bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NEW GENERATION OF VACCINE TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Maciorowski Dawid
Published: September 2024

Advances in vaccinology are transforming the landscape of global health, offering new hope in the fight against infectious diseases and beyond.The emergence of mRNA vac- cines has been a revolutionary development, highlighted by the rapid and effective response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Nanoparticle-based delivery systems are also making strides in vaccinology.These systems improve the stability and delivery of vaccine antigens, and by enhancing their presentation to the immune system, nanoparticle delivery can significantly increase vaccine potency and duration of immunity. Advances in reverse vaccinology, artificial intelligence, and computational immunology are accelerating the discovery of new vaccine candidates. By analyzing the genetic information of pathogens and utilizing computer algorithms, wecan identify potential vaccine targets more efficiently. Additionally, the integration of synthetic biology into vaccine development is paving the way for customizable and scalable vaccine production. Synthetic biology techniques allowfor the precise engineering ofvaccinecomponents, enabling the creation ofvaccines thataretailoredtospecific pathogens and populations.These innovations are not only enhancing the efficacy and safety of existing vaccines but are also opening new avenues for the prevention and treatment of a wide range of diseases, including non-infectious conditions like cancer and autoimmune disorders.The continuous evolution of vaccinology holds promise for improving global health outcomes and achieving long-term diseasecontrol and eradication. Novel strides invaccinology is also opening newavenues of howwecan better protectourselves from pandemic potential pathogens or weaponized biological agents.This talk will showcase the major advancements made in the field, and the promising potential of the future.
MULTIOMICS – A NEW EXCITING ERA OF RESEARCH
Authors: Kucia Magdalena
Published: September 2024

Multiomika rewolucjonizuje badania naukowe oraz prace badawczo rozwojowe. Zapewnia holistyczne spojrzenie na biologię, które przyczynia się do przełomów badaniach podstawowych oraz klinicznych.W Laboratorium Medycyny Regeneracyjnej WUM prowadzimy badania oceniające długoterminowe skutki zakażenia wirusem SARS-CoV-19 z uwzględnieniem przedziału komórek macierzystych obecnych w dorosłych tkankach, rolę sygnałowania purynergicznego oraz układu dopełniacza w procesach mobilizacji oraz wszczepiania siękrwiotwórczychkomórek macierzystych, roli inflamasomu orazkomplosomuwpatogenezie układukrwiotwórczego. Prowadzimyanalizyjakościoweoraz ilościowe od etapu sekwencji genomu, poprzez ocenę ekspresji transkryptomu na poziomie pojedynczych komórek (single cell RNA-Seq) aż do określenia struktury związków chemicznychzwykorzystaniem spektrometrii mas.Wwieloośrodkowej współpracyprowadzimyanalizynieukierunkowanej metabolomiki.Wykorzystując metody diagnostyczne oparte na połączeniu mikroskopii elektronowej, genomiki oraz proteomiki opracowujemy algorytmy umożliwiające typowanie w obszarze chorób rzadkich, m.in. amyloidozy.
TERAPIE KOMÓRKOWE: REALIA I PERSPEKTYWY
Authors: Nasadiuk Khrystyna
Published: September 2024

Terapia komórkowa to podawanie żywych, często zmodyfikowanych komórek do organizmu pacjenta w celu wzrostu, wymiany lub naprawy uszkodzonej tkanki. Celem pracy jest przegląd współczesnych terapii komórkowych, zarówno tych stosowanych jako standardowe metody leczenia, jak i tych stosowanych w ramach badań klinicznych i przedklinicznych oraz medycznych eksperymentów leczniczych. Historia współczesnej terapii komórkowej zaczyna się od udanych prób przeszczepienia szpiku w drugiej połowie XX wieku. Obecnie na całym świecie co roku wykonuje się około 90 000 przeszczepów krwiotwórczych komórek macierzystych (hematopoietic stem cells transplant – HSCT) [1]. Jako źródło HSC najczęściej stosowana jest krew obwodowa po mobilizacji. W 2006 r. European Group for Bone Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) zrównała HSC z krwi pępowinowej z HSC ze szpiku kostnego i krwi obwodowej, a publikacje z ostatnich lat wskazują na polepszenie efektów zastosowania krwi pępowinowej [2, 3]. Ponadto, wśród dzieci chorych na ostrą białaczkę szpikową najlepsze przeżycie wolne od choroby i powikłań przeszczepienia uzyskuje się po allogenicznym HSCT z krwi pępowinowej [2]. Oprócz chorób krwi, wrodzonych wad metabolizmu i niedoborów odporności, HSCT staje się obecnie standardowym sposobem leczenia niektórych chorób autoimmunologicznych, obok innych nowoczesnych terapii [4]. Wzrasta liczba badań klinicznych, w tym badań fazy II i III, w których mezenchymalne komórki macierzyste są stosowane w terapii przeciwzapalnej i regeneracyjnej. Badane są również komórki innych wyspecjalizowanych tkanek (np. mięśnie szkieletowe, wyspy trzustkowe i in.). Podsumowując, terapie komórkowe i biobankowanie zajmują coraz ważniejsze miejsce we współczesnej medycynie. Odnotowuje się coraz szersze zastosowanie genetycznie zmodyfikowanych komórek, takich jak komórki CAR-T, NK/NKT, w terapii przeciwnowotworowej, a także komórek dendrytycznych i indukowanych pluripotencjalnych komórek macierzystych, rozwija się inżynieria tkankowa.
DEPRESJA W XXI WIEKU – STARA CHOROBA, NOWE ROZWIĄZANIA
Authors: Dudek Dominika
Published: September 2024

W prezentacji zostanie przedstawiony zarys historii zaburzeń depresyjnych, od starożytności po czasy współczesne oraz współczesne metody leczenia depresji, z uwzględnieniem depresji lekoopornej. Poruszone zostanie zagadnienia jak nowoczesne techniki zmieniają leczenie depresji.
WPŁYW INFLUENCERÓW NA KOMUNIKACJĘ MEDYCZNĄ: DOBRE I ZŁE STRONY NOWEGO FENOMENU
Authors: Gorecka Anna , Bieber Ewa
Published: September 2024

Z każdym nowym medium pojawiają się nowi celebryci, stając się idolami i autorytetami dla swoich wielbicieli. Podobnie jak w przypadku radia, kina i telewizji, rozwój internetu i mediów społecznościowych wpłynął na wyłonienie nowej grupy sławnych i wpływowych – influencerów. Dzisiaj influencerzy nie tylko pre- zentują swoje życie, podróże czy modę, ale również aktywnie wypowiadają się na tematy polityczne i udzielają porad medycznych. Rozwój internetu stworzył również platformę dla osób związanych zawodowo z ochroną zdrowia, umożliwiając edukację medyczną, promowanie profilaktyki, prowadzenie kampanii społecznych, a także prezentowanie najnowszych odkryć i dostępnych terapii. W tym wykładzie lek. Anna Gorecka krótko przedstawi powyższy temat, podając przykłady, a Ewa Bieber M.D. z perspektywy psychiatry omówi temat wpływu influencerów i algorytmów na zachowania użytkowników mediów społecznych.
SZTUCZNA INTELIGENCJA (AI). CZY TO JUŻ ŚWIT DLA SMART BEAUTY I SMART DERMATOLOGY?
Authors: Rachalewski Michał
Published: September 2024

Sztuczna inteligencja nie jest nowym konceptem, a obserwowana popularność terminu jest związana z szybkim rozwojem technologii. Doświadczenie sztucznej inteligencji przez użytkowników niekomercyjnych obserwuje się od 2008 roku, a prawdziwa eksplozja algorytmów o obszarze ochrony zdrowia i urody nastąpiła w 2022 roku.W obszarze dermatologii sztuczna inteligencja stała się narzędziem do monitorowania zmian skórnych, a także do samodzielnej diagnozy czerniaka. Funkcje kognitywne aplikacji opartych na sztucznej inteligencji są coraz sprawniejsze i często dorównują lekarzom pierwszego kontaktu w zakresie rozpoznania czerniaka. Czy to już zwiastun milowego postępu w medycynie? Czy ujęte w publikacjach naukowych pojedynki między algorytmami a lekarzami dermatologii to wystarczający powód by sięgać po aplikacje do samodzielnej diagnozy zmian nowotworowych skóry? Innym obszarem, w którym sztuczna inteligencja rozwija się błyskawicznie jest obszar kosmetologii. Czy klient może otrzymać spersonalizowany do swoich potrzeb kosmetyk? Czy bez specjalistycznej wiedzy technologa można stworzyć kosmetyk? Czy testy bezpieczeństwa kosmetyków in silico to przyszłość? Czy analizatory skóry oferowane na stronach producentów to już sztuczna inteligencja?Wśród licznych wątpliwości związanych z obszarem sztucznej inteligencji w dermatologii i kosmetologii zaczynają pojawiać się rekomendacje ze strony międzynarodowych towarzystw dermatologicznych związane z używaniem AI w rzeczonych branżach. Czy to już świt dla smart beauty i smart dermatology czy jesteśmy świadkami działań marketingowych nastawionych na sprzedaż usług i dóbr?
POWRÓT DO PRZESZŁOŚCI
Authors: Weiss Waldemar
Published: September 2024

Nie można przyswoić sobie definicji starzenia się, bez zrozumienia, na czym polega młodość i piękno. Jest to niezwykle ważne w chirurgii estetycznej, aby zrozumieć jej cel. Starzenie się zaburza harmonię między poczuciem naszego wieku a zmianami w naszym ciele. Przedstawiamy spojrzenie na ten proces ze strony„chirurgicznej ekspertyzy”. Proces starzenia można częściowo ukryć, można go negować, można z nim walczyć, lecz nic go nie zatrzyma i jego znamiona zawsze zostaną zauważalne. Spowalnianie go, a potem maskowanie pozwala tylko opóźnić to, co jest nieuchronne. Można też się do niego przyzwyczaić i żyć z nim szczęśliwie, ale jest to rzadkie zjawisko, zwłaszcza u kobiet, w naszym społeczeństwie hołdującym pięknu, gdzie zwykle piękność kojarzy się z młodością. Jak uszczęśliwić starzejących się ludzi, którzy tego nie akceptują? Jakie jest miejsce chirurgii w trwałym odmłodzeniu? Co daje łączenie nowoczesnych technik współdziałających, aby osiągnąć efekt„wzmacniacza”. Twarz naturalna z efektem„niezauważalnym” to ideał. Czy możemy zawrócić czas?
INVESTIGATION OF THE POSSIBILITIES OF USING BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OBJECTS OF HIGH-TECH ENTERPRISES
Authors:   Moscow State University of Technology “STANKIN”, Moscow, Russia, Eleneva Yuliya Ya. , Andreev Vladimir N. ,   Moscow State University of Technology “STANKIN”, Moscow, Russia, Lisovskaya Ekaterina G. ,   Independent Researcher, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we have studied such a tool for managing intellectual property objects (IPOs) of high-tech enterprises as blockchain technology. In particular, it was proposed to formalize the process of developing an approach to integrating blockchain technology into the practice of an enterprise’s IP management, taking into account the need for its constant updating, which is achieved through the use of the SECI organizational knowledge generation model.
SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH ON THE JUSTIFICATION OF THE CHOICE OF COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOR STRATEGY FOR TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES ENTERPRISES
Authors:   Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade named after Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky, Donetsk, Smirnova Kristina D.
Published: September 2024

The article reveals the content of a scientific and methodological approach to justifying the choice of a strategy for the competitive behavior of enterprises in the telecommunications services sector, which is based on methodological tools for analyzing the influence of environmental factors, assessing the state of competition in the product market and determining the level of competitiveness of telecommunications enterprises. The proposed approach is adapted to the industry specifics of the activities of enterprises in the telecommunications services sector and allows us to quantitatively describe the algorithm for constructing an optimal portfolio of strategic alternatives for competitive behavior.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS AND TOOLS FOR ACCOUNTING MANAGEMENT OF PRODUCTION COSTS
Authors:   Ural State Economic University, Sverdlovsk region, Ekaterinburg, Russia, Sharapova Valentina M. , Zova Victoria A. ,   Ural State Economic University, Sverdlovsk region, Ekaterinburg, Russia, Sharapova Natalya V. ,   Ural State Economic University, Sverdlovsk region, Ekaterinburg, Russia
Published: September 2024

Formation of the accounting policy of the enterprise on the object of accounting expenses is a complex methodologically scrupulous issue. The policy of consumption and distribution of the resource base forms the basis for the formation of the concept of “costs” as an accounting category. In the accounting policy management system, there is a need to determine the position of recognition of the accounting object and the dominant factors influencing its classification. Since the procedure for its classification and reflection in the accounting and analytical process depends on how the accounting object is defined. In the study, the authors came to the conclusion that the cost indicator does not have a normative definition. Analysis of various scientific approaches to the disclosure of this definition showed that the cost of production in theory and practice is the sum of costs for the production and sale of products in monetary terms.
METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF IMPLEMENTING THE POLICY OF INTERVENTION IN THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE STATE. PART 1.2. INDICATORS AND CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE POLICY OF INTERFERENCE IN THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE STATE (INHIBITING NORMAL ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT)
Authors:   Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow Russian Federation, Gordienko Dmitry V.
Published: September 2024

The article substantiates the possibility of using indicators and criteria for assessing the im-plementation of the policy of intervention in the internal affairs of the state. The political guidelines of the Washington NATO summit determine the possibility of interference by NATO member states in the internal affairs of Russia, China, Belarus and other countries of the world. At the same time, NATO member states already use an extensive toolkit for interfering in the internal political affairs of foreign states. This makes it relevant to develop a Methodology for Assessing the Effec-tiveness of the Implementation of the Policy of Intervention in the Internal Affairs of a State. The indicators of the implementation of the policy of intervention in the internal affairs of a state may be: restrictions on its independence (sovereignty); restrictions on freedom; inhibition of normal po-litical development; inhibition of normal economic development; inhibition of normal social development; as well as inhibition of the normal cultural development of this state. The criteria for assessing the implementation of the policy of intervention in the internal affairs of a state may include rules for assessing the values of such indicators in accordance with the imple-mented restrictions of its independence (sovereignty) and freedom; as well as inhibition of its normal political, economic, social and cultural development.
FOREIGN ECONOMIC COOPERATION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA (ANALYSIS OF LARGE INDUSTRIAL PROJECTS)
Authors:   Institute of Public Administration and Management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia, Dizova Anastasia A.
Published: September 2024

The article analyzes the foreign economic cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China in 2021-2024. The implementation of joint projects in the industrial sector is a way to increase the trade and investment turnover of the countries. In 2024, it is planned to implement 62 projects with investments of more than 165 billion US dollars. A comparative analysis of the largest industrial projects of the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China with an assessment of the problems of the current stage of their implementation allows us to assume the results and consequences of the interaction of the countries now and prepare recommendations on investment and trade cooperation in the main industries.
REGIONAL DISPARITIES IN EUROPE: CAUSES AND CURRENT STATUS
Authors:   North Ossetian State University named after K. I. Khetagurov, Vladikavkaz, Russia, Makoev Marat R.
Published: September 2024

Nowadays the issue of economic inequality has become extremely important after a series of socio-economic upheavals in the XNUMXst century. Such inequality affects a variety of aspects of life: from differentiation of income and wealth to the availability of goods and services, education, etc. In our case we are considering that these factors are an integral part of regional disparity, the basis of which lies in different levels of socio-economic development. This article examines the problem of regional disparity in the European Union. The methods used by the EU to measure and overcome it can also be useful for our country, because this problem is very relevant for the Russian Federation, which regions also suffer from socio-economic differentiation and disproportion.
COMPETITIVENESS OF THE REGION: INDICATORS AND ASSESSMENT METHODS
Authors:   FSBI “Institute of Problems of Regional Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, St. Petersburg, Russia, Orlov Pavel E.
Published: September 2024

The competitiveness of regions is one of the significant characteristics in the development of strategies and programs for their development, which determines the need to use adequate indicators and methods of its assessment. The approaches to assessing the competitiveness of Russian regions used both in the system of public administration and in the practice of rating agencies are considered. The foreign experience of assessing the competitiveness of regions is summarized and the priorities of socio-economic transformation of regions are highlighted, which must be taken into account when developing indicators for assessing their competitiveness. The theoretical and methodological approaches of Russian scientists to the problem of choosing indicators for assessing the competitiveness of regions are analyzed. Based on the conducted comparative critical analysis, the author’s set of indicators for assessing the competitiveness of the region is proposed and justified.
CASH FLOWS OF CORPORATE STRUCTURES WITH STATE PARTICIPATION AS AN OBJECT OF CONTROL
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Egorov D. S.
Published: September 2024

At present the state pays more attention to the activities of corporate structures, which is manifested in the implementation of budget investments through the acquisition of a share in their authorized capital and the expansion of the methods of interaction between budgetary and commercial organizations. In this regard, the attention to the issue of the legality and effectiveness of the activities of such corporate structures on the part of control bodies is increasing, responsibility for the targeted and effective usage of the relevant funds is also increasing in view of the trend to expand the boundaries of control at all levels of government. This article considers the importance of organizing and implementing control over cash flows in corporate structures with state participation. The main elements of control over cash flows are considered, its principles and objectives are disclosed, subjects and objects are characterized, the main methods of its implementation are given. The importance of implementing control over cash flows in relation to the current (operational) activities of corporate structures with state participation is determined. Directions for control over cash flows in the framework of the implementation of current (operational) activities, as well as issues to be studied in the course of its implementation are proposed.
IPO UNDERPRICING: PARAMETER ANALYSIS OF THE FIRST-DAY RETURNS
Authors:   Royal Holloway, University of London, Polyakov Danila O.
Published: September 2024

The short-term performance of the companies that are coming public on the US stock market is examined in this paper. 505 initial public offerings from the start of 2018 to the end of 2020 formed up the sample underthe analysis. It was discovered that the sample as a whole had an average underpricing of 25,84%, and that 125 initial public offerings (IPOs) had negative first-day returns with an average overpricing of 10,08%. The OLS regression model was applied to examine the relationship between the initial returns and the 1 independent variables. The analysis revealed that the initial performance of companies going public is strongly statistically related to the age of the company, investor sentiment prior to the IPO, the risk variable, and the volatility at the IPO date, but not the volume of the IPO, the proxy for the underwriter’s rating, or the hot-issue periods.
THE EVOLUTION OF WEB3 AND INTERNET ADVERTISING: FROM THE BIRTH OF THE INTERNET TO MODERN TRENDS AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS
Authors:   Independent Researcher, Moscow, Russia, Dolgova Nataliia E. , Dolgov Ivan M. ,   Higher School of Management RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2024

The authors present an overview of the development of Web3 from the inception of the internet to the present day. The article provides a detailed analysis of the working principles, presents a chronology of the Web, examines the key principles of Web3, and outlines its main characteristics, including commonly used abbreviations with explanations. Additionally, the article reviews trends in internet advertising, provides examples, and considers the implications of Web3 implementation for the economy as a whole and for advertisers and consumers in particular.
CLOUD TECHNOLOGIES IN EDUCATIONAL PROCESSES OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors:   Kaliningrad State Technical University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation, Anokhina Olga N.
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the use of cloud technologies in educational processes of higher education institutions. The main advantages of cloud solutions, such as flexibility, cost reduction and support for distance learning, are considered. Successful cases of implementing cloud technologies in Russian and foreign universities are analyzed, and the problems and challenges associated with their use are discussed. In conclusion, the prospects for the development of cloud technologies in higher education and their potential impact on the future of educational processes are considered.
IMPACT OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS’ PARTICIPATION IN CONGRESS AND EXHIBITION ACTIVITIES ON IMPROVING THEIR REPUTATION AND ATTRACTING STUDENTS
Authors:   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia, Karpov Dmitry A.
Published: September 2024

The research is devoted to assessing the impact of participation of universities in congress and exhibition activities on their reputation and ability to attract students. The relevance of the work is due to the growing competition in the market of educational services, which requires universities to search for effective tools to strengthen their positions. The dependent variables were the university’s place in the national ranking (as an indicator of reputation) and the competition for budgetary places (as an indicator of attractiveness for applicants). The independent variables were the number of congress and exhibition events in which the university participated, the total area of the exposition and the number of papers presented by the university scientists. Regression analysis was applied to assess the influence of these factors.
FEATURES OF FORMATION OF A MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM IN AN ORGANIZATION
Authors:   Institute of Public Service and Management RANEPA, Moscow, Russia, Boboshka Alexander E.
Published: September 2024

Modern Russian enterprises need to implement an effective personnel development system for a number of reasons. With the development of technology, changes in legislation and market transformations, the requirements that companies put forward to their employees are also changing – because the growth of the company’s production capabilities and market position depend on their professional level, readiness for continuous training and involvement in development. In the current conditions of constant socio-economic transformations, continuous training and improvement are becoming increasingly important, therefore, the correct organization of the system of professional development of personnel (including managerial personnel) plays a key role in the viability of the company, allowing it to solve strategic development tasks and ensure the effective operation of the organization. It defines the main decisions in personnel management: on the redistribution of powers, the transformation of competencies, the creation of a personnel reserve, the relocation of employees within the company, and the assessment of the effectiveness of the use of labor resources. The need to form a personnel development system is due to the fact that in modern conditions a new approach to employee development is required, forming their strategic thinking, ability to systematically analyze the situation and the constantly changing external environment. The fate of the entire organization depends on the quality of the built management system and the competence of the decisions made by employees of this level.
Sampling, quantification and mathematical modeling in agricultural spray drift: A review
Authors: Prasad Athira , D. Dhalin , S. Khatawkar Dipak
Published: September 2024

An effective spray of agrochemicals is inevitable for crop production for viable agriculture. Spraying inherently suffers from drift, which has always been one of the major concerns in agriculture, affecting the intent of agrochemical spraying and posing serious environmental hazards. Complete elimination of spray drift is impractical under field conditions but can be minimized using precision spraying techniques. Agricultural spray drift has several detrimental effects, such as environmental damage, polluting water bodies, human and animal health risks, chemical exposure, and economic losses, and may also lead to conflicts between neighboring farmers. Hence, the assessment of spray drift is a salient part of the design process of plant protection equipment to achieve maximum deposition in both chemical and biological pesticide applications. The different methods used to study the drift of a sprayer include test bench, wind tunnel and phase Doppler particle analyzer (PDPA) methods. In the field-level assessment, the fluorometric tracer sampling method conforming to ISO-22866:2005 was used. Plume dispersion, particle tracking and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are the major mathematical modeling approaches for spray drift simulation studies. Among various methodologies and techniques, an appropriate method for spray drift assessment should be adopted in accordance with factors such as crop parameters, mode of application, and environmental conditions.
Analysis of constraints on the adoption of management practices for water conservation in Haryana
Authors: Shubham  , Mukteshawar Rati , Rohila A. K. , Chahal P. K. , Ghanghas B. S. , Kumar Rohtash
Published: September 2024

The current investigation took place in five districts of Haryana, India, namely, Ambala, Kaithal, Karnal, Kurukshetra, and Yamunanagar. The primary objective was to understand the challenges confronted by farmers in adopting water conservation management practices. The findings presented in this paper stem from a field survey conducted during the 2020–21 period involving 150 respondents. These participants were interviewed using a well-structured and pretested interview schedule. The analysis of the collected data was performed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) tool. The results indicate that a majority of respondents identified financial constraints (WMS 2.45) and infrastructure constraints (WMS 2.39) as highly serious, while constraints related to manpower (WMS 2.15) and awareness were considered comparatively less serious (WMS 2.03). The study's conclusion highlights that most respondents perceive these constraints as significant, underscoring the urgent need to motivate and encourage farmers to embrace effective management practices. Additionally, the study emphasizes the necessity for a water policy to ensure its proper utilization.
Intelligent technologies and their transformative role in modern agriculture: A comparative approach
Authors: Behera Karishma , Babbar Anita , Vyshnavi R. G. , Yankanchi Shrikant , Verma Badal , Patel Teena , Jaiswal Sapna
Published: September 2024

The escalating global demand for food, propelled by a burgeoning population and the unpredictable shifts in climatic conditions, presents a challenge that traditional plant breeding alone struggles to address. In response to this pressing need, the infusion of intelligent technologies emerges as a pivotal solution, poised not only to boost production but also to meet the burgeoning demand. This transformative approach encompasses a spectrum of cutting-edge tools, including Remote Sensing and GIS, Aeroponics, Drone Technology, Biotechnology, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and, ultimately, Robotics. The synergistic integration of these technologies will enhance agricultural monitoring by facilitating precise crop surveillance, early detection and mitigation of diseases and pests, optimization of water resources, accurate mapping of land use and crop types, comprehensive environmental monitoring, real-time weather and climate tracking, efficient nutrient management, precise irrigation and spraying practices, reliable yield prediction, advanced demand forecasting, genetic analysis, and informed decision-making processes. The amalgamation of intelligent technologies with modern plant breeding methodologies signifies a significant advancement towards achieving more efficient and sustainable agricultural practices. This convergence not only addresses the immediate need for increased food production but also sets the stage for a resilient and future-ready agricultural landscape. In this era of integration, we witness the harmonious coexistence of tradition and innovation, paving the way for a more abundant and secure agricultural future.
Influence of selected growing media on the morphology, yield and nutrient uptake of Strawberry Cv. Winter Dawn
Authors: Rohan Kumar Singh  , Pant Pooja , Madhu Sangwan  , Rahul Sahrawat
Published: September 2024

The present investigation was carried out at Horticultural Demonstration Farm, SGT University, Gurugram, during the years 2022-23 to determine the efficacy of growth, yield, quality and nutrient uptake in the Strawberry cultivar Winter Dawn. The research trial was conducted in the RBD with seven different growing media (T1: Perlite + Soil, T2: Cocopeat + Soil, T3: FYM + Soil, T4: Cocopeat + Perlite + Soil, T5: Cocopeat + FYM + Soil, T6: FYM + Perlite and T7: FYM + Cocopeat + Perlite + Soil) and a control (T0). The results showed that the maximum plant height (40.93 cm), no. of leaves (36.73%), no. of crown (13.33%), no. of berry percentage (10.40%), fruit yield/plant (206.95 gm), berry weight (26.36 gm), berry size (35.45 mm), berry volume (30.32 cc), TSS (10.05°Brix), total sugar (6.01%), titratable acidity (0.77%), reducing sugars (5.93%), nonreducing sugars (0.53%) and leaf nutrient uptake, i.e., nitrogen (27.70%), phosphorus (3.56%) and potassium (90.80%), were greatest in the T7 treatment group, followed by the T5 treatment group. T7 application leads to improvements in soil nutrient content and microbial activity, contributing to significant improvements in both the quantity and quality of produce. Therefore, growing media (especially FYM, cocopeat and perlite) should be selected as growing media to cultivate strawberries for quality production.
Bio-pigment extraction from blue-color flowering landscape ornamentals
Authors: Sarkar Dipayan , Khan Arpita Mandal , Sarkar Indrajit , Maitra Soumen , Paul Prodyut Kumar
Published: September 2024

The plants used in landscaping, which typically grow in the wild, along roads, or on homestead land, produce flowers in different shades of colors, from which pigments in other hues can be derived. In this study, six aqueous extraction techniques were used to extract pigments from three plant species, Lagerstroemia sp., Clitoria sp., and Eichhorniacrassipesthat, which produce blue-colored flowers. This study aimed to standardize the processes for extracting pigments from flowers of naturally occurring plant species, identify potential sources of blue-colored natural pigments and assess the durability and quality of the pigments. Clitoria sp. had the highest anthocyanin concentration (64.44 mg/l) when extracted with microwave assistance.
First record of a mottled spine foot, Siganus fuscescens (Houttuyn, 1782), from the Gulf of Mannar, India
Authors: Palani Eshwar Chandra Vidya Sagar , Bheemeswararao K. , Swapna N. Mohana , Prasad G. Shiva , Dharmakar P.
Published: September 2024

The present study documents the first occurrence of Siganus fuscescens, known as the mottled spine foot, within the inshore waters of Vaan Island (latitude 8°73 N, longitude 78°16 E) and New Fishing Harbor (latitude 8°84 N, longitude 78°22 E), which are located in the Gulf of Mannar region. The species, commonly referred to as rabbitfishes, was captured by bottom-set gill nets deployed in reef-associated areas of the Gulf of Mannar at a depth of approximately 2–3 m. Furthermore, detailed analyses of the morphometric and meristic characteristics of the specimens were conducted using established taxonomic keys. A comprehensive discussion is also presented, elucidating the distribution patterns of Siganus species within the Gulf of Mannar region.
Analysis of the Soil Fertility Condition in Jiliba Village, Ganjam District, Odisha
Authors: Pradhan Soumyajeet , Mishra Antaryami
Published: September 2024

An assessment of soil fertility was conducted in Jiliba village, situated in the Bellaguntha block of Ganjam district in the North-Eastern agroclimatic zone of Odisha, India. Analysis of physical and chemical properties was conducted on soil samples obtained at a depth ranging from 0 to 15 cm. The findings indicate that the predominant soil texture in the hamlet under study consisted of sandy loam and clay loam. The soil hue ranged from Dark Grey at 10 years old to Yellowish brown at 10 years old. The pH of the soil varied from somewhat acidic (5.5-6) to neutral (6.5-7.5). The electrical conductivity of the whole research area remained uniformly below 0.74 dSm-1. Approximately 77.5% of the research region exhibited soil organic carbon (SOC) levels below 0.5%. The available nitrogen concentration was insufficient, varying from 87.8 to 150.5 kg/ha, indicating a possible requirement for nitrogen fertilization to adequately sustain crop development. The phosphorus content in Brays exhibited significant variation, ranging from 4.7 to 198.2 kg/ha, providing evidence of geographic heterogeneity in phosphorus availability throughout the hamlet. The soil potassium level exhibited significant variation, ranging from 54.6 to 435.6 kg/ha, potentially impacting the absorption of nutrients and the production of crops. The Nutrient Index readings for nitrogen (1.0) and phosphorus (1.32) were below expected levels, suggesting the necessity of implementing nutrient management strategies to enhance soil fertility. The potassium Nutrient Index value of 1.87 indicates a moderate level of potassium availability in comparison to nitrogen and phosphorus. The extractable soil sulphur from calcium chloride (CaCl2) ranged from 6.4 to 126.7 kg/ha, underscoring the significance of sulphur for crop fertilization. Modest variations in exchangeable calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) levels suggest differences in soil cation exchange capacity and nutrient availability. The micronutrient levels exhibited variation, with copper (Cu) concentration ranging from 2.026 to 4.210 parts per million (ppm), zinc (Zn) concentration ranging from 0.736 to 4.440 ppm, manganese (Mn) concentration ranging from 19.0 to 79.0 ppm, and iron (Fe) concentration ranging from 44.36 to 160.64 ppm. The concentration of boron soluble in hot water varied from extremely low to medium (0.15 to 0.68 mg/kg), suggesting different degrees of boron accessibility for plant absorption. Finally, it is essential to fill the research gaps concerning soil fertility and nutrient dynamics in order to establish sustainable agricultural practices and guarantee food security in the region.
Abiotic stress alleviation and contribution to resilient crop growth: A trichodermal perspective
Authors: Singh Ankit Kumar , Singh Ramji , Dixit Pooshpendra Singh
Published: September 2024

Over the past few decades, the use of different biocontrol agents in agricultural methods has resulted in significant improvements in the safety and nutritional quality of food products. Consequently, there has been an increasing interest in finding effective alternative approaches to reduce abiotic stress pressures that also promote plant growth. Trichoderma harzianum is a biocontrol agent that has attracted scientific attention due to its remarkable capacity to combat various abiotic influences. The multifaceted mechanisms of disease prevention and crop growth acceleration exhibited by the filamentous fungus T. harzianum have rendered it a highly useful biocontrol agent. Trichoderma spp. positively influence several physiological cellular processes in plants, such as photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, gas exchange, nutrient absorption and assimilation, and water expenditure efficiency. Trichoderma species promoted optimal root development and improved the absorption of mineral nutrients from the soil. In summary, the fungus Trichoderma shows significant potential as a biocontrol agent for the sustainable protection of crops and the stimulation of plant growth. The varied mechanisms of Trichoderma species make them indispensable for the management of plant diseases. The utilization of Trichoderma potential is a significant avenue for achieving robust and ecologically sound crop production, particularly in challenging circumstances, as the worldwide agricultural sector strives for substitutes to harmful pesticides and excessive use of fertilizers.
Taxonomic study of a rare butterfly, Talbotia naganum (Moore, 1884) (Pieridae: Pierini) from Nagaland, India
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Sidhu Avtar Kaur , Kirti Jagbir Singh
Published: September 2024

The genus Talbotia Bernardi, 1958 is a member of the subfamily Pierinae within the family Pieridae. It consists of a single species, Talbotia naganum (Moore, 1884), commonly known as Naga White, which is a highly uncommon species in India. In order to examine its morphological characteristics, including its genital attributes, a male specimen of Talbotia naganum (Moore) was analyzed from the collections held at the National Museum of Lepidoptera, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. The various male genital attributes of this species have been thoroughly studied, illustrated, and compared in detail for the first time with the commonly found pierid butterfly P. brassicae (Linnaeus).
Studies on pollen performance in some endangered medicinal and aromatic plants of cold desert Ladakh
Authors: Lamo Kunzang , Gurmet Padma , Rinchen Tsewang
Published: September 2024

The study was carried out at the Trans-Himalayan Herbal Garden, located at the National Institute of Sowa Rigpa-Leh, from 2021 to 2023. An assessment of pollen viability was conducted using seven significant medicinal and aromatic plants from the Ladakh region. Analysis of pollen vitality was conducted using the acetocarmine staining technique. The pollen viability of Inula racemosa Hook. f. ranged from 91.08 ± 1.39 % to 82.44 ± 1.48 % in Ephedra gerardiana Wall. Among the genus Inula racemosa, the highest percentage (91.08%) of viable pollens indicates a normal meiosis, whereas Ephedra gerardiana recorded the lowest percentage. Among the chosen species, Inula racemosa, Verbascumthapsus, Hyoscyamus niger, and Dracocephalum heterophyllum stand out for their exceptional pollen viability. These species can be effectively utilized for conservation purposes and as male parents in hybridization. The result for the average pollen density varied from 1533.07 ± 106.32 in Capparis spinosa L. to 276.00 ± 10.20 in Dracocephalum heterophyllum.
Unearthing the hidden dangers by soil borne diseases of nursery plants: A review
Authors: Longjam Reji , Kotiyal Amit , Johar Vishal
Published: September 2024

In agricultural production, soil transmitted diseases pose significant challenges, resulting in reduced crop productivity, increased production costs, and diminished yields. Environmental factors such as excessive moisture and nitrogen availability can give birth to and facilitate the spread of soil-borne diseases. Agricultural production can be significantly hindered by soilborne illnesses, particularly in the context of nursery operations. Even when employing conventional methods, they often provide challenges in terms of management. Furthermore, apart from viruses and plant parasitic nematodes, soil transmitted diseases can also be caused by fungal and bacterial pathogens, including oomycete and plasmodiophorid. Major soilborne fungal infections include the species Rhizoctonia, Sclerotinia, Fusarium, and Verticillium. Oomycete pathogens, namely Phytophthora and Pythium, play a vital role. Resilient continuation structures such as chlamydospores, melanized hyphae, sclerotia, and oospores enable many soil-borne fungus to retain soil for extended durations. Ralstonia, Pectobacterium, Agrobacterium, and Streptomyces are important soil-dwelling bacterial pathogens. Soil-borne diseases often endure for an extended period on the biological remains of the host plant, either as organic matter within the soil or as autonomous organisms. Different soil parameters, such as soil texture, type, moisture, pH, temperature, ecology, and nutrient levels, influence the activity of soil-borne diseases. This review article provides a concise overview of the primary soil borne pathogens, diseases, management strategies, and approaches to soil borne diseases in large-scale crop production. This includes the system-based application of asepsis practices, legal techniques, anaerobic soil disinfestation, resistant cultivars and varieties, grafting, soil solarization, bio fumigants, soil amendments, soil steam sterilization, plant nutrients, soil fertility, soilless culture, and biological and chemical control.
Efficacy of nitrogen and Azolla spp. on growth and yield of black rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Puladas Shiny Sharone , Singh Shikha , Nawhal Anu , Sanjeev Kancharla Cris John , Minz Namrata
Published: September 2024

An experimental field study was carried out in the Kharif season of 2023 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P.). The experimental replications were conducted using a Randomized Block Design, with three levels of Nitrogen (0, 60, 90kg N/ha) and Azolla spp. (2, 4, 6t/ha), and one Control (NPK 120:60:60 kg/ha). In all, there were a total of ten treatments, each reproduced three times. The tested field had sandy loam soil texture with a neutral soil pH of 7.6, low organic carbon content of 0.372%, nitrogen content of 278.4 kg/ha, phosphorous content of 29.5 kg/ha, and potassium level of 217.3 kg/ha. The experimental results showed that treatment T₉ obtained significantly higher plant height (107.77 cm), dry weight (66.05 g), crop growth rate (57.27 g/m2/day), relative growth rate (0.0279 g/g/day), highest number of tillers per hill (22.07), panicles per m2 (282), test weight (15.23 g), grain yield (3.67 t/ha), stover yield (6.7 t/ha), and harvest index (35.74%). Transplanted Black Rice of variety BPT-2841 exhibited significantly greater maximum gross return (1,80,551.40 INR/ha), net return (1,05,496.30 INR/ha), and B:C ratio (1.41) in treatment T9. The investigation concludes that Nitrogen, being easily transportable in soil and plants, is a constituent of amino acids, nucleic acids, chlorophyll, enzymes, and hormones. These factors are essential in plant physiology and are associated with increased tillering, biomass production, protein synthesis, grain filling, yield, and quality. The availability, absorption, and utilization of nitrogen have a significant impact on these processes. Therefore, in the present experiment, the nitrogen requirements are met by applying 90kg of nitrogen through urea combined with 6t/ha of Azolla spp. This approach revealed superior performance in terms of both crop yield and economic returns .
Effect of phosphorus and micronutrients on growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Minz Namrata , Singh Karishma , Dawson Joy
Published: September 2024

An experiment was conducted at the Crop Research Farm (CRF), Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj, U.P, India, during the Kharif season of 2023. The experiment was replicated three times according to a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with ten treatments. Three different concentrations of phosphorus (40, 50, and 60 kg/ha) and micronutrients (0.5% FeSO4, 0.5% ZnSO4, and 0.2% Borax) were administered as a topical spray to the leaves. A control group was treated with a mixture of 20:60:40 kg N:P:K/ha. Phosphorus application at a rate of 60 kg/ha and foliar spray of ZnSO₄ at 0.5% (treatment 8) resulted in the highest plant dry weight of 35.54 g, crop growth rate of 25.14 g/m²/day, number of pods per plant of 21.50, number of kernels per pod of 2.13, highest test weight of 365.33 g, seed yield of 3552.10 kg/ha, and B:C ratio of 2.43. The effect of applying a higher quantity of phosphorus, specifically 60 kg/ha, together with a foliar spray of ZnSO₄ at 0.5%, on the growth and yield of groundnut was found to be superior compared to the control treatment.
Priming techniques for sustainable Agro-Ecological system and abiotic stress mollification: A Review
Authors: Pulivathi Jeeshitha , Masih Sam A. , Maxton Ann
Published: September 2024

Abiotic stress refers to the diverse range of environmental challenges that plants encounter. Environmental stressors such as salt, temperature, nutritional deprivation, and heavy metal toxicity can lead to problems in the functioning of seedling adaption systems. Furthermore, they can hinder the formation of plumules and radicles in seedlings, as well as their subsequent development and growth, both of which can lead to reduced crop production. Soil salinity poses a significant challenge to global food supply since salt stress dominates as a primary determinant constraining agricultural productivity. By the year 2050, it is projected that drought stress will result in a 50% reduction in global productivity. Multiple methodologies, including biotechnological approaches, conventional breeding methods, conservative breeding, agronomical approaches, and priming techniques, have shown effectiveness in reducing the negative impacts of abiotic stress and adapting to its severe conditions. The use of seed priming treatments regulates the production of antioxidants and promotes the accumulation of osmolytes to mitigate the negative consequences of various abiotic stress responses. When subjected to abiotic stress, crop plants cultivated from primed seeds respond rapidly at the cellular level. The major emphasis of this review is on the impact of abiotic stress on plant physiology and productivity, strategies for its management, and possible solutions. Furthermore, it explores several methods of priming, namely bio priming with PGPR, a biological technique that entails the introduction of bacteria.