bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of African cassava mosaic disease on morphological characteristics of cassava, Manihot esculenta (Crantz)
Authors: Oyadiran TF , Osakwe JA
Published: April 2021

Field trials were conducted with 10 improved clones of cassava to study the effect of ACMD on their morphological characteristics. The clones used were: 97 / 4763, 97/2205, 91/02324, 98/0505, M98/0068, 96/1089A, 96/1632, M98/0040, 99/2123 and 97/0162. The parameters measured were plant height, leaf area, number of branches and petiole length. The research revealed differences within the clones for the parameters studied, these differences seemed to be mainly genetic, as they were not positively correlated to the disease incidence and severity. Based on the findings in this research the following recommendations were made. On the basis of their branching pattern, highly branched clones 97 / 2205, 97/4763 and 98 /0505 are recommended for selection. The heavy branches bear a lot of leaves or produce a thick canopy which helps to reduce the need for weeding, and also reduce the effect of loss of leaves that occur due to disease incidence. However, for industrial / mechanized agriculture, clones that are less branched should be selected as they are easier to harvest mechanically. Though there is disadvantage with their small leaf areas; the crops would have to be highly resistant to fungal attack which tends to cause leaf drop that will reduce leaf material for food / starch production (examples of less branching clones are, M98 / 0068, 96/1632,91/02324).Key Word: African Cassava Mosaic Disease (ACMD), Cassava Mosaic Virus.(CMV)
Analysis of health information sources available to rural farming households in Ondo state, Nigeria.
Authors: Odefadehan OO , Ale AB , Ale AB , Odefadehan OO , Odefadehan OO
Published: April 2021

This study identified various health information sources at the disposal of the rural farming households in nine selected Local Government Areas (LGA) of Ondo state, Nigeria. The perceived characteristics of the identified health information sources was also examined. The study determined how these perceived health information characteristics influenced the adoption of three selected public health programmes (Family planning, Immunization and Roll Back Malaria). Data from 272 households were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The result of the analysis showed that majority of the respondents indicated radio as the first source of information about the three health programmes. For example, radio was the first source of information about Family Planning (71.0% of the respondents). There was no significant relationship between adoption of (Family planning, Immunization and Roll Back Malaria) and the first source of information about these public health programmes. It was recommended that stakeholders in the development of rural public health programmes should take advantage of radio as a means of health information dissemination and ensure it is strengthened for sustained use.Keywords: Health-information, rural household, immunization, malaria, family planning, radio, and public health
Accessibility of youths to health care in Nigeria
Authors: Ayandiji A
Published: April 2021

The youths of Nigeria cover up to 60% of the entire Nigeria population. Youths are a symbol of a town or village with potentials to perform strenuous work and constitute essential human resources for development. Youths are not excluded from health issues facing the generality of the human population. This study examines the accessibility of youths to the various health facilities available, the cost of services provided and also the relationship between the health facilities available and the cost of services provided. The National baseline survey report of 2012 was used. Three States were randomly selected from each of the six geopolitical zones of the country. Majority of the respondents patronized public hospitals than other health institutions. Most youths claimed that the cost of services provided were moderate. There is a significant relationship between health care alternatives available and cost of services. There should be more sensitization for the youth to take their health seriously and patronize health facilities where adequate examination can be carried out.Key words: Youth, Accessibility, Nigeria.
Analysis of maternal and child health policies in Malawi: The methodological perspective
Authors: Daire J , Khalil D
Published: April 2021

The question of why most health policies do not achieve their intended results continues to receive a considerable attention in the literature. This is in the light of the recognized gap between policy as intent and policy as practice, which calls for substantial research work to understand the factors that improve policy implementation. Although there is substantial work that explains the reasons why policies achieve or fail to achieve their intended outcomes, there are limited case studies that illustrate how to analyze policies from the methodological perspective. In this article, we report and discuss how a mixed qualitative research method was applied for analyzing maternal and child health policies in Malawi. For the purposes of this article, we do not report research findings; instead we focus our dicussion on the methodology of the study and draw lessons for policy analysis research work. We base our disusssion on our experiences from a study in which we analyzed maternal and child health policies in Malawi over the period from 1964 to 2008. Noting the multifaceted nature of maternal and child health policies, we adopted a mixed qualitative research method, whereby a number of data collection methods were employed. This approach allowed for the capturing of different perspectives of maternal and child health policies in Malawi and for strengthening of the weaknesses of each method, especially in terms of data validity. This research suggested that the multidimensional nature of maternal and child health policies, like other health policies, calls for a combination of research designs as well as a variety of methods of data collection and analysis. In addition, we suggest that, as an emerging research field, health policy analysis will benefit more from case study designs because they provide rich experiences in the actual policy context.
The patient-provider relationship and antenatal care uptake at two referral hospitals in Malawi: A qualitative study
Authors: Roberts J , Sealy D , Hopp Marshak H , Manda-Taylor L , Gleason P , Mataya R
Published: April 2021

Background In post-stroke patients, impairment of quality of life (QOL) has been associated with functional impairment, age, anxiety, depression, and fatigue. Good social support, higher education, and better socioeconomic status are associated with better QOL among stroke survivors. In Africa, studies from Nigeria and Tanzania have reported on post-stroke QOL.Background Approximately 90% of Malawian women attend antenatal care at least once during their pregnancies; however, most mothers first present during months five and six and do not adhere to the World Health Organization’s recommended four visits. The objective of this study was to explore the role the patient-provider relationship has on antenatal care uptake.Methods A qualitative study, consisting of interviews with 20 urban pregnant mothers and eight health workers, was conducted from September to December 2014. Two large tertiary care hospitals in the Central and Southern regions of Malawi were selected as study sites.Results Several factors influenced antenatal care attendance. Significant barriers reported included the patient-provider relationship, clinic wait times, family and friend support, distance from home to the clinic, transportation, cost, and number of visits. The patient-provider relationship appears to have a large impact on antenatal clinic participation. Mothers indicated that health workers often mistreat or demean them during visits. Additionally, health workers revealed that, due to staff shortages, patients often do notreceive the care they deserve.Conclusions The results of this study suggest that, in addition to other factors, healthcare provider attitudes influence antenatal clinic attendance. Improving the patient-provider relationship may increase antenatal clinic attendance and decrease pregnancy complications during pregnancy. Professional development opportunities and quality improvement programmes are would help improve patient care and health outcomes while the continued staff shortages in the country are addressed.
Semen profiles of young men involved as bicycle taxi cyclists in Mangochi District, Malawi: A case-control study
Authors: Kipandula W , Lampiao F
Published: April 2021

Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the semen profiles of bicycle taxi cyclists and healthy controls in Mangochi district, Malawi.Methods Semen samples were collected from young bicycle taxi cyclists after two to three days of sexual abstinence. A control group, comprising young men who were not bicycle taxi operators also submitted semen samples. Samples were left to liquefy for 30 minutes before measurements were conducted of volume, concentration, total motility, and progressive motility. This was followed by preparation of morphology slides. Light microscopy was used for sperm analysis.Results Semen parameters such as volume (1.66 ± 0.18 mL vs. 3.64 ± 0.17 mL; p = 0.0001), concentration (28.31 ± 4.33 x 106/mL vs. 54.95 ± 5.93 x 106/ mL; p = 0.02) , total motility (56.98% ± 8.22% vs. 56.98% ± 8.22%; p = 0.03), progressive motility (22.57% ± 3.35% vs. 59.69% ± 4.82%; p = 0.004), and morphology (6.98% ± 3.23% vs. 19.73% ± 2.32%; p = 0.006) were significantly reduced in the bicycle taxi cyclists compared to the healthy controls.Conclusion In this case-control study, bicycle taxi operators had lower semen volume, concentration, total motility, and progressive motility, as well as a higher concentration of abnormally shaped spermatocytes, compared to healthy controls.
Pott’s disease with extensive bilateral psoas abscesses in a Nigerian woman: an unusual case
Authors: Iloanusi Nneka
Published: April 2021

Bilateral psoas abscesses are uncommon in Pott’s disease. We describe a 28-year-old Nigerian woman with a 2-year history of constitutional symptoms and a 1-year history of bilateral paravertebral masses. She had received anti-tuberculosis (TB) treatment in an interrupted manner. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed T10–T12 spondylitis, wedge collapse and extensive bilateral psoas abscesses. Histology of the abscess wall was definitively diagnosed as soft tissue TB, and special staining for acid-fast bacilli was positive. She was successfully treated with anti-TB therapy and ultrasound-guided surgical drainage of 6 L of abscess fluid. Complicated cases of Pott’s disease may require multi-disciplinary interventions for optimal outcome.
Additive effect of dabigatran and high-dose aspirin in the development of haemorrhagic pleural effusion in a patient with tuberculous pleuritis
Authors: Karagül Duygu
Published: April 2021

Tuberculous pleuritis can rarely cause haemorrhagic pleural effusion. Dabigatran etexilate can have an additive effect on increasing the risk of haemorrhage. Aspirin cannot cause major haemorrhage, but in the elderly it can cause gastrointestinal bleeding via ulceration of the gastrointestinal mucosa. We report here the case of a 77-year-old male who presented to the hospital with a 2-month history of progressive dyspnoea. He had been taking dabigatran etexilate (220 mg) and high-dose acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin; 300 mg) daily for chronic atrial fibrillation. A chest X-ray revealed a moderately sized right pleural effusion confirmed by a computed tomography scan, which also showed bronchiectasis of both lungs. Dabigatran was discontinued and aspirin was decreased to the minimal therapeutic dose of 100 mg before thoracentesis was performed. Lymphocyte-predominant (50%) haemorrhagic fluid of 500 ml was drained, positive for acid-fast bacilli smear and polymerase chain reaction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A chest tube was placed and an additional 1250 ml of haemorrhagic exudate drained out. We treated the patient with a routine regimen of antituberculous medication and the infection resolved without complications other than the bronchiectasis present before treatment. We think that the combination of dabigatran etexilate and high doses of aspirin increased the risk of pleural haemorrhage in this patient with tuberculous pleuritis
The prevalence and management of central post-stroke pain at a hospital in Zimbabwe
Authors: Ntsiea Veronica
Published: April 2021

BackgroundCentral post-stroke pain (CPSP) is a poorly diagnosed chronic pain. It is under-treated and usually mismanaged. ObjectiveTo establish the prevalence of CPSP and its management in stroke clinics at a tertiary hospital.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional design with stroke patients and health professionals from the stroke clinic at the tertiary hospital in Zimbabwe. ResultsOut of 166 stroke survivors, 8% had CPSP. Younger age (<60 years) was significantly associated with CPSP (P<0.003). Pain characteristics of CPSP were hyperaesthesia (10, 71%), electric shocks (9, 64%), temperature allodynia (9, 64%) and allodynia (12, 86%). Ten health professionals participated in the study: one (10%) reported using Douleur Neuropathique 4 (to diagnose neuropathic pain) and two (20%) reported using sensory tests. Four patients (44%) were on paracetamol (acetaminophen) and on weak opiates such as codeine. None of the patients were on anticonvulsants or antidepressants. Two medical doctors (50%) used weak opiates as second-line management. Five patients (36%) reported receiving a combination of massage, stretching, general exercise and moist heat or cryotherapy. ConclusionThe prevalence of CPSP in the study group is within international range. There is a need for appropriate management and use of tests and outcome measures for diagnosis of CPSP.
Does a job guarantee pay off? The fiscal costs of fighting long-term unemployment in Austria*
Authors: Theurl Simon , Tamesberger Dennis
Published: April 2021

The idea of a job guarantee (JG) to tackle unemployment has become popular again over recent years. Critics often point to the fiscal costs and the macroeconomic impact of a government financing full employment. In this paper, we analyse the fiscal costs of a JG for long-term unemployed people over the age of 45 in Austria. We show that a JG pays off in the long run. Even if the amount of jobs to be provided increases in times of a recession, or if a government starts with a certain amount of jobs and increases it afterwards, the JG would pay for itself.
Selection of Input Factors and Comparison of Machine Learning Models for Prediction of Dissolved Oxygen in Gyeongan Stream
Authors: Kim Min Ji , Byeon Seon Jeong , Kim Kyung Min , Ahn Johng-Hwa
Published: April 2021

Objectives : In this study, we select input factors for machine learning models to predict dissolved oxygen (DO) in Gyeongan Stream and compare results of performance evaluation indicators to find the optimal model.Methods : The water quality data from the specific points of Gyeongan Stream were collected between January 15, 1998 and December 30, 2019. The pretreatment data were divided into train and test data with the ratio of 7:3. We used random forest (RF), artificial neural network (ANN), convolutional neural network (CNN), and gated recurrent unit (GRU) among machine learning. RF and ANN were tested by both random split and time series data, while CNN and GRU conducted the experiment using only time series data. Performance evaluation indicators such as square of the correlation coefficient (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE) were used to compare the optimal results for the models.Results and Discussion : Based on the RF variable importance results and references, water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, PO4-P, NH4-N, total phosphorus, suspended solids, and NO3-N were used as input factors. Both RF and ANN performed better with time series data than random split. The model performance was good in order of RF > CNN > GRU > ANN.Conclusions : The eight input factors (water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, PO4-P, NH4-N, total phosphorus, suspended solids, and NO3-N) were selected for machine learning models to predict DO in Gyeongan Stream. The best model for DO prediction was the RF model with time series data. Therefore, we suggest that the RF with the eight input factors could be used to predict the DO in streams.
Artifact Removing From Eeg Recordings Using Independent Component Analysis with High-order Statistics
Authors: Popescu Theodor D.
Published: April 2021

Many methods have been proposed to remove artifacts from EEG recordings especially those arising from eye movements and blinks. Often regression in time and frequency domain on parallel EEG and electrooculographic recordings is used, but this approach can become problematic in some cases. Use of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been proposed to remove eye artifacts from multichannel EEG. This method is not effective when the activations from cerebral activity and artifacts have comparable amplitudes. In this paper it is presented a generally applicable method for removing a wide variety of artifacts from EEG recordings based on Independent Component Analysis (ICA) with highorder statistics. The method is applied with good results in the analysis of a sample lowpass event -related potentials (ERP) data.
Policy Priorities For Improving The Quality Of Slum Settlements In Banjarmasin City, South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia
Authors: Chair Miftahul , Yusran Fadly H.
Published: April 2021

Banjarmasin city faces almost the same problems as other big cities in the world, namely slum settlements. One of the factors in the formation of slum settlements in Banjarmasin city is urbanization. The population that continues to increase due to the flow of urbanization causes urban areas to have a very urgent problem, namely the provision of housing facilities. The high price of land in the city center and low-per capita income cause people to tend to look for settlements in suburban areas with inadequate environments and supporting facilities. This research aims to identify the conditions of slum settlements in Banjarmasin City and formulate policy priorities to improve the quality of slum settlements in Banjarmasin City. To answer all these objectives, an integrated settlement management system can be implemented. Comprehensive integration between office holders, stakeholders, and residents will produce a draft policy and slum management scenario. In addition, the policy for sustainable management of slum settlements in Banjarmasin City is also designed using the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) approach. The slum settlements in Banjarmasin city are generally caused by geographical location, where most of them are river and swamp areas. Slums are getting worse because of the bad sanitation system. Ecological factor is the main priority factor in improving the quality of slum settlements. This is because if the slum area is able to maintain its ecology, it will be able to overcome disturbances or pressure, maintain or regain its function and shape. Based on AHP analysis, it is also known that the policy priority in improving the quality of slum settlements is by redevelopment. This effort is the rearrangement of part or all of the area for the purpose of managing the slum settlements in Banjarmasin city.
Content Based Image Retrieval using Multi-level 3D Color Texture and Low Level Color Features with Neural Network Based Classification System
Authors: Tiwari Priyesh , Sharan Shivendra Nath , Singh Kulwant , Kamya Suraj
Published: April 2021

Content based image retrieval (CBIR), is an application of real-world computer vision domain where from a query image, similar images are searched from the database. The research presented in this paper aims to find out best features and classification model for optimum results for CBIR system.Five different set of feature combinations in two different color domains (i.e., RGB & HSV) are compared and evaluated using Neural Network Classifier, where best results obtained are 88.2% in terms of classifier accuracy. Color moments feature used comprises of: Mean, Standard Deviation,Kurtosis and Skewness. Histogram features is calculated via 10 probability bins. Wang-1k dataset is used to evaluate the CBIR system performance for image retrieval.Research concludes that integrated multi-level 3D color-texture feature yields most accurate results and also performs better in comparison to individually computed color and texture features.
An Image Similarity Invariant Feature Extraction Method Based on Radon Transform
Authors: Guo Hongjun , Chen Lili
Published: April 2021

With the advancements of computer technology, image recognition technology has been more and more widely applied and feature extraction is a core problem of image recognition. In study, image recognition classifies the processed image and identifies the category it belongs to. By selecting the feature to be extracted, it measures the necessary parameters and classifies according to the result. For better recognition, it needs to conduct structural analysis and image description of the entire image and enhance image understanding through multi-object structural relationship. The essence of Radon transform is to reconstruct the original N-dimensional image in N-dimensional space according to the N-1 dimensional projection data of N-dimensional image in different directions. The Radon transform of image is to extract the feature in the transform domain and map the image space to the parameter space. This paper study the inverse problem of Radon transform of the upper semicircular curve with compact support and continuous in the support. When the center and radius of a circular curve change in a certain range, the inversion problem is unique when the Radon transform along the upper semicircle curve is known. In order to further improve the robustness and discrimination of the features extracted, given the image translation or proportional scaling and the removal of impact caused by translation and proportion, this paper has proposed an image similarity invariant feature extraction method based on Radon transform, constructed Radon moment invariant and shown the description capacity of shape feature extraction method on shape feature by getting intra-class ratio. The experiment result has shown that the method of this paper has overcome the flaws of cracks, overlapping, fuzziness and fake edges which exist when extracting features alone, it can accurately extract the corners of the digital image and has good robustness to noise. It has effectively improved the accuracy and continuity of complex image feature extraction.
An Image Detection Method Based on Parameter Optimization of Support Vector Machine
Authors: Feng Zhanshen
Published: April 2021

With the progress and development of multimedia image processing technology, and the rapid growth of image data, how to efficiently extract the interesting and valuable information from the huge image data, and effectively filter out the redundant data, these have become an urgent problem in the field of image processing and computer vision. In recent years, as one of the important branches of computer vision, image detection can assist and improve a series of visual processing tasks. It has been widely used in many fields, such as scene classification, visual tracking, object redirection, semantic segmentation and so on. Intelligent algorithms have strong non-linear mapping capability, data processing capacity and generalization ability. Support vector machine (SVM) by using the structural risk minimization principle constructs the optimal classification hyper-plane in the attribute space to make the classifier get the global optimum and has the expected risk meet a certain upper bound at a certain probability in the entire sample space. This paper combines SVM and artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA) for parameter optimization, builds AFSA-SVM classification model to achieve the intelligent identification of image features, and provides reliable technological means to accelerate sensing technology. The experiment result proves that AFSA-SVM has better classification accuracy and indicates that the algorithm of this paper can effectively realize the intelligent identification of image features.
High Performance DC-to-AC Converter Using Snubberless H-Bridge Power Switches and an Improved DC-to-DC Converter
Authors: Eya Candidus U. , Salau Ayodeji Olalekan , Oti Stephen Ejiofor
Published: April 2021

This paper presents the analysis, modeling, simulation, and implementation of a high performance DC-to-AC (DC-AC) converter. The system comprises of a combination of DC power source, stress less DC-to-DC (DC-DC) voltage converter, two snubberless power switches, and control unit. The system is portable, has a two-stage input voltage transformation and amplification with no transformer and occupies less space unlike the classical two-stage inverter systems. In addition, the system produces a constant DC boosted voltage with less stress on both the source and DC storage capacitor which are not found in conventional converters. The proposed power electronic converter system produced the following results: pure sine voltage and current waveforms, total harmonic distortion (THD) of 4.294%, power output of 5740W, efficiency of 98.9%, power loss of 60W and fast dynamic response. The target areas of applications of the proposed converter are in medium and small scale industries.
Misalignment and Range Adaptive Wireless Charging System with Constant Current/Constant Voltage Output Based on Coupling Coefficient Estimation
Authors: Niu Wangqiang , Liu Jiaojiao , Chen Zaixing , Gu Wei
Published: April 2021

Compared with the traditional plug-in charging system, wireless power transfer (WPT) system has the characteristics of electrical and mechanical isolation. A wireless system is proposed suitable for battery charging under misalignment or range variation, and the constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) charging are realized by the estimation of coupling coefficient. Firstly, two different operating frequencies based on SS basic compensation structure are designed to realize CC output and CV output respectively. After circuit analysis, CC and CV output cannot be achieved when the position of the secondary coil changes. To solve this issue, when the coil is under misalignment or range variations, the required system parameters are measured, and the coupling coefficient in the charging process is estimated by using the transconductance amplitude equation. Then the corresponding input voltage or working frequency is calculated and fine-tuned. Therefore, the CC and CV charge of the battery can be realized under misalignment or range variation. Finally, experimental results are presented to verify the feasibility and correctness of this method.
Cardiovascular Co-morbidity in COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tamrakar Rikesh , Amgain Kapil , Sajed Ahmad Naeem
Published: April 2021

At present, we are in the middle of a global pandemic due to COVID 19 disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. It has now spread virtually to every corner of the globe. Medical professionals are faced with the challenge of managing diverse clinical manifestations and multisystem involvement of this infection. Although respiratory system is mainly involved COVID-19 disease, there have been diverse manifestations within the cardiovascular (CV) system that posing unique therapeutic challenges. Clinically, a patient may have features of myocarditis, heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, and vascular thrombosis. Of these manifestations, the most common mechanism implicated is direct myocardial injury, whereas systemic inflammation, oxygen supply-demand mismatch, plaque rupture have also been suggested. Furthermore, current available data suggest cardiovascular related manifestations lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Also, patients with underlying cardiac conditions are more prone for severe disease and death. Although there are limited treatment options available for COVID-19 currently, it is imperative that the potential cardiovascular implications of these therapies are to be considered in these patients. There is need to review current available information regarding the implication of cardiovascular co-morbidity in COVID-19 disease so that we have uptodate and better understanding in this global problem. This review highlights the manifestations, pathophysiological mechanisms for cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 and address specific concerns of cardiac patients regarding medications and further management.
Kille Çayı (Balıkesir) Havzasında Erozyon Risk Analizi
Authors: MUTLU Yunus Emre , SOYKAN Abdullah , FIÇICI Murat
Published: April 2021

Balıkesir’in sulama ve içme suyu ihtiyacını karşılamak üzere 1991 yılında inşa edilen İkizcetepeler Barajı’nın da içerisinde yer aldığı Kille Çayı Havzası, Türkiye’nin kuzeybatısında, Marmara Bölgesi’nin, Güney Marmara Bölümü’nde Karesi Yöresi olarak adlandırılabilen bir kesimde yer almaktadır. İdari olarak Balıkesir ve Manisa illeri sınırları içerisinde kalan saha 569 km² yüzölçümüne sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, havzadaki erozyon riskinin ve dağılışının belirlenmesi, ayrıca yıllık ortalama toprak kaybı miktarının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaca ulaşmak için birçok parametrenin karşılıklı etkileşimlerini dikkate alan, bu alanda kullanılan diğer yöntemlere göre daha doğru sonuçlar veren ve bu nedenle dünyada erozyon çalışmalarında sıklıkla kullanılan CBS tabanlı bir yöntem olan Düzenlenmiş Evrensel Toprak Kaybı Denklemi (RUSLE) tercih edilmiştir. Bu yöntem çerçevesinde havzanın topografya, toprak, yağış, arazi kullanımı gibi parametreleri değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada altlık olarak 1/25.000 ölçeğinde topoğrafya paftaları ve Aster GDEM’e ait DEM verileri kullanılmıştır. Bu veriler WGS – 1984 formatında koordinatlandırılmış ve bilgisayar ortamında altlık veriler üretilmiştir. Sonrasında ArcMap yazılımının veri yönetimi araçları içerisinde yer alan Raster Calculator kullanılarak RUSLE denklemi uygulanmıştır. Bu analizler sonucunda sahanın erozyon risk sınıfları ve yıllık toprak kaybı miktarı elde edilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda sahada az, hafif, orta, şiddetli ve çok şiddetli olmak üzere beş farklı erozyon risk sınıfı belirlenmiştir. Havzanın % 78,69’u yıllık toprak kaybının ton/ha/yıl arasında olduğu şiddetli – çok şiddetli erozyon riski altındaki sahalar ise % 8,91’lik bir alan kaplamaktadır. Havzadaki yıllık ortalama toprak kaybı ise 2,39 ton/ha/yıl olarak hesaplanmıştır.

Yıllık ortalama toprak kaybı 2,39 ton/ha/yıl olarak hesaplanan inceleme alanı, Türkiye ortalamasının (6.14 ton/ha/yıl) altında bir değere sahiptir. RUSLE yönteminde toprak ve arazi kullanımı parametreleri beşeri faaliyetlere bağlı olarak değişmektedirler. Bunların beşeri faaliyetlerden olumsuz anlamda etkilenmesi, erozyon riskinin artmasına sebep olmaktadır. Doğru arazi kullanımı ve bununla ilişkili olarak toprak örtüsünün korunması ile birlikte erozyon riski minimum düzeyde kalacaktır.
Repeated surgical interventions for relapses of cryptorchidism in children
Authors: Poddubniy I. V. , Fayzulin A. K. , Fedorova E. V. , Kalinchenko N. Yu. , Tolstov K. N. , Sytkov V. V. , Gorodnicheva Yu. M. , Khanov M. M. , Yarustovsky P. M.
Published: April 2021

The aim of the study is to demonstrate a differentiated approach to recurrent cryptorchidism treatment. Materials and methods. Over the past five years (since 2015), the staff of the Department of Pediatric Surgery of A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, performed surgical treatment of 20 children aged 2-17 years with recurrent cryptorchidism (22 testicles). Relapse of cryptorchidism on one side was diagnosed in 18 patients. Two patients had a bilateral cryptorchidism recurrence, these children had a combined pathology in the form of Prader-Willi syndrome. In 3 children, surgical treatment at their place of residence was performed two or more times. As a preoperative preparation to increase the elasticity of blood vessels and to lengthen them, a course of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone therapy was carried out according to the scheme. The exception was children over the age of 6-7 as administration of hCG at this age can provoke an earlier onset of puberty. Intraoperatively, in 15 children, the testicle was fixed in the scrotum according to the method of Shemaker, Herzen, and others. In 5 children with abdominal cryptorchidism, the testicle was not descended into the scrotum and was fixed in the inguinal canal due to a deficiency in the length of the spermatic cord (SC). On examination, a testicle in the middle or lower third of the inguinal canal was found in 10 patients, at the root of the scrotum - in 7. In 5 patients, the testicle was not detected. The average period between the first and repeated surgery was 3 years (from 4 months to 8 years). Upon admission, all patients underwent a clinical examination, ultrasound examination of the inguinal canals, and a study of the hormonal profile if indicated. Results. After revision of the inguinal canal, 17 testicles were successfully re-descended using the Shemaker technique. Of these, 16 testicles were fixed in the scrotum, 1 testicle - at the root of the scrotum. During the second operation, the vaginal process of the peritoneum was found in 7 children. Laparoscopically-assisted orchipexy was performed in 3 patients. Orchiectomy was performed in 5 cases due to testicular atrophy. The duration of the surgery was 55-120 minutes. There was no intraoperative blood loss. In the long-term postoperative period (after a year or more), postoperative testicular atrophy was not detected.
Influence of preventive measures in a children’s polyclinic on the health status of preschool children
Authors: Kravchenko Irina A. , Polunin Valery S. , Buslayeva Galina N.
Published: April 2021

Prevention aims to create optimal conditions for the formation of children’s health, ensuring the protection of the child’s body from diseases. The goal is to identify priority problems in preventive work with preschool children in outpatient and polyclinic conditions. Materials and methods. Authors studied information from medical documents of 3-6 year children from the children’s polyclinics in Moscow, questionnaires of parents of children observed during 2017-2020. Preventive examinations cover 97.0% of children; a third of children have a chronic pathology. 68.1% of children passed dispensary examinations. 82.1% of children got vaccinated by age. The «Mother’s School» improves the medical literacy of parents. Conclusions. It is necessary to select a specific time for specialists during preventive examinations to intensify healthy lifestyle promotion among parents.
Propaedeutics of bioethics in the philosophy of education of the Russian doctor in the XXI century
Authors: Ivanyushkin Aleksandr Ya. , Smirnov Ivan E. , Ivanyushkin Ivan A. , Fisenko Andrey P.
Published: April 2021

The article deals with bioethics’ problems in medical students’ training through the prism of the philosophy of education, which was formed in the middle of the XX century when the humanitarian-anthropological turn in philosophy was formed. The term “bioethics “was first used in 1970 by W.R. Potter, who proposed the concept of “bioethics” to refer to a complex interdisciplinary knowledge, the goal of which is the survival of humankind. As an independent discipline, bioethics is taught in the first years of the medical university. It is this course of bioethics in medical universities that can be called “propaedeutics of bioethics.” This is due to the fact theoretical bioethics to be studied in the context of philosophy, when the student is given the opportunity to adequately interpret philosophical abstractions in bioethics, and applied, often very acute and complex problems of bioethics are studied in the senior courses of the university and in the system of postgraduate education, when future doctors master medical bioethics in the courses of resuscitation, transplantology, medical genetics, psychiatry, etc. The professional knowledge and culture of the doctor were shown to be not identical to his humanism. In this regard, the need for the integration of humanitarian and clinical disciplines in Russian higher medical schools is emphasized. At the same time, numerous concepts and principles of bioethics serve as universal mechanisms for “fitting” modern man and his life world into the totality of life, which allows us to speak of bioethics as universal ethics.
A clinical case of renal tubular acidosis (type III) in an infant
Authors: Kharitonova N. A. , Basargina M. A. , Ananin P. V. , Evloeva Kh. S.
Published: April 2021

Tubulopathy is accompanied by electrolyte imbalance due to impaired excretion of hydrogen ions (type I), impaired reabsorption of bicarbonates (type II), abnormal aldosterone production, or interaction with it (IV). The course can be asymptomatic or with manifestations of electrolyte disorders: weakness, nausea, bone deformities. Diagnosis of renal acidemia is based on measurements of urine pH and electrolytes, data from genetic tests. A clinical case of renal tubular acidosis (type III) in an infant. The article presents the clinical picture of renal tubular acidosis, its classification, and diagnostics in children. Authors consider the importance of applying modern research methods to conduct timely treatment and improve the patients’ lives.
Alexander Andreevich Kisel: contribution to the development of Russian pediatrics
Authors: Ovsyannikov Dmitry Yu. , Paunova Svetlana S. , Kantemirova Marina G. , Novikova Yulia Yu. , Karpenko Maxim A.
Published: April 2021

In a brief outline of the activities of the outstanding domestic pediatrician A.A. Kisel, his unique contribution to medical education and the development of pediatrics is described. His connection with contemporary scientists is determined, the significance of scientific research publications is analyzed. There are discussed views of A.A. Kisel on general issues of pathology and therapy, his unique contribution to pediatric phthisiology and rheumatology.
MARKETING MANAGEMENT OF BUSINESS PROCESSES OF WHOLESALE TRADE ENTERPRISES
Authors: Bahorka Mariia , Yurchenko Nataliy
Published: April 2021

It is established that the transformation of the economy on the way to market relations forces to move to the creation of a new marketing management system of wholesale trade, which today is a lever to stimulate domestic production, in conditions of economic instability and changing customer tastes, intensification of competitors, price fluctuations, demand, business activity in the market. We have identified the need to find modern approaches to managing the business processes of wholesale enterprises, which requires the formation of a holistic, scientifically sound system of organization and an effective enterprise management system. Such a system should be a marketing management concept that would be aimed at meeting the needs and demands of the market, would adequately respond to changes in the internal and external environment, would increase the profitability of sales activities. The marketing concept of management differs from production and marketing flexibility, elasticity, efficiency and sensitivity to market changes, greater adaptability to various innovations. The marketing concept of wholesale trade management is directly correlated with business processes and is related to operations to study consumer demand, the needs of suppliers and buyers, the provision of wholesale services and the development of rational ways of moving goods. Commercial, logistics, production and financial business operations are modeled and implemented through a marketing management system, combining the needs of suppliers, customers and providing in their unity more rational ways to promote goods than in the case of their separate organization. Marketing management should combine and harmonize the main business processes of the wholesale company, the result of which is: for the manufacturer the best conditions of purchase; guarantee and prospects of sales channels; placing products on the market; transportation conditions; storage conditions, motivation of employees. Management decisions are presented, the adoption of which will help to combine and harmonize the main business processes of wholesale trade enterprises and ensure their more rapid adaptation to the market environment.
THE INFLUENCE OF PERCEPTION AND ATTRIBUTION ON THE FORMATION OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
Authors: Oliynuk Nadiia
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes the features of the influence of perception and attribution on the formation of organizational behavior. The environment has an important influence on human life, organization, set of organizational conditions of labor joint activity of people. Social perception is a complex set of phenomena and processes that ensure the orientation of a person in the surrounding social space, which provide him with a state of readiness for action. The content of the concepts of "perception" and "attribution", as well as related categories are characterized. The peculiarities of selection and organization of the environment, which includes search, retrieval and processing of information, are also considered. The main elements of the process of perception from the first observation to the last response to the following elements are analyzed: the influence of the environment, observation, selection of perception, organization of perception, interpretation, response. The influence of external and internal factors on organizational behavior, the correctness of the manager's understanding of the business situation is revealed. Systematized external factors of perception on certain grounds, as well as aspects of internal factors that affect the selection of perception (personality, learning, motivation). Personal perception is characterized by the peculiarity of influencing how a person perceives other people. Such manifestations of employees have an impact on organizational behavior. In the course of the research the influence of attribution of perception is argued, which is characterized by the way of understanding the reasons of organizational behavior of other people. The basic model of the attribution process is also considered, which helps the employee to assess existing events, to predict the possible consequences of future events or behavior. The actions of employees, their successes and failures, people tend to explain situational attribution, and their successes and failures of others – personal attribution. Employees make assumptions about the success or failure of tasks that are important for organizational behavior. That is, attribution indicates how people explain the reasons for their own behavior and the behavior of others.
IMPACT OF GENERATIVE LEARNING MODEL ON ACADEMIC SELF CONCEPT AND ACHIEVEMENT OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN CHEMISTRY IN ONITSHA EDUCATION ZONE, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Chinasa George , Chukwunazo Obikezie , Angela Abumchukwu
Published: April 2021

The study investigated the impact of generative learning model (GLM) on academic self-concept and achievement of secondary school students in Chemistry in Onitsha Education Zone, Nigeria. A quasi-experimental design was used involving a sample of 98 students, 67 males and 31 females from Onitsha education zone. The instruments known as chemistry self concept scale (CSCS) and chemistry achievement test (CAT) were used for data collection. The instruments were validated by three experts one from educational psychology and two from science education department all from Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka-with reliability coefficient of 0.87 and 0.81 respectively were used for data collection. Four research questions and four hypotheses guided the study. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer research questions while analysis of Covalence (ANCOVA) was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The results revealed that academic self concept of experimental group (GLM) improved more than control group, also GLM enhance achievement more than conventional method in teaching chemistry. Finding implies there is need for chemistry teachers to use GLM in teaching chemistry. Recommendations were made on how chemistry teachers, educational and institutional bodies should adopt the use of GLM to improve teaching and performance of students in chemistry.
Communication Convergence in Village Development Program (Case: Village Fund in Sungai Kali Village, South Kalimantan)
Authors: Anto Oki Gusri
Published: April 2021

Development and communication are two inseparable factors because a successful development cannot come up without the communication role as a strategy to realize a community welfare. The social inequality and poverty of today is caused by the development that is not in line with the community’s real needs or expectations. This triggers disagreements or non-convergent communication among all resource managers in the village. This study uses the theoretical approach of convergence communication model to examine factors that influence the development gaps in terms of individual characteristics, and the supporting environment available and to formulate convergent strategies to solve development gaps. This research is designed with a quantitative approach and qualitative data to identify social behaviors and symptoms in the community. The results showed that communication convergence does not occur in the development programs, which could be affected by low education, income levels and inappropriate policies applied in development to achieve common development goals.
Identification of the Influence on Increasing Productivity of Microbiological Biopreparations in Yield of Winter Wheat
Authors: Abdujalilova О.H. , Musurmanov A.A.
Published: April 2021

The article discusses an experiment conducted on weakly saline, irrigated gray-meadow soils of the southern part of Mirzachul. In the experiment, the effect of Azospirillum, Maxim, Biogumus, Microzyme-1, Rizokom-2, Novostil biopreparates on winter wheat yield was studied.
Response of Maize to Different Intercropping Systems and Different Sowing Dates of Cowpea
Authors: El-Shamy Moshira A. , El-Mansoury Mona A.M. , El Bialy Maha A. , H. Helmy Mohamed , Hassan A.F.
Published: April 2021

The recent challenge in agriculture is producing more yields by consuming less water, especially in areas with limited resources of land and water. The study was carried out at Sakha Agricultural Research station., kafr el- sheikh governorate, Egypt, during the 2018 and 2019 summer seasons to evaluate productivity and economic profitability of cowpea intercrop with maize under different sowing dates of cowpea as well as evaluate the efficiency of the system using the land equivalent ratio (LER), water equivalent ratio (WER), some water relations also Gross return. The split-plot design with three replications was used. The main plots were assigned to the cowpea sowing date (D1-1st May, D2 - 20th May, and D3- 9th June), the sub-plot was contained to the intercropping pattern (P1-(1:1), P2- (1:2) and P3-(2:4)). The highest values of irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and crop water use efficiency (CWUE) were given with the first sowing date under the intercropping system (1:2). The cowpea sowing dates had no significant differences in yield and some components of maize and on its interaction with intercropping patterns. The highest LER was found with the third sowing date for cowpea under intercropping system (1:2) treatment in two seasons, respectively. In economic viewpoint high additional increase in profits over each cost for all intercropping patterns especially the third sowing date for cowpea under the intercropping system (1:2).