bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Etomidate and propylene glycol activate nociceptive TRP ion channels
Authors: Niedermirtl Florian , Eberhardt Mirjam , Namer Barbara , Leffler Andreas , Nau Carla , Reeh Peter W , Kistner Katrin
Published: October 2018

Background

Etomidate is a preferred drug for the induction of general anesthesia in cardiovascular risk patients. As with propofol and other perioperatively used anesthetics, the application of aqueous etomidate formulations causes an intensive burning pain upon injection. Such algogenic properties of etomidate have been attributed to the solubilizer propylene glycol which represents 35% of the solution administered clinically. The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms which lead to injection pain of aqueous etomidate formulations.

Results

Activation of the nociceptive transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels TRPA1 and TRPV1 was studied in a transfected HEK293t cell line by whole-cell voltage clamp recordings of induced inward ion currents. Calcium influx in sensory neurons of wild-type and trp knockout mice was ratiometrically measured by Fura2-AM staining. Stimulated calcitonin gene-related peptide release from mouse sciatic nerves was detected by enzyme immunoassay. Painfulness of different etomidate formulations was tested in a translational human pain model. Etomidate as well as propylene glycol proved to be effective agonists of TRPA1 and TRPV1 ion channels at clinically relevant concentrations. Etomidate consistently activated TRPA1, but there was also evidence for a contribution of TRPV1 in dependence of drug concentration ranges and species specificities. Distinct N-terminal cysteine and lysine residues seemed to mediate gating of TRPA1, although the electrophile scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine did not prevent its activation by etomidate. Propylene glycol-induced activation of TRPA1 and TRPV1 appeared independent of the concomitant high osmolarity. Intradermal injections of etomidate as well as propylene glycol evoked severe burning pain in the human pain model that was absent with emulsification of etomidate.

Conclusions

Data in our study provided evidence that pain upon injection of clinical aqueous etomidate formulations is not an unspecific effect of hyperosmolarity but rather due to a specific action mediated by activated nociceptive TRPA1 and TRPV1 ion channels in sensory neurons.
Discrepancies in interpretation of night-time emergency computed tomography scans by radiology residents
Authors: Vaattovaara Elias , Nikki Marko , Nevalainen Mika , Ilmarinen Mervi , Tervonen Osmo
Published: October 2018

Background

In many emergency radiology units, most of the night-time work is performed by radiology residents. Residents’ preliminary reports are typically reviewed by an attending radiologist. Accordingly, it is known that discrepancies in these preliminary reports exist.

Purpose

To evaluate the quality of night-time computed tomography (CT) interpretations made by radiology residents in the emergency department.

Material and Methods

Retrospectively, 1463 initial night-time CT interpretations given by a radiology resident were compared to the subspecialist’s re-interpretation given the following weekday. All discrepancies were recorded and classified into different groups regarding their possible adverse effect for the emergency treatment. The rate of discrepancies was compared between more and less experienced residents and between different anatomical regions.

Results

The overall rate of misinterpretations was low. In 2.3% (33/1463) of all night-time CT interpretations, an important and clinically relevant diagnosis was missed. No fatalities occurred due to CT misinterpretations during the study. The total rate of discrepancies including clinically irrelevant findings such as anatomical variations was 12.2% (179/1463). Less experienced residents were more likely to miss the correct diagnosis than more experienced residents (18.3% vs. 10.9%, odds ratio [OR] = 1.82, P = 0.001). Discrepancies were more common in body CT interpretations than in neurological CTs (18.1% vs. 9.1%, OR = 2.30, P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

The rate of clinically important misinterpretations in CT examinations by radiology residents was found to be low. Experience helps in lowering the rate of misinterpretations.
Endoscopic Management of Lacrimal System Dysgenesis and Dacryocystoceles in Fraser Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Falls Megan E. , Rabinowitz Michael P. , Carrasco Jacqueline R. , Rabinowitz Mindy R.
Published: October 2018

Background

Fraser syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized primarily by syndactyly, cryptophthalmos, urinary tract anomalies, ambiguous genitalia, and laryngeal anomalies. A 28-year-old man with Fraser syndrome presented with cryptophthalmos, microphthalmia, lacrimal system dysgenesis, and chronic sinusitis.

Objective

The patients’ clinical condition and surgical treatment are described. A literature review was conducted, and articles relevant to the case are presented.

Methods

Case report.

Results

To our knowledge, this is the first published case report of endonasal management of dacryocystoceles in a Fraser syndrome patient. The patient was treated via endoscopic endonasal marsupialization and drainage.

Conclusion

Fraser syndrome patients may initially present to many different specialties as the spectrum of clinical manifestations is broad. Physicians treating these patients should take a collaborative approach to surgical and medical management.
High-resolution architecture and partner genes of MYC rearrangements in lymphoma with DLBCL morphology
Authors: Chong Lauren C. , Ben-Neriah Susana , Slack Graham W. , Freeman Ciara , Ennishi Daisuke , Mottok Anja , Collinge Brett , Abrisqueta Pau , Farinha Pedro , Boyle Merrill , Meissner Barbara , Kridel Robert , Gerrie Alina S. , Villa Diego , Savage Kerry J. , Sehn Laurie H. , Siebert Reiner , Morin Ryan D. , Gascoyne Randy D. , Marra Marco A. , Connors Joseph M. , Mungall Andrew J. , Steidl Christian , Scott David W.
Published: October 2018

Genomic rearrangements in the MYC locus occur in ∼12% of lymphomas with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) morphology and are associated with inferior outcome. Previous studies exploring MYC rearrangements have primarily used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays to characterize break-apart status but have rarely examined breakpoint location, and in some cases have not examined partner identity. We performed targeted sequencing of MYC, BCL2, BCL6, and the immunoglobulin (IG) loci in 112 tumors with DLBCL morphology harboring MYC rearrangement. We characterized the location of the MYC rearrangement at base pair resolution and identified the partner in 88 cases. We observed a cluster of breakpoints upstream of the MYC coding region and in intron 1 (the “genic cluster”). Genic cluster rearrangements were enriched for translocations involving IGH (80%), whereas nongenic rearrangements occurred mostly downstream of the MYC gene with a variety of partners, including IGL and IGK. Other recurrent partners included BCL6, ZCCHC7, and RFTN1, which has not previously been described as a MYC partner. We compared 2 commercially available FISH break-apart assays for the MYC locus and observed discordant results in 32% of cases examined, including some with MYC-IGL and MYC-IGK rearrangements. In cases of high-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangement (HGBL-DH), so-called “double-hit” lymphomas, the majority of MYC rearrangements had non-IG partners (65%), with breakpoints outside the genic cluster (72%). In patients with de novo HGBL-DH of DLBCL morphology, MYC-IG rearrangements showed a trend toward inferior time to progression and overall survival compared with MYC–non-IG rearrangements. Our data reveal clinically relevant architecture of MYC rearrangements in lymphomas with DLBCL morphology.
Visual biofeedback training reduces quantitative drugs index scores associated with fall risk
Authors: Anson Eric , Thompson Elizabeth , Karpen Samuel C. , Odle Brian L. , Seier Edith , Jeka John , Panus Peter C.
Published: October 2018

Objective

Drugs increase fall risk and decrease performance on balance and mobility tests. Conversely, whether biofeedback training to reduce fall risk also decreases scores on a published drug-based fall risk index has not been documented. Forty-eight community-dwelling older adults underwent either treadmill gait training plus visual feedback (+VFB), or walked on a treadmill without feedback. The Quantitative Drug Index (QDI) was derived from each participant’s drug list and is based upon all cause drug-associated fall risk. Analysis of covariance assessed changes in the QDI during the study, and data is presented as mean ± standard error of the mean.

Results

The QDI scores decreased significantly (p = 0.031) for participants receiving treadmill gait training +VFB (− 0.259 ± 0.207), compared to participants who walked on the treadmill without VFB (0.463 ± 0.246). Changes in participants QDI scores were dependent in part upon their age, which was a significant covariate (p = 0.007). These preliminary results demonstrate that rehabilitation to reduce fall risk may also decrease use of drugs associated with falls. Determination of which drugs or drug classes that contribute to the reduction in QDI scores for participants receiving treadmill gait training +VFB, compared to treadmill walking only, will require a larger participant investigation.

Trial Registration ISRNCT01690611, ClinicalTrials.gov #366151-1, initial 9/24/2012, completed 4/21/2016
Deciphering function of the pulmonary arterial sphincters in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta)
Authors: García-Párraga Daniel , Lorenzo Teresa , Wang Tobias , Ortiz Jose Luis , Ortega Joaquín , Crespo-Picazo Jose Luis , Cortijo Julio , Fahlman Andreas
Published: October 2018

To provide new insight to the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying gas emboli (GE) in bycaught loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta), the present study investigated the vasoactive characteristics of the pulmonary and systemic arteries, and the lung parenchyma (LP). Tissues were opportunistically excised from recently dead animals for in vitro studies of vasoactive responses to four different neurotransmitters: acetylcholine (ACh, parasympathetic), serotonin (5HT), epinephrine (Epi, sympathetic) and histamine. The significant amount of smooth muscle in the LP contracted in response to ACh, Epi and histamine. The intrapulmonary and systemic arteries contracted under both parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation and when exposed to 5HT. However, proximal extrapulmonary arterial (PEPA) sections contracted in response to ACh and 5HT, while Epi caused relaxation. In sea turtles, the relaxation in the pulmonary artery was particularly pronounced at the level of the pulmonary artery sphincter (PASp) where the vessel wall was highly muscular. For comparison, we also studied tissue response in freshwater sliders turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans). Both PEPA and LP from freshwater sliders contracted in response to 5HT, ACh and conversely to sea turtles, also under Epi. We propose that in sea turtles the dive response (parasympathetic tone) constricts the PEPA, LP and PASp, causing a pulmonary shunt, limiting gas uptake at depth, which reduces the risk of GE during long and deep dives. Elevated sympathetic tone caused by forced submersion during entanglement with fishing gear increases the pulmonary blood flow causing an increase in N2 uptake, potentially leading to the formation of blood and tissue GE at the surface. These findings provide potential physiological and anatomical explanations on how these animals have evolved a cardiac shunt pattern that regulates gas exchange during deep and prolonged diving.
Contraction speed and type influences rapid utilisation of available muscle force: neural and contractile mechanisms
Authors: Tillin Neale A. , Pain Matthew T. G. , Folland Jonathan P.
Published: October 2018

This study investigated the influence of contraction speed and type on the human ability to rapidly increase torque and utilise the available maximum voluntary torque (MVT) as well as the neuromuscular mechanisms underpinning any effects. Fifteen young, healthy males completed explosive-voluntary knee-extensions in five conditions: isometric (ISO), and both concentric and eccentric at two constant accelerations of 500°.s−2 (CONSLOW and ECCSLOW) and 2000°.s−2 (CONFAST and ECCFAST). Explosive torque and quadriceps EMG were recorded every 25 ms up to 150 ms from their respective onsets and normalised to the available MVT and EMG at MVT, respectively, specific to that joint angle and velocity. Neural efficacy (explosive Voluntary:Evoked octet torque) was also measured, and torque data were entered into a Hill-type muscle model to estimate muscle performance. Explosive torques normalised to MVT (and normalised muscle forces) were greatest in the concentric, followed by isometric, and eccentric conditions; and in the fast compared with slow speeds within the same contraction type (CONFAST>CONSLOW>ISO, and ECCFAST>ECCSLOW). Normalised explosive-phase EMG and neural efficacy were greatest in concentric, followed by isometric and eccentric conditions, but were similar for fast and slow contractions of the same type. Thus, distinct neuromuscular activation appeared to explain the effect of contraction type but not speed on normalised explosive torque, suggesting the speed effect is an intrinsic contractile property. These results provide novel evidence that the ability to rapidly increase torque/force and utilise the available MVT is influenced by both contraction type and speed, due to neural and contractile mechanisms, respectively.
Embryonic zebrafish xenograft assay of human cancer metastasis
Authors: Hill David , Chen Lanpeng , Snaar-Jagalska Ewe , Chaudhry Bill
Published: October 2018

Cancer metastasis is the most important prognostic factor determining patient survival, but currently there are very few drugs or therapies that specifically inhibit the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. Currently, human cancer metastasis is largely studied using transgenic and immunocompromised mouse xenograft models, which are useful for analysing end-point tumour growth but are unable to accurately and reliably monitor in vivo invasion, intravasation, extravasation or secondary tumour formation of human cancer cells. Furthermore, limits in our ability to accurately monitor early stages of tumour growth and detect micro-metastases likely results in pain and suffering to the mice used for cancer xenograft experiments. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos, however, offer many advantages as a model system for studying the complex, multi-step processes involved during cancer metastasis. This article describes a detailed method for the analysis of human cancer cell invasion and metastasis in zebrafish embryos before they reach protected status at 5 days post fertilisation. Results demonstrate that human cancer cells actively invade within a zebrafish microenvironment, and form metastatic tumours at secondary tissue sites, suggesting that the mechanisms involved during the different stages of metastasis are conserved between humans and zebrafish, supporting the use of zebrafish embryos as a viable model of human cancer metastasis. We suggest that the embryonic zebrafish xenograft model of human cancer is a tractable laboratory model that can be used to understand cancer biology, and as a direct replacement of mice for the analysis of drugs that target cancer invasion and metastasis.
The Inmate Assignment and Scheduling Problem and Its Application in the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections
Authors: Shahabsafa Mohammad , Terlaky Tamás , Gudapati Naga Venkata Chaitanya , Sharma Anshul , Wilson George R. , Plebani Louis J. , Bucklen Kristofer B.
Published: October 2018

The authors developed a hierarchical, multiobjective mixed-integer linear optimization model, which assigns inmates to correctional institutions and schedules their programs, while considering best practices and all legal restrictions.
Outcome-Driven Personalized Treatment Design for Managing Diabetes
Authors: Lee Eva K. , Wei Xin , Baker-Witt Fran , Wright Michael D. , Quarshie Alexander
Published: October 2018

The authors developed a model that incorporates two mathematical innovations for designing a personalized treatment plan tailored specifically to a diabetes patient’s unique dose-effect characteristics.
Telecoaching programme for type 2 diabetes control: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: de Vasconcelos Hérica Cristina Alves , Lira Neto José Claudio Garcia , de Araújo Márcio Flávio Moura , Carvalho Gerdane Celene Nunes , de Souza Teixeira Carla Regina , de Freitas Roberto Wagner Júnior Freire , Damasceno Marta Maria Coelho
Published: October 2018

Background:

People with diabetes have a high risk of developing micro and macrovascular complications that increase treatment costs and shorten life expectancy. Telecoaching programmes can improve short-term control of diabetes and reduce disease burden.

Aims:

To analyse the effect of a health telecoaching programme in the control of type 2 diabetes.

Methods:

A pragmatic clinical trial was carried out. Thirty-one patients with type 2 diabetes were divided into control and intervention groups. The control group received usual nursing care, and those in the intervention group received usual care and telecoaching for 24 weeks.

Findings:

The intervention group improved: measurements of abdominal circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and body mass index; variables related to glycaemic control (fasting venous glucose and glycated haemoglobin/HbA1c); and high-density lipoprotein levels.

Conclusion:

The data indicate that telecoaching is an effective tool for diabetes management. It is recommended that the study should be developed to include more people and run over the long term.
Evaluation of a device to improve non-coring needle insertion into implanted intravenous ports
Authors: Barton Andrew , Pamment Keith , Fitzpatrick Dennis
Published: October 2018

Implanted intravenous ports (IPs) are increasingly used in health care. The experience of having IPs accessed can vary a great deal for patients. Successful IP access depends on the experience and skill of the health professional and wrongly positioned attempts are not only painful for the patient but can also cause damage to the outer casing of the IP. The more skin punctures made over the port, the higher the risk of infection in the subcutaneous tissue. The Portacator is a sterile, single-use product that sits on the skin over the IP insertion site. Its purpose is to enable the successful insertion of a non-coring needle into the centre of the IP. The device's efficacy was investigated using a port test rig and by conducting a clinical evaluation in two hospital units that support patients with IPs who require regular IV therapy infusions for long-term illness. The device provides an easy reference for central non-coring needle insertion, and users were able to insert the needle closer to the port chamber centre when using the device as only two fingers are used to hold it in place, which gave them a less obstructed view of the site. The device improved the rates of first-time IP puncture success with a non-coring needle. Patient satisfaction increased as they were more confident insertion would be successful first time so they would experience less pain. Nurses felt better supported and more confident they could achieve success at their first attempt at IP access using the device.
Applications of Aquaponics on Pakcoy (Brassica Rapa L) and Nila Fish (Oreochromis Niloticus) to the Concentration of Ammonia, Nitrite, and Nitrate
Authors: Deswati Deswati , Febriani Niki , Pardi Hilfi , Yusuf Yulizar , Suyani Hamzar
Published: October 2018

To meet the consumption needs of fish and vegetables by utilizing a narrow urban land it can be used an aquaponic system. The aquaponic system is an integration of fish farming with hydroponic cultivation that utilizes the remains of feed and fish waste into nutrients for plants with the help of nitrifying bacteria. In this study used tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L). Determination of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate concentration aims to find the ammonia change to nitrite and nitrate in fish ponds, biofilter, and hydroponic sequences, and their absorption by plants. The ammonia concentration at three sampling points (3.231-8.989) mg/L and has exceeded the threshold of 0.02 mg/L, while for ammonia concentrations in each sample of pakcoy plant (558.563-2,001.659)mg/Kg. The concentration of nitrite (0.008-0.760)mg/L and has exceeded the standard quality threshold of 0.06 mg/L, except in the 0 day water sample sample 0.009 mg/ L and the water sample after the biofilter 0.008 mg/L, the concentration of nitrite pakcoy plant (3.764-12.321)mg/Kg. Nitrate concentration in water sample (1.046-2.275)mg/L, and still below the standard threshold of freshwater aquaculture (20-30)mg/L, nitrate concentration in pakcoy plant (4,890.09-12,864.7)mg/Kg. Ammonia and nitrite concentrations have exceeded the threshold, while nitrate concentrations are still below the threshold.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of New Imides and Schiff Bases Derived from Ethyl -4-Amino Benzoate
Authors: S. Ahmed Wurood , A. Razzak Mahmood Ammar , Al-Bayati Redha I.
Published: October 2018

A series of disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives, including imides and Schiff bases, was achieved from the starting material, ethyl-4-aminobenzoate, which was converted to the corresponding 4-aminobenzohydrazide (1), by its reaction with hydrazine hydrate in absolute ethanol. Two oxadiazole parent nuclei had been synthesized from (1), the first nucleus 5-(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-amine(2), and the second is 5-(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione (3). Compound (2) Obtained from stirring methanolic solution of (1) with cyanogen bromide (CNBr) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) at RT. While compound (3) was synthesized by refluxing of (1) with CS2 in the presence of (KOH), the produced potassium salt of hydrazide underwent cyclization by acidification with 10% HCl. Meanwhile, the cyclic imides derivatives (4-6) and (10-12) were synthesized by thermal fusion of (2) or (3) with acid anhydrides, While Schiffʼs bases derivatives (7-9) and (13-15) were synthesized by a conventional method involved refluxing of (2) or (3) with different aromatic aldehydes, in acidic medium (using glacial acetic acid). The new derivatives had been tested against three Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, and Bacillus pumilus), and two Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli),and two fungal species: (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans). Among the synthesized derivatives, compound (15) displayed a moderate to potent antibacterial activity, against different (Gram- positive and Gram- negative) bacteria, and also showed a slight to moderate antifungal activity.
Sylvia, a Memoir
Authors: Pinney Susanna
Published: October 2018

Susanna Pinney recalls her meetings with Sylvia Townsend Warner, first as a child in the 1950s, and then at greater length in the 1970s, when she was Warner’s typist for the Kingdoms of Elfin stories as well as her friend and a regular visitor. The memoir also touches on the author’s role as one of Warner’s literary executors (along with William Maxwell).
Admired, Belittled, Beloved: The Critical Reception of Sylvia Townsend Warner
Authors: Montefiore Jan
Published: October 2018

The article surveys, summarises and assesses the critical reception and cultural reputation of Sylvia Townsend Warner. It recalls the very limited role women writers played in Montefiore’s own university experience as a student of English and discusses their growing prominence in the 1980s and beyond under the influence of the feminism of that time and in particular of feminist publishing houses.
Two Poems: Two Stories
Authors: Stinton Judith
Published: October 2018

These two poems reflect on Sylvia Townsend Warner and her milieu. The first recalls an incident about Warner’s burial and the second concerns a later tenant of a house Warner rented in the 1930s.
History and Fantasy in The True Heart
Authors: Haenlein Lucy
Published: October 2018

The essay argues that Warner’s 1929 novel The True Heart explores the possibility of feminist fantasy within the context of historical realism. It considers the pressures exerted on the protagonist Sukey Bond by the constraints implicit within historical, classical, and religious contexts, and looks in particular at the gender implications of the novel’s debt to Apuleius’s narrative of Cupid and Psyche. The essay compares the ideas of emancipation in The True Heart with those in its predecessor Lolly Willowes.
Arte y negatividad: releyendo a Adorno
Authors: Vilar Gerard
Published: October 2018

La experiencia del arte en todas sus variedades tiene siempre una dimensión cognitiva. También las experiencias estéticas negativas la tienen, muy especialmente en el arte contemporáneo. Éstas pueden estar determinadas por el contenido y o los medios de la obra o por los efectos de la misma. Lo que da lugar a una variada tipología de experiencias del arte con uno o más aspectos negativos. La teoría estética de T.W. Adorno nos proporciona diversas herramientas para repensar esta variedad de la cognición artística. En la medida que se trata de una estética negativa, categorías de la misma como las de carácter enigmático, autonomía, resistencia o comunicación de lo incomunicable, nos ofrecen vías para entender el lugar de las experiencias negativas en el arte contemporáneo y su función cognitiva. Palabras-clave: experiencia estética; conocimiento artístico; Adorno.
Alcances y problemas del dialeteísmo
Authors: Tajer Diego
Published: October 2018

El dialeteísmo es la posición que afirma que hay contradicciones verdaderas. Este artículo versará sobre esa posición. En la primera sección, mencionaré los principales aportes que, en mi perspectiva, el dialeteísmo ha hecho a la lógica filosófica. En la segunda sección, analizaré el principal problema del dialeteísmo. En la tercera sección, mostraré que los argumentos a favor del dialeteísmo no llegan a establecer la verdad de esta posición. Finalmente, explicaré cuál es eltipo de paraconsistencia que considero adecuada y la compararé con la posición dialeteísta.
Evaluasi Program Pembelajaran di PAUD Inklusi dengan Model Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP)
Authors: Junanto Subar , Kusna Nur Arini Asmaul
Published: October 2018

The Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) evaluation model is commonly used to evaluate a program, including a learning program. This study aimed at assessing the implementation of the learning program in Inclusive Early Childhood Education (PAUD) using the CIPP model. This is a qualitative study at the Lazuardi Kamila GIS Surakarta Pre-kindergarten and Kindergarten. Data are collected through observation and interviews. The finding of the context evaluation showed that in the planning, the therapist and the teacher coordinated to determine the material. The input evaluation showed the availability of necessary facilities provided by the school. In the process evaluation showed that children with disabilities were educated in the same class and curriculum with other students and curriculum; only their assessment was made different as reflected in the IEP (Individualized Education Program). Product evaluation showed that Pra TK-TK Lazuardi Kamila GIS Surakarta has provided an inclusive education.[Evaluasi dengan model Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) digunakan untuk menilai sebuah program, termasuk program pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pembelajaran di sebuah Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) inklusif dengan menggunakan model evaluasi CIPP. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus di Pra TK dan TK Lazuardi Kamila Global Islamic School Surakarta. Metode pengambilan data meliputi observasi dan wawancara terhadap guru pendamping Khusus (GPK), guru kelas, dan kepala sekolah. Hasil evaluasi context menunjukkan bahwa pada aspek perencanaan pembelajaran, terapis dan guru berkoordinasi untuk menentukan materi yang akan diberikan ke siswa. Evaluasi input menunjukkan  ketersediaan sarana prasarana yang didukung oleh alat-alat dari Pelangi. Evaluasi proses menunjukkan pembelajaran antara peserta didik reguler dengan anak difabel disamakan dan hanya ketika evaluasi untuk anak difabel sesuai dengan IEP (Individualized Education Program) yang telah ditentukan terapis dan guru sentra. Evaluasi produk menunjukkan bahwa layanan inkusi telah dilakukan oleh  lembaga ini.]
Penser les transformations par la comparaison. Action publique, villes et instruments
Authors: Le Galès Patrick , Francou Lionel , Van Hollebeke Sarah
Published: October 2018

Patrick Le Galès est directeur de recherche au CNRS au Centre d’études européennes et de politique comparée de Sciences Po Paris, professeur de sociologie et de science politique à Sciences Po et doyen fondateur de l’École urbaine de Sciences Po.

Cet entretien a été réalisé par Lionel Francou, doctorant en sociologie à l’Université catholique de Louvain (boursier Anticipate-Innoviris), membre du Centre de recherches interdisciplinaires Démocratie, Institutions, Subjectivité (CRIDIS) et du Metrolab Brussels, et par Sarah Van Hollebeke, doctorante en sociologie (boursière FRESH-FNRS), à l’Université catholique de Louvain (CRIDIS/Metrolab Brussels), et en urbanisme à l’École nationale supérieure d’architecture de Grenoble (Centre de recherche sur l’espace sonore et l’environnement urbain).
Respiration Modulates Olfactory Memory Consolidation in Humans
Authors: Arshamian Artin , Iravani Behzad , Majid Asifa , Lundström Johan N.
Published: October 2018

In mammals respiratory-locked hippocampal rhythms are implicated in the scaffolding and transfer of information between sensory and memory networks. These oscillations are entrained by nasal respiration and driven by the olfactory bulb. They then travel to the piriform cortex where they propagate further downstream to the hippocampus and modulate neural processes critical for memory formation. In humans, bypassing nasal airflow through mouth-breathing abolishes these rhythms and impacts encoding as well as recognition processes thereby reducing memory performance. It has been hypothesized that similar behavior should be observed for the consolidation process, the stage between encoding and recognition, were memory is reactivated and strengthened. However, direct evidence for such an effect is lacking in human and nonhuman animals. Here we tested this hypothesis by examining the effect of respiration on consolidation of episodic odor memory. In two separate sessions, female and male participants encoded odors followed by a 1 h awake resting consolidation phase where they either breathed solely through their nose or mouth. Immediately after the consolidation phase, memory for odors was tested. Recognition memory significantly increased during nasal respiration compared with mouth respiration during consolidation. These results provide the first evidence that respiration directly impacts consolidation of episodic events, and lends further support to the notion that core cognitive functions are modulated by the respiratory cycle.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMemories pass through three main stages in their development: encoding, consolidation, and retrieval. Growing evidence from animal and human studies suggests that respiration plays an important role in the behavioral and neural mechanisms associated with encoding and recognition. Specifically nasal, but not mouth, respiration entrains neural oscillations that enhance encoding and recognition processes. We demonstrate that respiration also affects the consolidation stage. Breathing through the nose compared with the mouth during consolidation enhances recognition memory. This demonstrates, first, that nasal respiration is important during the critical period were memories are reactivated and strengthened. Second, it suggests that the neural mechanisms responsible may emerge from nasal respiration.
An Inquiry-Based Investigation of Bacterial Soft Rot of Potato
Authors: Hirsch R. Louis , Miller Seth , Halterman Dennis
Published: October 2018

Inquiry-based investigations of diseases are often difficult to safely undertake in middle school or high school science courses. However, by utilizing potatoes as a mammalian analogue, important groups of pathogens can be investigated with common materials available from the local supermarket. This article provides information to guide the exploration of factors underlying the development of the potato disease bacterial soft rot, caused by Pectobacterium caratovorum, and allows students the freedom to develop and test their own hypotheses regarding the development of symptoms, the spread of pathogens, and the impact of host and environmental variables on the progress of disease.
Antibakteriyel gargara kullanımına bağlı diş renklenmesinin farklı beyazlatma teknikleri ile giderilmesi
Authors: ÇEVİK Pınar , ZOR Zeynep Fatma
Published: October 2018

Amaç: Diş renklenmeleri, içsel ve dışsal faktörlerden dolayı
oluşabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı çeşit gargara solüsyonlarının diş
yüzeyinde renklendirici etkisini değerlendirmek; antibakteriyel gargara
kullanımı sonrası renk değişimine uğramış diş yüzeyinde beyazlatıcı ajan ve
polisaj ajanlarının renk açıcı etkilerini kıyaslamaktır.Gereç ve Yöntemler:120 adet çekilmiş yirmi yaş dişi, kullanılan gargara
çeşidine göre (Izotonik, Klorhex, Batticon, Andorex) her bir grupta 30 örnek
olacak şekilde dört ayrı gruba ayrılmıştır. Her bir gargara grubu kullanılan
beyazlatıcı ajan, polisaj patı veya pomza uygulaması için 10’ar örnekli üç ayrı
alt gruba ayrılmıştır. Renk analizleri çalışma başında, gargara kullanımı
sonrası ve renk açıcı işlemler sonrasında dijital bir spektrofotometre
kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Örneklere ait ΔL*, Δa*, Δb* ve total ΔE verileri
kaydedilmiştir. Verilerin istatistiksel analizi, iki yönlü ve tek yönlü varyans
analizleri ile post-hoc testleri kullanılarak yapılmıştır (p<0.05).Bulgular:Batticon ve Andorex grupları Klorhex ve Izotonik
gruplarından anlamlı derecede yüksek renk değişimine neden olduğu gözlenmiştir.
Klorhex ve Izotonik grupları arasında renk değişimi açısından anlamlı bir fark
bulunamamıştır. Aynı gargara grupları içinde, beyazlatıcı sistem ile pomza
gruplarının renk açıcı etkisinin polisaj pastasına göre anlamı derecede yüksek
olduğu gözlenmiştir. Beyazlatıcı ajan ile pomza arasında renk değişimi
açısından anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır (p>0.05).Sonuçlar:Uzun süreli gargara kullanımı dişlerde farklı
renklenmelere sebep olabilir. Klinik açıdan, en az diş renklenmesine sebep
olacak antibakteriyel gargaranın önerilmesi faydalı olacaktır. Çalışmamıza
göre, hidrojen peroksit içerikli beyazlatma ajanı en yüksek renk açıcı etki
gösterse de pomza uygulamasının da gargara sorasında oluşacak diş
renklenmesinde renk açıcı kolay bir yöntem olarak tavsiye edilebileceği
söylenebilir. Anahtar Kelimeler:diş beyazlatma, dişte renk değişikliği, gargaralar
Integration Science and Religion: An Analysis in Islamic Higher Education
Authors: Nuryantini Ade Yeti
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe integration of Islamic values in the learning process at UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung has become the hallmark of the campus. The Islamic values integrated into the learning process by providing the verses from the Quran for the concepts studied. The aim of this study is to analyse the ability of students used to live in an Islamic boarding school (pesantren) and those who haven’t yet live in an Islamic boarding school in identifying the verses of al-Quran related to some concept of physics. The research was conducted through observation in classrooms and  analysis of students’ assignment on identifying. The results showed that generally students have a decent ability in identifying Qur'anic verses related to the concept of physics. The students' ability appeared not to be influenced by the pesantren educational background. However, largely students are not able to interpret the verses of the Qur'an related to the physics concept in depth. AbstrakIntegrasi nilai-nilai Islam dalam proses pembelajaran di UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung telah menjadi ciri khas kampus. Integrasi nilai-nilai Islam ke dalam proses pembelajaran dapat dilakukan dengan menghubungkan ayat-ayat al-Quran dengan konsep-konsep yang dipelajari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan Fisika yang pernah tinggal di pesantren dan yang tidak pernah tinggal di pesantren dalam mengidentifikasi ayat-ayat al-Quran terkait dengan konsep fisika. Penelitian dilakukan melalui observasi di ruang kelas dan analisis tugas yang dikumpulkan dari mahasiswa ketika mengidentifikasi ayat-ayat Al-Qur'an yang berkaitan dengan konsep  fisika. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan umumnya mahasiswa memiliki kemampuan yang layak dalam mengidentifikasi ayat-ayat Al-Qur'an yang berkaitan dengan konsep fisika.  Kemampuan mahasiswa tersebut tidak dipengaruhi oleh latar belakang pendidikan di pesantren. Namun, sebagian besar mahasiswa tidak mampu menafsirkan ayat-ayat Al Qur'an yang terkait dengan konsep fisika secara mendalam.
Factores psicológicos predictores de estilos* de vida saludable
Authors: Gómez-Acosta César Andres
Published: October 2018

Objetivo Presentar un modelo estadístico robusto que considere algunos factores psicológicos como predictores del estilo de vida saludable.Materiales y Métodos Se aplicó una batería compuesta por instrumentos validados para evaluar creencias y prácticas saludables, estilos de afrontamiento, salud mental positiva y autoeficacia percibida en una muestra de 570 estudiantes universitarios de Bogotá, Colombia. Con la información obtenida se desarrollaron análisis descriptivos, de varianza y correlacionales, así como un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales.Resultados Se identificaron altos puntajes en los factores psicológicos óptimos, en las creencias y en las prácticas saludables en la muestra, excepto para el ítem de práctica de actividad física, y en los factores de afrontamiento menos adaptativos. Así mismo, se encontraron diferencias significativas en la mayoría de las variables medidas, y correlaciones importantes entre los factores psicológicos adaptativos con las prácticas y creencias saludables indagadas. Por último, el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales que mostró mayor ajuste predice en un 89% la varianza de la salud mental positiva a partir de la interacción entre las variables afrontamiento dirigido al problema, satisfacción general, actitud pro social, habilidades sociales y autoeficacia; a su vez, la presencia de salud mental positiva, en interacción con las creencias saludables predice con un 63% la ocurrencia de estilos de vida saludables.Conclusión Aun cuando el modelo no es concluyente, puede brindar soporte empírico a las posibles intervenciones en salud a implementar en las instituciones de educación superior, basadas en el fortalecimiento de los factores psicológicos predictores.
NECROSIS OF THE FEMORAL HEAD AND HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Matos Marcos Almeida , Silva Luanne Lisle dos Santos , Alves Giordano Bruno , Alcântara Júnior Walter Silva de , Veiga Davi
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the impact of avascular necrosis of the femoral head on the quality of life of children and adolescents with Perthes disease and sickle cell disease. Methods: A comparative study including 24 children between eight and 18 years old with avascular necrosis of the femoral head secondary to Perthes disease and sickle cell disease (Group with Necrosis) and 24 children considered asymptomatic (Group without Necrosis). Clinical and sociodemographic data were collected and the PedsQL 4.0 and the Charnley score for hip dysfunction were applied. Results: There was no difference in the overall score and in any domain when comparing the Perthes group (global = 73.1) and the sickle cell disease group (global = 65.9). When comparing the groups with necrosis and without necrosis, the Perthes group had a lower overall score only for the Physical Functioning domain (87.5 versus 68.5); sickle cell disease group had a lower overall score (64.9 versus 79.4) and in the Physical Functioning (68.5 versus 87.5) and School Functioning (62.9 versus 73.7) domains. Conclusion: Avascular necrosis of the femoral head produces lower quality of life scores both in the global evaluation and in the domains Physical Functioning and School Functioning. Necrosis, bilateral lesion, and hip function were found to be associated with the loss of quality of life. Level of Evidence III, Sectional comparative study.
CORRELATION BETWEEN AHLBÄCK CLASSIFICATION AND GONARTHROSIS RISK FACTORS
Authors: Borges Paulo Alvim , Almeida Mauro Henrique José De , Araújo Lucas Moura , Fukuyama Junji Miller , Umada Fernando Yukio , Arab Miguel Gustavo Luz
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To demonstrate whether or not there is a correlation between the risk factors for gonarthrosis and the radiographic classification of Ahlbäck. Methods: We studied patients with primary gonarthrosis attended at the knee outpatient clinic of the General Hospital of Vila Penteado during their routine visit. We collected data on patient age (years), weight (kg), height (meters), body mass index (BMI = patient weight/height2), personal history of hypertension or diabetes mellitus (positive or negative), sedentarism (physical activity less than three times per week, 30 minutes per session), functional demand (how many blocks walked weekly), time of onset of symptoms (in years) and laterality or bilaterality. The data were correlated with the Ahlbäck classification applied to the radiographs performed at the time of the consultation. Results: A sample of 108 patients was studied. We did not find an association between the Ahlbäck classification and the patient's age, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, laterality, number of blocks walked per week, diabetes mellitus, and sex; however, a positive association was observed in hypertensive patients as well as a weak correlation with height and weight of the patient and moderate correlation with BMI. Conclusion: The Ahlbäck classification is unrelated to most of the risk factors for primary gonarthrosis. Level of evidence III, Case-control study.
BIOMECHANICAL COMPARISON OF MEDIAL VERSUS LATERAL SIDED PLATING IN FEMORAL FRACTURES
Authors: Al Firat , Tosun Bilgehan , Sinmazcelik Tamer , Ozmen Mustafa
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine whether the side of application of the plate itself affects the mechanical stability of the fixation. The specific question addressed is whether or not a lateral or medial plate application is biomechanically better, for the treatment of distal diaphysis fractures of the femur. Methods: Stability and stiffness of medial sided plating relative to the conventional lateral sided plating in distal diaphysis of the femur were measured by analyzing axial loading forces leading to implant failure. Sixty synthetic femurs were tested in physiological bending, to calculate the yield and ultimate load to displacement following fixation of distal diaphysis fractures of the femur by either medial or lateral sided plating. Axial loading was applied to samples using a uniaxial testing machine. Results: There was more implant deformation in the lateral sided plating group – a difference with statistical significance. Conclusion: Medial sided plating was found to be as stiff as lateral plating. Medial plating may be a reasonable treatment option that can be used safely in selected cases. Level of Evidence I, Therapeutic Studies Investigating the Results of Treatment
Engel Yasası’nın Türkiye Sınaması ve Gıda Talebinin Gelir Esnekliği: Gıda Harcamalarının Bütçe Payının Hane Profili ve Toplam Harcama ile İlişkisi (2003-2013)
Authors: AYKAÇ Gökhan
Published: October 2018

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de 2003-2013 yılları arasında gıda harcamalarının Engel Yasası sınaması ve gıda talebinin gelir esnekliği tahmin edilmekte ve farklı demografik özelliklere sahip hane profilleri ile gıda harcamalarının ilişkisi ortaya konmaktadır. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Hanehalkı Bütçe Anketi verileri kullanılarak, Working-Leser Modeli çerçevesinde, dilim regresyon yöntemi ile yapılan tahminler sonucunda, Türkiye’de anılan dönemde gıda talebinin gelir esnekliğinin 0,62-0,79 aralığında olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Gıdaya ayrılan bütçe payının daha yüksek olduğu koşullu dilimlerde, gıdanın gelir esnekliğinin daha düşük olduğu gözlenmiştir. Hane halklarının gıdaya ayırdıkları bütçe payının, hanehalkı reisinin yaşı, sosyal güvence durumu ve eğitim düzeyinin yanı sıra, hanenin yerleşim yeri ile ilişkili olduğu ortaya konulmaktadır. 2008 Yılı Krizinin olası etkileri ulaşılan sonuçlarda görülebilmektedir.
KAYNAŞTIRMA SINIFI ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN İLKOKUL DERS KİTAPLARINDA VE DERSLERDE İLLÜSTRASYON KULLANIMINA İLİŞKİN GÖRÜŞLERİ
Authors: SAZAK Elif , PER Meral , TÜRKER Orhun
Published: October 2018

İllüstrasyonlar, kitapların
temel unsurlarındandır. Ders kitaplarında kullanılan illüstrasyonlar özel
gereksinimli olan ve olmayan tüm öğrenciler için uygun olmalıdır. Bu
araştırmanın amacı, kaynaştırma sınıflarında görev yapan ilköğretim birinci
kademe birinci sınıf öğretmenlerinin ilkokul ders kitaplarında ve derslerde
illüstrasyon kullanımına ilişkin görüşlerinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırmaya,
Bolu ilinde, sınıfında özel gereksinimli öğrenci bulunan, ilkokul birinci
sınıf, 9 sınıf öğretmeni katılmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin toplanmasında
araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen Öğretmen Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve
yarı-yapılandırılmış sorulardan oluşan İllüstrasyon Kullanımı Görüş Formu
(İKGF) kullanılmıştır. Araştırma ile ilgili nitel verilerin çözümlenmesinde içerik
analizi teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonunda; öğretmenlerin
çoğunluğunun ilkokul ders kitaplarında illüstrasyonlara oldukça geniş bir
şekilde yer verildiğini, ancak bazı öğretmenler sınıf düzeyi arttıkça
illüstrasyon kullanım düzeyinin azaldığını belirtmişlerdir. Elde edilen
bulgular ışığında öğretmenlerin illüstrasyon kullanımına ilişkin sorunları ve
önerileri tartışılmıştır.
SMALL RUMINANTS AS A SOURCE OF FINANCIAL SECURITY AMONG WOMEN IN RURAL SOUTHWEST NIGERIA
Authors: Oluwatayo Isaac Busayo , Oluwatayo Titilayo Busayo
Published: October 2018

The important role played by small ruminants in the lives of households in developing countries cannot be overemphasized. Small ruminants provide the easiest and readily accessible source of credit available to meet immediate social and financial obligations. In rural southwest Nigeria, women are involved in managing small ruminants by feeding them kitchen waste, and sometimes allow them to graze on surrounding herbs and shrubs. Data for this study was collected through a structured questionnaire administered on a random sample of 450 women from southwest Nigeria. Analytical tools employed include descriptive statistics, regression model and the coping strategies use index (CSUI). A descriptive analysis of socioeconomic characteristics of respondents showed that the average age of the women was 48 years (with only about one-third having tertiary education) and the average household size was seven. The respondents’ distribution by the ruminants reared showed that goat was the most preferred because of its acceptability and marketability. However, the regression results showed that educational level, extension contact, experience in small ruminants’ rearing and cooperative membership enhanced the income from small ruminants’ husbandry. This paper therefore suggested that efforts should be geared at building the respondents’ capacity through education and ensuring more extension contact. Another suggestion is that women should come together to form cooperatives as this will assist in risk sharing, and provide them with better bargaining power and access to market information.