bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive factors for improvement of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage by selective intra-arterial administration of fasudil hydrochloride
Authors: Kuwano Atsushi , Ishiguro Taichi , Nomura Shunsuke , Omura Yoshihiro , Hodotsuka Kenichi , Tanaka Yukiko , Murakami Masato , Kawamata Takakazu , Kawashima Akitsugu
Published: February 2023

Background

Symptomatic cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a significant cause of delayed cerebral ischemia that leads to poor outcomes. Selective intra-arterial administration of fasudil hydrochloride (IAF) has been adopted for its vasodilatory effect on spasm arteries to prevent delayed cerebral ischemia. However, its effect on clinical outcomes and predictive factors for good recovery are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the outcomes of selective IAF and identify predictive factors for good outcomes in patients with cerebral vasospasm after SAH.

Methods

A retrospective study of 36 patients with cerebral vasospasm following SAH who underwent selective IAF at our institution between January 2014 and May 2022 was conducted. We evaluated the improvements in neurological findings before and after selective IAF. Statistical analyses were performed to determine factors associated with good outcomes.

Results

Selective IAF improved the neurological findings in 26 patients (72.2%). Pre-therapeutic absence of cerebral infarction in more than 1/3 of the spasm artery perfusion area was significantly associated with an improvement in neurological findings ( p < 0.0001). Furthermore, there was a tendency for a good outcome when the age was younger ( p = 0.093), and the spasm was limited to peripheral vessels ( p = 0.065).

Conclusion

Our study indicates that selective IAF has a promising effect in improving symptomatic vasospasm, except when a large cerebral infarction exists in the spasm artery perfusion area. Early consideration of selective IAF could be recommended once patients experience symptomatic cerebral vasospasm after SAH.
Study of a novel hydro turbine with ultra-small unit discharge in theoretical calculation and numerical simulation
Authors: Li Yanpin , Liu Anran , Chen Dexin , Kou Pangao , Zhang Zichao , Zhang Lihong
Published: February 2023

A novel hydro turbine with the ultra-small unit discharge was suggested and studied for the first time. It was specially developed for hydraulic energy recovery with a smaller flow rate and medium available head, its highlight feature is straight blades in the radial direction. In this paper, the theoretical and numerical simulation of a novel hydro turbine was studied. First, with the working process and principles introduced, the theoretical models were established for the prediction of optimal unit speed, optimal unit discharge, and performance curves. Second, numerical simulation was carried out to study the performance of the novel turbine and verify the theoretical models. Different mesh quantity cases were investigated to select an accurate configuration. The numerical simulation predicted that optimal unit speed was 57.07 r/min, and optimal unit discharge was 0.0705 [Formula: see text]/s, while the specific speed was 42.3 m kW. Comparisons between theoretical calculation and numerical simulation show the accuracy of the theoretical models. Finally, a tail energy recovery runner was proposed to improve the performance of the novel turbine, and maximum efficiency was improved from 79.6% to 84.5%. The novel hydro turbine fills the blank working area between Pelton turbine and Francis turbine, and could be easily applied to engineering with low cost and simple manufacture.
Contextual factors for the successful implementation of self-management interventions for chronic diseases: A qualitative review of reviews
Authors: Noordman Janneke , Meurs Maaike , Poortvliet Rune , Rusman Tamara , Orrego-Villagran Carola , Ballester Marta , Ninov Lyudmil , de Guzmán Ena Niño , Alonso-Coello Pablo , Groene Oliver , Suñol Rosa , Heijmans Monique , Wagner Cordula
Published: February 2023

Objectives

To identify and describe the most relevant contextual factors (CFs) from the literature that influence the successful implementation of self-management interventions (SMIs) for patients living with type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, COPD and/or heart failure.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative review of reviews. Four databases were searched, 929 reviews were identified, 460 screened and 61 reviews met the inclusion criteria. CFs in this paper are categorized according to the Tailored Implementation for Chronic Diseases framework.

Results

A great variety of CFs was identified on several levels, across all four chronic diseases. Most CFs were on the level of the patient, the professional and the interaction level, while less CFs were obtained on the level of the intervention, organization, setting and national level. No differences in main themes of CFs across all four diseases were found.

Discussion

For the successful implementation of SMIs, it is crucial to take CFs on several levels into account simultaneously. Person-centered care, by tailoring SMIs to patients’ needs and circumstances, may increase the successful uptake, application and implementation of SMIs in real-life practice. The next step will be to identify the most important CFs according to various stakeholders through a group consensus process.
Morbidity and utilisation of healthcare services among people with cardiometabolic disease in three diverse regions of rural India
Authors: Zaman Sojib Bin , Evans Roger G , Chow Clara K , Joshi Rohina , Thankappan Kavumpurathu R , Oldenburg Brian , Mahal Ajay S , Kalyanram Kartik , Kartik Kamakshi , Riddell Michaela A , Suresh Oduru , Thomas Nihal , Mini Gomathyamma K , Maulik Pallab K , Srikanth Velandai K , Thrift Amanda G
Published: February 2023

Objectives

To assess the prevalence and determinants of cardiometabolic disease (CMD), and the factors associated with healthcare utilisation, among people with CMD.

Methods

Using a cross-sectional design, 11,657 participants were recruited from randomly selected villages in 3 regions located in Kerala and Andhra Pradesh from 2014 to 2016. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with CMD and healthcare utilisation (public or private).

Results

Thirty-four per cent (n = 3629) of participants reported having ≥1 CMD, including hypertension (21.6%), diabetes (11.6%), heart disease (5.0%) or chronic kidney disease (CKD) (1.6%). The prevalence of CMD was progressively greater in regions of greater socio-economic position (SEP), ranging from 19.1% to 40.9%. Among those with CMD 41% had sought any medical advice in the last month, with only 19% utilising public health facilities. Among people with CMD, those with health insurance utilised more healthcare (age-gender adjusted odds ratio (AOR) (95% confidence interval (CI)): 1.31 (1.13, 1.51)) as did those who reported accessing private rather than public health services (1.43 (1.23, 1.66)).

Discussion

The prevalence of CMD is high in these regions of rural India and is positively associated with indices of SEP. The utilisation of outpatient health services, particularly public services, among those with CMD is low.
Supporting pregnant and parenting women who use alcohol during pregnancy: A scoping review of trauma-informed approaches
Authors: Morton Ninomiya Melody E , Almomani Yasmeen , Dunbar Winsor Katharine , Burns Nicole , Harding Kelly D , Ropson Megan , Chaves Debbie , Wolfson Lindsay
Published: February 2023

Alcohol is legalized and used for a variety of reasons, including socially or as self-medication for trauma in the absence of accessible and safe supports. Trauma-informed approaches can help address the root causes of alcohol use, as well as the stigma around women’s alcohol use during pregnancy. However, it is unclear how these approaches are used in contexts where pregnant and/or parenting women access care. Our objective was to synthesize existing literature and identify promising trauma-informed approaches to working with pregnant and/or parenting women who use alcohol. A multidisciplinary team of scholars with complementary expertise worked collaboratively to conduct a rigorous scoping review. All screening, extraction, and analysis was independently conducted by at least two authors before any differences were discussed and resolved through team consensus. The Joanna Briggs Institute method was used to map existing evidence from peer-reviewed articles found in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Social Work Abstracts, and Web of Science. Data were extracted to describe study demographics, articulate trauma-informed principles in practice, and gather practice recommendations. Thirty-six studies, mostly from the United States and Canada, were included for analysis. Studies reported on findings of trauma-informed practice in different models of care, including live-in treatment centers, case coordination/management, integrated and wraparound supports, and outreach—for pregnant women, mothers, or both. We report on how the following four principles of trauma-informed practices were applied and articulated in the included studies: (1) trauma awareness; (2) safety and trustworthiness; (3) choice, collaboration, and connection; and (4) strengths-based approach and skill building. This review advances and highlights the importance of understanding trauma and applying trauma-informed practice and principles to better support women who use alcohol to reduce the risk of alcohol-exposed pregnancies. Relationships and trust are central to trauma-informed care. Moreover, when applying trauma-informed practices with pregnant and parenting women who use alcohol, we must consider the unique stigma attached to alcohol use.
Response generation, not response execution, influences feelings of rightness in reasoning
Authors: Stewart Kaiden M , Risko Evan F , Fugelsang Jonathan
Published: February 2023

It has been argued that the experience of ease (i.e., the ability to quickly generate an initial response) during processing influences one’s likelihood of engaging reflectively when reasoning. This is a key facet of Metacognitive Reasoning Theory (MRT) and numerous studies have found support for this claim by showing that answers that come to mind quickly, are associated with higher feelings of rightness (FORs), and less reflective processing. However, the possibility remains that the critical determinant of FORs may be the speed of executing a response and not generating a response, given the nature of the evidence for this claim. Across two experiments, we manipulated the duration of the response execution to identify whether participants’ FOR judgements are at least partially based on factors occurring after the initial mental generation of an answer. We found no evidence that FORs nor reflection are influenced by a manipulation of response execution. Broadly, the present investigation provides evidence that the relation between speed of response and FORs is likely due to the speed with which an answer is generated internally, and not the response execution phase. These findings are consistent with Metacognitive Reasoning Theory and provide further support for the suggestion that answer fluency is the critical variable in determining FORs. All data, scripts, and materials can be found at https://osf.io/f48az/
The production of referring expressions is influenced by the likelihood of next mention
Authors: Bott Oliver , Solstad Torgrim
Published: February 2023

The present study provides converging evidence across three next-mention biases that likelihood of coreference influences the choice of referring expression: implicit causality (IC), the goal bias of transfer-of-possession (ToP) verbs, and implicit consequentiality (I-Cons). A pilot study and four experiments investigated coreference production in German using a forced-reference paradigm. The pilot study used object- and subject-biased IC verbs, showing a statistically marginal influence of next-mention bias on referential expressions, albeit mediated by grammatical function and feature overlap between antecedents. Experiment 1 focused on these features for object reference with ToP verbs, showing effects of coreference bias. In a within-participants comparison, Experiment 2 showed comparable effects for two classes of IC verbs, stimulus–experiencer and experiencer–stimulus predicates. Experiment 3 replicated and extended the IC form effects to another verb class, agent–evocator verbs. Finally, Experiment 4 revealed effects on anaphoric form also for I-Cons, while simultaneously replicating the effect observed for IC.
Ruminations on William Bain’s Political Theology of International Order
Authors: Kratochwil Friedrich
Published: February 2023

This article reviews Wiliam Bains book and places it in the wider discussion of seciularization vs. secularism taking place in the social science. in general.
Political theologies of Christian missionaries, European colonialism, and postcolonial resistance
Authors: Idris Murad
Published: February 2023

This review supplements William Bain’s Political Theology of International Order by sketching out two historical threads that are inseparable from the histories of European thought and order that occupy the book. There are gestures toward both strands along the margins of Bain’s account, in a few observations and footnotes. They also have important implications for the place of political theological difference in this story and for the status of colonialism, hierarchy, and resistance. First, I expand on some of the book’s references to non-Christians and discuss the place of Islamic theology. Second, reflecting on Luther in relation to Muslim empires and adapting Bain’s acknowledgment of Grotius’s justifications for colonialism, I highlight the significance of hierarchy, enmity, and violence for a number of the thinkers mentioned, especially what their political theologies authorize in relation to non-Christians. These two sets of observations can help us imagine a complementary story less about international order than about the politics of proselytization and colonization. It also raises questions about the work that political theology as an analytic can do, especially when we globalize political theory and international political thought. I conclude by pondering the place of resistance in relation to imposed order and immanent order.
Effects of different stent size selection on pipeline embolization device treatment of intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Tong Xin , Han Mingyang , Wu Zhongxue , Feng Xin , Liu Aihua
Published: February 2023

Background:

Pipeline embolization device (PED) is becoming increasingly common in therapeutic practice. In idealized model studies, treatment effectiveness may vary with different stent sizes in the same vasculature. The true effect of stent size selection in the clinical setting remains unknown, however.

Objective:

To determine the true effect of stent size selection in the clinical setting.

Design:

It is a retrospective review.

Methods:

A retrospective review was conducted on consecutive patients with aneurysms treated with a PED at our institution. The primary exposures were the difference between the diameter of the stent and the parent artery (DD) and the difference between the length of the stent and the aneurysm neck (DL). The outcomes were the clinical and angiographic results, perioperative complications, balloon application, and in-stent stenosis. The results were generated using univariable and multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves.

Results:

A larger DD was significantly associated with incomplete occlusion [odds ratio (OR) = 2.37; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.43–3.98; p < 0.001], while a larger DL was significantly associated with balloon application (OR = 1.12; 95% CI = 1.02–1.23; p = 0.021) and in-stent stenosis (>25%) (OR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.01–1.16; p = 0.042). The RCS curve indicated that the risk of incomplete occlusion increased as the DD became larger, the possibility of balloon application increased as the DL increased when the DL was >5.7 mm, and the risk of in-stent stenosis (>25%) increased as the DL increased.

Conclusion:

In the clinical setting, stent selection was associated with treatment effectiveness and may add to the treatment burden. These occurrences should be considered for aneurysms treated with PED.
Platycodin D-Induced Immunotoxicity in RAW 264.7 Macrophages via Oxidative Stress-Mediated Apoptosis
Authors: Du Xinying , Cui Xinhai , Sun Xiaowen , Li Hui , Xu Kuo , Fu Xianjun
Published: February 2023

Platycodin D (PD) is a naturally occurring, biologically active triterpenoid saponin isolated from a medicinal food homology plant called Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A. DC. It is involved in the processing of various biological activities. While investigating the anti-inflammatory property of PD using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, we unexpectedly found that PD exhibited toxicity to RAW 264.7 cells. In this study, the toxic effect of PD on RAW 264.7 cells was systematically evaluated for the first time. The results showed that PD (12.5−200 µM) significantly reduced cell viability and inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. At a concentration of 20 µM, PD significantly increased lactate dehydrogenase activity and the mRNA and protein expression of Bax, p53, Casp3, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Interestingly, PD (0.8−20 µM) inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. PD (20 µM) also significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the expression of oxidative stress-related genes and proteins. This study revealed that PD exhibited immunotoxicity to RAW 264.7 cells, with possible mechanisms including oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis resulting in activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and dysregulated expression of inflammatory cytokines. This study evaluated the impact of PD on immunity and provided guidelines for its future biological application.
Improving Ambulatory Surgery Environments: The Effects on Patient Preoperative Anxiety, Perception, and Noise
Authors: Quan Xiaobo
Published: February 2023

Objectives:

The study aimed to comparatively evaluate three types of preoperative care environment in terms of patient experience outcomes including patient preoperative anxiety, perceived environmental qualities, and noise level.

Background:

Preoperative anxiety is a major healthcare problem causing delays, complications, dissatisfaction, and rising healthcare costs. The design of preoperative spaces may play an important role in reducing preoperative anxiety and improving outcomes.

Methods:

Anonymous questionnaire surveys were conducted with 228 patients in the three types of preoperative bays that varied in terms of bay size and the amount of hard-wall partitions between bays to compare patient self-reported anxiety and perceived environmental qualities. Sound level measurements were conducted throughout the three preoperative care units.

Results:

Female patients in the preoperative unit with largest bays and full hard-wall partitions between bays reported significantly lower levels of subjective anxiety ( p’s = .002, <.001) and higher levels of perceived environmental qualities on privacy, cleanliness, noise, and pleasantness ( p’s from <.001 to .017) than patients in the units with smaller bays and no or partial hard-wall partitions. Similar but less clear pattern was found among male patients. The lowest average noise levels were recorded in the unit with largest bays and full hard-wall partitions between bays (2.3–6.1 decibels lower than the other units).

Conclusions:

The design of preoperative care environment may contribute to the better management of preoperative anxiety. Further efforts in research and design are needed to maximize the benefits in clinical, experiential, and financial outcomes.
News Can Help! The Impact of News Media and Digital Platforms on Awareness of and Belief in Misinformation
Authors: Altay Sacha , Nielsen Rasmus Kleis , Fletcher Richard
Published: February 2023

Does the news media exacerbate or reduce misinformation problems? Although some news media deliberately try to counter misinformation, it has been suggested that they might also inadvertently, and sometimes purposefully, amplify it. We conducted a two-wave panel survey in Brazil, India, and the UK ( N = 4732) to investigate the effect of news and digital platform use on awareness of and belief in COVID-19 misinformation over time (January to February 2022). We find little support for the idea that the news exacerbates misinformation problems. News use broadened people's awareness of false claims but did not increase belief in false claims—in some cases, news use actually weakened false belief acquisition, depending on access mode (online or offline) and outlet type. In line with previous research, we also find that news use strengthens political knowledge gain over time, again depending on outlets used. The effect of digital platforms was inconsistent across countries, and in most cases not significant—though some, like Twitter, were associated with positive outcomes while others were associated with negative outcomes. Overall, our findings challenge the notion that news media, by reporting on false and misleading claims, ultimately leave the public more misinformed, and support the idea that news helps people become more informed and, in some cases, more resilient to misinformation.
Pandemic Nationalism: Use of Government Social Media for Political Information and Belief in COVID-19 Conspiracy Theories in China
Authors: Chen Anfan , Lu Yingdan , Chen Kaiping , Ng Aaron Yikai
Published: February 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic unleashed a torrent of conspiracy theories across different social media platforms. Parallel to this conspiracy wave was a heightened sense of nationalism, which manifested through both in-group solidarity and perceived out-group threats. In this study, we examine how individuals’ use of government social media to gather political information correlated with nation-related conspiracy beliefs during the pandemic. Data were collected from 745 subjects in China and analyzed through path analyses, which allowed us to examine the direct association with political information consumption from government social media and the indirect association with nationalism on conspiracy beliefs. The results indicated that the use of government social media to gather political information was associated with greater beliefs in nation-variant COVID-19 conspiracies, both directly and through different mediations of nationalism. Our findings highlight the importance of examining government social media use and how nationalism can have differentiated mediation effects on beliefs in conspiracy theories.
A Longitudinal Case-Control Study of a Female Athlete Preinjury and After ACL Reconstruction: Hop Performance, Knee Muscle Strength, and Knee Landing Mechanics
Authors: Naili Josefine E. , Markström Jonas L. , Häger Charlotte K.
Published: February 2023

Athletes with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury followed by ACL reconstruction (ACLR) often perform various testing to guide return to sport, but preinjury data are rarely available for comparison. This longitudinal case-control study reports absolute value and between-leg symmetry data on maximal performances for single-leg hop height and distance, muscle strength, and side hop landing mechanics of an 18-year-old female soccer athlete collected 5 months before sustaining an ACL injury and again at 10, 13, and 29 months post-ACLR. Her data were compared across test sessions and to cross-sectional data of 15 asymptomatic female athletes.
Predictors of long-term disability in multiple sclerosis patients using routine magnetic resonance imaging data: A 15-year retrospective study
Authors: Altokhis Amjad , Alotaibi Abdulmajeed , Morgan Paul , Tanasescu Radu , Evangelou Nikos
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Early identification of patients at high risk of progression could help with a personalised treatment strategy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures have been proposed to predict long-term disability in multiple sclerosis (MS), but a reliable predictor that can be easily implemented clinically is still needed.

Aim

Assess MRI measures during the first 5 years of the MS disease course for the ability to predict progression at 10+ years.

Methods

Eighty-two MS patients (53 females), with ≥10 years of clinical follow-up and having two MRI scans, were included. Clinical data were obtained at baseline, follow-up and at ≥10 years. White matter lesion (WML) counts and volumes, and four linear brain sizes were measured on T2/FLAIR ‘Fluid-Attenuated-Inversion-Recovery’ and T1-weighted images.

Results

Baseline and follow-up inter-caudate diameter (ICD) and third ventricular width (TVW) measures correlated positively with Expanded Disability Status Scale, ≥10 or more of WMLs showed a high sensitivity in predicting progression, at ≥10 years. A steeper rate of lesion volume increase was observed in subjects converting to secondary progressive MS. The sensitivity and specificity of both ICD and TVW, to predict disability at ≥10 years were 60% and 64%, respectively.

Conclusion

Despite advances in brain imaging and computerised volumetric analysis, ICD and TVW remain relevant as they are simple, fast and have the potential in predicting long-term disability. However, in this study, despite the statistical significance of these measures, the clinical utility is still not reliable.
The role of evidence-based misogyny in antifeminist online communities of the ‘manosphere’
Authors: Rothermel Ann-Kathrin
Published: February 2023

In recent years, there have been a growing number of online and offline attacks linked to a loosely connected network of misogynist and antifeminist online communities called ‘the manosphere’. Since 2016, the ideas spread among and by groups of the manosphere have also become more closely aligned with those of other Far-Right online networks. In this commentary, I explore the role of what I term ‘evidence-based misogyny’ for mobilization and radicalization into the antifeminist and misogynist subcultures of the manosphere. Evidence-based misogyny is a discursive strategy, whereby members of the manosphere refer to (and misinterpret) knowledge in the form of statistics, studies, news items and pop-culture and mimic accepted methods of knowledge presentation to support their essentializing, polarizing views about gender relations in society. Evidence-based misogyny is a core aspect for manosphere-related mobilization as it provides a false sense of authority and forges a collective identity, which is framed as a supposed ‘alternative’ to mainstream gender knowledge. Due to its core function to justify and confirm the misogynist sentiments of users, evidence-based misogyny serves as connector between the manosphere and both mainstream conservative as well as other Far-Right and conspiratorial discourses.
Interventions Focused on Independent Living Skills for Youth With Intellectual Disability or Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Taconet Ashley V. , Lombardi Allison R. , Madaus Joseph W. , Sinclair Tracy E. , Rifenbark Graham G. , Morningstar Mary E. , Langdon Shannon N.
Published: February 2023

Independent living skills (ILS) are crucial for the post-school success of students with disabilities. In this systematic literature review, we examined ILS interventions for secondary and postsecondary education students with intellectual disability or autism ranging from ages 13–24 years. Forty-two articles met the inclusion criteria and were examined. Findings indicated the most frequent intervention method used was prompting followed by video modeling/prompting. Technology was the most frequent modality used to deliver interventions. The most common types of ILS taught to students were cooking and cleaning. Implications for policy and practice include educators evaluating the range of ILS taught to students. Implications for future research include an emphasis on further developing technological interventions that expand to a wider variety of skills.
The Role of Personal and Contextual Resources on the Relationship Between Soul at Work and Discerning Millennial Employees
Authors: Clarence Mukti , Jena Lalatendu Kesari
Published: February 2023

In this study, the influence of soul at work on discerning millennial employees was analysed, keeping in mind the newer workforce and less paid attention to the nurturance of their soul and discernment. This article also studies and investigates the mediating and moderating roles of personal and contextual resources. 624 respondents (367 office and 257 online) were interviewed working as executives in manufacturing and service industries (public and private) from eastern and northern India. Data was gathered using a cross-sectional study, and structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed to study the hypothesis. The findings indicated a relationship between soul at work and discerning millennial employees. The impact of meditation and moderation was also found in this relationship. The study adds to the literature on the soul at work by combining it with discerning millennial employees, demonstrating its uniqueness and importance for the desired outcome. This research explains unique results with meaningful discussion and practical suggestions derived from the data.
Chinese Vaccine Diplomacy in the Eastern Mediterranean: Continuities and Rupture in Beijing’s Soft Power Prospects
Authors: Üngör Çağdaş
Published: February 2023

This article examines China’s vaccine drive in Eastern Mediterranean countries of Türkiye, Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, and the Palestinian territories during 2020–2021 from a soft power angle. 1 Although Chinese COVID-19 era health diplomacy is presented as a major breakthrough in the West, this study argues that continuities are more visible in the Eastern Mediterranean context with regard to China’s discourse and diplomatic practices. Beijing invested in the existing notions of propaganda, such as solidarity with developing countries, anti-Americanism, and economic partnership. In assessing the impact of Chinese vaccine diplomacy in the Eastern Mediterranean, the study investigates major diplomatic events and concludes that China could not improve its image in Türkiye in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Design and Development of Kardex and Nursing Reports in the Rehabilitation Hospital
Authors: Sepahvand Elham , Daryabor Aliyeh , Hosseini Razieh-sadat , Neyseh Fatemeh
Published: February 2023

Introduction

A nursing rehabilitation Kardex and reports could act as a framework to facilitate and organize rehabilitation programs.

Objectives

This study aimed to design a special Kardex and a structure to rehabilitation nursing reports.

Methods

This study was carried out in two phases consisting of literature review and Delphi method in Rofideh Rehabilitation Hospital, Tehran, Iran. In the first phase, a diverse literature review was done. PubMed, Elsevier, Web of Science, and Google Scholar as a search engine were searched using the keywords of Kardex, “nursing report,” “nursing note,” “nursing rehabilitation,” “nursing Kardex” from 2010 to 2020. After a literature review, the first draft of the Kardex was made. In the next step, using the Delphi method, the initial Kardex was sent to rehabilitation nursing experts in four rounds, and their comments were applied on that.

Results

The rehabilitation nursing Kardex was prepared after four rounds. The Kardex content included “Evaluation of nutritional needs,” “Requirements for daily living,” “Patients’ education,” “Examination of bedsores,” “Fall prevention,” and “communication with rehabilitation departments (physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy).”

Conclusion

Rehabilitation Kardex and nursing report sample can be used as a suitable tool to promote patients’ independence in rehabilitation centers.
A purple plaque in a patient with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Ramyead Sheena , Denton Christopher P , Orteu Catherine H , Swale Victoria , Mayor-Jerez Jorge , Gardette Emma
Published: February 2023

We present the case of a 43-year old woman with anti-U3 ribonucleoprotein antibody-positive systemic sclerosis presenting with an enlarging purple plaque on the left upper arm. The skin was not sclerotic; however, there had been a cluster of long-standing telangiectases preceding the plaque. Histology and immunohistochemistry confirmed an angiosarcoma. There are five reported cases in the literature about angiosarcoma arising in the skin of patients with systemic sclerosis; however, to our knowledge, this is the first to have arisen from non-sclerotic skin. We would urge clinicians to adopt a high index of suspicion for atypical vascular tumours presenting in patients with systemic sclerosis.
Extraction and Application of Pumpkin Peel Colorants for Natural Textile Dyeing
Authors: Che Jiangning , Teng Xinghua , Ji Junling
Published: February 2023

This preliminary research discusses the extraction of colorants from pumpkin peel as vegetable dyes and the potential dyeing capability of silk and cotton fabrics. For pumpkin extracts, thermal gravity analysis has verified the range of temperature for application, while a combination of UV–vis spectra and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis confirmed the main colored components and structural characteristics. It was found that the extracts of this vegetable dye have excellent thermal stability as well as stability in neutral and acid conditions. With the objective of achieving the greatest absorbency rate of extracted solution, the following optimum extraction conditions were obtained: 100% ethanol, an extraction temperature of 70°C, an extraction time of 60 min, and a material-to-liquor ratio of 1:10. To attain the highest dyeing uptake rate and K/ S values, the optimum dyeing profiles with meta-mordanting for silk fabrics were found to be 95°C, 90 min, pH 5.5, and a liquid ratio of 1:60. The optimum dyeing profiles with meta-mordanting for cotton fabrics were 95°C, 90 min, and a liquid ratio of 1:60. Nearly all colorfastness results for silk and cotton fabrics met the basic requirement of the China National Standard, except a few.
Scrototesticular Irradiation in Primary Testicular Lymphoma: A Guide for Scrotal Simulation (Dr Kanhu’s Burger Technique)
Authors: Patro Kanhu Charan , Avinash Ajitesh , Karthikeyan Keerthiga , Kundu Chittaranjan , Bhattacharyya Partha Sarathi , Pilaka Venkata Krishna Reddy , Rao Mrutyunjayarao Muvvala , Prabu Arunachalam Chithambara , Kumar Ayyalasomayajula Anil , Aketi Srinu , Prasad Parasa , Atchaiyalingam Mohanapriya , Radhakrishnan Kaviya Lakshmi
Published: February 2023

Primary testicular lymphoma (PTL) is a rare variant of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma that is predominant in old age group. Painless testicular swelling is the most common presentation. The standard of care is surgery in the form of radical orchiectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and central nervous system prophylaxis. Because of blood-testis barrier, contralateral testis acts as a sanctuary site for chemotherapy to act and hence scrototesticular radiation is advocated in order to reduce the chance of testicular relapse. Due to lack of any consensus simulation procedure, we propose here a step-by-step procedure for simulation of a case of PTL using a case scenario.
Epidemiology of Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia and Gastric Cancer
Authors: Pham Codey , Nguyen Wenker Theresa , El-Serag Hashem B
Published: February 2023

Gastric cancer remains one of the most common cancers globally. The pathogenesis of intestinal-type gastric cancer involves pre-malignant stages, including gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM), the replacement of native gastric foveolar and/or glandular epithelium by intestinal-type epithelium. GIM prevalence is highly variable based on geography and race/ethnicity partly due to the varying prevalence of H. pylori, a potent risk factor. However, gastric cancer incidence does not mirror that of H. pylori, demonstrating a complex interaction between H. pylori and risk factors. We will discuss the epidemiology of GIM and gastric cancer, including incidence trends, risk factors, and implications for future management.
TIM-3 signaling hijacks the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway to maintain cancer stemness in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Sakoda Teppei , Kikushige Yoshikane , Miyamoto Toshihiro , Irifune Hidetoshi , Harada Takuya , Hatakeyama Kiwamu , Kunisaki Yuya , Kato Koji , Akashi Koichi
Published: February 2023

The activation of β-catenin plays critical roles in normal stem cell function, and, when aberrantly activated, the maintenance and enhancement of cancer stemness in many solid cancers. Aberrant β-catenin activation is also observed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and crucially contributes to self-renewal and propagation of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) regardless of mutations in contrast with such solid tumors. In this study, we showed that the AML-specific autocrine loop comprised of T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (TIM-3) and its ligand, galectin-9 (Gal-9), drives the canonical Wnt pathway to stimulate self-renewal and propagation of LSCs, independent of Wnt ligands. Gal-9 ligation activates the cytoplasmic Src homology 2 domain of TIM-3 to recruit hematopoietic cell kinase (HCK), a Src family kinase highly expressed in LSCs but not in HSCs, and HCK phosphorylates p120-catenin to promote formation of the LDL receptor–related protein 6 (LRP6) signalosome, hijacking the canonical Wnt pathway. This TIM-3/HCK/p120-catenin axis is principally active in immature LSCs compared with TIM-3–expressed differentiated AML blasts and exhausted T cells. These data suggest that human AML LSCs constitutively activates β-catenin via autocrine TIM-3/HCK/p120-catenin signaling, and that molecules related to this signaling axis should be critical targets for selective eradication of LSCs without impairing normal HSCs.
Cloning and characterization of nitrate reductase gene in kelp Saccharina japonica (Laminariales, Phaeophyta)
Authors: Wang Zhenghua , Wu Chunhui , Jiang Peng
Published: February 2023

Background

Brown macroalgae dominate temperate coastal ecosystems, and their productivity is typically limited by nitrate availability. As an economically important kelp, Saccharina japonica is the most productive farmed seaweed and needs to be supplemented with sufficient nitrate throughout the cultivation process. However, molecular characterization of genes involved in nitrogen assimilation has not been conducted in brown macroalgae.

Results

Here, we described the identification of the nitrate reductase (NR) gene from S. japonica (SjNR). Using two different cloning methods for SjNR, i.e. rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and cDNA cloning alone, a single fragment was obtained respectively. According to results of sequence analysis between these two fragments, the tentative coding sequence in two clones, SjNR-L and SjNR-S, were suggested to represent two transcripts of the single copy SjNR, and the ATG of SjNR-S was located inside the third exon of SjNR-L. In the 5′ upstream sequence of each transcript, promoter core elements, response elements, especially multiple N response elements which occurred in microalgal NR, were all predicted. Further sequence analysis revealed that both transcripts encoded all five domains conserved in eukaryotic plant NRs. RT-qPCR results showed that the transcription level of SjNR in juvenile sporophytes could be significantly induced by nitrate and inhibited by ammonium, which was in line with plant NRs. The recombinant SjNR-L and SjNR-S were all proved to have NR activity, suggesting that the single-copy gene SjNR might be regulated on transcription level based on alternative promoters and multiple transcriptional start sites. Moreover, both NADH and NADPH were found to be able to act as electron donors for SjNR alone, which is the first confirmation that brown algal NR has a NAD(P)H-bispecific form.

Conclusion

These results will provide a scientific basis for understanding the N demand of kelp in various stages of cultivation and evaluating the environmental remediation potential of kelp in eutrophic sea areas.
Transcriptome analysis reveals key genes involved in the resistance to Cryphonectria parasitica during early disease development in Chinese chestnut
Authors: Nie Xinghua , Zhao Shuqing , Hao Yaqiong , Gu Si , Zhang Yu , Qi Baoxiu , Xing Yu , Qin Ling
Published: February 2023

Background

Chestnut blight, one of the most serious branch diseases in Castanea caused by Cryphonectria parasitica, which has ravaged across American chestnut and most of European chestnut since the early twentieth century. Interestingly, the Chinese chestnut is strongly resistant to chestnut blight, shedding light on restoring the ecological status of Castanea plants severely affected by chestnut blight. To better explore the early defense of Chinese chestnut elicited in response to C. parasitica, the early stage of infection process of C. parasitica was observed and RNA sequencing-based transcriptomic profiling of responses of the chestnut blight-resistant wild resource ‘HBY-1’ at 0, 3 and 9 h after C. parasitica inoculation was performed.

Results

First, we found that 9 h was a critical period for Chinese chestnut infected by C. parasitica, which was the basis of further study on transcriptional activation of Chinese chestnut in response to chestnut blight in the early stage. In the transcriptome analysis, a total of 283 differentially expressed genes were identified between T9 h and Mock9 h, and these DEGs were mainly divided into two clusters, one of which was metabolism-related pathways including biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, and photosynthesis; the other was related to plant-pathogen interaction and MAPK signal transduction. Meanwhile, the two clusters of pathways could be connected through junction among phosphatidylinositol signaling system, phytohormone signaling pathway and α-Linolenic acid metabolism pathway. It is worth noting that genes associated with JA biosynthesis and metabolic pathway were significantly up-regulated, revealing that the entire JA metabolic pathway was activated in Chinese chestnut at the early stage of chestnut blight infection.

Conclusion

We identified the important infection nodes of C. parasitica and observed the morphological changes of Chinese chestnut wounds at the early stage of infection. In response to chestnut blight, the plant hormone and MAPK signal transduction pathways, plant-pathogen interaction pathways and metabolism-related pathways were activated at the early stage. JA biosynthesis and metabolic pathway may be particularly involved in the Chinese chestnut resistance to chestnut blight. These results contributes to verifying the key genes involved in the resistance of Chinese chestnut to C. parasitica.
Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression pattern of the late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) gene family in Juglans regia and its wild relatives J. mandshurica
Authors: Ma Jiayu , Zuo Dongjun , Ye Hang , Yan Yujie , Li Mengdi , Zhao Peng
Published: February 2023

Background

Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins are a class of proteins associated with plant stress resistance. Two Juglans species, Juglans regia and J. mandshurica, are both diploid (2n = 32), monoecious perennial economic tree species with high edible, pharmaceutical, and timber value. The identification, characterization, and expression patterns of LEA proteins in J. regia and its wild relative, J. mandshurica, would not only provide the genetic basis of this gene family, but it would also supply clues for further studies of the evolution and regulating mechanisms of LEA proteins in other tree species.

Results

In this study, we identified 25 and 20 members of the LEA gene family in Juglans regia and its wild relative, Juglans mandshurica, respectively. The results of phylogenetic analysis showed that the LEA members were divided into eight main subgroups. Predictions of their physicochemical properties showed the variable characteristics of LEA proteins, and the subcellular localization analysis indicated that most LEA proteins are localized in the nucleus. Chromosomal localization analysis and gene replication pattern prediction indicated that WGD is the predominant duplication mode of LEA genes. The results of the comparative analysis indicated a high level of collinearity between the two Juglans species. Analysis of cis-acting elements indicated that LEA genes had a relatively wide range of responses to abiotic stresses and phytohormonal processes, particularly in two phytohormones, methyl jasmonate and abscisic acid. Transcriptome profiling and qRT-PCR experiments showed that JrLEAs are commonly expressed in leaves, green husks, and male and female flowers, and most JmLEAs are more highly expressed in male flowers. We also hypothesized that JrLEAs are involved in the process of anthracnose resistance. Anthracnose-resistant varieties of JrLEAs presented relatively high expression levels at later stages.

Conclusion

In this study, we provide a theoretical basis for the functional study of LEA genes in J. regia and J. mandshurica. Analysis of cis-acting elements and gene expression indicated that JrLEAs and JmLEAs play important roles in resistance to biotic stresses in these species.
There is no evidence that carbon dioxide-enriched oxygen before apnea affects the time to arterial desaturation, but it might improve cerebral oxygenation in anesthetized obese patients: a single-blinded randomized crossover trial
Authors: Schmidt Marc T. , Studer Marc , Kunz Andres , Studer Sandro , Bonvini John M. , Bueter Marco , Kook Lucas , Haile Sarah R. , Pregernig Andreas , Beck-Schimmer Beatrice , Schläpfer Martin
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Carbon dioxide (CO2) increases cerebral perfusion. The effect of CO2on apnea tolerance, such as after anesthesia induction, is unknown. This study aimed to assess if cerebral apnea tolerance can be improved in obese patients under general anesthesia when comparing O2/Air (95%O2) to O2/CO2(95%O2/5%CO2).

Methods

In this single-center, single-blinded, randomized crossover trial, 30 patients 18–65 years, with body mass index > 35 kg/m2, requiring general anesthesia for bariatric surgery, underwent two apneas that were preceded by ventilation with either O2/Air or O2/CO2in random order. After anesthesia induction, intubation, and ventilation with O2/Air or O2/CO2for 10 min, apnea was performed until the cerebral tissue oxygenation index (TOI) dropped by a relative 20% from baseline (primary endpoint) or oxygen saturation (SpO2) reached 80% (safety abortion criterion). The intervention was then repeated with the second substance.

Results

The safety criterion was reached in all patients before cerebral TOI decreased by 20%. The time until SpO2dropped to 80% was similar in the two groups (+ 6 s with O2/CO2, 95%CI -7 to 19 s,p = 0.37). Cerebral TOI and PaO2were higher after O2/CO2(+ 1.5%; 95%CI: from 0.3 to 2.6;p = 0.02 and + 0.6 kPa; 95%CI: 0.1 to 1.1;p = 0.02).

Conclusion

O2/CO2improves cerebral TOI and PaO2in anesthetized bariatric patients. Better apnea tolerance could not be confirmed.