bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STRATEGI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KRISTEN DALAM PEMBENTUKAN PERILAKU ANAK
Authors: Agustin Daniel
Published: July 2020

Perilaku anak saat ini menjadi sorotan di kalanganorangtua, gereja dan guru PAK. Perilaku seorang anak biasanyadianggap menjadi masalah jika tidak sesuai dengan harapan keluargaatau jika mengganggu orang lain. Tujuan penelitian ini adalahmemberikan pemahaman akan pentingnya strategi PendidikanAgama Kristen bagi pembentukan perilaku Anak. Pendidikan AgamaKristen adalah suatu proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran yangberdasarkan Alkitab, berpusat pada Kristus, dan bergantung padaRoh Kudus, yang membimbing setiap anak pada semua tingkatpertumbuhan melalui pengajaran dan pengalaman sesuai dengankehendak Allah untuk mengupayakan anak bertumbuh dalam imandan memiliki perilaku seperti Kristus. Hasil dari penerapan strategiPAK bagi anak: Pertama, perilaku anak terbentuk sesuai denganFirman Allah sehingga anak memiliki karakter yang baik; Kedua,membawa anak kepada kebenaran Allah; ketiga, membawa anakkepada iman yang benar. Sehingga jadilah mereka anak-anak yangmemilki perilaku yang baik yang sesuai dengan kehendak Tuhan.
Makalah Permainan Sepakbola
Authors: Najwa Intan Ayodya
Published: July 2020

Sepak bola adalah permainan bola yang dimainkan oleh dua tim dengan masing-masing beranggotakan sebelas orang. Olahraga ini sangat terkenal dan dimainkan di 200 negara. Permainan sepak bola bertujuan untuk mencetak gol sebanyak-banyaknya dengan menggunakan bola kulit berukuran 27-28 inci. Lapangan yang digunakan dalam permainan ini memiliki lebar 50-100 yard dan panjang 100-300 yard. Gawang tempat mencetak gol terletak di bagian ujung lapangan dengan dibatasi jaring berukuran tinggi 8 kaki dan lebar 24 kaki. Untuk bermain bola dengan baik pemain dibekali dengan teknik dasar yang baik. Pemain yang memiliki teknik dasar yang baik pemain tersebut cenderung dapat bermain sepakbola dengan baik pula. Beberapa teknik dasar yang perlu dimiliki pemain sepakbola adalah Menendang ( kicking ), Menghentikan atau Mengontrol ( stoping ), Menggiring ( dribbling ), Menyundul ( heading ), Merampas ( tacling ), Lemparan Kedalam ( trow – in ) dan Menjaga Gawang ( Goal Keeping ).
Pemanfaatan Media Sosial Dalam Berdakwah Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Hidaya Nur
Published: July 2020

Dengan kemajuan zaman seperti sekarang, dan teknologi yang serba canggih dapat dimanfaatkan media sosial sebagai media untuk mensyiarkan agama,media sosial dipilih karna hampir semua masyarakat sekarang mempunyai media sosial jadi ulama menganggap bahwa mereka akan mudah mengakses sosial media untuk melihat materi dakwah yang akan di sampaikan ileh ulama-ulama,apalagi dengan kondisi saat ini kita dilarang untuk melakukan kegiatan diluara rumah apabila tidak berkepentingan pastinya dengan adanya atauran itu membuat masyarakat hampir setiap saat membuka atau mengakses media sosial,yang dulunya mereka bisa bertatapan langsung antara ulama dengan masyarakat tapi dengan kondisi saat ini yang tidak memungkinkan maka mereka memilih untuk tetap berdakwah tetapi hanya melalui media sosial saja.
Object-Oriented Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Liao Qianli
Published: July 2020

(Performed in 2018 as a class project) Deep learning is a field that has been mainly driven by connectionist models like neural networks, characterized by layered processing of distributed, sub-symbolic and statistical features. However, human high-level thoughts appear to be highly symbolic, focusing on objects and relations.To bridge the gap between perception and symbols, a series of models on "Object Oriented Deep Learning" was proposed [9,8,7]. In this project we further explore this class of models. We implement a generative version of OODL that can generate images instead of performing object recognition, in a similar way to Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). In comparison to conventional “feature-oriented” deep learning, OODL naturally handles properties of objects by incorporating them as fields. It offers exact equivariance [8] to translation, rotation and scaling. When implementing it as a generative model, one should be able to precisely control such geometric properties of the generated objects.
Teologi Lingkungan Hidup (Ekoteologi) Peran Gereja dalam Era Globalisasi
Authors: Yunus
Published: July 2020

Berbagai masalah lingkungan hidup telah mencapai posisi penting hingga abad ke -21 ini, dan diperkirakan akan terus meningkat. Pemanasan global, efek rumah kaca, penipisan lapisan ozon, degradasi lingkungan, polusi nuklir, pengurangan area hijau, kepunahan beberapa spesies tumbuhan dan hewan merupakan fenomena ekoligis yang paling penting sekarang ini (Nurasyah Dewi, 2018 : 22). Dalam waktu limapuluhan terakhir ini, ekologi telah menjadi salah satu isu menantang yang dikaji dengan sangat serius dalam berteologi. Diskusi tentang hubungan antara teologi dan ekologi semakin banyak menjadi perhatian yang ditinjau dari berbagai presfektif, bukan hanya komunitas Kristen tetapi juga dalam berbagai komunitas (agama-agama) lain di dunia ini
Dakwah di Era Milenial
Authors: Sukarni
Published: July 2020

Artikel ini membahas tentang Dakwah dan didalamnya terdapat tentang dinamikadalam berdakwabvh. Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman, kini dakwah dilakukan denganmetode yang sedikit berbeda yaitu dengan berdakwah menggunakan teknologi.Jadi otomatispara pendakwah harus menyesuaikan dengan keadaan agar dakwah terus berkembang
THE WORK MOTIVATION EFFECT OF METER RECORDING EMPLOYEES IN DRINKING WATER COMPANY AT TIDORE CITY
Authors: Sangadji Suwandi S.
Published: July 2020

The phenomenon of the efficient use of the meter recording by employees is not optimal due to the limited number of community service activities, unavailability of operational vehicles, and the absence of transportation compensations. This study examines the compensation effect associated with the work motivation of meter recording employees of the Customer Relations Department in Regional Drinking Water Company, located at Tidore Kepulauan City. This research used the quantitative method to obtain data from a total of 43 respondents through questionnaires and observation. The results showed that at confidence and significance levels of 0.05% and 95%, a correlation coefficient r value of 0.735 was obtained. Furthermore, the significant value of the t-test is greater than t-table (6.941> 2.021), which showed a positive and significant effect of employee compensation on work motivation. Therefore, the hypothesis was accepted.
DAKWAH DAN TANTANGANNYA DALAM MEDIA TEKNOLOGI KOMUNIKASI
Authors: kharim Abd
Published: July 2020

Perkembangan teknologi informasi mengalami kemjauan sangat pesat. Kemajuan tersebut telah mengantarkan umat manusia semakin mudah untuk berhubungan satu dengan lainnya. Berbagai infomasi dan peristiwa yang terjadi dibelahan dunia dengan secara cepat dapat diketahui oleh manusia pada benua yang lain. Era globalisasi yang ditandai oleh semakin majunya teknologi komunikasi juga disebut dengan era informasi. Masyarakat dunia termasuk umat Islam dewasa ini dapat menikmati acara televisi dengan berbagai tayangan. Siaran televisi tersebut bukan hanya terpancar dari jaringan yang bersifat nasional, tetapi juga dapat mengikuti jaringan internasional berkat adanya satelit yang dihubungkan dengan adanya parabola di rumah-rumah penduduk. Komunikasi di satu sisi menyampaikan informasi kepada orang lain terhadap gagasan atau ide kepada orang lain baik menggunakan media maupun tidak menggunakan media sedangkan disisi lain ingin mengubah pola pikir dan tingkah laku masyarakat. Fungsi komunikasi adalah potensi yang dapat digunakan untuk memenuhi tujuan-tujuan tertentu. Komunikasi sebagai ilmu, seni dan lapangan kerja sudah tentu memiliki fungsi yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh manusia dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya. Tujuan Komunikasi adalah untuk menyampaikan informasi dan mencari informasi kepada mereka agar apayang ingin disampaikan dapat dimengerti sehingga komunikasi yang dilaksanakan dapat tercapai. Suatu informasi atau pesan yang disampaikan komunikator kepada komunikan akan komunikatif apabila terjadi proses psikologis yang sama antara insan-insan yang terlibat dalam proses tersebut. Dengan perkataan lain, informasi yang disampaikan komunikator kepada komunikan adalah situasi komunikatif seperti itu akan terjadi bila terdapat etos pada diri komunikator.
DAKWAH BIL QALAM MELALUI INSTAGRAM
Authors: Rasmi
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apa itu dakwah Bil Qalam dan mendeskripsikan bagaimana pemanfaatan media sosial Instagram dalam dakwah Bil Qalam. Dakwah tidak harus dengan berdiri di atas mimbar, ada banyak metode yan dapat dilakukan dalam menyampaikan pesan dakwah. Dakwah Bil Qalam merupakan metode dakwah yang menggunakan tulisan dalam menyampaikan sebuah pesan dakwah. Di era digital saat ini, dakwah virtual melalui media sosial Instagram menjadi jalan agar estafet dakwah yang dilakukan Rasulullah SAW tidak terputus begitu saja. Metode dakwah Bil Qalam melalui Instagram dapat berupa caption pada unggahan gambar atau video dan tulisan pada instagram story. Dalam penelitian, peneliti menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Data penelitiaan kualitatif diinterperetasikan oleh peneliti sehingga hasil penelitian sangat dipengaruhi oleh pemikiran, pandangan, dan pengetahuan peneliti. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa data primer yaitu hasil wawancara dan data sekunder seperti buku, jurnal, dan artikel dakwah yang diperoleh dari internet.Kata kunci: Dakwah Bil Qalam, Media sosial, Instagram.AbstractThis study aims to find out what is Da'wah Bil Qalam and describe how to use Instagram social media in Da'wah Bil Qalam. Da'wah does not have to stand on the stand, there are many methods that can be used in conveying the message of da'wah. Da'wah Bil Qalam is a method of da'wah that uses writing in conveying a message of da'wah. In today's digital era, virtual preaching through social media Instagram is a way for the preaching relay conducted by Rasulullah SAW to not be interrupted. The method of preaching Bil Qalam through Instagram can be in the form of a caption on the upload of images or videos and writing on instagram stories. In this study, researchers used a qualitative descriptive approach. The qualitative research data is interpreted by the researcher so that the research results are strongly influenced by the thoughts, views, and knowledge of the researcher. Data collected in the form of primary data are interviews and secondary data such as books, journals and propaganda articles obtained from the internet.Keywords: Da'wah Bil Qalam, Social media, Instagram.
Pemanfaatan Media Audio Visual dalam Berdakwah kepada Masyarakat
Authors: Istiqamah
Published: July 2020

Dakwah merupakan suatu kegiatan yang bersifat mengajak atau memanggil orang secara halus tanpa unsur kekerasan, pemaksaan, intimadasi, ancaman atau teror agar seseorang melaksanakan ajaran islam atau untuk beriman dan taat kepada allah SWT. Media adalah salah satu alat untuk menyampaikan pesan dan memberikan pesan, dari da’i ke mad’u. Maka dari itu berdakwah menggunakan media sangatlah bermanfaatkan sebab pesan yang diterima oleh audien dapat diteruskan ke orang lain dengan jauh.
Metode dakwah dan Problematika remaja
Authors: Usman Khalis
Published: July 2020

AbstrakTulisan ini merupakan uraian tentang metode dakwah dalam mengatasi problematika remaja. Dengan bertolak pada pokok masalah bagaimana metode dakwah dalam mengatasi problematika remaja. Dengan sub masalah bagaimana kondisi kehidupan remaja dan problematika remaja dan bagaimana upaya-upaya dakwah dalam mengatasi problem remaja.Untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut di atas, maka penulis mengadakan akumulasi data dengan menggunakan metode analisis data kualitatif dengan data deskriptif dan tehnik analisis isi melalui riset kepustakaan. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan teori dakwah dan pendekatan psikologi.Dari hasil penelitian tersebut, dapat dipahami bahwa keberhasilan dakwah dikalangan remaja tidak hanya ditentukan oleh da’i saja dengan ilmu dakwahnya, tetapi harus ditunjang dengan berbagai upaya, yaitu baiknya kordinasi yang dilakukan oleh da’i dengan lembaga-lembaga terkait, termasuk pemuka-pemuka masyarakat, pemerintah, orang tua di rumah, guru di sekolah, penggunaan sarana teknologi secara optimal, serta melalui sarana olah raga dan seni (penyaluran bakat dan minat remaja). Upaya-upaya tersebut tidak terlepas dari konsep dasar metode dakwah yang tetap berlandaskan pada dakwah bi al-hal, bi al-lisan dan bi-al af’al.
Filtration Efficiency, Breathability, and Reusability of Improvised Materials for Face Masks
Authors: Bagheri Morteza H. , Khalaji Iman , Azizi Arad , Loibl Rebecca T. , Manzo Scott , Gorrepati Madhu L. , Mehendale Shilpa , Mohr Catherine , Schiffres Scott
Published: July 2020

The goal of this study is to evaluate the filtration efficiency and breathability of improvised filtration and commonly available mask materials, as well as to assess their reusability. Materials readily available to the general public such as cotton, fragrance and additive-free dry baby cleaning wipes, and those abundantly available in the hospital setting, such as sterilization wraps, were chosen for testing, amongst others. In the COVID-important 2–5 micron particle range, two-layers of cotton provided filtration efficiency between 34%–66%. Amongst potential filter materials, 300-weight sterilization wraps provided approximately 80% filtration efficiency and are readily available in the healthcare setting. The addition of sterilization wrap to cotton fabrics brought the filtration efficiency to above that of the sterilization wrap (80%-90%) at the expense of added pressure drop. Four-layers of dry baby wipes performed very well with a filtration efficiency of 85% and a reasonable pressure drop (1/3 of procedure mask). Since the material is advertised as pure spunlace polypropylene and designed to contact the skin during cleaning, it would appear generally safe as a filter insert. Of improvised filters, polypropylene electrostatic HVAC filters performed the best with filtration efficiencies of >99%, but are not recommended due to the risk of confusion with glass-based HVAC filters and uncertainty regarding trace materials used in the filter. The filtration efficiency of two-layers of cotton fabrics with one-layer of sterilization wrap slightly improved over 10 laundry cycles, while the performance of other non-wovens, like dry baby wipes, degraded more rapidly and should be considered disposable. In summary, we found that two-layers of cotton fabric can provide a comfortable, breathable and reusable option. The addition of a sterilization wrap or four-layers of pure spunlace fragrance free dry baby wipes can significantly improve filtration and block expiratory aerosols at the expense of an added pressure drop.
Insights from a dyslexia simulation font: Can we simulate reading struggles of individuals with dyslexia
Authors: Stark Zoey , Franzen Léon , Johnson Aaron Paul
Published: July 2020

Individuals with dyslexia struggle at explaining what it is like to have dyslexia and how they perceive letters and words differently. This led the designer Daniel Britton to create a font that aims to simulate the perceptual experience of how effortful reading can be for individuals with dyslexia (http://danielbritton.info/dyslexia). This font removes forty percent of each character stroke with the aim of increasing reading effort, and in turn empathy and understanding for individuals with dyslexia. However, its efficacy has not yet been empirically tested. In the present study, participants without dyslexia read ten standardized texts from a commercial reading assessment, five texts in Times New Roman and five in the dyslexia simulation font. We compared this group to individuals with dyslexia reading texts from the same reading assessment tool in Times New Roman font. Results show that the simulation font exaggerated the difficulty of reading, surpassing that experienced by adults with dyslexia, as reflected in increased reading time and overall number of eye movements. Reading appeared to be even more laborious for readers reading the simulation font compared to individuals with dyslexia. Future research could compare the performance of the Daniel Britton font against a sample of beginning readers with dyslexia as well as seek to design and empirically test an adapted simulation font with an increased preserved percentage of letter strokes.
Expectations about pain and analgesic treatment depend on medical providers’ facial appearances
Authors: Necka Elizabeth A. , Amir Carolyn , Dildine Troy C. , Atlas Lauren Yvette
Published: July 2020

There is a robust link between patients’ expectations and clinical outcomes, as evidenced by the placebo effect. These expectations are shaped by the context surrounding treatment, including the patient-provider interaction. Prior work indicates that the provider’s behavior and characteristics, including warmth and competence, can shape patient outcomes. Yet humans rapidly form trait impressions of others prior to any in-person interaction. Here, we tested whether trait-impressions of hypothetical medical providers, based purely on facial images, influence participants’ choice of medical providers and expectations about their health following hypothetical medical procedures performed by those providers in a series of vignettes. Across five studies, participants selected providers who appeared more competent, based on facial visual information alone. Further, providers’ apparent competence predicted participants’ expectations about post-procedural pain and medication use. Participants’ perception of their similarity to providers also shaped expectations about pain and treatment outcomes. Our results suggest that humans develop expectations about their health outcomes prior to even setting foot in the clinic, based exclusively on first impressions. These findings have strong implications for health care, as individuals increasingly rely on digital services to choose healthcare providers, schedule appointments, and even receive treatment and care, a trend which is exacerbated as the world embraces telemedicine.
Sleep health in U.S. adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hisler Garrett , Twenge Jean
Published: July 2020

Understanding how health has changed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic is critical to reducing and recovering from the pandemic. This study focused on how sleep health in the United States may have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Sleep duration and number of days in the past week with difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, and not feeling rested in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults collected before the COVID-19 outbreak (2018 National Health Interview Survey, n = 19,433) was compared to the same measures in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults collected during the COVID-19 outbreak (2020 Luc.id, n = 2,059). Sleep duration was slightly shorter in 2020 than 2018 (d = -.05). Moreover, the prevalence of insufficient sleep duration (RR = 1.20) and the number of days with difficulty falling asleep (d = .54), difficulty staying asleep (d =.36), and not feeling rested (d = .14) was greater in 2020 than 2018. Twice as many people in 2020 reported experiencing at least one night of difficulty falling asleep (RR = 1.95) or staying asleep (RR = 1.75). Adults younger than 60 and those who belonged to an Asian racial group had larger differences than other age and racial groups between 2018 and 2020. Thus, sleep health in U.S. adults was worse in 2020 than in 2018, particularly in younger and Asian adults. Findings highlight sleep as target in future research and interventions seeking to understand and reduce the effects of the spread of COVID-19.
Psychological, social, and situational factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination intentions: A study of UK key workers and non-key workers
Authors: Butter Sarah , McGlinchey Emily , Berry Emma , Armour Cherie
Published: July 2020

Although behavioural strategies (e.g. social distancing) have been effective in limiting the transmission of the infectious respiratory disease COVID-19, a longer- term solution, such as the development of a COVID-19 vaccine, is a global priority. Worryingly, vaccine hesitancy (i.e. the delay in acceptance or refusal of a vaccination despite its availability) is a growing concern and threat to public health. Perceptions of risk and symptom severity are important predictors of vaccine acceptance. As individuals working in key worker roles are considered to be at a higher risk of infection, this study sought to examine intentions to vaccinate and predictors of vaccine hesitancy in a UK sample of key workers and non-key workers. The study utilised a sample of UK adults who completed the 1-month follow up of The COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study and indicated having not been previously diagnosed with COVID-19 (N = 1605). Overall, 74.2% of the sample (76.2% key workers, 73.1% non-key workers) indicated that they would accept a COVID-19 vaccine if it was available to them in future. Key workers (and in particular health and social care workers) had a higher perceived risk of becoming infected in the coming months; however, key workers and non-key workers did not differ on the perceived severity of symptoms. For key workers, being female and perceiving oneself as having relatively low risk of being infected in the next 6 months was associated with increased likelihood of vaccine hesitancy. For non-key workers, however, being aged 25-54, having a low or average income and not knowing someone diagnosed with COVID-19 were associated with hesitancy. The proportion of individuals willing to accept a vaccine is encouraging but there is much room for improvement. Educating the public on the extent of asymptomatic infection and transmission may be useful since most individuals believed that if infected that would exhibit some degree of symptomology. Given the unique predictors of vaccine hesitancy in key workers and non-key workers, public health campaigns may benefit from targeted messaging. This research provides useful early estimates on intentions to vaccinate and predictors of vaccine hesitancy; however, continued monitoring is necessary as the COVID-19 situation develops and a potential vaccine is produced.
Population-based estimates of associations between child maltreatment type: A meta-analysis
Authors: Matsumoto Maya , Piersiak Hannah , Letterie Mia , Humphreys Kathryn Leigh
Published: July 2020

Context: There is growing interest in better understanding the specificity and magnitude of associations between child maltreatment types in the general population. Objective: To investigate patterns of covariation between child maltreatment types by meta-analyzing studies that assessed experiences of maltreatment using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) in population-representative samples. Data Sources: A systematic review of studies available on PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar was conducted. The bibliographies of studies identified were assessed using forward and backward searching.Study Selection: Included studies used the CTQ, a population-representative sample, and had available data to calculate effect sizes. Data Extraction: Data were converted from pearson correlations to Z statitics, and pooled using a random-effects model.Results: All maltreatment types were positively and significantly associated with one another. Effect size estimates varied from medium to large effects, with (1) physical abuse and emotional abuse (Z = 0.72, 95% CI [.48, .96]); (2) physical neglect and emotional neglect (Z = 0.62, 95% CI [0.43, 0.81]); and (3) emotional abuse and emotional neglect (Z = 0.54, 95% CI [0.35, 0.72]) demonstrating the strongest associations. Limitations: Limitations include the relatively few number of studies included, exclusion of other types of adversity, and those associated with the CTQ—a retrospective, self-report measure that does not account for the concurrence of experiences.Conclusions: These analyses provide important evidence of the associations between types of child maltreatment. The pattern of associations indicate the likelihood of shared risk and point to potential characteristics that may link different types of maltreatment.
Highly accurate and robust identity perception from personally familiar voices
Authors: Kanber Elise , Lavan Nadine , McGettigan Carolyn
Published: July 2020

Previous research suggests that familiarity with a voice can afford benefits for voice and speech perception. However, even familiar voice perception has been reported to be error-prone in previous research, especially in the face of challenges such as reduced verbal cues and acoustic distortions. It has been hypothesised that such findings may arise due to listeners not being “familiar enough” with the voices used in laboratory studies, and thus being inexperienced with their full vocal repertoire. By extension, voice perception based on highly familiar voices – acquired via substantial, naturalistic experience – should therefore be more robust than voice perception from less familiar voices. We investigated this proposal by contrasting voice perception of personally-familiar voices (participants’ romantic partners) versus lab-trained voices in challenging experimental tasks. Specifically, we tested how differences in familiarity may affect voice identity perception from non-verbal vocalisations and acoustically-modulated speech. Large benefits for the personally-familiar voice over less familiar, lab-trained voice were found for identity recognition, with listeners displaying both highly accurate yet more conservative recognition of personally familiar voices. However, no familiar-voice benefits were found for speech comprehension against background noise. Our findings suggest that listeners have fine-tuned representations of highly familiar voices that result in more robust and accurate voice recognition despite challenging listening contexts, yet these advantages may not always extend to speech perception. Our study therefore highlights that familiarity is indeed a continuum, with identity perception for personally-familiar voices being highly accurate.
The Stepwise Anchoring Paradigm: Measuring Reliable Components of Anchoring and Adjustment as the Next Step in Moderator Research
Authors: Röseler Lukas , Schütz Astrid , Dolling Ivonne K. , Friedinger Kathrin , Hösch Yolanda , Hügel Julia C. , Igna Elisa , Karg Alexandra , Kühling Sarah , Schäffer Dominik , Zhou Anke , Röseler Jessica Jasmin
Published: July 2020

Although anchoring research has explored personality moderators for at least 13 years, it has not produced any robust findings. The reason for this surprising fact is rooted in the problem that most anchoring tasks have unacceptable reliability levels. In a preregistered experiment, we introduce a paradigm that we call the stepwise anchoring paradigm. It is based on the incumbent insufficient adjustment model of anchoring and previous research by Frech et al. (2020). Using the stepwise anchoring paradigm and estimates of animals’ weights, we reliably measured parameters of anchoring effects and investigated whether these parameters were correlated with theoretically relevant personality traits (i.e., cognitive reflection and impulsiveness). The reliability of the number of adjustment steps was acceptable (α = .869, 12 items, N = 125) and much higher than the reliability of the total adjustment (α = .387), which has previously been used as an indicator of susceptibility to anchoring. However, we found no robust anchoring effects and no correlations between anchoring parameters and impulsivity or cognitive reflection. Thus, although a method for reliably measuring the susceptibility to anchoring is now available, its validity is still questionable.
Sound-induced motion in chimpanzees does not imply shared ancestry for music or dance
Authors: Bertolo Mila , Singh Manvir , Mehr Samuel A
Published: July 2020

This letter is in reply to Hattori & Tomonaga (2020), who report that seven captive chimpanzees moved in response to piano sounds, more so than in silence. On this basis, they argue, "some biological foundation for dancing existed in the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees ~6 million years ago". Music's universality suggests it has deep phylogenetic roots; understanding music-like behavior in non-human animals is therefore valuable for understanding the evolution of music. But the paper's claim of shared ancestry for music or dance is unjustified.
Isn’t high school bad enough already? Rates of gender harassment and institutional betrayal in high school and their association with trauma-related symptoms
Authors: Lind Monika Neff , Adams-Clark Alexis , Freyd Jennifer J.
Published: July 2020

Germinal studies have described the prevalence of sex-based harassment in high schools and its associations with adverse outcomes in adolescents. Studies have focused on students, with little attention given to the actions of high schools themselves. Though journalists responded to the #MeToo movement by reporting on schools’ betrayal of students who report misconduct, this topic remains understudied by researchers. Gender harassment is characterized by sexist remarks, sexually crude or offensive behavior, gender policing, work-family policing, and infantilization. Institutional betrayal is characterized by the failure of an institution, such as a school, to protect individuals dependent on the institution. We investigated high school gender harassment and institutional betrayal reported retrospectively by 535 current undergraduates. Our primary aim was to investigate whether institutional betrayal moderates the relationship between high school gender harassment and current trauma symptoms. In our pre-registered hypotheses (https://osf.io/3ds8k), we predicted that (1) high school gender harassment would be associated with more current trauma symptoms and (2) institutional betrayal would moderate this relationship such that high levels of institutional betrayal would be associated with a stronger association between high school gender harassment and current trauma symptoms. Consistent with our first hypothesis, high school gender harassment significantly predicted college trauma-related symptoms. An equation that included participant gender, race, age, high school gender harassment, institutional betrayal, and the interaction of gender harassment and institutional betrayal also significantly predicted trauma-related symptoms. Contrary to our second hypothesis, the interaction term was non-significant. However, institutional betrayal predicted unique variance in current trauma symptoms above and beyond the other variables. These findings indicate that both high school gender harassment and high school institutional betrayal are independently associated with trauma symptoms, suggesting that intervention should target both phenomena.
Applying the Science of Habit Formation to Evidence-Based Psychological Treatment: Improving Outcomes for Mental Illness
Authors: Harvey Allison , Callaway Catherine A. , Zieve Garret G. , Gumport Nicole B. , Armstrong Courtney C.
Published: July 2020

Habits impact nearly every domain of our physical and mental health. While the science of habit formation has long been of interest to psychological scientists across disciplines, we propose that applications to clinical psychological science have been insufficiently explored. More specifically, EBPTs are interventions targeting psychological processes that cause and/or maintain mental illness and that have been developed and evaluated scientifically. An implicit goal of EBPTs is to disrupt unwanted habits and develop desired habits. Yet, there has been insufficient attention given to habit formation principles, theory and measures in the development and delivery of EBTPs. Herein we consider if outcomes following the receipt of an EBPT would greatly improve if the basic science of habit formation were more fully leveraged. We distill six ingredients that are central to habit formation and demonstrate how these are relevant to EBPTs. We highlight practice points and an agenda for future research. We propose that there is an urgent need for research to guide the application of the science of habit formation and disruption to the complex “real-life” habits that are the essence of EBPTs.
Predictive activation of sensory representations as a source of evidence in perceptual decision-making
Authors: Feuerriegel Daniel , Blom Tessel , Hogendoorn Hinze
Published: July 2020

Our brains can represent expected future states of our sensory environment. Recent work has shown that, when we expect a specific stimulus to appear at a specific time, we can predictively generate neural representations of that stimulus even before it is physically presented. These observations raise two exciting questions: Are pre-activated sensory representations used for perceptual decision-making? And, are there instances in which we transiently perceive an expected stimulus that does not actually appear? To address these questions, we propose that pre-activated neural representations provide sensory evidence that is used for perceptual decision-making. This can be understood within the framework of the Diffusion Decision Model as an early accumulation of decision evidence in favour of the expected percept. Our proposal makes novel predictions relating to expectation effects on neural markers of decision evidence accumulation, and also provides an explanation for why we do not typically perceive stimuli that are expected, but do not appear.
The End of Overconfidence: Review of ‘Perfectly confident: How to calibrate your decisions wisely’ by Don A. Moore
Authors: Krueger Joachim Israel , Heck Patrick Ryan
Published: July 2020

A review of ‘Perfectly confident: How to calibrate your decisions wisely’ by Don A. Moore. Accepted for publication in the American Journal of Psychology.
Exposure to dialect variation in an artificial language prior to literacy training impairs reading of words with competing variants but does not affect decoding skills
Authors: Williams Glenn Patrick , Kempe Vera , Panayotov Nikolay
Published: July 2020

Dialect exposure in children has been associated with reduced literacy outcomes but it is unclear to what extent these impairments are due to interference from competing lexical variants or reflect extralinguistic factors. Previous computational studies and artificial literacy learning experiments with adults confirmed a deficit for reading of words with dialect variants (contrastive words) but did not find detrimental effects of dialect exposure on phonological decoding of untrained words; in fact, sufficiently long periods of literacy training resulted in a dialect benefit that could arise from greater reliance on phonological decoding when dialect and standard variants increased variability in the input. However, those artificial language learning experiments interleaved word learning and reading/spelling training, yet child learners typically have well-entrenched phonological and semantic representations of most words before they start literacy training. Here we examine whether a contrastive deficit alongside unimpaired phonological decoding can be replicated when word learning precedes literacy training. We also manipulated training conditions to explore effects of interventions thought to be beneficial for literacy acquisition in naturalistic situations such as explicit social cues for variety use and literacy training in both varieties. The findings replicate the contrastive deficit which was most pronounced when literacy training in the dialect increased variability. Without such variability, only learners who successfully learned the dialect variants prior to literacy training showed the contrastive deficit. Although no benefits from the interventions were found dialect exposure per se had neither a beneficial nor a detrimental effect on phonological decoding skills.
The Influence of Public Health England’s Change4Life Disney Branded 10-minute Shake Ups on Children’s Post Activity Affective Response.
Authors: Budzynski-Seymour Emily , Jones Michelle , Steele James
Published: July 2020

Physical activity (PA) is considered essential to overall health yet it is consistently reported that children are failing to meet the recommended levels. Due to the bidirectional relationship between affective states and PA, affective responses are a potential predictor to long term engagement. Since late March 2020 the UK government enforced ‘lockdown’ measures to help control the spread of Coronavirus (COVID-19); however, this has impacted children’s PA. Using online resources at home to support PA is now common. The primary aim of this research was to investigate the use of the Change4Life 10-minute Shake Ups to support PA by examining the effects of Disney branding upon children’s (n=32) post activity affective responses and perceived exertion. The secondary was to investigate the effect of the lockdown on PA habits. Children had similar positive affective responses and perceived effort to activities; however, branding was considered to be a key contributing factor based upon qualitative feedback from parents. Children’s PA levels dropped slightly since ‘lockdown’ was imposed; though online resources have been utilised to support PA. The use of immersive elements such as characters and narrative in PA sessions, as well as utilising online resources during ‘lockdown’ appear potentially promising for future research.
The Students’ Critical Thinking Skill in Exploiting Covalent Bond Material
Authors: Danora Yunita , Hendayana Sumar , Supriatna Asep
Published: July 2020

This study aims to analyze students' critical thinking skill in exploiting covalent bond material. The method applied  in this study was descriptive qualitative with a case study approach. It was conducted at one of high schools in Bandung were the participants were the tenth grade students’.    The instruments used for data collection were audio, video and observation sheets. The collected  data were analyzed using     Transcript Based Lesson Analysis (TBLA). The results indicated that three out of twelve indicators of critical thinking skill had been identified    in learning covalent bonds. The three indicators are formulating questions, answering the “why” questions, and identifying differences.  The low achievement of critical thinking indicators was due to the method used in teaching which is still informative or transferring knowledge from teacher to student (teacher-centered) without giving sufficient time for students to reflect the material presented, link it with prior knowledge, or apply it in real life situations.
Readiness of Chemistry Teachers of Riau Province Viewed from Attitude Aspect in Applying 4C (Critical Thinking, Creative Thinking, Communication and Collaboration)
Authors: Saputri Agustina Eka , Copriady Jimmi , Erna Maria
Published: July 2020

This study aims to determine the readiness of chemistry teachers in applying 4C skills (critical thinking, creative thinking, communication and collaboration) in terms of attitude aspects. The 4C skills are needed to prepare students to compete in the era of globalization and teachers which are the main factors for students success in mastering 21st century learning. This research was a descriptive and inferential study involving as many as 115 high school chemistry teachers in Pekanbaru City and Pelalawan district. The instruments used a Likert scale questionnaire 5 consisting of demographics of respondents and 4 variables to measure the ability of the 4C. The results of the analysis showed that the readiness of chemistry teachers in Pekanbaru City and Pelalawan regencies in Riau Province was seen from the aspect of attitudes at a high level. Data were analyzed descriptively based on mean values and standard deviations as well as independent t tests and one way anova to determine differences in the readiness of high school chemistry teachers based on gender, years of service and educational qualifications. Thus, there were significant differences in the readiness of chemistry teachers in high school levels based on educational qualifications
Examining the Linkage between Students’ Participation in Co-curricular Activities and their Soft Skill Development
Authors: Siddiky Md. Roknuzzaman
Published: July 2020

The paper aims to investigate the association between students’ participation in Co-curricular Activities (CCAs) and their soft skill development. Moreover, the study attempts to find out whether the association between these two variables is statistically significant. The study reasonably employed survey method where primary data were collected from a total of 135 students who were sampled from 16 academic departments of a public university in Bangladesh based on non-probability sampling techniques. The study found that the students have developed diverse soft skills (which involve different personal skills and social skills) much via their participation in CCAs. The study observed that there is a moderate positive association between students’ participation in CCAs and their various personal and social skills excepting presentation skill, organizing skill and network-building skill in which strong positive association was found. Moreover, the study found that there is a significant association between students’ participation in CCAs and their diverse personal skills and social skills. Hence, the study argued that the association between students’ participation in CCAs and their soft skill development is statistically significant. Finally, the study suggested that the Government and the authority concerned should undertake suitable policy in order to utilize CCAs and thereby ensure quality education.
Development of Contextual Based Electronic Global Warming Modules Using Flipbook Applications as Physics Learning Media in High Schools
Authors: Susanti Neneng , Yennita Yennita , Azhar Azhar
Published: July 2020

This study aims to produce physics learning media in high schools in the form of the development of contextual based electronic global warming modules using a valid, practical and effective flipbook application. This type of research is research and development using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluate). The field trial design used was One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The development of contextual based electronic global warming modules using the flipbook application has passed the validation test stage with an average percentage of material experts at 88.42% with a very valid category and an average percentage of media experts at 85.63% with a very valid category. Practicality test by the teacher obtained an average percentage score of 85.56% with very practical criteria and by students obtained an average percentage score of 91.33% with a very practical category. Improved learning outcomes using e-modules and without e-modules (the results of last year's tests) are included in the increased category. It can be concluded that the use of contextual-based electronic modules using the flipbook application in learning can improve student physics learning outcomes.
Improvement of Mathematical Problem Solving Ability of High School Students through Problem Based Learning
Authors: Elmiwati Elmiwati , Kartini Kartini , Zulkarnain Zulkarnain
Published: July 2020

The ability to solve mathematical problems is a very important part that must be owned and developed by students in learning mathematics. However, generally Indonesian students' abilities are very low in understanding complex information and problem solving. Therefore, this article aims to know: 1) the increase in Mathematical Problem Solving Ability (MPSA) of students who get Problem Based Learning (PBL) better than students who get conventional learning with a scientific approach is reviewed overall and based on KAM levels; 2) find out the interaction between PBL and conventional models with KAM level to MPSA; 3) the difference in MPSA increase of students who get PBL learning in terms of KAM level. The research method used was a quasi-experimental research design with a pretest-posttest control group design. The sample of 6 grade students of SMAN 2 Bangkinang Kota class XI totaling 183 students. The instrument in this article is a MPSA test using t-test, two-way ANOVA test and one-way ANOVA test. The results in this study were: 1) the increase in MPSA of students who received PBL learning was better than students who received conventional learning in terms of overall and KAM; 2) there is a significant interaction between PBL and conventional models with KAM level to MPSA; and 3) there is a difference in the increase in MPSA of students who get PBL learning in terms of KAM level significantly.
An Investigation of The Application of Communicative Language Teaching in a Speaking Class at MAN Lubuk Alung
Authors: Rahmawati Sari
Published: July 2020

This research was a case study research that aimed to investigate the application of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in a speaking class at MAN Lubuk Alung. The subject of the study was a certified High School English teacher in Lubuk Alung who has 25 years teaching experience. The teacher’s speaking class was observed whether or not matched with the principles of CLT. The data were analyzed through some steps of qualitative data analysis, they are data managing, reading, describing, classifying, and interpreting. The result of the research revealed that the process of teaching speaking were not appropriate with CLT principles. Conversely, she seemed still to apply the characteristics of conventional teaching method.
Improvement of News Text Writing Skills Through Think Pair Share Model in VIII Grade Students of SMP Negeri 7 Rambah Samo
Authors: Arianti Rita
Published: July 2020

The background of this study was due to students’ activities which do not support the achievement of learning objectives for writing news texts so that students' grades are low and do not reach the Minimal Completion Criteria (70) set at school. The purpose of this study is to improve student learning activities and outcomes in writing news texts through the application of Think Pair Share model. The type of this research is qualitative. The research method that used in this research was descriptive method. This research was conducted in 2 cycles, each cycle consisting of four stages, they are: planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. The results of these study were (1) the quality of student activity in the pretest was 44% increased to 68% in the first cycle, and increased again in the second cycle to 90%, the quality of student learning activities increased from sufficient quality to very high quality, (2 ) an increase in mastery learning results from pretest 48.14% with an average class of 69.44 to 70.37% in the first cycle with  average class of 75.19, increase in the second cycle to 100% with  average class at 90,55. Based on the result of the study it can be concluded that the application of the Think Pair Share model can increase the activities and learning outcomes of grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 7 Rambah Samo in writing news texts.
English Teacher’s Code Switching in The Classroom (A Case Study in Grade IX of SMK 10 Padang)
Authors: Putri Dian Mega
Published: July 2020

This research aims to reveal the attitudes of the teacher in using code switching in the classroom from English (or shorten by L2) to the Indonesian language (or shorten by L1) or vice versa and also to find out the functions of teacher’s switching to the L1 in practice in Grade IX of SMK 10 Padang. The descriptive qualitative research method is used to analyze teachers’ code switching to Indonesian language through the observation and interview. The subject in this research is an English teacher who taught in grade IX of SMK 10 Padang. Based on the analysis of the data, it can be concluded that the code switching used by the teacher in the classroom plays a positive role in the process of teaching and learning. Moreover, the functions of code switching used by the teacher in the classroom are in order to explain vocabulary, give grammar instruction, emphasize some points, manage the class, index a stance of empathy or solidarity towards students.