bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovative Education and Training in high power laser plasmas (PowerLaPs) for plasma physics, high power laser–matter interactions and high energy density physics – theory and experiments
Authors: Pasley John , Andrianaki Georgia , Baroutsos Andreas , Batani Dimitri , Benis Emmanouil P. , Borghesi Marco , Clark Eugene , Cook Donna , D’Humieres Emmanuel , Dimitriou Vasilios , Dromey Brendan , Ehret Michael , Fitilis Ioannis , Grigoriadis Anastasios , Kar Satya , Kaselouris Evaggelos , Klimo Ondrej , Koenig Michel , Kosma Kyriaki , Koundourakis George , Kucharik Milan , Lavery Aveen , Limpouch Jiri , Orphanos Yannis , Papadogiannis Nektarios A. , Petrakis Stelios , Riley Dave , Serena Rivetta Maria , Tejada Pascual Laura , Jorge Santos João , Skoulakis Alexandros , Tazes Ioannis , Tikhonchuk Vladimir , Trela Jocelain , Tsitou Calliope , Volpe Luca , White Steven , Yeung Mark , Tatarakis Michael
Published: April 2019

The Erasmus Plus programme ‘Innovative Education and Training in high power laser plasmas’, otherwise known as PowerLaPs, is described. The PowerLaPs programme employs an innovative paradigm in that it is a multi-centre programme where teaching takes place in five separate institutes with a range of different aims and styles of delivery. The ‘in class’ time is limited to four weeks a year, and the programme spans two years. PowerLaPs aims to train students from across Europe in theoretical, applied and laboratory skills relevant to the pursuit of research in laser–plasma interaction physics and inertial confinement fusion (ICF). Lectures are intermingled with laboratory sessions and continuous assessment activities. The programme, which is led by workers from the Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete, and supported by co-workers from the Queen’s University Belfast, the University of Bordeaux, the Czech Technical University in Prague, Ecole Polytechnique, the University of Ioannina, the University of Salamanca and the University of York, has just completed its first year. Thus far three Learning Teaching Training (LTT) activities have been held, at the Queen’s University Belfast, the University of Bordeaux and the Centre for Plasma Physics and Lasers (CPPL) of TEI Crete. The last of these was a two-week long Intensive Programme (IP), while the activities at the other two universities were each five days in length. Thus far work has concentrated upon training in both theoretical and experimental work in plasma physics, high power laser–matter interactions and high energy density physics. The nature of the programme will be described in detail and some metrics relating to the activities carried out to date will be presented.
Report of the Secretariat on Introduction from the Sea of Sei Whales (Balaenoptera Borealis) by Japan (CITES)
Authors: Rothwell Donald R.
Published: April 2019

On August 24, 2018, the secretariat of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) released its report and recommendations on its review of the introduction from the sea of sei whales (Balaenoptera Borealis) by Japan. The report was prepared by the secretariat under CITES Article XIII for consideration at the 70th meeting of the CITES Standing Committee, which met in Sochi, Russian Federation, from October 1 to 5, 2018.
A new insight into understanding the Crow and Champagne preferred mode: a numerical study
Authors: Boguslawski A. , Wawrzak K. , Tyliszczak A.
Published: April 2019

The paper presents a new insight into understanding a mechanism to trigger the Crow and Champagne preferred mode. It is shown on the basis of numerical simulations that the preferred mode is established as a result of nonlinear interactions of primary structures generated by the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. These interactions form larger coherent vortices characterized with frequency equal to half of the frequency of the primary perturbation. The paper shows that the shear-layer thickness at the nozzle exit constitutes a key parameter that influences significantly the jet response to an external forcing. The simulations were performed for jets with different shear-layer thicknesses. For the thicker shear layer the classical Kelvin–Helmholtz instability is observed. In this case the jet response to an external varicose forcing seems to be very similar to the experimental results of Crow and Champagne. The results presented shed new light on the preferred mode and the frequency selection mechanism confirming the suggestion of Crow and Champagne that nonlinearity is responsible for the preferred frequency. Significantly different results were obtained for a jet characterized by a thin shear layer. In this case the jet could be introduced into a self-sustained regime. External forcing with a frequency equal to the frequency of the natural self-sustained mode or with its subharmonic has practically no effect on the jet dynamics. The jet response to the forcing with frequencies different from the natural one depends on the forcing amplitude. A weak forcing disturbs the self-sustained mode leading to an interaction of two different modes that is observed in spectra with many frequencies related to both the self-sustained mode and the oscillations triggered by forcing. A stronger forcing suppresses the self-sustained mode and only the frequency components related to the stimulation are observed in the spectra. A mechanism responsible for the jet response to an external forcing under the self-sustained regime has not been extensively studied so far and a full understanding of these phenomena needs further studies and careful analysis.
‘The founders of a European era’? The Fascist and Falangist plans for Italy and Spain in the new Nazi order
Authors: Priorelli Giorgia
Published: April 2019

At the dawn of the Second World War, the successes of the Axis seemed to herald the realisation of a new anti-Bolshevik and anti-democratic European order dominated by Nazi-fascist powers. Italian Fascists and Spanish Falangists enthusiastically welcomed plans for the ‘new civilisation’ in which they were determined to participate as protagonists. This article sheds light on the roles projected for the respective countries in the New European Order in the postwar period, according to the black and the blue shirts. It also investigates the ideological and cultural foundations of the Fascist and Falangist projects related to the new continental configuration, identifying similarities and differences between them. Considering the scarcity of comparative writings about fascist movements in the Mediterranean area, the present research fills a historiographic gap.
A theoretical and empirical comparison of the temporal exponential random graph model and the stochastic actor-oriented model
Authors: Leifeld Philip , Cranmer Skyler J.
Published: April 2019

The temporal exponential random graph model (TERGM) and the stochastic actor-oriented model (SAOM, e.g., SIENA) are popular models for longitudinal network analysis. We compare these models theoretically, via simulation, and through a real-data example in order to assess their relative strengths and weaknesses. Though we do not aim to make a general claim about either being superior to the other across all specifications, we highlight several theoretical differences the analyst might consider and find that with some specifications, the two models behave very similarly, while each model out-predicts the other one the more the specific assumptions of the respective model are met.
Does Unusual News Forecast Market Stress?
Authors: Glasserman Paul , Mamaysky Harry
Published: April 2019

An increase in “unusual” news with negative sentiment predicts an increase in stock market volatility. Unusual positive news forecasts lower volatility. Our analysis is based on over 360,000 articles on 50 large financial companies, published during the period of 1996–2014. Unusualness interacted with sentiment forecasts company-specific and aggregate volatility several months ahead. Furthermore, unusual news is reflected more slowly in aggregate volatility than company-specific volatility. News measures from articles explicitly about the “market,” which are more easily accessible to investors, do not forecast volatility. The observed responses of volatility to news may be explained by attention constraints on investors.
L’âge d’or de l’aristocratie celtique, IVeet IIIesiècles av. J.-C.
Authors: Buchsenschutz Olivier , Gruel Katherine , Lejars Thierry
Published: April 2019

L’extension celtique trouve son apogée aux IVeet IIIesiècles avant J.-C. avec la conquête de nouveaux territoires aux marges des mondes romain et hellénistique. Cette période est souvent négligée par les historiens parce qu’on n’en retient que les raids des barbares ou le mercenariat qui trouve son apogée au IVesiècle, mais pas les mouvements de colonisation. De plus la société celtique de cette époque se démarque radicalement des cultures méditerranéennes. Les importations sont beaucoup plus rares qu’aux siècles précédents, les tentatives d’urbanisation abandonnées. Le monde celtique devient résolument rural, l’artisanat, l’habitat, les sanctuaires sont dispersés dans les campagnes. L’art et la religion prennent des formes originales et cohérentes au-delà des variations locales. C’est une société de paysans et de guerriers, dominée par de grandes familles aristocratiques.
Emperors on thin ice: three years of breeding failure at Halley Bay
Authors: Fretwell Peter T. , Trathan Philip N.
Published: April 2019

Satellite imagery is used to show that the world's second largest emperor penguin colony, at Halley Bay, has suffered three years of almost total breeding failure. Although, like all emperor colonies, there has been large inter-annual variability in the breeding success at this site, the prolonged period of failure is unprecedented in the historical record. The observed events followed the early breakup of the fast ice in the ice creeks that the birds habitually used for breeding. The initial breakup was associated with a particularly stormy period in September 2015, which corresponded with the strongest El Niño in over 60 years, strong winds, and a record low sea-ice year locally. Conditions have not recovered in the two years since. Meanwhile, during the same three-year period, the nearby Dawson-Lambton colony, 55 km to the south, has seen a more than tenfold increase in penguin numbers. The authors associate this with immigration from the birds previously breeding at Halley Bay. Studying this ‘tale of two cities’ provides valuable information relevant to modelling penguin movement under future climate change scenarios.
Re-thinking unmet need for health care: introducing a dynamic perspective
Authors: Smith Samantha , Connolly Sheelah
Published: April 2019

There is an increasing interest in assessing unmet need for health care services particularly in European countries. Despite this there has been relatively little analysis of unmet need in the European or wider international setting. It remains a challenge to pin down what types of unmet need can and should be addressed by health care policymakers, and how to go about identifying and quantifying those unmet needs. The objective of this paper is to propose a new way of thinking about unmet need for health care which can in turn guide analysis of unmet need in terms of potential data sources and analytic approaches. Unmet need is shown to be a complex multi-faceted concept that cannot be captured by a single indicator or measurement. To advance the literature in this field, this paper considers what happens to unmet need over time. By introducing a dynamic perspective, three alternative trajectories for health care needs are outlined: non-use of health care, delayed use of health care and sub-optimal use of health care. These trajectories are discussed with a view to improving the focus, and policy applicability, of empirical research in this field.
Cancer Incidence and Mortality in 260,000 Nordic Twins With 30,000 Prospective Cancers
Authors: Skytthe Axel , Harris Jennifer R. , Czene Kamila , Mucci Lorelei , Adami Hans-Olov , Christensen Kaare , Hjelmborg Jacob , Holm Niels V. , Nilsen Thomas S. , Kaprio Jaakko , Pukkala Eero
Published: April 2019

The Nordic countries have comprehensive, population-based health and medical registries linkable on individually unique personal identity codes, enabling complete long-term follow-up. The aims of this study were to describe the NorTwinCan cohort established in 2010 and assess whether the cancer mortality and incidence rates among Nordic twins are similar to those in the general population. We analyzed approximately 260,000 same-sexed twins in the nationwide twin registers in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Cancer incidence was determined using follow-up through the national cancer registries. We estimated standardized incidence (SIR) and mortality (SMR) ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) across country, age, period, follow-up time, sex and zygosity. More than 30,000 malignant neoplasms have occurred among the twins through 2010. Mortality rates among twins were slightly lower than in the general population (SMR 0.96; CI 95% [0.95, 0.97]), but this depends on information about zygosity. Twins have slightly lower cancer incidence rates than the general population, with SIRs of 0.97 (95% CI [0.96, 0.99]) in men and 0.96 (95% CI [0.94, 0.97]) in women. Testicular cancer occurs more often among male twins than singletons (SIR 1.15; 95% CI [1.02, 1.30]), while cancers of the kidney (SIR 0.82; 95% CI [0.76, 0.89]), lung (SIR 0.89; 95% CI [0.85, 0.92]) and colon (SIR 0.90; 95% CI [0.87, 0.94]) occur less often in twins than in the background population. Our findings indicate that the risk of cancer among twins is so similar to the general population that cancer risk factors and estimates of heritability derived from the Nordic twin registers are generalizable to the background populations.
Ground Motion Residuals, Path Effects, and Crustal Properties: A Pilot Study in Southern California
Authors: Sahakian V. J. , Baltay A. , Hanks T. C. , Buehler J. , Vernon F. L. , Kilb D. , Abrahamson N. A.
Published: April 2019

To improve models of ground motion estimation and probabilistic seismic hazard analyses, the engineering seismology field is moving toward developing fully nonergodic ground motion models, models specific for individual source‐to‐site paths. Previous work on this topic has examined systematic variations in ground‐motion along particular paths (from either recorded or simulated earthquake data) and has not included physical properties of the path. We present here a framework to include physical path properties, by seeking correlations between ground motion amplitudes along specific paths and crustal properties, specifically seismic velocity and anelastic attenuation, along that path. Using a large data set of small‐magnitude earthquakes recorded in Southern California, we find a correlation between the gradient of seismic S wave velocity and the path term residual, after accounting for an average geometric spreading and anelastic attenuation, indicating that heterogeneity in crustal velocity primarily controls the path‐specific attenuation. Even in aseismic regions, details of path‐specific ground motion prediction equations can be developed from crustal structure and property data.
Seamount‐Volcanic Island Transition and Evolution From Fissural to Central Activity Inferred by the Magnetic Modeling of Salina Island (Tyrrhenian Sea)
Authors: Cocchi Luca , De Ritis Riccardo , Casalbore Daniele , Romagnoli Claudia , Lucchi Federico , Tranne Claudio Antonio , Ventura Guido
Published: April 2019

Volcanic islands represent the later stage of an early submarine volcanic activity and show different morphologies reflecting the geometry of shallow plumbing systems, magma output rate, gravitational instability, and erosive phases. Two end‐member morphologies may be recognized: (a) rift‐like elongated edifices and ‘stellate’ volcanoes and (b) cone‐shaped, central‐type volcanoes. While the evolution from early conical shapes to stellate shapes is relatively well known, the reverse is less constrained, commonly lacking geophysical and geological data to support it. We present magnetic forward and 3‐D inverse models of the volcanic island of Salina (244‐15 ka; Aeolian Arc, Southern Tyrrhenian Sea) to characterize its shallow plumbing system. The detected magnetic sources are interpreted as the crystallized portions of dykes and vertical conduits. The dykes mainly characterize the offshore of Salina Island, whereas subcircular conduits are located onshore. The results show that the early, mainly submarine phases of Salina concentrated along dykes following weakness zones of tectonic significance. As the volcanism proceeded, the subaerial activity focused on two main cone‐shaped stratovolcanoes (Monte Fossa delle Felci and Monte dei Porri). The intersections among dykes and the progressive loading of volcanic products during the early growth of Salina are responsible for the transition from an early fissural basaltic activity to a later, basaltic to a last, more evolved central‐type volcanism. We conclude that intrusions along pre‐existing tectonic structures, dyke intersections, and loading processes related to the formation of a volcanic pile regulate the morphology and structural evolution of volcanic islands from the early, submarine phase to the later subaerial activity.
Pore‐scale Study of Ion Transport Mechanisms in Inhomogeneously Charged Nanoporous Rocks: Impacts of Interface Properties on Macroscopic Transport
Authors: Alizadeh Amer , Jin Xu , Wang Moran
Published: April 2019

The electrokinetic transport mechanisms of multispecies ions through 3‐D nanoporous rocks with chemical reaction at the solid‐aqueous solution interfaces are investigated. We systematically study the multiphysics transport phenomena by considering either inhomogeneous (local surface charge based on local pH and ion concentrations) or prescribed homogeneous surface charge at solid‐aqueous solution interface while the pores are screened via electric double layers. We develop a lattice Boltzmann numerical framework to solve the set of governing equations (Poisson‐Nernst‐Planck plus Navier–Stokes). Our modeling results reveal that the averaged local electric potential of the nanoporous rock is significantly underestimated (about 83%) when a homogeneous surface charge is prescribed based on the bulk solution properties. It is shown that increasing the porosity of the nanoporous media considerably increases the absolute values and inhomogeneity of the surface charge, which means that while the electric double layers screened the pores, increasing the porosity enhances the ion selectivity of the porous medium. When the scenario with inhomogeneous charge is taken into account, the predicted electroosmotic permeability and tortuosity are higher in comparison with the prescribed homogeneous case. Moreover, we have studied the electrostatic tortuosity, coupling coefficient, and the effective excess charge density of the nanoporous rocks. The results demonstrate that ignoring the inhomogeneity of surface charges may cause erroneous prediction of the ion transport through porous rocks with chemically active surfaces.
Geomagnetically Conjugate Observations of Equatorial Plasma Irregularities From Swarm Constellation and Ground‐Based GPS Stations
Authors: Luo Xiaomin , Xiong Chao , Gu Shengfeng , Lou Yidong , Stolle Claudia , Wan Xin , Liu Kangkang , Song Weiwei
Published: April 2019

The near‐polar orbit satellites of Swarm mission provide a good opportunity to investigate the conjugacy of equatorial plasma irregularities (EPIs) since their trajectories at low latitudes are basically aligned with fixed geographical longitude. However, the Swarm in situ electron density occasionally shows EPIs at only one hemisphere at this longitude. In this study, we provide detailed analysis of such EPI events from the in situ electron densities and onboard global positioning system (GPS) measurements of Swarm low pair satellites, and simultaneous GPS data from two geomagnetically conjugate ground stations at the Africa longitudes. The result indicates that when Swam in situ electron density sometime shows EPIs at only one hemisphere, the GPS scintillations are still observed from the Swarm onboard receiver and by the two conjugate ground stations. It implies that the EPIs should generally elongate along the geomagnetic flux tube. More than two‐year statistic results show that the onset time of scintillation in the northern station is on average 16 and 18 min earlier than that in the southern station for September equinox and December solstice in 2015, while for March equinox in 2016 the onset time of scintillation of northern station is about 11 min later than that of southern station, which indicates the asymmetry features of EPIs along the flux tube. Further analysis of nearly three‐year GPS data from two conjugate stations at the Asia longitudes, we find that during solar maximum years the local sunset time plays an important role for causing the difference of onset time of scintillation between two conjugate stations.
Yield Estimates for the Six North Korean Nuclear Tests From TeleseismicPWave Modeling and Intercorrelation ofPandPnRecordings
Authors: Voytan Dimitri P. , Lay Thorne , Chaves Esteban J. , Ohman John T.
Published: April 2019

The yields of the six declared underground nuclear tests at the North Korean test site are estimated using high‐frequency teleseismicPwave amplitude modeling and waveform equalization of short‐period teleseismicPwaves and regionalPnsignals. Average amplitudes of the first cycle of high‐frequency (>4 Hz) filteredPwave displacements for each event, adjusted for station sampling relative to the 3 September 2017 event, are modeled using Mueller‐Murphy explosion source models for granite and a constant‐Qattenuation operator witht* = 0.78 ± 0.03 s. The yield estimates range from 2.6 to 230 kt. Intercorrelation, a waveform equalization procedure that accounts for source function and depth‐phase variations between events, is applied to large sets of filtered (>0.8 Hz) teleseismicPand regionalPnseismograms. Searching over yield and burial depth for both events gives optimal parameters by simultaneous waveform equalization of multiple stations. Using specified burial depths spanning from 430 to 710 m for all events based on estimated locations in the source topography assuming tunneling with 4% grade, along with allowing for reduction in source region velocity due to weathering, rock layering, and damage zones, gives yield estimates ranging from 1.4 to 250 kt. Comparison of predicted and observed spectral ratios ofPnphases at station MDJ establishes that these source models are reasonable. Using the preferred yield estimates from intercorrelation,WIC, a yield‐calibrated relation ofmbNEIC= 0.9 log10WIC + 4.13 is determined for the North Korean test site.
Correction: Long-term in situ permafrost thaw effects on bacterial communities and potential aerobic respiration
Authors: Monteux Sylvain , Weedon James T , Blume-Werry Gesche , Gavazov Konstantin , Jassey Vincent E J , Johansson Margareta , Keuper Frida , Olid Carolina , Dorrepaal Ellen
Published: April 2019

Since the publication of the original article, the authors noticed some errors in reference citation had been introduced throughout the paper. The following text contains excerpts from the original article and how they should appear with correct referencing. The publisher apologises for any inconvenience this has caused readers.
RNA viruses promote activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome through cytopathogenic effect-induced potassium efflux
Authors: da Costa Leandro Silva , Outlioua Ahmed , Anginot Adrienne , Akarid Khadija , Arnoult Damien
Published: April 2019

Early detection of viruses by the innate immune system is crucial for host defense. The NLRP3 inflammasome, through activation of caspase-1, promotes the maturation of IL-1β and IL-18, which are critical for antiviral immunity and inflammatory response. However, the mechanism by which viruses activate this inflammasome is still debated. Here, we report that the replication of cytopathogenic RNA viruses such as vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) or encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) induced a lytic cell death leading to potassium efflux, the common trigger of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. This lytic cell death was not prevented by a chemical or genetic inhibition of apoptosis, pyroptosis, or necroptosis but required the viral replication. Hence, the viruses that stimulated type I IFNs production after their sensing did not activate NLRP3 inflammasome due to an inhibition of their replication. In contrast, NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by RNA virus infection was stimulated in IFNAR-deficient or MAVS-deficient cells consequently to an increased viral replication and ensuing lytic cell death. Therefore, in a context of inefficient IFN response, viral replication-induced lytic cell death activates of the NLRP3 inflammasome to fight against infection.
The PAX6-ZEB2 axis promotes metastasis and cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung cancer through PI3K/AKT signaling
Authors: Wu Dong-ming , Zhang Ting , Liu Ya-bin , Deng Shi-hua , Han Rong , Liu Teng , Li Jing , Xu Ying
Published: April 2019

Paired-box 6 (PAX6) is an important transcription factor required for the function of human neuroectodermal epithelial tissues. Previous studies have suggested that it is also expressed in several types of tumors and has an oncogenic role. However, little is known about its role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we found that PAX6 expression levels were upregulated in human lung cancer tissues and correlated with poor clinical outcomes. PAX6 overexpression significantly promoted NSCLC epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis, whereas its knockdown inhibited these processes. PAX6 is commonly correlated with EMT-mediated stem cell transformation, thereby inducing cisplatin resistance. Using the RT2 Profiler PCR Array, we found that WNT5A, EGFR, and ZEB2 were differentially regulated in response to PAX6 modulation. In addition, PAX6 directly bound to the promoter region of ZEB2. ZEB2 knockdown significantly reduced the expression and function of PAX6. ZEB2 was upregulated upon PAX6 overexpression and downregulated upon PAX6 knockdown, whereas E-cadherin expression negatively correlated with PAX6 levels. Moreover, p-PI3K and p-AKT were significantly enhanced by PAX6, which was reversed by the addition of the PI3K-AKT inhibitor, LY294002. These data suggest that PAX6 can mediate E-cadherin downregulation through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by directly binding the promoter region of ZEB2, thereby mediating cell migration, stem cell transformation, and cisplatin resistance; and ultimately, affecting survival in NSCLC patients.
Anti-IL-6 eluting immunomodulatory biomaterials prolong skin allograft survival
Authors: Uehara Mayuko , Li Xiaofei , Sheikhi Amir , Zandi Nooshin , Walker Brian , Saleh Bahram , Banouni Naima , Jiang Liwei , Ordikhani Farideh , Dai Li , Yonar Merve , Vohra Ishaan , Kasinath Vivek , Orgill Dennis P. , Khademhosseini Ali , Annabi Nasim , Abdi Reza
Published: April 2019

A primary goal in the management of burn wounds is early wound closure. The use of skin allografts represents a lifesaving strategy for severe burn patients, but their ultimate rejection limits their potential efficacy and utility. IL-6 is a major pleiotropic cytokine which critically links innate and adaptive immune responses. Here, we devised anti-IL-6 receptor eluting gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) biomaterials (GelMA/anti-IL-6), which were implanted at the interface between the wound beds and skin allografts. Our visible light crosslinked GelMA/anti-IL-6 immunomodulatory biomaterial (IMB) demonstrated a stable kinetic release profile of anti-IL-6. In addition, the incorporation of anti-IL-6 within the GelMA hydrogel had no effect on the mechanical properties of the hydrogels. Using a highly stringent skin transplant model, the GelMA/anti-IL-6 IMB almost doubled the survival of skin allografts. The use of GelMA/anti-IL-6 IMB was far superior to systemic anti-IL-6 receptor treatment in prolonging skin allograft survival. As compared to the untreated control group, skin from the GelMA/anti-IL-6 IMB group contained significantly fewer alloreactive T cells and macrophages. Interestingly, the environmental milieu of the draining lymph nodes (DLNs) of the mice implanted with the GelMA/anti-IL-6 IMB was also considerably less pro-inflammatory. The percentage of CD4+ IFNγ+ cells was much lower in the DLNs of the GelMA/anti-IL-6 IMB group in comparison to the GelMA group. These data highlight the importance of localized immune delivery in prolonging skin allograft survival and its potential utility in treating patients with severe burns.
Author Correction: Doxorubicin Conjugated to Immunomodulatory Anticancer Lactoferrin Displays Improved Cytotoxicity Overcoming Prostate Cancer Chemo resistance and Inhibits Tumour Development in TRAMP Mice
Authors: Shankaranarayanan Jayanth Suryanarayanan , Kanwar Jagat R. , AL-Juhaishi Afrah Jalil Abd , Kanwar Rupinder K.
Published: April 2019

A correction has been published and is appended to both the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
A new caudipterid from the Lower Cretaceous of China with information on the evolution of the manus of Oviraptorosauria
Authors: Qiu Rui , Wang Xiaolin , Wang Qiang , Li Ning , Zhang Jialiang , Ma Yiyun
Published: April 2019

Caudipteridae is a basal clade of Oviraptorosauria, all known species from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota of northeastern China. They were one of the first feathered dinosaur groups discovered, and possessed avian-like pennaceous remiges and rectrices. Their discovery provided significant information on early oviraptorosaurian evolution and the origins of birds and feathers. Here we describe a new caudipterid species Xingtianosaurus ganqi gen. et sp. nov. from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, China. This new taxon differs from other caudipterids by a small pleurocoel close to the dorsal edge of the lateral surface of the dorsal vertebrate centrum, a humerus longer than the scapula, a proportionally long ulna, a relatively small radiale angle, and a relatively short metacarpal I. The phylogenetic results shows X. ganqi is an early diverging caudipterid. It exhibits a mosaic morphology, providing new morphological information on early manual evolution of Oviraptorosauria, and giving new light on the evolution of radiale angle among Coelurosauria.
Author Correction: Diversity in gut bacterial community of school-age children in Asia
Authors: Nakayama Jiro , Watanabe Koichi , Jiang Jiahui , Matsuda Kazunori , Chao Shiou-Huei , Haryono Pri , La-ongkham Orawan , Sarwoko Martinus-Agus , Sujaya I. Nengah , Zhao Liang , Chen Kang-Ting , Chen Yen-Po , Chiu Hsueh-Hui , Hidaka Tomoko , Huang Ning-Xin , Kiyohara Chikako , Kurakawa Takashi , Sakamoto Naoshige , Sonomoto Kenji , Tashiro Kousuke , Tsuji Hirokazu , Chen Ming-Ju , Leelavatcharamas Vichai , Liao Chii-Cherng , Nitisinprasert Sunee , Rahayu Endang S. , Ren Fa-Zheng , Tsai Ying-Chieh , Lee Yuan-Kun
Published: April 2019

A correction has been published and is appended to both the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Warmer waters masculinize wild populations of a fish with temperature-dependent sex determination
Authors: Honeycutt J. L. , Deck C. A. , Miller S. C. , Severance M. E. , Atkins E. B. , Luckenbach J. A. , Buckel J. A. , Daniels H. V. , Rice J. A. , Borski R. J. , Godwin J.
Published: April 2019

Southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) exhibit environmental sex determination (ESD), where environmental factors can influence phenotypic sex during early juvenile development but only in the presumed XX female genotype. Warm and cold temperatures masculinize fish with mid-range conditions producing at most 50% females. Due to sexually dimorphic growth, southern flounder fisheries are dependent upon larger females. Wild populations could be at risk of masculinization from ESD due to globally increasing water temperatures. We evaluated the effects of habitat and temperature on wild populations of juvenile southern flounder in North Carolina, USA. While northern habitats averaged temperatures near 23 °C and produced the greatest proportion of females, more southerly habitats exhibited warmer temperatures (>27 °C) and consistently produced male-biased sex ratios (up to 94% male). Rearing flounder in the laboratory under temperature regimes mimicking those of natural habitats recapitulated sex ratio differences observed across the wild populations, providing strong evidence that temperature is a key factor influencing sex ratios in nursery habitats. These studies provide evidence of habitat conditions interacting with ESD to affect a key demographic parameter in an economically important fishery. The temperature ranges that yield male-biased sex ratios are within the scope of predicted increases in ocean temperature under climate change.
Acute intraperitoneal infection with a hypervirulent Acinetobacter baumannii isolate in mice
Authors: Harris Greg , KuoLee Rhonda , Xu H. Howard , Chen Wangxue
Published: April 2019

Acinetobacter baumannii infection has become a major cause of healthcare-associated infection and a critical pathogen in the WHO antimicrobial resistance research and development priority list. Catheter-related septicemia is one of the major clinical manifestations of A. baumannii infection associated with high morbidity and mortality. In this study, we used a clinical A. baumannii strain (LAC-4) that is hypervirulent to immunocompetent C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice and established a mouse model of intraperitoneal (i.p.) A. baumannii infection. Our study showed that i.p. LAC-4 infection of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice induces a lethal or sublethal infection with high bacterial burdens in peritoneal cavity, blood and tissues and the infected mice either succumbed to the infection within 24 hours or completely recovered from the infection. The infection induces acute peritoneal recruitment of neutrophils and other innate immune cells, and the local and systemic production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines (IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, TNF-α, RANTES, MIP-1β, MCP-1, KC and IL-10). Mechanistic studies suggest an important role of macrophages in the host innate defense in this model in that in vitro stimulation of peritoneal macrophages with killed LAC-4 induced a similar pattern of cytokine/chemokine responses to those in the infected mice, and depletion of peritoneal macrophages rendered the mice significantly more susceptible to the infection. Thus, this mouse infection model will provide an alternative and useful tool for future pathogenesis studies of A. baumannii-associated septicemia and identification and characterization of important virulence factors, as well as serve as a surrogate model for rapid evaluation of novel therapeutics and vaccines for this emerging infectious agent.
Near-infrared fluorescence probe for hydrogen peroxide detection: design, synthesis, and application in living systems
Authors: Zhang Jiahang , Shi Liang , Li Zhao , Li Dongyu , Tian Xinwei , Zhang Chengxiao
Published: April 2019

A new near-infrared fluorescence off–on probe based on IR-780 was designed and applied to the imaging and detection of endogenous hydrogen peroxide in living HepG2 cells and mice.
Layer-by-layer construction of an oxygen-generating photo-responsive nanomedicine for enhanced photothermal and photodynamic combination therapy
Authors: Du Baoji , Zhang Weiqi , Tung Ching-Hsuan
Published: April 2019

A multi-layered nanomedicine was designed for synergized oxygen-enhanced photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy.
Hydrophobized nanocomposite hydrogel microspheres as particulate stabilizers for water-in-oil emulsions
Authors: Watanabe Takumi , Takizawa Masaya , Jiang Hang , Ngai To , Suzuki Daisuke
Published: April 2019

Hydrophobized nanocomposite microgels can serve as particulate emulsifiers for water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions with different types of oils, including non-polar oils, which usually do not form W/O emulsions with conventional microgels.
Phenyleneethynylene trimer-based rigid-flexible [2+2] macrocycles for nucleic acid labelling in live cells
Authors: Moon Joong Ho , Manandhar Prakash , Torabi Hooman , Rohman Md Rumum , Mathivathanan Logesh , Lee Ka Hung , Irle Stephan
Published: April 2019

Facile synthesis of phenyleneethynylene (PE) trimer-based macrocycles for efficient nucleic acid labeling in live cells is presented.
How well can we predict cluster fragmentation inside a mass spectrometer?
Authors: Passananti Monica , Zapadinsky Evgeni , Zanca Tommaso , Kangasluoma Juha , Myllys Nanna , Rissanen Matti P. , Kurtén Theo , Ehn Mikael , Attoui Michel , Vehkamäki Hanna
Published: April 2019

We measured the fragmentation of clusters inside an MS and we developed a model to describe and predict their fragmentation.
Mineralization of magnetic nano-tape in self-organized nanospace composed of nucleopeptides and peptides
Authors: Murai Kazuki , Inagaki Kaede , Hiraoka Chisato , Minoshima Sayaka , Kinoshita Takatoshi , Nagata Kenji , Higuchi Masahiro
Published: April 2019

Self-organization based on specific interactions has been actively studied for the formation of highly ordered and hierarchical structures on the molecular scale.
Calculation of apparent pKavalues of saturated fatty acids with different lengths in DOPC phospholipid bilayers
Authors: Škulj Sanja , Vazdar Mario
Published: April 2019

Apparent pKa,appvalues are calculated for saturated fatty acids of different length embedded in a DOPC bilayer.
Biopolymer monolith for protein purification
Authors: Miura Yoshiko , Seto Hirokazu , Shibuya Makoto , Hoshino Yu
Published: April 2019

Porous glycopolymers, “glycomonoliths”, were prepared by radical polymerization based on polymerization-induced phase separation with an acrylamide derivative of α-mannose, acrylamide and cross-linker in order to investigate protein adsorption and separation.
Kinetic and mechanistic insights into hydrogenolysis of lignin to monomers in a continuous flow reactor
Authors: Li Yanding , Demir Benginur , Vázquez Ramos Leida M. , Chen Mingjie , Dumesic James A. , Ralph John
Published: April 2019

Phenolic commodity chemicals were produced from lignin with high yield and selectivity in a flow reactor, valorizing the biorefinery process.
CdS nanodroplets over silica microballs for efficient room-temperature LPG detection
Authors: Saxena Nupur , Kumar Pragati , Gupta Vinay
Published: April 2019

An LPG sensor operating at RT was fabricated with the morphology of CdS nanodroplets over silica microballs.
Floral and lamellar europium(iii)-based metal–organic frameworks as high sensitivity luminescence sensors for acetone
Authors: Zhang Xiaoying , Kang Xiaoli , Cui Wen , Zhang Qing , Zheng Zhou , Cui Xudong
Published: April 2019

Floral Eu-BDC and lamellar Eu-BTC as high sensitivity luminescence sensor for acetone.
En route to terpene natural products utilizing supramolecular cyclase mimetics
Authors: Zhang Qi , Catti Lorenzo , Syntrivanis Leonidas-Dimitrios , Tiefenbacher Konrad
Published: April 2019

Recent progress and future challenges in the field of tail-to-head terpene cyclizations within supramolecular cyclase mimetics are summarized and discussed.
Rational design of drug delivery systems for potential programmable drug release and improved therapeutic effect
Authors: Ding Yuxun , Liu Jinjian , Li Xue , Xu Linlin , Li Chang , Ma Lin , Liu Jianfeng , Ma Rujiang , An Yingli , Huang Fan , Liu Yang , Shi Linqi
Published: April 2019

pH-Reduction dual responsive nanocarriers (DRNs) achieve programmable release of CA4 and CDDP in cancer therapy.
Counseling Competencies in Audiology: A Modified Delphi Study
Authors: Meibos Alex , Muñoz Karen , Twohig Michael
Published: April 2019

Purpose

Counseling practices in audiology play a critical role in helping patients and families understand, accept, and adjust to the dynamic impacts ear-related disorders have on their lives. The purpose of this study was to identify what competencies (i.e., knowledge, skills, and attitudes) are important for audiologists to possess to provide effective counseling in practice.

Method

A modified Delphi study design was used to survey a panel of 33 professionals with expertise in audiologic counseling from 5 different countries. In the 1st survey round, experts were asked to respond to 3 open-ended prompts. Responses were condensed and revised into items experts were asked to rate during the 2nd and 3rd survey rounds, on a 6-point Likert scale of importance.

Results

A total of 819 items were generated from the open-ended prompts. A total of 72 items were included in the 2nd and 3rd rounds of survey instruments. Consensus was met on 64 audiologic counseling competency items.

Conclusions

The competency items identified in this study reflect important knowledge, skills, and attitudes that are important to audiologic counseling. Items that met consensus in this study can inform competencies audiology students can acquire during graduate training. Practice guidelines in the field currently lack the necessary clarity and detail needed for implementation of counseling competencies in clinical education. Future research is needed to explore factors important for implementation of evidence-based counseling training in graduate audiology programs.
Singing Proficiency of Members of a Choir Formed by Prelingually Deafened Children With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Yang Jing , Liang Qi , Chen Haotong , Liu Yanjun , Xu Li
Published: April 2019

Purpose

A group of 10 prelingually deafened children with cochlear implants (CIs) formed a choir and received 21 months of formal music training. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the singing proficiency of these children.

Method

The participants included all choir members (7 girls and 3 boys, mean age of 9.5 years old) who were unilateral CI users. Meanwhile, 8 age-matched children with normal hearing were recruited as controls and were trained on 1 song for 2 weeks. Individual singing samples without instrument accompaniment were recorded from all participants. The singing samples were subject to acoustic analysis in which the fundamental frequency (F0) of each note was extracted and the duration was measured. Five metrics were developed and computed to quantify the accuracy of their pitch and rhythm performance. The 5 metrics included (a) percent correct of F0 contour direction of adjacent notes, (b) mean deviation of the normalized F0 across the notes, (c) mean deviation of the pitch intervals, (d) mean deviation of adjacent note duration ratio, and (e) mean absolute deviation of note duration.

Results

The choir members with CIs demonstrated high accuracy in both pitch and tempo measures and performed on par with the children with normal hearing. Early start of music training after implantation and use of bimodal hearing contributed to the development of better music ability in these children with CIs.

Conclusion

These findings indicated that rigorous music training could facilitate high singing proficiency in prelingually deafened children with CIs.
Language Ability and the Familiar Talker Advantage: Generalizing to Unfamiliar Talkers Is What Matters
Authors: Levi Susannah V. , Harel Daphna , Schwartz Richard G.
Published: April 2019

Purpose

Previous studies with children and adults have demonstrated a
familiar talker advantage
—better word recognition for familiar talkers. The goal of the current study was to test whether this phenomenon is modulated by a child's language ability.

Method

Sixty children with a range of language ability were trained to learn the voices of 3 foreign-accented, German–English bilingual talkers and received feedback about their performance. Both before and after this talker voice training, children completed a spoken word recognition task in which they heard consonant–vowel–consonant words mixed with noise that were spoken by the 3 familiarized talkers and by 3 unfamiliar German–English bilinguals.

Results

Two findings emerged from this study: First, children with both higher and lower language ability performed similarly on the familiarized talkers. Second, children with higher language scores performed similarly on both the familiarized and unfamiliar talkers, whereas children with lower language scores performed worse on the unfamiliar talkers compared to familiar talkers, suggesting an inability to generalize to novel, unfamiliar talkers who spoke with a similar accent.

Discussion

Together, these findings indicate that children with higher language scores are able to generalize knowledge about foreign-accented talkers to help spoken word recognition for novel talkers with the same accent. In contrast, children with lower language skills did not exhibit the same magnitude of generalization. This lack of generalization to similar talkers may mean that children with lower language skills are at a disadvantage in spoken language tasks because they are unable to process speech as well when listening to unfamiliar talkers.
Reference Values for Healthy Swallowing Across the Range From Thin to Extremely Thick Liquids
Authors: Steele Catriona M. , Peladeau-Pigeon Melanie , Barbon Carly A. E. , Guida Brittany T. , Namasivayam-MacDonald Ashwini M. , Nascimento Weslania V. , Smaoui Sana , Tapson Melanie S. , Valenzano Teresa J. , Waito Ashley A. , Wolkin Talia S.
Published: April 2019

Purpose

Thickened liquids are frequently used as an intervention for dysphagia, but gaps persist in our understanding of variations in swallowing behavior based on incremental thickening of liquids. The goal of this study was to establish reference values for measures of bolus flow and swallowing physiology in healthy adults across the continuum from thin to extremely thick liquids.

Method

A sex-balanced sample of 38 healthy adults underwent videofluoroscopy and swallowed 20% weight-to-volume concentration barium prepared in thin and slightly, mildly, moderately, and extremely thick consistencies using a xanthan gum thickener. Participants took comfortable sips and swallowed without a cue; sip volume was measured based on presip and postsip cup weights. A standard operating procedure (the ASPEKT method: Analysis of Swallowing Physiology: Events, Kinematics and Timing) was used to analyze videofluoroscopy recordings.

Results

The results clarify that, for thin liquid sips (10–14 ml), a single swallow without clearing swallows is typical and is characterized by complete laryngeal vestibule closure, complete pharyngeal constriction, and minimal postswallow residue. Aspiration was not seen, and penetration was extremely rare. Bolus position at swallow onset was variable, extending as low as the pyriform sinuses in 37% of cases. With thicker liquids, no changes in event sequencing, laryngeal vestibule closure, pharyngeal constriction, or postswallow residue were seen. The odds of penetration were significantly reduced. A longer timing interval until onset of the hyoid burst movement was seen, with an associated higher bolus position at swallow onset. Other timing measures remained unaffected by changes in bolus consistency.

Conclusion

The results include new reference data for swallowing in healthy adults across the range from thin to extremely thick liquids.
E‐band power detector with robust temperature performance in 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS
Authors: Wang Chen , Hou Debin , Chen Jixin , Hong Wei
Published: April 2019

This Letter presents an E‐band power detector (PD) for robust operation throughout a wide temperature range. The PD is fabricated in a commercial 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology with ft/fmax of 200/265 GHz. The relationship between responsivity of the PD and temperature was investigated. A set of target base bias voltages of the core heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) pair is deduced by simulating the PD circuit for an ideal constant responsivity over temperature. By means of fine control of the feedback resistor and HBT size of an improved current mirror, the bias voltages could be optimised to the target values. The measured detected RF power at 77 GHz exhibits <0.75 dB variation across − 40 to + 85°C, which is one of the lowest variation PDs in the published works. The PD consumes 2.5 mW from a 2.5 V supply and the core area is only 220 μm × 130 μm.