bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of sugar beet processing intermediates color using various treatment methods
Authors: Gorodetsky V O , Semenikhin S O , Daisheva N M , Lyusy I N , Kotlyarevskaya N I , Usmanov N M
Published: February 2021

The article presents the results of a study of the influence of raw juice obtaining methods, namely, using an extractant, acidified with sulfuric acid with the addition of a suspension of freshly prepared gypsum, and using an extractant, treated with sulfur dioxide, as well as subsequent treatment of obtained thin juices with sulfur dioxide before evaporation on the color of sugar beet processing intermediates. A brief description of methods to reduce intermediates color used in sugar industry–sulfitation, ion-exchange and active carbon treatment is given. The advantage of intermediates treatment with sulfur dioxide compared with treatment with ion exchange resins and activated carbon is theoretically justified. The methodology for setting up laboratory tests is given and substantiated. The color indicators of raw juices, thin juices and obtained thick juices are given. It was established that a single treatment of intermediates with sulfur dioxide at the stage of raw juice obtaining provides a decrease in thick juice color by 7.11 %, a single treatment before evaporation–by 29.70 %, and a double treatment at the stage of raw juice obtaining and before the evaporation station–by 38.37 %.
Improving the quality of functional fish products based on management and qualimetry methods
Authors: Yankovskaya V S , Dunchenko N I , Voloshina E S , Kuptsova S V , Fedotova O B , Mikhaylova K V
Published: February 2021

The article proposes a new fish product and process design approach, which includes qualimetry approaches (the property tree, a comprehensive method of qualimetric assessment, qualimetric scaling, expert qualimetry, qualimetric forecasting) and up-to-date quality management methods (ISO 9000, causal diagram, Quality Function Deployment–QFD), safety methods (ISO 22000, decision tree) as well as the results of the practical application of the new approach. The nomenclature of indicators of consumer requirements for the quality of fish cakes and the mandatory requirements of regulatory documentation have been identified, the most popular fish cakes brands among consumers have been identified, and the values of the most important indicators of the quality of fish cakes required by consumers are predicted: protein content (at least 17%), shelf life (12 months), a decrease in fat content (not more than 2.5%) and a price (not more than 50 rubles); moisture content ≤ 85%; the absence of pathogenic microorganisms as well as of artificial food additives and preservatives, the content of healthful functional components of non-synthetic origin. The recipe and production technology of fish cakes with the indicated properties have been developed. Measures have been taken to ensure the safety of the new product and five critical control points (CCP) have been identified, namely, raw material acceptance, weight mixing, frying fish cakes, freezing fish cakes, storage and sale of finished products. The analysis of experimental samples of fish cakes showed their advantage over analogues.
Analysis of kinetic and equilibrium adsorption of heavy metals by natural materials
Authors: Salishcheva O V , Tarasova Yu V , Lashitskiy S S , Moldagulova N E
Published: February 2021

One of the effective methods of cleaning up water is an adsorption method. The adsorption treatment is effectively used as a post-treatment after using treatment chemicals precipitators. You can use natural porous carbon-containing materials as obtained sorbents, as industrial waste, or cheap carbon raw modified by humans: ash, fines coconut, peat, activated carbon, active clay, bio- and phyto-sorbents, agricultural wastes (rice, barley, wheat husk, nutshells, bagasse, etc.). In this regard, there is a question of finding cheap natural sorbents with a high adsorption capacity. In this article we studied the regularity of extraction of heavy metal cations Cu2+, Co3+, Ni2+, Fe3+from aqueous solutions, using natural sorbents: husk cedar cones, pine nut meal, walnut partitions, pectin. Constancy of the concentration of heavy metal ions in the solution corresponds to the time of adsorption equilibrium (from 10 to 40 minutes). High adsorption capacity with respect to heavy metal ions showed pectin and proteinaceous materials. It is shown that the adsorption capacity of natural raw materials in relation to heavy metal ions increases by 20-30% due to modification of the surface of biosorbents. The degree of metals extraction from solution using a composition based on a peel cedar cones and pectin increases by 20-30% in comparison with pure husk of a cedar cone. According to the degree of extraction from the aqueous solution, metal ions are arranged in the row Fe3+>Co3+>Ni2+>Cu2+.
Optimal doses of fertilizer application against the background of resource-saving soil cultivation technologies in the Steppe zone of Russia
Authors: Pashtetsky V S , Turin E N , Zhenchenko K G
Published: February 2021

A stationary experiment presented the data on the effect of optimal and increased doses of organic and mineral fertilizers against the background of various tillage systems on productivity, quality and soil fertility of the southern chernozems of the steppe zone of Russia. The rotation of crops was as follows: complete fallow - winter wheat - winter barley - corn for green fodder - winter wheat - fallow occupied (Vika panonskaya + winter wheat) - winter wheat - spring barley - sunflower. The soil of the experimental plot is represented by southern low humus chernozem on loess like light clays, the humus horizon is up to 40–50 cm. The optimal fertilizer doses, irrespective of the method of cultivating the soil, increased the yield of grain crops of the crop rotation from 4.2 to 9.7 centners per hectare, green mass of corn and Wiko-wheat mixture by 15.2 and 48.5 centners per hectare, respectively. The glassiness of the grain in the control on average was 44.8%, the generally accepted dose of fertilizing increased it by 7%. Accordingly, the amount of raw gluten also increased with control—23.9%, 28.7, and 30%. Therefore, the optimal fertilizer doses affected the quality indicators, and a 1.5-fold increase in the dose increased the wheat grain quality indicators by only 0.7–0.9 times. The amount of protein in the grain of winter wheat and winter barley, spring barley increased with fertilizer from 10.1 to 12.7%. According to the fallow precursor (complete and seeded), higher quality indicators were obtained in comparison with non-steam precursors.
The specificity of production and processing of agricultural raw materials in the radioactively contaminated territory (by the example of Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident)
Authors: Dutov A I , Rodionov V Y , Puzanova L A
Published: February 2021

The article presents data on the specifics of production and processing of agricultural raw materials in a radioactively contaminated area. It is shown that in the remote period of development of the radio ecological situation after the Chernobyl accident, the total radiation dose of the population (95%) is still formed due to the consumption of crops in polluted territories. For this reason, in addition to economic feasibility, the technical specification for the production and processing of agricultural raw materials should clearly define environmental aspects, which include reducing the individual effective dose of radiation to the population by ensuring guaranteed radio ecological safety of agricultural products and raw materials, and collective - by reducing the consumption of radionuclide from the crop. Deep processing of agricultural raw materials is the most effective in the conditions of radioactively contaminated territory.
The study of indicators on quality of pectins from secondary plant raw materials of Krasnoyarsk region
Authors: Gubanenko G A , Pushkareva E A , Rechkina E A , Balyabina T A , Korbmakher T V , Strupan E A
Published: February 2021

The work presents the results of the study of organoleptic, physical-chemical safety indicators of pectins obtained from apples pomace, pears, black currants growing in the Krasnoyarsk region and their comparative analysis with the indicators of pectin quality of wood greens of Scots pine. Generally accepted methods of analysis were used for research. It was found that the maximum yield of blackcurrant pomace was 42.6%, and pectin from apples pomace - 8.15% in comparison with other objects of study. Each type of pectin is characterized by individual organoleptic characteristics according to the raw material used. It was found that in all pectin samples, the mass fraction of acetyl groups is from 0.18 to 0.46%, which determines the ability of pectin to exhibit gelling ability. The content of methoxyl groups of pectin from apples pomace, black currants, wood greens was found from 7.42 to 11, 24%. The studied pectin samples have an esterification degree of more than 50%. It is determined that pectin of wood green of Scots pine is characterized by the highest value of indicator of complexing ability and number of carboxyl groups, is characterized by low degree of esterification compared to fruit, berry pectins. For pectins from fruits pomace, berries, the indicator of complexing ability varies in the range from 76.42 to 70.9 mg Pb2 + / g. The data obtained make it possible to classify pectins according to their technological purpose and use them as gel former - from apples pomace, blackcurrants, pears, and as a functional ingredient - wood greens of Scots pine.
Technological assessment of the suitability of domestic raw materials for beer production as an important link in the country’s food security
Authors: Kiseleva T F , Permyakova L V , Sergeeva I Yu , Miller Yu Yu , Semiletova N G
Published: February 2021

The existing malting barley varieties differ in their quality and technological characteristics depending on the peculiarities of cultivation, soil and climatic conditions. In the work, there were four varieties of malting barley: Beatrice, Vorsinsky, Grace and Margret. They were evaluated according to the physical and chemical indicators established by regulatory documents for this grain. It has been determined that Vorsinsky variety contains protein that is a technologically important component above the normalized value. This problem is solved during germination of the grain due to active influence of proteolytic enzymes of the grain on protein. In this connection, it is necessary to create conditions intensifying a technological process of malting, provoking strengthening of biochemical transformations. On this basis, the use of organic acids complex at the stage of barley soaking is justified, which should be applied to the last retted water in the amount of 10−9 mol/dm3 and barley should be kept with it for six hours. This speeds up physiological and biochemical transformations in the grain. The effectiveness of this treatment was confirmed by an example of increase in the enzymatic activity. The possibility of obtaining barley malt on the basis of the proposed varieties with high quality characteristics in accordance with the requirements of the malt standard is shown. The expediency of regulation of the chemical composition of barley malt of Vorsinsky variety by means of an organic stimulator is shown, which allows obtaining malt with indicators not inferior to those of other studied varieties. The use of an individual approach to certain barley varieties at the malting stage will expand the raw material base of the brewing industry and provide the industry with domestic malt.
Application of electrophysical heating methods in food production processes
Authors: Perov V I , Belyaeva M A , Koroleva E I , Eremin A E , Kechkin I A
Published: February 2021

The electrophysical methods of heating (IR; IR- + Microwave, IR + convection, Microwave + IR + convection) using quartz infrared emitters, dark emitters, a magnetron for blowing hot air heater are widely used at the restaurant department. For business, a laboratory stand was developed, equipped with all instrumentation for fixing temperature, mass, humidity; changes in all parameters are reflected on a computer monitor with the appropriate software. Experimental studies were carried out on drying vegetable semi-finished products such as carrots, pumpkin. Experimental studies conducted in the laboratories of the department of restaurant business of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics showed the influence of various methods of energy supply (convection, microwave energy, infrared energy, combined methods) on the drying processes of carrots and pumpkins. The optimal drying conditions for carrots and pumpkins have been developed, ensuring maximum preservation of the organoleptic characteristics (color and smell) of the dried product with minimal energy and duration of the process, as well as nutritional and biological value.
Using Kuzbass underground waters for soft drinks production
Authors: Gora N V , Timoshchuk I V , Gorelkina A K , Utrobina T A , Ivanova L A , Proskunov I V
Published: February 2021

Providing the population with drinking water and water-based quality products is Russia’s priority task, aiming at health preservation and improvement of citizens’ living conditions. In addition to surface water, underground sources are used for drinking water supply. Manganese (II) can be found in a number of underground sources of the Russian Federation, including Kuzbass. We studied the effect of manganese present in groundwater on the ingredient (flavonoids, vitamin C) persistence of nectars and carbonated drinks (sucrose, citric acid, sodium benzoate, synthetic dyes). The studies were carried out in Kuzbass using titrimetric analysis, methods of molecular absorption spectroscopy and refractometry. We found a decrease in concentrations of all the key ingredients of non-alcoholic carbonated drinks and nectars in presence of manganese (II). Concentrations of sucrose remained unchanged. We explained the interaction of the ingredients of non-alcoholic carbonated drinks and nectars with manganese (II): the latter has a significant effect on their persistence, which reduces the quality characteristics of beverages during production and storage.
Experimental studies on the adaptation of micronizer infrared burners for biomethane
Authors: Startseva S V , Ostrikov A N , Bogomolov I S , Kopylov M V
Published: February 2021

To destroy pathogenic microflora, increase digestibility and nutritional value, cereals, which are part of compound feeds, are subjected to IR processing in a micronizer. However, in order to transfer micronizer burners from natural gas to biogas generated during anaerobic methane digestion of livestock complex waste, it was necessary not only to purify biogas from carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and other associated gases, i.e. to obtain biomethane, but also to improve the design of the module heating burners with radiating nozzles. The efficiency of the GIK-8 infrared radiation burner on purified biogas with a CO2 content of 0.2-34.0% was experimentally established, and an improved burner design for a micronizer with adaptation to its operation on biomethane was developed. The geometric dimensions and shape of the micronizer infrared burners with the adaptation of their operation on biomethane are specified. The efficiency of the GIK-8 infrared radiation burner on purified biogas with a CO2 content of 0.2-34.0% was established. The temperature of the heating surface of the GIK-8 burner in gas mixtures with a CO2 content of 18-34% is 900-950 °C, which does not differ from the nominal temperature when operating on natural gas. The possibility of ignition of the GIK-8 cold burner at 33% CO2 content in purified biogas was determined.
Study of freeze-drying process of bacterial concentrates in the apparatus using thermoelectric modules
Authors: Poymanov V V , Nazarov S A , Toroptsev V V , Ustinov N Yu , Kozyrenko E V , Krylov K V
Published: February 2021

The method of lyophilization is the only possible way to preserve starters, microbiological cultures, probiotics, enzyme preparations, hormones, vaccines, antibiotics, enzymes and other biological materials. An essential aspect of the implementation of the lyophilization method is the preservation of the biological activity of materials. In the case of bacterial concentrates, this indicator is estimated by the number of viable cells at the end of the dehydration process and subsequent storage. Freezing is the first and most important stage of lyophilisation, during which the final product structure is formed, affecting the quality of the material. Freezing rate and temperature are determined individually for each preparation in order to select conditions ensuring maximum safety of product structural integrity. The purpose of researches is a complex definition of reasonable intervals of parameters of freeze-drying of bacterial concentrates that will allow optimizing this technological process. Criteria of optimization are qualitative parameters of the product and energy consumption for freeze-drying. Also, a comparative analysis of the energy efficiency of the developed freeze-dryer and its existing analogues has been performed. Each of these substances has a specific eutectic point, which leads to a eutectic zone of concentrates. Thus, the freezing temperature of bacterial concentrates should be several degrees below the upper eutectic point, i.e. in the range of minus 39 to minus 42 °C. During the freeze-drying, the following rational parameters were established: residual pressure in the chamber 0.05-0.06 mbar, the final temperature of the material 34-35 °C, the temperature on the condenser surface minus 55 °C.
Investigation of microbial death kinetics during relativistic electron beam processing for Salmonella entrica as an example
Authors: Kondratenko V V , Iliukhina N V , Kolokolova A Yu , Trishkaneva M V , Goriacheva E D. , Kriukova E V
Published: February 2021

While processing plant raw materials, it is necessary to observe the balance of effective dose and quality for processed products. The solution to this problem may provide an adequate direction to determine the optimal processing criteria. For define the minimum processing criteria, information database is required, which makes it possible to determine the mechanisms of processing effect appearing. This base is also a key element in the construction of experimental work that allows improving the technology of applying physical methods in the food industry. The present work objective is to study the consistent patterns of pathogenic microorganisms’ inhibition depending on the electron beam energy and the accumulated dose on Salmonella entrica as an example. As the object of research the museum strain of Salmonella entrica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium ATSS 140283 cultivated on an artificial model medium was used. The results of the research showed a two-phase nature of the microorganisms’ death kinetics. This work is based on microorganisms’ death kinetics research. The models for the response of two subpopulations stable and unstable for relativistic electron beam processing have been developed. The distribution of the processing hardness with a subpopulation that is unstable to relativistic electron beam processing was established. The need to combine processing by a relativistic electron beam with other types of active exposure to achieve the maximum sterility rate for the entire population of microorganisms has been experimentally established.
Mathematical description of recuperative heat transfer in a bioreactor during the filling of an apparatus
Authors: Lavrov S V , Belozertsev A S , Barbashin A M , Nickel S A , Ryazanov A N , Dyakova N A
Published: February 2021

Despite the observed trend of a ubiquitous transition to continuously operating apparatuses, the specificity of the production technology of many microbiological products retains the advisability of using batch apparatuses. As an example, we mention the cooled bioreactors and yeast concentrate collectors used in the production of baker’s yeast. The work considers the problem of the mathematical description of unsteady recuperative heat transfer in a batch capacitive apparatus (bioreactor) with a product distributor on a heat transfer surface during countercurrent movement of coolants with a filling level of the apparatus changing during the process. The problem is formulated by partial differential equations (in coordinate and time) with a moving boundary between sections with different heat transfer conditions. When formulating the problem, simplifying assumptions and boundary conditions were adopted. The mathematical problem posed is solved using the Laplace transforms. The mathematical description of recuperative heat transfer in bioreactors during the filling of the apparatus showed that with countercurrent movement of heat transfer liquids and coolants, the apparatus has an advantage in terms of the main indicator - heat transfer capacity and has a higher energy efficiency. The performed calculations make it possible to choose the apparatus design correctly and determine the rational thermal regime of its operation regarding related technological operations.
Anodic alumina sensor for water activity monitoring in food materials
Authors: Agafonov G V , Titov S A , Saiko D S , Rudnev E V , Saranov I A
Published: February 2021

Water activity is a parameter that characterizes the hydration state of a particular substance and the extent of water binding therein. Many food system technology aspects are related to food system hydration, hence water activity (Aw) measurements can become widely used in technological application. However, widespread implementation of water activity monitoring is hampered by the lack of available measuring instruments. This article provides the examples of potential water activity use in food industry and proposes a method of water activity measurement with a piezoquartz sensor coated with a porous alumina layer.
Thermodynamic Evaluation of the Intermediate Liquid Compounds (ILC) from Biomass Fast Pyrolysis
Authors: Xiao Guiyu , Carrier Marion , Letourneau Jean-Jacques , Zhang Yani , Wang Yi
Published: February 2021

Biomass fast pyrolysis process is a technology that converts renewable solids into a dense liquid. This study aims to apprehend the thermodynamic behaviour of the Intermediate Liquid Compounds (ILCs) observed during the biomass fast pyrolysis. The system studied was a closed system (20 mL) with air and a mixture solution of five components (Acetic acid (AA), hydroxyacetone (HX), phenol; furfural (FF) and methanol) at 90°C and under atmospheric pressure. The flash calculation was conducted at a given temperature and pressure. The vapor-liquid equilibrium compositions were determined combining equation of state and activity coefficient models, the Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) equation of state coupled with Modified Huron-Vidal (MHV2) mixing rules incorporating the UNIversal Functionnal Activity Coefficient (UNIFAC) model. Theoretical calculations of vapor-liquid equilibrium compositions were experimentally validated by using a Head-Space GC-MS system. A quantitative agreement between simulated and measured concentrations in the liquid phase was achieved with this combined state-predictive model of SRK-MHV2-UNIFAC model; thus, confirming that it accounts well for the nonidealities.
Research and Application of Online Monitoring and Early Warning System for Converter Transformer
Authors: Zhou Chunyang , Liu Yingnan , Li Yajin , Zhang Guoxin
Published: February 2021

In order to make up for the deficiency of the current monitoring methods for converter transformer and its accessories, an intelligent monitoring system for the operation parameters and environment of the converter transformer is designed based on the monitoring of the converter transformer. The current monitoring means are expanded and the key operation parameters and operation environment monitoring information of the converter transformer are further integrated. Statistical analysis method and DBN neural network are used to analyze the running state of the converter and realize the condition monitoring and evaluation of the converter and its accessories. The operating status of equipment is effectively perceived and analysis and decision-making basis for carrying out condition maintenance are provided.
Calculation of Grid Investment Quota Based on Electrical Transmission and Distribution tariff
Authors: Yin Bingbing , Xia Xu
Published: February 2021

Electrical transmission and distribution tariff reform is an important part of the new round of electric power system reform. Under the supervision of transmission and distribution tariff, the optimization of investment scale will be the focus of power grid companies’ future work. The lack of investment capacity of power grid means that the grid can’t meet the load growth and the requirement for the quality of power supply, and the investment surplus is that the investment scale of grid is much ahead of the load growth and power quality demand of users, which will lead the electrical transmission and distribution tariff soar in the next supervision cycle, causing the investment contraction of power grid. Therefore, the power grid companies must determine the reasonable investment scale based on the transmission and distribution tariff.
Research on Thermal Insulation Measures of Power Equipment Condition Monitoring Device in Cold Regions
Authors: Wang Yue , Zhang Peng , Liang Jianquan , Li Lin , Sun Wei , Zhang Jian
Published: February 2021

Outdoor winter temperatures in other northern regions such as Heilongjiang Province are relatively low. As an important equipment of ensuring the safety of transmission lines, the stability of the condition monitoring devices is facing great challenges. In order to ensure that the condition monitoring device can operate reliably in winter, so as to avoid the influence of low temperature in winter on the reliability of the condition monitoring device, in this paper a device is designed that uses solar heat for heat preservation for power equipment condition monitoring device. The device uses an all-glass vacuum solar collector tube to convert solar energy into heat, and realizes instant feedback and control of temperature through a bimetallic temperature sensor. After testing, in winter, the internal temperature of the heat insulation box can be increased by about 30°C compared with the outside, which can effectively improve the winter operating environment of the device.
Study on Peaking Performance of 330MW Unit under Pure Condensing Condition and Extraction Condition
Authors: Zhang Xuhui , Xin Gang , Zhao Zhonghua , Cui Fuxing , Dong Xinguang , Zhao Qingchuan , Liu Ke , Wang Haichao , Liu Jinglong
Published: February 2021

In this paper, the peaking capacity test is carried out for the 330MW unit to compare the peak shaving performance of the unit under the extraction state. The test content is divided into three parts, respectively (a) operating at minimum output under pure condensing condition, (b) minimum load with maximum steam extraction condition and (c) maximum steam extraction with minimum electric load condition. It can be seen from the test results that the minimum electrical load of the unit under 3 conditions is 128.4 MW, 128.6 MW, and 124.8 MW, respectively. Under the test conditions of industrial steam extraction at about 40t/h, the peak shaving performance of the unit has almost no change, compared with the pure condensing condition.
A New Type of Enhanced Heat Transfer Technology for Mobile Heat Storage Medium
Authors: Xu Ke
Published: February 2021

Mobile heat storage technology is to alleviate the energy supply and demand both sides on the time, intensity and location does not match the effective way, is the rational utilization of energy and the effective ways to reduce environmental pollution, but the current mobile heat storage technology is not used widely in domestic, the main factor of restricting its development is exothermic filling time is too long, cause heat loss and power consumption is too large. After analyzing the heat transfer module of the mobile heat storage system and searching a lot of literature, it is found that Hydrogen fluoride ether (HFE) has excellent heat transfer characteristics. Through the principle exploration and experimental verification, the following conclusions are finally drawn: Adding HFE7000 with a concentration of 1.2% into the heat exchange module can improve the heat exchange effect by about 58%, which has good energy-saving and emission reduction.
Failure case study on porous block impregnated graphite heat exchanger
Authors: Dong Liang , Chen Yi , Tong Zhuanggen , Liu Chongyang , Yang Zhenguo
Published: February 2021

Phenolic impregnated graphite is a new kind of material with higher corrosion resistance and thermal conductivity. In the chemical industry, it is often used to make containers and pipes containing strong acid and alkali medium. In this paper, a failure case of graphite heat exchanger in a chemical enterprise in Shanghai was studied. The failure reason of the graphite block was tested by means of three-dimensional observation, thermogravimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the particle fineness of graphite block and the operating conditions of the graphite heat exchanger are the main reasons for the failure of the graphite heat exchanger. At last, some suggestions are put forward for the safe use of this kind of graphite heat exchanger.
Investigation of loading speed influence on fatigue wear of - polymer materials
Authors: Bataev D C S , Goytemirov R U , Gaziyev M A , Dzhamaldinova M A
Published: February 2021

Antifriction and friction materials used in many construction structures, devices and road construction machines simultaneously undergo dynamic and impact loads. The article considers the influence of dynamic and impact loads on the friction and wear of polymer composite materials. The materials of the maslyanit group are established to have high resistance to frictional and bulk fatigue and are capable of long-term operation without failure under cyclic dynamic and impact nature of loading. Test results show that pure kapron, despite its homogeneous structure and greater elasticity than maslyanits, is more prone to bulk fatigue failure under the cyclic impact. This fact is fundamental for confirming the mechanism of fatigue crack blocking by solid particles of the filler. Researches confirm that introduction of the solid particles capable of additional relaxation of stresses in a crack tip zone reduces the speed of distribution of the fatigue crack defined by the speed of polymer loading. The conducted research also confirms high tribotechnical properties of the composite material Maslyanit KSC which has increased hardness of surface layers and high impact viscosity of deep layers as a result of surface “cementation”.
Selection of tools and cutting modes for turning small-sized high-precision parts of micro-wave electronics from beryllium bronze
Authors: Karlina Yu I , Kargapoltsev S K , Gozbenko V E , Karlina A I , Leonovich D S
Published: February 2021

Beryllium bronze has the property of plasticity after heat treatment, which is a decisive factor when choosing the material of conductors in unpressurized coaxial connectors. The presence of burrs on these parts according to technical requirements is not allowed. When turning details of beryllium bronze, difficult to remove burrs appear. The aim of the study is to select a tool and cutting modes for turning small-sized high-precision parts of microwave electronics from beryllium bronze, in which there are no burrs or their size and quantity are minimal. In this study, empirical methods are used in the form of experimental selection of cutting modes and tools for the purpose of combating burrs, and analytical methods in the form of analysis of the character of burrs using the provisions of the theory of metal cutting, analysis of factors affecting the formation of burrs during machining surface parts. On CNC lathes CITIZEN CINCOM studied typical of this type of production tools ten leading manufacturers of precision cutting tools for turning. As a result of the study, it was not possible to completely exclude the appearance of burrs during machining. The smallest size and the number of burrs were obtained when machining with carbide tools manufactured by Swiss companies Fraisa, Utilis, IFANGER, Applitec. TiAlN coating is well suited for beryllium bronze treatment. When turning with a new tool at low speeds, the number of burrs decreases, their character changes, they become small drop-shaped. The processing modes recommended by the tool manufacturer differ from those selected experimentally. For further use of the selection results, it is necessary to create a database of regulatory and reference information on the types of processing for specific materials, tools, machine tools according to the accuracy criteria, taking into account the minimization of the number and size of burrs.
Optimization of the gas collection and treatment system of the Beregovoye gas condensate field
Authors: Karimova A A , Almukhametova E M , Fakhrutdinov F F
Published: February 2021

At present, the experience of exploitation of various fields shows that a lot of associated water and gas is extracted during the oil production process. A liquid is extracted from wells, which is a complex mixture of various hydrocarbons in various aggregate states, various impurities and water. The water extracted from the reservoir negatively affects the equipment, causing its abrasion. At the same time, the period of major repairs is being shortened. The object of the current research is a gas condensate field. The purpose of this work is to increase the efficiency of the gas dehydration process by improving mass-transfer, as well as to analyze the gas collection and treatment system. At the same time, the analysis of the arrangement of technological schemes of equipment for gas treatment and absorption is carried out.
Process modeling of gas displacement of oil on the example of oil fields in Bashkortostan
Authors: Efimov E R , Chizhov A P , Mukhametshin V Sh , Chibisov A V , Andreev V E
Published: February 2021

The article presents the results of the process modeling of gas displacement of oil. The proposed model takes into account the features of the state and changes in the physical and chemical state of formation systems on exposure to formation fluids with various gases-carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons. Numerical experiments made it possible to predict changes in technological parameters of impact objects and determine the incremental value in the oil recovery factor for Devonian fields of several oil-fields in Bashkortostan.
Two-stage stimulation of the oil formation
Authors: Vorsina N A , Izmaylova G R
Published: February 2021

The article considers a two-stage exposure to the formation. At the 1st stage, the combined exposure of high-frequency (HF) electromagnetic (EM) and sonic fields on the oil formation are performed without simultaneous formation fluid withdrawal. At the 2nd stage, the HF EM field is affected on the formation and at the same time, a low-viscosity solvent is injected into it. At the 1st stage, the bottom-hole zone is strongly warmed up due to the total thermal effect of the fields and an increase in the effective thermal conductivity of the medium due to acoustic treatment on the formation. At the 2nd stage, the solvent injected into a formation withdraws heat from the bottom-hole formation zone (BHFZ) further into the field. The dependence of the oil displacement front by the solvent on the dispersion parameter of the porous medium is considered.
The choice of technologies for restoring the properties of the bottomhole zone of wells in deposits with low-viscosity oils
Authors: Yakupov R F , Mingulov Sh G , Mingulov I Sh
Published: February 2021

Based on the analysis of many years of experience in the operation of the Tuymazinskaya group of oil fields, it has been established that one of the most effective methods for restoring the injectivity of injection wells is chemical treatment of the bottomhole zone of wells with various acid compositions in conjunction with well reperforation and the use of coiled tubing technologies.
Influence of oscillatory phenomena in vertical well on volume of outflow from production string
Authors: Zaripova L M , Gabdrakhimov M S
Published: February 2021

During well operation, there is a leaky cement ring, which is due to various reasons, the main of which are the technology of casing production strings and the used grouting materials that do not regard the actual geological and technical conditions of wells. Thus, the most important task is to ensure high-quality annulus insulation during well cementing. Theoretical studies which can be used to calculate the volume of fluid outflowing from a cemented and uncemented casing regarding the pressure distribution in a vertical well on conditions that data on the characteristics of the casing and working fluid is known are an urgent issue.
Rapid cleanroom-free fabrication of thread based transistors using three-dimensional stencil-based patterning
Authors: Kumar Tanuj , Owyeung Rachel E , Sonkusale Sameer R
Published: February 2021

Applications such as wearable electronics and flexible displays have led to considerable advancement in flexible electronic materials. Textile threads have recently emerged as a flexible substrate with unique properties like biocompatibility, three-dimensional (3D) interfacing, and processability. However, fabrication of transistors and integrated circuits on threads remains a challenge. We address this need with a low-cost, high-throughput and cleanroom-free fabrication method for ionogel-gated organic thread-based transistors. It makes use of a 3D flexible ‘stencil’ to fabricate the active channel area gap. Similar to stencils used in screen printing on two-dimensional substrates, the stencil provides a 3D mask for spatially targeted printing on thread-based substrates. Carbon ink is coated using this 3D stencil on the thread to act as source and drain electrodes, along with poly(3-hexylthiophene), a proven organic semiconductor as a proof of concept. We achieve consistent simultaneous batch fabrication of over tens of transistors with a threshold voltage of − (1.48 ± 0.11) V, an operating region of 0 to −3 V, and an ON/OFF ratio of the order of 102.
Thermal coefficients of Earth fuller reinforced with nano-oxide particles
Authors: Sharma Gyan Prakash , Bansal Arti , Singh Ramvir
Published: February 2021

The present work deals with the study of thermal coefficients of Earth fuller based nanocomposites (EFBNC) with the change in the mass fraction of nano-oxide particles (Al2O3, TiO2) in EF at different temperatures. Thermal Constants Analyser (TPS 2200) has been used to measure thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and specific heat capacity simultaneously of the prepared EFBNC at varying temperatures ranging from 10 °C to 60 °C in steps of 10 at 2 wt%, 4 wt%, 6 wt%, and 8 wt%. Percentage increment in thermal conductivity of EFBNC with TiO2 was observed approximately 16% and 13% at 30 °C and 60 °C with the increase in the mass fraction of nanoparticles from 2 wt% to 8 wt%. On the other hand, at the same temperature and concentration, a decrement in thermal conductivity of EFBNC with Al2O3 was noticed approximately 8% and 3%. The decrement in thermal diffusivity of EFBNC with TiO2 was found approximately 23% at 30 °C and 11% at 60 °C when concentration increases from 2 wt% to 8 wt% and with Al2O3 was approximately 11% and 13% respectively at the same temperature and concentration. Percentage increment in the specific heat of EFBNC with TiO2 and Al2O3 was observed approximately 38% and 9% at 30 °C and 26% and 17% at 60 °C with increment in the mass fraction of nanoparticles from 2 wt% to 8 wt% in EF.
Predictability, topological entropy, and invariant random orders
Authors: Alpeev Andrei , Meyerovitch Tom , Ryu Sieye
Published: February 2021

We prove that a topologically predictable action of a countable amenable group has zero topological entropy, as conjectured by Hochman. We investigate invariant random orders and formulate a unified Kieffer-Pinsker formula for the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy of measure preserving actions of amenable groups. We also present a proof due to Weiss for the fact that topologically prime actions of sofic groups have non-positive topological sofic entropy.
Multi-omics approaches for revealing the complexity of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Doran Stephen , Arif Muhammad , Lam Simon , Bayraktar Abdulahad , Turkez Hasan , Uhlen Mathias , Boren Jan , Mardinoglu Adil
Published: February 2021

The development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD) can mainly be attributed to the narrowing of blood vessels caused by atherosclerosis and thrombosis, which induces organ damage that will result in end-organ dysfunction characterized by events such as myocardial infarction or stroke. It is also essential to consider other contributory factors to CVD, including cardiac remodelling caused by cardiomyopathies and co-morbidities with other diseases such as chronic kidney disease. Besides, there is a growing amount of evidence linking the gut microbiota to CVD through several metabolic pathways. Hence, it is of utmost importance to decipher the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with these disease states to elucidate the development and progression of CVD. A wide array of systems biology approaches incorporating multi-omics data have emerged as an invaluable tool in establishing alterations in specific cell types and identifying modifications in signalling events that promote disease development. Here, we review recent studies that apply multi-omics approaches to further understand the underlying causes of CVD and provide possible treatment strategies by identifying novel drug targets and biomarkers. We also discuss very recent advances in gut microbiota research with an emphasis on how diet and microbial composition can impact the development of CVD. Finally, we present various biological network analyses and other independent studies that have been employed for providing mechanistic explanation and developing treatment strategies for end-stage CVD, namely myocardial infarction and stroke.
On the limits of active module identification
Authors: Lazareva Olga , Baumbach Jan , List Markus , Blumenthal David B
Published: February 2021

In network and systems medicine, active module identification methods (AMIMs) are widely used for discovering candidate molecular disease mechanisms. To this end, AMIMs combine network analysis algorithms with molecular profiling data, most commonly, by projecting gene expression data onto generic protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks. Although active module identification has led to various novel insights into complex diseases, there is increasing awareness in the field that the combination of gene expression data and PPI network is problematic because up-to-date PPI networks have a very small diameter and are subject to both technical and literature bias. In this paper, we report the results of an extensive study where we analyzed for the first time whether widely used AMIMs really benefit from using PPI networks. Our results clearly show that, except for the recently proposed AMIM DOMINO, the tested AMIMs do not produce biologically more meaningful candidate disease modules on widely used PPI networks than on random networks with the same node degrees. AMIMs hence mainly learn from the node degrees and mostly fail to exploit the biological knowledge encoded in the edges of the PPI networks. This has far-reaching consequences for the field of active module identification. In particular, we suggest that novel algorithms are needed which overcome the degree bias of most existing AMIMs and/or work with customized, context-specific networks instead of generic PPI networks.
Spatiotemporal dynamics between interictal epileptiform discharges and ripples during associative memory processing
Authors: Henin Simon , Shankar Anita , Borges Helen , Flinker Adeen , Doyle Werner , Friedman Daniel , Devinsky Orrin , Buzsáki György , Liu Anli
Published: February 2021

We describe the spatiotemporal course of cortical high-gamma activity, hippocampal ripple activity and interictal epileptiform discharges during an associative memory task in 15 epilepsy patients undergoing invasive EEG. Successful encoding trials manifested significantly greater high-gamma activity in hippocampus and frontal regions. Successful cued recall trials manifested sustained high-gamma activity in hippocampus compared to failed responses. Hippocampal ripple rates were greater during successful encoding and retrieval trials. Interictal epileptiform discharges during encoding were associated with 15% decreased odds of remembering in hippocampus (95% confidence interval 6–23%). Hippocampal interictal epileptiform discharges during retrieval predicted 25% decreased odds of remembering (15–33%). Odds of remembering were reduced by 25–52% if interictal epileptiform discharges occurred during the 500–2000 ms window of encoding or by 41% during retrieval. During encoding and retrieval, hippocampal interictal epileptiform discharges were followed by a transient decrease in ripple rate. We hypothesize that interictal epileptiform discharges impair associative memory in a regionally and temporally specific manner by decreasing physiological hippocampal ripples necessary for effective encoding and recall. Because dynamic memory impairment arises from pathological interictal epileptiform discharge events competing with physiological ripples, interictal epileptiform discharges represent a promising therapeutic target for memory remediation in patients with epilepsy.
Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis practice and its association with outcomes in Australia and New Zealand burns patients
Authors: Tracy Lincoln M , Cameron Peter A , Singer Yvonne , Earnest Arul , Wood Fiona , Cleland Heather , Gabbe Belinda J
Published: February 2021

Background

Patients with burn injuries are considered to have an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). While untreated VTEs can be fatal, no studies have examined chemoprophylaxis effectiveness. This study aimed to quantify the variation in prevalence of VTE prophylaxis use in patients in Australian and New Zealand burns units and whether prophylaxis use is associated with in-hospital outcomes following burn injury.

Methods

Admission data for adult burns patients (aged ≥16 years) admitted between 1 July 2016 and 31 December 2018 were extracted from the Burns Registry of Australia and New Zealand. Mixed effects logistic regression modelling investigated whether VTE prophylaxis use was associated with the primary outcome of in-hospital mortality.

Results

There were 5066 admissions over the study period. Of these patients, 81% (n = 3799) with a valid response to the VTE prophylaxis data field received some form of VTE prophylaxis. Use of VTE prophylaxis ranged from 48.6% to 94.8% of patients between units. In-hospital death was recorded in <1% of patients (n = 33). After adjusting for confounders, receiving VTE prophylaxis was associated with a decrease in the adjusted odds of in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio = 0.21; 95% CI, 0.07–0.63; p = 0.006).

Conclusions

Variation in the use of VTE prophylaxis was observed between the units, and prophylaxis use was associated with a decrease in the odds of mortality. These findings provide an opportunity to engage with units to further explore differences in prophylaxis use and develop future best practice guidelines.