bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protein adaptors assemble functional proteins on DNA scaffolds
Authors: Ngo Tien Anh , Dinh Huyen , Nguyen Thang Minh , Liew Fong Fong , Nakata Eiji , Morii Takashi
Published: September 2019

The methods applied for assembling proteins of interest on DNA scaffolds were categorized and the recent advance of DNA-binding adaptor mediated assembly of proteins on the DNA scaffolds is discussed.
Dihydrogen activation by intermolecular rare-earth aryloxide/N-heterocyclic carbene Lewis pairs
Authors: Chang Kejian , Dong Yifan , Xu Xin
Published: September 2019

Cooperative H2activation can be readily achieved by combination of homoleptic rare-earth aryloxides with N-heterocyclic carbenes under mild conditions.
The energy frameworks of aufbau synthon modules in 4-cyanopyridine co-crystals
Authors: Torubaev Y. V. , Skabitsky I. V.
Published: September 2019

The supramolecular arrangement of 4-cyanopyridine (4CNpy) in its native crystal form and its co-crystals with halogen bond (XB) donors is discussed in terms of energy frameworks of long-range synthon aufbau modules (LSAMs) energy frameworks.
Vapour- and solvent-mediated crystalline transformations in Mo(vi) hydrazone complexes controlled by noncovalent interactions
Authors: Mandarić Mirna , Prugovečki Biserka , Cvijanović Danijela , Vuković Jelena Parlov , Lovrić Jasna , Skočibušić Mirjana , Odžak Renata , Cindrić Marina , Vrdoljak Višnja
Published: September 2019

Through the use of hydrogen bond driven solid-state synthesis, mononuclear complexes are transformed into crystalline materials.
Nanocellulose-assisted construction of hydrophilic 3D hierarchical stereocomplex meshworks in enantiomeric polylactides: towards thermotolerant biocomposites with enhanced environmental degradation
Authors: Zhang Huanhuan , Huang Xi , Wang Chuanfeng , Peng Zhou , Xu Yali , He Xuebing , Zhang Chaoliang , Lu Jun
Published: September 2019

A hydrophilic and hierarchical 3D stereocomplexed crystalline meshwork was in situ constructed in fully bio-derived enantiomeric polylactide/cellulose nanocrystal nanocomposites.
Probing the dynamic properties of two sites simultaneously in a protein–protein interaction process: a SDSL-EPR study
Authors: Le Breton N. , Longhi S. , Rockenbauer A. , Guigliarelli B. , Marque S. R. A. , Belle V. , Martinho M.
Published: September 2019

Probing two sites simultaneously in a protein–protein interaction process combining spin labels of different EPR signatures.
Rational design of Ni/Ni2P heterostructures encapsulated in 3D porous carbon networks for improved lithium storage
Authors: He Jiapeng , Shen Lu , Wu Cuiping , Guo Can , Wang Qingpeng , Liu Zhifang , Yang Shun , Wang Qinghong
Published: September 2019

Ni/Ni2P heterostructures encapsulated in 3D porous carbon networks deliver high specific capacity and good cycle life as the anode for lithium ion batteries.
Bonding rearrangements in organometallic reactions: from orbitals to curly arrows
Authors: Sciortino Giuseppe , Lledós Agustí , Vidossich Pietro
Published: September 2019

The movement of the center of charge of localized orbitals along a reaction pathway draws the curly arrows describing the bonding rearrangement.
A diamidinatogermylene as a Z-type ligand in a nickel(0) complex
Authors: Feng Zhongtao , Jiang Yixiao , Ruan Huapeng , Zhao Yue , Tan Gengwen , Zhang Li , Wang Xinping
Published: September 2019

We herein report the first example of germylene complexes in which the diaminogermylene acts as a Z-type ligand.
Plant-to-planet analysis of CO2-based methanol processes
Authors: González-Garay Andrés , Frei Matthias S. , Al-Qahtani Amjad , Mondelli Cecilia , Guillén-Gosálbez Gonzalo , Pérez-Ramírez Javier
Published: September 2019

The unprecedented application of planetary boundaries in chemical process assessment uncovers the otherwise unidentifiable potential of green methanol in establishing a sustainable industry.
Platinum-mediated B–H methoxylation of bis(pyrazolyl)borate
Authors: Pal Shrinwantu , Patrick Brian O. , Love Jennifer A.
Published: September 2019

Mechanistic investigations into the role of Pt(ii) in mediating methoxylation of B–H fragments of bis(pyrazolyl)borate.
Bioprospection ofIsochrysis galbanaand its potential as a nutraceutical
Authors: Matos J. , Cardoso C. , Gomes A. , Campos A. M. , Falé P. , Afonso C. , Bandarra N. M.
Published: September 2019

Microalgae have strong potential as novel sources of nutraceuticals, as they contain significant amounts of highly valuable bioactive compounds.
Dietary betaine reduces liver lipid accumulationviaimprovement of bile acid and trimethylamine-N-oxide metabolism in blunt-snout bream
Authors: Wang Fan , Xu Jia , Jakovlić Ivan , Wang Wei-Min , Zhao Yu-Hua
Published: September 2019

Dietary betaine decreased liver lipid accumulation caused by dietary carbohydrate through changes of TMA formation and TMAO and bile acid metabolism.
Matrix-mediated distribution of 4-hydroxy-2-hexanal (nonenal) during deep-frying of chicken breast and potato sticks in vegetable oil
Authors: Ma Lukai , Liu Guoqin , Cheng Weiwei , Liu Xinqi , Liu Huifan , Wang Qin
Published: September 2019

The distribution of HHE/HNE was mediated in different food matrices, namely, starch-based and protein-based foods, during deep-frying of vegetable oils.
Emergence of non-monotonic deep cavity cavitand assembly with increasing portal methylation
Authors: Saltzman Alexander , Tang Du , Gibb Bruce C. , Ashbaugh Henry S.
Published: September 2019

Using molecular simulations, we examine the emergence of non-monotonic deep-cavity cavitand assembly patterns into monomeric and dimeric complexes with alkanes of increasing length.
Selective production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from fructose in the presence of an acid-functionalized SBA-15 catalyst modified with a sulfoxide polymer
Authors: Whitaker Mariah R. , Parulkar Aamena , Brunelli Nicholas A.
Published: September 2019

A bifunctional catalyst design incorporating acid sites and DMSO-like polymers increases the selectivity for fructose dehydration to HMF.
1D nanowires of non-centrosymmetric molecular semiconductors grown by physical vapor deposition
Authors: Park Kwang-Won , Bilger David , Andrew Trisha L.
Published: September 2019

Understanding how dipolar, non-centrosymmetric organic semiconductors self-assemble, nucleate, and crystallize is integral for designing new molecular solids with unique physical properties and light-matter interactions.
Simple fabrication of a carbaldehyde based fluorescent “turn-on” probe for the selective and sole detection of Pd2+: application as test strips
Authors: Manna Chandan Kumar , Gharami Saswati , Aich Krishnendu , Patra Lakshman , Mondal Tapan K.
Published: September 2019

A simple fluorescent “turn-on” probe (DHMC) has been designed for selective and sole detection of Pd2+.
A novel nitrogen heterocyclic ligand-based MOF: synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic properties
Authors: Shang Qigao , Zeng Tianyu , Gao Ke , Liu Nannan , Cheng Qingrong , Liao Guiying , Pan Zhiquan , Zhou Hong
Published: September 2019

The synthesis of novel coordination polymers that are highly efficient, stable and reusable photocatalysts for the degradation of MB dye.
Phenothiazine electrophores immobilized on periodic mesoporous organosilicas by ion exchange
Authors: Schäfgen Björn , Khelwati Hilla , Bechtel Dominique F. , DeCuyper Annelies , Schüssler Axel , Neuba Adam , Pierik Antonio J. , Ernst Stefan , Müller Thomas J. J. , Thiel Werner R.
Published: September 2019

Two different phenothiazines carrying quaternary ammonium groups in the side chain have been synthesized and fully characterized.
Impact of substituent effects on the design of β-sheet mimetics and β-double helices from (E)-vinylogous γ-amino acid oligomers
Authors: Veeresh Kuruva , Singh Manjeet , Gopi Hosahudya N.
Published: September 2019

The impact of substituent effects at the γ-carbon on the structures of (E)-vinylogous γ-amino acid homooligomers is studied.
Iodine-mediated aminosulfonylation of alkenyl sulfonamides with sulfonyl hydrazides: synthesis of sulfonylmethyl piperidines, pyrrolidines and pyrazolines
Authors: Xu Zhong-Qi , Wang Wen-Bo , Zheng Lin-Chuang , Li Lin , Duan Lili , Li Yue-Ming
Published: September 2019

Using iodine as the catalyst, TBHP as the oxidant, and sulfonyl hydrazides as the sulfonyl radical sources, a variety of sulfonylmethyl piperdines, pyrrolidines and pyrazolines could be obtained in moderate to excellent yields.
A facile method to synthesize bio-based and biodegradable copolymers from furandicarboxylic acid and isosorbide with high molecular weights and excellent thermal and mechanical properties
Authors: Ouyang Qing , Liu Jiajian , Li Chuncheng , Zheng Liuchun , Xiao Yaonan , Wu Shaohua , Zhang Bo
Published: September 2019

Biobased, biodegradable copolymers containing isosorbide and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid with high performance are successfully synthesized through a non-solvent and economical pathway.
Access to polyfunctionalized carbazoles through π-extension of 2-methyl-3-oxoacetate indoles
Authors: Guo Yingying , Wang Zhoulu , Zhu Ying , Zhang Qiaochu , Wei Donghui , Liu Xiang , Fu Zhenqian
Published: September 2019

A structurally diverse set of polyfunctionalized carbazoles was efficiently synthesized in acceptable to excellent yields.
Functionalized DNA nanostructures as scaffolds for guided mineralization
Authors: Kim Francesca , Chen Tong , Burgess Trevor , Rasie Prakash , Selinger Tim Luca , Greschner Andrea , Rizis Georgios , Carneiro Karina
Published: September 2019

Nanopatterned DNA–polyaspartic acid (pAsp) conjugates guide the growth of calcium phosphate minerals in the polymer-induced liquid precursor (PILP) method.
Modulating the surface defects of titanium oxides and consequent reactivity of Pt catalysts
Authors: Wang Yanan , Liu Sihang , Pei Chunlei , Fu Qiang , Zhao Zhi-Jian , Mu Rentao , Gong Jinlong
Published: September 2019

This paper describes a detailed understanding of the influence of surface defects of TiO2 supports on the catalytic properties of Pt catalysts.
Unconventional two-step spin relaxation dynamics of [Re(CO)3(im)(phen)]+ in aqueous solution
Authors: Mai Sebastian , González Leticia
Published: September 2019

Full-dimensional excited-state dynamics simulations including explicit solvation show an unprecedented two-step intersystem crossing mechanism with electronic- and nuclear-driven components in [Re(CO)3(imidazole)(phenanthroline)]+.
Enantioselective total synthesis of the unnatural enantiomer of quinine
Authors: Shiomi Shinya , Misaka Remi , Kaneko Mayu , Ishikawa Hayato
Published: September 2019

A practical enantioselective total synthesis of the unnatural (+)-quinine and (−)-9-epi-quinine enantiomers, which are important organocatalysts, is reported.
The first study on the impact of osmolytes in whole cells of high temperature-adapted microorganisms
Authors: Salvador-Castell Marta , Golub Maksym , Martinez Nicolas , Ollivier Jacques , Peters Judith , Oger Philippe
Published: September 2019

The presence of the osmolyte mannosylglycerate in alive cells ofThermococcus barophilus, a hyperthermophile and piezophile, limits the structural rearrangements of its proteome under the archaeon optimal growth conditions,i.e.358 K and 40 MPa.
Optical second harmonic generation in a ferromagnetic liquid crystal
Authors: Brence Jure , Cmok Luka , Sebastián Nerea , Mertelj Alenka , Lisjak Darja , Drevensek-Olenik Irena
Published: September 2019

SHG signal measured during electric field-induced and during magnetic field-induced reorientation.
Tuning the self-organization of confined active particles by the steepness of the trap
Authors: Rana Shubhashis , Samsuzzaman Md. , Saha Arnab
Published: September 2019

A 2D polar layer of self-propelling and self-aligning particles, rotating along the boundary of a circular trap, becomes a round-shaped polar cluster with hexagonal order when the steepness of the trap-boundary is reduced gradually.
Contaminants in Sediments - Remediation and Management
Authors: Knox A. S. , Paller M. H.
Published: September 2019

Metals and organic contaminants are common in many marine and fresh water environments as a result of industrial and military activities. Traditional remediation/risk management options for sediments contaminated with these materials include no action, monitored natural recovery, institutional controls (land use restrictions, etc.), in situ treatment and management, and ex situ treatment and management. Active capping is a newer approach for treating contaminated sediments that involves applying chemically reactive amendments to the sediment surface. The mobile, soluble forms of contaminants are generally considered toxic. Induced chemical precipitation of these metals can shift toxic metals from the aqueous phase to a solid, precipitated phase which is often less bioavailable. This can be achieved through the application of sequestering agents such as rock phosphates, organoclays, zeolites, clay minerals, and biopolymers (e.g., chitosan) in active caps. Active caps can stabilize contaminants in contaminated sediments, lower the bioavailable pool of contaminants, and reduce the release of contaminants to the water column thereby providing an economical and effective alternative to traditional treatments.
The Energy Performance Contracts to enhance the energy efficiency in public sector. The case of Piemonte Region
Authors: De Nigris Silvio
Published: September 2019

Energy performance contracts (EPC) are able to tackle most of the existing barriers for the upscaling of energy efficiency investments in the public sector. Since EPC are complex, a project development assistance service (PDA) supporting small and medium municipalities is essential for their successful implementation. This PDA should be designed following the one-stop shop approach and should provide assistance and solutions along the entire investment chain (from the decision making process, to the monitoring of performance). The case studies of Piemonte Region implemented in the context of EU funded projects demonstrate that this approach is effective and successful. Nevertheless, further actions could ease the wider use of such an approach, such as the specific modification of the legislative framework, the standardisation of tender documents and procedures, tools for de-risking the financial support of EPC and the institutionalisation of the PDA approach among regional authorities and other territorial coordinators.
Machine learning algorithms for predicting air pollutants
Authors: Boonphun Jirat , Kaisornsawad Chalat , Wongchaisuwat Papis
Published: September 2019

An atmospheric particular matter, commonly recognized as PM, contains solid particles and liquid droplets suspending in an ambient air. A high concentration of PM is known to seriously cause adverse health effects to humans especially a small-sized particle, known as PM2.5. Not only health effects, environmental effects are also obviously observed. This work aims to estimate a likelihood of PM2.5 exceeding a pre-defined safety threshold. Multiple machine learning models are explored in this work. Particularly, classification models are implemented based on meteorological data and air pollutant features measured at different altitudes above a ground level. These features are shifted back to various time steps resulting in more insightful time-lagged features. Furthermore, a feature selection technique is implemented to specify a desirable set of important features. A re-sampling technique is also employed to address an unbalancing level of the response value in an original data set. The proposed models are evaluated on a case study whose data set is collected from an air monitoring station located in Bangkok, Thailand.
Conception and numerical simulation of heat and mass transfer in a solid state hydrogen storage reactor
Authors: Alaoui-Belghiti Amine , Rkhis Mourad , Laasri Said , Hajjaji Abdelowahed , Eljouad Mohamed , EL-Otmani Rabie , Hlil El-Kebir
Published: September 2019

Nowadays energy storage seems to be a vital point in any new energy paradigm. It has become an important and strategic issue, to ensure the energetic sufficiency of humanity. Indeed, hydrogen storage in solids has been proved and revealed as clean and efficient energy storage. Moreover, it can be thought as a seriously considered solution to enable renewable energy to be a part of our quotidian life. To achieve storing hydrogen in solid form, the present study aimed to concepts and simulates a solid-state hydrogen storage reactor (tank). An investigation of the parameters influencing the hydrogen storage performance is carried out. Meanwhile, to understand the physical phenomenon taking place during the storage of hydrogen, a 2D numerical modelling for a metal hydrides-based in hydrogen reactor is presented. A strong coupling between energy balance, kinetic law, as well as a mass momentum balance at sorbent bed temperature under a non-uniform pressure was resolved based on finite element method. The temporal evolutions of pressure, the raising temperature in the bed during the hydriding process as well as the impact of the hydrogen supply pressure within the tank are analysed and validated by comparison with the experimental work in literature, a good agreement is obtained. From an industrial point of view, this study can be used to design and manufacture an optimal solid-state hydrogen storage reactor.
Locally aggressive monostotic fibrous dysplasia of the cervical spine mimicking malignancy: a case report and literature review
Authors: Milon Audrey , Polivka Marc , Larousserie Fréderique , Lot Guillaume , Ziza Jean-Marc , Laredo Jean-Denis
Published: September 2019

We report the case of a 30-year-old woman with histologically proven monostotic fibrous dysplasia of C2 revealed by a pathological fracture of the odontoid process. Radiological investigations showed a ground-glass mineralization of the vertebral body, a centimetric lytic area with poorly defined margins involving the inferior part of the vertebral body and inferior endplate and a fracture through an osteolytic area in the base of the odontoid process.

Owing to the vertebral instability, a surgical procedure combining C0–C5 fixation and posterior bone grafting was performed. The surgical biopsy was inconclusive and pathological confirmation was finally obtained through a percutaneous needle biopsy under fluoroscopic guidance. At 26-month follow-up, the patient still experienced mild persistent cervical posterior neck pain and stiffness possibly related to a C5–6 laxity below the intervertebral fixation.

This case combines three radiological findings, which are unusual in fibrous dysplasia: monostotic presentation involving the spine, some aggressive radiographic features, and a pathological fracture.
Analyse der Anwendung der intraoperativen photodynamischen Diagnostik beim Harnblasenkarzinom
Authors: Albarghouth Mohamad Hatem , Hamza Amir
Published: September 2019

Hintergrund Die photodynamische Diagnostik (PDD) findet weit verbreitet Anwendung zur Diagnostik und Therapie der oberflächlichen Harnblasenkarzinome. Wir untersuchten diese Methode hinsichtlich ihres Effekts auf die Rezidiv-Rate, Residualtumor-Rate und das progressionsfreie Überleben.

Material und Methoden Es handelt sich um eine retrospektive Studie mit einem Kollektiv von 98 Patienten, die im Zeitraum von 10/2014 bis 02/2018 wegen eines primären Harnblasentumors entweder per WL-TURB (Weißlicht-transurethrale Resektion des Harnblasentumors) (49 Patienten) oder BL-TURB (Blaulicht-transurethrale Resektion des Harnblasentumors) mit PDD (49 Patienten) operiert wurden. Die Patienten wurden bis Ende des ersten Beobachtungsjahres auf das Auftreten von Tumorrezidiven geprüft. Weiterhin wurden das 3-Monats- sowie 1-Jahres-rezidivfreie-Überleben sowie das 1 Jahres-progressionsfreie-Überleben unter der neuen Definition der Progression nach EORTC-Risikoklassifizierung von Sylvester 2006 bestimmt. Zudem wurde die Residualtumor-Rate bei der Nachresektion dargestellt.

Ergebnisse Es konnten folgende Ergebnisse unabhängig vom Alter, Geschlecht und histologischen Befund dargestellt werden.: Residualtumor: Blaulicht-Gruppe 13,95 % vs. Weißlicht-Gruppe 32,6 %, (p 0,02, OR 3,8, CI 95 % [1,17 – 12,85]); 3-Monats-rezidivfreies-Überleben: Blaulicht-Gruppe 87,7 % vs. Weißlicht-Gruppe 67,4 % (p 0,02, HR 3,18, CI 95 % [1,20 – 8,42]); 1-Jahres-rezidivfreies-Überleben: Blaulicht-Gruppe 77,6 % vs. Weißlicht-Gruppe 55,1 % (p 0,015. HR 2,56, CI 95 % [1,20 – 5,45]); 1-Jahres-progressionfreies-Überleben: Blaulicht-Gruppe 95,9 % vs. Weißlicht-Gruppe 79,6 %, p 0,03. HR 5,23, CI 95 % [1,11 – 24,53]).

Schlussfolgerung Bei der Verwendung von Hexaminolevulinat im Vergleich mit der Weißlichtzystoskopie wird das Risiko für Residualtumoren signifikant gesenkt. Das 3- sowie 12-Monats-rezidivfreie Überleben, insbesondere bei Tumoren mit niedrigem- sowie mittlerem Risiko und das 1-Jahres-progressionsfreie-Überleben, insbesondere bei den Hoch-Risiko-Tumoren, werden signifikant verlängert.
Neck Pain & Disability among School Teachers and its
Association with Gender, Body Mass Index, Classes per Week and Method of Lecture
Delivery
Authors: Arsh Aatik , Idrees Sohail , Zafar Naveed , Amin Brekhna , Ahad Shah
Published: September 2019

Purpose Neck pain is common among school teachers due to regular
involvement in teaching activities. The purpose of this study was to determine
the neck Pain & disability among school teachers and its association
with gender, body mass index, classes per week and method of lecture
delivery.

Methods A cross sectional study was conducted in Peshawar Pakistan from
August 2017 to February 2018. A self administered questionnaire was used to
collect demographic and teaching related information while Neck Disability Index
(NDI) was used to assess neck disability. School teachers having at least 1 year
teaching experience were included in the study. Teachers involved in
administrative activities and/or having any systemic disease or
co-morbidity were excluded. SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data.

Results Mean age of the participants was 31.99±6.93. There were
110 (39.6%) male and 168 (60.4%) female participants. Out of
total participants, 99(35.6%) teachers reported that they had neck pain.
Majority (n=188, 67.6%) of participants had no neck pain related
disability while 63 (22.7%) had mild, 22 (7.9%) had moderate and
5 (1.8%) had severe disability. None of the participants had complete
disability. Female gender was significantly associated (P-value<0.05)
with neck pain and disability.

Conclusion Prevalence of neck pain is high among school teachers. Female
teachers and those who take more than 10 classes per week are more prone to
developing neck pain.
Rhein Augments Antiproliferative Effects of Atezolizumab Based on Breast Cancer (4T1) Regression
Authors: Shen Zhanyun , Zhu Bo , Li Jiao , Qin Luping
Published: September 2019

Rhein, an anthraquinone extracted from rhubarb, is used in traditional Chinese medicine for diuresis, diarrhoea, inflammation, and immune regulation. Atezolizumab, a programmed cell death ligand 1 monoclonal antibody, is mainly used to treat bladder cancer and non-small cell lung cancer unresponsive to chemotherapy. We explored the effects of rhein and atezolizumab in combination on breast cancer. Mice with established 4T1 breast cancer xenografts were administered rhein (10 mg/kg) and atezolizumab (10 mg/kg), alone and in combination, and the effects on tumour growth were evaluated. The proportion of CD8+ T cells in the spleen and tumour tissue, the levels of TNF-α, and interleukin-6 in serum as well as the mRNA levels of apoptotic factors (caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and Bax/Bcl-2) were also evaluated. All of the treatment groups had inhibitory effects on the xenograft tumour growth, with results that were significantly different from those in the control group. In addition, the proportion of CD8+ T cells in the spleen and tumour was significantly increased in the combination therapy group and was significantly different from the other treatment groups. The serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly increased in the rhein and combination therapy groups. Finally, the levels of various apoptotic factors in tumour tissues were significantly higher in the combination treatment group than those in the other groups. Administration of rhein, atezolizumab, or their combination all had therapeutic effects on 4T1 breast cancer xenografts in mice, with the combination treatment having stronger effects.
Pharmacogenetics of Atremorine-Induced Neuroprotection and Dopamine Response in Parkinsonʼs Disease
Authors: Cacabelos Ramón , Carrera Iván , Alejo Ramón , Fernández-Novoa Lucía , Cacabelos Pablo , Corzo Lola , Rodríguez Susana , Alcaraz Margarita , Tellado Iván , Cacabelos Natalia , Pego Rocío , Carril Juan C.
Published: September 2019

Atremorine is a novel bioproduct with neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic neurons and a natural L-DOPA donor in Parkinsonʼs disease (PD). In the present study, we show the effects of a single dose of Atremorine (5 g, p. o.) on plasma dopamine (DA) response and brain function in PD (n = 183) and the influence that pathogenic (LRRK2), metabolic (CYP2D5, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A5, NAT2), transporter (ABCB1), pleiotropic (APOE), and detoxifying genes (CYP1B1, GSTT1, GSTP1, GSTM1, SOD2) involved in the pharmacogenetic network exerts on Atremorine-induced DA response. Over 90% of PD patients at diagnosis show plasma DA levels below 20 pg/mL. Atremorine induces DA synthesis causing a significant increase in plasma DA levels 1 h after administration in practically 100% of patients. Females tend to show lower basal DA levels than males and the response of DA to Atremorine is stronger in males than in females. Atremorine-induced DA response is pharmacogenotype-specific and lasts from 6 – 12 h depending upon the pharmacogenetic profile of each patient. Genetic variants in pathogenic genes, metabolic genes, and genes involved in the detoxification processes affect the response of DA to Atremorine in a genotype-specific manner. Atremorine or any of its bioactive components can cross the blood-brain barrier and improve brain function and motor function, as revealed by the reduction in slow wave activity in brain mapping and psychometric assessment, respectively. Atremorine is a selective neuroprotective agent for dopaminergic neurons with prophylactic and therapeutic potential in PD.
Prevalence of Styloid Process Elongation on Panoramic Radiography in the Turkey Population from Cappadocia Region
Authors: Gokce Cumali , Sisman Yildiray , Ertas Elif Tarim , Akgunlu Faruk , Ozturk Ahmet
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of styloid process elongation (SPE) detected on panoramic radiographs (PRs) in Cappadocia region population in Turkey and to investigate the SPE incidences in relation to the age subgroups.

Methods: Between 2004 to 2007 years, a random sample of 750 PRs was collected from the data files and any questionable PR was excluded. Therefore, 698 PRs were included in the present study. The subjects were divided into six age subgroups: 10–19, 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59 and 60 years and older. Fifty-four (7.7%) patients demonstrated SPE at least one side.

Results: There were statistical differences between 10-19, 20-29 age subgroups and 30-39, 5059 age subgroups in terms of the SPE prevalence, but not other subgroups.
Conclusions: According to our knowledge, this is the highest prevalence in comparison to the other Turkish reports and the first study in terms of the SPE prevalence in Cappadocia region population. Also, the subgroup analyse suggested that the age may not have a role in the elongation of the SP. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:18-22)
Microleakage of Class-V Composite Restorations with Different Bonding Systems on Fluorosed Teeth
Authors: Küçükeşmen Çiḡdem , Sönmez Hayriye
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To examine the effects of dental fluorosis and total and self-etch bonding systems on microleakage of Class-V composite restorations in permanent molar teeth.

Methods: Teeth were classified as three main groups according to Thylstrup-Fejerskov Index (TFI) as TFI=0, TFI=1-3 and TFI=4. Total and self-etching/bonding procedures were determined for each main group. Total-etching procedures were acid-etching for 30s and acid-etching for 60s with Single Bond/total-etch bonding system. Self-etching procedure was applied with Prompt-L-Pop/self-etch bonding system. 63 box-shaped Class-V cavities (4×2×2 mm) were prepared on mid-buccal/palatinal/lingual surfaces of teeth for totalling nine test groups (n=7). Restorations with composite material (Charisma) polymerized with halogen unit for 40s. Teeth were thermocycled between +5°C - +55°C (×500), immersed in 0.5% basic-fuchsin solution (37°C, 24h) and separated longitudinally in bucco-lingual direction. Dye penetration was examined under stereomicroscope (3.2×10).

Results: Microleakage levels were higher in teeth of TFI=4 than TFI=0 occlusally or cervically (P<.05). In TFI=0; total-etched teeth for 30s have statistically shown more leakage than total-etched teeth for 60s occlusally or cervically (P<.05). In TFI=4; microleakage levels were significantly higher for 30s than 60s cervically (P<.05). For all TFI levels, microleakage was commonly increased with self-etch system than total-etch system (P<.05). Generally, higher leakage was present at cervical margins than occlusal margins (P<.05).

Conclusions: Microleakage has increased by severity of dental fluorosis. Generally, more leakage was observed in total-etched teeth for 30s than 60s. Microleakage was commonly higher in self-etched teeth than total-etched teeth. More leakage was present at cervical margins than occlusal margins. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:48-58)
Unusual Cases of the Transmigrated Mandibular Canines: Report of 4 Cases
Authors: Aktan Ali Murat , Kara Sami , Akgunlu Faruk , sman Eren , Malkoc Siddik
Published: September 2019

The canine impaction is not uncommon in dental literature, but the transmigration of mandibular canine is a rare phenomenon, and some of them are far more extreme than others. In this study, we aimed to present the more extreme cases of the four transmigrated mandibular canine cases with special emphasis on their classification. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:122-126)
Apical Extrusion of Intracanal Debris Using Two Engine Driven and Step-Back Instrumentation
Techniques: An In-Vitro Study
Authors: Kustarci Alper , Akdemir Neslihan , Siso Seyda Herguner , Altunbas Demet
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare in-vitro the amount of debris extruded apically from extracted teeth, using K3, Protaper rotary instruments and manual step-back technique.

Methods: Forty five human single-rooted mandibular premolar teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups. The teeth in 3 groups were instrumented until reaching the working length with K3, Protaper rotary instruments and K-type stainless steel instruments with manual step-back technique, respectively. Debris extruded from the apical foramen was collected into centrifuge tubes and the amount was determined. The data obtained were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance and Mann-Whitney U tests, with P=.05 as the level for statistical significance.

Results: Statistically significant difference was observed between K3, Protaper and step-back groups in terms of debris extrusion (P<.05). Step-back group had the highest mean debris weight, which was significantly different from the K3 and Protaper groups (P<.05). The lowest mean debris weight was related to K3 group, which was significantly different from the Protaper group (P<.05).

Conclusions: Based on the results, all instrumentation techniques produced debris extrusion. The engine-driven Ni-Ti systems extruded significantly less apical debris than step-back technique. However, Protaper rotary instruments extruded significantly more debris than K3 rotary instruments. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:233-239)
Lactoferrin in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Peripheral Blood during Experimental Gingivitis
Authors: Ozdemir Burcu , Ozcan Gonen , Karaduman Burcu , Teoman Aslı Idil , Ayhan Eylem , Ozer Nazmi , Us Durdal
Published: September 2019

Objectives: Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron binding protein and stored in the specific granules of granulocytes. It is released by degranulation following granulocyte activation. A positive correlation was previously reported between periodontitis and LF titers of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and blood. The purpose of this study was to examine alterations of GCF and blood levels of LF (LF-GCF and LF-BL, respectively), employing the experimental gingivitis model.

Methods: Twelve systemically healthy volunteers, aged 19-21, were selected. Pre-experimental phase of hygiene was followed by a 14-day experimental gingivitis phase in which subjects refrained from all oral hygiene procedures. After that subjects resumed optimal plaque control for 21 days of recovery period. At days 0 (baseline), 14 and 35 gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and blood samples were collected and plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing pocket depth scores were recorded. LF levels were measured with commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit.

Results: PI, GI, BOP and LF-GCF increased significantly after 14 days of experimental gingivitis period and decreased significantly after reinstitution of oral hygiene measures (P<.05). LF-BL appeared to follow the same pattern. Significant negative correlation was detected between the level of LF-BL and BOP at day 14 (P<.05), whereas significant positive correlation was noticed between LFBL and clinical scores PI, GI and BOP at day 35 (P<.05).

Conclusions: LF-BL followed the same pattern with LF-GCF and clinical scores during the experimental gingivitis and recovery periods, although alterations of the LF-BL appeared statistically insignificant. (Eur J Dent 2009;3:16-23)
Survival and Success of ITI Implants and Prostheses: Retrospective Study of Cases with 5-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Gokcen-Rohlig Bilge , Yaltirik Mehmet , Ozer Senem , Tuncer Ebru Demet , Evlioglu Gulumser
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The use of osseointegrated implants as an endoestal anchorage device to provide support for dental prostheses is a reliable and widely accepted treatment modality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of non-submerged implants placed in the maxilla or in the mandible.

Methods: A total of 146 International Team for Implantology (ITI) (Straumann AG, Waldenburg, Switzerland) implants were placed in 42 patients (20 women, 22 men, mean age 42). The cases were examined retrospectively in order to evaluate the clinical efficiency of non-submerged ITI implants and to determine the success rate of implant retained/supported prosthesis after a 5-year period. All implants were assessed clinically and radiographically on a yearly basis.

Results: The 5-year cumulative success rates for maxillary and mandibular implants were 91.00% and 97.81%, respectively. The most common prosthetic complication was abutment accompanied by screw loosing (3.42%). Veneering material fracture was documented in only one patient.

Conclusions: Within the limitations of the observation period and sample number, the present findings confirmed sufficient success and survival rates of ITI implants placed in mandible as well as implants placed in the maxilla after a 5-year period. (Eur J Dent 2009;3:42-49)
Influence of Different Drinks on the Colour Stability of Dental Resin Composites
Authors: Topcu Fulya Toksoy , Sahinkesen Gunes , Yamanel Kivanc , Erdemir Ugur , Oktay Elif Aybala , Ersahan Seyda
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the discolouration effects of artificial saliva, granule lemon juice, coffee (without sugar), coca cola, sour cherry juice, fresh carrot juice and red wine on resin-based composite materials that are commonly used in restorative dentistry.

Methods: Colour of four brands of resin composites (Filtek Z 250 (3M Espe), Filtek Supreme (3M Espe), Quadrant (Cavex), Charisma (Heraeus-Kulzer)) of A2 shade was measured after one day of immersion in eight different solutions. Colour measurements were obtained by using a XL-20 Trismus Colourimeter and colour differences (�E) were estimated. For statistical evaluation, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Dunnett and Tukey tests were used at a significance level of 0.05.

Results: For the four restorative materials tested, the lowest ΔE values were observed in the artificial saliva, while ΔE values were the highest in red wine group. When comparing the four different restorative materials, Filtek Supreme exhibited the least colour changes whereas Filtek Z250 was the least colour-stable.

Conclusions: Dental resin composites and drinking solutions were significant factors that may affect the colour stability. After immersion for one day, all materials showed visible colour changes. The red wine solution exhibited more staining than others in three groups. Filtek Supreme showed significantly the least colour change due to its nano particle sizes. (Eur J Dent 2009;3:50-56)
Effects of Current Provisional Restoration Materials on the Viability of Fibroblasts
Authors: Ulker Mustafa , Ulker H. Esra , Zortuk Mustafa , Bulbul Mehmet , Tuncdemir Ali Riza , Bilgin M. Selim
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of three different provisional restoration materials on fibroblasts. Two bis-acrylic based [Tempofit Duomix (Detax), Protemp 3 Garant (3M ESPE)] and one urethan dimethacrylate [Revotek LC (GC Corporation)] based provisional restoration materials used.

Methods: Materials were prepared according to the manufacturers’ instructions in standard teflon disks (2×5mm) and four samples were extracted in 7 ml of Basal Medium Eagle with 10% new born calf serum and 100 mg/ml penicillin/streptomycin for 24 hours. The L929 fibroblast cells were plate (25.000 cells/ml) in well plates, and maintained in a CO2 incubator at 37°C for 24h. After 24 hours, the incubation medium was replaced by the immersed medium in which the samples were stored and the L929 fibroblasts were incubated in contact with eluates for 24 hours at 37°C for 24h. The fibroblast cell viability was analyzed by measuring the mitochondrial activity with the methyltetrazolium test (MTT). Twelve well used for each specimen and experiment repeated for two times. The data was statistically analyzed by Mann-Whitney U tests.

Results: The results showed that, Revotek LC and Protemp 3 Garant were not cytotoxic for fibroblast cells when compared to control group (P>.05). However, Tempofit duomix was cytotoxic for L929 fibroblasts when compared to control group and other tested materials (P%.05).

Conclusions: Taking into consideration the limitations of an in vitro study, our study indicate that provisional restoration materials might have cytotoxic effects on fibroblasts and should be selected carefully for clinical applications. (Eur J Dent 2009;3:114-119)
Efficiency of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate–Containing Orthodontic Composite and Resin Modified Glass Ionomer on Demineralization Evaluated By a New Laser Fluorescence Device
Authors: Uysal Tancan , Amasyali Mihri , Koyuturk Alp Erdin , Sagdic Deniz
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the efficacy of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (ACP)-containing orthodontic composite and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) on enamel demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets evaluated by a new laser fluorescence device.

Methods: Sixty extracted maxillary premolars were used in the present study. Twenty orthodontic brackets were bonded with ACP-containing orthodontic adhesive (Aegis-Ortho), 20 were bonded with RMGIC (Fuji Ortho LC) ad20 were bonded with Transbond XT composite as the control. All samples were then cycled for 21 days through a daily procedure of demineralization for 6 hours and remineralization for 17 hours. After this procedure, demineralization evaluations were undertaken by a pen-type laser fluorescence device (DIAGNO-dent Pen). Analysis ofvariance (ANOVA) and Tukey test was used for statistical evaluation, at P<.05 level.

Results: According to ANOVA, significant demineralization variations (ΔD) were determined among groups (F=6.650; P<.01). The ACP-containing composite showed the lowest (mean: 8.98±2.38) and the control composite showed the highest (mean:12.15±3.83) ΔD, during 21 days demineralization process (P<.01). Significant difference was also observed between the ΔD scores of the RMGIC (mean: 9.24±2.73) and control (P<.05).No significant differences was found in preventive effects of ACP-containing composite and RMGIC (P<.05) against demineralization.

Conclusions: The use of both ACP-containing orthodontic composite and RMGIC should be recommended for any at-risk orthodontic patient to provide preventive actions and potentially remineralize subclinical enamel demineralization. (Eur J Dent 2009;3:127-134)
Effect of Thermo-mechanical Load Cycling on Microleakage in Class II Ormocer Restorations
Authors: Erdilek Dina , Dörter Can , Koray Fatma , Kunzelmann Karl-Heinz , Efes Begum Guray , Gomec Yavuz
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the marginal sealing ability of an ormocer in comparison with a hybrid composite when using thermocycling and load cycling procedures together in the study design.

Methods: Modified proximal Class II cavities were prepared on the mesial and distal surfaces of twenty-two human premolars. Each tooth was restored with Admira and contralaterally with TPH Spectrum. Half of all of the teeth were subjected to thermo-mechanical load cycling. After dye penetration, longitudinal sections in mesio-distal direction were prepared and examined under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed with Mann Whitney U test.

Results: The results showed that the thermo-mechanical load cycling caused a statistically significant increase in gingival microleakage when compared with the non-thermocycled and nonloaded restorations for both the materials Admira (P=0.006) and TPH Spectrum (P=0.023).

Conclusions: Simultaneous load cycling and thermocycling are decisive factors in the in vitro assessment of gingival microleakage, which still remains to be a clinical problem even with the ormocer system Admira. (Eur J Dent 2009;3:200-206)
Impacted Mandibular Permanent Incisors Associated With a Supernumerary Tooth: A Case Report
Authors: Ozan Fatih , Kara Isa , Ay Sinan
Published: September 2019

In this report, a rare case of impacted mandibular permanent incisors and supernumerary tooth associated with cystic degeneration and its treatment are described. (Eur J Dent 2009;3:324-328)
Hypodontia. Does the Prevalence and
Distribution Pattern Differ in Orthodontic
Patients?
Authors: Sisman Yildiray , Uysal Tancan , Gelgor Ibrahim    Erhan
Published: September 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to document the prevalence of hypodontia in the permanent dentition among a group of Turkish sample who sought orthodontic treatment and to compare present results with the specific findings of other populations. The occurrence was evaluated in relation to gender, specific missing teeth, the location and pattern of distribution in the maxillary and mandibular arches and right and left sides.

Materials And Methods: Orthodontic files of 2413 patients (1557 females-mean age: 17.78±5.41 years old and 856 males-mean age:17.02±5.47 years old) which included orthopantomograms, study models, and anamnestic data were examined for evidence of hypodontia.

Results: The prevalence of hypodontia was 7.54% (8.09% for female and 6.54% for male). Hypodontia was found considerably more frequently in the maxilla than in the mandible. Similarity in the distribution of missing teeth between the right and left sides was detected. The most frequently missing teeth were the maxillary lateral incisors, followed by the mandibular and maxillary second premolars. The majority of patients had one or two teeth missing, but seldom three or more.

Conclusions: Present data for hypodontia were within the wide range reported in the literature.
The findings of patients with hypodontia involving the anterior teeth and others missing more than two teeth in the same quadrant were an indication of a great need for orthodontic treatment. By early detection of missing teeth, alternative treatment modalities can be planned and performed with a multidisciplinary team approach. (Eur J Dent 2007;1:167-173)
Direct Laryngoscopy Using a Videogastroscope : A New Technique
Authors: Chandail Vijant Singh , Jamwal Vinu , Kanotra J Paul
Published: September 2019

Background and objectives: Although indirect laryngoscopy is commonly used method for evaluation of laryngeal disorders in outpatient Ear, Nose and Throat Department (ENT) but proper and accurate diagnosis is not possible in every patient. The direct laryngoscopy using fiberoptic- or video- laryngoscopy has been shown to be a valuable tool in the examination of laryngeal and supraglottic anatomy and pathology. Our goal was to develop a new diagnostic method wherein direct laryngoscopy can be performed by videogastroscope which unlike fiberoptic- or video- laryngoscopy, is readily available at most of the centres.

Methods: Between May 2009 and December 2009, 1462 consecutive patients underwent indirect laryngoscopy for evaluation of laryngeal disorders at ENT outpatient department. Fifty-two (93.6%) consecutive patients who had unsuccessful, inconclusive or incomplete examination underwent direct laryngoscopy with videogastroscope.

Results: The study group consisted of 39 males and 13 females with mean age of 34.8 ± 11 years (range 14 to 58 years). The following abnormalities were found in vocal cords in 31 (59.6%) patients: cancer in 8 patients; leukoplakia, 6; cases, nodules, 6; palsy, 5; epitheloid granuloma, 2; submucosal hemorrhages, 2; and polyp in 2.

Conclusions: Direct laryngoscopy using videogastroscope is safe, feasible and highly accurate for the diagnosis of laryngeal disorders.( J Dig Endos2011;2(1):6-8)
Spontaneous Intraluminal Migration of Gossypiboma
Authors: Saji Sebastian
Published: September 2019

Retained surgical mops following surgery is an avoidable but serious complication. They are seldom reported because of medicolegal implications but clinicians need to be aware about varied presentations of this entity to avoid unnecessary morbidity. We report a case of a 28-year-old woman who presented with chronic diarrhea and lower abdominal pain due to intraluminal migration of the surgical mop into the sigmoid colon 6 months after myomectomy of the uterus. The possibility of gossypiboma was suggested by the contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen. Flexible sigmoidosocpy showed the remnants of the mop inside the lumen of the sigmoid colon. She underwent laparotomy and removal of the surgical mop and became completely asymptomatic. Though gossypiboma is rare clinicians should keep it in mind in patients who had undergone laparotomy previously. (J Dig Endosc2011;2(1):22-24)