bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of tirzepatide in overweight or obese adults without diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Liu Ligang , Nahata Milap , Shi Hekai , Sun Yuxiao , Xie Merilyn
Published: April 2024

Background:
Tirzepatide has been studied for individuals with obesity without diabetesin randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
Objectives:
The summarize the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide to guide clinical practice.
Methods:
Databases were searched to identify RCTs that compared tirzepatide with any treatments in this population. Meta-analyses were conducted to compare tirzepatide versus placebo. Standard mean difference (SMD) or risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used as appropriate.
Results:
Three RCTs with 3901 participants were included. Tirzepatide caused weight loss of 18.73% (95% CI: -21.31 to -16.15) versus placebo. The percentages of patients achieving weight loss of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% were 92.7%, 84.4%, 73.6%, and 56.1%, respectively. Tirzepatide had greater weight loss than placebo (SMD: -1.61, 95% CI -2.20 to -1.02). It also had a higher likelihood of achieving weight loss ≥ 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% compared to placebo. However, tirzepatide had significantly increase in adverse events than placebo (RR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.18 to 1.98).
​Conclusions:
Tirzepatide can significantly reduce body weight in overweight or obese individuals without diabetes. This weight loss effect might be better than semaglutide and liraglutide. Nonetheless, the increased adverse events warrant careful monitoring.
Barriers to performing research studies from the perspective of medical students at Khyber Medical College, Peshawar
Authors: Rehman Muhammad Zohaib
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
The pursuit of medical research is a cornerstone of scientific progress and contributes to the development of healthcare systems. Despite the well-known benefits of involving medical students in research, barriers and challenges often hinder their active participation.
Objective:
This study investigates the barriers hindering medical students at Khyber Medical College, Peshawar, in their pursuit of research opportunities, with the aim of facilitating a more research-oriented environment that enhances their scholarly output and contributes to the broader field of healthcare.
Methods and Materials:
Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 30th May to 30th August involving 264 3rd- to 5th-year MBBS medical students (participants) currently enrolled in Khyber Medical College, Peshawar (Setting). Intervention: The data werecollected through a self-administered, validated questionnaire. SPSS version 27.0 was used for analysing the data. One sample t testsand ANOVAs were used to assess associationsbetween variables. A P value <0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. The primary outcome measure was the mean score of barriers from the Likert scale used in the questionnaire. A comparison of different categories of barriers was also performedas a part of a secondary outcome measure.
Results:
The study revealed that medical students at Khyber Medical College encounter significant barriers to research, with an overall mean score of 3.9110 ± 0. 4645. The most significant barriers were the failure to allocate sufficient funds (4.37±0.764) and the absence of a research-oriented culture in society (4.34± 0.794). Conversely, the least prominent barriers were a lack of proficiency in English (3.09±1.248) and inadequate facilities (3.38± 1.357).
Conclusion:
This study sheds light on the challenges faced by medical students in pursuing research at Khyber Medical College, Peshawar. Addressing these barriers is essential for enhancing the research culture, educational excellence, and healthcare outcomes.
Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Mechanism on Copper: Relation between Mesoscopic Mass Transport and Intrinsic Kinetics
Authors: Morales-Guio Carlos , Jang Joonbaek , Ruscher Martina , Winzely Maximilian , Rodriguez Dolores , Reyes-Lopez Eber , Srivast Samanvaya , Christofides Panagiotis , Sautet Philippe
Published: April 2024

A multi-scale first-principles transport-reaction model is derived for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to fuels and chemicals on polycrystalline copper electrodes. The model utilizes a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR)-volume approximation that captures the relative timescales for mesoscale stochastic processes at the electrode/electrolyte interface that determine product selectivity. The model is built starting from a large experimental dataset obtained under a broad range of well-defined transport regimes in a gastight rotating cylinder electrode cell. Product distributions under different conditions of transport, applied potential, and bulk electrolyte concentration are rationalized by introducing dimensionless numbers that reduce complexity and capture relative timescales for mesoscopic and microscopic dynamics of electrocatalytic reactions on copper electrodes. This work demonstrates that one CO2 reduction mechanism can explain differences in selectivity reported for copper-based electrocatalysts when mass transport, concentration polarization effects, and primary and secondary current distributions are taken into account.
Association between Red Blood Cell Distribution Width and the Speed of Adding Milk with Non- invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation Mode in Preterm Infants
Authors: Feng Yi , Hu Yong , Mu Yuju , Lu Ruifeng , He Qi , Jiang Shouliang , Huang Jinglan , Duan Surong , Wang Hua
Published: April 2024

Background
Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) is applied in the early postnatal period in most preterm infants; however, whether it slows down milk addition speed remains debatable. Elevated red blood cell distribution width (RDW) causes gastrointestinal ischemia and enteral feeding risks. This study aimed to explore the relationship between RDW and the speed of adding milk in NIPPV mode (SAMNIPPV) in preterm infants during hospitalization.
Methods
Between 01/05/2022 and 30/11/2022, 110 preterm infants (gestational age < 32 weeks, birth weight < 1500 g) treated with NIPPV were included to calculate the speed of milk addition. RDW was extracted from the complete blood count results during hospitalization. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified the association between RDW and SAMNIPPV.
Results
Low (15.1 ± 0.6%), mid (16.6 ± 0.4%), and high (19.0 ± 1.2%) RDW were observed in 37, 36, and 37 infants, respectively. The mean SAMNIPPV decreased with increasing RDW during hospitalization. Compared to the high SAMNIPPV group, the tripartite RDW levels in the low and mid SAMNIPPV groups differed significantly. Univariate analysis showed a reduction in the SAMNIPPV (2.1 mL/kg/d) when RDW was 16.9 ± 1.8%; both high and mid RDW were risk factors for low SAMNIPPV. In multivariate analysis, high RDW (19.0% ±1.2%) during hospitalization was a risk factor for low SAMNIPPV and determined as the predictive cut-off value for preterm infants with low SAMNIPPV.
Conclusions
An elevated RDW was associated with reduced speed of milk addition in preterm infants treated with NIPPV. Milk addition should be closely monitored when RDW is > 19.0 ± 1.2% during hospitalization as it significantly decreased the SAMNIPPV by 4.4 mL/kg/d.
Nano mechanics in multicomponent hard coatings for MEMS cantilevers
Authors: BHATTACHARYYA ARNAB SANKAR
Published: April 2024

Ti-B-Si-C-B-N/Si coatings are VLSI compatible at a cheaper rate. These multi-component nanocomposite coating comprising of a mixture of different phases viz., TiN, TiB2, cBN, Ti-C, Si3N4, β-C3N4 and different hybridized carbon grown over an amorphous phase has also been useful for MEMS as microgrippers dielectric barriers in VLSI fabrication and interconnects. The nature of crystallization which occurred on the surface of magnetron sputtered Ti-B-Si-C(N) and Si-C-N on silicon (100) substrates was studied using Transmission electron Microscopy and the complex crystalline configuration was attempted to analyze using image analysis and diffraction patterns. The standard deviations occurring in the nanoindentation P-h plots were put into effect to explain the small-scale fractural features during the indentation process. The electrical conduction associated with nanoindentation indenter tip with the diverse crystalline morphology of the magnetron deposited coatings which involves indenter sharpness and small-scale fracture as well has also been studied to the effect of its use for device fabrication.
Establishment of Shoot - tip Regeneration System of Watermelon
Authors: Liu Chun , Zhu Xiuxiu , Li Hu , Fan Yupeng , Wang Jiyuan , Liu Jie , Zhang Huijun
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study was to establish a regeneration system of watermelon. Watermelon W1 was selected as the experimental material using seedling shoots as a receptor. The effects of different concentrations of 6-Benzylaminopurine(6-BA) on the shoot tip of watermelon seedlings were studied. Number of shoots at the stem tip were counted every other day until the new buds reached 2 cm. The new stem tip was cut, and the effect of different concentrations of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium on the number of regenerated roots and root length of shoots were studied. The results showed that the differentiation rate was highest when the 6-BA concentration was 0.7mg/ml-0.8mg/ml. The optimum concentration for root regeneration was 1/8 MS. At this concentration, the number rooted was the highest, and root length was also promoted.
The Impact of Real Prescription Examples on Prescription Writing Skills of Medical Students: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Daanish Ahmad Farid , Rahmani Mohammad Rafi , Fawad Sayed Abulhasan , Bahain Mohammad Barin , Azimi Mahmoodullah , Mushkani Ershad Ahmad , Atiq Mohammad Asif
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Irrational drug use, a worldwide problem poses global health and economic risks. Good prescribing involves accurate, complete and legible prescription writing. Effective prescribing entails accurate, complete, and legible prescription writing.
Objective: To assess the impact of incorporating real examples of illegible or incomplete prescriptions into the rational drug use course on the prescription writing skills of medical students at Kabul University of Medical Science (KUMS).
Method: A quasi-experimental study with participation of 104 forth-year medical students at the Faculty of Medicine, KUMS, was carried out. The control group (n = 53( attended the regular course on rational drug use without any modifications, the intervention group (n = 51) participated in a course that included critiquing real prescriptions in addition to the regular curriculum. The students were evaluated by assessing their written prescriptions and their ability to identify prescription writing-related shortcomings in other prescriptions.
Results: The intervention group had higher test scores in prescription writing (88.36% vs. 48.35%) and better performance in identifying shortcomings (69.77% vs. 41.41%) compared to the control group.
Notable progress was observed in areas requiring improvement.
Conclusion: The study demonstrated that critiquing and assessing real eligible/incomplete prescriptions during the rational drug use course for undergraduates had a positive impact on prescription writing skills. This approach can also be utilized to teach various aspects of pharmacotherapy if appropriate de-identified cases with sufficient additional patient’s medical records are carefully chosen.
Роль полиморфных вариантов генов цитохромов Р450, а также генов GSTP1 и MDR1 в развитии токсических осложнений при проведении программной противоопухолевой лекарственной терапии у пациентов с классической лимфомой Ходжкина
Authors: Шебуняева Яна Юрьевна , Горева О. Б. , Войтко М. С. , Гришанова А. Ю. , Вавилин В. А. , Поспелова Т. И.
Published: April 2024

Background. Although considerable progress has been achieved in the treatment of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), toxic complications of program drug chemotherapy remain an issue. Standard cytostatic agents used in cHL therapy are metabolized in liver by the enzymes with Р450 cytochrome and GSTP1 gene-controlled synthesis. At the same time, the excretion of active metabolites of antitumor drugs is mediated by MDR1 coded P-glycoprotein. Polymorphisms[1] of these genes may change the processes of antitumor drug biotransformation and their metabolite excretion. Additionally, they may result in organo-toxic complications, disablement of patients, and even death.

Aim. To assess the role of polymorphisms in cytochrome genes Р450 as well as genes GSTP1 and MDR1 in organ toxicity dynamics during program chemotherapy (CT) in cHL patients.

Materials & Methods. The study enrolled 122 cHL patients treated with first-line regimens (ABVD, BEACOPP) of program drug chemotherapy. The patients were aged 18–78 years (median 35 years); there were 67 (54.9 %) women and 55 (45.1 %) men. In compliance with the NCCN CTC (2003) criteria of hepatotoxicity and practical recommendations for correcting cardiovascular toxicity of chemotherapy (2021), the signs of toxic liver and heart damage were assessed in all patients. PCR was used to analyze polymorphisms in cytochrome genes Р450 as well as genes GSTP1 and MDR1, their association with toxic complications of CT was analyzed.

Results. Drug-induced liver damage on program CT was identified in 80 % of cHL patients. The toxicity was increasing from CT cycle 1 to cycle 6 both on ABVD and BEACOPP. Complications grade 3/4 were observed only in BEACOPP recipients. Significant (p < 0.05) associations were found between hepatotoxic complications with increased cytolytic (AST, ALT) and cholestatic (ALP) values and polymorphic variants of MDR1. Significant (p < 0.05) reduction of left ventricle myocardium contractility in cHL patients was associated with Т-allele presence in genotypes CYP2D6*10 (rs1065852), CYP2C9*2 (rs1799853) and A-allele deletion in genotype CYP2D6_3 (rs4986774).

Conclusion. The identification of genetic predictors for toxic effects of program CT in cHL patients at the baseline examination can minimize the risks of drug chemotherapy-related adverse events and allow these patients to maintain a satisfactory quality of life.

 

[1] Gene polymorphism is a structural difference between alternative variants of a gene. Alternative variants of genes result from mutations.
Bibliometric insights into the evolution of digital marketing trends
Authors: Minh Sang Nguyen
Published: April 2024

This bibliometric analysis aims to delineate the progression of research in the domain of digital marketing by examining 513 English-language articles published in Scopus during the period of 2003–2024. An examination of scholarly productivity indicates an upward trend, as evidenced by the increase in publications from one in 2003 to 115 in 2022 and citations from 79 in 2003 to 1131 in 2021, as determined by keyword, citation, and authorship analyses. A review of citation patterns reveals that publications with significant impact are primarily found in prestigious academic journals, such as Industrial Marketing Management and International Journal of Research in Marketing. Prominent contributors hail from Jordan, Finland, Spain, the United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia; among other regions – the United States, the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. Keyword analysis revealed an emphasis on emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and traditional digital marketing techniques (e.g., social media, content marketing, internet marketing). Co-occurrence theme analysis highlighted digital marketing strategy, digital marketing audiences, the digital transformation of business and marketing, and the acceleration of digital adoption as a result of COVID-19. Further areas of investigation encompass optimizing the utilization of emergent social media platforms, implementing virtual and augmented reality technologies to enhance the customer experience, and capitalizing on the potential of artificial intelligence and machine learning to augment the efficacy of digital marketing. By utilizing data-driven insights, this study offers guidance for curricular enhancements, scholarly agendas, and digital marketing practice.
AcknowledgmentThe author thanks everyone who helped make this study possible, but especially those at the Ho Chi Minh University of Banking, Vietnam.
The influence of innovative development in the EU countries and Ukraine on the competitiveness of national economies: A comparative analysis
Authors: Strilets Viktoriia , Franko Liudmyla , Dykha Mariia , Ivanov Maksym , Rybina Larysa
Published: April 2024

Russian aggression adversely affected the economy of Ukraine and emphasized the need to adapt the best practices of EU countries to determine steps to restore the country’s competitiveness. This study aims to determine the influence of the innovative development of countries on their competitiveness and identify prospects for Ukraine’s post-war economic recovery. The study constructed neural networks to assess the relationships between the factors of innovative development and the competitiveness of the EU countries and Ukraine. Six main factors of innovative development of countries are identified: “innovations in business (S1),” “intellectual property (S2)”, “innovations in industry (S3),” “eco-innovations (S4),” “innovation management (S5),” and “digital innovations (S5).” Groups of factors are determined by the strength of influence (strong, moderate, or weak). For Ukraine, S1 and S6 have a strong effect (33.3%), S5 shows moderate (16.7%), S2, S3, and S4 show weak effects (50%). For EU countries, S1 and S6 have a strong influence, S2 and S3 – moderate, S5 and S4 – weak. This comparative analysis concluded that EU countries consider intellectual property, green economy, and state innovation policy as key components of their competitiveness. The results discovered a weak relationship between intellectual property protection, innovation in industry, and competitiveness of Ukraine compared to EU countries. However, digital innovations significantly and positively affect Ukraine’s competitiveness.
Gender Differences in Prevalence and Risk Factors for Hypertension among Oyo State Civil Servants at Agodi Secretariat, Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Abiodun Akeem AKANDE,
Published: April 2024

Hypertension is a major public health challenge worldwide. It is the most important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Hypertension is noted pathological conditions that predispose individuals to cardiovascular diseases and burdens in Nigeria and Africa. Hence this study aimed to assess the gender difference in the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among Oyo State civil servants at the Secretariat Clinic. Proper surveillance of morbidity of hypertension in the Oyo state labour workforce helped in assessing the health strength of the Oyo state labour force and also helped in the formulation of health policy targeted at management and enhancing the performance of civil servants in Oyo state. A descriptive cross-sectional study was employed for this study among civil servants in Oyo state Ministries using both quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative study involved the use of an improvised register during the routine service at the clinic and free health mission. Qualitative data was obtained from 20 selected key informants for exit interviews. Any civil servant who comes for any complaint shall be tested for hypertension reading. The trained record officer was used to collect and collate the data from the register. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 was used to enter data and analyze using descriptive and inferential statistics. Ethical approval was received from the Oyo State Ministry of Health Ethical Review Committee. The outcome showed that the most prevalent form of hypertension was concluded to be the Stage 1 hypertensive form, making up 48.8% of females and 46.4% of males among the cases examined.
Molecular Docking of Phytochemicals from Adhatoda vasica Against Caries, Periodontitis and Inflammatory Mediators – A Computational Study
Authors: S Murukesan , Kumar Kishore
Published: April 2024

Orthodontic treatment is associated with pain, difficulty in plaque control, caries incidence, and slow movement of teeth. Authors hypothesize that the answer to these questions may lie in phytochemicals which are a huge unexplored area. Due to previous reports on Adhathoda vasica about its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, its use in orthodontics is explored in the dry lab scenario. This can be considered as a preliminary step to study the herb in great detail for use in orthodontic therapy. Computational algorithms from Auto Dock version 4 were used in the study. Vasicine, Vasinone, Vasicoline and Anisotine were analysed against Glucosyltransferase (GFT) of Streptococcus mutans, Gingipain K - Porphyromonas gingivalis, FIM A of Porphyromonas gingivalis, TNF ALPHA and Prostaglandin H synthases. Compounds exerted promising inhibiting action against Streptococcus mutans, Gingipain K, FimA, TNF-alpha and prostaglandin E2. The said phytochemicals - Vasicine, Vasicinone, Vasicoline and Anisotine can further be explored for proper delivery to saliva, periodontal region and to bone for effective use during and after orthodontic treatment.
Prevalence and Association Between HIV PrEP Knowledge and Approval, and HIV Testing among Sexually Experienced Men in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Obasi Odii Ikenna , Chipalo Edson
Published: April 2024

Despite evidence of high interest and willingness to use PrEP by key populations behaviorally vulnerable to HIV infection, a lack of comprehensive PrEP knowledge and low HIV testing currently undermine HIV prevention efforts in Cote d’Ivoire. Given that HIV testing is the initial phase in the HIV prevention care continuum, this study examined the prevalence and association between HIV PrEP knowledge and HIV testing among sexually experienced men aged 15-59 years using the dataset from the 2021 Cote d’Ivoire Demographic and Health Survey (N=7,591). Prevalence estimates were obtained using frequencies and proportions. A multivariate logistic regression model was fitted to examine the relationship between the independent and dependent variables within the population. The findings reveal that merely 8.3% of the participants were aware of and endorsed PrEP, and 23.7% have undergone HIV testing. Yet, 83.8% of the participants reported being sexually active, with 32.8% involved in multiple sexual partnerships. Knowledge and approval of PrEP was a poor predictor of sexual activity (AOR=1.11, 95% CI=.81-1.53, p=.524), unlike HIV testing was strongly associated with higher odds of being sexually active (AOR=6.74, 95% CI=4.94-9.21, p<.001) in those who have undergone HIV testing. Knowledge of HIV test kits and anti-retroviral treatment were both strongly associated with higher odds of sexual activity and multiple sexual partnerships. To stem the tide of new HIV transmission, HIV Prevention initiatives should be prioritized among sexually active men by developing innovative approaches to scale up HIV testing and optimize comprehensive knowledge of PrEP in Cote d’Ivoire.
Health Workers Perception on Precautionary Knowledge and Practices in Secondary Hospitals and Isolation Centres for COVID-19 Preventive Measures in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: TOLULOPE MOTUNRAYO TOMMY
Published: April 2024

This paper assesses Health Workers' perception of precautionary measures, knowledge and practices in selected Secondary hospitals and Isolation centres for COVID-19 preventive measures in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study adopted a mixed-method research design. A sample of 302 respondents was obtained from Isolation Centres and Selected Secondary Health Facilities in Lagos State. The researcher used purposive and simple random sampling techniques to obtain data from the health workers. Through the administration of questionnaires and Key Informant Interviews, data for the study was obtained. The study found that about 201 (69.4%) of 290 respondents agreed that the information provided by the National Centre for Disease Control was adequate for the prevention of the COVID-19 Virus. guidelines: also revealed that all the Isolation centres studied had well-trained medical personnel and IPC guidelines on standard precautions, hand hygiene, and waste management guidelines; similarly, all facilities studied had guidelines for transmission–based precautions contained therein. The study therefore recommended amongst others that There should be adequate and efficient collaborations among all stakeholders in the fight against COVID-19 disease.
Determinants of Full Vaccination Status Among Children Aged 12 to 23 Months in Calabar South, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Iwasam Elemi Agbor, , Inyang Udeme Asibong, , Egorp Ogberachi Ineji, , Joanah Moses Ikobah, , Funke Ebughe,
Published: April 2024

Background: Childhood immunization remains one of the most cost-effective preventive strategies against mortality and morbidity among children. The study sought to identify determinants of full vaccination status among children aged 12 to 23 months in Calabar South LGA, Cross River State. The study was a community-based cross-sectional study among 460 children in the 12 to 23 months age bracket, and information about them was obtained from their caregivers. The sample size of 460 was calculated using the Cochran formula. The study is a quantitative component of a bigger mixed-method study conducted from October to December 2023 among 5 wards selected from the 12 wards in Calabar South through a 2-stage cluster sampling. SPSS was used for data entry and analysis, and ethical approval was obtained from the CRS ethical committee (CRSMOH/RP/HREC/2023/401). The prevalence of full vaccination was presented as a pie chart. Bivariate analysis was carried out using Chi-square test statistics while significant variables at 5% were subjected to multivariable regression to identify independent determinants of full vaccination at a 95% confidence interval. The proportion with full vaccination status was 67%, factors associated with full vaccination included the child's sex/age, caregiver's age, education, occupation, relationship to the child, knowledge, and attitude towards vaccination. Independent determinants of full vaccination included caregivers' age, education, occupation, knowledge, attitude, and the occurrence of missed opportunities. Understanding these variations is crucial for policymakers and healthcare professionals to tailor interventions effectively, addressing region-specific challenges and enhancing overall vaccination coverage.
Exploration of Various Extracts of Adhatoda vasica for Use in Orthodontics
Authors: S Murukesan , Kumar Kishore
Published: April 2024

Fixed appliances used in orthodontics can alter the oral microbiota, leading to an increase in aggressive gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial species. These bacteria are strongly associated with enamel and dentin caries and periodontal disease. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used for pain control during orthodontic treatment which can affect tooth movement and lengthen treatment time. The study evaluated the use of Adhatoda vasica in various aspects of orthodontics. The study involved the extraction of plant material, qualitative phytochemical analysis, GC-MS analysis, antibacterial activity testing, and in vitro toxicity testing on bone cell lines. The results showed that Adhatoda vasica extracts had antimicrobial activity against various pathogens and demonstrated cytocompatibility with bone cell lines. The hydroalcoholic and pet ether extracts showed the most promising results. The study highlights the impact of fixed appliances on oral microbiota, the potential role of Adhatoda vasica in orthodontics, and the need for further research in this area.
Vitamin A Supplementation in Madagascar: Coverage and Multifaceted Analysis of Influencing Factors During Transition to Routine Mode
Authors: Gnegne Smaila , Yode Miangotar , Ravelomanana Bernet , Randrianasolo Rivomihaja , Rakotonirina Avana
Published: April 2024

Vitamin A supplementation (VAS) is a key public health intervention to reduce child mortality and morbidity. In Madagascar, the VAS program has transitioned from a vertical program to integration into the routine health system (RHS). This study assesses the coverage of VAS and its associated factors during the last campaign mode and first implementation into routine. A national cross-sectional household survey selected 4410 households using multistage random sampling. After consent, mothers of children aged 6–59 months were interviewed using a pre-tested questionnaire. In addition to socioeconomic and program information from selected communities, 2,972 children aged 6-59 months were verified for vitamin A capsule uptake within the six months before the survey and during the April 2019 campaign. Bivariate analysis and multilevel mixed logistic regression were used to estimate VAS coverage and its associated factors. Overall, VAS coverage was 79.1% (CI 95%: 76.6%-82.0%) in the campaign and 50.6% (CI 95%: 47.7%-53.5%) in routine mode. In regression analysis adjusted for confounders, community exposure to mass media campaigns on VAS, Vitamin A knowledge, Antenatal care visits, household wealth index, and urban residence were positively associated with VAS uptake in routine mode. In contrast, the number of children under 5 per household and age was negatively associated. This study suggests that VAS coverage in Madagascar is suboptimal and that improving the identified socioeconomic and programmatic factors associated with VAS uptake is recommended. These findings can inform strategies to increase VAS coverage during the transition to the RHS.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on Tuberculosis Amongst Nomads in Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: John Stephen , Abdulkarim Suraj , F. Martins Olutayo
Published: April 2024

Nomads are susceptible to TB because of limited access to TB services, inadequate nutrition, high prevalence of bovine TB, intake of unpasteurized milk, and migratory lifestyle, among other factors. Enhancing community knowledge and awareness plays a vital role in aiding prompt identification of TB; a fundamental aspect of the End TB Strategy. Although there have been several studies on knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) related to TB in Nigeria, no research has specifically focused on KAP towards TB among Nomads. Data from 160 individuals in Nomadic pastoralist communities across 2 LGAs in Adamawa State, were collected as part of a 2-arm randomized controlled trial. This study aimed to assess the KAP of Nomadic pastoralist population, using a multi-stage sampling method. Data were gathered by a validated and pretested, structured questionnaire and analysed using SPSS Version 22. Descriptive variables were summarized using frequency counts, and Chi-square test was employed to examine associations. Gaps in TB knowledge, variation in hygiene practices and beliefs about TB causes and transmission were observed. For instance, 15% of nomads have sound knowledge of TB in the intervention group as against 36.3% in the control group. 17.5% in the intervention group have a positive attitude toward TB compared to 15.0% in the control group. 22.5% of the respondents in the intervention group show adherent practice as against 20.0% in the control group. Community-specific health education programs targeting hygiene promotion campaigns, emphasizing key practices of cough etiquette, and pasteurization of milk should be developed and implemented.
Protección de datos personales recuperados en internet o dispositivos electrónicos en el proceso penal colombiano
Authors: Gómez Gómez Christian Camilo
Published: April 2024

Esta investigación tiene como objeto de estudio el tratamiento de los datos personales en el proceso penal colombiano. Específicamente se analiza la diligencia del artículo 236 del código de procediendo penal, la recuperación de información dejada al navegar por internet en dispositivos electrónicos; se estudia la incidencia que tiene en la protección a la intimidad y privacidad de las personas, haciendo una crítica a las posiciones de la corte constitucional y corte suprema de justicia de lo que  en la sociedad moderna se debe considerar, lo que es un teléfono celular y cómo en estos dispositivos electrónicos se pueden realizar hallazgos de datos personales.
Hospital Food Waste: Contributing Factors of Waste Generation and Strategy for Waste Minimization
Authors: Parlina Sri Umami , Herat Sunil
Published: April 2024

The rapid and concerning increase in global food waste has garnered much attention due to its profound social, economic, and environmental ramifications worldwide. Healthcare facilities significantly influence the food chain because of their considerable resource consumption, waste generation, and procurement capabilities. Furthermore, insufficient waste management procedures can have significant ecological repercussions, predominantly due to the carbon emissions generated while disposing of healthcare waste, which also encompasses food waste. The matter of food waste in hospital food services is a complex and multifaceted problem, influenced by a multitude of factors. Conversely, endeavors to mitigate food waste within hospital settings encountered substantial obstacles. The challenges encountered pertain to every facet of hospital services through the emphasis on sustainability. This literature review aims to examine the literature on hospital food waste and identify the gaps in the existing resources that concentrate on the factors that lead to food waste being produced in healthcare facilities and the possible solutions to this problem. The findings point to the contributing factors of hospital food waste, including food quality and quantity, patient satisfaction, patient characteristics and clinical condition, meal times and food from outside, and the environment surrounding the hospital. It also indicates that implementing strategies such as improving the food delivery system, design of the menu, implementing room service model, improving food quality and the presentation of the meal, recruiting food dietitians, improving the dining environment as well as promoting reuse, recycling, composting, and anaerobic digestion can all help reduce food waste. Since food waste generation is context-specific, study outcomes may vary. Therefore, reduction strategies may vary by circumstance. Future research requires more advanced analytical methodologies and specific study designs, time frames, and locations.
Image of the Jungar Galdan-Boshoktu-Khan in the Novel “An Eagle Soaring in the Sky” by Mongolian Writer B. Dogmid
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Baldanmaksarova Elizaveta E.
Published: April 2024

The article, based on the historical novel "An Eagle Soaring in the Sky" (2021) by the modern Mongolian writer Balzhirin Dogmid (1945), examines the life and work of the Oirat-Mongolian Galdan-Boshoktu-khan (1644-1697), a major political figure of the 17th century, the ruler of Dzungar Khanate. The modern need to realize, to better comprehend the scale of the political and international events of the 17th century in Central and East Asia, which are based on the relationship between Dzungaria, Qing China, Tibet and disparate Mongolian principalities, which led to total dependence on the Manchu Qing dynasty, excites many creative minds in Mongolia today . B. Dogmid, referring in his novel to one of the brightest charismatic rulers of Mongolia in the second half of the 17th century, tells about the main directions of the “Mongolian policy” of Galdan Boshoktu Khan, focusing on the personal human qualities of his hero. The desire of Galdan-Boshoktu to unite the Mongols under the auspices of the Oirats was based on the policy of the Oirat aristocrats, pursued by them since the fall of the Yuan Empire (1368) and the formation of the Oirat Union (Durvan Oirat, XV-XVI centuries). Interest in history, which rapidly increased by the nineties of the XX century in Mongolian society, is not weakening even today. Moreover, the nature of this interest is changing, and the genre of the historical novel itself, which tells about one of the difficult periods of Mongolian history, about the life and work of an outstanding personality like Galdan-Boshoktu-Khan in evolutionary formation, in dynamics, in situations, as a rule, confusing and conflict relations with others (with Southern Mongolia, Eastern Turkestan, Qing China, Tibet, Russia) also change accordingly.
Creations of Ch. S. Guleri and His Role in the Formation of a Small Narrative Form in Hindi Literature
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Strelkova Guzel V.
Published: April 2024

The genre form of the story appeared in Hindi literature relatively late, in the first decades of the twentieth century. The formation and development of the short story genre in Hindi literature of the twentieth century attracts the attention of researchers both in India and abroad. In this regard, it is important to consider the work of Chandradhar Sharma Guleri, the author of one of the first stories written in Hindi. Together with famous writers Jayashankar Prasad and Premchand, Geleri is considered one of the founders of modern Hindi literature. He wrote mostly short stories. It is noteworthy that some sources drastically reduce their number, mentioning only three stories, although there are almost 20 of them. The writer’s stories attracted the attention of literary critics, who highly appreciated them. Some of Guleri’s stories have been translated into foreign languages, including Russian. The article examines one of the early stories of Ch. Sh. Guleri “She said”, in which the readers see almost the entire short life of the main character, from childhood to his heroic death. The article focuses on the content, characteristics of the artistic and stylistic features of this story, briefly examines its adaptation, and also characterizes a kind of literary continuation — the story of the famous Hindi writer Shailesh Matiani “She didn’t say”, which takes place during the Indo-Chinese conflict. Guleri’s story was translated into Russian in the 1950s, when Soviet-Indian relations began to develop actively.
Lists of Prophets in Persian Poetry: Application, Classification, and Context
Authors:   State Hermitage, Moiseeva Anna V.
Published: April 2024

Traditionally, medieval Persian poems have an introduction that praises God and the Prophet. Often the praise is expressed by comparing Muhammad with his predecessors. Usually the conclusion (often implicit) of such a comparison is that Muhammad has surpassed all the other prophets in everything and, unlike them, has no imperfection. It is not uncommon for the description of the mir‘āj to be used as the basis for such a listing. This tradition goes back to a hadith describing Muhammad’s ascension to the divine throne, where he was greeted in turn by all his predecessors. The use of the lists of prophets is closely connected with the theme of the affirmation of monotheism — tawhīd. The literary canon prescribes mentioning this theme in introductions of various kinds, be it the first chapter of a poem, the first ghazal in a divan, or the beginning of a separate qasida. The enumeration of the names of the prophets and the elements of the stories related to them (the miracles they performed, the trials they faced, or the sins they committed) demonstrate the omnipotence of God and the immutability of His will, and point to the path that the believer must take to be united with the Absolute. An analogue and prototype of this technique of Persian poetry are the so-called rows of prophets found in the Qur’an. The function of such rows is to demonstrate the prophetic succession from the first man, Adam, to the “Seal of Prophecy”, Muhammad, by presenting the legendary history of humanity before the advent of Islam.
Academic Issues of Research of Historic-Cultural Heritage of Medieval Ganja
Authors:   Branch of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Hasanov Elnur Latif oglu
Published: April 2024

Historic-cultural heritage of Ganja city belongings to such thinkers of Azerbaijan as Nizami Ganjavi, Mahsati Ganjavi, Siti Ganjavi, Raziya Ganjavi, Mirza Shafi Vazeh and others. In this research work were studied the teaching of different sciences in Ganja during Middle Ages period, the services of prominent scientists, thinkers and teachers of that period, who worked in madrasa and used rich libraries. In particular, given the importance of the city as a socio-political, economic, scientific and cultural center during this historical epoch. By the way, during this historical period Ganja as an important political and cultural center was visited by famous scholars of this period, as well as important historical information about their teaching and scientific activities have been studied for many years. In scientific article on the basis of available scientific sources, historical documents, written sources, are considered the merits and patronage of national statehood, which played an exceptional role in the development of the traditions of our national statehood, in the formation of prominent figures in science and culture. Also in this study, based on historical and ethnographic sources, have been determined the significance of the scientific, literary and cultural development of Ganja in the revival of the characteristic features of the Renaissance period.
“The last manuscript, discovered and researched by Mr. Erdmann, is not known in Europe at all” (Chr. D. Frähn): Orientalist Franz Erdmann at Kazan University and his Heritage (1818‒1845)
Authors:   Institute of International Relations, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Valeev Ramil M. , Valeeva Roza Z. ,   Kazan Innovative University (IEML), Bertuol Natalia Matilda ,   Kazan Innovative University (IEML)
Published: April 2024

The article presents a brief overview of the main milestones in the biography of Fyodor Ivanovich Erdmann, also known as Friedrich Franz Ludwig Erdmann (1795-1862). The authors pay special attention to the main stages of his pedagogical and scholarly pursuits at Kazan University (1818-1845). After Chr.D. Frähn (1782-1851), Erdmann became the second visiting German professor of Oriental literature at the university and one of the last students of the famous German orientalist O.G. Tychsen (1734-1815). In 1819, at the age of 24, F.I. Erdmann moved to Kazan, Russia. During the first half of the XIX century, the invitation of representatives of European universities and various peoples of the Russian Empire to the city became an important academic and humanistic tradition that contributed to the development of Oriental studies at Kazan University. Following his dismissal from the university on May 11, 1845, Professor F.I. Erdmann was appointed Director of schools in Olonets region on February 7, 1847. Two months later, on April 8, 1847, Erdmann was transferred to the post of Director of schools in Novgorod region, a post which he held until his dismissal from service on August 20, 1855. Upon his death on November 14, 1862, the academic was buried in Kazan.
Arab-Iranian Relations in Context of the Syrian Crisis
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akhmedov Vladimir M.
Published: April 2024

Since the early 2000s, Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) has been providing active policy in Middle East. The Syrian crisis challenged Iran’s positions in the region. In 2013–2014, the “imminent” collapse of Alawite power in Syria could affect Iran’s national security. In 2015 after the involvement of Russia’s Aerospace Forces (RAF) in Syria, Moscow-Tehran coordinated efforts played a decisive role in achieving al-Assad’s victory and reasserting regime’s influence across Syria. Tehran achieved all its primary goals in Syria and secured its long-term interests in the Middle East. The group of influential factors determined Iranian policy in Syria and other Middle Eastern countries. These factors derived form historical legacy, political background of Arab-Iranian relations, the presence of identically typical groups of population in the targeted countries, Tehran’s ability to change the regional power balance in its favor. The Syrian conflict presented an exclusive example from Iranian typical behavioral crisis model (e. g., low numbers of IRGC ground forces mostly in an advise-and-assist capacity). Meanwhile, Iranian policy in Syria affected Tehran’s relations with key regional, international players in the region. New developments in Iran Israeli crisis complicated situation in the region and created potential threats for lunching a new war on the Middle East. The main research’s goal shaped by study of the new developments in Iran’s Mideast politics and Iranian military operation in Syria regards Arab-Iran historical legacy. The above-mentioned questions shape the urgency of presented research paper that investigates most of advanced statements and proves forwarded conclusions. An appropriate theoretical framework for this study was provided by the constructivist approach combined with comparative methodology. The last decade has witnessed several studies about the Syrian crisis. Meanwhile the important details of evolution of Iran’s politics in the Syrian conflict and Tehran’s military operations in other Mideast countries call for more comprehensive examining. In view of this the article defined by its novelty and based on sources in Arabic and Persian languages. An author tries to predict transformations in Iran’s Middle Eastern politics in view of further political developments in the region and Syria, as well.
The right to rehabilitation in the context of the right to enforce a court decision
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Alexeeva Tatiyna M.
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this article is to study the right to compensation for harm caused to a rehabilitated person in the context of the principle of enforceability of a court decision and the time frame for revising judicial acts provided for by the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. The right to rehabilitation is considered in its relation to the right to a legally established amount of compensation for harm caused. The author proves that the principle of enforceability of court decisions on payments to the rehabilitated is the most important guarantee, without which the right to rehabilitation itself becomes illusory. In addition, the existence in the criminal procedural legislation of the Russian Federation of limits limiting in time the possibility of revising court decisions on payments to the rehabilitated should serve as one of the main ways to ensure this right. As a result of this study, the author came to the following conclusions. An integral part of the right to rehabilitation in the framework of the criminal procedure of the Russian Federation is the amount of harm caused to the rehabilitated person - the material aspect of this right. At the same time, the right to the declared amount of property and moral damage is not absolute. When canceling or changing court decisions that have entered into legal force, especially in exceptional proceedings, strict adherence to the principle of legal certainty is required, an integral part of which is the right to enforceability of a court decision. According to the author, it is necessary to establish a specific period during which the court of cassation is competent to make a decision if it worsens the situation of the rehabilitated person. It seems to the author that such a period may be equal to six months.