 2020) and the University of York (Ref: HSRGC 20thMarch 2020). Findings will be published and continual engagement with decision-makers will embed findings into child-care policy and practice.
Serological surveillance of noroviruses in a community-based prospective cohort: a study protocol
Authors: Wang Lu , Xie Dongjie , Yu Jingrong , Koroma Mark Momoh , Qiu Mengsi , Duan Wentao , Zhang Xu-Fu , Dai Ying-Chun
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Noroviruses are the leading cause of viral acute gastroenteritis affecting all age groups. Since 2014, the previous rarely reported GII.P17-GII.17 and recombinant GII.P16-GII.2 norovirus emerged, replacing GII.4 predominant genotype, causing increased outbreaks in China and other countries. Meanwhile, GII.4/2012 Sydney strain has re-emerged as the dominant variant in many places in 2015–2018. The role of herd immunity as the driving force during these new emerging or re-emerging noroviruses is poorly defined. Serological surveillance studies on community-based prospective cohort on norovirus are highly needed.

Methods and analyses

This study will include 1000 out of 9798 participants aged 18 years and above from Caofeidian district, Tangshan city, northern China. Baseline data on sociodemographic characteristics and blood samples were collected in 2013–2014. Blood collection will be replicated annually throughout the cohort until 2023. Saliva samples were also collected in 2016. The seroprevalence and seroincidence of blockade antibodies against norovirus genotypes of GII.P17-GII.17, GII.P16-GII.2, the re-emerged GII.4/2012 and potential novel pandemic variants will be evaluated by ELISA. Associations between genotype blockade antibodies and sociodemographic factors and human histo-blood group antigens will be evaluated using univariate and multivariate analysis. The dynamics of herd immunity duration will be estimated in this longitudinal surveillance.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been approved by the Ethical Committees of the Staff Hospital of Jidong oil-field of China National Petroleum Corporation. This study will provide insight into the seroprevalence and seroincidence of noroviruses, and their relationships with sociodemographic characteristics and genetic susceptibility. It will also explain herd immunity of the emerged and re-emerged genotypes or variants. The study will further enable an understanding of the mechanism driving the replacement of norovirus genotypes. Research findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and at scientific meetings.
Increasing use of CT requested by emergency department physicians in tertiary hospitals in Western Australia 2003–2015: an analysis of linked administrative data
Authors: Maxwell Susannah , Ha Ninh Thi , Bulsara Max K , Doust Jenny , Mcrobbie Donald , O’Leary Peter , Slavotinek John , Moorin Rachael
Published: March 2021

Objective

This study aimed to examine trends in number of CT scans requested by tertiary emergency department (ED) physicians in Western Australia (WA) from 2003 to 2015 across broad demographic and presentation characteristics, anatomical areas and presented symptoms.

Design

An observational cross-sectional study over study period from 2003 to 2015.

Setting

Linked administrative health service data at individual level from WA.

Participants

A total of 1 666 884 tertiary hospital ED presentations of people aged 18 years or older were included in this study

Main outcome measure

Number of CT scans requested by tertiary ED physicians in an ED presentation.

Methods

Poisson regression models were used to assess variation and trends in number of CT scans requested by ED physicians across demographic characteristics, clinical presentation characteristics and anatomical areas.

Results

Over the entire study duration, 71 per 1000 ED episodes had a CT requested by tertiary ED physicians. Between 2003 and 2015, the rate of CT scanning almost doubled from 58 to 105 per 1000 ED presentations. After adjusted for all observed characteristics, the rate of CT scans showed a downward trend from 2009 to 2011 and subsequent increase. Males, older individuals, those attending ED as a result of pain, those with neurological symptoms or injury or with higher priority triage code were the most likely to have CT requested by tertiary ED physicians.

Conclusions

Noticeable changes in the number of CTs requested by tertiary ED physicians corresponded to the time frame of major health reforms happening within WA and nationally.
Strategies for developing and implementing a rheumatoid arthritis healthcare quality framework: a thematic analysis of perspectives from arthritis stakeholders
Authors: Barber Claire , Lacaille Diane , Hall Marc , Bohm Victoria , Li Linda C , Barnabe Cheryl , Rankin James , Hazlewood Glen , Marshall Deborah A , Macmullan Paul , Mosher Dianne , Homik Joanne , English Kelly , Tsui Karen , Then Karen L
Published: March 2021

Objectives

To obtain stakeholder perspectives to inform the development and implementation of a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) healthcare quality measurement framework.

Design

Qualitative study using thematic analysis of focus groups and interviews.

Setting

Arthritis stakeholders from across Canada including healthcare providers, persons living with RA, clinic managers and policy leaders were recruited for the focus groups and interviews.

Participants

Fifty-four stakeholders from nine provinces.

Interventions

Qualitative researchers led each focus group/interview using a semistructured guide; the digitally recorded data were transcribed verbatim. Two teams of two coders independently analysed the transcripts using thematic analysis.

Results

Perspectives on the use of different types of measurement frameworks in healthcare were obtained. In particular, stakeholders advocated for the use of existing healthcare frameworks over frameworks developed in the business world and adapted for healthcare. Persons living with RA were less familiar with specific measurement frameworks, however, they had used existing online public forums for rating their experience and quality of healthcare provided. They viewed a standardised framework as potentially useful for assisting with monitoring the care provided to them individually. Nine guiding principles for framework development and 13 measurement themes were identified. Perceived barriers identified included access to data and concerns about how measures in the framework were developed and used. Effective approaches to framework implementation included having sound knowledge translation strategies and involving stakeholders throughout the measurement development and reporting process. Clinical models of care and health policies conducive to outcome measurement were highlighted as drivers of successful measurement initiatives.

Conclusion

These important perspectives will be used to inform a healthcare quality measurement framework for RA.
Infection control teams for reducing healthcare-associated infections in hospitals and other healthcare settings: a protocol for systematic review
Authors: Thandar Moe Moe , Matsuoka Sadatoshi , Rahman Obaidur , Ota Erika , Baba Toshiaki
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are a worldwide problem. Infection control in hospitals is usually implemented by an infection control team (ICT). Initially, ICTs consisted of doctors, nurses, epidemiologists and microbiologists; then, in the 1980s, the infection control link nurse (ICLN) system was introduced. ICTs (with or without the ICLN system) work to ensure the health and well-being of patients and healthcare professionals in hospitals and other healthcare settings, such as acute care clinics, community health centres and care homes. No previous study has reported the effects of ICTs on HCAIs. This systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness of ICTs with or without the ICLN system in reducing HCAIs in hospitals and other healthcare settings.

Methods and analysis

We will perform a comprehensive literature search for randomised controlled trials in four databases: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library. The primary outcomes are: patient-based/clinical outcomes (rate of HCAIs, death due to HCAIs and length of hospital stay) and staff-based/behavioural outcomes (compliance with infection control practices). The secondary outcomes include the costs to the healthcare system or patients due to extended lengths of stay. Following data extraction, we will assess the risk of bias by using the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care risk of bias tool. If data can be pooled across all the studies, we will perform a meta-analysis.

Ethics and dissemination

We will use publicly available data, and therefore, ethical approval is not required for this systematic review. The findings will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

CRD42020172173.
Cefoxitin versus piperacillin–tazobactam as surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Nevarez Nicole M , Brajcich Brian C , Liu Jason , Ellis Ryan , Ko Clifford Y , Pitt Henry A , D"Angelica Michael I , Yopp Adam C
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Although antibiotic prophylaxis is established in reducing postoperative surgical site infections (SSIs), the optimal antibiotic for prophylaxis in pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) remains unclear. The study objective is to evaluate if administration of piperacillin–tazobactam as antibiotic prophylaxis results in decreased 30-day SSI rate compared with cefoxitin in patients undergoing elective PD.

Methods and analysis

This study will be a multi-institution, double-arm, non-blinded randomised controlled superiority trial. Adults ≥18 years consented to undergo PD for all indications who present to institutions participating in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (NSQIP HPB) Collaborative will be included. Data collection will use the NSQIP HPB Collaborative Surgical Clinical Reviewers. Patients will be randomised to either 1–2 g intravenous cefoxitin or 3.375–4.5 g intravenous piperacillin–tazobactam within 60 min of surgical incision. The primary outcome will be 30-day postoperative SSI rate following PD. Secondary outcomes will include 30-day postoperative mortality; specific postoperative complication rate; and unplanned reoperation, length of stay, and hospital readmission. A subset of patients will have bacterial isolates and sensitivities of intraoperative bile cultures and SSIs. Postoperative SSIs and secondary outcomes will be analysed using logistic regression models with the primary predictor as the randomised treatment group. Additional adjustment will be made for preoperative biliary stent presence. Additionally, bacterial cultures and isolates will be summarised by presence of bacterial species and antibiotic sensitivities.

Ethics and dissemination

This study is approved by the Institutional Review Board at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. This trial will evaluate the effect of piperacillin–tazobactam compared with cefoxitin as antibiotic prophylaxis on the hazard of postoperative SSIs. The results will be disseminated regardless of the effect of the intervention on study outcomes. The manuscript describing the effect of the intervention will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal when data collection and analyses are complete.

Trial registration number

NCT03269994.
Trace Metal Element Analysis in Some Seafood in the Coastal Zone of the Red River (Ba Lat Estuary, Vietnam) by Green Sample Preparation and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)
Authors: Da Le Nhu , Ha Hoang Thi Thu , Phung Vu Phong , Nguyen Thi Lien , Duong Thi Thuy , Dinh Le Minh , Huong Pham Thi Mai , Binh Phung Thi Xuan , Nguyen Tien Dat , Duong Thanh Nghi , Hanh Le Thi My , Le Phuong Thu , Quynh Le Thi Phuong
Published: March 2021

Fisheries and aquaculture production in the coastal zone of Vietnam contribute significantly to the national economy. However, seafood quality and safety, especially in terms of metal contents, are of increasing concern, for both domestic and international markets. This paper presents the results of an investigation in some trace metal elements (iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg)) concentrations in some fishes, crustaceans, and molluscs in the coastal zone of the Red River (in the Ba Lat estuary in Thai Binh and Nam Dinh provinces) during four sampling campaigns in 2020. All samples were treated by a green sample preparation using microwave digestion and then analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results showed that the trace metal element concentrations in fish, crustacean, and mollusc samples decreased in the following order: Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > As > Cd ∼ Hg. In more details, the ranges of trace metal elements in seafood samples were 13.13–202.73; 7.63–82.71; 0.48–22.73; 0.72–15.58; 0.18–5.12; 0.001–1.114; and 0.001–0.923 mg·kg−1 for Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, As, Cd, and Hg, respectively. The research results contribute to the dataset of the seafood (both fishery and aquacultural seafood) quality in the Red River coastal zone. Although the mean values of different trace metal elements observed in this study were lower than the allowed values of Vietnam’s or European’s threshold for food safety, some high concentrations were detected. The survey results suggest the need to expand the monitoring scope (frequency of monitoring, number of samples, and observed variables) for obtaining a fully comprehensive assessment of seafood quality in this region. Our results also indicate that it is necessary to manage water quality in coastal areas, especially where aquaculture activities are carried out.
A Functional Analysis of 2016 Nonpresidential Campaign Tweets
Authors: Stein Kevin A. , Benoit William
Published: March 2021

A functional analysis was conducted on 2016 candidate tweets in races for governor, U.S. Senate, and U.S. House. The 2016 presidential campaign left no doubt that Twitter has come of age as a campaign medium. Because this form of communication is relatively new, we know relatively little about it. Tweets and retweets combined used acclaims more than attacks. Tweets used more acclaims, and fewer attacks, than retweets. Incumbent candidates acclaimed more, and attacked less, than challengers. These campaign messages addressed character slightly more than policy. Tweets acclaimed more than they attacked when addressing general goals and ideals. Incumbents (compared with challengers) were more likely to acclaim, and less likely to attack, when discussing past deeds. With the exception of topic (about the same number of policy and character comments) these findings reflect other campaign message forms.
Children With Autism Exhibit More Individualized Responses to Live Animation Biofeedback Than Do Typically Developing Children
Authors: Eggleston Jeffrey D. , Olivas Alyssa N. , Vanderhoof Heather R. , Chavez Emily A. , Alvarado Carla , Boyle Jason B.
Published: March 2021

Children with autism have displayed imbalances in responding to feedback and feedforward learning information and they have shown difficulty imitating movements. Previous research has focused on motor learning and coordination problems for these children, but little is known about their motoric responses to visual live animation feedback. Thus, we compared motor output responses to live animation biofeedback training in both 15 children with autism and 15 age- and sex-matched typically developing children (age range: 8–17 years). We collected kinematic data via Inertial Measurement Unit devices while participants performed a series of body weight squats at a pre-test, during live animation biofeedback training, and at post-test. Dependent t-tests (α = 0.05), were used to test for statistical significance between pre- and post-test values within groups, and repeated measures analyses of variance (α = 0.05) were used to test for differences among the training blocks, within each group. The Model Statistic technique (α = 0.05) was used to test for pre- and post-test differences on a single-subject level for every participant. Grouped data revealed little to no significant findings in the children with autism, as these participants showed highly individualized responses. However, typically developing children, when grouped, exhibited significant differences in their left hip position ( p = 0.03) and ascent velocity ( p = 0.004). Single-subject analyses showed more individualistic live animation responses of children with autism than typically developing children on every variable of interest except descent velocity. Thus, to teach children with autism new movements in optimal fashion, it is particularly important to understand their individualistic motor learning characteristics.
In Vivo Comparison of Ultimate Tensile Strength and Surface Topography of Three Different Nickel–Titanium Archwires
Authors: Keerthana Pasupureddi , SB Puneeth , Chitra Prasad
Published: March 2021

Objective:

To investigate the surface topography and ultimate tensile strength of 3 types of nickel–titanium (NiTi) wires before and after 3 months of intraoral use and to assess the efficiency of the wires in cases requiring extensive alignment.

Methods:

NiTi wires of 0.016″ (0.40 mm) were divided into 3 groups—martensitic stabilized NiTi™ (group 1), austenitic active Copper NiTi™ 27°C (group 2), and martensitic active copper NiTi™ 35°C (group 3)—each further divided into 2 subgroups: (a) as-received wires; and (b) used wires. Each wire was subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and tensile testing. Ultimate tensile strength data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey testing at the .05 level of significance.

Results:

Martensitic stabilized archwires had a significantly lower ultimate tensile strength (93.99 ± 0.23 MPa) than martensitic active (116.96 ± 0.43 MPa) and austenitic active (106.94 ± 0.36 MPa) archwires. Among the used archwires, the martensitic stabilized ones showed the most and the martensitic active ones the least surface degradation.

Conclusion:

Ultimate tensile strength was the highest for martensitic active archwires with superior surface properties and the lowest for martensitic stabilized archwires with an increased amount of surface degradation.
The Phenomenology of Redemptive Violence
Authors: Beaumont Thomas E.
Published: March 2021

When we occupy the spaces of war memorials, we respond with certain bodily comportments that relay the “truth” of those killed by war violence. Through a phenomenological examination of embodied responses to two war memorials, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall and the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at Arlington National Cemetery, I argue that social institutions employ bodies as a means of legitimizing a violence that is seen as redemptive. More specifically, I demonstrate how the redemptive quality of certain types of violence is an assumption replicated in social practices where individuals have learned the particular bodily skills of discourses surrounding redemptive violence.
The effect of occupation-based postural stability training on postural stability and occupational performance in visually impaired individuals: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Özkan Esma , Akı Esra
Published: March 2021

Introduction

The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of occupation-based postural stability training on occupational performance and postural stability in visually impaired individuals.

Method

The research was designed as pre-test/post-test, with two groups (study group and control group). A total of 34 individuals with visual impairment were randomly assigned to the two groups. Participants were evaluated using a sociodemographic information form, the Biodex Balance System for postural stability, the Canadian Occupational Performance Measurement for assessing performance and satisfaction of occupations and the semi-structured interview form. The control group received only postural stability training with the Biodex Balance System and the study group received individualised occupation-based postural stability training with the Biodex Balance System BBS during a 12-week intervention (24 sessions).

Results

A statistically significant difference was found between the postural stability values of the study group and the control group when looking at pre and post-training measurements ( p < 0.05). It was observed that there was an improvement in the postural stability of the participants in both groups. There was a statistically significant increase in the occupational performance and satisfaction of participants in the study group ( p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Adding person-centred, meaningful and purposeful occupations into rehabilitation programmes that use technological devices increases functionality in activities of daily living.
Human epidermal growth factor-functionalized cocoon silk with improved cell proliferation activity for the fabrication of wound dressings
Authors: Wu Meiyu , Huang Shenyu , Ye Xiaogang , Ruan Jinghua , Zhao Shuo , Ye Juan , Zhong Boxiong
Published: March 2021

Human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) is a key factor involved in wound healing owing to its powerful ability to stimulate cell proliferation. In this study, we used piggyBac transposon technology to produce transgenic silkworms expressing the hEGF protein fused to truncated heavy chain (FibH-hEGF). The FibH–hEGF fusion protein was successfully expressed and secreted into silkworm cocoons. Compared to wild-type silk, the transgenic silkworm silk had the similar morphology about silks fiber surface and cocoon nets, while the secondary structure between the transgenic silk and wild-type silk was different. Most importantly, transgenic silkworm cocoon silk powder extract significantly increased human fibroblast FIB cell proliferation for a long duration with no apparent cytotoxicity. Our study provides a promising method for obtaining cost-effective and functional biomaterials for the fabrication of wound dressings.
The impact of biographical information about a composer on emotional responses to their music
Authors: Kiernan Frederic , Krause Amanda E. , Davidson Jane W.
Published: March 2021

This study investigated whether reading biographical information about the composer Jan Dismas Zelenka (1679–1745) before listening to his music would influence listeners’ self-reported emotional responses. The study involved 179 participants who completed an online listening exercise in which they read either a negative or a neutral biography of Zelenka, or no biography, before listening to two short excerpts of his music. After listening to each excerpt, participants completed a 27-item questionnaire concerning their emotional responses and were then asked to describe in their own words how the music made them feel. Two-factor analyses identified five factors underlying the emotional responses of participants for each musical excerpt. Generalised Linear Mixed Model analyses indicate that the biography condition affected participants’ emotional responses with regard to memories, associations, and mental images. Positive emotional contagion was also a significant predictor variable for several of the emotional factors that were identified. A thematic analysis of participants’ free-text responses supported both the BRECVEMAC model and persona theory as interpretative frameworks, albeit with caveats. Additionally, a chi-square test of contingencies revealed that participants who read the negative biography of Zelenka were more likely to make use of negative language to describe their emotional responses to the music, and that participants who read no biography were more likely to use neutral language. The findings suggest that contextual biographical information about composers (e.g., in programme notes) can have an impact on the emotional experiences of listeners.
Histologic features of hair follicle neoplasms and cysts in dogs and cats: a diagnostic guide
Authors: Wiener Dominique J.
Published: March 2021

Hair follicle neoplasms occur in many different species, including humans. In domestic animals, they are most common in dogs. Most hair follicle tumors are benign, but malignant neoplasms can also occur. To diagnose hair follicle neoplasms, a thorough knowledge of follicular anatomy is important, given that follicular tumors are classified according to the differentiation pattern seen in the corresponding part of the normal hair follicle. This review focuses on the key diagnostic features of hair follicle tumors and follicular cysts in dogs and cats.
Neoliberal Influences: The Aftermath of Educational Reform- A Reflective Analysis
Authors: Tucker Janice , Fushell Marian
Published: March 2021

Neoliberal discourse dominated education policy for decades and fueled reform movements with lasting effects. Through a critical lens this qualitative case study explored policy direction, the influences that shaped multiple years of reform initiatives and the impact of these changes in one Canadian province. Data sources including policy documents, surveys, and interviews, revealed that with each restructuring there was a loss of professional expertise and local governance affecting working conditions, communication, and relationships. Consequently, there was a decline in support for student learning, teachers, and schools. This historical overview informs policymakers challenged with shaping future policy direction in education.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with ocrelizumab treatment in a patient with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Machlańska Agnieszka , Helbig Grzegorz , Chromik Karolina , Zapała Magdalena , Zwiernik Bartosz , Selmaj Krzysztof
Published: March 2021

Background:

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rarely recognized hyperinflammatory condition of high death risk.

Objective:

The objective was to describe a case of HLH in a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with ocrelizumab

Methods:

Clinical observation, laboratory testing, and use of HLH-2004 criteria for HLH diagnosis.

Results:

A 32-year-old Caucasian female developed HLH during ocrelizumab treatment. She met six of the eight HLH criteria including fever, splenomegaly, cytopenia, hypertriglyceridemia and hypofibrinogenemia, high serum ferritin level, and low natural killer (NK) cells.

Conclusion:

HLH should be considered in the differential diagnosis in MS patients displaying a fever and malaise syndrome following administration of ocrelizumab.
Another perspective: Reflections on using qualitative video-recall procedures in sexual communication research with partnered gay men
Authors: Gendron Mathew R , Jordan Sharalyn
Published: March 2021

As sex cultures evolve in complexity, so too must our research procedures. We introduce qualitative video-recall procedures and discuss the unique opportunities they present in the study of sexual communication. In a pilot study, three diverse gay male couples had video-recorded conversations about aspects of their sexual relationships that they wished to change or explore. Partners then individually watched and reflected on their partnered conversations during open-ended video-recall interviews. We discuss how reflexively engaging with these research procedures enabled the first author to (1) confront dominant and restrictive assumptions about partnered sex, (2) observe how interpersonal dynamics shape sexual communication, and (3) enhance cultural reflexivity.
COVID-19 conspiracy theories
Authors: Douglas Karen M.
Published: March 2021

Conspiracy theories started to appear on social media immediately after the first news about COVID-19. Is the virus a hoax? Is it a bioweapon designed in a Chinese laboratory? These conspiracy theories typically have an intergroup flavour, blaming one group for having some involvement in either manufacturing the virus or controlling public opinion about it. In this article, I will discuss why people are attracted to conspiracy theories in general, and why conspiracy theories seem to have flourished during the pandemic. I will discuss what the consequences of these conspiracy theories are for individuals, groups, and societies. I will then discuss some potential strategies for addressing the negative consequences of conspiracy theories. Finally, I will consider some open questions for research regarding COVID-19 conspiracy theories, in particular focusing on the potential impact of these conspiracy theories for group processes and intergroup relations.
Structural Transformation in South Asia: Does the Pattern Ensure Growth Momentum?
Authors: Jha Raghbendra , Afrin Sadia
Published: March 2021

We model the evolution and determinants of shares of agriculture, manufacturing and services to gross domestic product for four South Asian countries (Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka and Pakistan) for 41 years (1974–2018) to understand their structural transformation pattern. Determinants of shares were classified into three broad categories: ‘country fundamentals’, ‘policy’ and ‘decadal dummies’. This is the first article to investigate the empirical regularities of the structural transformation pattern and their determinants for this region. The generalized least squares estimation technique for panel data was applied. We find mixed evidence in support of structural transformation. With the increase in per capita income, the share of agriculture decreases and that of services increases, partially supporting the Kuznets hypothesis; however, the share of manufacturing sector shows a more tepid rise and even decreases in some model specifications. Thus, the Kuznets model of structural transformation is supported to some extent, but not strongly for these countries.

JEL: C22, C23, F63, O11