bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A distributed feature selection pipeline for survival analysis using radiomics in non-small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Gottardelli Benedetta , Gouthamchand Varsha , Masciocchi Carlotta , Boldrini Luca , Martino Antonella , Mazzarella Ciro , Massaccesi Mariangela , Monshouwer René , Findhammer Jeroen , Wee Leonard , Dekker Andre , Gambacorta Maria Antonietta , Damiani Andrea
Published: April 2024

Predictive modelling of cancer outcomes using radiomics faces dimensionality problems and data limitations, as radiomics features often number in the hundreds, and multi-institutional data sharing is ()often unfeasible. Federated learning (FL) and feature selection (FS) techniques combined can help overcome these issues, as one provides the means of training models without exchanging sensitive data, while the other identifies the most informative features, reduces overfitting, and improves model interpretability. Our proposed FS pipeline based on FL principles targets data-driven radiomics FS in a multivariate survival study of non-small cell lung cancer patients. The pipeline was run across datasets from three institutions without patient-level data exchange. It includes two FS techniques, Correlation-based Feature Selection and LASSO regularization, and Cox Proportional-Hazard regression with Overall Survival as endpoint. Trained and validated on 828 patients overall, our pipeline yielded a radiomic signature comprising "intensity-based energy" and "mean discretised intensity". Validation resulted in a mean Harrell C-index of 0.59, showcasing fair efficacy in risk stratification. In conclusion, we suggest a distributed radiomics approach that incorporates preliminary feature selection to systematically decrease the feature set based on data-driven considerations. This aims to address dimensionality challenges beyond those associated with data constraints and interpretability concerns.
Early gastric cancer detection and lesion segmentation based on deep learning and gastroscopic images
Authors: Zhang Kezhi , Wang Haibao , Cheng Yaru , Liu Hongyan , Gong Qi , Zeng Qian , Zhang Tao , Wei Guoqiang , Wei Zhi , Chen Dong
Published: April 2024

Gastric cancer is a highly prevalent disease that poses a serious threat to public health. In clinical practice, gastroscopy is frequently used by medical practitioners to screen for gastric cancer. However, the symptoms of gastric cancer at different stages of advancement vary significantly, particularly in the case of early gastric cancer (EGC). The manifestations of EGC are often indistinct, leading to a detection rate of less than 10%. In recent years, researchers have focused on leveraging deep learning algorithms to assist medical professionals in detecting EGC and thereby improve detection rates. To enhance the ability of deep learning to detect EGC and segment lesions in gastroscopic images, an Improved Mask R-CNN (IMR-CNN) model was proposed. This model incorporates a “Bi-directional feature extraction and fusion module” and a “Purification module for feature channel and space” based on the Mask R-CNN (MR-CNN). Our study includes a dataset of 1120 images of EGC for training and validation of the models. The experimental results indicate that the IMR-CNN model outperforms the original MR-CNN model, with Precision, Recall, Accuracy, Specificity and F1-Score values of 92.9%, 95.3%, 93.9%, 92.5% and 94.1%, respectively. Therefore, our proposed IMR-CNN model has superior detection and lesion segmentation capabilities and can effectively aid doctors in diagnosing EGC from gastroscopic images.
Genetic predisposition to childhood obesity does not influence the risk of developing skin cancer in adulthood
Authors: Keatley Jay , Law Matthew H. , Seviiri Mathias , Olsen Catherine M. , Pandeya Nirmala , Ong Jue-Sheng , MacGregor Stuart , Whiteman David C. , Dusingize Jean Claude
Published: April 2024

The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and melanoma and other skin cancers remains unclear. The objective of this study was to employ the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to evaluate the effects of genetically predicted childhood adiposity on the risk of developing skin cancer later in life. Two-sample MR analyses were conducted using summary data from genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analyses of childhood BMI, melanoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC). We used the inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) methods to obtain a pooled estimate across all genetic variants for childhood BMI. We performed multiple sensitivity analyses to evaluate the potential influence of various assumptions on our findings. We found no evidence that genetically predicted childhood BMI was associated with risks of developing melanoma, cSCC, or BCC in adulthood (OR, 95% CI: melanoma: 1.02 (0.93–1.13), cSCC 0.94 (0.79–1.11), BCC 0.97 (0.84–1.12)). Our findings do not support the conclusions from observational studies that childhood BMI is associated with increased risks of melanoma, cSCC, or BCC in adulthood. Intervening on childhood adiposity will not reduce the risk of common skin cancers later in life.
Temporal progression of pupil dilation and gaze behavior to emotion expressions in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Polzer Leonie , Schenk Marc , Raji Naisan , Kleber Solvejg , Lemler Christian , Kitzerow-Cleven Janina , Kim Ziyon , Freitag Christine M. , Bast Nico
Published: April 2024

Previous work has shown divergent pupil dilation (PD) and gaze behavior in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which may relate to the development of social difficulties in early life. Here, we investigated temporal dynamics of both phenotypes during naturalistic videos of a person displaying facial emotion expressions in 61 autistic and 61 non-autistic preschoolers. PD was segmented into three serial time components derived from a principal component analysis. Growth curve analysis was applied to analyze changes in looking time on eye and mouth regions over time. Groups did not differ in PD time components. Growth curve analysis revealed initially shorter looking times on the eyes and longer looking times on the mouth in autistic versus non-autistic preschoolers. However, a reversion of this pattern was observed over time, suggesting a delayed compensatory increase in eye attention during prolonged viewing periods in autistic children. Positive and negative associations of PD components and gaze behavior over time indicated a dynamic temporal relationship during emotion viewing. Our findings emphasize the need to apply time-sensitive measures in ecologically valid research, which may index etiological mechanisms of social difficulties in ASD.
A scalable blockchain based framework for efficient IoT data management using lightweight consensus
Authors: Haque Ehtisham Ul , Shah Adil , Iqbal Jawaid , Ullah Syed Sajid , Alroobaea Roobaea , Hussain Saddam
Published: April 2024

Recent research has focused on applying blockchain technology to solve security-related problems in Internet of Things (IoT) networks. However, the inherent scalability issues of blockchain technology become apparent in the presence of a vast number of IoT devices and the substantial data generated by these networks. Therefore, in this paper, we use a lightweight consensus algorithm to cater to these problems. We propose a scalable blockchain-based framework for managing IoT data, catering to a large number of devices. This framework utilizes the Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) consensus algorithm to ensure enhanced performance and efficiency in resource-constrained IoT networks. DPoS being a lightweight consensus algorithm leverages a selected number of elected delegates to validate and confirm transactions, thus mitigating the performance and efficiency degradation in the blockchain-based IoT networks. In this paper, we implemented an Interplanetary File System (IPFS) for distributed storage, and Docker to evaluate the network performance in terms of throughput, latency, and resource utilization. We divided our analysis into four parts: Latency, throughput, resource utilization, and file upload time and speed in distributed storage evaluation. Our empirical findings demonstrate that our framework exhibits low latency, measuring less than 0.976 ms. The proposed technique outperforms Proof of Stake (PoS), representing a state-of-the-art consensus technique. We also demonstrate that the proposed approach is useful in IoT applications where low latency or resource efficiency is required.
VespAI: a deep learning-based system for the detection of invasive hornets
Authors: O’Shea-Wheller Thomas A. , Corbett Andrew , Osborne Juliet L. , Recker Mario , Kennedy Peter J.
Published: April 2024

The invasive hornet Vespa velutina nigrithorax is a rapidly proliferating threat to pollinators in Europe and East Asia. To effectively limit its spread, colonies must be detected and destroyed early in the invasion curve, however the current reliance upon visual alerts by the public yields low accuracy. Advances in deep learning offer a potential solution to this, but the application of such technology remains challenging. Here we present VespAI, an automated system for the rapid detection of V. velutina. We leverage a hardware-assisted AI approach, combining a standardised monitoring station with deep YOLOv5s architecture and a ResNet backbone, trained on a bespoke end-to-end pipeline. This enables the system to detect hornets in real-time—achieving a mean precision-recall score of ≥0.99—and send associated image alerts via a compact remote processor. We demonstrate the successful operation of a prototype system in the field, and confirm its suitability for large-scale deployment in future use cases. As such, VespAI has the potential to transform the way that invasive hornets are managed, providing a robust early warning system to prevent ingressions into new regions.
Convergent gene losses and pseudogenizations in multiple lineages of stomachless fishes
Authors: Kato Akira , Pipil Supriya , Ota Chihiro , Kusakabe Makoto , Watanabe Taro , Nagashima Ayumi , Chen An-Ping , Islam Zinia , Hayashi Naoko , Wong Marty Kwok-Shing , Komada Masayuki , Romero Michael F. , Takei Yoshio
Published: April 2024

The regressive evolution of independent lineages often results in convergent phenotypes. Several teleost groups display secondary loss of the stomach, and four gastric genes, atp4a, atp4b, pgc, and pga2 have been co-deleted in agastric (stomachless) fish. Analyses of genotypic convergence among agastric fishes showed that four genes, slc26a9, kcne2, cldn18a, and vsig1, were co-deleted or pseudogenized in most agastric fishes of the four major groups. kcne2 and vsig1 were also deleted or pseudogenized in the agastric monotreme echidna and platypus, respectively. In the stomachs of sticklebacks, these genes are expressed in gastric gland cells or surface epithelial cells. An ohnolog of cldn18 was retained in some agastric teleosts but exhibited an increased non-synonymous substitution when compared with gastric species. These results revealed novel convergent gene losses at multiple loci among the four major groups of agastric fish, as well as a single gene loss in the echidna and platypus.
Dynamics of evolutionary succession and coordination between opposite adaptations in cuckoo hosts under antagonistic coevolution
Authors: Yang Canchao , Zhang Ziqi
Published: April 2024

Adaptations are driven by specific natural selection pressures throughout biological evolution. However, these cannot inherently align with future shifts in selection dynamics, thus manifesting in opposing directions. We performed field experiments on cuckoo hosts to investigate the coexistence and conflict between two evolutionarily successive but opposing behavioral adaptations—egg retrieval and rejection. Our findings provide key insights. (1) Egg rejection against brood parasites in hosts reshapes egg retrieval to flexible reactions—retrieval, ignoring, or outright rejection of foreign eggs outside the nest cup, departing from instinctual retrieval. (2) Parasitism pressure and egg mimicry by parasites remarkably alter the proportions of the three host reactions. Host species with higher parasitism pressure exhibit frequent and rapid rejection of non-mimetic foreign eggs and reduced ignoring or retrieval responses. Conversely, heightened egg mimicry enhances retrieval behaviors while diminishing ignoring responses. (3) Cuckoos employ consistent mechanisms for rejecting foreign eggs inside or outside the nest cup. Direct rejection of eggs outside the nest cup shows that rejection precedes retrieval, indicating prioritization of specific adaptation over instinct. (4) Cuckoo hosts navigate the conflict between the intentions and motivations associated with egg rejection and retrieval by ignoring foreign eggs, a specific outcome of the rejection–retrieval tradeoff.
Recent reductions in aerosol emissions have increased Earth’s energy imbalance
Authors: Hodnebrog Øivind , Myhre Gunnar , Jouan Caroline , Andrews Timothy , Forster Piers M. , Jia Hailing , Loeb Norman G. , Olivié Dirk J. L. , Paynter David , Quaas Johannes , Raghuraman Shiv Priyam , Schulz Michael
Published: April 2024

The Earth’s energy imbalance is the net radiative flux at the top-of-atmosphere. Climate model simulations suggest that the observed positive imbalance trend in the previous two decades is inconsistent with internal variability alone and caused by anthropogenic forcing and the resulting climate system response. Here, we investigate anthropogenic contributions to the imbalance trend using climate models forced with observed sea-surface temperatures. We find that the effective radiative forcing due to anthropogenic aerosol emission reductions has led to a 0.2 ± 0.1 W m−2 decade−1 strengthening of the 2001–2019 imbalance trend. The multi-model ensemble reproduces the observed imbalance trend of 0.47 ± 0.17 W m−2 decade−1 but with 10-40% underestimation. With most future scenarios showing further rapid reductions of aerosol emissions due to air quality legislation, such emission reductions may continue to strengthen Earth’s energy imbalance, on top of the greenhouse gas contribution. Consequently, we may expect an accelerated surface temperature warming in this decade.
Question-answering system extracts information on injection drug use from clinical notes
Authors: Mahbub Maria , Goethert Ian , Danciu Ioana , Knight Kathryn , Srinivasan Sudarshan , Tamang Suzanne , Rozenberg-Ben-Dror Karine , Solares Hugo , Martins Susana , Trafton Jodie , Begoli Edmon , Peterson Gregory D.
Published: April 2024

Background

Injection drug use (IDU) can increase mortality and morbidity. Therefore, identifying IDU early and initiating harm reduction interventions can benefit individuals at risk. However, extracting IDU behaviors from patients’ electronic health records (EHR) is difficult because there is no other structured data available, such as International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes, and IDU is most often documented in unstructured free-text clinical notes. Although natural language processing can efficiently extract this information from unstructured data, there are no validated tools.

Methods

To address this gap in clinical information, we design a question-answering (QA) framework to extract information on IDU from clinical notes for use in clinical operations. Our framework involves two main steps: (1) generating a gold-standard QA dataset and (2) developing and testing the QA model. We use 2323 clinical notes of 1145 patients curated from the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Corporate Data Warehouse to construct the gold-standard dataset for developing and evaluating the QA model. We also demonstrate the QA model’s ability to extract IDU-related information from temporally out-of-distribution data.

Results

Here, we show that for a strict match between gold-standard and predicted answers, the QA model achieves a 51.65% F1 score. For a relaxed match between the gold-standard and predicted answers, the QA model obtains a 78.03% F1 score, along with 85.38% Precision and 79.02% Recall scores. Moreover, the QA model demonstrates consistent performance when subjected to temporally out-of-distribution data.

Conclusions

Our study introduces a QA framework designed to extract IDU information from clinical notes, aiming to enhance the accurate and efficient detection of people who inject drugs, extract relevant information, and ultimately facilitate informed patient care.
Establishing ecological thresholds and targets for groundwater management
Authors: Rohde Melissa M. , Stella John C. , Singer Michael Bliss , Roberts Dar A. , Caylor Kelly K. , Albano Christine M.
Published: April 2024

Groundwater is critical for many ecosystems, yet groundwater requirements for dependent ecosystems are rarely accounted for during water and conservation planning. Here we compile 38 years of Landsat-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to evaluate groundwater-dependent vegetation responses to changes in depth to groundwater (DTG) across California. To maximize applicability, we standardized raw NDVI and DTG values using Z scores to identify groundwater thresholds, groundwater targets and map potential drought refugia across a diversity of biomes and local conditions. Groundwater thresholds were analysed for vegetation impacts where ZNDVI dropped below −1. ZDTG thresholds and targets were then evaluated with respect to groundwater-dependent vegetation in different condition classes and rooting depths. ZNDVI scores were applied statewide to identify potential drought refugia supported by groundwater. Our approach provides a simple and robust methodology for water and conservation practitioners to support ecosystem water needs so biodiversity and sustainable water-management goals can be achieved.
Characterizing functional DNA damage and response caused by the combination of CHK1 and WEE1 inhibitors in ovarian and breast cancer models
Authors: Stewart Adam , Song Jiin , Pickard Lisa , Muggiolu Giovanna , Sauvaigo Sylvie , Brandon Alexis De Haven , Raynaud Florence , Banerji Udai
Published: April 2024

Background

We proposed to quantify reduction of functional DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms caused by the combination of CHK1 and WEE1 inhibitors.

Methods

Survival of cells and tumor growth in-vitro and in-vivo caused by the combination of the CHK1 inhibitor SRA737 and the WEE1 inhibitor adavosertib was studied in OVCAR3 and MDA-MB 436 cells. Functional DNA damage was quantified using in vitro cell free DNA assays.

Results

The combination of SRA737 and adavosertib caused significant reduction of survival of cells and DNA damage in-vitro and growth inhibition in-vivo. Studies using functional DDR assays found significant changes in the functional capacity of OVCAR3 but not MDA-MB 436 cells to repair DNA damage using multiple mechanisms including intra strand cross link repair, nucleotide excision repair, homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining. This study, for the first time provides a mechanistic insight into differences in the reduction in functional capacity of cells to repair DNA when exposed to CHK1 and WEE1 inhibitors.

Conclusion

The combination of the CHK1 inhibitor SRA737 and WEE1 inhibitor adavosertib causes growth inhibition in-vitro and in-vivo, but differential functional inhibition of DDR in the models studied.
Will the promise of translational neuropsychopharmacology research ever deliver? The lion’s roar; the kitten’s purr
Authors: McGinty Jacqueline F. , Arango Victoria , Brady Kathleen T. , Comer Sandra D. , Goldstein Rita Z. , Nestler Eric J. , Stoops William W. , Nader Michael A.
Published: April 2024

The gap between neuropsychopharmacology research claims (the lion’s roar) and effective treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders (the kitten’s purr) persists. However, a pattern of purrs over time may be as important as a loud roar. This perspective pulls together diverse preclinical and clinical voices of major figures in the neuropsychopharmacology research field to address how inter-disciplinary scientific approaches progress from thinking about the brain and its disorders to testing novel hypotheses to implementing treatments that may improve brain health in individuals with neuropsychiatric disorders.
Food Microbiology
Authors: Adams Martin R. , McClure Peter J. , Moss Maurice O.
Published: April 2024

Looking for a comprehensive textbook that covers the interaction between micro-organisms and food? Spoilage, foodborne illness, and fermentation.

Food Microbiology has been the most popular textbook in this area since it was first published in 1995. Now in its fifth edition, the highly successful authors bring the book right up to date.

Maintaining its general structure and philosophy to encompass modern food microbiology, this new edition provides updated and revised individual chapters and uses new examples to illustrate incidents. It covers the three main aspects of the interaction between micro-organisms and food and the positive and negative features that result. Attention is paid to the illustrations included and there is a discussion on the factors affecting the presence of micro-organisms in foods and their capacity to survive and grow. Finally, recent developments in procedures used to assay and control the microbiological quality of food and protect public health are reported.

Thorough and accessible, this book is designed for students in the biological sciences, biotechnology, and food science, as well as a valuable resource for researchers, teachers, and practising food microbiologists.
Probing the influence of strontium doping and annealing temperature on the structure and biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite nanorods
Authors: Patil Harsha G. , Rajendran Archana , Lenka Nibedita , Kumar B. Sachin , Murugesan Selvakumar , Anandhan S.
Published: April 2024

The morphology and crystalline parameters of Sr-doped HAp were fine-tuned by varying the dopant concentration and annealing temperature, and the Sr-doped HAp exhibited excellent biocompatibility.
Zinc iso-plating/stripping: toward a practical Zn powder anode with ultra-long life over 5600 h
Authors: Chen Hongli , Zhang Wanyu , Yi Shan , Su Zhe , Zhao Zhiqiang , Zhang Yayun , Niu Bo , Long Donghui
Published: April 2024

A zincophilic Bi-metal nanosheets guiding iso-plating/stripping strategy is developed to overcome Zn powder anode collapse and achieve ultra-long life.
Integrated microfluidic-based ultrafine water condensation particle counter (UWCPC) for monitoring of airborne nanoparticle generation and growth mechanisms
Authors: Yoo Seong-Jae , Kim Yong-Jun
Published: April 2024

This study reports a newly developed condensation particle counter for nanoparticle source tracking, growth mechanism analysis, and wide area nanoparticle monitoring.
Degradation of a lithium cobalt oxide cathode under high voltage operation at an interface with an oxide solid electrolyte
Authors: Ito Kotaro , Tamura Kazuhisa , Shimizu Keisuke , Yamada Norifumi L. , Watanabe Kenta , Suzuki Kota , Kanno Ryoji , Hirayama Masaaki
Published: April 2024

Lithium (de)intercalation of layered rocksalt-type cathodes in high-voltage regions is of great importance for achieving a high energy density in lithium batteries.
A nanoengineered vanadium oxide composite as a high-performance anode for aqueous Li-ion hybrid batteries
Authors: Huang Ailun , Yang Zhiyin , Chang Xueying , Lin Cheng-Wei , Kaner Richard B.
Published: April 2024

We report a novel synthetic approach combining laser-scribing and calcination to make a pseudocapacitive V2O5/laser-scribed graphene composite. The unconventional synthesis gives rise to high-performance.
Ultra-compact and high-performance suspended aluminum scandium nitride Lamb wave humidity sensor with a graphene oxide layer
Authors: Luo Zhifang , Li Dongxiao , Le Xianhao , He Tianyiyi , Shao Shuai , Lv Qiaoya , Liu Zhaojun , Lee Chengkuo , Wu Tao
Published: April 2024

We propose an ultra-compact AlScN Lamb Wave humidity sensor, which utilizes a suspended structure and an AlScN thin film to improve the sensing performance.
Fine-tuning of stable organic free-radical photosensitizers for photodynamic immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Xiang , Shi Gaona , Wei Rao , Li Meng , Zhang Qingyang , Zhang Tiantai , Chen Chuan-Feng , Hu Hai-Yu
Published: April 2024

We developed a novel strategy to enhance type I photodynamic therapy by using doublet radicals instead of radical intermediates, which effectively generated ROS, triggered anti-tumor immune response and superior photodynamic immunotherapy efficacy.
Particle-based and continuum models for confined nematics in two dimensions
Authors: Híjar Humberto , Majumdar Apala
Published: April 2024

Particle-based mesoscopic simulations conduct 2D nematics confined in polygons through consistent defect annihilation dynamics and produce unstable structures that transform into equilibrium textures predicted by the Landau-de Gennes theory.
A bridge between trust and control: computational workflows meet automated battery cycling
Authors: Kraus Peter , Bainglass Edan , Ramirez Francisco F. , Svaluto-Ferro Enea , Ercole Loris , Kunz Benjamin , Huber Sebastiaan P. , Plainpan Nukorn , Marzari Nicola , Battaglia Corsin , Pizzi Giovanni
Published: April 2024

We demonstrate a link between workflow management and instrument automation tools, effectively bridging “trust” from tracking data provenance with automated “control” of experiments. We illustrate our approach using a battery cycling case study.
Resonance of KNbO3 nanofibers is effectively stimulated by ultrasound with low frequency and low power to enhance piezocatalytic activity
Authors: Zheng Wanxing , Tang Yufei , Jia Chaofeng , Liu Zhaowei , Zhang Zhuangzhuang , Zhao Kang
Published: April 2024

Resonance-activated KNbO3 nanofibers have significant strain-induced piezoelectric potential, facilitating the conversion of mechanical to chemical energy. The presence of resonance-enhanced mechanism can reduce the requirement for ultrasonic power input.
Structure identification and mechanism exploration of ultralow-content of metal doped Cu for efficient electrochemical production of ammonia in dilute nitrate concentrations
Authors: Zhan Jiayu , Zhang Lu-Hua , Hong Yaohua , Yu Fengshou
Published: April 2024

Metal doping simultaneously optimizes the adsorption of *NO2 and *H, and thus facilitates the subsequent hydrogenation, beneficial for NO3−RR.
An immunochromatographic strip sensor for rapid and sensitive detection of candesartan, olmesartan medoxomil, and irbesartan in herbal beverages
Authors: Li Dingyu , Wu Aihong , Liu Liqiang , Kuang Hua , Xu Chuanlai , Wu Xiaoling
Published: April 2024

Sartans, as a class of antihypertensive drugs, pose a threat to human health when illegally added to herbal beverages.
Online quantification of nicotine in e-cigarette aerosols by vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Ye Shaoxin , Wen Zuoying , Xie Kai , Gu Xuejun , Wang Jian , Tang Xiaofeng , Zhang Weijun
Published: April 2024

A new method for quantifying nicotine in e-cigarette aerosols within a few seconds using a homemade VUV-AMS.
Caffeine quantification in dietary supplements using high-throughput on-line solid phase extraction coupled to Venturi easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Tega David Ulisses , Campos Oliveira Luan Felipe , Ferreira Patrick Cesar , Soldera Bruna Beatriz , Nascimento Heliara Dalva Lopes , Eberlin Marcos Nogueira , Sussulini Alessandra
Published: April 2024

Optimization of a LC-V-EASI-MS system. Employment of LC-V-EASI-MS and online SPE to enhance analytical performance for caffeine determination reaching 90 s per sample.
Influence of the phonon-bottleneck effect and low-energy vibrational modes on the slow spin-phonon relaxation in Kramers-ions-based Cu(ii) and Co(ii) complexes with 4-amino-3,5-bis-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole and dicyanamide
Authors: Potočňák Ivan , Bukrynov Oleksandr , Kliuikov Andrii , Holub Mariia , Vitushkina Svitlana , Samoľová Erika , Čižmár Erik , Váhovská Lucia
Published: April 2024

Two new complexes, [Cu(abpt)2(dca)2] and [Co(abpt)2(dca)2] (abpt = 4-amino-3,5-bis-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole; dca = dicyanamide), have been prepared and magneto-structurally characterised.
Effective photosensitized emission of a Tb(iii) complex using a β-diketonate photosensitizer and an oxygen barrier system in a thermally populated triplet state
Authors: Inage Kota , Wang Mengfei , Hasegawa Yasuchika , Kitagawa Yuichi
Published: April 2024

A Tb(iii) complex with a β-diketonate photosensitizer and bulky ancillary ligands exhibits strong photosensitized emission. The bulky ancillary ligand plays a crucial role in shielding from oxygen, resulting in effective photosensitized emission.
Unlocking single molecule magnetism: a supramolecular strategy for isolating neutral MnIII salen-type dimer in crystalline environments
Authors: Kyoya Yuri , Takahashi Kiyonori , Kosaka Wataru , Huang Rui-Kang , Xue Chen , Wu Jia-bing , Miyasaka Hitoshi , Nakamura Takayoshi
Published: April 2024

Neutral Mn salen-type dimer is magnetically isolated and exhibits SMM behaviour by supramolecular formation with dibenzo[24]crown-8 in a crystal.
Guest water-induced structural transformation and spin-crossover variation of a two-dimensional Hofmann-type compound
Authors: Liu Zhi-Kun , Sun Ke , Xue Jin-Peng , Yao Zi-Shuo , Tao Jun
Published: April 2024

A two-dimensional Hofmann-type coordination polymer [FeII(o-NTrz)2PtII(CN)4]·H2O (o-NTrz = 4-(o-nitrobenzyl)imino-1,2,4-triazole) shows changes in spin-crossover behavior due to the loss of water molecules and consequent rotation of ligand o-NTrz.
Spectroscopic and thermodynamic characterization of a cobalt-verdazyl valence tautomeric system. influence of crystal structure, solvent and counterion
Authors: Brook David J. R. , DaRos Jeffrey , Ponnekanti Aamani , Agrestini Stefano , Pellegrin Eric
Published: April 2024

Valence tautomerization in the cobalt bis verdazyl system [Co(dipyvd)2]2+ is associated with large ligand geometry changes. As a result the equilibrium is strongly dependent on intermolecular interaction in both solid and solution phases.
Modulated spin dynamics of [Co2] coordination helicates via differential strand composition
Authors: Barrios Leoní A. , Capó Nuria , Boulehjour Hanae , Reta Daniel , Tejedor Inés , Roubeau Olivier , Aromí Guillem
Published: April 2024

A family of bis-pyrazolylpyridine ligands represents a versatile entry into [Co2] triple-stranded helicates encapsulating various anionic guests, enabling to study the effects of different factors on the mechanisms of magnetic relaxation of their individual Co(ii) centers.
The coordination of alkali–metal nickelates to organic π-systems: synthetic, structural and spectroscopic insights
Authors: Borys Andryj M. , Vedani Luca , Hevia Eva
Published: April 2024

By assessing of the co-complexation chemistry of PhM (M = Li, Na or K) with Ni(ttt-CDT) in the presence of organic π-acceptors, new structural and spectroscopic insights into the coordination chemistry of alkali–metal nickelates have been gained.
Integrating the amino-functionalized MOF-5 film with the silver nanoparticle substrate for a high SERS enhancement effect and long-term stability
Authors: Tran Nguyen La Ngoc , Tho Le Hong , Tran Ngoc Quang , Ta Hanh Kieu Thi , Phan Bach Thang , Pham Nguyet N. T. , Doan Tan Le Hoang , Tran Nhu Hoa Thi
Published: April 2024

SERS effective region of the plasmonic electric field is strongly enhanced by the self-assembled layer of MOF-5-NH2.
Age-induced excellence with green solvents: the impact of residual solvent and post-treatments in screen-printed carbon perovskite solar cells and modules
Authors: Worsley Carys , Potts Sarah-Jane , Hughes Declan , Tsoi Wing Chung , Watson Trystan
Published: April 2024

Screen-printed perovskite devices made using green γ-valerolactone precursors are found to improve significantly following fabrication due to slow residual solvent loss over time. This is also observed in large-scale 220 cm2 modules.
Azole-based compounds as potential anti-Acanthamoeba agents
Authors: Qubais Saeed Balsam , Hamdy Rania , Akbar Noor , Sajeevan Sreedevi Edathadan , Khan Naveed Ahmed , Soliman Sameh S. M.
Published: April 2024

New azole derivatives against Acanthamoeba castellanii.
Bipyraloxifene – a modified raloxifene vector against triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Kazimir Aleksandr , Götze Tom , Murganić Blagoje , Mijatović Sanja , Maksimović-Ivanić Danijela , Hey-Hawkins Evamarie
Published: April 2024

The synthetic combination of raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, with a 2,2′-bipyridine moiety results in bipyraloxifene, a potential drug with enhanced activity against triple negative breast cancer.
Ordered mesoporous carbon with binary CoFe atomic species for highly efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalysis
Authors: Pan Fengying , Shen Ziyan , Cao Xianjun , Zhang Yuxia , Gong Cheng , Wu Jinhu , Zhang Jinqiang , Liu Hao , Li Xiaowei , Zhao Yufei
Published: April 2024

A novel electrocatalyst consisting of CoFe nanoparticles and atomically dispersed dual atoms anchored on ordered mesoporous carbon has been designed and prepared, exhibiting appealing oxygen reduction capability.
Photoinduced decatungstate-catalyzed C(sp3)–H thioetherification by sulfinate salts
Authors: Li Pengcheng , Tu Jia-Lin , Hu Ao-Men , Guo Lin , Yang Chao , Xia Wujiong
Published: April 2024

A visible light photoinduced decatungstate-catalyzed C(sp3)–H thioetherification of hydrocarbons by sodium sulfite is herein reported.
Defect-rich Pd@PdOs nanobelts for electrocatalytic oxidation of ethylene glycol
Authors: Wang Xianlong , Wei Xuewen , Zhang Ruifan , Yan Min , Wei Ranran , Zhang Xiaoying , Zhu Zhaoyou , Wang Yinglong , Zhao Xinling , Yin Shuli
Published: April 2024

Reasonable design and development of catalysts with specific components and morphologies can effectively improve the catalytic performance of nanomaterials.
Facile access to tetra-substituted FeIIFeII biomimetics for the oxidized state active site of [FeFe]-hydrogenases
Authors: Gao Xin-Ping , Bai Shu-Fen , Wang Yan-Lan , Lü Shuang , Li Qian-Li
Published: April 2024

This study presents a convenient approach to obtain two distinct types of novel tetra-substituted Fe/Se salts through a dehalogenation reaction. The objective is to advance research in mimicking the FeIIFeII oxidation state in [FeFe]-H2ases.
Performance characterization and biocompatibility assessment of silicone polyurethanes for polymer heart valve applications
Authors: Liu Bixuan , Liu Zhihua , Wei Haiyang , Meng Yana , Hou Qianwen , Wang Aili , Zhang Yongkai , Han Enhui , Hu Shengshou , Zhou Jianye
Published: April 2024

Silicone polyurethanes have gained widespread application in the biomedical field due to their excellent biocompatibility.
Fe3O4@SiO2 core/shell functionalized by gallic acid: a novel, robust, and water-compatible heterogeneous magnetic nanocatalyst for environmentally friendly synthesis of acridine-1,8-diones
Authors: Firoozi Zahra , Khalili Dariush , Sardarian Ali Reza
Published: April 2024

An efficient route for the construction of acridine-1,8-diones using Fe3O4@SiO2 core/shell functionalized by sulfonated gallic acid as a robust heterogeneous catalyst.
Fabrication of samarium doped MOF-808 as an efficient photocatalyst for the removal of the drug cefaclor from water
Authors: Khaleeq Anum , Tariq Saadia Rashid , Chotana Ghayoor Abbas
Published: April 2024

MOFs are emerging photocatalysts designed by tuning organic ligands and metal centers for optimal efficiency.
Photocatalyzed hydrodecarboxylation of fatty acids: a prospective method to produce drop-in biofuels
Authors: de Azevedo Amanda M. , de Araujo Jhudson G. L. , da Silva Maria do S. B. , dos Anjos Aecia S. D. , de Araújo Aruzza M. M. , dos Santos Elisama V. , Martínez-Huitle Carlos Alberto , Gondim Amanda D. , Cavalcanti Lívia N.
Published: April 2024

A direct and practical method for photocatalyzed hydrodecarboxylation of fatty acids is reported herein.
Ultrafast photophysics of an orange–red thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter: the role of external structural restraint
Authors: Gao Yixuan , Wang Yaxin , Guo Zilong , Wan Yan , Xue Zheng , Han Yandong , Yang Wensheng , Ma Xiaonan
Published: April 2024

Non-radiative decay of orange–red TADF emitters are strongly associated with excited-state structural relaxation through promoting vibrational modes, for which external structural restraint is critical for achieving high OLED emitting efficiency.
A mesoporous Ta2O5/Nb2O5 nanocomposite with Lewis/Brønsted acid sites to enhance stepwise glucose conversion to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Mahala Sangeeta , Arumugam Senthil Murugan , Kunchala Ravi Kumar , Devi Bhawana , Elumalai Sasikumar
Published: April 2024

The Ta2O5/Nb2O5 composite enables a systematic glucose conversion to HMF via fructose intermediate formation with selectivity attributed to the provision of Lewis and Brønsted acidic sites.
Angle-resolved optical spectroscopy of photonic cellulose nanocrystal films reveals the influence of additives on the mechanism of kinetic arrest
Authors: Parton Thomas G. , Parker Richard M. , Osbild Sonja , Vignolini Silvia , Frka-Petesic Bruno
Published: April 2024

Photonic films produced by cellulose nanocrystal self-assembly offer a sustainable source of colouration. Their angular optical response reveals the suspension conditions at kinetic arrest and how common additives affect this liquid–solid transition.
Engineering electronic band structure of ternary thermoelectric nanocatalysts for highly efficient detection of hydrogen sulfide
Authors: Shang Hongyuan , Zhang Xiaofei , Zhang Aiping , Du Jinwen , Zhang Ruiping
Published: April 2024

This study rationally designs a ternary thermoelectric nanocatalyst PtTeCu nanorod for the accurate detection of hydrogen sulfide in biomedical applications.
Advances in the direct electro-conversion of captured CO2 into valuable products
Authors: Langie Kezia , Bak Gwangsu , Lee Ung , Lee Dong Ki , Lee Chan Woo , Hwang Yun Jeong , Won Da Hye
Published: April 2024

A comprehensive review of direct captured CO2 electro-conversion technology, a promising Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) technology that can achieve both techno-economic and environmental viability.
Unveiling the fundamental understanding of two dimensional π-conjugated FeN4+4 sites for boosting peroxymonosulfate activation
Authors: Jin Sijia , Tan Wenxian , Tang Xiaofeng , Yao Xia , Bao Yingjian , Zhang Haiyan , Song Shuang , Zeng Tao
Published: April 2024

The precisely defined FeN4+4 active sites in fully π-conjugated polyphthalocyanine frameworks establish a dual-pump-driven electron fast shuttle path—electron-rich Fe centers and electron-poor C atoms—ensuring continuous production of 1O2.
Investigation of the stoichiometric deviation between the mixed cation, mixed halide lead perovskite thin film and its precursor solution
Authors: Si Hio-Kun , Musa Ahmed Fouad , Su Tzu-Sen , Wei Tzu-Chien
Published: April 2024

This study introduces a robust method to separate organic and inorganic parts in perovskite films. It pioneers UV-Vis measurement to detect stoichiometric differences between precursor solutions and films, showing a mismatch in chemical composition.
Exploring centimeter-sized single crystals of a 2D Dion–Jacobson halide perovskite toward efficient X-ray detection
Authors: Fan Yipeng , Chen Jiayi , Ouyang Xinping , Zhang Shuhua
Published: April 2024

A 2D halide perovskite (1) was syntheized. 1 shows semiconductor properties, such as a high resistivity (6.01 × 1010 Ω cm) and a μτ product (6.21 × 10−4 cm2 V−1), a low LOD of 236 nGyair s−1 and a sensitivity of 270 μC Gyair−1 cm−2 at a 5 V bias.
Efficient orange organic light-emitting diodes employing a central aniline bridged multiresonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter
Authors: Sen Wu  , Hu Ya-Nan , Wang Jingxiang , Sun Dianming , Wang Kai , Zhang Xiao-Hong , Zysman-Colman Eli
Published: April 2024

We report a narrowband orange multiresonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitter and it use in high-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes.
Ce:(Lu,Sr)3(Al,Si)5O12 transparent ceramics for high-power white LEDs/LDs with ultra-high luminance saturation threshold
Authors: Zhang Xiyue , Sang Pengfei , Wei Cong , Lin Shenghui , Kang Jian , Li Yanbin , Sun Bingheng , Li Yang , Selim Farida A , Zhou Chunming , Zhou Tianyuan , Chen Shiwei , Shi Chaofan , Stręk Wieslaw , Chen Hao , Zhang Le
Published: April 2024

“Heavy atom substitution” was utilized to improve the thermal behaviors of Ce:LuAG transparent ceramics via Sr2+/Si4+ doping, exhibiting high luminous efficiency of radiation (261.98 lm W−1) and high luminance saturation threshold (∼65 W mm−2).
Kilogram-scale high-yield production of PbI2 microcrystals for optimized photodetectors
Authors: Sun Huiru , Su Longxing , Zeng Qiang , Pan Yuan , Guo Zhenshan , An Kang , Xia Zhonghui , Huang Zibin , Liu Fangyang , Chen Hongyu
Published: April 2024

In this work, PbI2-based photodetectors with symmetric Au–Au and asymmetric Au-graphene electrode structures are made. The asymmetric PbI2 device shows 3–4.8 times higher photocurrent compared to the symmetric device under the same light intensities.
Age Impacts Speech-in-Noise Recognition Differently for Nonnative and Native Listeners
Authors: Phillips Ian , Bieber Rebecca E. , Dirks Coral , Grant Ken W. , Brungart Douglas S.
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to explore potential differences in suprathreshold auditory function among native and nonnative speakers of English as a function of age.

Method:

Retrospective analyses were performed on three large data sets containing suprathreshold auditory tests completed by 5,572 participants who were self-identified native and nonnative speakers of English between the ages of 18–65 years, including a binaural tone detection test, a digit identification test, and a sentence recognition test.

Results:

The analyses show a significant interaction between increasing age and participant group on tests involving speech-based stimuli (digit strings, sentences) but not on the binaural tone detection test. For both speech tests, differences in speech recognition emerged between groups during early adulthood, and increasing age had a more negative impact on word recognition for nonnative compared to native participants. Age-related declines in performance were 2.9 times faster for digit strings and 3.3 times faster for sentences for nonnative participants compared to native participants.

Conclusions:

This set of analyses extends the existing literature by examining interactions between aging and self-identified native English speaker status in several auditory domains in a cohort of adults spanning young adulthood through middle age. The finding that older nonnative English speakers in this age cohort may have greater-than-expected deficits on speech-in-noise perception may have clinical implications on how these individuals should be diagnosed and treated for hearing difficulties.
Orthographic and Semantic Learning During Shared Reading: Investigating Relations to Early Word Reading
Authors: Heintzman Savannah M. , Deacon S. Hélène
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

Shared reading provides preschool-age children with the opportunity to learn novel, low-frequency words. Abundant empirical evidence demonstrates that children can learn the meanings of such words during shared reading, referred to as “semantic learning.” However, less is known about whether children learn the spellings of words during shared reading, referred to as “orthographic learning,” and whether this learning is related to early word reading. The present study tested relations between individual differences in 4- to 6-year-old children's semantic and, critically, orthographic learning during shared reading and their early word reading skill.

Method:

In an adaptation of the self-teaching paradigm, children listened to a storybook about novel inventions referred to with nonword names. Children then completed orthographic and semantic choice tests, as well as standardized measures of early word reading and phonological awareness.

Results:

Individual differences in orthographic, but not semantic, learning during shared reading were related to early word reading, after controls for age and phonological awareness.

Conclusions:

This study provides a novel test of learning during shared reading, helping to specify the relation between orthographic and semantic learning and early word reading skill. These findings hold implications for theoretical perspectives on relations between learning during shared reading and early word reading, as well as implications for educational practice.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25492765
Causal inference for out‐of‐distribution recognition via sample balancing
Authors: Wang Yuqing , Li Xiangxian , Liu Yannan , Cao Xiao , Meng Xiangxu , Meng Lei
Published: April 2024

Image classification algorithms are commonly based on the Independent and Identically Distribution (i.i.d.) assumption, but in practice, the Out‐Of‐Distribution (OOD) problem widely exists, that is, the contexts of images in the model predicting are usually unseen during training. In this case, existing models trained under the i.i.d. assumption are limiting generalisation. Causal inference is an important method to learn the causal associations which are invariant across different environments, thus improving the generalisation ability of the model. However, existing methods usually require partitioning of the environment to learn invariant features, which mostly have imbalance problems due to the lack of constraints. In this paper, we propose a balanced causal learning framework (BCL), starting from how to divide the dataset in a balanced way and the balance of training after the division, which automatically generates fine‐grained balanced data partitions in an unsupervised manner and balances the training difficulty of different classes, thereby enhancing the generalisation ability of models in different environments. Experiments on the OOD datasets NICO and NICO++ demonstrate that BCL achieves stable predictions on OOD data, and we also find that models using BCL focus more accurately on the foreground of images compared with the existing causal inference method, which effectively improves the generalisation ability.
Self‐paced learning long short‐term memory based on intelligent optimization for robust wind power prediction
Authors: Yang Shun , Deng Xiaofei , Song Dongran
Published: April 2024

Given the unpredictable and intermittent nature of wind energy, precise forecasting of wind power is crucial for ensuring the safe and stable operation of power systems. To reduce the influence of noise data on the robustness of wind power prediction, a wind power prediction method is proposed that leverages an enhanced multi‐objective sand cat swarm algorithm (MO‐SCSO) and a self‐paced long short‐term memory network (spLSTM). First, the actual wind power data is processed into time series as input and output. Then, the progressive advantage of self‐paced learning is used to effectively solve the instability caused by noisy data during long short‐term memory network (LSTM) training. Following this, the improved MO‐SCSO is employed to iteratively optimize the hyperparameters of spLSTM. Ultimately, a combined MO‐SCSO‐spLSTM model is constructed for wind power prediction. This model is validated with the data of onshore wind farms in Austria and offshore wind farms in Denmark. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional LSTM prediction method, the proposed method has better prediction accuracy and robustness. Specifically, in the onshore and offshore wind power prediction experiments, the proposed method reduces the minimum MAE by 5.44% and 4.96%, respectively, and reduces the MAE range by 4.45% and 17.21%, respectively, which could be conducive to the safe and stable operation of power system.