bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for second-generation ethanol production from xylo-oligosaccharides and acetate
Authors: Procópio Dielle Pierotti , Lee Jae Won , Shin Jonghyeok , Tramontina Robson , Ávila Patrícia Felix , Brenelli Lívia Beatriz , Squina Fabio Márcio , Damasio André , Rabelo Sarita Cândida , Goldbeck Rosana , Franco Telma Teixeira , Leak David , Jin Yong-Su , Basso Thiago Olitta
Published: November 2023

Simultaneous intracellular depolymerization of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) and acetate fermentation by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae offers significant potential for more cost-effective second-generation (2G) ethanol production. In the present work, the previously engineered S. cerevisiae strain, SR8A6S3, expressing enzymes for xylose assimilation along with an optimized route for acetate reduction, was used as the host for expressing two β-xylosidases, GH43-2 and GH43-7, and a xylodextrin transporter, CDT-2, from Neurospora crassa, yielding the engineered SR8A6S3-CDT-2-GH34-2/7 strain. Both β-xylosidases and the transporter were introduced by replacing two endogenous genes, GRE3 and SOR1, that encode aldose reductase and sorbitol (xylitol) dehydrogenase, respectively, and catalyse steps in xylitol production. The engineered strain, SR8A6S3-CDT-2-GH34-2/7 (sor1Δ gre3Δ), produced ethanol through simultaneous XOS, xylose, and acetate co-utilization. The mutant strain produced 60% more ethanol and 12% less xylitol than the control strain when a hemicellulosic hydrolysate was used as a mono- and oligosaccharide source. Similarly, the ethanol yield was 84% higher for the engineered strain using hydrolysed xylan, compared with the parental strain. Xylan, a common polysaccharide in lignocellulosic residues, enables recombinant strains to outcompete contaminants in fermentation tanks, as XOS transport and breakdown occur intracellularly. Furthermore, acetic acid is a ubiquitous toxic component in lignocellulosic hydrolysates, deriving from hemicellulose and lignin breakdown. Therefore, the consumption of XOS, xylose, and acetate expands the capabilities of S. cerevisiae for utilization of all of the carbohydrate in lignocellulose, potentially increasing the efficiency of 2G biofuel production.
Impact of germline DNA repair gene variants on prognosis and treatment of men with advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Hansen Emma B. , Karlsson Questa , Merson Susan , Wakerell Sarah , Rageevakumar Reshma , Jensen Jørgen B. , Borre Michael , Kote-Jarai Zsofia , Eeles Rosalind A. , Sørensen Karina D.
Published: November 2023

The clinical importance of germline variants in DNA repair genes (DRGs) is becoming increasingly recognized, but their impact on advanced prostate cancer prognosis remains unclear. A cohort of 221 newly diagnosed metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients were screened for pathogenic germline variants in 114 DRGs. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) on first-line androgen signaling inhibitor (ARSI) treatment for mCRPC. Secondary endpoints were time to mCRPC progression on initial androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and overall survival (OS). Twenty-seven patients (12.2%) carried a germline DRG variant. DRG carrier status was independently associated with shorter PFS on first-line ARSI [HR 1.72 (1.06–2.81), P = 0.029]. At initiation of ADT, DRG carrier status was independently associated with shorter progression time to mCRPC [HR 1.56, (1.02–2.39), P = 0.04] and shorter OS [HR 1.99, (1.12–3.52), P = 0.02]. Investigating the contributions of individual germline DRG variants on PFS and OS revealed CHEK2 variants to have little effect. Furthermore, prior taxane treatment was associated with worse PFS on first-line ARSI for DRG carriers excluding CHEK2 (P = 0.0001), but not for noncarriers. In conclusion, germline DRG carrier status holds independent prognostic value for predicting advanced prostate cancer patient outcomes and may potentially inform on optimal treatment sequencing already at the hormone-sensitive stage.
A universal framework for accurate and efficient geometric deep learning of molecular systems
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Liu Yang , Xie Lei
Published: November 2023

Molecular sciences address a wide range of problems involving molecules of different types and sizes and their complexes. Recently, geometric deep learning, especially Graph Neural Networks, has shown promising performance in molecular science applications. However, most existing works often impose targeted inductive biases to a specific molecular system, and are inefficient when applied to macromolecules or large-scale tasks, thereby limiting their applications to many real-world problems. To address these challenges, we present PAMNet, a universal framework for accurately and efficiently learning the representations of three-dimensional (3D) molecules of varying sizes and types in any molecular system. Inspired by molecular mechanics, PAMNet induces a physics-informed bias to explicitly model local and non-local interactions and their combined effects. As a result, PAMNet can reduce expensive operations, making it time and memory efficient. In extensive benchmark studies, PAMNet outperforms state-of-the-art baselines regarding both accuracy and efficiency in three diverse learning tasks: small molecule properties, RNA 3D structures, and protein-ligand binding affinities. Our results highlight the potential for PAMNet in a broad range of molecular science applications.
Hippocampal volume mediates the relationship of parental rejection in childhood with social cognition in healthy adults
Authors: Kawamoto Marino , Takagishi Haruto , Ishihara Toru , Takagi Shunsuke , Kanai Ryota , Sugihara Genichi , Takahashi Hidehiko , Matsuda Tetsuya
Published: November 2023

Childhood abuse reduces hippocampal and amygdala volumes and impairs social cognition, including the ability to recognize facial expressions. However, these associations have been studied primarily in individuals with a history of severe abuse and psychiatric symptoms; researchers have not determined whether these associations can also be observed in healthy adults. In the present study, we analyzed data from 400 healthy adults (208 men and 192 women) at Tamagawa University. Parental rejection reflecting childhood abuse was assessed using the short form of Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran, while social cognition was assessed using the “Fake Smile Detection Task.” Hippocampal and amygdala volumes were extracted from T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data using FreeSurfer. We found that greater parental rejection resulted in smaller hippocampal and amygdala volumes and poorer performance in the Fake Smile Detection Task. Structural equation modeling analysis supported the model that hippocampal volume mediates maternal rejection effect on performance on the Fake Smile Detection Task, with involvement of the amygdala. These findings are in line with the structural and functional connectivity found between the hippocampus and amygdala and their joint involvement in social cognition. Therefore, parental rejection may affect hippocampal and amygdala volumes and social cognitive function even in symptom-free adults.
Improved maximum likelihood method for P-S-N curve fitting method with small number specimens and application in T-welded joint
Authors: Liu Wenfei , Zhang Li , He Liwen , Liu Hailang
Published: November 2023

In fatigue data analysis, fitting accurate P-S-N curve is problematic if only a small number of specimen is available, especially to evaluate the relationship between the stress level and the standard deviation. This paper proposes a sample information reconstruction method that can effectively solve this problem. Based on this method and the life equivalent principle, a new maximum likelihood method (which is abbreviated to improved maximum likelihood method) is proposed for P-S-N curve fitting. T-joint specimens of Q450NQR1 steel were fabricated and tested, then the P-S-N curves was fitted by the improved maximum likelihood method, least square method, maximum likelihood method, standard BS7608 and standard IIW. Finally, P-S-N curves by three methods and two standards are compared and analyzed. The results show that the relevant parameters of the P-S-N curve with 99.9% survival probability fitted by the improved maximum likelihood method are similar to those in the two standards, and it is indicated that the improved maximum likelihood method is a better way for P-S-N curve fitting with the small number of fatigue test specimens.
Chondrocytes supplemented to bone graft-containing scaffolds expedite cranial defect repair
Authors: Carmon Idan , Zobrab Anna , Alterman Michael , Tabib Rami , Cohen Adir , Kandel Leonid , Greenberg Alexander , Reich Eli , Casap Nardi , Dvir-Ginzberg Mona
Published: November 2023

Critical maxillofacial bone fractures do not heal spontaneously, thus, often there is a need to facilitate repair via surgical intervention. Gold standard approaches, include the use of autologous bone graft, or devices supplemented with osteogenic growth factors and bone substitutes. This research aimed to employ a critical size calvaria defect model, to determine if the addition of chondrocytes to collagen-containing bone graft substitute, may expedite bone repair. As such, using a critical size rat calvaria defect, we implanted a collagen scaffold containing bone graft substitute (i.e., Bone graft scaffold, BG) or BG supplemented with costal chondrocytes (cBG). The rats were subjected to live CT imaging at 1, 6, 9, and 12 weeks following the surgical procedure and sacrificed for microCT imaging of the defect site. Moreover, serum markers and histological evaluation were assessed to determine osseous tissue regeneration and turnover. Live CT and microCT indicated cBG implants displayed expedited bone repair vs, BG alone, already at 6 weeks post defect induction. cBG also displayed a shorter distance between the defect edges and greater mineral apposition distance compared to BG. Summerizing, the data support the addition of chondrocytes to bone substitute, accelerates the formation of new bone within a critical size defect.
Biology-aware mutation-based deep learning for outcome prediction of cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Liu Junyan , Islam Md Tauhidul , Sang Shengtian , Qiu Liang , Xing Lei
Published: November 2023

The response rate of cancer immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) varies among patients, making it challenging to pre-determine whether a particular patient will respond to immunotherapy. While gene mutation is critical to the treatment outcome, a framework capable of explicitly incorporating biology knowledge has yet to be established. Here we aim to propose and validate a mutation-based deep learning model for survival analysis on 1571 patients treated with ICI. Our model achieves an average concordance index of 0.59 ± 0.13 across nine types of cancer, compared to the gold standard Cox-PH model (0.52 ± 0.10). The “black box” nature of deep learning is a major concern in healthcare field. This model’s interpretability, which results from incorporating the gene pathways and protein interaction (i.e., biology-aware) rather than relying on a ‘black box’ approach, helps patient stratification and provides insight into novel gene biomarkers, advancing our understanding of ICI treatment.
Corvids optimize working memory by categorizing continuous stimuli
Authors: Apostel Aylin , Panichello Matthew , Buschman Timothy J. , Rose Jonas
Published: November 2023

Working memory (WM) is a crucial element of the higher cognition of primates and corvid songbirds. Despite its importance, WM has a severely limited capacity and is vulnerable to noise. In primates, attractor dynamics mitigate the effect of noise by discretizing continuous information. Yet, it remains unclear whether similar dynamics are seen in avian brains. Here, we show jackdaws (Corvus monedula) have similar behavioral biases as humans; memories are less precise and more biased as memory demands increase. Model-based analysis reveal discrete attractors are evenly spread across the stimulus space. Altogether, our comparative approach suggests attractor dynamics in primates and corvids mitigate the effect of noise by systematically drifting towards specific attractors. By demonstrating this effect in an evolutionary distant species, our results strengthen attractor dynamics as general, adaptive biological principle to efficiently use WM.
Sustained CREB phosphorylation by lipid-peptide liquid crystalline nanoassemblies
Authors: Wu Yu , Angelov Borislav , Deng Yuru , Fujino Takehiko , Hossain Md Shamim , Drechsler Markus , Angelova Angelina
Published: November 2023

Cyclic-AMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) is a leucine zipper class transcription factor that is activated through phosphorylation. Ample CREB phosphorylation is required for neurotrophin expression, which is of key importance for preventing and regenerating neurological disorders, including the sequelae of long COVID syndrome. Here we created lipid-peptide nanoassemblies with different liquid crystalline structural organizations (cubosomes, hexosomes, and vesicles) as innovative nanomedicine delivery systems of bioactive PUFA-plasmalogens (vinyl ether phospholipids with polyunsaturated fatty acid chains) and a neurotrophic pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP). Considering that plasmalogen deficiency is a potentially causative factor for neurodegeneration, we examined the impact of nanoassemblies type and incubation time in an in vitro Parkinson’s disease (PD) model as critical parameters for the induction of CREB phosphorylation. The determined kinetic changes in CREB, AKT, and ERK-protein phosphorylation reveal that non-lamellar PUFA-plasmalogen-loaded liquid crystalline lipid nanoparticles significantly prolong CREB activation in the neurodegeneration model, an effect unattainable with free drugs, and this effect can be further enhanced by the cell-penetrating peptide PACAP. Understanding the sustained CREB activation response to neurotrophic nanoassemblies might lead to more efficient use of nanomedicines in neuroregeneration.
Orbital-selective metal skin induced by alkali-metal-dosing Mott-insulating Ca2RuO4
Authors: Horio Masafumi , Forte Filomena , Sutter Denys , Kim Minjae , Fatuzzo Claudia G. , Matt Christian E. , Moser Simon , Wada Tetsuya , Granata Veronica , Fittipaldi Rosalba , Sassa Yasmine , Gatti Gianmarco , Rønnow Henrik M. , Hoesch Moritz , Kim Timur K. , Jozwiak Chris , Bostwick Aaron , Rotenberg Eli , Matsuda Iwao , Georges Antoine , Sangiovanni Giorgio , Vecchione Antonio , Cuoco Mario , Chang Johan
Published: November 2023

Doped Mott insulators are the starting point for interesting physics such as high temperature superconductivity and quantum spin liquids. For multi-band Mott insulators, orbital selective ground states have been envisioned. However, orbital selective metals and Mott insulators have been difficult to realize experimentally. Here we demonstrate by photoemission spectroscopy how Ca2RuO4, upon alkali-metal surface doping, develops a single-band metal skin. Our dynamical mean field theory calculations reveal that homogeneous electron doping of Ca2RuO4 results in a multi-band metal. All together, our results provide evidence for an orbital-selective Mott insulator breakdown, which is unachievable via simple electron doping. Supported by a cluster model and cluster perturbation theory calculations, we demonstrate a type of skin metal-insulator transition induced by surface dopants that orbital-selectively hybridize with the bulk Mott state and in turn produce coherent in-gap states.
Glycolysis-derived alanine from glia fuels neuronal mitochondria for memory in Drosophila
Authors: Rabah Yasmine , Francés Raquel , Minatchy Julia , Guédon Laura , Desnous Coraline , Plaçais Pierre-Yves , Preat Thomas
Published: November 2023

Glucose is the primary source of energy for the brain; however, it remains controversial whether, upon neuronal activation, glucose is primarily used by neurons for ATP production or if it is partially oxidized in astrocytes, as proposed by the astrocyte–neuron lactate shuttle model for glutamatergic neurons. Thus, an in vivo picture of glucose metabolism during cognitive processes is missing. Here, we uncover in Drosophila melanogaster a glia-to-neuron alanine transfer involving alanine aminotransferase that sustains memory formation. Following associative conditioning, glycolysis in glial cells produces alanine, which is back-converted into pyruvate in cholinergic neurons of the olfactory memory center to uphold their increased mitochondrial needs. Alanine, as a mediator of glia–neuron coupling, could be an alternative to lactate in cholinergic systems. In parallel, a dedicated glial glucose transporter imports glucose specifically for long-term memory, by directly transferring it to neurons for use by the pentose phosphate pathway. Our results demonstrate in vivo the compartmentalization of glucose metabolism between neurons and glial cells during memory formation.
Machine learning-derived reaction statistics for 3D spectroimaging of copper sulfidation in heterogeneous rubber/brass composites
Authors: Matsui Hirosuke , Muramoto Yuta , Niwa Ryusei , Kakubo Takashi , Amino Naoya , Uruga Tomoya , Ha Minh-Quyet , Dinh Duy-Tai , Dam Hieu-Chi , Tada Mizuki
Published: November 2023

The sulfidation of copper derived from copper-zinc alloy (brass) in sulfur-containing rubber, used for plating steel-cord-reinforced rubber tires, is suggested to be the key reaction for the adhesive behavior between brass and rubber in tires. However, the heterogeneous structures of rubber/brass interfaces have prevented us from understanding the sulfidation of metallic copper in brass and the formation of copper sulfides at the brass surface and buried rubber interface. Here, we visualize the 3D spatial location and chemical states of copper species in a rubber/brass composite during its aging process by 3D X-ray spectroimaging with X-ray absorption fine structure-computed tomography. Machine learning-derived reaction statistics of the 3D spectroimaging data reveal the reaction mechanism of copper sulfidation in the heterogeneous rubber/brass composite.
Spatial adaptation pathways to reconcile future water and food security in the Indus River basin
Authors: Smolenaars Wouter Julius , Sommerauer Wout Jan-Willem , van der Bolt Bregje , Jamil Muhammad Khalid , Dhaubanjar Sanita , Lutz Arthur , Immerzeel Walter , Ludwig Fulco , Biemans Hester
Published: November 2023

Irrigated wheat production is critical for food security in the Indus basin. Changing climatic and socio-economic conditions are expected to increase wheat demand and reduce irrigation water availability. Therefore, adaptation of irrigated wheat production is essential to achieve the interlinked Sustainable Development Goals for both water and food security. Here, we developed a spatial adaptation pathways methodology that integrates water and food objectives under future climate change and population growth. The results show that strategic combinations between production intensification, laser land leveling, and targeted expansion of irrigated areas can ensure wheat production increases and irrigation water savings in the short term. However, no adaptation pathways can ensure long-term wheat production within the existing irrigation water budget under rapid population growth. Adaptation planning for the Sustainable Development Goals in the Indus basin must therefore address both climatic and population changes, and anticipate that current food production practices may be unsustainable.
An evidence-based approach to accelerate flight reduction in academia
Authors: Görlinger Susann , Merrem Caroline , Jungmann Maximilian , Aeschbach Nicole
Published: November 2023

On the path towards net zero emissions in academia, reducing flight emissions is of high importance, yet particularly difficult to achieve. Flight emissions have a major share of the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of research institutions but reducing them is challenging, because flying has become an essential part of academic culture. While there is a large amount of literature on the relevance of flight reduction in academia, very little data and hands-on experience exists on what a successful reduction process might entail. This paper contributes to closing this gap by presenting data from interviews and surveys from eight academic institutions on reasons for air travel and alternatives, showing how a transdisciplinary approach can support a transformation from a high to a low flying culture, and suggesting a practical path forward with the aid of an open-access toolbox on how to reduce flight emissions in academia.
Towards practical elastocaloric cooling
Authors: Wang Yao , Liu Ye , Xu Shijie , Zhou Guoqu , Yu Jianlin , Qian Suxin
Published: November 2023

Elastocaloric (eC) cooling is a promising environmental-friendly emerging cooling technology that has the potential for applications at different scales. Although the performance of eC cooling is already sufficient for some applications, a balance is needed for reliability, cost, and ease of maintenance to achieve commercialization in the near future. In this Perspective, we describe challenges and necessary steps towards practical eC cooling, including material properties and manufacturing techniques, actuators that drive eC materials, essentials for good heat transfer, and different work recovery schemes, before introducing our envisioned application scenarios.
Zika virus M protein latches and locks the E protein from transitioning to an immature state after prM cleavage
Authors: Majowicz Sydney A. , Narayanan Anoop , Moustafa Ibrahim M. , Bator Carol M. , Hafenstein Susan L. , Jose Joyce
Published: November 2023

During flavivirus maturation, the structural proteins prM (pre-membrane) and E (envelope) undergo extensive low pH-mediated conformational changes, transitioning from spiky trimeric to smooth dimeric prM/E heterodimers which allow for furin cleavage of prM into pr and M and forms the irreversible mature conformation of smooth M/E heterodimers. The mechanisms of irreversible conformational changes to E protein following the pr cleavage are not understood. Utilizing cryo-EM structures of immature virus and structure-based mutagenesis of Zika virus, we identified two critical “latching and locking” interactions mediated by M protein residues Arg38 and Trp19, respectively, that stabilize the E protein structure in the smooth mature stage. M protein thus latches and locks the E protein in an irreversible mature structure, preventing premature fusion in the secretory pathway. Our studies provide mechanistic insights into the reversible structural transition of immature trimeric spikes and the irreversible transition of smooth dimeric M/E heterodimers critical for virus infectivity.
Glucuronan lyases from family PL7 use a Tyr/Tyr syn β-elimination catalytic mechanism for glucuronan breakdown
Authors: Vuillemin Marlene , Pilgaard Bo , Kiehn Emma , Fredslund Folmer , Welner Ditte H. , Meyer Anne S. , Aachmann Finn L. , Wilkens Casper
Published: November 2023

The determined 3D structure of a fungal glucuronan lyase and mutational studies reveal that the lyases from PL7_4 subfamily employ a single tyrosine as both base and acid catalyst to degrade β-(1,4) glucuronan via a syn β-elimination mechanism.
Visible-light-induced iron-catalyzed reduction of nitroarenes to anilines
Authors: Yang Shilei , He Min , Wang Yi , Bao Ming , Yu Xiaoqiang
Published: November 2023

An efficient visible-light-induced iron-catalyzed reduction of nitroarenes to anilines proceeds with photosensitizer-free conditions, and features good to excellent yields and broad functional group tolerance.
Sonochemically synthesized hydride-stabilized boron nanosheets via radical-assisted oxidative exfoliation for energy storage applications
Authors: Sukeri Anandhakumar , Panigrahi Swati , Ramanujam Kothandaraman
Published: November 2023

Metal-free hydride stabilized boron nanosheets were synthesized in an aqueous medium in mg scale and their suitability as an anode material for Li-ion batteries in half-cell mode was demonstrated.
Regular arrays of C60-based molecular rotors mounted on the surface of tris(o-phenylenedioxy)cyclotriphosphazene nanocrystals
Authors: Hurtado Carina Santos , Bastien Guillaume , Rončević Igor , Dračínský Martin , Tortorici Teddy , Rogers Charles T. , Michl Josef , Kaleta Jiří
Published: November 2023

Dielectric spectroscopy has been used to determine the barriers of rotation of surface-mounted fullerenes (2.3 ± 0.1 and 4.3 ± 0.1 kcal mol−1).
Nanostructure engineering of Pt/Pd-based oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts
Authors: Li Le , Ye Xintong , Xiao Qi , Zhu Qianyi , Hu Ying , Han Meijun
Published: November 2023

A systematic review of the nanostructure engineering of Pt- and Pd-based electrocatalysts toward enhanced electrocatalytic ORR performance is summarized.
Stannaborates: tuning the ion conductivity of dodecaborate salts with tin substitution
Authors: Hales Thomas A. , Møller Kasper T. , Humphries Terry D. , D’Angelo Anita M. , Buckley Craig E. , Paskevicius Mark
Published: November 2023

The ionic conductivity for lithium, sodium, and potassium stannaborates was been measured along with thermal properties.
Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution mediated by an organotelluroxane macrocycle stabilized through secondary interactions
Authors: Narsimhulu Gujju , Samuel Calvin , Palani Sathishkumar , Dasari Sai Hemant Kumar , Krishnamoorthy Kothandam , Baskar Viswanathan
Published: November 2023

A discrete liphophilic organotelluroxane macrocycle has been found to catalyse hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by proton reduction efficiently.
A sustainable waste plastic valorisation: conversion of discarded polyurethane into an active micro-cleaner using a DES system
Authors: Maraddi Ashok Shrishail , Mruthunjayappa Manohara Halanur , Kamath Smitha V. , D'Souza Glenita , Yoon Hyeonseok , Nataraj S. K.
Published: November 2023

Discarded or waste plastic in the environment can alter the health of habitats and natural processes, severely impacting ecosystems, food production capabilities, people's livelihoods, and social well-being.
Fabrication and characterization of conductive electrospun nanofiber mats of carbon nanofiber/poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(lactic acid) ternary nanocomposites for flexible electronics applications
Authors: Sharma Victor K , Chakraborty Gourhari , Narendren Soundararajan , Katiyar Vimal
Published: November 2023

Biodegradable, conductive nanofiber mats by grafting PVA onto carbon nanofiber are developed, demonstrating enhanced structural flexibility, electrical conductivity, and thermal stability, with potential flexible electronics application.
Covalent lindqvist polyoxometalate-cubic polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane hybrid material: enhancing photocatalytic antibacterial activity and hydrogen production as a heterogeneous catalyst
Authors: Rajendran Prabu , Perumal Dhandapani , Shanmugan Swaminathan
Published: November 2023

Covalent POM–POSS hybrid material was found to be excellent in photocatalytic antibacterial activity against E. coli owing to the generation of hydroxyl radicals and showed improved hydrogen generation due to the synergistic effect of POM and POSS.
Novel solar-light-driven Z-scheme BiOCl@WS2 nanocomposite photocatalysts for the photocatalytic removal of organic pollutants
Authors: Nakayama Daichi , Wu Chang-Mou , Motora Kebena Gebeyehu , Koinkar Pankaj , Furube Akihiro
Published: November 2023

A novel Z-scheme BiOCl@WS2 nanocomposite is synthesized via chemical precipitation and it presents an excellent photocatalytic performance towards organic pollutants.
Photoactive glycoconjugates with a very large Stokes shift: synthesis, photophysics, and copper(ii) and BSA sensing
Authors: da Silva Cláudia Brito , Silva Luana , Debia Natalí Pires , Chaves Otávio Augusto , Lüdtke Diogo Seibert , Rodembusch Fabiano Severo
Published: November 2023

Photoactive glycoconjugates obtained via copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, showing ESIPT properties with a very large Stokes shift, with notable sensing capabilities for both copper ions and bovine serum albumin in solution.
The influence of twist angle on the electronic and phononic band of 2D twisted bilayer SiC
Authors: Nguyen Hoa Van , Nguyen Phi Minh , Lam Vi Toan , Osamu Sugino , Tran Hanh Thi Thu
Published: November 2023

The height of atoms in the upper and lower layers of 5.1° (a and b), 13.2° (c and d) and 21.8° (e and f) twisted models. The interlayer distances of peaks tend to decrease as the twist angle increases.
A modified SELEX approach to identify DNA aptamers with binding specificity to the major histocompatibility complex presenting ovalbumin model antigen
Authors: Lin Yang , Chen Cho-Yi , Ku Yu-Chia , Wang Li-Chin , Hung Chia-Chien , Lin Zhi-Qian , Chen Bing-Hong , Hung Jui-Tse , Sun Yi-Chen , Hung Kai-Feng
Published: November 2023

A modified SELEX that employs consecutive selections with minimal PCR and selects aptamers that were identified in multiple selection rounds enables the identification of aptamers with binding affinity to specific pMHC complex.
Effects of porous carbon materials on heat storage performance of CaCl2 hydrate for low-grade thermal energy
Authors: Gao Na , Deng Lisheng , Li Jun , Zeng Tao , Huang Hongyu , Kobayashi Noriyuki , Kubota Mitsuhiro , Yang Xiaohu
Published: November 2023

A novel CMK-3/CaCl2 composite is developed as a promising heat storage material for low-grade energy with high heat storage density and excellent cycling stability.
Synthesis of mesoporous zeolite Y using Sapindus rarak extract as natural organic surfactant for deoxygenation of Reutealis trisperma oil to biofuel
Authors: Aziz Abdul , Andini Putri Berliana Gricelda , Prasetyoko Didik , Nugraha Reva Edra , Holilah Holilah , Bahruji Hasliza , Jalil Aishah Abdul , Suprapto Suprapto , Hartati Hartati , Asikin-Mijan Nurul
Published: November 2023

Saponin is a plant-derived chemical with an amphiphilic glycoconjugate structure extracted from Sapindus rarak fruit used as a natural organic surfactant in synthesizing mesoporous zeolite Y as a catalyst for biofuel production.
Synthesis of novel benzopyrimido[4,5-d]azoninone analogs catalyzed by biosynthesized Ag-TiO2 core/shell magnetic nanocatalyst and assessment of their antioxidant activity
Authors: Hammouda Mohamed M. , Shalabi Kamal , Alanazi Abdulaziz A. , Elattar Khaled M. , Azzam Maged A. , Rashed Marwa M.
Published: November 2023

A novel series of benzopyrimido[4,5-d]azoninones were synthesized using a Ag-TiO2 core/shell magnetic nanocatalyst, characterized by spectroscopic analyses and assessed as antioxidant agents by DPPH and phosphomolybdate assays.
Research on zinc cobaltate porous mesh materials with different percentages of Sm doping: synthesis, structural and capacitive properties analysis
Authors: Wang Jing , Wu Hongyu , Hao Tingting , Hao Jian , Wang Gang
Published: November 2023

Sm–ZnCo2O4 doping with different proportions of Sm doping produced oxygen vacancy defects, which improved the performance of the material. The specific capacitance retention of 3% Sm–ZnCo2O4//CNTs asymmetric solid-state devices was 95%.
Preparation and performance of anti-icing and deicing PF-POS@SiO2/CB photothermal superhydrophobic coatings for electrical insulators
Authors: Zheng Minchao , Zhou Cheng , Liu Qinpei , Li Xia , Yang Yuxin , Sun Yan , Zhu Zhenyu , Huang Yanyan , Zhou Qinghua
Published: November 2023

In this study, PF-POS@SiO2/CB superhydrophobic coatings with photothermal deicing and passive anti-icing properties are designed and prepared on the surface of two insulator materials (glass and ceramic) by a simple spraying method, which exhibit good application prospects in practical engineering.
Pair-distribution function of active Brownian spheres in three spatial dimensions: simulation results and analytical representation
Authors: Bröker Stephan , te Vrugt Michael , Jeggle Julian , Stenhammar Joakim , Wittkowski Raphael
Published: November 2023

This work provides an analysis of the fully orientation-resolved pair-distribution function of active Brownian spheres in three spatial dimensions based on Brownian dynamics simulations, along with an analytical approximation.
Development of highly conductive anion exchange membranes based on crosslinked PIM-SEBS with high free volume
Authors: Lee Yerim , Min Kyungwhan , Choi Jiyong , Choi Garam , Kim Hyungjun , Kim Tae-Hyun
Published: November 2023

x-PIM-SEBS membranes were developed by chemical crosslinking of PIM with SEBS. The developed membrane showed good phase separation and ion conductivity through free volume, and also showed high AEMWE performance of 1.905 A cm−2 at 2.0 V.
Hollow sp2-conjugated covalent organic framework encapsulating thiophene-based photosensitizer for enhanced visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution
Authors: Yang Chen , Hu Huawei , Qian Cheng , Liao Yaozu
Published: November 2023

The morphologies of fibers, spheres and bowls were controlled in COF. A novel p–n heterostructure was fabricated by encapsulating photosensitizer in hollow-COF. The hollow structure, staggered band alignment and large contact area greatly improved the hydrogen evolution activity.
Highly stretchable coaxial P3HT electrospun fibers with enhanced reversibility
Authors: Ahmad Humayun , Britton Maggie , Gangishetty Mahesh , Kundu Santanu
Published: November 2023

Highly stretchable and reversible electrospun fibers with a fracture strain of approximately 1000% were developed. The doped fibers maintain electrical conductivity up to 400% strain.
CoNi2S4@CoNi-LDH heterojunction grown on SSM as a highly efficient trifunctional catalyst for water-splitting and Zn–air batteries
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Jian Juan , Wang Xiuyan , Qiao Yu , Wang Meiting , Gao Shuang , Nie Ping , Chang Limin
Published: November 2023

CoNi2S4@CoNi-LDH/SSM, synthesized by in situ vulcanization, has excellent trifunctional electrocatalytic activity and can be applied in efficient self-powered water splitting.
Electrical, thermal and thermoelectric properties of Ti3C2Tx films: uncovering the significant role of water molecules
Authors: Zhang Haonan , Jiang Haoze , Li Yeti , Wei Wuning , Wu Fengming , Qi Mingshun , Wu Yongpeng , Li Jianhao , Deng Chenghao
Published: November 2023

The significant influence of water molecules on the electrical and thermal transport of Ti3C2Tx films is uncovered.
E. coli-based semi-artificial photosynthesis: biocompatibility of redox mediators and electron donors in [FeFe] hydrogenase driven hydrogen evolution
Authors: Gamache Mira T. , Kurth Larissa , Filmon Dawit T. , Plumeré Nicolas , Berggren Gustav
Published: November 2023

Powering E. coli with sunlight: the optimization of a synthetic photocatalytic system allows E. coli to function as a robust and efficient platform for semi-artificial photosynthesis.
Fully digital, urban networked staring radar: Simulation and experimentation
Authors: Griffiths Darren , Jahangir Mohammed , Kannanthara Jithin , Donlan Gwynfor , Baker Chris J. , Antoniou Michail , Singh Yeshpal
Published: November 2023

The application and uses of drones in all areas are continuously rising, especially in civilian use cases. This increasing threat requires reliable drone surveillance in urban environments. Radar is the obvious candidate with its ability to detect small objects at range, in all weather conditions. The use of an L‐band networked radar for urban sensing of S‐UAS targets is explored. Small echoes from S‐UAS places a premium on synchronisation, which is the fundamental key for high performance networked radar. The effect of timing errors on the operation of the network radar is investigated theoretically and experimentally, and the processing tools for synchronising data based on the direct signal returns of the transmitter are developed. Also, drone detection using bistatic L‐band staring radar is achieved both in simulation and then in real field trials where the SNR and detection performance are computed and analysed. The updated direct signal synchronisation method for bistatic staring radar is shown to provide comparable SNR and positional accuracy for S‐UAS targets as the monostatic staring radar.
Optimal planning of mobile energy storage in active distribution network
Authors: Xia Shiwei , Wang Zizheng , Gao Xiang , Li Wenpei
Published: November 2023

Mobile energy storage (MES) has the flexibility to temporally and spatially shift energy, and the optimal configuration of MES shall significantly improve the active distribution network (ADN) operation economy and renewables consumption. In this study, an optimal planning model of MES is established for ADN with a goal of minimising the annual cost of a distribution system. Firstly, the annual cost of a distribution system is set up with consideration of the investment cost and operation cost of MES, wind and PV curtailment cost, network loss cost and the peak‐valley arbitrage income of MES. Then, the distributed photovoltaic and wind power access constraints, power conservation constraints of ADN, power generation constraint, system security constraint, energy coupling and displacement constraints of MES are further tailored to establish the MES planning model. Afterwards, the proposed model is solved by the second‐order cone relaxation combined with the large M algorithm. Finally, the simulation results of the modified IEEE 33‐bus distribution network validate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
The warm-hot circumgalactic medium of the Milky Way as seen by eROSITA
Authors: Locatelli N. , Ponti G. , Zheng X. , Merloni A. , Becker W. , Comparat J. , Dennerl K. , Freyberg M. J. , Sasaki M. , Yeung M. C. H.
Published: November 2023

The first all-sky maps of the diffuse emission of high ionization lines observed in X-rays by SRG/eROSITA provide an excellent probe for the study of the warm-hot phase (T ∼ 106 K) of the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of the Milky Way. In this work, we analyze the O VIII line detected in the first eROSITA All-Sky Survey data (eRASS1). We fit a sky map made in a narrow energy bin around this line with physical emission models embedded in a 3D geometry in order to constrain the density distribution of the warm-hot gas around the Galaxy, with a focus on mid and high (absolute) Galactic latitudes. By masking out the eROSITA bubbles and other bright, extended foreground sources, we find that an oblate geometry of the warm-hot gas (T ≡ 0.15 − 0.17 keV), flattened around the Galactic disk with scale height zh ∼ 1 − 3 kpc, best describes the eRASS1 O VIII map, with most of the observed emission shown as being produced within a few kiloparsecs from the Sun. The additional presence of a large-scale warm-hot spherical halo, while providing a minor contribution to the X-ray emission, accounts for the high O VII absorption column densities detected with XMM-Newton as well as most of the baryon budget of the CGM of the Milky Way. To date, the eROSITA data carry the greatest amount of information and detail of the O VIII CGM intensities, allowing for a significant reduction in the statistical uncertainties of the inferred physical parameters.
Cepheid Metallicity in the Leavitt Law (C- MetaLL) survey
Authors: Trentin E. , Ripepi V. , Molinaro R. , Catanzaro G. , Storm J. , De Somma G. , Marconi M. , Bhardwaj A. , Gatto M. , Testa V. , Musella I. , Clementini G. , Leccia S.
Published: November 2023

Context. Classical Cepheids (DCEPs) play a fundamental role in the calibration of the extragalactic distance ladder, which eventually leads to the determination of the Hubble constant (H0) thanks to the period–luminosity (PL) and period–Wesenheit (PW) relations exhibited by these pulsating variables. Therefore, it is of great importance to establish the dependence of PL and PW relations on metallicity.

Aims. We aim to quantify the metallicity dependence of the PL and PW relations of the Galactic DCEPs for a variety of photometric bands, ranging from optical to near-infrared.

Methods. We gathered a literature sample of 910 DCEPs with available [Fe/H] values from high-resolution spectroscopy or metallicities from the Gaia Radial Velocity Spectrometer. For all these stars, we collected photometry in the GBP, GRP, G, I, V, J, H, and KS bands and astrometry from Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3). We used these data to investigate the metal dependence of both the intercepts and slopes of a variety of PL and PW relations at multiple wavelengths.

Results. We find a large negative metallicity effect on the intercept (γ coefficient) of all the PL and PW relations investigated in this work, while present data still do not allow us to draw firm conclusions regarding the metal dependence of the slope (δ coefficient). The typical values of γ are around −0.4 : −0.5 mag dex−1, which is larger than most of the recent determinations present in the literature. We carried out several tests, which confirm the robustness of our results. As in our previous works, we find that the inclusion of a global zero point offset of Gaia parallaxes provides smaller values of γ (in an absolute sense). However, the assumption of the geometric distance of the Large Magellanic Cloud seems to indicate that larger values of γ (in an absolute sense) would be preferred.
Trend oceanography research for enhancing ocean literacy to support sustainable development goals (SDGs): A systematic literature review
Authors: Asikin Nurul , Suwono Hadi , Dharmawan Agus , Qadri Tanjung Annisa
Published: November 2023

The ocean, as the most extensive ecosystem on the planet, holds significant importance in environmental sustainability. This study aims to review and compare research investigations into articles regarding oceanography research through a systematic literature review (SLR). This SLR follows the five-step procedures Denyer and Tranfield (2009) proposed. A search was conducted in the Scopus database using the terms “oceanography, ocean literacy (OL), and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)” in the disbursement menu, resulting in the retrieval of 145 articles. In addition, 20 papers satisfied the established criteria for analysis. The findings of this observation article are in the form of research trends regarding oceanography research. Most oceanography research is in the distribution year category 2022 (5 articles). Most prominent authors originate from the United Kingdom (9 articles) and America (8 articles). Collaborative research is more common (85%). Most research articles are published in the journal Marine Policy. The dominant fields of study are Social Sciences (45%) and Environmental Sciences (30%). Oceanography research has a very important role in increasing OL and Supporting the attainment of SDGs, especially SDG 14, which emphasizes the need to protect and utilize marine resources sustainably.
Cultural Heritage-based Museum Development Strategy in Siak Sri Indrapura Regency
Authors: Wiwik Swastiwi Anastasia , Febriyandi Febby YS , Angela Siringo Ringo Evy
Published: November 2023

The Siak District Government has long tried to advance the tourism sector by utilizing the rich heritage of the Malay cultural history of the Kingdom of Siak Sri Indrapura. These efforts have strengthened since the establishment of the vision of becoming the centre of Malay culture and the mission of Siak Regency to become a major tourism destination in Riau Province. This research aims to offer a development strategy for Malay historical and cultural heritage museums in Siak Regency to support the achievement of Siak's vision as a Malay cultural centre. This research uses a qualitative method to analyze the potential of Malay historical and cultural heritage in Siak for the development of the Balairung Sri Museum of Siak Regency. Data were obtained through observation, FGD, survey, literature study and documentation. The results of this study indicate that Siak Regency needs a museum that presents Malay historical and cultural heritage comprehensively, including history and 11 objects of cultural promotion, thus distinguishing it from the previous museum. The development of the museum needs to pay attention to various important aspects related to the presentation of collections, distinctiveness and the role of Balairung Sri in its time.
Archiving of structural solutions by task based conceptual design method
Authors: Darbinyan Hrayr
Published: November 2023

The composition of the design libraries and database is essential for finding the optimal structural solution for a task-based conceptual design project. Nowadays the broad usage of digital technologies for the database composition and its update draws on the front line the demand for creating compatible formats for synthesizing and archiving procedures, facilitating the easy and task-based access to the database for the search of the needed solution. It is practical and efficient to organize this process in a task-based manner oriented to a specific group of solutions combined by the field of application and the specific types of tasks. As a result, the general tools of the suggested task-based design method are generalized and updated to the usage of design fragments, which could be general and satisfy for the specific groups of products with their specific properties. The methods and action steps of the named task-based design method are updated accordingly for such a purpose. The method is explained for a large group of locking pliers, showing the general set of properties and the potential design fragments used in the structure of various structural types of these tools.
Die Wirkungen von Aromatherapie auf die Lebensqualität von Patienten an der Hämodialyse
Authors: Wiederhold Dietmar
Published: November 2023

Komplementäre Gesundheitsangebote werden in der Bevölkerung stark nachgefragt. Im Kontext der Pflege versteht man darunter Pflegemaßnahmen mit Naturheilmitteln, wie Heilpflanzen sowie Wickel, Auflagen oder die Aromapflege, die präventiv wirken, Beschwerden lindern und das Wohlbefinden fördern sollen 1. Damit soll die zumeist konventionelle schulmedizinisch ausgerichtete Pflege mit zusätzlichen Angeboten ergänzt werden. Ob durch Aromatherapie die Lebensqualität von Hämodialysepatienten verbessert werden kann, hat eine chinesische Arbeitsgruppe evaluiert.
Manschettenlose Blutdruckmessung mithilfe von Wearables
Authors: Reshetnik Alexander
Published: November 2023

Die Entwicklung von manschettenlosen Technologien zur nichtinvasiven Blutdruckmessung zeigt große Fortschritte. Verschiedene Methoden der Blutdruckermittlung, die auf bekannte Techniken, wie die Bestimmung der Puls-Transit-Zeit oder Puls-Wellen-Analyse beruhen, stehen zur Verfügung und weisen inzwischen einige Studienergebnisse auf. Weitere neuartige Methoden, wie die Videoprozessierung der Gesichtsaufnahmen oder Bioimpedanz-Tattoos aus Graphen, sind ebenfalls aussichtsreich. Diese erfordern jedoch weitere Studien, um noch mehr Daten zu generieren. Für einige Technologien ist eine Kalibrierung nötig, während andere ohne auskommen. Die Zukunft sieht vielversprechend aus, trotzdem muss weiter geforscht und entwickelt werden, um die manschettenlose Blutdruckmessung zu einer Routinemethode zu etablieren.
Einsatz von Diuretika in der Bluthochdrucktherapie
Authors: Gohlisch Christopher
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassend stellt die diuretische Therapie eine wichtige Option in der antihypertensiven und kardiovaskulären Therapie dar. Seit der Entwicklung der Thiaziddiuretika in den 1960er-Jahren ist die diuretische Therapie vielfältiger geworden. Trotz der nun seit Jahrzenten bestehenden Erfahrung in der Therapie sind doch viele Fragen zur Wahl des richtigen Diuretikums, der richtigen Kombination oder Dosis für den individuellen Patienten nicht abschließend geklärt. Zudem ist die Studienlage uneinheitlich und in einigen Fragen weiterhin unzureichend. Daher bedarf es für die optimale Therapie immer noch der Expertise und Erfahrung des jeweiligen Hypertensiologen. Gleichzeitig wurden bereits neue diuretisch wirksame Therapieoptionen entwickelt, die häufig in Kombination mit den etablierten Diuretikaklassen eingesetzt werden, sodass hier mögliche Interaktionen zu bedenken sind. Weitere spezifische Diuretika sind in der Entwicklung, die neben der Blutdruckreduktion reno- und kardioprotektive Eigenschaften besitzen und unsere therapeutischen Möglichkeiten, insbesondere bei Patienten mit einer chronischen Nierenerkrankung (CKD: Chronic Kidney Disease), erweitern können.