bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic effects on the timing of parturition and links to fetal birth weight
Authors: Solé-Navais Pol , Flatley Christopher , Steinthorsdottir Valgerdur , Vaudel Marc , Juodakis Julius , Chen Jing , Laisk Triin , LaBella Abigail L. , Westergaard David , Bacelis Jonas , Brumpton Ben , Skotte Line , Borges Maria C. , Helgeland Øyvind , Mahajan Anubha , Wielscher Matthias , Lin Frederick , Briggs Catherine , Wang Carol A. , Moen Gunn-Helen , Beaumont Robin N. , Bradfield Jonathan P. , Abraham Abin , Thorleifsson Gudmar , Gabrielsen Maiken E. , Ostrowski Sisse R. , Modzelewska Dominika , Nohr Ellen A. , Hypponen Elina , Srivastava Amit , Talbot Octavious , Allard Catherine , Williams Scott M. , Menon Ramkumar , Shields Beverley M. , Sveinbjornsson Gardar , Xu Huan , Melbye Mads , Lowe William , Bouchard Luigi , Oken Emily , Pedersen Ole B. , Gudbjartsson Daniel F. , Erikstrup Christian , Sørensen Erik ,   Early Growth Genetics Consortium, McCarthy Mark I. ,   Estonian Biobank Research Team,   Danish Blood Donor Study Genomic Consortium, Lie Rolv T. , Teramo Kari , Hallman Mikko , Juliusdottir Thorhildur , Hakonarson Hakon , Ullum Henrik , Hattersley Andrew T. , Sletner Line , Merialdi Mario , Rifas-Shiman Sheryl L. , Steingrimsdottir Thora , Scholtens Denise , Power Christine , West Jane , Nyegaard Mette , Capra John A. , Skogholt Anne H. , Magnus Per , Andreassen Ole A. , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Grant Struan F. A. , Qvigstad Elisabeth , Pennell Craig E. , Hivert Marie-France , Hayes Geoffrey M. , Jarvelin Marjo-Riitta , McCarthy Mark I. , Lawlor Deborah A. , Nielsen Henriette S. , Mägi Reedik , Rokas Antonis , Hveem Kristian , Stefansson Kari , Feenstra Bjarke , Njolstad Pål , Muglia Louis J. , Freathy Rachel M. , Johansson Stefan , Zhang Ge , Jacobsson Bo
Published: April 2023

The timing of parturition is crucial for neonatal survival and infant health. Yet, its genetic basis remains largely unresolved. We present a maternal genome-wide meta-analysis of gestational duration (n = 195,555), identifying 22 associated loci (24 independent variants) and an enrichment in genes differentially expressed during labor. A meta-analysis of preterm delivery (18,797 cases, 260,246 controls) revealed seven associated loci and large genetic similarities with gestational duration. Analysis of the parental transmitted and nontransmitted alleles (n = 136,833) shows that 15 of the gestational duration genetic variants act through the maternal genome, whereas 7 act both through the maternal and fetal genomes and 2 act only via the fetal genome. Finally, the maternal effects on gestational duration show signs of antagonistic pleiotropy with the fetal effects on birth weight: maternal alleles that increase gestational duration have negative fetal effects on birth weight. The present study provides insights into the genetic effects on the timing of parturition and the complex maternal–fetal relationship between gestational duration and birth weight.
Lorlatinib with or without chemotherapy in ALK-driven refractory/relapsed neuroblastoma: phase 1 trial results
Authors: Goldsmith Kelly C. , Park Julie R. , Kayser Kimberly , Malvar Jemily , Chi Yueh-Yun , Groshen Susan G. , Villablanca Judith G. , Krytska Kateryna , Lai Lillian M. , Acharya Patricia T. , Goodarzian Fariba , Pawel Bruce , Shimada Hiroyuki , Ghazarian Susan , States Lisa , Marshall Lynley , Chesler Louis , Granger Meaghan , Desai Ami V. , Mody Rajen , Morgenstern Daniel A. , Shusterman Suzanne , Macy Margaret E. , Pinto Navin , Schleiermacher Gudrun , Vo Kieuhoa , Thurm Holger C. , Chen Joseph , Liyanage Marlon , Peltz Gerson , Matthay Katherine K. , Berko Esther R. , Maris John M. , Marachelian Araz , Mossé Yael P.
Published: April 2023

Neuroblastomas harborALKaberrations clinically resistant to crizotinib yet sensitive pre-clinically to the third-generation ALK inhibitor lorlatinib. We conducted a first-in-child study evaluating lorlatinib with and without chemotherapy in children and adults with relapsed or refractory ALK-driven neuroblastoma. The trial is ongoing, and we report here on three cohorts that have met pre-specified primary endpoints: lorlatinib as a single agent in children (12 months to <18 years); lorlatinib as a single agent in adults (≥18 years); and lorlatinib in combination with topotecan/cyclophosphamide in children (<18 years). Primary endpoints were safety, pharmacokinetics and recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D). Secondary endpoints were response rate and123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) response. Lorlatinib was evaluated at 45–115 mg/m2/dose in children and 100–150 mg in adults. Common adverse events (AEs) were hypertriglyceridemia (90%), hypercholesterolemia (79%) and weight gain (87%). Neurobehavioral AEs occurred mainly in adults and resolved with dose hold/reduction. The RP2D of lorlatinib with and without chemotherapy in children was 115 mg/m2. The single-agent adult RP2D was 150 mg. The single-agent response rate (complete/partial/minor) for <18 years was 30%; for ≥18 years, 67%; and for chemotherapy combination in <18 years, 63%; and 13 of 27 (48%) responders achieved MIBG complete responses, supporting lorlatinib’s rapid translation into active phase 3 trials for patients with newly diagnosed high-risk, ALK-driven neuroblastoma. ClinicalTrials.gov registration:NCT03107988.
Risk factors for pathological fracture in patients with mandibular osteoradionecrosis
Authors: Ohori Hiroaki , Iwata Eiji , Takeda Daisuke , Kusumoto Junya , Hasegawa Takumi , Akashi Masaya
Published: April 2023

Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) often results in pathological fractures through progression. We aimed to identify the risk factors for pathological fracture in patients with mandibular ORN. Seventy-four patients with mandibular ORN were included in this retrospective study. We investigated various risk factors for pathological fracture in patients with mandibular ORN, including number of mandibular teeth with a poor prognosis each at initial evaluation before radiation therapy (RT) and when fracture occurred, and the proportion of antibiotic administration period in a follow-up duration after RT. The rate of occurrence of pathological fractures in patients with mandibular ORN was 25.7%. The median of duration between RT completion and fracture occurrence was 74.0 months. We found that pathological fracture was significantly associated with a larger number of mandibular teeth with a poor prognosis at initial evaluation before RT (P = 0.024) and when fracture occurred (P = 0.009). Especially, a larger number of mandibular teeth with P4 periodontitis, in other words severe periodontal status, was related to pathological fracture in both timings. The proportion of antibiotic administration period in a follow-up duration was also significant risk factor (P = 0.002). Multivariate analyses showed statistically significant associations between pathological fracture and a larger number of mandibular teeth with a poor prognosis when fracture occurred (hazard ratio 3.669). The patient with a larger number of mandibular teeth with P4 periodontitis may have a risk of not only occurrence of ORN but resulting in pathological fracture by accumulation of infection. Surgeons should consider extraction of those teeth regardless of before/after RT if necessary for infection control.
Metabolic profile in first episode drug naïve patients with psychosis and its relation to cognitive functions and social cognition: a case control study
Authors: Sayed Samir El , Gomaa Sarah , Alhazmi Alaa , ElKalla Ibrahem , Khalil Dalia
Published: April 2023

1st episode drug naïve patients with psychosis might be at higher risk for cardiometabolic disturbances which could affect the different cognitive, and executive functions and domains of social cognition. This study aimed to study the metabolic parameters in 1st episode drug naïve patients with psychosis, to evaluate the relation of these cardiometabolic domains to the cognitive, executive functions, and social cognition. Socio-demographic characteristics of 150 first episode drug naïve patients with psychosis and 120 matched healthy control groups were collected. The current study also assessed the cardiometabolic profile and cognitive functions in both groups. Social cognition was examined by Edinburgh Social Cognition Test. The study revealed a statistically significant difference in parameters of metabolic profile among the studied groups (p < 0.001*), the scores of cognitive and executive tests were statistically significantly different (p < 0.001*). In addition, the patient's group has lowered scores of domains of social cognition (p < 0.001*). Also, the mean affective theory of mind was negatively correlated with the conflict cost of the Flanker test (r = -.185* p value = .023). The total cholesterol level (r = − 0.241**, p value = .003) and level of triglycerides (r = − 0.241**, p value = 0.003) were negatively correlated with the interpersonal domain of social cognition, the total cholesterol level is positively correlated to the total score of social cognition (r = 0.202*, p value = 0.013). Patients with 1st episode drug naïve psychosis showed disturbed cardiometabolic parameters which have deleterious effects on cognitive functions and social cognition.
Dynamical dissipative and radiative flow of comparative an irreversibility analysis of micropolar and hybrid nanofluid over a Joule heating inclined channel
Authors: Raju S. Suresh Kumar
Published: April 2023

This report scrutinized the influence of radiation and Ohmic heating on the dissipative flow of micropolar and hybrid nanofluid within an inclined length $$2h$$

2
h

channel under convective boundary conditions. Primary flow equations are renewed as the system of NODEs with the assistance of proper similarity conversions. In two circumstances, hybrid fluid flow and micropolar fluid flow, a blend of shooting and Runge–Kutta 4th order strategy, is used to achieve the desired results. The critical consequences of the current study are Larger pressure gradient minimizes the fluid velocity, and a more significant inertia parameter minimizes the rotation profile in the case of Newtonian fluid flow but facilitates the same in the case of hybrid nanofluid flow. It is perceived that the escalation in Brinkmann number causes the amelioration in the fluid temperature, and the radiation parameter mitigates the same. Furthermore, it is discovered that the Grashoff number enhances the Bejan number at the centre of the channel but lessens the same at other areas. Finally, validation is executed to compare the current outcomes with the former results and perceive a good agreement.
Study of workshop network stability based on pinning control in disturbance environment
Authors: Li Xiaojuan , Cui Gaojian , Li Shunmin , Zhang Fangyuan
Published: April 2023

In the production process, the manufacturing behavior and all the essential factors are affected by several disturbance factors, showing a complex dynamic fluctuation law. It makes the stability control process a difficult problem in environmental constraints. In this paper, the workshop production process is considered, and an improved coupled map lattice workshop production network state model is proposed. On this basis, the controller with the function of resource load protection is designed, and the network state model of the workshop based on the pinning control is developed. Three kinds of stability control strategies, SAC (Self-adaption Control) , SC (Self-acting Control) and PC (Pinning Control) , are designed based on disturbance triggering behavior and node state transition rules. In addition, two control effect evaluation indexes, RTS (Recovery Time Steps) and NFT (Node Failure Times) are designed. Considering the actual production data of diesel fuel injection system parts production workshop as example, the model is simulated and verified. The results show that under different disturbance intensities, compared with the SAC strategy, the RTS-Average value of the PC strategy is reduced by 29.83% on average, and the NFT-Average values are reduced by 46.9% on average. This proves that the pinning control strategy has certain advantages in controlling time length and propagation scale of disturbance propagation.
Quantifying mutant huntingtin protein in human cerebrospinal fluid to support the development of huntingtin-lowering therapies
Authors: Vauleon Stephanie , Schutz Katharina , Massonnet Benoit , Gruben Nanda , Manchester Marianne , Buehler Alessandra , Schick Eginhard , Boak Lauren , Hawellek David J.
Published: April 2023

Huntington’s disease (HD) is caused by a cytosine adenine guanine-repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene. This results in the production of toxic mutant huntingtin protein (mHTT), which has an elongated polyglutamine (polyQ) stretch near the protein’s N-terminal end. The pharmacological lowering of mHTT expression in the brain targets the underlying driver of HD and is one of the principal therapeutic strategies being pursued to slow or stop disease progression. This report describes the characterisation and validation of an assay designed to quantify mHTT in the cerebrospinal fluid of individuals with HD, for use in registrational clinical trials. The assay was optimised, and its performance was characterised with recombinant huntingtin protein (HTT) varying in overall and polyQ-repeat length. The assay was successfully validated by two independent laboratories in regulated bioanalytical environments and showed a steep signal increase as the polyQ stretch of recombinant HTTs pivoted from wild-type to mutant protein forms. Linear mixed effects modelling confirmed highly parallel concentration–response curves for HTTs, with only a minor impact of individual slopes of the concentration–response for different HTTs (typically < 5% of the overall slope). This implies an equivalent quantitative signal behaviour for HTTs with differing polyQ-repeat lengths. The reported method may be a reliable biomarker tool with relevance across the spectrum of HD mutations, which can facilitate the clinical development of HTT-lowering therapies in HD.
Engineering cationic vacancies on sphere-like zinc cobaltite microstructuresviaself-assembly of silkworm-like interconnected nanoparticles for battery-type supercapacitors
Authors: Rajasekhara Reddy Gutturu , Prathyusha Gangavarapu , Jung Namgee , Sravani Bathinapatla , Joo Sang Woo
Published: April 2023

Cationic (Zn) vacancies were introduced into ZnCo2O4microspheresviasolvothermal synthesis method. These vacancies improved the electrochemical performance of ZnCo2O4when utilized as electrode material in battery-type supercapacitors.
Structural analysis of potassium borate solutions
Authors: Zhu Fayan , Bowron Daniel T. , Gärtner Sabrina , Fang Chunhui , Zhou Yongquan , Liu Hongyan , Hannon Alex C.
Published: April 2023

The structure of aqueous potassium borate solutions is studied by neutron diffraction with H/D isotopic substitution. Key hydration modes of the borate ions are highlighted by a combination of empirical potential structure refinement and DFT.
Co-adsorption of tetracycline and Cu(ii) onto a novel amino-functionalized biochar: adsorption behavior and mechanism
Authors: Zhang Yanru , Deng Jiaqin , Liu Yunan , Li Hui , Tan Mengjiao , Qin Xiaoli , Wu Zijian , Huang Zhongliang , Li Xiaodong , Lu Qiang
Published: April 2023

In this work, a novel amino-functionalized biochar (NS-700) was prepared successfully by pretreating biomass with (NH4)2S2O8, and could be used for the simultaneous and efficient removal of tetracycline (TC) and Cu(ii).
Anticancer SAR establishment and α/β-tubulin isoform specific targeting: a detailed insight of the anticancer potential of 4H-chromene derivatives
Authors: Mayank  , Singh Ashutosh , Saumya Kumar Udit , Joshi Mayank , Kaur Navneet , Garg Neha , Singh Narinder
Published: April 2023

The anticancer activity of chromene derivatives was explored. MNC-1 showed the best anticancer potential and is expected to deliver the best activity against cancer cells with β1 and/or β8 over-expression.
A metal π-Lewis base activation model for Pd-catalyzed hydroamination of amines and 1,3-dienes
Authors: Yan Xiao , Yang Xiu-Ming , Yan Peng , Zhao Bo , Zeng Rong , Pan Bin , Chen Ying-Chun , Zhu Lei , Ouyang Qin
Published: April 2023

We propose a metal π-Lewis base activation model for Pd-catalyzed hydroamination of amines and 1,3-dienes, wherein the electron-rich Pd(0) was considered as a Lewis base to activate dienesviaπ-back donation.
Water molecule switching heterogeneous proton-coupled electron transfer pathway
Authors: Liu Zhonghuan , Peng Wei , Lin Yuhan , Lin Xinyu , Yin Shikang , Jia Shuhan , Ma Dongge , Yan Yan , Zhou Peng , Ma Wanhong , Zhao Jincai
Published: April 2023

Water-participation matters: the photo-induced single-proton/single-electron transfer pathway on TiO2 nanoparticles can be significantly switched from stepwise PT/ET to one-step CPET by adsorbed water molecules.
Thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for investigating the thermal degradation of polyurethanes
Authors: Becker Roland , Scholz Philipp , Jung Christian , Weidner Steffen
Published: April 2023

TD GC-MS can be used as an additional tool for determining polyurethane degradation products, closing the low-molecular mass gap.
A conventional and chemometric analytical approach to solving urea determination with accuracy and precision
Authors: Pellá Michelly Cristina Galdioli , Simão Andressa Renatta , Valderrama Patrícia , Rubira Adley Forti
Published: April 2023

Urea is an essential molecule usually detected using spectroscopy, particularly ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy (UV-vis).
Palladium-catalyzed remote meta-C–H olefination of cinnamates
Authors: Bakthadoss Manickam , Hussain Mir Ashiq , Reddy Tadiparthi Thirupathi
Published: April 2023

Palladium-catalyzed novel remote meta-C–H olefination of geometrically challenging cinnamates using nitrile directing group derived from 2-cyanobenzoic acid has been described. A variety of bioactive molecules tethered acrylates have been coupled.
Coupling Cu doping and oxygen vacancies in Co3O4for efficient electrochemical nitrate conversion to ammonia
Authors: Li Bo , Xue Pengfei , Bai Yu , Tang Qin , Qiao Man , Zhu Dongdong
Published: April 2023

Coupling Cu doping and oxygen vacancies in Co3O4can greatly improve its electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction performance towards NH3generation.
Coaxial assembly of helical aromatic foldamers by metal coordination
Authors: Galan Albano , Lulic Kristijan , Wang Jingqi , Wicher Barbara , Huc Ivan , Duhamel Jean , Maurizot Victor
Published: April 2023

A new ligation method for piling up helical aromatic foldamers into rigid coaxial stacks has allowed the formation of discrete dimers and of dynamic supramolecular polymers.
Dyes for guest–host liquid crystal applications: a general approach to the rapid computational assessment of useful molecular designs
Authors: Sims Mark T. , Abbott Laurence C. , Mandle Richard J. , Goodby John W. , Moore John N.
Published: April 2023

Computational calculations predict the dichroic ratios of a range of anthraquinone and azo dyes in a nematic liquid crystal host, as observed experimentally from polarized spectra of aligned guest–host samples.
Defect-rich Mo2S3 loaded wood-derived carbon acts as a spacer in lithium–sulfur batteries: forming a polysulfide capture net and promoting fast lithium flux
Authors: Huang Xin , Sha Wanli , He Songchun , Zhao Lijie , Li Shaobin , Lv Chunmei , Lou Chunhua , Xu Xintong , Wang Jianxin , Pan Hong
Published: April 2023

The vertical thorough pores of wood were used to promote the rapid and uniform lithium flux, and the in situ deposited Mo2S3 particles were used as the active sites for the polysulfide capture and catalysis.
Energy level alignments between organic and inorganic layers in 2D layered perovskites: conjugation vs. substituent
Authors: Mahal Eti , Mandal Shyama Charan , Roy Diptendu , Pathak Biswarup
Published: April 2023

Spacer cations with extended conjugation can induce an energy transfer from the excitonic level of the perovskite to the excited states of the organic unit, resulting ultimately in a colourful light emission.
Photochemical akynylperfluoroalkylation of unactive alkenes mediated by halogen-bonded charge-transfer complexes
Authors: Sun Huangbin , Huang Chang , Bin Xueting , Cui Fuzhi , Jiang Guofang
Published: April 2023

We describe a catalyst-free visible-light mediated akynylperfluoroalkylation of unactive alkenes with perfluoroalkyl iodides, which provides a series of α-perfluoroalkyl-β-alkynyl ketone derivatives.
Photothermally accelerated photocatalysis over hollow carbon@ZnIn2S4 for enhanced amine oxidation
Authors: Sun Dengrong , Joo Jeong-Un , Kim Dong-Pyo
Published: April 2023

Efficient solar energy utilization has attracted increasing interest in the past few decades.
The imperative of social sustainability and procurement in the Nigerian construction industry
Authors: Okeke Francis O. , Nnaemeka-okeke Rosemary C. , Awe Foluso C.
Published: April 2023

The social sustainability transition in the construction sector seeks to improve safety and health of workers, gainful employment and total inclusiveness. However, it is novel in the Nigerian construction industry and a less debated domain within this framework is how employment requirements provide opportunities for the socially disadvantaged such as the poorly educated, youths, immigrants and disabled individuals to be employed in the construction industry. In Nigeria alone, there are over 27 million disabled human species, most of who are living in extreme poverty with poor quality of life. Furthermore, there are evidence of development projects designed and built in developing countries that have failed socially and many mass housing scheme in Nigeria suffices as examples. Drawing on a systematic review of relevant literature, this research qualitatively examines social sustainability practices in the Nigerian construction industry, and highlight strategies for diffusing the approach at each phase of the project life cycle. The outcome of the result will initiate a novel research domain and promote sound academic debate towards improving total inclusiveness in Nigerian and Africa’s built environment. The potential impact of this research is that it will contribute to the knowledge base of the social sustainability concept and provide an alternative solution to the increasing shortage of skilled labour force in the construction industry. Its conclusion surmises that social procurement is a strategic tool for creating employment for the disadvantaged in the construction sector.
Modelling and analysis of vehicle accident under mixed traffic conditions in Ilu Ababor zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Rage Fikedu , Mohammed Abdurrahman , Takele Asefa , Ismailov Astan , Mannobboyev Shuxratbek
Published: April 2023

Modelling and analysis of traffic accident has vital role in reduction of vehicle accident. This study is aimed to assess the rate traffic accident over the ranges of several years and to model traffic accident with influencing parameters. The data used for study were; Geometry of the road, recorded traffic accidents, traffic volume, surface condition of the road, driver behavior and road infrastructure. The result shows that, the death rate in vehicle accident from 2001 to 2004, 2006 to 2008 and 2009-2010 is increasing. Also, from 2004 to 2006, 2008 to 2009 and 2010 to 2013 shows the decreasing. In major injury, it is increasing in first five years except 2004 which shows some significant change. In the next four years from 2005 to 2009 it shows decreasing except 2007 which shows a significant increasing. From 2010 to 2013 it is decreasing in non-uniform manner. In minor injury due to vehicle accident, it shows increasing in first seven years and decreasing from 2004 to 2013, which improvement in road safety aspect. In property damage, it shows in increasing significantly from 2001 to 2005. After 2005 even though, estimated property lost is increasing or high the number of accidents recorded as property damage is decreasing which shows a little improvement. The important index of vehicle accident in heterogeneous traffic condition is rate of accident which has been computed for four years. Estimated rate of accident for 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 are 152, 98, 469, and 103 respectively. Multiple linear regression model has been developed to show the significance the predictors on the traffic accident. The developed regression model indicates that, lack of geometric design is the major factor that pay role in traffic accident of study area. The determinant of vehicle accident is operating speed. Finally, black spot area in each Woreda has been identified.
Improving the Accuracy of Identification of Non-Stationary Objects Based on the Regulation of Model Variables
Authors: Jumanov Isroil , Kholmonov Sunatillo , Djumanov Olimjon
Published: April 2023

Researched and developed mechanisms for optimizing the identification of random time series based on mechanisms for searching for unknown knowledge, hidden properties, patterns, relationships, features of non-stationary objects under the condition of limited a priori information, uncertainty, non-stationary processes. A generalized model for optimizing the identification of RTS based on the use of neural networks, neuro-fuzzy networks of dynamic models, as well as fuzzy logic algorithms is implemented. Instruments for data reliability control are obtained based on statistical, dynamic, intelligent approaches suitable for the conditions of transmission of incomplete, heterogeneous, partially given information with large parametric uncertainty. The principles and methods of data reliability control in a fuzzy environment are developed based on the generalization and use of the properties of neural networks, fuzzy logic and statistical modeling methods. Algorithms for searching for correlations, trends, interrelations and regularities in data, forming training, control and test sets for solving problems of recognition, classifying images of micro-objects and predicting power supply indicators are synthesized. The results of the research are implemented in the form of a software package for identifying non-stationary objects, which ensures the adaptability of model variables, high data processing performance and accuracy of results.
Study on desert agrophytocenoses on the drained bottom of the Aral Sea
Authors: Novitskiy Zinovy , Khamzaev Abdushukur , Bakirov Nizomiddin , Atadjanova Guzal , Abdukadirova Maloxat , Tasheva Umida
Published: April 2023

The drained bottom of the Aral Sea encloses an area of around 6 million hectares, of which 3.2 million hectares are located on the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In addition to the removal of salt, dust and sand from the dried seabed, which cause enormous damage to the environment, there is 1.5 million hectares forest-usable area on the Aral Sea, which in turn, can be seen as an opportunity to create desert shrub agrophytocenoses. The aim of this research was to develop the most effective strategies for establishing desert agrophytocenoses on the afforestationable area of bottom sediments of the drained Aral Sea and to select desert forage plants for increasing the productivity of the pastures created. Studies have shown that with the use of focal, pasture-protective and reclamation-forage methods, as well as forage plants such as chogon, teresken, boyalych, keireuk, it is possible to create pastures with a feed capacity of up to 500 feed units per 1 hectare. This will increase the number of grazed animals by 20-30%. The results can be applied to sediments from the drained Aral Sea bottom that are of the afforestationable type. In the near future, the drained bottom of the Aral Sea will serve as a reserve for animal feed, opening up new opportunities for the development of an animal husbandry industry in the Aral Sea region. At the same time, forage plants will fix the soils of the drained bottom of the Aral Sea, greatly enhancing the region’s ecological situation.
The Standard-Model Extension
Authors: Lehnert Ralf
Published: April 2023

Lorentz and CPT symmetry represent cornerstones of our present understanding of nature, but may be violated in various theoretical approaches to underlying physics. Testing these symmetries therefore establishes a promising avenue to search for physics beyond the Standard Model. The canonical theoretical tool to identify possible experimental signatures of such violations is an effective-field-theory framework known as the Standard-Model Extension. This talk provides an overview of this topic with focus on efforts involving low-energy atomic and subatomic systems.
Estimated performance of the TRIUMF ultracold neutron source and electric dipole moment apparatus
Authors: Sidhu Steve , Schreyer Wolfgang , Vanbergen Sean , Kawasaki Shinsuke , Matsumiya Ryohei , Okamura Takahiro , Picker Ruediger
Published: April 2023

Searches for the permanent electric dipole moment of the neutron (nEDM) provide strong constraints on theories beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. The TUCAN collaboration is constructing a source for ultra-cold neutrons (UCN) and an apparatus to search for the nEDM at TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada. In this work, we estimate that the spallation-driven UCN source based on a superfluid helium converter will provide (1.38 ± 0.02) 107 polarized UCN at a density of 217 ± 3 UCN/cm3 to a room-temperature EDM experiment per fill. With (1.43 ± 0.02) 106 neutrons detected after the Ramsey cycle, the statistical sensitivity for an nEDM search per storage cycle will be (1.94 ± 0.06) × 10−25 ecm (1σ). The goal sensitivity of 10−27 ecm (1σ) can be reached within 281 ± 16 measurement days.
Schulter – Rotatorenmanschette
Authors: Weiß Isabella , Akgün Doruk
Published: April 2023

Läsionen der Rotatorenmanschette sind eine häufige Pathologie. Dieser Übersichtsartikel fasst die zentralen Aspekte in der Diagnostik zusammen. Es werden die wichtigsten Funktionstests
und die aktuell gängigen Klassifikationen erläutert. Anschließend gibt der Artikel einen Überblick über Therapieoptionen und die Nachbehandlungsstrategien nach operativer Versorgung einer
Rotatorenmanschettenruptur.
Solid Pseudopapillary Epithelial Neoplasm of the Pancreas: A Rare Entity with Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Gandhe Sucheta , Patil Rahul , Yasam Venkata Ramesh , Nagarkar Raj
Published: April 2023

The solid pseudopapillary epithelial neoplasm (SPEN) of the pancreas is a relatively uncommon entity. The aim of the present study was to summarize our experiences with regard to diagnostic dilemma, surgery, postoperative follow-up, and management. This retrospective data were collected during the period from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020. A total of four patients (three females and one male) were identified within an age range of 13 to 25 years. All the patients were presented with nonspecific symptoms such as abdomen lumps, swelling in the abdomen, and abdominal pain. To reach a definite diagnosis, imaging studies were conducted along with endoscopic ultrasound fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) and biopsy. After confirmation of SPEN on biopsy, all the patients underwent surgery without any complications. Patients are on follow-up, and to date, no metastasis has been detected. SPEN is a rare pancreatic tumor with unusual pathological features leading to a diagnostic dilemma. The pathologist should be familiar with SPEN and its salient histological characteristics that differentiate it from other look-alike pancreatic tumors and can help in timely surgery and management.
Imaging of Anatomical Variants Around the Knee
Authors: Sconfienza Luca Maria , Albano Domenico , Messina Carmelo , Gitto Salvatore , Mariani Pier Paolo , Zappia Marcello
Published: April 2023

Several anatomical variants have been described in the knee. These variants may involve intra- and extra-articular structures, such as menisci, ligaments, plicae, bony structures, muscles, and tendons. They have a variable prevalence, are generally asymptomatic, and are usually discovered incidentally in knee magnetic resonance imaging examinations. A thorough knowledge of these findings is essential to avoid overestimating and overinvestigating normal findings. This article reviews most anatomical variants around the knee, describing how to avoid misinterpretation.
Imaging of Anatomical Variants Around the Hip
Authors: Klontzas Michail E. , Vassalou Evangelia E. , Zibis Aristeidis H. , Karantanas Apostolos H.
Published: April 2023

Considering the current widespread use of imaging as an integral part of managing hip pain, variable hip geometries and anatomical variants are increasingly being detected. These variants are commonly found in the acetabulum and proximal femur, as well as the surrounding capsule-labral tissues. The morphology of specific anatomical spaces confined by the proximal femur and the bony pelvis may also vary significantly among individuals. Familiarity with the spectrum of imaging appearances of the hip is necessary to identify variant hip morphologies with or without potential clinical relevance and reduce an unnecessary work-up and overdiagnosis. We describe anatomical variations and variable morphologies of the bony structures comprising the hip joint and the soft tissues, around the hip. The potential clinical significance of these findings is further analyzed in conjunction with the patient's profile.
Rethinking remote warfare
Authors: Rogers James
Published: April 2023

Remote Warfare is a product of the bellicose twenty-first century in which we live. Promises of a century, that would shun violence, revere international law, and outshine the darkness of the Cold War, have long since fallen by the wayside. Instead, the tragic events of 9/11, 2001, led the USA and its allies down the path to war and to the unforeseen consequences that transpired. As Sir Michael Howard argued back in 2006, ‘President Bush’s declaration of a “War Against Terror” was a war for which the United States claimed a hunter’s licence to use force anywhere in the world and the right to dispense with all the restraints of international law that they had done so much to create’ (Howard, 2006). This special issue analyses the legacies and emerging international implications of this ‘hunter’s licence’ and the remote military technologies/remote practices of Western warfare that were pioneered to fulfil it.
Thermal noise suppression in large fiber-optic gyroscopes
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: April 2023

Low-cost noise reduction in large FOGs increases sensitivity in gravitational wave detectors, universal time and seismic wave measurements.
Microwave annealing of silicon solar cells
Authors: Puthen Veettil Binesh , Zhang Yuchao , Payne David , Juhl Mattias , Huang Shujuan , Hallam Brett , Bagnall Darren
Published: April 2023

The microwave annealing of semiconductor devices has not been extensively researched and is rarely utilized in industry, yet it has the potential to significantly reduce the time and cost associated with large-volume semiconductor processing, such as the various heating and annealing processes required in the manufacture of photovoltaic modules. In this paper, we describe microwave annealing of silicon solar cells, the effective passivation of light-induced defects, and a reduction in light-induced degradation. We find that silicon solar cells are heated rapidly in a microwave field and that effective B–O defect passivation can be achieved by microwave processing in less than 2 s. Microwave annealing yields similar results as compared to rapid thermal annealing.
Mid-IR quantum cascade laser spectroscopy to resolve lipid dynamics during the photocycle of bacteriorhodopsin
Authors: Stritt Paul , Jawurek Michael , Hauser Karin
Published: April 2023

Membranes are crucial for the functionality of membrane proteins in several cellular processes. Time-resolved infrared (IR) spectroscopy enables the investigation of interaction-induced dynamics of the protein and the lipid membrane. The photoreceptor and proton pump bacteriorhodopsin (BR) was reconstituted into liposomes, mimicking the native purple membrane. By utilization of deuterated lipid alkyl chains, corresponding vibrational modes are frequency-shifted into a spectrally silent window that allows us to monitor lipid dynamics during the photoreaction of BR. Our home-built quantum cascade laser (QCL)-based IR spectrometer covers all relevant spectral regions to detect both lipid and protein vibrational modes. QCL-probed transients at single wavenumbers are compared with the previously performed step-scan Fourier-transform IR measurements. The absorbance changes of the lipids could be resolved by QCL-measurements with a much better signal-to-noise ratio and with nanosecond time resolution. We found a correlation of the lipid dynamics with the protonation dynamics in the M intermediate. QCL spectroscopy extends the study of the protein’s photocycle toward dynamics of the interacting membrane.
Molecular modeling and simulation of aqueous solutions of alkali nitrates
Authors: Schaefer Dominik , Kohns Maximilian , Hasse Hans
Published: April 2023

A set of molecular models for the alkali nitrates (LiNO3, NaNO3, KNO3, RbNO3, and CsNO3) in aqueous solutions is presented and used for predicting the thermophysical properties of these solutions with molecular dynamics simulations. The set of models is obtained from a combination of a model for the nitrate anion from the literature with a set of models for the alkali cations developed in previous works of our group. The water model is SPC/E and the Lorentz–Berthelot combining rules are used for describing the unlike interactions. This combination is shown to yield fair predictions of thermophysical and structural properties of the studied aqueous solutions, namely the density, the water activity and the mean ionic activity coefficient, the self-diffusion coefficients of the ions, and radial distribution functions, which were studied at 298 K and 1 bar; except for the density of the solutions of all five nitrates and the activity properties of solutions of NaNO3, which were also studied at 333 K. For calculating the water the activity and the mean ionic activity coefficient, the OPAS (osmotic pressure for the activity of selvents) method was applied. The new models extend an ion model family for the alkali halides developed in previous works of our group in a consistent way.
Femtosecond laser preparation of resin embedded samples for correlative microscopy workflows in life sciences
Authors: Bosch Carles , Lindenau Joerg , Pacureanu Alexandra , Peddie Christopher J. , Majkut Marta , Douglas Andrew C. , Carzaniga Raffaella , Rack Alexander , Collinson Lucy , Schaefer Andreas T. , Stegmann Heiko
Published: April 2023

Correlative multimodal imaging is a useful approach to investigate complex structural relations in life sciences across multiple scales. For these experiments, sample preparation workflows that are compatible with multiple imaging techniques must be established. In one such implementation, a fluorescently labeled region of interest in a biological soft tissue sample can be imaged with light microscopy before staining the specimen with heavy metals, enabling follow-up higher resolution structural imaging at the targeted location, bringing context where it is required. Alternatively, or in addition to fluorescence imaging, other microscopy methods, such as synchrotron x-ray computed tomography with propagation-based phase contrast or serial blockface scanning electron microscopy, might also be applied. When combining imaging techniques across scales, it is common that a volumetric region of interest (ROI) needs to be carved from the total sample volume before high resolution imaging with a subsequent technique can be performed. In these situations, the overall success of the correlative workflow depends on the precise targeting of the ROI and the trimming of the sample down to a suitable dimension and geometry for downstream imaging. Here, we showcase the utility of a femtosecond laser (fs laser) device to prepare microscopic samples (1) of an optimized geometry for synchrotron x-ray tomography as well as (2) for volume electron microscopy applications and compatible with correlative multimodal imaging workflows that link both imaging modalities.
Mechanical scanning probe lithography of perovskites for fabrication of high-Q planar polaritonic cavities
Authors: Glebov N. , Masharin M. , Borodin B. , Alekseev P. , Benimetskiy F. , Makarov S. , Samusev A.
Published: April 2023

Exciton–polaritons are unique quasiparticles with hybrid properties of an exciton and a photon, opening ways to realize ultrafast strongly nonlinear systems and inversion-free lasers based on Bose–Einstein polariton condensation. However, the real-world applications of polariton systems are still limited due to the temperature operation and costly fabrication techniques for both exciton materials and photon cavities. 2D perovskites represent one of the most prospective platforms for the realization of strong light-matter coupling since they support room-temperature exciton states with large oscillator strength and can simultaneously be used for fabrication of planar photon cavities with strong field localization due to the high refractive index of the material. In this work, we demonstrate the affordable mechanical scanning probe lithography method for research purposes and for the realization of room-temperature exciton–polariton systems based on 2D perovskite (PEA)2PbI4 with the Rabi splitting exceeding 200 meV. By the precise control of lithography parameters, we broadly adjust the exciton–polariton dispersion and, in particular, vary the radiative coupling of polaritonic modes to the free space. Our findings represent a versatile approach to fabrication of planar high-quality perovskite-based photonic cavities supporting the strong light-matter coupling regime for the development of on-chip all-optical active and nonlinear polaritonic devices.
Perspectives on high-frequency nanomechanics, nanoacoustics, and nanophononics
Authors: Priya  , Cardozo de Oliveira E. R. , Lanzillotti-Kimura N. D.
Published: April 2023

Nanomechanics, nanoacoustics, and nanophononics refer to the engineering of acoustic phonons and elastic waves at the nanoscale and their interactions with other excitations, such as magnons, electrons, and photons. This engineering enables the manipulation and control of solid-state properties that depend on the relative positions of atoms in a lattice. The access to advanced nanofabrication and novel characterization techniques enabled a fast development of the fields over the last decade. The applications of nanophononics include thermal management, ultrafast data processing, simulation, sensing, and the development of quantum technologies. In this review, we cover some of the milestones and breakthroughs and identify promising pathways of these emerging fields.
Properties of high to ultrahigh Si-doped GaN grown at 550 °C by flow modulated metalorganic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Muthuraj Vineeta R. , Reilly Caroline E. , Mates Thomas , Nakamura Shuji , DenBaars Steven P. , Keller Stacia
Published: April 2023

The heterogeneous integration of III-nitride materials with other semiconductor systems for electronic devices is attractive because it combines the excellent electrical properties of the III-nitrides with other device platforms. Pursuing integration through metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) is desirable because of the scalability of the technique, but the high temperatures required for the MOCVD growth of III-nitrides (>1000 °C) are incompatible with direct heteroepitaxy on some semiconductor systems and fabricated wafers. Thus, the MOCVD growth temperature of III-nitride films must be lowered to combine them with other systems. In this work, 16 nm-thick Si:GaN films were grown by MOCVD at 550 °C using a flow modulation epitaxy scheme. By optimizing the disilane flow conditions, electron concentrations up to 5.9 × 1019 cm−3 were achieved, resulting in sheet resistances as low as 1070 Ω/□. Film mobilities ranged from 34 to 119 cm2 V−1 s−1. These results are promising for III-nitride integration and expand device design and process options for III-nitride-based electronic devices.
Antimonene quantum dots as bifunctional fluorescent sensors for rapid detection of cation (Fe3+) and anions (CrO42−, Cr2O72−)
Authors: Huang Jian , Fu Wei , Wei Ziyu , Cao Huaqiang
Published: April 2023

As an emerging bandgap material, antimonene quantum dots (AQDs) have attracted much attention due to their unique structure and outstanding physical and chemical properties. However, the research on the optical properties of AQDs is still in the initial stage and needs further exploration. Herein, the fluorescent AQDs were synthesized by ultrasonic liquid-phase exfoliation, combined with a hydrothermal treatment process. The as-prepared AQDs exhibit good fluorescence characteristics and have a fluorescence quantum yield value of 7.56%. Besides, the AQDs show good stability under different salt concentrations. Especially, the AQDs show high selectivity and rapid detection of Fe3+, CrO42−, and Cr2O72− ions in an aqueous solution with good anti-interference ability. The relatively low limit of detection for Fe3+ based on AQDs was 6.85 µM, and the limits of detection for CrO42−, and Cr2O72− were 23.0 and 5.91 µM, respectively. The mechanism for the fluorescence quenching of the AQDs can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the internal filter effect and the oxidation–reduction reaction between the AQDs and analytes. This work provided a simple synthesis method to easily prepare the AQDs with a larger yield, which can be applied to rapidly detect Fe3+ cation, and CrO42−, and Cr2O72− anions.
Selecting resonances in molecular scattering by anti-Zeno effect
Authors: Yang Hanwei , Li Zunqi , Zhang Songbin , Cao Lushuai , Zhang Zeji , Li Sizhe , Wang Gaoren , Xu Haitan , Li Zheng
Published: April 2023

Utilizing the anti-Zeno effect, we demonstrate that the resonances of ultracold molecular interactions can be selectively controlled by modulating the energy levels of molecules with a dynamic magnetic field. We show numerically that the inelastic scattering cross section of the selected isotopic molecules in the mixed isotopic molecular gas can be boosted for 2–3 orders of magnitude by modulation of Zeeman splittings. The mechanism of the resonant anti-Zeno effect in the ultracold scattering is based on matching the spectral modulation function of the magnetic field with the Floquet-engineered resonance of the molecular collision. The resulting insight provides a recipe to implement resonant anti-Zeno effect in control of molecular interactions, such as the selection of reaction channels between molecules involving shape and Feshbach resonances, and external field-assisted separation of isotopes.
A nanocryotron memory and logic family
Authors: Buzzi Alessandro , Castellani Matteo , Foster Reed A. , Medeiros Owen , Colangelo Marco , Berggren Karl K.
Published: April 2023

The development of superconducting electronics based on nanocryotrons has been limited so far to few device circuits, in part due to the lack of standard and robust logic cells. Here, we introduce and experimentally demonstrate designs for a set of nanocryotron-based building blocks that can be configured and combined to implement memory and logic functions. The devices were fabricated by patterning a single superconducting layer of niobium nitride and measured in liquid helium on a wide range of operating points. The tests show 10 − 4 bit error rates with above ± 20 % margins up to 50   MHz and the possibility of operating under the effect of an out-of-plane 36   mT magnetic field, with ± 30 % margins at 10   MHz. Additionally, we designed and measured an equivalent delay-flip-flop made of two memory cells to show the possibility of combining multiple building blocks to make larger circuits. These blocks may constitute a solid foundation for the development of nanocryotron logic circuits and finite-state machines with potential applications in the integrated processing and control of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors.