bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcome of vertebroplasty alone versus short-segment posterior instrumentation with vertebroplasty in osteoporotic vertebral fracture: a propensity-score-matched analysis
Authors: Santipas Borriwat , Adulkasem Nath , Mekariya Korawish , Korwutthikulrangsri Ekkapoj , Ruangchainikom Monchai , Sutipornplalangkul Werasak
Published: February 2025

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study with propensity-score-matched analysis.Purpose: To compare the efficacy of vertebroplasty (VP) versus short-segment posterior instrumentation (SS) with VP in patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs).Overview of Literature: OVFs significantly affect the aging population, causing pain, reduced mobility, and increased dependence. Treatment guidelines vary, and a consensus on the most effective approach remains unclear. To the best of our knowledge, no previous report focused on the efficacy comparison of VP alone versus SS with VP.Methods: The study included patients with OVFs undergoing VP with or without SS from 2017 to 2021. Baseline demographic and patient-reported outcome scores, including Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and European Quality-of-Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D), were collected preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively. Radiographic outcomes, including Cobb angle, sagittal angle reduction, and kyphotic progression, were assessed. Perioperative data were gathered. Propensity-score matching was conducted to compare both groups after adjusting for baseline characteristics.Results: This study included 60 patients. The subsequent analyses included 19 patients in both the SS+VP group and the VP groups after matching patient cohorts across various covariates. The SS+VP group demonstrated better ODI (30.38±17.12 vs. 49.68±19.43, p=0.0025) and EQ-5D scores (0.80±0.19 vs. 0.6±0.31, p=0.0018) at 1 year postoperative. Sagittal angle correction was higher in the SS+VP group (10.63°±6.34° vs. 5.74°±5.91°, p=0.0188). The SS+VP group exhibited higher blood loss and longer operative time. Perioperative complications, kyphotic progression, adjacent fractures, and reoperation rates were similar between the two groups.Conclusions: SS with VP generated superior patient-reported outcomes and sagittal angle correction for OVFs when evaluated one year postoperatively compared to VP alone. Perioperative complications, kyphotic progression, adjacent fractures, and reoperation rates were similar despite increased blood loss and extended operative time.
Dystrophinopathy in the paravertebral muscle of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a prospective case-control study in China
Authors: Li Junyu , Zheng Danfeng , Li Zekun , Li Jiaxi , Yang Zexi , Zhang Xiang , Zhang Yingshuang , Yu Miao
Published: February 2025

Study Design: A prospective case-control study.Purpose: This prospective case-control study aimed to analyze the paravertebral muscle changes in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and determine paravertebral myopathological changes associated with the clinical progression of AIS.Overview of Literature: The incidence of AIS is significant globally and worsens before bone maturation, causing a serious effect. Many studies have investigated its causes—such as genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal factors—but more research remains warranted.Methods: This study enrolled 40 patients with AIS, 20 patients with congenital scoliosis (CS), and 20 patients with spinal degenerative disease (SDD). All patients underwent open posterior surgery in our hospital, and a paravertebral muscle (multifidus muscle) biopsy was performed intraoperatively. This study included many indexes that describe muscle, especially dystrophin staining. The above pathological results were compared among the AIS, CS, and SDD groups. The correlation between the Cobb angle and Nash–Moe classification and the above pathological results was analyzed in patients with AIS.Results: Significant reductions in the dystrophin staining of dystrophin-1 (p<0.001), dystrophin-2 (p<0.001), and dystrophin-3 (p<0.001) were observed in the AIS group than in the CS and SDD groups. The higher the Nash–Moe classification in the AIS group, the more significant the loss of dystrophin-2 (p=0.042) in the convex paraspinal muscles. Additionally, a significantly positive correlation was observed between the reductions of dystrophin-2 on the concave side of the AIS group and Cobb angle (p=0.011).Conclusions: Dystrophin protein deficiency in the paraspinal muscles plays a crucial role in AIS formation and progression. The severity of scoliosis in patients with AIS is correlated with the extent of dystrophin loss in the paravertebral muscles. Therefore, dystrophin dysfunction may be relevant to AIS occurrence and development.
Machine learning for grasping recognition using wearable sensors
Authors: Rodriguez Vega Graciela , Rodríguez Vega Dora Aydee
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The objective is to evaluate the traditional classifiers for the identification of the grasp while doing different jobs, in order to obtain information that can be used in the diagnostic of the physical work requirements and job design. Methodology: The analysis considered different combinations of the data acquired from inertial and force resistive sensors: a) acceleration and resistive force sensors, b) acceleration, angular velocity and resistive force sensors c) acceleration, angular velocity, magnetic fields, and resistive force sensors. Different combinations of window and step sizes were selected with two overlap options: 50% and greater than 50%. Traditional classification models were trained: support vector machines, ensembles, Naive-Bayes algorithm. Results: Results demonstrate that the window size that presented optimal performance in the present study was 3 seconds with an overlap greater than 50%, the window size is greater than that suggested in the literature, which ranges from 0.75 to 2.25 seconds. Conclusions: The accuracy and F-score metrics for the different window-step combinations are presented, both metrics indicate that the models trained through Support Vector Machine have the best performance (90 %) with the combination of acceleration, angular velocity, and resistive force sensor.
Murales de templos budistas en el noreste de Tailandia: Una manifestación de la cultura local en el arte visual
Authors: Xiong Yuan
Published: February 2025

Introducción: Los murales de los templos budistas del noreste de Tailandia, introducidos con el budismo Theravada en el siglo XIII, combinan formas sagradas y seculares. Su contenido abarca historias budistas, escenas de adoración, sacrificios de religiones primitivas y vida cotidiana. Metodología: Utiliza teorías interculturales y enfoques de arte religioso para analizar los elementos de los murales. Resultados: La interacción entre el budismo Theravada y las religiones primitivas transformó significativamente el estilo, la estética y el alcance del arte budista local. Discusión: Este artículo explora cómo esta forma artística integra el budismo Theravada con la cultura local, transmitiendo sentimientos nacionales y costumbres humanistas desde una perspectiva visual. Conclusiones: El estudio destaca la importancia histórica de los murales en los templos budistas del noreste de Tailandia, confirmando que son más que arte decorativo; son imágenes sociales que trascienden la apreciación visual.
Populism in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Krakovsky Roman
Published: February 2025

The rise of illiberal democracies across Central and Eastern Europe represents an ongoing challenge to the democratic and liberal principles of post-Enlightenment societies. However, considerable debate remains about how to disentangle the complex factors that have contributed to this phenomenon and gain a clearer understanding of the issues shaping the political landscape. In this incisive analysis of the populist phenomenon, Populism in Central and Eastern Europe re-examines the roots of the current political situation, tracing the historical evolution of Central and Eastern European populism. From late nineteenth-century Imperial Russia to Viktor Orbán’s Hungary and Jaroslaw Kaczyński’s Poland, this book offers an innovative approach to addressing these enduring political issues.
Colonial Intervention and Destabilization of African Identities
Authors: Mfum-Mensah Obed
Published: February 2025

External forces and African elites impose trusteeship practices on Africans to construct and consolidate hierarchical power relations in African societies that infantilize Africans. They employ “trusteeship” and “organized infantilism” as two-pronged colonial intervention tools to keep the masses of Africans in subordinated positions by accepting and internalizing those practices as part of the “normal order of things.” This book takes an interdisciplinary approach for examining these different forms of power relations that exploit and dispossess African societies of their resources to accumulate their own wealth.
Komparatif Mekanisme Massawal Terhadap Profit And Loss Sharing Akuntansi Syariah di Desa Mambu Polewali Mandar
Authors: Hendra Herlinda
Published: February 2025

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis penerapan Massawal dan membandingkannya dengan prinsip-prinsip Profit and Loss Sharing (PLS) dalam akuntansi syariah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif pendekatan religius. Metode pengumpulan data pertama adalah melalui wawancara narasumber yang berpengalaman dalam praktik Massawal.  Kedua, Dokumentasi data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis untuk mengidentifikasi mekanisme pelaksanaan Massawal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Massawal merupakan sistem kemitraan berbasis pada kepercayaan dan nilai-nilai budaya lokal. Perjanjian awal antara pemilik dan pengelola lahan umumnya mengatur pembagian hasil tanpa adanya standar formal, pembagian keuntungan bervariasi antara 50:50 hingga 2:1, tergantung pada kesepakatan. Biaya pemeliharaan umumnya ditanggung oleh pengelola, dan kerugian yang tidak disengaja ditanggung bersama. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa meskipun Massawal mencerminkan nilai-nilai tradisional yang kuat, terdapat perbedaan signifikan dengan sistem PLS, yang lebih terstruktur dan formal dalam dokumentasi dan regulasinya.
Pengaruh Kebijakan PP No.55 Tahun 2022 Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak UMKM Surabaya
Authors: Nabila Rachmad Amanda , Murdiawati Dewi
Published: February 2025

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan PP No. 55 Tahun 2022, sosialisasi perpajakan, dan kesadaran perpajakan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak UMKM di Surabaya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penentuan sampel adalah purposive sampling. Wajib pajak UMKM orang pribadi dengan penghasilan tahunan paling banyak Rp500 juta yang terdaftar melalui Dinas Koperasi Usaha Mikro dan Menengah Kota Surabaya atau melalui situs PEKEN Surabaya. Besar sampel minimal 100 wajib pajak UMKM orang pribadi di Surabaya ditentukan melalui penerapan rumus Slovin. Kuesioner disebarkan kepada responden secara langsung atau melalui Google Form untuk mengumpulkan data. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Structural Equation Model (SEM) yang didukung oleh perangkat lunak SmartPLS 4.0 untuk mengevaluasi data. Hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan PP No. 55 Tahun 2022, sosialisasi perpajakan, dan kesadaran perpajakan secara bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap tingkat kepatuhan wajib pajak UMKM di Surabaya. Disarankan agar peneliti selanjutnya memilih instrument yang tepat.
Morphological features and yield of spring barley depending on the fertilizer system
Authors:   Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Palamarchuk V. D.
Published: February 2025

Topicality. The fertilizer system affects the characteristics of the formation of the optical and morphological system of plants and the possibility of formation and accumulation of organic matter and plant adaptability to stress factors of growing conditions. Purpose. To determine the influence of nitrogen feeding on the formation of morphological characteristics and productivity elements in spring barley varieties.
Methods. Field, laboratory, laboratory-field. The research was carried out during 2021–2022 on the basis of Organic-D LLC in Sutysky village, Tyvrivsky district, Vinnytsia region, Ukraine. Results. Feeding with nitrogen fertilisers at the rate of N60 increased the plant height by 13.6 cm in Lofant variety, Hetman variety – by 14.1 cm, Vakula variety – by 9.5 cm and Helios variety – by 10.1 cm; and the spike length at the rate of N35 – in the Lofant variety by 0.7 cm, Hetman – 0.4 cm, Vakula – 0.7 cm and Helios – 0.7 cm, and at the rate of N45 – by 1.2 cm, 0.4 cm, 1.0 and 0.9 cm, compared to the control. On average for two years of research, the highest number of productive shoots was obtained under introduction of N60 kg a. i./ha in the Lofant variety – 407.3 pcs./m2, Hetman – 493 pcs./m2, Vakula – 437.2 pcs./m2 and Helios – 431.8 pcs./m2. The highest yield was obtained in the variant with the application of N60 on grey forest soils for Lofant variety – 3.85 t/ha, Hetman – 4.78 t/ha, Vakula – 4.62 t/ha and Helios – 4.84 t/ha, which is explained by primarily due to the rapid regrowth of shoots and roots, the formation of optimal plant density, as well as the highest productivity of varieties. Conclusions. The best indicators of plant height, spike length, number of productive shoots and yield in the studied mid-ripening varieties of spring barley, such as the Lofant variety
(70.5 cm, 9.4 cm, 407.3 pcs./m2, 3.85 t/ha), Hetman (72.9 cm, 8.8 cm, 493.0 pcs. /m2, 4.78 t/ha), Vakula (69.7 cm, 9.2 cm, 437.2 pcs./m2, 4.62 t/ha) and Helios (67.3 cm, 9.3 cm, 431.8 pcs./m2, 4.84 t/ha) were formed by feeding with nitrogen fertilisers at a rate of N60 in the tillering stage of plants.
Key words: barley, feeding, plant height, nitrogen, grain, tillering, spike length, productivity
ВПЛИВ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА НА ЕКОНОМІЧНУ АКТИВНІСТЬ ВРАЗЛИВИХ ГРУП НАСЕЛЕННЯ
Authors: ДРУГОВА Олена , ЛИПОВИЙ Дмитро
Published: February 2025

The article explores the impact of social entrepreneurship on the economic activity of vulnerable population groups. Social entrepreneurship is an innovative activity that combines economic efficiency with achieving social goals. The study emphasizes the importance of social enterprises in addressing critical societal issues by creating jobs, providing professional training, and promoting social integration for marginalized groups, including persons with disabilities, internally displaced persons, single mothers, and the unemployed.The article analyzes international practices in developing social enterprises, highlighting the experiences of the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Canada, and South Korea, and identifies opportunities for adapting these best practices to the Ukrainian context. Special attention is paid to the role of social enterprises in fostering inclusive environments and overcoming barriers related to stereotypes and discrimination. The dual mission of social enterprises – ensuring financial sustainability and addressing societal challenges – is underlined as their distinctive feature compared to traditional business models.Key challenges facing social entrepreneurship in Ukraine are identified, including inadequate legislative frameworks, limited financial resources, and a lack of public awareness about the benefits of this sector. The study highlights the need for comprehensive measures to support social enterprises at the national level, including legislative improvements, tax incentives, and state-funded grants. The importance of introducing educational programs to develop skills and raise awareness about social entrepreneurship among entrepreneurs and the general population is also emphasized.Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of investment in social enterprises. Over the period analyzed, significant growth in employment within social enterprises, increased investment levels, and a rise in the number of active social enterprises were observed despite the challenging economic environment in Ukraine. These trends indicate the sector's resilience and potential for sustainable development.
Understanding Mobility-Related Challenges for AAPI Older Adults: A Preliminary Study in Southern California
Authors:   Cal Poly Pomona, Zhang Yongping , Salgado Inzunza Priscila , Kachadoorian Carol ,   Mineta Transportation Institute, Cheng Wen ,   Cal Poly Pomona, Wong Calvin ,   Cal Poly Pomona
Published: February 2025

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and state Departments of Transportation (DOTs) Nationwide, the Asian American Pacific Islander (AAPI) community is projected to constitute 11 percent of people 65 years and older in the United States by 2050 (He et al., 2005). The challenges limiting the transportation and mobility of AAPI older adults include, but are not limited to, language barriers, cultural barriers, anti-Asian hate, accessibility to public transit, traffic safety and public security concerns, and changes to mobility due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This project conducted an extensive literature review and a preliminary multi-language survey in Southern California to better understand mobility-related challenges for Asian American and Pacific Islander older adults. The results of this project can provide government agencies and organizations with recommendations for policy and program changes to benefit AAPI older adults and the broader communities.
Extending the use of ternary cementitious system in rapid repair engineering through the incorporation of fly ash
Authors: Zhou Wei , Pan Chao , Yao Suwao , Wang Kangkang , Zhang Haibo
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the effect of fly ash [FA] on the hydration and strength development of composite cement pastes with ternary cementitious systems [OPC-CSA-CŠ]. The fluidity, setting time, swelling rate, and compressive strength of cement pastes with 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 % [mass fraction] fly ash substituted for OPC cement were tested. The hydration process, hardening, and microstructure of the cement slurry were analyzed by hydration heat, XRD, TG-DTG, SEM, and MIP test techniques. The results showed that with increasing FA content, the flowability of cement slurry improved, the setting time was shortened first and then lengthened, and the doping of FA can inhibit the shrinkage of the volume of the cementitious system at the later stage. When the FA content was 10 %, the flowability increased by 9.6 %, and the initial and final setting times were shortened by 23.4 % and 12.1 %, respectively. Simultaneously, the nucleation effect of FA provides a precipitation surface for Ca(OH)2 and C-S-H, which spreads the generated hydration products, accelerating the early hydration reaction rate and generating more AFt, improved its compressive strength. At the later stage of hydration, the micro-filler effect of FA made the unhydrated particles cut the large pores in the cement pore space into small interconnected pores, which improves the overall compactness of the slurry. The above results further develop the utilization value of FA and effectively expand the application of the ternary cementitious system in rapid repair engineering.
Deskriptive Repräsentation und Wahlsysteme: Evidenz aus Neuseeland
Authors: Grabbe Yannis
Published: February 2025

Diese Arbeit untersucht den Einfluss unterschiedlicher Wahlsysteme auf die deskriptive Repräsentation von Frauen und Māori im neuseeländischen Parlament. Im Zentrum steht der Wechsel von einem Mehrheitswahlrecht (First-Past-the-Post, FPTP) zu einem personalisierten Verhältniswahlrecht (Mixed-Member Proportional, MMP) zur Parlamentswahl im Jahr 1996. Aufbauend auf theoretischen Grundlagen zur politischen Repräsentation und unter Einbeziehung von vier Hypothesen analysiert die Arbeit die Entwicklung der Repräsentation über einen Zeitraum von 15 Parlamentswahlen (1981-2023). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das MMP-System sowohl die Repräsentation von Frauen als auch von Māori im Parlament signifikant verbessert hat. Besonders hervorzuheben ist der unmittelbare Anstieg des Frauen- und Māori-Anteils nach der Wahlrechtsreform. Während die deskriptive Repräsentation von Frauen vor und nach der Reform in ähnlichem Maße wie zuvor wuchs, stieg die Repräsentation der Māori erst nach der Reform signifikant an. Zudem bestätigt die Studie, dass ideologisch linke Parteien eine größere Rolle bei der Förderung der Repräsentation dieser Gruppen spielen. Weiterhin konnte festgestellt werden, dass die Kandidatur von Frauen und Māori in Einpersonenwahlkreisen, speziell in General Electoral Districts (GED) unter dem MMP-System über Zeit zugenommen hat. Die Arbeit trägt zur Literatur über die Auswirkungen von Wahlsystemen auf die politische Repräsentation bei und bietet Ansatzpunkte für weiterführende Untersuchungen zur Repräsentation von Minderheiten und unterrepräsentierten Gruppen in unterschiedlichen politischen Kontexten.
STRUCTURAL-PARAMETRIC SHAPING OF SOIL TILLAGE TOOLS
Authors: Virchenko Gennadii , Volokha Mykola , Yablonskyi Petro , Lazarchuk-Vorobiova Yuliia , Hrubych Mariya
Published: February 2025

One of the important directions in the modern development of the scientific school of applied geometry at the National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute" is the methodology of structural and parametric shaping of various technical objects. Significant theoretical and practical achievements have been made in this field in recent years. In particular, this applies to implementations in the aviation industry, general mechanical engineering, and other sectors of the national economy.
The current difficult period in Ukraine is related to the military actions on its territory. In such conditions, agriculture has become a significant component of our country's economy. Therefore, further improvement of this sector represents a pressing scientific and applied problem. One of the ways to successfully solve the outlined problems is, in particular, the improvement of the used tillage tools. In this regard, defining the optimal shape and dimensions of these technical objects is considered progressive. These factors not only significantly improve the quality of soil cultivation but also contribute to the preservation of its fertility, reduction of energy consumption in the corresponding technological processes, and so on.
The application of computer-based structural and parametric geometric modeling enables productive and flexible implementation of multi-faceted analysis of a large number of design options during the development of industrial products. This approach ensures comprehensive optimization, including various tillage implements. An important aspect of this process is the use of integrated generalized geometric models that encompass a wide range of technical objects. This concept significantly enhances the efficiency of existing computer information technologies.
This article reviews some fundamental results obtained regarding the structural and parametric shaping of certain agricultural machinery products. For example, this includes tillage disks, chisel plows, and moldboard plows. The publication also presents proposed new methods and techniques of geometric modeling, outlines their development directions, and identifies the prospects for conducting further related scientific research.
INDUCTIVE MODEL OF COMBINATION OF MICRO-, MESO- AND MACROERGONOMICS IN A SPATIAL ENVIRONMENT FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES
Authors: Shcheglov Serhii , Botvynovska Svitlana
Published: February 2025

In today's world, there is a growing need to create an inclusive environment that meets the needs of people with disabilities (disabled person (DP)). This applies not only to architecture and public spaces, but also to workplaces. In order for DPs to be able to work comfortably and productively, the predicted development of interpenetration with the subsequent unification of all areas of ergonomics into a single sociotechnical system (STS) becomes quite relevant. Traditionally, ergonomics is divided into three levels: micro-, meso- and macro-ergonomics.
Microergonomics focuses on the analysis and design of workplaces, tools and tasks taking into account the anthropometric, physiological and psychological characteristics of the worker. Research methods: anthropometry, biomechanics, psychophysiology.
Mesoergonomics considers the relationships between workplaces and the overall work system, taking into account the needs of employees. Research methods: system analysis, work process analysis.
Macroergonomics analyzes the interaction of workers with the environment and takes into account socio-technical factors such as politics, culture and accessibility. Research methods: sociological approach, ergonomic expertise, anthropological approach and others.
Despite the complexity of implementing sociotechnical systems of ergonomics for people with disabilities, and this is primarily the cost, these systems are quite expensive to develop, but a study conducted by the National Council for Research, Development and Innovation [10] showed that investments in sociotechnical ergonomics systems for people with disabilities can lead to significant cost savings in the long term, by reducing the need for public assistance by 20% and medical services by 30% [11]; secondly - complexity, because they are more difficult to design, but there are already available methods and resources that can help developers create effective and accessible systems, which are proposed by the International Labor Organization; third - lack of awareness, because most people do not know about the benefits of these systems, but there is a solution - this can be done with the help of information campaigns, training programs and awareness-raising activities with the help of information campaigns, for example, the World Bank (The World Bank) which already finances a number of projects; and fourth, policy and legislation may need to change to support the implementation of these systems. The basis may be the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which obliges member states to take measures to ensure accessibility of goods and services for persons with disabilities. STS combining ergonomics is an important tool for creating a more inclusive and accessible world, and scientific research should help stimulate the implementation of these systems.
GEOMETRIC MODELING OF HELICAL CYLINDRICAL SURFACES AND THEIR PRACTICAL APPLICATION
Authors: Bidnichenko Helen
Published: February 2025

This work is devoted to the topical issue of geometric modeling of helical cylindrical surfaces and their practical application in various areas of human activity. The article presents a geometric and practical study of the surfaces of straight and oblique helicoids. Their geometric formation is presented graphically: visual image schemes are created and two-picture complex drawings are constructed. Special attention is paid to the practical application of these surfaces in various fields, in particular in mechanical engineering and architecture. As examples of spiral lines and surfaces in the natural environment, the shape of the DNA molecule, which is a two-way helical cylindrical line, is mentioned first of all. Thanks to this way of shaping the DNA molecule, many natural phenomena and objects have a helical shape. Therefore, natural patterns are used in man-made objects. In architectural structures, the geometric shape of a helical cylindrical line makes it possible to "collapse space" when designing stairs. The article provides examples of buildings with spiral staircases; made a schematic representation of the entrance to a multi-story garage in the form of an inclined ramp, which consists of several turns of a straight cylindrical helicoid. Designs of entertainment facilities are selected, which, depending on their height, are often made in the form of a one- or several-step helical surface. The surface of an oblique helicoid has such geometric features that it can transform rotational motion into translational motion. Therefore, it is used in various machines for moving loose bodies and viscous liquids in screw pumps and compressors, threads, etc. In the article, the most characteristic bright examples of helical cylindrical surfaces are selected, their features are analyzed, and photographic images are presented.
NEW COVERINGS OF PEDESTRIAN AREAS OF SMALL-SIZED PAVING BLOCKS WITH WEDGE-SHAPED ELEMENTS IN THE LOWER BASE
Authors: Dumanska Veronika , Nazarenko Oleh , Stekhun Angela
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to the development of new optimal constructive solutions for covering areas, garden and park paths, residential areas and other pedestrian zones. In order to improve the quality characteristics, new options of coatings are proposed, which consist of small-sized paving blocks, the lower surface of which has wedge-shaped elements. Such coatings, in contrast to traditional ones, which consist of paving blocks with a flat lower base, have many advantages. The proposed form of the lower base of the paving blocks will lead to an increase in the bearing capacity of the coating and an increase in its maintenance-free service life. Through the lower base of the increased area, an increased vertical load will be transmitted to the lower load-bearing layers of road clothing. The wedge-shaped form of the elements contributes to the additional compaction of the lower layers located under the coating during the laying of the paving blocks, and the inclined faces of the wedge-shaped elements will prevent the horizontal shift of the blocks. The article considers two options for covering, consisting of paving blocks of a square shape in plan, in the middle third of the lower base of which one wedge-shaped element is located in the first option, and with three wedge-shaped elements in the lower base in the second option. In order not to increase the consumption of concrete for wedge-shaped elements, it is recommended to reduce the height of the side so that the volume of the new blocks is equal to the volume of the same blocks in terms of shape and dimensions in plan, but with a flat base. This is achieved by reducing the height of the side of the upper part of the paving block. For the production of test samples or paving blocks directly for construction according to the developed options, formulas are derived for quick and convenient calculation of their parameters. A comparative analysis of the side height parameter of the proposed paving blocks with three wedge-shaped elements in the lower base and the previously developed paving blocks with three prismatic elements in the lower base at several values of the angles at the lower edge in the cross section using the derived formulas was carried out. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the height parameter in all cases is greater for paving blocks with wedge-shaped elements, that is, the upper part of such a block will be stronger. It is planned to carry out laboratory studies of the developed coatings in laboratory conditions in the future.
Data Integrity vs. Inference Accuracy in Large AIS Datasets
Authors: Kiersztyn Adam , Czerwinski Dariusz , Oniszczuk-Jastrzabek Aneta , Czermanski Ernest , Rzepka Agnieszka
Published: February 2025

Automatic Ship Identification Systems (AIS) play a key role in monitoring maritime traffic, providing the data necessary for analysis and decision-making. The integrity of this data is fundamental to the correctness of inference and decision-making in the context of maritime safety, traffic management and environmental protection. This paper analyzes the impact of data integrity in large AIS datasets, on classification accuracy. It also presents error detection and correction methods and data verification techniques that can improve the reliability of AIS systems. The results show that improving the integrity of AIS data significantly improves the quality of inference, which has a direct impact on operational efficiency and safety at sea.
Heat Transfer in Composite Materials: Mechanisms and Applications
Authors: Alaghemandi Mohammad
Published: February 2025

Understanding heat transfer in composite materials is essential for optimizing their performance in critical applications across industries such as aerospace, automotive, renewable energy, and construction. This review offers a comprehensive examination of the various heat transfer mechanisms within composite materials and explores how these processes, spanning different length and time scales, are influenced by the materials’ composition and structure. Both traditional and advanced analytical and numerical modeling techniques are explored, emphasizing their importance in predicting and optimizing thermal behavior across these scales. Furthermore, the review evaluates current experimental methods for measuring thermal properties, discussing their limitations and potential areas for enhancement. Significant attention is devoted to the practical applications of composite materials, from thermal management in electronic devices to heat-resistant components in aerospace engineering. Recent innovations, such as the integration of phase change materials and the development of nano-enhanced composites, are assessed for their potential to transform heat transfer capabilities. Ongoing challenges are addressed, and future research directions are outlined, highlighting the need for advancements in material science and engineering to meet emerging demands. This review aims to bridge the gap between fundamental research and practical applications, providing a comprehensive understanding of heat transfer in composite materials that is both rooted in current science and driven by future possibilities.
Hybrid Quantum Neural Networks with Amplitude Encoding: Advancing Recovery Rate Predictions
Authors: Chen Ying , Griffin Paul , Recchia Paolo , Lei Zhou , Zhang Hongrui
Published: February 2025

Recovery rate prediction plays a pivotal role in bond investment strategies, enhancing risk assessment, optimizing portfolio allocation, improving pricing accuracy, and supporting effective credit risk management. However, forecasting faces challenges like high-dimensional features, small sample sizes, and overfitting. We propose a hybrid Quantum Machine Learning model incorporating Parameterized Quantum Circuits (PQC) within a neural network framework. PQCs inherently preserve unitarity, avoiding computationally costly orthogonality constraints, while amplitude encoding enables exponential data compression, reducing qubit requirements logarithmically. Applied to a global dataset of 1,725 observations (1996–2023), our method achieved superior accuracy (RMSE 0.228) compared to classical neural networks (0.246) and quantum models with angle encoding (0.242), with efficient computation times. This work highlights the potential of hybrid quantum-classical architectures in advancing recovery rate forecasting.
The ambiguity of ideology and administrative reform
Authors:   , Tummala Krishna Kumar
Published: February 2025

"The central question of this study is whether social and administrative reform has an essentially different character in developing as compared to developed nations. For example, if reform, in developing countries is primarily ideological rather than incremental, the significance for a theory of reform can be very substantial. What is suited to the bureaucracy of a developed country may be very unsuitable to a developing nation. Attention in particular, will be focused on the relationship between ideology and reform. The discussion is centered around the following major questions, with primary reference to India--a developing country, using Britain and the United States--developed countries, for contrasting perspectives: 1. Whether social and administrative reform has essentially a different character in a developing country, as compared to a developed one? (Is incrementalism suited to a developed country, equally suitable to a developing country? Or, is a developing country properly advised to stress ideology, as the basis of reform? Perhaps there is a third alternative, an intermediate position between pure incrementalism and pure ideology--a position which can be correlated with the transitional nature of a. developing system.) 2. Does ideology, understood as a belief system that is to be actualised, as opposed to mere speculation, provide a useful 2 guide and support for administrative reform? 3. What are the preconditions for successful incrementalism, and what are the causes for dysfunctional incrementalism? 4. Can we relate functional and dysfunctional aspects of incrementalism and ideology to a principle of balance and linkage between ideology and social, political and bureaucratic functions and structures? In case one of the elements becomes substantially stronger than the others, what will be the consequences? In attempting to answer these questions, the author hopes to shed light on the relationship between bureaucrats and politicians in a developing country, especially in regard to the process of social and administrative reforms."--Introduction.
Microcomputer process control
Authors:   , Lewis John Charles
Published: February 2025

"The objective of this work is to extend the functions of a MOSTEK micro-computer allowing it to function as data logging and as a digital control unit. It will be capable of accepting multiple inputs from analog sensors; of computing multiple control functions with FORTRAN programming; of using parameters that may be entered via a keyboard; of comparing the control functions with set points that may be entered via the the keyboard; and of outputting multiple control signals that may be used to activate a control device. In the work described here, the output signal would be an on-off control only. Programming will be in FORTRAN, except in very unusualcircumstances. Digital-to-Analog conversion boards are part off the MOSTEK microcomputer system so that extension to analog outputs will be possible fairly easily. The MOSTEK microcomputer is a complex piece of equiptment that is fascinating in its own respect. It is a further objective of this work to make the power of the computer available to those who do not find it fascinating. Typical chemical engineers who need data logging or control capabilites but do not want (or need) to learn anything about the microcomputer itself, should be able to satsify their needs using this paper and an assumed understanding of the FORTRAN language. Any or all of the values of the variables -- input or output -- or any function of the variables as may be computed in a FORTRAN program, may be stored on a diskette or may be printed out. To demonstrate the control system, two primitive processes were controlled: 1. Pressure control of a vacuum vessel by controlling the air bleed-in rate; 2. Temperature control of a stirred bucket of water by proportioning an inlet flow of hot water."--Introduction.
Understanding Microservices Architecture: A Comprehensive Guide
Authors: Surya Prabha Busi
Published: February 2025

Microservices architecture has emerged as a transformative approach to building complex software systems, offering organizations a way to develop and maintain large-scale applications more effectively. This comprehensive article explores the fundamental concepts, benefits, implementation strategies, and challenges of microservices architecture. The article examines how microservices enable organizations to break down complex applications into manageable, independent services that communicate through well-defined APIs. It delves into the architectural principles that guide successful microservices implementation, including service design, infrastructure requirements, and communication patterns. The article encompasses crucial aspects such as technical agility, independent deployment capabilities, and scalability benefits while addressing critical challenges like distributed system complexity, data consistency, and service boundary definition. Through detailed analysis of industry practices and architectural patterns, this article provides insights into how organizations can leverage microservices to build more resilient, maintainable, and scalable systems while fostering team autonomy and technological flexibility.
ДОСВІД ЗАПОБІГАННЯ ПРАВОПОРУШЕННЯМ У СФЕРІ БУДІВНИЦТВА У ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКИХ КРАЇНАХ
Authors: Буга Володимир Васильович , Кузьменко Сергій Георгійович , Назимко Олена Вікторівна
Published: February 2025

Статтю присвячено вивченню досвіду запобігання правопорушень у сфері будівництва у країнах Європейського союзу. Визначено, що системний аналіз теоретичних напрацювань свідчить про те, що важливість вивчення досвіду зарубіжних країн зумовлена не лише подібністю соціально-економічної, географічної, релігійної, демографічної та культурологічної обстановки, а й детермінованістю однаковими соціально-економічними чинниками і схожими недоліками в організації та запобігання правопорушенням. Встановлено, що запобігання правопорушенням у сфері будівництва в зазначених країнах, як і в Україні, здійснюється в межах різних галузей права. Однак, у адміністративно-правовій площині забезпечується шляхом застосування до суб’єкта вчинення каральних і (або) альтернативних їм інших, некаральних заходів впливу. Особливістю каральних заходів більшості європейських країн є великі розміри штрафних санкцій, порівняно з Україною, за порушення норм, стандартів та правил будівельного законодавства. На основі вивченого зарубіжного досвіду стало очевидно, що подальше зниження показників вчинених правопорушень в сфері будівництва неможливе без проведення комплексу запобіжних заходів, основою яких повинен бути аналіз факторів, що зумовлюють вчинення таких правопорушень. Досвід багатьох країн, а саме Іспанії, Німеччини, зумовив зосередження уваги на значному оновленні та розвитку вітчизняних кадрових ресурсів в умовах реформування окреслених вище суб’єктів запобігання злочинності у будівельній сфері. У зв’язку з цим встановлено, що стаж інспекторів та ревізорів за такою сферою запобігання здебільшого не перевищує десяти років, що засвідчило недосвідченність працівників та потребу постійного посиленого контролю за їх діяльністю з наданням практичної допомоги, роз’яснень.
ПРОБЛЕМНІ ПИТАННЯ ВРЕГУЛЮВАННЯ КОЛЕКТИВНИХ ТРУДОВИХ СПОРІВ ТРУДОВИМ АРБІТРАЖЕМ
Authors: Клемпарський Микола Миколайович , Павліченко Володимир Миколайович
Published: February 2025

В даній науковій роботі авторами проаналізовано ряд проблемних аспектів діяльності трудового арбітражу, зокрема, щодо визначення поняття трудовий арбітраж, принципів діяльності, створення в Україні постійно діючого трудового арбітражу, етапів врегулювання конфлікту трудовим арбітражем, а саме: створення трудового арбітражу; розгляду колективного трудового спору; ухвалення рішення. Визначено, що трудові арбітражі – це органи врегулювання колективних трудових спорів, що характеризуються спеціальною юрисдикцією. При цьому, юрисдикція трудових арбітражів видається диференційованою за своєю суттю. Відтак, трудові арбітражі мають повноваження до врегулювання колективних трудових спорів, що виникають з приводу виконання колективного договору, угоди або окремих їх положень чи невиконання вимог законодавства про працю. Доводиться, що колективні трудові спори є одним із різновидів трудових спорів, що можуть виникати у національному правопорядку та опосередковані протиріччями, що виникають між учасниками трудових відносин. Відповідно до Закону України «Про порядок вирішення колективних трудових спорів (конфліктів)», передбачається можливість врегулювання колективного трудового спору шляхом звернення до трудового арбітражу. З урахуванням закордонного досвіду вирішення колективних трудових спорів шляхом звернення до трудових арбітражів, а також передбачення національним законодавцем функціонування трудового арбітражу як однієї із можливих інституцій вирішення колективного трудового спору, проблематика особливостей вирішення колективного трудового спору трудовим арбітражем видається нам вкрай актуальною. Вирішення колективного трудового спору трудовим арбітражем обумовлюється рядом проблемних аспектів, на окремих з яких нами було сконцентровано увагу вище, зокрема, на визначенні поняття трудовий арбітраж, принципах діяльності, створення в Україні постійно діючого трудового арбітражу, етапах врегулювання конфлікту трудовим арбітражем, а саме: етапі створення трудового арбітражу; етапі розгляду колективного трудового спору; етапі ухвалення рішення.
Patrones de diversidad de la fauna de mariposas del Parque Nacional de Cabañeros y su entorno (Ciudad Real, España central) (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea, Hesperioidea)
Authors:   Univ. Autónoma de Madrid, Spain, Jiménez-Valverde A. , Martín Cano J. ,   Univ. Autónoma de Madrid, Spain, Munguira M. L. ,   Univ. Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
Published: February 2025

Diversity patterns of the butterfly fauna of the Parque Nacional de Cabañeros and its surroundings (Ciudad Real, Central Spain) (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea, Hesperioidea)

The butterfly species richness and faunistic composition in six plots with different land uses and dissimilar environmental diversity is studied in the Parque Nacional de Cabañeros and its surroundings (Ciudad Real, Central Spain). The holm-oak forest is the richest sampling plot, with a butterfly species composition that clearly differs from the rest of more humanized sampling plots. The pine plantation has the lowest values of species richness and abundances, with a faunistic composition quite similar to those of the sampling plots with a dominance of hostile habitats for butterflies (grasslands and crops), so the need to create clearings is emphasised. The importance of environmental diversity in humanized habitats and the need for proper management and conservation of woodlands is stressed in order to conserve butterfly biodiversity
Taxonomic notes on Amarodytes duponti (Aubé, 1838) (Dytiscidae, Hydroporinae, Bidessini) with redescription of male genitalia
Authors:   Dept. de Ecología y Biología Animal, Fac. de Ciencias, Univ. de Vigo, Spain, Benetti C. J. , Regil Cueto J. A. ,   Dept. de Biología Animal, Fac. de Biología, Univ. de León, Spain
Published: February 2025

The male genitalia of the water beetle Amarodytes duponti (Aubé, 1838) are described and illustrated. The species was collectedin small pools of rainwater on the margins of a river. A. duponti is distinguished from other species of the genus by the presence of bi-segmented parameres. This species is related to Bidessodes Régimbart, Hypodessus Guignot and Tepuidessus Spangler.
El esqueleto de Judy
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Ortega Ojeda Alfredo Tomas
Published: February 2025

Los niños fundan el Club del Tinaco, y Zitelina, la niña nueva en el edificio, acude con sus compañeros de colegio al viejo Museo de Ciencias, donde exhiben un esqueleto de mamut. Beto recuerda la historia de la elefanta Judy, que escapó una noche, corrió enloquecida y tuvieron que matarla en la gasolinera, justo al lado del museo. Zitelina no es buena con las cuentas, pero le sobra imaginación, y convence a los miembros del club de que el esqueleto del museo es el de la pobre elefanta Judy. Ahora el Club del Tinaco tendrá la difícil misión de rescatar el esqueleto y darle sepultura.