bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medication use evaluation of programmed death-1 inhibitors in a veteran population
Authors: Nguyen Vivianne , Huq Mostaqul
Published: May 2018

Objectives

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of programmed death-1 immune checkpoint inhibitors in a clinical practice setting.

Methods

Chart reviews were conducted on a total of 21 Veterans with advanced or metastatic cancers treated with programmed death-1 checkpoint inhibitors between 1 January 2015 and 31 July 2017. Among them, 16 patients were treated with nivolumab, including 12 with non-small cell lung cancer, 2 with melanoma, and 2 with bladder cancer. Pembrolizumab was used in 5 patients, including 4 with melanoma and 1 with head and neck cancer. The clinical outcomes were assessed based on overall disease control rates, objective response rates, median progression free survival, and median overall survival. The safety of programmed death-1 checkpoint inhibitors was evaluated based on the incidence and the severity of immune-related adverse events as defined by National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.0.

Results

For nivolumab, the overall disease control rate was 63%, including 67% in non-small cell lung cancer and 100% in melanoma patients. The objective response rate was 31%, with partial response 25% and complete response 6%. The overall disease control rate was 100% for pembrolizumab, with objective response rate 100%, partial response 40%, and complete response 60%. The median progression free survival was 4.5 months with nivolumab, with 4.5 months in non-small cell lung cancer and 6 months in melanoma. Nivolumab showed median overall survival of 14 months across all patients and 13 months for non-small cell lung cancer. The median progression free survival and overall survival for pembrolizumab have not yet been reached, but 6-month progression free survival and overall survival rates were 80% and 100%, respectively. With nivolumab, 6-month and 12-month overall survival rates were 81% and 69%, respectively. The rate of overall toxicities (grades 2–4) was 90% for programmed death-1 checkpoint inhibitors, including 88% with nivolumab and 100% with pembrolizumab. The overall incidences of grade ≥ 3 immune-related adverse events was 24% (n = 5), occurring 25% (n = 4) with nivolumab and 20% (n = 1) with pembrolizumab. The major toxicities were endocrine and gastrointestinal related, occurring 71% and 33%, respectively. Most adverse events were clinically manageable.

Conclusion

The clinical outcomes and the incidence of adverse events for programmed death-1 checkpoint inhibitors in our clinic patients are different from the data that have been published. This difference should be further investigated with a large real-world patient population.
Risk of subsidence and peri-prosthetic fractures using collared hydroxyapatite-coated stem for hip arthroplasty in the elderly
Authors: Syed Farhan , Hussein Amr , Katam Krishnaiah , Saunders Paul , Young Stephen K , Faisal Mohammad
Published: May 2018

Introduction:

Subsidence has been noted with both cemented and uncemented stems in hip arthroplasty. On most occasions, it’s minimal (i.e. less than 2 mm) and stabilises at 1 year. However, when its progressive and significant, it causes loss of length and horizontal offset, and when symptomatic warrants a revision.

Materials and methods:

A retrospective radiological review of the patient database was carried out to identify all patients with age ≥ 70 years who underwent elective hip arthroplasty using uncemented HA coated collared stem and had radiographs at 1 year follow up. A total of 176 patients were identified from January 2009 to June 2010. 2 independent investigators classified the proximal femur based on Dorr type and calculated the subsidence based on Engh and Massin method of calculating the distance between the tip of greater trochanter and shoulder of the prosthesis.

Results:

7 patients (4 Bs, 2 As, 1 C) had a subsidence of ≥ 2 mm (2–3.2 mm) at 1 year. None of them was symptomatic. 1 of them was secondary to a missed calcar crack and continued to subside for 9 mm before it stabilised on the lesser trochanter at 4 years follow up. There were Dorr 22 (12.5%) type A, 147(83.5%) type B and 7(4%) type C. The mean age was 77.4 years (70–91 years) and male: female ratio was 7:15. 3 patients had an intraoperative calcar crack requiring cabling. All were mobilised full weight-bearing postoperatively, and none had a subsidence of >2 mm at 1 year follow-up.

Discussion:

Our subgroup analysis identified that subsidence can happen when the collar is “non-functional” and the initial press fit of the stem wasn’t achieved. It can also occur in an event of calcar crack, which is missed intraoperatively. In cases of calcar crack which went on to have to cable during the primary procedure, it neither changed the post-operative rehabilitation nor did it show an increased risk of subsidence.

Conclusion:

A fully hydroxyapatite (HA) coated collared stem, when used in elderly age group for elective THR, has only 2% risk of intraoperative periprosthetic fracture. There’s a 4% risk of radiologically significant subsidence (i.e. ≥2 mm), however, it has not proven to be clinically significant in our study. Dorr canal type had no bearing on either risk of periprosthetic fracture or subsidence. Collared stems did not have a statistically significant difference in risk of subsidence and peri-prosthetic fracture in comparison to un-collared stem, although there was a non-significant trend in favour of collar use.
Biopolitical Metaphor
Authors: Binkley Sam
Published: May 2018

This article theorizes the biopolitical production of embodiment through a consideration of biopolitical metaphor. It is argued that much recent theoretical work on biopower fails to provide an adequate account of embodiment, and particularly the question of the habitualization of bodily experience. However, read through the lens of biopolitical metaphor, and drawing on the works of George Lakoff and Mark Johnson, a dynamic account of the biopolitical shaping of bodily memory and embodied habit becomes possible. Moreover, it is argued that a theory of biopolitical metaphor provides provocative openings for thinking together the recent discursively oriented work on biopower and other approaches associated with the affective turn, specifically around the problems of mimesis and supplement. New research directions are proposed, centered on common experiences of biopolitical domination among marginalized groups drawn from shared experiences of habit and embodiment.
Factor structure and validity of the Affective Style Questionnaire
Authors: Jiang Rui , Plunkett Scott W , Ainsworth Andrew T
Published: May 2018

Previous studies in different countries have shown variability in the factor structures of the Affective Style Questionnaire, possibly due to differences in cultures, translation, or statistical approaches. We ran exploratory factor analysis with oblique rotation using data from 2806 university students in Southern California. A four-factor structure was found instead of the three-factor structure found in the original Affective Style Questionnaire studies in the Northeastern United States. Support for concurrent and convergent validity was found for the Concealing and Adjusting factors. The Tolerating and Holding factors comprised two items each, making it difficult to recommend them in future studies.
Elite interviews in the developing world: finding anchors in weak institutional environments
Authors: Morse Yonatan L.
Published: May 2018

Recently researchers have built on field experiences from novel and challenging settings to develop new insights into elite interviewing strategies, and specifically the question of access. One such context that has been underexplored is the weaker institutional environment found in much of the developing world. Many of the common suggestions regarding access emphasize an elite’s relative insularity and unwillingness to participate in research due to issues of status and prestige. By contrast, in weaker institutional settings many elites are protected by fewer organizational safeguards, are more accustomed to in-person conversations, and are often quite willing to participate in research. The challenge is rather identifying elites to begin with, working around flexible scheduling norms, and adapting to a much more direct and persistent form of communication with elites. Drawing on insights derived mainly from fieldwork in Africa, this article identifies some best practices on how to prepare for elite interviews, organize logistically, and develop contacts once on-site.
Intersectional political consumerism: Re-examining consumer strategies of The Woodlawn Organization and Jobs or Income Now during the Chicago Welfare Rights Era
Authors: Brown Nicole Marie
Published: May 2018

The study utilizes 18 archival primary source collections related to the Welfare Rights Movement, using both open and focused coding to perform content analysis of 3300 documents. By extending Zygmunt Bauman’s theory of the “flawed consumer” to incorporate intersectionality, this article offers an intersectional analysis of political consumerism, which reveals two dimensions of political consumerism: (1) community-based and (2) commercial-based. Findings reveal that while Black, male-dominated capitalist-promoting welfare organizations such as The Woodlawn Organization employed commercial-based intersectional political consumerism, predominantly White, female-led socialist organizations such as Jobs or Income Now preferred community-based intersectional political consumerism. This re-conceptualization of intersectional political consumerism within the Welfare Rights Movement better considers the role of intersectionality in the strategy decision-making of the movement organizations and as such provides a more thorough explanation of the political consumerist strategies of those participating in the Welfare Rights Movement.
A psycho-social approach to consumer ethics
Authors: Chatzidakis Andreas , Shaw Deirdre , Allen Matthew
Published: May 2018

Research into consumer ethics has grown considerably over the last two decades. However, most studies adopt either a psychological or a socio-cultural approach and there has been little in the way of bridging the two together. Accordingly, we draw on Kleinian psychoanalysis as a means of advancing an explicitly psycho-social understanding of consumer ethics. Following an emerging tradition that conceptualizes moral dilemmas as questions of care, rather than abstract principles of moral and environmental justice, we conceptualize consumer care as a capacity that for its extension across difference and distance is subject to a variety of biographical, inter-subjective and institutional-level processes. Subsequently, we attempt to redress forms of theoretical reductionism noted in both psychological and socio-cultural accounts of everyday morality in consumption. We corroborate a more nuanced, mid-ground conceptualization that neither precludes nor overstates the possibility of consumer agency while also locating agency in inanimate objects. Finally, we offer a methodological contribution by introducing a psychoanalytic (Kleinian) approach to analyzing textual and visual data.
“Breaking the Silence” to Improve Cancer Survivorship Care for First Nations Peoples
Authors: Gifford Wendy , Thomas Roanne , Barton Gwen , Grandpierre Viviane , Graham Ian D.
Published: May 2018

There is a significant knowledge-to-action gap in cancer survivorship care for First Nations (FN) communities. To date, many approaches to survivorship have not been culturally responsive or community-based. This study is using an Indigenous knowledge translation (KT) approach to mobilize community-based knowledge about cancer survivorship into health-care programs. Our team includes health-care providers and cancer survivors from an FN community in Canada and an urban hospital that delivers Cancer Care Ontario’s Aboriginal Cancer Program. Together, we will study the knowledge-to-action process to inform future KT research with Indigenous peoples for improving health-care delivery and outcomes. The study will be conducted in settings where research relations and partnerships have been established through our parent study, The National Picture Project. The inclusion of community liaisons and the continued engagement of participants from our parent study will foster inclusiveness and far-reaching messaging. Knowledge about unique cancer survivorship needs co-created with FN people in the parent study will be mobilized to improve cancer follow-up care and to enhance quality of life. Findings will be used to plan a large-scale implementation study across Canada.
Creative mechanism design of magnetic gears integrated with continuously variable transmissions
Authors: Wu Yi-Chang , Tsai Mi-Ching , Chan Chin-Tsung
Published: May 2018

Magnetic gear mechanisms, commonly used in specific industrial applications, possess the advantages of providing high transmission efficiency, being non-contact and maintenance free, and having overload protection. The purpose of this study is to apply a creative mechanism design methodology to come up with novel devices that combine V-belt continuously variable transmissions with coaxial magnetic gear mechanisms. The topological characteristics of the magnetic gear with an integrated continuously variable transmission are analyzed herein. The design requirements and constraints are concluded and applied to generate all feasible specialized chains. In total, 17 new design concepts featuring magnetic gear mechanisms with integrated continuously variable transmissions are obtained. The magnetostatic field of the magnetic gear mechanism is also analyzed to check the magnetic saturation and calculate the maximum transmitted torque by finite element analysis.
Working cycle identification–based braking control strategy and its application for hydraulic hybrid loader
Authors: Lin Muyi , Yu Zhongjie , Zhao Li , Chen Yong
Published: May 2018

Due to the introduction of multiple subsystems, it is very difficult for a hydraulic hybrid loader to improve its fuel economy with traditional braking control strategy and classic optimization algorithm. To deal with this problem, a combined braking control strategy based on fuzzy control system was proposed. In this strategy, the current working step and working cycle were first recognized with sensor signals. And the optimal control rules for different working cycles were optimized by genetic algorithm off line. After doing that, the obtained control rules were used to control the braking process and the energy distribution process of loaders. Simulation and experimental results show that the control strategy can make full use of the braking energy and can improve the recovery rate of it under the guarantee of safety and stability.
Performance analysis of an innovative kind of two-stage piston type expansion air engine
Authors: Yu Qihui , Hao Xueqing , Tan Xin
Published: May 2018

In small-scale compressed air energy storage system, expansion air engine is the key component. To improve the expansion air energy performance, an innovative kind of two-stage piston type expansion air engine is put forward. In this article, working principles of the new kind of expansion air engine are described. A mathematical model of the working processes is set up by analysis of the air engine. The characteristics of the expansion air engine are obtained by using the simulation technology. Results show that, first of all, with the same supply pressure, the efficiency of the new kind of expansion air engine is higher than that of the single stage expansion air engine by approximately 15%, which is about 1.31–1.56 times of that of the single stage air engine. Simultaneously, the output power of the new kind of air engine is higher than that of the single stage expansion air engine. Second, the efficiency and output power are mainly impacted by the closing angle of valve 1. Third, the bigger the cylinder diameter ratio is, the higher the efficiency is. Finally, the efficiency and output power can reach to the highest value in suitable orifice port shape.
Robot Operating System 2
Authors: DiLuoffo Vincenzo , Michalson William R , Sunar Berk
Published: May 2018

It is no secret that robotic systems are expanding into many human roles or are augmenting human roles. The Robot Operating System is an open-source standard for the robotic industry that enables locomotion, manipulation, navigation, and recognition tasks by integrating sensors, motors, and controllers into reusable modules over a distributed messaging architecture. As reliance on robotic systems increases, these systems become high value targets, for example, in autonomous vehicles where human life is at risk. As Robot Operating System has become a de facto standard for many robotic systems, the security of Robot Operating System becomes an important consideration for deployed systems. The original Robot Operating System implementations were not designed to mitigate the security risks associated with hostile actors. Robot Operating System 2, the next generation of the Robot Operating System, addresses this shortcoming, leveraging Data Distributed Services for its messaging architecture and Data Distributed Services security extension for its data protection in motion. This article provides a systematic review of Robot Operating System 2 and identifies potential risks for this new robotic system paradigm. A Robot Operating System 2 robotic system is viewed as a series of layers from the hardware that include sensors, motors, and controllers to the software layers, which include the operating system, security services, protocols, messaging, and the cognitive layer for observation, learning, and action. Since Robot Operating System 2 and security are new considerations for robotics systems as they move into mainstream, many questions emerge. For example, can some portions be secure and other portions be non-secure? Does everything need to be secure? What are the trade-offs between, security, performance, latency and throughput? What about real-time robotic systems? This article provides an overview of the Robot Operating System 2 paradigm and represents a first step toward answering these questions.
The presence of a Surgical Care Practitioner in the perioperative team is of benefit both to the patient and the consultant-led extended surgical team
Authors: Campaner Gabriel Rene M.
Published: May 2018

Non-medically qualified professionals have progressively advanced and developed in line with the country’s constantly evolving health care system. Recently, increasing hospital activity, underfunding in health care and a falling number of doctors have left the NHS perpetually underdoctored, underfunded and overstretched. As the current health care climate demands these ‘non-doctors’ to demonstrate competent knowledge and skill in providing safe and effective care, this paper discusses limitations, the scope of practice as well as the benefits the Surgical Care Practitioner provides to the modern extended surgical team, and most importantly – the patients under their care.
Perioperative hair removal: A review of best practice and a practice improvement opportunity
Authors: Spencer Maureen , Barnden Marsha , Johnson Helen Boehm , Fauerbach Loretta Litz , Graham Denise , Edmiston Charles E.
Published: May 2018

The current practice of perioperative hair removal reflects research-driven changes designed to minimize the risk of surgical wound infection. An aspect of the practice which has received less scrutiny is the clean-up of the clipped hair. This process is critical. The loose fibers represent a potential infection risk because of the micro-organisms they can carry, but their clean-up can pose a logistical problem because of the time required to remove them. Research has demonstrated that the most commonly employed means of clean-up, the use of adhesive tape or sticky mitts, can be both ineffective and time-consuming in addition to posing an infection risk from cross-contamination. Recently published research evaluating surgical clippers fitted with a vacuum-assisted hair collection device highlights the potential for significant practice improvement in the perioperative hair removal clean-up process. These improvements include not only further mitigation of potential infection risk but also substantial OR time and cost savings.
The impact of standardised perioperative handover protocols
Authors: McFarlane Ashley
Published: May 2018

The handover of the care of patients is acknowledged as a vulnerable period in the perioperative patient journey, and handovers given within the perioperative environment present the risk of potentially harmful errors occurring. These errors can result from poor communication and inaccurate information transfer, and may be avoided through the implementation of standardised protocols. This article presents an in depth literature review and discussion allowing for the examination of best practice in the delivery of a handover within the perioperative environment, drawing clear conclusions and presenting recommendations for best practice.
Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis following vaginal progesterone exposure in pregnancy
Authors: Kanninen Tomi T , Moretti Michael L , Lakhi Nisha A
Published: May 2018

In the non-pregnant state, exogenous as well as endogenous fluctuations of progesterone have been demonstrated to cause a rare delayed hypersensitivity reaction known as autoimmune progesterone dermatitis. We describe the case of a 20-year-old woman in her second pregnancy who presented to our delivery unit at 31 weeks and 3 days gestation for a cutaneous breakout with pruritic pustules, blisters, and crusts across her chest back and extremities 23 days after the initiation of vaginal progesterone. After suspension of the vaginal progesterone, the patient’s cutaneous lesions resolved. Differential diagnosis and management strategies are discussed. With the increased use of progesterone during pregnancy, complications arising from their use will rise. Clinicians should be aware of their potential adverse effects and consider autoimmune progesterone dermatitis in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with pruritic lesion in pregnancy.
Rheumatologists’ knowledge of contraception, teratogens, and pregnancy risks
Authors: Clowse Megan EB , Eudy Amanda M , Revels Jessica , Sanders Gillian D , Criscione-Schreiber Lisa
Published: May 2018

Introduction

Rheumatologists are essential partners in planning and managing pregnancies in women with lupus. Whether they know the essentials of contraceptive and medical treatment in pregnancy, however, is unknown.

Method

Anonymous in-lecture surveys were completed by 270 rheumatologists to assess knowledge of contraceptive effectiveness, emergency contraception, medication teratogenicity, and lupus pregnancy risk assessment.

Results

Rheumatologists knew the high effectiveness of the intrauterine device, but over-estimated the effectiveness of injectable medroxyprogesterone and condoms. Almost all identified methotrexate as a teratogen, but only 69% identified cyclophosphamide and 37% mycophenolate. Most rheumatologists knew that lupus activity in pregnancy is the main predictor of pregnancy outcomes, but underestimated the risks of hypertension and race.

Conclusion

To improve lupus pregnancy planning and management, rheumatologists would benefit from improved knowledge about contraceptive effectiveness, teratogens, and the risks from non-lupus factors for pregnancy complications.
Massive haemorrhagic blister formation following total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Sharma Aadhar , Subramanian Padmanabhan , Shah Sunil , Remani Mohan , Shahid Muhammad
Published: May 2018

Skin blistering following trauma is not uncommon; however, large haemorrhagic bullous blisters following total knee arthroplasty is relatively rare and not widely documented in the literature.
Renal cell carcinoma in a cat with polycystic kidney disease undergoing renal transplantation
Authors: Adams Daniel J , Demchur Jolie A , Aronson Lillian R
Published: May 2018

Case summary

A 10-year-old spayed female American Shorthair cat underwent renal transplantation due to worsening chronic kidney disease secondary to polycystic kidney disease. During transplantation, the right kidney grossly appeared to be more diseased than the left and was firmly adhered to the surrounding tissues. An intraoperative fine-needle aspirate of the right native kidney revealed inflammatory cells but no evidence of neoplasia. To create space for the allograft, a right nephrectomy was performed. Following nephrectomy, the right native kidney was submitted for biopsy. Biopsy results revealed a renal cell carcinoma. Although the cat initially recovered well from surgery, delayed graft function was a concern in the early postoperative period. Significant azotemia persisted and the cat began to have diarrhea. Erythematous skin lesions developed in the perineal and inguinal regions, which were suspected to be secondary to thromboembolic disease based on histopathology. The cat’s clinical status continued to decline with development of signs of sepsis, followed by marked obtundation with uncontrollable seizures. Given the postoperative diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma and the cat’s progressively declining clinical status, humane euthanasia was elected.

Relevance and novel information

This case is the first to document renal cell carcinoma in a cat with polycystic kidney disease. An association of the two diseases has been reported in the human literature, but such a link has yet to be described in veterinary medicine. Given the association reported in the human literature, a plausible relationship between polycystic kidney disease and renal cell carcinoma in cats merits further investigation.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs of Youth Club Athletes Toward Sport Specialization and Sport Participation
Authors: Brooks M. Alison , Post Eric G. , Trigsted Stephanie M. , Schaefer Daniel A. , Wichman Daniel M. , Watson Andrew M. , McGuine Timothy A. , Bell David R.
Published: May 2018

Background:

There are a variety of proposed motivations for sport specialization, such as improving sport skills to an elite level, making all-star or travel teams, or receiving a scholarship or professional contract. However, there has not been a quantitative examination of the attitudes and beliefs that may be contributing to the trend of sport specialization and year-round sport participation.

Purpose:

The primary aim was to describe the attitudes and beliefs of youth club sport athletes regarding sport specialization and sport participation. A secondary objective was to investigate whether an association exists between the level of sport specialization and the belief in receiving a college scholarship.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 974 youth athletes (578 female; mean age, 14.2 ± 1.6 years) completed an anonymous questionnaire that focused on attitudes and beliefs toward sport specialization and sport participation. Questions were developed utilizing the feedback of a panel of content area experts and the University of Wisconsin Survey Center. Data were summarized using frequencies, proportions (%), and means ± SDs.

Results:

Fewer than half of all athletes (45.8%) believed that specialization increased their chances of getting injured either “quite a bit” or “a great deal.” However, 91% of athletes believed that specialization increased their chances of getting better at their sport either “quite a bit” or “a great deal.” Similarly, the majority of athletes believed that specialization increased their chances of making their high school team (80.9%) or a college team (66.9%) either “quite a bit” or “a great deal.” Overall, 15.7% of athletes believed that they were either “very” or “extremely” likely to receive a college scholarship based on athletic performance. Highly specialized athletes were nearly twice as likely to have a high belief in receiving a college scholarship compared with low-specialization athletes (20.2% vs 10.2%, respectively; χ2 = 18.8; P = .001).

Conclusion:

Most youth athletes in this study believe that specialization increases their sport performance and ability to make not only a college team but also their high school team. Highly specialized athletes were more likely to believe that they will receive a college scholarship.
Chimeric antigen receptor–modified T cells: CD19 and the road beyond
Authors: Salter Alexander I. , Pont Margot J. , Riddell Stanley R.
Published: May 2018

The ability to harness a patient’s immune system to target malignant cells is now transforming the treatment of many cancers, including hematologic malignancies. The adoptive transfer of T cells selected for tumor reactivity or engineered with natural or synthetic receptors has emerged as an effective modality, even for patients with tumors that are refractory to conventional therapies. The most notable example of adoptive cell therapy is with T cells engineered to express synthetic chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that reprogram their specificity to target CD19. CAR T cells have shown remarkable antitumor activity in patients with refractory B-cell malignancies. Ongoing research is focused on understanding the mechanisms of incomplete tumor elimination, reducing toxicities, preventing antigen escape, and identifying suitable targets and strategies based on established and emerging principles of synthetic biology for extending this approach to other hematologic malignancies. This review will discuss the current status, challenges, and potential future applications of CAR T-cell therapy in hematologic malignancies.
Avaliação de políticas públicas: o caso da política de pagamento por bônus na educação na cidade de Nova York e o cenário brasileiro
Authors: Bresolin Antonio Bara , Costa Caio César de Medeiros , Capobiango Ronan Pereira
Published: May 2018

Este artigo trata da avaliação de políticas educacionais, especificamente da política de pagamento de bônus na educação pública. Além da análise da política implementada em Nova York, foi estabelecido um panorama da situação brasileira na avaliação de políticas dessa natureza tendo o caso dessa cidade como um balizador. Para tal, utilizou-se o subsídio da literatura a respeito da avaliação de políticas públicas e realizou-se uma análise documental dos relatórios e dos artigos científicos produzidos com base na experiência de Nova York e dos estudos acerca das experiências brasileiras. Assim, verificou-se que o caso segue os procedimentos descritos na literatura e, dessa forma, cumpre os objetivos ao qual se destina. Em relação ao Brasil, nota-se a necessidade de que as avaliações sejam consideradas pelos gestores públicos, o que permitirá que os resultados contribuam para o processo de planejamento e aprimoramento da política.
A prestação de contas das entidades privadas sem fins lucrativos em parcerias com a União (2008 a 2014)
Authors: Goldbaum Sergio , Pedrozo Jr Euclides
Published: May 2018

A Lei 13.019/2014 reformou o marco regulatório dos convênios e parcerias firmados entre a União e as Entidades Privadas sem Fins Lucrativos (EPSFLs). Este artigo apresenta os conceitos teóricos das EPSFLs e analisa as estatísticas de prestação de contas dos convênios e parcerias dessas entidades com a União, disponíveis no Sistema de Gestão de Convênios e Contratos de Repasse da União (SICONV), de 2008 a 2014. Com base no modelo econométrico, o artigo mostra que a probabilidade de ocorrência de inadimplência é maior para as EPSFLs do que para estados, municípios e empresas públicas, o que reforça a hipótese teórica de falhas voluntárias nas EPSFLs, conforme mostra a Teoria das Três Falhas (Steinberg, 2006).
Jovens e mercado de trabalho
Authors: Matheus Tiago Corbisier
Published: May 2018

No atual cenário econômico, a abundante oferta de empregos no Brasil não diminui a angústia dos jovens que ingressão no mercado de trabalho. Os novos trabalhadores têm dificuldade de assimilar que o herói midiático não é facilmente atingido, e que é necessário aprender a aceitar suas próprias imperfeições
Comparative analysis of changes in the lungs of experimental animals’ induced conventional and lung protective ventilation
Authors: VIDENOVIC N. , MLADENOVIC J. , VIDENOVIC V. , ZDRAVKOVIC R.
Published: May 2018

Mechanical ventilation has long been the leader in the treatment of critically ill and injured patients in an intensive care unit. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the application of positive end-expiratory pressure on histopathological findings and on the parameters of ventilation, oxygenation and acid-base status. The experimental study included 42 animals (piglets), which were divided into of tree groups, each containing 14. The animals of the control group (conventional ventilation) were ventilated with the tidal volume of 10-15 mL/kg. Tidal volume of 6 mL/kg was applied in the low tidal ventilation group, whereas the ventilation strategy in the lung protective ventilation group meant the application of a tidal volume of 6 mL/kg and the 7 mbar of positive end-expiratory pressure. Mechanical ventilation in each animal lasted for 4 hours. After conducting mechanical ventilation, samples were taken from the lung tissue, which were sent for histopathological examination. The parameters of ventilation, oxygenation and acid-base status were measured after each hour’s duration of mechanical ventilation. Application of positive end-expiratory pressure 5-10 mbar during mechanical ventilation is a safe and useful method which is not followed by the occurrence of significant abnormalities in the structure of the ventilated lung. However, a low tidal volume without positive end-expiratory pressure causes significant changes in the histological structure of healthy lungs. Positive end-expiratory pressure keeps the alveoli open throughout the respiratory cycle which allows the lungs to maintain homeostasis in terms of adequate ventilation, oxygenation and acid-base status.
Molecular Diversity Analysis of Jattal and Dera Din Panah Goat Breeds of Pakistan using Microsatellite Markers
Authors: HUSSAIN T. , SHAHEEN M. , BABAR M. E. , MUSTHAFA M. M. , NADEEM A. , NAWAZ A. , JAVED M. M. , MARIKAR F.
Published: May 2018

This paper evaluates the genetic diversity of goat breeds in Pakistan, a country blessed with a wide range of goats spread throughout with distinct features contributing to a rich Animal Genetic Resource. The genetic diversity of two goat breeds (Jattal and Dera Din Panah) was assessed with 25 animals representing the two breeds using 16 microsatellite markers. The mean observed and expected heterozygosity of both goat breed populations were observed as 0.83+0.21. The average number of observed alleles was 3.6+1.6 for all loci. The mean polymorphic information content for a goat breed was 0.45, indicating the usefulness of markers panel. Highest Nei’s standard genetic distance (Ds) value of 0.0612 was observed between Jattal and Dera Din Panah goats, and the mean Fst value was 0.013. The measures of genetic variation revealed a good scope for effective improvement, conservation, and designing national breeding policies, in future, for Pakistan goat breeds.
Analysis of the PRNP gene polymorphisms in healthy Greek sheep during 2012 – 2016
Authors: BOUKOUVALA E. , KATHAROPOULOS E. , CHRISTOFORIDOU S. , BABETSA M. , EKATERINIADOU L. V.
Published: May 2018

Scrapie is a slowly progressive infectious disease of sheep and goats that causes degeneration of the central nervous system. Scrapie is one of several transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), like the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). In sheep, polymorphisms at codons 136, 154 and 171 of the host gene PRPN that encodes the PrP protein, are known to be closely linked to susceptibility or resistance to natural and experimental classical scrapie. In many countries, but not in Greece, breeding programs have been implemented to increase genetic resistance. This study was supported mainly by the private initiatives of farmers willing to improve their flocks by increasing the resistance to scrapie. Thus, the PrP genotypes (of the three mentioned codons) from 5815 blood samples of clinically healthy rams from 160 healthy flocks during the period 2012 – 2016 were determined. Additionally, 1399 blood samples were genotyped only for the 171 codon. Samples were analyzed by Real Time PCR (TaqMan probes) with specific labeled probes. Our results showed an increased percentage of the two genotypes, ARR/ARR and ARR/ARQ linked with resistance to the disease (27.29% and 34.6%, respectively) and relatively reduced percentage of the genotype ARQ/ARQ (24.23%) which is associated with susceptibility to disease and is the most common genotype in the Greek flocks. This joined effort has resulted in the establishment of an important number of farms with an increased population of genetically resistant rams to classical scrapie.
Long non-coding RNA LINC00987 may function as a tumor suppressor in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Salavaty Abbas , Rezvani Zahra , Najafi Ali
Published: May 2018

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of transcripts over 200 nucleotides in length that do not code for proteins. The association of the dysregulation of numerous lncRNAs with several malignancies, including lung cancer, has been frequently reported. This study aims to inspect the association of genomic and transcriptomic alterations to the lncRNA LINC00987 with lung adenocarcinoma, a subtype of lung cancer, using a bioinformatic approach. To this end, we used three publically available online databases, cBioPortal, the International Cancer Genome Consortium Data Portal and the GEPIA web server. In short, our results demonstrated that LINC00987 expression might have a tumor suppressive role in lung adenocarcinoma and levels of expression could be of prognostic value for this cancer type.
Welfare Analysis of Dynamic Pricing
Authors: Chen Ningyuan , Gallego Guillermo
Published: May 2018

Dynamic pricing is designed to increase the revenues or profits of firms by adjusting prices in response to changes in the marginal value of capacity. We examine the impact of dynamic pricing on social welfare and consumers’ surplus. We present a dynamic pricing formulation designed to maximize welfare and show that the welfare-maximizing dynamic pricing policy has the same structural properties as the revenue-maximizing policy. For systems with scarce capacity, we show that the revenue-maximizing dynamic pricing policy and the market-clearing price are both asymptotically optimal for welfare. We also find in most cases that revenue-maximizing dynamic pricing improves consumers’ surplus compared to the revenue-maximizing static price. Our findings can potentially transform the public image of dynamic pricing and provide new managerial insights as well as policy implications: (1) in large-scale systems with scarce capacity, a central planner would essentially implement the same pricing policy as a firm with monopoly power; (2) the revenue-maximizing dynamic pricing policy can benefit customers when the demand elasticity is in a small bounded interval as is the case for several important demand functions.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2943 .

This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
AVALIAÇÃO DO PERFIL NUTRICIONAL E QUALIDADE DE VIDA APÓS REALIZAÇÃO DE CIRURGIA BARIÁTRICA EM UM HOSPITAL PÚBLICO DE GOIÂNIA, BRASIL
Authors: Maia Ruanda Pereira , Silva Pauliene Christielly Cardoso da , Duarte Amélia Cristina Stival , Costa Raphaela Moiana da
Published: May 2018

Objetivo: avaliar o perfil nutricional e qualidade de vida de indivíduos submetidos a cirurgia bariátrica em um hospital público de Goiânia. Metodologia: Estudo transversal, realizado entre agosto a novembro de 2016, com 56 pacientes do ambulatório de obesidade com 6, 12 e 18 meses de pós-operatório de bypass gástrico em Y de Roux. Analisaram-se perfil antropométrico, presença de comorbidades, hábitos de vida e qualidade de vida por meio do instrumento BAROS. Resultados: 84% do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 46 anos (DP= 9,61) e nível de escolaridade predominante ensino fundamental incompleto (44%). No período pré-operatório, a média de IMC foi 50,1 kg/m² ±8,37 e a de perda de peso, 8,7%. Após a cirurgia bariátrica, a média do IMC foi 35,7 kg/m² ±7,09. A perda de excesso de peso foi superior a 50% em 78% da amostra, e houve altos índices de resolução de distúrbios do sono (94%), dislipidemias (91%) e diabetes (86%) (p<001). O consumo de bebida alcóolica foi encontrado em 3,7% dos indivíduos e 74% referiram praticar atividade física. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada como melhorada (27%) e muito melhorada (73%). Entre os três períodos pós-operatórios e entre os indivíduos que tiveram perda ponderal inferior e superior a 50%, não se constataram diferenças significativas, embora todos tenham relatado melhora nos domínios avaliados. Conclusões: a cirurgia bariátrica tem demonstrado eficácia no auxílio na perda de peso, melhora das comorbidades e da qualidade de vida de indivíduos obesos.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2018.27515
O “MARCO DE REFERÊNCIA DE EDUCAÇÃO ALIMENTAR E NUTRICIONAL PARA POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS” NO BRASIL NO CONTEXTO DO ATENDIMENTO NUTRICIONAL
Authors: Aquino Rita De Cássia de , Macedo Irene Coutinho de
Published: May 2018

O atendimento nutricional contribui para que o indivíduo seja agente de suas escolhas alimentares e consciente dos benefícios de uma alimentação saudável e deve ser pautado em documentos norteadores, tais como o Marco de Referência de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional para Políticas Públicas. Este artigo se propõe a refletir sobre o atendimento nutricional, discutindo conceitos relevantes como a educação alimentar e nutricional, os determinantes do padrão dietético, o aconselhamento e a forma como o Marco de Referência pode colaborar com esse processo. Os principais pontos de interface entre o Marco e o atendimento nutricional são a necessidade de compreender as interações e significados que determinam o comportamento alimentar, não devendo o atendimento enfatizar apenas os aspectos biológicos da nutrição. Destaca-se a postura adequada do profissional, como educador, que favorece a abertura do diálogo e contribui para o empoderamento, promoção do autocuidado e geração de autonomia no que tange ao comportamento alimentar. Considerando a complexidade das escolhas alimentares, instrumentos que colaborem com o aconselhamento e a educação alimentar e nutricional podem contribuir de forma significativa ao acesso democrático a uma alimentação saudável.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2018.28663
PROPRIEDADES FUNCIONAIS DA CASCA DO MARACUJÁ AMARELO (PASSIFLORA EDULIS) NA SÍNDROME METABÓLICA
Authors: Claro Maísa De Lima , Péres-Rodrigues Gilmara , Teixeira Sabrina Almondes
Published: May 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar a literatura sobre o efeito da farinha da casca do maracujá amarelo (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) nos distúrbios metabólicos que compõem a síndrome metabólica. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática, realizada por meio do levantamento bibliográfico de estudos publicados entre 2005 e 2017, indexados nas bases de dados IBECS, PubMed, CisSaúde, Cochrame, MedCarib, Lilacs, Medline e SciELO, bem como no Google Scholar, bancos de teses e dissertações. Os estudos selecionados avaliaram o efeito do uso da casca do maracujá amarelo (P. edulis) sobre os parâmetros da síndrome metabólica. Os estudos experimentais demonstraram discordâncias quanto ao efeito hipoglicemiante e resultados positivos quanto ao efeito hipotensor. Em pesquisas realizadas com humanos saudáveis, a suplementação com 30 gramas da farinha da casca de P. edulis demonstrou eficiência na redução glicêmica e lipidêmica para LDL e colesterol total, sem toxicidade. Em estudos com portadores de síndrome metabólica e diabetes mellitus tipo 2, os efeitos hipolipemiantes e hipoglicemiantes também foram demonstrados. Entretanto, ainda há escassez de publicações sobre o uso da casca de P. edulis para tratamento de distúrbios metabólicos, sendo necessária padronização metodológica que viabilize sua recomendação na prática clínica.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2018.28957
FREQUÊNCIA DE APARECIMENTO DE CRITÉRIOS SUGESTIVOS PARA TRANSTORNO DA COMPULSÃO ALIMENTAR PERIÓDICA EM PACIENTES ATENDIDOS NO AMBULATÓRIO DE NUTRIÇÃO DA FACULDADE DE NUTRIÇÃO EMÍLIA DE JESUS FERREIRO DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL FLUMINENSE
Authors: Silva Charlene De Abreu , Grassano Kelly Beraldo Cardoso , Barroso Sérgio Girão , Rocha Gabrielle De Souza
Published: May 2018

Estudo transversal objetivou identificar a frequência de aparecimento de critérios sugestivos para transtorno da compulsão alimentar periódica (TCAP), analisar a observância à dieta e determinar o estado nutricional dos pacientes atendidos no Ambulatório de Nutrição da Faculdade de Nutrição Emília de Jesus Ferreiro da Universidade Federal Fluminense. Participaram do estudo 30 indivíduos, ambos os sexos, com idades entre 18 e 60 anos, com índice de massa corporal entre 20,33 kg/m² e 49,21 kg/m². Para análise da presença de critérios sugestivos de TCAP, foi utilizada a Escala de Compulsão Alimentar Periódica (Binge Eating Scale). Para análise de observância à dieta, foi observada a perda de peso durante as consultas e adesão ao tratamento através da verificação dos prontuários. A avaliação antropométrica incluiu peso corporal, estatura, índice de massa corporal, circunferência abdominal, circunferência de pescoço e índice de conicidade. A amostra foi composta por 20 mulheres e 10 homens, e de acordo com o questionário, 63% (n=19) pacientes não apresentaram critérios sugestivos para TCAP, enquanto 37% (n=11) apresentaram. Com relação ao aparecimento de critérios sugestivos para TCAP, o mesmo estava associado com a observância à dieta (p<0,05) e ao índice de massa corporal (p<0,05), porém não foram encontradas associações estatisticamente significativas com relação a circunferência abdominal, circunferência de pescoço e índice de conicidade. A presença de critérios sugestivos para TCAP está associada à não observância à dieta e a elevados valores de índice de massa corporal.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2018.29331
VITAMINA D E SELÊNIO NA TIREOIDITE DE HASHIMOTO: ESPECTADORES OU JOGADORES?
Authors: Vilela Luana Rezende Rocha , Fernandes Daniela Canuto
Published: May 2018

Objetivo: investigar as evidências científicas da relação da vitamina D e do selênio sobre os níveis séricos de hormônios tireoidianos, anticorpo TPOAb e da atividade enzimática, bem como o efeito da suplementação. Metodologia: a pesquisa foi realizada utilizando-se as bases de dados PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science, e os limites, tipo de estudo (artigos originais e metanálises), idioma (inglês, espanhol e português) e o tempo de publicação (últimos dez anos). Resultados: indivíduos com tireoidite de Hashimoto possuem maior prevalência de deficiência de vitamina D (n= 11), a qual pode contribuir para a proliferação de anticorpos, porém sem relação com os hormônios tiroxina e triiodotironina. Quanto ao selênio, a suplementação contribuiu para redução de anticorpos (n= 5) e melhora do perfil hormonal (n= 6). Conclusão: indivíduos com tireoidite de Hashimoto cursam com baixos níveis séricos de vitamina D, e a suplementação tanto de calcitriol quanto de selênio parece ser eficaz para a redução de anticorpos e melhora do perfil hormonal, porém ainda não há evidências científicas convincentes que sustentem essa conduta.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2018.30496