bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of environmental decision support systems for modeling of atmospheric pollution following the chemical accidents
Authors: Kovalets Ivan , Bespalov Viacheslav , Maistrenko Svitlana , Udovenko Oleg
Published: December 2022

We studied the possibility of the combined application of screening models to assess the characteristics of sources in accidents at storage facilities for hazardous substances with complex models of atmospheric transport as part of modern decision support systems to calculate air pollution in a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. The evaporation time following an emergency spill, estimated by screening models, is used to set the emission intensity and calculate the atmospheric transport by the RODOS nuclear emergency response system. For the accident in Chernihiv on March 23, 2022, it was estimated that the maximum permissible concentration of ammonia 0.2 mg/m3 was exceeded at distances up to 75 km from the source. The dependence of the calculated maximum concentrations on time is close to asymptote cmax ~ t-4.5 up to 15 h after emission, which is consistent with the asymptote σ ~ t3/2 for the time dependence of the sizes of puffs following turbulent dispersion of instantaneous releases.
On the Stability of the System of Thomson’s Vortex $n$-Gon and a Moving Circular Cylinder
Authors:   Water Problems Institute, RAS, Kurakin L. G. ,   Southern Federal University, Ostrovskaya I. V.
Published: December 2022

The linearization matrix and the quadratic part of the Hamiltonian of the problem are studied. As a result, the parameter space of the problem is divided into the instability area and the area of linear stability where nonlinear analysis is required. In the case $n=2,3$ two domains of linear stability are found. In the case $n=4,5,6$ there is just one domain. In the case $n\geqslant 7$ the studied solution is unstable for any value of the problem parameters. The obtained results in the limiting case as $a\to\infty$ agree with the known results for the model of point vortices outside the circular domain.
Comparative Analysis of the Dynamics of a Spherical Robot with a Balanced Internal Platform Taking into Account Different Models of Contact Friction
Authors:   National Research University “MPEI”, Saypulaev G. R. ,   National Research University “MPEI”, Adamov B. I. ,   National Research University “MPEI”, Kobrin A. I.
Published: December 2022

The subject of this paper is a spherical robot with an internal platform with four classic-type omniwheels. The motion of the spherical robot on a horizontal surface is considered and its kinematics is described. The aim of the research is to study the dynamics of the spherical robot with different levels of detailing of the contact friction model. Nonholonomic models of the dynamics of the robot with different levels of detailing of the contact friction model are constructed. The programmed control of the motion of the spherical robot using elementary maneuvers is proposed. A simulation of motion is carried out and the efficiency of the proposed control is confirmed. It is shown that, at low speeds of motion of the spherical robot, it is allowed to use a model obtained under the assumption of no slipping between the sphere and the floor. The influence of the contact friction model at high-speed motions of the spherical robot on its dynamics under programmed control is demonstrated. This influence leads to the need to develop more accurate models of the motion of a spherical robot and its contact interaction with the supporting surface in order to increase the accuracy of motion control based on these models.
XADREZ DA GEOPOLÍTICA VENEZUELANA
Authors: Lima Wendell Teles de , Curico Maico Apaguenho , Souza Sebastião Perez e
Published: December 2022

A geopolítica é um ramo da geografia que constitui grande importância a referir-se na configuração territorial, localização, projeção, domínio e controle político. A constituição desse modelo forma o cenário americano atual, alguns países constituem o cenário sul-americano que desembocam nas formas políticas que se encontram os países que compõem essa região. O caso venezuelano é emblemático e demonstra o conjunto de forças que se encontra a luta pela hegemonia, controle e formas existentes de governos perpassam as disputas geopolíticas que direcionam o interesse e os caminhos que buscam cada país dentro do manto das chancelas norte-americano pela disputa do controle da região com outros países, conseguir paralisar o interesse de outras grandes potências. Nesta reflexão tem-se como ponto de partido a luta do campo de força e estratégias geopolíticas respaldadas pela pesquisa bibliográfica. O desenvolvimento dessa pesquisa, objetiva compreender as formas de atuação geopolítica no subcontinente sul-americano. A escolha da Venezuela como análise é em função de ser investida como uma área escolhida que atualmente está sofrendo intervenções políticas e comerciais dos Estados Unidos e países de vários continentes que são simpatizantes da referida ação que tem como intenção neutralizar, aniquilar o governo e sua geopolítica bolivariana.
CAVALHADAS DE TAGUATINGA DO TOCANTINS COMO PATRIMÔNIO CULTURAL
Authors: Camargo César Floriano de , Balsan Rosane
Published: December 2022

Este artigo é parte da dissertação de mestrado cujo objetivo é descrever as cavalhadas encenadas anualmente na cidade de Taguatinga do Tocantins, durante os festejos da padroeira da cidade a Nossa Senhora D’Abadia, fomentam interesses e paixões, tanto da comunidade local, que acaba contribuindo para adornar suas casas, e consequentemente, boa parte da cidade de azul (representando o exército dos cristãos) e vermelho (representando o exército dos mouros). Tal interesse transpassa os limites geográficos daquele município, uma vez que, ganha espaço regional e estadual, principalmente na imprensa que todos os anos têm divulgado os rituais festivos das cavalhadas. Esse evento é único, no estado do Tocantins, motivo que desperta interesse do público. Com a prática reiterada das encenações que ocorrem desde a década de trinta, embora tenha ocorrido um período de paralização que se deu de 1947 a 1997 o evento continua sendo encenado. Entretanto, desde essa última data vem ocorrendo reiteradamente, ressalvado os anos de 2020 e 2021, em razão da pandemia da COVID-19. Verifica-se que as cavalhadas, mesmo com o período de paralização, representam não só para os personagens diretos que são os cavaleiros, mas para toda comunidade, uma identidade advinda das práticas e domínios da vida social que se manifestam em suas celebrações e/ou formas de expressões cênicas, sendo dessa forma, evento patrimonial cultural imaterial.
LEVANTAMENTO AEROFOTOGRAMÉTRICO DO CAMPO DE MURUNDUS GOLFINHO (FAL/UNB-DF), ATRAVÉS DE AERONAVE REMOTAMENTE PILOTADA
Authors: Villela Matheus , Nascimento Roselir
Published: December 2022

Os campos de murundus, paisagens úmidas do bioma Cerrado que vem sendo degradadas, caracterizam-se por um conjunto de morrotes arredondados com diâmetros e alturas variados. São considerados APP (Área de Preservação Permanente) no DF desde 17 de março de 2020 (Lei nº 6.520). Devido a reduzida área que ocupam no espaço geográfico e a descaracterização de sua vegetação original tornam-se pouco perceptíveis em mapeamentos ou imagens de sensores orbitais. Reconhecendo a necessidade de mapeá-los para preservá-los, optou-se pelo uso de Aeronaves Remotamente Pilotadas (RPA), com sensores acoplados. O Campo de Murundus Golfinho (FAL, UnB) foi selecionado como área de estudo pelas características já reconhecidas, sendo descritas em estudos anteriores (BAPTISTA, Gustavo Macedo de Mello. 2008). O planejamento para aerolevantamento em campo contou com a utilização dos softwares Google Earth Pro e DroneDeploy. Foram planejados 4 voos com sobreposições frontal e lateral de 70%, com o objetivo de obter mais detalhes do terreno. Para processamento das imagens obtidas foi utilizado o software Agisoft Metashape Professional. O pós-processamento foi realizado através do software GPPK, fornecido pela Guandalini Posicionamento. Foi constatado que a APP em questão está sendo afetada por obras indevidas e alterações na composição de fauna e flora, de acordo com a legislação distrital vigente. A metodologia aplicada, dado o objetivo, se mostrou eficaz e bem consolidada. Foi possível identificar indivíduos de morrotes, bem como as características do relevo formando divisor de drenagem com alto nível de detalhes.
ANÁLISE DO INSTRUMENTO DE PLANEJAMENTO E DO DESEMPENHO OPERACIONAL DO SISTEMA DE ABASTECIMENTO DE ÁGUA DO MUNICÍPIO DE CASTANHAL
Authors: Souza Arllen Augusto Gomes , Pereira José Almir Rodrigues
Published: December 2022

No presente trabalho são analisados os instrumentos de planejamento e o desempenho operacional do Sistema de Abastecimento de Água (SAA) do município de Castanhal, localizado no estado do Pará, Brasil. Inicialmente, foram realizados o levantamento e a sistematização dos dados do SAA da área urbana. Na segunda Etapa, foram verificados o arranjo das unidades e as condições operacionais do SAA. Finalmente, foi avaliada a eficiência do abastecimento de água, considerando as diretrizes estabelecidas na Lei 11.445/2007 (Política Nacional de Saneamento Básico). Os resultados obtidos demonstraram deficiências nos instrumentos de planejamento, inclusive com a necessidade de atualização do Plano Municipal de Saneamento Básico (PMSB). Essa situação contribuiu para obras emergenciais que resultaram em grande descentralização do abastecimento de água. Destas obras, foram identificados 14 microssistemas na área urbana, sendo apenas dois com estação de tratamento de água. Também foi constatado valor de 61,06% de perda de água na distribuição no ano de 2017, o que prejudica o atendimento à população. Além disso, o balanço financeiro da prestação de serviço de abastecimento de água na área urbana do município apresentou saldo negativo, com o valor arrecadado em 2017 de R$ 3.360.100,49, representando apenas 21% das despesas operacionais de R$ 16.026.046,26. Com a pesquisa, foi possível verificar a necessidade de atualização do Plano Municipal de Saneamento Básico, planejamento estruturado do SAA e de obras para melhor funcionamento dos microssistemas, como condição para melhorar o atendimento do prestador dos serviços e promoção da sustentabilidade econômica do sistema.
SUSTENTABILIDADE AMBIENTAL NO ASSENTAMENTO RURAL TERRA VISTA, EM ARATACA, BAHIA, BRASIL
Authors: Aguiar Paulo César Bahia de , Pires Mônica de Moura
Published: December 2022

Este artigo tem como principal objetivo analisar o Assentamento Rural Terra Vista, Sul do estado da Bahia, Brasil, sob a ótica da sustentabilidade. Para analisar a sustentabilidade do assentamento, essa foi observada em três dimensões (ambiental, social e econômica), sendo aferida por meio dos seus capitais e capacidades, por meio de pesquisas bibliográficas e inserções de campo/vivências semanais no local entre outubro de 2017 e fevereiro de 2018 e informações levantadas junto a moradores e suas lideranças. Esse assentamento mostrou-se bem organizado, e, por conseguinte, tem-se tornado referência para outros assentamentos da região, além de propiciar projeção e reconhecimento nacional e internacional. Mesmo assim, apresenta fragilidades, como a ausência de veículo de maior porte que atenda os moradores no transporte dos seus produtos para comercialização; ausência de estabelecimentos comerciais para suprir os moradores com produtos alimentícios não produzidos no assentamento e outros produtos de necessidades domésticas; falta de oportunidade de outras ocupações além das atividades agrícolas e das escolas, em especial para os jovens; necessidade de outras possibilidades de fonte de renda sustentável para as famílias; necessidade de maior engajamento coletivo na dinâmica do assentamento e em seus projetos; capitação de recursos financeiros a partir dos serviços ambientais gerados no local
“ESCRAVIDÃO: DO PRIMEIRO LEILÃO DE CATIVOS EM PORTUGAL ATÉ A MORTE DE ZUMBI DOS PALMARES”
Authors: Gomes Francisco Carlos Moreira
Published: December 2022

Esta resenha estabelece a apresentação do livro “Escravidão: do primeiro leilão de cativos em Portugal até a morte de Zumbi dos Palmares” escrito por Laurentino Gomes. O autor é famoso por sua grande habilidade de promover uma escrita leve e de boa retenção do leitor. Seu livro, apresenta uma reflexão sobre como o processo de escravidão deu forma a sociedade brasileira. O volume 1 compreende um período de 255 anos, a partir de 1440 com o primeiro leilão de escravos africanos feito pelos portugueses, até 1695 ano a morte do mítico Zumbi dos Palmares. Mesmo o livro sendo uma obra sobre a história da escravidão, possui uma interessante abordagem geográfica, que propicia aos geógrafos que se propuserem a ter contato com o livro, uma experiencia significativa.
TEORIA QUEER
Authors: Brinco Lucian Armindo da Silva , Costa Benhur Pinós da
Published: December 2022

A presente resenha discorre sobre o livro intitulado “Teoria Queer: Um aprendizado pelas diferenças”, de Richard Miskolci, que faz sua discussão a respeito de como o processo educativo é centralizado em um modo/modelo cisheteronormativo. Esse autor conduz a reflexão sobre a forma como o sistema de ensino-aprendizagem interfere e condiciona as relações sociais, que, direta ou indiretamente, pressiona à normatização das pessoas. Concomitante a isso, por meio do debate que envolve a Teoria Queer, o pesquisador aponta para a urgente necessidade de rompimento dessa forma de pensamento, principalmente no que diz respeito à gênero e sexualidade.
ENSAIO SOBRE AS INVESTIGAÇÕES E OS INVESTIGADORES DA TEMÁTICA “POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE TURISMO NO CERRADO”
Authors: Barbosa Otávia Xavier
Published: December 2022

O objetivo central deste manuscrito é identificar e explicitar aspectos relevantes para a reflexão sobre as políticas públicas e turismo na região do cerrado, com destaque aos principais investigadores dessa temática no contexto regional. Diante disso, o trabalho foi construído a partir das pesquisas qualitativa e bibliográfica, ao se centrar na compreensão e explicação dos textos citados nas referências do presente artigo. Entre os principais resultados está o diálogo dos estudiosos Almeida (2002; 2007), Araújo Sobrinho (2008), Carvalho (2015), Gonçalves (2018) e Santos (2010; 2013) com a temática “turismo no cerrado goiano”, em que apresentam congruência e complementaridade ao enquadrarem em suas pesquisas a necessidade de articulação da política de turismo com outras políticas e a sociedade organizada.
Mutagenic and antimutagenic evaluation of Asparagus laricinus Burch., Senecio asperulus DC., and Gunnera perpensa L. to hepatic cells
Authors: Mfengwana Polo-Ma-Abiele Hildah
Published: December 2022

Introduction. The use of traditional medicinal plant concoctions to cure or treat different diseases daily in African folk medicine. However, the effects of most medicinal plants on human health or genetic material remain unknown. This study thus aimed to evaluate the mutagenic and antimutagenic potentials of Asparagus laricinus Burch. cladodes, Senecio asperulus DC., and Gunnera perpensa L. roots extract in vitro.
Methods. Neutral red uptake assay, alkaline comet assay, and the VITOTOX test was used with plant extract dilutions of 4, 20, 50, and 100 µg/ml, respectively, on hepatic (C3A) cells and Salmonella Typhimurium TA104 strains. Ethyl methane-sulfonate and 4-nitroquinoline oxide were used as positive controls for the comet and VITOTOX assays, respectively.
Results.  In vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were not observed from all tested extracts, except for the two dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of S. asperulus and G. perpensa, which appeared to be cytotoxic with S9 metabolic activation, but not genotoxic or mutagenic. From the VITOTOX test results, none of the extracts appeared to have antimutagenic properties after treating S. Typhimurium strains with a known mutagen.
Conclusions. These results confirm that previously reported anticarcinogenic properties of A. laricinus, S. asperulus, and G. perpensa did not result from the protective mechanism against genotoxicity but from other ones. Moreover, the negative mutagenic and cytotoxic activities of the tested plants highlighted the safe use of these medicinal plants in vitro. Therefore, S. asperulus and G. perpensa DCM extracts require further investigation for their possible in vivo cytotoxic effects on humans.
On the Significance of Parameters in the Choice and Collection Schemata in the 2nd Order Peano Arithmetic
Authors: Kanovei Vladimir , Lyubetsky Vassily
Published: December 2022

We make use of generalized iterations of the Sacks forcing to define cardinal-preserving generic extensions of the constructible universe L in which the axioms of ZF hold and in addition either 1) the parameter-free countable axiom of choice AC* fails, or 2) AC* holds but the full countable axiom of choice AC fails in the domain of reals. In another generic extension of L, we define a set X⊆P(ω), which is a model of the parameter-free part PA2* of the 2nd order Peano arithmetic PA2, in which CA(Σ21) (Comprehension for Σ21 formulas with parameters) holds, yet an instance of Comprehension CA for a more complex formula fails. Treating the iterated Sacks forcing as a class forcing over $L_{\omega_1}$, we infer the following consistency results as corollaries. If the 2nd order Peano arithmetic PA2 is formally consistent then so are the theories: 1) PA2 + negation of AC*, 2) PA2 + AC* + negation of AC, 3) PA2* + CA(Σ21) + negation of CA.
Сопряженный расчет течений в областях, содержащих пористое тело и свободный поток
Authors: Чурбанов Александр Георгиевич , Churbanov Aleksandr Georgievich , Чурбанова Наталья Геннадьевна , Churbanova Natal'ya Gennad'evna , Трапезникова Марина Александровна , Trapeznikova Marina Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2022

Рассмотрена модель для сопряженного расчета течений в областях, содержащих насыщенное пористое тело и свободный поток. Она основана на обобщенных уравнениях Навье--Стокса для несжимаемой жидкости, получаемых осреднением по репрезентативному элементарному объему пористой среды и записанных для всей расчетной области, состоящей из двух отличающихся по составу подобластей. Для численной реализации данной модели разработан алгоритм расчета, основанный на методе конечных элементов и методе Ньютона для решения нелинейных уравнений. Он был реализован с использованием открытой вычислительной платформы FEniCS. Верификация разработанной расчетной методики проведена на известных численных результатах других авторов. Кроме того, проведены и проанализированы модельные расчеты течений в автомобильном каталитическом нейтрализаторе.
Метод обнаружения структурного сдвига в модели авторегрессионной условной гетероскедастичности: случай распределения Стьюдента
Authors: Борзых Дмитрий Александрович , Borzykh Dmitriy Alexandrovich , Языков Артем Aнатольевич , Yazykov Artem Anatol'evich
Published: December 2022

Рассматриваются два метода обнаружения структурного сдвига в кусочно-заданной обобщенной модели авторегрессионной условной гетероскедастичности. Первый метод основан на статистике Колмогорова--Смирнова и называется KS-методом. Второй основан на методе кумулятивных сумм и называется KL-методом. В предлагаемой работе с помощью метода статистических испытаний проведено сопоставление KS- и KL-методов в предположении условного распределения Стьюдента случайных ошибок. В результате сопоставления получены следующие результаты. KL-метод уступает KS-методу как по средней вероятности ошибок первого рода, так и по средней мощности обнаружения структурного сдвига.
Моделирование нестационарных механодиффузионных процессов в полом цилиндре с учетом релаксации диффузионных потоков
Authors: Зверев Николай Андреевич , Zverev Nikolay Andreevich , Земсков Андрей Владимирович , Zemskov Andrei Vladimirovich
Published: December 2022

Рассматривается одномерная задача механодиффузии для полого ортотропного многокомпонентного цилиндра, находящегося под действием внешнего давления, которое равномерно распределено по его внутренней и внешней поверхностям. Математическая модель включает в себя систему уравнений упругой диффузии в цилиндрической системе координат, в которой учтены релаксационные диффузионные эффекты, подразумевающие конечные скорости распространения диффузионных процессов. Задача решается методом эквивалентных граничных условий. Для этого рассматривается вспомогательная задача, решение которой получается с помощью разложения в ряды по собственным функциям упругодиффузионного оператора. Строятся соотношения, связывающие правые части граничных условий обеих задач, которые представляют собой систему интегральных уравнений, решение которой ищется с помощью квадратурных формул. Рассмотрен расчетный пример для трехкомпонентного полого цилиндра.
Pengembangan Alat Tanam Benih Langsung Tipe Drum Seeder
Authors: Azis Abdul , Rifaldy Akhmad Muhammad Farham , Useng Daniel
Published: December 2022

Alat tanam benih langsung merupakan suatu metode tanam yang digunakan dengan sistem tanam langsung dengan menggunakan alat. Akan tetapi, atabela yang digunakan masyarakat secara umum masih memiliki kendala seperti tidak adanya pembuka alur sehingga benih yang jatuh tidak pada alur yang ditentukan, tidak adanya perata tanah sehingga pada lahan ada bagian yang tergenang air. Kendala di atas menyebabkan pertumbuhan dan perawatan padi yang tidak maksimal. Perancangan atabela diharapkan untuk mempermudah proses penanaman benih padi dengan menggunakan teknologi sederhana untuk menghemat waktu dan tenaga. Bagian alat yang dikembangkan adalah pembuka alur berfungsi sebagai tempat jatuhnya benih, perata tanah berfungsi untuk meratakan tanah sebelum benih dijatuhkan dan penutup lubang sebagai penghalang jatuhnya benih ditempat yang tidak di inginkan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bagian-bagian alat berfungsi dengan baik, dimana diperoleh hasil jarak tanam ke samping 25 cm, jarak tanam kedepan 25-50 cm, jumlah benih yang keluar 9-15 biji dan keteraturan benih yang masuk kedalam lubang atau alur yang telah dibuat.
Analisis Status Daya Dukung Air di Sub DAS Cikeruh, Jawa Barat Berdasarkan Neraca Air Meteorologis Thornthwaite-Mather
Authors: Aalimah Rizky Ayu , Suryadi Edy , Perwitasari Sophia Dwiratna Nur
Published: December 2022

Aktivitas pertumbuhan penduduk, perkembangan wilayah dan meningkatnya pembangunan infrastruktur secara langsung maupun tidak langsung dapat menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan daya dukung lingkungan khususnya daya dukung air yang sulit untuk dihindari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis status daya dukung air berdasarkan neraca air meteorologis Thornthwaite Mather. Penelitian dilakukan di Sub DAS Cikeruh, DAS Citarum Hulu dengan luas wilayah 19.143,21 ha. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif pendekatan kuantitatif, dengan cara menganalisis kondisi status daya dukung air yang merujuk kepada rasio ketersediaan air dan kebutuhan air sektor domestik, non domestik, pertanian, industri, peternakan dan perikanan. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan status daya dukung air pada wilayah penelitian tahun 2020 bernilai telah terlampaui (overshoot). Kondisi tersebut menandakan bahwa neraca air dalam kondisi defisit dengan nilai ketersediaan air dalam satu tahun mencapai 193.583.337,01 m3/tahun dan nilai kebutuhan air untuk enam sektor mencapai 462.306.728,53  m3/tahun. Secara kuantitas nilai ketersediaan air di wilayah penelitian belum mampu untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air keenam sektor tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, ketersediaan air di Sub DAS Cikeruh hanya mampu memenuhi kebutuhan air untuk sektor domestik, non domestik, peternakan, perikanan, dan pertanian tetapi belum mampu memenuhi kebutuhan air industri.
Uji Kualitas dan Kuantitas DNA Porang (Amorphophallus Muelleri Blume) pada Beberapa Kawasan di Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Mollah Abdul , Ashan Muh. Aswad , Khatimah Andi Husnul
Published: December 2022

Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) adalah salah satu kekayaan hayati umbi-umbian Indonesia yang pembudidayaannya masih sangat terbatas. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan pemanfaatan taman porang adalah dengan memberikan penanda molekuler dalam studi hubungan kekerabatan. Hubungan kekerabatan plasma nutfah sangat penting bagi para pemulia karena dapat menjadi dasar perakitan individu baru yang memiliki karakter unggul melalui proses hibridisasi dimasa yang akan datang. Hubungan kekerabatan dapat diidentifikasi berdasarkan adanya kesamaan karakter dengan asumsi bahwa karakter yang berbeda disebabkan oleh adanya perbedaan susunan genetik. Penelitian ini menggunakan daun tanaman porang yang diperoleh dari beberapa daerah agroforestri di Sulawesi Selatan, yaitu Kabupaten Bantaeng, Bulukumba, Gowa, dan Maros. Sampel daun umbi porang diisolasi dan diekstraksi menggunakan cairan nitrogen dan pengukuran DNA dilakukan dengan menggunakan nanodrop spectrophotometry dengan rasio absorbansi sebesar 260/280. Pemurnian dilakukan dengan menggunakan campuran chisam dan NAOAc yang ditambahkan dengan isopropanol. DNA yang diekstraksi menghasilkan kualitas yang cukup baik dengan konsentrasi berkisar antara 72.9 ng/µl - 1206.9 ng/µl. Konsentrasi DNA terendah terdapat pada genotipe MR8 dan genotipe tertinggi pada genotipe BL11. Hasil purifikasi DNA berkisar antara 5,3 ng/µl - 211,9 ng/µl dengan konsentrasi terendah diperoleh pada genotipe P.BT-BG13 dan konsentrasi tertinggi pada genotipe P.BL2.
Analisis Mutu Fisik Dan Kimia Biji Kakao Berdasarkan Pola Ketinggian Lokasi Tanam di Kecamatan Bua Kabupaten Luwu
Authors: Junais Isnam , Sartika Dewi
Published: December 2022

Kakao merupakan tanaman perkebunan rakyat yang tersebar di berbagai pelosok wilayah Indonesia, permintaan akan kakao di pasar dalam negeri dan dunia, menjadi satu peluang  bagi Indonesia menjadikan komoditas kakao sebagai komoditas andalan perkebunan yang nantinya diharapkan peranannya mampu mendorong perekonomian nasional. Dari segi kualitas, kakao Indonesia tidak kalah dengan kakao dunia dimana bila dilakukan fermentasi dengan baik. Mutu biji kakao merupakan elemen yang sangat penting sehingga diperlukan upaya untuk tetap menjaga dan mempertahankannya, mutu biji kakao ditentukan oleh berbagai faktor diantaranya adalah penggunaan bibit yang unggul, proses budidaya tanaman kakao, proses penanganan pasca panen maupun kondisi iklim, cuaca dan topografi. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui karakterisasi mutu fisik dan kimia kakao berdasarkan pola letak ketinggian tanamnya. Hasil penelitian untuk parameter mutu fisik menunjukan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh signifikan antara variabel pengamatan yaitu ketinggian lokasi tanam dengan parameter uji fisik baik yang meliputi ukuran panjang dan diameter buah kakao maupun jumlah biji perbuah dan per 100 gramnya, namun secara keseluruhan mutu fisik biji kakao untuk semua parameter pengamatan masuk dalam kategori mutu grade A berdasarkan standar SNI. Berdasarkan parameter mutu kimia biji kakao  menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh nyata variabel pengamatan lokasi tinggi tanaman kakao yang di uji terhadap kandungan lemak biji kakao, untuk variabel pengamatan kadar air biji kakao dan kadar abu, masing masing mempunyai pengaruh yang nyata dimana tanaman kakao di atas 200 mdpl cenderung memiliki kadar air dan kadar abu yang lebih banyak dibandingkan tanaman kakao yang ditanaman pada ketinggian tanam lebih rendah dari 200 mdpl. Namun secara umum mutu kimia kakao berdasarkan kadar lemak, kadar air dan kadar abu pada masing masing lokasi pengamatan tergolong baik, dimana masih memenuhi standar terbaik berdasarkan standar mutu kakao SNI.
Application of Fuzzy Logic Control System in Fluidized Coffee Roaster
Authors: Nugroho Arie , Waris Abdul , Muhidong Junaedi
Published: December 2022

The fluidized coffee roaster is one of roasters which designed to overcome the weaknesses of the conventional roasting method. The purpose of this research is to develop a fluidization type roaster with a Fuzzy Logic control system. The specification of the roaster are roasting chamber dimensions of 65 mm (diameter) and 75 mm (height), a roasting capacity of 40 grams with a roasting time of 300 seconds. A heater with a power of 1,200 W was used as the source of heating energy. The research method was carried out by first, developed a control program and applied to the roaster. Then, a test of functionality and performance was conducted by using Robusta coffee for a temperature set point of 190°C, 200°C, and 210°C. The performance test of control responses resulted in 6.25°C (2,97%) error steady state for 15 seconds. However, this value remains below the tolerance threshold of 5%. The test of the color quality of coffee roasted at 190°C produced 3 groups of coffee colors, namely light brown-yellow, light brown-half-city, and light brown-cinnamon. In the case of roasting temperature of 200°C, it produced 3 color groups, i.e. light brown-city, light brown-full city, and light brown-full city+. For a roasting temperature of 210°C, there were two types of colors, namely dark brown-Vienna and dark brown-Italian. It can be concluded that a fluidized coffee roaster with a fuzzy logic control system was able to produce roast coffee compatible to the target roast profile according to the National Coffee Association (2002), namely light, medium, and dark.
Estimation of Potential Evapotranspiration for Optimizing the Usage of Surface Irrigation in Wajo District
Authors: Samsuar Samsuar , Mubarak Husnul , Lestari Nunik
Published: December 2022

Indonesian government is trying to increase the production of agricultural commodities in order to support the food self-sufficiency program. To support this program, the availability of irrigation facilities is important in supporting the productivity of agricultural field. Climate change and changes in agricultural systems have an impact on changes in the need of irrigation water in crop cultivation. The decreasing availability of water for agriculture encourages us to be able to use water more efficiently, especially for irrigation water. The purpose of this research is to predict the ETp value as a basis for determining plant water requirements, to determine the most suitable ETp model, to validate the prediction results of ETp values ​​using direct measurements in the field, and to obtain information related to climate factors that have the most influence on the ETp rate. The measurement of the ETp value is based on the use of Merra-2 global climate data and climate data from field measurements. ETp models used are Blaney-Criddle, Hargraves, Remanenko, Penman and Penman-Monteith. Research results showed that the ETp rate in Wajo District tended to increase during the July-October period indicating an increase in water demand in crop cultivation. The most influential climate parameter in determining the Penman Monteith ETp rate is solar radiation. The results of the ETp analysis using global data show that the Penman model is the closest model to the Penman Monteith ETp model from field measurements.
Efficacy of Various Biopesticides against Red Ant (Dorylus orientalis Westwood) in Potato Field
Authors: Bhattarai Sabin , Nepali Bikram , Bhatta Manoj , Devkota Ananta Raj , Shrestha Jiban
Published: December 2022

Red ant (Dorylus orientalis Westwood) is the most destructive insect pest of potato tubers in the field in Nepal. A field experiment was conducted at Bhatkada, Dadeldhura district, Nepal in 2020 to determine the efficacy of various biopesticides and chemical insecticide on red ants. The plot size in this experiment was 106.7 m2. Five treatments viz. Chlorpyriphos 20% EC (2 mL L-1 water), Banmaara (2 kg plot-1), Cow urine (2 L 6 L-1water plot-1), Agave (25 g tuber-1) and Control (no treatment) were evaluated in randomized complete block design with four replications. The data on plant height and the number of leaves were taken at 45, 60, and 75 days after planting (DAP). The data on slightly and severely infested tubers were taken after harvesting of potato. The results showed that Chlorpyriphos treated plots gave the lowest values of traits viz numbers of slightly infested tuber (91,500 ha-1), severely infested tubers (12,500 ha-1), weights of slight infested tubers (7,700 kg ha-1) and severely infested tuber (1,130 kg ha-1). Among the botanical pesticides, Agave treated plots provided the second lowest values of numbers of slightly infested tuber (145,500 ha-1), severely infested tubers (37,400 ha-1), weights of slight infested tubers (13,400 kg ha-1) and severely infested tuber (3,110 kg ha-1). The results showed that the Agave treatment provided the highest marketable yield (50,900 kg ha-1). Thus, Chlorpyriphos and Agave could be used to efficiently protect potato tubers from red ant in potato field.
A Call to Action for Musculoskeletal Research Funding
Authors: McConaghy Kara , Klika Alison K. , Apte Suneel S. , Erdemir Ahmet , Derwin Kathleen , Piuzzi Nicolas S.
Published: December 2022

As a result of an aging population, musculoskeletal disease is a growing source of health and economic burden in the United States. In 2019, musculoskeletal conditions affected approximately 127.4 million people (more than a third of the U.S. population); they were the top driver of health-care spending in 2016, with an estimated direct annual cost of $380.9 billion. While musculoskeletal conditions represent a substantial and growing burden in terms of prevalence, disability, and health-care costs, National Institutes of Health (NIH) research funding has remained disproportionately allocated to other disease conditions. Therefore, our purpose was to provide an assessment of the current burden of musculoskeletal disease in terms of prevalence, disability, and health-care costs, and compare the changing burden of disease to trends in NIH funding.
Time to Positivity of Cultures Obtained for Periprosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Tarabichi Saad , Goh Graham S. , Zanna Luigi , Qadiri Qudratullah S. , Baker Colin M. , Gehrke Thorsten , Citak Mustafa , Parvizi Javad
Published: December 2022

Background:

Despite its well-established limitations, culture remains the gold standard for microbial identification in periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). However, there are no benchmarks for the time to positivity (TTP) on culture for specific microorganisms. This study aimed to determine the TTP for pathogens commonly encountered in PJI.

Methods:

This retrospective, multicenter study reviewed prospectively maintained institutional PJI databases to identify patients who underwent hip or knee revision arthroplasty from 2017 to 2021 at 2 tertiary centers in the United States and Germany. Only patients who met the 2018 International Consensus Meeting (ICM) criteria for PJI and had a positive intraoperative culture were included. TTP on culture media was recorded for each sample taken intraoperatively. The median TTP was compared among different microbial species and different specimen types. Data are presented either as the mean and the standard deviation or as the median and the interquartile range (IQR).

Results:

A total of 536 ICM-positive patients with positive cultures were included. The mean number of positive cultures per patient was 3.9 ± 2.6. The median TTP, in days, for all positive cultures was 3.3 (IQR, 1.9 to 5.4). Overall, gram-negative organisms (TTP, 1.99 [1.1 to 4.1]; n = 225) grew significantly faster on culture compared with gram-positive organisms (TTP, 3.33 [1.9 to 5.8]; n = 1,774). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (TTP, 1.42 [1.0 to 2.8]; n = 85) had the fastest TTP, followed by gram-negative rods (TTP, 1.92 [1.0 to 3.9]; n = 163), methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (TTP, 1.95 [1.1 to 3.3] n = 393), Streptococcus species (TTP, 2.92 [1.2 to 4.3]; n = 230), Staphylococcus epidermidis (TTP, 4.20 [2.4 to 5.5]; n = 555), Candida species (TTP, 5.30 [3.1 to 10]; n = 63), and Cutibacterium acnes (TTP, 6.97 [5.9 to 8.2]; n = 197). When evaluating the median TTP according to specimen type, synovial fluid (TTP, 1.97 [1.1 to 3.1]; n = 112) exhibited the shortest TTP, followed by soft tissue (TTP, 3.17 [1.4 to 5.3]; n = 1,199) and bone (TTP, 4.16 [2.3 to 5.9]; n = 782).

Conclusions:

To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the TTP of common microorganisms that are known to cause PJI. Increased awareness of these data may help to guide the selection of appropriate antimicrobial therapy and to predict treatment outcomes in the future. Nonetheless, additional studies with larger cohorts are needed to validate these benchmarks.

Level of Evidence:

Diagnostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Endoscopic Treatment of Stump Infection of the Residual Synovial Cavity After Through-the-Knee Amputation
Authors: Furrer Pascal R. , Zimmermann Stefan M. , Böni Thomas , Waibel Felix W.A.
Published: December 2022

Case:

We report the case of a 35-year-old patient who presented with a septic residual synovial cavity infection 8 weeks after a through-the-knee amputation because of a parosteal sarcoma. An endoscopic evacuation of the turbid fluid and synovial debridement through parapatellar portals as in a standard knee arthroscopy was performed, in conjunction with appropriate antibiotic therapy. One year postoperatively, there were no signs of residual infection.

Conclusion:

Endoscopic treatment of a septic stump infection of the residual synovial cavity after through-the-knee amputation is feasible. In our case, this approach resulted in rapid wound healing and early prosthesis mobility.
Bundled Care in Elective Total Joint Replacement: Payment Models in Sweden, Canada, and the United States
Authors: Sniderman Jhase , Krueger Chad , Wolfstadt Jesse
Published: December 2022

» Rising health-care expenditures and payer dissatisfaction with traditional models of reimbursement have driven an interest in alternative payment model initiatives.

» Bundled payments, an alternative payment model, have been introduced for total joint replacement in Sweden, the United States, and Canada to help to curb costs, with varying degrees of success.

» Outpatient total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty are becoming increasingly common and provide value for patients and payers, but have negatively impacted providers participating in bundled payment models due to considerable losses and decreased reimbursement.

» A fine balance exists between achieving cost savings for payers and enticing participation by providers in bundled payment models.

» The design of each model is key to payer, provider, and patient satisfaction and should feature comprehensive coverage for a full cycle of care whether it is in the inpatient or outpatient setting, is linked to quality and patient-reported outcomes, features appropriate risk adjustment, and sets limits on responsibility for unrelated complications and extreme outlier events.
Surgeon-Performed Intraoperative Peripheral Nerve Blocks and Periarticular Infiltration During Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Drapeau-Zgoralski Véronique , Bourget-Murray Jonathan , Hall Brandon , Horton Isabel , Dervin Geoffrey , Duncan Kenneth , Addy Keith , Garceau Simon
Published: December 2022

» Surgeon-performed intraoperative peripheral nerve blocks may improve operating room efficiency and reduce hospital resource utilization and, ultimately, costs. Additionally, these blocks can be safely performed intraoperatively by most orthopaedic surgeons, while only specifically trained physicians are able to perform ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve blocks.

» IPACK (infiltration between the popliteal artery and capsule of the knee) blocks are at least noninferior to periarticular infiltration when combined with an adductor canal block for analgesia following total knee arthroplasty.

» Surgeon-performed intraoperative adductor canal blocks are technically feasible and offer reliable anesthesia comparable with ultrasound-guided blocks performed by anesthesiologists. While clinical studies have shown promising results, additional Level-I studies are required.

» A surgeon-performed intraoperative psoas compartment block has been described as a readily available and safe technique, although there is some concern for femoral nerve analgesia, and temporary sensory changes have been reported.
Arthroscopic Remplissage for the Treatment of Anterior Shoulder Instability
Authors: Hwang Simon T. , Horinek Jeffrey L. , Ardebol Javier , Menendez Mariano E. , Denard Patrick J.
Published: December 2022

» A Hill-Sachs lesion (HSL) is a compression fracture on the posterolateral humeral head that can increase the risk of recurrent shoulder instability after isolated arthroscopic Bankart repair.

» Remplissage involves capsulotenodesis of the infraspinatus tendon and posterior capsule into the HSL to prevent its engagement with the glenoid rim through extra-articular conversion and restraint against humeral head anterior translation.

» The glenoid track concept can be applied preoperatively and intraoperatively to evaluate risk of recurrence and help direct clinical management options for recurrent shoulder instability.

» Recent literature supports expanding indications for remplissage to include patients with on-track HSLs who are at increased risk of recurrence including collision athletes, military personal, and patients with joint hyperlaxity.

» New techniques and suture constructs have demonstrated improved biomechanical strength while avoiding the need to access the subacromial space.
Students’ perception of conditions for self-efficacy during their internship programme. A case study of the University of Education, Winneba College for Distance And e-Learning
Authors: Bondzie George
Published: December 2022

This article examines the conditions (time and supervision) in achieving self-efficacy among distance education students on internship programme in the University of Education, Winneba. The purpose of this study was to find out if the conditions of time and supervision were adequately met for distance education students on internship programme in the University of Education, Winneba (UEW) to accomplish self-efficacy. The descriptive survey design was used in conducting the study. Data was collected by means of Google Docs; questionnaires were administered via students’ WhatsApp platforms. A sample of 1,087 final year distance education students was derived for the study through the availability sampling technique. The study concluded that the condition of time allocation for OCTPs to enable UEWDESTIs to achieve self-efficacy were not adequately met in the sense that they had little time to learn more relevant teaching skills, practicalise teaching theories, participate in every activity, and practice all teaching activities learnt. In essence, UEWDESTIs would need more time to practice and develop the teaching skills necessary to become more competent teachers.
Perceptions of stakeholders on modalities for giving quality assurance feedback to tutors in teachers’ colleges in Tanzania
Authors: Choma Isaack Augustine , Raymond Boniface
Published: December 2022

Effective dialogic feedback demands active zonal quality assurance officers and tutors. The use of oral and written modalities to provide quality assurance feedback on learning environment in teachers’ colleges could make tutors more active in teaching. This article appraises modalities used to give feedback to tutors; and analyses the modalities regarded by tutors and quality assurance officers as effective in Tanzania. The article adopts a qualitative multiple-case study involving thirty-four respondents from three teachers’ training colleges in Tanzania. Data were collected using in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and documentary reviews with tutors. It is revealed that oral and written modalities were mainly used to give quality assurance feedback to tutors in teachers’ colleges. Moreover, these feedback modalities do not have a bearing on the effectiveness of learning in the studied institutions. The paper also identifies significant differences between the quality of oral and written feedback. Tutors tend to prefer oral to written quality assurance feedback modality. Specifically, tutors perceived oral quality assurance feedback modality as the most effective way as it allows for more interaction, collaboration and dialogue between tutors and zonal school quality assurance officers. On the other hand, zonal quality assurance officers prefer written to oral quality assurance feedback modality as most effective for permanent record keeping in the majority of cases. Moreover, written feedback is the only means by which quality assurance stakeholders get to know about the state of quality of education provision in teachers’ colleges. It was also found that the new framework for giving quality assurance feedback was adopted and implemented before tutors were adequately oriented to the framework. It is, therefore, recommended that before quality assurance framework and its modalities of giving quality assurance feedback are changing feedback modalities, the government should first consider adequate training of zonal quality assurance officers for them to perceive feedback as a dialogic process.
Reconstructing paleosinuosity and sedimentary mass balance in the Upper Triassic Shinarump paleoriver in Utah and Arizona, U.S.A.
Authors: Hayes Robert , DeCelles Peter
Published: December 2022

The Upper Triassic Shinarump Member forms the basal part of the Chinle Formation in the western interior United States and was deposited by a continental-scale fluvial system which ran approximately 2,500 km from the Ouachita Orogen in the east into the Auld Lang Syne marine basin in the west. Previous studies of the Shinarump Member have concluded that the deposits represent a braided-river system but have not produced estimates for paleo-sinuosity and paleo-discharge. Recent advances in sedimentology allow detailed morphometric assessment of the nature of the river system that deposited the Shinarump Member enabling us to produce quantitative estimates for these parameters. We therefore present architectural data from the Shinarump Member in northern Arizona and Utah, supported by lithofacies data and 39 sandstone petrographic analyses, and a dataset of 4,298 paleocurrent measurements from trough cross-strata.

Lithofacies and architectural analysis supports previous interpretations of the Shinarump and equivalent strata as braided-river deposits. Petrographic analysis shows that the Shinarump is dominated by monocrystalline quartz and exhibits low spatial variation in composition, ranging from 85.4% to 99.8% total quartz. Paleocurrent measurements are used to calculate the channel sinuosity of the fluvial system as varying between 1.02 and 1.77, with a median value of 1.33 (compared to the Yangtze River, ranging from 1.05 to 1.50 and the Ganges–Brahmaputra, ranging from 1.05 to 1.13 in their lower 250 km). Paleohydrological estimates using data from the architectural surveys produce slope estimates from 2.01 × 10–4 to 6.51 × 10–4 and bankfull discharge estimates from 4.36 × 103 m3 s–1 to 2.38 × 104 m3 s–1 for individual channels, comparable to extant continental-scale fluvial systems. Estimates of lifetime sediment transport volume range from 7.75 × 104 km3 to 6.09 × 105 km3, which are in order-of-magnitude agreement with estimates for the volume of the depositional sink (1.35 × 105 km3 to 4.17 × 105 km3). These results demonstrate the potential for paleohydrologic estimates to provide new avenues for analysis of heavily studied units.