bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Designing the Liner Shipping Network of Tomorrow Powered by Alternative Fuels
Authors: Johansen Mikkel Lassen , Holst Klaus Kähler , Ropke Stefan
Published: January 2025

The liner shipping industry is undergoing an extensive decarbonization process to reduce its 275 million tons of CO2 emissions as of 2018. In this process, the long-term solution is the introduction of new alternative maritime fuels. The introduction of alternative fuels presents a great set of unknowns. Among these are the strategic concerns regarding sourcing of alternative fuels and, operationally, how the new fuels might affect the network of shipping routes. We propose a problem formulation that integrates fuel supply/demand into the liner shipping network design problem. Here, we present a model to determine the production sites and distribution of new alternative fuels—we consider methanol and ammonia. For the network design problem, we apply an adaptive large neighborhood search combined with a delayed column generation process. In addition, we wish to test the effect of designing a robust network under uncertain demand conditions because of the problem’s strategic nature and importance. Therefore, our proposed solution method will have a deterministic and stochastic setup when we apply it to the second-largest multihub instance, WorldSmall, known from LINER-LIB. In the deterministic setting, our proposed solution method finds a new best solution to three instances from LINER-LIB. For the main considered WorldSmall instance, we even noticed a new best solution in all our tested fuel settings. In addition, we note a profit drop of 7.2% between a bunker-powered and pure alternative fuel–powered network. The selected alternative fuel production sites favor a proximity to European ports and have a heavy reliance on wind turbines. The stochastic results clearly showed that the found networks were much more resilient to the demand changes. Neglecting the perspective of uncertain demand leads to highly fluctuating profits.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2023.0143 .
Advancements in Crop Yield Improvement through Genetic Engineering
Authors: Patil Lalit Narendra , Patil Atul Ashok , Patil Sarika Atul , Sancheti Santosh D. , Agrawal Vikash K.
Published: January 2025

While the global population continues to grow, it has heightened demand for better agricultural output. Traditional breeding techniques have played a great role in the improvement of crop yields, but they are not very efficient and not very excellent because they take quite a period of time and are not quite based on scope. Genetic engineering is a more precise, powerful approach with more direct influence on a plant genome; hence, the genetic engineering approach provides an alternative means of increasing the productivity of crops through the manipulation of the plant genome. This review describes the state-of-the-art genetic engineering technologies, like CRISPR, RNAi, and transgenic crops, to explain their capacity to enhance crop yield. It also reviews the problems, environmental implications, and future directions in GE crop biotechnology.
Aquaponics Advancements: A Comprehensive Exploration of Sustainable Aqua-Agriculture Practices in the Indian Context
Authors: Bhanja Avik , Payra Pijush , Mandal Basudev
Published: January 2025

Aquaponics, an innovative and symbiotic approach to agricultural practices, has gained increasing attention as a potential pathway to enhance the sustainability of ‘Aqua-Agri’ farming in India. This review comprehensively explores the current state of aquaponics in the Indian context, examining its overview, suitability, challenges, and potentiality. The analysis encompasses the ecological dynamics of aquaponic systems, emphasizing the efficient utilization of resources in Indian context, minimal environmental impact, and the potential for increased yields in both fish and plant production. Additionally, it explores successful case studies, showcasing the viability and adaptability of aquaponics across diverse regions in India. The review concludes by outlining future research directions and policy recommendations to foster the widespread adoption of aquaponics as a transformative and sustainable method within the aquaculture sector in India.
Efficient Pest Detection Through Advanced Machine Learning Technique
Authors: Subburaj Sandhya Devi Ramiah , Eswaramoorthy Cowshik , Latha Vishnu Gunasekaran , Chinnasamy Rakshan Kaarthi Palanisamy
Published: January 2025

Crop Protection is the key element to achieve food security. Many studies have been conducted over the decades to avoid crop losses during pre- harvest and post-harvest stages. Crop losses due to pest attack and plant disease spread, reduces the agriculture production and possess a direct impact on the economy of a country. Deployment of Artificial Intelligence (AI) based pest control strategies to detect pest species is under research. In this manuscript, deep learning based EfficientNetB7 architecture and transfer learning methodology is used to develop a real-time resource-efficient pest detection system. EfficientNetB7's innovative compound scaling technique has managed to balance efficiency in terms of computations and accuracy to effectively classify pests through images with minimal resources. The proposed system uses appropriate fine-tuning of training parameters and regularization mechanisms such as optimizers, data augmentation, to effectively develop a pest detection system. The trained model is ported on to STM32 microcontroller using CubeAI in STM32CubeIDE.The model is assessed by using a publicly available dataset, and a classification accuracy of 93.5% is achieved. This system not only automates pest detection but also provides a match percentage for the identified pests, thus supporting precision agriculture. Future work includes increasing the dataset and exploring edge AI techniques for decentralized decision-making. This manuscript showcases the transformative potential of EfficientNetB7 in precision agriculture, offering a scalable, cost-effective, and sustainable solution for the detection of pests with relevant broader impacts on agricultural automation practices.
Commercialization of Technologies in the Indian Agriculture Sector: A Study on Farmers Acceptance Level
Authors: M Johnpaul
Published: January 2025

This research examines how farmers in the Indian agricultural sector embrace the new technologies. The study dives into the factors that influence adoption, assesses the consequences on livelihoods and productivity, and makes recommendations for decreasing barriers to incorporating technology into farming practices. There is very little research available in this field. When comparing Scopus data, only twelve publications are technology-related, and one file aims to explore TAM in a nation like India with vast majority engaging the farming sector. To assess small- and medium-sized peasants' intentions to embrace agricultural technology, the current study uses 750 sample data points. This study employs indigenous factors to explore fundamental TAM and exogenous variables inspired by the 4A's of marketing to evaluate their impact on technology adoption. The third stage of the research study additionally looked at the moderating effects of education, landholding size, and area of residence on the link between TAM and actual usage that would result in commercialization of Technologies in Indian agriculture at bottom line. The researcher utilized SPSS-25 and PLS-SEM to analyze the data.
From Farm to Future: Charting India's Agricultural Path to Global Competitiveness and SDGs Alignment
Authors: Philip Bijin , Mathew Geethu Anna , Sebastian Roshen Therese , Thomas Ajai Abraham , M Jeeva
Published: January 2025

Almost all of the 17 quantifiable Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that the UN General Assembly adopted in 2015 to address contemporary global issues by 2030 have some connection to agriculture, giving it a multifaceted significance. Agriculture should be considered an essential component of the SDGs since it serves as a vital link between humans and the environment. This research work undertaken to study the present obstacles faced by agriculture and allied sectors in attaining the SDGs in India, to study the potential of agricultural transformations in India to contribute to the global SDG targets focusing on food security, environmental sustainability, and poverty alleviation, to discover the linkages between agriculture and SDG’s, and assess the role of Indian agricultural strategies in addressing these interconnections and to identify vital schemes for renovating Indian agriculture into a globally competitive sector while aligning with the SDGs. This study is based on secondary data, utilizing a variety of credible sources such as government reports, research articles and policy documents to investigate the connection between agriculture and the SDGs in India. Quantitative and qualitative analysis was applied to interpret the data, highlighting key obstacles. This study paper is unusual in that it explains how the agriculture sector and sustainable development goals are related, how the agriculture sector may help achieve the SDG goals, and what policies the policy makers should implement to make this happen. The main obstacles to achieving sustainable productivity include climate change and ecological degradation, overuse of natural resources, inadequate application of sustainable farming practices, chemical fertilizer and pesticide dependency, low efficiency, and price-led growth. Prioritizing the adoption of measures such as increasing productivity, utilizing climate-resilient agricultural practices, consolidating land, integrating technology, and improving market access and infrastructure are necessary to improve sustainable productivity. To guarantee that agriculture advances to the next level of growth alongside other sectors, a well-coordinated plan of action and strategy between the federal government and the states is required. This research offers important insights into improving the efficacy of agricultural policies and practices in India and the achievement of sustainable agriculture and SDGs by highlighting crucial areas for reform and strategic alignment.
A Deep Learning Based Model for Detection and Tracking of Stray Animals in the Fields
Authors: Goyal Nitika
Published: January 2025

Agriculture, despite of being a major contributor in Indian economy, has to confront innumerable issues like intrusion of stray animal in agricultural areas, giving rise to economical loss due to damage of crops. The inefficiency of conventional practices like trenches, fences etc in checking animal intrusion has paved way for technology to provide innovative solutions in the field of agriculture. An innovative approach integrating deep learning model YOLOv5 with IoT devices has been proposed in this paper for timely detection and tracking of entry of stray animals in the fields and giving instant alert to the farmer about the intrusion in order to protect crops from damage and prevent human-animal conflict. The proposed system had been tested on numerous classes of animals and exceptional accuracy of above 95% could be achieved. Furthermore the alert system not only gives timely notification about the intrusion but also specify sufficient details about the intruding animal. However, challenges like high initial setup cost, availability of high speed internet connection, and handling diverse animal species in different geographical areas can create hindrance in implementation of this model in developing nations. The research work highlights the capability of technological advancements in tackling critical issues in the field of agriculture by providing innovative solutions specifically in case of crop damage by animal intrusion. Future work can focus on adaptation of the model for diverse applications like Biosphere reserve management, forest management etc.
In vitro Biocontrol of Phomopsis azadirachtae by Andrographis paniculata Rhizobacteria
Authors: Prabhakar Sheethal , Krishna Girish
Published: January 2025

The Phomopsis azadirachtae Devaki, Bhat, and Sateesh is a fungal phytopathogen that incites die-back disease on neem. Management of this disease has become very important presently due to its fast spread. Though chemical control is possible, negative aspects of chemicals on ecosystem is making alternative methods a priority. Use of biopesticides mainly consisting of microorganisms is gaining importance as an alternative for synthetic fungicides. Rhizosphere of medicinal plants is a good source for antagonistic bacteria. In this study bacteria were isolated from rhizosphere of Andrographis paniculata, a medicinal plant. They were initially tested for antifungal potential against P. azadirachtae using dual culture approach. Three rhizobacteria that substantially inhibited fungal growth were characterized using standard biochemical tests. Later by employing the agar well diffusion method, ethyl acetate extracts of the three chosen bacterial culture filtrate were screened for P. azadirachtae growth inhibition. All three rhizobacteria substantially prevented the P. azadirachtae growth and could be good candidates for the development of a biocontrol strategy to manage P. azadirachtae, but this demands further research.
Startup Developing Screening Tool for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Ford Jason
Published: January 2025

Woost aims to develop home screening tool to track biomarkers
Floating An Idea
Authors: Ford Jason
Published: January 2025

Tunnels and bridges were seen as tangible ways of connecting the UK to France until James Chalmers floated an altogether different approach
Developing a Xenophobia Scale for Healthcare Workers in Türkiye
Authors:   Faculty of Business, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkiye, Karagöz Yalçın , Karaşin Yusuf ,   Gedik Vocational School, Istanbul Gedik University, Istanbul, Turkiye, Filiz Mustafa ,   Faculty of Business, Artvin Çoruh University, Artvin, Turkiye, Genç Gülşen ,   Education Institute, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkiye
Published: January 2025

This study proposes a psychometric measurement tool to determine the levelof xenophobia among healthcare workers. To this end, 312 healthcare workers serving in Istanbul were reached through convenience sampling and data was generated through face-to-face interviews. A preliminary scale comprising 33 items was initially created. Following expert opinions and pilot study phases, six items were removed from the draft scale, leaving 27 items. Exploratory factor analysis was initially applied to the data, resulting in the removal of nine more items from the scale, thus reducing the number of items to a final scale of 18. The final scale was grouped into three factors: “General Xenophobia,” “Occupational Xenophobia,” and “Cultural Xenophobia.” The items obtained following exploratory factor analysis were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis. The analysis demonstrated that the model obtained fits the data perfectly. The Cronbach’s alpha value for the developed scale was found to be 0.905. In conclusion, the developed scale was found to be a valid and reliable measurement tool for the measurement of xenophobic attitudes among healthcare workers.
How Knowledge Travels: Learned Periodicals and the Atlantic Republic of Letters
Authors: Pirillo Diego
Published: January 2025

Abstract: Although the Republic of Letters has become today a main area of interdisciplinary research, early North America has remained largely impermeable to this new body of scholarship. In this article I use the category of the Republic of Letters to overcome some of the limitations of the “Atlantic world” paradigm and to shed new light on the intellectual history of eighteenth-century America. Along with studying the means through which American savants gathered information about scholarly trends and recent publications, I also bring to light the strategies they used to actively contribute to the production and organization of knowledge.
Transfer learning based adaptive entropy loading for radio-over-fiber systems
Authors: Xi Ruiqing , Zhang Lu , Bobrovs Vjaceslavs , Ozolins Oskars , Pang Xiaodan , Yu Xianbin
Published: January 2025

The radio-over-fiber (RoF) system is promising to support broadband transmission and increased flexibility. To boost channel capacity in multi-carrier RoF systems with variable-rate forward error correction, probabilistic shaping and water-filling-based entropy loading outperforms bit-power loading in terms of achievable information rate. However, its reliance on specific channel conditions limits practical use in channel-dynamic RoF systems, highlighting the need for adaptive entropy loading that requires minimal channel state information. This paper presents a deep neural network-based transfer learning model for adaptive entropy prediction in discrete multi-tone signals, addressing frequency-selective responses in RoF systems. Numerical and experimental results confirm capacity-approaching generalized mutual information (GMI) and smoother normalized GMI (NGMI) performances, consistently achieving the 0.83 NGMI threshold across subcarriers. Unlike traditional methods requiring pre-measured signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), this approach simplifies implementation by using only demodulated data and the received SNR, providing a more channel-independent entropy loading option in dynamic RoF systems.
The association of diminished quality of life of Afghan adults’ psychosocial wellbeing, in the era of the Taliban 2.0 government
Authors: Hanson-DeFusco Jessi , Sobolov Anton , Stanekzai Sami , McMaster Alexis , Popalzai Hamid , Shah Heer , Shi Min , Kumar Nandita
Published: January 2025

After the 2021 US withdrawal, a drastic transition of power coupled with international sanctions and the Islamic State-Taliban conflict led to growing issues of widespread economic hardships, food insecurity, stricter social policies, and changes to daily life. This 2023 study examines the association of diminished quality of life (DQOL) on the psychosocial wellbeing of Afghan adults living in-country under the Taliban- Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. Applying Solar & Irwin’s social determinants of health framework, we present the quantitative analysis of data collected from 873 Afghan respondents (ages 18–65) of a digital survey, using snowball sampling over social media. Data analysis examines the association between individual self-reported quality of life hardships and psychosocial stress symptoms (disaggregated and aggregated), disaggregated by demographics. Approximately nine-in-ten Afghans face DQOL correlates related to higher psychosocial stress (PSS). 72.9% (CI95% 69.8–76.0) of respondents self-report suffering food insecurity; 71.6% (CI 95% 68.3–74.8) poor access to needed healthcare. The extent to which Afghan men face limited household healthcare access is linked to higher PSS levels (χ2 = 117.10, p<0.001). A matching analysis of survey data indicates that Marginal Effects that lack of healthcare access increases the probability of stress by approximately 8%; experiencing the loss of loved ones also has a significant effect ranging from 9% to 11%; and experiencing threats of violence leads to a substantial increase in the probability of PSS, ranging from 34% to 36%. Qualitative data triangulate the statistical findings, provides intrinsic insight into Afghans’ daily experiences, and inform causal mechanisms related to share trauma experiences. The 2021 US withdrawal marked a turbulent political shift in Afghanistan that disrupted previous structural determinants of health, like gender and age. The political shift, international sanctions, and internal crises have worsened the humanitarian conditions affecting most Afghans, negatively impacting their physical and psychosocial wellbeing.
A new STI in the city: MPOX in Barcelona. First outbreak (5/2022-5/2023) and subsequent resurgence
Authors: Palma David , Guillaumes Montserrat , Pericas Carles , de Andrés Anna , Prieto Raquel , Álvarez-Bruned Laia , Ospina Jesús , Santiá Paula , García de Olalla Patricia , Rius Cristina
Published: January 2025

Background

In May 2022, after the suspension of the mobility restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the first outbreak of MPOX virus, transmitted from human to human, was detected outside of Africa, affecting mostly sexually active men who have sex with men. Our aim is to report the first outbreak of MPOX in Barcelona city in the period from 5/2022 to 5/2023 and the subsequent surge of cases in 8/2023.

Methods

We performed a descriptive study of all notified cases in city residents, obtained through epidemiological surveys. The analyses are presented for the hospitalized cases and the key population of men who have sex with men.

Results

Of 2037 notified cases, 82.6% were confirmed. The cumulative incidence in the general population was 1.03 (95%CI 1.00–1.06) per 1000 inhabitants and 2.13 (2.01–2.17) per 1000 in men. Men were older than women, with a median age of 37 years (interquartile range 31–43). While 84.5% of men reported having sex with partners of the same gender, 70.9% of women only reported sex with partners of the opposite gender. Complications occurred in 4.1% of infected persons, 1.6% required hospitalization, and no deaths were registered. Georeferencing was highly associated with gay venues. Gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) accounted for most cases and severe cases, and were associated with attending public sex venues and not providing contact tracing information. Digital and printed prevention campaign materials were developed for GBMSM.

Discussion

The 2022 MPOX outbreak posed a major challenge to surveillance and sexual health services worldwide. With new cases and re-infections on the rise, MPOX may become a regular infection to be incorporated in STI testing and management guidelines. Barcelona has some characteristics that may facilitate the occurrence and spread of emergencies related to sexual health.
Optimizing antibiotic stewardship and reducing antimicrobial resistance in Central Asia: A study protocol for evidence-based practice and policy
Authors: Lim Lisa , Kassym Laura , Kussainova Assiya , Aubakirova Bibigul , Semenova Yuliya
Published: January 2025

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global health challenge, prompting the World Health Organization (WHO) to stress the importance of monitoring antibiotic consumption and sales to address AMR effectively. This study protocol aims to optimize antibiotic stewardship and combat AMR in Central Asia through evidence-based practices and policies. The protocol includes objectives such as conducting systematic reviews of interventions to promote judicious antibiotic use, assessing antibiotic consumption trends, and investigating antibiotic overuse practices among healthcare providers. The study aims to raise awareness among stakeholders to enhance appropriate antibiotic prescribing practices. By establishing regulatory frameworks, monitoring policies’ effectiveness, and providing training programs for healthcare professionals, this study seeks to contribute to the global efforts in combating AMR and promoting prudent antibiotic use.
The gender gap in STEM: (Female) teenagers’ ICT skills and subsequent career paths
Authors: Hertweck Friederike , Lehner Judith
Published: January 2025

Skills shortage in the fields of Sciences, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) poses a significant challenge for industries globally. To overcome shortage of STEM talent, the selection into STEM fields must be fully understood. We contribute to existing research on the selection of STEM careers by analysing the interplay between teenagers’ proficiency in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and their career preferences in the STEM domain. Based on representative data for German teenagers, our study shows that female teenagers are less likely to choose a career in STEM unless they have strong ICT skills in secondary school. The relationship does not hold for male students. An increase in girls’ ICT skills by 10 percentage points in ninth grade is associated with an increase in the probability to choose a STEM career by 2.95 percentage points. Our findings can be explained with evidence that teenagers sort into occupations they believe to be good at and that female teenagers rather underestimate their true potential. Using different empirical approaches, we also show that ICT skills act as a moderator and not as a mediator in the gender-specific choice of training upon graduating from secondary school. By addressing the interplay between gender, ICT skills, and educational choices, the present study uncovers an additional lever of how to mitigate skills shortage in STEM.
Half logistic exponentiated inverse Rayleigh distribution: Properties and application to life time data
Authors: Kamnge Juma Salehe , Chacko Manoj
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a novel extension of the exponentiated inverse Rayleigh distribution called the half-logistic exponentiated inverse Rayleigh distribution. This extension improves the flexibility of the distribution for modeling lifetime data for both monotonic and non-monotonic hazard rates. The statistical properties of the half-logistic exponentiated inverse Rayleigh distribution, such as the quantiles, moments, reliability, and hazard function, are examined. In particular, we provide several techniques to estimate the half-logistic exponentiated inverse Rayleigh distribution parameters: weighted least squares, Cramér-Von Mises, maximum likelihood, maximum product spacings and ordinary least squares methods. Moreover, numerical simulations were performed to evaluate these estimation methods for both small and large samples through Monte Carlo simulations, and the finding reveals that the maximum likelihood estimation was the best among all estimation methods since it comprises small mean square error compared to other estimation methods. We employ real-world lifetime data to demonstrate the performance of the newly generated distribution compared to other distributions through practical application. The results show that the half-logistic exponentiated inverse Rayleigh distribution performs better than alternative versions of the Rayleigh distributions.
Metastatic melanoma: An integrated analysis to identify critical regulators associated with prognosis, pathogenesis and targeted therapies
Authors: Chaharlashkar Zeinab , Saeedi Honar Yousof , Abdollahpour-Alitappeh Meghdad , Parvizpour Sepideh , Barzegar Abolfazl , Alizadeh Effat
Published: January 2025

Metastatic melanoma causes a high rate of mortality. We conducted an integrated analysis to identify critical regulators associated with the prognosis, pathogenesis, and targeted therapies of metastatic-melanoma. A microarray dataset, GSE15605, including 12 metastatic-melanoma and sixteen normal skin (NS) samples, were obtained from the GEO database. After exploration of DEGs of NS and metastatic-melanoma, identification of relevant transcription factors (TFs) and kinases, the Gene Ontology (GO), and pathways analyses of DEGs were performed. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were evaluated by the STRING and Cytoscape. Subsequently, the hub genes were selected using GEPIA. Survival analysis was performed using the TCGA. To identify microRNA and lncRNA DEGs of the melanoma-associated genes miRwalk and FANTOM6 were employed. In metastatic-melanoma samples 285 and 1173 genes were up and down-regulated, respectively. The upregulated genes were mostly involved in granulocyte chemotaxis, positive regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport, and melanin biosynthetic process. Five hub genes including CXCL11, ICAM1, LEF1, MITF, and STAT1 were identified, SUZ12, SOX2, TCF3, NANOG, and SMAD4 were determined as the most significant TFs in metastatic-melanoma. Furthermore, CDK2, GSK3B, CSNK2A1, and CDK1 target the highest amounts of genes associated with disease. The DGIdb analysis results show the match drugs for five hub genes. MiRNAs analysis revealed hsa-miR-181c-5p, hsa-miR-30b-3p, hsa-miR-3680-3P, hsa-miR-4659a-3p, hsa-miR-4687-3P, and hsa-miR-6808-3P could regulate the hub genes, whereas RP11-553K8.5 and SRP14-AS1 were identified as the top significant lncRNA. The items recognized in the current study can be used as potential biomarkers for diagnostic, predictive, and might helpful to develop targeted combined therapies.
Multiview attention networks for fine-grained watershed categorization via knowledge distillation
Authors: Gong Huimin , Zhang Cheng , Teng Jinlin , Liu Chunqing
Published: January 2025

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, an increasing number of village-related modeling problems have been addressed. However, first, the exploration of village-related watershed fine-grained classification problems, particularly the multi-view watershed fine-grained classification problem, has been hindered by dataset collection limitations; Second, village-related modeling networks typically employ convolutional modules for attentional modeling to extract salient features, yet they lack global attentional feature modeling capabilities; Lastly, the extensive number of parameters and significant computational demands render village-related watershed fine-grained classification networks infeasible for end-device deployment. To tackle these challenges, we introduce a multi-view attention mechanism designed for precise watershed classification, leveraging knowledge distillation techniques, abbreviated as MANet-KD. Specifically, first, we have developed the inaugural multi-view watershed classification dataset, termed MVWD.Second, we introduce a cross-view attention module (CVAM), which models salient features from intersecting views with global attention, enhancing the accuracy and precision of watershed classification. This module enhances fine-grained classification accuracy. Based on the above proposed CVAM, we propose a heavyweight MANet-Teacher and a lightweight MANet-Student, and finally, we introduce an Attention Knowledge Distillation (AKD) strategy that effectively transfers critical feature knowledge from the teacher network to the student network, utilizing the AKD approach for enhanced learning outcomes. The experimental results show that the proposed MANet-Teacher achieves state-of-the-art performance with 78.51% accuracy, and the proposed MANet-Student achieves comparable performance to MANet-Teacher with 6.64M parameters and 1.68G computation. The proposed MANet-KD achieves a good balance of performance and efficiency in the multi-view fine-grained watershed classification task. To facilitate further research in multi-view fine-grained watershed classification, all datasets, codes, and benchmark outcomes will be made available to the public. https://github.com/Jack13026212687/MANet-KD.
Extraction of coronary thrombus-derived exosomes from patients with acute myocardial infarction and its effect on the function of adventitial cells
Authors: He Youfu , Wang Bo , Qian Yu , Liu Debin , Wu Qiang
Published: January 2025

Background

Type I acute myocardial infarction (T1MI) has a very high morbidity and mortality rate. The role of thrombus-derived exosomes (TEs) in T1MI is unclear.

Methods

The objective of this study was to identify the optimal thrombolytic drug and concentration for extracting TEs. To this end, a series of time and concentration combinations were tested. Subsequently, the effect of TEs on thrombus-adjacent cells was investigated. Finally, we conducted lncRNA microarray analysis on the extracted TEs (GSE213115).

Results

TEs has been demonstrated to promote necrosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis of human cardiomyocytes, while inhibiting the proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Furthermore, TEs can stimulate the proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells, and induce a transformation from a contractile to a secretory phenotype. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that five lncRNAs, AC068418.2, AC010186.3, AL031430.1, AC121333.1, and AL136526.1, exhibited significant differential expression in TE and regulated cell autophagy and ferroptosis by directly binding to TP53, TP63, and RELA, respectively.

Conclusions

We demonstrate that TEs as a potential target and research direction for the treatment of heart failure after T1MI. TEs may regulate ferroptosis and autophagy in thrombus-adjacent cells through the enrichment of certain lncRNAs.
UAV target tracking method based on global feature interaction and anchor-frame-free perceptual feature modulation
Authors: Dan Yuanhong , Li Jinyan , Jin Yu , Ji Yong , Wang Zhihao , Cheng Dong
Published: January 2025

Target tracking techniques in the UAV perspective utilize UAV cameras to capture video streams and identify and track specific targets in real-time. Deep learning UAV target tracking methods based on the Siamese family have achieved significant results but still face challenges regarding accuracy and speed compatibility. In this study, in order to refine the feature representation and reduce the computational effort to improve the efficiency of the tracker, we perform feature fusion in deep inter-correlation operations and introduce a global attention mechanism to enhance the model’s field of view range and feature refinement capability to improve the tracking performance for small targets. In addition, we design an anchor-free frame-aware feature modulation mechanism to reduce computation and generate high-quality anchors while optimizing the target frame refinement computation to improve the adaptability to target deformation motion. Comparison experiments with several popular algorithms on UAV tracking datasets, such as UAV123@10fps, UAV20L, and DTB70, show that the algorithm balances speed and accuracy. In order to verify the reliability of the algorithm, we built a physical experimental environment on the Jetson Orin Nano platform. We realized a real-time processing speed of 30 frames per second.
Single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing analysis reveals CENPA as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in cancers
Authors: Liu Hengrui , Karsidag Miray , Chhatwal Kunwer , Wang Panpan , Tang Tao
Published: January 2025

Background

Cancer remains one of the most significant public health challenges worldwide. A widely recognized hallmark of cancer is the ability to sustain proliferative signaling, which is closely tied to various cell cycle processes. Centromere Protein A (CENPA), a variant of the standard histone H3, is crucial for selective chromosome segregation during the cell cycle. Despite its importance, a comprehensive pan-cancer bioinformatic analysis of CENPA has not yet been conducted.

Methods

Data on genomes, transcriptomes, and clinical information were retrieved from publicly accessible databases. We analyzed CENPA’s genetic alterations, mRNA expression, functional enrichment, association with stemness, mutations, expression across cell populations and cellular locations, link to the cell cycle, impact on survival, and its relationship with the immune microenvironment. Additionally, a prognostic model for glioma patients was developed to demonstrate CENPA’s potential as a biomarker. Furthermore, drugs targeting CENPA in cancer cells were identified and predicted using drug sensitivity correlations and protein-ligand docking.

Results

CENPA exhibited low levels of gene mutation across various cancers. It was found to be overexpressed in nearly all cancer types analyzed in TCGA, relative to normal controls, and was predominantly located in the nucleus of malignant cells. CENPA showed a strong association with the cancer cell cycle, particularly as a biomarker for the G2 phase. It also emerged as a valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker across multiple cancer types. In glioma, CENPA demonstrated reliable prognostic potential when used alongside other prognostic factors. Additionally, CENPA was linked to the immune microenvironment. Drugs such as CD-437, 3-Cl-AHPC, Trametinib, BI-2536, and GSK461364 were predicted to target CENPA in cancer cells.

Conclusion

CENPA serves as a crucial biomarker for the cell cycle in cancers, offering both diagnostic and prognostic value.
Protective effects of Euphorbia heterophylla against testicular degeneration in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats in relation to phytochemical profile
Authors: Nagy Ahmed M. , Fahmy Heba A. , Abdel-Hameed Mohamed F. , Taher Rehab F. , Ali Alaa M. , Amin Mohamed M. , Afifi Sherif M. , Esatbeyoglu Tuba , Farag Mohamed A. , Elshamy Abdelsamed I.
Published: January 2025

Background

Diabetes mellitus (DM) poses a major risk to human health due to an array of implications, one of which is a detrimental effect on the testicular and reproductive functions. Euphorbia heterophylla is widely recognized for its medicinal properties worldwide.

Methods and findings

The objective of this study was to profile E. heterophylla ethanol extract (EH-EtOH) and elucidate its protective role in oxidative stress, relieving inflammatory action of hyperglycemia-induced testicular degeneration and restoring the normal histological structure with physiological properties of testicular tissue in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM. High-resolution ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap-MS) analysis was employed to analyze the compounds present in EH-EtOH. The protective effect of EH-EtOH against testicular degeneration in the rat model of DM was evaluated by measuring improvements in blood glucose levels, body weight, testicular inflammation, oxidative damage, testicular microcirculation impairment, and apoptosis of testicular cells induced by STZ. The chemical profiling of EH-EtOH revealed the presence of 52 compounds, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, coumarins, phloroglucinols, and triterpenes. Notably, this study identified isovitexin-C-hexoside, isorhamnetin-O-hexoside, diosmetin, and halfordin for the first time in Euphorbia species. Treatment with EH-EtOH effectively mitigated the damage caused by STZ, as evidenced by restored testosterone (T4) levels and antioxidant capacity, reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, improved testicular microcirculation, and inhibition of apoptosis in the testes.

Conclusions

These results emphasize the potential therapeutic effect of E. heterophylla on DM related to male infertility and reproductive dysfunctions via its antioxidant/angiogenetic /anti-apoptotic effect.
Long-term excessive salt consumption alters villous and crypt morphology and the protein expression of uroguanylin, TRPV6 and PMCA1b in the rat small intestine
Authors: Thonapan Natchayaporn , Wongdee Kannikar , Aksornthong Sirion , Teerapornpuntakit Jarinthorn , Tiyasatkulkovit Wacharaporn , Panupinthu Nattapon , Charoenphandhu Narattaphol
Published: January 2025

Although long-term high dietary sodium consumption often aggravates hypertension and bone loss, sodium in the intestinal lumen has been known to promote absorption of nutrients and other ions, e.g., glucose and calcium. However, whether high-salt diet (HSD) altered mucosal morphology, villous cell turnover and calcium transporter expression remained elusive. Herein, rats were treated with HSD containing 8% wt/wt NaCl for up to 5 months. HSD rats exhibited a marked increase in sodium intake with high fecal and urinary sodium excretion, as compared to the control group treated with normal diet. Intestinal histomorphometry revealed increasing of crypt depth and villous height in 3- and 4-month HSD groups, respectively, consistent with larger mucosal-to-serosal amplification ratio that reflected an increased surface area for nutrient absorption. The signals of Ki-67-positive cells was enhanced in the crypts as visualized by multiphoton fluorescence microscopy, whereas the TUNEL-positive cells were decreased in the villi of HSD, suggesting greater crypt cell proliferation and a reduction of villous cell apoptosis. Confocal microscopy showed higher expression of TRPV6 protein in the villous tip of HSD, while PMCA1 expression was increased in villous tip and crypt areas. The percentage of cells with highly expressed uroguanylin—an endogenous intestinal natriuretic peptide—was significantly higher in HSD group. In conclusion, HSD profoundly changed the intestinal morphology and turnover of epithelial cell, increased the expression of calcium transporters and uroguanylin. Our findings reflect pathophysiological adaptations in the intestine, which might be another target organ for drug discovery against HSD-induced osteopathy in the future.
A Study on the Latent Risk Diagnostic Method for Anticipating Large-scale Accidents
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Lee Keonwoo , Kim Jaehan , Kim Yuna , Kim Sungsoo
Published: January 2025

As Korea's safety environment changes due to the development of new technologies, social structural changes, and the natural environment, accidents are expanding into large-scale accidents that require a national response. Safety environment changes have a significant impact on the occurrence of large-scale accidents, it is necessary to identify latent risk factors. In this study, we propose a latent risk diagnosis method as a basic research for anticipating large-scale accidents. For this purpose, we derived four multi-layered latent risk factors based on theories and legal and institutional frameworks. Then we defined the concept of latent risk factors and proposed a diagnostic model. To verify the feasibility of the proposed diagnostic method, it was applied to large-scale accidents that occurred in the past. As a results, it confirmed the existence of the latent risk factors of the accidents. Diagnostic method is expected to be utilized to anticipate large-scale accidents by identifying latent risk factors in advance.
The Effects of Stress and Health-Promoting Behaviors on Career Preparation Behaviors among University Students after COVID-19
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Choi Hyang Sook
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to examine the effects of employment-related characteristics, stress, and health-promoting behaviors on career preparation behaviors among university students after COVID-19. The subjects were 120 university students, and the study was conducted from May 2 to May 10, 2024. The collected data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis with the SPSS 29.0 program. The results showed a positive correlation between stress and health-promoting behaviors, a positive correlation between health-promoting behaviors and career preparation behaviors, and no correlation between stress and career preparation behaviors. The multiple regression analysis indicated that regular admissions (β = .210, p < .01), employment preparation experience (β = .187, p < .05), higher stress levels (β = .163, p < .05), and higher health-promoting behaviors (β = .461, p < .001) were associated with higher career preparation behaviors. Therefore, based on the results of this study, career support programs that consider stress and health-promoting behaviors should be developed.
The Effect of Online Counseling Using Self-Expressive Writing on Stress Events among College Students
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Jeon Se Yeon , Jang Eun Young
Published: January 2025

This study explored the effect of online counseling using expressive writing on stress events among college students. For this purpose, an online counseling program was created based on Pennebaker's expressive writing model and the instructions consisting of ‘Exposure-Devaluation-Giving meaning’. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0, and the results of the study showed that stress decreased significantly after a certain period of time, and depression decreased significantly in the group participating in self-expressive writing. In addition, the results of exploring cognitive processing showed that the self-expressive writing group used more cognitive emotion regulation strategies to reinterpret stress events. This study shows that a writing strategy focused on self-disclosure can be effective as a way to reduce the negative effects of daily stress events in a relatively short period of time online. Finally, the limitations of the study and future research tasks were discussed.
A Study on Simulation of Flood Discharge in Samcheok Osipcheon Basin Using Machine Learning
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, An Sung Wook , Lee Byung Hyun , Jun Weon Hyouk , Kim Byung Sik
Published: January 2025

Climate change increases the frequency and intensity of heavy rainfall events, runoff and evapotranspiration, and expands the range and damage caused by natural hazards. Physical models typically used for water resource management are difficult to construct and, depending on the user. To remedy these problems, in this study, flood runoff was simulated at the Ohsipcheon River in Samcheok. In order to simulate the flood runoff, hourly observed runoff from the Ohsipcheon Bridge in Samcheok and rainfall data from five meteorological stations (Taebaek, Dogye, Singi, Samcheok, and Donghae) were collected. In order to propose an AI model that can reflect the observed runoff, we applied a lag time of 9, 8, and 6 hours to train the LSTM model at Taebaek, Dogye, and Singi stations, respectively. As a result, the NPEs for July 2011, July 2012 and August 2020 were 0.03, 0.2 and 0.2, respectively, and the simulated peak flow and arrival time were similar to the observed data, which is expected to play an important role in AI modeling in the field of water resources.
Reproductive medicine news. Digest of publications, issue 5
Authors: Barmina I. I.
Published: January 2025

This issue of reproductive medicine news presents current research and data from reviews and meta-analyses on the study and innovative methods of treating diseases of the reproductive system, presented in leading international periodicals
Barokní „světová kronika“ Andrease Augustina Fiedlera jako málo známý kulturněhistorický pramen
Authors: Wolf Jiří
Published: January 2025

In this contribution, the seldom investigated manuscript by a Chomutov burgess Andreas Augustin Fiedler († 1690) is placed in the context of Central European historiography. Subsequently, I outline the spatiotemporal coordinates of his chronicle and examine some of patchy and inconsistent information regarding places and times in the manuscript. In this connection, there emerge the following questions: Which events in the world’s history did Fielder find especially interesting? What areas were surveyed by spiritual vision of the small-town chronicler? How did Fiedler view the space of the night sky full of premonitions, praesagia? How did the Fiedler’s imagination handle the phenomena that were, in his view, harbingers of future events, such as comets and other celestial signs or ‘monstrous’ children?
Anatomické ilustrace spisu Leonarda Ferdinanda Meisnera z Löwenberku
Authors: Vymazalová Marie
Published: January 2025

This contribution is dedicated to a set of anatomical drawings preserved in the manuscript of Leonard Ferdinand Meisner from 1690. Meisner’s work was based on the lectures by a Prague physician and university teacher Joannes Antonio Cassinis de Bugella. The anatomical drawings are analysed in the context of other surviving drawings in Czech collections. The context of their origin, sources of inspiration, and artistic qualities are also dealt. The drawings were not created as records of dissections performed during university lectures; rather, they served as a supplementary teaching material accompanying a tractate on anatomy. They are the work of several hands, and their quality varies.