bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation and application of a surfactant‐modified Halloysite nanotubes for the adsorption of nitrates from aqueous solutions: Kinetic and equilibrium studies
Authors: Fizir Meriem , Richa Amina , Touil Sami , Benmokadem Yassmine , Boubekeur Khadidja , Hallal Bochra , Drici Habiba , Wei Liu
Published: September 2022

The current research proposes the hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide‐modified Algerian halloysite nanotubes (HNTs‐CTAB) as adsorbent for nitrate ions removal from aqueous solution via electrostatic interactions. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis techniques have been used to characterize the prepared adsorbants. The different operating condition that may affect the adsorption of nitrate was carried out. HNTs and HNTs‐CTAB adsorption capacities are considerably pH dependent. The optimum conditions for maximum removal of nitrate from aqueous solution were as follows: adsorbent masse was 40 mg, initial pH was 4, temperature was 25°C, initial nitrate concentration of 100 mg/L and equilibrium time was 3 h. Under optimal value of process parameters, maximum NO3− adsorption capacity of 47.4 mg/g was obtained. Kinetic investigation confirmed that the nitrate adsorption on modified HNTs followed a pseudo‐second‐order with correlation coefficients greater than 0.98 (R2 = 0.9870) and that empirical Freundlich isotherm was best fitted nitrate equilibrium adsorption. The thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption of nitrate onto HNTs‐CTAB is endothermic and spontaneous. HNTs‐CTAB displayed high regeneration ability by retaining a capacity above 40 mg/g after four reuse cycles. HNTs‐CTAB containing plentiful nitrate could be returned to the soil directly as an economic slow release fertilizers or a soil amendment due to its environmental‐friendly performance. Therefore, HNTs‐CTAB used for remediation of wastewater might be employed easily as farmland fertilizer.
Construction of hybrid 1D‐0D networks for efficient and accurate blood flow simulations
Authors: Ghitti Beatrice , Blanco Pablo J. , Toro Eleuterio F. , Müller Lucas O.
Published: September 2022

The one‐dimensional (1D) modeling of blood flow in complex networks of vessels and cardiovascular models can result in computationally expensive simulations. The complexity of such networks has significantly increased in the last years, in terms of both enhanced anatomical detail and modeling of physiological mechanisms and mechanical characteristics. To address such issue, the main goal of this work is to present a novel methodology to construct hybrid networks of coupled 1D and 0D vessels and to perform computationally efficient and accurate blood flow simulations in such networks. Departing from both the 1D and lumped‐parameter (0D) nonlinear models for blood flow, we propose high‐order numerical coupling strategies to solve the 1D, 0D, and hybrid coupling of vessels at junctions. To effectively construct hybrid networks, we explore different a‐priori model selection criteria focusing in obtaining the best possible trade‐off between computational cost of the simulations and accuracy of the computed solutions for the hybrid network with respect to the 1D network. The achievement of the expected order of accuracy is verified in several test cases. The novel methodology is applied to two different arterial networks, the 37‐artery network and the reduced ADAN56 model, where, in order to identify the best performinga‐priorimodel selection criteria, the quantitative assessment of CPU times and errors and the qualitative comparison between results are carried out and discussed.
Can we have a second helping? A preregistered direct replication study on the neurobiological mechanisms underlying self‐control
Authors: Scholz Christin , Chan Hang‐Yee , Poldrack Russell A. , de Ridder Denise T. D. , Smidts Ale , van der Laan Laura Nynke
Published: September 2022

Self‐control is of vital importance for human wellbeing. Hare et al. (2009) were among the first to provide empirical evidence on the neural correlates of self‐control. This seminal study profoundly impacted theory and empirical work across multiple fields. To solidify the empirical evidence supporting self‐control theory, we conducted a preregistered replication of this work. Further, we tested the robustness of the findings across analytic strategies. Participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while rating 50 food items on healthiness and tastiness and making choices about food consumption. We closely replicated the original analysis pipeline and supplemented it with additional exploratory analyses to follow‐up on unexpected findings and to test the sensitivity of results to key analytical choices. Our replication data provide support for the notion that decisions are associated with a value signal in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), which integrates relevant choice attributes to inform a final decision. We found that vmPFC activity was correlated with goal values regardless of the amount of self‐control and it correlated with both taste and health in self‐controllers but only taste in non‐self‐controllers. We did not find strong support for the hypothesized role of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) in self‐control. The absence of statistically significant group differences in dlPFC activity during successful self‐control in our sample contrasts with the notion that dlPFC involvement is required in order to effectively integrate longer‐term goals into subjective value judgments. Exploratory analyses highlight the sensitivity of results (in terms of effect size) to the analytical strategy, for instance, concerning the approach to region‐of‐interest analysis.
Characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with ALK‐positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma: Report from the prospective international T‐cell lymphoma project
Authors: Chiattone Carlos , Civallero Monica , Fischer Thais , Miranda Eliana , Manni Martina , Zing Natalia P. C. , Pileri Stefano A. , Montoto Silvia , Horwitz Steven M. , Cabrera Maria Elena , De Souza Carmino A. , Nagler Arnon , Luminari Stefano , Ferreri Andrés J. M. , Carson Kenneth R. , Re Alessandro , Rigacci Luigi , Nassi Luca , Stepanishyna Yana , Federico Massimo , Inghirami Giorgio
Published: September 2022

The T‐cell Lymphoma Project is an international registry prospective study that enrolled patients with newly diagnosed peripheral T‐cell and NK‐cell lymphomas (PTCL). The main objective was to define the clinical features and outcomes, establishing a robust benchmark for future clinical trials. Seventy‐four institutions from 14 countries in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia collected data on patients diagnosed and treated at their respective centers between September 2006 and February 2018. Among 1553 PTCL patients, 131 (8.4% of the total cohort) were confirmed to have anaplastic large cell lymphoma ‐ kinase positive (ALCL, ALK+). The median age of the patients was 39 years (18–84). Sixty‐five patients (66%) had advanced‐stage disease, although majority (45 patients, 54%) had a low‐risk International Prognostic Index (IPI) score (0–1). Of 97 patients treated with chemotherapy, 97% received anthracycline‐containing regimens. The overall response rate was 81%, with 69 patients (70%) achieving complete remission. Estimated OS and PFS at 3 years were 77% (95% CI: 54%–99%) and 68% (95% CI: 46%–90%), respectively, and at 5 years were very similar, 77% of OS (95% CI: 62%–92%) and 64% of PFS (95% CI: 34%–94%). Multivariate analysis for PFS showed advanced stage (hazard ratios [HR]: 4.72, 95% CI: 1.43–23.9, p = 0.015), elevated lactate dehidrogenade (LDH) (HR 4.85; 95% CI: 1.73–13.60, p = 0.001), and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status scale (ECOG‐PS) ≥2 (HR: 5.25; 95% CI: 1.68–16.4, p = 0.024). For OS, elevated LDH (HR: 3.77; 95% CI: 1.98–14.17, p = 0.014) and ECOG‐PS ≥2 (HR: 4.59; 95% CI: 1.46–14.39, p = 0.004) were identified. In summary, although the outcome of ALK+ ALCL is superior to that of other PTCLs, it remains sufficiently favorable, given the young median age of the patients. Our results confirm the usefulness of both IPI and Prognostic Index for T‐cell Lymphoma (PIT) in identifying groups of patients with different outcomes.

Clinical Trials ID: NCT01142674.
A pleiotropic variant in DNAJB4 is associated with multiple myeloma risk
Authors: Dicanio Marco , Giaccherini Matteo , Clay‐Gilmour Alyssa , Macauda Angelica , Sainz Juan , Machiela Mitchell J. , Rybicka‐Ramos Malwina , Norman Aaron D. , Tyczyńska Agata , Chanock Stephen J. , Barington Torben , Kumar Shaji K. , Bhatti Parveen , Cozen Wendy , Brown Elizabeth E. , Suska Anna , Haastrup Eva K. , Orlowski Robert Z. , Dudziński Marek , Garcia‐Sanz Ramon , Kruszewski Marcin , Martinez‐Lopez Joaquin , Beider Katia , Iskierka‐Jazdzewska Elżbieta , Pelosini Matteo , Berndt Sonja I. , Raźny Małgorzata , Jamroziak Krzysztof , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Jurczyszyn Artur , Vangsted Annette Juul , Collado Pilar Garrido , Vogel Ulla , Hofmann Jonathan N. , Petrini Mario , Butrym Aleksandra , Slager Susan L. , Ziv Elad , Subocz Edyta , Giles Graham G. , Andersen Niels Frost , Mazur Grzegorz , Watek Marzena , Lesueur Fabienne , Hildebrandt Michelle A. T. , Zawirska Daria , Ebbesen Lene Hyldahl , Marques Herlander , Gemignani Federica , Dumontet Charles , Várkonyi Judit , Buda Gabriele , Nagler Arnon , Druzd‐Sitek Agnieszka , Wu Xifeng , Kadar Katalin , Camp Nicola J. , Grzasko Norbert , Waller Rosalie G. , Vachon Celine , Canzian Federico , Campa Daniele
Published: September 2022

Pleiotropy, which consists of a single gene or allelic variant affecting multiple unrelated traits, is common across cancers, with evidence for genome‐wide significant loci shared across cancer and noncancer traits. This feature is particularly relevant in multiple myeloma (MM) because several susceptibility loci that have been identified to date are pleiotropic. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify novel pleiotropic variants involved in MM risk using 28 684 independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from GWAS Catalog that reached a significant association (P < 5 × 10−8) with their respective trait. The selected SNPs were analyzed in 2434 MM cases and 3446 controls from the International Lymphoma Epidemiology Consortium (InterLymph). The 10 SNPs showing the strongest associations with MM risk in InterLymph were selected for replication in an independent set of 1955 MM cases and 1549 controls from the International Multiple Myeloma rESEarch (IMMEnSE) consortium and 418 MM cases and 147 282 controls from the FinnGen project. The combined analysis of the three studies identified an association between DNAJB4‐rs34517439‐A and an increased risk of developing MM (OR = 1.22, 95%CI 1.13‐1.32, P = 4.81 × 10−7). rs34517439‐A is associated with a modified expression of the FUBP1 gene, which encodes a multifunctional DNA and RNA‐binding protein that it was observed to influence the regulation of various genes involved in cell cycle regulation, among which various oncogenes and oncosuppressors. In conclusion, with a pleiotropic scan approach we identified DNAJB4‐rs34517439 as a potentially novel MM risk locus.
Detection and classification of large bowel obstruction from X‐ray images using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Tamyalew Yibeltal , Salau Ayodeji Olalekan , Ayalew Aleka Melese
Published: September 2022

Large bowel obstruction (LBO) occurs when there is a blockage or twisting in the large bowel that prevents wastes and gas from passing through. If left untreated, the blockage cuts off blood supply to the colon, causing sections of it to die which results in high rates of morbidity and fatality. The examination of clinical symptoms of LBO involves careful inspection of the cecum and colon. Radiologists use X‐rays to inspect the clinical signs. Some research has been done to automate the detection of related abdominal and intestinal diseases. However, all these studies concentrate only on detecting Crohn's, ulcerative colitis, Acute Appendicitis, colorectal cancer, celiac diseases, liver diseases, and chronic kidney diseases. Automatic detection and classification of LBO has not been given due attention so far to the best of the authors knowledge. To address this challenge, we have designed a model for the detection and classification of LBO. The models development comprises of stages such as preprocessing, detection, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. We used YOLOv3 for detection and used a gray scale level co‐occurrence matrix (GLCM), and a convolutional neural network for feature extraction, while support vector machine (SVM) and softmax were used for classification. The proposed model achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 89% when feature extraction methods such as CNN and median filter with softmax classifier were used. CNN and Gaussian filter with soft max classifier achieved 91%, while CNN and anisotropic filter with soft max classifier achieved 92%. GLCM with threshold segmentation and Gaussian filter with SVM classifier achieved 87%, while CNN with watershed segmentation and Gaussian filter with SVM classifier achieved 97% and CNN‐GLCM with watershed segmentation and anisotropic diffusion filter with SVM classifier achieved 98% for detection and classification of LBO. Finally, this paper presented a performance analysis of various machine learning approaches for detection and classification of LBO. Hence, our model is designed to assist human experts (Radiologists) in diagnosing LBO.
Approach to the anorexic rabbit
Authors: Pellett Sarah , Hinde Jo
Published: September 2022

Background: An anorexic rabbit is a common presentation to a veterinary practice and it's vital to remember that anorexia is not a single syndrome but can occur because of multifactorial conditions that often cause pain. Rabbits are prey species and hide clinical signs, so when they present to the clinic, the disease process is often advanced. Anorexia is one sign that may be seen with rabbit gastrointestinal syndrome, and other clinical signs include abdominal pain/distension, lethargy and lack of faecal output. Pain is associated with these signs and must be effectively addressed, in addition to the underlying cause. Anorexia may be a sign of other diseases such as upper respiratory tract disease, urogenital disease or dental disease.

Aim of the article: This article outlines the approach to the anorexic rabbit, highlighting the main differential diagnoses for the underlying causes of anorexia, and discusses how to provide supportive care and the treatment options available.
Personal financial planning: key focus points and their relevance
Authors: Laverty Mark
Published: September 2022

Financial planning for individuals can often be a daunting and stressful subject. As part of a financial series in collaboration with The Vet Service, this article gives a broad overview of the topic and simplifies the core elements to provide readers with a good foundation for personal financial planning.
Three‐dimensional ultrasound virtual organ computer‐aided analysis to monitor fetal intracranial volume development characteristics: A multi‐center study in a Chinese population
Authors: He HuiQin , Shu Shuang , Lan WenLi , Peng Cui , Ma MingXia , Li KaiShu
Published: September 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of monitoring fetal intracranial volume using three‐dimensional ultrasound virtual organ computer‐aided analysis (VOCAL) technology and to analyze normal fetal brain growth.

Methods

This multi‐center prospective cross‐sectional study included 821 pregnant women (18–40 gestational weeks) divided into 23 groups according to gestational week. We used transabdominal three‐dimensional ultrasound VOCAL to monitor fetal intracranial volume; explore the correlation between intracranial volume and gestational age, biparietal diameter (BPD), and head circumference (HC); and analyze the proportion of brain weight to body weight.

Results

The intracranial volume of normal fetuses conformed to the normal distribution, gradually increased with gestational age, and was highly correlated with gestational age (r = 0.977), BPD (r = 0.975), and HC (r = 0.953; p < 0.001). The median percentage of brain weight (BW) to estimated fetal weight (EFW) was between 13% and 21%, and the BW/EFW ratio showed a significant downward trend in the third trimester. The VOCAL technology monitored the fetal intracranial volume with good repeatability.

Conclusions

VOCAL technology is feasible for monitoring the fetal intracranial volume, and the intracranial volume increases more than 10‐times in the second and third trimesters.
Next‐generation sequencing‐based analysis to assess the pattern of relapse in patients with Philadelphia‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Ahn Jae‐Sook , Kim TaeHyung , Jung Sung‐Hoon , Ahn Seo‐Yeon , Song Ga‐Young , Kim Mihee , Yang Deok‐Hwan , Lee Je‐Jung , Kim Mi Yeon , Moon Joon Ho , Zhang Zhaolei , Kim Hyeoung‐Joon , Kim Dennis Dong Hwan
Published: September 2022

In this study, we performed serial monitoring using targeted DNA sequencing to identify genetic alterations in adults with Philadelphia‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph‐ALL). Deep sequencing was performed by targeting the coding regions of 45 genes with recurrent driver mutations and 1129 single nucleotide polymorphism sites. Of the 43 patients that we examined, at least one case of genetic alterations was detected in 38 (88%) of the 43 patients at diagnosis (somatic mutations in 10 patients [23%] and copy number aberrations [CNA] in 36 patients [84%]). The most frequently detected CNA lesions were in IKZF1 (n = 25, 58%) and the most frequently mutated gene was SETD2 (n = 5). At least one genetic abnormality (loss, gain, or persistence) was observed in all the samples obtained at relapse that were available for analysis (n = 15), compared with the samples obtained at diagnosis (disappearance of any previously detected genetic alterations: 11 patients [73%]; new genetic abnormalities: nine patients [60%]; and persistent genetic abnormalities: eight patients [53%]]. The most frequently deleted lesions were in IKZF1 (n = 9, 60%), and the most frequently mutated gene was ABL1 (eight patients, 53%). Our data indicate that leukemic progression may be associated with complex genetic alterations in Ph‐ALL during the course of treatment.
An unusual case of hepatosplenic T‐cell lymphoma‐like unclassifiable T/NK‐cell lymphoma accompanied by acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Lee Shin , Kito Yusuke , Fujita Kei , Wakayama Hiroto , Kimura Masaki , Kawashima Keisuke , Tabata Tetsuya , Yoshino Tadashi , Hara Takeshi , Tsurumi Hisashi
Published: September 2022

We describe a case of unclassifiable T/NK‐cell lymphoma with concomitant acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A 73‐year‐old Japanese man was diagnosed with AML by bone marrow smear, but the presence of splenomegaly and liver tumor was incompatible with AML. Splenectomy and hepatic resection were performed to resolve the thrombocytopenia and define the diagnosis. The pathological findings showed sinusoidal involvement of abnormal lymphoid cells that were CD3‐positive but negative for T‐cell receptor (TCR) rearrangement. Our case could not be categorized as hepatosplenic T‐cell lymphoma because of the lack of immunohistological expression of TCR, despite the clinical similarity.
Design, synthesis and biological activities of 1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine‐7‐amine derivatives bearing 1,2,4‐oxadiazole motif
Authors: Han Lin‐Ru , Cheng Long , Hu Dong‐Song , Chen Qing‐Wu , Han Liang , Xu Tian‐Ming , Liu Xing‐Hai , Wu Ning‐Jie
Published: September 2022

Pyrimidine is an important heterocyclic ring with various activities, which are widely used in the field of pesticides and medicines. In this paper, a series of 1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine‐7‐amine compounds (V1–V16) containing 1,2,4‐oxadiazole moiety were designed and synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 19F NMR, and HRMS. The biological activity results showed that compounds V5, V6, V7, V9, V10, V12, and V13 possessed good activity against Mythimna separate at 500 ppm, while compound V4 exhibited moderate activity against Aphis medicagini at 500 ppm. Furthermore, compounds V1 and V3 displayed good fungicidal activity against Pseudoperonospora cubensis at 200 ppm.
Observational study of the South American low‐level jet during the SALLJEX
Authors: Yabra Melina Sol , Nicolini Matilde , Borque Paloma , Skabar Yanina Garcia , Salio Paola
Published: September 2022

The South American low‐level jet (SALLJ) is a narrow northerly wind speed maximum present just above the boundary layer. It is an important component of the tropical–extratropical heat and moisture exchange in South America and can favour deep moist convection in southeastern South America. The main objective of this study is to analyse the SALLJ characteristics at 21 upper‐air stations deployed between the Tropics and the subtropics from just east of the Andes to the eastern plains during the SALLJ Experiment (SALLJEX). The greatest wind speed occurs between 300 and 2,000 m AGL between 0300 and 1200 UTC, mainly in connection with greater northerly winds during an anticlockwise rotation of the wind from sunset to sunrise, thus suggesting the important role of the inertial oscillation in the wind's diurnal cycle. The spatial variation of the LLJ throughout the SALLJEX network shows a weakening of the maximum wind speed from stations near the Andes towards the Plains suggesting the presence of the LLJ core just east of the Andes around Santa Cruz de la Sierra's latitude (17°48′S). Weak, moderate, and strong SALLJ categories defined from a local maximum northerly wind speed threshold at each station are defined to analyse the relationship between the SALLJ intensity and the thermodynamic properties of the lower layers of the atmosphere. Strong SALLJs are frequently observed at night‐time, while weak SALLJs are likely to occur at any time of the day. Strong cases have deeper and less stable nocturnal boundary layers, which could be due to the SALLJ warm advection near the time of wind speed maximum (0600 UTC). Deeper convective boundary layers and higher low‐level temperatures observed at 1800 UTC prior to strong nocturnal SALLJs can potentially lead to larger amplitudes of inertial oscillation and contribute to generating stronger SALLJs.
Posterior auricular artery as a novel anatomic landmark for identification of the facial nerve: A clinical study
Authors: Liu Muyuan , Tong Litian , Xu Manbin , Xu Xiang , Guo Haipeng , Xu Shaowei , Peng Hanwei
Published: September 2022

Background

In our previous cadaveric study, we highlighted the posterior auricular artery (PAA) as a potential landmark for early identification of facial nerve (FN) when performing parotidectomy. However, further clinical study is critically needed before this landmark could be applied in clinical practice.

Methods

For 31 patients enrolled, we tried to identify the FN by the guide of the PAA during parotidectomy. Additionally, the FN function was evaluated during follow‐up.

Results

PAA could be exposed in 28 out of 31 (90.3%) patients during parotidectomy. Moreover, the FN trunk could be identified by the guide of the PAA in all these 28 patients with identifiable PAA. Furthermore, no iatrogenic FN damage happened in this study and the transient FN dysfunction rate was 5.7%.

Conclusion

The PAA is an ideal landmark for early identification of the FN trunk when performing parotidectomy.
Safety and feasibility of selective tongue fat reduction with injected ice‐slurry
Authors: Orestes Michael Ian , Tuchayi Sara Moradi , Wang Ying , Farinelli William , Arkun Knarik , Anderson R. Rox , Thomas Richard , Garibyan Lilit
Published: September 2022

Objectives

There is growing evidence that excess adipose tissue within the head and neck contributes to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), particularly in obese patients. This subset of the population is often difficult to treat with surgical therapies. We theorized that a novel, transcervical method of injectable cryoablation using ice‐slurry can achieve low temperatures without causing neurovascular damage or airway distress in a swine model.

Methods

Four Yorkshire pigs were injected with ice‐slurry comprised of normal saline and 10% glycerol cooled to −6°C via a transcervical, ultrasound guided approach. Direct laryngoscopy was used to confirm accurate placement of the slurry. Thermocouple placement at the needle‐tip was used to measure temperatures at injection site. Swine were monitored for clinical signs of tongue necrosis and airway edema for 2 months, and then euthanized. Twelve biopsy samples from the base of the tongue were collected for histology. These were assessed for presence of tissue damage, inflammation and collagen formation by a blinded board‐certified pathologist.

Results

Tongue tissue temperature below 10°C was achieved for 13.5 ± 1.1 min. Minimum tissue temperature was −4 ± 0.6°C. There was no clinical or pathological evidence of tongue damage to include damage to the lingual nerve or artery. There was some histologic evidence of new collagen formation in areas of the tongue.

Conclusions

Transcervical ultrasound‐guided ice‐slurry injection is feasible, well‐tolerated at temperatures previously shown to be capable of selectively targeting adipose tissue in the base of the tongue in a preclinical swine model, without causing neurovascular damage or airway distress when properly injected.
Massive circumpolar biomass of Southern Ocean zooplankton: Implications for food web structure, carbon export, and marine spatial planning
Authors: Yang Guang , Atkinson Angus , Pakhomov Evgeny A. , Hill Simeon L. , Racault Marie‐Fanny
Published: September 2022

With rapid, sector‐specific climatic changes impacting the Southern Ocean, we need circumpolar‐scale biomass data of its plankton taxa to improve food web models, blue carbon budgets and resource management. Here, we provide a new dataset on mesozooplankton biomass with 2909 records spanning the last 90 yr, and describe, in comparable carbon units, their circumpolar distribution alongside those of phytoplankton, Antarctic krill, and salps. With our datasets, we estimate total summer carbon biomasses for phytoplankton (36 MT), mesozooplankton (67 MT), krill (30 MT), and salps (1.7 MT). The mesozooplankton value is much higher than previously reported and, added to that of krill and salps, points to an enormous overall biomass of zooplankton in the Southern Ocean. This means that the pyramids of biomass are often inverted, with higher biomass of zooplankton than of phytoplankton. Such high biomasses suggest key roles of grazers in nutrient cycling and we estimate an export of ~ 50 Mt C yr−1, solely from mortality of overwintering zooplankton that typically reside at depth. Deep lipid respiration (the lipid pump), for example, would increase this export even further. While inverted biomass pyramids prevailed at mid latitudes (50°–70°S), the balance of taxa differed regionally: for example, with biomass dominance by phytoplankton (highest latitudes and Pacific sector), mesozooplankton (Kerguelen Plateau), krill (north and east Scotia Sea), and salps (Crozet area). In light of contrasting climate change impacts between these sectors, we provide data that will underpin biogeochemical and food web models, blue carbon budgets, and the planning of marine protected areas.
Charge Transfer Dynamics at the Interface of CsPbX3 Perovskite Nanocrystal‐Acceptor Complexes: A Femtosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Liu Xiaochun , Zeng Peng , Chen Shuhan , Smith Trevor A. , Liu Mingzhen
Published: September 2022

CsPbX3 (X = I–, Br–, Cl–) perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) are being explored extensively due to their impressive optoelectronic and photonic properties. Efficient harvest of photogenerated charge carriers from the particle is essential for photon‐to‐current conversion and enhancement of the performance of PeNC‐based photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications. Since photoinduced charge transfer (CT) from the particle usually occurs on sub‐picosecond to nanosecond timescales, time‐resolved transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy is a powerful technique to investigate this transient dynamic photoinduced process. Herein reported investigations are reviewed, primarily employing femtosecond TA spectroscopy, of the CT process in CsPbX3 PeNCs. Based on the interpretation of TA spectral features and the basic model of CT dynamics, the concerns of CT rates or efficiency characterization in TA measurements, including multiple CT pathway effects, surface ligand effects, and hot charge carrier extraction are addressed. An elucidation of plasmon‐induced hot electron transfer is also provided in CsPbX3 PeNC‐noble metal heterostructures for their promising potential to contribute the development of CsPbX3 PeNC‐based hot carrier devices. It is hoped that this review can provide deeper insights into the photovoltaic conversion in order to make the most of the CT process in CsPbX3 PeNCs.
Facile Patterning of Organic Single‐Crystalline Microwire Array for Mode‐Tunable Microlasers and Photodetectors
Authors: Qian Meng‐dan , Zhang Hui , Tang Bao‐lei , Zhang Qiaoyan , Li Li‐xia , Yu Kun , Yan Yong , Zhang Hongyu , Liu Yu‐fang
Published: September 2022

The modulation of organic single‐crystalline micropatterns with ordered alignment and effective output is of great significance to integrated photonic devices as well as optoelectronics. However, it remains an intractable challenge to precisely regulate the crystalline morphology toward specific micropatterns with tunable size, controlled position, and uniform orientation. Here, a combination method with template‐confined self‐assembly and femtosecond laser processing is proposed for the fabrication of large‐scale 1D single‐crystal microwire arrays as high‐quality microlasers and photodetectors. Specifically, the precursor solution of organic semiconductors confined in predefined polydimethylsiloxane template tends to uniaxially crystallize under the guidance of prepatterned linear microchannels, producing highly crystalline and aligned 1D microwire array. Photodetectors based on the 1D microwire array show sensitive and fast responsivity toward 450 nm illumination. Furthermore, the continuous microwire array can be engineered to a series of crystal subunits with tunable lengths through femtosecond laser processing technique. Each microwire subunit can act as a Fabry–Pérot (FP) microcavity resonator for the generation of stable and high‐quality organic laser. This work provides new ideas to obtain highly aligned and size‐controlled microwire arrays based on organic single‐crystalline semiconductors, which contributes to the potential applications in integrated organic lasers and optoelectronics.
Comparison of the safety and efficacy of low fluence Q‐switched 1064‐nm and conventional Q‐Switched 755‐nm lasers in the treatment of café‐au‐lait macules: A prospective self‐controlled trial
Authors: Cen Qingqing , Zhu Jiafang , Zhou Lucia , Yu Wenxin , Wu Xianglei , Liu Ying , Ma Gang , Luo Lan , Lin Xiaoxi
Published: September 2022

Background

Conventional high fluence Q‐switched (HFQS) Alexandrite 755‐nm are widely used in clinical café‐au‐lait macules (CALMs) treatment. There have been recent concerns regarding the efficacy and safety of low fluence Q‐switched (LFQS) Nd: YAG 1064‐nm lasers.

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the conventional HFQS and LFQS laser in the treatment of CALMs.

Methods

Within 3 months, 20 patients underwent prospective self‐controlled split‐lesion treatments with HFQS once or twice depending on the recovery rate, and with LFQS six times biweekly. Then the more effective laser was selected for continued treatments. Efficacy outcomes were evaluated by a visual analog scale (VAS) biweekly during the comparative trail. Recovery process, side effects and recurrence were recorded during the trial and follow‐up visit. Patient and physician preferences for laser selection were also recorded.

Results

The average VAS scores of areas treated with HFQS and LFQS were 2.92 ± 0.86 and 2.93 ± 1.13, respectively (p > 0.05). The most significant efficacy change of LFQS was after the fourth laser treatment (VAS score: 1.82−2.37, p < 0.001). 11 lesions treated with LFQS and 7 with HFQS achieved an optimal treatment response (3.67 ≤ VAS ≤ 4). Three patients relapsed on one side (one on LFQS, two on HFQS) and five on both sides. Adverse effects included temporary hypopigmentation, hyperpigmentation, uneven pigmentation, and mottled hypopigmentation. Doctors thought 80% of patients were suitable for LFQS. 70% of patients preferred LFQS posttreatment.

Conclusions

The efficacy difference between the LFQS 1064‐nm laser and HFQS 755‐nm laser in treating CALMs in a 3‐month comparative trial was statistically insignificant. LFQS is preferred by doctors and patients and is likely to help more patients achieve treatment efficacy than the HFQS within a short time, with fewer temporary adverse reactions, and a more even pigmentation. But it can cause mottled hypopigmentation. The LFQS had obvious lesion clearance after the fourth treatment.
APNA releases first study targeting PMH nursing workforce
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: September 2022

Although psychiatric mental health nurses (PMH) — both registered nurses and advanced practice registered nurses — represent the second largest group of behavioral health professionals in the U.S. with more than 130,000 active in the field, the workforce is aging and young people are needed to join this profession, according to a new report released by the American Psychiat‐ric Nurses Association (APNA). APNA said the report is the first research study specifically targeting the PMH nursing workforce.
Identification of the anatomy of the deep temporal vein using computed tomography imaging: A retrospective cross‐sectional review of patient imaging
Authors: McKinnon Victoria E. , Riaz Shaista , Stubbs Euan , McRae Mark H. , McRae Matthew C.
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The deep temporal vein (DTV) can be used in free flap procedures when the superficial temporal vein is inadequate. Despite its potential utility, its branching patterns have only been examined in one small anatomic study. The purpose of this study was to examine computed tomography angiography (CTA) images to determine DTV location, variation, and suitability as a microvascular recipient, to provide surgeons with a guide for its use in head and neck defects.

Methods

A retrospective chart review identified 152 patient CTA images (76 female; 76 male) in a single academic center imaging database, selected consecutively from January 2017 to April 2020. Patients under 19 years were excluded; ages ranged from 19 to 80 years (average 51.6 years). Reason for imaging, DTV caliber, laterality, distance to zygomatic arch (ZA [coronal and sagittal]), distance to lateral orbital rim (LOR), and branching pattern were recorded.

Results

The predominant reason for imaging was to rule out cerebrovascular accident (96.2%). Average caliber was 3.46 ± 1.29 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] [3.32, 3.61]; range, 1.00–10.8). Bilateral DTVs were observed in 98.7% of patients. Average distance to landmarks were as follows: ZA (coronal), 13.8 ± 5.85 mm (95% CI [13.2, 14.5]; range, 2.7–33.8); ZA (sagittal), 15.1 ± 6.12 mm (95% CI [14.1, 16.1]; range, 2.8–47.2); LOR, 47.1 ± 9.09 mm (95% CI [46.0, 48.1]; range, 10.8–62.9). Seven branching patterns were identified, including a posterior vertical variant that bypasses the superficial temporal fat pad.

Conclusions

The DTV is a “lifeboat” option for head and neck reconstruction. Its average caliber is sufficient for use in microsurgery. Knowledge of both its typical and aberrant courses allow for efficient preoperative planning and surgical dissection. CTA is a useful adjunct when planning to use the DTV for free tissue transfer.
Computer‐aided Evaluation of Polyvalent Medications’ Pharmacological Potential. Multiphytoadaptogen as a Case Study
Authors: Bocharova O. A. , Ionov N. S. , Kazeev I. V. , Shevchenko V. E. , Bocharov E. V. , Karpova R. V. , Sheychenko O. P. , Aksyonov A. A. , Chulkova S. V. , Kucheryanu V. G. , Revishchin A. V. , Pavlova G. V. , Kosorukov V. S. , Filimonov D. A. , Lagunin A. A. , Matveev V. B. , Pyatigorskaya N. V. , Stilidi I. S. , Poroikov V. V.
Published: September 2022

Many human diseases including cancer, degenerative and autoimmune disorders, diabetes and others are multifactorial. Pharmaceutical agents acting on a single target do not provide their efficient curation. Multitargeted drugs exhibiting pleiotropic pharmacological effects have certain advantages due to the normalization of the complex pathological processes of different etiology. Extracts of medicinal plants (EMP) containing multiple phytocomponents are widely used in traditional medicines for multifactorial disorders’ treatment. Experimental studies of pharmacological potential for multicomponent compositions are quite expensive and time‐consuming. In silico evaluation of EMP the pharmacological potential may provide the basis for selecting the most promising directions of testing and for identifying potential additive/synergistic effects. Multiphytoadaptogen (MPhA) containing 70 major phytocomponents of different chemical classes from 40 medicinal plant extracts has been studied in vitro, in vivo and in clinical researches. Antiproliferative and anti‐tumor activities have been shown against some tumors as well as evidence‐based therapeutic effects against age‐related pathologies. In addition, the neuroprotective, antioxidant, antimutagenic, radioprotective, and immunomodulatory effects of MPhA were confirmed. Analysis of the PASS profiles of the biological activity of MPhA phytocomponents showed that most of the predicted anti‐tumor and anti‐metastatic effects were consistent with the results of laboratory and clinical studies. Antimutagenic, immunomodulatory, radioprotective, neuroprotective and anti‐Parkinsonian effects were also predicted for most of the phytocomponents. Effects associated with positive effects on the male and female reproductive systems have been identified too.

Thus, PASS and PharmaExpert can be used to evaluate the pharmacological potential of complex pharmaceutical compositions containing natural products
Health, diet, and mortuary practices in the countryside of Byzantine and post‐Byzantine Boeotia: The case of Hagios Sozon in Orchomenos
Authors: Tritsaroli Paraskevi , Mion Leïa , Herrscher Estelle , André Guy , Vaxevanis Giannis
Published: September 2022

This paper explores issues of health, diet, and mortuary practices in the countryside of Boeotia, Central Greece, during the Byzantine and post‐Byzantine periods (12th‐19th centuries AD). Boeotia was one of the Byzantine Empire's most important economic and artistic centers with a flourishing life in the cities and the countryside alike and a varied (socially and culturally) population. The human remains unearthed in connection to the church of Hagios Sozon in Orchomenos were analyzed to investigate the everyday challenges and social makeup of the inhabitants in the countryside. The examination of paleopathological lesions and stable isotopes (carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur) in combination showed moderate living conditions, a homogenous terrestrial diet, and signs of mobility, while the consumption of freshwater food sources was not detected, despite the vicinity to Lake Copais. Finally, social differentiation was suggested through the construction of a family burial structure and the mortuary treatment for preterms, perinates, and infants.
Polydopamine coating on additive manufacturing‐based poly lactic acid structures with controllable parameters for enhanced mechanical properties: An experimental investigation
Authors: Sharma Shrutika , Mudgal Deepa , Gupta Vishal
Published: September 2022

Dopamine mainly consists of catechol and amine groups in high concentrations that are mainly responsible for interfacial adhesion of dopamine with the substrate and possesses the ability of oxidation through self‐polymerization that results in the formation of polydopamine. The weak mechanical properties of poly lactic acid (PLA) limit its applications in a variety of applications. Polydopamine is widely known for its deposition on a variety of organic and inorganic surfaces. The present study is aimed at studying the effect of the polydopamine coating on mechanical properties of PLA structures fabricated at varying infill density and coated at different concentrations of coating solution immersed for 4 and 7 h. The deposition of polydopamine coating on various PLA structures was confirmed with the help of scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis. Significant improvement in tensile and compression strengths was found, which was in agreement with the change in weight percentage analysis. The application of polydopamine coating led to improvement in hydrophilicity and degree of crystallinity with the increase in surface roughness of the polymer. The findings from this study will help in utilization of polydopamine‐coated PLA as an alternative over PLA with weak mechanical properties for biomedical applications involving high‐strength biomedical implants and bone tissue engineering.
Low density polyethylene composites based on flax fibers modified by a combination of coupling agent
Authors: Chimeni‐Yomeni Désiré , Fazli Ali , Dubois Charles , Rodrigue Denis
Published: September 2022

This investigation proposes a natural fiber surface modification approach based on the use of a system of coupling agents (CAs) to improve the mechanical properties of polymer composites made of flax fibers and low‐density polyethylene. This system combines the coating of the NaOH treated (mercerized) flax fibers by a CA (Epolene C18 [M‐C18]) in a solution under moderated heat (70°C–80°C), followed by the addition of 1% or 3% wt. of another CA (Epolene E43 [M‐E43]) during the injection molding. The comparison between the solution modified and the neat and mercerized flax fibers using scanning electron micrograph (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and density underscored some differences ascribed to the presence of M‐C18 onto the modified fibers. The mechanical properties showed that the combination of solution modification and direct introduction during the injection‐molding step of 1% of M‐E43 was efficient as the corresponding composites exhibited an improvement of 9.1%, 15.9%, and 11.1% of his tensile, flexural, and impact strengths respectively compared to the neat fiber composite. Due to their good impact and flexural strengths, these composites can be suitable for automotive parts such as keyboard.
Registration of six synthetic hexaploid wheat germplasm as sources of resistance to tan spot, stem rust, and stripe rust and adult plant resistance to leaf rust
Authors: Kalia Bhanu , Gill Bikram S.
Published: September 2022

Aegilops tauschii is the donor of D‐genome of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as well as several agronomically desirable genes important for wheat improvement. The genetic transfers from Ae. tauschii to bread wheat are achieved either through direct crosses or indirectly through production of synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW). Synthetic hexaploid wheat is produced by crossing tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) with Ae. tauschii, followed by chromosome doubling of the F1 hybrid by colchicine. Six Ae. tauschii accessions based on their seedling resistance to tan spot, stem rust, stripe rust and adult plant resistance to leaf rust and two tetraploid wheat genotypes (tetraPrelude and tetraThatcher) were used for the production of SHWs. The present report describes the production and evaluation of six new SHWs, TA4161‐L1 (Reg. no. GP‐1071, PI 700779), TA4161‐L2 (Reg. no. GP‐1072, PI 700780), TA4161‐L3 (Reg. no. GP‐1073, PI 700781), TA4161‐L4 (Reg. no. GP‐1074, PI 700782), TA4161‐L5 (Reg. no. GP‐1075, PI 700783), and TA4161‐L6 (Reg. no. GP‐1076, PI 700784), for seedling resistance to tan spot, stem rest, stripe rust, and adult plant resistance to leaf rust. The SHWs reported here with higher levels of resistance to race 1 of Pyrenospora tritici‐repentis would be an excellent addition to the current collection of tan spot–resistant germplasm. The resistance to the three rusts was not expressed in the SHWs due to the presence of rust‐suppressor factors in tetraploid parents. However, the SHWs will be good source material for new resistance genes to the three rusts in derivative lines upon breeding with nonsuppressive wheat genotypes as well as for the mapping of rust‐suppressive factors.
muSignAl: An algorithm to search for multiple omic signatures with similar predictive performance
Authors: Prasad Bodhayan , Bjourson Anthony J. , Shukla Priyank
Published: September 2022

Multidimensional omic datasets often have correlated features leading to the possibility of discovering multiple biological signatures with similar predictive performance for a phenotype. However, their exploration is limited by low sample size and the exponential nature of the combinatorial search leading to high computational cost. To address these issues, we have developed an algorithm muSignAl (multiple signature algorithm) which selects multiple signatures with similar predictive performance while systematically bypassing the requirement of exploring all the combinations of features. We demonstrated the workflow of this algorithm with an example of proteomics dataset. muSignAl is applicable in various bioinformatics‐driven explorations, such as understanding the relationship between multiple biological feature sets and phenotypes, and discovery and development of biomarker panels while providing the opportunity of optimising their development cost with the help of equally good multiple signatures. Source code of muSignAl is freely available at https://github.com/ShuklaLab/muSignAl.
Solvent‐polarity‐dependent excited‐state behaviors for 2‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazole‐5‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)phenol fluorophore: A theoretical study
Authors: Li Songtao , Cao Yahui , Dong Hao
Published: September 2022

In this work, we mainly focus on elaborating the effects of solvent polarity on excited state interactions and intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) behavior for the novel dye 2‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazole‐5‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)phenol (HBT‐Cz). Six aprotic solvents with different polarities are considered. Via comparing geometrical parameters, infrared (IR) vibrational spectra, and atomic charge distributions, we confirm that the hydrogen bond of HBT‐Cz is enhanced in S1 state. The enhancement of hydrogen bonding with low polarity is particularly important. Via exploring molecular orbitals, we find that intramolecular charge transfer happens and charge redistribution facilitates ESIPT reaction. Results show that low solvent polarity is more conducive to ESIPT process for HBT‐Cz. In order to clarify detailed reaction mechanism, we construct potential energy curves and determine that the ESIPT process of HBT‐Cz fluorophores could be controlled by solvent polarity. We not only elucidate the excited state behavior of HBT‐Cz systems but also present the polarity‐dependent ESIPT mechanism for HBT‐Cz fluorophore.