bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CATCH FISHERMAN EMPOWERMENT STRATEGY IN IMPROVING TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN KARANGANTU NUSANTARA FISHERY PORT (PPN) CITY OF SERANG , BANTEN
Authors: Dharmawan Awan , Handrianto Dimas
Published: December 2021

ABSTRAK

 Himpitan ekonomi yang dialami oleh para nelayan tangkap di PPN karangantu Kota Serang, Banten memaksa para nelayan tangkap bergerak dengan memanfaatkan baiknya sarana dan infrastruktur serta mengembangkan potensi untuk pembangunan pariwisata . Hal tersebut dilakukan demi kelangsungan hidup dan perbaikan tingkat perekonomian . Dengan kondisi tersebut maka dilakukan penelitian yang ber tujuan mengkaji strategi pemberdayaan yang dilakukan oleh nelayan tangkap dalam meningkatkan pendapatan melalui pembangunan pariwisata di PPN Karangantu. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif yang bersifat desktriptif. Untuk menjawab permasalahan yang ada, dilakukan penyusunan strategi beradasarkan analisis SWOT. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa strategi pemberdayaan nelayan tangkap dalam meningkatkan pendapatannya melalui pembangunan pariwisata di PPN Karangantu membutuhkan partisipasi dan dukungan aktif dari pihak PPN Karangantu, Pemerintah Kota Serang, Tokoh Masyarakat serta Aparatur Negara , sehinga PPN Karangantu bisa menjadi tujuan wisata yang lebih menarik disertai pembenahan dan pengelolaan sarana dan fasilitas yang lebih baik lagi.

Key words : Empowerment, Fisherman Capture, Strategy Tourism Development
KOTA CILEGON IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM PEMBERDAYAAN SOSIAL DALAM REHABILITAS RUMAH TIDAK LAYAK HUNI DI KOTA CILEGON
Authors: Kausar Ronald Al , Yulianti Rina , Stiawati Titi
Published: December 2021

Pengentasan angka kemiskinan menjadi perhatian dan fokus Pemerintah Daerah Kota Cilegon sebagai upaya implementasi fungsi pemerintahan dalam hal pelayanan, pemberdayaan dan pembangunan kepada  masyarakat. Melihat tingkat kemiskinan dalam hal adanya rumah tidak layak huni di Kota Cilegon. Tentu saja, pemerintah daerah melakukan upaya untuk mengatasinya dengan mengeluarkan suatu kebijakan yang tertuang dalam bentuk program. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu implementasi kebijakan yang dikemukakan oleh Hill dan Hupe yang terdiri dari tiga aspek dalam mengelola implementasi kebijakan yaitu mengelola proses kebijakan, mengelola hubungan antar organisasi dan mengelola hubungan internal dan eksternal. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Penentuan informan dengan menggunakan teknik purposif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, program rehabilitasi rumah tidak layak huni di Kota Cilegon belum sepenuhnya berjalan secara maksimal dalam tataran realisasi pengerjaan pembangunan. Program bantuan yang ditujukan untuk masyarakat miskin dengan memberikan bantuan keuangan dalam bentuk stimulan yang bersifat swadaya, dimana masyarakat  dituntut untuk membangun secara swadaya berdasarkan prakarsa masyarakat atau pemerintah dengan pendekatan berbasis pemberdayaan masyarakat, sehingga terwujudnya harapan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat.
IMPLEMENTASI PEMBANGUNAN DEMOKRATISASI DI PROVINSI BANTEN (STUDI PRAKTIK POLITIK UANG PADA PILKADA SERENTAK TAHUN 2018 – 2020 DI PROVINSI BANTEN)
Authors: Hermawan Agus Aan , Suharyana Yana
Published: December 2021

Praktik politik uang hingga saat ini masih menjadi perhatian dalam pembangunan demokratisasi di Indonesia khusunya di Provinsi Banten. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji mengenai fenomena modus praktik politik uang pada pilkada serentak tahun 2018 – 2020 di Provinsi Banten. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori pertukaran sosial (social ekchange theory). Metode penelitian dengan pendekatan kualitatif, dimana pengambilan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa dorongan praktik politik uang pada pilkada serentak Tahun 2018 – 2020 di Provinsi Banten, dipicu oleh rendahanya kemampuan ekonomi masyarakat, sehingga dengan perilaku rasional untung ruginya, warga masyarakat sebagai pemilih menganggap bahwa praktik politik uang dianggap hal biasa yang merupakan hal wajar dalam setiap kontestasi pemilihan, dengan situasi kondisi masyarakat yang membutuhkan kecukupan ekonomi. Dengan demikian, rasa penolakan terhadap praktik politik uang masih kecil dilakukan oleh warga masyarakat sebagai pemilih, yang terdesak oleh kondisi ekonomi yang semakin sulit dan terpuruk.
ZEBRA BALIĞI (Danio rerio): TOKSİKOLOJİK ÇALIŞMALAR İÇİN UYGUN BİR MODEL ORGANİZMA
Authors: YİPEL Mustafa , İLHAN Aysun
Published: December 2021

Zebra balığı önceleri sadece genotoksikoloji ve ekotoksikoloji araştırmaları için kullanılan bir omurgalı model organizmayken zamanla (1990-2020) birçok alanda kullanılmaya başlamıştır. Zebra balığı; farmakoloji ve toksikoloji (ekotoksikoloji, nörotoksikoloji ve toksikogenomik) yanında genetik, sinirbilim, gelişim, fizyoloji, biyotıp, ilaç geliştirme, hastalık modellemesi, ilaç taraması, hedef belirleme gibi alanlarda önemli omurgalı model organizmalardan biri haline gelmiştir. Diğer omurgalı deney hayvanlarıyla karşılaştırıldığında, hastalıklarda model organizma olarak birçok avantaja sahiptir. Zebra balıkları yüksek üreme yeteneği ve dışsal döllenme özelliğine sahip olması, emriyolarının; optik şeffaflık, hızlı gelişim özelliği ve küçük boyutları olması, ayrıca insanlara yüksek genetik benzerlik, düşük maliyet gibi üreme, bakım ve bilimsel çalışmalar açısından önemli avantajlara sahip model organizmalardır. Solunum ve üreme sistemi gibi bazı doku, organ ve sistem farklılıkları ise bu konularda model olarak kullanımlarını kısıtlamaktadır. Diğer omurgalı hayvan modelleri (tavşan, rat ve fare) ile kıyaslandığında dahil edildiği çalışmaların arttığı gözlemlenmiştir. Zebra balıkları üzerindeki manipülasyon teknik ve teknolojileri geliştikçe, modern tıbba olan katkısının artışıyla gelecekte kilit model organizma olacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı, zebra balıklarının toksikoloji çalışmaları açısından avantajlarının diğer omurgalı hayvan modellerinin dahil edildiği çalışma verileriyle (yıllık artış, artış yüzdeleri ve çalışma alanları vb.) karşılaştırılmasıdır.
CHRYSIN: POTENTIAL PHARMACOLOGICAL and TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Authors: ZEYBEK Esra , KART Asım
Published: December 2021

Recently, the use of pharmacotherapeutic agents of plant origin is increasing as an alternative to synthetic chemical drugs. Although quite a lot of plant-based bioactive ingredients have been reported, the bioactive molecule chyrisin, which is found in some products such as blue passionflower, honey and propolis, has become a remarkable phytochemical in recent years. Chrysin is an important flavonoid that stands out with its strong antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and anxiolytic properties as well as having many different pharmacological effects. In this review, it is aimed to give information about the physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic properties of chrysin and its protective and beneficial properties in various diseases.
Clean Single-Valued Polylogarithms
Authors:   Universit&, Charlton Steven ,   #228,   t Hamburg, Germany, Duhr Claude ,   Universität Bonn, Germany, Gangl Herbert ,   Durham University, UK
Published: December 2021

We define a variant of real-analytic polylogarithms that are single-valued and that satisfy ''clean'' functional relations that do not involve any products of lower weight functions. We discuss the basic properties of these functions and, for depths one and two, we present some explicit formulas and results. We also give explicit formulas for the single-valued and clean single-valued version attached to the Nielsen polylogarithms Sn,2(x), and we show how the clean single-valued functions give new evaluations of multiple polylogarithms at certain algebraic points.
Immunohistochemical Study of IMP3 Expression in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ashmawy Wala’a Ahmad Al-Sayed , Abd-Elaziz Ahmed Mahmoud , Bassam Amira Mohamed , Ibrahim Heba Abdelmonem
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: IMP3 is an RNA binding protein, which is strongly expressed in malignant tumors, promoting tumor cell proliferation.
AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of IMP3 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and to correlate the expression of IMP3 with available clinicopathological data.
METHODS: Sixty one total laryngectomy and laryngoscopic biopsies; collected from the Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University. Two slides were prepared from each paraffin embedded tumor block, one slide for Hematoxylin and Eosin staining, and the other for immunohistochemical staining by IMP3 polyclonal antibody.
RESULTS: Thirty-seven cases (60.7%) showed positive IMP3 expression, and a statistically significant correlation was found between IMP3 expressions in normal, dysplastic epithelium/in situ component, and the invasive malignant tumor tissue. Correlations between IMP3 expression and other available clinicopathological data were all non-significant.
CONCLUSION: This study suggests that IMP3 might play a role in laryngeal SCC carcinogenesis and progression process from normal to dysplastic to malignant epithelium, and thus IMP3 might be targeted by gene therapy.
Incidence of Adverse Drug Events among Patients on Second Line Anti-Tuberculosis Regimen in the Littoral Region of Cameroon
Authors: Mbuh Teyim Pride , Meriki Henry D. , Thumamo Pokam Benjamin D. , Adeline Wandji , Enoka Francaise , Ghislain Tchualack , Mbacham Wilfred F. , Ane-Anyangwe Irene
Published: December 2021

Background:

An adverse drug event (ADE) is an injury resulting from medical intervention associated with a drug. This study assesses the incidence of ADEs among participants on second-line drugs for tuberculosis (TB) in Cameroon.

Methods:

This was a longitudinal observational study including 65 participants and carried out from January 2017 to December 2017. Markers of ADEs were obtained from creatinine, transaminase audiogram, and clinical data. Multivariate analysis was used to determine the association between predictors and ADEs.

Results:

Forty-eight (73.8%) of the 65 participants developed 72 ADEs. Fifty-four (75%), 11 (15.3%), and 7 (9.7%) of the 72 ADEs were classified as Grades 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Gastrointestinal disorders were most common (35 [46.6%]) followed by auditory injuries (16 [22.2%]), hepatotoxicity (11 [15.3%]), neurological disorders (6 [8.3%]), and kidney disorders (4 [5.6%]). The follow-up duration of this study was 11,250-person day (PDY). The incidence rate for ADEs was 4.3/1000 PDY and that for gastrointestinal disorders, auditory injuries, hepatotoxicity, neurological disorders, and kidney disorders was 3.1, 1.4, 1.0, 0.5, and 0.2 (/1000PDY), respectively. Kanamycin (65 [90.3%]), isoniazid (4 [5.6%]), and ethambutol (3 [4.2%]) were incriminated with ADEs. Most (29 [60.4%]) of the ADEs occurred during the first 2 months of drug initiation. There was an association between poor treatment outcome and ADEs (P = 0.04, odds ratio = 1.20, 95% confidence of interval = 0.21–6.80].

Conclusions:

The incidence of ADEs is associated with several factors and most of them occurred during the intensive phase of treatment. Kanamycin was the most associated drug linked to ADEs requiring its replacement with a less toxic one.
A Case of Recurrent Steroid-Dependent Severe Type 2 Lepra Reaction Treated Successfully with Colchicine
Authors: Sachdeva Soumya , Sinha Surabhi , Sardana Kabir
Published: December 2021

Type 2 lepra reaction (or erythema nodosum leprosum [ENL]) is an immune complex-mediated reaction which has been reported to occur for up to 8 years after successful completion of multibacillary multidrug therapy. The management of ENL is a challenge with the patient often becoming steroid dependent; predisposing to recurrent episodes in 39%–77% of cases on attempted steroid withdrawal. Here, we present a case of recalcitrant recurrent type 2 reaction which responded promptly to treatment with colchicine.
Colonic Tuberculosis Masquerading as Crohn'S Disease
Authors: Kaur Harveen , Singh Dilbag , Kajal N. C.
Published: December 2021

Intestinal tuberculosis (TB) is a diagnostic challenge and can closely mimic Crohn's disease (CD) and colon cancer. These disease entities very closely resemble each other in symptomatology, imaging, appearance, and pathology. We present a case of colonic TB where the initial diagnostic workup was suggestive of CD. However, the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in biopsy specimens confirmed the diagnosis.
Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers for Quantifying the Mycobacterial Effect of High Doses of Rifampin in Patients with Rifampin-Susceptible Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Said Bibie N , Heysell Scott K , Yimer Getnet , Aarnoutse Rob E. , Kibiki Gibson S , Mpagama Stellah , Mbelele Peter M
Published: December 2021

Background:

Suboptimal drug exposure in patients with drug-susceptible tuberculosis (DS-TB) can drive treatment failure. Pharmacodynamics (PD) biomarkers such as the plasma TB drug-activity (TDA) assay may guide dose finding studies and predict microbiological outcomes differently than conventional indices.

Methods:

A study was nested from phase 2b randomized double-blind controlled trial of Tanzanian patients who received a 600 mg, 900 mg, or 1200 mg with a standard dose for DS-TB. Serum at 6 weeks collected over 24-h at 2-h intervals was collected for rifampin area under the concentration–time curve relative to minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC0-24/MIC) or peak concentration and MIC (Cmax/MIC). TDA was the ratio of time-to-positive growth of the patient's Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates with and without coculture of patient's plasma collected at Cmax. Spearman's rank correlation (r) between PD parameters and culture convention on both liquid and solid culture media.

Results:

Among 10 patients, 600 mg (3), 900 mg (3), and 1200 mg (4) of rifampin dosages. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of AUC0-24/MIC for patients on 600 mg was 168 ± 159 mg·h/L, on 900 mg was 169 ± 166 mg·h/L, and on 1200 mg was 308 ± 238 mg·h/L. The mean-TDA (SD) was 2.56 (±0.75), 1.5 (±0.59), and 2.29 (±1.08) for patients on 600 mg, 900 mg, and 1200 mg rifampin doses, respectively. Higher TDA values correlated with faster time to culture convention on both liquid (r = −0.55, P = 0.099) and solid media (r = −0.65, P = 0.04).

Conclusions:

TDA and rifampin AUC0-24/MIC did not trend as expected with rifampin dose, but TDA better predicted the time to sputum culture conversion. TDA may provide additional discrimination in predicting treatment response for some regimens distinct from plasma exposure relative to MIC or mg/kg dose.
Exploring the Role of Bacillus Calmette–Guerin Vaccination in Protection against COVID-19
Authors: Chauhan Anil , Singh Manvi , Agarwal Amit , Jaiswal Nishant , Lakshmi PVM , Singh Meenu
Published: December 2021

Background:

In recent studies, it has been established that countries having Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination programs reported less COVID-19 cases and deaths per population Preliminary studies suggest that BCG vaccination could upregulate the vaccine-induced immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Hence, the recent study was aimed to determine the association of BCG vaccine with the development of COVID-19 in health care workers.

Methods:

The participants included in the study were healthcare workers (doctors, paramedics, and other supporting staff) working in the high and low-risk zones of COVID-19 in the hospital. The Graph Pad statistical analysis tool was used to determine the association of preliminary BCG vaccination with their COVID-19 status.

Results:

A total of 200 health care workers working in different departments of the hospital were enrolled in the study. The relative risk of COVID-19 positivity in BCG vaccinated versus unvaccinated was 0.79 (0.50–1.25). There was also a significant negative correlation between two groups. The relative risk of COVID-19 positivity in those with a BCG scar was 0.63 (0.44–0.92). The relative risk of COVID-19 infection in those with a history of tuberculosis was 1.08 (0.56–2.09).

Conclusion:

The present study did not support the beneficial effect of BCG vaccine in protection against the development of COVID-19 disease.
Five-Year Trend Analysis of Tuberculosis in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia, 2015–2019
Authors: Mengesha Dagmawi , Manyazewal Tsegahun , Woldeamanuel Yimtubezinash
Published: December 2021

Background:

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia despite the increased availability of effective treatments. Trend analysis of issues and priorities affecting TB programs across different regions of the country is critical to ensure equitable and sustainable TB outcomes. We aimed to analyze the trends of TB in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia, over 5 years from 2015 to 2019.

Methods:

An institution-based, retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Bahir Dar, the capital city of the Amhara Region in Ethiopia. Five-year data and records of individual TB cases were reviewed from all public and private health-care facilities and health bureaus in Bahir Dar. Using a standard checklist adapted from the World Health Organization, data were abstracted relevant to sociodemographic characteristics of the patients, year and type of TB infection, and HIV status. SPSS version 20 software was used for data analysis.

Results:

Data of 4275 patients with TB were identified, of which 929 (21.7%) were smear-positive pulmonary TB, 1195 (28%) were smear-negative pulmonary TB, and 2151 (50.3%) were extrapulmonary TB patients. TB was more prevalent in the age group 15–34 years (51.2%), and females (55.5%). In the years from 2015 to 2019, the prevalence of all forms of TB was 922 (21.6%), 812 (19.0%), 843 (19.7%), 876 (20.5%), and 822 (19.2%), respectively, demonstrating a decreasing trend though inconsistent. The variables sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.734, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.390–2.187]), HIV co-infection (AOR: 1.875, 95% CI [1.553–2.265]), and age <15 years (AOR: 1.372, 95% CI [1.121–1.680]) showed a significant association with TB infection.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of TB in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia, demonstrated a decreasing trend over the years from 2015 to 2019 but with inconsistencies. HIV co-infection significantly increased the risk of developing TB, and productive age groups and females were at the greater prevalence of TB, highlighting the importance of strengthening sustainable TB care and prevention interventions toward these groups of people.
Prediction of Tuberculosis Cases Based on Sociodemographic and Environmental Factors in Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Mohidem Nur Adibah , Osman Malina , Muharam Farrah Melissa , Elias Saliza Mohd , Shaharudin Rafiza , Hashim Zailina
Published: December 2021

Background:

Early prediction of tuberculosis (TB) cases is very crucial for its prevention and control. This study aims to predict the number of TB cases in Gombak based on sociodemographic and environmental factors.

Methods:

The sociodemographic data of 3325 TB cases from January 2013 to December 2017 in Gombak district were collected from the MyTB web and TB Information System database. Environmental data were obtained from the Department of Environment, Malaysia; Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Malaysia; and Malaysian Metrological Department from July 2012 to December 2017. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) were used to develop the prediction model of TB cases. The models that used sociodemographic variables as the input datasets were referred as MLR1 and ANN1, whereas environmental variables were represented as MLR2 and ANN2 and both sociodemographic and environmental variables together were indicated as MLR3 and ANN3.

Results:

The ANN was found to be superior to MLR with higher adjusted coefficient of determination (R
2) values in predicting TB cases; the ranges were from 0.35 to 0.47 compared to 0.07 to 0.14, respectively. The best TB prediction model, that is, ANN3 was derived from nationality, residency, income status, CO, NO2, SO2, PM10, rainfall, temperature, and atmospheric pressure, with the highest adjusted R
2 value of 0.47, errors below 6, and accuracies above 96%.

Conclusions:

It is envisaged that the application of the ANN algorithm based on both sociodemographic and environmental factors may enable a more accurate modeling for predicting TB cases.
Lichen Scrofulosorum
Authors: Rakhesh Santha Velappan , Moideen Hidayathullah Pallithottangal Kunju , Khader Aysha , Uvais Nalakath Arakkal
Published: December 2021

Cutaneous tuberculosis (TB) known as tuberculid forms 1%–1.5% of all extrapulmonary manifestation of TB. Tuberculids result from a hypersensitivity reaction to an extracutaneous source of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in individuals with high immunity and can be difficult to diagnose. Lichen scrofulosorum (LS) is a rare form of tuberculid predominantly seen in children and young adults; we report a case of an 8-year-old boy evaluated for fever and mediastinal lymphadenopathy in whom the skin lesions, LS, served as an important clue for the diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis.
The Role of Interferon-Gamma and Interferon-Gamma Receptor in Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections
Authors: Ghanavi Jalaledin , Farnia Poopak , Farnia Parissa , Velayati Ali Akbar
Published: December 2021

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) remain the leading causes of lung disease and mortality worldwide. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and its receptor (IFN-γR) play a key role in mediating immunity against Mtb and NTM. This study was conducted as a systematic review; all information was collected from databases such as: PubMed, Scopus, Medline, SID, and medical databases. Finally, all the collected data were reviewed, and all content was categorized briefly. There is growing evidence that IFN-γ plays an important role in host defense against these two intracellular pathogens by activating macrophages. In addition, IFN-γ has been shown to be an integral part of various antibacterial methods such as granuloma formation and phagosome-lysosome fusion, both of which lead to the death of intracellular Mycobacterium. As a result, its absence is associated with overgrowth of intracellular pathogens and disease caused by Mtb or Mycobacterium nontuberculosis. We also look at the role of IFN-γR in Mtb or NTM because IFN-γ acts through IFN-γR. Finally, we introduce new approaches to the treatment of M. tuberculosis complex (MTC) and NTM disease, such as cell and gene-based therapies that work by modulating IFN-γ and IFN-γR.
The Burden of Mycobacteria Species among Children from Postvaccination Abscess in Southern India
Authors: Kavitha Kannaiyan , Ragunathan Latha , Elantheriyan Paramasivam , Gopalakrishnan Kuppusamy , Gopala Kumaraswamy Ajay , Balamurugan Indrajith Devandra , Navya Ragunadha Reddy , Marcella Sherin Samuel , Venkatachalam Gobichettipalayam Kanniappan
Published: December 2021

Background:

From the time vaccines were introduced, their impact has been beyond measurable. Mycobacteria are pathogens increasingly isolated from postvaccination abscess. Identification of these pathogens plays a very crucial role in the management of these babies. We aimed to determine Mycobacterial spp occurrence from vaccination abscess, draw local antibiogram, and guide management of babies with vaccination abscess.

Methods:

Babies with postvaccination abscess from 2016 to 2020 were included. Pus collected during incision and drainage was processed as per the standard guidelines. Mycobacterium isolates were identified by conventional methods, and all samples were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. All babies underwent incision and drainage, and all were started with amoxicillin and clavulanic acid and changed later as per the sensitivity report.

Results:

Mycobacterium abscessus was isolated from 17% (12) pus samples from 71 postdiphtheria pertussis and tetanus vaccination, and Mycobacterium bovis was isolated from 83.3% (10) babies with post-Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccination. The mean interval between injection and abscess formation was 32.75 days in case of M. abscessus, whereas it was 50.4 days in case of M. bovis. All the M. abscessus were sensitive to linezolid, amikacin, and clarithromycin, whereas no treatment except incision and drainage was required for M. bovis.

Conclusion:

There is an increased incidence of Mycobacterial spp infection in postvaccination abscess. All babies with M abscessus responded well with combination antibiotic therapy plus drainage of abscesses, whereas M. bovis was treated by incision and drainage, and no further antibiotics were given.
Evaluation of Radiological Sequelae after Treatment Completion in New Cases of Pulmonary and Pleural Tuberculosis
Authors: Tandon Rajeev , Agarwal Anoushka , Nirala Pradeep , Sinha Ansha
Published: December 2021

Background:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the residual parenchymal and pleural lesions on chest X-ray posttherapy in new tuberculosis (TB) cases.

Methods:

This prospective study was done from January 2018 to December 2020, which involved the evaluation of medical records of 60 pulmonary or pleural TB patients who underwent successful treatment. Chest X-rays of the patients at the start and end of treatment were studied as per the guidelines by Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program. The primary outcome measures were residual chest X-ray lesions after the complete treatment of new cases of TB. Secondary outcomes measures were significant factors affecting the chest X-ray clearance.

Results:

Chest X-ray showed clearing in 48.33% of cases. Residual chest X-ray findings were present in 31 cases which mainly included fibrosis in 23.33% and pleural thickening in 20%. None of the clinical and demographic characters and biochemical parameters showed significant association with chest X-ray clearance (P> 0.05). Sputum microscopy was done in 45 cases of which 25 (41.66%) were positive for acid-fast bacilli. Sputum positivity showed no significant correlation with chest X-ray clearance (odds ratio [OR]: 0.734, confidence interval [CI]: 0.224–2.411,P= 0.592). Compared to nonstandardized regimen, standardized regimen showed no significant correlation with chest X-ray clearance (OR: 0.664; CI: 0.233–1.892,P= 0.426).

Conclusion:

Residual radiological sequelae were seen in more than half of the study subjects who were successfully treated for TB (51.67%). Demographic, clinical characteristics, sputum positivity, and treatment regimen showed no significant association with chest X-ray clearance.
The espD Full Gene as a Potential Biomarker in Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Mertaniasih Ni Made , Surya Suameitria Dewi Desak Nyoman , Soedarsono Soedarsono , Kurniati Anita , Rohman Ali , Nuha Zakiyathun , Matsumoto Sohkichi
Published: December 2021

Background:

Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is still a major health problem worldwide. The espD has a potential to be a new biomarker because it is important for the espA, espC, and ESX-1 protein secretion system that are actively expressed in active multiplication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.

Methods:

A total of 55 sputum samples and 41 culture isolates from newly diagnosed PTB patients at Dr. Soetomo Academic Hospital were collected from September 2016 to April 2019. The tested samples using polymerase chain reaction targeted 555 bp of espD gene and sequencing. Clone Manager Version 6 and NCBI BLAST were used to align the gene sequence against wild-type M. tuberculosis. The prediction of T-cell epitope in espD gene was detected by GENETYX. The three-dimensional (3D) structure of espD was modeled by SWISS-MODEL and I-TASSER and was visualized with PyMOL.

Results:

From 55 sputum samples, 43 (78.18%) showed positive results, and all culture isolates showed positive results. In addition, all sequenced samples showed 100% homolog with M. tuberculosis H37Rv gene without detected variant or mutation. There were four T-cell epitopes that could be obtained. The 3D model had a I-TASSER confidence score of 3.91 with estimated RMSD of approximately 14.5 Å. The structure consists of a main fold of a three-stranded antiparallel β-sheet and a long α-helix surrounded by several minor secondary structures.

Conclusions:

This study provides a brief information about the sequence, epitope prediction, and 3D structure of EspD protein from M. tuberculosis strains in Indonesia.
H65 Fusion Protein Fails to Improve the Protection of a Rationally Attenuated Live Vaccine Candidate against Bovine Tuberculosis in a Mouse Model of Tuberculosis
Authors: García Elizabeth A. , Blanco Federico C. , Bigi Fabiana
Published: December 2021

Background:

The fusion protein H65, composed of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) ESX-secreted antigens, has improved the bacillus Calmette–Guerin-induced immune protection in a mouse model of bovine TB when formulated in the liposomal adjuvant CAF01. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the protective efficacy of an attenuated Mycobacterium bovis strain – a mutant in mce2 and phoP genes – combined with H65+CAF01 immunization. We evaluated the protection of MbΔmce2-phoP alone or combined with H65+CAF01 against M. bovis challenge in mice.

Methods:

Groups of BALBc mice were inoculated with the vaccine candidates or phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and 6 weeks after the last immunization, the animals were aerogenically challenged with virulent M. bovis. Bacterial load in organs was counted after 45 days of the challenge. One-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni's posttest were used for statistical analysis.

Results:

All vaccinated mice showed reduced bacterial loads in lungs compared to unvaccinated animals. However, the protection level was similar between vaccinated groups.

Conclusions:

The MbΔmce2-phoP strain combined with three doses of H65+CAF01 induced equivalent protection than the MbΔmce2-phoP strain alone. Thus, the use of combined vaccination strategies requires a careful analysis of the potential interactions of each of their components with the host's immune system.
Laboratory Diagnosis of Leprosy
Authors: Ule Belotti Naiara Cristina , Tonelli Nardi Susilene Maria , Arco Paschoal Vânia Del , Martins Montanha Janaína Olher , Paro Pedro Heloisa da , Gazetta Claudia Eli
Published: December 2021

Background:

The diagnosis of leprosy is based on the characteristic signs and symptoms of the disease, subsidized by laboratory tests. When positive, the bacilloscopy closes the diagnosis for leprosy. Phenolic glycolipid-I, or PGL-I, is a molecule in the bacillus cell wall that confers a greater immune response. The ML Flow test is an immunochromatographic test for the detection of anti-PGL-I IgM in human blood or serum.

Methods:

A prospective study with data collection and biological materials in patients with suspected leprosy from August 2020 to May 2021. For microscopy, intradermal smears were stained with Auramine O, and after reading under a fluorescence microscope, reviewed by Ziehl–Neelsen. The ML flow test was performed according to the Bührer-Sékula protocol. To assess the agreement between the methods, the Kappa index was estimated.

Results:

Of the 94 suspected leprosy patients, 31 (32.9%) were diagnosed with leprosy. There was moderate agreement between the results of the ML Flow and Auramine O tests (Kappa = 0.58) and substantial agreement between the ML Flow and Ziehl–Neelsen microscopy (Kappa = 0.72). In paucibacillary cases, serology was positive in 100% of patients.

Conclusions:

This study concluded that the Ziehl–Neelsen technique remains the best option for standard leprosy staining, and the ML flow test is more positive among the three techniques evaluated and can be an effective tool in the early diagnosis of leprosy cases.
Impact of Early Chest Radiography on Delay in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Case Notification in Ethiopia
Authors: Mohammed Hussen , Oljira Lemessa , Roba Kedir Teji , Ngadaya Esther , Tesfaye Dagmawit , Manyazewal Tsegahun , Yimer Getnet
Published: December 2021

Background:

One-third of tuberculosis (TB) cases are missed each year and delays in the diagnosis of TB are hampering the whole cascade of care. Early chest X-ray (CXR) in patients with cough irrespective of duration may reduce TB diagnostic and treatment delays and increase the number of TB patients put into TB care. We aimed to evaluate the impact of CXR on delay in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among people with cough of any duration.

Methods:

A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in four selected health facilities from two regions and two city administrations of Ethiopia. Patients who sought health care were screened for cough of any duration, and those with cough underwent CXR for PTB and their sputum specimens were tested for microbiological confirmation. Delays were followed up and calculated using median and inter-quartile range (IQR) to summarize (first onset of cough to first facility visit, ≥15 days), diagnosis delay (first facility visit to date of PTB diagnosis, >7 days), and total delay (first onset of cough to date of PTB diagnosis, >21 days). Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Witney tests were used to compare the delays among independent variables.

Results:

A total of 309 PTB cases were consecutively diagnosed of 1853 presumptive TB cases recruited in the study that were identified from 2647 people who reported cough of any duration. The median (IQR) of patient delay, diagnosis delay, and the total delay was 30 (16–44), 1 (0–3), and 31 (19–48) days, respectively. Patients' delay contributed a great role in the total delay, 201/209 (96.2%). Median diagnosis delay was higher among those that visited health center, diagnosed at a facility that had no Xpert mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)/RIF assay, radiologist, or CXR (P < 0.05). Factors associated with patients delay were history of previous TB treatment (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63–0.99) and history of weight loss (aPR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.0–1.25). Early CXR screening for cough of <2 weeks duration significantly reduced the patients' delay and thus the total delay, but not diagnostic delay alone.

Conclusion:

Early screening using CXR minimized delays in the diagnosis of PTB among people with cough of any duration. Patients' delay was largest and contributed great role in the delay of TB cases. Screening by cough of any duration and/or CXR among people seeking healthcare along with ensuring the availability of Xpert MTB/RIF assay and skilled human power at primary healthcare facilities are important to reduce patient and diagnostic delays of PTB in Ethiopia.
Performance of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis and Antituberculosis Treatment Initiation
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Kanade Swapna , Nataraj Gita
Published: December 2021

Background:

Extra-pulmonary TB(EPTB) accounts for 15-20% of total TB cases in India. Many cases remain undiagnosed due to poor sensitivity/long turn-around-time of conventional diagnostic tests. Molecular tests offer rapidity, improved sensitivity and exquisite specificity, but are expensive, require skilled manpower and enhanced laboratory infrastructure. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay is a unique, temperature-independent DNA amplification test facilitated by visual optic-readout. WHO has recommended use of LAMP for pulmonary TB diagnosis in 2016. For END-TB strategy to succeed, its necessary to capture all forms of TB. The aim of the study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of LAMP assay against culture, Xpert MTB/RIF assay and Composite Reference Standard(CRS) for diagnosis of EPTB.

Methods:

In a cross-sectional study hundred consecutive EPTB specimens were processed for microscopy, culture, Xpert and LAMP assay. Standard formulae of sensitivity and specificity and McNemar chi square test of significance was applied.

Results:

Hundred specimens included in the study were fluids(65), pus(19) and tissue(16). TB was detected in 38 specimens by any of the four methods. Positivity of microscopy-5%, culture-28%, Xpert-25% and LAMP-32%. Sensitivity and specificity of LAMP against culture was 85.71% and 88.89%; against Xpert was 88% and 86.67%; against CRS was 80% and 88.6% respectively. LAMP detected TB in 32 patients of which 28 were put on anti-TB treatment (ATT). Of the 62 patients with negative results in all the tests, 22 were put on ATT.

Conclusions:

LAMP has good sensitivity for EPTB diagnosis. Further studies are required to establish utility of LAMP as EPTB diagnostic tool.
Evaluation of Drug Susceptibility in Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Using the SLOMYCO and RAPMYCO Sensititre Plates
Authors: Garcia Carvalho Natalia Fernandes , Pedace Carolina Salgado , Barbosa de Almeida Andreia Ramos , dos Santos Simeão Fernanda Cristina , Chimara Erica
Published: December 2021

Background:

Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) cause different forms of diseases. According to recent guideline by ATS/ERS/ESCMID/IDSA, drug susceptibility test (DST) is an important requirement to choose adequate treatment. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test is the recommended method. Sensititre SLOMYCO and RAPMYCO commercial panels were developed to perform mycobacteria DST easier. However, there are only two comparative studies between SLOMYCO and the MIC method and none for the RAPMYCO panel. The present study aimed to evaluate the Sensititre SLOMYCO and RAPMYCO plates in determining drug susceptibility compared to the gold standard method (MIC).

Methods:

The tests were carried out with clinical isolates received in the diagnostic routine of the Tuberculosis Laboratory at Institute Adolfo Lutz from the most frequent species in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Reference strains were tested for repeatability and reproducibility analyses. MIC and Sensititre plates readings were compared with and without resazurin stain. Agreement between results was defined as MIC within the same dilution or dilution variation resulting the same category in both tests. Results were classified by categorical errors.

Results:

The RAPMYCO panel had 100% agreement for the drugs amikacin, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 83.3% for clarithromycin and moxifloxacin and 60% for cefoxitin. The SLOMYCO panel had 80% agreement for amikacin and moxifloxacin and 60% for clarithromycin, rifabutin, rifampicin and ciprofloxacin. The repeatability and reproducibility with RAPMYCO and SLOMYCO plates showed a high level of agreement for the drugs tested, being higher with the use of resazurin. However, an evaluation on routine condition is needed.

Conclusions:

The present study found that the fewer steps in the tests with Sensititre plates and reading with resazurin allow its use with greater safety and efficiency in the laboratory routine. The results presented here will facilitate the execution of a validation for complete incorporation of Sensititre plates into a diagnostic routine.
Assessing Impacts of Different Land Use Types on Soil Properties ın Asa and Moro Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Folasade Mary OWOADE  , Abolakale Olaolu ABOLARIN
Published: December 2021

Successful agriculture requires the sustainable use of soil resource, because soil can easily lose its quality and quantity within a short period of time. Agricultural practices, therefore, needed basic knowledge of sustainable use of land.           This research was conducted in Asa and Moro Local Government Areas of Kwara State to assess the impacts of different land use types on soil properties in the study area. Six villages noted for farming were randomly visited and in each village, three farms planted each with maize-cassava intercrop, cashew plantation and natural forest were sampled at 0-20 cm depth for laboratory analysis of particle size, pH, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, exchangeable cations and extractable micronutrients. The bulk density at 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm and 10-15 cm depths were determined. Soil properties were analysed using descriptive statistics. The soil texture was sandy loam with soil pH ranging from slightly acid to acid (6.4 to 5.1). Irrespective of the local government areas and land use, organic carbon (1.83 g kg-1), Sodium (0.12 cmol kg-1), Nitrogen (0.12 g kg-1) and Phosphorus (6.15 mg kg-1) were low while Fe (134.80 mg kg-1), Mn (122.80 mg kg-1) and Zn (19.22 mg kg-1) were high. Across the local government areas, Potassium and Magnesium varied from medium to high while Calcium and Copper were low to medium. The bulk density range was medium to high (1.36 to 1.57 g cm-3) for cashew plantations and maize-cassava intercrop while it was medium (1.40 to 1.47 g cm-3) for natural forest. In conclusion, most of the cultivated soils were low in fertility, with low carbon stocks which is assumed to be due to emission losses arising from continuous cropping. The carbon sequestration status of land uses in the study area was very low. Management practices like composting, green manuring, use of organic fertilizer and residue retention is recommended.
Households’ Perception of Fruits and Vegetables Consumption in Olorunda Local Government Area, Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Idris-Adeniyi Kaothar , Busari, A.O.  , Alabi, A.A.
Published: December 2021

This study assessed respondents’ perception of fruits and vegetables consumption in the study area. Relevant data were collected from one hundred and twenty (120) randomly sampled households. Data were analyzed as appropriate. Results showed that 68.3% of the respondents were females, 96.7% had varying degrees of formal education while means of household size and monthly income were 4±2 persons and ₦57,500±23,300, respectively. Respondents had strong perception for the facts that vegetables can be easily incorporated into meals than fruits, fruits have more nutritional benefits than vegetables and too much consumption of fruits and vegetables lead to running stomach and watery stool ranking 1st, 2nd and 3rd, respectively but weak perception for the facts that fruits can be easily incorporated into meals than vegetables, excessive consumption of fruits and vegetables can cause stomach ulcer and fruits and vegetables are often costlier than real food items ranked 8th, 9th and 10th, respectively. Seasonality, availability and taste and preference were the major constraints to fruits and vegetables consumption in the study area. The study concluded that there were misperceptions on consumption of fruits and vegetables and recommended value re-orientation on nutritional and health benefits of fruits and vegetables consumption in the study area.
Hatay İli Kırıkhan-Reyhanlı Bölgesi Topraklarının Besin Elementi Durumları ve Bunların Bazı Toprak Özellikleri ile İlişkileri
Authors: Mehmet YALÇIN  , Kerim Mesut ÇİMRİN
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmada Hatay ili Kırıkhan-Reyhanlı bölgesi topraklarının bazı makro ve mikro besin elementlerinin içeriklerinin ve toprağın bazı özelikleri ile ilişkilerinin saptanarak, verimlilik durumlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Kırıkhan-Reyhanlı bölgesi topraklarını temsil edecek şekilde iki derinlikten (0-20 ve 20-40 cm) ve 30 noktadan olmak üzere toplamda 60 toprak örneği alınmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; toprakların % N içerikleri 0.03-1.12 ile P 0.19-0.86 mg/kg; K 170-1082 mg/kg; Ca 3795-5818 mg/kg; Mg 268-2276 mg/kg; Cu 1.11-3.77 mg/kg; Fe 2.80-15.09 mg/kg; Mn 4.17-21.57 mg/kg ve Zn 0.33-1.58 mg/kg arasında belirlenmiştir. Kırıkhan-Reyhanlı bölgesi topraklarının % 5.00’inin N içeriği çok düşük, % 13.33’ü düşük, % 23.34’ü orta, % 31.66’sı yüksek, % 26.67’si ise çok yüksek durumdadır. Toprakların değişebilir K içeriği yönünden bakıldığında % 3.33’ü düşük, % 20.00’si orta, % 31.67’si yüksek ve % 45.00’i ise çok yüksek düzeyde belirlenmiştir. Topraklar alınabilir Zn yönünden noksan, alınabilir Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe ve Mn içerikleri bakımından ise herhangi bir noksanlığa rastlanmamıştır. Ayrıca, toprakların toplam N ile tuz içerikleri, alınabilir P ile kum içerikleri, değişebilir Ca ile kum, silt ve kireç içerikleri, değişebilir Mg ile kum, silt ve kireç içerikleri, alınabilir Cu ile kum ve kireç içerikleri, alınabilir Fe ile tuz içerikleri, alınabilir Mn ile pH ve kil içerikleri ve alınabilir Zn ile kil ve KDK içerikleri arasında negatif önemli ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Toprakların değişebilir K ile tuz içerikleri, değişebilir Ca ile tuz, kil ve KDK içerikleri, değişebilir Mg ve alınabilir Cu ile pH, tuz, kil ve KDK içerikleri, alınabilir Fe ile pH içerikleri, alınabilir Mn ile silt ve organik madde içerikleri ve alınabilir Zn ile kum, kireç ve organik madde içerikleri arasında ise pozitif önemli ilişkiler belirlenmiştir.
The Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilization on The Yield and Some Yield Components of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) In Van Conditions
Authors: Cihan YEŞILBAŞ  , Yeşim TOGAY
Published: December 2021

The study was conducted to determine effects of organic and inorganic fertilization on the yield and some yield components in lentil cultivars in 2014-15 growing seasons in Van. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomised block design with three replications. The study was conducted to determine effects of different fertilizer sources (Control, DAP, Chicken manure and sheep manure) on the yield and some yield components in two lentil cultivars (Özbek and Kafkas). In the study were investigated the plant height, first pod height, branch number per plant, pod and seed number per plant, seed number per pod, biological yield, seed yield per unit, harvest index, 1000-seed weight and protein ratio in seed. The highest seed yield was obtained from chicken manure application of Özbek cultivar with 157.6 kg da-1.
Evaluation of the In Vitro Fungicidal Activity of Summer Savory and Lavender Essential Oils Against Fusarium solani
Authors: Gözdenur ÇAKAR  , Işıl SARAÇ SİVRİKAYA  , Ersin KARAKAYA  , Abdullah GÜLLER
Published: December 2021

Fusarium spp is one of the major phytopathogenic microfungus strains causing severe losses in many economically cultivated crops. The soil-borne pathogen Fusarium solani has historically been considered a serious agent across the globe, causing vascular wilt and root rot in agroeconomic crops and eventually leading to plant death. Three different concentrations (1 µl, 2 µl, and 4 µl) of essential oils (EO) extracted from lavender (Lavandula officinalis L.) and summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) plants were mixed separately with PDA medium, and their antifungal effect against F. solani was investigated in vitro. When the results of the experiment were evaluated statistically, it was determined that the increasing concentrations of summer savory essential oil repressed the mycelial growth of the fungus, while lavender oil did not have any positive or negative effects. The inhibition activity of summer savory EO on F. solani was calculated as 43, 53, and 90% at the concentrations of 1, 2, and 4 µl, respectively. In this study, it was found that summer savory EO, even at a minimum dose, had a negative effect on agriculturally important wilt agent. In this context, it can be asserted that summer savory EO is a promising natural substance for the development of various fungicide solutions to prevent fungal diseases caused by vascular origin.