bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation between measures of hypoglycemia and glycemic improvement in sulfonylurea treated patients with type 2 diabetes in India
Authors: Kalra S , Deepak MC , Narang P , Singh V , Maheshwari A
Published: May 2014

Background:

This study aimed to assess correlation between measures of hypoglycemia and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with sulfonylureas.

Materials and Methods:

T2DM patients being initiated on a sulfonylurea (SU) on background of a failing oral antihyperglycemic regimen were followed up for 12 weeks. (HbA1c) was measured at baseline and end of follow-up. Hypoglycemia was assessed using Stanford Hypoglycemia Questionnaire at week 12.

Results:

Of the total 1069 patients enrolled, 950 were considered evaluable. A weak negative correlation was observed between end of follow-up HbA1c values and hypoglycemia score, using both linear regression analysis (correlation coefficient -0.12; P = 0.0002) and negative binomial regression (β slope -0.09; P = 0.0010). A similar correlation was also observed between change in HbA1c from baseline and hypoglycemia score (β slope -0.07; P = 0.0048). Mean HbA1c reduction was lowest (0.65 ± 2.27%) in patients not reporting any hypoglycemia and highest (1.28 ± 2.40%) in patients with hypoglycemia score greater than median of 2 (P = 0.0031). There was no correlation between hypoglycemia frequency and end of follow-up HbA1c values (P = 0.4111).

Conclusion:

With addition of SU on a background of a failing oral anti-hyperglycemic regimen, the extent of glycemic control correlates directly with measures of patient reported hypoglycemia.
Intended intramuscular gluteal injections
Authors: Dayananda L , Belaval VV , Raina A , Chandana R
Published: May 2014

Context:

In patients with obesity, intramuscular injections may be deposited subcutaneously due to an increase in gluteal fat. We aimed to use abdominal CT done in our institute for gluteal fat thickness to test our hypothesis.

Materials and Methods:

After IRB approval, CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis of the past 6 months were analyzed. The thickness of gluteal region subcutaneous fat was measured in a standardized manner.

Results:

Out of 700 CT scans, studied, 476 were males and 224 were females. The average gluteal fat thickness was 2.34 cm +/- 1 cm. The average fat thickness in males was 1.98 cm +/- 0.98 cm whereas in females was 3.0 cm +/- 1.2 cm. Subcutaneous granulomas were seen in 17 cases and one injection granuloma in the intramuscular plane.

Conclusion:

A significant number of female patients had increased gluteal fat thickness beyond the reach of routinely used needles. The medications in these patients will thus be unintentionally injected to subcutaneous plane, possibly altering the pharmacokinetics.
Understanding your student
Authors: Prithishkumar IJ , Michael SA
Published: May 2014

Background:

Students have different preferences in the assimilation and processing of information. The VARK learning style model introduced by Fleming includes a questionnaire that identifies a person's sensory modality preference in learning. This model classifies students into four different learning modes; visual (V), aural (A), read/write (R), and kinesthetic (K).

Materials and Methods:

The 16-point multiple choice VARK questionnaire version 7.1 was distributed to first year undergraduate medical students after obtaining permission for use.

Results:

Seventy-nine students (86.8%) were multimodal in their learning preference, and 12 students (13.8%) were unimodal. The highest unimodal preference was K-7.7%. Surprisingly, there were no visual unimodal learners. The commonest learning preference was the bimodal category, of which the highest percentage was seen in the AK (33%) and AR (16.5%) category. The most common trimodal preference was ARK (8.9%). The total individual scores in each category were V-371, A-588, R/W-432, and K-581; auditory and kinesthetic being the highest preference. Visual mode had the lowest overall score. There was no significant difference in preference between the sexes.

Conclusion:

Students possess a wide diversity in learning preferences. This necessitates teachers to effectively deliver according to the needs of the student. Multiple modalities of information presentation are necessary to keep the attention and motivation of our students requiring a shift from the traditional large-group teacher-centric lecture method to an interactive, student-centric multimodal approach.
Vemurafenib-induced bilateral facial palsy
Authors: Shailesh FNU , Singh M , Tiwari U , Hutchins LF
Published: May 2014

The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Vemurafenib in August 2011, for treatment of melanoma with BRAF V600 mutation. It has shown improvement in the median overall survival of melanoma patients. The most common adverse effects of vermurafenib are arthralgia, rash, alopecia, photosensitivity and fatigue. Other infrequent and severe adverse reactions reported in patients include keratocanthomas, hypersensitivity, Stevens Johnson Syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, uveitis, QT prolongation, and hepatotoxicity. We hereby present a case of bilateral facial palsy as an adverse effect of vemurafenib therapy, seen after six weeks of commencement of the drug. Complete resolution of the symptoms was seen when the patient was taken off vemurafenib.
Acute infectious purpura fulminans due to probable spotted fever
Authors: Kundavaram A , Francis NR , Jude AP J , Varghese GN
Published: May 2014

Purpura fulminans (PF) is associated with several infections, most notably with meningococcus, staphylococcus, and streptococcus infections. However, there are few reports of association of this entity with spotted fever from India. We report the case of a 55-year-old man who presented with fever, headache, and myalgia. On the seventh day of fever he developed nonblanching purple hemorrhagic purpura on the trunk and most prominently on the extremities consistent with purpura fulminans. Immunofluorescent assay confirmed the diagnosis of spotted fever. PF though common with rocky mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is rarely seen in association with Indian tick typhus, the usual cause of spotted fever in India.
Increasing serum calcium levels and recent return from transplantation as clues to the tuberculous nature of refractory peritoneal dialysis peritonitis
Authors: Rodriguez-Osorio L , Fernandez-Fernandez B , Martin-Cleary C , Ortiz A
Published: May 2014

Peritoneal tuberculosis is an uncommon complication of peritoneal dialysis in Europe. It is more common in Asian immigrants. A delayed diagnosis is frequent and impairs patient outcomes. We present two cases of peritoneal tuberculosis with common features that may help suspect the disease early countries with a low incidence. Both patients were females (of Spanish origin) who had recently restarted peritoneal dialysis following kidney transplantation. Both developed bacterial peritonitis clinically that was refractory to conventional antibiotics, despite clearance of bacteria. Both stopped calcium-containing phosphate binders because of increasing serum calcium that in one case led to frank hypercalcemia that persisted despite low calcium dialysate. Peritoneal biopsy was the first positive test in both cases. This report emphasizes the recent return from transplantation and rising serum calcium levels as features that should alert the physician of a potential underlying tuberculous peritonitis.
Evanescent eosinophilic gastritis in recurrent Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Nasa Mukesh , Patel Jignesh , Choksey Ajay , Patel Bhumit , Phadke Aniruddha , Sawant Prabha
Published: May 2014

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is characterized histologically by eosinophilic infiltration of the gut wall and clinically manifests by gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. A high index of suspicion is required for the early diagnosis of this uncommon disease in patients who have concomitant GI symptoms and peripheral eosinophilia. This unusual case who initially had duodenal ulcer with duodenal stenosis, responded to Helicobacter pylori treatment and dilatation. He was symptom free for 2 years. Subsequently, developed evanescent eosinophilic gastritis and recurrent H. pylori infection with refractory prepyloric ulceration, but no duodenal stenosis. Eosinophilic gastritis and H. pylori infection initially responded to treatment, but subsequently the patient developed nonhealing prepyloric ulcer and refractory H. pylori infection and had persistent symptoms; all these necessitated surgical intervention consisting of antrectomy with gastrojejunostomy.
Positive speed for high-degree automaton groups
Authors: Amir Gideon , Virág Bálint
Published: May 2014

Mother groups are the basic building blocks for polynomial automaton groups. We show that, in contrast with mother groups of degree 0 or 1, any bounded, symmetric, generating random walk on the mother groups of degree at least 3 has positive speed. The proof is based on an analysis of resistance in fractal mother graphs. We give upper bounds on resistances in these graphs, and show that infinite versions are transient.
From automatic structures to automatic groups
Authors: Kharlampovich Olga , Khoussainov Bakhadyr , Miasnikov Alexei
Published: May 2014

In this paper we introduce the concept of a Cayley graph automatic group (CGA group or graph automatic group, for short) which generalizes the standard notion of an automatic group. Like the usual automatic groups graph automatic ones enjoy many nice properties: these groups are invariant under the change of generators, they are closed under direct and free products, certain types of amalgamated products, and finite extensions. Furthermore, the word problem in graph automatic groups is decidable in quadratic time. However, the class of graph automatic groups is much wider then the class of automatic groups. For example, we prove that all finitely generated 2-nilpotent groups and Baumslag–Solitar groups BS(1,n) are graph automatic, as well as many other metabelian groups.
The girth alternative for mapping class groups
Authors: Nakamura Kei
Published: May 2014

The
girth
of a finitely generated group

G

is defined to be the supremum of the girth of its Cayley graphs. Let

G

be a finitely generated subgroup of the mapping class group Mod

_\Sigma

, where

\Sigma

is an orientable closed surface with a finite number of punctures and with a finite number of components. We show that

G

is either a non-cyclic group with infinite girth or a virtually free-abelian group; these alternatives are mutually exclusive. The proof is based on a simple dynamical criterion for a finitely generated group to have infinite girth, which may be of independent interest.
Harmonic cochains and K-theory for $\tilde{A}_2$-groups
Authors: Robertson Guyan
Published: May 2014

If

\Gamma

is a torsion free

\tilde{A}_2

-group acting on an

\tilde{A}_2

building

\Delta

, and

\mathfrak{A}_{\Gamma}

is the associated boundary

C^*

-algebra, it is proved that

K_0(\mathfrak{A}_\Gamma)\otimes \mathbb{R} \cong \mathbb{R}^{2\beta_2}

, where

\beta_2=\dim_{\mathbb{R}} H^2(\Gamma, \mathbb{R})

.
A sufficient condition for finite presentability of abelian-by-nilpotent groups
Authors: Strebel Ralph
Published: May 2014

A recipe for obtaining finitely presented abelian-by-nilpotent groups is given. It relies on a geometric procedure that generalizes the construction of finitely presented metabelian groups introduced by R. Bieri and R. Strebel in 1980.
Fatal Fungemia due to Paracoccidioides lutzii
Authors: Hahn Rosane Christine , Rodrigues Anderson Messias , Fontes Cor Jesus Fernandes , Nery Andreia Ferreira , Tadano Tomoko , Queiroz Júnior Luiz de Pádua , Pires de Camargo Zoilo
Published: May 2014

We report the first case of fungemia caused by Paracoccidioides lutzii in a 51-year-old male farm worker from the central-west region of Brazil. The fungus was isolated from blood cultures and the species was confirmed by phylogenetic identification. Despite specific treatment and intensive care, the patient died 39 days after admission.
The Practice of Jhum Cultivation and its Relationship to Plasmodium falciparum Infection in the Chittagong Hill Districts of Bangladesh
Authors: Galagan Sean R. , Prue Chai Shwai , Khyang Jacob , Khan Wasif Ali , Ahmed Sabeena , Ram Malathi , Alam Mohammad Shafiul , Haq M. Zahirul , Akter Jasmin , Streatfield Peter Kim , Glass Gregory , Norris Douglas E. , Nyunt Myaing Myaing , Shields Timothy , Sullivan David J. , Sack David A.
Published: May 2014

Malaria is endemic in the Chittagong Hill Districts of southeastern Bangladesh. Previous epidemiological analyses identified the agricultural practice of jhum cultivation as a potential risk factor for malaria infection. We conducted qualitative interviews with jhum cultivators and surveillance workers to describe jhum cultivation and used demographic and malaria surveillance in two study unions from May of 2010 to August of 2012 to better understand the relationship between jhum cultivation and malaria infection. Qualitative interviews revealed that jhum cultivation is conducted on remote, steep hillsides by ethnic tribal groups. Quantitative analyses found that adult jhum cultivators and individuals who live in the same residence had significantly higher incidence rates of symptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infection compared with non-cultivators. These results confirm that jhum cultivation is an independent risk factor for malaria infection and underscore the need for malaria testing and treatment services to reach remote populations in the Chittagong Hill Districts.
Clinical Reasoning Used by Occupational Therapists to Determine the Nature of Spiritual Occupations in Relation to Psychiatric Pathology
Authors: Hess Ka Yan , Ramugondo Elelwani
Published: May 2014

Introduction:

In this exploratory study, the clinical reasoning process followed by occupational therapists in determining whether their clients' spiritual occupations were health promoting or manifestations of a psychiatric illness is described. There has been limited investigation in this regard in existing literature.

Method:

A qualitative multiple case study design was used. Five occupational therapists working in different mental health care settings were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. Review of relevant documents and field-notes also provided important data sources.

Findings:

Three themes emerged from thematic analysis, namely ‘Clinical Reasoning: complex, dynamic and multi-layered’; ‘Multiple resources: people as key’; and ‘Rewarding and challenging experience’. ‘Underground practice’ emerged as a strategy that helped participants to navigate around contextual barriers in order to ensure client-centredness when addressing spiritual occupational needs within a mental healthcare setting.

Conclusion:

Spiritual occupational engagements should be examined in conjunction with individual clients' own process of meaning-making, implications for health to the client and others within the healthcare setting, and by taking the broader occupational narrative of the person, as well as relevant cultural norms and expectations, into consideration.
MM-MTA for Direct Pulp Capping: A Histologic Comparison with ProRoot MTA in Rat Molars
Authors: Naaman Alfred , Khalil Issam Tanios , Sarkis Tony
Published: May 2014

Aim

To compare the histomorphological response of rat dental pulps capped with MM-MTA and ProRoot MTA at 1, 2 and 4 weeks postoperatively.

Materials and methods

Direct pulp capping with MM-MTA and ProRoot MTA, overlaid with light-cured composite resin, was performed on right and left maxillary first molars of 20 Wistar rats. Animals were killed at 1, 2 and 4 weeks postoperatively. Biopsy samples were stained and viewed by light microscopy to determine dentin bridge formation. Data were statistically evaluated with the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05).

Results

Absence of dentin bridge formation at 1 week, partial dentin bridge formation at 2 weeks and complete dentin bridge formation at 4 weeks are observed with MM-MTA and ProRoot MTA. The results showed no statistically significant difference between both materials at 4 weeks.

Conclusion

Both materials produced similar responses in the pulp when used for pulp capping in intact, caries-free molars of rats.

How to cite this article

Khalil IT, Sarkis T, Naaman A. MM-MTA for Direct Pulp Capping: A Histologic Comparison with ProRoot MTA in Rat Molars. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1019- 1023.
An Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Self-Etch Adhesive on Pre-etched Enamel: An in vitro Study
Authors: Mujeeb Abdul , Rao Bhadra , Reddy Satti Narayana , Mehta Kanchan , Saritha G
Published: May 2014

Aim

To determine the shear bond strength of self-etch adhesive G-bond on pre-etched enamel.

Materials and methods

Thirty caries free human mandibular premolars extracted for orthodontic purpose were used for the study. Occlusal surfaces of all the teeth were flattened with diamond bur and a silicon carbide paper was used for surface smoothening. The thirty samples were randomly grouped into three groups. Three different etch systems were used for the composite build up: group 1 (G-bond self-etch adhesive system), group 2 (G-bond) and group 3 (Adper single bond). Light cured was applied for 10 seconds with a LED unit for composite buildup on the occlusal surface of each tooth with 8 millimeters (mm) in diameter and 3 mm in thickness. The specimens in each group were tested in shear mode using a knife-edge testing apparatus in a universal testing machine across head speed of 1 mm/ minute. Shear bond strength values in Mpa were calculated from the peak load at failure divided by the specimen surface area. The mean shear bond strength of all the groups were calculated and statistical analysis was carried out using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).

Results

The mean bond strength of group 1 is 15.5 Mpa, group 2 is 19.5 Mpa and group 3 is 20.1 Mpa. Statistical analysis was carried out between the groups using one-way ANOVA. Group 1 showed statistically significant lower bond strength when compared to groups 2 and 3. No statistical significant difference between groups 2 and 3 (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Self-etch adhesive G-bond showed increase in shear bond strength on pre-etched enamel.

How to cite this article

Rao B, Reddy SN, Mujeeb A, Mehta K, Saritha G. An Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Self-Etch Adhesive on Pre-etched Enamel: An In vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1036-1038.
Direct Measurement of Stain Retention in Third Molars
Authors: Kwon So Ran , Kurti R Steven , Boghossian Berj Der
Published: May 2014

Aim

To directly determine the mass of dye retained in teeth following exposure to aqueous solutions of Rhodamine B and to correlate tooth color modifications.

Materials and methods

Extracted third molars (25) were selected and sectioned at the cementoenamel junction for coronal staining. Pulp tissue was removed and teeth sonicated to remove debris. Teeth were kept in deionized water for 12 hours and subsequently weighed. They were then stained for 4 hours in 5 ml of Rhodamine B dye at two different concentrations. The samples were then subjected to two 8 hours rinses in deionized water. The tooth shade was recorded with a commercially available intraoral spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade Compact, Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany) at baseline (T1), after dye immersion (T2), and after water rinsing (T3). A standard absorption curve was then used to calculate the dye mass in the rinse solutions as well as the posttreatment stain solutions. All solution optical absorption curves were recorded using a laboratory research spectrophotometer (Cary 300, Agilent, USA). The mass of dye in each solution was then calculated from the standard curve relating optical absorption to aqueous dye concentration.

Results

An average change in the CIE (a) values of 8.0 ± 0.3 were observed for concentrations of Rhodamine B similar to the optical appearance of wine or other darkly colored juices while an increase of 10× in concentration gave values too high to measure using a standard intraoral spectrophotometer. By measuring the optical absorbance of the staining solutions before and after the staining process, we were able to measure dye retention of 54 ± 26 micrograms per gram of tooth.

Conclusion

While no significant correlation could be found between the amount of stain retention in the dentition and the tooth shade due to the high uncertainties in the spectroscopic measurements, we were able to show that this method should admit such comparisons for future research.

Clinical significance

The development of a reliable chromophore infiltration model may provide standardized and reproducible results in evaluating tooth whitening efficacy.

How to cite this article

Kurtir Jr RS, Boghossian BD, Kwon SR. Direct Measurement of Stain Retention in Third Molars. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1060-1064.
Quantitative Evaluation of Apical Extrusion of Debris and Irrigants using Four Rotary Instrumentation Systems: An in vitro Study
Authors: Ratnakar P , Nagaveni S Aspalli , Balakoti K Reddy , Smita Karan , Satish SV , Aravind T
Published: May 2014

Clinical significance

The apical extrusion of infected debris may have the potential to disrupt the balance between microbial aggression and host defense, resulting in incidents of acute inflammation. During preparation, irrigants and debris, such as bacteria, dentin filings and necrotic tissue may be extruded into the periradicular region leading to periapical inflammation and postoperative flare ups. Using an instrumentation technique that minimizes apical extrusion would be beneficial to both the practitioner and patient.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the weight of debris and volume of irrigant extruded apically from extracted teeth in vitro after endodontic instrumentation using four different rotary root canal instrumentation systems.

Materials and methods

Four groups of each 20 extracted mandibular premolars were instrumented using one of the four systems: ProTaper Universal (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland)), Hero-shaper (MicroMega, Besancon, France), RaCe (FKG Dentaire, La-Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) and K3 (SybronEndo, West Collins, CA). Debris and irrigant extruded from the apical foramen during instrumentation were collected in preweighed test tubes. Volume of irrigant extruded was noted. The containers were stored in incubator at 70° for two days to evaporate the moisture. Weight of dry debris was noted.

Statistical analysis

Data was analyzed using Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test at a significance of 0.001.

Results

The results indicated that all of the instrumentation systems tested caused measurable apical extrusion of debris and irrigants. Higher extrusion was observed with Protaper system which was statistically significant with Hero-Shaper, RaCe and K3 systems. There were no statistical differences between Hero-shaper, K3 and RaCe systems (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

All instrumentation techniques apically extruded debris and irrigant. However, Hero-shaper, K3 and RaCe systems produced less extruded debris and irrigant than the Protaper system.

How to cite this article

Nagaveni SA, Balakoti KR, Smita K, Ratnakar P, Satish SV, Aravind T. Quantitative Evaluation of Apical Extrusion of Debris and Irrigants using Four Rotary Instrumentation Systems: A in vitro study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1065-1069.
Fiber Technology in Space Maintainer: A Clinical Follow-up Study
Authors: Reddy N Simhachalam , Siddaramayya Jayaraman , Sajjanar Arunkumar B , Godhi Brinda Suhas , Krishnam Raju P
Published: May 2014

Various space maintainers are used in pediatric dentistry. However, their construction requires time consuming laboratory procedures. Recently fiber-reinforced composite resin (FRCR) has been introduced for various application in dentistry. Polyethylene fibers appear to have the best properties in elasticity, translucency, adaptability, tenaciousness, resistance to traction and to impact. The purpose of this study was to clinically evaluate the long-term effect of FRCR space maintainer made with Ribbond® bondable reinforcement ribbon in children over a period of 18 months. A total of thirty FRCR space maintainers were applied to 30 children between the age group of 6 to 9 years old, follow-up visits were done at 1, 6, 12 and 18 months. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis. Maxillary appliances survived more than mandibular appliances. Mean survival time of space maintainer were found to be 12 months (minimum 1 and maximum 18 months). The present study suggested that FRCR space maintainers (Ribbond®), which was observed for up to 18 months, can be accepted as a successful alternative to conventional band-loop space maintainer only for short periods.

How to cite this article

Saravanakumar MS, Siddaramayya J, Sajjanar AB, Godhi BS, Reddy NS, Krishnam RP. Fiber Technology in Space Maintainer: A Clinical Follow-up Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1070-1075.
Effect of Water Storage and Additional Polymerization on the Color Parameters of Flowable Resin Composites
Authors: Barutcigil Çağatay , Harorli Osman Tolga , Bayindir Yusuf Ziya , Bayindir Funda
Published: May 2014

Aims

Tooth colored dental restorative materials should maintain their chromatic properties throughout their service period. The aim of this study was to examine the possible color changes of flowable resin composite filling materials following water storage. The effect of additional light curing on color stability of restorative materials was also investigated.

Materials and methods

Six brands of light-cured flowable resin composites of the same shade (A3) were prepared from two groups generated by curing for 20 or 60 seconds. The initial color parameters of the flowable composite samples were measured with a dental colorimeter according to the CIELAB color scale, and the samples were stored in distilled water at 37oC. Following 2 weeks' water storage, the measurements were repeated. The color differences (ΔE*ab) were calculated according to the CIELAB formula. Statistical differences between the measurements were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan's tests.

Results

No initial color variation between the samples cured for 20 seconds and 60 seconds was perceptible (ΔE*ab<3.3). However, after 2 weeks' water storage, a noticeable color change, ΔE*ab>3.3, was detected in Eco-flow, Filtek Supreme and Grandio samples in both polymerization groups.

Conclusion

Flowable resin composites may exhibit a significant color change as a result of water storage. Sixty seconds exposure period does not influence the final color.

Clinical significance

Clinicians should be aware of color shifts in flowable resins.

How to cite this article

Harorli OT, Barutcigil C, Bayindir YZ, Bayindir F. Effect of Water Storage and Additional Polymerization on the Color Parameters of Flowable Resin Composites. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1109-1114.
Determination of Inner Implant's Volumes: A Pilot Study for Microleakage Quantification by Stereomicroscopy and Spectrophotometry
Authors: Berberi A , Tehini G , Tabaja Z , Kobaissi A , Hamze K , Rifai K , Ezzedine M , Badran B , Chokr A
Published: May 2014

Aim

Microleakage quantification of fluids and microorganisms through the connections of different implant parts seems to be sparse. Moreover, no data exist regarding the determination of the volumes of inner parts of dental implant systems.

This study aims to determine the volumes of inner parts of three dental implant systems with the same interface and to evaluate the microleakage phenomenon.

Materials and methods

Three implant system sets (Euroteknika ®, Astra Tech® and Implantium®) were used in this study. Implants were inoculated with safranin, brain heart infusion and distilled water. After inoculation and assembly of the different parts, different inner volumes (V1, V2, V3, V4, V5and V6) were measured and, the surfaces of the micro gaps were observed through a stereomicroscope. Implants containing safranin were immersed in vials containing distilled water. Samples then were taken to determine optical density using a spectrophotometer.

Results

Regardless the used substance, volumes of the 3-implant systems are different. Although volumes V1, V2, V3and V5appeared to be constant within the same system regardless the used substance, volumes V4and V6were not.

Conclusion

The determination of the volumes and the evaluation of leaked substance using stereomicroscopic and spectrophotometric methods showed the accuracy of these methods and the importance of their use in the study of microleakage.

Clinical significance

Leakage is an important factor for chronic inflammatory infiltration and marginal bone resorption. Studies have shown fluid and bacterial leakage into abutmentimplant (A-I) assemblies of certain implants with ‘closely locked’ abutments and the creation of a constant bacterial reservoir in the empty space found between the implant and the abutment.

How to cite this article

Berberi A, Tehini G, Tabaja Z, Kobaissi A, Hamze K, Rifai K, Ezzedine M, Badran B, Chokr A. Determination of Inner Implant's Volumes: A Pilot Study for Microleakage Quantification by Stereomicroscopy and Spectrophotometry. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1122-1130.
Effects of Toothbrush Hardness on in vitro Wear and Roughness of Composite Resins
Authors: Kyoizumi Hideaki , Yamada Junji , Suzuki Toshimitsu , Kanehira Masafumi , Finger Werner J , Sasaki Keiichi
Published: May 2014

Aim

To investigate and compare the effects of toothbrushes with different hardness on abrasion and surface roughness of composite resins.

Materials and methods

Toothbrushes (DENT. EX Slimhead II 33, Lion Dental Products Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) marked as soft, medium and hard, were used to brush 10 beam-shaped specimens of each of three composites resins (Venus [VEN], Venus Diamond [VED] and Venus Pearl [VEP]; HeraeusKulzer) with standardized calcium carbonate slurry in a multistation testing machine (2N load, 60 Hz). After each of five cycles with 10k brushing strokes the wear depth and surface roughness of the specimens were determined. After completion of 50k strokes representative samples were inspected by SEM. Data were treated with ANOVA and regression analyses (p < 0.05).

Results

Abrasion of the composite resins increased linearly with increasing number of brushing cycles (r2 > 0.9). Highest wear was recorded for VEN, lowest for VED. Hard brushes produced significantly higher wear on VEN and VEP, whereas no difference in wear by toothbrush type was detected for VED. Significantly highest surface roughness was found on VED specimens (Ra > 1.5 μm), the lowest one on VEN (Ra < 0.3 μm). VEN specimens showed increased numbers of pinhole defects when brushed with hard toothbrushes, surfaces of VEP were uniformly abraded without level differences between the prepolymerized fillers and the glass filler-loaded matrix, VED showed large glass fillers protruding over the main filler-loaded matrix portion under each condition.

Conclusion

Abrasion and surface roughness of composite resins produced by toothbrushing with dentifrice depend mainly on the type of restorative resin. Hardness grades of toothbrushes have minor effects only on abrasion and surface roughness of composite resins. No relationship was found between abrasion and surface roughness.

Clinical significance

The grade of the toothbrush used has minor effect on wear, texture and roughness of the composite resin.

How to cite this article

Kyoizumi H, Yamada J, Suzuki T, Kanehira M, Finger WJ, Sasaki K. Effects of Toothbrush Hardness on in vitro Wear and Roughness of Composite Resins. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1137-1144.
Relevance of Routine Blood Pressure Assessment among Dental Patients in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Isiekwe Gerald Ikenna , Umeizudike Kehinde Adesola , Ayanbadejo Patricia Omowunmi , Umeizudike Theophilus Ifeanyichukwu , Savage Kofoworola Olaide
Published: May 2014

Aim

To determine the relevance of routine blood pressure (BP) measurement in patients attending the dental clinic.

Materials and methods

This was a retrospective survey of patients who attended the dental clinic in the Preventive Dentistry Department of a tertiary Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria over an eighteen month period. Data retrieved from the patient's hospital records included age, sex, BP and history of hypertension. Data was analyzed using Epi info 2011 package. p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

A total of 1910 patients’ records were assessed. Females represented 53.4% (n = 1020) of the study population. The mean age was 37.1 ± 15.0 years (range 18-88 years). The prevalence of hypertension was 39.9% (n = 763). Hypertension was stage 1 in 25.5%, stage 2 in 9.8% and severe in 4.6% of the dental patients. Past medical history of hypertension was obtained for 952 patients (49.8%). Of the 763 patients with high blood pressure, 14.8% had a known history of hypertension, while 42.1% were previously undiagnosed (p < 0.0001). Systolic and diastolic BP increased with increasing age (p < 0.05) and was significantly higher in males than females (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The high prevalence of hypertension noted among the study population with its potential consequence during dental procedures makes the measurement of blood pressure a valuable assessment in a dental clinic.

Clinical significance

The high prevalence of hypertension particularly the previously undiagnosed cases among the dental patients highlights the relevance of routine blood pressure assessment prior to dental procedures in contemporary dental practice, so as to minimize the potential complications that could occur.

How to cite this article

Umeizudike KA, Ayanbadejo PO, Umeizudike TI, Isiekwe GI, Savage KO. Relevance of Routine Blood Pressure Assessment among Dental Patients in Lagos, Nigeria. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1145-1150.
New Regression Equations for Mixed Dentition Space Analysis in an Iranian Population
Authors: Toodehzaeim Mohammad Hossein , Aghili Hossein , Shariatifar Elham , Dehghani Mahboobe
Published: May 2014

Aims

Prediction of the mesiodistal crown width of unerupted canines and premolars is an important aspect of mixed dentition analysis. The accuracy of Tanaka-Johnston equations, the most commonly method, is questionable when it is applied to different ethnic groups. In this study, we aimed to develop a new regression equation for this prediction in an Iranian population.

Materials and methods

The dental casts of 120 Iranian subjects with complete permanent dentition were selected. Mesiodistal crown widths of teeth were measured with digital caliper. In the first part of the study, the correlation and linear regression equations between four mandibular incisors and the canine-premolars segments of both arches were developed (modified Tanaka-Johnston equation). In the second part, as a new method, correlation and linear regression equations were developed between the sum of mandibular central incisorsmaxillary first molars and the canine-premolars segments.

Results

It was found that the correlation coefficients between the sum of mandibular central incisors-maxillary first molars and the maxillary and mandibular canine-premolars segments were higher (r = 0.66, 0.68 respectively) than the one between the four mandibular incisors and the canine-premolars segments (r = 0.58. 0.64).

Conclusion

New linear regression equations were derived. In this study, the sum of mandibular central incisors and maxillary first molars was better predictor for unerupted canines and premolars. This novel approach allows the prediction of width of unerupted canines and premolars to take place at earlier age.

Clinical significance

Using the new method, orthodontists could take advantage of mixed dentition analysis at earlier age. Moreover, to test the derived equations on a larger sample size and in other ethnicities is highly recommended.

How to cite this article

Toodehzaeim MH, Aghili H, Shariatifar E, Dehghani M. New Regression Equations for Mixed Dentition Space Analysis in an Iranian Population. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1156-1160.
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Published: May 2014

The complaints mechanism for the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women was adopted in 1999. Since 2002, when the CEDAWCommittee received the first Communication submitting a claim of violations of rights protected under the Convention, 28 Communications have been dealt with. In twelve Communications the CEDAWCommittee found a violation of the plaintiff’s (officially the ‘author’s’) rights under the Convention. The Committee formulated specific recommendations to the State Party with respect to appropriate compensation for the author as well as to improve policies and/ or adapt legislation. Issues at stake include: – protection against violence against women; – ensure that gender stereotypes do not affect decision-making by judges, lawyers and law enforcement officers; – reproductive rights (involuntary sterilisation, therapeutic abortion, access to adequate, affordable obstetric care). In the four cases in which the followup procedure has been completed the Committee has achieved considerable improvements in the implementation of policies, often thanks to the suggestions of the authors and NGOs involved. The CEDAW’s complaints procedure thus seems to be a mechanism that can strengthen women’s human rights.
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Published: May 2014

The biographies of two women who played a pioneering role in Dutch politics appeared in 2011: Marga Klompé (1912-1986) and Hilda Verwey-Jonker (1908-2004). That their lives coincided for pretty much the entire 20th century makes comparing their biographies an attractive and insightful venture. This article discusses areas of commonality between the two biographies, while also addressing the diversity of the issues at stake. This more meta-analytic sociological comparison examines the biographical methods employed and relevance of gender.
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Published: May 2014

Over the last two decades the CEDAW Committee’s recognition of gender-based violence as a form of discrimination against women has made a major impact on how other international human rights organizations, including the Council of Europe and the European Union, approach this problem. As a result, the Council of Europe adopted the ‘Istanbul Convention’ on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence, while the European Union strengthened the protection of victims of crimes in the Victims Directive. The CEDAW Committee’s views on the duty to eliminate wrongful gender stereotypes established by article 5 (a) of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination confirmed the binding legal nature of this obligation. However, the existence of an independent ‘justiciable’ right not to be subject to gender stereotyping, which subordinates women to men and assigns them a fixed gender role, has not yet been fully ascertained. The article argues that the creation of parallel international regimes of human rights in the area of gender-based violence does not undermine the role of the CEDAW Convention as a Women’s Convention, but enhances the complementarity of various human rights instruments.
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Published: May 2014

Rebecca Brown is a contemporary American lesbian author who has been working mainly in the shadows for the past thirty years to compose a challenging and highly rewarding oeuvre. This essay grew out of an interview with the author, and it sheds light on the way in which Brown’s writings manage to defamiliarise gender roles and norms, and testify to the importance of writing from a female perspective. Brown’s work is sensitive to the feminisation of nurturing roles and the supposed incompatibility of queers with childcare (hence, with futurity). Other discussion topics included the public character of (homo)sexuality and the historical invisibility of lesbians that Brown’s work takes issue with. The current trend of ‘homonormalisation’, in turn, is crucial to understand the importance of Brown’s concerted attention to those early queer activists who tend to be disregarded nowadays, but whose work remains relevant and, as Brown explains, unfinished. Clearly Brown does not hesitate to address problems within the queer community, as is also exemplified by her refusal to gloss over the taboo topics of same-sex violence and power imbalances within the LGBT-community.
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Published: May 2014

The third age is a concept popularised by British social-historian Peter Laslett. It refers to an idyllic stage in the life course in which individuals are freed from work and family obligations, while having the means and health to pursue life goals. I argue that differences between men and women in the extent to which they provide of informal care, render gender inequality in the likelihood of experiencing a third age as described by Laslett highly likely. Furthermore, I posit that policy measures stimulating informal caregiving, though typically de jure gender neutral, can be expected to reinforce this form of gender inequality.
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Published: May 2014

International differences in health in older age are well-documented. Research on factors explaining these differences has not done justice to possible differences in factors related to ‘gender-regimes’. Data for this study were harmonised in the framework of the Comparison of Longitudinal European Studies on Aging (CLESA) project, which included population-based studies from Finland, Sweden, the Netherlands, Spain, Italy and Israel aged 75-84 years. Indicators of health were disability in self-care, depressed mood, and self-rated health. In addition to country (i.e., gender-regime), potential individual explanatory factors included socio-demographics, diseases, lifestyle, and social engagement. The findings show inter-country differences in disability from progressive to traditional gender-regimes according to a North-South gradient: men and women in northern countries reported less disability than in southern countries. Depressed mood showed similar differences, although in Finland it was higher than in other northern countries, and in Spain it was lower than in other southern countries. Self-rated health was poorer in southern than in northern countries, with Finland inbetween. The difference in women’s health between traditional and progressive genderregimes was larger for depressed mood and self-rated health than for disability. These differences persisted after accounting for individual explanatory factors. Among the explanatory factors, chronic morbidity showed the most consistent associations. The role of lifestyle and social factors varied across genders. Physical activity was more strongly associated with health in men than in women, whereas social factors were more prominent in women than in men. The international differences found in health largely corresponded to gender-regimes, and were only partly explained by individual factors. Further research on specific, gender-regime related factors is warranted.
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Published: May 2014

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