bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Design Thinking to Inform Eligibility Recommendations for Children With Spoken Language and Literacy Disorders in Schools
Authors: Farquharson Kelly , Coleman Jaumeiko J. , Moore Barbara J. , Montgomery Judy K.
Published: January 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this tutorial was to consider and apply design thinking to the clinical process of determining eligibility for special education and related services for students with spoken language and literacy disorders in school-based settings. Specifically, we will consider some of the predicaments that multidisciplinary assessment teams face when applying legal criteria and local procedures to referral and assessment processes, as well as the actual application of eligibility criteria, particularly when considering issues related to referral for an assessment for a suspected spoken language or literacy disorder.

Method

Design thinking is a human-centered, iterative process that can be used to problem solve issues at the individual and system levels. We applied the IDEO design thinking process model, which includes five phases (i.e., discovery, interpretation, ideation, experimentation, and evolution), to the process of determining eligibility in school-based settings. Our exploration included a review of predicaments that sometimes arise during the eligibility determination process.

Results

We applied design thinking to a specific predicament in the eligibility determination process. We also used design thinking to develop several guiding questions for two additional eligibility predicaments.

Conclusions

Design thinking is a robust and structured framework used to make decisions and solve problems in a variety of settings. Given its human-centered focus, it is appropriate to use within the context of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004. Using a human-centered approach helps retain the “I” in “IEP” (Individualized Education Program) and ensure that the unique needs of students with communication disorders are met.
An energy‐efficient non‐uniform clustering routing protocol based on improved shuffled frog leaping algorithm for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Huamei Qi , Chubin Lin , Yijiahe Gao , Wangping Xiong , Ying Jiao
Published: January 2021

Wireless sensor networks have been used widely in environmental tracking and monitoring. Nevertheless, WSNs are facing a number of challenges, such as unreasonable cluster head selection and energy‐hole problems while nodes have unbalanced energy consumption. Thus, the paper aims to propose an energy‐efficient non‐uniform clustering routing protocol to enhance nodes energy efficiency and balance the energy consumption in WSNs. In addition, a non‐uniform clustering network partition is introduce to reduce the probability of energy hole occurrences and optimize cluster heads dynamical selection method to suggest an improved shuffled frog leaping algorithm. Ultimately, the simulation experiment has demonstrated a 20% gain of energy efficiency to extend network lifetime by the proposed protocol and enhanced algorithm.
Medical JPEG image steganography method according to the distortion reduction criterion based on an imperialist competitive algorithm
Authors: Damghani Hamidreza , Mofrad Farshid Babapour , Damghani Leila
Published: January 2021

In most of the digital steganography methods provided for natural digital images, the embedding of the confidential message is based on the minimisation of the defined distortion functions. It is often done based on choosing the most optimal criterion of distortion. Although the distortion functions are designed innovatively, steganography algorithms will be optimal. In such approaches, embedding interactions are often overlooked. Unlike usual images that have areas with a variety of tissue features, there are many smooth areas in medical images that will make the changes more visible if they are manipulated. Therefore, this study presents an adaptive approach that comes from the interactions between the changes made during the embedding algorithm to reduce the probability of recognising the message embedded in medical images and reducing the distortion caused by embedding in a discrete cosine transform space and based on the imperialist competitive algorithm for joint photographic experts group images, especially in medical images due to the importance of information steganography in them. The results obtained show the high efficiency of the proposed algorithm in comparison with the state‐of‐the‐art methods that are presented in this area.
The GAPS Programme at TNG
Authors: Scandariato G. , Borsa F. , Sicilia D. , Malavolta L. , Biazzo K. , Bonomo A. S. , Bruno G. , Claudi R. , Covino E. , Di Marcantonio P. , Esposito M. , Frustagli G. , Lanza A. F. , Maldonado J. , Maggio A. , Mancini L. , Micela G. , Nardiello D. , Rainer M. , Singh V. , Sozzetti A. , Affer L. , Benatti S. , Bignamini A. , Biliotti V. , Capuzzo-Dolcetta R. , Carleo I. , Cosentino R. , Damasso M. , Desidera S. , Garcia de Gurtubai A. , Ghedina A. , Giacobbe P. , Giani E. , Harutyunyan A. , Hernandez N. , Hernandez Diaz M. , Knapic C. , Leto G. , Martínez Fiorenzano A. F. , Molinari E. , Nascimbeni V. , Pagano I. , Pedani M. , Piotto G. , Poretti E. , Stoev H.
Published: January 2021

Context. The analysis of exoplanetary atmospheres by means of high-resolution spectroscopy is an expanding research field which provides information on the chemical composition, thermal structure, atmospheric dynamics, and orbital velocity of exoplanets.

Aims. In this work, we aim to detect the light reflected by the exoplanet 51 Peg b by employing optical high-resolution spectroscopy.

Methods. To detect the light reflected by the planetary dayside, we used optical High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher and High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher for the Northern hemisphere spectra taken near the superior conjunction of the planet, when the flux contrast between the planet and the star is maximum. To search for the weak planetary signal, we cross-correlated the observed spectra with a high signal-to-noise ratio stellar spectrum.

Results. We homogeneously analyze the available datasets and derive a 10−5 upper limit on the planet-to-star flux contrast in the optical.

Conclusions. The upper limit on the planet-to-star flux contrast of 10−5 translates into a low albedo of the planetary atmosphere (Ag ≲ 0.05−0.15 for an assumed planetary radius in the range of 1.5−0.9 RJup, as estimated from the planet’s mass).
Investigating the influence of temperature on the selection of criteria for evaluating the propensity of tube steels to corrosion cracking at low loading speeds
Authors: Ermakov Boris , Alkhimenko Alexey , Kharkov Aleksandr , Shvetsov Oleg , Davydov Artem
Published: January 2021

The paper studies how temperature within the range of 20-80°C influences the destruction of tube steels in environments containing hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. The tensile tests diagrams of tube steels with increasing temperature in hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide are analyzed. It is shown that increasing temperature affects the tendency of tube steels towards corrosion cracking. The criterion for evaluating the tendency towards corrosion cracking at increasing temperature does not change qualitatively and represents stress and relative deformation observed when a specimen is destroyed.
The use of the method of controlling the electrochemical parameters of aqueous solutions to combat complications in the operation of oil field pipelines
Authors: Latypov Oleg , Cherepashkin Sergey , Latypova Dina
Published: January 2021

Corrosion of equipment in the oil and gas complex is a global problem, as it contributes to huge material costs and global disasters that violate the environment. Corrosion control methods used to protect equipment do not always ensure the absolute safety of the operation of oil and gas facilities. Moreover, they are quite expensive. The developed method for controlling the electrochemical parameters of aqueous solutions to combat complications during the operation of oil-field pipelines provides the necessary protection against corrosion. The method is economical and environmentally friendly, since it does not require the use of chemical reagents. The test results have shown a very high efficiency in dealing with complications in oil fields.
Possible corrosion-mechanical damages of welded joints and their impact on long-term operation of equipment
Authors: Antonov Mikhail , Kalyutik Aleksandr , Karyakin Yury , Arzhaev Alexandr , Arzhaev Alexey , Makhanev Valentin
Published: January 2021

Specific features of corrosion-mechanical damages of primary circuit header to steam generator vessel branch welds at VVER-440/1000 NPPs and their influence on safety and economic efficiency during long-term operation are analysed.
On the issue of corrosion in the operation of oil and gas wells
Authors: Luibimova Svetlana , Khuzina Lilia
Published: January 2021

The problem of leakage production strings in production and injection wells is becoming more and more urgent every year in Russia’s fields. As a result, the water encroachment of produced products increases, and as a result, the operation of wells becomes unprofitable. The main reasons for the leakage of wells are aging of well stock, poor quality cementation during final works during drilling, corrosion processes in places where aquifers come into contact with the string, killing of wells at pressures higher than the pressure of pressing, depressurization in coupling joints, metal corrosion and other technological reasons. Identification of factors affecting the deformation of production strings in the process of well corrosion is necessary and important, as it is taken into account in the development of measures to increase the accident-free operation of wells. 725 wells of PJSC TATNEFT were analyzed in this work. The analysis revealed that one of the reasons for the corrosion of production strings is the presence of lost circulation horizons, which confirms the analysis.
Potential Analysis of Low Economic Value Fish in Lamongan Regency, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Anam Choirul , Harini Noor , Damat Damat , Wahyudi Ahmad , Witono Yuli , Kuswardhani Nita , Azus Shony Azar Moh , Anne Olga , Rachmawati Diana
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of low commercial value fish species in Lamongan Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The processed data included primary and secondary data. Data were processed using the LQ method and analyzed descriptively by way of compiling data into tables. The survey results showed that there are ten types of low commercial value fish in Lamongan Regency, East Java, Indonesia, namely Sardinella fimbriata (Tembang fish), Leiognathus bindus (Peperek fish), Harpadon nehereus (Puso fish), Sardinella lemuru, (Lemuru fish), Saurida tumbil (Beloso fish), Gerres abbreviatus (Kapasan fish), Anodontostoma chacunda (Juwi fish), and Cynoglossus lingua (Lidah fish). The results of the LQ method showe that there are three types of fish that have the potential to be made of high economic value products, namely L. bindus (11.36), A. chacunda (2.35), and S. fimbriata (2.32). Fish Auction (TPI) that has the potential in terms of fish productivity to be developed is TPI Weru, Lamongan, East Java, Indonesia. The typology of fishermen in TPI Weru has less experience working as a fisherman than other TPI but the level of education is higher and the age of fishermen is younger so that it affects the productivity of fish catches.
Techno-Economic Analysis of Photovoltaic Utilization for Lighting and Cooling System of Ferry Ro/Ro Ship 500 GT
Authors: Faturachman Danny , Yandri Erkata , Tri Pujiastuti Endang , Anne Olga , Hendroko Setyobudi Roy , Yani Yahya , Susanto Herry , Purba Washington , Krido Wahono Satriyo
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to perform the techno-economic analysis of photovoltaic system utilization for lighting and cooling of Ferry Ro/Ro 500 GT. The world is facing a dilemma of increasing dependence on fossil energy with decreasing supply. This situation must be anticipated by all sectors by energy efficiency (EE) and utilizing renewable energy (RE). Especially for RE in the transportation sector, ships as consumers of oil energy can also take advantage of solar energy sources, for example for lighting and cooling. For that purpose, five steps must be taken. First, determine the design specifications. Second, determine the specifications of components of the PV system. Third, calculate the power required for lighting equipment. Fourth, calculate the power required for the cooling system. Fifth, make an investment comparison for propulsion systems between diesel engines and photovoltaic systems. The results show that the energy required for lighting and cooling system as well as for propulsion systems can be placed in the deck area of 148.8 m2 for all system components, such as; PV modules, charge controllers, batteries, and inverter. This study can provide an overview of the use of PV system in designing the environmentally new or renovation ships.
Degradation of Phorbol Esters on the Jatropha curcas Linn. Seed by Biological Detoxification
Authors: Handajani Hany , Rahman Hakim Riza , Adhywirawan Sutaro Ganjar , Ronald Mavuso Boy , Chang Zhong–Wen , Andriawan Soni
Published: January 2021

The application of fermentation is one of methods to increase food quality biologically. Availability of Jatropha curcas residual from oil factory be focused as a soybean meal or fish meal replacement. On the other hand, J. curcas residuals possess a toxic compound as well. This study aimed to examine the effect of Aspergillus niger on the nutrition and harmful content of J. curcas as a potential ingredient of feed. In brief, J. curcas residual was fermented with a detoxification method at 3 d, 5 d, and 7 d. Crude protein, fat, and crude fiber content were assessed to discover the biological responses of J. curcas post–fermentation while phorbol ester was evaluated to toxic content post–detoxification. The results showed that crude protein and fat content were highest on 7 d post–fermentation but it was no significant difference (p > 0.05). While crude fiber content showed significant difference which the 3 d fermentation had the highest content of fiber. For phorbol ester content, 3 d fermentation showed a better result than the control group (p < 0.05). The present findings suggest that A. niger is recommendable as starter to reduce fiber and toxic content of J. curcas residual at 3 d fermentation.
Entrapment Formulation for env-Tm Gene Based on Chitosan Low Molecular Weight as a Jembrana Disease Virus Vaccine Candidate
Authors: Lesmana Rahayu Indra , Kusumawati Asmarani
Published: January 2021

Jembrana disease (JD) caused by Jembrana Disease Virus (JDV) becomes an obstacle in Bali cattle (Bos javanicus). The development of JD vaccines has a critical meaning to prevent losses in the B. javanicus in Indonesia and is one of the models in the development of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) vaccine. The development of vaccines for JDV has carried out DNA vaccines that are expected to provide better immunological effects. This study aimed to determine the low molecular weight chitosan (LC) entrapment towards pEGFP-C1-env-Tm in the formation of Chitosan Nanoparticles Low/pEGFP-C1-env-Tm complex. The env-Tm gene was inserted in pEGFP-C1 into the pEGFPC1/ env-Tm construct transformed on the E. coli DH5α host. The construct was formulated into LC/pEGFP-C1/env-Tm complex with a low molecular weight chitosan concentration of 0.06 % and the ratio of pEGFP-C1/env-Tm: LC (wt/wt) was 1:0.5-1:3. The complexes were then analyzed by gel retardation assay agarose 1 %. The results of this study indicated that the best entrapment results of low molecular weight chitosan to pEGFPC1/ env-Tm was in the mass ratio of pEGFP-C1/env-Tm: LC was 1:2. The best formulation entrapment for env-Tm by low molecular weight chitosan 0.06 % is in the rate 1:2.
Addition of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves Flour for Increasing the Nutritional Value of Modified Cassava Flour–Based Breakfast Cereal
Authors: Wely Asmoro Novian , Intan Niken Tari Agustina , Widyastuti Retno , Kurnia Setiawan Chandra
Published: January 2021

Many Indonesian children have a habit of not eating breakfast according to balanced nutritional needs. Breakfast provides a third of daily nutritional needs. This study aims to evaluate the potential and determine the formulation of breakfast cereals using Mocaf Cassava Flour (MOCAF) enriched with Moringa Leaves Flour (MLF) to add nutritional value to the product. The experimental design was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one treatment, addition of dry Moringa leaf flour as much as 0 % as a control, and 5 % w w–1, 10 % w w–1, and 15 % w w–1 as the treatment. The results showed that the addition of MLF in MOCAF flour had the potential to increase the nutritional value of breakfast cereal products. The addition of MLF with a percentage of 5 %, 10 %, and 15 % had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on water content, ash content, and fat content. The addition of MLF up to 15 % increases ash content by 2.79 % and fat content by 8.2 %.
Potentials of Gas Emission Reduction (GHG) by the Glass Sheet Industry through Energy Conservation
Authors: Purba Washington , Yandri Erkata , Hendroko Setyobudi Roy , Susanto Hery , Krido Wahono Satriyo , Siregar Kiman , Adhi Nugroho Yogo , Yaro Abubakar , Abdullah Kamaruddin , Jani Yahya , Faturahman Danny
Published: January 2021

Sheet Glass Industry is one industry that uses 75 % natural gas energy and 25 % electricity. Using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC-2006 emission calculation method, the average greenhouses gas (GHG) emissions obtained from the calcination process obtained 112 211 t CO2 yr–1 per plant and an average emission factor (EFkl) of 0.18 CO2 t–1 yr–1 of pull. With the technology of converting heat into electrical energy, residual combustion as flue gases has the potential to be used to produce electrical energy. Referring to the analysis and calculation; one of factories has potential to generate 0.8 MW to 3 MW electric energy. It’s efficiency of 10 % to 40 % so that it can be calculated as a component of GHG emission reductions whose value is 4.6 t CO2 yr–1 to 18.7 t CO2 yr–1 per plant. With this reduction, each of the GHG emission and emission factors per plant dropped to 93 442 t CO2 yr–1 and 0.16 CO2 t-pull–1.
Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source during 3 Years of Prolonged Monitoring with an Implantable Loop Recorder
Authors: Rogalewski Andreas , Kitsiou Alkisti , Kalyani Malik , Deelawar Sameera , Tribunyan Sona , Greeve Isabell , Minnerup Jens , Israel Carsten , Schäbitz Wolf-Rüdiger
Published: January 2021

Background Undocumented atrial fibrillation (AF) is suspected as a main stroke cause in patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS), but its prevalence is largely unknown. This prospective study therefore aimed at delineating the prevalence of AF in patients with ESUS using continuous cardiac monitoring by implantable loop recorder (ILR) with daily remote interrogation over a period of 3 years and its clinical consequences, including recurrent stroke.

Methods In consecutive patients with an ESUS diagnosis after complete work-up, an ILR was implanted and followed by daily remote monitoring until AF was detected or a follow-up of at least 3 years was completed. Additionally, the ILR was interrogated in-hospital in 6-month intervals.

Results A total of 123 patients (74 male, mean age 65 ± 9 years) were enrolled and completed the 3 years study period. AF was detected in 51 patients (41.4%). In 43 of the 51 AF positive patients (84%) oral anticoagulation was established. Recurrent strokes occurred in 18 patients (14.6%) of this ESUS population, 9 of these patients being AF positive (17.6% of the AF-positive patients) and 9 being AF negative (12.5% of AF-negative patients). Patients with AF were slightly older than patients without AF (63.1 ± 8.8 vs. 67.5 ± 9.6 years, p = 0.12). Other parameters such as CHA2DS2-VASc score, infarct localization, micro- and macroangiopathy, carotid or aortic plaques, or stroke recurrence were not significantly different between groups.

Conclusion In ESUS patients, early implantation of an ILR with cardiac monitoring and remote transmission over a 3-year period detected AF in 41.4% and resulted in oral anticoagulation in 84% of these patients.
Hemostasis in Coronavirus Disease 2019—Lesson from Viscoelastic Methods: A Systematic Review
Authors: Słomka Artur , Kowalewski Mariusz , Żekanowska Ewa
Published: January 2021

Hemostatic unbalance is often observed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and patients with severe disease are at high risk of developing thromboembolic complications. Viscoelastic methods (VEMs), including thrombelastography (TEG) and thromboelastometry (TEM), provide data on the nature of hemostatic disturbance. In this systematic review, we assessed the performance of TEG and TEM in the assessment of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in patients with COVID-19. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, medRxiv, and bioRxiv were systematically searched for clinical studies evaluating TEG and/or TEM variables in COVID-19 individuals. Ten studies, with a total of 389 COVID-19 patients, were included, and VEMs were performed in 292 of these patients. Most patients (90%) presented severe COVID-19 and required mechanical ventilation. TEG and TEM variables showed that these patients displayed hypercoagulability and fibrinolysis shutdown, despite the use of appropriate thromboprophylaxis. However, the mechanism underlying these phenomena and their clinical significance in COVID-19 patients who developed thrombosis are still not clear. Further studies are warranted if VEMs might help to identify those at highest risk of thrombotic events and who therefore may derive the greatest benefit from antithrombotic therapy.
Evaluation of Knee Kinematics and Moments during Active Deep Flexion Activity after Oxford Mobile-Bearing Medial UKA—A Two-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Yue Li , Lamontagne Mario , Xiong Zhao , Zhengfei Zhu , Run Tian , Zhe Li , Ning Kong , Chunsheng Wang , Pei Yang , Kunzheng Wang
Published: January 2021

Few studies have assessed knee range of motion (ROM) and moments of patients with mobile-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (MB UKA) during active deep flexion activities. We analyze knee kinematic and kinetic parameters during postoperative squatting-standing activity, aiming to evaluate the efficacy of MB UKA and postoperative rehabilitation progress. This was a clinical cohort study. We followed up with 37 patients diagnosed with medial knee osteoarthritis (OA) with primary UKA. After screening 31 patients were recruited to take gait tests. Squatting-standing activities were performed under the test of 10-camera motion analysis system and force plates preoperatively at different stages after UKA (12, 18, and 24 months). The average duration of follow-up was 24.4 months (from 22.8 to 26.7 months). Hip-knee-ankle angle improved significantly compared with pre-UKA as well as scores of American Knee Society Score, numeric rating scale, ORS, and Western Ontario and McMasters. University Osteoarthritis Index. About 83.6% (31/37) of follow-up patients completed squatting-standing activity independently. At 1-year follow-up, peak varus angle (20.6 ± 2.8 degrees), internal rotation angle (13.6 ± 1.8 degrees), extensor moment (1.44 ± 0.04N*m/kg), and internal rotator moment (0.02 ± 0.005N*m/kg) of UKA knees were inferior to contralateral knees. Peak adductor moment (0.76 ± 0.05N*m/kg) was superior to contralateral knees. At 2-year follow-up, peak flexion angle (125.0 ± 2.8 degrees) showed a growing trend meanwhile extensor (1.70 ± 0.03N*m/kg) and adductor (0.68 ± 0.06 N*m/kg) moment closely resembled those of the contralateral knee. MB UKA could alleviate the affected knee mainly in flexion-extension ROM and moment meanwhile did not affect the biomechanical indicators of healthy limbs. OA knees in the early postoperative period showed decreased extensor moment and increased adductor moment during active deep flexion activity. Better ROM and relatively more natural extensor and adductor moment of UKA knee with rehabilitation time increasing may predict ideal rehabilitation outcome in the medium or longer term.
Experimental and numerical failure analysis of horizontal axis water turbine carbon fiber-reinforced composite blade
Authors: Fal Mokhtar , Hussein Rafid , Chandrashekhara K. , Abutunis Abdulaziz , Menta Venkatagireesh
Published: January 2021

High-performance composites are used in many applications due to their design flexibility, corrosion resistance, high strength-to-weight ratio, and many other excellent mechanical properties. In this study, the location and magnitude of failure initiation in horizontal axis water turbine carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) blades with different lay-up orientations were investigated. Unidirectional [0°]4 and cross-ply [0°/90°]S layups were selected to study the effect of the buildup direction on the failure of the composite water turbine blades. A finite element analysis (FEA) model was generated to examine the stresses along blade span under both flexural and hydrodynamic loads. Flexural destructive tests were conducted to validate the results obtained from the numerical simulations. In addition, a blade element momentum theory model was created to calculate the hydrodynamic forces acting along the span to determine the maximum loading radial location, which was used for the fixture design and FEA simulation input. Both unidirectional and cross-ply composite blades were tested for failure. There was a general agreement between the experiments and simulations, which validated the results. Moreover, FEA simulations were performed to apply the load to the samples with different pitch angles (−10°, −5°, 0°, 5°, and 10°). Even though the unidirectional CFRP composite blades showed higher strength at 0° pitch angle than the cross-ply blades, the strength of the unidirectional blade dropped significantly when the load was applied with different pitch angles other than 0°, while the strength of the cross-ply blades was less responsive to this pitch angle variation.
Three-dimensional hybrid optoacoustic imaging of the laser-induced plasma and deposited energy density under optical breakdown in water
Authors: Rumiantsev B. V. , Mareev E. I. , Bychkov A. S. , Karabutov A. A. , Cherepetskaya E. B. , Makarov V. A. , Potemkin F. V.
Published: January 2021

We report on a hybrid optoacoustic method aimed to retrieve the three-dimensional spatial distributions of the plasma electron density and the deposited energy density in the region of plasma formation under optical breakdown in condensed medium. The spatial distribution of the plasma electron density obtained by the proposed method with the accuracy of 3×1018 cm−3 gives the qualitative characterization of the laser pulse propagation in the region of plasma formation. The spatial distribution of the deposited energy density retrieved by the proposed method with the accuracy of 14 J/cm3 provides the quantitative description of the laser impact on the bulk of the medium. The method is based on photoacoustic imaging and shadowgraphy techniques, which have the spatial resolution of 2 μm and 10 μm, respectively. The proposed method can be applied both in the area of technological applications, such as micromachining of transparent materials, and in the field of the fundamental science of laser–matter interaction.
Gold implanted germanium photoswitch for cavity dumping of a free-electron laser
Authors: Rana Rakesh , Klopf J. Michael , Ciano Chiara , Singh Abhishek , Winnerl Stephan , Schneider Harald , Helm Manfred , Pashkin Alexej
Published: January 2021

We present a plasma switch based on gold-implanted germanium (Ge:Au) as a potential candidate for efficient cavity dumping of a free-electron laser (FEL). Ge:Au has a sub-nanosecond carrier lifetime—much shorter than the FEL pulsing period of 77 ns—and demonstrates a high photoinduced reflectivity in a broad range of infrared wavelengths from 6 to 90 μm. The Ge:Au plasma switch exhibits negligible absorption of the FEL radiation in the “off ” state and requires only moderate thermoelectric cooling for incident FEL power of several Watts. A reflectivity level of more than 50% in the “on” state is achieved over the entire spectral range of this study. The corresponding optical pump fluence exhibits a linear relationship with the FEL frequency. This scaling is corroborated by our simulations highlighting the role of a finite sub-μm thickness of the photoinduced reflecting plasma layer. The demonstrated device is promising for the realization of the FEL cavity dumping for experiments that simultaneously require higher pulse energy and lower average power.
Mechanics
Authors: Carpenter D. Rae , Minnix Richard B.
Published: January 2021

Signs with short slogans or puns are available from AAPT and Sigma Pi Sigma.

Buttons about 6 cm diam can be purchased or made with an inexpensive press from your own design.
Waves
Authors: Carpenter D. Rae , Minnix Richard B.
Published: January 2021

Pull knob back to fill cannon with air and fire at students. Aim some shots at students with loose hair. Next use incense or smoke generator to fill box with smoke to make large smoke ring. Aim at overhead light for best visibility.

NOT AN EXAMPLE OF WAVE PULSE since it obviously involves mass motion of molecules.
Electricity
Authors: Carpenter D. Rae , Minnix Richard B.
Published: January 2021

Insulators may be placed in order in a series according to ability to acquire positive or negative charge when placed in contact with and then separated from dissimilar material. Material (of the pair) acquiring positive charge goes toward top of list. After placing all materials in order, strongest effect is produced by using two materials which are separated fartherest in list.
Sparseness and Smoothness Regularized Imaging for improving the resolution of Cryo-EM single-particle reconstruction
Authors: Luo Zhenwei , Campos-Acevedo Adam A. , Lv Longfei , Wang Qinghua , Ma Jianpeng
Published: January 2021

Significance

Three-dimensional refinement is a critical component of cryo-EM single-particle reconstruction. In this paper, we report the development of a computational method, OPUS-SSRI, and its application to seven real cryo-EM datasets. Our data clearly demonstrated that OPUS-SSRI can improve the final resolutions and structural details in cryo-EM single-particle analysis.
Effect of filler metal chemical composition on the TiAl/IN738 dissimilar brazed joint
Authors: Kokabi D. , Kaflou A. , Rastifard H. R.
Published: January 2021

This paper investigates the microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar brazing of γ-TiAl/IN738 superalloy using two different filler metals. The microstructure of the two joints was comprised by the continuous intermetallic layers formed during holding time at the bonding temperature, and even during cooling. It was observed that the presence of the thick continuous brittle phases in the bond region of the IN738/Cu/TiAl joint led to lower mechanical properties in comparison with the IN738/Ni–Si–B/TiAl joint. The fracture occurred in the Reaction Layer(RL)/TiAl interface and the RL/Solidified zone(SZ) interface of the joints using Ni–Si–B and Cu filler metals, respectively. Also, the joint made using Ni–Si–B filler metal exhibited higher shear strength compared to the joint made using Cu filler metal by 20%.
Theory of femtosecond strong field ion excitation and subsequent lasing in

N2+
Authors: Tikhonchuk V T , Liu Y , Danylo R , Houard A , Mysyrowicz A
Published: January 2021

Delayed cavity-free forward lasing at the wavelengths of 391 and 428 nm was observed in recent experiments in air or pure nitrogen pumped with an intense femtosecond laser pulse at wavelength of 800 nm. The mechanism responsible for the lasing is highly controversial. In this article we propose a model explaining the delayed lasing, which contains two parts: (i) ionization of neutral nitrogen molecules and subsequent excitation of nitrogen ions in a strong pump laser pulse, and (ii) coherent emission of excited ions due to the presence of long-lived polarizations maintained by a weak laser post-pulse and coupling simultaneously ground state

X

2

Σ

g

+

to states A2Π
u
and

B

2

Σ

u

+

of singly ionized nitrogen molecules

N

2

+

. Two regimes of signal amplification are identified: a signal of a few picosecond duration at low gas pressures and a short (sub-picosecond) signal at high gas pressures. The theoretical model compares favorably with results obtained by different experimental groups.
Nuclear symmetry energy parameters from neutron skin thickness in 208Pb and electric dipole polarizability in 68Ni , 120Sn and 208Pb
Authors: Behera Dipanjali , Tripathy S K , Routray T R , Behera B
Published: January 2021

Observables like neutron skin thickness and electric dipole polarizability in heavy nuclei are considered as most effective probes for the density dependence of nuclear symmetry energy at subsaturation density region. In the present work, within the framework of droplet model, we use finite range effective interactions to calculate the neutron skin thickness in 208Pb and the electric dipole polarizability in 68Ni, 120Sn and 208Pb. We correlate these quantities with the parameters of nuclear symmetry energy. Available experimental data on the neutron skin thickness in 208Pb and electric dipole polarizability in 68Ni, 120Sn and 208Pb are used to deduce information on the density slope parameter of nuclear symmetry energy at saturation and at subsaturation densities. Constraints such as 35.2 ≤ L(ρ
0) ≤ 64.4 MeV and 43 ≤ L(ρ

c
) ≤ 55 MeV are obtained using experimental values for neutron skin thickness.
BV (RI)
c
photometric study of three variable PMS stars in the field of V733 Cephei
Authors: Ibryamov Sunay , Semkov Evgeni , Peneva Stoyanka , Gocheva Kristina
Published: January 2021

This paper reports results from the first long-term BV (RI)
c
photometric CCD observations of three variable pre-main-sequence stars collected during the period from February 2007 to January 2020. The investigated stars are located in the field of the PMS star V733 Cep within the Cepheus OB3 association. All stars from our study show rapid photometric variability in all-optical passbands. In this paper, we describe and discuss the photometric behavior of these stars and the possible reasons for their variability. In the light variation of two of the stars, we found periodicity.
Statistical assessment of ELM triggering by pellets on JET
Authors: Lennholm M. , McKean R. , Mooney R. , Tvalashvili G. , Artaserse G. , Baruzzo M. , Belonohy E. , Calabro G. , Carvalho I.S. , Challis C.D. , de la Luna E. , Frigione D. , Garzotti L. , Henriques R.B. , Hobirk J. , Jaquet P. , Kappatou A. , Keeling D. , King D. , Lang P.T. , Lerche E. , Lomas P.J. , Lowry C. , Maslov M. , Moradi S. , Nave M.F.F. , Nunes I. , Perez von Thun C. , Reux C. , Rimini F.G. , Sips A.C.C. , Sozzi C. , Valovic M. , Van Eester D. , JET contributors
Published: January 2021

This article investigates the triggering of ELMs on JET by injection of frozen pellets of isotopes of Hydrogen. A method is established to determine the probability that a specific pellet triggers a particular ELM. This method allows clear distinction between pellet-ELM pairs that are very likely to represent triggering events and pairs that are very unlikely to represent such an event. Based on this, the pellet parameters that are most likely to affect the ability of pellets to trigger ELMs have been investigated. It has been found that the injection location is very important, with injection from the vertical high field side showing a much higher triggering efficiency than low field side (LFS) injection. The dependence on parameters such as pellet speed and size and the time since the last ELM is also seen to be much stronger for LFS injection. Finally, the paper illustrates how improvements to the pellet injection system by streamlining the pellet flight lines and slightly increasing the pellet size has resulted in a significantly improved ability to deliver pellets to the plasma and trigger ELMs.
The fractional Kullback–Leibler divergence
Authors: Alexopoulos A
Published: January 2021

The Kullback–Leibler divergence or relative entropy is generalised by deriving its fractional form. The conventional Kullback–Leibler divergence as well as other formulations emerge as special cases. It is shown that the fractional divergence encapsulates different relative entropy states via the manipulation of the fractional order and for this reason it is the evolution equation for relative entropy. The fractional Kullback–Leibler divergence establishes mathematical dualities with other divergences or distance metrics. The fractional-order can be characterised as a distance metric between divergences or relative entropy states. Generalised asymptotic divergences and densities are derived that are mixtures of known approaches.
Metrologically resourceful multipartite entanglement under quantum many-body effects
Authors: Khalid Uman , Rehman Junaid ur , Shin Hyundong
Published: January 2021

In traditional quantum metrology protocols, the initial multipartite entangled pure quantum probes are considered to be isolated, i.e., free of quantum many-body effects. Here, we study the impact of inherent many-body effects such as interaction with noisy environment and nonlocal interactions among particles on metrologically resourceful multipartite entanglement of initially mixed quantum probes. In this regard, we employ an information-theoretic multipartite entanglement measure as a figure-of-merit. The inevitable interaction with the noisy environment leads to disentanglement in multipartite quantum probes which restricts its metrological advantage. For this, we use entanglement dissociation to derive bounds on the multipartite entanglement measure that can identify the relevant entanglement structure under global as well as local noisy evolution. Furthermore, we investigate nonlocal interactions in terms of their entangling capability in a multipartite quantum probe. We show that such nonlocal interactions can be exploited as a valuable resource that exhibits better precision scaling in mixed-state quantum metrology. Moreover, we numerically observe these results for GHZ-W class states.
New tools for ‘ZEBRA-FISHING’
Authors: Bergo Veronica , Trompouki Eirini
Published: January 2021

Zebrafish has been established as a classical model for developmental studies, yet in the past years, with the explosion of novel technological methods, the use of zebrafish as a model has expanded. One of the prominent fields that took advantage of zebrafish as a model organism early on is hematopoiesis, the process of blood cell generation from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). In zebrafish, HSPCs are born early during development in the aorta–gonad–mesonephros region and then translocate to the caudal hematopoietic tissue, where they expand and finally take residence in the kidney marrow. This journey is tightly regulated at multiple levels from extracellular signals to chromatin. In order to delineate the mechanistic underpinnings of this process, next-generation sequencing techniques could be an important ally. Here, we describe genome-wide approaches that have been undertaken to delineate zebrafish hematopoiesis.
Multimodality imaging of a rare pulmonary artery sessile mass: a case report
Authors: Piscitelli Laura , Dentamaro Ilaria , Pezzicoli Gaetano , D’Agostino Carlo
Published: January 2021

Background 

Primary pulmonary artery masses are unusual entities that mimic pulmonary embolism (PE) in clinical presentation and on imaging studies. It is necessary to perform advanced diagnostic exams, such as transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to determine the proper diagnosis. In unclear cases, laboratory findings, morphological follow-up, and response to anticoagulant therapy can help to clarify the diagnosis.

Case summary 

A 47-year-old previously healthy man with worsening effort dyspnoea underwent chest computed tomography (CT) for suspicion of PE, which showed a pedunculated eccentric mass at the origin of the pulmonary artery causing severe stenosis. The patient was started on anticoagulation therapy, but, after TEE and cardiac MRI, a neoplastic fibroelastic mass was suspected. Unexpectedly, 18fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)-CT revealed a unique area of glucose uptake in the superior lobe of the left lung and not in the pulmonary artery. The biopsy was consistent with pleomorphic high-grade lung sarcoma. After 3 months of chemotherapy, a CT scan showed progression of the lung disease with no change in the arterial mass, which was therefore confirmed as pulmonary fibroelastoma.

Discussion 

Due to the rarity of pulmonary artery tumours, they can be initially misdiagnosed as PE or a metastasis of a lung sarcoma. Three-dimensional TEE and cardiac MRI are particularly useful in differentiating tumours from PE.
A GENE, ALCA, AFFECTING THE LIFE CYCLE FORM EXPRESSED IN PHYSARUM POLYCEPHALUM
Authors: Truitt Christine L , Hoffman Charles S , Holt Charles E
Published: January 2021

The usual sequence of forms in the Physarum polycephalum life cycle is plasmodium–spore–amoeba–plasmodium. So-called "amoebaless life cycle" or alc mutants of this Myxomycete undergo a simplified plasmodium–spore–plasmodium life cycle. We have analyzed three independently isolated alc mutants and found in each case that the failure of the spores to give rise to amoebae is due to a recessive Mendelian allele. The three mutations are tightly linked to one another and belong to a single complementation group, alcA. The mutations are pleiotropic, not only interfering with the establishment of the amoebal form at spore germination, but also affecting the phenotype of alc amoebae, which occasionally arise from alc spores. The alc amoebae (1) grow more slowly than wild type, particularly at elevated temperatures; (2) tend to transform directly into plasmodia, circumventing the sexual fusion of amoebae that usually accompanies plasmodium formation; and (3) form plasmodia by the sexual mechanism less efficiently than wild-type amoebae. The various effects of an alc mutation seem to derive from mutation of a single gene, since reversion for one effect is always accompanied by reversion for the other effects. Moreover, a mutation, aptA1, that blocks direct plasmodium formation by alcA amoebae, also increases their growth rate to near normal. The manner of plasmodium formation in alcA strains differs significantly from that in another class of mutants, the gad mutants. Unlike gad amoebae, alcA amoebae need not reach a critical density in order to differentiate directly into plasmodia and do not respond to the extracellular inducer of differentiation. In addition, alcA differentiation is not prevented by a mutation, npfA1, that blocks direct differentiation by most gad amoebae.
GENETIC STRUCTURE AND INTERNAL REARRANGEMENTS OF STABLE MERODIPLOIDS FROM BACILLUS SUBTILIS STRAINS CARRYING THE trpE26 MUTATION
Authors: Schneider Anne-Marie , Gaisne Mauricette , Anagnostopoulos Constantine
Published: January 2021

Transformation and transduction to tryptophan independence of strains of Bacillus subtilis carrying the "trpE26" chromosomal aberrations (a translocation and an inversion) with a "normal" 168 type strain as donor induce a tandem duplication of the thrA-ilvA region of the chromosome. The clones possessing this unstable duplication segregate besides the Trp- some stable Trp+ cells which retain only part of the duplication (the trpE-ilvA region) in nontandem configuration. Such clones may also be produced directly during the crosses. The genetic map of these clones (designated as class I stable merodiploids) was constructed: they possess the tranlocation and the inversion of the trpE26 parental strain. Another type of stable Trp+ clones (class II) also appears, although more rarely, in similar crosses. Studies on their genetic structure revealed that they are haploid for the trpE-ilvA region and carry a nontandem duplication of the thrA-trpE region. In these clones the cysB-tre region has the orientation of the 168 type strain. The duplications in both classes are stable, that of class I being more stable than that of class II where loss of one copy of the thrA-trpE region leads to about 1% haploid cells. Detailed genetic studies on heterozygous clones from both classes have shown exchange of alleles between copies of the nontandem duplications. Models are proposed for the formation of each class of merodiploids and for recombination events taking place in them. These models imply recombination at sequences of intrachromosomal homology and (or) introduction of heterologous juncions ("novel joints") by transformation or transduction.
GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN GEOGRAPHICALLY DISTANT POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
Authors: Singh Rama S , Hickey Donal A , David Jean
Published: January 2021

We have studied allozyme variation at 26 gene loci in nine populations of Drosophila melanogaster originating on five different continents. The distant populations show significant genetic differentiation. However, only half of the loci studied have contributed to this differentiation; the other half show identical patterns in all populations. The genetic differentiation in North American, European and African populations is correlated with the major climatic differences between north and south. These differences arise mainly from seven loci that show gene-frequency patterns suggestive of latitudinal clines in allele frequencies. The clinal variation is such that subtropical populations are more heterozygous than temperate populations. These results are discussed in relation to the selectionist and neutralist hypotheses of genetic variation in natural populations.
A CIS-DOMINANT MUTATION IN ASPERGILLUS NIDULANS AFFECTING THE EXPRESSION OF THE amdS GENE IN THE PRESENCE OF MUTATIONS IN THE UNLINKED GENE, amdA
Authors: Hynes Michael J
Published: January 2021

A mutant producing very high levels of the acetamidase enzyme encoded by the amdS gene has been isolated in a strain containing the amdA7 mutation, which itself causes high levels of this enzyme. Genetic analysis has shown that this mutation, designated amdI66, is adjacent to the amdS gene and is cis-dominant in its effect. The amdI66 mutation has little effect on amdS expression when present in strains not containing the amdA7 mutation. Two other amdA mutations investigated also interact with the amdI66 mutation to result in high acetamidase levels. No interaction between amdI66 and any of the other putative regulatory genes affecting amdS expression has been observed. The amdI66 mutation has been located by fine structure mapping at the extreme end of the controlling region, which has previously been defined by genetic mapping (Hynes 1979). Analysis of this region has been extended by mapping new mutations resulting in loss of amdS expression. One of these defines the most extreme site capable of mutation to loss of gene function found so far.