bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated Water Resources Conservation Management for a Sustainable Food Security
Authors: Asdak Chay , Munawir Munawir
Published: March 2018

Many of Indonesia’s watersheds are reaching a critical stage. As a result of higher rates of erosion and sedimentation, the number of critical watersheds in Indonesia has increased from 22 in 1984 to 58 in 2000 and in 2014 this number has reached 108. This result in food security is being threatened because there is insufficient water available for agriculture purposes due to catchment degradation, especially in the upper parts of the watersheds. At the same time, Indonesia’s new government focused its national development programs on food security for the next five years. For these reasons Indonesia’s National Development Planning Agency believes that it is timely to develop a national policy on Integrated Water Conservation Management (IWCM). To provide the rationale and suggested content for such a national policy, this paper has been prepared based onfocused group discussions with relevant interests at the national and regional levels. To obtain specific input from regional stakeholders, workshops were held in Medan, Yogyakarta, Banjarmasin, Nusa Tenggara Barat and Makassar as well as line agencies based in the state capital of Jakarta from October 2014 to March 2015. At the landscape level, the formulation of national policy on IWCM was based on integrated watershed management analysis as water resources within a specific watershed are integrated into other resources within an ecosystem. This action research recommends the following: a) integrating the IWCM into the regular regional development activities, b) encouraging local agreements on water resource conservation including local adat communities, c) formulating attractive economic incentives in implementing IWCM programs, d) using corporate social responsibility and payment for environment services funding to boost water resource conservation program at village level, and e) involving actively women in the IWCM programs. Considering that socio-cultural aspects are also playing an important role in the IWCM, a national-level of institutional arrangement on IWCM will also be proposed. Keywords: IWCM; food security; green and blue water; watershed; institutional arrangement; Indonesia
Toxicity of Barringtonia asiatica L. (KURZ.), Melia azedarach L. and Annona muricata L. Seed Extract Mixture Against Larvae Crocidolomia pavonana F. (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae)
Authors: Retnasari Eka , Puspasari Lindung Tri , Meliansyah Rika , Maharani Rani , Hidayat Yusup , Dono Danar
Published: March 2018

Crocidolomia   pavonana   is   the main   pest of Brassicaceae family. Barringtonia asiatica, Melia azedarach and Annona muricata are plants that have a potency for insect pest control.  Their insecticidal activities include poisoning, antifeeding and inhibiting the growth of larvae. This study aimed to determine insecticidal activities of seed extracts of B. asiatica, M. azedarach and A. muricata and their mixtures against C. pavonana F.. Experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Pesticide and Application Techniques, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran from August to November 2014. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized desain (CRD) with 13 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were the seed extract of B. asiatica, M. azedarach, A. muricata and their mixtures (1:1) at the concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5% and a control treatment. The results showed that the mixture of B. asiatica and A.  muricata extract  was effective to control C. pavonana larvae. At the concentration of 0.1%, it caused 100% larval mortality at 3 days after application. It had also antifeedant activity. It seems there is a synergistic effects between B. asiatica and A. muricata extract. Therefore, seed extracts of B. asiatica, M. azedarach, A. muricata and their mixtures have a potency to control C. pavonana larvae. Keywords: Annona  muricata,  Barringtonia  asiatica,  Melia azedarach,  Crocidolomia  pavonana, extract mixture, mortality.
Possible New Species of Araecerus (Coleoptera: Anthribidae) Associated with Mastixiodendron pachyclados (Garo garo), Rubiaceae
Authors: Dono Danar , Hidayat Yusup , Iamba Kari
Published: March 2018

Araecerus is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Anthribidae. They are very important economic pests of coffee, cocoa and other agricultural crops. The species that commonly attack coffee (Rubiaceae) beans is Araecerus fasciculatus (Degeer) commonly known as coffee bean weevil. However, five (5) undescribed species of genus Araecerus were reared predominantly from the seeds of Mastixiodendron pachyclados (Rubiceae) commonly known as Garo garo and it is a native tree of Papua New Guinea. Fruits of M. pachyclados were regularly sampled and insects attacking them were reared, preserved and identified. Fruits were hand collected, photographed, weighed and reared. Insects emerging from the fruits were captured and preserved in 99% ethanol. All the specimens were identified into morphospecies at the laboratory. The five new species of genus Araecerus (Anthribidae) were designated as Araecerus sp.1, Araecerus sp.2, Araecerus sp.3, Araecerus sp.4 and Araecerus sp.5 according to their differences in body length; scutellum color, size, hair-scales and visibility; length of first and second segments of fore tarsus; apical and subapical teeth-size (mandible and maxillary palpi); declivity of dorsal abdomen; basal-anterior eye markings; lateral eye markings; absence of eye markings; and shape of pygidium. Araecerus sp.1 was described as having yellowish gold marking inside the base of eye, Araecerus sp.2 with pygidium almost vertically-flat at abdominal apex, Araecerus sp.3 have eyes without yellowish gold marking and generally dark in colour, Araecerus sp.4 with distinct yellowish gold interior-lateral marking in its eye, and Araecerus sp.5 with pygidium pointed at abdominal apex. Proper identification of these five species is beneficial for effective application of control measures. Since they are major pests of cash crops such as coffee and cocoa, identification of their species and quantification of their abundance will foster economic returns and crop protection aspects as their abundance is closely related to crop damage. Keywords: Araecerus; scutellum; declivity; pygidium.
Resistance Potential to Powdery Mildew (Microsphaera diffusa Cooke and Peck) of Several Yellow and Black Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) Genotypes
Authors: Yulia Endah , Widiantini Fitri , Karuniawan Agung , Comoc Rudolf
Published: March 2018

Powdery mildew caused by Microsphaera diffusa has recently received more attention because of yield losses caused by the disease and has even been reported as a limiting factor on soybean production in a certain soybean plantation areas. The aim of the research was to examine resistance potential of several yellow and black soybean genotypes in order to develop powdery mildew-resistant soybean varieties. The experiment was conducted in rainy season of 2013 at the Ciparanje Experimental Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, West Java, using a Randomized Block Design with 61 soybean genotypes as treatments that replicated two times. Each genotype was planted in plot (5 m long) consisted of 25 plants from which 6 plants per plot were sampled randomly. The disease intensity and soybean yield were assessed. The result showed that 15 genotypes were not infected by the disease, namely UP-104, UP-106, UP-108, UP-111, UP-112, UP-113, UP-114, UP-125, UP-127, UP-130, UP-136, UP-137, Argomulyo, Arjasari and Mintani, whereas other 46 genotypes were infected with the highest disease intensity of around 40%. Genotypes showing resistance potential are considered as a potential source of resistance genes that valuable in the disease-resistant soybean breeding. Keywords: Soybean; resistance; powdery mildew; Microsphaera diffusa
Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) Marker Screening Related to Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato F1 Genotype Resistance against Scab (Sphaceloma batatas Saw.)
Authors: Rista Nurfitriani , Widiantini Fitri , Roosdab Anna Aina , Yulia Endah , Karuniawanb Agung
Published: March 2018

Orange fleshed sweet potato contains high beta carotene as vitamin A precursor. However, its production is limited by the presence of scab disease caused by Sphaceloma batatas Saw. The disease is able to cause yield loss up to 60%. Best controlling method is using resistant varieties. However, the development of resistant varieties are involving long procedures which is time consuming. The long procedure of resistance varieties selection can be shorted cut using molecular markers such as SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats). Specific SSR markers for sweet potato resistance against scab has not been found. This study aimed to screen SSR molecular markers which were related to resistance to scab. The study used 5 resistant genotypes, 5 susceptible genotypes, and 6 SSR primers. PCR analysis showed that those SSR primers were polymorphic. Furthermore, the biplot analysis result demonstrated that several markers allele were related to plant resistance against scab. This finding indicated that these particular SSR markers can be used in sweet potato breeding program as marker assisted selection to develop resistant variety against scab disease. Keywords: Sphaceloma batatas; orange fleshed sweet potato; SSR markers.
Biocontrol Potential of Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Healthy Rice Plant against Rice Blast Disease (Pyricularia oryzae Cav.)
Authors: Widiantini Fitri , Herdiansyah Andri , Yulia Endah
Published: March 2018

Isolation was attempted to collect endophytic bacteria as potential biocontrol agents against rice blast disease (Pyricularia oryzae Cav.). The disease is one of major threats in rice production as it can cause 100% yield loss. Concern on the environment and human health has led to the searching of alternative controlling method to replace the commonly used pesticide-based method. Endophytic bacteria are bacteria that have intimate relationship with their host without inducing any pathogenic symptom. The use of endophytic microbial as biocontrol agent has its own advantages as the microbes are more easily to adapt to the environment needed by the host plant. We evaluated endophytic bacteria isolated from healthy rice plants and tested for their potential biocontrol activity using dual culture assay. Ten isolates were found to inhibit the growth of P. oryzae of more than 50%. Microscopic observation showed that they were able to cause the mycelia malformation of P. oryzae. Further work is currently in progress to determine their effectiveness in the pot trial. Keywords: Endophytic bacteria; Pyricularia oryzae; biocontrol.
The Abilities of Endophytic and Biofertilizing Bacteria and Their Combinations to Suppress Bacterial Wilt Disease (Ralstonia solanacearum) of Chili
Authors: Istifadaha Noor , Ningtyasb Dewi Nurma Yanti , Suryatmana Pujawati , Fitriatin Betty Natalie
Published: March 2018

Bacterial wilt disease (Ralstonia solanacearum) is one of the most important diseases in Solanaceae, including chili. Biological control is one of environmentally-friendly method for controlling plant diseases. Microbes that are potential as biological control agents include bacterial endophytes and bacteria that are usually used as biofertilizer. This paper discusses the result of the study that examined the abilities of endophytic and biofertilizing bacteria solely or in combination to suppress bacterial wilt disease (R. solanacearum). The endophytic bacteria isolates tested were Lysinibacillus sp. and Bacillus subtilis, while biofertilizing bacteria used were N-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter chrococcum) and P-solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas cepacea). The results showed that the endophytic bacteria, biofertilizing bacteria and their combination inhibited wilt disease incidence in chili by 46.7-80 %. The highest disease suppression (80 %) showed by the endophytic bacteria, B. subtilis. This endophyte was also able to promote a significant chili growth. Keywords: Ralstonia solanacearum, Endophytic bacteria, Biofertilizer, Biological control, Chili.
Vegetable Commodity Supply Chain Integration Between Productivity of Transportation, the Farm Share and Margin of Measurement for Profits at North Sulawesi
Authors: Simatupang David Oscar
Published: March 2018

The objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the supply chain in Gapoktan (farmers group) organization, characteristics and transportation productivity and the margin measurement for profit and farmer share agents on the level of supply chain from  sub-district Modoinding (the production central area for vegetables) South Minahasa, into city regions Manado through traditional and modern markets. The method that is used in this study is descriptive analysis for qualitative and quantitative data by dividing three kinds of vegetables namely potato, cabbage and tomato. The research areas were selected through purposive sampling, namely sub-district Modoinding and the city of Manado. The research results show that the integration of supply chain, in this case an effective partnership, occurs at the farm gate itself in a Gapoktan organization. The result also shows that Track 1 is the most efficient but Tract 2 is the most effective with the ratio of productivity for 42%, the highest margin and profit are found in large middlemen, and tomato has the highest R/C and farmer share in small merchants and traders also an intermediary. Keywords: Integrated supply chain, productivity of transportation, profit margin and farmer share
Learning Process of Dairy Farmer in Achieving Dairy Farming’ Succeed (Case Study in KPBS Pangalengan and KSU Tandangsari West Java)
Authors: Nurlina Lilis , Yunasaf Unang , Sulistyati Marina , Alim Syahirul
Published: March 2018

Research on the learning process of dairy farmers in achieving decent  scale of livestock farming has been carried out in South Bandung Dairy Farmer Cooperative (Koperasi Peternak Bandung Selatan/KPBS) Pangalengan and Multi Purpose Cooperative (Koperasi Serba Usaha/KSU) Tandangsari. The purposes of this study were to: (1) analyze the learning process of dairy farmer in order to achieve business success; and (2) analyze the success indicators in dairy farming business according to farmer’s perception. This research used case study with descriptive qualitative approach with 32 dairy farmers as informants. Data were analyzed descriptively by several stages namely reduction, categorization of data and conclusions. The results showed: dairy farmers who achieve success in their business is the farmer who has made the process of learning the truth, those who have been able to do active business in changing the behaviour of himself to be able to apply aspects of breeding, feeding and management as they should so that the dairy cattle business that manages has provided benefits and feasibility. The learning process through which the dairy farmers is the result of  interaction or influence the motivation to learn instrisic owned by farmers, with reinforcement from outside through training, mentoring and enrichment of others, thus becoming sedentary behaviour or patterned to respond appropriately to problems or the challenges faced in achieving business success. Indicators of successful dairy farming according to farmers were having : productive cow more than 7 cows, decent housing (permanent buildings), four-wheel vehicles, more land for grass planting  and able to finance their children to study in university. Keywords: Learning process, dairy cow farming’success, dairy farmers.
Preferences and Willingness to Pay for Local and Imported Citrus
Authors: Sinaga Aldon MHP. , A. Ery Yusnita , S. Ana Arifatus
Published: March 2018

Indonesia horticultural product has experienced major implication from global free trade. Quantity of imported fruits was increased rapidly during the last ten years under implication of free trade. In spite implies market positively by boosting consumption and market growth, imports also implies increasing competition between imported and local fruit. Increase of imports has significantly affect production by decreasing number of certain scale of farm whose growth local product. It is important measuring whether the market and costumer response due the competition between locally grown and imported fruits.  The study intended to (1) examined the difference of demands between local citrus and imported one. (2) measured demographic factors that influence costumer choice to buy local or imported citrus,  and (3) examined product attributes that influence consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for local and imported citrus. The study was conducted in Malang district, East Java, Indonesia.  Respondents were determined by purposive quota sampling method. WTP data was collected refer to modified “Vickrey Auction” principles. Binary Logit Regression and Ordinary Least Square analysis have been employed respectively to measure demographic factor that influenced costumer decision and examine the product attributes related to costumer WTP.   The study has revealed that there were a different demand curve pattern and different own price elasticity between locally grown and imported citrus.  Higher Income, higher number of dependant and younger costumer has driven higher probability on consuming imported citrus. This research also shown that color, safety, healthy and packaging significantly affect costumer willingness to pay for imported citrus, while taste and safety was significant for local citrus. The findings indicated that in certain market, consumer would pay higher price to afford imported citrus, which placed locally grown citrus in the high competition. Higher incomes will increase imported citrus consumption. Meanwhile, color and packaging are factors that must be considered by citrus local grower to win the competition. Keywords: import; demand; locally grown; competition; willingness to pay; citrus.
Competitiveness and the Factors Affecting Export of the Indonesia Canned Pineapple in the World and the Destination Countries
Authors: Wiranthi Puspi Eko , Mubarok Faizul
Published: March 2018

Indonesia has a comparative advantage as the largest pineapple exporter in the world. Most of the pineapples are exported in the form of canned pineapples. This study examines the competitiveness of Indonesian exports of canned pineapple in the world and in the destination countries by using the method of Revealed Competitive Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamics (EPD), Intra-Industry Trade (IIT), and a panel data regression analysis approach through E-views 6 for the period 2004 until 2013. RCA analysis results indicate that the Indonesian canned pineapple has a comparative advantage in the world as well as in the export destination countries. EPD analysis results indicate that the Indonesian canned pineapple has a highly competitive advantage by positioning a rising star in the world and in the seven export destination countries, including the United States, Spain, Italy, Canada, Denmark, Austria, and China. IIT analysis results indicate that Indonesia has a one-way trade flows and a lower degree of integration towards export destination countries. Finally, the results of panel data analysis indicate that Factors that affect the export volume of Indonesia canned pineapple in the destination countries are Indonesia canned pineapple export prices to the export destination countries, real GDP and the population of destination countries Keywords: Competitiveness, RCA, EPD, IIT, Panel Regression
The Ability of Mangosteen Farmer to Finance Mangosteen Farm in Subang District Area
Authors: Suminartikaa Eti
Published: March 2018

The market share of mangosteen in the domestic and in the word is still large, but Indonesian export of mangosteen is less than 10 % of their production because of low quality.  In the reality many mangosteen farmer used low input of production in their farm such as fertilizer. The purpose of this study is to analyze the ability of mangosteen farmer to finance mangosteen farm. The study used secondary and primary data from the mangosteen farmer in Subang district by using survey method. The data was analyzed by mathematic analysis.  The result shows that mangosteen farmers have low ability to finance the mangosteen farm.  Keywords: mangosteen, family income, family expenditure, the ability of farmer.
Food Self-Sufficiency Through Land Area Expansion (CGE Analysis in Indonesia)
Authors: Anindita Ratya , Pudjiastuti Agnes Quartina , Baladina Nur
Published: March 2018

This study aimed to analyze the impact of land area expansion policy of paddy and corn crops towards food self-sufficiency in Indonesia. Analyses were performed by using CGE models based on the SAM data and Input Output Table of Indonesia in 2008. The result showed that the increase of land area of paddy and corn by 4-10%, the paddy production will rise 36,21-87,93%, while the corn production is relatively constant even going down to 0,55%. If the land of paddy and corn increased by 4-10%, it will decrease the export of almost all sectors in Indonesia, except the food and beverage industry whose increased 52-118,12%, as well as fertilizer and pesticide industries whose are relatively constant. On the other hand, the land area expansion of paddy and corn 4-10% will not affect the import of this commodity. Thus, it can be concluded that the land area expansion of paddy and corn crops have a positive impact on food self-sufficiency (rice and corn) in Indonesia. Keywords: land area expansion; paddy and corn crops; food self-sufficiency; CGE models
The Role of Tea Farmer Group in Tea Smallholder Downstream Supply Chain Cooperatives in West Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Sita Kralawi , Hariadi Sunarru Samsi , Subejo Subejo
Published: March 2018

West Java Province is the center of the largest tea producer in Indonesia, includes its tea smallholders. The existence of tea farmer groups as main actor on tea agribusiness plays important and strategic role in realizing sustainability business unit for tea smallholder downstream supply chain. This study aims to: (1) describes the role of tea farmer groups on tea smallholder downstream supply chain; 2) describes the development of tea smallholder downstream supply chain cooperatives. The main method of this study used a descriptive qualitative approach. Data was collected by in depth interview and focus group discussion (FGD). Data sources were analyzed by used analysis triangulation. The results shown that a few active tea farmer groups in West Java, can successful run the role of group as a business unit in downstream supply chain that has changed its member’s behavior in tea selling activity, improved the member’s income, improved the value added of tea smallholder product, improved the transfer of simple processing technology of tea production, encouraged the local tea product creation, improved tea promotion with government support, and built network in market. In develop sustainability tea supply chain cooperatives, tea farmer groups together joint in tea farmer group association (Gapoktan) to built own factory and village unit cooperative (Koperasi), built network and make a partnerships with government, private plantation, tea factories, and stores. The challenges of tea farmers groups in downstream supply chain are capital, tea prices, and policy that pro tea smallholder. So, sustainable assistance and extension to tea farmer groups important needed. Keywords: role, tea farmer group, downstream, supply chain, cooperative
Incorporating Risk to Technical Efficiency Measurement in Organic Farming: Study in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Shinta Agustina , Maulidah Silvana , Prastanti Gita
Published: March 2018

Farmer's risk aversion determines the decision to farming, especially in organic farming. In Indonesia, organic farming still has not shown encouraging progress, whereas movement "Go Organic" has been initiated by the government since 1980 after the green revolution program was stopped. Organic agriculture has the potential failure obstacles in the process of production and farming. International policy, human resources, government supporting, land, water, local seeds, marketing, climate, can be sources of risk in organic paddy farming in developing countries. The farmer’s risk aversion become crucial issues that influencing the production resulting from using a combination of inputs. Purposes of this study are a) analyzing sources of risk in organic farming, b) measuring the risk behavior of farmers and c) analyzing the effect of the risk behavior of farmers to production. The location of this research is purposive with consideration that the location is an organic rice production centres in Malang. The method to determine the respondents is census method. The method used a) quantitative descriptive, b) quadratic utility functions of the Bernoulli principle with technical-NM and c) Stochastic Frontier production function. The study found that the dominant source of the risk faced by organic paddy farmer is local rice seedlings are susceptible to pests and diseases, the behavior of most farmers are risk neutral and there is a positive and significant influence between behavior risk with productivity, causing the efficiency to be 93.31%. It is hoped with this study can be used as a reference for the government in the development of organic farming in the framework of "Healthy Indonesia". Keywords: paddy organic, risk aversion, efficiency, sources of risk
Impact of Production Efficiency and Appropriate Technology to Smallholder Dairy Farm’s Revenue
Authors: Tawaf Rochadi , Russanti Fitrya
Published: March 2018

The research aims to know the influence of appropriate technology toward smallholder dairy farm business revenue and to the technical efficiency of production factors. This research was conducted in Subang district to the members of dairy cooperatives smallholder dairy farmers from the 1stApril to the 30th June 2015. The survey was used to collect the data from 30 respondents, chosen by simple random sampling. The Cobb Douglass analysis was used to determine the appropriate technology as production factors influenced dairy farm revenue. The result showed that the application of appropriate technology feed, cow-shed, breeding and innovation, were significantly affected to the farm revenue (R2=0.823). For production factors, the positive effect of the revenue is show by feed and cow-shed, but the breeding and innovation are not giving effect. The technical efficiency showed that feed had achieved efficiently, drawn from the analysis of return to scale of 1.941. This value shows that the small holder dairy farm is on an increasing return to scale condition which is suitable to develop.  Keywords: Dairy Farmer, appropriate technology, revenue and farm business
Price Volatility Analysis in Indonesian Beef Market
Authors: Dewia Intani , Nurmalina Rita , Adhi Andriyono Kilat , Brümmer Bernhard
Published: March 2018

The Indonesian beef price movement increasing erratically and tends to be volatile in recent years. Based on the price monitoring in several production centers, there are beef price fluctuations in the consumer level across time and between provinces. This study tries to present the relationship between the beef price volatility and Indonesia’s efforts to ensure food security through self-sufficiency in beef. We consider a series of consumer daily beef price from January 2006 to December 2013, with total T=2086 observations to understand beef price volatility in Indonesia, and to analyze the impact of beef self-sufficiency program to the beef price volatility in Indonesia. Data was obtained from Ministry of Trade, Government of Indonesia and it was collected through market survey from three different markets in 33 capital provinces in Indonesia. The methodology follows GARCH model to measure the beef price volatility. The GARCH (1.1) model gives information that beef price movements are influenced by the volatility from the previous period and yesterday’s variance. The volatility of beef price was driven more by its own variance rather than external shocks.  GARCH (1.1) model shows that the beef price volatility will tend to be smaller and persistence in the future. Parameter of the third dummy variable in the variance equation to capture the change policy is statistically significant. It indicates that the beef self-sufficiency program may lower the beef price volatility. Keywords: beef price, garch model, price volatility, self sufficiency
Proximate, Crude Fiber and Starch Content of Maize Hybrids Developed in Indonesia in Natural Climatic Condition
Authors: Suryadi Edy , Ruswandi D. , Marta H. , Musfiroh I.
Published: March 2018

Corn is one of strategic commodities becoming the main priorities to be developed in Indonesia. Aside from being a strategic foodstuffs, corn contains starch which is used for an excipient in pharmaceutical raw materials of "filler" or filler material for tablets. However, until now local starch production cannot meet the needs of the pharmaceutical industry in Indonesia, and still relies on imported starch. The purpose of this research was to develop maize hybrids from Universitas Padjadjaran which has high of starch and meet the quality for an excipient of pharmaceutical preparations. This research was conducted to determine a formation of a single cross hybrid based on the diallel crosses. Evaluation of fused power was determined by proximate analysis and starch analysis. The selection of hybrid high yield power was done in monocropping and agroforestry systems. The results retrieved 28 types of hybrid corn that comes from 7 different types of strains of mutant reproduction results. The lowest moisture content was the corn M7DR 7.4.1 (9.45%), whereas the highest moisture content of corn was DR. 8 (16.03%). Low starch content was obtained from maize hybrid code 4.8.8 while the highest was obtained from maize hybrid code 18.5.1 ranging from 30-40%. Therefore, corn hybrid 18.5.1 has a potential to be developed as an excipient of  various raw materials in the field of pharmacy. Keywords: corn, a hybrid, starch, excipient pharmacy
Paddy Drying in Batch Fluidized Bed and Scale-up Simulation in Continuous Operation Mode
Authors: Suherman Suherman , Djaeni Mohammad , Wardhani Dyah Hesti , Kumoro Andri Cahyo
Published: March 2018

The objective of this research is to develop the industrial-scale fluid bed dryer for paddy by scale-up of lab-scale experimental data. The developed dryer was conducted by simulation using a two phase model. Firstly, the experimental works by using lab-scale batch fluid bed dryer, was conducted to determine the drying curve of paddy (Xin 0.32 kg/kg dry base). In the experimental works,the inlet air temperature was varied (°C): 40; 50; 60. The drying rate curves as a function of moisture content showed only decreasing drying rate period. Then, a very good agreement between the measured and simualtion results of the profile of moisture content in solids was produced by simulator. Finally, asimulated continuous fluidized bed dryer for paddy with dimension 5 m of length and 1.5 of width was succesfully performed, in which the influence of mass solid flow rate 0.1; 0.2; 0.4 tons/h, height of bed 0.25; 0.50; 0.75 m, and air temperature 50; 70; 100 °C on drying process were studied. Keywords: Paddy; fluid bed dryer; batch, contonious;  modelling; simulation
Optimization and Kinetic Modelling of The Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Oil Palm Petioles
Authors: Mardawatia Efri , Wira Dwi Wahyudha , Djali M. , Fetriyuna Fetriyuna , Suryadi Edi
Published: March 2018

Oil palm petiole is  the solid waste  of the crude palm oil industry.  It contains about 35% cellulose, 18% hemicellulose and 22-25% lignin.  During hydrolysis   lingo celllulosic, cellulose and hemicellulose are gradually degraded into fermentable sugars, such as glucose and xylose. Enzymatic hydrolysis of oil palm petioleby xylanase could be an effective biotechnological process, since it can be performed at ambient temperature and pressure. Further glucose and xylose can be used as raw material for the production of a wide variety of chemicals such as xylitol and bioethanol. The aim of this study wasto examine the optimum conditions needed for the enzymatic hydrolysis  of oil palm petioles, particularly temperature and pH. A surface Response Method Methodologies  (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) was employed to obtain  the optimum xylose concentration.   The dynamics of enzymatic hydrolysis   process was modelled using the Michaelis Menten kinetic model with kinetic parameters obtained from   experimental data. The results of this study lead to an enhanced process of the enzymatic hydrolysis of oil palm petiole, whichwas shown to follow the Michaelis Menten kinetic  model and the kinetic parameters including Km and Vm were obtained, they were 6.433 g/L  andVm= 0.042 g/L/min. The optimum hydrolysis condition wereobserved to be at temperature 50oC and pH 4.8. Keywords: enzymatic hydrolysis; glucose; kinetic modelling; oil palm petioles; xylose
Characteristics of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Treated With Ozonation During Ambient Storage
Authors: Setiasih Imas Siti , Rialita Tita , Sumanti Debby M. , Hanidah In-in
Published: March 2018

Crystal guava (Psidiumguajava L.) is a kind of fruit which easily damaged due to various factors.  Without proper treatment, crystal guava will  had  physical  damages.  The  aims  of  this study were to  determine  the  differences  in  physical, chemical,  microbiological  characteristics, and pesticide residue  between  crystal guava treated and untreated in ozone.  Ozonation  process was conducted by using ozonizer TIP-01 at the  concentration of 1.1 ppm for 5 minutes, and stored at room temperature (25± 2 0C) observed for 6 days with 2 replicates.  The explanatory methods was employed followed  by t-test.  The  characteristics  observed  were  color lightness,  hardness,  vitamin  C  content,  moisture  content,  totally  microorganism, and  pesticide residue.   The  results  showed  that after storage  for  6  days  at   room  temperature,  the  ozone  treatment  reduced  the lightness, hardness, vitamin C content, totally   microorganism,  and  pesticide residue,  while  moisture  content  increased.Keywords:  guava; ozone;  ambient storage
Ozonization Technology and Its Effects on The Characteristics and Shelf-life of Some Fresh Foods: A Review
Authors: Sukarminah Een , Djali Mohamad , Andoyo Robi , Mardawati Efri , Rialita Tita , Cahyana Yana , Hanidah In in , Setiasih Imas S.
Published: March 2018

The agricultural products such as vegetables, fruits, meat and liquid based products are vulnerable to physical, chemical and microbiological damage due to their high moisture and organic matter contents. On the other hand, the consumer demands high quality food respectively fresh, clean, healthy, and safe.  Ozone may be used an alternative or complementary food cleaning. The effectiveness of ozone against contaminating microorganisms present in agricultural products depends on several factors. Mechanism on ozone’s cleaning and sanitizing role in some food products are discussed. Application of ozonisation on cauliflower, red chili and guava crest and liquid based products exposed in some various ozone concentrations and exposures, on microbes’ inactivation are also discussed. Keywords :  ozonisation; food properties; shelf-life
Characteristics and Shelf Life of Dry Salted and Unsalted Dark Banded Goatfish (Upeneus sp.)
Authors: Fetriyuna Fetriyuna , Nurhasanah Siti , Ristiani Elisa , Devitasari Chittania
Published: March 2018

Salted and unsalted dark banded goatfish (Upeneus sp.) has the physical and chemical characteristics which influence their shelf life. The objective of this research was to reveal chemical characteristic and the possibilities of physical differences between salted and unsalted dark banded goatfish and determine their shelf life. The experimental method that being used in this research was complemented with statistical analysis using paired difference test to know that salting significantly affected the chemical and physical characteristics of the products. Shelf life testing using total number of micro-organism as the parameter. Shelf life testing used descriptive and experimental methods followed by shelf life calculation using ASLT method with Arrhenius model. Result of the research revealed that there were significant differences between salted and unsalted dark banded goatfish in water level, ash content level, and water activity (aw), but both of them had no significant differences in insoluble ash in acid level, protein level, fat level and hardness point. Salted dark-banded goatfish that packaged with PP 0,6 mm plastic at 15°C has the longest shelf life is about 15 months 27 days 3 hours 50 minutes and 24 seconds. Keywords: salted dry; unsalted dry fish; characteristic; shelf-life
Application of Encapsulated Anthocyanin Pigments from Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas L.) in Jelly Drink
Authors: Tensiska Tensiska , Marta Herlina , Cahyana Yana , Amirah Nur Syadza
Published: March 2018

Since the beginning of the 21th century, demand for natural food additives especially food colorant has increased  sharply. The natural one were considered safer, while the synthetic ones are less safe. One source of natural food colorant is anthocyanin pigments from purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.). Anthocyanins have good stability at acidic pH especially pH 2-4 so that it can be applied for food products such as beverages with low pH like jelly drink. Nevertheless, anthocyanins are very sensitive to the temperature and light. It is thus important to store food containing anthocyanins in proper condition. The purpose of this study was to determine the proper storage conditions and to predict shelf life of jelly drinks containing encapsulated anthocyanin pigments from purple sweet potato. This research used experimental methods by regression analysis of four treatments and four replications. The treatments were storage of jelly drink in (1) Room temperature with light exposure (25oC±2oC), (2) Room temperature without light exposure (25oC±2oC), (3) Refrigerator temperature  with light exposure (5oC±2oC)  and (4 ) Refrigerator temperature  without light exposure (5oC±2oC).  Parameters analysed were: (a) intensity of red color; (b) total anthocyanins; (c) pH value. Observations were made on days 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30. The results showed that the temperature and light affected the decrease in colour intensity, and total anthocyanins of jelly drink. The best treatment was stored at refrigerator temperatures without light exposure,  has the smallest decreasing of total anthocyanins (46,03% ) and decreasing of red intensity (3,19 %) during 30 days storage in which the shelf life spanned to around 200 days based on the color intensity. Keyword : anthocyanins pigments; purple sweet potato; regression analysis
Effect of Alginate Concentrations on Characteristics of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Their Viability
Authors: Sumanti Debby M. , Kayaputri Indira Lanti , Hanidah In-in , Sukarminah Een , Pakel Michelle Monique
Published: March 2018

Lactobacillus acidophilus, a probiotic bacterium, is important bacteria for establishing a balanced intestinal microflora. The number of probiotic bacteria that must be consumed to get the benefits is about ≥107 CFU/g. Viability of L. acidophilus is generally low due to environmental conditions, storage and processing. Therefore, it is essential to maintain the number of bacteria, including the use of coating material followed by freeze drying. This microencapsulation method study aimed to determine the exact concentration of alginate in order to improve viability and attain best microcapsule characteristics by freeze drying method. A completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications was used. Alginate concentrations used were 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% (w/v). They showed that no significantly difference on cell viability but a significant by different moisture content and yield of microcapsules. Treatment with 4% concentration was the best on generating microcapsules L. acidophilus with viability of 97.89%, water content of 3.43%, yield of 16.32%. It could also reduce resistance to pH 2.0 and bile salt 0.5% respectively 4.90 log cfu/g and 4.38%log cfu/g of total initial bacteria 4.99 log cfu/g. Keywords: alginate,  microencapsulation, Lactobacillus acidophilus, viability and characteristics.
Organoleptic Characteristics of Cookies from Sorghum Composites Flour
Authors: E. Wulandari , E. Sukarminah , I. Lanti , F. Sufmawati
Published: March 2018

Application of wheat flour in various food products has increased the import of wheat flour over years. The use of domestically grown crops like Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) could reduce the demand of wheat. Sorghum flour can be used in partial substitution with wheat flour for many food products, like cookies. The use of sorghum as cookies ingredient could be combined with other flours to get a composite flour. The purpose of this research was to obtain proportion of sorghum flour, sweet potato flour and soyabean flour that produce cookies with good organoleptic characteristics. The proportion of composite flour adequacy was calculated using a list of foodstuffs (DKBM).The research method was based on Experimental Method with Randomized Block Design (RBD) in twelve treatments and two repetitions. The treatments were proportion of sorghum flour (6 minutes, 8 minutes, 10 minutes of dehulling time), sweet potato flour, and soyabean flour. The results showed that cookies made with proportion of sorghum flour, sweet potato flour, and soyabean flour gave no significant difference in organoleptic characteristics (Overall, color, taste, aroma, and hardness).  The result also showed that the characteristics of the cookies were not affected by dehulling of sorghum grains but influenced by other ingredient than flour. Keywords: Sorghum, Sweet Potato Flour,  Soyabean Flour, Cookies, Sensory Properties
Isolation and Identification of Lactobacillus Bacteria from Culled Hens Meat for Meat Biopreservator
Authors: Lengkey Hendronoto Arnoldus W. , Balia Roostita Lobo , Siwi Jan Alex , Tasbac Bogdan A. , Togoe Iulian
Published: March 2018

Using chemical bio-preservatives is being frowned at because of their probable adverse effects on the health of consumers. Isolation and identification of microorganisms from natural resources are an occurring process that have most powerful means for obtaining cultures and also have commercial purposes. The aim of this study was to get bio-preservatives from poultry meat, by isolation and then identification of lactic acid bacteria. Lactic acid bacteria do not pose any health risks to human, and are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) organisms. The lactobacillus were isolated from raw poultry meat by appropriate dilutions with NaCl fisiological, and the decimal dilution were mixed with MRS medium and then incubated at 370C for 48-72 h. Pure cultures were maintained in MRS broth agar at 40C for short term use. Thirty well-isolated colonies were picked up and transferred to MRS broth. Selection of strains was made in agreement with morphology, Gram-stain, viability during storage at 40C and antimicrobial activity, was found twenty isolate. The identification of the cultures was based on the characteristics of the lactobacilli as described in Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology, fermentation of different carbon sources, gas production from glucose, growth at different temperatures. For anti-biogram, the isolates were inoculated into MRS broth individually and incubated for 24h. The plates were incubated at 37oC overnight. Resistance was defined as the absence of a growth inhibition zone around the discs. Results indicated that 20 isolate of Lactic acid bacteria were identified: 3 isolates of Lactobacillus fermentum, 2 isolates of Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei, 5 isolates of Lactobacillus plantarum, 3 isolates of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, 2 isolates of Lactobacillus lactis ssp. lactis 1, and   5 isolates of  Lactobacillus lactis ssp. lactis 2. Characterization of the microbial metabolic product for antimicrobial agents reveals that lactic acid bacteria has responsibility for the inhibition of the indicator organisms, and can be  used as meat biopreservator. Keywords: isolation, identification, lactobacillus, poultry meat, biopreservator.
Effect of Light-Emitting Diode (Led) Light on the Gene Expression Related With Ascorbate Biosynthesis and Metabolism in Broccoli Florets
Authors: Setiawan Chandra Kurnia , Supriyadi Supriyadi , Santoso Umar , Ma Gang , Kato Masaya
Published: March 2018

Ascorbate is one of the most abundant soluble antioxidants in the plant. Multiple functions of ascorbate in photo protection have been proposed, including scavenging of reactive oxygen species generated by oxygen photoreduction and photorespiration. There is still unclear information relation to LED light with Ascorbate biosynthesis and metabolism, yellowing, chlorophyll content, and ethylene production in broccoli florets. The effect of light-emitting diodes (LED) light on ascorbate (AsA) biosynthesis and metabolism in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica) cultivar “Ryokurei” were studied using red (660 nm), blue (470 nm) and white LED lights as the light source and also no light treatment as the control. Gene expression involved in the biosynthesis and metabolism of AsA, AsA content, color, chlorophyll content and ethylene production rate on the postharvest broccoli were observed in 4 days. The result showed that after two days, red light treatment significantly (p < 0,05) delayed the decrease of ascorbate content. The result was supported by observations using Real-Time Quantitative RT-PCR showed that red light treatment can suppress mRNA level of BO-APX1, BO-APX2, and BO-sAPX on the third day. Observation of BO-GLDH mRNA level was increased in the third-day exposure of red LED light. Therefore red LED light showed up-regulated AsA biosynthesis transcriptional level. Enzymes which possibility responsible for AsA metabolism and biosynthesis in a row were Ascorbate Peroxide (APX) and L-Galactono-1,4-Lactone Dehydrogenase (GLDH). The regulation of this gene expression might contribute to the suppression of AsA reduction by red LED light treatment in broccoli. Red LED also showed suppression of yellowing and decline the chlorophyll content in postharvest broccoli florets. Keywords: ascorbate, LED; broccoli; gene expression; real-time quantitative RT-PCR.
Study on the Physical Characteristics of Macaroni Made of Cassava Waste and Corn Flour by Applying Different Sizes of Die Extruder and Frequency of Moulding
Authors: Sunyoto Marleen , Djali Moh. , Rizky Amni Fajriani
Published: March 2018

The frequency of moulding using a die size can affect the texture of pasta. Macaroni that use cassava waste and corn flour (macaroni Raja) as raw material had a good appearance, but its texture was brittle. Therefore, the appropriate pressure was needed to improve the brittle’s texture. Providing the proper pressure can be implemented by setting the frequency of moulding and the size of die used. The objective of study was to determine the appropriate frequency of moulding with the size of extruder die so that it produces macaroni with the best characteristics. The method used in this study was random analysis design with 4 treatments and 6 repetitions. The treatments include one time with big die, one time with small die, two times with big die and two times with small die. The results of study showed that two times moulding by using small die gave the best result, which contains 2.935,911 gF of hardness before rehydration, 106.05 % rehydration power, 0.9687 gF of rubberiness, 1,223.488  gF of hardness after rehydration, -2.3389 gF of adhesiveness and 9.15 % of solid lost from cooking. Keywords: Moulding, die size, macaroni,  texture, composite flour