bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accelerating Mature Field EOR Evaluation Using Machine Learning Uncertainty Workflows Integrating Subsurface And Economics
Authors: Bayerl Mathias , Neff Pascale , Clemens Torsten , Sieberer Martin , Stummer Barbara , Zamolyi Andras
Published: December 2021

Field re-development planning for tertiary recovery projects in mature fields traditionally involves a comprehensive subsurface evaluation circle, including static/dynamic modeling, scenario assessment and candidate selection based on economic models. The aforementioned sequential approach is time-consuming and includes the risk of delaying project maturation. This work introduces a novel approach which integrates subsurface geological and dynamic modeling as well as economics and uses machine learning augmented uncertainty workflows to achieve project acceleration.

In the elaborated enhanced oil recovery (EOR) evaluation process, a machine learning assisted approach is used in order to narrow geological and dynamic parameter ranges both for model initialization and subsequent history matching. The resulting posterior parameter distributions are used to create the input models for scenario evaluation under uncertainty. This scenario screening comprises not only an investigation of qualified EOR roll-out areas, but also includes detailed engineering such as well spacing optimization and pattern generation. Eventually, a fully stochastic economic evaluation approach is performed in order to rank and select scenarios for EOR implementation.

The presented workflow has been applied successfully for a mature oil field in Central/Eastern Europe with 60+ years of production history. It is shown that by using a fully stochastic approach, integrating subsurface engineering and economic evaluation, a considerable acceleration of up to 75% in project maturation time is achieved. Moreover, the applied workflow stands out due to its flexibility and adaptability based on changes in the project scope. In the course of this case study, a sector roll-out of chemical EOR is elaborated, including a proposal for 27 new well candidates and 17 well conversions, resulting in an incremental oil production of 4.7MM bbl.

The key findings were: A workflow is introduced that delivers a fully stochastic economic evaluation while honoring the input and measured data.The delivered scenarios are conditioned to the geological information and the production history in a Bayesian Framework to ensure full consistency of the selected subsurface model advanced to forecasting.The applied process results in substantial time reduction for an EOR re-development project evaluation cycle.
Artificial Intelligence for the Online Prediction of the Cool-down Time in a Subsea Pipeline After an Unplanned Shutdown
Authors: Gerri Alberto , Shokry Ahmed , Zio Enrico , Montini Marco
Published: December 2021

Hydrates formation in subsea pipelines is one of the main reliability concerns for flow assurance engineers. A fast and reliable assessment of the Cool-Down Time (CDT), the period between a shut-down event and possible hydrates formation in the asset, is of key importance for the safety of operations. Existing methods for the CDT prediction are highly dependent on the use of very complex physics-based models that demand large computational time, which hinders their usage in an online environment. Therefore, this work presents a novel methodology for the development of surrogate models that predict, in a fast and accurate way, the CDT in subsea pipelines after unplanned shutdowns. The proposed methodology is, innovatively, tailored on the basis of reliability perspective, by treating the CDT as a risk index, where a critic CDT threshold (i.e. the minimum time needed by the operator to preserve the line from hydrates formation) is considered to distinguish the simulation outputs into high-risk and low-risk domains.

The methodology relies on the development of a hybrid Machine Learning (ML) based model using datasets generated through complex physics-based model’ simulations. The hybrid ML-based model consists of a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier that assigns a risk level (high or low) to the measured operating condition of the asset, and two Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for predicting the CDT at the high-risk (low CDT) or the low-risk (high CDT) operating conditions previously assigned by the classifier.

The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is validated by its application to a case study involving a pipeline in an offshore western African asset, modelled by a transient physics-based commercial software. The results show outperformance of the capabilities of the proposed hybrid ML-based model (i.e., SVM + 2 ANNs) compared to the classical approach (i.e. modelling the entire system with one global ANN) in terms of enhancing the prediction of the CDT during the high-risk conditions of the asset.

This behaviour is confirmed applying the novel methodology to training datasets of different size. In fact, the high-risk Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE) is reduced on average of 15% compared to the NRMSE of a global ANN model. Moreover, it’s shown that high-risk CDT are better predicted by the hybrid model even if the critic CDT, which divides the simulation outputs in high-risk and low-risk values (i.e. the minimum time needed by the operator to preserve the line from hydrates formation), changes. The enhancement, in this case, is on average of 14.6%. Eventually, results show how the novel methodology cuts down by more than one hundred seventy-eight times the computational times for online CDT predictions compared to the physics-based model.
Association of Zoonotic Protozoan Parasites With Microplastics in Seawater: Implications for Human and Wildlife Health
Authors: Zhang Emma , Kim Minji , Rueda Lezlie , Rochman Chelsea , VanWormer Elizabeth , Moore James , Shapiro Karen
Published: December 2021

Plastics are widely recognized as a pervasive marine pollutant. Microplastics have been garnering increasing attention due to reports documenting their ingestion by animals, including those intended for human consumption. Their accumulation in the marine food chain may also pose a threat to wildlife that consume species that can accumulate microplastic particles. Microplastic contamination in marine ecosystems has thus raised concerns for both human and wildlife health. Our study addresses an unexplored area of research targeting the interaction between plastic and pathogen pollution of coastal waters. We investigated the association of the zoonotic protozoan parasites Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Giardia enterica with polyethylene microbeads and polyester microfibers. These pathogens were chosen because they have been recognized by the World Health Organization as underestimated causes of illness from shellfish consumption, and due to their persistence in the marine environment. We show that pathogens are capable of associating with microplastics in contaminated seawater, with more parasites adhering to microfiber surfaces as compared with microbeads. Given the global presence of microplastics in fish and shellfish, this study demonstrates a novel pathway by which anthropogenic pollutants may be mediating pathogen transmission in the marine environment, with important ramifications for wildlife and human health.
MLC-Seq: de novo Sequencing of Full-Length tRNAs and Quantitative Mapping of Multiple RNA Modifications
Authors: Zhang Shenglong , Yuan Xiaohong , Su Yue , Zhang Xudong , Turkel Spencer , Shi Shundi , Wang Xuanting , Choi Eun-Jin , Wu Wenzhe , Liu Haichuan , Viner Rosa , Russo James , Li Wenjia , Bao Xiaoyong , Chen Qi
Published: December 2021

Despite the extensive use of next-generation sequencing of RNA, simultaneous sequencing and quantitative mapping of multiple RNA modifications remain challenging. Herein, we develop MLC-Seq, a mass spectrometry-based direct sequencing method allowing for simultaneously unravelling the RNA sequences and quantitatively mapping different tRNA nucleotide modifications site-specifically. Importantly, MLC-Seq reveals the stoichiometric changes of tRNA modifications upon treatment with the dealkylating enzyme AlkB, and led to the discovery of new nucleotide modifications.
The Clinicopathological Features And Surgical Procedure of Adnexal Mass With Abdominal Pain In Pediatric And Adolescent Patients
Authors: Liu Qian , Zhou Huimei , Cao Dongyan , Yang Jiaxin , Shen Keng
Published: December 2021

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features and surgical procedures of adnexal masses with abdominal pain in pediatric and adolescent patients.Methods: A total of 212 pediatric and adolescent adnexal masses with abdominal pain who underwent surgery were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups, namely, the emergency surgery (EMS, n=96) group and the elective surgery (ELS, n=116) group, according to whether they had been surgically diagnosed with emergency conditions. EMS group refers to patients who had been surgically diagnosed with emergency conditions including adnexal masses torsion，corpus luteum rupture，and rupture of ectopic pregnancy. ELS group refers to patients with adnexal mass without emergency condition. The differences between the two groups were compared using the chi- squared test.Results: At the surgery evaluation, the median age was 14.5±3.6 years. A total of 175 patients (82.5%, 175/212) had menstruation, and 37 patients (17.5%, 37/212) had not yet begun menstruating. A total of 126 (59.4%, 126/212) patients presented with an abrupt onset of abdominal pain. Pelvic abdominal ultrasound was the first imaging modality used in all the patients (n = 212/212; 100%). Tumor markers were abnormally elevated in 26 patients.Compared with the ELS group, the proportion of patients with emergency onset of pain, pain duration less than 3 months, persistent and intense of pain were significantly higher than those in ELS group (P < 0.05). There were significantly more patients without menarche in the EMS group than in the ELS group (p<0.05). The average tumor size in the ELS group was larger than that in the EMS group (p<0.05). In the EMS group, 78 cases（ 81.3%,78/96）had adnexal mass torsion, 16 cases (16.7%，16/96) had mass rupture, and 2 cases (2.1%, 2/96）had ectopic pregnancy. Of the 78 patients with adnexal mass torsion, 49 cases (62.8%, 49/78）underwent ovary-preserving surgery, and 24 cases (30.8%，24/78）underwent adnexectomy. The most common pathologic types of adnexal torsion were mature teratoma cysts and simple cysts, accounting for 29% and 26%, respectively.Conclusions: Adnexal masses combined with abdominal pain in pediatric and adolescent patients, especially for patients presented as acute pain which characterized by emergency pain onset, persistent pain that cannot be relieved or recurrent pain，should be considered due to the possibility of adnexal mass combined with acute complications, and emergency surgery should be performed immediately. For patients with suspected malignant lesions, a comprehensive evaluation of the lesions should be conducted preoperatively to select the appropriate surgical method and strategy. After the discovery of an adnexal mass, evaluation should be performed quickly, and long-term management should be implemented.
Infinite pair，The twin prime number
Authors: wuye tangyin wuye
Published: December 2021

infinite hypothesis and infinite reasoning. Reverse calculation of prime number,Key integer condition
The Identification and Analysis of a Novel Model Based on Ferroptosis-Related Genes for Predicting the Prognosis of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphomas
Authors: Wang Jiayi , Peng Hongling , Zhang Guangsen , Xu Yunxiao , Yan Wenzhe
Published: December 2021

Background
Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) are the most common B-cell lymphoma featured as phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous. Ferroptosis is a new found programmed cell death and have a crucial role in the chemoresistance of tumor. We aim to build a ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) prognostic signature to predict the outcome of DLBCLs.
Methods
Our study retrospectively investigated the mRNA expression level and clinical data of 604 DLBCL patients from 3 GEO public datasets. A series of bioinformatic approaches including Cox regression analysis, function enrich analysis, immune infiltration analysis, ROC curve analysis, Kaplan–Meier survival curve and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method by the corresponding R packages in R statistical software were combined to explored the heterogenicity of FRG based clusters and to build prognostic model. Immunohistochemistry was used to exam the protein expression of six FRGs in different molecular type of DLBCL.
Results
We first identified 19 FRGs with potential prognostic values and classfied the patients into cluster 1 and cluster 2, Results indicated that cluster 1 tend to have a shorter overall survival (OS) time, while patients in the two clusters have different patterns of infiltrating immune cells among. Furthermore, the LASSO was used to generated a six-genes (GCLC, LPCAT3, NFE2L2, ABCC1, SLC1A5, and GOT1) risk signature which constructed a risk score formula and prognostic model for the OS of DLBCL patients. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis proved that poorer OS was exhibited in higher risk patients stratified by the prognostic model in both the training cohort and test cohort. In addition, we constructed nomograms to predict the OS of DLBCL patients. Both the decision curve(DCA) and the calibration plots showed that the nomogram had good agreement between predicted results and actual observation. Finally, the validation by immunohistochemistry indicated the GCLC, LPCAT3, ABCC1, SLC1A5, and GOT1 were high expressed in DLBCL with various prognostic adverse molecular factor.
Conclusion
In sum, we built a new FRG-based prognostic model which will help improve diagnosis and treatment for DLBCL patients.
Estimating the Public Health Impact from Introducing Tobacco-Free Nicotine Pouches Into the US
Authors: Lee Peter N , Fry John S , Ljung Tryggve
Published: December 2021

BackgroundFor smokers not intending to quit, switching to a reduced-risk nicotine product should be healthier than continuing smoking. We estimate the health impact, over the period 2000-2050, of introducing into the US the nicotine pouch ZYN. ZYN’s toxicant profile and method of use is like that for Swedish snus, a product with known health effects much less than smoking. MethodsOur modelling approach is similar to others developed for estimating potential effects of new tobacco products. It starts with a simulated cohort of 100,000 individuals in the year 2000 subdivided by age, sex, and smoking status (including years since quitting). They are followed annually accounting for births, net immigrations, deaths and product use changes, with follow-up carried out in the Base Case (ZYN not introduced) and Modified Case (ZYN introduced). Using informed assumptions about initiation, quitting and switching rates, distributions of the population over time are then constructed for each Case, which are used to estimate product-related mortality based on assumptions about the relative risk according to product use. ResultsWhereas in both Base and Modified Cases, the prevalence of any current product use is predicted to decline from about 22% to 10% during follow-up, in the Modified Case about 25% of current users use ZYN by 2050, about a quarter being dual users and the rest ZYN-only users. Over the 50 years, deaths at ages 35-84 from product use among the 100,000 are estimated as 249 less in the Modified than the Base Case, equivalent to about 700,000 less deaths in the whole US. Sensitivity analyses varying individual parameter values confirm the benefits of switching to ZYN, which increase as either the switching rate to ZYN increases or the initiation rate of ZYN relative to smoking increases. Even assuming the reduction in excess mortality risk using ZYN use is 20% of that from smoking rather than the 3.5% assumed in the main analyses, the reduction in product-related deaths would still be 213, or about 600,000 in the US. ConclusionsAlthough such model-based estimates are subject to uncertainties, the results suggest that introducing ZYN could substantially reduce smoking-attributable deaths.
Gut Parabacteroides merdae protects against cardiovascular damage by increasing commensal bacteria-driven branched-chain amino acid catabolism
Authors: Qiao Shanshan , Liu Chang , Sun Li , Wang Tao , Dai Huanqin , Kai Wang , Li Bao , Li Hantian , Liu Shuang-jiang , Liu Hongwei
Published: December 2021

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of arteries featured with accumulated lipids, becoming the primary cause of cardiovascular diseases and death. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) accumulation is defined as biomarkers of cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we revealed metabolic benefits of a previously reported gut microbiota-modulator (GMD) on atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice, and identify a gut symbiont Parabacteroides merdae-driven BCAA catabolism beneficial for the alleviation of atherosclerosis lesions. We also show that the porA gene responsible for the conversion of BCAAs into branched short-chain fatty acids is required for the in vivo efficacy of P. merdae. Furthermore, the down-regulation of BCAA-activated plaque mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway is suggested as the mechanism underlying the benefits of P. merdae. Our results demonstrate the critical role of the commensal bacteria-driven BCAA catabolism in maintaining the host cardiovascular health and supporting the gut microbiota-targeted therapeutic strategy for cardiometabolic diseases.
The Role of Perceived Social Support on Quality of Life in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases in Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chollou Khalil Maleki , Shirzadi Shayesteh , Ranjbaran Soheila , Gaffari-fam Saber , Babazadeh Towhid
Published: December 2021

Background: Cardiovascular disease significantly impairs quality of life. Inadequate social support has been associated with poor quality of life in patients with Cardiovascular. The aim of this study was to describe social support and explore its association with quality of life among cardiovascular patients.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in 2020 from September to January. We selected 150 cardiovascular patients through convenience sampling. The structured questionnaires included: the Persian version of the WHOQOL-BREF was used to obtain the necessary data on the quality of life, psychometric evaluation of the interpersonal support evaluation list–short form as well as demographic variables were included in each questionnaire. Hierarchical linear regression models were used to explore the association between perceived social support and quality of life.Results: The demographic variables were able to predict 12.2% of the variance of quality of life in the first step. In the second step, after adjusting control variables, dimensions of social support the predictability increased to 29% of the variance with the addition of variables. All dimensions of social support, excluding tangible assets support, were significant predictors of quality of life in addition to monthly income status. Self-esteem support (β= 0.387) was the higher level of predictor of quality of life in cardiovascular patients.Conclusion: Overall, the current study revealed that social support is one of the strategies that cardiovascular patients can utilize to improve their quality of life and overcome their disease. It is possible to say that enhancing social support in patients improves their health and quality of life.
A Handy and Accessible Tool for Identification of Sn(II) in Toothpaste: Inclination to an Eco-Friendly Environment
Authors: Kundu Shampa , Truong Khai-Nghi , Saha Shrabani , Rissanen Kari , Sahoo Prithidipa
Published: December 2021

An easily accessible colorimetric probe, a carbazole-naphthaldehyde conjugate (CNP), was successfully prepared for the selective and sensitive recognition of Sn(II) in different commercially-available toothpaste and mouth wash samples. The binding mechanism of CNP for Sn2+ was confirmed by UV-Vis, 1H and 13C NMR titrations. The proposed sensing mechanism was supported by quantum chemical calculations. Selective detection of Sn(II) in the nanomolar range (85 nM), among other interfering metal ions, makes it exclusive. Moreover, Sn2+ can be detected with a simple paper strip from toothpaste, which makes this method handy and easy accessible. The potential application of this system for monitoring Sn2+ can be used as an expedient tool in environmental and industrial purpose.
NMR-Guided Directed Evolution
Authors: Korendovych Ivan , Bhattacharya Sagar , Margheritis Eleanora , Takahashi Katsuya , Kulesha Alona , D'Souza Areetha , Kim Inhye , Tame Jeremy , Yoon Jennifer , Volkov Alexander , Makhlynets Olga
Published: December 2021

Directed evolution can rapidly achieve dramatic improvements in the properties of a protein or bestow entirely new functions on it. We have discovered a strong correlation between the probability of finding a productive mutation at a particular position of a protein and a chemical shift perturbation in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectra upon addition of an inhibitor for the chemical reaction it promotes. In a proof-of-concept study we converted myoglobin, a non-enzymatic protein, into the most active Kemp eliminase reported to date using only three mutations. The observed levels of catalytic efficiency are on par with the levels shown by natural enzymes. This simple approach, that requires no a priori structural or bioinformatic knowledge, is widely applicable and will unleash the full potential of directed evolution.
Knowledge Management and Improvement in Library Services at Fourah Bay College Library: a Statistical Approach
Authors: Lahai Prince Sao
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the paper is to statistically examine the way knowledge management is done at Fourah Bay College in the improvement of library services with the aims of identifying the types of knowledge managed, facilities, equipment, and supplies; policies used to manage the knowledge; knowledge management acquisition skills; relevancy and challenges to managing knowledge at FBC library. The study was informed by the triangulation of the Staff and knowledge Continuum Theories which tend to fill the gap of Robertson and Brun(2021) who considered computer as explicit knowledge. But that gap was filled to indicate knowledge resided in computer as an implicit knowledge in this research. Data used for analysis were drawn from thirty-three(33) participants from six section with the use of questionnaires, personal interview and personal observations. A total of 33 questionnaires were returned in their complete forms and used for the analysis. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were performed by using SPSS version(16.0) to ascertain the relevance of managing knowledge at FBC library in enhancing efficient and effective service delivery. For inferential statistics both ANOVA and Chi-square hypothesis testing were used to test the variables. The key findings of the research revealed that FBC manages the different types of knowledge but the policies governing the management of knowledge are not popularized to staff to understand about the relevance of the management of knowledge at FBC library. For the ANOVA hypothesis testing, it revealed that the mean of the variables are not statistically different while the chi-square revealed that there is a statistical variance between the means of the variables. However, provision is made for further research to be done in order to complement this current research.
Network Analyses of the Symptoms in the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) and its Associations with Depression, Anxiety, Stress and Alcohol Use
Authors: Gomez Rapson , Tullett-Prado Deon , Watson Shaun , Stavropoulos Vasileios
Published: December 2021

Background

The Covid-19 Pandemic and subsequent actions taken by national/international organizations has generated a large amount of anxiety which may roam into the realm of pathology – COVID Anxiety. In order to measure this phenomenon, measures such as the CAS have been developed. The CAS being a self-report measure of anxiety-related physiologically symptoms that are aroused by information and thoughts related to COVID-19. However, as the CAS is fairly new tit requires validation and examination. This study fulfils this need through the use of Network Analysis.
Methods

The study used regularized partial correlation network analysis (EBICglasso) to examine the network structure of ratings of COVID anxiety symptoms as presented in the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) and how these symptoms are related to distress (combination of depression, anxiety, stress) and alcohol use. A total of 968 adults from an Australian community sample completed the CAS, and measures of depression, anxiety, stress and alcohol use.
Results

The findings showed that the most central CAS symptom was abdominal distress, followed by tonic immobility. The symptom with the lowest strength centrality value was dizziness. Also, the network revealed at least moderate effect size connections for tonic immobility with dizziness, sleep disturbances abdominal distress, and for abdominal distress with appetite loss. Additionally, distress was associated positively with dizziness, tonic immobility and appetitive loss. Alcohol use was associated positively with dizziness and abdominal distress, and negatively with tonic immobility and appetitive loss.
Conclusions

Overall, the findings showed a novel understanding of the structure of the COVID anxiety symptoms in the CAS, and how these symptoms are associated with distress and alcohol use. The clinical implications of the findings for assessment and treatment of COVID anxiety and its comorbidity with distress and alcohol use are discussed.
Varieties of ESSE in Romance languages
Authors: Abeillé Anne , Godard Danièle
Published: December 2021

In French, Italian, and Romanian, forms inherited from the Latin paradigm 'esse' are used for the copula, the passive auxiliary and tense or perfective auxiliaries. We show that the copula and the passive auxiliary should be identified, while the tense or perfective auxiliaries are different lexemes. Moreover, the copula has the same description across all the Romance languages. While they all are argument inheritance verbs, the copula and the tense or perfective auxiliaries differ with respect to their complement structure: (i) the second only have one complement structure (the complement participle is complement unsaturated), the copula has two complement structures (the predicate is either complement saturated or unsaturated); (ii) French and Italian tense auxiliaries are the head of a flat VP, where the participle is sister to its subcategorized complements, the Romanian perfective auxiliary is the head of a verbal complex; (iii) when the complement predicate is unsaturated, the Romance copula is the head of a flat VP.

Two consequences of the analysis are worth mentioning. First, the copula (and the passive auxiliary) should not be taken into account when stating the environments for auxiliary selection in French and Italian. Second, argument inheritance and complement structure are different phenomena, and argue in favor of theories which systematically distinguish between valence features and constituent structures.
Linking experiencer-subject psych verb constructions in Modern Greek
Authors: Kordoni Valia
Published: December 2021

This paper focuses on the semantic properties and the syntactic behaviour of Modern Greek (hence MG) Experiencer-Subject Psych Verb Constructions (hence ESPVCs).
MG ESPVCs include verbs like miso (hate), agapo (love), or latrevo (adore), which feature a nominative experiencer in agreement with the verb and an accusative theme (see examples (1)-(3)). MG ESPVCs include also predicates like fovame (fear), which feature an experiencer-subject in agreement with the verb and either an accusative theme (example (4)), or a theme as the object of a prepositional phrase (example (5)). We should underline here that examples (4) and (5) below convey the same meaning. That is, they do NOT differ semantically.

O    Gianis     misi       to   sholio.the Gianis.N hate.3S the school.A"John hates school."
O    Gianis     agapa    tin  Maria.the Gianis.N loves.3S the Maria.A"John loves Mary."
O    Gianis     latrevi      tin  musiki.the Gianis.N adore.3S the music.A"John adores music."
I      Maria     fovate  tis  kategides.the Maria.N fear.3S the storms.A"Maria is afraid of the storms."
I      Maria     fovate  me   tis   kategides.the Maria.N fear.3S with the storms.A"Maria is afraid of the storms."

The challenge that constructions like the ones in (4) and (5) pose lies on the split syntactic realization of the "experienced" (hence EXPD) semantic role (i.e., the theme), which in constructions like (4) is syntactically realized as the object of the sentence, while in constructions like (5) it is syntactically realized as the object of a prepositional phrase.
Our aim is to propose a unified linking account of the MG ESPVCs. This unified account

is based on the assumption that the individual denoted by the object NP (or PP) of the MG ESPVCs is entailed to be semantically underspecified, and
makes use of Wechsler's (1995) Notion Rule, Davis and Koenig's (2000) linking theory, as well as Markantonatou and Sadler's (1996) proposal for the linking of indirect arguments.

 
References
Davis, A.R. and J.-P. Koenig (2000). Linking as constraints on word classes in a hierarchical lexicon. Language 76, 56-91.
Markantonatou, S. and L. Sadler (1996). Linking Indirect Arguments. Essex Research Reports in Linguistics 9, 24-63.
Wechsler, S. (1995). The Semantic Basis of Argument Structure. Stanford: CSLI Publications. Series: Dissertations in Linguistics, Joan Bresnan, Sharon Inkelas, William J. Poser, and Peter Sells (eds.).
French reportive comme clauses
Authors: Desmets Marianne , Roussarie Laurent
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we present a surface-based analysis of a specific type of French parenthetical adjunct clauses introduced by the adverb comme (similar to as in English). The construction we focus on belongs to the domain of reported speech, and we call it reportive-comme clause (RCC). The set of data we consider exhibits a large amount of notable properties that can only be fully explained under the assumption of constructional constraints. Therefore, following Sag (1997) and Abeillé et al. (1998), we base our approach on the central notion of "construction". We claim that RCCs are adverbial extraction contexts. We integrate them in a cross-classified typed hierarchy as a subtype of relative clauses, and a subtype of head-adjunct and head-filler phrases. Semantic specifications of RCCs are expressed with constraints on different levels. We draw a general distinction between head-modifier adjuncts and parenthetical adjuncts in order to account for the fact that parenthetical adjuncts do not contribute the referential content of the head phrase they selected for. We posit two subtypes of RCCs determined by a Direct speech (and quotative) vs. Indirect speech distribution of properties. The two sets of defining constraints allow to characterize the restricted classes of verbs possible in the different RCCs, the syntactic realization (gap or pronominal affix) of their object argument and its anaphoric semantics. This treatment constitutes a more general proposal for direct speech or quoted argument selection, which is known as a puzzling problem of the syntax-semantic interface. It innovates in presenting a formalized account of reported speech phenomena and present a typed-based classification of the semantic relations of reported speech predicates.
Invited tutorial on Norwegian grammar
Authors: Hellan Lars , Nordgård Torbjørn
Published: December 2021

This presentation is essentially a "guided tour of interesting sites" of the Norwegian language: passive, presentational constructions, anaphora and V2 patterns. The data is related to issues concerning Argument Structure and whether the analysis of root clauses in Norwegian should include a node "C" hosting the finite verb. The paper points to areas of Norwegian grammar which constitutes possible challenges to central proposals made in the HPSG literature, but, in addition, it sketches possible analyses within the HPSG framework.
compositional account of VP-ellipsis
Authors: Egg Markus , Erk Katrin
Published: December 2021

We present an approach to VP ellipsis that allows the direct derivation of source and target sentences (the former need not be unique) during semantic construction. Specific syntactic constituent structures are associated with ellipsis potential, which can then be discharged by pro-verbs like did (too). The determination of source and target sentence, which is done with semantic features in an HPSG framework, is coupled with a comprehensive analysis of ellipsis, which also handles its interaction with scope and anaphora.
Clausal complement or adverbial clause?
Authors: Kikuta Chiharu Uda
Published: December 2021

This paper proposes a constraint-based, comprehensive analysis of the Internally-Headed Relative Clause (IHRC) in Japanese which is able to accommodate the synchronic properties as well as the diachronic change that IHRC went through. This paper claims that IHRC should be defined as a special type of non-head daughter of the main predicate. The predicate is subcategorized for a clause, while it calls for an entity-like argument. The multi-level architecture of HPSG accommodates the apparent syntax-semantic mismatch. The IHRC is syntactically a clausal complement, while it is not semantically selected by the main predicate. The main predicate, on the other hand, selects an entity as its argument, but the entity is not syntactically given. I claim that the syntax of IHRC specifies this much. The rest, or the actual linkage between the predicate and the semantically required target entity is semantically or pragmatically achieved. Drawing on the ideas of Argument Realization and Argument Extension with the postulation of the interface level DEPENDENTS proposed in Bouma et al. (2001), I have demonstrated how the present proposal can connect the clausal complement, IHRC, and adverbial clauses, thus providing the structural aspect of the motivation for the diachronic change.
morphology of German particle verbs
Authors: Müller Stefan
Published: December 2021

The fact that inflectional affixes always attach to the verbal stem leads to the bracketing paradox in the case of particle verbs since the semantic contribution of the inflectional information scopes over the complete particle verb. I will discuss nominalizations and adjective derivation, which are also problematic because of various bracketing paradoxes. I will suggest a solution to these paradoxes that assumes that inflectional and derivational prefixes and suffixes always attach to a form of a stem that contains the information about particles already, but without containing a phonological realization of the particle. The particle is a dependent of the verb and is combined with its head after inflection and derivation. With such an approach no rebracketing mechanisms are necessary.
Remarks on marking
Authors: Tseng Jesse
Published: December 2021

This paper calls for a reexamination of the Marking Theory of HPSG, which in its standard form involves a considerable amount of dedicated formal machinery, but which proves to be inapplicable for most types of grammatical marking. As an alternative, it is demonstrated that head-marker phrases can be reanalyzed as head-complement structures, with the marking element treated as the syntactic head. This approach allows the elimination of all marking-specific formal apparatus, with the exception of the attribute MARKING, which percolates as an ordinary HEAD feature, and whose function is significantly expanded.

The proposed approach allows marking elements to be related to other lexical heads (prepositions, in particular), and marking constructions are better integrated in the grammar, rather than being grouped into an exceptional class of head-marker phrases.
Irish gaps and resumptive pronouns in HPSG
Authors: Vaillette Nathan
Published: December 2021

Unbounded dependency constructions in Irish, such as relative clauses, can be made with both gaps, as in (1), and resumptive pronouns, as in (2) (examples from (McCloskey 1979)):
          (1)  an   fear  a    dúirt  mé  a   shíl          mé  a    beadh       — ann                 the man AL  said   I      AL thought  I      AL  would-be — there                 'the man that I said that I thought would be there'
          (2)  an  t-úrscéal ar  mheas   mé gur thuig            mé é                 the novel      AN thought I     GO  understood I     it                 'the novel that I thought I understood'
This paper will sketch an HPSG treatment of such constructions and their interactions with the distribution of the sentence-initial particles GO, AL, and AN. We focus particularly on relative clauses and constituent questions but believe that the same analysis can be extended to other gap and resumptive constructions. We analyze resumptives with a nonlocal feature RESUMP which is propagated like the SLASH feature used for gaps. This is supported by the existence of a particle pattern that marks intermediate clauses in resumptive dependencies. We also discuss some exceptional particle patterns associated with bare NP adverbials and shown how they can be incorporated into the analysis, though certain unresolved problems remain.
 
References
McCloskey, J. (1979). Transformational Syntax and Model-Theoretic Semantics: A Case Study in Modern Irish. Dordrecht: Reidel.
Suppletion and dependency in inflectional morphology
Authors: Bonami Olivier , Boyé Gilles
Published: December 2021

This paper presents a general approach to verbal inflection with special emphasis on suppletion phenomena. The paper focuses on French, but the approach is general enough to apply to a wide variety of languages.

In the first part of the paper, we show that suppletion is not erratic: suppletive forms tend to always appear in groups, in definite areas of verbal paradigms. Our analysis is based on the observation of a number of dependency relations between inflectional forms of verbs (somewhat similar to rules of referral (Zwicky 1985, Stump 1993)). We define for each language a stem dependency tree based on these observations, which allows one to predict the whole paradigm of every verb in the language on the basis of a minimal number of idiosyncratic stems. We use the tree to minimize the quantity of redundant phonological information that has to be listed in the lexicon for a given lexeme, assuming that an optimal analysis of inflection should be able to derive all and only intuitively predictable inflectional forms from a single representation.

The second part of the paper attempts to integrate the analysis in an HPSG hierarchical lexicon. Morphological dependency relations are represented directly by mentioning a lexical sign in another sign's lexical entry. The approach to suppletion proposed in the first part is made explicit using a combination of online type construction and default constraints on the phonology of dependent signs.
Bech's problem, again
Authors: Campbell-Kibler Kathryn
Published: December 2021

I present a treatment of the Dutch R-pronouns in HPSG drawing on Linearization Theory as developed in Reape (1996) and Kathol (1995,2000). R-pronouns in Dutch are a set of locatives which also serve as pronominal arguments of prepositions, and as such may form non-local dependencies. Linearization and techniques of domain union, compaction and partial compaction allow for a straightforward analysis of these dependencies. I focus my analysis on the light R-pronoun er, and its iteration with two homophonous items, the quantitative and expletive ers.

Using the sign/construction distinction developed in Donohue and Sag (1999) and Sag (2001), I implement Kathol's notion of partial compaction in constraints on constructions of type prepositional-phrase, noun-phrase, etc. This places the phonological content of the R-pronoun or quantitative er in the DOMAIN list as a free agent, able to appear in the clause disconnected from the original selector. This use of linearization also permits a haplology rule to capture the idiosyncratic co-occurrence behavior that occurs when multiple functions of er appear together within a clause.
On a type-based analysis of feature neutrality and the coordination of unlikes
Authors: Daniels Michael W.
Published: December 2021

(Ingria 1990)'s claims that both feature neutrality, where a sign acts in a sentence as though it simultaneously had multiple values for a single feature, and the coordination of unlike categories, where the features of two or more conjuncts differ from each other, pose fundamental problems for unification-based theories of grammar do not apply to constraint-based theories like HPSG.

New types can be introduced into the hierarchy of appropriate values for any given feature that directly represent neutralizations and coordinations. In this manner, feature neutralization and the coordination of unlikes are seen to be different aspects of the same problem: how to determine the values of a coordinate mother's features from those of its conjuncts.
EDGE features and French liaison
Authors: Tseng Jesse L.
Published: December 2021

This paper presents a descriptive overview of liaison, giving an idea of the scope of the phenomenon and possible approaches to its analysis. As for the contextual conditions on liaison, in many cases, the traditional notions of obligatory and prohibited liaison do not reflect speakers' actual behavior. It turns out that general syntactic constraints cannot determine the systematic presence or absence of liaison at a given word boundary. At best, specific constraints can be formulated to target particular classes of constructions. To express such constraints, I propose a system of representation in the framework of HPSG. The use of EDGE features (introduced by Miller (1992) for a GPSG treatment of French) provides the necessary link between phrasal descriptions and the properties of phrase-peripheral elements.
Case marking in Korean auxiliary verb constructions
Authors: Yoo Eun-Jung
Published: December 2021

This paper deals with case marking in auxiliary verb constructions (AVCs) in Korean, and investigates how the case marking pattern in AVCs can be explained in terms of structural case resolution in the spirit of Pollard 1994, Heinz & Matiasek 1994, and Przepiórkowski 1999. In this paper, a new set of data involving various combinations of auxiliary verbs is presented to point out problems for both transformational analyses based on head movement and previous HPSG analyses in which the final auxiliary verb solely determines the case of the complements of the whole complex predicate. This paper shows that while most auxiliary verbs "inherit" the case marking property of the preceding verb, the auxiliary verbs siph- 'want' and ha- 'act like' have an additional property of assigning nominative and accusative case, respectively, to their complements. The actual case assignment by these auxiliary verbs is made possible, however, depending on what other kind of auxiliary verbs they are combined with. Based on the complex predicate analysis of AVCs, this paper proposes that complicated case patterns in AVCs can be accounted for by classification of verbs/auxiliary verbs via distinct feature values and by the mechanism of structural case resolution.
Topics First! In- and outside of Bulgarian wh-interrogatives
Authors: Jaeger Florian
Published: December 2021

In Jaeger (to appear) I have described clitic doubling in Bulgarian
wh-interrogatives which constitutes a type of Superiority violation that cannot
be accounted for by any existing analyses. By showing that clitic doubling of
object wh-phrases marks topicality, I raised the hypothesis that many (or maybe
all) so called Superiority effects in Bulgarian are due to topic-fronting of
wh-phrases. Here, I provide further support for this hypothesis and show that
there is also evidence for topic-fronting of non-object wh-phrases. Differences
between colloquial and formal Bulgarian are restricted to how topical objects
have to be realized at the source of the extraction (i.e. the VP), which also
makes the account readily extendable to other multiple fronting languages. The
complex ordering constraints on the left periphery are captured in a Linear
Syntax approach (similar to but different from Kathol 2000).
Capturing word order asymmetries in English Left-Peripheral Constructions: A Domain-Based Approach
Authors: Chung Chan , Kim Jong-Bok
Published: December 2021

Left-Peripheral Constructions: A Domain-Based Approach
Even though the word order in English is rather straightforward,
the distributional possibilities of left-peripheral elements like
topic phrases, wh-phrases, and negative operators
(introducing an SAI) are quite intriguing and complex. In
particular, there seems to exist no straightforward way of
capturing the linear order asymmetries of these elements in the
main and embedded clauses. The prevailing analyses have resorted
to movement processes with multiple functional projections. The
goal of this paper is to explore an alternative analysis to such
movement-based analyses. In particular, this paper adopts the
notion of topological fields (DOMAIN) proposed by Kathol (2000,
2001) within the framework of HPSG. The paper shows that within
this DOMAIN system, the distributional possibilities as well as
the asymmetries we find in English left peripheral constructions
can easily follow from the two traditional views: (i) a topic
precedes a focus element, and (ii) in English a wh-phrase
and a complementizer competes with each other for the same
position.
Pied piping is a local dependency
Authors: Van Eynde Frank
Published: December 2021

To model the pied piping in interrogative and exclamative clauses Ginzburg & Sag (2000) proposes a
nonlocal head-driven treatment, thus emphasizing the resemblances with extraction. This treatment
has a number of drawbacks: it relies on poorly motivated lexical rules and nonbranching phrase
structure rules, it makes false predictions about pied piping in PPs, and it presupposes an
implausible structure for NPs with predeterminers. To solve these problems I propose an alternative
in which pied piping is treated as a local functor-driven dependency. Technically, the WH feature
is integrated in the CATEGORY objects, and the propagation of its values is modeled by constraints
which are independently needed for the treatment of other phenomena.
A compound matrix
Authors: Søgaard Anders
Published: December 2021

This paper presents a suplement to the Grammar Matrix, namely what I call a
Compound Matrix ; in reality, it is not a matrix, since the type file includes
a fully specified cross-linguistic inventory of compound types. The idea is
that the grammar writer can comment out the ungrammatical types for his or her
own language. The theory behind the typology is presented here in a bottom-up
fashion, from the basic assumptions to the actual linguistic types.
GIDLP: A grammar format for linearization-based HPSG
Authors: Daniels Michael W. , Meurers W. Detmar
Published: December 2021

Linearization-based HPSG theories are widely used for analyzing languages with
relatively free constituent order. This paper introduces the Generalized ID/LP
(GIDLP) grammar format, which supports a direct encoding of such theories, and
discusses key aspects of a parser that makes use of the dominance, precedence,
and linearization domain information explicitly encoded in this grammar
format. We show that GIDLP grammars avoid the explosion in the number of rules
required under a traditional phrase structure analysis of free constituent
order. As a result, GIDLP grammars supportmore modular and compact grammar
encodings and require fewer edges in parsing.