bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Taalverloedering” opnieuw bezien
Authors: van Marle Jaap
Published: October 2021

This contribution focuses on the question of whether languages can become corrupted. In general, linguists take the view that there is no such thing as “language corruption”; in their opinion, languages only change. Laymen, on the other hand, are not convinced by the linguistic arguments. In this paper, the stand is taken that it is not surprising at all that laymen are not willing to accept the view taken by linguists, since linguists and laymen focus on two different issues. Linguists are primarily concerned with the linguistic development as such (and the rise of the new form), whereas laymen focus on the actual acceptability of the new form. In addition, of further importance to the resistance that many changes meet with is the fact that present-day Dutch is heavily influenced by its substandard varieties, i.e. those varieties which, in the eyes of many speakers, have little or no prestige.
De metaforische reis naar de kunst als homeland. De Kapellekensbaan van Louis Paul Boon als Künstlerroman
Authors: Gielen Albert
Published: October 2021

About De Kapellekensbaan of de 1ste illegale roman van Boontje (1953; translated into English as Chapel Road) numerous studies have been published without typifying the novel as a Künstlerroman. The question is whether De Kapellekensbaan contains characteristics to make it a Künstlerroman? There are a number of elements with which the Künstlerroman distinguishes itself from other genres. This is done here based on the theories of Herbert Marcuse and Roberta Seret. Seret speaks in this context of homeland and metaphorical voyage. On the basis of these concepts is determined that De Kapellekensbaan belongs to the genre of Künstlerroman and then follows a characterization of Boon’s.
Effect of the Iranian Health Sector Evolution Plan Implementation Focused on the Type of Delivery on Maternal and Neonatal Health Indicators in Selected Hospitals of East Azerbaijan Province
Authors: Jabbari Bayrami Hossein , Sokhanvar Mobin , Navvabi Elahe , Asadi Salahaddin
Published: October 2021

Background: Health systems are making reforms to ensure and promote public health. Measuring the effects of reform is one way to determine its effectiveness and consequences.
Objectives: This study was aimed at investigating the effect of the Iranian Health Sector Evolution Plan (HSEP) implementation with a focus on the type of delivery on maternal and neonatal health indicators in East-Azerbaijan Province.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2017. The data of 800 patients were randomly selected through the dataset of eight hospitals equally in the two time periods of before and after the HSEP implementation. A researcher-made checklist was used for data extraction. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 22 using descriptive statistics, t-test, and chi-square.
Results: The mean age of the mothers in both periods was 27 years. Most of the participants did not have a previous delivery and had a diploma or a lower level of education. The rate of natural childbirth increased from 34.5% (before the HSEP) to 44.2% (after the HSEP) (P < 0.05). Maternal and neonatal mortality rates decreased from 0.3 and 0.8% to 0.0 and 0.5%, respectively. Maternal and neonatal mortality and stillbirth rates were not significantly different based on the study period and type of delivery (P > 0.05).
Conclusions: The findings indicated a significant increase in the rate of natural childbirth after the HSEP implementation. Maternal and neonatal mortality rates had also decreased. These results can guide policymakers in deciding whether to continue or review the reform.
Prioritization of Hospital Information System’s Executive Barriers to Patient Payment Reduction and Visitation Quality Improvement Packages of Health System Reform Plan from the Perspectives of Users and Experts in Hospitals of Yazd
Authors: Dehghani Mohammadhossein , Rahmani Hojjat , Habibi Farhad , Rajabi Vasokolaei Ghasem , Abedini Somayeh , Raadabadi Mehdi , Pourshariati Fatemeh
Published: October 2021

Background: Healthcare facilities are dependent on hospital information systems due to the high volume and variation of information in different fields. These systems are a prerequisite for effective and high-quality healthcare provision in hospitals.
Objectives: The present study intended to prioritize the executive barriers to these systems in patient payment reduction and visitation quality improvement packages of the health system reform plan (HSRP) from the perspectives of users and experts in selected university hospitals of Yazd, Iran, in 2019.
Methods: The population of this descriptive-analytical study included 110 participants, including experts of information technology (IT) unit, hospital managers, and personnel of the administrative and medical units dealing with the hospital information system. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on similar studies, the validity of which was evaluated by a committee of experts. Also, the reliability of the questionnaire was investigated and confirmed before the study using the Cronbach’s alpha method and a sample of 30 participants. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 21.
Results: Among the six barrier dimensions, the highest mean score belonged to the professional factors (3.46 ± 1.03), followed by human barriers (3.44 ± 0.83). Among professional barriers, the lack of motivation of the personnel in IT learning and get training on the IT-related skills had the highest mean score of 3.67.
Conclusions: According to the results, outsourcing such services and special budget allocation for hardware and software update and support, holding conferences, and provision of practical training in this field are suitable strategies for better implementation of such systems.
Evaluation of Validity Indices of Spiritual Competence Questionnaire
Authors: Miri Masomeh , Dastjerdi Reza , Asadi Younesi Mohammad Reza , Pakdaman Majid
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Spiritual competence in personal and occupational lives increases compatibility, adaptation, problem-solving skills, finding meaning in life events, inner and outer peace, dynamism, and vitality and can have positive effects on other aspects of life. The first step to improve the status of spiritual competence in society is its evaluation, with currently few tools in Persian for its measurement. Therefore, this study aimed to translate and validate the Spiritual Competence Questionnaire.
Methods: After translation to Persian, the formal validity of this questionnaire was inference using the opinions of nine experts based on Waltz and Basel and Lawshe’s theory. Moreover, 179 individuals completed the study questionnaire to measure the reliability and perform exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Microsoft Excel (2016) and SPSS software (version 24) were used for statistical analysis.
Results: The validity of this questionnaire in two dimensions was 90% (content validity index; simplicity of questions: 88%, relevance of questions: 96%, and clarity of questions: 87%) and 97% (content validity ratio: standard). The reliability of this tool, which was calculated based on Cronbach’s alpha, was 89%. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin index in EFA was 88%, and the mean variance for seven factors was 67%.
Conclusions: In addition to good reliability and validity, this tool is quite simple and fluent. Furthermore, with the possibility to be completed in 15 - 20 min, the questionnaire has the necessary features to assess the spiritual worthiness of individuals in different age groups.
Luteal-phase support in assisted reproductive technology: An ongoing challenge
Authors: Dashti Saeideh , Eftekhar Maryam
Published: October 2021

It has been shown that in controlled ovarian hyper stimulation cycles, defective luteal phase is common. There are many protocols for improving pregnancy outcomes in women undergoing fresh and frozen in vitro fertilization cycles. These approaches include progesterone supplements, human chorionic gonadotropin, estradiol, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, and recombinant luteinizing hormone. The main challenge is luteal-phase support (LPS) in cycles with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist triggering. There is still controversy about the optimal component and time for starting LPS in assisted reproductive technology cycles. This review aims to summarize the various protocols suggested for LPS in in vitro fertilization cycles.
Key words: Luteal-phase support, IVF, HCG, Progesterone, GnRH agonist, Recombinant LH.
Success rate and ART outcome of microsurgical sperm extraction in non obstructive azoospermia: A retrospective study
Authors: Vahidi Serajoddin , Zare Horoki Ali , Hashemi Talkhooncheh Mostafa , Jambarsang Sara , Dehghan Marvast Laleh , Sadeghi Ali , Eskandarian Samane
Published: October 2021

Background: The management of non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) disease relies on microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE). Few studies have assessed the role of micro-TESE in men with NOA in our country.
Objective: The aim of the current study was to investigate the success rate of micro- TESE.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 463 men with NOA in Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute during September 2017 through September 2019. Sperm were retrieved and frozen according to the rapid sperm freezing protocol. After preparing the oocyte of the male partner’s spouse, sperms were thawed and then entered the intracytoplasmic sperm injection process. The clinical pregnancy of individuals was confirmed via ultrasound. Demographic data were extracted from medical records.
Results: The success rate of micro-TESE was 38% and successful fertilization, biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, and live birth were observed in 111 (85.4%), 29 (22.3%), 29 (22.3%) and 14 (10.7%) men, respectively. A significant difference was seen between the two groups, regarding age (p = 0.01). In addition, the mean follicle-stimulating hormone in men with positive micro-TESE was significantly lower than in men with negative micro-TESE (p = 0.02).
Conclusion: The success of pregnancy in couples with NOA managed via micro-TESE was significant. The study found that the success rate of micro-TESE was higher in older men and in those with lower follicle-stimulating hormone levels.
Key words: Azoospermia, Fertilization, Microdissection, Testicular.
Prevalence of menopausal hot flashes in Lebanon: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ahmadieh Hala , Jradi Nadia
Published: October 2021

Background: Menopausal hot flashes or vasomotor symptoms are prevalent and could be debilitating in postmenopausal women. There is controversy regarding the risk factors for hot flashes, some of which may vary from one country or culture to another.
Objective: To shed light on this matter by assessing the prevalence of hot flashes, their effect on quality of life, and their association with certain factors such as physical exercise, caffeine, spicy food consumption, dietary intake, smoking, alcohol, etc.
Materials and Methods: A large cross-sectional study was conducted among 627 Lebanese women, aged 45-67 yr using a well-developed and comprehensive questionnaire, in order to better assess the prevalence of hot flashes, focusing on their characteristics, association with various factors, severity, and effect on the women’s quality of life.
Results: 62.5% of participants experienced hot flashes. A statistically significant difference was noted between women who experience hot flashes and their counterparts with respect to smoking, body mass index, spicy food consumption, education level, age, menstrual status, and parity. An association was not found with physical activity or other dietary factors.
Conclusion: As an alternative for hormone therapy, clinicians should consider lifestyle changes to help manage hot flashes, which impose a tremendous physical and social toll on the women experiencing them.
Key words: Menopause, Diet, Body mass index, Quality of life, Smoking.
Comparison of intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes in azoospermic men who underwent testicular sperm extraction vs. microdissection testicular sperm extraction: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Vahidi Serajoddin , Narimani Nima , Abouei Saeid , Sadeghi Ali , Lorian Keivan , Rahavian Amirhossein
Published: October 2021

Background: Outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) may be different in azoospermic men who undergo testicular sperm extraction (TESE) vs. microdissection-TESE (micro-TESE).
Objective: This study was conducted to compare the ICSI outcomes in men who underwent TESE vs. micro-TESE due to obstructive azoospermia and nonobstructive azoospermia, respectively.
Materials and Methods: A total of 310 azoospermic men who underwent ICSI from September 2016 to September 2020 were enrolled in this cross-sectional study and divided into two groups (172 cases in the TESE and 138 cases in the micro-TESE group). The paternal and maternal age, and the fertilization, biochemical pregnancy, abortion and live birth rates were compared between the two groups.
Results: Maternal mean age was significantly higher in the TESE group (34.9 ± 4.2 yr vs. 32.3 ± 5.7 yr). The fertilization and biochemical pregnancy rates were significantly higher in the TESE group, but the abortion rate was similar in the two groups. The live birth rate was higher in the TESE group, but this difference was not significant (p = 0.06). Also, the maternal and paternal age did not affect ICSI outcomes.
Conclusion: Individuals who underwent TESE had higher fertilization and biochemical pregnancy rates than those who underwent micro-TESE, but the live birth rate was not significantly different.
Keywords: Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, Azoospermia, Testicular sperm extraction, Microdissection testicular sperm extraction, Pregnancy outcome.
Survey of Knowledge and Attitude of Pharmacists about Direct Oral Anticoagulants: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Vakili Zahra , Heydarpour Fatemeh , Shahbazi Foroud
Published: October 2021

Background: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are increasingly used due to fewer side effects, predictable pharmacokinetics, lower potential for drug interactions. Different levels of awareness among health care professionals have been reported.
Methods: The main objectives of this study were to investigate the knowledge and attitude of pharmacists about direct oral anticoagulants. The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional study performed in Kermanshah province, Iran. The validated researcher-made questionnaire included questions about demographic characteristics and specialized questions that assessed the knowledge and attitude of pharmacists towards new oral anticoagulants.            
Results: Out of 126 pharmacists participating in this study, 67 (53.2%) were male. The mean scores of knowledges and attitude in pharmacists were 64.94±5.84 and 28.62±3.98, respectively. The most common oral anticoagulant with a direct effect dispensed by pharmacists was rivaroxaban (77.4%). There was also a significant relationship between pharmacists' attitudes and their place of activity (P = 0.024).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that pharmacists had an acceptable knowledge and low attitude about DOACs.
The Role of Left Atrial Strain in Detecting Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction: Comparison between the 2009 and 2016 Recommendations
Authors: Samiei Niloufar , Abbasi Fatemeh , Shojaeifard Maryam , Parsaee Mozhgan , Hosseini Saeid , Rezaei Yousef , Naderi Nasim
Published: October 2021

Background: The frequency of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (DD) is overestimated by earlier recommendations. We compared the 2009 and 2016 guidelines regarding the detection of DD and explored the potential of adding left atrial (LA) strain to the current guideline.
Methods: Consecutive patients with heart failure were enrolled. All the patients were examined using 2-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) and tissue Doppler imaging. DD was evaluated in terms of E/eʹ, eʹ velocity, E, A, tricuspid regurgitation velocity, LA volume, and LA strain.
Results: This study evaluated 147 patients (101 males, 68.7%) at a mean age of 54.73±14.42 years. LA strain decreased with increasing grades of DD in both guidelines. The rate of reclassification between the 2 guidelines was 41%. The detection rate of normal diastolic function increased after the implementation of the 2016 guideline. LA strain discriminated individuals with normal diastolic function from those with DD more accurately than did LA volume index (area under the curve [AUC] =0.816 vs AUC=0.759, respectively). When LA strain <23% was incorporated into the 2016 guideline, 2 out of 4 patients with indeterminate diastolic function were reclassified as normal and 2 patients as grade I DD. The rate of reclassification was 4.1% after the addition of LA strain to the current guideline (κ=0.939, P<0.001).
Conclusion: This study showed that the current guideline detected lower rates of DD than did the earlier recommendations. Furthermore, the incorporation of LA strain into the current guideline resulted in lower rates of indeterminate diastolic function.
ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Unmasking Underlying Systemic Lupus Erythematosus or Representing Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura? Report of a Challenging Case
Authors: Ghodsi Saeed , Jenab Yaser , Mohebi Mehrnaz , Kamranzadeh Hosein , Mohammadi Zohre
Published: October 2021

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a multisystem disorder that frequently manifests itself with renal and neurological involvements. Cardiac involvement, however, has been rarely reported. In this report, we present a rare case of acquired TTP with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) as the initial manifestation. Although AMI was successfully managed by percutaneous coronary intervention, the patient developed hemolytic anemia, fever, marked thrombocytopenia, oliguria, and renal dysfunction, requiring treatment with plasma exchange and corticosteroids. TTP, albeit extremely rare, should be considered in cases with unexpected thrombocytopenia during acute-phase treatment for AMI as it can be highly lethal if not treated immediately.
The Malposition of the Pacing Lead in the Left Ventricle through an Atrial Septal Defect
Authors: Zoroufian Arezou , Vasheghani-Farahani Ali , Toofaninejad Neda
Published: October 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
Supply and Utilizations of Food Crops in Ghana, 1960–2000
Authors: Codjoe Samuel
Published: October 2021

Agriculture is the main economic activity of the majority of the population living in Ghana. It contributes over 40% of Gross Domestic Product and employs about half of Ghana’s labour force. Due to that much attention has been placed on sustainable management of agricultural resources in the country. About 13,628,179 hectares representing 57.1% of Ghana’s total land area of 23,853,900 hectares, is suitable for agriculture. However, total area under cultivation in 2000 was 5,808,600 hectares representing 42.6% of the agricultural area. Agriculture in Ghana is mainly on a smallholder basis, although there are some large farms and plantations, particularly for cocoa (1,200,000 ha); oil palm (285,000 ha); seed cotton (62,000 ha); tobacco (1,600 ha); and coconut, banana, kola, etc.(1,502,500 ha). The main system of farming is traditional with the use of hoe and cutlass. Even though there is little mechanised farming, subsistence farming is widespread, especially in northern Ghana. In the 1970s, Ghana was virtually selfsufficient in the production of maize, cocoyam, cassava, and plantain. In 1981-1983, the demand for all these crops except cassava exceeded production. From 1969 to 1983, annual total agricultural production declined by almost 1% while per capita production declined almost 4%. Food supply per person dropped almost 30%. Supply (import and export) and utilisation (for food, feed, seed, farm manure, waste and other uses) of food crops have consequences for food production in Ghana. Using data from the Food and Agriculture Organisation and the Ghana Ministry of Food and Agriculture Census, this paper assesses production, supply and utilisation of food crops in Ghana from 1960 to 2000. It also assesses the trend and pattern of population growth for the same period. Multiple regression models are used to ascertain the statistically significant predictors of food crop (rice, maize, millet, sorghum, cassava, yam and plantain) production in five periods, namely 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. The analysis shows that wastage, food imports, growth in human population, the utilisation of certain food crops as feed, food and on farms as manure, significantly influenced the production of food crops in Ghana at one point in time or the other in the five decades.
Seed Production and Support Systems for African Leafy Vegetables in Three Communities in Western Kenya
Authors:   Maseno University, Abukutsa-Onyango Mary
Published: October 2021

Communities in western Kenya have utilized several species of African Leafy Vegetables for food and valued them for their taste, nutritional qualities and medicinal properties. With increasing demand for these vegetables, there is a dire need for a formal reliable source of quality seed and need to study and develop seed support systems in communities in western Kenya. The objectives of the study were: determine the current seed support systems; collect, evaluate and multiply germplasm; establish seed support systems; determine effect of seed treatments on seedling emergency of priority African Leafy Vegetables in three communities in western Kenya. A survey was conducted by administering structured questionnaires to 30, 20 and 30 households in the Luhya, Luo and Kisii communities, respectively between Jan 2002 and March 2003. Germplasm collection, evaluation and multiplication of the priority African Leafy Vegetables was effected. Multiplied germplasm was used to establish a seed support system at Maseno University botanic garden and with 70 farmers in the three communities. Seed treatments for spiderplant, nightshades and jute mallow was conducted between June and August 2004. Treatments included T1=No treatment or Control, T2=Dipped seed in boiling water for 10 seconds, T3=Soaked seeds in water for 24 hrs and T4= Soak seed in 95% acetone for 30 minutes. Current seed support systems for African Leafy Vegetables are informal and constitute production from farmers’ own fields or from the village markets. Seven African leafy vegetable species were selected from 42 accessions collected based on seed weight, germination percentage and seed moisture content and these included Cleome gynandra, Crotalaria brevidens, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Solanum scabrum, Vigna unguiculata, Amaranthus blitum and Corchorus olitorius. Seed yields of the above species ranged from 1036-1320 kg/ha with 1000 seed weight of 1.1 to 100g. A total of 70 contact farmers in 6 districts of western Kenya were provided with seed and technical information on production and processing of seed, 13% of whom had started producing quality seed for their use or sale. A seed support system was set up at Maseno University Botanic garden to avail seed of the seven African Leafy Vegetables to farmers in the region and beyond. Seed treatments had a significant effect on the seedling emergence of spiderplant and African nightshade but not on jute mallow. It is recommended that Agronomic, processing and utilization packages be developed for the identified species.
A Conceptual Continuous Improvement Framework to Examine the "Problems of Understanding" Applied Research
Authors: MacLean Silvie
Published: October 2021

Objectives: Improving performance to meet strategic priorities, such as teaching balanced with increased applied research activities, has developed into a central, though contentious, discourse for faculty in Ontario colleges. The aim of this article is to analyze and better understand why faculty are not engaged in applied research practices. Method: This article draws from social cognition theory and a social constructivist perspective. The literature review examines the evolution of colleges in Ontario, including the political factors and symbolic artifacts that shape values and organizational practices. This study sought to explore how a conceptual continuous improvement (CI) framework might advance our understanding of the policy shifts between applied research discourses within Ontario colleges in Canada and barriers that faculty face to enact applied research practices. Results: Underpinned by a set of simple principles, including improving through communication, learning through collaboration, and changing through coordination, the conceptual CI processes and systematic method provide opportunities to bridge the different contexts and unveil the varied on-the-ground realities of faculty teaching and research tasks. Conclusions: The findings reveal developmental needs and adaptive institutional challenges related to applied research practice changes have been influenced by political, cultural, and socio-cognition contexts and tasks. Implication for Practice: The inventive conceptual CI framework provides a viable means to analyze the fragmented state of applied research practices across Ontario colleges, which may ignite conversations and inform decision-making as well as suggest approaches to change at other global postsecondary education institutions. The innovative conceptual CI framework analysis tool will be of interest to faculty, institutional leaders, faculty unions, and policymakers.
Research of the goal system of an interactive form of education (on the example of teaching Russian as a foreign language in a Master’s Degree Programm)
Authors: Vasileva Anastasia V.
Published: October 2021

Interactive learning, according to a review of scientific and methodic literature, is the most effective way to optimize the educational process at different stages of its formation, and es-pecially when teaching foreign languages and Russian as a foreign language. However, along with the highlighted values and advantages of interactive learning, there are a number of significant problems, the reason for which lies in insufficient attention to the systemic organization of the in-teractive learning process, which also creates an obstacle to building an effective management system for the evolution of this phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to identify patterns, conditions and factors that influence the formation and development of interactive learning. As a result of applying the methods of content analysis of literature and the categorical method “Order of goals”: 1) interactive learning is presented in the form of 3 categories (OK, Pk, IK), each of which reflects its qualitative certainty; 2) the goals of each category are determined; 3) a qualitative model of the object is constructed, where the interactive learning itself is a system, and the selected categories are subsystems; 5) revealed a typology of possible contradictions between the goals of each subsystem and the system as a whole; 6) predicted possible consequences and resolution of contradictions for the development of interactive learning. The results obtained make it possible to effectively resolve the contradictions arising in the system of goals of the object and between their carriers, and to create a model for managing the functioning of the interactive learning. It is concluded that the description of the methods of productive resolution of the revealed contradictions will allow building a qualitative process of training optimization, including foreign languages and Russian as a foreign language.
Selection of subject-specific content of teaching a foreign language for professional communication in a medical university in the framework of Content and Language Integrated Learning
Authors: Potapova Valentina Y.
Published: October 2021

The issue of selecting the subject content of teaching a foreign language for students of non-linguistic specialties is one of the topical issues facing many authors dealing with the teaching of foreign languages. For many specialties, this issue remains open. Few authors come to a common opinion on this issue, but separate courses are already ready for a number of specialties. However, on the issue of selecting the subject content of teaching a foreign language in a medical university, many practicing teachers have not come to a consensus. We examine the issue of teaching a foreign language in the framework of two directions: ESP (English for Specific Purposes) and CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning). We consider the issue of the subject content of training and give our understanding of this topic in the framework of teaching the specialty of medical students and propose to highlight the subject aspects of the content of teaching a foreign language for professional communication of students of medical universities of the specialties “General Medicine” and “Dentistry”.
Development of socio-cultural competence among high school students in foreign language lessons through authentic feature films
Authors: Popova Svetlana V. , Karandeeva Liudmila G. , Ulyanov Sergey S.
Published: October 2021

We substantiate the necessity of the formation of socio-cultural competence among high school students in foreign language lessons through authentic feature films. We carry out the analysis of the concept of “sociocultural competence”, its aspect composition (axiological, informational, activity), levels (critical, adaptive and productive), reflecting the formation of sociocultural competence in high school students, and criteria (motivation, cognition, functionality and beha-vior) are determined, based on which these levels are highlighted. We consider the issues of using the technology of blended learning in teaching foreign languages. The main focus is on the selec-tion of educational technology “flipped class”, which is referred to as blended learning models. The teaching model based on the inverted classroom technology consists of the following compo-nents: updated content, interactive methods, organizational forms, means of traditional and dis-tance learning and a set of independently developed tasks and exercises for three stages of working with feature films (interrogation, viewing, post-viewing). The testing of this complex is carried out within the framework of a specially conducted pedagogical experiment, as a result of which the complex has confirmed its effectiveness. We prove that methodologically well-organized work on the formation of socio-cultural competence among high school students in foreign language lessons through authentic feature films makes the process of teaching a foreign language creative and constructive.
Az Ipar 4.0 technológiák szerepe az élelmiszergyártó vállalatok innovációs tevékenységében
Authors: Erdei Edina , Popp József , Neményi Miklós , Oláh Judit
Published: October 2021

A szerzők a magyarországi élelmiszergyártó vállalatok fejlesztéseit, beruházásait akadályozó és elősegítő tényezőkről szerzett tapasztalatokat elemzik, illetve az Ipar 4.0 vállalati üzleti teljesítményre gyakorolt hatását veszik górcső alá. Kutatásuk alapját egy 2019 és 2020 között végzett kérdőíves felmérés képezi. Ennek keretében 276 élelmiszergyártó vállalattól gyűjtöttek adatokat, melyeket több statisztikai módszerrel, faktoranalízissel, K-közép klaszterezéssel, egyszempontos varianciaanalízissel, kereszttábla-elemzéssel vizsgáltak. Tanulmányuk célja a vállalati folyamat-innovációs problémák feltárása és az Ipar 4.0 eszközök növekvő használatának bemutatása.
Impact of Health and Agriculture Financing on Economic Growth in Nigeria
Authors:   1Department of Economics and Actuarial Sciences, College of Arts, Social and Management Sciences, Crescent University, KAREEM Rasaki Olufemi , LATEEF Olawale ,   Federal Medical Centre, Idi-Aba, Records Unit, ISIAKA Muideen Adejare ,   Department of Economics and Actuarial Sciences, College of Arts, Social and Management Sciences, Crescent University, RAHEEM Kamilu ,   Department of Economics and Actuarial Sciences, College of Arts, Social and Management Sciences, Crescent University, IJIE Jossy Ikhayere ,   Department of Economics, Federal College of Education
Published: October 2021

The study focused on the impact of health and agriculture financing on economic growth in Nigeria from 1981 to 2019. The study utilized the time series data which was extracted from Central Bank of Nigeria annual statistical bulletin. Unit Root test was performed with the use of Augmented Dickey-Fuller test in order to ascertain the stationarity of all the variables and they were all found to be stationary at order 1 in the two specified models (composite and disaggregated). Error Correction Model (ECM) was used to analyze the data in order to determine the speed of adjustment from the short run to the long run equilibrium state. Casualty test was used to confirm causal relationship among the variables of interests. The study revealed that Federal Government expenditure in Health sector has a significant effect on economic growth in Nigeria. Federal Government expenditure in Agricultural sector equally had a positive effect on economic growth but surprisingly not significant. Considering the disaggregated form, Federal Government capital expenditure in both Health and Agricultural sectors have positive and statistically significant effect on economic growth while Federal Government recurrent expenditure on health has a positive and statistically insignificant effect in economic. It was also revealed that there is causal relationship among the variables. Based on the findings, the study concluded that Federal Government Expenditure in Health Sectors and Agriculture Sectors have effect on economic growth in Nigeria.
Analysis of the Relationship between Currency Redenomination and Financial Transaction Costs in Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Trade and Exchange, Central Bank of Nigeria, MOHAMMED Hassana Aliyu , ISIK Abdurrahman ,   Department of Economics, Nile University of Nigeria, IOREMBER Paul Terhemba ,   Department of Economics, Nile University of Nigeria
Published: October 2021

The study analyses the relationship between currency redenomination and financial sector transaction costs in Nigeria using a sample of 200 respondents from ten financial institutions. Applying the Chi-square test, the study reveals that high currency redenomination removes wasteful transactions removes user costs (difficulties arising from memorizing, calculating and carrying large sum of lowest denominations: coins and smaller notes). The results also show that currency redenomination influences inflationary pressure and currency liberalization in Nigeria. Based on the findings the study recommends the introduction of currency redenomination to facilitate the consumers' cash payment and reduce the cost incurred by producers and issuing authorities, and also make payment system more efficient and effective.
A dialética subjetividade-objetividade
Authors: Chacon Daniel Ribeiro de Almeida , Silva Guilherme Oliveira e , Pinheiro Ana Luiza Fontoura
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo intenciona realizar uma breve investigação da relação dialética subjetividade-objetividade numa perspectiva emancipatória da classe oprimida. Com efeito, nosso objeto de estudo, a pedagogia do(a) oprimido(a) em Paulo Freire, será analisado numa perspectiva dialógica com o pensamento marxiano, com vistas a encontrar algumas marcas fundamentais da contribuição do filósofo alemão na constituição do ideário crítico freiriano. Destacamos aqui que o problema central da pesquisa, qual seja: a relação mundo e consciência, institui-se como problema indeclinável para o processo de luta histórica e social.
Centre-staging citizenship, power and communities in accountability discourses: An overview
Authors: Goswami Sathyasree , Pinto E Premdas
Published: October 2021

This paper distils the key insights from thematic and inter-thematic deliberations of the Global Symposium on Citizenship, Governance and Accountability in Health. It describes the evolution of the symposium theme on linking accountability to citizenship and governance in health while providing an overview of the symposium. The paper further synthesises the key discussions of the core-themes, lays out analytical reflections that have emerged from the deliberations that touch upon the issues of power and politics surrounding accountability, viz civil society, democracy, power, civic space and the role of private non-state actors that affect health rights of the marginalised.
Unified Explanation of Big Bang, Inflation, Charged Black Hole Decay, Galaxy Formation, Proton Spin Crisis and Elementary Particle Masses
Authors: Hwang Jae-Kwang
Published: October 2021

Space-time evolution is briefly explained by using the 3-dimensional quantized space model (TQSM) based on the 4-dimensional (4-D) Euclidean space. The energy (E=cDtDV), charges (|q|= cDt) and absolute time (ct) are newly defined based on the 4-D Euclidean space. The big bang is understood by the space-time evolution of the 4-D Euclidean space but not by the sudden 4-D Minkowski space-time creation. The big bang process created the matter universe with the positive energy and the partner anti-matter universe with the negative energy from the CPT symmetry. Our universe is the matter universe with the negative charges of electric charge (EC), lepton charge (LC) and color charge (CC). This first universe is made of three dark matter -, lepton -, and quark - primary black holes with the huge negative charges which cause the Coulomb repulsive forces much bigger than the gravitational forces. The huge Coulomb forces induce the inflation of the primary black holes, that decay to the super-massive black holes. The dark matter super-massive black holes surrounded by the normal matters and dark matters make the galaxies and galaxy clusters. The spiral arms of galaxies are closely related to the decay of the 3-D charged normal matter black holes to the 1-D charged normal matter black holes. The elementary leptons and quarks are created by the decay of the normal matter charged black holes, that is caused by the Coulomb forces much stronger than the gravitational forces. The Coulomb forces are very weak with the very small Coulomb constants (k1(EC) = kdd(EC) ) for the dark matters and very strong with the very big Coulomb constants (k2(EC) = knn(EC)) for the normal matters because of the non-communication of the photons between the dark matters and normal matters. The photons are charge dependent and mass independent. But the dark matters and normal matters have the similar and very weak gravitational forces because of the communication of the gravitons between the dark matters and normal matters. The gravitons are charge independent and mass dependent. Note that the three kinds of charges (EC, LC and CC) and one kind of mass (m) exist in our matter universe. The dark matters, leptons and quarks have the charge configurations of (EC), (EC,LC) and (EC,LC,CC), respectively. Partial masses of elementary fermions are calculated, and the proton spin crisis is explained. The charged black holes are not the singularities.
Rapid Detection of Small Faults and Oscillations in Synchronous Generator Systems Using GMDH Neural Networks and High-Gain Observers
Authors: Ghanooni Pooria , Habibi Hamed , Yazdani Amirmehdi , Wang Hai , MahmoudZadeh Somaiyeh , Mahmoudi Amin
Published: October 2021

This paper presents a robust and efficient fault detection and diagnosis framework for handling small faults and oscillations in synchronous generator (SG) systems. The proposed framework utilizes the Brunovsky form representation of nonlinear systems to mathematically formulate the fault detection problem. A differential-flatness model of SG systems is provided to meet the conditions of the Brunovsky form representation. A combination of high-gain observer and group method of data handling neural network is employed to estimate the trajectory of the system and to learn/ approximate the fault and uncertainties associated functions. The fault detection mechanism is developed based on output residual generation and monitoring so that any unfavourable oscillation and/or fault occurrence can be detected rapidly. Accordingly, an average L1-norm criterion is proposed for rapid decision making of faulty situations. The performance of the proposed framework is investigated for two benchmark scenarios which are actuation fault and fault impact on system dynamics. The simulation results demonstrate the capacity and effectiveness of the proposed solution for rapid fault detection and diagnosis in SG systems in practice, and thus enhancing service maintenance, protection, and life cycle of SGs.
Prosecuting Crimes against Humanity and Genocide at the International Crimes Tribunal Bangladesh: An Approach to International Criminal Law Standards
Authors: Billah Maruf
Published: October 2021

Bangladesh is recently prosecuting and punishing the perpetrators of crimes against humanity and genocide committed in the Liberation War of 1971 via a domestically operated International Crimes Tribunal Bangladesh (‘ICTB’). Though the Tribunal is preceded under the municipal law, it's material jurisdiction, i.e., crimes against humanity and genocide are originated from international criminal law. Therefore, this study purposes to examine several legal obligations of the ICTB in defining crimes against humanity and genocide as the core international crimes. Firstly, I scrutinize what is the legal status of international law (treaty and customary law) in Bangladesh's legal system? Secondly, by applying international criminal law standards, I focus on that is it one of the obligations of Bangladesh to apply international criminal law definitions of genocide under the treaty obligation as the contracting parties to Genocide Convention 1948, and the ICC Statute 1998? Thirdly, I also discuss whether Bangladesh has any obligation to apply customary international law definitions of crimes against humanity because crimes against humanity are considered as jus cogens offense in general international law, from which no derogation is permitted. Lastly, after a critical evaluation of domestic and international criminal law instruments, I conclude that Bangladesh certainly failed to fulfill its legal obligation to define international crimes under a treaty and customary laws, which is one of the fatal errors of the ICTB, a government-sponsored criminal tribunal, to secure criminal justice to the accused.
SmartScan: An Intelligent Online Scan Sequence Optimization Approach for Uniform Thermal Distribution, Reduced Residual Stresses and Deformations in PBF Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Ramani Keval S. , He Chuan , Tsai Yueh-Lin , Okwudire Chinedum E.
Published: October 2021

Parts produced by laser or electron-beam powder bed fusion (PBF) additive manufacturing are prone to residual stresses, deformations, and other defects linked to non-uniform temperature distribution during the manufacturing process. Several researchers have highlighted the important role scan sequence plays in achieving uniform temperature distribution in PBF. However, scan sequence continues to be determined offline based on trial-and-error or heuristics, which are neither optimal nor generalizable. To address these weaknesses, we have articulated a vision for an intelligent online scan sequence optimization approach to achieve uniform temperature distribution, hence reduced residual stresses and deformations, in PBF using physics-based and data-driven thermal models. This paper proposes SmartScan, our first attempt towards achieving our vision using a simplified physics-based thermal model. The conduction and convection dynamics of a single layer of the PBF process are modeled using the finite difference method and radial basis functions. Using the model, the next best feature (e.g., stripe or island) that minimizes a thermal uniformity metric is found using control theory. Simulations and experiments involving laser marking of a stainless steel plate are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of SmartScan in comparison to existing heuristic scan sequences for stripe and island scan patterns. In experiments, SmartScan yields up to 43% improvement in average thermal uniformity and 47% reduction in deformations (i.e., warpage) compared to existing heuristic approaches. It is also shown to be robust, and computationally efficient enough for online implementation.
Machine Learning and IoT Applied to Cardiovascular Diseases Identification through Heart Sounds: A Literature Review
Authors: Brites Ivo S. G. , Silva Lidia M. , Barbosa Jorge Luis Victória , Rigo Sandro J. , Correia Sergio Duarte , Leithardt Valderi Reis Quietinho
Published: October 2021

This article presents a systematic mapping study dedicated to conduct a literature review on machine learning and IoT applied in the identification of diseases through heart sounds. This research was conducted between January 2010 and July 2021, considering IEEE Xplore, PubMed Central, ACM Digital Library, JMIR- Journal of Medical Internet Research, Springer Library, and Science Direct. The initial search resulted in 4,372 papers, and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 58 papers were selected for full reading to answer the research questions. The main results are: of the 58 articles selected, 46 (79.31%) mention heart rate observation methods with wearable sensors and digital stethoscopes, and 34 (58.62%) mention care with machine learning algorithms. The analysis of the studies based on the bibliometric network generated by the VOSviewer showed in 13 studies (22.41%) a trend related to the use of intelligent services in the prediction of diagnoses related to cardiovascular disorders.
Biome Profiling and Clinical Parasitology: Tools for Gut Microbiota Restoring
Authors: pane stefania , Ristori Maria Vittoria , gardini simone , russo alessandra , Del Chierico Federica , PUTIGNANI LORENZA
Published: October 2021

A growing body of evidences is showing that dysbiotic gut microbiota may correlate with a wide range of disorders; hence, the clinical use of microbiota maps and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can be exploited in the clinic of some infectious diseases. Through direct or indirect ecological and functional competition, FMT may stimulate decolonization of pathogens or opportunistic pathogens, modulating immune response and colonic inflammation, and restoring intestinal homeostasis, with reduction of host damage. Herein, we discuss how diagnostic parasitology may contribute to design clinical metagenomics pipelines and FMT programs, especially in pediatric subjects. The consequences of a more specialized diagnostics in the context of gut microbiota communities may improve the clinical parasitology and extend its applications to the prevention and treatment of several communicable and even noncommunicable disorders.
The Effect of Productive Safety Net Programme on Household Food Consumption and Dietary Diversity in Ethiopia
Authors: Feyisa Mebratu
Published: October 2021

This study empirically investigates the effect of productive safety net programme (PSNP) on household food consumption and dietary diversity in Ethiopia. The study applied random effects with instrumental variable to estimate the effect of PSNP membership. The result of the study indicates that though PSNP membership improves household food consumption, it reduces household dietary diversity score. Household food consumption and dietary diversity are also significantly influenced by sex, age, education status of household head, household size, livestock ownership, distance to the nearest market and participation in non-farm activities. The findings of this study suggest that PSNP membership should be reinforced by building household awareness of the benefits of consuming a variety of foods. In addition, PSNP membership should be designed to endow the households to accumulate essential assets, especially livestock.