bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DCC regulates astroglial development essential for telencephalic morphogenesis and corpus callosum formation
Authors: Morcom Laura , Gobius Ilan , Marsh Ashley PL , Suárez Rodrigo , Lim Jonathan WC , Bridges Caitlin , Ye Yunan , Fenlon Laura R , Zagar Yvrick , Douglass Amelia M , Donahoo Amber-Lee S , Fothergill Thomas , Shaikh Samreen , Kozulin Peter , Edwards Timothy J , Cooper Helen M ,   IRC5 Consortium, Sherr Elliott H , Chédotal Alain , Leventer Richard J , Lockhart Paul J , Richards Linda J
Published: April 2021

The forebrain hemispheres are predominantly separated during embryogenesis by the interhemispheric fissure (IHF). Radial astroglia remodel the IHF to form a continuous substrate between the hemispheres for midline crossing of the corpus callosum (CC) and hippocampal commissure (HC). Deleted in colorectal carcinoma (DCC) and netrin 1 (NTN1) are molecules that have an evolutionarily conserved function in commissural axon guidance. The CC and HC are absent in Dcc and Ntn1 knockout mice, while other commissures are only partially affected, suggesting an additional aetiology in forebrain commissure formation. Here, we find that these molecules play a critical role in regulating astroglial development and IHF remodelling during CC and HC formation. Human subjects with DCC mutations display disrupted IHF remodelling associated with CC and HC malformations. Thus, axon guidance molecules such as DCC and NTN1 first regulate the formation of a midline substrate for dorsal commissures prior to their role in regulating axonal growth and guidance across it.
Structure of HIV-1 gp41 with its membrane anchors targeted by neutralizing antibodies
Authors: Caillat Christophe , Guilligay Delphine , Torralba Johana , Friedrich Nikolas , Nieva Jose L , Trkola Alexandra , Chipot Christophe J , Dehez François L , Weissenhorn Winfried
Published: April 2021

The HIV-1 gp120/gp41 trimer undergoes a series of conformational changes in order to catalyze gp41-induced fusion of viral and cellular membranes. Here, we present the crystal structure of gp41 locked in a fusion intermediate state by an MPER-specific neutralizing antibody. The structure illustrates the conformational plasticity of the six membrane anchors arranged asymmetrically with the fusion peptides and the transmembrane regions pointing into different directions. Hinge regions located adjacent to the fusion peptide and the transmembrane region facilitate the conformational flexibility that allows high-affinity binding of broadly neutralizing anti-MPER antibodies. Molecular dynamics simulation of the MPER Ab-stabilized gp41 conformation reveals a possible transition pathway into the final post-fusion conformation with the central fusion peptides forming a hydrophobic core with flanking transmembrane regions. This suggests that MPER-specific broadly neutralizing antibodies can block final steps of refolding of the fusion peptide and the transmembrane region, which is required for completing membrane fusion.
Multiscale analysis of single and double maternal-zygotic Myh9 and Myh10 mutants during mouse preimplantation development
Authors: Schliffka Markus Frederik , Tortorelli Anna Francesca , Özgüç Özge , de Plater Ludmilla , Polzer Oliver , Pelzer Diane , Maître Jean-Léon
Published: April 2021

During the first days of mammalian development, the embryo forms the blastocyst, the structure responsible for implanting the mammalian embryo. Consisting of an epithelium enveloping the pluripotent inner cell mass and a fluid-filled lumen, the blastocyst results from a series of cleavage divisions, morphogenetic movements, and lineage specification. Recent studies have identified the essential role of actomyosin contractility in driving cytokinesis, morphogenesis, and fate specification, leading to the formation of the blastocyst. However, the preimplantation development of contractility mutants has not been characterized. Here, we generated single and double maternal-zygotic mutants of non-muscle myosin II heavy chains (NMHCs) to characterize them with multiscale imaging. We found that Myh9 (NMHC II-A) is the major NMHC during preimplantation development as its maternal-zygotic loss causes failed cytokinesis, increased duration of the cell cycle, weaker embryo compaction, and reduced differentiation, whereas Myh10 (NMHC II-B) maternal-zygotic loss is much less severe. Double maternal-zygotic mutants for Myh9 and Myh10 show a much stronger phenotype, failing most of the attempts of cytokinesis. We found that morphogenesis and fate specification are affected but nevertheless carry on in a timely fashion, regardless of the impact of the mutations on cell number. Strikingly, even when all cell divisions fail, the resulting single-celled embryo can initiate trophectoderm differentiation and lumen formation by accumulating fluid in increasingly large vacuoles. Therefore, contractility mutants reveal that fluid accumulation is a cell-autonomous process and that the preimplantation program carries on independently of successful cell division.
Designing and Learning by Technological Mediation
Authors: Pavel Nenad
Published: April 2021

In this article, an instrumental case study of a practical course in assistive technologies in cooperation between Norway and Brazil shows how patients, design students, and therapists participate in designing and learning. The study reveals how conception and reception of design play out through mediation processes between stakeholders and artifacts. The study was framed in light of Alain Findeli’s writings to challenge and inform current developments in design studio educational practices. To explain the solving of complex, ill-structured problems through design, Findeli proposed systems theory as a holistic philosophical perspective of the design process and design education. By asking what design is and how to teach it, I reiterate Findeli’s ideas on design and design education. This article emphasizes the ubiquitous effects of technology through relationalist ontology and postphenomenological perspectives.
Mycelial compatibility, anastomosis, and nucleus numbers of eight MexicanHirsutella citriformisstrains isolated fromDiaphorina citri
Authors: Pérez-González Orquídea , Gomez-Flores Ricardo , Tamez-Guerra Patricia
Published: April 2021

Background

Among entomopathogenic fungi,H. citriformishas been recognized as potential biocontrol agent against the Asian citrus psyllidDiaphorina citri(Hemiptera: Liviidae). Nevertheless, this fungus is poorly characterized. Previous molecular studies have shown high sequence similarities among strains, but significant differences inDiaphorina citrivirulence.

Objective

The aim of the present study was to determine mycelial compatibility and anastomosis, and nucleus numbers in mycelium and conidia of eightH. citriformisstrains isolated from mycosedD. citriadults collected from several Mexican states.

Methods

Mycelial compatibility and anastomosis evaluation was performed after pairing strains, leading to 36 confrontations, and cultured in chlorate minimum medium to obtain mutants for vegetative compatibility group.

Results

Hypha or conidia nuclei were visualized with safranin-O and 3% KOH, and 0.05% trypan blue–lactophenol solution.H. citriformisstrains showed compatibly and anastomosis events after confrontation. In addition, they showed one nucleus per conidium and mycelium section. It was not possible to obtainH. citriformis nitmutants from the chlorate concentrations tested.

Conclusions

To date, this is the first report demonstrating mycelial compatibility, anastomosis occurrence, and hyphae and conidia nuclei number amongH. citriformisstrains.
Price Dynamics of Domestic and International Wheat Markets: A Vector Error Correction Mechanism (VECM) Approach
Authors: Sabhaya A. G. , Upadhyay S. M. , Vekariya P. R. , Swaminathan B.
Published: April 2021

Market integration in agricultural commodities is vital for both developed and developing countries alike. If prices are not dreamily transmitted, then it may lead to biases in production and distribution. The strength of interdependence among markets and the speed in which the changes are passed through determine the degree of integration and the global efficiency of markets. This study examines the long-run and short-run integration of domestic and international wheat markets using Co-integration approach within the framework of Vector Error Correction Mechanism (VECM). A sample of two domestic wheat markets comprising two from the national wheat markets of Mathura (UP) and Khanna (Punjab) were selected along with two international wheat markets comprising from United States and Argentina. Analysis was carried out using the monthly price data between January 2003 and Dec 2019. Findings discovered that the prices became stationary merely upon first differencing. The presence of integration was confirmed among markets involving that there is price conduction.
Covid-19 and the Educational Sector: Challenges and the Need for Inclusive Education in Nigeria
Authors: Aimua Ehigocho Peace , Paul Joseph
Published: April 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has become a global concern not only due to the high mortality rate attributed to the diseases, but also its adverse effect on the education sector and the economy at large. This qualitative paper therefore, examines how Covid-19 influence the Education Sector and the need for Inclusive Education in Nigeria. This paper reviewed literature that studied the relationship between Covid-19 and Education mostly in Nigeria. The findings show that inclusive education which involves granting equal opportunities to quality education for all students regardless of any challenges or socioeconomic background is not widely practice in Nigeria. This is because most of the gains accruing from inclusive education are not evenly spread across households and communities in Nigeria. Some of these benefits include: inclusive society through quality education that promote sense of belonging; improve platform of learning that reduces educational gap due to varying abilities; promotes cultural respect and opportunities to develop friendship. Some of the challenges to inclusive education include poor funding of the education sector; poverty level among Nigerians; poor electricity power supply; inability of parents to support home learning and inadequate and qualified personnel. This paper recommends school authorities to prioritise transformation from tradition to e-learning methods and enforce staff training on Information and Communication Technology.
Massive Ameloblastoma and Reconstruction with Free Fibular Graft
Authors: Sintaningtyas Linda Jana , Purnomo Joko , Wiramur Affandi
Published: April 2021

Aims: To report a case of massive ameloblastoma in mandible with wide excision and reconstruction with free vascularized fibular graft and titanium plate.

Case Description: A 49- year-old male patient complained right facial mass since 5 years ago. Patient underwent right hemimandibulectomy with general anesthesia and pathologic examination revealed folliculare ameloblastoma. The large defect after resection reconstructed with free fibular graft. Fibula was osteotomised and resembled with mandible shape and reconstructed by plate with intact pedicle. Care was taken to protect the periosteal branch of the peroneal artery before performing an osteotomy. Shaping of the resected fibula was done according to the preoperative template. A titanium miniplate with locking screws was used to secure the osteotomized fibula and the mandible. To secure the airway, we performed tracheostomy. Followup after operation, patient still got a defect facial asymmetry in right mandible.

Discussion: Ameloblastoma is histologically benign but locally aggressive tumor originating from odontogenic epithelium. After hemimandibulectomy, reconstruction continued with microvascular free fibular graft and titanium plate. Osteotomies were performed with the pedicle still attached.

Conclusions: Free vascularized fibular graft with titanium plate is preferrably reconstruction option for large defect after wide excision of mandibular ameloblastoma.
Risk of Bleeding in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Bronchoscopy
Authors: Venkatram S. , Evertz D. Pena , Bajantri B. , Lara J. Perez , Diaz-Fuentes G.
Published: April 2021

Background: Complications rates from bronchoscopy are low, however chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered a risk factor for procedural bleeding. The aim of the study is to evaluate bleeding complications CKD patients undergoing bronchoscopy with either transbronchial (TBLB), endobronchial biopsies (EBBX), Endobronchial Ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) and/or brushings.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients with Chronic kidney disease who underwent bronchoscopy with biopsy, brushings and/or transbronchial needle aspiration from 2012 to 2019. Patients were grouped in 5 groups based on the National Kidney Foundation clinical guidelines. Bleeding was categorized as mild, moderate, and severe bleeding.

Results: 894 patients were identified; bleeding complications were seen in 103 (11.5%) patients. Mild bleeding in 51 (5.7%), moderate bleeding in 46 (5.1%) and severe bleeding in 6 (0.67%) cases. No association between CKD subgroups and bleeding complications. There were no differences in number of biopsies or passes done in CKD groups. 790 (88%) patients underwent TBLB followed by brushing in 329 (36.8%), EBBX in 300 (33.5%) and EBUS-TBNA in 290 (32.4%). Majority of bleeding complications occurred in patients undergoing TBLB. Patients with serum creatinine of 2 mg/dL or higher vs 3 mg/dL had no statistical difference for bleeding complication.

Conclusion: There is no correlation in bleeding complications in patients with CKD undergoing Bronchoscopic biopsies. Most of complications were mild or moderate and did not required major interventions; risk of severe bleeding remains low, in those patients.  There is no correlation between CKD stage or use of empirical serum creatinine cut off and risk of bleeding. Bronchoscopy remains a safe procedure in patients with CKD.
Factors Associated with Intra-hospital Mortality of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy Patients in Northcentral Nigeria
Authors: James Ayodele Ogunmodede , Manma Kolo Philip , Folashade Dele-Ojo Bolade , Jane Ogunmodede Adebusola , Abiola Yusuf Idris , Adeola Katibi Ibraheem , Babatunde Omotoso Ayodele
Published: April 2021

Aims:  We studied the patient characteristics, intra-hospital outcomes and factors associated with intra-hospital mortality in patients admitted for Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (PPCM) in our centre using data from the Ilorin Heart failure Registry.

Study design: Prospective Observational

Methodology: All the 22 confirmed PPCM patients admitted between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2019 were recruited and followed up for intra-hospital outcomes. The primary outcome was all-cause intra-hospital mortality.

Results: Intra-hospital death occurred in four out of 22 patients (18.2%). The mean age of all patients was 28.4 ± 4.8 years and it was similar in both survivors and patients who died (P=0.960). Majority of patients (14, 63.7%) presented in New York Heart Association Class IV. Mean duration of hospital stay was 11 + 5.7days which was similar between patients who died and those who survived hospital admission (9.0 ± 2.8 vs 11.4 ± 6.1, P=0.457). Median ECG heart rate was 120 (116-123) bpm which was similar between both groups. Factors associated with mortality were biochem ical parameters serum sodium and eGFR which were significantly lower among those who died (125.0 ± 4.1 vs 133.7 ± 2.5mmol/L, P=<0.001; 41.0 ± 18.8 vs 81.9 ± 11.03 mls/min/1.73m2, P<0.001) and the Ejection fraction (EF) and Fractional Shortening (FS) which were also significantly lower in the patients who died 24.0 ± 8.2% vs 37.9 ± 6.2%, P=0.002; 11.0 ± 4.3% vs 18.4 ± 3.8, P=0.003 respectively. Other echocardiographic parameters were similar between the two groups of patients.  A Kaplan-Meier survival curve was drawn to show the time to outcome.

Conclusion: Majority of PPCM patients present in clinically severe heart failure and the intra-hospital mortality is high. The importance of serum sodium, eGFR, EF and FS as factors associated with mortality indicates patient sub-groups requiring greater attention and targeted interventions.
Evaluation of the Results of Internal Fixation of Olecranon Fracture: Comparative Study between Olecranon Plate and Screws Versus Tension Band and K Wires
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed Mahmoud , Elgebaly Osama , Samy Ahmed , Lashin Mamdouh
Published: April 2021

Background: Olecranon fractures constitute a large proportion of injuries about the elbow. Several fracture patterns are recognized, with each pattern lending itself to a different treatment modality ranging from conservative treatment to fixation by different methods like tension band wiring, olecranon plate, intramedullary screw with or without tension band, and single Rush pin fixation. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the result of fixation of olecranon fracture tension band with K-wire and posterior olecranon special non locked plate fixation.

Materials and Methods: This study included 30 patients, prospectively of simple olecranon fracture. Patients were randomly classified into two equal groups; group I was managed by tension band and K wires, while group I was managed by special non locked olecranon plate and screws.

Results: No significant differences were found between both groups in DASH score, range of motion, improvement rate, radiological outcomes and return to previous activities.

Conclusion: There were no significant differences between the two-fixation method regarding to DASH, ROM, radiological outcomes, and return to previous activity but rate of hardware removal was higher in tension band and K wires than posterior olecranon special non locked plate fixation.
A Supervisory Model for Emerging PhDs in Basic Medical Sciences on the African Continent: A Perspective
Authors: Owolabi Joshua Oladele
Published: April 2021

Aim/Purpose: This article- a perspective, is an attempt to critically review the African scenario with respect to doctoral supervision for Basic Medical Sciences and proffer potential solutions in the form of a supervisory model.

Background: There is a need to develop supervisory models for emerging PhDs in Basic Medical Sciences [BMS] in Africa. There has been continuous evolutions and rapid advancements as further compounded by continuous sophistication in research tools, methods, and technologies. These have resulted in newer fields emerging from the traditional fields. A major fallout of this is a shortage or rather unavailability of supervisors to train younger scientists in these new fields. The available supervisors were mostly trained in a more traditional fields or in the context of the relatively traditional paradigm of scholarship. Thus, Africa currently, suffers from a lack of supervisory capacity to train younger scientists in the emerging fields of Basic Medical Sciences.

Methodology: This article is a perspective that included a narrative review of literature, critical appraisal of the current prevalent scenario, and proposition of a supervisory model. Relevant literature sources were considered. Effort was made to provide a practical supervisory model that might guide African doctoral schools to train doctoral candidates in emerging fields, leveraging on available resources while making strategic adaptions. It is important to note that this should be done in an evidence-based manner, hence standard practices were reviewed and considered.

Contribution: There is currently a paucity of data and information on doctoral scholarship and supervision in Africa. There is a need to conduct research on relevant subjects to provide further insight into the prevalent scenarios, the root cause of the problems and postulate potential solutions to the problems. This article presents a model that might employ effective, innovative, and practical approaches to address the current situation. Otherwise, lack of adequate supervisory capacity could contribute perpetually to impeding adequate advancements in BMS in Africa, through scholarship, particularly in line with global trends and current realities. The article proposes a collaborative model for supervising emerging and novel PhDs.
Growth and Yield Characteristics of Five Different Sweet Potato Varieties Grown in the Guinea Savanna Ecological Zone of Ghana
Authors: Ayimbire Abonuusum , Asumboya Gabriel , Atinga Christina Abi , Akazotiyele Richard , Marcellinus Bodieu
Published: April 2021

Aim: To determine the growth characteristics of five sweet potato varieties on different soil types as well as how they each relates to tuber yield. This investigation will help guide farmers from resource-limited areas to select varieties that grow well in austere soils to produce good yield of tubers, thereby boosting global food security. 

Study Design: Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five treatments and three replications.

Place and Duration of Study: Experimental field of Bolgatanga Technical University for five months.

Methodology: Planting was done by inserting 10 cm length of each 30 cm long soft wood vine cutting into the soil, followed by watering. Five vine cuttings planted per ridge at a spacing of 60cm. Vine cuttings were transplanted in the same order on each ridge. There were 15 plants per treatment, so seventy-five (75) for the five treatments.

Results: Analysis of the soil showed sandy loamy soil with suitable pH of 6.05. The Orange flesh and Agric white varieties had the largest and smallest leaf areas of 177.76 cm2 and 110.74 cm2 respectively. Leaf area was positively correlated with root tuber mass in only the Red local variety (r = 0.026). Petiole length of the Orange flesh variety (19.08 cm) was significantly longer than that of the Agric white (13.55 cm, p = 0.02), Agric orange flesh (13.85 cm, p = 0.04), Red skin (11.84 cm, p = 0.00) and Red local (12.18 cm, p = 0.00) varieties. Petiole length was positively correlated with tuber yield in only the Orange flesh variety (r = 204). The Red skin (174.28 cm) and Red local (172.46 cm) varieties had the longest vines than all the rest, though not statistically significant (p = 0.241). Root tuber yield of the five varieties were Agric white (1.22 Kg), Agric orange flesh (1.40 Kg), Red skin (4.27 Kg), Red local (2.96 Kg) and Orange flesh (5.72 Kg), which were significantly different from each other (p=0.05).  

Conclusion: The Orange flesh variety had the largest leaf area, longest petioles and the highest root tuber mass. On the other hand, the Agric white variety recorded the least Leaf area, Vine length and Tuber mass while the Red skin variety had the shortest Petioles.
Isolation, Identification, Speciation and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Klebsiella Species among Various Clinical Samples at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Sathyavathy K. , Madhusudhan B. Kiran
Published: April 2021

To isolate, identify and speciate Klebsiella from various clinical samples and their Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern at tertiary care hospital, Chennai. Out of this 76 ESBL producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, 64(84%) were positive by Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST), 71(93%) by phenotypic confirmatory disc diffusion test (PCDDT) and 69(90.7%) by Etest strip method. Sensitivity was found to be maximum (93%) by PCDDT method, compared to other phenotypic methods such as DDST and Etest strip method. The Present study also highlights the need for the continued monitoring of Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of important bacterial pathogens, so that rational antibiotic policies can be formulated.
Azithromycin Pulse Therapy with Oral Doxycycline in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris, a Randomized Group Study
Authors: Sadhana C. , Muthiah N. S.
Published: April 2021

Acne vulgaris is a common dermatological problem. The choice of proper treatment is determined by the severity and extent of acne. Moderate to severe acne vulgaris cases respond well to systemic antibiotics. Antibiotics execute their anti-propionic bacterium effect by inhibiting the bacterial growth and colonization of pilosebaceous glands and thus further inflammation is prevented. The efficacy and possible side effects of various oral antibiotics has been the subject of numerous studies for at least the last twenty years in an effort to understand, which products are likely to produce better efficacy with least possible side effects. The new emerging problem is antibiotics resistance to propionic bacterium. There has been a constant increase in search of safe medications to overcome the side effects and resistance of existing formulations for the treatment of acne vulgaris. The study duration was 8 weeks. A total of 200 study participants of both sexes with complaints of acne vulgaris were included in the study and randomized into two groups. Group I (100 study subjects) – 500 mg Azithromycin once daily for three consecutive days in a week for 2 months and Group II (100 study subjects) –100 mg Doxycycline once daily for 2 months. After doing initial laboratory tests treatment was initiated. Three scheduled visits – Baseline, at the end 4th week and at the end of study were done and the response to treatment was evaluated. The efficacy of the drugs was assessed by the change in grading of acne from baseline and at follow up visits. Doxycycline was found to be better than azithromycin pulse therapy in reducing acne severity. During the visits gastrointestinal, dermatological and other side effects were also noted and recorded. Adverse event profile of both the drugs showed that there was no non- compliance incidence due to adverse event. But the number of adverse events was higher in doxycycline group.
Phytochemical Profiling and Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Vitex negundo
Authors: Umamaheswari Govindarajan , Selvam Kuppusamy , Prakash Palanisamy
Published: April 2021

Natural products from plants, animals and minerals are the basis for treating human diseases. The present investigation explains that the antioxidant potential of aqueous extract of vitex negundo leaves.  Phytochemical constituents, total phenolic and flavanoid content of aqueous analysis and   vitro methods such as 1,1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays and GC_MS studies are reported.  In addition, TPC and TFC of the extract were evaluated. It was observed that the leaf extract total phenol (14.3 mg) and flavanoids (8.5 mg) Quercetin equivalent (Q/g)  high level of Phenolic and flavonoid content that might have accounted for the strong activity observed ABTS 62% of inhibition  µg/ mL almost equivalent to that of standard vitamin C  and DPPH value of 66.32 µg/ mL almost equivalent to that of standard vitamin C  results revealed that leaves of vitex negundo have  Since this investigation is a preliminary study, a detailed study of the antioxidant mechanisms of specific phenol components is an absolute necessity. Many phytochemical constituents which may be responsible for many pharmacological activities.
Palliative care to patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: experiences of physiotherapists in a hospital setting / Cuidados paliativos ao paciente com esclerose lateral amiotrófica: vivência de fisioterapeutas no âmbito hospitalar
Authors: Dias de Carvalho Costa Thaísa , Marques Pereira de Melo Alves Adriana , De Oliveira Costa Emilie , Maria Carneiro Acioly Cizone , Serpa de Souza Batista Patrícia
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Investigar a vivência de fisioterapeutas na atenção a pacientes com esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA) sob cuidados paliativos no âmbito hospitalar. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com fisioterapeutas das enfermarias clínica médica e cirúrgica de um hospital público do município de João Pessoa-Paraíba-Brasil, mediante entrevista semiestruturada e material empírico submetido à técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Foram entrevistados oito fisioterapeutas e, da análise dos dados, emergiram quatro categorias temáticas: I- Compreensão dos cuidados paliativos; II- Estratégias dos fisioterapeutas na promoção dos cuidados paliativos a esses pacientes; III- Interação dos fisioterapeutas com a equipe multiprofissional promovendo os cuidados paliativos na ELA; IV- Vivência dos fisioterapeutas ao assistir esses pacientes. Conclusão: Os fisioterapeutas discorreram seus argumentos com base em sua vivência profissional, destacando-se a necessidade de maiores discussões e aprofundamentos sobre a temática entre esses profissionais para articular a teoria e a prática.
Assistance in urgency and emergency/obstetric emergency care: an integrative literature review / Assistência em urgência e emergência/pronto socorro obstétrico: revisão integrativa
Authors: Franco Yasmim Duque , Karino Marcia Eiko , Scholze Alessandro Rolim , Galdino Maria José Quina , Martins Júlia Trevisan
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: identificar o perfil das gestantes que buscam atendimento em unidades de pronto socorro a partir das evidências encontradas na literatura. Método: Revisão integrativa, com busca de artigos em bases de dados na área da saúde, no período de janeiro de 2007 a dezembro de 2016, nas bases Indice Bibliográfico Español de Ciencias de la Salud, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online. Resultados: Dos 3.964 artigos selecionados por meio das bases de dados, 22 pesquisas estavam elegíveis para a leitura na íntegra, destes apenas 4 artigos estavam de acordo com a questão norteadora do estudo. Quanto aos artigos incluídos dois eram de língua portuguesa e um inglesa e espanhola e todos dos últimos 3 anos. Conclusão: a clientela que busca atendimento obstétrico precisa ser mais informada na atenção básica por ocasião do pré-natal sobre os sinais e sintomas que caracterizam emergência e urgência, pois a grande a maioria das gestantes procuraram os serviços de prontos socorros desnecessariamente.
Medications for AUD: An update
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: April 2021

With so much focus on medications to treat opioid use disorder, sometimes the fact that medications exist to treat alcohol use disorder (AUD) is ignored. Three medications have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of AUD, with others showing promise.
FDA warns of harms from misuse and abuse of inhalant
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: April 2021

The over‐the‐counter (OTC) nasal decongestant propylhexedrine, safe and effective when used as directed, can cause serious harm when misused or abused, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warned in April. These harms include heart and mental health problems. Specific complications include fast or abnormal heart rhythm, high blood pressure and paranoia, which can all lead to hospitalization, disability or death, the FDA warned.
Stretchable Mesh‐Patterned Organic Semiconducting Thin Films on Creased Elastomeric Substrates
Authors: Kim Seong Won , Park Sangsik , Lee Siyoung , Kim Daegun , Lee Giwon , Son Jonghyun , Cho Kilwon
Published: April 2021

Recently, many researchers have tried to develop stretchable semiconducting thin films that can maintain their electrical performance under stretching. However, the fabrication processes have not been sufficiently practical and feasible to be used for soft electronics. Here, a stretchable high‐performance organic semiconducting thin film is fabricated by exploiting simultaneous patterning and pinning of a polymer semiconductor solution on an elastomeric substrate in which creasing‐instability has occurred. As a result, a mesh‐like polymer semiconducting thin film having vacant regions in the crease centers and surrounding crystalline regions near them can be fabricated. Due to the mesh‐like morphology and the percolated crystalline regions, the polymer semiconducting thin film shows superior stretchability and charge‐transport performance compared to the reference flat polymer thin film. When incorporated into organic thin‐film transistors, the DPP‐DTT polymer semiconducting thin film maintains its high field‐effect carrier mobility (0.53 ± 0.03 cm2 (V s)−1) under a strain ε of 80% and is highly stable under repeated stretching cycles at an ε of 50%.
High Yield Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide from Water Using Electrospun CaSnO3@Carbon Fiber Membrane Catalysts with Abundant Oxygen Vacancy
Authors: Zhang Chaoqi , Lu Ruihu , Liu Chao , Yuan Ling , Wang Jing , Zhao Yan , Yu Chengzhong
Published: April 2021

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production by electrochemical two‐electron water oxidation reaction (2e‐WOR) is a promising approach, where high‐performance electrocatalysts play critical roles. Here, the synthesis of nanostructured CaSnO3 confined in conductive carbon fiber membrane with abundant oxygen vacancy (OV) as a new generation of 2e‐WOR electrocatalyst is reported. The CaSnO3@carbon fiber membrane can be directly used as a self‐standing electrode, exhibiting a record‐high H2O2 production rate of 39.8 µmol cm−2 min−1 and a selectivity of ≈90% (at 2.9 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode). The CaSnO3@carbon fiber membrane design improves not only the electrical conductivity and stability of catalysts but also the inherent activity of CaSnO3. Density functional theory calculation further indicates the crucial role of OV in increasing the adsorption free energy toward oxygen intermediates associated with the competitive four‐electron water oxidation reaction pathway, thus enhancing the activity and selectivity of 2e‐WOR. The findings pave a new avenue to the rational design of electrocatalysts for H2O2 production from water.
Bipyridine Modified Conjugated Carbon Aerogels as a Platform for the Electrocatalysis of Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Peles‐Strahl Leigh , Zion Noam , Lori Oran , Levy Naomi , Bar Galit , Dahan Adi , Elbaz Lior
Published: April 2021

Aerogels offer a great platform for heterogeneous electrocatalysis owing to their high surface area and porosity. Atomically dispersed transition metal ions can be imbedded in these platforms at ultra‐high site density to make them catalytically active for various reactions. Herein, the synthesis of a new class of conjugated microporous organic aerogels that are used as covalent 3D frameworks for the electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is reported. Modified aerogels functionalized with bipyridine ligands enable copper ion complexation in a single‐step synthesis. The aerogels’ structures are fully characterized using a wide array of spectroscopic and microscopic methods, and heat‐treated in order to make them electronically conductive. After heat treatment at 600 °C, the aerogels maintained their macrostructure and became active ORR catalysts in alkaline environment, showing high mass activity and ultra‐high site density.
Synthesis of 0D Manganese‐Based Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite and Its Application in Lead‐Free Red Light‐Emitting Diode
Authors: Yan Siyu , Tian Wanli , Chen Hua , Tang Kaixin , Lin Tingting , Zhong Gaoyu , Qiu Longzhen , Pan Xiaoyong , Wang Weizhi
Published: April 2021

Lead‐based perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have exhibited excellent purity, high efficiency, and good brightness. In order to develop nontoxic, highly luminescent metal halide perovskite materials, tin, copper, germanium, zinc, bismuth, and other lead‐free perovskites have been developed. Here, a novel 0D manganese‐based (Mn‐based) organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite with the red emission located at 629 nm, high photoluminescence quantum yield of 80%, and millisecond level triplet lifetime is reported. When applied as the emissive layer in the PeLEDs, the maximum recording brightness of devices after optimization is 4700 cd m−2, and the peak external quantum efficiency is 9.8%. The half‐life of the device reaches 5.5 h at 5 V. The performance and stability of Mn‐based PeLEDs are one order of magnitude higher than those of other lead‐free PeLEDs. This work clearly shows that the Mn‐based perovskite will provide another route to fabricate stable and high‐performance lead‐free PeLEDs.
A Decade of Progress on Solid‐State Electrolytes for Secondary Batteries: Advances and Contributions
Authors: Sheng Ouwei , Jin Chengbin , Ding Xufen , Liu Tiefeng , Wan Yuehua , Liu Yujing , Nai Jianwei , Wang Yao , Liu Chuntai , Tao Xinyong
Published: April 2021

Compared with conventional liquid batteries, all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) show great promise for enabling higher safety in electric vehicles without compromising operational durability and range. As a key component of ASSBs, solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) need high ionic conductivity and favorable interfacial compatibility between electrodes and SSEs. In the recent decade, numerous efforts have been devoted to SSE advancement and fruitful achievements have been made, particularly regarding metal anode‐oriented SSEs with high energy density. This review focuses on the historical process of SSEs employed in ASSBs. The new understanding and origins for the enhanced ionic conductivity and mechanical properties of SSEs are first summarized. As to the cathode/SSE interface, its decomposition mechanism and modification strategies are analyzed. As to the interfacial issues of SSEs with anodes, the mechanisms of dendrite formation and penetration into the SSEs are discussed in detail. Additionally, assisted by a library of big data sources, contributions are systematically highlighted from different countries, institutions, and corresponding authors to significantly advance SSE progress, and certain insights are provided into the underlying relationships between various items in a collective manner. Finally, current challenges and potential strategies are identified for the future development of SSEs in ASSBs.
High‐Q and Tailorable Fano Resonances in a One‐Dimensional Metal‐Optical Tamm State Structure: From a Narrowband Perfect Absorber to a Narrowband Perfect Reflector
Authors: Wang Zhiyu , Ho Ya‐Lun , Cao Tun , Yatsui Takashi , Delaunay Jean‐Jacques
Published: April 2021

Fano resonances giving rise to a rich variety of asymmetric spectral shapes have been investigated in optical nanostructures with multidimensional configurations. However, 1D nanostructure realizing Fano resonances with well‐controlled spectral shapes are yet to be demonstrated. Here, the authors present both numerically and experimentally a 1D nanostructure exhibiting rich Fano resonances induced by interference between a lossy background (continuum) provided by a metal thin film and a discrete optical Tamm state (OTS). A drastic change in the Fano line shape occurs from a narrowband perfect absorber into a narrowband perfect reflector by controlling the metal thin film. Independent from the metal‐related Fano profile, the OTS component determines the resonance frequency and guarantees a sharp resonance (with quality factors over 1000) on the flat mirror background. Taking advantage of its high‐Q property, the structure can be developed into a dispersion device with subnanometer spectral resolution, which even enables a direct imaging of spectral information of molecular fingerprint. The authors believe that this work not only demonstrates a planar nanostructure with versatile Fano resonances for various applications but also provides physical insights into how a metal thin film can induce and significantly affect the Fano resonances in 1D optical resonators.
Cellulose: A Contribution for the Zero e‐Waste Challenge
Authors: Nandy Suman , Goswami Sumita , Marques Ana , Gaspar Diana , Grey Paul , Cunha Inês , Nunes Daniela , Pimentel Ana , Igreja Rui , Barquinha Pedro , Pereira Luís , Fortunato Elvira , Martins Rodrigo
Published: April 2021

The world in the 21st century is confronted with multifaceted challenges against rapid climate change and continuous ecological disturbances caused by revolutionary socio‐economic developments, accelerated expansion of disposable electronic gadgets, and growing dependence on unrecyclable raw materials, among others. The ever‐increasing consumer demand for electronic devices is significantly contributing to the world's fastest‐growing waste stream, known as electronic waste (e‐waste), which is becoming an environmental threat at an alarming rate due to its toxic legacy. The ever‐shortening lifespan of smart technologies has created a “tsunami of e‐waste,” as the United Nations has characterized it, with 50 million tons accumulated each year, of which only 20% undergo formal e‐recycling. Therefore, the challenge of optimizing the current resources management models with an aim of improving the manufacturing processes and lifecycles of electronic devices, as well as building a circular economy, has become significantly prominent. Paper/cellulose, which covers a wide range of essential needs in everyday scenarios (from packaging to writing utilities), constitutes promising candidates for the effective achievement of a circular economy. Particularly, cellulose is revealed as an advantageous material for electronic applications because of its abundant availability, which contributes to its cost‐effectiveness, straightforward fabrication process, and high recyclability and reproducibility.
Tailoring Circular Dichroism for Simultaneous Control of Amplitude and Phase via Ohmic Dissipation Metasurface
Authors: Wang He , Jing Yao , Li Yongfeng , Huang Lingling , Feng Maochang , Yuan Qi , Bai Hui , Wang Jiafu , Zhang Jieqiu , Qu Shaobo
Published: April 2021

Circular dichroism, as one of the exotic phenomena, derives from chirality biomolecules in nature, expressing differential absorption of spin angular momentum. The concept of dichroism has been migrated to the field of artificial materials and acquired adequate development. However, there is still a lack of a flexible strategy to tailor circular dichroism for providing another promising level to achieve spin‐selective multi‐dimensional manipulation of electromagnetic waves. In this work, a paradigm of reflective chiral metasurface is proposed to promote this aspect of exploration. By introducing loss resistors into the chiral meta‐atoms, the magnitude of differential absorption effect can be tailored by varying the corresponding resistance, leading to the variation of co‐polarization reflection amplitude. Combining with the Pancharatnam–Berry phases of chiral meta‐atom, both the reflective amplitude and phase are flexibly controlled in independent manners. Accordingly, the pattern of reflection fields can be theoretically shaped into arbitrary forms through Fourier transform in spatial domain. Here, metasurfaces for achieving rectangular‐shaped beam and complex‐amplitude hologram are demonstrated as two proofs‐of‐principle. Encouragingly, this effort provides an alternative approach for simultaneous control of amplitude and phase, which may pave a new route in the fields of beam‐forming technology and spin‐selective integrated systems.
Polarization‐Modulated Photovoltaic Effect at the Morphotropic Phase Boundary in Ferroelectric Ceramics
Authors: Wu Liyan , Burger Aaron M. , Bennett‐Jackson Andrew L. , Spanier Jonathan E. , Davies Peter K.
Published: April 2021

Ferroelectric materials, which exhibit switchable polarization, are potential candidates for photovoltaic applications owing to their intriguing charge carrier separation mechanism associated with polarization and breaking of inversion symmetry. To overcome the low photocurrent of ferroelectrics, extensive efforts have focused on reducing their bandgaps to increase the optical absorption of the solar spectrum and thus the power conversion efficiency. Here, a new avenue of enhancing photovoltaic performance via engineering the polarization across a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) is reported. Tetragonal compositions in the vicinity of the MPB in a PbTiO3‐Bi(Ni1/2Ti1/2)O3 solid solution are shown to generate up to 3.6 kV cm−1 photoinduced electric field and 6.2 µA cm−2 short‐circuit photocurrent, multiple times higher than its pseudocubic counterpart under the same illumination conditions with excellent polarization retention. This enhancement allows the investigation of the correlation between the polarization switching and photovoltaic switching, which enables a controllable multistate photocurrent. Combined with a bandgap of 2.2 eV, this material exhibits a sizable photoresponse over a broad spectral range. These findings provide a new approach to improve the photovoltaic performance of ferroelectric materials and can expand their potential applications in optoelectronic devices.
Balancing Charge Extraction for Efficient Back‐Contact Perovskite Solar Cells by Using an Embedded Mesoscopic Architecture
Authors: Lin Xiongfeng , Lu Jianfeng , Raga Sonia. R. , McMeekin David P. , Ou Qingdong , Scully Andrew D. , Tan Boer , Chesman Anthony S. R. , Deng Siqi , Zhao Boya , Cheng Yi‐Bing , Bach Udo
Published: April 2021

As the performance of organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells approaches their practical limits, the use of back‐contact architectures, which eliminate parasitic light absorption, provides an effective route toward higher device efficiencies. However, a poor understanding of the underlying device physics has limited further performance improvements. Here a mesoporous charge‐transporting layer is introduced into quasi‐interdigitated back‐contact perovskite devices and the charge extraction behavior with an increased interfacial contact area is studied. The results show that the incorporation of a thin mesoporous titanium dioxide layer significantly shortens the charge‐transfer lifetime and results in more efficient and balanced charge extraction dynamics. A high short‐circuit current density of 21.3 mA cm–2 is achieved using a polycrystalline perovskite layer on a mesoscopic quasi‐interdigitated back‐contact electrode, a record for this type of device architecture.
Structural and quantitative evolution of organic matters in oil shale during two different retorting processes
Authors: Wang Dan , Liu Yunyi , Zhang Tao , Christopher Daniel Happy , Bature Nafiu Sadi , Fan Tianbo , Guo Hongfan
Published: April 2021

In this study, traditional strongly endothermic anaerobic retorting (AR) and relatively novel self‐heating retorting (SHR) processes for oil shale (OS) were investigated and compared in detail. These studies mainly involve the structural and quantitative evolution of organic matters in OS during retorting, including varieties of crystallite parameters, carbon framework structure, amounts of various structural carbons and toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and so on. The obtained results well elucidate some reaction pathways in AR and SHR as well as certain differences between the two retorting processes. Moreover, based on our former work that verifies SHR greatly simplifies retorting operation by in situ generating heat to replace external heat carrier/provision, this study further demonstrates that SHR also alleviates the environmental effect of organic toxic residues as compared to AR. The present study provides some critical results not only for penetrating the reaction mechanism but also for assessing or controlling the environmental impact of both retorting processes.