bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Qualitative Approach to Understand Consumer Groups and Decision-Making Process in Online Group Buying
Authors: Xiao Lin , Mi Chuanmin
Published: April 2019

This exploratory study used a qualitative approach to segment consumers in an online group buying context based on benefits pursued. 58 participants who have online group buying experience were interviewed. A cluster analysis was conducted on the interview data. The authors found three sub-groups of consumers: economic shoppers, balanced shoppers, and destination shoppers. A hierarchical decision-making process model was developed for different sub-groups of consumers. The results showed that these three sub-groups of consumers are different in terms of their decision-making process. This study overcomes the shortcomings of traditional segmentation studies by proposing a new segmentation method.
Experimental Study on the Mitigation Effect of Polyurethane Foam Densities on the Cylindrical Objects Entering Water at High Velocity
Authors: Qian Hai Tao , Feng Shun Shan , Shao Zhi Yu , Wu Si Yu
Published: April 2019

Polyurethane foam has the properties of energy absorption and mitigating the impact, it has been used in internal protection head cap of cylindrical objects as cushion material, its theory and simulation has been widely discussed by the domestic and foreign scholars, but little experimental research is involved. In this paper, a dynamic loading water-entry impact experiment was designed for polyurethane foam plastics with different densities. In addition, ANSYS/LS-DYNA finite element analysis software was used to simulate water-entry process of cushion materials with different densities. The experimental and simulation results show that the 0.18 g/cm3 polyurethane material can effectively protect the cylindrical head, reduce the stress and have a good cushion effect on it.
Features of the Carbon Nanofibers Growth over Ni-Pd Catalyst Depending on the Reaction Conditions
Authors: Wang Chen , Bauman Yurii , Mishakov Ilya , Vedyagin Aleksey A.
Published: April 2019

Ni-Pd alloy was prepared by a co-precipitation technique. Catalytic decomposition of a model chlorinated hydrocarbon (1,2-dichloroethane) was performed in a quartz flow-through reactor system. Both the temperature regime and the composition of the reaction mixture were varied during the experiments. Concentration of 1,2-dichloroethane was found to affect significantly the kinetics of the process, the yield of the nanostructured carbon product and its textural and morphological characteristics. In terms of optimal temperature, the maximum carbon yield was obtained within a range of 650-670 °C.
Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Mg-7Gd-3Y-1Nd-2Zn-0.5Zr Alloy during Two-Step Homogenization Heat Treatment
Authors: Li Ting , Du Zhi Wei , Liu Wei , Yuan Jia Wei , Zhang Kui , Chen Dong Jie , Zhou Sheng Nan
Published: April 2019

This paper proposes a two-step homogenization heat treatment to dissolve the eutectic structure and long period stacking ordered phase (LPSO) formed during solidification into the α-Mg matrix. The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Mg–7Gd–3Y–1Nd–2Zn–0.5Zr alloy during the two-step homogenization heat treatment have been investigated systemically. The results reveal that as-cast alloy is composed mainly of α-Mg, (Mg,Zn)3RE, eutectic phase, stacking fault, block-like LPSO phase and square-shaped compounds rich in RE. The HRTEM results suggest that the block-like long period stacking ordered phase in as-cast alloy is 14H-type rather than 18R structure, and the stacking sequences of the 14H-LPSO phase are ABABACBCBCBCAB. After the first step homogenization of 520°C for 48 h, the eutectic structure has dissolved into the matrix, whereas the 14H-LPSO phase remains in the alloy. To further dissolve the LPSO phase into matrix, the second step homogenization of 540°C for 24h was adopted. After the second-step of homogenization, the residual 14H-LPSO phase has dissolved into the matrix totally. The as-homogenized alloy is composed mainly of α-Mg and square-shaped compounds rich in RE. The tensile tests at room temperature (RT) exhibit that the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS) and elongation of as-cast alloy are 172 MPa, 128MPa and 2.8%, whereas the UTS, YS and elongation of as-homogenized alloy are 253 MPa, 185 MPa and 8.4, respectively.
Composite Nanostructures for Enhanced Plasmonics
Authors: Joshi Hira , Choudhary Siddharth , Annapoorni S.
Published: April 2019

Enhancement in plasmonic response of metal nanoparticles in the form of metal/metal oxide nanocomposites is very interesting from both the theoretical understanding and application. Metal based oxide/Ag nanocomposites were synthesized by polyol process. Metal oxide nanoparticles present in nanocomposites as core and noble metal as a shell are of interest in investigation of plasmonic behavior of noble metals and sensing application. Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) and ZnO were used as oxide core in the form of spherical and rod nanostructures respectively. Presence of Ag was confirmed by XRD and SEM analysis. In this paper we summarize the synthesis and characterization of plasmonic properties of composite nanostructures. Optical absorption studies performed on CoFe2O4@Ag and ZnO@Ag exhibit sharp plasmonic resonance but shifted towards lower wavelength (blue shift). An attempt has been made to explain this shift using the Mie scattering calculations based on size variation and change in the dielectric of the surrounding medium.
Comparing the Effects of Ultrasonic System of the EDM Process on Machining Cemented Carbide
Authors: Chongkolnee Boonsong , Praneetpongrung Chaiya
Published: April 2019

This research aim to improve the machining properties of the EDM for cemented carbide. The new methods were designed and proposed to use the ultrasonic vibration technique. Two types of USEDM systems were produced. One had a low frequency of 29 kHz with a large vibration amplitude, while the other had a high frequency of 59 kHz with a small amplitude. The Cu-W tool electrode was synchronized with the devised vibration system, and several discharge generation conditions were carried out on the cemented carbide material. The results showed that the highest machining efficiencies were obtained from the ultrasonic low frequency of 29 kHz with a large vibration amplitude. The MRR, TWR and surface roughness of the ultrasonic low frequency with the large vibration amplitude were better than the high frequency system with the small amplitude system. It was clarified that the ultrasonic vibration with the large amplitude could assist the material removal behavior of the discharge.
Identification and Characterization of Functional Human Monoclonal Antibodies to Plasmodium vivax Duffy-Binding Protein
Authors: Carias Lenore L. , Dechavanne Sebastien , Nicolete Vanessa C. , Sreng Sokunthea , Suon Seila , Amaratunga Chanaki , Fairhurst Rick M. , Dechavanne Celia , Barnes Samantha , Witkowski Benoit , Popovici Jean , Roesch Camille , Chen Edwin , Ferreira Marcelo U. , Tolia Niraj H. , Adams John H. , King Christopher L.
Published: April 2019

Plasmodium vivax invasion of reticulocytes relies on distinct receptor-ligand interactions between the parasite and host erythrocytes. Engagement of the highly polymorphic domain II of the P. vivax Duffy-binding protein (DBPII) with the erythrocyte’s Duffy Ag receptor for chemokines (DARC) is essential. Some P. vivax–exposed individuals acquired Abs to DBPII that block DBPII-DARC interaction and inhibit P. vivax reticulocyte invasion, and Ab levels correlate with protection against P. vivax malaria. To better understand the functional characteristics and fine specificity of protective human Abs to DBPII, we sorted single DBPII-specific IgG+ memory B cells from three individuals with high blocking activity to DBPII. We identified 12 DBPII-specific human mAbs from distinct lineages that blocked DBPII-DARC binding. All mAbs were P. vivax strain transcending and targeted known binding motifs of DBPII with DARC. Eleven mAbs competed with each other for binding, indicating recognition of the same or overlapping epitopes. Naturally acquired blocking Abs to DBPII from individuals with high levels residing in different P. vivax–endemic areas worldwide competed with mAbs, suggesting broadly shared recognition sites. We also found that mAbs inhibited P. vivax entry into reticulocytes in vitro. These findings suggest that IgG+ memory B cell activity in individuals with P. vivax strain–transcending Abs to DBPII display a limited clonal response with inhibitory blocking directed against a distinct region of the molecule.
Les fondements des réflexothérapies : 2. L’anatomie
Authors: Malafosse Philippe
Published: April 2019

En médecine comme dans beaucoup de domaines il faut savoir revenir aux fondements. Les réflexothérapies n’échappent pas à cette règle. À partir des bases de l’anatomie classique thoracoabdominale, et en particulier de celles du nerf intercostal, nous nous rendons compte que les points d’acupuncture, comme ceux de réflexothérapie, ont une véritable authenticité.
Vertical restraints in an online world: competition authorities gear up their enforcement approach in the digital economy
Authors: Israel Marc , MacLennan Jacquelyn , Jeram Jan
Published: April 2019

The regulation of vertical restraints is a long-standing facet of competition law, governed at the European level by Article 101 TFEU. However, in the new era of digitization, algorithmic price monitoring and price setting has the potential to lead to rapid and widespread price changes across entire online marketplaces for suppliers, often leading to lower prices, which benefit consumers. The manner in which suppliers react to these pressures has resulted in behaviours that may involve collusion, but more often are reminiscent of classic vertical restraints, albeit in the new digital era. The article considers how the European Commission and some Member States’ national competition authorities have been tackling vertical restraints in the online world, and considers the implications as the European economy continues to digitize.
Excessive intervention? A review of recent excessive pricing investigations
Authors: Ignjatovic Bojana , Hutchinson Paul
Published: April 2019

This article considers the implications of a number of recent cases and court judgments on excessive pricing. It first outlines the economic risks associated with antitrust interventions on excessive pricing. It then seeks to identify a narrow set of specific market conditions to which competition authorities could consider limiting their use of competition law against alleged excessive pricing. The article also highlights the practical challenges in implementing the economic and legal tests for excessive pricing. Finally, it considers whether competition policy is the most appropriate tool with which to ensure that consumers are not charged excessive prices.
A class of ideals in intermediate rings of continuous functions
Authors: Bag Sagarmoy , Acharyya Sudip Kumar , Mandal Dhananjoy
Published: April 2019

For  any  completely  regular  Hausdorff  topological  space X,  an  intermediate  ring A(X) of  continuous  functions  stands  for  any  ring  lying between C∗(X) and C(X).  It is a rather recently established fact that if A(X) ≠ C(X), then there exist non maximal prime ideals in A(X).We offer an alternative proof of it on using the notion of z◦-ideals.  It is realized that a P-space X is discrete if and only if C(X) is identical to the ring of real valued measurable functions defined on the σ-algebra β(X) of all Borel sets in X.  Interrelation between z-ideals, z◦-ideal and ƷA-ideals in A(X) are examined.  It is proved that within the family of almost P-spaces X, each ƷA -ideal in A(X) is a z◦-ideal if and only if each z-ideal in A(X) is a z◦-ideal if and only if A(X) = C(X).
A viscosity iterative technique for equilibrium and fixed point problems in a Hadamard space
Authors: Izuchukwu C. , Aremu K. O. , Mebawondu A. A. , Mewomo O. T.
Published: April 2019

The main purpose of this paper is to introduce a viscosity-type proximal point algorithm, comprising of a nonexpansive mapping and a finite sum of resolvent operators associated with monotone bifunctions. A strong convergence of the proposed algorithm to a common solution of a finite family of equilibrium problems and fixed point problem for a nonexpansive mapping is established in a Hadamard space. We further applied our results to solve some optimization problems in Hadamard spaces.
A non-discrete space X with Cp(X) Menger at infinity
Authors: Bella Angelo , Hernández-Gutiérrez Rodrigo
Published: April 2019

In a paper by Bella, Tokgös and Zdomskyy it is asked whether there exists a Tychonoff space X such that the remainder of Cp(X) in some compactification is Menger but not σ-compact. In this paper we prove that it is consistent that such space exists and in particular its existence follows from the existence of a Menger ultrafilter.
Exact computation for existence of a knot counterexample
Authors: Marinelli K. , Peters T. J.
Published: April 2019

Previously, numerical evidence was presented of a self-intersecting Bezier curve having the unknot for its control polygon. This numerical demonstration resolved open questions in scientic visualization, but did not provide a formal proof of self-intersection. An example with a formal existence proof is given, even while the exact self-intersection point remains undetermined.
Future evolution and uncertainty of river flow regime change in a deglaciating river basin
Authors: Mackay Jonathan D. , Barrand Nicholas E. , Hannah David M. , Krause Stefan , Jackson Christopher R. , Everest Jez , Aðalgeirsdóttir Guðfinna , Black Andrew R.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The flow regimes of glacier-fed rivers are sensitive to climate change due to
strong climate–cryosphere–hydrosphere interactions. Previous modelling
studies have projected changes in annual and seasonal flow magnitude but
neglect other changes in river flow regime that also have socio-economic and
environmental impacts. This study employs a signature-based analysis of
climate change impacts on the river flow regime for the deglaciating Virkisá
river basin in southern Iceland. Twenty-five metrics (signatures) are derived from
21st century projections of river flow time series to evaluate changes in
different characteristics (magnitude, timing and variability) of river flow
regime over sub-daily to decadal timescales. The projections are produced by
a model chain that links numerical models of climate and glacio-hydrology.
Five components of the model chain are perturbed to represent their
uncertainty including the emission scenario, numerical climate model,
downscaling procedure, snow/ice melt model and runoff-routing model. The
results show that the magnitude, timing and variability of glacier-fed river
flows over a range of timescales will change in response to climate change.
For most signatures there is high confidence in the direction of change, but
the magnitude is uncertain. A decomposition of the projection uncertainties
using analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that all five perturbed model chain
components contribute to projection uncertainty, but their relative
contributions vary across the signatures of river flow. For example, the
numerical climate model is the dominant source of uncertainty for projections
of high-magnitude, quick-release flows, while the runoff-routing model is
most important for signatures related to low-magnitude, slow-release flows.
The emission scenario dominates mean monthly flow projection uncertainty, but
during the transition from the cold to melt season (April and May) the
snow/ice melt model contributes up to 23 % of projection uncertainty.
Signature-based decompositions of projection uncertainty can be used to
better design impact studies to provide more robust projections.
The global gig economy: Towards a planetary labour market?
Authors: Graham Mark , Anwar Mohammad Amir
Published: April 2019

We are witnessing the emergence of a ‘planetary labour market’ for digital work. Building on a five-year study of digital work in some of the world’s economic margins, we show a planetary labour market does not do away with geography, it rather exists to take advantage of it. Digital technologies have been deployed in order to bring into being a labour market that can operate at a planetary scale, and has particular affordances and limitations that rarely bolster both the structural and associational power of workers.
New notions in ideal topological space
Authors: Santhini Chinnapazham , Suganya M.
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we apply the notion of I∗∗α g -closed sets to present and study a new class of locally closed sets called I∗∗α g -locally closed sets in ideal topological spaces along with their several characterizations and mutual relationships between the new notion and other locally closed sets. Further we introduce I∗∗α g-submaximal space and some properties of such notion are investigated.
Experimentation, Curiosity, and Forgetting
Authors: Bamford Rebecca
Published: April 2019

I examine how curiosity is grounded in Nietzsche's critique of customary morality. I argue that Nietzsche's positive account of active forgetting is compatible with his treatment of curiosity as a key virtue, and that it can be shown to actively support curiosity. To support the latter claim, I suggest that Nietzschean memorial courtesy can be defined as the application of politeness about memory toward ourselves, toward others, or with regard to specific matters of inquiry.
Priorities Wizard: Multisite Web-Based Primary Care Clinical Decision Support
Improved Chronic Care Outcomes with High Use Rates and High Clinician Satisfaction
Rates
Authors: Sperl-Hillen JoAnn M. , Rossom Rebecca C. , Kharbanda Elyse O. , Gold Rachel , Geissal Erik D. , Elliott Thomas E. , Desai Jay R. , Rindal D. Brad , Saman Daniel M. , Waring Stephen C. , Margolis Karen L. , O’Connor Patrick J.
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Priorities Wizard is an electronic health record-linked, web-based
clinical decision support (CDS) system designed and implemented at multiple Health Care
Systems Research Network (HCSRN) sites to support high quality outpatient chronic
disease and preventive care. The CDS system (a) identifies patients who could
substantially benefit from evidence-based actions; (b) presents prioritized
evidence-based treatment options to both patient and clinician at the point of care; and
(c) facilitates efficient ordering of recommended medications, referrals or
procedures.Methods: The CDS system extracts relevant data from electronic health records
(EHRs), processes the data using Web-based clinical decision support algorithms, and
displays the CDS output seamlessly on the EHR screen for use by the clinician and
patient. Through a series of National Institutes of Health-funded projects led by
HealthPartners Institute and the HealthPartners Center for Chronic Care Innovation and
HCSRN partners, Priorities Wizard has been evaluated in cluster-randomized trials and
expanded to include over 20 clinical domains.Results: Cluster-randomized trials show
that this CDS system significantly improved glucose and blood pressure control in
diabetes patients, reduced 10-year cardiovascular (CV) risk in high-CV risk adults
without diabetes, improved management of smoking in dental patients, and improved high
blood pressure identification and management in adolescents. CDS output was used at
71–77 percent of targeted visits, 85–98 percent of clinicians were satisfied with the
CDS system, and 94 percent reported they would recommend it to colleagues.Conclusions:
Recently developed EHR-linked, Web-based CDS systems have significantly improved chronic
disease care outcomes and have high use rates and primary care clinician
satisfaction.
The Promise of Pragmatic Clinical Trials Embedded in Learning Health
Systems
Authors: Tuzzio Leah , Larson Eric B.
Published: April 2019

This commentary describes the need for a different context to clinical research
that could speed the discovery and implementation of evidence-based advancements to
health care delivery. Pragmatic clinical trials (PCTs) are a promising type of trial
conducted within real-world health care delivery systems like organizations within the
Health Care Systems Research Network, that embrace research as part of their culture of
continuous learning and improvement. In these learning health systems (LHSs) clinical
practice influences research and vice versa. A goal of LHSs is to operationalize
evidence generated by research, particularly PCTs, into improvements that are sustained
after a trial ends. PCTs that demonstrate value to health systems and foster
implementation could reduce delays in translating research into practice.
The Determinants of Profitability of the Pharmaceutical Industry of Bangladesh: A Random Effect Analysis
Authors: Islam Md. Shahidul , Khan Muhammad Saifuddin
Published: April 2019

The present study investigates the factors affecting the profitability of the pharmaceutical industry of Bangladesh. Using the data of 20 listed pharmaceutical companies fully functional in Bangladesh, we found both the firm specific and the macroeconomic specific variables affect the profitability of the companies. A panel dataset of 10 years starting from 2007 to 2016, we ran the random effect regression. The regression output depicts that among the firm specific variables, sales, operating income, operating cost, return on equity and total liabilities have significant effect on the profitability of the companies. We also found that the GDP growth rate and the rate of inflation among the macroeconomic variables have significant deterministic role on the profitability. The regression results followed by recommendations will be a great help to the policy makers both from inside and outside of the corporations.
The Effect of Humor-Integrated Pictures Using Quizlet on Vocabulary Learning of EFL Learners
Authors: Andarab Mehdi Solhi
Published: April 2019

The recent improvements in technology and their integration in language learning have played a facilitating role invocabulary acquisition. Quizlet, an online teacher-/student-friendly tool, is one of the leading applications invocabulary acquisition. Along with the effectiveness of visualization in acquiring vocabulary, humor has been alsoextensively indicated to carry a significant role in language learning. With all its facilitating features, the integrationof technology, humor, and vocabulary can be achieved via Quizlet. In this study, the visual integration of humoraccompanying vocabulary on Quizlet was taken into scrutiny to see to what extent humor-integrated pictures onQuizlet account for the retention of vocabulary acquisition. With this purpose, this study examined the effect ofhumor-integrated pictures on vocabulary acquisition of 45 intermediate English as a foreign language (EFL) learnerson Quizlet. In so doing, the experimental group received a series of unknown vocabulary items for which theintegrated pictures were humorous, while the vocabulary items assigned for the control group were identical, but innon-humorous contexts. At the end, an independent samples t-test applied on the scores achieved from a posttestindicated a significant difference in scores of the control group and that of the experimental group. In fact, thelearners in the experimental group significantly outperformed their counterparts in the control group. The resultsindicated that linking vocabulary items with humorous pictures is more effective than using non-humorous context inlearning vocabulary. Apparently, as the results indicate, the significant effectiveness of technology in vocabularylearning can be boosted with the help of humorous context. The findings shed light on the importance of technologyin language learning and its linking with humor in vocabulary learning.
De immuniteit van de feitelijk leidinggever na NJ 2018/134 (Stichtse Vecht)
Authors: Hornman M.J.
Published: April 2019

De immuniteit van de feitelijk leidinggever na NJ 2018/134 (Stichtse Vecht) – Een analyse in het licht van de uit artikel 2 EVRM voortvloeiende positieve verplichtingen

Op grond van de Pikmeerjurisprudentie deelt de feitelijk leidinggever in de immuniteit van het openbare lichaam waaraan deze is verbonden. In de literatuur wordt ten onrechte aangenomen dat die immuniteit onverenigbaar is met de Straatsburgse positieve verplichtingen-rechtspraak. Deze rechtspraak verplicht enkel tot vervolging indien de betrokken overheidsfunctionaris een wezenlijk persoonlijk verwijt wegens dood door schuld kan worden gemaakt. In alle gevallen waarin deze aansprakelijkheidsdrempel is gehaald, kan de immuniteit eenvoudig worden omzeild door de betrokkene uit hoofde van ‘eigen daderschap’ te vervolgen. Alleen voor minder ernstige gevallen blijft de immuniteit overeind, maar in die situaties bestaat geen verplichting tot vervolging.
De sprekende gelijkenis besproken
Authors: Veerman M.E.
Published: April 2019

De sprekende gelijkenis besproken. Over de toepassing van het sprekende gelijkenis-criterium uit de Regeling wapens en munitie in de rechtspraktijk

Voorwerpen die een ‘sprekende gelijkenis’ vertonen met echte wapens vallen onder de categorie wapens van de WWM waarvoor de strengste restricties gelden. Maar wanneer is sprake van een sprekende gelijkenis, en wanneer niet? De sprekende gelijkenis is in literatuur en rechtspraak herhaaldelijk bekritiseerd en wordt wel bestempeld als een vaag criterium, niet in de laatste plaats omdat de interpretatie van het criterium in de praktijk sterk uiteen zou lopen. Deze bijdrage bevat een onderzoek naar de toepassing van de sprekende gelijkenis in de feitenrechtspraak en verstrekt op basis daarvan enkele aanbevelingen voor de omgang met dit criterium in de rechtspraktijk.
Ethnobotanical investigation of wild vegetables used among local communities in northwest Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Khalid , Weckerle Caroline S. , Nazir Abdul
Published: April 2019

Wild vegetables can contribute to people’s food security and health. In northwest Pakistan, almost 40% of the households are classified as food insecure, due to increasing population and natural and man-made catastrophes. There is an urgent need to get an overview of still existing practices of wild vegetable use and to incorporate such knowledge into agricultural policies. The present study, therefore, aims to collect and analyze information on the most widely and commonly used wild vegetables in northwest Pakistan. Semistructured interviews were performed with 126 informants (26–78-year old) from all 24 districts of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. Information on culinary and medicinal use, cooking methods, and growing and harvest season were collected. A rating scale was used to get the opinion on quality, abundance, and use frequency of wild vegetables. Information on trading was gathered on local and regional markets. Transect walks were done with key informants for specimen collection. A total of 25 wild vegetable species (21 genera, 13 families) were documented. Most of them are herbs (22 spp.). One third of the species needs processing or detoxification prior to cooking. Taste and food quality as perceived by the local people are the main driver for use frequency and commercialization. Length of availability varies from 2 to 7 months with Rumex dentatus and Vicia faba also available during the winter season. Overall, 21 spp. are also used medicinally, mainly for gastrointestinal diseases. Leaves are the preferred plant part for both vegetables and medicines. Nine species are sold in markets, Bauhinia variegata and Caralluma tuberculata throughout the whole province. Local communities in northwest Pakistan have a broad knowledge of local plant use, especially on wild vegetables and their adequate processing. The present study suggests that the most commonly used wild vegetables should be promoted to reinforce food safety and most of them may also be commercialized. Conservation priority has to be given to the commercially harvested Caralluma tuberculata, which is presently overexploited.
Investigation of possible solubility and dissolution advantages of cocrystals, I: Aqueous solubility and dissolution rates of ketoconazole and its cocrystals as functions of pH
Authors: Vasoya Jaydip M. , Shah Ankita V. , Serajuddin Abu T.M.
Published: April 2019

Since there are conflicting reports in the literature on solubility and dissolution advantages of cocrystals over free forms, we systematically studied solubility and intrinsic dissolution rates of a weakly basic drug, ketoconazole, and its cocrystals with fumaric acid and succinic acid as functions of pH to determine what advantages cocrystals provide. pH-solubility profiles were determined in two different ways: one by lowering pH of ketoconazole aqueous suspensions using HCl, fumaric acid and succinic acid, and the other by adjusting pH of cocrystal suspensions using respective coformer acids or NaOH. Similar pH-solubility profiles were obtained whether free base or cocrystals were used as starting materials to determine solubility. With the addition of fumaric and succinic acids to aqueous suspensions of free base to lower pH, the maximum solubility (pHmax) was reached at pH ~3.5-4.0, below which the solubility decreased and cocrystals formed. The solubility, however, continued increasing when HCl was added to ketoconazole suspension as no cocrystal or salt was formed. During determination of cocrystal solubility, a conversion to free base was observed when pH was raised above pHmax. Thus, pH-solubility profiles of cocrystals resembled solubility profiles commonly encountered with salts. Above pHmax, both free base and cocrystal had similar solubility under identical pH conditions; the solubility of cocrystal was higher only if the pH differed. In contrast, intrinsic dissolution rates of cocrystals at pH>pHmax under identical bulk pH were much higher than that of free ketoconazole since cocrystals had lower microenvironmental pH at the dissolving surface, where the solubility was high. Thus, cocrystals of basic drugs can potentially provide higher dissolution rates under intestinal pH conditions.
Optimization of the break-even point for non-homogeneous products sales
Authors: Kucharski Rafał , Wywiał Janusz
Published: April 2019

Break-even point analysis is a classic management accounting tool. In the case of the sale of one product, the notion of the break-even point is well described in the literature, conceptually simple, and relatively easy to apply in business practice. However, when it comes to heterogeneous sales, consisting of various products, this problem is presented less frequently, and the methods used in this case exploit rather arbitrary and often ambiguous criteria. The aim of the article is to present and analyze alternative ways of determining break-even points for non-homogeneous sales based on econometric modeling methods. Production levels determined by the proposed methods meet the classical condition set for the break-even point, and in addition are optimal from the point of view of criteria used in the economic analysis. Three methods were presented: first – based on the classic criterion of profit maximization and linear programming, second – minimizing variable production costs and taking into account the scale effects on the production costs, and third – taking into account the random aspect of the business operations and maximizing the probability of profitability. According to the authors' knowledge, the proposed methods are original and are not known in the existing literature on the subject.
Wytwarzanie powłok kompozytowych z nanomateriałami węglowymi na różnych podłożach, badanie ich struktur oraz oddziaływań mikrobiologicznych
Authors: Buczko Zofia , Osuchowska Ewa , Olkowicz Klaudia , Tomassi Piotr , Żółciak Tadeusz , Błażejewska Aleksandra , Grudniak Anna
Published: April 2019

Otrzymano powłoki kompozytowe z materiałem węglowym dwu rodzajów. Pierwszy rodzaj to grupa próbek na bazie tlenku glinu zawierająca warstwy porowatego tlenku glinu z cienką warstewką węgla, warstwy porowatego tlenku glinu z wbudowaną miedzią jako fazą dyspersyjną oraz warstwy porowatego tlenku glinu z wbudowaną miedzią i dodatkową warstewką węgla. Druga grupa to powłoki cynkowe na stali oraz kompozytowe powłoki cynkowe z płatkowym grafenem jako fazą dyspersyjną. Do otrzymywania materiału węglowego w postaci płatków grafenowych oraz jako węglowej warstwy wierzchniej zastosowano metodę CVD. Powłoki charakteryzowano za pomocą mikroskopii SEM oraz spektroskopii Ramana. Oddziaływanie mikrobiologiczne wytworzonych próbek zbadano na bakteriach Escherichia coli oraz Staphylococcus aureus. Powłoki na bazie tlenku glinu nie wykazały właściwości przeciwdrobnoustrojowych. Obiecujący wynik otrzymano natomiast dla próbek cynkowych. Na powierzchni powłoki cynkowej wbudowany był proszek grafenowy. Zaobserwowano antybakteryjne działanie tych powłok. Również sama powłoka cynkowa działała mikrobiologicznie, lecz o wiele słabiej niż kompozytowa.
Quantitation of Mycotoxins in Four Food Matrices Comparing Stable Isotope Dilution Assay (SIDA) with Matrix-Matched Calibration Methods by LC–MS/MS
Authors: Li Dan , Steimling Justin A. , Konschnik Joseph D. , Grossman Scott L. , Kahler Ty W.
Published: April 2019

Background: Mycotoxins are big concerns in food safety. Analytical methods are important for the evaluation of mycotoxins in different food commodities. Objective: In this study, stable isotope dilution assay (SIDA) was compared with a matrix-matched calibration method
for the quantification of mycotoxins in four different commercially available commodities and two reference materials. Methods: All samples were extracted with water–acetonitrile (50+50, v/v), followed by filtration and LC–tandem MS analysis. Results: SIDA calibration
accuracies ranged from 78.6 to 112% with relative SDs (RSDs) ≤16% across all four matrices. The majority of the recoveries across all matrices ranged from 70 to 120% with RSDs <11%. Of the four mycotoxins in the reference materials analyzed, only three had 13C-internal standard
(IS), whereas the fourth was quantified using a closely eluting 13C-IS for a different mycotoxin. Mycotoxins paired with their corresponding 13C-IS had accuracies >90%, whereas accuracies for the mismatched mycotoxin/13C-IS were <14%. Conclusions:
When 13C-IS are not available, matrix-matched calibration was also evaluated as an alternative to quantitating target mycotoxins. The use of 13C-IS is the best way to dynamically account for prevalent matrix effects, but matrix matching provides a viable alternative.
Highlights: The study compared SIDA and matrix-matched calibration methods in terms of recovery, efficiency, advantages, and limitations for LC-MS based mycotoxin analysis.
The Noema, Husserlian and Beyond
Authors: Kersey Ethel M. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2019

This bibliography cites and annotates 104 English language references on the Husserlian noema. Explication i s informative rather than critical with special emphasis being placed on the controversial concept/percept status of the noema. Scholars interested In this "Gurwitschlan-Follesdallan" debate may find their research facilitated by this bibliography.
Audiovisual produzido por jovens surdos: um roteiro de inclusão e acessibilidade
Authors: Gutierrez Ericler Oliveira
Published: April 2019

Este trabalho analisa a relação entre educação e comunicação no contexto da educacional de surdos. A interface entre esses campos, para essa minoria, está baseada nas produções audiovisuais que têm desconsiderado as especificidades culturais e linguísticas da comunidade surda. Parte dessa produção cultural tem sido apenas adaptada por meio de legendas ou janelas de interpretação em língua de sinais, mas pouca produção é de autoria de surdos. A pesquisa investiga a produção audiovisual de alunos surdos na perspectiva da educação para as mídias. Analisa o telejornal O Jornal do Surdo, realizado pelos participantes em uma oficina de linguagem audiovisual, instrumento de pesquisa-ação. Os dados evidenciam a urgência em se desenvolver políticas de incentivo à realização audiovisual de alunos surdos, considerando a relevância da visualidade desses sujeitos para a criação de novas estéticas audiovisuais. Conclui que a inclusão de surdos na produção de novas linguagens amplia o espaço de participação no contexto audiovisual e viabiliza o empoderamento de realizadores surdos.
A língua de sinais na formação do profissional da área de ciências humanas e sociais aplicadas
Authors: Kozlik Silva Weslley , Pittner Pollyana
Published: April 2019

Um assunto importante que vem sendo discutido é a crescente necessidade de melhoria da formação de profissionais para atuar com pessoas com necessidades especiais, como condição essencial para uma adequada inclusão destas pessoas em todos os âmbitos da vida social. A surdez é uma das condições especiais com que o profissional da área das Ciências Humanas e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas pode se deparar em sua prática, e sabe-se que a forma de comunicação do surdo é por meio da Língua Brasileira de Sinais – LIBRAS. Dessa forma, torna-se relevante pesquisar sobre como está ocorrendo a formação destes profissionais nos cursos de graduação e se os conteúdos referentes à surdez, especificamente com relação à LIBRAS, são trabalhados. Para isso, objetivou-se analisar as disciplinas das grades curriculares de três cursos destas áreas buscando identificar estes aspectos. De acordo com os objetivos a que este trabalho se propôs, utilizou-se a metodologia de pesquisa documental, com caráter misto, ou seja, tanto qualitativa como quantitativa. Os resultados apontam que a maioria das instituições estudadas não incluem esta disciplina em seus currículos, ressaltando-se a importância de que as instituições de ensino superior realizem avaliações periódicas sobre seus projetos pedagógicos e estruturas formativas, buscando adequar seu ensino voltado às necessidades da sociedade atual, pois a presença de pessoas com necessidades especiais em todas as esferas da vida social é uma realidade para a qual não se pode mais fechar os olhos.
A narrativa de universitários cegos acerca de suas experiências acadêmicas
Authors: Sousa Silva Danielle , Rossato Maristela , Soares Carvalho Erenice Natalia
Published: April 2019

A educação inclusiva, enquanto modalidade transversal de ensino no Brasil tem exigido o desenvolvimento de estratégias pedagógicas no âmbito educacional, em específico, na Educação Superior. Atualmente, observa-se um número crescente de estudantes com deficiência ingressos nas diversas universidades brasileiras em diferentes cursos de graduação. Esta situação traz desafios aos processos de organização de currículo, avaliação e promoção de estratégias que contribuam com o acesso, permanência e conclusão destes estudantes. Nesta linha, este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as narrativas de estudantes universitários cegos acerca de suas experiências acadêmicas no Ensino Superior visando contribuir para a abertura de novos campos de inteligibilidade sobre o processo de inclusão nesse nível de ensino. O estudo foi desenvolvido em uma universidade brasileira (Distrito Federal), a partir da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 02 estudantes cegos, durante um semestre letivo. A análise dos resultados culminou nos seguintes eixos temáticos: a) Os desafios curriculares, e b) Os sentidos acerca da inclusão acadêmica. Depreende-se da análise realizada, o desconhecimento por parte do universitário cego acerca dos direitos concernentes às estratégias adaptativas que devem ser acessadas no seu processo de escolarização. Além disso, as estratégias pedagógicas, quando desenvolvidas e ofertadas para os participantes, não se basearam em práticas pedagógicas específicas para o sujeito cego, mas em escolhas casuais e pessoais a depender dos seus respectivos professores.
Diagnóstico dos meios utilizados pela Instituição de Ensino Superior para geração do capital social regional
Authors:   Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Conto Samuel Martim de , Feil Alexandre André
Published: April 2019

O ambiente concorrencial que as organizações estão enfrentando necessita que a resposta das suas ações tenha como elementos primordiais a receita e o lucro. Entretanto, há organizações de ensino que se configuram como sendo comunitárias, onde o envolvimento com a comunidade é também um elemento primordial. Essa relação com diversos atores possibilita a geração de Capital Social Regional (CSR), aspecto essencial para este tipo de organização. Diante disso, o estudo propõe-se a analisar como o capital social pode ser gerado por uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES) comunitária a fim de contribuir para o desenvolvimento regional. Para o desenvolvimento do estudo, o método utilizado foi a abordagem qualitativa e exploratória, utilizando procedimentos técnicos do tipo fontes secundárias, por meio de dois conjuntos de artigos coletados das bases EBSCO e SPELL, levantamentos bibliográficos sobre o assunto, análise de conteúdo e documentos internos da organização estudada. Como resultados desse estudo são apresentados aspectos que demonstram a importância de uma IES comunitária na promoção do CSR, confirmando ainda a sua missão como ator na contribuição do desenvolvimento regional.
¿Francia fue invitada al Congreso Anfictiónico de Panamá de 1826? Evidencias en el margen de una controversia internacional
Authors: De la Reza Germán A.
Published: April 2019

Objective/context: The article examines the traces of documentation of the possible invitation of France to the Amphictyonic Congress of Panama in 1826. This invitation is unknown to most historians due to the scarce documentary evidence. To carry out our inquiry, we consulted the set of available clues: diplomatic correspondence; primary sources; documents from the period; types of diplomatic operations; the identity of the Colombian agent likely to have sent the invitation and the profile of the person supposedly proposed to represent the French government. Originality: Most of the studies available ignore this episode in the relations between France and Latin America during the first years of Independence. Even some of the most influential historians deny its possibility. To our knowledge, this article is the first in systematically analyze the invitation to France while considering a variety of documents and records from Europe and America. Methodology: The research was guided by a historiographical approach, which was based on an exhaustive search of the sources. Conclusions: The article argues that the invitation did indeed take place as an offer, and that the rejection of the French prime minister was motivated by his alliance with the Government of Spain. Likewise, the way the invitation was handled drove the French Government to seek neutrality in the War of Independence. This attitude was indirectly shown by the fact that Franch approached Great Britain to mediate the conflict.
Teoria e práxis revolucionária dos trotskistas brasileiros (São Paulo, 1930-1945)
Authors: Lobo de Arruda Campos Alzira , Gomes Ghizzi Godoy Marília , Lopes de Souza Rafael
Published: April 2019

Objective/context: It is possible to verify the role performed by the first activist dissidents from Stalinism aiming at noticing the impact from Marxist-Leninist theory and Russian Revolution on the organization of thinking and left-wing militancy in the capital of São Paulo. The Brazilian Trotskyists ideas and action, during the 1920s and 1930s, are re-evaluated from the analysis of primary sources, in order to understand the interpretations that the dissidents have given to historical events in which they were active and fervent protagonists. In that manner, we expect to get to a more rigorous interpretation of the formation and development of PCB (Brazilian Communist Party). Originality: The studies on PCB usually assume a Stalinist bias, despising Trotskyists as cowards or traitors of Proletarian Revolution. This analysis reveals the Trotskyists interpretation of the events in which they participated, with the support of vast documentation, mostly unpublished, preserved in workers and police archives. Methodology: This approach uses concepts consecrated by the Marxist-Leninist dialectical method, raised to the category of “subject knowledge”, understood as blocks of historical knowledge that were present and disguised in the interior of functional and systematic sets, and that were disqualified as non-conceptual knowledge, hierarchically inferior. This is an approach that questions the formal systematizations from consecrated authors and raises the narratives of individuals who were silenced by power. By focusing on human actions and meanings that go unnoticed in broad analytical frameworks, the goal is to extract from facts that are apparently common a relevant sociocultural dimension, with the use of the narrative as a resource. Conclusions: Strongly influenced by immigrants and by anarchism, the Brazilian labor movements created their own labor unions and parties, and the most important was the Brazilian Communist Party, founded in 1922. In no time, as a consequence of the mortal fight between Stalin and Trotsky, the Brazilian comrades strongly disagreed about the course of the revolution, originating a severe dispute for the dominance of the party’s direction, considering that it was moving away from historical materialism and condemned, for this procedure, the proletarian progress to deviance and defeat. The opponent most operating group, gathered in the International Communist League, started a constant fight against the party’s direction and political policy, becoming the repression preferential victims during the difficult times under the dictatorship of Getúlio Vargas.
Prehemodialysis arteriovenous access creation is associated with better cardiovascular outcomes in patients receiving hemodialysis: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Yen Cheng-Chieh , Liu Mei-Yin , Chen Po-Wei , Hung Peir-Haur , Su Tse-Hsuan , Hsu Yueh-Han
Published: April 2019

Background

Cardiovascular (CV) disease contributes to nearly half of the mortalities in patients with end-stage renal disease. Patients who received prehemodialysis arteriovenous access (pre-HD AVA) creation had divergent CV outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a population-based cohort study by recruiting incident patients receiving HD from 2001 to 2012 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients’ characteristics, comorbidities, and medicines were analyzed. The primary outcome of interest was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), defined as hospitalization due to acute myocardial infarction, stroke, or congestive heart failure (CHF) occurring within the first year of HD. Secondary outcomes included MACE-related mortality and all-cause mortality in the same follow-up period.

Results

The patients in the pre-HD AVA group were younger, had a lower burden of underlying diseases, were more likely to use erythropoiesis-stimulating agents but less likely to use renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system blockers. The patients with pre-HD AVA creation had a marginally lower rate of MACEs but a significant 35% lower rate of CHF hospitalization than those without creation (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.48–0.88]). In addition, the pre-HD AVA group exhibited an insignificantly lower rate of MACE-related mortality but a significantly 52% lower rate of all-cause mortality than the non-pre-HD AVA group (adjusted HR 0.48, 95% CI [0.39–0.59]). Sensitivity analyses obtained consistent results.

Conclusions

Pre-HD AVA creation is associated with a lower rate of CHF hospitalization and overall death in the first year of dialysis.