bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integración de Chatbots de IA para la Optimización de Pedidos en Servicios Alimentarios: Caso de Estudio en “Cafetería La Estación 04 – Ibarra Ecuador”
Authors: Vivas-Naranjo Martín , Cueva-Costales Andrés
Published: May 2024

Este estudio se enfoca en proponer la aplicación de chatbots con inteligencia artificial (IA) enfocados en la gestión de pedidos y satisfacción del cliente en el sector de servicios alimentarios de la cafetería “La Estación 04” de Ibarra, Ecuador.  
Se adoptó un enfoque cuantitativo no experimental con temporalidad transversal, se emplearon encuestas estructuradas para recopilar datos sobre la eficacia, satisfacción, y preferencias de los usuarios hacia los chatbots. La muestra consistió en 87 individuos, seleccionados mediante muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, asegurando una representación equilibrada de género y una distribución variada de edades.  
Los resultados posicionan como segundo método de pedido más preferido al uso de chatbots sobre otros métodos digitales y tradicionales. La rapidez y eficiencia en la gestión de pedidos mediante chatbots fueron altamente valoradas, evidenciando la importancia de la automatización y la digitalización en la experiencia de compra en línea. A pesar de la preferencia generalizada por los chatbots, se destaca una inclinación hacia métodos de comunicación más directos y personales, como las llamadas telefónicas, especialmente en situaciones complejas o urgentes. Adicionalmente, cerca de las tres terceras partes de los participantes expresaron su disposición a recomendar el servicio de delivery vía chatbot. 
En conclusión, el estudio indica una percepción positiva de los chatbots en la gestión de pedidos en el sector de servicios alimentarios, subrayando su eficacia para mejorar la experiencia de compra. Sin embargo, también revela la necesidad de balancear la automatización con interacciones personales más directas y sugiere oportunidades de mejora y expansión del servicio para aumentar la satisfacción del cliente y fomentar una mayor adopción de esta tecnología.
Aportes de la empresa pública eléctrica en la consolidación del ODS 7. un nuevo enfoque para el desarrollo sostenible de la localidad. Unidad de estudio: E.P. CELEC
Authors: Chica-Santana Julio , Mantuano-Zambrano Yandry
Published: May 2024

La investigación tiene como objetivo principal contextualizar los aportes de la Empresa Pública Eléctrica (EPE) en la consolidación del ODS 7; acompañado con los específicos: Identificar las directrices del ODS 7 que apuntan a la Empresa Pública Eléctrica; y reflexionar sobre los aportes de las Empresa Pública Eléctrica (EPE) para la consolidación del ODS 7. La unidad de estudio ha sido la EP Corporación Eléctrica del Ecuador (CELEC, provincia de Manabí). Parte de la concepción de un paradigma fenomenológico-interpretativo, siendo su enfoque cualitativo y de nivel descriptiva, entre los instrumentos de recolección de información se encuentran la observación directa dentro de la unidad de estudio seleccionada, la revisión documental y bibliográfica (saturación teórica) de las temáticas referentes al estudio propuesto, convirtiéndose en una investigación documental. Entre las estrategias de análisis se encuentran la denominada contenido cualitativo y la Teoría Fundamentada (Strauss y Corbin), ambas, se han utilizado de manera combinada, expresadas en una matriz axial en las que se destacan los principales componentes relacionados con las empresas públicas y el desarrollo sostenible, así como su relación con el ODS 7: Energía asequible y no contaminante; en la que se desarrolla un proceso de comparación constante entre sí, tomando en consideración el contexto y los referentes que impulsan su concepto. En el proceso de categorización se obtiene una categoría central: Gobernanza corporativa sostenible para el sector eléctrico, la cual se propone como una buena praxis a ejecutar dentro de las dimensiones que debe abarcar la empresa pública eléctrica como actor social.
Redefining Public Space: The Evolution of Meaning in the Digital Era
Authors: Eren İbrahim , AKTUĞLU AKTAN Esin Özlem , ALTANLAR Aslı
Published: May 2024

Throughout history, public space has had a dynamic and evolving structure interacting with society and has undergone various conceptual changes and developments. This paper explores the evolving definition of public space, emphasizing the role of digitalization in this transformation. The study also seeks to delve deeply into the current meaning of public space, informed by perspectives from spatial design experts and Istanbul residents. The research employs a systematic literature review and a survey method, segmented across two distinct groups. The survey also concentrated on the spatial and digital dimensions of public space and asked participants to evaluate the personal meanings and usage patterns of these spaces. Besides, the advancement of digital technologies has led to literature that indicates an expansion in the definition of public space. The findings acquired from the research also supported this. In other words, analysis displays that public space goes beyond its traditional definition. Participants began to represent public spaces not only as physical spaces but also as digital platforms and social networks, and these findings supported the idea that the meaning and boundaries of public space augment and alter with digitalisation. This study emphasizes that the definition of public space cannot be confined solely to physical spaces but also includes digital platforms as integral components of this domain. Acquiring insight into public spaces' ever-changing and dynamic structure is essential for comprehending social and spatial dynamics in contemporary societies. This study revealed the evolution of the concept of public space and the effects of digitalization on this evolution.
Pengembangan Modul Menulis Artikel Ilmiah sebagai Penunjang Akselerasi Publikasi Ilmiah Mahasiswa
Authors: Lida Ulfah Mey , Karsono Lorena Dara Putri , Gunawan Karebet
Published: May 2024

Pengembangan modul mencakup seluruh proses pembuatan dan penggunaan materi pembelajaran, termasuk evaluasi, adaptasi, desain, pembuatan, penerapan, dan penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsi hasil pengembangan modul menulis artikel ilmiah. Modul ini memuat soal-soal evaluasi yang dapat mengukur sejauh mana pemahaman penulisan artikel ilmiah yang telah dipelajari serta mempercepat proses pemahaman materi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang menggunakan pendekatan Research & Development (R&D). Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah penyebaran angket, catatan lapangan, dan wawancara. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pedoman catatan lapangan, angket, dan pedoman wawancara. Modul Menulis Artikel Ilmiah dikembangkan berdasarkan hasil analisis kebutuhan yang telah didapatkan. Hasil pengembangan Modul Menulis Artikel ilmiah dibedakan ke dalam tiga bagian, yakni bagian awal modul, bagian isi modul, dan bagian akhir modul. Hasil Pengembangan Modul Menulis Artikel Ilmiah ini dibuat sesuai dengan analisis kebutuhan yang didapatkan dengan beberapa penyesuaian. Penyesuaian ini dilakukan dengan pertimbangan substansi, sistematika, dan cakupan materi modul. Bagian awal, isi, dan akhir modul dikembangkan sesuai dengan pedoman penyusunan modul yang dikeluarkan oleh Kemdikbud.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Teks Cerita Pendek Berbasis Media Aplikasi Hot Potatoes Jclose Pada Mahasiswa Universitas Khairun
Authors: Kurniawan Roni , Abdy Iwan , Nurharyanto Dwi Widyastuti
Published: May 2024

Pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia merupakan bagian dari kurikulum 2013 yang menekankan pentingnya keseimbangan, kemampuan, sikap, pengetahuan dan keterampilan.Proses belajar mengajar merupakan suatu kegiatan interaktif antara guru dan siswa.Salah satu penerapan teknologi pembelajaran yang banyak dibicarakan di kalangan peneliti, pendidik (guru), dan pemerhati pendidikan adalah penggunaan aplikasi Hot Potatoes Jclose. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pengembangan, jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah R&D (Research and Development) dengan menggunakan model 4D yaitu Define, Design, Develop, dan Dissemination.It's development. Melaksanakan).Jenis data yang dikumpulkan meliputi data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil Penelitian yang diperoleh bahwa buku ajar teks cerita pendek berbasis Hot Pottaoes Jclose 86 % layak digunakan sebagai media Pembelajaran.  Berdasarkan hasil verifikasi ahli bahan ajar dan ahli bahasa, kesesuaian media Jclose Hot Potatoes untuk pengajaran teks cerita pendek pada mahasiswa PGSD Universitas Kairun sangat layak dan dapat digunakan sebagai media dalam proses pembelajaran
Implementasi E-Modul Berbasis Android untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berbahasa Indonesia Pada Mahasiswa Poltekes Kemenkes dan UNIPA Surabaya
Authors: Ardhianti Mimas , Prawoto Eko Cahyo , Indayani Indayani
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi e-modul berbasis android untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbahasa indonesia pada mahasiswa Poltekes Kemenkes dan Unipa Surabaya. Rendahnya minat dan motivasi mahasiswa untuk mengikuti setiap proses pembelajaran mata kuliah bahasa Indonesia didasarkan pada beberapa hal, yaitu; ketidakmenarikan atau ketidakrelevanan mata kuliah bahasa Indonesia dengan kebutuhan akademik mahasiswa, pemahaman rendah tentang pentingnya konsep dasar bahasa Indonesia dalam dunia akademik, dan terbatasnya sumber belajar yang relevan dengan perkembangan teknologi saat ini. Tantangan ini mendorong untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar dan pemahaman mahasiswa tentang pentingnya menguasai bahasa Indonesia secara akademik, serta menyediakan sumber belajar yang sesuai dengan perkembangan teknologi. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi solusi yang relevan untuk permasalahan rendahnya minat dan motivasi mahasiswa dalam mata kuliah bahasa Indonesia dan meningkatkan motivasi belajar mandiri mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan jenis penelitian pengembangan dengan model ADDIE. Terdapat lima tahapan penelitian yaitu; analisis, desain/perencanaan, pengembangan, implementasi, dan evaluasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah hasil  pengukuran pembelajaran dan implementasi aplikasi melalui delapan aspek dengan 398 diperoleh rerata skor 4,4. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi Arimbi dapat digunakan dengan baik dan dapat membantu mahasiswa dalam belajar bahasa Indonesia sehingga dapat meningkatkan kemampuan mahasiswa dalam berbahasa Indonesia utamanya pada materi kata dan pembentukan kata, kalimat efektif, serta paragraf.
Mathematics video classes produced by students: a proposal to enhance learning
Authors: Braga Nádia Helena
Published: May 2024

This work aimed to analyze whether high school students’ production of mathematics video classes enhances their learning. We examined how students learn function concepts when producing video classes. The research was carried out in two classes of the first grade of high school integrated into technical education in the federal network. In one class, students produced video classes, and learning was compared with that of the other class. Qualitative research was adopted, in which data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, field observation, and analysis of video classes produced by students. The video classes students created reproduced the classes they were used to watching, as they did not present innovations and/or different methodologies. Ultimately, we noticed a gain in learning with the video class production process. The students demonstrated the ability to work as a team, gained autonomy in their studies, and presented satisfactory results in the final assessments.
‘One central purpose’? Tracking the Evolution of Strategic Approaches to Economic Development in Scotland
Authors: Clelland David
Published: May 2024

The Scottish Government’s latest economic strategy aims for a ‘transformation’ of the Scottish economy, with higher levels of aggregate economic performance combined with greater equality, reduced poverty and environmental sustainability. In doing so it echoes similar ambitions expressed in Scottish economic development strategies since devolution in 1999. This article provides a contextual analysis of the strategic approaches to economic development pursued by successive administrations and the institutional arrangements to deliver them. In particular, it provides an account of how ‘economic development’ and its aims have been understood, the shifting balance between a prioritization of growth and distributional concerns, and the attention given to questions of geographically uneven development within Scotland. While there is a degree of continuity across these strategies, the trend has been towards a broadening set of aims around the economy, influenced by growing international interest in looking beyond GDP, concern about regional inequality and a need to reduce carbon emissions. Overall, however, these shifts have not yet marked a radical departure from the traditional underlying goal of seeking increased economic growth at the national level.
Direct and Indirect Prejudice in Scotland
Authors: Westfall Aubrey
Published: May 2024

This paper estimates levels of prejudice in Scotland with data from the 2021 Scottish Election Survey. It examines both direct and indirect indicators of prejudice to discover that somewhere between 15 and 20 percent of respondents indicate prejudicial feelings towards immigrants. Comparisons with results from other surveys in the UK and abroad suggest lower rates of prejudice in Scotland, and declining rates of prejudice over time. Empirical comparisons reveal direct and indirect prejudice to be closely related in Scotland, and regression analysis discovers common determinants of directly and indirectly prejudicial feelings. Political positions, such as ideological conservativism, identifying as a Remainer in the Brexit debate, and support for Scottish independence are important determinants across indicators of prejudice, and the strength of these political indicators demonstrates how Scottish political culture has been linked to minority politics in such a way as to re-draw social boundaries around expressions of prejudice.
Questioning the Doctrine of Repugnancy's Function and Importance in Indian Law
Authors: SHANKAR ADITHYAA
Published: May 2024

The Doctrine of Repugnancy, a fundamental basis for settling disputes between federal and state statutes, is the subject of this academic study. This study examines the breadth and applicability of this theory with a focus on Article 254 of the Constitution. It takes a look at situations where there are legal difficulties caused by apparent contradictions between federal and state legislation. Within the context of Repugnancy, the article explores the possibility of competing interpretations. It investigates how courts handle such disputes and decide which law applies by looking at pertinent case studies. The study's overarching goal is to clarify how the Doctrine of Repugnancy upholds the separation of powers in the legislative branch while establishing a consistent body of law. Keywords: Article 254, Doctrine of Repugnancy, Conflict of Law, Alternative Interpretation, National Law, State Law
Proposal of innovative smart solutions for retail store in order to support competitiveness and sustainable development
Authors: Štofková Katarína Repková , Bajza Filip , Janošková Patrícia , Kováčiková Martina
Published: May 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming an increasingly important concept in various areas of our daily lives. With the development of information and communication technologies, the possibilities of IoT implementation are also expanding. The retail sector is also starting to make more significant use of IoT to improve and increase the efficiency of its business processes and more effective interaction with customers. Even though several partial IoT solutions have been implemented in retail, according to publicly available sources, there is no comprehensive IoT implementation in this sector. Therefore, we focused on the possibilities of creating a comprehensive proposal for the use of IoT in a retail enterprise in Slovakia. The main reasons for this transformation are the development of intelligent technologies, the increased demand of consumers for more convenient purchases and the efficiency of business processes, as well as to increase the competitiveness of the company. The aim of the contribution is to create a proposal for the implementation of IoT in retail, which will contribute to the sustainable development and competitiveness of the company. The result of the contribution is the creation of a proposal for the integration of the Internet of Things in retail, while the proposal is also applicable in other similar enterprises. The research methodology includes secondary sources and primary inquiry using an online questionnaire. The results of the primary research showed that a large part of respondents are interested in using IoT solutions in retail and that the implementation of these solutions affects their purchasing behavior. The conclusions of the paper indicate that the implementation of IoT solutions in retail would have a positive impact on the competitiveness of businesses. Factors that influence the choice of brick-and-mortar and online stores by customers were also identified. Customers’ interest in IoT solutions, as well as their preferences when choosing stores, represent a guideline for businesses operating in the retail sector. The implementation of the proposed solutions is relatively demanding on financial resources, therefore a good financial condition of the company is a necessary condition. Further research should focus on the security risks, barriers, ethical privacy issues associated with the use of IoT in retail stores.
Prenatal echocardiography diagnosis of a novel combination of bilateral ductus arteriosus and cardiovascular anomalies: a case report and literature review
Authors: Zhang Simin , Wang Ning , Qu Pengfei , Shu Xiaobin , Mi Yang , Gao Xinru
Published: May 2024

Background

Bilateral ductus arteriosus (BDA) is a relatively rare vascular malformation. According to the double arch theory, BDA is formed when the distal ends of the sixth pairs of primitive arches on the left and right sides have not regressed. We describe a fetus with prenatal echocardiographic findings of BDA and right aortic arch mirror-image branching (RAA-MIB) combined with congenital heart disease. Furthermore, to gain a deeper understanding of the embryological mechanism of BDA, we review the literature on all combinations of BDA present in 40 fetuses/infants.

Case summary

A 22-year-old female patient underwent fetal echocardiography at 23 weeks of gestation. Both the two-dimensional (2D) grayscale image and color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) revealed dextro-transposition of the great arteries combined with a ventricular septal defect and RAA-MIB. The following scan revealed a rare vascular ring, which was identified as BDA extending from the confluent of the left pulmonary artery and right pulmonary artery, completely encircling the trachea to form an “O”-shaped vascular ring before finally converging into the descending aorta. A persistent left superior vena cava was also observed. We subsequently used four-dimensional (4D) color Doppler imaging with the spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) HD live flow and STIC HD live flow silhouette mode to clearly display ventricular arterial connectivity and the direction of vessel travel. Adjusting the image quality and display angle is very important when applying STIC. The 4D images confirmed our diagnosis. After multidisciplinary counseling and discussion with her family, this female patient decided to terminate the pregnancy.

Conclusion

Our review of the literature summarized nine combinations classified into three types of BDA and aortic arch pathology. However, our case differs because it is a novel combination of intracardiac structural abnormalities and vascular rings in a fetus. Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of BDA is important and requires a combination of 2D grayscale, CDFI, and STIC images to assist in scanning.
Use of large language model-based chatbots in managing the rehabilitation concerns and education needs of outpatient stroke survivors and caregivers
Authors: Neo Jin Rui Edmund , Ser Joon Sin , Tay San San
Published: May 2024

Background

The utility of large language model-based (LLM) artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots in many aspects of healthcare is becoming apparent though their ability to address patient concerns remains unknown. We sought to evaluate the performance of two well-known, freely-accessible chatbots, ChatGPT and Google Bard, in responding to common questions about stroke rehabilitation posed by patients and their caregivers.

Methods

We collected questions from outpatients and their caregivers through a survey, categorised them by theme, and created representative questions to be posed to both chatbots. We then evaluated the chatbots' responses based on accuracy, safety, relevance, and readability. Interrater agreement was also tracked.

Results

Although both chatbots achieved similar overall scores, Google Bard performed slightly better in relevance and safety. Both provided readable responses with some general accuracy, but struggled with hallucinated responses, were often not specific, and lacked awareness of the possibility for emotional situations with the potential to turn dangerous. Additionally, interrater agreement was low, highlighting the variability in physician acceptance of their responses.

Conclusions

AI chatbots show potential in patient-facing support roles, but issues remain regarding safety, accuracy, and relevance. Future chatbots should address these problems to ensure that they can reliably and independently manage the concerns and questions of stroke patients and their caregivers.
Beyond English centrality: integrating expansive conceptions of language for literacy programming into IEPs
Authors: Ferrell Amy L. , Soltero-González Lucinda , Kamioka Sakura
Published: May 2024

This article addresses the English centrality in reading policy, assessment, and instructional practices in the U.S. and its implications for the educational programing for emerging bilingual students (EBs) with disabilities. A recent review of the state of practice as it relates to EBs with disabilities reveals concerns that have endured for nearly six decades: biased assessment, disproportionality issues in special education, and teachers’ lack of understanding of language acquisition and students’ potential. These concerns demonstrate a need for the field to prioritize multilingual lenses for both the identification of and programming for EBs with disabilities. We propose attention to conceptions of language that expand beyond the structuralist standpoint that prevails in the current science of reading reform. We offer guiding principles for IEP development grounded in sociocultural perspectives when designing bilingual instructional practices, which can be applied to the educational programming for EBs with disabilities. Within a sociocultural view of bilingualism and biliteracy, language, and literacy are understood by multiplicities in use, practice, form, and function, in which all communicators draw from expansive meaning-making repertoires, whether in listening, speaking, reading, writing, viewing, and multimodally representing. By expanding conceptions of a student’s linguistic repertoire, we honor their use of language as one, holistic system in which their named languages plus a multitude of linguistic practices intersect and interact.
Uniaxial stress effect on the electronic structure of quantum materials
Authors: Jo Na Hyun , Gati Elena , Pfau Heike
Published: May 2024

Uniaxial stress has proven to be a powerful experimental tuning parameter for effectively controlling lattice, charge, orbital, and spin degrees of freedom in quantum materials. In addition, its ability to manipulate the symmetry of materials has garnered significant attention. Recent technical progress to combine uniaxial stress cells with quantum oscillation and angle-resolved photoemission techniques allowed to study the electronic structure as function of uniaxial stress. This review provides an overview on experimental advancements in methods and examines studies on diverse quantum materials, encompassing the semimetal WTe2, the unconventional superconductor Sr2RuO4, Fe-based superconductors, and topological materials.
Long-term health effects of outdoor air pollution on asthma and respiratory symptoms among adults in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs): a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abbah Achenyo Peace , Xu Shanshan , Johannessen Ane
Published: May 2024

Background

Few studies have investigated the association between long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution and the risk of asthma and respiratory symptoms in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Objective

To systematically evaluate the epidemiological evidence regarding the associations between long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution and respiratory symptoms in LMICs.

Methods

We searched for literature published between January 1946 and September 2022 in Embase (Ovid), Medline (Ovid), and Web of Science (Core Collection). The air and gaseous pollutants studied included particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and black carbon (BC), and exposure was 1-year duration or more. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis with a random-effects model to calculate the relative risk (RR) estimates. A rerun of the databases was conducted in November 2023 with no eligible studies found.

Results

Of the 1,346 studies identified, only six met our inclusion criteria, and these six reported PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 with asthma as the main outcome. Three of these included studies were further included in the meta-analysis because they had data on the same exposure and outcome (PM2.5 and asthma). The main result of our study showed a borderline significant association between a 10 µg/m3 increase in exposure to PM2.5 and an increased risk of asthma (RR 1.21, 95% CI 0.93, 1.50). There was evidence of considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 75.87%). The regression-based Egger test for small-study effects showed no significant publication bias among these three studies.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that long-term exposure to PM2.5 increases the risk of asthma in LMICs, but studies are scarce and there is a large need for more research in LMICs in this field.

Systematic Review Registration

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0288667, PROSPERO (CRD42022311326).
Firewood transport and invasive insect spread in Michigan
Authors: Budzyn Erin , Huff Emily S. , Frei Heidi
Published: May 2024

Transportation of firewood can be a vector for invasive insect spread resulting in damage to surrounding areas. In 2016 and 2021, surveys were conducted at campgrounds around Michigan to understand where campers were sourcing their firewood, awareness of the ‘Do not move firewood’ campaign, knowledge of invasive insects and pests, reactions to a potential ban on bringing firewood to campgrounds, and perspective on kiln-dried firewood – all potential policy levers to reduce the spread of invasive insects. Results indicated that campaign awareness slightly decreased between the survey years, personal firewood transport has decreased, and knowledge of invasives remains low. There is an opportunity for intensifying invasive species and firewood outreach efforts, however, regulation (and enforcement) may be more effective among those who would not comply or support a ban.
Enhancing genetic variability in Trigonella species through sodium azide induction: morpho-physiological and chromosomal amelioration
Authors: Naaz Neha , Choudhary Sana , Hasan Nazarul , Sharma Nidhi , Alharbi Khadiga , Abd El Moneim Diaa
Published: May 2024

Plant breeding, aimed at enhancing desired traits, depends on genetic diversity. Mutation breeding is a powerful method of rapidly expanding genetic diversity, facilitating crop improvement, and ensuring food security. In a recent study, researchers evaluated the genetic variability of Trigonella species using different doses of sodium azide (SA) (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1.0%) through morphological, physiological, and cytogenetic studies. Morphological variations were observed in cotyledonary leaves, vegetative leaves, and overall plant growth and habit. Several quantitative parameters, such as plant height, fertile branches per plant, pods per plant (or clusters), seeds per pod, and seed yield, increased when treated with 0.2% and 0.4% SA compared to the control. Furthermore, the total chlorophyll content and carotenoids increased in the sample treated with 0.2% SA over the control but decreased with higher concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that stomatal aperture and seed dimensions increased at lower concentrations of sodium azide treatment. The study found a positive correlation between the different parameters studied in the Trigonella species, as indicated by high r-values. Based on their findings, it was concluded that the genotype of fenugreek can be improved by using 0.2% and 0.4% concentrations of sodium azide. However, the evaluation of observed variants in successive generations is a critical and necessary process to validate their potential as keystones for crop genetic improvements.
Anti-integrin αvβ6 antibody in Takayasu arteritis patients with or without ulcerative colitis
Authors: Ishikawa Yuki , Yoshida Hiroyuki , Yoshifuji Hajime , Ohmura Koichiro , Origuchi Tomoki , Ishii Tomonori , Mimori Tsuneyo , Morinobu Akio , Shiokawa Masahiro , Terao Chikashi
Published: May 2024

Background

It has been well documented that Takayasu arteritis (TAK) and ulcerative colitis (UC) coexist in the same patients. HLA-B*52 characterizes the co-occurrence, which is one of the common genetic features between these two diseases, indicating shared underlying pathologic mechanisms. Anti-integrin αvβ6 antibody (Ab) is present in sera of UC patients in a highly specific manner. We investigated if there were any associations between anti-integrin αvβ6 Ab and TAK, considering the risk HLA alleles.

Methods

A total of 227 Japanese TAK patients were recruited in the current study and their serum samples were subjected to measurement of anti-integrin αvβ6 Ab by ELISA. The clinical information, including the co-occurrence of UC, was collected. The HLA allele carrier status was determined by Luminex or genotype imputation.

Results

The information about the presence of UC was available for 165 patients, among which eight (4.84%) patients had UC. Anti-integrin αvβ6 antibody was identified in 7 out of 8 TAK subjects with UC (87.5%) while only 5 out of 157 (3.18%) TAK subjects without UC had the antibody (OR 121, p=7.46×10-8). A total of 99 out of 218 (45.4%) patients were HLA-B*52 carriers. There was no significant association between the presence of anti-integrin αvβ6 Ab and HLA-B*52 carrier status in those without UC (OR 2.01, 95% CI 0.33-12.4, p = 0.189).

Conclusions

The prevalence of anti-integrin αvβ6 Ab was high in TAK patients with UC, but not in the absence of concomitant UC. The effect of HLA-B*52 on anti-integrin αvβ6 Ab production would be minimal.
Case report: Reassessing guidelines for safe resumption of diving after spinal decompression sickness: insights from a challenging case
Authors: Druelle Arnaud , Blatteau Jean-Eric , Daubresse Duchadeuil Lucile , Morin Jean , Roffi Romain , Dufresne Pierre-Louis , Lehot Henri , Castagna Olivier
Published: May 2024

Background

Recreational divers who have experienced Spinal Decompression Sickness (DCS) often aspire to return to their diving activities. Traditionally, it is recommended to observe a waiting period of several months before contemplating a return to unrestricted diving, particularly when clinical symptoms are absent, spinal cord Magnetic Resonance Imaging shows no anomalies, and the evaluation for Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) returns negative results.

Methods

This article presents a compelling case study involving a 51-year-old recreational scuba diver who encountered two episodes of spinal decompression illness within a two-year timeframe. Notably, the search for a PFO produced negative results. The primary objective of this article is to underscore the critical importance of a meticulously planned approach to resuming diving after DCS incidents, emphasizing the potential for recurrence and the essential preventive measures.

Conclusion

We delve into the intricate decision-making process for returning to diving, emphasizing the significance of clinical evaluations, PFO assessments, spinal cord Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and the absence of clinical symptoms. By recognizing the risk of recurrence and the need for proactive prevention measures, we provide recommendations for both medical professionals and divers, with the ultimate goal of enhancing safety and informed decision-making within the diving community.
Identification of CFH and FHL2 as biomarkers for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Liu Xingchen , Yang Meng , Li Jiayu , Liu Hangxu , Dong Yuchao , Zheng Jianming , Huang Yi
Published: May 2024

Background

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease of unknown etiology with a poor prognosis, characterized by a lack of effective diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. The role of immunity in the pathogenesis of IPF is significant, yet remains inadequately understood. This study aimed to identify potential key genes in IPF and their relationship with immune cells by integrated bioinformatics analysis and verify by in vivo and in vitro experiments.

Methods

Gene microarray data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) for differential expression analysis. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and subjected to functional enrichment analysis. By utilizing a combination of three machine learning algorithms, specific genes associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) were pinpointed. Then their diagnostic significance and potential co-regulators were elucidated. We further analyzed the correlation between key genes and immune infiltrating cells via single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Subsequently, a single-cell RNA sequencing data (scRNA-seq) was used to explore which cell types expressed key genes in IPF samples. Finally, a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to validate the expression of candidate genes by western blot (WB), quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis.

Results

A total of 647 DEGs of IPF were identified based on two datasets, including 225 downregulated genes and 422 upregulated genes. They are closely related to biological functions such as cell migration, structural organization, immune cell chemotaxis, and extracellular matrix. CFH and FHL2 were identified as key genes with diagnostic accuracy for IPF by three machine learning algorithms. Analysis using ssGSEA revealed a significant association of both CFH and FHL2 with diverse immune cells, such as B cells and NK cells. Further scRNA-seq analysis indicated CFH and FHL2 were specifically upregulated in human IPF tissues, which was confirmed by in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Conclusion

In this study, CFH and FHL2 have been identified as novel potential biomarkers for IPF, with potential diagnostic utility in future clinical applications. Subsequent investigations into the functions of these genes in IPF and their interactions with immune cells may enhance comprehension of the disease’s pathogenesis and facilitate the identification of therapeutic targets.
Cybersecurity policy framework requirements for the establishment of highly interoperable and interconnected health data spaces
Authors: Luidold Christian , Jungbauer Christoph
Published: May 2024

This paper examines cybersecurity policy framework requirements for establishing highly interoperable and interconnected health data spaces, with a focus on the European Health Data Space (EHDS) and its corresponding joint action Toward European Health Data Space (TEHDAS). It explores the challenges of ensuring data security within an increasingly digital and collaborative healthcare environment, emphasizing the need for robust policy management to protect sensitive health information across diverse healthcare systems and supply chains. Through an analysis of use cases and held expert workshops, the study identifies key requirements for enhancing cybersecurity measures, fostering cross-border data exchange, and ensuring compliance with regulatory standards. It illustrates the practical implications of cybersecurity policies in a real-world scenario, demonstrating how they can be applied to enhance data security and policy effectiveness.
Evaluating high-resolution computed tomography derived 3-D joint space metrics of the metacarpophalangeal joints between rheumatoid arthritis and age- and sex-matched control participants
Authors: Tse Justin J. , Contreras Dani , Salat Peter , Barber Claire E. H. , Hazlewood Glen S. , Barnabe Cheryl , Penney Chris , Ibrahem Ahmed , Mosher Dianne , Manske Sarah L.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is commonly characterized by joint space narrowing. High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) provides unparalleled in vivo visualization and quantification of joint space in extremity joints commonly affected by RA, such as the 2nd and 3rd metacarpophalangeal joints. However, age, sex, and obesity can also influence joint space narrowing. Thus, this study aimed to determine whether HR-pQCT joint space metrics could distinguish between RA patients and controls, and determine the effects of age, sex and body mass index (BMI) on these joint space metrics.

Methods

HR-pQCT joint space metrics (volume, width, standard deviation of width, maximum/minimum width, and asymmetry) were acquired from RA patients and age-and sex-matched healthy control participants 2nd and 3rd MCP joints. Joint health and functionality were assessed with ultrasound (i.e., effusion and inflammation), hand function tests, and questionnaires.

Results

HR-pQCT-derived 3D joint space metrics were not significantly different between RA and control groups (p > 0.05), despite significant differences in inflammation and joint function (p < 0.05). Joint space volume, mean joint space width (JSW), maximum JSW, minimum JSW were larger in males than females (p < 0.05), while maximum JSW decreased with age. No significant association between joint space metrics and BMI were found.

Conclusion

HR-pQCT did not detect group level differences between RA and age-and sex-matched controls. Further research is necessary to determine whether this is due to a true lack of group level differences due to well-controlled RA, or the inability of HR-pQCT to detect a difference.
Suillusgrevillei and Suillus luteus promote lead tolerance of Pinus tabulaeformis and biomineralize lead to pyromorphite
Authors: Cheng Kang , Liu Yaqin , Tang Ming , Zhang Haoqiang
Published: May 2024

Lead (Pb) is a hazardous heavy metal that accumulates in many environments. Phytoremediation of Pb polluted soil is an environmentally friendly method, and a better understanding of mycorrhizal symbiosis under Pb stress can promote its efficiency and application. This study aims to evaluate the impact of two ectomycorrhizal fungi (Suillus grevillei and Suillus luteus) on the performance of Pinus tabulaeformis under Pb stress, and the biomineralization of metallic Pb in vitro. A pot experiment using substrate with 0 and 1,000 mg/kg Pb2+ was conducted to evaluate the growth, photosynthetic pigments, oxidative damage, and Pb accumulation of P. tabulaeformis with or without ectomycorrhizal fungi. In vitro co-cultivation of ectomycorrhizal fungi and Pb shots was used to evaluate Pb biomineralization. The results showed that colonization by the two ectomycorrhizal fungi promoted plant growth, increased the content of photosynthetic pigments, reduced oxidative damage, and caused massive accumulation of Pb in plant roots. The structural characteristics of the Pb secondary minerals formed in the presence of fungi demonstrated significant differences from the minerals formed in the control plates and these minerals were identified as pyromorphite (Pb5(PO4)3Cl). Ectomycorrhizal fungi promoted the performance of P. tabulaeformis under Pb stress and suggested a potential role of mycorrhizal symbiosis in Pb phytoremediation. This observation also represents the first discovery of such Pb biomineralization induced by ectomycorrhizal fungi. Ectomycorrhizal fungi induced Pb biomineralization is also relevant to the phytostabilization and new approaches in the bioremediation of polluted environments.
Exploration of the role of the penicillin binding protein 2c (Pbp2c) in inducible β-lactam resistance in Corynebacteriaceae
Authors: Lavollay Marie , Buon Céline , Le Moigne Vincent , Compain Fabrice , Guyonvarch Armel , Fonvielle Matthieu
Published: May 2024

Six genes encoding putative high molecular weight penicillin-binding proteins (Pbp) are present in the genome of the β-lactam-resistant strain Corynebacterium jeikeium K411. In this study, we show that pbp2c, one of these six genes, is present in resistant strains of Corynebacteriaceae but absent from sensitive strains. The molecular study of the pbp2c locus from C. jeikeium and its heterologous expression in Corynebacterium glutamicum allowed us to show that Pbp2c confers high levels of β-lactam resistance to the host and is under the control of a β-lactam-induced regulatory system encoded by two adjacent genes, jk0410 and jk0411. The detection of this inducible resistance may require up to 48 h of incubation, particularly in Corynebacterium amycolatum. Finally, the Pbp2c-expressing strains studied were resistant to all the β-lactam antibiotics tested, including carbapenems, ceftaroline, and ceftobiprole.
High-altitude-induced alterations in intestinal microbiota
Authors: Liu Dan , Chen Dan , Xiao Jian , Wang Wei , Zhang Li-Juan , Peng Hui , Han Chuan , Yao Hao
Published: May 2024

In high-altitude environments characterized by low pressure and oxygen levels, the intestinal microbiota undergoes significant alterations. Whether individuals are subjected to prolonged exposure or acute altitude changes, these conditions lead to shifts in both the diversity and abundance of intestinal microbiota and changes in their composition. While these alterations represent adaptations to high-altitude conditions, they may also pose health risks through certain mechanisms. Changes in the intestinal microbiota induced by high altitudes can compromise the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier, resulting in gastrointestinal dysfunction and an increased susceptibility to acute mountain sickness (AMS). Moreover, alterations in the intestinal microbiota have been implicated in the induction or exacerbation of chronic heart failure. Targeted modulation of the intestinal microbiota holds promise in mitigating high-altitude-related cardiac damage. Dietary interventions, such as adopting a high-carbohydrate, high-fiber, low-protein, and low-fat diet, can help regulate the effects of intestinal microbiota and their metabolic byproducts on intestinal health. Additionally, supplementation with probiotics, either through dietary sources or medications, offers a means of modulating the composition of the intestinal microbiota. These interventions may offer beneficial effects in preventing and alleviating AMS following acute exposure to high altitudes.
Alternative treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection in adults by fecal transplantation: an overview of phase I–IV studies from Clinicaltrials.gov
Authors: Obaid Najla A.
Published: May 2024

Background

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an interventional approach to treat chronic and recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). However, there is insufficient evidence regarding its effectiveness and safety. Clinical trials have been conducted to inspect the safety and effectiveness of FMT with and without comparison to pharmacological treatments.

Aim

This review explored the treatment of CDI in adults using FMT and evaluated the safety of this intervention based on phase I–IV studies registered on Clinicaltrials.gov.

Method

A comprehensive search of Clinicaltrials.gov was conducted to identify relevant studies that investigated CDI in adults. Data on study type, study design, sample size, intervention details, and outcomes related to FMT were examined and evaluated.

Results

In total, 13 clinical trials on FMT for CDI published through 17 November 2023 were identified, all of which were interventional studies. The investigation focused on both terminated and completed studies. Basic and advanced outcome measures were examined.

Conclusion

Some studies were terminated during phase II, and FMT was less effective than antibiotics such as vancomycin and fidaxomicin. However, colonoscopy and oral FMT were explored in several completed studies with promising results, but the evidence remains limited and inconclusive.
Integrated metabolomic and metagenomic strategies shed light on interactions among planting environments, rhizosphere microbiota, and metabolites of tobacco in Yunnan, China
Authors: Liao Rentao , Liu Zhengjie , Dongchen Wenhua , Deng Xiaopeng , Ma Erdeng , Manzoor Nazer , Lin Chun , Zhou Shaosong , Tong Wenjie , Zhou Min , Li Junying , Mao Zichao
Published: May 2024

Changes in climatic factors and rhizosphere microbiota led plants to adjust their metabolic strategies for survival under adverse environmental conditions. Changes in plant metabolites can mediate crop growth and development and interact with rhizosphere microbiota of the plant rhizosphere. To understand the interactions among environmental factors, rhizosphere microbiota, and metabolites of tobacco, a study was conducted by using integrated metagenomic and metabolomic strategies at four typical representative tobacco planting sites in Yunnan, China. The results showed that the agronomical and biochemical traits were significantly affected by temperature, precipitation (PREP), soil pH, and altitude. Correlation analyses revealed a significant positive correlation of temperature with length, width, and area of the leaf, while PREP correlated with plant height and effective leaf numbers. Furthermore, total sugar and reducing sugar contents of baked leaves were significantly higher, while the total nitrogen and total alkaloid levels were lower in tobacco leaves at site with low PREP. A total of 770 metabolites were detected with the highest number of different abundant metabolites (DMs) at Chuxiong (CX) with low PREP as compared to the other three sites, in which secondary metabolites were more abundant in both leaves and roots of tobacco. A total of 8,479 species, belonging to 2,094 genera with 420 individual bins (including 13 higher-quality bins) harboring 851,209 CDSs were detected. The phyla levels of microorganisms such as Euryarchaeota, Myxococcota, and Deinococcota were significantly enriched at the CX site, while Pseudomonadota was enriched at the high-temperature site with good PREP. The correlation analyses showed that the metabolic compounds in low-PREP site samples were positively correlated with Diaminobutyricimonas, Nissabacter, Alloactinosynnema, and Catellatospora and negatively correlated with Amniculibacterium, Nordella, Noviherbaspirillum, and Limnobacter, suggesting that the recruitment of Diaminobutyricimonas, Nissabacter, Alloactinosynnema, and Catellatospora in the rhizosphere induces the production and accumulation of secondary metabolites (SMs) (e.g., nitrogen compounds, terpenoids, and phenolics) for increasing drought tolerance with an unknown mechanism. The results of this study may promote the production and application of microbial fertilizers and agents such as Diaminobutyricimonas and Alloactinosynnema to assemble synthetic microbiota community or using their gene resources for better cultivation of tobacco as well as other crops in drought environments.