bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Heat Transfer on the Stagnation Flow of a Third-Order Fluid over a Shrinking Sheet
Authors: Nadeem Sohail , Hussain Anwar , Vajravelu Kuppalapalle
Published: February 2015

This paper is devoted to the study of a stagnation point flow of an incompressible third-order fluid towards a shrinking sheet (with heat transfer). The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are reduced into nonlinear ordinary differential equations by means of a similarity transformation and then solved by the homotopy analysis method. Two types of flow problems, namely, (i) two dimensional stagnation flow toward a shrinking sheet and (ii) axisymmetric stagnation flow towards an axisymmetric shrinking surface have been discussed. Also, two types of boundary conditions are taken into account: (i) prescribed surface temperature (PST) and (ii) prescribed heat flux (PHF) case. The effects of various emerging parameters of non-Newtonian fluid have been investigated in detail and shown pictorically. The convergence of the solutions have been discussed through ¯h-curves and residual error. For further validity, the homotopy Pad´e approximation is also applied.
Numerical Solutions of Fourth-Order Fractional Integro-Differential Equations
Authors: Yıldırım Ahmet , Sezer Sefa Anıl , Kaplan Yasemin
Published: February 2015

In this paper, the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is developed to obtain numerical solutions of linear and nonlinear boundary value problems for fourth-order fractional integro-differential equations. The fractional derivatives are described in the Caputo sense. Some examples are given and comparisons are made; the comparisons show that the homotopy perturbation method is very effective and convenient and overcome the difficulty of traditional methods. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the efficiency, simplicity, and reliability of the method.
Analytical Approach to a Slowly Deforming Channel Flow with Weak Permeability
Authors: Mohyud-Din Syed Tauseef , Yıldırım Ahmet , Sezer Sefa Anıl
Published: February 2015

In this paper, we develop the analytical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations for a semi-infinite rectangular channel with porous and uniformly expanding or contracting walls by employing the homotopy perturbation method (HPM). The series solution of the governing problem is obtained. Some examples have been included. The results so obtained are compared with the existing literature and a remarkable improvement leads to an excellent agreement with the numerical results.
Viscous Flow with Second-Order Slip Velocity over a Stretching Sheet
Authors: Fang Tiegang , Aziz Abdul
Published: February 2015

In this paper, viscous flow with a second-order slip condition over a permeable stretching surface is solved analytically. The current work differs from the previous studies in the application of a new second-order slip velocity model. The closed form solution reported is an exact solution of the full governing Navier-Stokes equations. The effects of slip and mass transfer parameters are discussed.
Slip Effects on the Magnetohydrodynamic Peristaltic Flow of a Maxwell Fluid
Authors: Hayat Tasawar , Hina Sadia , Hendi Awatif A.
Published: February 2015

The influence of slip on the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) peristaltic flow in a planar channel with compliant walls is examined. An incompressible Maxwell fluid saturates the porous medium. An established solution is valid for small wave number. The mathematical expression of the stream function is presented. Several interesting flow parameters are sketched and examined.
Variational Iteration Method for Nonlinear Age-Structured Population Models Using Auxiliary Parameter
Authors: Hosseini Said Muhammad Mehdi , Mohyud-Din Syed Tauseef , Ghaneai Hussain
Published: February 2015

In this paper, we apply He’s variational iteration method (VIM) coupled with an auxiliary parameter which proves very effective to control the convergence region of an approximate solution. Moreover, a convenient way is considered for choosing a suitable auxiliary parameter via a residual function. The proposed algorithm is tested on some nonlinear age-structured population models, and numerical results explicitly reveal the complete reliability, efficiency, and accuracy of the suggested technique. It is observed that the approach may be implemented on other nonlinear models of physical nature.
Piecewise-Truncated Parametric Iteration Method: a Promising Analytical Method for Solving Abel Differential Equations
Authors: Saberi-Nadjafi Jajar , Ghorbani Asghar
Published: February 2015

This paper deals with the analytical approximate solution of Abel differential equations (ADEs) of the type du/dt = Σm
k
=0 gk(t)uk by proposing a new modified version of the parametric iteration method (PIM). The modified algorithm analytically approximates the solution of ADEs in a sequence of subintervals which is continuous everywhere. The local convergence and the stability of the algorithm are discussed in details. Also we show how to characterize the stability function and the region on which the algorithm is presented. Some examples are given to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of this algorithm. Comparison with numerical Runge-Kutta methods (RK) shows that the modified algorithm presented in this paper has the advantage of giving an analytical form of the solution, which is not possible in the purely numerical RK techniques. Moreover, the approximations obtained by the new algorithm converge faster than the numerical RK4 methods, as will be shown. The obtained results reveal that the present algorithm is a promising iterative analytical method for solving ADEs. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm provides us with an easy way to modify the rate and region convergence of the solution. Most promising, however, it seems that the newly developed technique can be further implemented easily to solve other nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) of physical interests.
Resonant Transfer Excitation of Fluorine-Like Mo33+ Ion
Authors: Ramadan Hassan , Elkilany Sabbah
Published: February 2015

Dielectronic recombination (DR) cross sections (σDR) and rate coefficients (αDR) for Mo33+ are calculated using the angular momentum average scheme (AMA). Moreover, the resonant transfer excitation followed by X-ray emission (RTEX) cross sections (σ RTEX) for the collision of Mo33+ with H2 and He targets are calculated and studied. The calculations of the cross sections are performed for both K- and L-shell excitations. A smooth change with the temperatures for αDR is found for all kinds of excitations. The rates for K-shell excitation are very small in comparison with the rates for Lshell excitation. The RTEX cross sections for Mo33+ ions are obtained from their corresponding DR cross sections by the method of folding in the impulse approximation (IMA). σ RTEX for the K-shell excitation shows two overlapped peaks which may be attributed to the two groups in this excitation process. The present calculations are considered as a database for future comparison with theoretical and experimental data using other coupling schemes. Multiple Auger channels are complicating the dependence of the cross sections on principal quantum numbers.
A Chaotic Map and Data Communication
Authors: Steeb Willi-Hans , Hardy Yorick
Published: February 2015

We show how the symmetric tent map can be used for data communication
Periodic Wave Solutions of a Generalized KdV-mKdV Equation with Higher-Order Nonlinear Terms
Authors: Li Zi-Liang
Published: February 2015

The Jacobin doubly periodic wave solution, the Weierstrass elliptic function solution, the bell-type solitary wave solution, the kink-type solitary wave solution, the algebraic solitary wave solution, and the triangular solution of a generalized Korteweg-de Vries-modified Korteweg-de Vries equation (GKdV-mKdV) with higher-order nonlinear terms are obtained by a generalized subsidiary ordinary differential equation method (Gsub-ODE method for short). The key ideas of the Gsub-ODE method are that the periodic wave solutions of a complicated nonlinear wave equation can be constructed by means of the solutions of some simple and solvable ODE which are called Gsub-ODE with higherorder nonlinear terms
Adomian Decomposition Method for Approximating the Solutions of the Bidirectional Sawada-Kotera Equation
Authors: Lai Xian-Jing , Cai Xiao-Ou
Published: February 2015

In this paper, the decomposition method is implemented for solving the bidirectional Sawada- Kotera (bSK) equation with two kinds of initial conditions. As a result, the Adomian polynomials have been calculated and the approximate and exact solutions of the bSK equation are obtained by means of Maple, such as solitary wave solutions, doubly-periodic solutions, two-soliton solutions. Moreover, we compare the approximate solution with the exact solution in a table and analyze the absolute error and the relative error. The results reported in this article provide further evidence of the usefulness of the Adomian decomposition method for obtaining solutions of nonlinear problems
Magnetohydrodynamic Three-Dimensional Flowof a Second-Grade Fluid with Heat Transfer
Authors: Hayat Tasawar , Nawaz Muhammad
Published: February 2015

An analysis has been carried out for the heat transfer on steady boundary layer flow of a secondgrade fluid bounded by a stretching sheet. The magnetohydrodynamic nature of the fluid is considered in the presence of Hall and ion-slip currents. The nonlinear mathematical problem is computed by a powerful tool, namely, the homotopy analysis method (HAM). A comparative study between the present and existing limiting results is carefully made. Convergence regarding the obtained solution is discussed. Skin friction coefficients and Nusselt number are analyzed. Effects of embedded parameters on the dimensionless velocities and temperature are examined
Heat Transfer Analysis on the Peristaltic Motion with Slip Effects
Authors: Hayat Tasawar , Asghar Zaheer
Published: February 2015

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the combined effects of heat transfer and slip characteristics of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) fluid with variable viscosity in a channel. The slip condition is imposed in terms of shear stress. An analysis is performed to derive the perturbation solution for long wavelength and small Reynolds number assumptions. Expressions of stream function, temperature and heat transfer coefficient are constructed and discussed
Theoretical Study of the Absorption Spectrum and the Thermochemistry of the CF3OSO3 Radical
Authors: Cobos Carlos J. , Croce Adela E.
Published: February 2015

The UV-visible absorption spectrum of the recently reported CF3OSO3 radical has been studied by using the time-dependent generalization of the density functional theory (TDDFT). For this a set of eleven hybrid functionals combined with the 6-311+G(3df) basis set were employed. The main features of the three experimental absorption bands of CF3OSO3 recorded over the 220 - 530 nm range are well reproduced by the calculations. A dissociation enthalpy for the CF3O-SO3 bond of 19.1 kcal mol−1 is predicted at the BAC-G3MP2//B3LYP/6-311+G(3df) level of theory
Group Invariant Solution for a Liquid Film on the Surface of a Sphere
Authors: Naz Rehana , Mason David P. , Naeem Imran
Published: February 2015

When a circular jet of liquid strikes a sphere normal to the tangent plane at a point, a liquid film is formed on the surface of the sphere. This is a new problem. The flow in the liquid film is studied by means of boundary layer theory for laminar flow. The governing equations are Prandtl’s momentum boundary layer equation and the continuity equation. To solve the problem completely a conserved quantity is required as well as boundary conditions. The conserved quantity for the film of liquid on the sphere is derived with the help of a conserved vector. Two conservation laws for the system have been obtained by Naeem and Naz (Int. J. Nonlin. Sci. 7, 149 (2009)), and one of these is used to derive the conserved quantity for the liquid film. A stream function is introduced which reduces the system to a single third-order partial differential equation. The group invariant solution for this partial differential equation is constructed by considering a linear combination of its Lie point symmetries. The velocity profile of the liquid film on the sphere is investigated.
Symmetry Analysis of Boundary Layer Equations of an Upper Convected Maxwell Fluid with Magnetohydrodynamic Flow
Authors: Deǧer Gözde , Pakdemirli Mehmet , Aksoy Yiǧit
Published: February 2015

Steady state boundary layer equations of an upper convected Maxwell fluid with magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow are considered. The strength of the magnetic field is assumed to be variable with respect to the location. Using Lie group theory, group classification of the equations with respect to the variable magnetic field is performed. General boundary conditions including stretching sheet and injection are taken. Restrictions imposed by the boundary conditions on the symmetries are discussed. Special functional forms of boundary conditions for which similarity solutions may exist are derived. Using the symmetries, similarity solutions are presented for the case of constant strength magnetic field. Stretching sheet solutions with or without injection are presented. Effects of physical parameters on the solutions are depicted.
Equilibrium Geometries, Stabilities, and Electronic Properties of the Bimetallic Ag2-doped Sin (n=1 – 11) Clusters: A Density-Functional Investigation
Authors: Zhao Ya-Ru , Kuang Xiao-Yu , Wang Su-Juan , Li Yan-Fang , Lu Peng
Published: February 2015

An ab initio method based on the density functional theory has been employed to investigate the behaviours of the bimetallic Ag2-doped silicon clusters at a size of n = 1 - 11. The possible geometrical configurations, growth-pattern behaviours, stabilities, energy gaps, and electronic properties are presented and discussed. The optimized geometries reveal that the silicon atom surface-capped and silver atom substituted 3D structures are dominant growth patterns. The calculated averaged binding energy, fragmentation energy, and the second-order difference of energy manifest that the most stable structures of Ag2Sin (n = 1 - 11) clusters are Ag2Si2 and Ag2Si5 isomers, which is in qualitative agreement with the AgSin clusters. In addition, the gap between highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) exhibits that the Ag2Si3 and Ag2Si5 isomers have dramatically enhanced chemical stability. Natural population analysis shows that the charge-transfer phenomena are coincidence with the AgSin clusters but different from Mo2Sin systems. Furthermore, the dipole moments of stable Ag2Sin (n = 1 - 11) display a pronounced odd-even oscillation with the number of silicon atoms.
A Density Functional Study of LinCl (n=1 – 7) Clusters
Authors: Şentürk Şükrü
Published: February 2015

The equilibrium geometries, relative stabilities, and electronic properties of LinCl (n = 1 - 7) clusters were investigated within the density functional theory (DFT). The lowest energy structures reveal that the impurity chlorine atom prefers the apex position with the coordination number two except the Li6Cl. From dissociation energy, second-order energy differences, and the energy gaps between highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO), LinCl (n=1;3; 5) clusters are more stable within the studied cluster range. The binding energy per atom decreases as the cluster size increases, hence the clusters become more reactive when doped with the chlorine atom.
Taylor-Couette Flow of an Oldroyd-B Fluid in an Annulus Due to a Time-Dependent Couple
Authors: Fetecau Corina , Imran Muhammad , Fetecau Constantin
Published: February 2015

Taylor-Couette flow in an annulus due to a time-dependent torque suddenly applied to one of the cylinders is studied by means of finite Hankel transforms. The exact solutions, presented under series form in terms of usual Bessel functions, satisfy both the governing equations and all imposed initial and boundary conditions. They can easily be reduced to give similar solutions for Maxwell, second grade, and Newtonian fluids performing the same motion. Finally, some characteristics of the motion, as well as the influence of the material parameters on the behaviour of the fluid, are emphasized by graphical illustrations.
On the π-Electron Content of Rings in Benzenoid Parallelograms
Authors: Došlić Tomislav
Published: February 2015

We make use of the classical correspondence between Kekulé structures and lattice paths to obtain explicit formulas for the Pauling bond order of edges in benzenoid parallelograms. These formulas are further used to establish the average π-electron content of hexagonal rings in such benzenoids. We then compare this quantity with the atom-based π-electron content of rings, and study the local and the asymptotic behaviour of their difference.
Analytical Evaluation of the Nonlinear Vibration of Coupled Oscillator Systems
Authors: Bayat Mahmoud , Shahidi Mehran , Barari Amin , Domairry Ganji
Published: February 2015

We consider periodic solutions for nonlinear free vibration of conservative, coupled mass-spring systems with linear and nonlinear stiffnesses. Two practical cases of these systems are explained and introduced. An analytical technique called energy balance method (EBM) was applied to calculate approximations to the achieved nonlinear differential oscillation equations where the displacement of the two-mass system can be obtained directly from the linear second-order differential equation using the first order of the current approach. Compared with exact solutions, just one iteration leads us to high accuracy which is valid for a wide range of vibration amplitudes as indicated in the presented examples.
Adomian Decomposition and Variational Iteration Methods for Solving a Problem Arising in Modelling of Biological Species Living Together
Authors: Tatari Mehdi , Haghighi Mahboobeh , Dehghan Mehdi
Published: February 2015

Adomian decomposition and He’s variational iteration methods are analytical techniques, which can be used for solving various kinds of problems. The main property of these methods is in their flexibility and ability to solve nonlinear equations accurately. In this paper, the decomposition method and the variational iteration technique are explained, and their merits as well as their drawbacks are discussed. Then a new implementation of these methods is proposed, which yields an approximate solution with high accuracy in large regions and less computational efforts. A system of integro differential equations arising in modelling of the biological species [1] living together is employed to show how these techniques work efficiently.
Application of Optimal Homotopy Analysis Method for Solitary Wave Solutions of Kuramoto-Sivashinsky Equation
Authors: Wang Qi
Published: February 2015

In this paper, the optimal homotopy analysis method is applied to find the solitary wave solutions of the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation. With three auxiliary convergence-control parameters, whose possible optimal values can be obtained by minimizing the averaged residual error, the method used here provides us with a simple way to adjust and control the convergence region of the solution. Compared with the usual homotopy analysis method, the optimal method can be used to get much faster convergent series solutions.
Thermal Steady States of Gases in a Gravitational Field
Authors: Kigoshi Kunihiko
Published: February 2015

This paper presents results on observations of a temperature difference between the top and bottom of a vessel filled with gas in a gravitational field. The observed temperature at the top of the vessel was always lower than the temperature at the bottom of the vessel, and this temperature difference was persistent and steady over more than 20 h. The magnitude of the temperature difference depends on the types of gas molecules present but is independent of the gas pressure in the vessel within the range from 2.7×104 Pa to 27 Pa. A temperature difference between the top and the bottom is only observed along the vertical direction and is only observed when the vessel contains a gas. These experimental results indicate a gravity effect on molecular heat transfer which enables the transport of energy in the gas without a thermal gradient.
Painlevé Analysis for Supersymmetric Extensions of the Sawada-Kotera Equation
Authors: Li Li , Zhang Meng-Xia , Lv Shu-Qiang
Published: February 2015

In this paper, Painlevé analysis of supersymmetric extensions of the Sawada-Kotera (SK) equation is performed. It is shown that only two simple supersymmetric extensions of the Sawada-Kotera equation pass the Painlevé test. One of them was proposed by Tian and Liu, the other one is a Bextension of the SK equation.
Uniqueness of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili and Boussinesq Equations
Authors: Ma Wen-Xiu , Pekcan Aslı
Published: February 2015

The Kadomtsev-Petviashvili and Boussinesq equations (uxxx -6uux)x -utx ±uyy = 0; (uxxx - 6uux)x +uxx ±utt = 0; are completely integrable, and in particular, they possess the three-soliton solution. This article aims to expose a uniqueness property of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) and Boussinesq equations in the integrability theory. It is shown that the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili and Boussinesq equations and their dimensional reductions are the only integrable equations among a class of generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili and Boussinesq equations (ux1x1x1 - 6uux1 )x1 + ΣM
i;j=1aijuxixj = 0; where the aij’s are arbitrary constants and M is an arbitrary natural number, if the existence of the three-soliton solution is required
Approximate Analytical Solution of a Nonlinear Boundary Value Problem and its Application in Fluid Mechanics
Authors: Ebaid Abdelhalim
Published: February 2015

Although the decomposition method and its modified form were used during the last two decades by many authors to investigate various scientific models, a little attention was devoted for their applications in the field of fluid mechanics. In this paper, the Adomian decomposition method (ADM) is implemented for solving the nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) describing the peristaltic flow of a power-law fluid in a circular cylindrical tube under the effect of a magnetic field. The numerical solutions obtained in this paper show the effectiveness of Adomian’s method over the perturbation technique
Effects of Viscous Dissipation and Joule Heating on Natural Convection Flow of a Viscous Fluid from Heated Vertical Wavy Surface
Authors: Elgazery Nasser S. , Elazem Nader Y. Abd
Published: February 2015

A mathematical model will be analyzed in order to study the effects of viscous dissipation and Ohmic heating (Joule heating) on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) natural convection flow of a temperature dependent viscosity from heated vertical wavy surface. The present physical problem is studied numerically by using the appropriate variables, which reduce the complex wavy surface into a flat one. An implicit marching Chebyshev collocation scheme is employed for the analysis. Numerical solutions are obtained for velocity, temperature, local skin friction, and Nusselt number for a selection of parameter sets consisting of Eckert number, Prandtl number, MHD variation, and amplitude-wavelength ratio parameter. Numerical results show that these parameters have significant influences on the velocity and the temperature profiles as well as for the local skin friction and Nusselt number
Unexpected Formation of a 1,2-Dichloroacenaphthylene in a Friedel-Crafts Reaction with Chloral Hydrate
Authors: Schwolow Sonja , Schollmeyer Dieter , Opatz Till
Published: February 2015

An unprecedented rearrangement was encountered during an attempted alkylation of an electron-rich naphthalene with chloral hydrate. The reaction produced a dichlorinated acenaphthylene and presumably involves the intermediate formation of a chloronium ion which is opened to produce the five-membered ring of the final product.
On the Formation and 1H NMR-spectroscopic Characterization of N,N-Diaryl-substituted Formamide Chlorides
Authors: Schönewerk Jens , Hartmann Horst
Published: February 2015

The reaction of N,N-diaryl-substituted formamides with oxalyl chloride gives rise, instead to the formation of the expected salt-like formamide chlorides, to the formation of corresponding non-ionic N-dichloromethyl-substituted diarylamines.
Orthoamides and Iminium Salts, LXXV [1]. Contribution to the Formation of 2-Formyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine and the Isomeric 1,1-Dimethyl-3-dimethylaminomethylene-urea
Authors: Kantlehner Willi , Ivanov Ivo C. , Tiritiris Ioannis
Published: February 2015

2-Formyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine (1) could be prepared from tris(dimethylamino)ethoxymethane (3a) and formamide (4). Surprisingly, guanidine 1 does not result from the reaction of 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine with formylating reagents such as dimethylamino-methoxy-acetonitrile (8) or the N,N-dimethylformamide-dimethylsulfate adduct (9), rather the isomeric 1,1-dimethyl-3- dimethylaminomethylene-urea (2) is formed. The structure of 2 was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and crystal structure analysis.
Ruthenium- and Rhodium-catalyzed Carbenoid Reactions of Diazoesters in Hexaalkylguanidinium-based Ionic Liquids
Authors: Large Torsten , Müller Tobias , Kunkel Helene , Buck Stefan , Maas Gerhard
Published: February 2015

Hexaalkylguanidinium-based room-temperature ionic liquids were investigated as solvents for the cyclopropanation of styrene with diazoacetates catalyzed by Rh2(OAc)4 or [Ru2(μ-OAc)2(CO)4]n. While the yields of the formed cyclopropanes are much lower compared to the reactions performed in dichloromethane, the diastereomeric ratio is not significantly affected by the change of the reaction medium. Immobilization of the catalysts is only partially successful. In contrast to this intermolecular reaction, the Ru-catalyzed formation of a β -lactam by an intramolecular carbenoid C-H insertion of an α-methoxycarbonyl-α-diazoacetamide occurs in high yield, similar to the Rh2(OAc)4-catalyzed reaction. The cis → trans isomerization of the resulting 1-tert-butyl-3-methoxycarbonyl-4-phenylazetidin- 2-one is accelerated in the ionic liquid N,N-dibutyl-N’ ,N’-diethyl-N’,N’-dihexylguanidinium triflate.
Bromination of 1-Hydroxyimidazoles. Synthesis and Crystal Structures
Authors: Laus Gerhard , Wurs Klaus , Kahlenberg Volker , Schottenberger Herwig
Published: February 2015

Bromination of 1-hydroxyimidazole 3-oxide and 1-hydroxy-2-methylimidazole 3-oxide using bromine in acetic acid gave 2-bromo-1,3-dihydroxyimidazole hydrobromide and 4,5-dibromo-1,3-dihydroxy- 2-methylimidazole hydrobromide, respectively. In contrast, bromination in aqueous mixture (acetic acid, methanol, dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran) yielded 2,4,5-tribromo-1-hydroxyimidazole. Crystal structures of four compounds were determined by X-ray diffraction.
Synthesis of a Pyrazol-3-ylidene Palladium Complex, Pyrazolium Salts and Mesomeric Betaines of Pyrazole as N-Heterocyclic Carbene Precursors
Authors: Dreger Andrij , Nieger Martin , Drafz Martin , Schmidt Andreas
Published: February 2015

The synthesis of a pyrazol-3-ylidene palladium complex is described, and results of a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study are presented. The properties of pyrazolium salts as well as of two types of heterocyclic mesomeric betaines, the pseudo-cross-conjugated mesomeric betaine pyrazolium-3- carboxylate and its cross-conjugated analog pyrazolium-4-carboxylate, are compared.
A Surprising Formation of Novel Bridged Bis-Benzimidazoles by Oxidation of Diaminoquinoxalines
Authors: Preßler Jens , Beckert Rainer , Rau Sven , Menzel Roberto , Birckner Eckhard , Günther Wolfgang , Görls Helmar
Published: February 2015

A synthesis of novel hexacyclic bis-benzimidazoles 6 starting from 2,3-diarylamino-quinoxalines via an oxidative cyclization cascade is described. These very stable and high-melting derivatives are featured by their strong fluorescence in the blue region of the visible spectrum. The cyclization reaction between 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline and 1,2-phenylenediamine did not lead to derivatives of type 6. In this case, only fluoflavine 7 was isolated quantitatively.
“Content to be Pressed”
Authors: Mead Christopher
Published: February 2015

This essay explores the intersection of print, anatomy, and eucharistic language in Robert Burton’s The Anatomy of Melancholy.
Bodies of Lenin
Authors: Yurchak Alexei
Published: February 2015

This essay analyzes the project of maintaining the body of V. I. Lenin in the Lenin Mausoleum in Moscow for the past ninety years. It focuses on the materiality of this particular body, the unique biological science that developed around the project, and the peculiar political role this body has performed.
THE IMMUNOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF POPULATION OF KARAKUL LAMBS BUCCINATED AGAINST CONDITIONALLY AND ACUTE PATHOGENOUS BACTERIA
Authors: Ruzikulov Rachmatullo
Published: February 2015

Antibodies, developing in animal and human organisms against antigens of external and internal origin are not limited with opsonization functions, lying on the base of formation of humoral immunity. Being the product of somatic mutations of plasmatic cells, according to clonal selection theory of immunity, they themselves are also alien proteins for organisms. Thus, they themselves also begin to display antigen pressure on the immune competent system. So, they will start themselves the elaboration of antibodies against them, which are called anti–idiotypic ones. Anti–idiotypic antibodies, imitating the corresponding bacterial and virus antigens are able to initiate the immune response of animal organism against them, which play great immune modulating role.
The immunological structure of populations of Karakul sheep lambs vaccinated against E. coli bacteria, salmonellosis and anthrax antigen from the age of 2–3 days till 2–3 weeks was studied. Experiments were carried out in the 1–2, 3–4, 5–6, 7–8, 9–10 and 11–12 weeks old Karakul lambs. Experimental lambs during appraisal were vaccinated once by associated hydroxide aluminum form vaccine against paratyphoid and coli bacteriosis of calves, pigs and lambs. In another experiment, the lambs were immunized by rare naturally occurring bacterial antigen. As such an immunogenic was selected sterile soluble anthrax antigen. Developed and tested in the application of Ascoli reaction the role of anti–idiotype antibodies in the formation of natural immunity against opportunistic pathogens identified the nature of normal antibodies was studied. The nature of wavelike character of the immune reaction of an organism of newborn animals of vaccination was revealed. Also the immunomodulation role of anti–idiotypic antibodies was determined.
ESTIMATING THE PREVALENCE OF POLYPHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN ONIONS (ALLIUM CEPA L.) AND THEIR PRODUCTS
Authors: Lachowicz Sabina
Published: February 2015

Onion is vegetable with good nutrition and its growth could stand different kinds condition. It’s medical properties attract researchers attention. The author characterized the preparations and the phenolic compounds from fresh onions (red, yellow, white and shallots) mild pickles in brine and syrup using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer (UPLC-PDA-MS). The results are reasonable and analysis is acceptable. The test material was identified: quercetin, isorhamnetin and derivatives of these compounds. The total content of phenolic compounds in fresh onions ranged from 0.72 to 89.47 mg.100g-1 dry weight, mild pickles in brine from 5.39 to 0.31 mg.100g-1, syrup from 2.85 to 0.31 mg.l-1. Polyphenol content was highest in fresh onions, and much lower in the material subjected marinating process.
EVALUATION OF REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMENCE OF DOVES AFTER TREATMENT WITH INSEMINATION DOSE IMPLEMENTER HEPARIN
Authors: Fik Martin , Parkányi VladimÃ­r , Ondruška Ä½ubomÃ­r , Malíková Lenka
Published: February 2015

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of implementer heparin on the interaction follicles - sperm, conceptual ratio and the number of pups born in inseminated doves inseminated The experimental group was inseminated with 0.5 ml insemination dose inseminated 15 min. incubation with heparin (25 000 IU / l ml) of concentrations of 0.06 ml / 0.5 ml / ID (0.06 ml = 10 mg). The control group was inseminated with 0.5 ml insemination dose without implementer. The addition of heparin implementer has led to an increase in the reproductive performance in vitro and in vivo. Number of zygotes with two pronucleus represented in the control group 74.5% of the total number of follicles stranded in the group. In the experimental group, the number of zygotes with two pronucleus accounted for 81.08% of the total number of follicles stranded in the group. In vivo, we found a conceptual ratio 89.28% with an average number of live pups per litter 10.64 ± 3.41 pc in experimental doves. In the control group the conceptual ratio was 72.00% with an average number of pups per litter 8.55 ± 3.22 pc. The conceptual relation between the control K and experimental GAG group of doves has show a statistically significant difference (χ24, 15 +). In the number of live born pups between control K and experimental GAG group a statistically significant difference (2.02 + T41) was observed too.
LACTIC ACID BACTERIA FLORA OF KONYA KUFLU CHEESE: A TRADITIONAL CHEESE FROM KONYA PROVINCE IN TURKEY
Authors: Guley Ziba , R. Uysal Harun , Kilic Sevda
Published: February 2015

The aim of this study was to characterize the lactic acid bacteria flora of mature Konya Kuflu cheese. Konya Kuflu cheese is a traditional blue cheese which is produced from raw milk without starter culture addition and mould growth occurs in uncontrolled conditions during its ripening. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from 9 mature Konya Kuflu cheese samples were investigated using a combination of conventional biochemical tests, API test kits, and molecular approaches. For some isolates, different results were obtained according to the identification technique. The overall LAB profile of Konya Kuflu cheese samples revealed that Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus paracasei/Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus faecalis are the predominant species. In addition, 1 Pediococcus parvulus and 1 Enterococcus durans were also identified.
EFFICACY OF PROBIOTICS INTAKE ON INTERNAL MILIEU OF HENS
Authors: Mellen Martin , Kalafová Anna , Arpašová Henrieta , Kačániová Miroslava , Capcarova Marcela
Published: February 2015

The aim of present study was to evaluate the functional efficiency of probiotic preparation on selected blood biochemical parameters of ISA Brown hens. Feed in the experimental group of hens was enriched with a probiotic preparation in the dose of 500g.t-1 consisted of freeze-dried cultures: Lactobacillus bulgaricus LAT 187, L. acidophilus LAT 180, L. helveticus LAT 179, L. delbrueckii ssp. Lactis LAT 182, Streptococcus thermophiles LAT 205, Enterococcus faecium E-253 with concentration of 5.109 (CFU LAB) living organisms in 1 gram. Blood samples were collected in 25 and 48 week of hens’ age. Biochemical parameters of mineral profile (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chlorides), energetic profile (plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, total proteins, bilirubin, glucose), and activities of serum liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase AST, alanine aminotransferase ALT, alkaline phosphatase ALP) were analysed using Ecoline kits and a semi-automated clinical chemistry analyser Microlab 300 (Vilat Scientific, Dieren, The Nederland). Probiotic preparation reduced (P
INHIBITION OF COXACKIE VIRUS B3 IN MICE USING METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CALLIANDRA HAEMATOCEPHALA
Authors: Shaheen Mohamed , El-Gamal Mamdouh , Mousa Adel , Mostafa Samy , El-Esnawy Nagwa
Published: February 2015

Coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3) represents current major threats to public health and considers as an important viral pathogen related to viral myocarditis. We determined the safety of methanolic extract of Calliandra haematocephala in non-infected mice then two safe doses were selected to be evaluated in infected mice with CVB3 by determining the morbidity, mortality, heart to body weight ratio (HW/BW), virus titers in heart tissue. The effect of the extract on the heart tissues and the activities LDH, AST, and CK enzymes in the mice infected with CVB3 were also determined. Our results recorded that the methanolic extract at 100 mg/kg body was safe dose in mice and didn’t shown significant changes in funtions or histological structures of liver and kindey in non-infected mice and therefore we used 100 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg to be evaluated in infected mice with CVB3. We observed that the methaolic extract of Calliandra haematocephala leaves at the two doses decreased the morbidity, mortality, HW/BW, virus titers, necrosis and mononuclear cell infiltration. The levels of LDH, AST, and CK enzymes were also reduced in the treated infected mice compared with those untreated infected mice. This result suggested that the methaolic extract of Calliandra haematocephala may represent a potential antiviral drug to treatment viral myocarditis
PROTEIN EXTRACTION OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS) FOR PROTEOMIC 2 – DE ANALYSIS
Authors: Gregová Edita , Kuťka Hlozáková TÃ­mea , Šliková Svetlana , Gálová Zdenka
Published: February 2015

A strength of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D PAGE) is its ability to resolve and investigate the abundance of several thousand proteins in a single sample. Two different extraction procedures for two-dimensional electrophoresis of plant proteins are compared in this work. Phenol-based extraction methods have been mainly used to extract proteins from different organs or tissues on many species. We wanted to determine which of these protocols was optimal for starch plants in order to achieve both efficient protein extraction and high spot resolution on 2-D gels. The phenol-based protocol was superior to the sodium phosphatase methods, showing larger protein yields and greater spot resolution on 2-D gels.
IDENTIFICATION OF GYMNEMA SPECIES BY RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA TECHNIQUE AND CHLOROPLAST trnK GENE
Authors: Sekar Subashini , Jayachandran Subburaj , Viswanathan Kodukkur Pugalendi
Published: February 2015

Gymnema is one of the important anti-diabetic medicinal plants used from ancient times and is commonly known as ‘sugar killer’. Most of its species have been used in many applications in Indian traditional medicine. Nevertheless, their efficiency is critically dependent on the use of the correct material. The sharing of similar vernacular name and morphological features make confusion in the usage of Gymnema species. In the present study, Gymnema sp. were identified through random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique and species specific markers were generated for easy identification of G. elegans, G. montanum and G. sylvestre. Using the RAPD techniques of 3 species specific markers for G. sylvestre, 7 markers for G. elegans and 4 markers for G. montanum had been generated. Highest genetic identity was found between G. sylvestre and G. montanum and highest genetic distance was found between G. sylvestre and G. elegans. Further, DNA barcode was developed by sequencing chloroplast partial trnK DNA of these three species. No significant variation was found in partial trnK gene sequences between Gymnema species. But these sequences can efficiently differentiate the Gymnema and Mandevilla species. In-silico sequence–restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis revealed three fragments measuring G. sylvestre - 204, G. elegans - 174, and G. montanum - 168 bp Gymnema species. The present study concluded that RAPD markers were highly efficient for species detection than the partial trnK gene sequences. This could be used to confirm the Gymnema sp. identities and to ensure their safe application in pharmaceuticals.
THE USE OF DIFFERENT PROTEASES TO HYDROLYZE GLIADINS
Authors: Socha Peter , Mickowska Barbara , Urminská Dana , Kačmárová Kvetoslava
Published: February 2015

Gliadins represent alcohol-soluble fraction of wheat storage proteins which is responsible for development of celiac disease. The only and effective treatment for celiac disease is strict adherence to a gluten-free diet excluding any food made with wheat, as well as rye, barley and possibly oat flour. Enzymatic modification of wheat gliadins seems to be an alternative method for decreasing of celiac activity. The aim of our study was a trial of enzymatic modification of wheat gliadins using fungal (Aspergillus sp., Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger) and bacterial (Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus thermoproteolyticus, Streptomyces griseus) proteases. The reaction was performed up to 60 min, stopped by addition of appropriate synthetic inhibitor and products of limited proteolysis were analyzed by SDS-PAGE method. From fungal proteases most effective proteolytic activity was observed using acid proteinase from A. niger since wheat gliadins and low molecular weight peptides were completely degraded. Bacterial proteases form B. licheniformis and B. thermoproteolyticus acted very effective and as the result of hydrolysis, the products of lower molecular weight (
COULD MUSHROOMS ACT AS CONCENTRATION PATHWAYS TO INTERNAL CONTAMINA-TION OF SOME MARGINALIZED COMMUNITIES BY 137CS IN SLOVAKIA?
Authors: Miššík Juraj , Puskeiler Ä½ubomÃ­r , Moravcová Petra , Árvay JÃºlius , Urminská Dana
Published: February 2015

The aim of this study was to obtain some preliminary data necessary for the assessment of the possible existence of small-area local sources of contaminated mushrooms in forested areas with comparatively low inventory of man-made 137Cs. On the study plot near Čierne-Svrčinovec (North-western Slovakia) 31 samples were collected during periodic sampling in the years 2012-2013 and analysed by gamma-spectrometry. Activities 137Cs in mushrooms from entire sampling plot followed the lognormal distribution with extremely high variation and high positive skew, with projected three-sigma (99.75%) range from 0.49 Bq.kg-1 to 1537 Bq.kg-1 (dry weight, d.w.) and with geometrical average of 27.4 Bq.kg-1 (d.w.). Another 11 samples were collected or bought from roadside vendors living in Roma slums near villages Richnava and Kluknava (Spiš region, eastern Slovakia). Obtained edible wild mushrooms were in a good shape despite prolonged drought indicating existence of well hidden forested sites in slum surroundings. Highest activity of 137Cs in this set was recorded in Boletus edulis (263.3 ± 20.3) Bq.kg-1 (d.w.). Both geometric mean (49.0 Bq.kg-1) and expectation value (91.2 Bq.kg-1 d.w.) of lognormal distribution were higher than that of the study plot on NW Slovakia. No sample exceeded the legal radiohygienic limit for radiocesium contamination. The limited extent of presented study only slightly indicates the possibility of slow changes in spatial redistribution of bioavailable 137Cs in forest ecosystem. However, available data on this subject from different sources suggest that there is no reason for massive occurrence of highly contaminated fruiting bodies in small areas surrounding settlements, where some critical groups of individuals, who are used to consume large amounts of mushrooms from limited geographical area could in such case develop significant internal contamination.
DYNAMIC OF CHANGES OF BLOOD PLASMA ENERGY METABOLISM PARAMETERS IN SUCKLING COWS DURING CALVING INTERVAL
Authors: Pavlik Ales
Published: February 2015

In this study, effect of environmental condition changes during gazing period on energy metabolism parameters was investigated. Totally 40 Aberdeen Angus cows were selected for observation. Calving all of cows was situated into March. The feeding ration for the animals was comprised by pasture during the grazing period and corn silage, hay and granulated distiller’s grains during the winter period. At average age 9 days before calving, and subsequently 10, 81, 151, 189 and 273 days after calving, blood was sampled and analysed for glucose and NEFA (non-esterified fatty acid) concentrations on KONELAB T20xt automatic analyser (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Finland) and currently available commercial kits (Biovendor-Laboratorni medicina, Czech Republic). A rapid increase (p < 0.05) of glucose concentration was detected in blood plasma of cows in period before calving to 81 days post partum. Average value of glucose concentration at 273 days postpartum was significant (p < 0.05) lower comparing to day 189. The highest concentrations of NEFA in blood plasma of cows were found at 10 day postpartum. After that, during the persisted higher temperature period the NEFA concentration decreased significantly (p < 0.01) till 189 days postpartum. At the end of monitored period concentration of NEFA in blood plasma significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Changes of hot and cold season during the grazing period probably according to forage quality and had significant effects on blood plasma NEFA and glucose concentrations.
An historical record for the distribution of Euphractus sexcinctus (Xenarthra, Cingulata, Dasypodidae) in Argentina
Authors: Sánchez Tatiana , Krapovickas Lucía , Díaz M. Mónica , Barquez Rubén M.
Published: February 2015

The early distribution of Euphractus sexcinctus in central-southwestern Argentina is here confirmed through an historical record from La Rioja province that was found at the Buenos Aires “Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia”, and neglected since 1935. The specimen corresponds to a complete head, with skull included, preserved in alcohol, collected by Dr. Salvador Mazza.
Sheep in the Polish Carpathians: genetic resources conservation of the Podhale zackel and coloured mountain sheep
Authors: Kawęcka Aldona , Krupiński Jędrzej
Published: February 2015

Native breeds of sheep in the Polish Carpathians (Polish Mountain Sheep, Podhale Zackel,
Coloured Mountain Sheep) are very well adapted to the local environmental conditions, undemanding in feed and highly resistant to adverse living conditions. They play an important role in
rural tourism as a component of landscape, folk culture and supplier of many valuable products. To
save local breeds from extinction and preserve valuable characteristics in the population they were
included in the sheep genetic resources conservation program, while the national agri-environmental program provides breeders with financial support. Podhale Zackels accompanied man during the period when the wild Carpathian areas were being settled and became a permanent feature
of the highlander economy and culture. Coloured Mountain Sheep were kept by mountaineers due
to the dark hue of their wool and skin, used to produce regional dresses and decorative elements.
Mountain breeds are a multipurpose sheep. They give milk for production of traditional products (oscypek, bundz, bryndza, redykolka, żentyca), wool and delicious meat. Podhale Lamb, derived from mountain sheep, gained the status of Protected Geographical Indication.
Mountain and hilly areas development in Poland — aspects of agricultural policy
Authors: Pijanowski Zenon
Published: February 2015

This study is an attempt to assess the development of agricultural, rural and mountain areas in
Poland from 1918 to 2012 with regard to structural policy conceived as a part of the agricultural
policy. The paper describes the methodology and organizational requirements for modernizing
or creating new investment process that would shape and develop rural areas.
Under Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) implemented in Poland mountain and hilly areas
were designated for development. However, financial support for these regions is minimal. Rural
and especially mountain areas of Małopolska have very disadvantageous agrarian structure. The
economical size of about 86% of farms does not exceed 2 on the ESU scale.
The agricultural and forest production areas have marginal significance in spatial development plans of the communes. This is the reason why these areas require new land management programs, which should be preceded by a thorough analysis of the status quo. Engagement
of citizens, village councils and community authorities united under the banner of “Family +
Tradition + Education + Innovation” is required in the elaboration process of these programs.
These engineering projects should be financed through the CAP and cohesion policy funds.