bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ENSAIO SOBRE APLICAÇÕES DIDÁTICAS DA TEORIA DE REPRESENTAÇÃO SOCIAL
Authors: Rangel Mary
Published: February 2021

Este estudo tem o propósito de sugerir aos professores que considerem a possibilidade de aplicação didática de categorias da representação social, com particular atenção à sua estrutura, constituída de um núcleo central e elementos periféricos. No estilo de um ensaio, o texto desenvolve uma argumentação apoiada em premissas teóricas que sustentam a seqüência das análises. O ensaio admite um encadeamento de idéias de modo menos rígido e mais flexível, sem pretender afirmações conclusivas, ou comprovação e generalização de dados. Enfatiza-se, na aplicação didática da teoria de representação social, a atenção a conceitos, observando-se o núcleo de significados em torno do qual se organizam as noções complementares. Desse modo, sugere-se que no processo de ensino-aprendizagem o professor fique atento à estrutura de cada conceito, de acordo com referências da estrutura das representações. Com essa proposta, o presente estudo insere-se também no movimento em favor da consolidação do vínculo entre ensino e pesquisa, observando que os princípios de uma teoria poderão também, conforme o encaminhamento de sua formulação, ser considerados como princípios didáticos.
DIFICULDADES DE APRENDIZAGEM E CONHECIMENTO: UM OLHAR À LUZ DA TEORIA PIAGETIANA
Authors: Saravali Eliane Giachetto , Guimarães Karina Perez
Published: February 2021

O artigo apresenta reflexões sobre conceitos importantes da teoria de Jean Piaget e suas implicações para as questões voltadas aos alunos que não aprendem. Discute a rotulação que o termo dificuldade de aprendizagem impõe ao estudante, abordando uma perspectiva desenvolvimentista e construtivista do problema. São apresentadas concepções teóricas a respeito das dificuldades de aprendizagem, bem como considerações sobre olhares diferenciados para essa questão, à luz da teoria piagetiana. Discute-se a importância do conhecimento do psicopedagogo sobre a temática, a fim de que sua atuação não se caracterize pela repetição de rótulos, mas pela consideração dos reais processos percorridos pelos alunos. Esse conhecimento deve ser conseqüência de uma formação sólida que fundamente o futuro profissional, sobretudo, nos momentos de avaliação e intervenção. Palavras-chave: Dificuldades de aprendizagem. Teoria piagetiana. Psicopedagogia. O artigo apresenta reflexões sobre conceitos importantes da teoria de Jean Piaget e suas implicações para as questões voltadas aos alunos que não aprendem. Discute a rotulação que o termo dificuldade de aprendizagem impõe ao estudante, abordando uma perspectiva desenvolvimentista e construtivista do problema. São apresentadas concepções teóricas a respeito das dificuldades de aprendizagem, bem como considerações sobre olhares diferenciados para essa questão, à luz da teoria piagetiana. Discute-se a importância do conhecimento do psicopedagogo sobre a temática, a fim de que sua atuação não se caracterize pela repetição de rótulos, mas pela consideração dos reais processos percorridos pelos alunos. Esse conhecimento deve ser conseqüência de uma formação sólida que fundamente o futuro profissional, sobretudo, nos momentos de avaliação e intervenção.
EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO E MST
Authors: Dos Santos Fernando Henrique Tisque , De Souza Maria Antônia
Published: February 2021

A participação dos movimentos sociais do campo, em especial do MST (Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem-Terra), na elaboração de uma proposta de educação orientada para seus interesses é crescente desde a década de 1980, bem como a reivindicação da construção de escolas públicas em assentamentos de Reforma Agrária. Este trabalho é parte da pesquisa que teve como intenção aprofundar a discussão sobre Educação do Campo no Brasil e, em especial, no estado do Paraná. Foram utilizadas como fundamentação teórica obras que discutem os movimentos sociais, os movimentos sociais do campo, a formação do MST no Brasil e a proposta pedagógica do MST. As experiências de luta do MST pela terra contribuíram para a construção de uma pedagogia que valoriza as diferenças histórico-culturais do homem do campo. Nessa perspectiva, a Educação do Campo está em movimento de (re) construção, tendo emvista que as experiências não são ações isoladas e encontram-se num intenso exercício entre prática-teoriaprática. No estado do Paraná constatamos que a ação dos movimentos sociais tem sido fundamental para que o governo desenvolva a preocupação com a educação do campo, a exemplo dos seminários de educação do campo que já foram realizados e das iniciativas no âmbito da formação de professores.
Spilt kunnskap på lektorutdanninga
Authors: Strandbu Astrid , Weines Jørn , Esaiassen Margrethe
Published: February 2021

Forskning viser at læringsmetoder som engasjerer studentene kan bidra til økt læringslyst og læringsutbytte. Et eksempel er bruk av spill som pedagogisk virkemiddel. Ved lektorutdanninga 8-13 ved UiT har Kunnskapsspillet stått sentralt i kvalitetsutviklingen av et førstesemesteremne i pedagogikk hvor formålet var å styrke profesjonsrelevans og økte studentenes trivsel og trygghet. I artikkelen undersøkes hvordan spillbasert læring bidrar til læringsutbytte, og hvilke kvaliteter studentene erfarer gjennom bruken av spillet. Artikkelen er teoretisk forankret i sosiokulturell læringsteori. Datamaterialet er evalueringer fra 274 studenter fra tre kull. Resultatene viser at studentene er positive til anvendelsen av spillet og erfarer at spillet bidrar til læringslyst, læringsutbytte og opplevelse av meningsfull sammenheng. I artikkelen diskuteres kvaliteter ved bruk av spillet og profesjonsrelevans. I videre styrking av læringslyst og læringsutbytte er det viktig å fokusere på frekvens ved anvendelse av spillet og underviserens rolle i læringsprosesser med spillbasert læring.
El futuro de la Universidad, cuando el futuro es Hoy
Authors: De Castilla-Urbina Miguel
Published: February 2021

El Profesor Miguel De Castilla aborda en el presente trabajo las funciones que deben realizar las instituciones universitarias, tales como: investigación, docencia y extensión, que se mueven circularmente como sistema y como proceso. A esta relación se le conoce como Modelo Académico Universitario. De Castilla asevera que el perfil del nivel de desarrollo de los Modelos Académicos Universitarios va a ser diferente según cada universidad, y de igual manera serán iguales o parecidos a su entorno social.

Respecto a las relaciones en el interior de las universidades hay ruptura y separación entre las ciencias que se enseñan en el aula de clases y las ciencias de las cuales parten los investigadores en los procesos investigativos particulares. Referente a las relaciones de la universidad con los sectores económicos y sociales, la situación de separación y ruptura es igual.

La situación de la Universidad contemporánea, tanto de los países altamente desarrollados como la de los países de menor desarrollo, debe cumplir con todo el ciclo de la Sociedad del Conocimiento.
Comparison of Growth Responses in Sorghum Genotypes and Corn Grown in Arid Regions Under Different Levels of Water and Nitrogen Supplies
Authors: Asadi Marzieh , Eshghizadeh Hamid Reza
Published: February 2021

Improving the productivity of cropping systems in terms of irrigation water use and nitrogen (N) fertilizer and exploring the associated effective physiological traits are priorities mostly in water-limited areas. Therefore, this field experiment was conducted on a clay loam soil (thermic family of Typic Haplargids) in central Iran with the three planting dates of 2016 (June 30), early 2017 (June 10), and late 2017 (July 11). Three forage sorghum genotypes including SF002, SF001, and Pegah, three grain sorghum genotypes of MGS5, GS24, GS28, and one common corn hybrid were grown under two irrigation regimes (55% and 85% of the maximum allowable depletion – MAD) as well as two N levels (0 and 112.5 kg N ha−1 in the form of urea, 46% N). The results showed considerable genetic variation among the sorghum genotypes in terms of yield. Due to water-limited conditions, the grain and biomass yields of the corn hybrid were decreased more those of sorghum genotypes. However, higher potential sorghum genotypes recorded total dry biomass (shoot biomass and grain yield) values similar to those of corn under both normal and deficit irrigation regimes. On the other hand, the grain share of the total biomass in the corn hybrid was higher in the two irrigation regimes. Under deficit irrigation, the use efficiency values of irrigation water (IWUEb) and N fertilizer (NUEb) for the biomass yield in Pegah and GS24 were higher than those in the corn hybrid. However, IWUEg and NUEg in corn were significantly higher under both irrigation regimes compared to those recorded for even the high-yield potential genotypes of the grain and forage sorghum. The positive effects of N application on the plants declined under water-limited stress, but the negative effects of water deficit stress were reduced with N application, while dry matter and grain yield increased as a consequence of the increase in the maximum leaf area index, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid contents, as well as the enhanced antioxidant activities of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase enzymes. It can be concluded that the corn-based planting system is superior to sorghum even under low irrigation conditions, and N supply could moderate the negative effects of water shortage stress on plant growth.
Health System in Poland
Authors: Ślęzak Daniel , Żuratyński Przemysław , Nadolny Klaudiusz , Robakowska Marlena , Kalis Alicja
Published: February 2021

Health care systems face challenges related to the technological advances in medicine, demographic changes and limited opportunities for growth funding for health, necessitating greater involvement in the search for more efficient systems. The authors present the functioning of the Polish health care system based on social, historical outline of the healthcare system in Poland and the functioning of the National Health Fund (NFZ). Poland has undergone many reforms of the health care system, the Bismarck model, the model Siemaszko, and finally to a model of universal health insurance. So everyone has the same right to health care services financed by the NFZ or directly from the state budget (eg. The system of state emergency medical services). The National Health Fund allows anyone insured to free healthcare and reimbursement of medicines. Introduced information about information programs.
Multiple Voices on Authorship and Authority in Biomedical Publications
Authors: DeTora Lisa M. , Alam Sabina , Citrome Leslie , Holbrook J. Britt , Skobe Catherine , Stezhka Tanya , Toroser Dikran
Published: February 2021

The intersection of industry sponsorship, government regulation, academic interests, and medical journals is a core interest in biomedical research, and one that overlaps with concerns in the rhetoric of health and medicine (RHM). At stake in conversations about this intersection are authority and participation: who is and is not invited to offer opinions and, even when invited, whose opinions are taken seriously. Following, colleagues with ties to the International Society of Medical Publication Professionals (ISMPP) present their ideas in response to questions about authorship and authority posed by another, who is also an RHM scholar. The answers of medical journal editors and publications professionals employed by corporate entities largely align with the view that both authorship and authority should be determined by scientific practice and knowledge rather than power relations or politics. A philosopher who gave an invited plenary talk at the national ISMPP meeting and participated in the organization’s first white paper offers a different perspective, considering the ways that fields self-constitute in part by bounding authority and authorship.
Bosnia and Herzegovina’s eroding Dayton constitutional order
Authors: Mujanović Jasmin
Published: February 2021

On the 25th anniversary of the Dayton Agreement, this article assesses the current state of Euro-Atlantic integration in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its starting point is that Dayton represented not a breach but a continuation of the politics which destroyed Yugoslavia and that salvaging the country’s democratic potential requires a paradigmatic break from virtually all its socio-political practices and institutions. In these contexts, the article’s central focus on the ‘Bosnian Spring’ which took place right across the country in (and in the run-up to) 2014 provides a salutary reminder of the ability of ordinary people to come together to demand socio-economic justice and, in doing so, to step out of the ethno-nationalist rigidities imposed by Dayton. While those protests ran out of steam, such events are the only ones by which elites can historically be persuaded to concede democratic ground. Dismantling the ethno-nationalist narrative remains the challenge and, when it becomes clear that change will not come from within the system, it becomes the task of ordinary citizens to create democratic institutions that are worth the label.
Zweitlotterien
Authors: Gärtner Hauke
Published: February 2021

“Secondary lotteries” distributed by private operators without a German license via the Internet allow players to bet on large national and international lotteries without participating in them – and threaten the billions generated by the German state lottery monopoly. The present study comprehensively analyses the regulatory framework for lottery betting in Germany, which is characterised by considerable shortcomings regarding law making and enforcement. The interaction of the different levels of regulation – the German State Treaty on Gambling, European Union and constitutional law – as well as the special requirements for the coherence and consistency of state behaviour in the gambling sector are explained in detail.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Vitamin A in the Treatment of Idiopathic Microscopic Hematuria in Children
Authors: Yousefichaijan Parsa , Rezagholizamenjany Masoud , Dorreh Fatemeh , Taherahmadi Hassan , Rafiei Mohamad , Abbasi Saeide , Arjmand Ali , Mousavi Zahra
Published: February 2021

Background: Hematuria is a symptom with a prevalence of 0.5% to 2% in those aged 5 - 12 years. Different factors can influence the severity of hematuria, including vitamin A (as a micronutrient). Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of vitamin A on hematuria in children. Methods: In this clinical trial study, 156 children aged 5 - 12 years with Idiopathic Microscopic Hematuria are studied. Participants were divided into two groups of treatment and control (each with 76 subjects). Those in the treatment group received vitamin A as a pearl of 25000 in 14 days, in addition to the routine treatment. The control group only received routine handling. The basic information of patients were recorded using an author-develop form by the supervisor and intern. Urine samples were collected on 14, 28, and 42 days. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Statistical significance was considered when P-value < 0.05. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups concerning gender (P = 0.202), age (P = 0.330), father's education (P = 0.152), mother's education (P = 0.392), father's occupation (P = 0.125), mother's occupation (P = 0.265), and numbers of children in the family (P = 0.209) variables. Hematuria status on days 14 (P = 0.014), 28 (P = 0.001), and 42 after treatment (P = 0.001) was statistically more positive in the vitamin A group. Hence, there was a significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions: Vitamin A can reduce idiopathic microscopic hematuria. Hence, vitamin can be used as an alternative treatment to treat idiopathic hematuria in children.
Sepsis and Septic Shock; Current Treatment Dilemma and Role of Stem Cell Therapy in Pediatrics
Authors: Dinc Gokcen , Gonen Zeynep Burcin , Soltani Jafar , Doganay Mehmet
Published: February 2021

Context: Sepsis’s primary therapy consists of antibiotics therapy, supportive therapies, and source control of infection. The failure rate of this approach is about 20 - 40%. The widespread use of antibiotics has caused multiple drug resistance in primary etiological agents of sepsis in community-acquired and healthcare-associated infections. In the absence of new antibiotic options, alternative treatment modalities seem necessary. Evidence Acquisition: Herein, we have reviewed and discussed current problems with sepsis management and stem cell therapy in sepsis, preclinical, experimental studies, and early-phase clinical trials using stem cells to treat sepsis. In the preparation of the paper, PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection (Clarivate), Scopus, and the web address (www.clinicaltrials.gov) were searched by the keywords (sepsis and cell therapy, septic shock, and cell therapy). Results: After the inclusion of criteria, we reviewed 301 original articles. Few articles were found for phase II and phase III clinical trials. Eighty-three articles were included in the current review article. Besides problems with infection source control, the host immune response to the infection enumerated for primary underlying pathophysiologic dysregulation of sepsis and complicated the treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy offers a promising treatment option for sepsis. Indeed, immunomodulatory properties, antimicrobial activity, the capacity of protection against organ failure, enhance the resolution of tissue injury, tissue repair, and restoration after sepsis confer MSCs with a significant advantage to treat the immune and inflammatory dysfunctions associated with severe sepsis and septic shock. Conclusions: It seems that MSCs therapy exhibits an appropriate safety index. Future trials should focus on strengthening study quality, reporting MSCs’ therapeutic effects and adverse events. Although early clinical trials seem promising and have beneficial effects, we need more controlled clinical studies, especially in phases II and III.
Professional networking: Exploring differences between offline and online networking
Authors: Baumann Lea , Utz Sonja
Published: February 2021

Professional networking has mostly been researched in offline contexts. With professional social networking sites (SNS), such as LinkedIn or the German platform XING, professional networking can be extended to online contexts. Therefore, this study examines if people differ in the intensity of offline and online networking and if influence factors differentially predict offline and online networking. An exploratory online survey of working people (N = 326, Mage = 37 years, 56% women) revealed that mean values among the four different networking types did not differ significantly. However, people can be divided into four clusters of networkers (the minimal, the heavy, the mainly offline, and the mainly online networkers). When looking at influence factors, there is a positive association of people’s knowing about the benefits of networking and their networking intensity for all types of networking offline and online. Beyond that, the negative affective influence of anxiety towards unknown people on networking shows an interaction effect with networking type as it is stronger for offline networking than it is for online networking. The results indicate that professional social networking sites might help people with their networking pursuits by reducing negative emotions associated with networking, thereby contributing to a social compensation effect.
Sociocultural values, attitudes and risk factors associated with adolescent cyberbullying in East Asia: A systematic review
Authors: Park Miriam Sang-Ah , Golden Karen Jennifer , Vizcaino-Vickers Samuel , Jidong Dung , Raj Sanjana
Published: February 2021

Cyberbullying amongst adolescents is a rapidly growing and alarming global phenomenon that can significantly harm their well-being. Studying cyberbullying in East Asia is especially important, where peer pressure based on collectivistic ideals and rigid cultural scripts for social interactions remain strong. Furthermore, the countries represented in this review are amongst the top globally for internet usage, suggesting that adolescents in East Asia are likely to be excessive users of social media communication and be more exposed to various forms of cyberbullying. This systematic review summarizes findings from peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters on cyberbullying amongst adolescents between the ages of 10 and 19 in East Asian countries (N = 21). SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and PsycINFO databases were searched for relevant work published between 2008 and 2020. Search strategies involved using keywords related to cyberbullying, adolescents, East Asia, and the name of each country represented in the region (China, South Korea, Japan, Hong Kong and Taiwan). Key factors associated with cyberbullying specific to adolescents in this region are identified and discussed in this review, such as gender socialization patterns and literacy with digital media communication, emphasis on academic achievement and school factors, urban-rural digital divide, relationship with parents and teachers, and collectivistic values. The present review highlights the need to pay further attention to the sociocultural context in future cyberbullying research and calls for more context-specific cyberbullying prevention programs and awareness initiatives.
Virtually renovating the Trauma Film Paradigm: Comparing virtual reality with on-screen presentation of an analogue trauma
Authors: Baptie Grace , Andrade Jackie , Bacon Alison M. , Norman Alyson
Published: February 2021

Due to the unpredictable nature of traumatic events, prospective research into trauma relies upon laboratory methods utilising distressing film scenes to act as a trauma analogue measuring vulnerability factors and testing interventions applied to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This is the first study to test whether Virtual Reality (VR) provides a more effective trauma analogue than traditional on-screen presentation by direct comparison of the same real-life trauma film. Participants viewed footage of a staged car accident either presented in VR (N = 31) or on-screen (OS) (N = 30). Both groups recorded sense of presence, pre- and post-film mood and state anxiety. After the film, some participants (VR: n = 18; OS: n = 12) reported involuntary intrusions of the film and recorded the emotionality of these. VR presentation evoked a greater sense of presence, yet both VR and OS presentation elicited negative mood and involuntary intrusions. Although intrusions were more vivid in the VR condition, there were no significant differences in frequency or distress. However, a greater sense of presence, regardless of medium, was predictive of increased emotional reaction to the film and greater intrusion frequency and distress. Therefore, implementing a VR paradigm could be directly beneficial for TFP research concerning sense of presence or vividness of intrusions. The association between enhanced sense of presence and stress response suggests that an effective trauma analogue should be immersive, and VR presentation is a useful medium to elicit a greater sense of immersion.
Perceptions of young adults’ problematic technology use among Australian youth professionals
Authors: Keen Brittany , Gainsbury Sally
Published: February 2021

The effects of excessive and problematic technology use on young people’s mental health has not been explored from the perspective of those who work closely with youth in a professional capacity. This study reports on findings from focus group interviews with 22 professionals in the fields of education, counselling and mental health, community and housing, social work, and drug and alcohol services. Most problems participants observed related to video gaming (predominantly amongst men) and social media use (predominantly amongst women). Participants perceived most harms to be related to social or psychological difficulties such as relationship breakdowns, isolation, low self-confidence, depressive symptoms, and unrealistic expectations of success. More tangible harms relating to homelessness, physical fighting resulting from online exclusion, and sleep disturbances leading to absence from school and work commitments were also reported, albeit less frequently. The relationship between technology use and poor psychosocial outcomes was conceptualised as being complex and often cyclic in nature, whereby disadvantage and family dynamics were often predictive of problems. Most services did not formally screen for technology-related problems, however many were interested in upskilling by way of training, awareness, and implementation of screening measures and formal referral procedures. This research suggests that young people are presenting with technology-related problems but that more needs to be done to provide youth services and organisations with adequate support to identify and assist with these issues.
La cohérence de la théorie de la substance chez Aristote entre les Catégories et la Métaphysique : ontologie et déterminologie
Authors: Moradi Ilan ,   Editua Polirom
Published: February 2021

In the Corpus Aristotelicum there are two different theories of substance which apply to the sublunary world. The first theory is found in the Categories and selects the individual concrete as a primary substance (πρώτη oὐσία). The second is found in the Metaphysics (mainly in book Z) and selects the Form (εἶδος) and the Essence (τὸ τί ἦν εἶναι) as a primary substance. Most of the interpretations of modern Aristotelian scholarship claim an inconsistency. They suggest that if at all Aristotle has a theory of substance, then it is either the substance theory of the Categories or the one of the Metaphysics but not both of them. The supposition of all these interpretations is that Aristotle’s theory of substance is unambiguous and that there can be only a single primary substance. These interpretations suppose that the theory of substance is applicable only to a single domain, namely to ontology.In my paper I argue that this supposition is false. I suggest that Aristotle’s theory of substance is applicable not only to ontology but also to the domain of determinology whose meaning is explained in the paper. The theory of substance of the Categories applies to ontology whereas the one of the Metaphysics applies to determinology. The two theories are consistent with each other in a way that there are two commensurate sorts of primary substance: the individual concrete as the ontological primary substance of the Categories and the Form‑Essence as the determinative primary substance of the Metaphysics.Furthermore, I claim that Aristotle’s concept of substance is manifold and flexible. The concept evolves and is expanded in the Metaphysics. It is manifold because his theory of substance has a certain structure which includes the following three criteria for selecting a primary substance: (1) subjecthood viz. being a subject (τὸ ὑποκείμενον), (2) independence (τὸ χωριστόν) and (3) (well) determined individuality (τὸ τόδε τι). Aristotle’s concept of substance is flexible because these criteria do not have an absolute signification per se but are general and relative. They get a final signification when they are applied either to the ontology in the Categories or to the determinology in the Metaphysics. Their application to a certain domain establishes a theory of substance according to the domain in question and selects a primary substance according to the same domain. Aristotle’s concept of substance is flexible also because in the Metaphysics he enlarges his first concept of substance expressed by the three criteria by adding a new sort of substancehood expressed by the idion criterion.
Essence and substance in Boethius
Authors: de Filippis Renato ,   Editua Polirom
Published: February 2021

Dans la réflexion métaphysico‑théologique de Boece, fondée sur la condition préalable de l’unicité de la vérité, les termes «essentia» et «substantia» jouent un role fondamental. Avec le premier, le sénateur romain indique généralement «ce qui fait d’une chose ce qu’elle est» ; avec le second, il désigne dans la plupart des cas le sujet porteur d’accidents. Les contradictions apparentes et les échanges terminologiques (liés avant tout à la «substantia») ne remettent pas en cause la valeur de Boèce en tant que philosophe, ni celle de son système spéculatif.
Entre réalité et possibilité
Authors: Lizzini Olga L. ,   Editua Polirom
Published: February 2021

The idea that defines quiddity – independence or neutrality in relation to the modalities of existence – allows Avicenna not only to speak of a duality in the being of existing things, but also to use apparently logically incompatible notions to qualify quiddity: that of reality (or truth), on the one hand, and that of possibility (or falsity), on the other. The very conception of the independence of quiddity – which lets us consider quiddity as a separate element in the existing thing – can be recognized in the resolution of the doubt that concludes the Maqāla fī l‑tawḥīd of Yaḥyā ibn ‘Adī (d. 974). A comparison between Avicenna’s discussion of quiddity in his Metaphysics and the discourse of Yaḥyā ibn ‘Adī confirms the idea that this Christian philosopher and theologian who was active in Baghdad in the tenth century could have played an important formative role in the ontology of the great Persian philosopher.
L’hexis comme privation de changement et d’alteration chez les Stoïciens
Authors: Protopapas·Marneli Maria ,   Editua Polirom
Published: February 2021

The Stoics try to demonstrate, in a theoretical context, more than any other philosophy, the link unifying the parts with the whole, in all areas of existence; namely, from man to divine reason, from god to nature – a tautological link in some cases – from matter to logos or creative pneuma. This unifying bond – hexis or continuity – guarantees the attachment between bodies which are in a state of sympathy (or interaction) which also constitutes their existence. It remains to seek the meaning of this notion; draw on its etymology: according to Bailly’s dictionary, the term hexis in Greek means among other meanings: action of possessing, possession. And according to the dictionary of L.‑S.‑J., hexis (proper noun) derives from the future of the verb ἕξω, from the verb ἔχω, (to have, to possess); in its intransitive form refers to a permanent condition, namely to an act, which results from practice.In order to make an attempt to define this concept or to orient its function, it seems appropriate for us to do some research – we could say historical –, consulting texts prior to Stoicism, examining its place and the nuances it takes in different contexts and finally, follow its interpretation where, according to philosophical approaches, it sometimes means disposition, habit, or situation. Nevertheless, the Stoics give this term an original meaning, different from the one that was granted to it until then. It is the hectic pneuma or the tension (tonos) prevalent in the universe. In this perspective, we will try to define its function and compare it with the notion of hexis in Aristotle, where it acquires the meaning of metaxy, in his Metaphysics, Δ, 1022b12.
De l’intellect a l’un: la notion de “συνυποστασις” chez Plotin
Authors: Roux Sylvain ,   Editua Polirom
Published: February 2021

At the end of Treatise 38 (VI 7), Plotinus presents an original analysis of the activity of the intellect. The intellectual activity of the soul cannot produce its object and thinks what is in the Intellect from which it comes. On the contrary, the Intellect produces its object (οὐσία) and its intellection is not the act of a substrate (ὑποκείμενον), as in the preceding case. In this context, Plotinus uses, to account for this particular form of intellect, a very rare notion in his work, that of συνυπόστασις. In our opinion, its use is at the origin of a true explanatory model that Plotinus uses in particular in Treatise 39 (VI 8) to think how the One can be what he wants to be. The use of this notion can therefore help us understand the meaning of freedom and will attributed to the first principle.
Intorno al teologhema della שכינה e all’antiallegorismo dello ἱλαστήριον presso Filone Alessandrino
Authors: Ottobrini Tiziano F. ,   Editua Polirom
Published: February 2021

This essay analyses the use of the term/concept hilasterion (‘propitiatorium’, i.e. the cover of Ark of Covenant) in the hypomnematic corpus by Philo of Alexandria. This subject needs to be examined in relationship with the Greek translation of the Septuagint and the exegesis of the Hebrew kapporeth ; so it will be argued that here Philo deals with semitic thought more than with the categories of Greek philosophy, since the real and bodily presence of God on hilasterion differs ontologically from any allegoric interpretation : only a sound Hebrew contextualisation of the theme as šekhînâ might take away this concern. As a result it means that, speculatively, there does not exist Philo Gracus only but this coexists with a sort of often neglected Philo Hebraicus too, when Greek allegory and allegorism fail to make sense, just as in the case of the special point of view of hilasterion, due to its semitic nature not totally compressible into Greek forma mentis.
Quel concept grec traduit essentia?
Authors: Auvray·Assayas Clara ,   Editua Polirom
Published: February 2021

Which Greek concept is translated by essentia ? The question is raised from a methodological perspective and aims at re‑examining the Latin texts on which philologists have based the history of essentia. Neither Cicero nor Seneca used the term, because they did not need it: its philosophical meaning is fully developed only when the theological discussions about the Trinity arise. The absence of essentia in the classical period gives some useful information about the way Plato was read at Rome: thus a critical history of the Latin philosophical lexicon should contribute to a better understanding of the reception of Greek philosophy in Rome.
Levetiracetam Compared to Phenobarbital as a First Line Therapy for Neonatal Seizures: An Unexpected Influence of Benzodiazepines on Seizure Response
Authors: Wagner Charlotte B. , Kreimer Alexander M. , Carrillo Nina P. , Autry Elizabeth , Schadler Aric , Cook Aaron M. , Leung Noelle R.
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVES

Neonatal seizures are common complications. Phenobarbital is the agent of choice but leads to adverse neurologic outcomes. There has been increased use of newer agents like levetiracetam. The objective of this study was determining the rate of seizure resolution in neonates treated with phenobarbital or levetiracetam.

METHODS

This was a retrospective, single-center, cohort study from June 1, 2012–June 1, 2018 evaluating seizure resolution in neonates following first-line treatment with phenobarbital versus levetiracetam. Data were collected via review of the patient's charts in the electronic medical record. The primary outcome was seizure resolution without addition of a second antiepileptic agent. Logistic regression was used to assess the impact of pertinent variables.

RESULTS

Each group included 73 patients. The mean gestational age was 36.01 and 37.91 weeks for the phenobarbital and levetiracetam groups, respectively (p = 0.011). The phenobarbital group had higher rates of intraventricular hemorrhage at baseline. The median birth weight was 2750 and 3002 grams in the phenobarbital and levetiracetam groups, respectively (p = 0.10). Forty-five neonates (61.6%) achieved seizure resolution with phenobarbital compared with 30 neonates (41.1%) with levetiracetam (p = 0.01). In neonates who did not receive a benzodiazepine, seizure resolution was similar between groups (51–52%). In neonates who received a benzodiazepine, seizure resolution rate was 94.1% (16/17 neonates) for phenobarbital and 18.2% (4/22 neonates) for levetiracetam.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings suggest seizure resolution with levetiracetam, and phenobarbital may be impacted by benzodiazepine administration. If no benzodiazepine is used, these agents demonstrated similar efficacy. Further research into the pharmacodynamic interaction with benzodiazepines is necessary.
Efficacy and Safety of Abatacept, Adalimumab, and Etanercept in Pediatric Patients With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Goettel Andrea M. , DeClercq Josh , Choi Leena , Graham Thomas B. , Mitchell Amy A.
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVE

The lack of randomized controlled trials comparing biologics for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) has led to wide variation in treatment approaches. The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of abatacept, adalimumab, and etanercept in JIA patients treated at a tertiary pediatric institution.

METHODS

This was a single-center, retrospective chart review of patients initiated on abatacept, adalimumab, or etanercept from December 1, 2015, to August 31, 2018, at Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt (VCH). The primary outcome was the change in the Physician Global Assessment (PGA) score after 4 to 6 months of biologic therapy. Secondary outcomes included change in laboratory markers of JIA disease activity, change in the number of joints with active disease or limitation of motion, reduction in corticosteroid dose, adverse effects, adherence among patients who have their medications filled at the institution's specialty pharmacy, and reason for discontinuation of therapy.

RESULTS

A total of 139 patients were included, with a median age of 13 years. Most patients, 80.6%, experienced a reduction in their PGA score after starting biologic therapy. There was not a statistically significant difference among the agents (p = 0.64). Adverse effects were reported in only 26.6% of patients, with the most frequent being injection site reactions or pain (n = 35). Ultimately, 32% of patients discontinued biologic therapy with a lack of efficacy being the most common reason.

CONCLUSIONS

Abatacept, adalimumab, and etanercept were not significantly different in efficacy and safety for the treatment of JIA at this single institution.
Concepções de gestores de serviços de saúde sobre a rede de atenção psicossocial a usuários de crack
Authors: Camatta Marcio Wagner , Siniak Débora Schlotefeldt , Schneider Jacó Fernando , Pinho Leandro Barbosa de , Eslabão Adriane Domingues , Ribeiro Danilo Bertasso
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer a concepção de gestores de serviços de saúde sobre a rede de atenção psicossocial a usuários de crack. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo avaliativa, com a utilização do referencial da Avaliação de Quarta Geração. Foi realizada em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial álcool e outras Drogas de um município do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre janeiro e maio de 2013, a partir de entrevistas orientadas pela utilização do círculo hermenêuticodialético. Resultados e Discussões: os gestores revelam uma concepção de rede intersetorial, reconhecendo os serviços da rede de atenção psicossocial e a articulação entre eles. Além disso, entendem a importância da parceria com dispositivos oriundos de outros setores da sociedade. Conclusões: os gestores do município têm se empenhado em constituir uma política de saúde mental centrada no usuário, com articulação intersetorial, defendendo os princípios da reforma psiquiátrica e da atenção psicossocial.
Propriedades psicométricas do índice de vulnerabilidade clínico-funcional - 20 na atenção primária à saúde
Authors: Ribeiro Edmar Geraldo , Mendoza Isabel Yovana Quispe , Moraes Edgar Nunes de , Alvarenga Marcia Regina Martins , Cintra Marco Túlio Gualberto , Guimarães Gilberto de Lima
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: analisar as propriedades psicométricas do Índice de Vulnerabilidade Clínico-Funcional - 20 na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: estudo metodológico, analítico, de abordagem quantitativa com 396 idosos. Analisado com base na Teoria de Resposta ao Item, utilizou-se o modelo logístico de dois parâmetros - dificuldade e discriminação. Foi verificada a validade de construto e validade de critério concorrente. A confiabilidade e precisão foram avaliadas pelo alfa de Cronbach e correlação bisserial. A unidimensionalidade foi verificada por meio da análise fatorial exploratória. Resultados: todos os itens apresentaram correlação bisserial positiva com a variável latente. O primeiro fator explicou 20% da variância total; os parâmetros para a validade de construto e critério concorrente foram considerados adequados. O alfa de Cronbach geral foi de 0,73. Conclusão: o Índice de Vulnerabilidade Clínico Funcional - 20 possui qualidades psicométricas satisfatórias, sendo um instrumento válido e consistente para triagem da fragilidade no idoso na Atenção Primária à Saúde.
Condições de trabalho de enfermeiras, técnicas e auxiliares de enfermagem em hospitais públicos
Authors: Santos Tatiane Araújo dos , Suto Cleuma Sueli Santos , Santos Jamilli Silva , Souza Ednir Assis , Góes Melicia Maria da Conceição Silva Reis , Melo Cristina Maria Meira
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: analisar as condições de trabalho vivenciadas por enfermeiras(os), técnicas(os) e auxiliares de Enfermagem em hospitais públicos. Método: estudo qualitativo, descritivo, em que foram entrevistadas 122 trabalhadoras de Enfermagem de 15 hospitais públicos de um estado do Nordeste do Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre os meses de março de 2015 e fevereiro de 2016, em setores assistenciais, incluindo ambulatórios, enfermarias e unidades de alta complexidade. O instrumento utilizado foi um questionário semiestruturado com questões disparadoras. Os dados foram organizados e processados com o auxílio do software Iramuteq, que gerou nuvem de palavras e árvore de similitude. Resultados: da análise emergiram quatro categorias que revelaram, por meio dos discursos das trabalhadoras, que a falta de insumos, o local inadequado para descanso, a impossibilidade de gozar as folgas advindas das horas extras laboradas e os baixos salários são fatores que permitem classificar como precárias as condições de trabalho de enfermeiras, técnicas e auxiliares de Enfermagem nos hospitais públicos estudados. Conclusão: o desgaste da força de trabalho de profissionais da Enfermagem, em decorrência de condições precárias ofertadas pelo Estado, pode contribuir para o adoecimento das trabalhadoras e expor usuários a riscos, pois implicam diretamente a qualidade da prestação da assistência.
experiência em lecionar para crianças e adolescentes com transtornos mentais
Authors: Nunes Fabiana Viana , Giacon-Arruda Bianca Cristina Ciccone , Antonio-Viegas Mayara Caroline Ribeiro , Cardoso Luana Cristina Bellini , Galera Sueli Aparecida Frari , Bonfim Tassia de Arruda , Teston Elen Ferraz , Cardoso Lucilene
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: conhecer as vivências de professores em lecionar para crianças e adolescentes com transtorno mental e suas necessidades no processo ensino-aprendizagem. Método: trata-se de estudo descritivo, qualitativo, realizado com 11 professores de escolas públicas do nível médio e fundamental de um município do norte do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Os dados foram coletados por meio da entrevista aberta, em profundidade, no período de agosto a setembro de 2017 e submetidos à análise temática de conteúdo. As vivências foram agrupadas e separadas em duas categorias: "o lecionar - dificuldades, necessidades e estratégias" e "o desafio da inclusão". Resultados: sentimentos como frustração, medo e preocupação em não desempenhar adequado papel como educador foram mencionados. Identificou-se a falta de conhecimento dos professores e de estrutura das instituições para um processo de ensino-aprendizagem adequado que promova a inclusão. E, também, a fragilidade da articulação entre escola e serviços de saúde. Considerações finais: destaca-se a necessidade da articulação das instituições de educação e saúde, que pode auxiliar o planejamento corresponsável de estratégias que favoreçam o processo de ensino-aprendizagem das crianças e adolescentes com transtornos mentais, a assistência integral e a inclusão.
Evidências de validade da spiritual care competence scale para estudantes de graduação em enfermagem brasileiros
Authors: Guilherme Caroline , Fulquini Francine Lima , Ribeiro Vanessa Santos , Gadioli Bárbara , Eduardo Aline Helena Appoloni , Caldeira Silvia , Leeuwen René van , Carvalho Emilia Campos
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: realizar a tradução e adaptação cultural da Spiritual Care Competence Scale para uso entre estudantes de graduação em Enfermagem e verificar evidências de validade da versão adaptada dessa escala. Método: estudo metodológico conduzido com 266 estudantes de Enfermagem, em uma universidade pública brasileira do estado de São Paulo. A escala foi submetida a um processo de tradução e adaptação cultural e análise das propriedades psicométricas (validade de construto e fidedignidade). Resultados: as equivalências linguística e conceitual foram obtidas; a escala mostrou boa aceitação entre os estudantes; seis subescalas foram obtidas pela análise fatorial exploratória, com cargas fatoriais dos itens superiores a 0,46; alguns itens foram realocados diferentemente da escala original. A consistência interna avaliada pelo alfa de Cronbach das subescalas, a partir da distribuição obtida pela análise fatorial exploratória, variou de 0.54 a 0.87. O indicador AC1 Gwet evidenciou correlação entre os momentos teste e reteste para todos os itens (p<0.01). Conclusão: a versão da Spiritual Care Competence Scale adaptada para estudantes de Enfermagem brasileiros apresentou boas evidências de validade baseada na estrutura interna e confiabilidade. Ela pode ser usada em estudos futuros.
Percepção da enfermagem quanto aos desafios e estratégias no contexto da segurança do paciente pediátrico
Authors: Costa Anna Caroline Leite , Silva Daniela Cristina Zica , Correa Allana dos Reis , Marcatto Juliana de Oliveira , Rocha Patrícia Kuerten , Matozinhos Fernanda Penido , Manzo Bruna Figueiredo
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: compreender a percepção da equipe de Enfermagem quanto aos desafios e estratégias vivenciados em relação à segurança do paciente pediátrico. Métodos: estudo qualitativo, exploratório, realizado com 16 profissionais de Enfermagem que atuam em uma unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica de um hospital público de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio entrevistas semiestruturadas e submetidos à análise temática, utilizando interacionismo simbólico como referencial teórico. Resultados: os achados foram divididos em duas categorias: “desafios vivenciados pela equipe de Enfermagem para o alcance da segurança do paciente” e “estratégias utilizadas para garantia da segurança do paciente”. A percepção da equipe de Enfermagem abrange aspectos que perpassam desde a falta de alinhamento em relação ao conhecimento sobre a temática da segurança do paciente até a dificuldade em reconhecer os riscos, problemas na notificação do evento adverso, sobrecarga de trabalho e falta de rotina no serviço. Observou-se, porém, que os profissionais fizeram proposições e reconheceram a necessidade de investimento em estratégias relevantes para o aprimoramento da segurança do paciente que até o momento não foram efetivadas. Conclusão: os desafios vivenciados precisam ser avaliados pelos profissionais e gestores em busca de planejamento e execução de estratégias mais efetivas na busca de melhoria da segurança dos pacientes pediátricos, o que inclui o investimento na capacitação de profissionais e estímulo ao envolvimento de familiares.
Vírus corona-2-2019 associado à síndrome respiratória aguda grave
Authors: Pedroso Enio Roberto Pietra
Published: February 2021

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