bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retracted: Photoactivatable Hsp47: A Tool to Regulate Collagen Secretion and Assembly
Authors: Khan Essak S. , Sankaran Shrikrishnan , Paez Julieta I. , Muth Christina , Han Mitchell K. L. , del Campo Aránzazu
Published: March 2019

Collagen is the most abundant structural protein in mammals and is crucial for the mechanical integrity of tissues. Hsp47, an endoplasmic reticulum resident collagen‐specific chaperone, is involved in collagen biosynthesis and plays a fundamental role in the folding, stability, and intracellular transport of procollagen triple helices. This work reports on a photoactivatable derivative of Hsp47 that allows regulation of collagen biosynthesis within mammalian cells using light. Photoactivatable Hsp47 contains a non‐natural light‐responsive tyrosine (o‐nitro benzyl tyrosine (ONBY)) at Tyr383 position of the protein sequence. This mutation renders Hsp47 inactive toward collagen binding. The inactive, photoactivatable protein is easily uptaken by cells within a few minutes of incubation, and accumulated at the endoplasmic reticulum via retrograde KDEL receptor‐mediated uptake. Upon light exposure, the photoactivatable Hsp47 turns into functional Hsp47 in situ. The increased intracellular concentration of Hsp47 results in stimulated secretion of collagen. The ability to promote collagen synthesis on demand, with spatiotemporal resolution, and in diseased state cells is demonstrated in vitro. It is envisioned that photoactivatable Hsp47 allows unprecedented fundamental studies of collagen biosynthesis, matrix biology, and inspires new therapeutic concepts in biomedicine and tissue regeneration.
A novel kinetic model to describe 1,3‐propanediol production fermentation by Clostridium butyricum
Authors: Zhang Ai‐Hui , Huang Shi‐Yang , Zhuang Xiao‐Yan , Wang Ke , Yao Chuan‐Yi , Fang Bai‐Shan
Published: February 2019

Clostridium butyricum is one of the best 1,3‐propanediol producers due to the nonpathogenic, less byproducts, and energy‐efficient fermentation process. In fermentation process, the relationship among substrate, product, and byproducts is intricate and hard to be analyzed. The present study is aimed at establishing a novel kinetic model not only based on biomass, substrate, and 1,3‐propanediol, but also considering the byproduct concentration to describe 1,3‐propanediol fermentation process by C. butyricum. The simulative result of the model fit well with that in the batch fermentation process. Furthermore, the model was also used to predict the result of fed‐batch fermentation process after some modifications. The predicted result of model fit well with the data in experiment when glycerol was controlled at around 10 g/L. Thus, this novel kinetic model could serve as a tool for further optimization of the fermentation process, and could be improved for some other similar processes.
Evolution of the phenotype of craniosynostosis with dental anomalies syndrome and report of IL11RA variant population frequencies in a Crouzon‐like autosomal recessive syndrome
Authors: Korakavi Nisha , Prokop Jeremy W. , Seaver Laurie H.
Published: February 2019

In 2011, biallelic loss‐of‐function variants in the interleukin receptor 11 alpha gene IL11RA were found to be associated with a Crouzon‐like craniosynostosis syndrome with associated dental anomalies (CRSDA). Since then, a total of 41 similar patients have been reported with IL11RA variants. We report two adult brothers diagnosed with Crouzon syndrome as children, in which the clinical diagnosis of CRSDA was made on reevaluation. Laboratory testing detected biallelic IL11RA variants, c.916_924dup (p.Thr306_Ser308dup) and c.781C > T (p.Arg261Cys), both of which have now been reported in other families. Protein modeling and conservation analysis show that these two mutation sites cluster together near a WSXWS motif that likely plays a significant role in regulating IL11RA protein function. Population analysis from gnomAD shows that Non‐Finnish Europeans (similar to ethnicity of this family), have an allele frequency for p.Thr306_Ser308dup of 0.014% and p.Arg261Cys of 0.008%. We found other ethnicities have functional IL11RA missense variants at higher frequencies. With this report, we provide a summary of the clinical findings including details of middle ear anomalies associated with conductive hearing loss. We also provide data supporting the populations at risk for this condition to increase recognition and diagnosis of this rare autosomal recessive craniosynostosis syndrome.
Comparative study of simulated nebulized and spray particle deposition in chronic rhinosinusitis patients
Authors: Farzal Zainab , Basu Saikat , Burke Alyssa , Fasanmade Olulade O. , Lopez Erin M. , Bennett William D. , Ebert Charles S. , Zanation Adam M. , Senior Brent A. , Kimbell Julia S.
Published: March 2019

Background

Topical intranasal drugs are widely prescribed for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), although delivery can vary with device type and droplet size. The study objective was to compare nebulized and sprayed droplet deposition in the paranasal sinuses and ostiomeatal complex (OMC) across multiple droplet sizes in CRS patients using computational fluid dynamics (CFD).

Methods

Three‐dimensional models of sinonasal cavities were constructed from computed tomography (CT) scans of 3 subjects with CRS refractory to medical therapy using imaging software. Assuming steady‐state inspiratory airflow at resting rate, CFD was used to simulate 1‐µm to 120‐µm sprayed droplet deposition in the left and right sinuses and OMC with spray nozzle positioning as in current nasal spray use instructions. Zero‐velocity nebulization simulations were performed for 1‐µm to 30‐µm droplet sizes, maximal sinus and OMC deposition fractions (MSDF) were obtained, and sizes that achieved at least 50% of MSDF were identified. Nebulized MSDF was compared to sprayed droplet deposition. We also validated CFD framework through in vitro experiments.

Results

Among nebulized droplet sizes, 11‐µm to 14‐µm droplets achieved at least 50% of MSDF in all 6 sinonasal cavities. Four of 6 sinonasal cavities had greater sinus and OMC deposition with nebulized droplets than with sprayed droplets at optimal sizes.

Conclusion

Nebulized droplets may target the sinuses and OMC more effectively than sprayed particles at sizes achieving best deposition. Further studies are needed to confirm our preliminary findings. Several commercial nasal nebulizers have average particle sizes outside the optimal nebulized droplet size range found here, suggesting potential for product enhancement.
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy developed during rewarming of accidental hypothermia with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Kakizaki Ryuichiro , Bunya Naofumi , Uemura Shuji , Odagiri Arisa , Kasai Takehiko , Narimatsu Eichi
Published: March 2019

Background

We here present the first case report of takotsubo cardiomyopathy that developed during rewarming of a patient with severe accidental hypothermia with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Case

A 74‐year‐old woman was found unresponsive outdoors and suffered cardiopulmonary arrest during transfer to our hospital. On arrival, she was still in cardiopulmonary arrest. Veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was initiated for resuscitation and rewarming. After admission to the intensive care unit, her blood pressure suddenly dropped, and coronary angiography on day 2 indicated intact coronary arteries. Left ventriculography showed typical takotsubo‐like dysfunction in the end‐systolic phase, which led to the diagnosis of takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Left ventricular wall motion gradually improved, and echocardiography on day 6 revealed that abnormalities in the left ventricular wall motion had almost disappeared.

Conclusion

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy might arise during rewarming of patients with severe accidental hypothermia.
Cleavage of C(aryl)−CH3 Bonds in the Absence of Directing Groups under Transition Metal Free Conditions
Authors: Dai Peng‐Fei , Ning Xiao‐Shan , Wang Hua , Cui Xian‐Chao , Liu Jie , Qu Jian‐Ping , Kang Yan‐Biao
Published: March 2019

Organic chemists now can construct carbon–carbon σ‐bonds selectively and sequentially, whereas methods for the selective cleavage of carbon–carbon σ‐bonds, especially for unreactive hydrocarbons, remain limited. Activation by ring strain, directing groups, or in the presence of a carbonyl or a cyano group is usually required. In this work, by using a sequential strategy site‐selective cleavage and borylation of C(aryl)−CH3 bonds has been developed under directing group free and transition metal free conditions. Methyl groups of various arenes are selectively cleaved and replaced by boryl groups. Mechanistic analysis suggests that it proceeds by a sequential intermolecular oxidation and coupling of a transient aryl radical, generated by radical decarboxylation, involving a pyridine‐stabilized persistent boryl radical.
N → Sn coordination in the complexes of tin halides with pyridine: A comparison between Sn(II) and Sn(IV)
Authors: Matczak Piotr
Published: February 2019

The experimentally well‐known complexation of tin(II) and tin(IV) halides with pyridine (py) leads to structures showing N → Sn coordination. In the present work, the complexes SnXn·mpy (where X = F, Cl, Br, I;n = 2, 4;m = 1, 2) possessing this kind of coordination were studied using a computational quantum chemical approach. Various aspects in the theoretical picture of these complexes were examined to find similarities and differences in their N → Sn coordination. The aspects included, among others, the physical nature of intermolecular interactions, and their role in establishing the structure and energetic stabilization of the complexes. In this context, the effect of tin valency was inspected in great detail. As proven by several theoretical methods, a largely ionic character with a certain covalent component can be attributed to the studied N → Sn coordination, irrespective of tin valency. All complexes are destabilized by py‐py and three‐body interactions, but the Sn(II) complexes experience it to a greater extent. Marked differences are observed in the structural behavior of N → Sn and SnXnduring complex formation. This affects the energetics of complexation and, in consequence, the penta‐coordinated Sn(IV) center shows a higher propensity to expand its coordination number, compared with the tri‐coordinated Sn(II) center. The present study supplements the experimental characterization of SnXn·mpy and, in general, it sheds light on the coordination of heteroaromatic nitrogen to tin. The survey of the Cambridge Structural Database revealed that such coordination occurred in a number of crystal structures.
Spatial Relationship Between the Metanephros and Adjacent Organs According to the Carnegie Stage of Development
Authors: Ishiyama Hana , Ishikawa Aoi , Imai Hirohiko , Matsuda Tetsuya , Yoneyama Akio , Yamada Shigehito , Takakuwa Tetsuya
Published: February 2019

The morphological changes in the metanephros and its spatial relationship to the adjacent organs was evaluated based on the Carnegie stages (CSs) from 14 through 23. The imaging modalities used included magnetic resonance imaging (N = 4), phase‐contrast X‐ray computed tomography (N = 11), and serial histological sections (N = 40), supplemented by three‐dimensional image reconstruction. The orientation of the hilus of the metanephros changed significantly between CS17 (34.4 ± 13.7 degrees) and 18 (122.3 ± 38.1 degrees), with an increase in the number of branches of the urinary collecting system, from 1.61 ± 0.42 at CS17 to 3.20 ± 0.35 at CS18. This increase in the number of branches influenced the growth of the metanephros and the orientation of its hilus. The right and left metanephroses were in proximity throughout the embryonic period. The local maximum interpole distances were observed at CS18 (0.87 ± 0.11 mm for the upper and 0.50 ± 0.25 mm for the lower pole). Mesenchymal tissue was observed between the metanephros and iliac arteries, as well as between the right and left metanephros. Throughout development, the position of the lower pole of the metanephros remained adjacent to the aortic bifurcation. The position of the upper pole, referenced with respect to the aortic bifurcation, increased by >2.0 mm, reflecting the longitudinal growth of the metanephros. Our findings provide a detailed description of the morphogenesis of the metanephros and of its hilus, which might contribute to our understanding of congenital malformations and malpositions of the kidneys. Anat Rec, 302:1901–1915, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Effect size measures and their benchmark values for quantifying benefit or risk of medicinal products
Authors: Rahlfs Volker , Zimmermann Helmuth
Published: March 2019

The standardized mean difference is a well‐known effect size measure for continuous, normally distributed data. In this paper we present a general basis for important other distribution families. As a general concept, usable for every distribution family, we introduce the relative effect, also called Mann–Whitney effect size measure of stochastic superiority. This measure is a truly robust measure, needing no assumptions about a distribution family. It is thus the preferred tool for assumption‐free, confirmatory studies. For normal distribution shift, proportional odds, and proportional hazards, we show how to derive many global values such as risk difference average, risk difference extremum, and odds ratio extremum. We demonstrate that the well‐known benchmark values of Cohen with respect to group differences—small, medium, large—can be translated easily into corresponding Mann–Whitney values. From these, we get benchmarks for parameters of other distribution families. Furthermore, it is shown that local measures based on binary data (2 × 2 tables) can be associated with the Mann–Whitney measure: The concept of stochastic superiority can always be used. It is a general statistical value in every distribution family. It therefore yields a procedure for standardizing the assessment of effect size measures. We look at the aspect of relevance of an effect size and—introducing confidence intervals—present some examples for use in statistical practice.
Validation of an LC–MS/MS method for simultaneous detection of diverse components of Qinxing Qingre Zhike Granule in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study after oral administration to rats
Authors: Wang Zilingyun , An Rui , Du Guangli , Liang Kun , Li Guowen
Published: March 2019

A sensitive and validated method of liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was established to test the plasma concentrations of active ingredients in Qinxing Qingre Zhike Granule, namely geniposide, liquiritin, isoliquiritin, baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin and glycyrrhetinic acid. The analysis was performed on an Ultimate XB‐C18 column at the flow rate of 0.4 mL min−1 in a single run of 18 min. The mobile phase was composed of 0.05% formic acid in water and acetonitrile with gradient elution. Positive and negative scanning and selected multiple reaction monitoring modes were applied for quantization. The proposed method showed good linearity in the given ranges from 0.6800–340.0 to 3.920–1960 ng mL−1 with r2 > 0.9917 for all the analytes. The precision (RSD) was no more than 12%, and the accuracy (RE) was less than ±11% for intra‐ and inter‐day. The extract recovery and matrix effect were acceptable for the requirements of biological sample analysis. Moreover, the developed method was effectively applied to the pharmacokinetic investigation of Qinxing Qingre Zhike Granule after oral administration in rats.
Association between family history, mutation locations, and prevalence of BRCA1 or 2 mutations in ovarian cancer patients
Authors: Singer Christian F. , Tan Yen Y. , Muhr Daniela , Rappaport Christine , Gschwantler‐Kaulich Daphne , Grimm Christoph , Polterauer Stephan , Pfeiler Georg , Berger Andreas , Tea Muy‐Kheng M.
Published: March 2019

We investigated the prevalence of germline BRCA mutations in a population‐based cohort of Austrian women diagnosed with ovarian cancer and its association with family history of cancer. We prospectively collected family pedigrees of 443 Austrian ovarian cancer patients who had been tested for the presence of a germline BRCA or 2 mutations and correlated the familial breast and ovarian cancer burden with the prevalence of BRCA mutations and disease onset. The probability of carrying a gBRCA mutation in patients without family history of cancer is 14% (95% CI 9%‐22%), as opposed to 45% (95% CI 31%‐59%) of patients with at least one family member with ovarian cancer, and 47% (95% CI 40%‐54%) if other relatives have developed breast cancer. If both breast and ovarian cancer are diagnosed in the family, the probability of carrying a germline BRCA1 or 2 mutations is 60% (95% CI 50%‐68%). germline BRCA1 or mutations in families with ovarian cancer only are commonly located in the Ovarian Cancer Cluster Regions when compared to families with both breast and ovarian cancer (P = 0.001, and P = 0.020, respectively). While gBRCA mutation carriers with ovarian cancer do not have a significantly different age at onset than patients with a family history of cancer, gBRCA1 carriers in general have an earlier onset than gBRCA2 carriers (P = 0.002) and patients without a mutation (P = 0.006). The rate of germline BRCA1 or 2 mutations in ovarian cancer patients without a family history or breast or ovarian cancer is low. However, in women with additional family members affected, the prevalence is considerably higher than previously reported.
Further Understanding of the Reactivity Control of Bisphosphonates to a Metal Source for Fabricating Highly Ordered Mesoporous Films
Authors: Wakabayashi Ryutaro , Kimura Tatsuo
Published: March 2019

Mesoporous metal organophosphonates having embedded organic functions are a promising platform to hybridize organics and non‐siliceous inorganic frameworks in their molecular scale. However, the reactivity between a bisphosphonate and a metal source is dramatically different for their combination and then hampers to construct ordered mesoporous structures even when using amphiphilic organic molecules. By proposing an advanced method to adjust such reactivity, we recently succeeded in fabricating ordered mesoporous aluminum organophosphonate (AOP) films with chemically designable benzene units inside their hybrid frameworks. The reactivity of the organically bridged bisphosphonates has been controlled by utilizing dissimilar reactivities of acid–base pairs like P−OH and P−OEt groups to AlCl3. Here, we further prove our reactivity‐control concept through the introduction of organic groups, such as those having symmetric thiophene, asymmetric amide, and hydrophilic ether units. Liquid‐state 31P NMR measurements further clarified the usefulness of the control of the −OH/ −OEt ratio in the same bisphosphonate molecules for obtaining highly ordered mesostructured AOP films.
Optimally designed synthesis of advanced Pd‐Rh bimetallic three‐way catalyst
Authors: Lan Li , Chen Shanhu , Li Hongmei , Liu Dayu , Li Dacheng , Wang Jinfeng , Chen Yaoqiang
Published: March 2019

For Pd‐Rh bimetallic three‐way catalysts, appropriate Pd‐Rh interaction is of significant importance to the catalytic activity. In this work, an optimally designed approach was utilized to synthesize Pd‐Rh bimetallic catalyst supported on CeO2‐ZrO2‐Al2O3 (Rh/CZ/Pd/A), which was compared with the conventional catalysts prepared by mechanical mixing method and co‐impregnation technique. In Rh/CZ/Pd/A, Rh species are distributed on the external surface of CZ, while Pd species are distributed in the inner layer. Upon the application of the hydrothermal aging treatment, Pd species undergo migration to the outer sphere of CZ grains. Meanwhile, modified Pd‐Rh interaction and metal‐support interaction are obtained, which are efficient for stabilizing PdO and Rh2O3 at high temperatures, as well as suppressing the deactivation of Rh species by diffusing into the support. Overall, smaller size, better dispersion, along with the higher oxidation state of Pd species and the more reducible oxidation state of Rh species are maintained for Rh/CZ/Pd/A‐a. Consequently, improved three‐way catalytic activity is achieved for Rh/CZ/Pd/A especially after the hydrothermal aging treatment.
A Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Cabotegravir in Patients With Hepatic Impairment and Healthy Matched Controls
Authors: Shaik Jafar Sadik B. , Ford Susan L. , Lou Yu , Zhang Zhiping , Bakshi Kalpana K. , Tenorio Allan R. , Trezza Christine , Spreen William R. , Patel Parul
Published: February 2019

Cabotegravir is an investigational integrase inhibitor in development for the treatment and pre‐exposure prophylaxis of HIV‐1 infection. Liver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV‐infected individuals and can impact the pharmacokinetics (PK) of HIV medications. This phase 1 study evaluated the PK of cabotegravir in individuals with moderate hepatic impairment (n = 8) versus healthy controls (n = 8). Participants received a single oral cabotegravir 30‐mg tablet and underwent PK sampling to determine total and unbound plasma cabotegravir concentrations. Calculated geometric least‐squares mean ratios (90% confidence intervals) for individuals with hepatic impairment versus healthy controls were 0.73 (0.50‐1.06) for AUC0‐∞, 0.69 (0.51‐0.93) for Cmax, 1.40 (0.80‐2.46) for unbound concentration (CU) 2 hours postdose, 1.55 (0.82‐2.94) for CU at 24 hours, 2.14 (1.57‐2.90) for unbound fraction (FU) at 2 hours, and 1.90 (1.14‐3.18) for FU at 24 hours. Adverse events (AEs) occurred in 2 individuals with hepatic impairment and 3 healthy controls and were grade 1/2 in severity. No participant discontinued because of AEs. Increased FU resulted in a modest decrease in total plasma exposure not considered clinically relevant. We conclude that cabotegravir may be administered without dose adjustment in patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment.
Research on the evolution mechanism of the electric vehicle market driven by big data
Authors: Xiaoyan He
Published: March 2019

This paper focuses on analyzing the effect of Government incentive policy on car producers under big data background. Driven by big data, the producers can effectively predict the consumers demand on EV. We research on the mechanism of government subsidies and carbon tax influence on producers' decision‐making by establishing an evolutionary game model between governments and producers, and integrating with prospect theory, we get a Perceived Benefit Matrix which is different from the traditional payoff matrix to research the behavior of the government and the producer decision‐making. Theoretical study and simulation show that, under static subsidies and carbon tax, there does not exist real Nash equilibrium in evolution system, and the initial state affects the track of evolution system; only when the government intervention cost and subsidies are less than carbon tax and the different profit between producing electric vehicle and fuel vehicle is greater than actual input, the evolution system will have a stable state, which the producers would produce electric vehicle under government intervention; the system is more sensitive on the degree of perceived value and degree of loss aversion, so it is more important to strength the producers confidence in producing electric vehicles; raising the subsidy and carbon tax policies can induce producers to choose producing electric vehicles, and in these measures, producers are more sensitive in carbon tax.
Efficient and Hole‐Transporting‐Layer‐Free CsPbI2Br Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells through Rubidium Passivation
Authors: Guo Yixin , Zhao Fei , Tao Jiahua , Jiang Jinchun , Zhang Jungang , Yang Jianping , Hu Zhigao , Chu Junhao
Published: March 2019

Invited for this month′s cover is the group of Jinchun Jiang at East China Normal University. The image shows a novel inorganic perovskite solar cell with rubidium‐passivated CsPbI2Br film and a low‐cost carbon electrode. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201802690.
Compact arbitrary terminated power divider with bandwidth‐enhanced negative group delay characteristics
Authors: Wang Handing , Wu Yongle , Wu Zehai , Wang Weimin , Liu Yuanan
Published: March 2019

A novel compact arbitrary terminated power divider with bandwidth‐enhanced negative group delay (NGD) characteristics is proposed. The NGD characteristics are controlled by characteristic impedances of transmission lines and the coupled line between two output ports. Flat and wide NGD bandwidth is produced by using the combination of a series resistor and short‐circuited coupled‐line section. The complete closed‐form equations are presented. For experimental demonstration, a prototype is designed and fabricated at f0 of 2.14 GHz. The measured results indicate that the proposed power divider is able to realize wide NGD bandwidth and good NGD flatness.
Categorizing and Establishing CD4 Service Equivalency: Testing of Residual, Archived External Quality Assessment Scheme Sample Panels Enables Accelerated Virtual Peer Laboratory Review
Authors: Glencross Deborah Kim , Coetzee Lindi Marie
Published: March 2019

Background

Testing of collated, curated residual archived external quality assessment (EQA) trial material, with pre‐established true (consensus) values collated into 25‐sample panels enables virtual peer review of a laboratory's proficiency. In this study, we introduce how archived EQAS samples/panels can establish equivalency of CD4 reporting across multiple laboratories in a national program.

Methods

Curated unused trial material from archived EQAS CD4 trials were collated into 25‐sample panels comprising three sets of five‐sample replicates and at least three duplicate samples. Panel‐samples were tested using predicate methods of participating laboratories and proficiency determined by calculating a Standard Deviation Index (SDI) for each panel‐sample reported according to retrospective consensus pooled trial outcomes. All data were plotted using MS Excel and Graphpad‐Prism with SDI limits between −2 and +2 SDI to define acceptable performance. Percentage similarity analysis determined agreement. Bead‐count‐rate data was used to determine pipetting error.

Results

Tight clustering of SDI outcomes predicted acceptable laboratory proficiency with acceptable accuracy and precision as evidenced by mean SDI < 0.5 and SD of SDI < 0.5. Random pipetting error was identified with aberrant BCR. Systematic under‐reading of results was noted in one lab with excellent precision but mean SDI > 1.6. Additional training requirements were evident where a respective laboratory's SD of SDI exceeded 0.7.

Conclusions

Archival panel testing undertaken across a network of CD4 laboratories using the same CD4 method to simultaneously test the same panel prior to national implementation highlighted proficient laboratories and was useful for identifying sites with service deficiencies and immediate additional training needs. © 2019 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Cytologic diagnosis of small cell carcinoma of the ovary: A case report with review of the literature
Authors: Gupta Parikshaa , Jogunoori Swathi , Rajwanshi Arvind , Srinivasan Radhika , Gupta Nalini , Jain Vanita , Das Chandan Krushna
Published: March 2019

Small cell carcinoma of the ovary (SCCO) is an exceedingly rare malignant neoplasm. It has been classified into two types: hypercalcemic and pulmonary type, the former being relatively more common. These are highly aggressive neoplasms with rapid down‐hill course and poor disease‐outcome. A high index of clinical suspicion, systematic radiological evaluation, and an early tissue diagnosis are a must for timely patient management and a better outcome. A definitive diagnosis can be established by demonstration of the characteristic morphologic and immunochemical features. We report a case of SCCO of pulmonary type in a peri‐menopausal female, presenting with a large abdomino‐pelvic mass, which was diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), by immunocytochemistry on cell‐block. In addition, cytological features of metastatic SCCO, pulmonary type, in the Papanicolaou stained liquid‐based cytology (SurePath) preparation are also presented. The current report highlights the diagnostic utility of FNAC in the diagnosis of such rare gynecological malignancies.
Landscape heterogeneity is key to forecasting outcomes of plant reintroduction
Authors: Caughlin T. Trevor , Damschen Ellen I. , Haddad Nick M. , Levey Douglas J. , Warneke Christopher , Brudvig Lars A.
Published: March 2019

Conservation and restoration projects often involve starting new populations by introducing individuals into portions of their native or projected range. Such efforts can help meet many related goals, including habitat creation, ecosystem service provisioning, assisted migration, and the reintroduction of imperiled species following local extirpation. The outcomes of reintroduction efforts, however, are highly variable, with results ranging from local extinction to dramatic population growth; reasons for this variation remain unclear. Here, we ask whether population growth following plant reintroductions is governed by variation at two scales: the scale of individual habitat patches to which individuals are reintroduced, and larger among‐landscape scales in which similar patches may be situated in landscapes that differ in matrix type, soil conditions, and other factors. Quantifying demographic variation at these two scales will help prioritize locations for introduction and, once introductions take place, forecast population growth. This work took place within a large‐scale habitat fragmentation experiment, where individuals of two perennial forb species were reintroduced into eight replicate ~50‐ha landscapes, each containing a set of five ~1‐ha patches that varied in their degree of isolation (connected by habitat corridors or unconnected) and edge‐to‐area ratio. Using data on individual growth, survival, reproductive output, and recruitment collected one to two years after reintroduction, we developed models to forecast population growth, then compared forecasts to observed population sizes, three and six years later. Both the type of patch (connected and unconnected) and identity of the landscape to which individuals were reintroduced had effects on forecasted population growth rates, but only variation associated with landscape identity was an accurate predictor of subsequently observed population growth rates. Models that did not include landscape identity had minimal forecasting ability, revealing the key importance of variation at this scale for accurate prediction. Of the five demographic rates used to model population dynamics, seed production was the most important source of forecast error in population growth rates. Our results point to the importance of accounting for landscape‐scale variation in demographic models and demonstrate how such models might assist with prioritizing particular landscapes for species reintroduction projects.
Course, risk factors, and adverse outcomes of disordered eating in pregnancy
Authors: Chan Chui Yi , Lee Antoinette M. , Koh Yee Woen , Lam Siu Keung , Lee Chin Peng , Leung Kwok Yin , Tang Catherine So Kum
Published: March 2019

Objective

Although eating disorders in pregnancy have been studied extensively, little research attention has been given to disordered eating. The objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalence and levels of disordered eating in the perinatal period, and to identify risk factors and adverse outcomes of disordered eating during pregnancy.

Method

A prospective longitudinal design with a quantitative approach was adopted. A consecutive sample of 1,470 Chinese pregnant women from hospitals in Hong Kong was assessed using standardized instruments at five time points from the first trimester to 6 months postpartum.

Results

The levels of disordered eating changed significantly across trimesters. Higher levels of disordered eating in pregnancy were significantly associated with higher levels of disordered eating at 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum, greater anxiety and depressive symptoms, lower 1‐min Apgar scores, and abnormal birth weight.

Discussion

The present study pointed to the need for more research and clinical attention to antenatal disordered eating given that it is associated with anxiety, depression, postpartum disordered eating and obstetric outcomes.
Host plants of the non‐swarming edible bush cricket Ruspolia differens
Authors: Opoke Robert , Nyeko Philip , Malinga Geoffrey M. , Rutaro Karlmax , Roininen Heikki , Valtonen Anu
Published: March 2019

The edible Ruspolia differens (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) is a widely‐consumed insect in East Africa but surprisingly little is known of its host plant use in the field. We studied host plants used by non‐swarming R. differens for 15 months, in central Uganda. In particular, we assessed the use of host plant species with respect to host cover in the field and host parts used by R. differens, also recording their sex, developmental stages, and colour morph. Ruspolia differens were found on 19 grass and two sedge species and they were observed predominantly (99% of 20,915 observations) on seven grasses (namely, Panicum maximum, Brachiaria ruziziensis, Chloris gayana, Hyparrhenia rufa, Cynodon dactylon, Sporobolus pyramidalis, and Pennisetum purpureum). Ruspolia differens was most frequently observed on the most common grass of each study site but P. maximum, and S. pyramidalis were used more frequently than expected from their cover in the field. Furthermore, R. differens were observed predominantly on inflorescences (97% of feeding observations) and much less frequently on the leaves (3.0%), stems (0.1%), and inflorescence stalks (0.1%) of grasses and sedges. Host use was not independent of sex, developmental stage, or colour morph. Panicum maximum was the preferred host of the youngest nymphs of R. differens. Overall, our findings indicate that a continuous supply of diverse grass resources with inflorescences is necessary for the management and conservation of wild populations of R. differens.
Microbial and animal nutrient limitation change the distribution of nitrogen within coupled green and brown food chains
Authors: Buchkowski Robert W. , Leroux Shawn J. , Schmitz Oswald J.
Published: March 2019

Numerous biotic mechanisms can control ecosystem nutrient cycling, but their full incorporation into ecological models or experimental designs can result in inordinate complexity. Including organismal nutrient limitation in models of highly dimensional systems (i.e., those with many nutrient pools/species) presents a critical challenge. We evaluate the importance of explicitly considering microbial and animal nutrient limitation to predict ecosystem nitrogen cycling across plant‐based and detritus‐based food chains. We investigate how eight factorial scenarios of microbial, herbivore, and microbi‐detritivore (i.e., omnivores consuming microbes and detritus) nitrogen or carbon limitation alter the stocks and flows of nitrogen in an ecosystem model. We used a combination of partial derivatives of model equilibrium solutions and numerical simulations using randomly drawn parameter sets to explore the impact of each nutrient limitation scenario on nutrient stocks and flows. We show that switching microbes, herbivores, or microbi‐detritivores from nitrogen to carbon limitation consistently altered the ecosystem response to changes in inorganic nitrogen supply, plant C:N ratio, and microbial C:N ratio. Organism nutrient limitation changed ecosystem nitrogen flows by altering the feedbacks between the abiotic and biotic pools. For example, microbi‐detritivore nutrient limitation determined whether the microbial response to changes in inorganic nitrogen supply and C:N ratios was dependent on the size of detrital carbon or detrital nitrogen pool. Such correlated responses among biotic and abiotic pools set up a network of predictable changes in ecosystem properties sensitive to organism nutrient limitation. Scenarios with microbial limitation were generally sufficient to capture the suite of ecosystem responses to increasing inorganic nitrogen supply, while scenarios with animal limitation added new behavior whenever C:N ratios changed. We make the case for explicitly considering both microbial and animal nutrient limitation when predicting the flow and distribution of nitrogen across green and brown food chains.
Multifunctional Lanthanide Complexes Based on Tetraazacyclolamidophenol Ligand with Field‐Induced Slow Magnetic Relaxation, Luminescent and SHG Properties
Authors: Wen He‐Rui , Zhang Jia‐Li , Liang Fu‐Yong , Yang Kai , Liu Sui‐Jun , Liu Cai‐Ming
Published: March 2019

Two multifunctional lanthanide complexes, namely [Dy(HL)]·CH3OH (1) and [Er(HL)]·CH3OH (2), [H4L = N,N′,N′′,N′′′‐tetra(3,5‐dimethyl‐2‐Hydroxybenzyl)‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane] were synthesized and structurally characterized. Complexes 1 and 2 are isomorphic and crystallize in the non‐centrosymmetric orthorhombic space group Pca21. Their structure consists of one seven‐coordinated LnIII ion with the coordination geometry of trigonal prism, one HL3– ligand and one lattice methanol molecule. They exhibit second‐harmonic generation (SHG) effect. Complex 1 displays strong fluorescent emissions, which are typical narrow emission bands of lanthanide ions. In addition, complex 1 features field‐induced slow magnetic relaxation behavior. Therefore, complex 1 may be a potential multifunctional molecular material.
Ammonium Persulfate Promotes Radical Cyclization of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl‐Ugi 4‐CR Adducts: Synthesis of Polysubstituted γ‐Lactams in Aqueous Media
Authors: Borja‐Miranda Andrés , Sánchez‐Chávez Anahí Carolina , Polindara‐García Luis A.
Published: March 2019

The development of a practical and efficient combinatorial synthesis of γ‐lactams from 1,3‐dicarbonyl‐Ugi 4‐CR adducts by means of a radical cyclization–oxyamination process promoted by ammonium persulfate and TEMPO is described. The two‐step methodology allows the construction of a series of polysubstituted γ‐lactams with a high atom economy in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions.
Depression and suicidal ideation in high‐performance athletes suffering from low back pain: The role of stress and pain‐related thought suppression
Authors: Konietzny Kerstin , Chehadi Omar , Levenig Claudia , Kellmann Michael , Kleinert Jens , Mierswa Tobias , Hasenbring Monika Ilona
Published: March 2019

Background

Depression and suicidal ideation are important health problems in athletes suffering from pain. Dysfunctional pain cognitions, that is, pain‐related thought suppression (PTS), may play an important role in their aetiology. Thought suppression was shown to increase depressive mood, particularly in highly stressed individuals. This cross‐sectional study examines the relationship between PTS and stress on depression and suicidal ideation in athletes with pain.

Methods

A total of 159 athletes with non‐specific low back pain completed a set of questionnaires to measure PTS, depression and stress. Participants were split into groups with high and low stress, and high and low PTS. Two‐way ANOVA calculated main effects for PTS, stress and a PTS*stress interaction, with depressive symptoms as dependent. Subsequently, distribution tests were calculated, investigating if the presence of clinically relevant depression and suicidal ideation is dependent of conditions of high/low PTS and stress.

Results

A main effect of stress demonstrated higher depression scores in highly stressed athletes. Further, a significant PTS*stress interaction showed elevated depression scores in athletes with high PTS and high stress. Distribution analysis revealed positive associations between PTS, stress and depression, with depression being most frequent among athletes with high PTS and high stress. Suicidal ideation was not significantly associated with PTS and only weakly correlated with stress.

Conclusions

Our findings show that PTS is the most common pain response in athletes with pain. The results indicate a higher prevalence of depression and elevated depressive symptoms in athletes experiencing high stress, seemingly more pronounced when highly engaging in PTS.

Significance

This study contributes to the understanding of depression in athletes with pain, suggesting stress and pain‐related thought suppression to increase symptoms and prevalence of depression. As athletes often experience acute or chronic pain, understanding the impact of pain cognitions on health outcomes is an important step in the optimization of treatments.
Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate as a Chemical Indicator for Phthalic Acid Esters: An Investigation into Phthalic Acid Esters in Cultivated Fields and E-Waste Dismantling Sites
Authors: Liu Shuangshuang , Peng Yuanfeng , Lin Qintie , Xiao Rongbo , Luo Haoyu , Liao Xiaoyong , Yin Guangcai , Liu Qianjun
Published: March 2019

Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) represent an ongoing pollution problem and have attracted extensive attention due to their ubiquitous presence in the environment. We investigated the distribution of 6 PAEs (benzyl butyl phthalate [BBP], dibutyl phthalate [DBP], di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [DEHP], diethyl phthalate [DEP], dimethyl phthalate [DMP], and di-n-octyl phthalate [DnOP]) in cultivated soils, including vegetable fields and paddy fields, as well as the soils of E-waste dismantling sites. We also explored the relationship between the particle size of soils and the distribution of PAEs, put forward a novel method to forecast the occurrence and fate of PAEs in soils with DEHP used as a chemical indicator, and made a preliminary assessment of the potential ecological risks of the 6 target compounds in soils. The results showed that the detection rate of target PAEs was 100%, and that the concentrations of ∑6PAEs ranged from 1.2 to 7.3 mg/kg in vegetable fields, 1.2 to 1.5 mg/kg in paddy fields, and 11.8 to 17.9 mg/kg in E-waste dismantling sites. In addition, DEHP exhibited the maximum concentrations (0.480–15.34 mg/kg) in all soil samples. The results also showed that in the wake of decreasing particle size, increasing soil organic carbon would enhance the sorption of PAEs in soils. Moreover, the correlation formula of DEHP successfully predicted the concentrations of other PAEs and ∑ 6PAEs in soils, suggesting that DEHP could be a dependable chemical indicator for forecasting the environmental occurrence of PAEs in soils. Based on the residual levels in the trial sites and limited toxicity data, high risks to soil organisms are expected for DBP, DEP, and DEHP, and low–medium risks for BBP, DnOP, and DMP. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;00:1–11. © 2019 SETAC
Direct and Unobtrusive Measures of Informal STEM Education Outcomes
Authors: Fu Alice C. , Kannan Archana , Shavelson Richard J.
Published: March 2019

The free‐choice nature of informal STEM education (ISE) makes rigorous and contextually appropriate evaluation of outcomes challenging. Traditional measures such as surveys and interviews have been widely used in ISE evaluations, but they have limitations: They are typically self‐reports that are susceptible to the reactive effects of measurement, and they tend to intrude upon the participant's learning experience. The ISE field needs measures that capture outcomes in more direct and less obtrusive ways, permitting triangulation with multiple measures on outcomes. In this chapter, we define what we mean by direct and unobtrusive measures, and we discuss the feasibility and future of using such measures in ISE evaluations by drawing on examples from the field. We include a case study in which we adapt a school‐based performance assessment to embed into the informal learning experiences of participants at a STEM tinkering workshop; and we highlight successes, challenges, and implications for the future.
Shared Measures for Evaluating Common Outcomes of Informal STEM Education Experiences
Authors: Grack Nelson Amy , Goeke Megan , Auster Ryan , Peterman Karen , Lussenhop Alexander
Published: March 2019

Since the late 2000s, interest in the development and use of shared measures in the informal science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education (ISE) field has increased. The intent is to build the capacity of evaluators to measure common outcomes of ISE experiences. We begin this chapter with a definition of shared measures, a description of related technical qualities of these measures, and a discussion of benefits and concerns around the use of shared measures. We then review recent conversations and developments around shared measures, including examples of observational and survey tools to measure common ISE outcomes. Three case studies of shared measure efforts provide an in‐depth look into the development of shared survey measures and highlight promising lessons for future initiatives. Building from these successes, we outline recommendations for the future of shared measures in ISE. These include adopting a multifaceted approach to enhancing measurement capacity among evaluators, supporting new kinds of collaborative work among evaluators, and increasing access to instruments and tools.
Evaluating Informal STEM Education: Issues and Challenges in Context
Authors: Allen Sue , Peterman Karen
Published: March 2019

We define “informal STEM education” and explain some of the reasons its outcomes are so inherently challenging to evaluate, including the critical need for ecological validity and the fact that many informal learning experiences are low‐visibility and opportunistic. We go on to highlight significant advances in the field, starting with the fundamental embracing of learning outcomes that go well beyond narrow measures of knowledge and skills, to include interest, engagement, and identity‐building. Within that framework, we note the development of shared constructs and shared instruments emerging in multiple sectors of informal STEM education. We also highlight advances in unobtrusive instrumentation and powerful analytic techniques that make it possible to evaluate learners’ unfolding experiences more directly than ever before. Finally, we point to underlying factors that support a growing and maturing professional community of informal STEM learning evaluators, and some of the “learning ecosystem” metaphors that frame their thinking.