bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of prevalence of inequalities in mental disorders between groups using Blinder– Oaxaca decomposition
Authors: Veisani Yousef , Mohamadian Fathola
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:

The prevalence of inequalities in sociodemographic factors in some mental disorders (MDs) has been shown in previous reports. The aim of this study was to assess the main contributors that affected prevalence of inequalities in MDs between groups.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This was a cross-sectional study that was conducted on adults in 10 cities from Ilam province. We selected participants using cluster sampling; clusters were cities (n
1 = 10), geographical area (n
2 = 153), and households (n
3 = 382). Screening tools and clinical interview were applied through standardized and validated questionnaires, namely, GHQ-28 and DSM-IV-TR, respectively. Participants were divided into socioeconomic groups via principal composition analysis (PCA). Blinder–Oaxaca approach was applied to distinguish the gap in inequalities between groups.

RESULTS:

The prevalence of MDs in the advantage group was 22.6% and, in disadvantages was 35.6%. The concentration index (CI) of the MD prevalence rate was −0.013 (95% CI: −0.022, −0.004) which indicated that MDs were more common in the disadvantaged groups. The odds of MDs in advantaged people was 81% more compared to the disadvantaged group (OR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.28, 2.57), also in females compared to males (1.60; 95% CI: 1.21, 2.24). Analysis of gap inequality between groups showed that the gap in prevalence rates of MDs between groups was 12%.

CONCLUSION:

This study revealed a socioeconomic inequality in MD rates in the adult population. Therefore, results of this study provide contributors in MDs inequality in order to control and reduce the prevalence of MDs in the community.
Effectiveness of anger management program on anger level, problem solving skills, communication skills, and adjustment among school-going adolescents
Authors: Anjanappa Shamala , Govindan Radhakrishnan , Munivenkatappa Manjula , Bhaskarapillai Binukumar
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:

Anger is a natural feeling which is essential for survival, however, which can impair functioning if it is excessive. Adolescents need to be equipped with skills to cope with their anger for the promotion of their health and safety. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of anger management program on anger level, problem solving skills, communication skills, and adjustment among school-going adolescents.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

An experimental, pre-test–post-test control group design with a multistage random sampling was adopted to select 128 school-going adolescents aged between 13 and 16 years. Experimental group received six sessions of anger management program, while control group received one session on anger management skill after the completion of post-assessment for both the groups. Sessions included education on anger, ABC analysis of behavior and relaxation training, modifying anger inducing thoughts, problem solving, and communication skills training. Assessment done after the 2 months of anger management program. Data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics.

RESULTS:

Study reveals the improvement in the problem solving skills (81.66 ± 4.81), communication skills (82.40 ± 3.82), adjustment (28.35 ± 3.76), and decreased anger level (56.48 ± 4.97). Within the experimental and between the experimental and control group, post-test mean scores differed significantly (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

The results revealed that the anger management program was effective in decreasing anger level and increasing problem solving skills, communication skills, and adjustment among school-going adolescents.
Models and components in disaster risk communication: A systematic literature review
Authors: Fathollahzadeh Abazar , Salmani Ibrahim , Morowatisharifabad Mohammad Ali , Khajehaminian Mohammad-Reza , Babaie Javad , Fallahzadeh Hossein
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND AND AIM:

Risk communication is considered a major factor in disaster risk management by the concerned policymakers and researchers. However, the incoherence of variables affecting risk communication in various studies makes it difficult to plan for disaster risk communication. This study aims to identify and classify the influential components in disaster risk communication.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This systematic review was conducted in 2020. Databases included PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. In searching for articles, there was no limit on the date of publication and the language of the article. The research addressed both natural and man-made disasters. The Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA) checklist was followed throughout the research, and the quality of the papers was assessed using the mixed methods evaluation tool (MMAT).

RESULTS:

In searching the articles, 3956 documents were obtained, of which 1025 duplicated articles were excluded. The titles and abstracts of the remaining documents (2931) were examined, of which 2822 were deleted, and the full text of 109 documents was studied for further assessment. Finally, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria and reviewing the full texts, 32 documents were considered to extract the data and for quality assessment. On studying the full text of the obtained documents, 115 components were found, which were classified into five groups (message, message sender, message receiver, message environment, message process) and 13 subgroups. In addition, the obtained components were classified as those proposed by the authors of the article and those obtained from disaster risk communication models.

CONCLUSION:

Identifying the effective components in the disaster risk communication gives a more comprehensive view of risk communication to the disaster managers and executives and provides the decision-makers with an important platform to be able to use the components of risk communication and increase the impact of messages and ultimately increase people's preparedness for disasters in planning operations for the risk communication.
Community-engaged medical education is a way to develop health promoters: A comparative study
Authors: Yazdani Shahram , Heidarpoor Peigham
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:

Although the importance of health promotion and empowerment of the community has been recognized for many years, there are still many barriers to adopting health promotion in the world. One of the solutions is socially accountable medical education and community engagement.

OBJECTIVE:

This study aimed to compare the medical programs of five medical schools that practiced community-engaged medical education to medical education in Iran.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This comparative study has been performed in 2022 by the four-stage Bereday method, including description (the educational programs of the selected medical schools were examined), interpretation (a validated checklist was prepared according to community-based strategies), proximity (similar and different information was identified), and comparison (solutions were recommended to improve health promotion and community engagement in Iran's medical education program. The purposive sampling method was used to select five universities.

RESULTS:

Although successful initiatives have been attempted to integrate public health promotion and community orientation into the Iranian curriculum, they do not appear to be sufficient in comparison to leading countries. The main distinction is that the community is actively engaged in all stages of curriculum design, implementation, and evaluation.

CONCLUSIONS:

Although Iran's medical education program has a long way to go in terms of social accountability, by including more community-oriented initiatives into the curriculum, health needs of the community can be met and physician shortages in poor areas can be alleviated. It is recommended to implement modern teaching methods, to recruit diverse faculty and community members, and to increase the community placement in medical education.
Abstract almost periodicity for group actions on uniform topological spaces
Authors: Lenz Daniel , Spindeler Timo , Strungaru Nicolae
Published: April 2023

We present a unified theory for the almost periodicity of functions with values in an arbitrary Banach space, measures and distributions via almost periodic elements for the action of a locally compact abelian group on a uniform topological space. We discuss the relation between Bohr- and Bochner-type almost periodicity, and similar conditions, and how the equivalence among such conditions relates to properties of the group action and the uniformity. We complete the paper by demonstrating how various examples considered earlier all fit in our framework.
Inequidades y convivialidades en movimiento La familia y los inicios de la migración del Triángulo Norte de Centroamérica hacia los Estados Unidos
Authors: Osegueda José
Published: April 2023

El presente trabajo quiere examinar los cambios operados en la familia, estructura clave de subsistencia, sociabilidad, afectividad y convivencia, por causa de la migración, tomando el caso de los países del Triángulo Norte de Centroamérica (Guatemala, El Salvador y Honduras) y su desplazamiento hacia los Estados Unidos. Se enfoca en el lapso comprendido entre finales de la década de 1970 e inicios de la década de 1980, período que abrió el ciclo más notable de la migración de los centroamericanos y que configura decididamente su transnacionalismo. Para ello, recurre a los conceptos inequidad y convivialidad no solo para analizar, desde su óptica, la fenomenología referida, sino también para proponer que en la familia subyace una correlación de inequidades y convivialidades en que la movilidad produce nuevos contextos de ese vínculo.
El proyecto educativo conservador del gobierno de Macri y los vínculos con actores privados
Authors: Wanschelbaum Cinthia
Published: April 2023

La reacción conservadora latinoamericana pretende cambiar y reformar la educación siguiendo preceptos neoliberales y neoconservadores fuertemente apoyados por poderosos grupos sociales. Para los gobiernos conservadores la educación es una de las herramientas más importantes para producir consenso y conformidad social. A través de la transmisión de conocimientos, valores e ideas construyen relaciones específicas de hegemonía y convivencia. Como parte de los objetivos del grupo de investigación temática de Mecila “Los proyectos educativos conservadores y sus configuraciones de convivencia-desigualdad en Argentina y Chile: los gobiernos de Macri y Piñera (2010-2020)”, este working paper examina el proyecto educativo del gobierno de Macri y los vínculos con actores privados, como empresas, fundaciones, y Organizaciones No Gubernamentales (ONGs). A partir de un trabajo empírico, intentamos realizar aportes teóricos para la comprensión de cómo el gobierno de Macri reguló formas de conviavilidad a través de sus políticas educativas y las interacciones cotidianas que estas buscan producir y reproducir en el sistema educativo, en un contexto caracterizado por profundas desigualdades de clase, de género y étnicas.
Durdík a Hostinský: počátky darwinismu v Čechách
Authors: Stibral Karel
Published: April 2023

The text is focused on the acceptance and perception of Darwinism in 19th-century Bohemia, when the diffusion and interpretation of Darwin’s teachings were paradoxical connected with two professors of aesthetics from Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague, Josef Durdík and Otakar Hostinský. Although they somewhat simplified the theory of natural selection, they understood Darwin’s theory to be the arrival of a new paradigm (in contrast to contemporary biologists working in the Czech lands). This text presents and compares both aestheticians’ interpretations of Darwinism, mainly their stance on the theory of natural selection, the possibilities for applying this theory to aesthetics and art theory, as well as their relationship to Darwin’s interpretation of aesthetic phenomena in nature. As a supplement, a short emphasis on Darwin’s teaching in texts of other Czech aesteticians (Tyrš, Klácel, Volek) follows.
Úvahy o metodě v meziválečné americké sociologii
Authors: Balon Jan
Published: April 2023

The article provides a historical contextualization of the debates on theory and method within interwar American sociology. This period is often portrayed as the “golden” age of empirical inquiry resulting in proliferation of methodological orientations. It is argued that the demands of professionalization and specialization within the discipline produced a research model which succeeded in analyzing specific issues, but failed to find (in the context of the “crisis” and “disruption” of American society) a convincing answer to the general question of the logic of society’s development.
Komplementarita kalkulující a kvalitativní deskripce
Authors: Grygar Filip
Published: April 2023

Phenomenology and Quantum theory have defined themselves against the subject-object tradition of thought and against the modern objectivistic attempt to unify explanation of reality or being. Scientific technology and calculative way of thinking have prevailed over meditative and qualitative thinking in modern times. Despite scientific efforts to eliminate any inconsistency caused by metaphysical speculations and systems, in everyday life and science we encounter such phenomena which cannot be explained unambiguously and fully on the basis of purely conventional criteria. This paper focuses on Bohr's framework of complementarity. The idea enables us exploring and describing a given phenomenon in such manner that we get adequate knowledge of the same phenomenon or subject of interest only by completing incompatible descriptions
Romantický život zasvěcený vědě: autobiografie André-Marie Ampèra
Authors: Moruno Dolores Martín
Published: April 2023

This article explores Andr-Marie Ampre's autobiography in order to analyse the dynamics of science in early 19th century French institutions. According to recent works that have emphasised the value of biographies in the history of science, this study examines Ampre's public self-representation to show the cultural transformations of a life dedicated to science in post-revolutionary French society. With this aim, I have interpreted this manuscript as an outstanding example of the scientific rhetoric flourishing in early 19th century French Romanticism, which celebrated the life and works of men of science by means of biographies. Following this approach, Ampre's account has been analysed in relation to certain commonplaces shared with other autobiographies of that time, such as his traumatic experience linked to the French Revolution. Finally, this article discusses Ampre's autobiography as revealing an emerging model of scientific personae, i.e. a new collective way of thinking, feeling and perceiving, which announced the category of the modern scientist.
Mekanisme Pengambilan Keputusan Kepala Madrasah Tsanawiyah Nurul Huda Desa Nusantara Jaya Kecamatan Keritang Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir Provinsi Riau
Authors: Asmariani Asmariani , Sain Moh. , Kumalasari Nona
Published: April 2023

Decision making is essentially a process of choosing one method or course of action from various alternatives to achieve the desired result. Important elements in the decision-making process, namely decision-making must be based on existing facts, based on management's objective considerations and assessment of the situation, based on experience and general views. This study aims to determine the decision-making mechanism of the head of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Nurul Huda Kilo Meter 5 Desa Nusantara Jaya, supporting and inhibiting factors, as well as efforts to overcome obstacles that hinder decision making. The method used in this study is qualitative with a descriptive-analytical approach, while the data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and documentation studies.
THE EFFECT OF PYRIMIDINE AND CAVINTON DERIVATIVES ON THE CHANGE BIOELECTRIC POTENTIAL IN THE CONDITIONS OF FOCAL CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA OF THE RAT BRAIN
Authors: Shabanova Natalia B. , Gerashchenko Anastasia D. , Efremova Marina P.
Published: April 2023

Acute disorders of cerebral hemodynamics lead to the development of socially and demographically significant diseases, as a result of which they are one of the main health problems requiring a rational pharmacological approach. In the pathogenesis of pathologies of cerebral circulation, in addition to a decrease in blood flow, an important role is played by a violation of the bioelectric activity of brain tissues, which is evidenced by changes in the frequency and amplitude of oscillations on the encephalogram. Pyrimidine derivatives have proven themselves as potential cerebroprotectors, as a result of which we considered them as means capable of correcting electroencephalogram disorders in ischemic brain tissues. In this regard, the purpose of this work was to study the effect of pyrimidine and cavinton derivatives on the change in bioelectric potential under conditions of focal central ischemia in rats. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 40 male rats of the Wistar line (m = 220–220 g). Focal cerebral ischemia of rats was reproduced by occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery. The animals were divided into 4 equal groups, all groups, except the first, were simulated pathology under chloral hydrate anesthesia (350 mg/kg). The first group – falsely operated rats, the second – individuals of negative control. The reference drug cavinton (3.2 mg/kg) and the pi-rimidine derivative PIR-10 (50 mg/kg) were administered to the third and fourth groups within 3 days after surgery. The electrical activity of the rat brain (delta-, theta-, alpha-, high-frequency beta-range in the frontal and parietal lobes of the left hemisphere) was evaluated after 3 days by electroencephalography (EEG) using the Neuron-Spectrum 1 encephalograph (Neurosoft, Russia). Statistical processing was carried out using the STATISTICA 8.0 application software package (StatSoft, Inc., USA). Results of the study. In the rats of the negative control group, there was a marked deterioration in bioelectric potential, which was noted in an increase in theta and delta rhythms and a decrease in alpha and high-frequency beta rhythms. The introduction of the compound PIR-10 to animals contributed to a decrease in delta rhythm by 39,8% (p < 0,05) (FP1-A1) and 56,3% (p < 0,05) (C3-A1), theta rhythm – by 23,9% (p < 0,05) (FP1-A1) and 39,4% (p < 0,05) (C3-A1), the amplitude of the alpha rhythm increased by 75,3% (p < 0,05) (C3-A1), the high-frequency beta rhythm by 25,9% (p<0,05) (FP1-A1) and 41,4% (p < 0,05) (C3-A1). Findings. The experimental derivative of pyrimidine PIR-10, equally with cavinton, contributed to the restoration of bioelectric rhythm in the form of a decrease in the amplitude of delta and theta rhythms and an increase in the amplitude of alpha and high-frequency beta rhythms in the frontal and parietal regions of the left hemisphere of the rat brain.
MEASUREMENT OF THE AREA OF EROSIVE LESIONS IN PATIENTS WITH LICHIPLANUS OF THE MOUTH USING THE AUTHOR'S COMPUTER PROGRAM
Authors: Vildanov Marat N. , Gerasimova Larisa P. , Chemikosova Tatyana S. , Golub Anna A. , Lazarev Sergei A.
Published: April 2023

Oral lichen planus is an inflammatory disease of the skin and oral mucosa, the etiology of which has not been fully elucidated, has a certain potential for malignancy and is often torpid to ongoing therapy. To evaluate the effectiveness and control of the therapy, we used a photo protocol using the author's computer program "OralPath – monitoring of pathological foci" (hereinafter referred to as the program). The aim of the study was to measure the area and fix localizations of erosions on the oral mucosa in patients with oral lichen planus using the author's computer program. Materials and methods. The areas of single and multiple erosions were recorded and measured in 89 patients with erosive form of oral lichen planus (47 men, 42 women), whose average age was 48,8±8,9 years. An analysis of groups for the normality of data distribution (Kolmogorov-Smirnov criterion, Shapiro-Vilka) was carried out. The groups were described using mean and standard deviation, and a 95% confidence interval was used to estimate the accuracy of the mean. Results of the study. The vast majority of erosions in oral lichen planus were of a single nature, and occurred in 80,9% of cases (n = 72). The area of erosions on the cheek mucosa was the largest in comparison with other localizations. With single lesions it was 1,92±0,7 cm2, with multiple lesions it was 2,6±0,63 cm2. The area of tongue erosions was 0,71±0,26 cm2 for single lesions and 1.08±0.19 cm2 for multiple lesions, respectively. Findings. The use of the computer program "OralPath – monitoring of pathological foci" in the practice of a dentist makes it possible to record observations of patients' conditions, evaluate the dynamics of changes in pathological foci, and, if necessary, correct the treatment process, as well as motivate patients.
DYNAMICS OF INTESTINAL CONTENT FLUCTUATIONS ANASTOMOSED SMALL INTESTINE LOOPS AS MARKER IN DIAGNOSIS OF DUMPING SYNDROME OF DIFFERENT SEVERITY IN GASTRIC CANCER PATIENTS AFTER GASTRECTOMY
Authors: Igonin Yuvenaliy A. , Dolgov Dmitry O. , Dolgov Oleg Yu.
Published: April 2023

The aim: to study the effectiveness of the method of daily fibroesophagoejunoscopy in determining the number of pellets of intestinal contents in the newly created anatomical-physiological complex and related functional disorders, accompanied by the manifestation of clinical symptoms of dumping syndrome of varying severity. Materials and methods. The method of fibrogastroscopic examination was by 190 patients with gastric tract after gastrectomy carried out. All patients were diagnosed with dumping syndrome of varying severity. The study showed that the severity of clinical manifestations of dumping syndrome depends on the number of intestinal contents in the newly created anatomical-physiological complex depending on the time of day. For proof of body, observing the stage, 30 patients underwent a modified esophagogastroscopic examination method, which was proposed by us – daily fibroeophagoeunoscopy, as well as histological and histochemical studies to detect inflammatory changes in anastomosed loops of the small intestine. To determine the dependence of clinical manifestations of dumping syndrome on the number of intestinal pellets, all patients underwent intracavitary intestinal laser therapy with helium-neon laser ULF-01. Results. When analyzing and comparing the data obtained during daily fibroesoeunoscopy with the clinical manifestations of dumping syndrome of varying severity, it was found, that at different periods of the day the intensity of intestinal casting in anastomosed loops of the small intestine and clinical manifestations of the disease differ significantly. It was established, that in the morning hours, at all degrees of severity of dumping syndrome, there was a minimum number of pellets of intestinal contents in the newly created anatomical complex and, accordingly, there were minimal clinical manifestations of the disease. The study also showed that the increase in clinical symptoms in patients with dumping syndrome is clearly precisely in the daytime manifested. Conclusions. The findings suggest that daily fibroesophagoeunoscopy is a pathognomonic method for diagnosing dumping syndrome in gastric cancer patients after gastrectomy. The method made it possible to establish that the severity of clinical manifestations depends on the number of casts of intestinal content and the time of its exposure in the newly created anatomical complex. The clinical symptoms of dumping syndrome are most in the daytime pronounced. The method also made it possible to determine that the most effective time for laser therapy is the morning period.
Modal Parametre Belirleme Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırılması ve Demiryolu Traverslerinin SISO-tipi Vibro-akustik Modal Analizlerle Tahribatsız İncelenmesi
Authors: ÇEÇEN Ferhat , AKTAŞ Bekir , ÖZBAYRAK Ahmet
Published: April 2023

Bilgisayar ve sensör teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler, titreşim ve ses verilerinin, yüksek çözünürlük ve örnekleme hızlarıyla, ağır iklimsel şartlar altında dahi kayıt altına alınabilmesini sağlamıştır. Bu kritik verilerin, uzay, havacılık, savunma, tıp, afet yönetimi ve her çeşit mühendislik branşında farklı amaçlarla kullanılabilmesi için sürekli yeni yöntemler geliştirilmektedir. Bunlardan biri de tahribatsız modal parametre belirleme yöntemleridir. Bu yöntemler içerisinde ise, günümüzde dünyada en yaygın kullanılan ve kabul göreni, titreşim esaslı deneysel modal analizlerdir (EMA). Ancak bu metodun, temaslı ölçüm gerektirmesi ve lokal ölçüm alması gibi önemli dezavantajları söz konusudur. Bu dezavantajlar, çeşitli sektörlerde analizleri yapılan birçok unsur için geçerli olup, demiryolu taşıt bileşenlerinin veya demiryolu yapı elemanlarının analizleri de buna örnek teşkil etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, literatürde ender incelenmiş bir metot olan, vibro-akustik modal analizlerin (VMT), bu bağlamda, EMA için uygun bir alternatif olup olmayacağı araştırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, literatürde tespit edilen eksiklikler dikkate alınarak hazırlanan VMT ve EMA test düzenekleri kullanılarak demiryolu traversleri üzerinde karşılaştırmalı modal analizler yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, hazırlanan SISO-tipi VMT test metodunun; belirli bir frekans aralığındaki rezonans frekansı, sönümleme oranı ve mod şekillerinin tahminlerinde, EMA metodu kadar hassas ve tutarlı sonuçlar verebildiği belirlenmiştir.
Disruptive Technologies - Technological Change Driven Conflicts
Authors: Molhova M. , Ivanov I.
Published: April 2023

Abstract

The article studies the conflicts that arise over the creation, adoption, and deployment of disruptive technologies against the backdrop of technological change. To study the nature of the problem, rooted in the contradictions and conflicts between disruptive technologies’ creators and the environment, the following research questions are addressed:
1. What are the specifics of technological change, which leads to the creation of disruptive technologies?
2. How to define the concept of technological change through market disruptive technologies? The analysis here is focused on the types of technologies, according to their "disruptiveness", on the different interests of the stakeholders related to the creation, adoption, and deployment of disruptive technologies, on the features of the innovation process in this case and the accompanying problems.
3. What are the conflicts arising from the creation and introduction of disruptive technologies in the market? Specific attention is paid to the causes of conflicts and the parties involved in them. The analysis here reveals the role of the causes and ways of creating new technologies in the emergence of different types of conflicts and defines the types of conflicts arising when new products, services, business models, technologies, etc. are introduced into the market.
The article analyses and proposes effective approaches and mechanisms (methodologies) for managing and resolving conflicts arising from the creation and introduction of disruptive technologies into the market. Algorithmic solutions are proposed to overcome conflicts arising from technological change and the continuous emergence of disruptive technologies.

JEL classification numbers: O33, D74, O31.
Keywords: Disruptive Technologies, Technological Change, Innovations, Conflicts.
Statistical analysis and evaluation of Greek students’ background determinants on Science literacy
Authors: Kourkoutas Elias P. , Giakoumatos Stefanos G.
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Pisa is a program developed by the OECD. The first time it appeared was in 2000. Since then more than 90 countries and about 3,000,000 students worldwide have participated (OECD forum). Students participate every 3 years and are assessed if they can successfully face and solve problems from everyday situations using the basic knowledge they have acquired from the subjects they have been taught at school. The main goal of this paper was to investigate the determinants of student performance. In particular, how students' characteristics, family background, and some school characteristics (type of school, geographic region, curriculum, and class size) affect science performance. We used PISA 2018 data for the case of Greece, as this country requires further research because Greek students perform below the average mean across OECD countries. The sample consisted of 6403 Greek students aged 15-16, who were enrolled in 242 schools. The analysis was carried out with the SPSS statistical program using multiple regression models (OLS) as well as Quantile Regression (QR) method for a more comprehensive study to evaluate whether the above variables affect in the same or different way on low and high-achieving students. Results indicated that family background and student characteristics affect students' performance significantly but to a different degree between high and low-performing students. In contrast, class size was shown to not affect almost the entire performance distribution. Moreover, access to material goods not directly related to education showed a negative effect, instead, the socioeconomic status of the family (ESCS) is a strong positive predictor of scientific literacy. Finally, the Greek education system suffers from several disparities both between different study programs and geographical regions. The above conclusions indicate that educational legislative reforms should be targeted and take into account the variance of student achievement with a focus to reduce the gap between high and low-performing students, which will lead to a robust education system.
Keywords: PISA 2018, Quantile Regression (QR), OLS, Scientific literacy, Greek students.
Estado nutricional e tempo de jejum pré-operatório de pacientes oncológicos submetidos à cirurgia.
Authors: Lyra Elisa , Aligleri Tatiane , Batiston Ligia , Henckel Viviane
Published: April 2023

Objetivo: Analisar o estado nutricional e o tempo de jejum pré-operatório de pacientes oncológicos submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos. Método: Estudo de abordagem quantitativa, realizado com pacientes com diagnóstico de câncer de cabeça e pescoço e/ou trato gastrointestinal submetidos à cirurgias durante o mês de novembro de 2020. Foi aplicado questionário para coleta dos dados clínicos, cirúrgicos e de trajetória terapêutica e realizada avaliação nutricional por meio da antropometria (peso, estatura, circunferência da panturrilha) e aplicação da Avaliação Subjetiva Global Produzida pelo Próprio Paciente (ASG-PPP). As variáveis foram analisadas de acordo com a natureza do dados. Resultados: Foram avaliados 20 pacientes com média de idade de 62,55 anos, sendo 55% do sexo feminino e 80% apresentaram desnutrição moderada ou grave pela ASG-PPP. O tempo médio de jejum pré-operatório foi de 14,21 horas. O tempo médio entre o diagnóstico e a  realização da cirurgia foi de 158 dias. Não houve diferença estatística entre o tempo de trajetória terapêutica e o diagnóstico nutricional. Conclusão: O tempo de jejum pré-operatório ultrapassou as orientações de 8 a 12 horas convencionais e 80% dos pacientes apresentavam desnutrição moderada ou grave segundo a ferramenta ASG-PPP. Evidencia-se a necessidade de desenvolvimento protocolos de abreviação do tempo de jejum pré-operatório, proporcionando melhores condições para a recuperação pós-operatória.
Palavras-chave: Jejum. Neoplasias. Estado nutricional. Oncologia.
Seleção, caracterização e eleição de microbacias com jazidas de bauxita para fins de monitoramento automatizado
Authors:   , Silveira Lucas Jesus da
Published: April 2023

A mineração pode ocasionar alterações na qualidade e quantidade de água produzida pelas microbacias, por ocasião da alteração temporária ou permanente do uso do solo. Neste sentido, torna-se necessário priorizar e monitorar as microbacias afetadas para verificar a natureza e a magnitude da influência da mineração sobre a dinâmica e qualidade hídrica, uma vez que essas áreas possuem maior interdependência entre os recursos ambientais. O objetivo geral foi selecionar, caracterizar e monitorar um conjunto de microbacias (BH) com jazidas de bauxita em sua área de drenagem com previsão de lavra entre 2022 a 2027, e indicar, ao final, quatro BH prioritárias ao monitoramento automatizado, na região da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Também foram levantados os principais parâmetros de qualidade de água a serem indicados ao monitoramento, bem como, as oportunidades de publicações internacionais sobre o tema. Foi verificado que há espaço e oportunidade de publicação em periódicos internacionais com alto fator de impacto para estudos que investigam a mineração de bauxita e a qualidade de água, sobretudo em microbacias. A qualidade da água pode depreciar com o despejo de minério, ocasionada pela solubilização de prótons e suspenção de particulados. A prospecção em ambiente SIG levantou 74 microbacias que foram submetidas a uma metodologia de seleção própria, sendo selecionadas sete microbacias: BH03, BH06, BH11, BH29, BH31, BH41 e BH61. A análise morfométrica caracterizou com significativa precisão o comportamento hidrológico das microbacias selecionadas, como a susceptibilidade a ocorrência de picos de vazão, indicado pelo formato mais compacto (BH06, BH29 e BH61), maior inclinação média e amplitude altimétrica (BH03, BH29 e BH31) e mal drenadas (BH11 e BH41). O monitoramento da vazão e pluviometria ocorreu durante 82 semanas e possibilitou validar as expectativas do comportamento das microbacias selecionadas. Menor variação na vazão média durante os períodos de chuva e seca, bem como, menor vazão de pico durante as chuvas foi observado para BH03 e BH41. Maior variação na vazão média foi constatada para BH06, BH11, BH29 e BH61. Maior vazão de pico foi observada para BH06, BH11, BH29, BH31 e BH61. Com isso, sugere-se que as microbacias BH03, BH06, BH11 e BH29 são prioritárias ao monitoramento hídrico automatizado, dado as acentuadas inclinações do terreno, o formato compacto, a expressiva variação na vazão média, aos picos de vazão durante as chuvas ou tendência de seca durante estiagens e má drenagem. Palavras-chave: Bacias hidrográficas. Mineração. Morfometria. Nascentes. Hidrologia florestal.
Aproveitamento dos caroços de açaí descartados no município de Marituba - PA a partir da tecnologia social
Authors: Da luz Figueiredo Diana , Tatiany Ribeiro de Souza Mendes Ingrid , Maria  Nobre Souza Cezarina
Published: April 2023

O açaí pertence a biodiversidade brasileira amazônica e vem conquistando espaço no mercado alimentício no âmbito nacional e internacional. A crescente demanda pelo açaí contribui significativamente para a economia do Pará e garante renda para os indivíduos da cadeia produtiva do fruto. A intensificação da produção e o crescimento do consumo leva à geração de grandes quantidades de resíduos que são geralmente depositados de forma inadequada, poluindo ainda mais o meio ambiente. O município de Marituba apresenta atividades que gera bastante resíduo com destaque para a comercialização da polpa do açaí. Segundo informações cadastradas na Prefeitura, o município possui atualmente 228 batedouros cadastrados descartados em vias públicas e locais inapropriados. Milhares de resíduos orgânicos são dispostos diariamente de maneira inadequada, fruto do desconhecimento sobre seu potencial econômico, ambiental e a utilização do produto eficiente, econômica e segura com rentabilidade socioeconomicaambiental. Baseado nessas informações e considerando a relevância que esta pesquisa pretende discutir em se tratando do aproveitamento dos caroços de açaí, o conceito de Tecnologia Social (TS) demostra teorias relevantes com a participação social e incentivos de desenvolvimento e expansão no paradigma da sustentabilidade. O objetivo desta pesquisa está direcionado para proporcionar um plano de ação com estratégias para o aproveitamento do resíduo do caroço de açaí alicerçado no arcabouço conceitual da tecnologia social. A metodologia adotada para esta pesquisa é o estudo de caso, a partir de dados quantitativos, coletados em bases informacionais institucionais, como organismos governamentais afins ao tema e Prefeitura Municipal de Marituba, com o objetivo de explicar, explorar ou descrever fenômenos atuais inseridos em seu próprio contexto. A área de abrangência deste estudo, o Município de Marituba-Pará e o plano de ação desenhado congrega estratégias que articulam o papel das comunidades locais e imediatamente dependentes da comercialização do açaí em nível local e o envolvimento do setor público ou privado como parte integrante.
Fake News e Covid-19
Authors: Ribeiro Marques Luíz Fernando , Almeida de Moraes Carolina , Tomé Oliveira Maria Clara , Schächter Guidoreni Angela
Published: April 2023

Este artigo traz evidências publicadas no período do primeiro semestre de 2022 a respeito de trabalhos que relacionam COVID-19 e informações falsas. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura, utilizando-se descritores relacionados a fake news, COVID-19, Infodemia, totalizando 11 artigos. A busca na base de dados Google Acadêmico foi realizada no período de março a maio de 2022. No panorama atual, o tema fake news tem recebido bastante destaque. Essa revisão pontuou uma série de estudos que conceituam fake news como informações falsas potencialmente enganosas amplamente compartilhadas de maneira intencional ou não. A quantidade exponencial de fake news relacionadas a COVID-19 fez com que houvesse a necessidade de formular um termo que representasse essa epidemia de desinformação, o qual a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) definiu como infodemia. Acredita-se que esses achados possam ajudar a compreender um fenômeno que colaborou para desestimular a adesão de parcelas da população brasileira às campanhas de isolamento social e de vacinação.

Palavras-chave: Fake News. COVID-19. Infodemia.
Potenciais usos da Cannabis no Tratamento de Pacientes com Câncer
Authors: Beyer Dennis , Lessa Ramos Erick , Romualdo Coutinho Nicolli , Bernard Medina Rangel Santos Tales , Cesar Carvalho Freitas Rodrigo
Published: April 2023

Em parte dos pacientes em tratamento do câncer, os medicamentos tradicionais possuem efeito limitado ou não têm efeito sobre os sintomas como náusea, vômitos, perda do apetite e dor. Considerando as propriedades farmacológicas da Cannabis, esse estudo tem como objetivo evidenciar o potencial terapêutico no tratamento destes pacientes. A presente pesquisa trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica utilizando os indexadores “Cannabis” “câncer” “treatment”. Os resultados obtidos pelos artigos analisados sugerem que uso de Cannabis é uma abordagem promissora devido às suas características bioativas que agem em diversos tecidos do corpo humano, sendo útil para o manejo dos sintomas no contexto do câncer, como náuseas e vômitos, dor, anorexia, desconforto gastrointestinal, distúrbios do sono, fadiga, ansiedade e depressão. Portanto, pode-se concluir que há cada vez mais argumentos que apoiam a utilização da Cannabis no âmbito medicinal, contudo mais estudos controlados randomizados são necessários para confirmar ou redefinir o papel desta no tratamento de pessoas com câncer, especificando o derivado de Cannabis ideal para o tratamento, a dose e sistema de entrega.
The suitability of mandible growth layers in the common minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) for age determination
Authors: Olsen Erik , Oien Nils , Leithe Arild , Bergflodt Bjorn
Published: April 2023

Ovaries from 82 female minke whales (30 from 1999 and 52 from 2001) caught in the North Atlantic were examined macroscopically and the number of corpora lutea, c. albicatia and c. artretica determined by two or three readers. From these whales and an additional 19 males (13 from 1999 and 6 from 2001), the number of GLGs in the buccal wall of the anterior part of both mandibles were counted. Mandible GLGs were counted by either examining digital images of haematoxylin stained 200-500mm segments, or from high-resolution X-ray images of 3mm thick unstained segments examined by two readers. The readers agreed completely when counting ovarian corpora lutea, but there was disagreement with the interpretation of c. albicantia and c. artretica in some ovaries. The average CV of the number of ovulations (nc.lutea + nc.albicantia) was 6%; when counting only c. albicantia the CV was 16.7%, and 64.9% when counting only c. artretica. The precision when counting mandible GLGs using the digital images was poor, with mean CV of 82%, compared to 41% using the X-ray images. There was poor agreement between the repeated readings of the X-ray images by each reader, as well as between the readers. Mean GLG count using either method did not correlate with the number of ovulations, and provided biologically unreasonable von Bertalanffy growth models. This study shows that there is some uncertainty when examining ovaries, although this is small compared to the variability and bias associated with counting mandible GLGs. New bone is deposited in the mandible in such a way that growth layers do not continuously accumulate, or cannot be distinguished using present technology and methods.
ANÁLISE DA EVOLUÇÃO DA QUALIDADE AMBIENTAL NO MUNICÍPIO DE GARANHUNS/PE: UMA APLICAÇÃO DE INDICADORES DE SALUBRIDADE AMBIENTAL
Authors: Pereira Santos Maurílio , Buarque do Amazonas Irami , Costa Goldfarb Maurício
Published: April 2023

Com a finalidade de avaliação ambiental em municípios, a Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo propõe o Indicador de Salubridade Ambiental (ISA). Utilizando este indicador, apresentado em SABESP (1999), assim como na sua simplificação proposta por Moraes et al (2008), esse trabalho teve como objetivo a análise da evolução da qualidade ambiental no município de Garanhuns (PE). Três componentes subindicadores do saneamento ambiental foram analisados: o abastecimento de água, o esgotamento sanitário e o manejo de resíduos sólidos. Conclui-se que, apesar dos avanços observados no período de análise, a baixa cobertura do esgotamento sanitário ainda é, entre os parâmetros analisados, o principal elemento depreciador da qualidade ambiental no município.
Evaluation of Environmental Contamination with Salmonella spp. in a Large Animal Ward at a Veterinary Hospital in Malaysia
Authors: de Lima Alexandria , Khairuddin Nurul Hayah , Zakaria Zunita , Othman Sarah , Khairani-Bejo Siti
Published: April 2023

Veterinary hospitals are important locations for various sick and immunocompromised animal patients. These centers may act as reservoirs for nosocomial diseases such as Salmonella infection, one of the most common causes of healthcare-associated infections in veterinary hospitals. The study was performed at the Large Animal Ward (LAW), University Veterinary Hospital, Universiti Putra Malaysia, to assess the environment’s degree of Salmonella spp. contamination. Environmental samples were obtained from various floor and surface areas in the LAW using sterile, moistened gauze. Salmonella spp. was determined using conventional bacteriological culture on all samples. Positive Salmonella isolates were subject to antimicrobial sensitivity testing. A total of 6 out of 135 (4.4%) samples were found to be positive for Salmonella spp., with 5/116 (4.3%) samples obtained from the ward environment and 1/19 (5.3%) obtained from reusable equipment. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing revealed three resistance profiles: all isolates were resistant to penicillin and enrofloxacin, one isolate was resistant to streptomycin, and one was resistant to gentamicin. The results indicate that animal treatment areas within the LAW can become contaminated with Salmonella spp. This study highlights the importance of improving biosecurity programs to prevent nosocomial diseases in patients and the hospital environment.
Isolation and Characterization of Avian Coronavirus from Diagnostic Cases of Selected Bird Species in Malaysia
Authors: Awang Besar Sarenasulastri , Arshad Siti Suri , Ramanoon Siti Zubaidah , Omar Abdul Rahman
Published: April 2023

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in chicken (Gallus gallus) is the most common and well-studied Avian coronavirus (ACoV) in avian species. The study aims to molecularly characterize ACoV isolate of selected bird species other than chicken obtained from the archived samples of field diagnostic cases in the Northern Zone Veterinary Laboratory (MVZU), Malaysia. Twelve archived virus isolates from 2013 to 2019 were amplified using selected primers on the 3’ UTR gene and S1 gene for oligonucleotide sequencing. These sequences were then molecularly characterized and compared with common IBV strains in chicken to determine the genetic diversity of the virus among selected avian species. Subsequent analyses of the nucleotides amplified on 3’ UTR conserved region of 12 selected ACoVs isolates originating from peacocks (Pavo cristatus), turkey (Meleagris), jungle fowl (Gallus gallus spadiceous), guinea fowl (Meleagris gallopavo domesticus), goose (Anser anser domesticus), love bird (Agapornis), macaw (Ara macao), and bird (species unidentified) are classified as belonging to the gammacoronavirus (Gamma-CoV) genus and have a high degree of homology. The S1 complete gene sequence analyses of guinea fowl and jungle fowl showed that both ACoV isolates are Gamma-CoV and under genotype I and GI-13 lineages. Both are identified as having a high similarity of 98% and 99%, respectively, with IBV vaccine strain 4/91 (AF093793). Due attention should be given to ACoVs strains, especially the IBV vaccine strains detected in other bird species, because there is a high probability that other bird species could be the source of pathogenic ACoV infection in general and IBV infection in chickens, as reported in other countries.
EXAMINING THE IMPORTANCE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE SINGULARIZATION OF BIG DATA WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF CLOUD COMPUTING
Authors: KESKİN Serkan , ISIK Ali Hakan
Published: April 2023

With the start of Industry 4.0 in 2011, new concepts and technologies have entered the IT literature. Some of these technologies are virtualization, modularity, big data and deduplication. Big data can be defined as data of a magnitude that exceeds the ability of traditional database systems to collect, store, manage and analyze data. Today, data is diverse, large and rapidly changing. This situation cannot be solved with the traditional database structure. With the emergence of big data, it has become difficult to process data with the algorithms used for data processing. Therefore, new algorithms and technologies have been developed. The most important of these technologies is data deduplication. Deduplication backs up data by dividing it into variable or fixed sizes. In this way, it aims to save storage space by storing only one copy of many repeated data. Today, "deduplication and compression" is an indispensable feature for data storage in both server-storge and hyper-converged architecture systems. Recently, artificial intelligence technologies are advancing very rapidly and their application areas are expanding. Therefore, Artificial Intelligence is a technology that will be very important for the industry and our lives in the future. The purpose of this paper is to give an idea about the relationship between deduplication technology and artificial intelligence by examining various deduplication systems and algorithms. Studies in the literature show that deduplication provides significant savings in storage space, the importance of data security, and the use of artificial intelligence and deduplication as a whole.