bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Philippe Muray et les métamorphoses du loisir
Authors: Lamarre Mélanie
Published: May 2023

Nous nous intéressons à « La colonie distractionnaire », texte publié par Philippe Muray en mars 1992 dans le journal pamphlétaire L’Idiot international, à propos de l’ouverture d’Euro Disneyland. Dans ce texte satirique, l’essayiste fait du parc d’attractions un révélateur de la métamorphose de la société française sous l’effet de l’avènement de la société du loisir. Au-delà du constat économique, c’est tout l’imaginaire social contemporain qui se trouve interrogé, dans la réappropriation inventive et comique de la langue du jour. Désolant « non-lieu » faisant triompher le kitsch et un moralisme suspect, instrument d’un bonheur frelaté qui détruit les capacités critiques de l’être humain, Euro Disneyland opère aussi un transfert de sacralité autour de l’impératif du loisir et se présente comme une réinvention étrange de l’utopie entée sur l’idée de progrès. Nous proposons d’appliquer les propositions herméneutiques de Claude Duchet au genre de l’essai satirique, en étant attentive à la façon dont celui-ci reprend et transforme le vocabulaire de l’époque afin d’affronter les représentations collectives.
Qui utilise 10 % de son cerveau ?
Authors: Larivée Serge , Baribeau Jacinthe , Pflieger Jean-François
Published: May 2023

Ce texte examine la croyance largement répandue selon laquelle les humains n’utiliseraient que 10 % de leur cerveau. Le texte comprend quatre parties. Les deux premières parties évaluent l’ampleur du « mythe du 10 % » et en retracent les origines. La troisième partie montre que cette croyance n’est nullement justifiée en passant successivement en revue les connaissances concernant l’anatomie et la physiologie du cerveau, la plasticité cérébrale ainsi que des données sur l’évolution. La dernière partie évoque quelques raisons de la persistance du mythe du 10 %.
Experimental study on real-time measurement of single-event effects of 14 nm FinFET and 28 nm planar CMOS SRAMs based on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Zhang Zhan-Gang , Yang Shao-Hua , Lin Qian , Lei Zhi-Feng , Peng Chao , He Yu-Juan ,   China Electronic Product Reliability and Environmental Testing Research Institute, Guangzhou 511370, China,   Science and Technology on Reliability Physics and Application of Electronic Component Laboratory, Guangzhou 511370, China
Published: May 2023

Based on the Yangbajing International Cosmic Ray Observatory in Lhasa with an altitude of 4300 m, a long-term real-time experiment is carried out in order to measure the atmospheric radiation induced soft errors in 14 nm FinFET and 28 nm planar CMOS SRAM array. The underlying mechanisms are also revealed. Five boards are used in the test, four of which are equipped with 28-nm process devices, and one board is equipped with 14-nm process devices. After removing the unstable bad bits, the actual effective test capacity is 7.1 Gb. During the test, the on-board FPGA reads the stored contents of all the tested devices in real time, reports the error information (occurrence time, board number, column number, device number, error address, error data) and corrects the error. The duration of the test is 6651 h. A total of 56 single event upset (SEU) events are observed, they being 24 single bit upset (SBU) events and 32 Multiple Cell Upset (MCU) events. Based on previous results of 65-nm SRAM, the study finds that SER continues to decrease with the reduction of process size, but the proportion of MCU in 28-nm process devices (57%) exceeds SBU, which is a process “maximum point” of MCU sensitivity, and the maximum size of MCU is 16 bits. Although the Fin spacing of the 14-nm FinFET device is only about 35 nm, and the critical charge decreases to sub-fC, the introduction of the FinFET structure leads to the change of charge collection and the sensitive volume sharing mechanism , and the shallow trench isolation leads to the narrowing of the charge diffusion channel. On the other hand, the surface area of the sensitive volume decreases to 0.0024 μm2, resulting in a significant decrease in the soft error rate of both SBU and MCU in the 14-nm process.
When communication all changed
Authors: Dennehy John J
Published: May 2023

Between early challenges and lasting opportunities, a deaf virologist reflects on how the pandemic transformed his access to academic spaces.
Global analysis of Twitter communication in corporate social responsibility area: sustainability, climate change, and waste management
Authors: Kvasničková Stanislavská Lucie , Pilař Ladislav , Vogli Xhesilda , Hlavsa Tomas , Kuralová Kateřina , Feenstra Abby , Pilařová Lucie , Hartman Richard , Rosak-Szyrocka Joanna
Published: May 2023

Many people now consider social media to be an integral part of their daily routines, which has enabled companies to implement successful corporate social responsibility campaigns through these platforms. The direct interaction with stakeholders offered by social media helps companies to build understanding, trust, and their image. The aim of this study was to identify key topics and trends communicated in connection with corporate social responsibility on the Twitter social network from 2017 to 2022. Analysis of 520,638 tweets by 168,134 unique users identified a predominance of environment-related topics: Sustainability, Climate Change, and Waste management. However, Charity remains the largest single topic. Based on the trend analysis, the areas of ESG, Social Impact, and Charity were identified as growth areas in communication, while Green and Philanthropy, on the other hand, were identified as decreasing.
Kukri snakes Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826 of the Western Palearctic with the resurrection of Contia transcaspica Nikolsky, 1902 (Reptilia, Squamata, Colubridae)
Authors: Lee Justin L. , Yushchenko Platon V. , Milto Konstantin D. , Rajabizadeh Mahdi , Rastegar Pouyani Eskandar , Jablonski Daniel , Masroor Rafaqat , Karunarathna Suranjan , Mallik Ashok Kumar , Dsouza Princia , Orlov Nikolai , Nazarov Roman , Poyarkov Nikolay A.
Published: May 2023

The kukri snakes of the genus Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826 reach the westernmost limits of their distribution in Middle and Southwest Asia (Afghanistan, Iran, and Turkmenistan), and the Palearctic portions of Pakistan. In this article, we review the systematics and distribution of the two species native to this region, Oligodon arnensis (Shaw, 1802) and Oligodon taeniolatus (Jerdon, 1853) based on an integrative approach combining morphological, molecular, and species distribution modeling (SDM) data. Phylogenetic analyses recover O. taeniolatus populations from Iran and Turkmenistan in a clade with the O. arnensis species complex, rendering the former species paraphyletic relative to O. taeniolatus sensu stricto on the Indian subcontinent. To correct this, we resurrect the name Contia transcaspica Nikolsky, 1902 from the synonymy of O. taeniolatus and assign it to populations in Middle–Southwest Asia. So far, Oligodon transcaspicus comb. et stat. nov. is known only from the Köpet–Dag Mountain Range of northeast Iran and southern Turkmenistan, but SDM mapping suggests it may have a wider range. Genetic samples of O. “arnensis” from northern Pakistan are nested in a clade sister to the recently described Oligodon churahensis Mirza, Bhardwaj & Patel, 2021, and are phylogenetically separate from O. arnensis sensu stricto in south India and Sri Lanka. Based on morphological similarity, the Afghanistan and Pakistan populations are assigned to Oligodon russelius (Daudin, 1803) and we synonymize O. churahensis with this species. Our investigation leads us to remove O. taeniolatus from the snake fauna of Afghanistan, Iran, and Turkmenistan, with the consequence that only Oligodon transcaspicus comb. et stat. nov. and O. russelius are present in these countries. Additional studies are needed to resolve the taxonomy of the O. taeniolatus and O. arnensis species complexes on the Indian subcontinent, and an updated key for both groups is provided.
GC-MS-based untargeted metabolic profiling of malignant mesothelioma plasma
Authors: Wang Ding , Zhu Jing , Li Na , Lu Hongyang , Gao Yun , Zhuang Lei , Chen Zhongjian , Mao Weimin
Published: May 2023

Background

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a cancer caused mainly by asbestos exposure, and is aggressive and incurable. This study aimed to identify differential metabolites and metabolic pathways involved in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma.

Methods

By using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), this study examined the plasma metabolic profile of human malignant mesothelioma. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses and pathway analyses to identify differential metabolites, enriched metabolism pathways, and potential metabolic targets. The area under the receiver-operating curve (AUC) criterion was used to identify possible plasma biomarkers.

Results

Using samples from MM (n = 19) and healthy control (n = 22) participants, 20 metabolites were annotated. Seven metabolic pathways were disrupted, involving alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism; arginine and proline metabolism; butanoate and histidine metabolism; beta-alanine metabolism; and pentose phosphate metabolic pathway. The AUC was used to identify potential plasma biomarkers. Using a threshold of AUC = 0.9, five metabolites were identified, including xanthurenic acid, (s)-3,4-hydroxybutyric acid, D-arabinose, gluconic acid, and beta-d-glucopyranuronic acid.

Conclusions

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a plasma metabolomics analysis using GC-MS analyses of Asian MM patients. Our identification of these metabolic abnormalities is critical for identifying plasma biomarkers in patients with MM. However, additional research using a larger population is needed to validate our findings.
Occurrence of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) in Cocoa Beans with Various Main Geographical Origin of Côte d’Ivoire in the Climate Change Context
Authors: Houphouet Kouakou Richard , Tape Joëlle Stéphanie , Kouassi Kouadio Ignace , Yao Konan Mathurin , Kedjebo Kra Brou Dider , Mounjouenpou Pauline , Durand Noêl , Montet Didier , Guehi Tagro Simplice
Published: May 2023

Aims: Free fatty acids (FFA) result from hydrolysis of cocoa butter triacylglycerides due to various abiotic and biotic factors. The resurgence of high FFA contents above 1.75% in cocoa beans depended on Ivorian geographical origin. High FFA contents have become a serious quality problem because they induced serious consequences for some beneficial properties of cocoa butter and chocolate. This study investigated the improvement of quality of Ivorian cocoa beans by reducing their FFA contents.

Methodology: Samples: 240 cocoa beans batches were sampled from cocoa farmers of some big cocoa producing regions for their FFA contents analysis. Also, influence of primary post-harvest processing such as pod’s sanitary status, pod opening delay, fermentation duration and dry cocoa beans storage under various relative humidity (RH) ranged 80-90% on FFA’s formation of Ivorian cocoa beans was investigated. Data interpretations were performed according to the Fisher’s test.

Results: Main results showed that dry cocoa beans recorded FFA content varying from 0.99 to 14% in function of the geographical origin. Beside, 53% of tested cocoa bean samples exhibited FFA content up to 1.75%. Poor sanitary status of pods and 7-days fermented cocoa beans recorded FFA content above 1.75%. Dry cocoa beans stored at RH above 85% promoted more the FFA’s formation (14%) than those stored under lower RH values. 53% of tested cocoa beans samples presented FFA contents up to 1.75%. Controlled primary post-harvest processing highlighted that poor sanitary status of pods, 7-days fermentation and storage of dry cocoa beans at RH above 85% lead to FFA content above 1.75%.

Conclusion: So, in order to produce fermented and dried cocoa beans containing a suitable FFA content in the context of climate change, mitigation strategies need to integrate good crop conditions regarding postharvest processing and to improve beneficial ones.
ChatGPT and Physicians’ Malpractice Risk
Authors: Mello Michelle M. , Guha Neel
Published: May 2023

This JAMA Forum discusses the possibilities, limitations, and risks of physician use of large language models (such as ChatGPT) along with the improvements required to improve the accuracy of the technology.
Comparison of Anti–Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Therapy Combinations vs Sunitinib for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Maiorano Brigida Anna , Ciardiello Davide , Maiello Evaristo , Roviello Giandomenico
Published: May 2023

This meta-analysis of 3 randomized clinical trials evaluates the association of combined anti–PD-L1 agents with survival and response rate among patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Subconjunctival Thelazia in a Chinese Woman Aged 49 Years
Authors: Tong Luyao , Zhang Zongduan
Published: May 2023

This case report describes a diagnosis of subconjunctival Thelazia callipaeda in a 49-year-old Chinese woman who presented with pruritis and a crawling sensation of the left eye for 1 week.
Double Optic Disc Pit With Retinal Pigmentation in a Woman With High Myopia
Authors: Xu Zhiyan , Yang Zhikun
Published: May 2023

This case report discusses a diagnosis of 2 optic disc pits in an otherwise asymptomatic woman with high myopia.
Real‐Time Micromotor Probe for Immune Neutrophil Activation State
Authors: Fu Dongmei , Jiang Jiamiao , Fu Shaoming , Xie Dazhi , Gao Chao , Feng Ye , Liu Suyi , Ye Yicheng , Liu Lu , Tu Yingfeng , Peng Fei
Published: May 2023

Neutrophil activation is a hallmark of the immune response. Approaches to identify neutrophil activation in real time are necessary but are still lacking. In this study, magnetic Spirulina micromotors are used as label‐free probes that exhibit differences in motility under different neutrophil activation states. This is correlated with different secretions into the extracellular environment by activated/non‐activated cells and local environmental viscoelasticity. The micromotor platform can bypass non‐activated immune cells while being stopped by activated cells. Thus, the micromotors can serve as label‐free biomechanical probes of the immune cell state. They can detect the activation state of target immune cells in real time and with single‐cell precision, which provides new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases while deepening understanding of the biomechanics of activated immune cells.
Stimulus‐Detonated Biomimetic “Nanobomb” with Controlled Release of HSP90 Inhibitor to Disrupt Mitochondrial Function for Synergistic Gas and Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Yang Geng , Song Ting , Zhang Hanxi , Li Mengyue , Wei Xiaodan , Zhou Wanyi , Wu Chunhui , Liu Yiyao , Yang Hong
Published: May 2023

Photothermal therapy (PTT) is considered a promising treatment for tumors; however, its efficacy is restricted by heat shock proteins (HSPs). Herein, a stimuli‐responsive theranostic nanoplatform (M/D@P/E‐P) is designed for synergistic gas therapy and PTT. This nanoplatform is fabricated by a load of manganese carbonyl (MnCO, CO donor) in dendritic mesoporous silicon (DMS), followed by the coating with polydopamine (PDA) and loading of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG, HSP90 inhibitor). Upon near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation, the photothermal effect of PDA can kill tumor cells and allow for the controlled drug release of MnCO and EGCG. Moreover, the acidity and H2O2‐rich tumor microenvironment enable the decomposition of the released MnCO, accompanied by the production of CO. CO‐initiated gas therapy can realize to disrupt the mitochondrial function, which will accelerate cell apoptosis and down‐regulate HSP90 expression by decreasing intracellular ATP. The combination of EGCG and MnCO can significantly minimize the thermo‐resistance of tumors and improve PTT sensitivity. In addition, the released Mn2+ enables T1‐weighted magnetic imaging of tumors. The therapeutic efficacy of the nanoplatform is methodically appraised and validated both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, this study affords a prime paradigm for applying this strategy for enhanced PTT via mitochondrial dysfunction.
Temperature‐Triggered Adhesive Bioelectric Electrodes with Long‐Term Dynamic Stability and Reusability
Authors: Lai Huiting , Liu Yan , Cheng Yin , Shi Liangjing , Wang Ranran , Sun Jing
Published: May 2023

Bioelectric electrodes with low modulus and high adhesion have been intensively pursued, as they afford conformal and strong bonding at skin‐electrode interface to improve the fidelity and stability of electrophysiological signals. However, during detachment, tough adhesion can cause pain or skin allergy; worse still, the soft electrodes can suffer damage due to excessive stretch/torsion, hampering long‐term, dynamic, and multiple uses. Herein, a bioelectric electrode is proposed by transferring silver nanowires (AgNWs) network to the surface of bistable adhesive polymer (BAP). The phase transition temperature of BAP is tuned to be slightly below skin temperature at 30 °C. Triggered by skin heat, the BAP electrode achieves low modulus and high adhesion within seconds, allowing robust skin‐electrode interface under dry, wet, and body‐moving conditions. Ice bag treatment can dramatically stiffen the electrode and reduce the adhesion, which allows painless detachment and avoids electrode damage. Meanwhile, the AgNWs network with biaxial wrinkled microstructure remarkably promotes the electro‐mechanical stability of the BAP electrode. The BAP electrode successfully combines long‐term (7 days) and dynamic (body movements, sweat, underwater) stability, reusability (at least ten times), and minimized skin irritation during electrophysiological monitoring. The high signal‐to‐noise ratio and dynamic stability are demonstrated in the application of piano‐playing training.
Synthesis and properties of deformable porous polymeric particle for oil‐based drilling fluids
Authors: Zhou Yan , Pu Xiaolin , Liu Lu , Wang Lei
Published: May 2023

The conventional filtration loss reducers, which help reduce the invasion into the formation, often make the rheology of the oil‐based drilling fluid difficult to control. In this paper, the new type of porous deformable polymeric particle was synthesized as filtration loss reducer (FLR), through dispersion polymerization using acrylamide and stearyl methacrylate. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimeter, thermogravimetric analysis, contact angle apparatus, nitrogen adsorption/desorption techniques and scanning electron microscope have been carried out to confirm the chemical structure of the FLR. The results illustrated that FLR is a hydrophobic porous solid particle with deformability. The oil‐based drilling fluid loaded with FLR retains high temperature resistance up to 180°C and the density of 2.2 g/cm3. The FLR help reduced the filtration loss to 3.2 mL, smaller than their counterparts, and synthesized FLR has small impact on the rheology of drilling fluids.
Personality expression in cartoon animal characters using Sasang typology
Authors: Mailee Hamila , Sonlu Sinan , Güdükbay Uğur
Published: May 2023

The movement style is an adequate descriptor of different personalities. While many studies investigate the relationship between apparent personality and high‐level motion qualities in humans, similar research for animal characters still needs to be done. The variety in animals' skeletal configurations and texture complicates their pose estimation process. Our affect analysis framework includes a workflow for pose extraction in animal characters and a parameterization of the high‐level animal motion descriptors inspired by Laban movement analysis. Using a data set of quadruped walk cycles, we prove the display of typologies in cartoon animal characters, reporting the point‐biserial correlation between our motion parameters and the Sasang categories that reflect different personalities.
Enhancing the Electrochemical Performance of Aqueous Processed Li‐Ion Cathodes with Silicon Oxide Coatings
Authors: Sharma Jaswinder , Polizos Georgios , Dixit Marm , J. Jafta Charl , Cullen David A. , Bai Yaocai , Lyu Xiang , Li Jianlin , Belharouak Ilias
Published: May 2023

Lithium‐ion battery cathode materials suffer from bulk and interfacial degradation issues, which negatively affect their electrochemical performance. Oxide coatings can mitigate some of these problems and improve electrochemical performance. However, current coating strategies have low throughput, are expensive, and have limited applicability. In this article, we describe a low‐cost and scalable strategy for applying oxide coatings on cathode materials. We report synergistic effects of these oxide coatings on the performance of aqueously processed cathodes in cells. The SiO2 coating strategy developed herein improved mechanical, chemical, and electrochemical performance of aqueously processed Ni‐, Mn‐ and Co‐based cathodes. This strategy can be used on a variety of cathodes to improve the performance of aqueously processed Li‐ion cells.
Finding food in a changing world: Small‐scale foraging habitat preferences of an insectivorous passerine in the Alps
Authors: Müller Thomas M. , Meier Christoph M. , Knaus Florian , Korner Pius , Helm Barbara , Amrhein Valentin , Rime Yann
Published: May 2023

Organisms living in high‐elevation habitats are usually habitat specialists who occupy a narrow ecological niche. To envision the response of alpine species to a changing environment, it is fundamental to understand their habitat preferences on multiple spatial and temporal scales. However, information on small‐scale habitat use is still widely lacking. We investigated the foraging habitat preferences of the migratory northern wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe during the entire presence at a breeding site in the central Alps. We repeatedly observed 121 adult and juvenile individuals. We applied Bayesian logistic regression models to investigate which habitat characteristics influenced foraging habitat selection on a fine spatial scale, and how habitat use varied temporally. Throughout their presence on the breeding grounds, northern wheatears showed a consistent preference for a mosaic of stones and bare ground patches with slow‐growing, short vegetation. The proximity of marmot burrows was preferred, whereas dense and low woody vegetation was avoided. After arrival at the breeding site, short vegetation, preferably close to the snow, was favored. The preference for open habitat patches that provide access to prey underlines the critical role of small‐scale habitat heterogeneity for northern wheatears. The strong and consistent preference for a habitat that is under pressure from land‐use and climate change suggests that this alpine bird species may be sensitive to habitat loss, leading to a potential range contraction. We highlight the need to conserve habitat diversity on a small spatial scale to ensure the long‐term availability of suitable habitat for northern wheatears in the Alps.
A comparison of paired‐ and multiple‐stimulus‐without‐replacement preference assessments to identify reinforcers for dog behavior
Authors: Payne Steven W. , Fulgencio Cintya Toledo , Aniga Reynafe N.
Published: May 2023

Dogs may be relinquished to shelters and are unlikely to be adopted if they engage in problem behavior. A successful way to eliminate problem behavior is through training techniques based on behavioral principles. Obedience training with the use of positive reinforcement has been successful in treating problematic behavior by dogs. In order for this method to work, it is essential that the stimuli selected function as reinforcers. Preference assessments can be used to identify these potential reinforcers. A preference assessment is a systematic method used to identify stimuli that may serve as possible reinforcers by yielding preference hierarchies. Although preference and reinforcer assessments have been successfully used with humans, research with nonhuman animals is limited. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to compare the efficacy and efficiency of paired‐stimulus preference assessment with a multiple‐stimulus preference assessment. The results suggested that the results of both preference assessments corresponded with reinforcer assessments but that the paired‐stimulus method was the most efficient.
The Core Competencies in Hospital Medicine—Clinical Conditions 2023 Update Methodology
Authors: Nichani Satyen , Brooks Megan , Fitterman Nick , Lukela Michael , Marzano Nick , Sopko Kelly , Sweigart Joseph
Published: May 2023

As hospital medicine continues to evolve, the Society of Hospital Medicine (SHM) recognizes the importance of periodic re‐evaluation and adaptation of The Core Competencies in Hospital Medicine to reflect and guide the continual expansion of hospitalists' scope of practice. Since its first publication in 2006, the Core Competencies were last revised in 2017 to reflect existing practice. The Core Competencies were initially developed to describe hospitalists' roles and expectations and identify growth opportunities. As hospital medicine has expanded, SHM seeks to maintain the Core Competencies as a framework to guide curricular development, enhance practice assessment, improve the quality of care, and cultivate systems‐based practices. Additionally, it helps elucidate the clinical and systems‐based aspects central to the field. Thus, the new chapters in the 2023 clinical conditions update focus on enhancing individual hospitalist practice in evaluating and managing common clinical conditions. The accompanying article describes the chapter review and revision process and the criteria for new chapter selection.
Reduction of nitrogen losses in agriculture by fertilizer additives: Appeal for more detailed scientific work—Comments on Guo et al. “Efficacy of four nitrification inhibitors for the mitigation of nitrous oxide emissions under different soil temperature and moisture,” Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science (2022), 185(1), 60–68
Authors: Pasda Gregor , Schuster Carola , Westfalia Moran Puente Diana , Wissemeier Alexander , Wendt Thorsten
Published: May 2023

In Guo et al. (2022), the difference between pure nitrification inhibitors (NI), fertilizers treated with NI, and formulations containing NI was insufficiently considered. Presented results are misleading and inappropriate to evaluate the efficiency of an NI application by pure NI as well as NI‐treated products such as ENTEC® 26 and PIADIN®, in particular with respect to practical field conditions.
CATAIN: An underwater camera system for studying settlement in fouling communities at high temporal resolution
Authors: Meyer‐Kaiser Kirstin S. , Schrage Kharis R. , Suman Stefano , Bailey John , Girdhar Yogesh
Published: May 2023

At present, studies on settlement in marine fouling communities are limited to easily accessible habitats that can be monitored on a daily basis. There are large knowledge gaps regarding settlement patterns on sub‐daily temporal scales and in remote areas. In order to fill these knowledge gaps, we have designed an underwater camera system named CATAIN—CAmera To Analyze INvertebrates—and have compared our approach to standard methods. The key innovation of CATAIN is that the acrylic endcap of the housing serves as the fouling panel itself, with organisms being photographed through the transparent endcap from the underside. This set‐up circumvents the common problem of biofouling on camera housings. Using this system, researchers can record high‐resolution images of sessile benthic invertebrates and macroalgae at time intervals ranging from just a few minutes to several days and for months to a year at a time. CATAIN enables studies on temporal patterns in settlement, postsettlement mortality, growth, and other ecological parameters with no human intervention. This system expands sampling possibilities in remote environments where it is impractical for a researcher to be present every day.
Factors affecting obstructive sleep apnea severity depending on craniofacial morphological type
Authors: Himejima Akio , Okuno Kentaro , Masago Ayako , Iseki Tomio
Published: May 2023

Aim

As the craniofacial morphology has major effects on the occurrence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in Asians, factors contributing to the severity of OSA may differ depending on craniofacial characteristics. This study investigated factors affecting OSA severity in patients according to craniofacial morphological type.

Methods

Study participants comprised 227 men examined following a diagnosis of OSA between May 2017 and October 2021. We examined cephalometric X‐rays and results of polysomnography on presentation, and classified the craniofacial morphological type of the participant as “long face type” (Group L) for facial axis (Fx) angle <86° or as “short face type” (Group S) for Fx angle ≥86°. We conducted stepwise binomial logistic regression analysis with apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 15 events/h or AHI < 15 events/h as the dependent variable and age, body mass index (BMI), and the cephalometric parameters SNA, SNB, Fx, PNS‐P, MPT, MP‐H, SPAS, MAS, and IAS as independent variables.

Results

BMI and PNS‐P in Group S and BMI and MP‐H in Group L were identified as independent predictors of AHI ≥ 15 events/h.

Conclusions

Factors affecting severity of OSA differ by craniofacial morphological type, with factors of obesity and hyoid bone position for long face‐type patients and obesity and soft palate length for short face‐type patients. Optimal treatment requires consideration of craniofacial morphology and establishment of treatment policies that take causative factors into account.
Rapid recognition and targeted isolation of potential anti‐breast cancer xanthones in Hypericum bellum Li by “seed” mass spectra‐based molecular networking and in silico MS/MS fragmentation
Authors: Sun Hong‐bing , Song Rui , Xia Bing , Xiao Quan‐wei , Gu Yu‐cheng , Zhou Yan
Published: May 2023

Instruction

Hypericum bellum Li is rich in xanthones with various bioactivities, especially in anti‐breast cancer. While the scarcity of mass spectral data of xanthones in Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) libraries have challenged the rapid recognition of xanthones with similar structures.

Objective

This study is aimed to enhance the molecular networking (MN)‐based dereplication and visualisation ability of potential anti‐breast cancer xanthones from H. bellum to overcome the scarcity of xanthones mass spectral data in GNPS libraries. Separating and purifying the MN‐screening bioactive xanthones to verify the practicality and accuracy of this rapid recognition strategy.

Methodology

A combined strategy of “seed” mass spectra‐based MN, in silico annotation tools, substructure identification tools, reverse molecular docking, ADMET screening, molecular dynamics (MDs) simulation experiments, and an MN‐oriented separation procedure was first introduced to facilitate the rapid recognition and targeted isolation of potential anti‐breast cancer xanthones in H. bellum.

Results

A total of 41 xanthones could only be tentatively identified. Among them, eight xanthones were screened to have potential anti‐breast cancer activities, and six xanthones that were initially reported in H. bellum were obtained and verified to have good binding abilities with their paired targets.

Conclusion

This is a successful case study that validated the application of “seed” mass spectral data could overcome the drawbacks of GNPS libraries with limited mass spectra and enhance the accuracy and visualisation of natural products (NPs) dereplication, and this rapid recognition and targeted isolation strategy can be also applicable for other types of NPs.
Synthesis of styrene butadiene copolymer via novel nanoemulsion based system
Authors: Dhanorkar Ritesh J. , Mohanty Subhra , Misra Ashok , Gupta Virendra Kumar
Published: May 2023

Nanoemulsion polymerization is a novel process for the synthesis of specialty‐purpose latexes. In this work, styrene and 1,4‐butadiene polymerization are demonstrated through a nanoemulsion‐based process. Conventional emulsifiers like rosin soap and fatty soaps are used to prepare base emulsions having 2–10 nm particle size through the sonication process. The high surface area and higher number of micelles allow superior mixing of monomers and initiators leading to more efficient and rapid reaction. Additionally, the use of nanoemulsion improves the efficiency and quality of emulsion with higher productivity. These latexes have unique high molecular weight polymers with smaller particle size which is the most desirable criterion for coating applications. Finally, nanoemulsion‐based polymer is compared with conventional macroemulsion‐based product.
Coprecipitation‐based synchronous chlorantraniliprole encapsulation with chitosan: carrier–pesticide interactions and release behavior
Authors: Wang Meng , Kong Xiang‐Ping , Li Hongchun , Ge Jia‐Cheng , Han Xian‐Zheng , Liu Jun‐Hao , Yu Shu‐Lan , Li Weina , Li Ding‐Li , Wang Juan
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

Controlled‐release pesticide formulations have emerged as a promising approach towards sustainable pest control. Herein, an environment‐friendly formulation of insecticide chlorantraniliprole (CAP) was fabricated through a simple approach of coprecipitation‐based synchronous encapsulation by chitosan (CTS), with carrier–pesticide interaction mechanism and release behavior investigated.

RESULTS

The resulting CAP/CTS controlled‐release formulation (CCF) showed a good loading content of 28.1% and a high encapsulation efficiency of 75.6%. Instrument determination in combination with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations displayed that the primary interactions between CAP and CTS were physical adsorption and complicated hydrogen (H)‐bonds, which formed dominantly between NH in amides [or nitrogen (N) in ring structures] of CAP and hydroxyl (or amino) groups of CTS, as well as oxygen (O) in CAP with hydrogen in CTS or H2O molecules. The in vitro release tests exhibited obvious pH/temperature sensitivity, with release dynamics following the first‐order or Ritger–Peppas model. As the temperature increased, the CAP release process of the Ritger–Peppas model changed from Case‐II to anomalous transport, and ultimately to a Fickian diffusion mechanism. The control effect against Plutella xylostella larvae also was evaluated by toxicity tests, where comparable efficacy of CCF to the commercial suspension concentrate was obtained.

CONCLUSION

The innovative, easy‐to‐prepare CCF can be used as a formulation with obvious pH/temperature sensitivity and good efficacy on target pests. This work contributes to the development of efficient and safe pesticide delivery systems, especially using the natural polymer materials as carriers. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Exploring Conductance Quantization Effects in Electroformed Filaments for Their Potential Application to a Resistance Standard
Authors: Suñé Jordi , Aguirre Fernando , Bargalló González Mireia , Campabadal Francesca , Miranda Enrique
Published: May 2023

The ballistic conduction through narrow constrictions connecting charge reservoirs exhibits conductance quantization effects. Since the quantum of conductance is only related to fundamental constants of nature, these effects might allow the implementation of a standard of resistance, fulfilling the requirements of the 2019 revised International System of Units. Moreover, this standard would be able to work at room temperature and without a magnetic field, thus allowing its on‐chip implementation. In this work, the authors propose that breakdown filaments in thin oxide layers might be useful to this purpose. In particular, conductance quantization effects in nanolaminate Al2O3/HfO2 dielectrics are reported and the role of intrinsic values of conductance and extrinsic parasitic elements are analyzed. The fact that breakdown filaments are irreversible is an advantage due to their expected stability and to the lack of cycle‐to‐cycle variations (as compared to resistive switching devices). Although the reported sample‐to‐sample variations are still too large for a real application, there is room for improving the controlover breakdown filaments through material design and electroforming conditions. Provided that this control is achieved, an on‐chip implementation of a resistance standard for the realization of self‐calibrating electrical systems and equipment with zero‐chain traceability would be possible.
Community‐centred approach for assessing social sustainability in mining regions: A case study of Chingola district, Zambia
Authors: Kourouma Jean Moussa , Monde Concillia , Phiri Darius , Syampungani Stephen
Published: May 2023

Social sustainability has received the least attention among the three‐pillars of sustainable development in the mining regions of Africa. However, with the rapid population growth globally, social sustainability assessment using clearly defined indicators is becoming essential to ensuring urban sustainability, specifically in mining regions. This study assessed the contribution of the mining industry to the social sustainability of the Chingola district in terms of cumulative impacts and the extent to which CSR initiatives have contributed to a social sustainability profile. Mixed methods including in‐depth key informant interviews guide and observation were used to collect data on social sustainability. The data were collected from 10 out of the 28 wards of Chingola, selected using a systematic random sampling. A total of 500 households of which 49 households (with a sampling unit of 10) and 10 key informants' stakeholders were purposively selected. Aggregation and normalization techniques were used to construct the composite indicators depicting the strength of each indicator. The social sustainability of the Chingola district based on the calculated composite indicators varies from weak‐to‐moderate sustainability. The proposed indicators could serve local government and mining companies, redirect development schemes, re‐strategize the stakeholders' involvement, and support corporate governance.
ChatGPT use could change views on academic misconduct
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: May 2023

CLEARWATER, FLORIDA — Student and faculty use of ChatGPT has quickly become one of the most hotly debated controversies in higher education. As detractors resist the free, online text‐generating tool like the plague and others delight in its exciting possibilities, ChatGPT is taking the world by storm, threatening to upend longstanding concepts of plagiarism, authorship, ownership, and learning, according to intellectual property expert Jacob Rooksby, J.D., Ph.D., Professor and Dean of the Gonzaga University School of Law, and IP Optimization Strategist with FIG. 1 Patents, PLLC. He spoke at Stetson University's annual National Conference on Law and Higher Education.
Refining the GENEVA method for Higgs boson production via gluon fusion
Authors: Alioli Simone , Billis Georgios , Broggio Alessandro , Gavardi Alessandro , Kallweit Stefan , Lim Matthew A. , Marinelli Giulia , Nagar Riccardo , Napoletano Davide
Published: May 2023

Abstract

We describe a number of improvements to the Geneva method for matching NNLO calculations to parton shower programs. In particular, we detail changes to the resummed calculation used in the matching procedure, including disentangling the cross section dependence on factorisation and beam scales, and an improved treatment of timelike logarithms. We also discuss modifications in the implementation of the splitting functions which serve to make the resummed calculation differential in the higher multiplicity phase space. These changes improve the stability of the numerical cancellation of the nonsingular term at small values of the resolution parameter. As a case study, we consider the gluon-initiated Higgs boson production process gg → H. We validate the NNLO accuracy of our predictions against independent calculations, and compare our showered and hadronised results with recent data taken at the ATLAS and CMS experiments in the diphoton decay channel, finding good agreement.
Rotating black holes with Nil or SL(2, ℝ) horizons
Authors: Faedo Federico , Klemm Silke , Mariotti Pietro
Published: May 2023

Abstract

We construct rotating black holes in N = 2, D = 5 minimal and matter- coupled gauged supergravity, with horizons that are homogeneous but not isotropic. Such spaces belong to the eight Thurston model geometries, out of which we consider the cases Nil and SL(2, ℝ). In the former, we use the recipe of [1] to directly rederive the solution that was obtained by Gutowski and Reall in [2] as a scaling limit from a spherical black hole. With the same techniques, the first example of a black hole with SL(2, ℝ) horizon is constructed, which is rotating and one quarter BPS. The physical properties of this solution are discussed, and it is shown that in the near-horizon limit it boils down to the geometry of [2], with a supersymmetry enhancement to one half. Dimensional reduction to D = 4 gives a new solution with hyperbolic horizon to the t3 model that carries both electric and magnetic charges. Moreover, we show how to get a nonextremal rotating Nil black hole by applying a certain scaling limit to Kerr-AdS5 with two equal rotation parameters, which consists in zooming onto the north pole of the S2 over which the S3 is fibered, while boosting the horizon velocity effectively to the speed of light.
Twisted indices, Bethe ideals and 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 infrared dualities
Authors: Closset Cyril , Khlaif Osama
Published: May 2023

Abstract

We study the topologically twisted index of 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supersymmetric gauge theories with unitary gauge groups. We implement a Gröbner basis algorithm for computing the Σg× S1 index explicitly and exactly in terms of the associated Bethe ideal, which is defined as the algebraic ideal associated with the Bethe equations of the corresponding 3d A-model. We then revisit recently discovered infrared dualities for unitary SQCD with gauge group U(Nc)k,k+lNc with l ≠ 0, namely the Nii duality that generalises the Giveon-Kutasov duality, the Amariti-Rota duality that generalises the Aharony duality, and their further generalisations in the case of arbitrary numbers of fundamental and antifundamental chiral multiplets. In particular, we determine all the flavour Chern-Simons contact terms needed to make these dualities work. This allows us to check that the twisted indices of dual theories match exactly. We also initiate the study of the Witten index of unitary SQCD with l ≠ 0.
Mathias and silver forcing parametrized by density
Authors: Laguzzi Giorgio , Mildenberger Heike , Stuber-Rousselle Brendan
Published: May 2023

We define and investigate versions of Silver and Mathias forcing with respect to lower and upper density. We focus on properness, Axiom A, chain conditions, preservation of cardinals and adding Cohen reals. We find rough forcings that collapse $$2^\omega $$

2
ω

to $$\omega $$
ω
, while others are surprisingly gentle. We also study connections between regularity properties induced by these parametrized forcing notions and the Baire property.
Persisting symptoms after Cryptosporidium hominis outbreak: a 10-year follow-up from Östersund, Sweden
Authors: Boks Marije , Lilja Mikael , Widerström Micael , Karling Pontus , Lindam Anna , Sjöström Malin
Published: May 2023

In late 2010, an outbreak of Cryptosporidium hominis affected 27,000 inhabitants (45%) of Östersund, Sweden. Previous research shows that abdomen and joint symptoms commonly persist up to 5 years post-infection. It is unknown whether Cryptosporidium is associated with sequelae for a longer duration, how persisting symptoms present over time, and whether sequelae are associated with prolonged infection. In this prospective cohort study, a randomly selected cohort in Östersund was surveyed about cryptosporidiosis symptoms in 2011 (response rate 69.2%). A case was defined as a respondent reporting new diarrhoea episodes during the outbreak. Follow-up questionnaires were sent after 5 and 10 years. Logistic regressions were used to examine associations between case status and symptoms reported after 10 years, with results presented as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals. Consistency of symptoms and associations with case status and number of days with symptoms during outbreak were analysed using X2 and Mann–Whitney U tests. The response rate after 10 years was 74% (n = 538). Case status was associated with reporting symptoms, with aOR of ~3 for abdominal symptoms and ~2 for joint symptoms. Cases were more likely to report consistent symptoms. Cases with consistent abdominal symptoms at follow-up reported 9.2 days with symptoms during the outbreak (SD 8.1), compared to 6.6 days (SD 6.1) for cases reporting varying or no symptoms (p = 0.003). We conclude that cryptosporidiosis was associated with an up to threefold risk for reporting symptoms 10 years post-infection. Consistent symptoms were associated with prolonged infection.
Narrating the preservation of a film school archive – Re-configuring the hero’s journey across the nexus of conservation and film production
Authors: Lyon Donna , Sloggett Robyn
Published: May 2023

Narrating the preservation of a film school archive–Re-configuring the hero’s journey across the nexus of conservation and film production. In 2013, a program to secure the future of the more than 1800 films produced by students in the Victorian College of Arts’ Department of Film and Television commenced at the University of Melbourne. This is a highly significant collection, with films from 1966 to the present, that contains work by some of Australia’s pre-eminent producers, cinematographers, scriptwriters, and others. Utilising narrative frameworks theory, and particularly the victim to hero narrative, this paper explores the journey taken to preserve this archive and make it accessible to current and future students and the public. This makes explicit the value of narrative inquiry as a method for active rethinking and reframing of the project, the opportunities for democratisation and increasing plurality during the project and highlighted the need to contest the celebratory narrative of project completion to ensure that the continued risk to the hero-archive remains a central institutional concern.