bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of a Low-Cost AI System for the Modernization of Conventional Cars
Authors: Auccahuasi Wilver , Urbano Kitty , Meza Sandra , Romero-Echevarria Luis , Portillo-Allende Arlich , Rojas Karin , Figueroa-Revilla Jorge , Sanchez-Atuncar Giancarlo , Arroyo Sergio , Castro-Mejia Percy Junior
Published: October 2024

Artificial intelligence techniques are beginning to be implemented in most areas. In the particular case of automobiles, new cars include integrated applications, such as cameras in different configurations, including in the rear of the car to provide assistance while reversing, as well as front and side cameras; these applications also include different configurations of sensors that provide information to the driver, such as objects approaching from different directions, such as from the front and sides. In this paper, we propose a practical and low-cost methodology to provide solutions using artificial intelligence techniques, as is the purpose of YOLO architecture, version 3, using hardware based on Nvidia’s Jetson TK1 architecture, and configurations in conventional cars. The results that we present demonstrate that these technologies can be applied in conventional cars, working with independent power to avoid causing problems in these cars, and we evaluate their application in the detection of people and cars in different situations, which allows information to be provided to the driver while performing maneuvers. The methodology that we provide can be replicated and scaled according to needs.
Pathogenetic and clinical-neurological features of post-COVID syndrome
Authors:   FSAEI HE Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Tushova K. A. , Nozdryukhina N. V. ,   FSAEI HE Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Kabaeva E. N. ,   FSAEI HE Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
Published: October 2024

Despite the developed methods of treatment and prevention of COVID-19, new strains of the SARS-CoV-2 virus continue to appear. The development of complications from various organs and systems against the background of the coronavirus infection COVID-19 is noted. In patients with three or more chronic diseases, the infection can occur with varying degrees of severity, often leading to the formation of acute vascular accidents. Such patients have an unfavorable rehabilitation prognosis due to the severe course of the disease. The complex of symptoms manifested by various psycho-emotional and functional disorders after the coronavirus infection is called post-COVID syndrome. This syndrome develops 3–4 months after COVID-19 infection. The scientific community has put forward a number of hypotheses describing the pathogenetic features of the post-COVID syndrome. It has been proven that the development of this syndrome is associated with the main pathogenetic mechanisms and course of COVID-19, specifically, a disorder in the hemostasis system and hyperproduction of inflammatory cytokines with the development of a «cytokine storm». Post-COVID syndrome is characterized by a wide range of symptoms, the manifestation of which does not depend on the severity of previous COVID-19. However, there is a more severe manifestation of the post-COVID syndrome, with the risk of developing acute vascular accidents, in patients with chronic pathology of the cardiovascular system. The article presents an analysis of modern literature data on the clinical and neurological features of the development and course of post-COVID syndrome.
Interspinous fixation in surgery for degenerative spine disease. Literature review
Authors:   FSBEI HE Russian University of Medicine of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Nikitin A.S. , Larkin F.A. ,   FSAEI HE N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia; FSBSI Research Center of Neurology of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia
Published: October 2024

The article presents the biomechanical concept of using interspinous fixation in surgery for degenerative spine disease. Clinical and statistical data on the results of its use in various clinical situations are also provided.
Augmented reality in neurosurger y: application and limitations. A literature review
Authors:   FSAI N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Konovalov A.N. , Gabrielyan L.R. ,   FSAI N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Artemiev A.A. ,   FSAEI HE I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Timofeeva E.Yu. T ,   FSAEI HE I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Isagulyan E.D. ,   FSAI N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Fumin I.A. ,   3“Clinic K+31”, 42/4 Lobachevskogo str., Moscow, Okishev D.N. ,   FSAI N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Pilipenko Yu.V. ,   FSAI N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Eliava Sh.Sh. ,   FSAI N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Ivanov V.M. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Smirnov A.Yu. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Strelkov S.V. ,   OOO «Medgital»
Published: October 2024

Detection of surgical pathology is one of the primary tasks of a neurosurgeon, forming the basis of a topical diagnosis. In addition to the generally accepted neuronavigation using special navigation systems, establishing the localization of lesions in the brain and spinal cord can be achieved by integrating virtual information into the physically surrounding space of the operator, which is implemented in augmented reality (AR). This article reviews the history of the development of this technology and its application in neurosurgery and analyzes the results of using AR not only in the context of clinical neurosurgical practice, but also during the educational process, improving manipulation skills and studying neuroanatomy. The review analyzes the experience of researchers who have applied the AR method in various branches of neurosurgery, such as vascular, functional, and spinal neurosurgery and neuro-oncology, characterizes the accuracy of this method compared with frameless neuronavigation systems, and considers current prospects for future development in this area. Despite the increasing interest of the neurosurgical community in this technology and all the benefits it can potentially bring to the surgical process, its use in routine practice, both clinical and educational, is still associated with certain limitations and difficulties, and this article presents possible ways to solve this problem.
Optimizing professional oral hygiene tactics with various methods and tools: impact on microcirculation in periodontal tissues
Authors: Petrov A. A. , Kosova E. V. , Loboda E. S. , Andreyev D. I. , Vashneva V. Yu. , Mordovina A. M. , Orekhova L. Yu.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. While professional oral hygiene (POH) is widely implemented in dental practice, there is a notable lack of comprehensive research on its effects on periodontal tissues. This underscores the need to investigate the impact of various air-polishing systems (APS) on periodontal tissues in specific clinical contexts. Choosing the appropriate active ingredient in mouth rinses for antiseptic treatment during the final stage of professional oral hygiene is critical for dental practitioners, as the active ingredient directly affects microcirculation in periodontal tissues.

Materials and methods. A standard dental examination was conducted on 200 patients aged 18 to 25 years. Patients were divided into groups based on the active component of the APS: calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, a mixture of calcium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, trehalose, or glycine. In the second stage of the study, antiseptic treatment was performed according to the active ingredient in the mouth rinse, using one of the following antiseptics: chlorhexidine (0.20%) with hyaluronic acid; a combination of clove and fennel essential oils, bromelain enzyme, and bifidobacterium lysate; or essential oil-based rinses containing thymol, eucalyptol, menthol, and methyl salicylate. The control group used distilled water. Microcirculation dynamics in the periodontal tissues were monitored throughout the study using ultrasound Doppler flowmetry.

Results. An increase in microcirculation parameters in periodontal tissues was observed following professional oral hygiene using various APS components, both with and without ultrasonic treatment. The application of mouth rinses as the final step in antiseptic oral care contributed to the restoration of microcirculation in periodontal tissues within 1 hour of use.

Conclusion. The study identified the most effective protocol for mouth rinse application, tailored to the active component of the air-polishing system.
Tingkat Ketahanan Pangan Petani Padi di Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi, Provinsi Riau (Food Security Level of Rice Farmers in Kuantan Singingi Regency, Riau Province))
Authors: Kusumaningrum Iranda Anastasya Ade
Published: October 2024

Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi pada tahun 2021 merupakan daerah dengan produksi padi terbesar keempat di Provinsi Riau, dengan total produksi pada tahun 2021 mencapai 18.694,82 ton. Petani padi sebagai aktor utama dalam mewujudkan ketahanan pangan memiliki peranan yang besar dalam mencapai tujuan tersebut. Kesejahteraan petani padi tercermin dalam ketahanan pangan yang dimiliki oleh rumah tangga petani. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat ketahanan pangan rumah tangga petani padi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan antara bulan Juli hingga November 2022 di lima dari lima belas kecamatan yang terdapat di Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi yaitu Kecamatan Kuantan Hilir, Inuman, Pangean, Cerenti, dan Benai). Metode pengambilan data dilakukan secara purposive. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kuantitatif, di mana tingkat ketahanan pangan keluarga petani padi diukur berdasarkan: aspek ketersediaan (TSP), aspek akses pangan (DBPP), dan kualitas keamanan pangan (PPP). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, aspek ketersediaan pangan petani padi dalam kondisi yang baik karena seluruh petani padi memiliki TSP besar dari 1, aspek akses pangan ketahanan pangan rumah tangga petani (DBPP) rendah sebesar 52 persen namun akses yang dimiliki petani dekat ke pasar/warung serta kondisi jalan yang sangat baik, ditinjau dari aspek kualitas keamanan pangan seluruh petani padi tergolong tahan pangan, karena memiliki pangsa pengeluaran pangan (PPP) di bawah 60 persen.
 
Kuantan Singingi Regency in 2021 was the fourth largest rice-producing area in Riau Province with total production of 18,694.82 tonnes. Rice farmers as the main actors in achieving food security have a significant role in reaching this goal. The welfare of rice farmers is reflected through the food security of their households. The research aimed to analyze the level of rice farmer household food security. This research was conducted in July-November 2022 in 5 out of the 15 sub-districts in Kuantan Singingi District (Kuantan Hilir, Inuman, Pangean, Cerenti, and Benai Districts). The data collection method was carried out purposively. Data analysis was carried out in a quantitative descriptive manner, where the level of food security for rice farming families was measured based on: aspects of availability (TSP), aspects of food access (DBPP), and quality of food security (PPP). Based on the results of the study, the aspect of food availability of rice farmers was in good condition because all rice farmers have TSP greater than 1, the aspect of food access for household food security (DBPP) was low at 52 percent but the farmers had close access to markets/stalls, as well as very good road conditions. In terms of the quality aspect of food safety, all rice farmers were classified as food secure, as they had a share of food expenditure (PPP) below 60 percent.
Perfil de pacientes com AVC cardioembólico por FA atendidos em um hospital público de Joinville
Authors: Toldo Ana Paula Ribeiro , Schneider Vivian Nagel , Fachini Vanessa Guesser Venâncio
Published: October 2024

Introdução. O acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) é caracterizado como síndrome neurológica súbita de provável origem vascular, considerada uma das principais causas de internações hospitalares e mortalidade. Dentre os subtipos, os eventos cardioembólicos (CE) por fibrilação atrial (FA) apresentam piores prognósticos. Objetivo. Caracterizar o perfil de pacientes com AVC-CE causado por FA atendidos em um hospital público de Joinville. Método. Estudo modelo de coorte observacional, de base populacional e retrospectivo. A amostra do estudo contemplou indivíduos acometidos com AVC, com base em dados levantados pelo registro epidemiológico (JOINVASC). Resultados. No período de 2013 a 2022, 9.119 indivíduos foram acometidos com AVC, a amostra final consistiu em 652 pacientes classificados com AVC CE por FA. A média de idade foi de 78 anos. Quanto aos fatores de risco prévios, 83% (538/652) relataram HAS em tratamento, 40% (259/652) dislipidemia, 34% (221/652) DM, 31% (204/652) evento prévio, 10% (62/652) tabagismo, e 4% (24/652) etilismo. Do total da amostra, 40% (260/652) possuíam FA prévia e, 60% (392/652) FA nova, diagnosticada durante a internação. Conclusão. A maior parte da amostra teve diagnóstico de FA durante a internação, e comparando os dois grupos, o de FA prévia teve a maior concentração de eventos prévios e menor tempo de internação, porém com maior mortalidade; já o grupo de FA nova, destacou-se com a maior concentração de fatores de risco e pior desfecho quanto ao grau de dependência. O desfecho final pode comprovar o alto índice de mortalidade, presente em quase metade dos indivíduos da amostra geral.
Sosyal Bilgiler Dersi İçin Örnek Sözlü Tarih Uygulaması: Geçmişten Günümüze Komşuluk
Authors: Dolanbay Hacer
Published: October 2024

Sözlü tarih toplumların kültürel değerlerinin zaman içerisindeki değişimini yansıtan yöntemlerden biridir. Bu araştırmanın amacı komşuluk kavramının geçmişten günümüze yaşadığı değişim ve sürekliliğine ilişkin bakış açısını sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adaylarının sözlü tarih yöntemi uygulamaları ile incelemektir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgubilim deseninin kullanıldığı araştırmanın katılımcı grubunu Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretmenliği 2. sınıfında öğrenim gören on iki öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Uygulama konusu olarak sosyal bilgiler dersi öğretim programı “Kültür ve Miras” öğrenme alanı içinde yer alan “Geçmişimi Öğreniyorum” ünitesinde yer verilen “Komşuluk” kavramı seçilmiştir. Veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formundan elde edilmiştir. İçerik analizi ile çözümlenen araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, komşuluk ilişkileri zaman içinde değişime uğramıştır ve bu değişim olumsuz yöndedir. Buna göre günümüzde kültürel değerlerimizi de yansıtan yardımlaşma, paylaşma, dayanışma gibi öğeler önemini kaybetmiş güvensiz, ilgisiz, iletişimsiz ve samimiyetsiz komşuluklar oluşmuştur. Bununla beraber devam eden canlı tutulan gelenekler de bulunmaktadır. Öğretmen adaylarının yaptıkları sözlü tarih çalışması ile bu yönteme ilişkin olumlu duygular geliştirmiş, geçmişe yönelik merak duymaya başlamış ve sözlü tarih yöntemini öğretici bir yöntem olarak görmüşlerdir.
Social sustainability of neighbourhood parks in India - instrument content validity
Authors: Bhaskaran Rekha , Hajela Amit , Dewan Anil
Published: October 2024

Neighbourhood parks are the most proximate public spaces that promote physical and mental health, well-being and happiness, social cohesion, a sense of community, etc.  This vital resource can help create socially sustainable neighbourhoods in global south cities. This paper aims to develop a validated assessment framework for the social sustainability of neighbourhood parks in India. Thematic literature analysis is used to construct an assessment instrument consisting of ten variables and eighty-one indicators related to the social sustainability of neighbourhood parks. The instrument is checked for content validity through expert review using the Content Validity Index. Use of parks by people engaged in informal economic enterprises in neighbourhoods and by non-residents, the significance of ‘third places’ in park use, safety concerns, and sociocultural aspects of perception of safety emerge as essential variables to be considered in the Indian context. The high CVI of the developed instrument indicates excellent content validity. The instrument is designed to assess the provision, user perception and social use of neighbourhood green spaces in Indian cities to promote social sustainability.
Potential Involvement of Apelin/APJ System in Addiction and Neuroprotection Against Drugs of Abuse
Authors: Saboori Amleshi Reza , Soltaninejad Masoud , Ilaghi Mehran
Published: October 2024

Addiction, characterized by compulsive drug-seeking behavior and impaired self-control, remains a significant public health concern. Understanding the neurobiology of addiction is crucial for identifying novel therapeutic targets and further developing effective treatments. Recently, the apelin/APJ system, an emerging signaling pathway, has attracted attention for its involvement in various neuropsychiatric disorders. The cross-talk between the apelin/APJ system and hypothalamic mu opioid signaling, as well as its heterodimerization with kappa opioid receptors (KORs), supports the potential relevance of this system to addiction. Moreover, several protective effects of apelin against various addictive substances, including methamphetamine, morphine, and alcohol, underscore the need for further investigation into its role in substance use disorder. Understanding the contribution of the apelin/APJ system in addiction may offer valuable insights into the underlying neurobiology and pave the way for novel therapeutic interventions in substance use disorders. This review provides a concise overview of the apelin/APJ system, emphasizing its physiological roles and highlighting its relevance to addiction research.
Does Tramadol Exposure Have Unfavorable Effects on Hippocampus? A Review Study
Authors: Ezi Samira , Shadi Mehri , Vafaei-Nezhad Masood , Vafaei-Nezhad Saeed
Published: October 2024

Background: Tramadol, one of the most common opioid pain relievers, acts upon the µ-receptor in the central nervous system (CNS) to alleviate pain associated with various situations like postoperative pain, arthritis, and muscular pain. Additionally, it has been utilized to address depression and anxiety disorders. Extensive research has shown that tramadol can potentially inflict irreversible harm on different regions of the CNS, including the cerebrum, cerebellum, amygdala, and, notably, the hippocampal formation. However, the precise mechanism behind these effects remains unclear. Within this study, we conducted a comprehensive examination of the impacts of tramadol on the CNS, specifically focusing on hippocampal formation. Methods: In this study, we collected relevant articles published between 2000 and 2022 by conducting searches using specific keywords, including tramadol, tramadol hydrochloride, central nervous system, hippocampus, and hippocampal formation, in various databases. Findings: The results of this study proposed several processes by which tramadol may impact the CNS, including the induction of apoptosis, autophagy, excessive production of free radicals, and dysfunction of cellular organelles. These processes ultimately lead to disturbances in neural cell function, particularly within the hippocampus. Furthermore, it is revealed that tramadol administration led to a significant decrease in the neural cell count and the volume of various regions within the brain and spinal cord. Conclusion: Consequently, neuropsychological impairments, such as memory formation, attention deficits, and cognitive impairment, may happen. This finding highlights the potential impacts of tramadol on neural structures and warrants further investigation.
The Tendency to Use Substances/Drugs and its Association with Interpersonal Dependence in Iranian Medical Students
Authors: Khalkhali Mohammadrasoul , Tavakkoli fard Mahnoosh , Mousavi Seyed Yasin , Ariannezhad Amirreza , Farrahi Hassan
Published: October 2024

Background: Personality traits or disorders are now attracting more attention as factors in the initiation and continuation of substance/drug use. However, few studies have been conducted on the association between interpersonal dependence and substance/drug use. The present study aimed to investigate the association between this form of psychological dependence and the tendency to use substances/drugs in medical students. Methods: The present study was based on an analytical cross-sectional design and conducted on 310 medical students selected by stratified sampling at Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2021. The Interpersonal Dependency Inventory and the Iranian Addiction Potential Scale were employed to assess the two variables of interpersonal dependence and the tendency to use substances/drugs. Findings: The correlation matrix shows that the tendency to use substances/drugs has a significant negative correlation with interpersonal dependence (P=0.0001, r=-0.285) in general and emotional reliance on another person (P=-0.0001, r=-0.264) and lack of social self-confidence (LSSC) (P=0.0001, r=-0.297) in particular. Female (F=8.57, P=0.004) and married (F=5.14, P=0.024) students showed more tendency to use substances/drugs than male and single students, but no significant difference was observed regarding interpersonal dependence. Academic course, residence status, parents’ occupation, number of family members, and birth order did not significantly affect the scores. Conclusion: Interpersonal dependence can have different functions, depending on its level. Although interpersonal dependence at maladaptive levels can act as a risk factor and make a person vulnerable to some behavioral problems, at adaptive levels, it acts as a protective factor and reduces those problems.
Statins and the risk of colorectal cancer; a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort and case-control studies
Authors: Abbaszadeh Mehrdad , Bayrami Fahimeh , Zandifar Samaneh , Hemmati Hamid Reza , Valadkhani Ali , Peimanfar Alireza
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Colorectal malignancy is the third furthermost frequent malignancy in the world, and approximately 80% of the cases are related to nongenetic causes, including high cholesterol levels. Accordingly, the present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the relationship between statin treatment and the risk of colorectal cancer. Materials and Methods: The current study was a systematic review and meta-analysis designed based on PRISMA. International databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar search engine, were used to search for studies published until July 7, 2023. Data analysis was directed by STATA software version 14, and P values below than 0.05 (P<0.05) indicated the significance of statistical tests. Results: The results obtained from a combination of 30 studies with 2436650 samples indicated that statin use increased the risk of colorectal malignancy by 11% (OR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.84, 0.95) and reduced the risk of rectal cancer by 16% (R: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.74, 0.94). Instead, statin administration reduced the hazard of colorectal cancer in individuals aged 50 to 59 by 22% (R: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.95), 60 to 69 by 14% (OR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.98), and 70 to 79 by 8% (OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.87, 0.98). Utilization of statin in male (OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.87) and female (OR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.77, 0.92) patients reduced the risk of colorectal cancer by 29% and 16%, respectively. Furthermore, statin use in men (OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.67) and women (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.97) reduced the risk of colon cancer by 59% and 36%, respectively. Conclusion: Statin administration reduced the risk of colorectal cancer, and the possibility of reduction in risk of colorectal cancer at lower ages was higher than in older adults and also higher in males compared with females. Registration: This study has been compiled based on the PRISMA checklist, and its protocol was registered on the PROSPERO (CRD42023450984) and Research Registry (UIN: reviewregistry1779) website.
Evaluation of Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms in Erbil Iraq; analysis of JAK 2, CALR, and MPL mutations
Authors: Hashm Mohammed Jarjees , Karagoz Isik Didem
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The prevalence of Janus kinase 2 V617F, Jak 2-Exon12, calreticulin (CALR) gene mutations and myeloproliferative leukemia mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) without BCR-ABL1 gene fusion rearrangement in Iraq remains unknown due to inadequate data. Objectives: The aim of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of these mutations and assess the clinical characteristics of polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) in Erbil, Iraq. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 80 patients were evaluated for the presence of JAK 2 V617, CALR, and MPL mutations. Specific primers were utilized to amplify MPNs-associated mutations (JAK 2 V617F, Jak 2 -Exon12, CALR, and MPL) using DNA extracted from whole blood. Results: The presence of the JAK 2 V617F mutation was identified in 96% of patients diagnosed with PV and 35% of patients diagnosed with ET. Additionally, JAK 2 exon 12 was detected in 4% of PV patients. CALR mutation was identified in 65% of ET patients. No detection of MPL mutation was observed. A higher prevalence of the CALR mutation was observed in younger age groups, whereas the JAK 2 V617F mutation was predominantly found in older age groups. Conclusion: The incorporation of genetic tests for JAK 2 V617F, JAK 2 exon 12, MPL exon 10, and CALR exon 9 significantly improves the diagnostic effectiveness for BCR ABL1-gene fusion negative MPNs.
Cloning and expression of UbiA human gene using innovative methodologies for recombinant protein production in PUAST vector
Authors: Dragh Maytham Abdulkahdim , Al-Allak Zainab Sabeeh , Gataa Allami Zainab Zamil
Published: October 2024

Introduction: A systematic library of Gal4/UAS-regulated transgenes has proven to be a powerful genetic system for identifying genes and defining pathways in development. This system offers valuable insights that highlight the evolutionary conservation between animals and humans. Objectives: The objective of this study was to clone, express, and characterize the UbiA gene. The research presents a highly effective method for cloning genes, using the UbiA-pcDNA3 gene as a model for mammalian cloning. These genes were then integrated into the PUAST vector of Drosophila, an expression vector and eukaryotic cell system commonly used for producing recombinant proteins. Materials and Methods: UbiA was isolated from human cells, and complementary DNA was synthesized. An oligonucleotide primer pair was designed based on the UbiA gene sequence, incorporating XhoI and Xbal restriction sites at the 5´ end of the forward and reverse primers, respectively. The UbiA gene was then amplified by PCR, cloned into the pcDNA3 plasmid, and the resulting recombinant plasmid was sequenced. Subsequently, the gene was sub cloned into the PUAST vector and expressed in S2 cells as a eukaryotic cell system. Protein determination and verification were conducted through western blotting techniques. Results: Confirmation of UbiA gene cloning into the PUAST vector was achieved through colony-PCR and digestion by enzymes. Cloning and sub cloning techniques validated by enzymatic digestion, along with gene sequencing. The identity between cloned UbiA gene and the identical gene exhibited 99%. We revealed a singular band purified protein through western blotting with 60 kDa size. Conclusion: More protein synthesis of the UbiA gene can be achieved by using the eukaryotic expression system provided by the PUAST vector. This technique has been proven to be a suitable platform and can be instrumental in various applications such as therapeutics, pharmacology, and vaccine development.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between selenium and osteoarthritis
Authors: Mollazadeh Hanieh , Salesi Mansour
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Osteoarthritis is an inflammatory disorder and the most common human joint disease. Considering the anti-inflammatory properties of selenium, we aimed to investigate the relationship between selenium and the risk of osteoarthritis in this study. Materials and Methods: The present study was a systematic review and meta-analysis based on the PRISMA guidelines, conducted in databases including Web of Science, Cochrane, ProQuest, PubMed, and Google Scholar Search Engine for articles published until December 12, 2023. Data was analyzed using STATA 14 software, and tests with p-values lower than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Seven cross-sectional studies with 412998 participants were combined, and results indicated that selenium intake increased the risk of osteoarthritis (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.49). However, the risk of osteoarthritis in individuals with low, moderate, and high serum selenium levels was (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.81, 1.31), (OR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.83, 1.13), and (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.99, 1), respectively. The relationship between serum selenium level and the risk of osteoarthritis in male and female patients were also (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.98, 0.99) and (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.98, 0.99), respectively. Findings showed the relationship between serum selenium level and knee (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.89, 1.38) and hip (OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 0.86, 1.77) osteoarthritis. Conclusion: Selenium intake increased the risk of osteoarthritis by 26%. However, there was no statistically significant relationship between the serum selenium level and the risk of osteoarthritis. Considering the limited number of reviewed studies, further studies in this field are required. Registration: This study has been compiled based on the PRISMA checklist, and its protocol was registered on the PROSPERO (ID: CRD42023494294) and Research Registry (UIN: reviewregistry1762) website.
The breast cancer biomarkers associated with the development of the disease; an in-silico-based study
Authors: Kalaki Niloufar Sadat , Razizadeh Mohammad Hossein , Safarnezhad  Tameshkel Fahimeh , Asghari Marzidare Azra , Babaei Mohammadreza , Sayad Soheila , Karbalaie Niya Mohammad Hadi
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is among the top causes of mortality among women worldwide. Identifying genes by differential expression associated with the development of the disease helps us to better understanding the molecular mechanisms of BC. Objectives: Our study used in-silico analysis to identify hub genes could trigger the development of BC. Materials and Methods: We identified GSE38959 and GSE45827 for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, with an adjusted P<0.05. In both sets, logFC ≥ 2 and logFC ≤ -2 were observed in the DEGs that express themselves within cases and normal BC samples. A comparison was then performed, detecting two common datasets of DEGs using the GEO2R tool. Pathways were elucidated using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology databases. Thereafter, protein-protein interactions (PPIs) were analyzed using Cytoscape and Gephi. Finally, a GEPIA analysis was conducted to validate the target genes. Results: Using the GEO, 322 common DEGs were identified and 65 hub genes as PPIs. The DEGs were enriched in functions associated with cell division, chromosomes, centromeric regions, microtubule binding, and the cell cycle based on the gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathways analysis. The expression of 6 genes, CDK1, CCNB1, TOP2A, CXCL12, IGF1, and KIT, represented statistically significant values when the normal and tumor samples were compared via GEPIA analysis. Conclusion: This study introduced six genes (CDK1, CCNB1, TOP2A, CXCL12, IGF1, and KIT) with high expression significantly, which could act as a biomarker for BC development (P<0.05 for all genes). Further comprehensive experimental in vivo studies are needed to describe their role in BC.
Phytochemical screening, characterization, and in vitro anti-metastatic effects of the methanolic leaf extract of Momordica cardiospermoides in MDA-MB 321 cells
Authors: Kgakishe Mante Dolly , Maluleka Marole Maria , Poopedi Kgomotso Welheminah , Mampuru Leseilane , Monchusi-Khumalo Bernice , Mbazima Vusi Gordon
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Momordica cardiospermoides represents an inexhaustible source of natural products. We examined the acetone and methanolic extracts of M. cardiospermoides leaves’ phytochemical composition, antioxidant activities, and anti-metastatic properties in MDA-MB-231 cells. Methods: The aluminium chloride and Folin-Ciocalteu methods were employed to determine the extracts’ phytochemical contents. Assessment of antioxidant activities employed the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The extracts were further characterized with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The cell count and viability kit were utilized to assess viability in HEK-293 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The occurrence of cell death was determined by the annexin V and dead cell assay. The methanolic extract was assessed against cell adhesion and migration using the cell-extracellular matrix and wound healing assays. The effects of the methanolic extract on tissue inhibitors, including metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2), and -9 (MMP-9) were determined by the human angiogenesis antibody array kit and Western blot analysis. Results: The acetone extract had higher antioxidant activity and total contents than the methanolic extract. UHPLC revealed abundant luteolin, luteoloside, quercetin, stearidonic acid, and salicylamide in the acetone extract, and luteolin, astragalin, and trigonelline in the methanolic extract. The methanolic extract was selectively cytotoxic towards MDA-MB-231 cells while the acetone extract was significantly cytotoxic in both cell lines. Apoptosis was induced by the methanolic extract and the acetone extract induced significant necrosis. The methanolic extract suppressed migration by significantly inhibiting wound closure and inhibited cell adhesion. MMP-2 and MMP-9 were significantly downregulated and TIMP-1 was upregulated. Conclusion: The methanolic extract M. cardiospermoides possesses anti-metastatic activity.
Computational investigation of Pluchea indica mechanism targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
Authors: Putra Purnawan Pontana , Indradi Raden Bayu , Yuniarta Tegar Achsendo , Hanifa Dini , Syaban Mokhamad Fahmi Rizki , Suharti Netty
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Pluchea indica is known to have diverse pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. However, there is a pressing need to thoroughly investigate the molecular interactions between P. indica compounds and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG). This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind P. indica and PPARG, and its potential implications for diabetes mellitus. Methods: The computational investigation employed Pharmacological Network pharmacology, homology modeling, deep learning docking, and molecular dynamics to explore the active compounds and targets within P. indica against the PPARG. Results: Three active compounds were identified namely pinoresinol, syringaresinol, and plucheoside A, all of which complied with the Lipinski rule of five. The deep learning-based pose scores were determined as follows: Pinoresinol 0.55, syringaresinol 0.32, and plucheoside A 0.44. Additionally, protein-protein interactions were observed with PPARG and associated with the PPAR signaling pathway. Molecular dynamics simulation analysis showed the stability of the three compounds over a 100 ns period. Free energy calculations using Molecular Mechanics-Generalized Born and Surface Area (MM-GBSA) yielded ΔG values of -44.39 kcal/mol, -51.83 kcal/mol, and -40.27 kcal/mol for pinoresinol, syringaresinol, and plucheoside A, respectively. Conclusion: Pluchea indica might be developed to treat various diseases, particularly those involving the PPARG signaling pathway. It suggests the possibility of being developed as a focused medication for diabetes.
The modulatory effects of Lonicera caerulea L. extract and omega-3 on sarcopenia via regulating PI3K and FOXO signaling pathways in rats
Authors: Mohamed Radwa Wahid , El-Rahmany Nourhan Gamal
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Sarcopenia is an inflammatory disease caused by a disruption of muscle homeostasis. Lonicera caerulea L. (Haskap berry) (HB) extract and omega-3 (ω−3) possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study assesses the potential ameliorating effects of HB extract and ω−3 supplementation on dexamethasone (DEXA)-induced sarcopenia. Methods: Rats were divided into five groups; the negative control group was injected with saline (i.p.); groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 were injected with DEXA (2 mg/kg/d, i.p.); groups 3 and 4 also received 400 mg/kg/d and 100 mg/kg/d of HB extract and ω−3, respectively, while group 5 received both treatments daily for 21 days. The ameliorative effects of treatments were investigated by measuring lysosomal proteolytic enzyme cathepsin activity, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) activity, nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) level, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) activity. The gene expression levels of muscle ring-finger protein (MuRF) and forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factor were also evaluated. Biochemical and histological examinations were done on muscle tissues. Results: DEXA caused a significant elevation (P<0.05) in NF-κβ level and cathepsin activity in muscle tissue. Also, it significantly upregulated the muscle atrophy markers. Meanwhile, PI3K and HO-1 activities were significantly reduced. HB extract and ω−3 administration significantly (P≤0.05) reversed these effects and downregulated the mRNA expression levels of MuRF and FOXO. Also, the histopathological examination confirmed these results. Conclusion: The current study proved the ameliorative effects of HB extract and ω−3 on sarcopenia parameters. Therefore, they might be potential therapeutic agents for myopathy/sarcopenia.
Antioxidant, antibacterial, and α-glucosidase inhibition potential of three Allium species (Amaryllidaceae) from Iran
Authors: Hosseini Shahla , Moetasam Zorab Musa , Zarei Mohammad Ali
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Wild species of the genus Allium have high potential for use as medicine due to their essential secondary metabolites with antioxidant activity. This study explored the antioxidant, antibacterial, and α-glucosidase inhibition activities of three Allium species: Allium tripedale, Allium hooshidaryae, and Allium stipitatum. Methods: The antioxidant potentials of the plant methanol extracts were evaluated using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and the 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging test. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and α-glucosidase inhibition were also evaluated. Antibacterial assessments were done employing disk diffusion and microdilution methods to determine inhibition zone and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), respectively against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results: Allium hooshidaryae displayed high TPC (70.24 ± 0.0039 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract), while A. tripedale had the highest TFC (87 ± 0.013 mg Quercetin equivalent/g extract). A. hooshidaryae showed superior antioxidant capacity (DPPH IC50: 724.4 ± 0.31 µg/mL; FRAP: 36.87 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g extract) and stronger α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 = 2.59 mg/mL vs. 4.33 mg/mL for A. tripedale and 6.41 mg/mL for A. stipitatum). Qualitative tests confirmed phenolic, flavonoid, and glycoside compounds in all three species. A. stipitatum uniquely contained saponin and tannin. A. hooshidaryae and A. stipitatum inhibited the bacterial strains effectively, especially at the higher concentration (400 µg/mL). A. stipitatum showed inhibition against all strains, particularly against S. aureus (MIC: 12.5 µg/mL). Conclusion: This study highlights the antidiabetic and antibacterial potential of three Allium species, emphasizing their values as rich sources of bioactive compounds.
Four-Year Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Resistance Rate of Neonatal Blood Cultures in a Major Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) in Shiraz, Southwest Iran
Authors: Omidifar Navid , Imanieh Mohammad Hadi , Kakian Farshad , Moghadami Mohsen , Najib Khadijeh Sadat , Mohammadzadeh Sahand , Motamedifar Mohammad
Published: October 2024

Background: Bacterial infections are the leading cause of death in newborns. The growing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is a major concern. In this study, we identified isolates from blood cultures in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a major referral hospital in Shiraz in southwest Iran and determined antibiotic resistance patterns. Methods: All newborns admitted to the NICU were evaluated in a four-year study. The blood samples were cultured using a BACTEC system. From May 2015 to March 2020, 5937 blood culture samples were analyzed. The antibacterial sensitivity test was conducted using the disk diffusion method, following the guidelines of Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2018. Results: In this study, 507 isolates were obtained from 5937 specimens. The most commonly isolated gram-negative bacteria were Acinetobacter (8.7%), Escherichia coli (5.7%), Klebsiella (1.6%), Enterobacter (1.4%), and Pseudomonas (0.9%). Among the gram-positive bacteria, coagulase-positive staphylococci (51.1%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (15.4%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (10.2%), non-hemolytic streptococci (2.4%), alpha-hemolytic streptococci (1.4%), and Streptococcus pneumonia (1.3%) were the most frequently isolated bacteria. Of the 318 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 88.5% were resistant to methicillin. Conclusion: Staphylococcus, with a high frequency in the NICU, can be an alarm for medical centers. Also, in dead infants, the most observed bacterial infection was Acinetobacter infection, which requires the serious attention of the hospital infection control unit.
Evaluation of Fiber Post Exposure on Coronal Microleakage of Endodontically Treated Teeth: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Elmamooz Nafise , Karimi Afshar Mehrnaz , Eslami Mohammad Amin
Published: October 2024

Background: Coronal leakage is a significant cause of failure in endodontically treated teeth, and studies have reported the different effects of aqueous environments and occlusal forces on fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) materials. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fiber post exposure on coronal microleakage in endodontically treated teeth restored with fiber post and composite core. Methods: Forty-five extracted maxillary incisors were sectioned at the CEJ, endodontically treated, and randomly divided into five groups. The specimens in the first group were restored with fiber post and core, but the post was not exposed and was covered with composite. The fiber posts were exposed in the second and fourth groups, while the fiber posts and luting cement were exposed in the third and fifth groups. The first, second, and third groups were varnished up to one millimeter below the CEJ, and the fourth and fifth groups up to the highest level of the composite core. The specimens were cut into two halves longitudinally with a diamond disc, and the depth of dye penetration was measured using a stereo microscope at the incisal and cervical interfaces. The Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis test were performed to determine the significance of differences between the microleakage of different groups, with a significance level of 0.05. Results: The microleakage values of the groups with exposed fiber posts (fiber post-cement composite) did not differ. Due to the varnish coverage, the microleakage values in the cervical interface showed no significant difference in groups 1, 2, and 3, unaffected by post exposure at the incisal region. Conclusion: Fiber post exposure did not influence the microleakage values of endodontically treated teeth restored with fiber post-composite core buildup.
New Scanographic Index for the Detection of Frailty in Patients with Cirrhosis with a Prognostic Impact
Authors: El Khoueiry Christele , Slim Rita , Rida Mohammad , Khoury Bernard , Honein Khalil , Smayra Tarek , Yaghi Cesar
Published: October 2024

Background: Frailty is linked to an increased incidence of hepatic decompensation and mortality in cirrhosis. The aim of our study was to identify a novel scanographic score that predicts frailty and its impact in cirrhosis. Methods: This study included 51 patients with cirrhosis. We used the frailty scale risk assessment score to identify frail patients. The density and area of different muscles at L3 level were analyzed on computed tomography (CT) sections. The L3 skeletal muscle area adjusted to height and density ratio (L3-SMDHR) was defined as L3 muscle wall*height/density. Results: The L3-SMHDR is significantly higher in frail patients and in patients with Child B/C scores. Frailty was correlated with L3-SMHDR. Frailty and L3- SMHDR were correlated with liver-related events (LRE). We set the most appropriate cut-offs of L3-SMHDR for both sensitivity and specificity by using the ROC: 5.4 for males and 4.7 for females. The AUROC score was 0.784 for male and 0.975 for female patients. The Kappa score between frailty and L3-SMHDR was 0.752, with a percentage of agreement of 87.5%, showing a substantial agreement. This ratio with the divided categories has a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 76%, a positive predictive value of 79.3% and a negative predictive value of 100%. Patients with high L3-SMHDR have significantly lower survival time and a higher incidence of LRE. Conclusion: The L3-SMHDR is a new index for identifying frailty in cirrhosis by using measurable and reproducible variables. It can be used as a prognostic factor for frailty in patients with cirrhosis.
Efficacy of Oral Gabapentin and Acetaminophen for Postoperative Analgesia in Anorectal Surgery: A Fuzzy Logic Evaluation
Authors: Ishagh Hosseini Seyed Jalal , Derakhshan Barjoei Pouya , Bahadorzadeh Mojdeh , Seifaddini Amin , Vahedian Mostafa
Published: October 2024

Background: The present study attempted to evaluate the effect of oral gabapentin and acetaminophen for postoperative analgesia in anorectal surgery. Methods: This double-blind clinical trial was carried out on 144 patients who were candidates for anorectal surgery. The patients were randomly assigned into three groups of control, acetaminophen 500 mg, and gabapentin 300 mg for two hours before the surgery. Data on pain severity based on the visual analog scale (VAS) were evaluated and analyzed. Results: The results of the current study indicated that in patients taking acetaminophen and gabapentin tablets before surgery, the amount of postoperative pain decreased, and the amount of decrease in postoperative pain in the patients who received acetaminophen and gabapentin tablets compared with the placebo group was significant (P<0.001). Also, an evaluation was done using a proposed fuzzy logic model. Conclusion: Taking acetaminophen and gabapentin tablets one hour before the operation causes a significant reduction in postoperative pain in patients who are candidates for anorectal surgery. The results are promising and encourage one to pay attention to more studies with the goal of possibly using them as a decision-support model in the future.