bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accurate and gate-efficient quantum
Ansätze
for electronic states without adaptive optimization
Authors: Burton Hugh G. A.
Published: June 2024

The ability of quantum computers to overcome the exponential memory scaling of many-body problems is expected to transform quantum chemistry. Quantum algorithms require accurate representations of electronic states on a quantum device, but current approximations struggle to combine chemical accuracy and gate efficiency while preserving physical symmetries, and rely on measurement-intensive adaptive methods that tailor the wave function to each molecule. In this contribution, we present a symmetry-preserving and gate-efficient that provides chemically accurate molecular energies with a well-defined circuit structure. Our approach exploits local qubit connectivity, orbital optimization, and connections with generalized valence bond theory to maximize the accuracy that is obtained with shallow quantum circuits. Numerical simulations for molecules with weak and strong electron correlation, including benzene, water, and the singlet-triplet gap in tetramethyleneethane, demonstrate that chemically accurate energies are achieved with as much as 84% fewer two-qubit gates compared to state-of-the-art adaptive techniques.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Nuclear quantum effect on the elasticity of ice VII under pressure: A path-integral molecular dynamics study
Authors: Tsuchiya Jun , Shiga Motoyuki , Tsuneyuki Shinji , Thompson Elizabeth C.
Published: June 2024

We investigate the effect of nuclear quantum effects (NQEs) of hydrogen atoms on the elasticity of ice VII at high pressure and ambient-temperature conditions using path-integral molecular dynamics (PIMD) calculations. We find that the NQEs of hydrogen contribute to the transition of ice VII from a static disordered structure to a dynamically disordered structure at pressures exceeding 40 GPa. This transition is characterized by a nonlinear increase in the elastic constants. A comparison of molecular dynamics, and PIMD calculations shows that NQEs increase the elastic constants of ice by about 20% at 70 GPa and 300 K.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Predicting the Morphology of Multiphase Biomolecular Condensates from Protein Interaction Networks
Authors: Li Tianhao , Jacobs William M.
Published: June 2024

Phase-separated biomolecular condensates containing proteins and RNAs can assemble into higher-order structures by forming thermodynamically stable interfaces between immiscible phases. Using a minimal model of a protein/RNA interaction network, we demonstrate how a “shared” protein species that partitions into both phases of a multiphase condensate can function as a tunable surfactant that modulates the interfacial properties. We use Monte Carlo simulations and free-energy calculations to identify conditions under which a low concentration of this shared species is sufficient to trigger a wetting transition. We also describe a numerical approach based on classical density functional theory to predict concentration profiles and surface tensions directly from the model protein/RNA interaction network. Finally, we show that the wetting phase diagrams that emerge from our calculations can be understood in terms of a simple model of selective adsorption to a fluctuating interface. Our work shows how a low-concentration protein species might function as a biological switch for regulating multiphase condensate morphologies.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Development of a portable and cost-effective femtosecond fibre laser synchronizable with synchrotron X-ray pulses
Authors: Kaneshima Keisuke , Kyoda Takumi , Sugeta Shuta , Tanaka Yoshihito
Published: June 2024

This study introduces a compact, portable femtosecond fibre laser system designed for synchronization with SPring-8 synchrotron X-ray pulses in a uniform filling mode. Unlike traditional titanium–sapphire mode-locked lasers, which are fixed installations, our system utilizes fibre laser technology to provide a practical alternative for time-resolved spectroscopy, striking a balance between usability, portability and cost-efficiency. Comprehensive evaluations, including pulse characterization, timing jitter and frequency stability tests revealed a centre wavelength of 1600 nm, a pulse energy of 4.5 nJ, a pulse duration of 35 fs with a timing jitter of less than 9 ps, confirming the suitability of the system for time-resolved spectroscopic studies. This development enhances the feasibility of experiments that combine synchrotron X-rays and laser pulses, offering significant scientific contributions by enabling more flexible and diverse research applications.
Preferential crystallization of (±)-pinenyllithium·TMEDA
Authors: Erickson Alexander N. , Haltiwanger Curtis , Rahim Masoumeh , Garner Charles M.
Published: June 2024

(±)-Pinenyllithium·TMEDA or (tetramethylethylenediamine-κ2
N,N′)(η3-6,6-dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptyl)lithium, [Li(C10H15)(C6H16N2)], is readily prepared from β-pinene, butyllithium and TMEDA, and the racemic material preferentially crystallizes even from 96:4 (92% ee) mixtures of (−)- and (+)-β-pinene, respectively. The structure is monomeric, with the geminal-dimethyl bridge of the bicyclic structure shielding one face of the allyl system, restricting the lithium to the opposite face and preventing the Li–allyl–Li aggregation observed with some other allyllithium systems. The symmetry of the allyl system, bond lengths, bond angles and out-of-plane deviations are compared to existing structures. In addition, a much older structure of this complex is compared to this very recent one.
Assessing the relationship between mobile devices usage, self-efficacy and online information seeking behavior: a demographic analysis in academic rural context
Authors: Waqas Muhammad , Rafiq Sadaf , Ya Chen , Wu Jiang
Published: June 2024

Purpose

In recent years, the use of mobile devices for academic persistence has grown to be an indispensable element of students’ learning, highlighting the broad acceptance and adaptability of mobile technology in learning environments. The current study examines how college students in rural areas use mobile devices and how self-efficacious they are when seeking online information. Additionally, the study investigated the connection between mobile devices usage (MDU), mobile devices self-efficacy (MDSE) and online information seeking behavior (OISB) on the basis of demographic differences.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative research design was used by deploying a five-point Likert scale for measurement, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v.26 was used for data analysis. A variety of statistical methodologies, including t-tests, ANOVA and correlation coefficients, were conducted to inspect and assess MDU, MDSE and OISB across gender and age groups. Data from 331 students at the public sector college in a rural region was gathered using a questionnaire. A total of 315 legitimate replies were received.

Findings

The study's conclusions showed that the respondents used their mobile devices for educational purposes less frequently. Nonetheless, the respondents' degrees of MDSE and OISB appear to be high. Furthermore, a strong link was demonstrated among the MDU, MDSE and OISB. On the contrary, there was a negative correlation link between MDU and both MDSE & OISB, while a positive correlation between MDSE and OISB was found. The results also showed substantial variance in all research components based on age and gender, indicating that male and younger respondents performed more efficiently than female and adult respondents.

Originality/value

These results indicate that information literacy guidelines and a variety of educational initiatives should be put together by the government, educational policymakers, librarians and educators, with a focus on how to use mobile devices for learning and information seeking. This will make it possible for students to more efficiently find the information using their portable devices.
The determinants and consequences of board multiple directorships
Authors: Fayad Abdallah A.S. , Khatib Saleh F.A. , Abbas Alhamzah F. , Ghaleb Belal Ali Abdulraheem , Mousa Ali K.A.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This systematic literature review investigates the phenomenon of board multiple directorships and its implications for corporate governance and organisational performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopts a systematic approach, which involves identifying and analysing relevant research papers on board multiple directorships. This study synthesises the latest research findings to gain insights into the determinants and consequences of multiple directorships. The sample literature was collected from the Scopus database from year 2000 till 2023.

Findings

The review reveals several key findings. Firstly, multiple directorships have both positive and negative implications for corporate governance. They can bring value by providing directors access to valuable information and resources from different companies, enhancing board functions and improving firm performance. However, there is a concern that overworked directors may not effectively fulfil their fiduciary responsibilities on any board, compromising their monitoring abilities.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by comprehensively reviewing multiple board directorships research and their impact on organisations. This study synthesises the latest research findings and offers valuable insights into the determinants and consequences of this practice. Also, this study highlights the need for effective corporate governance practices that balance multiple directorships’ benefits and potential drawbacks. The study also identifies research themes and suggests potential areas for future research, contributing to the advancement of understanding in board multiple directorships.
A study on the influence of digital literacy on elderly user’s intention to identify social media false information
Authors: Chen Lu , Jia Jing , Xiao Manling , Wu Chengzhen , Zhang Luwen
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This research exclusively focuses on China’s elderly Internet users given how severe a threat disinformation has become for this particular population group as social media platforms thrive and the number of elderly netizens grows in China. The purpose of this study is to explore the mechanism of how elderly social media users’ intention to identify false information is influenced helps supplement the knowledge system of false information governance and provides a basis for correction practices.

Design/methodology/approach

This study focuses on the digital literacy of elderly social media users and builds a theoretical model of their intention to identify false information based on the theory of planned behaviour. It introduces two variables – namely, risk perception and self-efficacy – and clarifies the relationships between the variables. Questionnaires were distributed both online and offline, with a total of 468 collected. A structural equation model was built for empirical analysis.

Findings

The results show that digital literacy positively influences risk perception, self-efficacy, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control. Risk perception positively influences subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and the attitude towards the identification of false information. Self-efficacy positively influences perceived behavioural control but does not significantly impact the intention to identify. Subjective norms positively influence the attitude towards identification and the intention to identify. Perceived behavioural control positively influences the attitude towards identification but does not significantly impact the intention to identify. The attitude towards identification positively influences the intention to identify.

Originality/value

Based on relevant theories and the results of the empirical analysis, this study provides suggestions for false information governance from the perspectives of social media platform collaboration and elderly social media users.
Teachers' talent management and personal quality ensure a better tomorrow in education
Authors: Koh Aik Siong , Abdul Razak Ahmad Zabidi
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study investigates the level and correlation between talent management and teacher personal qualities among MICSS (Malaysian Independent Chinese Secondary School) teachers by integrating the talent management model proposed by Davies and Davies (2011) and the Big Five Structure established by Lewis R. Goldberg (1992).

Design/methodology/approach

The researcher conducted quantitative research methods in this study, collecting numerical data through the use of questionnaires and utilizing the stratified random sampling technique. The sample consisted of 357 Malaysian teachers who are employed by MICSS throughout the whole Malaysian context.

Findings

In essence, the survey revealed a significant degree of proficiency in talent management and teacher personal qualities among teachers. In addition, this study also revealed a moderate correlation between talent management and the personal traits of teachers across MICSS teachers in Malaysia.

Research limitations/implications

Limiting the investigation solely to MICSS is a noteworthy limitation. The examination also utilizes AMOS structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis, and it may be considered a restriction of this research that quantitative survey research is employed.

Practical implications

Academic establishments and universities that nurture prospective educators should incorporate talent management strategies and the personal qualities of teachers into the modules of teacher training to ensure that these individuals are not only adequately prepared but also assured of their ability to execute all duties assigned to them in a professional manner.

Originality/value

This research is notably innovative in the context of the Malaysian MICSS, where little evidence exists regarding talent management and teacher personality traits in education. This study, to the best of our knowledge, is the first attempt to investigate the practices and correlation between talent management and teacher personality traits in the entire Malaysian context. The research focuses on the practices of talent management towards MICSS teachers in Malaysia as well as the personal qualities of MICSS teachers.
Unveiling consumer loyalty dynamics: insights for golf club loyalty programs
Authors: Lee Sangyung , Kim Young Hoon
Published: June 2024

Purpose

With the competitive nature of golf club operations, understanding the loyalty formation process is crucial for maintaining a competitive edge. This study investigated the sequential developmental stages of consumer loyalty, progressing through cognitive, affective, and conative stages.

Design/methodology/approach

The study conducted a survey targeting consumers who have experienced golf club services in the United States. This study operationalized reliability and trust as key indicators of the cognitive stage, hedonic motivation and social engagement as indicators of the affective stage, and loyalty as the indicator of the conative stage.

Findings

Using structural equation modeling (SEM), this study found that reliability has a significantly positive influence on trust. Trust has a significantly positive influence on hedonic motivation and loyalty. Furthermore, hedonic motivation has a significantly positive influence on social engagement and loyalty.

Originality/value

By integrating these findings within the Cognitive-Affective-Conative (CAC) framework, this study contributes to both the theoretical literature on consumer loyalty and provides practical insights for golf club management.
Government performance and citizen trust before and after the Great Recession: the case of Greece and Italy
Authors: Lee Yunsoo
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The Great Recession that began around 2008 hit hard on Greece and Italy. During a period of extreme economic distress, the two countries suffered the loss of government performance and citizen trust in government. The purpose of this study is to describe how government performance and citizen trust in government had been altered in the context of the Great Recession.

Design/methodology/approach

This study conducts a case study on France and Germany. These in-depth case studies afford a lens for diagnosing how the Great Recession affected macro and micro-performance in practice.

Findings

Comparative case studies of Greece and Italy provide evidence that government performance in Greece and Italy was diminished to a large extent as a result of the Great Recession. In addition, citizen trust in both countries was impaired during the Great Recession period.

Social implications

It is a matter of grave concern how the government responds to crises. During the crisis, some states implemented stringent austerity measures. This case brings out the careful point that austerity measures could diminish government performance as well as the state’s fundamental potential.

Originality/value

Due to its significance, the Great Recession has been widely investigated, with the explanations often concentrating on economic and political repercussions. Nonetheless, how the economic crisis transformed into public administration and policy has largely gone unheeded. The case studies of Greece and Italy newly identify and help to explain how the Great Recession contributes to governments and citizens in a multitude of aspects.
Latvian employees’ attitudes towards remote work in the framework of work-family-community-self integration: a survey using the job demands-resources model
Authors: Mietule Iveta , Komarova Vera , Lonska Jelena , Litavniece Lienite , Arbidane Iluta , Matisane Linda
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study aims to identify factors influencing attitudes towards remote work, categorise employed Latvians into proponents and opponents of remote work and analyse these groups in the work-family-community-self integration.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopts the job demands-resources theory. Empirical research is based on a survey of employed Latvians (Feb–Mar 2021, n = 1,052, n = 853,200). The focus is on employed Latvians with remote work experience, constituting 534 individuals (50.7% of the sample). The sample aligns with the demographic profile of employed Latvians, with data weighted by age and sex (across 12 age–sex combinations) from the Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia. Research hypotheses include identification of “discriminatory” factors influencing the attitudes towards remote work, distinguishing between proponents and opponents; examination of distinct job demands and resources related to the work-family-community-self integration within the groups of proponents and opponents of remote work.

Findings

Survey results indicate that 11.2% respondents worked remotely before the COVID-19 pandemic, typically without formalisation. Among those with remote work experience, 40% support it, whereas 60% oppose it. Rather than social and demographics or employer support, work-related values play the most significant role in shaping attitudes. Proponents generally acquire more job resources than demands through remote work, fostering the work-family-community-self integration; conversely, opponents experience the opposite trend.

Originality/value

This study provides empirical insights into the attitudes of employed Latvians towards remote work in the work-family-community-self integration, using the job demands-resources model. Notably, it innovatively evaluates the institutionalisation of remote work.
Tourist satisfaction toward halal tourism: the role of tourism governance and branding
Authors: Haryanto Rudy , Anwar Mohammad Muhlis , Harisah Harisah , Fadllan Fadllan
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the impact of halal tourism governance on halal tourist satisfaction by using halal tourism branding as a mediating role to increase tourist satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach

Data is obtained through a questionnaire completed by 400 tourists who have traveled to visit halal tourism destinations on Madurese Island. The collected research data is tested by using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).

Findings

The study revealed that halal tourism governance has positive and significant impact on halal tourist satisfaction and halal tourism branding. The study also revealed that halal tourism branding has no positive and significant impact on halal tourist satisfaction because the community thinks that halal tourism branding is common and commonplace.

Research limitations/implications

This research is on an Island-specific halal tourism destination, which means that the findings cannot be generalized to other geographical areas which have diverse cultures.

Practical implications

The study provides insight into halal tourism and destination governance, which is important for marketers, the Ministry of Tourism and local tourism officials to support halal tourism.

Originality/value

This paper fills a gap by presenting the first comprehensive overview of halal tourism governance that enhances ongoing discussions in the halal tourism field.
Exploring the economy of creativity and culture in the light of Industry 5.0: a systematic literature review of the setup of creative industries
Authors: Sneha Venkatesh , Kavitha R.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study aims at stirring up the existing research conducted in the field of creative economy (CE) and also in the context of Industry 5.0. CE encompasses all the creative industries/businesses which form a major part of the knowledge-based economy. The functionalities of these setups, their global trends and developments are to be assessed for a better understanding of its present circumstances and its prospective opportunities by augmenting Industry 5.0 and its core principles. This provides a comprehensive illustration to enhance the economic, social, creative and sustainable performances of the creative industry. In addition, the study also seeks to identify the dynamics of creative units and how it could highly contribute to the glorification of the creative and cultural history in the Indian economic backdrop.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopts a systematic literature review process to fulfill the research objective. Four critical databases in Scopus such as Emerald Insight, Springer Link, Sage Publications and Taylor and Francis have been chosen for the review process. Following the critical literature review process, the chosen articles from each database have been retrieved for an exhaustive analysis within a time frame of 2013–2023 to evaluate the research evolution on the subject area.

Findings

The paper identified various research dimensions and perspectives of the researchers in the area of study. This gives a platform to extensively evaluate the capabilities and functionalities of the sector for strategy building and enhancing returns from the sector.

Research limitations/implications

As the methodology was restricted to top 5 articles from 5 important databases, the study was limited to only those articles and the other open-access peer-reviewed articles/journals/databases have not been considered which is a major limitation. Alongside, as the time frame was restricted for a period of 10 years and only English language papers were chosen, prior study has not been considered, which is also a key limitation to the study.

Practical implications

Policymakers, i.e. government and institutions, can understand the existence and contribution of the CE in different geographical regions for a specified period of time. This helps them understand the new revolution, Industry 5.0, and how they could merge their concepts to bring innovations in the sector and support in building sustainable cities in the emerging economies.

Originality/value

As the paper works on bringing out the viewpoints of multiple authors and research works, it is considered to be a novel study as none of the previous studies, especially systematic literature review works, have been done only in high-quality journals of Scopus database. Therefore, the study holds high-quality information which can be significantly used by creative business units.
Acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary evaluation of an animated VR game for reducing mental health stigma in health-care students and trainees: a mixed-method study
Authors: Szekely Raul , Mason Oliver , Frohlich David M. , Barley Elizabeth Alexandra
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study aims to pilot-test the acceptability, feasibility, preliminary efficacy and user experience of an animated virtual reality (VR) game (“Goliath: Playing with Reality”) aimed at reducing stigma related to psychosis and schizophrenia among health-care students and trainees.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed-methods design was used. Sixteen trainee clinical psychologists with experience working with service users with psychosis/schizophrenia engaged with the VR game using a headset and controllers, and completed measures before and after. Quantitative measures assessing intervention acceptability, appropriateness and feasibility were collected and analysed descriptively. These were complemented by qualitative feedback on user experience, analysed through content analysis. Pre- and post-intervention mental health stigma-related measures were also collected and analysed inferentially.

Findings

Most participants found the VR game acceptable, appropriate and feasible for reducing mental health stigma. Although there were no significant changes in stigma-related measures, participants were impressed by the immersive storytelling and the symbolic portrayal of psychosis. Participants also valued the educational aspect, empathised with people living with psychosis/schizophrenia and experienced a range of emotional reactions. However, participants noted usability concerns, and suggestions for improvement were made.

Originality/value

This is one of the first studies to show the potential of “Goliath: Playing with Reality” as a mental health educational intervention for health-care students and trainees. Drawing on narrative theory and immersive-interactive storytelling techniques, the VR game provides experiences that can foster narrative engagement and emotional connection, potentially enhancing its effectiveness in mental health stigma reduction efforts.
Extending the norm activation model and unpacking laypeople’s misinformation correction process: multilayered roles of awareness, norms and efficacy
Authors: Chen Anfan , Chen Zhuo , Ng Aaron Yikai
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study examines the role of crowd wisdom in misinformation correction. Going beyond fact-checking, we investigate the mechanisms underlying laypeople’s participation in misinformation correction. Drawing upon the Norm Activation Model (NAM), this study conceptualizes misinformation correction as a prosocial behavior and examines the impact of various media and social psychological factors on laypeople’s motivations to engage misinformation correction behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

Through a national survey of 1,022 respondents, we explore the norm activation process triggered by the perceived prevalence of online misinformation, which directly and indirectly impacts online misinformation correction intentions via awareness, norms, and efficacy. This mechanism was tested using structural equation modeling.

Findings

This study found that perceived prevalence of misinformation, self-efficacy, and outcome efficacy play multilayered roles in shaping misinformation correction intentions. The effects were mediated by the activation of personal norms, which showed the strongest direct relationship with correction intentions. However, these factors also demonstrated direct associations with correction intentions, indicating multiple paths in misinformation correction.

Originality/value

Differing from mainstream fact-checking approaches, this study provides a more comprehensive examination of the mechanisms underlying laypeople’s willingness to engage in social media misinformation correction behaviors. In addition, this study also extends NAM by incorporating media environment (perceived prevalence of online misinformation) into the model, identifying more paths affecting misinformation correction behaviors.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-09-2023-0437
Hate-motivated crimes in Brazil: an overview of crimes against LGBTQI+ people
Authors: Ceccato Vania , Simões Agapito Leonardo Simões
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to provide an overview of the nature of hate-motivated crimes in Brazil by focusing on offenses against LGBTQI+ people and discussing the current legal approaches to combating hate-motivated crimes.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper draws on secondary sources and analysis of existing literature in the field, which is primarily in the Portuguese language.

Findings

There is no formal definition of hate crime in Brazil. However, it is estimated that Brazil has one of the highest rates of hate crimes perpetrated against LGBTQI+ people in the world, and lethal violence against this group has been on the increase since 2000, especially among black and brown LGBTQI+ people. In more than half of the lethal incidents in public places, often in large cities, the victims and the perpetrators are typically young. The study shows how the lack of a unified legal definition for hate-motivated crimes directly impacts LGBTQI+ people, poses challenges for organizations when collecting data on this group and highlights the need for legislation and enforcement agencies to promote transparency around hate crimes in Brazil.

Research limitations/implications

The study shows how the lack of a unified legal definition for hate-motivated crimes directly impacts LGBTQI+ people, poses challenges for organizations when collecting data on this group and highlights the need for legislation and enforcement agencies to promote transparency around hate crimes in Brazil.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to the literature on gender violence through the analysis of various data sources, created and disseminated by advocacy agencies and other related institutions, on hate crimes against LGBTQI+ people in Brazil.
An infrastructure‐less emergency location detection system using basic cellular device‐to‐device connection
Authors: Behrooz Hojat , Ilbeigi Mohammad
Published: June 2024

One of the most time‐sensitive and critical tasks for first responders in the aftermath of a disaster is to locate people for effective and successful rescue operations. The existing solutions for large‐scale location detection of citizens depend on expensive equipment that may not be readily available in many urban areas and also cannot cover a vast area quickly. To address this challenge, the present study proposes a novel location estimation method by creating a Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) using citizens' mobile phones. The proposed solution can accurately estimate the location of mobile devices in a MANET based on their Received Signal Strength (RSS) and communicate the estimated location coordinates to first responders without any dependencies on telecommunication infrastructures. This system will help first responders locate and map mobile devices in the affected area in a matter of seconds to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of postdisaster rescue operations. The envisioned solution offers unique capabilities that differentiate it from previously existing methods. The proposed method directly estimates device locations using their basic cellular signal strength without any dependency on GPS and relies only on basic cellphone signals. Therefore, nonsmartphones can also join and function in the envisioned MANET system. It also does not impose any computational operations or requirements for installing an app on citizens' phones. The performance of the proposed system was empirically evaluated using a simulation analysis. The results indicated that the method could efficiently and accurately discover more than 93% of mobile devices and estimate their locations.
Acute symptoms of depression and traumatic stress in men and women who terminate pregnancy after the detection of fetal anomaly: A prospective observational study
Authors: Bekkhus Mona , Oftedal Aurora , Haugen Guttorm , Mortensen Berit , Kaasen Anne
Published: June 2024

Objective

To assess acute and long‐term stress in men and women after the detection of fetal anomalies leading to pregnancy termination.

Design

Prospective observational study.

Setting

Tertiary referral centre for fetal medicine.

Population

From the initial sample of 180 pregnant women with a fetal anomaly detected by ultrasound examination, a total of 87 women terminated their pregnancy, with 72 partners included in the sample. At the time of detection, the group of women (n = 93) and their partners (n = 81) who did not terminate the pregnancy following a diagnosis were included as a comparison group.

Methods

These women and their partners were asked to complete the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Impact of Events Scale (IES) questionnaires, both at the time of initial detection and at 6 weeks after the termination of the pregnancy.

Main outcome measures

Responses to the EPDS and the IES at the time of initial detection and at 6 weeks after pregnancy termination.

Results

Women who underwent pregnancy termination reported higher symptom levels of depression, but not traumatic stress, prior to the termination than women who chose not to terminate their pregnancy. Among men, there was a difference across depression and all subscales of traumatic stress (e.g. IES intrusion: mean difference 5.31; 95% CI 2.32–8.31). Women experienced more depressive symptoms over time than men (β = 4.33, P < 0.001) and higher symptom levels on all subscales of traumatic stress (e.g. IES intrusion: β = 5.27; P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Overall, our study underscores the heightened levels of depression and traumatic stress experienced by prospective parents, particularly prior to the decision to terminate a pregnancy following the detection of a fetal anomaly. Although women generally report more pronounced symptoms, it is noteworthy that men also experience considerable traumatic stress during this challenging time.
Impact of lifeguard oxygen therapy on the resuscitation of drowning victims: Results from an Utstein Style for Drowning Study
Authors: Thom Ogilvie , Roberts Kym , Devine Susan , Leggat Peter A , Franklin Richard C
Published: June 2024

Introduction

No published evidence was identified regarding the use of oxygen in the treatment of drowning in two recent systematic reviews. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of on scene, pre‐Emergency Medical Services (EMS) oxygen therapy by lifeguards in the resuscitation of drowning victims.

Method

We conducted a retrospective case match analysis of drowning patients presenting to the EDs of Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service. Patients were matched for age, sex and severity of drowning injury. The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included positive pressure ventilation (PPV) by EMS and the ED, as well as admission to the Intensive Care Unit.

Results

There were 108 patients in each group. Median (IQR) age was 22 (15–43) in the oxygen group and 23 (15–44) years in the non‐oxygen group. There were 45 females in the oxygen group and 41 females in the non‐oxygen group. Sixteen patients had suffered cardiac arrest and three patients respiratory arrest in each group. There were five deaths in each group. Initial oxygen saturation on arrival of EMS was identical in both groups 89.2% (±19.9) in the oxygen group versus 89.3% (±21.1) (P = 0.294) in the non‐oxygen group. The oxygen group required PPV more frequently with EMS (19 vs 11, P < 0.01) and in the ED (19 vs 15, P < 0.01).

Conclusion

On scene treatment with oxygen by lifeguards did not improve oxygenation or outcomes in drowning patients.
Clinical validation of the nursing diagnosis “Fall risk in adults (00303)” in elderly people in the community‐dwelling
Authors: Fhon Jack Roberto Silva , Diogo Regina Célia dos Santos , dos Santos Neto Alexandre Pereira , Djinan Alice Regina Felipe Silva , Lima Eveline Fontes Costa , Rodrigues Rosalina Aparecida Partezani
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To identify the risk factors for the nursing diagnosis of fall risk in adults (00303) in elderly people in the community‐dwelling.

Method

This is a methodological study, with a quantitative approach, carried out with elderly people living in the city of Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil, from February to December 2018. For data collection, the demographic profile, Mini‐Mental State Examination, diseases self‐reported, functional independence measure, Lawton and Brody scale, geriatric depression scale, and self‐perception of gait instruments were used. Tests of accuracy and association of risk factors with p ≤ 0.05 were performed.

Findings

A total of 262 elderly people, aged over 80 years (55.7%), 71% of which were female and 42.7% were widowed, were included in the sample. A total of 82.1% had vascular diseases, 72.1% had diabetes, and 20.6% had depression. The predominant risk factors were difficulty performing instrumental activities of daily living (58.8%), cognitive dysfunction (43.5%), and depressive symptoms (26.3%). Difficulty performing instrumental activities of daily living had a sensitivity greater than 60%. The positive and negative predictive values were mostly greater than 50%. In the regression analysis, it was found that the elderly have a higher risk of suffering a fall if they present anxiety (p = 0.05), impaired physical mobility (p = 0.02), and difficulty to perform instrumental activities of daily living as risk factors (p = 0.03).

Conclusion

It was possible to identify the presence of risk factors for the diagnosis fall risk in adults (00303) in the clinical context of the elderly in home settings and contribute to the clinical validation of the taxonomy, increase the evidence and importance of the diagnosis, and generate new knowledge for gerontological nursing.

Implications for nursing practice

To help nurses identify risk factors that lead elderly people to suffer falls at home and to implement preventive actions in their community with the support of their families.
Bayesian radiocarbon modelling for beginners
Authors: Buck Caitlin E. , Juárez Miguel A.
Published: June 2024

Due to freely available, tailored software, Bayesian statistics is now the dominant paradigm for archaeological chronology construction in the UK and much of Europe and is increasing in popularity in the Americas. Such software provides users with powerful tools for Bayesian inference for chronological models with little need to undertake formal study of statistical modelling or computer programming. This runs the risk that it is reduced to the status of a black box, which is not sensible given the power and complexity of the modelling tools it implements. In this paper we seek to offer intuitive insight to ensure that readers from the archaeological research community who use Bayesian chronological modelling software will be better able to make well educated choices about the tools and techniques they adopt. Our hope is that they will then be both better informed about their own research designs and better prepared to offer constructively critical assessments of the modelling undertaken by others.
Indigenous maternal and infant outcomes and women's experiences of midwifery care: A mixed‐methods systematic review
Authors: McNeil Deborah , Elliott Sarah A. , Wong Angie , Kromm Seija , Bialy Liza , Montesanti Stephanie , Purificati‐Fuñe Adam , Juul Sonje , Roach Pamela , Bromely Jackie , Tailfeathers Esther , Amyotte Maddie , Oster Richard T.
Published: June 2024

Background

The impact of midwifery, and especially Indigenous midwifery, care for Indigenous women and communities has not been comprehensively reviewed. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a mixed‐methods systematic review to understand Indigenous maternal and infant outcomes and women's' experiences with midwifery care.

Methods

We searched nine databases to identify primary studies reporting on midwifery and Indigenous maternal and infant birth outcomes and experiences, published in English since 2000. We synthesized quantitative and qualitative outcome data using a convergent segregated mixed‐methods approach and used a mixed‐methods appraisal tool (MMAT) to assess the methodological quality of included studies. The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Quality Appraisal Tool (ATSI QAT) was used to appraise the inclusion of Indigenous perspectives in the evidence.

Results

Out of 3044 records, we included 35 individual studies with 55% (19 studies) reporting on maternal and infant health outcomes. Comparative studies (n = 13) showed no significant differences in mortality rates but identified reduced preterm births, earlier prenatal care, and an increased number of prenatal visits for Indigenous women receiving midwifery care. Quality of care studies indicated a preference for midwifery care among Indigenous women. Sixteen qualitative studies highlighted three key findings ‐ culturally safe care, holistic care, and improved access to care. The majority of studies were of high methodological quality (91% met ≥80% criteria), while only 14% of studies were considered to have appropriately included Indigenous perspectives.

Conclusion

This review demonstrates the value of midwifery care for Indigenous women, providing evidence to support policy recommendations promoting midwifery care as a physically and culturally safe model for Indigenous women and families.
Modelling bone metastasis in spheroids to study cancer progression and screen cisplatin efficacy
Authors: Suurmond Ceri‐Anne E. , Leeuwenburgh Sander C. G. , van den Beucken Jeroen J. J. P.
Published: June 2024

Most bone metastases are caused by primary breast or prostate cancer cells settling in the bone microenvironment, affecting normal bone physiology and function and reducing 5‐year survival rates to 10% and 6%, respectively. To expedite clinical availability of novel and effective bone metastases treatments, reliable and predictive in vitro models are urgently required to screen for novel therapies as current in vitro 2D planar mono‐culture models do not accurately predict the clinical efficacy. We herein engineered a novel human in vitro 3D co‐culture model based on spheroids to study dynamic cellular quantities of (breast or prostate) cancer cells and human bone marrow stromal cells and screen chemotherapeutic efficacy and specificity of the common anticancer drug cisplatin. Bone metastatic spheroids (BMSs) were formed rapidly within 24 h, while the morphology of breast versus prostate cancer BMS differed in terms of size and circularity upon prolonged culture periods. Prestaining cell types prior to BMS formation enabled confocal imaging and quantitative image analysis of in‐spheroid cellular dynamics for up to 7 days of BMS culture. We found that cancer cells in BMS proliferated faster and were less susceptible to cisplatin treatment compared to 2D control cultures. Based on these findings and the versatility of our methodology, BMS represent a feasible 3D in vitro model for screening of new bone cancer metastases therapies.
Insufficient numbers and poor working conditions for rangers protecting tigers
Authors: Gray Thomas N. E. , Belecky Michael , Singh Rohit , Moreto William D. , Chapman Stuart
Published: June 2024

Protected area rangers are planetary health care workers and are at the frontline of the protection of wildlife and wild places. Ensuring that there are sufficient rangers in protected areas, and that these rangers are equipped and provided with decent working conditions, is critical to protecting iconic species such as tiger Panthera tigris. Using data from a global survey of public‐sector ranger numbers, we estimate the shortfall in the number of rangers required to safeguard protected areas in Tiger Conservation Landscapes (TCLs) across the 10 Asian countries with breeding tigers. We calculate the cost required to address this shortfall in ranger numbers. We also estimate the costs for meeting a subset of the welfare needs of rangers aligned to the Chitwan Declaration of the World Ranger Congress. We estimate that a minimum of 12,500 more rangers are required across ~320,000 km2 of tiger‐bearing protected areas. We estimate this would cost US$ 45.8 million annually. The majority (63%) of these rangers are required in three Southeast Asian countries, which have declining tiger numbers. To meet a subset of the basic welfare needs of rangers, we estimate that an additional US$ 7.8 million is required annually across the 10 countries. While the funding gap that we estimate excludes many aspects of effective protected area management, we provide further evidence that protected areas in the biodiverse tropics remain underfunded. Increasing funding for rangers is a critical component of what is required to protect the tiger and tiger landscapes. We urge tiger range country governments, and the global conservation community, to secure this funding. Increasing the numbers of rangers, and effectively supporting their welfare, will increase our ability to protect the tiger and the ecologically significant landscapes in which it occurs.
Safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and antitumor activity of SAR439459, a TGFβ inhibitor, as monotherapy and in combination with cemiplimab in patients with advanced solid tumors: Findings from a phase 1/1b study
Authors: Baranda Joaquina C. , Robbrecht Debbie , Sullivan Ryan , Doger Bernard , Santoro Armando , Barve Minal , Grob Jean‐Jacques , Bechter Oliver , Vieito Maria , de Miguel Maria Jose , Schadendorf Dirk , Johnson Melissa , Pouzin Clemence , Cantalloube Cathy , Wang Rui , Lee Jooyun , Chen Xiaofei , Demers Brigitte , Amrate Amele , Abbadessa Giovanni , Hodi F. Stephen
Published: June 2024

SAR439459 (SAR'459), a “second‐generation” human anti‐transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) monoclonal antibody, enhances the activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this phase I/Ib study, we evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics, and antitumor activity of SAR'459 ± cemiplimab (intravenous) in patients with advanced solid tumors. Increasing doses of SAR'459 were administered every 2 or 3 weeks (Q2W, Q3W) alone (Part 1A) or with 3 mg/kg cemiplimab Q2W or 350 mg Q3W (Part 1B). In Part 2A (dose expansion), melanoma patients were randomly (1:1) administered 22.5 or 7.5 mg/kg SAR'459. In Part 2B (dose expansion), 22.5 mg/kg SAR'459 and 350 mg cemiplimab Q3W were administered. The primary end points were maximum tolerated dose (MTD) or maximum administered dose (MAD; Part 1), preliminary antitumor activity (Part 2B), and optimal monotherapy dose (Part 2A). Twenty‐eight and 24 patients were treated in Parts 1A and 1B, respectively; MTD was not reached, MAD was 15 (Q2W) and 22.5 mg/kg (Q3W) alone and in combination, respectively. Fourteen and 95 patients, including 14 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, were treated in Parts 2A and 2B, respectively. The population PK model yielded satisfactory goodness‐of‐fit plots and adequately described the observed data by a two‐compartment PK model with linear elimination. Objective responses were not observed in Parts 1 and 2A. In Part 2B, objective response rate was 8.4% and 7.1% across tumor types and the HCC cohort, respectively. The most frequent treatment‐emergent adverse effects were hemorrhagic events (43.5%), keratoacanthoma (6.8%), and skin neoplasms (6.2%). Fatal bleeding occurred in 21.4% HCC patients despite the implementation of mitigation measures. SAR'459 monotherapy and combination with cemiplimab appeared relatively safe and tolerable in limited number of patients in dose escalation. However, the study was discontinued due to the unclear efficacy of SAR'459 and bleeding risk, particularly in HCC patients.