bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated cooperative braking algorithm of non‐linear electric multiple units with external disturbance
Authors: He Jing , Yang Buchong , Zhang Changfan , Mao Songan , Shi Laicheng
Published: December 2019

This study investigates the coordinated braking strategy integrated with sliding mode control for multiple high‐speed trains, to solve the problem of non‐linear couplers between trains and uncertainty during the braking process. First, a multi‐agent model with power between trains and uncertainty is established. Secondly, a sliding mode consistency tracking controller is designed. The consensus algorithm assures the consistency convergence of speed of each carriage. Sliding mode variable structure term is used to deal with the compound interference item consisting of non‐linearity and uncertainty. Finally, it is demonstrated by a simulation experiment that, the algorithm can well deal with compound disturbance term so that high accuracy is obtained during the parking process.
Application of convolution neural network object detection algorithm in logistics warehouse
Authors: Li Tianjian , Huang Bin , Li Chang , Huang Min
Published: December 2019

Because unmanned forklifts need to recognise and locate pallets in warehouses, a detection algorithm based on deep learning framework was proposed. First, the authors collected a large number of pictures including people and pallet in the real warehouse and marked the corresponding label to build a logistics warehouse pallet database. Second, the object detection algorithm based on a single shot multibox detector is improved and trained by the database. In the prediction phase, the network combines the multiscale feature maps with different resolution, which enhances the adaptability of the network to the detection task. Third, the algorithm is an end‐to‐end detection network, i.e. uses a single network for detection tasks, which can be easily combined with other systems which need detection tasks. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the improved pallet detection algorithm can reach 92.7% and the test rate is 42 frames per second, which can meet the requirements of the efficiency and accuracy of the pallet detection while using the TITAN X GPU.
Bilateral texture filtering for spectral‐spatial hyperspectral image classification
Authors: Zhang Ying , He Jing
Published: December 2019

Here, a novel structure‐preserving filtering based method is proposed for feature extraction of hyperspectral images (HIs). In the first step, the authors partition the HI into several subsets of neighbouring bands and then fuse the bands in each subset by averaging method. Second, the resulting features are obtained by bilateral texture filtering (BTF) on the fused bands. BTF is a structure‐preserving filtering technology, which aims at removing texture while preserving main structure information of source image. Finally, the SVM classifier is performed on the filtered image to obtain the classification result. Experiments tested on two popular hyperspectral data sets show that the proposed method outperforms some other widely used methods.
Molecular dynamics simulation of fabrication of Ni‐graphene composite: temperature effect
Authors: Safina Liliya L. , Baimova Julia A.
Published: December 2019

Fabrication of Ni‐graphene composite by hydrostatic pressure at finite temperatures or by the subsequent annealing is studied by molecular dynamics simulation. Crumpled graphene – the network of folded and crumpled graphene flakes connected by van‐der‐Waals bonds – is chosen as the matrix for Ni nanoclusters. It is found that hydrostatic compression at zero or room temperature cannot lead to the formation of the composite structure. Even strongly compressed crumpled graphene after unloading returned to the initial state of separated graphene flakes. However, annealing of the compressed structure at high temperature leads to the appearance of the valent bonds between neighbouring flakes. Simultaneously, hydrostatic compression at high temperature between 1000 and 2000 K leads to the better mixing of Ni atoms inside the structure and to the formation of strong covalent bonds between neighbouring flakes.
Hydrothermal synthesis of PrVO4 nanocubes with enhanced photocatalytic performance through a synergistic effect
Authors: Li Li , Sun Zhimei , Xu Mai , Rong Jiewei , Wang Longde , Chen Yi , Wang Lujiang , Wang Fengwu
Published: December 2019

Novel tetragonal PrVO4 nanocubes have been fabricated by a simple and green hydrothermal method. The excellent catalytic activity of the samples was investigated for the degradation of methylene blue aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. As compared with pure PrVO4 and H2O2, the photocatalytic efficiency of the PrVO4/H2O2 system was enhanced about 1.5 and 9 folds, respectively. In the whole photocatalytic process, h+ and ·OH radicals played the dominant roles on the basis of the trapping test. The significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity was attributed to the synergistic effect between photocatalytic oxidation of PrVO4 and heterogeneous photo‐Fenton‐like reaction of V(V)/H2O2. Finally, a possible photocatalytic mechanism was proposed.
Properties of galaxies with an offset between the position angles of the major kinematic and photometric axes
Authors: Pilyugin L. S. , Grebel E. K. , Zinchenko I. A. , Vílchez J. M. , Sakhibov F. , Nefedyev Y. A. , Berczik P. P.
Published: December 2019

We derive the photometric, kinematic, and abundance characteristics of 18 star-forming MaNGA galaxies with fairly regular velocity fields and surface brightness distributions and with a large offset between the measured position angles of the major kinematic and photometric axes, ΔPA ≳ 20°. The aim is to examine if there is any other distinctive characteristic common to these galaxies. We found morphological signs of interaction in some (in 11 out of 18) but not in all galaxies. The observed velocity fields show a large variety; the maps of the isovelocities vary from an hourglass-like appearance to a set of straight lines. The position angles of the major kinematic axes of the stellar and gas rotations are close to each other. The values of the central oxygen abundance, radial abundance gradient, and star formation rate are distributed within the intervals defined by galaxies with small (no) ΔPA of similar mass. Thus, we do not find any specific characteristic common to all galaxies with large ΔPA. Instead, the properties of these galaxies are similar to those of galaxies with small (no) ΔPA. This suggests that either the reason responsible for the large ΔPA does not influence other characteristics or the galaxies with large ΔPA do not share a common origin, they can, instead, originate through different channels.
Mantle exhumation at magma-poor passive continental margins. Part II: Tectonic and metasomatic evolution of large-displacement detachment faults preserved in a fossil distal margin domain (Saraillé lherzolites, northwestern Pyrenees, France)
Authors: Lagabrielle Yves , Asti Riccardo , Fourcade Serge , Corre Benjamin , Labaume Pierre , Uzel Jessica , Clerc Camille , Lafay Romain , Picazo Suzanne
Published: December 2019

In two companion papers we report the detailed geological and mineralogical study of two emblematic serpentinized ultramafic bodies of the western North Pyrenean Zone (NPZ), the Urdach massif (paper 1) and the Saraillé massif (this paper). The peridotites have been uplifted to lower crustal levels during the Cretaceous rifting period in the future NPZ. They are associated with Mesozoic pre-rift metamorphic sediments and small units of thinned Paleozoic basement that were deformed during the mantle exhumation event. In the Saraillé massif, both the pre-rift cover and the thin Paleozoic crustal lenses are involved in a Pyrenean recumbent fold having the serpentinized peridotites in its core. Based on detailed geological cross-sections microscopic observations and microprobe mineralogical analyses, we describe the lithology of the two major extensional fault zones that accommodated: (i) the progressive uplift of the lherzolites upward the Cretaceous basin axis, (ii) the lateral extraction of the continental crust beneath the rift margins and, (iii) the decoupling of the pre-rift cover along the Upper Triassic (Keuper) evaporites and clays, allowing its gliding and conservation in the basin center. These two fault zones are the (lower) crust-mantle detachment and the (upper) cover décollement located respectively at the crust-mantle boundary and at the base to the detached pre-rift cover. The Saraillé peridotites were never exposed to the seafloor of the Cretaceous NPZ basins and always remained under a thin layer of crustal mylonites. Field constraints allow to reconstruct the strain pattern of the mantle rocks in the crust-mantle detachment. A 20–50 m thick layer of serpentinized lherzolites tectonic lenses separated by anastomosed shear zones is capped by a thin upper damage zone made up of strongly sheared talc-chlorite schists invaded by pyrite crystallization. The cover décollement is a few decameter-thick fault zone resulting from the brecciation of Upper Triassic layers. It underwent strong metasomatic alteration in the greenschist facies, by multi-component fluids leading to the crystallization of quartz, dolomite, talc, Cr-rich chlorite, amphiboles, magnesite and pyrite. These data collectively allow to propose a reconstruction of the architecture and fluid-rock interaction history of the distal domain of the upper Cretaceous northern Iberia margin now inverted in the NPZ.
A study on the correlation of gastrointestinal bleeding and meteorological factors – is there a weather condition for GI bleeding?
Authors: Prechter Florian , Bürger Martin , Lehmann Thomas , Stallmach Andreas , Schmidt Carsten
Published: December 2019

Aim We tried to identify a possible correlation between meteorological factors and the frequency of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB).

Methods We analyzed all endoscopic examinations performed because of suspected GIB from 2013 to 2016 at Jena University Hospital, Germany. Confirmed bleeding events were correlated with local meteorological data and meteorological season using multivariate analysis.

Results Among a total of 35 522 examinations, we identified 5310 endoscopies performed for suspected GIB (61.5 % upper, 38.5 % lower endoscopies). In 35.5 %, GIB could be ascertained, gastroduodenal ulcers being the most frequent bleeding source. Of bleedings, 46.7 % merited an endoscopic intervention. Multivariate analysis did not show a correlation between meteorological factors and the total number of bleeding events. In subgroup analysis, lower ambient temperatures as well as pronounced changes in daily temperature were significantly associated with a higher rate of variceal hemorrhage (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 0.961 for higher minimum temperature, p = 0.019; IRR: 1.119 per degree temperature change, p = 0.021), whereas ulcerative bleeding was associated with changes in air pressure (IRR: 1.031 per hPa, p = 0.010).

Conclusions Our study does not support the correlation of meteorological conditions with the frequency of GIB per se. However, we found a statistically significant increase of variceal bleeding episodes along with lower ambient temperatures and pronounced changes in daily temperature. Patients at risk for variceal hemorrhage should be advised to avoid exposure to low temperatures, whenever possible. Ulcerative bleeding was significantly associated with changes in air pressure.
Neuroendokrine Tumoren in der täglichen gastroenterologischen und endoskopischen Praxis – ein klinisch orientierter Leitfaden
Authors: Spindelböck Walter , Kump Patrizia Katharina , Püspök Andreas , Koch Robert , Mayerhöfer Marius , Haug Alexander , Fritz Eva , Obermayer-Pietsch Barbara , Raderer Markus , Tribl Barbara
Published: December 2019

Neuroendokrine Tumoren des Gastrointestinaltrakts (GI-NET) sind selten. Die im Vergleich zu den mit hormonellen Syndromen assoziierten funktionellen Tumoren (Insulinom, Gastrinom) häufigeren nichtfunktionellen Tumoren verlaufen klinisch in der Regel bis in späte Stadien indolent. Die Therapie der GI-NET ist multimodal, wobei kurative Therapieansätze aus der vollständigen Entfernung des Tumorgewebes auf endoskopischem respektive chirurgischem Weg bestehen. Patienten in späten Tumorstadien profitieren von interventionell-radiologischen oder medikamentösen Therapieverfahren. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen praxisnahen Überblick über die Schlüsselaspekte der Therapie von gastrointestinalen NET in der täglichen gastroenterologischen Praxis mit Schwerpunkt auf endoskopischen Diagnose- und Therapieverfahren.
Metabolic and Non-Metabolic Peripheral Neuropathy: Is there a Place for Therapeutic Apheresis?
Authors: Straube Richard , Müller Gregor , Voit-Bak Karin , Tselmin Sergey , Julius Ulrich , Schatz Ulrike , Rietzsch Hannes , Reichmann Heinz , Chrousos George P. , Schürmann Annette , Jarc Luka , Ziemssen Tjalf , Siepmann Timo , Bornstein Stefan R.
Published: December 2019

As the rate of obesity and the incidence of diabetes mellitus have been increasing, diabetic neuropathy has become the most common cause of peripheral neuropathy in developed countries. In addition, a variety of pathogenetically heterogeneous disorders can lead to impairment of the peripheral nervous system including amyloidosis, vitamin deficiencies, uremia and lipid disorders, alcohol abuse, autoimmune and infectious diseases as well as exposure to environmental toxins. We have noted that a combination of these disorders may aggravate the manifestations of peripheral diabetic neuropathy, an effect, which is most pronounced when metabolic and non-metabolic pathologies lead to cumulative damage. Current treatment options are limited and generally have unsatisfactory results in most patients. Therapeutic apheresis (INUSpherese®) allows the removal of metabolic, inflammatory, immunologic and environmental contributors to the disease process and may be an effective treatment option. We reviewed the developments in therapeutic apheresis for metabolic and non-metabolic peripheral neuropathy, including the current literature as well as data from our university diabetes center.
Current Controversies in Sepsis Management
Authors: Moss Stephanie R. , Prescott Hallie C.
Published: December 2019

The overarching goals of early sepsis management include early recognition, appropriate antibiotic therapy and source control, maintenance of hemodynamic stability, and supportive care of organ dysfunction. Despite increasing awareness of the global burden of sepsis, and general agreement on the goals of management, there is ongoing controversy regarding the implementation of specific treatment strategies to optimize patient outcomes. This article will address five current points of controversy in the management of sepsis and septic shock. These include optimal timing of antibiotics in patients with potential sepsis, the role of glucocorticoids in septic shock, vitamin C as a novel therapy for sepsis, the ideal intravenous fluid for resuscitation, and the optimal balance of fluid resuscitation and vasopressor administration in septic shock. For each of these topics, we review relevant literature, discuss areas of controversy, and present our current approach to management.
Controversies Surrounding Renal Replacement Therapy in the Critically Ill Patient
Authors: Iacovella Gina M. , Kumar Neelja
Published: December 2019

Acute kidney injury (AKI) commonly occurs in the intensive care unit and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Patients with AKI often require initiation of dialysis to control electrolytes, metabolic abnormalities, and volume status. This review will discuss controversies in renal replacement therapy (RRT), including timing of dialysis initiation, dialysis modality and dose, nonrenal indications for dialysis, and the patient population best suited for RRT therapy.
Pain and Delirium in Critical Illness: An Exploration of Key 2018 SCCM PADIS Guideline Evidence Gaps
Authors: Pisani Margaret A. , Devlin John W. , Skrobik Yoanna
Published: December 2019

Managing pain and delirium are crucial to patients, families, and caregivers in intensive care units. The Society of Critical Care Medicine 2018 Pain, Agitation/Sedation, Delirium, Immobility, and Sleep disruption (PADIS) guidelines reviewed literature until October 2015 and made its recommendations for critically-ill adults. This chapter addresses evidence gaps, identified during the guideline process, most relevant to clinicians, adds newer evidence published after the PADIS 2018 guidelines were produced, describes hindsight-driven PADIS process or content-related gaps, and reflects on how these considerations may help inform future research investigations and new guideline efforts.
Impact of Travel Distance on Radiation Treatment Modality for Central Nervous System Disease
Authors: McClelland Shearwood , Mitin Timur , Jaboin Jerry J. , Ciporen Jeremy N.
Published: December 2019

Background Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has emerged as a popular alternative to conventional radiation therapy (RT) over the past 15 years. Unfortunately, the impact of patient distance from radiation treatment centers and utilization of SBRT versus conventional RT has been sparsely investigated. This report represents the first analysis of the impact of patient distance on radiation treatment modality for central nervous system (CNS) disease.

Materials and Methods Since the inception of our RADIation oncology And Neuro-Surgery (RADIANS) multidisciplinary clinic at a community hospital in 2016, 27 patients have received either SBRT or conventional RT as their sole radiation treatment modality for CNS disease. Twenty-four (88.9%) presented with metastatic disease. Fisher’s exact test evaluated the relationship between patient residence from treatment (in miles) and radiation treatment modality received.

Results Mean patient distance from our RADIANS clinic was 50.6 miles (median = 15.3). Twenty-one patients (77.8%) received SBRT; the remaining six received conventional RT. Mean patient distance from SBRT was 63.6 miles, and mean patient distance for conventional RT was 5.1 miles; this finding was statistically significant (p = 0.0433; 95% confidence interval = 1.9–115.1).

Conclusion Our findings indicate that patients with CNS disease who receive SBRT over conventional RT are statistically more likely to reside further from treatment centers. This is similar to findings of national studies comparing proton versus photon treatment for pediatric solid malignancies. The results from our work have implications for neuro-oncology treatment and the development of community hospital-based clinic models similar to RADIANS in the future.
Predicting drug-disease associations with heterogeneous network embedding
Authors: Yang Kai , Zhao Xingzhong , Waxman David , Zhao Xing-Ming
Published: December 2019

The prediction of drug-disease associations holds great potential for precision medicine in the era of big data and is important for the identification of new indications for existing drugs. The associations between drugs and diseases can be regarded as a complex heterogeneous network with multiple types of nodes and links. In this paper, we propose a method, namely HED (Heterogeneous network Embedding for Drug-disease association), to predict potential associations between drugs and diseases based on a drug-disease heterogeneous network. Specifically, with the heterogeneous network constructed from known drug-disease associations, HED employs network embedding to characterize drug-disease associations and then trains a classifier to predict novel potential drug-disease associations. The results on two real datasets show that HED outperforms existing popular approaches. Furthermore, some of our predictions have been verified by evidence from literature. For instance, carvedilol, a drug that was originally used for heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, and hypertension, is predicted to be useful for atrial fibrillation by HED, which is supported by clinical trials.
Effect of porosity on the settling behavior of a 2D elliptic particle in a narrow vessel: A lattice-Boltzmann simulation
Authors: Rezaee T. , Sadeghy K.
Published: December 2019

Dynamics of a single porous, rigid, two-dimensional (2D) elliptic particle settling in a narrow vertical channel filled with a Newtonian fluid is numerically studied using the lattice-Boltzmann method. The main objective of the work is to investigate the role played by the particle’s permeability on its trajectory, orientation, and terminal velocity when released from the rest state with prescribed initial conditions. Assuming that the flow induced in the fluid surrounding the particle is laminar, incompressible, isothermal, and two-dimensional, numerical results could be obtained over a wide range of parameter settings suggesting that permeability can strongly affect the modes of sedimentation reported in the literature for impermeable elliptic particles provided that the particle’s permeability is larger than a threshold. Above this threshold, permeability is predicted to increase the terminal velocity of the particle with its severity depending on the blockage ratio. It is also predicted that a permeable particle is less sensitive to initial orientation and position as compared with an impermeable particle.
A universal method to fabricate p-n or Schottky heterojunctions based on two-dimensional electron gas
Authors: Chen Yu , He Anpeng , Liu Guozhen , Zhao Run , Gao Ju , Jiang Yucheng
Published: December 2019

Two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) has been studied extensively because of its abundant physical properties, but no effort has been made to construct p-n or Schottky heterojunctions based on it. Here, we report a universal, practical Ar+-ion-bombardment assistant (AIBA) method to achieve a junction contact between a film of a p-type semiconductor (or metal) and 2DEG. Several materials have been attempted to verify the AIBA method, including a two-dimensional semiconductor (WSe2), an oxide superconductor (YBa2Cu3O7), an amorphous material (amorphous carbon) thin film, and a metal (Au). Despite different growth methods, all of the samples exhibit clear heterointerfaces and good rectifying behaviors, which indicates the formation of p-n and Schottky junctions. Different from the traditional methods to fabricate the vertical heterojunctions by layer-by-layer growth, the AIBA method enables us to achieve lateral heterojunctions, which may lead to remarkable physical properties. These as-fabricated heterostructures show significant photoconductivity at room temperature. This work paves the way for functional 2DEG-based devices with lateral heterojunctions.
Toward time-resolved laser T-jump/X-ray probe spectroscopy in aqueous solutions
Authors: Cannelli O. , Bacellar C. , Ingle R. A. , Bohinc R. , Kinschel D. , Bauer B. , Ferreira D. S. , Grolimund D. , Mancini G. F. , Chergui M.
Published: December 2019

Most chemical and biochemical reactions in nature and in industrial processes are driven by thermal effects that bring the reactants above the energy barrier for reaction. In aqueous solutions, this process can also be triggered by the laser driven temperature jump (T-jump) method, in which the water vibrational (stretch, bend, or combination) modes are excited by a short laser pulse, leading to a temperature increase in the irradiated volume within a few picoseconds. The combination of the laser T-jump with X-ray spectroscopic probes would add element-specificity as well as sensitivity to the structure, the oxidation state, and the spin state of the intermediates of reactions. Here, we present preliminary results of a near infrared pump/X-ray absorption spectroscopy probe to study the ligand exchange of an octahedral aqueous Cobalt complex, which is known to pass through intermediate steps yielding tetrahedral chlorinated as final species. The structural changes of the chemical reaction are monitored with great sensitivity, even in the presence of a mild local increase in temperature. This work opens perspectives for the study of non-light-driven reactions using time-resolved X-ray spectroscopic methods.
Coarse-graining of asymmetric discrete-time random walk on a one-dimensional lattice
Authors: Kalnin Juris R. , Berezhkovskii Alexander M.
Published: December 2019

Coarse-graining of an asymmetric nearest-neighbor discrete-time random walk on a one-dimensional lattice allows one to describe this random walk as biased one-dimensional diffusion. The latter is characterized by two parameters: the drift velocity and diffusivity. There is a general expression giving the drift velocity as a function of the parameters determining the random walk. However, a corresponding expression for the diffusivity is known only for the particular case where the random walk escapes from the lattice site at every time step. In this work, we generalize this result and derive an expression for the diffusivity, assuming that the random walk does not necessarily leave the site, and therefore, its mean lifetime on the site can be longer than the time step.
Stack structure and temperature dependence of spin-orbit torques in heterostructures with antiferromagnetic PtMn
Authors: Itoh Ryuichi , Takeuchi Yutaro , DuttaGupta Samik , Fukami Shunsuke , Ohno Hideo
Published: December 2019

We evaluate the stack structure and temperature dependence of the spin–orbit torques (SOTs) in metallic antiferromagnet (AFM)/ferromagnet (FM) PtMn/CoFeB heterostructures using an extended harmonic Hall measurement. We show that PtMn/CoFeB exhibits sizable Slonczewski-like and fieldlike SOTs whose magnitude is comparable to that of heterostructures with nonmagnetic heavy metals like Pt or Ta. We also find that the SOTs in our PtMn/CoFeB structures are virtually constant with temperature. The findings will offer clues to understand the generation mechanism of SOTs in AFM/FM systems and pave the way for nonvolatile memory and neuromorphic computing applications.
Large eddy simulations of a turbulent channel flow with a deforming wall undergoing high steepness traveling waves
Authors: Akbarzadeh Amir M. , Borazjani Iman
Published: December 2019

Backward traveling waves over a wall of a fully developed turbulent channel are known to reduce the drag coefficient, flow separation, and turbulence intensity. Based on previous studies of traveling waves with a small steepness (s = a/λ < 0.0625, a: nondimensional amplitude, λ: nondimensional wavelength), it is thought that the nondimensional wave-speed (C = C*/U*, C*: dimensional wave-speed, U*: mean channel velocity) is required to be more than one to have a zero net drag and a high reduction in the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). This idea is tested here for waves with higher wave steepness (0.05 < s < 0.15) at various wave-speeds using large eddy simulations of a fully developed turbulent channel in which one wall is undergoing a traveling wave. It is found that the increase in wave steepness decreases the wave-speed at which a net zero drag is obtained, e.g., for waves with steepness of s = 0.05, 0.075, and 0.15, the wave-speed is, approximately, C = 1.6 ± 0.1, 0.9 ± 0.1, and 0.7 ± 0.1, respectively. Similarly, the increase in wave steepness decreases the wave-speed at which TKE of the flow in the vicinity of the wave is highly reduced, e.g., qualitatively minimized. In fact, the wave-speeds at which the high reduction in TKE is observed in this study are C = 1.2, 1.2, and 0.6 for waves with wave steepness of 0.05, 0.075, and 0.15, respectively.
Deformation dynamics and breakup criteria of confined fluid threads in motion
Authors: Wang Bo , Zhang Shuai , Chen Xiaodong
Published: December 2019

Experiments are carried out to study the breakup of moving fluid threads tightly confined in circular microchannels. A configuration with two flow-focusing channel junctions is used to control lengths and deformations of fluid threads at the first and second junctions, respectively. As fluid threads move and deform simultaneously at the second junction, the final outcomes (nonbreakup, single breakup, and double breakup) depend on the combination of three flow rates. The regime diagram for different outcomes is obtained, and the critical geometrical condition for the transition between nonbreakup and breakup is then identified from the deformation dynamics of the neck section. A theoretical analysis is then carried out to predict critical values of characteristic geometries for the transition between nonbreakup and breakup. The predictions of the critical initial thread length and the length of the first thread after breakup show good agreement with experimental measurements.
Are disturbance separation distances derived from single species applicable to mixed-species shorebird flocks?
Authors: Linley Grant D. , Guay Patrick-Jean , Weston Michael A.
Published: December 2019

Abstract
ContextHuman disturbance threatens many bird species worldwide. Flight-initiation distances (FIDs) offer a scientific basis for separation distances between fauna and agents of disturbance, such as people. However, most available FIDs are from single-species groups. Multi-species flocks have received scant attention with regard to their FIDs; yet, they are extremely common in nature.
AimTo examine suitable separation distances for mixed-species shorebird flocks by comparing single-species FIDs with those of the same species in mixed-species flocks.
MethodWe examined FIDs in mixed- and single-species flocks of four shorebirds (double-banded plover, Charadrius bicinctus, red-capped plover, Charadrius ruficapillus, red-necked stint, Calidris ruficollis, and curlew sandpiper, Calidris ferruginea). FIDs were collected in comparable habitat and sites with similar (i.e. highly restricted) regimes of human occurrence.
ResultsFIDs of single-species flocks of these species differed in their FID to an approaching walker. Different species permutations in mixed-species flocks resulted in different FIDs. FIDs of mixed-species flocks were lower than or the same as the FIDs of single-species groups of constituent species.
Conclusions and implicationsIn our study system, separation distances (e.g. buffers; zones that exclude humans to reduce shorebird disturbance) based on FIDs of single species also would be efficacious for mixed-species flocks containing those species.
Influence of the grip width on the reliability and magnitude of different velocity variables during the bench press exercise
Authors: Pérez‐Castilla Alejandro , Martínez‐García Dario , Jerez‐Mayorga Daniel , Rodríguez‐Perea Ángela , Chirosa‐Ríos Luis Javier , García‐Ramos Amador
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to compare the within‐session reliability and magnitude of velocity variables recorded against a range of submaximal loads during the bench press (BP) exercise performed in a Smith machine using different grip widths. Sixteen physically active men (BP one‐repetition maximum [1RM] relative to body mass = 1.01 ± 0.19 kg·kg−1) were randomly tested on 4 sessions using a close grip width (100% of biacromial width), medium grip width (150% of biacromial width), wide grip width (200% of biacromial width), and self‐selected grip width (176 ± 17% of biacromial width). Mean velocity (MV), maximum velocity (Vmax), and vertical displacement were recorded with a linear velocity transducer against the 35%1RM, 55%1RM, and 75%1RM. The main findings revealed that (I) the self‐selected was the only grip width with an acceptable reliability for all loads and velocity variables (CV ≤ 7.56%; ICC ≥ 0.82), (II) the medium grip width provided the highest reliability for MV (CV ratio ≥ 1.20), while a comparable reliability was observed for Vmax using the close, medium and self‐selected grip widths (CV ratio ≤ 1.08), (III) the Vmax showed the highest reliability for all grip widths (CV ratio = 1.68), and (IV) the MV and vertical displacement of the barbell were generally higher for narrow grip widths (close and medium) compared to the wide and self‐selected grip widths, while no significant differences between the grip widths were observed for Vmax (p > .05). Taken together, we recommend the assessment of Vmax using a self‐selected grip width during the routine testing of BP performance against submaximal loads.
Buckle up: Membrane tension drives lamellipodial network compression and adhesion deposition
Authors: Keren Kinneret , Shemesh Tom
Published: December 2019

Whether to spread on a surface or to crawl, cells must apply traction forces to the underlying substrate via adhesion complexes. In this issue, Pontes et al. (2017. J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201611117) shed new light on how the interplay among membrane tension, the lamellipodial actin network, and adhesions coordinate the dynamics of spreading fibroblasts.
Physics beyond colliders at CERN: beyond the Standard Model working group report
Authors: Beacham J , Burrage C , Curtin D , De Roeck A , Evans J , Feng J L , Gatto C , Gninenko S , Hartin A , Irastorza I , Jaeckel J , Jungmann K , Kirch K , Kling F , Knapen S , Lamont M , Lanfranchi G , Lazzeroni C , Lindner A , Martinez-Vidal F , Moulson M , Neri N , Papucci M , Pedraza I , Petridis K , Pospelov M , Rozanov A , Ruoso G , Schuster P , Semertzidis Y , Spadaro T , Vallée C , Wilkinson G
Published: December 2019

The Physics Beyond Colliders initiative is an exploratory study aimed at exploiting the full scientific potential of the CERN’s accelerator complex and scientific infrastructures through projects complementary to the LHC and other possible future colliders. These projects will target fundamental physics questions in modern particle physics. This document presents the status of the proposals presented in the framework of the Beyond Standard Model physics working group, and explore their physics reach and the impact that CERN could have in the next 10–20 years on the international landscape.
Photoluminescence of ZnO/ZnMgO heterostructure nanobelts grown by MBE
Authors: Kennedy Oscar W , Zapf Maximilian , Audinot Jean-Nicolas , Pal Soupitak , Eswara Santhana , Wirtz Tom , Ronning Carsten , Warburton Paul A
Published: December 2019

ZnO nanobelts may grow with their polar axis perpendicular to growth direction. Heterostructured nanobelts therefore contain hetero-interfaces along the polar axis of ZnO where polarisation mismatch may induce electron confinement. These interfaces run along the length of the nanobelts. Such heterostructure nanobelts are grown by molecular beam epitaxy and TEM images confirm the core–shell structure. The effects of shell-growth temperature on nano-heterostructures is investigated using photoluminescence and secondary ion mass spectrometry in a focussed ion-beam microscope with Ne+ as the primary ion beam. We perform low temperature photoluminescence on ensembles of such heterostructures and single nanostructures. We show how single nanobelts have photoluminescence spectra rich in features and attribute these to band misalignment at ZnO/ZnMgO interfaces embedded within nano-heterostructures.
Graded elastic metasurface for enhanced energy harvesting
Authors: De Ponti Jacopo M , Colombi Andrea , Ardito Raffaele , Braghin Francesco , Corigliano Alberto , Craster Richard V
Published: December 2019

In elastic wave systems, combining the powerful concepts of resonance and spatial grading within structured surface arrays enable resonant metasurfaces to exhibit broadband wave trapping, mode conversion from surface (Rayleigh) waves to bulk (shear) waves, and spatial frequency selection. Devices built around these concepts allow for precise control of surface waves, often with structures that are subwavelength, and utilise Rainbow trapping that separates the signal spatially by frequency. Rainbow trapping yields large amplifications of displacement at the resonator positions where each frequency component accumulates. We investigate whether this amplification, and the associated control, can be used to create energy harvesting devices; the potential advantages and disadvantages of using graded resonant devices as energy harvesters is considered. We concentrate upon elastic plate models for which the A
0 mode dominates, and take advantage of the large displacement amplitudes in graded resonant arrays of rods, to design innovative metasurfaces that trap waves for enhanced piezoelectric energy harvesting. Numerical simulation allows us to identify the advantages of such graded metasurface devices and quantify its efficiency, we also develop accurate models of the phenomena and extend our analysis to that of an elastic half-space and Rayleigh surface waves.
Utilizing Sabang sea urchin shell as an inexpensive and alternative heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel synthesis
Authors: Hayati Z , Ramli M , Mitaphonna R , Nadia Y , Lubis S , Amraini
Published: December 2019

This research is focused on the utilization of sea urchin shells collected from Sabang island, Aceh, Indonesia as raw material for heterogeneous catalyst preparation and Its catalytic study on transesterification reaction of palm oil and methanol to produce fatty acid methyl esters which referred as biodiesel compound. The catalyst was prepared through thermal decomposition method, namely, it was calcined at 900°C in air atmosphere for 4 h and modified with various concentration of potassium element (5, 10, and 20wt.%) as dopant substance using impregnation process. The characterization results using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) proved that the produced catalyst was dominated by CaO crystals, in which MgO was detected as a minor compound. Another characterization using Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) showed that the produced catalyst has been homogeneous formation on their morphology. Finally, in order to have scientific information regarding its catalytic activity, the prepared catalyst was successfully applied to the transesterification reaction of palm oil and methanol resulting in ricinoleic methyl esters as the main biodiesel product.
Effect of heating using autoclave and microwave on the quality of rice bran as food material
Authors: Panjaitan R F , Febriani  , Helwati H
Published: December 2019

Rice bran is an epidermis of rice produced from 10 - 12% of the rice milling process. Rice bran is susceptible to fat damage due to enzymatic and oxidative processes that cause rancidity, therefore a further process such as heating is needed for stabilization. This study is using the factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) method, the variables are the type of heating method (autoclave and microwave) and heating duration. Autoclaving (30 min at 75°C) yielded best content value. The heated rice bran has 2.89% water content, 5.79% ash content, 13.87% protein, 7.24% crude fat, 2.68% dietary fibre, 2.04% free fatty acids, and 0.85% peroxides. The contents of free fatty acids, peroxide value, and proximate value from heated rice bran are better than untreated rice bran (control).
Interpretation of gravity satellite data to delineate structural features connected to geothermal resources at Bur Ni Geureudong geothermal field
Authors: Putri D R , Nanda M , Rizal S , Idroes R , Ismail N
Published: December 2019

The gravity method is broadly used in analyzing potential geothermal studies. The method can be used for determining potential areas, reservoir locations, and geological structure investigation. In this paper, satellite gravity data was applied for better understand the geological conditions connected with the geothermal system of Bur Ni Geureudong geothermal field, Bener Meriah District, Aceh, Indonesia. Open access Free Air anomaly data were provided by satellite geodesy information with 1 minute-grid. The data were reduced to obtain Bouguer anomaly distribution in the study area. Tilt derivative (TDR) technique was applied to Bouguer anomaly to enhance linear trends of geological structures. The aim of this analytical technique is able to clearly display faults correlated with geothermal manifestations around the Bur Ni Geureudong geothermal field. The complete Bouguer anomaly range of 20 mGal up to 170 mGal covers Bur Ni Geureudong volcano complex. A low Bouguer anomaly is located in all summits of volcanoes that are included in Bur Ni Geureudong Volcano Complex; those are summits of Bur Geureudong volcano, Bur Ni Telong Volcano, Pepanji Mountain, and Salah Nama Mountain. The low Bouguer anomaly is associated with the andesitic flow and volcanic ashes. The higher Bouguer Anomaly is reflected in high-density basement rock in the west of Geureudong Volcano. Tilt derivative (TDR) shows geological structures more detail, particularly, the tilt derivative (TDR) clearly detects two fault structures over the study area presented by a tilt value of zero. The results will be useful as basic information in exploration study of Bur Ni Geureudong geothermal field.
Preliminary study of bioethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae BTCC12 utilizing hydrolysis products of Dioscorea hispida tubers
Authors: Irmayadani  , Iqbalsyah T M , Yopi  , Febriani
Published: December 2019

Dioscorea hispida is an underutilised plant despite its high carbohydrate content. This study used D. hispida starch as the raw material for bioethanol production by employing Separated Hydrolysis Fermentation (SHF) technique. Initially, the starch was used as the sole carbon source for Aspergillus awamori KT-11 to produce amylases. The optimum enzyme activity (7.4 U/ml) was observed at 96 h fermentation. The enzymes were further used to hydrolyse D. hispida starch. The optimum condition for the hydrolysis was achieved at 6 h when using a mixture of starch and enzyme with a ratio of 1:6 (w/v). Thin-layer chromatography results showed that the main hydrolysis product was glucose. The hydrolysates were then used by Saccharomyces cerevisiae BTCC12 as the medium for bioethanol fermentation. HPLC analysis showed that the optimum ethanol concentration was 0.37 g/L after 6 h fermentation while the reducing sugar concentration was only 2.9% of the initial. The results provide a solid basis for further studies to optimise bioethanol fermentation utilising D. hispida as the substrate.
Utilization of banana peel waste for citric acid production by Aspergillus niger
Authors: Khairan K , Makstum A , Yulvizar C
Published: December 2019

The potential of Banana peel waste of Pisang Ayam (Musa acuminata), Pisang Raja (Musa Paradisiacacv. Raja genom AAB), and Pisang Nipah (Musa balbisiana) as substrat for citric acid production byAspergilus nigerhave been investigated. The main purpose of this research was to determine the percentages of citric acid production, pH, and total biomass at differences of media of banana peel waste. The results showed that the percentages of citric acid production using media ofMusa acuminata, Musa Paradisiacacv. Raja genom AAB andMusa balbisianawere 58.80, 69.84, and 46.80% respectively. The pH values of each media were 2.50, 1.50, and 2.0 respectively. The results also founded that the total biomass of each media were 2.442, 2.649, and 2.407 respectively. Overall, the results showed that banana peel waste ofMusa Paradisiacaproduce the highest amount of citric acid after 240 h fermentation.
Analysis of Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus Albacares) fisheries management in the waters of North Aceh
Authors: Aprianty  , Indra  , Sofyan
Published: December 2019

This study describes bioeconomic analysis of resource utilization yellowfin tuna on various management regimes through Gordon Schaefer’s Model with Fox algorithm biological parameter estimation model. The purpose of this study was to analyze the biological and economic aspects of the level of utilization of yellowfin tuna resources. The study was conducted at the Kutaraja Fishing Port in Banda Aceh by survey method. The results showed the intrinsic growth (r) was 0.87607 tons per year, the catchability coefficient (q) was 0.00016 tons per year, the carrying capacity was 6.873.10 tons per year, the cost (c) was 17.55 million per trip (IDR) and price (p) is 34.94 million per ton (IDR). Based on these parameters, the management regime at the time of MSY obtained the production level (h) of 1.505.33 tons per year, the effort amounted to 2,771.58 trips per year and the economic rent (π) of 3,955.15 billion per year (IDR). In MEY conditions, the production rate (h) is 1,183.48 tons per year, the effort is 1,490.01 trips per year, and the economic rent (π) is 15,199.41 billion per year (IDR). In the condition of management of open access production (h) is 1,496.82 tons per year with an effort of 2,980.03 trips per year and economic rent of 0 (IDR). The static parameter analysis shows that the utilization of yellowfin tuna in North Aceh waters is economical overfishing and biological overfishing.
Energy dependence of Cl emission lines in CO2 laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Sari A M , Lahna K , Idris N , Ramli M , Kurihara K
Published: December 2019

Chlorine (Cl) detection using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) techniques in geology and environment samples is still challenging since the experimental conditions greatly influence the analytical performance of LIBS. Cl emission in LIBS must be studied carefully to find the optimum condition to allow Cl detection. In the present study, Cl emission was studied from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sample containing Cl as major element. A Transversely Excited Atmosphere (TEA) carbon dioxide (CO2) laser was used for inducing plasma from the sample. Cl emission was investigated by varying the experimental conditions, especially energy of the laser pulse. The emission spectrum from the consequent plasma was detected using an Optical Multichannel Analyzer (OMA) system. It was found that Cl emission lines only can be obtained when helium was used as the surrounding gas. The strongest emission line of Cl I 837.59 nm in the infrared region cannot be detected even under helium surrounding gas. Instead, many ionic emission lines of Cl in ultraviolet regions including the strong ionic lines (Cl II 479.45 nm, Cl II 481.00 nm, Cl II 481.94 nm and the weak lines (Cl II 476. 86 nm, Cl II 478.13 nm, Cl II 489.67 nm, Cl II 490.47 nm and Cl II 491.77 nm) can unequivocally be detected. It was also found that the intensity of Cl emission lines critically depends on the energy of the laser pulse, namely the emission intensity of Cl lines increases sharply with energy. In present work, the highest intensity of Cl emission lines was obtained when the energy of the laser pulse was about 2500 mJ, giving strong and clear Cl emission lines with low background and relatively high signal to background ratio of more than 3.
Experimental investigation of a cold storage box with Aceh locally produced hydrated salt as phase change materials: effect of salt treatment
Authors: Gunawati  , Noor N , Sebayang K , Setiawan A
Published: December 2019

This investigation aims to study heat transfer rates and temperature changes within a 5 litter cold box enveloped with water-salt solution as phase change material (PCM). The study begins with design and fabrication of a cold box followed by performance tests. Salt sample was collected from a traditional producer in Aceh Besar District, Indonesia. In order to understand the effect of pre-treatment, some of samples were heated at 400 and 600°C for 30 min and compare it with those untreated. Salt solution of each samples was prepared by adding 10 wt.% of salt into water and filled into eight PCM bottles. PCM charging procedure was performed in a refrigerator for 12 h. By placing eight bottle of PCM into the cold-box, thermal energy discharging process was monitored by using four thermocouples. The changes in temperature were recorded for eight hours. In general, result shows that pre-treatment of salt results in a positive effect on thermal energy storage capacity. The best performance of cold storage system was exhibited by PCM made of salt treated at 600 °C where the rate of temperature change within eight hours experiment is 0.055 °C/min.