bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of composite hydrogels by sonication‐assisted assembly of okara cellulose nanofibers and chitosan: structure and properties
Authors: Wu Changling , McClements David Julian , Ma Bohui , He Zhiping , Wu Fenghua , Zhang Yongzhu , Liu Xingquan , Wang Peng
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

Okara cellulose is a highly abundant, green, sustainable, and biodegradable polymer with many potential industrial applications. In this study, we fabricated composite hydrogels with okara cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and chitosan (CH) by hydrating, sonicating, and heating them at 100 °C for 30 min, and then induced their assembly by cooling. The effects of okara CNF (with and without 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyloxy (TEMPO) oxidation) and CH concentration on the structure and properties of the hydrogels was examined, including their microstructure, surface properties, rheological properties, and thermal stability.

RESULTS

Our results indicate that there was an electrostatic attraction between the anionic okara CNF and cationic CH, which facilitated hydrogel formation. The surface, textural, rheological, and thermal stability properties were better for the composite hydrogels than for the single CH ones, as well as for the CNF that had undergone TEMPO oxidation. For the TC‐CH hydrogels, the contact angle was 39.5°, the interfacial tension was 69.1 mN m−1, and the surface tension was 1.44 mN m−1.

CONCLUSION

In this study, the novel hydrogels developed may be useful as a soft material in a range of applications in foods, supplements, health care products, cosmetics, and drugs. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Enhancement of functional properties, digestive properties, and in vitro digestion product physiological activity of extruded corn gluten meal by enzymatic modification
Authors: Huang Pimiao , Zhao Wenke , Cai Lei , Liu Ying , Wu Jing , Cui Chun
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

Enzymatic modification is an effective means of improving the functional properties, digestive properties, and in vitro digestion product physiological activity of proteins, thus significantly expanding protein uses in various food applications.

RESULTS

In this study, the addition of chymotrypsin (CT) at pH 9.0 and 11.0 was found to significantly improve the functional properties (solubility, foaming properties, water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, etc.) and digestive properties of extruded corn gluten meal (ECGM). Similar changes were observed when treating ECGM with glutaminase, protein glutaminase, and papain. These changes were likely due to the increase in number of carboxyl groups and the multiple effects of change in protein net charge and conformation caused by enzymatic deamidation. Of note, ECGM deamidated by CT showed the highest degree of deamidation, solubility, and gastrointestinal digestibility at pH 11.0, up to 44.92%, 43.75%, and 82.22%, respectively. In addition, CT‐ECGM digestion product exhibited strong antioxidant activity and potential to promote alcohol metabolism in both a static digestion model and dynamic digestion model, even comparable to commercial corn peptides (CCP), while being inexpensive and of low bitterness compared to CCP. Meanwhile, the physiological activity enhanced as the molecular weight of digestion product decreased with the digested component having strongest activity.

CONCLUSION

This study may promote the application of ECGM as a food component in the food industry or even as a substitute for CCP. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Environmental enrichment improves growth and fillet quality in rainbow trout
Authors: De la Llave‐Propín Álvaro , Martínez Villalba Andrea , Villarroel Morris , Pérez Concepción , González de Chávarri Elisabeth , Díaz María Teresa , Cabezas Almudena , González Garoz Roberto , De la Fuente Jesús , Bermejo‐Poza Rubén
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

Some environmental enrichment methods, such as occupational enrichment (OE), can improve fish growth, but little is known about its effects on fillet quality. In this study, we evaluated the effects of OE using underwater currents on different aspects of fillet quality and muscle metabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), before and after a handling procedure (fasting). The trout were placed in groups of 30 in separate tanks in three treatments for 30 days: no artificial currents (CON), randomly fired underwater currents (RFC), and continuous underwater currents (CUC). Additionally, half of the individuals in each treatment were fasted (5 days, 45.2 °C days).

RESULTS

Slaughter weight, condition factor, and relative growth were lower in CON fish, indicating a positive effect of OE on growth. Rigor mortis, muscle pH, and muscle glycogen levels were similar among treatments, indicating no effect of OE on classical measures of fillet quality. However, significant differences were found regarding fillet colour and muscle enzymes. The fillets of RFC fish were more salmon‐pink in colour, which is favoured by consumers. Also, activity levels of pyruvate kinase and glycogen phosphorylase in muscle were significantly higher in CUC fish, probably due to increased energy demands, as pumps were on continually in that treatment.

CONCLUSION

Overall, RFC fish seemed to have received enough stimulation to improve growth while not being excessive in terms of exhausting the animals (avoiding negative effects on muscle metabolism), whereas OE may have provided a hormetic effect, allowing fish to better adjust to fasting. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Bioinformatics‐based discovery of intervertebral disc degeneration biomarkers and immune‐inflammatory infiltrates
Authors: Song Chao , Zhou Daqian , Cheng Kang , Liu Fei , Cai Weiye , Mei Yongliang , Chen Jingwen , Huang Chenyi , Liu Zongchao
Published: December 2023

Background

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a common chronic disease in orthopedics, and its molecular mechanisms are still not well explained.

Aim

This study's objective was to bioinformatics‐based discovery of IVDD biomarkers and immune‐inflammatory infiltrates.

Materials and Methods

The IVDD illness gene collection was gathered from GeneCards, DisGeNet, and gene expression profiles were chosen from the extensive Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE124272, GSE150408, and GSE153761). The STRING database was used to create a network of protein–protein interactions, while the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) databases were used for functional enrichment analysis. Using hub genes, the immune cell infiltration between IVDD patient samples and control tissues was examined. Finally, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot experiments were used to verify the expression of hub genes.

Results

A total of 27 differentially expressed hub genes were identified by bioinformatics. According to GO and KEGG analyses, hub genes were prominent in immunological responses, chemokine‐mediated signaling pathways, and inflammatory responses, with the key signaling pathways engaged in cellular senescence, apoptosis, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, and Th17 cell differentiation. Immune cell infiltration research revealed that T cells, lymphocytes, B cells, and NK cells were decreased in IVDD patients while monocytes, neutrophils, and CD8 T cells were increased. The expression levels of the senescence hub genes SP1, VEGFA, IL‐6, and the apoptosis key gene CASP3 were considerably greater in the IVDD model group than in the control group, according to in vitro validation.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the cellular senescence signaling pathway, the apoptosis signaling pathway, and associated hub genes play significant roles in the development and progression of IVDD, this finding may help direct future research on the senescence signaling route in IVDD.
Harmonizing marine zooplankton trait data toward a mechanistic understanding of ecosystem functioning
Authors: Pata Patrick R. , Hunt Brian P. V.
Published: December 2023

Compiling trait information promotes discovery and innovation in using trait‐based approaches in ecology. Various zooplankton trait datasets are stored in unlinked data repositories, in diverse data structures, and have varying levels of complexity. These require standardization and harmonization to allow interoperability and to limit the duplication of efforts in the time‐consuming and error‐prone task of trait compilation. This study aggregated and harmonized 33 zooplankton traits datasets and supplemented these with more than 150 references into a single zooplankton trait database with an initial set of 56 traits for 3535 marine zooplankton species. The database has a long data table structure using the entity‐attribute‐value format and includes taxonomic and ancillary metadata, and data source provenance preserving how the data were originally recorded. The database is stored both at the individual level (Level 1) and as species level means (Level 2). The Level 1 database has 57,615 rows of trait records and the Level 2 database has 14,977 unique trait‐taxon records. We evaluated the coverage of trait data, taxonomic representation, and strategies in filling‐in data gaps. Comparison of trait value estimation approaches identified allometric scaling to be more accurate than taxon‐level generalization and imputation. This centralized and harmonized marine zooplankton trait database aims to be extendable and future‐proof and to promote trait data sharing, FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable) data practices, and reproducibility.
Red‐Shifted Luminescence of Acrylonitrile‐Containing Copolymers: A Matter of One Methyl Unit
Authors: Li Xinyu , Dai Junhao , Zhang Rui , Wen Tao
Published: December 2023

Copolymerization provides an effective approach to tune the photophysical properties of non‐conventional luminescent polymers (NCLPs). In this study, the controlling of intrinsic emissions of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) copolymers is revealed by a delicate difference of secondary monomers. The introduction of methacrylate comonomers can induce a 70‐nm red‐shifting in the PL emission of copolymers compared with that of acrylate‐containing copolymers. The mechanism of such “copolymerization induced red‐shifting” in PAN copolymers is investigated. It is demonstrated that the presence of the α‐methyl group in the copolymers can enhance the chain rigidity and through‐space conjugation (TSC) of C≡N groups, resulting in the red‐shifting of emission.
Single‐Step Kinetic Predictions Based on a Constructed Isoconversional State Diagram
Authors: Tao Qi , Krivec Thomas , Kern Wolfgang
Published: December 2023

A new concept called isoconversional state diagram, which can be used to predict the kinetics of single‐step condensed phase reactions, is introduced. A state represents a certain extent of conversion degree α in a reaction. The construction of the isoconversional state diagram is based on the isoconversional state equation, which is a piecewise linear equation about 1/T and lnβ, where T is the temperature and β is the heating rate. The slope of the linear equation is controlled by the activation energy Eα and its intercept contains the inherent information of the kinetic triplet, i.e., the pre‐exponential factor Aα, the activation energy Eα and the reaction model f(α). Consequently, the geometric methods for nonisothermal and isothermal kinetic predictions are derived. The latter reflects the physical meaning of the relationship between reactions under isothermal and nonisothermal conditions, i.e., the time to advance from αi to αi+1 at isothermal temperature Tiso is equal to the time to heat from Tiso to under heating rate , where Tiso, and must be determined from the isoconversional state diagram.
Neumann series of Bessel functions for inverse coefficient problems
Authors: Çetinkaya Fatma Ayça , Khmelnytskaya Kira V. , Kravchenko Vladislav V.
Published: December 2023

Consider the Sturm–Liouville equation
with a real‐valued potential
. Let
be its solution satisfying certain initial conditions
for a number of
, where
, and
are some complex numbers. Denote
, where
. We propose a method for solving the inverse problem of the approximate recovery of the potential
and number
from the following data
. In general, the problem is ill‐posed; however, it finds numerous practical applications. Such inverse problems as the recovery of the potential from a Weyl function or the inverse two‐spectra Sturm–Liouville problem are its special cases. Moreover, the inverse problem of determining the shape of a human vocal tract also reduces to the considered inverse problem. The proposed method is based on special Neumann series of Bessel functions representations for solutions of Sturm–Liouville equations. With their aid the problem is reduced to the classical inverse Sturm–Liouville problem of recovering
from two spectra, which is solved again with the help of the same representations. The overall approach leads to an efficient numerical algorithm for solving the inverse problem. Its numerical efficiency is illustrated by several examples.
On the Cauchy problem for semilinear σ‐evolution equations with time‐dependent damping
Authors: Sevki Aslan Halit , Anh Dao Tuan
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we would like to consider the Cauchy problem for semilinear
‐evolution equations with time‐dependent damping for any
. Motivated strongly by the classification of damping terms in some previous papers, the first main goal of the present work is to make some generalizations from
to
and simultaneously to investigate decay estimates for solutions to the corresponding linear equations in the so‐called effective damping cases. For the next main goals, we are going not only to prove the global well‐posedness property of small data solutions but also to indicate blow‐up results for solutions to the semilinear problem. In this concern, the novelty which should be recognized is that the application of a modified test function combined with a judicious choice of test functions gives blow‐up phenomena and upper bound estimates for lifespan in both the subcritical case and the critical case, where
is assumed to be any fractional number. Finally, lower bound estimates for lifespan in some spatial dimensions are also established to find out their sharp results.
Dynamic transfer model and applications of a penetrating projectile‐fuze multibody system
Authors: Yu Da , Yang Benqiang , Yan Kai , Li Changsheng , Ma Xiang , Han Xiangyu , Zhang He , Dai Keren
Published: December 2023

In modern warfare, fortifications are being placed deeper underground and with increased mechanical strength, placing higher demands on the target speed of the penetrating munitions that attack them. In such practical scenarios, penetrating fuze inevitably experience extreme mechanical loads with long pulse durations and high shock strengths. Experimental results indicate that their shock accelerations can even exceed those of the projectile by several times. However, due to the unclear understanding of the dynamic transfer mechanism of the penetrating fuze system under such extreme mechanical conditions, there is still a lack of effective methods to accurately estimate and design protection against the impact loads on the penetrating fuze. This paper focuses on the dynamic response of penetrating munitions and fuzes under high impact, establishing a nonlinear dynamic transfer model for penetrating fuze systems, which can calculate the sensor overload signal of the fuze location. The results show that the relative error between the peak acceleration obtained by the proposed multibody dynamic transfer model and that obtained by experimental tests is only 15.7%, which is much lower than the 26.4% error between finite element simulations and experimental tests. The computational burden of the proposed method mainly lies in the parameter calibration process, which needs to be performed only once for a specific projectile‐fuze system. Once calibrated, the model can rapidly conduct parameter scanning simulations for the projectile mass, target plate strength, and impact velocity with an extremely low computational cost to obtain the response characteristics of the projectile‐fuze system under various operating conditions. This greatly facilitates the practical engineering design of penetrating ammunition fuze.
Twins found in a Late Dynastic/Coptic Egyptian mummy
Authors: Margolis Francine , Hunt David R.
Published: December 2023

During research conducted in 2019 regarding pelvic shape in population groups and its effects on successful delivery, one of the individuals studied was a Late Dynastic/Coptic Egyptian female mummy approximately 14–17 years old (USNM catalogue number 258601). She had an associated fetus that was wrapped and placed between her legs during mummification (USNM 258602). In 1908, the mother and child were excavated and autopsied for analysis. Field notes from 1908 said she had died from obstetric complications. For our 2019 study, the mummy was CT scanned to acquire the measurements of her pelvis and determine if cephalopelvic disproportion played a role in her death. While examining the CT images, elements of what was believed to be the fetus were identified in the mother. However, there were repetitions of elements, and a second fetus was discovered in the chest cavity of the mummy. The mother was carrying twins. For this study, re‐scanning by CT and plain film radiography of the torso were performed on the mother as well as plain film radiography on the external fetus. Additionally, records and photographs from the 1908 expedition were reviewed to gather additional information on the mummy. Results note this mummy was pregnant with twins and in the middle of the birthing process at the time of her death.
Constructing and Machine Learning Calabi‐Yau Five‐Folds
Authors: Alawadhi Rashid , Angella Daniele , Leonardo Andrea , Schettini Gherardini Tancredi
Published: December 2023

Motivated by their role in M‐theory, F‐theory, and S‐theory compactifications, all possible complete intersections Calabi‐Yau five‐folds in a product of four or less complex projective spaces are constructed, with up to four constraints. A total of 27 068 spaces are obtained, which are not related by permutations of rows and columns of the configuration matrix, and determine the Euler number for all of them. Excluding the 3909 product manifolds among those, the cohomological data for 12 433 cases are calculated, i.e., 53.7% of the non‐product spaces, obtaining 2375 different Hodge diamonds. The dataset containing all the above information is available here. The distributions of the invariants are presented, and a comparison with the lower‐dimensional analogues is discussed. Supervised machine learning is performed on the cohomological data, via classifier, and regressor (both fully connected and convolutional) neural networks. h1, 1 can be learnt very efficiently, with very high R2 score and an accuracy of 96% is found, i.e., 96% of the predictions exactly match the correct values. For , very high R2 scores are also found, but the accuracy is lower, due to the large ranges of possible values.
Functional characteristics of Dicer genes in Plutella xylostella
Authors: Huang Pengrong , Yu Huihui , Asad Muhammad , Liao Jianying , Lin Sujie , Pang Senbo , Chu Xuemei , Yang Guang
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

Dicer is an endonuclease that belongs to the RNase III family and can specifically recognize and cleave double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA). In most insects, there are two Dicer genes, Dicer‐1 (Dcr‐1) and Dicer‐2 (Dcr‐2), which are involved in the micro‐RNA and small‐interfering RNA pathways in many species, respectively. The function of Dicer in Plutella xylostella remains unknown.

RESULTS

The full‐length open reading frames of P. xylostella Dicer‐1 (PxDcr‐1) and Dicer‐2 (PxDcr‐2) were cloned and sequenced. Dcr‐1 and Dcr‐2 proteins shared similar structural domains with the Dicer‐Partner Binding Domain (Dicer‐PBD) and the double‐strand RNA binding domain (dsRBD) present only in Dcr‐1. The phylogenetic trees showed that lepidopteran Dcr‐1s or Dcr‐2s clustered in one branch, with PxDcr‐1 in the basal position and PxDcr‐2 closest to Plodia interpunctella Dicer. Two homozygous knockout lines, ΔPxDcr‐1 and ΔPxDcr‐2, were obtained by using the CRISPR–Cas9 technique. The ΔPxDcr‐1 strain exhibited a high mortality rate, a low eclosion rate, a low egg‐laying rate, a low hatching rate, and a shriveled ovariole without mature eggs. The ΔPxDcr‐2 strain showed no significant difference from the wild‐type in terms of survival, development and reproduction, but the RNA interference (RNAi) efficiency caused by dsRNA was significantly reduced.

CONCLUSION

These findings demonstrate the involvement of PxDcr‐1 in the development and reproduction of P. xylostella, specifically in the formation of ovarioles and eggs, and PxDcr‐2 is indispensable for RNAi. These findings shed light on the function of Dcr‐1 and Dcr‐2 in Lepidoptera. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Analysis of Atomic Thermal Vibration of CrN Based on Rietveld Refinement Method
Authors: Wang Ruigang , Liu Zepeng , Xianglian  , Sun Yong , Xia Wei
Published: December 2023

The crystal structure of chromium nitride (CrN) is studied by X‐Ray diffraction from 25 to 600 °C. Based on the RIETAN‐2000 program of Rietveld refinement method, the experimental results are analyzed, and the crystal structure parameters of CrN powder crystals at different temperatures are refined. Atomic thermal vibration isotropic temperature factor B is directly obtained by the Rietveld refinement method. Using the maximum entropy method analytical procedure, the 3D and planar isoheight nuclear density distribution characteristics of CrN are derived, realizing the visualization of nuclear density distribution. It can help to calculate the thermal diffuse scattering.
Simultaneous quantification of seven glycols in antifreeze liquids using direct liquid injection gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry
Authors: Danila George Madalin , Cretu Mihaiella , Puscasu Cristian
Published: December 2023

Glycol‐based antifreeze liquids, commonly composed of ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, have important uses in automotive cooling, but they should be handled with care due to their toxicity. Ethylene glycol is highly toxic to humans and animals. A fast, accurate, precise, and robust method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of seven most important glycols and their isomers.

Methods

Glycols were analyzed from diluted sample solution of coolants using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MC) in single ion monitoring mode.

Results

The method was developed and validated for seven individual glycols (ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, and tripropylene glycol). Limits of detection (1–2 μg/mL) and limits of quantification (10 μg/mL) obtained were appropriate. The present method was applied for the determination of glycols in 10 different antifreeze liquids commercially available on the Romanian market, proving to be reliable.

Conclusions

A method that requires only a two‐step dilution of antifreeze samples combined with direct liquid injection GC–MS was validated for the simultaneous quantification of seven glycols (and their isomers) in 10 different types of antifreeze liquids. The results obtained in the validation procedure proved that the GC–MS method is sensitive and precise for the quantification of glycols.
Therapeutic efficacy of the optimization of thyroid function, thrombophilia, immunity and uterine milieu (OPTIMUM) treatment strategy on pregnancy outcomes after single euploid blastocyst transfer in advanced age women with recurrent reproductive failure
Authors: Kuroda Keiji , Horikawa Takashi , Moriyama Azusa , Ojiro Yuko , Takamizawa Satoru , Watanabe Hideaki , Maruyama Tetsuo , Nojiri Shuko , Nakagawa Koji , Sugiyama Rikikazu
Published: December 2023

Purpose

To clarify the efficacy of the OPtimization of Thyroid function, Thrombophilia, IMmunity and Uterine Milieu (OPTIMUM) treatment strategy on pregnancy outcomes after euploid blastocyst transfer in advanced age women with recurrent implantation failure (RIF) and/or recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL).

Methods

Between January 2019 and May 2022, 193 consecutive women aged ≥40 years with RIF and/or RPL received single euploid blastocyst transfer. Before embryo transfer, 127 women underwent RIF/RPL testing. Chronic endometritis was treated with mainly antibiotics, aberrant high Th1/Th2 cell ratios with vitamin D and/or tacrolimus, overt/subclinical hypothyroidism with levothyroxine, and thrombophilia with low‐dose aspirin. We compared pregnancy outcomes in the women who did and did not receive the OPTIMUM treatment strategy.

Results

Women with RIF/RPL in the OPTIMUM group had significantly higher clinical pregnancy and livebirth rates than did those in the control group (clinical pregnancy rate of 71.7% and 45.5%, p < 0.001; livebirth rate of 64.6% and 39.4%, p = 0.001, respectively). However, preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy with and without OPTIMUM promoted low miscarriage rates with no significant difference between them (9.9%, and 13.3%, respectively; p = 0.73).

Conclusions

The OPTIMUM treatment strategy improved clinical pregnancy rates after single euploid blastocyst transfer; but not miscarriage rates.
New input‐to‐state stability conditions of linear systems with interval time‐varying delays and their application to power systems
Authors: Li Xu , Wang Yuhang , Zhu Zhixiang , Yu Jiajia , Du Shengli
Published: December 2023

It is commonly believed that the Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional method plays an important role in obtaining input‐to‐state stability conditions of systems with interval time‐varying delays. For a system with an interval time‐varying delay, an appropriate functional should be constructed during applying the method. Nevertheless, the delay has an interesting property that the delay in different delay intervals can have varying impacts on the system. In a way, the property is not considered adequately for the Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional method, which may give rise to conservative conditions. This article proposes a new input‐to‐state stability analysis method by taking advantage of the ignored property. When the new method is adopted, multiple functionals are constructed for the delay in the different delay intervals. This means that the multiple functionals method is more applicable in practice than the Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional method. With the help of the proposed method, new input‐to‐state stability conditions for linear delay systems are derived. A numerical example is presented to show that the obtained conditions are effective. At last, the newly derived conditions are applied to power systems with delayed load frequency control schemes.
Take steps to become a trauma‐informed campus, using Missouri Model as a map
Authors: Costa Karen
Published: December 2023

During the past few years, I’ve witnessed explosive growth in the amount of interest in trauma awareness among higher educators.
A Conductive 3D Dual‐Metal π‐d Conjugated Metal–Organic Framework Fe3(HITP)2/bpm@Co for Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Lin Lingtong , Zhang Caiyun , Yin Liwen , Sun Yuewen , Xing Danning , Liu Yuanyuan , Wang Peng , Wang Zeyan , Zheng Zhaoke , Cheng Hefeng , Dai Ying , Huang Baibiao
Published: December 2023

Although 2D π‐d conjugated metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit high in‐plane conductivity, the closely stacked layers result in low specific surface area and difficulty in mass transfer and diffusion. Hence, a conductive 3D MOF Fe3(HITP)2/bpm@Co (HITP = 2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexaiminotriphenylene) is reported through inserting bpm (4,4′‐bipyrimidine) ligands and Co2+ into the interlayers of 2D MOF Fe3(HITP)2. Compared to 2D Fe3(HITP)2 (37.23 m2 g−1), 3D Fe3(HITP)2/bpm@Co displays a huge improvement in the specific surface area (373.82 m2 g−1). Furthermore, the combined experimental and density functional theory (DFT) theoretical calculations demonstrate the metallic behavior of Fe3(HITP)2/bpm@Co, which will benefit to the electrocatalytic activity of it. Impressively, Fe3(HITP)2/bpm@Co exhibits prominent and stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance (an overpotential of 299 mV vs RHE at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 37.14 mV dec−1), which is superior to 2D Fe3(HITP)2 and comparable to commercial IrO2. DFT theoretical calculation reveals that the combined action of the Fe and Co sites in Fe3(HITP)2/bpm@Co is responsible for the enhanced electrocatalytic activity. This work provides an alternative approach to develop conductive 3D MOFs as efficient electrocatalysts.
Graphdiyne/Ag2Mo2O7 S‐Scheme Heterojunction for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production Promoted with Efficient Photogenerated Carriers Separation
Authors: Xu Jing , Li Qian , Shang Yan , Liu Zhenlu , Jin Zhiliang
Published: December 2023

Inhibiting the recombination of photoexcited hole–electron pairs is the crucial for efficient hydrogen‐producing by photocatalytic water splitting under visible light. Although Ag2Mo2O7 has excellent photoelectrochemical properties and strong morphological plasticity, its hydrogen‐producing activity is inhibited due to its low separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers and small photoresponse range. Therefore, graphdiyne (GDY) is prepared using alkynyl anions and compounded with Ag2Mo2O7 by electrostatic self‐assembly. The hydrogen‐producing capacity of the composite catalyst GDY/Ag2Mo2O7 reaches up to 8156.6 μmol g−1 h−1, what is more, the photocatalytic hydrogen‐producing capacity of Ag2Mo2O7, GDY, and GDY/Ag2Mo2O7 is investigated by in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electrochemical testing, fluorescence analysis, and density functional theory calculation. The consequences display that the composite catalyst GDY/Ag2Mo2O7 shows the best fluorescence quenching effect and the highest photocurrent response intensity. In the final analysis, the preeminent photocatalytic hydrogen‐producing performance of the composition GDY/Ag2Mo2O7 is due to the establishment of type S heterojunction, and the migration rate of photogenerated electrons is increased and the migration path is shortened. This contributes a practical tactics to effectively enhance the capacity of photocatalytic hydrogen‐producing by solving the problem of serious recombination of photogenerated carriers.
Tomography Study and Growth Control of Spiky Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Pham Thi Minh Thu , Jeong Tae Hyeon , Kim Jong Hoon , Kim Hyung Joong , Jeong Yun Jae , Jang Woo Tae , Nguyen Thi Hong Men , Moon Eunyoung , Huh Yang Hoon , Kim Young Heon
Published: December 2023

A fundamental understanding of the morphological stability and microstructural characteristics of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) is crucial for their diverse applications. In this study, spiky Au NPs are prepared by a seed‐mediated approach using citrate‐capped Au nanospheres as seeds. The morphological and microstructural characteristics of the spiky Au NPs are studied using 3D tomography transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Twin boundaries in all spikes of the Au NPs are identified by straight lines in the TEM images and specific crystallographic orientations. In addition, the analysis reveals that a careful approach is required when evaluating the morphological characteristics of spiky Au NPs using 2D images. A series of spiky Au NPs with sizes ranging from 62 to 323 nm is prepared by precisely controlling the amount of seed solution and first growth solution added during seed‐mediated growth. To elucidate the morphological and microstructural characteristics of the spiky Au NPs, a mechanism for the formation and evolution of the spikes is proposed based on the TEM results.
Performance analysis of three pilot‐scale multi‐compartment anaerobic baffled reactors treating domestic wastewater at psychrophilic temperatures in Colorado
Authors: Callahan Jennie L. , Pfluger Andrew R. , Coffey Carolyn L. , Figueroa Linda A. , Munakata‐Marr Junko
Published: December 2023

A transition from inefficient aerobic wastewater treatment methods to sustainable approaches is needed. Anaerobic bioreactors are a viable solution as they consume less energy, reduce biosolid production, and provide a source of renewable methane‐rich biogas. A barrier to widespread implementation of anaerobic technologies is the lack of design guidance, especially in colder climates. This study bridges this knowledge gap by deriving design principles from three long‐running pilot‐scale anaerobic baffled reactors (ABRs) operating under psychrophilic conditions. The ABRs removed an average of 56% and 80% chemical oxygen demand (COD) and suspended solids, respectively, with a methane yield of 0.21 L CH4/g CODrem. Methane production may be improved with increased influent sCOD concentrations and decreased sulfate concentrations. Results suggest that ABRs can treat a range of wastewater strengths accompanied by useable methane production. Despite sharing location, temperature, and HRT, the ABRs displayed distinct performances, highlighting the significance of influent wastewater characteristics.

Practitioner Points

ABRs achieved 56% and 80% removal efficiencies for COD and suspended solids.

Average biogas was 63% methane, and methane yield was 0.21 L CH4/g CODrem.

Volumetric methane production was positively correlated with the influent sCOD/sulfate ratio and negatively correlated with influent sulfate loading.
Umsetzung des Backend im Autorenn-Demonstrator
Authors: Eickhoff Thomas , Göbel Jens C.
Published: December 2023

Dieses Kapitel stellt die Entwicklung und Implementierung eines Anwendungsszenarios für das Datenbackend dar, das die im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts AKKORD entwickelten Lösungskomponenten veranschaulicht. Der Demonstrator nutzt eine Modellautorennbahn im Maßstab 1:32 als Datenquelle und greift auf die Daten mittels eines Datenzugriffsbausteins zu. Die Modellautos dienen dabei als Internet of Things-Datenquellen, die Zeitstempel für Zwischen- und Rundenzeiten sowie simulierte Tankfüllstände liefern. Diese Daten werden in einem Datenbackend gespeichert und anschließend für die Datenanalyse bereitgestellt. Der technische Aufbau des Demonstrators wird detailliert beschrieben, einschließlich der eingesetzten Protokolle und Technologien wie Bluetooth, MQTT und der Python-Bibliothek carreralib. Die Datenverwaltung erfolgt u. a. über die Software Contact Elements for IoT, und die Weitergabe der Daten an Analysebausteine wird über die SP2 IDER-Plattform ermöglicht. Der Demonstrator zeigt die praktische Umsetzung der im Projekt entwickelten Ansätze zum Aufbau einer Backend-Lösung und dient als durchgängiges Anwendungsbeispiel für den AKKORD-Referenzbaukasten. Die entwickelten Ansätze können an die individuellen Bedürfnisse und Gegebenheiten von Unternehmen angepasst werden, um Backend-Bausteine im Unternehmenskontext einzusetzen. Anhand des Demonstrators lassen sich die Konzepte einfach erklären, gleichzeitig wird eine Validierung der entwickelten Lösungsbausteine ermöglicht. Im Rahmen dieses Kapitels werden insb. die Datenanbindung, -speicherung und -weitergabe vorgestellt.
Abstraktion und Übertragbarkeit von Datenanalysen im industriellen Kontext
Authors: Syberg Marius , West Nikolai , Klapic Edin , Schwenken Jörn , Klinkenberg Ralf , Deuse Jochen
Published: December 2023

Datenanalysen müssen für die zielführende Anwendung im industriellen Kontext, insbesondere in kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen, entsprechend mehreren Anforderungen gestaltet sein. Dabei müssen sie vorrangig Wissen zu den jeweiligen Problemstellungen aus Daten generieren und gleichzeitig leicht für Anwender zugänglich sein, die aus verschiedenen Gründen nicht täglich mit und an ihnen arbeiten. Im Forschungsprojekt AKKORD wurde eine Lösung erarbeitet, mit der Datenanalyseprozesse zu zielgerichteten Modulen abstrahiert werden können. Das eröffnet die Möglichkeit Analysen auch in anderen Anwendungsfällen, beispielsweise in anderen Werken oder in anderen Abteilungen wiederverwenden zu können. Die im Forschungsvorhaben entwickelte Plattform wird als AI-Toolbox bezeichnet und in diesem Kapitel ausführlich vorgestellt. Mithilfe der AI-Toolbox können entwickelte Datenanalysen zum einen vorbereitet und bereitgestellt und zum anderen ausgewählt und ausgeführt werden. Das folgende Kapitel betrachtet dabei sowohl die vorherrschenden Anforderungen als auch die methodische Idee der Abstraktion und Übertragbarkeit von Datenanalysen im industriellen Kontext. Die Arbeiten führen die theoretischen Überlegungen zur Prozesskette der industriellen Datenanalyse fort und umfassen mit der Datenanalyse und -verwendung entsprechend den zweiten und dritten Schritt dieser Kette. Darüber hinaus wird die entwickelte Plattform AI-Toolbox als Schlüsseltechnologie für das Nutzen und Teilen der Module im Detail vorgestellt.
Emetic risk classification and evaluation of the emetogenicity of antineoplastic agents—updated MASCC/ESMO consensus recommendation
Authors: Jordan Karin , Chan Alexandre , Gralla Richard J. , Jahn Franziska , Rapoport Bernardo , Ruhlmann Christina H. , Sayegh Paula , Hesketh Paul J.
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Our goal was to identify new anticancer agents approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medical Agency (EMA) since the 2016 MASCC/ESMO antiemetic update and classify their emetic potential.

Methods

The MASCC/ESMO Expert Panel classified the emetogenicity of the identified new antineoplastic agents based on nonsystematic reviews of randomized controlled trials, analysis of product labeling, and evaluation of emetic classification in other international guidelines and informal consensus. The emetogenic classification system for oral anticancer agents was revised into two emetic risk categories (minimal–low; moderate–high) to be consistent with the system reported by ASCO (American Society of Clinical Oncology) in their 2017 guideline update. The previously employed four emetic risk classification categories for intravenously administered antineoplastic agents were retained for this update.

Results

From June 2015 to January 2023, 107 new antineoplastic agents (44 intravenously administered and 63 orally administered agents) were identified. The reported incidence of vomiting varied significantly across studies for many agents, especially for oral anticancer agents.

Conclusion

The MASCC/ESMO Expert Panel acknowledges the limitations of our efforts to classify the emetic potential of anticancer agents, especially the imprecision associated with oral agents. However, we have attempted to provide a reasonable approximation of the emetic risk associated with new antineoplastic agents by searching the available literature and reviewing other available international antiemetic guidelines.
Evolution, current status, and future trends of maxillary skeletal expansion: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Feng Zhiyuan , Si Minmin , Fan Hao , Zhang Yin , Yuan Rui , Hao Zhaonan
Published: December 2023

Objectives

The study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis on maxillary skeletal expansion to elucidate the evolution and current status and predict future research hotspots and trends.

Material and methods

A search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection at the University of Hong Kong’s electronic library using the query “(TS = maxillary expansion) AND (TS = skeletal expansion).” The resulting literature data were imported into CiteSpace 6.2.R4 and VOS viewer software to analyze authorship, countries, institutions, keywords, etc.

Results

A total of 923 articles were analyzed. The research in this field has shown a steady growth, with a significant increase since 2019. The USA and Italy have played prominent roles in contributing to the publication volume and strengthening collaborative exchanges. Clustering labels provide directions for in-depth analysis of the literature.

Conclusions

(1) MARPE (miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion) and SARME (surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion) have gained widespread attention and become research hotspots due to their applicability in adults whose growth and development have ceased, while still producing favorable skeletal effects.

(2) In addition to widening the maxillary arch, maxillary expansion techniques have shown significant effects on increasing nasal cavity width and volume. However, there is still controversy regarding whether they can effectively improve the deviated nasal septum.

(3) Maxillary skeletal expansion techniques have been shown to increase upper airway volume and improve breathing, making them potentially valuable in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Clinical relevance

This study can provide cutting-edge clinical recommendations for healthcare professionals to better formulate clinical strategies.
Who gets the treat: Interspecific interactions between red squirrels and corvids in an urban park
Authors: Beliniak Agata , Krauze-Gryz Dagny
Published: December 2023

Squirrels and some corvids have successfully adapted to urban conditions. Their populations are often more abundant in city parks than in rural areas. These species may compete, especially in terms of food resources. We studied interactions between corvids (hooded crows and rooks) and red squirrels inhabiting urban park, mostly in relation to supplementary food utilisation in Poland. The study included the following: (a) feeding trials, when squirrels were offered hazelnuts and all stealing attempts by other animals were noted; (b) direct observations of groups of animals (at least one squirrel and one corvid species) with all behaviours being recorded. During the feeding trial, and with constant corvid presence, corvids tried to steal almost every third nut cached by squirrels. Regardless of the season, the share of nuts that corvids tried to steal was similar. When the feeding trial proceeded, more squirrels joined in order to obtain food. On the contrary, the presence of corvids seemed to refrain other corvids from joining the trial. The presence of a bird/squirrel audience did not result in more deceptive caches. During direct observations, squirrels interacted mostly with corvids, and less often with people or other squirrels. The most frequent interaction of squirrels with other animals was flight and chasing away; for corvids, it was chasing and following or attempting to steal food. Overall, we showed that corvids can be food competitors and kleptoparasites for red squirrels. Red squirrels, with whom people often have affinity relationships, benefited from direct supplementary feeding. Corvids, in turn, learnt to follow red squirrels to steal human-delivered nuts.
Possible remediation of impact-loading debris avalanches via fine long rooted grass: an experimental and material point method (MPM) analysis
Authors: Cuomo Sabatino , Di Perna Angela , Moscariello Mariagiovanna , Martinelli Mario
Published: December 2023

Debris avalanches often originate along steep unsaturated slopes and have catastrophic consequences. However, their forecast and mitigation still pose relevant scientific challenges. This is also due to the variety of mechanisms observed near high sub-vertical bedrock outcrops, such as the impact loading of soil failed upslope the outcrop, the build-up of pore water pressures in the inception zone, and the bed entrainment along the landslide propagation path. At the University of Salerno, an experimental and numerical investigation campaign started some years ago to explore the feasibility of using long-root grass to mitigate or even inhibit the inception of debris avalanches. Previous laboratory results were achieved through two twin 2-m-long columns (one bare, one vegetated), where the change in soil retention curve and soil mechanical response was assessed. As follow-up, an experimental field setup was installed in 2020 first, and in an improved configuration in 2021. Here, three different species of long-root grass were grown. In situ soil suction and water content measurements were periodically collected in the vegetated and in the original soils. In both cases, soil specimens were also collected, and laboratory geotechnical tests were performed to individuate the changes in both the water retention and strength response. Increased values of soil suction and shear strength were outlined, despite some differences, for all the grown species compared to the original soil. Using these novel experimental data, advanced large-deformation stress–strain hydro-mechanically coupled analyses were recently performed through a material point method (MPM) approach. The original slope conditions were compared to various slope configurations engineered via long-root grass. The benefits and the open issues related to this novel green technology for landslide mitigation are discussed. Some insights are outlined for the possible reduction of the soil volumes mobilized inside the inception zone of debris avalanches.
Characteristic Mode Analysis Based Highly Flexible Antenna For Millimeter Wave Wireless Applications
Authors: Shariff B. G. Parveez , Pathan Sameena , Mane Pallavi R. , Ali Tanweer
Published: December 2023

The millimeter wave spectrum fulfills the demand for higher data rates with low latency. Moreover, futuristic wearable gadgets demand flexible antennas operating at these frequencies, such that they can easily be accommodated. Therefore, the article focuses on designing a compact and highly flexible antenna with the aid of characteristic mode analysis (CMA). A thin polyimide substrate of 0.1 mm thickness is used to maintain flexibility. The overall antenna profile is $$0.61{\lambda }_{0} \times 0.61{\lambda }_{0}$$

0.61

λ
0

×
0.61

λ
0

. The design evolves through four stages, where, in each stage, the solution to the surface current through eigenvalue leads to significant modes. The final stage design generated Mode 2 fundamental mode at 30.5 GHz along with contributing Modes 3 and 5 with a bandwidth range of 28-31.5 GHz. Further, the design is simulated using electromagnetic simulation software, and the prototype is fabricated. The simulated and measured reflection coefficient |S11| > 10 dB in 28.72-32 GHz and 28.9-31.75 GHz. The CMA analyzed, simulated, and measured gain is 4.82 and 5.6 dBi, respectively. The proposed antenna has a stable response for conformal orientations along the x and y-axis. The antenna has resulted in bidirectional radiation in the XZ plane with simulated and measured half-power-beam-width (HPBW) of 58° and 54°. In the YZ plane, it resulted in omnidirectional radiation. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement. The article also performs the link budget analysis. It suggested that the antenna can communicate 100 Mbps of data to a distance of 100 m and 1 Gbps of data up to 70 m. Thus, the proposed antenna structure is suitable for wearable, IoT, and other 5G wireless applications.
The unipotent mixing conjecture
Authors: Blomer Valentin , Michel Philippe
Published: December 2023

We show that shifted pairs of discrete or continuous low-lying horocycles equidistribute in the product space of two modular curves.
Norm tori of étale algebras and unramified Brauer groups
Authors: Bayer-Fluckiger Eva , Lee Ting-Yu
Published: December 2023

Let k be a field, and let L be an étale k-algebra of finite rank. If $$a \in {k^ \times }$$
a
∈

k
×

, let Xa be the affine variety defined by $${N_{L/k}}(x) = a$$

N

L
/
k

(
x
)
=
a
. Assuming that L has at least one factor that is a cyclic field extension of k, we give a combinatorial description of the unramified Brauer group of Xa.
Local to global principles for homomorphisms of abelian schemes
Authors: Gajda Wojciech , Petersen Sebastian
Published: December 2023

Let A and B be abelian varieties defined over the function field k(S) of a smooth algebraic variety S/k. We establish criteria, in terms of restriction maps to subvarieties of S, for existence of various important classes of k(S)-homomorphisms from A to B, e.g., for existence of k(S)-isogenies. Our main tools consist of Hilbertianity methods, Tate conjecture as proven by Tate, Zarhin and Faltings, and of the minuscule weights conjecture of Zarhin in the case when the base field is finite.