bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduced Insulin-like Growth Factor I Receptor and Altered Insulin Receptor Isoform mRNAs in Normal Mucosa Predict Colorectal Adenoma Risk
Authors: Santoro M. Agostina , Andres Sarah F. , Galanko Joseph A. , Sandler Robert S. , Keku Temitope O. , Lund P. Kay
Published: July 2014

Background: Hyperinsulinemia resulting from obesity and insulin resistance is associated with increased risk of many cancers, but the biology underlying this risk is unclear. We hypothesized that increased mRNA levels of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGFIR) versus the insulin receptor (IR) or elevated ratio of IR-A:IR-B isoforms in normal rectal mucosa would predict adenoma risk, particularly in individuals with high body mass index (BMI) or plasma insulin.

Methods: Biopsies from normal rectal mucosa were obtained from consenting patients undergoing routine colonoscopy at University of North Carolina Hospitals (Chapel Hill, NC). Subjects with colorectal adenomas were classified as cases (n = 100) and were matched to adenoma-free controls (n = 98) based on age, sex, and BMI. IGFIR and IR mRNA levels were assessed by qRT-PCR, and IR-A:IR-B mRNA ratios by standard PCR. Plasma insulin and crypt apoptosis were measured by ELISA and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), respectively. Logistic regression models examined relationships between receptor mRNAs, BMI, plasma insulin, and adenoma risk.

Results: Unexpectedly, cases were significantly more likely to have lower IGFIR mRNA levels than controls. No overall differences in total IR mRNA or IR-A:IR-B ratios were observed between cases and controls. Interestingly, in patients with high plasma insulin, increased IR-A:IR-B ratio was associated with increased likelihood of having adenomas.

Conclusions: Our work shows novel findings that reduced IGFIR mRNA and, during high plasma insulin, increased IR-A:IR-B ratios in normal rectal mucosa are associated with colorectal adenoma risk.

Impact: Our work provides evidence supporting a link between IGFIR and IR isoform expression levels and colorectal adenoma risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(10); 2093–100. ©2014 AACR.
A Multilevel Model of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Incidence
Authors: Hiatt Robert A. , Porco Travis C. , Liu Fengchen , Balke Kaya , Balmain Allan , Barlow Janice , Braithwaite Dejana , Diez-Roux Ana V. , Kushi Lawrence H. , Moasser Mark M. , Werb Zena , Windham Gayle C. , Rehkopf David H.
Published: July 2014

Background: Breast cancer has a complex etiology that includes genetic, biologic, behavioral, environmental, and social factors. Etiologic factors are frequently studied in isolation with adjustment for confounding, mediating, and moderating effects of other factors. A complex systems model approach may present a more comprehensive picture of the multifactorial etiology of breast cancer.

Methods: We took a transdisciplinary approach with experts from relevant fields to develop a conceptual model of the etiology of postmenopausal breast cancer. The model incorporated evidence of both the strength of association and the quality of the evidence. We operationalized this conceptual model through a mathematical simulation model with a subset of variables, namely, age, race/ethnicity, age at menarche, age at first birth, age at menopause, obesity, alcohol consumption, income, tobacco use, use of hormone therapy (HT), and BRCA1/2 genotype.

Results: In simulating incidence for California in 2000, the separate impact of individual variables was modest, but reduction in HT, increase in the age at menarche, and to a lesser extent reduction in excess BMI >30 kg/m2 were more substantial.

Conclusions: Complex systems models can yield new insights on the etiologic factors involved in postmenopausal breast cancer. Modification of factors at a population level may only modestly affect risk estimates, while still having an important impact on the absolute number of women affected.

Impact: This novel effort highlighted the complexity of breast cancer etiology, revealed areas of challenge in the methodology of developing complex systems models, and suggested additional areas for further study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(10); 2078–92. ©2014 AACR.
High-Risk Borderline Ovarian Tumors: Analysis of Clinicopathological Features and Prognostic Impact of Different Follow-Up Strategies
Authors: Lorusso Domenica , Ratti Martina , Ditto Antonino , Raspagliesi Francesco
Published: July 2014

Objectives: Borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) represent 10-20% of all epithelial ovarian malignancies. Most of them are comparable to benign cysts but a high-risk group has been recognized. The aim of the study was to analyze different follow-up strategies in high-risk patients. Method: Patients with BOT treated at our institution from 1992 to 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinicopathological features influencing prognosis were analyzed and two different follow-up strategies compared [6-month laparoscopic look (LPS-look): group A vs. ultrasound/CA-125 evaluation: group B]. Results: 70 patients with high-risk BOTs were identified. After a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 43 months, 27% of patients experienced recurrences. Six months after diagnosis, 26 high-risk patients were submitted to LPS-look: at surgery, 6 out of 10 patients presenting evidence of disease were optimally debulked while in the remaining 4, only biopsies were performed. No difference in PFS was registered between group A and B patients, nevertheless a significant increase in PFS was registered among completely versus incompletely debulked patients with evidence of disease at laparoscopy. Conclusion: Clinical follow-up remains the gold standard for BOTs. These very preliminary data seem to suggest that LPS-look may have an impact on the secondary PFS in a subgroup of high-risk patients.
Lipid Profile Components and Subclinical Cerebrovascular Disease in the Northern Manhattan Study
Authors: Willey Joshua Z. , Gardener Hannah , Moon Yeseon P. , Yoshita Mitsuhiro , DeCarli Charles , Cheung Ying Kuen , Sacco Ralph L. , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Wright Clinton B.
Published: July 2014

Background: Subclinical cerebrovascular disease has been associated with multiple adverse events related to aging, including stroke and dementia. The modifiable risk factors for subclinical cerebrovascular disease beyond hypertension have not been well characterized. Our objective was to examine the association between baseline, and changes over time, in lipid profile components and subclinical cerebrovascular disease on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: Fasting plasma lipids were collected on participants in the Northern Manhattan Study, a prospective cohort study examining risk factors for cardiovascular disease in a multiethnic elderly urban-dwelling population. A subsample of the cohort underwent brain MRI between 2003 and 2008 (a median of 6.2 years, range = 0-14, after enrollment), when repeat fasting lipids were obtained. We used lipid profile components at the time of initial enrollment (n = 1,256 with lipids available) as categorical variables, as well as change in clinical categories over the two measures (n = 1,029). The main outcome measures were (1) total white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV) using linear regression and (2) silent brain infarcts (SBI) using logistic regression. Results: None of the plasma lipid profile components at the time of enrollment were associated with WMHV. The association between baseline lipids and WMHV was, however, modified by apolipoprotein E (apoE) status (χ2 with 2 degrees of freedom, p = 0.03), such that among apoE4 carriers those with total cholesterol (TC) ≥200 mg/dl had a trend towards smaller WMHV than those with TC <200 mg/dl (difference in log​WMHV -0.19, p = 0.07), while there was no difference among apoE3 carriers. When examining the association between WMHV and change in lipid profile components we noted an association with change in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, >50 mg/dl for women, >40 mg/dl for men) and TC. A transition from low-risk HDL-C (>50 mg/dl for women, >40 mg/dl for men) at baseline to high-risk HDL-C at the time of MRI (vs. starting and remaining low risk) was associated with greater WMHV (difference in logWMHV 0.34, p value 0.03). We noted a similar association with transitioning to a TC ≥200 mg/dl at the time of MRI (difference in logWMHV 0.25, p value 0.006). There were no associations with baseline or change in lipid profile components with SBI. Conclusions: The association of plasma lipid profile components with greater WMHV may depend on apoE genotype and worsening HDL and TC risk levels over time.
Association of Leptin Gene -2548 G/A Polymorphism with Obesity: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Ling , Yuan Lin-Hong , Xiao Yun , Lu Ming-yang , Zhang Li-jing , Wang Yin
Published: July 2014

Background: A common single-nucleotide polymorphism identified in the 5′-untranslated region of the leptin gene (LEP -2548 G/A polymorphism) may be associated with obesity, but the existing research findings are inconsistent, so we conducted this meta-analysis. Methods: Medline, Embase and ISI Web of Science databases were searched to identify relevant studies. Meta-analysis of the total and subgroup populations was conducted using allelic, additive, dominant and recessive models, and odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated in a fixed-effect model if no heterogeneity (evaluated as I2 statistic) existed. Otherwise, a random-effects model was adopted. Subgroup analysis was performed by ethnicity. Meta-regression and the HETRED analysis were used to explore the potential sources of between-study heterogeneity. Egger's test and influence analysis were conducted to evaluate the publication bias and study power, respectively. Results: The final selection enrolled 9 studies, including 2,988 subjects (1,372 obese subjects and 1,616 controls). No significant association was identified between the LEP -2548 G/A polymorphism and obesity for all genetic models in the overall population and Caucasians. We found a significant association with allelic, additive and dominant models for subjects of mixed race from South America. Notwithstanding, this significance should be treated cautiously for it is based on a rather small sample (788 involved subjects). Conclusions: In total, the combined analysis of data from current and published studies suggested that the LEP -2548 G/A polymorphism does not contribute to the development of obesity, despite the fact that a significant association exists in a small subgroup from South America. Further studies are needed to elucidate the relationship.
Is MSAFP Still a Useful Test for Detecting Open Neural Tube Defects and Ventral Wall Defects in the Era of First-Trimester and Early Second-Trimester Fetal Anatomical Ultrasounds?
Authors: Roman Ashley S. , Gupta Simi , Fox Nathan S. , Saltzman Daniel , Klauser Chad K. , Rebarber Andrei
Published: July 2014

Introduction: To evaluate whether maternal serum α-fetoprotein (MSAFP) improves the detection rate for open neural tube defects (ONTDs) and ventral wall defects (VWD) in patients undergoing first-trimester and early second-trimester fetal anatomical survey. Material and Methods: A cohort of women undergoing screening between 2005 and 2012 was identified. All patients were offered an ultrasound at between 11 weeks and 13 weeks and 6 days of gestational age for nuchal translucency/fetal anatomy followed by an early second-trimester ultrasound at between 15 weeks and 17 weeks and 6 days of gestational age for fetal anatomy and MSAFP screening. All cases of ONTD and VWD were identified via query of billing and reporting software. Sensitivity and specificity for detection of ONTD/VWD were calculated, and groups were compared using the Fisher exact test, with p < 0.05 as significance. Results: A total of 23,790 women met the criteria for inclusion. Overall, 15 cases of ONTD and 17 cases of VWD were identified; 100% of cases were diagnosed by ultrasound prior to 18 weeks' gestation; none were diagnosed via MSAFP screening (p < 0.001). First-trimester and early second-trimester ultrasound had 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for diagnosing ONTD/VWD. Discussion: Ultrasound for fetal anatomy during the first and early second trimester detected 100% of ONTD/VWD in our population. MSAFP is not useful as a screening tool for ONTD and VWD in the setting of this ultrasound screening protocol.
Haptic Breakage after Transscleral Fixation of a Single-Piece Acrylic Intraocular Lens
Authors: Tanaka Hiroki , Fujinami Kaoru , Watanabe Ken , Noda Toru , Akiyama Kunihiko
Published: July 2014

Purpose: To report the case of a patient with a damaged haptic of an acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) after transscleral IOL fixation. Methods: This is a retrospective and descriptive case report. Results: A 40-year-old man presented with sudden visual loss in the left eye. He had undergone phacoemulsification/aspiration and IOL implantation 3 years previously and IOL repositioning with transscleral fixation 2 years before the initial visit. His visual acuity was 0.3 in the left eye due to corneal edema caused by a foreign body, i.e., the severed haptic tip of the single-piece acrylic IOL, which was surgically removed. The IOL itself was tilted and therefore explanted. The surface of the tip of the haptic suggested that the monofilament suture thread had exerted continuous force across the haptic. Conclusions: The haptics of acrylic IOLs can be damaged after transscleral fixation.
A Mechanism of Tropical Convection Inferred from Observed Variability in the Moist Static Energy Budget
Authors: Masunaga Hirohiko , L’Ecuyer Tristan S.
Published: July 2014

Temporal variability in the moist static energy (MSE) budget is studied with measurements from a combination of different satellites including the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and A-Train platforms. A composite time series before and after the development of moist convection is obtained from the observations to delineate the evolution of MSE and moisture convergences and, in their combination, gross moist stability (GMS). A new algorithm is then applied to estimate large-scale vertical motion from energy budget constraints through vertical-mode decomposition into first and second baroclinic modes and a background shallow mode. The findings are indicative of a possible mechanism of tropical convection. A gradual destabilization is brought about by the MSE convergence intrinsic to the positive second baroclinic mode (congestus mode) that increasingly counteracts a weak MSE divergence in the background state. GMS is driven to nearly zero as the first baroclinic mode begins to intensify, accelerating the growth of vigorous large-scale updrafts and deep convection. As the convective burst peaks, the positive second mode switches to the negative mode (stratiform mode) and introduces an abrupt rise in MSE divergence that likely discourages further maintenance of deep convection. The first mode quickly dissipates and GMS increases away from zero, eventually returning to the background shallow-mode state. A notable caveat to this scenario is that GMS serves as a more reliable metric when defined with a radiative heating rate included to offset MSE convergence.
Simulation of Monsoon Depressions Using WRF-VAR: Impact of Different Background Error Statistics and Lateral Boundary Conditions
Authors: Routray A. , Kar S. C. , Mali P. , Sowjanya K.
Published: July 2014

In a variational data assimilation system, background error statistics (BES) spread the influence of the observations in space and filter analysis increments through dynamic balance or statistical relationships. In a data-sparse region such as the Bay of Bengal, BES play an important role in defining the location and structure of monsoon depressions (MDs). In this study, the Indian-region-specific BES have been computed for the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) three-dimensional variational data assimilation system. A comparative study using single observation tests is carried out using the computed BES and global BES within the WRF system. Both sets of BES are used in the assimilation cycles and forecast runs for simulating the meteorological features associated with the MDs. Numerical experiments have been conducted to assess the relative impact of various BES in the analysis and simulations of the MDs. The results show that use of regional BES in the assimilation cycle has a positive impact on the prediction of the location, propagation, and development of rainbands associated with the MDs. The track errors of MDs are smaller when domain-specific BES are used in the assimilation cycle. Additional experiments have been conducted using data from the Interim European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) as initial and boundary conditions (IBCs) in the assimilation cycle. The results indicate that the use of domain-dependent BES and high-resolution ERA-I data as IBCs further improved the initial conditions for the model leading to better forecasts of the MDs.
A Lifelong Learning Scale for Research and Evaluation of Teaching and Curricular Effectiveness
Authors: Wielkiewicz Richard M. , Meuwissen Alyssa S.
Published: July 2014

A 16-item lifelong learning scale (LLS), appropriate for college students and others, was evaluated using a sample of 575 college students. The scale demonstrated excellent reliability and was correlated with college grade point average (GPA), agreeableness, conscientiousness, and intellect/imagination. Scores were higher for those who had studied abroad. First-year and senior management majors differed whereas first-year and senior psychology majors did not. Women and seniors had higher scores, whereas the difference between senior men and women was almost negligible. Through its association with a broad array of measures associated positively with academic performance (e.g., college GPA), and negatively (e.g., sending text messages while in class), the scale showed excellent construct validity.
Assessing the Perceived Value of Research Participation
Authors: VanWormer Lisa A. , Jordan Erica F. , Blalock Lisa Durrance
Published: July 2014

Undergraduate psychology majors are encouraged to engage in research to improve understanding of research methods and increase research skills. This study examines the potential of volunteering as a research participant to increase student perceptions of knowledge and interest in research. Undergraduate students completed a survey regarding the value of research participation. Results showed that across all classifications (i.e., freshmen, sophomore, junior, and senior), students reported higher levels of both understanding research and interest in research after research participation. Given these results, we suggest that including research participation as a part of the psychology undergraduate curriculum can serve as an effective hands-on experience for all undergraduate students.
“Waiting to Fail” Redux
Authors: Al Otaiba Stephanie , Wagner Richard K. , Miller Brett
Published: July 2014

This introduction to the special series provides an overview of the promise, and the ongoing challenges, related to Response to Intervention (RTI) as a means of both prevention and identification of reading disabilities. We conclude by describing the articles in this special series and considering their implications for future research.
Stroke Patient Rehabilitation
Authors: Carabeo Christle Grace G. , Dalida Charisse May M. , Padilla Erica Marla Z. , Rodrigo Ma. Mercedes T.
Published: July 2014

Background

Cerebral vascular accidents (strokes) are the primary cause of disability worldwide and the second leading cause of death both in the Philippines and internationally. In recent years, a number of computer-based applications have been developed to assist in the stroke recovery process.

Aim

This article discusses an Android-based tablet game, FINDEX, that aids in the rehabilitation process of stroke survivors with impaired fine motor skills.

Method

FINDEX was designed and developed in the Philippines. The game contains assessment and monitoring support for tracking the patient’s progress in terms of fine finger dexterity, for example, finger control, isolation and coordination, and range of motions. The baselines for data comparison and analysis were gathered through an initial test with subjects with normal hand function. Three stroke survivors then participated in a pilot study, using the game for a total of nine testing sessions.

Results

Objective measures showed that patients’ dexterity did in fact improve, although it is not possible to draw strong conclusions because of the small sample size. In subsequent interviews, patients indicated that they believed that the games helped in their recovery and said that they preferred playing with the game over performing the standard therapeutic activities.

Conclusion

The development of this game and the preliminary findings from the pilot study suggest that games may indeed be effective instruments for therapy.
Communication Skills for Medical Students
Authors: Koponen Jonna , Pyörälä Eeva , Isotalus Pekka
Published: July 2014

Background

In medical students’ communication training, the doctor-patient encounter can be simulated through experiential learning methods, such as simulated patients (SPs) and role-play. However, more theater and drama education–based methods have not been widely used in the context of medical education.

Aim

In this mixed-method study, we compare SPs, role-play, and Theatre in Education (TIE) method in teaching interpersonal communication competence (ICC) to medical students. We describe how a course in communication was based on the communication in the disciplines (CID) theoretical framework and principles of experiential learning and reflection.

Method

Second-year medical students ( n = 132) were randomly assigned to three groups where SPs, role-play, and TIE method were used. Data were collected by a questionnaire, focus group interviews, and a translated version of the Communication Skills Attitude Scale. Data were analyzed using statistical methods, qualitative content analysis, and cross-case analysis.

Results

The results show that (a) the medical students perceived all three methods favorably, (b) the students’ self-reported learning outcomes were very similar in the three groups, and (c) the students’ attitudes to learning communication skills became more positive as the training progressed.

Conclusion

We present a model that can be used in designing and implementing specialty-specific communication training in other disciplines than medicine as well.
The Mass Media and Adolescent Socialization
Authors: Beaudoin Christopher E.
Published: July 2014

Despite the importance of the mass media to adolescent socialization, mass media effects on descriptive norms have, to a large degree, been neglected in the literature. Based on social comparison theory and with data from a national survey of U.S. adolescents ( N = 1,436), this study examines how advertising exposure and attention predict descriptive norms specific to unhealthy food consumption. Advertising attention, as compared to exposure, had stronger positive associations with descriptive norms specific to three reference groups (i.e., family, close friends, and students at school). Advertising effects were stronger in two cases for older adolescents than for younger adolescents.
Tailoring the grooved texture of electrospun polystyrene nanofibers by controlling the solvent system and relative humidity
Authors: Liu Wanjun , Huang Chen , Jin Xiangyu
Published: July 2014

In this study, we have successfully fabricated electrospun polystyrene (PS) nanofibers having a diameter of 326 ± 50 nm with a parallel grooved texture using a mixed solvent of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). We discovered that solvent system, solution concentration, and relative humidity were the three key factors to the formation of grooved texture and the diameter of nanofibers. We demonstrated that grooved nanofibers with desired properties (e.g., different numbers of grooves, widths between two adjacent grooves, and depths of grooves) could be electrospun under certain conditions. When THF/DMF ratio was higher than 2:1, the formation mechanism of single grooved texture should be attributed to the formation of voids on the jet surface at the early stage of electrospinning and subsequent elongation and solidification of the voids into a line surface structure. When THF/DMF ratio was 1:1, the formation mechanism of grooved texture should be ascribed to the formation of wrinkled surface on the jet surface at the early stage of electrospinning and subsequent elongation into a grooved texture. Such findings can serve as guidelines for the preparation of grooved nanofibers with desired secondary morphology.
Enhancement of luminous efficiency by hybrid structure for warm white light-emitting diodes
Authors: Sher Chin-Wei , Chen Kuo-Ju , Lin Chien-Chung , Han Hau-Vei , Lin Bing-Cheng , Wang Kuan-Yu , Li Jie-Ru , Wang Mei-Tan , Hwang Jung-Min , Shih Min-Hsiung , Fu Chien-Chung , Kuo Hao-Chung
Published: July 2014

This study demonstrates the hybrid structure with high lumen efficiency and uniform angular-dependent correlated color temperature (CCT) for warm white LED. Compared to the conventional structures, the hybrid structure combines the advantage of the two different fabrication methods including dispense and pulse spray method together, which can produce the high quality lighting source. The experimental results indicate that the hybrid structure yielded higher lumen efficiency than conventional phosphor structure because of the gradual refractive index difference from the coating layer to the dispense layer. Moreover, the CCT deviations of the hybrid phosphor structure could be reduced to 65 K in range of -70 to 70 degrees. This is attributed to the uniform color mixing of the blue, yellow and red band in the hybrid phosphor structure. In addition, the chromaticity coordinate shift compared to the hybrid structure with the dispense structure are almost the same at a current regulation from 20 mA to 500 mA. We believe that the technology of the hybrid structure with high lumen efficiency and uniform angular-dependent CCT is suitable for in the general lighting application.
The clinical significance, natural history and predictors of bone marrow lesion change over eight years
Authors: Foong Yi Chao , Khan Hussain Ijaz , Blizzard Leigh , Ding Changhai , Cicuttini Flavia , Jones Graeme , Aitken Dawn
Published: July 2014

Introduction

There is increasing evidence to suggest that bone marrow lesions (BMLs) play a key role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). However, there is a lack of long term data. The aim of this study was to describe the natural history of knee BMLs, their association with knee pain and examine predictors of BML change over eight years.

Methods

A total of 198 subjects (109 adult offspring of subjects who had a knee replacement and 89 community-based controls) were studied. Knee pain and BML size were assessed at two and ten year visits.

Results

At the two year visit, 64% of participants (n = 127) had 229 BMLs (34% patella, 26% femoral and 40% tibial). Over eight years, 24% (55/229) increased in size, 55% (125/229) remained stable and 21% (49/229) decreased in size or resolved completely. Of the participants without BMLs at baseline, 52% (37/71) developed incident BMLs.

After adjusting for confounders, eight year change in total BML size was associated with change in knee pain in offspring (β = 2.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96 to 4.05) but not controls. This association was stronger in males. Incident BMLs were associated with increase in pain (β = 3.60, 95% CI 1.14 to 6.05). Body mass index (BMI) and strenuous activity (but not radiographic osteoarthritis or smoking) were associated with an increase in BML size.

Conclusion

In this midlife cohort, the proportion of BMLs increasing in size was similar to those decreasing in size with the majority remaining stable. Change in BMLs was predicted by BMI and strenuous activity. An increase in BML size or a new BML resulted in an increase in pain especially in males and those with a family history of OA.
TRIM15 is a focal adhesion protein that regulates focal adhesion disassembly
Authors: Uchil Pradeep D. , Pawliczek Tobias , Reynolds Tracy D. , Ding Siyuan , Hinz Angelika , Munro James , Huang Fang , Floyd Robert W. , Yang Haitao , Hamilton Will , Bewersdorf Joerg , Xiong Yong , Calderwood David A. , Mothes Walther
Published: July 2014

Focal adhesions (FAs) are macromolecular complexes that connect the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. Dynamic turnover of FAs is critical for cell migration. Paxillin is a multi-adaptor protein that plays an important role in regulating FA dynamics. Here, we identify TRIM15, a member of the TRIpartite Motif protein family, as a paxillin-interacting factor and a component of FAs. TRIM15 localizes to focal contacts in a myosin II-independent manner by an interaction between its coiled coil domain and the LD2 motif of paxillin. Unlike other FA proteins, TRIM15 is a stable FA component with restricted mobility due to its ability to form oligomers. TRIM15-depleted cells display impaired cell migration and FA disassembly rates in addition to enlarged FAs. Thus, our studies demonstrate a cellular function for TRIM15 as a regulatory component of FA turnover and cell migration.
Changes in Informal Institutions in Poland and Transition Countries
Authors: Gruszewska Ewa
Published: July 2014

The research paper presents institutional systems of economies in the following transforming countries: Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia. The article aims at indicating the changes which have taken place in informal institutions' structures since the early nineties. It also attempts to determine how informal institutions are supporting formal institutions. Heading towards building new institutional systems, transforming countries face a barrier of slowly evolving informal institutions. A mismatch between institutional structures can be noticed in transforming countries. Low level of trust in people, resistance to new ideas, strong attachment to traditional behavioural patterns and excessive role of “connections”, relatively low level of self-expression, high expectations towards the state and its welfare functions, and low social activity within the society, can be observed. The institutional changes in informal components have been presented using data from World Values Survey, CEPII and G.Hofstede research.
Electronic Medical Records and Physician Productivity: Evidence from Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Bhargava Hemant K. , Mishra Abhay Nath
Published: July 2014

This paper studies the impact of an electronic medical record (EMR) system on the productivity of physicians. Physicians influence a vast majority of treatment decisions and are central to the care delivery process; thus, it is important to understand how EMRs may impact the nature of their work. Our research builds on prior literature on physician productivity, IT productivity, and task–technology fit theory. We use a unique panel data set comprising 87 physicians specializing in internal medicine, pediatrics, and family practice, located in 12 primary care clinics of an academic healthcare system in the western United States. We employ the Arellano–Bond system generalized method of moments estimation technique on our data set, which contains 3,186 physician-month productivity observations collected over 39 months. We find that productivity drops sharply immediately after technology implementation and recovers partly over the next few months. The ultimate, longer-term impact depends on physician specialty. The net impact of the EMR system is more benign on internal medicine physicians than on pediatricians and family practitioners. We postulate that the fit provided by an EMR system to the task requirements of physicians of various specialties may be key to disentangling the productivity dynamics. Our research finds that on one hand, present-day EMR systems do not produce the kind of productivity gain that could lead to substantial savings in healthcare; at the same time, EMRs do not cause a major productivity loss on a sustained basis, as many physicians fear.

This paper was accepted by Lorin Hitt, information systems.
On the functions of the ‘Music History’ subject in the training of music teachers
Authors: Carvalho Maria Cristina C. , Corrêa Antenor Ferreira
Published: July 2014

In this paper we propose some considerations about the courses of Music History in undergraduate programs aimed to the training of music teachers. We start with the following questions: What history is being taught?; How?; Why?; To what extent this teaching has been meaningful for training future musicians and music teachers? Following, we present reflections not with the intention to suggest categorical responses, but aimed at promoting discussions about the content of the History of music courses, pondering over the space in the curriculum devoted to the music of the Western European tradition when compared to that dedicated to the study of Brazilian music history. After that, we discuss on the contributions and the practical uses that the courses of Music History has been supplying to teachers that conclude Bachelor's Degree in Music. We analyze the usual methodologies for the transmission of content, and, finally, we recommend the inclusion of performance, composition and improvisation as didactical strategies as well as the clarification of historical features sedimented in the musical works in order to meet the proposed objectives to the study of Music History. The reflections presented throughout this paper were based on analysis of curricula and music programs adopted mostly in Brazilian universities, where the discipline Music History is mandatory.
Conceptual Framework to Assist Instrument Teachers to Embed Musical Improvisation into their Instructional Practice
Authors: Després Jean-Philippe , Dubé Francis
Published: July 2014

This essay aims at offering a conceptual framework to help instrument teachers to include improvisation in their pedagogical practice. In order to do so, we have reviewed and analyzed the literature addressing musical improvisation, with a special focus on theoretical models and pedagogical applications. The analysis allowed us to develop a functional definition of musical improvisation, to identify its positive contribution to the learning process and to other aspects, to identify factors and cognitive processes involved in production of musical improvisation, and to inventory pedagogical recommendations found in this literature. Based on the analyzed literature, we finally developed a graphic conceptual framework, which puts together the necessary knowledge to operationalize the process of teaching musical improvisation.
Experiences of gay and lesbian patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a mixed methods study
Authors: Dibley Lesley , Norton Christine , Schaub Jason , Bassett Paul
Published: July 2014

Chronic illness research involving lesbian and gay people typically focuses on HIV/AIDS, cancer, and mental health. The authors extend the evidence with a two-phase mixed methods exploration of gay and lesbian people's experiences with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), collecting demographic, disease history, and outness data from 50 community-based respondents and conducting 22 semi-structured interviews. Of the12 key themes identified, 8 resonate with concerns reported in the heterosexual IBD population, while 4—sexual activity, receiving health care, IBD and lesbian and gay life, identity and coming out—are unique to this study population. The physical and practical aspects of IBD match those of the heterosexual community and can be managed similarly. Gay and bisexual men require precise information about sexual activity/restrictions, and staff should address the psychological needs of patients by enabling coming out and partner involvement.
Face-work, social movement leadership, and �Glinda the Good�: A textual analysis of the character G(a)linda in the musical Wicked
Authors: Schrader Valerie Lynn
Published: July 2014

This textual analysis of the musical Wicked examines how the musical conveys messages about social movement leadership and the sociological concept of face-work. Specifically, this article suggests that the character G(a)linda emerges as a leader through the use of front and face-work and then undergoes a transformation that leads her to adopt the values of the social movement in the musical, giving her the ability to serve as a government leader while illustrating the characteristics of a moderate social movement leader.
Lagegeberlose Positionsregelung eines permanenterregten Synchronlinearmotors
Authors: Ebersberger Sebastian , Piepenbreier Bernhard
Published: July 2014

Der Beitrag beschreibt eine Zwei-Freiheitsgrade-Positionsregelung für einen permanenterregten Synchronlinearmotor ohne Lagegeber. Zur Vermeidung von Schätzfehlern werden die differentiellen Kreuzkoppelinduktivitäten mit Hilfe einer flachheitsbasierten Vorsteuerung kompensiert. Die Reglerstellsignale werden für die Lage- und Geschwindigkeitsschätzung verwendet.
Regelungstechnische Aspekte bei der nicht-iterativen Co-Simulation
Authors: Benedikt Martin
Published: July 2014

Bei nicht-iterativer Co-Simulation verursacht die notwendige Schätzung von Koppelgrößen Ungenauigkeiten und stört dadurch das simulierte Verhalten des Gesamtsystems. Eine geschickte, regelungstechnische Erweiterung der Kopplung führt zur nahezu vollständigen Kompensation der eingebrachten Störung im interessierenden Frequenzbereich. Eine beispielhafte Anwendung demonstriert die Effizienz der vorgestellten Kopplung für nicht-iterative Co-Simulation.
Grain boundaries in nanocrystalline catalytic materials as a source of surface chemical functionality
Authors: Landau Miron V. , Vidruk Roxana , Vingurt Dmitro , Fuks David , Herskowitz Moti
Published: July 2014

This review considers for the first time the effects in heterogeneous catalysis of grain boundaries (GB) created as a result of consolidation of catalytic materials nanoparticles without their sintering. Different methods proposed for quantitative characterization of nanoparticles consolidation extent were considered together with theoretical basis for increasing of catalytic activity at the GB surface areas between consolidated nanocrystals of metals and metal oxides. The review systemizes the GB effects observed in different areas of heterogeneous catalysis implementing metallic and oxide catalysts with acidic, basic, and redox surface functionality. The review analyzed experimental data that demonstrated the fine details of the structure of GB’s. Their contribution to improving the performance of catalytic materials should be accounted for in development of novel catalysts and deeper understanding of catalysts functioning.
Deep Surface Trap States at ZnO Nanorods Arrays
Authors: Bünzli Christa , Parker David , Bradley Kieren , Fermín David J.
Published: July 2014

Deep surface trap states present in hydrothermally grown ZnO nanorod (NR) arrays are monitored by photoelectrochemical and impedance spectroscopy. NR arrays were grown on a thin compact ZnO film deposited by pulsed laser deposition. Photocurrent responses upon square-wave illumination and lock-in detection of the as-grown NR arrays in the presence of Na2SO3at pH 10 were characterized by a complex potential dependence indicating the presence of deep trap states. At a given frequency of light perturbation, the photocurrent amplitude increases as the potential bias is shifted towards values more positive than the flat band potential. Increasing the potential further than 0.8 V positive to the flat band potential leads to a decrease in the photocurrent amplitude. The potential of maximum photocurrent amplitude overlaps with a sharp decrease in the interfacial capacitance. The dependence of the photocurrent amplitude on bias potential strongly suggests the presence of deep electron trap states. The effect of the deep trap states are minimized by annealing of the NR arrays in air at 340° C.
Hyperspectral Imaging of Photovoltaic Conversion
Authors: Guillemoles Jean-François , Delamarre Amaury , El-Hajje Gilbert , Rale P. , Rodière J. , Ory D. , Paire Myriam , Lincot Daniel , Watanabe Kentaroh , Sugiyama Masakazu , Lombez Laurent
Published: July 2014

We analyze photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) using a hyperspectral imager that records spectrally resolved luminescence images of solar cell absorbers. The system is calibrated to yield the luminescence flux in absolute values. This system enables to quantitatively image physical parameters such as the photovoltage with an uncertainty of less than 30mV. The wide field illumination, low power excitation and fast acquisition brings new insights compared to classical setups such as confocal microscope. Several types of absorbers have been analyzed. For instance, we can investigate spatial fluctuations of the Quasi Fermi Levels splitting in CIGS polycristalline absorbers and link those fluctuations to transport properties. The method is general to the point that third generation PV cells absorbers can also be evaluated. We illustrate the great potential of our setup by imaging carrier temperature in Hot Carriers Solar cells absorbers and quasi Fermi levels splitting in Intermediate Band Solar cells.
Theoretical assumptions of Maffesoli's sensitivity and Problem-Based Learning in Nursing Education
Authors: Rodríguez-Borrego María-Aurora , Nitschke Rosane Gonçalves , Prado Marta Lenise do , Martini Jussara Gue , Guerra-Martín María-Dolores , González-Galán Carmen
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVE: understand the everyday and the imaginary of Nursing students in their knowledge socialization process through the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) strategy.METHOD: Action Research, involving 86 students from the second year of an undergraduate Nursing program in Spain. A Critical Incident Questionnaire and Group interview were used. Thematic/categorical analysis, triangulation of researchers, subjects and techniques.RESULTS: the students signal the need to have a view from within, reinforcing the criticism against the schematic dualism; PBL allows one to learn how to be with the other, with his mechanical and organic solidarity; the feeling together, with its emphasis on learning to work in group and wanting to be close to the person taking care.CONCLUSIONS: The great contradictions the protagonists of the process, that is, the students experience seem to express that group learning is not a form of gaining knowledge, as it makes them lose time to study. The daily, the execution time and the imaginary of how learning should be do not seem to have an intersection point in the use of Problem-Based Learning. The importance of focusing on the daily and the imaginary should be reinforced when we consider nursing education.
Nursing care in Tuberculosis patients at a Spanish sanatorium, 1943-1975
Authors: Galbany-Estragués Paola
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVES: the objective in this study is to identify the profile of the nursing staff, the work conditions and to describe nursing care at a sanatorium located in Barcelona, Spain between 1943 and 1975.METHOD: historical study undertaken between 2008 and 2010, based on oral sources, five direct and one indirect testimonies, and the analysis of written documents. The data from the testimonies were collected through semistructured interviews.RESULTS: the nursing staff, mostly religious women, had scarce material and economic resources and no preventive measures to take care of the ill. The nurses undertook activities centered on the basic needs for physical and spiritual wellbeing.CONCLUSION: The study reveals how the nurses, despite working in hostile conditions, attempted to safeguard the wellbeing of the patients and accompany them during the death process.
Quality of nursing care and satisfaction of patients attended at a teaching hospital
Authors: Freitas Juliana Santana de , Silva Ana Elisa Bauer de Camargo , Minamisava Ruth , Bezerra Ana Lúcia Queiroz , Sousa Maiana Regina Gomes de
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVES: assess the quality of nursing care, the patients' satisfaction and the correlation between both.METHOD: cross-sectional study, involving 275 patients hospitalized at a teaching hospital in the Central-West of Brazil. The data were collected through the simultaneous application of three instruments. Next, they were included in an electronic database and analyzed in function of the positivity, median value and Spearman's correlation coefficients.RESULTS: among the nursing care assessed, only two were considered safe - hygiene and physical comfort; nutrition and hydration - while the remainder were classified as poor. Nevertheless, the patients were satisfied with the care received in the domains assessed: technical-professional, confidence and educational. This can be justified by the weak to moderate correlation that was observed among these variables.CONCLUSION: Despite the quality deficit, the patients' satisfaction level with the nursing care received was high. These results indicate that the institution needs to center its objectives on a continuing evaluation system of the care quality, aiming to attend to the patients' expectations.
The treatment of childhood cancer: unveiling the experience of parents
Authors: Benedetti Gabriella Michel dos Santos , Garanhani Mara Lúcia , Sales Catarina Aparecida
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVE: to understand the experiences of parents of children and adolescents with cancer undergoing treatment.METHOD: qualitative research, based on Heidegger's existential phenomenology, in which 13 parents of eight patients under 19 years of age, assisted by a charity association, were interviewed.RESULTS: three topics resulted from the analysis: "Experiencing the unpleasantness of the treatment"; "Fearing the possibility of a frightening situation" and "Experiencing the carelessness of another person". It was showed that during and after the treatment, the parents experience the fear of the unknown and the uncertainty of the future of their children, especially as they witness the death of other children; they also experience the indifference of professionals working in the local healthcare units and feel helpless and insecure.CONCLUSION: It is essential that the healthcare professionals, particularly the nurses, reflect about their care actions focused on the parents of children with cancer, recognizing their existential needs with the purpose of assisting them in their situation.
The involvement of parents in the healthcare provided to hospitalzed children
Authors: Melo Elsa Maria de Oliveira Pinheiro de , Ferreira Pedro Lopes , Lima Regina Aparecida Garcia de , Mello Débora Falleiros de
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the answers of parents and health care professionals concerning the involvement of parents in the care provided to hospitalized children.METHOD: exploratory study based on the conceptual framework of pediatric healthcare with qualitative data analysis.RESULTS: three dimensions of involvement were highlighted: daily care provided to children, opinions concerning the involvement of parents, and continuity of care with aspects related to the presence and participation of parents, benefits to the child and family, information needs, responsibility, right to healthcare, hospital infrastructure, care delivery, communication between the parents and health services, shared learning, and follow-up after discharge.CONCLUSION: the involvement of parents in the care provided to their children has many meanings for parents, nurses and doctors. Specific strategies need to be developed with and for parents in order to mobilize parental competencies and contribute to increasing their autonomy and decision-making concerning the care provided to children.