bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Culturen van letselschadeafwikkeling
Authors: Engelhard E.S. , Lindenbergh S.D.
Published: January 2017

Culturen van letselschadeafwikkeling. Indrukken uit een vergelijkend onderzoek naar de wijze van afwikkeling van letselschades in Engeland, Noorwegen en Nederland

Onderzoek naar de wijze waarop letselschades worden afgewikkeld in Engeland, Noorwegen en Nederland brengt relevante verschillen in afwikkelingsculturen aan het licht. De Engelse wijze van afwikkeling is sterk gericht op afwikkeling in rechte en is vergaand vercommercialiseerd. De Noorse praktijk kenmerkt zich door een op sociale zekerheid gebaseerde afwikkelingscultuur buiten rechte, die in hoge mate is gebaseerd op onderling vertrouwen. De Nederlandse praktijk van schadeafwikkeling heeft met de Engelse gemeen dat zij vorm krijgt in een commerciële setting tegen de achtergrond van het civiele aansprakelijkheidsrecht. Met de Noorse praktijk heeft zij gemeen dat het proces van afwikkeling in hoge mate is gebaseerd op overleg buiten rechte en op onderling vertrouwen.
Wat is een behoorlijke verzekering in het kader van goed werkgeverschap?
Authors: Goudkuil J.R.
Published: January 2017

Wat is een behoorlijke verzekering in het kader van goed werkgeverschap?

De Hoge Raad heeft in 2011 voor werkgevers een behoorlijke verzekeringsplicht in het leven geroepen met betrekking tot de werknemers die zich tijdens de uitoefening van werkzaamheden in het verkeer bevinden. Wat wordt verstaan onder een behoorlijke verzekering? Om deze centrale vraag te onderzoeken zijn eerst aanknopingspunten gezocht in de jurisprudentie. Hierna zijn meerdere verzekeringspolissen onderzocht om te bezien wat een gangbare verzekeringspolis is. Het voornaamste onderzoeksresultaat is dat verzekeraars het Burgerlijk Wetboek van toepassing hebben verklaard. Enerzijds betekent dit in beginsel volledige schadevergoeding voor de werknemer, anderzijds betekent dit dat eventuele onduidelijkheden wat betreft de schadevergoeding aan de rechter worden overgelaten.
Schade door een ongeschikte medische hulpzaak ex artikel 6:77 BW: een rechtsvergelijking met Frankrijk en Duitsland
Authors: Ramaekers V.J.P.
Published: January 2017

Schade door een ongeschikte medische hulpzaak ex artikel 6:77 BW: een rechtsvergelijking met Frankrijk en Duitsland

De aansprakelijkheidsregeling voor gebruikers van ongeschikte medische hulpzaken volgens artikel 6:77 BW heeft geleid tot rechtsonzekerheid en discussie. Om nieuwe inzichten te verkrijgen is het interessant om een rechtsvergelijking te maken met twee nabijgelegen landen die voor wat betreft het rechtssysteem en de juridisch-culturele ontwikkeling op Nederland lijken. In deze bijdrage is daarom onderzocht wie in Frankrijk en Duitsland door patiënten kunnen worden aangesproken, wat daar de tendensen in zijn en op welke manier het Nederlandse recht daar inspiratie aan kan ontlenen.
De rol van religie in orgaandonatie
Authors: Schmeets Hans , Peters Floris
Published: January 2017

The role of religion for organ donation

This article analyzes the relationship between religiosity and organ donation, using unique Dutch register- and survey data of almost 400.000 individuals. One in four of the Dutch population ages 12 years and above is registered as an organ donor. Non-religious individuals are more likely to give permission for the transplantation of their organs than the religious. In particular, there are few organ donors among individuals who very frequently attend religious services. Furthermore, there are differences between religious denominations. Roman-Catholics are more often registered as an organ donor than Protestants, in particular among older generations. The proportion of organ donors is lowest among Muslims.
Over de esthetica van het recht
Authors: Slootweg Timo
Published: January 2017

On the aesthetics of law. Tragedy and Christianity

Aesthetics of law entails a philosophical inquiry into the art and beauty of jurisprudence. In respect to this field of inquiry, Nietzsche’s The Birth of Tragedy (1872) has been largely ignored. Since Socrates’ ‘emancipation’ of the apollonian from the Dionysian element, the art of politics and law, has been founded almost exclusively on logic and scientific knowledge. This tradition of nihilistic ‘socratism’, culminated eventually in legalism and legal positivism that have subdued the acknowledgement of life, subjectivity and creativity. In line with Nietzsche, this article explores the prospective of a ‘rebirth of tragedy’. But in difference to him, it designates this rebirth to develop from out of the spirit of Christianity and Christian existentialism. Paul Scholten in particular, is interpreted as one whose biblical personalist approach resounds this tragic sense of law.
Barmhartigheid in het publieke domein onder druk
Authors: Jespers Frans
Published: January 2017

Mercy in public life under pressure

The authors establish that in the West mercy in public life, in particular as acts of judges and governors, underwent a wrongful decline. This decline is an effect of the tension between mercy and justice that grew during the transition of medieval, Christian into modern, secular law and justice. To prove this, the authors present a broad historical overview. Eventually, they argue in favour of an incidental application of mercy in public life, under strict conditions. However, in a secular society and law system mercy can be made acceptable only for the political and public debate. In this situation, an appeal to a more neutral sounding virtue such as compassion will be more convincing.
Hoogste bestuursrechter in Frankrijk acht boerkiniverbod strijdig met grondrechten
Authors: van Sasse van Ysselt Paul
Published: January 2017

French Council of state and the burkini ban

The French state council ruled that the mayor of Villeneuve-Loubet did not have the right to ban burkinis. The court found that the anti-burkini decrees were “a serious and manifestly illegal attack on fundamental freedoms”, including the right to move around in public and the freedom of conscience. The judges stated that local authorities could only restrict individual liberties if there was a “proven risk” to public order. It ruled that a proven public order risk had not been demonstrated.
Effects of drought stress simulated by peg on seed germination of two ecotypes of ceratoides arborescens
Authors: Ge-le Qing , Togtokhbayar N , Yu-Zhi Wang , Jie Sun , Enkhchimeg V
Published: January 2017

Ceratoides arborescens is widely distributed in arid area of Inner Mongolia. They are fine sand binding plants, and the main feed of livestock in arid desert area in the dry season. Under drought stress, seed germination and seedling root growth is very important to the survival and development of plant seedlings. Therefore our main objective of this study was to determine the effects of drought stress on seed germination and seedling growth of two ecotypes, Wu and Kerqin, of Ceratoides arborescens. The effects of drought stress on seed germination under PEG treatment and germination recovery under optimal conditions after presoaking with PEG solution were studied in a series of laboratory tests. The germination and radical growth of the two ecotype Wu and Kerqin of Ceratoides arborescens were studied to different degrees of inhibition with reduced osmotic potential of a series of PEG solutions. However, slight drought stress promoted the seed germination of the two ecotype Wu and Kerqin of Ceratoides arborescens and improved the germination index of the two ecotypes, simulating the radical growth. The lowest osmotic potential for germination was -2.1MPa for Kerqin and -1.8MPa for Wu. The result shows that the drought resistance of seed germination of Kerqin was stronger than that of Wu.Under optimal conditions, the seeds presoaked with PEG solution recovered their germination after drought stress was relived. The seeds presoaked longer, suffered greater from drought stress and germination was suppressed completely. The radical length of the primary root of the two species had no significant difference between the CK after presoaking with PEG solution in 3d，and then decreased significantly with the increase of days of presoaking.
Grain quality of spring wheat varieties
Authors: Batbold S
Published: January 2017

Spring wheat is main crop of Mongolia and sown more 90% of agricultural planting area. Total wheat production of Mongolia are increasing gradually, but out of strong and valuable wheat for bread and flour production. Main case of providing sustainable wheat production are develop and widely cultivate strong and valuable wheat varieties resistant to abiotic stresses, with high yield and good quality. Spring wheat varieties by HMW-GS loci were similar, but variety Darkhan-166 /Arvin/ was more than others varieties. Wheat varieties Darkhan-144, KP-547-12, Darkhan-131, Darkhan-144 and KP-561-12 have a high 1000 grain weight (41.5-44.8 g). Spring wheat varieties KP-547-12, Darkhan-131 and KP-561-12 have a high dry gluten content (13.1-14.2%). Water absorption of spring wheat varieties were 61-62% and by this parameters Darkhan-131, Darkhan-166 and KP-547-12 varieties were a high. Dough development time of wheat varieties were 8-13 мин and Darkhan-131, Darkhan-166, Darkhan-172 and KP-547-12 varieties have a high flour power. Wheat varieties Darkhan-131 and KP-547-12 have a high dough energy (828.8-857.2 g.mm).
Tuber yield parameters in organic potato production with green manures as preceding crop, catch crop and with farmyard manure
Authors: Tsolmon Nyamdavaa , Jürgen Friedel K
Published: January 2017

The effect of different preceding crops, catch crops and manure application on the agronomic performance of potato was studied in two consequential years in an organic farming system. Within the study the effect of three different preceding crops: viz. lucerne, field pea and spring barley; incorporated catch crops as green manure: non-legume or mixture; and farmyard manure (30 tones ha-1) are tested on subsequent potato yield and tuber size distribution. The catch crop treatments were studied in comparison to control bare fallow. The subsequent crop response to preceding crops was negligible since there was no indication of a greater tuber yields (fresh tuber, marketable and dry matter) after legume pre-crops compared to barley. Catch crops and manure effects both slightly increased tuber dry matter yield from 4.9 tones ha-1 to 5.2 tones ha-1 in 2010 only, on the contrary dry matter yield was not affected by catch crop and manure in 2011. The significant interaction effect was found between year and catch crop for fresh and dry matter tuber yield and non-standard small sized tubers. Catch crops had a positive effect on potato yield only in 2010 when mineral nitrogen availability was low. The catch crops significantly (P < 0.01) increased the percentage of large sized tubers (> 65 mm in diameter); however catch crops even negatively affected potato medium sized tuber yield and quality. Significant (P < 0.01) interaction effect was found between year and catch crop for small sized tubers, also.
Reaching the rural poor through agricultural cooperatives in Mongolia
Authors: Hilliová Markéta , Hejkrlík Jiri , Mazancová Jana , Tseren Tserendavaa
Published: January 2017

The paper is preoccupied with the cooperative sector in central Mongolia. Its aim is to provide new insights into the role and importance of cooperatives in regard to poor rural populations. In the paper we analyze the inclusiveness of smaller herders and farmers with in the cooperatives. The research is based on data collection in selected provinces of the Tov region. The data were collected for three distinctive target groups-cooperative board members, cooperative members and non-members/herders. We found that the cooperative sector in Mongolia is strongly affected by the governmental policy of wool subsidies, which allows subsidies only to cooperative members, and is thus potentially leading to very low levels of members self-identification with the cooperative due to big increases in the numbers of new cooperative members. This policy is potentially also affecting the inner organizational structure of cooperatives. Further, we have found suggestions that poorer herdsmen tend not to be members of cooperatives and overall benefits for non-members and the general community arising from local cooperatives are rather low.
УЛААНБААТАР ХОТЫН ХӨРСНИЙ БОХИРДОЛ
Authors: Батхишиг О
Published: January 2017

According by soil investigation of Ulaanbaatar city area in 2012 soil heavy metal contamination generally was low. In some areas revealed anomaly high content of Chromium, Lead and Zink exceeding maximum allowed content. But this points a sporadic distributed not covered big area and 7.5-2.7 % of samples are exceeding standard level. The soil ammonium and sulfate content is high comparing with non-polluted pasture soils. Soil ammonium pollution more closely connected with big open markets and “ger horoolol” area. Primary source of sulfate content is air pollution and coal burning. Soil microbiological pollution, E.Coli and anaerobic bacteria level is high. The “ger horoolol” district area becoming main source of microbiological pollution. Improvement of solid waste management and “ger horoolol” area planning is challenging issue to solve a soil pollution problem of Ulaanbaatar city area.
Тусгай хамгаалалттай газрын менежментийн өнөөгийн байдал хэтийн төлөв
Authors: Эрдэнэчимэг Н
Published: January 2017

The  paper discusses the stages of development of the protected areas network in Mongolia. Urban sprawl is affecting Bogd-Ula SPA as its northern edges have been absorbed by urban expansion (primarily high-end apartment buildings) of the capital Ulaanbaatar.
ЦАХИЛГААН СТАНЦЫН ХАЯГДАЛ ҮНС, ҮНСНИЙ ХЭРЭГЛЭЭ, ҮНСИЙГ МАНАЙ УЛСАД АШИГЛАХ БОЛОМЖ
Authors: Тэмүүжин Ж
Published: January 2017

Цахилгаан станцыэ хаягдал үнсний төрөл, хими, эрдэс зүйн найрлага болон гадаад бүтцийн онцлогыг судлав. Цахилгаан станцын хаягдал үнс нь барилга, хими, шинэ болон байгаль орчны хамгааллын чиглэлээр ашиглаж болох хэрэгцээт түүхий эд юм. Үнс нь инэнхидээ хөнгөн цагаант цахиураас тогтсон бөмбөлөг хэлбэрийн гадаад бүтэцтэй байдаг. Манай оронд хаягдал үнсийг ашиглах шинэ боломж байгааг өөрсдийн хийж буй судалгааны үндсэн дээр тодорхойлов.
ТАТМЫН НУГЫН ҮЕТЭН-АЛАГ ӨВСТ БҮЛГЭМДЭЛД ЗОНХИЛОХ ЗАРИМ ЗҮЙЛ УРГАМЛЫН ЦЕНОПОПУЛЯЦИЙН СУДАЛГАА
Authors: Нарантуяа Н , Мөнхзул О
Published: January 2017

The Hordeum brevisubulatum is indicator of meadow was growing and cover was increased in heavily degraded meadow community due to grazing had been fenced for 4 years is indicating that meadow vegetation has resilience after heavy grazing.As a result of cenopopulation, palatable and high nutrient plants such as Коeleria macrantha, Leymus chinensis, Agrostis Trinii role were decreased in community whereas adults individual with shoots were dominated that is related to the at this phase this kind of plants contains more cellulose thus stem become hard depending on it palatibility is decreased. Therefore fencing of heavily degraded rangeland is main scientific background for proper grazing depending on plant phenology and biology of plants.
МОНГОЛ ТЭРЛЭГ ЭСГЭХ АРГАД ХИЙСЭН СУДАЛГААНЫ ДҮН
Authors: Эрдэнэчимэг О
Published: January 2017

Delicacy of Mongolian deels can be clearly seen in deels of royal family members and nobles whose deels embedded typicals of the Central khalkh people. Since ancient times, our ancestors have created their own craft techniques of livestock items during their life in nomadic way at the vast steppe. It has been become rich heritage of ethnic handcrafts from generation to generation
ОЛИГАРХЖСАН УЛС ТӨРИЙН НАМААС НАМГҮЙ НИЙГЭМД ШИЛЖИХ ЦАГ БИДНИЙ ТӨСӨӨЛЖ БАЙГААГААС ИЛҮҮ ОЙРХОН Ч БАЙЖ МЭДНЭ
Authors: Баасансүрэн Д
Published: January 2017

Сүүлийн жилүүдэд улс төрийн намыг өөрчлөн байгуулах, шинэчлэх тухай асуудал эрчимтэй яригдсаар ирлээ. Аливаа улс төрийн нам цөөнхийн эрх мэдэлд орж олигархжих хувь тавилан, зүй тогтолтой.Улс төрийн намыг цаашид хэрхэх талаарх олон нийтийн үзэл бодол, байр суурийн зөрүүтэй байдал нь аажмаар арилж, ижил төстөй санаа бодол руу ойртох хандлага ажиглагдаж буй нь намгүй нийгэмд шилжих цаг бидний төсөөлж байгаагаас илүү ойрхон ч байж мэднэ.
БИЧГИЙН БА АМАН ЗОХИОЛЫН ХАРИЛЦАА ХОЛБООНЫ АСУУДАЛД
Authors: Мөнхбаяр Б
Published: January 2017

Аман зохиол нь хүмүүсийн дунд уламжлагдан тархахдаа, нэг хүнээс олон хүнд дамжиж хүрч түгдэг, улмаар түүнийг хүлээн авсан сонсогч, авьяастнууд тээгч нь болж, хөгжүүлдэг буюу ерөөс хамтын сэтгэлгээний үр дүнд буй болсон бүтээл байдаг.
НЭГЭН ЦОГЦ ЧАНАР (SINGULARITY)-ЫН МЭДЭГДЭХҮҮНИЙ БИЛИГ
Authors: Ган-Өлзий Батын Ч
Published: January 2017

Орчин үеийн шинжлэх ухаан, ялангуяа космологийн ололт амжилтууд сингуляр чанар хэмээх феномэний тухай ярихад хүргэв. Өрнөдийн сэтгэлгээ, эртний Герэгийн Демокритын үеэс эхлэн хоёр хагас мянганы турш ноёрхож ирсэн бодисын ёсыг хэт баримталдаг философи энэ феномэнийг тайлбарлаж чадахгүй учир нэн орчин үеийн физикчид дорнын мэдэгдэхүүний билигт хандаж байна. Дорно дахины феномэнологи нь өрнөдийнхийг бодвол нэн эртний, христийн тооллоос өмнөх 2500 жилийн тэртээгээс шинжлэх ухааны хувьд үүсэж хөгжсөн хэдий ч нэн орчин үеийн космологи, математик, онолын физик, компьютерийн технологи болон философийг нэгтгэсэн танин мэдэхүйн салбарыг тайлбарлах арга зүй болж чадах нь улам бүр харагдаж эхэллээ.
ЭГЭЛ НАРСАН ОЙН ҮРИЙН ТАЛБАЙН ХӨРСНИЙ ШИНЖ ЧАНАРЫН СУДАЛГАА
Authors: Удвал Б , Дашзэвэг Ц , Батхүү Н
Published: January 2017

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is the one of the most important economic timber species even their distribution is very limited in Mongolia compared with Larix sibirica. P. sylvestris stand cover only 5% of total forest cover of Mongolia and distributes in subtaiga elevational zone. Forest resources in Mongolia have been continuously degraded over the past few years due to improper exploitation for timber and fuel wood (both permitted and illegal), forest and steppe fires [18], insects/pests and diseases, mining, uncontrolled grazing, and inadequate management. Hence, conservation of Scots pine forests which have very limited distribution is very important for this region. The study sites are located in Tujiin nars area, Altanbulag soum, Selenge province in the transitional zone where the mountainous zone around Lake Baikal changes to the Northern Mongolian highlands and are parts of the northern mountain range.Analysis of soil physical and chemical properties shown that seed stands with site index II has more humus accumulation (1.32%) than that of seed stands with sites index III (0.73%) and IV (0.65%), respectively, which suggests that site index or growth condition of forest stands which subjected as seed collection stands should be classified as site index II or III, accordingly.
МОНГОЛ ЧОНОГОНО (JURINEA MONGOLICA MAXIM.) УРГАМЛЫН ФИТОХИМИ БОЛОН БИОЛОГИЙН ИДЭВХИЙН СУДАЛГАА
Authors: Думаа М , Солонго Т , Болортуяа М , Чүнсриймятав Г , Грүнер Маргит , Кноелкер Ханс Яаохим , Рэгдэл Д
Published: January 2017

Монгол чоногоно (Jurinea mongolica Maxim.) ургамлын газрын дээд хэсгийн этилацетатын бүлэг ханднаас хиспидулин бодисыг цэврээр ялгаж, молекулын бүтэц байгууламжийг масс спектрометр, 1Н, 13С болон хоёр хэмжээст цөмийн соронзон резонансын (ЦСР) спектроскопын аргаар таньж тодорхойлов.Тухайн ургамлын нийлбэр алкалоид, хлороформ, этилацетатын хандны бактерийн антибиотикт тэсвэрлэх чадварыг дарангуйлах (guorum sensing (QS) систем) идэвх нь 30мг/мл тунд 10.0 ± 0.0 мм, 15.5 ± 2.1 мм, 12.0 ± 4.24 мм; хлороформын хандны Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Micrococcus luteus (M. luteus), Sh. Epidermius (Sh. epidermius) бактерийн ургалтыг дарангуйлсан хэмжээ нь 10 мг/мл тундаа 11.4 мм, 13.12 мм, 15.16 мм тус тус байна. Харин тухайн ургамлын мутагенийг дарангуйлах идэвх нь петролейны эфир, хлороформ, этилацетат, н-бутанол, усан үлдэгдэл болон нийлбэр алкалоидод 8%, 62%, 46%, 7%, 44%, 59% тус тус байв. Монгол чоногоно ургамлын метанолын хандны нийлбэр фенолт нэгдлийн агууламж нь 14,1±0,3 µг/мл, антиоксидант идэвх 3,6 ± 0,3 µг/мл (ABTS), 1,3 ± 0,1 µг/мл (DPPH) тус тус хэмжээтэй байна.
ХУУРАЙ ХЭЭРИЙН ТОМ ХЯЛГАНАТ БҮЛГЭМДЭЛД УУР АМЬСГАЛЫН ӨӨРЧЛӨЛТИЙН ҮЗҮҮЛЭХ НӨЛӨӨ
Authors: Хонгорзул О , Жаргалсайхан Л , Түвшинтогтох И
Published: January 2017

Бидний судалгаа гүйцэтгэсэн Том хялганат бүлгэмдэл нь Дорнод Монголын үндсэн ургамал нөмрөгийг бүрдүүлэх ба түүний тархац Дорнод болон Өвөр Монголын нутгаар хязгаарлагдах тул Монголын тэгш өндөрлөгийн унаган хээр юм. Уг хээр нь Номхон далайн муссоны нөлөөн дор оршдог учир Монгол оронд тархах бусад хээрийг бодвол илүү өтгөн, сахлаг, биомасс өндөртэй ургадаг учир хадлан бэлчээрийн том нөөц болдог. Тиймээс Монгол орны хэмжээнд сүүлийн жилүүдэд эрчимтэй ажиглагдах болсон уур амьсгалын өөрчлөлт тус бүлгэмдлийн төлөв байдалд хэрхэн нөлөөлсөнийг энэхүү бүтээлд өгүүлж байна. Ингэхдээ бид том хялганат бүлгэмдэлд 1982, 2009 онд гүйцэтгэсэн хээрийн судалгааны үр дүнг ашиглав. Бидний судалгаагаар хуурайшилтын нөлөөгөөр Том хялганат бүлгэмдлийн зүйлийн баялаг 37 зүйл ургамлаар буурч экологийн чийгсүү-хуурайсаг, чийгсэг бүлгийн зүйлүүд ургахаа больсон. Түүнчлэн бүлгэмдэлд дэгнүүлт олон наст өвслөг ургамал болон цөөн наст зүйлүүдийн газрын дээрх биомасс 20.2-8.3 дахин нэмэгджээ.
DUNALIELLA ЗАМГИЙН ФИЗИОЛОГИ, БИОХИМИЙН СУДАЛГААНЫ ДҮН
Authors: Одгэрэл Б , Цэрэндулам Д
Published: January 2017

The genus Dunaliella is widely studied microalgae for its tolerance to extreme conditions, physiological aspects and many biotechnological applications, such as beta-carotene, protein, lipids and many other bioactive compounds. Physiological and biochemical studies are essential to fully explore the properties and possibilities of new isolates of Dunaliella.The aim of this study was to describe cellular morphology, growth rate and protein content of three Dunaliella strains, isolated from salty lakes in Mongolia. The cellular morphology, growth rates, protein contents were studied using microscopic analyses, Neubauer’s chamber, and micro kjeldahl method.Results showed that growths of all three Dunaliella cultures were progressed through lag phase at 3rd day. The growth of Dunaliella D-1 reached its peak on day 6, while Dunaliella D-6 and D-7 reached their stationary phase on day 7. Furthermore, the protein contents of dry biomass in Dunaliella D-1, D-6 and D-7 cultures were 62.2%, 36.1% and 38.15%, respectively. The highest protein content was found in Dunaliella D-1 culture, hence this culture could be used as protein rich supplement in further study.
ХАВДАР ЭСИЙН ҮЙЛ АЖИЛЛАГААНД JSAP (JNK/STRESS-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN) УУРГИЙН ОРОЛЦОО
Authors: Эрдэнэбаатар П , Риота Н , Кацүжи Ё
Published: January 2017

JSAP1 and JSAP2 are structurally close related family proteins and originally have been identified as scaffold proteins of the JNK and p38 MAPK modules. The specificity of MAPK cascades is regulated, at least in part, by scaffold proteins, such as JSAPs[1-7]. Some studies showed [7-12] that JSAPs function as adaptor proteins which link cargoes to kinesin-1, the cellular cargo transporter along with microtubules. Also JSAPs regulate certain crucial neuronal processes, particularly axon elongation, branching and neurite outgrowth[13-22]. Interestingly, in recent studies it was reported that an elevated expression of JSAP2 protein in various cancers, including breast, colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma, might be proposed as a biomarker for diagnosis of cancers at early stage[25-28]. However, roles of JSAP in cancer cells and their underling molecular mechanisms are not known well at present. Within our project which aims to clarify potential roles of JSAPs in cancers, in the present study an overexpression of JSAPs in HeLa cells using lentiviral vectors were performed and immunocytochemical analyses focused on centrosomes at mitotic stage of dividing cells were done. In results, in HeLa dividing cells, which overexpress the wild type of JSAPs or their substitution mutant forms a multiple centrosome at mitotic stage of cells were found. However, in case of overexpression of the deletion mutant JSAP proteins in cancer cells a multi-centrosome abnormality were not observed, as well as in control cells.
ӨНӨӨГИЙН МОНГОЛ ОРНЫ УРГАМЛЫН АЙМГИЙН ЗҮЙЛИЙН БҮРДЭЛ, ОЛОН ЯНЗ БАЙДАЛ
Authors: Ургамал М , Энхтуяа О , Хэрлэнчимэг Н , Энхжаргал Э , Бөхчулуун Ц , Бүрэнбаатар Г , Жавхлан С
Published: January 2017

According to an overview of plant diversity in Mongolia, has 7,315 native species and infraspecific taxa of plants belonging to 1,522 genera, 392 families, 116 orders 39 classes and 19 phyla. Among them, there are 574 mushroom species in 156 genera and 56 families, 2003 algae species in 268 genera and 87 families, 1,031 lichens species in 207 genera and 63 families, 580 bryophytes species in 208 genera and 74 families, and 3127 vascular plant species in 683 genera and 112 families. Currently according to the data, Mongolian vascular plant has 153 species (4.89%) of endemic palnts, 458 species (14.64%) of subendemic, 133 species (4.25%) of very rare, 356 species (11.38%) of rare, 35 species (1.11%) of alien plants, 438 species (14.0%) of antropophilus plants, 143 species (4.57%) of aquatic plants, 70 species (2.23%) of relict plants, 47 species (1.50%) of wilding crops, 135 species (4.31%) in Red Book, 148 species (4.73%) of Red List, and 8 species (0.25%) of in II annex of CITES.
A word from the Chief Editor
Authors: Tanaś Maciej
Published: January 2017

A word from the Chief Editor
Teaching quantitative research methods: the employability factor
Authors: Brookfield Charlotte
Published: January 2017

Various initiatives have been launched to encourage sociology students studying in the UK to engage more with quantitative research methods (for example: Dale et al., 2008; Adney and Carey, 2009; Falkingham et al., 2009), however, their success has been limited.
Embedding quantitative methods in substantive sociology curricula has been suggested as one way to reduce students’ anxieties about learning quantitative research methods (Williams et al., 2015). This approach has been employed at Cardiff University’s School of Social Sciences, where quantitative skills have been strategically incorporated into various aspects of a first year undergraduate substantive module. This paper will reflect on the experience of teaching on this module.
The paper will conclude that while the introduction of quantitative content into substantive modules indicates support for change, embedding alone cannot be viewed as a single solution to encouraging to students’ to learn about or utilise quantitative research methods. Two possible reasons for this will be suggested. Firstly, it will be argued that the majority of students no longer pursue sociology at degree level in order to gain the skills to become a competent social researcher, but rather see sociology as a discipline that will equip them with transferable and desirable skills for many occupations. Consequently, engagement with quantitative research methods is not essential to students’ strategic approach to learning as it was for previous generations who wished to understand how to study their social world. Secondly, it will be suggested that the deficit of quantitative methods in mainstream British sociology journals and the methodological preferences of practicing sociologists leads to speculation over the available staff who are capable of delivering an integrated curriculum with quantitative methods embedded in substantive modules.
Students’ humor styles and its use in stress coping
Authors: Dutkevich Tetiana
Published: January 2017

The article shows the results of studying of role of students’ humor styles during coping the stress . It was shown the positive and negative humor styles regarding the interpersonal relationship. It was revealed some differences in use of humor styles during coping the stress among students of Ukrainian and Russian samples; among girls and younkers. The statistically significant correlations between students’ use of humor style and indexes of stress coping were calculated, which show that coping the stress students use negative for the relationship humor styles (aggressive humor and self-defeating humor). At the same time, the potential possibilities of affiliative humor to improve the relationship are used not enough during coping the stress both by the younkers and girls. While potential possibilities of affiliative humor to improve the relationship are used not enough during coping the stress both by the younkers and girls.
Students with special needs in the Kazakh educational system
Authors: Kulesza Ewa , Butabayeva Laura
Published: January 2017

Till 1991, Kazakh education developed in line with education practiced in the Soviet Union; that is why, its system of special education and the theoretical and methodological basis were consistent with the Russian solutions. At present, education is being intensively restructured as the approach to students with special needs has changed. Inclusive education has become one of the priorities for the Republic of Kazakhstan (National Program of Education Development in the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2011-2020). A number of actions were undertaken in this area: legislation was adopted, and the knowledge of good educational practice used in other countries as well as the forms, principles and strategies of implementing the philosophy of education for all was gained.
Data analysis showed that the majority of students with special needs (73 percent) are still in special preschools, schools, residential centers, and sanatorium- and hospital-based facilities. As part of inclusive education, special classes and groups are being organized in mainstream settings, and there are mainstream preschools and schools with groups and classes with two to three children with special needs, who have the same core curriculum as their nondisabled peers.
Many creators of inclusive education in Kazakhstan emphasize that a friendly social environment is an important condition for successful implementation of inclusive education. That is why it is still topical and important to get to know this environment and to accurately estimate the number of people who need support.
Strategies of solving tasks while using the multimedia computer program by 7-year-old students
Authors: Jelinek Jan Amos
Published: January 2017

Both in the classroom as well as on the computer screen pupils can apply similar strategies of dealing with tasks (with difficult situation). For this reason multimedia programs for learning mathematics treated are as educational alternative manner of the forming amongst children abilities of solving problems. Domain of computer programs is better adapting the level of difficulty of tasks to individual possibilities of each of users. It seems that contemporary multimedia programs are effective (Kaczmarek, 2003; Watoła, 2006; Raszka, 2008). However from conducted research which are taking into account behavior of pupils while using the computer is pointing out to the uncertainty in this belief. It turns out that abilities acquired while using the multimedia program of children aren't transferring for solving problems in tasks of the paper-pencil type (Kengfeng, 2008).
(Un)safe screen time? Critical theoretical-empirical analysis
Authors: Mikolajewska Izabela , Mikolajewska Agata
Published: January 2017

The fundamental source of the reflection make up the theoretical-empirical data referring to a phenomenon, which in the era of technological progress is of particular importance: the phenomenon of screen time. Besides defining the key term screen time refers to all activities done in front of a screen. This includes: using a computer, watching TV, playing video games (Kaneshiro, 2015), the paper provides an overview of research results concerning the opportunities and threats arising from the use of new media, as well as recommendations for education on the need for media literacy among the younger generation (Szkudlarek, 1999; Tanaś, 2010, 2011).
Multimedia as an art therapy technique used in the treatment of mentally ill patients - opportunities and limitations
Authors: Patejuk-Mazurek Iwona , Chmielnicka-Plaskota Aleksandra , Treger Bronisław
Published: January 2017

The authors present the opportunities of using multimedia as an art therapy technique in the treatment of people suffering from mental disorders, whilst pointing out the limitations of this method. They classify patients into two groups: those with mental disorders and those manifesting mental symptoms, and present, in addition to the benefits - the risk of the use of multimedia. Individuals with mental disorders, especially psychotic patients (e.g. those with schizophrenia) may react differently to the proposed multimedia techniques compared with neurotic patients. The way they react depends mainly on the stage of the disease (acute or stable, remission of symptoms) and its nature. The use of multimedia may help schizophrenic patients recover, but it may also worsen their mental state. It may activate psychotic symptoms (e.g. delusions of thought insertion), trigger fear, anxiety and lead to the withdrawal from art therapy activities. For patients with neurotic disorders (anxiety disorders such as social phobia) multimedia can be a training of creative powers in rebuilding the ego, self-observation and a training to create a social network. There is little available research on the topic, so it is difficult to clearly assess the effectiveness of this technique in the process of recovery. However, the progress of civilization in the rehabilitation of mentally ill individuals enforces measures suitable to the times in which we live.
Japanese historical challenge of social inclusion: from the digitally restored household survey data on receiving social security in 1952
Authors: Aizawa Shinichi
Published: January 2017

This paper explores the historical challenge of social inclusion relying on the example of the Japanese social security system. The current public assistance system in Japan is grounded on the Public Assistance Act of 1951, which was originally constituted in 1946 and already declared equal treatment of all citizens. We will focus on a hidden aspect in this introductory period of the public assistance system, the actual situations of people who depend on it. We have digitally restored a survey data for households receiving public assistance. This data was collected in a Japanese prefecture in 1952.
The results of this survey indicate that differences in poverty by gender are remarkable. For male householders, the total number of events that caused the onset of public assistance, principally injured or diseases, in 1950 or 1951 was more than that of 1944 or 1945. On the other hand, for female householders, the events of 1944 or
1945 were related to the Second World War, principally the death of male breadwinners, which induced poverty. Moreover, we broke down recipients by gender, age, and household types and revealed, in particular, two facts. First, many widows were receiving public assistance, but not all had lost their spouses in the war. Second, the largest age cluster of recipients was composed of children in the compulsory education age group. The increasing inclusion of the ‘standard’ type of household indicates the success of the Public Assistance Act’s universalism. This digitally restored sample has much potential to provide detailed descriptions of life courses and information on the jobs of household members.
De-constructing the term “tribe/tribal” in India: a post-colonial reading
Authors: Digal Pratap
Published: January 2017

The British colonial administrator-ethnographers in India were pioneers who surveyed and carried out expeditions on tribes but often their methods were doubtful. Their survey reports and papers became the source of precious information about such province and at the same time a tool for their continuous development of colonial administration. However by using official machinery and tour for collecting data they bypassed the ethical consideration of research. Their writings in many ways ended up contorting tribes as being synonymous with being backward, uncivilized and barbarous. This study critically analyzes the notion of tribes in India as perceived and studied by anthropologists. It also interrogates the Ontology and Epistemic premises of their Knowledge Production on tribes in India. The paper concludes by discussing the various issues on tribal discourse in India.
Pukupuku arunachalensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae) from Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Gupta Devanshu , Chandra Kailash , Bezděk Aleš
Published: January 2017

A new species of the genus Pukupuku Muramoto, 2006 is described from the state of Arunachal Pradesh (Northeast India): Pukupuku arunachalensis sp. nov. Relevant diagnostic characters are illustrated and compared with closely related species, Pukupuku curtus (Arrow, 1919) and Pukupuku katsurai (Muramoto, 2002). The distribution of the new species is mapped.
Conhecimento tradicional e práticas agroecológicas como forma de resistência da ruralidade no Planalto Sul de Santa Catarina
Authors: Souza Patrine , Neto João Fert , Madruga Joseane , Fernandes Patricia , Werter Silvia Danieli
Published: January 2017

Este trabalho está focado no estudo de um grupo de mulheres agricultoras no município de Otacílio Costa/SC, caracterizadas pela reprodução da sua ruralidade num cenário onde predominam atividades de reflorestamento com Pinus sp. Este grupo tem as suas estratégias voltadas para práticas agroecológicas e a realização de feiras de venda direta.  Utilizou-se a abordagem teórica-metodológica de Pierre Bourdieu, através dos conceitos de habitus, capitais e de reprodução social. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se questionários semiestruturados, observação participante e impressões através de diálogos e acompanhamento de atividades. Observou-se uma condição de resistência decorrente de estratégias de recuperação de conhecimentos tradicionais, a partir de práticas culturais, numa perspectiva agroecológica. Essa resistência assume funcionalidade à manutenção da ruralidade, pois proporciona identidade sociocultural de agricultor agroecológico, acesso às políticas públicas e capital simbólico diante da comunidade.
O olhar dos agricultores familiares do município de Araponga-MG sobre sua organização social e produtiva: uma discussão pautada nas representações sociais
Authors: Miranda Edna Lopes , Fiúza Ana Louise de Carvalho , Doula Sheila Maria
Published: January 2017

Este estudo teve por objetivo compreender as possibilidades de organização coletiva dos agricultores familiares a partir das práticas rotineiras de sociabilidade. Analisou-se, de forma particular, o modo como os agricultores familiares da Zona da Mata Mineira desenvolviam as suas práticas coletivas de organização produtiva no cultivo do café. A pesquisa teve um caráter cross-sectional, com a realização pontual de doze (12) entrevistas aos agricultores familiares que moram na comunidade rural de São Joaquim, no munícipio de Araponga/MG. Os resultados mostraram que, na percepção dos agricultores, a organização produtiva tinha um significado de bem comum, de busca por melhorias das condições de vida e trabalho no campo que se baseia na “união”, “ajuda mútua” e “solidariedade”. Constatou-se claramente uma tendência cultural dos entrevistados a se reconhecerem enquanto “agricultores familiares” e também como participantes deste processo, já que suas representações sociais partem de um discurso no qual o pequeno agricultor é valorizado e reconhecido pela sua experiência. Por fim, as representações sociais dos agricultores sobre a sua organização produtiva têm também uma dimensão identitária construída a partir das relações estabelecidas com o território e com a cultura através dos valores, tradições, crenças e costumes.
Metadata Extraction and Management in Data Lakes With GEMMS
Authors: Quix Christoph , Hai Rihan , Vatov Ivan
Published: January 2017

In addition to volume and velocity, Big data is also characterized by its variety. Variety in structure and semantics requires new integration approaches which can resolve the integration challenges also for large volumes of data. Data lakes should reduce the upfront integration costs and provide a more flexible way for data integration and analysis, as source data is loaded in its original structure to the data lake repository. Some syntactic transformation might be applied to enable access to the data in one common repository; however, a deep semantic integration is done only after the initial loading of the data into the data lake. Thereby, data is easily made available and can be restructured, aggregated, and transformed as required by later applications. Metadata management is a crucial component in a data lake, as the source data needs to be described by metadata to capture its semantics. We developed a Generic and Extensible Metadata Management System for data lakes (called GEMMS) that aims at the automatic extraction of metadata from a wide variety of data sources. Furthermore, the metadata is managed in an extensible metamodel that distinguishes structural and semantical metadata. The use case applied for evaluation is from the life science domain where the data is often stored only in files which hinders data access and efficient querying. The GEMMS framework has been proven to be useful in this domain. Especially, the extensibility and flexibility of the framework are important, as data and metadata structures in scientific experiments cannot be defined a priori.
Atomic structures of fibrillar segments of hIAPP suggest tightly mated β-sheets are important for cytotoxicity
Authors: Krotee Pascal , Rodriguez Jose A , Sawaya Michael R , Cascio Duilio , Reyes Francis E , Shi Dan , Hattne Johan , Nannenga Brent L , Oskarsson Marie E , Philipp Stephan , Griner Sarah , Jiang Lin , Glabe Charles G , Westermark Gunilla T , Gonen Tamir , Eisenberg David S
Published: January 2017

hIAPP fibrils are associated with Type-II Diabetes, but the link of hIAPP structure to islet cell death remains elusive. Here we observe that hIAPP fibrils are cytotoxic to cultured pancreatic β-cells, leading us to determine the structure and cytotoxicity of protein segments composing the amyloid spine of hIAPP. Using the cryoEM method MicroED, we discover that one segment, 19–29 S20G, forms pairs of β-sheets mated by a dry interface that share structural features with and are similarly cytotoxic to full-length hIAPP fibrils. In contrast, a second segment, 15–25 WT, forms non-toxic labile β-sheets. These segments possess different structures and cytotoxic effects, however, both can seed full-length hIAPP, and cause hIAPP to take on the cytotoxic and structural features of that segment. These results suggest that protein segment structures represent polymorphs of their parent protein and that segment 19–29 S20G may serve as a model for the toxic spine of hIAPP.
Comparative analysis of the Rotarix™ vaccine strain and G1P[8] rotaviruses detected before and after vaccine introduction in Belgium
Authors: Zeller Mark , Heylen Elisabeth , Tamim Sana , McAllen John K. , Kirkness Ewen F. , Akopov Asmik , De Coster Sarah , Van Ranst Marc , Matthijnssens Jelle
Published: January 2017

G1P[8] rotaviruses are responsible for the majority of human rotavirus infections worldwide. The effect of universal mass vaccination with rotavirus vaccines on circulating G1P[8] rotaviruses is still poorly understood. Therefore we analyzed the complete genomes of the Rotarix™ vaccine strain, and 70 G1P[8] rotaviruses, detected between 1999 and 2010 in Belgium (36 before and 34 after vaccine introduction) to investigate the impact of rotavirus vaccine introduction on circulating G1P[8] strains. All rotaviruses possessed a complete Wa-like genotype constellation, but frequent intra-genogroup reassortments were observed as well as multiple different cluster constellations circulating in a single season. In addition, identical cluster constellations were found to circulate persistently over multiple seasons. The Rotarix™ vaccine strain possessed a unique cluster constellation that was not present in currently circulating G1P[8] strains. At the nucleotide level, the VP6, VP2 and NSP2 gene segments of Rotarix™ were relatively distantly related to any Belgian G1P[8] strain, but other gene segments of Rotarix™ were found in clusters also containing circulating Belgian strains. At the amino acid level, the genetic distance between Rotarix™ and circulating Belgian strains was considerably lower, except for NSP1. When we compared the Belgian G1P[8] strains collected before and after vaccine introduction a reduction in the proportion of strains that were found in the same cluster as the Rotarix™ vaccine strain was observed for most gene segments. The reduction in the proportion of strains belonging to the same cluster may be the result of the vaccine introduction, although natural fluctuations cannot be ruled out.
A simple rat model of mild traumatic brain injury: a device to reproduce anatomical and neurological changes of mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Kim Ho Jeong , Han Soo Jeong
Published: January 2017

Mild traumatic brain injury typically involves temporary impairment of neurological function. Previous studies used water pressure or rotational injury for designing the device to make a rat a mild traumatic brain injury model. The objective of this study was to make a simple model of causing mild traumatic brain injury in rats. The device consisted of a free-fall impactor that was targeted onto the rat skull. The weight (175 g) was freely dropped 30 cm to rat’s skull bregma. We installed a safety device made of acrylic panel. To confirm a mild traumatic brain injury in 36 Sprague-Dawley rats, we performed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain within 24 h after injury. We evaluated behavior and chemical changes in rats before and after mild traumatic brain injury. The brain MRI did not show high or low signal intensity in 34 rats. The mobility on grid floor was decreased after mild traumatic brain injury. The absolute number of foot-fault and foot-fault ratio were decreased after mild traumatic brain injury. However, the difference of the ratio was a less than absolute number of foot-fault. These results show that the device is capable of reproducing mild traumatic brain injury in rats. Our device can reduce the potential to cause brain hemorrhage and reflect the mechanism of real mild traumatic brain injury compared with existing methods and behaviors. This model can be useful in exploring physiology and management of mild traumatic brain injury.