bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of self-representation in emotional contagion
Authors: Wang Dan , Liu Changhong , Chen Wenfeng
Published: May 2024

Although prior research has implied that emotional contagion occurs automatically and unconsciously, convincing evidence suggests that it is significantly influenced by individuals’ perceptions of their relationships with others or with collectives within specific social contexts. This implies a role for self-representation in the process. The present study aimed to offer a novel explanation of the interplay between social contexts and emotional contagion, focusing on the contextualized nature of self-representation and exploring the social factors that shape emotional contagion. It further posits a causal loop among social contexts, self-representation, and emotional contagion. Drawing from the lens of self-representation, this study concludes with a discussion on potential research directions in this field, commencing with an exploration of the antecedents and consequences of emotional contagion and self-representation.
A novel acupuncture technique at the Zusanli point based on virtual reality and EEG: a pilot study
Authors: Zhang Yongheng , Hua Weicheng , Zhou Ziqiu , Zhu Haibin , Xiong Jiawei , Zhang Jianbin , Chen Duo , Guo Jiayang
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Acupuncture is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) method that achieves therapeutic effects through the interaction of neurotransmitters and neural regulation. It is generally carried out manually, making the related process expert-biased. Meanwhile, the neural stimulation effect of acupuncture is difficult to track objectively. In recent years, virtual reality (VR) in medicine has been on the fast lane to widespread use, especially in therapeutic stimulation. However, the use of related technologies in acupuncture has not been reported.

Methods

In this work, a novel acupuncture stimulation technique using VR is proposed. To track the stimulation effect, the electroencephalogram (EEG) is used as the marker to validate brain activities under acupuncture.

Results and discussion

After statistically analyzing the data of 24 subjects during acupuncture at the “Zusanli (ST36)” acupoint, it has been determined that Virtual Acupuncture (VA) has at least a 63.54% probability of inducing similar EEG activities as in Manual Acupuncture (MA). This work may provide a new solution for researchers and clinical practitioners using Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) in acupuncture.
Cannabidiol is a behavioral modulator in BTBR mouse model of idiopathic autism
Authors: Shrader Sarah H. , Mellen Nicholas , Cai Jun , Barnes Gregory N. , Song Zhao-Hui
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has drastically risen over the last two decades and is currently estimated to affect 1 in 36 children in the U.S., according to the center for disease control (CDC). This heterogenous neurodevelopmental disorder is characterized by impaired social interactions, communication deficits, and repetitive behaviors plus restricted interest. Autistic individuals also commonly present with a myriad of comorbidities, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, and seizures. To date, a pharmacological intervention for the treatment of core autistic symptoms has not been identified. Cannabidiol (CBD), the major nonpsychoactive constituent of Cannabis sativa, is suggested to have multiple therapeutic applications, but its effect(s) on idiopathic autism is unknown. We hypothesized that CBD will effectively attenuate the autism-like behaviors and autism-associated comorbid behaviors in BTBR T+Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mice, an established mouse model of idiopathic ASD.

Methods

Male BTBR mice were injected intraperitoneally with either vehicle, 20 mg/kg CBD or 50 mg/kg CBD daily for two weeks beginning at postnatal day 21 ± 3. On the final treatment day, a battery of behavioral assays were used to evaluate the effects of CBD on the BTBR mice, as compared to age-matched, vehicle-treated C57BL/6 J mice.

Results

High dose (50 mg/kg) CBD treatment attenuated the elevated repetitive self-grooming behavior and hyperlocomotion in BTBR mice. The social deficits exhibited by the control BTBR mice were rescued by the 20 mg/kg CBD treatment.

Discussion

Our data indicate that different doses for CBD are needed for treating specific ASD-like behaviors. Together, our results suggest that CBD may be an effective drug to ameliorate repetitive/restricted behaviors, social deficits, and autism-associated hyperactivity.
Dropout in cognitive behavioral treatment in adults living with overweight and obesity: a systematic review
Authors: Neri Lenycia de Cassya Lopes , Mariotti Francesca , Guglielmetti Monica , Fiorini Simona , Tagliabue Anna , Ferraris Cinzia
Published: May 2024

Obesity is a chronic, complex, and multifactorial disease resulting from the interaction of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. It is characterized by excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissue, which damages health and deteriorates the quality of life. Although dietary treatment can significantly improve health, high attrition is a common problem in weight loss interventions with serious consequences for weight loss management and frustration. The strategy used to improve compliance has been combining dietary prescriptions and recommendations for physical activity with cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) for weight management. This systematic review determined the dropout rate and predictive factors associated with dropout from CBT for adults with overweight and obesity. The data from the 37 articles selected shows an overall dropout rate between 5 and 62%. The predictive factors associated with attrition can be distinguished by demographics (younger age, educational status, unemployed status, and ethnicity) and psychological variables (greater expected 1-year Body Mass Index loss, previous weight loss attempts, perceiving more stress with dieting, weight and shape concerns, body image dissatisfaction, higher stress, anxiety, and depression). Common reasons for dropping out were objective (i.e., long-term sickness, acute illness, and pregnancy), logistical, poor job conditions or job difficulties, low level of organization, dissatisfaction with the initial results, lack of motivation, and lack of adherence. According to the Mixed Methods Appraisal quality analysis, 13.5% of articles were classified as five stars, and none received the lowest quality grade (1 star). The majority of articles were classified as 4 stars (46%). At least 50% of the selected articles exhibited a high risk of bias. The domain characterized by a higher level of bias was that of randomization, with more than 60% of the articles having a high risk of bias. The high risk of bias in these articles can probably depend on the type of study design, which, in most cases, was observational and non-randomized. These findings demonstrate that CBT could be a promising approach for obesity treatment, achieving, in most cases, lower dropout rates than other non-behavioral interventions. However, more studies should be conducted to compare obesity treatment strategies, as there is heterogeneity in the dropout assessment and the population studied. Ultimately, gaining a deeper understanding of the comparative effectiveness of these treatment strategies is of great value to patients, clinicians, and healthcare policymakers.

Systematic review registration: PROSPERO 2022 CRD42022369995 Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022369995.
The relationship between dietary intake of ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids and frailty risk in middle-aged and elderly individuals: a cross-sectional study from NHANES
Authors: Yan Zhaoqi , Xu Yifeng , Li Keke , Zhang Wenqiang , Liu Liangji
Published: May 2024

Background

Frailty is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by a decline in the functioning of multiple body systems and reduced adaptability to external stressors. Dietary ω-3 fatty acids are considered beneficial dietary nutrients for preventing frailty due to their anti-inflammatory and immune-regulating properties. However, previous research has yielded conflicting results, and the association between ω-6 fatty acids, the ω-6: ω-3 ratio, and frailty remains unclear. This study aims to explore the relationship between these factors using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database.

Materials and methods

Specialized weighted complex survey design analysis software was employed to analyze data from the 2005–2014 NHANES, which included 12,315 participants. Multivariate logistic regression models and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were utilized to assess the relationship between omega intake and frailty risk in all participants. Additionally, a nomogram model for predicting frailty risk was developed based on risk factors. The reliability of the clinical model was determined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results

In dietary ω-3 intake, compared to the T1 group (≤1.175 g/d), the T3 group’s intake level (>2.050 g/d) was associated with approximately 17% reduction in frailty risk in model 3, after rigorous covariate adjustments (odds ratio (OR) = 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI): (0.70, 0.99)). In dietary ω-6 intake, the T2 group’s intake level (>11.423, ≤19.160 g/d) was associated with a 14% reduction in frailty risk compared to the T1 group (≤11.423 g/d) (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.75, 1.00, p = 0.044). RCS results indicated a non-linear association between ω-3 and ω-6 intake and frailty risk. Both ROC and DCA curves demonstrated the stability of the constructed model and the effectiveness of an omega-rich diet in reducing frailty risk. However, we did not find a significant association between the ω-6: ω-3 ratio and frailty.

Conclusion

This study provides support for the notion that a high intake of ω-3 and a moderate intake of ω-6 may contribute to reducing frailty risk in middle-aged and elderly individuals.
Research advances in Zein-based nano-delivery systems
Authors: Liu Xiaoxuan , Zhang Minhong , Zhou Xuelian , Wan Mengjiao , Cui Aiping , Xiao Bang , Yang Jianqiong , Liu Hai
Published: May 2024

Zein is the main vegetable protein from maize. In recent years, Zein has been widely used in pharmaceutical, agriculture, food, environmental protection, and other fields because it has excellent biocompatibility and biosafety. However, there is still a lack of systematic review and research on Zein-based nano-delivery systems. This paper systematically reviews preparation and modification methods of Zein-based nano-delivery systems, based on the basic properties of Zein. It discusses the preparation of Zein nanoparticles and the influencing factors in detail, as well as analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of different preparation methods and summarizing modification methods of Zein nanoparticles. This study provides a new idea for the research of Zein-based nano-delivery system and promotes its application.
Compartmental analysis: a new approach to estimate protein breakdown and meal response in health and critical illness
Authors: Deutz Nicolaas E. P. , Engelen Mariëlle P. K. J.
Published: May 2024

Purpose of review

This study aimed to discuss the use of the pulse stable isotope tracer approach to study changes in metabolism in healthy individuals and critically ill patients.

Recent findings and conclusion

We found that in the postabsorptive state and healthy condition, intracellular protein breakdown and net intracellular protein breakdown, when calculated using the pulse tracer approach, are about double what has previously been reported using the more traditional primed-constant and continuous stable isotope approaches (600 versus 300 grams of protein/day). In critically ill patients, protein breakdown is even higher and calculated to be approximately 900 grams of protein/day, using the pulse tracer approach. Based on these data, we hypothesize that reducing protein breakdown in the postabsorptive state is key when trying to improve the condition of critically ill patients. Moreover, we also used the pulse tracer approach during feeding to better estimate the intracellular metabolic response to feeding. Our first observation is that endogenous protein breakdown does not seem to be reduced during feeding. We also have shown that when consuming a meal with a certain amount of protein, the biological value of that protein meal can be calculated with the pulse tracer approach. In conclusion, using the pulse stable isotope tracer approach to study protein kinetics in the postabsorptive state and during feeding expands our understanding of how dietary proteins can affect human protein metabolism. The intracellular protein synthesis stimulatory effect of a meal is an important factor to consider when calculating the exact protein requirements and needs, particularly in critical illness.
Production and quality evaluation of a novel γ-aminobutyric acid-enriched yogurt
Authors: Zhu Fei , Hu Sheng , Mei Lehe
Published: May 2024

Objective

γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a neurotransmitter inhibitor that has beneficial effects on various health conditions such as hypertension, cognitive dysfunction, and anxiety. In this study, we investigated a novel yogurt naturally enriched with GABA using a Levilactobacillus brevis strain isolated in our laboratory; the specific optimum yogurt production conditions for this strain were determined.

Methods

We isolated an L. brevis strain and used it to produce yogurt naturally enriched with GABA. We explored the optimal conditions to enhance GABA yield, including fermentation temperature, inoculation amount, L-monosodium glutamate (L-MSG) concentration, fermentation time, and sucrose content. We also performed mixed fermentation with Streptococcus thermophilus and evaluated the quality of the yogurt.

Results

Following optimization (43°C, 8% inoculation amount, 1.5 g/L L-MSG, and 8% sucrose for 40 h of fermentation), the GABA yield of the yogurt increased by 2.2 times, reaching 75.3 mg/100 g. Mixed fermentation with S. thermophilus demonstrated favorable results, achieving a GABA yield akin to that found in some commercially available functional foods. Moreover, the viable microbe count in the GABA-enriched yogurt exceeded 1 × 108 cfu/mL, which is higher than that of commercial standards. The yogurt also exhibited a suitable water-holding capacity, viscosity, 3-week storage time, and favorable sensory test results.

Conclusion

This study highlights the potential of naturally enriched GABA yogurt as a competitive commercial yogurt with beneficial health effects.
Interstitial cystitis—an imbalance of risk and protective factors?
Authors: Westropp Jodi L. , Stella Judith L. , Buffington C. A. Tony
Published: May 2024

Interstitial cystitis (IC) presents as a chronic pain condition with variable combinations of symptoms depending on the species and individual patient. It is diagnosed by the presence of lower urinary tract signs and symptoms in combination with a variety of comorbid health problems, a history of life adversities, and the absence of other conditions that could cause the lower urinary tract signs. IC occurs naturally in humans and cats as a dimensional condition, with patients presenting with mild, moderate, and severe symptoms. Most patients appear to recover without specific treatment. A number of rodent models of IC have been used to study its causes and treatments. Unfortunately, current therapies generally fail to ameliorate IC symptoms long-term. The recent classification of IC as a chronic primary pain disorder calls for a rethinking of current clinical and research approaches to it. Beginning when a patient encounters a clinician, precipitating, perpetuating, and palliating risk factors can be addressed until a cause or reliably effective therapy is identified, and identifying predisposing and preventive factors can inform epidemiological studies and health promotion interventions. Predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating risk factors, including environmental, psychological, and biological, increase the activity of the central threat response system (CTRS), which plays a clinically important role in IC symptoms. Studies in cats and rodent models have revealed that environmental enrichment (EE), in the absence of bladder-directed therapies, leads to amelioration of IC symptoms, implying a central role for the CTRS in symptom precipitation and perpetuation. Conceptually moving the source of IC pain to the brain as a motivational state rather than one resulting from peripheral nociceptive input offers both clinicians and researchers novel opportunities to improve care for patients with IC and for researchers to use more ecologically valid rodent models. It may even be that IC results from an excess of risk to protective factors, making this imbalance a targetable cause rather than a consequence of IC.
A Chinese classical prescription Maimendong decoction in treatment of pulmonary fibrosis: an overview
Authors: Lao Qiurong , Wang Xianbin , Zhu Guangqing , Yuan Haochen , Ma Ting , Wang Ning
Published: May 2024

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic and progressive disease characterized by fibrosis and interstitial pneumonia. It has similar clinical symptoms to “Fei Bi” and “Fei Wei” as described in the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) classic Jingui Yaolue written by Zhang Zhongjing in the Han Dynasty. This study explored the potential of Maimendong Decoction (MMDD). MMDD consists of Ophiopogon japonicus (L.f) (ophiopogonis), Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. (pinellia), Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. (ginseng), Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (glycyrrhiza), Zizi phus jujuba Mill. (jujuba), and Oryza sativa L. (oryza sativa), with the function of nourishing the lung and stomach, and reducing the effect of reverse qi. It has been used clinically for over two thousand years to treat conditions like “Fei Bi” and “Fei Wei”. Previous research suggests that MMDD and its individual herbal extracts have anti-fibrotic effects. The main focus of MMDD in treating PF is to reduce inflammatory cytokines, inhibit pro-fibrotic factors and oxidative stress, promote differentiation and homing of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and enhance cell autophagy activity. This review summarized the clinical applications, mechanisms, and pharmacological effects of MMDD in treating PF based on existing clinical applications and experimental research. It also discussed current issues and prospects, aiming to provide a reference for further research on the mechanism of PF, drug development, and clinical trials.
O-GlcNAcylation in ischemic diseases
Authors: Shi Rui-Rui , He Tian-Qi , Lin Meng-Si , Xu Jian , Gu Jin-Hua , Xu Hui
Published: May 2024

Protein glycosylation is an extensively studied field, with the most studied forms being oxygen or nitrogen-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc or N-GlcNAc) glycosylation. Particular residues on proteins are targeted by O-GlcNAcylation, which is among the most intricate post-translational modifications. Significantly contributing to an organism’s proteome, it influences numerous factors affecting protein stability, function, and subcellular localization. It also modifies the cellular function of target proteins that have crucial responsibilities in controlling pathways related to the central nervous system, cardiovascular homeostasis, and other organ functions. Under conditions of acute stress, changes in the levels of O-GlcNAcylation of these proteins may have a defensive function. Nevertheless, deviant O-GlcNAcylation nullifies this safeguard and stimulates the advancement of several ailments, the prognosis of which relies on the cellular milieu. Hence, this review provides a concise overview of the function and comprehension of O-GlcNAcylation in ischemia diseases, aiming to facilitate the discovery of new therapeutic targets for efficient treatment, particularly in patients with diabetes.
Treatment of colorectal cancer by traditional Chinese medicine: prevention and treatment mechanisms
Authors: Sun Jiaxin , Wei Ying , Wang Jia , Hou Mingxing , Su Liya
Published: May 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health burden, with high morbidity and mortality rates. It is often diagnosed at middle to advanced stage, affecting approximately 35% of patients at the time of diagnosis. Currently, chemotherapy has been used to improve patient prognosis and increase overall survival. However, chemotherapy can also have cytotoxic effects and lead to adverse reactions, such as inhibiting bone marrow hematopoiesis, causing digestive dysfunction, hand-foot syndrome, and even life-threatening conditions. In response to these adverse effects, researchers have proposed using Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) as an option to treat cancer. TCM research focuses on prescriptions, herbs, and components, which form essential components of the current research in Chinese medicine. The study and implementation of TCM prescriptions and herbs demonstrate its distinctive holistic approach to therapy, characterized by applying multi-component and multi-target treatment. TMC components have advantages in developing new drugs as they consist of single ingredients, require smaller medication dosages, have a precise measure of pharmacodynamic effects, and have a clear mechanism of action compared to TCM prescriptions and herbs. However, further research is still needed to determine whether TMC components can fully substitute the therapeutic efficacy of TCM prescriptions. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the research advancements made in TCM prescriptions, herbs, and components. The findings of this study can serve as a theoretical basis for researchers who are interested in exploring the potential of TCM for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
Dietary fatty acids modulate oxidative stress response to air pollution but not to infection
Authors: Ziegler Ann-Kathrin , Jensen Johan Kjellberg , Jiménez-Gallardo Lucía , Rissler Jenny , Gudmundsson Anders , Nilsson Jan-Åke , Isaksson Caroline
Published: May 2024

Anthropogenic changes to the environment expose wildlife to many pollutants. Among these, tropospheric ozone is of global concern and a highly potent pro-oxidant. In addition, human activities include several other implications for wildlife, e.g., changed food availability and changed distribution of pathogens in cities. These co-occurring habitat changes may interact, thereby modulating the physiological responses and costs related to anthropogenic change. For instance, many food items associated with humans (e.g., food waste and feeders for wild birds) contain relatively more ω6-than ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Metabolites derived from ω6-PUFAs can enhance inflammation and oxidative stress towards a stimulus, whereas the opposite response is linked to ω3-derived metabolites. Hence, we hypothesized that differential intake of ω6-and ω3-PUFAs modulates the oxidative stress state of birds and thereby affects the responses towards pro-oxidants. To test this, we manipulated dietary ω6:ω3 ratios and ozone levels in a full-factorial experiment using captive zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Additionally, we simulated an infection, thereby also triggering the immune system’s adaptive pro-oxidant release (i.e., oxidative burst), by injecting lipopolysaccharide. Under normal air conditions, the ω3-diet birds had a lower antioxidant ratio (GSH/GSSG ratio) compared to the ω6-diet birds. When exposed to ozone, however, the diet effect disappeared. Instead, ozone exposure overall reduced the total concentration of the key antioxidant glutathione (tGSH). Moreover, the birds on the ω6-rich diet had an overall higher antioxidant capacity (OXY) compared to birds fed a ω3-rich diet. Interestingly, only the immune challenge increased oxidative damage, suggesting the oxidative burst of the immune system overrides the other pro-oxidative processes, including diet. Taken together, our results show that ozone, dietary PUFAs, and infection all affect the redox-system, but in different ways, suggesting that the underlying responses are decoupled despite that they all increase pro-oxidant exposure or generation. Despite lack of apparent cumulative effect in the independent biomarkers, the combined single effects could together reduce overall cellular functioning and efficiency over time in wild birds exposed to pathogens, ozone, and anthropogenic food sources.
The frequency-following response in late preterm neonates: a pilot study
Authors: Ribas-Prats Teresa , Arenillas-Alcón Sonia , Martínez Silvia Irene Ferrero , Gómez-Roig Maria Dolores , Escera Carles
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Infants born very early preterm are at high risk of language delays. However, less is known about the consequences of late prematurity. Hence, the aim of the present study is to characterize the neural encoding of speech sounds in late preterm neonates in comparison with those born at term.

Methods

The speech-evoked frequency-following response (FFR) was recorded to a consonant-vowel stimulus /da/ in 36 neonates in three different groups: 12 preterm neonates [mean gestational age (GA) 36.05 weeks], 12 “early term neonates” (mean GA 38.3 weeks), and “late term neonates” (mean GA 41.01 weeks).

Results

From the FFR recordings, a delayed neural response and a weaker stimulus F0 encoding in premature neonates compared to neonates born at term was observed. No differences in the response time onset nor in stimulus F0 encoding were observed between the two groups of neonates born at term. No differences between the three groups were observed in the neural encoding of the stimulus temporal fine structure.

Discussion

These results highlight alterations in the neural encoding of speech sounds related to prematurity, which were present for the stimulus F0 but not for its temporal fine structure.
Research on the influencing factors of subjective well-being of Chinese college students based on panel model
Authors: Qin Ting , Wei Pingqiang , Zhu Chengyi
Published: May 2024

The subjective well-being of Chinese college students has always been a topic of concern. Subjective well-being is an overall evaluation of the quality of life according to the standards set by individuals, which is of great significance to the development of college students. Based on the data published in the past 5 years of China’s comprehensive social survey, this study uses panel model and adversarial explanatory structure model to analyze the influencing factors of subjective well-being of Chinese college students from five dimensions: social equity attitude, parental education, use of network, social interaction and physical health. The results show that social justice attitude, parents’ education, network use, social interaction and physical health have a positive impact on the subjective well-being of Chinese college students. Among them, the use of the network and the education of parents mainly affect the social justice attitude, social interaction attitude, physical health status, and ultimately affect the subjective well-being of college students. Based on the above conclusions, this study proposes strategies to improve the subjective well-being of college students, which has certain reference and guiding significance for educators and decision makers, and has reference significance for developing countries.
Gratitude predicts prosocial tendency through psychological resilience—cross-sectional study in Arab cultures
Authors: Alamri Ayman Abdullah Hazza , Al-Abyadh Mohammed Hasan Ali
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between gratitude and prosocial tendency and the potential mediating role of psychological resilience in this association. Six hundred and seventy-six Saudi Arabia and Egyptian students completed the Gratitude Scale, Prosocial tendency Scale and Psychological Resilience Scale. The results showed no significant differences in gratitude, prosocial tendency and psychological resilience according to culture or gender in both countries. Moreover, gratitude positively correlated with prosocial tendency and psychological resilience. Furthermore, the results revealed that psychological resilience significantly mediated the association between gratitude and prosocial tendency. We conclude that gratitude predicts prosocial tendency and psychological resilience plays a mediating role in this association among Arab societies.
Effectiveness of Occupational Safety and Health interventions: a long way to go
Authors: Vitrano Gaia , Micheli Guido J. L.
Published: May 2024

Background

Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) has become an area of increasing concern for organizations and institutions. As it evolves, it has gradually posed ongoing challenges, becoming more complex, for organizations. Consequently, more comprehensive studies are required to advance academic and institutional research. From this perspective, this study aims to gather research contributions on the effectiveness of existing interventions for OSH improvement and identify areas for further exploration.

Methods

According to the nature of scientific literature, the overall process of a literature review was investigated following an integrative approach, which involved searching for, selecting, and analyzing various literature in a creative and integrated manner, without a predefined structure.

Results

The analysis suggests that there is room for improvement in understanding the effectiveness of OSH interventions and more concrete guidance is still desirable. Based on the literature, some research areas for future developments in OSH interventions are identified. One potential area to explore further is fostering human-centered technological development and a more conscious network of stakeholders, with higher coordination, shared knowledge, and open communication.

Implications

Focusing on the proposed directions will support scholars and practitioners in pursuing continuous OSH improvement through more effective and well-grounded workplace interventions and encourage organizations to be proactive in daily OSH management.
mNGS helped diagnose scrub typhus-associated HLH in children: a report of two cases
Authors: Jian Hui , Yang Qiu-xia , Duan Jia-xin , Lai Shu-yu , Che Guang-lu , Teng Jie , Chang Li , Liu Xiao-juan , Luo Li-li , Liu Fang
Published: May 2024

Background

Scrub typhus, caused by the Orientia tsutsugamushi (Ot), is a widespread vector-borne disease transmitted by chigger mites. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is considered to be one of the potentially severe complications. The diagnosis of scrub typhus-associated HLH may be overlooked due to the non-specific clinical characteristics and the absence of pathognomonic eschar.

Case presentation

We obtained clinical data from two patients in the South of Sichuan, China. The first case involved a 6-year-old girl who exhibited an unexplained fever and was initially diagnosed with sepsis, HLH, and pulmonary infection. The other patient presented a more severe condition characterized by multiple organ dysfunction and was initially diagnosed with septic shock, sepsis, HLH, acute kidney injury (AKI), and pulmonary infection. At first, a specific examination for scrub typhus was not performed due to the absence of a characteristic eschar. Conventional peripheral blood cultures yielded negative results in both patients, and neither of them responded to routine antibiotics. Fortunately, the causative pathogen Orientia tsutsugamushi (Ot) was detected in the plasma samples of both patients using metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Subsequently, they both were treated with doxycycline and recovered quickly.

Conclusion

The unbiased mNGS provided a clinically actionable diagnosis for an uncommon pathogen-associated infectious disease that had previously evaded conventional diagnostic approaches.
An evaluation of outpatient satisfaction based on the national standard questionnaire: a satisfaction survey conducted in a tertiary hospital in Shenyang, China
Authors: Xintong Zhou , Tao Xin , Shuying Wang , Huq K. A. T. M. Ehsanul , Huiying Gao , Michiko Moriyama
Published: May 2024

Background

Patient satisfaction survey serves as a pivotal tool in evaluating the quality of healthcare services. China’s nationwide standard patient satisfaction measurement tool was introduced in 2019. This study aimed to assess the model fit of the national standard outpatient satisfaction questionnaire in a tertiary hospital and evaluate the outpatient satisfaction levels using this tool.

Method

A cross-sectional survey using the national outpatient satisfaction questionnaire was conducted via message links to all hospital outpatients who registered between April and July 2022. The data collected underwent descriptive analysis, comparative analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).

Results

A total of 6,012 valid responses were received and analyzed during this period, with 52.9% of the participants being women. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model showed a good fit and identified doctor communication as having a positive effect and environmental factors as having a negative effect on outpatients’ satisfaction, with standardized regression weights of 0.46 and 0.42, respectively. Despite the remarkably high satisfaction levels, patients’ recommendation for using the services of this hospital surpassed the overall evaluation and total satisfaction scores.

Conclusion

A disparity was identified between the expectations and real experiences of outpatients, leading to some extent of dissatisfaction. To enhance satisfaction levels, the hospital should improve the communication skills of all clinical staff, simplify the environment layout for first-time visitors, and manage patient overloads.
Distribution patterns and environmental risk assessments of microplastics in the lake waters and sediments from eight typical wetland parks in Changsha city, China
Authors: Yao Junyi , Li Jiang , Qi Jialing , Wan Mengrui , Tang Liling , Han Hui , Tian Kai , Liu Shaobo
Published: May 2024

The quality of water in urban parks is closely related to people’s daily lives, but the pollution caused by microplastics in park water and sediments has not been comprehensively studied. Therefore, eight typical parks in the urban area of Changsha, China, were selected, and Raman spectroscopy was used to explore the spatial distributions and compositions of the microplastics in the water and sediments, analyze their influencing factors, and evaluate their environmental risks. The results showed that the abundances of surface water microplastics in all parks ranged from 150 to 525 n L−1, and the abundances of sediment microplastics ranged from 120 to 585 n kg−1. The microplastics in the surface water included polyethylene terephthalate (PET), chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), and fluororubber (FLU), while those in the sediments included polyvinyl chloride (PVC), wp-acrylate copolymer (ACR), and CPE. Regression analyses revealed significant positive correlations between human activities and the abundances of microplastics in the parks. Among them, the correlations of population, industrial discharge and domestic wastewater discharge with the abundance of microplastics in park water were the strongest. However, the correlations of car flow and tourists with the abundance of microplastics in park water were the weakest. Based on the potential ecological risk indices (PERI) classification assessment method, the levels of microplastics in the waters and sediments of the eight parks were all within the II-level risk zone (53–8,549), among which the risk indices for Meixi Lake and Yudai Lake were within the IV risk zone (1,365–8,549), which may have been caused by the high population density near the park. This study provides new insights into the characteristics of microplastics in urban park water and sediment.
Trends and projections of age-appropriate vaccination coverage in 41 low- and middle- income countries in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–2030
Authors: Islam Md Rashedul , Rahman Md Mizanur , Rahman Md Shafiur , Abe Sarah Krull , Akmatov Manas K. , Hashizume Masahiro
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Routine immunization programs have focused on increasing vaccination coverage, which is equally important for decreasing vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), particularly in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). We estimated the trends and projections of age-appropriate vaccination coverage at the regional and national levels, as well as place of residence and wealth index in LMICs.

Methods

In total, 174 nationally representative household surveys from 2000 to 2020 from 41 LMICs were included in this study. Bayesian hierarchical regression models were used to estimate trends and projections of age-appropriate vaccination.

Results

The trend in coverage of age-appropriate Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), third dose of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTP3), third dose of polio (polio3), and measles-containing vaccine (MCV) increased rapidly from 2000 to 2020 in LMICs. Findings indicate substantial increases at the regional and national levels, and by area of residence and socioeconomic status between 2000 and 2030. The largest rise was observed in East Africa, followed by South and Southeast Asia. However, out of the 41 countries, only 10 countries are estimated to achieve 90% coverage of the BCG vaccine by 2030, five of DTP3, three of polio3, and none of MCV. Additionally, by 2030, wider pro-urban and -rich inequalities are expected in several African countries.

Conclusion

Significant progress in age-appropriate vaccination coverage has been made in LMICs from 2000 to 2020. Despite this, projections show many countries will not meet the 2030 coverage goals, with persistent urban–rural and socioeconomic disparities. Therefore, LMICs must prioritize underperforming areas and reduce inequalities through stronger health systems and increased community engagement to ensure high coverage and equitable vaccine access.
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness and clinical outcomes in hemodialysis patients: the NHIS-COVID-19 cohort study in South Korea
Authors: Lee Young-Ki , Jeong Seon A. , Park Hayne Cho , Kim Do Hyoung , Yoo Kyung Don , Yoon Hye Eun , Kim Yang Gyun , Cho Ajin
Published: May 2024

Background

Patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) have a high risk of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and poor clinical outcomes. This study aimed to investigate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine effectiveness against infection and deaths in the South Korean population undergoing HD.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study to compare the incidence of COVID-19 and post-diagnosis mortality between patients who were either never vaccinated or fully or partially vaccinated. The Korean nationwide COVID-19 registry and the Korean National Health Insurance Service databases were used. Adult patients without a history of COVID-19 were included between October 8, 2020, and December 31, 2021. The study outcomes were COVID-19 diagnosis, severe clinical COVID-19-related events, and post-diagnosis death.

Results

Eighty-five thousand eighteen patients undergoing HD were included, of whom 69,601 were fully vaccinated, 2,213 were partially vaccinated and 13,204 were unvaccinated. Compared with the unvaccinated group, the risk of being diagnosed with COVID-19 in patients who were fully vaccinated decreased during the study period (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.147; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.135–0.159). There were 1,140 (1.3%) patients diagnosed with COVID-19. After diagnosis, fully vaccinated patients were significantly less likely to die than unvaccinated patients (aOR = 0.940; 95% CI = 0.901–0.980) and to experience severe clinical events (aOR = 0.952; 95% CI = 0.916–0.988).

Conclusion

Full vaccination against COVID-19 was associated with a reduced risk of both infection and severe clinical outcomes in the South Korean population undergoing HD. These findings support the use of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 among patients undergoing HD.
Immunity against measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella among homeless individuals in Germany — A nationwide multi-center cross-sectional study
Authors: Graf Wiebke , Bertram Franziska , Dost Katharina , Brennecke Anna , Kowalski Veronika , van Rüth Victoria , Nörz Dominik Sebastian , Wulff Birgit , Ondruschka Benjamin , Püschel Klaus , Pfefferle Susanne , Lütgehetmann Marc , Heinrich Fabian
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Homeless individuals suffer a high burden of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases. Moreover, they are particularly susceptible to adverse infection outcomes with limited access to the health care system. Data on the seroprevalence of measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella within this cohort are missing.

Methods

The seroprevalence of measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella was determined within the homeless population in Germany. Predictors of lacking immune protection were determined using multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results

Homeless individuals in Germany (n = 611) showed a seroprevalence of 88.5% (95% CI: 85.8–91.0) for measles, 83.8% (95% CI: 80.6–86.6) for mumps, 86.1% (95% CI: 83.1–88.7) for rubella, and 95.7% (95% CI 93.8–97.2) for varicella. Measles seroprevalences declined from individuals born in 1965 to individuals born in 1993, with seroprevalences not compatible with a 95% threshold in individuals born after 1980. For mumps, seroprevalences declined from individuals born in 1950 to individuals born in 1984. Here, seroprevalences were not compatible with a 92% threshold for individuals born after 1975. Seronegativity for measles, mumps and rubella was associated with age but not with gender or country of origin.

Discussion

Herd immunity for measles and mumps is not achieved in this homeless cohort, while there was sufficient immune protection for rubella and varicella. Declining immune protection rates in younger individuals warrant immunization campaigns also targeting marginalized groups such as homeless individuals. Given that herd immunity thresholds are not reached for individuals born after 1980 for measles, and after 1975 for mumps, vaccination campaigns should prioritize individuals within these age groups.
Urban amenity and urban economic resilience: evidence from China
Authors: Du Ran , Liu Ke , Zhao Dangru , Fang Qiyun
Published: May 2024

Under the influence of multiple uncertain factors at home and abroad, urban amenities, as the underlying support for urban renewal activities, are of great significance in enhancing urban economic resilience. The panel data of Chinese cities from 2011 to 2019 is used in this study. Urban amenity is measured from artificial amenities and climate amenities, respectively. By using a two-way fixed effects model, we empirically test the impact of urban amenities on urban economic resilience. The key findings of this study are as follows. (1) Urban amenities can significantly enhance urban economic resilience. (2) Heterogeneity analysis shows that there are regional differences in the role of urban amenities in promoting urban economic resilience, with cities in the eastern region, strong environmental regulations, and high urbanization rates benefiting more. (3) We further find that urban amenities mainly enhance economic resilience by promoting population agglomeration, attracting labor migration, improving the quality of human capital, and stimulating urban innovation. Our conclusions recommend to rationally allocate and optimize urban amenity resources, strengthen urban planning and construction management, and create a more livable urban environment, thereby enhancing urban economic resilience.
Prediction of the severity of child abuse using nationwide survey data from Child Guidance Centers in Japan: focus on infancy and preschool age
Authors: Ogai Yasukazu , Nakajima-Yamaguchi Ryoko , Ohashi Hirotsuna , Niwa Kentaro , Sakurayama Toyoo , Morita Nobuaki
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The present study conducted a secondary data analysis of a comprehensive survey from Child Guidance Centers in Japan to identify factors that are associated with child abuse severity in infancy (0–3 years, 1,868 cases) and preschool age (4–6 years, 1,529 cases). A predictive model for abuse severity was developed.

Methods

The data originated from a nationwide survey that was conducted in April 2013, consisting of details of abuse cases, including child characteristics, abuser attributes, and family situation. Abuse severity was assessed on a five-level scale (suspected, mild, moderate, severe, and life-threatening) that was converted into a binary outcome. Logistic regression analysis was used to create a predictive model using two-thirds of the data, which was validated with the remaining third of the data.

Results and discussion

As a result, in infancy, risks of severity increased with younger age of the abused child, physical abuse, neglect, witnessing domestic violence, and the involvement of Child Guidance Centers or hospitals in detection. The abuser's mental problems and cumulative child damage contributed to severity. For preschool age, similar factors applied, with additional risks that included abuse overlap and guardian separation. Cumulative abuser issues and child physical damage impacted severity. Validation yielded moderate prediction accuracy (areas under the curve: 0.703 and 0.714).
A real-time virtual outing using virtual reality for a hospitalized terminal cancer patient who has difficulty going out: a case report
Authors: Niki Kazuyuki , Egashira Satomi , Okamoto Yoshiaki
Published: May 2024

Objective: Even if hospitalized terminal cancer patients wish to go out, it is sometimes difficult for them to realize this because of various symptoms. We have been providing a virtual outing experience using virtual reality (VR) for terminal cancer patients who have difficulty going out, and have often received requests to “talk with people in the virtual outing,” but there is a problem that a large time lag occurs in conversation in a VR space under the general Internet environment. However, with the advent of systems that enable high-speed, low-latency communications, real-time communication is now possible even in VR spaces. Thus, we aimed to explore the feasibility of implementing the real-time virtual outing.

Methods: The patient’s preferred virtual outing was to his daughter’s new home. The study operator used a 360° video real-time sharing system to broadcast the view of the daughter’s home. The patient experienced the images using a VR head-mounted display in his room. The patient’s wife, son, daughter, and grandson participated in this delivery using a laptop computer from a dayroom in the hospital, and his daughter’s husband participated using the 360° video real-time sharing system from the daughter’s home with the researcher. Before and after the virtual outing, changes in symptoms and emotions were assessed using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System Revised Japanese version and the Numerical Rating Scale for headache, dizziness, pleasure, and satisfaction. In addition, we collected the patients’ impressions of the virtual outing.

Results: The patient was a male in his early 70s. After approximately 30 min of real-time virtual outings, “tiredness, drowsiness, depression, and wellbeing” were improved and “pleasure, and satisfaction” were increased, while no side effects or worsening of symptoms were observed. In addition, it was observed from the patient’s comments that he felt a sense of presence, as if he were her home.

Discussion: The patient and his family could enjoy smooth conversation without time lag even in the VR space. Therefore, it was suggested that real-time virtual outings using VR could help realize the wishes of hospitalized terminal cancer patients who have difficulty going out as a new approach.