bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AAV Production in HEK293T Cells v2
Authors: The Nonprofit Plasmid Repository Addgene
Published: December 2019

This protocol is used for AAV production in HEK293T cells. To see the full abstract and additional resources, visit the Addgene protocol page. Sample Data
General Transfection v2
Authors: The Nonprofit Plasmid Repository Addgene
Published: December 2019

This protocol is for general transfection. To see the full abstract and additional resources, visit the Addgene protocol page. Sample Data
Generating Stable Cell Lines with Lentivirus v2
Authors: The Nonprofit Plasmid Repository Addgene
Published: December 2019

This protocol is for generating stable cell lines with lentivirus. To see the full abstract and additional resources, please visit the Addgene protocol page. Sample Data
Lentivirus Production v2
Authors: The Nonprofit Plasmid Repository Addgene
Published: December 2019

This protocol is for Lentivirus production. To see the full abstract and additional resources, visit the Addgene protocol page. Sample Data
Singapur ve Türkiye’de Üstün Yetenekli Bireylerin Eğitiminin Karşılaştırmalı Olarak İncelenmesi
Authors: YILMAZ Zeynep , ER Kemal Oğuz
Published: December 2019

Dünya nüfusunun yaklaşık %2’sini oluşturan üstün
yetenekli bireylerin eğitimi değişen ve gelişen dünyada ülkelerin ekonomik  kalkınması ve varlığını koruması için
önemlidir. Bu araştırmada TIMSS, PISA gibi uluslararası sınavlarda son yıllarda
üst sıralarda yer alan Singapur ve 2023 hedeflerine ulaşmak için  eğitime yatırım yapan Türkiye’nin üstün
yetenekli bireylerin eğitimi sistemleri döküman incelemesi yapılarak araştırılmıştır.
Karşılaştırmalı eğitim yaklaşımlarından yatay ve betimsel yaklaşım bir arada
kullanılmıştır. Araştırılan ülkelerde üstün yetenekli bireylerin eğitimi tarihi
gelişim, eğitimin amaçları, tanılama süreci, öğretmen seçimi ve eğitimi, eğitim
uygulamaları başlıkları altında incelenmiştir. Tanılama sürecine Türkiye daha
erken başlamaktadır. Eğitim uygulamalarında Singapur okul içerisinde özel
sınıflarda eğitim verirken, Türkiye okul sonrası destek eğitimi tercih
etmektedir. Her iki ülkede okul ortamı dışında çeşitli özel olanaklar
sağlamaktadır. Üstün yetenekli bireylerin eğitiminde Singapur 1983 yılında
başlatılan programı güncelleyerek devam ettirirken, Türkiye’nin 1929 yılında
başlayan üstün yetenekli bireylerin eğitiminde sık değişiklikler yaparak
devamlılığı sağlayamadığı görülmüştür.
Ortaokul Matematik Ders Kitaplarının İncelenmesinde Kullanılan Kavramsal Çerçeveler
Authors: KANDEMİR Mehmet Ali , YILDIZ Yıldız
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışma, ortaokul
matematik ders kitaplarının incelenmesinde kullanılan kavramsal çerçevelerini
belirlemeye yönelik içerik analizi çalışmasıdır. Bu amaçla 2006-2018 yılları
arasında YökTez, Google Akademik, DergiPark, ERIC, Sobiad’ da araştırmacıların
belirlemiş oldukları ölçütlere uyan 11 tez ve 35 makale incelenmiştir.
Araştırma kapsamına alınan makale ve tezler yayın yılları, araştırma
yöntemleri, analiz yöntemleri vb. gibi birçok değişkene göre analiz
edilmiştir.  Araştırma sonuçları
istatistikler, grafikler ve tablolar şeklinde sunulmuştur. Araştırma kapsamında
incelenen makale ve tezlerin
araştırmacıları daha çok kendi oluşturdukları kodlamaları ya da belli bir
kavramsal çerçeveyi geliştirerek ortaokul matematik ders kitaplarını analiz
etmişlerdir. Makale ve tezlerde daha çok nitel araştırma yöntemleri
kullanılmış ve nitel veri analiz yöntemlerine göre ortaokul matematik ders
kitapları analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca son yıllarda ortaokul matematik ders
kitapları ile ilgili makale sayısının arttığı, makale ve tezlerde
araştırmacıların daha çok 7.sınıf matematik ders kitabını inceledikleri
belirlenmiştir.
Investıgatıon of Natural Mycoflora and Aflatoxin Formation in Hazelnuts and Products
Authors: KESKİN Z. Seba , GÜRSOY Nevcihan
Published: December 2019

In this study, natural mycoflora of 30 raw and 50
roasted hazelnut, 20 hazelnut paste and 50 inner membrane samples and their
total aflatoxin contents were determined. In mycological isolations, 1.8-2.56%
of Aspergillus flavus and 42.7-65.44%
of A. niger were determined in the
raw hazelnut samples. A. flavus
(2.2-12.2%) and A. niger (33.3-74.5%)
were also detected in roasted hazelnut, while the percentages of these
microorganisms in hazelnut paste samples were 0-13.1% and 43.5-100.0%,
respectively. The ratio of A. flavus
and A. niger in inner membranes was
found to be 2.6-16.2% and 44.6-89.4%, respectively. Aflatoxin analysis showed
that the levels of aflatoxin were 2.11–10.03 ppb in raw hazelnut, 0.1–4.04 ppb
in roasted hazelnut, 0.2-6.02 ppb in hazelnut paste samples and 0.7-38.2 ppb in
inner membrane samples. While only one of the raw hazelnut, roasted hazelnut
and hazelnut paste samples had toxin above the legal limit, 100% of the inner
membrane samples showed different levels of aflatoxin contamination. Since
there is no limitation in the Turkish Food Codex on hazelnut inner membrane,
the amount of aflatoxin, which is higher than 10 ppb in 25 of the samples, was
considered to be high contamination. Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U analyses
were used for statistical evaluation of the samples. There was a significant
difference in aflatoxin formation and moisture content between the samples in
different groups (p <0.05).
Examination of Radiation Absorption Properties of Pb(NO3)2 Doped Wallpapers
Authors: KAVUN Yusuf
Published: December 2019

The harmful
effects of radiation on human health have long been recognized. These effects
include radiation burns, radiation diseases, shortening of life span, cancer
and hereditary disorders. Therefore, the absorption properties and
applicability of the material used in radiation shielding are very important.
Hence, studies are underway on the development of different types of shielding
materials. In this study, radiation absorption properties of lead (II) nitrate
Pb(NO3)2 coated wall papers were investigated. The wall
papers in different densities (100% precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC), 2.5
g, 5 g, and 7.5 g amounts of Pb(NO3)2) and various
thicknesses (0.176-0.236 mm) were prepared and investigated. 4 MeV-energized
electrons were applied to the Pb(NO3)2 coated wall papers
and measurements were taken with the PTW brand electron detector. Also,
theoretical calculations have been done by using WinXCom program. According to
the obtained results, these wallpapers' absorption properties increased
depending on thickness. Thus, it has been seen that the Pb(NO3)2
coated wallpapers can be used with other materials in radiation shielding.
İş yerinde duygusal taciz (mobbing) ve yaşam doyumu ilişkisi: Burdur ilinde bir araştırma
Authors: AKDEMİR Hande , TAŞ Mehmet Ali , ÇİÇEK Hüseyin
Published: December 2019

Örgütsel ve bireysel yıkımlara sebep olan duygusal taciz (mobbing) veya psikolojik bezdirme davranışları sistematik şekilde uygulanarak kurbanı sindirmeye, boyun eğdirmeye ve saygılı bir bireye dönüştürmeyi hedeflemektedir. Ancak tüm bu davranışlar ahlak dışı ve zor kullanılarak uygulanmaktadır. Bireyin rızası dışında gerçekleşen bu baskılar bireyin yaşama ilişkin genel bakışını, öznel iyi oluşunu, mutluluğunu ve yaşam doyumunu önemli düzeyde düşürmektedir. Bu araştırma, Burdur ilinde faaliyet gösteren fastfood restaurantların ve kafelerin çalışanlarına yönelik uygulanan duygusal tacizin çalışanların yaşam doyumlarına olan etkisini incelemek ve bu iki kavram arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda anket yöntemiyle 203 çalışandan toplanan veriler SPSS 22 paket programıyla analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre bir bütün olarak duygusal taciz ölçeği ve boyutlarından olan kişisel itibarı zedeleyici davranışlar ve kendini göstermesinin engellenmesi ile yaşam doyumu arasında anlamlı ve negatif yönlü bir ilişki saptanmıştır. Bu değişkenler ayrıca anlamlı ve negatif şekilde yaşam doyumunu etkilemektedir. Bu bulguların yanı sıra katılımcıların cinsiyeti bağlamında anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmezken; kadın yöneticilerinin olduğu işletmelerde yaşam kalitesi ve mesleki itibarı zedeleyen davranışların anlamlı şekilde daha fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Cep telefonu pazarında müşteri memnuniyetini etkileyen faktörlerin ACSI modeliyle araştırılması
Authors: ARI Erkan , YILMAZ Veysel , ÇELME KABAKÇI Gizem
Published: December 2019

Cep telefonu sektörü, teknolojiyle beraber her geçen yıl daha fazla gelişerek inovasyonun en önemli faktör olduğu bir sektör haline gelmektedir. Her marka tüketiciyi daha iyiye ve daha yeniye kavuşturmak için çaba göstermekte, yüzlerce ürün tasarlanmaktadır. Bu durum tüketicinin karar vermesi için çok fazla faktörün ortaya çıkmasına neden olmaktadır. Böylelikle özellikle cep telefonu pazarında müşteri memnuniyetini sağlamak büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Amerikan Müşteri Memnuniyeti Modeli (ACSI) ile İzmir’de yaşayan ve akıllı telefon kullanan insanların cep telefonu markalarına olan memnuniyet ve sadakatlerini araştırmaktır. Modelin test edilmesinde Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli (YEM) kullanılmıştır. Araştırma modelinde yer alan faktörler; Algılan Kalite, Algılanan Değer, Müşteri Şikayetleri, Müşteri Beklentileri ve Müşteri Sadakatidir. Çalışmada kullanılan veriler, İzmir’de Bornova, Karşıyaka, Foça, Buca, Çiğli, Bayraklı ilçelerinde ikamet eden farklı meslek ve yaş gruplarına ait kişiler arasından rastgele seçilen 319 kişiye birebir görüşme neticesinde anket yapılarak elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada, önerilen araştırma modeli YEM ile analiz edilmiş ve modelin uygunluğu çeşitli uyum ölçütlerine göre değerlendirilmiştir. Model uyumu için hesaplanan ki-kare değeri 290,60 ve (χ2/sd) değeri ise 2,64 olarak hesaplanmıştır.  Verilerin analizlerden; memnuniyet ile şikâyet ve sadakat arasındaki ilişki katsayıları sırasıyla 0,76 ve 0,94 olarak hesaplanmıştır.
System Models of Risk Management in the Formation of Programs of Innovative Development of the Region
Authors: Uandykova M. K.
Published: December 2019

Purpose:the aim of the work is to study the risks of innovative development of regions and industries, develop systemic risk management models in the formation and implementation of innovative development programs in the region.

Methods:the work used general scientific methods and approaches to research, such as analysis, comparison, generalization, optimization methods. Methodological approaches of risk management models include concepts, approaches aimed at the problems of risk management in the formation and implementation of regional innovative development programs, studied in domestic and foreign literature; mathematical apparatus of dichotomous and network programming.

Results:the article provides a methodological justification and description of the criteria aspects of managing such tasks, risk analysis, develops a theory of project risks of a complex of innovative development programs for regions, presents models for assessing complex risk of a program, gives a statement of the problem of risk management and the formation of multi-purpose programs taking into account complex risks, as well as limitations for financing medium-risk and high-risk programs, algorithms for solving the risk management problem by dichotomous methods and networks are presented of programming. The transition from program-targeted management to integrated (joint system use of the project and scenario approaches) was completed, which allowed us to consider them holistically, form a complex of projects–programs, apply risk management mechanisms based on qualitative assessments and propose quantitative models for managing project and program risks of a program complex.

Conclusions and Relevance:the proposed approach can be used in the formation and implementation of many program-targeted documents of the state and regional level with the transition to project management, as a tool for analysis and accounting of risks.
Human papilloma virus vaccination: knowledge, awareness and acceptability among medical and paramedical students
Authors: Hoblidar Suchith , Moni Suma S. , Desai Rathnamala M. , Neravi Asha
Published: December 2019

Background: Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death in india. it is also one of the few malignancies where an infectious etiological agent human papilloma virus (HPV) has been identified. With the advent of HPV vaccination, it is possible to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with carcinoma cervix. But biggest hurdle to achieve this is the lack of awareness about the availability and use of HPV vaccine. This study was conducted to know knowledge and awareness of HPV infection and vaccination among medical and paramedical students. We also evaluated the acceptability and coverage of HPV vaccine among these students.Methods: This study was conducted among a total of 520 female students of the Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University with the help of a questionnaire. The study group included 207 MBBS students, 167 BDS students, 89 nursing students and 57 physiotherapy students.Results: Most of the students were in 18-20 years’ age group. Nearly 40.57% of the students knew that HPV is sexually transmitted and 29.80% were aware that this infection can be prevented. Availability of HPV vaccine was known to 75% of the students and the main source of their information was through their college teachings. Nearly 43.75% of the students knew HPV vaccine protects against cervical cancer and 26.73% of the students were vaccinated. Overall knowledge and awareness were better among medical students.Conclusions: A lot of work needs to be done so as to make the target population accept HPV vaccine. There is a great difference between awareness of availability of the vaccine and its use. This emphasizes the need for health care professionals to take special interest in promoting this vaccine in the general population.
Correlation of vitamin B12 deficiency with metformin therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Nayyar S. B. , Dhillon Manbir Kaur , Kukreja Sahiba
Published: December 2019

Background: Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine and metabolic disorder, characterized by hyperglycemia. Metformin is the first line pharmacotherapy recommended by ADA. It has been recognized that metformin use is associated with serum vitamin B12 deficiency. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of serum vitamin B12 deficiency among Indian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on metformin therapy compared to those who are not on metformin.Methods: Here, 90 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus of both sexes were included in this cross-sectional study conducted from January 2018 to August 2019 in SGRDIMSR, Sri Amritsar. They were divided into two groups; Group A of 60 subjects of type 2 diabetes mellitus on metformin therapy >1 year and group B of 30 subjects of type 2 diabetes mellitus not on metformin or had stopped taking metformin 6 months back. Serum vitamin B12 levels were measured using a Chemiluminescence method.  Data was statistically analysed.Results: The serum vitamin B12 levels were 190.02±90.75 pmol/l in group A (metformin users) and 586.9±243.69 pmol/l in group B (not metformin users) (p value=0.002). A significant negative correlation existed between the serum vitamin B12 and duration and dose of metformin use (r꞊ -0.676) and (r -0.855) by using Pearson’s correlation coefficient in group A.Conclusions: Metformin is associated with decrease in serum vitamin B12 levels. Annual screening of serum vitamin B12 is recommended for patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus who are on metformin therapy for longer duration and /or in higher doses.
Plasmid-mediated suppression of the mutational activation of the bgl operon in Shigella sonnei.
Authors: Kharat A S , Mahadevan S
Published: December 2019

SSOR, a clinical isolate of Shigella sonnei which exhibits a Salicin-negative phenotype, is unable to mutate to give rise to Sal+ derivatives although a homolog of the Escherichia coli bgl operon is retained by the strain. This was correlated to the presence of an endogenous plasmid in the strain. A plasmid-cured derivative, AK711, could give rise to Sal+ mutants in two steps. Introduction of the plasmid DNA, extracted from SSOR, into various strains of E. coli and S. sonnei, resulted in ampicillin resistant transformants. Interestingly, the presence of the plasmid suppressed the mutational activation of the bgl operon in the transformants. This was further substantiated by the observation that, transformants that have lost the plasmid regained the ability for mutational activation of the bgl operon. Preliminary characterisation of the plasmid indicated a size of 3.8 kb with an origin of replication resembling that of ColE1 replicons and the bla gene homolog of Tn3. Observations of the mutation frequency at the srl and lac loci in the presence of the plasmid indicate that there is a reduction in the mutation frequency, suggesting an antimutator activity associated with the plasmid.
Probing iso-1-cytochrome c structure by site-directed spin labeling and electron paramagnetic resonance techniques.
Authors: Pyka J , Osyczka A , Turyna B , Blicharski W , Froncisz W
Published: December 2019

A cysteine-specific methanethiosulfonate spin label was introduced into yeast iso-1-cytochrome c at three different positions. The modified forms of cytochrome c included: the wild-type protein labeled at naturally occurring C102, and two mutated proteins, S47C and L85C, labeled at positions 47 and 85, respectively (both S47C and L85C derived from the protein in which C102 had been replaced by threonine). All three spin-labeled protein derivatives were characterized using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques. The continuous wave (CW) EPR spectrum of spin label attached to L85C differed from those recorded for spin label attached to C102 or S47C, indicating that spin label at position 85 was more immobilized and exhibited more complex tumbling than spin label at two other positions. The temperature dependence of the CW EPR spectra and CW EPR power saturation revealed further differences of spin-labeled L85C. The results were discussed in terms of application of the site-directed spin labeling technique in probing the local dynamic structure of iso-1-cytochrome c.
Low molecular mass products of depolymerization of purified mucin--attempts at isolation and characterization.
Authors: Minkiewicz I , Gindzieński A
Published: December 2019

Samples of crude mucin were incubated at room temperature for 48 and 96 h in a sodium azide containing buffer, pH 7.0. Then each sample was purified, reduced and alkylated with iodo[14C]acetamide. Electrophoretic analysis demonstrated that radioactivity was incorporated into the mucin subunits and proteins of 100 and 140 kDa. The results of our experiments suggest that the released proteins can be a part of mucin molecule, cleaved by proteolysis and reduction of disulfide bridges.
Inhibition of tumor growth by interleukin 10 gene transfer in B16(F10) melanoma cells.
Authors: Walos S , Szary J , Szala S
Published: December 2019

Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a potent immunosuppressive cytokine with an antitumor activity. The effect of IL-10 on tumor growth was tested in murine melanoma cells manipulated by gene transfer to secrete IL-10. In mice bearing B16(F10) tumors expressing IL-10 tumor growth was decreased depending on the amount of secreted IL-10.
Protection of cattle against bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection could be attained by DNA vaccination.
Authors: Brillowska A , Dabrowski S , Rułka J , Kubiś P , Buzała E , Kur J
Published: December 2019

The bovine leukemia virus (BLV) envelope gene encoding extracellular glycoprotein gp51 and transmembrane glycoprotein gp30 was cloned into a vehicle expression vector under the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) intermediate early promoter. The intramuscular injection of this plasmid vector generated a cellular immune response. Seven out of ten cows vaccinated with the DNA construct resisted a drastic challenge (500 BLV-infected lymphocytes as an infectious dose).
The access of metabolites into yeast mitochondria in the presence and absence of the voltage dependent anion selective channel (YVDAC1).
Authors: Kmita H , Stobienia O , Michejda J
Published: December 2019

Since yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants depleted of the voltage dependent anion selective channel (YVDAC1) are still able to grow on a non-fermentable carbon source, a functional transport system in the outer mitochondrial membrane must exist to support the access of metabolites into mitochondria. It was assumed that the properties of the system could be inferred from the differences in the results observed between wild type and mutant mitochondria since no crucial differences in this respect between the two types of mitoplasts were observed. YVDAC1-depleted mitochondria displayed a highly reduced permeability of the outer membrane, which was reflected in increased values of K0.5(NADH) for respiration and K0.5(ADP) for triggering phosphorylating state as well as in delayed action of carboxyatractylate (CATR) in inhibition of phosphorylating state. The parameters were chosen to express the accessibility of the applied species to the intermembrane space. The passage of the molecules through the outer membrane depleted of YVDAC1 could be partially improved in the presence of bivalent cations (Mg2+, Ca2+), as in their presence lower values of the calculated parameters were obtained. The restrictions imposed on the transport of molecules through the YVDAC1-depleted outer membrane resulted in a competition between them for the access to the intermembrane space as measured by changes in parameters observed for a given species in the presence of another one. The competition was stronger in the absence of Mg2+ and depended on charge and size of transported molecules, as the strongest competitor was CATR and the weakest one--NADH. Thus, it can be concluded that the transport system functioning in the absence of YVDAC1 is modulated by bivalent cations and charge as well as size of transported molecules. Since an increased level of respiration due to the dissipation of delta psi causes an increase of K0.5(NADH) in both wild type and YVDAC1-depleted mitochondria it is concluded that a common property of YVDAC1 and the system functioning in YVDAC1-depleted mitochondria seems to be the dependence of the capacity on the level of mitochondrial respiration.
Structural polymorphism of telomeres studied by photon correlation spectroscopy.
Authors: Włodarczyk A , Gapiński J , Patkowski A , Dobek A
Published: December 2019

Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (PCS) was used to study the dynamics and structure of Tetrahymena telomeric sequence d(5'-TGGGGT-3')4. Two different modes were observed, corresponding to the following structures: intermolecular (tetramolecular) G-quadruplex and intramolecular (monomeric) G-quartet. Experimental values of translational diffusion coefficients DT were obtained for each structural form. The value of DT for the monomer equals to 1.4 x 10(6) (cm2/s), while for the tetramolecular structure, to 0.8 x 10(6) (cm2/s). The relative weight concentrations of these two forms were analyzed versus the concentration of NaCl varied from 10 mM to 500 mM. The values of experimentally determined diffusion coefficients were compared with those calculated assuming the "bead model" and with the atomic coordinates from the NMR and X-ray crystallographic data. For both structures the experimental and calculated values of DT were in reasonable agreement. In the entire NaCl concentration range studied, the contribution of the relative weight concentration of the monomeric telomere form changed from 85% for 10 mM NaCl to 60% for 500 mM NaCl.
Nitric oxide mediates the mitogenic effects of insulin and vascular endothelial growth factor but not of leptin in endothelial cells.
Authors: Józkowicz A , Pankiewicz J , Dulak J , Partyka L , Wybrańska I , Huk I , Dembińska-Kieć A
Published: December 2019

The regulation of vascular wall homeostasis by nitric oxide (NO) generated by endothelium is being intensively studied. In the present paper, the involvement of NO in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin or leptin-stimulated proliferation of human endothelial cells (HUVEC) was measured by [3H]thymidine or bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. VEGF and insulin, but not leptin, increased NO generation in HUVEC, as detected with ISO-NO electrode. Proliferation of HUVEC induced by leptin was not changed or was higher in the presence of N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor. In contrast, L-NAME blunted the proproliferative effect of VEGF and insulin. Furthermore, we demonstrated that, in human arterial smooth muscle cells (hASMC) transfected with endothelial NOS (eNOS) gene, the generation of biologically active VEGF protein was NO-dependent. Inhibition of NO generation by L-NAME decreased the synthesis of VEGF protein and attenuated HUVEC proliferation induced by conditioned media from transfected hASMC. Endothelium-derived NO seems to participate in VEGF and insulin, but not leptin, mitogenic activity. Additionally, the small amounts of NO released from endothelial cells, as mimicked by eNOS transfection into hASMC, may activate generation of VEGF in sub-endothelial smooth muscle cells, leading to increased synthesis of VEGF protein necessary for turnover and restitution of endothelial cells.
Anticoagulative effect of pepsin.
Authors: Gacko M , Roszkowska-Jakimiec W , Jasielczuk J
Published: December 2019

Anticoagulative effect of pepsin is observed in vitro when its concentration is 36 microM and higher. This effect is due to inhibition of fibrin monomer polymerization. Protamine abolishes anticoagulative effect of pepsin. Pepsin does not influence platelet aggregation induced by ADP and collagen.
Molecular analysis of hemophilia B in Poland: 12 novel mutations of the factor IX gene.
Authors: Wulff K , Bykowska K , Lopaciuk S , Herrmann F H
Published: December 2019

We examined the molecular basis of factor IX deficiency in 53 unrelated Polish patients with hemophilia B. Heteroduplex analysis and direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were applied to identify the gene defect. Forty-three different point mutations were detected in the factor IX gene of 47 patients. There were 29 missense mutations, 9 nonsense mutations, 4 splice site mutations and 1 point mutation in the promoter region. Twelve mutations were novel. The results of this study emphasize a very high degree of heterogeneity of hemophilia B.
Carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndromes.
Authors: Kościelak J
Published: December 2019

Carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndromes are rare, multisystemic diseases, typically with major nervous system impairment, that are caused by hypo- and unglycosylation of N-linked glycoproteins. Hence, a biochemical evidence of this abnormality, like hypoglycosylation of serum transferrin is essential for diagnosis. Clinically and biochemically, six types of the disease have been delineated. Three of them are caused by deficiencies of the enzymes that are required for a proper glycosylation of lipid--(dolichol) linked oligosaccharide (phosphomannomutase or phosphomannose isomerase or alpha-glycosyltransferase), and one results from a deficiency of Golgi resident N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II. In addition one variant of the disease has been reported as due to a defective biosynthesis of dolichol iself. The diseases are heritable but genetics has been established for only two types. Therapy, based on administration of mannose to patients is currently under investigation. It benefits patients with deficiency of phosphomannose isomerase. Taking into account the complexity of N-linked glycosylation of proteins more of the disease variants is expected to be found.
Effect of thyroid hormone on the myosin heavy chain isoforms in slow and fast muscles of the rat.
Authors: Jakubiec-Puka A , Ciechomska I , Mackiewicz U , Langford J , Chomontowska H
Published: December 2019

The myosin heavy chain (MHC) was studied by biochemical methods in the slow-twitch (soleus) and two fast-twitch leg muscles of the triiodothyronine treated (hyperthyroid), thyroidectomized (hypothyroid) and euthyroid (control) rats. The changes in the contents of individual MHC isoforms(MHC-1, MHC-2A, MHC-2B and MHC-2X) were evaluated in relation to the muscle mass and the total MHC content. The MHC-1 content decreased in hyperthyreosis, while it increased in hypothyreosis in the soleus and in the fast muscles. The MHC-2A content increased in hyperthyreosis and it decreased in hypothyreosis in the soleus muscle. In the fast muscles hyperthyreosis did not affect the MHC-2A content, whereas hypothyreosis caused an increase in this MHC isoform content. The MHC-2X, present only in traces or undetected in the control soleus muscle, was synthesised in considerable amount in hyperthyreosis; in hypothyreosis the MHC-2X was not detected in the soleus. In the fast muscles the content of MHC-2X was not affected by any changes in the thyroid hormone level. The MHC-2B seemed to be not influenced by hyperthyreosis in the fast muscles, whereas the hypothyreosis caused a decrease of its content. In the soleus muscle the MHC-2B was not detected in any groups of rats. The results suggest that the amount of each of the four MHC isoforms expressed in the mature rat leg muscles is influenced by the thyroid hormone in a different way. The MHC-2A and the MHC-2X are differently regulated in the soleus and in the fast muscles; thyroid hormone seems to be necessary for expression of those isoforms in the soleus muscle.
Self-organizing neural network for modeling 3D QSAR of colchicinoids.
Authors: Polański J
Published: December 2019

A novel scheme for modeling 3D QSAR has been developed. A method involving multiple self-organizing neural network adjusted to be analyzed by the PLS (partial least squares) analysis was used to model 3D QSAR of the selected colchicinoids. The model obtained allows the identification of some structural determinants of the biological activity of compounds.
The ability of new formamidine sugar-modified derivatives of daunorubicin to stimulate free radical formation in three enzymatic systems: NADH dehydrogenase, NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase and xanthine oxidase.
Authors: Pawłowska J , Tarasiuk J , Borowski E , Wasowska M , Oszczapowicz I , Wolf C R
Published: December 2019

Some sterically hindered N-substituted derivatives of daunorubicin are known to be poor substrates for NADH dehydrogenase, NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase and xanthine oxidase. In consequence, poor oxygen radical generation by these compounds is observed. In this study we examined a new family of sugar-N-substituted derivatives of daunorubicin bearing a bulky substituent introduced on the nitrogen atom through the amidine spacer. These compounds were found to be very active in radical formation catalyzed by all three studied enzymes. Thus, the introduction of a heterocyclic ring, even if it is bulky but flexible, on the nitrogen atom of daunosamine moiety through the one-atom spacer (amidine group), does not induce the steric hindrance effect on the interaction of daunorubicin derivatives with these flavoprotein enzymes.
ATP-binding domain of NTPase/helicase as a target for hepatitis C antiviral therapy.
Authors: Borowski P , Mueller O , Niebuhr A , Kalitzky M , Hwang L H , Schmitz H , Siwecka M A , Kulikowsk T
Published: December 2019

To enhance the inhibitory potential of 1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (ribavirin) vs hepatitis C virus (HCV) NTPase/helicase, ribavirin-5'-triphosphate (ribavirin-TP) was synthesized and investigated. Ribavirin-TP was prepared with the use of modified Yoshikawa-Ludwig-Mishra-Broom procedure (cf. Mishra & Broom, 1991, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun, 1276-1277) involving phosphorylation of unprotected nucleoside. Kinetic analysis revealed enhanced inhibitory potential of ribavirin-TP (IC50=40 microM) as compared to ribavirin (IC50 > 500 microM). Analysis of the inhibition type by means of graphical methods showed a competitive type of inhibition with respect to ATP. In view of the relatively low specificity towards nucleoside-5'-triphosphates (NTP) of the viral NTPase/helicases, it could not be ruled out that the investigated enzyme hydrolyzed the ribavirin-TP to less potent products. Investigations on non- hydrolysable analogs of ribavirin-TP or ribavirin-5'-diphosphate (ribavirin-DP) are currently under way.
Błąd glottodydaktyczny w zakresie podsystemu fonicznego – głos w dyskusji
Authors: Biernacka Michalina
Published: December 2019

Klasyfikacje błędów popełnianych przez cudzoziemców uczących się języka polskiego jako obcego oparte są zazwyczaj albo na podziałach typowych dla polszczyzny (np. za A. Markowskim), albo na ujęciach interferencyjnych (np. za H. Komorowską). Odkąd ukute zostały terminy norma glottodydaktyczna i błąd glottodydaktyczny, uchybienia zaczęły być rozpatrywane bardzo indywidualnie, z uwzględnieniem interjęzyka uczących się, co jednak spowodowało uproszczenia w ich opisie. Wyjątkowo trudny w opracowaniu zdaje się podsystem foniczny języka polskiego, którego wariantywność form nie przekłada się na odpowiednie zróżnicowanie normy (nawet przy dwubiegunowości wzorcowej i użytkowej). Błędy wymowy cudzoziemców zaczęły ostatnio być również przedmiotem zainteresowania logopedii, lecz choć poczytuje się to jako cenne naukowo, to nie bez zastrzeżeń przyjmuje się wszelkie współczesne koncepcje. Celem artykułu jest zabranie głosu w dyskusji na temat sposobu postrzegania błędów fonetycznych popełnianych przez obcokrajowców.
Kategoria rodzaju gramatycznego w systemie językowym, dyskursie i glottodydaktyce
Authors: Pałuszyńska Edyta
Published: December 2019

Celem artykułu jest opis kategorii rodzaju w języku polskim z trzech perspektyw: systemu gramatycznego, dyskursu oraz glottodydaktyki. W opisie gramatycznym autorka kładzie nacisk na funkcję składniową oraz zasady podziału rzeczowników na rodzaje. Zwraca uwagę na różny sposób językowego symbolizowania płci w dyskursie, który może być rozbieżny z rodzajem gramatycznym. Zauważa różnice między przyswajaniem omawianej kategorii przez rodzimych i nierodzimych użytkowników. Z perspektywy gramatyki pedagogicznej analizuje błędy cudzoziemców w zakresie rodzaju i proponuje ogólne zasady nauczania tej kategorii.
Antep Fıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) Üreticilerinin Tarımsal Mücadele Konusundaki Bilgi Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi: Türkiye, Siirt İli Örneği
Authors: DİLMEN Halil , PALA Fırat , ÖZER DİLMEN Meryem
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışma; Antep fıstığı üreticilerinin tarımsal mücadelede tarım ilacı kullanımı ile ilgili bilgi seviyelerinin belirlenmesi,çevre duyarlılıklarının incelenmesi ve zararlılara karşı en etkili kontrol yöntemlerini önermek amacıyla yürütülmüştür.Çalışma, Türkiye’nin Antep fıstığı üretiminde önemli potansiyele sahip olan Siirt ilinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, % 95güven ve % 10 hata düzeyinde tesadüfi yöntemlerle, 100 kişi ile 45 sorudan oluşan bir anket yapılmıştır. Anket sonuçları,istatistiksel analize tabi tutulmuş ve ortalamalar % olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; üreticilerin% 66’sının zararlının yoğunluğuna bakmaksızın tarım ilacı kullandığı, % 71’inin ilaç dozunu etikete göre hazırlamadığı,% 83’ünün biyolojik mücadeleyi bilmediği ve % 88’inin entegre mücadele hakkında herhangi bir bilgiye sahip olmadığıtespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, üreticilerin eğitim seviyelerinin düşük olduğu, tarım ilaçlarını aşırı miktardakullandığı, insan ve çevre sağlığı ile biyoçeşitlilik gibi konuları önemsemedikleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Sonuç olarak, Antepfıstığı yetiştiricilerine ilgili kurumlar tarafından tarımsal mücadele konusunda belirli aralıklarla eğitimlerin düzenlenmesi sonderece faydalı olacağı kanısındayız.
Pszichoszomatikus tünetek gyakoriságát befolyásoló tényezők 18–90 éves nők körében
Authors: FEHÉR Piroska V. , ANNÁR Dorina , ZSÁKAI Annamária , BODZSÁR Éva B.
Published: December 2019

Psychosomatic health complaints are common in children and adults as well, and affect the quality of later life. Age tendency of psychosomatic complaints are influenced by regional, socioeconomic, environmental and lifestyle factors. Our aims were to reveal the age pattern of the psychosomatic health complaints in Hungarian women aged 18–90 years and to identify those components of lifestyle, body structure and environmental factors that affect the pattern of psychosomatic complaints among 18–90 year-old women.

Healthy premenopausal and postmenopausal women were enrolled to the present analysis (n=483). Three groups of the psychosomatic health complaints were used: somatic (abdominal pain, headache, dizziness), psychic (irritability, nervousness, grumpiness) and sleep disorders (awakenings during the night, falling asleep difficulties, waking up tired). Frequency distributions of women experiencing somatic, psychic complaints and sleep disorders often (daily or several times a week) were analysed by comparing the results derived from our previous auxological study. Logistic regression analysis was applied to reveal the relationship between the groups of psychosomatic health complaints and the hypothesized predictive factors.

The frequency of the most psycho-somatic complaints reached maximum values in the age-group of 21–25 years and another increase was identified in women aged 56–60. Irritability, waking up tired and awakenings during the night were the most frequently reported symptoms. The frequency of symptom of awakenings during the night increased up to the age group of 61–65 years. The results of the regression analysis revealed that the frequency of the psychic complaints and the level of physical activity affected the frequency of somatic complaints. Age, sleep disorders and somatic complaints were determinants of the psychic complaints. Postmenopausal status and the frequency of the psychic complaints influenced the frequency of sleep disorders.

Numerous factors of lifestyle and body structure were tested in the analysis. Special life events (school, work, birth of children, menopause) are suspected in the background of the highlighted periods. More factors (socioeconomic status, nutrition, health condition, disabilities) should be considered in future studies.
A Kelet-Dunántúl avar kori népességváltozásainak történeti embertani vizsgálata
Authors: SZENICZEY Tamás
Published: December 2019

During the Early Avar period, the Eastern-Transdanubian part of the Carpathian Basin was characterized by cultural heterogeneity. Beside the late antique and Germanic cultural elements the byzantine goods as well as the steppe traditions were included in the archaeological material of this period. The multicultural milieu completely disappeared by the beginning of the Late Avar Period that was defined by a much more standardized culture. In the light of the cultural changes, could we assume that the bearers of the antique and Germanic culture of the Early Avar period are the descendants of the former Romance and Lombard groups? If so, what happened to this populations during the Avar Period, how did they interact with the steppe-originated Avars? Was the Late Avar acculturation caused by new immigrants or is it solely a cultural integration?

Based on the results of my dissertation, the continuity of the late antique and Germanic groups to the Early Avar period has been proved. The cultural influences and relations of these local populations contributed to the emergence of the Early Avar material culture of Eastern-Transdanubia. The Early Avar period males of other regions had little biological impact on the Eastern-Transdanubian population, however females migrated here to a greater extent. The sex-specific migration rate resulted that the anthropological traits of the local males persisted even through the Late Avar period, while the continuity of the females localised to Baranya-county.

During the Late Avar period new populations had arrived to Eastern-Transdanubia and occupied mostly the present territories of Tolna- and Fejér-counties. As far as Baranya-county is concerned, the Late Avar period population was formed on the basis of Romance, Germanic and Early Avar period population. The new inhabitants of Eastern-Transdanubia had biological relations with populations living in the Danube-Tisza Interfluve and along the Tisza. Since these regions cover a relatively large geographic area, further systematic comparative studies are necessary to decipher the origin of these populations. Considering that there were similarities between the locally formed Late Avar period populations of Eastern-Transdanubia and the new immigrants, their biological integration could happen rapidly. From a demographic point of view, it is not possible to establish a causal relationship between the new population and the onset of the Late Avar period. Therefore, the cultural transition could have rather been the result of a cultural integration process.
Incumbent di Mata Pemilih
Authors: Agus Agus
Published: December 2019

Nalar politik selalu megamini proposisi bahwa incumbent sebagai kandidat paling diuntungkan dalam kontestasi pemilukada. Meskipun demikian, incumbent tidak selalu dapat memenangkan pemilihan, sebab di beberapa tempat, incumbent mengalami kekalahan. Ada dua aspek yang dapat dilihat sebagai penentu kemenangan incumbent, yakni; faktor subjektifitas pemilih dan faktor objektivitas pemilih. Faktor pertama mencakup; persepsi, sikap dan perilaku positif pemilih terhadap incumbent bersangkutan. Faktor kedua mencakup; kebijakan publik, birokrasi, partai politik, dan ormas. Faktor pertama berfungsi sebagai yang mengkonstruksi faktor pertama.
URGENSITAS UU NO. 32 TAHUN 2004 TERHADAP PILKADA SERTA IMPLIKASINYA DALAM PERUBAHAN SOSIAL KEMASYARAKATAN (Tinjauan Terhadap Pilkada NTB Tahun 2008)
Authors: Hamid Ihsan
Published: December 2019

Artikel ini berusaha memotret perjalanan penerapan otonomi daerah di Indonesia yang telah beberapa kali mengalami perubahan, yang dipengaruhi oleh situasi perpolitikan nasional dalam rangka melakukan pemerataan kemakmuran masyarakat di Indonesia. Dilihat dari perubahan sistem otonomi daerah yang diberlakukan, perubahan yang sangat prinsip dan mendasar terjadi pada tahun 2004, saat diberlakukannya Undang-undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2004, yang memberikan kewenangan cukup besar terhadap daerah sekaligus menandakan hubungan pusat dan daerah dilakukan dengan pola desentralisasi, termasuk salah satu point penting yang menjadi amanah Undang-undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2004 tersebut adalah sistim pemilihan kepala daerah yang dilakukan secara langsung oleh rakyat yang sebelumnya dilakukan oleh DPRD provinsi untuk pemilihan Gubernur dan DPRD Kabupaten/Kota untuk pemilihan Bupati/Walikota. Perubahan sistim pemilihan kepala daerah yang mendasar ini tentu menimbulkan dinamika baru ditengah sosial kemasyarakatan. Salah satunya, sangat rawan terjadinya gesekan dan konflik sosial dimasyarakat akibat adanya kompetisi ketat antar pendukung masing-masing calon yang melibatkan banyak masa. Hal ini kemudian memunculkan berbagai implikasi dan dinamika sosial kemasyarkatan yang menarik untuk dikaji dan ditelaah lebih lanjut.
Gerakan Islam Politik : Problem Ideologi Radikal, Global Jihad, dan Terorisme Keagamaan
Authors: Setiadi Ozi
Published: December 2019

Ideologi radikal, global jihad, dan terorisme keagamaan adalah hal yang terkait satu dengan yang lain. Jihad terlahir dari rahim ideologi radikal, begitu pula dengan terorisme yang dapat tumbuh dimana saja dengan doktrin jihad. Agama acapkali dijadikan sebagai alat guna membenarkan dan menjadi jalan bagi para pelaku radikalisme, global jihad, dan terorisme.Keinginan untuk merubah keadaan secara drastis dengan menggunakan berbagai cara telahmenimbulkan promblematika yang signifikan.Aksi-aksi radikalisme, global jihad, dan terorisme berdampak langsung bagi agama dan penganutnya. Agama yang dianut oleh para radikalis, jihadis, dan teroris akan dianggap sebagai agama yang mengajarkan tindakan teror, jihad, dan radikal. Pemeluknya secara luas akan dicap sebagai umat yang intoleran, sebab memaksakan keinginannya dengan menggunakan tiga hal tersebut. Hal ini pun dapat menyebabkan permusuhan dan perpecahan tidak hanya antar umat beragama, tetapi juga internal pemeluk agama. Sebab mayoritas pemeluk agama tidak sependapat dengan apa yang dilakukan oleh orang-orang yang menganggap dirinya mendapat perintah suci dari Tuhan, yakni para radikalis, jihadis, dan teroris.Gerakan-gerakantersebut di atas kemudian dapat dibaca sebagai salah satu bentuk gerakan Islam Politik yang perlu diperhatikan secara serius.
Dinamika Perang Suriah
Authors: Mudore Syarif Bahaudin , Safitri Nurlaila
Published: December 2019

This article examines actors in the Syrian civil war 2011-2019. The involvement of the super power states give some reasons of complexity in the Syrian civil war. Exactly, they have national interests that they protected during the war. Besides of that, this article proposed the main interests that found in this war. National interests and hegemony strategies played by foreign actors signify the strength of economic ambitions, especially weapons and oil business, and political power transactions. The theory of hegemony and national interests is positioned as a knife of analysis to identify the interests and motives of the involvement of state actors in Suriah conflicts. This research pursues the conclusion that both state actors who are pro-regime or not remain on the same frequency: seizing influence.
Dialektika Tradisi Keilmuan dalam Islam
Authors: Khashogi Luqman Rico
Published: December 2019

Diskursus keilmuan Mesir nampaknya bisa dianggap letupan awal dan menjadi acuan perkembangan pemikiran modern abad 20. Hal itu bermula dari dialektika inteligensia Muslim di Mesir pada kurun abad 17-19 yang mendapat tantangan hebat dari penetrasi Eropa. Di sinilah lempengan sejarah menarik yang menyedot perhatian dunia Islam. Ini merupakan massa di mana Mesir memasuki perubahan dan konstruksi sosial yang dinamis. Konstruksi ilmu yang membentuk wilayah itu berhasil mewarnai dan membuka berbagai akses dinamika sosial di Mesir. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi ilmu dan analisis dialektis. Beberapa tokoh dan pemikiran utamanya diurai. Tujuannya memberikan potret sosial dinamika pemikiran para inteligensia Muslim Mesir sebagai pengalaman dan bagian menarik dari tradisi keilmuan Islam. Hal penting yang menjadi pengalaman bagi dunia Islam adalah bahwa tradisi keilmuan dalam Islam yang membawa konstruksi ilmu di tengah masyarakat mesti berbuah amal. Pengalaman inteligensia Muslim Mesir selain memberikan traidisi dialogis juga mengajak kepada dunia Islam secara umum bahwa hegemoni industrialisasi dan modernisasi Barat perlu mendapat respon yang rasional agar aktivisme Islam berkembang dialektis, tidak statis. Mengedepankan rasionalisasi daripada stagnasi.
A importância da utilização da espécie Acmella oleracea L.
Authors: Santos Crisna Pereira dos , Nina Matheus Mendes , Rocha Sthefanie Felix da , Lima Renato Abreu
Published: December 2019

A utilização de espécies de plantas é o que mantém a sociedade em vários aspectos, usufruindo das propriedades benéficas que a biodiversidade oferece, incluindo entre ela a hortaliça Acmella oleracea L. conhecida popularmente como Jambu, sendo ele valor nutricional e comercial, extraída da flora. Desta forma, o trabalho visou caracterizar a importância desta espécie, mostrando suas propriedades em vários setores como funções nutritivas no alimento e cosmético. O artigo buscou fixar as principais benfeitorias através de revisões bibliográficas de determinados estudos entre eles, artigos, estudos de mestrados até doutorados, destacando a sua importância e como causa sua dormência. Com as revisões destes, foi possível notar que esta espécie de hortaliça é bastante estudada, pois possui substâncias essenciais que o corpo humano necessita, entre elas, vitaminas, cálcio, ferro e entre outros. A sua utilização trouxe para o estudo acadêmico uma visão diferente e complementar jamais vista em outras atividades.