bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One‐Stage Total Hip Arthroplasty with Modular S‐ROM Stem for Patients with Bilateral Crowe Type IV Developmental Dysplasia
Authors: Ma Hai‐yang , Lu Qiang , Sun Jing‐yang , Du Yin‐qiao , Shen Jun‐min , Gao Zhi‐sen , Lu Shi‐bi , Zhou Yong‐gang
Published: November 2020

Objective

The aim of the present paper was to evaluate the results of one‐stage total hip arthroplasty (THA) for patients with bilateral Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).

Methods

Data for 58 patients (116 hips) with bilateral Crowe type IV DDH who had one‐stage THA performed by the same surgeon during the period of April 2008 to February 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The mean age of the patients was 37.3 years; 5 were men and 53 were women. All patients underwent THA through the posterolateral approach using the Pinnacle acetabular cup, a ceramic‐on‐ceramic bearing, and the modular S‐ROM stem. Subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy was performed on 86/116 hips. Intraoperative conditions were recorded. Radiographic and functional outcomes were evaluated, and complications were recorded.

Results

All patients were followed up for an average of 71.3 ± 37.6 months (range, 12–140). The mean operative time was 276.5 ± 57.9 min (range, 175–540). The mean intraoperative blood loss was 933.6 ± 400.8 mL (range, 300–2000). The mean transfusion requirement was 1778 ± 798.0 mL (range, 575–4550). The mean length of hospital stay was 8.6 ± 3.7 days (range, 5–22). At the final follow‐up, no loosening of acetabular and femoral components was observed. No osteolysis and heterotopic ossification occurred. The mean Harris hip scores were improved from 55.4 ± 14.3 preoperatively to 91.3 ± 4.2 postoperatively (P < 0.001) In terms of complications, no perioperative deaths were recorded. Deep vein thrombosis occurred in 1 hip, with no pulmonary embolism. Intraoperative femur fracture occurred in 3 hips, nerve injury in 1 hip, and leg length discrepancy in 1 patient. Postoperative dislocation occurred in 5 hips and nonunion in 1 hip.

Conclusion

Our data demonstrated that one‐stage bilateral THA for bilateral Crowe type IV DDH is feasible and can effectively restore hip function.
Caring for the caregiver following an adverse event
Authors: Tanabe Kenji , Janosy Norah , Vogeli Jo , Brainard Alison , Whitney Gina
Published: November 2020

In this article, we review the potential for adverse impacts on the clinician following a medical error or poor clinical outcome. Second victim syndrome, its symptoms, risk factors, natural history, and possible outcomes are described. We also discuss the important role of organizational leadership and culture and highlight possible programmatic interventions designed to support clinicians following an adverse event.
Efficacy and safety of 0.0584% hydrocortisone aceponate topical spray and systemic oclacitinib combination therapy in dogs with atopic dermatitis: a randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Takahashi Junko , Kanda Satoko , Imanishi Ichiro , Hisano Tadashi , Fukamachi Teruyasu , Taguchi Norihito , Momiyama Shoko , Nishiyama Satoshi , Motegi Tomoki , Iyori Keita
Published: November 2020

Background

Oclacitinib is an effective systemic therapy for dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD). Few studies have evaluated concurrent topical treatment with oclacitinib in dogs.

Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy of oclacitinib and 0.0584% hydrocortisone aceponate (HCA) spray in dogs with AD.

Animals

Eighteen dogs with AD.

Methods and materials

This study was a randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled trial. All dogs were treated with oclacitinib (0.4–0.6 mg/kg twice daily for 14 days, then once daily for 14 days) and randomized to receive either HCA spray or placebo spray, applied once daily for seven days then every other day through to Day (D)28. Clinical assessments included the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI‐4) and the pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS) every seven days, and blood and urine tests every 14 days.

Results

The mean CADESI‐4 and PVAS scores were significantly reduced on D7 and D14 compared to D0 in both groups (P < 0.05). From D14 to D21, CADESI‐4 and PVAS scores were significantly increased in the placebo group (P < 0.005), and not in the HCA‐treated group. The mean reduction from baseline of the HCA‐treated group was significantly higher than that of the placebo group for the PVAS and CADESI‐4 on D21 (59.9% versus 27.6%, P = 0.0216) and D28 (56.0% versus 30.5%, P = 0.0109), respectively. One dog in the HCA‐treated group was withdrawn as a consequence of developing diarrhoea.

Conclusion

Topical application of 0.0584% HCA spray may be useful for preventing exacerbation of pruritus and clinical lesions when tapering oclacitinib therapy in dogs with AD.
Modeling the Hydrogen Effect on the Constitutive Response of a Low Carbon Steel in Cyclic Loading
Authors: Hosseini Zahra S. , Dadfarnia Mohsen , Nagao Akihide , Kubota Masanobu , Somerday Brian P. , Ritchie Robert O. , Sofronis Petros
Published: November 2020

Hydrogen-accelerated fatigue crack growth is a most severe manifestation of hydrogen embrittlement. A mechanistic and predictive model is still lacking partly due to the lack of a descriptive constitutive model of the hydrogen/material interaction at the macroscale under cyclic loading. Such a model could be used to assess the nature of the stress and strain fields in the neighborhood of a crack, a development that could potentially lead to the association of these fields with proper macroscopic parameters. Toward this goal, a constitutive model for cyclic response should be capable of capturing hardening or softening under cyclic straining or ratcheting under stress-controlled testing. In this work, we attempt a constitutive description by using data from uniaxial strain-controlled cyclic loading and stress-controlled ratcheting tests with a low carbon steel, Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) SM490YB, conducted in air and 1 MPa H2 gas environment at room temperature. We explore the Chaboche constitutive model which is a nonlinear kinematic hardening model that was developed as an extension to the Frederick and Armstrong model, and propose an approach to calibrate the parameters involved. From the combined experimental data and the calibrated Chaboche model, we may conclude that hydrogen decreases the yield stress and the amount of cyclic hardening. On the other hand, hydrogen increases ratcheting, the rate of cyclic hardening, and promotes stronger recovery.
Electromagnetic Forming and Perforation of Tubes: Modeling, Simulation, and Validation
Authors: Pawar Sagar , Ray Dinesh , Kore Sachin D. , Nandy Arup
Published: November 2020

Electromagnetic forming and perforation (EMFP) is an innovative practice where magnetic forces are used for simultaneous forming and perforation operation. This method is complex, which involves a high strain rate as well as high transformation velocities. It is carried out in a short duration of time, and it includes multiple operations, which increases the complexity in understanding the shearing and forming behavior of the material. To understand this behavior, coupled and non-coupled simulation models have been developed and compared with experimental results. Material and failure models are used for simulating the material behavior at a high strain rate. At lower discharge energy, the coupled model failed to capture the initiation of perforation, but numerical results are found 96% in agreement with experimental results. While on the other hand, on the same discharge energy, non-coupled simulation shows 94% agreement and it succeeded in capturing the initiation of perforation. The von-Mises stresses found in all cases are more than 4e+08 Pa which is found higher than the ultimate strength of the material which is resulting in shearing. The failure patterns obtained in finite element analysis (FEA) simulation for both pointed and concave punch perforation show good agreement with general finding in experiments which shows the prediction capability of developed models.
Scaling Considerations for Thermal and Pressure-Sensitive Paint Methods Used to Determine Adiabatic Effectiveness
Authors: McNamara Luke J. , Fischer Jacob P. , Rutledge James L. , Polanka Marc D.
Published: November 2020

To be representative of engine conditions, a measurement of film cooling behavior with an experiment must involve matching certain nondimensional parameters, such as freestream Reynolds number. However, the coolant flowrate must also be scaled between the experiments and engine conditions to accurately predict film cooling effectiveness. This process is complicated by gas property variation with temperature. Additionally, selection of the appropriate coolant flowrate parameter to scale from low to high temperatures is a topic of continued uncertainty. Furthermore, experiments are commonly conducted using thermal measurement techniques with infrared thermography (IR), but the use of pressure-sensitive paints (PSPs) implementing the heat-mass transfer analogy is also common. Thus, the question arises of how the adiabatic effectiveness distributions compare between mass transfer experimental methods and thermal experimental methods and whether these two methods are sensitive to coolant flowrate parameters in different ways. In this study, a thermal technique with IR was compared with a heat-mass transfer method with a PSP on a flat plate model with a 7-7-7 film cooling hole. While adiabatic effectiveness is best scaled by accounting for specific heats with the advective capacity ratio (ACR) using thermal techniques, results revealed that PSP measurements are scaled best with the mass flux ratio (M). The difference in these methods has significant implications for engine designers that rely on PSP experimental data to predict engine thermal behavior as PSP is fundamentally not sensitive to the same relevant physical mechanisms to which thermal methods are sensitive.
An Investigation on Forced Convection in Clearance of Corotating Disks With Diverging Laminar Flow
Authors: Singh Achhaibar , Singh D. K.
Published: November 2020

In this work, forced convection in the laminar outflow between two disks is predicted. The disks can be corotating or contrarotating with equal or with different angular velocities. A published closed form solution is used to model the forced convection. The simplified energy equation is discretized using a finite difference method. The discretized equation is solved using the tridiagnal matrix algorithm (TDMA). Results are obtained for a heat flux as well as a specified temperature boundary condition and are presented for various flow parameters such as throughflow Reynolds number, rotational Reynolds number, gap ratio and speed ratio. The parameters except the speed ratio affect the temperature field strongly. The computed Nusselt number is in good agreement with the published experimental data. The coupling of closed form solution and energy equation predicts temperature field accurately. Additionally, the solution procedure is simplified considerably and the solution is obtained with lesser computational resources.
Design of a Pulsing Flow Driven Turbine
Authors: Fernelius Mark H. , Gorrell Steven E.
Published: November 2020

There is widespread interest in using pressure gain combustion in gas turbine engines to increase gas turbine engine efficiency and reduce fuel consumption. However, the fluctuating turbine inlet conditions inherent with pressure gain combustion cause a decrease in turbine efficiency. Designing a turbine for pulsing flow would counteract these losses. An optimization of turbine geometry for pulsing flow was conducted with entropy generation as the objective function. A surrogate model was used for the optimizations based on data extracted from two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations. Optimizations run for different pulsing amplitudes informed a revised turbine design. The new turbine geometry was validated with a periodic, time-accurate simulation, and a decrease in entropy generation of 35% was demonstrated. The design recommendations were to weight the design of the turbine toward the peak of the pressure pulse, to consider the range of inlet angles and decrease the camber near the leading edge, and to reduce the blade turning.
Prediction of Ultra-Lean Spark Ignition Engine Performances by Quasi-Dimensional Combustion Model With a Refined Laminar Flame Speed Correlation
Authors: Sok Ratnak , Yamaguchi Kyohei , Kusaka Jin
Published: November 2020

The turbulent combustion in gasoline engines is highly dependent on laminar flame speed SL. A major issue of the quasi-dimensional (QD) combustion model is an accurate prediction of the SL, which is unstable under low engine speeds and ultra-lean mixture. This work investigates the applicability of the combustion model with a refined SL correlation for evaluating the combustion characteristics of a high-tumble port gasoline engine operated under ultra-lean mixtures. The SL correlation is modified and validated for a five-component gasoline surrogate. Predicted SL values from the conventional and refined functions are compared with measurements taken from a constant-volume chamber under micro-gravity conditions. The SL data are measured at reference and elevated conditions. The results show that the conventional SL overpredicts the flame speeds under all conditions. Moreover, the conventional model predicts negative SL at equivalence ratio ϕ ≤ 0.3 and ϕ ≥ 1.9, while the revised SL is well validated against the measurements. The improved SL correlation is incorporated into the QD combustion model by a user-defined function. The engine data are measured at 1000–2000 rpm under engine load net indicated mean effective pressure (IMEPn) = 0.4–0.8 MPa and ϕ = 0.5. The predicted engine performances and combustions are well validated with the measured data, and the model sensitivity analysis also shows a good agreement with the engine experiments under cycle-by-cycle variations.
Comparative study on formation of protein coronas under three different serum origins
Authors: Lee Sun Young , Son Jin Gyeong , Moon Jeong Hee , Joh Sunho , Lee Tae Geol
Published: November 2020

Nanomaterials form a complex called “protein corona” by contacting with protein-containing biological fluids such as serum when they are exposed to physiological environments. The characteristics of these proteins, which are one of the substantial factors in cellular response, are affected by the interactions between the nanomaterials and the biological systems. Many studies have investigated the biological behaviors of nanomaterials by conducting experiments in vitro and in vivo; however, the origin of the biological materials used is rather inconsistent. This is due to the fact that the composition of the protein coronas may differ depending on the animal origin, not on the composition or size of the nanoparticles. The resulting differences in the composition of the protein coronas can lead to different conclusions. To identify the differences in protein corona formation among sera of different species, we investigated protein coronas of gold and silica nanoparticles in serum obtained from various species. Using comparative proteomic analysis, common proteins adsorbed onto each nanoparticle among the three different sera were identified as highly abundant proteins in the serum. These findings indicate that protein corona formation is dependent on the serum population rather than the size or type of the nanoparticles. Additionally, in the physiological classification of protein coronas, human serum (HS) was found to be rich in apolipoproteins. In conclusion, our data indicate that HS components are different from those of bovine or mouse, indicating that the serum species origin should be carefully considered when selecting a biological fluid.
Hydrogen escape from Mars is driven by seasonal and dust storm transport of water
Authors: Stone Shane W. , Yelle Roger V. , Benna Mehdi , Lo Daniel Y. , Elrod Meredith K. , Mahaffy Paul R.
Published: November 2020

Dust storms cause Mars to lose water

Mars was once a wet planet, but it has lost most of its water through reactions that produce hydrogen, which escapes from the upper atmosphere into space. Stone
et al.
used data from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution spacecraft to study how water is transported to the upper atmosphere and converted to hydrogen. They found that water can reach higher altitudes than previously thought, especially during global or regional dust storms. Photochemical modeling shows that this process dominates the current loss of water from Mars and influenced the evolution of its climate.

Science
, this issue p.
824
Caloric materials for cooling and heating
Authors: Moya X. , Mathur N. D.
Published: November 2020

Magnetically driven thermal changes in magnetocaloric materials have, for several decades, been exploited to pump heat near room temperature. By contrast, their electrocaloric and mechanocaloric counterparts have only been intensively studied and exploited for little more than a decade. These different caloric strands have recently been unified to yield a single field of research that could help combat climate change by generating better heat pumps for both cooling and heating. Here we outline the timeliness of the present activity and discuss recent advances in caloric measurements, materials, and prototypes.
Optically addressable molecular spins for quantum information processing
Authors: Bayliss S. L. , Laorenza D. W. , Mintun P. J. , Kovos B. D. , Freedman D. E. , Awschalom D. D.
Published: November 2020

Molecular qubits that respond to light

Spins in solid-state systems such as quantum dots and defect centers in diamond can easily be controlled by light for use in quantum information processing. More challenging is tuning their properties and making large arrays, something that can be done more easily with spins in molecules. Bayliss
et al.
combined the advantages of the two approaches by designing and characterizing three related molecular species that are optically addressable. The molecules consist of a central chromium ion surrounded by organic ligands, and their spin and optical properties can be tailored by simply changing the positions of methyl groups on the ligands.

Science
, this issue p.
1309
The Inflammasome Components NLRP3 and ASC Act in Concert with IRGM To Rearrange the Golgi Apparatus during Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Daussy Coralie F. , Monard Sarah C. , Guy Coralie , Muñoz-González Sara , Chazal Maxime , Anthonsen Marit W. , Jouvenet Nolwenn , Henry Thomas , Dreux Marlène , Meurs Eliane F. , Hansen Marianne Doré
Published: November 2020

Numerous pathogens can affect cellular homeostasis and organelle dynamics. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) triggers Golgi fragmentation through the immunity-related GTPase M (IRGM), a resident Golgi protein, to enhance its lipid supply for replication.
Capsid Structure of
Leishmania
RNA Virus 1
Authors: Procházková Michaela , Füzik Tibor , Grybchuk Danyil , Falginella Francesco Luca , Podešvová Lucie , Yurchenko Vyacheslav , Vácha Robert , Plevka Pavel
Published: November 2020

Twelve million people worldwide suffer from leishmaniasis, resulting in more than 30 thousand deaths annually. The disease has several variants that differ in their symptoms.
Recognising and dealing with illthrift in ewes
Authors: Busin Valentina
Published: November 2020

Background

Unfortunately, illthrift in ewes is a problem that vets are faced with very often. Illthrift represents both a health and a welfare concern – under‐conditioned sheep do not receive enough food (which is against the freedom from hunger and thirst under the Animal Welfare Act 2006), and/or are affected by disease (which is against the freedom from pain, injury and disease under the Animal Welfare Act 2006). Illthrift in ewes also represents a significant barrier to profitability – to be profitable, a flock must be optimising the efficiency of conversion of the primary feeding source into marketable products (ie, meat, milk or wool). Therefore, it is key that all of these implications of illthrift are addressed as soon as possible to achieve the best outcome for the animals and the farmers.

Aim of the article

This article provides an overview on the importance of illthrift in flock profitability, how to recognise an illthrift problem, what the main causes of illthrift are, and how to intervene for a successful outcome for the clients, their animals and the vet. The emphasis of this article will be on flock medicine; the principles of investigations and causes of disease will vary in individual animals. Subsequently, a modified list of differentials should be considered on a case‐by‐case basis.
Fluid biomarkers in frontotemporal dementia: past, present and future
Authors: Swift Imogen Joanna , Sogorb-Esteve Aitana , Heller Carolin , Synofzik Matthis , Otto Markus , Graff Caroline , Galimberti Daniela , Todd Emily , Heslegrave Amanda J , van der Ende Emma Louise , Van Swieten John Cornelis , Zetterberg Henrik , Rohrer Jonathan Daniel
Published: November 2020

The frontotemporal dementia (FTD) spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders includes a heterogeneous group of conditions. However, following on from a series of important molecular studies in the early 2000s, major advances have now been made in the understanding of the pathological and genetic underpinnings of the disease. In turn, alongside the development of novel methodologies for measuring proteins and other molecules in biological fluids, the last 10 years have seen a huge increase in biomarker studies within FTD. This recent past has focused on attempting to develop markers that will help differentiate FTD from other dementias (particularly Alzheimer’s disease (AD)), as well as from non-neurodegenerative conditions such as primary psychiatric disorders. While cerebrospinal fluid, and more recently blood, markers of AD have been successfully developed, specific markers identifying primary tauopathies or TDP-43 proteinopathies are still lacking. More focus at the moment has been on non-specific markers of neurodegeneration, and in particular, multiple studies of neurofilament light chain have highlighted its importance as a diagnostic, prognostic and staging marker of FTD. As clinical trials get under way in specific genetic forms of FTD, measures of progranulin and dipeptide repeat proteins in biofluids have become important potential measures of therapeutic response. However, understanding of whether drugs restore cellular function will also be important, and studies of key pathophysiological processes, including neuroinflammation, lysosomal function and synaptic health, are also now becoming more common. There is much still to learn in the fluid biomarker field in FTD, but the creation of large multinational cohorts is facilitating better powered studies and will pave the way for larger omics studies, including proteomics, metabolomics and lipidomics, as well as investigations of multimodal biomarker combinations across fluids, brain imaging and other domains. Here we provide an overview of the past, present and future of fluid biomarkers within the FTD field.
Endovascular thrombectomy in patients with large core ischemic stroke: a cost-effectiveness analysis from the SELECT study
Authors: Sarraj Amrou , Pizzo Elena , Lobotesis Kyriakos , Grotta James C , Hassan Ameer E , Abraham Michael G , Blackburn Spiros , Day Arthur L , Dannenbaum Mark J , Hicks William , Vora Nirav A , Budzik Ronald F , Sharrief Anjail Z , Martin-Schild Sheryl , Sitton Clark W , Pujara Deep Kiritbhai , Lansberg Maarten G , Gupta Rishi , Albers Gregory W , Kunz Wolfgang G
Published: November 2020

Background

It is unknown whether endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is cost effective in large ischemic core infarcts.

Methods

In the prospective, multicenter, cohort study of imaging selection study (SELECT), large core was defined as computed tomography (CT) ASPECTS<6 or computed tomography perfusion (CTP) ischemic core volume (rCBF<30%) ≥50 cc. A Markov model estimated costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of EVT compared with medical management (MM) over lifetime. The willingness to pay (WTP) per QALY was set at $50 000 and $100 000 and the net monetary benefits (NMB) were calculated. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) and cost-effectiveness acceptability curves (CEAC) for EVT were assessed in SELECT and other pivotal trials.

Results

From 361 patients enrolled in SELECT, 105 had large core on CT or CTP (EVT 62, MM 43). 19 (31%) EVT vs 6 (14%) MM patients achieved modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0–2 (OR 3.27, 95% CI 1.11 to 9.62, P=0.03) with a shift towards better mRS (cOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.05 to 4.31, P=0.04). Over the projected lifetime of patients presenting with large core, EVT led to incremental costs of $33 094 and a gain of 1.34 QALYs per patient, resulting in ICER of $24 665 per QALY. EVT has a higher NMB compared with MM at lower (EVT -$42 747, MM -$76 740) and upper (EVT $155 041, MM $57 134) WTP thresholds. PSA confirmed the results and CEAC showed 77% and 92% acceptability of EVT at the WTP of $50 000 and $100 000, respectively. EVT was associated with an increment of $29 225 in societal costs. The pivotal EVT trials (HERMES, DAWN, DEFUSE 3) were dominant in a sensitivity analysis at the same inputs, with societal cost-savings of $37 901, $86 164 and $22 501 and a gain of 1.62, 2.36 and 2.21 QALYs, respectively.

Conclusions

In a non-randomized prospective cohort study, EVT resulted in better outcomes in large core patients with higher QALYs, NMB and high cost-effectiveness acceptability rates at current WTP thresholds. Randomized trials are needed to confirm these results.

Clinical trial registration

NCT02446587
Restricted classes of veronese type ideals and algebras
Authors: Dinu Rodica , Herzog Jürgen , Qureshi Ayesha Asloob
Published: November 2020

We study ideals which are generated by monomials of degree [Formula: see text] in the polynomial ring in [Formula: see text] variables and which satisfy certain numerical side conditions regarding their exponents. Typical examples of such ideals are the ideals of Veronese type, squarefree Veronese ideals or [Formula: see text]-spread Veronese ideals. In this paper we focus on [Formula: see text]-bounded [Formula: see text]-spread Veronese ideals and on Veronese ideals of bounded support. Their powers as well as their fiber cone are also considered.
Artificial Intelligence, Predictive Policing, and Risk Assessment for Law Enforcement
Authors: Berk Richard A.
Published: November 2020

There are widespread concerns about the use of artificial intelligence in law enforcement. Predictive policing and risk assessment are salient examples. Worries include the accuracy of forecasts that guide both activities, the prospect of bias, and an apparent lack of operational transparency. Nearly breathless media coverage of artificial intelligence helps shape the narrative. In this review, we address these issues by first unpacking depictions of artificial intelligence. Its use in predictive policing to forecast crimes in time and space is largely an exercise in spatial statistics that in principle can make policing more effective and more surgical. Its use in criminal justice risk assessment to forecast who will commit crimes is largely an exercise in adaptive, nonparametric regression. It can in principle allow law enforcement agencies to better provide for public safety with the least restrictive means necessary, which can mean far less use of incarceration. None of this is mysterious. Nevertheless, concerns about accuracy, fairness, and transparency are real, and there are tradeoffs between them for which there can be no technical fix. You can't have it all. Solutions will be found through political and legislative processes achieving an acceptable balance between competing priorities.
Consequences of Asking Sensitive Questions in Surveys
Authors: Yan Ting
Published: November 2020

I review selected articles from the survey methodology literature on the consequences of asking sensitive questions in censuses and surveys, using a total survey error (TSE) framework. I start with definitions of sensitive questions and move to examination of the impact of including sensitive questions on various sources of survey error—specifically, survey respondents’ willingness to participate in a survey (unit nonresponse), their willingness to respond to next rounds of interviews (wave nonresponse), their likelihood to provide an answer to sensitive questions after agreeing to participate in the survey (item nonresponse), and the accuracy of respondents’ answers to sensitive questions (measurement error). I also review the simultaneous impact of sensitive questions on multiple sources of error in survey estimates and discuss strategies to mitigate the impact of asking sensitive questions on measurement errors. I conclude with a summary and suggestions for future research.
Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3−δ
Surface Modification of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ
-Ce0.9Gd0.12−δ
Composite Oxygen Electrodes for Solid Oxide Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Lu Matthew Y. , Yang Tianrang , Scipioni Roberto , Chart Yvonne. A , Furlong Alexander , Barnett Scott A.
Published: November 2020

La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ
-Ce0.9Gd0.1O2−δ
(LSCF-GDC) composite oxygen electrodes have been widely used in intermediate temperature (<700 °C) solid oxide cells, with composite usually providing better electrochemical performance than single-phase LSCF. However, LSCF-based electrodes are often observed to degrade over time due to Sr segregation. Here we present an impedance spectroscopy study comparing the degradation behaviors of LSCF-GDC and Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3−δ
(SSC) infiltrated LSCF-GDC electrodes. The LSCF-GDC polarization resistance increases by ∼5 times over ∼1000 h at 650 °C. In contrast, the SSC-infiltrated electrode shows similar initial polarization resistance but much more stable performance. The impedance modeling results show that the improved stability is associated with the low frequency oxygen dissociative adsorption/desorption process. The results suggest that this adsorption/desorption process slows due to increased Sr segregation on LSCF over time, and that SSC does not degrade significantly due to Sr surface segregation.
Coronary remodeling and biomechanics: Are we going with the flow in 2020?
Authors: McCallinhart Patricia E. , Scandling Benjamin W. , Trask Aaron J.
Published: November 2020

Under normal conditions, coronary blood flow (CBF) provides critical blood supply to the myocardium so that it can appropriately meet the metabolic demands of the body. Dogmatically, there exist several known regulators and modulators of CBF that include local metabolites and neurohormonal factors that can influence the function of the coronary circulation. In disease states such as diabetes and myocardial ischemia, these regulators are impaired or shifted such that CBF is reduced. Although functional considerations have been and continued to be well studied, more recent evidence builds upon established studies that collectively suggest that the relative roles of coronary structure, biomechanics, and the influence of cardiac biomechanics via extravascular compression may also play a significant role in dictating CBF. In this mini review, we discuss these regulators of CBF under normal and pathophysiological conditions and their potential influence on the control of CBF.
Research on Wireless Sensor Network Security Location Based on Received Signal Strength Indicator Sybil Attack
Authors: Wang Hongbin , Feng Liping
Published: November 2020

This paper studies the security location mechanism of the sensor network node under the attack of Sybil and analyzes the safe attacks which are possibly accepted and safe requirement in the location system. Since RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) possesses the energy transmission function, different transmission energy will cause it to produce different RSSI readings. Furthermore, this kind of method cannot increase the burden on Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). It conducts an analysis between two receiving nodes, compares RSSI ratios to tickle the problem of time inconsistency of RSSI, and sets a threshold to detect Sybil by the emulation results. Research shows that the ratio value of different receiving nodes by using RSSI can resolve time difference because of the RSSI or unreliability which results from the asymmetry of transmission ratio. The thesis makes a comparison that the number of receiving nodes has an influence on attack effect. Utilizing the RSSI ratio values can exactly detect the Sybil attack. Emulation findings demonstrate that the detection method put forward by the thesis owns better security.
Grisel’s Syndrome in Children: Two Case Reports and Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Pini Nicole , Ceccoli Martina , Bergonzini Patrizia , Iughetti Lorenzo
Published: November 2020

Background and Objective. Grisel’s syndrome is a rare syndrome characterized by nontraumatic rotatory subluxation of the atlantoaxial joint. It usually affects children and typically presents with torticollis after ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgery or head and neck infections. In the pediatric literature, there is only a small amount of available data; moreover, no systematic review has been previously done with focus on the pediatric population. We report our experience of two cases, and we provide a systematic review on Grisel’s syndrome in children in order to offer a deeper insight about its clinical presentation, its current diagnosis, and principles of treatment. Case Reports and Review. We describe two boys of 9 and 8 years old, who developed atlantoaxial subluxation after adenoidectomy. Considering the early diagnosis, a conservative treatment was chosen, with no recurrence and no sequelae at follow-up. We identified 114 case reports, of which 90 describe children, for a total of 171 pediatric patients. Of the 154 cases in which cause was reported, 59.7% presented a head and neck infection and 35.7% had previous head and neck surgery. There is no sex prevalence (49.7% males versus 50.2% females). Mean delay in diagnosis is 33 days. Eight % of the patients had neurological impairment of the 165 cases which mentioned treatment, 96% underwent a conservative treatment, of whom the 8.8% recurred with the need of surgery. As a whole, 12% underwent surgery as a first- or second-line treatment. 3 6% of the patients whose follow-up was reported developed a sequela, minor limitation of neck movement being the most frequent. Conclusion. Grisel’s syndrome should be suspected in children with painful unresponsive torticollis following ENT procedures or head and neck inflammation. CT scan with 3D reconstruction is the gold standard for diagnosis, allowing the identification of the subluxation and the classification according to the Fielding–Hawkins grading system. Surgical treatment is indicated in case of high-grade instability or failure of conservative treatment. Review of the literature shows how early diagnosis based on clinical and radiological evaluation is crucial in order to avoid surgical treatment and neurologic sequelae.
A Theoretical and Experimental Study on Esterification of Citric Acid with the Primary Alcohols and the Hydroxyl Groups of Cellulose Chain (n = 1-2) in Parched Condition
Authors: Nguyen Dang T. , Pham Quan T.
Published: November 2020

Esterification of citric acid (CA) with the primary alcohols and the hydroxyl groups of cellulose chain (n = 1-2) in parched condition were investigated by using density functional theory (DFT) method and a two-layer ONIOM approach. Geometry and energy of reactants, products, and transition state (TS) structures were optimized at B3LYP/6-311g (d, p) level and ONIOM (B3LYP/6-311g (d, p):PM3MM) level. The computational results show that the esterification occurs in the two main steps: the first step is the dehydration reaction of CA to form anhydrides of 5-membered ring and 6-membered ring and the second step is the ring opening reaction with the hydroxyl –OH groups to form the ester products. The energy barrier of dehydration reaction step is much higher than that of ring opening reaction step. Effect of substituent R in primary alcohol R-CH2OH (R: CH=CH2, CH2NHCH3, CH2OCH3, CH2Cl) and cellulose chain (1G, 2G) on the reactivity, which has negative inductive effect –I, is significant. The combination of calculation data and experiment data were applied to make findings more rigorous. The activation energy of CA was determined by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric (TG) analysis to beEaexp = 47.8 kcal/mol; the experimental data favoured the dehydration reaction step of CA.
Peroneal Nerve Palsy due to Bulky Osteochondroma from the Fibular Head: A Rare Case and Literature Review
Authors: Cherrad T. , Bennani M. , Zejjari H. , Louaste J. , Amhajji L.
Published: November 2020

Common peroneal neuropathy is the most common compressive neuropathy in the lower extremities. The anatomical relationship of the fibular head with the peroneal nerve explains entrapment in this location. We report the case of a 14-year-old boy admitted with a left foot drop. The diagnosis was an osteochondroma of the proximal fibula compressing the common peroneal nerve. The patient underwent surgical decompression of the nerve and resection of the exostosis. Three months postoperatively, there was a complete recovery of the deficits. The association of osteochondroma and peroneal nerve palsy is rare. Early diagnosis is required in order to adjust the management and improve the results. It is worth to underscore that surgical resection is proven to be the appropriate treatment method ensuring high success rates.
A Rare Case of Contralateral Diaphragm Paralysis following Birth Injury with Brachial Plexus Palsy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Reiter Audra J. , Rizeq Yazan K. , Many Benjamin T. , Vacek Jonathan C. , Abdullah Fizan , Goldstein Seth D.
Published: November 2020

Clinical History. A 4.4 kg male was born to a 25-year-old, G2P1, nondiabetic woman at 39 and 5/7 weeks. Delivery was complicated by shoulder dystocia requiring forceps-assisted vaginal delivery, resulting in left arm Erb’s palsy secondary to left brachial plexus injury. He was born with low muscle tone and bradycardia and subsequently required intubation for poor respiratory effort. He was extubated on day one of life but continued to be tachypneic and have borderline oxygen saturation, requiring intensive care. Chest radiographs demonstrated a progressive clearing of his lung fields, consistent with presumptively diagnosed meconium aspiration. However, a persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm was noted, and his tachypnea and increased work of breathing continued. Focused ultrasound of the diaphragm was performed, confirming decreased motion of the right hemidiaphragm. Following a multidisciplinary discussion, thoracoscopic right diaphragm plication was performed on the 33rd day of life. He was extubated postoperatively and subsequently weaned to room air with a notable decrease in tachypnea over 48 hours. He was discharged on postoperative day 12 and continues to thrive at 6 months of age without respiratory embarrassment. Purpose. Ipsilateral phrenic nerve injury with diaphragm paralysis from shoulder dystocia during vaginal delivery is a recognized phenomenon. Herein, we present a case of contralateral diaphragm paralysis in order to draw attention to the clinician that this discordance is possible. Key Points. According to Raimbault et al., clinical management of newborns who experience birth injury is a multidisciplinary effort. According to Fitting and Grassino, though most cases of phrenic nerve injuries are ipsilateral to shoulder dystocia brachial plexus palsy, contralateral occurrence is possible and should be considered. According to Waters, diaphragm plication is a safe and effective operation.
Androgen Effects on the Adrenergic System of the Vascular, Airway, and Cardiac Myocytes and Their Relevance in Pathological Processes
Authors: Carbajal-García Abril , Reyes-García Jorge , Montaño Luis M.
Published: November 2020

Introduction. Androgen signaling comprises nongenomic and genomic pathways. Nongenomic actions are not related to the binding of the androgen receptor (AR) and occur rapidly. The genomic effects implicate the binding to a cytosolic AR, leading to protein synthesis. Both events are independent of each other. Genomic effects have been associated with different pathologies such as vascular ischemia, hypertension, asthma, and cardiovascular diseases. Catecholamines play a crucial role in regulating vascular smooth muscle (VSM), airway smooth muscle (ASM), and cardiac muscle (CM) function and tone. Objective. The aim of this review is an updated analysis of the role of androgens in the adrenergic system of vascular, airway, and cardiac myocytes. Body. Testosterone (T) favors vasoconstriction, and its concentration fluctuation during life stages can affect the vascular tone and might contribute to the development of hypertension. In the VSM, T increases α1-adrenergic receptors (α1-ARs) and decreases adenylyl cyclase expression, favoring high blood pressure and hypertension. Androgens have also been associated with asthma. During puberty, girls are more susceptible to present asthma symptoms than boys because of the increment in the plasmatic concentrations of T in young men. In the ASM, β2-ARs are responsible for the bronchodilator effect, and T augments the expression of β2-ARs evoking an increase in the relaxing response to salbutamol. The levels of T are also associated with an increment in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk. In the CM, activation of α1A-ARs and β2-ARs increases the ionotropic activity, leading to the development of contraction, and T upregulates the expression of both receptors and improves the myocardial performance. Conclusions. Androgens play an essential role in the adrenergic system of vascular, airway, and cardiac myocytes, favoring either a state of health or disease. While the use of androgens as a therapeutic tool for treating asthma symptoms or heart disease is proposed, the vascular system is warmly affected.
Energy-Limited Time-Varying Formation Control for Second-Order Multiagent Systems
Authors: Quan Wanzhen , Zhao Yulong , Wang Le , Yang Xiaogang
Published: November 2020

The energy-limited time-varying formation (ETVF) control problem of second-order multiagent systems (MAS) is addressed for both leaderless and leader-following communication topologies in this paper. Different from the previous results, the joint consideration of energy limitation and formation design is more challenging and practical. First, an ETVF control protocol is presented, and the total energy supply is pregiven and limited, which is more common in practical applications. Then, by an orthogonal transformation, the formation control problem is converted into the consensus stabilization problem for second-order leaderless MAS, where sufficient conditions for the ETVF are derived by joint design of control gains and the total energy. At the same time, the explicit formula that forms the formation center function is obtained to depict the macroscopic movement of the multiagent system as a whole. Moreover, the proposed method is also extended to the leader-following communication structure. Finally, two examples are given to verify the effectiveness of our theoretical results.
Evidence for Underregistration of Suicide
Authors: Riedinger M. A. , de Winter R. F. P.
Published: November 2020

In this case report, we will present two cases in which the Dutch municipal coroner registered a natural death, but treating psychiatrists doubted the validity of this decision on the grounds of clinical data and investigation. For both cases, we present evidence that deaths likely resulted from suicide, raising serious doubts about the accuracy of the registered cause of death. According to the WHO bulletin on suicide prevention, the national registration of suicide is unsatisfactory in many countries. The Netherlands is listed by the WHO as having one of the most accurate registration procedures. Nevertheless, there are indications that national registration, even in the Dutch system, is not infallible. In this case report, we present several ways in which the registration process is liable to error and evidence for underregistration of suicide rates.
Gasperini Syndrome: A Case Report and Systematic Review and Proposing a New Definition
Authors: Bhagat Riwaj , Narayanan Siddharth , Elnazeir Marwa , Pham Thong Diep , Friedland Robert Paul , Remmel Kerri , Liu Wei
Published: November 2020

Gasperini syndrome (GS), a rare brainstem syndrome, is featured by ipsilateral cranial nerves (CN) V–VIII dysfunction with contralateral hemibody hypoesthesia. While there have been 18 reported cases, the GS definition remains ambiguous. We report a new case and reviewed the clinical features of this syndrome from all published reports to propose a new definition. A 57-year-old man with acute brainstem stroke had right CN V–VIII and XII palsies, left body hypoesthesia and ataxia. Brain MRI showed an acute stroke in the right caudal pons and bilateral cerebellum. After a systematic review, we classified the clinical manifestations into core and associate features based on the frequencies of occurring neurological deficits. We propose that a definitive GS requires the presence of ipsilateral CN VI and VII palsies, plus one or more of the other three core features (ipsilateral CN V, VIII palsies and contralateral hemibody hemihypalgesia). Additionally, GS, similar to Wallenberg’s syndrome, represents a spectrum that can have other associated neurological features. The revised definition presented in this study may enlighten physicians with the immediate recognition of the syndrome and help improve clinical localization of the lesions and its management.
O plea bargaining no pacote anticrime: vantagens e desafios da introdução do instituto no sistema jurídico brasileiro
Authors: Garcia Fábio Henrique Falcone , Cunha Filho Alexandre Jorge Carneiro da
Published: November 2020

O presente ensaio trata do avanço da introdução do Plea Bargaining no nosso sistema jurídico, discorrendo sobre vantagens e desvantagens do instituto considerando os fins maiores da jurisdição, dentre os quais certamente não está o de conduzir pessoas inocentes a assumirem um crime que não cometeram.