bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fast computation of time-dependent acoustic fields
Authors: Carley Michael , Ghorbaniasl Ghader
Published: November 2016

A method for the fast evaluation of time-dependent acoustic fields from complex sources is presented. The technique is based on a fast integration method for the boundary integral arising in a Kirchhoff formulation and requires a small, and roughly constant, computation time to compute a transient signal, at the expense of a pre-processing stage. In the calculations in this paper, based on test cases for a single rotor, a counter-rotating open rotor, and a broadband volume source, it is found that transient field calculations require an order of magnitude less computational time for the field from an array of 16 384 sources, a computational advantage that increases with source number.
Two tissue-resident progenitor lineages drive distinct phenotypes of heterotopic ossification
Authors: Dey Devaveena , Bagarova Jana , Hatsell Sarah J. , Armstrong Kelli A. , Huang Lily , Ermann Joerg , Vonner Ashley J. , Shen Yue , Mohedas Agustin H. , Lee Arthur , Eekhoff Elisabeth M. W. , van Schie Annelies , Demay Marie B. , Keller Charles , Wagers Amy J. , Economides Aris N. , Yu Paul B.
Published: November 2016

Tissue-specific manifestations of the congenital bone-forming syndrome FOP are mediated by multiple tissue-resident stem cell populations.
Lowered H3K27me3 and DNA hypomethylation define poorly prognostic pediatric posterior fossa ependymomas
Authors: Bayliss Jill , Mukherjee Piali , Lu Chao , Jain Siddhant U. , Chung Chan , Martinez Daniel , Sabari Benjamin , Margol Ashley S. , Panwalkar Pooja , Parolia Abhijit , Pekmezci Melike , McEachin Richard C. , Cieslik Marcin , Tamrazi Benita , Garcia Benjamin A. , La Rocca Gaspare , Santi Mariarita , Lewis Peter W. , Hawkins Cynthia , Melnick Ari , David Allis C. , Thompson Craig B. , Chinnaiyan Arul M. , Judkins Alexander R. , Venneti Sriram
Published: November 2016

A subset of childhood posterior fossa ependymomas with poor prognosis is epigenetically similar to H3K27M gliomas.
Mucosal BCG Vaccination Induces Protective Lung-Resident Memory T Cell Populations against Tuberculosis
Authors: Perdomo Carolina , Zedler Ulrike , Kühl Anja A. , Lozza Laura , Saikali Philippe , Sander Leif E. , Vogelzang Alexis , Kaufmann Stefan H. E. , Kupz Andreas
Published: November 2016

Mycobacterium bovis
Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis (TB), yet its moderate efficacy against pulmonary TB calls for improved vaccination strategies. Mucosal BCG vaccination generates superior protection against TB in animal models; however, the mechanisms of protection remain elusive. Tissue-resident memory T (T
RM
) cells have been implicated in protective immune responses against viral infections, but the role of T
RM
cells following mycobacterial infection is unknown. Using a mouse model of TB, we compared protection and lung cellular infiltrates of parenteral and mucosal BCG vaccination. Adoptive transfer and gene expression analyses of lung airway cells were performed to determine the protective capacities and phenotypes of different memory T cell subsets. In comparison to subcutaneous vaccination, intratracheal and intranasal BCG vaccination generated T effector memory and T
RM
cells in the lung, as defined by surface marker phenotype. Adoptive mucosal transfer of these airway-resident memory T cells into naive mice mediated protection against TB. Whereas airway-resident memory CD4
+
T cells displayed a mixture of effector and regulatory phenotype, airway-resident memory CD8
+
T cells displayed prototypical T
RM
features. Our data demonstrate a key role for mucosal vaccination-induced airway-resident T cells in the host defense against pulmonary TB. These results have direct implications for the design of refined vaccination strategies.

IMPORTANCE
BCG remains the only licensed vaccine against TB. Parenterally administered BCG has variable efficacy against pulmonary TB, and thus, improved prevention strategies and a more refined understanding of correlates of vaccine protection are required. Induction of memory T cells has been shown to be essential for protective TB vaccines. Mimicking the natural infection route by mucosal vaccination has been known to generate superior protection against TB in animal models; however, the mechanisms of protection have remained elusive. Here we performed an in-depth analysis to dissect the immunological mechanisms associated with superior mucosal protection in the mouse model of TB. We found that mucosal, and not subcutaneous, BCG vaccination generates lung-resident memory T cell populations that confer protection against pulmonary TB. We establish a comprehensive phenotypic characterization of these populations, providing a framework for future vaccine development.
Functional Interplay Between Murine Leukemia Virus Glycogag, Serinc5, and Surface Glycoprotein Governs Virus Entry, with Opposite Effects on Gammaretroviral and Ebolavirus Glycoproteins
Authors: Ahi Yadvinder S. , Zhang Shu , Thappeta Yashna , Denman Audrey , Feizpour Amin , Gummuluru Suryaram , Reinhard Bjoern , Muriaux Delphine , Fivash Matthew J. , Rein Alan
Published: November 2016

Gammaretroviruses, such as murine leukemia viruses (MLVs), encode, in addition to the canonical Gag, Pol, and Env proteins that will form progeny virus particles, a protein called “glycogag” (glycosylated Gag). MLV glycogag contains the entire Gag sequence plus an 88-residue N-terminal extension. It has recently been reported that glycogag, like the Nef protein of HIV-1, counteracts the antiviral effects of the cellular protein Serinc5. We have found, in agreement with prior work, that glycogag strongly enhances the infectivity of MLVs with some Env proteins but not those with others. In contrast, however, glycogag was detrimental to MLVs carrying Ebolavirus glycoprotein. Glycogag could be replaced, with respect to viral infectivity, by the unrelated S2 protein of equine infectious anemia virus. We devised an assay for viral entry in which virus particles deliver the Cre recombinase into cells, leading to the expression of a reporter. Data from this assay showed that both the positive and the negative effects of glycogag and S2 upon MLV infectivity are exerted at the level of virus entry. Moreover, transfection of the virus-producing cells with a Serinc5 expression plasmid reduced the infectivity and entry capability of MLV carrying xenotropic MLV Env, particularly in the absence of glycogag. Conversely, Serinc5 expression abrogated the negative effects of glycogag upon the infectivity and entry capability of MLV carrying Ebolavirus glycoprotein. As Serinc5 may influence cellular phospholipid metabolism, it seems possible that all of these effects on virus entry derive from changes in the lipid composition of viral membranes.

IMPORTANCE
Many murine leukemia viruses (MLVs) encode a protein called “glycogag.” The function of glycogag is not fully understood, but it can assist HIV-1 replication in the absence of the HIV-1 protein Nef under some circumstances. In turn, Nef counteracts the cellular protein Serinc5. Glycogag enhances the infectivity of MLVs with some but not all MLV Env proteins (which mediate viral entry into the host cell upon binding to cell surface receptors). We now report that glycogag acts by enhancing viral entry and that, like Nef, glycogag antagonizes Serinc5. Surprisingly, the effects of glycogag and Serinc5 upon the entry and infectivity of MLV particles carrying an Ebolavirus glycoprotein are the opposite of those observed with the MLV Env proteins. The unrelated S2 protein of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is functionally analogous to glycogag in our experiments. Thus, three retroviruses (HIV-1, MLV, and EIAV) have independently evolved accessory proteins that counteract Serinc5.
Acute oesophageal necrosis in a young man with cocaine and alcohol abuse
Authors: Pineo Caleb Evans , Pineo Thomas Zeitler
Published: November 2016

We report a case of acute oesophageal necrosis (AEN) and non-occlusive mesenteric ischaemia in an otherwise healthy 30-year-old man with cocaine and alcohol abuse. Although cocaine might be expected more frequently to cause oesophageal necrosis through sympathomimetic vasoconstriction, this is only the second known case report of AEN in a patient with cocaine abuse. His symptoms at presentation included epigastric abdominal pain, haematemesis and generalised weakness. He developed moderate neutropenia and severe lactic acidosis. Treatment consisted of intravenous proton-pump inhibitors, granulocyte colony stimulating factor, broad-spectrum antibiotics and ultimately exploratory laparotomy after his condition worsened. He died within 24 hours of presentation from a combination of systemic inflammatory response syndrome, acute respiratory distress syndrome and disseminated intravascular coagulation. AEN was discovered postmortem. We conclude that AEN should be suspected in any patient with haematemesis and substance abuse, and discovery of AEN should prompt a thorough evaluation for potentially lethal comorbid conditions.
Tuberculosis presenting as a ‘swollen calf’
Authors: Kotecha Deevia , Sardar Mini , Latimer Mark David
Published: November 2016

We report the case of an 83-year-old man who presented with swelling of his left lower leg. Subsequent investigations revealed that the swelling was due to aMycobacterium tuberculosisabscess in the tibialis anterior muscle.
Partial interhemispheric disconnection syndrome (P-IHDS) secondary to Marchiafava-Bignami disease type B (MBD-B)
Authors: Canepa Carlo , Arias Lorena
Published: November 2016

A 53-year-old man with a 35-year history of excessive alcohol intake presents to our neurology department with 4-year history of progressive neurocognitive deterioration and disconnection syndrome. MRI head demonstrates extensive demyelination of the corpus callosum (and of extracallosal sites as well), leading to a diagnosis of Marchiafava-Bignami disease. He was given treatment with vitamin B complex (including folate) and was assessed and managed by psychology, occupational therapy and physiotherapy with initial signs of improvement.
Iatrogenic parafoveal macular hole following Nd-YAG posterior hyaloidotomy for premacular haemorrhage
Authors: Bypareddy Ravi , Chawla Rohan , Azad Shorya Vardhan , Takkar Brijesh
Published: November 2016

Premacular sub-internal limiting membrane (sub-ILM) haemorrhage is a known cause of sudden profound loss of vision. Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (ND-YAG) posterior hyaloidotomy is an inexpensive, effective and safe treatment modality for rapid drainage of haemorrhage covering the macula. An 18-year-old male patient presented to us with a history of Nd-YAG posterior hyaloidotomy for Valsalva-related premacular bleed. At the posterior pole, a cavity formed by the detached ILM with a central defect in ILM-posterior hyaloid complex was evident. High-definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT) showed normal foveal contour with a parafoveal macular hole. Hence, good clinical judgement, appropriate positioning of hyaloidotomy and use of lowest possible energy level is the key to a successful and safe laser drainage of a premacular haemorrhage.
PAI-1 polymorphism as a cause of severe high altitude associated arteriovenous thrombosis
Authors: Nair Velu , Yanamandra Uday , Kumud Rai , Ghosh Kanjakya
Published: November 2016

We present a 34-year-old man who developed disseminated intra-arterial and venous thrombosis following exposure to extreme high altitude. On evaluation, the patient was found to have thrombosis involving the aorta, bilateral iliac arteries and middle cerebral artery. On detailed evaluation for the cause of recurrent seizures, he was also found to have cerebral venous thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus. The patient underwent amputation of 3 limbs due to gangrene. Procoagulant work up revealed increased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity with 4G/4G polymorphism. This case highlights the life-threatening and limb-threatening thrombosis secondary to a rare inherited thrombophilia on exposure to extreme high altitude.
Pyopneumothorax secondary toStreptococcus milleriinfection
Authors: Che Rahim Mohd Jazman , Mohammad Nurashikin , Wan Ghazali Wan Syamimee
Published: November 2016

We report a case of a 46-year-old Malay woman with underlying hypothyroidism post thyroidectomy who presented with worsening breathlessness, orthopnoea, productive cough and left-sided pleuritic chest pain of 3 days duration. Chest X-ray on admission showed left-sided massive hydropneumothorax. Pleural tapping revealed empyema. A chest tube was inserted immediately. The culture of pleural fluid grewStreptococcus constellatus. The patient was treated with antibiotics for a total of 6 weeks and underwent open thoracotomy and decortication during admission. Subsequently, her lung condition improved and there was no evidence of recurrence during follow-up.
Father involvement in early child-rearing and behavioural outcomes in their pre-adolescent children: evidence from the ALSPAC UK birth cohort
Authors: Opondo Charles , Redshaw Maggie , Savage-McGlynn Emily , Quigley Maria A
Published: November 2016

Objective

To explore the nature of paternal involvement in early child-rearing adopting a social developmental perspective, and estimate its effect on behavioural outcomes of children aged 9 and 11 years.

Setting

The data come from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort recruited in the former county of Avon in the southwest of England.

Participants

Out of the 14 701 children in this cohort who were alive at 1 year, 10 440 children were living with both parents at 8 months and were therefore eligible. Outcome data were available for 6898 children at 9 years and 6328 children at 11 years.

Main exposure

Paternal involvement was measured using factor scores obtained through factor analysis of fathers’ responses on their participation in, understanding of, and feelings about their child's early upbringing.

Outcome

Behavioural problems were measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) total difficulties score.

Results

3 factors were identified in the factor analysis: Factor 1 described fathers’ emotional response to the child; factor 2 measured the frequency of fathers’ involvement in domestic and childcare activities; factor 3 characterised fathers’ feelings of security in their role as parent and partner. Children of fathers with high scores on factors 1 and 3 had 14% (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.94, p=0.001) and 13% (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.96, p=0.006), respectively, lower adjusted odds of behavioural problems at 9 years. Factors 1 and 3 were associated with comparable reduction in adjusted odds of behavioural problems at 11 years (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.98, p=0.017 and OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.99, p=0.034, respectively). Factor 2 was not associated with the outcome.

Conclusions

Psychological and emotional aspects of paternal involvement in children's early upbringing, particularly how new fathers see themselves as parents and adjust to the role, rather than the quantity of direct involvement in childcare, is associated with positive behavioural outcomes in children.
Low fitness, low body mass and prior injury predict injury risk during military recruit training: a prospective cohort study in the British Army
Authors: Robinson Mark , Siddall Andrew , Bilzon James , Thompson Dylan , Greeves Julie , Izard Rachel , Stokes Keith
Published: November 2016

Background

Injuries sustained by military recruits during initial training impede training progression and military readiness while increasing financial costs. This study investigated training-related injuries and injury risk factors among British Army infantry recruits.

Methods

Recruits starting infantry training at the British Army Infantry Training Centre between September 2008 and March 2010 were eligible to take part. Information regarding lifestyle behaviours and injury history was collected using the Military Pre-training Questionnaire. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, physical fitness and injury (lower limb and lower back) data were obtained from Army databases. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models were used to explore the association between time to first training injury and potential risk factors.

Results

58% (95% CI 55% to 60%) of 1810 recruits sustained at least 1 injury during training. Overuse injuries were more common than traumatic injuries (65% and 35%, respectively). The lower leg accounted for 81% of all injuries, and non-specific soft tissue damage was the leading diagnosis (55% of all injuries). Injuries resulted in 122 (118 to 126) training days lost per 1000 person-days. Slower 2.4 km run time, low body mass, past injury and shin pain were independently associated with higher risk of any injury.

Conclusions

There was a high incidence of overuse injuries in British Army recruits undertaking infantry training. Recruits with lower pretraining fitness levels, low body mass and past injuries were at higher risk. Faster 2.4 km run time performance and minimal body mass standards should be considered for physical entry criteria.
Can patient-reported measurements of pain be used to improve cancer pain management? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Adam Rosalind , Burton Christopher D , Bond Christine M , de Bruin Marijn , Murchie Peter
Published: November 2016

Purpose

Cancer pain is a distressing and complex experience. It is feasible that the systematic collection and feedback of patient-reported outcome measurements (PROMs) relating to pain could enhance cancer pain management. We aimed to conduct a systematic review of interventions in which patient-reported pain data were collected and fed back to patients and/or professionals in order to improve cancer pain control.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases were searched for randomised and non-randomised controlled trials in which patient-reported data were collected and fed back with the intention of improving pain management by adult patients or professionals. We conducted a narrative synthesis. We also conducted a meta-analysis of studies reporting pain intensity.

Results

29 reports from 22 trials of 20 interventions were included. PROM measures were used to alert physicians to poorly controlled pain, to target pain education and to link treatment to management algorithms. Few interventions were underpinned by explicit behavioural theories. Interventions were inconsistently applied or infrequently led to changes in treatment. Narrative synthesis suggested that feedback of PROM data tended to increase discussions between patients and professionals about pain and/or symptoms overall. Meta-analysis of 12 studies showed a reduction in average pain intensity in intervention group participants compared with controls (mean difference=−0.59 (95% CI −0.87 to −0.30)).

Conclusions

Interventions that assess and feedback cancer pain data to patients and/or professionals have so far led to modest reductions in cancer pain intensity. Suggestions are given to inform and enhance future PROM feedback interventions.
The role of lymph node size and FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in node-negative colon cancer
Authors: Märkl Bruno , Paul Beate , Schaller Tina , Kretsinger Hallie , Kriening Bernadette , Schenkirsch Gerhard
Published: November 2016

Recently, we demonstrated that the intratumoural density of CD3+ and CD8+ T cells is independently prognostic and associated with lymph node (LN) harvest and LN size in node-negative colon cancer. We assumed that FOXP3+ T cells (Tregs) could be inversely associated with these LN features. Therefore, we performed a retrospective immunohistochemical analysis using an already well-characterised collection of stage I/II colon cancer cases. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed the optimal cut-off for predicting cancer-related death to be 70 FOXP3+ Tregs/mm2at the invasion front. Other than T-stage, none of the relevant histopathological parameters were associated with the density of FOXP3+ cells. In particular, no relation to LN size and count were found. Cancer-specific survival was significantly improved in cases with high densities (115 vs 86 months; p=0.026) in univariable but not in multivariable analysis. In contrast to other cancers, FOXP3+ T cells are associated with a favourable outcome.
Experimental study of the progressive collapse mechanism of excavations retained by cantilever piles
Authors: Cheng X.S. , Zheng G. , Diao Y. , Huang T.M. , Deng C.H. , Nie D.Q. , Lei Y.W.
Published: November 2016

An increasing number of catastrophic progressive collapses of deep excavations have occurred throughout the world. However, the research on progressive collapse mechanisms is limited. In this paper, two categories of model tests were conducted to investigate the mechanism of partial collapse (sudden failures of certain retaining piles) and progressive collapse. The model test results show that partial collapse can cause a sudden increase in the bending moments of adjacent piles via an arching effect. The load-transfer coefficients are defined to be equal to the peak increase ratios of the maximum bending moments in adjacent piles (peak moments caused by collapse over the values before the collapse). When the maximum load-transfer coefficient is larger than the bearing capacity safety factor of the piles, the partial failure will lead to progressive collapse. The influential factors of the progressive collapse mechanism, such as the partial collapse extent, excavation depth, and capping beam, were also investigated. During progressive collapse, the previous failed pile could cause new stress arching; simultaneously, the soil behind certain nearest intact piles could become loosened and destroy the arch springing of the stress arching, causing the progressive collapse to cease gradually.
Ring fusion isomers of dithienoborepins: perturbations of electronic structure, aromaticity, and reactivity in boron-containing polycyclic heteroaromatics
Authors: Levine David R. , Messersmith Reid E. , Siegler Maxime A. , Tovar John D.
Published: November 2016

Through a combination of rational design and synthetic serendipity, two new structural isomers of the dithienoborepin (DTB) architecture have been realized. Unlike previous members of this family, these boron-containing polycyclic aromatics are unsymmetrical with respect to the fusion orientation of the central borepin and flanking thiophene rings. Characterization of the unsymmetrical dithienoborepins through spectroscopic, crystallographic, electrochemical, and computational methods reveal that the electronics, aromaticity, and chemical reactivity can differ subtly (as for DTB 3) or in dramatic fashion (DTB 4) throughout the series, as dictated by the nature of the unique π-conjugation in each structure. Synthetic elaboration of the three most closely related DTB isomers (1, 2, and 3) into π-extended derivatives by Pd-catalyzed cross-couplings revealed an enhancement in their inherent electronic property differences, demonstrating the feasibility of such an approach for molecular property tuning.
Molecular cytogenetics identification of a wheat –Leymus mollisdouble disomic addition line with stripe rust resistance
Authors: Zhang Aicen , Li Wanyue , Wang Changyou , Yang Xiaofei , Chen Chunhuan , Zhu Chen , Peng Nana , Tian Zengrong , Wang Yajuan , Zhang Hong , Liu Xinlun , Ji Wanquan
Published: November 2016

Leymus mollis (Trin.) Pilg. (2n = 4x = 28, NsNsXmXm) possesses a number of valuable genes against biotic and abiotic stress, which could be transferred into common wheat background for wheat improvement. In the present study, we determined the karyotypic constitution of a wheat – L. mollis double disomic addition line, M11003-4-4-1-1, selected from the F5progeny of a stable wheat – L. mollis derivative M39 (2n = 56) × Triticum aestivum cultivar 7182, by morphological and cytogenetic identification, GISH (genomic in situ hybridization), FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization), molecular markers analysis, and stripe rust resistance evaluation. Cytological studies demonstrated that M11003-4-4-1-1 had a chromosome karyotype of 2n = 46 with 23 bivalents, while GISH and FISH analysis indicated that this line contained 42 common wheat chromosomes and two pairs of L. mollis chromosomes. DNA markers showed that the alien chromosomes from L. mollis belonged to homoeologous groups 5 and 6. Evaluation of the agronomic traits revealed that M11003-4-4-1-1 was resistant to stripe rust at the adult stage, while the plant height was reduced and the 1000-grain weight was increased significantly. Therefore, the new line M11003-4-4-1-1 could be exploited as an important bridge material in chromosome engineering and wheat breeding.
An improved network model for railway traffic
Authors: Li Keping , Ma Xin , Shao Fubo
Published: November 2016

In railway traffic, safety analysis is a key issue for controlling train operation. Here, the identification and order of key factors are very important. In this paper, a new network model is constructed for analyzing the railway safety, in which nodes are regarded as causation factors and links represent possible relationships among those factors. Our aim is to give all these nodes an importance order, and to find the in-depth relationship among these nodes including how failures spread among them. Based on the constructed network model, we propose a control method to ensure the safe state by setting each node a threshold. As the results, by protecting the Hub node of the constructed network, the spreading of railway accident can be controlled well. The efficiency of such a method is further tested with the help of numerical example.
The origin of ferromagnetism of Co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles: Experiments and theory investigation
Authors: Zhang Suyin , Zhou Zhongpo , Xiong Rui , Shi Jing , Lu Zhihong , Wang Haiying
Published: November 2016

A series of Ti[Formula: see text]Co[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07) nanoparticles were synthesized by sol–gel method. The X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Raman analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ruled out the signatures of Ti[Formula: see text], Co-clusters or any other oxides of Co. The ferromagnetic behavior was clearly observed at room temperature in doped samples with saturation magnetization [Formula: see text] of the order of 0.008–0.035 emu/g depending on doping concentrations. The saturation magnetization is found to be increased with the Co contents increasing from 1% to 7%. From the plot of the M–T curve, we obtain the [Formula: see text] as [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]515 K for 5% Co-doped TiO2. Oxygen vacancies were detected from the photoluminescence (PL) measurement. Magnetic properties analyses and PL analyses showed that oxygen vacancies probably played a major role in ferromagnetism of the Ti[Formula: see text]Co[Formula: see text]O2 system with Co substituting for Ti. The first-principles calculation was performed to investigate the magnetic properties of Co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. It can be found that the major magnetic moment is from the 3d electron of Co. The experiment results are consistent with the first-principles calculation. The ferromagnetism derived from the spin-split of O-2p and Co-3d electron states caused by p–d orbit hybridization.
Retinal Vessel Segmentation Combined Two-Dimensional Entropy Method and Double Populations Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Li , Wu Kai-Teng , Zhang Tao
Published: November 2016

In order to overcome the disadvantages such as finite sampling space and local optimal of genetic algorithm, the main objective of this paper is to combine double populations genetic algorithm and two-dimensional maximum entropy threshold method for retinal vessels segmentation. The proposed method is able to segment retinal vessels image accurately and keep connectivity and smoothness of vessels through the numerical experiments. Numerical results show that the combined algorithm has faster convergence speed, higher calculation accuracy, stronger noise resistance and better performance in reserving pathological information compared with other algorithms.
Genetic Simulated Annealing-Based Kernel Vector Quantization Algorithm
Authors: Zhao Mengling , Yin Xinyu , Yue Huiping
Published: November 2016

Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been successfully applied to codebook design for vector quantization and its candidate solutions are normally turned by LBG algorithm. In this paper, to solve premature phenomenon and falling into local optimum of GA, a new Genetic Simulated Annealing-based Kernel Vector Quantization (GSAKVQ) is proposed from a different point of view. The simulated annealing (SA) method proposed in this paper can approach the optimal solution faster than the other candidate approaches. In the frame of GA, firstly, a new special crossover operator and a mutation operator are designed for the partition-based code scheme, and then a SA operation is introduced to enlarge the exploration of the proposed algorithm, finally, the Kernel function-based fitness is introduced into GA in order to cluster those datasets with complex distribution. The proposed method has been extensively compared with other algorithms on 17 datasets clustering and four image compression problems. The experimental results show that the algorithm can achieve its superiority in terms of clustering correct rate and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and the robustness of algorithm is also very good. In addition, we took “Lena” as an example and added Gaussian noise into the original image then adopted the proposed algorithm to compress the image with noise. Compared to the original image with noise, the reconstructed image is more distinct, and with the parameter value increasing, the value of PSNR decreases.
Robust Adaptive Learning Control for Spacecraft Autonomous Proximity Maneuver
Authors: Wu Shunan , Wen Shenghui , Liu Yuliang , Zhang Kaiming
Published: November 2016

The robust adaptive learning control for spacecraft autonomous proximity is investigated in this paper. The relative motion dynamics is firstly proposed and transformed into the state space representation. An adaptive learning controller that allows performing autonomous proximity maneuvers in the presence of uncertain orbital parameters is then developed. The unknown disturbances are considered, and a modified adaptive learning controller is therefore designed in the presence of uncertain parameters and unknown disturbances. The asymptotic stability of the proposed controllers for the closed-loop systems is proven based on the Lyapunov theory. Different numerical results are finally provided and compared to illustrate the performance of the proposed adaptive learning controllers.
CAVITATION AND ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN SEAWATER BY WATER CAVITATION PEENING OF 5083-O Al ALLOY FOR SHIPS
Authors: HYUN KOANGYONG , KIM SEONG-JONG
Published: November 2016

Aluminum (Al) alloy ships are vulnerable to both damage from chlorine ions in seawater environments and cavitation-erosion due to fast relative motion of metal and liquid resulting from lightweight and high-speed vessels moving through seawater. These corrosive processes cause damage to the hulls of ships, resulting in large economic losses. Recently, cavitation peening technology to improve the durability of a material has been in development. The technology works by forming compressive residual stress on the surface layer of the material in order to improve fatigue strength and fatigue life. In this study, we performed a water cavitation peening (WCP) on a 5083-O Al alloy for ships by applying an ultrasonic piezoelectric effect and cavitation effect, as described in ASTM-G32. From these experiments, we determined an optimum WCP duration, 2.5[Formula: see text]min, for sufficient cavitation resistance characteristics. This timing improved cavitation resistance by 48.68% compared to the untreated condition. A comprehensive comparison of all of results revealed that the optimum WCP duration was 3[Formula: see text]min with respect to the point of cavitation and corrosion resistance.
About a Serre-type condition for modules
Authors: Tabejamaat Samaneh , Mafi Amir
Published: November 2016

Let [Formula: see text] be a commutative Noetherian ring with nonzero identity and [Formula: see text] be a finitely generated [Formula: see text]-module. This note gives some necessary and sufficient conditions of a module to satisfy the Serre-type condition [Formula: see text].
Properties of generalized strongly Drazin invertible elements in general rings
Authors: Gürgün Orhan
Published: November 2016

In this paper, we define the generalized strong Drazin inverse in a general ring and investigate this class of inverses. Thus, recent results on the strong Drazin invertible and generalized strong Drazin invertible elements are extended to a more general setting. In particular, we show that [Formula: see text] is generalized strong Drazin invertible in a general ring [Formula: see text] if and only if there exists an idempotent [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is quasinilpotent in [Formula: see text]. We also prove that if [Formula: see text] is generalized Drazin invertible in [Formula: see text] for some [Formula: see text], so are [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. This partially answer to a question posed by Mosić.
Parametrizing Arf numerical semigroups
Authors: García-Sánchez P. A. , Heredia B. A. , Karakaş H. İ. , Rosales J. C.
Published: November 2016

We present procedures to calculate the set of Arf numerical semigroups with given genus, given conductor and given genus and conductor. We characterize the Kunz coordinates of an Arf numerical semigroup. We also describe Arf numerical semigroups with fixed Frobenius number and multiplicity up to 7.
Right ADA algebras
Authors: Alvares Edson Ribeiro , Assem Ibrahim , Castonguay Diane , Vargas Rosana R. S.
Published: November 2016

We introduce and study the class of right ADA algebras. An artin algebra is right ADA if every indecomposable projective module lies in the left or in the right part of its module category. We study the Auslander–Reiten components of a right ADA algebra which is not quasi-tilted and prove that they are of three types: components of the left and of the right support, and transitional components each containing a right section.
Torsion gravity for Dirac fields
Authors: Fabbri Luca
Published: November 2016

In this paper, we will take into account the most complete background with torsion and curvature, providing the most exhaustive coupling for the Dirac field, we will discuss the integrability of the interaction of the matter field and the reduction of the matter field equations.
USING STARTUP COMMUNICATION FOR OPPORTUNITY RECOGNITION — AN APPROACH TO IDENTIFY FUTURE PRODUCT TRENDS
Authors: SIMON HAUKE , LEKER JENS
Published: November 2016

A company’s ability to recognise early-stage opportunities and to understand the dynamics of emerging markets determines the success or failure of new products. Particularly the emergence of new information technology and social media networks provide ample opportunities to leverage a massive amount of data for managerial purposes. However, managers still meet using social media with skepticism and it is not fully understood how to make use of this information for new product development. We introduce a new method on how to use large-scale internet data as a complement to traditional approaches (patent or publication analysis and surveys) to overcome their shortcomings in terms of speed, dynamic and expense to conduct. More specifically, we propose that social media communication of startups can give valuable indications about future product trends especially in rapidly developing fields. Our approach measures the awareness of startups — and their products — as the increase of the communication about the startup on Twitter. Startup communication is a particularly well-suited indicator because startups develop new-to-the-world products or are in the development process. We illustrate our approach by analysing the communication of 545 startups. On a holistic level we determine industry trends. Fintech is among the topics that increase significantly in relevance. We determine more specific categories within the industries by applying cosine-similarity metrics and hierarchical cluster analysis. Subsequently we determine NPD relevant trends by the increase of retweets within these categories. The growing customer awareness of these clusters shows newly evolving customer needs. Incumbents may use this information to adjust to their current portfolio or to find collaboration partners to best meet upcoming challenges and opportunities. We think that the approach can be transferred to a multitude of fields, helping with the analysis of emerging fields and with early stage opportunity recognition.
Impact of discontinuous harvesting policies on prey–predator system with Hassell–Varley-type functional response
Authors: Luo Daozhong , Wang Dongshu
Published: November 2016

In this paper, a delayed prey–predator model with discontinuous harvesting policies is investigated, in which the predator population consumes the prey according to Hassell–Varley-type functional response. Under some reasonable assumptions on the discontinuous harvesting functions, the local existence and global existence of positive solution in sense of Filippov to the system are obtained. Based on the functional differential inclusions theory and the topological degree theory of set-valued analysis, a series of useful criteria on existence and non-existence of the positive periodic solution is established for the system. Finally, some numerical examples are given to show the applicability and effectiveness of the obtained results. It is worthy to point out that the discontinuous harvesting policies are superior to continuous harvesting policies, which are usually adopted in previous papers.
Effect of multiple delays on the dynamics of cannibalistic prey–predator system with disease in both populations
Authors: Biswas Santosh , Samanta Sudip , Khan Qamar J. A. , Chattopadhyay Joydev
Published: November 2016

In the present paper, we investigate a prey–predator system with disease in both prey and predator populations and the predator population is cannibalistic in nature. The model is extended by introducing incubation delays in disease transmission terms. Local stability analysis of the system around the biologically feasible equilibria is studied. The bifurcation analysis of the system around the interior equilibrium is also studied. The sufficient conditions for the permanence of the system are derived in the presence of delays. We observe that incubation delays have the ability to destabilize the cannibalistic prey–predator system. Finally, we perform numerical experiments to substantiate our analytical findings.
Competition Between Anti-Phase Boundaries and Charge-Orbital Ordering in Epitaxial Stepped Fe3O4(100) Thin Films
Authors: Wu Han-Chun , Liu Xiao , Coileáin Cormac Ó. , Xu Hongjun , Abid Mourad , Abid Mohamed , Syrlybekov Askar , Mauit Ozhet , Shvets Igor V. , Sofin R. G. S. , Cho Jiung , Chun Byong Sun , Liu Huajun
Published: November 2016

Magnetite is a highly utilized transition metal oxide with many interesting magnetic and transport properties. The presence of anti-phase boundaries (APBs) and charge-orbital ordering (COO) are two of the most exciting properties of epitaxial magnetite thin films. Here, epitaxial stepped Fe3O4 films were prepared to investigate the competition between APBs and COO via measurements of in-plane anisotropy. The anisotropy was probed for two orthogonal configurations, with magnetic field applied or electrical-contacts aligned either along or perpendicular to the steps. We reveal that the APBs dominate the magnetic and transport properties of the films above the Verwey transition temperature ([Formula: see text]. However, below [Formula: see text] film thickness becomes a decisive factor in determining the magnetic nature of stepped magnetite films, due to its correlation with domain size. When the film is thinner than a critical thickness, the anisotropy is dominated by the APBs, and a higher anisotropy constant and MR ratio are observed when the magnetic field or contacts are oriented along the steps. Conversely, for sufficiently thick films, below [Formula: see text], the magnetic and electrical transport properties are dominated by COO. Thus a higher anisotropy constant and MR ratio are observed when the magnetic field or contacts are oriented perpendicular to the steps.
Middle Jurassic shear zones at Cap de Creus (eastern Pyrenees, Spain): a record of pre-drift extension of the Piemonte–Ligurian Ocean?
Authors: Vissers Reinoud L. M. , van Hinsbergen Douwe J. J. , Wilkinson Camilla M. , Ganerød Morgan
Published: November 2016

The Cap de Creus peninsula in NE Spain consists of greenschist- to amphibolite-facies metasediments and granitoid bodies of the Variscan Axial Zone of the Pyrenees, overprinted in the north by anastomosed greenschist-facies shear zones. Current tectonic interpretations ascribe these shear zones to the waning stages of the Variscan orogeny. We present muscovite
40
Ar/
39
Ar data from the shear zones, yielding Middle Jurassic ages between 159.33 ± 0.43 and 175.18 ± 1.10 Ma and one Tertiary age of 58.57 ± 0.55 Ma. We suggest that the present-day structure at Cap de Creus resulted from Variscan deformation and HT–LP metamorphism, followed during the Jurassic by crustal stretching and development of ductile normal faults reflecting pre-drift continental extension related to opening of the Piemonte–Ligurian basin east of Iberia. Tilting during Alpine convergence caused steepening in the northern part of the penisula, with the ductile normal faults rotated to their present orientations appearing as dextral reverse shear zones. The shear zone yielding a Tertiary age could reflect either an Alpine structure or reactivation of an earlier, presumably Jurassic shear zone. The Cap de Creus structure may thus represent a continental margin that has undergone ductile stretching equivalent to the now-buried west Iberian or Newfoundland margin.
Gravity modelling to assess salt tectonics in the western end of the South Pyrenean Central Unit
Authors: Santolaria Pablo , Casas-Sainz Antonio M. , Soto Ruth , Casas Albert
Published: November 2016

A new gravity survey (almost 900 new sites and more than 4000 sites from previous studies) reveals the existence of Pyrenean-oriented long-wavelength residual gravity anomalies ranging from −18 to 28 mGal, associated with frontal structures, and short-wavelength gravity lows (up to −16 mGal) distributed along an oblique zone in the western sector of the South Pyrenean Central Unit of the Spanish Pyrenees. These clearly correlate with the occurrence of several bodies and diapirs of Triassic evaporites and mudstones. The subsurface geometry and regional location of these evaporitic bodies is derived from four 2.5D gravity models that tie data from field geology, rock density analysis, seismic reflection profiles, boreholes and our gravity survey. Gravity-constrained cross-sections allow us to distinguish between vertically well-developed and poorly developed diapirs that belong to the Sierras Marginales Unit, and to characterize the relationships between thrusting and diapirism during Eocene–Oligocene time.
Origin of lamprophyres from the northern margin of the North China Craton: implications for mantle metasomatism
Authors: Niu Xiaolu , Chen Bin , Feng Guangying , Liu Fei , Yang Jingsui
Published: November 2016

Abundant lamprophyre dykes occur near the northern margin of the North China Craton and offer a unique opportunity to study the nature of the mantle source. The dykes are minettes composed of phlogopite, sanidine and calcite.
40
Ar/
39
Ar dating yields ages of 234 ± 2 and 222 ± 6 Ma. The lamprophyres are near-primary, mantle-derived ultrapotassic melts, having low SiO
2
(31.0 – 41.5 wt%) and high K
2
O (4.40 – 7.12 wt%) contents, high Mg# (62 – 84) and high contents of compatible elements. They are characterized by fractionated rare earth element patterns, radiogenic Sr and unradiogenic Nd isotope compositions (
87
Sr/
86
Sr
i
 = 0.7070 – 0.7075; ε
Nd
(
t
) = −12.8 to −9.2). A small amount of mafic crustal rocks (<4.4%) may have been assimilated during magma ascent, as revealed by
187
Os/
188
Os
i
ratios of 0.4548 – 0.8068. These data suggest that the lamprophyres originated from a low degree of partial melting of an enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle source with abundant phlogopite, clinopyroxene and carbonate. The source has been metasomatized by carbonate- and potassium-rich fluids derived from carbonated sediments recycled via subduction of Palaeo-Mongolian oceanic slab beneath the North China Craton.

Supplementary material:
Microprobe analyses of biotite, feldspar and carbonate,
40
Ar–
39
Ar analytical data, and
36
Ar/
40
Ar v.
39
Ar/
40
Ar inverse isochron diagrams for phlogopite phenocrysts and groundmass from the Datong lamprophyres are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3574265
.
Evidence from U–Pb zircon geochronology for early Neoproterozoic (Tonian) reworking of an Archaean inlier in northeastern Shetland, Scottish Caledonides
Authors: Jahn I. , Strachan R. A. , Fowler M. , Bruand E. , Kinny P. D. , Clark C. , Taylor R. J. M.
Published: November 2016

Meta-igneous lithologies of the Cullivoe inlier in NE Yell, Shetland, have tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) chemistry and yield U–Pb zircon crystallization ages of
c.
2856 – 2699 Ma. Formation was coeval with protoliths of the Lewisian Gneiss Complex and the time of major Neoarchaean crustal growth in the North Atlantic Craton. The adjacent metasedimentary Yell Sound Group accumulated between
c.
1019 and
c.
941 Ma. The Cullivoe inlier and the Yell Sound Group were metamorphosed at
c.
944 – 931 Ma, the former preserving granulite-facies mineral assemblages inferred to be of this age. Similar-aged metamorphic events recorded in other Laurentian metasedimentary successions in the North Atlantic region are attributed to development of the Valhalla orogen along the Rodinia margin. Ordovician (482 ± 30 Ma) and Silurian (428 ± 16 Ma) thermal rejuvenation resulted from successive phases of the Caledonian orogeny during closure of the Iapetus Ocean. The mechanism by which the Cullivoe inlier was emplaced into its current structural setting is uncertain. Either its western or eastern boundary is a major tectonic break, probably an early ductile thrust. However, this is now cryptic as a result of the Caledonian ductile reworking.

Supplementary material:
SIMS and LA-ICP-MS analytical data, statistical analyses and major trace element analytical data are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3575723
.