bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol on Cardiovascular Disease and All-cause Mortality in Elderly Patients (≥75 years old)
Authors: Yu Jiaxin , liu xiaokun , chen shuohua , liu yan , liu hongmin , zheng hongwei , yang ning , wu shouling , Li yuming
Published: May 2021

Background: The associations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality are unclear in elderly(≥75 years) Chinese individuals.Methods: A total of 3674 individuals aged 75 or older underwent medical examinations at the Kailuan Group in 2006. Participants were divided into three groups by LDL_C values: the ideal level (LDL-C <2.6 mmol/l), appropriate level (2.6 mmol/l≤ LDL-C＜3.4 mmol/l) and elevated level (LDL-C≥3.4 mmol/l) groups. CVD and all-cause mortality events were recorded during the follow-up period. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was applied to evaluate the effect of LDL-C on CVD and all-cause mortality events.Results: The average follow-up time was 9.87±3.60 years.After adjustment for confounding factors, the multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model showed that CVD risk in the elevated group was 1.46 (95% CI, 1.08-1.97), acute myocardial infarction risk was 2.08 (95% CI, 1.26-3.44), and all-cause mortality risk in the appropriate level group and elevated group was 1.12 (95% CI, 1.00-1.25) and 1.17 (95% CI, 1.00-1.36), respectively, compared with those in the ideal level group. For every standard deviation increase in LDL-C, CVD risk increased by 10%, acute myocardial infarction risk increased by 21%, and all-cause mortality event risk increased by 4%. No association was found between elevated LDL-C levels and the risk of stroke.Conclusions: In the elderly population, elevated LDL-C levels are a risk factor for CVD and all-cause mortality.
Omega-3 fatty acid blood levels are inversely associated with cardiometabolic riskfactors in HFpEF patients
Authors: Lechner Katharina , Scherr Johannes , Lorenz Elke , Lechner Benjamin , Haller Bernhard , Halle Martin , Wachter Rolf , Duvinage André , Edelmann Frank
Published: May 2021

Objectives:To evaluate the association of Omega-3 fatty-acid (O3-FA) blood levels with cardiometabolic risk markers, functional capacity and cardiac function/morphology in HFpEF patients.Background:O3-FA demonstrated favorable effects on heart failure and associated phenotypic traits in experimental/clinical studies. In patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), the association of O3-FA status with patient characteristics is unknown.Methods:This is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the Aldo-DHF-RCT. From 422 patients, the omega-3-index (O3I=EPA+DHA) was analyzed in n=404 using the HS-Omega-3-Index® methodology. Patient characteristics were; 67±8 years, 53% female, NYHA II/III (87/13%), ejection fraction ≥50%, E/e´ 7.1±1.5; median NT-proBNP 158 ng/L (IQR 82-298). Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to describe associations of the O3I with metabolic phenotype, exercise capacity, echocardiographic markers for LVDF, and neurohumoral activation.Results:The O3I was below(<8%)/within(8-11%)/higher >11%) than the target range in 374 (93%)/29 (7%)/1 (0.2%) patients respectively. Mean O3I was 5.7±1.7%. The O3I was inversely associated with HbA1c (r=-0.139, p=0.006), triglycerides-to-HDL-C ratio (r=-0.12, p=0.017), triglycerides (r=-0.117, p=0.02), non-HDL-C (r=-0.101, p=0.044), body-mass-index (r=-0.149, p=0.003), waist circumference (r=-0.121, p=0.015), waist-to-height ratio (r=-0.141, p=0.005), and positively associated with submaximal aerobic capacity (r=0.113, p=0.023) and LVEF (r=0.211, p<0.001). We did not observe an association between the =3I and maximal functional capacity, echocardiographic markers of LVDF or NT-proBNP.Conclusions:Higher O3I was associated with a more favorable cardiometabolic risk profile and better submaximal aerobic capacity in HFpEF patients but did not correlate with echocardiographic markers for left ventricular filling pressures, left ventricular relaxation or neurohumoral activation.
Anticoagulation Treatment for Patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its clinical effectiveness in 2020: A meta-analysis study
Authors: Ge Jingyi , Ma Yingmin , Wu Zhipeng , Jin Jiawei , Sun Xiao
Published: May 2021

Objective
To better inform efforts to treat and control the current outbreak with effective anticoagulant treatment strategies for coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) patients.
Methods
We searched Cochrane Library, Pubmed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, SCIEXPANDED, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CNKI (Chinese Database), WanFang (Chinese Database), CBM (Chinese Database), VIP (Chinese Database) for studies published from November 1st 2019 to October 1, 2020, and we searched references of identified articles. Studies were reviewed for methodological quality. A random-effects model was used to pool results. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plot.
Results
Fourteen studies involving 7,681 patients were included. We meta-analyzed the bleeding, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism risk between no anticoagulation and prophylactic anticoagulation, and found no significant difference. The same trend occurred in the comparison between with and without anticoagulation. However, when compared with no anticoagulation, both prophylactic anticoagulation (OR = 0.80, 95%CI: 0.69–0.93) and therapeutic anticoagulation (OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.80–1.05) had lower risk of mortality. Furthermore, the risk of overall bleeding among patients with therapeutic anticoagulation was 3.11 times (95% CI: 2.29–4.24) than that of patients with prophylactic anticoagulation, on the contrary, therapeutic anticoagulation had lower risk of deep vein thrombosis than prophylactic anticoagulation (OR = 0.34, 95%CI: 0.19–0.63).
Conclusions
Among Covid-19 patients, preventive and therapeutic anticoagulation were more beneficial than no anticoagulation for reducing mortality risk. The result will inform healthcare providers and public health policy makers in their efforts to treat and control the current outbreak.
The Effectiveness of Tocilizumab in the Treatment of COVID-19 in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Authors: Chen Chun , Zhou ZeMei , Zhang Jing
Published: May 2021

Background: Since December 2019, COVID-19 has spread to the world which leads to a global health threat. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of tocilizumab on COVID-19 patients.Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and WHO international Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) from their inception to March 10, 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on tocilizumab supplementation in adults with COVID-19 disease. The primary outcomes were mortality at 28-30 day and 60-day, incidence of mechanical ventilation (MV), composite outcome of death or MV, time to hospital discharge, and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. A random-effects meta-analysis model was used to pool studies. Results: Eleven studies with a total of 6,579 patients were included in our meta-analysis, of which 3,406 and 3,173 were respectively assigned to the tocilizumab and control groups. Tocilizumab could significantly reduce 28-30 day mortality (RR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.80-0.99, P = 0.04), incidence of MV (RR= 0.79, 95% CI 0.71-0.89, P = 0.0001), composition outcome of MV or death (RR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.72-0.90, P = 0.0002), time to hospital discharge (HR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.16-1.45, P ＜ 0.00001 ), ICU admissions (RR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.47-0.88, P = 0.006), serious infection (RR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.40-0.94, P = 0.02) and events of serious adverse advents (RR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.47-0.86, P = 0.004). There was no significant difference between tocilizumab and control groups in 60-day mortality and adverse events (AEs).Conclusions: Tocilizumab could reduce the short-term mortality, incidence of MV, composite outcome of death or MV, ICU admissions, serious infection and events of serious adverse advents, and shorten the time to hospital discharge in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The optimal effective dose needs to be confirmed by further studies.
Discrepancy between PCR based SARS-CoV-2 tests suggests the need to re-evaluate diagnostic assays
Authors: Mushtaq Zain , Shakoor Sadia , Kanji Akbar , Shaheen Najma , Nasir Asghar , Ansar Zeeshan , Ahmed Imran , Mahmood Syed Faisal , Hasan Rumina , Hasan Zahra
Published: May 2021

Objective: To investigate the possible cause of discrepancy between clinical and RT-PCR based diagnosis of patients with COVID-19.Results: Laboratory records of ten patients with mild to severe COVID-19 were examined. Initially, respiratory samples from the patients were tested using the Roche SARS-CoV-2 Cobas assay and were found to be negative. Further investigation for other viral causes of pneumonia was conducted using the Filmarray RP2.1 assay, which identified SARS-CoV-2 as the pathogen in all ten cases. To investigate whether this could be due to discrepancies between PCR assay, additional testing was conducted using the TaqPath TM COVID19 PCR. Eight of ten samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 on the TaqPath assay. Further, Spike gene target failures (SGTF) were identified in three of these eight cases. Discrepancy between the three PCR assays could be due to variation in PCR efficiencies of the amplification reactions or, could be due to variation in the primer binding sites. The identification of strains with SGTF identify the possible presence of new SARS-CoV-2 variant strains. Regular modification of gene targets in diagnostic assays may be necessary to maintain robustness and accuracy of SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic assays to avoid reduced case detection, under-surveillance, and missed opportunities for control.
Thermal Inactivation of Aerosolized SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Canpolat Murat , Bozkurt Serhat , Şakalar Çağrı , Çoban Ahmet Yılmaz , Karaçaylı Deniz , Toker Emre
Published: May 2021

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide with its different variants. The transmission efficiency of the new variants is much higher than the existing ones. Therefore, developing new preventive measures based on the transmission routes of the virus is needed to limit the spread. The possible transmission routes include direct contact with surfaces contaminated with droplets secreted by patients and airborne viral transmission from person to person. Thermal inactivation is a preventive measure that applies high temperature to objects or fluids, as has been reported previously. However, inactivation data of aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 exposed to heat for a short time at high temperatures are not in the literature yet. We evaluated the inactivation of the aerosolized virus while passing through an electric heater. The virus inactivation test experiments were conducted at two temperatures of the heater’s outlet air, 150±5 o C, and 220±5 o C, at an air flow rate of 0.6 m 3 /h (10 L/min) and heat exposure time of 1.44 s. The loss in viability of the virus at 150 o C and 220 o C was measured as 99.900% and 99.999%, respectively. The results indicate that the high-temperature inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 may potentially reduce aerosolized viral indoors.
Conspicuity of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma in Contrast Enhanced MDCT – Arterial Phase or Late Phase?
Authors: Luerken Lukas , Thurn Philipp Laurin , Zeman Florian , Stroszczynski Christian , Hamer Okka Wilkea
Published: May 2021

Background: To compare two different contrast phases intraindividually regarding conspicuity of MPM in chest MDCT. Methods: 28 patients with MPM were included in this retrospective study. For all patients, chest CT in standard arterial phase and abdominal CT in portal venous phase (scan delay ca. 70 s) was performed. First, subjective analysis of tumor conspicuity was done independently by two radiologists. Second, objective analysis was done by measuring Hounsfield units (HU) in tumor lesions and in the surrounding tissue in identical locations in both phases. Differences of absolute HUs in tumor lesions between phases and differences of contrast (HU in lesion – HU in surrounding tissue) between phases were determined. HU measurements were compared using paired t-test for related samples. Potential confounding effects by different technical and epidemiological parameters between phases were evaluated performing a multiple regression analysis.Results: Subjective analysis: In all 28 patients and for both readers conspicuity of MPM was better on late phase compared to arterial phase. Objective analysis: MPM showed a significantly higher absolute HU in late phase (75.4 vs 56.7 HU, p < 0.001). Contrast to surrounding tissue was also significantly higher in late phase (difference of contrast between phases 18.5 HU, SD 10.6 HU, p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed contrast phase and tube voltage to be the only significant independent predictors for tumor contrast.Conclusions: In contrast enhanced chest-MDCT for MPM late phase scanning seems to provide better conspicuity and higher contrast to surrounding tissue compared to standard arterial phase scans.
Topical Estrogen, Testosterone, and Vaginal Dilator in the Prevention of Vaginal Stenosis after Radiotherapy in Women with Cervical Cancer
Authors: Martins Jumara , Vaz Ana Francisca , Grion Regina Celia , Costa-Paiva Lúcia , Baccaro Luiz
Published: May 2021

Background: we aimed to evaluate the effects of different therapeutic options to prevent the evolution of vaginal stenosis after pelvic radiotherapy in women with cervical cancer. Methods: open-label randomized clinical trial of 195 women, stage I-IIIB, aged 18-75 years, using topical estrogen (66), topical testosterone (34), water-based intimate lubricant gel (66), and vaginal dilators (29) to assess the incidence and severity of vaginal stenosis after radiotherapy at UNICAMP-Brazil, from January/2013 to May/2018. The main outcome measure was vaginal stenosis assessed using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) scale and percental changes in vaginal volume. The women were evaluated at four different times: shortly after the end of radiotherapy, and four, eight, and 12 months after the beginning of the intervention. Statistical analysis was carried out using Symmetry test, Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple regression. Results: the mean age of women was 46.78 (±13.01) years, 61,03% were premenopausal and 73,84% had stage IIB-IIIB tumors. The mean reduction in vaginal volume in the total group was 25.47%, with similar worsening in the four treatment groups with no statistical difference throughout the intervention period. There was worsening of vaginal stenosis evaluated by CTCAE scale after 1 year in all groups (p<0.01), except for the users of vaginal dilator (p=0.37). Conclusions: there was a reduction in vaginal volume in all treatment groups analyzed, with no significant difference between them. However, women who used vaginal dilators had a lower frequency and severity of vaginal stenosis assessed by the CTCAE scale after one year of treatment.Trial registration: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials, RBR-23w5fv. Registered 10 January 2017 - Retrospectively registered, https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-23w5fv
Adsorption performance of an amine-functionalized MCM–41 mesoporous silica nanoparticle system for ciprofloxacin removal in a batch system
Authors: Al-Musawi Tariq
Published: May 2021

Antibiotic pollutants discharged from pharmaceutical industries are often present in the aquaticenvironment due to ineffective treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater and are hazardous tohuman and aquatic life. Therefore, effective treatment of antibiotic-containing wastewater is ofutmost importance in the field of environmental protection. This study aims to evaluate theadsorption performance of an amine-functionalized MCM–41 mesoporous silica nanoparticlessystem (MCM–41–NH2) as an adsorbent for the removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP) antibiotic fromaqueous solution. Surface and structural characteristics of MCM–41–NH2 were examined usingscanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy, and point of zero charge analysis. In addition, thermal stabilitywas investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. Via the proposed treatment, 99.25% CIPremoval was achieved under the following conditions: pH = 7; MCM–41–NH2 dose = 0.8 g/L;CIP concentration = 10 mg/L; adsorption time = 120 min; and shaking speed = 200 rpm.Isotherm study showed that the experimental data fitted well with the Langmuir equation.Moreover, the maximum adsorption capacity of MCM–41–NH2 for CIP was 164.3 mg/g.Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption process of CIP on MCM–41–NH2 wasendothermic and spontaneous. Additionally, the increase in solution temperature had a positiveimpact on the removal of CIP. The kinetic data obtained at different CIP concentrations (10, 25,50, and 100 mg/L) were consistent with the pseudo-second-order model. MCM–41–NH2 couldbe recycled eight times in the proposed adsorption process, with a slight loss in its adsorptioncapacity. Compared with other adsorbents, MCM–41–NH2 was more effective for CIP removal.
Age-Related Increase in Caveolin-1 Expression Facilitates Cell-to-Cell Transmission of α-Synuclein in Neurons
Authors: Ha Tae-Young , Choi Yu Ree , Noh Hye Rin , Cha Seon-Heui , Kim Jae-Bong , Park Sang Myun
Published: May 2021

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, with aging being considered the greatest risk factor for developing PD. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is known to participate in the aging process. Recent evidence indicates that prion-like propagation of misfolded α-synuclein (α-syn) released from neurons to neighboring neurons plays an important role in PD progression. In the present study, we demonstrated that cav-1 expression in the brain increased with age, and considerably increased in the brain of A53T α-syn transgenic mice. Cav-1 overexpression facilitated the uptake of α-syn into neurons and formation of additional Lewy body-like inclusion bodies, phosphorylation of cav-1 at tyrosine 14 was found to be crucial for this process. This study demonstrates the relationship between age and α-syn spread and will facilitate our understanding of the molecular mechanism of the cell-to-cell transmission of α-syn.
The Influencing Factors of Self-evaluation in Adolescents: A Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Zhai Xiaobing , Zhang Yanan , Eshak Ehab S , Jiang Can , Zeng Jing , Yang Mei , Zhou Jia , Peng Yushuang , Di Lihua , Cao Jinhong , Xiang Bing
Published: May 2021

Background
Adolescents’ self-evaluation is an expressive form of their self-concept. Parental bonding, personality traits and psychological status were the three main determining factors of adolescents’ self-evaluation; however, no study has tested the effects of the three variables simultaneously. We aimed to explore these effects by a systematic approach.
Methods
Data came from the Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS). The associations of parental bonding (measured by the Parental Bonding Instrument), personality traits (the Responsibility Scale) and psychological status (the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, K6) with self-evaluation measured in three domains (the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale for children and the Self-Discipline Scale) were tested by the structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis.
Results
A total of 892 Chinese adolescents (Average age = 10.72, SD = 0.89) were included. Significant positive correlations were found among self-evaluation, parental bonding, personality traits and psychological status. The overall (direct and indirect) effect of parental bonding on adolescents’ self-evaluation was 0.49 (parental bonding→ self-evaluation, β = 0.28; parental bonding→ personality traits and psychological status→ self-evaluation, β = 0.21). Personality traits and psychological status were directly associated with adolescents’ self-evaluation (personality trait→ self-evaluation, β = 0.78 and K6→ self-evaluation, β = 0.39).
Conclusions
The use of SEM offered a detailed analysis of the correlations between parental bonding, personality traits, and psychological status, and a systematic approach to investigating their direct and indirect effects on adolescents’ self-evaluation. The three factors were directly associated with adolescents’ self-evaluation and parental bonding had an indirect effect on adolescents’ self-evaluation that was mediated by both personality traits and psychological status.
THE ROLE OF BUSINESS PROCESSES OF THE ENTERPRISE IN THE FORMATION INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE REGION
Authors: Pavlenko О. , Maksymenko I. , Grebenyuk M.
Published: May 2021

The article analyzes the role of business processes in the formation of investment attractiveness of regions based on the assessment of economic development of the territory. The business process of the enterprise is in fact any activity that takes place in the enterprise and has an "input product", adds to it a certain value or element, which in turn forms the output product for the final consumer. The article identifies the impact of business processes of the enterprise on the formation of economic attractiveness of the region. The structure of interaction between enterprises and investment policy in the middle of the above - mentioned economic zones is studied. An important element of the impact on regional development is the conditions of economic agglomeration, costs and benefits of agglomeration processes considered in the article, which in turn are formed in the conditions of regional infrastructure. Proved the relevance and adaptability of the matrix approach based on the comparison of individual indicators for conducting comprehensive research both at the enterprise level (business processes) and at the regional level (investment attractiveness). The main components of business processes of the enterprise in the article it is offered to consider management of labor resources, management of stocks and material resources, production capacity of the enterprise, and also information and technological resources. The main components of the region's investment attractiveness are investment potential, investment policy and investment climate. The study proposes to determine their interaction with each other and calculate the overall investment attractiveness based on the comparison of these components. In particular, the use of a matrix approach, in which it is possible to analyze both the general trend and specific indicators.This allows for further analysis and research, in particular the role of business processes in shaping the investment attractiveness of the region on the basis of various groups of indicators that simultaneously characterize both economic development of the region and business efficiency based on business process improvement.
NEURAL NETWORK MODEL FOR EFFICIENCY OF MANAGEMENT DECISIONS AT A MACHINE-BUILDING ENTERPRISE
Authors: Tkachova T.
Published: May 2021

An important precondition for the economic development of Ukraine is the inflow of investment capital in the context of market transformations. For its part, it is possible to satiate the economy of the country with investments only in conditions of stable development of this country, because the main condition for the investor is to avoid the capital loss. For this purpose, scientists create rating systems of investment attractiveness, which allow choosing the best investment object. Obviously, it is desirable to take into account the research results of the investment attractiveness of a country, region or industry for a successful investment project.
The purpose of article is to analyze the existing methods for determining the investment attractiveness of the economy, develop a rating system of investment attractiveness of a number of the Ukrainian economy sectors and provide recommendations for increasing the investment attractiveness of the sectors of the national economy.
It is used the methods and approaches such as analysis, synthesis, dialectical, systemic and comparative methods which allowed to implement the research.
In a study it is described a methodology for determining the investment attractiveness of a country, region and industry. The investment attractiveness of the branches of the Ukrainian economy was investigated. The problems were identified and the rating systems of investment attractiveness of the Ukrainian economy branches was compiled. Recommendations for increasing the investment attractiveness of the national economy were given.
The research of the investment attractiveness of the economy sectors will identify existing problems in attracting investments and help with their solution. The development of rating systems of investment attractiveness of the Ukrainian economy sectors will help to attract more investments, and investors could choose the best option for investing. The implementation of these recommendations will help to improve the rating of Ukraine's investment attractiveness.
Treatment optimization of patients with genital endometriosis
Authors: Shcherbina Nikolay , Chekhunova Anastasiia
Published: May 2021

The aim of the research: to optimize the treatment of patients with combined genital pathology, including internal endometriosis (adenomyosis) and inflammatory diseases. Materials and methods: prospective study has been conducted on 160 women with adenomyosis. There were 24 (15 %) patients with the I degree of adenomyosis spreading, 72 (45.0 %) women with the II degree, 33 (20.6 %) patients with the III degree, and 31 (19.4 %) woman with the IV degree of adenomyosis spreading. Microbial flora analysis included bacterioscopic, bacteriological research methods with determination of sensitivity to antibiotics, and PCR method. The concentration of cytokines in the culture medium (supernatant) was determined by the enzyme immunoassay. Results: the obtained data from the study indicate a high percentage of the combination of adenomyosis with chronic inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs. An immuno-inflammatory reaction preceding adenomyosis is accompanied by the violation of the local cytokine balance. In turn, the increased activity of cytokines and the presence of infectious agents can participate in the relapse of endometriosis.  Conclusion: considering the immuno-inflammatory reaction, accompanied by the violation of the local cytokine balance in the development of adenomyosis. The study substantiates the necessity of using antimicrobial therapy in patients with combined genital pathology, including adenomyosis and inflammatory diseases
Association of psychological status with first diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis in men
Authors: Koсhuieva Maryna , Kushnir Vasyl , Hrek Ivan
Published: May 2021

The aim. Assessment of the initial psychological status of men with first diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis and the study of its associations with the clinical course of the disease.
Materials and methods. The study involved 54 men with first diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis. Patients had a dynamic complex clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination with an assessment of the psychological status according to the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).
Results. The evaluating of initial psychological status in patients with first diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis, depressive states of varying severity were found in 47.05 % of patients, moderate state anxiety – in 74.51 % of patients, moderate trait anxiety – in 35.29 %. We revealed associations of the levels of anxiety and depression with the degree of bacterial excretion and the duration of the intensive phase of therapy.
Conclusions. To assess the psychological status of patients with first diagnosed infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis, it is advisable to use the STAI and the BDI.
Patients with first diagnosed infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis in 100 % of cases have psychological status disorders with a predominance of moderate state anxiety and the absence of depressive disorders in only half of them. More expressed violations of the psychological status (anxiety, depression) identifies patients who are married and have a steady job.
In patients with first diagnosed infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis, an increase in the severity of anxiety and depression is associated with more expressed bacterial excretion, decrease in body weight, greater frequency of destruction of lung tissue, prevalence of the tuberculosis process by more than 2 lung segments, decrease in the effectiveness of standard therapy and prolongation intensive phase of treatment.
Analysis of the hospitalization time impact on hospital mortality from acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Zabashta Victor , Fedak Bogdan , Lobova Inna
Published: May 2021

Diseases of the circulatory system and their most severe form – acute myocardial infarction (AMI) – is one of the most important problems of modern medicine due to the steady increase in morbidity, negative impact on quality of life, early disability of patients. 19.5 % of patients die from AMI, 50 % among which die 90-120 minutes after the first symptoms of the disease.
The aim of the research was to analyse the impact of hospitalization on the mortality of patients with AMI and predict the risk of death in case of untimely hospitalization of this category of patients.
Materials and methods. We have conducted a retrospective analysis of 876 medical records of patients diagnosed with AMI who were treated in the cardiology department of Kharkiv Regional Clinical Hospital in 2019. During the study, we have used retrospective, logical, medical and statistical methods. Odds ratios and a 95 % confidence interval were also calculated.
Results and discussion. The research revealed the impact of hospitalization on the organization of medical care and hospital mortality of patients with AMI. It was found that the largest share of patients with AMI, both among the dead and those who left the hospital, were hospitalized in the period from 2 to 12 hours from the onset of the disease (49.6 % and 52.33 %, respectively), as well as in period after 24 hours – 28.00 % and 21.70 %, respectively. The largest share of patients with AMI, regardless of the time of hospitalization were persons older than 60 years. The results of the analysis showed that in the period up to 2 h from the onset of the disease, the share of hospitalized patients with more severe heart muscle damage (presence of Q wave) was 91.35 % against 8.65 % of patients with AMI without ST segment elevation. It should be noted that in almost 50 % of cases, patients with AMI without ST segment elevation were hospitalized after 24 h from the onset of the disease. At the same time, the largest share of deaths in this group of patients was observed in the hospital stay from 12 to 24 hours. According to the results of the research, risk factors for fatal outcome in AMI were identified, in particular male gender, the presence of an established ECG diagnosis of NSTEMI, conducting SKA in patients with AMI. It was also found that timely hospitalization of patients within the therapeutic window reduces the chances of hospital mortality by 52 %.
Conclusions. The obtained data indicate a strong relationship between the time of hospitalization and the organization of medical care and hospital mortality of patients with AMI. It is reliably established that timely hospitalization of patients within the therapeutic window reduces the chances of hospital mortality by 52 %: HS is 0.483 (95 % CI 0.238 – 0.981), p=0.175.
Results of bicycle exercise stress test in patients with stable coronary heart disease depending on the angiographic signs of atherosclerotic lesions of coronary arteries
Authors: Tseluyko Vira , Pylova Tetiana
Published: May 2021

The aim. To identify features of exercise response in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients depending on coronary artery condition and to identify factors associated with a positive test in patients with no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA).

Materials and methods. The study included 105 patients diagnosed with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) who were hospitalized at the City Clinical Hospital No. 8 of the Kharkiv City Council. The criteria for diagnosis of ischemia with no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) were met by 53 patients who formed group I. Group II included 52 patients who were consistently hospitalized in the period from June to December 2020, and had obstructive CAD for more than 50 % according to their coronary angiography (CAG).

Results. According to the results of bicycle exercise stress test, a positive test was significantly more often registered in group II – n=30 (57.7 %) patients compared to group I – n=19 (35.8 %) patients (p=0.0249). The duration of the test in patients of group I was significantly longer than 420 seconds [290–540], compared with group II – 300.0 [210.0–540.0] (р=0.0352). Also, in patients in group II, the maximum volume of the test performed was probably lower than in group I (p=0.0324). When calculating the double product, it was also found that in group I its value was significantly higher compared to group II (p=0.0292). In group I there was a significantly higher rate of chronotropic reserve (44.0 [26.0–60.0]), compared with group II (p=0.0168). Elevated total cholesterol (above 5 mmol/l) is a statistically significant and independent factor of a positive exercise test in patients with INOCA (OR, 1.98 [0.9992-3.926], p=0.05). A correlation was found between the level of exercise tolerance and smoking in INOCA-patients (r =-0.388975, p=0.010899). Patients who underwent MINOCA also showed reduced tolerance to exercise (r=-0.3104, p=0.042721)

Conclusions. The sensitivity of bicycle exercise stress test in patients with CAD depends on the presence and severity of atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary arteries (63 % in stenotic atherosclerosis, 36 % in no obstructive coronary arteries. It was found that exercise test duration, double product, chronotropic and inotropic reserve of the heart in patients with a positive exercise test with INOCA were significantly higher compared with patients with obstructive CAD. Independent factors associated with a positive exercise test in patients with no obstructive CAD are an increase in total cholesterol (multivariate regression logistic analysis).
Jk and Mi.III phenotype frequencies in North Vietnam
Authors: Huynh Nguyen Thi , Ford Derek S. , Duyen Tran Thi , Huong Mai Thanh
Published: May 2021

One hundred voluntary blood donors in Hanoi were typed for antigens in the MNS, Rh, Kell, Duffy, and Kidd blood group systems. They were also tested for the presence of the Mi.III (GP.Mur) phenotype and Lewis system antigens. The Jk phenotype frequencies were markedly different from those previously reported. The frequency of the Mi.III phenotype was similar to that reported in Chinese and Taiwanese.
Immunohematology 2003; 19:57–58.
Rh antigen and phenotype frequencies and probable genotypes for the four main ethnic groups in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Jeremiah Z.A. , Buseri F.I.
Published: May 2021

Rh is the most complex and polymorphic of the RBC group systems and is of major importance in transfusion medicine. Data are not available on the frequency of Rh antigens D, C, E, c, and e in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Two mL of venous blood was collected into an EDTA tube from each of 400 persons of mixed ethnic groups recruited for the study. The study population comprised 167 Ijaws (41.8%), 141 Ikwerres (35.2%), 50 Ekpeyes (12.5%), and 42 Ogonis (10.5%). The RBCs were phenotyped for D, C, E, c, and e antigens according to standard serologic methods. The most frequently occurring antigen was found to be c (99.8%), followed by e (98.7%), then D (95.0%), E (20.5%), and finally C (17.7%). The antigens occurred independently of the ethnic groups (p > 0.05) except the antithetical antigens Ee, which were found to be statistically significant in the Ijaw ethnic group when subjected to Pearson chisquare test (χ2 = 9.890, p < 0.02). One (0.2%) of the study population was found to be c– while 20 (5.0%) were D–.
Equivalence of spray-dried K2EDTA, spray-dried K3EDTA, and liquid K3EDTA anticoagulated blood samples for routine blood center or transfusion service testing
Authors: Leathem S. , Zantek N.D. , Kemper M. , Korte L. , Langeberg A. , Sandler S.G.
Published: May 2021

We compared the results of routine blood tests for 102 blood donors’ samples and 100 patients’ samples collected in spray-dried K2EDTA, spray-dried K3EDTA, and liquid K3EDTA blood collection tubes to evaluate the impact of changes in formulation of the anticoagulant (K2EDTA vs. K3EDTA), its application (liquid vs. spray- dried), and tube material (glass vs. plastic). Methods for ABO/D testing, antibody screening, and antibody identification included direct hemagglutination/microplate (Olympus® PK 7200) and gel column methods (Ortho ID-Micro Typing System™/Gel Test™). Additional studies on blood donors’ samples included time delayed antigen testing and antibody identification and half-draw/half- evacuated collections. Also, we compared the results of routine ABO/D testing and antibody screening for 50 patients’ samples collected in spray-dried K2EDTA and spray-dried K3EDTA and for an additional 50 patients’ samples collected in spray-dried K2EDTA tubes from two different manufacturers. All patients’ samples were tested in parallel by solid phase/microplate method (Immucor® ABS 2000) and the standard manual tube method. All test results for routine blood bank tests on donors’ and patients’ samples were concordant, demonstrating the equivalence of spray-dried K2EDTA, spray-dried K3EDTA, and liquid K3EDTA blood collection tubes for routine donor center or transfusion service testing.
Autoanti-D in a patient after cladribine treatment for lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma
Authors: Cid J. , Beltran V. , Escoda L. , Elies E. , Martin-Vega C.
Published: May 2021

We report the case of a 62-year-old woman who developed an autoanti-D after cladribine treatment. In May 2000, the patient underwent splenectomy for a stage IV-B lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma. She was transfused with ABO- and Rh(D)-matched blood. A month later, she received chemotherapy with cladribine. In February 2001, blood grouping showed her to be AB, D+ and the direct antiglobulin test was positive for IgG. An autoanti-D was identified in the eluate. Genotypic analysis confirmed the Rh phenotype of the patient as ccDEe. No hemolysis was evident, as judged by the absence of anemia, a bilirubin of 15.7 μmol/L, and lactic dehydrogenase of 412 IU/L. When an anti-D is identified in a D+ blood recipient, a passive transfer of anti-D, and an alloimmunization in a recipient with a weak D phenotype, should be ruled out. Finally, as in our case, an autoantibody is an additional possibility.
Immunohematology 2002;18:16–18.
The investigation of the significance of a positive direct antiglobulin test in blood donors
Authors: Bellia M. , Georgopoulos J. , Tsevrenis V. , Nomikou E. , Vgontza N. , Kontopoulou-Griva I.
Published: May 2021

Sixty-two samples from 62 donors were investigated to determine the significance of warm IgG autoantibodies that were detected using a gel system during compatibility testing. The presence of autoantibodies on the red cells was confirmed by elution studies. Twelve of 23 strongly positive samples, 7 of 19 moderately positive samples, and 6 of 11 weakly positive samples were studied. The remaining nine samples were found positive during crossmatching, then negative when it was repeated. These nine samples were not included in this study. With a tube test, most of the antibodies had titers from 4 to 8. IgG subclass studies showed that 14 of 25 samples with reactive eluates contained IgG1, one contained IgG1+IgG2, one contained IgG1+IgG4, and two contained IgG1+IgG3 weak. The frequency of donors with a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) was ~ 1 in 3000 and males were twice as likely to be DAT positive (8 females vs.17 males in this study). None of the donors had hemolysis. Two donors showed low-titer anticardiolipin antibodies. We conclude that DAT-positive donors can be a problem during compatibility testing when sensitive methods are used.
Immunohematology 2002;18:78–81.
Clinically significant autoimmune hemolytic anemia with a negative direct antiglobulin test by routine tube test and positive by column agglutination method
Authors: Lai M. , Rumi C. , D’Onofrio G. , Voso M.T. , Leone G.
Published: May 2021

In two to five percent of cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), the patient’s RBCs are negative in the direct antiglobulin test (DAT). We describe a patient with AIHA with a negative DAT when tested by the traditional tube test but with a strongly positive one when tested by column agglutination. When the DAT was repeated by tube test using 4°C saline washes, it became positive. This phenomenon has been observed when low-affinity antibodies are involved in AIHA. The patient’s history and serologic findings are detailed in this report.
Immunohematology 2002;18:109–113.
Comparison of three low-ionic diluents for dilution and storage of reagent A1 and B cells for testing in gel technology
Authors: Steiner E. A. , Dake L.
Published: May 2021

Currently, ABO serum grouping performed by gel technology employs a red cell diluent containing EDTA (MTS Diluent 2 Plus™) that does not permit extended storage of the red cell suspensions. A diluent currently used for suspension and long-term storage of reagent red cells for antibody detection and identification (Ortho 0.8% Red Cell Diluent™) was evaluated for use with A1 and B cells. Because this diluent does not contain EDTA, testing was limited to EDTA samples. As a comparison, a Micro Typing Systems (MTS) diluent not containing EDTA (MTS Diluent 2™) was also tested. MTS-suspended red cells were maintained for 24 hours and compared with Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics 0.8% suspended red cells maintained for 7 days. ABO serum grouping was performed on 144 EDTA plasma samples using all three cell suspensions. Acceptable results were noted in all aspects of testing.
Immunohematology 2001;17: 53–56.
Development of anti-Bw6 reactivity in patients receiving r-GCSF: a preliminary report
Authors: Leach M. F. , Aubuchon J. P.
Published: May 2021

Recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (r-GCSF) is used in autologous bone marrow/peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation (ABMT/PBPC) to shorten the period of neutropenia. As these patients require platelet transfusions, their sera may be monitored for the presence of platelet/human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies. Sera of some patients on r-GCSF (16 μg/kg/day) became difficult to evaluate in vitro for the presence of HLA and platelet antibodies because of apparently anomalous reactions in solid phase red cell adherence (SPRCA) assays. SPRCA tests were positive only when platelets were adhered to the polystyrene plates in the presence of glucose; when other simple sugars were used, the patients’ sera failed to react. HLA Bw6-positive platelets were more likely than HLA Bw6-negative platelets to be reactive (p < .001). The transfusion of HLA Bw6-positive platelets to patients displaying this in vitro reactivity (positive patients) resulted in a 50 percent lower corrected count increment (CCI) than those given to patients without it (negative patients; p = <.001). When all transfusions were considered, the CCI for those of the positive patients was decreased 73 percent when compared to the control patients (p = .0005). The presence of the antibody also was associated with a twofold increase in the number of platelet transfusions given (p = .0005). ABMT/PBPC patients receiving r-GCSF may develop unexpected reactions on SPRCA antibody screens and poor responses to transfusion of Bw-6-positive platelets.
Immunohematology 2001;17:63–69.
Serologic aspects of treating immune thrombocytopenic purpura using intravenous Rh immune globulin
Authors: Savasman C.M. , Sandler S.G.
Published: May 2021

In patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), IgG autoantibody-coated platelets are phagocytized by mononuclear macrophages, primarily in the spleen. Intravenous Rh immune globulin (IV RhIG) has been used since 1983 to treat D+, nonsplenectomized patients with ITP. The beneficial therapeutic effect of IV RhIG is attributed to competitive inhibition of phagocytosis of IgG-coated platelets by IgG anti-D-coated D+ red blood cells (reticuloendothelial or Fc receptor blockade). Following infusions of IV RhIG in D+ ITP patients, the direct and indirect antiglobulin tests become transiently positive, reflecting passively transferred anti-D and other alloantibodies that were present in the infused IV RhIG. These consistent and predictable serologic findings contrast with the inconsistent and weak anti-D reactivity observed when D– women are treated with relatively small doses of intramuscular RhIG for Rh immunoprophylaxis. The pathophysiology of ITP and the effect of infusing IV RhIG in patients with ITP are illustrated in this review, using computer-generated figures.
Immunohematology 2001;17:106–110.
Human anti-Dia monoclonal antibodies for mass screening
Authors: Miyazaki T. , Sato S. , Kato T. , Ikeda H.
Published: May 2021

The use of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to blood group antigens is constantly increasing for routine typing. Two heterohybridoma cell lines, HMR15 and HMR22, were established by Epstein-Barr virus transformation of peripheral blood lymphocytes from a blood donor with anti-Dia. HMR15 mab directly agglutinated Di(a+) red cells, and HMR22 mab agglutinated Di(a+) red cells exclusively by the indirect antiglobulin test. Reactivities of both HMR15 and HMR22 mabs were specific for Dia and had good correlation with the reactivity of a commercial, polyclonal antiserum. The binding of monoclonal antibodies to antigen-positive red cells was mutually blocked by each other as well as by polyclonal anti-Dia. Immunoprecipitates by HMR22 mab with a Di(a+) preparation showed a 120kDa band that was stained by anti-band 3. Dia typing of 2427 blood donors with the mabs and polyclonal typing serum detected 244 Di(a+) individuals (10.1%). No discrepancy was observed between the mabs and the polyclonal antiserum. HMR15 and HMR22 mabs are useful Dia typing reagents and can substitute for commercial antiserum. Immunohematology 2000;16:78–81.
YEAST IN BIOPHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES: VISUALISATION OF RESEARCH LANDSCAPE AND A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Authors: YEE WAN JIE , WEI PHAN CHIA , ABDULLAH NOORHIDAWATI , APPARAO YASAASWINI , MACREADIE IAN
Published: May 2021

The current study aims to analyse the trend in yeast research within the domain of biopharmaceutical sciences. Bibliographic information of the 1,000 most cited publications on yeast research in biopharmaceutical science was retrieved from the Scopus database. The data was then analysed by using bibliometric approaches. The data indicated a steady increase in publication numbers. The United States, Japan and China were among the highest research output countries. A total of 25 top core journals were identified. The keywords with the highest frequency included production, study and activity. To conclude, the current bibliometric analysis provides information that may be useful in locating research hot spots and gaps in the research area of yeast in biopharmaceutical science.
Some features of cancel culture
Authors:   Kursk State Medical University, Filippovich Julia ,   Kursk State Medical University, Strekalov Gleb
Published: May 2021

Social control is a useful tool to regulate the social relations. The so-called “soft” tools may take a form of derision or humiliation in front of many eyes. Although the Ancient Greece had such a way to control the mass, now it takes more severe character. The Greek could cancel person from the public by sending them to another city or country but in the contemporary society we live in two worlds simultaneously: world of those Greek people and social media. Double cancel may lead to devastated consequences.