bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Situation as a methodological problem and its role in teaching a foreign language
Authors: Kozachenko Oleksiy
Published: August 2020

The article provides a theoretical analysis of a situation as the basis for the emergence of semantic relationships of statements in a dialogue. Consideration of the situation and the specifics of its reflection in the semantic content of statements will allow establishing how a dialogue is governed by the situation. The relevance of the study is related to the need for scientific development and practical implementation of the system of teaching dialogic speech, which will effectively develop students’ quality skills to use living spoken language in practice. Speech activity is marked by important linguistic parameters. A person’s ability to perform speech activity is seen primarily as an opportunity to form statements that correspond to certain situations. The situation affects the structure of certain forms of oral speech, in particular its dialogic variety. Linguists consider the situation to be an extralinguistic factor of speech activity and an important element that significantly affects the speech structure. Psychologists treat the situation as one of the important criteria for studying the regularities of the forming and functioning of mental processes. The situation is traditionally considered at the level of functioning as well as a methodological category. There prevails an opinion that it is necessary to make a detailed analysis of the features of the speech situation components on the basis of which scholars-practitioners single out the most typical and controlled ones in order to successfully apply them in foreign language teaching. The important methodological parameters obtained as a result will be the situational basis for building an effective model of foreign language teaching / learning.
How to tell about errors not boringly: methodological analysis of expounding the basis of data processing
Authors: Lozovenko Oksana , Sokolov Yevgeny
Published: August 2020

The authors continue to report about results they have obtained in the process of creating a special introductory one-semester Laboratory Physics course «Search for Physics laws». It is known that the teaching experience and the results of the performed tests show that most students do not acquire the basic skills for conducting an experimental research. This course was built on the basis of the algorithm of systematic construction of students’ skills for carrying out an experimental research. The authors have used Galperin’s stepwise teaching procedure which was developed on the assumption that learning any kind of knowledge involves different kinds of actions. The authors have analysed different ways of how to expound the basic ideas of data analysis, and shown their connection with the point, syncretic and training-interval paradigms. Action diagrams are provided for each type of expounding. As an example of using the training-interval paradigm for teaching first-year students of a technical university, a specially designed lab session is presented in the article. The topic of the session is “The concept of a confidence interval”. Laboratory Work 1 “The Buffon-de Morgan Experiment”. This lab session meets several important requirements: a) the number of computations is minimised; b) a directly measurable quantity is considered; c) students are provided with a “fulcrum” in the form of a priori known true value of a quantity. A general view on measuring physics quantities is summarised in four quite unexpected for students “unpleasant axioms”: 1) none of measured values coincides with the true value of a quantity; 2) the mean of measured values does not coincide with the true value of a quantity; 3) even if, by a lucky chance, one of measured values or the mean coincided with the true value of a quantity, we would never know about it; 4) a confidence interval catches the true value of a measured quantity only in 68% of cases. The authors claim that the presented lab lesson allows demonstrating the equity of these “axioms” clearly and vividly, and that the organised laboratory sessions in the new way are signiﬁcantly more successful in improving students’ basic skills of error analysis than traditional laboratory sessions.
Information devices as a factor causing children’s disorders
Authors: Nachinova Elena , Vasilevskaya Alla
Published: August 2020

The article addresses the problem of the negative impact of the irregular use of electronic information carriers on primary school pupils’ psychophysical development. Foreign researches and WHO data on the allowed time of use of information devices for children and teenagers, their impact on heath, speech and motor development of the younger generation are presented. The concept “information device” is defined, the main contradictions of the active use of information devices by children are described which are resulted, on the one hand, from the impossibility of education and socialisation of the younger generation apart from electronic information devices, and, on the other hand, due to their negative impact on children’s health and psychophysical development. The choice of the age group for the study is substantiated – the primary school age, at which psychophysical and psychosocial changes take place, significant for the entire subsequent period of a child’s schooling. It is emphasised that at this age period children’s computer dependence has not yet formed, even a positive effect of the use of a computer on the mental development of a primary school pupil is noted. At the same time, the use of information devices in the education and leisure of primary school pupils requires a proper organisation of their educational work, balance of various activities, formation of pupils’ conscious behaviour, which will contribute both to the education of the child and his / her proper psychophysical development. The content of the experimental research work, which was carried out at the elementary grades of schools in Odessa region involving second-third-grade pupils and their parents, is described. The results of the surveys represented by pupils and their parents, pedagogical observations, assessment of pupils’ performance, the characteristics of their speech and motor development have shown an increase in the time allotted to children to work with information devices and the negative impact of their irregular use on the psychophysical development of primary school children.
Educational and legal aspects of activities of out-of-school educational institutions
Authors: Ilchenko Оlena , Kobobel Alla
Published: August 2020

The article deals with the historical process of formation of educational and legal support for the activities of out-of-school educational institutions during the independence of Ukraine. Based on the formulated socio-cultural, cognitive, educational and legal criteria of the intensity of qualitative changes in the legislative and legal support of educational activities of out-of-school educational institutions, 3 main stages of this period were identified. The first stage (1991-1999) was characterised as a transition from the old Soviet to the new Ukrainian system of out-of-school educational institutions. It was noted that during this period, the foundations of the legislation were formed, the international experience of providing the development of extracurricular education was attracted, the results of foreign scholars’ scientific researches were processed, scientific researches were conducted by domestic scientists. Instead, the second stage (2000-2009) was marked by the active development of the regulatory and legal support of the out-of-school education system. It was emphasised that the adoption of the Law on Extracurricular Education, which regulates state policy in the field of extracurricular education, was of great importance. The dynamics of quantitative indicators and tendencies of development of out-of-school educational institutions, directions of Ukrainian scientists’ scientific researches on the problems related to out-of-school education are characterised. The beginning of the process of forming legislation on the issues regarding children with special needs is highlighted. It is emphasised that at the third stage (2010-2019), the principles of inclusive education were adopted, legal support was provided for the quality education of all children without exception. It is emphasised that for the period of 1991-2019, there was intensive development and modernisation of the legal support of the out-of-school education system, and the model of inclusive education of children with special educational needs in out-of-school educational institutions was involved.
Personal interest in the formation of the subjective position of the future pre-school teachers
Authors: Kosenko Julia
Published: August 2020

The article reveals the essence of the subjective position of future preschool teachers in the process of vocational training. The content of the concepts such as «subject», «subjectivity», «subjective position» is characterized; the essence of the concept of «personal interest» is clarified. The author’s understanding of the student’s subjective position is a well-established system of his attitude to professional education, personal self-expression in the educational process of higher educational institution, to his own «Self» – his abilities, potential opportunities, individual peculiarities of mental processes (thinking, speaking, memory, imagination, etc.). As a quality of personality, the subjective position of the student is the manifestation of his positive and active attitude to his own professional training at university, cognitive activity, own efforts, specific actions, concrete acts, independence in determining the individual path of theoretical and practical learning, personal responsibility for formation of professional competence. The student’s personal interest in professional training is characterized as his aspiration, focus on deep knowledge of the future profession, manifested in cognitive needs, professional orientation, a conscious understanding of the purpose of future professional activities, responsible attitude to the tasks and content of professional training. The role and main ways of development of personal interest of the student to professional training and formation of a subjective position of the future teacher of preschool education in this process are defined.
Typology of creative skills of future music teachers and pedagogical conditions for their effective development
Authors: Peng Yu
Published: August 2020

The article analyses the problems related to the development of future Music teachers’ creative skills; the classification of varieties of creative skills that are necessary for a future teacher of Musical Arts and the substantiation of the pedagogical conditions for their successful development are specified. The essence of the concepts “skills”, “abilities” and “creative skills” has been clarified. Acquisition of skills is associated with the result of mastering coordinated actions of a reproductive type. Creative skills are considered as the ability to apply the acquired knowledge and skills in non-standard conditions, in new ways, in order to obtain qualitatively new, socially significant material or spiritual values. The varieties of creative skills that are typical for the activities of future teachers of Musical Arts are characterised, their classification being based on their analysis. As a result, these categories of creative skills are distinguished: performing-interpretative, verbal-hermeneutic, musical-productive, methodological and practical. The forms of their implementation in the process of interpreting and performing musical works, interpreting their artistic and figurative meanings from the pedagogical point of view, creating musical and creative products in the forms of arranged musical material, its scientific and pedagogical creativity have been determined. The pedagogical conditions for the successful development of the future Music teachers’ creative skills have been grounded. They include: presence of personal attributes which ensure person’s psychological readiness for conscious and persistent mastery of creative skills; maturity of the teaching staff of the pedagogical institution to demonstrate their attitude towards the implementation of the student-centred approach to organising classes; a dialogical, democratic style of communication; creation of a psychologically comfortable psychological climate. The complex and integrative nature of creative skills explains the importance of enhancing systemic interdisciplinary connections and interdisciplinary coordination in the process of training students as the second pedagogical condition for the formation of their creative skills. The substantiation of the third pedagogical condition is based on the analysis of two types of creativity: artistic-figurative and intellectually-creative and the need to achieve their organic combination and interpenetration in the activities of a Musical Arts teacher. The solution to this condition provides the ability of future specialists to mobilise the achievements of their own musical, artistic and scientific searching experience, integrate them in the process of acquiring professional and creative skills, developing a flexible strategy for creative self-improvement, expanding areas and ways of applying innovative and creative actions. The creation of these pedagogical conditions is to facilitate the effectiveness of the acquisition of creative skills by the future teachers of Music.
Mobile training as a means to improve future English teachers’ listening comprehension skills
Authors: Gerkerova Alexandra , Negrivoda Olena , Yeremenko Tetiana
Published: August 2020

For English teachers listening fluency is a fundamental competency for their professional development. Listening is one of the most complicated and problematic aspects of learning English, as it leads to high mental strain. The objective of the research is to study mobile learning as a means to improve listening comprehension skills of the future English teachers. The tasks of the research are as follows: to identify and work out the theoretical framework for mobile applications use and their role in teaching English; to present the pilot study of the role of mobile learning in students’ autonomous work, in particular for listening comprehension skills improvement. The following methods were used: theoretical (theoretical-and-methodological analysis, classification and systematization of scientific sources, comparison and generalization of the theoretical and experimental research data), empirical (observation, testing), data processing methods (generalization and systematization of qualitative and quantitative results of the empirical research); methods of mathematical statistics (evaluation of experimental data by the arithmetic mean calculation). Upon the theoretical analysis results, the categories of mobile applications and their role in teaching English were identified. The survey showed that the students use mobile learning insufficiently and ineffectively. The research on the use of mobile learning as a means to improve the future English teachers’ listening comprehension skills was conducted. This required selection of several mobile applications (Duolingo, LinguaLeo, Learning English with New York Times, Polyglot 16 EnglishPod - Learn English, Bussu), the main selection criterion being the availability of tasks and texts for listening. The results of the term listening comprehension test showed that the students of the experimental groups who studied using mobile learning scored higher than those of the control groups, which proved relevance and effectiveness of mobile learning use as a means to improve the future teachers’ of the English language listening comprehension skills.
Measuring the effectiveness of blended learning implementation in context of the modern educational process
Authors: Shuplat Anastasiia , Noskova Margaryta
Published: August 2020

The need in combination of digital technologies and traditional training techniques for ensuring effective learning process in education has becoming particularly relevant in the context of dynamic changes and community digitalization. Such an educational technology that combine digital technologies and traditional training techniques and provide educational environment for active learning is blended learning. One of criteria which influence the providing of an effective blended learning environment is evaluation. The purpose of this article is to analyse the main criteria and a number of frameworks for evaluating blended learning effectiveness, of the educational process in particular, which combines traditional (face-to-face) educational process, distance learning technologies and some elements of the web-based learning. According to the purpose, the tasks have been assigned and fulfilled as follows: we have examined the role of evaluating blended learning in educational institutions to determine the effectiveness of this learning technology, we have identified the major problems that need to be solved, we have scaled positive practices of blended learning to improve teaching and learning. The outlined models and criteria for the evaluation of blended learning effectiveness are specified in this article. The authors represent the objective and structured characteristics which are used for measuring the blended learning course effectiveness as well as for improving the educational programs and teaching / learning process in educational institutions in order to engage students, improve their learning outcome and achieve the course’s learning objectives. The authors also have formulated and substantiated the definition of the blended learning effectiveness as a complex process, which involves comprehensive analysis of a number of criteria: the combination of the data regulating the course outcomes, the measures determining the learners’ satisfaction with their results, the learners’ engagement into the educational environment and evaluation of their theoretical and practical skills.
Social support strategies targeted at the families raising children with autism
Authors: Stoliaryk Olha
Published: August 2020

Families raising children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) face many difficulties in the process of social interaction that affect their functionality and impair family quality of life. The source of parental stress is the frustrated need for social support, protection and security, limited access to material, social resources, which is a factor of social exclusion. The purpose of study is to determine, on the basis of a systematic analysis of the available scientific literature, the features and content of social work interventions with the families raising a child with ASD. In the course of the research, general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, generalisation were used. The scholars proposed several social intervention strategies designed to provide social support for families raising a child with ASD: a family-centred approach which involves exploring the family's social microenvironment as interconnected relationships within individual structural subsystems; an environmental approach which determines that the quality of life of a family is related both to its individual characteristics and to environmental factors that directly or indirectly affect its life; a synergistic approach which focuses on the synergies of all factors in the process of shaping family life trajectories and rejects a universal adaptive strategy. Social support strategies are considered, including family-oriented practice, resilience formation practices, and online social support. Based on the analysis of the double model of social and psychological adaptation (the ABCX model), the types of social support that serves as a moderator of the relationship between the quality of life of a family raising a child with autism and parental stress have been identified. The analysis of scientific sources indicates that social work has not yet developed a universal integrated mechanism of social support, so several of its types usually serve practices.
Peculiarities of the curriculum implementation (based on the UNESCO materials)
Authors: Chekriy Iryna
Published: August 2020

The article states that the main goal of a quality curriculum is to provide students with a fair and comprehensive opportunity to acquire and develop knowledge, skills and values, as well as related competencies for effective and productive activities in life. The aspects that are part of the curriculum are listed: justification, goals, objectives, contents, methods, resources, time, evaluation, etc. It is found that the implementation of the curriculum places certain expectations on students, teachers, school administration, the education system and the authorities. It is explained that a quality curriculum prepares students for: awareness of the purpose and importance of learning, self-criticism, analysis, motivation, active participation in the learning process, openness to new ideas. The importance of teachers' work in the course of adaptation and implementation of the curriculum is stated. The importance of teachers taking advanced training courses is generalised, which provides: a clear explanation of the philosophy of teaching, learning and assessment; examples of using appropriate approaches within several topics; a list of additional sources and resources with recommendations for the gradual implementation of lessons. The need to use textbooks for teachers during the implementation of the new curriculum by teachers is indicated. The importance of assessing students' knowledge is substantiated not only to check how well the content is mastered and their skills are developed, but also to understand the strengths and weaknesses of particular students and ensure the effectiveness of classroom activities in the learning process for each participant. It is found out that during the implementation of the curriculum, school administration should: provide conditions for its full implementation (technical, material, favourable environment); encourage teachers to apply new methods and approaches in teaching; motivate teachers to cooperate in order to share experiences. A number of expectations regarding the education system and the authorities during the implementation of the curriculum are highlighted: rethinking the methods and approaches to teaching, assessment and learning; development of a unified evaluation system; providing all the necessary resources and equipment. Based on the research work of the UNESCO scientists, recommendations are given to ensure a flexible proportioning of time for the study of various subjects.
Calvo, Thomas. Espadas y plumas en la Monarquía hispana: Alonso de Contreras y otras vidas de Soldados (1600-1650), Casa de Velázquez, 2020, 334 pp.
Authors: Pereyra, Osvaldo Víctor
Published: August 2020

Revisión del libro Espadas y plumas en la Monarquía hispana: Alonso de Contreras y otras vidas de Soldados (1600-1650) por T. Calvo
PENYELESAIAN KREDIT AKIBAT BENCANA ALAM PERSPEKTIF PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM
Authors: Matompo Osgar Sahim
Published: August 2020

Gempa bumi dan tsunami Sulawesi 2018 adalah peristiwa gempa bumi berkekuatan 7,4 skala richter diikuti dengan tsunami atas kejadian alam tersebut, banyakpenduduk yang kehilangan harta bendanya, yang mana harta benda tersebut dijadikan jaminan pinjaman di bank berdasarkan perjanjian bersama, MetodePenelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif Perlindungan hukum ataspenyelesaian kredit bank sebagai akibat force majeure karena gempa di palu , yangdapat dilakukan kreditor untuk menyelamatkan debitor dari kredit macet tersebut,diantaranya dengan penjadwalan kembali pembayaran, perubahan sebagian/keseluruhan syarat dari kredit dan penataan kembali syarat kredit.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI TENAGA KERJA ASING DI INDONESIA
Authors: Matompo Osgar Sahim
Published: August 2020

Penggunaan tenaga kerja asing di Indonesia dimaksudkan agar terjadi pengalihanilmu pengetahuan dan Skill (Transfer Of Knowledge). Berbagai persyaratan yang harusdipenuhi sebagai syarat apabila pengusaha/perusahaan ingin menghadirkan tenagakerja asing.TKA asal cina saat ini mendominasi TKA yang bekerja di Indonesia,kemudian di ikuti TKA asal jepang, korea dan India. Meskipun Indonesia merupakanNegara pengirim tenaga kerja di luar negeri, tetapi Keberadaan TKA di pasar kerjaIndonesia telah menjadi fenomena yang lumrah mengingat kebutuhan tenaga kerjaprofessional yang cukup tinggi dan faktor globalisasi, Faktor globalisasi secara tidaklangsung telah memaksa dan mendorong terjadinya pergerakan tenaga kerja antarnegara satu dengan yang lainnya. Perlindungan hukum bagi tenaga kerja asing diIndonesia telah memenuhi asas keadilan, hal ini bisa di lihat melalui aturan dan Putusan-putusan Mahkamah Agung yang secara konsisten terhadap prosedur IMTA(Izin Mempekerjakan Tenaga Kerja Asing).
Laxdæla saga og siðferðilegt uppeldi í skólum
Authors: Harðarson Atli , Jónsson Ólafur Páll , Jack Róbert , Jóelsdóttir Sigrún Sif , Sigurðardóttir Þóra Björg
Published: August 2020

Rannsóknin sem hér segir frá er hluti af stærra verkefni sem fjallar um samspil bókmenntakennslu og siðferðilegs uppeldis. Það var skipulagt með hliðsjón af rannsóknarverkefni við The Jubilee Centre for Character and Virtues við háskólann í Birmingham á Englandi. Í þessari grein er fjallað um tvær eftirfarandi spurningar sem báðar varða orðaforða sem notaður er til að tala um siðferði:Hvers vegna er mikilvægt að efla siðferðilegan orðaforða unglinga?Er hægt að nota Laxdæla sögu sem námsefni til að kenna unglingum orðaforða sem þeir geta notað til að tala um siðferðilegar dygðir og lesti?Fyrri spurningunni er svarað með vísun í skrif um siðfræði og siðferðilegt uppeldi og færð rök fyrir því að vald á orðaforða til að ræða og hugsa um siðferði sé mikilvægur hluti af siðferðisþroska.Seinni spurningunni er svarað með rannsókn sem var gerð í þrem grunnskólum þar sem stytt útgáfa af Laxdæla sögu var kennd á unglingastigi. Við lögðum próf fyrir nemendur bæði áður en kennslan hófst og eftir að henni lauk. Auk megindlegra gagna sem var aflað með þessum prófum söfnuðum við eigindlegum gögnum með heimsóknum í kennslustundir, viðtölum við kennara og samræðum við rýnihópa nemenda.Greining á niðurstöðum prófanna benti til þess að kennslan hefði bætt skilning nemenda á orðaforða um siðferðilegar dygðir. Í viðtölum við kennarana kom fram að þeim þótti umfjöllunin um orðaforðann ekki taka tíma frá yfirferð sögunnar, heldur greiða fyrir henni og gera hana auðveldari. Samtöl við rýnihópa nemenda staðfestu að yfirferðin bætti við þann orðaforða sem þeir höfðu til að ræða um siðferðileg efni. Svarið við seinni spurningunni er því að vel má nota Laxdæla sögu sem námsefni til að auka siðferðilegan orðaforða.
Margbrotið hlutverk leiklistarkennarans í kennslu leiklistar í tengslum við innleiðingu á leiklist
Authors: Þorkelsdóttir Rannveig Björk
Published: August 2020

Viðfangsefni þessarar greinar er að varpa ljósi á og dýpka skilning á leiklistarkennslu í grunnskóla við innleiðingu leiklistar sem fags. Greinin byggist á doktorsritgerð höfundar frá árinu 2016. Bakgrunnur doktorsverkefnisins er sá að árið 2013 kom út ný aðalnámskrá grunnskóla fyrir tiltekin greinasvið og var leiklist þá skilgreind sem sérstakt listfag í fyrsta skipti. Viðfangsefni og rannsóknarspurning verkefnisins var eftirfarandi: Hvernig er staðið að innleiðingu leiklistar í grunnskólum á Íslandi? Rannso?knin var byggð a? eigindlegri rannso?knarhefð og fellur undir etno?grafi?ska rannso?kn á grunni félags- og menningarkenninga. Markmið etnógrafíunnar er að leitast við að skoða og skilja sjónarhorn þeirra sem rannsakaðir eru. Veturinn 2013– 2014 heimsótti ég tvo skóla í Reykjavík, Brekkuskóla (5. bekkur) og Fjallaskóla (6. bekkur), og fylgdist þar með tveimur kennurum kenna leiklist. Niðurstöðurnar eru kynntar með menningarlegu portretti, þykkum lýsingum og í gegnum narratívu. Kenningar Stephen Kemmis og Peter Grootenboer „practice architectures“ eru hafðar að leiðarljósi í rannsóknarvinnunni. Ég grandskoðaði menningu skólanna með tilliti til kenninga Stephen Kemmis um arkitektúr og vistfræði starfshátta. Niðurstöður rannsóknarinnar kalla á breytingar í faglegri þróun leiklistarkennarans. Enn fremur kallar rannsóknin á endurskilgreiningu leiða til að styðja starfsþróun leiklistarkennarans og breyta kennsluháttum hans, nemendum til góða.
Automorphisms of Zero Divisor Graphs of Square Radical Zero Commutative Unital Finite Rings
Authors: Lao Hussein Mude  , Owino Maurice Oduor  , Ojiema Michael Onyango
Published: August 2020

There has been extensive research on the structure of zero divisors and units of commutative finite rings. However, the classification of such rings via a well-known structure of zero divisors has not been done in general. More specifically, the automorphisms of such classes of rings have not been fully characterized. In this paper, we obtain a more completeillustration of the automorphisms of zero divisor graphs of finite rings in which the product of any zero divisor
Dinámicas obesogénicas de escolares de la zona metropolitana de Zacatecas-Guadalupe
Authors: Enciso-Gaytán Gabriela , Almeida-Perales Cristina , Ruiz de Chávez-Ramírez Dellanira , García-Zamora Pascual Gerardo
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: comparar las características de las dinámicas obesogénicas de escolares de la zona metropolitana Zacatecas-Guadalupe de acuerdo con su condición sociodemográfica: zona de alta prioridad social y zona de no alta prioridad social. Metodología: estudio transversal, comparativo, cuantitativo, descriptivo y socioespacial. Bajo un muestreo por cuotas se seleccionaron diez escuelas primarias públicas por zona para analizar indicadores del ambiente obesogénico alrededor de las mismas. Se consideró la cantidad de establecimientos comerciales y de servicios que promueven el consumo de alimentos hipercalóricos, así como la publicidad física próxima a las escuelas. Se utilizó el software SPSS para el procesamiento de los datos y el programa Mapa Digital para la caracterización socioespacial del ambiente obesogénico, obteniéndose así un estudio único e innovador en su abordaje. Resultados: se encontraron más opciones obesogénicas en escuelas de alta prioridad social respecto a las de mayor desarrollo social. Las características de la publicidad afuera de las escuelas no cumplieron con las recomendaciones de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Limitaciones: los resultados de este estudio son propios de la zona metropolitana en cuestión. Conclusiones: se evidenció un dominante ambiente obesogénico cercano a las escuelas, esta condición se profundizó en aquellas zonas ubicadas de alta prioridad social. En México, la política pública para el control y prevención de la obesidad no protege a la niñez ante influencias obesogénicas alrededor de las escuelas, es imprescindible reglamentar la publicidad y disponibilidad de alimentos perniciosos en pro de la salud escolar.
Hiệu quả của việc ứng dụng giải pháp kết cấu nhịp dầm bê tông - thép trong công trình cầu
Authors: Trần Thanh Liêm , Nguyễn Duy Tiến
Published: August 2020

Trong bài báo này, trên cơ sở kết quả tính toán thiết kế một số phương án kết cấu nhịp dầm bê tông - thép khác nhau, khối lượng vật liệu chủ yếu và đơn giá tổng hợp của kết cấu nhịp, các chỉ tiêu kinh tế - kỹ thuật của các phương án kết cấu nhịp sẽ được phân tích so sánh qua đó làm nổi bật ưu nhược điểm của các phương án lựa chọn. Việc nghiên cứu trên cơ sở thiết kế một công trình cầu cụ thể nhằm đưa ra những khuyến nghị làm cơ sở để có thể áp dụng và phát triển loại kết cấu nhịp cầu này ở Việt Nam.
Atypical presentations of orbital cellulitis in an 11-year-old boy
Authors: Oraegbunam Nnenna Henrietta , Ezeh Ernest Ikechukwu , Etiowo Nkama , Ezeh Roseline Nkeiruka
Published: August 2020

Spontaneous acute-onset proptosis accompanied with inflammatory signs in children is commonly caused by orbital cellulitis/abscess; however, the clinician should always be alert to the possibility of other causes such as neoplastic: Orbital rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), traumatic, and iatrogenic factors. This is a case report of an 11-year-old boy presenting with an acute-onset non-axial proptosis of the left eye without a history of trauma, sinus disease, or systemic infection. Our clinical differential diagnosis included orbital cellulitis and orbital RMS. However, the final diagnosis was orbital cellulitis with abscess. The purpose of the study was to report a case of “cold” orbital abscess that clinically mimics orbital RMS. An 11-year-old boy presented with a 2 weeks history of painless, rapid-onset non-axial proptosis in the left eye. It was associated with periorbital edema, and mild conjunctival hyperemia. There was no preceding or associated history of fever, trauma, upper respiratory tract infection, sinusitis, or immunosuppression. An initial clinical diagnosis of RMS, with orbital cellulitis as a differential diagnosis, was made delaying commencement of antibiotic therapy. Following the drainage of greenish tinged purulent matter growing Staphylococcus aureus on culture, the diagnosis of orbital cellulitis with abscess was made. A broad-spectrum antibiotics and subsequent adjunct anti-inflammatory therapy yielded excellent clinical resolution. The case demonstrates the pitfalls/challenges in differentiating orbital space occupying lesions manifesting with inflammatory features on the basis of clinical findings alone. This is particularly relevant in a busy triage ophthalmic clinic in a low resource environment without easy access to any form of orbital imaging. In addition, the case highlights that green tinged purulent matter can be found in infections from a myriad of organisms aside from the popularly known Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in pregnancy: Is directly observed therapy still necessary? A prospective cohort study in a tertiary hospital, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Akpan Ubong , Asibong Udeme , Okhormbe Zibrin , Ekott Mabel , Etuk Saturday
Published: August 2020

Objective:

Malaria is a major cause of indirect maternal death. In the last two decades several efforts have been made to combat the menace of this disease especially among pregnant women and children in developing countries. Directly observed therapy (DOT) was recommended to enhance the uptake of intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) of malaria with sulfadoxine – pyrimethamine among pregnant women. Due to challenges involved in the practice of DOT especially with regards to shortage of man power and clean water in rural areas, there is need to evaluate impact of DOT on the effectiveness of treatment.

Material and Methods:

A cohort study was carried out among 320 healthy pregnant women receiving ante natal care with equal assignment of subjects. The study group (160) received two doses of IPT by DOT while 160 matched controls were given prescription for self- drug administration at home. Malaria tests were done using microscopy method and the hemoglobin values determined using centrifuge one month after the second dose of IPT. Umbilical cord blood samples were obtained for a repeat microscopy at delivery.

Results:

The results showed that there were no statistical significant differences in the venous blood parasitemia, placental parasitemia and anaemia between the DOT group and the control group (P = 0.215; P = 0.100; P = 0.966) respectively. Lower social class was the main predictor of anaemia in pregnancy (P = 0.032).

Conclusion:

The delivery of IPT through DOT may not influence uptake in some settings. Effort may need to be channeled into ante natal education and women empowerment.
Ethics lessons: A school subject in the making
Authors: Stępkowski Dariusz , Pękala Joanna
Published: August 2020

This article discusses the teaching of ethics in the educational system in Poland as a separate subject. The first part describes the historical process that brought ethics into the school curriculum. The second part provides knowledge about the legal status of ethics instruction and the prevalence of participation in ethical education. In the third part, the authors analyse the guidelines on teaching ethics for primary and secondary schools contained in the Core curriculum of general education.
Budowanie strategii szkoły wobec prac domowych uczniów
Authors: Bednarska Natalia
Published: August 2020

W artykule została zebrana wiedza dydaktyczna i metodyczna na temat zadawania prac domowych, udokumentowana także wynikami badań empirycznych. Była ona punktem wyjścia do przedstawienia propozycji, jak dyrektor szkoły może budować strategię zadawania prac domowych dla szkoły.
Recenzja książki Anny Konarzewskiej Być (nie)zwykłym wychowawcą. Scenariusze lekcji wychowawczych dla uczniów klas starszych szkoły podstawowej oraz szkół ponadpodstawowych
Authors: Al-Douri Jasmine
Published: August 2020

Artykuł stanowi recenzję książki i Anny Konarzewskiej Być (nie)zwykłym wychowawcą, która zawiera scenariusze lekcji wychowawczych adresowanych do uczniów na poziomie szkoły podstawowej i szkół ponadpodstawowych.
Doping by Design: Finding New n-type Dopable ABX4 Zintl Phases for Thermoelectrics
Authors: Qu Jiaxing , Stevanovic Vladan , Ertekin Elif , Gorai Prashun
Published: August 2020

Doping remains a bottleneck in discovering novel functional materials for applications such as thermoelectrics (TE) and photovoltaics. The current computational approach to materials discovery is to identify candidates by predicting the functional properties of a pool of known materials, and hope that the candidates can be appropriately doped. What if we could "design" new materials that have the desired functionalities and doping properties? In this work, we use an approach, wherein we perform chemical replacements in a prototype structure, to realize doping by design. We hypothesize that the doping characteristics and functional performance of the prototype structure are translated to the new compounds created by chemical replacements. Discovery of new n-type Zintl phases is desirable for TE; however, n-type Zintl phases are a rarity. We demonstrate our doping design strategy by discovering 7 new, previously-unreported ABX4 Zintl phases that adopt the prototypical KGaSb4 structure. Among the new phases, we computationally confirm that NaAlSb4, NaGaSb4 and CsInSb4 are n-type dopable and potentially exhibit high n-type TE performance, even exceeding that of KGaSb4. Our structure prototyping approach offers a promising route to discover new materials with designed doping and functional properties.
Role of convalescent plasma therapy in new Coronavirus disease (nCOVID-19): A review
Authors: Shweta Dadarao Parwe  , Milind Abhimanyu Nisargandha  , Rishikesh Thakre
Published: August 2020

Hitherto, there is no proper line of treatment for the new (nCOVID19). The development of unique antiviral drugs has taken precedence. Therapeutic antibodies () will be a significantly beneficial agent against nCOVID-19. Here the host immune responses to new discussed in this review provide strategy and further treatment and understanding of clinical interventions against nCOVID-19. Plasma therapy uses the antibodies found in the blood of people recovering (or convalesced) from an infection to treat infected patients. When an infection occurs, the body begins producing proteins specially made to kill the germ, called antibodies. Those antibodies coat specifically plasma in the blood of survivors, the yellow transparent liquid blood portion for months or even years. research assesses plasma use from Convalescent patients of infected with nCOVID-19 as a possible preventive treatment. But it is not yet recommended as a line of treatment, and it is used as a clinical trial in the new in Indian population.
Peer Tutoring as A Best Practice of Accounting Learning in Vocational Education
Authors: Marsely Mika
Published: August 2020

This study attempts to investigate the use of peer tutoring and to assest the effectiveness of peer tutoring in accounting learning, State Polytechnic of Malang. A descriptive research approach with case study was employed in this research. The information gathered by documentation, observation and in depth interview. The accounting learning was done by the author with apllying same age peer tutoring (co-peer). The findings revealed that peer tutoring is a very effective learning strategy both to tutors and tutees. Tutors feels happy, proud, and satisfied when the lecturers trust them to give the material in front of their friends. Whereas the tutees feel more comfortable because the learning activities has become more relaxed and not strained, the students have been brave to ask more question. Peer tutoring has improve the academic achievement, communication skill, responsibilities, patience, empathy, sympathy, and strengthening the social skills both to tutors and tutees. As we know that these all skills were very needed in the world life. The author suggest that it should be utilized within the premises of the educational institutions. It is a must for polytechnic students to be equipped with such ability given that it has a great impact towards their future career development. The graduates are believed to be able to perform productively in the society with this ability, notwithstanding what contexts they are in. This is to assure that they would be able to function in line with the complex world of today.
Épulis Fissuratum Una Revisión de la Literatura
Authors: Montalván-Barzallo Bryan Xavier , Gomez-Morales Juan Pablo , Alvarado-Cordero Jacinto José
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: Esta revisión de la literatura tiene como objetivo recopilar información y conclusiones de varios autores referente al diagnóstico, etiología, histología y tratamiento de épulis fissuratum. Antecedentes: El Épulis fissuratum también llamado hiperplasia paraprotetica o hiperplasia fibrosa reactiva, se define como una lesión hiperplásica fibrosa reactiva muy común en pacientes edéntulos portadores de prótesis removibles parciales y totales. La literatura disponible nos permite comparar varias opciones terapéuticas, pero muchas veces no engloba temas relacionados a diagnóstico clínico, histológico y la etiología de dicha lesión. Metodología: En esta revisión se realizó una búsqueda de literatura publicada en inglés o español hasta marzo de 2019 utilizando MEDLINE, PUBMED & COCHRANE, las palabras clave fueron (Treatment of Paraprotetic Hyperplasia, Management and diagnosis of Epulis Fissuratum & Therapeutics applied to Inflammatory Fibrous Hyperplasia). Los artículos fueron elegidos si contenian artículos publicados o aceptados para publicación hasta marzo de 2019, Revisiones de literatura, reporte de un caso, reporte de casos, estudios controlados aleatorizados y estudios clínicos comparativos.
Fusión de dientes deciduos bilateral superiores asociado con agenesia de piezas permanentes, reporte de caso
Authors: Urgiles-Esquivel Cristina Estefania , Urgiles-Urgiles Cristian Danilo
Published: August 2020

Fusión Dental es una anomalía de morfología de los dientes durante su desarrollo que puede ocurrir a nivel de esmalte o esmalte y dentina dando lugar a un solo diente con una corona más grande de lo normal, bífida a nivel incisal; Es más común en la dentición temporal con predilección en la mandíbula que involucra incisivo lateral y canino de manera unilateral, siendo la condición bilateral rara indicando una prevalencia del 0,05% asociado en un 3,5 al 6,5%. con agenesia de piezas permanentes. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de sexo femenino de 7 años 9 meses de edad, cuyo motivo de consulta es la necesidad de tratamiento ortopédico, no refiere antecedentes médicos personales tampoco familiares, al examen intraoral se observa fusión bilateral de piezas deciduas entre incisivo lateral superior e incisivo central y radiográficamente en el maxilar superior existe ausencia bilateral de incisivos laterales. Se descarta geminación realizando el conteo clínico de dientes presentes en el arco dental. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre la fusión dental sobre su incidencia, cuadro clínico, diagnóstico diferencial y opciones de tratamiento además de reportar un caso inusual de fusión bilateral en el maxilar superior que involucra incisivos deciduos central y lateral además de la agenesia bilateral de incisivos laterales permanentes. Conclusión: El tratamiento requiere una planificación multidisciplinaria considerando aspectos estéticos y funcionales.
Miocardiopatía de Tako-Tsubo presentación atípica
Authors: Espinosa-Martín Lizette , Baculima-Gutiérrez Damaris , Cardenas-Vasconez Melissa , Miranda-Ojeda Laura , Ortíz-Cumbe José
Published: August 2020

Contexto: La miocardiopatía de Tako-tsubo (STK) afecta a pacientes principalmente del género femenino, posterior a un evento estresante físico o psicológico, asociado a una clínica de dolor precordial con cambios electrocardiográficos, alteraciones transitorias de contractilidad de predominio anteroapical del ventrículo izquierdo (VI), con leve aumento de marcadores de daño miocárdico y ausencia de evidencia angiográfica de oclusión de vasos coronarios agudos como mecanismo desencadenante del cuadro. Objetivo: Presentar el caso clínico de una paciente femenina de 73 años con personalidad colérica, que ingresó a emergencias con disnea severa y cianosis generalizada. Metodología: El Ecocardiograma y la Radiografía de Tórax se observa el abombamiento apical del Ventrículo Izquierdo (VI). El STK es una entidad poco frecuente y su etiología aun es desconocida por lo que para su diagnóstico se han implementado los Criterios Diagnósticos de la Clínica Mayo y su tratamiento es empírico y multidisciplinario. Resultados: se puede encontrar el STK en una presentación clínica de Insuficiencia Cardíaca aguda, pues la paciente cursó con un edema agudo del pulmón y shock cardiogénico, también es oportuno mencionar que debido al carácter colérico de la paciente es un criterio diagnóstico y factor predisponente para presentar esta enfermedad. Conclusiones: Al no haber recomendaciones terapéuticas claras, se ha implementado el uso de beta-bloqueadores, con la idea de contrarrestar el efecto deletéreo de las catecolaminas, así como mejorar el flujo en aquellos pacientes con la obstrucción del tracto de salida del VI (OTSVI).
Principales variantes anatómicas en bronquios y arterias segmentarias en pulmones humanos
Authors: Saladrigas-Sarduy Sirian , Méndez-Pimentel Armando , Bacallao-Cabrera Iris , Lorenzo-Pérez Enia
Published: August 2020

Contexto: El cáncer de pulmón es la enfermedad causante de la mayor mortalidad por neoplasias malignas, tanto a escala mundial como en Cuba, por lo que el conocimiento de las complejas variaciones anatómicas y un acertado conocimiento de la anatomía individual se ha convertido en algo cada más importante para los cirujanos torácicos generales al ejecutar una cirugía precisa y segura. Objetivo: Describir las principales variantes anatómicas en bronquios y arterias segmentarias en pulmones humanos. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en 50 bloques de pulmones humanos obtenidos mediante necropsia del departamento de Medicina Legal del Hospital Docente Clínico Quirúrgico Amalia Simoni de Camagüey. Resultados: se observaron las variantes en los bronquios segmentarios según el número, predominaron los bronquios supernumerarios B1, B2 y B3 en ambos pulmones. La mayor parte de las piezas presentó arterias segmentarias supernumerarias en ambos pulmones A1, A2, A3 y A6. Las variantes en el origen tanto en bronquios como en arterias fueron raras.  Conclusiones: Las variantes de número predominaron respecto a las de origen, se observaron con mayor frecuencia en los lóbulos superiores de ambos pulmones y predominó la duplicidad.