bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
S phase block followingMEC1ATRinactivation occurs without severe dNTP depletion
Authors: Earp Caroline , Rowbotham Samuel , Merényi Gábor , Chabes Andrei , Cha Rita S.
Published: November 2015

Inactivation of Mec1, the budding yeast ATR, results in a permanent S phase arrest followed by chromosome breakage and cell death during G2/M. The S phase arrest is proposed to stem from a defect in Mec1-mediated degradation of Sml1, a conserved inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), causing a severe depletion in cellular dNTP pools. Here, the casual link between the S phase arrest, Sml1, and dNTP-levels is examined using a temperature sensitive mec1 mutant. In addition to S phase arrest, thermal inactivation of Mec1 leads to constitutively high levels of Sml1 and an S phase arrest. Expression of a novel suppressor, GIS2, a conserved mRNA binding zinc finger protein, rescues the arrest without down-regulating Sml1 levels. The dNTP pool in mec1 is reduced by ∼17% and GIS2 expression restores it, but only partially, to ∼93% of a control. We infer that the permanent S phase block following Mec1 inactivation can be uncoupled from its role in Sml1 down-regulation. Furthermore, unexpectedly modest effects of mec1 and GIS2 on dNTP levels suggest that the S phase arrest is unlikely to result from a severe depletion of dNTP pool as assumed, but a heightened sensitivity to small changes in its availability.
Srv2/CAP is required for polarized actin cable assembly and patch internalization during clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Authors: Toshima Junko Y. , Horikomi Chika , Okada Asuka , Hatori Makiko N. , Nagano Makoto , Masuda Atsushi , Yamamoto Wataru , Siekhaus Daria Elisabeth , Toshima Jiro
Published: November 2015

The dynamic assembly and disassembly of actin filaments is essential for the formation and transport of vesicles during endocytosis. In yeast, two types of actin structures, namely cortical patches and cytoplasmic cables, play a direct role in endocytosis, but how their interaction is regulated remains unclear. Here we show that Srv2/CAP, an evolutionally conserved actin regulator, is required for efficient endocytosis due to its role in the formation of the actin patches that aid in initial vesicle invagination and the actin cables that these move along. Deletion of the SRV2 gene results in the appearance of aberrant fragmented actin cables that frequently moved past actin patches, the sites of endocytosis. We find that the C-terminal CARP domain of Srv2p is vitally important for the proper assembly of actin patches and cables; we also demonstrate that Srv2's N terminal HFD domain is required for its localization to actin patches, specifically to the ADP-actin rich region through an interaction with cofilin. These results demonstrate the in vivo roles of Srv2p in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton during clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
Localisation-based imaging of malarial antigens during erythrocyte entry reaffirms a role for AMA1 but not MTRAP in invasion
Authors: Riglar David T. , Whitehead Lachlan , Cowman Alan F. , Rogers Kelly L. , Baum Jake
Published: November 2015

Microscopy-based localisation of proteins during malaria parasite (Plasmodium) invasion of the erythrocyte is widely used for tentative assignment of protein function. To date, however, imaging has been limited by the rarity of invasion events and the poor resolution available, given the micron size of the parasite, which leads to a lack of quantitative measures for definitive localisation. Here, using computational image analysis we have attempted to assign relative protein localisation during invasion using wide-field deconvolution microscopy. By incorporating three-dimensional information we present a detailed assessment of known parasite effectors predicted to function during entry but as yet untested or for which data are equivocal. Our method, termed longitudinal intensity profiling, resolves confusion surrounding the localisation of apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) at the merozoite–erythrocyte junction and predicts that the merozoite thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (MTRAP) is unlikely to play a direct role in the mechanics of entry, an observation supported with additional biochemical evidence. This approach sets a benchmark for imaging of complex micron-scale events and cautions against simplistic interpretations of small numbers of representative images for the assignment of protein function or prioritisation of candidates as therapeutic targets.
General Dynamic Modeling of a Scissor Structure for its Deployment Control in Space
Authors: Takatsuka Masao
Published: November 2015

The objective of the present study is to reveal a dynamic calculation method for a deployable scissor structure in space as an unstable structure without boundaries, by generalizing its dynamic modeling to predict the relationship between its deployment motion and input moment generated by an actuator. The purpose is to study the construction process of space structures such as a solar power satellite in future. Whereas our previous study demonstrated a specific derivation sequence of a dominant equation of a scissors unit, the present paper shows the generalized derivation sequence and its numerical calculation examples of more extended analysis models.
Membrane Roof for an Amphitheater in Brazil: Searching for the Optimal Design
Authors: Nunes Eliana F. , Sousa João B. M. , Baier Bernd , Freitas Arlene M. S.
Published: November 2015

This paper addresses the investigation of the performance of a structural membrane roof project for an amphitheater in Ouro Preto, Brazil. It aims to improve the geometry of the roof structural system in order to withstand structural loads with minimal system mass. This investigation is based on nonlinear structural analysis. A set of design parameters was investigated leading to eight models with different geometry. The numerical analysis and comparison of the models showed that the optimal performance of these structures is a result of the refined adjustment of the spatial arrangement of the whole structure and the geometry of the membrane aiming for the form that reveals the best load path and improves the cooperative interaction among all components.
Frequency domain simulations for the determination of liner effects on longitudinal wave propagation
Authors: Schulze Moritz , Sattelmayer Thomas
Published: November 2015

Frequency domain simulations are carried out in order to determine the effects of a liner on the propagation of longitudinal waves. On the basis of a CFD/CAA approach, three-dimensional linearized Euler equations (LEE) are transformed into frequency space and discretized using a stabilized Finite-Element technique to provide stable solution procedures and meaningful results. The code is validated on a Grazing Incidence Tube (GIT), which is operated at the NASA Langley Research Center. Results show that the frequency transformed LEE are very suitable to predict the acoustic propagation using experimentally determined liner impedances for different Mach numbers in the tube and further acoustic boundary conditions both at inlet and outlet of the test rig. In comparison to time-domain based approaches, computational times are reduced substantially and numerical instability issues are prevented. Furthermore, the relevance of detailed mean flow profiles and Myers impedance boundary conditions for the accurate prediction of the liner effect on the acoustic wave propagation is addressed.
Acoustics and Flow Field of Slotted Air-Injection Nozzles
Authors: Henderson Brenda , Wernet Mark
Published: November 2015

Experiments investigating the noise and flow-field characteristics of dual-stream jets with fluidic injectors were performed. Air was delivered to the core stream of a bypass-ratio-five nozzle system via slots in the core-nozzle trailing edge. For dual-subsonic-stream jets, up to 3 dB noise reduction was achieved in the peak-jet-noise direction with an injection total pressure roughly equal to 1.5 times that of the core stream and an injection-to-core mass-flow ratio equal to 2.5%. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) studies showed fluidic injection reduced turbulent-kinetic-energy levels downstream of the pylon. Flow asymmetries introduced by the pylon were shown to impact streamwise development of vorticity generated by the injectors which limited the ability of the injectors to enhance jet mixing. For dual-transonic-stream jets, fluidic injection significantly reduced broadband-shock-associated noise but had limited impact on turbulent mixing noise. For single-supersonic-stream jets, fluidic injection reduced broadband-shock-associated noise and turbulent mixing noise over a range of frequencies in the peak-jet-noise direction.
An Acoustic Space-Time and the Lorentz Transformation in Aeroacoustics
Authors: Gregory Alastair L , Sinayoko Samuel , Agarwal Anurag , Lasenby Joan
Published: November 2015

In this paper we introduce concepts from relativity and geometric algebra to aeroacoustics. We do this using an acoustic space-time transformation within the framework of sound propagation in uniform flows. By using Geometric Algebra we are able to provide a simple geometric interpretation of the space-time transformation, and are able to give neat and lucid derivations of the free-field Green's function for the convected wave equation and the Doppler shift for a stationary observer and a source in uniform rectilinear motion in a uniform flow.
The Use of the Active Methods of Education and Personal Experience for the Mastering of Special Competencies for High School Teacher
Authors: ������  , Meychik Galina , �����  , Karma A.
Published: November 2015

The article focuses on the problems associated with the design of additional professional educational programs in the context of the competency approach.

These programs are designed for implementation in the system of additional professional education (APE) of teachers. Results of the analysis

of the scientifi c literature on the issue of implementation of the competence-based approach are described in the article. Authors consider, that the

professional pedagogical competence can be represented in the unity of its theoretical and practical component. The authors propose requirements for

the design of additional professional educational programs implemented in the APE. Training programs in Moscow and the federal system of additional

vocational training in �Teacher education� are analyzed in terms of their implementation in the context of competence approach. Recommendations for

the design of additional professional educational programs from the perspective of competence-based approach are proposed for Moscow.
Competence Approach in Education: Theoretical Aspects
Authors: ��������  , Khachatryan Elya
Published: November 2015

The article focuses on the competence approach in education, analyzes foreign and domestic psychological and pedagogical research on this issue and

gives a detailed analysis of the interpretation of the concepts "competency", "competence" of foreign and domestic scientists. The author suggests his own

interpretation of the basic concepts of the competence approach.

The American approach to the defi nition of "competency" aims at solving the problem of what personal traits of the individual determine the successful

action while the English one aims at studying on the characteristics of activities and their implementation. According to the author, both approaches represent

separate sides of the considered concept. Successful activity is determined not only by personality traits of the individual but the ability to update

knowledge and skills and choose the right ways of behavior and activity for each specifi c situation.

Study on the characteristics of activities and their implementation without regard to the individual that carries it and specifi c conditions for the implementation

doesn�t reveal the concept of "competency".

The article emphasizes that the activity approach is predominated in Russian psycho-pedagogical studies that determine the nature of competency /

competence.
Do Nonexecutive Employees Have Valuable Information? Evidence from Employee Stock Purchase Plans
Authors: Babenko Ilona , Sen Rik
Published: November 2015

Using novel data on employee stock purchase plans (ESPPs), we show that aggregate purchases of company stock by lower-level employees predict future stock returns. Firms in the top quartile of ESPP purchases outperform those in the bottom quartile by 10% in the year after purchase. The relation between ESPP purchases and future stock returns is stronger for firms with high information asymmetry. Furthermore, we find that high ESPP purchases are associated with a lower likelihood of breaks in strings of consecutive earnings increases, as well as higher future sales growth and more innovation. These findings support the hypothesis that lower-level employees have information about future firm performance. We examine and reject a number of alternative explanations. Our results have implications for firms using employees as a source of capital, accounting issues related to expensing of equity-based compensation, and disclosure policy.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2226 .

This paper was accepted by Wei Jiang, finance.
Non-Representational Mathematical Realism
Authors: Frapolli Maria Jose
Published: November 2015

This paper is an attempt to convince anti-realists that their correct intuitions against the metaphysical inflationism derived from some versions of mathematical realism do not force them to embrace non-standard, epistemic approaches to truth and existence. It is also an attempt to convince mathematical realists that they do not need to implement their perfectly sound and judicious intuitions with the anti-intuitive developments that render full-blown mathematical realism into a view which even Gödel considered objectionable (Gödel 1995, p. 150).

I will argue for the following two theses: (i) that realism, in its standard characterization, is our default position, a position in agreement with our pre-theoretical intuitions and with the results of our best semantic theories, and (ii) that most of the metaphysical qualms usually related to it depends on a poor understanding of truth and existence as higher-order concepts.
Mechanical Circulatory Support for the Failing Heart: Which Device to Choose
Authors: Ahmed Mustafa , Alvarez Rene
Published: November 2015

Critical cardiogenic shock remains a problem with staggering mortality, with the best hope of survival depending on timely and aggressive intervention. This often requires the use of extracorporeal mechanical support in addition to vasoactive medications to manage patients through their initial insult. The decision to use such support must be made early in the clinical presentation, and is best done in a multidisciplinary fashion. In this article, we review the literature and provide an algorithm for the treatment of cardiogenic shock.
Resonant Interneurons Can Increase Robustness of Gamma Oscillations
Authors: Tikidji-Hamburyan Ruben A. , Martínez Joan José , White John A. , Canavier Carmen C.
Published: November 2015

Gamma oscillations are believed to play a critical role in in information processing, encoding, and retrieval. Inhibitory interneuronal network gamma (ING) oscillations may arise from a coupled oscillator mechanism in which individual neurons oscillate or from a population oscillator in which individual neurons fire sparsely and stochastically. All ING mechanisms, including the one proposed herein, rely on alternating waves of inhibition and windows of opportunity for spiking. The coupled oscillator model implemented with Wang–Buzsáki model neurons is not sufficiently robust to heterogeneity in excitatory drive, and therefore intrinsic frequency, to account forin vitromodels of ING. Similarly, in a tightly synchronized regime, the stochastic population oscillator model is often characterized by sparse firing, whereas interneurons bothin vivoandin vitrodo not fire sparsely during gamma, but rather on average every other cycle. We substituted so-called resonator neural models, which exhibit class 2 excitability and postinhibitory rebound (PIR), for the integrators that are typically used. This results in much greater robustness to heterogeneity that actually increases as the average participation in spikes per cycle approximates physiological levels. Moreover, dynamic clamp experiments that show autapse-induced firing in entorhinal cortical interneurons support the idea that PIR can serve as a network gamma mechanism. Furthermore, parvalbumin-positive (PV+) cells were much more likely to display both PIR and autapse-induced firing than GAD2+cells, supporting the view that PV+fast-firing basket cells are more likely to exhibit class 2 excitability than other types of inhibitory interneurons.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGamma oscillations are believed to play a critical role in information processing, encoding, and retrieval. Networks of inhibitory interneurons are thought to be essential for these oscillations. We show that one class of interneurons with an abrupt onset of firing at a threshold frequency may allow more robust synchronization in the presence of noise and heterogeneity. The mechanism for this robustness depends on the intrinsic resonance at this threshold frequency. Moreover, we show experimentally the feasibility of the proposed mechanism and suggest a way to distinguish between this mechanism and another proposed mechanism: that of a stochastic population oscillator independent of the dynamics of individual neurons.
The Neuropeptide Oxytocin Induces a Social Altruism Bias
Authors: Marsh Nina , Scheele Dirk , Gerhardt Holger , Strang Sabrina , Enax Laura , Weber Bernd , Maier Wolfgang , Hurlemann René
Published: November 2015

Current psychological concepts of social and ecological responsibility emphasize the relevance of altruism, suggesting that more altruistic individuals are more likely to engage in sustainable behaviors. Emerging evidence indicates a central role of the neuropeptide oxytocin in promoting altruism. Whether this influence extends to ecological responsibility or is limited to the social domain remains unknown. In two independent experiments involving 172 human participants, we addressed this question by exposing subjects to a sustainability-related monetary donation task, with the option to support either socially or ecologically framed charities. We found that oxytocin induced a context-dependent change in altruistic behavior away from pro-environmental toward pro-social donations, while keeping constant the overall proportion of donated money. This pro-social bias transcended to the domain of sustainable consumption. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that altruistic priorities vary as a function of oxytocin system activity, which has implications for the promotion of pro-environmental attitudes and eco-friendly behaviors.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIndividual responses to ecological and social sustainability require a shift in personal priorities away from selfish to more altruistic behaviors. Emerging evidence indicates a central role of the hypothalamic peptide oxytocin in promoting altruism, but whether the influence of oxytocin benefits altruistic decision-making in the context of ecological and social sustainability is unclear. In two independent behavioral experiments involving 172 human subjects, we show that heightened oxytocin system activity induces a social altruism bias at the cost of ecological responsibility. Our results have fundamental implications for policy interventions and business strategies designed to sustain ecological resources by suggesting that a social framing may attract more individuals to engage in pro-environmental and eco-friendly behaviors.
Phosphorus availability and microbial immobilization in a Nitisol with the application of mineral and organo-mineral fertilizers
Authors: MORAIS FRANCISCO A. , GATIBONI LUCIANO C.
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate P availability, P and C contained in the microbial biomass, and enzymatic activity (acid phosphatases and β-glucosidases) in a Nitisol with the application of mineral and organo-mineral fertilizers. The experiment was performed in a protected environment with control over air temperature and soil moisture. The experimental design was organized in a "5 x 4" factorial arrangement with five sources of P and four times of soil incubation. The sources were: control (without P), triple superphosphate, diammonium phosphate, natural Arad reactive rock phosphate, and organo-mineral fertilizer. The experimental units consisted of PVC columns filled with agricultural soil. The columns were incubated and broken down for analysis at 1, 20, 40, and 60 days after application of the fertilizers. In each column, samples were taken at the layers of 0-2.5, 2.5-5.0, and 5.0-15.0 cm below the zone of the fertilizers. The application of soluble phosphates and organo-mineral fertilizer temporarily increased P availability in the zone near the fertilizers (0-2.5 cm), with maximum availability occurring at approximately 32 days. Microbial immobilization showed behavior similar to P availability, and the greatest immobilizations occurred at approximately 30 days. The organo-mineral fertilizer was not different from soluble phosphates.
Environmental factors related to the production of a complex set of spicules in a tropical freshwater sponge
Authors: MATTEUZZO MARCELA C. , VOLKMER-RIBEIRO CECÍLIA , VARAJÃO ANGÉLICA F.D.C. , VARAJÃO CÉSAR A.C. , ALEXANDRE ANNE , GUADAGNIN DEMETRIO L. , ALMEIDA ARIANA C.S.
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT Adverse natural conditions will, generally, induce gemmulation in freshwater sponges. Because of this environmental dependence, gemmoscleres are given exceptional value in taxonomic, ecological and paleoenvironmental studies. Other spicules categories such as microscleres and beta megascleres have received little attention with regard to their occurrence and function during the sponge biological cycle. Metania spinata, a South American species common to bog waters in the Cerrado biome, produces alpha and beta megascleres, microscleres and gemmoscleres. To detect the environmental factors triggering the production of all these kinds of spicules, the species annual seasonal cycle was studied. Artificial substrates were devised, supplied with gemmules and placed in Lagoa Verde pond which contained a natural population of M. spinata. Field monitoring was conducted for eight months in order to observe the growth of sponges and spicules formation. Samples of water were taken monthly for physical and chemical parameters determination. The appearance of the alpha megascleres was sequentially followed by that of microscleres, gemmoscleres and beta megascleres. The first ones built the new sponge skeleton, the last three were involved in keeping inner moisture in the sponge body or its gemmules. The water level, temperature and the silicon (Si) concentration in the pond were the most important factors related to this sequential production of spicules, confirming environmental reconstructions based on the presence or absence of alpha megascleres and gemmoscleres in past sediments.
Floristic and structural patterns in South Brazilian coastal grasslands
Authors: MENEZES LUCIANA S. , MÜLLER SANDRA C. , OVERBECK GERHARD E.
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT The natural vegetation of Southern Brazil's coastal region includes grasslands formations that are poorly considered in conservation policy, due to the lack of knowledge about these systems. This study reports results from a regional-scale survey of coastal grasslands vegetation along a 536 km gradient on southern Brazil. We sampled 16 sites along the coastal plain with 15 plots (1 m²) per site. All sites were grazed by cattle. We estimated plant species cover, vegetation height, percentage of bare soil, litter and manure, and classified species according to their growth forms. We found 221 species, 14 of them exotic and two threatened. The prostate grasses: Axonopus aff.affinis, Paspalum notatum and P. pumilumwere among the most important species. Prostrate graminoids species represented the most important vegetation cover, followed by cespitose grasses. Vegetation height, bare soil, litter and manure were similar among all areas, highlighting the homogeneity of sampling sites due to similar management. In comparison to other grasslands formations in Southern Brazil, the coastal grasslands presented rather low species richness. The presence of high values for bare soil at all sampling sites indicates the need to discuss management practices in the region, especially with regard to the intensity of livestock grazing.
Gelatin in replacement of bovine heart in feed training ofLophiosilurus alexandri in different water salinities
Authors: SALARO ANA LUCIA , OLIVEIRA JUNIOR JOSÉ C. , LIMA FREDERICO W. , FERRAZ RENATO B. , PONTES MARCELO D. , CAMPELO DANIEL A.V. , ZUANON JENER A.S. , LUZ RONALD K.
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate commercial gelatin in the total replacement of bovine heart in feed training of "pacamã" Lophiosilurus alexandri in different water salinities. A completely randomized experimental design, in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, was performed using two types of moist ingredients (bovine heart and gelatin) and three water salinities (0.0; 2.0 and 4.0 g of salt L-1) with three replications. Juveniles (2.39 ± 0.08 cm standard length and 0.20 ± 0.03 g of weight) were conditioned to accept commercial diets by the technique of the gradual transition of ingredients. At the end of 36 days no differences were observed to weight gain, length gain and specific growth rate. The feed training efficiency was better (P < 0.05) with the gelatin use, 100.0%. There was a negative effect of salinity on the survival rate and management efficiency in the concentration of 4 g of salt L-1, with values of 58.6 ± 12.0 % and 58.0 ± 12.0 %, respectively. Lophiosilurus alexandri juveniles could be feed-trained to accept commercial diets with gelatin in the total replacement of bovine heart in freshwater or salinity of 2 g of salt L-1.
LEILA DANZIGER E EUGENIA BEKERIS: UM DÍPTICO SOBRE A NOVA ARTE DA MEMÓRIA
Authors: Seligmann-Silva Márcio
Published: November 2015

Resumo O artigo apresenta a obra de duas artistas da memória, ambas da América Latina, uma brasileira, Leila Danziger, outra argentina, Eugenia Bekeris. Cada uma delas tem uma poética própria e muito original. Ambas têm como herança a terrível memória da Shoah, o holocausto. Nas duas artistas, vemos imagens e palavras se juntarem em uma arte da memória poderosa e ao mesmo tempo delicada. Com suas obras, podemos tanto olhar de mais perto a paisagem em ruínas do século XX, como também repensar nosso próprio presente de modo mais crítico.
MEMORIALES, MONUMENTOS, MUSEOS: MEMORIA, ARTE Y EDUCACIÓN EN LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS
Authors: Baudet Ricardo Brodsky
Published: November 2015

Resumen El texto se refiere a la posibilidad o imposibilidad del arte de representar situaciones extremas relacionadas con la violencia o las violaciones de los derechos humanos, y la manera en que el Museo de la Memoria y los Derechos Humanos en Chile, ha trabajado estos conceptos desde el arte contemporáneo.
Integralidade do cuidado no Programa de Controle do Câncer de Colo Uterino: visão das usuárias com alteração na citologia oncótica
Authors: Carvalho Brígida Gimenez , Domingos Carolina Milena , Leite Fernanda de Souza
Published: November 2015

Objetivou-se avaliar a integralidade no cuidado de mulheres atendidas pelo Programa de Controle do Câncer de Colo Uterino. Estudo avaliativo, qualitativo, que analisou o acompanhamento e o tratamento de mulheres com alteração na citologia oncótica nos serviços que compõem a rede de atenção, segundo a percepção das mulheres entrevistadas no segundo semestre de 2013. Realizada a análise temática de conteúdo, verificou-se que o acesso ao exame não garantiu a continuidade do cuidado, devido à falta de acolhimento/vínculo e à dificuldade de acesso ao tratamento. Constata-se a necessidade de outras medidas de avaliação do programa que mensurem a integralidade do cuidado, para além da cobertura de exames.
Uma análise crítica da abordagem dos Determinantes Sociais da Saúde a partir da medicina social e saúde coletiva latino-americana
Authors: Borde Elis , Hernández-Álvarez Mario , Porto Marcelo Firpo de Souza
Published: November 2015

O enfoque dos Determinantes Sociais da Saúde tem tido ampla difusão e foi aparentemente bem acolhido globalmente. Este artigo assume uma visão crítica desse enfoque, buscando sistematizar as críticas principalmente provenientes de debates no interior da medicina social e saúde coletiva latino-americana, que se articularam ao redor da diferenciação entre Determinantes Sociais da Saúde e a determinação social dos processos saúde-doença. Pretendemos examinar estas diferenças para problematizar a aparente unanimidade retórica em prol da equidade. Ainda que a abordagem dos Determinantes Sociais da Saúde marque um enorme avanço na mobilização pela equidade em saúde, em nossa avaliação ela não consegue ser mais do que um avanço incompleto.
Rotatividade da força de trabalho médica no Brasil
Authors: Pierantoni Celia Regina , Vianna Cid Manso de Mello , França Tania , Magnago Carinne , Rodrigues Marcus Paulo da Silva
Published: November 2015

Objetivou-se calcular o índice de rotatividade dos médicos brasileiros. Estudo descritivo, exploratório, quantitativo, realizado por meio de dados secundários, que foram analisados por estatística descritiva. Constatou-se maior índice de rotatividade nas regiões Sudeste e Sul, com médias superiores à nacional (36,7%). A menor média foi evidenciada na região Norte (24,7%). A estratificação por porte populacional aponta para maior rotatividade nos grupamentos de municípios com população entre dez mil e cem mil habitantes; e menor índice nos municípios de grande porte. A rotatividade não pode ser inteiramente compreendida sem que se analise o contexto no qual estão inseridos os profissionais.
Direitos sexuais e reprodutivos: influências dos materiais educativos impressos no processo de educação em sexualidade
Authors: Souza Laís Machado de , Morais Roberta Laíse Gomes Leite , Oliveira Juliana da Silva
Published: November 2015

Com o objetivo de analisar a influência dos materiais educativos impressos na aprendizagem e promoção da saúde sexual e reprodutiva, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa em 6 unidades de saúde no município de Jequié (BA) por meio de entrevistas com 6 enfermeiros(as) e 12 usuárias do planejamento reprodutivo, além de observação sistemática. Após a triangulação, os dados foram analisados segundo a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Evidenciou-se que, quando os materiais educativos impressos estão associados à comunicação horizontal entre profissionais e usuários(as) e metodologias mais diversificadas, respeitando as especificidades do público-alvo, é possível alcançar aprendizagem e autonomia.
Prevalência e fatores associados ao sobrepeso/obesidade e à hipertensão arterial sistêmica em crianças da rede privada de ensino de Divinópolis/MG
Authors: Ferreira Silvana Diniz , Carballo Fábio Peron , Sousa Fabrízio Furtado de , Silva Denise Maria Rover da
Published: November 2015

Resumo Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade e da hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) em crianças, com idade entre 8 a 10 anos, da rede privada de ensino de Divinópolis, em Minas Gerais, e os fatores de risco associados. Foram mensurados os níveis de pressão arterial (PA), peso corporal e altura das crianças. Os fatores de risco foram obtidos por meio de questionário. Os dados foram analisados no software STATA e a significância adotada foi de p<0,05. Foram amostradas 199 crianças (107 meninas e 92 meninos), das quais 33,2% apresentaram sobrepeso/obesidade. O excesso de peso mostrou-se associado ao gênero e ao peso da mãe. Com relação à HAS, 33,2% das crianças apresentaram PA considerada como limítrofe ou elevada. Os níveis de PA alterados mostraram-se relacionados à raça e ao tempo de aleitamento materno. Outra característica associada aos níveis pressóricos alterados foi o excesso de peso corpóreo, reforçando os dados da literatura que demonstram uma importante associação entre HAS e sobrepeso/obesidade.
Degradation and inactivation of adenovirus in water by photo-electro-oxidation
Authors: Monteiro G. S. , Staggemeier R. , Klauck C. R. , Bernardes A. M. , Rodrigues M. A. S. , Spilki F. R.
Published: November 2015

The present study analyzed the efficiency of the photo-electro-oxidation process as a method for degradation and inactivation of adenovirus in water. The experimental design employed a solution prepared from sterile water containing 5.107 genomic copies/L (gc/L) of a standard strain of human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV-5) divided into two equal parts, one to serve as control and one treated by photo-electro-oxidation (PEO) for 3 hours and with a 5A current. Samples collected throughout the exposure process were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for viral genome identification and quantitation. Prior to gene extraction, a parallel DNAse treatment step was carried out to assess the integrity of viral particles. Integrated cell culture (ICC) analyses assessed the viability of infection in a cell culture. The tested process proved effective for viral degradation, with a 7 log10 reduction in viral load after 60 minutes of treatment. The DNAse-treated samples exhibited complete reduction of viral load after a 75 minute exposure to the process, and ICC analyses showed completely non-viable viral particles at 30 minutes of treatment.
Ichthyofauna of the hydrographic basin of the Chasqueiro Stream (Mirim Lagoon system, southern Brazil): generating subsidies for conservation and management
Authors: Corrêa Fabiano , Oliveira Edson Fontes de , Tuchtenhagen Thiago , Pouey Juvêncio , Piedras Sérgio
Published: November 2015

Studies that organize lists of species are essential and act as the starting point for future discussions on the ecology of fish in environments that are poorly studied. The present paper describes the fish assemblage of the hydrographic basin of Chasqueiro Stream, an important component of the Mirim Lagoon system. Fish were collected during one year period between August/2012 and July/2013 in six sites, comprising three biotopes: upstream, reservoir and downstream. A total of 22,853 specimens were collected, and were distributed into 83 species, 20 families, and eight orders. The two species with the largest number of individuals captured were Bryconamericus iheringii with 2,904 (12.71%) and Cheirodon ibicuiensis with 2,868 (12.55%). Characiformes and Siluriformes were the most representative orders in terms of richness and abundance. Bryconamericus iheringi and Cyanocharax alburnus were the species with the highest abundance upstream, while Hyphessobrycon luetkenii and Corydoras paleatus contributed more to the abundance downstream. Cheirodon ibicuhiensis and Heterocheirodon jacuhiensis were the most representative species in the reservoir. This study revealed a rich fauna of fish, which should be preserved for future generations and for the maintenance of local and regional biodiversity.
O Ensino de Geriatria e Gerontologia na Graduação Médica
Authors: Brasil Vitor Jorge Woytuski , Batista Nildo Alves
Published: November 2015

RESUMO Este ensaio evidencia aspectos de relevância para o ensino de Geriatria e Gerontologia nas escolas médicas brasileiras, balizados na literatura atual sobre a temática e no diálogo com docentes de Geriatria. Vislumbramos a inserção acadêmica da Geriatria e Gerontologia como uma aproximação gradual das escolas do processo de envelhecimento e suas consequências médico-sociais. Para que isto ocorra, enfatizamos a utilização de ações verdadeiramente interdisciplinares que perpassem de forma longitudinal todos os anos do curso médico e integrem as demais especialidades. A ampliação e diversificação dos cenários formais de aprendizagem, além da preocupação com a capacitação e qualificação docente nesta área foram identificadas como pilares indispensáveis à formação de profissionais que possam atender de forma adequada às necessidades de saúde da população idosa nas próximas décadas.
Reflexões acerca do Ensino de Pediatria no Século XXI: o Cenário Brasileiro
Authors: Moreira Andréia de Santana Silva , Araújo Alexandra Prufer Queiroz Campos , Ribeiro Márcia Gonçalves , Siqueira-Batista Rodrigo
Published: November 2015

RESUMO Introdução O Relatório Flexner é considerado o ponto de partida para a discussão do ensino da medicina no século XX. Após amplas discussões, em 2001, o Ministério da Educação homologa as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Curso de Graduação em Medicina (DCN). Tais diretrizes objetivam a formação de um médico generalista, humanista, reflexivo, crítico, que atue como promotor da saúde integral do ser humano. A Pediatria é a área da medicina onde a promoção da saúde integral é de extrema importância, pois a criança é o adulto do futuro. Objetivo Discutir as questões: O que se espera do médico geral, em relação à Pediatria, no século XXI? E a questão dela derivada: Mudanças nas diretrizes para o ensino de Pediatria são necessárias a partir das DCN? Métodos Ensaio reflexivo com base em dois documentos: Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Curso de Graduação em Medicina (DCN) e Diretrizes para o Ensino de Pediatria (DEP) propostas por Eduardo Marcondes. Discussão Este artigo discorre a respeito das percepções de Marcondes acerca do ensino de Pediatria, correlacionando-as com as DCN e discutindo aspectos importantes na formação do médico, tais como: promoção, prevenção, proteção e reabilitação em saúde e educação médica em Pediatria. Considerações finais As Diretrizes para o Ensino de Pediatria propostas por Marcondes em 1993 parecem se manter extremamente atuais no contexto brasileiro do século XXI, ressalvando-se apenas diferenças de mortalidade e morbidade infantil.
OSCE para Competências de Comunicação Clínica e Profissionalismo: Relato de Experiência e Meta-Avaliação
Authors: Franco Camila Ament Giuliani dos Santos , Franco Renato Soleiman , Santos Viviane Marques dos , Uiema Luciana Aparecida , Mendonça Natalia bitant , Casanova Aline Peduzzi , Severo Milton , Ferreira Maria Amélia Duarte
Published: November 2015

RESUMO A comunicação clínica e o profissionalismo estão entre as principais competências médicas e, portanto, devem ter sua avaliação garantida. Nesse contexto, o exame clínico objetivo estruturado (OSCE) tem papel fundamental. Objetivos Descrever as etapas de elaboração de um OSCE, bem como a avaliação da qualidade das estações e a percepção do estudante de Medicina sobre a sua realização. Método O estudo é composto pela realização de um OSCE com quatro estações por 16 estudantes de Medicina e pela análise da qualidade psicométrica e aplicação de um questionário de satisfação. Resultados Para os estudantes, o OSCE é o método que melhor avalia e ensina essas competências, ao passo que os testes de múltipla escolha estão no polo oposto quanto à avaliação. Em relação à qualidade múltipla das estações: duas se apresentaram com boa confiabilidade, uma se tornou satisfatória após adequação e uma se revelou inconsistente. Conclusão Mesmo bem avaliadas pelos estudantes, algumas estações apresentaram falhas. A análise do OSCE é fundamental para sua validade e mensurabilidade, em especial para o OSCE de alta aposta.
Região Metropolitana de São Paulo como centro da inovação do Brasil
Authors: Lencioni Sandra
Published: November 2015

Resumo Aos poucos o conhecimento vem deixando de ser coisa do espírito e se transformando em coisa do dinheiro. As relações sociais relacionadas ao ato de conhecer se submetem, progressivamente, ao capital, e a inovação é vista da perspectiva da troca e do valor. Essa perspectiva orienta a discussão que considera a inovação um recurso do urbano vista a partir da relação entre indústria inovativa e urbano. Isso permite compreender por que a região metropolitana de São Paulo é o centro da inovação no país. Essa condição significa um novo elemento de diferenciação social e territorial do desenvolvimento brasileiro que não pode se traduzir em desigualdade. Diferenças existem, no entanto, não podem se traduzir em desigualdades.
Determinantes da participação e dos rendimentos dos jovens no mercado de trabalho: o caso da Região Metropolitana de Recife
Authors: Corrêa Carolina Rodrigues , Lima João Eustáquio de
Published: November 2015

Resumo O presente artigo buscou analisar os determinantes da inserção dos jovens da Região Metropolitana de Recife (RMR) no mercado de trabalho, bem como os determinantes dos rendimentos daqueles que trabalham. Para tanto, foi estimada uma equação utilizando o procedimento de Heckman com dados da PNAD de 2012. Os resultados mostram que ser do sexo masculino e chefe da família, maior idade e a escolaridade afetam positivamente a decisão do jovem de entrar no mercado de trabalho. Para os rendimentos, ser do sexo masculino, branco e maior escolaridade faz com que esses sejam maiores. Assim sendo, investir na educação e nas condições de acesso à mesma é um passo indispensável rumo à redução das disparidades sociais da Região Metropolitana de Recife.
Geocronologia U-Pb em zircão de rochas intrusivas e de embasamento na região do Vale do Jacurici, Cráton do São Francisco, Bahia
Authors: Silveira Carlos José Sobrinho da , Frantz José Carlos , Marques Juliana Charão , Queiroz Waldemir José Alves de , Roos Siegbert , Peixoto Vinicius Medina
Published: November 2015

RESUMO O Complexo Jacurici, NE do Cráton do São Francisco, é constituído de vários corpos máficos-ultramáficos N-S mineralizados a Cr, possivelmente fragmentos de um único sill rompido durante deformação. Alguns trabalhos sugerem que está intruso no Bloco Serrinha, enquanto outros o inserem no Cinturão Salvador-Curaçá. O embasamento nessa região é dividido informalmente em paragnaisses e ortognaisses, o último supostamente mais jovem, considerando-se estar menos deformado. Petrografia revelou que alguns dos paragnaisses são álcali-feldspato granitos fortemente milonitizados. Os ortognaisses ocorrem no norte e consistem, ao menos em parte, de monzogranitos com deformação heterogênea, localmente de baixa temperatura. Datações U-Pb em zircão foram realizadas para cinco amostras representativas. Apenas três resultaram em boas idades concórdias. Uma rocha máfica produziu idade de 2102 ± 5 Ma e é petrograficamente similar aos metanoritos do Complexo Jacurici, sendo interpretada como registro dos primeiros pulsos do magmatismo máfico. Um monzogranito gerou idade de 2995 ± 15 Ma, sendo mais antigo do que o esperado, relacionado ao Bloco Serrinha. Álcali-feldspato granito produziu idade de 2081 ± 3 Ma. O Sienito Itiúba e os pegmatitos que cortam o Complexo Jacurici têm idades semelhantes. Considerando a falta de informações sobre a sequência supracrustal que hospeda as rochas alcalinas e máficas-ultramáficas intrusivas nas áreas de Ipueira e Medrado, é possível que parte do terreno pertença ao Cinturão Salvador-Curaçá. Sugerimos que o Complexo Jacurici possa ter sido intrudido após a colagem tectônica entre o Bloco Serrinha e a parte mais antiga do Cinturão Salvador-Curaçá e, portanto, poderia ser hospedado por ambos.
The main potentialities of resveratrol for drug delivery systems
Authors: Ruivo Joana , Francisco Cátia , Oliveira Rita , Figueiras Ana
Published: November 2015

Resveratrol (RSV), a natural polyphenol found in grapes, was found to be effective in the prevention and therapy of several diseases, however, it does have unfavourable physicochemical properties. In this context, an increasing number of studies have aimed at developing novel therapeutic systems for its delivery to overcome these disadvantages. This review focuses on the mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications. Finally, it also describes some tested formulations for RSV administration, controlled release and targeting, developed with the purpose of increasing RSV bioavailability.
Genotoxic and chromatographic analyses of aqueous extracts of Peltodon longipes Kunth ex Benth. (hortelã-do-campo)
Authors: Kuhn Andrielle Wouters , Tedesco Marília , Boligon Aline Augusti , Frescura Viviane Dal-Souto , Athayde Margareth Linde , Tedesco Solange Bosio
Published: November 2015

Peltodon longipes is used as a stimulant and emmenagogue. The objective of this study was to perform genotoxic and chromatographic analyses of the extracts of two samples of P. longipes, collected from the cities of Santa Maria and Tupanciretã, RS, Brazil. The Allium cepa assay was used to analyze genotoxicity while high-performance liquid chromatography was employed to determine phenolic compounds. The genotoxicity experiment consisted of nine groups each comprising four A. cepa bulbs. Bulb roots were developed in distilled water and then transferred for the treatments, for 24 hours, and the negative control remained in water. The treatments were: aqueous extracts at concentrations of 5 and 15 g L-1 for each sample, plus four groups treated with 1% glyphosate, one of which was used as a positive control and the other three for testing DNA damage recovery using water and the extracts of P. longipes from Santa Maria. All extracts of P. longipes exhibited anti-proliferative potential, although the effect was significantly greater for the extracts from the Tupanciretã sample. This sample also contained the highest amount of rosmarinic acid and kaempferol, which may confer the effects found in these extracts. Only extracts from the Santa Maria sample exhibited genotoxic potential.
Formulation and evaluation of taste mask pellets of granisetron hydrochloride as oro dispersible tablet
Authors: Choudhary Nilesh , Avari Jasmine
Published: November 2015

Orally disintegrating systems have carved a niche amongst the oral drug delivery systems due to the highest compliance of the patients, especially the geriatrics and pediatrics. In addition, patients suffering from dysphagia, motion sickness, repeated emesis and mental disorders prefer these medications because they cannot swallow large quantity of water. Further, drugs exhibiting satisfactory absorption from the oral mucosa or intended for immediate pharmacological action can be advantageously formulated in these dosage forms. However, the requirements of formulating these dosage forms with mechanical strength sufficient to withstand the rigors of handling and capable of disintegrating within a few seconds on contact with saliva are inextricable. The purpose of this research was to mask the bitter taste of granisetron hydrochloride. To mask the taste Kollicoat(r) Smartseal 30D was used as coating polymer for pellet coating. The coated pellets of the drug was directly compressed with different superdisintegrant as AC-Di-Sol, Explotab and Kollidon CL in different concentration 5.0-7.5% w/w into an ODT. The prepared tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, weight variation, wetting time, wet absorption ratio, in-vitro disintegration time and in vitro dissolution studies. Tablets exhibited quick disintegration characteristics with Kollidon CL in concentration 7.5% w/w i.e., within 20 seconds, which is characteristic of orally disintegrating dosage forms. More than 98% of drug was released from the formulations within 15 minutes. Formulations subjected to stability testing as per the ICH guidelines for 3 months, indicated stability with no change in taste, hardness, drug content, disintegration time and dissolution profiles. Thus, the results conclusively demonstrated successful masking of taste and rapid disintegration of the formulated dosage forms in the oral cavity.