bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A revision of the genus Ora Clark, 1865 (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) in Argentina (part II)—redescriptions, updated distributions and a key to species
Authors: LIBONATTI MARÍA LAURA
Published: July 2015

This second part of the revision of the Argentine species of Ora Clark, 1865 provides detailed redescriptions, habitus photos, illustrations of male and female genitalia for eight species, an identification key and updated distributions for all the species. A lectotype is hereby designated for Ora bruchi Pic, 1928. Scirtes brevenotatus v. mediolineatus Pic, 1928 and S. brevenotatus wagneri Pic, 1928 are here raised to species level and transferred to Ora. The females of Ora atroapicalis, O. depressa, O. mediolineata, O. platensis, O. semibrunnea and O. wagneri are described. Ora bivittata Pic, 1922 is newly recorded from Argentina and several provincial records are added to the geographical range of early known species. Eleven species of Ora are now recognized to occur in Argentina: O. atroapicalis Pic, 1928, O. bivittata Pic, 1922, O. brevieminentia Libonatti, 2014, O. bruchi Pic, 1928, O. depressa (Fabricius, 1801), O. mediolineata (Pic, 1928) comb. n., O. megadepressa Libonatti, 2014, O. platensis Brèthes, 1925, O. semibrunnea Pic, 1922, O. sigmoidea Libonatti, 2014 and O. wagneri (Pic, 1928) comb. n.
A new species and additional records of the genus Collyria Schiødte, 1839 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from Turkey
Authors: YURTCAN MURAT , KOLAROV JANKO
Published: July 2015

A new species, Collyria pronotalis Yurtcan and Kolarov sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Collyriinae), from Turkey is described and illustrated. A key for identification of the species of Collyria Schiødte, 1839 is provided. Moreover, additional records are reported for Collyria coxator (Villers, 1789) from Turkey.
A Model for the Complete Radial Structure of the Tropical Cyclone Wind Field. Part I: Comparison with Observed Structure*
Authors: Chavas Daniel R. , Lin Ning , Emanuel Kerry
Published: July 2015

Part I of this work develops a simple model for the complete radial structure of the low-level tropical cyclone wind field. The model is constructed by mathematically merging existing theoretical solutions for the radial wind structure at the top of the boundary layer in the inner ascending and outer descending regions. The model is then compared with two observational datasets. First, the outer solution is compared with a global database from the QuikSCAT satellite (1999–2009) and found to reproduce the characteristic wind structure of the broad outer region of tropical cyclones at large radii, indicating that the solution successfully captures the physics of this region. Second, the inner solution is compared with the HWind database (2004–12) for the Atlantic and eastern Pacific basins and is shown to be capable of reproducing the inner-core structure while substantially underestimating wind speeds at larger radii. The complete model is then shown to largely, though not entirely, rectify this underestimation. Limitations of the model are discussed, including the need for a formal evaluation of the physics of the inner core as well as a transition-region model at intermediate radii characterized by intermittent convection, such as spiral rainbands. Part II will characterize the model’s modes of wind field variability and their relationship to the variability observed in nature.
An Oceanic Impact of the Kuroshio on Surface Air Temperature on the Pacific Coast of Japan in Summer: Regional H2O Greenhouse Gas Effect
Authors: Takahashi Hiroshi G. , Adachi Sachiho A. , Sato Tomonori , Hara Masayuki , Ma Xieyao , Kimura Fujio
Published: July 2015

This study used a 4-km resolution regional climate model to examine the sensitivity of surface air temperature on the Pacific coast of Japan to sea surface temperature (SST) south of the Pacific coast of Japan during summer. The authors performed a control simulation (CTL) driven by reanalysis and observational SST datasets. A series of sensitivity experiments using climatological values from the CTL SST datasets over a 31-yr period was conducted. The interannual variation in surface air temperature over the Pacific coast was well simulated in CTL. The interannual variation in SST over the Kuroshio region amplified the interannual variation in surface air temperature over the Pacific coast. It was found that 30% of the total variance of interannual variation in surface air temperature can be controlled by interannual variation in SST. The calculated surface air temperature on the Pacific coast increased by 0.4 K per 1-K SST warming in the Kuroshio region. Note that this sensitivity was considerably greater during nighttime than during daytime. Concurrent with the warming in surface air temperature, downward longwave radiation at the surface was also increased. In summer, the increase in latent heat flux was considerably larger than that in sensible heat flux over the ocean because of SST warming, according to the temperature dependence of the Bowen ratio. This implies that the primary factor for the increase in surface air temperature in summer is increased moisture in the lower troposphere, indicating that the regional warming was caused by an increase in H2O greenhouse gas.
Implementation in the NCEP GFS of a Hybrid Eddy-Diffusivity Mass-Flux (EDMF) Boundary Layer Parameterization with Dissipative Heating and Modified Stable Boundary Layer Mixing
Authors: Han Jongil , Witek Marcin L. , Teixeira Joao , Sun Ruiyu , Pan Hua-Lu , Fletcher Jennifer K. , Bretherton Christopher S.
Published: July 2015

The current operational eddy-diffusivity countergradient (EDCG) planetary boundary layer (PBL) scheme in the NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS) tends to underestimate the PBL growth in the convective boundary layer (CBL). To improve CBL growth, an eddy-diffusivity mass-flux (EDMF) PBL scheme is developed, where the nonlocal transport by large turbulent eddies is represented by a mass-flux (MF) scheme and the local transport by small eddies is represented by an eddy-diffusivity (ED) scheme. For the vertical momentum mixing, the MF scheme is modified to include the effect of the updraft-induced pressure gradient force. While the EDMF scheme displays better CBL growth than the EDCG scheme, it tends to overproduce the amount of low clouds and degrades wind vector forecasts over the tropical ocean where strongly unstable PBLs are rarely found. In order not to degrade the forecast skill in the tropics, a hybrid scheme is developed, where the EDMF scheme is applied only for the strongly unstable PBL, while the EDCG scheme is used for the weakly unstable PBL. Along with the hybrid EDMF scheme, the heating by turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation is parameterized to reduce an energy imbalance in the GFS. To enhance a too weak vertical turbulent mixing for weakly and moderately stable conditions, the current local scheme in the stable boundary layer (SBL) is modified to use an eddy-diffusivity profile method. The hybrid EDMF PBL scheme with TKE dissipative heating and modified SBL mixing led to significant improvements in some key medium-range weather forecast metrics and was operationally implemented into the NCEP GFS in January 2015.
Problematic identities in the novels of Alessandro Perissinotto
Authors: Castagnino Angelo
Published: July 2015

This article proposes an analysis of characterization in the narrative production of Alessandro Perissinotto. In particular, it aims to establish a relation between the construction of problematic identities and implications of socio-historical relevance. The increasing difficulty of dealing with individual identity in narrative suggests a comparison with Italy’s shared memory and several contemporary topics of social interest. Such psychological conditions as the Electra complex, burnout, bipolar disorder, and the projection of one’s personality on a doppelgänger evince the difficulties of the study of identity in the contemporary novel. The internal struggle of the character overlaps with social perceptions of mental illness, drug addiction, and recent immigration, as well as the legacy of fascism and terrorism on today’s Italy.
J. M. Coetzee’s Age of Iron and the poetics of resistance
Authors: Smuts Eckard
Published: July 2015

Since the beginning of his career, J. M. Coetzee’s writing has occupied an uneasy threshold between the literary ideals of European modernism, with its emphasis on aesthetic autonomy, and the demands of socio-historical accountability that derives from his background as a South African novelist. This article revisits one of Coetzee’s novels in which these tensions come to the fore most explicitly, namely Age of Iron, to argue that it is precisely from the generative friction that arises between these two opposing fields that his writing draws its singularly affective force. I begin by considering the agonistic relationship between transcendent ideals and socio-material demands that marks Coetzee’s account of the classic (“What is a Classic?: A Lecture”), describing it as a defining feature of his literary sensibility. The article then moves on to a reading of Age of Iron that focuses on the protagonist Mrs Curren’s efforts, in the midst of the violent political struggle in apartheid South Africa, to speak in her own voice. My thoughts conclude with the suggestion that Coetzee’s perennial staging of the conflict between a desire for autonomous expression and a socio-historical milieu that is indifferent to that desire can be read as an imaginative form of resistance, in the field of literary expression, to both the pressures of historical determinism and the dangers of postmodern insularity.
Third-party Intervention in Civil Wars and the Prospects for Postwar Development
Authors: Kim Sang Ki
Published: July 2015

How does third-party intervention in civil war influence citizens’ physical quality of life (QOL) after civil war? I find that the effects of intervention on postwar QOL depend on its type, unilateral intervention, and United Nations (UN) intervention. Unilateral interveners seeking self-interest tend to impede the improvement in postwar QOL particularly in terms of life expectancy and infant mortality rate. They are likely to do so through producing their protégé’s military victory or negotiated settlement, expanding their influence on postwar government, and resultingly forming a government less responsive to citizens’ hardship and reducing resources available for welfare. UN intervention on humanitarian grounds tends to promote postwar social development particularly in the fields of public health, although it has no significant effect on literacy rate. It is likely to do so by increasing resources available for postwar reconstruction, even though it goes where postwar social development is relatively difficult.
Protective legal regulation for home-based workers in Australian textile, clothing and footwear supply chains
Authors: Nossar Igor , Johnstone Richard , Macklin Anna , Rawling Michael
Published: July 2015

Supply chain outsourcing has posed problems for conventional labour regulation, which focuses on employers contracting directly with workers, particularly employees. These difficulties have been exacerbated by the traditional trifurcated approach to regulation of pay and conditions, work health and safety and workers’ compensation. This paper analyses the parallel interaction of two legal developments within the Australian textile, clothing and footwear industry. The first is mandatory contractual tracking mechanisms within state and federal labour laws and the second is the duties imposed by the harmonised Work Health and Safety Acts. Their combined effect has created an innovative, fully enforceable and integrated regulatory framework for the textile, clothing and footwear industry and, it is argued, other supply chains in different industry contexts. This paper highlights how regulatory solutions can address adverse issues for workers at the bottom of contractual networks, such as fissured workplaces and capital fragmentation, by enabling regulators to harness the commercial power of business controllers at the apex to ensure compliance throughout the entire chain.
Positioning women homeworkers in a global footwear production network: How can homeworkers improve agency, influence and claim rights?
Authors: Delaney Annie , Burchielli Rosaria , Connor Tim
Published: July 2015

This article analyses the position of women footwear homeworkers, using global production networks as a conceptual lens. Using qualitative data collected in India during 2011 to 2014, it illustrates the asymmetry of power between network actors and attests to the poverty, invisibility and lack of acknowledgement and representation characterising leather footwear homework. It represents leather footwear homeworkers as working from the margins of these networks, with weak links to most other actors in the networks. The paper interrogates how marginalised and informal workers might increase their agency and participation capacity in global production networks, and proposes that this can occur through support and organising undertaken by appropriate non-governmental organisations.
Does better quality contracting improve pay and HR practices? Evidence from for-profit and voluntary sector providers of adult care services in England
Authors: Grimshaw Damian , Rubery Jill , Ugarte Sebastian M
Published: July 2015

This article investigates the complex interaction between contracting arrangements and quality of human resources (HR) practices. It draws on quantitative and qualitative empirical evidence for the adult social care sector in England where most services are purchased by local authorities and delivered by private for-profit and voluntary sector organisations. The study finds sufficient evidence among surveyed care providers that higher fees and partnership-oriented contracting have positive influences on pay levels and quality of HR practices to suggest that better local authority contracting may be an enabling condition for the improvement of employment standards. However, the relatively weak statistical associations suggest other factors mediate, or distort, the anticipated relationship between quality of contracting and quality of HR practices. The type of provider is identified as a key mediator: private, for-profit providers and those managed by a national chain are least likely to distribute the benefits of better quality contracting fairly through improved employment standards.
Chain reaction: A strategic approach to addressing employment noncompliance in complex supply chains
Authors: Hardy Tess , Howe John
Published: July 2015

There is an emerging consensus that targeting the direct employer of workers in enforcement action may be both inefficient and ineffective in achieving compliance with employment standards. This article explores some new and innovative ways that the Australian employment standards enforcement agency – the Office of the Fair Work Ombudsman (FWO) – has sought to address the problem of employment non-compliance in complex supply chains. In particular, we examine three distinct mechanisms used by the FWO, namely: supply chain litigation, enforceable undertakings and proactive compliance deeds. We argue that these initiatives illustrate the way in which regulatory agencies can better target their resources and maximise the general deterrence of enforcement action by focusing not only on the direct employer, but on those firms which are in a position to influence compliance behaviour more broadly.
Supply chains, production networks and the employment relationship
Authors: Wright Chris F , Kaine Sarah
Published: July 2015

Supply chains, production networks and other complex inter-organisational relationships are defining features of contemporary business organisations. This article reviews the scholarship on the impact of supply chain pressures on work, employment relations and human resource management, with a particular emphasis on domestic-oriented supply chains. It focuses on several themes: key theoretical frameworks for analysing supply chains and employment relations; the relationship between outsourcing and business strategies; the implications of different supply chain configurations for the employment relationship; the challenges of regulating labour standards in supply chains; and the strategies adopted by unions, civil society organisations and regulatory agencies in response to these pressures. It also provides an overview of the articles contained in this special issue.
Doppler Tissue Evaluation of Atrial Conduction Properties in Patients With Non-alcoholic Fatty-liver Disease
Authors: Ozveren Olcay , Izgi Cemil , Eroglu Elif , Simsek Mustafa Aytek , Turer Ayca , Kucukdurmaz Zekeriya , Cinar Veysel , Degertekin Muzaffer
Published: July 2015

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in clinical practice, and there is an increasing trend in its prevalence in the general population. Recent studies have demonstrated increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) in NAFLD. However, information on the mechanism of increased risk of AF in NAFLD is lacking. Impaired atrial conduction is an important factor in the pathophysiology of AF. We aimed to investigate atrial conduction properties in patients with NAFLD by tissue Doppler echocardiography. Fifty-nine ultrasound diagnosed NAFLD patients without clinical diagnosis of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or cardiac disease and 22 normal subjects as controls were included in this study. Atrial conduction properties were assessed by electromechanical delay (EMD) derived from Doppler tissue echocardiography examination and P-wave dispersion (PWD) calculated from the 12-lead electrocardiogram. Inter-atrial and intra-atrial EMD intervals were significantly longer in NAFLD patients than in controls (inter-atrial EMD, 31.9 ± 8.5 ms vs. 23.4 ± 4.6 ms, p = 0.0001, and intra-atrial EMD, 14.3 ± 5.2 vs. 10.2 ± 4.0 ms, p = 0.001). Similarly, PWD was significantly higher in NAFLD patients compared with controls (49.2 ± 6.3 ms vs. 43.3 ± 4.2 ms, p = 0.0001). Maximum left atrial volume was also significantly higher in the NAFLD group than in controls (51 ± 11 mL vs. 34 ± 9 mL, p < 0.0001). This study demonstrated that atrial conduction is impaired in patients with NAFLD. Also, in a patient population of NAFLD without any clinical diagnosis of cardiac disease, diabetes, or hypertension, left atrial volume was increased compared with controls. These findings suggest impaired atrial conduction as a factor in increased risk of AF in NAFLD.
Elementary school teachers adapt their instructional support according to students’ academic skills
Authors: Kiuru Noona , Nurmi Jari-Erik , Leskinen Esko , Torppa Minna , Poikkeus Anna-Maija , Lerkkanen Marja-Kristiina , Niemi Pekka
Published: July 2015

This study examined the longitudinal associations between children’s academic skills and the instructional support teachers gave individual students. A total of 253 Finnish children were tested on reading and math skills twice in the first grade and once in the second grade. The teachers of these children rated the instructional support that they gave each child in reading and mathematics. The results showed that the poorer the student’s reading and math skills were, the more support and attention the student received from his or her teacher later on. However, instructional support did not contribute positively to the subsequent development of the students’ academic skills. The person-oriented analyses showed that a relatively small group of children, that is, those showing the poorest academic skills, received the largest dose of teacher support, both with respect to reading and mathematics.
Focusing on teacher–student interactions eliminates the negative impact of students’ disruptive behavior on teacher perceptions
Authors: Hafen Christopher A. , Ruzek Erik A. , Gregory Anne , Allen Joseph P. , Mikami Amori Yee
Published: July 2015

This study tests the impact of a randomly assigned professional development coaching intervention (MyTeachingPartner-Secondary; MTP-S) on teacher projections of their students’ educational attainment. Results indicate that students who report more behavior problems in the Fall of the academic year are projected by teachers to have lower future educational attainment in the Spring of the academic year. However, analyses further indicate that participation in the MTP-S intervention moderates the association between Fall student behavior problems and teachers’ Spring projections for student attainment, such that this link is not significant for students in classrooms where the teacher is participating in MTP-S. In fact, results indicate that teachers who participate in the intervention project better educational attainment for their students than teachers who are in a business-as-usual control condition, regardless of their students’ behavior. Findings are discussed in terms of the role that interventions targeting classroom interactions may play in altering teachers’ internal view of students, thus ultimately promoting adolescent development.
Reciprocal relations between student–teacher conflict, children’s social skills and externalizing behavior
Authors: Skalická Vĕra , Stenseng Frode , Wichstrøm Lars
Published: July 2015

Research suggests that the relation between student–teacher conflict and children’s externalizing behavior might be reciprocal, and possibly also between student–teacher conflict and children’s social skills. Because children with externalizing behavior also tend to display low levels of social skills, we do not know if one or both of these student characteristics are involved in shaping and being shaped by the relationship to the teacher. In this study, we addressed this by means of a three-wave cross-lagged longitudinal study from preschool to third grade, including measures of social skills, externalizing behavior and student–teacher conflict. Bidirectional relations were observed between student–teacher conflict and social skills from first grade to third grade, and between student–teacher conflict and externalizing behavior between preschool and first grade. However, results from a model including both social skills and externalizing behavior suggested that externalizing behavior is a stronger predictor of conflicted student–teacher relationship than children’s social skills. Student–teacher conflict was predictive of externalizing behavior as well as of later social skills. Effect of children’s first-grade externalizing behavior on third-grade student–teacher conflict was gender moderated, with stronger effects of externalizing behavior observed in girls, combined with higher stability in first-grade student–teacher conflict in boys.
Students’ evocative impact on teacher instruction and teacher–child relationships
Authors: Nurmi Jari-Erik , Kiuru Noona
Published: July 2015

Classroom research has typically focused on the role of teaching practices and the quality of instruction in children’s academic performance, motivation and adjustment—in other words, classroom interactions initiated by the teacher. The present article presents a model of classroom interactions initiated by the child, that is, the notion that a child’s characteristics and active efforts may evoke different instructional patterns and responses among teachers. Then follows a review of previous research on the role of children’s academic performance, their motivation and their socio-emotional characteristics in their teachers’ instruction methods and teacher–child relationships. Some of the mechanisms that may be responsible for these “evocative impacts” are discussed. Classroom interactions initiated by the child, and those initiated by the teacher will then be considered from the perspective of the transactional theory of teacher–child interactions. Finally, some conclusions are drawn concerning possible future classroom research.
Hormone Receptor Expression in Spontaneous Uterine Adenocarcinoma in Fischer 344 Rats
Authors: Willson Cynthia J. , Herbert Ronald A. , Cline J. Mark
Published: July 2015

Most uterine cancers, the most common gynecological malignancies in women in developed countries, are hormone-dependent endometrial adenocarcinomas (EACs) that express estrogen and progesterone receptors. Although rat strains exist with a high spontaneous incidence of EAC, the Fischer 344 (F344) strain, previously one of the most commonly used strains in carcinogenicity testing, is not a high-incidence strain. To better understand the biology of this neoplasm, we assessed estrogen receptor α (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and Ki-67 expression using immunohistochemistry in spontaneous EAC in 18 F344 rats used as control animals in 2-year National Toxicology Program bioassays. Of the 18 tumors, 9 were well-differentiated and 9 were poorly differentiated. Most tumors, 7/18, were ER+PR+, as observed in women. Of the remainder, 6/18 were ER+PR−, 2/18 were ER−PR+, and 3/18 were ER−PR−. Well-differentiated tumors were ER+ (8/9) more often than poorly differentiated tumors (5/9). The percentage of ER+ tumors (72%) in rats was similar to that seen in women, but rats less frequently had PR+ (50%) tumors than women. The heterogeneous estrogen and progesterone receptor immunophenotypes observed in F344 rats in this study highlight the importance of evaluating hormone receptor expression in animal models used for chemical evaluations.
Diagnostic Yield of Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Idiopathic Vocal Fold Paresis
Authors: Paddle Paul M. , Mansor Masaany B. , Song Phillip C. , Franco Ramon A.
Published: July 2015

Objective

To determine the diagnostic yield of computed tomography (CT) in establishing an etiology in patients with idiopathic unilateral vocal fold paresis (IUVFP). To determine the proportion of CT scans yielding incidental findings requiring further patient management.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Tertiary laryngology practice.

Subjects

Laryngology clinic patients under the care of the 2 senior authors.

Methods

All clinic patients were identified who had a diagnosis of IUVFP and underwent CT of the skull base to the upper mediastinum from 2004 to 2014. Demographic, historical, examination, and investigation data were extracted. CT reports and endoscopic recordings were reviewed. Patients were excluded if there were insufficient clinical findings recorded or if there was a known neurologic disorder, complete vocal fold immobility, or bilateral involvement.

Results

A total of 174 patients with IUVFP who had also undergone contrast‐enhanced CT were identified. Of the 174 patients, 5 had a cause for their paresis identified on CT. This equated to a diagnostic yield of 2.9% (95% confidence interval, 0.94% to 6.6%). Of the 174 patients, 48 had other incidental lesions identified that required further follow‐up, investigation, or treatment. This equated to an incidental yield of 27.6% (95% confidence interval, 21.1% to 34.9%).

Conclusion

This is the second and largest study to evaluate the diagnostic yield of CT in the evaluation of IUVFP. It demonstrates a low diagnostic yield and a high incidental yield. These findings suggest that the routine use of CT in the evaluation of idiopathic vocal fold paresis should be given careful consideration and that a tailored approach to investigation with good otolaryngologic follow‐up is warranted.
Upland desert late pre-classic Hohokam adaptations in the middle Gila
Authors: Pagoulatos Peter
Published: July 2015

Late pre-Classic Hohokam (A.D. 750–1150) upland desert adaptations of the middle Gila River Valley in southern Arizona are still rather poorly understood. Current site and feature distribution data from Florence Military Reservation indicate that late pre-Classic groups used the upland or bajada zone in a varied and complex manner. First, a variety of agricultural technology was employed, including floodwater farming, dry farming, and to a lesser degree, simple irrigation-based agriculture. Second, a wide range of occupation types have been encountered in these bajada zones, consisting of villages, farmsteads, field houses, agricultural field sites, and more specialized resource processing sites. And, third, a flexible mobility pattern existed, where primary habitations such as rancheria-like villages and small farmsteads were situated along alluvial fans of Cottonwood Canyon Wash. This habitation zone has produced a diversity of floodwater, dry, and irrigation-based farming practices associated with residential areas, trash mounds, and a ball court; the combination of farming technology and presumed ceremonial features may have contributed to group aggregation, at least on a seasonal basis. From this habitation zone, specialized task groups and domestic units repeatedly used field houses and large agricultural fields out on creosote flats, and smaller dry farming loci, on more elevated ridge tops.
Rating scales to measure side effects of antipsychotic medication: A systematic review
Authors: van Strien Astrid M , Keijsers Carolina JPW , Derijks Hieronymus J , van Marum Rob J
Published: July 2015

Introduction:

Many patients experience side effects during treatment with antipsychotics. This article reviews the clinical use and psychometric characteristics of rating scales used to assess side effects in patients treated with antipsychotics.

Methods:

A systematic literature search was performed using the electronic databases PubMed and Embase, with predefined search terms.

Results:

In total, 52 different scales were used in the 440 articles retrieved. For multiple side effects measured with one scale, the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser Side Effects Rating Scale for Clinicians was used the most, whereas the Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side Effect Rating Scale had the best psychometric characteristics (Cronbach’s α 0.81 and test–retest reliability 0.89). The Simpson Angus Scale was used the most to rate extrapyramidal side effects, although the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center scale had the best characteristics (Cronbach’s α 0.80, test–retest reliability 0.92 and inter-rater reliability 0.81–0.90). The Arizona Sexual Experience Scale was used the most to assess sexual dysfunction, but the Antipsychotics and Sexual Functioning Questionnaire and the Nagoya Sexual Functioning Questionnaire had the best characteristics.

Conclusion:

This review will help researchers and clinicians make a purpose-oriented choice of which scale to use.

Systematic review registration number:

CRD42014013010.
Longitudinal Relations Between Peer Victimization, Emotion Dysregulation, and Internalizing Symptoms Among Early Adolescents
Authors: Doyle Sarah T. , Sullivan Terri N.
Published: July 2015

The current study examined longitudinal relations between overt and relational victimization, sadness and anger dysregulation, and depressive and anxiety symptoms across 6 months among an ethnically diverse sample of sixth graders ( N = 485; 48% male; 65% African American). No direct longitudinal relations were found between peer victimization and internalizing symptoms or between internalizing symptoms and peer victimization, and these findings were consistent across gender and disability status. The relation between overt victimization and subsequent increases in relational victimization was stronger for youth with versus without high incidence disabilities. Significant indirect effects were found for overt victimization on both depressive and anxiety symptoms via sadness dysregulation. The strength of the indirect effects did not differ by gender. Findings highlight the merits of school-based violence prevention programs that address emotional management and are embedded within multi-tiered school environment interventions.
The Structure and Development of Dispositional Compassion in Early Adolescence
Authors: Bengtsson Hans , Söderström Micael , Terjestam Yvonne
Published: July 2015

Compassion may be directed at a broad range of targets. The present study investigated interrelations among other-directed compassion, self-compassion, and environmental compassion in early adolescence (age = 12-14; n = 256) and examined how the different manifestations of compassion related to age and sex during this age period. Dispositional compassion directed at different targets was assessed through self-reports and peer nominations. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis supported a model that portrayed dispositional compassion toward self, others, and the environment as three distinct but interrelated factors. Other-directed compassion and environmental compassion were higher in girls than in boys. There was a decrease in all forms of compassion with age. The drop in self-compassion was linked to negative self-perceptions in 13- and 14-year-old girls. The roles of experience and cognitive factors in linking different forms of dispositional compassion are discussed.
Relaxing the planar assumption: 3D state estimation for an autonomous surface vessel
Authors: Hitz Gregory , Pomerleau François , Colas Francis , Siegwart Roland
Published: July 2015

Autonomous Surface Vessels (ASVs) are increasingly being proposed as tools to automate environmental data collection, bathymetric mapping and shoreline monitoring. For many applications it can be assumed that the boat operates on a 2D plane. However, with the involvement of exteroceptive sensors like cameras or laser rangefinders, knowing the 3D pose of the boat becomes critical. In this paper, we formulate three different algorithms based on 3D extended Kalman filter state estimation for ASV localization. We compare them using field testing results with ground truth measurements, and demonstrate that the best performance is achieved with a model-based solution in combination with a complementary filter for attitude estimation. Furthermore, we present a parameter identification methodology and show that it also yields accurate results when used with inexpensive sensors. Finally, we present a long-term series (i.e. over a full year) of shoreline monitoring data sets and discuss the need for map maintenance routines based on a variant of the Iterative Closest Point algorithm.
Toward efficient navigation in uncertain gyre-like flows
Authors: Heckman Christoffer R. , Schwartz Ira B. , Hsieh M. Ani
Published: July 2015

We present the development and experimental validation of an autonomous surface/underwater vehicle control strategy that leverages the environmental dynamics and uncertainty to navigate in a stochastic fluidic environment. We assume that the workspace is composed of the union of a collection of disjoint regions, each bounded by Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs). LCSs are dynamical features in the flow field that behave like invariant manifolds in general time-invariant dynamical systems and delineate the boundaries of attraction basins. We analyze a passive particle’s noise-induced transition between adjacent LCS-bounded regions and show how most probable escape trajectories with respect to the transition probability between adjacent LCS-bounded regions can be determined. Additionally, we show how the likelihood of transition can be controlled through minimal actuation. The result is an energy efficient navigation strategy that leverages the inherent dynamics of the surrounding flow field for mobile sensors operating in a noisy fluidic environment. We experimentally validate the proposed vehicle control strategy and analyze its theoretical properties. Our results show that the single vehicle control parameter exhibits a predictable exponential scaling with respect to the escape times and is effective even in situations where the structure of the flow is not fully known and control effort is costly.
‘Reconciliation is the foundation!’: Courts of Justice and Unofficial Reconciliation Practices in Algeria and Sudan
Authors: Ben Hounet Yazid
Published: July 2015

This paper analyzes the interrelations of the customary practices of sulh, the reconciliation, and the work of courts of justice in Algeria and Sudan. It focuses on the idea that the courts’ work partly integrates the tradition of sulh – a practice grounded in custom and in Islamic normativities. The plurality of actors as well as of places – the place of the crime, the place of reconciliation, the court of justice – is taken into account to describe the interplay of official law enforcement and customary practices.
Inhibitory effects of Chikusetsusaponin IVa on lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory responses in THP-1 cells
Authors: Wang H , Qi J , Li L , Wu T , Wang Y , Wang X , Ning Q
Published: July 2015

This study investigated anti-inflammatory effects and possible mechanisms of Chikusetsusaponin IVa (Chi IVa), one of the main bioactive components in saponins from Panacis japonica (SPJ), which is used in traditional Tujia and Hmong Chinese medicine. To this end, changes in the inflammatory profiles of lipopolysacchride (LPS)-stimulated phrobol 12-myristate 13-acetate(PMA)-differented THP-1 macrophages were evaluated following Chi IVa treatment. The results showed that Chi IVa markedly decreased the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) at both the mRNA and protein level, which proved to be dose-dependent. Further studies revealed that Chi IVa strongly suppressed NF-κB activation and downregulated the phosphorylation of ERK, p38, and JNK. Our present study demonstrates that Chi IVa suppresses the production of iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells likely by inhibiting NF-κB activation and ERK, JNK, and p38 signal pathway phosphorylation.
Quantitative identification of delamination at different interfaces using guided wave signals in composite laminates
Authors: Li Bing , Ye Lin , Li Zheng , Ma Zhaoyang , Kalhori Hamed
Published: July 2015

This article presents the development of a quantitative method for identifying interfacial delamination in composite laminates. Splitting and merging occur as Lamb waves pass through the delamination. It is demonstrated from the dispersion curve of Lamb waves that the group velocities of A0 and S0 modes in the sub-laminates above and below the delamination area are different when the delamination interface is not at the thickness center of a symmetrical layup laminate. Changes in the time of flight (ToF) of A0 and S0 modes are caused by the parallel propagation of Lamb waves. Based on those changes in the ToF, delamination size can be evaluated even though the delamination location through the thickness is not pregiven. Numerical and experimental studies are conducted to assess this method. Continuous wavelet transform is applied to extract the ToF of A0 mode waves from the overlapped signals. Mode conversion is illustrated for the interaction of Lamb waves and delamination. The sensitivity and applicability of the proposed method are validated numerically and experimentally in two asymmetric layup composite laminates. The limitation of this method for symmetric layup composite laminates is analyzed and a potential improvement approach is further discussed.
Preparation and characterization of a newly developed polyamide composite utilising an affordable 3D printer
Authors: Tuan Rahim Tuan Noraihan Azila , Abdullah Abdul Manaf , Md Akil Hazizan , Mohamad Dasmawati , Rajion Zainul Ahmad
Published: July 2015

In this work, the potential of polyamide composite prepared by a 3D printer was evaluated. Polyamide 12 was compounded with 5 wt% hydroxyapatite and 15 wt% zirconium oxide fillers via a twin screw extruder. The compound was then pelletized prior to the preparation of the filament by a desktop filament extruder. The filament was finally applied to a 3D printer to prepare the printed tensile samples. Pure polyamide 12 and commercial polyamide filament, Taulman 618, were also printed and tested for control. Melt flow and thermal analysis were carried out to estimate the processing conditions. Tensile test was also conducted to evaluate the strength and modulus. The new polyamide composite was successfully prepared and tested. The strength of polyamide composite was comparable to Taulman 618. The modulus of the composite was improved due to the incorporation of fillers. The morphology of the printed composite was porous, which could provide pros and cons to biological and mechanical properties, respectively. Polyamide composite presented a promising polymer material for a 3D printer and may be applied for biomaterial application.
Optimization and preparation of an allyl phenoxy-modified bismaleimide resin
Authors: Jiang Hao , Wang Rumin , Farhan Shameel , Wang Min , Zheng Shuirong
Published: July 2015

A thermosetting resin system has been developed by the copolymerization of allyl phenoxy, bismaleimide (BMI), and diallyl bisphenol A and optimized using response surface methodology. An optimized modified resin system with enhanced properties was achieved based on empirical second-order models expressing the relationship between the modifier contents and the mechanical properties. Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) was selected as initiator to further improve the curing behavior and mechanical properties of the optimized resin system. The effect of initiator contents on impact, flexural strength, and heat distortion temperature was also investigated. The curing behavior, morphology, and thermal stability of the optimized resin were carefully characterized using differential scanning calorimeter, scanning electron microscope, and thermogravimetric and dynamic mechanical analyzers, respectively. For evaluating the efficiency of modified BMI resin system, laminated composites using glass fiber cloth were fabricated using a hot press and tested for mechanical properties. The results showed that the DCP reduced the curing temperature significantly, improved the curing process, and proved to be very effective in heat resistance. Meanwhile, the laminated composite with initiator showed 13–27% higher mechanical properties and 5–7% higher retention rate at high temperature when compared with the neat resin composite system. The optimized resin system with higher mechanical properties, good heat resistance, and better manufacturability can be used as matrix resin for making advanced fiber-reinforced composites.
Variation propagation modeling and pattern mapping method for aircraft assembly structure considering residual stress from manufacturing process
Authors: Zhang Lina , Wang Hua , Li Shuhui , Lin Zhongqin
Published: July 2015

Bulk residual stress of component originating from material preparation processing has an impact on large-scale assembly deformation and consequently affects dimensional and shape accuracy of assembly especially for those thick and asymmetric components. This article proposes a quantitative variation propagation modeling method, highlighting the subsequent impact of initial residual stress in raw material, and provides an effective pattern mapping method between bulk stress fluctuation and overall component or assembly deformation. The basic analysis approach considering residual stress is validated by test experiments previously. Legendre polynomials and Spline functions are employed to represent stress perturbation pattern and localized deformation pattern, respectively. Variation propagation is modeled in a case study of the horizontal stabilizer assembly system based on these non-linear mathematical representations. The orthogonal test is designed utilizing finite element analysis to simulate principal stress component perturbation. Corresponding regression analysis aimed at the optimized geometric target is conducted leading to confined Legendre coefficients range for better match. The mapping relation is developed graphically between Legendre coefficient’s pattern and Spline coefficient’s pattern revealing the region of influence and offers assembly deformation prediction as well as practical component selection suggestion for better match. The downstream quality control can be further traced back to the parameter setting of material preparation processing like stretch ratio. The methods we present help systematically improving compliant assembly precision in consideration with residual stress factor in aircraft assembly structure.
Screening for asymptomatic lymphogranuloma venereum co-infection in men who have sex with men newly diagnosed with HIV, hepatitis C or syphilis
Authors: Pallawela SNS , Bradshaw D , Hodson L , Rehill K , Wong F , Rockwood N , Gedela K , Hardie J , Price H , Alexander S , McLean K , Dean G , Smith A , Sullivan AK
Published: July 2015

Patients diagnosed with lymphogranuloma venereum have high rates of co-infection with HIV, syphilis and hepatitis C. The aim of this enhanced surveillance was to screen all men who have sex with men (MSM) newly diagnosed with HIV, syphilis or hepatitis C for co-infection with asymptomatic lymphogranuloma venereum as part of the recommended sexual health screen. Of the 145 patients screened, 21 patients were diagnosed with rectal Chlamydia trachomatis, one with both rectal and urethral chlamydia and six with urethral chlamydia. One rectal chlamydia-positive sample, when tested, was equivocal for lymphogranuloma venereum. Our data suggested that there was not a pool of asymptomatic lymphogranuloma venereum infection in MSM recently diagnosed with HIV, hepatitis C and syphilis. However, there have been recent reports of an increased incidence of asymptomatic lymphogranuloma venereum, raising the question whether lymphogranuloma venereum should be screened for in high risk asymptomatic MSM. The prevalence of asymptomatic rectal chlamydia infections was 19%.
Lady in Red
Authors: Eisenbruch Adar B. , Simmons Zachary L. , Roney James R.
Published: July 2015

Recent evidence supports the idea that women use red clothing as a courtship tactic, and results from one study further suggested that women were more likely to wear red on days of high fertility in their menstrual cycles. Subsequent studies provided mixed support for the cycle-phase effect, although all such studies relied on counting methods of cycle-phase estimation and used between-subjects designs. By comparison, in the study reported here, we employed frequent hormone sampling to more accurately assess ovulatory timing and used a within-subjects design. We found that women were more likely to wear red during the fertile window than on other cycle days. Furthermore, within-subjects fluctuations in the ratio of estradiol to progesterone statistically mediated the within-subjects shifts in red-clothing choices. Our results appear to represent the first direct demonstration of specific hormone measurements predicting observable changes in women’s courtship-related behaviors. We also demonstrate the advantages of hormonal determination of ovulatory timing for tests of cycle-phase shifts in psychology or behavior.
User preferences and library space at Whitworth University Library
Authors: Ojennus Paul , Watts Kathy A.
Published: July 2015

The design of library space is undergoing significant changes in layout and focus. Knowing that understanding a specific library’s user needs is essential to effective planning, many academic institutions have undertaken user studies to establish user needs prior to embarking on redesign, or update of library physical space. Librarians at Whitworth University, a small liberal arts college, conducted an online questionnaire of currently enrolled students to appraise current library use and determine potential areas for improvement based on user needs. The survey revealed some unique characteristics of this user group: use of technology for study, and resource discovery was balanced by preferences for non-digital methods of resource access and use.