bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accelerated failure time survival model for prostate cancer
Authors: Sule George I. , Chukwu Angela U. , Akanno Felix C.
Published: October 2023

Background: Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men globally and ranks sixth among male cancer-related deaths. This study utilized survival analysis to assess post-diagnosis outcomes, aiming to enhance prostate cancer patient longevity. Insights were gained by determining median survival times, identifying prognostic factors, and applying an AFT model to prostate cancer data.
Methods: The study collected data from 502 prostate cancer patients featured in a 1980 paper by D. P. Byar and S. B. Green, focusing on stage 3 or 4 cases. Over six years, they monitored these patients' survival under varying estrogen doses, analyzing 15 variables. Data import was done using excel, R and SPSS were used for the analysis. Utilizing the Kaplan-Meier method and AFT models, the study identified predictive factors and determined the most suitable model for prostate cancer analysis.
Results: Among the 502 patients, 70.7% died, and 29.3% were right-censored, with a median survival of 35 months. Factors enhancing survival included a 1.0 mg estrogen dose, higher body weight, and elevated serum hemoglobin levels. In contrast, age, tumor size, cardiovascular disease history, and a composite index of stage and histology grade were associated with reduced survival odds in prostate cancer patients.
Conclusions: Prostate cancer patients had a median survival of 35 months, with survival rates at 60 months (31.7%) and 75 months (23.2%). The 1.0 mg estrogen dose proved most effective among tested doses. The Weibull AFT model, with an AIC score of 3469.032, was the best-fit model.
Phenotypic detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from different clinical samples from intensive care unit, Khamis Military Hospital, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aedh Abdullah I. , Alshehri Ali A. , Alamri Nour K. , Alkahtani Sultan A. , Alflan Mohammed A. , Alamri Amal K. , Qureshi Mohammed A.
Published: October 2023

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen that is one of the commonest causes of infection in intensive care units. K. pneumoniae infection have contributed considerably to morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic illnesses. The coexistence of virulence factors and the genetic determinant of antibiotic resistance complicates treatment outcomes. The emergence of pathogenic multi-drug resistant K. pneumoniae poses a great threat to the healthcare system. Thus, the aim of this study was to isolate and to phenotypically detect the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase produced by K. pneumoniae that are isolated from different clinical samples from ICU in Khamis Military Hospital.
Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at Khamis Military Hospital from December 2021 to April 2022. Clinical samples collected within the ICU underwent microbiological identification phase to confirm the presence of K. pneumoniae. This was followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing to various antimicrobial agents to detect the production of carbapenemases (KPC, NDM-1, OXA-48) and extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL). The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis using appropriate tools. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the demographic and clinical characteristics of the patient population from whom the samples were obtained.
Results: A total of 114 isolates of K. pneumoniae were identified from different clinical samples of ICU patients. The percentage of ESBL production constituted 28.94% (33 isolates). Regarding the distribution of carbapenemases production, 43 isolates (37.7%) had the KPC and NDM carbapenemases, while 34 isolates (29.8%) had the OXA-48 carbapenemases.
Conclusions: The high prevalence of K. pneumoniae represents a threat to ICU patients, thus, this issue should be treated with urgent attention. Our data informs the need for regular surveillance of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria in clinical settings for meaningful control of emergence and spreading of multi-drug-resistant K. pneumoniae.
Provider facility type and HPV vaccination rate among African American teenagers in the United States
Authors: Odo Chinenye C. , Igbokwe Mesoma A. , Odoh Ikenna S. , Ndu Ezinne A. , Agbo Nneoma M. , Ugwunweze Vivian C. , Okeke Nzubechukwu G. , Okwu Chiadikaobi A. , Chukwuma Obinna V. , Okolie Cynthia O.
Published: October 2023

Background: The Human Papilloma Virus vaccine is one of the most efficient preventive vaccinations on the market to prevent HPV infection and has made significant advances in human vaccination. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the provider facility type and HPV vaccination rates, among African American teenagers. By exploring the potential relation of the two, we hope to inform programs and further studies into boosting HPV vaccination rates by targeted provider-based interventions.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the National Immunization Survey for Teen (NIS-TEEN) for the year 2021. This study focused on African American teenagers, aged 13 to 17 years, living in non-institutionalized households in
the United States in 2021. Data was collected in two phases -the household interview phase and the provider data collection phase. Statistical analysis was conducted using weighted provider data, and all analysis was done using SAS Studio 3.81.
Results: Provider facility type was significantly associated with HPV vaccination status (p≤0.0001). Specifically, respondents who used hospital facilities and public facilities had higher odds of having received at least one dose of the HPV vaccine when compared to those who used private facilities (OR=1.86; 95%CI; 1.84,1.89) and (OR=1.72; 95% CI; 1.70, 1.74) respectively.
Conclusions: Results of this study suggest that provider facility type is associated with HPV vaccination status among African American teens in the US. There is however a need for definitive longitudinal studies to establish the relationship between provider type and HPV vaccination rates in African American teens.
Physiochemical analysis of drinking water in high and low crude oil-producing communities in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria
Authors: Luke Anwuri , Tobin-West Charles I. , Ofuru Vitalis O. , Owhonda Golden , Igwele Pabara N.
Published: October 2023

Background: Access to potable water is a human right that plays a significant role in maintaining health and sanitation. Its limited supply in oil-producing areas has been variously linked to diverse pollutants in crude oil-producing communities, in Nigeria’s Niger Delta region. This cross-sectional study analysed and compared the physico-chemistry of drinking water sources in high and low crude oil-producing communities in the Niger Delta region between January to February 2023.
Methods: Water samples were collected from a total of 28 samples from geo-referenced points in 10 communities. Analysis was done using the approved APHA and ASTM methods and assessed based on the recommended World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits of detection for water quality. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) version-26. Test of significance and associations were set at p<0.05 and 95% confidence level.
Results: There were significant differences in the mean concentrations of water alkalinity, chromium (Cr), barium (Ba), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and TOG in water sources of the high and low oil-producing communities. Other mean concentrations of the analysed physicochemical parameters were found to be within normal limits for pH, salinity, turbidity, EC, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solid (TSS), DO, and BOD, below the limit for alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate (NO3), ammonia (NH3), sulphate (SO4), bicarbonates (HCO3), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), TPH and above recommended limits for temperature, PAH and TOG.
Conclusions: The study showed that both high and low oil-producing communities had contaminated ground and surface water sources, although the high oil-producing areas were much more polluted. It is, therefore, necessary to enhance the national oil pollution regulatory mechanisms and remediation activities in heavily polluted sites to safeguard community water sources and protect human health.
Utilisation of physician reminders about smoking cessation improves patient outcome
Authors: Darr Mohammed Qasim , Sheik Sanaullah
Published: October 2023

Background: Smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is prevalent amongst 18-64-year-olds (31.9%) in Qatar. Disease prevention through health promotion remains the cornerstone of physicians workload in primary care. Physician reminders (PR) be it electronic or physical can prompt doctors to offer smoking cessation services, hopefully reducing disease burden. The objective was to improve the identification of smokers and provision of smoking cessation services using a PR system in primary care.
Methods: A prospective quality improvement project in a primary care health centre focusing on physician practices towards smokers. We analyzed physicians’ documentation post consultation looking for specific end points like use of the code “smoker” and referral rates to the smoking cessation clinic (SCC). Data was collected with and without use of a PR (used to identify smoker) and then compared for the difference in documentation and services offered.
Results: The use of a physician reminder vastly improved the identification of smokers. This led to an increase in the use of the code ‘smoker’ by physicians by 43.5%. Documentation of smoking status and the provision of smoking cessation counselling both improved by 32.8%.  There was an increase in referral rates (18.8%) to the SCC due to use of the physician reminder. There was a 7.9% rise in smokers attending the SCC.
Conclusions: Using a physician reminder helped to improve the identification of smokers and patient provision of smoking cessation services such as referral to the SCC. Repeating the study using an electronic physician reminder incorporated within the EMR system would be beneficial given the findings from this study.
Role of inclusive self-help groups in prevention and management of diabetes and hypertension in Myanmar: a qualitative study
Authors: Sandar Win-Pa , Win Hla Hla , Mon Aye Sandar , Alma Manna A. , Vervoort Johanna P. M. , Koot Jaap (J.A.R) , Rusnak Martin , Walton Poppy , Swe Khin Hnin
Published: October 2023

Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a growing public health concern in Myanmar. Community-based self-help groups are essential for participating in health-related activities. However, little is known about the role of inclusive self-help groups (ISHG) in hypertension and diabetes management. This study aimed to assess knowledge and perception of health-related activities of ISHG and explore challenges ISHG group members encountered in performing hypertension and diabetes prevention and management activities.
Methods: The study included six townships from three different regions of Myanmar, where ISHG existed. Two focus group discussions (FGDs) were held in each township. A total of twelve FGDs were conducted. All discussions were conducted, audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim in Myanmar language. A thematic analysis was performed using inductive and deductive approaches.
Results: The findings revealed that ISHG members provided advice and counselling on behavioural risk factors for hypertension and diabetes prevention and screenings for those diseases. They also offered home care for the elderly and stroke patients who required their assistance. Community members regarded ISHG as a valuable community structure. Members of the ISHG identified a number of challenges, including lack of resources (funding, manpower, and time), lack of confidence, and lack of recognition and acceptance. Support and strengthening activities by local authorities and the government were critical to sustain ISHG's activities and efforts.
Conclusions: Hypertension and diabetes management activities of ISHG are appreciative. The public and government should recognize and support ISHG to strengthen their community activities.
Factors affecting access to early postnatal care service among women of urban slum in Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan Mohammad A. , Mujahid M. Arif A.
Published: October 2023

Background: Postnatal care (PNC) refers to care and attention to the general mental and physical health of the mother and infant during the period beginning after the delivery of the placenta up to the next six weeks. The postnatal period, the hours and days after birth is critical to the health for survival and is the most vulnerable time for a mother and newborn. Majority of maternal death occur after delivery but the postnatal period is the most ignored time for the establishment of quality services yet now in Bangladesh. The aim of the study was to assess the factors affecting access to early postnatal care service among women of urban slum in Bangladesh.
Methods: This was a community based cross sectional descriptive quantitative study conducted among the women of reproductive age who gave birth in the last one year prior to the study period in different slums of Dhaka South City Corporation, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from September to October 2016. A stratified sampling method was employed to select the total of 382 study participants for this study. Data were collected by means of a pretested structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Chi square and binary logistic regression analysis was carried out by using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 21.0.
Results: In this study, it was found that, 29.1% women and 29.8% of their baby received postnatal care service (PNC) visit after last delivery. The factors that significantly affected the access to postnatal care service utilization in this study were women’s education, household income, residence, husband’s education and occupation, physical violence against women, place of delivery, ANC visit, PNC checkup for baby, postnatal complications, importance of PNC checkup, knowledge in PNC service, perception of postnatal danger sign, sources of information, transport use, and health insurance. In assessing all those factors, the p values were found as <0.001.
Conclusions: Among the common factors affecting access to early postnatal care service among women of urban slum, domestic physical violence against women and health insurance emerged as strong predictors. In Bangladesh there is a crucial need for public health interventions to increase the access rate to early postnatal care service that should target women who need this service at the appropriate time.
Influence of maternal factors on the immunization status of under- five in Ebonyi state
Authors: Afoke Eunice N. , Ikechukwu Ilo Cajetan , Aleke Christian Okechukwu , Omaka-Amari Lois Nnenna , Imah Henry Ikechukwu , Ohuruogu Ben N. , Nnubia Anthonia Ogechukwu , Okeke Ifeyinwa Maureen , Emmanuel Obinna Ogueri
Published: October 2023

Background: Poor delivery of childhood immunization with the interacting factors has been a significant public health challenge especially in the sub-Saharan Africa. Nigeria has been presented as one the countries with the worst under-five mortality rates, and factors affecting childhood immunization including maternal factors are poorly understood. The study determined the influence of maternal characteristics and immunization status of under-five children in Ebonyi State.
Methods: Data were collected using an Immunization Status Checklist (ISC). The population of the study was 572,955 under-five children in Ebonyi State from which 2865 was sampled. Data were analyzed using percentages and chi-square.
Results: The findings of the study revealed that 83.01% of under-5 children were fully immunized. The chi-square analysis shows a significant influence of mothers’ parity at (p<0.05), mothers’ occupation at (p<0.05) and mothers’ use of antenatal services at (p<0.05).
Conclusions: The study concluded that immunization status of under-five children in Ebonyi State was high and maternal characteristics had significant influence on immunization status of under-five children. Thus, recommended that government should provide tangible incentives to mothers who fully immunized their children and promulgate a law to prevent children without immunization cards showing full immunization from registering in public and private primary schools.
Impact of Moringa oleifera on the post-prandial blood glucose level among adults in Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Authors: Amer Marryam , Fatima Syeda Ammara , Gondal Haji Hafiz Ubaid Ur Rehman , Iqbal Amna , Warrarich Bismah Imtiaz , Mehmood Atif , Khan Tayyab Mumtaz
Published: October 2023

Background: Moringa oleifera (MO) has been used in the treatment of the Diabetes Mellitus (DM) all over the world. However, studies in Pakistan which show impact of MO on the blood glucose are lacking. This study was aimed to assess the impact of the MO leaf powder capsules on post-prandial blood glucose levels in diabetic and non-diabetic participants.
Methods: This pilot study was conducted in a health care center, Rawalpindi, Pakistan among 14 diabetic and 14 non-diabetic participants for one year from January 2021 to December 2022. All participants were asked to fast for 12 hours on two occasions and each time their blood glucose levels were assessed via glucometer after giving bread. On first visit without MO capsules and on next visit with MO capsules. Data analysis was done by applying descriptive and paired t-test via SPSS version 25.
Results: The mean values for study population of age, fasting blood glucose level, and post-prandial blood glucose level without giving MO capsules were, 51.50 with SD±5.28 year, 136.94 with SD±39.64 mg/dL, and 306.31 SD±151.35 mg/dL respectively. After 90 minutes of Intake of MO leaf powder capsule, the reduction in post-prandial blood glucose level in diabetic patients was significant (p=0.03), however, in non-diabetic healthy participants, it was statistically insignificant (p=0.08). No side-effects of MO were observed in any participant.
Conclusions: In short, this study showed that Moringa oleifera ingestion decreases post-prandial blood glucose level significantly among diabetic, while not in non-diabetic. Moreover, intake of MO has no side effects.
Violence against health care workers and its impact on career choices among medical interns: a cross sectional study
Authors: Chandrasekaran Sundhareshwaran , Panicker Priya R. , Rajendran Naveen H. , Ulfath  , Manoharan Matheesha
Published: October 2023

Background: Compared to any other profession, workplace violence in our country is reported more among health care workers. This study aims at bringing out the impact of the violence against healthcare workers in the minds of the medical interns of medical colleges in Kanniyakumari, Tamil Nadu.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, using a pre-determined, pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire among 100 medical interns, randomly selected from 2 medical colleges in Kanniyakumari district of Tamil Nadu.
Results: 37% interns had experienced workplace violence. Departments such as casualty, ICU, OBG, pediatrics and orthopedics are highly prone for incidence of violence against healthcare professionals. The current rise in the violence against healthcare professionals has affected the future plans of majority (80%) of interns. 24% of them want to work overseas, 12% of them intend to join private/corporate hospitals, 9% of them want non-clinical courses for post-graduation studies, 7% of them intend to take up administrative sector professions whereas 5% of them plan to quit medical field and change their career due to the rise in violence against healthcare workers.
Conclusions: It has been established that many interns are not willing to work in government hospitals and many are planning to move abroad because of fear of violence. This will adversely affect the healthcare standards in our country especially in rural areas. Therefore, adequate steps must to taken to prevent the occurrence of violence against healthcare workers in our country.
Effectiveness of self-instructional module on knowledge regarding emotional intelligence among nursing undergraduates
Authors: Dixit Priyanshi , Tiwari Surya Kant , Kumar Pankaj , Sepat Sushila , Bugalia Uttam
Published: October 2023

Background: Nursing profession requires not only technical expertise but also holistic care, including emotional and social aspects. Nursing student must effectively manage their emotions in stressful situations. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the self-instructional module in enhancing knowledge regarding emotional intelligence among nursing undergraduates.
Methods: A pre-experimental one-group pre-test post-test design was utilized to collect data from 100 nursing students by using a non-probability convenient sampling technique. After the pre-test, a self-instructional module was administered over two sessions, with daily one-hour for three days. The post-test was administered seven days after the intervention.
Results: A significant mean difference was observed between the mean pre-test knowledge scores and the mean post-test knowledge scores. (10.81±2.82 vs 21.22±2.74, p<0.001) The study also revealed that socio-demographic parameters like gender, residence, monthly family income, and extracurricular activities influenced pre-test knowledge scores.
Conclusions: The self-instructional module effectively improved emotional intelligence among nursing students, enhancing their understanding of this crucial aspect.
Biomedical waste management: assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice among health care workers
Authors: Aravind Asokan , T. S. Sudhiraj , Pinheiro Carol , Haris Aqsa M. , Benny Ansila , Krishnan Aparna , K. R. Anitta , Anitha Anjali , Susan Anjali , Sabu Anna , John Anza Miriam , Nizarudheen Asif , Karimban Aslah
Published: October 2023

Background: The waste produced in healthcare activities carries a high potential for infection and injury than any other type of waste. Inadequate knowledge of biomedical waste (BMW) management can lead to serious health consequences and an adverse impact on environment. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of BMW management among healthcare workers of government T. D. medical college, Alappuzha.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among staff and students of government T. D. medical college, Alappuzha. Stratified sampling was done and data was collected using semi structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 26 software.
Results: The majority of faculty and nurses had good knowledge about segregation of waste into yellow and red coded bags. Nurses, students and residents had good knowledge about waste disposal into white coded containers whereas into blue coded containers was seen in lesser proportion among all categories of health care workers. All the nurses and majority of the faculty had corrected attitude towards BMW management. Assessment of practice revealed that 50% of the nurses practiced proper BMW management and the proportion was much lower among all other categories of health care workers.
Conclusions: Knowledge about infectious plastic waste and sharp waste disposal was low among students and faculty respectively. Knowledge about metallic and glassware disposal was low among all categories of health care workers. Attitude towards BMW management was low among students and residents and its practice was inadequate among all categories of health care workers.
Sex selection drug and congenital malformations in North India
Authors: Panda Chinmayee
Published: October 2023

Background: An increasing incidence of congenital malformations (CMF) has been reported in North India in cases use of traditional drug by Mothers to have male child. Aim was to ascertain the association of Sex selection drug (SSD) and congenital malformations.
Methods: This hospital-based age-sex matched pair case control study was done at Advanced Pediatric Centre, Obstretics and Gynaecology department (ANC clinic, Maternity ward, labor room etc.) and Special Clinics, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India in 2019. The mothers were interviewed to collect information about risk factors.
Results: Two hundred three CMF (under five children and gestational CMF) cases and same number of controls were studied. Significant association of CMF was observed with the use of sex selection drugs by mothers (OR= 4.35).
Conclusions: The use of sex selection drugs is an avoidable risk factor of CMF and is of high public health importance. People need to be educated about this.
Demographic and clinical features associated with dengue fever during an outbreak in North India
Authors: Nazir Sadat , Salgotra Sahil , Chowdri Iqra Nisar
Published: October 2023

Background: Dengue is a viral mosquito borne disease that poses high medical burden in many regions of the world. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are critical in reducing the overall morbidity and mortality associated with dengue fever. So, this study was conducted to study the overview of dengue fever and its clinical manifestations during an outbreak in patients in a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: It was a cross sectional study which was conducted at a tertiary care hospital GMC Jammu.  Nonprobability convenience sampling technique was used to enroll the study participants.
Results: The 222 dengue patients were included in this study with mean age of the patients 33.2±11.32 SD years. Among the dengue patients, 74 (33.3%) tested positive for antigen Ns1Ag. IgM antibodies was positive in 20 (9.0%), IgG antibodies was positive in 10 (4.5%) and 18 (8.1%) of the patients tested positive for both IgG and IgM antibodies. Overall prevalence of antibodies that are specific to dengue was 22%.
Conclusions: Dengue specific antigen was present in most of the patients. The major clinical and laboratory outcomes were fever, myalgia, headache/joint pain/body aches, diarrhea and vomiting. An overall prevalence of 22% of dengue specific antibodies was found in the patients.
Out-of-pocket expenditure on healthcare amongst households of an urban village in Delhi
Authors: Singh Suraj P. , Khokhar Anita
Published: October 2023

Background: Poor urban households residing in an unplanned overcrowded settlement, are at a higher risk of morbidities and healthcare expenditure which can be impoverishing. Effective assessment of healthcare expenditure of households living in an urban village is needed to mitigate and protect the vulnerable households from catastrophic health expenditure. The objective of the study was to find out the mean out-of-pocket expenditure on healthcare, and catastrophic health expenditure amongst households of an urban village of Delhi.
Methods: This 18-month duration cross-sectional study was carried out in an urban village of Delhi, Aliganj amongst households residing for the last one year. A sample size of 188 was statistically calculated, and households were selected using systematic random sampling. A pre-designed, pre-tested, semi-structured and interviewer administered questionnaire was used in Hindi to elicit and record information. Data was recorded and coded in MS Excel, and analysis was done using licensed SPSS v.26. Tables was generated, and cross-tables were used to assess statistical association with Chi-square or Fischer Exact tests, as required. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to the variables found having a statistically significant association on cross-tables (p<0.05).
Results: The mean out-of-pocket expenditure borne by a household was INR 20,125.5 (SD± 50,772.3), with a median expenditure of INR 1800. Eighty percent of OOPE was incurred as direct expenditure and 56% was spent in private health facilities.
Conclusions: The households of an urban village of Aliganj, Delhi, have high out-of-pocket expenditure (60.6%), and catastrophic health expenditure (22.9%).
Correlation of serum ferritin, LDH, CRP with chest findings- CT severity index in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Bansal Ankush , Gupta Aayushi , Lachyan Abhishek , Choudhary Dhirender , Sharma Roshni , Dhania Swati , Bansal Aman
Published: October 2023

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by a highly infectious virus primarily transmitted from person to person. The initial clinical manifestations of the condition are non-specific, characterized by the presence of fever and cough. These symptoms may resolve independently or escalate to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiple organ failure, and ultimately, mortality.
Methods: The research was conducted at Moolchand Khairatiram Hospital in the COVID-19 wards and ICU in New Delhi. The blood samples were collected and then analyzed to evaluate the following parameters: C-reactive protein (CRP), serum ferritin, and LDH are the three biomarkers of interest. The statistical significance threshold was established at a p value of less than 0.05.
Results: The study included 200 patients, 49% of whom were male and 51% of whom were female. A link was discovered between the outcome and the CT severity index. Patients who had a CT severity index of 21-25 died at the highest rate. The CT severity index and ferritin were found to have a significant relationship, with patients with elevated ferritin levels reporting the highest CT severity index scores.
Conclusions: A statistically significant association was observed between the CT severity index and the outcome, with the highest mortality rate observed in patients who had a CT severity index of 21-25. The parameters above are crucial in assessing the condition and predicting the outcome of individuals afflicted with COVID-19.
Improving dietary diversity among women of reproductive age group (15-49 years) through community-based activities across four districts of India
Authors: Rastogi Priyanshu , Choudhary Santosh , Mehra Sunil , Sharma Shantanu
Published: October 2023

Background: Globally, more than two billion people have micronutrient deficiencies (MiNDs), with approximately half of them residing in India. Nutri-gardens offer the opportunity to diversify a family's diet. The objective of the present study is to assess the effectiveness of growing nutri-gardens in improving the dietary diversity of women and girls compared to no nutri-gardens.
Methods: It was a post-test-only comparison with a control group. The intervention and control groups were similar in all aspects except that the intervention group received seeds for growing a nutri-garden. A random sample of 100 adolescent girls (15-19 years) and women per district in the intervention and control groups was drawn from four districts. A campaign was launched to spread awareness of nutri-gardens, a balanced diet, and food groups. The data were collected using a pre-designed semi-structured questionnaire that included a standardized diet quality questionnaire.
Results: In total, there were 804 women and adolescent girls. Out of 804, 457 grew (the intervention group) and 347 did not grow nutri-garden (the control group). Women and girls who grew nutri-gardens had 0.38 times higher odds of having higher dietary diversity (≥5) than women and girls who did not. Similarly, women and girls who are educated have higher odds of having a higher dietary diversity compared to illiterates.
Conclusions: The study concludes that establishing nutri-garden along with nutrition education improved dietary diversity among girls and women in the intervention areas. Nutri-garden is a low-cost sustainable approach to providing fruits and vegetables daily and meeting their daily requirements.
Knowledge, attitude and practice among mothers of under five children regarding immunization in a clinic of a private medical college and hospital, Bhubaneswar
Authors: Sarangi Lisa , Panigrahi Rakesh , Samantara Chandan , Acharya Motikrishna , Sahoo Sumeet Prakash , Gupta Monica , Sabat Sunaina , Bilung Mukesh Kumar , Sucharita Sushree Soumya
Published: October 2023

Background: Immunization stands as a vital bulwark against vaccine-preventable diseases, especially for children under the age of 5. Cross-sectional study into the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of mothers concerning childhood immunization and the interplay of sociodemographic factors on immunization practices required.
Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in an immunization clinic at a private medical college and hospital in Bhubaneswar for a total period of 4 weeks). A population purposive sampling technique was used for this study enlisting 70 mothers with children under 5 years old.
Results: The majority of mothers had attained secondary-level education, and significant proportion being homemakers (75.7%). An overwhelming percentage (97.5%) of mothers exhibited a positive attitude towards vaccination, considering it beneficial and safe for their children. However, some exhibited gaps in knowledge concerning the significance of vaccinating from the day of birth and vaccine-related contraindications (24.29%). Crucially, 97.5% of the children had received all mandatory childhood vaccines, and all mothers adhered to the vaccination schedule outlined in the NIS. Socio-demographic factors, such as maternal age and literacy status, are determinants of knowledge about immunization. Younger mothers and those with higher educational attainment were more likely to possess a better understanding of childhood immunization.
Conclusions: This study underscores the pivotal role of maternal KAP in ensuring successful immunization for children under 5. The findings advocate for targeted awareness campaigns and interventions aimed at enhancing maternal knowledge, particularly among younger and less educated mothers.
Tuberculosis health services during advent of COVID-19 pandemic in Sonipat district of Haryana
Authors: Narendran Murugadass , Punia Anita , Verma Ramesh , Kataria Deepika , Singh Jagmohan
Published: October 2023

Background: India put efforts to achieve TB free status by 2025 but, advent of COVID-19 Pandemic compelled to repurposing of health facilities and services to manage the situation, which greatly affected the TB management in the country. This study was aimed to find out the situations faced by Health care providers in diagnosis and initiation/continuation of ATT under NTEP during the COVID-19 pandemic period.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Sonepat District of Haryana State among Medical officers posted in Health Centres and Lab Technicians posted in Designated Microscopy Centres, responsible for managing Tuberculosis during second and third quarters of 2020. Data were collected using separate, pretested semi-structured schedules and results were compiled and described in percentages and proportions.
Results: Almost half (54%) of the LTs were posted at DMCs daily. Only three of the facilities had CB-NAAT facilities, of which two (66.66%) were partially diverted for COVID-19 testing.
Majority (68.2%) of the MOs reported regular OPD facilities at their facilities during lockdown, with regular TB diagnostic lab facilities (68.2%). More than 81% of the MOs reported non-availability of In-Patient (IP) facilities during lockdown, and diversion of staff for COVID-19 was observed as the major reason (66.7%) for facility non-availability.
Conclusions: The pandemic affected the provision of TB services in the region. Preparedness, timely interventions on regular feedbacks can mitigate such difficulties in future.
Assessment of occupational health hazards and associated morbidities in sanitation workers of a metropolitan city in India: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gada Nilam P. , Shukla Rushikesh , Kumar Pratyush , Shah Kunal , Abhishek Kumar , Sarkar Manali , Malhotra Geeti
Published: October 2023

Background: Rapid economic development in emerging countries has accelerated urbanisation, resulting in a rise in urban population as well as sanitation issues such as garbage buildup, clogged sewers, and unhygienic streets. Sanitation employees' health and safety are impacted by increasing workloads and dangers. Numerous health hazards are highlighted in studies, including those related to their gastrointestinal system, lungs, musculoskeletal system, and infectious disorders. Concerns include psychological issues and cancer as well.
Methods: Data from sanitation employees who participated in rotary screening and health checkup activities in Mumbai were analysed in this retrospective cross-sectional research. The study collected demographic information, a self-designed questionnaire on alcohol and cigarette use, and clinical characteristics such blood pressure and haemoglobin levels from participants after they gave informed written consent.
Results: The participants in this retrospective observational research from Mumbai, India, included 793 sanitation employees in total. Age, gender, and tobacco/alcohol use were among the participant variables and targeted results that we looked at. The significant results obtained were cataract on one side 17/793, erythroplakia 1/793 and leukoplakia 26/793.
Conclusions: It is essential to acknowledge their accomplishments and provide greater assistance. Waste disposal is difficult in poor countries because of the prevalence of organic waste. To protect employees, immediate action and the appropriate protective equipment are required.
Knowledge and attitude of school students regarding COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Waghmare Pooja , Humane Sushil , Shaikh Tasleem
Published: October 2023

Background: In India, a variety of approaches was adopted to control the spread of COVID-19 among people including social distancing, compulsion on wearing a mask, and vaccination. However, there is still lacking the awareness among people regarding COVID-19. knowledge and attitude of the youth can make a huge difference in these efforts and so this study is aimed to find the knowledge and attitude of school students regarding COVID-19.
Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in September 2021 on a total of 286 school students. Different schools in Nagpur were used to collect data from students aged between 15-18 years. Prior consent and accent were taken from the parent and students respectively before data collection. A convenient sampling technique was used to collect data by using the demographic form, structured knowledge questionnaire (SKQ), and attitude Likert scale (ALS).
Results: In the study group, 37.06% were in 16-17 years of age, 57.69% were male, 32.87% were in 11th standard, about 55.94% of student’s parents were doing the private job, 39.51% of student’s family income was between 10001-20000, 46.85% students were living in a nuclear family, 89.16 students had previous knowledge of COVID-19 and about 71.37% of student got this knowledge from the television. In the study group, 5.94% of students had Good knowledge and 35.66% of students had a favorable attitude.
Conclusions: The majority of the school students have poor knowledge and attitude toward COVID-19. Educational intervention is very necessary to improve the knowledge of students.
A study to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding handwashing during covid-19 pandemic among ASHA workers working under RHTC Najafgarh, Delhi, NCR
Authors: Bargoti Abha , Pal Monalisha
Published: October 2023

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic. Hand hygiene is a highly cost-effective investment, providing outsized health benefits for relatively little cost; truly a ‘no-regrets’ investment. In this study researcher want to assess the knowledge, practice and attitude of ASHA workers regarding hand washing during COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: In this study interpretation of data collected from 100 ASHA workers through a structured knowledge questionnaire to assess the knowledge and Likert scale to assess the attitude and practice regarding hand washing during Covid-19 pandemic among ASHA workers. The non- probability, convenient sampling technique was used to select samples.
Results: The results showed that (66%) of ASHA workers had average knowledge, the remaining (31%) had good knowledge, (3%) had poor knowledge.
Conclusions: The study reveals the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of ASHA worker regarding hand washing during covid 19 pandemic was average. It suggests a need for improvement of hand hygiene practices and knowledge among health professional working under covid 19 pandemic.
Outcome of newborn hearing screening a prospective study
Authors: Sahni Dimple , Bhagat Sanjeev , Kaur Balraj , Singh Parvinder , Kaur Amandeep , Singh Parminder , Sahni Priya
Published: October 2023

Background: Hearing is a very important part of newborn language as well as speech development, hearing loss varies degrees i.e. from hearing impairment to complete hearing loss. It has an effect on person’s physical, social, mental, educational, and economic well-being.
Methods: The current study's objective was to use OAE to test newborns for hearing in the department of otorhinolaryngology and study was carried out over a period of 2 years (September 2020 to September 2022) in 2000 neonates born at Rajindra hospital Patiala by DPOAE (distortion product OAE) test. The association between maternal, neonatal, sociodemographic factors and hearing impairment in neonates were evaluated.
Results: In our study 257 out of 2000 newborns had ‘Refer’ result on OAE. There was a male preponderance (1061 males and 939 females) with 7% males having ‘Refer’ results as compared to 5.85% of females.153 out of 2000 neonates with ‘Refer’ result belonged to the lower class and 9.9% newborns with ‘Refer’ result was from rural area. Perinatal illnesses like Severe anemia (1.17%), Hypertension (0.78%) also have an impact on neonatal hearing impairment. In neonatal risk factors prematurity caused hearing impairment in 7.85% of neonates, low Apgar score at birth and 1 min (8.55% and 8.35%), low birth weight (8.75%), and more than 24-hour NICU admission (3.7%)
Conclusions: The screening of neonates with Otoacoustic emissions is required for early detection of neonatal hearing loss as OAE is an easy,reasonably priced and dependable procedure for infant testing on a wide scale.
Comparison of short‐course versus long‐course antibiotic treatment for community‐acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis of randomized control trials
Authors: Khowaja Rahil , Karimi Fazila
Published: October 2023

The duration of antibiotic treatment of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) has been a topic of discussion in scientific communities because of the lack of evidence about the current regimen, i.e., 7 to 10 days of treatment. The present meta-analysis aims to compare the effectiveness of shorter-duration antibiotic treatment with longer-duration antibiotic treatment in patients with CAP. This meta-analysis was conducted and reported in accordance with the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. Two authors carried out a scientific literature search on online databases, including EMBASE, PubMed and Cochrane Library. The following keywords or corresponding medical subject headings (MeSH) were used for the search of relevant articles: “community-acquired pneumonia”, “antibiotics”, “drug therapy”, “short course”, “long course”, and "duration". The primary outcomes assessed in this meta-analysis were clinical efficacy, microbiological efficacy and radiological resolution, other outcomes included mortality and drug related adverse events. Total 6 RCTs were included in the current meta-analysis. No significant differences were found between shorter-course and longer-course antibiotic treatment in terms of clinical efficacy, microbiological efficiency, radiological resolution, mortality and drug-related adverse events. The findings of the present meta-analysis showed that the treatment of CAP with a shorter course of antibiotic is as effective as a longer course of therapy.
Medical sales representatives: a neglected group of pharmaceutical workers in India: need to redefine their role in post COVID-19 world
Authors: Dixit Sushmita
Published: October 2023

Purpose of the study was to analyze the challenges of medical sales representatives’ occupation in India and identification of the impact of digital technologies in redefining the role of medical sales representatives in post-COVID era in India. In this study, relevant literature is reviewed to know the past and present situation of the Medical sales representative's occupation in India and digital intervention in it during COVID-19 pandemic. The study found that digital technologies are proving significant in reshaping and redefining the occupational role of medical sales representatives’ role in post COVID-19 world. The study suggests transformational route for medical sales representatives’ conventional role through digital learning.
The impact of occlusal forces on the longevity of restorations
Authors: Asaad Yasmin Mohammad , Alhudaithi Mohammed Khalid , Alazraqi Marwan Saeed , Almugren Saad Saud , Alhumizi Nawaf Abdulrahman , Albesher Faisal Abdullah , Alhammad Yazeed Muhammad , Alzahrani Ali Mohammed , Aljutaili Abdullah Ahmed , Albaijan Abdulaziz Ahmed , Bushnaq Hawazen Zohair
Published: October 2023

The longevity of dental restorations like fillings, crowns, and bridges is critically influenced by occlusal forces exerted during biting and chewing. These forces vary among individuals based on diet, masticatory habits, and the structural soundness of the dental arch and can range from 11 to over 450 Newtons, depending on circumstances. The choice of restorative material is important for withstanding these forces. While amalgam is durable, modern dentistry has shifted towards aesthetic restoratives such as composite resins and ceramics. However, these materials respond differently to occlusal forces. Ceramics might fracture under excess load, whereas composite resins resist wear but can degrade over time due to other factors. Precision in restoration is crucial to preventing undue occlusal forces that might lead to restoration failure. Tools like T-scan assist in this precision. The manner and distribution of occlusal forces, along with the health of the periodontal ligament, are critical for restoration durability. Bruxism, a parafunctional habit, can significantly impact restorations, necessitating protective measures like occlusal splints and patient education. The interplay of occlusal forces and the chosen restorative material greatly affects the success and lifespan of dental restorations.