bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of medication adherence of chronic hypertensive patients in Pakistani community via open survey method
Authors: Abbas Sameen , Noor Maida , Masood Ahmad Jalal , Ahmed Ejaz , Shakeel Arooba , Ali Muhammad Saad , Rizwan Usama , Kamran Sohail
Published: October 2024

Aim: Hypertension, a prevalent chronic condition, significantly contributes to cardiovascular diseases worldwide. Effective management of hypertension is highly dependent on patient adherence to prescribed medications, as the correct dose at the right time can lead to desirable therapeutic results. This study aims to analyze medication adherence among hypertensive patients in Islamabad and Rawalpindi through an open survey. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from 17th March 2024 to 30th May 2024, targeting hypertensive populations in Islamabad and Rawalpindi. 246 patients were recruited using a sample size formula, and a General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS) questionnaire was used to collect data. All the tests were conducted as two-sided, with a significance level of P < 0.05 using Python. Results: Among 246 participants (mean age 57.1 years), most were married, literate, and living with families, 63% were from Islamabad, and 78.9% were employed. The study found high adherence in behavior-related areas but low adherence due to costs. Gender showed a statistically significant correlation (P = 0.03) by independent t-test. At the same time, ANOVA tests revealed that educational level (P = 0.02), monthly income (P = 0.001), family support (P = 0.04), and medication costs (P = 0.001) significantly impacted adherence, while factors like social status, employment status, and smoking did not have a considerable influence. Conclusions: 72.4% of patients adhered to their prescribed therapy, and 27.6% did not highlight a critical issue that requires urgent intervention. Variables like gender, educational status, social status, occupation, and living with family are strongly associated with adherence. Common problems include taking multiple medications, lack of awareness about the importance of adherence, and financial constraints.
Trypsin in pancreatitis: The culprit, a mediator, or epiphenomenon?
Authors: Gukovskaya Anna S , Lerch Markus M , Mayerle Julia , Sendler Matthias , Ji Baoan , Saluja Ashok K , Gorelick Fred S , Gukovsky Ilya
Published: October 2024

Pancreatitis is a common, life-threatening inflammatory disease of the exocrine pancreas. Its pathogenesis remains obscure, and no specific or effective treatment is available. Gallstones and alcohol excess are major etiologies of pancreatitis; in a small portion of patients the disease is hereditary. Pancreatitis is believed to be initiated by injured acinar cells (the main exocrine pancreas cell type), leading to parenchymal necrosis and local and systemic inflammation. The primary function of these cells is to produce, store, and secrete a variety of enzymes that break down all categories of nutrients. Most digestive enzymes, including all proteases, are secreted by acinar cells as inactive proforms (zymogens) and in physiological conditions are only activated when reaching the intestine. The generation of trypsin from inactive trypsinogen in the intestine plays a critical role in physiological activation of other zymogens. It was proposed that pancreatitis results from proteolytic autodigestion of the gland, mediated by premature/ inappropriate trypsinogen activation within acinar cells. The intra-acinar trypsinogen activation is observed in experimental models of acute and chronic pancreatitis, and in human disease. On the basis of these observations, it has been considered the central pathogenic mechanism of pancreatitis - a concept with a century-old history. This review summarizes the data on trypsinogen activation in experimental and genetic rodent models of pancreatitis, particularly the more recent genetically engineered mouse models that mimic mutations associated with hereditary pancreatitis; analyzes the mechanisms mediating trypsinogen activation and protecting the pancreas against its’ damaging effects; discusses the gaps in our knowledge, potential therapeutic approaches, and directions for future research. We conclude that trypsin is not the culprit in the disease pathogenesis but, at most, a mediator of some pancreatitis responses. Therefore, the search for effective therapies should focus on approaches to prevent or normalize other intra-acinar pathologic processes, such as defective autophagy leading to parenchymal cell death and unrelenting inflammation.
Abnormally activated wingless/integrated signaling modulates tumor-associated macrophage polarization and potentially promotes hepatocarcinoma cell growth
Authors: Wang Wei-Lu , Tam Paul Kwong Hang , Chen Yan
Published: October 2024

In this article, we comment on the article by Huang et al . The urgent development of new therapeutic strategies targeting macrophage polarization is critical in the fight against liver cancer. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), primarily of the M2 subtype, are instrumental in cellular communication within the tumor microenvironment and are influenced by various signaling pathways, including the wingless/integrated (Wnt) pathway. Activation of the Wnt signaling pathway is pivotal in promoting M2 TAMs polarization, which in turn can exacerbate hepatocarcinoma cell proliferation and migration. This manuscript emphasizes the burgeoning significance of the Wnt signaling pathway and M2 TAMs polarization in the pathogenesis and progression of liver cancer, highlighting the potential therapeutic benefits of inhibiting the Wnt pathway. Lastly, we point out areas in Huang et al ’s study that require further research, providing guidance and new directions for similar studies.
Contribution of gut microbiota to the development of Crohn's disease: Insights gained from fecal microbiota transplantation studies in mice
Authors: Wang Jin , Meng Yao , Guo Zhi-Guo
Published: October 2024

We would like to present some new thoughts on the publication in the journal published in August 2024 in World Journal of Gastroenterology . We specifically focused on the alterations in the intestinal tract, mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT), and systemic inflammatory changes in mice following fecal flora transplantation into a mouse model of Crohn's disease (CD). Accumulating evidence suggests that the occurrence of CD is influenced by environmental factors, host immune status, genetic susceptibility, and flora imbalance. One microbiota-based intervention, fecal microbiota transplantation, has emerged as a potential treatment option for CD. The MAT is considered a "second barrier" around the inflamed intestine. The interaction between gut microbes and inflammatory changes in MAT has attracted considerable interest. In the study under discussion, the authors transplanted fetal fecal microorganisms from patients with CD and clinically healthy donors, respectively, into 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced CD mice. The research explored the complex interplay between MAT, creeping fat, inflammation, and intestinal flora in CD by evaluating intestinal and mesenteric lesions, along with the systemic inflammatory state in the mice. This article provides several important insights. First, the transplantation of intestinal flora holds significant potential as a therapeutic strategy for CD, offering hope for patients with CD. Second, it presents a novel approach to the diagnosis and treatment of CD: The inflammatory response in CD could potentially be assessed through pathological or imaging changes in the MAT, and CD could be treated by targeting the inflammation of the MAT.
Понятие права в теоретико-правовой системе Г. В. Ф. Гегеля
Authors: Афанасьевский В.Л.
Published: October 2024

Предметом исследования статьи является взаимоотношение понятия права и гегелевской философско-правовой системы. Перед рассмотрением проблемы по существу автор сделал некоторые вводные замечания, в которых он раскрыл трактовку Гегелем основных понятий и методологических представлений трактата «Философия права». Автор показывает, что Гегель исходил из особого типа предметного опыта, а именно его интересует духовный смысл правовых и нравственных представлений. Немецкий мыслитель видит задачу философии в предметном усвоении глубин сущности права, нравственности и государства, а также в определении их места в самоосвобождении и саморазвитии абсолютного духа. В философско-правовом учении Гегеля право предстает в качестве действительного осуществления свободной воли. Автор акцентирует внимание на том факте, что гегелевское учение о праве в своих основаниях принципиально отличается от установок философов-просветителей XVIII столетия. Понятие права основывается на всеобщей воле. Развитие права Гегелем рассматривается в образе исторического развития, посредством которого раскрывается логика самораскрытия понятия права. Стадиями этого логического развития, по Гегелю, являются область абстрактного права, сфера морали и стадия нравственности, через которые осуществляется логическая траектория развития понятия в его философской системе, а именно – от абстрактного понятия к конкретному понятию.

The subject of the article is the relationship between the concept of law and Hegel's philosophical and legal system. Before considering the problem in essence, the author made some introductory remarks, in which he revealed Hegel's treatment of the main concepts and methodological ideas of the treatise «Philosophy of Law». The author shows that Hegel proceeded from a special type of subject experience, namely he is interested in the spiritual meaning of legal and moral concepts. The German thinker sees the task of philosophy in the substantive assimilation of the depths of the essence of law, morality and the state, as well as to explicate their place in the self-release and self-development of the absolute spirit. In Hegel's philosophical and legal doctrine, law appears as a valid realization of free will. The author emphasizes the fact that Hegel's doctrine of law in its foundations is fundamentally different from the attitudes of philosophers-enlighteners of the XVIII century. The concept of law is based on the universal will. Hegel considers the development of law in the image of historical development, through which the logic of self-disclosure of the concept of law is revealed. The stages of this logical development, according to Hegel, are the sphere of abstract law, the sphere of morality and the stage of morality, through which the logical trajectory of the development of the Concept in his philosophical system is realized, namely, from an abstract concept to a concrete concept.
НЕРВНО-ПСИХИЧЕСКАЯ НЕУСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ ЛИЧНОСТИ КАК РИСК ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ДЕСТРУКТИВНОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ КУРСАНТОВ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ ФСИН РОССИИ)
Authors: Ежова О.Н. , Самойлик Н.А.
Published: October 2024

В статье рассматривается содержание понятия «нервно-психическая устойчивость»,анализируются последствия низкого уровня сформированности этого качества личности. Обосновывается негативное влияние нервно-психической неустойчивости на способность личности эффективно действовать как при чрезвычайных обстоятельствах, так и в сложных жизненных ситуациях. Анализируются результаты эмпирического исследования личностных качеств курсантов первого курса, на основании которых принимается решение о включении их в группу повышенного внимания (акцентуация характера, агрессивность и нервно-психическая неустойчивость). Приводятся основания для рассмотрения вопроса о включении курсантов в группу повышенного внимания, а также основания, по которым курсанты образовательных организаций ФСИН России включаются в группу повышенного внимания, и ранжирование значимости мишеней воздействия. Рассматриваются качества личности курсантов, представляющие собой риск для формирования у них деструктивного поведения. На основании полученных результатов приводятся рекомендации по особенностям взаимодействия с курсантами, имеющими низкий уровень нервно-психической неустойчивости. Материалы проведенного исследования могут быть использованы психологами, офицерами-воспитателями, преподавателями, руководителями и другими заинтересованными лицами, осуществляющими воспитательную работу с курсантами, включенными в группу повышенного внимания, и их психологическое сопровождение.

The content of the «neuropsychic stability» concept, analyzes the consequences of a low level of formation of this personality quality are examined. The negative impact of neuropsychiatric instability on the ability of a person to act effectively both in emergency circumstances and in difficult life situations is substantiated. The results of an empirical study of the personal qualities of first-year cadets are analyzed, on the basis of which a decision is made to include them in a group of increased attention (accentuation of character, aggressiveness and neuropsychiatric instability). There will be grounds for considering the inclusion of cadets in the group of increased attention, as well as the reasons why cadets of educational organizations of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia are included in the group of increased attention, and ranking the significance of targets of influence. The personality qualities of the cadets, which pose a risk for the formation of destructive behavior in them, are considered. Based on the results obtained, recommendations are given on the specifics of interaction with cadets with a low level of neuropsychiatric instability. The materials of the conducted research can be used by psychologists, officer educators, lecturers, heads and other interested persons engaged in educational work with cadets included in the group of increased attention, and their psychological support.
THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN ENSURING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: THE NEED TO INTEGRATE THE TECHNOLOGICAL SPHERE INTO A MODERN CONCEPT
Authors: Антипов Сергей Константинович
Published: October 2024

В статье рассматривается необходимость включения технологической сферы в концепцию устойчивого развития. Описаны её роль в экономическом росте, социальном благополучии и экологической безопасности. Подчёркивается важность инноваций для повышения эффективности использования ресурсов и адаптации к современным вызовам, включая изменение климата и цифровую трансформацию.

The article considers the need to include the technological sphere in the concept of sustainable development. Its role in economic growth, social well-being and environmental safety is described. The importance of innovation for improving resource efficiency and adapting to modern challenges, including climate change and digital transformation, is emphasized.
PROBLEMS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF STUDENTS OF SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
Authors: Мельников Яков Алексеевич
Published: October 2024

В статье обосновываются рекомендации по совершенствованию профессиональной подготовки на занятиях среди студентов среднего профессионального образования (далее - СПО). В результате исследования установлено, что современный уровень обучения будущих специалистов нуждается в модернизации и выработке эффективных моделей обучения.

The article substantiates recommendations for improving professional training in classes among students of secondary vocational education (hereinafter - SVE). As a result of the study, it was found that the current level of training for future specialists needs to be modernized and effective training models developed.
ENGINEERING-GEOLOGICAL ZONING OF THE FOUNDATION PROJECT ON SALINE SOILS OF KANLIKUL DISTRICT
Authors:   Intern-teacher of Karakalpak State University, Uzbekistan, Abatbaevna Aytbaeva Aygul
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the engineering-geological zoning of the foundation project on the saline soils of the Kanlikul district. The features of the region's geological and hydrogeological conditions, as well as the influence of soil salinity on the stability and durability of building structures, are considered. The methods of engineering-geological zoning used to assess the suitability of soils for construction are described. The article proposes solutions for designing foundations taking into account the specifics of saline soils, as well as measures to reduce the negative impact of salinization on construction sites. The work is aimed at improving design and construction practices in the region's complex geological conditions.
THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF INCREASING INVESTMENT ACTIVITY IN AGRICULTURE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KARAKALPAKSTAN
Authors:   2nd year doctoral student (PhD), Karakalpakstan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies, Uzbekistan, uli Djumaniyazov Ubbiniyaz Ismayl
Published: October 2024

Agriculture plays a pivotal role in the economy of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, yet it faces significant challenges that hinder investment activity. This article explores the main directions for enhancing agricultural investment in the region, emphasizing the importance of financial incentives, infrastructure development, technological innovation, and public-private partnerships. By examining the current state of agricultural investment and identifying barriers to growth, the article proposes targeted strategies to attract both domestic and foreign investments. Ultimately, increasing investment activity is essential for improving productivity, ensuring food security, and fostering economic resilience in the region.
IMPROVING THE PEDAGOGICAL SYSTEM OF TRAINING FUTURE PEDAGOGUES TO FORM THEIR LIFE SKILLS
Authors:   Head of the Department of Pedagogy of FargonaState University, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Uzbekistan, Ibragimovna Tuychieva Inoyatxon
Published: October 2024

This article explores strategies for improving the pedagogical system to effectively equip future educators with essential life skills. In today's dynamic and fast-evolving world, the importance of these skills is increasing as educators not only impart knowledge but also act as role models. The study emphasizes the role of practical, social, and emotional skills in pedagogy, outlining innovative training methods that enhance educators' personal and professional competence. The article concludes with recommendations for integrating life skills education within teacher training programs, fostering well-rounded development.
ADVANCEMENTS IN AIRLINE SECURITY: EVALUATING MACHINE LEARNING MODELS FOR THREAT DETECTION
Authors:   Department of Information Assurance and Cybersecurity, Gannon University, USA, Mahmud Fuad , Badruddowza Badruddowza ,   Department of Computer & Info Science, Gannon University, Erie, Pennsylvania, USA, Sarker Md Shohail Uddin ,   Department of Computer & Info Science, Gannon University, Erie, Pennsylvania, USA, Mamun Abdullah Al ,   Department of Computer & Info Science, Gannon University, Erie, Pennsylvania, USA, Alam Md Khorshed ,   Department of Professional Security Studies, New Jersey City University, Jersey City, New Jersey, USA, Hasan Md Tarek ,   Department of Professional Security Studies, New Jersey City University, Jersey City, New Jersey, USA, Choudhury Mashaeikh Zaman Md. Eftakhar ,   Master of Social Science in Security Studies, Bangladesh University of Professional (BUP), Dhaka, Bangladesh, Shorna Jannatul Ferdous ,   College of Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
Published: October 2024

This study assessed the performance of four machine learning algorithms—Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Neural Network (NN)—for predicting airline security threats using a dataset of 100,000 entries with 30 features. The models were evaluated based on accuracy, precision, recall, F1-Score, and AUC-ROC. The Neural Network achieved the highest performance, with an accuracy of 88%, precision of 86%, recall of 85%, F1-Score of 85.5%, and AUC-ROC of 0.90, demonstrating superior capability in capturing complex, non-linear patterns. The Random Forest model followed, with an accuracy of 85%, precision of 83%, recall of 82%, F1-Score of 82.5%, and AUC-ROC of 0.87, offering a robust and generalizable solution. The SVM model attained an accuracy of 81%, precision of 80%, recall of 78%, F1-Score of 79%, and AUC-ROC of 0.84, showing effective binary classification but with higher computational costs. The Decision Tree model, while interpretable, had the lowest performance metrics: accuracy of 78%, precision of 76%, recall of 72%, F1-Score of 74%, and AUC-ROC of 0.79. The results indicate that Neural Networks and Random Forests are the most effective models for airline security threat detection, with Neural Networks providing the highest overall accuracy and AUC-ROC.
PROSPECTS OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURAL REGULATION OF A CRIMINALIST PROSECUTOR’S ACTIVITY
Authors:   Senior teacher of the Law enforcement academy, Independent researcher of the Tashkent state university of law, Uzbekistan, Khalimovich Rajabov Bekhzod
Published: October 2024

This article analyzes issues related to criminal-procedural activities of prosecutor – criminalists, in particular, the views of foreign and national scientists on being the prosecutor-criminalist as the subject of proof and a participant in investigative actions, the experience of procedural activity regulation in the legislation of national and foreign states, as well as the proposals and recommendations for the implementation of this institute to the procedural legislation.
THE EFFECT OF COVID-19 ON E-LEARNING DELIVERY AS AN APPLICATION PROJECT IN RWANDAN HIGH SCHOOLS
Authors: OSWALD Dr. RUDAHIGWA
Published: October 2024

The study adopted descriptive research design using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Agent theory of E-Learning projects planning, and Project management theory of change were used in this study. The population involved in this was staff from NU Vision High School. The total population for this study was therefore composed by 214 persons. Purposive sampling technique was used to sample 139 respondents taken as sample size. Descriptive statistics with frequency distribution and correlation and regression analysis were used to analyse the data. Frequency tables were used to present the data to facilitate understanding and interpretation. The qualitative data was consolidated, analysed in terms of content and a narrative report was produced presenting the respondents' views on explore effect of COVID-19 on E-learning delivery: As an application of project based at NU Vision High School. The study will be a great important to the existing knowledge in E-Learning delivery and will contribute to increasing E-Learning projects planning standards amongst the project management professionals and the entire project industry. Findings indicated that of Access point, internet security database have an effect on E-Learning delivery in NU Vision High School. Besides, findings also revealed the coefficient of correlation equal to r= 0.802, p value=0.000. In this regard, regression analysis was used to conclude the results of the undertaken study and to provide some recommendations. This study recommends that prevent issues regarding the session security, NU Vision High School, should use session ID which is adequately long and unpredictable.
POLICE SOCIAL WORK CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: LAMIN SYLVESTER AMARA
Published: October 2024

Police social work is back to revitalization as there has been a growing demand for collaboration between police departments and social workers to intervene in mental and behavioral health crisis calls. Police departments usually deal with social control strategies and social workers primarily work on the social rehabilitation of individuals. This article describes the challenges and opportunities of police social work and offers models for strategic partnerships and collaborations. The paper also describes the significance of teaching police social work courses in programs accredited by the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) and encouraging social work students to do their practical education in police departments or work with police officers in crisis response teams.
PRIVATISATION AND COMMERCIALIZATION IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF POWER HOLDING COMPANY (PHCN) OF PUBLIC ENTERPRISES
Authors: OMACHI OLOBO , MOHAMMED USMAN
Published: October 2024

The study examines impact of privatization and commercialization of PHCN on Nigeria people. The paper utilized both primary and secondary sources of data and data collected were descriptively analyzed with a view to seeking answers to the broad question of the effect of privatization and commercialization of government-owned enterprises in Nigeria with reference to Power Holdings Company of Nigeria (PHCN), Benin Zone. The study engaged one hundred and fifty-four (154) respondents randomly selected from the five departments of PHCN, Benin. The findings revealed that PHCN has to contend with internal and external environmental hostilities and constraints such as poor funding of the enterprise, corruption, excessive control by the Federal Government, vandalization of its equipment by hoodlums, fraud, shady dealings, poor maintenance, erosion, and debts owed it and irregular rainfall. Government should examine and select the competent people who will handle private enterprises and not people of questionable character. Capturing the confidence of labour, building more power plants, staff training and motivation, monitoring of the privatization processes, transparency and accountability will check corruption, Government interference and recruitment by patronage. The paper concluded that electricity is the bedrock of socioeconomic development of any nation hence priority must be set for its full privatization and commercialization as it did to the national telecommunication carrier, NITEL, so than Nigerians can grow and develop like other nations such as Malaysia, Indonesia and India, which have almost same characteristics like Nigeria. Private-sector driven economy is key to this development and government must create this sector in Nigeria if it must grow and develop industrially, socially and politically.
Hengniu: Fast Bearing and High Yielding Coconut Varieties
Authors: Novarianto Hengky , Tulalo Meity A. , Mawardi Sukmawati , Mahayu Weda Makarti
Published: October 2024

Benefits of coconut varieties that stakeholders want are early bearing, high yielding, short stems, and slow growth for height. Most local tall coconut palms in Indonesia have stem height above 20 m, making it increasingly difficult to climb to harvest fruit or tapping sap thereby making the harvesting cost high. To breed varieties of desired characters, an evaluation trial was initiated in 2014 with BYD x MTT-S4, RAD x MTT-S4, and KHINA-1 as a control. The crossing was done in 2012 and seedlings planted in January 2014 at Mapanget Experimental Garden, Indonesian Palma Crops Research Institute, North Sulawesi. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) of three types of coconut hybrids, four replications with a plot size of 16 trees. Morphological observations were carried out on stem, crown and leaf characters, inflorescences and flowers, nut production, fruit components, copra, oil content, and fatty acid composition. The results of ANOVA analysis and statistical tests obtained those vegetative characters, such as stem circumference and number of leaf, generative characters namely the number of bunches, first flowering, and fruit production of these three crosses at the age of 4 years after planting, did not show a significant difference. The first initial flowering was in the coconut hybrid of RBD x MTT-S4, which is 26 months, followed by BYD x MTT-S4 in 32 months and KHINA-1 in 36 months after planting. The results of the analysis of fruit and copra production at the age of 5 years showed a significant increase between hybrid coconuts. The highest to lowest fruit production was obtained in BYD x MTT-S4 hybrid coconut, RBD x MTT-S4, KHINA-1, which were 64 nuts, 44 nuts and 26 nuts /palm respectively, or estimated copra production was 2.26 tons, 1.45 tons and 0.88 tons copra/ha. At 6 years old the harvest of fruits from the three hybrid coconuts is obtained sequentially 118 nuts, 99 nuts and 94 nuts/palm. While estimation of copra yield per hectare is found the highest in BYD x MTT-S4 hybrid coconut is 3.86 ton/ha/year and this yield differently significant compare with RBD x MTT-S4 is found 3.04 ton/ha/year, and control hybrid of KHINA-1, which is about 2.74 ton/ha/year. Based on the production potential, hence the estimated optimum production when aged over 10 years can reach more than 5 tons/ha/year. The hybrid coconut variety BYD x MTT-S4 is released in October 2019 under the name HENGNIU.
Analysis of Promotion Strategy in Building Branding and Product Sales
Authors: Nadila Nidya , Sukmarini Andi Vita , Mujahid Mujahid
Published: October 2024

This study aims to determine and analyze promotional strategies in building branding and product sales in the Rumah Catering culinary business located in Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection through in-depth interviews, observation and document study. The results showed that there are four promotional strategies out of five promotional strategies used or implemented by Rumah Catering, namely direct marketing, advertising, personal selling and sales promotion. Meanwhile, publicity/public relations has not been implemented by Rumah Catering. The main inhibiting factors affecting the implementation of all promotional strategies are the insufficient number of marketing personnel and limited budget and location coverage. In addition, the supporting factors that contribute to the success of promotional strategies at Rumah Catering are advertising and promotion, consumer readiness to buy products and the presence of competitors. This study provides input and recommendations for Rumah Catering culinary businesses to consider developing a more optimal promotional strategy in overcoming obstacles and utilizing existing supporting factors.
CONTROL SYSTEMS SYNTHESIS FOR ROBOTS ON THE BASE OF MACHINE LEARNING BY SYMBOLIC REGRESSION
Authors: Diveev Askhat , Konyrbaev Nurbek , Baishemirov Zharasbek , Galymzhankyzy Asem , Abdullayev Oralbek
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a novel numerical method for solving the control system synthesis problem through the application of machine learning techniques, with a particular focus on symbolic regression. Symbolic regression is used to automate the development of control systems by constructing mathematical expressions that describe control functions based on system data. Unlike traditional methods, which often require manual programming and tuning, this approach leverages machine learning to discover optimal control solutions. The paper introduces a general framework for machine learning in control system design, with an emphasis on the use of evolutionary algorithms to optimize the generated control functions. The key contribution of this research lies in the development of an algorithm based on the principle of small variations in the baseline solution. This approach significantly enhances the efficiency of discovering optimal control functions by systematically exploring the solution space with minimal adjustments. The method allows for the automatic generation of control laws, reducing the need for manual coding, which is especially beneficial in the context of complex control systems, such as robotics. To demonstrate the applicability of the method, the research applies symbolic regression to the control synthesis of a mobile robot. The results of this case study show that symbolic regression can effectively automate the process of generating control functions, significantly reducing development time while improving accuracy. However, the paper also acknowledges certain limitations, including the computational demands required for symbolic regression and the challenges associated with real-time implementation in highly dynamic environments. These issues represent important areas for future research, where further optimization and hybrid approaches may enhance the method's practicality and scalability in real-world applications.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MULTILINGUAL QA MODELS AND THEIR ADAPTATION TO THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE
Authors: Tleubayeva Arailym , Shomanov Aday
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a comparative analysis of large pretrained multilingual models for question-answering (QA) systems, with a specific focus on their adaptation to the Kazakh language. The study evaluates models including mBERT, XLM-R, mT5, AYA, and GPT, which were tested on QA tasks using the Kazakh sKQuAD dataset. To enhance model performance, fine-tuning strategies such as adapter modules, data augmentation techniques (back-translation, paraphrasing), and hyperparameter optimization were applied. Specific adjustments to learning rates, batch sizes, and training epochs were made to boost accuracy and stability. Among the models tested, mT5 achieved the highest F1 score of 75.72%, showcasing robust generalization across diverse QA tasks. GPT-4-turbo closely followed with an F1 score of 73.33%, effectively managing complex Kazakh QA scenarios. In contrast, native Kazakh models like Kaz-RoBERTa showed improvements through fine-tuning but continued to lag behind larger multilingual models, underlining the need for additional Kazakh-specific training data and further architectural enhancements. Kazakh’s agglutinative morphology and the scarcity of high-quality training data present significant challenges for model adaptation. Adapter modules helped mitigate computational costs, allowing efficient fine-tuning in resource-constrained environments without significant performance loss. Data augmentation techniques, such as back-translation and paraphrasing, were instrumental in enriching the dataset, thereby enhancing model adaptability and robustness. This study underscores the importance of advanced fine-tuning and data augmentation strategies for QA systems tailored to low-resource languages like Kazakh. By addressing these challenges, this research aims to make AI technologies more inclusive and accessible, offering practical insights for improving natural language processing (NLP) capabilities in underrepresented languages. Ultimately, these findings contribute to bridging the gap between high-resource and low-resource language models, fostering a more equitable distribution of AI solutions across diverse linguistic contexts.
Türkiye’deki İllerin Karayolları Trafik Risk Durumunun Entegre IDDWS-EDAS Yaklaşımıyla Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Aydın Umut
Published: October 2024

Son 10 yıllık kaza istatistikleri incelendiğinde Türkiye’de 1 yılda ortalama 5942 kişi trafik kazalarında hayatını kaybetmektedir. Trafik kazalarında kaybettiğimiz vatandaşlarımızın sayısı iller düzeyinde incelendiğinde durumun ilden ile önemli bir seviyede farklılaştığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında Türkiye’nin 81 ilinin karayolu trafik kazası verileri kullanılarak illerin risk durumu açısından birbirlerine göre durumları değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada illerde 2022 yılında gerçekleşen toplam trafik kazası sayısı, can kaybı ve yaralı sayısı değişkenlerinin yanı sıra bir milyon nüfus başına kaza sayısı, can kaybı, yaralı sayısı; bir milyon araç başına can kaybı ve yaralı sayısı ve bir milyon özel otomobil başına düşen can kaybı ve yaralı sayısı değişkenleri olmak üzere 10 değişken kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada illerin bu değişkenler kullanılarak risk durumlarına göre sıralanması için entegre IDDWS-EDAS yaklaşımından faydalanılmıştır. Değişkenlerin ağırlıkları IDDWS yaklaşımıyla hesaplandıktan sonra elde edilen ağırlıklardan faydalanarak EDAS yaklaşımıyla iller sıralanmıştır. Değişkenlerin ölçümündeki farklılıklar sebebiyle tüm değişkenlerin kullanıldığı, sadece toplam olarak elde edilen değişkenlerin kullanıldığı ve toplam olarak elde edilen kaza, yaralı ve can kaybı sayılarının analiz dışında bırakılarak kalan 7 değişkenin kullanıldığı 3 farklı analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir ve bulgular raporlanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda 2022 yılında İstanbul en yüksek trafik güvenliğine sahip il; Bingöl en riskli trafiğe sahip il olarak bulunmuştur.
Trafik Güvenliği ile İlgili Televizyonda Yayınlanan “Hız” Konulu Kamu Spotlarının İletişimsel Süreçte Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Erden Nazif Kutay
Published: October 2024

İnsan nüfusunun artması, yeni yerleşim alanlarının kurulması ve gelişen araç teknolojileri neticesinde ulaşım kapasitesi artmış ve önemli bir ihtiyaç haline gelmiştir. İhtiyaçlar doğrultusunda oluşan trafiğin güvenli bir şekilde sürdürülebilmesi ise en önemli konulardan biri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Gelişen teknolojiler ile araçların özellikleri ve konforları artış gösterirken daha süratli araçlar da gündelik yaşamda kullanılır olmuştur. Artan araç sayısı ve hız oranları da kaza sayısını tetiklemektedir. Hız minvalinde oluşan trafik kazalarının maddi zararlarının yanı sıra, ölümcül sonuçlara ulaşabileceği bilgisi neticesinde sürücülerin hız ile ilgili bilinç düzeyinin artırılması önemli bir gündem oluşturmaktadır. Sürücülere yönelik bilgilendirmeleri içeren kamu spotları çeşitli mecralarda yayımlanmaktadır. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada hız konu başlıklı kamu spotlarına odaklanılmıştır. “Hız” konulu kamu spotlarının iletişimsel süreçte nasıl değerlendirildiği, geçmişten günümüze gelen süreçte yayınlanan hız konulu kamu spotlarının farklılıkları, iletişim kuramlarının ve iletişim tekniklerinin hazırlanan kamu spotlarında nasıl kullanıldığı incelenmiştir. Çalışmada www.guvenlitrafik.gov.tr internet adresi üzerinde 01.01.2023-06.06.2024 tarihleri arasında bulunan “hız” konulu kamu spotları incelenmiştir. Genel değerlenme de hız ile ilgili yayımlanan kamu spotlarında ilgi çekiciliği ve izlenme oranlarını arttırıcılığı sağlamak için star effect, animasyon teknikleri, özel müzikler, gündelik hayattan görüntüler kullanılırken yazılı, görsel ve işitsel tüm öğeler etkin şekilde kullanıldığı anlaşılmıştır.
Zero Trust Security: Is it Optional?
Authors: Bansal Prashant
Published: October 2024

Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) is a cybersecurity model that authenticates and authorizes every interaction between a user or device and a network. It's based on the idea that "trust is good, but control is better", and assumes that all networks and traffic could be potential threats. ZTA goes beyond the traditional "trust but verify" approach, by treating every access request as potentially dangerous and requiring a thorough check before granting access. This is regardless of the requester's identity or location. Zero Trust is a security model that assumes nothing should be trusted automatically, even within a network. It requires all users, regardless of location, to be verified and authorized before accessing resources. This is achieved through strict security measures like multi-factor authentication, advanced endpoint protection, and robust identity management. Today, people expect to access applications and data anytime, anywhere. With the rise of cloud computing and IoT, the number of connected devices and potential attack points is growing. To protect data and networks, we need a new approach. This article explains what Zero Trust is and some of its key principles.
A Geodetic and Astrometric VLBI Experiment at 22/43/88/132 GHz
Authors: Xu Shuangjing , Jung Taehyun , Zhang Bo , Xu Ming Hui , Byun Do-Young , He Xuan , Sakai Nobuyuki , Titov Oleg , Shu Fengchun , Kim Hyo-Ryoung , Cho Jungho , Yoo Sung-Moon , Choi Byung-Kyu , Lee Woo Kyoung , Sun Yan , Mai Xiaofeng , Wang Guangli
Published: October 2024

Extending geodetic and astrometric Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations from traditional centimeter wavebands to millimeter wavebands offers numerous scientific potentials and benefits. However, it was considered quite challenging due to various factors, including the increased effects of atmospheric opacity and turbulence at millimeter wavelengths. Here, we present the results of the first geodetic-mode VLBI experiment, simultaneously observing 82 sources at 22/43/88/132 GHz (K/Q/W/D bands) using the Korean VLBI Network (KVN). We introduced the frequency phase transfer (FPT) method to geodetic VLBI analysis, an approach for calibrating atmospheric phase fluctuations at higher frequencies by transferring phase solutions from lower frequencies. With a 2 minute scan, FPT improved the signal-to-noise ratio of most fringes, some by over 100%, thereby enhancing the detection rate of weak sources at millimeter wavebands. Additionally, FPT reduced systematic errors in group delay and delay rate, with the weighted root mean squares (WRMS) of the postfitting residuals decreasing from 25.0 to 20.5 ps at the W band and from 39.3 to 27.6 ps at the D band. There were no notable differences observed in calibrating atmospheric phase fluctuations at the K band (WRMS = 12.4 ps) and Q band (WRMS = 11.8 ps). This experiment demonstrated that the millimeter waveband can be used for geodetic and astrometric applications with high precision.
MEDEA: A New Model for Emulating Radio Antenna Beam Patterns for 21 cm Cosmology and Antenna Design Studies
Authors: Hibbard Joshua J. , Nhan Bang D. , Rapetti David , Burns Jack O.
Published: October 2024

In 21 cm experimental cosmology, accurate characterization of a radio telescope’s antenna beam response is essential to measure the 21 cm signal. Computational electromagnetic (CEM) simulations estimate the antenna beam pattern and frequency response by subjecting the EM model to different dependencies, or beam hyperparameters, such as soil dielectric constant or orientation with the environment. However, it is computationally expensive to search all possible parameter spaces to optimize the antenna design or accurately represent the beam to the level required for use as a systematic model in 21 cm cosmology. We therefore present the Model for Emulating Directivities and Electric fields of Antennas (MEDEA), an emulator that rapidly and accurately generates far-field radiation patterns over a large hyperparameter space. MEDEA takes a subset of beams simulated by CEM software, spatially decomposes them into coefficients on a complete, linear basis, and then interpolates them to form new beams at arbitrary hyperparameters. We test MEDEA on an analytical dipole and two numerical beams motivated by upcoming lunar lander missions, and then employ MEDEA as a model to fit mock radio spectrometer data to extract covariances on the input beam hyperparameters. We find that the interpolated beams have rms relative errors of at most 10−2 using 20 input beams or less, and that fits to mock data are able to recover the input beam hyperparameters when the model and mock are derived from the same set of beams. When a systematic bias is introduced into the mock data, extracted beam hyperparameters exhibit bias, as expected. We propose several extensions to MEDEA to potentially account for such bias.
On the Nature of Nonthermal Broadening of Spectral Lines Observed by IRIS
Authors: Cho Kyuhyoun , De Pontieu Bart , Testa Paola
Published: October 2024

The origin of nonthermal broadening in solar spectra is one of the long-standing questions in solar physics. Various processes have been invoked—including unresolved flows, waves, and turbulent processes—but definitive answers are lacking. To investigate the physical processes responsible for nonthermal broadening, we examine its relation with the angle between the magnetic field and the line of sight in three different closed-field regions above plage regions at different locations on the solar disk. We obtained the nonthermal width of transition-region Si iv 1403 Å spectra observed in active regions by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, after subtraction of the thermal and instrumental line broadening. To investigate the dependence of the measured broadening on the viewing angle between the line of sight and magnetic field direction, we determined the magnetic field direction at transition-region heights using nonlinear force-free extrapolations based on the observed photospheric vector magnetic field taken by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. We found that the nonthermal broadening shows a correlation with downward motion (redshifts) and alignment between the magnetic field and the observer’s line-of-sight direction. Based on the observed correlations, we suggest that velocity gradients within plasma flowing down along the magnetic field may lead to a significant portion of the observed nonthermal broadening of transition-region spectral lines in closed fields above plage regions.
Formation and Eruption of a Hot Channel Magnetic Flux Rope in a Nested Double Null Magnetic System
Authors: Yao Surui , Shen Yuandeng , Zhou Chengrui , Liu Dongxu , Zhou Xinping
Published: October 2024

The coronal magnetic topology significantly affects the outcome of magnetic flux rope (MFR) eruptions. The recently reported nested double null magnetic system remains unclear as to how it affects MFR eruptions. Using observations from the New Vacuum Solar Telescope and the Solar Dynamics Observatory, we studied the formation and successful eruption of a hot channel MFR from NOAA active region AR 12173 on 2014 September 28. We observed that a hot channel MFR formed and erupted as a coronal mass ejection (CME), and the magnetic field of the source region was a nested double null magnetic system in which an inner magnetic null point system was nested by an outer fan–spine magnetic system. Observational analysis suggests that the origin of the MFR was due to magnetic reconnection at the inner null point, which was triggered by the photospheric swirling motions. The long-term shearing motion in the source region throughout around 26 hr might accumulate enough energy to power the eruption. Since previous studies showed that MFR eruptions from nested double null magnetic systems often result in weak jets and stalled or failed eruptions, it is hard to understand the generation of the large-scale CME in our case. A detailed comparison with previous studies reveals that the birth location of the MFR relative to the inner null point might be the critical physical factor for determining whether an MFR can erupt successfully or not in such a particular nested double null magnetic system.
Pour une clarification de la place des personnes intervenant dans le domaine de la santé : Plaidoyer pour un titre de « Praticien et praticienne de santé »
Authors: Payrau Bernard , Pelsy Claude-Yves
Published: October 2024

Le développement des pratiques de santé en France suscite de nombreuses interrogations, notamment sur la sécurité des personnes consultantes. Aujourd'hui, 71 % des Français utilisent ces pratiques. D'autres pays européens ont légalisé et sécurisé certaines de ces pratiques. La proposition de créer un titre de praticien et praticienne de santé, validé par un certificat de compétence en santé garantirait la sécurité des personnes consultantes. Elle permettrait aux praticiens et praticiennes de santé de communiquer efficacement avec le corps médical, améliorant la structuration des soins et la synergie entre les différents intervenants. Ce titre intégré dans le cadre légal français pourrait renforcer la régulation des pratiques de santé intégrative en France et rejoindre l’harmonisation en cours au niveau de l’Europe.
La Loi française face à l’ambiguïté du soin
Authors: Kozma Aline
Published: October 2024

Contexte : Le recours aux pratiques de soins non conventionnelles concerne une large proportion de la population en France. Certaines sont utilisées par des professionnels de santé et sont intégrées aux soins conventionnels. D’autres sont pratiquées en totale autonomie. La question de l’implication de l’État et de représentants de chaque profession non réglementée dans une formation à la médecine intégrative et certaines pratiques non conventionnelles est cependant débattue en France et ne fait pas consensus. Objectif : cet article dresse un état des lieux des pratiques de soins non conventionnelles, de leur responsabilité civile et pénale et des suites à donner. Résultats : Notre analyse permet d’identifier certaines insuffisances dans les pratiques de soins non conventionnels et préconise un certain nombre de « bonnes pratiques ». Conclusion : La structuration de la médecine intégrative et de son enseignement en France permettrait d’offrir aux patients un accès sécurisé à certaines pratiques pertinentes et la France de rejoindre les nombreux pays qui la devancent dans ce domaine (Suisse, Allemagne)