bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peculiarities in the panoramic radiograph of patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism due to terminal renal disease: a radiologic controlled comparative study
Authors: Moest Tobias , Jahn Arne Eric , Heller Katharina , Schiffer Mario , Adler Werner , Rohde Maximilian , Weber Manuel , Kesting Marco Rainer , Lutz Rainer
Published: May 2022

Objectives

The present radiological observational controlled study aims to evaluate the impact of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) due to chronic kidney disease (CKD) as well as the duration of dialysis on the mineralization of the mandible by standardized qualitative evaluation of digital panoramic radiographs.

Methods

Panoramic radiographs of CKD patients with SHPT and healthy controls were used for the qualitative analysis of the mandibular cortical index (MCI), the trabecular bone pattern (TBP), and calcification and resorption foci. Radiomorphometric indices were correlated to biochemical parameters and the duration of dialysis using the Spearman Rho test. Group comparisons were conducted using the Mann–Whitney U test and Fisher’s exact test at a significance level of α ≤ 0.05. Interrater reliability of two physicians was estimated using Cohen’s kappa.

Results

Inclusion and exclusion criteria were fulfilled by N = 41 patients. Statistically significant differences in the MCI (p < 0.001) as well as the TBP (p = 0.002) could be detected for the experimental group in comparison to the healthy control group. Focusing on calcification and resorption foci, no statistically significant difference could be detected between the groups (p = 0.244). The level of the detected parathyroid hormone (PTH) significantly correlated with TBP (Rho = 0.338; p = 0.031), while no significant relationship between TBP and the duration of the dialysis could be found.

Conclusions

Patients with SHPT due to CKD show statistically significant bone changes in the panoramic radiograph, whereby the grade of trabecular bone change correlates to PTH values.
Verletzte Ansprüche. Zur Grammatik des politischen Bewusstseins von ArbeiterInnen
Authors: Beck Linda , Westheuser Linus
Published: May 2022

Der Beitrag nimmt eine Kartierung der alltäglichen Gesellschaftskritik vor, die deutsche ProduktionsarbeiterInnen in informellen Interviewsettings äußern. Er rekonstruiert sieben typische Repertoires der Arbeiterkritik entlang der Gerechtigkeitsdimensionen ökonomischer Umverteilung, symbolischer Anerkennung und politischer Repräsentation. Die Alltagskritik der ArbeiterInnen veranschaulicht zentrale Charakteristika jenes politischen Bewusstseins, das dominierte Gruppen unter den Bedingungen einer demobilisierten Klassengesellschaft entwickeln. Damit ist ein Zustand gemeint, in dem Klassenverhältnisse zwar für objektive Lagen und Alltagserleben prägend bleiben, kulturelle Ausdrucksformen kollektiver Klassenidentität und politische Repräsentationskanäle aber brüchig geworden sind oder gänzlich fehlen. Wie der Artikel in Anknüpfung an Überlegungen Axel Honneths empirisch zeigt, liegt der Kern der Arbeiterkritik unter diesen Umständen in einem Unrechtsbewusstsein, das negativ durch den Bezug auf Übertretungen impliziter Erwartungen und Moralökonomien bestimmt ist. Dieser Zugang ermöglicht ein umfangreicheres und nuancierteres Verständnis der politischen Orientierungen von ArbeiterInnen, als es öffentliche Diskurse um einen vermeintlichen politischen Rechtsdrift der Arbeiterschaft nahelegen.
An effective algorithm to detect the possibility of being MSI phenotype in endometrial cancer given the BMI status and histological subtype: a statistical study
Authors: González Villa Isabel , González Dávila Enrique Francisco , Afonso Idaira Jael Expósito , Blanco Leynis Isabel Martínez , Ferrer Juan Francisco Loro , Galván Juan José Cabrera
Published: May 2022

Purpose

In endometrial cancer, the incidence of mutations in mismatch repair genes (MMR) is estimated at 17–30%. Patients with alterations at this level (MSI) are known to have different clinical and anatomopathological characteristics than those without this genetic alteration (MSS). In this study, we aim to identify the MSI phenotype in patients who underwent hysterectomy for endometrial cancer. We assessed the correlation of this phenotype with anatomoclinical parameters such as obesity and histological subtype.

Methods/patients

Clinical and anatomopathological data were collected from 147 patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer and an immunohistochemical study of MMR system proteins was performed. PMS2 and MSH6 proteins were evaluated as primary screening and subsequent evaluation of MLH1 and MSH6, respectively, if the former were negative. Statistical association between the anatomopathological data and the immunohistochemical result was analyzed.

Results and conclusions

22.4% of our patients were MSI phenotype. We obtained statistically significant differences by multivariate analysis between endometrioid subtype and higher FIGO classification grade with MSI phenotype and obesity with MSS phenotype. Given these statistical results, we propose a function for predicting the probability of being MSI phenotype taking into account the histological subtype (endometrioid/non-endometrioid carcinoma) and FIGO grade as well as obesity. This prediction may be useful prior to hysterectomy, for genetic study of the MLH1 promoter and subsequent genetic counseling.
The Death of the Monograph?
Authors: Shaw Philip , Phillips Angus , Gutiérrez Maria Bajo
Published: May 2022

A survey of English language academic publishers in the UK, Europe and North America was undertaken in 2021. The objective was to gather data on the current landscape of academic monograph publishing in the arts, humanities, and social sciences and to identify trends. Respondents were asked about their monograph publishing activities, sales, distribution, and about the future direction of their programmes. The paper offers independent analysis of publisher information that may be helpful in informing the debate among stakeholders as to the future of the publication of long-form research in the arts, humanities and social sciences. The results offer key insights into the growth in output of titles, the level of print sales, the move towards open access, usage of monographs, and their pricing.
Sustainment Rates and Factors for Multidimensional Family Therapy in Europe and North America
Authors: Dakof Gayle A. , Ricardo Mia M. , Rowe Cynthia , Henderson Craig , Rigter Henk , Liddle Howard A.
Published: May 2022

This retrospective non-experimental study examined the short-term (2-year) and longer-term (5-year and 8-year) sustainment of 137 programs in Europe and North America implementing a single evidence-based practice (EBP), Multidimensional Family Therapy (MDFT). MDFT implementation and sustainment is based on the Stages of Implementation (SIC) model outlined by Saldana and colleagues. The study had two primary objectives: (1) to examine short-term and longer-term sustainment rates of MDFT in Europe and North America, and (2) to explore potential factors that may be associated with sustainment of MDFT in particular, and the potential implications for behavioral health EBPs more generally. Results show that 90% of MDFT programs were sustained for at least 2 years, 87% of the programs sustained for at least 5 years, and 70% for at least 8 years. These findings compare favorably with the previous research on implementing and sustaining evidence-based practices. The findings support the growing consensus that not only start-up funding but also ongoing financing either through governments or third-party payors may be essential for longer-term sustainability of EBPs in both Europe and North America. This study also highlights the potential value of multi-site program networks. Future research directions are suggested, such as examination of the potential importance of the quality and nature of the EBP itself, adaptability to different organizations and clients, and providing high-quality structured and empowering training and quality assurance to sustain evidence-based behavioral health interventions. These programmatic and clinician-level factors are critical areas for further investigation into the sustainment of EBPs.
Linear State/Signal Systems
Authors: Arov Damir Z. , Staffans Olof J.
Published: May 2022

The authors explain in this work a new approach to observing and controlling linear systems whose inputs and outputs are not fixed in advance. They cover a class of linear time-invariant state/signal system that is general enough to include most of the standard classes of linear time-invariant dynamical systems, but simple enough that it is easy to understand the fundamental principles. They begin by explaining the basic theory of finite-dimensional and bounded systems in a way suitable for graduate courses in systems theory and control. They then proceed to the more advanced infinite-dimensional setting, opening up new ways for researchers to study distributed parameter systems, including linear port-Hamiltonian systems and boundary triplets. They include the general non-passive part of the theory in continuous and discrete time, and provide a short introduction to the passive situation. Numerous examples from circuit theory are used to illustrate the theory.
Poetry and Number in Graeco-Roman Antiquity
Authors: Leventhal Max
Published: May 2022

Poetry and mathematics might seem to be worlds apart. Nevertheless, a number of Greek and Roman poets incorporated counting and calculation within their verses. Setting the work of authors such as Callimachus, Catullus and Archimedes in dialogue with the less well-known isopsephic epigrams of Leonides of Alexandria and the anonymous arithmetical poems preserved in the Palatine Anthology, the book reveals the various roles that number played in ancient poetry. Focussing especially on counting and arithmetic, Max Leventhal demonstrates how the discussion, rejection or enacting of these two operations was bound up with wider conceptions of the nature of poetry. Practices of composing, reading, interpreting and critiquing poetry emerge in these texts as having a numerical component. The result is an illuminating new way of approaching Greek and Latin poetry – and one that reaches across modern disciplinary divisions.
The Practice of American Constitutional Law
Authors: Powell H. Jefferson
Published: May 2022

Americans often think about constitutional law in terms of high-profile decisions by the Supreme Court – decisions that divide the justices by ideology, not law. This focus often leads to the erroneous conclusion that constitutional law arguments are, and can only be, political in substance. In The Practice of American Constitutional Law, H. Jefferson Powell demonstrates that there is a longstanding, shared practice of constructing and evaluating constitutional law claims that transcends current political disagreements. Powell describes how lawyers and judges identify constitutional problems by using a specifiable method of inquiry that enables them to agree on what the questions are, and thus what any plausible answer must address, even when disagreement over the most persuasive answers remains. Rather than being simply politics by other means, constitutional law is the successful practice of giving substance to the Constitution as supreme law.
Programming in Ada 2012 with a Preview of Ada 2022
Authors: Barnes John
Published: May 2022

The latest edition of the definitive guide to the Ada language covers the full details of the core language Ada 2012 as updated by the 2016 ISO Corrigendum and introduces the key new features planned for Ada 2022. The book begins by introducing the fundamental concepts for newcomers, before moving onto algorithmic aspects and then structural features such as OOP and multitasking. The fourth part give details of the standard library and interaction with the external environment. Six complete executable programs illustrate the core features of the language in action. The book concludes with an appendix outlining what is coming in Ada 2022, which will be aimed at aiding program proof and the efficient use of multicore architectures.
The French Monarchical Commonwealth, 1356–1560
Authors: Collins James B.
Published: May 2022

How does authority become power? How does power justify itself to achieve its ends? For over two hundred years, the Valois kings relied on a complex mixture of ideologies, ruling a monarchical commonwealth with a coherent theory of shared governance. Forged in the Hundred Years War, this commonwealth built on the defense of the public good (bien public) came undone both practically and theoretically during the Wars of Religion. Just as certain kings sought to expand the royal prerogative, so, too, elites fought to preserve their control over local government. Using town archives from more than twenty cities to complement traditional sources of political theory, The French Monarchical Commonwealth, 1356–1560 establishes the relationship between seemingly theoretical constructs, like the Salic Law, and the reality of everyday politics.
Invading Ecological Networks
Authors: Hui Cang , Richardson David
Published: May 2022

Until now, biological invasions have been conceptualised and studied mainly as a linear process: from introduction to establishment to spread. This volume charts a new course for the field, drawing on key developments in network ecology and complexity science. It defines an agenda for Invasion Science 2.0 by providing new framings and classification of research topics and by offering tentative solutions to vexing problems. In particular, it conceptualises a transformative ecosystem as an open adaptive network with critical transitions and turnover, with resident species heuristically learning and fine-tuning their niches and roles in a multiplayer eco-evolutionary game. It erects signposts pertaining to network interactions, structures, stability, dynamics, scaling, and invasibility. It is not a recipe book or a road map, but an atlas of possibilities: a 'hitchhiker's guide'.
Postcolonial People
Authors: Kalter Christoph
Published: May 2022

Having built much of their wealth, power, and identities on imperial expansion, how did the Portuguese and, by extension, Europeans deal with the end of empire? Postcolonial People explores the processes and consequences of decolonization through the histories of over half a million Portuguese settlers who 'returned' following the 1974 Carnation Revolution from Angola, Mozambique, and other parts of Portugal's crumbling empire to their country of origin and citizenship, itself undergoing significant upheaval. Looking comprehensively at the returnees' history and memory for the first time, this book contributes to debates about colonial racism and its afterlives. It studies migration, 'refugeeness,' and integration to expose an apparent paradox: The end of empire and the return migrations it triggered belong to a global history of the twentieth century and are shaped by transnational dynamics. However, they have done nothing to dethrone the primacy of the nation-state. If anything, they have reinforced it.
Negotiating Identities: Understanding Highland–Coastal Interaction in the Early Intermediate Period in theChaupiyungaof the Moche Valley, Peru
Authors: Billman Brian R. , Ringberg Jennifer , Bardolph Dana N. , Rosario Jesús Briceño
Published: May 2022

Understanding the complex relationships among social identities, long-distance exchange, and migration has long been an important issue in archaeology. In the central Andes, archaeologists have grappled with these issues to understand highland–coastal interaction. We present a case study of these relationships in the coca-growing zone of the Moche Valley (chaupiyungazone, 200–1,200 m asl) during the Early Intermediate period (400 BC–AD 600). We focus on reconstructing the social identities of the people who lived at Cerro León, a large hill town situated astride an important access route into thechaupiyungafrom the highlands. Unlike most sites in thechaupiyunga, the site is dominated by highland-style pottery. Petrographic analysis indicates that the sources of the highland-style pottery were in the adjacent highlands. Our analysis of daily domestic activities, vernacular architecture, personal adornment, and ritual practices, including burial practices, indicates that most of the residents of Cerro León were immigrants from the highlands. We argue that these immigrants produced and reproduced a distinctive highland (Culle) identity throughout the occupation of the site, which lasted 100 to 200 years. Evidence demonstrates that site residents had extensive exchange relationships with coastal Yunga communities in the lower and middle Moche Valley.
ON -ALGEBRAS WHICH DETECT NUCLEARITY
Authors: POP FLORIN
Published: May 2022

A
$C^{*}$
-algebra A is said to detect nuclearity if, whenever a
$C^{*}$
-algebra B satisfies
$A\otimes _{\mathrm{min}} B = A\otimes _{\mathrm{max}} B,$
it follows that B is nuclear. In this note, we survey the main results associated with this topic and present the background and tools necessary for proving the main results. In particular, we show that the
$C^{*}$
-algebra
$A = C^{*}(\mathbb {F}_{\infty })\otimes _{\mathrm{min}} B(\ell ^{2})/K(\ell ^{2})$
detects nuclearity. This result is known to experts, but has never appeared in the literature.
OSCILLATION OF IMPULSIVE LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH DISCONTINUOUS SOLUTIONS
Authors: DOĞRU AKGÖL SIBEL
Published: May 2022

Sufficient conditions are obtained for the oscillation of a general form of a linear second-order differential equation with discontinuous solutions. The innovations are that the impulse effects are in mixed form and the results obtained are applicable even if the impulses are small. The novelty of the results is demonstrated by presenting an example of an oscillating equation to which previous oscillation theorems fail to apply.
Food security and diet quality in a racially diverse cohort of postpartum women in the USA
Authors: Hudak Katelin M. , Gonzalez-Nahm Sarah , Liu Tiange , Benjamin-Neelon Sara E.
Published: May 2022

Food insecurity has been associated with poor diet, but few studies focused on the postpartum period – an important time for women’s health. We examined associations between food security and diet quality in postpartum women and assessed whether participation in federal food assistance programmes modified this potential relation. Using longitudinal data, we analysed the association between food security at 3 months postpartum and a modified Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI) at 6 months postpartum (excluding alcohol). We conducted multivariable linear regressions examining associations between food security and AHEI. We assessed two food assistance programmes as potential effect modifiers. The sample included 363 postpartum women from the Nurture study, located in the Southeastern USA (2013–2017). Among women, 64·4 % were Black and 45·7 % had a high school diploma or less. We found no evidence of an interaction between food security and two federal food assistance programmes. In adjusted models, marginal, low and very low food security were not associated with AHEI. However, low (β: −0·64; 95 % CI −1·15, −0·13; P = 0·01) and very low (β: −0·57; 95 % CI −1·02, −0·13; P = 0·01) food security were associated with greater trans fat intake. Food security status was not associated with overall diet quality but was associated with higher trans fat (low and very low) and more moderate alcohol (marginal) intake. Future studies should assess the consistency and generalisability of these findings.
What factors drive gender differences in the body mass index? Evidence from Turkish adults
Authors: Caglayan-Akay Ebru , Ertok-Onurlu Merve , Komuryakan Fulden
Published: May 2022

In recent years, studies show that obesity has become an important health condition, especially among adults. The first aim of this study is to examine socio-demographic and behavioural factors on body mass index distribution of male and female adults over 20 years old in Turkey. The second aim is to determine the body mass index disparity by gender and the socio-demographic and behavioural factors that might wider or narrow it. This study adopts unconditional quantile regression and decomposition methods, and the data set covers the Turkish Health Surveys for 2014, 2016, and 2019. The findings document that high level of body mass index are associated with being married, aging, and physical inactivity. Interestingly, employment status has different contributions on the body mass index of males and females. The results also claim a body mass index gap among males and females as a result of differences in some potential socio-demographic and behavioural factors, and the gap gets higher at the upper and lower quantiles of BMI distribution. This study may provide a clear understanding for policymakers on how to design efficacious obesity policies considering the differences in the effect of socio-demographic and behavioural factors on the distribution of body mass index across females and males. The results suggest that the Ministry of Health should specifically target different groups for males and females and should reduce the differences in socio-demographic and behavioural determinants between females and males to prevent and reduce obesity prevalence in Turkey.
Medialisation laryngoplasty with bone wax in a sheep model
Authors: Nachalon Y , Cates D J , Nativ-Zeltzer N , Belafsky P C
Published: May 2022

Objective

To evaluate the safety and biocompatibility of bone wax as an implant material for medialisation laryngoplasty in a large animal model.

Methods

Three Dorper-cross ewes underwent type I thyroplasty of the right vocal fold with bone wax. The animals were monitored for four weeks for general wellbeing. The animals were euthanised and the larynges harvested. Histological evaluation was performed to assess for adverse tissue reaction and biocompatibility.

Results

The mean (± standard deviation) amount of bone wax implanted was 0.49 g (± 0.12 g). No adverse events were reported. Ex vivo vibration was present on high-speed imaging for all medialised vocal folds. Histology demonstrated implanted paraffin embedded within the thyroarytenoid muscle with no evidence of resorption, a minimal inflammatory infiltrate, and a thin fibrotic capsule.

Conclusion

The results of this investigation suggest that bone wax may be a safe and efficacious implant material for medialisation laryngoplasty. Further studies are necessary to assess its long-term safety and efficacy.
Articulation of vowel length contrasts in Australian English
Authors: Ratko Louise , Proctor Michael , Cox Felicity
Published: May 2022

Acoustic studies have shown that in Australian English (AusE), vowel length contrasts are realised through temporal, spectral and dynamic characteristics. However, relatively little is known about the articulatory differences between long and short vowels in this variety. This study investigates the articulatory properties of three long–short vowel pairs in AusE: /iː–ɪ/ beat – bit, /ɐː–ɐ/ cart – cut and /oː–ɔ/ port – pot, using electromagnetic articulography. Our findings show that short vowel gestures had shorter durations and more centralised articulatory targets than their long equivalents. Short vowel gestures also had proportionately shorter periods of articulatory stability and proportionately longer articulatory transitions to following consonants than long vowels. Long–short vowel pairs varied in the relationship between their acoustic duration and the similarity of their articulatory targets: /iː–ɪ/ had more similar acoustic durations and less similar articulatory targets, while /ɐː–ɐ/ were distinguished by greater differences in acoustic duration and more similar articulatory targets. These data suggest that the articulation of vowel length contrasts in AusE may be realised through a complex interaction of temporal, spatial and dynamic kinematic cues.
Efficacy and safety/tolerability of antipsychotics in the treatment of adult patients with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kishimoto Taishiro , Hagi Katsuhiko , Kurokawa Shunya , Kane John M. , Correll Christoph U.
Published: May 2022

Background

Antipsychotics are widely used in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), but there has been no comprehensive meta-analytic assessment that examined their use as monotherapy and adjunctive therapy.

Methods

A systematic review and a meta-analysis were conducted on randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) that reported on the efficacy and safety/tolerability of antipsychotics for the treatment of adults with MDD. Data of both monotherapy and adjunctive antipsychotic use were extracted, but analyzed separately using a random-effects model. Co-primary outcomes were study-defined-treatment response and intolerability-related discontinuation. We also illustrated the risk/benefit balance of antipsychotics for MDD, using two-dimensional graphs representing the primary efficacy and safety/tolerability outcome. Secondary outcomes included psychopathology, remission, all-cause-discontinuation, inefficacy-related discontinuation, and adverse events.

Results

Forty-five RCTs with 12 724 patients were included in the analysis. In monotherapy (studies = 13, n = 4375), amisulpride [1.99 (1.55–2.55)], sulpiride [1.50 (1.03–2.17)], and quetiapine [1.48 (1.23–1.78)] were significantly superior to placebo regarding treatment response. However, intolerability-related discontinuations were significantly higher compared to placebo with amisulpride and quetiapine. In adjunctive therapy (studies = 32, n = 8349), ziprasidone [1.80 (1.07–3.04)], risperidone [1.59 (1.19–2.14)], aripiprazole [1.54 (1.35–1.76)], brexpiprazole [1.41 (1.21–1.66)], cariprazine [1.27 (1.07–1.52)], and quetiapine [1.23 (1.08–1.41)] were significantly superior to placebo regarding treatment response. However, of these antipsychotics that were superior to placebo, only risperidone was equivalent to placebo regarding discontinuation due to intolerability, while the other antipsychotics were inferior.

Conclusion

Results suggest that there are significant differences regarding the risk/benefit ratio among antipsychotics for MDD, which should inform clinical care.
Solomon, his temple, and Ottoman imperial anxieties
Authors: Grenier Carlos
Published: May 2022

Several works focusing on the complex figure of Solomon appeared between 1450 and 1580, each offering variations on the themes of empire-building, sedentarization, sacral kingship, and technological change.The Dürr-i Meknun, written around the time of the conquest of Constantinople, uses Solomon to illustrate the risks of urbanization, imperial hubris and potential tyranny. The second, the Süleyman-name by the technically inclined author Uzun Firdevsi, portrays Solomon in the image of Sultan Bayezid II. The prophet, using his bureaucratic capacities, enacts Ottoman dreams of control over the eastern Mediterranean. Finally, the accounts given of the deeds of Sultan Süleyman, notably the reconstruction of the Temple Mount and the construction of the Süleymaniye complex in Istanbul, show the Solomonic myth consciously enacted by the state itself. These sources trace a trajectory whereby anxieties surrounding the transformations of early modernity are expressed and worked through by means of the vocabulary of a prophetological sacred history.
Safety of drug-eluting stents for stenting patent arterial duct in neonates
Authors: Kurup Harikrishnan K.N. , Gopalakrishnan Arun , Sasikumar Deepa , Krishnamoorthy Kavassery M.
Published: May 2022

Objectives:

The primary objective was to evaluate the trend of blood sirolimus concentrations in neonates following ductal stenting. The long-term outcomes and incidence of infections were also evaluated.

Methods:

Prospective open-label observational study in a tertiary referral centre over a 1-year period. Serum sirolimus levels were estimated at 1 hour and 24hrs post-stent insertion followed by 7 days in neonates who underwent ductal stenting. The trend in sirolimus levels, incidence of infections, complications and outcomes following ductal stenting were studied.

Results:

Seven neonates with duct-dependent pulmonary circulation underwent ductal stenting at median age of 8.5 days and weight of 2.83kg. The average stent size was 3.5±0.4 mm, and average stent length was 16.3±5.1 mm. The mean sirolimus concentrations at 1 hour, 24 hours and 7 days were 41.3±6.9ng/ml, 15.4±7.1ng/ml and 3.1±0.85ng/ml respectively. Levels fell below therapeutic range for all patients by 7 days. Three patients had sepsis or necrotising enterocolitis, but responded well to antibiotics; 1 patient had aspiration related sudden death. There were no further events at a mean follow-up of 207 days, and 4 patients underwent elective surgery at 238 ± 81 days after ductal stenting.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrates applicability of drug-eluting stents for ductal stenting in newborns. Drug-eluting stents with abluminal drug delivery are associated with high sirolimus levels in initial hours but rapidly taper to negligible levels within a week of implantation. Neonates with high pre-procedure likelihood of infection developed sepsis but responded well to conservative management. The patency of drug-eluting ductal stents is preserved over long-term follow-up.
Paediatric cardiologist adherence to American Heart Association neurodevelopmental recommendations for CHD patients
Authors: Sidhu Sharnendra K. , McLaughlin Laura J. , Pham Tammy B. , Lazarevic Bojan , Kriegel Elana R. , Rosenthal Hannah E. , Rabinowitz Edon J. , Milanaik Ruth L.
Published: May 2022

A 2012 American Heart Association statement concluded that children with CHD are at an increased risk for neurodevelopmental delays. Routine surveillance and evaluation throughout childhood are recommended. To assess paediatric cardiologist compliance with American Heart Association guidelines and developmental referral practices, a survey was distributed to paediatric cardiologists nationwide (n = 129). The majority of participants (69%) stated they were somewhat familiar or not familiar with the American Heart Association statement and were concerned about patients not being properly referred to specialists for developmental evaluation. Forty paediatric cardiologists (31%) indicated that their institution did not have a neurodevelopmental cardiology programme. Of these, 25% indicated they generally did not refer CHD patients for neurodevelopmental evaluation, 45% performed surveillance and referred if warranted, and 30% generally referred all patients for surveillance. Lastly, 43% of paediatric cardiologists did not feel responsible for developmental surveillance, and 11% did not feel responsible for referrals. To ensure all children with CHD are appropriately screened and referred, paediatricians and cardiologists must work together to address differing impressions of accountability for surveillance and screening of children with CHD.
Partially open stent after balloon catheter iatrogenic perforation. How to solve this complication using a novel technique? The Mij-Her technique
Authors: Mijangos-Vázquez Roberto , Hernández-Reyes Rogelio
Published: May 2022

Complications related to pulmonary artery stenting are potentially life-threatening. We reported a novel technique of how to achieve the introduction of a partial dilated stent into a long sheath using a snare in the event of a iatrogenic perforation of a balloon catheter.

There are no publications of similar techniques describing successful resolution of this type of complication.
Network leadership for transformative capacity development: roles, practices and challenges
Authors: Strasser Tim , de Kraker Joop , Kemp René
Published: May 2022

Non-technical summary

A wide variety of social innovations exist today that offer urgently needed pathways for transforming societal systems into more just, sustainable and regenerative ways of organising human existence on this planet. However, a more systematic and practically useful understanding is needed of how individuals and organisations can strengthen the transformative capacity of people working on connecting, spreading, maturing and structurally embedding these innovations. This study presents an updated conceptual framework of network leadership roles and practices, and describes how these can contribute to more widespread, systemic and lasting impact of social innovations.

Technical summary

This study tests and refines a conceptual framework, describing the roles and practices of network leadership that can support the development of transformative capacities, in the context of social innovation networks. Such capacities include spreading social innovations in wider society, embedding them in policy and public discourse, and generating continuity and further development of social innovation activities. We studied five cases of transnational social innovation networks involving community-led and student-led sustainability initiatives. Practitioners in these networks were asked to rate and comment on the perceived recognisability and importance of network leadership roles and practices, as well as challenges, which we articulated in a previous study and further developed in the current study through participant observation and document analyses. This resulted in a revision of the roles and practices, the identification of relations between roles and a better understanding of how they can contribute to transformative capacity development. The interviews also helped to clarify the practical usefulness of the framework, suggesting possible applications for evaluating, prioritising and aligning roles performed by various individuals and organisations. The findings are relevant for better understanding and guiding distributed agency in transformative social innovation networks.

Social media summary

Roles and practices for network leadership to enable more widespread, systemic and lasting impact of social innovation.
Transitionsorientierte Patientenschulung bei Adoleszenten und jungen Erwachsenen mit ADHS
Authors: Schmidt Hannah , Heidemann Lara-Sophie , Menrath Ingo , Bomba Franziska , Thyen Ute , Ernst Gundula
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Der Übergang von der kind- zur erwachsenenzentrierten Behandlung birgt bei chronischen Erkrankungen zahlreiche Herausforderungen. Dies kann bei Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörungen (ADHS) durch krankheitsspezifische Charakteristika zusätzlich erschwert werden. Ziel dieser Sekundäranalyse war die Evaluation eines Transitionsworkshops bei Betroffenen mit ADHS. Methodik: Insgesamt wurden 56 Adoleszente und junge Erwachsene mit ADHS (Alter M = 17.3 Jahre, SD = 1.1, 17.9 % weiblich) und ihre Eltern quasirandomisiert einer Kontroll- (KG, n = 28) oder Interventionsgruppe (IG, n = 28) zugewiesen. Die KG erhielt die reguläre medizinische Versorgung, während die IG zusätzlich an einem eineinhalbtägigen Transitionsworkshop (ModuS-T) teilnahm. Vor Beginn sowie 4 Wochen nach der Intervention wurden die Transitionskompetenz mit der Transitionskompetenzskala (TKS), die Patientenaktivierung mit dem Patient Activation Measure 13 for Adolescents (PAM® 13) und die Versorgungszufriedenheit mit dem Fragebogen zur Patientenzufriedenheit (ZUF-8) erfasst. Ergebnisse: Die IG wies eine signifikant verbesserte Transitionskompetenz ( p ≤ .001) gegenüber der KG auf. Hinsichtlich der Patientenaktivierung zeigte sich kein bedeutsamer Interventionseffekt ( p = .194). Insgesamt wies die IG eine hohe Zufriedenheit mit dem Workshop auf. Diskussion: Bislang wurden Transitionsworkshops überwiegend bei somatischen Erkrankungen evaluiert. Diese Sekundäranalyse deutet darauf hin, dass ein generisch konzipierter Workshop auch bei psychischen Erkrankungen mit einer verbesserten Transitionskompetenz und hohen Versorgungszufriedenheit assoziiert ist. Die Integration derartiger Angebote in den Versorgungsalltag ist zu diskutieren.
Higher Resting Cardiovagal Activity Predicts Larger Decrease of Depressive Symptoms in Inpatients Treated for Stress-Related Depression
Authors: La Marca Roberto , Pallich Gianandrea , Holtforth Martin grosse , Hochstrasser Barbara
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Depression is one of the most prevalent mental disorders, with treatment outcomes generally being unsatisfactory. The identification of outcome predictors could contribute to improving diagnosis, treatment, and outcome. Heart rate variability (HRV), an index of cardiovagal activity, has been proposed as a potential correlate of depression as well as a predictor of treatment effectiveness. The aim of the present study was to examine if HRV at baseline could predict the outcome of inpatient treatment for stress-related depressive disorder (SRDD). Depressive symptoms of n = 57 inpatients with an SRDD, who were treated in a specialized burnout ward, were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) at the beginning, the end of treatment, and at 3-month follow-up. HRV (i.e., RMSSD, the root mean square of successive RR interval differences) was determined from a five-minute measurement in the supine position. RMSSD was not significantly associated with the BDI score at the beginning, end, and follow-up. Higher RMSSD was revealed to be a significant predictor of a stronger decrease in depressive severity from the beginning to the end of the treatment. Thereby, the regression model explained 7.6% of the total variance in the BDI decrease. The results revealed initial HRV to predict a larger decrease in depressive severity. Therefore, resting HRV represents a physiological resource and index of successful neurovisceral interaction, which supports inpatients in benefitting from specialized treatment.
Sub‐Volcanic Structure Beneath Marius Hills, Moon, Inferred From Vent Distribution
Authors: Cañón‐Tapia Edgardo , Jacobo‐Bojorquez Rocío A.
Published: May 2022

The lunar region of Marius Hills has been interpreted as either a shield volcano or a volcanic complex lacking a central zone of magma accumulation at depth. The magmatic structure beneath Marius Hills inferred from gravity anomalies suggests the presence of dyke groups within the upper 20 km of lunar crust. However, the difference in character between the north and south free‐air anomalies remains enigmatic. In this work, we study the surface distribution of volcanic vents as an alternative method to obtain information concerning the magmatic structure beneath Marius Hills. A robust identification of independent groups of vents is made using several clustering methods, therefore avoiding possible biases associated with the particular form of analysis. The obtained results confirm the presence of the zones of magma accumulation inferred from gravity analysis but also serve to delineate in more detail the structure of the underlying plumbing system. Furthermore, the joint interpretation of the gravity, topography, and vent distribution analysis indicates that although Marius Hills should not be considered as a fully developed shield volcano as Mauna Kea on Earth, it shares some aspects of other terrestrial large shields where crustal differences (in thickness, lithology, presence of faults, etc.) exert a strong influence on the distribution of vents at the surface.
Revealing the Intricate Dune‐Dune Interactions of Bidisperse Barchans
Authors: Assis W. R. , Cúñez F. D. , Franklin E. M.
Published: May 2022

Three dimensional dunes of crescentic shape, called barchans, are commonly found on Earth and other planetary environments. In the great majority of cases, barchans are organized in large fields in which corridors of size‐selected barchans are observed, and where barchan‐barchan interactions play an important role in size regulation. Previous studies shed light on the interactions between barchans by making use of monodisperse particles, but dunes in nature consist, however, of polydisperse grains. In this paper, we investigate the binary interactions of barchans consisting of (a) bidisperse mixtures of grains and (b) different monodisperse grains (one type for each barchan). We performed experiments in a water channel where grains of different sizes were poured inside forming two barchans that interacted with each other while filmed by a camera, and we obtained their morphology from image processing. We observed that a transient stripe appears over the dunes in cases of bidisperse mixtures, that interaction patterns vary with concentrations, and that different interactions exist when each barchan consists of different monodisperse grains. Interestingly, we found the conditions for a collision in which the upstream barchan is larger than the downstream one, and we propose a timescale for the interactions of both monodisperse and bidisperse barchans. Our results represent a new step toward understanding complex barchanoid structures found on Earth, Mars, and other celestial bodies.
A Terrestrial‐Aquatic Model Reveals Cross‐Scale Interactions Regulate Lateral Dissolved Organic Carbon Transport From Terrestrial Ecosystems
Authors: Talbot Ceara J. , Bolster Diogo , Medvigy David , Jones Stuart E.
Published: May 2022

Lateral carbon transport (LCT), the flux of terrestrial C transported to aquatic ecosystems, displaces carbon (C) across the terrestrial‐aquatic continuum and is on the same order of magnitude as terrestrial net ecosystem production. However, few continental scale C models include LCT or the C‐hydrology linkages necessary for modeling LCT. Those that do exist, borrow processes and conceptual understanding from watershed scale models, assuming that large‐scale and small‐scale drivers of LCT are the same. We develop a conceptual framework of LCT, which focuses on lateral dissolved organic carbon (DOC) transport (LCT‐DOC), and operationalize it with a coupled terrestrial‐aquatic C and hydrology model. After comparing our model LCT‐DOC to previous estimates derived from a summation of landscape scale fluxes for the Contiguous U.S., we use model experiments to partition the importance of LCT‐DOC drivers including total annual precipitation, air temperature, and plant traits, which interact across regional and local scales. We find that climate is the strongest driver of LCT‐DOC, where LCT‐DOC is positively related to precipitation but inversely related to temperature at continental scales. However, the net effect of climate on LCT‐DOC is the product of cross‐scale interactions between climate and vegetation. Plant traits also interact strongly with climate and have a measurable influence on LCT‐DOC, with water use efficiency as the most influential plant trait because it couples terrestrial water and C cycling. We demonstrate that our conceptual framework and relatively simple linked C‐hydrology process model of LCT‐DOC can inform hypotheses and predict LCT‐DOC.
Krypton Isotopes Provide New Clues to Planets’ Pasts
Authors: Wilke Carolyn
Published: May 2022

To trace how crucial ingredients for life arrived at Earth, scientists track noble gases. Now, improved methods are drawing new clues from krypton, the most cryptic of noble gases.
Clues from the Sea Paint a Picture of Earth’s Water Cycle
Authors: DeLong Kristine , Atwood Alyssa , Moore Andrea , Sanchez Sara
Published: May 2022

New instrumentation and growing modeling needs in the Earth sciences are driving a renewed effort to compile and curate seawater oxygen isotope data in a centralized, accessible database.
Red meat consumption and risk factors for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Sanders Lisa M. , Wilcox Meredith L. , Maki Kevin C.
Published: May 2022

Background and objectives

Results from observational studies suggest an association of red meat intake with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). However, results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have not clearly supported a mechanistic link between red meat intake and T2D risk factors. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on RCTs evaluating the effects of diets containing red meat (beef, pork, lamb, etc.), compared to diets with lower or no red meat, on markers of glucose homeostasis in adults.

Methods

A search of PubMed and CENTRAL yielded 21 relevant RCTs. Pooled estimates were expressed as standardized mean differences (SMDs) between the red meat intervention and the comparator intervention with less or no red meat.

Results

Compared to diets with reduced or no red meat intake, there was no significant impact of red meat intake on insulin sensitivity (SMD: −0.11; 95% CI: −0.39, 0.16), insulin resistance (SMD: 0.11; 95% CI: −0.24, 0.45), fasting glucose (SMD: 0.13; 95% CI: −0.04, 0.29), fasting insulin (SMD: 0.08; 95% CI: −0.16, 0.32), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c; SMD: 0.10; 95% CI: −0.37, 0.58), pancreatic beta-cell function (SMD: −0.13; 95% CI: −0.37, 0.10), or glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1; SMD: 0.10; 95% CI: −0.37, 0.58). Red meat intake modestly reduced postprandial glucose (SMD: −0.44; 95% CI: −0.67, −0.22; P < 0.001) compared to meals with reduced or no red meat intake. The quality of evidence was low to moderate for all outcomes.

Conclusions

The results of this meta-analysis suggest red meat intake does not impact most glycemic and insulinemic risk factors for T2D. Further investigations are needed on other markers of glucose homeostasis to better understand whether a causal relationship exists between red meat intake and risk of T2D.

PROSPERO registration

CRD42020176059
Multisensory correlation computations in the human brain identified by a time-resolved encoding model
Authors: Pesnot Lerousseau Jacques , Parise Cesare V. , Ernst Marc O. , van Wassenhove Virginie
Published: May 2022

Neural mechanisms that arbitrate between integrating and segregating multisensory information are essential for complex scene analysis and for the resolution of the multisensory correspondence problem. However, these mechanisms and their dynamics remain largely unknown, partly because classical models of multisensory integration are static. Here, we used the Multisensory Correlation Detector, a model that provides a good explanatory power for human behavior while incorporating dynamic computations. Participants judged whether sequences of auditory and visual signals originated from the same source (causal inference) or whether one modality was leading the other (temporal order), while being recorded with magnetoencephalography. First, we confirm that the Multisensory Correlation Detector explains causal inference and temporal order behavioral judgments well. Second, we found strong fits of brain activity to the two outputs of the Multisensory Correlation Detector in temporo-parietal cortices. Finally, we report an asymmetry in the goodness of the fits, which were more reliable during the causal inference task than during the temporal order judgment task. Overall, our results suggest the existence of multisensory correlation detectors in the human brain, which explain why and how causal inference is strongly driven by the temporal correlation of multisensory signals.
Microwave assisted antibacterial action of Garcinia nanoparticles on Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Qiao Yuqian , Xu Yingde , Liu Xiangmei , Zheng Yufeng , Li Bo , Han Yong , Li Zhaoyang , Yeung Kelvin Wai Kwok , Liang Yanqin , Zhu Shengli , Cui Zhenduo , Wu Shuilin
Published: May 2022

Owing to the existence of the outer membrane barrier, most antibacterial agents cannot penetrate Gram-negative bacteria and are ineffective. Here, we report a general method for narrow-spectrum antibacterial Garcinia nanoparticles that can only be effective to kill Gram-positive bacteria, to effectively eliminate Gram-negative bacteria by creating transient nanopores in bacterial outer membrane to induce drug entry under microwaves assistance. In vitro, under 15 min of microwaves irradiation, the antibacterial efficiency of Garcinia nanoparticles against Escherichia coli can be enhanced from 6.73% to 99.48%. In vivo, MV-assisted GNs can effectively cure mice with bacterial pneumonia. The combination of molecular dynamics simulation and experimental results reveal that the robust anti-E. coli effectiveness of Garcinia nanoparticles is attributed to the synergy of Garcinia nanoparticles and microwaves. This work presents a strategy for effectively treating both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria co-infected pneumonia using herbal medicine nanoparticles with MV assistance as an exogenous antibacterial auxiliary.