bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential Photosynthetic and Proteomics Responses Between Male and Female Populus deltoides W. Bartram ex Marshall Infected by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler
Authors: Tian Huimin , Khan Yaseen , Miao Lingfeng , Yang Fan
Published: November 2024

Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler is a widespread leaf blight pathogen that disrupts many plants; including poplars. Despite its broad impact, the sex-specific responses of male and female plants to this pathogen remain poorly studied. This study investigated sex differences in the morphological; photosynthetic; and proteomic responses between male and female Populus deltoides W. Bartram ex Marshall infected with A. alternata. The results showed that the female plants had a faster onset of infection and more inhibited growth in comparison to males. In terms of photosynthetic parameters, the infected females were more severely affected, with 2 subunits in the photosynthetic electron transport chain expressed at higher levels and 12 subunits expressed at lower levels than in the infected males. Regarding the antioxidant system; the infected female plants exhibited higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents but lower antioxidant activities, with significantly lower expressions of 2 superoxide dismutases (SODs); 2 peroxidases (PODs); 2 ascorbate peroxidases (APXs); 2 glutathione peroxidases; and 4 glutathione S-transferases compared to the infected males. In the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, the expressions of shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase and ferulate-5-hydroxylase were upregulated in both male and female plants after infection. However, the expression of shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase in female plants was consistently higher, while the expression of caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase was lower in females compared to males. These indicate that A. alternata infection induces significant alterations in the photosynthetic capacity; antioxidant system; and phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway in both male and female poplars. Moreover, bimodal regulation was observed, with male poplars demonstrating greater stability in both photosynthetic and antioxidant systems.
Carbon Sequestration at Different Stages of Succession During Pine (Pinus sylvestris) Afforestation of Abandoned Lands
Authors: Belan Larisa , Bogdan Ekaterina , Suleymanov Ruslan , Fedorov Nikolay , Shirokikh Pavel , Suleymanov Azamat , Vildanov Ildar , Sayfullin Irik , Tuktarova Iren , Bakhtiyarova Roza , Zaitsev Gleb , Fayruzov Ilshat , Vitsenko Anastasia
Published: November 2024

This study investigated carbon sequestration potential in reforesting agricultural lands with prevalence of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in the “Nasibash” site of the Eurasian Carbon Polygon, located in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. The research focused on analyzing carbon stocks in different ecosystem components (tree stand, herbaceous layer, litter, and soil) across various stages of succession, including fallow land, hayfield, and four stages of Scots pine reforestation. We found that needles during the first stage of succession were characterized by the highest carbon sequestration, while the lowest was in underground phytomass (roots). The tree stand exhibited a higher potential for carbon sequestration in stem wood, branches, and needles compared to other components. The highest carbon accumulation in the tree layer was observed in the stem phytomass at the fourth stage of reforestation, while the highest phytomass accumulation in the herbaceous layer was in the root mass at the fourth stage of succession. The study revealed that the highest organic carbon content in the topsoil layer was observed in areas dominated by herbaceous vegetation, with a decrease in carbon content as the stage of succession increased. The highest carbon content was found in tree pines at the first stage of succession. The research highlighted the importance of considering conversion factors for different stages of reforestation, as the average carbon content in vegetation was 20% higher than the approved conversion factors for young tree stands. Overall, the study demonstrates the significant potential of Scots pine reforestation on former agricultural lands for carbon. The findings suggest that these territories play a decisive role in future environmental and climate projects, contributing to the decarbonization efforts.
Assessment and Optimization of Forest Aboveground Biomass in Liaoning Province
Authors: Huang Jiapeng , Cao Xinyue
Published: November 2024

Forests are the largest terrestrial carbon reservoirs and the most cost-effective carbon sinks. Accurate estimation of forest aboveground biomass (AGB) can significantly reduce uncertainty in carbon stock assessments. However, due to the limitations of timely and reliable forestry surveys, as well as high-resolution remote sensing data, mapping high-resolution and spatially continuous forest AGB remains challenging. The Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) is a remote sensing mission led by NASA, aimed at obtaining global forest three-dimensional structural information through LiDAR data, and has become an important tool for estimating forest structural parameters at regional scales. In 2019, the GEDI L4A product was introduced to improve AGB estimation accuracy. Currently, forest AGB maps in China have not been consistently evaluated, and research on biomass at the provincial level is still limited. Moreover, scaling GEDI’s footprint-based data to regional-scale gridded data remains a pressing issue. In this study, to verify the accuracy of GEDI L4A data and the reliability of the filtering parameters, the filtered GEDI L4A data were extracted and validated against airborne data, resulting in a Pearson correlation coefficient (ρ) of 0.69 (p < 0.001, statistically significant). This confirms the reliability of both the GEDI L4A data and the proposed filtering parameters. Taking Liaoning Province as an example, this study evaluated three forest AGB maps (Yang’s, Su’s, and Zhang’s maps), which were obtained as nationwide AGB product maps, using GEDI L4A data. The comparison with Su’s map yields the highest ρ value of 0.61. To enhance comparison accuracy, Kriging spatial interpolation was applied to the extracted GEDI footprint data, yielding continuous data. This ρ value increased to 0.75 when compared with Su’s map, with significant increases also observed against Yang’s and Zhang’s maps. The study further proposes a method to subtract the extracted GEDI data from the AGB values of the three maps, followed by Kriging interpolation, resulting in ρ values of 0.70, 0.80, and 0.69 for comparisons with Yang’s, Su’s, and Zhang’s maps, respectively. Additionally, comparisons with field measurements from the Mudanjiang Ecological Research Station yielded ρ values of 0.66, 0.65, and 0.50, indicating substantial improvements over direct comparisons. All the ρ values were statistically significant (p < 0.001). This study also conducted comparisons across different cities and forest cover types. The results indicate that cities in eastern Liaoning Province, such as Dalian and Anshan, which have larger forest cover areas, produced better results. Among the different forest types, evergreen needle-leaved forests and deciduous needle-leaved forests yielded better results.
Recent Advancements in the Emission Characteristics of Forest Ground Smoldering Combustion
Authors: Tang Shuyuan , Shan Yanlong , Yin Sainan , Cao Lili , Chen Xiang , Xie Wenjun , Yu Miaoxin , Feng Shilong
Published: November 2024

The occurrence of forest ground smoldering combustion has been increasingly frequent in recent years, resulting in significant emissions that have a detrimental impact on the ecological environment. Current research on smoldering emissions, however, is relatively scarce and fragmented across the fields of ecology, environmental protection, medicine, and forestry. The present paper offers a comprehensive review of the research methodologies employed in emissions, emission quantification results, the correlation between emissions and fire behaviors, and the potential for identifying smoldering combustion through emissions. Due to various factors such as the research region, characteristics of the samples, and experimental methods, it becomes challenging to arrive at comprehensive and accurate conclusions regarding the carbon cycle, dynamics of smoke plumes, and toxicological hazards. The limited research on the correlation between emissions and fire behaviors hampers the development and application of smoldering combustion identification technology based on emissions. It is suggested that standardized and universal methods for studying emissions should be popularized among researchers. In addition, the research on the correlation between emission characteristics and combustion temperature, spread direction, and spread velocity needs to be further strengthened.
Branching out: Material Flow Analysis of Cascading Utilization in Domestic and Imported Wood Products for Strategic Carbon Reduction in South Korea
Authors: Jang Eun-Kyung
Published: November 2024

This study employs a material flow analysis (MFA) to examine the usage patterns of domestic and imported wood resources in South Korea, analyzing the significant differences in utilization, and their impacts on carbon storage. We found a contrast between manufacturing and industrial uses of domestic and imported wood. Imported wood products with high economic value and longevity are primarily used in sustainable construction and manufacturing. In contrast, domestic wood is primarily utilized in lower-value wood-based boards and energy production, with a shorter lifespan and lower carbon storage potential. This study outlined the economic and environmental value chains by wood origin, highlighting their industrial linkages and utilization pathways. Consequently, tailored strategies are essential to promote sustainable wood resource use and advance climate mitigation. Recommendations have been provided for policy instruments to enhance wood resource management sustainability and climate change mitigation.
UAV Cruise Strategies Based on Initial Attack
Authors: Liu Hanze , Zhou Kaiwen , Zhang Long , Zhang Fuquan
Published: November 2024

Forest fires not only cause severe damage to ecosystems and biodiversity but also directly threaten the safety of human societies. Given the significant increase in both the frequency and intensity of forest fires worldwide, especially under extreme climate conditions, efficient fire detection and initial attack (IA) are particularly critical. The initial attack is a key stage in forest fire control, and the time taken for fire detection is a crucial factor influencing the success of the initial attack. In response to the challenges of forest fire prevention and control, this study explores Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) cruising strategies, aiming to develop appropriate approaches based on regional characteristics and provide efficient periodic monitoring solutions for areas with high ecological value and challenging accessibility. By optimizing UAV patrol routes, this research seeks to maximize coverage in areas with lower initial attack success rates and significantly reduce fire detection time, thereby improving detection efficiency. We developed and applied four optimization strategies, random search, high-risk first (HRF), nearest high-risk first (NHRF), and a genetic algorithm-based (GA-based) strategy, to compare different UAV flight routes. To evaluate the deployment effectiveness of the four UAV cruise strategies, we introduced two evaluation metrics: Average Grid Risk (AGR) and Average Distance Risk (ADR). Experimental results showed that the NHRF and GA-based strategies performed better. Specifically, NHRF achieved the highest high-risk coverage, ranging from 51.5% to 71.3%, significantly outperforming the random search strategy (4–7%) and the HRF strategy (23.1–37.5%). The GA-based algorithm achieved the highest grid coverage, ranging from 30% to 59.8%, far surpassing the random search strategy (4–6.6%) and the HRF strategy (10.2–19.1%). Additionally, the NHRF and GA-based strategies delivered the best AGR and ADR performance, respectively. The application of these innovative strategies and evaluation metrics enhances forest fire prevention through periodic monitoring and supports more efficient firefighting efforts.
Certain Novel Fixed-Point Theorems Applied to Fractional Differential Equations
Authors: Din Muhammad , Ishtiaq Umar , Alnowibet Khalid A. , Lazăr Tania A. , Lazăr Vasile L. , Guran Liliana
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we introduce a new class of contractions in normed spaces, referred to as generalized enriched Kannan contractions. These contractions expand the familiar enriched Kannan contractions to three-point versions, broadening the scope of Kannan contractions. These mappings are typically discontinuous, except at the fixed points, where they exhibit continuity, similar to enriched Kannan mappings. However, through suitable examples, we demonstrate that these two classes of mappings are distinct from one another. We present new results for generalized enriched Kannan contractions. Additionally, by incorporating conditions of continuity and asymptotic regularity, we extend the class of operators to which fixed-point methods can be applied. Additionally, we derive two more results for generalized enriched Kannan contractions in normed spaces, without the requirement that they be Banach spaces. Finally, we use our main result to demonstrate the existence of solutions for a boundary value problem involving a fractional differential equation.
A Novel Fractional Model Combined with Numerical Simulation to Examine the Impact of Lockdown on COVID-19 Spread
Authors: Barakat Mohamed A. , Saadeh Rania , Hyder Abd-Allah , Qazza Ahmad , Aly Abdelraheem Mahmoud
Published: November 2024

One of the best procedures for preventing the spread of the coronavirus is a lockdown, if it is implemented correctly. In order to assess how well lockdowns prevent the virus’s propagation, this paper presents a fractional-order mathematical model constructed by the proportional-Caputo operator. This model consists of five nonlinear fractional-order differential equations. The solution’s existence and uniqueness are investigated using the Schauder and Banach fixed-point theorems. Also, this study produces a stability analysis utilizing Ulam–Hyers and modified Ulam–Hyers criteria. Furthermore, the Adams–Bashforth–Moulton approach is used to implement numerical simulations that show how the model behaves with different parameter combinations and to validate the theoretical results.
Association of Variants in IL-1RN (rs2234663) and IL-1β (rs1143627, rs16944) and Interleukin-1β Levels with Colorectal Cancer: Experimental Study and In Silico Analysis
Authors: Gallegos-Arreola Martha Patricia , Garibaldi-Ríos Asbiel Felipe , Gutiérrez-Hurtado Itzae Adonaí , Zúñiga-González Guillermo Moisés , Figuera Luis E. , Gómez-Meda Belinda Claudia , Puebla-Pérez Ana María , García-Ortiz José Elías , Delgado-Saucedo Jorge I. , Castro-García Paola Beatriz , Rentería-Ramírez María de Jesús , Torres-Mendoza Blanca Miriam
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifactorial disease where the inflammatory state is crucial. This study analyzes the association of the IL-1RN (rs2234663) and IL-1β (rs1143627, rs16944) variants and IL-1β levels with CRC. Methods. This study included 230 CRC patients and 256 controls. Genotypes were determined by PCR and plasma IL-1β levels by ELISA. RegulomeDB analyzed the variants’ functional impacts, while OncoDB assessed IL-1β and IL-1RN expression’s influence on CRC. Results. The A1A1 genotype and dominant pattern of the rs2234663 variant were risk factors for CRC, whereas the A1A2 genotype showed a protective effect. The TC genotype of the rs1143627 variant and the T allele of rs16944 were associated with increased risk, whereas the C allele had a protective effect. The A1A1 genotype was associated with stage I–II CRC diagnosis, while the A2A2 genotype was associated with stage III–IV and ethanol consumption. The CC genotype of rs1143627 was associated with people younger than 50 years and tobacco use, and the TCCC genotype was related to stage III–IV stages and metastasis and hemorrhoids (p < 0.05). IL-1β levels were not associated with CRC. In silico analysis revealed that the variants are in located in important regions regulatory of genes. Elevated IL-1B and IL-1RN mRNA levels were found in CRC, linked to clinicopathological features of the disease. Conclusions. The analyzed variants are associated with CRC and may influence gene regulation by being located at critical sites of key genetic regulators.
Enhanced Nutritional and Functional Recovery in Femur Fracture Patients Post-Surgery: Preliminary Evidence of Muscle-Targeted Nutritional Support in Real-World Practice
Authors: Soria Perdomo Francisco José , Fernández Villaseca Sara , Zaragoza Brehcist Cristina , García Gómez Elena
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: To describe the effects of muscle-targeted oral nutritional supplementation (MT-ONS) on nutrition, functional capacity, and other health outcomes in patients after femur fracture surgery. Methods: A prospective, open-label, single-centre study was conducted. Patients aged 80+ post-femur fracture were recruited. They were assessed at baseline and after 90 days with MT-ONS, 100% whey protein enriched with leucine and vitamin D. Demographics, clinical and nutritional status (MNA®-SF), functional capacity [Barthel Index (BI), Lawton and Brody (LB) scale], muscle strength (dynamometry), cognition [Global Deterioration Scale (GDS)], tolerability, and satisfaction data were collected. Descriptive statistics were performed. Ethical approval was obtained. Results: Thirty-one patients (74% women, mean age 87 ± 3.99 years) were enrolled. At baseline, 32% were malnourished and 65% were at risk. After ≥90 days of MT-ONS, malnutrition decreased to 13% and well-nourishment increased to 32%. Ninety percent gained weight, with significant muscle strength improvements (+2 kg, p < 0.001). Eighty-one percent achieved a BI score ≥ 60 points [mean 84.8 (±17.82)]. BI score improvements correlated with higher baseline muscle strength (rho = 0.413, p = 0.021) and better nutritional status (rho = 0.464, p = 0.009). The mean LB score was 4.84 (±2.26). Improvements correlated with the pre-fracture BI score (rho = 0.475, p = 0.007). Positive correlations were noted between nutritional status, muscle strength, and functional outcomes. Cognition remained stable (GDS = 1 in 67.7% patients). Tolerability and satisfaction with MT-ONS were high at 90%. Conclusions: MT-ONS, 100% whey protein enriched with leucine and vitamin D, for ≥90 days enhances nutritional status and functional recovery in patients after femur fracture surgery.
Aging of Limestones and Silane–Siloxane-Based Protective Hydrophobics: The Impact of Heating–Cooling and Freeze–Thaw Cycles
Authors: Lisci Carla , Sitzia Fabio , Pires Vera , Mirão José
Published: November 2024

Stones are traditionally used in construction and architectural applications as building elements due to their aesthetic and technical/structural performance. Like other environmental factors (rain, humidity, moisture, salt presence, biological activity, etc.), heating–cooling and freeze–thaw cycles significantly threaten the longevity of stone materials. Hence, considering the socio-economic and cultural value of stones, preventive actions such as hydrophobic coatings are applied to prevent or mitigate damage. The scope of this study is the performance assessment of limestones with different characteristics and the efficiency of various commercial silane/siloxane-based hydrophobic coatings when exposed to thermal variation and freeze–thaw. For that purpose, the standards EN 14066:2013 (determination of resistance to aging by thermal shock) and EN 12371:2010 (determination of frost resistance) were followed. Open porosity and static contact angles were estimated to assess the stone durability and water protection capabilities of the hydrophobics. Additionally, sound speed propagation velocity, quality of building material index, elastic modulus and flexural strength were measured to evaluate the variation of mechanical properties. Static contact angle revealed that the coatings maintained an efficient level of hydrophobicity even after thermal-shock and freeze–thaw weathering tests. The study also revealed a critical interaction between freeze–thaw cycles, hydrophobic coatings and structural integrity of the stones, mostly on more porous ones. When they are subjected to harsh environmental conditions, untreated porous limestones keep structural cohesion, allowing for the natural absorption and release of water during freezing and thawing. On the contrary, when limestones are treated, the hydrophobic coatings can moderately obstruct the water release due to the partial saturation of the porous framework by the products. It also probably resulted from the different mechanical behavior between the inner matrix and layer of stone coated, resulting in a premature breakout and mechanical damage of the stone.
Appraising the Factors Associated with Delirium Care Behaviours and Barriers to Their Assessment Among Clinical Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chow Susan Ka Yee , Chan Soi Chu
Published: November 2024

Delirium can occur at any age, although the incidence is higher in older patients and after surgery. Although delirium is an acute, potentially reversible, cognitive disorder, there is evidence that it is associated with increased healthcare costs and imposes a significant burden on patients, families, hospitals, and public resources. The aim of this study was to investigate and assess the knowledge, behaviours, and factors influencing assessments of delirium by hospital nurses so as to predict the factors associated with their current delirium management behaviours. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 342 nurses in different hospitals in Macau. The questionnaires included items on the respondents’ demographic information, knowledge of delirium care, nursing behaviours, and factors influencing nurses’ assessment of delirium patients in their daily practice. The descriptive statistics showed that nurses were found to have a moderate level of knowledge about the management of delirium. The repeated measures ANOVA revealed that patient factors were the most significant, outweighing individual and organizational factors as barriers to assessing patients with delirium. The Pearson’s correlation showed a moderate positive correlation between delirium care knowledge and delirium care behaviour (r = 0.339). With regard to factors influencing delirium care behaviours, multiple linear regression models showed that the significant predictors were years of work experience (β = 0.206, 95% CI: 1.125–3.158), the duration of delirium care courses (β = 0.103, 95% CI: 0.118–3.339), the knowledge of delirium care (β = 0.264, 95% CI: 0.474–1.019), and personal factors influencing nurses’ delirium assessments (β = −0.239, 95% CI: −1.031–−0.432). To enhance delirium management and achieve the optimal care of patients with delirium, formal education and training are crucial. Organizations should develop structured protocols and workflows that empower nurses. By integrating organizational strategies with individual efforts, clinical practices can be improved, resulting in optimal delirium care for patients.
Location, Location, Location: The Power of Neighborhoods for Apartment Price Predictions Based on Transaction Data
Authors: Kmen Christopher , Navratil Gerhard , Giannopoulos Ioannis
Published: November 2024

Land and real estate have long been regarded as stable investments, with property prices steadily rising, underscoring the need for accurate predictive models to capture the varying rates of price growth across different locations. This study leverages a decade-long dataset of 83,527 apartment transactions in Vienna, Austria, to train machine learning models using XGBoost. Unlike most prior research, the extended time span of the dataset enables predictions for multiple future years, providing a more robust long-term prediction. The primary objective is to examine how spatial factors can enhance real estate price predictions. In addition to transaction data, socio-demographic and geographic variables were collected to characterize the neighborhoods surrounding each apartment. Ten models, each varying in the number of input years, were trained to predict the price per square meter. The model performance was assessed using the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), offering insights into their predictive accuracy for both short-term and long-term predictions. This study underscores the importance of distinguishing between newly built and existing apartments in real estate price modeling. By splitting the dataset prior to training, predictive models focusing solely on newly built properties achieved an average reduction of about 6% in MAPE. The best-performing models achieved an average MAPE of 15% for one-year-ahead predictions and maintained a MAPE below 20% for predictions up to three years ahead, demonstrating the effectiveness of leveraging spatial features to enhance real estate price prediction accuracy.
Assessment of the Potential Suitable Habitat of Apriona rugicollis Chevrolat, 1852 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Under Climate Change and Human Activities Based on the Biomod2 Ensemble Model
Authors: Zhang Liang , Yang Chaokun , Xie Guanglin , Wang Ping , Wang Wenkai
Published: November 2024

Effective use of species distribution models can assess the risk of spreading forest pests. In this study, based on 434 occurrence records and eight environmental variables, an ensemble model was applied to identify key environmental factors affecting the distribution of Apriona rugicollis Chevrolat, 1852 and predict its potential habitat and its relative areas of change under current and future climatic conditions. The results indicate that humidity, solar radiation, topography, and human activities were the main factors influencing the distribution of A. rugicollis. Under the current climate scenario, suitable habitats are mainly concentrated in East Asia, including North Korea, South Korea, Japan, Myanmar, Vietnam, and China. Under future climate scenarios, the area of suitable habitat for A. rugicollis gradually increases, especially in China and Japan, which are at high risk of spreading. In addition, the suitable habitat of A. rugicollis will expand northeastward to higher latitudes. The results of this study provide an important scientific basis for policymakers to formulate strategies for monitoring and controlling A. rugicollis in response to climate change.
Thousands of Years of Pastoralism Don’t Count: Coprophagous Beetles Prefer Exotic Alpaca Dung to That of Cattle
Authors: Rolando Antonio , Bertolino Daniele , Laini Alex , Roggero Angela , Palestrini Claudia
Published: November 2024

Dung beetles mostly feed on mammal dung. Throughout the European Alps, the dung produced by local domestic ungulates attracts many species of dung beetles, giving rise to rich and diversified communities that play an important role in the Alpine agricultural ecosystem. There is, therefore, understandable concern about the introduction of exotic livestock, such as alpacas (Vicugna pacos (Linnaeus, 1758)), into the region. This research studied dung beetle assemblages in an Alpine valley where both cattle and alpacas are raised. We used standardized pitfall traps baited with alpaca or cow dung along altitudinal transects to assess the “attractiveness” of the two resources to dung beetles. Most species entered both trap types. The average number of species per trap did not vary significantly and the nMDS trap ordination largely overlapped, but the total number of individuals and the average number of individuals per trap were higher in traps baited with alpaca dung. This difference was largely due to the preference of the dominant species Euheptaulacus carinatus (Germar, 1824) for alpaca dung-baited traps. Moreover, both the abundance and specific richness changed with altitude, being greatest in alpaca traps during July at intermediate altitudes. IndVal analyses showed that eight out of nine species (all Aphodiinae) showed a preference for alpaca traps. Since the microclimatic conditions (i.e., temperature) of the two trap types were virtually the same, it is reasonable to consider trophic preferences as the source of the observed differences. Finally, we also sampled the beetles present in the alpaca latrines and cow dung pats deposited on pastures, providing confirmation that dung beetles do indeed visit the dung of both species. Our results emphasize the usefulness of polyphagia and the trophic flexibility of dung beetles, providing evidence that the long history of pastoralism in the Alps has not led local species to adapt to the dung of domestic ungulates. The results also suggest that alpaca breeding could be a sustainable activity since, thanks to the work of dung beetles which feed upon and move the dung into their tunnels (as occurs with cattle dung), there is less need for farmers to remove the dung from pastures.
Reply to Treasure et al. Comment on “Ambrogi et al. Lung Metastasectomy: Where Do We Stand? Results from an Italian Multicentric Prospective Database. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 3106”
Authors: Ambrogi Marcello Carlo , Aprile Vittorio , Sanna Stefano , Forti Parri Sergio Nicola , Rizzardi Giovanna , Fanucchi Olivia , Valentini Leonardo , Italiani Alberto , Morganti Riccardo , Cartia Carlotta Francesca , Hughes James M. , Lucchi Marco , Droghetti Andrea
Published: November 2024

We would like to express our sincere gratitude for the thoughtful reflections on our recent study regarding pulmonary metastasectomy, and we greatly appreciate the constructive dialog that our work has sparked [...]
Low-Dose Creatine Supplementation May Be Effective in Early-Stage Statin Myopathy: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Scarsi Elena , Dorighi Ulrico , Adriano Enrico , Grandis Marina , Balestrino Maurizio
Published: November 2024

Background. Statins are the main cholesterol-lowering treatments, but often they are stopped because of statin myopathy. Expensive second-line treatments are then prescribed, causing a burden on the health system. Previous research showed that creatine supplementation may be a relatively inexpensive, safe, and effective way to mitigate statin toxicity to the muscle. Methods. We thus investigated the tolerability and effectiveness of creatine supplementation in consecutive patients with statin myopathy, as observed at our Cardiology or Neurology outpatient services for previous cardiac or cerebral ischemic disease. Results. We confirmed previous findings showing that creatine supplementation is safe and well tolerated even in this elderly population. Eleven of the thirteen enrolled patients completed the study, and only one patient interrupted the study because of a creatine-related issue (elevation of serum creatinine). Creatine supplementation significantly reduced the Shewmon and Craig’s “myopathy score”, while it did not reduce serum creatine kinase (CK), a marker of muscle structural damage. Notably, creatine supplementation was effective at a dose of 1 g. t.i.d., lower than usually prescribed in the international literature and within the recommendations of health agencies like the Italian Ministry of Health. Conclusion. Creatine supplementation may improve statin myopathy in its milder and/or earlier form when serum CK is not elevated. Since creatine is relatively inexpensive, its supplementation may be used instead of switching from statins to the very expensive second-line anti-cholesterol treatments.
Neurogenic Aging After Spinal Cord Injury: Highlighting the Unique Characteristics of Aging After Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Tretter Brittany L. , Dolbow David R. , Ooi Vincent , Farkas Gary J. , Miller Joshua M. , Deitrich Jakob N. , Gorgey Ashraf S.
Published: November 2024

Emanating from several decades of study into the effects of the aging process after spinal cord injury (SCI), “accelerated aging” has become a common expression as the SCI accelerates the onset of age-related pathologies. However, the aging process follows a distinct trajectory, characterized by unique patterns of decline that differ from those observed in the general population without SCI. Aging brings significant changes to muscles, bones, and hormones, impacting overall physical function. Muscle mass and strength begin to decrease with a reduction in muscle fibers and impaired repair mechanisms. Bones become susceptible to fractures as bone density decreases. Hormonal changes combined with decreased physical activity accelerate the reduction of muscle mass and increase in body fat. Muscle atrophy and skeletal muscle fiber type transformation occur rapidly and in a unique pattern after SCI. Bone loss develops more rapidly and results in an increased risk of fractures in body regions unique to individuals with SCI. Other factors, such as excessive adiposity, decreased testosterone and human growth hormone, and increased systemic inflammation, contribute to a higher risk of neuropathically driven obesity, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and increasing cardiovascular disease risk. Cardiorespiratory changes after SCI result in lower exercise heart rates, decreased oxygenation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. While it is important to acknowledge the accelerated aging processes after SCI, it is essential to recognize the distinct differences in the aging process between individuals without physical disabilities and those with SCI. These differences, influenced by neuropathology, indicate that it may be more accurate to describe the aging process in individuals with chronic SCI as neurogenic accelerated aging (NAA). Research should continue to address conditions associated with NAA and how to ameliorate the accelerated rate of premature age-related conditions. This review focuses on the NAA processes and the differences between them and the aging process in those without SCI. Recommendations are provided to help slow the development of premature aging conditions.
Menstrual Blood as a Non-Invasive Alternative for Monitoring Vitamin Levels
Authors: Whitbread Amy L. , Mittelmeier Lucas , Rao Rajnish P. , Mittelmeier Wolfram , Osmanski-Zenk Katrin
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Menstrual blood has recently emerged as a novel specimen for diagnostics, offering a non-invasive alternative to traditional blood testing methods. Despite the importance of vitamins and monitoring their levels in preventative healthcare measures, the feasibility of measuring them in menstrual blood has yet to be explored. In this study, we aimed to assess the potential of using menstrual blood for determining vitamin levels by comparing their levels in menstrual blood to those in matched capillary blood samples. Methods: A prospective, monocentric, observational study was conducted with healthy, reproductive-aged voluntary participants. Menstrual blood was collected from 30 participants using a menstrual cup, and the corresponding capillary blood samples were obtained using a finger prick. The samples were transferred to dried blood spot (DBS) cards and analyzed using mass spectrometry to determine vitamin levels. Statistical analyses were performed to compare menstrual blood vitamin A and D levels, and hemoglobin, to those in capillary blood. Results: The vitamin levels could be ascertained from the menstrual blood, and were observed to significantly correlate with those from the capillary blood for both vitamin A (r = 0.77, p < 0.001) and vitamin D (r = 0.66, p < 0.001), despite being statistically different. Conclusions: The results of this pilot study demonstrate the potential utility of menstrual blood in estimating vitamin A and D levels, illustrating the prospect of a non-invasive menstrual blood-based vitamin test following larger clinical and analytical validation studies.
Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Lacosamide Combined with NOACs in Post-Stroke Epilepsy and Atrial Fibrillation: A Prospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: Mangiardi Marilena , Pezzella Francesca Romana , Cruciani Alessandro , Alessiani Michele , Anticoli Sabrina
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims: Stroke is the leading cause of seizures and epilepsy in adults; however, current guidelines lack robust recommendations for treating post-stroke seizures (PSSs) and epilepsy (PSE). This study aims to demonstrate the long-term safety and efficacy of lacosamide combined with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in patients with PSE and atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: In this prospective longitudinal single-center study, 53 patients with concomitant PSE and AF, admitted between 2022 and 2023, received NOACs for AF management and lacosamide for seizure control. A control group of 53 patients with cardioembolic stroke, receiving NOACs (but without PSE), was matched by age, sex, and NIHSS scores to ensure comparability. Results: Over 24 months, 16 patients in the study group and 15 in the control group experienced new embolic events, with no significant difference between groups (p = 0.82). Seizure control improved significantly in the study group, with reduced frequency and severity. No severe adverse events from lacosamide were observed. Conclusions: The combination of NOACs and lacosamide is a safe and effective treatment for patients with AF and PSE and does not increase the risk of recurrent ischemic or hemorrhagic events. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups are needed to confirm these findings and optimize treatment protocols.
Analysis of Core Area Characteristics in Travel Networks Using Block Modeling
Authors: Bae Mincheul , Lee Soyeong , Joo Heesun
Published: November 2024

This study analyzes inter-regional traffic patterns and network structures using origin–destination (OD) data. Block modeling, a method that clusters nodes performing similar roles within a network to identify functional regional structures, distinguishes passenger and freight patterns. Eigenvector centrality extracts central cities, while multiple regression analysis compares factors influencing flows in core areas. The findings reveal that (1) freight flows exhibit more active inter-regional movement than passenger flows, relying heavily on long-distance transport; (2) passenger hubs tend to be geographically central, whereas freight hubs are located in peripheral areas; and (3) passenger flows are shaped by regional characteristics, industrial structure, and infrastructure, while freight flows are influenced by regional characteristics, infrastructure, and land use patterns. Population density and industrial facilities significantly impact both flow types. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the distinct characteristics of passenger and freight flows, bridging gaps in the existing research. Moreover, it offers practical insights for policymakers aiming to promote balanced development and sustainable regional growth, emphasizing the integration of underdeveloped areas into broader strategies to address disparities and foster connectivity. By combining advanced analytical methods, this study establishes a novel framework for enhancing regional planning and policy formulation.
From Asset to Liability–Considerations on the Constitutionalizing of Religious Freedom Within the European Union Member States
Authors: Raiu Catalin
Published: November 2024

This paper examines the usage of different phrases naming “religious freedom” in international treaties and European Union member states constitutional texts in order to identify traces of contemporary ideological polarization in relation to the main political ideologies, socialism, liberalism and conservatism. Considering the methodological approach, I theorize the meaning of “religious freedom” as the right to believe or not in a higher power or divinity, while also discussing the positive and the negative aspects of religious freedom together with the three major political doctrines. The results present clusters on the way each phrase used to name “religious freedom” is tied up with each of the three major political doctrines: freedom from/within religion (socialism), freedom of religion or belief (liberalism), and religious freedom (conservatism). The main conclusion of the paper is that within the contemporary political and administrative democratic spectrum, the three different phrases used at international level to name “religious freedom” and corresponding to socialism, liberalism and conservatism are describing religious freedom in a polarized manner, from liability to asset: in socialism as liberation from the negative and discriminatory power of religion, in liberalism as an civic attitude, while for conservatives religious freedom stands is coined a political value within the nation building process.
Characterization of Chestnut Tannins: Bioactive Compounds and Their Impact on Lamb Health
Authors: Cekić Bogdan , Marković Jordan , Maksimović Vuk , Ružić-Muslić Dragana , Maksimović Nevena , Ćosić Ivan , Zeljić Stojiljković Krstina
Published: November 2024

The objective of the present study was to characterize the chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) tannin product, Farmatan Plus® (Tanin Sevnica d.d., Sevnica, Slovenia), and to subsequently examine its effects on the blood metabolic parameters of fattening lambs, particularly in relation to their health status. Thirty lambs were randomly divided into three treatment groups: a control group without added tannin and two groups that received 9.46 g of the tannin product/kg of the diet dry matter (DM) and 18.87 g of the tannin product/kg of the diet DM. Metabolic parameters such as contents of total protein, globulin, urea, and liver enzymes (AST and GGT) were measured over a trial period of 60 days to evaluate the effects of tannin supplementation. This study represents the first in-depth characterization of Farmatan Plus®, demonstrating its richness in bioactive compounds such as vescalin and castalagin. The results showed no significant adverse effects on lamb health, with all parameters remaining within normal physiological ranges (p > 0.05). These results support the safe inclusion of chestnut tannins in the diet of lambs and underline their potential as a functional feed additive that can positively influence the health and growth performance of ruminants.
Assessing Type 2 Diabetes Risk in the Post-Pandemic Era: A Pharmacy-Led FINDRISC Screening Study
Authors: Bell Victoria , Rodrigues Ana Rita , Costa Vera , Dias Catarina , Alpalhão Márcia , Martins Inês , Forrester Mário
Published: November 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major global health issue, with type 2 diabetes (T2D) accounting for over 90% of cases. Community pharmacies, given their accessibility, are well positioned to assist in early detection and management of T2D. This study evaluated post-pandemic T2D risk in a Portuguese population using the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) across five community pharmacies. A total of 494 participants aged 40 or older without a prior diagnosis of diabetes were assessed. The mean FINDRISC score was 12.3, and 29.8% were identified as high or very high-risk, with 8.7% referred to general practitioners for follow-up based on elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Key risk factors include age, body mass index, waist circumference, lack of physical activity, and family history of diabetes. Lower educational levels were also associated with higher diabetes risk. Community pharmacies are shown to play an essential role in screening and educating at-risk populations, emphasizing the importance of physical activity, healthy diets, and regular monitoring. These findings reinforce the value of community pharmacists in mitigating T2D risk and enhancing public health outcomes through cost-effective, validated screening tools like FINDRISC. Finally, pre-pandemic FINDRISC studies discussed show similar results suggesting that the COVID-19 pandemic did not significantly impact the overall risk profile for T2D.
Assessment of the Biocontrol Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Trichoderma asperellum Against Infected Hordeum vulgare L. Germination
Authors: Heikal Yasmin M. , Shweqa Nada S. , Abdelmigid Hala M. , Alyamani Amal A. , Soliman Hoda M. , El-Naggar Noura El-Ahmady
Published: November 2024

This study investigated the biosynthesis, statistical optimization, characterization, and biocontrol activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) produced by newly isolated Trichoderma sp. The Trichoderma asperellum strain TA-3N was identified based on the ITS gene sequence, together with its phenotypic characteristics (GenBank accession number: OM321439). The color change from light yellow to brown after the incubation period indicates AgNPs biosynthesis. The UV spectrum revealed a single peak with the maximum absorption at 453 nm, indicating that T. asperellum produces AgNPs effectively. A Rotatable Central Composite Design (RCCD) was used to optimize the biosynthesis of AgNPs using the aqueous mycelial-free filtrate of T. asperellum. The optimal conditions for maximum AgNPs biosynthesis (156.02 µg/mL) were predicted theoretically using the desirability function tool and verified experimentally. The highest biosynthetic produced AgNPs by T. asperellum reached 160.3 µg/mL using AgNO3 concentration of 2 mM/mL, initial pH level of 6, incubation time of 60 h, and biomass weight of 6 g/100 mL water. SEM and TEM imaging revealed uniform spherical shape particles that varied in size between 8.17 and 17.74 nm. The synthesized AgNPs have a Zeta potential value of −9.51 mV. FTIR analysis provided insights into the surface composition of AgNPs, identifying various functional groups such as N–H, -OH, C-H, C=O, and the amide I bond in proteins. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assays demonstrated that AgNPs in combination with T. asperellum can mitigate the toxic effects of Fusarium oxysporum on barley. This intervention markedly enhanced cell division rates and decreased chromosomal irregularities. The results indicate that AgNPs synthesized by T. asperellum show the potential as an eco-friendly and efficient method for controlling plant diseases. Further studies are necessary to investigate their possible use in the agricultural sector.
Antioxidant Behavior of Carbon/Carbon Composites with Hot Dip Plating and Electroplating for Single-Crystal Furnaces
Authors: Qi Zuxing , Du Chaofan , Bao Guoying , Wang Shan , Gao Dedong , Lin Haixing , An Yan
Published: November 2024

In the Czochralski single-crystal silicon manufacturing industry, single-crystal furnaces often experience corrosion from silicon vapor, which reduces their operational lifespan. However, the preparation of metal coatings on the surface of C/C composites is challenging due to their low coefficient of thermal expansion and the intricate structure of carbon fibers. To address this issue and achieve high-quality alloy coatings, Ni-Al and Ni-Al/Si composite coatings are successfully prepared on the surface of C/C composites through a combination of electroplating and hot-dip plating, and their oxidation behavior at elevated temperatures is thoroughly investigated. The experimental results indicate that the Ni-Al composite coatings exhibit superior antioxidant properties compared to Ni coatings following thermal shock experiments, thereby significantly enhancing the antioxidant performance of C/C composites. This improvement is attributed to the preferential oxidation of surface aluminum, which forms a dense Al2O3 layer in aerobic and high-temperature environments, effectively preventing oxygen from reaching the underlying matrix. During the oxidation process, coating elements migrate outward along the concentration gradient, while oxygen molecules diffuse inward. Simultaneously, aluminum atoms diffuse inward, and Ni atoms diffuse outward, where they partially dissolve with oxygen. The inner coating’s Ni enhances the bonding of the coating by connecting the substrate to the outer layer. Meanwhile, the added Si in the Ni-Al/Si composite coating further improves the antioxidant properties of the coating.