bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transformasi Pertanian dan Krisis Air di Bali dalam Perspektif Ekologi Politik
Authors: Tarigan Herlina
Published: March 2018

English
Mass tourism development directing all policies to support tourism in Bali causes water crisis and major agricultural base change. This paper aims to analyze of agricultural transformation process and water crisis taking place in Bali as well as its impacts on the socio-economic cultural life of the society and the future of tourism itself. Using the perspective of political ecology with review techniques, the obtained results are (1) tourism-oriented development policy brings a broad impact on the environment and the agricultural sector especially land conversion, labor, economy, and water resource utilization; (2) water crisis creates natural resource conflict among various stakeholders and tends to marginalize agriculture; (3) local subak institutional decay and it is potential to suppress natural resources and indigenous culture of Balinese society. In the long term, there is a potential that Bali loses its distinctive cultural appeal as the world tourism destination. Using political ecology perspective, it is suggested that Bali has to develop eco-tourism, agro-tourism, and culture-tourism as soon as possible.

Indonesian
Pembangunan pariwisata massal yang mengarahkan semua kebijakan untuk mendukung pariwisata di Bali telah menyebabkan terjadinya  krisis air dan perubahan basis utama pertanian. Tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis proses transformasi pertanian dan krisis air yang terjadi di Bali serta dampaknya bagi kehidupan sosial-ekonomi-budaya masyarakat dan masa depan pariwisata itu sendiri.  Menggunakan perspektif ekologi politik dengan teknik review diperoleh hasil bahwa (1) politik pembangunan berorientasi pariwisata membawa dampak yang luas terhadap lingkungan dan sektor pertanian khususnya alih fungsi lahan, ketenagakerjaan,  perekonomian, hingga pemanfaatan sumber daya air; (2) terjadi krisis air yang menimbulkan konflik sumber daya alam antarberbagai stakeholder dan cenderung memarginalisasi pertanian; (3) terjadi peluruhan kelembagaan lokal subak dan potensial menekan sumber daya alam maupun kultur asli masyarakat Bali. Dalam jangka panjang, Bali potensial kehilangan daya tarik kultural yang khas sebagai destinasi pariwisata dunia.  Menggunakan perspektif ekologi politik, disarankan pariwisata Bali lebih mengarah kepada pengembangan ekowisata, agrowisata, dan kulturwisata.
Relevansi Konsep dan Gerakan Pertanian Keluarga (Family Farming) serta Karakteristiknya di Indonesia
Authors: Syahyuti NFN
Published: March 2018

English
The United Nations established 2014 as the international year of family farming aimed to encourage public awareness and understanding on family farming issues and how to find effective ways to support them. Family farming is run by the majority of farmers in the world and it contributes greatly to food provision, environmental health, poverty alleviation, and farmers’ welfare. Indonesia also needs to support family farming because of its unique characteristics. This paper reviews various topics related with family farming. Indonesia needs to increase knowledge to all stakeholders related to with family farming in terms of cooperation, movement and program to sustain and develop it in the future. Therefore, we need a family farming index in accordance with all stakeholders’ views. Indonesian family farming index consists of input, process, and output aspects.

Indonesian
PBB telah menetapkan tahun 2014 sebagai tahun internasional pertanian keluarga dengan tujuan  menarik perhatian masyarakat untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan pemahaman tentang permasalahan pertanian keluarga dan menemukan cara yang efektif  untuk mendukungnya.  Pertanian keluarga dijalankan oleh sebagian besar petani di dunia dan terbukti memberikan sumbangan yang besar bagi penyediaan pangan, kesehatan lingkungan, pengentasan kemiskinan, dan kesejahteraan petani.  Indonesia juga membutuhkan kesadaran dan perlunya dukungan terhadap pertanian keluarga karena memiliki karakter masalah pertanian keluarga yang khas. Tulisan ini merupakan tinjauan review dari berbagai bahan. Indonesia membutuhkan peningkatan pengetahuan bagi seluruh pihak terkait dengan pertanian keluarga agar dapat membangun kerja sama, gerakan, dan program untuk menjaga dan mengembangkannya ke depan. Untuk itu dibutuhkan sebuah indeks pertanian keluarga yang bisa menjadi pegangan dan kesepakatan semua pihak. Indeks pertanian keluarga untuk Indonesia merupakan sebuah variabel komposit yang mencakup aspek input, proses, dan sekaligus output dari pertanian keluarga.
Irigasi Kecil: Kinerja, Masalah, dan Solusinya
Authors: Purwantini Tri Bastuti , Suhaeti Rita Nur
Published: March 2018

Irrigation facilities is one of the key factors in farming, especially for food crop farming, including rice. A small-scale irrigation system has an area of less than 500 hectares, and it is the backbone of family food security which in turn will lead to national food security. Damage irrigation system networks will threaten food production increase. In the future, irrigation infrastructure must be better managed so that agricultural sector can realize agricultural diversification, conserve wider irrigation system and maintain local wisdom and social capital in irrigation management. The objective of the paper is to analyze performance, problems and solutions of small irrigation systems in Indonesia, including small irrigation concepts and understanding, small irrigation performance and development, small irrigation development policies, factors affecting smallscale irrigation development, investments, and prospects. The paper also compares various performances, problems and solutions of small irrigation systems in other countries. Small scale irrigation performance is often better than large-scale irrigation, in the sense of water availability throughout the year and equitable water distribution for all service areas.

 

Abstrak

Sarana irigasi merupakan faktor penting dalam usaha tani khususnya tanaman pangan. Sistem irigasi kecil dengan luas oncoran kurang dari 500 ha merupakan tulang punggung ketahanan pangan keluarga yang pada gilirannya bermuara pada ketahanan pangan tingkat nasional. Kerusakan jaringan sistem irigasi akan mengancam peningkatan produksi pangan. Di masa yang akan datang, infrastruktur irigasi harus dikelola secara lebih baik agar sektor pertanian dapat mewujudkan diversifikasi pertanian, semakin luasnya konservasi sistem irigasi, serta kearifan lokal dan modal sosial dalam pengelolaan irigasi dapat terpelihara. Tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis kinerja, masalah dan solusi sistem irigasi kecil di Indonesia, termasuk konsep dan pengertian irigasi kecil, kinerja dan perkembangan irigasi kecil, kebijakan pengembangan irigasi kecil, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengembangan investasi irigasi kecil, dan prospek pengembangan irigasi kecil. Dalam tulisan ini juga dibandingkan berbagai kinerja, masalah dan solusi dari sistem irigasi kecil di negera-negara lain. Kinerja irigasi kecil seringkali lebih baik dari irigasi skala besar, dalam arti ketersediaan air sepanjang tahun dan terdapat keadilan pembagian air untuk seluruh wilayah oncorannya.
ESTÁGIOS DE VIVENCIA: FERRAMENTA DE ENSINO E APRENDIZAGEM.
Authors: Maia Estela Da Silva , Pantaleão Laura Cristina , Campos Suenia Cristine , Alves José Claudio Souza
Published: March 2018

Os padrões de ensino das universidades ainda passam por processos de engessamento, e, é notável a falta de investimento e comprometimento das instituições com o retorno dos conhecimentos adquiridos para a sociedade em geral. Diante disso, são necessárias propostas metodológicas voltadas para vivências interdisciplinares, onde haja troca de experiências e conhecimentos entre o estudante e a comunidade. A fim de romper a barreira entre conhecimento acadêmico e conhecimento popular, o Grupo de Estudos da Amazônia (GEA) tem realizado nos últimos onze anos, atividades pedagógicas focadas no ensino através da vivencia. Em dois mil e quatorze a dois mil e quinze o GEA realizou um curso de iconografia da arte marajoara e uma vivência ao estado do Pará, envolvendo estudantes de diversos cursos da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) e também artesões. Através dos relatos dos participantes percebeu-se a ampliação do conhecimento teórico adquirido e uma grande conscientização dos estudantes perante a realidade regional. Dessa forma, reforça-se a importância de metodologiasde ensino voltadas a praticas de extensão.Palavras-chave: Práticas pedagógicas. Grupo de Estudos da Amazônia. Extensão Universitária.Área temática: Educação, Teorias e Metodologias em Extensão.
Projeto Estiva: uma iniciativa de gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos em comunidades de baixa renda
Authors: Schott Filho Odeir , Aguiar Andry Caroline de Melo , Da Silva Elizangela De Cássia Rodrigues , Pereira Tamires Cardoso , Ferreira Jaqueline Aparecida , Borges Alisson Carraro
Published: March 2018

A equipe do Programa de Educação Tutorial em Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental (PET.EAA) atua no contexto agrário e ambiental, sendo que o presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a influência de uma intervenção inovadora de extensão em interface com pesquisa, para a efetiva gestão de resíduos sólidos dos moradores do Conjunto Habitacional Estiva, localizado no munícipio de Coimbra (MG). Utilizando como metodologia a distribuição de sacolas oxibiodegradáveis de diferentes cores para separação do lixo em duas classes, além de palestras e atividades de caráter lúdico-integrador realizado juntamente com a população. Como resultados, observou-se que a destinação apropriada de resíduos urbanos é de fundamental importância para a saúde e bem estar da população. A distribuição de lixeiras e sacolas juntamente com oficinas visando o ensino da comunidade sobre assuntos referentes à gestão de resíduos sólidos se mostrou eficaz na separação do material em resíduo seco e úmido.
Café com agroecologia: integrando conhecimento
Authors: Júnior Paulo Prates , Pereira Adalgisa De Jesus , Santana Felipe Carvalho , Santos Lidiane Figueiredo , Carmo Davi Lopes , Priore Silvia Eloiza , Casali Vicente Wagner Dias
Published: March 2018

A Agroecologia é uma ciência que dialoga com diferentes áreas de conhecimentos via metodologias participativas. Em contexto de troca de saberes surgiu o “Café com Agroecologia”, promovido pelo Programa de Pós-graduação em Agroecologia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, com encontros mensais, agregam estudantes do ensino fundamental e médio, graduação e pós-graduação, professores, técnicos, produtores rurais e demais interessados pela Agroecologia. O encontro normalmente é iniciado pela fala do facilitador/palestrante sobre o tema a ser discutido. Em seguida, são promovidos posicionamentos e questionamentos que, comumente são direcionados ao facilitador. O espaço é aberto à troca, preparo e degustação de alimentos e bebidas diversas, visando valorizar a socioagrobiodiversidade e a confraternização entre os participantes. O artigo visa propor reflexões sobre a popularização da Agroecologia, divulgar, compreender e compartilhar o funcionamento das vivências ocorridas nos encontros.
Synergistic Apoptotic Effects of Tocotrienol Isomers and Acalypha wilkesiana on A549 and U87MG Cancer Cells
Authors: Ibrahim Babangida Abubakar  , Su-Wen Lim  , Hwei-San Loh
Published: March 2018

Recent studies suggested that combined treatment approaches can be used to improve anticancer potency and circumvent the limitations of high-dose tocotrienols administration. Acalypha wilkesiana is a medicinal plant that has been used as an adjunct treatment for cancers in traditional medicine. Herein, the effects of single and combined treatments of ?-, ?- and ?-tocotrienols and ethyl acetate extract (9EA) of Acalypha wilkesiana on lung (A549) and brain (U87MG) cancer cells were investigated. ?- and ?-tocotrienols exhibited higher potent antiproliferative effects against A549 (12.1 ?g/ml and 13.6 ?g/ml) and U87MG cells (3.3 ?g/ml and 5.2 ?g/ml) compared to ?-tocotrienols (9.4 ?g/ml and 92.4 ?g/ml), respectively. Whereas, 9EA induced potent antiproliferative effects against U87MG cells only (2.0 ?g/ml). Combined treatments of tocotrienols and 9EA induced a synergistic growth inhibition with up to 8.4-fold reduction in potent doses of ?-, ?- and ?-tocotrienols on A549 cells. Apoptotic features were also evidenced on A549 cells receiving single and combined treatments. The synergism may greatly improve the therapeutic outcome for lung cancer.

 

Kajian terbaru mencadangkan bahawa pendekatan gabungan rawatan boleh digunakan untuk meningkatkan potensi antikanser dan menghindari batasan pemberian tocotrienol dos tinggi. Acalypha wilkesiana adalah tumbuhan ubatan yang telah digunakan sebagai rawatan tambahan untuk kanser dalam perubatan tradisional. Di sini, kesan rawatan tunggal dan gabungan ?-, ?- dan ?-tocotrienols dan ekstrak etil asetat (9EA) daripada Acalypha wilkesiana pada paru-paru (A549) dan sel-sel kanser otak (U87MG) telah disiasat. ?- dan ?-tocotrienols menunjukkan kesan antiproliferatif yang lebih tinggi terhadap A549 (12.1 ?g/ml dan 13.6 ?g/ml) dan sel U87MG (3.3 ?g/ml dan 5.2 ?g/ml) berbanding ?-tocotrienols (9.4 ?g/ml), masing-masing. Sedangkan, 9EA merangsang kesan antiproliferatif yang kuat terhadap sel U87MG sahaja (2.0 ?g/ml). Rawatan terapi tocotrienols dan 9EA mencetuskan perencatan pertumbuhan sinergis sehingga pengurangan 8.4 kali ganda dalam dos yang kuat dari ?-, ?- dan ?-tocotrienols pada sel A549. Ciri-ciri apoptotic juga dibuktikan pada sel-sel A549 yang menerima rawatan tunggal dan gabungan. Sinergi ini boleh meningkatkan hasil terapeutik untuk kanser paru-paru.
Corn Yield Response to Plant Density and Nitrogen: Spatial Models and Yield Distribution
Authors: Schwalbert Rai , Amado Telmo J.C. , Horbe Tiago A. N. , Stefanello Lincon O. , Assefa Y. , Prasad P.V.Vara , Rice Charles W. , Ciampitti Ignacio A.
Published: March 2018

Core Ideas

Corn yield response to plant density and N rate were dependent on yield environment.

Agronomic optimal plant density and N rate were positively correlated to yield level.

Yield to density within a yield environment was independent on year, country, and hybrid.

Similarity in yield frequency data distributions lead to similar yield–factor responses.

Understanding the relationship of corn (Zea mays L.) yield responses to plant density and nitrogen (N) fertilization is critical to production decisions. The main objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate yield responses to plant density and fertilizer N rate at varying yields adjusting models considering a spatial component, (ii) perform a validation for the fitted models with an independent dataset, and (iii) identify key statistical parameters for the yield data distribution governing response models. Analyses were conducted with information from seven fields with 21 studies (one study per yield environment, with three environments per field) conducted from 2009 to 2017 in southern Brazil with geospatial data collected to evaluate yield response to plant density and fertilizer N rates (28911 data points) and one additional database with 12 field studies conducted from 2012 to 2015 in the US Midwest (1773 data points). Databases were divided into training and validation datasets. Field experiments evaluating both plant density and N rate were selected as training dataset. Key research findings were (i) yield–factor response models were dependent on yield environment and within a yield environment those models remained constant regardless the year, country, and hybrid for all evaluated fields, (ii) statistical models considering spatial correlation of the random errors outperformed those considering errors independent and identically distributed and, (iii) yield distribution with comparable 50% interquartile range and mode portrayed similar yield–factor relationship. In summary, fitting spatial yield–density models considering yield data distribution is critical to upscale site‐specific models to larger spatial domains.
Limited Dissolved Phosphorus Runoff Losses from Layered Double Hydroxide and Struvite Fertilizers in a Rainfall Simulation Study
Authors: Everaert Maarten , da Silva Rodrigo C. , Degryse Fien , McLaughlin Mike J. , Smolders Erik
Published: March 2018

The enrichment of P in surface waters has been linked to P runoff from agricultural fields amended with fertilizers. Novel slow‐release mineral fertilizers, such as struvite and P‐exchanged layered double hydroxides (LDHs), have received increasing attention for P recycling from waste streams, and these fertilizers may potentially reduce the risk of runoff losses. Here, a rainfall simulation experiment was performed to evaluate P runoff associated with the application of recycled slow‐release fertilizers relative to that of a soluble fertilizer. Monoammonium phosphate (MAP), struvite, and LDH granular fertilizers were broadcasted at equal total P doses on soil packed in trays (5% slope) and covered with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Four rainfall simulation events of 30 min were performed at 1, 5, 15, and 30 d after the fertilizer application. Runoff water from the trays was collected, filtered, and analyzed for dissolved P. For the MAP treatment, P runoff losses were high in the first two rain events and leveled off in later rain events. In total, 42% of the applied P in the MAP treatment was lost due to runoff. In the slow‐release fertilizer treatments, P runoff losses were limited to 1.9 (struvite) and 2.4% (LDH) of the applied doses and were more similar over the different rain events. The use of these novel P fertilizer forms could be beneficial in areas with a high risk of surface water eutrophication and a history of intensive fertilization.

Core Ideas

Granular struvite and LDH are known as slow‐release fertilizers (SRFs).

For the first time, struvite and LDH were tested in a runoff experiment.

42% of P in the MAP treatment was lost as DP due to runoff.

Struvite and LDH showed much lower loss (<3% of applied P) than MAP.

Applying SRFs can be considered in areas and times with a high risk of eutrophication.
Surface and Subsurface Tillage Effects on Mine Soil Properties and Vegetative Response
Authors: Angel H. Z. , Stovall J. P. , Williams H. M. , Farrish K. W. , Oswald B. P. , Young J. L.
Published: March 2018

Core Ideas

Mine soil physical properties improve with increased tillage upon reclamation in the Gulf Coastal Plain.

Growth of loblolly pine seedlings increases with higher intensity tillage on reclaimed mined land.

Aboveground herbaceous cover and biomass increases with tillage on reclaimed mined land.

Soil compaction is an important concern for surface mine operations that require heavy equipment for land reclamation. Excessive use of rubber‐tired equipment, such as scraper pans, may cause mine soil compaction and hinder the success of revegetation efforts. However, information is limited on management strategies for ameliorating the potential compacting effects of scraper pans, particularly during site preparation for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations. Three forms of tillage and one control were replicated five times on surface mined land in the west Gulf Coastal Plain: no tillage (NT), disking (D), single‐ripping + disking (R+D), and cross‐ripping + disking (CR+D). Mine soil physical properties were investigated at 0 to 30, 30 to 60, and 60 to 90 cm. Percent cover and aboveground biomass of an herbaceous winter cover crop, and survival and growth of loblolly pine seedlings were assessed after one growing season. Herbaceous species biomass was highest on the R+D and CR+D plots and lowest on the NT control. Pine seedling survival was highest on the tilled plots (>90%) compared to NT (85%). The highest intensity combination tillage treatment (CR+D) was superior in terms of lowering soil bulk density (mean 1.36 Mg m–3) and soil strength (mean 2220 kPa) and increasing pine seedling volume index growth (mean 32 cm3). Surface tillage (D) alone improved herbaceous cover and pine seedling survival, while CR+D provided the most favorable responses in mine soil physical properties and vegetative growth.
The Determination of Gypsum in Soils
Authors: Herrero J. , Artieda O. , Weindorf D.C.
Published: March 2018

Core Ideas

We presented in Methods of Soil Analysis three easy methods for gypsum determination.

Two of these methods are gravimetric and only need elementary lab equipment.

The other method based on portable spectroscopy works in the lab and in the field.

We present the Chapter about the Soil Gypsum Determination that appeared in the Methods of Soil Analysis, published in an electronic format (available as a pdf or html version) by the Soil Science Society of America.
Desarrollo, globalización, colonialismo, conflicto sociopolítico y realidad social colombiana
Authors: Vélez Ramírez Orlando
Published: March 2018

Es pertinente para el ejercicio de la Psicología en Colombia revisar y analizar el contexto histórico, social, político y económico en el que se circunscribe el país, realidades históricas como el colonialismo y el conflicto sociopolítico (guerrilla, paramilitarismo, narcotráfico) y tendencias mundiales a nivel macro como la globalización y el neoliberalismo, afectan el desarrollo de un pueblo con unas características que lo hacen particular como escenario, en el cual la psicología puede realizar aportes que permitan la comprensión de los fenómenos individuales, sociales y la generación de propuestas.
Hacia un Metamodelo para la Gestión Ambiental de los Recursos Hidrológicos
Authors: Ordoñez-Córdoba José Armando , Corrales Juan Carlos , Arciniegas José Luis , Figueroa Apolinar
Published: March 2018

Gran parte del desarrollo económico del sur occidente colombiano esta relacionados con el uso sostenible de los recursos naturales. En el tema de los recursos hidrológicos, un primer paso para la gestión eficiente del agua, es el consenso sobre los mecanismos necesarios para la preservación del agua y las herramientas metodológicas para soportar estos procesos. Este artículo propone una abstracción independiente del lenguaje para los conceptos asociados con los estudios hidrológicos. Para conseguir esta abstracción, se identificaron unos conceptos generales y realizó un metamodelo del dominio de los estudios ambientales. Este modelo ofrece una descripción de los procesos, variables y resultados de los análisis hidrológicos. Finalmente mostramos un piloto de la implementación de este sistema.
Caracterización del Sector Cerámico Tradicional del Valle de Aburrá y los Riesgos Profesionales Latentes en su Proceso Productivo
Authors: Montoya-Rivas Gian Paolo , Montoya-Rivas Renata Stephany , Botero-Giraldo Julián
Published: March 2018

El presente estudio busca caracterizar y diagnosticar los peligros y riesgos presentes en las empresas que pertenecen al sector cerámico tradicional del Valle de Aburrá. En primera instancia se caracteriza el sector cerámico a partir de la revisión bibliográfica existente a nivel nacional y regional, para finalmente realizar un diagnóstico de los factores de riesgos profesionales que se presentan en el sector, mediante encuestas realizadas a gerentes y/o líderes de las áreas, encargados de velar tanto por la productividad de la empresa como por la gestión de los riesgos, teniendo como principales hallazgos las debilidades que presentan las organizaciones para identificar y valorar los riesgos profesionales latentes.
Enseñanza en la Ingeniería de Software: Aproximación a un Estado del Arte
Authors: Montoya-Suárez Lina María , Pulgarín-Mejía Elizabeth
Published: March 2018

En este artículo se presenta una revisión de estado del arte sobre la formación en torno a la Ingeniería de Software, con una aproximación a aspectos relacionados con las estrategias de enseñanza aprendizaje basado en lúdica, haciendo énfasis en la enseñanza de la ingeniería de requisitos. El artículo presenta una novedosa aplicación fundamentada en juegos, como estrategias de enseñanza con el objetivo de desarrollar habilidades, espacios de trabajo colaborativo, que permitan apoyar la investigación y la formación de maestros, entre otros. También se presenta un análisis sobre los diferentes estrategias lúdicas para la enseñanza en temáticas de la ingeniería del software al interior de un aula de clase.
La Ingeniería de Requerimientos en las Pequeñas Empresas del Departamento de Risaralda
Authors: De-la-Cruz-Londoño Cristian Andrés , Castro-Guevara Gustavo Andrés
Published: March 2018

La finalidad de este artículo es mostrar el estado actual del proceso de ingeniería de requerimientos en las pequeñas empresas que desarrollan software en el departamento de Risaralda, además de observar cómo se aborda esta área desde la academia. Para lograr esto se estructuraron dos herramientas las cuales fueron encuesta y entrevista, asimismo se realizó una búsqueda teórica. Se optó por conocer la percepción de las personas relacionadas en esta área, las temáticas abordadas fueron: Stakeholders, priorización, dependencias, trazabilidad, diseño centrado en usuario (DCU), restricciones, documentación, requerimientos funcionales, requerimientos no funcionales, meta-modelos y técnicas usadas para elicitación. Para el caso de la industria la media ponderada es de 4,1 (en una escala de 1 a 5) de lo que se concluye que las empresas se encuentran algo de acuerdo con su experticia para el desarrollo de la ingeniería de requerimientos.
Galileo Galilei
Authors: Serna-Montoya Edgar , Marquiná José , Fernández Eugenio
Published: March 2018

Biografía de Galileo
Simulación Mediante Redes Neuronales del Enfriamiento del Arco Eléctrico en Disyuntores de Alta Tensión
Authors: Bryantsevich Alexandro
Published: March 2018

La formulación de los modelos analíticos de enfriamiento de los arcos eléctricos en disyuntores de alta tensión todavía presenta muchas dificultades, y requiere nuevas hipótesis que los simplifique sustancialmente en relación con la realidad. Desde un punto de vista técnico, la aplicación de las redes neuronales podría ser una fuente objetiva para la simulación del enfriamiento del arco eléctrico, y para obtener resultados más cercanos a las propiedades reales del interruptor. En este trabajo se describe la problemática del desarrollo de modelos analíticos vinculados al enfriamiento del arco eléctrico de disyuntores de alta tensión mediante redes neuronales.
Evolución del Concepto del Tiempo Cosmológico
Authors: Tiglioli Franchesca
Published: March 2018

El concepto del tiempo ha evolucionado, desde los antiguos griegos, a lo largo de un período de más de dos mil años. Con el surgimiento de las ciencias particulares, el problema se desplazó desde la filosofía a las ciencias naturales, y la física, como la base de la ciencia fundamental, desempeña un papel esencial en este asunto. A principios del siglo pasado, Einstein revolucionó el concepto de tiempo con la Teoría de la Relatividad. Pero, ¿cuáles son las conexiones lógicas del concepto moderno de tiempo con la filosofía antigua? En este artículo se comparan las ideas de Aristóteles acerca del tiempo con las de la física posterior a Einstein, y se argumenta cómo esta comparación sugiere una interesante interpretación del tiempo en la cosmología moderna.
La Filosofía de la Ingeniería y la Formación en Ingeniería
Authors: Peña Gabriel
Published: March 2018

Como profesionales de la formación en ingeniería y al reflexionar acerca de esta profesión, muchos maestros se plantean la pregunta: ¿Puede la filosofía de la enseñanza de la ingeniería mejorar la práctica de la formación en ingeniería? El objetivo de este artículo es buscar respuestas mediante discusión a preguntas como: ¿Es la filosofía de la enseñanza de la ingeniería diferente de la filosofía de la educación? ¿Cuáles son las "cuestiones" de la filosofía de la formación en ingeniería? ¿En qué difiere la filosofía de la formación en ingeniería de la filosofía de la formación científica o médica? ¿Es necesaria una filosofía de formación liberal para la filosofía de la formación en ingeniería o son antítesis? ¿Hasta qué punto es necesaria la filosofía de la formación para diseñar
Algunos Comentarios a los Objetivos del MIRFAC
Authors: Serna-Montoya Edgar
Published: March 2018

Nota del traductor. En 1963, H. James Gawlik publicó su artículo “MIRFAC: A Compiler Base on Standard Mathematical Notation and Plain English”, en el que describe una versión piloto del compilador MIRFAC. Las principales características del sistema, de acuerdo con el autor, es que está destinado a la solución de problemas científicos con presentación totalmente de fórmulas matemáticas. El uso del inglés sin formato para las instrucciones organizacionales, diagnostica los errores de manera automática e indica la ubicación real del error en un programa sin compilar. Además es un intento por minimizar la fragmentación de la declaración del problema original, que es una característica normal de los sistemas de programación. En esta carta, Dijkstra le escribe al editor de la revista, Communications of the ACM, sus comentarios acerca de dicho artículo.
MoS2/Cu/TiO2 nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and effect on photocatalytic decomposition of methylene blue in water under visible light
Authors: de los Santos Desireé M. , Chahid Sara , Alcántara Rodrigo , Navas Javier , Aguilar Teresa , Gallardo Juan Jesús , Gómez-Villarejo Roberto , Carrillo-Berdugo Iván , Fernández-Lorenzo Concha
Published: March 2018

Photodegradation processes are of great interest in a range of applications, one of which is the photodecomposition of pollutants. For this reason, analysing nanoparticles that improve the efficiency of these processes under solar radiation are very necessary. Thus, in this study, TiO2 was doped with Mo and Cu using low-temperature hydrolysis as the method of synthesis. Pure TiO2 and x%MoS2/Cu/TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared, where x is the theoretical quantity of MoS2 added (0.0%, 1.0%, 5.5%, 10.0%), setting the nominal quantity of Cu at 0.5 wt.%. The samples obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray electron spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy in diffuse reflectance mode. The results suggest that the TiO2 structure was doped with the Mo6+ and Cu2+ ions in the position of the Ti4+. The x%MoS2/Cu/TiO2 samples presented lower band gap energy values and greater optical absorption in the visible region than the pure TiO2 sample. Lastly, the photocatalytic activity of the samples was assessed by means of the photodegradation of methylene blue under visible light. The results show that when the quantity of Mo in the co-doped samples increased (x%MoS2/Cu/TiO2) there were significant increases of up to 93% in the photocatalytic activity.
Rheology characteristics of activated sludge and thermal treated sludge at different process temperature
Authors: Feng GuoHong , Ma He , Bai Tiantian , Guo Yabing
Published: March 2018

In this paper, flow behavior for activated sludge and thermal treated sludge at different process temperature and various solids content were analyzed. Results show viscosity of activated sludge and thermal treated sludge both decreased with increasing temperature, while temperature dependence of viscosity for both types of sludge were not same at the whole study range. The relationship between viscosity and temperature could be expressed by Arrhenius equation for activated sludge, and it was interesting that this law was only suitable when certain solid content (80 g/L) for thermal treated sludge. Moreover, the logistic model was certified to be accurate in describing the functionality for thermal treated sludge. As solid content was at range of 80–100 g/L, active energy of viscosity for both kinds of sludge were similar, indicating that physicochemical properties' change of sludge after thermal hydrolysis had little effect on viscosity sensibility. Arrhenius law was also suitable for describing the relationship between storage modulus and process temperature for activated sludge. However, for thermal treated sludge, Arrhenius law was invalid. Yield stress for activated sludge was prominent, while it could be ignored for thermal treated sludge.
Parent Preferences for Methods and Content of Technology Based Asthma Risk Communication (Preprint)
Authors: Andrews Annie Lintzenich , Nitchie Haley , Harvey Jillian
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

Interventions to improve preventive care delivery to children with asthma are increasingly designed around mobile technology.

OBJECTIVE

Our objective was to develop insight into parent use of mobile technology and their preferences for methods and content of an asthma risk communication intervention.

METHODS

Using qualitative methods, interviews of parents of children with asthma were conducted. The open-ended, semi-structured interview guide included questions about current mobile technology use, barriers to controller medication adherence, and preferences for methods and content of a mobile technology based asthma risk communication intervention. Using grounded theory methodology, we coded the transcripts and identified emerging themes.

RESULTS

20 parents of children with asthma completed interviews. 80% had public insurance. 40% had been in the ICU for their asthma at some point. 35% were currently on a combined ICS/LABA. 3 major themes were identified: Room for improvement/welcoming help, distinct preferences for risk communication, and electronic reachability. Room for improvement/welcoming help includes caretakers recognizing that busy lifestyles contribute to adherence challenges and welcoming a program to help them manage their child’s asthma. Distinct preferences for risk communication includes a need for two-way communication, preference for electronic communication as well as acceptable communication frequency. Electronic reachability includes parents’ electronic habits and specific preferences for electronic communication.

CONCLUSIONS

Parents of children with asthma are open to communicating with asthma healthcare providers through mobile technology. There is a strong preference for two-way communication. This will inform the development of future mobile technology based interventions to improve care for children with asthma.

CLINICALTRIAL

NA
Using a Virtual Reality Social Network During Awake Craniotomy to Map Social Cognition: Prospective Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Bernard Florian , Lemée Jean-Michel , Aubin Ghislaine , Ter Minassian Aram , Menei Philippe
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

In awake craniotomy, it is possible to temporarily inactivate regions of the brain using direct electrical stimulation, while the patient performs neuropsychological tasks. If the patient shows decreased performance in a given task, the neurosurgeon will not remove these regions, so as to maintain all brain functions.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of our study was to describe our experience of using a virtual reality (VR) social network during awake craniotomy and discuss its future applications for perioperative mapping of nonverbal language, empathy, and theory of mind.

METHODS

This was a single-center, prospective, unblinded trial. During wound closure, different VR experiences with a VR headset were proposed to the patient. This project sought to explore interactions with the neuropsychologist’s avatar in virtual locations using a VR social network as an available experience.

RESULTS

Three patients experienced VR. Despite some limitations due to patient positioning during the operation and the limitation of nonverbal cues inherent to the app, the neuropsychologist, as an avatar, could communicate with the patient and explore gesture communication while wearing a VR headset.

CONCLUSIONS

With some improvements, VR social networks can be used in the near future to map social cognition during awake craniotomy.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03010943; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03010943 (Archived at WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/70CYDil0P)
Participant Recruitment and Retention in Remote eHealth Intervention Trials: Methods and Lessons Learned From a Large Randomized Controlled Trial of Two Web-Based Smoking Interventions (Preprint)
Authors: Watson Noreen L , Mull Kristin E , Heffner Jaimee L , McClure Jennifer B , Bricker Jonathan B
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

Despite having many advantages, online eHealth trials are not without challenges—notably, participant recruitment, and outcome data retention. Moreover, publications from these trials rarely provide detailed information on the methods used for recruitment and retention or discuss implications of the methods for future studies.

OBJECTIVE

To address this need for empirical guidance regarding recruitment and outcome data retention planning, we aim to describe the methods and lessons learned from the recruitment and retention procedures used in a large randomized trial of 2 Web-based smoking cessation interventions.

METHODS

To ensure a demographically and geographically diverse participant sample, we used the recruitment strategies (1) traditional, (2) Web-based, and (3) online survey panel methods and adaptively modified each in response to recruitment success. At baseline, participants indicated how they heard about the study and answered demographic questions. To maximize trial retention at each of the 3-, 6-, and 12-month assessment points, 4 survey modalities (first Web, followed by phone, mail, and postcard) were sequentially timed over a 30-day period. Participants received US $25 for submitting their responses, regardless of modality, and received an additional US $10 bonus for completing the Web survey within 24h of electronic notification.

RESULTS

We randomized 2637 smokers in 16 months and achieved 88% retention at 12-months. Participants (79.26% female, 72.60% Caucasian) were recruited from all 50 states. The majority of participants were recruited through Facebook (49.43%), followed by the survey panel (20.85%), free internet sources (14.54%), traditional media (11.34%), and Google ads (3.84%). Descriptively, participant demographics varied by recruitment source. Of the completed follow-up surveys, most were completed by Web (92%). Retention rates did not vary by recruitment source.

CONCLUSIONS

Continuous monitoring and refinement of multiple recruitment methods, particularly of online advertising campaigns, allowed us to maximize the effectiveness of recruitment strategies in recruiting a large, diverse sample of smokers. Likewise, offering multiple follow-up survey modalities in sequential order along with time-dependent bonus incentives enabled us to obtain outcome data from a very high level of enrolled participants for the duration of the trial protocol. These strategies may be similarly useful in other trials.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01812278; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01812278 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/71gy5GLvO)
Pulmonary Embolism in Patient with Atrial Septal Defect and Deep Vein Thrombotic, The Case Report
Authors: M., et al Suryantoro
Published: March 2018

Pulmonary Embolism in Patient with Atrial Septal Defect and Deep Vein Thrombotic, The Case Report
Rehabilitation Program in a Patient Undergoing Mitral and Aortic Valve Replacement Surgery
Authors: Rio Purwati Pole , Ismail Muhamad Taufik , Arso Irsad Andi
Published: March 2018

Heart disease due to valvular anomaly has increased prevalence along with increasing age. The operative management including reparation or substitution with prosthetic valve is the main therapy. Still becoming question mark either rehabilitation program is benefcience for patient undergoing valvular surgery. We report a patient with heart failure due to valvular heart disease and underwent double valve replacement surgery. Cardiac rehabilitation phase 1 and phase 2 was done. Patient feel physical condition is much better than before.
Studi komparasi beberapa metode skrining penilaian status gizi pada pasien dewasa rawat inap rumah sakit
Authors: Andini Rizki , Susetyowati Susetyowati , Sulistyoningrum Dian Caturini
Published: March 2018

Background: It is necessary to diagnose level of malnutrition in hospitalized patient to give optimal nutrition support. Many different nutrition screening assessment have been developed. In Indonesia, Simple Nutrition Screening Tool (SNST) that had been used in same hospital and the result was good enough in validity-realibility.Objective: To assessed that SNST were simple and practical nutrition screening tool for detecting level of malnutrition in different type of hospitalized patient.Method: Observational cross-sectional design with total of sampling two hundred and eighty seven adult patients from 2nd and 3rd class of surgical, internal, or neurology ward of RSUD Sleman. Independent variables are SNST, Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS) 2002, Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), and Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST). Dependent variables are Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), body mass index (BMI), mid upper arm circumference (MUAC), and hemoglobin (Hb). Receive Operating Curve (ROC) were used for measuring validity of each screening tools. The proportion difference between at-risk group and not at-risk group was assessed by Chi-square test. The mean difference of BMI, MUAC, and Hb between both of group was assessed by independent sample t-test.Results: SNST has highest validity compared to NRS-2002, MST, and MUST with Sensitivity 99,0%, Specificity 84,5 and Area Under Curve (AUC) 0,917. Based on SNST, the proportion difference of at-risk group and not at-risk group between surgical patients and internal-neurology patients was statistically significant (p<0,05); the proportion difference of at-risk group and not at-risk group between young adult, adult, and elderly patients was statistically significant (p<0,05); the mean difference of BMI, MUAC, and Hb between at-risk group and not at-risk group was also statistically significant (p<0,05).Conclusion: All of the nutrition screening tools can be used as predictor of malnutrition in hospitalized patients but, the SNST has the best validity as a nutrition screening to predict malnutrition.
Do signo ao texto, da língua ao discurso: de Saussure a Charaudeau
Authors: Rebello Ilana Silva
Published: March 2018

do conceito de signo linguístico postulado por Saussure para, a partir dessa abordagem, visitar outras que aprofundaram e ampliaram os estudos do linguista suíço, como as definições arroladas por Hjelmslev, Ullmann e Pottier. Após essa abordagem estruturalista, num segundo momento, busca-se um vínculo entre as ideais de Saussure e as propostas pelo analista do discurso, Patrick Charaudeau, na distinção entre sentido de língua e sentido de discurso. Este estudo é importante, tendo em vista que a problemática envolvendo a leitura de qualquer texto, ou seja, a atividade “da língua ao discurso” passa, inevitavelmente, pela concepção do signo linguístico, que recebe enfoques distintos, em variadas correntes. ---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/gragoata.2017n44a1002
O ponto de vista do Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo sobre Saussure
Authors: Leite Evandro Gonçalves , Pereira Regina Celi Mendes , Barbosa Maria Do Socorro Maia Fernandes
Published: March 2018

Passados cem anos da publicação do Curso de Linguística Geral, os estudos linguísticos têm voltado atenção para a importância e a relativa atualidade do pensamento de Ferdinand de Saussure para a consolidação da linguística como ciência e para disciplinas nesse campo científico. Este trabalho, nessa direção, tem o objetivo de apresentar algumas contribuições do pensamento de Saussure para o Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo, especialmente na explicação do desenvolvimento humano. Consiste numa revisão bibliográfica de textos representativos do Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo que tratam da ressignificação e da integração de teses saussurianas a esse quadro teórico. Os textos apontam que há um processo de (re)descoberta de textos fundamentais de Saussure (manuscritos e notas), que, conjuntamente aos já largamente conhecidos, como o Curso de Linguística Geral, têm provocado reavaliações e ampliações de algumas de suas teses, relacionadas à linguística da fala, à língua como sistema social e, sobretudo, ao signo linguístico, suas características e seu papel no desenvolvimento humano nos planos filogenético e ontogenético. ---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/gragoata.2017n44a1005
O que há para ultrapassar na noção saussuriana de signo? De Saussure a Benveniste
Authors: Flores Valdir Do Nascimento
Published: March 2018

Este trabalho busca examinar os efeitos do pensamento de Ferdinand de Saussure na elaboração teórica de Émile Benveniste a partir de uma noção específica: a de signo linguístico. Muitos já se dedicaram a essa discussão e, quase sempre, o viés assumido enfoca a questão da arbitrariedade. O ponto de partida é, geralmente, o artigo de Benveniste, de 1939, “Nature du signe linguistique”, no qual é desenvolvida uma crítica à demonstração da arbitrariedade presente no Curso de linguística geral (CLG). Procura-se aqui, no entanto, outro viés de abordagem: compreender como opera a crítica de Benveniste na constituição de uma abordagem própria da questão. Desenvolve-se a hipótese de que Benveniste, embora admita a noção de signo de Saussure, a reformula de forma a propor um entendimento próprio da noção de signo linguístico. Enfim, há elementos para se supor que Benveniste inclui a visão saussuriana de signo na elaboração de uma visão própria do signo linguístico, sem, no entanto, conservá-la na íntegra. ---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/gragoata.2017n44a969
Uma teoria da enunciação: Benveniste e Greimas
Authors: Fiorin Jose Luiz
Published: March 2018

Benveniste formula uma teoria da enunciação, que a concebe como uma instância de mediação entre a língua e a fala. Greimas, na Semântica estrutural, diz que seria necessário, para efetuar uma boa descrição semântica, normalizar o texto, isto é, eliminar dele as categorias da enunciação. Nesse momento, Greimas não tem nenhuma teoria da enunciação. Ela vai aparecer, de forma mais acabada, no Dicionário I, em que ele explicitamente se mostra herdeiro de Benveniste. Greimas herdou de Benveniste uma teoria da enunciação. No entanto, ele reformulou-a para explicitar a construção do texto, precisou-a com a operação de debreagem enunciativa e enunciva e ampliou-a com as operações de embreagem e convocação. Embora tenha herdado de Benveniste sua teoria da enunciação, Greimas deu-lhe uma dimensão que não tinha naquele autor. ---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/gragoata.2017n44a983
The Implementation of British Parliamentary Debate Style Training to Improve Second Semester Student’s Speaking Ability at English Education Study Program of Baturaja University
Authors: Yulia Henny , Aprilita Nanda
Published: March 2018

The problem of this study was concerned with British Parliamentary Debate Style Training to improve second semester students’ speaking ability at English Education Study Program at Baturaja University. The objective of this study was to find out whether it was significantly effective or not to implement British Parliamentary Debate Style Training to improve second semester students’ speaking ability at English Education Study Program at Baturaja University. This study used pre experimental design covered pre test before the treatment and post test after the treatment. The second semester students of English Education Study Program at Baturaja University were the population. The number of the population was 18 students. The researcher took class A as a sample by using cluster random sampling. Based on the calculation, the sample of the study was 12 students and the significance level (α = 0.05). The result of paired t test has value of ttest (5.033) was more than the value of ttabel (2.2009) with df = 12-1 = 11. The value of Sig. (2-tailed) was 0.000 lower than the value of significance level (α = 0.05). This result showed that the alternative Hypostudy (Ha) was accepted. It meant that British Parliamentary Debate Style Training could improve second semester students’ speaking ability of English Education Study Program.

Keywords: Speaking, Implementation, Debate, Baturaja University.