bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasmall Sn Nanoparticles Embedded in Carbon as High‐Performance Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Yongchang , Zhang Ning , Jiao Lifang , Tao Zhanliang , Chen Jun
Published: October 2014

Designed as a high‐capacity, high‐rate, and long‐cycle life anode for sodium‐ion batteries, ultrasmall Sn nanoparticles (≈8 nm) homogeneously embedded in spherical carbon network (denoted as 8‐Sn@C) is prepared using an aerosol spray pyrolysis method. Instrumental analyses show that 8‐Sn@C nanocomposite with 46 wt% Sn and a BET surface area of 150.43 m2 g−1 delivers an initial reversible capacity of ≈493.6 mA h g−1 at the current density of 200 mA g−1, a high‐rate capacity of 349 mA h g−1 even at 4000 mA g−1, and a stable capacity of ≈415 mA h g−1 after 500 cycles at 1000 mA g−1. The remarkable electrochemical performance of 8‐Sn@C is owing to the synergetic effects between the well‐dispersed ultrasmall Sn nanoparticles and the conductive carbon network. This unique structure of very‐fine Sn nanoparticles embedded in the porous carbon network can effectively suppress the volume fluctuation and particle aggregation of tin during prolonged sodiation/desodiation process, thus solving the major problems of pulverization, loss of electrical contact and low utilization rate facing Sn anode.
A Bayesian framework for real‐time identification of locally weighted partial least squares
Authors: Ma Ming , Khatibisepehr Shima , Huang Biao
Published: October 2014

Just‐in‐time (JIT) learning methods are widely used in dealing with nonlinear and multimode behavior of industrial processes. The locally weighted partial least squares (LW‐PLS) method is among the most commonly used JIT methods. The performance of LW‐PLS model depends on parameters of the similarity function as well as the structure and parameters of the local PLS model. However, the regular LW‐PLS algorithm assumes that the parameters of the similarity function and structure of the local PLS model are known and do not fully utilize available knowledge to estimate the model parameters. A Bayesian framework is proposed to provide a systematic way for real‐time parameterization of the similarity function, selection of the local PLS model structure, and estimation of the corresponding model parameters. By applying the Bayes' theorem, the proposed framework incorporates the prior knowledge into the identification process and takes into account the different contribution of measurement noises. Furthermore, Bayesian model structure selection can automatically deal with the model complexity problem to avoid the overfitting issue. The advantages of this new approach are highlighted through two case studies based on the real‐world near infrared data. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 518–529, 2015
An anadysplasia‐like, spontaneously remitting spondylometaphyseal dysplasia secondary to lamin B receptor (LBR) gene mutations: Further definition of the phenotypic heterogeneity of LBR‐bone dysplasias
Authors: Sobreira Nara , Modaff Peggy , Steel Gary , You Jing , Nanda Sonia , Hoover‐Fong Julie , Valle David , Pauli Richard M.
Published: October 2014

We describe a boy who has an anadysplasia‐like spondylometaphyseal dysplasia. By whole exome sequencing he was shown to have compound heterozygous mutations of LBR that codes for the lamin B receptor. He shares many similarities with a case previously described, but in whom the early natural history could not be established [Borovik et al., 2013]. Thus, in addition to Greenberg dysplasia (a perinatal lethal disorder), homozygosity or compound heterozygosity of mutations in LBR can result in a mild, spontaneously regressing bone dysplasia. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pursuit and achievement of leadership: A view from the top
Authors: Schor Nina F.
Published: October 2014

There is no single formula for successful leadership or unique phenotype for successful leaders. There are, however, unifying principles and approaches that enhance the likelihood of success and fulfillment in leadership roles. Here we discuss the requirements for leadership positions in neurology and those personal qualities, management styles, priorities, and philosophical approaches that are likely to make individuals successful in such positions that serve to inform, mentor, and encourage the next generation of leaders in neurology. Ann Neurol 2014;76:784–788
Finde den Unterschied: synthetische und natürliche Nanopartikel in der Umwelt – Freisetzung, Verhalten und Verbleib
Authors: Wagner Stephan , Gondikas Andreas , Neubauer Elisabeth , Hofmann Thilo , von der Kammer Frank
Published: October 2014

Die Produktion und Verwendung von Nanopartikeln haben zur Folge, dass synthetische Nanopartikel in die Umwelt freigesetzt werden, wo sie vielfältige Reaktionen und Wechselwirkungen eingehen können. Für natürlich vorkommende Nanopartikel (1–100 nm) und Kolloide (1–1000 nm) werden solche Reaktionen und das daraus resultierende Verhalten und der Verbleib in der Umwelt seit langem untersucht. Die aus diesen Untersuchungen gewonnenen Erkenntnisse reichen jedoch für die Erstellung genauer Modelle über das Verhalten und den Verbleib synthetischer Nanopartikel in der Umwelt längst nicht aus, bilden aber einen guten Ausgangspunkt für eine Risikobewertung dieser neuen Materialien. Das Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist der kritische Vergleich zwischen den Prozessen natürlicher und synthetischer Systeme. Auf diese Weise sollen die “nanospezifischen” Eigenschaften der synthetischen Partikel sowie maßgebliche Wissenslücken für eine Risikobewertung von künstlich hergestellten Nanomaterialien in der Umwelt identifiziert werden.
Bioorthogonal Cleavage and Exchange of Major Histocompatibility Complex Ligands by Employing Azobenzene‐Containing Peptides
Authors: Choo Joanna A. L. , Thong Sock Yue , Yap Jiawei , van Esch Wim J. E. , Raida Manfred , Meijers Rob , Lescar Julien , Verhelst Steven H. L. , Grotenbreg Gijsbert M.
Published: October 2014

Bioorthogonal cleavable linkers are attractive building blocks for compounds that can be manipulated to study biological and cellular processes. Sodium dithionite sensitive azobenzene‐containing (Abc) peptides were applied for the temporary stabilization of recombinant MHC complexes, which can then be employed to generate libraries of MHC tetramers after exchange with a novel epitope. This technology represents an important tool for high‐throughput studies of disease‐specific T cell responses.
Water Oxidation Catalyzed by a Dinuclear Cobalt–Polypyridine Complex
Authors: Wang Hong‐Yan , Mijangos Edgar , Ott Sascha , Thapper Anders
Published: October 2014

The dinuclear Co complex [(TPA)Co(μ‐OH)(μ‐O2)Co(TPA)](ClO4)3 (1, TPA=tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine) catalyzes the oxidation of water. In the presence of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ and S2O82−, photoinduced oxygen evolution can be observed with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 1.4±0.1 mol(O2) mol(1)−1 s−1 and a maximal turnover number (TON) of 58±5 mol(O2) mol(1)−1. The complex is shown to act as a molecular and homogeneous catalyst and a mechanism is proposed based on the combination of EPR data and light‐driven O2 evolution kinetics.
A Small‐Molecule FRET Reporter for the Real‐Time Visualization of Cell‐Surface Proteolytic Enzyme Functions
Authors: Mu Jing , Liu Fang , Rajab Muhammad Shafiq , Shi Meng , Li Shuang , Goh Chiching , Lu Lei , Xu Qing‐Hua , Liu Bin , Ng Lai Guan , Xing Bengang
Published: October 2014

Real‐time imaging of cell‐surface‐associated proteolytic enzymes is critical to better understand their performances in both physiological and pathological processes. However, most current approaches are limited by their complexity and poor membrane‐anchoring properties. Herein, we have designed and synthesized a unique small‐molecule fluorescent probe, which combines the principles of passive exogenous membrane insertion and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to image cell‐surface‐localized furin‐like convertase activities. The membrane‐associated furin‐like enzymatic cleavage of the peptide probe leads to an increased fluorescence intensity which was mainly localized on the plasma membrane of the furin‐expressed cells. This small‐molecule fluorescent probe may serve as a unique and reliable reporter for real‐time visualization of endogenous cell‐surfaceassociated proteolytic furin‐like enzyme functions in live cells and tissues using one‐photon and two‐photon microscopy.
Asymmetrische Disulfonimid‐katalysierte Synthese von δ‐Amino‐β‐ketoestern durch vinyloge Mukaiyama‐Mannich‐Reaktionen
Authors: Wang Qinggang , van Gemmeren Manuel , List Benjamin
Published: October 2014

Eine organokatalytische asymmetrische Synthese von δ‐Amino‐β‐ketoestern wurde entwickelt. Ein chirales Disulfonimid (DSI) dient als hocheffizienter Präkatalysator einer vinylogen Mukaiyama‐Mannich‐Reaktion von leicht zugänglichen, Dioxinon‐abgeleiteten Silyloxydienen mit N‐Boc‐geschützten Iminen, die die Produkte in ausgezeichneten Ausbeuten und Enantioselektivitäten liefert. Der präparative Nutzen dieser Reaktion wird durch verschiedenste Umwandlungen illustriert, darunter eine neuartige C‐C‐Bindungsknüpfung, die wertvolle enantiomerenangereicherte Bausteine liefern. Die Methode wird in der formalen Synthese von (−)‐Lasubin angewendet.
An Upconversion Nanoparticle with Orthogonal Emissions Using Dual NIR Excitations for Controlled Two‐Way Photoswitching
Authors: Lai Jinping , Zhang Yixiao , Pasquale Nicholas , Lee Ki‐Bum
Published: October 2014

Developing multicolor upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with the capability of regulating their emission wavelengths in the UV to visible range in response to external stimuli can offer more dynamic platforms for applications in high‐resolution bioimaging, multicolor barcoding, and driving multiple important photochemical reactions, such as photoswitching. Here, we have rationally designed single‐crystal core–shell‐structured UCNPs which are capable of orthogonal UV and visible emissions in response to two distinct NIR excitations at 808 and 980 nm. The orthogonal excitation–emission properties of such UCNPs, as well as their ability to utilize low‐power excitation, which attenuates any local heating from the lasers, endows the UCNPs with great potential for applications in materials and biological settings. As a proof of concept, the use of this UCNP for the efficient regulation of the two‐way photoswitching of spiropyran by using dual wavelengths of NIR irradiation has been demonstrated.
Ein Nanowechselschalter zur Kontrolle zweier katalytischer Prozesse
Authors: De Soumen , Pramanik Susnata , Schmittel Michael
Published: October 2014

Das reversible Umschalten zwischen zwei Zuständen des dreieckigen Nanoschalters [Cu(1)]+ wurde durch wechselweise Zugabe von 2‐Ferrocenyl‐1,10‐phenanthrolin (2) und Kupfer(I)‐Ionen veranlasst. Die zwei Schaltzustände regulieren die Bindung und Freisetzung zweier unterschiedlicher Katalysatoren, Piperidin und [Cu(2)]+, in vollständig interferenzfreier Weise und ermöglichen das abwechselnde Ein/Aus‐Schalten von zwei orthogonalen Katalyseprozessen. Im Schaltzustand I wird Piperidin vom Nanoschalter freigesetzt und katalysiert eine Knoevenagel‐Addition zwischen 4‐Nitrobenzaldehyd und Diethylmalonsäureester (AN‐1 und AUS‐2), während im Schaltzustand II das freigesetzte [Cu(2)]+ eine Klick‐Reaktion zwischen 4‐Nitrophenylacetylen und Benzylazid (AUS‐1 und AN‐2) katalysiert. Nach Zugabe eines Äquivalents von 2 zum (AUS‐1 und AN‐2)‐Zustand werden beide katalytisch aktiven Prozesse stillgelegt (AUS‐1 und AUS‐2).
Oxidative Enantioselective α‐Fluorination of Aliphatic Aldehydes Enabled by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis
Authors: Li Fangyi , Wu Zijun , Wang Jian
Published: October 2014

Described is the first study on oxidative enantioselective α‐fluorination of simple aliphatic aldehydes enabled by N‐heterocyclic carbene catalysis. N‐fluorobis(phenyl)sulfonimide serves as a an oxidant and as an “F” source. The CF bond formation occurs directly at the α position of simple aliphatic aldehydes, thus overcoming nontrivial challenges, such as competitive difluorination and nonfluorination, and proceeds with high to excellent enantioselectivities.
A Doubly Alkynylpyrene‐Threaded [4]Rotaxane That Exhibits Strong Circularly Polarized Luminescence from the Spatially Restricted Excimer
Authors: Inouye Masahiko , Hayashi Koichiro , Yonenaga Yuki , Itou Tatsuya , Fujimoto Kazuhisa , Uchida Taka‐aki , Iwamura Munetaka , Nozaki Koichi
Published: October 2014

The Sonogashira coupling of γ‐CD‐encapsulated alkynylpyrenes with terphenyl‐type stopper molecules gave a doubly alkynylpyrene‐threaded [4]rotaxane. The rotaxane showed only excimer emission, with a high fluorescence quantum yield of Φf=0.37, arising from the spatially restricted excimer within the cavity of the γ‐CD. The excimer emission suffered little from self‐quenching up to a concentration of 1.5×10−5 M and was circularly polarized with a high glum value of −1.5×10−2. The strong circularly polarized luminescence may result from the two stacked pyrenes existing in the rotaxane in an asymmetrically twisted manner.
A Toggle Nanoswitch Alternately Controlling Two Catalytic Reactions
Authors: De Soumen , Pramanik Susnata , Schmittel Michael
Published: October 2014

Reversible switching between two states of the triangular nanoswitch [Cu(1)]+ was accomplished by alternate addition of 2‐ferrocenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline (2) and copper(I) ions. The two switching states regulate the binding and release of two distinct catalysts, piperidine and [Cu(2)]+, in a fully interference‐free manner and allow alternating on/off switching of two orthogonal catalytic processes. In switching state I, piperidine is released from the nanoswitch and catalyzes a Knoevenagel addition between 4‐nitrobenzaldehyde and diethyl malonate (ON‐1 and OFF‐2), while in state II the released [Cu(2)]+ catalyzes a click reaction between 4‐nitrophenylacetylene and benzylazide (OFF‐1 and ON‐2). Upon addition of one equivalent of 2 to the (OFF‐1 and ON‐2)‐state, both catalytically active processes are shut down (OFF‐1 and OFF‐2).
Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Polycyclic Quinoxaline Derivatives Using Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: He Zhi , Bae Minwoo , Wu Jie , Jamison Timothy F.
Published: October 2014

A mild and facile method for preparing highly functionalized pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxalines and other nitrogen‐rich heterocycles, each containing a quinoxaline core or an analogue thereof, has been developed. The novel method features a visible‐light‐induced decarboxylative radical coupling of ortho‐substituted arylisocyanides and radicals generated from phenyliodine(III) dicarboxylate reagents and exhibits excellent functional group compatibility. A wide range of quinoxaline heterocycles have been prepared. Finally, a telescoped preparation of these polycyclic compounds by integration of the in‐line isocyanide formation and photochemical cyclization has been established in a three‐step continuous‐flow system.
Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of Tertiary α‐Hydroxy Phosphonic Acid Derivatives with In Situ Generated Nitrosocarbonyl Compounds as the Oxygen Source
Authors: Maji Biplab , Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: October 2014

α‐Hydroxy phosphonic acids and their derivatives are highly bioactive structural motifs. It is now reported that these compounds can be accessed through the copper‐catalyzed direct α‐oxidation of β‐ketophosphonates using in situ generated nitrosocarbonyl compounds as an electrophilic oxygen source. These reactions proceeded in high yields (up to 95 %) and enantioselectivities (up to >99 % ee) for both cyclic as well as acyclic substrates. This method was also applied for the synthesis of α,β‐dihydroxy phosphonates and β‐amino‐α‐hydroxy phosphonates.
Short and Efficient Syntheses of Protoberberine Alkaloids using Palladium‐Catalyzed Enolate Arylation
Authors: Gatland Alice E. , Pilgrim Ben S. , Procopiou Panayiotis A. , Donohoe Timothy J.
Published: October 2014

A concise synthesis of the biologically active alkaloid berberine is reported, and a versatile palladium‐catalyzed enolate arylation is used to form the isoquinoline core. The overall yield of 50 % is a large improvement over the single, previous synthesis. By design, this modular route allows the rapid synthesis of other members of the protoberberine family (e.g., pseudocoptisine and palmatine) by substitution of the readily available aryl bromide and ketone coupling partners. Moreover, by combining enolate arylation with in situ functionalization, substituents can be rapidly and regioselectively introduced at the alkaloid C13 position, as demonstrated by the total synthesis of dehydrocorydaline. The avoidance of electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions to make the isoquinoline allows direct access to analogues possessing more varied electronic properties, such as the fluorine‐containing derivative synthesized here.
Preparation of O‐hydroxypropyl‐N‐butyl chitosan under microwave irradiation
Authors: Liang Xiangyu , Wen Junjie , Wen Caihong , Wang Bo , Chen Jianyu , Zhou Li
Published: October 2014

O‐Hydroxypropyl‐N‐butyl chitosan (C4‐HPCS) was prepared by microwave irradiation and phase‐transfer catalysis; this consisted of two steps: (1) the synthesis of O‐hydroxypropyl chitosan (HPCS) with chitosan and propylene oxide and (2) the synthesis of C4‐HPCS with HPCS and 1‐butyl bromide. The results of the experiment are as follows: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H‐NMR displayed the characteristic peaks of C4‐HPCS, thermogravimetric analysis showed that C4‐HPCS was stable until 240°C, the critical micelle concentration was 0.025 wt %, the surface tension was equal to 65.70 ± 0.09 mN/m, the hydrophile–lipophile balance number value was 13.55, and the emulsifying power, foaming expansion, and foaming volume stability were 73.10, 45, and 94 wt %, respectively. This indicated that C4‐HPCS had superior surface performance and more excellent hydrophilicity. In addition, the microwave irradiation and phase‐transfer catalysis used in the experiment were considered to be more environmentally friendly and time‐saving methods. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41527.
Rapeseed oil‐based polyurethane foams modified with glycerol and cellulose micro/nanocrystals
Authors: Mosiewicki Mirna A. , Rojek Piotr , Michałowski Sławomir , Aranguren Mirta I. , Prociak Aleksander
Published: October 2014

A rapeseed oil‐based polyol (ROPO) was synthesized using chemical modification of the rapeseed oil (RO) by epoxidation reaction followed by oxirane ring‐opening with diethylene glycol. The ROPO was used in the formulation of low‐density green polyurethane (PU) foams. The use of glycerol as hydroxyl component, water as a reactive blowing agent and micro/nanocellulose (MNC) as a reinforcement increases the content of natural components in the formulations with important effects on the final foam properties. The ROPO and their intermediate products are characterized by analytical techniques and FTIR spectroscopy, while the final PU foams are characterized by morphological and mechanical analysis. The results show that the addition of glycerol increases the modulus and yield stress. The incorporation of MNC in small amounts is enough to increase the modulus at low temperatures. Both modifiers cause an increase in water absorption and the fragility of the cell walls, reflected in the micrographs of the foams. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41602.
Not just carbon: assessment and prospects for the application of anthracology in Oceania
Authors: Dotte‐Sarout Emilie , Carah Xavier , Byrne Chae
Published: October 2014

While archaeobotany is increasingly part of archaeological projects in Oceania, the specific sub‐discipline focusing on wood charcoal macro‐remains (anthracology) continues to be a much underdeveloped field of research in Australia and the Pacific. To initiate a regional framework for anthracology, we present here a review of studies based on wood charcoal analyses that have been implemented in Oceania, and we then present anthracological principles and methods developed in other parts of the world. We use three recent case studies, from New Caledonia, and tropical and semi‐arid Australia, to illustrate the application of anthracological methods in the region. Finally, we consider the potential for the discipline to be successfully developed in Oceania, discussing identified challenges and prospects for anthracology to address key archaeological questions in the region. We argue the discipline has the potential to throw light on both palaeoenvironmental conditions and palaeoethnobotanical practices at a site, and can also offer insights in relation to mobility patterns and resource management in the past.
A Learning Model for Racket Motion Decision in Ping‐Pong Robotic System
Authors: Su Hu , Xu De , Chen Guodong , Fang Zaojun , Tan Min
Published: October 2014

In this paper, a model of computing the desired velocity of returning balls is developed so that the robot could return the incoming ball to a desired point on the table with specified landing velocity. At first, three polynomials of the flying time are applied to fit the ball's trajectory while neglecting the effort of Magnus force; one result of returning velocity is obtained after the coefficients of the polynomials are estimated using the LM (Levenberg‐Marquardt) algorithm. Then a new configuration based on area segmentation is proposed which is used in storing and replacing experimental data; another result of the velocity is received by fitting the stored data. The weighted average of the two above mentioned results is regarded as the original value of the fuzzy correcting algorithm. With the analysis of the influence of the desired velocity on the errors between the actual landing point and the desired point, the fuzzy rule is designed. The eventual returning velocity of the ball is obtained using the fuzzy correcting algorithm based on the errors of the landing point predicted by the flying model. Finally, experiments are conducted to verify the performance of the proposed method.
On The Timing of Antiwindup Compensation
Authors: Binotti Vinicius , Bender Fernando A.
Published: October 2014

In this paper we address the problem of determining the effect of the timing of the antiwindup compensation on the stability of a class of nonlinear systems. Besides proposing a new and less conservative synthesis framework, we move forward and compare the impact of antiwindup compensation when it occurs immediately or it is delayed. The class of systems considered are input saturating linear systems with known and constant time delay in both the input and the states. The synthesis of these antiwindup compensators is carried out on a linear matrix inequality (LMI)‐based framework whose development is based on the use of a Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, a generalized sector condition, and a negligibly constrained usage of the Finsler Lemma. We compare results by computing the upper bound of the
‐norm on the admissible disturbances for which the system trajectories are assured to be bounded.
Output Swarm Stability and Stabilization for High‐Order Linear Swarm Systems
Authors: Xi Jianxiang , Liu Hao , Yu Zhiyong , Yang Bailong , Liu Guangbin
Published: October 2014

Output swarm stability and stabilization problems for high‐order linear swarm systems with directed interaction topologies are investigated. First, sufficient conditions for output swarm stability are presented, and an approach is proposed to determine the absolute output motion, where the influences of initial states of agents and swarm stabilizing protocols are given. Moreover, it is shown that swarm systems with the same initial states but different balanced interaction topologies have the same absolute output motion. Then, sufficient conditions for output swarm stabilization, which are independent of the number of agents, are presented. Finally, numerical simulations are shown to illustrate the correctness of theoretical results.
Stabilization of Singular Markovian Jump Systems by Generally Observer‐based Controllers
Authors: Wang Guoliang , Bo Haiying
Published: October 2014

This paper considers the problem of designing a generally observer‐based controller for a kind of singular Markovian jump systems, where the operation modes of controller and observer are not necessary. Different from the existing methods, several general conditions in terms of mode‐dependent or mode‐independent are obtained by using mode‐dependent Lyapunov functions and developed within LMI framework. In order to solve such problems ultimately, two different techniques dealing with the cross terms are proposed, where new variables satisfying new inequalities are introduced. Numerical examples are presented to show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed results.
Multifunctional amaranth cystatin inhibits endogenous and digestive insect cysteine endopeptidases: A potential tool to prevent proteolysis and for the control of insect pests
Authors: Valdés‐Rodríguez Silvia , Galván‐Ramírez Juan Pablo , Guerrero‐Rangel Armando , Cedro‐Tanda Alberto
Published: October 2014

In a previous study, the amaranth cystatin was characterized. This cystatin is believed to provide protection from abiotic stress because its transcription is induced in response to heat, drought, and salinity. It has also been shown that recombinant amaranth cystatin inhibits bromelain, ficin, and cysteine endopeptidases from fungal sources and also inhibits the growth of phytopathogenic fungi. In the present study, evidence is presented regarding the potential function of amaranth cystatin as a regulator of endogenous proteinases and insect digestive proteinases. During amaranth germination and seedling growth, different proteolytic profiles were observed at different pH levels in gelatin‐containing SDS‐PAGE. Most of the proteolytic enzymes detected at pH 4.5 were mainly inhibited by trans­epoxysuccinyl‐leucyl amido(4‐guanidino)butane (E‐64) and the purified recombinant amaranth cystatin. Furthermore, the recombinant amaranth cystatin was active against insect proteinases. In particular, the E‐64‐sensitive proteolytic digestive enzymes from Callosobruchus maculatus, Zabrotes subfasciatus, and Acanthoscelides obtectus were inhibited by the amaranth cystatin. Taken together, these results suggest multiple roles for cystatin in amaranth, specifically during germination and seedling growth and in the protection of A. hypochondriacus against insect predation. Amaranth cystatin represents a promising tool for diverse applications in the control of insect pest and for preventing undesirable proteolytic activity.
Using ATP‐driven bioluminescence assay to monitor microbial safety in a contemporary human cadaver laboratory
Authors: Benninger Brion , Maier Thomas
Published: October 2014

Introduction: The objective of this study was to utilize a cost‐effective method for assessing the levels of bacterial, yeast, and mold activity during a human dissection laboratory course. Nowadays, compliance with safety regulations is policed by institutions at higher standards than ever before. Fear of acquiring an unknown infection is one of the top concerns of professional healthcare students, and it provokes anti‐laboratory anxiety. Human cadavers are not routinely tested for bacteria and viruses prior to embalming. Human anatomy dissecting rooms that house embalmed cadavers are normally cleaned after the dissected cadavers have been removed. There is no evidence that investigators have ever assessed bacterial and fungal activities using adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐driven bioluminescence assays. Methods: A literature search was conducted on texts, journals, and websites regarding bacterial, yeast, and mold activities in an active cadaver laboratory. Midway into a clinical anatomy course, ATP bioluminescence assays were used to swab various sites within the dissection room, including entrance and exiting door handles, water taps, cadaver tables, counter tops, imaging material, X‐ray box switches, and the cadaver surfaces. Results: The results demonstrated very low activities on cadaver tables, washing up areas, and exiting door handles. There was low activity on counter tops and X‐ray boxes. There was medium activity on the entrance door handles. Conclusion: These findings suggest an inexpensive and accurate method for monitoring safety compliance and microbial activity. Students can feel confident and safe in the environment in which they work. Clin. Anat. 28:164–167, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Retrieval of a subintimal fractured guide wire from the brachial artery following saphenous vein graft stenting
Authors: Danson Edward J. , Ward Michael
Published: October 2014

We present a case of a 58‐year‐old woman with diabetes mellitus with a history of angina, coronary artery bypass 24 years previously and who underwent retrieval of a fractured coronary buddy wire from the right brachial artery following attempted coronary intervention to a saphenous vein graft via the right radial route. Attempted removal of the guide wire had caused guide catheter‐induced dissection of the vein graft in addition to a distal stent edge dissection before fracture in the brachial artery. The fractured end of the buddy wire was found to be in the subintimal space and could only be retrieved by advancing the wire into the subclavian artery by means of wrapping its free portion around the guiding catheter. Its fractured end could then be snared into the guiding catheter but could only be withdrawn from behind the stented segment in the vein graft by means of a trap balloon in the guiding catheter. Successful stenting of a guide catheter‐induced dissection and distal stent edge dissection within the vein graft was then performed. This case highlights the hazards of deploying stents over buddy wires and of fractured guide wires in coronary intervention. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DNA Dangling‐End‐Induced Colloidal Stabilization of Gold Nanoparticles for Colorimetric Single‐Nucleotide Polymorphism Genotyping
Authors: Akiyama Yoshitsugu , Shikagawa Hiroto , Kanayama Naoki , Takarada Tohru , Maeda Mizuo
Published: October 2014

A single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection method was developed by combining single‐base primer extension and salt‐induced aggregation of gold nanoparticles densely functionalized with double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA‐AuNP). The dsDNA‐AuNPs undergo rapid aggregation in a medium of high ionic strength, whereas particles having a single‐base protrusion at the outermost surface disperse stably, allowing detection of a single‐base difference in length by color changes. When SNP typing primers are used as analytes to hybridize to the single‐stranded DNA on the AuNP surface, the resulting dsDNA‐AuNP works as a visual indicator of single‐base extension. A set of four extension reaction mixtures is prepared using each of ddNTPs and subsequently subjected to the aggregation assay. Three mixtures involving ddNTP that is not complementary to the SNP site in the target produce the aggregates that exhibit a purple color. In contrast, one mixture with the complementary ddNTP generates the single‐base protrusion and appears red. This method could potentially be used in clinical diagnostics for personalized medicine.
ChemInform Abstract: Insights into Diffusion Mechanisms in P2 Layered Oxide Materials by First‐Principles Calculations.
Authors: Mo Yifei , Ong Shyue Ping , Ceder Gerbrand
Published: October 2014

The diffusion mechanisms in P2 (prismatic) NaxCoO2 are studied using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and nudged elastic band calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Comparison of Magnetocaloric Properties of the Mn2‐xFexP0.5As0.5 (x = 1.0 and 0.7) Compounds.
Authors: Zubov E. , et al. et al.
Published: October 2014

Mn1.3Fe0.7P0.5As0.5 (I) and MnFeP0.5As0.5 (II) are prepared by melting stoichiometric amounts of Mn2P and Fe2As (evacuated quartz ampoule, 1473 K, 2 d) followed by Bridgman directional crystallization (1000 K, 1 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Electrical and Magnetic Properties of BaMo6Te6: A Novel Reduced Molybdenum Telluride Containing Infinite Chains of trans‐Face Shared Mo6 Octahedra.
Authors: Gall Philippe , Guizouarn Thierry , Potel Michel , Gougeon Patrick
Published: October 2014

The new title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of BaTe, MoTe2, and Mo (Mo crucible, 1400 °C, 49 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Adjacent Acyclic Quaternary‐Tertiary Motifs: Application to a Concise Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Filiformin.
Authors: Blair Daniel J. , Fletcher Catherine J. , Wheelhouse Katherine M. P. , Aggarwal Varinder K.
Published: October 2014

Lithiation/borylation method delivers acyclic quaternary‐tertiary motifs (VI) with full control of absolute stereochemistry leading to all four possible isomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Stereoselective Synthesis of 3‐Alkyl‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐oxindoles Catalyzed by Novel Water‐Compatible Axially Unfixed Biaryl‐Based Bifunctional Organocatalysts.
Authors: Zhao Hongwu , Meng Wei , Yang Zhao , Tian Ting , Sheng Zhihui , Li Hailong , Song Xiuqing , Zhang Yutong , Yang Sen , Li Bo
Published: October 2014

Six novel axially unfixed biaryl‐based bifunctional organocatalysts are designed, synthesized and applied in aldol reactions of isatins with a variety of enolizable ketones in water.
ChemInform Abstract: The Divergent Synthesis of Nitrogen Heterocycles by Rhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Cycloadditions of 1‐Sulfonyl 1,2,3‐Triazoles with 1,3‐Dienes.
Authors: Shang Hai , Wang Yuanhao , Tian Yu , Feng Juan , Tang Yefeng
Published: October 2014

The novel title synthesis enables the efficient access of two types of aza‐ heterocycles, 2,3‐dihydropyrroles and 2,5‐dihydroazepines, through formal aza‐[3 + 2] and [4 + 3] cycloadditions from readily available starting materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Adamantylzinc Reagents Using a Mg‐Insertion in the Presence of ZnCl2 and Further Functionalizations.
Authors: Saemann Christoph , Dhayalan Vasudevan , Schreiner Peter R. , Knochel Paul
Published: October 2014

A novel procedure for the synthesis of adamantylzinc reagents via LiCl‐mediated Mg‐insertion in the presence of ZnCl2 and reactions of these reagents under various typical coupling reaction conditions (e.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Reactions of Heteroarylmethylzinc Reagents.
Authors: Barl Nadja M. , Sansiaume‐Dagousset Elodie , Monzon Gabriel , Wagner Andreas J. , Knochel Paul
Published: October 2014

The preparation of heteroarylmethylzinc chlorides such as (V) from the corresponding heteroarylmethyl chlorides is presented and coupling reactions with different electrophiles are demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Photophysical and Electrochemical Studies on Triazole‐Based Phthalimidodendrimers.
Authors: Ravivarma Mahalingam , Satheeshkumar Chinnadurai , Rajakumar Perumal
Published: October 2014

In addition to the first generation dendrimer (III) and the second generation dendrimer (VIII) analogues dendrimers were synthesized employing 1,2‐bis(azidomethyl)benzene or 1,2,4,5‐tetrakis(azidomethyl)benzene instead of (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Radical Oxidative Coupling Reaction of Aryl Olefins with 1,3‐Dithiane.
Authors: Du Wenbin , Tian Lixia , Lai Junshan , Huo Xing , Xie Xingang , She Xuegong , Tang Shouchu
Published: October 2014

This new and efficient method tolerates a wide range of functional groups and proceeds via an iron‐catalyzed oxidative radical intermediate.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnesiacyclopentadienes as Alkaline‐Earth Metallacyclopentadienes: Facile Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Synthetic Application.
Authors: Wei Junnian , Liu Liang , Zhan Ming , Xu Ling , Zhang Wen‐Xiong , Xi Zhenfeng
Published: October 2014

The reaction of magnesiacyclopentadienes with thioformamides demonstrates their unique reactivity and provides an efficient access for amino cyclopentadienes.
ChemInform Abstract: Inorganic‐Base‐Catalyzed Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones and 3,5‐Disubstituted Cyclohex‐2‐en‐1‐ones.
Authors: Tao Hongqi , Duan Jindian , Li Pengfei
Published: October 2014

Ketones such as pentan‐3‐one, 1‐hydroxypropan‐2‐one, and 1,3‐dihydroxypropan‐2‐one do not react to the corresponding cyclohex‐2‐en‐1‐ones under Ba(OH)2‐catalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Intermolecular Hydroamination of 1,3‐Dienes Catalyzed by Bis(phosphine)carbodicarbene—Rhodium Complexes.
Authors: Goldfogel Matthew J. , Roberts Courtney C. , Meek Simon J.
Published: October 2014

The highly site selective title reaction uses a preformed catalyst from Rh2Cl2(cod)2/NaOMe/PHL or IPL.
ChemInform Abstract: Green Recyclable CuO‐CeO2 Nanocomposite Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Halides with Aqueous Ammonia in Water.
Authors: Albadi Jalal , Mansournezhad Azam
Published: October 2014

The new method provides some advantages such as simple workup, clean procedure, relatively short reaction times and high yields of the products.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative ortho‐Amino‐Methylation of Phenols via C—H and C—C Bond Cleavage.
Authors: Sun Wenbo , Lin Huacan , Zhou Wenyu , Li Zigang
Published: October 2014

The novel title phenol aminomethylation is initiated by BrCCl3 and proceeds with good ortho‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of O‐Benzyl Hydroxamates Employing the Sulfonate Esters of N‐Hydroxybenzotriazole.
Authors: Palakurthy Nani Babu , Dev Dharm , Paikaray Sonali , Chaudhury Susmitnarayan , Mandal Bhubaneswar
Published: October 2014

This method can also be used for the functionalization of sterically hindered amino acids and dipeptides without any significant racemization.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Highly Selective Carbonylative Bisthiolation of Internal Alkynes with Organic Disulfides Catalyzed by [Co2(CO)8].
Authors: Higuchi Yoshihiro , Higashimae Shinya , Tamai Taichi , Nomoto Akihiro , Sonoda Motohiro , Ogawa Akiya
Published: October 2014

Aliphatic disulfides are unsuitable for the investigated carbonylation reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Ion‐Tagged Phosphines as Ligands for Suzuki Coupling of Aryl Halides in a Phosphonium Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Keith Adam J. , Kosik Stephen D. , Tillekeratne L. M. Viranga , Mason Mark R.
Published: October 2014

N‐substituted phosphine ligands are employed in the Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling of aryl chlorides and bromides with phenyl boronic acid in ionic liquid/water system.
ChemInform Abstract: One Pot Photoredox Decarboxylation Reaction of N‐Cyano(α‐bromo‐α‐phenyl)methylanilines Leading to Synthesis of Four‐Membered Cyclic Carbamates.
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Singh Baldev
Published: October 2014

Four‐membered cyclic carbamates (II) are synthesized through solar irradiation of compounds (I) after expelling dissolved oxygen by stirring the reaction mixture with nitrogen.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Decarbonylative and Decarboxylative Cycloaddition of Isatoic Anhydrides with Alkynes.
Authors: Nakai Kenichiro , Kurahashi Takuya , Matsubara Seijiro
Published: October 2014

Terminal alkynes such as 1‐octyne or phenylacetylene do not undergo the cycloaddition due to oligomerization.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Indoles from 1‐Alkylidene‐2‐arylhydrazines and Alkynes via C—H and N—N Bond Cleavages.
Authors: Matsuda Takanori , Tomaru Yuki
Published: October 2014

Suitable reaction conditions are presented for the annulative coupling of hydrazine substrates with internal alkynes to form trisubstituted indole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthetic Approach to 4‐Acetamido‐1‐arylindazoles via Semmler—Wolff Rearrangement of 1‐Aryl‐6,7‐dihydro‐5H‐indazol‐4‐one Oxime.
Authors: Manjunatha Sulur G. , Bachu Sreekanth , Kadambar Vasantha Krishna , Murugan Andiappan , Ramasubramanian Sridharan , Ramachandra Puranik , Nambiar Sudhir
Published: October 2014

A facile protocol using acetic anhydride and NaI is developed for Semmler—Wolf aromatization of oximes (I) to give indazole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Organo‐Photocatalysis Mediated by Atropisomeric Thiourea Derivatives.
Authors: Vallavoju Nandini , Selvakumar Sermadurai , Jockusch Steffen , Sibi Mukund P. , Sivaguru Jayaraman
Published: October 2014

The organo‐photocatalyst displays lower excited‐state energies than the reactive substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloaddition of 1,4‐Diaryl‐1,3‐butadiynes with Nitriles: An Atom‐Economic One‐Pot Approach to Benzo[f]quinazolines.
Authors: Yang Lichen , Hua Ruimao
Published: October 2014

A series of benzo[f]quinazolines (III) is prepared by a TfOH‐mediated reaction of butadiynes (I) with excess nitriles (II) in low to moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploiting the Divalent Nature of Isonitriles: A Novel Pictet—Spengler Amidination Process.
Authors: Medda Federico , Hulme Christopher
Published: October 2014

The rapid convenient one‐pot synthesis of biologically relevant dihydropyrrolo quinoxaline amidines involves reaction of aniline derivatives with aldehydes to give Pictet—Spengler products which are coupled with protonated isonitriles to form the exocyclic amidine moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Nanocatalysts: Supported Metal Nanoparticles for Catalytic Applications
Authors: Rossi Liane M. , Costa Natalia J. S. , Silva Fernanda P. , Goncalves Renato V.
Published: October 2014

Review: 110 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: All Natural: The Renaissance of Natural Products Chemistry
Authors: Molinski Tadeusz F.
Published: October 2014

Review: [61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Neutral CH and Cationic CH Donor Groups as Anion Receptors
Authors: Cai Jiajia , Sessler Jonathan L.
Published: October 2014

Review: recent developments in host‐guest chemistry based on the use of neutral and cationic CH donors; 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Methodologies of Achiral Diarylmethanols, Diaryl and Triarylmethanes (TRAMs) and Medicinal Properties of Diaryl and Triarylmethanes — an Overview
Authors: Mondal Sankalan , Panda Gautam
Published: October 2014

Review: [223 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Evolving Role of Chemical Synthesis in Antibacterial Drug Discovery
Authors: Wright Peter M. , Seiple Ian B. , Myers Andrew G.
Published: October 2014

Review: [195 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in the Ring Opening of Small‐Ring Heterocycles with Organoboron Derivatives
Authors: Pineschi Mauro
Published: October 2014

Review: [48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dialkylaminodifluorosulfinium Tetrafluoroborate Salts: Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Turcotte‐Savard Marc‐Olivier , Mahe Olivier , Paquin Jean‐Francois
Published: October 2014

Review: preparation and applications as fluorinating and activating agents; 29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Progress in the Development of Pyrophosphate Bioisosteres: Synthesis and Biomedical Potential of 1‐Fluoro‐ and 1,1‐Difluoromethylene‐1,1‐bisphosphonates
Authors: Romanenko Vadim D. , Kukhar Valery P.
Published: October 2014

Review: 93 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Exchange Couplings in Magnetic Films
Authors: Liu Wei , Liu Xiong‐Hua , Cui Wei‐Bin , Gong Wen‐Jie , Zhang Zhi‐Dong
Published: October 2014

Review: 111 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oriented Molecules
Authors: Reddy Y. Jayasubba , Ramanathan K. V.
Published: October 2014

Review: 293 refs.
Chemical Reactivity and Band‐Gap Opening of Graphene Doped with Gallium, Germanium, Arsenic, and Selenium Atoms
Authors: Denis Pablo A.
Published: October 2014

Herein, the effects of substitutional doping of graphene with Ga, Ge, As, and Se are shown. Ge exhibits the lowest formation energy, whereas Ga has the largest one. Ga‐ and As‐doped graphene display a reactivity that is larger than that corresponding to a double vacancy. They can decompose H2 and O2 easily. Variation of the type and concentration of dopant makes the adjustment of the interlayer interaction possible. In general, doping of monolayer graphene opens a band gap. At some concentrations, Ga doping induces a half metallic behavior. As is the element that offers the widest range of gap tuning. Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof calculations indicate that it can be varied from 1.3 to 0.3 eV. For bilayer graphene, the doped sheet induces charge redistribution in the perfect underneath sheet, which opens a gap in the range of 0.05–0.4 eV. This value is useful for developing graphene‐based electronics, as the carrier mobility of the undoped sheet is not expected to alter.
Microemulsion‐Assisted Synthesis of Nanosized LiMnO Spinel Cathodes for High‐Rate Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Rui Xianhong , Sun Wenping , Yan Qingyu , Lim Tuti Mariana , Skyllas–Kazacos Maria
Published: October 2014

Li1.16Mn1.84O4 nanoparticles (50–90 nm) with cubic spinel structure are synthesized by combining a microemulsion process to produce ultrafine Mn(OH)2 nanocrystals (3–8 nm) with a solid‐state lithiation step. The nanostructured lithium‐rich Li1.16Mn1.84O4 shows stable cycling performance and superior rate capabilities as compared with the corresponding bulk material, for example, the nano‐sized Li1.16Mn1.84O4 electrode shows stable reversible capacities of 74 mAh g−1 during the 1000th cycle at a high rate of 40 C between 3.0 and 4.5 V. In addition, Li1.16Mn1.84O4 nanoparticles also show high Li storage properties over an enlarged voltage window of 2.0–4.5 V with high capacities and stable cyclability, for example, delivering discharge capacities of 209 and 114 mAh g−1 at rates of 1 and 20 C, respectively.
Leaf‐like copper oxide nanocrystals synthesized by a gas‐liquid diffusion method at room temperature
Authors: Shi Zhuo , Zhang Afang , Zhang Qiang
Published: October 2014

The leaf‐like copper oxide (CuO) nanocrystals have been synthesized by a gas‐liquid diffusion method in pure aqueous solution at room temperature. The structure, morphologies and related properties of the as‐prepared crystals were characterized with X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The influence of copper concentration was investigated, which plays an important role in the formation of nanostructured CuO crystals. Only when the copper concentration was low enough (0.005 M) that the leaf‐like CuO could be obtained directly. Additionally, a growth mechanism of CuO was also proposed based on the observed results.
Preparation of strontium chloride hexahydrate by batch‐cooling crystallization: Control of crystal size and morphology
Authors: Qian Yuanyuan , Lu Guimin , Sun Yuzhu , Song Xingfu , Yu Jianguo
Published: October 2014

The effects of initial supersaturation, cooling rate, and stirring rate on the morphology of strontium chloride hexahydrate (SrCl2·6H2O) crystals were investigated by batch‐cooling crystallization, providing optimal operating conditions. Uniform needle‐like crystals with a length of 1200.50 μm and a width of 100.92 μm on average were obtained. The corresponding aspect ratio of length to width was about 11.90. Moreover, the morphological modification of SrCl2·6H2O crystals using cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) was studied. When 20.30 mmol·L−1 of CTAC was added, the length and width of crystals were 792.71 μm and 233.25 μm, respectively, and the corresponding aspect ratio decreased to 3.40. The shape of SrCl2·6H2O crystal changed to granule‐like, probably because of the strong interaction of CTAC with the SrCl2·6H2O facets with a denser distribution of Cl− ions. This study offers a simple, flexible, and highly efficient approach to regulate the morphology of SrCl2·6H2O crystals and opportunities for multiple applications of SrCl2·6H2O.