bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stationary and on-track tests using various vehicles
Authors: Zacher Manfred , Kratochwille Rainer
Published: July 2015

In the framework of the DynoTrain project's work package (WP) 1, stationary and on-track test with five vehicles were conducted. The main objective of the tests was the provision of data for WP 2, WP 3, WP 4 and WP 5 for further evaluation. The stationary tests were conducted in the test centre in Minden, Germany. The on-track tests were performed in Germany, France, Italy and Switzerland. Track geometry and rail profiles were simultaneously measured during the on-track testing, in order to investigate the interaction between vehicles and track. Due to operational reasons the on-track tests were not carried out exactly according to the requirements written in EN 14363, for example, the vehicles were not tested at a 10% higher speed or higher cant deficiency. Hence, the result of the statistical analysis of the measured parameters cannot be regarded as an acceptance test.
On the accuracy of the assessment of open-air pressure loads due to passing trains: Part 2: Assessment by simulation
Authors: Licciardello Riccardo , Grappein Etienne , Rueter Arnd
Published: July 2015

Passing trains generate aerodynamic loads that cause fatigue on wayside objects and other trains. The European regulatory framework requires, for every rolling stock type, type-tests in which the peak-to-peak pressure changes caused by passing trains are measured close to the track over a range of heights, corrected and processed so as to obtain an assessment value, which is then compared with a limit value. The assessment value is characterized by uncertainty. In this paper we provide quantitative indicators of such uncertainty based on the work carried out in the European FP7 project AeroTRAIN. We compare such accuracy indicators for assessments performed both experimentally, based on the existing process, and through computational fluid dynamics, based on an assessment-by-simulation process proposed in AeroTRAIN. We show how the accuracy of the proposed process can be even slightly better than that of the existing process.
Lack of suitable coastal plains likely influenced Lapita (~2800 cal. BP) settlement of Sāmoa: Evidence from south-eastern ‘Upolu
Authors: Cochrane Ethan E , Kane Haunani , Fletcher Charles , Horrocks Mark , Mills Joseph , Barbee Matthew , Morrison Alexander E , Tautunu Matiu Matavai
Published: July 2015

Between 3050 and 2700 years ago, humans first colonized the islands of south-west Remote Oceania, a region stretching from Vanuatu to Sāmoa. These colonists created a dense archaeological record of Lapita pottery and other artefacts on island coastlines across the region. There is one striking exception to this pattern: Sāmoa, with only a single Lapita pottery colonization site dating to approximately 2800 years ago. There are two competing explanations for the unique Sāmoan colonization record. First, there was a dense Lapita colonization record, now displaced through sedimentation and coastal subsidence. Second, there were few coastal plains suitable for settlement 2800 years ago resulting in the lack of colonization sites. This article describes the first archaeological and geological research designed to systematically test these explanations. The research focuses on the south-eastern coastal plain of ‘Upolu Island, an area where previous geological research and mid-Holocene sea-level indicators predict the least relative subsidence over the last 3000 years. Auger cores and controlled excavation units sampled the geological sequence and archaeological deposits across 700 m of coast. Sedimentary and dating analyses indicate coastal plain formation beginning 1200 years ago with the earliest archaeological deposits, including plain pottery, lithics, shellfish and vertebrate fauna, dating possibly 700 years later. Microfossil analyses identify burning and forest clearance coincident with the earliest archaeological remains. Compared with other Sāmoan archaeological deposits, the cultural materials and ecofacts represent very low-intensity occupation. These results support the proposal that there were few coastal plains suitable for Lapita pottery–bearing colonists approximately 2800 years ago.
Dependence and independence: Structure and inference
Authors: Vexler Albert , Chen Xiwei , Hutson Alan D.
Published: July 2015

Evaluations of relationships between pairs of variables, including testing for independence, are increasingly important. Erich Leo Lehmann noted that “the study of the power and efficiency of tests of independence is complicated by the difficulty of defining natural classes of alternatives to the hypothesis of independence.” This paper presents a general review, discussion and comparison of classical and novel tests of independence. We investigate a broad spectrum of dependence structures with/without random effects, including those that are well addressed in both the applied and the theoretical scientific literatures as well as scenarios when the classical tests of independence may break down completely. Motivated by practical considerations, the impact of random effects in dependence structures are studied in the additive and multiplicative forms. A novel index of dependence is proposed based on the area under the Kendall plot. In conjunction with the scatterplot and the Kendall plot, the proposed method provides a comprehensive presentation of the data in terms of graphing and conceptualizing the dependence. We also present a graphical methodology based on heat maps to effectively compare the powers of various tests. Practical examples illustrate the use of various tests of independence and the graphical representations of dependence structures.
Long-term Overreaction, Regulatory Policies and Stock Market Anomalies: Evidence from Egypt
Authors: Farag Hisham
Published: July 2015

The main objective of this article is to examine the long-term overreaction for all listed shares in the Egyptian Stock Exchange. I find evidence of long-term overreaction which is not due to size effect. Therefore, a contrarian strategy by buying losers and selling winners is likely to be profitable. The findings also suggest that the overreaction phenomenon in the Egyptian stock market is not sensitive to the length of the formation period. Interestingly, I find a link between the regulatory policies and long-term overreaction as I find no evidence of investor overreaction within the strict price limit regime. On the other hand, the overreaction phenomenon is clear during the circuit-breaker regime. The findings also show that the overreaction phenomenon in the Egyptian Stock Exchange cannot be attributed to the seasonality effect.
Do Stock Prices Impact Consumption and Interest Rate in South Africa? Evidence from a Time-varying Vector Autoregressive Model
Authors: Aye Goodness C. , Gupta Rangan , Modise Mampho P.
Published: July 2015

This article investigates the existence of spillovers from stock prices onto consumption and the interest rate for South Africa using a time-varying parameter vector autoregressive (TVP-VAR) model with stochastic volatility. In this regard, we estimate a three-variable TVP-VAR model comprising real consumption growth rate, the nominal three-months Treasury bill rate and the growth rate of real stock prices. We find that the impact of a real stock price shocks on consumption is in general positive, with large and significant effects observed at the one-quarter-ahead horizon. However, there is also evidence of significant negative spillovers from the stock market to consumption during the financial crisis, at both short and long horizons. The monetary policy response to stock price shocks has been persistent, and strong especially post the financial liberalisation in 1985, but became weaker during the financial crisis. Overall, we provide evidence of significant time-varying spillovers on consumption and interest rate from the stock market.

JEL Classification: C11, C15, C32, E31, E32, E44, E52
Dynamic Depositor Discipline: Evidence Based on East Asian Banks
Authors: Hamid Fazelina Sahul
Published: July 2015

This study confirms the endogenous relationship between the price and quantity of deposits in the depositor discipline model. Dynamic panel data analysis is carried out to account for the lagged dependency of the deposits growth variable and endogeneity of the price mechanism in the depositor discipline model. The results show that depositors in East Asia do not demand a higher price for deposits. Analysis by subdividing the sample of banks into healthy and weak banks shows that the relationship between price and quantity is not non-linear. Healthy banks are not able to attract more deposits by raising price. Depositors do not discipline weak banks by demanding a higher return. Lack of responsiveness by depositors to price signals may be attributable largely to the outflow of deposits that happened during the crisis period and regulations on interest rates.

JEL Classification: G21, G28, N25
R&D Expenditure and Economic Growth: New Empirical Evidence
Authors: Gumus Erdal , Celikay Ferdi
Published: July 2015

This article provides an empirical analysis of the relationship between research and development (R&D) expenditures and economic growth, and determines whether this relationship differs with respect to the degree of development. In this regard, the study utilises data from 52 countries from 1996 to 2010 and employs a dynamic panel data model. The research finds that R&D expenditure has a positive and significant effect on economic growth for all countries in the long run, which is consistent with the relevant literature. For developing countries, the effect is weak in the short run but strong in the long run, as expected. The study adds new empirical evidence to the literature.

JEL Classifications: E24, O11, O32, O47
Indian Urban Households’ Access to Basic Amenities: Deprivations, Disparities and Determinants
Authors: Kumar Arjun
Published: July 2015

The need for access to basic amenities—drinking water, sanitation, electricity and drainage—to ensure a decent quality of life has been internationally and nationally recognised and acted upon in the form of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and various policies and programmes in India. Deprivation and disparities in access to basic amenities in urban India have been highlighted in this article, using data from Census 2001 and 2011 and National Sample Survey’s (NSS) Housing Conditions Rounds unit records data 1993 and 2008–09. Determinants of households having access to basic amenities in the house have been estimated using an econometric exercise on household-level information (NSS, 2008–09). Despite improvement over time, many households in urban India still face deprivations of basic amenities and, hence, low standard of living. Households located in slums and small and medium towns/cities and those belonging to Poor, Scheduled Tribe, Scheduled Caste and Wage Labourers (Casual Labourers) groups were highly deprived of access to basic amenities, and disparities among various socioeconomic groups were observed to be increasing. Findings suggest the need for urgent attention for providing basic amenities, focused on slums, small and medium towns/cities and supplemented with inclusive, group-specific measures in order to raise the overall quality of life and well-being.
Constitutive modeling of Ni–Mn–Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloys under biaxial compression
Authors: Shirani Milad , Kadkhodaei Mahmoud
Published: July 2015

Ferromagnetic shape memory alloys are a type of shape memory alloys that exhibit inelastic strains when subjected to magnetic fields. So far, several constitutive models have been proposed to predict ferromagnetic shape memory alloys’ behaviors under the application of a magnetic field and a compressive stress. In this article, an available constitutive model in a continuum framework is used to investigate the behaviors of Ni–Mn–Ga under biaxial compressive stresses. Since the required model parameters in the original approach are not unique for all loading conditions, the model is modified so that a unique set of model parameters suffices to study different loading conditions. Loading history is also considered in an improved way, and two-dimensional phase diagram is generalized to three-dimensional phase diagram, called reorientation surface in this work, to directly enter the effects of loading history on reorientation start conditions. The orthogonality property of a surface and its gradient vector are used to obtain the general conditions which must be satisfied to ensure continuation of reorientations.
Anticholinergic Use and Recurrent Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Marcum Zachary A. , Perera Subashan , Thorpe Joshua M. , Switzer Galen E. , Gray Shelly L. , Castle Nicholas G. , Strotmeyer Elsa S. , Simonsick Eleanor M. , Bauer Douglas C. , Shorr Ronald I. , Studenski Stephanie A. , Hanlon Joseph T. ,   Health ABC Study, USA
Published: July 2015

Background: Although it is generally accepted that anticholinergic use may lead to a fall, results from studies assessing the association between anticholinergic use and falls are mixed. In addition, direct evidence of an association between use of anticholinergic medications and recurrent falls among community-dwelling elders is not available. Objective: To assess the association between anticholinergic use across multiple anticholinergic subclasses, including over-the-counter medications, and recurrent falls. Methods: This was a longitudinal analysis of 2948 participants, with data collected via interview at year 1 from the Health, Aging and Body Composition study and followed through year 7 (1997-2004). Self-reported use of anticholinergic medication was identified at years 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 as defined by the list from the 2015 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria. Dosage and duration were also examined. The main outcome was recurrent falls (≥2) in an ensuing 12-month period from each medication data collection. Results: Using multivariable generalized estimating equation models, controlling for demographic, health status/behaviors, and access-to-care factors, a 34% increase in likelihood of recurrent falls in anticholinergic users (adjusted odds ratio = 1.34; 95% CI = 0.93-1.93) was observed, but the results were not statistically significant; similar results were found with higher doses and longer duration of use. Conclusion: Increased point estimates suggest an association of anticholinergic use with recurrent falls, but the associations did not reach statistical significance. Future studies are needed for more definitive evidence and to examine other measures of anticholinergic burden and associations with more intermediate adverse effects such as cognitive function.
Oral Ribavirin for the Treatment of Noninfluenza Respiratory Viral Infections
Authors: Gross Alan E. , Bryson Michelle L.
Published: July 2015

Objective: To review clinical outcomes data for patients treated with oral ribavirin for noninfluenza respiratory viral infections (NIRVIs). Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed Central (1972 to June 1, 2015) were queried with the following search term combinations: “Oral” AND “ribavirin” AND (“respiratory syncytial virus” OR “metapneumovirus” OR “parainfluenza” OR “coronavirus” OR “rhinovirus” OR “enterovirus” OR “adenovirus”). Study Selection and Data Extraction: Included studies must have characterized the clinical outcomes of a cohort of patients treated with oral ribavirin for symptomatic NIRVIs. Case reports and series with <5 cases, conference abstracts, and articles written in languages other than English were excluded. Data Synthesis: Of the 1256 unique reports, 15 met inclusion criteria: 12 retrospective, 3 prospective, and 3 comparative with untreated control groups. All studies except for 2 Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) studies were in immunocompromised patients (9 malignancy/stem cell transplant, 4 lung transplant). The mortality rate ranged from 0% to 31% in malignancy/stem cell transplant recipients treated with oral ribavirin, and 1/108 (0.9%) ribavirin-treated lung transplant recipients died at 30 days. Three studies (one each for malignancy, lung transplant, and MERS-CoV) suggested a clinical outcomes benefit with oral ribavirin compared with supportive care alone; however, the nonrandomized design precludes efficacy determination. Hemolysis was the most common adverse reaction, occurring in 14% (54/375) of patients. Ribavirin was discontinued in 4% of patients secondary to adverse reactions. Conclusions: Oral ribavirin should be considered for the treatment of NIRVI in immunocompromised adults (malignancy/stem cell transplant or lung transplant) or adults with MERS-CoV.
Choice of New Oral Anticoagulant Agents Versus Vitamin K Antagonists in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Moreno-Arribas José , Bertomeu-González Vicente , Anguita-Sanchez Manuel , Cequier Ángel , Muñiz Javier , Castillo Jesús , Sanchis Juan , Roldán Inmaculada , Marín Francisco , Bertomeu-Martínez Vicente
Published: July 2015

Introduction:

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic events. Many patients with AF receive chronic anticoagulation, either with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) or with non-VKA oral anticoagulants (NOACs). We sought to analyze variables associated with prescription of NOAC.

Methods:

Patients with AF under anticoagulation treatment were prospectively recruited in this observational registry. The sample comprised 1290 patients under chronic anticoagulation for AF, 994 received VKA (77.1%) and 296 NOAC (22.9%). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify variables associated with use of NOAC.

Results:

Mean age was 73.8 ± 9.4 years, and 42.5% of the patients were women. The CHA2DS2-VASc score was 0 in 4.9% of the population, 1 in 24.1%, and ≥2 in 71% (median = 4, interquartile range = 2). Variables associated with NOAC treatment were major bleeding (odds ratio [OR] = 3.36; confidence interval [CI] 95%: 1.73-6.51; P < .001), hemorrhagic stroke (OR = 3.19; CI 95% 1.00-10.15, P = .049), university education (OR = 2.44; CI 95%: 1.55-3.84; P < .001), high diastolic blood pressure (OR = 1.02; CI 95%: 1.00-1.03; P = .006), and higher glomerular filtration rate (OR 1.01, CI 95% 1.00-1.01; P = .01). And variables associated with VKA use were history of cancer (OR = 0.46; CI 95%: 0.25-0.85; P = .013) and bradyarrhythmia (OR = 0.40; CI 95% 0.19-0.85; P = .020).

Conclusion:

Medical and social variables were associated with prescription of NOAC. Major bleeding, hemorrhagic stroke, university education, and higher glomerular filtration rate were more frequent among patients under NOAC. On the contrary, patients with history of cancer or bradyarrhythmias more frequently received VKA.
The Nature of Self-Regulatory Fatigue and “Ego Depletion”
Authors: Evans Daniel R. , Boggero Ian A. , Segerstrom Suzanne C.
Published: July 2015

Self-regulation requires overriding a dominant response and leads to temporary self-regulatory fatigue. Existing theories of the nature and causes of self-regulatory fatigue highlight physiological substrates such as glucose, or psychological processes such as motivation, but these explanations are incomplete on their own. Historically, theories of physical fatigue demonstrate a similar pattern of useful but incomplete explanations, as recent views of physical fatigue emphasize the roles of both physiological and psychological factors. In addition to accounting for multiple inputs, these newer views also explain how fatigue can occur even in the presence of sufficient resources. Examining these newer theories of physical fatigue can serve as a foundation on which to build a more comprehensive understanding of self-regulatory fatigue that integrates possible neurobiological underpinnings of physical and self-regulatory fatigue, and suggests the possible function of self-regulatory fatigue.
Work or/and Life? An Exploratory Study of Respite Experience of Bed and Breakfast Innkeepers
Authors: Shen Ruyi (Kathy) , Miao Li , Lehto Xinran , Zhao Xinyuan (Roy)
Published: July 2015

Bed and Breakfast innkeeping as a form of self-employment is often perceived by aspiring innkeepers as a lifestyle choice that seemingly integrates work and life and enhances personal well-being. On the other hand, innkeeping as a business is known for long work hours and limited escape from work due to the blurred physical and temporal boundaries between work and life. Given the paradox, this exploratory study examined the respite experience (an interval of rest and relief from work) of innkeepers and its effect on subjective well-being. The findings from an online survey among 327 innkeepers in the United States reveal that innkeepers lack short-term respites at regular intervals. Engagement in active and high-effort social or hobby-based respite activities is found to be a primary pathway to an effective respite experience in the absence of psychological detachment from work. The results show that respite experience has a significant effect on an innkeeper’s subjective well-being after controlling for job demands, entrepreneurial motivation, and financial performance of the inn. This research has also identified three clusters of innkeepers (lifestyle innkeepers, seasonal innkeepers, and career innkeepers) based on their respite characteristics and other related operational and individual variables.
Making Punishment Memorialization Pay? Marketing, Networks, and Souvenirs at Small Penal History Museums in Canada
Authors: Luscombe Alex , Walby Kevin , Piché Justin
Published: July 2015

Existing literature on the commodification of punishment has yet to examine small penal history museums or related issues of tourism marketing, networking, and souvenirs. Bringing this literature into conversation with tourism studies, we examine how penal history sites attempt to attract visitors and generate revenue to sustain their operations. Drawing on findings from a 5-year qualitative study of penal history museums across Canada, we argue tourism operators use three strategies for the marketing of commodified punishment: authenticity, historical specificity, and exclusiveness. Our findings also indicate that networking between these sites is underdeveloped and that the souvenirs sold to visitors are an important source of museum funding. Overall, we show that the concepts of marketing, networking, and souvenirs can comprise a key conceptual framework for examining consumption in small tourism enterprises in Canada and internationally. Our findings also raise questions about how to theorize and investigate museum management, solvency, and profitability in the penal and dark tourism sector.
Mirtazapine toxicity in cats: retrospective study of 84 cases (2006–2011)
Authors: Ferguson Leah E , McLean Mary Kay , Bates Julia A , Quimby Jessica M
Published: July 2015

Objectives

Mirtazapine is commonly used in veterinary medicine at doses of 1.88 or 3.75 mg as an appetite stimulant. The objectives of this study were to determine the most common adverse effects reported and the dose associated with these signs.

Methods

Records of cats with mirtazapine exposure (2006–2011) were obtained from the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals’ Animal Poison Control Center. The following parameters were recorded: signalment, weight, outcome, agent ingested, amount ingested, route of exposure, clinical signs observed, intended of use, onset time of signs and duration of signs.

Results

The 10 most commonly observed adverse effects reported in 84 cats exposed to mirtazapine included vocalization (56.0% of cats; mean dose 2.56 mg/kg), agitation (31.0%; 2.57 mg/kg), vomiting (26.2%; 2.92 mg/kg), abnormal gait/ataxia (16.7%; 2.87 mg/kg), restlessness (14.3%; 3.55 mg/kg), tremors/trembling (14.3%; 2.43 mg/kg), hypersalivation (13.0%; 2.89 mg/kg), tachypnea (11.9%; 3.28 mg/kg), tachycardia (10.7%; 3.04 mg/kg) and lethargy (10.7%; 2.69 mg/kg). Fifty-nine (70.2%) cases were considered accidental ingestions and 25 (29.8%) cases were given mirtazapine as prescribed. The doses associated with signs of toxicity were 15.00 mg (40 cats), 3.75 mg (25 cats), 7.50 mg (four cats), 30.00 mg (one cat), 18.75 mg (one cat), 11.25 mg (one cat), 5.80 mg (one cat) and 1.88 mg (one cat). For cats with available information, the onset of clinical signs ranged from 15 mins to 3 h, and time to resolution of clinical signs ranged from 12–48 h.

Conclusions and relevance

The greater number of adverse effects at 3.75 mg rather than 1.88 mg suggests that the latter may be a more appropriate starting dose for stimulating appetite while limiting toxicity. The benefit of dispensing exact doses of mirtazapine is implied given the likelihood of accidental administration of a full tablet (15 mg) and the resulting toxicity.
Life course models of economic stress and poor mental health in mid-adulthood: Results from the prospective Northern Swedish Cohort
Authors: Elwér Sofia , Hammarström Anne , Strandh Mattias , Gustafsson Per E.
Published: July 2015

Aim:The aim was to analyse the association between economic stress during youth and adulthood, and poor mental health through life course models of (1) accumulation of risk and (2) sensitive period. Methods: The study was based on the Northern Sweden Cohort, a 26-year prospective cohort ( N = 1010 in 2007; 94% of those participating in 1981 still alive) ranging from adolescence to middle age. Economic stress was measured at age 16, 21, 30 and 42 years. Two life course models of accumulation of risk and sensitive period were analysed using ordinal regression with internalized symptoms of mental health as outcome. Results: Exposure of economic stress at several life course periods was associated with higher odds of internalized mental health symptoms for both women and men, which supports the accumulated risk model. No support for a sensitive period was found for the whole sample. For men, however, adolescence appears to be a sensitive period during which the exposure to economic stress has negative mental health consequences later in life independently of economic stress at other ages. Conclusion: This study confirms that the duration of economic stress between adolescence and middle age is important for mental health. In addition, the results give some indication of a sensitive period of exposure to economic stress during adolescence for men, although more research is needed to confirm possible gender differences.
Some studies on drilling of red mud reinforced aluminum composite
Authors: Rajesh S , Pethuraj M , Kumaran S Thirumalai , Uthayakumar M , Rajini N
Published: July 2015

Ceramics reinforced aluminum metal matrix composites are mostly used in automobile, aerospace, and its related industries because of its superior mechanical and tribological properties. In the present work, the drilling studies of LM25 aluminum-based composite is selected to carry out the experiments. Novel industrial waste red mud particles are used as the reinforcement material, which can reduce the environmental hazards and the problem of disposing. The effect of three input factors such as speed, feed, and point angle over the output response such as surface roughness, vibration, and power consumption are studied using L27 orthogonal array. The optimal factor settings for each output performance are determined by employing the Taguchi method. Further, the analysis of variance is also performed for each parameter to know the significant contribution. However, in order to minimize the responses simultaneously, multi-objective optimization by ratio analysis based entropy method is adopted and the optimum levels of the drilling process are found. When the optimum parametric setting is used, the surface roughness is reduced by 13.63%, power consumption by 9.1%, and vibration by 15.14%.
The meaning of light: seeing and being on the battlefield
Authors: Thornton Pip
Published: July 2015

On the battlefield, light and dark mean much more than the (dis)ability to see. While the darkness of night-time can be used as a tactic, providing cover for personal and territorial defence and attack, it also affects and secures bodies and the spaces they inhabit in other more immediate and intimate ways, recalibrating senses and redefining distance. Light too can spell both safety and danger on the battlefield, disciplining and controlling its occupants with often asymmetrical power-plays of affect and aggression. Using autoethnographic examples of experiences in Iraq in 2003 (based on the poem below), this article sets out to challenge traditional binaries of light/dark, good/bad and to question the elemental, cultural and technological sovereignty of light and vision in modern battlespaces.
Reputational spillovers: Evidence from French architecture
Authors: Boutinot Amélie , Ansari Shahzad (Shaz) , Belkhouja Mustapha , Mangematin Vincent
Published: July 2015

While the notion of reputation has attracted much scholarly interest, few studies have addressed the strategic issue of reputational multiplicity and managing the interactions among different types of reputations. We suggest that an organization can have several stakeholder-specific reputations—peer, market, and expert—and that reputational spillover effects (the continued influence of one reputation on another) matter at the organizational level. We test reputational spillovers on 42 French architecture companies over a period of 30 years. Our results show that over time, the three reputations interact with each other, generating positive spillovers, with the exception of market and expert reputations. We contribute by explaining how interconnected organizational reputations among different stakeholders can interact over time, how companies can strategically manage reputational spillovers, and how such spillovers influence organizations in creative and professional industries.
Promoting Social Communication in a Child With Specific Language Impairment
Authors: O’Handley Roderick D. , Radley Keith C. , Lum John D. K.
Published: July 2015

Social difficulties represent a major area of concern in children with specific language impairment (SLI). Social skills interventions targeting communication or language skills of children with SLI have been generally ineffective. The current study tested the efficacy of a social skills intervention consisting of multiple behavioral interventions to increase nonverbal, verbal, and turn-taking conversation skills of an 8-year-old male with SLI. Using a multiple baseline across skills design, data were collected in a university clinic setting. Visual analysis indicated that when training for a target skill was introduced, percentage of skill steps successfully demonstrated increased. In addition, pre- and postintervention standardized rating scales completed by parents and teachers indicated improvements in pragmatic skill use in nontraining environments. Results and implications are described in terms of utilization of interventions for pragmatic skills of children with SLI.
Radius of curvature analysis of oscillating follower cylindrical cam’s expansion pitch curve
Authors: Chen Junhua , Wu Junde , Tang Tengyue
Published: July 2015

The currently used method to calculate radius of curvature of a cylindrical cam’s planar expansion pitch curve produces errors. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find an accurate method for cylindrical cam design. This research utilizes the three-dimensional expansion curve coordinates of the follower’s motion track and establishes the planar expansion pitch curve equation with the consideration of deviation angle, which can be easily used to analyze and design an oscillating follower cylindrical cam. The deduced equation of radius of curvature is based on motion law of the mechanism and prime cylinder radius of the cam. The relation curve between minimum radius of curvature and prime cylinder radius, which takes into consideration that planar expansion pitch curve varies with prime cylinder radius in the event of certain motion law, is described by MATLAB, and specific minimum radius of prime cylinder is generated for each allowable radius of curvature according to the relation curve. Thus, geometric parameters of a cylindrical cam can be designed. The feasibility of our methodology is validated with a specific example.
A numerical simulation of wheel spray for simplified vehicle model based on discrete phase method
Authors: Hu Xingjun , Liao Lei , Lei Yulong , Yang Hanbo , Fan Qingyin , Yang Bo , Chang Jing , Wang Jingyu
Published: July 2015

Road spray greatly affects vehicle body soiling and driving safety. The study of road spray has attracted increasing attention. In this article, computational fluid dynamics software with widely used finite volume method code was employed to investigate the numerical simulation of spray induced by a simplified wheel model and a modified square-back model proposed by the Motor Industry Research Association. Shear stress transport k-omega turbulence model, discrete phase model, and Eulerian wall-film model were selected. In the simulation process, the phenomenon of breakup and coalescence of drops were considered, and the continuous and discrete phases were treated as two-way coupled in momentum and turbulent motion. The relationship between the vehicle external flow structure and body soiling was also discussed.
Bridging or fostering social distance? An analysis of penal spectator comments on Canadian penal history museums
Authors: Ferguson Matthew , Piché Justin , Walby Kevin
Published: July 2015

Penal history museums are among the sites where cultural meanings about prisoners and imprisonment are developed, communicated, and consumed. Little research has explored what visitors take from these encounters. Drawing on literature concerning new media communication and Brown’s (2009) work on penal spectatorship, we analyze visitor comments about their sojourns into Canadian penal history sites found on TripAdvisor, a global travel website. We delve into the diverse stories that tourists share about their encounters with representations of incarceration, which we have found address the following themes: the performance of on-site actors; perceived authenticity of experiences and emotions; the convenience of visiting museums; attitudes about imprisonment; and views of penal history. Our research suggests that visits to penal history museums in Canada seldom translate into humanizing conceptions of the criminalized and views that challenge punitiveness among visitors, at least online. We also highlight how new media communications shape the actions of penal history museum workers in ways that tend to reinforce memorialization practices that foster social distance between authors and recipients of punishment.
A new decomposition algorithm for complex voting gates processing in qualitative fault tree analysis
Authors: Wang Jin , Chen Shanqi , Wang Fang , Hu Liqin
Published: July 2015

Fault tree analysis technique is one of the main methods of reliability analysis. In a fault tree, voting gate, namely k out of n ( k/ n) gate, is one of the standard Boolean logic constructs which can represent AND, OR and NOT gates. It is traditionally expanded into a combination of AND and OR gates, but such expansion results in combinatorial explosion problem in determining minimal cut sets of the fault tree for even a not very big n, especially when the voting gate inputs are complex sub-trees rather than basic events. In this article, a new decomposition algorithm based on expanded combination formula which can decompose the voting gates more quickly while the space and time complexity is lower than the traditional expansion was proposed. The results of experiments on fault trees with voting gates showed that this algorithm was more efficient than the traditional expansion method and the recursive decomposition method.
Developing seismic vulnerability curves for typical Iranian buildings
Authors: Sadeghi Mehdi , Ghafory-Ashtiany Mohsen , Pakdel-Lahiji Naghmeh
Published: July 2015

Iran is one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the world. In recent earthquakes, the low quality of constructions has caused huge losses, both in human and economic terms. The high level of seismic hazard in combination with a high physical vulnerability of structures leads to a high earthquake risk of Iran, which has to be managed in some ways. Earthquake happening in populated areas causing economic and human losses has shown the vital role of assessing buildings’ vulnerabilities as well as loss estimations. Vulnerability curve is one of the essential instruments to evaluate structural losses before the events. Regarding the lack of categorized vulnerability curves for Iranian buildings, this study focuses on filling this critical gap. For this reason, empirical approach involving statistical processing on existing data from the previous studies is used to develop vulnerability curves for Iranian buildings by critiquing the existing fragility/vulnerability curves in Iran and other countries. The logic-tree method is used to combine these curves by weighting in accordance with the condition of construction provisions, seismic code and engineering judgment. Finally, vulnerability curves are developed for the 42 Iranian building types. Results are presented by median ( Sa) and lognormal standard deviation [Formula: see text] values for all types of selected buildings and related uncertainties are considered as well.
Factors associated with improved outcomes following proximal row carpectomy: a long-term outcome study of 144 patients
Authors: Wagner E. R. , Bravo D. , Elhassan B. , Moran S. L.
Published: July 2015

We conducted a review of 144 consecutive patients who underwent proximal row carpectomy from 1967 to 2010 for the diagnosis of wrist arthritis. At a mean follow-up of 13.4 years, patients experienced good pain relief with preservation (but not improvement) of wrist motion. A total of 17 patients (12%) required revision surgery at an average of 44.6 months. Improved pain, function, and survival outcomes were seen in those who underwent proximal row carpectomy after the age of 40, had a preoperative diagnosis of Kienbock’s disease, who underwent a concomitant neurectomy procedure, patients who were non-labourers, and patients who underwent surgery after 1990. Although 45% of patients developed moderate to severe radiocapitate arthrosis postoperatively, these findings did not correlate with clinical outcomes or risk of revision surgery. Patients with type II lunate and type II and III capitate shapes had higher rates of postoperative radiocapitate arthrosis.

Level of Evidence: III, Prognostic
The efficacy of ceritinib in patients with ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kaczmar John , Mehra Ranee
Published: July 2015

Research over the last decade has determined that the gene rearrangement involving the anaplastic lymphoma kinase ( ALK) gene is an oncogenic driver in approximately 5% of patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). This review describes the discovery of the ALK translocation, development of ALK directed therapy, and acquired resistance to ALK directed therapy with a focus on the clinical data and efficacy of the most recently approved ALK inhibitor, ceritinib.
A Living Systems Perspective for Humanity’s Future
Authors: Elgin Duane
Published: July 2015

A new understanding of the universe is emerging from the sciences: instead of regarding the universe as a nonliving system, evidence increasingly suggests it is a unique kind of living system. This is not to describe our universe as a “biological” system, but rather to say that it is infused with consciousness and seems to have properties we attribute to living systems. In turn, a living systems perspective transforms our sense of identity, purpose, meaning, and ethics. These can be of immeasurable value as we seek to move through a time of profound planetary transition and build a promising species-civilization.
A two-week regimen of high-dose integrase inhibitors does not cause nephrotoxicity in mice
Authors: Eadon Michael T , Zhang Hongji , Skaar Todd C , Hato Takashi , Dagher Pierre C , Gupta Samir K , Desta Zeruesenay
Published: July 2015

Background

The integrase inhibitors, raltegravir and dolutegravir, are nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-sparing agents which may be used as part of first-line antiretroviral therapy for HIV. These drugs inhibit creatinine secretion through organic cation transporters, thus elevating serum creatinine without affecting glomerular filtration. We sought to determine whether subtle signs of nephrotoxicity could be observed in mice administered a two-week regimen of high-dose integrase inhibitors.

Methods

C57BL/6 mice were fed standard water (CTRL, n = 6), raltegravir-containing water (40 mg/kg/day, n = 6), or dolutegravir-containing water (2.7 mg/kg/day, n = 6) for two weeks and sacrificed. Endpoints were assessed including urine microalbumin, kidney injury molecule-1 renal tissue gene expression, renal histopathology, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen.

Results

The results are NOT consistent with a direct nephrotoxic effect of the integrase inhibitors in mice. Serum creatinine was significantly elevated in raltegravir and dolutegravir mice (p < 0.05) compared to control (raltegravir = 0.25 mg/dl, dolutegravir = 0.30 mg/dl versus CTRL = 0.17 mg/dl). Blood urea nitrogen, cystatin C, and urine microalbumin were unchanged. Kidney injury molecule-1 tissue expression in raltegravir and dolutegravir groups was nonsignificantly elevated compared to control (1.2-fold compared to control). Renal histopathology by periodic acid–Schiff staining failed to reveal glomerular or tubular renal injury in any group.

Conclusion

These studies are consistent with integrase inhibitors competitively inhibiting creatinine secretion. While no evidence of direct nephrotoxicity was observed after two weeks of high-dose drug administration, additional studies may be performed to understand whether these drugs lead to chronic nephropathy.
Thriving and surviving? The incredible problem of constructions of normality and Otherness in early childhood settings
Authors: Arndt Sonja , Gibbons Andrew , Fitzsimons Peter
Published: July 2015

This article explores what it means today for children to survive, thrive and reach their full potential – aspirations set out nearly 25 years ago as rights in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Espoused in the principles of the early childhood curriculum in Aotearoa New Zealand, the spirit and intent of these aspirations are undermined by a range of normalizing strategies endemic to The Incredible Years behaviour management programme imported to promote effective management of challenging behaviour in young children. We draw here on the philosophies of Julia Kristeva and Michel Foucault to question the normalization and consequent othering of children and childhoods, problematizing what it is to be ‘normal’. We confront government ‘solutions’ for education driven more by economic rationality than by educational concern for the complexities of the early childhood context. Our analysis of the normalization of childhoods and the government of teachers as ‘behaviour managers’ culminates in a rupturing of normalizing networks and highlights possible resistances and openings, towards surviving and thriving, and potential.
Children’s perceptions of their experiences in early learning environments: An exploration of power and hierarchy
Authors: Barnikis Tiffany
Published: July 2015

This qualitative study explores five children’s perspectives of their experiences in both a university laboratory school and in their current public school setting. The perceptions of the children, aged between 4 and 6, provide innovative and significant information on how early childhood education is being realised in Ontario, Canada, as the government’s full-day kindergarten curriculum is being fully implemented across the province. Children express their thoughts and opinions on their learning through semi-structured conversations and child-produced drawings. Employing the ‘new’ sociology of childhood, critical pedagogy and a child rights–based perspective as theoretical frameworks, an overarching theme of power and hierarchy is established throughout the children’s descriptions of their experiences in their current public elementary school setting. More specifically, this central theme of power and hierarchy, and how it is realised in classroom environments in order to regulate and control children, is explored through the children’s descriptions of space, pedagogical practice, rules, and their decision-making and influence on curriculum.
The performance of compliance in early childhood: Neoliberalism and nice ladies
Authors: Sims Margaret , Waniganayake Manjula
Published: July 2015

In this article, we propose to critique the way in which a hegemonic understanding of quality in early childhood settings is imposed upon practitioners, families and children through legislated quality assurance processes. The reality of neoliberalism is played out in the establishment and maintenance of the Australian early childhood quality assurance processes as they operate up to 2015, and the definition of approved qualifications for those working in early childhood. In both cases a tightly defined, top-down approach is used to assure quality. This has the effect of limiting flexibility and de-professionalising the work of early childhood professionals. It is our contention that in this neoliberal climate, early childhood practitioners have failed to construct their arguments in ways that could be better understood by outsiders to the profession; instead they are focusing on how best to be compliant. Challenging these hegemonic positions may even be perceived as being ‘anti-quality’ and not in the best interests of the early childhood sector. We analyse the current context in Australia (which reflects international trends) and explore possible strategies to re-empower the early childhood profession.
Responsible tourist behaviour: The role of social engagement
Authors: Diallo Mbaye Fall , Diop-Sall Fatou , Leroux Erick , Valette-Florence Pierre
Published: July 2015

This is a study of the effect of social engagement on responsible tourist behaviour. We also examine the mediating role of responsible public management of tourism, involvement in responsible tourism and the ecological orientation of tourism. This research is based on an overall sample of 656 respondents. Our research hypotheses are tested using structural equation modelling. The results reveal a direct positive effect of social engagement on responsible behaviour among tourists. Involvement in responsible tourism and satisfaction regarding the responsible public management of tourism have mediating effects on the relationship between social engagement and responsible tourist behaviour. However, an ecological orientation in tourism has no significant mediating effect on this relationship, nor does it have a direct effect on responsible tourist behaviour. We also discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of our findings.