bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and associated factors among patients with chronic illness in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Animaw Zelalem , Walle Ayehu Gashaw , Abdu Hussen
Published: April 2022

Objective:

The main aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to provide summarized evidence on the prevalence of chronic kidney disease and associated factors among patients with chronic illness in Ethiopia.

Method:

Databases of MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Cochrane library, and ScienceDirect were searched. In addition, gray literatures were searched manually from university repositories. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist was used to select potential studies. Microsoft Excel 2013 sheet template was used to extract data. The quality of included studies was assessed by utilizing the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. STATA software version 14.0 is used to compute the estimated pooled prevalence and associated factors of chronic kidney disease.

Result:

Twelve articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included. The pooled estimate of chronic kidney disease among patients with chronic illnesses in Ethiopia is 21.71% (95% confidence interval: 17.67, 25.74). The highest prevalence of chronic kidney disease among patients with chronic illnesses is from Oromia (32.55% (confidence interval: 19.91, 45.19)). Glomerular filtration rate showed a comparable pooled prevalence from Cockroft-Gault and MDRD methods; 22.38% (confidence interval: 15.83, 28.92), 22.18 (confidence interval: 18.01, 26.34), respectively. Hypertensives become more likely to have chronic kidney disease compared with normotensive patients, (odds ratio = 3.01, 95% confidence interval: 1.33, 6.81).

Conclusion:

Prevalence of chronic kidney disease among chronic illness patients was significantly high. Hypertension is significantly associated with chronic kidney disease. Hence, we recommend that continuous screening of possible risk factors and proper follow-up and management strategies should be designed.
Patient satisfaction with referral service and associated factors among public hospitals in and around Addis Ababa, Central Ethiopia
Authors: Guddu Dessalegn Keney , Demissie Dereje Bayissa
Published: April 2022

Objective:

Studies in sub-Saharan Africa have shown that patient satisfaction with referral procedures and systems is low due to multiple factors. Despite the challenges on patient satisfaction with referral service in Ethiopia, there are only limited studies on overall satisfaction and associated factors with referral services of the hospitals. The purpose of this study was to determine patient satisfaction with referral services and related characteristics among patients referred to referral hospitals in Central Ethiopia, in the year 2021.

Methods:

A facility-based multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted at public hospitals in and around Addis Ababa using both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. The hospitals were selected using a simple random sampling method from the list. Data were collected from 317 referral forms and chart reviews, 310 patient interviews, 27 focused group discussions, and 16 insider observations. The collected data were coded and entered into EPI INFO version 7 and transferred to SPSS version 25 for further analysis. Both binary and multivariable logistic regression models were computed to see the association between independent versus outcome variables. The findings were taken as significant with a p value of <0.05 at 95% confidence interval and results were presented with text, graphs, figures, and tables.

Result:

Overall level of patients’ satisfaction of referral services in Central Ethiopia was 73.5%, confidence interval (67.9%–81.1 %,) and near 85% of the participants had got an examination by the respective health care worker on arrival. This study identified that factors that increase odds of patient satisfaction toward referral services were status of communication (adjusted odd ratio 44.09 (95% confidence interval, 5.47, 355.68), perceived level of experience of health providers who handle the referral process (adjusted odd ratio 6.42 (95% confidence interval, 1.20, 34.42) and coordination status of the hospitals during referral acceptance (adjusted odd ratio 35.50 (95% confidence interval, 4.87, 258.60) and these were significantly associated with patient’s satisfaction toward referral services. Referral without communication among hospitals was stated as the leading challenge by focused group discussants and very limited practice on referral feedback was reported by insider observers.

Conclusion:

This study determined that the overall level of patient satisfaction toward referral services in Central Ethiopia was moderate with identified factors that increase odds of patient satisfaction toward referral system being the way of communication, health provider’s experience, and coordination status of the hospitals on referral acceptance. Hence, policymakers and the ministry of health would better consider the aforementioned factors during referral program development and training for improvement of patients’ satisfaction with referral services.
Explaining party fragmentation at district-level Indonesia
Authors: Okthariza Noory
Published: April 2022

While predominant views within party fragmentation literature suggest the importance of the sociological and institutional hypothesis, the Indonesian case provides a new perspective on the issue at hand. Using district-level elections, this article recognizes the weight of existing perspectives, but posits the need to empirically assess the effect of certain seat apportionment methods in the proportional representation system—a much under-explored argument within the literature. This article shows that Indonesia’s methods for allocating seats, the Hare and Sainte-Laguë methods, have been relatively benign in creating party fragmentation. Yet the latter method has been more favorable for small parties due to its deeper bent toward the disproportionality of votes. Additionally, given that major parties often perform unevenly across district elections, the nature of party competition at local politics has greatly diverged from that of the national arena. This article argues that this diversity has been driven partly by the strong influence of ethnic and geographical dispersion, making it hard for major parties to preside over local politics. Thus the concept of party nationalization hardly exists, and party fragmentation could be the default of the party system at local politics in Indonesia for years to come.
Audit Committee Independence and Auditor Reporting for Financially Distressed Companies: Evidence From an Emerging Economy
Authors: Saeed Abubakr , Ali Qasim , Riaz Hammad , Khan Muhammad Asif
Published: April 2022

This study examines the relationship between audit committee independence (by using stockholding as a measure to assess substantive independence) and auditor reporting for financially distressed companies. Based on hand-collected data for 86 financially distressed companies listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) for the period 2011 to 2019, our logistic regression results show that the greater the percentage of audit committee stockholding, the less likely the auditor is to issue going concern report. Further, this relationship is exacerbated by CEO influence. The results are robust to alternative estimation techniques, different measures of audit committee independence and CEO influence, and endogeneity issue. These results suggest that alongside procedural independence, it is important to focus on substantive independence of audit committees by using stockholding as an independence measure and assessing its impacts on auditor reporting. This study has important implications for shareholders and investors.
Privacy Territories in Student University Housing Design: Introduction of the Hierarchy of Isolation and Privacy in Architecture Tool (HIPAT)
Authors: McCartney Shelagh , Rosenvasser Ximena
Published: April 2022

Students’ privacy expectations in university housing have increased, a change that has been reflected in universities shifting from traditional units to increasing numbers of apartments and suites. This study examines privacy and territories in student university housing architecture, using architectural plans of 76 residences, relating the socialization of university students to their academic success by bringing together various literatures—student development, student development practice, and architecture of student housing—to address positivesocializing forms of architecture and effects of crowding and isolation in residence design. The proposed Hierarchy of Isolation and Privacy in Architecture Tool (HIPAT) is a tool for measuring and analyzing levels of privacy and the impact that control mechanisms in the built environment of student university housing have on them. The HIPAT addresses the need to analyze student interactions in residences from an architectural lens that applies a robust privacy literature as well as visualizing primary, secondary, and public territories in student university housing.
Local Adaptation of Work Practices: The Case of BancoEstado’s “CajaVecina” Correspondent Banking System
Authors: Espinosa-Cristia Juan Felipe , Alarcón José Ignacio , Batiz-Lazo Bernardo
Published: April 2022

This article contributes to the discussion of everyday domestic finance technologies by looking at CajaVecina, a correspondent banking network coordinated by BancoEstado, a leading Chilean financial institution. Differences in perceptions between actual users and designers of ICT for development projects (ICT2D) emerged from structured interviews with executives of financial intermediaries, customers, and shopkeepers. The extent to which independent merchants operating CajaVecina’s bespoke terminals confront and solve the “design-actuality gap” questioned whether the CajaVecina system enabled neighborhood retail stores to act as a de facto bank branch. Empirical results suggested that was not the case. Instead of following strict contractual behavior, participants in the correspondent banking network addressed a design gap through social interaction and leveraging relationships with repeat customers. This behavior builds on information emanating from what they called “operating quotas.” Operating quotas enabled BancoEstado to diversify risk, document financial services habits, and forecast the performance of merchants (particularly small, independent retail shops). Merchants used trends in operating quotas to tailor services offered through the CajaVecina terminal while aiming to increase the loyalty of trusted customers. These results further the understanding of correspondent banking services aiming to increase financial inclusion by providing evidence of a previously unexplored aspect of these networks, where social dimensions take precedence over economic, financial, and technological aspects.
Content Analysis of the Problems and Challenges of Agricultural Water Use: A Case Study of Lake Urmia Basin at Miandoab, Iran
Authors: Es’haghi Seyed Reza , Karimi Hamid , Rezaei Amirreza , Ataei Pouria
Published: April 2022

The present study aimed to identify the problems and challenges of water resources use by the agricultural sector. The research conducted a qualitative content analysis on documents and semi-structured interviews with experts and key informants in the study site of Miandoab, Iran. Based on the results, the challenges of water resources use for agriculture include (i) the problems related to water consumption management composed of two sub-categories of encouraging farmers to participate in water consumption management and the problems related to monitoring and controlling water consumption, (ii) the problems of water resources management including the sub-categories of inappropriate management perspective on water abstraction, the problem of managing unauthorized abstractions, the problems of the infrastructure of water allocation scheduling, and (iii) the problems of farmers’ traditionalism whose sub-categories are farmers’ incorrect habits and experiences, low awareness, low motivation, and poor knowledge, as well as the problems related to their farms.
Norm-Referenced Scoring on Real Data: A Comparative Study of GRiSTEN and STEN
Authors: Gunver Mehmet Guven
Published: April 2022

STEN (Standard Ten) is the most frequently preferred score generating method among the norm reference scores (e.g., percentile rank, STANINE) However, it is usually misleading because of the skewness presented with the data. In this study, rather than STEN, GRiSTEN (Golden Ratio in Statistics) approach is proposed to generate relatively fair outcomes. The GRiSTEN method acknowledges the effects of skewness by accounting for the contribution of each data element to the center point based on its specific location in the data stack. Generating norms using the GRiSTEN approach enables us to mark “the most capable” or “the least capable” scores regarding the test without involving too many arithmetic operations. In order to verify the applicability of the psychometric tests based on System Sigma run by Mevasis IT Consultancy in Turkey, a watch test, which is designed to observe respondents’ estimation of velocity, is carried out with a pilot group consisting of 407 male respondents aged between 30 and 50. By using GRiSTEN approach, it is shown that consistent outputs can be obtained without changing, ignoring, or transforming any elements regardless of the number of elements, skewness, distribution, and values of the data array.
What Do I Know About Social-Emotional Learning: A Comparative Analysis Between Public and Private Preschool Teachers in Punjab
Authors: Kaur Jasleen , Sharma Anupam
Published: April 2022

The primary objective is to compare the difference in preschool teachers’ understanding of the five competencies of social-emotional learning (SEL) in India. The purpose is to assist teachers in reflecting on their emotions and knowledge about SEL, which is important for their personal and professional development. However, the research on preschool teachers’ own SEL is very limited in the state of Punjab in India. Therefore, this study examined 90 teachers’ understanding of SEL via a survey and a self-reported questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and parametric t-test in SPSS. The results revealed that private preschool teachers of the Ludhiana and Patiala districts of Punjab have better knowledge about the competencies of SEL than public preschool teachers. The findings highlight the need to improve the SEL of both public and private preschool teachers, focusing on public preschool teachers through continuous and effective training interventions.
Dysmenorrhea and associated symptoms in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gedefaw Getnet , Wondmieneh Adam , Getie Addisu , Waltengus Fikadu , Demis Asmamaw , Wang Chi Chiu
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

Dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecologic compliant and reproductive health problem among adolescents, young, and reproductive age group. Dysmenorrhea has psychological, physical, and behavioral impact on adolescent girls in different regions.

Objective:

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the overall prevalence of dysmenorrhea, its pain intensity and associated symptoms in Ethiopia and compare with other countries.

Methods:

Literatures from PubMed, MEDLINE, EMABSE, CINHAL, SCOPUS, Hinari, Africa journals, and Google scholar were retrieved. Eligible cross-sectional studies were included for meta-analysis. I2 statistics was calculated to check heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis based on outcome of interest was performed. Sensitivity analysis was undertaken to examine the level of heterogeneity.

Results:

The prevalence of overall and primary dysmenorrhea in Ethiopia was 72% (95%CI 68–77) and 72.27% (95%CI 69.8–75.33) respectively. Back pain 56.62% (95%CI 46.68–66.57) and fatigue 51.51% (95%CI 40.08–62.94) were more common than headache 29.15% (95%CI 18.16–40.14) whereas moderate pain 41.03% (95%CI 33.98–48.07) was more common than mild 31.83% (95%CI 21.61–42.05) and severe pain intensity 21.57% (95%CI 14.24–28.89). The prevalence between small and large samples, Northern and South/West Ethiopia, and school girls and university students were nearly similar. Positive family history (OR = 4.05; 95%CI 3.15–5.20), early menarche (OR = 2.91; 95%CI 2.00–4.24) and irregular monthly menstrual cycle (OR = 1.87, 95%CI 1.23–2.84) were the predictors of dysmenorrhea.

Conclusion:

Compared with other countries, the prevalence of dysmenorrhea in Ethiopia is moderate, presenting as mainly back pain and fatigue with moderate pain intensity. Positive family history, early menarche, and irregular menstrual cycle are the positive contributing factors.
Magnitude and Determinants of Reverse Tenancy: A Study of Agriculturally Developed and Backward States
Authors: Sharma H. R. , Malik Shakir Hussain
Published: April 2022

The present study analyses the extent of reverse tenancy in terms of who leases in and who leases out land in agriculturally developed and backward states using unit-level National Sample Survey data from different rounds. There are three important findings of the study. First, reverse tenancy in terms of distribution of leased in and leased-out land among households of different size categories is more pronounced in agriculturally developed states while in agriculturally backward states, most of the leased in and leased-out land was accounted for by sub-marginal, marginal and small households. Second, in terms of concentration of leased in and leased-out land among households at different levels of ownership hierarchy, the tenancy relations in both the categories of states conform to the traditional variety where most of the leased-in land is concentrated among households that are at the bottom and middle levels and leased-out land among households that are at top different levels. Third, the results of the logit regression further show that variables such as household size, age of the head of family, education of the head of the family, self-employment in agriculture, ownership of livestock and land use affect the probability of medium and large households leasing in and sub-marginal, marginal and small households leasing out land though the nature of their effect, and statistical significance of the regression coefficients vary among agriculturally developed and backward states and also over the years.
Patterns of Intervertebral Disk Alteration in Asymptomatic Elite Rowers: A T2* MRI Mapping Study
Authors: Benedikter Chiara , Abrar Daniel Benjamin , Konieczny Markus , Schleich Christoph , Bittersohl Bernd
Published: April 2022

Background:

Repetitive loading of the back puts elite rowers at risk for acute and chronic back injuries.

Hypothesis:

That asymptomatic elite rowers would demonstrate characteristic intervertebral disk (IVD) alterations on T2* magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) mapping compared with asymptomatic nonrowers.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

This study included 20 asymptomatic elite rowers (mean age, 23.4 ± 3.03 years; 9 women, 11 men) studied at 2 different times, once before ( t 1) and once after ( t 2) the competition phase. MRI including T2* mapping was performed on a 3-T scanner. The authors derived normative T2* data from a previous study on 40 asymptomatic volunteers (20 men, 20 women) who were not competitive rowers; based on complete T2* data sets, 37 controls were included. T2* values were compared between groups in 4 lumbar IVDs, and midsagittal T2* values were compared in 5 zones: anterior annulus fibrosus (AF), anterior nucleus pulposus (NP), central NP, posterior NP, and posterior AF. The Pfirrmann grade was used for morphological assessment of disk degeneration. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon matched-pairs test, and Spearman rank correlation coefficient.

Results:

Lower T2* values were noted in the rower group compared with the controls (37.08 ± 33.63 vs 45.59 ± 35.73 ms, respectively; P < .001). The intersegmental comparison revealed lower mean T2* values among rowers ( P ≤ .027 for all). The interzonal comparison indicated significantly lower mean T2* values for the rowers in all zones except for the anterior NP ( P ≤ .008 for all). Lower mean T2* values were observed for the rowers at t 1 versus t 2 (39.25 ± 36.19 vs 43.97 ± 38.67 ms, respectively; P = .008). The authors noted a higher level of IVD damage according to Pfirrmann assessment in the rower cohort ( P < .001); the Pfirrmann grade distributions of rowers versus controls, respectively, were as follows: 51.3% versus 73.7% (grade 1), 20.5% versus 19.5% (grade 2), 21.8% versus 6.8% (grade 3), 5.1% versus 0% (grade 4), and 1.3% versus 0% (grade 5). The authors also noted a correlation between low T2* and high Pfirrmann grade at t 1 ( r =–0.48; P < .001) and t 2 ( r =–0.71; P < .001).

Conclusion:

The cohort of elite rowers revealed more degenerative IVD changes compared with controls. The T2* values suggest that repetitive loading of the spine has demonstrable short-term and possibly permanent effects on the lumbar IVD.
Elongation Patterns of Posterolateral Corner Reconstruction Techniques: Results Using 3-Dimensional Weightbearing Computed Tomography Simulation
Authors: Hodel Sandro , Hasler Julian , Fürnstahl Philipp , Fucentese Sandro F. , Vlachopoulos Lazaros
Published: April 2022

Background:

The isometric characteristics of nonanatomic and anatomic posterolateral corner (PLC) reconstruction techniques under weightbearing conditions remain unclear.

Purpose:

To (1) simulate graft elongation patterns during knee flexion for 3 different PLC reconstruction techniques (Larson, Arciero, and LaPrade) and (2) compute the most isometric insertion points of the fibular collateral ligament (FCL) graft strands for each technique and report quantitative radiographic landmarks.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

The authors performed a 3-dimensional simulation of 10 healthy knees from 0° to 120° of flexion using weightbearing computed tomography (CT) scans. The simulation was used to calculate ligament length changes during knee flexion for the PLC reconstruction techniques of Larson (nonanatomic single-bundle fibular sling reconstruction), Arciero (anatomic reconstruction with additional popliteofibular ligament graft strand), and LaPrade (anatomic reconstruction with popliteofibular ligament graft strand and popliteus tendon graft strand). The most isometric femoral insertion points for the FCL graft strands were computed within a 10-mm radius around the lateral epicondyle (LE), using an automatic string generation algorithm (0 indicating perfect isometry). Radiographic landmarks for the most isometric points were reported.

Results:

Median graft lengthening during knee flexion was similar for the anterior graft strands of all 3 techniques. The posterior graft strands demonstrated significant differences, from lengthening for the Arciero (9.9 mm [range, 6.7 to 15.9 mm]) and LaPrade (10.2 mm [range, 4.1 to 19.7 mm]) techniques to shortening for the Larson technique (−17.1 mm [range, −9.3 to −22.3 mm]; P < .0010). The most isometric point for the FCL graft strands of all techniques was located at a median of 2.2 mm (range, −2.2 to 4.5 mm) posterior and 0.3 mm (range, −1.8 to 3.7 mm) distal to the LE.

Conclusion:

Overconstraint can be avoided by tensioning the posterior graft strands in the Larson technique in extension, and in the Arciero and LaPrade techniques at a minimum of 60° of knee flexion. The most isometric point was located posterodistal to the LE.

Clinical Relevance:

The described isometric behavior of nonanatomic and anatomic PLC reconstruction techniques can guide optimal surgical reconstruction and prevent graft lengthening and overconstraint of the lateral compartment in knee flexion. Repetitive graft lengthening has been found to be associated with graft failure, and overconstraint favors lateral compartment pressure and cartilage degeneration.
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Case Study of Patient Engagement in the Treatment of a Chronic Disease
Authors: Gelkopf Maxwell J , McAllister Laura , Gilani Kia , Sundaram Arun NE
Published: April 2022

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is a rare neurological disorder characterized by increased intracranial pressure, which can lead to visual loss and headaches. While medical therapy exists, weight loss is the only disease-modifying treatment. Weight loss is the only therapy that leads to sustained resolution of papilledema. Involving the patient in their disease management through patient engagement is a way to improve disease outcomes, and strengthen the therapeutic relationship. This feature discusses an overview of the disease, a patient's experience, and a physician's perspective.
Visualizing Ryderian Comparative Cohort Careers: Trends in Tolerance for Homosexuality, 1886 to 2001
Authors: Fosse Ethan
Published: April 2022

Sociologists and demographers have long been interested in using population-level data to understand the nature and extent of life-cycle and social change. Examining tolerance for homosexuality using data on more than 116 cohorts born across three centuries in the United States, the author presents a novel visualization of Ryderian comparative cohort careers that parsimoniously summarizes intra- and intercohort trends, or life-cycle and social change. Results indicate dramatically rising levels of tolerance within and across cohorts, with the greatest amount of progress occurring among successive cohorts born before the middle of the twentieth century.
Competing climate spectacles in the amplified public space
Authors: Johnson Eleanor , Haarstad Håvard
Published: April 2022

The climate change debate is finding new expressions through political protests and demonstrations, during which a plurality of climate narratives emerges. While protests such as Extinction Rebellion have had a strong physical manifestation, involving many people showing up in concrete locations, they have also been facilitated and mediated virtually. In this paper, we examine the spectacle generated when divergent discourses on climate change compete for attention in spaces that are simultaneously urban and virtual. The paper is based on empirical evidence from events surrounding London Fashion Week 2019, focusing on the political mobilization by Extinction Rebellion Boycott Fashion (XRBF) and other groups. Discussing this changing nature of urban protest spectacle, we point to the emergence of an ‘amplified public space’ shaped at the intersection of material and virtual spaces of the city. Both the fashion industry and XRBF employ techniques of spectacle in their strategies to advance their respective climate change and sustainability narratives. We argue that XRBF, in particular, has managed to influence the climate change debate by strategically staging spectacular protest events that are both facilitated and played out in virtual space.
How do cities challenge patterns of demand? Characterising the local governance of climate change in Nordic cities
Authors: Schrage Jesse , Kjærås Kristin
Published: April 2022

Meeting international climate targets will require deep and rapid shifts in urban demand patterns. While the literature has emphasized the role played by cities in the response to climate change, it remains unclear whether or how urban-level interventions actually affect possibilities for low-carbon living, and contribute to the re-configuration of everyday practices. In this paper, we use a social practice lens to understand how, and to what extent a range of Nordic cities target everyday demand patterns in the development of low-carbon policies. Contemporary demand-side approaches have been critiqued for their focus on the provision of low-carbon technologies and individual-level interventions. Instead, we argue that understanding how measures target and intervene in everyday practices provide a relevant lens for approaching the success of low-carbon interventions. Using an intervention-in practice-framework to understand urban interventions, we find that current measures rely heavily on non-committal measures in the domains of mobility and housing and forms of household self-governance. This paper concludes by discussing the policy implications of taking a practice view in developing climate interventions in urban setting, arguing that such perspective broadens the range of governance approaches adopted by cities to govern a reduction of urban emissions.
Jatikaran: Caste, Rats, and the control of space at the Karni Mata Mandir
Authors: Trembley Kyle J.
Published: April 2022

This paper explores how multispecies relationships with a range of nonhuman actors shape and are shaped by the politics of caste and religion in the multi-caste-species spaces of the Karni Mata Mandir, a popular pilgrimage and tourist site in Deshnoke, Rajasthan that has become sensationally renowned as India's “rat temple.” However, to members of the dominant-caste Charan community, who administer and work in the Karni Mata Temple, the twenty thousand inhabitants of the temple are entirely different from rats—they are kaba, the reincarnated descendants of Charans from the lineage of Karni Mata and they are considered and cared for as kin by members of the Charan community. Charans differentiate kaba from rats through a variety of discursive and material means such as the surveillance and control of the temple's boundaries, discourses of health and hygiene, concepts of transmigration, and practices of consumption and touch. These ways of differentiating rats and kaba intersect with those mobilized by Charans in practices of caste and the exclusion of local Dalit communities from the inner temple, particularly Valmikis, who comprise the second largest population of workers employed by the temple. Drawing upon ethnographic research and insights from multispecies studies, Dalit studies, and critical race studies, this article examines interdependent, relational processes of jatikaran, or processes through which human and nonhuman bodies become reified along caste, species, and other classificatory lines at the Karni Mata Mandir.
Is perioperative blood pressure monitoring during intravitreal injections important?
Authors: Debbarma Meri , Kohli Piyush , Banushree R. , Sen Sagnik , Kumar Jayant , Babu Naresh , Ramasamy Kim
Published: April 2022

Background:

Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor intravitreal injections (IVIs) have proved to be a boon for patients suffering from several retinal pathologies. They are one of the most commonly performed procedures in ophthalmology. A perioperative rise in blood pressure (BP) has been noted during cataract surgery.

Objectives:

To evaluate the perioperative BP changes during IVI, and the associated risk factors.

Design:

Cross-sectional observational study

Methods:

The patients undergoing IVI from May 2019 to August 2019 were evaluated. All the patients underwent BP measurement before, during, and 1 h after the IVI. The correlation between the demographics and, the systemic comorbidities of the patients, and the ocular condition for which IVI was given was evaluated.

Results:

The study included 302 patients (mean age of 59.9 ± 10.7 years). The mean increase in systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) at the time of injection was 25.7 ± 21.0 and 1.3 ± 13.4 mmHg, respectively. A ⩾ 10, ⩾ 20, ⩾ 30 mmHg increase in SBP at the time of injection was seen in 83.8% ( n = 253), 69.5% ( n = 210) and 49.0% ( n = 148) patients, respectively. Forty-one (13.6%) patients developed intra-procedural hypertensive urgency, out of which six patients (14.6%) did not recover even after 1 h of the procedure. None of the patients experienced any cardiovascular events. The univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses showed that the change in intra-procedural SBP correlated positively with the age of the patient and negatively with the baseline SBP.

Conclusion:

There is a significant rise of SBP at the time of IVI, especially in patients with advanced age and high baseline SBP. Some of the patients can experience hypertensive urgency at the time of injection and may take more than 1 h to recover. The patients receiving IVI should undergo a detailed physician evaluation before the procedure.
Slander, Shouts, and Silence: Incumbent Resistance to Disruptive Logics
Authors: Edman Jesper , Arora-Jonsson Stefan
Published: April 2022

This paper develops a typology of incumbent resistance to disruptive new logics. Although scholars of institutional change have studied public forms of resistance, a comprehensive understanding of how incumbents oppose disruptive new logics also necessitates attention to the quiet forms of resistance. Conceptualizing resistance as a form of institutional work, we draw on insights from the literatures on institutional change and social movements to develop a typology of public, hidden, and implicit resistance to disruptive logics. Broadening the understanding of resistance work to include its quiet forms enables institutional scholars to understand how field incumbents resist disruption and why such efforts may be successful. A broadened analysis of incumbent resistance is vital for theorizing the past and future resilience of some of the most central institutions of modern society, such as the carbon-based economy and democracy.
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma Among Children: Pathological Aspects and Diagnostic Challenges
Authors: Derqaoui Sabrine , Boujida Ismail , Marbouh Oussama , Rouas Lamiaa , Hessissen Laila , Lamalmi Najat
Published: April 2022

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) are common malignancies in children. Available data on clinico-pathological aspects of pediatric NHL in developping countries are limited and diagnostic approach appears more delicate with absence of molecular studies. The objectives of our study are: analyzing the pathological spectrum of NHL among children and highlighting challenges in the diagnosis including: limited biopsic material; unususal subtyptes, age group, or localization. We retrospectively analyzed clinico pathological characteristics of 101 NHL’s cases among children diagnosed in the Pediatric’s pathology unit over a period of 4 years There were 78 (77.2%) male and 23 (22.8%) female. The median age was 7.2 years. The most common histologic subtypes of NHL were Burkitt lymphoma in 65 patients (64.4% ); followed by lymphoblastic lymphoma in 22 patients, large B-cell lymphoma in 9 patients ( 8.9%); anaplastic T cell lymphoma in 3 patients; NOS mature T cell lymphoma and pediatric type follicular lympoma in 1 patient each. In conclusion, this study Morocco illustrates the pattern of distribution of NHL and emphasizes challenges in the diagnosis of these neoplasms.
Mannose treatment improves immune deficiency in mannose phosphate isomerase–congenital disorder of glycosylation: case report and review of literature
Authors: De Graef Diederik , Mousa Jehan , Waberski Marta Biderman , Morava Eva
Published: April 2022

Mannose phosphate isomerase–congenital disorder of glycosylation (MPI-CDG) is a CDG presenting with a clinically recognizable presentation, including early hypoglycemia, coagulation defects, and gastrointestinal and hepatic symptoms. We report on a female patient with biallelic pathogenic mutations in the MPI gene who presented with recurrent respiratory infections and abnormal IgM levels, but none of the classic symptoms associated with MPI-CDG. Oral mannose therapy led to a fast improvement in serum IgM levels and transferrin glycosylation in our patient. The patient did not experience severe infections after the initiation of treatment. We also reviewed the immune phenotype in patients so far reported with MPI-CDG.
Three-dimensional Modeling and Simulation of Muscle Tissue Puncture Process
Authors: Lv Zongkai , Song Qinghua , Gao Fan , Liu Zhanqiang , Wan Yi , Jiang Yonghang
Published: April 2022

Needle biopsy is an essential part of modern clinical medicine. The puncture accuracy and sampling success rate of puncture surgery can be effectively improved through virtual surgery. There are few three-dimensional puncture (3D) models, which have little significance for surgical guidance under complicated conditions and restrict the development of virtual surgery. In this paper, a 3D simulation of the muscle tissue puncture process is studied. Firstly, the mechanical properties of muscle tissue are measured. The Mooney-Rivlin (M-R) model is selected by considering the fitting accuracy and calculation speed. Subsequently, an accurate 3D dynamic puncture model is established. The failure criterion is used to define the breaking characteristics of the muscle, and the bilinear cohesion model defines the breaking process. Experiments with different puncture speeds are carried out through the built in vitro puncture platform. The experimental results are compared with the simulation results. The experimental and simulated reaction force curves are highly consistent, which verifies the accuracy of the model. Finally, the model under different parameters is studied. The simulation results of varying puncture depths and puncture speeds are analyzed. The 3D puncture model can provide more accurate model support for virtual surgery and help improve the success rate of puncture surgery.
Snapback-Free Reverse-Conducting SOI LIGBT with an Integrated Self-Biased MOSFET
Authors: Yang Kemeng , Wei Jie , Dai Kaiwei , Ma Zhen , Li Congcong , Luo Xiaorong
Published: April 2022

A novel snapback-free RC-LIGBT with integrated self-biased N-MOSFET is proposed and investigated by simulation. The device features an integrated self-biased N-MOSFET(ISM) on the anode active region. One side of the ISM is shorted to the P + anode electrode of RC-LIGBT and the other side is connected to the N + anode via a floating ohmic contact. The adaptively turn-on/off of the ISM contributes to improve the static and dynamic performance of the ISM RC-LIGBT. In the forward-state, due to the off-state of the ISM, the snapback could be effectively suppressed without requiring extra device area compared to the SSA (separated shorted anode) and STA (segmented trenches in the anode) LIGBTs. In the reverse conduction, the ISM is turned on and the parasitic NPN in the ISM is punched through, which provides a current path for the reverse current. Meanwhile, during the turn-off and reverse recovery states, the ISM turns on, providing a rapid electron extraction path. Thus, a superior tradeoff between the on-state voltage drop (Von) and turnoff loss (Eoff) as well as an improved reverse recovery characteristic can be obtained. Compared to the STA device, the proposed ISM RC-LIGBT reduces Eoff by 21.5% without snapback. Its reverse recovery charge is reduced by 53.7%/58.6% compared to that of the SSA LIGBT with Lb = 40/60 μm at the same Von. Due to the prominent static and dynamic characteristic, the power loss of ISM RC-LIGBT in a completed switching cycle is reduced.
The preference of onboard activities in a new age of automated driving
Authors: Hamadneh Jamil , Esztergár-Kiss Domokos
Published: April 2022

According to the economic theory assumption, travelers tend to monetize travel time based on factors related to their individual and trip characteristics. In the literature, a limited number of studies evaluating onboard activities on traveler’s utility in the presence of the autonomous vehicle (AV) are found. In the current research, traveler preferences on board of three transport modes: individual-ride autonomous vehicle (IR-AV), shared-ride autonomous vehicle (SAV), and public transport (PT) are studied. The focus of this paper is the examination of travelers in urban areas, where traveling is relatively short, and the study of the travelers’ main trip purposes. The impact of travel time, travel cost, and main onboard activity is estimated based on a discrete choice experiment (DCE). The in-vehicle onboard activities are divided into six onboard activities, where active and passive activities are considered. An experimental design and a stated preference (SP) survey are carried out. The result of the SP survey is analyzed, where a Mixed Logit (ML) model, which includes various explanatory variables, is applied. The developed model contains such variables as trip time, trip cost, main onboard activity, frequent transport mode, job, age, and car ownership. These variables show various effects on the probability of choosing a transport mode. The impact of change in travel time, travel cost, and each of the six onboard activities on traveler preferences is highlighted. As a result, variations on the impact of time, cost, and onboard activities are demonstrated. Furthermore, it is presented that people prefer using IR-AV over SAV and PT, while the probability of choosing SAV is the lowest. Besides, reading and using social media affect the utility of travelers positively (i.e., higher probability) to a greater extent than other activities, while writing alone demonstrates negative utility.
Development and application of specific FISH probes for karyotyping Psathyrostachys huashanica chromosomes
Authors: Zhang Hao , Wang Fei , Zeng Chunyan , Zhu Wei , Xu Lili , Wang Yi , Zeng Jian , Fan Xing , Sha Lina , Wu Dandan , Cheng Yiran , Zhang Haiqin , Chen Guoyue , Zhou Yonghong , Kang Houyang
Published: April 2022

Background

Psathyrostachys huashanicaKeng has long been used as a genetic resource for improving wheat cultivar because of its genes mediating the resistance to various diseases (stripe rust, leaf rust, take-all, and powdery mildew) as well as its desirable agronomic traits. However, a high-resolution fluorescencein situhybridization (FISH) karyotype ofP. huashanicaremains unavailable.

Results

To develop chromosome-specific FISH markers forP. huashanica, repetitive sequences, including pSc119.2, pTa535, pTa713, pAs1, (AAC)5, (CTT)12, pSc200, pTa71A-2, and Oligo-44 were used for a FISH analysis. The results indicated that the combination of pSc200, pTa71A-2 and Oligo-44 probes can clearly identify all Ns genomic chromosomes in the twoP. huashanicagermplasms. The homoeologous relationships between individualP. huashanicachromosomes and common wheat chromosomes were clarified by FISH painting. Marker validation analyses revealed that the combination of pSc200, pTa71A-2, and Oligo-44 for a FISH analysis can distinguish theP. huashanicaNs-genome chromosomes from wheat chromosomes, as well as all chromosomes (except 4Ns) from the chromosomes of diploid wheat relatives carrying St, E, V, I, P and R genomes. Additionally, the probes were applicable for discriminating between theP. huashanicaNs-genome chromosomes in all homologous groups and the corresponding chromosomes inPsathyrostachys junceaand mostLeymusspecies containing the Ns genome. Furthermore, six wheat–P. huashanicachromosome addition lines (i.e., 2Ns, 3Ns, 4Ns, 7Ns chromosomes and chromosomal segments) were characterized using the newly developed FISH markers. Thus, these probes can rapidly and precisely detectP. huashanicaalien chromosomes in the wheat background.

Conclusions

The FISH karyotype established in this study lays a solid foundation for the efficient identification ofP. huashanicachromosomes in wheat genetic improvement programs.
How do nurses support chronically ill clients’ participation and self-management in primary care? A cross-country qualitative study
Authors: Hämel Kerstin , Röhnsch Gundula , Heumann Marcus , Backes Dirce Stein , Toso Beatriz Rosana Gonçalves de Oliveir , Giovanella Ligia
Published: April 2022

Background

In the context of the advancement of person-centered care models, the promotion of the participation of patients with chronic illness and complex care needs in the management of their care (self-management) is increasingly seen as a responsibility of primary care nurses. It is emphasized that nurses should consider the psychosocial dimensions of chronic illness and the client’s lifeworld. Little is known about how nurses shape this task in practice.

Methods

The aim of this analysis is to examine how primary care nurses understand and shape the participation of patients with chronic illness and complex care needs regarding the promotion of self-management. Guided interviews were conducted with nurses practicing in primary care and key informants in Germany, Spain, and Brazil with a subsequent cross-case evaluation. Interpretive and practice patterns were identified based on Grounded Theory.

Results

Two interpretive and practice patterns were identified: (1) Giving clients orientation in dealing with chronic diseases and (2) supporting the integration of illness in clients’ everyday lives. Nurses in the first pattern consider it their most important task to provide guidance toward health-promoting behavior and disease-related decision-making by giving patients comprehensive information. Interview partners emphasize client autonomy, but rarely consider the limitations chronic disease imposes on patients’ everyday lives. Alternatively, nurses in the second pattern regard clients as cooperation partners. They seek to familiarize themselves with their clients’ social environments and habits to give recommendations for dealing with the disease that are as close to the client’s lifeworld as possible. Nurses’ recommendations seek to enable patients and their families to lead a largely ‘normal life’ despite chronic illness. While interview partners in Brazil or Spain point predominantly to clients’ socio-economic disadvantages as a challenge to promoting client participation in primary health care, interview partners in Germany maintain that clients’ high disease burden represents the chief barrier to self-management.

Conclusions

Nurses in practice should be sensitive to client’s lifeworlds, as well as to challenges that arise as they attempt to strengthen clients’ participation in care and self-management. Regular communication between clients, nurses, and further professionals should constitute a fundamental feature of person-centered primary care models.
Effects of food neophobia and oral health on the nutritional status of community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Yodogawa Takako , Nerome Yasuhito , Tokunaga Junya , Hatano Hiromichi , Marutani Miki
Published: April 2022

Background

Food preferences and oral health of older adults greatly affect their nutritional intake, and old-age–related increase in food neophobia may consequently reduce food intake in older adults. This study aimed to determine the impact of food neophobia and oral health on nutritional risk in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 238 independent adults aged ≥ 65 years (mean, 76.3 ± 7.3 years). The survey items included a Food Neophobia Scale, frequency of protein intake, oral-health–related quality of life (QOL) assessment, and oral diadochokinesis (ODK; /pa/, /ta/, /ka/) as an index of oral function. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment®, and based on a cutoff value of 24 points, respondents were categorized as well-nourished (≥ 24 points, Group 1) or at risk of malnutrition (< 24 points, Group 2). A logistic regression model was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (adj-OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) to identify risks factors for malnutrition associated with food neophobia and oral health.

Results

Factors associated with the risk of malnutrition in the older population were higher food neophobia (adj-OR = 1.036, 95% CI: 1.007–1.067) and lower oral function (OR = 0.992, 95% CI: 0.985–0.999) and lower oral-health–related QOL (adj-OR = 0.963, 95% CI: 0.929–0.999).

Conclusions

Older adults at risk of developing malnutrition may have higher food neophobia and lower oral function and oral-health–related QOL. Factors contributing to preventing malnutrition include predicting the risk of malnutrition based on the oral health indicators that older people are aware of, signs appearing in the oral cavity, minor deterioration, and providing dietary guidance about food neophobia. Notably, these approaches represent novel strategies for nutrition support that can be implemented based on a multifaceted understanding of the eating habits of older adults.