bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HDLs extract lipophilic drugs from cells
Authors: Zheng Adi , Dubuis Gilles , Georgieva Maria , Mendes Ferreira Carla Susana , Serulla Marc , del Carmen Conde Rubio Maria , Trofimenko Evgeniya , Mercier Thomas , Decosterd Laurent , Widmann Christian
Published: January 2022

High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) prevent cell death induced by a variety of cytotoxic drugs. The underlying mechanisms are however still poorly understood. Here, we present evidence that HDLs efficiently protect cells against thapsigargin (TG), a sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) inhibitor, by extracting the drug from cells. Drug efflux could also be triggered to some extent by low-density lipoproteins and serum. HDLs did not reverse the non-lethal mild ER stress response induced by low TG concentrations or by SERCA knockdown, but HDLs inhibited the toxic SERCA-independent effects mediated by high TG concentrations. HDLs could extract other lipophilic compounds, but not hydrophilic substances. This work shows that HDLs utilize their capacity of loading themselves with lipophilic compounds, akin to their ability to extract cellular cholesterol, to reduce the cell content of hydrophobic drugs. This can be beneficial if lipophilic xenobiotics are toxic but may be detrimental to the therapeutic benefit of lipophilic drugs such as glibenclamide.
The Pleasures of Life and the Praise of Wisdom in the Book of Qohelet in the Light of Medieval Jewish Interpreters
Authors: Gomez Aranda Mariano
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes how the most important medieval Jewish exegetes interpreted the book of Qohelet. It is focused on some of the most controversial ideas of the text, namely, the meaning of pleasures of life and the kind of wisdom praised in the book. The question of authorship, although not controversial, is also analyzed. The interpretations of medieval Jewish exegetes on these topics were the basis for their understanding of the purpose of the book as a whole. Different explanations were given by Jewish exegetes on whether the book of Qohelet encourages asceticism or promotes the knowledge of foreign sciences.
Użycie Księgi Koheleta w Ewangelii wg św. Łukasza
Authors: Olszewska Karolina
Published: January 2022

W Łk można wskazać osiem fragmentów, w których widoczne są odniesienia do Koh (2,40.52; 8,5–8a; 8,25.35; 11,42; 12,2–3; 12,19; 12,20; 12,25). Najczęściej w passusach trzeciej ewangelii można widzieć echo słów zapisanych przez Eklezjastesa. Nie jest to jednak jedyny rodzaj związku zachodzący pomiędzy tymi tekstami. W Koh 1,16 bohater przedstawiony jako Salomon może być typem Jezusa pokazanego w Łk 2,40.52. W Łk 12,19 można widzieć natomiast prawdopodobną aluzję do Koh 8,15. Użycie typologii, aluzji i ech w zaprezentowanych powyżej fragmentach wpisuje się w badanie zależności intertekstualnych pomiędzy tekstami. Autor trzeciej ewangelii poprzez użycie Koh dokonuje jego reinterpretacji.
„Melior est canis vivus leone mortuo”. Koh 9,4 w patrystyce greckiej i łacińskiej
Authors: Paczkowski Mieczysław Celestyn
Published: January 2022

Artykuł stanowi analizę interpretacji Koh 9,4 w tradycji chrześcijańskiej. W odniesieniu do egzegezy tego wersetu ma się do dyspozycji materiał o różnym charakterze. Poszczególne interpretacje pochodzą nie tylko z pism specyficznie egzegetycznych, ale także z dzieł o innym charakterze. Na tej podstawie można dostrzec kierunki interpretacji całej biblijnej Księgi Eklezjastesa, a także pojedynczego wersetu. W celu lepszego zrozumienia specyficznej tematyki, najpierw zostaje przedstawiona historia interpretacji Księgi Eklezjastesa w starożytności chrześcijańskiej. Koh 9,4 był wyjaśniany w sposób alegoryczny lub z odwołaniem się do prozopopei. Następnie zostały przeanalizowane znaczące fragmenty dzieł odnoszących się do Koh 9,4. Ojcowie Kościoła zajmowali się Koh 9,4 tylko okazyjnie, bowiem cała księga nie była zbytnio popularna wśród kaznodziejów i egzegetów epoki patrystycznej. Koh 9,4 był traktowany jako problem egzegetyczny do rozwiązania, jako przykład porzekadła, które otrzymało różne wersje i było używane także w kręgach kościelnych. Refleksja nad Koh 9,4 w okresie patrystycznym znajduje wiele punktów stycznych, ale także istnieją różnice w poszczególnych wyjaśnieniach tego wersetu. W ten sposób stworzono płaszczyznę dla jego bogatszej interpretacji już w epoce średniowiecza.
Building on Foreign Expertise. Military and Agricultural Experts and the Eastward Expansion of Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Sweden
Authors: Schiavone Sebastian , Kortekangas Otso
Published: January 2022

In the second half of the sixteenth and the first half of the seventeenth century, the Kingdom of Sweden was almost constantly engaged in armed conflicts with neighbouring kingdoms. Both offensive and defensive wars were characteristic of the Swedish foreign policy from 1550s to 1650s. The same period witnessed the emergence of the Swedish Empire because, due to these conflicts, Sweden was able to acquire new domains in the Baltic region and to expand its territories in both east and south. These geopolitical realities pushed all Vasa kings into multiple projects aiming to rationalise Sweden’s army and its military strategy as well as to develop the acquired areas in various ways. Our article presents two development project examples of this emerging empire (1) Scottish officers (the Swedish Crown acknowledged the military expertise of Scottish troops as well as their officers and tried to harness this experience for Sweden), and (2) the planned modernisation of Ingria through German and Dutch colonisation and agricultural development. The article examines the needs and expertise expectations that the Swedish Crown directed towards these foreign groups. The emergence of Sweden as a European empire did not occur in a geopolitical vacuum. International contacts and the influx of European expertise into Sweden were important factors in the building of the Swedish dominion in the Baltic region. By focusing on these foreign expert groups, one operating in the military world and the other in the agricultural sphere, this article illustrates the functions and roles that the Swedish Crown expected foreign experts to have on the eastern frontier of early modern Sweden.
Déjà vu: economic determinants of Russia’s power in the historical perspective (1890–2020)
Authors: Orłowski Witold M.
Published: January 2022

What reasons stood behind the instability of the power position of Russia over the last 130 years? This analysis, covering three periods of time: 1890–1913, 1980–1991, and 2000–2020, reveals astonishing similarities of structural economic problems that led to severe economic and socio-political crises. Despite different causes, each time the crisis was triggered by insufficient savings compared to needs resulting from a program of economic modernisation and imperial policy, low competitiveness of industry, and dependence on export of raw materials. These vulnerabilities of Russia became especially apparent under extraordinary circumstances (wars, economic blockades, sanctions).
Games como máquinas de aprendizagem: um relato de experiência com o uso dos games Assassin´s Creed e Civilization VI na disciplina de História
Authors: Caetano Nêto Juliana , De Menezes Patrick
Published: January 2022

Além de uma experiência lúdica, o uso de jogos na educação propicia o desenvolvimento cognitivo e emocional e torna-se um forte aliado na escolha de novas metodologias para o ensino. Games comerciais, além de elementos da cultura digital, são narrativas hipermidiáticas que propiciam experiências imersivas com forte poder de engajamento. Este artigo pretende refletir sobre o potencial pedagógico do uso de games comerciais na educação básica em vista das potencialidades desses ambientes imersivos como máquinas de aprendizagem. O desenho metodológico contemplou as etapas de análise bibliográfica da teoria dos jogos e do relato de experiência do uso de dois games comerciais,  Assassin´s Creed: Origins e Civilization VI,  no sexto ano do ensino fundamental, em uma escola privada bilíngue em São Paulo. A proposta pedagógica pretendeu engajar os alunos a partir da imersão que uma narrativa gamificada propicia, evidenciando as potencialidades do uso de games na educação. Os resultados sugerem que a imersão nesses ambientes permite a experimentação significativa de um conteúdo pedagógico, a personalização, a agência e o exercício metacognitivo, desenvolvendo tanto habilidades cognitivas quanto socioemocionais.
OS JUIZADOS ESPECIAIS FEDERAIS, A LEI No 13.994/20 E O PROCESSO JUDICIAL PREVIDENCIÁRIO: AUDIÊNCIAS NÃO PRESENCIAIS (VIRTUAIS) DE CONCILIAÇÃO
Authors: Serau Junior Marco Aurélio , Bastos Alberto Luiz Hanemann
Published: January 2022

O presente artigo discute o alcance, no âmbito dos Juizados Especiais Federais, da Lei 13.994/2020, diploma legal editado no conjunto de medidas normativas que visam adequar o ordenamento jurídico à situação de isolamento social decorrente do enfrentamento da disseminação do novo coronavírus (COVID-19), para fins de permitir a realização de audiências de conciliação não presenciais (virtuais) no âmbito dos Juizados Especiais Cíveis. Levando em consideração as inúmeras demandas envolvendo a disputa de benefícios previdenciários no âmbito dos Juizados Especiais Federais, pretendeu-se avaliar em que medida as conciliações não presenciais se mostram (in)adequadas à realidade específica dos litígios previdenciários.
A CONVENÇÃO DE SIGAPURA: UMA GRANDE CONTRIBUIÇÃO PARA A MEDIAÇÃO INTERNACIONAL E O DIREITO PROCESSUAL CIVIL DOS PAÍSES SIGNATÁRIOS
Authors: Elisavetsky Alberto , Marun Maria Victoria
Published: January 2022

O presente artigo pretende abordar como a Convenção de Singapura, até agora o instrumento internacional mais importante sobre mediação, promoveu a chamada mediação internacional. Com isso, forneceu-se às partes envolvidas em um litígio uma estrutura eficiente e uniforme para acordos internacionais obtidos via mediação, estabelecendo-se, por conseguinte, um quadro jurídico harmonizado apto a oferecer segurança para o direito de invocar acordos de solução e execução. Tal cenário, sem dúvidas, contribui para o Direito Processual Civil dos Estados Signatários. O objetivo desse artigo, dentre outros, consiste em analisar diversos aspectos atinentes ao conteúdo regulatório da Convenção de Singapura
PLEA BARGAINING DEMOCRÁTICO? DA TORTURA AO DEVIDO PROCESSO INQUISITORIAL NEGOCIAL
Authors: Santander Juan Marcel Montiel , Linck Lívia Do Amaral e Silva
Published: January 2022

O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar a questão da voluntariedade à uma confissão de culpa no processo penal, ponto central na construção doutrinária atual pelo triunfo do plea bargaining pelo mundo. Desse modo, imprescindível reprisar em que ponto a voluntariedade toma lugar de destaque no procedimento penal, de modo a poder ver para além do que se possa tentar regulamentar, e se há, realmente, a possibilidade de existência de uma garantia contra condenações errôneas, ou literalmente esta construção já trabalha com a aceitação de um nível alto (bem alto) de condenações errôneas. Assim, nessa busca pela penalização obscena, utiliza-se da obra “Discurso da servidão voluntária”, no qual La Boétie com maestria expõe sobre esse antinatural desejo de servidão do homem, que parece trazer importantes reflexões desse notável avanço do plea bargaining pelo mundo, sem resistências, e segundo, para desconstruir qualquer perspectiva que o instituto ofereça qualquer sinal de desejo de confissão no processo, mas sim, unicamente a construção sistêmica em maior ou menor grau de coerção em um espaço que deveria aspirar democracia
Pre-Clinical Evidence for the Anti-Obesity Potential of Quercetin and Curcumin Loaded Chitosan/PEG Blended PLGA Nanoparticles
Authors: H. Ahmed Hanaa , E. Kotob Soheir , Abd-Rabou Ahmed A. , A. Aglan Hadeer , A. Elmegeed Gamal
Published: January 2022

This research aimed to formulate quercetin (Qu) and curcumin (CUR)-loaded PLGA NPs coated with chitosan (CS) & PEG and to explore their therapeutic effect against obesity in rats. Qu and CUR nanostructures were prepared and characterized by Zetasizer and TEM. Then, the formulated nanoparticles and their free couterparts were employed for mitigation of obesity in female rats. The size of NPs was in nanometer range with an average size distribution 307.9 nm for Qu NPs and 322.5 nm for CUR NPs. The Qu NPs and CUR NPs were appeared in the TEM image containing core in which the Qu or CUR was localized and surrounded by the coat of PLGA-CS-PEG. The Qu NPs exhibited negative zeta potential at -8.5 mV, while, CUR NPs exhibited positive zeta potential at +0.916 mV. Treatment with orlistat, free Qu, Qu NPs, free CURor CUR NPs elicited significant decline in body weight, BMI and Lee index. Orlistat and CUR NPs significantly diminished liver, heart and visceral adipose tissue weights. Furthermore, the suggested treatments significantly reduced the gonadal and subcutaneous adipose tissue weights. Orlistat significantly lessened kidney and adrenal weights. All treatments significantly minimized serum Chol., TG, LDL, glucose, INS, HOMA-IR, LH, MDA, TLR4 and NF-κB levels and elevated serum HDL, E2 and TAC levels. Orlistat significantly enhanced serum IL-10 level. Conclusively, Qu and CUR nanoformulations offer anti-obesity potency through their hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic,antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Both Qu and CUR NPs manifested superior effect than their free counterparts, may be because of solubility elevation as well as bioavailability of the nanoencapsulation.
Biogenic Synthesis of Bi-Metallic (Zn-Cu) Nanoparticles by Leaf Extract of Citrus Limon and Evaluation of its Antibiofilm Activity Against E. coli
Authors: Mazhar Tooba , Shrivastava Vikas , Singh Tomar Rajesh
Published: January 2022

The rapid hike in the usage of metallic as well as non-metallic nanoparticles demands their increased synthesis. In our study we synthesized bimetallic Zn-Cu nanoparticles using the greener route i.e. dry leaves powder of Citrus limon as it is environment-friendly, cost-effective, has a high surface area to volume ratio and hence superior over monometallic nanoparticles synthesized via physical or chemical approach. UTI is the most common nosocomial infection and the bacteria associated with it usually is E. coli. This pathogen forms biofilm and makes it difficult to treat the disease in less time. Hence, antimicrobial as well as antibiofilm activity of synthesized bimetallic nanoparticles was checked against E. coli. Our experimental procedure involved the preparation of ethanolic plant extract using dry leaf powder followed by synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles. Particles were then characterized by using biophysical techniques such as FTIR, Powder-XRD and SEM-EDX. Next, we identified bacteria isolated from environment and hospital source and prepared their pure cultures. Lastly, we carried out the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of synthesized nanoparticles against isolated E. coli. Particles showed the colour change from blue to green upon synthesis and were found to be a triclinic primitive type with an average particle size calculated to be 27.76nm as seen in PXRD. FTIR analysis gave characteristic peaks of functional groups. SEM-EDX confirmed successful doping and grain size of the particle. Bacteria isolated from samples showed pink rods in gram staining indicating gram-negative bacilli. Biochemical findings confirmed E. coli in samples. Characteristic zones of inhibition in range 12-18mm establish good antibacterial properties with MIC of synthesized nanoparticles <0.5mg/ml and crystal violet assay assure antibiofilm properties of Zn-Cu. The result of the study can be advantageous to develop an understanding of the development of nano-based medicine for biofilm-producing pathogens.
Assessment of Psychological Stress Associated with COVID-19 Lockdown in the Urban Adult Population of India
Authors: Kumaravel Kayalvizhi , Ratavaru Sathyam Praveen Kumar , Manickaraj Rejili Grace Joy , Sivagananam Poonguzhali , Ravikumar Divya , Deiva Suga Sumetha Suga , Kunasekaran Vahitha Mala , Krishnan Mythili , Chellapandian Poongodi , Jeyasheelan Vasantha Priya , Bopaiah Savithri Kanganda , James Kavin Mozhi , Balu Pandian , Chelladurai Udaya Kumari Meesala , Sundharesan Narmatha , Balasubramanyam Pramanya , Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya , Kullappan Malathi , M Ambrose Jenifer , Krishna Mohan Surapaneni
Published: January 2022

Background: COVID-19, the unprecedented deadly pandemic has turned the world topsy-turvy. It has affected all the people like poor and rich, young and old, educated and uneducated, male and female with detrimental consequences. People who are in quarantine and/or lockdown are likely to develop a wide range of symptoms like psychological stress, irritability, anxiety, depression etc. Hence, this study was undertaken to assess the psychological effects of COVID-19 lockdown among adult population residing in Chennai, India. This study is a cross sectional descriptive study carried out in Chennai, India. A structured questionnaire was developed containing 25 questions related to the emotional disturbance, depression, self-concept, physical problems, cognitive changes and role performance and 7 questions related to the demographics. An online survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire using a non-probability snowball sampling technique. A total of 579 responses were received. The findings of the present study revealed that, among 579 respondents, more than half of the respondents 320(56.3%)were under severe psychological stress, 192(33.2%) respondents that is one third of the people had moderate psychological stress and remaining were having mild psychological stress. The study also revealed that there was a statistically significant association of psychological problems associated with demographic variables. Our Study revealed that people living in Chennai had severe psychological problem due to theCOVID-19 lockdown. This highlights the importance and immediate need for the development special intervention programmes for the people with psychological problems due to the COVID-19 lockdown.
Analysis the Safety and Efficacy at Different Types of Anesthesiological Support During Aesthetic Interventions on the Breast Glands in Ukraine
Authors: Kuchyn Iurii , Sazhyn Dmytro , Patlazhan Gennadiy
Published: January 2022

The aim is to learn the features of aesthetic and reduction surgical interventions on the mammary glands in Ukraine. Materials and methods. The study was conducted by analyzing the inpatient ambulatory cards of 320 patients. Anesthesia was provided by propofol (n=130), sevoflurane (n=140) and combined use of sevoflurane and nalbuphine (n=50). The results of the study. It was found that usage of combined inhalation analgesia of sevoflurane with opioids was characterized by 41.9% less recovery time. It was found that 8 hours after surgery, the individual assessment of pain was lower in the group of combined analgesia with opioids relative to intravenous anesthesia with propofol (87.5%, p<0.05) and inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane (71, 3%, p<0.05). After 24 hours all patients reported about pain below 1.0 point, however, in groups where sevoflurane and nalbuphine were used, the level of pain self-esteem was 2.61 and 3 times lower than after intravenous propofol. It was found that within 1 hour after surgery, the average cognitive score on the Montreal scale decreased in the group of intravenous propofol by 5.0% (p<0.05) and by 1.7% under inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane. Under combined anesthesia the cognitive score remained at 12.0 points. The frequency of postoperative nausea was the highest level in the group of inhalation anesthesia - 16.7%. The addition of nalbuphine to sevoflurane significantly reduced the risk of postoperative nausea (χ2=7.250; p=0.007). Conclusions. Combined anesthesia with opioids is a highly effective anesthetic choice for aesthetic and reconstructive interventions on the mammary glands.
Awareness Regarding Universal Safety Precaution Among Nurses and Compulsory Rotatory Residential Internship in a Teaching Hospital
Authors: D. Sheela D. Sheela , R. Rohan R. Rohan , R. Samyuktha R. Samyuktha
Published: January 2022

Purpose: The lack of awareness regarding the policies and procedures about universal precautions among medical students has resulted in higher accidental exposure to Blood Borne Pathogens and body fluids. So, the current situation needs such type of study which can help in improving awareness about universal precautions among Nurses and Compulsory Rotatory Residential Internships (CRRI), those who constitute a major role in controlling deadly infections. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among nurses of all departments and Compulsory Rotatory Residential Internships (CRRI) between June & July 2020 in a teaching medical hospital near Kancheepuram. A total of 400 nurses who were deputed in various departments and 50 Compulsory Rotatory Residential Internships (CRRIs) were requested to take part in the study. The emails were gathered and formal informed consent was sent along with the standard questionnaire. The questions were prepared in a simple language from a valid & reliable measure. Statistical methods: The data are entered and analysed by MS Excel. A chi square test is carried to test the association between the proportion. Results: The level of knowledge among nurses and CRRIs were similar without a significant difference between them. The awareness regarding universal precaution in nurses with different working experience were also similar without any significant differences. About 95% of CRRIs were aware about the universal precautions. The awareness about universal precaution and practice was not statistically significant when compared between the nurses and CRRIs. Conclusion: The current study findings assure that the nurses and Compulsory Rotatory Residential Internship (CRRIs) were aware and are knowledgeable about the standard precautions and their importance in reducing infections. The present result shows the infectious committee has a great role in educating the health care workers and provide a better environment for serving the patients.
Effect of Different Instrumentation and Irrigation Methods on Apical Microbial Extrusion: An Ex Vivo Study
Authors: Metkari Sachin , Rao Dinesh , Banga Kulvindersingh
Published: January 2022

Background: Periapical extrusion of debris, irrigating solution and microorganism are the major contributing factors for flare-ups during root canal therapy. The aim of this ex vivo study was to evaluate the effect of different types of instrumentation in combination with different irrigation methods on apical bacterial expulsion. Material and Methods: Three hundred and ten extracted human permanent teeth were infected with Enterococcus faecalis. After incubation at 37°C for 24 h, three hundred teeth were instrumented with three different instrumentations using two irrigation methods. The remaining ten teeth were used as negative and positive control groups, in which no inoculation was done and no instrumentation was carried out respectively. Three hundred teeth were equally divided in three groups (n = 100), in which instrumentation was performed using a protaper universal rotary file (group 1), WaveOne reciprocating file (group 2) and a flexiCON rotary file (group 3). In each group, 50 samples were irrigated with conventional needle irrigation, and 50 samples were irrigated with the endoVac irrigation method. During instrumentation, apically extruded bacteria were collected in an Eppendorf tube. Microbiological samples were taken from the Eppendorf tube and incubated for 24h, and colony-forming units were counted. The data collected were statistically analysed. Results: The group 2 showed highest bacterial extrusion using conventional irrigation while group 3 showed lowest using endovac irrigation system. Conclusion: FlexiCON rotary instrumentation with the endoVac irrigation system produced significantly less bacterial extrusion than the other techniques.
Cyberchondria and its Impact on Self-Medication and Self Care in CovId-19 Pandemic – A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: T. J Ainsy Goldlin , M Prakash
Published: January 2022

Background: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought several impacts on the health of people. The infodemic which accompanied the pandemic can lead to cyberchondria, fear and anxiety accompanying excessive online search of COVID-19 related information. Most of the people try to avoid getting infected with this virus by taking adequate protective measures. Hence the aim of this study was to analyze the impact of COVID-19 related cyberchondria on self-medication and self care. Materials and Methods: An online cross-sectional semi-structured questionnaire based study was done and a total of 323 responses were obtained. Participants were segregated into two clusters based on the cyberchondria severity score which included four constructs using k-means cluster analysis considering the score obtained in each construct. The impact of cyberchondria on self care and self care among medical practitioners between the clusters was analyzed using independent t-test. Qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: This study found that 35% of the participants were categorized in the cluster with high cyberchondria score. A marked proportion of the participants who have taken self-medication for COVID-19 prophylaxis belonged to this cluster. A statistically significant difference was observed in the mean of the scores used to assess self care between the clusters (p = 0.003) whereas no significant difference was observed among registered medical practitioners (p=0.222). Conclusion: Anxiety related with excessive online COVID-19 information seeking behaviour had effects in terms of enhanced self care and self-medication in the respondents. Hence it is important to use internet wisely for self well being.
Matlab Based Potent Algorithm for WBc cancer Detection and classification
Authors: AN. Nithyaa1 AN. Nithyaa , Kumar R Prem , Gokul .M Gokul .M , Aananthi C. Geetha
Published: January 2022

This paper aims to automate the detection of cancer using digital image processing techniques in MATLAB software. The analysis of white blood cells (WBC) is a powerful diagnostic tool for the prediction of Leukemia. The automatic detection of leukemia is a challenging task, which remains an unresolved problem in the medical imaging field. This Automation in Biological laboratories can be done by extracting the features of the blood film images taken from the digital microscopes and processed using MATLAB software. The aim of this approach is to discover the WBC cancer cells in an earlier stage and to reduce the discrepancies in diagnosis, by improving the system learning methodology. This paper presents the potent algorithm, which will eliminate the dubiety, in diagnosing the cancers with similar symptoms. This Algorithm concentrates on major WBC cancers, such as Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. As they are life threatening diseases, rapid and precise differentiation is necessary in clinical settings. These cancers are categorized by segmentation and feature extraction, which will be further, classified using Random forest classification (RFC). RFC will classify the cancer using a decision tree learning method, which uses predictors at each node to make better decision.
IL-6, a Therapeutic Target and Omega-3 PUFA, a Host Modulator in Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Rajathilagam T Rajathilagam T , Thuthi Mohan Thuthi Mohan , B Patil Aruna , Mohanavalli S Mohanavalli S , Seethalakshmi S Seethalakshmi S
Published: January 2022

Periodontitis is a common multifactorial inflammatory disease with gradual loss of supportive tissues around the teeth which eventually leads to decrease in the quality of life. Blocking Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a multifunctional cytokine with pro-inflammatory properties has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in inflammatory diseases like Rheumatoid arthritis, SLE and multiple sclerosis. Host immune response, the underlying cause for this progressive disease is targeted by Host modulatory therapy (HMT), an emerging treatment modality. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ώ 3 PUFAs), one of the relatively safe HMTs, reduces tissue destruction, stabilizes or even regenerates the periodontium through its anti-inflammatory & immunoregulatory properties. ώ 3 PUFAs are essential for the synthesis of eicosanoids which are involved in anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet aggregatory, vasodilation, vasoconstriction, immune response, cell growth and proliferation. The key factor examined and extrapolated in this study is the anti-inflammatory property of ώ 3 PUFA. The aim of the study was to evaluate the immunological and clinical response to ώ 3 PUFA supplementation therapy in chronic periodontitis by measuring the inflammatory cytokine, IL-6 levels in serum. In this open label exploratory study, 40 patients with a Female: Male ratio of 4:1were enrolled and assessed clinically by measuring Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S), Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) and their serum for IL-6 levels. Subsequently 300 mg (concentration of EPA 180/DHA120) of ώ 3 PUFA was prescribed twice daily for 3 months and periodically reviewed to assess their IL-6 levels and periodontal status. IL-6 levels which were at a maximum mean of 10.2 pg/ml prior to treatment, showed a gradual and notable reduction to 2.3 pg/ml at the end of the study following ώ 3 PUFA supplementation therapy. The coefficient of variation R2 and ANOVA showed statistically significant periodic variation in biomarker IL-6 and in all clinical measurements at all time intervals. ώ 3 PUFA adjunctive therapy significantly reduces the inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) levels and causes noteworthy improvement of the most relevant clinical parameters (OHI-S, PPD, CAL). Hence ώ 3 PUFA can be recommended as a dietary supplementation and a safe host modulatory treatment in chronic periodontitis.
Storage-assisted optical upstream transport scheme for task offloading in multi-access edge computing
Authors: Lin Xiao , Li Yaping , Shao Junyi , Li Yajie
Published: January 2022

Multi-access edge computing (MEC) applications are often implemented in the form of task offloading, which results in an unprecedented demand for data transfers among MEC servers. However, the combination of expensive and limited bandwidth, growing peak demand, and heterogeneous requirements of mixed traffic has posed a great challenge in terms of task offloading. In this study, we present a storage-assisted optical upstream transport scheme (SOUT) to overcome this challenge. Latency-critical (LC) tasks are given preemptive priority over delay-tolerant (DT) tasks. To reduce peak demand, the storage of an MEC server is introduced to temporarily store DT tasks. Resource partitioning is performed with an adjustable boundary based on traffic fluctuation. Analytic models are presented to investigate the interplay between SOUT and the performance of tasks. Our key findings reveal that there exist two trade-offs to be considered in SOUT. To balance the trade-offs, we formulate the spectrum partitioning and storage assignment problem as an optimization model and solve it using a heuristic approach. Studies show that SOUT provides lower blocking probability for both LC and DT tasks at the cost of slight preemption and limited storage usage when compared with two state-of-the-art optical transport schemes. We further show that 60% of network expenditures can be saved by trading cost-efficient storage for expensive link spectrum resources under a certain network scenario. Overall, this study aims to provide useful insights into task offloading over elastic optical links.
Analysis of Goos–Hänchen shift from an orthorhombic anisotropic slab with/without topologically insulating surface states
Authors: Iqbal Waseer Waleed , Abbas Naqvi Qaisar , Mughal M. Juniad
Published: January 2022

A Goos–Hänchen shift (GHS) due to an orthorhombic biaxial slab with/without topological conducting states placed in isotropic media was investigated. The effect of varying host media, changing topological conducting states, and left/right asymmetries on the co/cross-polarized reflection coefficients and the corresponding GHS was investigated. Numerical calculations revealed that large negative/positive GHS occurs near the reflectance dips (local reflectance minimum) due to sudden changes in the amplitude of the reflection coefficient. Position and amplitude of the GHS near these reflectance dips are affected by anisotropy and surface admittance. Furthermore, numerical calculations also revealed that the GHS is left/right symmetric for an orthorhombic biaxial slab with/without topological conducting states. However, if the optic axes of a slab with/without a topological conducting state are rotated along any direction, the resulting GHS becomes left/right asymmetric.
Self-reference frequency response characterization of photodiode chips based on photonic sampling and microwave de-embedding
Authors: He Yutong , Jing Chao , Xu Ying , Wang Mengke , Zhang Zhiyao , Zhang Yali , Zhang Shangjian , Li Heping , Liu Yong
Published: January 2022

In this work, we propose and demonstrate a self-reference on-chip testing method to obtain the frequency response characteristics of photodiode chips based on photonic sampling and microwave de-embedding. The half-frequency photonic sampling enables self-reference extraction of the combined response of the photodiode chip, the adapter network and the receiver network. The microwave de-embedding under short-open-load-device (SOLD) termination is used to realize on-chip de-embedding of the adapter network and the receiver network in terms of the transmission loss and the impedance mismatch. The proposed on-chip testing method is free of any extra electro-optical transducer standard, which is favorable for performance monitoring in chip evaluation.
Unidirectional coupling and efficient detection of near-infrared surface plasmon polaritons for on-chip optoelectronic interconnection
Authors: Zhang Canran , Ma Xiangyu , Zhai Yusheng , Wu Zhipeng , Xu Yijing , Wang Qilong
Published: January 2022

Plasmonic interconnection is one kind of the possible methods to construct next-generation optoelectronic integrated circuits. In this paper, the plasmonic interconnection device based on Ge in infrared band is constructed, through efficient electron-hole pair generation, the device can achieve high photocurrent response (0.25A/W). Because of the low plasmon coupling efficiency of the conventional basic periodic gratings, this paper optimized the design of the coupling structure and improved the coupling efficiency by 4 times through constructing a binary Bragg/periodic grating coupler which can realize unidirectional plasmon coupling with a simulated extinction ratio of 12.5 dB. The devices can be easily fabricated by single-step electron beam lithography and lift-off process. The experimental results verified a 3.5 times improvement in the SPPs current of the designed plasmonic interconnection device, which provides a technical path to realize efficient plasmon transmission and detection for on-chip optoelectronic interconnection.
Active terahertz beam deflection and nonreciprocal spin chirality selection based on magneto-optical P-B metasurface with stacked-graphene layers
Authors: Zhao Dan , Tan Zhiyu , Zhao Huijun , Fan Fei , Chang Shengjiang
Published: January 2022

Multifunctional, high-efficiency, and active manipulation devices are significant for terahertz (THz) technology and application. In this Letter, a stacked-graphene meta-atom (SGM) structure is investigated, which is composed of periodically patterned graphene in the 2D plane and stacked graphene–dielectric layers perpendicularly to the plane. This structure not only has strong THz artificial anisotropy but also enhances the cyclotron resonance response of graphene to a THz wave under an external magnetic field (EMF). Based on these two characteristics, the SGM can realize dynamic conversion between two functions for the manipulation of THz spin chiral states under different EMFs: from the reciprocal spin-flip without EMF to nonreciprocal spin-selection with EMF. Furthermore, a Pancharatnam–Berry (P-B) metasurface composed of the SGMs with different discrete orientation angles has been designed, which achieves active conversion between THz spin chiral beam deflection and the nonreciprocal one-way transmission for two conjugated spin beams, dynamically manipulated by both the biased voltage and EMF. The spin-select isolation is 42.3 dB with a transmission efficiency of over 70% at 1.38 THz. This manipulation mechanism of the spin beam and related devices has great potential in future THz communication, dynamical imaging, and radar scanning systems.
Hybrid design approach of optical phased array with wide beam steering range and low side-lobe level
Authors: Dong Tao , He Jingwen , He Xinyu , Xu Yue , Zhou Jianming
Published: January 2022

In this paper, an optical phased array (OPA) with wide beam steering angle and low side-lobe level is designed based on the hybrid approach of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and convex optimization (CVX). The optimization process is divided into two steps. First, the antenna spacing distribution of the OPA is designed to obtain a wide beam steering range by using a PSO algorithm. Second, based on the antenna spacing distribution obtained in the previous step, the CVX algorithm is used to obtain the excitation amplitude and phase distribution of the OPA under different beam steering angles. By using this approach, we design an OPA with 1024 antennas. The beam steering range of the OPA is ±60° and the side-lobe level is reduced to −24.65 dB.
Magnetic nanocomposite films with photo-patterned 1D grating on top enable giant magneto-optical intensity effects
Authors: Bsawmaii Laure , Gamet Emilie , Neveu Sophie , Jamon Damien , Royer François
Published: January 2022

The enhancement of magneto-optical (MO) effects in planar devices is commonly obtained through the combination of a plasmonic resonance and a MO material, or through the microstructuration of such materials. However, the devices often suffer from weak optical signal, or require fastidious lithography processes. We present a much simpler device made of a photoresist 1D grating processed on a MO composite planar waveguide. This latter is formed by magnetic nanoparticles embedded in a silica matrix. Such all-dielectric device produces much higher Q-factor resonances, which finally result in giant MO intensity effects. Their magnitude combined with the ability of the device to be processed on large scale and various substrates, are very promising for a wide range of sensing applications.
The Candida albicans Cdk8-dependent phosphoproteome reveals repression of hyphal growth through a Flo8-dependent pathway
Authors: Hollomon Jeffrey M. , Liu Zhongle , Rusin Scott F. , Jenkins Nicole P. , Smith Allia K. , Koeppen Katja , Kettenbach Arminja N. , Myers Lawrence C. , Hogan Deborah A.
Published: January 2022

Ssn3, also known as Cdk8, is a member of the four protein Cdk8 submodule within the multi-subunit Mediator complex involved in the co-regulation of transcription. In Candida albicans, the loss of Ssn3 kinase activity affects multiple phenotypes including cellular morphology, metabolism, nutrient acquisition, immune cell interactions, and drug resistance. In these studies, we generated a strain in which Ssn3 was replaced with a functional variant of Ssn3 that can be rapidly and selectively inhibited by the ATP analog 3-MB-PP1. Consistent with ssn3 null mutant and kinase dead phenotypes, inhibition of Ssn3 kinase activity promoted hypha formation. Furthermore, the increased expression of hypha-specific genes was the strongest transcriptional signal upon inhibition of Ssn3 in transcriptomics analyses. Rapid inactivation of Ssn3 was used for phosphoproteomic studies performed to identify Ssn3 kinase substrates associated with filamentation potential. Both previously validated and novel Ssn3 targets were identified. Protein phosphorylation sites that were reduced specifically upon Ssn3 inhibition included two sites in Flo8 which is a transcription factor known to positively regulate C. albicans morphology. Mutation of the two Flo8 phosphosites (threonine 589 and serine 620) was sufficient to increase Flo8-HA levels and Flo8 dependent transcriptional and morphological changes, suggesting that Ssn3 kinase activity negatively regulates Flo8.Under embedded conditions, when ssn3Δ/Δ and efg1Δ/Δ mutants were hyperfilamentous, FLO8 was essential for hypha formation. Previous work has also shown that loss of Ssn3 activity leads to increased alkalinization of medium with amino acids. Here, we show that the ssn3Δ/Δ medium alkalinization phenotype, which is dependent on STP2, a transcription factor involved in amino acid utilization, also requires FLO8 and EFG1. Together, these data show that Ssn3 activity can modulate Flo8 and its direct and indirect interactions in different ways, and underscores the potential importance of considering Ssn3 function in the control of transcription factor activities.
The probabilities of type I and II error of null of cointegration tests: A Monte Carlo comparison
Authors: Aysan Ahmet Faruk , Guney Ibrahim , Isac Nicoleta , Khan Asad ul Islam
Published: January 2022

This paper evaluates the performance of eight tests with null hypothesis of cointegration on basis of probabilities of type I and II errors using Monte Carlo simulations. This study uses a variety of 132 different data generations covering three cases of deterministic part and four sample sizes. The three cases of deterministic part considered are: absence of both intercept and linear time trend, presence of only the intercept and presence of both the intercept and linear time trend. It is found that all of tests have either larger or smaller probabilities of type I error and concluded that tests face either problems of over rejection or under rejection, when asymptotic critical values are used. It is also concluded that use of simulated critical values leads to controlled probability of type I error. So, the use of asymptotic critical values may be avoided, and the use of simulated critical values is highly recommended. It is found and concluded that the simple LM test based on KPSS statistic performs better than rest for all specifications of deterministic part and sample sizes.
Survival in bladder and upper urinary tract cancers in Finland and Sweden through 50 years
Authors: Hemminki Kari , Försti Asta , Hemminki Akseli , Ljungberg Börje , Hemminki Otto
Published: January 2022

Survival has improved in bladder cancer but few studies have considered extended periods or covered populations for which medical care is essentially free of charge. We analyzed survival in urothelial cancer (UC, of which vast majority are bladder cancers) in Finland and Sweden over a 50-year period (1967–2016) using data from the NORDCAN database. Finland and Sweden are neighboring countries with largely similar health care systems but higher economic resources and health care expenditure in Sweden. We present results on 1- and 5-year relative survival rates, and additionally provide a novel measure, the difference between 1- and 5-year relative survival, indicating how well survival was maintained between these two periods. Over the 50-year period the median diagnostic age has increased by several years and the incidence in the very old patients has increased vastly. Relative 1- year survival rates increased until early 1990s in both countries, and with minor gains later reaching about 90% in men and 85% in women. Although 5-year survival also developed favorably until early 1990s, subsequent gains were small. Over time, age specific differences in male 1-year survival narrowed but remained wide in 5-year survival. For women, age differences were larger than for men. The limitations of the study were lack of information on treatment and stage. In conclusion, challenges are to improve 5-year survival, to reduce the gender gap and to target specific care to the most common patient group, those of 70 years at diagnosis. The most effective methods to achieve survival gains are to target control of tobacco use, emphasis on early diagnosis with prompt action at hematuria, upfront curative treatment and awareness of high relapse requiring regular cystoscopy follow up.
Genetic identification of bat species for pathogen surveillance across France
Authors: Arnaout Youssef , Djelouadji Zouheira , Robardet Emmanuelle , Cappelle Julien , Cliquet Florence , Touzalin Frédéric , Jimenez Giacomo , Hurstel Suzel , Borel Christophe , Picard-Meyer Evelyne
Published: January 2022

With more than 1400 chiropteran species identified to date, bats comprise one-fifth of all mammalian species worldwide. Many studies have associated viral zoonoses with 45 different species of bats in the EU, which cluster within 5 families of bats. For example, the Serotine bats are infected by European Bat 1 Lyssavirus throughout Europe while Myotis bats are shown infected by coronavirus, herpesvirus and paramyxovirus. Correct host species identification is important to increase our knowledge of the ecology and evolutionary pattern of bat viruses in the EU. Bat species identification is commonly determined using morphological keys. Morphological determination of bat species from bat carcasses can be limited in some cases, due to the state of decomposition or nearly indistinguishable morphological features in juvenile bats and can lead to misidentifications. The overall objective of our study was to identify insectivorous bat species using molecular biology tools with the amplification of the partial cytochrome b gene of mitochondrial DNA. Two types of samples were tested in this study, bat wing punches and bat faeces. A total of 163 bat wing punches representing 22 species, and 31 faecal pellets representing 7 species were included in the study. From the 163 bat wing punches tested, a total of 159 were genetically identified from amplification of the partial cyt b gene. All 31 faecal pellets were genetically identified based on the cyt b gene. A comparison between morphological and genetic determination showed 21 misidentifications from the 163 wing punches, representing ~12.5% of misidentifications of morphological determination compared with the genetic method, across 11 species. In addition, genetic determination allowed the identification of 24 out of 25 morphologically non-determined bat samples. Our findings demonstrate the importance of a genetic approach as an efficient and reliable method to identify bat species precisely.