bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated damping tank of sewage pumping stations
Authors: Skibo D V , Tolstoy M Y , Chizhik K I
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we consider the problems of operating facilities of the wastewater system. The technical equipment of the existing sewage pumping stations on the territory of the Russian Federation was analyzed and evaluated. The analysis of the regulatory and technical documentation and environmental standards governing the procedure for the discharge of wastewater from settlements in the Soviet Union during the period 1962-1985 has been carried out, and design solutions of this period have been compared to modern environmental requirements. The factors affecting the operation of sewage equipment are determined, taking into account its design capabilities and the actual state in the development of the urban environment. The innovative solution “Automated damping tank of sewage pumping stations” is presented as an additional structure for optimizing operating modes and improving the reliability of sewage pumping stations, as well as environmental protection. The conditions for the adaptation of innovative development in the technological process of existing wastewater systems are determined.
Treatment of waste and drainage water by biosorption method in Voronezh region
Authors: Akulshin A A , Shcherbakov V I , Kulmedov B M
Published: December 2019

This paperwork studies a biosorption method in waste and drainage water treatment in the Don river basin under Voronezh climate conditions. The research question is: how an effective biosorption method in the Voronezh region. In this experiment Eichhornia (water hyacinth) is used as a biosorbent plant and the authors analyze the removing of some contaminants with eichhornia from wastewater. The experiment took place in the Rozhdestvenskaya Khava village of the Novousmansky district in the Voronezh region. According to experimental parameters in a period of 30 days, the effectiveness of this method is examined. An experiment is compared with similar previous experiments. Finally, at the end of this article the authors list conclusions and some recommendations according to the results of the experiment.
Optimal design of foundations by means of nonlinear calculation methods
Authors: Dezhina I Yu
Published: December 2019

This paper proposes using the defining equations from the theory of adaptive evolution of mechanical systems (which is based on the variational principles of nonlinear structural mechanics) to design the shape and size of foundations. It presents an expression for finding the potential energy of a system and the deformation energy density, as well as the variational Lagrange equation. The paper formulates a nonlinear boundary problem solved by finite-element analysis. The solution imposes a constraint on the modulus of elasticity to take into account the physico-mechanical properties of the materials. A calculation algorithm and an ADPL program are written for ANSYS. The paper also presents a solution to the problem of finding the rational foundation shaped for the case of plain strain. The solution-derived rational foundation shape is shown. The authors plot the stresses and energy densities as a function of evolution at the onset and finish of iterative processes. Note that the resulting foundation shape is more stable, more accurately positioned in the soil, and can carry a greater load compared to more conventional shapes.
Forecast of settlement of single pile based on hereditary creep
Authors: Sychkina E N
Published: December 2019

The various calculation models are proposed in the literature for the purpose of description the creep behavior of soil bases. The objective of the paper is to develop an algorithm to predict long-term settlement of piles based on the rheological deformation model using Koltunov’s creep kernel. The paper discusses the results of single pile tests on weathered claystones and sandstones. Based on experimental results and theoretical study the author developed an automated algorithm for the calculation of settlement of pile on weathered claystones and sandstones. The following tasks are solved: 1) to describe the research technique; 2) to analyze the results of testing single piles; 3) to perform numerical calculation of settlement of piles; 4) to describe the capabilities of the developed algorithm for the calculation of pile settlement; 5) to compare the results of field tests, numerical simulation and calculation of the proposed method; 6) to state conclusions. The result shows that the proposed method is an excellent option for identifying the parameters of creep core for the prediction of long-term settlement of piles on claystones and sandstones.
Assessment of operating environment of concrete lining of sewage collector tunnels
Authors: Kulikova E Yu
Published: December 2019

The most important task in the field of design and construction of urban underground structures is the durability of their lining, which is a failure-free operation of the structure for a given period at a minimum cost of its construction. The quality of building processes, service life of underground structures and capital costs depend on the type of lining and technology of its construction. In this paper, on the basis of collector tunnels examinations the conditions of their work were revealed. Studies showed that the failure of the lining of sewers or its partial destruction occurs under the influence of the following factors: water-abrasive wear of the tunnel tray; gas and chemical corrosion, caused by the aggressiveness of the media flowing through the tunnels; biological corrosion; leaching of free lime from concrete under the influence of external groundwater, etc. It is revealed that the collector tunnels are subject to erosion of the tray associated with the abrasion effect of solids characteristic of the masses flowing through the tunnel. The effect of abrasives is exacerbated by the presence of “fistula”, cracks and chemical effects, which leads to weakening of the material and the tray design.
Comparative analysis of stability of embankment on the basis of torsional ring shear test
Authors: Sobolev E S , Morev D S
Published: December 2019

Designing slopes and embankments is an important geotechnical stage in the framework of industrial, civil and transport construction. For analytical and numerical stability calculations for the first limiting state, soil strength parameters are required, obtained, as a rule, based on the results of field and laboratory studies. Currently, a significant number of methods and equipment for soil testing for shear have been developed. In this paper we focus on the method of testing of cohesive soils under torsional shear ring. It is believed that this type of shear tests most accurately repeats the mechanical process observed during the destruction of slopes and embankments with the formation of fixed cut surfaces and taking into account large shear deformations. This paper contains information on the design of an experimental instrument for a ring (cylindrical) shear of cohesive soil samples. The processing of the results of torsional shear with different speeds is presented, the parameters and methods for finding them. The main purpose of the tests - determination of residual strength parameters: the angle of internal friction and cohesion. Examples are given of using the parameters obtained during tests of a torsional shear for numerical simulation of embankment from cohesive soil.
Consideration of parameters of underground structures interaction with soils when solving geotechnical problems
Authors: Ter-Martirosyan A Z , Sidorov V V , Almakaeva A S
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to determining the influence of the strength reduction factor on the interaction that occurs between the soil mass and underground structures. The objectives of this paper are the study of the strength characteristics at the contact of the soil and the material of the structure, the calculation of the strength reduction factor and application it in the numerical simulation of various geotechnical problems. Strength characteristics are obtained on direct shear apparatus. Concrete is used as construction material. The strength reduction factor is calculated as the ratio between the limit shear strength of the soil-concrete and the limit shear strength of the soil-soil. The results of numerical simulation show that when using interface elements and reducing the strength properties at the soil-concrete contact, the displacement of structures, as well as the forces arising in them, will change compared to cases where their interaction is not simulated. In reality, at the contact of the soil mass and underground structures there is a gap and slippage, and the use of interfaces allows more accurately taking into account these processes.
Statistical analysis of field measurements during the excavation of mine workings and their assessment
Authors: Yatimov A J , Yatimov T A , Yatimov U A
Published: December 2019

The article describes the production experience and a static analysis of the results of field measurements during the excavation of mine workings by contour blasting. A decision to perform field measurements during excavation and a statistical analysis of the results is made in order to assess the possibility of their use for normalization. The high degree of correspondence of the actual distribution of the results of field measurements to the normal law makes it possible to successfully use all the statistical characteristics of the theoretical distribution in analytical studies and in solving problems of improving technology and normalizing using the contour blasting method. The bulk of the results of downhole measurements of the parameters of contour blasting is in a narrow range of two standards ẋ ± Sx
which allows us to further consider these ratios as criteria for the development of regulatory tolerances for the execution of a Blasting Pattern (BP) that provides practically acceptable contouring accuracy and the quality of the newly formed surface space.
Investigation of possibilities of automated design of bolted connections in nanoCAD editor for building structures
Authors: Kuvshinov N S
Published: December 2019

The article discusses the use of the Russian editor nanoCAD, replacing foreign editors AutoCAD and Autodesk Invenor, for computer-aided design of bolted connections in building structures. It is shown that there are various means for computer-aided design. These include the Mechanics tab and the Bolted Joint tool from the “Design” group, which after calling and specifying the starting and ending points of the connection, opens the “Fastening Details” dialog box. The latest lists bolts, made according to USDD (Unified system of design documentation) standards. Changing the diameter of the bolt metric thread, the type of washer and nut, the authors carry out a preliminary automated selection of the connection, based on the dimensions of the parts to be joined in building structures. If there are no necessary connection components in the “Fastening details” dialog box, they are selected from the Editor’s Element Base in the “Part selection” dialog box. Optimization and refinement of the parameters of pre-designed connections is carried out on the Tab Table parameters of the dialog box “GOST 7796–70 Isp. 1, 3, 4”. For the final check, the Calculation tab and one of the options, the design schemes that are opened in it, are used.
Developing professional competences in training construction engineering specialists
Authors: Dubovikova E P
Published: December 2019

The article considers the possibilities of developing general and professional competences in students trained under the engineering specialties in an institution of higher education. Modern universities aim at developing general and professional competences, which are characteristic of the future professional activities of graduates. The article notes that training should result in forming soft skills and professional competences in the field of construction, in compliance with the requirements of FGOS VPO 3+. Theoretical basics of the optimal training of engineers in the context of the competency-based approach are described. Obviously, there is a need for training competitive specialists in the field of construction, capable of working in modern economic environment, based on the integration of the educational process and production. A future specialist must be able to successfully fulfill the tasks of their professional activity, and that means that while still studying they need to acquire both non-technical and professional competences, which will facilitate their social mobility and stability in the labor market.
Mounting clamps of building constructions
Authors: Slabinskiy A I , Lebedev S G
Published: December 2019

The article considers an innovative mounting clamp, which allows creating fundamentally new dismountable building constructions, engineering structures and outfits. While considering different methods of structural morphology, the article geometrically interprets the space-planning and technology requirements set for the framework of the designed building surface. The whole complex of the research, development and engineering works was performed, and it confirmed the proposed performance characteristics of the innovative mounting clamp – ball clamp. In the course of works a number of analogs of mounting clamps used in the constructions’ assembly were analyzed, their disadvantages were determined, and an innovative mounting clamp – ball clamp – was engineered. The advantages of the ball clamp as compared to its analogs were confirmed by the computations and tests performed at the laboratory of SUSU (NRU). Using the 3D computer modeling allowed creating a new design of the ball clamp manufactured by the cold-forming method. The 3D modeling provided a possibility to develop the design documentation and make preparations for series production of the ball clamp, as well as improve the capacity of its manufacture and considerably reduce the prime cost.
Geometric modelling of building forms using BIM, VR, AR-technology
Authors: Tretyakova Z O , Voronina M V , Merkulova V A
Published: December 2019

Modern conditions set new tasks for designers and impose previously not arisen requirements. Along with the design, an important factor is the further presentation of the construction project to the potential consumer. The use of modern VR and AR technologies allows us to bring several advantages to the design that complements the living, real world with digital models. Therefore, there was a need to change the methods of teaching the design for students of construction, considering these factors. Purpose of research - to create a complete information model of the building with the help of computer-aided design, as well as the research of the impact of augmented reality technologies on the design conditions and presentation of the project. Method of research: observation, comparison, and analysis of the results of research of information and computer technologies, observation, comparison and using the experience of the university. The article presents the positive results of creating an information model of the building with the help of graphic programs. Traditional and progressive methods of design, new opportunities of VR and AR-technologies are considered.
Architectural education: translating internal potential into external actual
Authors: Davydova O V
Published: December 2019

The interrelations of economic development waves with waves of thinking, perception, understanding and processing of information for new architectural concepts are considered. A model is presented for translating the internal potential into the external relevant in the educational process using the forms of full-time and distance, traditional methodological support and digital opportunities. Self-assessment of the results of education - internal and external increments, through self-assessment of cognitive (knowledge), creative (creative), organizational (managerial), communicative, value-semantic competences, helps self-determination in what you love (passion), what the world needs (purpose), what are you good at (vocation) and for what do you get money (profession). The methodology of the discipline “Compositional modeling” in solving the problems of critical regionalism of modern architecture is considered on the example of the theme “Russian architecture from antiquity to the Middle Ages”
Improvement issues of architectural solutions of buildings and structures for botanical gardens in context of green economical aims
Authors: Vavilova T Ya
Published: December 2019

In Russia, the ways of increasing the socio-economic role of natural protected areas actively investigated. The main directions of improvement of their infrastructure are considered. They relate to the following tasks of the “green” economy: preventing the loss of natural capital, improving the quality of life, resource conservation, ecotourism development, etc. In the course of work, Russian and foreign approaches to building design and to the improvement of sites of institutions for natural protected areas were studied. By the botanical gardens examples, the possibilities of increasing the scientific and consumer properties of the territories researched. Recommendations for the formation of a diversified nomenclature of visitor centers are given. The author draws a conclusion about the need to develop representative technical standards and regulations for urban planning and architectural design for the main categories of natural protected areas.
Territorial transformations of urbanized systems
Authors: Rastyapina O
Published: December 2019

Efficiency of development of the city is defined by economic, ecological and social parameters. In the course of urbanization the city develops in all specified parameters. In the course of an urbanization there is a development of the environment in noted indicators that causes the necessity of territorial transformation of the environment. One of stages of urbanization is formation of urban agglomerations, and respectively transformation of the urbanized space. Forming district settlements by the principles of the ecovillage of similar settlements within urban agglomerations will promote formation of the new “smart” town-planning environment, development of agricultural activity, formation of the new housing stock meeting the modern requirements. At the same time there will be no need for carrying out global reconstructive and modernization works within the existing urbanized environment. Design of settlements within urban agglomeration taking into account distinctive features of the ecovillages created now will allow making the effective urbanized environment both from the point of view of economy, and in the town-planning relation.
Quantitative assessment of infrastructure facilities availability in biosphere-compatible city functions implementation
Authors: Bakaeva N V , Chernyaeva I V
Published: December 2019

The concept of infrastructure facilities availability for population within the implementation of biosphere-compatible city functions is defined. The classification of city functions availability on the basis of territorial, time-dependent and individual characteristics is presented. The algorithm for the assessment of infrastructure facilities availability by means of comparing actual and specified indices is provided in the article. The quantitative implementation of the developed method using the example of one of the residential areas of the city of Orel is provided. The proposed method for the assessment of infrastructure facilities availability enables analyzing the state of the area and the viability of urban development solutions and feasibility of area redevelopment. The quantitative distribution of the integrated index of availability of infrastructure facilities and further assessment of the implementability of functions of a biosphere-compatible city enables studying urban development design solutions and innovation of urban development encouraging proper human development and increasing human potential.
Permitted use of land plots as most important legal characteristic of real estate unit
Authors: Voronina M D
Published: December 2019

One of the fundamental principles of the Land Law is in a certain classification of lands into categories according to their target use. This classification allows determining legal regime of the lands, based on their belonging to a certain category and their permitted use in accordance with the territorial zoning and with determined legislative requirements. The goal of this principle is to use a land plot strictly in accordance with its permitted use. Neglecting the permitted use of a land plot leads to breaking the law and might consequentially lead to expropriation of a capital construction object; this is one side of this aspect. Another one is in violation of the principle of urban development, according to which construction of objects is carried out on the basis of land-use planning documents, land use and development rules, and documents on land planning.
Increasing habitat sustainability in residential areas of the first mass series
Authors: Korniyenko S V , Kozlova O P , Astafurova T N
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this article is finding ways of increasing habitat sustainability in residential areas of the first mass series. According to the results of carried out studies on the basis of calculated assessment of habitat sustainability of residential development with 5-storey brick buildings of mass series 1-447 in the city of Volgograd, the following main conclusions are formulated. Before increase in habitat sustainability, residential buildings in the construction area have class E (S-factor is equal to 209 points). After increase in habitat sustainability, a grade is expected to rise to level C (S-factor is 341 points). Systematization and synthesis of data on “green” construction allow outlining principal ways of improving habitat sustainability of residential development and preserve the quality of environment for future generations.
Concept of innovation center in Voronezh region, taking into account principles of “Smart region”
Authors: Vorob’eva Y A , Kuripta O V , Burak E E
Published: December 2019

The article substantiates the need for the creation and development of an innovation cluster in the Voronezh region. The results of the analysis of the implementation of the “smart city” technologies in various regions of Russia are presented. The main directions in creating an innovation center in the region are highlighted. Considered the necessary measures for inclusion in the project on the digitization of urban sectors for the new territory. The work provides for the division of the projected area into several functional areas: residential area, social infrastructure, recreation area, technopolis, cultural policy and business area with relevant needs for innovative and high-tech infrastructure. The work provides for integrated planning of development and use of the territory in accordance with the concept of “smart city”. The expected effects and results from the development of the innovation cluster in the region are given.
Protection of pedestrian zones and residential areas from vehicle emissions by trees and shrubbery planting technique
Authors: Sidorenko V F , Balakin V V , Antyufeyev A V
Published: December 2019

The article describes the results of in-situ observations and physical model experiments for dispersion of automobile exhaust pollutants by planted areas in urban streets and roads. Structure and composition of protective planting is defined for better dispersion of car emissions. In the “road-shelterbelt-building” system, if the belt height is about half the height of the building, the most effective dilution of pollutants along the building façades and at the pedestrian ways is observed. As the belt height approaches the height of the buildings, the air in yards of the buildings is still cleaner because of the longer way the pollutants have to travel, but then they accumulate within the street space. The shelterbelts for the densely built-up stretches of heavy-traffic streets should be of permeable structure to prevent pockets of stationary air; this ensures the necessary air interchange at the pedestrian ways and also more even pollutant dispersion at the building façades. Guidelines are provided for linear and strip protective/decorative plantation structuring for bringing the environmental discomfort factors in residential areas down to the environmental standards.
Development of Sanjianlianglang in Guangzhou (China) in late the 19th – the first half of the 20th century by example of county-level city Kaiping
Authors: Kim A A
Published: December 2019

The article considers the evolvement of the main type of non-urban area development in the Guangdong province that is sanjianlianglang in the period of active Europeanization of traditional Chinese architecture. The process of transformation is considered on the example of buildings of the city county-level city Kaiping. The town-planning structure of the settlements built on this type of constructions is studied. The layout structure and the principle of construction of the spatial composition are analyzed. Moreover, its evolution and transformation that gave the possibility to classify different types of sanjianlianglang are studied. The characteristic features of both traditional and eclectic buildings, as well as buildings of the transition period, that links sanjianlianglang and luju, are highlighted. The study revealed the features of these constructions, which formed the basis of the space-planning structure of residential buildings in rural areas of the region. Among those the features of functional zoning, as well as the use of traditional elements such as tianjing (illuminated well) and the altar of ancestors are emphasized.
Planning territory as control element city development
Authors: Korosteleva M V , Korosteleva N V
Published: December 2019

Since January 1, 2017 the new definition - activities for complex and sustainable development of the territory was published in the Town-planning code of the Russian Federation. The authors consider features of preparation of documentation on planning of the territory which is carried out for ensuring its sustainable development, including for allocation of the elements of planning structure and also establishment of borders of the land plots and establishment of borders of zones of the planned seating in this territory of capital construction projects. In the paper the problems arising in process are allocated documents preparation on planning the territory of city districts.
Linear cities: controversies, challenges and prospects
Authors: Antyufeev A V , Antyufeeva O A
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to the study of linear planning structures; identify characteristics and problems of “linear city”. The authors presented developed systematization and classification concepts of linear planning structures. The features of the development of linear cities are disclosed on the basis of the analysis of the practice and theoretical concepts of the linear city, as well as the example of the formation of the city of Stalingrad-Volgograd. This city has a linear urban structure, unique in world practice. Volgograd stretched along the Volga River for almost 100 kilometers, reaching 10-5 kilometers in width in cross section. The authors reveal the pros and cons of the linear planning development of the city. In conclusion, the trends of complication of the planning development of Volgograd are determined.
Modern approaches to preservation and development of historical objects of culture
Authors: Teleshova N A
Published: December 2019

Architecture is always a memory tool. Connection between architecture and history is one of the necessary aspects of social existence and professional comprehension of the art of building. Each epoch leaves its trace in architectural works of art. Development of equipment and technology changes internal space of outstanding architectural structures inevitably fast and sometimes affects their appearance as well. Natural and man-made disasters and wars cause multiple reconstructions, as a result of which the initial image of a building transforms, which makes it look more contemporary, understandable and attractive for people.

The first part of the article identifies the main principles of arrangement of additional functional spaces of developing objects of culture. Further on, museum and theatre complexes, on the basis of which an analysis of social, urban-planning and technology factors that influence their formation and aesthetic image is carried out, are researched. Results are summarized and conclusions are made.
“Brick style” in creative work of Russian Far East architects (the second half of the 19th - early 20th century)
Authors: Bazilevich M E
Published: December 2019

The article discusses the creative activities of the Far Eastern architects of the second half of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century, who worked in the wake of one of the rational architectural trends called a “brick” style, widespread at that time in central Russia and on its outskirts. A full-scale research and analysis of the objects of the creative heritage of Far Eastern architects, preserved in Blagoveshchensk, Vladivostok, Khabarovsk, Ussuriysk, Kamchatka peninsula and Sakhalin island were conducted in the course of the study. As a result, during the reviewing period the general patterns of “brick” architecture development in the region were established, as well as the distinctive features of the work of individual architects who worked in different cities of the Far East.
Comprehensive assessment of tourist potential of Babushkin Street in Irkutsk
Authors: Kulakov A I , Shishkanov V S
Published: December 2019

The aticle presents a comprehensive study of the tourist potential of historical Babushkin Street in Irkutsk. The research outcomes showed the possibilities to create a special tour route (a local walking trail within the study area) and the role of the street in the overall walking tour route along the historical centre of the city. The possibility of transforming Babushkin Street into the vehicle-free sector that is completely inaccessible to transport is analysed as well. Recommendations on the way of transforming the architectural space of the street, based on the findings of the research, are provided. The guidelines aim at improving the image of the street as a tourist attraction and developing its recreational zones.
Preservation of original appearance of Irkutsk
Authors: Kulakov A I , Ri A U
Published: December 2019

The article gives consideration to peculiarities and common factors of developing a three-dimensional structure of the city with due account for spatial development of the natural landscape and for historical heritage. The three-dimensional structure of the landscape presented through hierarchical relationships gives the opportunity to identify distinctive features that make the landscape different from the others. In addition, the three-dimensional structure allows specifying the least module of the landscape to preserve its visual characteristics. The generalized schematic diagram of the hierarchy of landscape spaces must be the tool to manage the development and preserve the original appearance of Irkutsk.
Biopositive materials and green technologies in low-rise architecture
Authors: Sheina T V , Gud’ I D
Published: December 2019

Nowadays high quality of life, rational nature management and reduction of negative impact on nature, become some of the leading directions of urban planning policy development in the world. Mass construction of low-rise eco-houses worldwide has been the most relevant. The use of biopositive materials provides great savings on labour costs. From 65 to 89% of the population in Western European and North American countries live in low-rise buildings. By 2020 low-rise construction in Russia will be around 70%, while there will be a transition to the integrated development of territories with its own infrastructure. The article discusses biopositive materials and low-cost renewable “green” technologies that are used in low-rise multi-functional architecture. It is shown that biopositive materials such as whole wood, reed, straw, soil, peat, and many others have a positive effect on human and the correlation of its biofield. Also, “green” technologies save energy and material resources throughout the entire life cycle of a building. The article looks at some of the low-cost renewable “green” technologies such as Rammed Earth, Rammed Clay, Earth Bags, Straw Bale constructions, Zonal discharge and others that increase the construction speed and the environmental quality of low-rise multifunctional building architecture.
Methodological aspect of landscape and ecological reconstruction of Green ring around Volgograd (Stalingrad)
Authors: Ivanova N V , Podkovyrov I Y , Sagomonyan V K
Published: December 2019

The research is intended for the model development of the external Green ring of the town forming the barrier from the negative natural and climatic phenomena with the purpose to ensure a comfortable sphere of the internal living space. The paper present new landscape decisions increasing the potential of the berry and fruit species assortment of the new species-varietal zoning. The authors analyze the history of forming the Green ring of Volgograd (Stalingrad) from the perspective of the urbanized forestry science. The main methods used in the research are: the method of system analysis; modeling and experimental design. The methodology is based on the modeling and designing plantings of the various functional purposes, taking into consideration the current trends in the urban science landscape design. The developed methodology of a new construction and reconstruction of the green ring can be used in the domestic and in the foreign design in the similar environmental conditions. The analysis of the experience of a green ring forming allowed one to re-evaluate the landscape and the ecological solutions in organizing a comfortable town environment. The experimental design was supported by the developed model of the Green ring of the town.
Method for multi-criteria evaluation of urban parks
Authors: Kasyanov V F , Silin R V
Published: December 2019

Urban parks have a positive impact on the environment of our cities and at the same time play an important social role by offering recreational opportunities for everyone. Urban parks provide comfortable environment for visitors to relax and exercise, evoke positive aesthetic emotions when contemplating picturesque landscapes, thus helping people build self-respect and develop pride in their city and uniting different social groups around the common goal of preserving green spaces. Urban park maintenance is an important part of the overall effort to ensure sustainable urban development. The aim of the study is to develop a method for multi-criteria evaluation of parks as a tool for monitoring and management of these objects.
Earth-sheltering effect on dwelling in cold climate: simulation-based and theoretical approaches
Authors: Berezin D V
Published: December 2019

A number of equal but variously submerged samples of a detached residential building are assessed with the intention to trace an impact of earth-sheltering on the building energy conservation ability under cold climatic conditions. Passive House Planning Package (PHPP) is used to carry out this. Additionally, an assessment of the building thermal comfort and profitability is performed when considering two contrasted samples of it – non-deepened and deepened as much as possible. The study results support the basic understanding of earth-sheltering expediency as a type of sustainable construction and show that maximal use of earth as an additional insulating layer provides 44.4% less heat requirements (compared with the non-deepened sample). Moreover, earth-sheltering measures are able to reduce a form factor impact on energy loss by 50%. Their cost, as the study reveals, can be compensated by means of investing the saved energy expenditures for less than 20 years. Lastly, earthen insulation assists to rise an operative temperature inside the building by 0.3oC.
Overheating in residential areas: role of reflected solar radiation
Authors: Berezin D V
Published: December 2019

A method to assess positions, time of appearance and intensity of reflected from façades solar radiation fields as a source of overheating near the buildings is graphically interpreted towards urban large-scale variously orientated residential blocks. The study indicates quantitative relationships between the buildings total area of walls as reflecting surfaces and a corresponding area of overheating caused by the reflections, with a focus on arcuate or bent buildings shapes. Although the assessment is performed for a particular morphology of residential buildings typical of Chelyabinsk city and taking into account its geographic latitude (56 North), the procedure is easily applied anywhere and the results might be useful during the process of choosing a site development options.
Comfortable environment: illusions and reality of “color gentrification”
Authors: Zheleznyak O Ye
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to study of polychromy as a specific means of gentrification, enhancing comfort and the status of the environment, which is determined by color multifunctionality, its belonging to “physical” world and the irrational connection of color with the universe elements. The relevance of the study is determined by the presence of environments that require gentrification, by large interest in color, by the inclusion of indicators of environmental quality and comfort in ideas about prestige, investment attractiveness. The paper discusses the specifics of the real color effect on human body; features of the color life of environment and man; formulated the main provisions of the work with color environment, including for gentrification and updating of the existing environment, creating comfortable urban and interior spaces. Experimental studies and design in Irkutsk show the importance of polychromy in real environmental ennoblement processes. Polychromy as an illusion or a real form of the environment quality improving and image modernizing are studied at the Institute. In general, “color gentrification” are a special form of increasing the comfort and prestige of environment through a color-change in the environment image and quality, corresponding to its psycho-energy, functional scenarios and figurative characteristics.
Union of land and water
Authors: Krasnopolskii A F
Published: December 2019

The author emphasizes the exceptional significance of interaction between the development and the water areas of the Neva delta to form the general look of St. Petersburg. He also analyzes the gradual development of methods for the reclamation and transformation of coastal areas. It is noted that the sophistication of the existing landscapes was ensured by the creative contribution of outstanding architects, huge amount of construction works and innumerable investments. The enormous popularity of the Spit of Vasilyevsky Island is also explained by the fact that a convenient observation platform was created here, which reveals ideally the merits of the panorama of the “main area of the Neva”. It is stated that, despite the damage suffered by the Neva delta waterway system in the second half of the 19th century, it retains an exceptional value. The circumstances that impede the full use of unique architectural and artistic resources are shown, and examples of solutions are presented that allow improving the contact of citizens and tourists with the historical landscapes of the center.
Energy-efficient solutions for buildings on thermal design basis
Authors: Apatenko T , Bezlyubchenko O
Published: December 2019

Buildings consume energy at different levels at every stage of life cycle. Approximately half of all nonrenewable resources (water, energy, and raw materials) the mankind consumes are used in construction. Modern human civilization depends on buildings and what they contain for its continued existence, and yet our planet cannot support the current level of resource consumption associated with them. This subject is relevant especially in the context of solving the issues of designing residential buildings, in particular on the basis of thermal design, which this article reveals in detail. The article describes methods of energy-efficient design of buildings. This paper justifies how energy-efficient principles and methods of building design can be incorporated into the proposed construction design and the benefits that can be used in building design.
Digital census of Upper Kama towns architectural and urban environment
Authors: Semina A E , Maximova S V
Published: December 2019

The paper presents the system and methodology of digital census documentation of architectural heritage, which was first time adapted and applied to the heritage of Upper Kama region. The results and cataloguing process for the historical cities of Usolye and Cherdyn are described. The main objective of the study is the structuring of information through the definition of morphology and architectural features of objects. The cataloguing idea is to describe all the architectural and urban environment elements in the historical cities Usolye and Cherdyn, and attach to the map layer-by-layer using geographic information systems. The catalogs rely on reality-based data collected using architectural survey methods. Heterogeneous information about objects is structured through a system of codes and summarized in a single database. The resulting system of digital documents designed to coherent store and simple search of information about the architecture are introduced in the article.
Citizens’ role in formation of urban environment design
Authors: Antonova N L , Grunt E V
Published: December 2019

The article considers citizens as a subject of forming the urban environment design. In the conditions of the city multi-functionality as a territorial entity, new requirements on the creation of urban spaces are imposed. The urban environment should meet the diversity of the population needs, while the city residents themselves become active participants in its planning and design. The primary data were collected using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. 385 citizens of Yekaterinburg were questioned on the basis of quota sampling in order to the study citizens’ opinions about the city of Yekaterinburg and to evaluate their role in the design of the urban environment. Semi-structured interviews (n=12) were organized for the citizens engaged in the city design on a regular basis. 94% of the respondents note the need to form a positive city image. 54% of the respondents believe that they are actors of urban planning. Yekaterinburg residents’ express high willingness to participate in the city design (71%) and 78% of the respondents believe that they can influence on the making decisions by administrative structures. Our respondents consider the following basic mechanisms for implementing their own vision of urban space: discussion in social networks and participation in public hearings.
Synergetics as heuristic background of modern architecture and urbanism
Authors: Kokarevich M N , Lankin V G , Voytsekhovskaya V Y
Published: December 2019

The article reveals the impact of synergetics and the evolutionary synergetic picture of the world on the architectural, urban intentions of the 20th and 21st centuries. The formation of architectural discourse is consistently shown, in which the leading place is occupied by figurative symbols, signs of a systematic (consistency), evolutionary systems, symbiosis, metabolism, self-organization, self-development, nonlinearity, dissipativity, or openness of the system, i.e. its ability to share information with the environment. The latter generates the rules of shaping in architecture, corresponding new architectural ideas, in particular, the many types of nonlinear architecture, where nonlinearity is read and embodied in different ways. These are both a surreal understanding of nonlinearity which creates a seemingly random, chaotic interweaving of lines, the possibility of infinite continuation of a building, and considering nonlinearity as the opposite of linearity, smoothness, straightness. Urban trends such as metabolism and symbiosis, synthesizing the mental unity of man and naturewith the basic ideas of synergetics, a synergistic picture of the world are approved.
Villa Gamberaia compositional features
Authors: Dormidontova V , Belkin A
Published: December 2019

The object of the study is Villa Gamberaia in Settignano. This Italian Renaissance villa was created during the 16th century, but its spatial structure differs from its contemporary compositions. In this work, the method of the compositional analysis is used. A complex of compositional techniques characteristic of the early Renaissance gardens has been revealed. These gardens were a vivid illustration of the worldview of humanism, which proclaimed nature as a beautiful, and man as a part of it and a supernatural being. In the garden space, this was achieved by such techniques as terraces organization along the horizontal contours of the relief, which provided a panoramic opening of the garden space to the surrounding landscape; parterre composition of terraces, within which people dominated; contrast of near and far plans. These features are revealed in the construction of the Villa Gamberaia space, which allows us to attribute its composition to the best examples of the early Renaissance.
Basic principles of “green” architecture in foreign realization experience
Authors: Merenkov A V , Akchurina N S , Matveeva T M
Published: December 2019

Recent years the interest in the questions of “green” architecture is growing increasingly visible throughout the world. The “green” architecture has become one of the most demanded areas of modern architecture as well as providing an incentive for the most various and multi directional research. At the present time architects and engineers face a challenge to effectively implement this trend’s opportunities in creating the architectural objects, in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. Based on analysis of the overseas experiences the article articulated and illustrated the basic principles that should be guided in order to achieve the greatest effect in the development of design and construction “green” objects.
Concept of organizing autonomous architectural objects as new paradigm of habitat
Authors: Saprykina N A
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to a relevant problem of determining ecological approaches to the formation of an autonomous architectural object as a new paradigm habitat. Introduction of ecological principles offers great promise for use in the architecture of research and development projects generating new ideas. This concept allows understanding the importance of and the need to find new trends in shaping the scope of architectural design. The purpose of the article is to identify the environmental formation techniques of architectural objects using autonomous energy supply. A leading approach to the study of this problem is based on the development of techniques for increasing energy efficiency of autonomous buildings with renewable energy. The study identifies innovative approaches to formation of autonomous architectural objects in the context of the preservation of the environment and energy saving. The materials can be useful to the theory and practice of forming the space habitat as they open completely new possibilities in architecture and construction.