bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incorporating Physical Observations into Analytical Models for Enhanced Well Performance Prediction in the Midland Basin
Authors: Block Adam , Cross Cameron , Bernet Carl , Kang Charles , Sufit Jessica , McClure Mark , Yotter Tim
Published: January 2025

This paper focuses on integrating physical observations and techniques into analytical models to improve well performance predictions in the Midland Basin. By incorporating physical and geological insights through feature engineering and hybrid modeling approaches, we aimed to enhance the accuracy and generalizability of various machine learning models. The study explored three key areas: the development of a physics-informed multivariate regression (MVR) model, the integration of a hybrid, fully-coupled reservoir and fracture simulator with machine learning, and the incorporation of dynamic production and pressure variables into a time-series multivariate regression (DMVR) model. The results demonstrate that combining physical principles with data-driven models can lead to improved understanding for well spacing, completion strategies, and reservoir management decisions.
Optimizing Fiber-Casing Coupling Efficiency for Horizontal Wellbores: A Lab-Scale Investigation Towards Improving Strain Measurements Using Disposable Fiber
Authors: LeBlanc Michel , Song Xueling , Cox Casey , Byrd Dane
Published: January 2025

The use of fiber optic techniques such as low-frequency distributed acoustic sensing (LF-DAS) and frequency-shift Rayleigh (FSR) in a well drilled parallel to a well undergoing hydraulic fracturing treatment continues to provide very useful information for the analysis and understanding of the operation (Sing et al., 2023, Srinivasan et al., 2023). This includes the number of effective clusters, the pumped volume needed for specific fracture lengths, confirmation of direct fracture hit or avoidance of the observation well, stress shadow effects and inter-stage communication effects. The observations also permit the calculation of certain metrics, such as stage uniformity and volume of first response (Ugueto et al., 2023). The same optical fiber can be used with DAS for microseismic monitoring, and, by processing events detected from more than one well, or from both the lateral and vertical sections of one well, the source location for the microseismic event can be detected. The data interpretation involved in these applications assume that what is being measured is strain changes in the axial direction of the optical fiber and that this motion tracks what is happening in the rock formation surrounding the well. It is known that temperature and pressure changes also contribute to the signal, but those tend to be on spatial and temporal scales that are different from crosswell strain signals, and, in the case of dynamic pressure changes caused by microseismic waves, are in phase with the signal of interest and therefore do not cause problems.
Fall Migration of the Northern Shoveler at Hypersaline Mono Lake, California
Authors: House Deborah J.
Published: January 2025

From 2002 to 2022, waterfowl were surveyed at Mono Lake to evaluate the their response to lake-level changes under the State Water Resources Control Board’s landmark Decision 1631, in which the public trust doctrine was first applied to water rights. From September through mid-November, the total numbers of Mono Lake’s most numerous dabbling duck, the Northern Shoveler (Spatula clypeata), averaged 13,018 ± 1571 (standard error), ranging from a high of 27,400 in 2008 to a low of 2719 in 2018. Annual peak counts averaged 5562 ± 709, ranging from a low of 768 in 2018 to the highest single-day count of 13,793 in 2012. Annual totals were higher under conditions of monomixis than under the stratified condition of meromixis. In a generalized linear model, the combined effects of survey period, biomass of Mono Lake brine shrimp (Artemia monica), and regional drought explained 67.8% of the variation in Northern Shoveler numbers at Mono Lake, i.e., higher Artemia biomass and more severe drought in northeast California resulted in higher shoveler counts. Lake level, a key component of waterfowl-habitat restoration, showed no effect within the range of lake levels observed. These results suggest that food resources and regional drought have been the most important factors influencing Northern Shoveler use of Mono Lake, so far overriding any small-scale influences of habitat variation due to lake-level changes.
A younger trend in acute myocardial infarction in China and a novel classification of clinical risk factors: “A single center retrospective study”
Authors: Hu Chunsong
Published: January 2025

There has been a significant increase in the number of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in China. However, little is known about the age trend and comprehensive clinical risk factors (CRF). Here, data on the ages of AMI patients in China from 1990 to 2019 were collected and divided groups: 1990s, 1995s, 2000s, 2005s, 2010s, 2015s and 2020s. The mean minimum age for each group was approximately 55.0 (1990s), 46.4 (1995s), 48.2 (2000s), 55.0 (2005s), 47.1 (2010s), 43.9 (2015s), and 52.8 (2020s) years. The median minimum ages for each group were about 55.0, 58.0, 61.0, 62.0, 59.0, 61.0, and 59.0 years, respectively. Both the mean and median curves showed a trend towards younger for AMI. Additionally, a novel classification for CRF in AMI was developed. In conclusion, there is a younger trend in AMI due to unhealthy E(e)SEEDi lifestyle. The novel CRF classification is helpful in better prevention of AMI globally.
Behavioral Improvement Through In Vivo Base Editing in a Mouse Model of Snijders Blok-Campeau Syndrome
Authors: Yang Kan
Published: January 2025

Snijders Blok-Campeau Syndrome (SNIBCPS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the CHD3 gene. Here, we report a de novo single-nucleotide variant (c.C3073T, p.R1025W) in CHD3 identified in a child with SNIBCPS, which leads to accelerated degradation of the CHD3 protein. Using a Chd3R1025W/+ knock-in mouse model, we observed impaired vocalization, cognition, and autism-like behaviors. To address these deficits, we developed an improved TadA-embedded adenine base editor (TeABE) and delivered into the mouse brain via Adeno-associated virus (AAV). Base editing in vivo significantly restored CHD3 protein levels in the mouse brain and ameliorated various behavioral abnormalities. Furthermore, we validated the AAV-mediated delivery efficacy of TeABE in nonhuman primate, highlighting its translational potential. These findings establish in vivo base editing as a promising therapeutic strategy for SNIBCPS and pave the way for clinical applications targeting brain disorders.
Regenerative agriculture amplifies productivity and profitability while negating greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Harrison Matthew , Muleke Albert , Christie-Whitehead Karen , Cain Michelle , Burgess Paul , Wiltshire Katy , Liu Ke , Pexas Georgios
Published: January 2025

The broad philosophy comprising regenerative agriculture can be deconstructed into several underpinning components, including adaptive multi-paddock grazing (AMP), improved biodiversity, silvopasture, and minimal use of cultivation and synthetic fertilisers. Here, we use sheep farms positioned across a rainfall gradient to examine how pasture species diversity, antecedent SOC and AMP influence soil organic carbon (SOC) accrual, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, pasture production and enterprise profit. Compared with light grazing intensities for long durations, high-intensity short-duration cell grazing with long spelling periods (AMP) amplified pasture productivity, improving SOC accrual and GHG abatement, increasing profit per animal and hectare. Renovation of pastures with high-yielding, low-emissions ecotypes enhanced pasture production and carbon removals, albeit to a lesser extent than that realised from AMP. Adaptive grazing management, where animals were moved in response to pasture residual, evoked the greatest SOC accrual and GHG abatement, but also increased supplementary feed costs. Low stocking rates with longer spelling periods between grazing events were the most profitable, highlighting the need for agile, proactive grazing management adapted in line with seasonal conditions. We conclude that (1) whole farm stocking rate and seasonal rainfall quantum have greater influence on pasture production, SOC, GHG and profit compared with species diversity and grazing management, (2) individual pasture species – rather than species diversity – have greater bearing on sward production, (3) notwithstanding carbon removals via improved SOC, CH4 from enteric fermentation dominates farm GHG profiles, and (4), AMP can catalyse SOC accrual and sward production compared with lighter stocking conducted for longer durations, but only when whole farm stocking rate is harmonised with long-term sustainable carrying capacity, with the latter being a function of plant-available water capacity and drought frequency.
SFPQ Directs Histone H3.3 Deposition to R-Loops in DNA Repeats to Protect Genome Stability
Authors: Schoeftner Stefan , Ferrando Alessandro , Gambelli Alice , Broccia Pamela Veneziano , Zappone Annie , Napolitano Luisa , Canarutto Giulia , Giaquinto Michele , Petti Eleonora , Framarini Alessandro , Onesti Silvia , Piazza Silvano , Benetti Roberta
Published: January 2025

R-loops are three-stranded nucleic acid structures that contain an RNA:DNA hybrid duplex and an unpaired single stranded DNA loop. Unscheduled or persistent R-loops drive genome instability by creating conflicts with transcription and replication. Up to 75% of the human genome comprises repetitive DNA elements that can engage in R-loop formation. We demonstrate that the RNA binding protein SFPQ suppresses R-loop mediated replication stress and DNA damage at repeat elements such as telomeres, (peri)-centromeres, LINE-1 and SINE elements. SFPQ shows in-vitro R-loop binding activity, binds to chromatin containing R-loops and recruits the histone H3.3 specific chaperon DAXX to maintain a correct nucleosome template that antagonizes R-loop formation. Loss of SFPQ results in DAXX delocalization from repeat elements, reduction of histone H3.3 incorporation, replication stress mediated genome instability and the formation of cytoplasmatic DNA species, which activate innate immunity pathways via the cGAS/STING pathway resulting improved sarcoma patient survival.
Experimental and Numerical Study on the Bearing Capacity of Tapered Piles in Sand Under Compressive Load
Authors: mohammadizadeh moein , mohammadizadeh mohsen
Published: January 2025

Deep foundations are widely recognized as one of the most effective methods for transferring surface loads to subsurface soil layers. While cylindrical piles are the conventional choice for deep foundations, tapered piles offer significant advantages in load transfer and material efficiency. This study investigates 12 types of tapered piles with varying characteristics in the loose and dense soils under static loading conditions in both loose and dense sands through laboratory experiments. The behavior of tapered piles is also modeled numerically using finite difference analysis, and the numerical results are validated against the experimental data. Additionally, a parametric analysis is conducted to evaluate the influence of design variables such as taper angle, pile length and sand relative density on the load-settlement behavior. The comparative analysis between tapered and cylindrical piles identifies an optimal taper angle for homogeneous sands, revealing that the bearing capacity decreases by 2.86 degrees with an increase in pile angle. Moreover, increasing the relative density of the soil results in a 2- to 3-fold improvement in the bearing capacity of the piles.
Spatial distribution of light-melanosome interaction dependent on irradiation fluence and spot size for short-pulsed laser skin treatment: A phantom study
Authors: Takeda Gakuto , Shimojo Yu , Ozawa Toshiyuki , Nishimura Takahiro
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Short-pulsed lasers provide safe and efficacious treatment of pigmented lesions by setting irradiation parameters based on immediate whitening resulting from vacuolization. However, visual observation of this phenomenon as an irradiation endpoint is subjective and makes it difficult to assess the depth to which the light response is induced inside the skin. To quantitatively understand the dependence of the light response on irradiation parameters, this study analyzes the spatial distribution of light-melanosome interaction based on the fluence distribution in an optical phantom.
Methods: Nanosecond laser irradiation was applied to an optical phantom with a uniform distribution of melanosomes with varying irradiation fluence and spot size. The observed spatial distribution of the light-melanosome response was compared with the fluence distribution in the phantom calculated from numerical simulations.
Results: The resulting relationship between irradiation parameters and optical response showed that cavitation increased rapidly at an in-phantom fluence of 1.37 J/cm$^2$ and reached a saturated state at the threshold fluence for melanosome disruption. Additionally, increasing the spot size promoted cavitation at greater depths as well as increasing irradiation fluence, highlighting the need to consider both irradiation fluence and spot size for treatment depth control.
Conclusion: The experimental results suggest the potential for quantitative control of optical responses in laser treatment of pigmented lesions. Further validation by experiments on samples with spatial distribution of cutaneous melanosomes is required.
Endometrial preparation protocols did not impact outcomes after frozen-thaw embryo transfer for chronic endometritis treatment
Authors: Shi Xiao , Zhang Shuyi
Published: January 2025

Background
Intended to investigate the potential effects of endometrial preparation procedures on the results of subsequent frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles in infertile women with chronic endometritis (CE) following a single course of antibiotic therapy.
Methods
From July 2020 to December 2023, 773 infertile patients participated in a retrospective research. CD138 was immunostained in endometrial tissues taken during the proliferative phase. CE was suggested by the presence of CD138-positive cells in the stromal cells. Oral antibiotics were administered to every patient with a CE diagnosis. After CE was cured, patients had frozen embryo transfers and endometrial preparation. This study compared the impact of different endometrial preparation techniques on pregnancy outcomes.
Results
Hormone replacement treatment (HRT), ovulation induction, natural cycle, and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist-HRT (GnRH agonist-HRT) regimens did not significantly alter the outcome of pregnancy in patients with CE. Compared to other groups, the ovulation induction cycle group had a higher clinical pregnancy rate and embryo implantation rate. However, the miscarriage rate is lower compared to other populations. Patients with treated CE who received HRT, GnRH agonist-HRT, ovulation induction cycle, and natural cycle did not differ substantially (P > 0.05).
Conclusion
Patients with cured CE did not see any change in pregnancy outcomes as a result of endometrial preparation procedures.
The duration of intensive vegetable cultivation regulates the fates of accumulated nitrate under reductive soil disinfestation
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Wang Jing , Fallah Nyumah , Uwiragiye Yves , Qian Yinfei , Yi Cheng , zhang Maoheng , Cai Zucong , Müller Christoph
Published: January 2025

Purpose
Reductive soil disinfestation (RSD) can remove over-accumulated nitrate (NO3−-N) from topsoil in intensive vegetable fields via elevating NO3−-N consumption processes. The duration of intensive vegetable cultivation may affect the relative importance of these consuming processes of NO3−-N during RSD treatment by altering topsoil properties. However, it remains elusive how the duration of intensive vegetable cultivation affects the fates of topsoil NO3−-N during RSD treatment.
Methods
Here, a soil column experiment labeled with K15NO3 was conducted to investigate the effects of different cultivation ages (5, 10, 20 and 30 years) of intensive vegetables on the fates of topsoil NO3−-N under RSD treatment.
Results
The results showed that more than 91.8% of the added 15NO3−-N in topsoil was removed by RSD treatment, regardless of cultivation years. There was a trade-off between denitrification and NO3−-N leaching into the subsoil, both of which together accounted for 85.5–97.1% of the added 15NO3−-N, regardless of cultivation years. The proportion of gaseous 15N loss via denitrification to added 15NO3−-N (Pdenitrification) initially increased from 5 to 10 years of cultivation, and then decreased with further cultivation ages, but the trend was reversed for the proportion of leaching of 15NO3−-N into the subsoil to added 15NO3−-N (Pleaching). The structural equation model revealed that the initial soil carbon/nitrogen ratio had an indirect positive effect on Pdenitrification by driving the initial nirK abundance under RSD treatment.
Conclusion
Overall, our results highlight the critical role of using RSD in removing accumulated NO3−-N from the topsoil with its fates of a trade-off between Pdenitrification and Pleaching as ages of intensive vegetable cultivation.
Effective Estrogen Receptor Status Classification in BreastCancer Using a Single TMA Image and HGCN-CNN Ensemble
Authors: Kousha Atefeh Azin , Zhang Jingxin
Published: January 2025

Introduction: This study proposes a Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) method to determine Estrogen Receptor Status (ERS) in breast cancer patients using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)-stained tissue microarray (TMA) images. It is the first to explore the contributions of graph-based analysis for this task and their integration with conventional Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based approaches.
Methods: A graph model of H&E-stained images is proposed, representing intercellular spatial dependencies as graph edges. We explore the significance of intercellular spatial relationship properties derived from cellular morphology and graph topology, which have been unexplored in previous studies. Additionally, this work combines the results of the proposed graph classifier with those of well-established Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) classifiers to optimize accuracy.
Results: The proposed Hybrid Graph Convolutional Network (HGCN) achieves 14%,25%, and 39% higher specificity compared to the popular pre-trained CNN classifiers VGG16, DenseNet121, and ResNet50, respectively. Whereas, HGCN demonstrates lower sensitivity than these CNN classifiers. By combining the strengths of both approaches in a novel HGCN-CNN ensemble, a well-balanced trade-off between sensitivity and specificity is achieved, resulting in the highest Area Under the Receiver Operating CharacteristicCurve (AUC-ROC) of 87% among all the classifiers. The ensemble outperforms individual CNN classifiers in accuracy, AUC-ROC, and specificity while also exceeding the HGCN classifier in accuracy, AUC-ROC, and sensitivity. These results are obtained from a training dataset of 1,000 H&E-stained TMA images and a test dataset of 554 TMA images.
Conclusions: The results demonstrate that the graph-based approach offers significantly higher specificity compared to popular pre-trained CNN classifiers, while the CNN classifiers excel in sensitivity. The proposed HGCN-CNN ensemble effectively leverages the complementary strengths of both classifier types, enhancing overall binary classification performance in terms of AUC-ROC and accuracy compared to all individual classifiers.
Low-lethality strategies: Impacts on Panonychus citri transgenerational fitness and Neoseiulus californicus effectiveness
Authors: QAYYOUM MUHAMMAD ASIF , Zi-Wei Song , Dun-Song Li , Saeed Khan Bilal , Tain-Ci Yi
Published: January 2025

Background:
The study explores the use of botanical pesticides as an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic methods for controlling citrus red mites and biological pests, comparing their sublethal effects on Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae).
Results:
The study showed that lowlethal (LC30) exposure to oils significantly reduced the fecundity rate of the F0 and F1 generations of P. citri, similar to synthetic chemicals. VO (Soybean oil) and ES (EnSpray) were more effective in reducing developmental stages and population life parameters. All population life parameters were significantly reduced in all treatments compared to the control. VO accelerated population growth over time. Chemical combinations had synergistic effects against F2 generations, except for VO: ES and ES: ABA (Abamectin). The next generation population of VO and ES were better perfume compared to SYP (SYP-9625) and ABA in terms of attractiveness, prey consumption, and fecundity rate. The greenhouse study revealed that N. californicus displays repellent behavior towards treated plantations, increasing with predatory mite density, with synthetic chemicals having a significant sublethal effect.
Conclusion:
The study found that synthetic chemicals, such as ABA and SYP, caused faster adult mortality and higher lethality in Panonychus citri and Neoseiulus californicus. These chemicals also significantly reduced fecundity, adult longevity, and egg hatchability in the parental generation, with SYP being the most effective. The above results showed that exposure to oils significantly reduced the fertility rate of P. citri, similar to synthetic chemicals. VO and ES decreased developmental stages in the F1 generation, accelerated population expansion in the F2 generation, and increased prey consumption toward VO and ES of N. californicus. The study emphasizes the need for balancing efficacy and environmental safety in acaricide development and application.
STFNIoT:Lightweight IoT Intrusion Detection Based on Explainable Analysis Using Spatiotemporal Fusion Networks
Authors: Chen Hanlin , Liu Huan , Yang Wenjun
Published: January 2025

With the widespread popularity of IoT applications, IoT devices are increasingly becoming targets of cyber attacks. Existing intrusion detection systems usually face computing resource limitations and accuracy challenges when facing complex, high-dimensional attack traffic data. Therefore, this paper proposes a lightweight IoT intrusion detection framework STFNIoT based on interpretable analysis of spatiotemporal fusion networks, which combines principal component analysis (PCA) and deep learning models to address the above problems. PCA performs data dimensionality reduction to reduce feature redundancy while retaining key information. Subsequently, a spatiotemporal fusion network(STFN) is used for feature learning. STFN contains two key components: a convolutional neural network (CNN) for extracting spatial features and a bidirectional long short-term memory network (BiLSTM) for capturing time-dependent features, thereby efficiently learning the spatiotemporal relationship between IoT devices. In addition, the framework integrates the SHAP interpretability analysis algorithm, which can intuitively reveal the decision-making process of the model and enhance the transparency and reliability of the system. Experimental results show that STFNIoT achieves 100%, 97.70% and 97.15% accuracy in the binary, hexaclass and multiclass tasks of the Edge-IIoTset dataset, respectively, significantly improving the detection performance compared with existing methods. In addition, the modular design of the framework effectively reduces the computational overhead and is suitable for resource-constrained IoT environments. This study provides an efficient and explainable IoT intrusion detection method.
Mobility, Mental Well-being and Neighborhood Walkability Among Older Adults in Nigeria: An Urban Perspective
Authors: John Jeneviv Nene , Isaac Fredrick Sunday , Osiri Emmanuel Jonah , Mgbeojedo Ukamaka Gloria , Okezue Obinna Chinedu , Nnamani Chimdi Ebubechi , Ibeneme Sam Chidi
Published: January 2025

Background
The rapid urbanization and demographic shifts experienced globally have significant implications for the well-being of older adults, particularly in low and middle income countries like Nigeria. As individuals age, understanding the impact of environmental characteristics on mobility and mental well-being becomes crucial for optimal health. Walkable neighborhoods have the potential to enhance mobility, social engagement, and well-being among older adults. This study explored the neighborhood characteristics and its relationship with mobility and mental well-being of older adults in Nigeria.
Methods
This cross-sectional study involved 162 older adults. The Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale, Life Space Questionnaire and Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale assessed the neighborhood characteristics, mobility and mental well-being respectively. Correlation and multiple regression analysis were employed.
Results
Significant relationships were observed between mobility and residential density (r= -0.223, p = 0.004), connectivity (r = 0.266, p = 0.001) aesthetics (r = 0.212, p = 0.007), and safety from traffic (r = 0.214, p = 0.006). The regression analysis with mobility as the dependent variable showed a good model fit and was significant [F = 7.389, p < 0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.28, R2 = 0.33]. The predictors/independent variables in the model accounted for 33% of the variance in mobility. Durbin Watson’s score was 2.066 indicating independence of observations in the model. Variance Inflation factor values were less than 10 while Tolerance values were greater than 0.20 indicating no multicollinearity in the model. Key predictors of mobility were residential density, land use mix, connectivity, aesthetics, safety from traffic, environmental description and child safety. Interestingly, there was no significant relationship between neighborhood characteristics and mental well-being (p > 0.05), and none of these characteristics emerged as significant predictors of mental well-being.
Conclusions
Urban planners, policymakers, and healthcare professionals should collaborate to create age-friendly environments that prioritize mobility and well-being for older adults. The insights from this study can inform policy recommendations and guidelines aimed at enhancing the overall quality of life for older adults, reducing the incidence of isolation, anxiety, and depression, and promoting healthier, more vibrant communities.
Trial registration:
Not Applicable
A Differential Game-Based Security Mechanism for Protecting Data Element Circulation
Authors: Wang Lei , Xu Haitao , Shi Haoyu , Zhou Xianwei
Published: January 2025

In intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs), driver-users connect with the Internet through roadside units (RSUs). The driver-users transmit a large amount of personally sensitive information about their journeys to RSUs to access value-added services. Simultaneously, the attackers infiltrate RSUs at a certain frequency to steal or intercept some connected ICVs users' privacy information, which causes a great threat to the privacy of user data elements. Moreover, most defense technologies in current ICVs systems rely on a passive defense approach, which has limitations such as single strategy and difficult flexible adjustment. Given the above issue, this paper proposes a data element circulation security defense mechanism based on differential game theory. The mechanism conceptualizes the health level of RSUs as a contested resource and establishes a differential game model. Leveraging the Nash equilibrium solution with feedback, the mechanism adaptively determines the optimal packet marking strength (PMS) in accordance with the attack frequency. And the defenders can achieve maximization the effectiveness of their defenses. Ultimately, numerical simulations are conducted to validate the accuracy of the model and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism.
Atom Transition Networks and Isotope Labeling Patterns in Large Chemical Reaction Networks
Authors: Golnik Richard , Stadler Peter Florian , Gatter Thomas
Published: January 2025

Isotope tracing experiments are an important source of information in particular for the analysis of complex metabolic networks. Their evaluation, however, is a notoriously difficult and time-consuming task. Here, we derive a simple and complete solution for an important special case, namely the specific labeling of a single atom in a single feed compound. Starting from the atom-to-atom map of a reaction we first derive a transition matrix that exactly describes the propagation of the label from reactants to products, taking into account the relevant symmetries. These are subsequently combined into a global atom transition network. Assuming a steady-state flux F through the chemical reaction network we derive a system of affine differential equations describing how the reaction network is flooded by labeled atoms from an external reservoir. This leads to a unique asymptotically stable steady state distribution of labels that can be computed by solving a non-singular system of linear equations. Linear combinations of these single-atom labeling patterns also solve the problem of computing the enrichment of multiple, simultaneous labels, albeit without providing information on correlations between distinct labels.
Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles using Ficus platyphylla leaf and bark extracts: antimicrobial activity against mrsa and other pathogens, anticoagulant and antioxidant properties
Authors: Abdulmumini Shakirat Afodun , Yusuf-Salihu Bashirat Olamide , Elegbede Joseph Adetunji , Lateef Agbaje
Published: January 2025

The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Klebsiella oxytoca, underscores the need for novel antimicrobial strategies. This study synthesized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) for the first time using Ficus platyphylla leaf (FPL) and bark (FPB) extracts, employing a sustainable green synthesis approach. The nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR, TEM, XRD, and EDX. Polydispersed spherical, oval, and square-shaped SeNPs from bark (FPBS) exhibited maximum absorption at 327 nm, while monodispersed, oval-shaped SeNPs from leaves (FPLS) absorbed at 338 nm. FTIR confirmed the involvement of phenolic compounds and proteins in nanoparticle synthesis. At 200 µg/ml, FPLS and FPBS showed significant antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones of 33.3 ± 0.88 mm and 32.3 ± 0.33 mm against MRSA and Klebsiella oxytoca, respectively. The SeNPs demonstrated antifungal activity (97.21–100% inhibition) against Aspergillus and Penicillium species, as well as antioxidant activity, scavenging DPPH (37.76–79.99%) and H₂O₂ (17.32–77.40%) at 1–50 mg/ml. They also showed anticoagulant potential, comparable to EDTA. This study highlights the alignment with circular bioeconomy principles by utilizing sustainable, renewable plant resources to synthesize SeNPs, minimizing the environmental impact. It also supports the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, particularly Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-being) and Goal 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). These findings showcase F. platyphylla-derived SeNPs as eco-friendly, multifunctional nanoparticles with significant biomedical applications, advancing green nanotechnology.
Foliar application of zinc and boron alleviate deficiency stress in papaya (Carica papaya L.) seedlings
Authors: Deb Prahlad , KumarAbhishek  , Das Payel
Published: January 2025

Papaya is among the most important tropical fruits and is cultivated in nearly all Indian states. Micronutrient deficiency at an early stage can lead to poor growth and reduced yield in papaya. The effect of foliar application of zinc and boron on stress metabolism of papaya seedlings has been studied through a pot experiment conducted under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was framed in a completely randomised design with nine treatments that included zinc sulphate @ 0.2%, 0.4% and borax @ 0.2%, 0.4% and their combinations along with a control treatment (distilled water only). Seedlings were grown in polythene bags filled with properly washed sand and sprayed with the above treatment combinations of micronutrients at 15 days interval after germination adjusting neutral pH. The foliar spray of 0.4% zinc sulphate combined with 0.2% borax led to an increase in leaf chlorophyll content (a, b, and total), thereby boosting photosynthesis (soluble sugars) and enhancing the relative water content in leaves available for all metabolic processes. Increased application of zinc and boron also reduced the stress expression of papaya seedlings by reducing proline content, superoxide dismutase enzyme and phenol content. Lipid peroxidation in the leaf was also minimal with higher zinc application and moderate boron application, as indicated by the lower malondialdehyde content. Therefore, foliar application of 0.4% zinc sulphate and 0.2% borax can be recommended for better seedling growth of papaya in terms of less stress and high metabolic activity.
In Vitro Suction Comparison of 3 Flexible and Navigable Suction Ureteral Access Sheaths (FANS) of 2 Sizes using a 7.5Fr Single-Use Flexible Ureteroscope: An AUSET-EAU Endourology Collaboration
Authors: Law Yu Xi Terence , Tan Yi Quan , Htoo Ei Ei Aung , So Wei Zheng , Lau Shu-En Rachel , Kwok Jia-Lun , Yuen Steffi Kar Kei , Cho Sung Yong , Inoue Takaaki , Somani Bhaskar Kumar , Tiong Ho Yee , GAUHAR Vineet
Published: January 2025

Purpose The primary aim was to study the in-vitro suction performance of three different Flexible and Navigable Suction Ureteral Access Sheaths (FANS) of two sizes each. The secondary aim was to study the impact of digital occlusion versus thumb sliders on suction performance.Methods We used the 7.5Fr single-use Flexible Ureterorenoscope from Innovex Medical (US27F-12-EU). The six FANS used were: 10/12Fr and 11/13Fr Innovex 40cm FANS, ClearPetra 46cm FANS, and Reborn 40cm FANS. Time taken to suction 100ml saline was measured. To test efficiency of stone suction, 1000mm3 of 1 to 2mm stones were distributed equally between the upper and lower poles of a kidney model.Results All three 11/13Fr FANS had suction rates three times faster than their 10/12Fr counterparts (p = 0.001 for all FANS), when digital occlusion was used. Innovex and Clearpetra FANS had faster suction rates than Reborn FANS when suctioning 100ml saline, for both 10/12Fr and 11/13Fr. For the Innovex FANS, there was no difference in suction rate when using the thumb slider or digital occlusion. However, Reborn FANS had slower suction rates when using the thumb slider compared to digital occlusion for both 10/12Fr and 11/13Fr sizes. Innovex FANS was the fastest in suctioning upper pole calculi, followed by Clearpetra FANS, and Reborn FANS the slowest for 10/12Fr (198s versus 237s versus 537s respectively, p < 0.001) and 11/13Fr (158s versus 174s versus 332s respectively, p < 0.001). 10/12Fr and 11/13Fr Reborn FANS were not able to reach the lower pole calculi. Between Clearpetra and Innovex, there was no significant difference in time taken to suction lower pole calculi.Conclusions Faster suction was achieved with 11/13Fr instead of 10/12Fr FANS. With digital occlusion, the Innovex and Clearpetra FANS both performed similarly better in their suction performance than the Reborn FANS.
The association between physical function, self-perceived health, and 24-hour activity patterns for older people in Europe: a compositional data analysis
Authors: Zhou Mi , Wang Yuetong , Song Xiaomei , Hong Xinlei , Ji Zhen , Zhou Youbin
Published: January 2025

Previous research shows physical function and health state in the elderly are associated with daily activity behavior, such as physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep, though most studies examine these independently, overlooking 24-hour interactions. This study aims to investigate the relationships between physical function (vision, hearing, activity limitations), self-perceived health and the distribution of 24-hour activity behaviors via compositional data analysis. A secondary data analysis was conducted on data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. The analyzed activity behaviors included moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), sedentary behavior (SEB), and sleep duration (SD). Compositional data analysis was employed to account for the inherently interdependent nature of these behaviors. Linear regression models were implemented, designating activity behaviors as the dependent variable and physical function as the independent variable. The results indicated that vision and hearing showed weaker and nonsignificant associations with activity behaviors (Marginal effects from − 0.16 [-0.32,0.01] to 0.11 [-0.18,0.40], p-value from 0.063 to 0.991). Activity limitations significantly influence time allocation to activity behaviors, with no limitations associated with more time in MVPA (marginal effects: 0.16 [0.04, 0.28], p-value = 0.007) and less time in SEB (marginal effects: -0.08 [-0.15, 0.00], p-value = 0.038) and SD (marginal effects: -0.09 [-0.17, -0.02], p-value = 0.009). Self-perceived health are positively associated with MVPA (marginal effects ranging from 0.01 [-0.20, 0.23] to 0.21 [0.00, 0.42], p-value from 0.046 to 0.903) and LPA (-0.07 [-0.19, 0.06] to 0.15 [0.03, 0.27], p-value from 0.014 to 0.758), while inversely associated with SEB (marginal effects ranging from − 0.19 [-0.32, -0.06] to 0.04 [-0.09, 0.18], p-value from 0.003 to 0.525) and SD (marginal effects − 0.17 [-0.29, -0.04] to 0.01 [-0.12, 0.14], p-value from 0.010 to 0.964). Future research should explore longitudinal relationships and develop targeted interventions to improve activity behaviors in this population.
Integrated multi-omics analysis reveals key genetic, metabolic, and microbial drivers in bladder cancer insights into molecular subtyping and therapeutic approaches: A tumor marker prognostic study
Authors: Tan Zhiyong , Chen Xiaorong , Huang Yinglong , Fu Shi , Gong Chen , Lv Dihao , Yang Chadanfeng , Li Haihao , Wang Jiansong , Ding Mingxia , Wang Haifeng
Published: January 2025

Background: Bladder cancer (BLCA) is a common malignancy with significant impact on patient health. The aim of this study was to explore the potential mechanisms of BLCA through a combination of multi-omics and single-cell analyses.
Methods: In this study, samples from BLCA and paracancerous tissues were collected for transcriptome, whole-exome sequencing, metabolome and intratumoural microbiome sequencing. These data were then co-analyzed with publicly available datasets to identify and analyze key genes, metabolites and microbiomes as well as their regulatory mechanisms in the pathogenesis of BLCA. Different BLCA clusters were then identified on the basis of key genes. Differences among the clusters were then investigated in terms of biological pathways, immunological microenvironment, genetic alterations, immunotherapy and drug susceptibility. The prognostic value of the key genes was then analyzed using publicly available data, and their molecular regulatory mechanisms were further investigated. Finally, the expression patterns of the key genes were observed at the single cell level and key cells were identified.
Results: In this paper, three key genes (AHNAK, CSPG4, and NCAM1), 90 key metabolites and two key microorganisms (Sphingomonas koreensis and Rhodospirillaceae) were identified in a multi-omics analysis. Of these, key genes and key metabolites were negatively correlated. The BLCA samples from transcriptome sequencing were then divided into cluster 1 and cluster 2 based on key genes. Single-cell analysis identified nine cell types, with fibroblasts exhibiting the highest expression of key genes, thus establishing fibroblasts as the key cell in this study. Notably, AHNAK expression was higher in fibroblast subtypes.
Conclusion: The combined multi-omics analysis revealed a significant correlation between three key genes (AHNAK, CSPG4, and NCAM1) and multiple key metabolites and key microorganisms, which offering a new reference and theoretical support for the treatment and research of BLCA.
Impact of Functional Feed Additives on Broiler Turkey Growth, Carcass Quality, Immune Response, and Gut Health
Authors: Sulaiman Aminu Shehu , Rano Prof. Nuhu Bello , Abdullahi Hussaini Isma'il , Hussaini Bakari Ado
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the impact of functional feed additives (dietary supplementation with probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus subtilis) and prebiotics (mannose oligosaccharide and inulin)) on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, immune response, gut morphology, and microbiota in broiler turkeys. A total of 135 broiler turkeys were randomly assigned to three groups: a control group (G1) with no supplementation, a probiotic-supplemented group (G2), and a prebiotic-supplemented group (G3). The birds were fed these diets for 70 days Results showed that probiotics significantly improved body weight gain, feed intake, and white blood cell count (p < 0.05), while prebiotics enhanced gut morphology and nutrient absorption. Both treatments resulted in higher villus height and Lactobacillus spp. counts, contributing to improved gut health. No significant differences were observed in feed conversion ratio, carcass yield, or E. coli counts. The findings suggest that dietary supplementation with probiotics and prebiotics positively affects turkey growth performance, immune function, and gut health, with probiotics showing the most pronounced impact on body weight gain and immune response. The inclusion of these functional additives enhances turkey production efficiency without compromising carcass quality. Thus, probiotics and prebiotics supplementation can be a valuable strategy to optimize broiler turkey performance and health.
Evaluation of Fungicides, Host-plant Defense Inducer, and Anti-transpirant in Management of Boxwood Blight
Authors: Ghimire Bhawana , Parajuli Madhav , Simmons Terri , Liyanapathiranage Prabha , Baysal-Gurel Fulya
Published: January 2025

Boxwood, valued at over $140.9 million annually in the United States, faces a significant threat from boxwood blight disease. This study evaluated 24 treatment combinations involving three fungicides (Daconil Weatherstik, Postiva, and F6123-1), a disinfectant/fungicide (KleenGrow), a host-plant defense inducer (Actigard), and an anti-transpirant (Vapor Gard) for managing boxwood blight. Preventive applications were performed 24 h before pathogen inoculation, while curative treatments were applied at 14-d intervals, starting 14 d after inoculation. The disease severity (0% to 100% plant affected), area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), plant growth, defoliation (0% to 100%), and stem water potential (MPa) were assessed. All the applications significantly reduced disease severity and AUDPC compared with the non-treated, inoculated control. Preventative applications of Actigard alternated (alt.) with Vapor Gard and Actigard alone consistently reduced the disease progression, while Actigard alt. with Vapor Gard reduced the disease severity. Curative application of the low rate of Postiva exhibited the highest disease suppression, comparable to applications of F6123-1 alt. with Vapor Gard and the high rate of Postiva alt. with Vapor Gard. The preventative and curative application of the high rate of Postiva alt. with Vapor Gard was the most effective in reducing disease severity and slowing disease progression. Preventive and curative application of Daconil Weatherstik, KleenGrow, and Daconil Weatherstik alt. with KleenGrow were also effective. None of the preventive treatments significantly reduced defoliation. However, curative applications of F6123-1 alt. with Vapor Gard and preventive and curative treatments of the high rate of Postiva alt. with Vapor Gard consistently reduced the defoliation. Preventive application of Actigard alt. with Vapor Gard, curative application of the low rate of Postiva alt. Vapor Gard, and preventive and curative treatments of the high rate of Postiva alt. Vapor Gard, as well as Vapor Gard alone, resulted in the highest stem water potential among treated plants. A weak positive correlation was observed between stem water potential and disease development. The identified combinations and application strategies provide options for effective boxwood blight management when combined with other management strategies.
Comparative characteristics of different grilled beef cuts and application of torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) flower in seasoning
Authors: Ramadhani A. M. , Suryati T. , Apriantini A.
Published: January 2025

Grilled beef processed with high temperature has the potential to form toxic compounds that are mutagenic and carcinogenic. This can be prevented by using beef cuts with low-fat content and antioxidant-rich spices, such as torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) flower. This study is aimed to analyze the physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of grilled beef using different beef cuts and application of torch ginger flower in seasoning. Tenderloin and brisket cuts were chosen to represent the low fat and high fat content of the meat. The beef was seasoned with torch ginger flower as one of ingredients for marinade and for dipping sauce, and cooked using grilling method. This study was designed using randomized block design (CRD) with 2 × 6 factorial pattern, consisting of two beef cuts and six seasoning methods with three blocks of the samples manufacturing periods. The differences in beef cuts used to cook grilled beef were related to pH value, water, protein, fat, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The use of tenderloin cuts featured lower MDA levels (p ≤ 0,05) than brisket cuts. Tenderloin cuts MDA content was 3,76 mg/kg while brisket cuts had MDA content of 1,67 mg/kg. The application of torch ginger flower in seasoning can increase water content and antioxidant activity while also reduce MDA levels in grilled beef. Soaking of beef in seasoning marinade without torch ginger flower and dipping sauce with the addition of torch ginger flower has resulted to the highest (p ≤ 0,05) antioxidant capacity (135,19 mg EVC g-1), which is more effective compared to other seasoning modes.
Türkiye’de Toplam Para Arzı ve Nominal Faiz Oranlarının Tüketici Fiyat Enflasyonu Üzerindeki Etkileri: Johansen Eşbütünleşme Testi ve Vektör Hata Düzeltme Modeliyle Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Sünbül Ersın
Published: January 2025

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de toplam para arzı ve nominal faiz oranlarının tüketici fiyat enflasyonu üzerindeki etkilerini analiz etmektedir. Johansen Eşbütünleşme Testi ve Vektör Hata Düzeltme Modeli (VECM) kullanılarak yapılan analiz, para arzı ve enflasyon arasındaki uzun vadeli ilişkiyi ortaya koymaktadır. Bulgular, para arzındaki artışın uzun dönemde enflasyonu artırdığını göstermekte, bu da Friedman’ın monetarist teorisiyle uyumlu bir sonucu ifade etmektedir. Ancak kısa dönemde, para arzındaki değişimlerin enflasyonu artırıcı etkileri dikkat çekmiştir. Bu sonuç, Keynesyen teorinin öngördüğü talep yönlü dinamikler ve piyasa beklentileriyle ilişkilendirilmektedir. Nominal faiz oranlarının enflasyon üzerindeki etkisi ise kısa vadede zayıf bulunmuştur. Türkiye gibi gelişmekte olan ekonomilerde, faiz oranlarının enflasyonu kontrol etme rolü sınırlı kalmakta, hatta zaman zaman ters etki yaparak enflasyonu artırıcı bir unsur olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu durum, faiz politikalarının etkinliğinin dışsal faktörler ve piyasa koşullarıyla sınırlanabileceğini göstermektedir. Özellikle, yüksek enflasyon dönemlerinde faiz oranlarının enflasyonla beklenen negatif ilişkiyi sağlayamadığı görülmüştür. Çalışmanın sonuçları, Türkiye’nin ekonomik yapısının ve dışsal şokların para politikası araçlarının etkinliğini şekillendirdiğini vurgulamaktadır. Enflasyonla mücadelede geleneksel para politikası araçlarının ötesine geçilerek, döviz kuru politikaları, beklenti yönetimi ve talep yönlü önlemlerin entegre bir şekilde değerlendirilmesi gerektiği önerilmektedir. Bu bulgular, özellikle gelişmekte olan ekonomiler için çok boyutlu politika stratejilerinin önemini ortaya koymaktadır.