bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The determinants of foreign direct investment localization: An empirical analysis of the moroccan automotive industry
Authors: Griguer Sara , Ait Lhassan Imad
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) localization in the context of the Moroccan automotive industry. Drawing on a comprehensive review of the literature, we formulate and test several hypotheses related to the influence of socioeconomic, institutional, and policy factors on FDI localization. Our empirical analysis utilizes data from a diverse sample of MCNs operating in the Moroccan automotive industry and employs robust methods to examine the relationship between various determinants and the localization of FDI. The results offer valuable insights into the factors driving FDI localization and provide implications for policymakers and practitioners seeking to attract foreign investment. The findings suggest that while certain factors, such as the quality of institutions and market size, positively influence FDI localization, others, including stable and favorable economic and financial environments and public incentives for investment, exhibit mixed or negative effects. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of infrastructure development and the availability of qualified labor in attracting FDI localization. Overall, this research contributes to the literature by offering a nuanced understanding of the complex dynamics shaping FDI localization in developing countries. The insights gleaned from this study can inform policymakers' efforts to formulate effective strategies for promoting FDI localization and fostering economic growth and development.
Leading by example: Creating the environmental Care Village based on waste donation
Authors: Udin Udin , Dananjoyo Radyan , Sugianto La Ode , Ula Hesty La , Khairunnisa Rifda , Ihsaniati Namira Sofa Nur
Published: July 2024

Leading by example in creating an environmentally-care village based on waste donation in Mrisi RT 05 Tirtonirmolo, Special Region of Yogyakarta (SRY) - Indonesia, is a challenge that requires integrity, courage, and commitment. Leaders who lead by example set an exemplar for their community and guide them towards sustainable positive change. Firstly, in implementing the programs, the initial step taken is to form a working team from the community residing in Mrisi RT 05 Tirtonirmolo, comprising 33 individuals (including youth, elders, homemakers, and religious figures). By involving diverse parties, this program can encompass the entire spectrum of the community, creating a greater impact. Furthermore, education is the primary key in this service program. The service team organizes workshops and regular training sessions to provide a deep understanding of the importance of environmental care and how waste can be managed environmentally friendly. The results indicate that leaders may create a cleaner, healthier, and more sustainable environment by understanding the complexity of environmental issues, raising awareness, developing innovative programs, and building collaborations with stakeholders. Therefore, leading by example benefits the environment and fosters a more conscious and caring community towards the earth's sustainability.
The impact of local government debts on economic growth in China: From the perspectives of general obligation bonds and revenue bonds
Authors: Zhang Shengnan , Samsi Aznita Binti , Wang Tianfu , Du Zifan
Published: July 2024

Since the financial crisis of 2008, the Chinese government has implemented a series of fiscal policies to stimulate local investment and economic development, with bond issuance being one of the key measures. Beginning in 2015, local government revenue bonds were introduced alongside the long-standing general obligation bonds. Notably, the issuance of these bonds saw a significant increase following the 2019 pandemic, aimed at injecting funds into profitable major projects to stimulate local economic recovery. This research aims to verify the relationship between local government debt and economic development by investigating the impact of bond stock on economic growth across 31 provinces in China.Utilizing panel data from 2015 to 2022 and employing the system GMM testing methodology, the analysis reveals that a 1% increase in the stock of general obligation bonds in the previous year leads to a 0.039% increase in GDP in the current year. In contrast, a 1% increase in the stock of revenue bonds corresponds to a 0.066% decrease in GDP. The findings underscore the importance of general obligation bonds in fostering economic growth, while highlighting that the stock of revenue bonds may not only fail to promote economic recovery but could also bring about certain negative effects. The results emphasize the imperative of prudent management of government revenue bonds and the urgent need for further research to address the effectiveness of expanding their issuance and its implications for economic growth. Properly managing these bonds is crucial to ensuring that fiscal policies achieve their intended economic outcomes without inadvertently causing harm.
The 21st century skills of the master's degree students in the school of liberal arts in private Universities
Authors: Watcharinrat Dowroong , Butdisuwan Sujin , Boonyarutkalin Thanaphan , Phasinam Khongdet , Watcharinrat Chudarat , Saengngarm Nikorn , Supamattra Suwonnakan , Boonsong Sutthiporn
Published: July 2024

The objectives of this research are: 1) to study the skill levels and development needs of twenty-first century master's degree students, 2) to compare these skill levels and development needs by classifying students according to variables such as gender, age, work experience, and institution of graduation, and 3) to study the relationship between the level of skills and the need for developing twenty-first century skills of master's degree students. Questionnaires were distributed to master's degree students in the Faculty of Liberal Arts at a private university who studied from 2021 onward. A total of 80 questionnaires were distributed, and 73 responses were received. The statistical methods used in the research include frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and the correlation coefficient of variables (r). The research results found that: 1) the top three twenty-first century skills of students are media literacy, social skills, and information literacy. The top three needs for developing twenty-first century skills are cooperation, creative thinking, and communication skills. 2) The comparison of twenty-first century skills among students revealed no significant differences in skill levels based on gender and age. However, significant differences were found in skill levels based on the educational institutions and fields of study completed at the bachelor's degree level. No significant differences were found in the need for developing twenty-first century skills based on gender, age, educational institution, and field of study at the bachelor's degree level. 3) The level of twenty-first century skills is not related to the need for developing twenty-first century skills.
Smart PLS-SEM modeling: Developing an administrators' perception and attitude scale for apprenticeship programme
Authors: Gorai Jitendranath , Kumar Abhishek , Angadi G. R.
Published: July 2024

The global shift towards degree apprenticeships, exemplified by the University Grants Commission (UGC) guidelines, addresses the imminent challenges posed by the projected rise in the working-age population in India by 2030. This change underscores the critical need for a comprehensive scale to assess administrators' perceptions and attitudes towards implementing the Apprenticeship Education Degree Programme (AEDP). Addressing this gap, the present study aims to develop the Administrators' Perception and Attitude Scale towards Apprenticeship Programme (APAS-TAP), a context-specific scale tailored to the unique nuances of the Indian educational landscape. The study employed a cross-sectional survey design, selecting 180 administrators through purposive sampling from schools, colleges, and universities in West Bengal, India. The APAS-TAP underwent rigorous development and testing, involving expert panels for content validity assessment using the content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR). Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) determined the latent variables of APAS-TAP, while Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) evaluated construct validity, and Cronbach's alpha ensured internal consistency. The Partial Least Squares (PLS) technique examined the research model, and the goodness-of-fit (GoF) index assessed the model's appropriateness. The CVI and CVR values surpassed acceptable thresholds (CVI > 0.78 and CVR > 0.75). Internal consistency, indicated by Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.951), signified high reliability. The GoF index (CMIN/DF = 2.981) validated the model's appropriateness. The APAS-TAP emerges as a valid and reliable tool, providing crucial insights into administrators' perceptions and attitudes towards AEDP in the 'Rarh region' of West Bengal, India. Stakeholders can leverage this scale to identify gaps and enhance the quality of training, awareness, breadth, assessment, learning outcomes, quality management, and truthfulness in the context of AEDP. This study contributes significantly to the field by providing a robust scale for future research and policy development.
Relationship between renewable energy, technological innovation, and economic indicators of green growth: Comparative analysis of the OECD and Western Balkan Regions
Authors: Beka Artenisa , Abazi Alili Hyrije , Noveski Viktorija
Published: July 2024

This study examines the role of renewable energy, technological innovation, and economic indicators in promoting green growth by conducting a comparative analysis between OECD countries and the Western Balkan region over the period 2010–2022. The research includes a sample of 5 Western Balkan countries and 38 OECD countries, aiming to understand the contributions of these factors to sustainable development in diverse economic contexts. This paper uses the Hausman Taylor Model instrumental variables (IV) economic model to address the potential endogeneity of the data, provides a strong assessment of the impact, and analyses how renewable energy, technological innovation in the green economy, and various economic indicators contribute to sustainable economic development. The study findings indicate that for Western Balkan countries, technological innovation, urbanization, trade, and economic growth positively influence green growth. On the other hand, the findings for OECD countries indicate that renewable energy consumption and technological innovation positively influence green growth, whereas economic indicators such as economic growth, inflation, domestic credit private by banks and trade have negative effects on green growth.Contrasting results between the OECD and the regions of the Western Balkans highlight the influence of the various stages of economic development and the importance of context-specific factors in determining the results of green growth. The study emphasizes the need for customized policy interventions that consider the unique economic conditions and environmental goals of each region to achieve a transition towards a more sustainable future. The implications of these findings suggest significant policy considerations for enhancing green growth effectively across different global contexts.
Psychological happiness among residents of Da Nang city: An analysis of demographic influences
Authors: Nguyen Huong Thi , Ho Hang Thi Thuy , Nguyen-Thi Hang-Phuong , Le My-Dung , Nguyen Hoang-Duc
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to explore the psychological well-being of residents of Da Nang city, Vietnam, focusing on four key dimensions: positive emotion, negative emotion, optimism and trust, and spirituality. A convenience and snowball sampling approach was used to recruit 1790 participants from various districts in Da Nang. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale to measure psychological happiness. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t tests, and ANOVA. The findings indicate high levels of positive emotion, optimism and trust, and spirituality, with moderate levels of negative emotions among participants. No significant gender differences were found in psychological happiness across all dimensions. However, age significantly influenced positive emotions, with young adults (18-25 years) reporting higher levels of positive emotions than middle-aged adults (41-60 years). Education level also had a significant impact, with university graduates displaying higher levels of positive emotion, optimism and trust, and spirituality than those with lower educational attainment. The study revealed that psychological happiness in Da Nang city is influenced by age and educational attainment but not by gender. These insights suggest that interventions to promote well-being in Da Nang should be tailored to different age groups and emphasize the benefits of higher education.
Exploring the factors affecting ChatGPT acceptance among university students
Authors: Supianto  , Widyaningrum Retno , Wulandari Fitri , Zainudin M. , Athiyallah Arina , Rizqa Miftahir
Published: July 2024

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, particularly ChatGPT, into higher education settings is becoming increasingly prevalent. However, there remains a gap in understanding the factors that shape students' acceptance and utilization of ChatGPT. This study seeks to address this gap by investigating these factors and offering insights to enhance the adoption of ChatGPT in higher education. Data for this research was gathered through a questionnaire adapted from the UTAUT model, and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings reveal significant relationships between variables such as Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, and Facilitating Conditions with Behavioral Intention and User Behavior concerning ChatGPT. These results underscore the importance of higher education institutions in formulating strategies for AI technology integration, with a focus on psychosocial factors influencing student acceptance and usage. Moving forward, future research could delve deeper into contextual factors that may impact the adoption of AI technologies in higher education, thus providing further insights into this evolving field.
Adoption of fertilizer technology for rice cultivation in Kalahandi District, Odisha
Authors: Mishra Chhayakanta , Jena Damodar , Parida Nishith Ranjan , Subudhi Rabi Narayan , Pani Saswat Kumar , Giri Vivek Vishal , Daoun Abdulkarem
Published: July 2024

The management of nutrients presents a significant challenge for farmers and is a matter of concern for environmentalists. The key issue doesn’t lie in innovation but in the diffusion of technology among agricultural practitioners. Developed by international fertilizer development corporations, Urea Deep Placement (UDP) technology represents an innovative approach to rice cultivation. Its primary objective is to address the issue of nitrogen loss and enhance the utilization efficiency of urea. UDP modifies the method and placement of urea to optimize its effectiveness and minimize environmental impacts. This study employs a two-stage treatment effect model to investigate the following questions: which are the aspects that influence the adoption of UDP technology in rice cultivation? and how does the implementation of this technology impact rice yield? Critical factors influencing adoption include land tenure, gender, extension services, non-agricultural income, affiliation with farming groups and participation in training, guaranteed risk mitigation, and access to irrigation. Furthermore, farm size and the adoption of UDP significantly affect rice production. Beyond the economic advantages of adopting this technology, it also generates job opportunities in the manufacture of urea briquettes and their application. The use of urea briquettes curtails chemical runoff and water pollution. The embrace of UDP technology has concurrently spurred farmers to adopt mechanization and improve water management and distribution in rice fields.
Analysis of River Water Pollution on the Population of Tin Head Fish (Aplocheilus panchax) in an Islamic Perspective
Authors: Istiqomah Nur , Hidayatullah Ahmad Fauzan , Hariz Anif Rizqianti
Published: July 2024

The community's disposal of various types of waste leads to a high level of water pollution, which in turn causes a decline in both water quality and quantity. Pollution is the entry or containment of living things through human activities, resulting in a decrease in quality to a certain level, which leads to the environment not operating as specified. Various types of waste contribute to pollution, creating chemical and organic compounds that pose a threat to living organisms. This study aims to record and provide information on the effect of river water pollution on the population of tinhead fish (Aplocheilus panchax) in the river Jl. Purworejo, Central Java. The research methodology was carried out on the river Jl. Purworejo, Central Java, with the tools and materials used in the form of GPS smartphones, cameras, stationery (field books, pens), fish, and garbage in the research location. We conducted descriptive exploratory research, literature reviews, and library studies. We once collected data from a garbage-covered river. Observations confirmed that there were as many as seven species of tinhead fish in river waters. The findings indicate that the presence of organic and inorganic waste in polluted waters has an impact on the quantity of tinhead fish inhabiting clean waters with lush vegetation. This report is the first piece of information regarding the influence of river water quality on Jl. Purworejo, Central Java. Other parts of the river require research and cleanup efforts.
Management of Hospital Waste in Maintaining the Environment
Authors: Musri S. M. Ali , Syahlan Syahlan
Published: July 2024

Several areas in Indonesia need more well-developed sanitation infrastructure. Some industries and companies use domestic wastewater disposal systems outside the leading network, a cheaper alternative to centralized systems. The sewage treatment system in these areas typically consists of a septic tank and a medium-scale household wastewater treatment plant. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of SMEC Eye Hospital's liquid waste management after it has been processed through its wastewater treatment system. This experimental research involves managing the liquid waste at SMEC Eye Hospital using an anaerobic-aerobic upflowed biofilter system. The experimental method adheres strictly to a scientific research design. The processed liquid waste is then tested in the laboratory to measure levels of pH, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), ammonia, oils and fats, and total coliform. The liquid waste from SMEC Eye Hospital was analyzed to determine if the hazardous substances had been reduced or eliminated to meet environmental safety standards. Laboratory tests on the hospital's liquid waste outlet showed that all parameters, including pH, BOD, COD, TSS, ammonia, oil and fat, and total coliform, were within the quality standard limits. To further enhance the environmental safety of the waste, seven steps can be taken to reduce levels of pH, BOD, COD, TSS, ammonia, oil and fat, and total coliform. These measures ensure that the liquid waste from the hospital does not harm the environment.
Investigation of the Gubadag deposit clay minerals properties and development of drilling fluids based on them
Authors: Deryaev A. R.
Published: July 2024

The study of the properties of clay minerals and the creation of innovative drilling fluids based on them are extremely important aspects for improving the processes of extraction of natural resources, reducing operating costs, and increasing the energy efficiency of industrial operations. The purpose of this study was to explore the possibilities of developing a composition of drilling fluids based on the investigation of the properties of clay minerals for drilling and maintenance of wells in the conditions of the Gubadag deposit located in Turkmenistan. Statistical methods, experiments, and analysis were used in the course of the work. The results of the study showed that clay from the Gubadag deposit is characterised by low hydrophilicity and weakened structural stability, which is manifested in limited hydration energy and high filtration permeability. This leads to low viscosity, rheological, and structural-mechanical parameters of natural solutions. It follows from this that Gubadag clay is classified as a low-quality material. The prepared solutions from the above samples on different types of water have volumes in the range of 2-3 m³. However, after treating sea water with caustic soda, sample No. 2 generates more than 4 m³ of solution, significantly different from other samples. This highlights the need for additional research to optimise drilling fluid formulae, since it is important to determine the effect of clay materials on the properties of solutions and develop more adapted formulae that consider the specifics of the material and the conditions of its use in drilling wells. The practical significance of the results obtained lies in a significant improvement in the efficiency of drilling and maintenance of wells in regions with difficult geological conditions, offering new methods for preparing drilling fluids.
Обґрунтування ефективності та охорони надр при підземній розробці рудних родовищ традиційними технологіями в комбінації із вилуговуванням металів
Authors: Lyashenko V. I. , Dudar T. V. , Stus V. P. , Shapovalov V. A.
Published: July 2024

Показано, що резервом економіки, раціонального використання та охорони надр є залучення у виробництво некондиційних ресурсів шляхом використання технологій з вилуговування металів, які доцільно комбінувати з традиційними технологіями розробки. Встановлено, що оптимальне значення показників найчастіше досягається, коли менша частина багатої руди (до 40 %) видобувається традиційними технологіями і видається на поверхню, а її більша частина (до 60 %) бідної, некондиційної та позабалансової руди вилуговується під землею. Зокрема, найбільш інтенсивне інфільтраційне вилуговування відбувається при класі крупності рудних шматків –100 + 0 мм. Для Мічурінського родовища (ДП “СхідГЗК”, Україна) при підземному блоковому вилуговуванні металів рекомендується вихід такої фракції у відбитій руді близько 90 %. Менш інтенсивно і триваліше вилуговуються метали з фракцій –200 + 100 мм.Доведено, що основне місце при підземному блоковому вилуговуванні повинна посідати вибухова підготовка руди, що забезпечує ефективне вилучення металу із замагазинованих руд при коефіцієнті розпушування 1,15 > Кр < 1,2, який регулюється обсягом продукції, що випускається з блоку руди (до 30 %) і параметрами камер (довжина, ширина і висота). За рахунок залучення у виробництво некондиційних руд сировинна база видобутку металів на діючих шахтах може бути збільшена в 1,4–1,6 раза. Для нейтралізації і промивання відпрацьованої рудної маси рекомендовано обробляти її розчином вапна і шахтною водою через свердловини зрошувальної системи. Охорону гідрогеологічного середовища здійснювати шляхом замулювання глинистим розчином днища камери зі збору продуктивних розчинів та постійного моніторингу забруднення підземних вод у зоні впливу підземного блокового вилуговування. На основі отриманих позитивних результатів дослідження та впровадження технологій підземного блокового вилуговування металів із скельних руд при відпрацюванні блоку 5-86, відповідно до виданих рекомендацій, використаний такий же підхід і для блоків 5-84-86 та 5-88-90, а також промислово-експериментального блоку 1-75-79. Для промислового використання комбінованої традиційної технології розробки запасів родовищ варто розглянути можливість і доцільність долучення до видобутку та переробки некондиційних та позабалансових за вмістом корисних компонентів руд технологіями підземного блокового вилуговування металів.
Investigation of muscle activation during kinetic chain based exercises in individuals with and without forward head posture
Authors: Cobanoglu Gamze , Guzel Nevin A. , Ecemis Zeynep Berfu , Demirkan M. Yusuf
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: The Band Pull-Apart (BPA) exercise is used to strengthen the periscapular muscles. It was recently stated that the lower extremity and trunk movements should be included in the shoulder rehabilitation programs to optimize an effective energy transfer throughout the kinetic chain. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of kinetic chain based BPA exercise on the muscle activations of the sternocleidomasteideous (SCM) and the trapezius muscles in individuals with and without forward head posture (FHP). METHODS: Eighteen individuals with FHP and 18 individuals without FHP were included. Photographic measurements were made to identify individuals with FHP. The muscle activations of SCM, Upper Trapezius (UT), Middle Trapezius (MT), and Lower Trapezius (LT) were measured with surface EMG. BPA exercise was performed in the standing, unipedal standing, squat, unipedal squat, and Bulgarian split squat (BSS). RESULTS: There was no Group × Exercise interaction for the SCM, UT, MT, LT muscle activations, or for the UT/MT and UT/LT ratios (p> 0.05). While there was a difference in the activation of all muscles between individuals with and without FHP (p< 0.05), both ratios were similar (p> 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between exercises for SCM, MT, and LT muscle activations (p< 0.000 for these muscles), UT/MT (p< 0.000) and UT/LT ratios (p= 0.004). SCM muscle activation in squat was lower than activation in standing (Mean Difference (MD) = 2.5% Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contractions (MVIC); p= 0.004) and in unipedal standing (MD = 2.1% MVIC; p= 0.002). MT muscle activation in squat was higher than activation in standing (MD = 9.7% MVIC), unipedal standing (MD = 7.8% MVIC), unipedal squat (MD = 6.9% MVIC) and BSS (MD = 9.4% MVIC; p< 0.000 for these positions). LT muscle activation in the squat was higher than activation in the standing (MD = 8.5% MVIC) and unipedal squat (MD = 8.1% MVIC; p< 0.004 for these positions). UT/MT ratio in the squat was lower than standing (MD = 0.3), unipedal standing (MD = 0.2) and BSS (MD = 0.3; p< 0.000 for these positions). UT/LT ratio in squat was lower than unipedal squat (MD = 0.5) and BSS (MD = 0.6; p= 0.002; for these positions). CONCLUSION: Performing the BPA exercise in the squat position is suggested in cases where lower SCM and UT muscle activation, lower UT/MT, and UT/LT ratios and higher MT and LT muscle activations are needed for individuals with and without FHP.
An intelligent parking allocation framework for digital society 5.0
Authors: Velayuthapandian Karthikeyan , Veyilraj Mathavan , Jayakumaraj Marlin Abhishek
Published: July 2024

In recent smart city innovations, parking lot location has garnered a lot of focus. The issue of where to put cars has been the subject of a lot of literature. However, these efforts rely heavily on algorithms built on centralized servers using historical data as their basis. In this study, we propose a smart parking allocation system by fusing k-NN, decision trees, and random forests with the boosting techniques Adaboost and Catboost. Implementing the recommended intelligent parking distribution technique in Smart Society 5.0 offers promise as a practical means of handling parking in contemporary urban settings. Users will be given parking spots in accordance with their preferences and present locations as recorded in a centralized database using the proposed system’s hybrid algorithms. The evaluation of performance considers the effectiveness of both the ML classifier and the boosting technique, and it finds that the combination of Random Forest and Adaboost achieves 98% accuracy. Users and operators alike can benefit from the suggested method’s optimised parking allocation and pricing structure, which in turn provides more convenient and efficient parking options.
To GDP and beyond: The past and future history of the world’s most powerful statistical indicator
Authors: MacFeely Steve , van de Ven Peter , Peltola Anu
Published: July 2024

Gross domestic product (GDP) is unquestionably one of the most influential statistical indicators in history. It is more than a statistic – it not only measures the global economy but defines it. But from the outset there have been criticisms of GDP. Today there are a growing number of commentators arguing that GDP has outlived its usefulness. Their criticisms can be broadly categorized into three classes. The first are measurement problems within the existing framework arising from changes in the economy and society – most notably globalization and digitalization. The second set of criticisms deal with the limits of the SNA framework itself and are sometimes described by the catchall “Beyond GDP” and center on questions as to whether the SNA can or should measure well-being and sustainability. The third is that the construction of GDP promotes a ‘growth-at-all-costs’ ideology which works against environmental and social reforms.

This paper summarizes the origins of the SNA and GDP and some of the crucial events and thinking that helped shape its design. The most important criticisms and challenges that will shape the future development of the SNA are also outlined, in particular: globalization, digitalization, well-being and sustainability. As both well-being and sustainability go well beyond traditional measurements of the economy, the paper discusses whether it is possible to address at least some aspects of these issues within the SNA, either in the ‘core’ sequence of economic accounts, or through a broadened set of accounts. The paper concludes with an overview of the 2025 SNA update and new work beginning at the UN to encourage member states to move beyond GDP.
Analysis of risk factors and construction of a predictive model for macrosomia in deliveries with gestational diabetes
Authors: Dou Fengjiao , Tian Qingxiu , Zhang Ran
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes, a frequent pregnancy complication marked by elevated maternal blood glucose, can cause serious adverse effects for both mother and fetus, including increased amniotic fluid and risks of fetal asphyxia, hypoxia, and premature birth. OBJECTIVE: To construct a predictive model to analyze the risk factors for macrosomia in deliveries with gestational diabetes. METHODS: From January 2021 to February 2023, 362 pregnant women with gestational diabetes were selected for the study. They were followed up until delivery. Based on newborn birth weight, the participants were divided into the macrosomia group (birth weight ⩾ 4000 g) and the non-macrosomia group (birth weight < 4000 g). The data of the two groups of pregnant women were compared. ROC curves were plotted to analyze the predictive value of multiple factors for the delivery of macrosomic infants among pregnant women with gestational diabetes. A logistic regression model was constructed to identify the risk factors for delivering macrosomic infants and the model was tested. RESULTS: A total of 362 pregnant women with gestational diabetes were included, of which 58 (16.02%) had babies with macrosomia. The macrosomia group exhibited higher metrics in several areas compared to those without: pre-pregnancy BMI, fasting glucose, 1 h and 2 h OGTT sugar levels, weight gain during pregnancy, and levels of triglycerides, LDL-C, and HDL-C, all with significant differences (P< 0.05). ROC analysis revealed predictive value for macrosomia with AUCs of 0.761 (pre-pregnancy BMI), 0.710 (fasting glucose), 0.671 (1 h OGTT), 0.634 (2 h OGTT), 0.850 (weight gain), 0.837 (triglycerides), 0.742 (LDL-C), and 0.776 (HDL-C), indicating statistical significance (P< 0.05). Logistic regression identified high pre-pregnancy BMI, fasting glucose, weight gain, triglycerides, and LDL-C levels as independent risk factors for macrosomia, with odds ratios of 2.448, 2.730, 1.884, 16.919, and 5.667, respectively, and all were statistically significant (P< 0.05). The model’s AUC of 0.980 (P< 0.05) attests to its reliability and stability. CONCLUSION: The delivery of macrosomic infants in gestational diabetes may be related to factors such as body mass index before pregnancy, blood-glucose levels, gain weight during pregnancy, and lipid levels. Clinical interventions targeting these factors should be implemented to reduce the incidence of macrosomia.
From the Non-Living to the Death
Authors: Hoyos Mauricio , Maldonado Carlos Eduardo
Published: July 2024

This paper posits that life and death are two sides of one and the same process. Rather than considering states, we must adopt a process-oriented perspective. This article presents three speculative arguments. The first hypothesis suggests that existence is the strategy by which the universe manifests itself, and that the first tactic for activating this strategy is the simultaneity between life and non-life. The second hypothesis posits that consciousness is a stance of the living experience. The third hypothesis asserts that we are simultaneously alive and dead, but that we remain more time alive than dead. This is why we have the impression that we are alive. The paper is hence written in the first person. Speculation is a valid heuristic when there is no sufficient information available or when thinking ventures in a domain where the state-of-the-art is scarce.
Productive features of Holstein cows of different genetic lines
Authors: Loretc Ol'ga , Razhina Eva , Smirnova Ekaterina
Published: July 2024

Abstract. The purpose of the study is to investigate the productive features of Holstein cows of different genetic lines. Methods. The research was carried out in two breeding enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region on the livestock of Holstein cows. Groups of animals were formed by the method of pairs of analogues, taking into account the age of animals in lactation, physiological condition, live weight, lines of breeding bulls. The coefficient of milk content was estimated by the calculation method. The lactose, fat and protein content in milk was determined using a “Bentley 150” device. Somatic cells were determined on the “Somatos-M” device. Bacterial contamination was studied using a reductase assay. Prolactin was determined by enzyme immunoassay, cortisol by immunochemiluminescent method. Results. In terms of milk yield for 305 days of lactation and protein content in milk, Montwick Chieftain cows had an advantage with a significant difference between the groups (P < 0.05). The animals of the Reflection Sovering line were the best in terms of fat content, the difference between the groups was insignificant. The lowest content of somatic cells in milk and bacterial contamination was found in animals of the Reflection Sovering and Vis Back Idial lines. The best indicators of the leukocyte profile were determined in animals of the Vis Back Idial and Montwick Chieftain lines. In terms of glucose and total protein content in the blood, cows of the Montwick Chieftain line had an advantage, in terms of the amount of urea, animals of the Montwick Chieftain and Vis Back Idial line affiliation. The highest level of total lipids in the blood is typical for cows of the Reflection Sovering line. Scientific novelty. The research results indicate the relationship of biological characteristics and milk productivity with different lines of breeding bulls. The leukocyte profile of this herd of cows of different genetic lines in breeding enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region was studied for the first time. Practical significance. The results of the research can be used in breeding enterprises in order to increase the milk productivity of cows.
Augmenting Training Data for a Virtual Character Using GPT-3.5
Authors: Chen Elizabeth , Artstein Ron
Published: July 2024

This paper compares different methods of using a large language model (GPT-3.5) for creating synthetic training data for a retrieval-based conversational character. The training data are in the form of linked questions and answers, which allow a classifier to retrieve a pre-recorded answer to an unseen question; the intuition is that a large language model could predict what human users might ask, thus saving the effort of collecting real user questions as training data. Results show small improvements in test performance for all synthetic datasets. However, a classifier trained on only small amounts of collected user data resulted in a higher F-score than the classifiers trained on much larger amounts of synthetic data generated using GPT-3.5. Based on these results, we see a potential in using large language models for generating training data, but at this point it is not as valuable as collecting actual user data for training.
Improving Reinforcement Learning Experiments in Unity through Waypoint Utilization
Authors: Koresh Caleb , Ustun Volkan , Kumar Rajay , Aris Tim
Published: July 2024

Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) models teams of agents that learn by dynamically interacting with an environment and each other, presenting opportunities to train adaptive models for team-based scenarios. However, MARL algorithms pose substantial challenges due to their immense computational requirements. This paper introduces an automatically generated waypoint-based movement system to abstract and simplify complex environments in Unity while allowing agents to learn strategic cooperation. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, we utilized a simple scenario with heterogeneous roles in each team. We trained this scenario on variations of realistic terrains and compared learning between fine-grained (almost) continuous and waypoint-based movement systems. Our results indicate efficiency in learning and improved performance with waypoint-based navigation. Furthermore, our results show that waypoint-based movement systems can effectively learn differentiated behavior policies for heterogeneous roles in these experiments. These early exploratory results point out the potential of waypoint-based navigation for reducing the computational costs of developing and training MARL models in complex environments. The complete project with all scenarios and results is available on GitHub: https://github.com/HATS-ICT/ml-agents-dodgeball-env-ICT.
Training Reinforcement Learning Agents to React to an Ambush for Military Simulations
Authors: Aris Timothy , Ustun Volkan , Kumar Rajay
Published: July 2024

There is a need for realistic Opposing Forces (OPFOR)behavior in military training simulations. Current trainingsimulations generally only have simple, non-adaptivebehaviors, requiring human instructors to play the role ofOPFOR in any complicated scenario. This poster addressesthis need by focusing on a specific scenario: trainingreinforcement learning agents to react to an ambush. Itproposes a novel way to check for occlusion algorithmically.It shows vector fields showing the agent’s actions throughthe course of a training run. It shows that a single agentswitching between multiple goals is possible, at least in asimplified environment. Such an approach could reduce theneed to develop different agents for different scenarios.Finally, it shows a competent agent trained on a simplifiedReact to Ambush scenario, demonstrating the plausibility ofa scaled-up version.
Learning Strategies for Early Children with Special Needs
Authors: Salis Hijriyani Yuli , Andriani Fenty
Published: July 2024

This article is intended to reveal the importance of learning strategies for children with special needs. The results of literature review show that there are some learning strategies that can be used in the teaching and learning process for children with special needs. Those learning strategies cover: First, perceptual-motor training, such as training the ability to distinguish shapes, symbols, letters, etc. and training on the ability to remember. Second, auditive, such as training children to distinguish consonant and vowel sounds. Third, modeling which is a learning activity by following the styles of others as a model and being able to imitate the behavior of teachers or parents.
Implementasi Pembelajaran Kitab Fathul Qarib Aplikatif di Pondok Pesantren Darul Fiqhi Lamongan
Authors: Ahmad Victor Imaduddin , Husniyah Nur Iftitahul
Published: July 2024

Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana implementasi dan hasil pembelajaran kitab Fathul Qarib di Madrasah Diniyah Pondok Pesantren Darul Fiqhi Lamongan. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi, yang selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi pembelajaran kitab Fathul Qarib di Madrasah Diniyah Pondok Pesantren Darul Fiqhi Lamongan, dimulai dari kegiatan perencanaan; dilanjutkan pembelajaran inti dengan menggunakan empat metode, yakni sorogan, ceramah, bandongan dan diskusi; dan diakhiri dengan kegiatan penutup. Adapun hasil pembelajarannya dapat dilihat dari peningkatan pada empat kategori berikut: Pertama, Kemampuan santri dalam menulis makna kitab. Kedua, Kemampuan santri dalam membaca makna yang sudah ditulis dalam kitab. Ketiga, Kemampuan santri dalam memaknai kitab yang belum dimaknai oleh ustadz. Keempat, Kemampuan santri dalam memahami materi yang sudah diajarkan, terutama kemampuan mendiskusikan ilmu Fikih yang terkandung dalam kitab Fathul Qarib terkait kehidupan sehari-hari.
Sistem Perankingan di Lembaga Paud: Studi Analisis Kebutuhan Anak dan Tuntutan Masyarakat di Desa Ellak Laok Kec. Lenteng Kab. Sumenep
Authors: Naqiyah Barratun , Fajriana Afina , Basyirah Danil
Published: July 2024

Artikel ini menganalisa tingkat kebutuhan siswa dan tuntutan masyarakat (guru, orang tua) terhadap predikat ranking kelas di RA Miftahul Huda dan RA Al-Hilal yang berlokasi di Desa Ellak Laok, Kecamatan Lenteng, Kabupaten Sumenep. Artikel ini memakai pendekatan kualitatif, jenis penelitian studi kasus dan termasuk penelitian lapangan. Hasil penelitian menemukan: Pertama, rata-rata anak PAUD mengaitkan ranking dengan pemberian hadiah yang bersifat konkret, bukan prestasi belajar yang bersifat abstrak. Kedua, sebagian guru PAUD menyetujui sistem ranking dengan alasan untuk memotivasi belajar sekaligus tradisi yang turun-temurun, sedangkan sebagian guru PAUD lainnya tidak menyetujui sistem ranking dengan alasan mendiskriminasikan potensi siswa yang beraneka-ragam. Ketiga, mayoritas orang tua selaku wali murid PAUD tidak menyetujui sistem ranking bagi anaknya yang masih usia dini, karena dapat membebani anak maupun orang tuanya. Implikasinya, sistem ranking yang masih diterapkan di RA Miftahul Huda dan RA Al-Hilal, disarankan ditinjau ulang, demi memenuhi kebutuhan anak dan tuntutan masyarakat, sebagaimana tersaji pada artikel ini.
Pendidikan Karakter Antiradikalisme Melalui Internalisasi dan Ekternalisasi Nilai Pendidikan Agama Islam di SMA Islamic Village Tangerang
Authors: Muslim Ahmad Buchori , Lestari Fildza Husna
Published: July 2024

Artikel ini mengkaji proses internalisasi dan eksternalisasi nilai-nilai Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) dalam mempengaruhi karakter siswa untuk melawan radikalisme. Artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan sampel acak proporsional 200 siswa pada populasi seluruh siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) Islamic Village Tangerang, kemudian dianalisis dengan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) berdasarkan Partial Least Squares (PLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa internalisasi dan eksternalisasi nilai-nilai PAI berpengaruh terhadap karakter siswa dan dapat membendung radikalisme, sehingga tidak sampai masuk pada diri siswa. Implikasinya, internalisasi dan eksternalisasi nilai-nilai PAI merupakan pendekatan yang efektif untuk gerakan antiradikalisme.
Desain Perkuliahan Metodologi Studi Islam pada Program Pascasarjana Dirasah Islamiyah
Authors: Rosidin Rosidin
Published: July 2024

Artikel ini memberikan tawaran filosofis, metodologis dan praktis terkait desain perkuliahan Metodologi Studi Islam (MSI) yang relevan untuk diimplementasikan pada program Pascasarjana (Magister dan/atau Doktor) dengan konsentrasi atau jurusan Dirasah Islamiyah (Studi Islam). Desain perkuliahan yang ditawarkan, terdiri dari 13 tema perkuliahan, yang memuat Basis Filosofis, Metodologis dan Aplikatif dalam konteks studi Islam kontemporer. Temuan artikel ini ada tiga. Pertama, Basis Filosofis MSI membahas Logika Inkuiri versi Charles S. Pierce, Epistemologi Islam versi M. ‘Abid al-Jabiri dan Logika Sistem versi Jasser Auda. Kedua, Basis Metodologis MSI membahas pendekatan normatif dan deskriptif versi Charles J. Adams dan Richard C. Martin, pendekatan insider dan outsider versi Russel T. McCutheon dan Kim Knott, survei sejarah versi Ibrahim Abu Rabi’ serta hermeneutika versi Abdullah Saeed dan Khaled Abou El-Fadl. Ketiga, Basis Aplikatif MSI membahas tema Gender Mainstream versi Nasr Hamid Abu Zaid, Hukum Islam dan Hukum Internasional versi Mashood A. Baderin dan Fathi Osman, Salafisme Global versi Roel Meijer, Muslim Diaspora versi Steven Vertovec, Pendidikan Universal versi Fethullah Gulen dan Reformasi Ushul Fiqih versi Jasser Auda.
Pelaksanaan Evaluasi Pembelajaran pada Bimbel Global Educare Sangatta Kutai Timur
Authors: Yulianti Marsela , Widyanti Eka , Samsina Samsina
Published: July 2024

Artikel ini membahas tentang pelaksanaan evaluasi pembelajaran pada Bimbingan Belajar (Bimbel) Global Educare yang berlokasi di Kec. Sangatta Utara, Kab. Kutai Timur, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Tujuannya memperkaya informasi tentang evaluasi pembelajaran yang diterapkan di lembaga pendidikan nonformal seperti Bimbel, sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai data pembanding bagi evaluasi pembelajaran di lembaga formal seperti sekolah. Temuan artikel ini adalah: Pertama, evaluasi pembelajaran pada Bimbel Global Educare belum memenuhi standar ideal evaluasi pembelajaran pada tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan maupun ruang lingkup kompetensi yang dijadikan sasaran evaluasi. Kedua, evaluasi pembelajaran pada Bimbel Global Educare sudah memenuhi jenis evaluasi formatif dan sumatif, serta memenuhi standar pengawasan secara langsung dan secara tidak langsung.
Problematika Pendidikan Agama Islam dan Solusinya di Madrasah Aliyah Al-Ittihad Belung Poncokusumo Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Abdulloh Kamal  , Qomarudin A.
Published: July 2024

The implementation of Islamic education by educational units cannot be separated from various problems that arise, both problems related to the quality of education and its management. This article discusses the problems of Islamic Religious Education that occur at Madrasah Aliyah Al-Ittihad Belung District, Malang Regency, East Java Province. The approach used is a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study type of research. The results of this research show that there are two problematic factors, namely: first, internal factors which include facilities and infrastructure, students, educators, and curriculum; second, external factors which include the role of student parents, community involvement and government concern. So the solution and development offer is to complete the necessary facilities/facilities; increasing the competence of educators (teachers); developing students' learning motivation; develop and implement learning objectives optimally; and establishing good cooperation with parents, the community and the government