bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Structural Noise of a Multi-Cylinder Diesel Engine
Authors: Goel Arunkumar , Meena Avadhesh Kumar
Published: September 2024

The world over has resulted in severe pollution problems. They are classified as air and noise pollution. Air pollution is caused by dispersion of emittents from engine exhaust to the atmosphere at different concentration levels. Similarly, the emission of unwanted sound from engine structure, intake and exhaust are the principal source of noise pollution.

In diesel engines structurally, radiated noises have numerous origins. The complexity arises from the fact that the whole engine structure is simultaneously excited by several forces of widely different characteristics. Primary exciting force which is a gas force in the cylinder resulting from the combustion. Secondary exciting forces of considerably different characteristics are generated by the operation slider crank mechanism but related to some primary gas force in some non-linear manner resulting in piston impact, impacts in bearing, impacts in timing gears etc. Force produced in accessories such as valve gear system, fuel injection system etc.

In the present study, the structure-born noises are studied by isolating exhaust noise from measurement areas at different moderate loads and speed conditions to see the impact of noise generation of a heavy-duty diesel engine on the test bed. The engine considered was an 80.85 kw multi-cylinder diesel engine on a test bed coupled with a hydraulic dynamo-meter. The engine was manufactured by Tata. The noise was measured at a distance of 1m and 2m at 10 different locations at different load and speed conditions. With this noise contours are plotted to see the behavior of noise emission from engine structure with variation of load and speed.

The overall frequency v/s sound pressure level (SPL) graphs were plotted. The impact of the speed of the engine was also studied in the present studies to show the impact of combustion at different speeds on the structural noise emissions.

The combined impact of engine noise and load on structural noise and piston slap was also studied.
Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature: A State-of-the-Art Review
Authors: Meduri Sunil , Challa Krishna , Ponangi Babu Rao
Published: September 2024

Magnetic cooling technology, grounded in the magnetocaloric effect, is a significant area of study given its immense potential to address escalating energy demands and environmental issues posed by current technologies. Investigations into magnetic cooling systems encompass engineering endeavours and materials research. Magnetic refrigeration at room temperature represents a cutting-edge, high-efficiency, and eco-friendly technology. Despite its current developmental stage, it exhibits immense potential for practical applications and appears to be a viable alternative to conventional vapor compression methods. This review primarily focuses on the applications and materials research aspect of these studies, offering insights into the latest advancements in the field.
Artificial Intelligence in Electric Vehicle Battery Management System: A Technique for Better Energy Storage
Authors: Vashist Devendra , Raj Rishi , Sharma Deepanshu
Published: September 2024

The automobile industry is currently undergoing a huge transition from IC Engine based systems to electric based mobility systems. Battery technology based on Li ion has made interesting move towards popularization of electric vehicles (EVs) in world market. battery management system (BMS) forms one of the major constituents of this technology. Battery pack as a whole is the most sought-after component of EVs which needs intensive monitoring and control. Battery parameters such as State of Health (SOH) and State of Charge (SOC) needs precise measurement and calculation. Monitoring them directly is a difficult task. In the present work methodologies and approaches for estimating the batteries parameters using Artificial Intelligent methods were investigated. Six machine learning algorithms used for state estimation were critically reviewed. The employed methods are linear, random forest, gradient boost, light gradient boosting (light-GBM), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), and support vector machine (SVM) regressors. A comparation between these reviewed methods were made. It is found that AI combined with a battery management system can improve energy usage with further electric vehicle performance improvement.
Performance Evaluation of Various Fractional Order Control Strategies on a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: A Adithya , Shaik Amjad , CHIKATI RAMBABU
Published: September 2024

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are one potential green energy option for fuel cells, which are becoming more popular in the energy production industry. Despite the fact that it continues to draw a lot of interest, many obstacles, such as enhancing performance, boosting durability and reducing cost are impeding the fuel cells commercialization. Air/hydrogen feed has an impact on the fuel cell performance; as a result, the cathode side of the fuel cell supply manifold pressure must be regulated. Substantial power is used when operating at maximum load, and fuel cells may experience oxygen starvation due to inadequate air. Maintaining a quick and adequate air concentration in the fuel cell cathode is essential to avoiding oxygen starvation and maximizing durability. In this paper, to solve the issues of oxygen starvation in a PEM fuel cell, various fractional order control strategies are developed, and comparative analysis is done to maintain the supply manifold pressure based on error analysis and control effort. The transfer function model of a PEM fuel cell is considered and various fractional order control strategies are designed for the control of supply manifold pressure in the fuel cell. Based on simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK software, it is observed that fractional order PID controller yields enhanced performance when compared to other fractional order controller design techniques such as fractional filter cascaded with integer order PI/PID and fractional order PI controllers.
Comparative Analysis of Automotive Air Purification Systems and Efficacy in Indian Environment
Authors: Pimpalkar Ankit , Patel Abhishek , Sonkar Surabhi , Rajaur Deepak , Joshi Rishi
Published: September 2024

In recent times, indoor air quality has become an important concern as it affects people’s health and comfort. According to WHO report, air pollution causes 7 million deaths every year. PM2.5 has been identified as a key pollutant which impacts human health causing diseases like stroke, heart diseases, breathing issues, cancer and so on [1].

In today's time, we travel by personal vehicle every day, commuting for hours. It is an extension to our homes. Unfortunately, due to frequent door and windows opening, the cabin air gets exposed to outside pollution, and we end up breathing pollutants. To mitigate the problem, air purifiers are added in the automobile.

As people are becoming more aware and conscious about good air quality, there is a growing demand for cabin interior air quality solutions for automobiles.

A popular approach is to add an air purifier inside cars like ones being used in our homes to bring down the PM2.5 levels. The air purifier consists of a filter, blower system, PM Sensor as well as a controller.

This paper involves evaluation & comparison of:

Different filter media such as pollen filter (HVAC Unit), PM2.5 filter (HVAC Unit),

Standalone air purifier & combination of HVAC Unit filters in automobile.
A Case Study of Engine Cooling System Simulation and Modelling for Air Conditioning Application in a Medium Duty Truck
Authors: Kiran Nalavadath , M S Vignesh
Published: September 2024

Climate across India varies from extreme Cold to extreme hot. As an objective to improve comfort to drivers during summer, it is mandate by Indian Government to introduce Air Conditioning in Trucks from June 2025. Air Conditioning system includes Evaporator, compressor, Condenser and expansion units. Condenser needs continuous air flow to reject the absorbed heat from driver cabin to surrounding air. This is possible by directing air through condenser by an external fan. For this condenser is remotely mounted with an electric driven fan or directly to the radiator-fan system. In this paper a case study is presented where Cooling system of a Non AC Intermediate Commercial Truck is modified for Air Conditioning application. Condenser is mounted on the radiator and the additional heat load is managed by a minor change in the system. Fan is operated based on coolant temperature and with additional controls for Air Conditioning. Simulations are done in a Thermal management software “KULI”. NON AC Vehicle Cooling trial results are used to predict the Coolant temperature in AC Vehicle.
Evaluations to Identify the Necessity of Thermal Protector in Automotive Air Conditioning Compressor (Vane Type) in a Hot Climate Country
Authors: Mittal Sachin , Saha Aniket , Kumar Mukesh , Umbarkar Shriganesh
Published: September 2024

In automotive air conditioning systems, compressor is used to convert low pressure low temperature refrigerant into high pressure high temperature refrigerant. Various types of compressors like swash plate, rotary vane, scroll etc. are widely used in the automotive industry for air conditioning applications.

In rotary vane compressors, thermal protector is used as a safety device, designed to prevent the compressor from overheating during refrigerant compression process. When the discharge temperature exceeds the preset limit of thermal protector, the thermal protector will activate and stop the electrical supply to compressor clutch to stop the compressor operation thereby preventing potential damage to air conditioning system, engine, and other nearby parts of the vehicle.

This technical paper explores the various real-world scenarios for a hot country like India, which may result into higher discharge temperatures of compressor resulting into activation of thermal protector. The research encompasses vehicle level evaluations, replicating real world operating scenarios or misuse scenarios that may be evaluated for a vehicle with different load conditions of the air conditioning system and environmental conditions to consider the deletion of thermal protector from the system. The results of this analysis will be imperative in identifying the conditions that must be evaluated to justify the elimination of thermal protector in a particular compressor, assuring that the system's reliability and safety remains intact.
Thermal Management of E-Components in EV Using Passive Cooling Technique (an Overmould Concept)
Authors: Rajasekaran Arun Prasad , Rajendran Rathin , Badiger Shashikanth
Published: September 2024

Thermal management in electric vehicles plays a significant role, in keeping all the electronic components under the safe operating region for lower power dissipation, higher efficiency and this increases the component’s life. Based on the increase in range of e-vehicles, the power dissipation requirement had increased from OEMs. In addition, the compact size, weight, and limited cooling technique have increased the thermal management requirements in printed circuit boards (PCB). In a passive cooling technique, high thermally conductive metal with plastic overmould concept in PCB cover or housing will have a huge advantage in transferring the heat from e-components to keep within operating temperature conditions [1, 6]. The advantage of alumina or mica metal insert is that it has higher thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity, which helps to dissipate the heat at a higher level when it is locally in contact with hot spot regions of the PCB. This concept also helps to reduce the mass of the products by having plastic overmould [3] housing instead of a die-cast housing. This passive cooling technique will boost thermal management in PCB e-components, irrespective of all vehicle applications [1, 4].
Multiscale and Multidomain Digital Twins for Vehicle Thermal Management Applications
Authors: Palacio Torralba Javier , Kapoor Sangeet , Jaybhay Sambhaji , Locks Olaf , Kulkarni Shridhar Diliprao , Shah Geet
Published: September 2024

Effective thermal management is crucial for vehicles, impacting both passenger comfort and safety, as well as overall energy efficiency. Electric vehicles (EVs) are particularly sensitive to thermal considerations, as customers often experience range anxiety. Improving efficiency not only benefits customers by extending vehicle range and reducing operational costs but also provides manufacturers with a competitive edge and potential revenue growth. Additionally, efficient thermal management contributes to minimizing the environmental impact of the vehicle throughout its lifespan.

Digital twins have gained prominence across various industries due to their ability to accelerate development while minimizing testing costs. Some applications have transitioned to comprehensive three-dimensional models, while others employ model reduction techniques or hybrid approaches that combine different modeling methods. The discovery of unknown working mechanisms, more efficient and effective control systems are some of the benefits brought by digital twins.

The current competitive market conditions in the automotive industry and in particular in the Indian market requires a fast and cost-effective method to develop and test novel features. This is specially pressing for features with significant energy consumption due to the impact they have on range of electric vehicles (EV) and consequently on the perception of the customers and even the revenue of the company.

In this study we present a digital twin of the HVAC system in a vehicle that facilitates a transition between lengthy and computationally expensive CFD simulations of both in-cabin and external flows with fast, real-time capable simulations for embedded applications. We show how this digital twin strategy informs control strategies to reduce operational costs and discover new system behaviors which could lead to further control improvements. The proposed digital twin approach minimizes reliance on the specific vehicle model, allowing for rapid implementation and adaptability.
A Methodology for Temperature Control during Blending Operation in an Automobile HVAC System without Using Heater
Authors: Dimble Nilesh Ashok , Dube Abhijit , Tadigadapa Suresh , Shah Geet , Kulkarni Shridhar
Published: September 2024

The heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) system maintains thermal comfort inside car cabin. The thermal comfort to the occupant is achieved either by cooling, heating or blending the hot and cold air stream. The hot air stream is generated by blowing air over the heater mechanism (conventional coolant type or PTC heater). The design of efficient HVAC system is the fine balance between thermal comfort all along the year with varying weather conditions and at minimum power consumption. Air-conditioning system can significantly impact fuel economy of conventional vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and range in case of electric vehicle (EV). In the modern EVs electrically operated heater consumes substantial battery power which may adversely affect the vehicle mileage. While using such electrical heater at extremely cold ambient condition is necessary, for certain air blending conditions, usage of the electrical heater can consume the battery power which if conserved, will contribute in improving vehicle mileage. This paper presents an innovative method of air blending without using heater. This is achieved by providing an air by-pass valve and ducting arrangement parallel to evaporator. During the blending operation, the bypass valve regulates certain percentage of ambient air to mix with conditioned air at evaporator outlet. With the help of a case study and 1D CAE simulations, this paper attempts to evaluate effect of different air mixing ratios on air temperature at evaporator out.
RELIGIUSITAS DALAM NOVEL DOMPET AYAH SEPATU IBU KARYA J.S. KHAIREN DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA SEBAGAI PEMBELAJARAN KARAKTER DI SMK
Authors: Ardiawati Raden Rista , Devi Wika Soviana
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini memanfaatkan sastra sebagai sarana kritik religiusitas melalui novel Dompet Ayah Sepatu Ibu karya J.S. Khairen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana religiusitas pada Novel Dompet Ayah Sepatu Ibu karya J.S Khairen dapat membentuk watak peserta didik kelas XII SMK melalui penggambaran tokoh serta alur cerita dalam karya sastra. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Desain penelitian ini mengacu pada teori Cresswell meliputi 1) perencanaan, 2) pelaksana, 3) pengumpul data, 4) implementasi data, dan 5 ) pelapor hasil penelitian. Pengumpulan data dengan teknik wawancara, observasi, dan angket. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas XII SMK Puspita Bangsa. Desain penelitian ini merangkum kutipan-kutipan pada novel yang mencerminkan nilai religiusitas. Penelitian ini menemukan 3 kutipan pada novel yang menggambarkan nilai akidah. Terdapat 3 kutipan yang menggambarkan nilai akhlak. Terdapat 4 kutipan yang menggambarkan nilai ibadah. Berdasarkan hasil dari tanggapan peserta diidk mengenai nilai religiusitas dalam novel Dompet Ayah Sepatu Ibu karya J.S. Khairen. Terdapat tanggapan peserta didik yaitu nilai akidah sebanyak 17, nilai akhlak sebanyak 18 dan nilai ibadah sebanyak 26. Hasil kuesioner menunjukan bahwa novel Dompet Ayah Sepatu Ibu karya J.S Khairen mampu membantu peserta didik guna mengimplementasikan nilai religiusitas pada kegiatan sosial masyarakat yang peserta didik jalani.AbstractThis research uses literature as a means of criticizing religiosity through the novel Dompet Ayah Shoes Ibu by J.S. Khairen. This research aims to determine the extent to which religiosity in the novel Dompet Ayah Shoes Ibu by J.S Khairen can shape the character of class XII vocational school students through the depiction of characters and storylines in literary works. This study used descriptive qualitative method. This research design refers to Cresswell's theory including 1) planning, 2) implementing, 3) data collecting, 4) data implementation, and 5) reporting research results. Data collection using interview, observation and questionnaire techniques. The data source for this research is class XII students at Puspita Bangsa Vocational School. This research design summarizes quotes in the novel that reflect the value of religiosity. This research found 3 quotes in the novel that describe the value of faith. There are 3 quotes that describe moral values. There are 4 quotes that describe the value of worship. Based on the results of the students' responses regarding the value of religiosity in the novel Dompet Ayah Shoes Ibu by J.S. Khairen. There were student responses, namely the value of faith was 17, the moral value was 18 and the value of worship was 26. The results of the questionnaire show that the novel Dompet Ayah Shoes Ibu by J.S Khairen is able to help students implement the value of religiosity in the social activities of the community that students undertake.
lanskap Linguistik WUJUD PERTARUNGAN MULTILINGUAL: Kajian Lanskap Linguistik
Authors: Faizi Ahmad , Wahyuni Lilik , Islahuddin Islahuddin
Published: September 2024

Bentangan linguistic yang tersaji di ruang publik selalu menarik perhatian. Banyak peristiwa yang dapat diungkap di balik penggunaan bahasa tersebut. Lanskap linguistik sebagai salah satu disiplin ilmu dapat digunakan sebagai pisau bedah di dalam mengungkap bentangan linguistik yang tersaji. Artikel ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan hakikat dari lanskap linguistik dan bagaimana cara kerjanya di dalam mengungkap fenomina simbolik di balik bahasa. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode pustaka, data-data diperoleh dengan cara mengumpulkan beberapa artikel tentang lanskap linguistik. Hasilnya, Lanskap Linguistik sebagai sebuah teori menghaji beragam penggunaan bahasa di ruang publik. Sedangkan sebagai metode, Lanskap Linguistik dapat digunakan untuk mengungkap fenomena yang ada di balik pemanfaatan bahasa. Dalam operasionalnya, Lanskap Linguistik perlu memerhatikan prinsip strukturasi agar dapat mengungkap persoalan yang ada di balik bahasa dengan komprehensif. Sebagai sebuh teori dan metode, Lanskap Linguistik dapat dikawinkan dengan teori dan metode lain untuk mengkaji berbagai pemanfaatan bahasa di ruang publik.AbstractThe linguistic landscape presented in public spaces always attracts attention. Many events can be revealed behind the use of the language. Linguistic landscape as a discipline can be used as a scalpel in revealing the linguistic landscape presented. This article aims to describe the nature of the linguistic landscape and how it works in revealing the symbolic phenomena behind language. The method used is the library method, data is obtained by collecting several articles about the linguistic landscape. As a result, the Linguistic Landscape as a theory examines the various uses of language in public spaces. Meanwhile, as a method, the Linguistic Landscape can be used to reveal the phenomena behind the use of language. In its operation, the Linguistic Landscape needs to pay attention to the principle of structuration in order to comprehensively reveal the problems behind language. As a theory and method, the Linguistic Landscape can be combined with other theories and methods to study the various uses of language in public spaces..
Edifices Created with Precast and Prefabricated Components
Authors: Khan Ghufran Ahmad
Published: September 2024

Typically, the precast and prestressed concrete courses encompass various topics vital for understanding and applying the principles of prestressed concrete design and construction. This paper is designed to educate students on precast and prestressed concrete's theory and practical aspects, emphasizing the importance of understanding the mechanics, design principles, and construction techniques involved. By the end of this paper, one will have a solid foundation in working with these materials and be prepared to apply their knowledge in real-world scenarios. Comprehending the basic principles of prestressing, encompassing a range of systems and techniques employed within the field, is crucial for professionals in the industry. By delving into the core concepts of prestressing, individuals can gain a deeper insight into how this method enhances the structural integrity of various construction projects. Understanding the different systems and strategies utilized in prestressing allows engineers and architects to make informed decisions when designing and implementing their projects.
Theatrical art of North Ossetia during the period of cultural modernization of the 1920–1930s
Authors: Цориева И.Т.
Published: September 2024

В статье рассматривается уникальный по своей сути период рефор- мы театрального дела в многонациональной стране в 1920–1930-е гг., ставший для национальных культур рубежом перехода от любительских в основном теа- тральных объединений к профессиональным формам театрального искусства с государственным статусом. Отмечается, что в период культурной модерниза- ции театральное искусство в Северной Осетии развивалось в общей канве со- ветской культурной политики использования театра в качестве инструмента воспитания нового человека в ходе социалистического строительства.

The article examines a unique period of theatrical reform in a multinational country in the 1920-1930s, which became for national cultures the boundary of transition from mostly amateur theatrical associations to professional forms of theatrical art with state status. It is noted that during the period of cultural modernization, theatrical art in North Ossetia developed in the general mainstream of the Soviet cultural policy of using theater as a tool for educating a new person in the course of socialist construction
REFORMAS ESTATUTARIAS Y DECLARACIONES DE DERECHOS
Authors: BALAGUER CALLEJÓN FRANCISCO , ORTEGA ÁLVAREZ LUIS , CÁMARA VILLAR GREGORIO , MONTILLA MARTOS JOSÉ ANTONIO
Published: September 2024

En primer lugar, se han analizado los antecedentes de los derechos o principios en los estatutos anteriores a los reformados, así  como en los actualmente vigentes que no han sido objeto de reforma. También se han considerado las referencias competenciales que hubiera, en su caso, en relación con esos derechos o principios. En segundo lugar, se ha analizado la regulación contenida en los nuevos estatutos de autonomía y en los estatutos reformados, incluyendo las seis reformas ya culminadas: Valencia, Cataluña, Andalucía, Baleares, Aragón y Castilla y León. Se ha atendido también a la vinculación de los derechos o principios que son objeto de estudio con las competencias de la Comunidad Autónoma correspondiente, establecidas en los Estatutos de Autonomía. En tercer lugar, se ha conectado el derecho o principio con su matriz constitucional así como con los derechos o principios correspondientes en la Carta de Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea. Por último, se ha realizado una valoración personal sobre la aportación que puede suponer cada derecho o principio, teniendo en cuenta las cuestiones que previamente se han desarrollado en los distintos apartados que lo integran.
EMPIRICAL DATA FOR EUROPEAN TRANSITION COUNTRIES ON THE LINK BETWEEN FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
Authors: Kadriji Linda , Haxhimustafa Shenaj
Published: September 2024

This study uses market capitalization and the banking industry to examine the relationship between financial development and economic growth between 2000 and 2022. This research employs multiple approaches, including OLS, fixed and random effects, and Hausman-Taylor with instrumental variables. Our study provided well-specified results, demonstrating that financial development is statistically significant and positively affects real GDP per capita in European transition countries. Consequently, financial development has positive effects on real GDP per capita as well as being necessary to promote economic growth. According to the analysis, real GDP per capita growth is negatively impacted by both the financial crisis and total liabilities. These findings suggest that when these countries face financial turmoil, it impedes their ability to sustain economic expansion; likewise, higher levels of liquid liabilities are associated with a reduction in real GDP per capita. As a result, our methodology in European transition nations sheds new light on the link between financial development, financial crises, and real GDP per capita growth and provides significant insights for policymakers seeking a deeper understanding. The study is unique in that it aims to shed light on how financial development affects the growth of real GDP per capita in transitional European nations. Central banks and policymakers will find value in the study's conclusions.

 

JEL: C23, G28, O16

 

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FINANCIAL LITERACY OF THE PROPRIETORS AND ENTERPRISE PERFORMANCE OF RETAIL BUSINESSES IN KUTUS TOWN, KENYA
Authors: Muigai Robert Gitau , Mwangi Gideon
Published: September 2024

According to the Economic Survey report of 2023, approximately 83% of Kenyans are literate. This was supported by the preliminary survey conducted in Kutus, which showed that the majority of retail business owners were relatively literate. This study sought to establish the nexus between proprietor financial literacy and enterprise performance of retail businesses in Kutus town. The research was conducted in Kutus, Kirinyaga County, which has numerous retail outlets that pervaded different sectors. Specifically, the study sought to assess whether financial knowledge, financial competence, and financial experience possessed by retail business owners influence business performance. The study was anchored on the financial socialization theory. The study, whose target population comprised the retail businesses operating within Kutus town, adopted the descriptive research design. The study sampled 135 retail businesses using a systematic sampling technique. The study used primary data collected using structured questionnaires. Analysis of the collected data was performed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, and results were presented in tables and charts. The study found that all three constructs of the financial literacy variable had a positive and significant influence on the performance of retail outlets. The study, therefore, recommended that proprietors of business entities should retool their financial literacy skills in an effort to improve their entrepreneurial decisions. Further, Institutions of higher learning should develop and launch training programs tailor-made for entrepreneurs to plug the identified financial literacy gap.

 

JEL: L10; L20; M10; G20

 

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CYBERSECURITY AND THE AUTOMOTIVE SUPPLY CHAIN IN MOROCCO: EXPLORATORY STUDY
Authors: Kenza Raissouni , Zakia Errabih , Rajaa Raissouni , Rabih Raissouni Mohammed , Soukaina Charroud , Salmane Bourkkadi
Published: September 2024

Technological evolution exposes the Moroccan automotive supply chain to cyberattack risks, which could potentially lead to interruptions detrimental to operational continuity. In order to better understand the security measures currently in place to address these potential threats, an exploratory study was conducted within companies in the Moroccan automotive sector. This research was conducted through structured interviews, guided by specific questionnaires, with four carefully selected companies. The sample included two small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as well as two large companies in the automotive sector in Morocco. The results obtained from these interviews reveal significant differences in the level of awareness and security approach towards cyberattack risks among the different companies interviewed.

 

JEL: L91, L62, O33, D80, M15, R41

 

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THE NEXUS BETWEEN EARNINGS MANAGEMENT, CEO COMPENSATION, AND FIRM VALUE: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM THE NAIROBI SECURITIES EXCHANGE
Authors: Nyongesa Remmy Wekesa , Mwangi Cyrus I. , Wanjare Joshua M.
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the intricate relationships between earnings management, CEO compensation, and firm value within companies listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE). Utilizing a comprehensive dataset spanning 10 years, the research delves into how earnings management practices influence CEO compensation structures and, subsequently, the overall value of the firm. The study employs robust econometric models to analyze the interactions between these variables, shedding light on whether earnings management serves as a tool for CEOs to meet performance targets and enhance their compensation or if it detracts from the firm's long-term value. Empirical findings reveal significant correlations, indicating that firms engaging in higher levels of earnings management tend to exhibit more aggressive CEO compensation packages. Moreover, the study highlights the dual-edged nature of earnings management, showing its potential to positively and negatively impact firm value depending on the context and magnitude of such practices. The insights gained from this research contribute to the broader discourse on corporate governance, providing valuable implications for regulators, investors, and policymakers aiming to enhance the transparency and accountability of executive compensation and financial reporting practices in emerging markets.

 

JEL: G34, M41, J33, G32, C33, G15

 

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THE INFLUENCE OF STAFF COMPETENCE ON CREDIT RECOVERY IN DEPOSIT-TAKING MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS IN NAKURU COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Nyutu Jane Nyambura , Kung’u James N. , Gakobo Thomas W.
Published: September 2024

The study looked into how staff competencies affect loan recovery at deposit-taking microfinance firms in Nakuru County, Kenya. Microfinance institutions have evolved into self-sustaining financial organizations that provide credit for a fee and profit. Despite efforts to prevent loan defaults, MFIs are experiencing an increase in loan defaults. The study employed two theories: knowledge asymmetry and delegated borrower monitoring. The findings revealed that staff competencies had a substantial impact on credit recovery among MFIs. MFI management should guarantee that the crediting team has enough capacity to detect and prevent bad debt and that adverse debt reports are addressed promptly. Management and staff should inform clients about the repercussions of loan default, as bad debts lead to institutional failure.

 

JEL: G21, O16, D82, G32, M12

 

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ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHER PROFESSIONALISM IN MOZAMBIQUE
Authors: Gonçalves Gregório Jorge
Published: September 2024

Becoming a professional English language teacher is a challenge in Mozambique, as it moves beyond a simple teacher training process and acquisition of language tools for teaching. In Mozambique, English language teachers are trained in universities to attain Honour’s Degrees in English language teaching. Indeed, this is happening in all the provinces with less control and intervention of the National Council for Quality Evaluation. Achieving academic levels, obtaining certificates for contracts, and access to employment in the education sector are the main goals for many English language teachers. Thus, this paper is a critical analysis of the English language teacher professionalism in Mozambique, considering English as a foreign language used in several contexts, such as: universities, secondary schools, embassies, public and private institutions. Therefore, professional English language teachers play an essential role in the teaching and learning process and communication through the English language. The National Accreditation and Assessment Council (NAAC) in India and the Commonwealth of Learning in Canada (COL) Document (2007) and review of the professionalism of the English language teachers from Richards’ perspectives (2003, 2011, 2021) constitute the framework for the development of critical analysis of the current English language teacher professionalism in Mozambique. This study's qualitative approach was chosen based on discussions and reviews of several authors who have written about the professionalism of language teachers and English language teachers specifically. Practical examples and current praxis of professionalism are contextualised and brought out for solid suggestions and further improvements on the English language teacher competences and praxis. The discussions found out that a clear benchmarking and English language teacher training framework can help the teacher trainees to perform professionally and competently during and when they start teaching in the schools and become professionals not only in Mozambique but in countries where English is learnt as a foreign language.
 

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THE IMPACT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MOTIVATION ON PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS’ PERFORMANCE IN RWANDA - CASE STUDY: BRALIRWA PLC (2017-2020)
Authors: Hodari James
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of human resource motivation on the performance of private companies in Rwanda, specifically to assess the effectiveness of human resource motivation in Bralirwa PLC, within the period of 2017-2020. The targeted population of 80 staff members. The study used a primary method that involved questionnaires. A secondary method of data collection involved a desk review of relevant materials. Data collection was then analyzed using both Stata and SPSS software. The study indicated that there is a significant correlation between human resource motivation and private institutions in Rwanda. It was seen from analysis of responses, that there a correlation of 0.748(74.8%) is located in the interval [0.50-0.75[categorized as a positive and high correlation. As the significant level is at 0.01 (1%), the p-value of 0.000 (i.e., 0.0%) is less than 1%. This leads to confirm that there is a significant relationship between Human Resource Motivation and the performance of private companies in Bralirwa PLC. The training program is put in place where employees must be trained about their work and jobs in order to carrying out their work easily with a good attitude and confidence. 90% of respondents received training as a motivating factor toward performance. As the majority has been trained, it shows that employees are motivated by that additional ability to work, as they are working in changing environment. As the table above indicates, 21.5% of respondents told us that promotion depends on how the employee is committed to work, 34.3% said that promotion depends on service rendered, 7.1% said that promotion is based on the level of education of employees and 37.1% of respondents said that promotion depends on the employee professional experience. In general, the total asset turnover of Bralirwa PLC has good results in sales in four years in 67.6% in 2017, 73.4% in 2018, 82.7% in 2019 and 78.9 in 2020, in this way, investment in total asset in Bralirwa PLC is efficient. Based on information found from respondents and the questionnaire used during the research period, first hypothesis saying that there is effective human resource motivation in Bralirwa PLC is applied effectively has been verified and confirmed. The study recommends that Bralirwa should enhance human resource mobility to maintain production hence effective performance. They conclude that there is a significant correlation between human resource motivation and private institutions in Rwanda.
 

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MANAGEMENT OF PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN VINH LONG CITY, VINH LONG PROVINCE, VIETNAM
Authors: Nhung Duong Cam , Dan Thai Cong
Published: September 2024

The study with the questionnaires investigated the present status of professional development management at three primary schools in Vinh Long City, Vinh Long Province, in the Mekong Delta region, South Vietnam including Chu Van An, Nguyen Hue, and Le Loi with 140 respondents, including 8 school managers and 132 teachers. This research aimed to survey the current situation of management of professional development (PD) training activities for teachers in primary schools in Vinh Long City, Vinh Long Province and to propose measures to manage professional training activities for teachers. The finding revealed that managing professional training activities for primary teachers needs in Vinh Long City, to ensure that the activities are both scientific and artistic. It needed to be carried out toward set plans and systems, ensuring proper implementation of principles, functions and timely and scientific inspection, evaluation and adjustment. It also requires skillful and flexible application of experience and accumulated knowledge in human-to-human relationships, which helps teachers have full knowledge and professional skills to perform well teaching and education work.
 

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UNLOCKING POTENTIAL: THE POWER OF SELF-EFFICACY AND ENGAGEMENT IN ENHANCING JOB PERFORMANCE IN MALAYSIA’S F&B MANUFACTURING SECTOR
Authors: Kanapathipillai Kumaran , Masngat Najjah Wahidah Binti , Khai Liew Chee , Parajuli Anjila
Published: September 2024

The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between employees’ self-efficacy components (behavioural, cognitive and motivational engagement) and their job performance in the F&B manufacturing sector in Klang Valley, Malaysia. In this study, researchers explored how cognitive engagement, defined as a worker’s intention to engage in their work, motivational engagement or the drive to exceed their tasks’ requirements and achieve excellence and behavioural engagement, which refers to an employee's positive attitude towards their work, were predicted from self-efficacy. Overall, self-efficacy is an individual’s firm belief that (s)he can succeed in performing a specific task. The quantitative survey method was applied, and the sample included 183 employees who work in the food and beverage manufacturing sector in Klang Valley. The results illustrate that while behavioural engagement has not been proven to have a substantial influence on the job performance of an employee, both cognitive and motivational engagement have greatly impacted job performance with a significant positive relationship. Cognitive engagement can be seen as an individual’s enthusiasm and willingness to put in effort to be able to accomplish any specific task. As such, it has demonstrated a significant relationship with job performance. Motivational engagement, or the desire to outdo specific task requirements and avail high-quality performance, was also significant and had a positive impact on job performance. On the other hand, behavioural engagement, which refers to an employee's positive attitude towards their work, which enhances motivation and performance in organizational activities has revealed an insignificant influence on job performance. Thus, this study has proven the need for any organization to enhance both cognitive and motivational engagement in order to improve the performance of all employees, along with the success of such organizations.

 

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EFFECT OF WORK-LIFE BALANCE ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION OF EGERTON UNIVERSITY ACADEMIC STAFF, NAKURU COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Gundi Charity Nyangati , Tumwet Emily Chepsero , Bowen Daisy
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the effect of work-life balance on employee retention among academic staff at Egerton University in Nakuru County, Kenya. Specifically, it examined the impact of flexible working arrangements on employee retention. The research employed a causal research design with a sample size of 202 academic staff members, determined using the Taro Yamane formula. Data was collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis. The findings revealed a strong positive correlation (R = 0.863) between flexible working arrangements and employee retention, with flexible working arrangements explaining 74.5% of the variance in employee retention. The study found that aspects such as flexible teaching schedules, work setups that boost improvement, and arrangements that enhance job satisfaction and reduce job stress significantly contribute to employee retention. However, the research also highlighted areas of concern, particularly the lack of flexibility in granting time off for personal matters. The study concludes that implementing flexible working policies can significantly enhance employee retention among academic staff. These findings contribute to the growing body of literature on work-life balance and employee retention in higher education institutions, particularly in the Kenyan context.
 

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EMPLOYEE ATTITUDE ON JOB PERFORMANCE: ASSESSING ITS UPSHOTS IN A SELECTED TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN GHANA
Authors: Owusu Joseph , Dapaah Gabriel Amoah , Livingston Belinda Edem , Awasu Agnes Kyeremaa
Published: September 2024

This study was conducted to assess the effects of employee attitude on job performance at the Sunyani Technical University using survey data. The quantitative research design was used in the study. A structured questionnaire was the main instrument used to obtain data from 135 respondents from the estimated 450 population. SPSS (v.21) was used to analyse the data. The study found that employees’ attitudes positively or negatively influence the performance of the university under study. It was also discovered that employees’ attitudes are formed and shaped by several factors, which can be both internal and external. The study measured certain variables for the purpose of achieving the study objective against how these influence employee productivity, and the study concluded that employee involvement and engagement, Job satisfaction, lateness to work, and employee absenteeism have a significant effect on job performance. Nonetheless, the study also discovered that organisational commitment, dispositional personality causes and cultural causes, intrinsic job factors and organizational factors have insignificant effects on employee productivity. The study concludes that an employee’s attitude partially predicts employee performance. The study recommends that management motivate employees to improve their work productivity.
 

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UNVEILING THE CAUSAL LINK BETWEEN MONITORING STRATEGIES INSTRUCTION AND EFL READING COMPREHENSION OUTCOMES AMONG MOROCCAN ENGLISH DEPARTMENT UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: A METACOGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Msaddek Mohammed
Published: September 2024

The current study, being part and parcel of my unpublished doctoral dissertation which is entitled “Moroccan EFL Students’ Learning of Cognitive and Metacognitive Reading Strategies: Rabat FLHS Semester One Students as a Case Study” (defended in 2015), is intended to unravel the conceived impact of comprehension-monitoring strategies instruction (self-monitoring, self-questioning, and rereading) on the first-semester English Department learners’ reading comprehension scores. It is a manifestation of the extended depth and scope of the conducted explicit training in monitoring strategies, as high-order metacognitive heuristics, in the promotion of the learners’ text-processing mode and reading performance in English (L3). With a view to achieving this stated goal, 113 first-semester university students (Control Group: N= 50; Experimental Group: N= 63) undertaking their studies in the English Department took part in this quasi-experimental study. The data were gathered through the implementation of the strategy training, a select range of ‘experimental’ reading comprehension texts (i.e., narrative, expository), and narrative and expository reading tests (pre-tests and post-tests). The research findings reveal that instruction in L3 comprehension monitoring strategies resulted in positive reading achievement gains at post-testing among the experimental group. As to the control group, it did not exhibit any developmental progress at the level of the reading scores across the pre-post-test continuum. Thus, some action-oriented recommendations and implications relative to the undertaken research study, as well as a few limitations, are plausibly brought forth.

 

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ANALYSIS OF WOLE SOYINKA’S THE BEATIFICATION OF AREA BOY AS A MEDIUM OF POSITIVE CHANGE IN OUR SOCIETY
Authors: Okundare Benson Kayode , Ogbudu Tony Aduma
Published: September 2024

This paper is a critical analysis of Soyinka’s The Beatification of the Area Boy, which centers on the different displays of power at different historical periods in Nigeria. It is a reaction of Wole Soyinka to changes within Nigerian society, that is, his reaction to sociopolitical events in Nigeria during the military regime in Nigeria. The play is set in the city of Lagos during the military government which was in power then, and it revolves around Sanda (the king of the Area Boys), a university dropout who is very smart and intelligent. In other words, the play is a satire that traces the life of a group of “Area Boys”, which ends in the marriage between Sanda and Miseyi. In Nigerian society, the “Area Boys” are generally viewed as thugs, thieves, miscreants and pranksters. However, Soyinka portrays them as a group of people who are responsible, intelligent and dutiful and who are only going on their business so as to survive the hardships brought about by the prevailing situation in the country because of bad governance. This paper examines the shifting structures of power from the oppressive and dictatorial hands of the military to the area boys who represent the oppressed citizens of the country, hence, a positive political change. The Beatification of the Area Boy, therefore, is a satirical play that exposes the ills in our society embodied in our leaders.

 

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