bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Analytical Model for Filler Wire Heating and Melting during Wire Feed Laser Deposition
Authors: Mukin D.V. , Ivanov Sergei Yu. , Valdaitseva Ekaterina A. , Turichin Gleb A. , Beniash Alexander E.
Published: September 2019

Additive technologies, in particular, wire-feed laser deposition, can significantly reduce the production cycle of manufacturing large-sized parts or parts of complex shape due to partial or complete elimination of technological operations such as casting, machining and welding. The aim of the work is to develop an analytical model of heating and melting of the filler wire during wire-feed laser deposition. The heat conduction problem was solved by the functional-analytical methods. The practical effectiveness of the functional-analytical methods with respect to computational time is several orders of magnitude higher than numerical ones. Obtained analytical solution made it possible to determine the temperature field for heat flux arbitrarily distributed on the filler wire surface. It is established that at a higher feed rate, the wire tip is completely melted at a greater distance from the laser axis. The shape of the melting surface also depends on the feed rate. At a slow feed rate, a more uniform heating of the wire over the cross section occurs. The melting surface has a small angle of inclination.
Method of Testing Rolled Tubular Products for Oilfield Pipes for Corrosion-Abrasive Wear
Authors: Shemyakinskiy Boris Aleksandrovich , Alkhimenko Aleksey Aleksandrovich , Tikhonov Sergey M. , Mitrofanov Artem V. , Sidorova Elena P.
Published: September 2019

This paper describes the existing methods for determining the corrosion-erosion wear of materials, and describes a technique developed to assess the stability of oilfield pipes for corrosion-abrasive wear. The results of comparative tests on this method of steels 13HFA and St20 are presented.
Semiempirical Mathematical Models of Spinning Friction Steel ShKh15 Steel Titles on Steel R6M5, on a Scheme of a Globe Plane Taking into Account Wear
Authors: Steshenkov Alexey Leonidovich , Chulkin Sergey Georgievich , Alkhimenko Aleksey Aleksandrovich , Galskii Kirill Yurievich , Bogatyrev Konstantin Dmitrievich , Tarasova Viktoriya Alexandrovna
Published: September 2019

The paper presents the results of the study of the friction of the spherical ball made of steel SHKH15 on the flat surface of the prism of steel R6M5. It has been established that as a result of the friction of the rotation according to the “ball-plane” scheme, at a steady wear mode, the torque of the friction of the rotation also becomes steady. It is shown that the change in the friction torque of the rotation from the load does not fit within the limits of one linear dependence, similar to G. Amonton's law. Semi-empirical models of friction rotation are given.
Flexpart v10.1 simulation of source contributions to Arctic black carbon
Authors: Zhu Chunmao , Kanaya Yugo , Takigawa Masayuki , Ikeda Kohei , Tanimoto Hiroshi , Taketani Fumikazu , Miyakawa Takuma , Kobayashi Hideki , Pisso Ignacio
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The Arctic environment is undergoing rapid changes such as faster warming than the global average and exceptional melting of glaciers in Greenland. Black carbon (BC) particles, which are a short-lived climate pollutant, are one cause of Arctic warming and glacier melting. However, the sources of BC particles are still uncertain. We simulated the potential emission sensitivity of atmospheric BC present over the Arctic (north of 66° N) using the Flexpart Lagrangian transport model (version 10.1). This version includes a new aerosol wet removal scheme, which better represents particle-scavenging processes than older versions did. Arctic BC at the surface (0–500 m) and high altitudes (4750–5250 m) is sensitive to emissions in high latitude (> 60° N) and mid-latitude (30–60° N) regions, respectively. Geospatial sources of Arctic BC were quantified, with a focus on emissions from anthropogenic activities and biomass burning in 2010. We found that anthropogenic sources contributed 82 % and 83 % of annual Arctic BC at the surface and high altitudes, respectively. Arctic surface BC comes predominantly from anthropogenic emissions in Russia (56 %), with gas flaring from the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Komi Republic being the main source (31 % of Arctic surface BC). These results highlight the need for regulations to control BC emissions from gas flaring to mitigate the rapid changes in the Arctic environment. In summer, combined biomass burning in Siberia, Alaska, and Canada contributes 56–85 % (75 % on average) and 40–72 % (57 %) of Arctic BC at the surface and high altitudes, respectively. A large fraction (40 %) of BC in the Arctic at high altitudes comes from anthropogenic emissions in East Asia, which suggests that the rapidly growing economies of developing countries could have a non-negligible effect on the Arctic. To our knowledge, this is the first year-round evaluation of Arctic BC sources that has been performed using the new wet deposition scheme in Flexpart. The study provides a scientific basis for actions to mitigate the rapidly changing Arctic environment.
Climatologies and long-term changes in mesospheric wind and wave measurements based on radar observations at high and mid latitudes
Authors: Wilhelm Sven , Stober Gunter , Brown Peter
Published: September 2019

Abstract. We report on long-term observations of atmospheric parameters in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) made over the last 2 decades. Within this study, we show, based on meteor wind measurement, the long-term variability of winds, tides, and kinetic energy of planetary and gravity waves. These measurements were done between the years 2002 and 2018 for the high-latitude location of Andenes (69.3∘ N, 16∘ E) and the mid-latitude locations of Juliusruh (54.6∘ N, 13.4∘ E) and Tavistock (43.3∘ N, 80.8∘ W). While the climatologies for each location show a similar pattern, the locations differ strongly with respect to the altitude and season of several parameters. Our results show annual wind tendencies for Andenes which are toward the south and to the west, with changes of up to 3 m s−1 per decade, while the mid-latitude locations show smaller opposite tendencies to negligible changes. The diurnal tides show nearly no significant long-term changes, while changes for the semidiurnal tides differ regarding altitude. Andenes shows only during winter a tidal weakening above 90 km, while for the Canadian Meteor Orbit Radar (CMOR) an enhancement of the semidiurnal tides during the winter and a weakening during fall occur. Furthermore, the kinetic energy for planetary waves showed strong peak values during winters which also featured the occurrence of sudden stratospheric warming. The influence of the 11-year solar cycle on the winds and tides is presented. The amplitudes of the mean winds exhibit a significant amplitude response for the zonal component below 82 km during summer and from November to December between 84 and 95 km at Andenes and CMOR. The semidiurnal tides (SDTs) show a clear 11-year response at all locations, from October to November.
Isotopic fractionation of carbon during uptake by phytoplankton across the South Atlantic subtropical convergence
Authors: Tuerena Robyn E. , Ganeshram Raja S. , Humphreys Matthew P. , Browning Thomas J. , Bouman Heather , Piotrowski Alexander P.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The stable isotopic composition of particulate organic carbon
(δ13CPOC) in the surface waters of the global ocean can
vary with the aqueous CO2 concentration ([CO2(aq)]) and affects
the trophic transfer of carbon isotopes in the marine food web. Other
factors such as cell size, growth rate and carbon concentrating mechanisms
decouple this observed correlation. Here, the variability in δ13CPOC is investigated in surface waters across the south
subtropical convergence (SSTC) in the Atlantic Ocean, to determine carbon
isotope fractionation (εp) by phytoplankton and the
contrasting mechanisms of carbon uptake in the subantarctic and subtropical
water masses. Our results indicate that cell size is the primary determinant
of δ13CPOC across the Atlantic SSTC in summer. Combining
cell size estimates with CO2 concentrations, we can accurately estimate
εp within the varying surface water masses in this region.
We further utilize these results to investigate future changes in
εp with increased anthropogenic carbon availability. Our
results suggest that smaller cells, which are prevalent in the subtropical
ocean, will respond less to increased [CO2(aq)] than the larger cells
found south of the SSTC and in the wider Southern Ocean. In the subantarctic
water masses, isotopic fractionation during carbon uptake will likely
increase, both with increasing CO2 availability to the cell, but also
if increased stratification leads to decreases in average community cell
size. Coupled with decreasing δ13C of [CO2(aq)] due to
anthropogenic CO2 emissions, this change in isotopic fractionation and
lowering of δ13CPOC may propagate through the marine food
web, with implications for the use of δ13CPOC as a tracer
of dietary sources in the marine environment.
Local and remote moisture sources for extreme precipitation: a study of the two catastrophic 1982 western Mediterranean episodes
Authors: Insua-Costa Damián , Miguez-Macho Gonzalo , Llasat María Carmen
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Floods and flash floods are frequent in the south of Europe resulting from heavy rainfall events that often produce more than 200 mm in less than 24 h. Even though the meteorological conditions favourable for these situations have been widely studied, there is a lingering question that still arises: what humidity sources could explain so much precipitation? To answer this question, the regional atmospheric Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with a recently implemented moisture tagging capability has been used to analyse the main moisture sources for two catastrophic flood events that occurred during the autumn of 1982 (October and November) in the western Mediterranean area, which is regularly affected by these types of adverse weather episodes. The procedure consists in selecting a priori potential moisture source regions for the extreme event under consideration, and then performing simulations using the tagging technique to quantify the relative contribution of each selected source to total precipitation. For these events we study the influence of four possible potential sources: (1) evaporation in the western Mediterranean; (2) evaporation in the central Mediterranean; (3) evaporation in the North Atlantic; and (4) advection from the tropical and subtropical Atlantic and Africa. Results show that these four moisture sources explain most of the accumulated precipitation, with the tropical and subtropical input being the most relevant in both cases. In the October event, evaporation in the western and central Mediterranean and in the North Atlantic also had an important contribution. However, in the November episode tropical and subtropical moisture accounted for more than half of the total accumulated rainfall, while evaporation in the western Mediterranean and North Atlantic played a secondary role and the contribution of the central Mediterranean was almost negligible. Therefore, remote sources were crucial: in the October event they played a similar role to local sources, whereas in the November case they were clearly dominant. In both episodes, long-distance moisture transport from the tropics and subtropics mostly occurred in mid-tropospheric layers, via well-defined moisture plumes with maximum mixing ratios at medium levels.
Participación infantil en la Costa de Chiapas durante el desastre por terremoto nocturno del 7 de septiembre del 2017 y en la reconstrucción con bibliotecas
Authors: Torres Eliud
Published: September 2019

En medio de un proceso de investigación colaborativa con comunidades rurales y de participación infantil en la Costa de Chiapas, la noche del 7 de septiembre del 2017 sucedieron un terremoto y un tsunami que devinieron en desastre social, material y subjetivo, para cientos de familias costeñas en los Municipios de Pijijiapan y Tonalá. Situación que apeló al compromiso profesional con las comunidades afectadas y en particular con niños y niñas, por lo que el rumbo de la investigación se transformó para responder a la situación de emergencia y posterior proceso de reconstrucción. Ante el estupor de la situación, niños y niñas participaron en los espacios colectivos propuestos, como parte de la atención psicosocial, para compartir sus experiencias, emociones y preocupaciones derivadas del acontecimiento nocturno y sus consecuencias. Pero también para proponer acciones de solidaridad con los más afectados y colaborar en el proceso de reconstrucción, en la sinergia generada entre diversos actores sociales para incluir como espacios de participación infantil la instalación de bibliotecas comunitarias en la reparación de las escuelas dañadas. El presente texto, además de dar cuenta de los procesos colaborativo y participativo a mediano plazo con actores sociales e infancia costeña respectivamente, propone la narración infantil para la primera aproximación adulta al conocimiento y análisis de una experiencia como metodología de investigación hacia la construcción de lugares epistémicos infantiles.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the nasal cavityâ€”the great mimicker of chronic rhinitis: A rare case report with literature review
Authors: Yahaya James , Abraham Zephania
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the nasal cavity is one of the rarest malignant entities reported in the literature with the known incidence of up to 5%. It commonly poses a diagnostic challenge due to lack of diagnostic suspicion index because of its rarity and especially when it is associated with a long history of benignity. Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a tumor of salivary glands even though it is not frequent. Moreover, it can rarely occur in other body parts, such as nose, paranasal sinuses, lungs, uterine cervix, and many others.

Case Report: We present a case of an 18-year-old boy with a diagnosis of ACC of the nasal cavity. The patient had a 10-year history of long-standing chronic inflammatory condition presenting as rhinitis. However, after a period of two years later following the initial diagnosis, the tumor became aggressive and it presented with ulceration, causing erosion of the nasal bone as well as auto-exenteration of the right eye.

Conclusion: Adenoid cystic carcinoma involving the nose and other paranasal sites ought to be deemed as a tumor with sometimes long-standing history of benignity which needs high index of suspicion for being able to detect it in order to improve outcome of the patients.
Translation as Facilitator of Social Movements in Late Qing China: A Skopos Theory Perspective
Authors: Meng Qing Liang
Published: September 2019

Unlike the previous two translation waves in the history of China, the third translation wave beginning from LateQing period can be seen as a cross-cultural communication under confrontation and conflict between China andwestern powers. Missionaries and government officials from western powers, institutions affiliated to government,and social activists were actively engaged in various translation activities for their respective purposes by means ofcooperation, which had not only promoted western learning in China and facilitated Chinese social movements andreform, but finally brought the Qing Dynasty to an end in the Chinese Revolution of 1911. This paper aims toexplore the facilitating role of translation in social movements and reforms in China during the time of the Late QingDynasty from Skopos Theory Perspective, in order to show that translators as social activists can not only promoteintercultural communication, but also push forward social changes and help nation building. This translation wave ischaracterized by urgency, purposefulness and practicality, and played the role of enlightening people, spreadingwestern learning and facilitating revolution.
Cassava Varieties Trichome Density Influence the Infestation of Vatiga illudens (Hemiptera: Tingidae)
Authors: Pastório Marcelo Augusto , Hoshino Adriano Thibes , Oliveira Luciano Mendes de , Lima Wilmar Ferreira , Fernandes Thiago Augusto Paes , Menezes Júnior Ayres de Oliveira , Androcioli Humberto Godoy
Published: September 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the infestation of Vatiga illudens in cassava varieties and to correlate its infestation with the physical and morphological parameters of resistance. The experiments were conducted in the 2014/2015 and 2016/2017 seasons, out in a randomized complete block design with nine treatments and five replicates. Nymphs and adults of V. illudens were evaluated on the abaxial surface of 16 leaves of the middle third of the plant. The density of trichomes was quantified with the use of electron micrographs, and the roughness of the epicuticular wax was assigned to the leaves of the shoot and the apical third. The color components L*, a*, b*, were measured with a portable digital colorimeter. The cultivars IAC 90 and Santa Helena demonstrated the smallest infestations in the 2014/2015 season and maintained low infestation in the 2016/2017 season. The varieties Baianinha, IAC 576-70 and Catarina-Branca, maintained high infestations in the both seasons. The density of trichomes of the middle third of the plants correlated negatively to the V. illudens infestation for the two seasons. The higher density on trichomes, negatively affects the infestation of V. illudens in cassava varieties, characterizing as a specific resistance factor to this species.
Degradation Studies of Selected Bisphenols in the Presence of β-Cyclodextrin and/or Duckweed Water Plant
Authors: Kaleniecka Aleksandra , Zarzycki Paweł K
Published: September 2019

Background: This research reports a multivariate experiment enabling observation of the potential application of macrocyclic compound [β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)] and/or duckweed organisms as the active factors for elimination of selected bisphenols A, B, and S from water samples. Objective: Target bisphenols selection was based on observation that such components can be present in food or environmental samples (e.g., vegetable/fruit juices, milk, drinking water, or treated wastewater). Methods: Biological research was carried out using aquatic organisms containing chlorophyll, particularly duckweed (Lemna minor L), that may work as an active biomass for the elimination or extraction of bisphenols micropollutants from water. Using such a system, we studied the potential encapsulation effect and removal efficiency of nontoxic macrocyclic oligosaccharide (β-cyclodextrin) acting as an encapsulation reagent to promote the removal of selected bisphenols from liquid phase both with and without the presence of duckweed biomass. Results: Experimental data have revealed that β-CD or combined β-CD/duckweed system has an effect on bisphenols elimination from water. The initial data set obtained from this preliminary experiment (and combined with supramolecular complex formation data calculated from chromatographic experiments, published previously) enables designing of further experiments focusing on the development of green chemistry technology. Conclusions: It is hoped that this may be used for the efficient removal of low-molecular-mass micropollutants using classical technological wastewater treatment processes modified by biomass and macrocyclic additives. This process needs to be optimized, but the results presented have revealed that such green chemistry technology, if successful, may be an interesting alternative for the selective removal of the micropollutants investigated from wastewater using classical adsorbents (e.g., carbons and carbon-related nanomaterials), particularly in terms of the worldwide problem with microplastic pollutants in the environment and food products.
PharmaSpy: um sistema de apoio a área de Farmacovigilância
Authors: Alves Rian , Dias João , Garcés Lina , Neves Vânia
Published: September 2019

Reações adversas a medicamentos podem ser geradas por diferentes fatores. A farmacovigilância é a área responsável por coletar, detectar, avaliar, monitorar, e prevenir tais reações, assim como vigiar para que as farmacêuticas produzam medicamentos de qualidade. Neste trabalho é apresentado o PharmaSpy, um SI que visa apoiar os processos de farmacovigilância no Brasil, promovendo a auditoria de medicamentos feita pela ANVISA, e diminuindo os riscos para os pacientes.
A New Genetic Algorithm with Agent-Based Crossover for Generalized Assignment Problem
Authors: DÖRTERLER Murat
Published: September 2019

Generalized assignment problem (GAP) considers finding minimum cost assignment of n tasks to m agents provided each task should be assigned to one agent only. In this study, a new Genetic Algorithm (GA) with some new methods is proposed to solve GAPs. The agent-based crossover is based on the concept of dominant gene in genotype science and increases fertility rate of feasible solutions. The solutions are classified as infeasible, feasible and mature with reference to their conditions. The new local searches provide not only feasibility in high diversity but high profitability for the solutions. A solution is not given up through maturation-based replacement until it reaches its best.  Computational results show that the agent-based crossover has much higher fertility rate compared to classical crossover. Also, the proposed GA creates either optimal or approximately optimal solutions.
Multi-environment Manifestation of Heterosis for Morphological and Quality Traits in Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Kumar Avinash , Kiran N. , Bisen Prashant , Dadheech Amit , Kishor Kaushal , Singh Mithilesh Kumar
Published: September 2019

An investigation was carried out with 10 parents, their 45 hybrids mated in half-diallel fashion and 4 checks in RBD for estimation of heterosis in two environment (Kharif, 2014 and Rabi, 2014-15) at the Instructional farm, RCA, MPUAT, Udaipur, India. The average productivity of maize in USA is 11.07 MT ha-1 while, in India it is only 3.02 MT ha-1 during 2018-19. We lag far behind USA and are still not able to harness the optimum yield potential in maize that could partly be addressed by evolving hybrid maize cultivar. The present study aims to is identify heterotic hybrids that could yield stably with better grain quality over a range of environments. Environment wise Analysis of variance revealed that mean squares due to genotypes were significant for all the traits in both the environments. Partitioning of total genotypic variance indicated significant contribution of parents for all the traits. Mean squares due to crosses were significant for all the traits under study except for days to 50% tasseling. Mean squares due to parents vs. crosses were significant for all the traits except for days to 75% brown husk. Bartlett test showed homogeneity of error variance only for one trait i.e. grain oil content. The pooled analysis for grain oil content revealed significant differences between the environments. The mean squares due to genotypes including parents, crosses and parents vs. crosses were also significant. Significance of GE interaction for oil content indicates the influence of environments on the expression of this trait. The partitioning of GE interaction into those that by parents×environment and crosses×environment interaction were also significant. Two hybrids in E1, viz., P3×P6 and P2×P4 has shown significant negative economic heterosis for days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking and days to 75% brown husk. None of the hybrids has shown significant negative economic heterosis for these traits in E2 environment. The hybrid P3×P5 exhibited maximum positive economic heterosis (6.71%) for grain oil content over the best check HQPM-5 on pooled basis. The hybrid P5×P7 (2.78%) in E1 and P5×P10 (2.58%) in E2 exhibited maximum positive economic heterosis for grain starch content over the best check HQPM-1. The maximum positive economic heterosis for grain protein content was exhibited by hybrid P5×P8 (4.14 %) in E1 and by P3×P5 (2.49%) in E2 over the best check HQPM-5.
Transforming Youth Ministry Higher Education in Kenya: A Practical Theological Approach
Authors: Chiroma Nathan H. , Muriithi Kevin
Published: September 2019

Youth ministry in Kenya is evolving. In the Presbyterian churches in Kenya for instance, new positions for full time youth workers show the increasing emphasis on youth work. However, youth workers in many of the Kenyan churches have not been trained in youth work. If trained, the curriculum of the institutions of training reveals a lacuna in a practical theological approach to youth work. This article argues that effective youth work lies at the nexus of theory, reflection and praxis, hence higher educational institutions and seminaries, in particular, must reconsider youth ministry education curriculum to meet the current state and need of youth in Africa. Using a desk study, this paper reviewed relevant literature regarding youth ministry in Higher education. Although Africa is seen as a young continent, yet many educational institutions lack curriculum that is contextualized for youth ministry. The practical theological approach of Richard Osmer is utilized in this paper by looking at what is happening, that is, the lacuna in youth work curriculum; the literature reveals that even though some form of training is happening, there is a need to further standardize the curriculum to include key courses that are crucial in youth ministry; the interpretive paradigm of “why” considers western approaches in classical theology that entrench youth marginalization in Africa; the study find out that most of the literature in youth ministry are written from a western perspective with only few African authors, the normative question, that is, “what ought to happen” considers a biblical-theology of youth work from various literature and some South African institutions and the pragmatic question, that is, “the how”, proposes Pan Africa Christian University as a model Kenyan institution that is transforming youth ministry education in Kenya through the various programs they offer in youth ministry.
Novel Application of Vasofix Cannula for Punctal and Canalicular Laceration
Authors: Krishnacharya Prabhakar Srinivasapuram , Naaz Shamshiya , Reddy Raghavendar , Singhal Anuj Kumar
Published: September 2019

Aim: Purpose of present study is to investigate the efficacy of vasofix cannula in preserving punctum position and canalicular patency.

Presentation of Case: A thirty four year old male patient presented with multiple right both eyelid injuries consisting of lower punctum, vertical and horizontal canalicular laceration, lower eyelid tear with tarsal plate fracture with pretarsal orbicularis muscle splitting, laceration near lateral canthus running for about an inch horizontally and vertical upper lid laceration near upper punctum inflicted by flying zinc sheet at work place. Examination revealed normal and intact ocular functions. Ocular movements were full with unremarkable fundoscopy. CT orbit showed no orbital fractures and intraocular foreign body. Vasofix cannula 24 Gauge inserted into lower punctum and canaliculus, and anchored to lid margin by vicryl 10-0 along with lid laceration repair under local anesthesia.

Discussion: Punctal position, canalicular support and patency were maintained with no infection or extrusion. There was no epiphora or ocular irritation during 10 weeks of follow up.

Conclusion: This case study describes management of monopunctal and horizontal as well vertical canalicular laceration by vasofix cannula acting as a stent. Anatomical and physiological functions restored with acceptable cosmetic appearance. Added advantage is that all time availability of cannula in all operation theatres. Although Vasofix cannula is semi flexible in nature can be used as a stent for canalicular intubation purpose.
Physiological stress and behavioural responses of European Rollers and Eurasian Scops Owls to human disturbance differ in farming habitats in the south of Spain
Authors: EXPÓSITO-GRANADOS MÓNICA , PAREJO DESEADA , CHASTEL OLIVIER , AVILÉS JESÚS M.
Published: September 2019

Human activities are altering ecosystems and threatening the well-being of wildlife. The study of the stressful effects of human disturbances on animal distribution, physiology and behaviour can provide fundamental insights for wildlife conservation. Here, we assess how two declining birds, the European RollerCoracias garrulusand the European Scops OwlOtus scops,cope with alteration by human activities in farming habitats of the south of Spain. We studied nest distribution, quantified nestling physiology (corticosterone levels in plasma and feathers and body weight close to fledgling) and parental behaviour (feeding rates) of both species along a human alteration gradient. Rollers and Scops Owls used the same type of habitat and their spatial distribution was not determined by individual quality. In Rollers, nestlings raised in scrubland areas had high stress-induced corticosterone levels, possibly due to high predation risk in this habitat. In addition, Rollers and Scops Owls showed opposite relationships with farming activity and human disturbance. Nestling Rollers showed the highest corticosterone levels in feathers, weight and parental feeding rates in areas with intense farming activity. These results suggest that despite the disturbance produced by farming activities, inducing a higher stress in these areas, cultivated areas may, simultaneously, provide parents with a higher abundance of prey which would trigger increased feeding rates and, hence, higher nestling weights. Furthermore, nestling Scops Owls showed the highest stress-induced corticosterone levels in areas close to roads, suggesting that they would be affected by human disturbance due to infrastructures that disturb also at night when Scops Owls are active. Therefore, susceptibility to human disturbance may vary between species, probably due to variation in the daily pattern of human activities and the species’ activity rhythm, buffering or exacerbating the effects, which should be considered in future studies on human alterations and birds.
Can methods based on spot urine samples be used to estimate average population 24 h sodium excretion? Results from the Isfahan Salt Study
Authors: Mohammadifard Noushin , Marateb Hamidreza , Mansourian Marjan , Khosravi Alireza , Abdollahi Zahra , Campbell Norman RC , Webster Jacqui , Petersen Kristina , Sarrafzadegan Nizal
Published: September 2019

Objective:

To assess agreement between established methods of estimating salt intake from spot urine collections and 24 h urinary Na (24hUNa) and then to develop a valid formula that can be used in the Iranian population to estimate salt intake from spot urine samples.

Design:

A validation study. Three spot urine samples were collected (fasting second-void morning; afternoon; evening) on the same day as a 24 h urine collection. We estimated 24hUNa from spot specimens using the Kawasaki, Tanaka and INTERSALT equations. Two new formulas were developed, the Iran formula 1 (Iran 1) and Iran formula 2 (Iran 2), based on our population characteristics.

Setting:

Iranian adults recruited in 2014–2015.

Participants:

Healthy volunteer adults aged ≥18 years.

Results:

With all three spot urine specimens, predicted population 24hUNa was underestimated based on the INTERSALT equation (−469 to −708 mg/d; all P < 0·05) and conversely overestimation occurred with the Kawasaki equation (926 to 1080 mg/d; all P < 0·01). The Tanaka equation produced comparable estimates to measured 24hUNa (–151 to 86 mg/d; all P > 0·49). The newly derived formulas, Iran 1 and Iran 2, showed less mean bias than the established equations (Iran 1: 43 to 80 mg/d, all P > 0·55; Iran 2: 22 to 90 mg/d, all P > 0·50).

Conclusions:

In this Iranian sample, the Tanaka equation and newly derived formulas produced group-level estimates comparable to measured 24hUNa. The newly developed formulas showed less mean bias than established equations; however, they need to be tested for generalization in a larger sample.
Long-wave radiation balances of grassy surface and bare soil in Wrocław
Authors: Bryś Krystyna , Bryś Tadeusz , Ojrzyńska Hanna
Published: September 2019

The paper goal is to show diurnal, seasonal and year to year variability of long-wave radiation balances of two contrasting types of active surfaces – grassy and bare soil in the context of bioclimatic and ecological role of plant areas in a big city. The analyses was conducted on example of Wrocław (SW Poland) and the experimental results were obtained from about twelve-year period of measurements. The average annual values of fluxes of the main components of these long-wave balances reached: 368.6 W/m2 for the long-wave radiation of bare soil, 363.6 W/m2 for the long-wave radiation of grassy surface and 322.9 W/m2 for the downward atmospheric radiation. These differences between values of bare soil and grassy surfaces varied during the year from negative values in winter to positive values in spring and the summer. The final conclusion of the study is an important empirical argument for urban planning to extend share of plant areas in cities and urban agglomerations.
Implementation of greywater heat recovery system in hospitals
Authors: Dudkiewicz Edyta , Ludwińska Agnieszka , Rajski Krzysztof
Published: September 2019

The constant demand for domestic hot water (DHW) creates great opportunity for drain water heat recovery (DWHR) systems in hospitals, so there is an enormous potential to reduce energy consumption in accordance to the EU environmental policy. This paper aims to assess the energy saving from greywater in hospitals. The energy analysis considered the type, constructions, efficiency of the proposed four types of heat exchangers (HEX). The measured data from two Polish hospitals was elaborated and calculated for two supply cold water temperatures: constant and variable. Results ensure that implementation of HEX type GFX allows to save up 30% of the energy demand.
Energy efficient environment in architecture
Authors: Kakenovna Samuratova Tatigul , Eralinovna Kaliyeva Zhanar , Makhanov Mukhtar , Kerymbaevna Yermekova Zhadyra
Published: September 2019

In modern conditions the building can not only consume energy from the outside, but also produce its own. A new role has acquired such energy sources as the sun and wind. Energy saving in architecture follows from the requirements of regulatory documents and includes: the use of alternative energy sources, the installation of energy-saving equipment. Using examples of modern technologies, it is shown that along with energy savings, it is possible to create environmentally friendly and more interesting architectural images. The basics of the formation in the architecture of energy-efficient spaces, methods and techniques of using the energy of the future in the architecture of Kazakhstan are studied.
Classification of saline water for irrigated agriculture using near infrared spectroscopy coupled with pattern recognition techniques
Authors: Lapcharoensuk Ravipat , Phuphanutada Jirawat , Wongpromrat Patthranit
Published: September 2019

This research aimed to create near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy models for the classification of saline water with a pattern recognition technique. A total of 112 water samples were collected from the Tha Chin river basin in Thailand. Water samples with salinity less than 0.2 g/l were identified as suitable for agriculture, while water samples with salinity higher than 0.2 g/l were found to be unsuitable. The NIR spectra of water samples were recorded using a Fourier transform (FT) NIR spectrometer in the wavenumber of 12,500–4,000 cm-1. The salinity of each water sample was analysed by electrical conductivity meter. Identification models were established with 5 supervised pattern recognition techniques including k-nearest neighbour (k-NN), support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN), soft independent modelling of class analogies (SIMCA), and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The performance of the NIR model was carried out with a split-test method. About 80% of spectra (90 spectra) were randomly selected to develop the classification models. After model development, the NIR spectroscopy models were used to classify the categories of the remaining samples (22 samples). The ANN model showed the highest performance for classifying saline water with precision, recall, F-measure and accuracy of 84.6%, 100.0%, 91.7% and 90.9%, respectively. Other techniques presented satisfactory classification results with accuracy greater than 68.2%. This point indicated that NIR spectroscopy coupled with the pattern recognition technique could be applied to classify saline water for agricultural use according to salinity level in natural resources.
Energy saving and reduction of emissions in heating residential buildings in Poland – potential and selected activities
Authors: Lis Piotr
Published: September 2019

The communal and living sector, to the extent that it is the sub-sector of buildings with a majority share of residential buildings, on average, account for approximately 41% of total energy consumption in the European Union. Due to a large share in the total energy consumption, the buildings sector has a significant potential to improve the energy efficiency of existing buildings and thus significantly reduce emission of air pollutants. One way is through thermal modernization. The article presents the expected energy and environmental effects of measures which adjust the existing residential buildings to the requirements in force in Poland since 2021. It has been assumed that the energy demand for heating buildings will be limited to the level of 55 kWh/(m2year) for multi-family residential buildings and 60 kWh/(m2year) for single-family residential buildings. The calculations show that it is possible to reduce energy consumption for heating of residential buildings by over 70%, which will result in a reduction of the total air pollutant emissions from housing heating, in relation to the situation in 2011. The article indicates existing reserves in thermal modernization activities and related problems based on the analysis of selected parameters of residential buildings.
Oversizing and HVAC system operation
Authors: Stanescu Magdalena , Kajl Stanislaw , Lamarche Louis
Published: September 2019

This paper presents the monitoring results for the HVAC systems installed in a university building, which prove that oversizing is a real problem with existing systems. In our study, how the zones served by systems are grouped is a major cause of oversizing. This is particularly obvious when monitoring the systems serving the zones on a single facade; monitoring those in zones situated on two facades shows that additional reasons must also be considered as well. The monitoring presented in the paper is carried out on four systems, two serving zones on a single facade and two others serving zones located on two facades. Following the processing of the ensuing data, the results obtained show that the systems mostly function at between 55 and 65% of their design capacity. An analysis of these results indicates that a better design approach could reduce the total airflow rate of HVAC systems, reduce building energy consumption, and promote better systems operation.
Determining atmospheric electric fields through radio emission from air showers
Authors: Trinh Gia , Scholten Olaf , Ebert Ute , Leijnse Hidde , Rutjes Casper
Published: September 2019

During thunderstorm conditions the radio footprint (intensity as well as polarization) of cosmic ray showers deviates strongly from those measured during fair weather. We have been able to interpret this pattern in terms of atmospheric electric fields. We see that even when there is no thunderstorm activity within 100 km distance within an hour of the event, the radio footprint may be strongly affected
Analog and Digital Signal Processing for Pressure Source Imaging at 190 MeV Proton Beam
Authors: Vallicelli Elia A. , Riva Michele , Zannoni Mario , Baschirotto Andrea , De Matteis Marcello
Published: September 2019

Oncological hadron therapy utilizes a beam of charged particles to destroy the tumor cells, exploiting the particular deposition curve that allow minimum damage to the surrounding healty tissues compared to traditional radiotherapy. Sulak and Hayakawa’s works have shown the applicability of this technique in clinical scenarios, but the lack of dedicated electronics for this type of experiments affects the spatial resolution that can be obtained with this technique [1]. This work presents an integrated analog front-end dedicated to ionoacoustic experiments that allows to estimate the position of the Bragg Peak with an average deviation of 1% with respect to the real position.
Accelerometer-based glass-break detector for alarm applications
Authors: Mach Václav , Valouch Jan , Ševčík Jiří , Miguel Soares Silva Rui
Published: September 2019

The aim of this paper is to introduce and improve the functionality and reliability of the indoor glass-break detectors for the security application. The most vulnerable part of the house security are the windows which are fragile and very easy to overcome. The glass-break or shock detector are generally used to detect the potential intruder by vibration which is spreading through the glass. The alarm is triggered when a threshold level of the vibration is exceeded. However, the further information of the intrusion is missing. The goal of this paper is a design of a glass-break detector based on the accelerometer which can also detect the vibration in the glass panels with higher accuracy. The main advantage of the implemented accelerometer is the ability to sense several influences of the environment. The program can reliably distinguish between main influences like the rain, storm or strong wind. This function can also be used for the non-alarm application. However, the main function is still focused on the security application. The designed detector should be able to communicate with commercially made Control and Indicating Equipment via the wired connection.
Warehouse design for production needs
Authors: Viskup Pavel , Gálová Kateřina
Published: September 2019

The presented article was written based on experience from the proposal of design of a new storage system for the needs of creating student theses. Based on cooperation of our faculty with one local company, we were invited as consultants to help with preparations of a new warehouse that will be located in the recently purchased building. The aim was to design a warehouse layout and design storage systems for the materials used in the manufacturing process and the storage of finished products.
Predicting leaf state effects on radiowaves based on propagation loss measurements
Authors: Al Salameh Mohammed Saleh H.
Published: September 2019

A new propagation model is proposed for estimating the attenuation of wireless communication signals in woodland environments. After rainfall or snowfall, the components of the woodland area become moist which degrades the received signal level. To take this into account, the model considers wet/dry states of the foliage, and its dependency on the operating frequency. The parameters of the propagation loss model are optimized using the least squares method. To demonstrate the validity and usefulness of the model, computed results are compared with measured data where excellent matching is observed. It is noted that not only the foliage and rainfall affect the propagation phenomenon, but also wet foliage condition after rainfall contributes to the fading of the wave.
Traffic model using a novel sniffer that ensures the user data privacy
Authors: Espinal Albert , Estrada Rebeca , Monsalve Carlos
Published: September 2019

Nowadays, the traffic over the networks is changing because of new protocols, devices and applications. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the impact over services and resources. Traffic Classification of network is a very important prerequisite for tasks such as traffic engineering and provisioning quality of service. In this paper, we analyze the variable packet size of the traffic in an university campus network through the collected data using a novel sniffer that ensures the user data privacy. We separate the collected data by type of traffic, protocols and applications. Finally, we estimate the traffic model that represents this traffic by means of a Poisson process and compute its associated numerical parameters.
Kinematic Studies in the Field of Accuracy and Position Determination of Aircrafts Using the PPP Technique by the GPS System
Authors: Setlak Lucjan , Kowalik Rafał
Published: September 2019

This article discusses the results of the measurements of position accuracy in 3D space for a UAV object using real-time kinematic measurements of the GPS system. The aim of the research presented in the work was to determine all three components (x, y, z) describing the location of the UAV object during the flight and making comparative characteristics using the PPS navigation service. Comparison of the differences between the two methods showed that the obtained results are characterized by a 95% of certainty. The results obtained in this experiment showed the accuracy of height measurement using the PPS GNSS system at a level of 10-80 centimeters. The results of this study also indicate that kinematic measurements can be very useful in the work of the air traffic controller and engineers of other specialties involved in position determination using satellite techniques. The article also presents a mathematical model defining the process of determining the position of a UAV object during the flight, taking into account kinematic measurements. In the final part of the work, practical conclusions were presented based on the analysis and selected simulation tests.
Trapeziometacarpal Joint Arthroplasty of the Thumb without Osseous Tunnels and Carpal Tunnel Release via a Radial Approach; Technique, and Results
Authors: Chan Chung Ming , Cisneros Efraín Farías , Tsai Tsu-Min
Published: September 2019

Background Numerous surgeries have been described for osteoarthritis of the trapeziometacarpal (TMC) joint. We describe the senior author's experience with his technique of concurrent arthroplasty of the TMC joint, and carpal tunnel release (CTR) via a radial approach.

Methods The study is a case series of patients managed over a 3-year period. We included 86 patients over 40 years of age that had concurrent CTR. We used the paired t-test to compare the preoperative and postoperative grip strength and functional scoring (including the Levine-Katz questionnaire for carpal tunnel syndrome, disabilities of the arm shoulder and hand [DASH] score and QuickDASH9).

Results Mean age at surgery was 62.8 years, and mean follow-up was 13.1 months. Functional outcomes were analyzed in 65 patients. Grip strength returned to the preoperative measurement by 3 months. Analysis of the nine patients followed up for more than 13 months postoperatively showed a significant increase in grip strength at last follow-up. The grip strength in both hands was also similar beyond 13 months. Significant decreases in the functional scores recorded indicated a reduction in disability, symptom severity, and functional impairment.

Conclusions In conclusion, we present the favorable results of this technique of TMC arthroplasty and CTR involving no bone tunnels and short-term immobilization.