bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Encuesta: diez preguntas sobre Trilce
Authors: Dreyfus Mariela , Areta Marigó Gema , Ortega Julio , Vich Víctor
Published: August 2022

La conmemoración del centenario de Trilce de César Vallejo es motivo de claro regocijo para la poesía de todo el ámbito hispano. Se trata del libro mayor de nuestras vanguardias, el conjunto de poemas que mejor resume y plasma el sentido de aventura, riesgo y resignificación que acompaña siempre a los textos fundadores. Siguiendo esa razón, la redacción de nuestra revista confeccionó un cuestionario de diez preguntas acerca del contexto y el texto de Trilce y aquí presentamos las respuestas de cuatro destacados intelectuales: desde Nueva York, ciudad en la que reside hace buenos años, responde la poeta Mariela Dreyfus; desde su oficina de Brown University, el crítico y escritor Julio Ortega responde con precisión; la profesora Gema Areta Marigó, de la Universidad de Sevilla, con ejemplar laconismo, da cuenta del cuestionario y, finalmente, se suma a ellos Víctor Vich, reconocido investigador literario y profesor de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. A continuación, la lista de preguntas y las respuestas de cada uno.
La idea de Dios en la poesía de César Vallejo y Martín Adán
Authors: Piñeiro Andrés
Published: August 2022

El presente texto tiene como propósito dar cuenta de la idea de Dios en las obras poéticas de los autores peruanos César Vallejo (1892-1938) y Martín Adán (1908-1985). En la obra de ambos poetas está presente dicha idea. En el caso de Vallejo, la idea de Dios está marcada por las características humanas, sobre todo de carácter negativo, que el poeta le atribuye a la divinidad y el grado de confrontación que tiene con ella en Los heraldos negros, Trilce y Poemas humanos. Así mismo, se destaca una suerte de armonía con la divinidad en España, aparta de mí este cáliz. En el caso de Martín Adán también se observa la presencia de la idea de Dios en toda su obra poética, pero con dos actitudes distintas hacia ella. La primera, de conformidad con la tradición cristiana, como se ve desde los poemas iniciales agrupados bajo el título de Itinerario de primavera hasta Travesía de extramares. Sonetos a Chopin. La segunda, de distancia frente a dicha tradición. Finalmente, se ofrecerán las semejanzas y diferencias de la apropiación de la idea de Dios en las obras de ambos autores.
Magda Portal: figura representativa de la práctica política y de la emancipación de la mujer del siglo XX
Authors: Lovón Cueva Carolina Mirian
Published: August 2022

María Magdalena Julia del Portal Moreno, también conocida como Magda Portal, fue escritora vanguardista y activista política y una de las figuras femeninas más importantes del siglo XX en el Perú y en el mundo. Diversos escritos feministas, de la vanguardia y del activismo político han centrado su atención en Magda Portal, que ha sido notablemente reconocida por su ingenio literario y su constante proselitismo político. En su legado literario se encuentra una sensibilidad histórica que impulsa al espíritu a protestar contra las injusticias sociales resultantes del imperialismo y la oligarquía. Así mismo, a través de su escritura femenina, registra la preocupación por la condición de la mujer de su época. También es reconocida por representar una práctica social y un activismo comprometido con la conquista de los derechos de la mujer peruana. Para este trabajo se ha contemplado una variada bibliografía acerca de la acción de lucha social y política de esta intelectual frente a una sociedad imperialista y patriarcal. Por ello, se considera de vital importancia la figura de Magda Portal como eje representativo de la práctica política y de la emancipación de la mujer en el Perú.
Finnegans Wake. Una lectura anotada de cuatro capítulos (2021)
Authors: De Lima Paolo
Published: August 2022

Reseña bibliográfica de Finnegans Wake, por James Joyce, versión, sinopsis y estudios de J. D. Victoria, posfacio de Elizabeth Delgado Nazario. Colmena Editores.
ESTRATEGIAS DE SENSIBILIZACIÓN Y CONCIENCIA AMBIENTAL EN ZONAS RURALES, PERÚ
Authors: Sánchez Pantaleón Alex Javier , Chávarry Ysla Patricia del Rocio
Published: August 2022

El objetivo fue proponer estrategias de sensibilización para mejorar la conciencia ambiental en agricultores del centro poblado Sialupe Huamantanga de Lambayeque. La problemática   se centró en la necesidad de implementación de estrategias de sensibilización en temas ambientales en el sector agrícola. La metodología comprendió el enfoque cuantitativo de tipo básico y diseño transversal; la población muestral estuvo representada por 120 agricultores del lugar de estudio, se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta y se administró un cuestionario. Se concluye que la conciencia ambiental de los agricultores de acuerdo a las dimensiones cognitiva, afectiva, conativa y activa tienen un nivel bajo (54%), seguido del nivel medio con 37% y por último un nivel alto con solo el 9% del total. Frente a esta realidad se diseñó una propuesta, cuya estructura se basa en la teoría del desarrollo sostenible que considera el equilibrio en tres pilares fundamentales que es el tema ambiental, la equidad social y lo económico. Se propusieron estrategias de sensibilización ambiental como: las campañas de información por medios de comunicación; educación por talleres y charlas presenciales en temas ambientales relacionados a la agricultura e incentivos por buenas prácticas agrícolas.
PLAN DE MOTIVACIÓN HERZBERGIANA Y DESEMPEÑO LABORAL DEL DOCENTE UNIVERSITARIO
Authors: Cieza Sánchez Edwar , Chávarry Ysla Patricia del Rocio
Published: August 2022

La presente investigación contiene los resultados de la investigación realizada sobre la motivación basado en la teoría de Herzberg del desempeño laboral docente. Cuyo enfoque de la investigación fue de carácter cuantitativo. La población estuvo conformada por 150 estudiantes y la muestra estuvo integrada por 86 estudiantes de la Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería Civil de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Chota, a quienes se aplicó un cuestionario de la encuesta desempeño docente en la Unan-Managua adaptado en el Perú por Estrada et al (2019), obteniéndose que el desempeño laboral en los docentes de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Chota según la evaluación de los estudiantes predominó el nivel alto en 72,1%, el 17,4% lo calificó medio y el 10,5% con un nivel bajo.

 Palabras clave. Desempeño laboral, motivación, percepción.
CONTROL INTERNO, FACTOR CLAVE PARA LA DISMINUCIÓN DE RIESGOS INTERNAL CONTROL, A KEY FACTOR IN REDUCING RISKS
Authors: Romero Carazas Rafael , Yupaycana Serrano Ruckminy , Calderon Huaman Liz Arlene , Ruiz Rodríguez Margarita Jesús
Published: August 2022

La formación de una organización sin fines de lucro es una ardua tarea que requiere mucha responsabilidad, ya que se realizan procesos que permiten ejecutar acciones para lograr los objetivos de la entidad, las cuales muchas veces se lleva a la práctica con limitaciones o situaciones adversas, que pueden traer como consecuencia situaciones de riesgo que obstruyan el trabajo que ya se viene realizando. En este sentido, en el presente artículo se propone identificar el grado de relación del Control Interno y la Gestión de Riesgo en una Organización sin Fines de Lucro en el año 2021. La metodología utilizada fue el enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo correlacional. Se elaboraron dos cuestionarios de opinión, una para la variable Control Interno y otra para la variable Gestión de Riesgo. Dicho instrumento, luego de pasar por el proceso de validación de expertos y confiabilidad, se aplicó a una muestra censal de 10 socios y 5 trabajadores de la Asociación Nacional de Desarrollo Educativo, Ecológico y Social (ANDEES-PACHATUSAN). Después del procesamiento de datos en el programa SPSS y el uso del coeficiente de correlación, Rho de Spearman, se obtuvo como resultado que existe relación entre el Control Interno y la Gestión de Riesgo, obteniendo como resultado un Rho de Spearman (R= 0,951; Sig. =0,00<0,05), por lo que se acepta la hipótesis alterna. De esta manera, se concluye que el adecuado control interno que se realiza en la asociación beneficia en la disminución de la Gestión de riesgos, evitando situaciones que contravengan el pertinente desarrollo de la entidad.
LA COVID-19 Y SU INCIDENCIA EN LOS INGRESOS DE LOS COMERCIANTES AMBULANTES DEL MERCADO MODELO DE LA CIUDAD DE CHACHAPOYAS
Authors: Cueva Vega Edinson , Zuta Castillo Percy , Morales Rojas Eli
Published: August 2022

El presente proyecto de investigación tiene por objetivo determinar la incidencia de la pandemia por el Covi-19 en los ingresos de los comerciantes ambulantes del mercado modelo de la ciudad de Chachapoyas, 2020. La investigación fue de tipo cuantitativo con un nivel descriptivo, no experimental de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 35 comerciantes ambulantes, mismos que respondieron al cuestionario planteado. Por su parte, el análisis de datos se realizó a través del software Excel. También, se elaboró un modelo econométrico de regresión lineal simple para determinar la relación entre el comercio ambulatorio en pandemia y los ingresos de los comerciantes ambulantes. Los resultados mostraron que los comerciantes se vieron afectados de manera negativa en sus ingresos; es decir, sus ingresos disminuyeron.
OPPORTUNITIES AND LIMITATIONS FOR THE GROWTH OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN THE REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST
Authors:   Institute for Demographic Research FCTAS RAS, Khramova Marina N. ,   MGIMO University, Zorin Dmitry P. ,   Institute for Demographic Research FCTAS RAS
Published: August 2022

The paper considers some aspects of the formation of human capital in the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District. According to the human development index, the regions of the Russian Far East show a differentiated picture. On the one hand, two subjects — the Sakhalin Oblast and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) — are among the top ten. On the other hand, the Zabaykalsky Krai and the Jewish Autonomous Region are at the bottom of the list, showing the worst values. The fact that a number of subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District practically does not show positive dynamics over time indicates the presence of a systemic crisis: demographic and socio-economic. Negative changes in the demographic structure of the population, caused by depopulation and migration outflow of part of the able-bodied population to other regions call into question the achievement of sustainable economic growth. The uneven distribution of the population, due to the peculiarities of natural and climatic conditions, economic specialization and access to the resource base, is another factor constraining the growth of human capital in the macroregion. It is shown that for the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District, a special role in the formation of human capital and the possibilities for sustainable development is played by factors that ensure public access to transport and social infrastructure facilities.
In vitro antioxidant activity of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L) peel
Authors: Zubaydah W.O.S. , Sartinah A. , Nuralifah  , Waelti  , Sabarudin  , Yamin
Published: August 2022

Free radicals are electron-deficient species that are very reactive to cause various diseases,
such as diabetes, cholesterol, cardiovascular disease, cancer, hypertension, and others. For
this reason, antioxidant compounds are needed that can inhibit the performance of free
radicals. Caco is a plant that contains many phenolic and flavonoid compounds that have
potential as antioxidants. This study aimed to evaluate the total phenolic and flavonoid
content as well as in vitro antioxidant assay. Cocoa fruit powder was macerated with
methanol, and then fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate as solvents.
The antioxidant power was measured by DPPH and ABTS methods. The phenolic content
was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteau method, and the flavonoid content was measured
using the AlCl3 colourimetric method. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest
antioxidant activity using both the DPPH and ABTS methods with IC50 values of
5.61±0.032 mg/mL and 5.773±0.018 mg/mL, respectively. The total phenolic and
flavonoid content of the ethyl acetate fraction showed high values, namely 22.767±0.1097
mg GAE/g sample and 90.337±0.552 mg QE/g sample, respectively. The cocoa peel can
be developed as a natural antioxidant and can be used as a functional food.
ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE ONLINE EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY IN ROMANIAN PRE-UNIVERSITY EDUCATION WITHIN THE PANDEMIC CONTEXT
Authors: LUCA Sabina-Adina , GHEORGHIŢĂ Bogdan
Published: August 2022

Educational policy is, in a broad sense, the process of driving change and/or introducing innovations into the education system (Haddad & Demsky, 1995; Haheu-Munteanu, 2019). In the work of government, the ministries in charge usually aim to manage this process, starting from the assumed political programs. These imply strategic objectives, action directions or implementation strategies. Sometimes, however, the various crises affecting social systems, and therefore also the education system, require the implementation of contextual solutions, decisions taken under conditions of uncertainty. Given the context of the Covid-19 pandemic and the need to implement measures that meet the need to protect the health of students and teachers, we aim, through this study, to capture the range of attitudes and perceptions related to the policies implemented, as well as the various changes in the professional training of teachers, training “forced” by the need to use technology in online teaching. By means of a sociological survey based on an online questionnaire to Romanian pre-university teachers, we aim to inventory teachers’ reports on some aspects related to the pandemic context: the beginning of the pandemic and the frustration associated with this moment, the pandemic and the development of different digital skills, but also future projections about the desirability of using different tools and digital skills developed during the pandemic in “post-pandemic” teaching activity.
CHRISTOPHE ANDRE AND MUZO, I OVERCOME MY ANXIETY AND FEAR. Bucharest, Trei Publishing House, 2021, 264 pages, ISBN 978-606-401-182-4
Authors: LEFTER Steliana
Published: August 2022

Book review
Analisis Perbandingan Tingkat Kesehatan Bank BUMN dan Bank BUMS di Indonesia
Authors: Darman Darman , Maulana Muh. Akbar , Tope Patta
Published: August 2022

Tingkat kesehatan Bank merupakan gambaran kondisi suatu bank yang diartikan sebagai kemampuan suatu bank untuk melakukan kegiatan operasionalnya dengan normal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan kesehatan bank Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) dan Badan Usaha Milik Swasta (BUMS). Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode analisis deskriptif  dan uji Mann Whitney U yang berfokus pada rasio NPL (Net Performing Loan), ROA (Return On Assets), CAR (Capital Adequacy Ratio) serta Self Assesment untuk Menilai GCG (Good Coorporate Governace). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan tingkat kesehatan pada bank BUMN dan bank BUMS berdasarkan pendekatan Risk Based Bank Rating dan uji Mann Whitney U dengan menggunakan metode RGEC.
Internet Financial Reporting Pada Rumah Sakit Berstatus Badan Layanan Umum: Perlukah?
Authors: Pangesti Mulyono Resha Dwi Ayu , Firdaus Fahmi
Published: August 2022

Based on PP. 74 of 2012 on the change of hospital status to Public Service Board (RS-BLU) changed the perspective of the responsibility of the hospital in informing its operational performance. The practice of preparing and presenting the RS-BLU financial statements in Indonesia is not in accordance with PSAK 45, thus indicating financial management that is not in accordance with the financial accounting standard (SAK) that has been determined and affects stakeholder decision-making related to budget acceptance accessibility due to limited relevance of performance information sources on its financial statements. The purpose of this research is to analyze the increase of financial reporting value stakeholder through presentation of financial statements based on PSAK 45 with internet financial reporting as a detector to build stakeholder trust and increase source of RS-BLU budget revenue. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method describes, describes, compare a data with theory based on literature study that obtained from the source of publication documentation (The Asian Sun Life Index of Health in 2017). The results show that most of the RS-BLU in Indonesia do not apply financial reporting according to PSAK 45 and have a negative image in the eyes of their stakeholders, low capital financing and RS-BLU health service quality decreased by 65%.
Soğuk iklim bölgelerinde Duncan-Chang bünye model parametrelerinin belirlenmesi
Authors: ÖZLÜ Veysel , ORAKOĞLU FIRAT Müge Elif
Published: August 2022

Bu çalışmada, killi bir zemine ait gerilme-deformasyon ilişkileri Duncan-Chang modeli ile tahmin edilmiş olup, model parametreleri ve donma-çözülme çevrimleri arasındaki matematiksel ilişkiler açıklanmıştır. Deneysel ve matematiksel model sonuçları arasındaki korelasyonlar incelenerek, modelin donma-çözülme altındaki killi zeminlerin gerilme-deformasyon ilişkilerini ne ölçüde tahmin edebildiği belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, farklı eğri uydurma fonksiyonları kullanılarak donma-çözülme döngü sayıları ve Duncan-Chang model parametreleri arasındaki ilişki ortaya konulmuştur. Grey korelasyon analizi, donma-çözülme etkisinin model parametrelerinin üzerindeki değişiminin göz ardı edilemeyeceğini göstermiştir. Duncan-Chang modelinin tanjant deformasyon modülünde bulunan model parametreleri oluşturularak, gerilme-deformasyon eğrilerinin donma-çözülme döngüleri altındaki değişimi konsolidasyonsuz- drenajsız zeminler için yüksek korelasyonlarla elde edilmiştir.
Corporate management and business education. Issue 5
Authors: Kalendzhyan S. , Yakhontova E.
Published: August 2022

This collection is dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the GSCM DBA program. It consists of articles by students and graduates of the program. The collection of articles presents various theoretical aspects and modern practices of corporate, strategic, sectoral and regional management, as well as public administration. Special attention in this work is paid to the study of modern approaches to the development of human capital and social responsibility of companies, public administration in a pandemic. The collection of scientific articles is addressed to teachers, graduate students, students of management faculties of various universities and students of MBA, EMBA and DBA business schools. It will be interesting to researchers, top managers, specialists in various fields of management: economics, production, sociology, social psychology and organizational behavior.
Donor-acceptor cyclopropanes. Cycloaddition and annulation reactions
Authors: Novikov Roman , Borisov Denis , Menchikov Leonid , Tomilov Yuriy
Published: August 2022

This is the second book in the Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes series. It summarizes and analyzes for the first time the main intermediates formed from D-A cyclopropanes, and also systematizes the main ways of their further transformations. The main attention is paid to the cycloaddition and annulation reactions of D-A cyclopropanes with various substrates under the action of Lewis acids, which are of the greatest practical importance in organic synthesis. The monograph is addressed to a wide range of specialists in the field of small cycle chemistry and organic synthesis, including the synthesis of natural compounds and biologically active substances
Dostoevsky and literary process of the XIX century. Poetics of Dostoevsky’s prose
Authors: Krinitsyn А.
Published: August 2022

The collection contains materials of the scientific conference “Dostoevsky and the literary process of the XIX century. Poetics of Dostoevsky’s prose” (23–24.10.2021) commemorating the 200th Dostoevsky’s anniversary and organized and held at the Faculty of Philology of Moscow state university. The authors of the articles are scholars, lecturers, postgraduate and undergraduate students focusing their research on the problems of Dostoevsky’s poetics, philosophy, religion and literary connections. The miscellany may be useful to people specializing in Russian literature as well as all those interested in Dostoevsky’s works.
La estación en la memoria. La estación ferroviaria de Huixtla, Chiapas y sus significados a través del tiempo
Authors: Trujillo Edgar Andrea , Goyas Mejía Ramón
Published: August 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los significados atribuidos a la estación ferroviaria de Huixtla, Chiapas, a través de experiencias de convivencia cotidiana, durante la época de su funcionamiento y en su situación actual. Por medio de la historia oral, principalmente a través de testimonios verbales y escritos, fue posible conocer el modo en que se legitima este espacio como un lugar simbolizado, de manera que se propone la estación como un entorno de preservación de la memoria colectiva, la historia y la identidad del pueblo.
HYBRID RECOMMENDER SYSTEM USING SINGULAR VALUE DECOMPOSITION AND SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE IN BALI TOURISM
Authors: Pramarta Aryadi , Baizal Abdurahman
Published: August 2022

When going to make a visit to a tourist area, tourists must determine the place they want to visit. Meanwhile, the desired place has several categories and types. The many types of tourist attractions make tourists confused in determining their choice. Therefore, we focus on developing a hybrid recommendation system by combining several recommendations approaches, namely collaborative filtering, content-based filtering, and demographic filtering. This recommendation system was built to solve the cold start problem that often appears in collaborative filtering and content-based filtering. In this study, weighted and switching techniques were chosen as the hybridization method. These two techniques are used to overcome the weaknesses of each technique so that it becomes a better recommendation system. The singular value decomposition (SVD) algorithm was chosen to be used in collaborative filtering, meanwhile, content-based filtering uses the calculation of cosine similarity values , and demographic filtering uses the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. The data used in this study is data on tourist destinations in the Bali area obtained from crawling on the TripAdvisor site. In this study, the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) was used to measure the accuracy of the resulting rating prediction. The results of the experiments carried out show that the hybrid method that was built produces better accuracy prediction results than when run separately with an average mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.6660 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.8644.
Optimalisasi Fintech Syariah Sebagai Agen Investasi Sukuk Negara
Authors: T Trimulato
Published: August 2022

The development of the Islamic finance industry has provided a variety of Islamic financial products. Islamic finance is not only limited to products in Islamic banks. Currently, Islamic financial products have developed, including the presence of Sukuk Investment products. The existing Sukuk consist of state Sukuk and corporate Sukuk. In the marketing process, state Sukuk is still dominated by conventional financial institutions, even though Sukuk itself is a product of Islamic finance. one of the Islamic financial institutions as a Sukuk agent can go through sharia fintech. The purpose of the study was to determine the development of state Sukuk and the development of sharia fintech institutions. and to find out the optimization of sharia fintech as a state Sukuk investment agent. The research method used in this research is qualitative. The data source used is secondary data. The data has been presented by the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and the Directorate General of Financing and Risk Management (DJPPR) of the Ministry of Finance. The data analysis technique used in this study is descriptive qualitative, which describes the development of state Sukuk products, as well as the development of sharia fintech peer-to-peer lending (P2P) sharia, as well as forms of optimizing sharia fintech as a selling agent for state Sukuk products. The results of this study show that the development of state Sukuk of the SR type in 2019 reached 46.07 percent and ST type reached 8,436,570,000,000. As for the development of sharia fintech, sharia fintech assets amounted to 50,591,727,786 rupiahs or 1.4 percent of the total fintech assets as a whole. The number of fintech that has been registered and licensed at the OJK is 161 companies, and 7.5 percent are sharia fintech or 13 companies. Optimizing sharia fintech as a state Sukuk investment agent needs to be done, by involving sharia fintech as Sukuk. Reversing the essence of Sukuk as a sharia product can be obtained through sharia fintech, to be more convincing. The character of sharia fintech by utilizing technology can provide access to state Sukuk sharia investment.
Analisis Minat Masyarakat Terhadap Perbankan Syariah di Wilayah Kecamatan Panceng Kabupaten Gresik
Authors: Ihsan Nurul , Hadi Nurrohman , Pratikto Muhammad Iqbal Surya
Published: August 2022

Islamic banking in Indonesia in recent years has experienced extraordinary developments. However, the development of Islamic banking has not been able to attract the Indonesian people to join Islamic banking. As is the case in Panceng sub-district, Gresik district where public interest in Islamic banking is still very lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find out how the interest of the people in the Panceng sub-district towards Islamic banking. The approach used in this research is a qualitative approach. The results of this study indicate that public interest in the Panceng sub-district is still very low seen from the results of interviews, observations, and so on. This is due to the lack of public knowledge of Islamic banking, then they do not understand the system and operations applied to Islamic banks, as well as a sense of comfort towards conventional banks because they first know conventional banks are also a factor in the lack of public interest in Islamic banking in the region. Panceng District.
Pengaruh Risiko Kredit dan Bank Size terhadap Profitabilitas Bank Umum Syariah Milik BUMN di Indonesia Sebelum Merger
Authors: Muttaqin Ibnu , Qomar Moh. Nurul
Published: August 2022

The objective of this research  to discuss the relationship between the internal factors of bank profitability of Islamic commercial banks belonging to State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) before the merger. The independent variables are credit risk which is represented by non performing loan and loan loss provision and bank size, with the dependent variable is bank  profitability using two proxies return on asset and return on equity. This Study using secondary data from quarterly reports with population data before 2020 (before the merger). The sample used purposive sampling method from 2016 to 2020, to obtain 60 data. This study uses panel data analysis. The results show that NPL has a significant negative effect on profitability both ROA and ROE, while LLP has no effect on profitability both ROA and ROE, bank size has a significant negative effect on ROA but has no effect to ROE.
Measuring the ‘gig’ economy: challenges and options
Authors: Riggs Lynn , Sin Isabelle , Hyslop Dean
Published: August 2022

The increase in internet-based services has raised policy interest in gig work, which is work done outside formal employer-employee relationships. Given the dearth of information about the nature and magnitude of gig work and the extent of its growth in New Zealand, it is unclear whether current regulatory institutions adequately regulate it. There is also concern among policymakers about the effect of gig work on the financial stability of gig workers. In this paper we provide a New Zealand-specific typology for identifying gig work, and discuss conceptual and practical issues related to measuring it. We describe how existing New Zealand data can be used to learn more about gig work and make suggestions for improving its measurement in the future.
Commuting to diversity
Authors: Maré David C , Poot Jacques
Published: August 2022

Does commuting increase workers' exposure to difference and diversity? The uneven spatial distribution of different population subgroups within cities is well documented. Individual neighbourhoods are generally less diverse than cities as a whole. Auckland is New Zealand's most diverse city, but the impacts of diversity are likely to be less if interactions between different groups are limited by spatial separation. Studies of spatial sociodemographic diversity generally measure the diversity of local areas based on who lives in them. In this study, we examine measures of exposure to local cultural diversity based on where people work as well as where they live. Our measure of cultural diversity is based on country of birth, with ethnicity breakdowns for the New Zealand (NZ) born. The study also examines whether the relationship between commuting and exposure to diversity differs between workers with different skills or types of job. The study focuses on diversity and commuting patterns within Auckland, using 2013 census microdata, and using local diversity measures calculated for each census area unit. We find that commuters who self-identify as NZ-born Europeans and residents born in England (together accounting for close to half of all commuters) are, of all cultural groups, the least exposed to diversity in the neighbourhoods where they live. Overall, commuting to the workplace raises exposure to cultural diversity, and to the greatest extent for these two groups.
Returns to adult education and training in New Zealand
Authors: Hyslop Dean , Le Trinh , Riggs Lynn
Published: August 2022

In this paper we analyse the impact of adult education and training on labour market outcomes. Using the New Zealand Household Labour Force Survey linked to administrative education and earnings data, we estimate that on average, studying for a tertiary qualification increases the likelihood of employment in the post-study period by 1-3 percentage points and raises annual earnings by about 5% for men and 12% for women. In general, women who study for a tertiary qualification realise positive and significant gains but the same is not necessarily true for men. For example, completing a qualification has a strong effect on earnings for women but not for men. In addition, compared to not studying, studying for a level 4-6 certificate yields significant returns for women but not for men, while studying for a degree-level qualification produces strong returns for both men and women.
How does monetary policy affect welfare? Some new estimates using data on life evaluation and emotional well-being
Authors: El-Jahel Lina , MacCulloch Robert , Shafiee Hamed
Published: August 2022

Models on the optimal design of monetary policy typically rely on a social welfare loss function defined over inflation and unemployment. Our estimates of such a function use measures of two different dimensions of well-being that have been distinguished by recent research. The first is Cantril’s ‘ladder-of-life’ question. The second captures the emotional quality of everyday experiences. Our Gallup World Poll sample includes one million people in 138 nations over 12 years. Unemployment and inflation reduce well-being, although the ratio of the size of the effect varies dramatically between 2 and 4.6, depending upon which dimension of well-being is chosen.
A Growing Problem: Exploring Livestock Farm Resilience to Droughts in Unit Record Data
Authors: Timar Levente , Apatov Eyal
Published: August 2022

Climate models indicate that New Zealand’s farms will be increasingly exposed to adverse climate events in the future. In this study, we empirically investigate drought impacts on farm enterprises by linking financial, agricultural and productivity data from Statistics New Zealand’s Longitudinal Business Database (LBD) with historical weather data from NIWA. Our sample consists of an unbalanced panel of over 67,000 observations of livestock farm enterprises between 2002 and 2012. We run a set of panel regressions with time and farm fixed effects to estimate the effect of changes in drought intensity on gross output, profit per hectare, current loans and intermediate expenditure of dairy and sheep-beef farms. To explore factors of resilience to droughts, we also examine how the estimates change with different farm characteristics. Most (but not all) of the estimated drought effects are significant, consistent across various specifications and of the expected sign. However, we have limited success in conclusively identifying farm characteristics that affect drought outcomes in our data.
Minimum Wages in New Zealand: Policy and practice in the 21st century
Authors: Hyslop Dean R. , Maré David C.
Published: August 2022

New Zealand has seen dramatic changes in minimum wage policies since 2000. The adult minimum wage has increased 75% in CPI-adjusted real terms. In addition, the youth minimum wage was abolished in two stages, resulting in a 125% increase in the real minimum wage for 16–19-year-old workers. We review the motivations for minimum wages and the changes and analyse how they have affected workers outcomes. We find that the minimum wage now strongly determines the wages of teenage workers, with the minimum wage now at the median wage of teenagers, and over half of 16–17-year-olds, and about 40% of 18–19-year-olds, earning at or below the minimum. Although we find no clear evidence that increases in the minimum wage have led to adverse employment effects, we expect there are downside risks for youth and low skilled workers’ employment. As minimum wage workers are broadly spread across the household income distribution, we conclude that minimum wages are largely ineffective as a redistributive income support policy
The Drivers of Mothers’ Parental Leave Decisions: Evidence from the Growing Up in New Zealand longitudinal survey
Authors: Noy Shakked , Sin Isabelle
Published: August 2022

In this paper we compare mothers’ preferred leave, anticipated leave, and realised leave to shed light on how well different types of mothers are able to predict the parental leave they will take, and the factors that drive them to deviate from their plans. We use data from the Growing Up in New Zealand longitudinal survey on mothers’ preferred and anticipated leave reported antenatally, their realised leave, and the reasons they give for their leave-related choices to better understand the drivers of mothers’ leave decisions. We find mothers tend to anticipate substantially less leave than they prefer, but end up taking more leave on average than they anticipate. They have a moderate ability to take their preferred leave up to a year, but very little ability to take more than a year of leave. The 52 weeks of job-protected leave specified by law may play a role in this. Financial constraints are the most important factor driving mothers back to work. Certain types of mothers, such those with low income, are particularly prone to shocks that cause them to return to work earlier than anticipated, whereas as first-time mothers who plan a longer period of leave are vulnerable to shocks that cause them to delay their return to work.
Understanding the Origins of Populist Political Parties and the Role of External Shocks
Authors: Levi Eugenio , Sin Isabelle , Stillman Steven
Published: August 2022

We use electoral survey data to examine the impact that two large external shocks had on the development of New Zealand First (NZF), one of the oldest populist parties in the OECD. We find that structural reforms, which led to large negative impacts on particular locations, and immigration reforms, which led to large spatially concentrated increases in skilled migration, both increased voting for NZF in its first years of existence. These shocks led to changes in political attitudes and policy preferences and had persistent effects on voting for NZF even twenty years later. Overall, they play an important role in explaining the rise of populism in NZ. Understanding how these shocks led to the development of NZF is particularly relevant for thinking about how populism has been extending its reach in the 2010s
Monitoring Economic and Social Rights in the Pacific
Authors: Randolph Susan , Badenhorst Shaan , Stewart John
Published: August 2022

This paper explains and transmits a database and summarises the results of the Human Rights Measurement Initiative’s (HRMI’s) efforts to more fully integrate the 21 Pacific countries (excluding New Zealand and Australia) into HRMI’s economic and social rights (ESR) metrics. It also explores the extent of bias in country scores when per capita Gross National Income (GNI) substantially exceeds per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the potential to expand coverage by substituting constant USD GDP data for constant PPP$ GDP data. The report finds: (1) There are opportunities to substantially improve economic and social right enjoyment in the Pacific even in the absence of per capita income growth, (2) the range in economic and social right performance scores observed across the Pacific countries indicates there is considerable scope for countries to learn from each other what approaches hold promise — countries scoring poorly on one right can look to the policies and structures in place that have enabled other countries to achieve good scores on the same right, (3) in countries whose GNI substantially exceeds their GDP, HRMI’s economic and social rights scores are upward biased, more so, the greater the gap between GNI and GDP, and (4) for those countries without PPP$ per capita income data, the computation of a USD variant of HRMI’s ESR metrics allows one to gain some insight, albeit imperfect, into their economic and social rights performance.
Finding the Gaps: Monitoring Economic and Social Rights in the Pacific
Authors: Randolph Susan , Badenhorst Shaan , Stewart John
Published: August 2022

This study identifies the data gaps in the Human Rights Measurement Initiative’s (HRMI’s) standard international data sources limiting the full integration of the 21 Pacific countries into its economic and social rights (ESR) metrics, seeks out alternative data sources and indicators that would enable their fuller integration, and identifies the remaining gaps preventing the full integration of the Pacific countries into HRMI’s ESR data base. The report finds: (1) the key constraint to broadly expanding the coverage of HRMI’s ESR metrics in the Pacific is the lack of constant PPP$ GDP per capita data—nine of the Pacific countries are missing this data, (2) coverage of Pacific countries and territories with constant PPP$ GDP per capita data can be expanded provided funding is available to search alternative data bases, and (3) some expansion of coverage of HRMI’s ESR metrics in the Pacific can be made by substituting net primary school enrolment for adjusted net primary school enrolment and the adult (15-60) survival rate for the Age 65 survival rate for all countries.
Do workers share in firm success? Pass-through estimates for New Zealand
Authors: Allan Corey , Maré David C.
Published: August 2022

We study the extent to which firm financial performance is passed on to workers in the form of higher wages and the degree to which this pass-through has changed over the period 2002- 2018. We use both value added per worker and a measure of quasi-rents as measures of financial performance. Value added per worker is the standard measure used internationally. Quasi-rents better approximate the resources available to be shared between workers and firms as it takes into account the rental cost of capital as well as the reservation wages of workers. We estimate the reservation wage bill for each firm using estimates from a two-way fixed-effect model. We estimate models similar to those typically used in the international literature and further decompose the estimated pass-through into the contribution from worker sorting and the contribution from rent-sharing. Our instrumental variables estimates of pass-through are in the range of 0.12 and 0.19 for value added and 0.11 and 0.07 for quasi-rents. Worker sorting explains between 35% and 50% of pass-through. While the extent of overall pass-through is relatively stable over time, the contribution of worker sorting declines dramatically to explain almost none of the estimated pass-through. We contribute to the literature by demonstrating a method to calculate quasi-rents, by testing for changes over time in pass-through, and examining the relative importance of worker sorting over time.
How climate affects agricultural land values in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Pourzand Farnaz , Bell Kendon
Published: August 2022

This paper examines how differences in climate across space influence the value of New Zealand agricultural land. We use the Ricardian approach to price the climate, using property valuation data from 1993 to 2018. We apply the ‘spatial first differences’ method, which compares differences in climate between neighbours with differences in land values between neighbours. This method allows us to estimate the impact of long-term climate conditions on farmland values across different land-uses, while controlling for sources of bias associated with unobserved heterogeneity. We find that a warmer or drier climate is associated with higher farmland values in New Zealand. As the spatial first differences method accounts for unobserved heterogeneity associated with variables not related to climate, these associations likely represent causal effects on land values of variables tied to climate. While agricultural productivity is one pathway by which climate affects land values, our results may also be due to variation in the value of land improvements tied to climate or amenity values associated with the option value to convert to a residential use.
The Impact of 2018 Families Package Accommodation Supplement area changes on housing outcomes
Authors: Hyslop Dean R. , Maré David C.
Published: August 2022

In this paper we analyse the effects on rents of the substantial April 2018 changes in the Accommodation Supplement (AS) policy. These policy changes adjusted which geographic locations were assigned to each AS-area, and the AS-maxima were increased to reflect the rising costs of housing in each AS-area. The result of these changes was that the maximum ASpayments for recipients in all locations increased, and the increases varied across geographic locations within redefined AS-areas. We exploit the relative changes in maxima that occurred on either side of such AS-area boundaries to identify the effects of the policy changes on relative rents in these boundary areas. First, we estimate that recipients on the side of boundaries with larger increases in the AS-maxima received on average about $14-19 per week more in accommodation support relative to recipients on the other side. Although we estimate that the relative raw rent increase in the second year after the policy change was about $9 per week on the boundary-sides that received larger increases, once we control for observable and fixed unobservable characteristics of clients, we find negligible differences in rent changes. We conclude that higher-rent new AS-recipients to the treatment areas largely explain the composition changes in these areas, but explain little of the increase in average support. Finally, regression kink analysis shows only weak evidence of stronger rent increases for AS-recipients directly affected by the policy changes.
Warmer Kiwis Study: Interim Report. An impact evaluation of the Warmer Kiwi Homes programme
Authors: Fyfe Caroline , Grimes Arthur , Minehan Shannon , Taptiklis Phoebe
Published: August 2022

Over a fifth of New Zealanders find their homes to be too cold and damp. EECA’s Warmer Kiwi Homes (WKH) programme aims to make New Zealand homes warmer, drier, and healthier, while improving their energy efficiency. The programme includes provision of clean heating devices (primarily heat pumps) to household living areas that do not have such heating. We examine impacts that WKH heat pump provision has on household outcomes including comfort and wellbeing, indoor environmental outcomes and electricity use. The evaluation covers 127 households in Auckland/Waikato, Wellington and Christchurch who applied for a heat pump through WKH in 2021. Evaluation methods include two qualitative household surveys, a house survey, indoor environmental quality readings from a monitor in the living area, and electricity use measured using smart meter data. Timing of heat pump installation was effectively randomised by the onset of COVID-19, so enhancing the study’s statistical precision. The qualitative and quantitative data show that houses became more comfortable, warmer and less damp following heat pump installation relative to a house without a heat pump yet installed; CO2 levels also fell. These gains were achieved despite a likely fall in energy use.
Effective pathways through education to good labour market outcomes for Māori: Literature summary
Authors: Sin Isabelle , Minehan Shannon , Watson Nicholas
Published: August 2022

This literature review provides background for a forthcoming empirical investigation of the pathways through education that lead to successful labour market outcomes for Māori students with different aptitudes in high school. It summarises three main areas of existing literature. The first is the pathways students can take through the Aotearoa New Zealand education system. This includes summary statistics on the proportion of students who pursue each pathway, and the differences in these by ethnicity and gender. The second is the relationship between higher education and labour market outcomes internationally, in Aotearoa, and for Māori in Aotearoa specifically. It also highlights non-financial potential benefits that may motivate students to pursue higher education. The third is the value in the labour market of Māori-medium education and te reo-English bilingualism.
ENTRE A A FUNÇÃO SOCIAL E A FUNÇÃO ECONÔMICA DA PROPRIEDADE: PERSPECTIVAS DA REGULARIZAÇÃO FUNDIÁRIA DE INTERESSE SOCIAL EM GUANAMBI/BA
Authors: Dias Felipe Teixeira , Clemente Deborah Marques Pereira , Clemente Carlos Magno Santos , Sena Marina Cardoso de Lira
Published: August 2022

GT 09 – Função social da propriedade, desmonte da ordem jurídico-urbanística e efetividade dos instrumentos de política urbana

ENTRE A FUNÇÃO SOCIAL E A FUNÇÃO ECONÔMICA DA PROPRIEDADE: PERSPECTIVAS
PANDEMIA, PRÁTICAS EDUCACIONAIS E DIREITO À CIDADE: PROGRAMA INTERDISCIPLINAR DE UMA INSTITUIÇÃO DE ENSINO SUPERIOR NO INTERIOR DO SEMIÁRIDO BAIANO
Authors: Sena Marina Cardoso de Lira , Dias Felipe Teixeira , Clemente Deborah Marques Pereira
Published: August 2022

GT 01 – Experiências de ensino, pesquisa e extensão em Direito Urbanístico; teoria do Direito Urbanístico seus objetivos e princípios; intersecções e articulações com os demais ramos e teorias do Dire
A HEGEMONIA DA CASA PRÓPRIA, AS POLÍTICAS HABITACIONAIS E A NECESSÁRIA DIVERSIFICAÇÃO DO MODO DE PROVISÃO DE MORADIA
Authors: Vernice Rilton Robson Lima , Silva Beatriz Fleury e
Published: August 2022

Historicamente, a provisão de moradia no Brasil tem seguido modelo de garantia da habitação como propriedade, utilizando de forma majoritária a política de aquisição habitacional via financiamento pri
SEXUALIDADES, (IN)JUSTIÇAS ESPACIAIS E VIOLÊNCIA URBANA NA AMAZÔNIA: uma análise dos Crimes Violentos Letais Intencionais no bairro da Terra Firme (Belém/PA)
Authors: Pinto Pedro Israel Mota
Published: August 2022

O trabalho tem por objetivo geral analisar a relação entre gênero e (in)justiça espacial e suas implicações na produção da violência dentro da periferia de Belém/PA. A pesquisa se faz estruturada pela