bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF LYSATE PLATELET-RICH FIBRIN EFFECTS ON HUMAN DENTAL PULP STEM CELL DIFFERENTIATION THROUGH DENTIN SIALOPHOSPHOPROTEIN EXPRESSION
Authors: SWASTININGTYAS SILVIANA , MARGONO ANGGRAINI , ASRIANTI DINI , OKTAYANI RUNY , YULIANTO INDAH
Published: July 2020

Objective: In vitro, the culture media in which human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are grown are supplemented with specific growth factors thatinduce cell cycle entry and differentiation. Lysate platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) is a unique and stable growth factor supplement produced from plateletslysed by freezing-thawing. In this study, we aimed to analyze the potential effects of L-PRF on hDPSC differentiation.Methods: We divided hDPSCs isolated from human third molars at the second passage into five culture media groups treated with 1%, 5%, 10%,and 25% L-PRF or 10% fetal bovine serum (control). After 7 days, we evaluated hDPSC differentiation using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assayspecific for dentin sialophosphoprotein and Alizarin-Red staining.Results: None of our analyses revealed any significant differences between the L-PRF- and control-treated cells.Conclusion: L-PRF could potentially induce the differentiation of hDPSCs in vitro.
TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-β1 EXPRESSION IN VARIOUS CONCENTRATIONS OF ADVANCED PLATELET-RICH FIBRIN MODULATING HUMAN DENTAL PULP STEM CELL DIFFERENTIATION
Authors: MARGONO ANGGRAINI , ASRIANTI DINI , PRIHADINI FRIEDA AYU , JULIANTO INDAH
Published: July 2020

Objective: Modification of the speed and time of centrifugation based on the low-speed centrifugation concept for platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has resulted in a new type of PRF known as advanced PRF (A-PRF). A-PRF can release several types of growth factors (GFs) that participate in the process of differentiation, such as transforming GF-β1 (TGF-β1). The aim of this study was to analyze TGF-β1 expression in various concentrations of A-PRF in the differentiation process of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).Methods: hDPSC cultures were obtained from those of previous research (ethical approval form has been attached). These hDPSCs were in the 2nd–3rd passage, and serum starvation was done by reducing fetal bovine serum (FBS) levels in the hDPSC culture media. A-PRF was obtained using 10 ml blood collected from the cubital vein, which was centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 14 min and then divided into four concentration groups. TGF-β1 expression in 1%, 5%, and 25% A-PRF as well as in 10% FBS (control) was analyzed by ELISA on day 7.Results: Although no significant differences were observed in TGF-β1 expression between 1%, 5%, and 25% A-PRF, and 10% FBS, it was observed that the higher the concentration of A-PRF, the greater the TGF-β1 expression.Conclusion: The expression of TGF-β1 was consistent with the increase in A-PRF concentration. The highest TGF-β1 expression was detected in 25% A-PRF among all concentrations in the differentiation process of hDPSCs.
REMINERALIZATION EFFECT OF POLYASPARTIC ACID IN THE POLYMER-INDUCED LIQUID PRECURSOR PROCESS ON THE INTRAFIBRILLAR DENTIN (SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE AND ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY ANALYSIS)
Authors: DEVINA RIVANTI IRMADELA , CLARISSA ADELINE , DJAUHARIE NILAKESUMA , NAZAR KAMIZAR , MEIDYAWATI RATNA
Published: July 2020

Objective: This study aims to analyze remineralization that occurred in demineralized dentin following polyaspartic acid (pAsp) in PILP immersion.Methods: Sixteen dentin block samples were immersed in demineralized solution. The samples were divided into controls (no pAsp immersion) orpAsp immersion for 3, 7, or 14 days (n’s=4). The samples were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to observe morphology andenergy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) to observe calcium and phosphate levels.Results: SEM revealed that pAsp immersion resulted in significantly higher dentin remineralization compared to the control group. However, therewere no significant differences among 3, 7, and 14 days of immersion. EDX revealed that remineralization occurred by the deposition of calcium andphosphate ions.Conclusion: Including pAsp in the PILP process produced rapid remineralization of demineralized dentin.
COMPARISON OF ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY BETWEEN XANTHORRHIZOL (CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA ROXB.) AND CHLORHEXIDINE 2% AGAINST ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS CLINICAL ISOLATE BIOFILM
Authors: PERMITASARI RIZA , NAZAR KAMIZAR , MEIDYAWATI RATNA , PRASETYANTI RIZKA EKA
Published: July 2020

Objective: In root canal treatments, chlorhexidine (CHX) is widely used for irrigation and is effective in killing Enterococcus faecalis. CHX is a syntheticchemical and is toxic to host cells; therefore, natural or herbal irrigation solutions, which are safer but still effective, are necessary. The aim of thisstudy is to analyze the effect of xanthorrhizol (XNT) derived from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. on E. faecalis clinical isolate biofilm formation (0.5%,0.75%, 1%, 1.25%, and 1.5%).Methods: The MTT assay and total plate count were performed for assessing the effectiveness of herbal ingredients, while CHX (2%) was used as apositive control. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests for analyzing differences between groups.Results: Xanthorrhizol concentrations of 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, 1.25%, and 1.5% reduced the amount of bacteria that grew as biofilms in vitro. We foundthat the ability of xanthorrhizol 1% to inhibit E. faecalis biofilm formation was not significantly different compared with that of CHX 2% (p>0.05).Conclusion: Xanthorrhizol 1% can inhibit biofilm formation by E. faecalis. Further studies are required to confirm this preliminary result.
ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF XANTHORRHIZOL (CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA ROXB.) AGAINST THE BIOFILM OF FUSOBACTERIUM NUCLEATUM
Authors: FITRI MAIDA , NAZAR KAMIZAR , MEIDYAWATI RATNA , AZMI REZA
Published: July 2020

Objective: Endodontic infections are treated with a root canal; one of the stages involves using an irrigation solution to eliminate microorganisms.Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is an irrigation solution used to eliminate Fusobacterium nucleatum, the common cause of primary endodonticinfections. However, this material is synthetic and can cause side effects and inflammation of the periapical tissues. Thus, an irrigation solution, suchas xanthorrhizol, which is made of natural ingredients, is required. However, xanthorrhizol’s antibacterial effect against F. nucleatum has never beenassessed. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the effect of xanthorrhizol, derived from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb., against F. nucleatum ATCC 25586biofilm.Methods: The methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay test and colony count test were performed to assess F. nucleatum eradication after exposure toxanthorrhizol at various concentrations (0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, 1.25%, and 1.5%) and 2.5% NaOCl, which was used as positive control.Results: Significant differences were observed in terms of cell viability after treatment with xanthorrhizol at concentrations of 1.25% versus 0.5%,0.75%, and 1%. The MTT assay test was used to evaluate cell viability in the biofilm and cell metabolism activities. Results showed no significantdifferences in terms of efficacy between xanthorrhizol at concentrations of 1.25% and 1.5%, which are considered effective against F. nucleatum, and2.5% NaOCl (p>0.05).Conclusion: The effect of xanthorrhizol at concentrations of 1.25% and 1.5% against F. nucleatum is similar to that of 2.5% NaOCl.
EFFECT OF GRAPE SEED EXTRACT SOLUTION ON THE MICROHARDNESS OF THE ROOT CANAL DENTIN: AN IN VITRO STUDY
Authors: ALINDA SYLVA , MARGONO ANGGRAINI , ASRIANTI DINI
Published: July 2020

Objective: Grape seed extract (GSE) containing proanthocyanidin as a root canal irrigation solution has its antibacterial effects and ability to eliminatethe smear layer. In addition, proanthocyanidin acts as a cross-linking agent of collagen, which adds to dentin’s mechanical properties. This studyanalyzed the effect of GSE containing 2.9% proanthocyanidin on the microhardness of the dentin in the root canal.Methods: Fifty teeth were divided into three groups and immersed in GSE solution, 3% NaOCl solution, or distilled water (controls) for 30 min for 3consecutive days. The microhardness was measured using the Vickers method. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test.Results: The GSE group presented the highest microhardness values, whereas the lowest values in the NaOCl group. No significant difference inmicrohardness observed between the GSE and distilled water groups.Conclusion: The GSE solution maintains the microhardness of the root canal dentin.
Self-control untuk mengurangi perilaku menonton film dewasa di internet
Authors: Abdullah Elis Suci Prapitasari
Published: July 2020

AH (laki-laki/26 tahun) mengalami suatu permasalahan yaitu kesulitan dalam mengontrol perilaku maladaptif berupa menonton film dewasa beradegan porno di internet. Berdasarkan hasil asesmen menggunakan berbagai metode asesmen seperti wawancara, tes WAIS, dan instrumen berupa cyber pornography addiction test (CYPAT). Subjek kurang mampu dalam mengontrol dirinya untuk melakukan perilaku menonton film dewasa di internet. Hal tersebut dikarenakan adanya kepuasan dan perasaan nyaman yang dialami subjek setelah melakukan perilaku tersebut. Namun, di sisi lain subjek juga merasa dirugikan karena produktivitas kesehariannya menjadi menurun akibat terlalu banyak waktu yang dihabiskan untuk menonton. Intervensi bertujuan untuk mengontrol diri agar terhindar dari situasi pemicu yang dapat membuat subjek melakukan aktivitas menonton film dewasa di internet. Hasil intervensi menunjukkan bahwa subjek menunjukkan pencapaian yang cukup baik dalam mengontrol perilakunya. Intensitas perilaku maladaptif berupa menonton film dewasa beradegan porno menjadi berkurang
Kajian Tingkat Kepercayaan Publik Terhadap Dewan Perwakilan Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: La Husen Zuada  , Samad Muhammad Ahsan , Aisyah Nur
Published: July 2020

Tulisan ini mengkaji tentang tingkat kepercayaan publik terhadap DPRD Sulawesi Tenggara. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskrpitif kuantiatif. Teknik pengumpulan data digunakan melalui metode angket, teknik dokumentasi, teknik wawancara, dan focus group discucssion. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa tingkat kepercayaan publik terhadap DPRD Sulawesi Tenggara berada dalam kategori sedang dengan skor tingkat kepercayaan publik 3,23 skala likert dengan rentang kriteria sebesar 64,47 % . Penelitian ini merekomendasikan strategi meningkatkan kepercayaan publik, meliputi: a). Peningkatan akuntabilitas dan transparansi DPRD; b). Penguatan kelembagaan DPRD; c). Peningkatan pemahaman masyarakat tentang DPRD; d). Meningkatkan dukungan  administrasi  dan  teknis terhadap  pelaksanaan  fungsi dan tugas DPRD; e). Peningakatan dukungan tenaga ahli/staf ahli; f). Optimalisasi peran Humas DPRD; g). Perwujudan  teknologi informasi dan komunikasi yang terintegrasi; h). Pengelolaan website, penggunaan media sosial dan penyediaan TV dan Radio Parlemen serta majalah parlemen.
Permasalahan Pekerja Anak Di Kota Kendari
Authors: Elwan La Ode Muhammad , Aslim La Ode
Published: July 2020

Faktor kemiskinan dan tidak terjangkaunya biaya pendidikan mendorong anak meninggalkan bangku sekolah dan beralih menjadi pekerja anak. Permasalahan pekerja anak di Kota Kendari perlu dicermati dan disikapi dengan baik, di kota Kendari banyak terdapat anak bekerja di sektor informal: tukang pikul di pelabuhan dan di pasar tradisional, tukang parkir, penjual asongan di traffic light dan jasa pencucian kendaraan, pengamen, peminta sumbangan, pemulung dan pengemis. Sangat urgen untuk dilakukan Analisis keputusan anak untuk bekerja di Kota Kendari Sulawesi Tenggara Indonesia. Tujuanpenelitian untuk menganalisis faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan anak untuk bekerja dan mengidentifikasi  permasalahan pekerja anak di Kota Kendari. Penelitian menggunakan metode mix kuantitatif dan kualitatif, jumlah responden 120 orang (pekerja anak dan orangtua), menggunakan teknik analisa data deskriptif, Analisis Statistik (Uji Z, Uji F dan Uji R2 Mc Fadden). Hasil penelitian dan analisis uji statistik menunjukan bahwa  terdapat dua variabel bebas berpengaruh kuat (nilai signifikasi) yakni pendapatan kepala rumah tangga (X1) dan lingkungan anak (D2) mempengaruhi keputusan anak untuk bekerja dan variable bebas lain saling mempengaruhi. Karakteristik rumah tangga dan pekerja anak Kota Kendari secara umum adalah keluarga miskin sehingga mempengaruhi anak untuk bekerja. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah faktor kemiskinan rumah tangga pekerja anak memberikan pengaruh kuat terhadap anak untuk bekerja, dan rata-rata anak yang bekerja didasari atas kemauan sendiri, juga dipengaruhi oleh masih lemahnya intervensi pemerintah dalam penanggulangan permasalahan pekerja anak
Penguatan Program Prioritas Pemerintah Daerah Dalam Mewujudkan Good Governance Di Kabupaten Gorontalo
Authors: Napir Suaib , Junus Dikson
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis, mengidentifikasi dan mendeskripsikan bagaimana penguatan Program Prioritas Pemerintah Daerah dalam mewudjukan good governace di Kabupaten Gorontalo. Metode Penelitian: Menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif, teknik pengumpulan data; observasi, wawancara dan dokumen.  teknik  analisis  data  model interaktif Miles, Huberman dan Saldana (2014). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: pertama, Indeks Profesionalitas Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) Pemerintah Kabupaten Gorontalo tahun 2018, secara umum memperoleh nilai 50,64 pada kategori Sangat Rendah. Hasil pehitungan indeks terdiri dari: Kategori tingkat profesionatitas ASN, dari 64 OPD, 1 OPD mendapatkan hasil IP kategori sedang, 10 OPD kategori rendah, dan 53 kategori sangat rendah. Kedua, Kualitas ASN masih kurang optimal dalam implementasi kebijakan terkait dengan Program Prioritas Pemerintah Kabupaten Gorontalo yang terdapat dalam dokumen RPJMD 2016-2021, sehingga ukuran indeks professional ASN pemerintah Kabupaten Gorontalo tahun 2018 sebanyak 85,71 persen masuk kedalam kategori sangat rendah
Penerapan Collaborative Governance dalam Pengentasan Kumuh dan Isu Pengembangan Potensi Lokal Kawasan Pesisir Kabupaten Tangerang
Authors: Salmon Indra Pratama Putra , Ismail
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini mengkaji strategi collaborative governance dalam mengatasi paradoks berupa tingginya potensi sumber daya alam (SDA). Sangat menarik ketika terjadi paradoks banyaknya kelebihan dan peluang kesejahteraan namun pada kenyataannya belum mampu terselesaikan dan terjadi keterpurukan. Dengan dilatarbelakangi oleh fenomena kumuh permukiman, minimnya prasarana sarana utilitas (PSU), serta kemiskinan di Pesisir Kabupaten Tangerang, penelitian ini berupaya menjelaskan peran stakeholder dalam upaya mengatasi masalah tersebut. Objek penelitian yakni di 4 (empat) kawasan pesisir di Kabupaten Tangerang yakni Desa Dadap, Desa Tanjung Pasir, Desa Kohod, dan Desa Surya Bahari. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumen. Teknik analisis dilakukan dengan teknik participation rural appraisal (PRA) yang dilanjutkan pemetaan SWOT dan penyusunan strategi pembangunan kawasan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap kawasan memiliki isu strategis dan potensi lokal yang berbeda. Skema kerjasama antar stakeholder sesuai dengan kewenangan dan tanggung jawab berpeluang menjadikan 4 (empat) desa di Kabupaten Tangerang berpotensi mengalami kemajuan perkembangan, baik dari aspek sosial maupun ekonomi. Upaya awal yakni dengan melaksanakan skema berbagi peran antar stakeholder dalam pengentasan kumuh serta meningkatkan standar kualitas permukiman beserta PSU sesuai dengan ketentuan regulasi kebijakan. Upaya selanjutnya yakni dengan penguatan kemampuan warga beserta aspek pendukung dalam mengoptimalkan potensi lokal seperti hasil perikanan/kelautan (tangkap/budidaya), agro, pertanian, dan wisata berbasis pesisir
Analisis Penerapan Demokrasi Politik Pemerintahan dan Kesejahteraan Sosial di Indonesia
Authors: Indar Arifin
Published: July 2020

Demokrasi, adalah sebuah sistem politik pemerintahan yang perlu diperjuangan oleh rakyat, setelah kekuatan monarki dan oligarky dianggap tidak memadai untuk menjawab masalah kesejahteraan, kenyamanan, kebebasan berpendapat, dan berbagai kebebasan lainnya. Mungkin itulah kata kunci yang paling utama untuk memaknai penerapan demokrasi politik dan pemerintahan di Indonesia yang bertujuan akhir adalah dalam rangka mencapai kesejahteraan sosial. From the people, by the people, for the people demikian kata Abraham Lincoln,  yang kemudian menjadi konsep yang sangat dasar dan relevan untuk memadukan antara ideologi sebuah negara dan peta politik pemerintahan menuju cita cita tersebut. Demikian  Idiologi sebuah Negara dan peta politik pemerintahan idealnya memiliki orientasi terhadap kesejahteraan Sosial, terlebih dinegara yang memiliki idiologi berkarakter keadilan sosial (Pancasiala dengan sila kelimanya), dan memiliki komitmen sebagai negara kesejahteraan (welfare state) yang menitikberatkan pada kepentingan kesejahteraan warganegaranya.  Penerapan demokrasi yang dimaksud Abraham Lincoln tentu saja diharapkan dapat menyentuh kehidupan dan kesejahteraan (sosial) yang dimaksud, yakni dapat memperkecil kesenjangan antara masyarakat kaya dan masyarakat miskin, bukan hanya sebagai kiasan belaka dan menjadi mitos demokrasi dan kesejahetraan sosial bagi warganya. Demokrasi bukanlah sebagai alat negara untuk mendapatkan keuntungan politik untuk kesejahteraan kaum elit saja,  demokrasi tidak dibuat menjadi tontonan rakyat yang  “vulgar”, dan dijadikan arena panggung seni “sandiwara” elite politik di Indonesia, akan tetapi demokrasi selayaknya   dapat memberi garansi kepada rakyat tentang tujuan akhirnya yakni keadilan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia.  Demokrasi dianggap sebagai solusi untuk dapat  menyelesaikan berbagai masalah  kesejahteraan sosial  di Indonesia sebagai soal yang paling urgen ditanah air.
Analisis Kebijakan Penanggulangan Bencana (Studi Kasus PERDA Kota Palu Nomor 5 Tahun 2011)
Authors: Riady Ibnu Khaldun  , Syugiarto  , Yulizar Pramudika Tawil
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Kebijakan Penanggulangan Bencana yaitu Peraturan Daerah Kota Palu Nomor 5 Tahun 2011 tentang Penyelenggaraan Penanggulangan Bencana. Adapun penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kepustakaan. Teori Analisis Kebijakan untuk melakukan analisis kebijakan, perlu memperhatikan tiga indikator yaitu: 1) Nilai; 2) Fakta; dan 3) Tindakan, digunakan sebagai dasar untuk melakukan analisis dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Peraturan Daerah Kota Palu Nomor 5 Tahun 2011 tentang Penyelenggaraan Penanggulangan Bencana dianggap belum optimal dalam penerapannya karena berdasarkan indikator, yaitu: 1) Nilai, belum maksimalnya proses untuk mengakomodir keseluruhan upaya dalam meminimalisir risiko bencana; 2) Fakta, kesesuaian program Pemerintah Kota Palu terhadap upaya penanggulangan bencana melalui peraturan daerah tersebut masih sangat minim; 3) Tindakan, kurangnya implementasi program kegiatan baik berupa sosialisasi, publikasi, maupun mitigasi yang dilakukan Pemerintah Kota Palu
The Performance Of The National Narcotics Agency In Illegal Drugs Prevention Efforts Of Palu City, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Andi Pasinringi
Published: July 2020

This study aims to determine the performance of Badan Narkotika Nasional or the National Narcotics Agency of Palu in the narcotics prevention efforts, determined by the support of the main tasks and functions of the National Narcotics Agency Office of Palu. The theory used to assess performance is with five dimensions of theory to measure the performance of public bureaucracy which are Productivity, Service Quality, Responsiveness, Responsibility, and Accountability as proposed by Agus Dwiyanto (2002). This research utilized descriptive-qualitative approach. Data collection techniques used are but not limited to: Observation, Interview, and Documentation. Informants in this study are determined purposively. The results of the study revealed that based on the five dimensions of performance theory from Agus Dwiyanto, it can be concluded that the performance of the National Narcotics Agency of Palu is not insufficient. Thus, the vision proclaimed by the Palu City Government which was the Realization of Government and Community Synergy Towards Drug-Free Palu City in 2015, was not achieved
Modeling Market Integration and Asymmetric Price Transmission Dynamics of Yam Markets in Ghana
Authors: Abunyuwah Isaac
Published: July 2020

Functioning agricultural markets are fundamental to unlock economic growth and to accelerate agricultural development. Understanding the behavior of agriculture markets is crucial for price, poverty and livelihood policy strategies in agrarian economies. To assess price transmission and market efficiencies of Ghanaian yam markets spatial market integration analysis of five major yam markets: Techiman, Tamale, Wa, Kumasi and Accra was conducted. Monthly wholesale price data between January 2006 and June 2018 were used. Results from the momentum threshold autoregressive (M-TAR) model indicated the presence of co-integration and price transmission asymmetries. Thus, price increases in Techiman reference market are more rapidly transmitted to the other regional markets than price reductions. It is recommended that the source of this type of asymmetry be investigated as it favors middlemen at the expense of producers and retailers/consumers for appropriate marketing policy intervention.
Effects of Exchange Rate Volatility on Trade: Evidence from West Africa
Authors: Fofanah Pabai
Published: July 2020

The objective of this paper has been to investigate the impact of exchange rate volatility on trade in the context of exports, imports, and the trade balance in West Africa. Applying the pooled Ordinary Least Square, the fixed effects, and the random effect models, and obtaining robust estimates for export and trade balance models by employing xtgls, panels (correlated) Corr (ar1), and adopting xtscc, fe regression with Driscoll-Kraay standard error to estimate the import model. The empirical results show that the impact of exchange rate volatility on exports and imports is insignificant. However, the result of the trade balance model shows a positive and significant link between exchange rate volatility and the trade balance. Thus, suggesting that traders tend to engage more in export activities with an increase in exchange rate volatility. Also, the analysis suggests that depreciation of the real exchange rate will lead to a decrease in exports. Thereby, confirming the limited production capability and heavy reliance on imported goods and services. Hence, this study recommends diversification of production activities and adopting strategies aiming at reducing dependence on imported goods and services. The empirical result shows a positive association between an increase in domestic economic activities of trading partners and exports of the West African countries. This implies that West African countries must engage in trade with countries that have a high economic growth rate. The result also shows a positive link between inflation rate and imports. This suggests the implementation of effective monetary policies geared towards controlling inflation.
A Conceptual Framework on the Financial Statement Disclosure in Indonesia Local Government
Authors: Nurlianto Oktavia , Aswar Khoirul
Published: July 2020

This research begins with the problem of the Indonesian Minister of Finance recognizing cities and districts in Indonesia have a low level of compliance regarding financial reports and the Supreme Audit Board (BPK) has published a report that highlights compliance issues in the local government of Indonesia based on the Summary of First Semester Examination Results in 2019 there is a problem of the level of compliance of local government related to the disclosure of financial statements in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors influencing the degree of mandatory disclosure to local governments in Java and Sumatra Islands. This study has three objectives namely to find out the number of local parliamentarians, local government budget spending, existence of an assistance and training program for disclosure financial statement. Therefore, this research contributes to provide an illustration for local governments in measuring financial statement disclosures.
Perfeccionismo y hardiness académico: un estudio correlacional en estudiantes unimetanos
Authors: Aguilar Durán Leonardo Andrés , Castellanos López Marilyn Yisneida , Romero Tizado Deysi María
Published: July 2020

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la relación del perfeccionismo, como rasgo de personalidad y en el ámbito educativo, con el hardiness académico en estudiantes universitarios. Se trató de un estudio no experimental, de alcance correlacional-comparativo y diseño transversal. Participaron 273 estudiantes (Medad = 20.6 ± 2.53) de la Universidad Metropolitana (Caracas-Venezuela), quienes voluntariamente contestaron tres instrumentos de autorreporte. Se encontraron niveles moderados de perfeccionismo y hardiness. Son reportadas diversas diferencias en las variables estudiadas según sexo, trimestre cursado, nivel de preparación al ingresar a la universidad y beneficios socioeconómicos institucionales recibidos. En general, el hardiness se asoció positivamente con el perfeccionismo y sus dimensiones adaptativas, mientras que no mostró relaciones con las dimensiones más desadaptativas del mismo. Este resultado apoya la idea de que el perfeccionismo no incluye únicamente aspectos indeseables, lo que se discute en el marco de la visión negativa que ha imperado sobre el perfeccionismo.
Effect of Ambient Air Temperature on the Performance of Petrol Engine
Authors: R.  Ibraheem Ramzi
Published: July 2020

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of ambient air temperature on the performance of spark ignition engine, and exhaust gas temperature. Various factors taken that affects the performance of four- stroke petrol engine. An experimental study is carried out to investigate engine performance parameters. The experimental results demonstrate that the method proposed to measure the intake ambient air temperature at different engine speeds. The different ambient air temperature was taken (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50°C) at different climate conditions and in the different engine speeds (1500, 2000 and2500 r.pm). The results of experimental shows that increasing ambient air temperature will improve the fuel consumption and thermal efficiency about (14%- 16%) consecutively. It is also shows decrease in the volumetric efficiency with increasing ambient air temperature. However, by increasing sucked air temperature, will lead to increase exhaust gas temperature.
Experimental and Simulation Investigation of Bending Moment Effect on Hollow Columns of Multi-layers of Hybrid Materials
Authors: A. Ramadhan Ayad
Published: July 2020

This paper presented the effect of bending on multi-layer of hollow columns of Hybrid materials (Carbon-Glass /epoxy-Alumina) composite this effect occurred and volume fraction of fibers. An experimental procedure was developed to study the performance of these effects under bending load using a hydraulic bending device type (MATEST. SRL) testing machine. This study has three forms through the selection of columns hollows width to thickness (a/b) (0.5, 1 and 2) with three types of layers of samples (2,4 and8) layers. The ultimate load of failure for each Hybrid/epoxy-Al2O3 had been determined and specified the optimum volume fraction (Vf) due to the effect of mixing 50% and 60% were low in the case for compared 55% volume fraction. To simulate this problem the researcher used Explicit Mesh for AUTODYN under ANSYS-15 software, it was found that maximum bending load for Hybrid/ Epoxy-Al2O3 Specimens, the maximum load of specimens increased with increasing number of layers from 2L to 8L. The results also identified that the maximum load capacity by 55% volume fraction and a/b=0.5 of all composite specimens was highest from the others types of (50% and 60%) volume fractions and (a/b=1 and a/b=2) .Also, the Increasing ratio of stress capacity for specimens have 4 to 2 layers (4/2)  and 8 to 4  (8/4) for experimental results have maximum value with increasing by 48.19%  and 46.84% at (Sp.4#8/Sp.2#4) and (Sp.8#6/Sp.4#6) respectively.
Obstacle Avoidance Techniques for Robot Path Planning
Authors: N. Abdulnabi Ali
Published: July 2020

This paper presents a collision-free path planning approaches based on Bézier curve and A-star algorithm for robot manipulator system. The main problem of this work is to finding a feasible collision path planning from initial point to final point to transport the robot arm from the preliminary to the very last within the presence of obstacles, a sequence of joint angles alongside the path have to be determined. To solve this problem several algorithms have been presented among which it can be mention such as Bug algorithms, A-Star algorithms, potential field algorithms, Bézier curve algorithm and intelligent algorithms. In this paper obstacle avoidance algorithms were proposed Bézier and A-Star algorithms, through theoretical studies and simulations with several different cases, it's found verify the effectiveness of the methods suggested. It's founded the Bézier algorithm is smoothing accurate, and effective as compare with the A-star algorithm, but A-star is near to shortest and optimal path to free collision avoidance. The time taken and the elapsed time to traverse from its starting position and to reach the goal are recorded the tabulated results show that the elapsed time with different cases to traverse from the start location to destination using A-star Algorithm is much less as compared to the time taken by the robot using Bézier Algorithm to trace the same path. The robot used was the Lab-Volt of 5DOF Servo Robot System Model 5250 (RoboCIM5250)
Optical Fiber Amplifiers: Optimization and PerformanceEvaluation
Authors: K. Abass A.
Published: July 2020

This work demonstrates the simulation of two different types of optical fiber amplifiers (OFA) utilizing OptiSystem–10, namely, 3 m length of erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and 7 km length of Raman fiber amplifier (RFA). The counter-pumped architecture is adopted for both proposed optical amplifiers. The optimum pump power (OPP) for each amplifier determines in which the longest 3–dB flat gain bandwidth (3–dB BW), reasonable average gain level (Gav), proper average noise figure (NFav) and lower gain variation (Gvar) were achieved. The EDFA shows best performance at conventional band (C–band) within the pump power of 30 mW.While the better performance is observed at long band (L–band) within the pump power of 600 mW for the RFA.
Flow Separation Control of Backward-Facing Step Airfoil NACA0015 by Blowing Technique
Authors: N. Abed Khuder
Published: July 2020

The aim of this paper is to control the flow separation above backward-facing step (BFS) airfoil type NACA 0015 by blowing method. The flow field over airfoil has been studied both experimentally and computationally. The study was divided into two parts: a practical study through which NACA 0015 type with a backward -facing step (located at 44.4% c from leading edge) on the upper surface containing blowing holes parallel to the airfoil chord was used. The tests were done over two-dimensional airfoil in an open circuit suction subsonic wind tunnel with flow velocity 25m/s to obtain the pressure distribution coefficients. A numerical study was done by using ANSYS Fluent software version 16.0 on three models of NACA 0015, the first one has backward-facing step without blowing, the second with single blowing holes and the third have multi blowing holes technique. Both studies (experimental and numerical) were done at low Reynolds number (Re=4.4x105) and all models have chord length 0.27m.The experimental investigations and CFD simulations have been performed on the same geometry dimensions, it has been observed that the flow separation on the airfoil can be delayed by using  velocity blowing (30m/s) on the upper surface. The multi blowing holes with velocity improved the aerodynamics properties.The multi blowing holes and single blowing hole thesame effect onpressure distribution coefficients
Certain International Legal Issues of Energy Policy of the European Union
Authors: Pushkareva, E F. , Mityushkin V. A.
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION. One of the main tasks facing states in the context of growing world population is to satisfy the growing need to provide stable, cheap and environmentally safe energy. These issues can be addressed both through legal regulation and through the introduction of new technologies, including the gradual transition to renewable energy sources. Th European Union can be considered an undisputed leader in this field, which has carried out a major transformation of its internal energy market over the past two decades, resulting in a revision of traditional mechanisms of its functioning. However, the new legal order has led to new challenges, including those of an international nature, which must be addressed exclusively within the framework of international law. In this regard, this article analyzes current legal issues related to functioning of the EU energy market and their relationship with international law, including obligations arising from the WTO agreements, the UNCLOS as well as environmental treaties. In particular, special attention is given to the analysis of the main gas-related provisions of the Third Energy Package as well to the implementation of the cross-border gas pipeline project Nord Stream 2. Finally, the article covers the key points of the recently adopted Clean energy for all Europeans package.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study is based on multilateral international treaties as well as legal acts and other offi al documents adopted within the European Union. The study is also based on the teachings of domestic and foreign researchers. The authors use general scientific methods as well as special methods such as historical, systematic, formal and comparative.

RESEARCH RESULTS. The study shows that the acts adopted within the European Union in the field of energy may be in conflict with certain international rules, enshrined in the WTO agreements and the UNCLOS. In addition, the authors show that the implementation of the Third Energy Package by the EU Member States should be carried out taking into account the compatibility of the adopted norms with international legal standards on environmental protection.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. Th authors conclude that despite the severity of the European legislation, it should be based on international law, which can restore the broken balance in relations with involved parties, primarily with Russia. The authors also propose to develop and adopt a number of instruments on environmental protection from damage caused by energy activities, including the prevention of transboundary air pollution over long distances and in the course of development and production of fuel and energy resources of the seabed.
Peculiarities of Establishing Mediation in Uzbekistan as an Outof-Court Dispute Resolution
Authors: Ismailova R Sh.
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION. The main purpose of current article is to analyze the measure taken in order to successfully implement mediation in the Republic of Uzbekistan and identify areas in need of further reform. This article reflects the existing situation on the implementation of the mediation procedure in the Republic of Uzbekistan, reveals the existing legislative framework and draws attention to the gaps. It contains changes in legislation made in connection with the entry into force of the Law “On Mediation”, namely, changes made in the Civil Procedure, Civil, Tax, Economic Procedure Codes, as well as to the Law “On Domestic Arbitration Courts”.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. In preparation of the article the author studied the experience of Singapore, China, Germany, Italy and other states on implementation of mediation, there is a comparison of court annexed and private mediation, the advantages and disadvantages of mediation have also been noted, as well as features of the introduction of mediation have also been identified. There are several methods that have been applied during the research such as comparative, empiric, historical and legal ones.

RESEARCH RESULTS. The article reveals some problems of introducing mediation at the present stage of development of society, briefly reveals the content of the law “On Mediation”, which regulates relations connected with the use of mediation to disputes arising from civil law relations, including in connection with business activities, as well as individual labor disputes and disputes arising from family relations. This article also provides some recommendations for the successful implementation of the institute of mediation in Uzbekistan, as well as the popularization of this institution among the population.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION. In the article there is the recommendation to develop a strategy for the development and promotion of mediation, to train all students of the jurisprudence in the “Mediation” discipline, to identify commercial mediation as one of the training directions for mediators, to introduce judicial mediation and to make the mediation procedure mandatory for a certain types of cases. First session of mediation is advised to be obligatory and the continuation of the procedure is left to the will of the parties. Besides that, there is a proposal to amend the legislation noting that organization with state ownership should add mediation clause to their contracts.
International Protection of Human Rights and the Activity of Transnational Corporations.
Authors: Sinyavskiy A. A.
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION. This study analyzes available remedies for victims who have suffered harm from business activity of transnational corporations. The goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of available remedies for the protection human rights of individuals from adverse impacts of the business activity of TNCs. To achieve the goal, it is necessary to fulfill the following tasks: to consider the obligations of TNCs in modern international law, the role of states in the protecting human rights against the business activities of TNCs, examine the content of the right to an effective remedy, and characterize the existing remedies for the individuals.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. During the research the latest theoretical studies of leading Western scholars was analyzed, as well as the regulatory documents, recommendations and reports of the human rights treaty bodies, international human rights treaties and extensive court practice of the ECHR. For this study formal logical, general scientifi , comparative legal and private scientific methods has been applied. 

RESEARCH RESULTS. In recent years, the importance of soft law in the field of international business and human rights has been increasingly strengthened. The UN Guiding principles on Business and Human Rights have become the basis for a draft legally binding instrument to regulate, in international human rights law, the activities of transnational corporations. It should be noted that the latest innovations in the draft related to the introduction of environmental rehabilitation as one of the mandatory forms of redress. Indeed, when considering mass violations of human rights by transnational corporations, we oft n encounter with serious damage to the environment, as a result of which environmental rights are violated. Increasing cases of such violations have led to the need to improve international and domestic remedies.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The study concluded that a remedy would be effective if it would be affordable, acceptable, adequate and timely. An effective remedy against the activities of TNCs should provide an adequate compensation or the leveling of the damage caused and bring TNCs to account for human rights violations in order to ensure such compensation. In turn, access to remedies consists of two interrelated elements: the existence of a grievance mechanism that provides a redress for business-related damage and the availability to the mechanism by aff cted persons. Access to remedies should be provided without discrimination on any of the prohibited grounds and should take into account the situation of vulnerable groups. The approach to the calculation of compensation or the choice of remedy should be individualized, taking into account the social and legal status of the victim.
SPS Measures as Hidden Barriers to International Trade within WTO and EAEU (theory and practice)
Authors: Vorontsova N. A.
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION. Since there are many threats in the modern world, states consider the essence of security in its various manifestations. A rather extensive understanding of security should be noted, as this concept applies to multiple directions of our life. So-called SPS measures are one of the vectors aimed at ensuring safety (protection) of human life and health. The scientific literature covers rather extensively SPS measures, taken by states, which include mandatory sanitary, veterinary and quarantine phytosanitary requirements and procedures. The novelty of the study is that SPS measures will be analyzed in terms of their use as hidden barriers to international trade, as well as how often they are used when a particular sanitary or phytosanitary measure imposed by a state or maintained in force by a member of an international organization restrains or can potentially restrain export of its goods.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. In international trade certain issues of the contemplated problem are regulated by Article XX of GATT, as well as by the Special Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement). Security measures reflected in the Article XXI of GATT-94 are not considered.

RESEARCH RESULTS. Th author concluded that SPS measures construe hidden barriers to international trade. However, it is possible to establish "rules of the game", to agree on this problem in concluded agreements on the rules of application of SPS measures, minimizing the possibility of their unfair use. As for the EAEU law, it affects the development of international norms in the field under consideration.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The urgency of the issues dealt with in the article is based on the fact that every resident of any state in one way or another wants to be sure of the safety of all that he consumes and that the state or a number of states within the framework of an international organization are obliged to ensure this. The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) is no exception, it also faces similar tasks. The article analyzes the results of activities in the sphere of decision-making on SPS measures and the framework of the international organization of regional economic integration – the EAEU.
Typology of Interaction between the International Financial Law and the EU Law
Authors: Lifshits I. M.
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION. Interaction between different legal systems is a substantial challenge for the international law science. Such an interaction becomes even more specific in integration states’ associations which peculiarity is direct effect of the legal acts of such associations with regard to individuals. The article examines various approaches to the interaction between international financial law as a brunch of international law and the EU law. Author outlines different types of the interaction.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. Author researched different types of the interaction on the basis of legal empirical materials in the sphere of finance including international agreements, court decisions, recommendations and working documents. Th methodological basis of the research contains general scientific and special methods including logical, historical, analytical comparative and prognostic methods.

RESEARCH RESULTS. Interaction typology can be made on the basis of various criteria. International financial law and the EU law use a model of interaction between general and special regime of international law as well as a model of implementation of international law in a domestic legal system. The first model has been applied in two cases. When the European Economic Community was established and when mew Members entered in it (genesis interaction) as well as when Member state left the EU (terminal interaction). In the course of current functioning of the EU gives the priority to the second model. The latter contains two methods of interaction: incorporation and reference. Incorporation of soft law rules has specific features since it may be realized not only via legal instruments but also via recommendations of the EU institutes and bodies.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. Basing on the analysis of rule-making and application of law in the EU finance sphere author argues the distinction between monism and dualism is performed using the criterion of the self-execution of international agreements. Interaction of international financial law and the EU law is pursuing on the level of principles and global ideas and values of contemporary world. These principle and values may be declared in the framework of international fora and organizations. Interaction is pursuing on the level ‘general international law and the EU law as a whole’ as well as on the level ‘international financial law and the EU financial law’.
Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan dan Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi pada Kualitas Laporan Keuangan Desa
Authors: Basudewa I Gede Teo , Asri Dwija Putri I G. A. M.
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of leadership style and the use of information technology on the quality of village financial reports. This research was conducted in all villages in the city of Denpasar. The number of villages used is 27 villages and the number of sampels used is 180 people, with the purposive sampling method the respondents chosen must know the management of village funds. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. Based on the analysis revealed that the leadership style and the use of information technology have a positive effect on the quality of village financial reports. The use of information technology has a positive and significant effect on the quality of village financial reports.

Keywords: Leadership Style; Utilization of Information Technology; Quality of Village Financial Reports.
Pengaruh Motivasi, Lingkungan Keluarga, Biaya Pendidikan pada Minat Mahasiswa Mengikuti Pendidikan Profesi Akuntansi
Authors: Paramesti Ningrat Ida Ayu Ardhia , Krisna Dewi Luh Gede
Published: July 2020

Accounting Study Program experiences continuous development, but there are only a few students who are interested in continuing into Professional Accounting Education. The research aims to examine the influence of career motivation, economic motivation, family environment, and perceptions of educational costs on students' interest to study at Accounting Professional Education. Study conducted at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Udayana University. The sample are students at accounting regular program class of 2016, with 181 respondents using simple random sampling. Data collected by questionnaire and analyzed by multiple linear regression. Based on the results, career motivation, economic motivation, family environment, and perceptions of educational costs have a positive effect on student interest in taking the Accounting Professional Education.

Keywords: Career Motivation; Economic Motivation; Family Environment; Perceived Education Costs.