bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patch size does not always indicate bird species diversity: case in peri-urban tropical habitat in Riau, Indonesia
Authors: Alghifari M K , Mardiastuti A , Mulyani Y A
Published: December 2021

Larger patches generally are inhabited by higher species richness, including birds, as predicted by the island biogeography theory. The objective of this research was to reveal the response of bird species richness in different patch sizes in peri-urban habitat. The study site area was five patches (2 large patches near human activities, remote large patch with a small lake, small patch, corridor patch) of disturbed secondary shrub-forest in Riau University, Sumatra. Birds were observed using the standard point-counts in early morning and late afternoon (8 points/patch, 3 replicates, total 40 observation-hour) in March-April 2021. Species richness (S), Shannon-Wiener diversity indices (H’), Chao species prediction, and Bray-Curtis similarity indices (B) were calculated. Total of 979 individual birds were observed, consisted of 68 species from 28 families with B ranged from 0.573 to 0.846. Large patch with lake in remote area had the highest species richness (S:39 species, Chao:54) and H’ (3.097). However, two large patches closed to human activities had the lowest number of species (S:27, Chao:30, H’:2.908, and S:23, Chao:32, H’:2.938, respectively), even lower than small patch (S:30, Chao:40, H’:2.925) or corridor patch (S:34; Chao:51, H’:2.724). Clearly human disturbance and micro-habitat diversity affect species richness in a local scale.
Reassessment on the monophyly of the fruit-piercing moth, Eudocima bilberg, 1820 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) using molecular data
Authors: Dharmayanthi A B , Arida E , Darmawan  , Wiyati S Y , Haryoko T , Zein M S A , Sutrisno H
Published: December 2021

Eudocima Billberg, 1820 is a group of moths known for their fruit-piercing behaviour. Members of this group are easily distinguished for their bright colour, hind wing patterns, and the robustness of their body. However, the monophyly of this genus is still in dispute. Based on morphological characters, a current study on 48 species of this genus showed that Eudocima is not a monophyletic group. We conducted a preliminary analysis of 25 species of Eudocima based on 632-bp sequences of cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI) to reassess the monophyly of this genus. Using Maximum Parsimony (MP) method, we ran a number of data sets to reconstruct the most appropriate phylogenetic tree. The result showed that Eudocima is a monophyletic group based on a nucleotide weighting of transversion: transitions = 2:1, despite the very low Jackknife support. This result should not be taken as a final conclusion because only about 60% of Eudocima species were included in our analysis. An upcoming study involving all members of this genus is necessary in order to reassess the putative monophyly of this genus.
Distribution and characteristics of the Makassar tarsius Tarsius fuscus fischer, 1804 sleeping nest in the tropical primary and secondary forests of South Sulawesi
Authors: Andriyani A A , Nugraha R , Marliana S N
Published: December 2021

Tarsius fuscus, whose distribution is limited to the southern part of South Sulawesi, Indonesia, is threatened by poaching and habitat loss, with the latter leading to the disappearance of its sleeping nest locations, despite the species’ wide range of habitat requirements. This study aimed to identify the distribution and characteristics of T. fuscus sleeping nests. Research took place in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park primary and secondary forest areas and Hasanuddin University Educational Forest. Sleeping nest locations were identified through vocalizations in the morning (4.30–6.00 am) and direct visual observations. Sleeping nest distribution maps were created using QGIS 3.16. Sleeping nests were found in karst rock shelters, Ficus trees, forest pandanus, and fallen tree debris, at elevations of 68–947 mdpl, 4–42° slopes, temperatures ranging 23.3–29.1°C, and distances to roads and settlements of 21.4–460.3 m and 325.9–1888.5 m, respectively. Tarsius fuscus tended to nest in primary forest rather than secondary forest, although this may also be caused by the larger proportion of primary forest. Protecting both primary and secondary forest is crucial, but particular focus should be given to the latter, owing to its susceptibility to human disturbance.
Characteristics of apiculture and meliponiculture in Banten Province, Indonesia: profile of beekeepers, bee and pollen diversity
Authors: Hanifa H S , Sartiami D , Priawandiputra W , Buchori D
Published: December 2021

There have been reports of global bees declining in the past years. However, the information on bees declining in Indonesia is lacking. Apiculture and meliponiculture have been practiced in Indonesia for centuries. This study aimed to obtain data of beekeepers and the recent beekeeping situation, including stingless bee species and their plant resources in Banten Province. Interviews were carried out on beekeepers in Pandeglang and Lebak Regencies. Bees from interviewed beekeepers were collected and identified. Pollens attached to the bees were also identified at the family level. Apiculture and meliponiculture in Banten were entirely practiced by men in their productive ages (<5-year experience). Beekeepers placed the beehive around the house to keep an efficient observation and ensure the sufficiency of nutrition for the bees. Based on information collected from the beekeepers, pests and climate were to have affected the population of bees and production of honey. Bee that favored the most by beekeepers was Tetragonula laeviceps. Based on the pollen identification, Arecaceae, Poaceae, and Fabaceae were the most visited plant families by all bee species. Managed bees shared similar nutrition (nectar and pollen) resources. In addition, the beekeeping in Banten tends to increase in recent 5 years.
Inorganic and organic phosphate solubilization potential of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Authors: Suliasih  , Widawati S
Published: December 2021

Most soils contain Phosphorus (P) in insoluble compounds as organic and inorganic forms which is unavailable to plants. Furthermore, phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) play an important role in converting insoluble P to a bioavailable form through solubilizing and mineralizing inorganic or organic P. Therefore, this study aims to determine the ability of isolate a phosphate solubilizing bacterium (PSB), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia to solubilize inorganic and organic P. The bacterium was isolated from peat soil of West Kalimantan using Pikovskaya medium added with Ca3 (PO4)2 as the P source. The activity of organic P (acid phosphatase and phytase) was measured using p-nitrophenyl phosphate disodium (pNPP 0.115 M) and sodium phytate as the substrate of bacterial broth culture. Also, the optimization for inorganic and organic P solubilization by the bacterium was conducted. The maximum values of inorganic and organic phosphate solubilization was recorded to be 52.26 μg/mL and 44.51 U/mL (acid phosphatase), 0.13 U/mL (phytase) respectively. Optimum conditions found were temperature at 30 °C, pH 6.0 and in the presence of sucrose and beef extract, which serve as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Therefore, it can probably be used as a biological fertilizer for plants.
Field evaluation of the combination of larvicide and rice stem immersion to improve lethal ovitrap effectiveness in dengue vector control
Authors: Pujiyanti A , Mujiyanto M , Setiyaningsih R , Kinansi R R , Susanti L , Mulyono A , Garjito T A , Trapsilowati W
Published: December 2021

The combination of temephos and attractants fromO.sativawas effective for lethal ovitrap in laboratory testing. However, the effectiveness of the field application needs further investigation. The study’s objective was to determine the influence of ovitrap installation sites, season variation, and attractant on lethal ovitrap efficacy. The study used a quasi-experimental design. Lethal ovitraps were installed indoors and outdoors in 102 houses and observed for 14 weeks. Statistical analysis was conducted with univariate analysis, independent t-test, and Mann-Whitney Test. The statistical analysis results showed no significant difference in positive ovitraps between LOA and LONA on indoor and outdoor applications. The number of positive ovitraps and trapped eggs was not affected by the attractant applied to the LO during indoor and outdoor observations. Lethal ovitrap can be used as a vector control instrument without the addition of attractants. The application of lethal ovitrap is more effective in the dry season when the mosquito population is lower than in the rainy season
Bioactivities of Lamiaceae, Myristicaceae, and Myrtaceae plant oils against Nilaparvata lugens Stâl. (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)
Authors: Mardiningsih T L , Rohimatun
Published: December 2021

Essential oil (EO) plants have properties as botanical insecticides. Some of them come from the families of Lamiaceae, Myristicaceae, and Myrtaceae. A plant belonging to the Lamiaceae includes patchouli (Pogostemon cablin), while the Myristicaceae includes nutmeg(Myristica fragrans), and the Myrtaceae includes clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and cajuput (Melaleuca cajuputsubsp.cajuputi). This research aimed to evaluate toxicity, feeding inhibition, and oviposition deterrent from four EO plants from the Lamiaceae, Myristicaceae, and Myrtaceae to brown rice planthopperNilaparvata lugens(Hemiptera: Delphacidae), the main pest of rice. The results showed that cajuput and patchouli oil gave more potent toxicity toN. lugenswith LC50 and LC95 were 0.016% and 4.87% for cajuput oil and 0.019% and 5.25% for patchouli oil. Cajuput oil at 0.002% deterred oviposition 51.74% and inhibited feeding on 0.016% as many as 71.52% with strong enough criteria to the fourth instar nymphs ofN. lugens. Patchouli oil deterred oviposition from 0.002% as much as 61.15% and inhibited feeding on 0.019% as many as 68.73% with strong enough criteria. The highest oviposition deterrent was 83.2% on patchouli oil at the concentration of 0.188%, whereas the highest feeding inhibition was 82.78% on cajuput oil at the concentration of 0.169%.
Motivation, purpose, and purchasing frequency of honey consumption in West Java
Authors: Purnomo D , Bunyamin A , Gunawan W , Faizah N A , Danuwidjaja T G , Rohman L N , Annisa R
Published: December 2021

Indonesia is home to the greatest diversity of social bees in all over Asia, particularly species of the genus Apis. Thus, expanding the apiculture industry for commercial development is highly considerable. Although this industry has not become a special concern, the products of this industry are very popular among the Indonesian people, both for health, lifestyle, and other benefits. Research plays an essential role for good decision making, however, there is little research related to honey marketing in Indonesia. In this study, we observed the honey consumption of 246 respondents living in West Java by using online questionnaires and Decision Tree Classification to contribute to honey marketing research. This research shows that the motivation of the respondents in buying honey was merely for health reasons and the main purpose was for personal consumption. As for purchasing frequency, 86% of respondents purchased honey more than once a month. Then, a classification model of honey purchasing frequency based on respondents’ demographics which has an accuracy of 70.3% was built. The study results should be considered by the food industry and honey producers to emphasize consumer behaviour to formulate a better marketing strategy.
Genetic construction of HBsAg gene subgenotype B3 in Lactococcus lactis as hepatitis B vaccine candidate
Authors: Mustopa A Z , Putri H H , Kusdianawati  , Budiarto B R , Kusumawati A , Nurfatwa M , Ekawati N , Prastyowati A , Triratna L , Hertati A , Umami RN
Published: December 2021

Hepatitis B is an inflammatory liver disease caused by HBV (Hepatitis B Virus). Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) induces immune system forming antibodies. HBV subgenotype B3 is common in Asian Countries. Thus, the development of HBsAg subgenotype B3 vaccine was done because its prevalence is high in Indonesia (especially in Javanese) and other Asian countries. The research methods were preparation of the HBsAg gene subgenotype B3, cloning and transformation the HBsAg gene in Escherichia coli MC1061, and transformation in Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis). HBsAg gene subgenotype B3 was obtained from the pIDT-HBsAg subgenotype B3 plasmid. The HBsAg gene subgenotype B3 successfully cloned and transformed into E. coli MC1061 and L. lactis. The PCR results of the transformant E. coli MC1061 (pNZ8148-HBsAg subgenotype B3) colonies were found in colonies 8, 17, and 20 indicated by the presence of 1226 bps bands. 8 colonies were obtained from PCR results of L. lactis transformants (pNZ8148-HBsAg subgenotype B3). The construction of the HBsAg subgenotype B3 gene has 100% similarity compare to the hepatitis B virus isolated from Java on 1839. Therefore, the construction of pNZ8148-HBsAg subgenotype B3 using host cells L. lactis can be used as a vaccine candidate.
In vitro plant growth promoter assay of actinobacteria potential for tidal land farming
Authors: Alfiyah D , Ghulamahdi M , Lestari Y
Published: December 2021

The use of tidal land for agricultural still faces constraints, mainly due to high iron content. Actinobacteria produce bioactive compound with many functions. The aim of this work was to assess the growth of actinobacteria at various iron concentrations and its capability as plant growth promoter. Four actinobacteria isolates (Cal31t, Dbi28t, Crc32t and Cal24h) were grown at various iron concentrations. The isolates were examined for their capability to produce IAA and fix N2 under in vitro assay. The growth of actinobacteria under stress conditions was examined by cultivating them in ISP2 medium at pH 4, 3% NaCl, 750 mg.L−1 AlCl3 and 8 concentrations of FeCl3, i.e. 0, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000, 16000, 32000 mg.L−1. Actinobacteria isolates were able to grow under iron stress condition up to 32.000 mg.L−1. Both Cal3t and Dbi28t produced higher cell biomass compared with the other two tested isolates. All isolates produced IAA when grown under iron stress condition up to 4000 mg.L−1 of FeCl3, were able to grow under N-free medium and capable to produce ammonia at various concentrations. Crc32t produced the highest number of ammonia (0,354 mg.L−1). Cal31t and Crc32t isolates have the potency as plant growth promoter in tidal land farming.
Genetic diversity of multiple human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) clades in West Papua
Authors: Widiyanti M , Adiningsih S , Kridaningsih T N
Published: December 2021

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) genetic variability is classified into types, groups, and subtypes. HIV is divided into 2 types, HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 was divided into groups M (Main), N (New), and O (Outlier). Group M was divided into 9 subtypes and 48 Circulating Recombinant Form (CRF). Understanding HIV-1 subtype distribution and epidemiology can assist preventive measures and clinical decisions. Sequence variation may affect drug resistance, disease progression, and transmission route. This study aimed to determine human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) subtypes which circulate in West Papua based on gene fragments encoding the glycoprotein-41 (gp41) of the HIV envelope. The descriptive-analytic method was attended at the VCT clinic in West Papua. Samples of blood plasma from patients with HIV were amplified using RT-PCR and nested PCR. Genetic variability was analyzed using DNA sequencing. The HIV-1 subtype was determined for 35 samples which 15 were from female patients and 20 were from male patients. 3 subtypes were detected: Circulating Recombinant Form AE (CRF01_AE, n=21), B (n=12), and 52_01B (n=2). Subtypes AE predominated in HIV-1 acquired heterosexually 100 % and clinical stage level III. Subtypes AE strains of group M viruses predominated in West Papua in HIV transmitted by heterosexual contact.
Nephroprotective and antioxidant effects of ethanol extract of Coprinus comatus mushroom fruit-bodies on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat models
Authors: Ratnaningtyas N I , Hernayanti  , Ekowati N , Husen F
Published: December 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease with an increasing prevalence. An increase in free radicals and AGEs can cause glomerular cell damage which can lead to inflammation and DM nephropathy. WHO has recommended DM treatment by using herbal medicines that have minimal side effects and have a lot of biological activity to prevent complications.Coprinus comatus(O.F. Mull.) is known as immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic agent. The research usedC. comatuscultivated in Cianjur. The basidiome of this mushroom has slightly oval and small with height of 8-12 cm and thickness of 2-3 cm. The research included six groups of male Wistar rats: Group 1 received no treatment, Groups 2–6 were administered 45 mg/kg BW streptozotocin once, Group 3 was administered 45 mg/kg BW metformin, Groups 4, 5, and 6 were administered 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg BW ofC. comatusfruit body ethanol extract respectively for 14 days. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), hepcidin and β2 microglobulin (B2M) levels were evaluated. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple-range tests. The results showed that dose of 500 mg was effective in increasing SOD and decreasing hepcidin, B2M and MDA levels.
Computational antigenic epitope prediction of clinical Indonesian Dengue virus NS1 protein
Authors: Pambudi S , Irawan D , Danny A , Widayanti T , Tarwadi
Published: December 2021

The identification of human Non-Structural-1 (NS1) protein epitopes will help us better understand Dengue virus (DENV) immunopathogenesis. In this study, several online and offline bioinformatic prediction tools were exploited to predict and analyze T-cell and B-cell epitopes of DENV NS1 consensus sequences originated from Indonesian clinical isolates. We identified a potential peptide at NS1155--163(VEDYGFGIF) which interact with MHC-I allele HLA-B*40:01 and showed high binding affinity (IC50) scores ranging between 63.8 nM to 183.9 nM for all Indonesian DENV serotypes. Furthermore, we have succeeded identified a region at the C-terminal of Indonesian DENV NS1 protein between 325--344 as part of discontinuous antigenic epitope which conserved for all serotypes. Our analyses showed this region could induce strong and persistent antibody against all DENV serotypes by interacting with MHC-I molecule and also recognized by B-cell receptor. The identification of DENV NS1 T-cell and B-cell epitopes may help in the development of a new vaccine, drug discovery, and diagnostic system to help eradicate dengue infection.
Expression comparison between two genes encoding CSF3 recombinant proteins having different codon composition at N-terminal in Escherichia coli
Authors: Dewi K S , Wahyuni F D , Salsabila S , Aminah  , Yanthi N D , Fuad A M
Published: December 2021

Colony-stimulating factor 3 (CSF3) is a glycoprotein with many therapeutic applications. In the Escherichia coli expression system, mRNA folding and stability near the translation initiation region (TIR) are known to influence protein expression significantly. We have successfully constructed the recombinant plasmid carrying genes encoding CSF3.1 and CSF3.2, which have different synonymous codon usage at N-terminal. In this study, we compared both expressions of CSF3.1 and CSF3.2 recombinant proteins in E. coli host. Recombinant plasmid pJ414-CSF3.1 and pJ414-CSF3.2 were transformed individually into E. coli NiCo21(DE3) competent cells by a heat-shock method, then spread on solid Lysogeny Broth (LB) medium containing ampicillin. Eight transformant colonies were selected and then expressed in 2xYT medium with the addition of IPTG inducer. Expression analysis was carried out using 15% SDS-PAGE gel. No significantly different band was observed in CSF3.1 protein expression compared to the negative control. In contrast, CSF3.2 protein can be expressed with a good amount at its expected size of 18 kDa. This result was strengthened by bioinformatics analysis which demonstrated the more open TIR of CSF3.2 than that of CSF3.1 Our study highlighted that AU-rich mRNA at the N-terminal is essential for efficient recognition of the ribosome binding site.
GO potato aeroponic seed production in Indonesia, producers’ perception toward the benefits and challenges
Authors: Sembiring A , Murtiningsih R , Sahat J P , Hartanto S
Published: December 2021

The high-quality potato seed availability in Indonesia always to be attempted continuously by Indonesian governments to encourage national potato production optimization. One of the efforts is through aeroponic potato seed production. The G0 (zero generation seed) aeroponic potato produces a better yield and healthier tuber compare to G0 conventional potato production. IVegRI has undertaken studies related to G0 potato aeroponic. The results have been disseminated and some of them have been adopted by the potato producers in various regions in Indonesia. The study aimed to investigate the potato aeroponic seed production in Indonesia based on the producers’ perception of the benefits and challenges. The study was conducted from April to December 2017, in 8 districts from 6 provinces, engaging 18 G0 aeroponic potato producers. Data were analyzed descriptively. The resulting study showed that G0 aeroponic producers perceived the production of G0 aeroponic potato as more profitable compared to G0 conventional. The advantages covered: the production was higher, the yield tuber was healthier and sterile, and also it could be produced anytime. Meanwhile, challenges faced were: initially investment cost was quite expensive, electricity installation frequently was unstable and, the challenge concocted a suitable potato aeroponic nutrition.
Nitrogen (N2) fixation activity under different oxygen concentration of methanotrophic bacteria isolated from rice fields and their molecular identification
Authors: Rusmana I , Akhdiya A , Sagala B T
Published: December 2021

Rice fields are a significantly sources of atmospheric methane. Methanotrophic bacteria are unique in their ability to utilize methane as a sole carbon source and their ability to fix N2. This research successfully characterized N2 fixation activity under different oxygen concentrations of methanotrophic bacteria isolated from rice fields. From 19 tested isolates, four isolates performed activity to fix N2. They could fix N2 on different concentration of air saturation (10 % up to 100%). The growth of methanotrophs is not directly corelated with the N2 fixation activity, and their N2 fixation activities are affected by O2 concentrations. The BGM 3 and BGM 9 isolates had very good N2 fixation activity. Their activities were increased by increasing air saturation up to 50% (approximately 10% O2), but then decrease by increasing air saturation from 50% (approximately 10% O2) to 100% (approximately 20% O2). However, the highest N2 fixation activity was performed by the BGM 9 isolate at 30% air saturation (approximately 6% O2), and the isolate was identified as Methylococcus capsulatus. This information can support application of the isolates to achieve sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural system.
EUROPEAN ITS PLATFORM: RETHINKING ITS
Authors: Giamarelos Orestis , Reiff Tobias
Published: December 2021

The expectations placed on the existing European transport infrastructure are increasing due to the growing mobility needs of the population on the one hand and the rising volume of freight traffic on the other. The aim of the European ITS Platform is to increase the efficiency of the TEN-T core network through a better use of the existing infrastructure by implementing Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). It fosters interoperability and the development of uniform technical standards by monitoring and disseminating the results delivered by the five CEF ITS Road Corridor Projects.

One major outcome is the drafting of the “Reference Handbook for harmonized ITS Core Service Deployment in Europe”. This digital freely available handbook comprises a series of guidance and advice for use by road authorities and operators to support them in the development of their strategic approach, design development, deployment, installation and operation of ITS and remain compliant with European legislation. Its key features include: Deployment Guidance for 14 different ITS Services, including DATEX reference profiles, Guidance on the provision and use of traffic information provided under the European Directive (2010/40/EU), C-ITS developments, Knowledge gained from the collection of 100 Best Practices etc.
Construction Of Express Roads In Latvian State Main Road Network
Authors: Bērziņa Dace
Published: December 2021

Latvian State Road Development Strategy for 2020 – 2040 was approved in the year 2020. It is a vision that includes long-term perspectives, strategic goals, tasks and priorities for road network development, and it is created for more efficient planning of state road network development, as well as, attracting additional funding for state owned roads.

The aim of the Strategy 2040 is to create an efficient road network ensuring that the bypass of the Riga City is accessible within two hours from every national and regional development centre in Latvia. Development centres would be accessible within 45 minutes from every Latvian urban settlement along state regional and local roads.

The strategic task is to create sections of express roads in the total length of 1000 kilometres thus improving traffic safety and reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases.

When creating the Strategy 2040 both the changes in traffic and road use and the changes in the location of population were studied. The Strategy foresees that high-speed express road sections would connect the Riga City with the biggest cities. The proposed plan of road network development is created with the aim to cover as large a population as possible.

Special attention is paid to the Riga City, as it serves as the central hub for Latvian and Baltic transportation. After the implementation of the Strategy 2040, the Riga City would be reached within 30 minutes from the nearest development centres.
Advantages Of Filler And Surfactant Additive To Improve Moisture Sensitivity Of Hot Mix Asphalt Mixtures.
Authors: Alamrew Asres Simeneh , Mollenhauer Konrad
Published: December 2021

This research investigated the effect of mineral composition of aggregate on moisture sensitivity of bituminous mixtures and explored the benefits of hydrated lime filler and Wetfix BE surfactant additive to improve the resistance of the mix against moisture sensitivity. Basalt, quartzite, and limestone aggregates were selected based on their different mineralogy and 70 -100 penetration graded bitumen binders used during the study. Four laboratory tests the rolling bottle, shaking abrasion, pull-off tensile strength and indirect tensile strength tests were applied to study the effects of aggregate minerals and benefits of hydrated lime and Wetfix BE. Statistical analysis using Two-way ANOVA test conducted for each test to check the outcome significance. Results from each test revealed that mineral composition of aggregate have significant effects on the moisture resistance performance of bituminous mixtures and hydrated lime filler and Wetfix BE surfactant additives have advantages to improve the performance of bituminous mixture against moisture sensitivity and improves the long-term performance of asphalt mix.
Research Of Asphalt Concrete Frost Resistance According To Fatigue Resistance And Stiffness Criteria
Authors: Paulovskis Nauris
Published: December 2021

The formation of snow cover has been unsustainable in recent decades, which means that freezing and thawing are becoming more frequent in Latvia and that is one of the reasons why asphalt concrete frost resistance matters. Asphalt concrete beams were exposed to multiple freeze-thaw cycles and afterwards tested on a 4-point bending test for stiffness and fatigue resistance. Frost resistance testing for aggregates and concrete is a popular and widely described and used test method worldwide, but there is no such testing standard for asphalt concrete. This study is aimed to develop a methodology for determining the frost resistance of asphalt concrete by adapting the requirements of cement concrete standart AASHTO C666, as well as to experimentally evaluate the effect of frost resistance on the fatigue strenght and stiffness of asphalt concrete. The results show significant correlation between asphalt concrete void content and fatigue life after multiple freeze-thaw cycles and correlation between the amount of freeze-thaw cycles and asphalt concrete fatigue life.
Viaduct Over The Lorupe Ravine
Authors: Dziedātāja Indra
Published: December 2021

On the 20th July 2018, it was the 50th anniversary of the day when the Lorupe viaduct was opened. Its idea, design and construction were a significant turning point in bridge construction in the whole Soviet Union. In the comparatively small Republic of Latvia it was a unique project that required a lot of boldness and skills of road workers. Therefore, construction of this bridge is memorable, especially since several bridges were built using this technology later in the former Soviet Union. Latvian road workers with their courage, creative and meticulous work implemented a European scale project in difficult, constrained circumstances.
Identification And Analysis Of Potential Risk Factors Influencing The Road Safety Level At Designated Pedestrian Crossings
Authors: Pauer Gábor , Krizsik Nóra , Szigeti Szilárd , Hamza Zsolt
Published: December 2021

According to the data of the European Road Safety Observatory, around 21% of all road fatalities are suffered by pedestrians in the EU. In 2019 in Hungary, road accidents of pedestrians have had a share of 14,6% in all road accidents with personal injuries, which meant 2535 accidents in which one or more pedestrians were injured. A significant proportion of the accidents occurred at designated pedestrian crossings (43,1% of pedestrian accidents in 2019), and this trend increased over the last 5 years. To account the problem, Institute for Transport Sciences Non-profit Ltd. conducted a research focusing on the identification of potential risk factors which may have a negative impact on the level of traffic safety of designated pedestrian crossings in urban areas. Analysis and ranking of the risk factors have been carried out based on experts’ evaluation and scoring, with the use of statistical methods. The results of the work explore the risks that need to be addressed with special attention during the review of existing, and the establishment of new pedestrian crossings.
The Development Of Brigthness Evaluation Method For Digital Billboards
Authors: Krumina Gunta , Volberga Liva , Ikaunieks Gatis , Naumovs Lauris
Published: December 2021

LED-based billboards are becoming increasingly popular due to their low cost, flexibility, and efficiency. On another side, the too-bright digital billboard may pose a potential threat to road safety. The driver’s perception of advertising depends on the different factors, including the billboard’s luminance value. The aim of the study was to develop the assessment method for the digital screen parameters (luminance or illumination) which could be applied by supervising authorities, using budget-friendly devices, such as a lux meter and could be used during the billboard active operation. We tested the recommended method of OAAA and concluded that it is not applied for large billboards (over 25 square-meter) due to the calculated far distance and low sensitivity of lux meter. We have developed the new method based on driver discomfort glare and De Boer ratio. The ratio helps to determine how likely a display is to cause discomfort to those around it. The lower the value, the less discomfort the driver will experience from the billboard. The new method is applied for the active and different size billboard and using lux meter that is not an expensive device. Moreover, we take into account the glare effect of billboard on drivers’ vision.
Use Of BIM In SLLC “Latvian State Roads” For Process Managment
Authors: Krūmiņš Zigmārs , Smirnovs Juris , Āmare Valentina , Auziņš Roberts
Published: December 2021

BIM is an integrated set of building design, construction and management processes, technologies and regulations that allow all parties involved to jointly design, build and manage a building in a digital environment.

In Europe, a common approach to the use and adaptation of technologies is currently being developed with the aim of providing a common regulatory framework that would promote the efficiency of technology application between the countries of the European Union. The use of BIM technologies is based on economic (financial) benefits. The financial benefits are estimated in the long run, and the main factors for financial savings are productivity and quality, which can be achieved by applying BIM technology and appropriate processes during the construction cycle (design, construction and management). Studies show that savings can reach up to 10% of construction costs.

Currently underway is the process of implementing and configuring the Microsoft Dynamics platform for processing and using work information of SJSC "Latvian State Roads" (LSR). Microsoft Dynamics is a line of enterprise resource planning and customer relationship management software.

In general, LSR intends to use the system in the following stages of the construction cycle:

• Design stage

• Construction procurement stage

• Construction stage

• Warranty period

Microsoft Dynamic has both pros and cons for processing LSR information. Only after full implementation it will be possible to assess the effectiveness of this platform.

Objective of the article is to explore how the use of BIM can improve the LSR work process and what happening at this moment in LSR.
Impact of Racial Categorization on Effect Estimates: An HIV Stigma Analysis
Authors: Facente Shelley N , Lam-Hine Tracy , Bhatta Dharma N , Hecht Jennifer
Published: December 2021

Suboptimal racial categorization potentially introduces bias in epidemiologic analysis and interpretation, making it difficult to appropriately measure factors leading to racial health disparities. As part of an analysis focused on predictors of experiencing human immunodeficiency status (HIV)-related stigma among men who have sex with men living with HIV in San Francisco, we struggled with the most appropriate ways to categorize people who reported more than 1 racial identity, and we aimed to explore the implications of different methodological choices in this analysis. We fitted 3 different multivariable linear regression models, each utilizing a different approach to racial categorization: the “multiracial,” “othering,” and “hypodescent” models. We estimated an adjusted risk difference in mean score for reported frequency of experiencing HIV-related stigma on a 4-point scale, adjusting for age, race, gender identity, injection history, housing, mental health concerns, and viral load. Use of a hypodescent model for racial categorization led to a shift in the point estimate through the null for Blacks/African Americans, and it improved precision for that group. However, it obscured the association of increased stigma and race for multiracial people, compared with monoracial counterparts. We conclude that methodological decisions related to racial categorization of participants can dramatically affect race-related study findings in predictor regression models.
O-L06 The use of tumour marker Ca19.9 in the follow up of patients with resected biliary tract cancer: Results from the BILCAP randomised clinical trial
Authors: Morrison-Jones Victoria , Gao Fangfei , Fletcher Peter , Valle Juan , James Garden O , Cunningham David , Bridgewater John , Primrose John ,   BILCAP Study Group
Published: December 2021

Background

Even after resection biliary tract cancer has a poor outlook. Follow-up is commonly utalises and the sialyl-Lewis tetra saccharide antigen Ca19.9, a known tumour marker in pancreatic and biliary malignancy (upper limit of normal (ULN) 37U/ml). However, the evidence base for the utility of Ca19.9 is limited. The UK BILCAP trial examined the use of adjuvant capecitabine chemotherapy in resected biliary tract cancer and establishing a new global standard of care. Ca19.9 was regularly measured as part of the BILCAP protocol, this provides an opportunity to assess the use of this marker in a large trial with complete patient follow-up.

Methods

Between March 2006 and December 2014 447 patients underwent resectional surgery (R0 or R1) then were randomised to receive capecitabine chemotherapy or observation. CT imaging and Ca19.9 were performed 3 monthly in year 1, 6 monthly in year 2, and annually thereafter up to 5 years. Follow up was continued until all patients had 5 years follow-up. Recurrence was based mainly on imaging criteria combined with the clinical presentation. The cohort was divided into progression and non- progression groups and the Ca19. 9 values recorded were investigated using descriptive analyses with cut-off of 37 (ULN), 100 and 400U/ml.

Results

Of 447 study patients 440 had at least one Ca19.9 measurement from either post-operative baseline (394) or a follow-up visit (422). Baseline Ca19-9 was elevated above 37U/ml in 96 patients and 82 (85%) went on to develop recurrence. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) of the Ca19.9 on follow up are shown in the table.

Conclusions

Although high Ca19.9 levels predict recurrence as shown by acceptable positive predictive values at cut-offs of 100 and 400U/ml the negative predictive values are very poor as most patients develop recurrence without elevation of Ca19.9. Ca19.9 measurement is of very limited value in the follow up of patients with resected biliary cancer.
O-P03 A composite polymeric nanoparticle as a sensitiser for sonodynamic therapy (SDT)-based treatment of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Farrell Sian , Nesbitt Heather , Mairs Laura , Nomikou Nikolitsa , Callan Bridgeen , Callan John F. , McHale Anthony P.
Published: December 2021

Background

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most recalcitrant forms of cancer with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. SDT is a novel, targeted approach to the treatment of solid tumours. Based on the generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) following the exposure of a sonosensitiser to ultrasound, the approach is designed to extracorporeally target less accessible lesions. Here we describe the production of a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), polyethyleneimine (PEI), Rose Bengal (RB) and indocyanine green (ICG) containing composite nanoparticles and describe their use in SDT-mediated treatment of pancreatic cancer using both in vitro and in vivo target models.

Methods

Nanoparticles were prepared using an oil in water emulsion and solvent diffusion-based approach. These were designated RB-ICGNP. In vitro SDT treatment consisted of exposing BxPC3 (human PDAC cells), T110029 (murine PDAC cells) or hPSC (immortalised human pancreatic stellate cells) to RB-ICGNP and subsequently treating with ultrasound for 30 s at a frequency of 1 MHz, a power density of 3.0 W/cm2 (SATP) using a duty cycle of 50% at a pulse repetition frequency of 100 Hz. For in vivo studies, BxPC3 (xenograft) and T110029 (syngeneic) tumours were treated with a power density of 3.5 W/cm2 ultrasound for 3.5 min.

Results

Conclusions

Using in vitro and in vivo (human xenograft and murine syngeneic) models of pancreatic cancer, RB-ICGNP composite nanoparticles may be employed as a sensitiser for SDT-based treatment of pancreatic cancer. Since pancreatic stellate cells were more sensitive to SDT, the latter may have an impact on tumour stroma. Staining of residual tumour tissues from SDT-treated animals for connective tissue (stroma) confirmed the latter. Since tumour stroma presents a significant challenge to treatment of pancreatic cancer and represents a negative prognostic marker, the impact delivered by SDT may be exploited to potentiate alternative therapeutic approaches.
A novel polypeptide vaccine and adjuvant formulation of EV71
Authors: Liu Zhiang , Yang Yunfan , Meng ChenChen , Fan Meihua , Guo Jing , Li Jie , Jing Zepeng , Wang Pingping , Li Ruipeng , Feng Zhiwei , Ren Feng , Wang Mingyong , Zhao Tiesuo
Published: December 2021

Hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is an infectious disease mainly caused by Enterovirus 71 (EV 71). However, the effective treatment is limited currently. The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of the vaccine including the EV71 polypeptides mixed with a novel adjuvant containing CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs). After collecting mouse sera, we determined the antibody concentration in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Then, CD19+CD27+ B cells in the spleen were analysed by flow cytometry. The assay revealed that a substantial increase in antibody titers was achieved. This indicates a high level of immunogenicity for peptide vaccine and the good stability of adjuvant, also suggests that the combination of vaccine and adjuvant can stimulate the production of high-level antibodies and CD19+CD27+ B lymphocytes in mice. Furthermore, the antibody could effectively identify EV71 inactivated virus. The results demonstrated that the autonomous construction of EV71 polypeptide vaccine had a good immunogenicity. Moreover, the peptide vaccine injection with a novel adjuvant, which is easy to prepare, could cause a high antibody level of EV71 and shown a good application prospect.
Crystal structure of endocrine-disrupting chemical bisphenol A and estrogen-related receptor γ
Authors: Matsushima Ayami , Teramoto Takamasa , Kakuta Yoshimitsu
Published: December 2021

The human estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) is an orphan nuclear receptor. The ERRγ behaves as a constitutive activator of transcription and plays a key role in controlling mitochondrial energy production and energy metabolism. Bisphenol A (BPA) is used mainly in producing polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, but it is known as an endocrine disruptor and strongly binds to ERRγ. We determined the crystal structure of ERRγ in complex with BPA. Our structure revealed the molecular mechanism of BPA recognition by ERRγ, in which BPA is well anchored to its ligand-binding pocket. Our structure is the first report of the complex between a nuclear receptor and endocrine disruptor BPA. This structural analysis had a profound impact on subsequent studies of endocrine disruptors.
Ileocecal intussusception as the initial presentation of endometriosis: case report
Authors: Pinsak Agustin E , Pantoja Pachajoa Diana A , Palacios Huatuco René M , Viscido Germán R , Mandojana Facundo I , Doniquian Alejandro M
Published: December 2021

Cecal endometriosis is a rare entity that can present as nonspecific acute abdominal pain and can be complicated by ileocolic intussusception, which is extremely infrequent. We present the case of a 33-year-old woman with no relevant pathological antecedents who consulted for abdominal pain for 5 days, associated with rebound tenderness and abdominal guarding on the right lower quadrant and a palpable mass during the physical examination. Computed tomography was realized and emergency surgery performed due to suspected ileocolic intussusception. The laparoscopic examination identified an ileocolic intussusception associated with a tumor. Conversion to open surgery was needed, and an oncological right hemicolectomy with ileotransverse anastomosis was carried out. Histopathological study reported ileocolic intussusception and a focus of cecal endometriosis. Currently, the patient does not have recurrences. Ileocolic intussusception secondary to deep endometriosis requires great diagnostic presumption in women of childbearing age with acute abdomen diagnosis.
3coSoKu and its declarative modeling
Authors: Rizzo Nicola , Dovier Agostino
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we analyze the physical puzzle IcoSoKu, a game about placing some given triangular tiles on the faces of an icosahedron in order to fill the capacities of its vertices, and we propose its generalization called 3coSoKu, admitting an arbitrary playing field with triangular faces, arbitrary capacities and an arbitrary set of triangular tiles. First, we prove the strong NP-completeness of 3coSoKu, even when the playing field is a convex polyhedron with equilateral triangles as faces. Second, we encode 3coSoKu both in the constraint modeling language MiniZinc and in the logic programming paradigm known as Answer Set Programming and we develop a visual tool for an accessible interface to the solver. Finally, we use our encodings to verify experimentally that every initial state for IcoSoKu admits a solution.
Underuse and Variability in Substance Use Screening Among Adult Trauma Patients in the U.S.
Authors: Alser Osaid , Perez Numa P. , Gebran Anthony , Maurer Lydia R. , Ortega Gezzer , Velmahos George C. , Kaafarani Haytham M.A. , Masiakos Peter T.
Published: December 2021

Objective:

To characterize the rates and variability in substance screening among adult trauma patients in the U.S.

Summary Background Data:

Emergency Department trauma visits provide a unique opportunity to identify patients with substance use disorders. Despite the existence of screening guidelines, underscreening and variability in screening practices remain.

Methods:

Retrospective cohort study including adult trauma patients (18– 64–year–old) from the ACS-TQIP 2017–18 database. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to adjust for demographics, clinical, and facility factors, and marginal probabilities were calculated using these multivariable models. The primary outcomes were substance screening and positivity, which were defined relative to the observation-weighted grand mean (mean).

Results:

2,048,176 patients were contained in the TQIP dataset, 809,878 (39.5%) were screened for alcohol (20.8% positive), and 617,129 (30.1%) were screened for drugs (37.3% positive). After all exclusion criteria were applied, 765,897 patients were included in the analysis, 394,391 (52.9%) were screened for alcohol (22.1% tested positive), and 279,531 (36.5%) were screened for drugs (44.3% tested positive). Among the patients included in our study, significant variability in screening rates existed with respect to demo–graphic, trauma mechanism, injury severity, and facility factors. Furthermore, in several cases, patient subpopulations who were less likely to be screened were in fact more likely to screen positive or vice versa.

Conclusions:

Effective substance-screening guidelines should be predicated on achieving universal screening. Current lapses in screening, along with the observed variability, likely affect different patient populations in disparate manners and lead to both under-detection as well as waste of valuable resources.