bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chronic Mild Stress Causes Bone Loss via an Osteoblast-Specific Glucocorticoid-Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Henneicke Holger , Li Jingbao , Kim Sarah , Gasparini Sylvia J. , Seibel Markus J. , Zhou Hong
Published: June 2017

Chronic stress and depression are associated with alterations in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal signaling cascade and considered a risk factor for bone loss and fractures. However, the mechanisms underlying the association between stress and poor bone health are unclear. Using a transgenic (tg) mouse model in which glucocorticoid signaling is selectively disrupted in mature osteoblasts and osteocytes [11β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD2)OB-tg mice], the present study examines the impact of chronic stress on skeletal metabolism and structure. Eight-week-old male and female HSD2OB-tg mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates were exposed to chronic mild stress (CMS) for the duration of 4 weeks. At the endpoint, L3 vertebrae and tibiae were analyzed by micro–computed tomography and histomorphometry, and bone turnover was measured biochemically. Compared with nonstressed controls, exposure to CMS caused an approximately threefold increase in serum corticosterone concentrations in WT and HSD2OB-tg mice of both genders. Compared with controls, CMS resulted in loss of vertebral trabecular bone mass in male WT mice but not in male HSD2OB-tg littermates. Furthermore, both tibial cortical area and area fraction were reduced in stressed WT but not in stressed HSD2OB-tg male mice. Osteoclast activity and bone resorption marker were increased in WT males following CMS, features absent in HSD2OB-tg males. Interestingly, CMS had little effect on vertebral and long-bone structural parameters in female mice. We conclude that in male mice, bone loss during CMS is mediated via enhanced glucocorticoid signaling in osteoblasts (and osteocytes) and subsequent activation of osteoclasts. Female mice appear resistant to the skeletal effects of CMS.
A nova estratégia nacional de desenvolvimento
Authors: Unger Roberto Mangabeira
Published: June 2017

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Using gruntonapolnyaemyh and soil reinforced shells to enhance soil masses
Authors: Кашарина Татьяна , Kasharina Tatyana
Published: June 2017

This article examines the issues of theoretical, experimental and field studies gruntoarmirovannye and gruntonapolnenie structures using composite (plastic) nano-materials
no
Authors: Ляшенко Павел , Lyashenko Pavel , Денисенко Виктор , Denisenko Viktor
Published: June 2017

no
IMPORT SUBSTITUTION AS A CONDITION FOR FOOD SECURITY
Authors: Барсегян  , Barsegyan Naira , Шинкевич  , Shinkevich Aleksey
Published: June 2017

The strategy of import substitution is aimed at increasing the competitiveness of enterprises by replacing imported goods with domestically produced goods. In modern conditions import substitution policies must be implemented at both the national and regional levels. Tatarstan produces 4.7% of the agricultural products and holds leading positions in the country for the production of the main types of crop and livestock production. 47.9% of the production industry products is provided by agricultural organizations, 46.5% - by private households, and the rest 5.6% - by peasant (farmer’s) economy. Agriculture of the Republic of Tatarstan has an export potential. During 2012-2014 the export of foodstuffs and agricultural raw materials increased by 11%, while imports during the same period decreased by 34.4%. The trade balance has decreased to 3.6% for 2010-2014, but mostly remains positive. The program “Development of agriculture and regulation of markets of agricultural products, raw materials and food in the Republic of Tatarstan for 2013-2020 at the regional level in the field of import substitution. The program will help to increase agricultural production and will provide food for the population of rational standards, defined by Doctrine of food security of the Russian Federation.
System analysis in management
Authors: Булыгина  , Bulygina Ol'ga , Емельянов  , Emel'yanov Aleksandr , Емельянова  , Emel'yanova Nataliya , Кукушкин  , Kukushkin Aleksandr
Published: June 2017

The book gives current scientific positions of the system analysis methodology on the basis of various models and scales, both in deterministic conditions and under conditions of uncertainty and risks. Models of complex systems are considered. Classification of types of systems modeling is presented. The principles of constructing scales are considered: nominal type, order, intervals models of complex systems are formulated. Stages of construction of mathematical model of system are made. The main types of measurement, ratios, differences and absolute scale. Methods for processing characteristics measured in different scales. Life cycles and empirical laws of evolution, engineering and reengineering of developing management information systems, patterns of evolution of such systems, bifurcation phenomena and the importance of attractor development constraints are analyzed. The problems of management of innovative projects using fuzzy logic methods, fuzzy algorithms (Mamdani, Larsen, Sugeno and Tsukamoto), fuzzy growing pyramidal networks and elements of artificial intelligence are considered. Some methods for analyzing and assessing the sustainability of managing risky investment projects on the basis of the theory of the function of a complex variable, operational calculus, actor-network theory, imitation modeling, and the construction of a stability curve are presented. Empirical laws of evolutionary dynamics of information-control systems are considered. Some methods for modeling defect management processes in a developing information management system are presented, including mathematical modeling using the Kendall method. The stochastic network model of the evolution of the information-control system is analyzed. Interpretation and evaluation of the penetration of defects into the system is given. Management decisions and budgeting of the information management system are analyzed.
Partograph initiation and completion: a criteria-based audit study in Uganda
Authors: Namwaya Ziidah , Birungi Susan , Namutebi Elizabeth , Ayebare Elizabeth , Namutebi Mariam , Muwanguzi Sarah , Mwebaza Enid , Smyth Rebecca
Published: June 2017

Background:

Although it is a cost effective tool in labour management, the partograph is not always used appropriately. The aim of this audit was to assess the initiation and completion of the partograph for women in labour at Mulago Hospital.

Methods:

A criteria-based audit was conducted, using patients’ files and delivery records from February to May 2016. A checklist was used to gather data and descriptive statistics computed.

Findings:

Of 7170 files, 256 (3.57%) had the partograph initiated. The recording of maternal wellbeing was low. For example, pulse was recorded in 20% of cases and blood pressure in 35%. Recording of vaginal examination results was 90% on admission but reduced to 57% in the first stage of labour. Similarly, recording of fetal heart rate in the first stage of labour was 62%.

Conclusions:

Partograph initiation was unacceptably low. Maternal well-being documentation was generally low compared to the set standard. There is need to strengthen the use of a partograph to improve care during labour
Introducing community integrated nursing teams: How one Clinical Commissioning Group applied an evidence-based approach
Authors: Lees Carolyn , Hutchison Trudy , O'Brien Sarah
Published: June 2017

The present day collection of financial and demographic challenges confronted by health and social care mean that integrated services are undoubtedly essential to sustain adequate care. However, the impact of integrated care upon healthcare staff and patients as well as new ways of working will need to be demonstrated, with collaboration and engagement throughout any transition. This paper provides an overview of the evidence relating to the delivery of effective, integrated out-of-hospital care, with a discussion of the literature. It also considers how one Clinical Commissioning Group has begun the process of integration with the focus on community nursing services for the provision of better care for patients with an evidence-based approach.
Exploring community midwives' perceptions of their work experience after deployment in the rural areas of Chitral, Pakistan
Authors: Jaffer Mehtab Qutbuddin , Jan Rafat , Kaufman Karyn , Lakhani Arusa , Shahid Shahnaz
Published: June 2017

Aims:

To explore the perceptions of community midwives about their work experiences after deployment in the rural settings of Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Methods:

A qualitative descriptive approach was used, conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews with 13 community midwives.

Findings:

The three major themes that emerged from the analysis of the data were: (1) rural community midwives' perceptions of their role and competencies, (2) factors facilitating and hindering the rural community midwives' ability to function, and (3) continuation of community midwives' services in the future.

Conclusions:

The study findings highlighted the factors that empower and obstruct community midwives in providing services in rural areas. The majority of the community midwives felt empowered because of their increased earning capacity and enhanced competencies in performing their roles. However, some of them shared challenges in terms of socio-cultural and financial constraints. These findings have important implications for midwives working in rural areas.
Sraffa's Reproduction Prices versus Prices of Production: Probability and Convergence
Authors: W. Paul Cockshott
Published: June 2017

The article argues that the reproduction prices introduced in the first chapter of Sraffa's book are not necessarily compatible with the profit equalising prices that form the substance of the book. It uses probabilistic arguments about how probable it is that reproduction prices will approximate to profit equalising prices. By use of random matrix techniques, it shows that the solutions space associated with prices of production is similar to that associated with classical labour values. In the latter part of the article, a random sample of reproduction schemes is simulated over time, under assumptions of capital movement, to see whether such systems dynamically converge on profit equalising prices. It is found that some converge and some fail to converge.
Gods outside the Market: Central Banks, China and the Emergence of Neoliberal State Capitalism
Authors: Paul Kellogg
Published: June 2017

Capitalism has always had to make use of contrivances from outside the realm of the market to compensate for structural problems of valorization. These “gods outside the market” have included the forced labour and slavery characteristic of the mercantilist era, as well as the scramble for colonies in the period leading up to World War I. With the anti-colonial movement and the closing off of external avenues to assist valorization, there have been moves to discover new “gods outside the market,” but internal rather than external to national states. The nationalizations of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are relatively “familiar” forms of such state intervention. Less familiar, but more important, has been the newly important role of central banks, using the expansion of their asset base (most familiarly but not exclusively through Quantitative Easing) to supply the liquidity which the market cannot. Together, these developments suggest two things: first, that neoliberalism in saving itself from the effects of the Great Recession has simultaneously transformed itself. I am suggesting the term “neoliberal state capitalism,” and second, that central to this process have been actions centred in China, actions too often seen as derivative and not constitutive of developments in the world economy.
The US Dollar as the Global Reserve Currency: Implications for US Hegemony
Authors: Thomas Costigan  , Drew Cottle  , Angela Keys
Published: June 2017

This article analyses the implications of the establishment of the US dollar as the global reserve currency. The political and economic context of the founding of the dollar as the reserve currency is examined, and key changes that have occurred since the dollar was installed as the global reserve currency are explored. Challenges to the future of the dollar as the global reserve are analysed. The article argues that the dollar as the global reserve currency is an instrument of US hegemonic power, but it is one that has been largely overlooked in the existing literature on US hegemony.
Enfoques dialógicos para o ensino e a formação do professor de língua portuguesa
Authors: Souza Ester Maria Figueiredo
Published: June 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar referenciais conceituais para a criação de metodologias de ensino de Língua Portuguesa e suas interfaces com a teoria dos gêneros do discurso e a pedagogia de multiletramentos. Nesse sentido, priorizaremos a apresentação de resultados dos trabalhos de conclusão de curso, no gênero acadêmico dissertação, de professoras da educação básica em formação contínua, como alunas egressas do mestrado profissional em Letras (PROFLETRAS) da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB). Apresentam-se o uso do protótipo didático como ferramenta de ensino e a aplicação dele para geração e análise de dados nas aulas de Língua Portuguesa. As pesquisas selecionadas privilegiaram a abordagem etnográfica em situações de interação didática na aula. Como resultados, indicamos que o ensino de Língua Portuguesa subsidiado nos enfoques conceituais indicados tende a auxiliar o docente a perspectivar projetos autorais de ensino, ao reconhecer as limitações dos objetos de aprendizagem, e a recontextualizar saberes sobre a docência para transpor conteúdos de ensino de Português e perspectivar reconfigurações para a identidade da disciplina Língua Portuguesa.
Três micro monólogos de Sebástián Huber
Authors: Scardino Rafaela
Published: June 2017

Tradução de três micro monólogos do dramaturgo argentino Sebastián Huber, intitulados “Confissão”, “Pantomimos de cachorro subterrâneo” e “Monólogo obrigado”. Nestes textos, autor dá a ver o cinismo corrosivo que permeia relações sociais através de agudo humor negro. Um homem que se vinga, um mímico tagarela e uma mulher que visita um amante do passado nos mostram, mordazes, os (des)limites do cuidado com o outro em nossos tempos.
Quando a escultura transborda – entrevista com Carlos Valverde
Authors: Bonfim Carolina Felice
Published: June 2017

Tempo, metodologia, técnica, referentes, pesquisa, reflexão, diário de bordo, tentativas, anotações, making of, entre outros, são elementos próprios da prática artística que, na maioria das vezes, não estão explicitados ao público. O que há por trás de uma obra de arte? Interessada pelos processos artísticos e no relato em primeira pessoa, convido o artista espanhol Carlos Valverde para compartilhar os procedimentos utilizados no seu trabalho, bem como as motivações/inquietações de uma obra que gira em torno de uma reflexão sobre corpo, objeto e espaço.

ABSTRACT

Time, methodology, skill, models, research, reflection, logbook, attempts, notes, making of, and so forth, are elements related to the art practice that are mostly unknown to the public. What is behind an artwork? Interested on artistic processes and first-person accounts, I am inviting the Spanish artist Carlos Valverde to share the procedures used in his work as well as the motivations/concerns of a work that moves around a reflection on body, object and space.

KEYWORDS

Contemporary art, Sculpture, empowerment of the spectator, artistic practice.
Ökonomik als Möglichkeitswissenschaft
Authors: Pfriem Reinhard
Published: June 2017

Der folgende Beitrag erläutert den vor einigen Jahren von mir in die Welt gesetzten Begriff von Ökonomik als Möglichkeitswissenschaft. Diese Erläuterung präzisiert die Kritik am Mainstream der seit zwei Jahrhunderten modernen und bisher nur modifizierten Ökonomik wie auch stellt sie den Versuch dar, die Möglichkeiten einer transformativen Wirtschaftswissenschaft zu konkretisieren.
The prediction level of high school students’ learning styles on critical thinking dispositions
Authors: Yücel Cemil , Uluçınar Ufuk
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there is a predictive effect of learning styles on critical thinking dispositions of high school students. Thus, it aims to determine how much of learning styles used by high school students depending on the nature of learning settings explain the variance in critical thinking dispositions. The sample of the study is composed of 271 high school students chosen randomly from three high schools. The data was collected using Critical Thinking Dispositions Scale developed by reseachers and Learning Styles Scale developed by Reichmann-Grasha and adapted into Turkish language by Koçak (2007). The findings indicated that while high school students learning styles (systematically study, dependence on teachers and cooperation in classroom) predict significantly causal thinking, courisity and openmindedness dispositions, competitive learning style does not predict significantly the critical thinking dispositions.
The relationship between motivations and attitudes of the 3rd, 4th and 5th class primary students for Turkish lesson
Authors: Erdem Ali Riza , Gözüküçük Meral
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this research is creating the relationship between the motivation to Turkish lesson of the students attending 3rd, 4th and 5th class in primary schools and their behaviors. Field of study is constituted by the students attending 3rd, 4th and 5th class in government primary schools in Lice/Diyarbakır (N=845). Choosing sample in the field of study is created by proportional cluster sampling. 540 students attending 3rd, 4th and 5th class in primary schools are chosen to sampling. The data related to research are collected by using 'Turkish Lesson Motivation Scale' and 'Turkish Approach Scale' which developed by researchers. Cronbach Alpha Figure of the 'Turkish Lesson Motivation Scale' developed by the researchers is 0.75 and Cronbach Alpha Figure of the 'Turkish Approach Scale' is 0.76. The motivation level related to Turkish lesson of the students attending 3rd, 4th and 5th class is % 59,8 and 'accept' with X = 2.61. The Approach level related to Turkish lesson of the students attending 3rd, 4th and 5th class is % 69.5 and 'accept' with X = 2.68. There is a positive and semantic relationship between the motivation and approach of the students attending 3rd, 4th and 5th class (r=0.555).
Factors affecting educational motivation in university: A study of tourism education in Antalya
Authors: Akıncı Zeki , Yurcu Gülseren , Kasalak Murad Alpaslan
Published: June 2017

This study aimed to reveal the relationship between these variables (expectation, perception, satisfaction) that have an influence on the motivation of tourism education at undergraduate and associate degree. The research population consisted of 2827 students registered at the Faculty of Tourism and at the Vocational Schools in the University of Akdeniz. The sample of the study comprised 1098 students.As a result of the study, a significant and positive relationship was detected between expectation, perception, satisfaction, and motivation levels of the students receiving associate and undergraduate degree tourism education. However, it was found that educational expectation had more influence on educational motivation than perception and prediction. In addition, it was detected that associate degree tourism students’ mean values for the variables of expectation, perception, satisfaction and motivation were higher than the students receiving undergraduate level education.
Consumer involvement in oral nutritional supplements purchasing behavior
Authors: Fitriyani Dwi Meilia , Yuliati Lilik Noor , Simanjuntak Megawati
Published: June 2017

The paper aimed to get insight of consumer involvement in purchasing behavior towards ONS (Oral Nutritional Supplements) for children. By implementing an online survey with sample size of 100, the research investigated the factors (motivation and stimulus factor) influencing consumer involvement and the causality between consumer involvement with the product knowledge as well as purchasing behavior. The research tool used was a 5-points Likert questionnaire in which respondents were asked to show their agreements about 40 items of 5 constructs. A partial least square - structural equation modeling by Smart-PLS software used to test the model. The results of this research also comes to conclusion that motivation and stimulus factor had significant affects on consumer involvement, consumer involvement had significant influence to product knowledge as well as ONS purchasing behavior, however product knowledge did not have significant affects on purchasing behavior. The results also showed that the product involvement has an important influence on consumers behavior.
5-ALA ameliorates hepatic steatosis through AMPK signaling pathway
Authors: Yu Haoyong , Zhang Mingliang , Ma Yunqin , Lu Junxi , Pan Jiemin , Pan Pan , Chen Haibing , Jia Weiping
Published: June 2017

5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), the first compound in the porphyrin synthesis pathway, has been reported to ameliorate the diabetic state in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats by reducing fat pad weight in the retroperitoneal region. Dietary supplementation with 5-ALA has additionally demonstrated the capacity to lower blood glucose and HbA1c levels among subjects with diabetes. The etiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is complex and its typical characteristics include obesity and insulin resistance. As 5-ALA supplementation has previously normalized glucose and insulin resistance, we sought to investigate whether 5-ALA had potential therapeutic effects on NAFLD and elucidate the signal pathway mediating these effects. To explore these questions, we fed C57BL/6J mice a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce a fatty liver disease and supplemented the diet-induced obese (DIO) mice with 5-ALA. The mice in the presence of 5-ALA demonstrated a decrease in body weight and hepatic lipid content and moderate improvement in glucose homeostasis compared to untreated controls. Further, we found that 5-ALA activated AMPK signaling pathway, which was correlated with enhanced lipolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation. Human hepatocarcinoma cells (HepG2 cells) treated with 5-ALA were additionally used to investigate the mechanics of 5-ALA. Treated cells had a higher expression of lipolysis-related genes, including PGC-1α. Our data indicated that 5-ALA might represent a novel compound that could be useful for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), likely through the restoration of phosphorylation levels of AMPK (Thr172) and acetyl-CoA (ACC) (Ser79), further enhanced PGC1α and CPT1α expression.
Determination of Activity Concentrations of the Naturally Occurring Radionuclides and the dose Rates from the Samples Collected from the Chittagong Urea Fertilizer Limited (CUFL), Bangladesh
Authors: M.M. Haque  , M.M.H. Miah  , Masud Kamal  , A.K.M. Saiful Islam
Published: June 2017

Abstract: The activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K have been determined for solid, liquid and product (urea) samples collected from the Chittagong Urea Fertilizer Limited (CUFL), Chittagong, Bangladesh. A total of 15 samples of different kinds were analyzed by using a calibrated high purity germanium (HpGe) detector of relative efficiency of 38%. For solid samples, the mean activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K have been found 78.67±2.87, 59.74±2.27 and 463.71±9.16 Bq/Kg, respectively. The mean activity concentrations of product samples for the corresponding radionuclide were 73.12±2.83, 74.59±2.32 and 391.58±9.38 Bq/Kg, respectively. For the case of liquid samples, the mean activity concentrations for the same nuclides were 25.09±1.71, 11.34±1.55 and 39.59±1.49 Bq/Kg, respectively. The artificial radionuclide 137Cs was not detected in any of the samples. The mean radiological hazard parameter values of outdoor absorbed dose rate, indoor absorbed dose rate, external radiation hazard, internal radiation hazard, annual effective dose equivalent, radium equivalent activity and representative level index were 95.72±9.04, 114.32±9.11 nGyh-1, 0.530±.05, 0.7±50.05, 113.59±11.41μSvy-1, 199.80±17.41 and 1.390±.14 Bq/Kg respectively, in solid samples. For the product samples, the mean values of the corresponding radiological indices were 97.10+9.71, 117.56+10.32 nGyh-1, 0.57±0.05 , 0.76±0.06, 119.50 ±11.72μSvy-1 , 209.50±17.72 and 1.50±0.14 Bq/Kg, respectively. Also in the liquid samples, the mean values for the corresponding radiological parameters were 18.43±2.69, 22.13±2.77 nGy.h−1, 0.12±0.03 , 0.19±0.05, 23.59± 2.36 μSvy1, 43.65±3.54 and 0.32±0.03 Bq/Kg, respectively. The obtained results of this study show that for some samples the values are lower and for the remaining are higher than the World average values. The mean representative index value is less than unity which confirms that the area is safe for the factory workers and the public nearby. The results can be used as a baseline data for further researchers.
Unpasteurized Shared Human Milk Use in Pediatric Inpatients: Health and Ethical Implications
Authors: Barbas Kimberly H. , Sussman-Karten Karen , Kamin Daniel , Huh Susanna Y.
Published: June 2017

Growing evidence supporting the health benefits of human milk, particularly in the preterm population, has led to rising demand for donor human milk in NICUs and pediatric hospitals. There are no previous reports describing the use of unpasteurized shared human milk (USHM) in the hospital setting, but the use of USHM solicited from community donors through social networks appears to be common. Many pediatric hospitals permit inpatients to receive breast milk that has been screened and pasteurized by a human milk banking organization and will provide pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM) only to infants who are preterm or have specific medical conditions. These policies are designed to minimize potential adverse effects from improperly handled or screened donor milk and to target patients who would experience the greatest benefit in health outcomes with donor milk use. We explore the ethical and health implications of 2 cases of medically complex infants who did not meet criteria in our tertiary care hospital for the use of PDHM from a regulated human milk bank and were incidentally found to be using USHM. These cases raise questions about how best to balance the ethical principles of beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, and patient autonomy in the provision of PDHM, a limited resource. Health care staff should ask about USHM use to provide adequate counseling about the risks and benefits of various feeding options in the context of an infant’s medical condition.
Neonatal Urogenital Issues: Evaluation and Management
Authors: Vricella Gino J. , Coplen Douglas E.
Published: June 2017

The urinary and genital tracts are affected by more anomalies than any other organ systems. Very few of these abnormalities require urgent neonatal intervention, but recognition of clinical findings is important for directing appropriate evaluation and management. This article addresses renal, bladder, and genital abnormalities noted in newborns. Neonatal management of exstrophy/epispadias complex, prune belly syndrome, and myelomeningocele is discussed. The differential diagnoses of abdominal masses and introital masses are presented.
El placer en el libro X de la Ética Nicomáquea. I parte
Authors: Solano-Fallas Andrés
Published: June 2017

El artículo tiene por intención dilucidar la postura de Aristóteles en torno al tópico de qué es el placer, según el Libro X de la Ética Nicomáquea (EN). Esto se hará mediante la exposición de sus características. Cabe señalar que la intención del artículo constituye un posicionamiento en contra de una tradición filosófica que estudia este libro junto con el Libro VI de la Ética Eudemia (EE), porque considera este último como parte de EN.
Colonization with multidrug-resistant bacteria — on the efficiency of local decolonization procedures
Authors: Münch Julia , Hagen Ralf Matthias , Müller Martin , Kellert Viktor , Wiemer Dorothea Franziska , Hinz Rebecca , Schwarz Norbert Georg , Frickmann Hagen
Published: June 2017

The effectiveness of a disinfectant-based decolonization strategy for multidrug-resistant bacteria like extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-positive Gram-negative bacteria with or without additional fluoroquinolon and carbapenem resistance as well as vancomycin-resistant enterococci and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was assessed.

Between 2011 and 2015, 25 patients from Libya, Syria, and the Ukraine with war traumata were treated at the Bundeswehr hospital Hamburg. The patients were heavily colonized and infected with multidrug-resistant bacteria, altogether comprising 371 distinct combinations of pathogens and isolation sites. Local disinfection was assessed for effectiveness regarding successful decolonization of multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Altogether, 170 cases of successful decolonization were observed, comprising 95 (55.8%) such events at sampling sites that were accessible to disinfecting procedures. The remaining 75 (44.2%) decolonization events had to be considered as spontaneous. In contrast, 95 out of 172 (55.2%) colonized isolation sites that were accessible to disinfection procedures were successfully decolonized. Patient compliance with the enforced hygiene procedures was associated with decolonization success. Systemic antibiotic therapy did not relevantly affect isolation time.

Disinfecting washing moderately supports local decolonization of multidrug-resistant pathogens in comparison with spontaneous decolonization rates if the patients’ compliance with the applied hygiene procedures is ensured.
New records and update on the geographic distribution of Lontra longicaudis (Olfers, 1818) (Carnivora: Mustelidae) in Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests of northeastern Brazil
Authors: Rosas-Ribeiro Patrícia F. , Ranulpho Rodrigo , Venticinque Eduardo
Published: June 2017

We confirmed occurrences of Lontra longicaudis (Olfers, 1818) in Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests (Caatinga) of 10 river basins in northeastern Brazil, reporting the first records of the species in five of them. The species was not found in river basins totally inserted in Caatinga, nor where Caatinga borders Cerrado (Piauí state), indicating a gap in the species distribution. We report the first otter occurrence in Piauí, in the Cerrado biome of the southern part of the state. The relevance of these results for Neotropical Otter conservation is discussed, and an update of the species distribution map is proposed.
Western Denial and Russian Control How Russia’s National Security Strategy Threatens a Western-Based Approach to Global Security, the Rule of Law and Globalization
Authors:   Bournemouth University (United Kingdom), Swedish Defence University (Sweden), Dov Bachmann Sascha , Gunneriusson Håkan ,   Swedish Defence University (Sweden)
Published: June 2017

The Russian National Security Strategy of 2015 aims at achieving autarky from Western influences on global security, the rule of law and global trade. Russia aims at attaining this by applying a holistic mix of military, political and economic means to weaken the West and to strengthen its own role as a global player. The Russian approach builds on a strategy of reflexive control which as such is an old method, but the outcome of the application of this approach results in hybrid warfare which as such is a new emerging concept of warfighting. This short article looks at one particular aspect of this Russian strategy, namely using Hybrid, or non-linear, Warfare against its Western direct neighbours in particular and the West in general. We will discuss the underlying cultural logic in Russia’s actions and will reflect on the impact of Russia’s utilization of the existing cultural asymmetry as a form of warfare in regard to the West. The examples used in this text are taken from the context of the conflicts of Ukraine and Syria, but have to be seen as constituting a part of an on-going global conflict aimed at NATO and the EU. The text builds on years of research within the hybrid threat, warfare respectively, context by both authors.
Central and Eastern European Countries under Cyberthreats
Authors:   Pedagogical University of Kraków (Poland), Świątkowska Joanna
Published: June 2017

The paper aims to analyse how information warfare can be conducted in cyberspace and to look at this issue from the perspective of Central and Eastern European Countries. It argues that this form of hostile actions will be increasingly utilized in the region. The main assumption, following Alvin Toffler’s theory, is that “information” – as an increasingly important element of modern societies and as their strategic resource – also serves as a significant tool of modern conflicts. Since information is nowadays strongly related to new technologies, mainly the aspects connected to cybersecurity are analysed. The article looks closer at different aspects of cyberthreats and explains their possible consequences. It may serve as good material for further research and recommendations on countermeasures that may increase security in Europe.
The Head of State’s Constitutional Liability
Authors:   University of Rzeszów (Poland), Grabowska Sabina
Published: June 2017

The paper aims to introduce the concept of constitutional liability of the President, and the institutions of the President’s constitutional liability. The author presents the liability and its relations with other types of head of state’s liabilities. The presented analysis includes all European countries.
The Right to Peace in the Polish Legal System: Considerations de lege lata
Authors:   WSPiA University of Rzeszów (Poland), Babula Małgorzata
Published: June 2017

Nowadays peace became scarce. Expanding conflicts, terrorist attacks and the uncertainty so common to today's times put in question the value that was won after many years of war. The Constitution is free from regulations treating directly about peace. There are only few references to it. Perhaps, peace is a luxury for which we have to fight, and neither a right that must be protected nor freedom which we can/should use. Maybe it is not supposed to be talked about the right to peace, but about some kind of a privilege. Therefore, it would be necessary to admit, that there is a mistake done already in the subject of this paper. This area seems also to be interesting especially, when moving the optics and focusing on the actions and declarations of heads of states while implementing the common political objectives that are at odds with objectives of other/opposite countries. The word war is used like a substitute for terms ‘peace, freedom and prosperity’, or even worse, like a way to it.
From Geopolitical Chance to Security Threat: Polish Public Political Discourse on the One Belt One Road Initiative
Authors:   Jagiellonian University (Poland), Lubina Michał
Published: June 2017

This article deals with public, political discourse over One Belt One Road (OBOR) initiative in Poland. OBOR has recently become very popular in Poland as it encapsulates the noticeable fascination on China and on geopolitics among parts of Polish society. This article describes this phenomenon and delaminates the mainstream political discourse over OBOR into two main strands: great geopolitical and/or geoeconomic chance (pro-OBOR discourse) and security threat (anti-OBOR). The advocates of the former see the project as a great geopolitical and economic opportunity for Poland; the supporters of the latter find it a threat to Polish security and/or economic interests. This discourse echoes internal divisions within current Polish government on its China policy and can be observed against the background of China’s dynamic enter to Central and Eastern Europe, particularly to Czech Republic, Hungary and Serbia.
Corpus-Based Analysis as a Method to Identify Russian Trolling Activity
Authors:   University of Wrocław (Poland), Baraniuk Kamil
Published: June 2017

There has been an increased interest in the field of informational and psychological warfare conducted by the Russian Federation directed at Western countries and their allies following the intensification of the conflict in Ukraine. The most visible example of this are the activities in the field of propaganda, disinformation and psychological operations accompanied the annexation of the Crimea and manipulate the American public during the presidential election in 2016. Trolling as one of using tools of such activity is a highly visible manifestation in which users or automatic comment generation programs manipulate online discussions. This phenomenon is visible and widely discussed in the media discourse. Efforts are being made to develop academically rigorous systems of identification and description. This paper presents the results and main conclusions reached through the application of the author’s method of analysing key words supported by corpus-based analysis in exploring this phenomenon.
Metastatic mammary carcinoma in a cow
Authors: Piva Manoela Marchezan , Schwertz Claiton Ismael , Henker Luan Cleber , Millán Yolanda , Mulas Juana Martín de las , Stedille Fernanda Augustini , Christ Ricardo , Gabriel Mateus Eloir , Silva Teane Milagres Augusto da , Couto Caroline do , Casagrande Renata Assis , Medeiros Diovane dos Santos , Mendes Ricardo Evandro
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT: Mammary gland neoplasms in cattle are rarely observed in the field veterinary diagnostics routine. Therefore, the objective of this study is to report a metastatic mammary carcinoma in a fourteen-year-old Holstein cow in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The animal was diagnosed by the field veterinarian with clinical mastitis that was unresponsive to treatment, and was euthanized due to the poor prognosis. At the necropsy, multiple yellow, firm, and sometimes friable nodules, ranging from 0.1 to 20cm were observed in all mammary glands, lymph nodes, kidneys, spleen, liver, pancreas, mediastinal lymph nodes, heart, and lungs. The final diagnosis of mammary carcinoma was established through the association of clinical, necropsy, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings. Differential diagnoses included diseases such as bovine tuberculosis and chronic fungal or bacterial mastitis.
Metastatic adenocarcinoma involving the right ventricle and pulmonary artery leading to right heart failure: case report
Authors: Karabag Turgut , Arslan Caner , Yakisan Turab , Vatan Aziz , Sak Duygu
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT CONTEXT: Obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract due to metastatic disease is rare. Clinical recognition of cardiac metastatic tumors is rare and continues to present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a patient who had severe respiratory insufficiency and whose clinical examinations revealed a giant tumor mass extending from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery. We discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic options. CONCLUSION: In patients presenting with acute right heart failure, right ventricular masses should be kept in mind. Transthoracic echocardiography appears to be the most easily available, noninvasive, cost-effective and useful technique in making the differential diagnosis.
Meanings attributed to healthy eating by consumers of a street market
Authors: PASSOS Jasilaine Andrade , FREITAS Maria do Carmo Soares de , SANTOS Ligia Amparo da Silva , SOARES Micheli Dantas
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the meanings attributed to healthy eating by consumers of a street market in the region called Recôncavo da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil. Methods: Phenomenology-based ethnography to understand the meanings attributed by those consumers. Information was collected through participant observation documented in a field diary and in-depth interviews. Interviews were conducted with seven people who were visitors and/or worked at the street market. In the analytical process, the following significant concepts related to healthy eating were systematized: "fruits and vegetables represent healthy eating"; "safe food: it has to be clean", and "foods that do the body good". Results: The meanings attributed to healthy eating are revisited daily and are related to individuals' life experiences; new meanings derive from intersubjective constructions. Based on the interviews, it was observed that re-signification was a constant process, marked by events that influence the respondents to change their eating habits such as diseases, aging, information received by health care professionals, and media reports. Healthy eating was also represented by the hygienic-sanitary quality of foods and the lack of strict control over everyday food choices. Conclusion: We highlight the importance of this discussion in the scientific field and governmental bodies, as well as among health care professionals aiming at a better understanding of the different concepts of healthy eating.
SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF Theobroma subincanumMart. AND Theobromaspeciosum Willd. ex Spreng.IN THE PARQUE NACIONAL DO JURUENA, MATO GROSSO STATE, BRAZIL
Authors: Dardengo Juliana de Freitas Encinas , Rossi Ana Aparecida Bandini , Silva Carolina Joana da , Silveira Marcos
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT Analysis of the spatial distribution is a very useful tool to understand the ecological behavior of the species in that it provides information that underlies management strategies and influences the population structure. To study the horizontal structure of the species T. speciosum (Cacaui) and T. subincanum (Cupui) in the "Parque Nacional do Juruena", Mato Grosso state, a 200 x 160 m grid was implemented and divided into 40 adjacent 20 x 40 m subplots. All individuals of the species under study that had DBH > 1 cm were measured. The following parameters were analyzed: number of individuals, density, total height, basal area, diametric distribution, and spatial distribution. The research sampled 165 T. speciosum trees (51.56 ind.ha-1) and 34 T. subincanum (10.62 ind.ha-1), with an average diameter of 6.72 cm and 12.44 respectively, the T. speciosum individuals showed an aggregated distribution pattern, while the T. subincanum individuals presented a random pattern. The diametric distribution of T. speciosum followed an exponential distribution in a reverse-J shaped pattern, behavior expected for a forest environment with little anthropic pressure, while T. subincanum did not follow the same pattern, though the species demonstrated to be well established in the area, with significant number of individuals in all diameter classes, thus,the results indicate the importance of conservation areas established in order to safeguard the natural environment from the pressures of anthropic actions, and also the need for studies in the region of the Amazon biome.
Is severe early childhood caries predictive of caries and fluorosis in permanent teeth? Ten-year follow-up
Authors: NUNES-DOS-SANTOS Danila Lorena , ALMEIDA DE DEUS MOURA Lúcia de Fátima , DEUS MOURA LIMA Marina de , SOARES PEREIRA LOPES Teresinha , SILVA DE MOURA Marcoeli
Published: June 2017

Abstract Introduction Severe early childhood caries is defined as the presence of any sign of decay in children younger than three years. Objective This retrospective longitudinal observational study investigated caries and fluorosis in children with S-ECC from a city with fluoridated water. Material and method We included children under the age of three years who followed a maternal and child dental care program between the years of 1997 and 2003. The children were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (S-ECC) and group 2 (no caries). Guardians were contacted by telephone or mail. Caregivers completed questionnaire on socio-demographic and behavioral variables. The clinical dental examinations were performed in a dental clinic to assess caries experience and dental fluorosis. Multiple linear regression was used to determine factors associated with DMFT, and multivariate analysis by multiple logistic regression was used to determine the possible independent factors associated with the occurrence of fluorosis. Result The sample consisted of 126 patients aged 8-12 years, of whom 52.4% were male. The presence of S-ECC increased the DMFT by an average of 0.84 (p = 0.02). Both the frequency of tooth brushing and the use of standard toothpaste were protective factors from the development of caries in the permanent dentition (p <0.05). Parents who reported that their children refused to brush their teeth had 70% less chance of developing fluorosis (p = 0.02). Conclusion The presence of S-ECC was a risk factor for the development of caries in the permanent dentition, but not for the development of fluorosis.
AVALIAÇÃO DE RADARGRAMAS BATIMÉTRICOS PARA CÁLCULO DE VOLUME DE REPRESA EMPREGANDO O CLASSIFICADOR “FCLASS2”.
Authors: Faria Sandro Henrique de , Rodrigues Dalto Domingos , Medeiros Nilcilene das Graças , Aranha Paulo Roberto Antunes
Published: June 2017

Este trabalho tem como objetivos avaliar o desempenho do GPR (Ground Penetrating RADAR) para aplicações batimétricas e o desenvolvimento de um classificador para análises de radargramas. O estudo foi realizado em uma represa situada no campus da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), na qual foi, previamente, realizado levantamento batimétrico empregando o ecobatímetro monofeixe. Foram gerados Modelos Digitais de Elevação (MDE), empregando três interpoladores diferentes e observações do ecobatímetro e GPR. Estes MDEs foram comparados aos pares, para cada interpolador, aplicando o teste t pareado. Também foram realizadas comparações com base nos volumes gerados a partir destes MDEs. Os resultados do teste t para os três MDEs mostraram que não há diferenças estatísticas, a um nível de significância de 5%, entre os modelos gerados com dados do ecobatímetro e do GPR. A maior diferença volumétrica encontrada foi de 98m³ em 75.000m³, para a função Griddata com o interpolador v4. Considerando todos os MDEs gerados, a maior diferença entre os volumes foi de 2%, cerca de 1900m³. Verificou-se que o GPR, utilizando uma antena de 100MHz, pode ser empregado em levantamentos batimétricos de represas de até 4,5m e o classificador fclass2 propiciou uma boa separação entre as camadas de água e sedimentos
Same-Different visual discrimination task v1
Authors: Montefusco-Siegmund Rodrigo , María de la Luz Aylwin not provided
Published: June 2017

Two stimuli (S1 and S2) are presented consecutively and volunteers have to judge if they are same or different. A perceptual mask (M) consisting in the same type of stimuli as S1 and S2, is presented in between to avoid priming effects when S1 is equals to S2. S1, S2 and M, are flashed for 100 ms in the center of the screen, covering 1° in the visual field. S1, S2 and M are followed by a white noise image for 500, 5000 and 500 ms respectively. Finally, to avoid visual match, S2 was presented rotated 90° to the right in half of the trials or the left in the other half in a random manner.
Chu's-10 Media v1
Authors: Steven Wilhelm Dr.
Published: June 2017

Please contact Dr. Steven Wilhelm (wilhelm@utk.edu) for additional information regarding this protocol.
Chu's-10 Metal Solution v1
Authors: Steven Wilhelm Dr.
Published: June 2017

Please contact Dr. Steven Wilhelm (wilhelm@utk.edu) for additional information regarding this protocol.
BG-11 Media v1
Authors: Steven Wilhelm Dr.
Published: June 2017

Please contact Dr. Steven Wilhelm (wilhelm@utk.edu) for additional information regarding this protocol.
BG-11 Media v2
Authors: Steven Wilhelm Dr.
Published: June 2017

Please contact Dr. Steven Wilhelm (wilhelm@utk.edu) for additional information regarding this protocol. Adapted from the original publication Rippka, R., DeRulles, J., Waterbury, J. B., Herdman, M. & Stanier, R. Y. Generic assignments, strain histories and properties of pure cultures of cyanobacteria. Journal of General Microbiology 111, 1-61 (1979).