bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New species of Alona from South-East Russia and Mongolia related to Alona salina Alonso, 1996 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)
Authors: SINEV ARTEM Y. , ALONSO MIGUEL , SHEVELEVA NATALIA G.
Published: August 2019

Two new species of genus Alona Baird, 1843 were found in regions along the south-east border of Asian Russia. Alona irinae sp. nov. was found in a lake in the plain of the Zeya River, a north tributary of the Amur River, and in a lake in the steppe region along the West coast of Baikal. Alona floessneri sp. nov. inhabits saline lake Uvs-Nuur on the border of Russia and West Mongolia, and several other saline lakes of Mongolia. Both species share numerous affinities with each other and with the Iberian species Alona salina Alonso, 1996, but differ in the shape and armament of postabdomen, sculpture of carapace, and size. Detailed morphology of Alona salina, including that of juveniles, was studied for the first time. Studied species belong to the elegans-group of species, likely of generic rank, which include also A. elegans Kurz, 1875 and A. orellanai Alonso, 1996.
Description of a new Coelorinchus (Macrouridae, Gadiformes, Teleostei) from Taiwan, with notable new records of grenadiers from the South China Sea
Authors: IWAMOTO TOMIO , HO HSUAN-CHING , SHAO KWANG-TSAO
Published: August 2019

Among recent collections of grenadiers procured from fishery ports in northeastern Taiwan were ten specimens of an undescribed species of Coelorinchus, which we here describe as C. fuscigulus sp. nov. One of the specimens was recorded previously as C. cylindricus Iwamoto and Merrett, 1997, but that species differs from the new species most notably in having a complete bony support of the anterolateral snout margin, compared with margin incompletely supported. Other differences include proportional measurements (preoral length, orbit diameter, distance orbit to preopercle, postorbital length of head, length of upper jaw, and body depth), scale row counts, and body markings. Three other species (Coryphaenoides asper, Coelorinchus spinifer, Kumba gymnorhynchus) recently collected by deepwater trawls in the South China Sea are the second records for the species; specimen data are provided for these species.
Review of Pseudoaerumnosa Rudzinski (Diptera, Sciaridae), with the description of twenty-four new species
Authors: VILKAMAA PEKKA , HALENIUS PENTTI , ŠEVČÍK JAN
Published: August 2019

The genus Pseudoaerumnosa Rudzinski, 2006 is redefined. The genus includes the following species which are described, illustrated and keyed: Pseudoaerumnosa acinacea sp. n., P. ampliata sp. n., P. annae sp. n., P. awanensis sp. n., P. banari sp. n., P. clavidactyla sp. n., P. clivicola sp. n., P. collicola sp. n., P. consuota sp. n., P. cryptoloba sp. n., P. curvifalx sp. n., P. eminula sp. n., P. exacuta sp. n., P. filispicata sp. n., P. formosa sp. n., P. fragilis sp. n., P. impensa sp. n., P. inviolata Rudzinski, 2006, P. junciseta sp. n., P. obovata sp. n., P. pilicaudata sp. n., P. quadriquetra sp. n., P. saginata sp. n., P. tenuidens sp. n. and P. tkoci sp. n. Morphological characters and the phylogenetic position of Pseudoaerumnosa are discussed. For some species, the barcode (COI) sequence data were obtained. The genus is currently known from the Oriental (22 species), Malagasy (3 species) and Australasian regions (1 species).
The advertisement call of Allobates niputidea (Anura: Aromobatidae)
Authors: OSPINA-L. ANA MARÍA , MURILLO-BEDOYA DANIELA , GARCÍA-COBOS DANIELA , COLÓN-PIÑEIRO ZUANIA , ACOSTA-GALVIS ANDRÉS
Published: August 2019

In anurans, acoustic signal traits are useful for understanding patterns of evolutionary processes, behavioral interactions, and providing diagnostic characters for inferring phylogenetic relationships and delimiting species (Cocroft & Ryan 1995). The advertisement call, which is the vocalization emitted to attract females or segregate conspecific males, is the most conspicuous and studied acoustic signal (Toledo et. al. 2014). However, it remains unknown for many anuran species (Köhler et al. 2017; Guerra et al. 2018).
Two more new species of Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India
Authors: KHANDEKAR AKSHAY , THACKERAY TEJAS , AGARWAL ISHAN
Published: August 2019

We describe two new species of the gekkonid genus Cnemaspis from the northern Western Ghats in Maharashtra, India. Cnemaspis amba sp. nov. and C. koynaensis sp. nov. are members of the C. girii clade and differ genetically from each other and other members of the clade by ­7.9–19.6 % uncorrected ND2 sequence divergence. The two new species are also morphologically distinguishable from all regional congeners on the basis of condition of spine-like scales on flanks, heterogeneity of dorsal pholidosis, number of dorsal tubercle rows, number of tubercles in paravertebral rows, femoral pores, number of poreless scales between femoral pores in the precloacal-femoral scale row, and keeling and size of sub-caudal scales. Cnemaspis amba sp. nov. differs from C. koynaensis sp. nov. in lacking  spine-like scales on flanks and in the number of longitudinal ventral scales and  ventral scales across mid-body. Both species are known only from their mid-elevation (~800 m asl.) type localities. Discovery of two new species increases the total species of Northern Western Ghats (NWG) Cnemaspis to ten. Specific status of numerous genetically divergent lineages needs to be evaluated and it is likely that many more species remain to be discovered from the poorly explored NWG, which are typically considered low in species diversity relative to more southern regions. We also provide a table describing major diagnostic characters across all NWG Cnemaspis species and corrected type locality data for three recently named species—Cnemaspis ajijae, C. limayei and C. mahabali.
Review of genera of Sciomyzidae (Diptera: Acalyptratae) from China, with new records, synonyms, and notes on distribution
Authors: LI ZHU , YANG DING , MURPHY WILLIAM L.
Published: August 2019

The status of the 20 genera comprising at least 60 species of Sciomyzidae known from China is reviewed. Ten genera are recorded for the first time from China. A diagnostic key to all genera known from China is provided along with figures of the main characters. The geographic distribution of every genus known from China is discussed and distribution maps are presented. Recorded for the first time in the Oriental Region are 2 genera (Coremacera Rondani, 1856 and Pherbina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) and 5 species (in Dichetophora Rondani, 1868, Pherbellia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, and Tetanocera Duméril, 1800). Euthycera meleagris Hendel, 1933, previously synonymized with Dichetophora meleagris (Hendel, 1933), is resurrected as a valid name. Pherbellia brevistriata Li, Yang & Gu, 2001 is placed as a junior synonym of Pherbellia nana reticulata (Thomson, 1869). Reported for the first time are the female of Pherbellia ditoma Steyskal, 1956 and the male of Pherbellia orientalis Rozkošný & Knutson, 1991, both discovered in China during this study.
A new species of pitviper of the genus Bothrops (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) from the Central Andes of South America
Authors: TIMMS JUAN , CHAPARRO JUAN C. , VENEGAS PABLO J. , SALAZAR-VALENZUELA DAVID , SCROCCHI GUSTAVO , CUEVAS JAIRO , LEYNAUD GERARDO , CARRASCO PAOLA A.
Published: August 2019

We describe a new species of montane pitviper of the genus Bothrops from the Cordillera Oriental of the Central Andes, distributed from southern Peru to central Bolivia. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by the characteristic combination of a dorsal body color pattern consisting of triangular or subtriangular dark brown dorsal blotches, paired dark brown parallel occipital stripes, a conspicuous dark brown postocular stripe, the presence of canthorostrals in some specimens, prelacunal fused or partially fused with second supralabial, one scale usually separating internasals, rostral trapezoidal, two canthals oval to rounded, similar size or slightly larger than internasals, three or four medial intercanthals, eight to twelve intersupraoculars, intercanthals and intersupraoculars keeled and frequently slightly keeled, supraoculars oval, one to three suboculars, two to three postoculars, loreal subtriangular, two to six prefoveals, subfoveals absent, two or none postfoveals, one or two scales between suboculars and fourth supralabial, seven or eight supralabials, nine or eleven infralabials, 23–25 middorsal scales, 189–195 ventrals in females and 182–190 in males, 48–58 subcaudals in females and 54–63 in males, exceptionally undivided. The new species is apparently restricted to areas within Andean montane forests that are less humid and devoid of large trees.
Two echinoid species from the early Aptian (Early Cretaceous) of the Kopet-Dagh Basin, NE Iran
Authors: SCHLÜTER NILS , TAHERPOUR-KHALIL-ABAD MORTEZA , MAJIDIFARD MAHMOUDREZA , HASSANZADEH ZINAT , TAHERI JAFAR
Published: August 2019

Two echinoid species from the Sarcheshmeh Formation, early Aptian, Lower Cretaceous, of the Kopet-Dagh Basin, NE Iran, are described: a phymosomatoid specimen of Tetragramma sp., and the spatangoid echinoid Miotoxaster collegnii (Sismonda, 1844). This is the first report of echinoids from the Sarcheshmeh Formation from northeastern Iran.
Aphis (Hemiptera, Aphididae) species living on Baccharis (Asteraceae) in southern South America, with description of three new species
Authors: NAFRÍA JUAN MANUEL NIETO , ORTEGO JAIME , BROWN PAUL A. , CIRUELOS SARA I. LÓPEZ , DURANTE M. PILAR MIER
Published: August 2019

Aphid specimens belonging to the genus Aphis (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Aphidinae) collected on species of Baccharis (Asteraceae) in localities of Argentina and Chile, preserved in the Natural History Museum in London and in the Universidad de León collections, have been studied. They belong to six species: Aphis craccivora, Aphis gossypii and Aphis spiraecola, which are widely-distributed and polyphagous, and the new species: Aphis ingeborgae Nieto Nafría and Brown sp. n., Aphis conspicua Nieto Nafría and Mier Durante sp. n. and Aphis fuentesi Nieto Nafría and Ortego sp. n. which are here described from apterous and alate viviparous females, and also from oviparous females and males in the case of Aphis fuentesi. These six species plus the native and monophagous A. coridifoliae are those known in southern South America living on plants of Baccharis. Diagnostic features of new species and an identification key for apterous viviparous females of these seven species are presented.
Iberolygus n. gen., from the Iberian Peninsula (Hemiptera: Cimicomorpha: Miridae: Mirinae), with a new generic combination for Apolygus rubrostriatus (Wagner, 1971)
Authors: KIM JUNGGON , GOULA MARTA , ROCA-CUSACHS MARCOS , LIM JONGOK , KIM IL-KWON , JUNG SUNGHOON
Published: August 2019

A new genus, Iberolygus Kim, Goula & Jung, gen. nov. is described from the Iberian Peninsula to accommodate the species Apolygus rubrostriatus (Wagner, 1971) based on re-examination of Iberian specimens. Morphological information such as diagnosis and description of the Iberolygus gen. nov. and redescription of I. rubrostriatus comb. nov. is presented with photographs and illustrations.
Overcoming the crisis of disunity: Writers on a constitution for Europe
Authors: Lützeler Paul Michael
Published: August 2019

The topic of this paper is a retrospective of the history of literary discourse on Europe, from the Vienna Congress to the present. The Congress of Vienna was seen as a step back for European cooperation by contemporary authors like Saint-Simon, Schmidt-Phiseldek, Goerres and Mazzini. They understood that a constitution was the precondition for the future unity of a European federation. Later, new voices were heard in which the debate about a common constitution for Europe played a dominating role, and writings on Europe were published by Richard Graf Couldenhove-Kalergi, Heinrich Mann and Jules Romains. After WWII writers like Ernst Jünger and Reinhold Schneider pleaded for a continental constitution. After the common constitution was rejected in 2005, the debate on Europe gave way to other topics. Today, Robert Menasse believes the European crisis can be overcome by using regions (instead of nations) as the building blocks of a united Europe.
Reading the EU’s migration and security ‘crises’ through (South-)Eastern Europe
Authors: Stanivuković Senka Neuman , Neuman Marek
Published: August 2019

This article addresses contemporary thinking about EU crises from the locations of South-East and Eastern Europe. It asks how the European migration and security ‘crises’ have unfolded in institutional structures, political and public discourses, and people’s everyday experiences in South-Eastern and Eastern Europe. The analysis challenges the treatment of European crises as ontologically given, and calls for the adoption of critical conceptual and analytical approaches that study these crises outside European dis/order binarism. It exposes European crises as a privileged and conservative designation that normalizes European multiplicity within the teleology of a linear and spatially bound EU institutional order.
Does the Community College Pathway Influence the Selectivity of Students’ Destination 4-Year Institution?
Authors: Ortagus Justin C. , Hu Xiaodan
Published: August 2019

Objectives: In this study, we explore the influence of enrolling initially at a community college before transferring to a 4-year institution on the selectivity of the destination 4-year institution. Method: We leverage nationally representative data and a propensity score matching approach to compare the institutional selectivity between students who begin at a community college before transferring to a 4-year institution and those who begin at a 4-year college or university. To estimate the relationship between the community college pathway and institutional selectivity, we employ an ordinal logistic regression model. Results: We find that transferring from a community college to a 4-year institution had a positive influence on the selectivity of students’ destination 4-year institution. More specifically, students who enroll initially at a community college before transferring to a 4-year institution have a greater probability of attending a very selective 4-year institution and moderately selective 4-year institution when compared with native 4-year students. Students who transferred from a community college have a lower probability of attending minimally selective 4-year institutions and open-admission 4-year institutions when compared with otherwise-similar students who began at a 4-year institution. Contributions: By showing a positive relationship between the vertical transfer and the level of selectivity of students’ destination 4-year institution, this study highlights a potential benefit of beginning at a community college before transferring to a 4-year institution.
Mapping the social landscape through social media
Authors: Joshi Girish Chandra , Paul Mayuri , Kalita Bhrigu Kumar , Ranga Vikram , Rawat Jiwan Singh , Rawat Pinkesh Singh
Published: August 2019

Being a habitat of the global village, every place has established connections through the strength and power of social media, piercing through the political boundaries. Social media is a digital platform, where people across the world can interact. This has a number of advantages of being universal, anonymous, easy accessibility, indirect interaction, gathering and sharing information when compared with direct interaction. The easy access to social networking sites (SNSs) such as Facebook, Twitter and blogs has brought about unprecedented opportunities for citizens to voice their opinions loaded with emotions/sentiments. Furthermore, social media can influence human thoughts. A recent incident of public importance had presented an opportunity to map the sentiments, involved around it. Sentiments were extracted from tweets for a week. These sentiments were classified as positive, negative and neutral and were mapped in geographic information system (GIS) environment. It was found that the number of tweets diminished by 91% over a week from 25 August 2017 to 31 August 2017. Maximum tweets emerged from places near the origin of the case (Haryana, Delhi and Punjab). The trend of sentiments was found to be – neutral (47.4%), negative (30%) and positive (22.6%). Interestingly, tweets were also coming from unexpected places such as United States, United Kingdom and West Asia. The result can also be used to assess the spatial distribution of digital penetration in India. The highest concentration was found to be around metropolitan cities, that is, Mumbai, Delhi and lowest in North East India and Jammu & Kashmir indicating the penetration of SNSs.
Corruption as systemic political decay
Authors: Vergara Camila
Published: August 2019

By offering an analysis of different conceptions of corruption connected to the political regime and contingency in which they developed, the article retrieves a systemic meaning of political corruption. Through the works of Plato, Aristotle, Polybius and Machiavelli, it reconstructs a dimension of political corruption particular to popular governments and also engages with recent neo-republican and institutionalist attempts at redefining political corruption. The article concludes that we still lack a proper conception of systemic corruption comparable to the one of the Ancients because we are yet unable to account for the role procedures and institutions play in fostering corruption through their normal functioning and what this means for liberal democratic regimes.
Assessments of Otolaryngology Resident Operative Experiences Using Mobile Technology: A Pilot Study
Authors: Chen Jenny X. , Kozin Elliott , Bohnen Jordan , George Brian , Deschler Daniel G. , Emerick Kevin , Gray Stacey T.
Published: August 2019

Objectives

Surgical education has shifted from the Halstedian model of “see one, do one, teach one” to a competency‐based model of training. Otolaryngology residency programs can benefit from a fast and simple system to assess residents’ surgical skills. In this quality initiative, we hypothesize that a novel smartphone application called System for Improving and Measuring Procedural Learning (SIMPL) could be applied in an otolaryngology residency to facilitate the assessment of resident operative experiences.

Methods

The Plan Do Study Act method of quality improvement was used. After researching tools of surgical assessment and trialing SIMPL in a resident‐attending pair, we piloted SIMPL across an otolaryngology residency program. Faculty and residents were trained to use SIMPL to rate resident operative performance and autonomy with a previously validated Zwisch Scale.

Results

Residents (n = 23) and faculty (n = 17) were trained to use SIMPL using a standardized curriculum. A total of 833 assessments were completed from December 1, 2017, to June 30, 2018. Attendings completed a median 20 assessments, and residents completed a median 14 self‐assessments. All evaluations were resident initiated, and attendings had a 78% median response rate. Evaluations took residents a median 22 seconds to complete; 126 unique procedures were logged, representing all 14 key indicator cases for otolaryngology.

Discussion

This is the first residency‐wide application of a mobile platform to track the operative experiences of otolaryngology residents.

Implications for Practice

We adapted and implemented a novel assessment tool in a large otolaryngology program. Future multicenter studies will benchmark resident operative experiences nationwide.
#MeToo Goes Global: Media Framing of Silence Breakers in Four National Settings
Authors: Starkey Jesse C. , Koerber Amy , Sternadori Miglena , Pitchford Bethany
Published: August 2019

This article reports the results of a qualitative media framing analysis of news coverage about #MeToo in four national contexts: the United States, Japan, Australia, and India. Comparing media coverage of a woman who became associated with #MeToo in each country reveals four media frames: brave silence breaker, stoic victim of an unjust system, recovered or reluctant hero, and hysterical slut. By identifying these frames, and their cultural variations, we add to understanding of #MeToo as an international social movement that has crossed national and cultural barriers.
Interability Contact and the Reduction of Interability Prejudice: Communication Accommodation, Intergroup Anxiety, and Relational Solidarity
Authors: Byrd Gabrielle A. , Zhang Yan Bing , Gist-Mackey Angela N.
Published: August 2019

Guided by intergroup contact and communication accommodation theories, this study tested the effects of U.S. participants’ ( N = 286) communication with their most frequent contact who had a visible physical disability and its effects on attitudes toward and stereotypes of people with disabilities as a whole. As predicted, mediation analysis showed the type of interability contact (i.e., nonfamily = 1 and family = 2), and participants’ perceptions of their own communication accommodation during interability interactions with the contact had significant indirect effects on the improvement of attitudes toward and reduction of stereotypes about people with disabilities through relational solidarity and intergroup anxiety as sequential mediators. In addition, communication accommodation had significant positive direct effects on intergroup attitudes. These findings provide insights into the important role played by interability contact, especially in the family context and communication accommodation in developing positive relationships in order to reduce anxiety, prejudices, and biases toward people with disabilities.
Assessing 40 Years of Group Vitality Research and Future Directions
Authors: Bourhis Richard Y. , Sachdev Itesh , Ehala Martin , Giles Howard
Published: August 2019

This article provides key group vitality concepts followed by a selective overview of four decades of research on vitality issues. Group vitality is what makes language communities behave as distinctive and active collective entities within multilingual settings. Three structural factors combine to foster strong to weak group vitality: demographic factors, institutional support, and status. The objective vitality framework uses available census and sociolinguistic indicators to measure the relative vitality of minority and majority language communities in contact. Two case studies show the crucial role of language policies in improving or undermining the vitality of language minorities in Canada. Studies of subjective perceptions of group vitality are reviewed as they relate to language and communicative outcomes. Key vitality models are noted along with future research directions highlighting the need for a theoretical integration of the vitality framework.
Developing a phone-based measure of impairment after acute oral ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol
Authors: Pabon Elisa , de Wit Harriet
Published: August 2019

Background:

Acute consumption of cannabis or its primary psychoactive ingredient ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol has been shown to impair memory, reaction time, time perception, and attention. However, it is difficult to measure these impairments in a brief test that can be used in a non-laboratory setting.

Aims:

We aim to develop and validate a prototype for a mobile phone application to measure ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced cognitive impairment.

Methods:

We conducted two double-blind, within-subjects studies examining impairments after oral doses of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (0, 7.5, 15 mg) using both standardized computer-based tasks and our novel phone-based tasks. The tasks measured cognitive speed, reaction time, fine motor ability, and working memory and, in the second study, time perception. Study 1 ( n=24) provided initial data, and Study 2 ( n=24) was designed to refine the measures. In both studies, healthy non-daily cannabis users participated in three four-hour experimental sessions in which they received capsules containing ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (7.5, 15 mg) or placebo. Subjective and cardiovascular measures were obtained at regular intervals, and at the time of peak drug effect subjects completed both standardized, computer-based and brief, phone-based tasks.

Results:

∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-induced impairment was detected on most of the computer tasks, but was not evident on most of the phone tasks.

Conclusions:

The phone tasks were brief, to facilitate use in a non-laboratory setting, but it is likely that this made them less sensitive to the impairing effects of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol. These findings confirm that ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol impairs performance on several tasks at two recreationally relevant doses, but raises question about the feasibility of designing a phone application as a sensitive field sobriety test for cannabis.
Effect of dietary cholesterol intake on the risk of esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Jin Yanyu , Yang Tao , Li Dongyin , Ding Wentao
Published: August 2019

Objective

This systematic review aimed to explore the potential association between dietary cholesterol intake and esophageal cancer risk.

Methods

A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases from inception to March 2019 according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Pooled estimates with odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using random effects models.

Results

Nine articles of 12 independent studies were included in the final meta-analysis. Pooled analysis suggested that dietary cholesterol intake may increase the risk of esophageal cancer (summarized OR = 1.424, 95% CI = 1.191–1.704). Consistent results were found in American (summarized OR = 1.410, 95% CI = 1.130–1.758) and European populations (summarized OR = 1.556, 95% CI = 1.021–2.373). Subgroup analysis by disease type showed that dietary cholesterol intake had a significant association with the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Conclusion

Our findings indicated that dietary cholesterol intake could significantly increase the risk of developing esophageal cancer in both European and American populations. Further high-quality studies are necessary to confirm the effects of cholesterol intake.
Polemical propaganda of the Golah community against the Gibeonites: Historical background of Joshua 9 and 2 Samuel 21 in the early Persian Period
Authors: Lee-Sak Yitzhak
Published: August 2019

In Joshua 9 and 2 Samuel 21, two issues relate to the Gibeonites: the cultic place of YHWH and the Gibeonites’ ethnicity. In order to clarify the historical background of both texts, this article aims to look closely at the archaeological information of the site of el-Jib and to undertake a redactional analysis. Synthesizing these two independent observations leads to the conclusion that the only appropriate historical background for the composition of these texts is the early Persian period. This article suggests that both texts functioned as polemical propaganda for the Golah community against the Gibeonites. Such propaganda was presented to first affirm the supremacy of the Temple of Jerusalem, while denigrating the status of the Gibeonites and their sanctuary (Josh 9). Second, the propaganda served to brainwash the Gibeonites into serving the Golah community, exhorting them to assimilate as a part of Persian Yehud (2 Sam 21).
“Never Say Never?” Heterosexual, Bisexual, and Lesbian Women’s Accounts of Being Childfree
Authors: Hayfield Nikki , Terry Gareth , Clarke Victoria , Ellis Sonja
Published: August 2019

Feminist scholars have identified a “motherhood imperative” in Western cultures, when heterosexual women are understood to both want and to have children. However, social shifts have resulted in a decrease in pronatalism as well as an increase in social recognition of the parenting desires of same-sex parents. Despite a resurgence of interest in childfree identities, research to date has predominantly focused on heterosexual women’s explanations for being childfree and their experiences of marginalization. Our aim in the current study was to explore how childfree heterosexual, lesbian, bisexual, and queer women negotiate their childfree lives and identities in the context of their personal and social relationships within changing cultural contexts. Data from 23 interviews with women in the United Kingdom, who responded to a call for childfree participants, were thematically analyzed. We constructed two themes: (1) Never say never? Negotiating being childfree as ever precarious, which shows how women constructed being childfree as requiring constant revisiting and renegotiating to maintain and (2) An ordinary life: Constructing being childfree as rational and reasonable, in which we identify the rhetorical efforts of participants to establish their being childfree as an ordinary, reasonable, and rational position. We conclude that for these women, childfreedom was constantly in flux and that maintaining a positive childfree identity required considerable identity work in order to manage intimate personal relationships and wider friendships. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/page/pwq/suppl/index
Evaluation of an alkali-treated and hydroxyapatite-coated orthopedic implant loaded with tobramycin
Authors: Janson Oscar , Sörensen Jan Henrik , Strømme Maria , Engqvist Håkan , Procter Philip , Welch Ken
Published: August 2019

An approximately 1-µm thick hydroxyapatite coating was biomimetically deposited on an alkali-treated, commercially available orthopedic screw surface (type II anodized titanium). Tobramycin loaded into the coating via a simple soaking method was shown to provide a sustained release above the minimal inhibitory concentration 0.2 µg/µl for up to two days. Agar diffusion tests showed that the tobramycin-loaded coating was able to produce a zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus for up to five days. Biocompatibility testing using outgrowth endothelial cells and primary osteoblasts suggested that good cell compatibility of the coating can be expected in vivo. A rabbit distal femur condyle model was used for in vivo evaluation of the antibacterial efficacy of the tobramycin-loaded coating, and this pilot study showed that the release of tobramycin was sufficient to locally eliminate very large amounts of bacteria in vivo (inoculation dose 104–105 CFU S. aureus/test site).
Factors That Affect Time to Switch From Warfarin to a Direct Oral Anticoagulant After Change in the Reimbursement Criteria in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Park Susin , Je Nam Kyung
Published: August 2019

Background:

Anticoagulation therapy is recommended for stroke prevention in high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). This study aimed to estimate the time to switch from warfarin to a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) and identify the factors associated with it.

Methods:

By using claims data, we studied 7111 warfarin-using patients with nonvalvular AF who were aged ≥65 years. The Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to estimate the time to switch from warfarin to a DOAC, and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to estimate the influencing factors.

Results:

Approximately one-third of the patients (2403, 33.8%) switched from warfarin to a DOAC during the study period. Female sex, aged between 75 and 79 years, having a Medical Aid or Patriots and Veterans Insurance, hypertension, and history of prior stroke, and transient ischemic attack or thromboembolism (prior stroke/TIA/TE) were associated with a significantly shorter time to switch. The odds of switching to a DOAC were increased by approximately 1.2-fold in the women and 1.4-fold in the patients with prior stroke/TIA/TE.

Conclusions:

Approximately one-third of the warfarin-using patients switched from warfarin to a DOAC within 6 months after the change in the DOAC reimbursement criteria. In the Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, the factors that affected anticoagulant switching from warfarin to a DOAC were female sex and history of prior stroke/TIA/TE.
Exploration of Crime Scene Characteristics in Cyber-Related Homicides
Authors: Gerard F. Jeane , Khachatryan Norair , Browning Bethany
Published: August 2019

Despite the alarming nature of homicides in which the offender meets the victim online, or cyber-initiated homicides, little empirical attention has been devoted to this phenomenon. The present study was designed to explore the behavioral patterns found prior to and during a cyber-initiated homicide event. Data on 61 homicide cases from various countries were collected through news media and legal sources. Smallest space analysis revealed that cyber homicides were characterized by four distinct themes: excessive violence, fatal escalation, crime-related incidents, and predatory behavior. Implications of the findings and avenues for future research are discussed.
Conservative management of sacroiliac luxation fracture in cats: medium- to long-term functional outcome
Authors: Bird Frances G , de Vicente Felipe
Published: August 2019

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine the functional medium- to long-term outcome for cats with a conservatively managed sacroiliac luxation fracture (SILF).

Methods

Inclusion criteria were conservative management of SILF in cats with no other concurrent fractures of the pelvic weightbearing axis and availability of radiographs for review. Radiographic measurements of percentage displacement of the sacroiliac joint and the sacral index were obtained and fracture configuration was assessed. A specific owner questionnaire was completed a minimum of 6 months after the injury. The questionnaire assessed the ability of the cat to perform normal activities, the time to recovery, any behavioural changes and any requirement for long-term analgesia.

Results

Seventeen cats met the inclusion criteria, and 13 owners completed the questionnaire. Twelve cats had an excellent outcome, with no difficulty performing normal activities. One cat had a good outcome, with slight or occasional difficulty performing normal activities.

Conclusions and relevance

Our study provides evidence to support the current guidelines of conservative management of SILF. The inherent bias of case selection in our population implies that this treatment cannot be recommended for all cases of SILF.
Does the belt and road initiative stimulate China’s inbound tourist market? An empirical study using the gravity model with a DID method
Authors: Huang Xueying , Han Yuanjun , Gong Xuhong , Liu Xiangyan
Published: August 2019

This study examines the influence of the Belt and Road Initiative on China’s inbound tourist market, generated from countries and regions along the Belt and Road, using a gravity model with a difference-in-differences method. Panel data for 2008–2016 indicate that the Belt and Road Initiative has direct and significant positive effects on Chinese international tourist-generating markets, but the annual treatment effects are only partly significantly positive. We also examined the heterogeneous effects and mechanism of the Belt and Road Initiative on the inbound tourist market by grouping countries according to the levels of trade openness with China and economic development. The heterogeneous effect tests reveal that China’s international tourist origin countries with low levels of trade openness with China and high levels of economic development benefit from the Belt and Road Initiative. The findings of this study provide policy guidance on expansion for China’s inbound tourism market.
Associations between connections to parents and friends and non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents: The mediating role of developmental assets
Authors: Taliaferro Lindsay A , Jang Sung Tae , Westers Nicholas J , Muehlenkamp Jennifer J , Whitlock Janis L , McMorris Barbara J
Published: August 2019

Background:

We tested a model that incorporated potential developmental assets through which connections to parents and friends reduce the likelihood of engaging in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents.

Method:

Data came from the 2016 Minnesota Student Survey, a population-based survey of 8th, 9th, and 11th grade students ( N = 119,452). Chi-square test, t-test, and correlations evaluated bivariate relationships between all variables. Indirect effects of three developmental assets (social competency, positive identity, and empowerment) were modeled simultaneously on associations between connections to parents and friends, and past-year NSSI.

Results:

Bivariate analyses demonstrated protective effects of parent and friend connections on NSSI and that all developmental assets were negatively associated with NSSI. After accounting for demographic variables and associations between developmental assets in a multiple mediator path model, connections to parents showed a stronger, negative direct relationship with NSSI than did connections to friends. Developmental assets, especially positive identity and empowerment, accounted for a greater proportion of the effect of connections to friends on NSSI than the effect of connections to parents. Finally, social competency was no longer significantly related to NSSI in the multiple mediator path model.

Conclusion:

Clinical efforts to prevent NSSI should focus on enhancing adolescents’ sense of positive identity and empowerment, as well as connections to parents and prosocial friends.
Second language teachers learn to teach for social justice through community field experiences
Authors: Nguyen Chinh Duc , Zeichner Kenneth
Published: August 2019

The current study explores how pre-service teachers of English as a foreign language in Vietnam developed their belief about social justice teaching through community field experiences in their teacher education programs. Participants of the study were a cohort of 38 pre-service teachers in a TESOL program in a Vietnamese university. Based on multiple sources of data, the findings indicate that community field experiences helped the cohort of pre-service teachers discover inequalities among families, geographical areas, and ethnic groups inherent in children’s schooling opportunities and their access to English learning. The cohort therefore developed their belief about social justice teaching appropriate to the sociocultural context of Vietnam.
Can subjective well-being and body concern in adolescence predict prescribed medication in adulthood? Findings from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study and the Norwegian Prescription Database
Authors: Wærholm Adelheid-Charlotte , Meland Eivind , Kjome Reidun L. S.
Published: August 2019

Aim: To examine whether subjective well-being (SW) and body concern among adolescents aged 15–19 years has an impact on adult health, measured by medications dispensed on average 18 years later. Methods: Data collected in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) was paired with data from the Norwegian Prescription database (NorPD). We investigated the effects of adolescent SW and body concern on total number of medications, on use of anti-infectives (ATC-group J), medication for the musculo-skeletal system (ATC-group M), anxiolytics, hypnotics and sedatives (ATC-groups N05B and N05C), and finally antipsychotics, antidepressants and psychostimulants, agents used for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and nootropics (ATC-groups N05A, N06A and N06B). We used multi-variable models where we entered body dissatisfaction and SW simultaneously in the models in order to adjust for the associations between the predictors, and also adjusted for possible confounders in the models. Results: Both body concern (dieting and dieting desire) and impaired SW predicted drug use 17–18 years after the participants were surveyed in adolescence. The impact was disease specific as body concern was the most influential predictor for drugs used for somatic diseases and complaints, whereas impaired SW was more strongly associated with drug use for mental health diseases and complaints. Conclusions: SW and body concern are important health determinants in the transition between adolescence and adulthood.
Journalistic discourse of freedom: A study of journalists’ understanding of freedom in the Czech Republic and Serbia
Authors: Rupar Verica , Němcová Tejkalová Alice , Láb Filip , Seizova Sonja
Published: August 2019

The idea of freedom plays a strong and important role among journalists in countries that have recently moved to democracy. In this article, we explore the relational nature of freedom and put forward an argument for more clarity in defining its meaning. We examine the values and experiences inscribed in journalistic discourses of freedom assuming that the ways of articulating freedom hold a key for understanding journalism practice. The article revises the question of freedom by focusing on the intersection between political and journalistic fields in two countries that moved from a one-party political system to political pluralism: the Czech Republic and Serbia. It seeks to give a perspective on understanding how concepts of freedom and autonomy work in Czech and Serbian journalistic discourse. The Worlds of Journalism Study’s data on journalists’ perception of political influences were used as a starting point, then a case study analysis of significant clashes between journalistic and political fields in recent years in both countries was applied. In 2014, both Czech and Serbian journalists declared that political factors had small influence on their daily work, but the situation has changed. Our case studies of recent developments in Serbia and the Czech Republic, show a striking discrepancy between what journalists perceive and what they know.
Creating a dementia enabling university using a Knowledge Translation approach: Innovative practice
Authors: Phillipson Lyn , Fleming Richard , Swaffer Kate , Steele Linda , Sheridan Lynnaire , Burns Shawn , Cappetta Kara , Cridland Elizabeth
Published: August 2019

Universities can promote social impact by developing a dementia literate workforce. The Dementia Enabling University Strategy utilised a knowledge translation framework in an Australian university to inspire and support academics to engage students and consider how their skills and knowledge could contribute to the creation of more supportive environments for people with dementia. Dementia Enabling University Strategy ran across eight disciplines: law, media, social sciences, public health, engineering, business, marketing and psychology and was successful in engaging university academics and students. However, a longer term strategy is needed to embed ‘dementia’ as core business to the university impact agenda.
The First Amendment to the United States Constitution and the implied freedom of political communication in the Australian Constitution
Authors: Gray Anthony Davidson
Published: August 2019

This article suggests that the Australian High Court might usefully utilize more of the First Amendment jurisprudence than it has done so to date. After a succinct summary of the Australian implied freedom and First Amendment case law, it documents cases in which the Australian High Court has either utilised, or not utilised, First Amendment case law. It suggests specific instances in which the Australian case law might utilize some of the American doctrine, and responds to suggestions that the American case law is not applicable to the Australian constitutional context.
Intimate Partner Violence in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alhalal Eman , Ta’an Wafa’a , Alhalal Hani
Published: August 2019

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health issue at the global level, with cultural differences in its nature and prevalence. Most of the current evidence related to IPV comes from Western countries; however, there is a lack of evidence of IPV in developing countries such as Saudi Arabia. The issue of IPV has been investigated in Saudi Arabia only recently, and data have been inconsistent and inconclusive. Hence, we conducted a systematic review of the extant literature devoted to IPV prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes as well as Saudi women’s help-seeking behaviors. Various databases, such as PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO, and reference lists of the reviewed studies, were searched to identify relevant studies by using different keywords. The review included 16 studies that met the inclusion criteria, which revealed several findings. There is no national representative prevalence study of IPV in the Saudi context. Various IPV definitions were used with limited evidence for the reliability and validity of the used IPV measures. IPV is a prevalent issue among Saudi women, but rates are comparable to those of other countries. There are various individual, relational, and sociocultural factors that increase women’s vulnerability to IPV victimization. However, limited information is available regarding IPV protective factors. More importantly, IPV experiences negatively affect Saudi women’s physical and mental health status. Saudi women rarely seek formal support for IPV. This review also highlights the lack of IPV data and inconsistencies in defining and measuring IPV. More rigorous research regarding IPV is needed to help develop relevant preventive and intervention programs.
Predictors of Wound Healing Following Revascularization for Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia
Authors: Antonopoulos Constantine N. , Lazaris Andreas , Venermo Maarit , Geroulakos George
Published: August 2019

Objectives:

After surgical or endovascular revascularization, some ischemic lesions will not heal, while some others will heal at a variable period of time from the intervention, indicating a multifactorial interaction between local and systematic “wound healing–promoting” factors. Our objective was to identify predictors of wound healing following revascularization for chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI).

Methods:

A literature review was performed to identify published research concerning clinical, biochemical, and noninvasive methods as predictors of wound healing time and wound-free period after surgical and endovascular revascularization for CLTI.

Results:

Our review indicated that potential predictors included local wound factors, wound depth, patient’s comorbidities, medications, smoking and alcohol abuse, poor vessel runoff, and direct versus indirect revascularization. Among the clinical biomarkers, platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor β, basic fibroblast growth factor, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL) 1, and IL-6 have been proposed as potential predictors. Furthermore, the potential of noninvasive microcirculation assessment to predict proper wound healing has been the topic of extensive investigation. Among the novel methods, transcutaneous measurement of oxygen partial pressure, skin perfusion pressure, oxygen-to-see method, indocyanine green fluorescence imaging, and multispectral optoacoustic tomography have shown promising results.

Conclusions:

The risk factor profile of an ischemic lesion in the lower extremities with a delayed/failed healing response, following a successful revascularization, is not fully clarified. Although many predictors have been assessed so far, further research needs to be done to identify the optimal clinical and biochemical indices and the noninvasive technique assessing the microcirculation that is associated with complete wound healing.
Television as psychical object: Mad Men and the value of psychoanalysis for television scholarship
Authors: Bainbridge Caroline
Published: August 2019

Claims that Mad Men (2007–2015) is an obedient post-feminist text overlook the drama’s images of both women and the history of feminism and its potential to impact on contemporary understandings of gender politics. Mad Men can be seen as a psychological object, helping viewers to explore links between their own experience and that of characters on screen as the narrative unfolds. Making links between the social re-emergence of feminist awareness, the drama’s representations of second-wave feminism and a psychoanalytic understanding of mourning, I suggest that a return to psychoanalytic methodologies has the potential to enrich television scholarship.