bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
253. La pandemia y el Geoforo Iberoamericano en 2020
Authors: Campo País Benito , Fita Esteve Sara , Martínez Camarena María , Souto González Xosé Manuel
Published: April 2021

La pandemia de la COVID-19, que nos afecta desde los primeros meses de 2020, ha modificado nuestras costumbres y rutinas. Y también la manera de relacionarnos en los medios escolares y universitarios. Desde el Geoforo Iberoamericano sobre Educación, Geografía y Sociedad hemos considerado que se abría una oportunidad para re-pensar los problemas sociales y ambientales que condicionan nuestra cotidianidad. Desde el estudio de situaciones particulares hemos querido definir los problemas intelectuales que sean susceptibles de ser trabajados en las aulas. Esta consideración es fruto de la evolución que venimos manteniendo desde 2008 y que se valoró en el Coloquio de 2019 en Bogotá, del cual también damos cuenta en este artículo. Constancia y coherencia en una tarea de largo recorrido, para la que nos gustaría contar con aquellas personas que entienden que la educación escolar sirve para explicar los factores profundos y ocultos que determinan nuestro comportamiento en el espacio local y global.
Adquisició del llenguatge i comprensió emocional en infants amb sordesa
Authors: Sidera Caballero Francesc , Perpiñà Georgina , Serrat Elisabet
Published: April 2021

La majoria d’infants amb sordesa fills de pares oients presenten mancances en l’àmbit lingüístic i comunicatiu, a causa d’un possible accés limitat al llenguatge i a un entorn conversacional empobrit. Aquestes dificultats lingüístiques i comunicatives dels infants amb sordesa, que poden existir malgrat la utilització d’ajudes auditives, poden repercutir en diversos aspectes del seu desenvolupament. En particular, poden influir negativament en la seva capacitat de comprendre les emocions pròpies i alienes, i en conseqüència, també el seu funcionament social, el seu benestar i l’èxit acadèmic. En aquesta línia, aquest article se centra en intentar explicar de quina manera les diferents característiques de la sordesa i del seu entorn, així com de la interacció entre ambdós, poden implicar deficiències en l’input lingüístic i conversacional que afecten les seves habilitats lingüístiques i comunicatives. A la vegada, pretenem mostrar com les mancances en aquestes habilitats lingüístiques poden implicar dificultats en diferents aspectes de la comprensió emocional dels infants amb sordesa, que poden allargar-se fins a l’etapa adulta. A més, es revisen algunes investigacions que aporten idees rellevants sobre com millorar la capacitat de comprensió emocional dels infants amb sordesa, que se centren sobretot en la utilització d’estratègies conversacionals per ajudar els infants a comprendre les emocions de les persones en diferents situacions.
El lenguaje en los alumnos con Trastorno por Déficit de Atención y/o Hiperactividad
Authors: Pérez-Castelló Josep A. , Alvarado-Alonso Helena
Published: April 2021

L’objectiu d’aquest article és resumir i sintetitzar aquells articles actuals més significatius relacionats amb el llenguatge dels alumnes amb Trastorn per Dèficit d’Atenció i/o Hiperactivitat (TDAH). S’analitza la literatura publicada sobre aquest tema en l’última dècada. Es pot observar aquí com encara no existeix un acord respecte de si el llenguatge en les persones amb TDAH està afectat o no. No obstant això, la majoria de les recerques més recents semblen mostrar que sí que ho està. En aquest treball es recomana que, quan existeixi una sospita de TDAH, es faci una avaluació dels components del llenguatge i, si és necessari, una intervenció. També s’explica com hauria de ser el procediment d’avaluació i intervenció.
Les variables socials com a factors de risc, factors de protecció i dificultats consegüents al trastorn del desenvolupament del llenguatge: Una visió holística
Authors: Valera Pozo Mario , Adrover-Roig Daniel , Aguilar-Mediavilla Eva
Published: April 2021

El trastorn del desenvolupament del llenguatge (TDL) es defineix com una dificultat persistent del llenguatge que afecta la vida de les persones que el pateixen. Entre els factors de risc i protecció més freqüents d’aquest trastorn es troben el gènere, la prematuritat o una possible càrrega genètica. No obstant això, existeix també un altre conjunt de factors socials que es relacionen amb el TDL. Aquestes variables socials inclouen elements familiars, socioculturals i econòmics que afecten especialment la qualitat i quantitat de l’estimulació lingüística que rep l’infant, i influeixen en l’adquisició del llenguatge i el seu desenvolupament. En aquest article abordem, des d’una visió holística i integradora, el conjunt d’aquestes variables, el seu funcionament com a factors de risc i de protecció davant el TDL i la seva afectació per la presència del trastorn.
La relació entre la Diputació i els Estaments com a institucions representatives del Regne de València durant el segle XVII. Una cooperació necessària.
Authors: Fuertes Broseta Miquel
Published: April 2021

La representació política del Regne de València ha estat motiu d’un complex i interessant debat historiogràfic. Sovint, les diferències institucionals amb els altres dos territoris peninsulars de la Corona d’Aragó han provocat malentesos. Amb aquest treball ens endinsem en la disputa i mostrem que, llevat d’alguns moments puntuals, realment no va existir. Estaments i Diputació passaven de col·laborar a enfrontar-se i a la inversa amb tota normalitat, per això cal veure quina era la dinàmica general de la relació; per fer-ho hem recopilat documentació que inclou un llarg període, del 1598 al 1707, i les dades obtingudes ens permeten aportar informació per a més d’un segle en què els moments de col·laboració van ser molts més que els d’enfrontament.
Comparison of photoacoustic imaging and histopathological examination in determining the dimensions of 52 human melanomas and nevi ex vivo
Authors: Hult Jenny , Merdasa Aboma , Pekar-Lukacs Agnes , Tordengren Stridh Magne , Khodaverdi Azin , Albinsson John , Gesslein Bodil , Dahlstrand Ulf , Engqvist Linn , Hamid Yousef , Larsson Albèr Douglas , Persson Bertil , Erlöv Tobias , Sheikh Rafi , Cinthio Magnus , Malmsjö Malin
Published: April 2021

Surgical excision followed by histopathological examination is the gold standard for the diagnosis and staging of melanoma. Reoperations and unnecessary removal of healthy tissue could be reduced if non-invasive imaging techniques were available for presurgical tumor delineation. However, no technique has gained widespread clinical use to date due to shallow imaging depth or the absence of functional imaging capability. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a novel technology that combines the strengths of optical and ultrasound imaging to reveal the molecular composition of tissue at high resolution. Encouraging results have been obtained from previous animal and human studies on melanoma, but there is still a lack of clinical data. This is the largest study of its kind to date, including 52 melanomas and nevi. 3D multiwavelength PA scanning was performed ex vivo, using 59 excitation wavelengths from 680 nm to 970 nm. Spectral unmixing over this broad wavelength range, accounting for the absorption of several tissue chromophores, provided excellent contrast between healthy tissue and tumor. Combining the results of spectral analysis with spatially resolved information provided a map of the tumor borders in greater detail than previously reported. The tumor dimensions determined with PA imaging were strongly correlated with those determined by histopathological examination for both melanomas and nevi.
Despite the ongoing pandemic, OSA staff, topical editors, and reviewers maintain JOSA B’s high standards: editorial
Authors: Busch Kurt
Published: April 2021

Editor-in-Chief Kurt Busch introduces the Journal’s newest topical editors against the backdrop of the global pandemic.
Colloidal quantum dots lasing and coupling in 2D holographic photonic quasicrystals
Authors: Hayat Anwer , Cui Libin , Liang Han , Zhang Shuai , zhiyang Xu , Khan Muhammad Ali , Aziz Gohar , Zhai Tianrui
Published: April 2021

Global research on the solution-processable colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) constitutes outstanding model systems in nanoscience, micro-lasers, and optoelectronic devices due to tunable color, low cost, and wet chemical processing. The two-dimensional (2D) CQDs quasicrystal lasers are more efficient in providing coherent lasing due to radiation feedback, high-quality-factor optical mode, and long-range rotational symmetry. Here, we have fabricated a 2D quasicrystal exhibiting 10-fold rotational symmetry by using a specially design pentagonal prism in the optical setup of a simple and low-cost holographic lithography. We developed a general analytical model based on the cavity coupling effect, which can be used to explain the underlying mechanism responsible for the multi-wavelength lasing in the fabricated 2D CQDs holographic photonic quasicrystal. The multi-wavelength surface-emitting lasers such as λ0 = 629.27 nm, λ1 = 629.85 nm, λ−1 = 629.06 nm, λ2 = 630.17 nm, and λ−2 = 628.76 with a coupling constant κ = 0.38 achieved from the 2D holographic photonic quasicrystal are approximately similar with the developed analytical model based on cavity coupling effect. Moreover, the lasing patterns of the 2D CQDs photonic quasicrystal laser exhibit a symmetrical polarization effect by rotating the axis of polarization with a difference of 1200 angle in a round trip. We expect that our findings will provide a new approach to customize the 2D CQDs holographic photonic quasicrystal lasers in the field of optoelectronic devices and miniature lasing systems.
Amplification of 1.08 GHz repetition rate femtosecond laser pulses to 97 W average power by a fiber amplifier
Authors: Wang Yan , Liu Yizhou , Zhang Zhigang , Kaertner Franz
Published: April 2021

We demonstrate a femtosecond Yb:fiber laser amplification system which delivers 97 W average output power at a repetition rate of 1.08 GHz using a rod-type photonic crystal fiber. The re-compressed output pulse is 233 fs. Numerical simulation was also conducted in agreement with our experimental results.
Prevalence and determinants of severity levels of anemia among children aged 6–59 months in sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel ordinal logistic regression analysis
Authors: Tesema Getayeneh Antehunegn , Worku Misganaw Gebrie , Tessema Zemenu Tadesse , Teshale Achamyeleh Birhanu , Alem Adugnaw Zeleke , Yeshaw Yigizie , Alamneh Tesfa Sewunet , Liyew Alemneh Mekuriaw
Published: April 2021

Background

Anemia is a major public health problem affecting more than half of children under the age of five globally. It has serious short- and long-term consequences including growth retardation, impaired motor and cognitive development, and increased morbidity and mortality. Despite anemia is the leading cause of child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, there is limited evidence on the prevalence and determinants of anemia among under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and determinants of severity levels of anemia among children aged 6–59 months in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods

This study was based on the most recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data of 32 sub-Saharan African countries. A total weighted sample of 135,619 children aged 6–59 months was included in the study. Considering the hierarchical nature of DHS data and the ordinal nature of anemia, a multilevel ordinal logistic regression model was applied. Proportional odds assumption was tested by Brant test and it was satisfied (p-value = 0.091). Besides, deviance was used for model comparison. Variables with a p-value ≤0.2 in the bivariable analysis were considered for the multivariable analysis. In the multivariable multilevel proportional odds model, the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were reported for potential determinant factors of severity levels of anemia.

Results

The overall prevalence of anemia among children aged 6–59 months in sub-Saharan Africa was 64.1% [95% CI: 63.9%, 64.4%]. Of which, 26.2% were mildly anemic, 34.9% moderately anemic and 3% severely anemic. Poor maternal education, lower household wealth status, large family size, being male child, multiple births, having fever in the last two weeks, having diarrhea in the last two weeks, higher-order birth, maternal anemia, underweight, wasted, and stunted were significantly associated with increased odds of higher levels of anemia. Whereas, being 24–59 months age, taking drugs for an intestinal parasite, and born from mothers aged ≥ 20 years were significantly associated with lower odds of higher levels of anemia.

Conclusion

Severity levels of anemia among children aged 6–59 months in sub-Saharan Africa was a major public health problem. Enhancing maternal education, providing drugs for an intestinal parasite, designing interventions that address maternal anemia, febrile illness, and diarrheal disease, and strengthening the economic status of the family are recommended to reduce childhood anemia. Furthermore, it is better to strengthen the strategies of early detection and management of stunted, wasted, and underweight children to decrease childhood anemia.
Sleep and subjective happiness between the ages 40 and 59 in relation to presbyopia and dry eye
Authors: Negishi Kazuno , Ayaki Masahiko , Kawashima Motoko , Tsubota Kazuo
Published: April 2021

Purpose

The aim of this study was to explore the status of quality of life between the ages 40–59 in relation to presbyopia and dry eye.

Methods

Near add power and preferred contact lens power were examined in 219 participants at three clinics. 2000 participants completed a web-based survey on presbyopic symptoms, symptomatic dry eye, sleep quality, and subjective happiness.

Results

Mean preferred corrected visual acuity was less than 20/20 in women (vs men, P<0.01) who were more often prescribed under-corrected contact lenses, whereas men preferred full correction. According to the annual progression rate of near add power in men (0.1468D/year), the estimated difference in presbyopia progression between men and women was 0.75 years in the right eye, and 1.69 years in the left eye, implying men might suffer presbyopia earlier than women due to higher myopic power of daily use contact lenses. The web-based survey revealed that men reported lower subjective happiness than women (P<0.001) and earlier onset of presbyopic symptoms by 1.1–1.7 years (P<0.05). Men received their first reading glasses 0.8 years earlier than women (P = 0.066). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that awareness of presbyopic symptoms, visual burden, and dry eyes were significantly correlated with poor sleep quality and subjective happiness.

Conclusion

Presbyopia and dry eye were significantly associated with sleep quality and subjective happiness in middle-adulthood.
Consumers’ participation in information-related activities on social media
Authors: Nam Su-Jung , Hwang Hyesun
Published: April 2021

This study examined the relationship between consumers’ characteristics and social media use, focusing on consumers’ information-related activities such as creating content, sharing information, and providing feedback on information. The results showed that consumers’ creating content, sharing information, and providing of feedback on information were affected by their digital literacy, need for cognition, and self-esteem. Information literacy and need for cognition had positive effects on engagement in these information-related activities, but self-esteem exerted a negative effect.
Manaakitanga and the academy
Authors: Author Collective K.I.N.
Published: April 2021

Critical to all aspects of academic life, academic hospitality is said to be key to creating healthy learning communities. Yet, for many outsiders, strangers and newcomers, academia can be a sight of asserting territory and superiority. Students and academics are trained to function within an institutionalized setting where success is measured through the rigid rigour of scientific enquiry and rewarded on an individual basis. The solitary journey that is heralded by the academic institution fails to recognize the fundamental need for belonging, community and kinship, leaving limited space within the academy in which to practice manaakitanga or hospitality. We argue that the Māori concept of manaakitanga not only captures the virtuous elements of hospitality, namely generosity, openness and hospitableness, that can often be excluded in hospitality literature but also serves as a mechanism for resistance in a context that serves to fragment and divide. In this article, we draw on our personal and collective experiences to describe ways in which Indigenous worldviews and perspectives are commonly met with hostility in academia. We detail our response to such inhospitality through the formation of ‘Knowledge in Indigenous Networks’ (K.I.N.), an Indigenous academic collective that is underpinned by manaakitanga. We conclude this article by identifying six sites for critical engagement with the notion of academic hospitality that will assist academic institutions to enact the value of manaakitanga.
Are the Robots Going to Take Our Jobs? This Is How American and Hungarian Economists of Generations Y and Z Conceive the Impact of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Dióssy Kitti
Published: April 2021

This paper examines how American and Hungarian economists of generation Y and Z view the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) in the short and long term. The choice of topic is motivated by the integration of AI into our everyday lives. Research has been carried out in human resources and social perspectives. Based on the responses of 147 Hungarian and 105 American economists surveyed within the framework of an online, anonymous questionnaire method, a positive vision emerges for young economists. They were confident in the social and economic welfare effects of AI. No significant difference can be found between the thinking of the two generations and the opinion of the nations. The most important conclusion from the empirical results is that AI does not take away the job of economists, but transforms it, and supports to appreciate the virtues of human resources. Accordingly, employers need to develop a shortand long-term action plan to secure their employees’ future.
Learning Organizations and Organizational Digital Competencies in the Field of Public Education
Authors: Fazekas Nóra
Published: April 2021

In a constantly changing social, technological, and economic environment, schools not only need to adapt but to learn continuously. One of the most significant and most current fields of school learning in Hungary and worldwide is one of the digital competencies. In this paper, I present the concept of digital competencies and the learning organization, offering an overview of different interpretations and frameworks and draw connections between them. The study suggests interrelations between schools’ learning organizational and digital competence capacities and proposes future empirical research on the topic.
Comparative Analysis of Change Management Models Based on an Exploratory Literature Review
Authors: Bekmukhambetova Anara
Published: April 2021

Nowadays, a lot of companies are faced with the urgency of change in their daily operations. This is especially relevant in modern business development conditions when constant changes are considered critical for a company to adapt to market requirements and the global economic situation. The paper presents the audit of the most famous change management models. Change management is an endless cycle, and it requires a sound vision, plan, time, aptitudes, inspiration, monetary and automatic endeavors to execute the change. Successful change management is a venture and contributes to a hierarchical turn of events. There are a few models of change management available and choosing the right change management model is vital for leading or guiding productive and smooth transitions. The main goal of this paper is to describe the main differences between the well-known change management models by reviewing the relevant literature. The analysis led to the conclusion that it is impossible to pick up an optimal approach to change management. Every approach to change management attracts attention to various aspects of this problem; however, they do not exclude but complement each other.
Stratégiai döntések etikai felelőssége (I. rész)
Authors: Barakonyi Károly
Published: April 2021

A szerző dolgozatában az etikai döntések felelősségének egyre fokozódó jelentőségét mutatja be. Ma már nemcsak az üzleti élet döntéshozóinak van ebben szerepe, hanem az oktatásnak is fel kell készítenie a hallgatókat e helyzetekben való helytállásra.
Szolgáltató egyetem a tanuló társadalomban – termékfejlesztés felsőfokon
Authors: Schwartz Kitti
Published: April 2021

A szerző dolgozatában a magyar felsőoktatás megújításának lényeges aspektusára, a szolgáltató egyetem fontosságára hívja fel a figyelmet. Kiemeli a szolgáltató szemlélet jelentőségét a felsőoktatási intézmények életében, mert ez a törekvés a Bologna folyamat céljainak elérése miatt létfontosságú.
A stratégiai analízis elméleti modelljei és a vállalati stratégiaalkotás
Authors: Tari Ernő
Published: April 2021

A szerző tanulmánya a vállalati stratégia racionális kialakítását megalapozó stratégiai analízis nemzetközi fejlődését tekinti át, az elméleti modellalkotás kezdeteitől a modern elemzési módszerekig terjedően. Az 1960-as évektől kezdődően öt periódust különböztet meg a stratégiai elemzés fejlődésében, sorra veszi az egymást követő elemzési irányzatok alapmodelljeit, és azok vállalati stratégiaalkotásban betöltött szerepét is bemutatja.
A közép- és felső vezetői döntéseket támogató AHP-módszer, és alkalmazása logisztikai szolgáltatók kiválasztására
Authors: Duleba Szabolcs
Published: April 2021

A vállalatok és intézmények közép-, illetve felsô vezetôi gyakran szembesülnek komplex, többtényezős döntési problémákkal. Az AHP-t (Analitic Hierarchy Process) néhány multinacionális vállalat elsősorban a „make or buy” - vagyis a saját tevékenység elvégzése, illetve külső cég megbízása – döntésekre (Szegedi, 2003) alkalmazza, de gyakran használják partnercégek kiválasztására is. A szerző az utóbbihoz ad egy lehetséges kritériumrendszert, nevezetesen annak elősegítésére, hogy hogyan válasszák ki az optimális logisztikai szállítmányozót, azaz 3PL (Bokor, 2004) típusú partnereket (olyan logisztikai szolgáltatók, melyek megbízói más szektor vállalatai). A cikk célja e metódus előnyeinek és hátrányainak számbavétele, valamint alkalmazásának bemutatása egy valós gyakorlati problémán keresztül, mely nóvumnak számít a hazai szakirodalomban.
Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Liver Stiffness Measurements Using Magnetic Resonance Elastography After Eradicating Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Kumada Takashi , Toyoda Hidenori , Yasuda Satoshi , Sone Yasuhiro , Ogawa Sadanobu , Takeshima Kenji , Tada Toshifumi , Ito Takanori , Sumida Yoshio , Tanaka Junko
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Liver fibrosis stage is one of the most important factors in stratifying the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated the usefulness of liver stiffness measured by magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) to stratify the risk of developing HCC in patients who underwent MRE before receiving direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) and subsequently achieved sustained virological response (SVR).

METHODS:

A total of 537 consecutive patients with persistent hepatitis C virus who underwent initial MRE before DAA therapy and achieved SVR were enrolled. Factors associated with HCC development were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS:

Albumin-bilirubin score ≥ −2.60 (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 6.303), fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score >3.25 (aHR 7.676), and MRE value ≥4.5 kPa (aHR 13.190) were associated with HCC development according to a univariate Cox proportional hazards model. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model showed that an MRE value ≥4.5 kPa (aHR 7.301) was the only factor independently associated with HCC development. Even in patients with an FIB-4 score >3.25, the cumulative incidence rate of HCC development in those with an MRE value <4.5 kPa was significantly lower than that in patients with an MRE value ≥4.5 kPa.

DISCUSSION:

Liver stiffness measured by MRE before DAA therapy was an excellent marker for predicting subsequent HCC development in patients with hepatitis C virus infection who achieved SVR. The same results were observed in patients with high FIB-4 scores.
FLUXOS DE ENERGIA RADIANTE EM CULTIVOS DE AMORA-PRETA ‘TUPY’
Authors: Ricardo Schöffel Edgar , Santos Patrícia Marques dos , Maciel Leandro da Rosa , Herter Flávio Gilberto , Trentin Roberto
Published: April 2021

O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar o albedo e caracterizar a interferência das épocas de poda invernal sobre a partição dos fluxos de radiação em cultivos de amora-preta ‘Tupy’. O experimento foi realizado em um pomar comercial no município de Morro Redondo, RS, em que as podas foram realizadas em 18/07 (precoce), 10/08 (convencional) e 01/09 (tardia). As fases do ciclo fenológico com maior acúmulo de radiação solar global e de saldo de radiação foram as fases de baga verde à baga rosa e de botão floral à flor aberta. Da brotação até a maturação dos frutos os cultivos apresentaram regularidade na quantidade de radiação solar global recebida totalizando 1392,1 MJ m-2 (precoce), 1327 MJ m-2 (convencional) e 1408,7 MJ m-2 (tardia). Em dia nublado o balanço de radiação de ondas curtas sobre o cultivo de amora-preta acompanhou a mesma redução da radiação solar global, 85%, em relação ao dia ensolarado, enquanto para o balanço de radiação de ondas longas essa redução foi de 50% (poda convencional e precoce) e de 60% (tardia). O albedo da amora-preta ‘Tupy’ variou de 0,22 a 0,23 e o saldo de radiação sobre o cultivo representou 54% a 59% da radiação solar global.
CONDITIONING FACTORS OF “TERRAS CAÍDAS” IN LOWER SOLIMÕES RIVER - BRAZIL
Authors: De Queiroz Matheus Silveira , Alves Neiliane de Sousa
Published: April 2021

The term “Terras Caídas” is used in Amazon to refer to processes of fluvial erosion and mass movements of large and moderate scale. It is a dynamic and complex multi-causal process that involves hydrodynamic, hydrostatic, climatic, neotectonic, lithological and anthropic factors, occurring together or separately. The objective of this work is to understand the conditioning factors of the phenomenon "Terras Caídas" in lower Solimões River - Brazil. For this purpose, the study area was monitored for 2 years (2017-2018) and data from satellite images; water discharge; flow velocity; suspended sediments; water level; precipitation; wind direction; seismic activity were obtained. The hydrodynamic factors and the rain influence the “Terras Caídas” more intensely during the river flood, the processes influenced by the wind direction occur throughout the hydrological year, but with greater intensity during storms. Hydrostatic pressure occurs more frequently in ebb causing landslides. The lithology influences the stability of the banks due to unconsolidated sediments, providing erosion and mass movements. It is observed that neotectonics was not important in increasing the intensity of the "Terras Caídas" in the study area in recent years. Human activity influences destroying riparian forests and the basal erosion caused by waves formed by boats the region.
CARTOGRAFIA DE SÍNTESE APLICADA À ANÁLISE DA SEGREGAÇÃO ESPACIAL EM UBERABA, MG
Authors: Ferreira Ricardo Vicente , Martines Marcos Roberto
Published: April 2021

A segregação urbana é um fenômeno social que decorre das desigualdades de acesso à localização e aos bens de consumo coletivo da cidade. Uma maneira de retratar a segregação é através da distribuição espacial dos aspectos econômicos e demográficos da população. O presente estudo constrói um índice de segregação espacial que resume algumas características demográficas urbanas de Uberaba, MG. Faz uso de métodos quantitativos aplicados às cartografia de síntese. Utilizou-se de dados do Censo Demográfico IBGE de 2010, em nível de setores censitários. Ao final, o modelo cartográfico foi validado estatisticamente. Os resultados mostram que, dos 405 setores censitários analisados, 20.83% apresentam muito alta e alta segregação espacial. Cumulativamente, os índices com média, baixa e muito baixa segregação somam 79,17%, denotando o quantitativo menos crítico. Observa-se que há um gradiente transicional entre os grupos no espaço, indo dos setores censitários mais segregados na periferia aos menos segregados no centro, semelhante ao padrão observado em metrópoles e grandes cidades. O estudo mostra os espaços em condição de segregação, todavia, explicações adequadas destas características requerem a abordagem dos processos históricos políticos que levaram a população que habitam esses espaços.
Virtual tests of robotic vehicle units for virtual commissioning
Authors: Orlov Sergey P. , Bizyukova Elizaveta E. , Iakovleva Anastasia E.
Published: April 2021

The creation of robotic vehicles for agricultural purposes is a promising direction in the automotive industry. The complexity of the self-driving truck's design, work in difficult operating conditions, and a large number of measuring devices and processing subsystems determine the relevance of creating a virtual test system. These tests are part of the overall virtual commissioning process for a robotic vehicle. The article discusses a set of basic subsystems that provide virtual tests based on a model-based approach: mathematical modeling, measurement modeling, information subsystem with databases, visualization and documentation subsystem. Metrological models of measuring channels for virtual tests have been developed, allowing simulating random vehicle parameter changes. The testing process covers all the most essential components of a robotic vehicle. For example, the article presents a dynamic model of the braking system of a robotic chassis and shows the results of braking modes' virtual tests. The developed virtual test system is used to create a KAMAZ truck as part of a robotic system for agricultural vehicles.
KAJIAN ARSITEKTUR INDUSTRIAL PADA BANGUNAN HOTEL (STUDI KASUS: CHARA HOTEL, BANDUNG)
Authors: Hamdani Larastika Nur , Hantono Dedi
Published: April 2021

Perkembangan bidang industri di Indonesia berperan penting dalam perekonomian nasional. Perkembangan industri pariwisata juga terlihat pada pembangunan hotel. Hotel yang sering dijumpai merupakan hotel dengan nuansa mewah sehingga dalam perawatannya memakan biaya yang mahal. Untuk itu, konsep Arsitektur Industrial merupakan suatu konsep yang mengedepankan aspek fungsional dan efisien dengan menggunakan material yang tidak difinishing namun tetap mempertimbangkan estetika design sehingga dapat menekan biaya yang dikeluarkan. Arsitektur Industrial merupakan langgam yang muncul dan berkembang di era modern yang berhubungan dengan penyesuaian dan pemanfaatan kembali suatu barang bekas bangunan pabrik menjadi furniture interior. Karakteristik  Arsitektur Industrial adalah penggunaan bentuk geometris dan garis tegas, penggunaan warna alami dan warna monokrom dari material aslinya, kejujuran dalam penggunaan material dan ekspos sistem utilitas. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat penerapan karakteristik Arsitektur Industrial pada Bangunan Hotel dengan cara melakukan studi literatur dan mengkaitkannya dengan studi kasus. Studi kasus yang dipilih merupakan bangunan Chara Hotel, dari studi kasus tersebut akan dianalisis dengan mengkaitkan data studi kasus dengan karakteristik Arsitektur Industrial. Dari analisis tersebut didapatkan hasil berupa penerapan karakteristik konsep Arsitektur Industrial pada Chara Hotel dari segi eksterior maupun interior.
On sub-Riemannian geodesic curvature in dimension three
Authors: Barilari Davide , Kohli Mathieu
Published: April 2021

We introduce a notion of geodesic curvature

k
ζ

k_{\zeta}

for a smooth horizontal curve 𝜁 in a three-dimensional contact sub-Riemannian manifold, measuring how much a horizontal curve is far from being a geodesic.
We show that the geodesic curvature appears as the first corrective term in the Taylor expansion of the sub-Riemannian distance between two points on a unit speed horizontal curve

d
SR
2

⁢

(

ζ
⁢

(
t
)

,

ζ
⁢

(

t
+
ε

)

)

=

ε
2

-

k
ζ
2

⁢

(
t
)

720

⁢

ε
6

+

o
⁢

(

ε
6

)

.

d_{\mathrm{SR}}^{2}(\zeta(t),\zeta(t+\varepsilon))=\varepsilon^{2}-\frac{k_{\zeta}^{2}(t)}{720}\varepsilon^{6}+o(\varepsilon^{6}).

The sub-Riemannian distance is not smooth on the diagonal; hence the result contains the existence of such an asymptotics.
This can be seen as a higher-order differentiability property of the sub-Riemannian distance along smooth horizontal curves.
It generalizes the previously known results on the Heisenberg group.
On the nomenclatural reinstatement and lectotypification of Spyridia americana Durant (1850)
Authors: Schneider Craig W. , Wynne Michael J. , Saunders Gary W.
Published: April 2021

Southern New England and New York specimens of Spyridia ‘filamentosa’ were sequenced for the mitochondrial COI-5P and chloroplastic rbcL genes and determined to be distinct from Mediterranean (type locality) specimens of the same taxon. A little-known species name, Spyridia americana Durant, is applied to specimens collected from the northeastern coast of the United States.
The Effect of Study-Abroad on Pragmatic Transfer
Authors: Osuka Naoko
Published: April 2021

This study aims to investigate the effect that studying abroad may have on pragmatic transfer in requests, refusals, and expressions of gratitude, produced by Japanese learners of English. Twenty-two Japanese college students completed a multimedia elicitation task (MET) before and after studying in the US for one semester, together with twenty-two L1 English speakers and twenty L1 Japanese speakers as baseline data. The MET is a computer-based instrument for eliciting oral data. Unlike previous studies on pragmatic transfer, which often lack statistical evidence, this study includes statistical analysis. The analysis revealed that negative pragmatic transfer occurs within a limited range. The identified transfer includes pragmalinguistic transfer, whereby, assuming that their politeness levels are equal, learners directly translate L1 expressions into L2; and sociopragmatic transfer, whereby learners transfer L1 discourse patterns and functions. Resistance to L2 norms and increased fluency can be influencing factors. The results indicated that the effect of study-abroad is limited because most of the negative transfer which was identified before studying abroad remained after studying abroad. Thus, the necessity of explicit pragmatic instruction was proposed.
Sustainable Corporate Governance: A Way Forward?
Authors: Knapp Vanessa
Published: April 2021

This article looks at proposals to improve sustainable corporate governance of companies. These include: how to deal with shareholder primacy; a proposed requirement for companies to have an overarching purpose “to create sustainable value within planetary boundaries;” a directors’ duty to promote the undertaking’s interests to fulfil its overarching purpose; a directors’ duty to balance stakeholders’ interests; a duty to undertake a due diligence sustainability assessment; company and director liability for breaches; stakeholder enforcement of directors’ duties and public enforcement of directors’ duties. It considers problems with the proposals. It suggests alternative ways to make companies’ corporate governance more sustainable, including: improved corporate reporting relating to engagement with key stakeholders and how this contributes to the company’s long-term sustainability; better viability reporting by companies; reporting on capital allocation; better stewardship similar to the UK Stewardship Code 2020; more collaborative engagement by shareholders with companies in a manner similar to that promoted by the UK Investor Forum; making requisitioning of resolutions work better in practice; and, possibly, a vote on whether the company is creating sustainable value in the long term (a say on sustainability).
Selective catalytic reduction of NO by Co-Mn based nanocatalysts
Authors: Zabihi Vahid , Eikani Mohammad Hasan , Ardjmand Mehdi , Latifi Seyed Mahdi , Salehirad Alireza
Published: April 2021

One of the most significant aspects in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitrogen oxides (NOx) is developing suitable catalysts by which the process occurs in a favorable way. At the present work SCR reaction by ammonia (NH3-SCR) was conducted using Co-Mn spinel and its composite with Fe-Mn spinel, as nanocatalysts. The nanocatalysts were fabricated through liquid routes and then their physicochemical properties such as phase composition, degree of agglomeration, particle size distribution, specific surface area and also surface acidic sites have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) and temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD) analysis techniques. The catalytic activity tests in a temperature window of 150–400 °C and gas hourly space velocities of 10,000, 18,000 and 30,000 h−1 revealed that almost in all studied conditions, CoMn2O4/FeMn2O4 nanocomposite exhibited better performance in SCR reaction than CoMn2O4 spinel.
Effect of ultrasonic melt treatment on the microstructure and tensile properties of Al-25% Si alloy assisted by phosphorus addition
Authors: Dang Bo , Jian Zengyun , Xu Junfeng
Published: April 2021

The effects of ultrasonic melt treatment (UST) on the microstructure and tensile properties of Al-25% Si alloys with and without phosphorus addition were investigated. The average size of the primary Si firstly decreased and then increased with the rise of the ultrasonic intensity. The minimum value is about 25.4 and 32.8 μm when the ultrasonic intensity is 900 W with phosphorus addition and 1 200 W without phosphorus addition. The average number of primary Si per unit area firstly increased and then decreased in both alloys with increasing of ultrasonic intensity. Both tensile strength and elongation were improved mainly due to the refinement of microstructure by UST. Finally, the mechanism of UST on the primary Si is discussed.
Vom Wert des Wissens und Vertrauens in Wissenschaftler und Wissenschaftlerinnen in Zeiten der Coronavirus-Pandemie
Authors: Kaltenborn Karl-Franz
Published: April 2021

Anhand einer bibliometrischen Untersuchung der Veröffentlichungen von sechs Wissenschaftlern bzw. Ärzten wird deren wissenschaftliche Expertise zum Thema Covid-19 untersucht und in Beziehung zu ihren Empfehlungen im Umgang mit der Pandemie gesetzt.
Ovalbumin/lipopolysaccharide induced vasculitis in rats: a new predictive model
Authors: Thakur Vandana R. , Mehta Anita A.
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Currently, there are several animal models for vasculitis. Ovalbumin and lipopolysaccharide (OVA, LPS) are well established for causing inflammation and used as an adjunct in the vasculitis induction. However, to date, none has established the effect of OVA and LPS in disease induction. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt has been made to develop a new animal model for vasculitis using OVA/LPS in rats.

Methods

A total of 42 Wistar rats were divided randomly into seven groups (n=6/group), normal control, and three different doses (0.5, 1, and 5 mg/kg) of OVA and LPS treated groups. Half of the rats in each group received only intraperitoneal sensitization, while the remaining half rats were additionally subjected to a one-week intranasal challenge.

Results

Results showed that both OVA/LPS in their respective groups have significantly increased circulating inflammatory cells, C-reactive protein (CRP), Inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), Kidney damage markers (BUN, Creatinine), and liver function enzymes (AST, ALT) in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusions

OVA/LPS induced vascular inflammation in a dose-dependent manner. However, the higher (5 mg/kg) dose of ovalbumin and lipopolysaccharide has contributed to severe vascular inflammation through increasing inflammatory cytokines. These findings suggest that OVA/LPS may contribute as a possible model for vasculitis in rats.
Recovery of a Lamé parameter from displacement fields in nonlinear elasticity models
Authors: Carrillo Hugo , Waters Alden
Published: April 2021

We study some inverse problems involving elasticity models by assuming the knowledge of measurements of a function of the displaced field.
In the first case, we have a linear model of elasticity with a semi-linear type forcing term in the solution.
Under the hypothesis the fluid is incompressible, we recover the displaced field and the second Lamé parameter from power density measurements in two dimensions.
A stability estimate is shown to hold for small displacement fields, under some natural hypotheses on the direction of the displacement, with the background pressure fixed.
On the other hand, we prove in dimensions two and three a stability result for the second Lamé parameter when the displacement field follows the (nonlinear) Saint-Venant model when we add the knowledge of displaced field solution measurements.
The Saint-Venant model is the most basic model of a hyperelastic material.
The use of over-determined elliptic systems is new in the analysis of linearization of nonlinear inverse elasticity problems.
Real-world evidence of cytomegalovirus reactivation in non-Hodgkin lymphomas treated with bendamustine-containing regimens
Authors: Pezzullo Luca , Giudice Valentina , Serio Bianca , Fontana Raffaele , Guariglia Roberto , Martorelli Maria Carmen , Ferrara Idalucia , Mettivier Laura , Bruno Alessandro , Bianco Rosario , Vaccaro Emilia , Pagliano Pasquale , Montuori Nunzia , Filippelli Amelia , Selleri Carmine
Published: April 2021

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation during chemotherapy or after organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and the risk of reactivation increases with patients’ age. Bendamustine, an alkylating agent currently used for treatment of indolent and aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphomas, can augment the risk of secondary infections including CMV reactivation. In this real-world study, we described an increased incidence of CMV reactivation in older adults (age >60 years old) with newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory indolent and aggressive diseases treated with bendamustine-containing regimens. In particular, patients who received bendamustine plus rituximab and dexamethasone were at higher risk of CMV reactivation, especially when administered as first-line therapy and after the third course of bendamustine. In addition, patients with CMV reactivation showed a significant depression of circulating CD4+ T cell count and anti-CMV IgG levels during active infection, suggesting an impairment of immune system functions which are not able to properly face viral reactivation. Therefore, a close and early monitoring of clinical and laboratory findings might improve clinical management and outcome of non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients by preventing the development of CMV disease in a subgroup of subjects treated with bendamustine more susceptible to viral reactivation.
Crystal structure of (E)-(2-((1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)hydrazineyl)(amino)methaniminium nitrate monohydrate, C6H12N6O4
Authors: Jin Ze-Sen , Liu Xiao-jing , Li Zhuang-Yu , Liu E. , Jian Fang-fang , Liang Tongling
Published: April 2021

C6H12N6O4, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.3652(3) Å, b = 16.8683(7) Å, c = 8.3779(3) Å, β = 101.525(4)°, V = 1019.87(7) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0349, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1018, T = 170 K.
Numerical results for influence the flow of MHD nanofluids on heat and mass transfer past a stretched surface
Authors: Abd Elazem Nader Y.
Published: April 2021

Due to its significant applications in physics, chemistry, and engineering, some interest has been given in recent years to research the boundary layer flow of magnetohydrodynamic nanofluids. The numerical results were analyzed for temperature profile, concentration profile, reduced number of Nusselt and reduced number of Sherwood. It has also been shown that the magnetic field, the Eckert number, and the thermophoresis parameter boost the temperature field and raise the thermal boundary layer thickness while the Prandtl number reduces the temperature field at high values and lowers the thermal boundary layer thickness. However, if Lewis number is higher than the unit and the Eckert number increases, the concentration profiles decrease as well. Ultimately, the concentration profiles are reduced for the variance of the Brownian motion parameter and the Eckert number, where the thickness of the boundary layer for the mass friction feature is reduced.
Reasons for Resisting Darwinism, and Why They Should Not Be Credited
Authors: Attfield Robin
Published: April 2021

Plantinga argues that Darwinism implies that we cannot help adopting our apparently reflective beliefs, and that this is a reason for rejecting Darwinism. I argue that similar arguments apparently apply to the beliefs crucial to deliberation, meaningful work, meaningful relationships, meaningful communication and creativity. But these arguments apply to deterministic versions of Darwinism only. Cogent non-deterministic versions have been propounded by Popper, Rose, Lewontin, Ward and Miller (those of Ward and Miller being theistic versions). These versions are presented, as is Midgley’s account of how evolution has endowed us with a mix of desires that prepare the way for choice. Plantinga-type arguments pose no problem for such non-deterministic Darwinisms.
Lexical analyses of the function and phonology of Papuan Malay word stress
Authors: Kaland Constantijn , Kluge Angela , van Heuven Vincent J.
Published: April 2021

The existence of word stress in Indonesian languages has been controversial. Recent acoustic analyses of Papuan Malay suggest that this language has word stress, counter to other studies and unlike closely related languages. The current study further investigates Papuan Malay by means of lexical (non-acoustic) analyses of two different aspects of word stress. In particular, this paper reports two distribution analyses of a word corpus, 1) investigating the extent to which stress patterns may help word recognition and 2) exploring the phonological factors that predict the distribution of stress patterns. The facilitating role of stress patterns in word recognition was investigated in a lexical analysis of word embeddings. The results show that Papuan Malay word stress (potentially) helps to disambiguate words. As for stress predictors, a random forest analysis investigated the effect of multiple morpho-phonological factors on stress placement. It was found that the mid vowels /ɛ/ and /ɔ/ play a central role in stress placement, refining the conclusions of previous work that mainly focused on /ɛ/. The current study confirms that non-acoustic research on stress can complement acoustic research in important ways. Crucially, the combined findings on stress in Papuan Malay so far give rise to an integrated perspective to word stress, in which phonetic, phonological and cognitive factors are considered.
Politeness in professional contexts: foreign-language teacher training
Authors: Mugford Gerrard
Published: April 2021

This paper examines the professional context of teachers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL), whose first language is not English but who are required to help learners adhere to target-language (TL) politeness norms and practices. Many of these teachers have had little or no contact with TL countries/cultures and have limited professional training in this area. This paper highlights the specific context of 39 Mexican EFL teachers who reflected on their understandings and “teaching” of politeness. I argue that by employing existing resources and knowledge and with further training, bilingual teachers can be helped to take “possession” of politeness rather than having to unquestioningly teach appropriate, socially-accepted, socially-expected usage.