bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Não brancos(as) e periféricos(as): histórias da docência no Brasil
Authors: Barros Surya Aaronovich Pombo de , Bezerra Amália Cristina Dias da Rocha
Published: October 2020

RESUMO Trata-se de pesquisa sobre a docência no Brasil em perspectiva histórica. Com base em raça, classe, gênero e território, analisam-se trajetórias docentes no Brasil entre metade do século XIX e início do século XX. Utilizam-se documentos oficiais, jornais e fotografias como fontes primárias. Os aportes teóricos da história social e da história social da educação embasam a análise. Conclui-se sobre a urgência de incluir as categorias analíticas abordadas em trabalhos sobre a docência, privilegiando não brancos(as) e periféricos(as), que compuseram importante parte de professores(as) brasileiros(as).
Influence of the cracking consideration in the displacements of a shallow tunnel lined in steel-reinforced concrete: numerical model
Authors: Jensen Betina Mariano , Bernaud Denise , Campos Filho Américo
Published: October 2020

abstract: The study of shallow tunnels introduces different aspects when compared to deep tunnels analysis. Among these characteristics can be emphasized the non-uniform shape of the deformed cross-section and the impossibility of some simplifications such as the consideration of homogeneous stresses around the excavation. Since the tunnel lining is subject to combined bending and compression, shallow tunnels are more susceptible to the development of final tensile stresses (not founded in deep tunnels) and the consequent concrete cracking. This paper presents a numerical simulation in finite elements with the ANSYS software. The purpose of the study is to analyze the cracking influence in the displacements of shallow tunnels, treating the concrete behavior by three different models: elastic, viscoelastic and viscoelastic with cracking effects.
Metal magnesium industry waste for partial replacement of Portland cement
Authors: Martins Maysa Lorena Figueiredo , Barreto Richard Rodrigues , Soares Junior Paulo Roberto Ribeiro , Pinheiro Ivete Peixoto , Bezerra Augusto Cesar da Silva
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT: The high demand for concrete has triggered studies on the mitigation of Portland cement production impacts, such as greenhouse gas emissions and energy demands, in addition to enabling cost reduction. Partial replacement of cement with other materials has been employed as an alternative to minimize the damage caused by the cement industry. In this regard, it is necessary to use materials that efficiently replace cement clinker. This study uses waste generated from the production of metallic magnesium as a partial replacement for Portland cement. The substitution is aimed at reducing the amount of clinker used, as its production necessitates high energy consumption and results in emission of large quantities of CO2 into the atmosphere. The tailings were characterized via X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and granulometric analysis. For evaluating the mechanical behavior and porosity, 25% of the cement (by mass) was replaced with tailings, and the resulting composite was molded into cylindrical specimens. After curing for 28 and 91 days, all specimens underwent compression testing. The results of the physical characterization showed that more than 65% of the tailing grain was lesser than 45 μm in size, which contributes to the packaging effect. In terms of the chemical and mineralogical composition, the tailing had high levels of calcium, and the predominant phases could be identified. The compressive strength of the mortar with substitution was higher than 40 MPa. The convergence observed between the results of the different characterization techniques demonstrates the efficiency of using the waste as a supplementary cementitious material.
Design considerations on the influence of slab continuity on punching resistance of flat slabs
Authors: Oliveira Fernanda Gabriella Batista Santos , Soares Luis Fernando Sampaio , Vollum Robert Lars
Published: October 2020

abstract: This paper assesses the influence of slab continuity on the punching resistance of a realistically proportioned flat slab floor plate without shear reinforcement. The edge column punching resistance of a symmetric flat slab extending bays in each direction was assessed by means of NLFEA with TNO DIANA, MC2010 levels II, III, IV, Eurocode 2 and NBR 6118. Both Eurocode 2 and NBR 6118 are seen to give similar predictions for punching resistance, while MC2010, which is based on the Critical Shear Crack Theory and depends on how rotations are calculated and FE modelling assumptions, varies significantly with its levels of approximation with Level IV agreeing reasonably well with predictions from NLFEA. Direction for the critical rotations is shown to vary and can also be influenced by the reinforcement over the span. For EC2, NBR 6118 and MC2010 LoA II and III punching shear design are independent of span, unlike the results obtained with MC2010 LoA IV.
Discrete-element modelling of pile penetration to reveal influence of soil characteristics
Authors: Gezgin Ahmet Talha , Soltanbeigi Behzad , Cinicioglu Ozer
Published: October 2020

Soil response to pile penetration has both macro- and micro-mechanical aspects. At both scales, the properties of the particles and their interactions with each other control behaviour. Unfortunately, examination of particle-scale effects during penetration is not possible with either physical modelling or using continuum-based numerical models. The discrete-element method provides a powerful medium for modelling soils as particulate materials and can be used to investigate pile–soil interaction. However, such models are computationally demanding and need extensive optimisation, which in turn requires an understanding of the influences of soil characteristics on the mechanics. For this purpose, a series of pile penetration models was designed using three-dimensional discrete-element models. Structural parameters such as model dimensions and pile properties were kept constant while the soil characteristics were varied one at a time. This allowed uncoupled observation of the influences of individual soil characteristics including stiffness, inter-particle friction, rolling friction, average size, shape, packing density and grain size distribution. The results are presented in graphical form and their implications with respect to modelling are discussed.
Mass sport in the Gdańsk lands in the years 1945–1989
Authors: Połaniecka Agnieszka , Jaroszewski Julian
Published: October 2020

After the Second World War, physical culture in Poland undoubtedly became an instrument for strengthening the position of communist authorities in public. However, despite the unfavourable political aspects, participation in mass sport has definitely contributed to the integration of local community, followed by collective social initiatives. The rebuilding of structures of physical culture in Pomerania proceeded differently in comparison to other areas of our country. Several factors contributed to this, including economic, social and demographic changes that took place after the end of warfares, which were closely related to the process of settling and developing the Regained Territories. The Society of Physical Culture Propagation had the most important role in the dissemination of physical culture. It was followed by: Provincial Sports, Tourism and Leisure Center named Balt-Tourist, with its counterparts at the lower organizational level, The Municipal Sport, Tourism and Recreation Centers of Gdańsk, Gdynia and Sopot, which often organized Saturday and Sunday leisure time as well as The Polish Tourist – Sightseeing Society, while among youth organizations the Polish Scouting Association. The term “mass sport” was a product of the PRL period, to a large extent its existence was a fiction, along with the progressing ideologisation of physical culture, based on the Soviet model. At the same time, the proposed activities were a form of spending free time and the possibility of joint family activities, integration of the local community.
EFL learners’ experience of a MALL-based vocabulary learning tool
Authors: Alhadiah Abdullah
Published: October 2020

Since vocabulary learning plays a crucial role in the journey of language learning, various programs and mobile applications have been developed to assist vocabulary learning. However, the effectiveness of MALL-based (mobile-assisted language learning) tools can be determined by examining the perception of users, who are learners in this case, because, as Beres (2011) emphasized, learners do not always perceive learning tool effectiveness in the same way as educators. Thus, the primary purpose of this study is to investigate the perspectives of learners regarding the use of one of the programs that can be used for vocabulary learning — Quizlet. The perceptions of thirty-eight Saudi EFL (English as a Foreign Language) freshmen college students regarding the use of Quizlet for fourteen weeks were examined using questionnaires and interviews. The main findings of the study show that the students demonstrated positive attitudes towards the use of Quizlet in English vocabulary learning. They perceived it as a useful program that was easy to use, and they reported the intention to use it in the future. The present study highly recommends the use of MALL-based tools for vocabulary learning for their usefulness inside and outside the classroom.
Static infographics effects on the receptive knowledge of idiomatic expressions
Authors: Alrajhi Assim S.
Published: October 2020

Idiomatic expressions are essential components of EFL learners’ linguistic repertoire. Nevertheless, learning such inherently perplexing language constructs poses a challenge to learners. Therefore, the present study was motivated by examining a modern tool (infographics) that is relatively under-researched in EFL settings and potentially conducive to fruitful vocabulary learning. Grounded in dual coding (DCT) and cognitive load (CLT) theories, this study aims to examine the effectiveness of visualizing English idioms via static infographics. Data were collected using three instruments (a pre-/post-test, an attitude questionnaire, and semi-structured interviews) in a mixed-method design. The participants consisted of 78 Arabic speaking students at a Saudi university. Divided equally into two groups, these participants were instructed to learn 60 idioms in five computer-mediated sessions. Students in the control group studied the target idioms via online texts, whereas those in the experimental group studied them via online static infographics. The findings show that despite the significant increase in the post-test scores of both groups, the treatment group outperformed the control group as indicated by the statistically significant difference in scores. Consequently, the findings signify a high potential of static infographics to foster receptive knowledge of idioms. Moreover, the participants show positive attitudes toward the utility of static infographics on learning idioms. Meanwhile, the qualitative findings reveal a number of compelling factors induced by productive constituents and adequate content of the infographics. Those factors are conducive to effective learning and retention, triggering motivation and interests, promoting autonomous and efficient learning, and attracting learners’ attention.
Do reading boredom and reading boredom coping strategies predict reading comprehension performance? An empirical investigation of Saudi EFL learners
Authors: Shehzad Muhammad Waleed , Ahmed Rida , Razzaq Shazma , Akhtar Amer , Hasan Md. Kamrul
Published: October 2020

Boredom is a well-researched concept in various contexts; nonetheless, there is scarceness of research related to the relationship of boredom with reading comprehension performance in EFL context. Therefore, this study intends to determine the connection between reading boredom and reading comprehension performance by employing reading boredom coping strategies as a mediator. A quantitative research approach, and a cross-sectional and correlational research design was employed to conduct this study. Questionnaires and a reading comprehension test were used to collect data from 306 Saudi EFL students. Findings indicated that reading boredom showed a significant but negative relationship with reading comprehension performance. Also, reading boredom was positively and significantly related to reading boredom coping strategies. Moreover, reading boredom coping strategies showed a positive and significant relationship with reading comprehension performance. Lastly, findings indicated that reading boredom coping strategies mediated the association between reading boredom and reading comprehension performance. On the basis of aforementioned findings, numerous recommendations for EFL students, teachers, and policymakers were offered.
Progress in the study of phenology cholupa (Passiflora maliformis L.) in producing areas of Colombia
Authors: Molano-Avellaneda Zulma , Miranda-Lasprilla Diego , Ocampo-Pérez John
Published: October 2020

The cholupa or stone granadilla (Passiflora maliformis L.) is one of the eight cultivated species of the genus Passiflora L. However, knowledge about the phenological development of this species has not been investigated. This study aimed to assess some aspects of phenology of cholupa growth in vegetative and reproductive phases in the town of Rivera (Colombia). For this, plant phenology during vegetative and reproductive phases of growth was evaluated by weekly measurements of length and number of stem nodes, primary and secondary branches, and longitudinal and transverse fruit diameter in commercial crops. The curves were obtained that describe the dynamics of growth of the main stem and primary and secondary branches and their respective equations by curve fitting technique, which was fitted to sigmoidal-logistic models with high statistical reliability. The time from anthesis to fruit maturity was between 50 and 60 days; the final longitudinal and transverse diameters averaged 54 and 53 mm, respectively. The phenological BBCH scale was established for the major phenological stages (E1: leaf development of the main stem, E3: stem elongation, E5 and E6: appearance and development of floral organs and flowering, and E7: fruit development). These aspects of cholupa development were similar to the ones reported for other Passiflora species and are very useful results to define agronomic practices in cultivation and breeding programs.
Diagnostic possibilities of sonography in lumbosacral pain
Authors: Mironov S. P. , Burmakova G. M. , Saltykova V. G. , Eskin N. A.
Published: October 2020

Ultrasound examination results of 83 athletes and ballet dancers with lumbar-sacral pain syndrome caused by osteochondrosis, spondylolysis of lower lumbar vertebrae, pathology of lumbar-sacral spine ligaments are presented. Technique of ultrasonography of the lumbar spine from anterior and posterior accesses is given. Pathological changes in various structures lumbar spine (intervertebral disks, ligamentous system) at overloading are described. The advantages of ultrasonography, i.e. informativeness, low invasiveness, possibility of the repeated examination during the treatment are noted.
Intraosseous blood pressure
Authors: Nazarov E. A. , Seleznev A. V.
Published: October 2020

The study of the etiology and pathogenesis of many bone diseases, restoration of its integrity after injuries in terms of the state of bone circulation is still relevant. In the complex mechanism of bone nutrition, not only its blood supply is important, but also increased interstitial (intraosseous) pressure compared to other tissues, the slightest deviations from the norm can lead to trophic disorders [16].
The problem of childhood disability due to orthopedic pathology and the tasks of an orthopedist during medical rehabilitation
Authors: Solovieva K. S. , Bityukov K. A.
Published: October 2020

Based on the analysis of different documentation it was detected that children with orthopaedic pathology made up 17.1%) of total invalids population. The main causes of pediatric invalidity due to orthopedic pathology are presented. Program of individual medical rehabilitation is suggested.
Lengthening of Finger Stump and Elimination of Phalanges and Metacarpal Bone Shortening
Authors: Korshunov V F , Magdiev D A , Barsuk V I , Korshunov V F , Magdiev D A , Barsuk V I
Published: October 2020

The experience in treatment of 369 patients with stumps, shortenings and defects of finger phalanges and metacarpal bones is presented. Distraction method alone and distraction with combination of bone autoplasty were used. Thirty patients (8,1%) with amputated stumps, 77 patients (20,9%) with ununited and 93 patients (25,2%) with malunited fractures were treated using distraction only. In 42 patients (11,4%) with amputation stumps, 29 patients (7,9%) with pseudoarthroses, 31 patients (8,4%) with ununited, 28 patients (7,6%) with malunited fractures and in 39 patients (10,6%) with the defects of articular ends and metacarpal bones the distraction in combination with bone autoplasty was performed. Long term results were evaluated in 281 patients (76,1%). Good results were achieved in 163 patients (58%), satisfactory - in 111 (39,5%) and unsatisfactory - in 7 patients (2,5%).
Hospital Lethality in Concomitant Injury and Possi­bility of Its Reduction
Authors: Bondarenko A. B , Peleganchuk V. A , Gerasimova O. A
Published: October 2020

Hospital lethality in victims with polytrauma who had been treated at specialized Polytrauma Center (Barnaul City Hospital # 1) during 1997-2002 was analyzed. Total number of patients made up 3878 including 617 (15,9%) lethal cases. It was shown that the level of hospital lethality was dependent upon such factors as age, inner organs and cranio-cerebral injuries, severity of both traumatic shock and cranio-cerebral injury. Authors believe that after emergency specialized care all patients with concomitant injury independently of a dominant injury should be hospitalized to special department of multiple and concomitant injury. In 2000 such de­partment was organized within the structure of Center and that enabled to reduce hospital lethality from 18,2% to 13,4%.
Surgical Treatment of Intraarticular Tibial Condyle Fractures
Authors: Pankov I. O
Published: October 2020

Fifty patients with intraarticular fractures of tibial condyle were treated by transosseous osteo­synthesis with application of external fixation devices. Peculiarities of transosseous osteosynthe­sis in various types of intraarticular condyle fractures have been described. In 44 patients the follow up period made up 1—12 years. Favorable results have been noted in 43 (97.7%) patients including excellent and good results in 35 (79.5%) patients.
Plasty of Spongy Bone Defects Using Porous Supportive Implants in Tibial Plato Fracture
Authors: Kazantsev А. В , Golubev V. G , Enikeev M. G , Korableva N. N , Shestakov D. Yu
Published: October 2020

During the period from 2002 to 2004 fifty six patients with tibial condyles fractures (57 fractures) were operated on. In 41 (71.9%) cases osteosynthesis was performed after arthroscopic diagno­sis. In 38 (66.7%) patients with fractures of types B2, ВЗ, C2 and C3 by AO classification bone defect plasty using porous nikelide-titanum implant was performed. In 8 (14.0%) patients with fractures of type B2 porous implant was used to fix the lifted tibial plato without additional metal fixative. Depending on the type of fracture cannulated screws (17 fractures, 29.8%), AO support­ive plates (31 fractures, 54.4%), staple (1 fractures, 1.8%) were applied. Postoperative immobi­lization was performed by hinged orthesis with adjustable angle of movements and plaster splint. Treatment results were observed at terms from 6 months to 2 years in 47 patients (48 fractures). Excellent result was achieved in 43.8%, good — in 47.9%, satisfactory — in 8.3% of cases.
Treatment of Posttraumatic Lower Limbs Length Discrepancy without Breach of Bone Integrity in combination with Deformity in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Merkulov V N , Dorokhin A I , Dambinimaev Anatoliy Vladimirovich , Merkulov V N , Dorokhin A I , Dambinimaev A V
Published: October 2020

During the period from 1994 to 2009 two hundred nine children (aged 2 - 18 years) with posttraumatic lower limbs length discrepancy without breach of bone integrity in combination with deformity were treated on. Corrective osteotomy or the combination with elongating osteotomy by monolocal methods were the main treatment techniques. Bi- and polylocal techniques were mainly applied when deformity was localized in an unfavorable for elongation zone and in significant shortening. A risk group for delayed regenerate ossification was identified. In that group treatment was supplemented with preventive bone plasty using either auto- or allografts in the zone of osteotomy. For objective complex evaluation of distraction regenerate condition in dynamics roentgenologic examination and ultra-sound investigation as well as elaborated method for determination of relative bone regenerate mineral density were used. The latter method enabled to study the regenerate density using digital image of standard roentgenogram and graphic computer program. Differentiated approach to the treatment and monitoring of distraction regenerate condition enabled to achieve excellent and good results in 84% of cases.
Earthquake Magnitude Scaling Using Peak Ground Velocity Derived from High-Rate GNSS Observations
Authors: Fang Rongxin , Zheng Jiawei , Geng Jianghui , Shu Yuanming , Shi Chuang , Liu Jingnan
Published: October 2020

Rapid response to destructive tsunami and seismic events requires rapid determination of the earthquake magnitude. We propose a new method that employs peak ground velocities (PGVs) derived from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data to estimate earthquake magnitudes. With a total of 1434 records from 22 events as the constraints, we perform the regression and obtain a PGV scaling law for magnitude determination. The advantage of the new method is that the PGVs are extracted from the GNSS velocity waveforms, which can be easily computed using broadcast GNSS ephemeris. In contrast, the peak ground displacement (PGD) depends on a sophisticated high-precision GNSS-processing subject to external correction data, realization of which cannot be kept robust constantly, especially in real time. The results show that the PGV magnitudes agree with reported moment magnitudes with mean absolute deviation of 0.26 magnitude units for the 22 events and also agree well with the PGD magnitude. We further demonstrate that GNSS-derived PGV and the modified Mercalli intensity values can be consistent with their counterparts from the U.S. Geological Survey ShakeMap products and therefore the GNSS-derived PGVs have the potential to be included in the ShakeMap as a complementary constraint, especially in areas with sparse seismic station coverage for large earthquake.
Understanding Seismic Waves Generated by Train Traffic via Modeling: Implications for Seismic Imaging and Monitoring
Authors: Lavoué François , Coutant Olivier , Boué Pierre , Pinzon-Rincon Laura , Brenguier Florent , Brossier Romain , Dales Philippe , Rezaeifar Meysam , Bean Christopher J.
Published: October 2020

Trains are now recognized as powerful sources for seismic interferometry based on noise correlation, but the optimal use of these signals still requires a better understanding of their source mechanisms. Here, we present a simple approach for modeling train-generated signals inspired by early work in the engineering community, assuming that seismic waves are emitted by sleepers regularly spaced along the railway and excited by passing train wheels. Our modeling reproduces well seismological observations of tremor-like emergent signals and of their harmonic spectra. We illustrate how these spectra are modulated by wheel spacing, and how their high-frequency content is controlled by the distribution of axle loads over the rail, which mainly depends on ground stiffness beneath the railway. This is summarized as a simple rule of thumb that predicts the frequency bands in which most of train-radiated energy is expected, as a function of train speed and of axle distance within bogies. Furthermore, we identify two end-member mechanisms—single stationary source versus single moving load—that explain two types of documented observations, characterized by different spectral signatures related to train speed and either wagon length or sleeper spacing. In view of using train-generated signals for seismic applications, an important conclusion is that the frequency content of the signals is dominated by high-frequency harmonics and not by fundamental modes of vibrations. Consequently, most train traffic worldwide is expected to generate signals with a significant high-frequency content, in particular in the case of trains traveling at variable speeds that produce truly broadband signals. Proposing a framework for predicting train-generated seismic wavefields over meters to kilometers distance from railways, this work paves the way for high-resolution passive seismic imaging and monitoring at different scales with applications to near-surface surveys (aquifers, civil engineering), natural resources exploration, and natural hazard studies (landslides, earthquakes, and volcanoes).
Semisupervised Learning for Seismic Monitoring Applications
Authors: Linville Lisa , Anderson Dylan , Michalenko Joshua , Galasso Jennifer , Draelos Timothy
Published: October 2020

The impressive performance that deep neural networks demonstrate on a range of seismic monitoring tasks depends largely on the availability of event catalogs that have been manually curated over many years or decades. However, the quality, duration, and availability of seismic event catalogs vary significantly across the range of monitoring operations, regions, and objectives. Semisupervised learning (SSL) enables learning from both labeled and unlabeled data and provides a framework to leverage the abundance of unreviewed seismic data for training deep neural networks on a variety of target tasks. We apply two SSL algorithms (mean-teacher and virtual adversarial training) as well as a novel hybrid technique (exponential average adversarial training) to seismic event classification to examine how unlabeled data with SSL can enhance model performance. In general, we find that SSL can perform as well as supervised learning with fewer labels. We also observe in some scenarios that almost half of the benefits of SSL are the result of the meaningful regularization enforced through SSL techniques and may not be attributable to unlabeled data directly. Lastly, the benefits from unlabeled data scale with the difficulty of the predictive task when we evaluate the use of unlabeled data to characterize sources in new geographic regions. In geographic areas where supervised model performance is low, SSL significantly increases the accuracy of source-type classification using unlabeled data.
Molecular Pathways of Prostate Carcinoma
Authors: BAYRAMOĞLU Zeynep , ÜNAL Betül
Published: October 2020

Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer with rapidly growing incidence rates in the world. The incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer are widely variable in different populations. The prostate cancer includes multiple genetic modifications such as deletion in specific genome sequences of tumor-suppressor genes and alterations in specific chromosomal sites associated with oncogene activation. It is difficult to determine whether the hereditary changes leading to prostate cancer are associated with one or more specific genetic features. Prostate carcinogenesis is complex and has not been fully explained. If we can better understand prostate carcinogenesis, we can also find targeted therapy. Therefore, we talked about the major genetic and epigenetic changes involved in prostate carcinoma.
Отечественное детское телевидение: к вопросу ретроспективной периодизации
Authors: Ключевская Олеся Сергеевна
Published: October 2020

Изменяющиеся информационно-технические условия в медиасреде усилили воздействие телевизионного и детского контента на подрастающее поколение. В современном научном дискурсе анализ исторического прошлого детского российского телевидения недостаточно представлен, в то время как изучение отечественного контента для детей вретроспективе может способствовать осознанию проблем функционирования современного детского российского телевидения, а значит, и поиску способов совершенствования организации и содержания передач для детей, что и является целью данного исследования. Путем теоретического и сравнительного анализа, по-новому рассматрены этапы и периоды детского телевидения в разные годы (выявлены основные расхождения, сходства и взаимосвязи). Определены два основных этапа отечественного детского телевидения, которые подразделяются на периоды:1) советский этап – появление и развитие советского детского вещания в СССР: зарождение (с 1939 по 1954)); создание системы советского детского вещания (1954–1970); подъем советского детского кинематографа и передач для детей (с 1970 г. до середины 1980-х гг.); перестроечный период (1985–1987) и 2) постсоветский этап (становление российского детского ТВ): период острого кризиса в детском телевещании (с 1987 по 1997г.); период интервенции западныхтелеканалов (1998 по 2005); начало реабилитации отечественного детского ТВ (с 2005 по 2010 гг.) 4) период- функционирования государственного федерального российского детского ТВ (с 2010 года по настоящее время).
Проблемы соблюдения речевого этикета в интернет-коммуникациях
Authors: Шаховалова Елена Геннадьевна , Шаховалов Николай Николаевич
Published: October 2020

Соблюдение речевого этикета в виртуальном общении – проблема современного общества. Культура составления электронных текстов в процессе переписки, правила вежливости и доброжелательности не соблюдаются большинством пользователей, нормативно-правовая база, регламентирующая деятельность сайтов социальных сетей, отсутствует. Вопрос чистоты русского языка, речевой культуры – ключевая экологическая проблема в области языкознания. Вместе с тем проблема соблюдения речевого этикета в интернет-коммуникациях обучающимися высшейшколы разработана недостаточно. В связи с этим авторами в целях выявления позиции участников виртуального общения к проблеме соблюдения речевого этикета в сети Интернет и их готовности к решению данного вопроса было проведено микроисследование среди обучающихся высшей школы. Даны характеристики основных форм и жанров интернет-коммуникаций, рассмотрены понятия «речевой этикет», «сетевой этикет», обоснована необходимость соблюдения речевого этикета в интернет-общении. Введение в интернет-пространство единых правил и нормвежливости позволит участникам виртуального общения сохранить экологию слова, традиции русского национального речевого этикета, как следствие, не разрушить самосознание и идентичность. Авторы также излагают аспекты соблюдения речевого этикета в сети Интернет.
Директивные речевые акты предписания (разрешения) и запрета в религиозном дискурсе
Authors: Омельченко Оксана Владимировна
Published: October 2020

Современный уровень развития лингвистической науки требует совмещения различных лингвистических парадигм и обнаруживает отсутствие дынных о функционировании различных речевых актов в разных типах дискурса – что определяет актуальность данного исследования. Цель исследования – проведение комплексного анализа религиозных предписаний и запретов, построение типологии и определение особенностей религиозных предписаний изапретов. В результате определена специфика религиозных предписаний и запретов (влияние на их построение и содержательное наполнение общей дидактической направленности религиозного дискурса); установлены характеристики предписаний и запретов (четкая адресатная направленность, эксплицитность), которые определяются сферой функционирования – религиозный дискурс; выделены основные типы религиозных предписаний (побуждающие, рекомендательные, разрешающие, обещающие) и запретов (предписания, инструкции, объяснения, требования, просьбы). Впервые установлена специфика речевых актов предписаний и запретов, функционирующих в религиозном дискурсе, выявлены структурно-семантические модели религиозных предписаний и запретов, определены их типы.
Assessment of acute kidney injury by urinary β2-MG and NAG in pediatric cancer patients prescribed with Cisplatin, Carboplatin, and Ifosfamide as the chemotherapeutic agents
Authors: Moafi Alireza , Basirkazeruni Hanieh , Reisi Nahid , Dehbashi Moein , Ghanbarinia Leila , Merrikhi Alireza
Published: October 2020

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as a failure in renal function leading to insufficiency of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. Thus, sensitive biomarkers of renal tubular injury are needed to detect AKI earlier. In this study, urinary beta 2-microglobulin (β2-MG) and urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) were evaluated for AKI prognosis/diagnosis in pediatric patients suffering different cancers prescribed with Ifosfamide, Ifosfamide plus Carboplatin, and Ifosfamide plus Cisplatin.
Materials and Methods: In this prospective study done in Isfahan, Iran, urinary β2-MG, urinary NAG, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum and urinary creatinine (Cr) were measured in 40 pediatric cancer patients less than 16 years old in three age groups during 61 courses of chemotherapy on day 0, three and six after the treatment.
Results: Using ANOVA and t-test, the mean levels of urinary β2-MG (p= 0.001), urinary β2-MG/Cr (p= 0.003) and urinary NAG/Cr (p= 0.001), before and on day six of the treatment were statistically significant (p< 0.05). Also, the mean levels of BUN (p= 0.01), urinary β2-MG (p= 0.001), β2-MG/Cr (p= 0.001) and NAG/Cr (p= 0.004) based on the gender groups, the mean levels of urinary NAG (p=0.001), NAG/Cr (p= 0.001) and β2-MG/Cr (p= 0.008) based on three age groups, and the mean levels of serum Cr (p= 0.047), urinary β2-MG (p= 0.005), β2-MG/Cr (p= 0.032) and NAG/Cr (p= 0.032) based on the Ifosfamide dosage were statistically significant during the time of the treatment.
Conclusion: Urinary β2-MG, urinary β2-MG/Cr, and urinary NAG/Cr are more significant biomarkers than serum Cr in earlier diagnosis and treatment of AKI in cancer patients. However, urinary NAG should be further studied to prove its reliability for AKI prognosis/diagnosis. It is suggested that urinary NAG can be used along with other renal biomarkers such as urinary β2-MG, kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1), or interleukin-18 (IL-18) for AKI prognosis/diagnosis.
Development of Slow Release Berberine- Containing Nanoliposome for Delivery to Bone Cancer Cells Saos2
Authors: Haghir Alsadat BiBi Fatemeh , Amirpour Zeinab , Nafisi Behrad
Published: October 2020

Background: Creating a new berberine liposome with high encapsulation efficiency and slow release formulation in the treatment of cancer is a new issue. Therefore, the aim of current study was to develop slow release berberine-containing nanoliposome for delivery to bone cancer cells Saos2.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, after synthesis nanoliposomal formulation, physical parameters, including size, zeta potential, and drug loading, in liposome were assessed using different techniques. Saos2 cell line was incubated in micro-plates containing Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) and FBS at 37˚C and 5% CO2. Cytotoxicity of nanoliposome was assessed using MTT assay. The release of drug from nanoliposome was assessed by dialysis method. P< 0.05 was assumed significant.
Results: The size of drug-free nanoliposome and drug nanoliposome (berberine-nanoliposome) was 112.1 and 114.9 nm, respectively. The zeta potential of drug-free nanoliposome and drug- nanoliposome was –16.1 and –1.9 mv, respectively. There was no significant difference between control and drug-free nanoliposome groups regarding viability (p>0.05). The viability of cells in different concentration of nanoliposome containing berberines in Saos2 cell line was significantly higher than that in free berberines (p<0.05). The release of berberine at temperature 37 º C and pH 7.4 showed that approximately 47% of the drug was released in the first 12 hours of study and then the slow release of drug was continued. IC50 value of free berberine and berberine containing nanoliposome was 137.3 and 52.2 µg / ml, respectively.
Conclusion: According to these findings, IC50 value of free berberine was 2.67 times more than berberine containing nanoliposome, indicating that nanoliposome containing berberine had more inhibition on growth of cancer cells than free berberine. In addition, the drug release was slow exposing the drug to the tumor for longer time at a lower dose and fewer injections, increasing the effect of the drug on cancer cells.
A Comparative Study of Transfusion Reactions in the Thalassemia Patients before and after Implementation of the Hemovigilance System in Yazd Province, Iran
Authors: Abbasinejad Fatemeh , Javadzadeh Shashshahani Hayedeh , Akhavan Ghalibaf Mahvash
Published: October 2020

Background: Patients with thalassemia major require frequent blood transfusions. Blood transfusion can lead to the adverse reactions. Reporting and evaluating the transfusion reactions are among the goals of implementing the hemovigilance system to improve blood recipients’ safety. This study aimed to compare the transfusion reactions in the thalassemia patients before and after implementation of the hemovigilance system in the Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd (Iran).
Materials and Methods:  In this historical cohort study conducted in 2018, the data of 87 patients with thalassemia major including age, sex, the total number of blood transfusions before and after the implementation of hemovigilance system, information about the occurrence of blood transfusion reactions, type, and severity of each reaction were recorded in the questionnaire. Paired-Samples T-test and Chi-Square test were used for data analysis.
Results: The mean age of the participants was equal to 19.69±8.41 years old and 52% of them were male. The age of onset of transfusion was 14.3±16.62 months with a range of 2 - 96 months. The relative frequency of transfusion reactions in the thalassemia patients was 0.74% and 0.81%, respectively before and after implementation of the hemovigilance system. Allergic (54%) and non-hemolytic febrile reactions (23%) were the most frequent transfusion reactions. Severe and life-threatening reactions were reported more frequently after implementation of the hemovigilance system compared to pre-implementation (p=0.007). Totally, 8% of the reactions were hemolytic reactions and 7.5% of the patients had unexpected alloantibodies identified after implementation of the hemovigilance system.
Conclusion: Documentation and reporting of the transfusion reactions after implementation of the hemovigilance system have resulted in reporting of more severe reactions and determination of the clinically significant alloantibodies. Therefore, prevention of the subsequent reactions and increasing the safety of the blood transfusion for the thalassemia patients could be provided, emphasizing the continuation of the system.
Tropical Conditions and Outbreak of COVID-19
Authors: Battineni Gopi , Chintalapudi Nalini , Amenta Francesco
Published: October 2020

Background: The new novel Coronavirus 2019 (nCOV-19 or COVID-19) has caused an unprecedented pandemic in humans. All nations have heightened their surveillances after the quick diagnosis of potential cases of the COVID-19. 
Objectives: Recent statistics have mentioned that virus outbreak in tropical countries is relatively low compared to cold nations. To support this conclusion, we considered the six main tropical regions to investigate the pandemic distribution at the initial phase. 
Methods: Chi-square test was applied to understand the correlation between outbreak and temperature changes. Significant probability P-value was set to P<0.01. P-values were calculated to both positive and death cases. 
Results: Out of 1211562 infected cases, 41776 cases (3.45%) were registered at high-temperature countries (P<0.0001) and 1161786 cases (96.55%) at other countries like European countries or the USA. Moreover, only 1433 mortality cases (2.2%) happened, and the remaining 97.8% of mortality happened among other nations.
Conclusion: Similar to other respiratory viruses like flu and influenza, there is a low outbreak of COVID-19 in tropical nations compared to the other countries. Apart from weather conditions, it is also recommended to follow the serious preventive measures imposed by governments to survive this novel epidemic.
Vergonha e segredo no contexto da família com um membro no cárcere
Authors: Bucher-Maluschke Julia Sursis Nobre Ferro , Capeleiro Gabrielle , Silva Jonas Carvalho e
Published: October 2020

Este é um estudo de caso realizado com uma mulher de 25 anos, durante o primeiro semestre de 2019, cujo objetivo é compreender o surgimento e a manutenção de segredos familiares envolvidos pelo sentimento de vergonha quando o cárcere se torna uma demonstração da situação de vulnerabilidade social. Foi realizada uma entrevista com roteiro semiestruturado para elaboração dos instrumentos: Genograma, Ecomapa e Ciclo Vital da entrevistada e de sua família. A descrição do caso se deu em dois aspectos: Período anterior ao delito, o delito e a prisão; e, Relações com familiares e amigos. Verificou-se que o sentimento de vergonha diante da prisão, a organização de segredos intrafamiliar e a incerteza da manutenção desse segredo ao longo da vida.  Destarte, a comunicação se apresentou como complicadora dos processos de resiliência na família.
A família no cuidado à pessoa com estomia de eliminação: funções da rede social
Authors: Simon Bruna Sodré , Budó Maria De Lourdes Denardin , Oliveira Stefanie Griebeler , Garcia Raquel Pötter , Dalmolin Angélica , Girardon-Perlini Nara Marilene Oliveira
Published: October 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as funções da rede social junto à família, no cuidado à pessoa com estomia de eliminação. Pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva realizada no primeiro semestre de 2013, no domicílio de sete famílias de pessoas com estomias de eliminação, em um município do interior do Rio Grande do Sul, totalizando 16 participantes, o que se deu por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e de observação simples registrada em diário de campo. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo temática, sendo identificadas três categorias: “A minha família ia buscar para mim”: ajuda material e de serviços; “Tu és normal, tu vais aprender a conviver com a estomia”: apoio emocional e companhia social; “Eu não sabia cortar e colocar a bolsa”: guia cognitivo e de conselhos. Como funções da rede social verificou-se: a ajuda material e de serviço, a companhia social, o apoio emocional e os guias cognitivo e de conselhos. A rede social investigada exercia suas funções interligadas ao desenvolvimento dos cuidados realizados diariamente pela família à pessoa com estomia de eliminação.
Concepções de Idosos sobre as Políticas (Inter) Nacionais do Envelhecimento Humano
Authors: De Melo Laércio Deleon , Arreguy-Sena Cristina , Pinto Paulo Ferreira , Gomes Antônio Marcos Tosoli , Santos Jessica De Castro , Brandão Marcos Antônio Gomes
Published: October 2020

Este é um estudo exploratório com abordagem qualitativa, realizado em 2015, que teve como objetivo analisar as percepções de idosos sobre o envelhecimento humano à luz dos contornos políticos (inter)nacionais. Pesquisou-se 93 idosos adstritos à Atenção Básica, com conteúdos categorizados segundo as políticas (inter)nacionais do envelhecimento humano. Coletaram-se dados de caracterização e realizaram-se entrevistas individuais segundo questões norteadoras. A análise de conteúdo apoiou-se no Software NVivo Pro11®, sendo o adensamento teórico (Pearson ≥0,7). Os discursos reiteraram os pilares (participação, saúde e segurança) e os determinantes de saúde (serviço social e de saúde, comportamentais, pessoais, ambiente físico, sociais e econômicos). Emergiram três categorias: 1) Engajamento, socialização e convivência intergeracional; 2) Saúde, bem-estar e redes de apoio e 3) Seguridade social, adaptação e qualidade de vida. Evidenciou-se o conhecimento reificado, mesmo que de forma implícita, nos discursos dos participantes referente a todos os pilares, determinantes, dimensões e eixos políticos (inter)nacionais.
Atraso na primeira consulta após percepção dos sinais/sintomas de câncer de mama
Authors: Oliveira Milena Edite Case de , Oliveira Tiago Almeida de , Santos Tácila Thamires De Melo , Andrade Lorena Sofia Dos Santos , Weller Mathias
Published: October 2020

Este é um estudo quantitativo e transversal realizado entre 2016 e 2019, em dois centros de referência em oncologia da Paraíba, que teve como objetivo identificar os fatores que levaram ao atraso entre a percepção dos sinais/sintomas do câncer de mama e a primeira consulta ao profissional de saúde. Foi considerado atraso quando esse intervalo foi maior que 60 dias. Participaram da pesquisa 141 mulheres. Para a análise estatística foram utilizadas a Análise de Kaplan-Meier e Regressão de Cox. Os resultados mostraram que mulheres que tinham acesso aos serviços de saúde particulares (IC 95%: 0.003-0.24, p<0,01), que realizavam exames de detecção precoce (IC 95%: 0.02-0.46, p <0,01) e que tiveram seus sintomas percebidos através de exames de rastreamento (IC 95%:0.05-0.79; p= 0,02) tinham menor risco de atraso. O estudo indica barreiras de acesso para as mulheres que utilizaram o serviço público do estado da Paraíba, bem como que a realização de exames de rastreamento apresenta-se como fator importante para a diminuição do atraso.
Tratamento restaurador atraumático no controle da cárie em escolares de um município do Oeste do Paraná
Authors: Pfeffer Helena , Salles Gabriela Nascimento , Baltazar Mariângela Monteiro de Melo , Berti Marina , Terreri André Luiz Marçal , Lima Daniela Pereira
Published: October 2020

Trata-se de um estudo transversal, composto por exame clínico das condições de saúde bucal e TRA, em crianças de 4 a 12 anos realizado em 2017, numa escola da cidade de Cascavel, com o objetivo de estimular o cuidado com a saúde bucal, aumentando a cobertura de serviços restauradores, o controle e prevenção da doença cárie em escolares. Os dados tiveram análise descritiva. Participaram 158 crianças e a maioria não foi indicada ao Tratamento Restaurador Atraumático (67,84%). Na dentição decídua a média de cariados, com extração indicada e obturados foi de 4,77. Em cariados perdidos e obturados por dente permanente a média foi de 0,41. Os tratamentos em ordem decrescente foram: restauração de 1 superfície (46,50%), 2 ou mais (24,04%), tratamento pulpar (6,01%), extração (5,46%) e 17,49% dos casos sem informação. Os resultados sugerem efetividade e a continuidade dessas ações, com vistas a melhora as condições de saúde bucal de escolares com acesso limitado a serviços odontológicos.
Análise dos indicadores de saúde bucal na Região Metropolitana de Curitiba-PR: avanços e retrocessos entre 2015-2017
Authors: Pinto Larissa Leonarda , Souza Gabriela Fonseca de , Lima Lara Cubis de , Ditterich Rafael Gomes
Published: October 2020

Este estudo objetivou avaliar a relação entre os indicadores de saúde bucal e cobertura pelas equipes de saúde bucal. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo e descritivo, considerando as cidades da região metropolitana de Curitiba/PR, correspondente aos anos 2015 a 2017, quanto a cobertura na Estratégia Saúde da Família e os principais indicadores de saúde. Realizou-se teste de correlação de Pearson. Quanto as maiores coberturas, entre 2015 a 2017 respectivamente, observou-se: primeira consulta programática, (p=0,017, r=0,503/ p=0,021, r=0,490/ p=0,021, r =0,487); escovação supervisionada (p<0,001, r=0,871/ p=0,034, r=0,454/ p<0,001; r=0,753); e exodontia (p<0,001, r=0,787/ p<0,001, r=0,735/ p<0,001; r=0,772). Verificou-se que a Emenda Constitucional 241/2016, causou diminuição na cobertura das equipes de saúde bucal, afetando as ações preventivas.