bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crowd sensing and spatiotemporal analysis in urban open space using multi‐viewpoint geotagged videos
Authors: Liu Feng , Han Zhigang , Song Hongquan , Wang Jiayao , Liu Chun , Ban Gaohan
Published: March 2023

Increasing concern for urban public safety has motivated the deployment of a large number of surveillance cameras in open spaces such as city squares, stations, and shopping malls. The efficient detection of crowd dynamics in urban open spaces using multi‐viewpoint surveillance videos continues to be a fundamental problem in the field of urban security. The use of existing methods for extracting features from video images has resulted in significant progress in single‐camera image space. However, surveillance videos are geotagged videos with location information, and few studies have fully exploited the spatial semantics of these videos. In this study, multi‐viewpoint videos in geographic space are used to fuse object trajectories for crowd sensing and spatiotemporal analysis. The YOLOv3‐DeepSORT model is used to detect a pedestrian and extract the corresponding image coordinates, combine spatial semantics (such as the positions of the pedestrian in the field of view of the camera) to build a projection transformation matrix and map the object recorded by a single camera to geographic space. Trajectories from multi‐viewpoint videos are fused based on the features of location, time, and directions to generate a complete pedestrian trajectory. Then, crowd spatial pattern analysis, density estimation, and motion trend analysis are performed. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can be used to identify crowd dynamics and analyze the corresponding spatiotemporal pattern in an urban open space from a global perspective, providing a means of intelligent spatiotemporal analysis of geotagged videos.
Consenting, competence and confidentiality in paediatric adolescent gynaecology
Authors: Pillai RN , Narayanan M , Choudhary M
Published: March 2023

Key content

Clinicians can often face dilemmas in the care of adolescents owing to the lack of understanding over the legal rights and ethical responsibilities involved in their care.

A clinician looking after an adolescent should have a good understanding of the principles of adolescent consenting.

Often it is necessary to involve the multidisciplinary team and, in extreme circumstances, the court when there is a dispute regarding the competence of the adolescent to consent.

Every unit should ensure that they have guidelines for paediatric adolescent gynaecology (PAG) consenting.

Areas requiring specific consideration in PAG consent are discussed in this article.

Learning objectives

To understand the issues and ethical dilemmas a clinician can face in PAG consent.

To understand the current guidance and principles.

To develop a problem‐based approach to sharing information with adolescents.

Ethical issues

Healthcare professionals must balance the duty of confidentiality with the duties of safeguarding.

There can be challenges in influencing the parental authority over the adolescent and balancing this with the child's best interest.

Care must be taken in judging the capacity of the adolescent to make decisions.
Simulated Acidic Weathering of “Black Granites”: an Assessment using Regression Analysis
Authors: Cavalcanti Ely Brasil de Arruda Luna , Nogueira Neto José De Araújo , Menor Eldemar De Albuquerque , Da Silva Filho Adejardo Francisco , Da Silva Marcelo Reis Rodrigues , Amorim Lucas Fontenele
Published: March 2023

A number of “black granites” were tested using simulated acidic weathering (H2SO4, HNO3, H2SO4/HNO3 and HCl, at pH = 3,00), freeze resistance and relative loss of brightness. The same plates of these granites remained immersed in each acidic solution over eight weekly cycles. The pH data from residual acid solutions were plotted versus timing of the experimental cycles in XY diagrams for interpretation as log-linear regressions. The global set of data, transcribed in a ternary diagram, shows a distinctive area highlighting the best commercial granites. In addition to these granite coatings, the proposed methodology allows easy and accurate identification of their best performances.
Apuntes para una revisión sistemática sobre el concepto Slow journalism. Estudio internacional 2017-2020 en Argentina, Colombia, España y México
Authors: Corral - Velázquez Gabriel Alfonso , Peñafiel Carmen , Gurrutxaga Guillermo
Published: March 2023

El presente trabajo aborda como objetivo principal el estudio conceptual y la carcaterización del periodismo reposado o slow journalism, desde una perspectiva académica y profesional. Como proceso  metodológico  se han analizado un total de 76 fichas, de las cuales 58 corresponden a publicaciones de autores/as del mundo  académico y 18 a  profesionales del periodismo. Entre los resultados más destacados se encuentra la preeminencia del mundo académico a la hora de estudiar el fenómeno, dado que entre quienes ejercen el periodismo hay menor producción de obras al repecto en comparación con las que provienen del ámbito universitario. También en la Academia hay mayor profusión de denominaciones para referirse al fenómeno en español, aunque tanto en ella como en la propia profesión periodística el término más utilizado es el anglosajón slow journalism.
Los Elementos De La Gramática De La Lengua Ckunza De San Pedro De Atacama
Authors: Torrico-Ávila Elizabeth
Published: March 2023

El Ckunza de los Lickan Antai que habitan Chile, Bolivia y Argentina fue declarada extinta. Sin embargo, se argumenta que reconstruir los elementos de la gramática podría facilitar su revitalización. Este artículo busca dar cuenta de estos elementos en el Ckunza de San Pedro de Atacama. Para ello se entregará una revisión de los elementos fonéticos, fonológicos, léxicos, semánticos, morfológicos y sintácticos de la lengua amerindia. Este análisis informa además de la característica aglutinante del Ckunza. El corpus de esta investigación proviene de las muestras recolectadas por los pioneros en su estudio. El objetivo de esta revisión es mostrar la gramática del Ckunza ya que su reconstitución proveerá las reglas que permitirán crear nuevas oraciones que contribuirán a su revitalización.
Tecnopolítica, pueblos indígenas y conflicto intercultural. Contribuciones teórico-conceptuales
Authors: Maldonado Rivera Claudio Andrés
Published: March 2023

El objetivo del presente escrito es contribuir a los actuales debates teóricos y conceptuales que abordan el fenómeno tecnopolítico. Específicamente, atiende los procesos de apropiación y uso de tecnologías de información y comunicación que los nuevos movimientos indígenas efectúan en el continente Latinoamericano, cuya finalidad central es confrontar la matriz colonial de poder que rige el funcionamiento del sistema mundo-moderno-colonial-capitalista. Se constata que la tecnopolítica emerge como una praxis de lucha antagónica en contextos de conflictividad intercultural, lo cual demanda el diseño de agendas de investigación que atiendan la especificidad de los procesos locales que, “desde abajo”, disputan el sentido de la interculturalidad.
Experimental and Numerical Research on Fluid Dynamic Interaction Effects of Reciprocating Pump–Pipeline System
Authors: Gu Zhenjie , Bai Changqing , Zhang Hongyan
Published: March 2023

The performance of a reciprocating pump–pipeline system is often limited by the fluid dynamic interaction between pump, pipeline, and valves. In this paper, the fluid dynamic characteristics of a reciprocating pump–pipeline system are investigated via experiments and numerical analysis. A simple experimental platform consisting of a reciprocating pump, suction and discharge pipes, and flow control valve are offered and the experimental tests under multiworking conditions are carried out to explore the fluid dynamic interaction of the reciprocating pump–pipeline system. Combined with theoretical analysis and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, a dynamic model of the pump–pipeline system is presented with considering the fluid dynamic interaction effect of pump valves, plunger stroke, and flow control valve. All of the predicted results coincide well with the experimental data, and the inherent mechanism and the feature of the fluid dynamic interaction are revealed by experiments and numerical analysis. It is shown that the fluid dynamic characteristics of pipeline significantly influence the lag phenomenon and the motion behaviors of pump valves. The discharge flowrate rises nonlinearly with the increase of plunger stroke and the leakage rate is associated with the resistance of flow control valve. The pressure pulsation in discharge pipe is directly related to and markedly impacted by the control valve opening and the plunger stroke. However, the influence of the reservoir liquid-level on the system dynamic behavior is relatively slight. This work would give information for the optimum design and operation maintenance of reciprocating pump–pipeline system.
Does accentual variation in the pronunciation of French words influence their recognition? It depends on the ear of presentation
Authors: Rassili Outhmane , Michelas Amandine , Dufour Sophie
Published: March 2023

This repetition priming study examined how word accentual variation in French is represented and processed during spoken word recognition. Mismatched primes in the accentual pattern were less effective than matched primes in facilitating target word recognition when the targets were presented in the left ear but not in the right ear. This indicates that in French, the accentual pattern of words influences their recognition when processing is constrained in the right hemisphere. This study pleads in favor of two memory systems, the one retaining words in an abstract format and the other retaining words in their various forms.
Effect of specific surface area on the rheological properties of graphene nanoplatelet/poly(ethylene oxide) composites
Authors: Haridas Haritha , Kontopoulou Marianna
Published: March 2023

The rheological properties of poly(ethylene oxide) containing graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) having different specific surface areas (SSAs) are studied using steady shear and small amplitude oscillatory shear experiments. A series of GNPs having SSAs ranging from 175 ± 5 to 430 ± 13 m2/g was prepared using a thermomechanical exfoliation process. The complex viscosity, moduli, and yield stress of the composites increase with SSA, whereas electrical and rheological percolation threshold concentrations decrease, suggesting that higher SSAs promote filler network formation. Modeling of small amplitude oscillatory shear data using a two-phase model confirms that hydrodynamic effects dominate at low concentrations below 8 wt. %, where the particles are noninteracting. At higher concentrations, the response is dominated by filler-phase contributions. We demonstrate that the two-phase model parameters can be used to track the exfoliation of graphite into GNPs. Fitting of rheological percolation curves using Utracki and Lyngaae–Jørgensen models at low concentrations (noninteracting regime) resulted in aspect ratios between 19 and 76. At high concentrations (interacting particles), the aspect ratios determined by the Krieger–Daugherty model ranged between 5 and 24 due to aggregation. The highest aspect ratios (defined as the ratio of major dimension to minor dimension) were associated with GNPs that had the highest SSA of 430 m2/g. Strain sweeps revealed that the critical strain for the onset of nonlinear viscoelasticity scaled with SSA above the percolation threshold. The scaling relationships of the critical strain and storage modulus with volume fraction were used to infer the fractal dimensions of filler networks.
Supplemental Material: Environmental and trilobite diversity changes during the middle-late Cambrian SPICE event
Authors: Zhang Lei , al. et
Published: March 2023

Supplemental Text S1: Chronostratigraphy of the Middle and Upper Cambrian, Paleogeographic and paleoenvironmental background for the SPICE sections, and Methods. Figure S1: Correlation of trilobite zones between South China and Laurentia. Figure S2: Evaluation of diagenesis in the Wangcun and Duibian sections. Figure S3: Crossplots of UEF versus Al, MoEF versus Al, P2O5 versus Fe2O3, P2O5 versus TOC and P2O5 versus CaO for the Wangcun and Duibian sections. Table S1: Summary of SPICE sections with paired δ13C and δ34S data. Table S2: Geochemical data of Wangcun, Duibian A and Duibian B sections.
Supplemental Material: Continentalization of an intraoceanic arc as exemplified by the Jurassic Bonanza arc of Vancouver Island, Canada
Authors: Canil Dante , Morris Rebecca A. , al. et
Published: March 2023

Figure S1: U-Pb Concordia for Zircons. Figure S2: Whole Rock Sample Locations. Figure S3: Restoration of 25 km Sinistral Offset on San Juan Fault. Table S1: U-Pb Zircon Ages of Samples. Table S2: Major and Trace Element Compositions of Samples and Plutonic Unit Averages.
Antiglutamate acid decarboxylase seropositive brain stem encephalitis
Authors: AlAbdulghafoor Faye , Behbehani Raed , Johar Abbas , Alroughani Raed
Published: March 2023

This is a case of a previously healthy female in her fourties presenting with a subacute presentation of bilateral horizontal gaze restriction, with bilateral lower motor facial palsy. The patient’s daughter has type 1 diabetes. On investigation, the patient’s MRI revealed a lesion in the dorsal medial pons. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed albuminocytological dissociation, with a negative autoimmune panel. The patient was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin, and methylprednisolone for a total of 5 days and showed mild improvement. The patient had raised serum antiglutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) levels, and the final diagnosis of GAD seropositive brain stem encephalitis was made.
Pathogenic variations inMAML2andMAMLD1contribute to congenital hypothyroidism due to dyshormonogenesis by regulating the Notch signalling pathway
Authors: Wu Feng-Yao , Yang Rui-Meng , Zhang Hai-Yang , Zhan Ming , Tu Ping-Hui , Fang Ya , Zhang Cao-Xu , Song Shi-Yang , Dong Mei , Cui Ren-Jie , Liu Xiao-Yu , Yang Liu , Yan Chen-Yan , Sun Feng , Zhang Rui-Jia , Wang Zheng , Liang Jun , Song Huai-Dong , Cheng Feng , Zhao Shuang-Xia
Published: March 2023

Background

In several countries, thyroid dyshormonogenesis is more common than thyroid dysgenesis in patients with congenital hypothyroidism (CH). However, known pathogenic genes are limited to those directly involved in hormone biosynthesis. The aetiology and pathogenesis of thyroid dyshormonogenesis remain unknown in many patients.

Methods

To identify additional candidate pathogenetic genes, we performed next-generation sequencing in 538 patients with CH and then confirmed the functions of the identified genes in vitro using HEK293T and Nthy-ori 3.1 cells, and in vivo using zebrafish and mouse model organisms.

Results

We identified one pathogenicMAML2variant and two pathogenicMAMLD1variants that downregulated canonical Notch signalling in three patients with CH. Zebrafish and mice treated with N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butylester, a γ-secretase inhibitor exhibited clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism and thyroid dyshormonogenesis. Through organoid culture of primary mouse thyroid cells and transcriptome sequencing, we demonstrated that Notch signalling within thyroid cells directly affects thyroid hormone biosynthesis rather than follicular formation. Additionally, these three variants blocked the expression of genes associated with thyroid hormone biosynthesis, which was restored byHES1expression. TheMAML2variant exerted a dominant-negative effect on both the canonical pathway and thyroid hormone biosynthesis.MAMLD1also regulated hormone biosynthesis through the expression ofHES3, the target gene of the non-canonical pathway.

Conclusions

This study identified three mastermind-like family gene variants in CH and revealed that both canonical and non-canonical Notch signalling affected thyroid hormone biosynthesis.
Measuring long-term outcomes after injury: current issues and future directions
Authors: Salim Ali , Stein Deborah M , Zarzaur Ben L , Livingston David H
Published: March 2023

Maximizing long-term outcomes for patients following injury is the next challenge in the delivery of patient-centered trauma care. The following review outlines three important components in trauma outcomes: (1) data gathering and monitoring, (2) the impact of traumatic brain injury, and (3) trajectories in recovery and identifies knowledge gaps and areas for needed future research.
Center of mass energy of three general geodesic colliding particles around a Kerr-MOG black hole
Authors: Zakria Ayesha
Published: March 2023

We study the center of mass energy (CME) for three neutral particles in the vicinity of a Kerr-modified gravity (MOG) black hole. In addition, we investigate the CME close to the horizon(s) of a Kerr-MOG black hole and find that an infinite center of mass energy is attainable under a few constraints.
Fixed-point group conjugacy classes of unipotent elements in low-dimensional symmetric spaces of special linear groups over a finite field
Authors: Buell Catherine , Helminck Aloysius , Klima Vicky , Schaefer Jennifer , Wright Carmen , Ziliak Ellen
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we characterize and classify the orbits of the fixed-point group on the unipotent elements of the generalized symmetric spaces for inner involutions of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a finite field of odd characteristic. We provide some generalized results for [Formula: see text].
Do Machines Really Understand Meaning? (Again)
Authors: Perconti Pietro , Plebe Alessio
Published: March 2023

The adventure of artificial intelligence (AI) is based on a revolutionary idea, namely, that machines are able to understand and produce linguistic acts endowed with meaning. Over the past decades, this idea has gained acceptance in the scientific community, but its consequences for human nature were not really appreciated. Recent developments in AI, due especially to Deep Learning (DL), have changed things dramatically by creating computer architectures capable of performing previously impossible tasks in areas such as image recognition and language understanding. Criticisms that were raised decades ago against this possibility have thus been revived. These criticisms are no different in argument from those made in the first place. The reason they are being raised again is because of the social impact that the new machine performances have been able to achieve, and is not driven by truly scientific reasons, which indeed prove to be inadequate when compared to the more recent artificial semantics based on deep neural networks.
Structured Theorem for Quantum Programs and its Applications
Authors: Yu Nengkun
Published: March 2023

This article proves a structured program theorem for flowchart quantum programs. The theorem states that any flowchart quantum program is equivalent to a single quantum program that repeatedly executes a quantum measurement and a subprogram, so long as the measurement outcome is true. Moreover, their expected runtime, variance, and general moments are the same. This theorem simplifies the quantum program’s verification significantly.

–

We derive an analytical characterization of the termination problem for quantum programs in polynomial time. Our procedure is more efficient and accurate with much simpler techniques than the analysis of this problem, as described in [
29
].

–

We compute the expected runtime
analytically
and
exactly
for quantum programs in polynomial time. This result improves the methods based on the weakest precondition calculus for the question recently developed in [
31
,
34
].

–

We show that a single loop rule is a relatively complete Hoare logic for quantum programs after applying our structured theorem. Although using fewer rules, our method verifies a broader class of quantum programs, compared with the results in [
45
] and [
56
].
Odd Viscosity and Odd Elasticity
Authors: Fruchart Michel , Scheibner Colin , Vitelli Vincenzo
Published: March 2023

Elasticity typically refers to a material's ability to store energy, whereas viscosity refers to a material's tendency to dissipate it. In this review, we discuss fluids and solids for which this is not the case. These materials display additional linear response coefficients known as odd viscosity and odd elasticity. We first introduce odd viscosity and odd elasticity from a continuum perspective, with an emphasis on their rich phenomenology, including transverse responses, modified dislocation dynamics, and topological waves. We then provide an overview of systems that display odd viscosity and odd elasticity. These systems range from quantum fluids and astrophysical gases to active and driven matter. Finally, we comment on microscopic mechanisms by which odd viscosity and odd elasticity arise.
A Sensitive Amperometric Biosensor Based on Carbon Dot 3-Chloropropyl-trimethoxysilane Modified Electrode for Detection of Neurotransmitter Dopamine
Authors: Akbıyık Muhammed Ali , Bodur Onur Can , Keskin Merve , Kara Meryem , Dinç Saliha , Arslan Halit , Özmen Mustafa , Arslan Fatma
Published: March 2023

Dopamine (DA) is an important electroactive neurotransmitter. The concentration of DA in the body of a healthy person is approximately 1.0 × 10−7−1.0 × 10−3 M. A decrease in dopamine concentration is associated with Parkinson’s disease. Thus, it is important to determine the amount of dopamine in early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease. Different methods such as immunoassay, flow injection analysis (FIA), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) etc could be used for determination of dopamine but they are expensive and have long determination times, and pre analytic processes. In this study, a tyrosinase based amperometric biosensor was developed with carbon paste electrode modified with carbon nano dot 3-Chloropropyl-trimethoxysilane (CDs-CPTMS) for determination of the amount of dopamine. CDs-CPTMS was synthesized for the first time. Determination of dopamine was carried out by the reduction of dopamine-o-quinone at −0.15 V versus Ag/AgCl. The effect of temperature, pH, and substrate concentration on the dopamine response of the prepared biosensor and interference effect were investigated. There was no interference effect of uric acid and ascorbic acid. The designed biosensor has wide working range (0.001–0.01 μM and 0.01−0.1 μM), low limit of detection, very good reproducibility and shelf life. In addition, the preparation of the biosensor is practical and cost-effective.
Si0.5Ge0.5 Channel FinFET Preparation on an In Situ Doped SiGe SRB and Its Electrical Characteristics Optimization
Authors: Chen Anlan , Li Yongliang , Jia Xiaofeng , Cheng Xiaohong , Wang Wenwu
Published: March 2023

In this paper, the Si0.5Ge0.5 channel FinFET preparation on an in situ doped SiGe strain relaxed buffer (SRB) and its electrical characteristic optimization were explored in detail. First, an in situ phosphorus doped three-layer SiGe SRB is developed and a perfect Si0.5Ge0.5/Si0.7Ge0.3 SRB fin profile is achieved under the conventional STI last scheme. Then, the Si0.5Ge0.5 channel FinFET is successfully prepared according to the standard integration process of Si channel FinFET. However, it suffers bad electrical performance due to poor Si0.5Ge0.5 channel interfacial property and high S/D series resistance. Therefore, a channel passivation process including an in situ ozone oxidation combined with HfO2/Al2O3 bi-layer gate dielectric, and a S/D silicide process are simultaneously introduced to optimize its electrical characteristics. As a result, its SS can be decreased from 174 to 104 mV/dec, and its driven current under |VGS| = |VDS| = 0.8 V can be increased from 12 to 314 μA/μm. Therefore, these newly developed technologies are practical for the Si0.5Ge0.5 channel FinFET.
Modeling the Effects of Chemotherapeutic Dose Response on a Stochastic Tumor-Immune Model of Prostate Cancer with Androgen Deprivation Therapy
Authors: Chen Lin , Yang Jin
Published: March 2023

The periodical application of androgen deprivation therapy, immunotherapy, or chemotherapy is an effective method for cancer treatment, but few studies combine them. To explore such comprehensive treatment mechanisms, this paper establishes a pulsed stochastic hybrid dynamics model considering tumor antigenicity and density-dependent mortality. In addition to analyzing the basic properties of solutions such as the tumor-free periodic solution and global attraction of the model, the threshold conditions for the persistence and extinction of prostate cancer cells and effector cells are obtained by using stochastic differential equation theory. Besides, sufficient conditions for the existence of stationary distribution of the system are established. The results reveal that comprehensive therapy or white noise can determine tumor dynamics and suggest that the treatment of prostate cancer should be individualized according to the state of tumor development. Finally, biological significance is discussed and conclusions are given.
O “narrador de máquina falante”: Cal Stewart e a remediação da contação de histórias
Authors: Bauman Richard
Published: March 2023

Apresento neste artigo uma exploração preliminar de um exemplo histórico daquilo que denomino remediar o estrelato, processo por meio do qual um performer com qualidades de estrelato no milieu da comunidade de copresença torna-se um recurso para o estrelato no mundo midiático de massa da reprodução mecânica. Concentro-me na carreira performática de Cal Stewart, uma das primeiras estrelas das gravações comerciais de áudio nos Estados Unidos, que se modelou como “o narrador de máquina falante”. A recontextualização da forma de uma performance de uma mídia para outra envolve transformações tanto formais quanto práticas, conforme os performers adaptam formas e práticas comunicativas aos recursos (affordances), estruturas participantes, modalidades sensoriais, e outras características constitutivas de uma nova mídia. Esses fatores, por sua vez, terão uma influência modeladora no processo de construção simbólica por meio do qual o estrelato em uma mídia é utilizado na criação do estrelato em outra mídia.
Ch’ixinakax utxiwa. Una reflexión sobre prácticas y discursos descolonizadores
Authors: Lara Amiel Ernenek Mejía
Published: March 2023

RIVERA Cusicanqui, Silvia. Ch’ixinakax utxiwa. Una reflexión sobre prácticas y discursos descolonizadores. Buenos Aires: Tinta Limón, 2010. Pinturas. 80 pp.
The Violent Story
Authors: Taheri Hamid
Published: March 2023

The depiction of violence in Iranian cinema has always been debated. The vitality of this issue is due to the desire of right-wing groups to restrict cinema. Conversely, reformists want to escape these ‘accusations’ and the ensuing censorship. This article argues that both groups are inaccurate because they view violence in cinema as moments and images rather than a narrative process. Following Galtung’s definition of violence, in analyzing A Separation by Asghar Farhadi, this investigation will demonstrate that narrative films have a process where different modes of violence are depicted. In this film, the beginning introduces latent violence, violence becomes manifest, the conflict starts, and the film ends in peace, which can be positive or negative. A Separation ends in the latter mode, creating a sense of void and continuous violence after the end of the physical time of the film.
An Analysis of the Socialization Experiences of British Satellite College Principals in China and Challenges They Face in Their Role
Authors: Roundell Toby
Published: March 2023

Although there is much literature that explores the socialization of principals in national contexts and furthermore that has postulated on the demands that principals face in their roles, there is no literature that has explored the socialization principals experience in the complex field of international school leadership. The research reported in this article seeks to address this gap by analysing the processes and outcomes of principals’ socialization into their roles in British satellite colleges in China. Eleven principals were interviewed to explore the phenomena of their organizational socialization experience and were asked to reflect upon the challenges they face in leading their schools. With the emergence of the portfolio model of satellite colleges being tied together into a branded group with an intra-national locus of control, the research findings demonstrate principals experiencing institutional socialization tactics that are resulting in increasingly custodial outcomes. The research confirms the contemporary relevance, value and utility of organizational socialization theory as a robust conceptual framework to surface and analyse the complex phenomena of socializing principals into their roles.
International Schools in China in the Post covid-19 Pandemic Era: Survive or Thrive?
Authors: Xie Ping , Wang Yu
Published: March 2023

This paper reports part of a study of a 3-year large project on international schools in China, where the landscape of international education has been recently transformed. The covid-19 pandemic, together with the policy context in China, reshaped international schools. The three-year project investigates the challenges as well as opportunities that the international schools in China are confronted with in the post pandemic era and how the successful principals enacted their leadership practices in the contextually diverse international schools, by employing a mixed-methods design. This paper only demonstrates the initial results from the interview data with twelve participants, which aims at exploring the nuanced profile that international schools in China had. Implications and future research are discussed.
Alaska Terrestrial and Marine Climate Trends, 1957–2021
Authors: Ballinger Thomas J. , Bhatt Uma S. , Bieniek Peter A. , Brettschneider Brian , Lader Rick T. , Littell Jeremy S. , Thoman Richard L. , Waigl Christine F. , Walsh John E. , Webster Melinda A.
Published: March 2023

Some of the largest climatic changes in the Arctic have been observed in Alaska and the surrounding marginal seas. Near-surface air temperature (T2m), precipitation (P), snowfall, and sea ice changes have been previously documented, often in disparate studies. Here, we provide an updated, long-term trend analysis (1957–2021; n = 65 years) of such parameters in ERA5, NOAA U.S. Climate Gridded Dataset (NClimGrid), NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) Alaska climate division, and composite sea ice products preceding the upcoming Fifth National Climate Assessment (NCA5) and other near-future climate reports. In the past half century, annual T2m has broadly increased across Alaska, and during winter, spring, and autumn on the North Slope and North Panhandle (T2m > 0.50°C decade−1). Precipitation has also increased across climate divisions and appears strongly interrelated with temperature–sea ice feedbacks on the North Slope, specifically with increased (decreased) open water (sea ice extent). Snowfall equivalent (SFE) has decreased in autumn and spring, perhaps aligned with a regime transition of snow to rain, while winter SFE has broadly increased across the state. Sea ice decline and melt-season lengthening also have a pronounced signal around Alaska, with the largest trends in these parameters found in the Beaufort Sea. Alaska’s climatic changes are also placed in context against regional and contiguous U.S. air temperature trends and show ∼50% greater warming in Alaska relative to the lower-48 states. Alaska T2m increases also exceed those of any contiguous U.S. subregion, positioning Alaska at the forefront of U.S. climate warming.

Significance Statement

This study produces an updated, long-term trend analysis (1957–2021) of key Alaska climate parameters, including air temperature, precipitation (including snowfall equivalent), and sea ice, to inform upcoming climate assessment reports, including the Fifth National Climate Assessment (NCA5) scheduled for publication in 2023. Key findings include widespread annual and seasonal warming with increased precipitation across much of the state. Winter snowfall has broadly increased, but spring and autumn snowfalls have decreased as rainfall increased. Autumn warming and precipitation increases over the North Slope, in particular, appear related to decreased sea ice coverage in the Beaufort Sea and Chukchi Seas. These trends may result from interrelated processes that accelerate Alaska climate changes relative to those of the contiguous United States.
Resolving the Horizontal Direction of Internal Tide Generation: Global Application for the M2 Tide’s First Mode
Authors: Pollmann Friederike , Nycander Jonas
Published: March 2023

Breaking internal tides contribute substantially to small-scale turbulent mixing in the ocean interior and hence to maintaining the large-scale overturning circulation. How much internal tide energy is available for ocean mixing can be estimated by using semianalytical methods based on linear theory. Until recently, a method resolving the horizontal direction of the internal waves generated by conversion of the barotropic tide was lacking. We here present the first global application of such a method to the first vertical mode of the principal lunar semidiurnal internal tide. We also show that the effect of supercritical slopes on the modally decomposed internal tides is different than previously suggested. To deal with this the continental shelf and the shelf slope are masked in the global computation. The global energy conversion obtained agrees roughly with the previous results by Falahat et al. if the mask is applied to their result, which decreases their energy conversion by half. Thus, around half of the energy conversion obtained by their linear calculations occurs at continental slopes and shelves, where linear theory tends to break down. The barotropic-to-baroclinic energy flux at subcritical slopes away from the continental margins is shown to vary substantially with direction depending on the shape and orientation of topographic obstacles and the direction of the local tidal currents. Taking this additional information into account in tidal mixing parameterizations could have important ramifications for vertical mixing and water mass properties in global numerical simulations.
SOUTH KOREA AS A MIDDLE POWER IN EAST ASIA?
Authors: Rubiolo Florencia , Aguirre Franco L.
Published: March 2023

This article addresses South Korea's foreign policy toward ASEAN from a middle power approach. Using role theory, we argue that South Korea is developing a regional role to diversify its traditional ties, mitigate local constraints, and materialize its regional interests. We analyze the economic and political dimensions according to the share of trade and investment flows to the region and the development of cooperation initiatives and institutional ties. In the latter, we focus on Moon's presidency and the New Southern Policy, including a reference to the official development assistance. We also address its role in the South China Sea conflict to examine the strategic restrictions in this scenario. We state two main constraints: the need to keep the United States as a safety-guarantee partner and the critical role of China as an economic partner. Finally, we explore the challenges that a power competition scenario poses for Seoul within Southeast Asia.
Optimal control of critical fresh air volume based on sectional adjustment of fresh air and return air dampers
Authors: Zhao Tianyi , Qu Ziyi , Xing Han , Ma Liangdong , Li Xiuming
Published: March 2023

During the regulation process of VAV systems, the supply air volume changes with the real time load changes, which will cause the fresh air volume to deviate from its set value. Insufficient fresh air results in poor IAQ, whereas an excessive fresh air increases energy consumption. Therefore, an effective method to control the fresh air volume is essential for VAV systems. Based on the differential pressure control theory, two improved control methods—the fresh air section static pressure control method and the critical air volume control method—are proposed herein. Three control methods were compared through experimental study. The results indicate that differential pressure in the first improved method is higher than that in the differential pressure control method, which increases the ease of measurement. However, both these methods have approximately 15% to 25% errors when the supply air volume is small. The critical air volume control method provides more precise control of the fresh air volume, and eliminates deviations at small supply air volumes. Furthermore, the fan power is reduced as well. Investigation has demonstrated that the critical air volume control method is energy-efficient, and can provide new insights into optimized energy-saving control methods for VAV systems.

This work proposed a fresh air volume control method of VAV system, the critical air volume control method. This method improves the control accuracy and the convenience of differential pressure measurement of VAV system. The reliability of the method was verified on the test rig, and it is similar to the engineering situation. Therefore, this method has practical application value. Also this method reduces the fan energy consumption of VAV system, thereby improving energy efficiency and reducing operating costs.
Therapeutic Interventions for Mental Wellness in Correctional Facilities: A Systematic Review
Authors: Criss Jhala , John Aesha
Published: March 2023

The article includes a systematic review of therapeutic interventions being used to improve mental health of males and females incarcerated in U.S. jails and prisons. Using pertinent keywords, we searched the following databases: SocINDEX, CINAHL Complete, Medline Complete, PsychINFO, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and Criminal Justice Abstracts with Full Text for studies published between 2010 and 2021. The initial search yielded 9,622 articles. After screening, 28 articles met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Review indicated use of a diverse range of interventions to address mental health outcomes including, but not limited to, PTSD, depression, and anxiety. A few studies did not focus on specific mental health outcomes, but rather on behavioral outcomes such as distress, affect, mood, time spent in the hospital, number of acts of self-injury, competency restoration, and wellbeing of the participants. The review includes implications for future research and practice.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients Discharged Directly Home From the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Pizzuto Matthew F. , Sutton Ashley G. , Schroeder Katherine S. , Bravo Mercedes A. , Li Lang , Kihlstrom Margaret J.
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) typically transfer to an acute care floor prior to discharge (ACD). Various circumstances, including rapid clinical improvement, technology dependence, or capacity constraints, may lead to discharge directly to home from a PICU (DDH). This practice has been studied in adult intensive care units, but research is lacking for PICU patients. Methods: We aimed to describe characteristics and outcomes of patients requiring PICU admission who experienced DDH versus ACD. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients ≤18 years old admitted to our academic, tertiary care PICU between 1/1/15 and 12/31/20. Patients who died or were transferred to another facility were excluded. Baseline characteristics (including home ventilator dependence) and markers of illness severity, specifically the need for vasoactive infusion or new mechanical ventilation, were compared between groups. Admission diagnoses were categorized using the Pediatric Clinical Classification System (PECCS). Our primary outcome was hospital readmission within 30 days. Results: Of 4042 PICU admissions during the study period, 768 (19%) were DDH. Baseline demographic characteristics were similar, although DDH patients were more likely to have a tracheostomy (30% vs 5%, P < .01) and require a home ventilator at discharge (24% vs 1%, P < .01). DDH was associated with being less likely to have required a vasoactive infusion (7% vs 11%, P < .01), shorter median length of stay (LOS) (2.1 days vs 5.9 days, P < .01) and increased rate of readmission within 30 days of discharge (17% vs 14%, P < .05). However, repeat analysis after removing ventilator-dependent patients at discharge (n = 202) showed no difference in rates of readmission (14% vs 14%, P = .88). Conclusions: Direct discharge home from the PICU is a common practice. DDH and ACD groups had similar 30-day readmission rate when patient admissions with home ventilator dependence were excluded.
The Combination of JAK2V617F Allele Burden and WT1 Expression can Be Helpful in Distinguishing the Subtype of MPN Patients
Authors: Wu Sanyun , Luo Ping , Rouzi Tuerxunayi , Yu Yalan , Xiong Bei , Wang Yingying , Zuo Xuelan
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Classical Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) includes Essential Thrombocythemia (ET), Polycythemia Vera (PV) and Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF). The JAK2V617F mutation is part of the major criteria for diagnosis of MPN. WT1 is reported to be highly overexpressed in most hematological malignancy. Our aim was to explore the combination value of JAK2V617F allele burden and WT1 expression in distinguishing the subtype of MPN patients.

Methods

Allele specific real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR (AS-qPCR) was conducted to detect JAK2V617F allele burden. WT1 expression was assessed by RQ-PCR. Our study is a retrospective study.

Results

JAK2V617F allele burden and WT1 expression were different in MPN subgroups. The expression of WT1 in PMF and PV is higher than in ET. JAK2V617F allele burden in PMF and PV is also higher than in ET. ROC analysis indicated that combination of JAK2V617F allele burden and WT1 expression to discriminate ET and PV, ET and PMF, PV and PMF is 0.956, 0.871, 0.737 respectively. Furthermore, their ability to distinguish ET patients with high Hb levels from PV patients with high platelet counts is 0.891.

Conclusions

Our data revealed that combination of JAK2V617F allele burden and WT1 expression is useful in distinguishing the subtype of MPN patients.
Use of point-of-care ultrasound and serial FAST as a monitoring tool for the removal of an ectopic chest tube in liver
Authors: Abhyuday Kumar , Arunima Pattanayak , Neeraj Kumar , Sanjeev Kumar
Published: March 2023

Common complications of chest tube insertion are lung laceration, chest wall bleeding, improper tube positioning, and subcutaneous emphysema. However, a penetrating injury of the upper abdominal organs due to chest tube malposition is rare. A 33-year-old suffered multiple injuries in a road traffic accident. Due to the respiratory distress caused by right-sided hemothorax, an intercostal chest drain (ICD) was inserted, which drained 500 ml of venous blood, followed by hemodynamic instability. The post-procedural chest radiograph revealed a lower chest tube position within the liver shadow. As the patient was hemodynamically stable, it was decided to delay the removal of the ectopic ICD, and the patient was kept under close monitoring. After 7 days, ICD removal was done under ultrasound guidance, and a post-procedural serial-focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) was done. Hepatic injury secondary to chest tube insertion is rare, and its management is not standardised. Point-of-care ultrasound has not been used before for the removal of an ectopic ICD. We managed the case conservatively because of the stable hemodynamic situation of the patient and to avoid invasive surgery as possible. Point-of-care ultrasound can be a valuable tool in these conditions where other imaging modalities such as CT are not available and help avoid surgery.
Only 10% of Patients With a Concomitant MCL Injury Return to Their Preinjury Level of Sport 1 Year After ACL Reconstruction: A Matched Comparison With Isolated ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Svantesson Eleonor , Piussi Ramana , Beischer Susanne , Thomeé Christoffer , Samuelsson Kristian , Karlsson Jón , Thomeé Roland , Hamrin Senorski Eric
Published: March 2023

Background:

There is a need for an increased understanding of the way a concomitant medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury may influence outcome after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Hypothesis:

Patients with a concomitant MCL injury would have inferior clinical outcomes compared with a matched cohort of patients undergoing ACL reconstruction without an MCL injury.

Study Design:

Matched registry-based cohort study; case-control.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3.

Methods:

Data from the Swedish National Knee Ligament Registry and a local rehabilitation outcome registry were utilized. Patients who had undergone a primary ACL reconstruction with a concomitant nonsurgically treated MCL injury (ACL + MCL group) were matched with patients who had undergone an ACL reconstruction without an MCL injury (ACL group), in a 1:3 ratio. The primary outcome was return to knee-strenuous sport, defined as a Tegner activity scale ≥6, at the 1-year follow-up. In addition, return to preinjury level of sport, muscle function tests, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were compared between the groups.

Results:

The ACL + MCL group comprised 30 patients, matched with 90 patients in the ACL group. At the 1-year follow-up, 14 patients (46.7%) in the ACL + MCL group had return to sport (RTS) compared with 44 patients (48.9%) in the ACL group ( P = 0.37). A significantly lower proportion of patients in the ACL + MCL group had returned to their preinjury level of sport compared with the ACL group (10.0% compared with 25.6%, adjusted P = 0.01). No differences were found between the groups across a battery of strength and hop tests or in any of the assessed PROs. The ACL + MCL group reported a mean 1-year ACL-RSI after injury of 59.4 (SD 21.6), whereas the ACL group reported 57.9 (SD 19.4), P = 0.60.

Conclusion:

Patients with a concomitant nonsurgically treated MCL injury did not return to their preinjury level of sport to the same extent as patients without an MCL injury 1 year after ACL reconstruction. However, there was no difference between the groups in terms of return to knee strenuous activity, muscle function, or PROs.

Clinical Relevance:

Patients with a concomitant nonsurgically treated MCL injury may reach outcomes similar to those of patients without an MCL injury 1 year after an ACL reconstruction. However, few patients return to their preinjury level of sport at 1 year.
Connecting the beholder with the artwork: Thoughts on gaining liveliness by the usage of paraphernalia
Authors: Carbon Claus-Christian
Published: March 2023

When we attend sculptures in museums, they might fascinate us due to the mastery of the material, the inherent dynamics of body language or due to contrapposto or the sheer size of some of these statues such as Michelangelo's David. What is less convincing, however, is the life-alikeness of the face. Actually, most visitors experience dead faces, dead eyes, and static expressions. By merely adding paraphernalia to a face (e.g., a facemask or sunglasses), such unalive sculptures gain vividness and liveliness. This striking effect is demonstrated by applying a facemask and sunglasses to a sculpture on public display in Bamberg, but it can easily be demonstrated on any available sculpture. This simple method might help connect people with sculptures or artworks, in general, to lower the barrier between the beholder and artwork and increase their interaction.