bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unstable fractures of the pelvis treated by Ilizarov external fixation device
Authors: Tomic S.M. , Slavkovic N.S.
Published: June 2010

We reviewed seven patients with an unstable fracture of the pelvic ring who had been treated with a Ilizarov external fixation device after a mean follow-up of 5.5 years. There were four 'open-book' injuries (type B according to Tile) and three rotationally and vertically unstable injuries (type C according to Tile). In all patients union of fracture site had been achieved after a mean period of 65 days in patients with type B injuries and 98 days in patients with type C injuries. In the four patients with an 'open-book' injury the symphyseal diastasis was partially reduced from 46 mm to 13 mm, and additional vertical displacement reduced from 24mm to 13mm. The radiological result was excellent in one patient, good in one and poor in two patients. The functional outcome was rated as excellent in three patients and good in one patient. In patients with type C injury vertical displacement was partially reduced from 21mm to 12mm. The patients in this group had excellent, good and poor radiological result, respectively. The functional outcome was excellent in two cases and good in one case. General surgical complications were not seen. Infection at the pin sites was seen in six patients. In our study unsatisfactory or poor functional result was not registrated due to construction characteristics of Ilizarov device. Because of this characteristics there were no residual vertical displacement more then 8 mm.
Fiksacija tuberkuluma kod visedelnih preloma proksimalnog humerusa lecenih hemiartroplastikom
Authors: Diklic I.D. , Ganic Z.D. , Stevanovic V.B. , Crnobaric A.S. , Glisic M. , Blagojevic Z.B.
Published: June 2010

Hemiarthroplasty is an effective treatment for multifragmentary fractures of the proximalh humerus. Purpose of this study was to compare 2 different methods of tuberosity dislocations,which is one of the primary reasons for successful posttraumatic arthroplasty. Between 2006 and 2008, 29 patients with multifragmentary fractures of the proximal humerus underwent hemiarthroplasty of the shoulder. Mean gae was 69y., while mean postoperative follow up was 27 months.We evaluated two different techiques of tuberosity fixation after anatomic reattachment on humeri: (A) intertuberosity suture stabilization around the prothesis, and their suture to the humeri and (B) direct intertuberosity suture and their suture to the humeri Postoperartive Constant score averaged 71 points. 3 Reason for failure of the operative treatment was primary due to the postoperative tuberosity migration It was noted in all patients of group 2 and in 2 patients of group 1. Intertuberosity stabilization using sutures arpund the prothesis and tuberosity fixation to the humeri was proofed to be optimal method, because it decreased strain and mobility of tuberosities, maximize stability of the hemiarthroplasty and facilitate postoperative rehabilitation.
Intramedullary fixation and proximal femoral fractures: Diversity in use through case reports
Authors: Stevanovic V. , Blagojevic Z. , Ganic Z. , Diklic I. , Crnobaric A. , Glisic M.
Published: June 2010

Proximal femoral fractures, including intertrochanetric and subtrochanteric with diaphiseal propagation represent a significant challenge in orthopedic surgery, especially in older population. Retrospective analysis of patients, after the application of 'Bi Nail (Bioimpianti Inc.) intramedullary nail for fractures and pathological conditions of proximal femur, was done at the Department of Adult Orthopedics, Institute of Orthopedic surgery Banjica, during the three year period. We present patients with complex fractures and pathological conditions (metastasis and pseudoarthrosis) of proximal femur; most of the fractures were result of effects of low energy, and the most common pathological fracture is due to metastasis of breast cancer. The analysis included the technical characteristics and duration of surgery, intraoperative and postoperative complications as well as the coalescence time of fracture healing and postoperative quality of life after rehabilitation. We believe that the described surgical method, although technically demanding, with a variable length duration of surgery and treatment of high risk elderly patients, provides stable fracture fixation with early rehabilitation to improve the quality of life.
Minimally-incision total hip arthoplasty: Complications
Authors: Bascarevic Z. , Vukasinovic Z. , Timotijevic S. , Bascarevic V. , Trajkovic G. , Bascarevic V. , Stevanovic V.
Published: June 2010

Minimaly invasive hip surgery techniques have been proposed as an alternative to conventional soft tissue exposure total hip arthroplasty. Purpored advantages of the technique included less blood loss, faster recovery, shoter stay in hospital and better cosmetical result. During the years good results have been presented by many authors, and serious complications have been found only in a few articles. But, some papers reported a catastrofic complications of the MIS procedures. Our intention is to present complication which had occurred in our experience with MIS total hip replacement. Retrospective study involved 215 patients (230 hips). All patients, of mean age 55.7 years, obtained fiber metal midcoated or fiber metal taper femoral stem and identical fiber metal coated acetabular shell with polyethylene or ceramic insert. The goal of the study was to evaluate intraoperative and early postoperative complications: bone fractures and/or implant, blood loss, dislocations, prolonged bleeding, loss of component position in 6 week postop. period, infections, and thromboembolism. The complications we had may occur with any type of operating technique. The purpose of the study was not either to condone or condemn MIS techniques but to show the complications that had occurred in our experience.
Open fracture of the shin as an occupational injury and work capacity evaluation: Case report
Authors: Djokovic J.D. , Milacic S. , Nikolic V.T. , Popovic N.M. , Torbica N.I. , Djukic V. , Bumbasirevic V. , Milovanovic A.M.
Published: June 2010

Injuries at work (occupational injuries) represent a big social and economic problem. This case report presents the patient who suffered occupational injury - open fracture of the left shin. He has been hospitalized for several times at Orthopedic-Surgical Hospital 'Banjica' and underwent several surgical procedures, physical therapy and Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy. After this treatment, he was hospitalized at Institute of Occupational Health for disability evaluation and work capacity evaluation.
Mite pests in plant crops: Current issues, inovative approaches and possibilities for controlling them
Authors: Petanovic Radmila , Marcic Dejan , Vidovic Biljana
Published: June 2010

In the middle of the last century, mites moved into the focus of attention as pests relevant to agriculture, forestry and landscape horticulture, presumably in direct reaction to the 'green revolution' that involved plant cultivation in large-plot monocropping systems, improved methods of cultivation, selection of high-yielding cultivars and intensified use of pesticides and mineral fertilizers. Agroecosystems in which phytophagous mites have become harmful organisms are primarily orchards, vineyards, greenhouses, urban greeneries, plant nurseries and stored plant products, as well as annual field crops to a somewhat lesser degree. Phytophagous mite species belong to a variety of spider mites (Tetranychidae), false spider mites (Tenuipalpidae), gall and rust mites (Eriophyoidae), tarsonemid mites (Tarsonemidae) and acarid mites (Acaridae). Most of these harmful species are widespread, some of them having more economic impact than others and being more detrimental as depending on various specificities of each outdoor agroecosystem in any particular climatic region. The first segment of this overview focuses on the most significant mite pests of agroecosystems and urban horticultural areas in European countries, our own region and in Serbia today, primarily on species that have caused problems in recent years regarding plant production, and it also discusses various molecular methods available for investigating different aspects of the biology of phytophagous mites. Also, acaricides are discussed as a method of controlling mite pests in the light of the current situation and trends on pesticide markets in Serbia and the European Union member-countries.
Early Attachment Relationships and the Early Childhood Curriculum
Authors: Cortazar Alejandra , Herreros Francisca
Published: June 2010

This article explores the relationship between attachment theory and the early childhood curriculum. During the first years of life children develop early attachment relationships with their primary caregivers. These attachment relationships, either secure or insecure, will shape children's socio-emotional development. In the USA, the predominant curricular approach is the one that situates the child at the center of the curriculum. This child-centered curriculum assumes a child that is able to act independently without experiencing great amounts of anxiety, easily establish relationships with peers and adults, and is an active constructor of his/her own knowledge. These are images of a child that has developed a secure attachment with his/her caregiver(s). This article argues that the dominant child-centered early childhood curriculum, based on the principles of Developmentally Appropriate Practice, appears to be designed primarily for children with histories of secure attachments, and by not adapting to children's individual needs it might perpetuate attachment insecurities. This article not only questions pre-conceived images of children in early childhood curriculum but also rethinks the implications of integrating attachment theory into educational practices.
Early Childhood Education: The Case of Turkey
Authors: Usakli Hakan
Published: June 2010

It is now widely recognized that early childhood education has paramount significance for the well-being of societies. In this study, the current situation of early childhood education in Turkey is discussed mainly in terms of its perception by the government, the school enrollment rate and the quality of early childhood education programs. The study attempts to evaluate the case of Turkey compared to those of several other developed countries. It is believed that this brief snapshot considerably demonstrates that Turkey lags behind several countries not only in terms of quantity but also with respect to the quality in early childhood education; however, it has at least recognized the worth of early childhood education.
Long-Term Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetic Compared With Nondiabetic First Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: Cano J. Francisco , Baena-Diez Jose M. , Franch Josep , Vila Joan , Tello Susana , Sala Joan , Elosua Roberto , Marrugat Jaume ,   on behalf of the REGICOR and GEDAPS Investigators
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to determine whether long-term cardiovascular risk differs in type 2 diabetic patients compared with first acute myocardial infarction patients in a Mediterranean region, considering therapy, diabetes duration, and glycemic control.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A prospective population-based cohort study with 10-year follow-up was performed in 4,410 patients aged 30–74 years: 2,260 with type 2 diabetes without coronary heart disease recruited in 53 primary health care centers and 2,150 with first acute myocardial infarction without diabetes recruited in 10 hospitals. We compared coronary heart disease incidence and cardiovascular mortality rates in myocardial infarction patients and diabetic patients, including subgroups by diabetes treatment, duration, and A1C.

RESULTS

The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for 10-year coronary heart disease incidence and for cardiovascular mortality were significantly lower in men and women with diabetes than in myocardial infarction patients: HR 0.54 (95% CI 0.45–0.66) and 0.28 (0.21–0.37) and 0.26 (0.19–0.36) and 0.16 (0.10–0.26), respectively. All diabetic patient subgroups had significantly fewer events than myocardial infarction patients: the HR of cardiovascular mortality ranged from 0.15 (0.09–0.26) to 0.36 (0.24–0.54) and that of coronary heart disease incidence ranged from 0.34 (0.26–0.46) to 0.56 (0.43–0.72).

CONCLUSIONS

Lower long-term cardiovascular risk was found in type 2 diabetic and all subgroups analyzed compared with myocardial infarction patients. These results do not support equivalence in coronary disease risk for diabetic and myocardial infarction patients.
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in dementia patients with frontal lobe symptoms
Authors: Naik Mala , Lundervold Arvid , Nygaard Harald , Geitung Jonn-Terje
Published: June 2010

Background: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a recent MRI technique demonstrating white matter tracts in the brain. Dementia is a neurodegenerative disease and this method has been used to demonstrate the loss of axonal fibers and myelin and decrease of fiber density in this condition.

Purpose: To study a possible correlation between frontal lobe symptoms in patients with dementia and reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) in white matter/fascicles in the frontal lobes.

Material and Methods: The study included 23 patients with dementia and frontal lobe symptoms and 20 controls (10 Alzheimer patients without frontal lobe symptoms and 10 normal controls). Clinical tests and MRI with DTI were performed. FA in subcortical white matter of both the frontal lobes was analyzed and correlated with clinical frontal score tests.

Results: We found a significant correlation between frontal score results and reduction in FA in the frontal lobes. The FA in the study group was significantly lower than the FA in the control group.

Conclusion: The present study reveals that there is a probable correlation between the extent of frontal lobe symptoms and FA in fascicles/white matter tissue in the frontal lobes.
Clinical fMRI of language function in aphasic patients: Reading paradigm successful, while word generation paradigm fails
Authors: Engström Maria , Karlsson Marie , Croné Marie , Ragnehed Mattias , Antepohl Wolfram , Landtblom Anne-Marie , Lundberg Peter
Published: June 2010

Background: In fMRI examinations, it is very important to select appropriate paradigms assessing the brain function of interest. In addition, the patients’ ability to perform the required cognitive tasks during fMRI must be taken into account.

Purpose: To evaluate two language paradigms, word generation and sentence reading for their usefulness in examinations of aphasic patients and to make suggestions for improvements of clinical fMRI.

Material and Methods: Five patients with aphasia after stroke or trauma sequelae were examined by fMRI. The patients’ language ability was screened by neurolinguistic tests and elementary pre-fMRI language tests.

Results: The sentence-reading paradigm succeeded to elicit adequate language-related activation in perilesional areas whereas the word generation paradigm failed. These findings were consistent with results on the behavioral tests in that all patients showed very poor performance in phonemic fluency, but scored well above mean at a reading comprehension task.

Conclusion: The sentence-reading paradigm is appropriate to assess language function in this patient group, while the word-generation paradigm seems to be inadequate. In addition, it is crucial to use elementary pre-fMRI language tests to guide the fMRI paradigm decision.
Response of Texas Peanut to Chlorimuron Alone and in Various Combinations
Authors: Grichar W. James , Dotray Peter A.
Published: June 2010

Field studies were conducted in 2005 and 2006 in south Texas and the southern High Plains of Texas to determine peanut response to POST applications of chlorimuron at 9 g ha−1. Treatments included chlorimuron alone, imazethapyr applied 21 days after planting (DAP) followed by chlorimuron applied POST, and chlorimuron plus either 2,4-DB or chlorothalonil in combination applied POST. Postemergence herbicide applications were made 60, 74, and 88 DAP at the southern High Plains location or 67, 81, or 95 DAP at the south Texas location. No difference in peanut stunting was observed with any chlorimuron treatments at the south Texas location. At the High Plains location, chlorimuron alone, imazethapyr followed by chlorimuron, and chlorimuron in combination with 2,4-DB stunting was greater than chlorimuron in combination with chlorothalonil in one of two years. Imazethapyr followed by chlorimuron reduced peanut yield in one year in south Texas. No peanut grade (sound mature kernels plus sound splits) differences between chlorimuron treatments were noted at the south Texas location, but for the southern High Plains location, peanut grade was greater when peanut was treated with imazethapyr followed by chlorimuron compared to the other chlorimuron treatments.
Reaction of the Core Collection of Peanut Germplasm to Sclerotinia Blight and Pepper Spot1
Authors: Damicone J. P. , Holbrook C. C. , Smith D. L. , Melouk H. A. , Chamberlin K. D.
Published: June 2010

In 2001, entries from the peanut core collection, a subset of the USDA peanut germplasm collection, were planted in non-replicated plots in a field with a history of Sclerotinia blight caused by Sclerotinia minor. Variability existed among entries for reaction to Sclerotinia blight. Of the 744 entries evaluated, 11% had no disease, nearly 30% had <10% disease incidence, and only 21% had 50% disease incidence or more. Most of the resistant entries had an upright growth habit and were in early and mid-maturity groups. Many of the early maturing entries were susceptible to the foliar disease pepper spot which occurred throughout the study. Entries were selected for further evaluation in replicated plots based on a nil to low (<10%) incidence of Sclerotinia blight, adaptation and/or vigor, and other desirable characteristics such as an intermediate to prostrate growth habit and pepper spot resistance. Selected entries were retested in both 2002 and 2003 (n  =  62) and compared to resistant (Tamspan 90), moderately resistant (Tamrun 96), and susceptible (Okrun) reference cultivars. Most entries (55 in 2001 and 46 in 2003) had disease incidence less than Tamrun 96 and similar to Tamspan 90. In 2003 when disease incidence was highest, all 46 entries with resistant reactions similar to that of Tamspan 90 had erect plant growth habits except for entries 208 and 582 which were prostrate, and entries 273, 128, and 804 which were intermediate. Resistance to Sclerotinia blight and yield similar to Tamspan 90, plant habit, and/or reactions to pepper spot and web blotch were used to select the best entries. Entries 208, 128, 804, 582, and 273 combined resistance to Sclerotinia blight, pepper spot, and web blotch with less than erect growth habits. Entry 103 had good Sclerotinia blight resistance and yield, but an upright growth habit. Entry 92 had an upright growth habit and low yield, but good Sclerotinia blight resistance. Entries 92 and 103 had upright growth habits but were among the best entries for resistant to pepper spot and web blotch. Entries 426, 184, and 562 were upright and susceptible to pepper spot, but had resistance to web blotch and the best resistance to Sclerotinia blight. These entries appear to be useful sources of resistance to Sclerotinia blight for breeding programs and for increasing the probability of finding additional sources of resistance in clusters of germplasm identified within the entire USDA collection.
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Response to the Ethylene Binding Inhibitor 1-Methylcyclopropene
Authors: Taylor Z. G. , Fisher L. R. , Jordan D. L.
Published: June 2010

Senescence and abscission of mature peanut pods is controlled by the ethylene cascade. Reducing senescence and abscission could involve inhibiting the ethylene cascade and allow greater harvest flexibility in peanut. Application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), the ethylene binding inhibitor, may reduce senescence and abscission of mature peanut pods. Research was conducted from 2005 through 2008 in North Carolina to determine the effects of 1-MCP on pod yield and percentages of sound mature kernels (%SMK), sound splits (%SS), total sound mature kernels (%TSMK), other kernels (%OK), extra large kernels (%ELK), fancy pods (%FP), and pod retention. Treatments of 1-MCP were applied at 26 g ai/ha plus a crop oil concentrate at 7, 10, or 14 d prior to digging peanut at the projected optimum digging date. Peanut was dug at the projected optimum digging date or at 7 or 20 d after projected optimum digging date. The cultivars NC-V 11 (2005 and 2007), Phillips (2006 and 2007), and Perry (2008) were evaluated in separate experiments. Pod yield, %SMK, %TSMK, %SS, %OK, %ELK, and %FP were not affected by 1-MCP regardless of application timing when NC-V 11 and Phillips were evaluated. Only %SMK and %TSMK were affected by 1-MCP when applied to the cultivar Perry. Digging date affected pod yield and market grade characteristics. When digging of Phillips and Perry was delayed by 7 or 20 d past the optimum digging date, %SMK and %TSMK increased. Pod retention, determined by comparing the number and mass of pods/plant following digging, was affected by digging date and location but not 1-MCP treatment. These data suggest that 1-MCP will have little activity on peanut pod yield, market grade characteristics, or pod retention.
Peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL.) Response toBradyrhizobiaInoculant Applied In-furrow with Agrichemicals
Authors: Jordan David L. , Johnson P. Dewayne , Brandenburg Rick L. , Faircloth Joel
Published: June 2010

Bradyrhizobia is often applied in the seed furrow when peanut is planted to ensure nodulation and subsequent biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Several fungicides, insecticides, and fertilizer solutions are registered for in-furrow application in peanut while others or currently being evaluated for possible use. The effect of these products on efficacy of Bradyrhizobia inoculant has not been thoroughly investigated. Research was conducted in North Carolina and Virginia to determine peanut response to in-furrow application of Bradyrhizobia inoculant alone or with the fungicides azoxystrobin, boscalid, pyraclostrobin, propiconazole plus trifloxystrobin, and tebuconazole; the insecticide imidacloprid; and the commercial fertilizer Asset® RTU. Peanut yield did not differ in three experiments during 2002 when inoculant was applied alone or with the fungicides azoxystrobin, boscalid, pyraclostrobin, propiconazole plus trifloxystrobin, or tebuconazole. In experiments from 2004–2007, pod yield was lower when inoculant was applied with azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, tebuconazole, and fertilizer in three of 11, six of 11, three of 8, and three of 11 experiments, respectively, when compared with inoculant alone. Imidacloprid did not affect peanut yield. Pod yield was not improved by any of the fungicide, insecticide, or fertilizer treatments when compared with inoculant alone. These experiments (2004–2007) were conducted in fields without previous peanut plantings or where rotations were long enough to minimize disease incidence. Although benefits of disease control were not defined in these experiments, these data suggest that adverse effects on inoculant can occur when co-applied with azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, tebuconazole, and fertilizer.
Influence of Paraquat on Yield and Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus for Georgia-02C and Georgia-03L Peanut
Authors: Tubbs R. S. , Prostko E. P. , Kemerait R. C. , Brenneman T. B. , Wann D. Q.
Published: June 2010

Paraquat is a common herbicide used in peanut production; however, visible injury and reduced yield have been observed in some instances. Most research regarding paraquat injury on peanut has taken place on cultivars that are no longer available and were more susceptible to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) than current cultivars. Field experiments were conducted over three growing seasons to determine the effect of paraquat on yield and TSWV incidence in two moderately TSWV-resistant cultivars (Georgia-02C and Georgia-03L). Paraquat and paraquat plus bentazon were evaluated against a non-treated control at four application timings [7, 14, 21, and 28 d after ground cracking (DAGC)]. There were no yield differences among herbicide treatments or application timings for Georgia-02C peanut, but there was a treatment interaction with Georgia-03L for yield. The majority of interaction comparisons showed no yield differences, but the non-treated control had higher yields than the herbicide treatments when significance did occur. Yields were similar for the 7 DAGC timing in all comparisons. In all instances when differences occurred for both cultivars, TSWV was higher in non-treated plots than where herbicides were applied. This data supports the use of paraquat in Georgia-02C and Georgia-03L peanut since there is minimal chance of yield reduction and may also reduce TSWV incidence; however, additional studies are required.
Field Evaluation of Virginia-Type Peanut Cultivars for Resistance to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus, Late Leaf Spot, and Stem Rot
Authors: Chapin Jay W. , Thomas James S. , Isleib Thomas G. , Shokes Frederick M. , Branch William D. , Tillman Barry L.
Published: June 2010

Susceptibility to viral and fungal diseases is a major factor limiting profit in the production of virginia-type peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) in the South Carolina coastal plain. Field tests were conducted over a three-year period (2006–08) to evaluate the disease resistance of 47 experimental virginia-type breeding lines and eight cultivars. Relative to commercially available standards, cultivar Bailey (recently released by N. C. State Univ.), three sister lines (N03088T, N03089T, and N03090T), and N03091T were found to have consistently less susceptibility to tomato spotted wilt tospovirus; late leaf spot, Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. and Curt.) Deighton; and stem rot, Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. The level of field resistance measured for these three diseases was comparable to that of a resistant runner-type cultivar, Georgia-03L. Yield was highly correlated with multiple disease resistance, and yield performance of some resistant lines exceeded the best commercial standard cultivars under reduced fungicide programs. Potential negative attributes of Bailey, its sister lines, and N03091T were a greater susceptibility to leafhopper injury, Empoasca fabae (Harris), and a relatively larger plant size at maturity, without well defined rows to facilitate digging. Other lines that demonstrated reduced susceptibility to both tomato spotted wilt and stem rot were N03005J and N02009. Although only evaluated in the last test year, five Univ. of Florida lines (FLMR7, FLMR9, FLMR12, FLMR14, and FLMR15) and Georgia-08V (recently released by the Univ. of Georgia) also showed some reduction in stem rot susceptibility relative to the standard (cultivar NC-V 11). Equally important, many experimental lines were identified with significantly greater disease susceptibility than current commercial cultivars. Under South Carolina production conditions, these lines would be poor candidates for advancement. Deployment of the multiple disease resistance found in these experimental cultivars offers several potential benefits beyond direct yield improvement: reduction of fungicide input costs for both foliar and soil disease control, prolonging the utility of currently available fungicides, and reduction of weather related harvest risk by allowing earlier initial planting dates.
Agronomic Performance and Economic Return among Peanut Genotypes with Maximum and Minimum Production Inputs
Authors: Branch W. D. , Fletcher S. M.
Published: June 2010

Maximum (Max) and minimum (Min) peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) input production tests were conducted for three consecutive years (2004–06) to evaluate agronomic performance and economic return among several runner and virginia genotypes. Mid-April planting dates were used each year. The Max tests included recommended production practices of seeding rate, fertilization, irrigation, and pesticides; whereas, the Min tests excluded irrigation, insecticides, and included only three fungicide sprays. Results showed variation among years, locations, and genotypes for TSWV and total disease incidence, pod yield, gross dollar value, and dollar value return above variable cost. The performance results also show the benefit to growers from agronomic and economic improvement with many of the newly released peanut cultivars in Georgia. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) among the peanut genotypes for tomato spotted wilt disease [caused by Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)] where noted. The lowest TSWV incidence was noted for the cultivars Georgia-06G, Georgia Greener, Georgia-07W, Georgia-08V, Georgia-05E, Georgia-03L, Georgia-02C, Georgia-01R, and AP-3. Highest pod yields were found among Georgia-06G, Georgia Greener, Georgia-07W, Georgia-08V, Georgia-05E, and Georgia-01R. In general, the highest average dollar value return above variable cost was found in the Max test as compared to the Min test, and the highest average dollar value return above variable cost including seed cost was found with the runner-type cultivars Georgia-06G and Georgia Greener.
Organ Transplantation Has come of Age
Authors: Calne Roy Y.
Published: June 2010

Organ transplantation started in the mid-1950s with a kidney transplant between identical twins, demonstrating the surgical technique could provide successful therapy. The immunological barrier to be overcome, however, proved to be far more difficult to deal with. The introduction of immunosuppressive agents produced some success but it was not until Cyclosporin became available in the 1980s that results became sufficiently good for widespread acceptance and rapid development of organ grafting. Now with more powerful and selective agents, although there is still much room for improvement in immunosuppression, one of the main problems in organ transplantation is a result of its success, namely a shortage of organ donors. In this review, I summarise these matters.
Visible Past: A location and attention aware learning and discovery environment for digital humanities
Authors: Adam Matei Sorin
Published: June 2010

Visible Past is a cross-platform, scalable research and learning environment. Its primary aim is to help students and scholars experience and communicate with fully immersive, historically accurate models of past geographic realities or to relate information to specific real geographic locations. It also includes location-aware capabilities and in the future will include attention-aware learning scenario.
The British lsles Network of Expert Centres: A collaborative approach to the digital arts and humanities
Authors: Hughes Lorna M. , Ell Paul S.
Published: June 2010

The UK's Network of Expert Centres: A collaborative approach to the digital arts and humanities.

A Network of Expert Centres has been recently been established with a broad mission to facilitate exchange of expertise and outreach across the community of practice engaged in all aspects of digital arts and humanities research and scholarship, including practice-led research; and to promote and facilitate engagement with digital methodologies within the broader research community. Areas of interest and expertise of members include data creation, curation, preservation, management (including rights and legal issues), access and dissemination, and methodologies of data use and re-use. Its membership is open to all such Centres in Great Britain and Ireland.

Since the demise of the Arts and Humanities Data Service and the AHRC ICT Methods Network, there has been no centralized supporting infrastructure and co-oordination of activity in this area. While the Network is by no means a substitute for these services, it will provide a much-needed focus and community resource for all aspects of the digital arts and humanities, including digital tools, projects and methods, as well as data management and sustainability. The Network will also provide greater visibility for publicly funded research projects in this area.

The Network's mission is to advocate, promote and raise awareness and understanding of the use of ICT in research and scholarship in arts and humanities. It will take an active role in developing the scholarly communication agenda in relation to all aspects of digital publications, and outputs. Publications and outputs developed by members will be disseminated via the community resource, arts-humanities.net, which will support the development and exchange of expertise, knowledge, standards and good practice. The Network will also identify and represent the needs of the research community in this key strategic area, and conduct dialogue with relevant stakeholders including funders, libraries, and those engaged in teaching and research in related disciplines.

This article sets out the background to the establishment of the Network, its structure and plans for future development.
Circulating Tumor Cells, Enumeration and Beyond
Authors: Hou Jian-Mei , Krebs Matthew , Ward Tim , Morris Karen , Sloane Robert , Blackhall Fiona , Dive Caroline
Published: June 2010

The detection and enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has shown significant clinical utility with respect to prognosis in breast, colorectal and prostate cancers. Emerging studies show that CTCs can provide pharmacodynamic information to aid therapy decision making. CTCs as a ‘virtual and real-time biopsy’ have clear potential to facilitate exploration of tumor biology, and in particular, the process of metastasis. The challenge of profiling CTC molecular characteristics and generating CTC signatures using current technologies is that they enrich rather than purify CTCs from whole blood; we face the problem of looking for the proverbial ‘needle in the haystack’. This review summarizes the current methods for CTC detection and enumeration, focuses on molecular characterization of CTCs, unveils some aspects of CTC heterogeneity, describes attempts to purify CTCs and scans the horizon for approaches leading to comprehensive dissection of CTC biology.
Satellite Derived Forest Phenology and Its Relation with Nephropathia Epidemica in Belgium
Authors: Barrios José Miguel , Verstraeten Willem W. , Maes Piet , Clement Jan , Aerts Jean-Marie , Haredasht Sara Amirpour , Wambacq Julie , Lagrou Katrien , Ducoffre Geneviève , Ranst Marc Van , Berckmans Daniel , Coppin Pol
Published: June 2010

The connection between nephropathia epidemica (NE) and vegetation dynamics has been emphasized in recent studies. Changing climate has been suggested as a triggering factor of recently observed epidemiologic peaks in reported NE cases. We have investigated whether there is a connection between the NE occurrence pattern in Belgium and specific trends in remotely sensed phenology parameters of broad-leaved forests. The analysis of time series of the MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index revealed that changes in forest phenology, considered in literature as an effect of climate change, may affect the mechanics of NE transmission.
Preparation and Characterization of New Inclusion Compounds Using Stable Nitroxide Radicals and an Organic 1-D Nanochannel as a Template
Authors: Kobayashi Hirokazu , Asaji Tetsuo , Tani Atsushi
Published: June 2010

A new inclusion compound (IC) using di-t-buthyl nitroxide (DBNO) radical and tris(o-phenylenedioxy)cyclotriphosphazene (TPP) (1), which has an organic one-dimensional (1-D) nanochannel in the crystal, is reported. According to the characterization using thermogravimetric analysis (TG), ESR measurements, etc., the composition of the inclusion compound was assigned as TPP:DBNO = 1:0.62. The narrowing of the isotropic ESR adsorption line of 1 was observed with a temperature increase from 103 K to room temperature. The line shape indicated a type of 1-D spin diffusion as observed in our previous study of the IC using TPP and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxyl (TEMPO).
Rhodium-Catalyzed Linear Codimerization and Cycloaddition of Ketenes with Alkynes
Authors: Kondo Teruyuki , Niimi Masatsugu , Yoshida Yuki , Wada Kenji , Mitsudo Take-aki , Kimura Yu , Toshimitsu Akio
Published: June 2010

A novel rhodium-catalyzed linear codimerization of alkyl phenyl ketenes with internal alkynes to dienones and a novel synthesis of furans by an unusual cycloaddition of diaryl ketenes with internal alkynes have been developed. These reactions proceed smoothly with the same rhodium catalyst, RhCl(PPh3)3, and are highly dependent on the structure and reactivity of the starting ketenes.
Cannabinoids and Viral Infections
Authors: Reiss Carol Shoshkes
Published: June 2010

Exogenous cannabinoids or receptor antagonists may influence many cellular and systemic host responses. The anti-inflammatory activity of cannabinoids may compromise host inflammatory responses to acute viral infections, but may be beneficial in persistent infections. In neurons, where innate antiviral/pro-resolution responses include the activation of NOS-1, inhibition of Ca2+ activity by cannabinoids, increased viral replication and disease. This review examines the effect(s) of cannabinoids and their antagonists in viral infections.
Development of a Quartz Crystal Microbalance Biosensor with Aptamers as Bio-recognition Element
Authors: Yao Chunyan , Zhu Tangyou , Qi Yongzhi , Zhao Yuhui , Xia Han , Fu Weiling
Published: June 2010

The ultimate goal in any biosensor development project is its use for actual sample detection. Recently, there has been an interest in biosensors with aptamers as bio-recognition elements, but reported examples all deal with standards, not human serum. In order to verify the differences of aptamer-based biosensor and antibody-based biosensor in clinical detection, a comparison of the performance of aptamer-based and antibody-based quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) biosensors for the detection of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in human serum was carried out. Aptamers (or antibodies) specific to IgE were immobilized on the gold surface of a quartz crystal. The frequency shifts of the QCM were measured. The linear range with the antibody (10–240 μg/L) compared to that of the aptamer (2.5–200 μg/L), but a lower detection limit could be observed in the aptamer-based biosensor. The reproducibility of the two biosensors was comparable. The aptamers were equivalent or superior to antibodies in terms of specificity and sensitivity. In addition, the aptamer receptors could tolerate repeated affine layer regeneration after ligand binding and recycling of the biosensor with little loss of sensitivity. When stored for three weeks, the frequency shifts of the aptamer-coated crystals were all greater than 90% of those on the response at the first day.
The Glucocorticoid Receptor: A Revisited Target for Toxins
Authors: Webster Marketon Jeanette I. , Sternberg Esther M.
Published: June 2010

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation and glucocorticoid responses are critical for survival from a number of bacterial, viral and toxic insults, demonstrated by the fact that removal of the HPA axis or GR blockade enhances mortality rates. Replacement with synthetic glucocorticoids reverses these effects by providing protection against lethal effects. Glucocorticoid resistance/insensitivity is a common problem in the treatment of many diseases. Much research has focused on the molecular mechanism behind this resistance, but an area that has been neglected is the role of infectious agents and toxins. We have recently shown that the anthrax lethal toxin is able to repress glucocorticoid receptor function. Data suggesting that the glucocorticoid receptor may be a target for a variety of toxins is reviewed here. These studies have important implications for glucocorticoid therapy.
Picking a Planner: More Than Random Selection
Authors: Dickerson Pamela S.
Published: June 2010

A nurse planner is an integral part of a provider unit. The nurse planner is responsible for the quality of individual educational activities offered by the provider unit as well as overall functioning of the provider unit. Selecting the right individual or individuals to be nurse planner(s) significantly impacts the provider unit's effectiveness.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2010;41(6):242–243.
Power Inequalities in the Assessment of Nursing Competency Within the Workplace: Implications for Nursing Management
Authors: Cusack Lynette , Smith Morgan
Published: June 2010

This article explores the power implications of implementing competency-based assessments within the nursing work environment from a manager’s perspective. It discusses how the implementation of competency-based assessments for continuing education may affect workplace culture, in particular, the use of power, within the nursing team. The term “managers” for the purpose of this article is defined as “nurses in senior administrative and educational positions within a health care facility.” This article adds to the discourse on competency-based models by emphasizing the effect of the nursing work environment on the competency-based assessment process. It concludes by identifying strategies that can be used by nursing management when designing and implementing an effective and fair competency-based assessment for the nursing workplace.
Modeling Using a Semi-Formal Visual Language
Authors: Paquette Gilbert
Published: June 2010

In this chapter, we present a visual knowledge representation method that can be used by software designers to construct a learning system or task support system. The Modeling using Object Types (MOT) method can also be used in other contexts, especially as a support tool for learners or by experts wishing to represent a particular area of knowledge. In the context of constructivist pedagogy, such activities overlap. Because it places users in a problem-solving environment, a task support system allows them to construct new knowledge. Conversely, a constructivist learning system can use a task support system as a basis for learning activities that focus on solving existing problems, either real or imagined. Such an environment can also engage learners in instructional engineering activities per se by applying the principle that one understands what one can explain clearly to others.
Modeling Tools and Techniques
Authors: Paquette Gilbert
Published: June 2010

In the previous chapters, we emphasized the “what” and “why” dimensions of knowledge modeling. In this chapter, we will focus on the “how” dimension. We will first present MOT+, a graphic editor that fully respects the syntax and grammar rules of modeling using objet types presented in Chapter 2, Table 5.1 We will then use this tool as part of a technical description of the modeling process itself.
Taxonomies of Problems and Generic Skills
Authors: Paquette Gilbert
Published: June 2010

The aim of this chapter is to define what we call “generic skills,” i.e. structured sets of intellectual actions, attitudes, values, and principles that are at the heart of human competencies. We will first examine the various systems that offer different yet convergent views regarding skills. One multi-viewpoint approach to the concept of skill first analyses the taxonomies of generic problems developed in software engineering. Generic problems correspond to human problem-solving skills as described in cognitive science. Another viewpoint is the concept of active meta-knowledge that situates skills in the realm of meta-cognition, i.e. as knowledge acting on other knowledge. A third viewpoint considers research in education that presents skills in the form of taxonomies of learning objectives in relation to cognitive, affective, social, or psychomotor domains.
Modeling for Learning Design Repositories
Authors: Paquette Gilbert
Published: June 2010

The deployment processes of a new technology or a methodology like Instructional Engineering is crucial if we want R&D results and products to reach end users with innovative products and services that produce quality and growth. These preoccupations are at the origin of the IDLD project that provides the main thread of this chapter. This project is based previous projects in the same area: R2R (Paquette, Marino, De la Teja, Lundgren-Cayrol, Léonard & Contamines, 2005) and edusource (McGreal, Anderson, Babin, Downes, Friesen, Harrigan, Hatala, M., MacLeod, Mattson, Paquette, Richards, Roberts & Schafer, 2004).
Electropolymerization of a Bifunctional Ionic Liquid Monomer Yields an Electroactive Liquid‐Crystalline Polymer
Authors: Lee Sungwon , Becht Gregory A. , Lee Byeongdu , Burns Christopher T. , Firestone Millicent A.
Published: June 2010

The preparation and polymerization of a bifunctional imidazolium‐based ionic liquid (IL) monomer that incorporates both a vinyl group and a thiophene moiety is reported. Potentiodynamic electropolymerization of the monomer produces an optically birefringent polymer film that strongly adheres to the electrode surface. Fourier transform IR spectroscopy shows that polymerization occurs through both the vinyl and thienyl groups. Cylic voltammetry (CV) is used to determine the polymer oxidation potential (1.66 V) and electrochemical bandgap, Eg, of 2.45 eV. The polymer exhibits electrochromism, converting from yellow in the neutral form (λmax = 380 nm) to blue in the polaronic state at 0.6 V (λmax = 672 nm) and to blue‐grey in the bipolaronic state at 1.2 V (λmax > 800 nm). Topographic atomic force microscopy (AFM) images reveal isolated (separated) fibrils. Grazing‐incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS) studies indicate a lamellar structure with a lattice spacing of 3.2 nm. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) studies further suggest that the polymerized thiophene sheets are oriented perpendicular to the polymerized vinylimidazolium. The electrical conductivity, as determined by four‐probe dc conductivity measurements was found to be 0.53 S cm−1 in the neutral form and 2.36 S cm−1 in the iodine‐doped state, values higher than typically observed for polyalkylthiophenes. The structural ordering is believed to contribute to the observed enhancement of the electrical conductivity.
Flare Minimization Strategy for Ethylene Plants
Authors: Yang X. , Xu Q. , Li K.
Published: June 2010

Flaring is an important but passive method in ethylene plants to protect plant personnel, facilities, and the ambient environment. However, excessive flaring emits huge amounts of CO, CO2, NOx, and hazardous volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which may cause locally transient air pollution problems and negative societal impacts. Flaring may also cause high losses of raw material and energy that could generate more desired products for the industry. Thus, flare minimization has great benefits to environmental, societal, and industrial sustainability. Based on current industrial practices, a general strategy for flare minimization under various ethylene plant events is presented.
Simulation and Analysis of a Tubular Fixed‐Bed Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis Reactor with Co‐Based Catalyst
Authors: Wu J. , Zhang H. , Ying W. , Fang D.
Published: June 2010

A two‐dimensional pseudohomogeneous reactor model is proposed to simulate the performance of fixed‐bed Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis (FTS) reactors by lumped thought. A CO consumption kinetics equation and a carbon chain growth probability model were incorporated into the reactor model. The model equations discretized by a two‐dimensional orthogonal collocation method were solved by the Broyden method. Concentration and temperature profiles were obtained. The validity of the reactor model against the pilot plant test data was investigated. Satisfactory agreements between model prediction values and experiment results were obtained. Further simulations were carried out to investigate the effect of operating conditions on the reaction behavior of the fixed‐bed FTS reactor.
ChemInform Abstract: Ab initio Study of Structure and Bonding of Strontium Clusters.
Authors: Wang Yixuan , Flad Heinz‐Juergen , Dolg Michael
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.