bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educación inclusiva durante la emergencia: acciones en América Latina
Authors: Delgado Karina Elizabeth , Maestría en Educación Grupo de estudiantes
Published: June 2020

Este estudio muestra como INTRODUCCIÓN la atención de los sistemas educativos de los países de América Latina durante la emergencia por la COVID-19. El OBJETIVO del estudio es evidenciar las trayectorias dadas en los países de la región para atender a toda la población estudiantil que ha tenido que interrumpir sus actividades de aprendizaje para permanecer en casa. La METODOLOGÍA se enmarca en un estudio cualitativo, aplicado en 19 países, describe la población estudiantil, así como las intervenciones dadas en el marco de la emergencia. Los RESULTADOS evidencian una población con 161 millones de estudiantes en todos los niveles, correspondiendo el 13,21% a la educación infantil, 42,02% educación primaria, 29,47% educación secundaria y 15,30% educación superior. Las intervenciones son enfocadas en un trabajo en casa, buscando una cobertura nacional. La DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIONES recaen en tres importantes análisis: i) Planes, programas o proyectos nacionales de estudios en casa con modalidades de atención a distancia, ii) La educación a distancia con una modalidad de atención virtual es la principal estrategia de trabajo con los estudiantes y iii) La radio, la televisión, así como recursos impresos, son otras estrategias de trabajo para llegar a rincones donde la conectividad no es posible.
Estimation of Rice Yield Loss Using a Simple Linear Regression Model for Bacterial Blight Disease
Authors: Ansari T H , Ahmed M , Akter S , Mian M S , Latif M A , Tomita M
Published: June 2020

Field experiment was carried out in hot and humid summer (Transplanted Aus) season to realize the yield loss of a susceptible rice variety Purbachi inoculated with bacterial blight (BB). Treatments consist of BB inoculations at different crop growth stages like maximum tillering (MT), panicle initiation (PI), booting (Bt), flowering and heading stages differently including a control (no BB inoculation). Disease severity index (DSI) was measured at 14 days after inoculation (DAI) and harvest. Data on 1000-grain-weight and yield was recorded at harvest. Significant variation on DSI was observed among different BB inoculated crop growth stages. MT, PI and Boot stage inoculations showed similar (DSI 7.1-8.0) but higher DSI than flowering and heading stages inoculation (3.2-5.3) even control (0.00) at 14 DAI. However, all the treatments showed similar DSI 9.0 at harvest. Bacterial blight can affect the grain weight to some extent although it was insignificant among the treatments (0.1-4.5%). DSI showed negative correlation with 1000-grain weight (r=-0.77*) and similarly with the yield (r=-0.97**). The yield ranged from 2.4-3.4 t/ha among the treatments. The yield loss was observed 5.8-30.4% in the BB inoculated treatments. MT, PI and Boot stages inoculation affected the yield much resulting 21-30.4% yield loss. It could be concluded that a susceptible variety can be affected with significant yield loss up to 30.4% with severe outbreak of B B. A simple regression equation = 4.09-0.211X( = Yield, X = BB severity score) is suggested for the prediction of yield loss in susceptible variety in summer season.

Bangladesh Rice j. 2019, 23(1): 73-79
Religious Governmentality
Authors: Jung Dietrich , Sinclair Kirstine
Published: June 2020

In this article on the role of religion in the formation of modern subjectivities we use a contemporary transnational Islamist organization, Hizb ut-Tahrir, as our example. We examine how technologies of domination are combined with norm-setting technologies of the self in shaping new modern Muslim subjectivities among its members. First, we present our theoretical perspective and analytical framework. Then we describe the ideological roots of Hizb ut-Tahrir in the intellectual universe of nineteenth-century thinking about Islamic reform. Third, we analyse the practice of tooling or processing minds, souls, convictions, physical appearance, and behaviour among members of the organization. As our major interest lies not in Hizb ut-Tahrir as such but in the role of religion in the formation of modern social subjectivities, we conclude with some general reflections on this question.
Theory in the Interstices
Authors: Wilcox Melissa M.
Published: June 2020

Religious studies, queer studies, and transgender studies have long kept their distance from each other for reasons ranging from benign neglect and ignorance to active hostility. Yet scholars working in the interstices between these fields have spent decades developing gay and lesbian studies in religion and queer studies in religion. Strassfeld (2018) has argued for transing the study of religion, and transgender studies in religion is experiencing marked growth partly in response to his call. Nevertheless, although queer and transgender studies in religion are gaining increasing acceptance in religious studies, scholars outside of these subfields still generally consider them inessential to the field as a whole, and many continue either to ignore queer and trans topics and perspectives or to address them solely in the most limited of terms. Queer and trans studies, for their part, largely still ignore or actively dismiss religion, addressing the topic only in simplistic ways that would make any religionist cringe. How, then, are those of us who live in these interstitial spaces, cringing at the infelicities of all three fields, to demonstrate the richness of the intellectual soil in this space not just for ourselves but for the larger fields? This work argues for the critical necessity of developing theory from the interstices between religious studies, queer studies, and trans studies – a task already begun by such scholars as Janet Jakobsen, Ann Pellegrini, Jasbir Puar, Ashon Crawley, Max Strassfeld, Omise’eke Natasha Tinsley, and Yannik Thiem – and suggests specific areas in which such theoretical work has particular potential to alter queer theory, trans and gender theory, and religious studies theory as a whole.
Application of Jigsaw Cooperative Learning Model on Spectroscopy Subject
Authors: Kartika Yuni , Swistoro Eko , Firdaus M. Lutfi
Published: June 2020

The goal of this study was to describe the differences in students learning outcome, between those who use the jigsaw learning model with those who study conventionally in analytical chemistry learning. This research used quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent design and control grup design. The research conducted at chemistry study program fifth semester. In the non-equivalent control group design, the sample was not chosen randomly but by purposive sampling technique. The sample was chosen by purposive sampling technique. The research used two classes, i.e. class A as the experimental-class and class B as the control-class. Both classes were given pretest to find out the student's initial ability before being given a lesson and a posttest to find out the student's final ability. This research was conducted in three meetings in accordance with the material to be delivered. In experimental-class, we used jigsaw learning model. In this learning model there were stages in the organization where students can discuss by expressing their thoughts, exchanging knowledge, understanding and abilities and correcting each other among friends in the group. The average value of the final learning outcomes of the experimental class students showed a value of 70.24 and a control class of 60.00 with a value of sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000 < sig. alpha = 0.05. Therefore, it can be concluded that there were significant differences in the student ability of learning outcomes using the jigsaw learning model with those using conventional learning.
Isolation of Mercury Reducing Bacteria from Gold Mining waste that has the Potential as a Chromium Bioremediation Agent
Authors: Qodri Icmi Al , Sipriyadi Sipriyadi , Ruyani Aceng
Published: June 2020

Traditional gold mining has been a widely handed down livelihood from the colonial era in Lebong regency, Bengkulu. Limited resources and low technology used on the gold mining has produce mercury waste that discharge to the environments directly. Over a long period of time, a unique bacteria community have been established in the mercury contaminated area. These bacteria can survive in the toxic metals’ environments. Bioremediation can be an alternative in dealing with environmental pollution by heavy metals. The goal of this research was to obtain morphological characterization of colonies and cell isolates of mercury reducing bacteria from the waste of gold miner for chromium bioremidiation. Bacterial isolation was carried out with nutrient agar (NA) media containing HgCl2 concentration of 0.01 ppm, 003 ppm, 0.05 ppm, 0.1 ppm and 0.2 ppm. The isolation results were selected from bacterial isolates that grew at HgCl2 concentrations. The selected isolates supported the independence of chromium with K2CrO4 concentrations of 10, 100 and 1,000 ppm. Then the morphology characterization of selected colonies and bacterial cells was carried out. The results of the study obtained 8 pure mercury reducing isolates. Only Sp8 bacterial isolates have the highest resistance to chrome to a concentration of 1,000 ppm. Bacteria Sp8 has the surface morphology of fine colonies, edges of circular colonies, flat elevation, overall appearance and color of yellowish white colonies and cell morphology with gram negative properties, basil cell shape, single cell arrangement and available endospores.
Development of Liver Function Module to Understand the Students Concept in Biological Lessons
Authors: Rahmi Alvi Yulia , Karyadi Bhakti , Suhartoyo Hery
Published: June 2020

The goal of this study was to develop an excretion system module in Biology subjects to stimulate the understanding of the concepts of high school students. The research method refers to the steps of research and Development. The research begins by analyzing the need of the excretory system material to be used as a learning resource for students. The trial module was limited to 20 high school students in Kepahiang District who had received excretion system material. The result showed that the ability to understand the concepts of students varied greatly, the ability to understand the concepts of students was mostly in the good category (35%), and sufficient (65%). The ability of students in aspect of understanding an idea, translating relationship that exist in a symbol, illustration, map, diagram, table, graph, has been well developed (translation). The ability to develop and obtain information that is not explicitly listed from the referenced source has been well developed (interpretation), and the ability to predict or give an idea of something based on trends that apper in the data that has not been well developed (extrapolation). In summary, the excretory system learning module is capable of stimulating the ability to understand the concept of students in terms of classical values.
Principal Social Sensitivity: A Descriptive Study at Rejang Lebong State High School
Authors: Helmi Helmi , Somantri Manap , Zakaria Zakaria
Published: June 2020

As a leader, the principal must have several competencies. Social competence is one of the competencies that must be possessed by the principal as a leader in the school. This is directly related to the way the principal communicates with all school residents. If the school principal has sensitivity towards all school members, there will be no obstacles, so the aims and objectives of the school will be more easily achieved. Therefore, researchers are interested in conducting research on how the principal's social sensitivity to citizens or community groups in schools. The purpose of this study is to describe the principal's social sensitivity towards other people or groups. By knowing this, principals can consider better behavior patterns. The results of the study revealed that social competence in terms of social sensitivity to other people or other groups, the principal of SMA Negeri (State High School) 11 Rejang Lebong was able to play a role as a decision maker, especially in overcoming various problems that occur at school, creative and able to offer solutions, involving religious leaders, the community, and government in resolving various problems, being objective or not taking sides in resolving internal conflicts, being sympathetic or considerate and empathizing with others. Researchers provide advice to school principals to continue the efforts on social sensitivity to other people or other groups, especially in high school 11 Rejang Lebong.
The Influence of School Headmaster Transformation Leadership and Work Satisfaction on Teachers Organizational Committee
Authors: Purba Iwan Rio Darma Putra , Rohiat Rohiat
Published: June 2020

An organization can achieve its objectives as planned if there is a good coordination from various parties in the organization, one of them is an organizational committee that is built individually in it. Based on this statement, the researcher wants to find the influence of transformational leadership and job satisfaction on organizational commitment. The location of this research was State Vocational School in Rejang Lebong Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine how much influence the transformational leadership of school principals and job satisfaction on the organizational commitment of vocational school teachers in Rejang Lebong Regency. This research is expected to be useful for principals and teachers in order to know the critical determinants of the success of the principal's transformational leadership style and job satisfaction with organizational commitment. The method used quantitative with a descriptive approach. This method explained the results of calculations with regression techniques as an analysis tool. The population in this study was 106 teachers with 84 teachers as sample. It showed that, school and job satisfaction were affecting the commitment of the organization of teachers of state vocational schools Rejang Lebong with a coefficient value of 0.706 and an effect of 0.498 or 49.8% in the form of linearly positive. Based on the results of the study, suggestion is given to the teachers that should increase the organizational commitment.
The visualization and assessment of the anterior surface of the cornea using video keratotopography
Authors: Andrienko Gulnara
Published: June 2020

Corneal topography is the main method for assessing the regularity of the surface of the cornea. Corneal irregularity leads to a deterioration in its refractive properties and a decrease in the quality of vision. Learning the basics of corneal topography will help
determine the choice of a color map for a specific situation, as well as understand and analyze the data associated with these maps. This article describes the main types of topographic maps, various patterns of corneal shape in normal and pathological conditions and how to use the data obtained to design and fit contact lenses. Despite the fact that images may vary depending on topographers used, the information presented in this article is universal.
Pengetahuan dan Sikap dalam Pelaksanaan Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat (STBM) di Kabupaten Donggala
Authors: Syam Dedi Mahyudin
Published: June 2020

Sanitasi menjadi salah satu tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan SDGs. Sanitasi total berbasis Masyarakat (STBM) adalah pendekatan perubahan perilaku pedesaan yang diterapkan secara luas untuk mengakhiri buang air besar sembarangan. Kelima pilar STBM diantaranya: tidak ada buang air besar sembarangan BABS, cuci tangan pakai sabun (CTPS), pengamanan air bersih, pengolahan air limbah, dan pengelolaan sampah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan pengetahun dan sikap terhadap pelaksanaan tidak BABS, CTPS dan Pengamanan sampah. Metode; jenis penelitian analitik pendekatan cross sectional di Puskesmas Batusuya Kabupaten Donggala tanggal 12 Mei-10 Juni 2019. Populasi adalah kepala keluarga penduduk wilayah Puskesmas Batusuya   dengan jumlah sampel 93 orang. Pengambilan sampel secara proporsional random sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square dan regresi logistik nilai kemaknaan 0,05 dan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Pengetahuan, sikap responden diperoleh melalui wawancara langsung dengan kuesioner yang telah diujicoba, dianalisis dengan menggunakan chi-square dan regresi  logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengetahuan cuci tangan pakai sabun (p-value 0,046 OR CI95% 3,49 (1,02-12,00), sikap positif untuk tidak buang air besar sembarangan (p-value: 0,017 OR CI95% 5,07 (1,343-19,19) dan sikap positif pengamanan sampah (p-value: 0,002 OR CI95% 12,75 (2,616-62,16) merupakan determinan dari perilaku STBM di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Batusuya Kabupaten Donggala. Kesimpulan; Pengetahuan cuci tangan pakai sabun, sikap positif untuk tidak buang air besar sembarangan dan sikap positif pengamanan sampah merupakan determinan dari perilaku STBM di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Batusuya Kabupaten Donggala.
Development and Evaluation of a Closed-Loop Control System for Automation of a Mechanical Wild Blueberry Harvester’s Picking Reel
Authors: Esau Travis J. , MacEachern Craig B. , Zaman Qamar U. , Farooque Aitazaz A.
Published: June 2020

Mechanical harvesting of wild blueberries remains the most cost-effective means for harvesting the crop. Harvesting of wild blueberries is heavily reliant on operator skill and full automation of the harvester will rely on precise and accurate determination of the picking reel’s height. This study looked at developing a control system which would provide feedback on harvester picking reel height on up to five harvester heads. Additionally, the control system looked at implementing three quality of life improvements for operators, operating multiple heads until the point when full automation is achieved. These three functions were a tandem movement function, a baseline function, and a set-to-one function. Each of these functions were evaluated for their precision and accuracy and returned absolute mean discrepancies of 3.10, 2.20, and 2.50 mm respectively. Both electric and hydraulic actuators were evaluated for their effectiveness in this system however, the electric actuator was simply too slow to be deemed viable for the commercial harvesters. To achieve the full 203.2 mm stroke required by the harvester head, the electric actuator required 13.96 s while the hydraulic actuator required only 2.30 s under the same load.
Phenolic Acid Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of Major Cereal Crops
Authors: Horvat Daniela , Šimić Gordana , Drezner Georg , Lalić Alojzije , Ledenčan Tatjana , Tucak Marijana , Plavšić Hrvoje , Andrić Luka , Zdunić Zvonimir
Published: June 2020

Phenolic acids (PAs) are a dominant group of phenolic compounds in cereals, existing mostly bound to compounds of cell wall. In this study, a total of 25 cereal grain samples, including wheat, winter and spring barley, corn, and popcorn, were evaluated for bound PAs and antioxidant activity in a two-year field trial. The PA contents, determined by HPLC, were significantly affected by cereal type. The mean total PA content was highest in popcorn and corn (3298 and 2213 μg/gdm, respectively), followed by winter and spring barley (991 and 908 μg/gdm, respectively) and wheat (604 μg/gdm). Ferulic acid was the most abundant, accounting from 62% to 83% of total PAs (in popcorn and winter and spring barley, respectively). Across cereals, p-coumaric (35–259 μg/gdm) and p-hidroxybenzoic (45–79 μg/gdm) were also dominant, while in corn and popcorn o-coumaric (71 and 89 μg/gdm, respectively) also occurred in higher content. The mean total phenol content ranged from 853 μg GAE/gdm (wheat) to 1403 μg GAE/gdm (winter barley) with DPPH scavenging activity from 14% to 67%, respectively. A significant influence of crop years on the ferulic acid and total PA content was found, while the variability of other PAs was dependent on the cereal type. The results indicated a high health benefit potential of selected cereals.
Neurosporaxanthin Overproduction by Fusarium fujikuroi and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant Properties
Authors: Parra-Rivero Obdulia , Paes de Barros Marcelo , Prado María del Mar , Gil José-Vicente , Hornero-Méndez Dámaso , Zacarías Lorenzo , Rodrigo María J. , Limón M. Carmen , Avalos Javier
Published: June 2020

Neurosporaxanthin (NX) is a carboxylic carotenoid produced by some filamentous fungi, including species of the genera Neurospora and Fusarium. NX biosynthetic genes and their regulation have been thoroughly investigated in Fusarium fujikuroi, an industrial fungus used for gibberellin production. In this species, carotenoid-overproducing mutants, affected in the regulatory gene carS, exhibit an upregulated expression of the NX pathway. Based on former data on a stimulatory effect of nitrogen starvation on carotenoid biosynthesis, we developed culture conditions with carS mutants allowing the production of deep-pigmented mycelia. With this method, we obtained samples with ca. 8 mg NX/g dry mass, in turn the highest concentration for this carotenoid described so far. NX-rich extracts obtained from these samples were used in parallel with carS-complemented NX-poor extracts obtained under the same conditions, to check the antioxidant properties of this carotenoid in in vitro assays. NX-rich extracts exhibited higher antioxidant capacity than NX-poor extracts, either when considering their quenching activity against [O2(1Δg)] in organic solvent (singlet oxygen absorption capacity (SOAC) assays) or their scavenging activity against different free radicals in aqueous solution and in liposomes. These results make NX a promising carotenoid as a possible feed or food additive, and encourage further studies on its chemical properties.
Development of an Array of Compound Refractive Lenses for Sub-Pixel Resolution, Large Field of View, and Time-Saving in Scanning Hard X-ray Microscopy
Authors: Mamyrbayev Talgat , Opolka Alexander , Ershov Alexey , Gutekunst Josephine , Meyer Pascal , Ikematsu Katsumasa , Momose Atsushi , Last Arndt
Published: June 2020

A two-dimensional array of compound refractive lenses (2D array of CRLs) designed for hard X-ray imaging with a 3.5 mm2 large field of view is presented. The array of CRLs consists of 2D polymer biconcave parabolic 34 × 34 multi-lenses fabricated via deep X-ray lithography. The developed refractive multi-lens array was applied for sub-pixel resolution scanning transmission X–ray microscopy; a raster scan with only 55 × 55 steps provides a 3.5 megapixel image. The optical element was experimentally characterized at the Diamond Light Source at 34 keV. An array of point foci with a 55 µm period and an average size of ca. 2.1 µm × 3.6 µm was achieved. In comparison with the conventional scanning transmission microscopy using one CRL, sub-pixel resolution scanning transmission hard X-ray microscopy enables a large field of view and short scanning time while keeping the high spatial resolution.
Research and Application of a Seismic Damage Classification Method of Concrete Gravity Dams Using Displacement in the Crest
Authors: Lu Xiang , Pei Liang , Chen Jiankang , Wu Zhenyu , Chen Chen
Published: June 2020

Concrete gravity dams are one of the most common water retention structures, some of which are located in seismically active regions. Determination of damage level after earthquakes plays an important role in assessing the safety behavior of concrete dams. Compared with the traditional performance parameters obtained from numerical simulations, such as the damage coefficient, energy dissipation, failure modes, and stress state, etc., the displacement of dams can be acquired from daily monitoring data conveniently and quickly. It is of great significance for the rapid and effective evaluation of dam properties after earthquakes. The residual displacement in the concrete gravity dam crest was adopted as the performance parameter in the paper, and the linear mapping function between the residual displacement and the damage coefficient was established based on the concrete damaged plasticity model (CDP). Based on the traditional classification method with damage coefficient, a residual displacement-based seismic damage classification method with corresponding level limits was proposed. The seismic fragility analysis of Guandi concrete gravity dam was conducted as an example to illustrate the presented methodology. The results indicate that the proposed method is reasonable, effective, and can be easily applied to different projects after slight modifications.
Effect of Alkaline Treatment on Characteristics of Bio-Calcium and Hydroxyapatite Powders Derived from Salmon Bone
Authors: Idowu Anthony Temitope , Benjakul Soottawat , Sinthusamran Sittichoke , Sae-leaw Thanasak , Suzuki Nobuo , Kitani Yoichiro , Sookchoo Pornsatit
Published: June 2020

Alkaline treatment has been extensively implemented in the extraction process of hydroxyapatite (HAp) extraction from various kinds of bio-materials, such as animal bone and scales. The main purpose of such treatment is to remove proteinaceous substances from raw materials. The influence of the alkaline treatment that could alter not only the organic contents but also chemical composition—specifically the Ca/P mole ratios of bio-calcium, HAp, and the biphasic apatite powders derived from salmon bone, a by-product from the salmon industry—was investigated. Both HAp and biphasic apatite powders were obtained from the calcination of bio-calcium powders with and without alkaline treatment, respectively. An X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) in the calcined bone powder without alkaline treatment while only a single phase of hydroxyapatite was observed in the alkaline-treated sample. Calcium and phosphorus contents were measured by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). A variation of Ca/P ratios was observed among all samples, depending on the chemical and heat treatment conditions. Organic molecules, such as protein, fat, hydroxyproline, and TBARS, were significantly lowered in bio-calcium powders with the alkaline treatment. This work represents important research on chemical treatment prior to the raw material conversion process, which significantly influences chemical and phase compositions of the bio-calcium and hydroxyapatite powder derived from salmon bone waste.
Paraphrase Identification with Lexical, Syntactic and Sentential Encodings
Authors: Xu Sheng , Shen Xingfa , Fukumoto Fumiyo , Li Jiyi , Suzuki Yoshimi , Nishizaki Hiromitsu
Published: June 2020

Paraphrase identification has been one of the major topics in Natural Language Processing (NLP). However, how to interpret a diversity of contexts such as lexical and semantic information within a sentence as relevant features is still an open problem. This paper addresses the problem and presents an approach for leveraging contextual features with a neural-based learning model. Our Lexical, Syntactic, and Sentential Encodings (LSSE) learning model incorporates Relational Graph Convolutional Networks (R-GCNs) to make use of different features from local contexts, i.e., word encoding, position encoding, and full dependency structures. By utilizing the hidden states obtained by the R-GCNs as well as lexical and sentential encodings by Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), our model learns the contextual similarity between sentences effectively. The experimental results by using the two benchmark datasets, Microsoft Research Paraphrase Corpus (MRPC) and Quora Question Pairs (QQP) show that the improvement compared with the baseline, BERT sentential encodings model, was 1.7% F1-score on MRPC and 1.0% F1-score on QQP. Moreover, we verified that the combination of position encoding and syntactic features contributes to performance improvement.
Development of a Passive Prosthetic Hand That Restores Finger Movements Made by Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Silveira Romero Rodrigo Cézar da , Machado André Argueso , Costa Kliftom Amorim , Reis Paulo Henrique Rodriguês Guilherme , Paiva Brito Pedro , Santos Vimieiro Claysson Bruno
Published: June 2020

This work aims to develop a low-cost human hand prosthesis manufactured through additive manufacturing. The methodology used for the development of the prosthesis used affordable and low-cost materials in the market. Tensile testing was performed to estimate the mechanical properties in order to verify the resistance of the printing material used. Afterwards, the mechanical feasibility study executed on the device was performed using finite element method. In conclusion, we can observe fundamental factors that influence the 3D printing process, especially in relation to its printing parameters and mechanical properties. Maximum stress, yield stress, modulus of elasticity, elongation, and hardness are the prominent properties that should be considered when choosing the polymeric material. The numerical simulation showed that the structure of the prosthesis did not present plastic deformations to the applied loads, proving its mechanical viability.
Musty and Moldy Taint in Wines: A Review
Authors: Cravero Maria Carla
Published: June 2020

The literature about musty and moldy taint—the so-called cork taint—in wines is varied because there are many different molecules involved in this wine defect. Chloroanisoles are the most relevant compound responsible for cork taint and of these, 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA) is the most common, but 2,3,4,6-tetrachloroanisole (TeCA) and 2,4,6-tribromoanisole (TBA) can also be responsible of this defect. For other compounds involved in cork taint, geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) are responsible for earthy off-flavor; pyrazines cause vegetable odors, and guaiacol results in smoked, phenolic and medicinal defects. Off-odors of mushroom in wines are caused by 1-octen-3-ol and 1-octen-3-one coming from grapes contaminated by bunch rot (Botrytis cinerea). The sensory aspects of these molecules are illustrated in this review. Generally, the most important cause of this wine contamination is the natural cork of bottle stoppers, but this is not always true. Different origins of contamination include air pollution of the cellars, wood materials, barrels and chips. A review of the possible prevention or remedial treatments to cork taint is also presented. The best solution for this off-flavor is to prevent the wine contaminations.
The Future of Targeted Gene-Based Treatment Strategies and Biomarkers in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Polissidis Alexia , Petropoulou-Vathi Lilian , Nakos-Bimpos Modestos , Rideout Hardy J.
Published: June 2020

Biomarkers and disease-modifying therapies are both urgent unmet medical needs in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and must be developed concurrently because of their interdependent relationship: biomarkers for the early detection of disease (i.e., prior to overt neurodegeneration) are necessary in order for patients to receive maximal therapeutic benefit and vice versa; disease-modifying therapies must become available for patients whose potential for disease diagnosis and prognosis can be predicted with biomarkers. This review provides an overview of the milestones achieved to date in the therapeutic strategy development of disease-modifying therapies and biomarkers for PD, with a focus on the most common and advanced genetically linked targets alpha-synuclein (SNCA), leucine-rich repeat kinase-2 (LRRK2) and glucocerebrosidase (GBA1). Furthermore, we discuss the convergence of the different pathways and the importance of patient stratification and how these advances may apply more broadly to idiopathic PD. The heterogeneity of PD poses a challenge for therapeutic and biomarker development, however, the one gene- one target approach has brought us closer than ever before to an unprecedented number of clinical trials and biomarker advancements.
Methodological Proposal for the Development of Insurance Policies for Building Components
Authors: Macedo Miguel , Brito Jorge , Cruz Carlos , Silva Ana
Published: June 2020

Insurance is a growing economic activity within the construction sector. Homes and buildings are perhaps the most important investment an individual makes in his/her lifetime. Nevertheless, the market for insurance coverage policies applied to the building envelope is in an embryonic stage, mainly due to the lack of knowledge in terms of risk and costs associated to the failure of these elements. This study provides an innovative and methodological approach to the development of an insurance product that targets the obsolescence of building components. In defining a structured approach to the design of insurance policies for buildings, the use of the service life prediction models proposed in this study allows establishing different types of insurance policies with different risk premiums and evaluating different losses and risks accepted by the owners, thus promoting the increase of the patrimonial value of the asset and reducing the risk of premature failure and the uncertainty of the costs of maintenance during its life cycle.
Studying a Tumor Growth Partial Differential Equation via the Black–Scholes Equation
Authors: Sinkala Winter , Nkalashe Tembinkosi F.
Published: June 2020

Two equations are considered in this paper—the Black–Scholes equation and an equation that models the spatial dynamics of a brain tumor under some treatment regime. We shall call the latter equation the tumor equation. The Black–Scholes and tumor equations are partial differential equations that arise in very different contexts. The tumor equation is used to model propagation of brain tumor, while the Black–Scholes equation arises in financial mathematics as a model for the fair price of a European option and other related derivatives. We use Lie symmetry analysis to establish a mapping between them and hence deduce solutions of the tumor equation from solutions of the Black–Scholes equation.
Inhibitory Effect of Manassantin B Isolated from Saururus chinensis on Skin Heat Aging
Authors: Ryu Hwa Sun , Choi Jeong-Yeon , Lee Kyeong-Sun , Lee Jung-No , Lee Chun Mong , Park Sung-Min
Published: June 2020

Heat shock treatment-induced skin aging causes a thickened epidermis, increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 expression, collagen degradation, and deep wrinkles. In this study, we investigated the effect of manassantin B in preventing heat shock treatment-induced aging. We first separated manassantin B (MB) from the roots of Saururus chinensis, and the structure was identified using 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. RT-PCR and western blotting were applied to investigate the anti-aging effect of manassantin B. Manassantin B decreased MMP-1 expression through transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) 1 channel inhibition and significantly increased procollagen expression. In addition, manassantin B suppressed MAPK phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. Our results suggest that manassantin B, the active ingredient in S. chinensis, can be effectively used to inhibit heat shock treatment-induced skin aging.
Measuring Wind Speed Using the Internal Stabilization System of a Quadrotor Drone
Authors: Simma Magdalena , Mjøen Håvard , Boström Tobias
Published: June 2020

This article proposes a method of measuring wind speed using the data logged by the autopilot of a quadrotor drone. Theoretical equations from works on quadrotor control are utilized and supplemented to form the theoretical framework. Static thrust tests provide the necessary parameters for calculating wind estimates. Flight tests were conducted at a test site with laminar wind conditions with the quadrotor hovering next to a static 2D ultrasonic anemometer with wind speeds between 0–5 m/s. Horizontal wind estimates achieve exceptionally good results with root mean square error (RMSE) values between 0.26–0.29 m/s for wind speed, as well as between 4.1–4.9 for wind direction. The flexibility of this new method simplifies the process, decreases the cost, and adds new application areas for wind measurements.
African Americans’ Diminished Returns of Parental Education on Adolescents’ Depression and Suicide in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study
Authors: Assari Shervin , Boyce Shanika , Bazargan Mohsen , Caldwell Cleopatra H.
Published: June 2020

To investigate racial and ethnic differences in the protective effects of parental education and marital status against adolescents’ depressed mood and suicidal attempts in the U.S. As proposed by the Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs), parental education generates fewer tangible outcomes for non-White compared to White families. Our existing knowledge is very limited regarding diminished returns of parental education and marital status on adolescents’ depressed mood and suicidal attempts. To compare racial groups for the effects of parental education and marital status on adolescents’ depressed mood and suicidal attempt. This cross-sectional study included 7076 non-Hispanic White or African American 8-11 years old adolescents from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. The independent variables were parental education and marital status. The main outcomes were depressed mood and suicidal attempts based on parents’ reports using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS). Age and gender were the covariates. Race was the moderator. Logistic regression was used to analyze the ABCD data. Overall, parental education was associated with lower odds of depressed mood (OR = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.67–0.99; p = 0.037) and having married parents was associated with lower odds of suicidal attempts (OR = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.28–0.91; p = 0.022). In the pooled sample, we found interaction terms between race with parental education and marital status on the outcomes, suggesting that the protective effect of having married parents against depressed mood (OR = 1.54; 95% CI = 1.00–2.37; p = 0.048) and the protective effect of having married parents against suicidal attempts (OR = 6.62; 95% CI = 2.21–19.86; p = 0.001) are weaker for African Americans when compared to Whites. The protective effects of parent education and marital status against depressed mood and suicidal attempts are diminished for African American adolescents compared to White adolescents. There is a need for programs and interventions that equalize not only socioeconomic status (SES) but also the marginal returns of SES for racial minority groups. Such efforts require addressing structural and societal barriers that hinder African American families from translating their SES resources and human capital into tangible outcomes. There is a need for studies that can minimize MDRs for African American families, so that every individual and every family can benefit from their resources regardless of their skin color. To achieve such a goal, we need to help middle-class African American families secure tangible outcomes in the presence of SES resources.
Virtualization Based Efficient Service Matching and Discovery in Internet of Things
Authors: Khan Zulfiqar Ali , Ullah Israr , Ibrahim Muhammad , Fayaz Muhammad , Aljarbouh Ayman , Qureshi Muhammad Shuaib
Published: June 2020

Internet of Things (IoT) is getting more popular day by day, which triggers its adoption for solving domain specific problems. Cities are becoming smart by gathering the context knowledge through sensors and controlling specific parameters through actuators. Dynamically discovering and integrating different data streams from different sensors is a major challenge these days. In this paper, a service matchmaking algorithm is presented for service discovery utilizing IoT devices and services in a particular geographic area. It helps us to identify services based on a variety of parameters (location, query size and processing time, etc.). Customization of service selection and discovery are also explored. The conceptual framework is provided for the proposed model along with a matchmaking algorithm based on IoT devices virtualization. The simulation results elaborate the increased complexity of processing time with respect to the increasing pool of available services. The average processing time varies as the number of conditions are multiplied. Query size and complexity increases with additional number of filters and conditions which results in the reduction of the number of matching services. Moreover, upon decreasing the radius of geographic search area, the number of candidate services decreases for service matching algorithm. This is based on the assumption that IoT devices and services are evenly distributed in a given geographic area. Similarly, the remaining energy of IoT devices is also assumed to be uniformly distributed and, therefore, if we are interested in IoT devices or services with more residual energy, then a limited number of IoT devices or services will fulfill this criterion.
Spatial Differences in Carbon Intensity in Polish Households
Authors: Sidorczuk-Pietraszko Edyta
Published: June 2020

Knowledge about the driving forces behind greenhouse gasses (GHG) emissions is crucial for informed and evidence-based policy towards mitigation of GHG emission and changing production and consumption patterns. Both national and regional-level authorities are capable of addressing their actions more effectively if they have information about the spatial distribution of phenomena related to the policies they conduct. In this context, the main aim of this paper is to explain the regional differences in carbon intensity in Poland. The differences in carbon intensity between regions and the national average were analysed using index decomposition analysis (IDA). Aggregate carbon intensity for regional economies as well as the carbon intensity of households was investigated. For both levels of analysis: total emissions and emission from households economic development is the key factor responsible for the inter-regional differences in carbon emission per capita. In the case of total emissions, the second important factor influencing these differences is the structure of the national power system, i.e., its concentration and the production of energy from fossil fuels. For households, disposable income per capita is a key factor of differences in CO2 emission per capita between regions. Higher households’ incomes contribute to higher emission per capita, mostly due to the shift in consumption towards more energy- and material-intensive goods. The contribution of energy emissivity is quite low and not as varied as in the case of income. This suggests that policy instruments targeted at the consumption of fuels can be rather uniform across regions, while more developed regions should also be subject to measures supporting less energy-intensive consumption. On the other hand, policy in less developed regions should prevent them from following the path of per capita emissions growth.
Natural Polymers for Green Supercapacitors
Authors: Spina Giovanni Emanuele , Poli Federico , Brilloni Alessandro , Marchese Daniele , Soavi Francesca
Published: June 2020

Water-processable natural polymers represent a valuable alternative for the sustainable manufacturing of electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs). Here, we demonstrate for the first time the feasibility of the use of pullulan to produce high mass loading electrodes (>10 mg cm−2) at low binder content (10%) for ionic-liquid based EDLCs. Pullulan has also been processed as a porous separator by electrospinning. Its ionic resistance and thermal stability have been evaluated in different electrolytes and were found to be superior compared to those of a cellulose triacetate electrospun separator. Pullulan-ionic liquid EDLCs were, thus, assembled and charged up to 3.2 V. The EDLCs delivered specific energy and power of 7.2 Wh kg−1 and 3.7 kW kg−1 and featured good cycling stability over 5000 cycles.
Influence of the Fuel/Oxidant Ratio on the Elaboration of Binary Oxide Catalyst by a Microwave-Assisted Solution Combustion Method
Authors: Frikha Kawthar , Bennici Simona , Bouaziz Jamel , Chaari Kamel , Limousy Lionel
Published: June 2020

Three series of binary metal oxide catalysts containing Ni, Cu, or Co oxides were prepared, fully characterized and tested in CO oxidation. The catalysts, with a constant transition metal loading of 10 wt%, were prepared from metal nitrates and urea mixtures by a microwave-assisted solution combustion method. The RV/OV ratio, corresponding to the stoichiometry of the reactants, calculated from their elemental oxidizing and reducing valences, was varied. In order to modify the redox character of the synthesis medium from the quantity of urea; an excess of urea was used for attaining reducing conditions, while a deficit of urea shifted the medium to oxidizing conditions. Three RV/OV ratios (0.9, 1.0, and 1.1) were selected to elaborate the different binary metal oxide catalysts, nine oxide catalysts were synthesized. Then, the influence of the stoichiometry (RV/OV ratio) on the bulk and surface properties of the binary metal oxide catalysts was investigated. Similarly, the influence of the RV/OV ratio on the CO oxidation activity was discussed and the optimal value of RV/OV ratio was identified. The results show that the increasing of the RV/OV ratio from 0.9 to 1.1, particularly in Ni- and Co-containing catalysts, induces stronger metal-aluminum interactions, in the form of aluminates phases, and that are correlated to the dramatic reduction of the CO oxidation activity. The best physicochemical properties and highest catalytic activities were achieved with the catalysts prepared in redox systems stoichiometrically balanced (RV/OV = 1). The Cu-containing catalysts presented the best catalytic activities in CO oxidation.
Factors Influencing the Prediction of Pile Driveability Using CPT-Based Approaches
Authors: Prendergast Luke J. , Gandina Putri , Gavin Kenneth
Published: June 2020

This paper investigates the applicability of Cone Penetration Test (CPT)-based axial capacity approaches, used for estimating pile static capacity, to the prediction of pile driveability. An investigation of the influence of various operational parameters in a driveability study is conducted. A variety of axial capacity approaches (IC-05, UWA-05 and Fugro-05) are assessed in unmodified and modified form to appraise their ability to be used in estimating the driveability of open-ended steel piles used to support, for example, offshore jackets or bridge piers. Modifications to the CPT-based design approaches include alterations to the proposed base resistance to account for the resistance mobilized under discrete hammer impacts and the presence of residual stresses, as well as accounting for the effects of static capacity increases over time, namely ageing. Furthermore, a study on the influence of various operational parameters within a wave equation solver is conducted to ascertain the relative impact of uncertain data in this respect. The purpose of the paper is not to suggest a new design procedure for estimating pile driveability, rather to investigate the influence of the various operating parameters in a driveability analysis and how they affect the magnitude of the resulting predictions. The study will be of interest to geotechnical design of piles using CPT data.