bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct and indirect value creation in offshored knowledge-intensive services
Authors: Brandl Kristin
Published: April 2017

Purpose

Despite increasing interest in offshoring of knowledge-intensive services, it is still undetermined as to whether the sourcing of services truly creates the anticipated value for clients. Moreover, even less is known about whether value is created for service providers in the process beyond the general service trade. This lack of knowledge is due to the challenges of capturing value creation, the unique production process of the services, and the impact of offshoring on both value creation and the production process. The purpose of this paper is to study offshored service production processes of knowledge-intensive services in order to identify direct and indirect value creation for clients as well as service providers in the process.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper applies a multiple case study method and studies one conglomerate with three offshored service production processes. The chosen method allows for the investigation of the service production process and indirect/direct value creation within the process.

Findings

The study finds that there is direct value creation for the client and the service provider towards the end of the production processes as expected. However, more importantly, it finds additional indirect value creation in various production stages. The indirect value is reflected in enhanced understanding of problems and own operations for the client and increased knowledge about clients and problem-solving approaches for the service provider.

Research limitations/implications

This study contributes to offshoring literature by providing a comprehensive understanding of value creation in service offshoring for clients as well as service providers. It also contributes to the service management literature as a study of direct and indirect value creation in services, particularly within the production process of the services.

Practical implications

The study allows practitioners to gain insights on the value creation logic of offshored services and the value created beyond that logic. More specifically, it allows client firms to gain details of various values and benefits of service offshoring and service provider firms to gain a focused perspective on value creation in their own service production that can lead to competitive advantages.

Originality/value

The paper is novel and original through its approach to study offshoring from a value creation logic perspective, including not only the client but also the service provider perspective. It also applies a service production process perspective that is novel in offshoring literature.
What’s trending in libraries from the internet cybersphere – artificial intelligence and other emerging technologies
Authors: Oyelude Adetoun A.
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The article is the first for this column for 2017. It is full of information mainly from blogs and wikis. The aim of the article is to highlight trends in technology in libraries as posted on the blogs and wikis.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology used is that of getting the most trending news from the wikis and blogs in the first quarter of the year and reporting on them.

Findings

The projections for the year are emphasized moving from artificial intelligence to information literacy.

Originality/value

These are the trends projected from the internet cybersphere. It sure is trending!
Investigating the causal link between a management improvement technique and organizational performance
Authors: de Waal André , Goedegebuure Robert
Published: April 2017

Purpose

An important question in contemporary research is: do certain management practices cause better performance or do better performing organizations find it easier to adopt certain management practices? This question is also of importance when applying the high performance organization (HPO) framework, which is a scientifically validated technique designed to achieve and sustain a high level of performance. Many research studies correlate the HPO framework with improved organizational performance. There are, however, no studies which explicitly look at the causal relationship. This paper aims to provide empirical evidence of causality.

Design/methodology/approach

Longitudinal research was conducted at two companies. An HPO diagnosis was conducted at each company, after which management implemented the HPO framework. Two units at each company were selected as case studies. Data were collected, using a questionnaire and interviews, at the beginning and after 18 months, when the diagnoses were repeated. A linear regression analysis was performed to interpret the data.

Findings

Despite exposure to the same HPO framework techniques, organizational units achieved significantly different outcomes. In each company, one unit achieved a higher HPO score and higher organizational results, while the other unit had no change, or a lower HPO score and lower organizational results. The key factor was the manner in which unit managers applied the HPO framework.

Practical implications

Optimal effectiveness for the HPO framework occurs when management incorporates the HPO factors into the workplace and strives diligently to improve performance.

Originality/value

This research responds to the question “Do certain management practices cause better performance or do better performing organizations find it easier to adopt certain management practices?”
Computational contact mechanics analysis of laterally graded orthotropic half-planes
Authors: Arslan Onur
Published: April 2017

Purpose

Frictional sliding contact problems between laterally graded orthotropic half-planes and a flat rigid stamp are investigated. The presented study aims at guiding engineering applications in the prediction of the contact response of orthotropic laterally graded members.

Design/methodology/approach

The solution procedure is based on a finite element (FE) approach which is conducted with an efficient FE analysis software ANSYS. The spatial gradations of the orthotropic stiffness constants through the horizontal axis are enabled utilizing the homogeneous FE approach. The Augmented Lagrangian contact algorithm is used as an iterative non-linear solution method in the contact analysis.

Findings

The accuracy of the proposed FE solution method is approved by using the comparisons of the results with those computed using an analytical technique. The prominent results indicate that the surface contact stresses can be mitigated upon increasing the degree of orthotropy and positive lateral gradations.

Originality/value

One can infer from the literature survey that, the contact mechanics analysis of orthotropic laterally graded materials has not been investigated so far. In this study, an FE method-based computational solution procedure for the aforementioned problem is addressed. The presented study aims at guiding engineering applications in the prediction of the contact response of orthotropic laterally graded members. Additionally, this study provides some useful points related to computational contact mechanics analysis of orthotropic structures.
What determine shoppers’ preferences for malls in an emerging market?
Authors: Paul Justin
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The entry of multinational firms is likely to increase competition and provide better deals to consumers in emerging markets such as India, China and Brazil. In this context, this paper aims to examine the factors determining the consumers’ preferences for shopping at large malls in an emerging market as compared to small outlets (in particular, young consumers’ preferences).

Design/methodology/approach

The present study is based on a survey of 200 consumers at large retail malls in India, the second-fastest growing emerging market.

Findings

The findings suggest that mostly young consumers prefer to shop in large malls because of the availability of the latest, well-known brands and discounted prices, which implies that service quality is not a primary factor.

Originality/value

The author posits theoretical propositions to stimulate further research. The insights from the study would be useful for strategic marketing for retailers.
Gender and young consumer ethics: an examination in two Southeast Asian countries
Authors: Tjiptono Fandy , Arli Denni , Winit Warat
Published: April 2017

Purpose

This study aims to examine and compare ethical perceptions between genders on various potentially unethical consumer situations in Indonesia and Thailand.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey was conducted by distributing self-administered questionnaires to a convenience sample of university students in two large cities in Indonesia and Thailand. There are 278 respondents in Indonesia 158 participants for Thailand. Most respondents aged between 18-24 years.

Findings

Indonesian youths were found to believe that “passively benefiting”, “questionable action” and “downloading” are more unethical than Thai youths do. The relationship between gender and consumer ethics is not consistent in Indonesia and Thailand. Female youths in Indonesia tended to be more ethical in four out of seven dimensions of Consumer Ethics Scales than their counterparts, while no gender differences were found in Thailand.

Practical implications

The results show the different consumer ethics between Indonesia and Thailand that may reflect cultural variations, where Indonesia is more multicultural than Thailand. The mixed findings of the gender differences may suggest that there are no intrinsic gender differences in consumer ethics. Further, the results also provide implications for educators and public policy makers in both countries to encourage more active roles played by universities in building ethical sensitivity among future leaders.

Originality/value

This is one of the few studies examining the impact of gender on consumer ethical behavior in Southeast Asian countries, where various unethical behaviors (e.g. buying and using pirated products) are prevalent.
CFO Narcissism and Financial Reporting Quality
Authors: HAM CHARLES , LANG MARK , SEYBERT NICHOLAS , WANG SEAN
Published: April 2017

We investigate the effect of CFO narcissism, as measured by signature size, on financial reporting quality. Experimentally, we validate that narcissism predicts misreporting behavior, and that signature size predicts misreporting through its association with narcissism. Empirically, we examine notarized CFO signatures and find CFO narcissism is associated with more earnings management, less timely loss recognition, weaker internal control quality, and a higher probability of restatements. The results are consistent for within‐firm comparisons focusing on CFO changes and are robust to controlling for CFO overconfidence and CEO narcissism. The results highlight the importance of CFO characteristics in the domain of financial reporting decisions.
Systematic review: quality of trials on the symptomatic effects of the low FODMAP diet for irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Krogsgaard L. R. , Lyngesen M. , Bytzer P.
Published: April 2017

Background

The low Fermentable Oligo‐, Di‐ Monosaccharides, and Polyoles (FODMAP) diet is a new treatment option for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Experts refer to the diet as supported by high level of evidence, but an evaluation of the quality of trials is lacking.

Aim

To provide a systematic review of the quality of trials on the symptomatic effects of the low FODMAP diet for IBS.

Methods

Pubmed and EMBASE were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) reporting effect of the low FODMAP diet on IBS symptoms. The quality of trials was evaluated by estimating risk of bias and assessing trial methodology.

Results

Nine RCTs were eligible, including 542 patients. The intervention period was from 2 days to 6 weeks and one trial included a 6‐month follow‐up. Three trials intervened by providing meals, controlling with a diet high in FODMAP content. In six trials, the intervention was instruction by a dietician and a variety of control interventions were used, all with limited established efficacy. Domains with a high risk of bias were identified for all the trials. High risk of bias dominated domains regarding blinding, with only one trial double‐blinded.

Conclusions

The RCTs on the low FODMAP diet are characterized by high risk of bias. The diet has not been studied in a randomised, controlled setting for more than 6 weeks and trials examining the effect of the important reintroduction period are lacking. There is a risk that the symptomatic effects reported in the trials are driven primarily by a placebo response.
Clinical significance of recurrent copy number aberrations in B‐lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia without recurrent fusion genes across age cohorts
Authors: Messina Monica , Chiaretti Sabina , Fedullo Anna Lucia , Piciocchi Alfonso , Puzzolo Maria Cristina , Lauretti Alessia , Gianfelici Valentina , Apicella Valerio , Fazi Paola , Te Kronnie Geertruy , Testi Anna Maria , Vitale Antonella , Guarini Anna , Foà Robin
Published: April 2017

Copy number aberrations (CNAs) represent cooperating events in B‐lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B‐ALL); however, their clinical relevance across different age cohorts is unclear. We analysed the recurrent CNAs in 157 age‐stratified B‐ALL negative cases for recurrent rearrangements (B‐NEG ALL), and their association with patients’ clinico‐biological features. We found that: (i) CDKN2A/RB1‐deleted and EBF1‐deleted adults had a shorter disease‐free survival than those with wild‐type, (ii) among the unfavourable markers, CDKN2A/RB1 deletions and K/NRAS mutations retained their impact in multivariate analysis, encouraging the evaluation of CDKN2A/RB1 deletions and RAS mutations in the diagnostic/prognostic workflow to refine ALL risk assessment.
Spatial simulation and modelling of the early Pleistocene site of DS (Bed I, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania): a powerful tool for predicting potential archaeological information from unexcavated areas
Authors: Domínguez‐Rodrigo Manuel , Cobo‐Sánchez Lucía , Uribelarrea David , Arriaza María Carmen , Yravedra José , Gidna Agness , Organista Elia , Sistiaga Ainara , Martín‐Perea David , Baquedano Enrique , Aramendi Julia , Mabulla Audax
Published: April 2017

Spatial statistical models are powerful tools for creating simulation and prediction models. Here, we apply such models to the newly discovered 1.84 Ma site of DS (Bed I, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania). Ongoing excavation has already exposed 370 m2 of the same discrete archaeological level. This is the biggest window into an Early Pleistocene anthropogenic site. With such a large area opened, modelling based on spatial trends (using coordinates) and on covariates (topography) has enabled the creation of predictions about where the densest concentrations of unexcavated materials may lie. Following this modelling, excavation has confirmed the predictions; the densest clusters of stone tools and fossils bones are palaeotopographically and palaeoecologically influenced. Spatial statistical analysis is, therefore, a powerful analytical tool to model and understand in‐site and off‐site hominin behaviour as an interaction between hominins and environments.
Seasonal population and individual niche dynamics in a tetra fish in the Pantanal wetlands
Authors: Costa‐Pereira Raul , Tavares Luiz E .R. , de Camargo Plínio Barbosa , Araújo Márcio S.
Published: April 2017

In seasonal tropical regions, rainfall and/or temporary floods during the wet season generally increase the abundance and diversity of food resources to many consumers as compared to the dry season. Therefore, seasonality can affect intraspecific competition and ecological opportunity, which are two important ecological mechanisms underlying population and individual niche variations. Here, we took advantage of the strong seasonality in the Pantanal wetlands to investigate how within‐ and between‐individual diet variations relate to seasonal population niche dynamics of the tetra fish Astyanax lacustris. We quantified dietary niche using gut contents and stable isotopes. Tetras had higher gut fullness and better body condition in the wet season, suggesting that competition is more intense in the dry season. The population niche was broader in the wet season due to an increase in diet divergence between individuals, in spite of potential stronger competition in the dry season. We posit that low ecological opportunity in the dry season limits the diversifying effect of intraspecific competition, constraining population niche expansion. Our results add new insights on how seasonality affects population and individual diets, indicating that intraspecific competition and ecological opportunity interact to determine temporal niche variations in seasonal environments.
Concluding the trilogy: The interaction of 2,2′‐dihydroxy‐benzophenones and their carbonyl N‐analogues with human glutathione transferase M1‐1 face to face with the P1‐1 and A1‐1 isoenzymes involved in MDR
Authors: Georgakis Nikolaos D. , Karagiannopoulos Dionisis A. , Thireou Trias N. , Eliopoulos Elias E. , Labrou Nikolaos E. , Tsoungas Petros G. , Koutsilieris Michael N. , Clonis Yannis D.
Published: April 2017

A series of 2,2′‐dihydroxybenzophenones and their carbonyl N‐analogues were studied as potential inhibitors against human glutathione transferase M1‐1 (hGSTM1‐1) purified from recombinant E. coli. Their screening revealed an inhibition against hGSTM1‐1 within a range of 0‐42% (25 μM). The IC50 values for the two stronger ones, 16 and 13, were 53.5 ± 5.6 μΜ and 28.5 ± 2.5 μΜ, respectively. The results were compared with earlier ones for isoenzymes hGSTP1‐1 and hGSTA1‐1 involved in MDR. All but one bind more strongly to A1‐1, than M1‐1 and P1‐1, the latter being a poor binder. An order of potency A1‐1 > > M1‐1 >  P1‐1 meritted 13, 14 and 16 as the most potent inhibitors with hGSTM1‐1. Enzyme kinetics with hGSTM1‐1 (Km(CDNB) 213 ± 10 μΜ and Km(GSH) 303 ± 11 μΜ) revealed a competitive modality for 16 (Ki(16) = 22.3 ± 1.1 μΜ) and a mixed one for 13 versus CDNB (Ki(13) = 33.3 ± 1.6 μM for the free enzyme and Ki(13)′ = 17.7 ± 1.7 μM for the enzyme‐CDNB complex). 5‐ or 5′‐Bromo‐ or phenyl‐substituted (but not in combination) inhibitors, having a H‐bonded oxime weakly acidic group of a small volume, are optimal candidates for binding hGSTM1‐1. The outcome of the isoenzyme trilogy identified good binder leads for the investigated GSTs involved in MDR.
Gender Development in Transgender Preschool Children
Authors: Fast Anne A. , Olson Kristina R.
Published: April 2017

An increasing number of transgender children—those who express a gender identity that is “opposite” their natal sex—are socially transitioning, or presenting as their gender identity in everyday life. This study asks whether these children differ from gender‐typical peers on basic gender development tasks. Three‐ to 5‐year‐old socially transitioned transgender children (n = 36) did not differ from controls matched on age and expressed gender (n = 36), or siblings of transgender and gender nonconforming children (n = 24) on gender preference, behavior, and belief measures. However, transgender children were less likely than both control groups to believe that their gender at birth matches their current gender, whereas both transgender children and siblings were less likely than controls to believe that other people's gender is stable.
Impact of Local Empowerment on Conservation Practices in a Highly Developed Country
Authors: Engen Sigrid , Hausner Vera Helene
Published: April 2017

Community‐based conservation, where local decision makers are responsible for balancing conservation and development, is often preferred to exclusionary conservation that prioritizes use‐limitation through strict regulation. Unraveling the evidence for conservation impact of different governance regimes is challenging. Focusing on conservation practices before and after a reform can provide an early indication of behavioral changes acting as a precursor to changes in social and ecological outcomes, which generally need more time to materialize. A recent reform in Norway provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the impact of local empowerment on conservation practices in protected areas. We analyzed 1,466 decisions in 31 protected areas before and after the reform while accounting for differences between private and public property ownership. We found that the conservation practices were liberal both before and after the reform. The impact of local empowerment on conservation practices was contingent on land tenure: more use was allowed after the reform on private land. We conclude that conservation impact evaluations could benefit from a before‐and‐after spatial approach taking into account land tenure for analyzing the impacts of local decision making.
Functional vision and cognition in infants with congenital disorders of the peripheral visual system
Authors: Dale Naomi , Sakkalou Elena , O'Reilly Michelle , Springall Clare , De Haan Michelle , Salt Alison
Published: April 2017

Aim

To investigate how vision relates to early development by studying vision and cognition in a national cohort of 1‐year‐old infants with congenital disorders of the peripheral visual system and visual impairment.

Method

This was a cross‐sectional observational investigation of a nationally recruited cohort of infants with ‘simple’ and ‘complex’ congenital disorders of the peripheral visual system. Entry age was 8 to 16 months. Vision level (Near Detection Scale) and non‐verbal cognition (sensorimotor understanding, Reynell Zinkin Scales) were assessed. Parents completed demographic questionnaires.

Results

Of 90 infants (49 males, 41 females; mean 13mo, standard deviation [SD] 2.5mo; range 7–17mo); 25 (28%) had profound visual impairment (light perception at best) and 65 (72%) had severe visual impairment (basic ‘form’ vision). The Near Detection Scale correlated significantly with sensorimotor understanding developmental quotients in the ‘total’, ‘simple’, and ‘complex’ groups (all p<0.001). Age and vision accounted for 48% of sensorimotor understanding variance. Infants with profound visual impairment, especially in the ‘complex’ group with congenital disorders of the peripheral visual system with known brain involvement, showed the greatest cognitive delay.

Interpretation

Lack of vision is associated with delayed early‐object manipulative abilities and concepts; ‘form’ vision appeared to support early developmental advance. This paper provides baseline characteristics for cross‐sectional and longitudinal follow‐up investigations in progress. A methodological strength of the study was the representativeness of the cohort according to national epidemiological and population census data.
Māori gene and epigenetics hypotheses: the temptation of population genetics
Authors: Ngaketcha Njafang Armand , Missa Jean‐Noël
Published: April 2017

This commentary is on the original article by Jones et al. on pages 719–724 of this issue.
Retail Investor Attention and IPO Valuation
Authors: Colaco Hugh M. J. , De Cesari Amedeo , Hegde Shantaram P.
Published: April 2017

Given restrictions placed on communication with prospective investors, retail investor attention can help firms/underwriters with the task of initially valuing an IPO. Using Google search volume to proxy for retail investor attention, we find that the presence of and an increase in retail attention following initial filing but prior to initial pricing are positively related to initial valuations. Our results are robust to alternative matching methods to identify our matched sample of non‐IPO firms and to including several controls for institutional demand. We conclude that retail investor attention plays a critical role in the early stages of IPO valuation.
Intelligent heart disease prediction in cloud environment through ensembling
Authors: Gupta Nishant , Ahuja Naman , Malhotra Shikhar , Bala Anju , Kaur Gurleen
Published: April 2017

Cloud computing is the delivery of on‐demand computing resources. Cloud computing has numerous applications in fields of education, social networking, and medicine. But the benefit of cloud for medical purposes is seamless, particularly because of the enormous data generated by the health care industry. This colossal data can be managed through big data analytics, and hidden patterns can be extracted using machine learning procedures. In particular, the latest issue in the medical domain is the prediction of heart diseases, which can be resolved through culmination of machine learning and cloud computing. Hence, an attempt has been made to propose an intelligent decision support model that can aid medical experts in predicting heart disease based on the historical data of patients. Various machine learning algorithms have been implemented on the heart disease dataset to predict accuracy for heart disease. Naïve Bayes has been selected as an effective model because it provides the highest accuracy of 86.42% followed by AdaBoost and boosted tree. Further, these 3 models are being ensembled, which has increased the overall accuracy to 87.91%. The experimental results have also been evaluated using 10,082 instances that clearly validate the maximum accuracy through ensembling and minimum execution time in cloud environment.
An assessment of spatio‐temporal variability of land surface temperature using MODIS data: A study of Gujarat state, India
Authors: Patel Shashikant , Joshi Janak P. , Bhatt Bindu
Published: April 2017

Land surface temperature (LST) is temperature of the skin surface of land, which can be derived from satellite information or direct measurements. Satellite data provide consistent, continuous, and spatially distributed information on the Earth's surface conditions. The moderate resolution imaging spectro‐radiometer instruments installed on the Aqua and Terra Earth observation satellites from NASA, have provided MOD11A2 Product, which contains daytime and nighttime LST in 1 km spatial resolution. Short‐term mean (STM) has been calculated using the daytime LST (2002–2011). LST for year 2012, 2013, and 2014 has been analyzed with reference to STM. The study has been carried out for summer season (March to June) that is also called as premonsoon season. Results show that the district of Saurashtra and Ahmadabad experience high LST during summer as compared to districts of South Gujarat. LST analysis is carried out at district and taluka level for entire Gujrat state. Twenty‐five districts in Gujarat state contains 179 talukas. Study aims to assess inter and intra‐annual and seasonal variability in LST time series data and explores the variation in STM LST and trends in the Gujarat state. The results showed that in 2012 was normal in terms of LST for the summer season, but in the year 2013 experienced above normal or higher LST as compare to STM in almost entire Gujarat during summer season. The analysis showed that the year 2014 summer season also experienced very high LST as compare to the STM. In the year 2013, months of March, April, May, and June, LST is higher than STM in 81, 38, 139, and 43 talukas, respectively.
Is humidified better than non‐humidified low‐flow oxygen therapy? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wen Zunjia , Wang Wenting , Zhang Haiying , Wu Chao , Ding Jianping , Shen Meifen
Published: April 2017

Aims

To determine the effects of low‐flow oxygen therapy with humidified or non‐humidified oxygen in adult patients.

Background

Although non‐humidified oxygen in low‐flow oxygen therapy is recommended by many guidelines, humidifying oxygen regardless of oxygen flow has been routinely performed in China and Japan and further studies are needed to evaluate the evidence.

Design

A systematic review and meta‐analysis that comply with the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration were conducted.

Data sources

Studies (1980–2016) were identified by searching PUBMED, EMBASE, Science Direct, Cochrane library, CNKI and Wanfang Database.

Methods

We performed a comprehensive, systematic meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of humidified and non‐humidified low‐flow oxygen therapy. Summary risk ratios or weighted mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a fixed‐ or random‐effects model.

Results

Twenty‐seven randomized controlled trials with a total number of 8,876 patients were included. Non‐humidified oxygen offers more benefits in reducing the bacterial contamination of humidifier bottles, as shown by the mean operating time for oxygen administration and the respiratory infections compared with humidified oxygen therapy. No significant differences were found in dry nose, dry nose and throat, nosebleed, chest discomfort, the smell of oxygen and SpO2 changes.

Conclusions

The routine humidification of oxygen in low‐flow oxygen therapy is not justifiable and non‐humidified oxygen tends to be more beneficial. However, considering that the quality of most included studies is poor, rigorously designed, large‐scale randomized controlled trials are still needed to identify the role of non‐humidified oxygen therapy.
Qualitative research in teen experiences living with food‐induced anaphylaxis: A meta‐aggregation
Authors: Johnson Sara F. , Woodgate Roberta L.
Published: April 2017

Aim

To describe the central experiences of teens living with food‐induced anaphylaxis as a first step in responding to healthcare needs in this population.

Background

As prevalence of allergy increases and commonly outgrown allergies persist longer, chronic management for teens becomes increasingly important. Synthesizing existing research helps to recognize management needs specific to teens with food allergy.

Design

Meta‐aggregation for qualitative systematic review, to create synthesis for clinical improvement; guided by Joanna Briggs Institute methods and their Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument.

Data sources

Seven relevant databases were searched for original qualitative research July 2015; 10 studies (published 2007–2015) met inclusion criteria.

Review methods

Both authors undertook critical appraisal, with consensus by discussion. Findings from line‐by‐line extraction were grouped into categories and syntheses. In studies with mixed populations, we included only teens (age 12–19) with food‐induced anaphylaxis.

Results

We developed three syntheses from nine categories and 64 subcategories to reflect central experiences of teens with food‐induced anaphylaxis, including: (1) defining the allergic self; (2) finding a balance and (3) controlling the uncontrollable. The syntheses encompass importance of allergic identity/understanding, difficulties in coping with burdens of food allergy and reflect the complex risk interactions teens must negotiate in social contexts.

Conclusion

There is a need to respect teens as active participants in managing food‐induced anaphylaxis, while recognizing that social expectations and a lack of public awareness/safety can dangerously affect one's needs and decisions. This helps broaden how we conceptualize the needs of teens living with food‐induced anaphylaxis, informing ongoing care and management.
Impaired endothelial function in patients with cryptogenic stroke and patent foramen ovale is not affected by closure
Authors: Lantz Maria , Kostulas Konstantinos , Settergren Magnus , Sjöstrand Christina
Published: April 2017

Introduction

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is associated with cryptogenic stroke (CS) and migraine with aura (MA). Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is a risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease, but might also be involved in migraine pathophysiology. Short‐term worsening of migraine has been described after closure of PFO. We evaluated endothelial function in patients with CS and PFO, before and after closure of PFO, and in patients with migraine, whether changes in endothelial function was related to a change in migraine frequency.

Material and Methods

Patients with CS and PFO were included; 20 with planned closure of PFO and seven controls on medical treatment only. Endothelial function was assessed by peripheral arterial tonometry (EndoPatR) and biomarkers of endothelial activation. Patients were followed longitudinally at baseline, day 1, 1 month, and 6 months. A headache diary was used to assess migraine frequency.

Result

Mean age of the cohort was 45.4 years, and migraine prevalence was 50% whereof 84.6% had MA. Median EndoPatR index (RHI) at baseline was 1.60 (IQR 1.41‐2.00). There was no change in RHI over time, either in closure patients (P = 0.66), nor in controls (P = 0.31), and there was no change in biomarkers of endothelial activation. Three migraine patients experienced worsening of migraine frequency directly after closure.

Discussion

Endothelial function did not change after closure of PFO. Although patients were lacking cardiovascular risk factors, a high proportion had impaired endothelial function. Whether ED can have predictive value, identifying PFO at higher risk for recurrent stroke warrants further investigations.
Melatonin: A pleiotropic molecule that modulates DNA damage response and repair pathways
Authors: Majidinia Maryam , Sadeghpour Alireza , Mehrzadi Saeed , Reiter Russel J. , Khatami Nasrin , Yousefi Bahman
Published: April 2017

DNA repair is responsible for maintaining the integrity of the genome. Perturbations in the DNA repair pathways have been identified in several human cancers. Thus, compounds targeting DNA damage response (DDR) hold great promise in cancer therapy. A great deal of effort, in pursuit of new anticancer drugs, has been devoted to understanding the basic mechanisms and functions of the cellular DNA repair machinery. Melatonin, a widely produced indoleamine in all organisms, is associated with a reduced risk of cancer and has multiple regulatory roles on the different aspects of the DDR and DNA repair. Herein, we have mainly discussed how defective components in different DNA repair machineries, including homologous recombination (HR), nonhomologous end‐joining (NHEJ), base excision repair (BER), nucleotide excision repair (NER), and finally DNA mismatch repair (MMR), can contribute to the risk of cancer. Melatonin biosynthesis, mode of action, and antioxidant effects are reviewed along with the means by which the indoleamine regulates DDR at the transduction, mediation, and functional levels. Finally, we summarize recent studies that illustrate how melatonin can be combined with DNA‐damaging agents to improve their efficacy in cancer therapy.
Second Language Users’ Restriction of Linguistic Generalization Errors: The Case of English Un– Prefixation Development
Authors: Zhang Xiaopeng
Published: April 2017

This study adopted Ambridge's research paradigm to examine the effects of entrenchment, preemption, and verb semantics in second language (L2) acquisition of English un– prefixation. Three groups of Chinese learners of English (second‐ and fourth‐year English majors and teachers of English) rated the acceptability of 48 un– prefixed verbs and their bare forms. Frequency of bare forms (e.g., close) was a factor associated with the preference of the fourth‐year learners and the teachers to reject ungrammatical un– verbs (e.g., unclose). However, competing forms (e.g., open) did not appear to be linked to participants’ judgments of the acceptability of ungrammatical un– verbs, lending support to the entrenchment rather than the preemption hypothesis. Ratings of the extent to which verbs incorporate the semantics of un– verbs emerged as significant predictors for the fourth‐year learners’ and the teachers’ judgements of the acceptability of grammatical un– verbs, supporting the semantic verb class hypothesis.

Open Practices

This article has been awarded an Open Materials badge. All materials are publicly accessible in the IRIS digital repository at http://www.iris-database.org. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
Navigating Stigma and Group Conflict: Group Identification as a Cause and Consequence of Self‐Labeling
Authors: Whitson Jennifer , Anicich Eric M. , Wang Cynthia S. , Galinsky Adam D.
Published: April 2017

A crucial element of navigating group conflict is how group members manage stigma imposed on them by other groups. Across three experiments, we propose that group identification is a cause and consequence of self‐labeling with stigmatizing group labels, a practice known to reduce stigma. Experiment 1 found that group identification increased self‐labeling with a stigmatizing group label. In Experiment 2, individuals who self‐labeled with a stigmatizing group label felt more identified with their group, which reduced the label's perceived negativity; they also persisted longer on an in‐group helping task, an effect that was partially mediated by group identification. In Experiment 3, observers perceived self‐labelers as more identified with their group and as viewing the label less negatively; perceived group identification mediated the relationship. Group identification is a critical component in reappropriating stigmatizing labels and provides insight into how highly identified members can navigate group conflict by negotiating their group's identity.
Impulsivity, communication, and marital satisfaction in newlywed couples
Authors: TAN KENNETH , JARNECKE AMBER M. , SOUTH SUSAN C.
Published: April 2017

The authors used a vulnerability–stress–adaptation framework to examine how and why impulsivity affects communication and marital satisfaction in a sample of 100 newlywed couples. We specifically examined the links between impulsivity and perceptions of conflict communication patterns and their associations with marital satisfaction. Using an actor–partner interdependence framework, the results demonstrated that impulsivity was negatively associated with one's own and partner's marital satisfaction. Impulsivity was also negatively associated with constructive communication and positively associated with destructive communication. Furthermore, mediation analyses showed that communication patterns mediated the impulsivity–satisfaction link. Taken together, these findings suggest that impulsivity is likely to lead to lower marital satisfaction, partly through its effect on communication between partners.
Photophysical Characterization of the Naturally Occurring Dioxobacteriochlorin Tolyporphin A and Synthetic Oxobacteriochlorin Analogues
Authors: Hood Don , Niedzwiedzki Dariusz M. , Zhang Ran , Zhang Yunlong , Dai Jingqiu , Miller Eric S. , Bocian David F. , Williams Philip G. , Lindsey Jonathan S. , Holten Dewey
Published: April 2017

Tolyporphins are tetrapyrrole macrocycles produced by a cyanobacterium‐containing culture known as HT‐58‐2. Tolyporphins A–J are free base dioxobacteriochlorins, whereas tolyporphin K is an oxochlorin. Here, the photophysical characterization is reported of tolyporphin A and two synthetic analogues, an oxobacteriochlorin and a dioxobacteriochlorin. The characterization (in toluene, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, 1‐pentanol, 2‐butanone, ethanol, methanol, N,N‐dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide) includes static absorption and fluorescence spectra, fluorescence quantum yields and time‐resolved data. The data afford the lifetime of the lowest singlet excited state and the yields of the nonradiative decay pathways (intersystem crossing and internal conversion). The three macrocycles exhibit only modest variation in spectroscopic and excited‐state photophysical parameters across the solvents. The long‐wavelength (Qy) absorption band of tolyporphin A appears at ~680 nm and is remarkably narrow (full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum ~7 nm). The position of the long‐wavelength (Qy) absorption band of tolyporphin A (~680 nm) more closely resembles that of chlorophyll a (662 nm) than bacteriochlorophyll a (772 nm). The absorption spectra of tolyporphins B–I, K (which were available in minute quantities) are also reported in methanol; the spectra of B–I closely resemble that of tolyporphin A. Taken together, tolyporphin A generally exhibits spectral and photophysical features resembling those of chlorophyll a.
Occurrence and genetic diversity of Blackcurrant reversion virus found on various cultivated and wild Ribes in Latvia
Authors: Zuļģe N. , Gospodaryk A. , Moročko‐Bičevska I.
Published: April 2017

A large‐scale survey was carried out to assess the occurrence, natural host range and genetic diversity of Blackcurrant reversion virus (BRV) in cultivated and wild Ribes in Latvia using RT‐PCR and sequence analyses of 3′ NTR of BRV RNA2. The virus was detected in all surveyed habitats in most of the studied Ribes, except gooseberries, Ribes sanguineum, Ribes laxiflorum and crossbreeds between blackcurrants and gooseberries. The overall occurrence of BRV was 27%, although it varied significantly among the surveyed Ribes habitats, exceeding 40% in home gardens and germplasm collections. Among cultivated Ribes, blackcurrants were the most infected and BRV was detected in all commonly grown cultivars. The virus was detected for the first time in Ribes aureum, Ribes fragrans, Ribes nigrum var. pauciflorum and Ribes fasciculatum var. chinense. The sequence identities of the studied fragments of RNA2 3′ NTR varied from 92.8% to 99.7% among 26 BRV isolates from various cultivated, ornamental and wild hosts from Latvia and from 91.1% to 97.1% when they were compared with 27 corresponding sequences from GenBank. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the major clustering of isolates was not related to host, origin or symptoms. Grouping of BRV isolates based on host or location was identified within the phylogenetic subclusters. Several well‐supported clades were formed within the subclusters, including a group of BRV isolates from redcurrants that had unique nucleotide substitutions. Five putative recombinants were identified for the first time among BRV isolates from Latvia, Finland, Scotland and the Czech Republic.
Balancing task focus and relationship building: asking sleepy patients about traffic risk in treatment initiation consultations
Authors: Iversen Clara , Broström Anders , Ulander Martin
Published: April 2017

Background

The use of traffic risk assessment questions is an understudied area in nursing research. Obstructive sleep apnoea is associated with an increased risk of traffic accidents. Therefore, traffic safety authorities demand adherent continuous positive airway pressure use. Nurses act as coaches to achieve treatment adherence, but they are also obliged to act as state agents by prohibiting obstructive sleep apnoea patients from drowsy driving.

Objective

To examine how nurses and obstructive sleep apnoea patients manage traffic risk assessment questions in the relation‐building context of treatment initiation consultations.

Methods

To study, in detail, the actual practice of risk assessment, we used conversation analysis of 19 video‐recorded initial treatment consultations with nurses and recently diagnosed obstructive sleep apnoea patients.

Ethics

The study received ethical approval from the Central Ethical Review Board in Linköping (registration number 214/231‐32) and follows the ethical guidelines for qualitative research.

Results

Patients influence how nurses phrase questions about traffic risk by taking a stance to daytime sleepiness prior to the risk question. Nurses ask traffic risk questions in a way that assumes that driving is unproblematic if patients have not previously indicated problems. It may pose a significant problem when nurses, by accepting patients’ prior stance when asking about traffic risk, orient to relationship building rather than task focus.

Conclusion

To clarify the difference between their two potentially conflicting roles, nurses need to refer to existing laws and official guidelines when they raise the issue of risk in treatment initiation consultations. Nurses should also ask risk assessment questions in a problem‐oriented communicative environment. Traffic risk assessment is sensitive yet important, as obstructive sleep apnoea is a highly prevalent problem causing excessive sleepiness. It is essential to acknowledge nurses’ double roles with regard to coaching continuous positive airway pressure treatment and assessing traffic risk.
“To‐be‐forgotten” statements become less true: Memory processes involved in selection and forgetting lead to truthfulness changes of ambiguous sentences
Authors: Santos Ana Sofia , Ramos Tânia , Garcia‐Marques Leonel , Carneiro Paula
Published: April 2017

What happens when people try to forget something? What are the consequences of instructing people to intentionally forget a sentence? Recent studies employing the item‐method directed forgetting paradigm have shown that to‐be‐forgotten (TBF) items are, in a subsequent task, emotionally devaluated relative to to‐be‐remembered (TBR) items, an aftereffect of memory selection (Vivas, Marful, Panagiotidou & Bajo, 2016). As such, distractor devaluation by attentional selection generalizes to memory selection. In this study, we use the item‐method directed forgetting paradigm to test the effects of memory selection and inhibition on truth judgments of ambiguous sentences. We expected the relative standing of an item in the task (i.e., whether it was instructed to be remembered or forgotten) to affect the truthfulness value of that item, making TBF items less valid/truthful than TBR items. As predicted, ambiguous sentences associated with a “Forget” cue were subsequently judged as less true than sentences associated with a “Remember” cue, suggesting that instructions to intentionally forget a statement can produce changes in the validity/truthfulness of that statement. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show an influence of memory processes involved in selection and forgetting on the perceived truthfulness of sentences.
Impact of obstructive sleep apnoea and intermittent hypoxia on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular regulation
Authors: Beaudin Andrew E. , Waltz Xavier , Hanly Patrick J. , Poulin Marc J.
Published: April 2017

New Findings

What is the topic of this review?

This review examines the notion that obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and intermittent hypoxia (IH) have hormetic effects on vascular health.

What advances does it highlight?

Clinical (OSA patient) and experimental animal and human models report that IH is detrimental to vascular regulation. However, mild IH and, by extension, mild OSA also have physiological and clinical benefits. This review highlights clinical and experimental animal and human data linking OSA and IH to vascular disease and discusses how hormetic effects of OSA and IH relate to OSA severity, IH intensity and duration, and patient/subject age.

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, a consequence attributed in part to chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH) resulting from repetitive apnoeas during sleep. Although findings from experimental animal, and human, models have shown that IH is detrimental to vascular regulation, the severity of IH used in many of these animal studies [e.g. inspired fraction of oxygen () = 2–3%; oxygen desaturation index = 120 events h−1] is considerably greater than that observed in the majority of patients with OSA. This may also explain disparities between animal and recently developed human models of IH, where IH severity is, by necessity, less severe (e.g.  = 10–12%; oxygen desaturation index = 15–30 events h−1). In this review, we highlight the current knowledge regarding the impact of OSA and IH on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular regulation. In addition, we critically discuss the recent notion that OSA and IH may have hormetic effects on vascular health depending on conditions such as OSA severity, IH intensity and duration, and age. In general, data support an independent causal link between OSA and vascular disease, particularly for patients with severe OSA. However, the data are equivocal for older OSA patients and patients with mild OSA, because advanced age and short‐duration, low‐intensity IH have been reported to provide a degree of protection against IH and ischaemic events such as myocardial infarction and stroke, respectively. Overall, additional studies are needed to investigate the beneficial/detrimental effects of mild OSA on the various vascular beds.