bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
À bout de souffle
Authors: Fotiade Ramona
Published: November 2019

One of the most charismatic feature films of the New Wave, À Bout de Souffle (1960) has retained much of its appeal not only as the emphatic statement of a generational break with tradition, but also as Godard's earliest rendition of a set of thematic and stylistic motifs that would become his trademark. Sustained critical attention over almost fifty years has made this a cult film, propelled in part by the memorable coupling of its lead actors, Jean-Paul Belmondo and Jean Seberg, whose story on screen seemed to portray the troubled love affair between French cinema and Hollywood. In this original guide to the film, Ramona Fotiade provides an in-depth analysis of its production and reception contexts, as well as of salient aspects mise-en-scene and editing. She situates À Bout de Souffle in relation to Godard's filmography and critical writings up to 1960, focusing on the elaboration of a narrative and visual discourse that has come to be identified with a distinctive strand in postmodern French cinema.

She also explores the impact of Godard's early counter-narrative and visual strategies on the independent American filmmakers and the French Cinema du Look during the 1980s and 1990s.
Ukrainian Cinema
Authors: First Joshua
Published: November 2019

Ukrainian Cinema: Belonging and Identity during the Soviet Thaw is the first concentrated study of Ukrainian cinema in English. In particular, historian Joshua First explores the politics and aesthetics of Ukrainian Poetic Cinema during the Soviet 1960s-70s. He argues that film-makers working at the Alexander Dovzhenko Feature Film Studio in Kiev were obsessed with questions of identity and demanded that the Soviet film industry and audiences alike recognize Ukrainian cultural difference. The first two chapters provide the background on how Soviet cinema since Stalin cultivated an exoticised and domesticated image of Ukrainians, along with how the film studio in Kiev attempted to rebuild its reputation during the early Sixties as a centre of the cultural thaw in the USSR. The next two chapters examine Sergei Paradjanov's highly influential Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors (1965) and its role in reorienting the Dovzhenko studio toward the auteurist (some would say elitist) agenda of Poetic Cinema.

In the final three chapters, Ukrainian Cinema looks at the major works of film-makers Yurii Illienko, Leonid Osyka, and Leonid Bykov, among others, who attempted (and were compelled) to bridge the growing gap between a cinema of auteurs and concerns to generate profit for the Soviet film industry.
Radical Frontiers in the Spaghetti Western
Authors: Fisher Austin
Published: November 2019

Though 1960s European cinema frequently reflected the shifting ideological tides which now characterise the era in the popular imagination, the complex and extensive relationship of the Italian – or ‘Spaghetti’ – Western to these political ferments has gone almost entirely unnoticed. Radical Frontiers in the Spaghetti Western fills this gap as the first in-depth analysis of militant political trends in the Italian Western. Providing a detailed, historically-grounded examination of the films of Damiano Damiani, Sergio Sollima and Sergio Corbucci, Austin Fisher reveals how and why these filmmakers responded to international and national events by inscribing Italian Far Left revolutionary doctrine, and a legitimacy of violence, into the genre. Offering fresh perspectives across the Western genre while recasting the Spaghetti’s influential position in exploitation cinema, Fisher brings the genre more firmly into the tradition of European political filmmaking.
Crime Watching
Authors: Jermyn Deborah
Published: November 2019

In recent years, reality TV formats have proliferated on television. One of the most significant and controversial strands within this has been the growth of 'real crime TV'. Encapsulating everything from crime appeal shows to reconstruction programmes and actuality footage shows, real crime TV now plays a major role in our television schedules, filling countless hours of air-time every week. "Crime Watching" examines the spectacular growth of real crime TV. Of these programmes, the BBC's "Crimewatch UK" is Britain's best known (in small part due to the tragedy of presenter Jill Dando's death). The book argues that the birth of the BBC's "Crimewatch UK" in 1984 was a key transitional moment in the emergence, expansion and subsequent popularity of these programmes both in the UK and internationally. Looking closely at the social and political context of the period in which "Crimewatch UK" first appeared and examining the aesthetics, address and appeal of a range of other shows appearing in its wake, including "Police Camera Action!", "America's Most Wanted" and "World's Wildest Police Videos", this book investigates the conditions that have enabled and advanced the ubiquity of real crime programming on contemporary television and the anxieties that surround it. Examining critiques that real crime TV has increased fear of crime while legitimising a surveillance culture, and that it serves to stifle debate about criminality and policing, "Crime Watching" also reflects on the pleasures of these programmes and the enduring nature of our culture's seemingly endless fascination with real crime stories.
Channel 4
Authors: Hobson Dorothy
Published: November 2019

In November 2007, Channel 4 will be twenty-five years old. Today, such TV events as the ‘Big Brother/Jade Goody Affair’ have put the channel itself at the centre of public debate. Yet during its foundation years on British screens, Channel 4 was seen as more controversial and dangerous than this. Published for Channel 4’s 25th anniversary, this book explores the channel’s most important foundation period, under its inspirational first Chief Executive, Jeremy Isaacs. Charged by Parliament to be innovative, experimental, and educational, the new channel had to attract audiences and make a space for new voices. Did it fulfill its brief? It also assesses the legacy of the channel and asks: has it changed the nature of British television, and has the enfant terrible grown up, or is it still a youthful rebel? Dorothy Hobson had unique access to Channel 4 and the team involved in developing it, the ITV companies and fledgling independent producers over its foundation years.

Accessibly written, her book uses the words and stories of those involved, and vividly reviews the new channel’s successes, problems, adversities, as well as audiences’ and press responses to television’s new baby and its programmes.
The Battleship Potemkin
Authors: Taylor Richard
Published: November 2019

The KINO Russian Cinema series has been expanding to provide students and general readers with readable, companion handbooks to important and interesting films of Russian cinema from its beginnings to the late 1990s. This volume investigates the production, context and reception of the film Battleship Potemkin, the people who made it, and the film itself, including its place in Russian and World cinema.
A Century of South African Theatre
Authors: Kruger Loren
Published: November 2019

“Theatre is not part of our vocabulary”: Sipho Sepamla’s provocation in 1981, the year of famous anti-apartheid play Woza Albert!, prompts the response, yes indeed, it is. A Century of South African Theatre demonstrates the impact of theatre and other performances–pageants, concerts, sketches, workshops, and performance art–over the last hundred years. Its coverage includes African responses to pro-British pageants celebrating white Union in 1910, such as the Emancipation Centenary of the abolition of British colonial slavery in 1934 organized by Griffiths Motsieloa and HIE Dhlomo, through anti-apartheid testimonial theatre by Athol Fugard, Maishe Maponya, Gcina Mhlophe, and many others, right up to the present dramatization of state capture, inequality and state violence in today’s unevenly democratic society, where government has promised much but delivered little.

Building on Loren Kruger’s personal observations of forty years as well as her published research, A Century of South African Theatre provides theoretical coordinates from institution to public sphere to syncretism in performance in order to highlight South Africa’s changing engagement with the world from the days of Empire, through the apartheid era to the multi-lateral and multi-lingual networks of the 21st century. The final chapters use the Constitution’s injunction to improve wellbeing as a prompt to examine the dramaturgy of new problems, especially AIDS and domestic violence, as well as the better known performances in and around the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Kruger critically evaluates internationally known theatre makers, including the signature collaborations between animator/designer William Kentridge, and Handspring Puppet Company, and highlights the local and transnational impact of major post-apartheid companies such as Magnet Theatre.
A History Of The Royal Navy
Authors: Stanley Jo
Published: November 2019

As nurses, ‘Jenny Wrens’, and above all as wives and mothers, women have quietly kept the Royal Navy afloat throughout history. From its earliest years, women maintained homes and families while men battled at sea, providing vital support behind the scenes. Later they also ran maritime businesses and worked as civilians in naval offices and dockyards. From 1884, women were able to serve as nurses in the Queen Alexandra's Royal Naval Nursing Service and, from 1917, they became members of the Women's Royal Naval Service. The outbreak of both world wars gave women special opportunities and saw the role of women as Wrens, nursing sisters, VADs and medics change and develop. In more recent times, the development of equal rights legislation has fundamentally changed naval life: women are now truly in the navy and do ‘men's jobs’ at sea. Using previously-unpublished first-hand material, this is the first book to reflect all the diverse roles that women have played in Royal Navy services. Jo Stanley situates women's naval activities within a worldwide context of women who worked, travelled and explored new options. This book provides vital new perspectives on both women's military history and the wider history of women who desired to work on or near the sea.
Prostitution in the Eastern Mediterranean World
Authors: Leiser Gary
Published: November 2019

This groundbreaking book challenges many stereotypical views about the historical practice of prostitution. Based on twenty years' research, and organized by region, it charts the history of sex for sale in those chief centres of the late antique and medieval East, whether in Arabia, Egypt, Syria or Anatolia. Ranging extensively from 300 CE to 1500 (or from the reign of Theodosius to the early Ottoman period), Gary Leiser meticulously examines the available sources and argues for a reappraisal of the so-called oldest profession. He suggests that it was never prohibited; that there was remarkable continuity between Christian and Muslim rule; and that prostitution was institutionalized as a 'service industry' at various times. Indicating that sex work in the East had its own distinctive character and meanings (for example, that it was taxed from the time of Caligula onwards and that prostitutes were expected to retain tax receipts), the book brings continually fresh insights to a controversial subject.
Gaseous, PM2.5 mass, and speciated emission factors from laboratory chamber peat combustion
Authors: Watson John G. , Cao Junji , Chen L.-W. Antony , Wang Qiyuan , Tian Jie , Wang Xiaoliang , Gronstal Steven , Ho Steven Sai Hang , Watts Adam C. , Chow Judith C.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Peat fuels representing four biomes of boreal (western Russia and Siberia),
temperate (northern Alaska, USA), subtropical (northern and southern
Florida, USA), and tropical (Borneo, Malaysia) regions were burned in a
laboratory chamber to determine gas and particle emission factors (EFs).
Tests with 25 % fuel moisture were conducted with predominant smoldering
combustion conditions (average modified combustion efficiency (MCE) =0.82±0.08). Average fuel-based EFCO2 (carbon dioxide) are highest
(1400 ± 38 g kg−1) and lowest (1073 ± 63 g kg−1) for
the Alaskan and Russian peats, respectively. EFCO (carbon monoxide) and
EFCH4 (methane) are ∼12 %–15 % and ∼0.3 %–0.9 % of EFCO2, in the range of 157–171 and 3–10 g kg−1, respectively. EFs for nitrogen species are at the same magnitude
as EFCH4, with an average of 5.6 ± 4.8 and 4.7 ± 3.1 g kg−1 for EFNH3 (ammonia) and EFHCN (hydrogen cyanide); 1.9±1.1 g kg−1 for EFNOx (nitrogen oxides); and 2.4±1.4 and 2.0 ± 0.7 g kg−1 for EFNOy (total reactive
nitrogen) and EFN2O (nitrous oxide). An oxidation flow reactor (OFR) was used to simulate atmospheric aging times
of ∼2 and ∼7 d to compare fresh (upstream)
and aged (downstream) emissions. Filter-based EFPM2.5 varied by
> 4-fold (14–61 g kg−1) without appreciable changes between
fresh and aged emissions. The majority of EFPM2.5 consists of EFOC
(organic carbon), with EFOC ∕ EFPM2.5 ratios in the range of 52 %–98 % for fresh emissions and ∼14 %–23 % degradation after
aging. Reductions of EFOC (∼7–9 g kg−1) after aging
are most apparent for boreal peats, with the largest degradation in low-temperature OC1 that evolves at < 140 ∘C, indicating the
loss of high-vapor-pressure semivolatile organic compounds upon aging. The
highest EFLevoglucosan is found for Russian peat (∼16 g kg−1), with ∼35 %–50 % degradation after aging. EFs for
water-soluble OC (EFWSOC) account for ∼20 %–62 % of
fresh EFOC. The majority (> 95 %) of the total emitted carbon is in the
gas phase, with 54 %–75 % CO2, followed by 8 %–30 % CO. Nitrogen in
the measured species explains 24 %–52 % of the consumed fuel nitrogen, with an average of 35 ± 11 %, consistent with past studies that report
∼1/3 to 2∕3 of the fuel nitrogen measured in biomass
smoke. The majority (> 99 %) of the total emitted nitrogen is
in the gas phase, with an average of 16.7 % as NH3 and 9.5 % as
HCN. N2O and NOy constituted 5.7 % and 2.9 % of consumed
fuel nitrogen. EFs from this study can be used to refine current emission
inventories.
Consistency and structural uncertainty of multi-mission GPS radio occultation records
Authors: Steiner Andrea K. , Ladstädter Florian , Ao Chi O. , Gleisner Hans , Ho Shu-Peng , Hunt Doug , Schmidt Torsten , Foelsche Ulrich , Kirchengast Gottfried , Kuo Ying-Hwa , Lauritsen Kent B. , Mannucci Anthony J. , Nielsen Johannes K. , Schreiner William , Schwärz Marc , Sokolovskiy Sergey , Syndergaard Stig , Wickert Jens
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Atmospheric climate monitoring requires observations of high-quality conforming to the criteria of the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS). Radio occultation (RO) data based on Global Positioning System (GPS) signals are available since 2001 from several satellite missions with global coverage, high accuracy, and high vertical resolution in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. We assess the consistency and long-term stability of multi-satellite RO observations for use as climate data records. As a measure of long-term stability, we quantify the structural uncertainty of RO data products arising from different processing schemes. We analyze atmospheric variables from bending angle to temperature for four RO missions, CHAMP, Formosat-3/COSMIC, GRACE, and Metop, provided by five data centers. The comparisons are based on profile-to-profile differences, aggregated to monthly means. Structural uncertainty in trends is found lowest from 8 km to 25 km altitude globally for all inspected RO variables and missions. For temperature, it is < 0.05 K per decade in the global mean and < 0.1 K per decade at all latitudes. Above 25 km, the uncertainty increases for CHAMP while data from the other missions are based on advanced receivers and are usable to higher altitudes for climate trend studies: dry temperature to 35 km, refractivity to 40 km, and bending angle to 50 km. Larger differences in RO data at high altitudes and latitudes are mainly due to different implementation choices in the retrievals. The intercomparison helped to further enhance the maturity of the RO record and confirms the climate quality of multi-satellite RO observations towards establishing a GCOS climate data record.
Simultaneous Detection of Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide by Oxygen Anion Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry: A Fast Time Response Sensor Suitable for Eddy Covariance Measurements
Authors: Novak Gordon A. , Vermeuel Michael P. , Bertram Timothy H.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. We report on the development, characterization, and field deployment of a fast time response sensor for measuring ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations utilizing chemical ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CI-ToFMS) with oxygen anion (O2−) reagent ion chemistry. We demonstrate that the oxygen anion chemical ionization mass spectrometer (Ox-CIMS) is highly sensitive to both O3 (180 ions s−1 pptv−1 pptv−1) and NO2 (97 ions s−1 pptv−1), corresponding to detection limits (3σ, 1 s averages) of 13 and 9.9 pptv, respectively. In both cases, the detection threshold is limited by the magnitude and variability in the background determination. The short-term precision (1 s averages) is better than 0.3% at 10 ppbv O3 and 4% at 10 pptv NO2. We demonstrate that the sensitivity of the O3 measurement to fluctuations in ambient water vapor and carbon dioxide is negligible for typical conditions encountered in the troposphere. The application of the Ox-CIMS to the measurement of O3 vertical fluxes over the coastal ocean, via eddy covariance (EC), was tested during summer 2018 at Scripps Pier, La Jolla CA. The observed mean ozone deposition velocity (vd(O3)) was 0.011 cm s−1 pptv−1 with a campaign ensemble limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0042 cm s−1 pptv−1 at the 95% confidence level, from each 27-minute sampling period LOD. The campaign mean and one standard deviation range of O3 mixing ratios were 38.9 ± 12.3 ppbv. Several fast ozone titration events from local NO emissions were sampled where unit conversion of O3 to NO2 was observed, highlighting instrument utility as a total odd oxygen (Ox = O3 + NO2) sensor. The demonstrated precision, sensitivity, and time resolution of this instrument highlight its potential for direct measurements of O3 ocean–atmosphere and biosphere–atmosphere exchange from both stationary and mobile sampling platforms.
Validation of carbon isotope fractionation in algal lipids as a pCO2 proxy using a natural CO2 seep (Shikine Island, Japan)
Authors: Witkowski Caitlyn R. , Agostini Sylvain , Harvey Ben P. , van der Meer Marcel T. J. , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S. , Schouten Stefan
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere play an
integral role in many Earth system dynamics, including its influence on
global temperature. The past can provide insights into these dynamics, but
unfortunately reconstructing long-term trends of atmospheric carbon dioxide
(expressed in partial pressure; pCO2) remains a challenge in
paleoclimatology. One promising approach for reconstructing past pCO2
utilizes the isotopic fractionation associated with CO2 fixation during
photosynthesis into organic matter (εp). Previous studies have focused
primarily on testing estimates of εp derived from the δ13C
of species-specific alkenone compounds in laboratory cultures and mesocosm
experiments. Here, we analyze εp derived from the δ13C of
more general algal biomarkers, i.e., compounds derived from a multitude of
species from sites near a CO2 seep off the coast of Shikine Island
(Japan), a natural environment with CO2 concentrations ranging from
ambient (ca. 310 µatm) to elevated (ca. 770 µatm) pCO2. We observed
strong, consistent δ13C shifts in several algal biomarkers from
a variety of sample matrices over the steep CO2 gradient. Of the three
general algal biomarkers explored here, namely loliolide, phytol, and
cholesterol, εp positively correlates with pCO2, in agreement with
εp theory and previous culture studies. pCO2 reconstructed from the
εp of general algal biomarkers show the same trends throughout, as well
as the correct control values, but with lower absolute reconstructed values
than the measured values at the elevated pCO2 sites. Our results show
that naturally occurring CO2 seeps may provide useful testing grounds
for pCO2 proxies and that general algal biomarkers show promise for
reconstructing past pCO2.
The importance of physiological, structural and trait responses to drought stress in driving spatial and temporal variation in GPP across Amazon forests
Authors: Flack-Prain Sophie , Meir Patrick , Malhi Yadvinder , Smallman Thomas Luke , Williams Mathew
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The capacity of Amazon forests to sequester carbon is threatened by climate-change-induced shifts in precipitation patterns. However, the relative
importance of plant physiology, ecosystem structure and trait composition
responses in determining variation in gross primary productivity (GPP)
remain largely unquantified and vary among models. We evaluate the relative
importance of key climate constraints to GPP, comparing direct plant
physiological responses to water availability and indirect structural and
trait responses (via changes to leaf area index (LAI), roots and
photosynthetic capacity). To separate these factors we combined the
soil–plant–atmosphere model with forcing and observational data from seven
intensively studied forest plots along an Amazon drought stress gradient. We
also used machine learning to evaluate the relative importance of individual
climate factors across sites. Our model experiments showed that variation in
LAI was the principal driver of differences in GPP across the gradient,
accounting for 33 % of observed variation. Differences in photosynthetic
capacity (Vcmax and Jmax) accounted for 21 % of variance, and
climate (which included physiological responses) accounted for 16 %.
Sensitivity to differences in climate was highest where a shallow rooting
depth was coupled with a high LAI. On sub-annual timescales, the relative
importance of LAI in driving GPP increased with drought stress
(R2=0.72), coincident with the decreased importance of solar radiation
(R2=0.90). Given the role of LAI in driving GPP across Amazon
forests, improved mapping of canopy dynamics is critical, opportunities for
which are offered by new satellite-based remote sensing missions such as
GEDI, Sentinel and FLEX.
The Cumulus And Stratocumulus CloudSat-CALIPSO Dataset (CASCCAD)
Authors: Cesana Grégory , Del Genio Anthony D. , Chepfer Hélène
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Low clouds continue to contribute greatly to the uncertainty in cloud
feedback estimates. Depending on whether a region is dominated by cumulus
(Cu) or stratocumulus (Sc) clouds, the interannual low-cloud feedback is
somewhat different in both spaceborne and large-eddy simulation studies.
Therefore, simulating the correct amount and variation of the Cu and Sc
cloud distributions could be crucial to predict future cloud feedbacks. Here
we document spatial distributions and profiles of Sc and Cu clouds derived
from Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations
(CALIPSO) and CloudSat measurements. For this purpose, we create a new
dataset called the Cumulus And Stratocumulus CloudSat-CALIPSO Dataset
(CASCCAD), which identifies Sc, broken Sc, Cu under Sc, Cu with stratiform
outflow and Cu. To separate the Cu from Sc, we design an original method
based on the cloud height, horizontal extent, vertical variability and
horizontal continuity, which is separately applied to both CALIPSO and
combined CloudSat–CALIPSO observations. First, the choice of parameters used
in the discrimination algorithm is investigated and validated in selected
Cu, Sc and Sc–Cu transition case studies. Then, the global statistics are
compared against those from existing passive- and active-sensor satellite
observations. Our results indicate that the cloud optical thickness – as
used in passive-sensor observations – is not a sufficient parameter to
discriminate Cu from Sc clouds, in agreement with previous literature. Using
clustering-derived datasets shows better results although one cannot
completely separate cloud types with such an approach. On the contrary,
classifying Cu and Sc clouds and the transition between them based on their
geometrical shape and spatial heterogeneity leads to spatial distributions
consistent with prior knowledge of these clouds, from ground-based,
ship-based and field campaigns. Furthermore, we show that our method
improves existing Sc–Cu classifications by using additional information on
cloud height and vertical cloud fraction variation. Finally, the CASCCAD
datasets provide a basis to evaluate shallow convection and stratocumulus
clouds on a global scale in climate models and potentially improve our
understanding of low-level cloud feedbacks. The CASCCAD dataset (Cesana,
2019, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2667637) is available
on the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) website at https://data.giss.nasa.gov/clouds/casccad/ (last access: 5 November 2019) and on the zenodo website at
https://zenodo.org/record/2667637 (last access: 5 November 2019).
Simulated single-layer forest canopies delay Northern Hemisphere snowmelt
Authors: Todt Markus , Rutter Nick , Fletcher Christopher G. , Wake Leanne M.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Single-layer vegetation schemes in modern land surface models have been found to overestimate diurnal cycles in longwave radiation beneath forest canopies. This study introduces an empirical correction, based on forest-stand-scale simulations, which reduces diurnal cycles of sub-canopy longwave radiation. The correction is subsequently implemented in land-only simulations of the Community Land Model version 4.5 (CLM4.5) in order to assess the impact on snow cover. Nighttime underestimations of sub-canopy longwave radiation outweigh daytime overestimations, which leads to underestimated averages over the snow cover season. As a result, snow temperatures are underestimated and snowmelt is delayed in CLM4.5 across evergreen boreal forests. Comparison with global observations confirms this delay and its reduction by correction of sub-canopy longwave radiation. Increasing insolation and day length change the impact of overestimated diurnal cycles on daily average sub-canopy longwave radiation throughout the snowmelt season. Consequently, delay of snowmelt in land-only simulations is more substantial where snowmelt occurs early.
Mankin, Robert, editor. The Internationalization of Intellectual Exchange in a Globaliz Europe, 1636-1780. Lewisburg : Bucknell University Press ; The Rowman & Littlefied, 2018. LCCN 2017947781. ISBN 9781611487886 (hard back : alk pap ISBN 9781611487893
Authors: Woodward Servanne
Published: November 2019

Ce volume propose un effort théorique de définitions de la notion de transfert par une série de portraits de ceux que Robert Mankin appelle les « passeurs », généralement des personnes qui dépensent leurs ressources au plaisir intime de désenclaver les savoirs culturels. 

Jaucourt, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Staël, Orient, transfert, passeur
Enseigner la Terreur en plurilinguisme et interculturalité : quelles implications pour l’approche historienne des relations entre France, îles britanniques et Amérique du Nord à la fin du XVIIIe siècle ?
Authors: Biagioli Nicole
Published: November 2019

Partant des manuels d’histoire qui ont bâti et/ou reconstruit l’identité nationale, l’article se concentre sur l’évocation de l’époque révolutionnaire française appelée « Terreur » telle qu’elle apparaît, ou non, dans les nouveaux manuels qui depuis 2005 se sont ouverts à l’histoire mondiale. Il existe plusieurs filières et traitements appropriés à l’âge et au niveau de compréhension des écoliers, jusqu’à la terminale. Dans les classes d’apprentissages de l’histoire en langue étrangère (très majoritairement l’Anglais), la révolution de 1689 en Angleterre, la révolution américaine, la révolution française et la révolte/révolution de St. Domingue prennent des reliefs bien différents du programme scolaire centré sur la France et les départements d’Outremer. L’article évalue les divers équilibres apportés aux manuels et la part de créativité qui revient aux enseignants et aux élèves.
Academic Challenges of Female Graduate TESOL Students in the Saudi Context
Authors: Alghamdi Boushra , Alasmari Nada , Shukri Nadia
Published: November 2019

Academic challenges are apparent factors that might hinder the progress and efficiency of students' higher education. Moreover, identifying these challenges will contribute to the progress of academic programs as well as maximizing academic achievement. The current research aims to shed the light on the various academic challenges that graduate female students majoring in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) encounter in the Saudi context. Furthermore, the current study serves to expand the knowledge about the most prominent academic challenges that TESOL students experience in the given context. Thus, helping students overcome these issues which might result in better performance and more qualified students. In addition, this study follows a mixed method research; and the participants are 23 Saudi female TESOL students. The study employed a questionnaire adapted from Phakiti and Li's (2011); the questionnaire consisted of 4 sections that include 24 close-ended question, in addition to 2 open-ended questions. The results of this study reveal three leading areas of academic challenges that TESOL students experience in their academic studies. The most prominent area of difficulty is academic writing, academic reading, and lastly other general academic challenges such as speaking skills and managing the academic load. The findings of this study reveal that female TESOL students encounter several challenges and obstacles that hinder their academic success. Also, recommendations for further research are mentioned to investigate the factors causing these academic challenges.
Modeling Frequency of Truck Crashes on Limited-Access Highways
Authors: Amarasingha Niranga , Dissanayake Sunanda
Published: November 2019

Freight can be efficiently transported between most locations in the U.S. using large trucks. Involvement of large trucks in crashes can cause much damage and serious injuries, due to their large sizes and heavy weights. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships between large truck crashes and traffic and geometric characteristics on limited access highways. Crash and traffic and geometric-related data for Kansas were utilized to develop a Poisson regression model and a negative binomial regression model for understanding the relationships. Based on model-fitting statistics, the negative binomial model was found to be the better model, which was used to identify the important characteristics. By addressing identified factors, safety could be promoted through introduction of appropriate engineering improvements.
Intraoperative Efficiency in Contemporary Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: Is Manual Pressure During Cement Curing Still Necessary With Interference Fit Pegged Glenoids?
Authors: Garbis Nickolas G. , Burr Rebecca G. , Schneider Andrew M. , Murphy Michael , Salazar Dane H.
Published: November 2019

Introduction:

No previous data have demonstrated the effect of manual pressure during cement curing on interference-fit glenoid implant fixation in total shoulder arthroplasty. In this study, we examined cement mantle characteristics and implant seating using two different methods of securing an interference-fit glenoid implant with peripheral cemented pegs: a manual pressure technique versus a pressureless technique.

Methods:

Sixteen cadaveric scapulae were harvested, and their glenoids were prepared for component insertion. Glenoids with an interference-fit central peg were cemented into the peripheral holes and fully seated. Two techniques were employed during cement curing: (1) a manual pressure technique (8 glenoids), which used a static 70 N load application to each implant for 10 minutes; and (2) a pressureless technique (8 glenoids), which used no pressure application, and the implant was left to set without intervention. Each glenoid was subsequently imaged using microcomputed tomography and analyzed for differences in cement mantle characteristics and implant seating.

Results:

The mean area of cement penetration for the manual pressure technique was not statistically different from the pressureless group (P= .26, valid N = 288). The average implant incongruity after final seating in the manual pressure group was 0.63 mm, compared with 1.0 mm in the pressureless group. A linear mixed effects model with a Kenward-Roger correction was used to compare the two groups, and no significant difference was found (Mdiff= −0.386, 95% confidence interval: −0.978 to 0.206;P= 0.17).

Conclusion:

Manual pressure of the glenoid component during cement curing yielded no difference in the cement mantle area or final implant seating incongruity compared with a pressureless technique. This knowledge could potentially benefit both the surgeon and the patient by increasing the efficiency in total shoulder arthroplasty surgery.
Od devítky k devítce (útržky z historie fakulty)
Authors: Vojáček Ladislav
Published: November 2019

Autor na půdorysu krátkého článku sleduje stoletou historii Právnické fakulty Masarykovy univerzity v Brně. Přistupuje k ní jako právní historik, ale též jako pamětník – nejdříve student fakulty a pak s časovým odstupem akademický pracovník. Období od roku 1919 do roku 2019 rozdělil na střídající se dvaceti- a třicetiletá období, oddělená „devítkovými“ roky, které v historii brněnské fakulty hrály klíčovou roli: 1939, 1969 a 1989. Vedle nutných základních „orientačních“ informací v rámci nich připomíná ty stránky fakultní historie, které jsou méně známé nebo z jeho pohledu vnímané příliš jednostranně či jinak zkresleně.
Cellular Spindled Histiocytic Pseudotumor: A Benign Mimic of Spindle Cell Neoplasia of the Breast
Authors: East Ellen G. , Carter Cody S. , Sciallis Andrew P.
Published: November 2019

Context.—

Cellular spindled histiocytic pseudotumor (CSHPT) is an exuberant, dense histiocytic proliferation seen in the setting of mammary fat necrosis. CSHPT has a broad histologic differential diagnosis, including benign, malignant, and inflammatory etiologies.

Objectives.—

To highlight the most important histologic and immunohistochemical findings of CSHPT and provide comparisons to entities within the broad differential diagnosis.

Data Sources.—

Recently published literature regarding CSHPT and other diagnostic considerations.

Conclusions.—

CSHPT is a benign histiocytic proliferation with a broad differential diagnosis, for which comprehensive ancillary studies may be required to exclude malignant and infectious entities.
Mémoire et affect dans les recontextualisations multimédiatiques de chansons populaires : autour de Fortunate Son de Creedence Clearwater Revival (CCR) (1969)
Authors: Morin-Simard Andréane
Published: November 2019

Cet article s’intéresse aux effets de la circulation massive de la chanson Fortunate Son (CCR, 1969) dans les médias audiovisuels sur différents registres mémoriels et affectifs. L’association de la chanson avec la guerre du Viêt Nam et la manière dont le jeu vidéo contribue à la perception de l’événement historique sont explorées par l’entremise d’une analyse du jeu de tir à la première personne Call of Duty: Black Ops (2010).
Making Memories: Time and Responsibility in Intermedial Metatheatre
Authors: Gasoi Lowell
Published: November 2019

That performance can be captured and replayed may be a given, but much less well-understood is the relationship between that stored performance, the memory of a performed act, and the live event. The practice of intermedial theatre offers a unique way to probe that relationship, and the awareness of metatheatre further exposes the links between memory, technology, and performance. This paper argues that intermedial metatheatre, and my own work as a director, video-maker, and video performer for a 2014 production of Daniel MacIvor’s play Never Swim Alone, provides a valuable model for research-creation that can shed light on these questions in an embodied and experiential manner. Engaging with Sarah Kember and Joanna Zylisnka’s notion of performative media, as well as the concept of memory work from Annette Kuhn, I offer thoughts on materiality, time, and mediated memory, captured through technologies like camera and sound recording equipment, and in constructed spaces like studios and rehearsal rooms, represented by projection mapping software and digital projectors in the theatre space. All these are integrated into the network of actors and techniques that make up current practices in intermedial theatrical creation. Can this research begin to unravel ideas of authenticity and liveness when reactivating memories in relation to live actors, and before an audience? And what of our responsibility to the digital representation and the live performer when bringing these memories and moments together? How does the network of technologies and practitioners in intermedial theatre creation and presentation, understand and respect the “lifeness” of a mediated memory?
Familiarity with visual stimuli boosts recency bias in macaques
Authors: Brunet Nicolas , Jagadeesh Bharathi
Published: November 2019

To probe how non-human primates (NHPs) decode temporal dynamic stimuli, we used a two-alternative forced choice task (2AFC), where the cue was dynamic: a movie snippet drawn from an animation that transforms one image into another. When the cue was drawn from either the beginning or end of the animation, thus heavily weighted towards one (the target) of both images (the choice pair), then primates performed at high levels of accuracy. For a subset of trials, however, the cue was ambiguous, drawn from the middle of the animation, containing information that could be associated to either image. Those trials, rewarded randomly and independent of choice, offered an opportunity to study the strategy the animals used trying to decode the cue. Despite being ambiguous, the primates exhibited a clear strategy, suggesting they were not aware that reward was given non-differentially. More specifically, they relied more on information provided at the end than at the beginning of those cues, consistent with the recency effect reported by numerous serial position studies. Interestingly and counterintuitively, this effect became stronger for sessions where the primates were already familiar with the stimuli. In other words, despite having rehearsed with the same stimuli in a previous session, the animals relied even more on a decision strategy that did not yield any benefits during a previous session. In the discussion section we speculate on what might cause this behavioral shift towards stronger bias, as well as why this behavior shows similarities with a repetition bias in humans known as the illusory truth effect.
Mapping theme trends and recognizing hot spots in postmenopausal osteoporosis research: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Zhou Siming , Tao Zhengbo , Zhu Yue , Tao Lin
Published: November 2019

Background

This study aimed to draw a series of scientific maps to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate hot spots and trends in postmenopausal osteoporosis research using bibliometric analysis.

Methods

Scientific papers published on postmenopausal osteoporosis were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection and PubMed database. Extracted information was analyzed quantitatively with bibliometric analysis by CiteSpace, the Online Analysis Platform of Literature Metrology and Bibliographic Item Co-Occurrence Matrix Builder (BICOMB). To explore the hot spots in this field, co-word biclustering analysis was conducted by gCLUTO based on the major MeSH terms/MeSH subheading terms-source literatures matrix.

Results

We identified that a total of 5,247 publications related to postmenopausal osteoporosis were published between 2013 and 2017. The overall trend decreased from 1,071 literatures in 2013 to 1,048 literatures in 2017. Osteoporosis International is the leading journal in the field of postmenopausal osteoporosis research, both in terms of impact factor score (3.819) and H-index value (157). The United States has retained a top position and has exerted a pivotal influence in this field. The University of California, San Francisco was identified as a leading institution for research collaboration, and Professors Reginster and Kanis have made great achievements in this area. Eight research hot spots were identified.

Conclusions

Our study found that in the past few years, the etiology and drug treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis have been research hot spots. They provide a basis for the study of the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and guidelines for the drug treatment of osteoporosis.
Pattern of Paediatric Endocrine Disorders According to ICD-10 Classification in a Tertiary Centre in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Tamunopriye Jaja , Iroro Yarhere , Tochi Uchenwa-Onyenegecha
Published: November 2019

Aim: To describe the spectrum of various endocrine disorders seen in children and adolescents in Port Harcourt over the period 2013-2017 using modified European Society of Paediatric endocrinology ICD -10 classification.

Study Design: Descriptive, Cross sectional study.

Place and Duration: Paediatric endocrinology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital.  Study was done with data from January 2013 to August 2017.

Methods: A retrospective review of 178 patients with various endocrine diseases was reported. Data on biodata, clinical presentations and investigations with diagnosis   were retrieved from the clinic and ward records and endocrine unit registers.

Results: A total of 178 patients were seen with various endocrine disorders over the study period accounting for 4.5% of Paediatric specialist clinic consultations. There were 89(50.0%) females and 80(44.9%) males. Nine (5.1%) had genital ambiguity.  The ages of patients ranged from 12days to 17years with a mean age of 6.9 ± 5.1years. The commonest endocrine disorders were pubertal disorders, diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders and  calcium phosphate metabolism and bone disorders  in 34(17%), 27(14%)  23(12%), 22(11%) and 22(11%) respectively.  Twenty two (11%) of the patients had obesity and 10(5%) had syndromes with endocrine features.  Other disorders seen were sex development and gender disorders, testicular/male reproductive tract disorders, growth disorders (short stature) ovarian/female reproductive tract disorders, pituitary/ hypothalamic disorders and adrenal disorders in 17(9%), 17(9%) 10(5%),7(4%), 5(2.5%) and 3(1.5%) respectively. Type 1 DM remained the commonest type of DM. Most of the patients were of the middle social class (social class III). Challenges to management included high cost of investigations and drugs, high rate of loss to follow up.

Conclusion: Pubertal disorders, type 1 Diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, calcium and phosphate metabolism and bone disorders and obesity were the commonest cases in our review. Most investigations were available in private laboratories with high cost of investigation leading to loss to follow up and continuation of care.
Solving Material Mechanics and Multiphysics Problems of Metals with Complex Microstructures Using DAMASK—The Düsseldorf Advanced Material Simulation Kit
Authors: Diehl Martin , Wang Ding , Liu Chuanlai , Rezaei Mianroodi Jaber , Han Fengbo , Ma Duancheng , Kok Piet J. J. , Roters Franz , Shanthraj Pratheek
Published: November 2019

Predicting process–structure and structure–property relationships are the key tasks in materials science and engineering. Central to both research directions is the internal material structure. In the case of metallic materials for structural applications, this internal structure, the microstructure, is the collective ensemble of all equilibrium and nonequilibrium lattice imperfections. Continuum models to derive process–structure and structure–property relationships are based on two ingredients: 1) quantitative state variables that capture the essential features of the material's state and 2) kinetic equations for the state that describe its evolution under load. Successful models, that is, models that are of practical use, depend on state variables and corresponding evolution laws that are sufficiently representative for the microstructure and that are able to describe the phenomena of interest. The development of software tools capable to integrate these different aspects to get a holistic view of process–structure–property relationships requires joint efforts from specialists in different disciplines and a long‐term perspective. The Düsseldorf Advanced Material Simulation Kit (DAMASK) is such a tool. In this overview article published on the occasion of Advanced Engineering Materials' 20th anniversary, some representative application examples which demonstrate how DAMASK can be used to study metallic microstructures at different length scales are presented.
Robust Working Mechanism of Water Droplet‐Driven Triboelectric Nanogenerator: Triboelectric Output versus Dynamic Motion of Water Droplet
Authors: Yang Lei , Wang Yunfei , Guo Yanjie , Zhang Weiqiang , Zhao Zhibin
Published: November 2019

Harvesting energy from water flow based on liquid–solid contact electrification has been receiving intensive attention recently. However, due to the high deformability of water, challenges remain on exploring the dynamic motion of water in relation to the electrical output characteristic of water‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). Herein, by measuring the electrical output of a water droplet‐driven TENG (Wd‐TENG) along with observing the dynamics of the droplets by a high‐speed camera, a robust working mechanism of the Wd‐TENG is proposed, considering droplet spread, rebound, slide, and coalescence on the solid surface during the triboelectric cycle. It is demonstrated that the spread–rebound motion of droplet upon impact on the triboelectric layer surface results in one positive–negative current peak and the detachment of the droplet from the surface leads to another negative current peak. Droplet coalescence is also observed and found to cause larger negative peak when the merged droplet leaves the surface. The proposed mechanism is sufficiently proved by the results under different droplet dripping rates, sizes, surface wetting properties, and types of liquid. These findings provide an extended understanding of the liquid–solid contact electrification, which is significant in both fundamental and applied science of liquid–solid TENG.
Polymer Light‐Emitting Transistors With Charge‐Carrier Mobilities Exceeding 1 cm2 V−1 s−1
Authors: Chaudhry Mujeeb Ullah , Panidi Julianna , Nam Sungho , Smith Alice , Lim Jongchul , Tetzner Kornelius , Patsalas Panos A. , Vourlias George , Sit Wai‐Yu , Firdaus Yuliar , Heeney Martin , Bradley Donal D. C. , Anthopoulos Thomas D.
Published: November 2019

The vast majority of conjugated‐polymer‐based light emitting field‐effect transistors (LEFETs) are characterized by low charge‐carrier mobilities typically in the 10−5 to 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 range. Fast carrier transport is a highly desirable characteristic for high‐frequency LEFET operation and, potentially, for use in electrically pumped lasers. Unfortunately, high‐mobility organic semiconductors are often characterized by strong intermolecular π–π interactions that reduce luminescence. Development of new materials and/or device concepts that overcome this hurdle are therefore required. Single organic semiconductor layer based LEFETs that combine high hole mobilities with encouraging light emission characteristics are reported. This is achieved in a single polymer layer LEFET, which is further enhanced through the use of a small‐molecule/conjugated polymer blend system that possesses a film microstructure which supports enhanced charge‐carrier mobility (3.2 cm2 V−1 s−1) and promising light‐emission characteristics (1600 cd m−2) as compared to polymer‐only based LEFETs. This simple approach represents an attractive strategy to further advance the performance of solution‐processed LEFETs.