bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas in pediatric patients: management updates
Authors: Davidson Caroline , Woodford Samuel , Valle Daisy , Parker Grace , Derias Ann-Marie , Copley Carina , Lucke-Wold Brandon
Published: November 2023

Background

This review explores how diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) diagnosis and treatment have evolved and are improving.

Main body

Authors used various sources from 2000 to present time to compile information on diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma in the pediatric population. The following topics were included: diagnosis procedure, molecular analysis, stereotactic biopsy, radiation therapy and other treatments. Historically, diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma’s anatomical proximity to crucial brain stem structures prevented biopsy thus limiting diagnostic and molecular analysis. However, with the optimistic rise of the stereotactic biopsy technique, identifying genetic and other biological markers for targeted treatments is more feasible. Previous investigations have identified a histone mutation that appears in 80% of DIPG cases and there is plenty of exploration into how to unravel the effects of the resulting chromatin modification. For example, new pharmaceuticals like Panobinostat and ONC201 show promise.

Conclusion

Advances in stereotactic biopsy technology have resulted in more accurate diagnosis opening more avenues for molecular analysis and thus, targeted treatments. DIPG requires more exploration to improve outcomes for patients.
The outcome of surgical management of post-infectious hydrocephalus with multiple intraventricular septations
Authors: Amen Mohamed Mohsen , Badran Mohamed , Zaher Ahmed , Khalil Amr Farid , Abdelaal Ibrahim , Saad Mahmoud
Published: November 2023

Objectives

Post-infection hydrocephalus with multiple intraventricular septations is a complex issue in neurosurgery, with multiple treatment options available. The authors reviewed the results of neuroendoscopic cyst wall fenestration for managing this disease.

Materials and Methods

Medical records of 76 patients with post-infection hydrocephalus and multiple intraventricular septations who underwent endoscopic treatment were collected and analyzed.

Results

The patient group consisted of 40 males (52.6%) and 36 females (47.4%), with a mean age of 22.36 months (range: 4–132 months). Bacterial meningitis was the most common cause of hydrocephalus with multiple intraventricular septations in 37 patients (48.6%), while 24 patients had post-shunt infection (31.6%) that was complicated with multiloculated hydrocephalus. After confirming clearance of CSF infection, all patients underwent ventriculoscopic cyst fenestration and insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt to create a single communicating system drained by one ventricular catheter. Fifty-five patients underwent De novo shunt implantation, while 20 patients required shunt revision. Endoscopy reduced the shunt revision rate from 3.4 per year before fenestration to 0.4 per year after fenestration. During the mean follow-up period of 7.7 months (range: 1–20 months), complications were reported in 13 patients (17.1%), including CSF leakage in eight (10.5%), VPS malfunction in five (6.5%), and two deaths (2.6%).

Conclusion

The authors concluded that neuroendoscopic fenestration with the aid of CSF drainage by intraventricular catheter is an effective treatment for managing multiloculated post-infection hydrocephalus with much lower rates of morbidity and mortality than traditional procedures.
Pituitary apoplexy associated with gram-negative meningitis following transsphenoidal surgery
Authors: Malikov Azad , Daglar Zeynep , Aygun Kaan , Divanlioglu Denizhan
Published: November 2023

Background

Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition. While it is uncommon, it can present with findings that are clinically indistinguishable from acute bacterial meningitis. We report an unusual case of simultaneous coexistence of bacterial meningoencephalitis and pituitary apoplexy following transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) for pituitary macroadenoma, emphasizing the possibility of coexistence of the two entities.

Case presentation

A 62-year-old man was admitted with a moderate headache, gait disturbance, and progressively decreasing vision. Sellar magnetic resonance imaging showed a giant pituitary tumor of 4 × 5 cm with invasion of the cavernous sinus bilaterally, and a mass effect on the optic chiasm. The patient underwent a TSS and partial resection of a giant pituitary tumor. On postoperative day 11, he presented with an acute, severe headache and altered sensorium. An urgent computed tomography (CT) scan revealed hemorrhagic swelling of the residual. A complete analysis of the anterior pituitary hormones revealed panhypopituitarism. Administering steroid ameliorated the clinical features, but after decreasing the dose, the patient continued to deteriorate in his neurological status, a high fever, and marked stiffness were noted on postoperative day 14. Given the neck stiffness, leukocytosis, and high C-reactive protein level, acute meningitis was suspected, and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was tested, which was consistent with acute bacterial meningitis. In the results of the bacterial cultures of the CSF, E. coli was identified and switched to ceftriaxone. The patient's neurological status and body temperature improved gradually. CSF test results returned to normal levels, and ceftriaxone was discontinued on day 10.

Conclusions

This is a report on a case of a giant pituitary tumor that developed late postoperative PA after having undergone a partial tumor resection. A postoperative CT scan showed hemorrhagic expansion of the residual tumor mass. Further, the patient exhibited typical symptoms of acute meningoencephalitis, the result of the cultures of the CSF was positive, and the patient's general condition deteriorated. In addition, laboratory findings indicated leukocytosis, an elevated C-reactive protein level, and neutrophilic pleocytosis. We highlighted diagnostic challenges and therapeutic delays arising as a result of rare concomitance.
Olaparib for the Treatment of Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer and Alterations in BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 in the PROfound Trial
Authors: Mateo Joaquin , de Bono Johann S. , Fizazi Karim , Saad Fred , Shore Neal , Sandhu Shahneen , Chi Kim N. , Agarwal Neeraj , Olmos David , Thiery-Vuillemin Antoine , Özgüroğlu Mustafa , Mehra Niven , Matsubara Nobuaki , Young Joung Jae , Padua Charles , Korbenfeld Ernesto , Kang Jinyu , Marshall Helen , Lai Zhongwu , Barnicle Alan , Poehlein Christian , Lukashchuk Natalia , Hussain Maha
Published: November 2023

Olaparib improved PFS and OS across subgroups of BRCA1/2mut #prostatecancer patients in the PROFOUND phase III trial.
Empowering Precision Medicine: The Impact of 3D Printing on Personalized Therapeutic
Authors: Alzoubi Lorca , Aljabali Alaa A. A. , Tambuwala Murtaza M.
Published: November 2023

This review explores recent advancements and applications of 3D printing in healthcare, with a focus on personalized medicine, tissue engineering, and medical device production. It also assesses economic, environmental, and ethical considerations. In our review of the literature, we employed a comprehensive search strategy, utilizing well-known databases like PubMed and Google Scholar. Our chosen keywords encompassed essential topics, including 3D printing, personalized medicine, nanotechnology, and related areas. We first screened article titles and abstracts and then conducted a detailed examination of selected articles without imposing any date limitations. The articles selected for inclusion, comprising research studies, clinical investigations, and expert opinions, underwent a meticulous quality assessment. This methodology ensured the incorporation of high-quality sources, contributing to a robust exploration of the role of 3D printing in the realm of healthcare. The review highlights 3D printing's potential in healthcare, including customized drug delivery systems, patient-specific implants, prosthetics, and biofabrication of organs. These innovations have significantly improved patient outcomes. Integration of nanotechnology has enhanced drug delivery precision and biocompatibility. 3D printing also demonstrates cost-effectiveness and sustainability through optimized material usage and recycling. The healthcare sector has witnessed remarkable progress through 3D printing, promoting a patient-centric approach. From personalized implants to radiation shielding and drug delivery systems, 3D printing offers tailored solutions. Its transformative applications, coupled with economic viability and sustainability, have the potential to revolutionize healthcare. Addressing material biocompatibility, standardization, and ethical concerns is essential for responsible adoption.

Graphical Abstract
Novel perturbation mechanism underlying the network fragility evolution
Authors: Hou Songan , Fan Denggui , Wang Qingyun
Published: November 2023

Studies have shown that fragility is an effective marker for seizures and seizure onset zone (SOZ). Through analysis and simulation of a probabilistic neural network under different inputs, the regularization mechanism of external input perturbations on the fragility is explored. It is theoretically found that the fragility of a perturbed node within seizure network is inversely associated with the received perturbation input, while the fragility of the other unperturbed nodes always oppositely changes with this perturbed node. By terming the node with high fragility as the fragile node (FN), it is interestingly shown that the FN would evolve to the node with the smallest input. Then, the network fragility is further investigated. Results show that the non-uniform perturbation inputs can more easily impact the network fragility. In addition, noise-induced variations of network connection can degrade the network fragility to some extent. Finally, the real data from a patient with epilepsy have verified the universality of the above obtained findings. These results may provide possible insights into stimulation strategies for seizure control in clinic.
Potential photocell based on cobalt sulfide quantum dots and nanographene oxide for energy applications
Authors: de Souza Bernardes Micheli , Parada Savino Rafael , Tamires Santos Renata , Soares Silva Carlos Mateus , Teixeira Silva Carla Jeany , do Amparo Madureira Jhonatan , G. L. Medeiros Borsagli Fernanda
Published: November 2023

Climate change and all environmental advances have caused much worry in society. Then, the development of sustainable materials using materials from renewable sources is a great challenge. In this sense, various sources have been implemented for energy applications, like solar energy, using a diversity of materials, including graphene oxide. Therefore, the decorating process of graphene using different semiconductor nanoparticles has been performed to improve their performance in different technologies. In this sense, present research has evaluated the production of a new photocell system using ITO (In2O3/SnO2) loaded nanographene oxide and cobalt sulfide quantum dots (CoS QD) for potential energy applications. Spectroscopy analysis (FTIR, Raman, UV Vis), X-ray diffraction, and morphological analysis (SEM, TEM, BET) were used to characterize this system. The results showed that the CoS presented a size of 3 nm with good electrical potential for application in energy areas, demonstrating a low-cost and environmentally friendly chemical route. In addition, the chemical groups that stabilized the CoS QD were the carboxylates. Moreover, the photocell system was conducted well, changing the radiation absorption spectrum of the photocell. Furthermore, photocell production provided a potential application of these materials to renewable energy sources.
Off Cuts
Authors: Schmid Heino
Published: November 2023

The works collected here are made up of individual parts of debris found in the artist’s studio and through his daily movings in the Bahamian landscape. The artist keeps a sketchbook, but in recent years has also depended more heavily on the juxtapositions of these very simple found elements that make up both his public and personal environments. The works are musings, experimentation, and play, used to consider not only the spaces he is in but also the influences these spaces have on him and, in turn, he on them. This is a defining partnership in Schmid’s works, works that he calls “a hymn to home.”
Deceptive Benevolence: Witnessing Whiteness in Marie Vieux-Chauvet’s Dance on the Volcano
Authors: Franklin Jocelyn Sutton
Published: November 2023

Focusing on the Haitian author Marie Vieux-Chauvet’s novel Dance on the Volcano (1957), this essay examines representations of an anxious White minority on the eve of the Haitian Revolution. It argues that Vieux-Chauvet deploys theatrical conventions to suggest that White benevolence, a valence of White saviorism, is a performance designed to maintain the status quo of colonial Saint-Domingue. The essay also considers the implications of examining global South critiques of Whiteness for the often US-centric field of critical Whiteness studies. Dance on the Volcano focuses on a uniquely formative moment: the last years of colonial rule punctuated by the raced tensions that gave way to a revolution that forever altered the global colonial order. Vieux-Chauvet’s use of dialogue, gestures, and eavesdropping illustrate the duplicity of White characters, while foregrounding the critical gaze of the protagonist, the first woman of color to perform in the theater of Saint-Domingue.
Between Revolution and Repair: How Europe Underdeveloped Africa in a Caribbean Intellectual Tradition
Authors: Scott David
Published: November 2023

This essay is assembled around four loosely interrelated questions concerning Walter Rodney’s How Europe Underdeveloped Africa (1972). First, Why read this book now? Second, How should we read this book today? Third, What is the politics and poetics of the formal conceptual and argumentative apparatus that shapes How Europe Underdeveloped Africa? And finally, fourth, If How Europe Underdeveloped Africa was not meant to engage an academic protocol but a Marxist politics of revolutionary social transformation, what is the idiom in which we might translate the radical impetus of the critique embodied in it into a contemporary political project?
Universalism in Unevenness: Writing History at the Hill
Authors: Shivji Natasha I.
Published: November 2023

This essay explores the discourse produced in Walter Rodney’s How Europe Underdeveloped Africa (1972) as part of an intellectual genealogy at the University of Dar es Salaam and Rodney’s involvement in a political landscape that was global in nature. The author proposes that the book offers a methodology of writing history, both in terms of the periodic expanse of such a history and positing the historical problematic. She argues that Rodney produces a universal history insofar as universality is assumed in the social relations of exploitation and consequently solidarities of revolutionary praxis globally. This necessitates a further interrogation into the historical question that, the author posits, in Rodney’s work lies in deciphering the spaces of contradictions and crisis.
Συμβολή στη μελέτη των περιεγχειρητικών παραγόντων που επηρεάζουν την αποκατάσταση της κινητικότητας του σκύλου, ύστερα από εκτομή της κεφαλής και του αυχένα του μηριαίου
Authors: Κρυστάλλη Ανδρονίκη
Published: November 2023

Η εκτομή της κεφαλής και του αυχένα του μηριαίου (ΕΚΑΜ) οστού είναι μια απλή και αξιόπιστη χειρουργική επέμβαση, κατά την οποία αφαιρείται ολόκληρη η κεφαλή και τμήμα του αυχένα του μηριαίου με λοξή φορά, εσωτερικά του μείζονος τροχαντήρα προς το κεντρικό άκρο του ελάσσονος τροχαντήρα. Η εκτομή αυτή επιφέρει τη δημιουργία μιας ψευδάρθρωσης από πυκνό συνδετικό ιστό ανάμεσα στο μηριαίο και στην πύελο, η οποία έχει ως στόχο να βελτιώσει την ποιότητα ζωής σκύλων με σοβαρά προβλήματα στην άρθρωση του ισχίου, αφού προσφέρει καλή και ανώδυνη λειτουργία του «ισχίου».Η παρούσα διατριβή αποτελείται από πειραματική και αναδρομική μελέτη. Στην πειραματική μελέτη συμμετείχαν 30 ιδιόκτητοι σκύλοι που υποβλήθηκαν σε ΕΚΑΜ τα έτη 2018-2022. Σκοπός αυτής της μελέτης ήταν:(α) η συγκριτική εκτίμηση της μετεγχειρητικής αναλγησίας και, κατ’ επέκταση, του χρόνου φόρτισης του άκρου, που προκαλείται από τη διεγχειρητική χορήγηση τοπικού αναισθητικού στο σημείο της ΕΚΑΜ στον σκύλο, με ή χωρίς την εφαρμογή επισκληρίδιας αναλγησίας προεγχειρητικά, και(β) η σύγκριση της δράσης δύο αναλγητικών σχημάτων, που χορηγήθηκαν μετεγχειρητικά σε σκύλους που υποβλήθηκαν σε ΕΚΑΜ, ως προς τον χρόνο πλήρους φόρτισης του άκρου. Από τα αποτελέσματα προέκυψε ότι ο συνδυασμός προαναισθητικής επισκληρίδιας αναλγησίας, διεγχειρητικής έγχυσης ροπιβακαΐνης και μετεγχειρητικής χορήγησης τραμαδόλης επιταχύνει την αρχική φόρτιση του άκρου και, κατ’ επέκταση, την τελική. Οι μεμονωμένες χορηγήσεις των παραπάνω αναισθητικών/αναλγητικών φαρμάκων επιταχύνουν την αρχική φόρτιση, αλλά όχι και την τελική φόρτιση του άκρου των σκύλων που έχουν υποβληθεί σε ΕΚΑΜ. Στην αναδρομική μελέτη συμπεριλήφθηκαν 108 ιδιόκτητοι σκύλοι, οι οποίοι υποβλήθηκαν σε ΕΚΑΜ τα έτη 2006-2017. Συγκεκριμένα, διερευνήθηκαν οι υποθέσεις ότι σε σκύλους που διενεργείται ΕΚΑΜ, ο χρόνος φόρτισης του άκρου (α) επηρεάζεται από τη χρονιότητα του νοσήματος που οδήγησε στην ΕΚΑΜ, καθώς και από τη μετεγχειρητική διενέργεια φυσικοθεραπείας, τη χορήγηση αναλγητικών και την ελεγχόμενη κινητική δραστηριότητα, ενώ, αντίθετα, (β) δεν επηρεάζεται από την ηλικία και το σωματικό βάρος του ζώου.Από τα αποτελέσματα προέκυψε ότι ο χρόνος της τελικής φόρτισης επηρεάζεται αρνητικά από τη χρονιότητα του νοσήματος, ενώ η ηλικία και το σωματικό βάρος δεν την επηρεάζουν. Δεν προέκυψε θετική συσχέτιση σε ό,τι αφορά τον περιορισμό της κινητικής δραστηριότητας, τη χορήγηση αναλγησίας και τη διενέργεια φυσικοθεραπείας. Τα συχνότερα νοσήματα που οδήγησαν σε ΕΚΑΜ ήταν το εξάρθρημα ισχίου και η ασηπτική νέκρωση της κεφαλής του μηριαίου, ενώ τα σπανιότερα τα κατάγματα κοτύλης και η δυσπλασία του ισχίου.
Periodical crossing of the laboratory population with the natural population would improve fitness in S. sunia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Real-Baca C. I. , Zuniga-Gonzalez C. A.
Published: November 2023

Background The research focused on evaluating the biological and reproductive parameters of the species Spodoptera sunia with the introduction of field genetic material, in the Noctuid Insect Breeding Laboratory. Methods The experiment consisted of three treatments and three repetitions involving 30 individuals each. Field-collected S. sunia population was reared in the laboratory under semi-controlled conditions of temperature and humidity for three generations. The progeny of the third generation was crossed with the laboratory population and the resulting progeny was observed for growth and reproductive fitness. Results The results revealed that the hybrid progeny (T3) has a sex ratio (F: M) of 0.82, as against 1.22 and 0.76 observed in the field (T1) and lab populations (T2) respectively. The T1 females oviposited 196 egg masses as against 160 and 59 egg masses by T3 and T2 females respectively. The larval growth was more in hybrid progeny with shorter larval duration. However, no variation was observed in the incubation and pupal periods. Conclusions Since the most optimal results were obtained in T2 and T3, it is recommended to introduce genetic material every six months to maintain a good laboratory population of the insect host under study and better breeding of its natural enemies.
Peruvian contributions to scientific publications on experimental research against COVID-19: a systematic review
Authors: Coronel-Monje Katiusca , Candia-Puma Mayron Antonio , Vilca-Alosilla Juan Jeferson , Goyzueta-Mamani Luis Daniel , Aguilar-Bravo Herbert Mishaelf , Sánchez-Zegarra Jorge Augusto , Barazorda-Ccahuana Haruna Luz , Ferraz Coelho Eduardo Antonio , Chávez-Fumagalli Miguel Angel
Published: November 2023

Background One of the countries most adversely affected by the COVID-19 outbreak was Peru. Worldwide scientific knowledge creation has significantly grown because of this pandemic. This systematic study aims to examine several facets of Peru’s experimental scientific production concerning COVID-19. Methods Between December 2019 and June 2022, searches were made in the PubMed database for experimental scientific articles created in Peruvian institutions. Data were extracted and analyzed on the type of biomedical research, the study’s applicability, the thematic area and specific thematic, journal impact factor and quartile, funding, grants, and institution of affiliation for the first and correspondence authors. Results The systematic review resulted in nine studies that met the requirements. The results revealed that Peru needs to promote policies to boost research funding and the number of researchers to produce information that will be useful for managing diseases in the future. Yet, despite the funding provided by national organizations like National Council for Science, Technology, and Technological Innovation (CONCYTEC), there were few publications and little international collaboration. The studies that have been published focus mostly on applied research in the areas of diagnostics, sanitary products, and treatment and transmission, and they have great visibility because they are indexed in Q1 journals. Conclusions This thorough study revealed Peru’s inadequate reaction to COVID-19 regarding experimental scientific research. Peruvian authorities should think about supporting the required policies to boost the number of researchers and financial aid to produce information that may be utilized to manage potential new diseases in the future. Inplasy registration INPLASY202340080 (23/04/2023).
Principled pragmatism: A Latin American contribution for foreign policy analysis?
Authors: Velazquez Flores Rafael , Monjaraz-Sandoval Alejandro
Published: November 2023

The key purpose of this paper is to identify key Latin American theories proposed to study foreign policy. The essay points out that Latin America has made a significant contribution to foreign policy analysis. The most important conceptual contribution in the field is the concept of principled pragmatism. A crucial premise is that Latin American nations resort to this type of policy to come to agreement with the United States, address domestic issues, advance national interests, and cope with economic problems. The paper is divided into four sections. The first describes key analytical models and theoretical approaches created to explain foreign policy. The second identifies the Latin American thought on this subject. The third section explains the concept of principled pragmatism. This approach stems from the models and theories explained in the second section and from the Latin American thinking described in the third section. The last part explains the case study of Cuban foreign policy in the early 1960s using the notion of principled pragmatism.
CHINESE CHILDREN'S ILLUSTRATED BOOKS: HISTORY AND MO-DERNITY
Authors: Wang Yimeng
Published: November 2023

An «illustrated book», as the name implies, is a book containing images. This is a book for reading, which focuses on pictures supplemented with words, and which is mainly intended for children. This article examines the process of evolution of Chinese children's illustrated books, as well as the features of the work of illus-trators of the past and present. The main conclusion we come to is that the study of the origin and evolution of a children's picture book plays an important role in its creation and use today.
Captura e manejo de abelhas nativas sem ferrão: um guia técnico de captura e manutenção de colônias para uso em ensaios laboratoriais e educacionais
Authors: Oliveira Aline Arantes de , Dário Bruno Matheus Mendes , Santos Hellem Victoria Ribeiro dos , Forjaz Giulia , Benoski Gabriel , Floriano Fernando Augusto Souza , Souza Leticia Ferreira de , Jesus Adriana Bernardes de , Rodrigues Luiza Brum , Saraiva Althiéris de Souza
Published: November 2023

As abelhas nativas sem ferrão desempenham um papel imprescindível no setor econômico e ecossistêmico. São valiosas não apenas comercialmente, devido ao mel com propriedades medicinais únicas, mas também como polinizadoras, promovendo a diversificação biológica das plantas e interações ecológicas entre espécies. No entanto, essas abelhas têm enfrentado declínio a longo prazo e em escala significativa. Este guia técnico foi desenvolvido para preencher lacunas de informações técnicas, visando auxiliar pesquisadores, educadores e técnicos envolvidos em estudos com abelhas nativas. O guia destaca o uso de garrafas PETs e caixas Tetra Pak para captura e criação de abelhas nativas, enfatizando a redução de custos e a sustentabilidade. Foi elaborado por meio de compilações cuidadosas de informações provenientes de pesquisa bibliográfica, utilizando o Google Acadêmico e a CAPES Periódicos. Os principais tópicos deste guia incluem o processo de captura das abelhas nativas, práticas de criação econômica e os benefícios para pesquisadores, agroecossistema e meio ambiente. Este guia representa uma contribuição significativa para a preservação das abelhas nativas e o avanço contínuo da pesquisa.
Green Care in Poland. Essence, limitations and development opportunities with the kujawsko-pomorskie province as an example
Authors: Kamiński Ryszard , Marcysiak Tomasz
Published: November 2023

An ageing society has triggered the development of new intervention mechanisms and the engagement of both state and non-governmental institutions. It can be said that, for each group of persons, place-of-residence and social-structure-specific social security models must be designed. In Poland, such innovative actions include the initiative of launching care farms, known as green care. This article presents the results of the current study and observations of the operation of such farms in the kujawsko-pomorskie province. The study mostly involved the use of qualitative methods: interviews with carers, a covert participant observation and the analysis of the opinions of the psychologist coordinating the care farm therapy. The study shows that the idea of green care is quite easily implemented in the rural areas of Poland, with plenty of potential clients and farms which, with sometimes inconsiderable investment inputs, can be adapted to welcome that specific group of guests. However, one must note many barriers, especially a lack of permanent sources of green care financing, in many places a profound distrust of the local community for changes and innovations, and uncertainty regarding the continued care prospect, which can result in an even greater social withdrawal of the clients and an abandoning of the efforts by the carers and farm owners for a further operation to be continued.
Teacher as Philosopher? Patočka's Philosophical View on Education
Authors: Stojka Róbert
Published: November 2023

Jan Patočka was one of the first philosophers in Czechoslovakia who, in addition to other areas of philosophy, also dealt with the philosophy of education. These ideas of his, concerned with the philosophical view of education, are still relevant today. The starting point of this study is, above all, Patočka's basic thesis, which states that a teacher who forms his/her pupils in a fundamental way must him/herself have a certain attitude towards the world and his/her life clarified, which means creating his/her own life schedule that gives his/her life meaning. For Patočka, this meaning is the result of a daily struggle to continually acquire it. It is the formation of this world view, which the teacher then transmits to his/her pupils, that is, according to Patočka, the purpose of education as such. It thus prepares the teacher for the responsible exercise of his/her profession so that he/she can perform it adequately as a humanly valuable personality. This is a crucial moment in which philosophy can go beyond a purely theoretical approach to the world towards a practical application in the educational process.
Limits of Socratic Dialogue in Moral Education
Authors: Zelinová Zuzana , Bizoň Michal
Published: November 2023

The main aim of our paper is to identify the potential limits of Socratic dialogue in moral education. These limits will be identified using a) the original ancient writings preserving several versions of Socrates’ dialogue, and b) modern writing on the Socrates’ dialogue in moral education. We will determine whether these limits are to be found in the writing of Plato or Xenophon, or rather in the problems and paradoxes of this type of education. We assume that a historical exploration of the original Socratic philosophy will help us to more easily identify the limits and problems in moral education. However, our intention is not to reject the Socratic dialogue as such, but merely to point out some of the potentially controversial aspects of its use in moral education.
Affective Goals in Teaching Philosophy in Higher Secondary Education: Reality, Criticism, Perspectives
Authors: Lukáš Arthur Švihura
Published: November 2023

The study has the character of a critical reflection of the assumed combination of cognitive and affective goals of teaching philosophy in the environment of higher secondary education. Official state documents work with this connection as unproblematic, but the author tries to problematize this link between cognitive and affective and focuses on the current deficits in achieving affective goals in the teaching of philosophy. The article finds its inspiration for a different approach to achieving them in the pragmatism of Richard Rorty and Richard Shusterman.
A THEORY-GUIDED MACHINE LEARNING METHOD FOR CURE CYCLE OPTIMIZATION TO MINIMIZE PROCESS-INDUCED DEFORMATIONS IN COMPOSITES
Authors: SCHOENHOZ CALEB , ZOBEIRY NAVID
Published: November 2023

One of the most prevalent challenges faced in aerospace manufacturing is the accurate prediction, control, and mitigation of residual stresses and resulting process-induced deformations (PIDs) in composites. Unwanted dimensional changes in composite parts can cause significant geometry mismatches during aerostructure assembly, leading to decreased throughput and a loss of structural performance. In recent decades, process simulation tools have been developed to facilitate predictions and mitigations of PIDs through process optimization as well as methods such as tool compensation. However, such numerical approaches often rely on time-consuming, expensive, and deterministic characterization and modelfitting techniques. As a result, simulation tools may be error-prone in industrial settings, making PID predictions unreliable. Therefore, manufacturers rely on laborintensive methods, such as shimming, to compensate for geometry mismatches during the assembly process. This paper presents an alternative methodology to predict and minimize PIDs in composites without using process simulation. The proposed method is solely based on a limited amount of element-level experimental tests and theory-guided machine learning (TGML). Experimental methods include autoclave-curing of L-shaped laminates with different cure cycles and quantifying the resulting PIDs using laser profilometry. Probabilistic ML models are then built to correlate temperature cycles directly to PIDs using Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) guided by the closed-form theory available for PID predictions. Finally, the theory-guided ML models are iteratively calibrated using additional targeted tests specified by the GPR algorithm to efficiently converge on an optimal cycle that minimizes PIDs and satisfies cost specifications. The proposed ML-based approach is a generalizable probabilistic method to optimize process parameters and mitigate PIDs without using expensive process simulations or conducting exhaustive characterization experiments.
LOCAL DEFORMATION AND FRACTURE MECHANISMS IN METHACRYLIC COMPOSITES AT THE FIBER-MATRIX LEVEL: INSIGHTS FROM NANOSCALE DIGITAL IMAGE CORRELATION
Authors: GAYOT SARAH F. , KLAVZER NATHAN , VLIERBERGHE ELISE VAN , NYSTEN BERNARD , SWOLFS YENTL , PARDOEN THOMAS
Published: November 2023

Unidirectional glass fiber-reinforced methacrylic composite specimens were subjected to transverse compression testing within a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Strain localization phenomena occurring at the fiber-matrix level were analyzed via nanoscale digital image correlation (nano-DIC). A finite number of 2- fiber arrangements were identified in the composite in terms of the orientation of the fiber pair with respect to the uniaxially-applied load. Two of these were characterized experimentally by nano-DIC. Consistent and repeatable deformation patterns were observed within both test configurations, giving confidence in the relevance of focusing on the orientation of fiber pairs with respect to the macroscopic loading direction for predicting the deformation (and failure) behavior of fiber-reinforced polymer composites at the constituent level.
PREDICTION OF A FAILURE ENVELOPE OF SHORT FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES (SFRPS) USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: MAHARANA SUBRAT KUMAR , SONI GANESH , MITRA MIRA
Published: November 2023

Short fiber reinforced polymer composites (SFRPs) have become a material of interest due to their high stiffness-to-density ratio, durability, and cost-effective manufacturing of intricate parts. The modeling of an SFRP at the microscale involves complex homogenization techniques and sophisticated algorithmic implementations. The failure envelope of an SFRP gives a decision boundary for safety and failure under multiaxial loading. Additionally, the expansion and translation of the failure envelope describe the plastic behavior under monotonic and cyclic loading. Unlike isotropic materials, the stress tensor cannot be split into hydrostatic and deviatoric parts. It limits a formal mathematical theory for failure criteria for SFRPs. In the present work, an artificial neural network (ANN) is used to predict the failure envelope for a polyamide-glass SFRP specimen under biaxial loading. The data sets for training and validation are taken from the First Pseudo grain Failure (FPGF) model implemented using commercial finite element software. A noise in terms of randomly generated points near the failure curve is used as the test data. The stress or the strain values corresponding to the ANN predictions falling within a defined threshold range are plotted to obtain the failure envelope.
INCREMENTAL ELEMENT-LEVEL MODEL CALIBRATION AND VERIFICATION OF COMPOSITE PI JOINTS
Authors: FINLAY JAMES , WAAS ANTHONY
Published: November 2023

A finite element modeling approach previously calibrated using experimental data from narrow element pi joints was extended to wide element joint specimens allowing for the assessment of predictive capabilities through comparisons to experimental data. The progressive failure modeling approach uses a novel cohesive formulation to include intra- and inter-laminar damage modes and their interactions. Properties defining the cohesive responses were calibrated at the narrow element level and subsequently used in the wide element model to establish blind predictions prior to experimental testing. Pi joint specimens were tested in pull-off loading. Experimental and numerical comparisons were made in terms of load-displacement response, critical loads, damage modes, and failure progression. Comparisons between the experimental results and blind predictions were found to be in good agreement overall. Following the initial comparisons, a recalibration effort was performed to improve correlation between experimental and numerical results.
HIGH-ORDER EMBEDDED FINITE ELEMENTS FOR THE COMPONENT-WISE ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE LAMINATED STRUCTURES
Authors: SÁNCHEZ-MAJANO ALBERTO RACIONERO , PAGANI ALFONSO
Published: November 2023

In commercial software, the accurate modeling of multi-component multilayered structures, such as aircraft wings, commonly requires the consideration of different structural finite element types for the various constituents, e.g., stringers, spars, skins, etc. The Component-Wise (CW) approach eliminated the necessity of utilizing different modeling approaches per structural component by modeling them as unique one-dimensional (1D) finite elements with conforming meshes. However, when considering intricate geometries, using a conforming mesh may lead to a vast increment in degrees of freedom. To reduce the computational cost, the embedded CW approach is proposed in this paper. The results shown in the document present a good agreement with reference solutions of previous CW works with savings in terms of degrees of freedom. This reduction can be helpful when more intricate geometries are considered.
SIMULATING THE PYROLYSIS OF PHENOLIC RESIN USING REACTIVE MOLECULAR DYNAMICS
Authors: GALLEGOS IVAN , KEMPPAINEN JOSH , GISSINGER JACOB R. , WISE KRISTOPHER E. , KOWALIK MARGARET , ODEGARD GREGORY M.
Published: November 2023

Phenolic resin is a thermosetting polymer that has historically been used as a carbon matrix precursor for carbon-carbon composite manufacturing due to its relatively high char yield. However, the complex structural and chemical changes occurring during pyrolysis are difficult to characterize in situ. This work presents a novel method for modeling the pyrolysis processes for a polymerized phenolic resin using reactive molecular dynamics. The characteristics of the pyrolyzed model structures agree with experimental X-ray diffraction studies on glassy carbon matrices, with interplanar spacings of 3.80 ± 0.06 Å and crystallite heights of 10.98 ± 0.35 Å. The resulting structures are free of defects, and the mass densities of 2.01 ± 0.03 g/cm3 and Young’s moduli of 123.29 ± 22 GPa are found to be in reasonable agreement when compared to skeletal mass densities of glassy carbon and Young’s moduli of nanoscale glassy carbon thin films, respectively10.12783/asc38/36544
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF COMPOUNDING METHODS AND PROCESSING OF PLA/GNPS ON THE MICROMORPHOLOGY AND ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY
Authors: 10.12783/asc38/36548 ANURAKPARADORN KANAT , TAUB ALAN
Published: November 2023

In this work, the effects of different compounding and processing techniques on the DC electrical conductivity and density of polylactic acid (PLA)/ graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) composites were studied. It is found from the study that compounding by solution mixing via an ultrasonication technique can provide slightly higher DC electrical conductivity after compression molding than mixing through a twin-screw extruder due to better dispersion quality. In addition, a composite pellet from twin screw extrusion showed a slight increase in DC electrical conductivity and anisotropy when processed by filament extrusion due to the shear alignment of GNPs during the extrusion. The fused deposition modeling (FDM) process yields high anisotropy because the crystallization along the printing path allows gaps and polymer coating between the extruded lines and layers. It was found that the 7.5 wt% GNPs composites exhibited the best properties because it provides the best dispersion quality to meet the percolation threshold. Furthermore, the micromorphology of each sample was also studied to observe the dispersion and porosity inside the composite provided by each fabrication technique. This study can be used as a reference for compounding and processing techniques.
ACCELERATING COMPOSITE CURE CYCLE OPTIMIZATION WITH COMBINED PROBABILISTIC MACHINE LEARNING AND FINITE ELEMENT PROCESS SIMULATION
Authors: FU HUILONG , SCHOENHOLZ CALEB , PORTALES PAULINA , ESKANDARIYUN MIRALI , ZOBEIRY NAVID
Published: November 2023

Advanced composites are widely used in industries such as aerospace. To certify aerospace structures, the manufacturing process of composites is tightly controlled to ensure compliance with process specifications (i.e., process specs). For example, in autoclave curing of thermoset composites, process specs often limit the maximum temperature in the composite part due to exothermic reaction, maximum thermal lag between the part and autoclave temperature cycle, as well as maximum part porosity and minimum degree of cure. Given all the requirements in process specs, optimizing the temperature cycle in autoclave curing to reduce cycle time and hence increase production throughput is often challenging. While Finite Element (FE) process simulation is used for coupled analysis of heat transfer and thermo-chemical curing reaction of composites during the curing process, due to the long simulation time of high-fidelity simulation models, optimization in the entire design spectrum is not feasible, and most often relies on trial-and-error and engineering insights. In this study, we present a novel framework based on combined probabilistic Machine Learning (ML) and FE to accelerate the process optimization of composites. The probabilistic ML is developed based on the underlying theory of curing and a mathematical foundation of Gaussian Process Regression (GPR). Instead of trial-and-error or time-consuming grid search, this approach relies on targeted FE evaluation of selected cure cycles by the ML model, such that in a step-by-step simulation approach, an optimized solution is obtained. While this approach minimizes the effort to optimize cure processing conditions, it also enables the evaluation of non-traditional cycles such as multi-ramps and holds to minimize the autoclave cycle time. For validation, the framework is applied to optimize the cure cycle of a thick HEXECL AS4/8552 composite laminate cured on a typical Invar tool. A validated FE model is used for process simulation along with the ML model for targeted evaluation. Results show that with only a few analysis steps, an optimized solution can be obtained to satisfy process specs while minimizing cycle time.
EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL VERIFICATION OF ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURED CARBON FIBER AND NANOREINFORCED FILAMENTS FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS
Authors: OMOLE OLUWASEUN , BISWAS PIAS KUMAR , SWARTZ LANDEN , HICKEY ALEXANDER , AGARWAL MANGILAL , DALIR HAMID
Published: November 2023

In this study, the mechanical behavior of implementing both continuous and short carbon fiber within Nylon and investigated for its effectiveness within additively manufactured prints. 0.1wt% of pure nylon was combined with carbon nanotubes through both dry and heat mixing to determine the best method and used to create printable filaments. Compression, tensile and short beam shear (SBS) samples were created and tested to determine maximum deformation and were simulated using ANSYS and its ACP Pre tool. SEM imaging was used to analyze CNT integration within the nylon filament, as well as the fractography of tested samples. Experimental testing shows that compressive strength increased by 28%, and the average SBS samples increased by 8% with minimal impacts on the tensile strength. The simulated results for Nylon/CF tensile samples were compared to experimental results and showed that lower amounts of carbon fiber samples tend to have lower errors.
FAILURE ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE C-SPARS UNDER INTER-LAMINAR TENSILE (ILT) CONFIGURATIONS: AN EXPERIMENTAL & NUMERICAL EVALUATION
Authors: SHAFIE MOHAMED , SENEVIRATNE WARUNA , TOMBLIN JOHN , RATHNAWEERA RUCHIRA , NADASON HARISHANKER
Published: November 2023

In designing composite structures, it is fundamental to understand critical areas of structural deficiencies that lead to failures. One such critical design element is the failure caused by out-of-plane loads propagating through the bending of a composite laminate. In such cases, load offsets and element heights are generally the primary contributors to moments and forces leading to the degree of bending. In curved beams, these load conditions result in inter-laminar tension (ILT) type failures between plies, resulting in delamination and eventual failure. This work investigates such an ILT failure mechanism on composite C-Spars. The C-Spar specimen was constructed entirely of a quasi-isotropic [45/0/-45/90]4S layup and consisted of two 90-degree radii along with straight web sections defining the height of the element. To examine the contribution of the bending moment, resultant force, and rotation on the unfolding radii, varying loading arm configurations were investigated with a pinned load applicator. High-fidelity finite element (FE) analysis using B-Spline Analysis Method (BSAM), developed under the Air Force Research Laboratories (AFRL), was also utilized to predict failure of the C-Spars. The FE models showed good agreement with that of the experimental data and predicted failure loads within 10% on multiple configurations while also mimicking the geometric nonlinearity under larger deformation. Having successfully modeled the rotation and failure of the C-Spar configuration, this enables further investigation into the critical inter-laminar stresses induced within the design of such structures.
EFFECTS OF IMPACT DAMAGE ON THE ENERGY ABSORPTION CAPABILITIES OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Authors: BHASIN AKHIL , KESHAVANARAYANA SURESH , MAICHAN TANAT , GOMEZ LUIS , OLIVARES GERARDO
Published: November 2023

In the current investigation, the effects of in-service impact damage on the energy absorption capabilities, and damage evolution of two different geometries, corrugated beams, and c-channel stanchions, have been presented. Both the energy absorber geometries were manufactured using two composite material systems, Hexcel IM7/8552 and Hexcel AS4 PW/8552. Two different stacking sequences evaluated were: [90o/0o]2S and [45o/90o/-45o/0o]s. The pristine specimens were secured in a nonstandard fixture and impacted at the center using a drop tower [1]. The specimens were impacted at different energy levels to introduce varying levels of damage. Postdamage introduction, compression tests were performed at 1 in/s using a high-speed servo-hydraulic test frame. All the tests were supported with high-speed Digital Image Correlation (DIC) to obtain damage evolution and surface strains. A comparison of the energy absorption capabilities and damage modes between the pristine specimens and specimens with impact damage has been reported.
HYDROTHERMAL AGING OF GLASS FIBER REINFORCED THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES
Authors: SUNNY JOHN , MORENO JORGE PALACIOS , NAZARIPOOR HADI , MERTINY PIERRE
Published: November 2023

Continuous fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRPC) are commonly made with a thermoset polymer matrix; however, thermoplastic matrix materials are increasingly employed as an effective substitute in recent years. FRPC used in structural applications are often exposed to water and humid environments, which may deteriorate their mechanical performance. Both thermoset and thermoplastic matrices offer considerable resistance to water ingress, yet, moisture exposure may significantly affect material performance during long-term exposure. These situations become more severe at higher temperatures, where degradation phenomena will be accelerated. Thus, knowledge of the extent of strength reduction under these conditions is a vital input to the engineering design of durable structures. The present study investigates the durability of unidirectional glass fiber reinforced composite tapes made with either a polypropylene or high-density polyethylene matrix, by conditioning samples in deionized water for up to 8 weeks at 60°C and 95°C. Water uptake behavior and tensile strength were measured. The focus of this work is to increase the understanding of damage effects that occur to the fiber matrix interphase and the glass fibers, as these components chiefly dictate the performance of the composite. Mechanical testing was performed on dried material samples after aging. Chemical elements that may have leached into the aging fluid during conditioning were analyzed, and virgin and aged samples were characterized to explore the responsible mechanism for fiber degradation by environmental aging.