bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Utility of Intraoperative Tympanomastoidectomy Assessment Using a Surgical Microscope Integrated with an Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Lee Jaeyul , Wijesinghe Ruchire Eranga , Jeon Deokmin , Kim Pilun , Choung Yun-Hoon , Jang Jeong Hun , Jeon Mansik , Kim Jeehyun
Published: November 2018

Significant technical and optical advances are required for intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) to be utilized during otological surgeries. Integrating OCT with surgical microscopy makes it possible to evaluate soft tissue in real-time and at a high resolution. Herein, we describe an augmented-reality, intraoperative OCT/microscope system with an extended working distance of 280 mm, providing more space for surgical manipulation than conventional techniques. We initially performed ex vivo experiments to evaluate system performance. In addition, we validated the system by performing preliminary clinical assessments of tympanomastoidectomy outcomes in six patients with chronic otitis media. The system evaluated residual inflammation in the region-of-interest of the mastoid bone. Most importantly, the system intraoperatively revealed the connection between the graft and the remnant tympanic membrane. The extended working distance allows otological surgeons to evaluate the status of both the mastoid bone and tympanic membrane during manipulation, affording full intraoperative imaging.
Gradient and scattering forces of anti-reflection-coated spheres in an aplanatic beam
Authors: Wang Neng , Li Xiao , Chen Jun , Lin Zhifang , Ng Jack
Published: November 2018

Anti-reflection coatings (ARCs) enable one to trap high dielectric spheres that may not be trappable otherwise. Through rigorously calculating the gradient and scattering forces, we directly showed that the improved trapping performance is due to the reduction in scattering force, which originates from the suppression of backscattering by ARC. We further applied ray optics and wave scattering theories to thoroughly understand the underlying mechanism, from which, we inferred that ARC only works for spherical particles trapped near the focus of an aplanatic beam, and it works much better for large spheres. For this reason, in contradiction to our intuition, large ARC-coated spheres are sometimes more trappable than their smaller counter parts. Surprisingly, we discovered a scattering force free zone for a large ARC-coated sphere located near the focus of an aplanatic beam. Our work provides a quantitative study of ARC-coated spheres and bridges the gap between the existing experiments and current conceptual understandings.
Genome-wide DNA methylation changes in CD19+ B cells from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Maltby Vicki E. , Lea Rodney A. , Graves Moira C. , Sanders Katherine A. , Benton Miles C. , Tajouri Lotti , Scott Rodney J. , Lechner-Scott Jeannette
Published: November 2018

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. The inflammatory process in MS is driven by both T and B cells and current therapies are targeted to each of these cell types. Epigenetic mechanisms may provide a valuable link between genes and environment. DNA methylation is the best studied epigenetic mechanism and is recognized as a potential contributor to MS risk. The objective of this study was to identify DNA methylation changes associated with MS in CD19+ B-cells. We performed an epigenome-wide association analysis of DNA methylation in the CD19+ B-cells from 24 patients with relapsing-remitting MS on various treatments and 24 healthy controls using Illumina 450 K arrays. A large differentially methylated region (DMR) was observed at the lymphotoxin alpha (LTA) locus. This region was hypermethylated and contains 19 differentially methylated positions (DMPs) spanning 860 bp, all of which are located within the transcriptional start site. We also observed smaller DMRs at 4 MS-associated genes: SLC44A2, LTBR, CARD11 and CXCR5. These preliminary findings suggest that B-cell specific DNA-methylation may be associated with MS risk or response to therapy, specifically at the LTA locus. Development of B-cell specific epigenetic therapies is an attractive new avenue of research in MS treatment. Further studies are now required to validate these findings and understand their functional significance.
Mouse LIMR3/CD300f is a negative regulator of the antimicrobial activity of neutrophils
Authors: Ueno Keigo , Urai Makoto , Izawa Kumi , Otani Yoshiko , Yanagihara Nao , Kataoka Michiyo , Takatsuka Shogo , Abe Masahiro , Hasegawa Hideki , Shimizu Kiminori , Kitamura Toshio , Kitaura Jiro , Miyazaki Yoshitsugu , Kinjo Yuki
Published: November 2018

Leukocyte mono-immunoglobulin-like receptor (LMIR)/CD300 proteins comprise a family of immunoglobulin-like receptors that are widely expressed on the immune cell surface in humans and mice. In general, LMIR3/CD300f suppresses the inflammatory response, but it can occasionally promote it. However, the precise roles of LMIR3 in the function of neutrophils remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated LMIR3 expression in mature and immature neutrophils, and evaluated the effects of LMIR3 deficiency in mouse neutrophils. Our results indicated that bone marrow (BM) neutrophils expressed LMIR3 on their cell surface during cell maturation and that surface LMIR3 expression increased in response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a TLR4/MyD88-dependent manner. LMIR3-knockout (KO) neutrophils displayed significantly increased hypochlorous acid production, and elastase release, as well as significantly augmented cytotoxic activity against P. aeruginosa and Candida albicans; meanwhile, inhibitors of elastase and myeloperoxidase offset this enhanced antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, LMIR3-KO mice were significantly more resistant to Pseudomonas peritonitis and systemic candidiasis, although this may not be entirely due to the enhanced activity of neutrophils. These results demonstrate that LMIR3/CD300f deficiency augments the antimicrobial activity of mouse neutrophils.
The Invisible Carbon Footprint as a hidden impact of peatland degradation inducing marine carbonate dissolution in Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Wit Francisca , Rixen Tim , Baum Antje , Pranowo Widodo S. , Hutahaean Andreas A.
Published: November 2018

In Indonesia, land use change (LUC) in the form of peatland degradation induces carbon loss through direct CO2 emissions, but also via soil leaching of which circa 50% is decomposed and emitted as CO2 from the rivers. However, the fate of the remaining exported leached carbon is uncertain. Here, we show that the majority of this carbon is respired in the estuaries and emitted to the atmosphere. However, a portion is adsorbed into the marine carbon pool where it favors CaCO3 dissolution and can therefore be seen as the invisible carbon footprint. We conclude that the effects of LUC stretch beyond the terrestrial realm and are not limited to CO2 emissions, but also affect marine ecosystems. Considering the ecological and economical importance of these ecosystems, it is important that this so far invisible carbon footprint, as well as the aquatic and marine CO2 emissions, are included in climate mitigation strategies.
Author Correction: Single molecule localisation microscopy reveals how HIV-1 Gag proteins sense membrane virus assembly sites in living host CD4 T cells
Authors: Floderer Charlotte , Masson Jean-Baptiste , Boilley Elise , Georgeault Sonia , Merida Peggy , El Beheiry Mohamed , Dahan Maxime , Roingeard Philippe , Sibarita Jean-Baptiste , Favard Cyril , Muriaux Delphine
Published: November 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Integrin targeting of glyphosate and its cell adhesion modulation effects on osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells revealed by label-free optical biosensing
Authors: Szekacs Inna , Farkas Eniko , Gemes Borbala Leticia , Takacs Eszter , Szekacs Andras , Horvath Robert
Published: November 2018

This study is a discovery of interesting and far reaching properties of the world leading herbicide active ingredient glyphosate. Here we demonstrate the cell adhesion-modifying characteristics of glyphosate affecting cellular interactions via Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-dependent integrins. This conclusion was supported by the observations that a glyphosate surface coating induced integrin-specific cell adhesion, while glyphosate in solution inhibited cell adhesion on an RGD-displaying surface. A sensitive, real-time, label-free, whole cell approach was used to monitor the cell adhesion kinetic processes with excellent data quality. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for glyphosate was determined to be 0.47 ± 0.07% (20.6 mM) in serum-free conditions. A three-dimensional dissociation constant of 0.352 mM was calculated for the binding between RGD-specific integrins in intact MC3T3-E1 cells and soluble glyphosate by measuring its competition for RGD-motifs binding, while the affinity of those RGD-specific integrins to the RGD-motifs was 5.97 µM. The integrin-targeted affinity of glyphosate was proven using competitive binding assays to recombinant receptor αvβ3. The present study shows not only ligand-binding properties of glyphosate, but also illustrates its remarkable biomimetic power in the case of cell adhesion.
Combatting antibiotic-resistant bacteria using nanomaterials
Authors: Gupta Akash , Mumtaz Shazia , Li Cheng-Hsuan , Hussain Irshad , Rotello Vincent M.
Published: November 2018

Nanomaterials as self-therapeutic agents and drug-delivery vehicles for antimicrobial therapies.
Quantifying cyanide in water and foodstuff using corrin-based CyanoKit technologies and a smartphone
Authors: Cherbuin Mathias , Zelder Felix , Karlen Walter
Published: November 2018

This paper describes the detection of endogenous cyanide using corrin-based CyanoKit technologies in combination with a smartphone readout device.
Hyperspectral analysis applied to micro-Brillouin maps of amyloid-beta plaques in Alzheimer's disease brains
Authors: Palombo Francesca , Masia Francesco , Mattana Sara , Tamagnini Francesco , Borri Paola , Langbein Wolfgang , Fioretto Daniele
Published: November 2018

Non-negative factorization analysis applied to spontaneous Brillouin microscopy maps of amyloid-beta plaques in a transgenic mouse model enables to resolve spatially distinct components with specific mechanical properties.
Simultaneous extraction of acidic and basic drugs via on-chip electromembrane extraction using a single-compartment microfluidic device
Authors: Zarghampour Fereshteh , Yamini Yadollah , Baharfar Mahroo , Faraji Mohammad
Published: November 2018

A chip was designed for simultaneous extraction of acidic and basic drugs from biological fluids.
A ZnCl2 water-in-salt electrolyte for a reversible Zn metal anode
Authors: Zhang Chong , Holoubek John , Wu Xianyong , Daniyar Aigerim , Zhu Liangdong , Chen Cheng , Leonard Daniel P. , Rodríguez-Pérez Ismael A. , Jiang Jia-Xing , Fang Chong , Ji Xiulei
Published: November 2018

We report a low-cost water-in-salt electrolyte (WiSE), of 30 m ZnCl2, which enables a dendrite-free Zn metal anode to possess a high coulombic efficiency.
OFF/ON switching of circularly polarized luminescence by oxophilic interaction of homochiral sulfoxide-containing o-OPEs with metal cations
Authors: Reiné Pablo , Ortuño Ana M. , Resa Sandra , Álvarez de Cienfuegos Luis , Blanco Victor , Ruedas-Rama M. José , Mazzeo Giuseppe , Abbate Sergio , Lucotti Andrea , Tommasini Matteo , Guisán-Ceinos Santiago , Ribagorda Maria , Campaña Araceli G. , Mota Antonio , Longhi Giovanna , Miguel Delia , Cuerva Juan M.
Published: November 2018

CPL switches with high glum and Φ are described.
3D structured Mn2O3 synthesized using tween surfactant: influence on the morphology and oxygen reduction catalytic performance
Authors: Fang Yuan , Wang Yonghui , Wang Fen , Zhu Jianfeng
Published: November 2018

Tween-80 affects the oxygen vacancies of Mn2O3, boosting its oxygen storage capability and electron transfer rate for ORR.
3D LnIII-MOFs: displaying slow magnetic relaxation and highly sensitive luminescence sensing of alkylamines
Authors: Huang Hong , Gao Wei , Zhang Xiu-Mei , Zhou Ai-Mei , Liu Jie-Ping
Published: November 2018

Six isomorphous Ln-based MOFs with 3D structures have been synthesized under solvothermal conditions. Dy-MOF (5) shows slow magnetic relaxation behaviors. Eu-MOF (3) can serve as a recyclable sensor towards alkylamines in water systems.
Impact of pore size, interconnections, and dynamic conductivity on the electrochemistry of vanadium pentoxide in well defined porous structures
Authors: Kim Nam , Sahadeo Emily , Liu Chanyuan , Rose Olivia , Rubloff Gary , Lee Sang Bok
Published: November 2018

Dynamic electronic conductivity of V2O5 combined with the electrode structure can result in both positive and negative synergistic effects on cathode electrochemistry.
Reaction of phenol with singlet oxygen
Authors: Al-Nu’airat Jomana , Dlugogorski Bogdan Z. , Gao Xiangpeng , Zeinali Nassim , Skut Jakub , Westmoreland Phillip R. , Oluwoye Ibukun , Altarawneh Mohammednoor
Published: November 2018

Photo-degradation of organic pollutants plays an important role in their removal from the environment.
Functionalized MXenes as ideal electrodes for Janus MoSSe
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Wei Wei , Huang Baibiao , Dai Ying
Published: November 2018

Combining functionalized MXenes and mirror asymmetric MoSSe can form ideal electrical contacts.
Reduced Co3O4 nanowires with abundant oxygen vacancies as an efficient free-standing cathode for Li–O2 batteries
Authors: Wang Fang , Liu Wang , Wang Hui , Meng Chengcheng , Wu Qixing , Zhou Xuelong , Luo Zhongkuan
Published: November 2018

The reduced Co3O4 cathode with abundant oxygen vacancies significantly improves the battery's cycling stability.
Tetranuclear cobalt(ii)–isonicotinic acid frameworks: selective CO2capture, magnetic properties, and derived “Co3O4” exhibiting high performance in lithium ion batteries
Authors: Zhou Lei , Fan Honghong , Zhou Baolei , Cui Zheng , Qin Bowen , Zhang Xiaoying , Li Wenliang , Zhang Jingping
Published: November 2018

A CoIIporous framework exhibits high CO2selectivity, and the prepared Co3O4-anode from the framework shows excellent performance in lithium ion batteries.
Design considerations for chiral frustrated Lewis pairs: B/N FLPs derived from 3,5-bicyclic aryl piperidines
Authors: Lam Jolie , Sampaolesi Susanna , LaFortune James H. W. , Coe Jotham W. , Stephan Douglas W.
Published: November 2018

3,5-Bicyclic aryl piperidines are derivatized to generate chiral B/N FLPs. The Lewis acidities were assessed by experimental and computational methods. The activity in HD scrambling and hydrogenation was also assessed. These data demonstrate that a threshold of combined Lewis acidity and basicity is essential to activate H2.
Enhancing hot electron generation and injection in the near infrared via rational design and controlled synthesis of TiO2–gold nanostructures
Authors: Atta Supriya , Celik Fuat E. , Fabris Laura
Published: November 2018

We synthesize TiO2-coated gold nanostar- and gold nanorod-based photocatalysts and identify the most important design parameters for the optimization of hot electron-based photocatalysts.
Metal- and base-free regioselective thiolation of the methyl C(sp3)–H bond in 2-picoline N-oxides
Authors: Wang Dong , Liu Zhenlin , Wang Zhentao , Ma Xinyue , Yu Peng
Published: November 2018

Metal- and base-free thiolation of the unactivated methyl C(sp3)–H bond in 2-picoline N-oxides with thiols is achieved by a one-pot, two-step sequence, including a TFAA-mediated [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of pyridine N-oxides and TBAB-catalyzed direct conversion of trifluoroacetates into thioethers.
Accuracy and precision of U–Pb zircon geochronology at high spatial resolution (7–20 μm spots) by laser ablation-ICP-single-collector-sector-field-mass spectrometry
Authors: Mukherjee Pulok K. , Souders A. Kate , Sylvester Paul J.
Published: November 2018

U–Pb zircon ages for 7, 10, 15 and 20 μm spots by laser ablation-ICP-single-collector-sector-field-mass spectrometry using short (∼50 pulse) integrations.
Wealth from waste: M. acuminata peel waste-derived magnetic nanoparticles as a solid catalyst for the Henry reaction
Authors: Pathak Gunindra , Rajkumari Kalyani , Rokhum Samuel Lalthazuala
Published: November 2018

Biosynthesis of nanoparticles by exploiting different plant materials has become a matter of great interest in recent years and is considered as a green technology as it does not involve any harmful and toxic chemicals in the synthetic procedure.
Self-assembly dynamics and antimicrobial activity of all l- and d-amino acid enantiomers of a designer peptide
Authors: Ye Zhou , Zhu Xiao , Acosta Sergio , Kumar Dhiraj , Sang Ting , Aparicio Conrado
Published: November 2018

All l- and d-antimicrobial peptides had different self-assembly dynamics with implication in their antimicrobial activity.
Practical regio- and stereoselective azidation and amination of terminal alkenes
Authors: Ojo Olatunji S. , Miranda Octavio , Baumgardner Kyle C. , Bugarin Alejandro
Published: November 2018

A metal-free synthesis of allylic azides and allylic amines was achieved under mild reaction conditions, which represents a milder alternative for azidation and amination reactions.
Single-step access to a series of D–A π-conjugated oligomers with 3–10 nm chain lengths
Authors: Liu Shi-Yong , Cheng Jing-Zhao , Zhang Xiao-Feng , Liu Hui , Shen Zhao-Qi , Wen He-Rui
Published: November 2018

A series of five D–A π-conjugated oligo(DPP-co-fluorene)s progressively consisting of 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 monomers and with chain lengths ranging between 3 and 10 nm have all been synthesized in a single step by direct C–H arylated coupling.
Self-assembled 3D flower-like Fe3O4/C architecture with superior lithium ion storage performance
Authors: Wan Lijia , Yan Dong , Xu Xingtao , Li Jiabao , Lu Ting , Gao Yang , Yao Yefeng , Pan Likun
Published: November 2018

3D flower-like Fe3O4/C with a stable structure, improved electrical conductivity, and excellent kinetic performance exhibits superior electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries.
Characteristic microstructure underlying the fast hydration–dehydration reaction of β-La2(SO4)3: “fine platy joints” with “loose grain boundaries”
Authors: Shizume Kunihiko , Hatada Naoyuki , Toyoura Kazuaki , Uda Tetsuya
Published: November 2018

The fast hydration/dehydration (water insertion/deinsertion) reaction of β-La2(SO4)3 is expected to be applied to thermochemical heat storage, but its kinetics have not been well understood.
Organic promoter-driven fast synthesis of zeolite beta and its acceleration mechanism
Authors: Zhao Dongpu , Chu Weifeng , Wang Yanan , Zhu Xiangxue , Li Xiujie , Xie Sujuan , An Jie , Xin Wenjie , Liu Shenglin , Xu Longya
Published: November 2018

The crystallization rate of zeolite beta can be accelerated by a factor of as much as nine by the addition of some organic promoters.
Vapour induced phase inversion: preparing high performance self-standing sponge-like electrodes with a sulfur loading of over 10 mg cm−2
Authors: Yu Ying , Zhang Hongzhang , Yang Xiaofei , Chen Yuqing , Jia Ziyang , Yan Jingwang , Zhang Huamin , Li Xianfeng
Published: November 2018

The vapour induced phase inversion (VIPI) process is used to prepare sponge-like porous electrodes for high performance Li–S batteries.
PNTCDA: a promising versatile organic electrode material for alkali-metal ion batteries
Authors: Wang Junru , Li Feng , Qu Yuanyuan , Liu Yang , Yang Yanmei , Li Weifeng , Zhao Mingwen
Published: November 2018

Organic electrode materials for rechargeable alkali-metal ion batteries have drawn increasing interest in recent years because of their distinctive advantages including low cost, environmental friendliness, and safety.
Liquid mobility on superwettable surfaces for applications in energy and the environment
Authors: Zhang Songnan , Huang Jianying , Chen Zhong , Yang Shu , Lai Yuekun
Published: November 2018

Liquid mobility on super-wettable materials is of interest for enhanced heat transfer, self-cleaning, anti-fouling, anti-icing, water-harvesting, and oil–water separation.
PAF-1@cellulose nanofibril composite aerogel for highly-efficient removal of bisphenol A
Authors: Zhao Danyang , Tian Yuyang , Jing Xiaofei , Lu Yun , Zhu Guangshan
Published: November 2018

A PAF-1@cellulose nanofibril composite aerogel was prepared to remove BPA from water, with an adsorption capacity of 1000 mg g−1.
Micron-sized PFOB liquid core droplets stabilized with tailored-made perfluorinated surfactants as a new class of endovascular sono-sensitizers for focused ultrasound thermotherapy
Authors: Desgranges Stéphane , Lorton Orane , Gui-Levy Laura , Guillemin Pauline , Celicanin Zarko , Hyacinthe Jean-Noel , Breguet Romain , Crowe Lindsey A. , Becker Christoph D. , Soulié Marine , Taulier Nicolas , Contino-Pépin Christiane , Salomir Rares
Published: November 2018

The effect of micro-droplet concentration on HIFU beam absorption.
Giant magneto-optical response in H+ irradiated Zn1−xCoxO thin films
Authors: Varvaro G. , Di Trolio A. , Polimeni A. , Gabbani A. , Pineider F. , de Julián Fernández C. , Barucca G. , Mengucci P. , Amore Bonapasta A. , Testa A. M.
Published: November 2018

A giant Faraday rotation of 3000 deg cm−1 at 400 nm was observed at room temperature in post-growth, hydrogen-irradiated Zn1−xCoxO thin films.
Chiral nematic latex–GO composite films with synchronous response of color and actuation
Authors: Sun Juanjuan , Ji Xingxiang , Li Guihua , Zhang Yu , Liu Na , Li Hongguang , Qin Menghua , Yuan Zaiwu
Published: November 2018

A two-step strategy has been developed for preparing asymmetrically-organized, flexible latex/graphene oxide composite films that have chiral nematic structures. The films show dual responses with interesting color and morphological changes toward water.
Photoreceptor actin dysregulation in syndromic and non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Megaw Roly , Hurd Toby W.
Published: November 2018

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the leading cause of inherited blindness. RP is a genetically heterogeneous disorder, with more than 100 different causal genes identified in patients. Central to disease pathogenesis is the progressive loss of retinal photoreceptors. Photoreceptors are specialised sensory neurons that exhibit a complex and highly dynamic morphology. The highly polarised and elaborated architecture of photoreceptors requires precise regulation of numerous cytoskeletal elements. In recent years, significant work has been placed on investigating the role of microtubules (specifically, the acetylated microtubular axoneme of the photoreceptor connecting cilium) and their role in normal photoreceptor function. This has been driven by the emerging field of ciliopathies, human diseases arising from mutations in genes required for cilia formation or function, of which RP is a frequently reported phenotype. Recent studies have highlighted an intimate relationship between cilia and the actin cystoskeleton. This review will focus on the role of actin in photoreceptors, examining the connection between actin dysregulation in RP.
Membrane protein nanoparticles: the shape of things to come
Authors: Simon Kailene S. , Pollock Naomi L. , Lee Sarah C.
Published: November 2018

The use of styrene–maleic acid (SMA) for the purification of a wide range of membrane proteins (MPs) from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic sources has begun to make an impact in the field of MP biology. This method is growing in popularity as a means to purify and thoroughly investigate the structure and function of MPs and biological membranes. The amphiphilic SMA copolymer can effectively extract MPs directly from a native lipid bilayer to form discs ∼10 nm in diameter. The resulting lipid particles, or styrene–maleic acid lipid particles (SMALPs), contain SMA, protein and membrane lipid. MPs purified in SMALPs are able to retain their native structure and, in many cases, functional activity, and growing evidence suggests that MPs purified using SMA have enhanced thermal stability compared with detergent-purified proteins. The SMALP method is versatile and is compatible with a wide range of cell types across taxonomic domains. It can readily be adapted to replace detergent in many protein purification methods, often with only minor changes made to the existing protocol. Moreover, biophysical analysis and structural determination may now be a possibility for many large, unstable MPs. Here, we review recent advances in the area of SMALP purification and how it is affecting the field of MP biology, critically assess recent progress made with this method, address some of the associated technical challenges which may remain unresolved and discuss opportunities for exploiting SMALPs to expand our understanding of structural and functional properties of MPs.
Comparative life cycle assessment of induction machines made with copper‐cage or aluminium‐cage rotors
Authors: Cassoret Bertrand , Manata Jean‐Paul , Mallard Vincent , Roger Daniel
Published: November 2018

This paper deals with Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of induction machines and try to determine whether a copper‐cage rotor is better than an aluminium‐cage one, for a given using time and considering the global environmental footprint. The paper focuses on induction motors directly connected to the power grid, without electronic converters. The LCA takes into account the materials extraction, the machine construction, the use and the end of life for several criteria. In the first part, a copper conductor is compared to an aluminium one and results are discussed considering the part of recycled material in the rotor manufacturing process. In a second part, two machines with the same efficiency are compared. The environmental impacts differences are discussed. In the third part, two machines of the same sizes, but with a different rotor, are compared considering various usage times. The lower losses of the copper‐rotor machine yield a significant advantage for the efficiency but the gains are smaller when the global life cycle is considered.
Train distance and speed estimation using multi sensor data fusion
Authors: Muniandi Ganesan , Deenadayalan Ezhilarasi
Published: November 2018

The accurate distance and speed estimates of train and individual coaches are necessary for the safe operation of the high‐speed train system. Often, the train system does not rely on a single sensor for its distance and speed measurements as the sensors are susceptible to diverse operating conditions such as snow, rain, fog, tunnel, hilly region, slip, slide, etc. Hence, the information from a combination of sensors which can complement each other under certain operating conditions is required for the correct estimation. For distance measurements, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and balise are generally used. For speed sensing, the combination of wheel sensor, radar and GNSS are chosen. The diversity of sensors in terms of sampling rate and noise characteristics, etc. greatly affect the overall estimation accuracy and reliability if the measurements are used directly. Hence, this work presents a probabilistic weighted fusion algorithm which is based on the nonlinear longitudinal train dynamic model. The fusion algorithm combines the state estimates from distributed and sensor‐specific extended Kalman filters. The effectiveness of the proposed fusion algorithm is demonstrated on the simulated sensor measurements along with a wide range of noises, spurious measurements, train operating conditions and track environmental disturbances.
Minimising number of sensors in wireless sensor networks for structure health monitoring systems
Authors: El‐Qawasma Farah AbdelMutaleb , Elfouly Tarek Mohamed , Ahmed Mohamed Hossam
Published: November 2018

Sensor placement optimisation is an important problem in the field of structural health monitoring (SHM). Many researchers solve this problem by focusing only on the network requirements, without considering the civil engineering requirements. However, there are researchers that optimise the sensor placement considering network and civil requirements. Unfortunately, those researchers did not address minimising the number of sensors. As a result, in this research we study the problem of minimising the number of sensors for SHM in wireless sensors networks satisfying both civil and network requirements. The authors’ contribution in this work is showing the mathematical model of the mentioned problem. Then, solve the problem using different methods: exhaustive search, genetic algorithm (GA), and a numerical iterative algorithm that applies binary search (BS). The problem is solved using different number of sensors as well as different placements in many conducted experiments. The obtained results showed that minimising the number of sensors becomes more significant with big structures. Furthermore, the BS algorithm is the best to use to solve the problem for small buildings. However, for larger buildings, there is a trade‐off between the performance, and time complexity, where the BS gives optimal solution, but GA gives better time execution.
Non-thermal electrons from solar nanoflares
Authors: Bakke H. , Frogner L. , Gudiksen B. V.
Published: November 2018

Context. We introduce a model for including accelerated particles in pure magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations of the solar atmosphere.

Aims. We show that the method is viable and produces results that enhance the realism of MHD simulations of the solar atmosphere.

Methods. The acceleration of high-energy electrons in solar flares is an accepted fact, but is not included in the most advanced 3D simulations of the solar atmosphere. The effect of the acceleration is not known, and here we introduce a simple method to account for the ability of the accelerated electrons to move energy from the reconnection sites and into the dense transition zone and chromosphere.

Results. The method was only run for a short time and with low reconnection energies, but this showed that the reconnection process itself changes, and that there is a clear effect on the observables at the impact sites of the accelerated electrons. Further work will investigate the effect on the reconnection sites and the impact sites in detail.
Framework for the Simulation of an Aircraft Final Assembly Line
Authors: Ottogalli Kiara , Rosquete Daniel , Rojo Javier , Amundarain Aiert , Rodríguez José María , Borro Diego
Published: November 2018

The EU ACCLAIM project as part of the European Clean Sky 2 activities is oriented to improve the aircraft assembly process. The SIMFAL H2020 Clean Sky 2 project is part of the ACCLAIM project, whose objective is to analyse, plan and optimize automated assembly tasks of cabin and cargo interior parts, with a coexistence between human workforce and machines (lightweight robots and AGVs). SIMFAL framework integrates VR and AR systems to help the user to work in limited spaces, collaborating with automation systems. The VR system aids the user to visualize different assembly processes in an immersive environment, and evaluate them in terms of time and ergonomics to choose the best one. The output of this system will feed the AR system, that will use the best process to guide the user though the assembly tasks, showing context-sensitive information about the tasks and the environment through a help assistant. This paper is focused on showing the first results of the implementation of a VR simulation of aircraft assembly tasks, based on the SIMFAL framework design. The proof of concept is tested with a simulation of six real scenarios and ergonomics experiments already done in Airbus facilities.
Electric Aircraft: Exploiting the Synergy between Powertrain, Energy Management and Structure
Authors: Donateo Teresa , De Pascalis Claudia Lucia , Ficarella Antonio
Published: November 2018

This study aims at investigating the synergy between powertrain and structure within the design process of a fixed-wing tail-sitter unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The UAV is equipped with a pure-electric power system and has vertical take-off and landing capabilities (VTOL). The problem is addressed by running a contemporary optimization of the parameters of both the powertrain and the UAV’s structure, in order to maximize electric endurance and payload weight through the usage of a performant multi-objective evolutionary algorithm named SMS-EMOA. Three different designs are selected, discussed and compared with literature results on the same UAV to quantify the increase of payload and cruise time that can be obtained by exploiting the synergy between structure and powertrain. The potentiality of furtherly improving payload through the usage of multi-functional panels, while keeping the same endurance, is also quantified and compared with the technologies proposed in literature.
Wire-arc additive manufacturing of Al-Mg alloy using CMT and PMC technologies
Authors: Gomes Bianca F. , Morais Paulo J. , Ferreira Vítor , Pinto Margarida , de Almeida Luiz H.
Published: November 2018

Among the several metallic additive manufacturing (MAM) technologies available, the wire-and-arc based ones are very beneficial due to the lower operational costs, higher efficiency use of raw materials, and high deposition rates achieved. The Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) process stands out by the lower heat input compared to the other wire-and-arc based methods. On the other hand, processes such as Pulse Multi Control (PMC) and its variants have not been tested yet in additive manufacturing and for this reason they should be evaluated. Therefore, considering the technologies potential and the need of automotive and aeronautical industry of manufacturing parts of complex and optimized geometry in a faster way, the study of these technologies is very relevant. Thus, the objective of this paper is the additive manufacturing of walls with Al-Mg alloy using CMT, CMT-Pulse, PMC, PMC-Mix, and MIG-Pulse, and the evaluation of the hardness, mechanical strength, and porosity of the manufactured parts aiming future industrial applications. The results showed good mechanical properties, small pore fraction, and geometric uniformity of parts produced with PMC and PMC-Mix. MIG-Pulse and PMC parts presented the smaller pore fraction among the GMAW variants, although no difference was noticed in the mechanical properties of the parts.
Modeling of aircraft jet noise in airports
Authors: Georgieva Hristina , Georgiev Krasin
Published: November 2018

A mathematical model with 4 degree of freedom created in Matlab for aircraft final landing trajectory is described in this paper. A midsize commercial passenger aircraft similar to an Airbus A320 has been chosen as a reference aircraft. The parameters of model are obtained from Airbus, Eurocontrol and the approach procedure at the Munich airport is selected up from Jeppesen Airway manual. A semi-empirical model of Stone for predicting the jet noise has been used. The proposed model was validated against 10 real flights obtained from Aircraft noise monitoring at Munich airport. The computed error between the real data and modelling is reported on. Obtained results are presented numerical and graphically. The observed effects of aircraft speed, aircraft angle of descent and aircraft weight for reduction of aircraft jet noise in airports represent subjects of discussions in the paper.
Automotive compressor: effect of an electric throttle in the upstream circuit on the surge limit
Authors: Podevin Pierre , Danlos Amélie , Deligant Michaël , Punov Plamen , Clenci Adrian , De La Bourdonnaye Guillaume
Published: November 2018

On vehicles equipped with a turbocharged engine, there is a risk of compressor surge. This surge generates instabilities that lead to driving inconvenience, or even mechanical failure of the supercharging system. In general, the surge appears rather in transient operation: sudden closing of the throttle valve on gasoline engine, regulation of the EGR on diesel engine linked also to turbine regulation (VNT device or Waste Gate). On a turbocharger test stand, we set up the surge line in a “conventional way”: stationary experiments. Then we set up this line in transient conditions for different positions of an electric throttle placed upstream the compressor. It appears that: the surge limit is pushing back to lower flow rates when it is determined in transient; the surge limit is pushing back to lower flow rates when closing the throttle valve. The tests were carried on by the transient analysis of the surge during a quick closing-opening of the electric throttle valve.
Experimental study of multiple pilot injection strategy in an automotive direct injection diesel engine
Authors: Punov Plamen , Gechev Tsvetomir , Mihalkov Svetoslav , Podevin Pierre , Barta Dalibor
Published: November 2018

The pilot injection strategy is a widely used approach for reducing the noise of the combustion process in direct injection diesel engines. In the last generation of automotive diesel engines up to several pilot injections could occur to better control the rate of heat release (ROHR) in the cylinder as well as the pollutant formation. However, determination of the timing and duration for each pilot injection needs to be precisely optimised. In this paper an experimental study of the pilot injection strategy was conducted on a direct injection diesel engine. Single and double pilot injection strategy was studied. The engine rated power is 100 kW at 4000 rpm while the rated torque is 320 Nm at 2000 rpm. An engine operating point determined by the rotation speed of 1400 rpm and torque of 100 Nm was chosen. The pilot and pre-injection timing was widely varied in order to study the influence on the combustion process as well as on the fuel consumption.
An experimental and numerical study of forces and residual stresses in AISI 316L stainless steel joints due to conventional and pulse gas tungsten arc welding
Authors: Muhtarov Ivan , Iamboliev Teofil , Tsonev Veselin
Published: November 2018

This paper aims to present the results of a numerical and experimental study of the temperature field, internal forces and the residual stresses in 2 mm thick autogenous welds of AISI 316L stainless steel produced by continuous and pulse current gas tungsten arc welding. A special experimental device was used to measure the temperature and the internal forces due to the welding. The welds were qualified for internal and external weld imperfections according to ISO 15614-1. FEM software ANSYS® Multyphysics™ was applied in order to solve the thermal and mechanical problems. Normal residual stresses were measured by the hole-drilling strain gauge method in the continuous current weld. The peak value of the longitudinal stress was 80 % of the base metal yield stress. The magnitude of the numerically obtained residual stress values was found to be 16 % to 19 % above the measured one in the longitudinal and transverse direction, respectively. The experimental device used in this study allowed for a real time measurement of forces far from the weld seam. On the basis of the correspondence between the calculated and measured forces the numerical results were verified. Therefore, this device might open up new possibilities for determining thermo-mechanical material data.
Some aspects of the influence of the vertical wind speed gradient on the blade aerodynamics loads in high class wind generators
Authors: Genov Julian
Published: November 2018

The powerful wind generators, producing electric power on the order of megawatts are with impressive sizes. The studies on the interaction between the air flow and the wind turbine usually assume the airflow as homogeneous in vertical direction. While for smaller wind turbines this assumption does not lead to significant inaccuracies, for powerful generators the vertical gradient of the wind velocity causes a dependence of the aerodynamic interaction from the angle of rotation of the propeller and leads to a significant cyclic variability of the forces and moments acting on the blades, even for a flow considered as stationary in time. The study of this problem is important for strength loads and fatigue calculations as well as for an implementation of an individual pitch-control of the blades, which could allow a synthesis of a regulation depending on the angular position of the turbine. This could contribute to higher performance and higher reliability.
Research of safety indicators of diesel train movement with two-stage spring suspension
Authors: Kuzyshyn Andriy , Batig Andriy , Kostritsa Sergei , Sobolevska Julia , Kovalchuk Vitalii , Dovhanyuk Stepan , Voznyak Oleg
Published: November 2018

The problem of the interaction of rolling stock with the rail track has been analyzed in the present paper. It has been established that in the process of transport science development a number of methods for determining the causes of wheel pairs derailment are developed, which, in a varying degree, take into account the peculiarities of their interaction. The problem of choosing the most accurate method for estimating the causes of rolling stock derailment becomes more complicated because of the lack of sufficient experimental data that would allow us to verify the adequacy of the models. The indicators of stability of the wheel against derailment, which are used on the railways of Ukraine and Europe, have been examined. Their dependences on the speed of movement were derived. It has been established that the increase of the speed of motion leads to the increase of the interaction power of the rolling stock with the rail track, which may, under certain operational parameters, provoke its derailment. As a result of the calculations, it has been shown that the use of norms for car design and calculation used on Ukrainian railways can lead to an inadequate estimation of traffic safety parameters, since it does not take into account the unevenness of the railway track. It has been established that the requirements of BS EN 14363: 2005 European norms are stricter in comparison with the norms for calculation and evaluation of the bearing elements strength and dynamic qualities of motor-vehicle rolling stock used on Ukrainian railways. A comparison of the experimentally and theoretically calculated values of the stability margin coefficient against wheel derailment of the first wheel pair of the diesel train car was carried out.
Transport of dangerous goods by rail
Authors: Galieriková Andrea , Sosedová Jarmila , Dávid Andrej , Bariak Miroslav
Published: November 2018

Every day, products identified as dangerous goods are transported across the EU by road, rail, water and air. Currently, large quantities of different types of dangerous goods are transported by rail. The influence of random factors and events can lead to an accident resulting in a leakage of hazardous substances. These types of incidents not only threaten the safety of rail transport, but also life, environment and property. The paper defines legal framework of DGT (dangerous good transport), risks during the carriage of hazardous materials and the main advantages of the rail transport of dangerous goods, compared with other transport modes.
The Possibility of Capacity Increase on the Modernised and Electrified Railway Line R201 along the Zaprešić – Zabok Section
Authors: Ljubaj Ivica , Mlinarić Tomislav Josip , Ležaić Tomislav , Starčević Martin
Published: November 2018

This paper is focused on the regional railway track line R201 which begins at the Zaprešić railway station (who is a part of the M101 railway line - part of this Mediterranean corridor) and it separates itself from the international Mediterranean TEN-T corridor. In the forthcoming period is planned electrification and modernization of the R201 railway line, so this paper will be focused on capacity calculation as well on the utilization of the new available capacity. There will be made simulation, with the Opentrack program package for railway simulation, of the possibility to equip this line with the ETCS Level 1 and Level 2 safety systems and then it will be made comparation of the results (available capacity) obtained by simulations with the results without having equipped track with these modern safety systems. As the main idea of electrification and modernization of this track is to include her in the suburban passenger system of the city of Zagreb and to transport freight by railway, there will be given some suggestions how to improve capacity utilization.
Energy consumption and greenhouse gases emissions on relation Brno - Jihlava
Authors: Ľupták Vladimír , Hlatká Martina , Kampf Rudolf
Published: November 2018

Currently, the influence of transport on the environment represents a serious problem, especially in terms of energy consumption and generation of gases causing global warming. The contribution on the topic of comparing energy consumption and greenhouse gases emissions on relation Brno – Jihlava thus aims to describe generation of emissions in the current types of transport and their calculation according to EN 16258:2012. The results of the calculations will be expressed in emission intensity units to the number of passengers transported. The EN 16258:2012 calculations will be applied to passenger rail transport. In particular, energy intensity and generation of greenhouse gases will be monitored in relation to travelling the distance between Brno and Jihlava.
Irregularities in Czech Integrated Periodic Timetable
Authors: Drábek Michal
Published: November 2018

The aim of this paper is categorization of various irregularities in Integrated Periodic Timetable (IPT), according to their impact on passengers. For instance, minor deviations in departure minutes can cause almost zero impact, provided that all periodic transfer connections are ensured for each service. On the other hand, skipping of a periodic service at off-peak hours can considerably lengthen some passenger transport chains. Chosen categories of irregularities are illustrated by examples from 2017/2018 Czech railway timetable.
Logistics of information in intermodal transport
Authors: Mańkowski Cezary , Weiland Dariusz
Published: November 2018

The contemporary economy is characterised by a high degree of reliance on modern technologies and information systems. Modern technologies have become a source of innovativeness and a tool for building competitive advantage across all sectors of the market, including transportation. Such technologies as telematics, RFID and GPS/GPRS have contributed to the development of transport systems. Information logistics is crucial in order for the modern technologies to be utilised effectively in transportation. This necessity is driven by the fact that information is a type of resource and hence requieres adequate logistics. The same applies to intermodal transport, where it is vital to manage the stores of information appropriately and efficiently through well organised logistics. This article discusses logistics of information as one of the key auxiliaries to intermodal transport. It also outlines an innovative approach to information as viewed from the perspective of domestic railway companies, which may benefit from implementing information logistics in order to utilise such assets as railway infrastructure, supply trains, train stations, sidetracks and ground adjacent to railtracks. This, in turn, will allow them to transition from being traditional transport suppliers to the rank of logistics integrators responsible for handling intermodal transport. The authors elaborate on the possible functional mechanisms of an intermodal transport market whose management and supervision is assumed by a domestic railway service supplier, thereby becoming an integrator of logistics for intermodal transport whose operating draws on information flows between operators working in different sectors of transport.