bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
React, reframe and engage. Establishing a receiver mindset for more effective safety negotiations
Authors: Barlow Melanie , Watson Bernadette , Morse Kate , Jones Elizabeth , Maccallum Fiona
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The response of the receiver to a voiced patient safety concern is frequently cited as a barrier to health professionals speaking up. The authors describe a novel Receiver Mindset Framework (RMF) to help health professionals understand the importance of their response when spoken up to.

Design/methodology/approach

The framework draws on the broader receiver-focussed literature and integrates innovative findings from a series of empirical studies. These studies examined different receiver behaviour within vignettes, retrospective descriptions of real interactions and behaviour in a simulated interaction.

Findings

The authors' findings indicated that speaking up is an intergroup interaction where social identities, context and speaker stance intersect, directly influencing both perceptions of and responses to the message. The authors' studies demonstrated that when spoken up to, health professionals poorly manage their emotions and ineffectively clarify the speaker's concerns. Currently, targeted training for receivers is overwhelmingly absent from speaking-up programmes. The receiver mindset framework provides an evidence-based, healthcare specific, receiver-focussed framework to inform programmes.

Originality/value

Grounded in communication accommodation theory (CAT), the resulting framework shifts speaking up training from being only speaker skill focussed, to training that recognises speaking up as a mutual negotiation between the healthcare speaker and receiver. This framework provides healthcare professionals with a novel approach to use in response to speaking up that enhances their ability to listen, understand and engage in point-of-care negotiations to ensure the physical and psychological safety of patients and staff.
Development of imine-azo-dyes derived from vanillin and salicylaldehyde for pH-sensing in smart packaging
Authors: Mestry Siddhesh Umesh , Satalkar Vardhan B. , Mhaske S.T.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study aims to describe the design and synthesis of two novel azo and imine chromophores-based dyes derived from two different aldehydes with intramolecular colour matching that are pH sensitive.

Design/methodology/approach

The visible absorption wavelength (λmax) was extended when azo chromophore was included in imine-based systems. The dyed patterns created sophisticated colour-changing paper packaging sensors with pH-sensitive chromophores using alum as a mediator or mordant. Due to the tight adhesive bonding, the dyes on paper’s cellulose fibres could not be removed by ordinary water even at extremely high or low pH, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy analysis. The dyed patterns demonstrated an evident, sensitive and fast colour-changing mechanism with varying pH, from pale yellow to red for Dye-I and from pale yellow to brown-violet for Dye-II.

Findings

The λmax for colour changing was recorded from 400 to 490 nm for Dye-I, whereas from 400 to 520 for Dye-II. The freshness judgement of food was checked using actual experiments with cooked crab spoilage, where the cooked crab was incubated at 37 oC for 6 h to see the noticeable colour change from yellow to brown-violet with Dye-II. The colour-changing mechanism was studied with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra at different pH, and thin layer chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance and FTIR spectroscopy studied the desired structure formation of the dyes. Potential uses for smart packaging sensors include quickly detecting food freshness during transportation or right before consumption.

Originality/value

1. Two novel azo-imine dyes have been synthesized with a pH-responsive effect. 2. The pH-responsive mechanism was studied. 3. The study was supported by computational chemistry using density functional theory. 4. The obtained dyes were used to make pH-responsive sensors for seafood packaging to judge the freshness.
Doodlage: contributing to circular economy in fashion
Authors: Aggarwal Rashmi , Singh Harsahib , Krishna Vinita
Published: September 2023

Research methodology

The case is written on the basis of published sources only.

Case overview/synopsis

Doodlage, a start-up incorporated in 2012 by Kriti Tula, Paras Arora and Vaibhav Kapoor, used discarded waste to create sustainable fashion products. It had a first-mover advantage in recycled fashion goods in the first 10 years of its existence. The company contributed to sustainable fashion by providing an alternative to fast fashion production, creating enormous clothing waste and environmental degradation. In the first quarter of 2022, it saved and reused 15,000 m of fabric waste. From 2018 to 2021, the company grew 150% annually, targeting the right customers and regions to expand its business. It ensured that postproduction industrial waste and postconsumption garments were used to produce clothes. It also confirmed that the waste generated in its fabric screening process was used to create stationery items and other valuable accessories.

However, the sustainable fashion model that gave the company a competitive advantage became obsolete in 2022 due to increasing competition in the industry as various players using unique ideas entered the market. The company is encountering operational and logistical challenges that are affecting its performance. The demand for its products was also subdued due to high prices of upcycled and recycled clothes and less consumer spending post-COVID pandemic. The competitors of Doodlage offered multiple products produced using environmentally friendly farming and manufacturing techniques, attracting sustainable purchasers. What should be the new portfolio of products for the company to explore future growth opportunities? Considering their vast price, can consumers be encouraged to buy upcycled clothes? How should the company ride the winds of change in the industry?

Complexity academic level

The instructor should initiate the class discussion by asking questions such as how frequently do you shop for clothes? Do you care about the fabric of your apparel? After you discard your clothes, do you think about where these goods finally end up? Data on the amount of total waste generated in the fashion industry should be communicated to students to connect it with the importance of the concept of circular economy. Post this, the instructor should introduce the business model of Doodlage to bring the discussion into the context of the fashion industry before going ahead to discuss the company’s dilemma.
Randomised clinical trial: Efficacy and safety of on‐demand vonoprazan versus placebo for non‐erosive reflux disease
Authors: Fass Ronnie , Vaezi Michael , Sharma Prateek , Yadlapati Rena , Hunt Barbara , Harris Tom , Smith Neila , Leifke Eckhard , Armstrong David
Published: September 2023

Background

Non‐erosive reflux disease (NERD) symptoms are often episodic, making on‐demand treatment an attractive treatment approach.

Aims

We compared the efficacy and safety of on‐demand vonoprazan versus placebo in patients with NERD.

Methods

Patients with NERD, defined as heartburn for ≥6 months and for ≥4/7 consecutive days with normal endoscopy, received once‐daily vonoprazan 20 mg during a 4‐week run‐in period. Patients without heartburn during the last 7 days and with ≥80% study drug and diary compliance were randomised 1:1:1:1 to vonoprazan 10, 20, 40 mg or placebo on‐demand for 6 weeks. The primary endpoint was the percentage of evaluable heartburn episodes completely relieved within 3 h of on‐demand dosing and sustained for 24 h.

Results

Of 458 patients in the run‐in period, 207 entered the on‐demand period. In the vonoprazan 10 mg group, 56.0% (201/359) of evaluable heartburn episodes met the criteria for complete and sustained relief; 60.6% (198/327) in the 20 mg group; and 70.0% (226/323) in the 40 mg group, compared with 27.3% (101/370) in the placebo group (p < 0.0001 versus placebo for each vonoprazan group). By 1 h post‐dose, vonoprazan was associated with complete relief of significantly more heartburn episodes compared with placebo. No serious treatment‐emergent adverse events were reported.

Conclusion

On‐demand vonoprazan may be a potential alternative to continued daily acid suppression therapy for the relief of episodic heartburn in patients with NERD.

Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04799158.
Creating shared value through open innovation: Insights from the case of Enel industrial plants
Authors: Gionfriddo Gianluca , Piccaluga Andrea Mario Cuore
Published: September 2023

Despite the significant attention gained by the concept of creating shared value (CSV) over the past decade, there is a lack of empirical research on corporate practices that achieve social and environmental benefits through CSV dynamics. Through an in‐depth single case study, this research explores open innovation (OI) practices contributing to the grand challenge of climate change and their role as microfoundations in the three CSV dynamics proposed by Porter and Kramer: (1) reconceiving products and markets; (2) redefining productivity in the value chain; and (3) enabling local cluster development. Building on a 3‐year (October 2019–October 2022) interaction with Enel—a very large company in the renewable energy sector—we collected qualitative data on the OI practices implemented in the construction, operating, and repurposing phases of three of its industrial sites. Employing a three‐step data analysis process, the study identified 29 OI practices across the sites, which have been grouped into 11 CSV microfoundations. Our findings contribute to understanding the organizational factors in sustainable value creation by bridging the gap between CSV and OI literature and confirm the effectiveness of OI models for addressing societal challenges like climate change.
Vinpocetine improves dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease rats by reducing oxidative stress and activating the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Ji Meng , Niu Shi‐qin , Mi He‐yin , Jiang Peng , Li Yue
Published: September 2023

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the commonest neurodegenerative disorder. It reduces motor and cognitive function in patients. Vinpocetine (Vinp) has the effects of anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant, and could improve cognitive function in patients. This study was aimed to investigating the therapeutic effects of Vinp on dyskinesia in a 6‐Hydroxydopamine hydrobromide (6‐OHDA)‐induced PD rat model. We constructed a PD rat model by injecting 6‐OHDA, and intervened with Vinp for 7 days. The motor function of the rats was evaluated by an open‐field test and rotation test. Besides, H&E staining was applied to observe the changes of dopaminergic neurons in the striatum. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the rat striatum were detected. We assessed the impact of Vinp on α‐synuclein (α‐Syn) and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway‐related molecules by western blot and qRT‐PCR. Rats in the PD group showed reduced horizontal movement frequency and number of squares crossed, increased contact time and rotation frequency, and reduced number of dopaminergic neurons accompanied by severe morphological damage. Vinp treatment increased the horizontal movement frequency and number of squares crossed, reduced the contact time, and rotation frequency in PD rats. Also, Vinp downregulated α‐Syn protein expression and MDA level, while upregulated SOD activity in the striatum of PD rats. Furthermore, Vinp treatment activated the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway in the striatum of PD rats. In conclusion, Vinp improved the dyskinesia in 6‐OHDA‐induced PD rats by alleviating oxidative stress, and these effects may be associated with activating the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway.
The mannose‐binding protein from Agaricus bisporus inhibits the growth of MDA‐MB‐231 spheroids
Authors: Azzahra Fauzia , Amalia Riezki , Karsono Agung Heru , Tjandrawinata Raymond Rubianto , Ismaya Wangsa Tirta , Rachmawati Heni
Published: September 2023

A mannose‐binding protein from the mushroom Agaricus bisporus (Abmb) inhibits the growth of MDA‐MB‐231 cells, which is of an aggressive breast cancer subtype. This ability was observed in a monolayer cell (2D) culture setup, which often is unable to capture changes in cell morphology, polarity and division. That shortcoming may overestimate Abmb potency for its development as a pharmaceutical agent and its use in a therapy. Hence, Abmb's inhibition to the cell growth was performed in the 3D cell (spheroid) culture, which is more representative to the situation in vivo. The result showed that, although the presence of Abmb at ~14.7 μM already disrupted the MDA‐MB‐231 cell morphology in the 2D culture, its presence at ~16.5 μM only ceased the growth of the MDA‐MB‐231 spheroid. Further, Abmb is unique because structurally it belongs to the R‐type lectin (RTL) family; most of mannose‐binding protein is of the C‐type lectin (CTL). As the natural ligand of Abmb is unknown thus the mechanism of action is unclear, Abmb effect on the cancer cells was assessed via observation of the altered expression of genes involved in the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling, which is one of the canonical pathways in the proliferation of cancer cells. The results suggested that Abmb did not alter the pathway upon exerting its anti‐proliferative activity to the MDA‐MB‐231 cells.
Additively and subtractively manufactured implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses: A systematic review
Authors: Ioannidis Alexis , Pala Kevser , Strauss Franz J. , Hjerppe Jenni , Jung Ronald E. , Joda Tim
Published: September 2023

Aim

To compare and report on the performance of implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses (iFDPs) fabricated using additive (AM) or subtractive (SM) manufacturing.

Methods

An electronic search was conducted (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central, Epistemonikos, clinical trials registries) with a focused PICO question: In partially edentulous patients with missing single (or multiple) teeth undergoing dental implant therapy (P), do AM iFDPs (I) compared to SM iFDPs (C) result in improved clinical performance (O)? Included were studies comparing AM to SM iFDPs (randomized clinical trials, prospective/retrospective clinical studies, case series, in vitro studies).

Results

Of 2′184 citations, no clinical study met the inclusion criteria, whereas six in vitro studies proved to be eligible. Due to the lack of clinical studies and considerable heterogeneity across the studies, no meta‐analysis could be performed. AM iFDPs were made of zirconia and polymers. For SM iFDPs, zirconia, lithium disilicate, resin‐modified ceramics and different types of polymer‐based materials were used. Performance was evaluated by assessing marginal and internal discrepancies and mechanical properties (fracture loads, bending moments). Three of the included studies examined the marginal and internal discrepancies of interim or definitive iFDPs, while four examined mechanical properties. Based on marginal and internal discrepancies as well as the mechanical properties of AM and SM iFDPs, the studies revealed inconclusive results.

Conclusion

Despite the development of AM and the comprehensive search, there is very limited data available on the performance of AM iFDPs and their comparison to SM techniques. Therefore, the clinical performance of iFDPs by AM remains to be elucidated.
Clinical and radiographic outcomes of zirconia dental implants—A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Roehling S. , Gahlert M. , Bacevic M. , Woelfler H. , Laleman I.
Published: September 2023

Objectives

For the present review, the following focused question was addressed: In patients with root‐analog dental implants, what is the effect of implants made of other materials than titanium (alloy) on implant survival, marginal bone loss (MBL), and technical and biological complications after at least 5 years.

Materials and Methods

An electronic (Medline, Embase, Web of Science) search was performed to identify observational clinical studies published from January 2000 investigating a minimum of 20 commercially available zirconia implants with a mean follow‐up of at least 60 months. Primary outcome was implant survival, secondary outcomes included peri‐implant MBL, probing depths (PDs), and technical and biological complications. Meta‐analyses were performed to evaluate implant survival, MBL, and PD.

Results

From 5129 titles, 580 abstracts were selected, and 111 full‐text articles were screened. Finally, 4 prospective and 2 retrospective observational clinical cohort studies were included for data extraction. Meta‐analyses estimated after 5 years of loading mean values of 97.2% (95% CI 94.7–99.1) for survival (277 implants, 221 patients), 1.1 mm (95% CI: 0.9–1.3) for MBL (229 implants, 173 patients), and 3.0 mm (95% CI 2.5–3.4) for PDs (231 implants, 175 patients).

Conclusions

After 5 years, commercially available zirconia implants showed reliable clinical performance based on survival rates, MBL, and PD values. However, more well‐designed prospective clinical studies and randomized clinical trials investigating titanium and zirconia implants are needed to confirm the presently evaluated promising outcomes.
Influence of buccal bone wall thickness on the peri‐implant hard and soft tissue dimensional changes: A systematic review
Authors: Monje Alberto , Roccuzzo Andrea , Buser Daniel , Wang Hom‐Lay
Published: September 2023

Background

The significance on the association between the peri‐implant bucco‐lingual dimension (BLD) at the stage of implant placement and the occurrence of biological and esthetic complications is yet unknown.

Material and methods

Systematic screening of electronic sources was carried out to identify clinical and preclinical studies reporting on the baseline BLD and/or buccal bone thickness (BBT) values. A secondary objective was to assess the effect of simultaneous grafting at sites with deficient or no buccal bone wall (BBW) at baseline. The primary outcome variables were BBT, BLD, and buccal vertical bone loss (VBL) at re‐evaluation. Moreover, radiographic, clinical, and patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) were evaluated.

Results

Overall, 12 clinical and four preclinical studies met the inclusion criteria. Inconsistencies were found in defining the critical BBT across the clinical and preclinical data evaluated. The clinical evidence demonstrated that during healing, dimensional changes occur in the alveolar bone and in the BBW that may compromise the integrity of the peri‐implant bone, leading to VBL and mucosal recession (MR), particularly in scenarios exhibiting a thin BBW. The preclinical evidence validated the fact that implants placed in the presence of a thin BBW, are more prone to exhibit major dimensional changes and VBL. Moreover, the clinical data supported that, in scenarios where dehiscence‐type defects occur and are left for spontaneous healing, greater VBL and MR together with the occurrence of biologic complications are expected. Furthermore, the augmentation of dehiscence‐type defects is associated with hard and soft tissue stability. PROMs were not reported.

Conclusions

Dimensional changes occur as result of implant placement in healed ridges that may lead to instability of the peri‐implant hard and soft tissues. Sites presenting a thin BBW are more prone to exhibit major changes that may compromise the integrity of the buccal bone and may lead to biologic and esthetic complications.
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on circulating level of autophagosome protein LC3A, inflammation, and physical performance in knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Saengsiwaritt Wacharapol , Jittikoon Jiraphun , Chaikledkaew Usa , Tawonsawatruk Tulyapruek , Honsawek Sittisak , Udomsinprasert Wanvisa
Published: September 2023

Aberrant autophagic activity is observed in osteoarthritic joints. Vitamin D was shown to alleviate not only osteoarthritis severity, but also autophagy process. However, the influence of vitamin D on autophagy in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) remains ambiguous. This study aimed to determine the effect of vitamin D2 on serum levels of autophagosome protein LC3A in patients with KOA and whether LC3A levels were correlated with serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and clinical outcomes of patients with KOA. A total of 165 patients with KOA and 25 healthy controls were recruited. Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) was administered to patients with KOA at a weekly dosage of 40,000 IU. Serum LC3A, knee pain and functional scores, muscle strength, physical performance, and biochemical parameters were examined before and after 6 months of vitamin D2 supplementation. Serum LC3A levels were significantly higher in patients with KOA than healthy controls. In patients with KOA, vitamin D2 supplementation significantly decreased serum LC3A levels. Furthermore, baseline levels of serum LC3A were significantly associated with radiographic severity, pain and functional scores, total cholesterol, hs‐CRP, IL‐6, protein carbonyl, and serum 25(OH)D. After adjusting for established confounders, independent relationships among serum LC3A and radiographic severity, pain and functional scores, total cholesterol, hs‐CRP, IL‐6, protein carbonyl, and serum 25(OH)D were also observed. Vitamin D2 supplementation was shown to not only decrease serum levels of LC3A, inflammatory markers, as well as oxidative stress, but also improve muscle strength and physical performance in patients with KOA.
The presence of busulfan metabolites and pharmacometabolomics in plasma drawn immediately before allograft infusion in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients
Authors: McCune Jeannine S. , Navarro Sandi L. , Risler Linda J. , Phillips Brian R. , Ren Suping , Schoch H. Gary , Baker K. Scott
Published: September 2023

Busulfan is hepatically metabolized through glutathione (GSH) conjugation; in vitro, this process depletes hepatocyte GSH stores and generates the cytotoxic metabolite γ‐glutamyldehydroalanylglycine, which is too unstable to be quantitated in vivo. We sought to evaluate if pre‐graft (i.e., immediately before allograft infusion) concentrations of busulfan metabolites' and of endogenous metabolomic compounds (EMCs) representing the glutathione pathway were associated with clinical outcomes in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients receiving busulfan. The clinical outcomes evaluated were relapse, acute graft versus host disease (GVHD), chronic GVHD, non‐relapse mortality, and neutrophil nadir. In pre‐graft samples obtained from patients immediately before allograft infusion, our objectives were to evaluate for: (1) the presence of busulfan and its metabolites tetrahydrothiophenium ion (THT+), tetrahydrothiophene 1‐oxide, sulfolane, and 3‐hydroxysulfolane (N = 124); (2) EMCs using a global metabolomics assay (N = 77); and (3) the association of the busulfan metabolites and the EMCs with clinical outcomes. In the pre‐graft samples, busulfan and THT+ could not be detected. THT 1‐oxide, sulfolane, and 3‐hydroxysulfolane were quantitated in 9.6%, 26%, and 58% of pre‐graft samples; their concentrations were not associated with clinical outcomes. Four pre‐graft EMCs were statistically significantly associated with the neutrophil nadir. The pre‐graft EMCs were not associated with the other clinical outcomes. In conclusion, busulfan's metabolites are present in patients' plasma immediately before allograft infusion; the neutrophil nadir is associated with pre‐graft EMCs. Future research should investigate the association of clinical outcomes with the concentrations of busulfan's metabolites and EMCs in the pre‐graft plasma from allogeneic HCT recipients.
End‐of‐life wishes and care planning for patients with advanced skin cancer
Authors: Volberg Christian , Schrade Severin , Heers Hendrik , Carrasco Anna J. Pedrosa , Morin Astrid , Gschnell Martin
Published: September 2023

Background

Patients with advanced or metastatic skin cancer have a limited life expectancy and the majority die as a result of the tumor despite modern treatment options. The preferences of these patients concerning care during their last phase of life are currently unknown.

Patients and methods

150 patients with advanced skin cancer (AJCC/UICC stage III or IV) were interviewed using a structured questionnaire.

Results

75% of the respondents wished to die in their domestic environment, although a more advanced tumor stage and increased reflection upon end‐of‐life care lead away from this wish. However, only 42% reported having communicated this wish to someone else. 55% of the respondents had completed advance directives, while younger patients did this significantly less often (95% CI: 0.11–0.56; p  =  0.001). The majority of patients (62%) would like to have discussions about possibilities for end‐of‐life care with the attending dermato‐oncologist.

Conclusions

Although the moment of death is unpredictable, early initiation of end‐of‐life advance care planning appears prudent. The attending dermato‐oncologists should take the initiative to raise the subject with their patients during routine control visits. In this context, it may be useful to present available care options to patients and relatives and to design strategies for the event of deteriorating health.
Contrasting long‐term changes in lake trajectories linked to differences in wind‐induced mixing in the Peruvian Andes
Authors: Jones Evan , Michelutti Neal , Grooms Christopher , Tapia Pedro , Smol John P.
Published: September 2023

Historically, many high‐elevation lakes in the tropical Andes have been observed to mix frequently, with rare, brief periods of thermal stratification. As temperatures have risen in the Andes over the past several decades, thermistor data have shown that many lakes are now experiencing longer periods of thermal stratification with resultant ecological restructuring. Palaeolimnological studies from these lakes have recorded striking diatom assemblage shifts, coeval with recent changes in thermal stratification.

Here, we analyse subfossil diatom assemblages from a wind‐sheltered lake, Laguna Yanacocha, in the Peruvian Andes. Thermistors deployed in the lake indicated that Laguna Yanacocha was more strongly thermally stratified and for longer periods than other nearby lakes. We hypothesised that, owing to its sheltered position, this lake is likely to have exhibited enhanced periods of thermal stratification even before the period of recent warming, and that these limnological conditions would be tracked in the subfossil diatom record.

The diatom assemblages from Laguna Yanacocha recorded consistently high abundances of the obligate planktonic taxon Discostella stelligera over the last several centuries. This taxon is known to flourish with warming and has been shown to increase in abundance with the onset of thermally stratified conditions in other Andean waterbodies, as well as lakes globally. The dominance of D. stelligera throughout the entire sediment record suggests a long history of thermal stratification that is likely to be a consequence of the study lake's surrounding topography, which shelters it from wind mixing.

The sub‐fossil assemblage data from Laguna Yanacocha contrasts with assemblages from previously studied wind‐swept lakes in the Andes, which primarily show low abundances of D. stelligera before well‐documented temperature increases. The fossil diatom record from Laguna Yanacocha may provide an indication of how other lakes from the region will respond to warming temperatures and enhanced thermal stratification.
Relational practices for meaningful inclusion in health research: Results of a deliberative dialogue study
Authors: Plamondon Katrina , Banner Davina , Cary Miranda A. , Faulkner Melissa , Gainforth Heather , Ghag Kiranpreet , Hoens Alison , Huisken Anne , Kandola Damanpreet K. , Khan Shaheer , Silva Aline Silveira , Oelke Nelly , Rai Ashmita , Strain Kimberly , Sibley Kathryn M. , Wick Ursula
Published: September 2023

Introduction

The importance of including people affected by research (e.g., community members, citizens or patient partners) is increasingly recognized across the breadth of institutions involved in connecting research with action. Yet, the increasing rhetoric of inclusion remains situated in research systems that tend to reward traditional dissemination and uphold power dynamics in ways that centre particular (privileged) voices over others. In research explicitly interested in doing research with those most affected by the issue or outcomes, research teams need to know how to advance meaningful inclusion. This study focused on listening to voices often excluded from research processes to understand what meaningful inclusion looks and feels like, and asked what contributes to being or feeling tokenized.

Methods

In this deliberative dialogue study, 16 participants with experience of navigating social exclusions and contributing to research activities reflected on what makes for meaningful experiences of inclusion. Using a co‐production approach, with a diversely representative research team of 15 that included patient and community partners, we used critically reflective dialogue to guide an inclusive process to study design and implementation, from conceptualization of research questions through to writing.

Results

We heard that: research practices, partnerships and systems all contribute to experiences of inclusion or exclusion; the insufficiency or absence of standards for accountability amplifies the experience of exclusion; and inclusive practices require intention, planning, reflection and resources.

Conclusions

We offer evidence‐informed recommendations for the deeply relational work and practices for inclusivity, focused on promising practices for cultivating welcoming systems, spaces and relationships.

Patient or Public Contribution

This work reflects a co‐production approach, where people who use and are affected by research results actively partnered in the research process, including study design, data‐generating activities, analysis and interpretation, and writing. Several of these partners are authors of this manuscript.
Experiences of people with long COVID: Symptoms, support strategies and the Long COVID Optimal Health Programme (LC‐OHP)
Authors: Al‐Jabr Hiyam , Thompson David R. , Castle David J. , Ski Chantal F.
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Long COVID (LC) is a multisystem illness, with fluctuating symptoms that affect the daily activities of patients. There are still no standardised diagnostic criteria or treatment approaches for managing LC. The LC‐Optimal Health Programme (LC‐OHP) was designed to support the mental wellbeing and physical health of people with LC. Gaining an in‐depth understanding of patients' experiences and support strategies is imperative to identifying appropriate supports to guide them through their recovery. This study aimed to elicit the experiences and perceptions of adults with LC regarding symptoms, support strategies and the LC‐OHP.

Methods

As part of a wider randomised controlled trial of the LC‐OHP, participants in the intervention group had their sessions audio‐recorded. Transcripts were thematically analysed to identify common emergent themes.

Findings

The LC‐OHP was delivered to 26 participants. Data were collected between January 2022 and February 2023. Four main themes emerged: ‘Symptoms and impact of LC’; ‘Other sources of support and perceived challenges’; ‘Strategies to support LC’ and ‘Perceptions of the LC‐OHP’.

Conclusion

LC experiences were mostly described as fluctuating and burdensome that significantly impacted daily activities, and physical and mental health. The LC‐OHP was perceived as beneficial. Access and experiences of other sources of support were varied. Increasing LC awareness amongst health practitioners and the wider community has the potential to improve the experiences of those affected by LC.

Patient or Public Contribution

The LC‐OHP was derived from the OHP. It was adapted to people with LC following consultation with practitioners at an LC clinic. Additionally, the mode and timing of delivering the programme to this population were taken into account for its delivery at the convenience of participating patients. While considering that fatigue and brain fog are amongst the most reported complaints of people with LC, public members with LC were not involved directly in this study; however, feedback obtained from practitioners working with this population was implemented in amending the programme and its delivery. Additionally, feedback from patients with other chronic health conditions who used the OHP in previous studies has been implemented to make the programme more user‐friendly. Moreover, feedback obtained from participants receiving this programme in this study was implanted immediately and shared with other participants. Finally, this study was overviewed by a data management committee that included two public members with LC, who contributed and provided guidance to support this study.
Nest aggregations of wild bees and apoid wasps in urban pavements: A ‘street life’ to be promoted in urban planning
Authors: Noël Grégoire , Van Keymeulen Violette , Barbier Yvan , Smets Sylvie , Van Damme Olivier , Colinet Gilles , Lokatis Sophie , Ruelle Julien , Francis Frédéric
Published: September 2023

In the last 10 years, the interest in nature‐based solutions and ecosystem services like pollination has increased profoundly and with it the need to gather knowledge about wild bees and apoid wasp community dynamics, especially in urban ecosystems. Research on how the urban environment impacts the conditions of nesting sites is relatively scarce. Recent observations in the Brussels‐Capital Region (BCR; Belgium) show that urban pavements can provide alternative nesting opportunities for ground‐nesting Hymenoptera, such as wild bees and apoid wasps.

Here, using a citizen science approach, we investigated the richness of ground‐nesting species living under urban pavements, as well as their preferences for sidewalk characteristics.

A total of 22 species belonging to 10 families of wild bees, digger wasps and their associated cleptoparasites were identified at 89 sites in the BCR (Belgium). Sandstone setts or concrete slabs, with an unbound joint size of around 10 mm, were found to be the best suitable urban pavements for the ground‐nesting species. The soil texture under the pavement contained mainly sandy particles.

We propose management guidelines to support bee and wasp species nesting under urban pavement in highly urbanised areas. Our observations pave the way for further research in the field of urban ecology and highlight the potential of multifunctional pavement designs that promote not only climate adaptation but also biodiversity.
ESG for All? The Impact of ESG Screening on Return, Risk, and Diversification
Authors: Verheyden Tim , Eccles Robert G. , Feiner Andreas
Published: September 2023

A large body of research has documented a positive relationship between different measures of sustainability—such as indicators of employee satisfaction and effective corporate governance—and corporate financial performance. Nevertheless, many investors still struggle to quantify the value of ESG to investment performance.

To address this issue, the authors tested the effects of using different ESG filters on an investable universe that serves as the starting point for a fund manager. In this way, they attempted to determine the extent to which ESG data can add value to any investment approach, regardless of preferences towards sustainable investing.

The authors report “an unequivocally positive” contribution to risk‐adjusted returns when using a 10% best‐in‐class ESG screening approach (one that effectively removes companies with the lowest 10% of ESG rankings), both on a global and a developed markets universe. More specifically, as a result of such screening, both the global and developed markets portfolios show higher returns, lower (tail) risk, and no significant reduction of diversification potential despite the reduction in the number of companies. Use of a 25% screening filter was also found to add value, especially by reducing tail risks, but with a larger deviation from the unscreened universe.

Overall, then, the authors’ finding is that the incorporation of ESG information contributes to better decision‐making in every investment approach, with the optimal configuration depending on a fund manager's preferences and willingness to deviate from an unscreened benchmark.
Health‐related quality of life in patients with generalized pustular psoriasis: A systematic literature review
Authors: Choon S. E. , De La Cruz C. , Wolf P. , Jha R. K. , Fischer K. I. , Goncalves‐Bradley D. C. , Hepworth T. , Marshall S. R. , Gottlieb A. B.
Published: September 2023

Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare, chronic, neutrophilic inflammatory skin disease characterized by episodes of widespread eruption of sterile, macroscopic pustules that can be accompanied by systemic inflammation and symptoms. A systematic literature review and narrative synthesis were conducted to determine the impact of GPP on patients' health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and patient‐reported severity of symptoms and to compare its impact to patients with plaque psoriasis (plaque PsO). Searches were undertaken in Embase, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library from 1 January 2002 to 15 September 2022. Screening was carried out by two reviewers independently. Outcome measures included generic (e.g. EQ‐5D, SF‐36) and dermatology‐specific (e.g. DLQI) clinical outcome assessments, and other relevant patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) (e.g. severity of pain measured by a numerical rating scale). Overall, 20 studies were found to be eligible for inclusion, of which seven also had data for plaque PsO. The DLQI was the most frequently reported outcome measure (16 out of 20 studies). When reported, mean DLQI (SD) scores varied from 5.7 (1.2) to 15.8 (9.6) across the studies, indicating a moderate to very large effect on HRQoL; the wide range of scores and large SDs were explained by the small population sizes (n ≤ 12 for all studies except two). Similar ranges and large SDs were also observed for other measures within individual studies. However, in general, people with GPP reported a greater impact of their skin condition on HRQoL, when compared to people with plaque PsO (i.e. higher DLQI scores) and higher severity for itch, pain and fatigue. This systematic review highlighted the need for studies with a larger population size, a better understanding of the impact of cutaneous and extracutaneous symptoms and comorbidities on HRQoL during and between GPP flares, and outcome measures specifically tailored to the unique symptoms and the natural course/history of GPP.
Belgian dietitians′ knowledge, perceptions and willingness‐to‐recommend of genetically modified food and organisms
Authors: De Mesmaeker Mathias , Tran Duc , Verbeecke Vincent , Ameye Florien , Dubaere Pauline , Strobbe Simon , Van Der Straeten Dominique , De Steur Hans
Published: September 2023

Background

Dietitians play a critical role in the public's relationship with food and are often overlooked as an important stakeholder group in the general debate about sustainable food. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are one type of modern food source that could contribute to a more sustainable food system. This case study is the first to examine the knowledge, perception and willingness‐to‐recommend (WTR) genetically modified (GM) foods by dietitians in Europe.

Methods

An online survey was addressed to all members of the Flemish Association of Dietitians (Belgium) in 2021, resulting in a sample of 98 valid responses. Multivariate linear regression included sociodemographic, knowledge, and attitudinal factors as the independent variables to explain dietitians' WTR.

Results

Flemish dietitians had limited knowledge of GMOs; only about half of the GM questions were answered correctly. Most dietitians (53%–76%) would recommend GMOs with positive effects on human nutrition or sustainability, whereas few dietitians (19%–27%) would recommend other GMO applications. Trust in GMO information sources and perceived GM benefits significantly influenced a positive WTR of GM foods. Predominant negative information about GM foods was significantly associated with dietitians' low trust and WTR such foods.

Conclusions

Countering the predominantly negative portrayal with more neutral and factual information could improve trust, which in turn could positively influence dietitians' perceptions towards GMOs. By further examining the knowledge and perception of dietitians worldwide GMOs and gene‐edited products, new insights could be could gathered into the positioning of this underexposed stakeholder group.
Equilibrium reporting strategy: Two rate classes and full insurance
Authors: Cao Jingyi , Li Dongchen , Young Virginia R. , Zou Bin
Published: September 2023

We propose a multiperiod insurance model under a bonus–malus system with two rate classes and consider an insured who has purchased full insurance for her losses. To explore the potential advantage of underreporting her insurable losses, the insured follows a barrier strategy and only reports lossses above the barrier to the insurer. We obtain a unique equilibrium declaration strategy in closed form for a risk‐neutral insured who maximizes her expected wealth, and in semiclosed form for a risk‐averse insured who maximizes her expected exponential utility of wealth, both over an exogenous random horizon. We find that the equilibrium barriers for the two classes are equal and strictly greater than zero, offering a theoretical explanation for the underreporting of insurable losses, a form of ex post moral hazard. Finally, we consider the case of three rate classes and show, through numerical examples, that the equilibrium barriers are not equal.
A risk science perspective on vaccines
Authors: Glette‐Iversen Ingrid , Aven Terje , Flage Roger
Published: September 2023

Vaccines can be seen as one of the greatest successes in modern medicine. Good examples are the vaccines against smallpox, polio, and measles. Unfortunately, vaccines can have side effects, but the risks are considered by the health authorities and experts to be small compared to their benefits. Nevertheless, there are many who are skeptical of vaccination, something which has been very clearly demonstrated in relation to the COVID‐19 disease. Risk is the key concept when evaluating a vaccine, in relation to both its ability to protect against the disease and its side effects. However, risk is a challenging concept to measure, which makes communication about vaccines’ performance and side effects difficult. The present article aims at providing new insights into vaccine risks—the understanding, perception, communication, and handling of them—by adopting what is here referred to as a contemporary risk science perspective. This perspective clarifies the relationships between the risk concept and terms like uncertainty, knowledge, and probability. The skepticism toward vaccines is multifaceted, and influenced by concerns that extend beyond the effectiveness and safety of the vaccines. However, by clarifying the relationships between key concepts of risk, particularly how uncertainty affects risk and its characterization, we can improve our understanding of this issue.
The effect of age on emotion regulation patterns in daily life: Findings from an experience sampling study
Authors: Mikkelsen Mai Bjørnskov , O'Toole Mia Skytte , Elkjær Emma , Mehlsen Mimi
Published: September 2023

The present experience sampling study investigated the effect of age on emotion regulation patterns (i.e., emotion regulation strategy effectiveness, variability, and differentiation) in daily life. The study further explored the implications of potential age differences in emotion regulation patterns for well‐being. A sample of 406 adults (age range: 18–81, 62.8% female) were prompted five times a day for seven days to rate momentary emotions, emotion regulation strategy use, and emotion regulation strategy effectiveness. Based on these ratings, indicators of emotion regulation variability and differentiation were calculated. Well‐being outcomes included daily positive and negative emotions, and symptoms of depression and anxiety assessed at baseline. The findings revealed reduced emotion regulation variability with age and a negative association between emotion regulation variability and well‐being. There were no associations between age and emotion regulation effectiveness or differentiation. Emotion regulation effectiveness was associated with more positive and less negative daily emotions, and these associations were stronger for younger adults compared to older adults. Drawing on prominent lifespan theories, the findings may indicate that as people age, they select and apply a few strategies that they know will be effective given the context and their resources which leads to reduced emotion regulation variability but ultimately more well‐being. Concerning emotion regulation effectiveness, the findings suggest that effectiveness is less important for emotional well‐being in daily life in older adulthood possibly because well‐being is determined by other factors (e.g., less frequent and more predictable stressors) with age.
Strongyloides infection screening in transplant candidates: What is the best strategy?
Authors: Gryschek Ronaldo Cesar Borges , Corral Marcelo Andreetta , Sitta Renata Barnabé , Gottardi Maiara , Pierrotti Ligia Camera , Costa Silvia Figueiredo , Abdala Edson , Chieffi Pedro Paulo , de Paula Fabiana Martins
Published: September 2023

Background

The potential that Strongyloides stercoralis infection has to cause major morbidity and high mortality when the disseminated form occurs in transplant patients is of particular concern.

Methods

In this study, the objective was to observe S. stercoralis infection in patients who are candidates for transplantation by using parasitological, serological, and molecular techniques and to propose an algorithm for the detection of that infection in transplant candidates.

Results

By parasitological techniques, 10% of fecal samples were positive. Anti‐Strongyloides antibodies immunoglobulin G were detected in 19.3% and 20.7% of patients by immunofluorescence assay and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. S. stercoralis DNA was observed in 17.3% of samples by conventional polymerase chain reaction and 32.7% of samples by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).

Conclusion

The set of results allows us to reinforce that a positive result by parasitological techniques and/or qPCR indicates that the specific treatment should be applied. However, the improvement of diagnostic techniques may suggest changes in the screening for strongyloidiasis in these patients.

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Selective efferent vagal stimulation in heart failure
Authors: Booth Lindsea C. , Saseetharan Baagavi , May Clive N. , Yao Song T.
Published: September 2023

Patients diagnosed with heart failure have high rates of mortality and morbidity. Based on promising preclinical studies, vagal nerve stimulation has been trialled in these patients using whole nerve electrical stimulation, but the results have been mixed. This is, at least in part, due to an inability to selectively recruit the activity of specific fibres within the vagus with whole nerve electrical stimulation, as well as not knowing which the ‘therapeutic’ fibres are. This symposium review focuses on a population of cardiac‐projecting efferent vagal fibres with cell bodies located within the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve and a new method of selectively targeting these projections as a potential treatment in heart failure.