bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dual‐Surface Polydentate Anchoring Enabled Strain Regulation for Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zeng Fancong , Xu Lin , Hu Chencheng , Xing Jiahe , Wu Yanjie , Bai Xue , Dong Biao , Song Hongwei
Published: November 2024

Continuous breakthroughs of photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) in perovskite solar cells are achieved, but the inherent instability caused by residual tensile strain and interfacial defects remains a major obstacle to their application. In this study, a polydentate ligand‐regulated dual‐surface stress management strategy for perovskite (PVK) is introduced to eliminate tensile strain and interface defects via multidentate anchoring. 3‐amino‐5‐bromopicolinaldehyde (BD) is employed on the lower surface of PVK, while its −CO, −NH2, and pyridine functional groups facilitate the bridging of SnO2 with PVK, alleviating tensile stress and lowering interfacial energy barriers. For the upper surface, the bis−SO2, pyridine, and bis−CF3 functional groups of N‐(5‐Chloro‐2‐pyridyl) bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide) (FC) are utilized to increase the ion migration energy barrier through anchoring, which effectively diminishes tensile stress and defects. Besides, −CF3 also constructs a hydrophobic barrier on the upper surface. Notably, tensile stress successfully transforms into compressive stress based on the dual‐surface stress regulation, significantly improving the framework stability of PVK. Consequently, the devices treated with BD and FC achieve an elevated open‐circuit voltage of 1.24 V and PCE of 24.70%. The modified device (unencapsulated) maintains 92% of initial PCE after 2000 h in the atmosphere and 91% after 500 h under 85% RH, showcasing enhanced stability.
Rational Design of Advanced Gene Delivery Carriers: Macrophage Phenotype Matters
Authors: Wang Yue , Yao Yining , Zhang Yue , Yu Yingjie , Luo Jiangqi , Sweet Matthew J. , Yu Chengzhong
Published: November 2024

Nucleic acid delivery in hard‐to‐transfect macrophages have attracted increasing attention in diverse applications such as defence against bacterial infection. Regulated by microenvironments in specific applications, macrophages have a heterogenous nature and exist in different phenotypes with diverse functions, e.g., pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory. However, it is not clear whether macrophage phenotype affects nucleic acid delivery, and which one is harder to transfect, and the design of nucleic acid carriers in harder‐to‐transfect macrophage phenotypes is largely unexplored. Herein, it is first revealed that nucleic acid delivery efficacy in macrophages is influenced by phenotype: IL‐4‐treated “M2‐like” macrophages with suppressed mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) levels are harder‐to‐transfect than “M1‐like” macrophages for mRNA and DNA. This knowledge is then translated to the purpose‐design of gene delivery carriers for harder‐to‐transfect M2 phenotype macrophages dominant upon bacteria immune evasion. By loading chloroquine in tetrasulfide bond‐containing organosilica nanoparticles, the resultant composite promotes macrophage M2 polarization to M1 and increases mTORC1 levels for enhanced translation. The design is demonstrated in vitro and in vivo for pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. It is expected that the findings may provide new knowledge and gene delivery solutions in other applications where the M2 phenotype macrophage is dominant.
1D, 2D, and 3D Micropatterning of ZnO Nanoparticles and Nanorods by Two‐Photon Polymerization and Surface Functionalization
Authors: Ghabri Nawres , Gokarna Anisha , Issa Ali , Rumyantseva Anna , Kostcheev Sergei , Nomenyo Komla , Akil Suzanna , Maalej Ramzi , Lerondel Gilles , Jradi Safi
Published: November 2024

In this paper, a novel method is proposed for selective deposition of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) and growth of ZnO Nanorods (NRs) on multi‐dimensional patterned polymer surfaces. The method involves microfabrication of functionalized 1D, 2D, and 3D polymer structures by two‐photon polymerization (TPP) followed by selective assembly of ZnO NPs acting as seeds before growing ZnO NRs by chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique at low temperature. The immobilization of the ZnO NPs seed layer is done by electrostatic interaction between the positively charged polymer surface functionalized by amine groups and the negatively charged ZnO NPs functionalized by citrate molecules. The influence of citrate molecules on the stability of the ZnO NPs dispersions and their immobilization on the polymer surface is demonstrated. Spatially controlled and selective growth of ZnO NRs is shown at low temperatures on multi‐dimensional structures up to 9 mm2 and having different shapes, including 1D polymer lines, 2D microplates, and 3D arrays of cones. The diameter of NRs and their orientation can be controlled through the size of ZnO NPs and the shape of the polymer structure respectively.
Synthesis of Functionalized Benzo[f]chromanes and Hydroxyalkyl Naphthols: Catalytic Coupling of Naphthols and Allylic Alcohols
Authors: Vijaya Sankar Raman , Gunanathan Chidambaram
Published: November 2024

Catalytic dearomatization of arenols is an uphill task that can serve as a powerful method to construct C−C bonds with unsaturated coupling partners. Herein, a simple and efficient strategy for coupling naphthols with allylic alcohols is reported. A single Ru(II) pincer catalyzed coupling of naphthols with primary allylic alcohols led to the formation of benzo(f)chromanes, whereas the use of secondary alcohols delivered the hydroxyalkyl naphthols. Broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance are demonstrated. Notably, a high diastereoselectivity is attained on chromanes. Hydroxyalkyl naphthols are synthetically transformed into spiroethers, and dearomative bromination is achieved on chromanes. Mechanistic studies revealed the involvement of tandem reactions, a formal O−H bond activation of allylic alcohols by an active catalyst via amine‐amide metal‐ligand cooperation provided α‐β, unsaturated carbonyl intermediates, which further underwent 1,4 conjugate addition with dearomatized naphthols. One of the crucial intermediates, naphthyl radical, is elucidated by EPR studies and trapped using a radical scavenger. Liberated hydrogen and water molecules are the only byproducts in these transformations.
Matrix Architecture and Mechanics Regulate Myofibril Organization, Costamere Assembly, and Contractility in Engineered Myocardial Microtissues
Authors: DePalma Samuel J. , Jilberto Javiera , Stis Austin E. , Huang Darcy D. , Lo Jason , Davidson Christopher D. , Chowdhury Aamilah , Kent Robert N. , Jewett Maggie E. , Kobeissi Hiba , Chen Christopher S. , Lejeune Emma , Helms Adam S. , Nordsletten David A. , Baker Brendon M.
Published: November 2024

The mechanical function of the myocardium is defined by cardiomyocyte contractility and the biomechanics of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Understanding this relationship remains an important unmet challenge due to limitations in existing approaches for engineering myocardial tissue. Here, they established arrays of cardiac microtissues with tunable mechanics and architecture by integrating ECM‐mimetic synthetic, fiber matrices, and induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC‐CMs), enabling real‐time contractility readouts, in‐depth structural assessment, and tissue‐specific computational modeling. They found that the stiffness and alignment of matrix fibers distinctly affect the structural development and contractile function of pure iPSC‐CM tissues. Further examination into the impact of fibrous matrix stiffness enabled by computational models and quantitative immunofluorescence implicates cell‐ECM interactions in myofibril assembly, myofibril maturation, and notably costamere assembly, which correlates with improved contractile function of tissues. These results highlight how iPSC‐CM tissue models with controllable architecture and mechanics can elucidate mechanisms of tissue maturation and disease.
Sustained Endocytosis Inhibition via Locally‐Injected Drug‐Eluting Hydrogel Improves ADCC‐Mediated Antibody Therapy in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wu Chong , Liu Xiaoting , Liu Rong , Song Shiyao , Zheng Zi‐Fan , Zeng Yilin , Mei Yong , Zhang Jing‐Yang , Duan Qijia , Lin Run , Du Jin‐Zhi , He Weiling
Published: November 2024

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a validated therapeutic target for RAS/RAF wild‐type colorectal cancer (CRC). However, monoclonal antibody‐based anti‐EGFR therapies such as cetuximab have limited effectiveness. Herein, it is identified that EGFR internalization is associated with poor treatment response and prognosis in patients with CRC, based on a retrospective analysis of patients treated with cetuximab. It is further demonstrated that the endocytosis inhibitor prochlorperazine (PCZ) can move EGFR, which is hidden inside the cell, to the cell surface to improve therapeutic antibody binding. Thus, a thermosensitive hydrogel co‐loaded with cetuximab and PCZ (Gel@Cmab/PCZ) is constructed for sustained inhibition of endocytosis and effective cetuximab delivery. Peritumoral injection of Gel@Cmab/PCZ shows strong antitumor efficacy in subcutaneous and orthotopic CRC tumor models and completely abrogated liver metastasis when combined with chemotherapy. In a humanized patient‐derived xenograft model, a single injection of Gel@Cmab/PCZ with one‐third of the conventional cetuximab dose achieved 91% tumor growth inhibition, which promoted NK cell infiltration into tumor tissues and their antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity effect. This study represents a novel strategy to boost the monoclonal antibody‐mediated anti‐tumor response in CRC.
scPharm: Identifying Pharmacological Subpopulations of Single Cells for Precision Medicine in Cancers
Authors: Tian Peng , Zheng Jie , Qiao Keying , Fan Yuxiao , Xu Yue , Wu Tao , Chen Shuting , Zhang Yinuo , Zhang Bingyue , Ambrogio Chiara , Wang Haiyun
Published: November 2024

Intratumour heterogeneity significantly hinders the efficacy of anticancer therapies. Compared with drug perturbation experiments, which yield pharmacological data at the bulk cell level, single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) technology provides a means to capture molecular heterogeneity at single‐cell resolution. Here, scPharm is introduced, a computational framework that integrates pharmacological profiles with scRNA‐seq data to identify pharmacological subpopulations of cells within a tumour and prioritize tailored drugs. scPharm uses the normalized enrichment scores (NESs) determined from gene set enrichment analysis to assess the distribution of cell identity genes in drug response‐determined gene lists. Based on the strong correlation between the NES and drug response at single‐cell resolution, scPharm successfully identified the sensitive subpopulations in ER‐positive and HER2‐positive human breast cancer tissues, revealed dynamic changes in the resistant subpopulation of human PC9 cells treated with erlotinib, and expanded its ability to a mouse model. Its superior performance and computational efficiency are confirmed through comparative evaluations with other single‐cell prediction tools. Additionally, scPharm predicted combination drug strategies by gauging compensation or booster effects between drugs and evaluated drug toxicity in healthy cells in the tumour microenvironment. Overall, scPharm provides a novel approach for precision medicine in cancers by revealing therapeutic heterogeneity at single‐cell resolution.
Long‐Term Health Outcomes of Individuals With Pseudodeficiency Alleles in IDUA May Inform Newborn Screening Practices for Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I
Authors: Grady Lauren O′ , Zoltick Emilie S. , Zouk Hana , He Wei , Perez Emma , Clarke Lorne , Gold Jessica , Strong Alanna , Sahai Inderneel , Yeo Julie , Green Robert C. , Karaa Amel , Gold Nina B.
Published: November 2024

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I), a lysosomal disorder caused by variants in IDUA, was added to the Recommended Uniform Screening Panel for newborn screening in 2016. Positive screening results for MPS I are commonly due to variants known as “pseudodeficiency alleles,” which decrease in vitro alpha‐L‐iduronidase enzyme activity but are thought to provide sufficient in vivo activity. Despite the historic assumption that these variants are biologically benign, the possibility that they could give rise to complex, multigenic, or attenuated phenotypes has not been systemically evaluated in adults. We completed a retrospective matched cohort study using a hospital‐based biorepository with data from 65,309 participants, we identified 1803 individuals harboring homozygous IDUA pseudodeficiency alleles. Using electronic medical records (EMR), we compared the prevalence of features of MPS I in participants with homozygous pseudodeficiency alleles to a cohort of matched control participants. We found no clinically relevant significant differences between cases and controls nor genotype–phenotype associations across four alleles. These findings provide empiric support that adults with homozygous IDUA pseudodeficiency alleles are unlikely to develop mild symptoms of disease compared with controls. This study provides a proof‐of‐concept model for other nonclassical disease variants related to other inherited metabolic disorders, which is necessary as newborn screening expands.
Integrating Sustainable Chemistry Principles in Polydiacetylene (PDA) Synthesis
Authors: Gendron David , Baillargeon Pierre
Published: November 2024

Polydiacetylenes (PDAs) represent one of the most intriguing classes of semiconducting polymers, captivating researchers with their unique properties and diverse applications. They possess remarkable electronic and optical characteristics, as well as their ability to undergo dramatic color changes in response to various stimuli. This perspective explores the integration of sustainable chemistry principles into the synthesis of PDAs. We highlight how several elements such as diacetylene green‐coupling synthesis, biodegradability, solid state synthesis and biobased precursors, can contribute to the advancement of more responsible and innovative PDAs materials.
Exploring the Differences in Self‐Assembly Behavior, Structure, and Properties of Two Novel Pentanuclear Zinc (II) Salamo‐Type Complexes Possessing Solvent Effect
Authors: Zheng Ying‐Ru , Tuo Na , Zhang Hai‐Wei , Wang Li , Dong Wen‐Kui
Published: November 2024

A salamo‐type biscompartmental ligand was successfully prepared. On this basis, two novel pentanuclear zinc (II) salamo‐type complexes possessing solvent effect were self‐assembled successfully with different zinc (II) salts: [Zn5(L)2(μ‐OAc)2(CH3COCH3)] (1) and [Zn5(L)2(μ‐OAc)2(CH3CN)] (2). Complex 1 contains two fully deprotonated (L)4− units, five Zn(II) atoms, two coordinating acetate anions, and one coordinating acetone molecule. The zinc (II) atoms are all in a slightly distorted triangular bipyramidal geometrical configurations. Complex 2 consists of two fully deprotonated (L)4− units, five zinc (II) atoms, two coordinating acetate anions and a coordinating acetonitrile molecule. The different structures of the self‐assembling complexes may be attributed to various solvent effects applied in the self‐assembly. As a result, the acetate anions are involved in bridging coordination, thereby expanding the distance between secondary building units (SBUs). In addition, polar nonprotonic solvents, especially acetonitrile and acetone molecules, were involved in the coordination process. Finally, the reaction sites and intermolecular interactions were further discussed by MEP, IRI, and Hirshfeld surfaces, and their fluorescence properties were explored.
Green Synthesis of New Coumarins Employing SiO2/Fe3O4@MWCNTs as a Recyclable Catalyst and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activity
Authors: Hojjati Mahsa , Shikholeslami‐Farahani Fatemeh , Shahvelayati Ashraf Sadat , Hossaini Zinatossadat
Published: November 2024

This study successfully synthesized coumarins, which belong to a novel class of fused heterocyclic compounds, employing a multicomponent reaction with excellent efficiency. The process utilized 4‐aminocumarin or 4‐hydroxycumarin, 2‐arylidenemalononitrile, and activated acetylenic chemicals in an aqueous solution at room temperature in the presence of MWCNTs@SiO2/Fe3O4 as a recyclable catalyst. The synthesized compounds were assessed for their antiproliferative activity against MCF‐7 breast and HCT‐15 colon cancer cell lines using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, as well as their antioxidant effect. Compounds 4c, 4g, and 6d exhibited superior antiproliferative activity compared with other synthesized compounds. The compounds 4c, 4g, and 6d were subjected to UV‐Vis spectroscopy to determine their binding affinity for DNA and BSA. The analysis yielded overall affinity constants K4c‐DNA = 7.9 × 103 M−1, K4g‐DNA = 1.1 × 104 M−1, K6d‐DNA = 4.2 × 104 M−1, K4c‐BSA = 4.96 × 104 M−1, K4g‐BSA = 7.54 × 104 M−1, and K6d‐BSA = 6.47 × 104 M−1. Our research results could offer fresh data demonstrating the correlation between the chemical composition and the ability of these novel coumarin analogs to inhibit cancer growth. The synthesis of fused coumarins exhibited various beneficial characteristics, such as fast reactions, high yields of the end product, and easy isolation of the catalyst and product from the reaction mixture.
Synthesis, Structural Aspects, Magnetic, and Adsorption Properties of a Dinuclear Cu (II) Complex Derived From Mixed Ligand Approach
Authors: Akhtar Muhammad Nadeem , Aiman Umme , Qasim Muhammad Naveed , Atta Sawaira , Siddique Amna , AlDamen Murad A. , Bikas Rahman , Fitta Magdalena , Kozakiewicz‐Piekarz Anna
Published: November 2024

A dinuclear copper complex, [Cu2(teaH)(pNBA)2(H2O)2]·MeOH·pNBH (1) (where teaH3 = triethanolamine, pNBH = 4‐nitro‐benzoic acid, and pNBA = 4‐nitro‐benzoate) has been prepared and structurally characterized. In 1, there is an interesting intermolecular structure that is shown as a tetramer copper connected in chain‐like motif. In the UV‐Vis spectrum, higher absorbance at 267 nm is referred to n → π* transition, coupled with a weak peak at 500 nm, indicating another transition, which is specified as metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer. The higher intensity peak in the photoluminescence spectrum is marked as the absorption of energy required for the excitation of electrons, whereas lower intensity peaks show the emission of energy, which describes d‐d transitions of Cu (II) electrons due to d9 configuration. Complex 1 was explored for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye, with the maximum adsorption as 101.07 mg/g, whereas the removal efficiency was estimated to be 81.05%. In conformity with the kinetic studies, the adsorption process proceeded via a Pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model. The incorporation of mixed ligands such as teaH3 and pNBH in 1 tends to increase the dimensionality that led to increased MB adsorption. The plausible mechanism behind the adsorption was favored by hydrogen‐bonding, electrostatic, π–π, and n–π* interactions, operating between the dye and complex 1. Further, the H‐bonding and these interactions provided stability to the complex, and an improved dye adsorption was observed even during the 2nd and 3rd recyclability experiments. Additionally, complex 1 corroborated remarkable stability after dye adsorption, allowing for up to four recycling turns. The magnetic study revealed antiferromagnetic coupling between the two magnetic centers with a singlet ground state (S = 0).
Mixed Perovskite Phases of BaTiO3/BaTi5O11 for Efficient Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to CO
Authors: Marbaniang Phiralang , Kumar Tiwari Dilip , Ingavale Sagar , Lata Singh Deep , Rao G. Ranga
Published: November 2024

One of the most promising approaches in solving the energy crisis and reducing atmospheric CO2 emissions is artificial photosynthetic CO2 reduction. The electrochemical method for CO2 reduction is more appealing since it can be operated under ambient conditions, and the product selectivity strongly depends on the applied potential. Perovskites with ferroelectric properties strongly adsorb linear CO2 molecules. In this study, barium titanate (BaTiO3) perovskite is used as an electrocatalyst to promote CO2 activation and conversion to CO. Perovskite catalysts were prepared by ball‐milling followed by annealing at 900 °C for 4 to 6 h in an open atmosphere. The TEM and SEM study shows that the particle size varies in the range of 80–200 nm. Mixed phases of BaTiO3 and BaTi5O11 supported on nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes are found to be highly active for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to CO with maximum Faradaic efficiency of 89.4 % at −1.0 V versus Ag/AgCl in CO2 saturated 0.5 KOH solution. This study concludes that mixed phases of BaTiO3 and BaTi5O11 are more active and highly selective for CO2 conversion to CO compared to single‐phase BaTiO3.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Thin‐Film Properties of Post‐Functionalized N,N‐Dimethylanilinoethynyl‐Substituted Cyclobutenofullerenes
Authors: Yamada Michio , Sakuma Haruki , He Waner , Araki Hiromichi , Maeda Yutaka , Suzuki Mitsuaki , Michinobu Tsuyoshi
Published: November 2024

A π‐extended cyclobutenofullerene containing an N,N‐dimethylanilinoethynyl group was synthesized via a one‐pot cascade reaction of C60 with the corresponding propargylic phosphate. The cyclobutenofullerene was further modified using either one‐pot or sequential post‐functionalization methods, yielding derivatives containing altered addend structures. During one‐pot post‐functionalization, hydration reaction of the alkyne moiety continued after the formation of cyclobutenofullerenes. The sequential post‐functionalization approach involved introducing the tetracyanobutadiene structure through formal [2+2] cycloaddition and a subsequent retroelectrocyclization reaction with tetracyanoethylene. The electronic and optical properties of the derivatives in solution, as well as their field‐effect transistor behavior in thin films, were thoroughly assessed to elucidate the optoelectronic differences arising from various addend structures. The properties of the three characteristic cyclobutenofullerene derivatives in the solution and thin films significantly varied depending on the addends. Among the three derivatives studied, only cyclobutenofullerene, featuring a folded structure induced by the hydration of the alkyne moiety, exhibited n‐type semiconductor behavior in the thin films. The findings of this study present a novel methodology for synthesizing and functionalizing fullerene derivatives, together with a conceptual framework for tailoring molecular properties.
Molecular Assembly in Optical Cavities
Authors: Hirai Kenji , Uji‐i Hiroshi
Published: November 2024

Chemistry has traditionally focused on the synthesis of desired compounds, with organic synthesis being a key method for obtaining target molecules. In contrast, self‐assembly —where molecules spontaneously organize into well‐defined structures— has emerged as a powerful tool for fabricating intricate structures. Self‐assembly was initially studied in biological systems but has been developed for synthetic methods, leading to the field of supramolecular chemistry, where non‐covalent interactions/bonds guide molecular assembly. This has led to the development of complex molecular structures, such as metal‐organic frameworks and hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks. Parallel to this field, cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED), developed in the mid‐20th century, has recently intersected with molecular assembly. Early research in cavity strong coupling focused on inorganic solids and simple molecules, but has since extended to molecular assemblies. The strong coupling synergized with molecular assembly will generate new polaritonic phenomena and applications.
Distributed dynamic event‐triggered consensus of linear multiagent systems on time scales
Authors: Shi Jinfeng , Wan Peng
Published: November 2024

This article focuses on consensus of linear multiagent systems (LMASs) on time scales via distributed dynamic event‐triggered control (DETC). First, distributed dynamic event‐triggered generators are established for LMASs on time scales, where the introduction of auxiliary variables can adjust their triggering thresholds and help reduce triggering frequency. Second, under the proposed dynamic event‐triggered mechanism (DETM), matrix inequality criteria are derived to guarantee that LMASs on time scales achieve consensus via the feedback controllers. Third, under the same DETM, a novel adaptive controller is proposed for each agent to achieve consensus under matrix inequality criteria, which includes the updating law and the maximum of the coupling strength. Additionally, it is demonstrated that Zeno behavior can be avoided for the closed‐loop systems with distributed event‐triggered feedback/adaptive controllers. Last but not least, theoretical results of LMASs on time scales can be applied to discrete‐time systems, continuous‐time systems and dynamic systems whose state intermittently changes in one time period and continuously evolves in another time period. The feasibility of the designed distributed dynamic event‐triggered feedback/adaptive controllers is verified by two simulation examples.
The learning curve for hood‐sparing robotic‐assisted radical prostatectomy: A single‐surgeon experience
Authors: Simpson Keith R. S. , Krishnan Jamie , Taylor Linda , McNeill Alan , Good Daniel W.
Published: November 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the impact of anterior hood‐sparing robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) with posterior‐anterior reconstruction in a single‐surgeon series by analysing oncological and functional continence outcomes.

Patients and Methods

We carried out a cohort comparison study of a prospectively collected single‐surgeon series. The surgeon was an ‘in‐training’ fellowship trained surgeon in their first 2 years of independent practice. There were three cohorts identified from electronic and scanned paper operation notes. The first cohort of standard anterior RARP (no hood sparing) included initial patients and any patient in the consecutive series who had completed 3 month FU after RARP. The second cohort was hemi‐hood‐sparing RARP again within the consecutive database of patients and lastly full‐hood‐sparing RARP. Early continence was defined by patients reporting being ‘dry’ and with 0 pad or 1 confidence/security pad. Data was collected in an Excel spreadsheet, and SPSS was used to assess distribution with non‐parametric data being analysed using a Mann Whitney U test and parametric data with an unpaired t‐test.

Results

We identified 174 patients from March 2020 to February 2022 who were operated on. Full pathology and 6‐week follow‐up pad use data was available for all patients. At 12 months, some data for EPIC‐26 was not available (lack of response/clinic non‐attendance). The results demonstrate doubling in early continence to over 75% at 6‐week follow‐up with comparable positive margin rates. This difference was statistically significantly better in the dorsal venous complex RARP sparing group in comparison to standard RARP (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Anterior hood‐sparing RARP with anterior reconstruction is a modification to the standard anterior RARP approach with a short learning curve which provides patients with better early and late continence without compromise to oncological outcomes.
Determination of Sennoside A in Rat Plasma by Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Its Application to a Rat Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Sun Jingjing , Gu Yifan , Gu Chunyan , Qi Wen , Chu Feifei , Shen Jiawei
Published: November 2024

To characterize pharmacokinetic profile of sennoside A in rats after intravenous and oral administration, a simple and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was established and validated for quantitative determination of sennoside A in rat plasma. After prepared by protein precipitation with acetonitrile, sennoside A and internal standard were separated on a Waters ACQUITY HSS T3 (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.8 μm) column using acetonitrile and 5‐mM ammonium acetate in water as mobile phase by gradient elution. The method showed excellent linearity over the range of 0.5–1000 ng/mL with acceptable intra‐ and inter‐day precision, accuracy, matrix effect, and recovery. The stability assay indicated that sennoside A was stable in plasma during the sample collection, preparation, and analysis. Next, the method was applied to pharmacokinetic study of sennoside A in rats. After intravenous and intragastric administrated to rats, the concentrations of sennoside A in plasma at different time points were quantitated and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by software of DAS 2.0. Pharmacokinetic parameters suggested that after oral administration, sennoside A was reached to the peak at 2.9–3.6 h with a Cmax value of 13.2–31.7 ng/mL. Sennoside A was eliminated slowly from the plasma with T1/2 value between 15.4 and 18.3 h. The oral absolute bioavailability was among 0.9%–1.3%, which indicated low blood exposure level.
Stability of response styles in a personality measure: Evidence with clinical adolescents
Authors: Wu Pei‐Chen
Published: November 2024

Background

In counselling and psychotherapy, individuals may exhibit response styles when completing personality measures, potentially distorting comparisons of inter‐ and intra‐differences. However, previous research has primarily focused on nonclinical samples and cross‐sectional data, leaving gaps in our understanding of the stability of response styles and their impact on clinical samples. This study aimed to fill gaps in knowledge by applying a mixed Rasch model to explore response style stability in a personality measure in clinical adolescents.

Methods

The study sample consisted of 290 clinical adolescents (112 males and 178 females) who were experiencing depressive symptoms and receiving continuous treatment for at least 2 years. Each participant completed a personality assessment at four time points with a six‐month interval between each assessment. To comprehensively examine the stability of response styles over an extended period, this study utilised mixed Rash modelling to analyse enduring response patterns using data collected at the initial (T1) and fourth (T4) assessments, which were spaced 2 years apart.

Results

Using mixed Rasch modelling, the results showed that the extreme response style (ERS) and middle response style (MRS) were the two most common response styles in the five domains of the Big Five Inventory‐21 at T1 and T4. The ERS and MRS remained stable throughout the mental health intervention. There was no gender‐related relationship found for response styles in the data at separate time points (T1 and T4) or in the longitudinal data (long‐format data). Importantly, the findings revealed that odds of a clinical adolescent changing their personality response style (ERS → MRS or MRS → ERS) increased by 1.15 times with each unit increase in depression score.

Conclusion

Researchers and practitioners should be aware that the stability of the ERS and MRS for a personality measure may result in response style‐based explanations for findings obtained from longitudinal data, such as trait stability or trait change over waves.
Application of Chalcone in the Structural Modification of Natural Products: An Overview
Authors: Quan Yin‐Sheng , Liu Jin‐Ying , Wang Ya‐Lan , Liu Zheng , Quan Zhe‐Shan , Wang Si‐Hong , Yin Xiu‐Mei
Published: November 2024

Natural products frequently display a range of biological activities, yet many exhibit only moderate efficacy during initial evaluations. Often, these natural substances necessitate structural alterations to yield promising lead compounds. Chalcones, characterized by their β‐unsaturated carbonyl aromatic ketone structure, are prevalent in plant life and serve as fundamental scaffolds for the biosynthetic precursors of flavonoids and isoflavones. Due to their straightforward synthesis and extensive spectrum of biological effects, chalcones have found extensive application in medicinal chemistry. Chalcone analogs have demonstrated significant potential for drug discovery and development, as structural modifications can both amplify pharmacological efficacy and effectively mitigate toxic side effects. This paper endeavors to delve into the applications of chalcones in the structural modification of natural products, providing a theoretical foundation for future endeavors in derivatization and drug development. The full paper is organized into categories based on the biological activities of the derivatives, including anti‐dyslipidemic, antibacterial, antimalarial, anti‐inflammatory, anticancer, anti‐Alzheimer, and α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities.
Magnetohydrodynamic Enhancement of Biofuel Cell Performance
Authors: Salinas Gerardo , Safarik Tatjana , Meneghello Marta , Bichon Sabrina , Gounel Sebastien , Mano Nicolas , Kuhn Alexander
Published: November 2024

Biofuel cells have become an interesting alternative for the design of sustainable energy conversion systems with multiple applications ranging from biosensing and bioelectronics to autonomously moving devices. However, as an electrochemical system, their performance is intimately related to mass transport conditions. In this work, the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effect is studied as an easy and straightforward alternative to enhance the performance of a biofuel cell based on the enzymes glucose oxidase (GOx) and bilirubin oxidase (BOD). The synergetic effect between the electric and ionic currents, produced by the enzymatic redox reactions, and a magnetic field orthogonal to the surface of the electrodes, leads to the formation of localized magnetohydrodynamic vortexes. Such an integrated convective regime generates an increase of the bioelectrocatalytic current and its concomitant power output in the presence of the external magnetic field. In addition, by fine‐tuning the spatial arrangement of the anode and cathode, it is possible to benefit from the sum of anodic and cathodic MHD vortexes, leading to an enhanced power output of up to 300 %.
Dual‐Coreactants Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence
Authors: Ding Jialian , Su Bin
Published: November 2024

The electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of ruthenium(II) tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl) (Ru(bpy)32+) with tri‐n‐propylamine (TPrA) as the good coreactant can be unexpectedly enhanced by a weak coreactant, such as triethanolamine (TEOA). First, the intensity of ECL emitted by Ru(bpy)32+/TPrA can be remarkably amplified by 10.8‐fold after adding some amount of TEOA. Moreover, the ECL layer thickness, measured by self‐interference spectroscopy, is also doubled. The enhancement far exceeding the superposition of respective contribution of TPrA and TEOA was elucidated by a “chemical oxidation mechanism”, in which TEOA+⋅ acts as a chemical enhancer to oxidize TPrA in solution and to accelerate significantly the ECL reaction kinetics. This mechanism was proved by single‐photon counting experiment and finite element simulations. In addition, the dual‐coreactants strategy works well not only in solution with freely diffusive Ru(bpy)32+, but also on Ru(bpy)32+‐functionalized microbeads, suggesting that ethanolamines could act as cheap, easily available and low‐background enhancers for ECL‐based bioanalysis and microscopy.
Prediction of SO2 concentration in WFGD system based on GWO optimized CNN‐BiLSTM‐attention
Authors: Tang Minan , Bai Zhongcheng , Qiu Jiandong , Rao Chuntao , Jiang Yude , Sheng Wenxin
Published: November 2024

Due to external disturbances, the parameters of the desulphurization system are uncertain, and their relationships are complex, which makes it difficult to predict the concentration of SO2 at the desulphurization system outlet. In this paper, grey wolf optimization (GWO) optimized convolutional neural network (CNN)‐bi‐directional long short‐term memory (BiLSTM)‐Attention algorithm was used for prediction, and the problem of low SO2 concentration prediction accuracy at outlet has been resolved. First, the outliers of the thermal power plant desulphurization data were processed using the local outlier factor (LOF) algorithm. Secondly, CNN‐BiLSTM model was constructed using CNN and BiLSTM, and attention module was added to realize feature extraction and better capture the regularity of input data. Then, the CNN‐BiLSTM‐Attention model was optimized using GWO and its hyperparameters were improved. Finally, based on the Matlab R2023a platform, the prediction comparison as well as the error analysis of the desulphurization data were carried out. In the prediction of SO2 concentration in low‐flow continuous slurry supply mode, the error of the combined model decreased by 23.2% on average compared to the CNN‐BiLSTM‐Attention model. In the prediction of SO2 concentration in the high‐flow intermittent slurry supply mode, the error of the combined model decreased by 20.8% on average. According to the results, the combined model surpasses both the single model and several other algorithmic combination models in terms of performance metrics, and the predictions are more accurate.
Eco‐friendly Synthesis and Molecular Modelling of 2‐Phenylimidazo[1,2‐b]pyridazine Derivatives: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies for Lead Optimization
Authors: Schiano Marica Erminia , Billi Chiara , Grillo Giorgio , Tkachuk Oleh , De Caro Carmen , Russo Emilio , Comella Federica , Meli Rosaria , Frecentese Francesco , Santagada Vincenzo , Cinque Pierfrancesco , Albrizio Stefania , Persico Marco , Sodano Federica , Fattorusso Caterina , Rimoli Maria Grazia
Published: November 2024

7‐methyl‐2‐phenylimidazo[1,2‐b]pyridazin‐3‐carboxylic acid (DM1) and 6‐methoxy‐2‐phenylimidazo[1,2‐b]pyridazin‐3‐carboxylic acid (DM2) have been shown to act as human (h) Cav3.1 voltage‐gated calcium channel blockers with promising in vivo anti‐absence activity, positioning them as potential antiepileptic drugs. The primary aim of this work was to develop cost‐effective and environmentally friendly synthetic procedures for preparing 2‐phenylimidazo[1,2‐b]pyridazine derivatives. After optimizing the synthesis of this compound class using efficient and green techniques such as microwaves and ultrasound irradiation, we further evaluated the antiepileptic effects of DM1 and DM2 in two animal models: CD‐1 ICR mice after pentylenetetrazol administration and DBA/2 mice with seizures induced by audiogenic stimuli. Their neuroprotective effect against oxidative stress were assessed using C6 rat brain glioma cells. DM1 and DM2 exhibited potent anti‐seizure effects in both animal models and demonstrated significant in vitro neuroprotective activity by reducing reactive oxygen species release. To lay the groundwork for the future rational optimization of this promising class of compounds, the molecular bases of DM1 and DM2 activity were investigated by modelling their interaction with hCav3.1 channels. The calculated binding modes of DM1 and DM2 to hCav3.1 channels partially mirrored that of the selective Cav3.1 blocker Z944, paving the way for future lead optimization.
Immunotherapy‐Induced Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Causing Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Case Report and Review of Current Guidelines
Authors: Disterhaft Patrick , Kerr Caleb , Barnett Daniel , Salloum Moti
Published: November 2024

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are becoming more frequently used in the treatment of many types of malignant cancers by disinhibiting T‐cell activation, which promotes the destruction of cancer cells. This disinhibition can also result in autoimmune conditions, like endocrinopathies.

Case

We report a case of a 78‐year‐old male patient with malignant mesothelioma treated with combination ICI therapy who presented with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) with no history of diabetes mellitus or hyperglycemia. The patient was admitted to the intensive care unit and treated with intravenous (IV) fluid repletion and IV insulin for DKA. The patient was diagnosed with new‐onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) induced by ICI therapy.

Discussion

Approximately 75% of patients diagnosed with ICI‐induced T1DM initially present with DKA. This, along with the rapid onset of hyperglycemia in this patient, suggests current guidelines for monitoring blood glucose are inadequate. Current guidelines recommend monitoring blood glucose at the following times: baseline, at the initiation of each cycle for 12 weeks, and then every 3–6 weeks thereafter. We propose the following schedule for monitoring blood glucose in patients receiving ICI therapy: baseline, twice weekly for the first six cycles, and then once weekly thereafter. This proposed update is supported by our patient's rapid onset of hyperglycemia and other case reports and reviews showing that most patients with this diagnosis have an initial presentation of DKA. Detecting hyperglycemia and starting treatment early is important in the prevention of acute complications from uncontrolled T1DM, like DKA.

Conclusion

This case adds to the existing body of literature and provides support for more frequent monitoring of blood glucose in patients receiving ICI therapy. Blood glucose monitoring is a simple, reliable, low risk, and inexpensive laboratory test that should be used in patients receiving ICI therapy to ensure prompt diagnosis and treatment of T1DM.
Secondary Osteosarcoma After Carbon‐Ion Radiotherapy for Desmoid‐Type Fibromatosis: A Case Report
Authors: Aketo Mizuki , Emori Makoto , Takada Kohichi , Murase Kazuyuki , Arihara Yohei , Shimizu Junya , Murahashi Yasutaka , Okamoto Masahiko , Sugita Shintaro , Teramoto Atsushi
Published: November 2024

Background

Radiotherapy is considered an alternative treatment for unresectable or pharmacologically resistant desmoid‐type fibromatosis. While it results in relatively good local control, the risk of secondary malignancy remains a concern.

Case

We present a case of secondary osteosarcoma after carbon‐ion radiation therapy (CIRT). A 31‐year‐old male patient presented with left thigh pain. The tumor was located between the left gluteus maximus and gluteus medius and extended to the vastus lateralis and biceps femoris. It was diagnosed as desmoid‐type fibromatosis after needle biopsy. The patient was treated with several medications, including a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor and tamoxifen; however, his left thigh pain did not improve. He was treated with CIRT 1 year after diagnosis (67.2 Gy [relative biological effectiveness] 16fr/4wks). He developed osteosarcoma of the left femur 8 years later. He underwent chemotherapy and tumor excision with disarticulation of the left hip. Pulmonary metastasis was detected 6 and 17 months after the definitive surgery and excised using metastasectomy. However, he died due to the recurrence of multiple pulmonary metastases 29 months after the definitive surgery.

Conclusions

In this case, we believe that the low radiation dose to the femur may have caused secondary malignancy.
Cerium Dioxide‐Induced Abundant Cu+/Cu0 Sites for Electrocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to C2+ Products
Authors: Wang Yuwen , Wang Jiajun , Liu Shuang , Zhang Xuan , Jin Lin , Feng Lanlan , Kong Demeng , Zhang Chenxi , Wei Yajuan , Zhang Jingbo
Published: November 2024

In recent years, the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2RR) has made many advances in C2+ production. Cu+/Cu0 site is beneficial for C−C coupling process, but the oxidation state of copper cannot be well maintained during the reaction process, resulting in a decrease in catalyst activity. Based on this consideration, in this work, transition metal oxide CeO2 with a hollow cube structure and oxygen vacancies was introduced to stabilize and increase Cu+/Cu0 active sites (Ce1Cu2). The catalyst exhibits excellent CO2RR performance, with FEC2+ achieving 73.52 % and jC2+ >280 mA/cm2 at 1.26 V (vs. RHE). Ethanol is the main C2+ product and FEethanol reaches 39 % at 1.26 V. The experimental results indicate that the presence of CeO2 provides a large number of oxygen vacancies and forming Cu+‐O2−‐Ce4+ structure by the strong interaction of CeO2 and Cu NPs. The structure of Cu+‐O2−‐Ce4+ and abundant oxygen vacancies lay a good foundation for the CO2 adsorption. Moreover, it increases the content of Cu+/Cu0 sites, effectively inhibiting hydrogen evolution reaction, promoting the C−C coupling interaction, thereby facilitating the generation of C2+ products. The DFT theoretical calculation further demonstrates that Ce1Cu2 is more inclined towards the ethanol pathway, confirming its high selectivity for ethanol.
Mathematical Analysis and Topology Derivation for a Family of Novel Dual Output High‐Voltage Gain Z‐Source Converter for Renewable Energy Application
Authors: Gupta A. , Joshi D.
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a family of multiport Z‐source converters with minimal number of switches and passive components. The paper focuses on the development of a novel converter and its methodology for selecting the topology of common ground/noncommon ground Z‐source DC–DC single‐input dual‐output configurations, aimed at higher power density, enhancing operational efficiency, size, cost, and centralized power management across multiple ports. In comparison to conventional Z‐source single input single output converters, this design achieves high‐voltage conversion rates while concurrently delivering two distinct outputs with and without common ground, rendering it particularly advantageous for electric vehicle and isolated microgrid applications with renewable energy integration. The proposed converters undergo comprehensive analysis and comparison across various potential configurations. Specifically, configurations yielding equivalent output voltages are prioritized, facilitating their utility in multilevel inverter applications. The assessment encompasses the determination of maximum efficiency; voltage stresses on capacitors, diodes, and switches; inductor currents; and ripples under diverse loads and duty cycles for all configurations. Experimental results are provided to showcase the validity and capabilities of these converters. As research efforts on converter topologies continue to grow, it is expected that this paper will enhance comprehension of multiport Z‐source converter topologies ideas for numerous applications.