bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subespécies de Capital Simbólico no Contexto da Gestão Ordinária
Authors: Euflausino Mariana Aparecida , Ichikawa Elisa Yoshie
Published: July 2022

Resumo O objetivo deste ensaio teórico é defender o reconhecimento de subespécies de capital simbólico, diante do contexto das práticas cotidianas de trabalho, da gestão ordinária. O tema da gestão ordinária é relevante e escasso na área de administração. Trata-se de uma perspectiva que se distancia do mainstream da administração e fomenta o olhar para compreender outras formas de gestão relacionadas ao cotidiano do Homem ordinário. Portanto, refletimos sobre a necessidade de reconhecer recursos e capitais peculiares a essa maneira comum de realizar gestão, na qual o capital econômico e cultural são precários aos seus agentes e os capitais precisam ser reconhecidos a partir dos efeitos do simbólico. Assim, discutimos essa proposta a partir das abordagens teórico-epistêmicas de Michel de Certeau sobre a arte de fazer o cotidiano e a perspectiva de capital simbólico no contexto teórico da prática de Pierre Bourdieu. Assumimos a pluralidade do conceito de capital, mas, sobretudo, buscamos aproximar a compreensão de capital à realidade de uma gestão ordinária. Portanto, propomos uma inversão da comum perspectiva de capital relacionada ao “distinto” e ao “glamour” , fomentada em uma concepção dominante da administração. Sugerimos reconhecer subespécies de capital simbólico, que habitam o popular, o “vulgar”, logo, o não “distinto”. Este estudo contribui para os estudos organizacionais ao abrir espaço para que se reconheçam os recursos que configuram a prática da gestão de pequenos empreendimentos de sobrevivência, que expressam a realidade cotidiana de empreendimentos no contexto de países emergentes.
TEACHER TRAINING AND ESSENTIAL VALUES FOR EDUCATION IN A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY
Authors: Siqueira Felipe Queiroz , Freitas Lia Beatriz de Lucca
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT In order to help students’ development, it is important for teachers to achieve autonomy. Teacher training can stimulate experiences that favor adherence to justice, respect, solidarity and democratic coexistence. This study investigates whether the quality of training - initial and continuing - of teachers in the Final Years of Elementary School, in , is related to adherence to essential values for moral education. total of 260 professors, aged 23 to 70, mostly women, participated. The following were used: (a) Teacher Profile Questionnaire, (b) IEQ, (c) CEQ and (d) SMVS. The following were performed: (a) cluster analysis, (b) ANOVAS and (c) Kruskal-Wallis. Teachers showed greater adherence to justice and democratic coexistence; minor to respect. For justice, there was a difference between high and low quality continuing education. High quality continuing education can promote adherence to values. It is important that training initiatives address values in a non-dogmatic way, promoting dialogue and criticism.
Acute kidney injury outcomes in covid-19 patients: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Silva Beatriz Moreira , Assis Letícia Cristina Silva De , Batista Júnior Maurício De Castro , Gonzalez Naara Affonso Philipps , Anjos Samuel Benni Dos , Goes Miguel Angelo
Published: July 2022

Abstract Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19). Therefore, we decided to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis with data from the literature to relate the development of COVID-19 associated-AKI with comorbidities, medications, and the impact of mechanical ventilation. Methods: We performed a systematic review using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and a meta-analysis using the R program. Relevant studies were searched in the PubMed, Medline, and SciELO electronic databases. Search filters were used to include reports after 2020 and cohort studies. Results: In total, 1166 articles were identified and 55 English-written articles were included based on the risk of bias. Of all COVID-19-hospitalized patients presenting with AKI (n = 18029) classified as Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes stage 1 to 3, approximately 18% required mechanical ventilation and 39.2 % died. Around 11.3% of the patients required kidney replacement therapy (KRT) and of these, 1093 died and 321 required continuous KRT. Death is more frequent in individuals with AKI [OR 6.03, 95%CI: 5.73-6.74; p<0.01]. Finally, mechanical ventilation is an aggravating factor in the clinical conditions studied [OR 11.01, 95%CI: 10.29-11.77; p<0.01]. Conclusion: Current literature indicates AKI as an important complication in COVID-19. In this context, we observed that comorbidities, such as chronic kidney disease and heart failure, were more related to the development of AKI. In addition, mechanical ventilation was seen as an aggravating factor in this scenario.
Desfechos de lesão renal aguda em pacientes com covid-19: revisão sistemática e metanálise
Authors: Silva Beatriz Moreira , Assis Letícia Cristina Silva De , Batista Júnior Maurício De Castro , Gonzalez Naara Affonso Philipps , Anjos Samuel Benni Dos , Goes Miguel Angelo
Published: July 2022

Resumo Antecedentes: Lesão renal aguda (LRA) é uma complicação frequente da doença do coronavírus-19 (COVID-19). Desta forma, decidimos realizar uma revisão sistemática e uma metanálise com dados da literatura para relacionar o desenvolvimento de LRA associada à COVID-19 com comorbidades, medicamentos e o impacto da ventilação mecânica. Métodos: Realizamos uma revisão sistemática usando a escala de Newcastle-Ottawa e uma metanálise utilizando o programa R. Estudos relevantes foram pesquisados nos bancos de dados eletrônicos PubMed, Medline e SciELO. Foram utilizados filtros de pesquisa para incluir relatos após 2020 e estudos de coorte. Resultados: No total, foram identificados 1166 artigos, e foram incluídos 55 artigos escritos em língua inglesa com base no risco de viés. De todos os pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 apresentando LRA (n = 18029) classificados como Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes estágios 1 a 3, aproximadamente 18% necessitaram de ventilação mecânica e 39,2% foram a óbito. Cerca de 11,3% dos pacientes necessitaram de terapia renal substitutiva (TRS) e destes, 1093 foram a óbito e 321 necessitaram de TRS contínua. O óbito é mais frequente em indivíduos com LRA [OR 6,03; IC95%: 5,73-6,74; p<0,01]. Por fim, a ventilação mecânica é um fator agravante nas condições clínicas estudadas [OR 11,01; IC95%: 10,29-11,77; p<0,01]. Conclusão: A literatura atual indica a LRA como uma complicação importante na COVID-19. Neste contexto, observamos que comorbidades, como doença renal crônica e insuficiência cardíaca, estiveram mais relacionadas ao desenvolvimento de LRA. Além disso, a ventilação mecânica foi vista como um fator agravante neste cenário.
Produção e transmissão de conhecimentos em coletivos kaingang
Authors: Silva Sergio Baptista da
Published: July 2022

Resumo O artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre as relações entre sistema xamânico, produção e transmissão de conhecimentos e corporalidade, a partir de uma etnografia junto a professores bilíngues da rede escolar estadual de Educação Básica do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, e junto a sábios e intelectuais indígenas kaingang. Igualmente, tenho a intenção de retomar a discussão de práticas próprias de aprendizagem, etnografadas durante os anos de 2013 a 2015, em contextos de oficinas e encontros de formação continuada de professores durante a realização da ação “Saberes Indígenas na Escola, Núcleo UFRGS”, analisando os atuais processos de escolarização em coletivos kaingang no Sul do Brasil. A partir da discussão de sua sócio-cosmo-ontologia relacional, apresento e analiso duas concepções de produção e transmissão de conhecimentos kaingang, que coexistem e estão complexamente interrelacionadas e conectadas: uma tradição cosmo-ontológica (produção e transmissão do conhecimento a partir das agências exercidas entre todos os existentes do cosmos – humanos e extra-humanos) e uma tradição oral-iconográfica, que se consolida nas ações cujo aprendizado se conforma nas práticas sociais, nos mitos, nos rituais e nas imagens, e que enfatiza a reciprocidade entre humanos, alicerçada nos saberes e fazeres dos seus anciães, sábios e intelectuais.
Emergent contaminants in spring rivers and their relation to the benthic macroinvertebrates
Authors: Baudisch Steffany Katherine , Goulart Franciane de Almeida Brehm , Antonelli Jhonatas , Azevedo Julio César , Brauko Kalina Manabe
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT To determine the presence of emergent contaminants in aquatic environments and to evaluate responses of the dominant taxa of benthic macrofauna, seven stations were sampled along three rivers that serve as public water suppliers in three sampling campaigns, in the Upper Iguassu Basin, Brazil. Concentrations of ethinylestradiol, fenofibrate, ibuprofen and triclosan were detected in the water and sediment. To correlate patterns of distribution and abundance benthic fauna with the various contaminants found a redundancy analysis (RDA) was applied and showed positive relationships between faunal groups, that indicate stress (such as Tubificinae), and emerging pollutants (such as ibuprofen and ethinylestradiol). The analysis also showed that the most influential variables in the distribution of the fauna were exclusively anthropogenic, which shows that these compounds can be harmful and that the rivers destined for the supply are receiving pollutant loads.
Parentalidades híbridas: circulación, apropiación y mercantilización de biomaterias primas
Authors: Izrael Estefania , Ayala Estefania , Roca Alejandra , Stefanini Margarita Caruso
Published: July 2022

Resumen Las tecnologías de fertilización in vitro involucran una articulación tensa y contradictoria de sentidos hegemónicos establecidos en sistemas de creencias y normas respecto de la reproducción, la herencia genética, el parentesco, las identidades, las sexualidades, la naturaleza, lo sagrado, los cuerpos y el control y producción de la vida. A partir de experiencias etnográficas provenientes de entrevistas en profundidad realizadas entre los años 2007 y 2010 y entre 2017 y 2021 a trabajadoras en agencias de gestación por sustitución en Estados Unidos, profesionales vinculadas con los procedimientos en clínicas de fertilidad en Argentina y usuarios/as que acudieron a estas prácticas, este trabajo analiza las diferentes dimensiones y componentes que intervienen en los procedimientos de fertilización asistida: cuando las prácticas movilizan actores “aliados” al proyecto de paternidad y maternidad, las relaciones de poder y subalternidad resultan invisibilizadas en las transacciones. De forma simultánea, estas resultan imprescindibles para la producción material de las “parentalidades híbridas” en las que contextos particulares brindan interpretaciones y sensibilidades “situadas” en la trayectoria histórico-política argentina.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DE PAULO FREIRE PARA A EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS UMA REVISÃO NARRATIVA
Authors: Morais Jocasta Maria Oliveira , Oliveira Francisco Thiago Chaves de , Nóbrega-Therrien Silvia Maria , Souza Sarlene Gomes de
Published: July 2022

Mesmo após 50 anos do lançamento da obra Pedagogia do Oprimido de Paulo Frei é perceptível suas contribuições para o campo da Educação. Este artigo dialogar sobre educação para jovens e adultos orientados aos princípios Freirianos. Para isto, elaboramos uma revisão tendo como Âncora e Pedagogia Oprimido do livro científico, a saber: (I) da essência humana e do conhecimento (II) da relação indivíduo-sociedade; (III) da relação teoria-prática e da relação objetividade-subjetividade; (IV) das Fins Sociais da Educação e do Lugar do Professor no Processo Educativo.Como resultado, o resultado que a pedagogia de Paulo Freire é resultado de uma longa jornada de vida, do caminhar de um homem entre suas origens, seu mundo, vivências, leituras contato com outros sujeitos. Suas ideias pedagógicas e humanísticas partem do micro para o macrocosmo, do mundo das classes menos favorecidas em contraponto ao mundo dos privilegiados. No campo da educação com jovens e adultos, tomar Paulo Freire como um educador inclusivo, significa, dentre outros aspectos, construir conhecimentos que considerem a diversidade de visões do mundo dos sujeitos envolvidos e a possibilidade de processo de humanização.
How greater data access will make civil engineering and construction more productive
Authors: Parkes Gareth
Published: July 2022

Remote-working and other innovative technology developed during the Covid-19 pandemic is now helping the civil engineering and wider construction industry to save money and create new high-value, data-driven jobs. In the UK this is being driven forward by bodies such as the Construction Data Trust and Project Data Analytics Task Force. This paper explores how data has empowered the construction sector during Covid-19 and the role of the industry in harnessing this work for future collective benefit in a post-pandemic recovery.
Early development of the Dutch cone penetrometer test
Authors: Wesley Laurence D , Dobie Michael J D
Published: July 2022

The cone penetration test (CPT) was developed in the Netherlands in the early 1930s as a deep-sounding apparatus that measured cone resistance and was used to assess the distribution of alluvial soils and peat. It was developed further by increasing the push-down force to provide a method of designing piles. During the 1940s, improvements were made by increasing the push-down force, also improving the probe geometry and test procedure. One of the most important developments of the CPT was made in Indonesia by Dutch engineers in the 1950s, who added the friction sleeve used to measure local friction. The data from this device were used in an empirical design method to determine the bearing capacity of friction piles. The device became known as the ‘mechanical CPT’ and has now been superseded by probes with the same basic dimensions but with loads and pressures measured locally using transducers. The modern ‘electric CPT’ offers significant advantages; however, there are still places where the mechanical CPT is used widely, such as in Indonesia. It should be appreciated that there can be significant differences in the measured parameters, such that awareness of the type of probe being used is important, as are the methods of interpretation.
Have European ‘smart cities’ initiatives improved the quality of their citizens’ lives?
Authors: Paskaleva Krassimira , Cooper Ian
Published: July 2022

Over the last decade, the EU has promoted the use of Smart City initiatives (SCIs) to – amongst other goals – improve citizens’ quality of life (QoL). This paper examines whether literature in the public domain contains empirical evidence validating the causal relationship posited between SCIs and QoL, asking: Have European ‘smart city’ initiatives improved the quality of their citizens’ lives? A broadly based literature review was undertaken to discover whether those chronicling such initiatives report success – in terms of achieving the objectives/benefits they set themselves. The findings show that published evidence dealing with this causal relationship is scant. Existing literature is strong on upfront promotion of the need for SCIs but weak on what they have delivered on the ground. Like the meaning of QoL itself in SC initiatives, the ‘benefits’ delivered on this front are not unpacked. So, despite their decade long history, the performance of, and outcomes from European SC initiatives remain poorly understood – partly owing to the dearth of published evidence about these issues, compounded by the inadequate research designs adopted for such initiatives, with insufficient attention given to reporting on their implementation or to evaluations of what they have achieved in practice.
Perceptual factors license vocalic contrasts in Chamorro
Authors: Bibbs Richard Lee
Published: July 2022

In Chamorro, a typically neutralized contrast between mid and high vowels is preserved before intervocalic laryngeals. This preservation of contrast is shown to be an instance of patterned exceptionality. Rather than being a result of syllable structure or the typical lowering pattern of high to mid vowels in Chamorro, this exceptionality is instead conditioned by perceptual factors. The phonetic context provided by intervocalic laryngeals provides external cues pertaining to the quality of the preceding vowel, enabling the preservation of underlying contrast. This paper will demonstrate that laryngeals allow more robust acoustic information for perceiving vowel height (F1) when compared to supralaryngeal consonants. The continuation of vocalic F1 into and through the laryngeal provides more cues to the preceding vowel’s quality, allowing an underlying mid-high contrast to surface faithfully in this “exceptional” environment. This supports theories that integrate phonetic information into the synchronic phonology. The licensing of contrast provided by intervocalic laryngeals carries with it both typological and experimental predictions regarding the patterning of laryngeal consonants and the perceptual environment they provide.
Marginal contrast in loanword phonology: Production and perception
Authors: Martin Alexander , van Heugten Marieke , Kager René , Peperkamp Sharon
Published: July 2022

Though Dutch is usually described as lacking a voicing contrast at the velar place of articulation, due to intense language contact and heavy lexical borrowing, a contrast between /k/ and /g/ has recently been emerging. We explored the status of this contrast in Dutch speakers in both production and perception. We asked participants to produce loanwords containing a /g/ in the source language (e.g., goal) and found a range of productions, including a great many unadapted [g] tokens. We also tested the same speakers on their perception of the emerging [k] ~ [g] contrast and found that our participants were able to discriminate the emerging contrast well. We additionally explored the possibility that those speakers who use the new contrast more in production are also better at perceiving it, but we did not observe strong evidence of such a link. Overall, our results indicate that the adoption of the new sound is well advanced in the population we tested, but is still modulated by individual-level factors. We hold that contrasts emerging through borrowing, like other phonological contrasts, are subject to perceptual and functional constraints, and that these and other ‘marginal contrasts’ must be considered as full-fledged parts of phonology.
Unemployment Insurance in Survey and Administrative Data
Authors: Larrimore Jeff , Mortenson Jacob , Splinter David
Published: July 2022

Unemployment Insurance (UI) benefits were a central part of the social safety net during the Covid-19 recession. UI benefits, however, are severely understated in surveys. Using administrative tax data, we find that over half of UI benefits were missed in major survey data, with a greater understatement among low-income workers. As a result, 2020 official poverty rates were overstated by about 2 percentage points, and corrected poverty reached a six-decade low. We provide data to correct underreporting in surveys and show that, compared to UI benefits, the UI exclusion tax expenditure was less targeted at low incomes.
Integrating Prediction and Attribution to Classify News
Authors: Rayl Nelson P. , Sinha Nitish R.
Published: July 2022

Recent modeling developments have created tradeoffs between attribution-based models, models that rely on causal relationships, and “pure prediction models” such as neural networks. While forecasters have historically favored one technology or the other based on comfort or loyalty to a particular paradigm, in domains with many observations and predictors such as textual analysis, the tradeoffs between attribution and prediction have become too large to ignore. We document these tradeoffs in the context of relabeling 27 million Thomson Reuters news articles published between 1996 and 2021 as debt-related or non-debt related. Articles in our dataset were labeled by journalists at the time of publication, but these labels may be inconsistent as labeling standards and the relation between text and label has changed over time. We propose a method for identifying and correcting inconsistent labeling that combines attribution and pure prediction methods and is applicable to any domain with human-labeled data. Implementing our proposed labeling solution returns a debt-related news dataset with 54% more observations than if the original journalist labels had been used and 31% more observation than if our solution had been implemented using attribution-based methods only.
Early-onset malignant solid tumours in young adult South Africans - an audit based on histopathological records of patients seen at the three academic hospitals in Johannesburg
Authors: Ugare U , Bombil I , Luvhengo T
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND: Malignant tumours in adolescents and young adults (AYA) are referred to as early-onset cancers. This study analysed the histopathological profile of malignant solid tumours in AYA. METHODS: Records of patients who had confirmed malignant solid tumours were retrieved. Data collected included the treating hospital, year of presentation, age and histological diagnosis. The commonly diagnosed malignant tumours in AYA were compared with tumours in older adults. A p-value below 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: A total of 61 828 records were retrieved and 29 974 were excluded. Additionally, 10 55 post-excision results from AYA were excluded. Of the remaining 30 799 records, 13.1% (4 032/30 799) were diagnosed in AYA, of which 18.2% (734/4 032) were in-situ lesions. Overall, 11% (3 298/30 065) of invasive tumours were from the AYA. The majority, 81.1% (3 269/4 032), of invasive and non-invasive malignant tumours in AYA were from females. Breast and cervical cancer constituted 29.2% (962/3 298) and 23.2% (766/3 298) of diagnosed cancers in AYA, respectively. Ten (0.3%) cases of prostate and 0.4% (12/3 298) of lung cancers were reported in AYA. CONCLUSION: Eleven per cent of invasive malignancies were diagnosed in AYA and 81% involved females. Cancers of the breast, cervix, skin, and colon were the top four most common tumours in AYA. The burden of breast and colorectal cancer was higher in AYA than in older adults. Prostate cancer is rare in AYA and lung cancer was not among the top 10 malignant tumours in our setting. Over 11% of primary malignant tumours of the anus, breast, cervix, colon, conjunctiva, liver and rectum were diagnosed in AYA.
Isolated ductal carcinoma in situ in patients presenting to two breast units in Johannesburg
Authors: Thornley L , Nietz S , Cubasch H
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) represents approximately 20% of all new breast cancers in countries with population-based mammography screening. South Africa is an upper middle-income country with no such screening programmes in place, and the proportion of isolated DCIS appears much lower than this. Most patients present with symptomatic disease and high-risk features. There are numerous controversies regarding the diagnosis and optimal management strategy for this premalignant condition, and the issue of overtreatment is much debated. Our study aimed to determine the proportion of patients presenting with isolated DCIS, to describe the clinical presentation and to describe the treatment provided. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with histologically confirmed isolated DCIS at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital and Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital from July 2015 to March 2018. Records were collected from the existing clinical databases in both breast units and from the South African National Health Laboratory System. RESULTS: Out of 1 813 patients diagnosed and managed with breast malignancies in this period, 58 (3.1%) patients were identified with isolated DCIS. Forty-three (74.1%) of these patients were symptomatic. Thirty-four (58.6%) patients had a primary mastectomy, and 12 (20.6%) had breast-conserving surgery. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of isolated DCIS is rare in our setting, and the majority of patients present with more advanced, symptomatic disease that is not deemed suitable for breast-conserving surgery. The short-term follow-up of our patients has shown a low rate of recurrence and mortality thus far. However, further long-term follow-up is needed.
Triple-negative breast cancer - a retrospective audit of 151 cases seen at the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital Breast Unit
Authors: Nel C , Mannel A , Kruger D
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive, rapidly lethal subgroup of breast cancer which disproportionately affects women of African descent. Lacking hormone receptor expression and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression, it is difficult to treat. Despite an initial good response to chemotherapy, relapse is common and survival short. The aim of this study of treatment-naive women with TNBC was examination of clinicopathological characteristics and any association of these with patient demographics. METHODS: Demographic data was captured together with the clinical, pathological and histological features of the cancers. Statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: Of the 960 patients entered in the database of the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital (CMJAH) Breast Unit (BU) over a 3-year period, 151 (15.7%) had TNBC. All patients were female aged 25 to 98 years, and 60.3% were postmenopausal (mean age 64 years). The majority (80.2%) self-identified as black African. Most patients had clinical stage 3 disease, and 17.2% had distant metastases. One hundred women were HIV negative, 35 positive and 20 untested. Tumour biology revealed high-grade morphology in 70% of cases with a mean Ki-67 value of 60%. Forty patients died within 18 months of entry in the database. CONCLUSION: In this series, most patients with TNBC were older, postmenopausal women. This patient cohort may represent a non-basal subtype of TNBC but gene expression profiling was not available. Tumours were locally advanced, rapidly proliferative but not associated with HIV status. The short survival times emphasise the importance of neoadjuvant chemotherapy as soon as the diagnosis of TNBC is made.
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Authors: not provided JoeyGibson
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Authors: not provided roxypoun
Published: July 2022

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Non-destructively barcoding hundreds of freshwater macroinvertebrates with a MinION v1
Authors: C. Knobloch Elise
Published: July 2022

This project aimed to optimize protocols needed to produce CO1 barcodes for 1000s of African freshwater macroinvertebrates, from many different orders, in the most cost-efficient way possible. Since many of these specimens represent undescribed or poorly-known taxa we also wanted to utilize a non-destructive method of DNA extraction. To do so, we modified the methods detailed by Srivathsan et al. (2021). Here we present the protocol from specimen preparation and DNA extraction to sequence generation. In addition to the methods outlined by Srivathsan et al. (2021) we also pulled together the protocols from Oxford Nanopore Technologies and other vendors. We have added some tips and comments to these procedures that we found helpful in the process. We used these protocols to produce barcodes for hundreds of freshwater macroinvertebrates that were collected in Gabon. This project was funded by the National Science Foundation's Research Experience for Post-Baccalaureate Students (REPS) program (DEB #1920116).
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[RETRACTED] Fit Today Keto Gummies:-Check Price, Benefits & Customer Feedback 2022 v1
Authors: not provided fittoday
Published: July 2022

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Enseñanza de las matemáticas en Educación primaria desde el trabajo por rincones
Authors: Álvarez Muñoz José Santiago , Hernández Prados Mª Ángeles
Published: July 2022

El conocimiento de las matemáticas desde la reiteración de ejercicios simplistas no favorece la comprensión de la abstracción matemática, manifestando los alumnos serias dificultades de aprendizaje y demandando cambios que induzcan a la mejora de la enseñanza y un mayor ajuste a las exigencias actuales. En este artículo se describe la creación de un rincón matemático, basado en la metodología ABN, llevado a cabo en un aula de primaria de un centro multicultural. Se describe el contexto y los objetivos, la metodología y la organización, los recursos diferenciando dos niveles, uno para cada trimestre, y, finalmente, los parámetros y recursos de la evaluación. Esta dinámica de intervención ha favorecido la mejora del aprendizaje de contenidos matemáticos, la continuidad de las dinámicas de Educación Infantil, así como unas mejoras en las relaciones interpersonales y el clima de aula.
Distractores en clases remotas durante la Covid-19 en Ecuador: un análisis de percepciones
Authors: Romero Saritama José Miguel , Simaluiza Janneth
Published: July 2022

El presente artículo realiza un diagnóstico sobre distractores y problemáticas presentadas por los estudiantes durante las clases virtuales en el confinamiento originado por la COVID-19.  Se utilizó una metodología no experimental de tipo ex-post-facto y se aplicó un cuestionario ad hoc a 60 estudiantes de una institución de Educación Superior en Ecuador. Los datos se resumieron mediante estadísticos descriptivos y se realizaron pruebas de asociación. Posteriormente, se ajustó un modelo de regresión logística para explicar el número de distractores en función de los predictores. Los estudiantes identificaron varios problemas técnicos y un sinnúmero de distractores al momento de recibir las clases remotas en su hogar. No se encontró asociación entre variables, pero, se determinó alta presencia de distractores, independientemente de la carrera, del género, edad y del tipo de dispositivo. La cantidad de distractores a la que fueron expuestos los estudiantes reflejan un posible ecosistema de impactos negativos en el proceso formativo durante las clases en línea.
Understanding the associations between Psychological Mindedness and Social Perspective Taking in Young People
Authors: Del Campo Bartholomew Aloe , MacLean Morag
Published: July 2022

This study was set to examine the associations between psychological mindedness (PM) and social perspective taking (SPT). Previous literature suggests that these constructs contribute to an enhanced performance in the mental health profession, possibly because they are featured by a developed theory of mind. An online questionnaire was developed using the Balanced Index of Psychological Mindedness (BIPM) and two adapted versions to measure PM about other people as well as to measure PM about thoughts and behavior. A reduced version of the Situational Test of Emotional Understanding and a newly developed scale were used to measure SPT. Responses from 135 participants aged between 18 and 32 were collected. A one-way ANOVA test showed that women scored higher than men in the understanding ability of SPT. Multiple hierarchical regression analysis revealed that PM about self could not predict any dimensions of SPT (understanding and importance) while PM about other people could predict the importance dimension of SPT as well as the construct as a whole. Overall this study provides insight on to the relationship between these two theoretically-linked constructs. The practical implications of the findings and the limitations of the study are discussed with directions for future research.
Clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of psychovegetative syndrome during rehabilitation after coronary bypass graft
Authors: Mirzoev Ruslan A. , Malchikova S. V. , Isaeva O. V. , Matantsev A. G. , Chudinovskikh T. I. , Kolupaev A. N. , Sherman M. A.
Published: July 2022

Objective. To investigate the impact of anxiety in development of psychovegetative syndrome in patients after operative myocardial revascularization, to describe the nature and direction of resulting autonomic dysfunction and to study the effect of treatment with anti-anxiety therapy for this condition.
Materials and methods. 54 patients aged 4575 (36 the main group, 18 the comparison group), on average 1112 days after the coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and during the process of early and late postoperative rehabilitation were investigated. A score assessment of the psychological and autonomic spheres, and sleep quality was analyzed. Indicators of vegetative tone and vegetative regulation were assessed, in particular, temporal and spectral indicators of heart rate variability. In addition to basic therapy for ischemic heart disease (IHD), the patients of the main group received therapy with vegetative corrector.
Results. In most cases, in the early postoperative period after CABG, moderate anxiety disorders and sleep disturbance were registered in combination with autonomic dysregulation with sympathetic influences prevailing. Addition of psychotropic therapy to the basic therapy of IHD patients in the main group allowed for 1014 days to significantly reduce the level of anxiety, improve sleep quality and correct the existing autonomic disorders with a tendency to further regression in the late postoperative period.
Conclusions. This study found that patients with an increased level of anxiety after CABG are characterized by the formation of a psychovegetative syndrome with predominance of sympathetic activity. The use of anxiolytic therapy can reduce the severity of anxiety and autonomic dysfunction, which can probably become an additional factor contributing to successful rehabilitation of patients after CABG in the early and late postoperative periods and prevention of IHD progression.
Serum uric acid and the risk of ventricular arrhythmias: a systematic review
Authors: Dewi Ivana Purnama , Putra Kresna Nugraha Setia , Dewi Kristin Purnama , Wardhani Louisa Fadjri Kusuma , Julario Rerdin , Dharmadjati Budi Baktijasa
Published: July 2022

Uric acid (UA) is the end product of purine degradation in humans. It promotes inflammation via activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increases oxidative stress. The serum uric acid level has emerged as an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease such as ventricular arrhythmias (VA). Here we had done a systematic review to assess the association between serum UA levels and the occurrence of VA. This systematic review included a total of four clinical studies with 99.383 patients for analysis. The scientific quality of all four studies was good. Three studies showed that serum uric acid levels were associated with VA in many populations. In contrast, one study with a large sample size evaluated that serum uric acid increases premature ventricle contraction prevalence. A significant association between serum uric acid level and VA was found in four studies (p<0.01; p<0.101; p=0.002; p=0.008). In conclusion, this systematic review shows an association between serum UA levels and VA.
Factors affecting adherence to physical training in the outpatient phase of rehabilitation, in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Pomeshkina S. A. , Bezzubova V. A. , Zvereva T. N. , Kagan E. S. , Barbarash O. L.
Published: July 2022

Aim      To evaluate the outpatient physical exercise (PE) compliance and the affecting factors in patients after coronary bypass (CB).

Material and methods  The study included 67 men with ischemic heart disease younger than 75 years who had had CB. All patients were randomized to 2 groups: group 1 exercised on a bicycle ergometer at the rehabilitation center, under the monitoring of medical staff; patients of group 2 performed home-based exercise (HBE) by dosed walking. In the preoperative period, at one month after CB, and after 3 months of exercise, the following was evaluated: clinical condition of patients in different groups, plasma concentrations of lipids, body weight index, waist circumference, echocardiography and bicycle ergometry data, and questionnaire data (SF-36, Bek’s Depression Inventory). At 3 months of follow-up, the outpatient exercise compliance and the affecting factors were also evaluated.

Results The study demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed alternative 3-month program of home-based PE. Both the patients exercising on a bicycle and those performing HBE had increased exercise tolerance (ET) and improved blood lipid concentrations. The number of obese patients decreased. Also, depression severity decreased, quality of life (physical and psychological components) improved, and compliance with drug therapy increased in both groups. Analysis of the training attendance in the recommended period showed that patients who had undergone CB were insufficiently adherent to physical rehabilitation programs, regardless of the program type (home-based or monitored). The highest PE adherence was observed in men with the following characteristics: married, working urban residents, with a previous history of cardiovascular diseases, who had regularly taken medications in the preoperative period, and who also had higher quality of life.

Conclusion      The proposed outpatient 3-month physical rehabilitation programs increase the effectiveness of CB, which is evident as improved adherence to modifying cardiovascular risk factors, increased ET, optimization of the psychological status and quality of life, and improved compliance with drug therapy. However, despite the proposed alternative, home-based 3-month physical rehabilitation programs aimed at increasing the treatment compliance, the level of ET remained low. This requires further improvement of methods for monitoring and motivation of patients to physical rehabilitation and psychological support that would start already at the preoperative stage.
The Valsalva load test and spectral tracking echocardiography effectiveness in the diagnosis of heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Serezhina E. K. , Obrezan A. G.
Published: July 2022

Aim      To determine the applicability of speckle-tracking EchoCG (STE) and the Valsalva maneuver for diagnosis of heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (CHFpEF).

Material and methods  Transthoracic STE with simultaneous electrocardiogram (ECG) recording was performed for patients with CHFpEF and healthy sex- and age-matched subjects (control group) at rest and during the Valsalva maneuver. The study was conducted in compliance with standards of Good Clinical Practice and principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee of the St. Petersburg State University.

Results During the Valsalva maneuver, deviations of both global and segmental myocardial strain were more pronounced than at rest. In patients of the study group performing the Valsalva maneuver, LV end-diastolic volume and LV end-systolic volume (99 %) were increased. Heart rate was considerably reduced (significance of difference >99%) in patients with CHFpEF during the Valsalva maneuver compared to the control group. The increased predictive value of these parameters during the Valsalva maneuver can justify the inclusion of this method in early detection and prognostic assessment of CHFpEF.

Conclusion      Speckle-tracking EchoCG with the Valsalva maneuver is a noninvasive, generally available, and easily reproducible outpatient method for diagnosis of CHFpEF.
Triglyceride glucose index is related with cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Balcıoğlu Akif Serhat , Aksu Ekrem , Aykan Ahmet Çağrı
Published: July 2022

Aim    Cardiac autonomic dysfunction is encountered in approximately 25 % of patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). 24 hr Holter-ECG based heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate turbulence (HRT) parameters are used to evaluate cardiac autonomic function. We aimed to investigate the relationship between a novel insulin resistance marker, triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with MetS.Material and methods    We examined a total of 400 non-diabetic subjects, 136 with MetS and 264 without MetS. All underwent TyG index calculations, and 24 hr Holter-ECG recordings for the measurement of HRV and HRT parameters.Results    HRV and HRT parameters were lower or higher in patients with MetS than in subjects without MetS, indicating cardiac autonomic dysfunction. We observed significant correlations between TyG index and measures of cardiac autonomic function. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the TyG index was an independent predictor of almost all HRV and HRT parameters.Conclusion    This study demonstrates the independent relationship between cardiac autonomic dysfunction and the TyG index, a novel marker of insulin resistance in non-diabetic patients with MetS.
Pharmacotherapy optimization opportunities using fixed combinations in patients with high cardiovascular risk
Authors: Povetkin S. V. , Kornilov A. A.
Published: July 2022

This review focuses on the role of arterial hypertension and hyperlipidemia as the most important risk factors of early disability and death. The facts are provided that many persons with those risk factors do not have the adequate control of blood pressure and atherogenic fractions of blood serum lipoproteins. The review addresses prospects for optimizing pharmacotherapy with fixed combinations of drugs for arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia. From the perspective of effective clinical guidelines and the available evidence base, the authors reviewed possibilities for improving the treatment compliance by using combinations of antihypertensive and hypolipidemic drugs in a single dosage form. Implementation of such complex, optimized treatment using a three-component fixed-dose combination is considered.
Federal guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Avdeev S. N. , Dekhnich A. V. , Zaytsev A. A. , Kozlov R. S. , Rachina S. A. , Rudnov V. A. , Sinopal’nikov A. I. , Tyurin I. E. , Fesenko O. V. , Chuchalin A. G.
Published: July 2022

Community-acquired pneumonia is one of the most common acute infectious diseases that has a significant share in the structure of mortality from respiratory diseases. It is extremely important to select rational antibiotic therapy which ensures optimal clinical efficacy, improved outcome, reduced rate of antibiotic resistance selection, and minimization of side effects.

Methods. The target audience of these clinical recommendations are therapists, general practitioners, pulmonologists, anesthesiologist-resuscitators, and clinical pharmacologists. Each thesis-recommendation about diagnostic and therapeutic procedures has been scored according to the scale of classes of recommendations from 1 to 5 and A, B, C scale of the levels of evidence. The clinical recommendations also contain comments and explanations to these theses, algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment, and reference materials on the use of antibacterial drugs and microbiological (culture) tests.

Conclusion. The presented clinical guidelines cover current information about the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment tactics for community-acquired pneumonia. The presented clinical guidelines have been approved by the Scientific and Practical Council of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in 2021.
Federal clinical guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Avdeev S. N. , Aisanov Z. R. , Belevskiy A. S. , Ilkovich M. M. , Kogan E. A. , Merzhoeva Z. M. , Petrov D. V. , Samsonova M. V. , Terpigorev S. A. , Trushenko N. V. , Trofimenko I. N. , Tyurin I. E. , Chernyaev A. L. , Chernyak B. A. , Chernyak A. V. , Chikina S. Yu. , Chuchalin A. G. , Shmelev E. I.
Published: July 2022

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a specific form of chronic fibrotic interstitial pneumonia with a progressive course and poor prognosis. The prevalence of IPF in the Russian Federation is about 8 – 12 cases per 100,000 population. The basic treatment of IPF is antifibrotic agents.

Methodology. The target audience of these clinical recommendations are therapists, general practitioners, pulmonologists, pathologists, radiologists, and medical rehabilitation doctors. Each thesis-recommendation about diagnostic and therapeutic procedures has been scored according to the scale of classes of recommendations from 1 to 5 and A, B, C scale of the levels of evidence. Clinical recommendations also contain comments and explanations to the theses, algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and reference materials.

Conclusion. The presented clinical guidelines cover current information about the etiology and pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. These guidelines were approved by the Scientific and Practical Council of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in 2021.