bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A 2 R⊕ Planet Orbiting the Bright Nearby K Dwarf Wolf 503
Authors: Peterson Merrin S. , Benneke Björn , David Trevor J. , Dressing Courtney D. , Ciardi David , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Schlieder Joshua E. , Petigura Erik A. , Mamajek Eric E. , Christiansen Jessie L. , Quinn Sam N. , Fulton Benjamin J. , Howard Andrew W. , Sinukoff Evan , Beichman Charles , Latham David W. , Yu Liang , Arango Nicole , Shporer Avi , Henning Thomas , X. Huang Chelsea , Kosiarek Molly R. , Dittmann Jason , Isaacson Howard
Published: October 2018

Since its launch in 2009, the Kepler telescope has found thousands of planets with radii between that of Earth and Neptune. Recent studies of the distribution of these planets have revealed a gap in the population near 1.5–2.0 R
⊕, informally dividing these planets into “super-Earths” and “sub-Neptunes.” The origin of this division is difficult to investigate directly because the majority of planets found by Kepler orbit distant, dim stars and are not amenable to radial velocity follow-up or transit spectroscopy, making bulk density and atmospheric measurements difficult. Here, we present the discovery and validation of a newly found

planet in direct proximity to the radius gap, orbiting the bright (J = 8.32 mag), nearby (D = 44.5 pc) high proper motion K3.5V star Wolf 503 (EPIC 212779563). We determine the possibility of a companion star and false positive detection to be extremely low using both archival images and high-contrast adaptive optics images from the Palomar observatory. The brightness of the host star makes Wolf 503b a prime target for prompt radial velocity follow-up, and with the small stellar radius (0.690 ± 0.025R
⊙), it is also an excellent target for HST transit spectroscopy and detailed atmospheric characterization with JWST. With its measured radius near the gap in the planet radius and occurrence rate distribution, Wolf 503b offers a key opportunity to better understand the origin of this radius gap as well as the nature of the intriguing populations of “super-Earths” and “sub-Neptunes” as a whole.
Detecting Exomoons via Doppler Monitoring of Directly Imaged Exoplanets
Authors: Vanderburg Andrew , Rappaport Saul A. , Mayo Andrew W.
Published: October 2018

Teachey et al. recently reported the detection of a candidate exomoon, tentatively designated Kepler-1625b I, around a giant planet in the Kepler field. The candidate exomoon would be about the size and mass of Neptune, considerably larger than any moon in our solar system, and if confirmed, would be the first in a new class of giant moons or binary planets. Motivated by the large mass ratio in the Kepler-1625b planet and satellite system, we investigate the detectability of similarly massive exomoons around directly imaged exoplanets via Doppler spectroscopy. The candidate moon around Kepler-1625b would induce a radial velocity (RV) signal of about 200

on its host planet, large enough that similar moons around directly imaged planets orbiting bright, nearby stars might be detected with current or next generation instrumentation. In addition to searching for exomoons, an RV survey of directly imaged planets could reveal the orientations of the planets’ spin axes, making it possible to identify Uranus analogs.
Pyroclastic Blowout: Dust Survival in Isolated versus Clustered Supernovae
Authors: Martínez-González Sergio , Wünsch Richard , Palouš Jan , Muñoz-Tuñón Casiana , Silich Sergiy , Tenorio-Tagle Guillermo
Published: October 2018

Following the current debate on the fate of SN-condensed dust grains, here we explore by means of three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations the interaction of dusty supernova remnants (SNRs) with the shocked winds of neighboring massive stars within young massive stellar clusters (SSCs). As a comparison, we have also explored the evolution of SNRs in the diffuse ISM with constant density. Since the hydrodynamics of SNRs is intimately related to the properties of their immediate environment, the lifecycle of dust grains in SNRs within SSCs is radically different from that in the diffuse ISM. Moreover, off-centered SNRs evolving in the steep density gradient established due to a star cluster wind experience a blowout phase: shell fragmentation due to protruding Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities and the venting of SN ejecta. Our main finding is that clustered SN explosions will cause a net increase in the amount of dust in the surroundings of young massive stellar clusters. Our analysis considers the multiple dust processing resulting from the passage of the SN reverse shock, including its reflection at the SNR’s center, the injection of shocked stellar winds within the respective remnant’s volume and the effect of secondary forward shocks produced in sequential SN explosions. With our code Cinder, on-the-fly, we have calculated the rates of thermal sputtering and dust-induced radiative cooling from an initial distribution of grain sizes and dust content. Fast-moving elongated dusty SN ejecta resemble mushroom clouds violently ascending in a stratified atmosphere after volcanic super-eruptions, where the pyroclasts carried by the clouds are wind-driven and eventually accumulate into the vast surroundings.
Parametric Decay and the Origin of the Low-frequency Alfvénic Spectrum of the Solar Wind
Authors: Réville Victor , Tenerani Anna , Velli Marco
Published: October 2018

The fast solar wind shows a wide spectrum of transverse magnetic and velocity field perturbations. These perturbations are strongly correlated in the sense of Alfvén waves propagating mostly outward, from the Sun to the interplanetary medium. They are likely to be fundamental to the acceleration and the heating of the solar wind. However, the precise origin of the broadband spectrum is unknown to date. Typical periods of chromospheric Alfvén waves are limited to a few minutes, and any longer period perturbations should be strongly reflected at the transition region. In this work, we show that minute long Alfvénic fluctuations are unstable to the parametric instability. Parametric instability enables an inverse energy cascade by exciting several-hour-long periods of Alfvénic fluctuations together with strong density fluctuations (typically between 1 and 20 R
⊙). These results may improve our understanding of the origin of the solar wind turbulent spectrum and will be tested by the Parker Solar Probe.
3D MHD Numerical Simulations of Polarized Emission in the Turbulent Background from Young Type Ia Supernova Remnants
Authors: Bao Biwen , Yang Chuyuan , Zhang Li
Published: October 2018

We study the polarized radio emission from young Type Ia supernova remnants by means of three-dimensional numerical MHD simulations and the assumption of relativistic electron distribution related to magnetic field energy density. In our simulations, the turbulent component of background plasma is taken into account by introducing a 3D Kolmogorov-like power spectrum. The simulation results indicate (i) the different orientations of the interstellar magnetic field around SNRs and lines of sight could produce different polarized radio emission shells, (ii) the fraction of polarization may be decreased through integrating the synchrotron emissivities along the line of sight, which is mainly due to the emission from the strong turbulent and disordered region of the magnetic field, and (iii) the total intensity is strong in some regions where the polarization degree is low.
Ultraviolet Line Intensities of Intermediate and High Ions Predicted from Non-equilibrium Ionization Simulations
Authors: Shelton Robin L. , Kwak Kyujin
Published: October 2018

We predict the UV emission line intensities produced by turbulent mixing layers (TMLs) between hot and warm gas and in high-velocity clouds (HVCs) traveling through hot gas such as that in the extended Galactic halo, circumgalactic medium, and intergalactic space. The calculations include the effects of hydrodynamic mixing, cooling, and non-equilibrium ionization and were done with the FLASH code and the Raymond and Smith code. A variety of mixing-layer and cloud conditions were simulated, resulting in 13 individual models. The intensities of 21 UV emission lines or doublets of 14 ions of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and silicon in TMLs and HVCs are tabulated. These ions are C ii, C iii, C iv, N ii, N iii, N iv, N v, O iii, O iv, O v, O vi, Si ii, Si iii, and Si iv. Owing to the relatively small assumed pressures and depths, our predicted intensities are small. However, when properly scaled to account for the pressures and depths of such gas in other places, the predicted intensities can be used to estimate the sensitivity needed for observations of the diffuse UV emission or compared with observations of a variety of astrophysical structures. The ratios of the predicted Si iv, C iv, N v, and O vi intensities are expected to remain invariant when the predictions are scaled to correspond to denser regions. The ratios of the predicted Si iv, C iv, and O vi intensities are compared with those of regions in our Galaxy that were observed by SPEAR/FIMS and the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer and with those predicted for other models, including an analytical model of TMLs and a model with a magnetized thermal conduction front.
Interferometric Observations of Cyanopolyynes toward the G28.28–0.36 High-mass Star-forming Region
Authors: Taniguchi Kotomi , Miyamoto Yusuke , Saito Masao , Sanhueza Patricio , Shimoikura Tomomi , Dobashi Kazuhito , Nakamura Fumitaka , Ozeki Hiroyuki
Published: October 2018

We have carried out interferometric observations of cyanopolyynes, HC3N, HC5N, and HC7N, in the 36 GHz band toward the G28.28−0.36 high-mass star-forming region using the Ka-band receiver of the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array. The spatial distributions of HC3N and HC5N are obtained. HC5N emission is coincident with a 450 μm dust continuum emission, and this clump with a diameter of ∼0.2 pc is located at a position ∼0.15 pc east of the 6.7 GHz methanol maser. HC7N is tentatively detected toward the clump. The HC3N:HC5N:HC7N column density ratios are estimated to be 1.0:∼0.3:∼0.2 at an HC7N peak position. We discuss possible natures of the 450 μm continuum clump associated with the cyanopolyynes. This clump seems to contain deeply embedded low- or intermediate-mass protostellar cores, and the most likely formation mechanism of the cyanopolyynes is the mechanism of warm carbon-chain chemistry. In addition, HC3N and compact HC5N emission is detected at the edge of the 4.5 μm emission, which possibly implies that such emission has a shock origin.
Quantifying Turbulent Dynamics Found within the Plasma Sheets of Multiple Solar Flares
Authors: Freed Michael S. , McKenzie David E.
Published: October 2018

It is vital to our understanding of solar flares that we discern how turbulent motion can affect the magnetic reconnection process. The objective of this study is to quantify the velocity and vorticity structures inherent in the observed motions found in a plasma sheet above arcades during a solar flare. The most noticeable features in these plasma sheets are the supra-arcade downflows (SADs) that sporadically enter the field of view. This work is also attempting to ascertain what effect these SADs have on the flow of plasma at different length scales. Contrast-enhanced images from five flares observed with the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (SDO/AIA) and Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) were used to construct velocity maps—in the plane of the sky—via a Fourier local correlation tracking program. Power-law indices (α) were calculated from the power spectral densities (PSDs) associated with the intensity, kinetic energy, and enstrophy structures of these plasma sheets. Velocity oscillations are observed to be approximately three times stronger for velocities that are perpendicular (V

ϕ
) instead of parallel (V

ρ
) to the magnetic field’s direction. Four of the flares observed were used for producing the following plasma sheet properties: kinetic energy PSD indices with only V

ρ
were −0.15 ≤ α

ρ
 ≤ 0.08, kinetic energy PSD indices with only V

ϕ
were −1.59 ≤ α

ϕ
 ≤ −1.46, kinetic energy PSD indices with both velocities were −0.89 ≤ α ≤ −0.83, enstrophy PSD indices were 0.87 ≤ α ≤ 0.97, kinetic energy density was 16.6 km2 s−2 ≤ ϵ ≤ 60.0 km2 s−2, and enstrophy density was 1.2 × 10−6 s−2 ≤ ω ≤ 2.8 × 10−6 s−2.
A new species of Sympistis Hübner from Sapelo Island, Georgia, USA (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Oncocnemidinae)
Authors: Adams James K. , Schmidt B. Christian
Published: October 2018

A new species of theSympistisbadistrigaspecies-group,SympistiseleanerAdams,sp. n.is described from Sapelo Island, a back-barrier island in coastal Georgia, United States of America. Adults and genitalia ofS.eleanerare illustrated, in addition to adults of similar species in theSympistisbadistrigaspecies-group. The composition of this species-group is discussed.
Contributions to the systematics of New World macro-moths VII
Authors: Schmidt B. Christian , Lafontaine J. Donald
Published: October 2018

n/a
Review of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder
Authors: Ushay Diana , Seibell Phillip J.
Published: October 2018

With the publication of
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
, fifth edition, specific eating disorder diagnoses expanded beyond the familiar diagnoses of anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). Specifically, the diagnosis of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) was created to describe the disordered patient demonstrating restrictive eating and malnutrition but without the fear of weight gain or body image disturbance that are evident in AN and BN. Here we examine the ARFID diagnosis and its implementation in clinical practice, as well as comorbidities. We review studies that examine differences in characteristics and outcomes between patients with ARFID and AN, and also discuss treatment methods, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, family-based treatment, and pharmacotherapy. We conclude by discussing the heterogeneous nature of the disorder and recommend directions for future research.

[
Psychiatr Ann.
2018;48(10):477–480.]
Presbyopic Excimer Laser Ablation: A Review
Authors: Stival Larissa R. , Figueiredo Marisa N. , Santhiago Marcony R.
Published: October 2018

PURPOSE:

To provide an overview of the efficacy and safety of available presbyopic excimer laser ablation profiles.

METHODS:

Literature review.

RESULTS:

Monovision with excimer laser traditionally applies near correction to the non-dominant eye. Different excimer laser presbyopic approaches include the increase in depth of focus, through the controlled change of spherical aberration or asphericity, or multifocal ablation patterns with central or peripheral near vision zones. The studies investigating different excimer laser ablation patterns applied in previously myopic eyes revealed high levels of efficacy with all ablation profiles (between 68% and 99% achieving binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity [UDVA] of 20/25 or better, and between 70% and 100% achieving uncorrected near visual acuity [UNVA] presenting J3 or better). In hypermetropic eyes, most of the studies revealed high levels of efficacy with different platforms (between 78% and 100% achieving binocular UDVA of 20/25 or better and between 70% and 100% achieving UNVA presenting J3 or better). Loss of two or more lines of corrected distance visual acuity varied between 0% and 10% in the myopic eyes and between 0% and 14% in the hyperopic eyes.

CONCLUSIONS:

There is evidence that excimer laser presbyopic strategies accomplish spectacle independence at reasonable levels. There are reliable and safe options for both myopic and hyperopic eyes with satisfactory outcomes regarding near and distance vision.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(10):698–710.]
Effect of NSAIDs on Pupil Diameter and Expression of Aqueous Humor Cytokines in FLACS Versus Conventional Phacoemulsification
Authors: Anisimova Natalia S. , Arbisser Lisa B. , Petrovski Goran , Petrichuk Svetlana V. , Sobolev Nikolay P. , Petrovski Beata , Borsenok Sergey A. , Komah Yurii A. , Malyugin Boris E.
Published: October 2018

PURPOSE:

To compare the concentrations of interleukin (IL) (IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70), interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and TNF-β in the aqueous humor of patients undergoing femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) and corneal mechanical paracentesis treated with two different topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): bromfenac and indomethacin.

METHODS:

In this prospective, randomized controlled, single-center study, aqueous humor samples were obtained immediately after performing the femtosecond laser procedure or at the start of conventional phacoemulsification. Preoperatively, the FLACS groups were administered (once daily and four times daily, respectively) either topical bromfenac 0.09% (12 eyes) or indomethacin 0.1% (12 eyes). The corneal paracentesis bromfenac and indomethacin groups received the same regimen of instillation of NSAIDs, respectively. Quantitative analysis of the expressed cytokines in the aqueous humor was performed using FlowCytomix FC 500 Pro 3.0 Software (Bender MedSystems GmbH, Vienna, Austria).

RESULTS:

The intraoperative pupil diameter was correlated with the expression of IL-6 after the femtosecond laser procedure in the FLACS indomethacin group (r = −0.53;
P
= .07). A significant difference in mean pupillary size was detected between the FLACS bromfenac and indomethacin groups at the aspiration/irrigation time point (0.53 ± 0.26 mm) and at the end of surgery (0.68 ± 0.37 mm). Progressive pupillary constriction was observed in the indomethacin and bromfenac groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

A smaller expression of IL-6 to the overall cytokine network value was observed in cases receiving preoperative bromfenac 0.09%, explaining improved maintenance of intraoperative mydriasis.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(10):646–652.]
Differences in Posterior Corneal Features Between Normal Corneas and Subclinical Keratoconus
Authors: Golan Oren , Hwang Eric S. , Lang Paul , Santhiago Marcony R. , Abulafia Adi , Touboul David , Krauthammer Mark , Smadja David
Published: October 2018

PURPOSE:

To compare posterior corneal features and their discriminating power for differentiating normal corneas from subclinical keratoconus using the Placido dual-Scheimpflug analyzer.

METHODS:

Patients were retrospectively included in the study. The preoperative normal right eyes of 79 patients imaged with a Placido dual-Scheimpflug system and with a stable postoperative LASIK follow-up of a minimum of 36 months were included in the normal group and were compared to 39 contralateral topographically normal eyes with clinically evident keratoconus in the fellow eye. The posterior surface variables measured were categorized according to the feature of the corneal shape they were characterizing (curvature, elevation, asymmetry, and eccentricity) and compared between the two groups using the Student's two-sample
t
test. The discriminating ability of the posterior surface variables was compared by receiver operator characteristics curves.

RESULTS:

Variables that related to asymmetry and elevation of the posterior surface were statistically significantly different between groups (
P
< .05), whereas eccentricity and curvature–related parameters were not. Receiver operator characteristics curves analysis showed that the maximum posterior elevation over the best-fit toric and aspheric surface reference shape had the highest discriminating ability for distinguishing normal corneas from subclinical keratoconus, with an area under the curve of 0.877, followed by the asphericity asymmetry index, with an area under the curve of 0.871, and posterior inferior-superior value, with an area under the curve of 0.851.

CONCLUSIONS:

Posterior cornea measured with a dual-Scheimpflug analyzer provides useful parameters for differentiating normal corneas from subclinical keratoconus. Of the posterior surface parameters, asymmetry and elevation seem to be the most sensitive shape modifications for differentiating both populations.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(10):664–670.]
Sequential Customized Therapeutic Keratectomy for Reis-Bücklers' Corneal Dystrophy: Long-term Follow-up
Authors: Vinciguerra Paolo , Vinciguerra Riccardo , Randleman J. Bradley , Torres Ingrid , Morenghi Emanuela , Camesasca Fabrizio I.
Published: October 2018

PURPOSE:

To report long-term outcomes of sequential customized therapeutic keratectomy for Reis–Bücklers' corneal dystrophy.

METHODS:

This was a retrospective review of 14 eyes of 8 patients with Reis–Bücklers' corneal dystrophy that underwent surgical peeling with a spatula of the epithelium and subepithelial membrane present in Reis–Bücklers' corneal dystrophy, with subsequent sequential customized therapeutic keratectomy featuring a multi-step approach with sequential, repeated customized excimer laser photoablations alternating with repeat intraoperative topographies to monitor and progressively reduce corneal irregularities.

RESULTS:

At the last follow-up of 5.09 ± 4.67 years (range: 0.29 to 12.87 years), mean corrected distance visual acuity improved from 20/50 (range: 20/630 to 20/30) to 20/25 (range: 20/20 to 20/40) (
P
< .01), whereas mean refraction changed from −0.29 ± 1.91 diopters (D) sphere and −0.75 ± 0.81 D cylinder preoperatively to 1.25 ± 2.10 D sphere and −1.08 ± 0.53 D cylinder postoperatively. Mean central keratometry values changed minimally from 42.67 ± 2.26 D preoperatively to 42.65 ± 2.30 D postoperatively. Coma significantly decreased from 0.60 ± 0.40 to 0.35 ± 0.28
μ
m (
P
< .05), whereas total higher order aberrations, spherical aberration, and trefoil remained stable. No patient underwent corneal transplantation. Disease recurrence required re-treatment using the same protocol in 14.28% of eyes (n = 2) for a mean of 5.86 ± 0.31 years (range: 5.64 to 6.08 years) after initial surgery.

CONCLUSIONS:

Five years after sequential customized therapeutic keratectomy, most eyes with Reis–Bücklers' corneal dystrophy showed improved visual acuity, stable refraction, and improved or stable higher order aberrations.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(10):682–688.]
Discard-ban policies can help improve our understanding of the ecological role of food availability to seabirds
Authors: Real Enric , Tavecchia Giacomo , Genovart Meritxell , Sanz-Aguilar Ana , Payo-Payo Ana , Oro Daniel
Published: October 2018

Discards from fisheries are the most important predictable anthropogenic food subsidies (PAFS) that are being incorporated into marine ecosystems. Changes on their availability and predictability can help us to understand the role that food availability (i.e. an important indicator of the carrying capacity) plays at different ecological levels, from individual fitness to community dynamic and ecosystem functioning. For several reasons, seabirds are an excellent model for evaluating the ecological effects arising from a lack of discards: 1) they are one of the most important discard scavengers, 2) they are easy to monitor and 3) they are apical predators are globally distributed, which makes them suitable health indicators of ecosystems. Here we review the existing information on seabird-discard interactions to identify the main knowledge gaps and propose new challenges for improving our understanding of the general role of food availability. We conclude that the new policies on the ban of fishery discards that are being progressively implemented in the European Union, Norway, Chile and New Zealand offer a suitable experimental scenario for improving our understanding of how a large decrease in the carrying capacity may alter demographic parameters such as survival, dispersal and reproduction, the resilience of populations against perturbations and the role of individual specialization in the foraging process.
Deep-sea sharks as by-catch of an experimental fishing survey for black scabbardfishes (Aphanopus spp.) off the Canary Islands (NE Atlantic)
Authors: Freitas Mafalda , Costa Luísa , Delgado João , Jiménez Sebastián , Timóteo Viriato , Vasconcelos Joana , González José A.
Published: October 2018

The deep-sea sharks associated as by-catch of the Madeiran midwater drifting longline fishery for scabbardfishes (Aphanopus spp.) were investigated by means of an experimental survey at 800-1200 m depth within the Canary Islands Exclusive Economic Zone, whose fishing grounds have been exploited during the past 15 years. Nine species of chondrichthyans were identified, belonging to five families: Pseudotriakidae, Centrophoridae, Etmopteridae, Somniosidae and Chimaeridae. Data on length, weight and sex ratio for the 436 chondrichthyan individuals caught in the March 2009 survey are given. Several voucher specimens of each species caught were deposited in the collections of the Natural History Museum of Funchal.
Transnationalism from Below after the First World War: The Case of the 1924 Revolution in Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
Authors: Vezzadini Elena
Published: October 2018

After the First World War, a nationalist movement quickly gained momentum in Sudan, eventually leading to the outburst of the 1924 Revolution. While the peculiar status of Sudan as an Anglo-Egyptian Condominium and the political struggle between Egypt and Great Britain have often been seen as the main reasons behind the uprising, this article seeks to reinterpret the international factors leading to the Revolution, first by connecting it to the transnational diffusion of both ideas and techniques of protest that went well beyond Egypt and Great Britain, and second by analysing it in light of that peculiar global moment which occurred in many sites of the colonial world during and after the Great War. Moreover, contrary to the tendency of global history to focus mostly on transnational elites, the case of Sudan has the merit of showing the impact of international diffusion on local political cultures “from below.” Various aspects of this “transnationalism from below” will be explored: the role of international news and the press in feeding the 1924 Revolution and the way in which the activists “wrote back” to reach an international audience; the creation of secret societies in Sudan, another highly transnational structure of protest; but also how this era of mass protests caused the transformation of the structure of secret societies so that they would become tools to mobilise the masses.
Great War Intrigues in the Horn of Africa
Authors: Gilkes Patrick , Plaut Martin
Published: October 2018

As the First World War went global, both Britain and Germany pursued similar strategies in the Red Sea, trying to stir up revolts and policy changes among each other’s allies and interests on opposite sides of the Red Sea, Britain to the east, Germany to the west. The British succeeded, almost by accident, in organising the Arab revolt in mid-1916, ultimately destroying the Ottoman Empire. Germany and the Ottomans, after failing in their attempt to attack Egypt directly, also failed in their attempt to ally with Ethiopia and use it to threaten British Somaliland or Eritrea and the route to India. The effort to lure Ethiopia to their side and counteract British influence in the lower Red Sea revolved around the young, uncrowned Emperor, Lij Iyasu, who had his own plans to break the power of the traditional ruling Christian Amhara nobility and involve the peripheral Muslim peoples of the empire, i.e. Somalis, Afars and Oromos, more centrally in government, aiming to create a more inclusive imperial administration. Together with the moves of the Ottoman Empire against Aden, this posed the possibility of a real threat to the British route to India. The successful putsch against Lij Iyasu in September 1916, welcomed by the allied powers, meant this threat disappeared; it also laid the basis for the long rule of Emperor Haile Selassie.
Moins de mandataires locaux à Bruxelles ? Scénarios et impact
Authors: van Haute Emilie , Deschouwer Kris , Gaudin Thibault , Janssens Rudi , Kavadias Dimokritos , Mares Ann , Pilet Jean-Benoit , Sierens Vivien , Tibbaut Aurélie
Published: October 2018

Le nombre de conseillers communaux et d’échevins dans la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale est relativement élevé et augmente à chaque élection. Au cours des débats sur le fonctionnement des institutions politiques de la Région, l’idée de réduire le nombre de mandataires locaux est régulièrement mise sur la table. La présente contribution étudie les implications possibles d’une telle diminution. Trois scénarios sont envisagés : une diminution de 10 %, de 20 % et de 30 %. Pour chacun de ces scénarios, une simulation a été faite de ses effets sur le pluralisme dans les conseils communaux, sur la charge de travail des conseillers et échevins, sur la formation de coalitions, sur les équilibres de genres et sur la position des élus néerlandophones. Pour les petits groupes, pour les néerlandophones et pour l’égalité des genres, les effets seraient clairement négatifs.
Advancing a New General Education Curriculum Through a Faculty Community of Practice
Authors: Giering Judith A. , Hunger Gail M.
Published: October 2018

Many institutions of higher education are reimagining their general education curriculum or adding new, innovative programs to their course offerings. Faculty driving such innovation, while experts in their disciplines, often lack experience with instructional design and the benefits it subsequently brings to these types of programs. At the same time, process-driven, traditional approaches to instructional design may not feel relevant to some faculty. In this chapter, the authors describe the Learning Design Collaborative, a new model for instructional design built on the principles of intentional learning, authentic learning, and student engagement. Placed within the context of a faculty learning community, this experience has been used with faculty developing courses for the first-year signature experience of a new general education curriculum. Implications of this initiative suggest the importance of continually evaluating instructional design models, opportunities for implementing the model in other programs, and a relationship with other emerging instructional design models.
Applying Instructional Design Guidelines for Community Health Programs in Health Education
Authors: Adams Laura , Shambaugh Neal
Published: October 2018

Community health programs promote healthy lifestyles and wellbeing. Numerous models and theories have been developed that support these programs; however, health educators are faced with how to implement these models and specific teaching approaches. Instructional design (ID) provides guidance on making these decisions, guidelines which can be customized for the field. This chapter provides four design guidelines to assist health educators to incorporate program models and theories and appropriate teaching models. Guideline 1 prioritizes the selection of learning outcomes before the choice of supporting models or theories in order to keep the needs of individuals, groups, and communities at the forefront. Guideline 2 customizes instructional design guidelines across the ID process. Guideline 3 raises an awareness of the full scope of teaching using Gagné's events of instruction. Guideline 4 suggests teaching models appropriate to the individual, interpersonal, and community levels of health education programs.
Global Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Szmelter Agnieszka
Published: October 2018

The pharmaceutical industry is seen as one of the most dynamic, volatile, and innovative parts of the global economic environment. It also has a big impact on the society and is an indicator of the healthcare systems' condition. Some changes have happened in the last decades, for example, shifting the production facilities to the developing countries, new market entries, or the new law changed the previously established and stable layout of market forces. The chapter aims at presenting the current situation of the global pharmaceutical industry including the main trends influencing the changes in this sector. Describing this part of the global market will ensure the right interpretation of the research results of the other parts of the book.
The Mentoring and Connectivism of African American Male Students Who Participate in Recreational Sports Programs
Authors: Simpson Jr. Artha L. , Jones Kathryn
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this chapter was to examine the factors influencing the mentoring and connectivism of retaining African American male students through participation in recreational sports programs. It is being reported that improvements in participation and success for African Americans are encouraging, particularly among males, but there is more to be done. The study was conducted at one regional university within the state of Texas that has an established recreational sports facility and programs. There were a total of six African American male participants chosen for this study. Findings from this study affirm that recreational sports provide opportunities for students to be connected, feel comfortable, and build relationships with their faculty as well as the staff.
An Alternative Heterotopia Against Consumer Culture
Authors: Kahraman Nilnur Tandaçgüneş
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the heterotopia phenomenon in light of utopian function defined by Ernst Bloch that has created utopian movements from past to present. This is in The Principles of Hope and based on new cultural policies of a developing network society. It aims to make a contribution to the literature of cultural studies regarding new media by dealing with the ethos of phenomenon via sociologic, philosophic, and marketing perspectives. To this effect, the relation between the social network, one of the productions of cultural policies that are closely related to social media platforms nowadays and the consumption culture, is the focus of the study. In the analysis, the study deals with zumbara.com case, a time banking project based on a gift economy that is chosen in regard to the topic.
Digital Citizenship as New Culture Policy Through Public Affairs Perspective
Authors: Mengü Seda , Doruk Ece Karadogan , Yavasgel Emine
Published: October 2018

Relation can be defined as the expectations of parties from each other with regard to their actions, depending on the type of interaction between them. Awareness, effect, benefit, and reciprocity of actions are the components of successful relations. Relationship management in public relations encompasses the development, sustainability, promotion, and maintenance of mutual benefit relations between institutions and their target groups. The purpose of relationship management is to build relations and form communities. The change in our life culture has also transformed the modes of corporate communication and obliged the realization of sustainable relationship management with publics. Hence, in this chapter, all dimensions of digital citizenship as a new culture policy and different ways that publics meet their needs will be discussed. In this sense, the activities of Turkish Telecom Corporation related to digital citizenship will be analyzed.
Reappraising Social Media
Authors: Kohle Friedrich H.
Published: October 2018

This chapter reappraises social media. The corporate perspective promises a growth market based on user data exploitation. On the other hand, users expect emotional contagion and authenticity from their social media experience. They want to connect to friends and family. As a consequence, users accept corporate exploitation of their data. Users see social media as a human right. To users, the technology is key to global knowledge dissemination, with the potential to challenge traditional power structures resisting change. Building on Obar and Wildman, the chapter concludes with an improved definition of social media suggesting that user data tagged to user accounts, user generated content (UGC), and user behavior in the multi-device universe is the lifeblood of social media. Research suggests that social media has propelled mankind beyond McLuhan's global village into the global digital family.
An Analysis of the Impact of Business Networks on Technology Development
Authors: Ebrahimi Maryam
Published: October 2018

This chapter proposes an agent-based model (ABM) of business networking at the level of an industry involving two technology products and populated with technology-based firms. Since technology-based companies trade technologies as products, the concept of new technology development (NTD) is generalized to the new product development. In ABM, each agent represents a small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) which might develop one technology based on some features including perceived value of the technology, perceived ability of NTD, and business network. By defining agents as being the current companies along with the new entrants, one can analyze the effect of the policy of “improving the entry of new companies into the industry” with and without business networking. The results of ABM demonstrated that business networking enhances the number of SMEs with the ability to develop new technologies, especially in a case where the number of new entrants is high.
The Marginal Syllabus
Authors: Kalir Jeremiah H. , Perez Francisco
Published: October 2018

This case study examines educator learning as mediated by open web annotation among sociopolitical texts and contexts. The chapter introduces annotation practices and conceptualizes intertextuality to describe how open web annotation creates dialogic spaces which gather together people and texts, coordinates meaning-making, and encourages political agency. This perspective on texts-as-contexts is used to present and analyze educator participation in the Marginal Syllabus, a social design experiment that leverages open web annotation to foster conversation about educational equity. One conversation from the Marginal Syllabus is analyzed using mixed method approaches to data collection, analysis, and the presentation of findings. Learning analytics and discourse analysis detail how open web annotation mediated educator participation among sociopolitical texts and contexts of professional relevance. The chapter concludes by discussing open web annotation as a means of coordinating educator participation in public conversations about sociopolitical issues related to educational equity.
The Role of Annotations in Summarization
Authors: Mirasol Rosalyn Gunobgunob
Published: October 2018

In today's reading education, the importance of explicit instruction of specific cognitive literacy strategy that promotes readers' active participation in the reading process is highly recognized. This active participation is synonymous with readers' interaction with the text, the context, and himself/herself. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate the role of annotations in the ability of the students to write a summary. This chapter considered teacher-modelling as an important factor in the students' annotations. Explicit instruction and modelling gave the students' opportunity to learn the skill until they could independently apply the strategy without the guidance of the teacher. A qualitative analysis of the students' annotations revealed that those who have both verbal and non-verbal glosses had better output in their summary. This implies that annotations provide students better interaction with the text, themselves, and the world.
Practical Issues With Modern Marginalia
Authors: Reid Alan J.
Published: October 2018

This chapter concludes the book and presents issues apropos to marginalia and annotation that warrant further consideration. In particular, the chapter addresses privacy concerns surrounding public annotation and other related ethical problematizations that accompany the use of web annotators. The chapter discusses the dilemma posed by the use of web annotation over digital writing spaces, such as blogs and personal websites, and its encroachment on the right to public and private discourse on the web.
Context-Based Handling of Mobile Process Activities
Authors: Pryss Rüdiger , Reichert Manfred
Published: October 2018

Process technology constitutes a crucial component of information systems. In this context, high flexibility is required as business functions must be quickly adaptable to cope with dynamic business changes. As recent developments allow for the use of mobile devices in knowledge-intensive areas, it is often demanded to enhance process-aware information systems with mobile activity support. In general, the technical integration of this activity type with existing process management technology is challenging. For example, protocols governing the communication between mobile devices and process management systems must be adapted. If a mobile context shall be additionally considered, the integration gets even more complex. However, the use of a mobile context offers advantages. For example, the mobile activity execution time may be decreased if mobile activities are only assigned to those users whose location is beneficial. This chapter proposes an approach to enable the robust handling of single process activities on mobile devices based on a mobile process model.
Establishing Lessons for Ireland's BIM Policy Through a Systematic Review of International BIM Programmes
Authors: Hore Alan V. , McAuley Barry , West Roger
Published: October 2018

BIM usage is accelerating rapidly across the globe, driven by the major private and government owners who want to embrace the benefits of faster, more certain project outcomes. The support of central government for BIM implementation can be regarded as the key driving force leading to higher utilisation of BIM. To further understand how international governments have supported their BIM programmes, the BIM Innovation Capability Programme (BICP) research team in Ireland completed a comprehensive Global BIM Study in 2017. An explicit ingredient of this article involved conducting a comprehensive literature review of global BIM adoption initiatives, with a particular focus on successful enablers in international regions. This helped inform the publication of the Digital Transition Roadmap published by the National BIM Council (NBC) of Ireland in late 2017. This article details the findings of an examination of BIM progress in eight countries of particular interest to the NBC given their relative advancement in their BIM journey. Whilst the results showed a variation of approach, evidence suggests that this was best achieved through the establishment of a central resource funded by government to drive digital transition. This article is particularly timely as Ireland releases its own Digital Construction Transition Roadmap 2018-2021. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how Ireland's Roadmap reflects best international practice and why international knowledge sharing and collaboration will be an ongoing priority for Ireland's transition programme.
Utilizing BCF and IFC for Automated Dimensional Compliance Control
Authors: Hyland Neil , O'Keeffe Shawn E. , Brodie Shane
Published: October 2018

The authors have developed a novel methodology for utilising open standards for the reporting and correction of IFC-formatted BIMs during comprehensive dimensional control compliance. As designed BIMs rarely match exactly what was built on-site, and traditional methods for ensuring the design matches the built environment are tedious, costly, and time-consuming as stakeholders must manually navigate through the model to find problems, relying on subjective judgement. An efficient method to develop accurate as-built/as-is BIMs is by comparing point cloud reality capture data against the as-designed BIM to reflect the real-world state. The authors' novel methodology performs an automated comparison between as-built and as-designed representations, and employs the open standard BIM Collaboration Format (BCF) in the communication and correction of issues to resolve to match the true state of the built environment. Our methodology produces BCF reports containing recognised deviations between the as-is state and as-designed BIM, supported by the major BIM authoring tools.
Role of Platform, Supplier and Medium in Online Trust Formation
Authors: Yan You , Dongmei Zhao , Weining Yang
Published: October 2018

Research literature suggests that online trust and commitment are the core constructs in building a sustainable electronic commerce relationship. This article investigates the respective roles of the platform, supplier and medium in forming online trust, and determines whether these factors ultimately influence purchase intentions. It seeks to re-examine the trust model by McKnight and identifies how a trust model can be adapted in current business environments. A model is developed and tested by six constructs which have an impact on each other. Survey data from online platform customers (n = 386) are used to test the online trust hypotheses with structural equation modeling. As hypothesized, the results suggest that platform, supplier and medium have a positive relationship with online trust, and especially the platform has the highest positive impact. Among platform sub constructs, the web design, supplier rank and the privacy policy are crucial. After sale service, the company location and price strongly influence the supplier. For the medium sub constructs, 3rd party seals impact the medium more strongly than expert comments and consumer reviews. However, the medium has negative impact on behavioral intentions. The article identifies interesting differences between the original work by McKnight and the findings of this study, but basically concludes that the online trust theory applies to current electronic commerce market. Few studies have examined the role of platform, supplier and medium separately in forming online trust. This study divides platform and supplier into two separate constructs to meet the new market development. The modified model truly reflects the vibrant online platform environment and can provide better insight into managing the platform.
Imperatives of Business Models and Digital Transformation for Digital Services Providers
Authors: Venkatesh Ramamurthy , Mathew Liju , Singhal Tarun Kumar
Published: October 2018

Despite the increasing pace of digital transformation initiatives across many industry verticals, lack of understanding among business leadership is cited as one of the major barriers for successful implementation of business transformation. This article explores the imperatives of business models and digital transformation from practical perspective and proposes an improvised business model framework with particular focus on digital services providers. Extant literature covering the trends of business models and digital transformation were reviewed qualitatively along with select reports pertaining to challenges faced by communications service providers. Key findings of this article suggest, a practical framework and business model representation to mitigate the challenges of business models and digital transformation. The authors believe, such an approach shall open up new and innovative opportunities for communication service providers to become true digital service providers which will help their business customers to plan and empirically progress with their business transformation efforts.