bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changing sources: early Lapita period obsidian in the Bismarck Archipelago
Authors: White J. Peter , Harris Mary‐Noel
Published: November 2014

This paper argues that obsidian movement in the Bismarck Archipelago at the start of the Lapita period shows continuity with earlier patterns and that changes in sources used occur later than the introduction of ceramics. We base our argument on the analysis of obsidian from two ceramic sites in the Duke of York Islands. The sites contain very differently decorated pottery, but both radiocarbon and obsidian hydration dating show they are very close in time, dating to around 3000 years ago. Density and PIXE‐PIGME analysis show that nearly all the obsidian from the putatively older site (SEE), containing ‘classic’ Lapita, came from West New Britain, mostly the Kutau/Bao sources. The possibly slightly later site (SDP), with very thin walled pottery decorated only by rim notching, was initially supplied exclusively from the Umrei source in the Admiralties, with a subsequent reversion to West New Britain. The first two stages in this history appear to be repeated in the similarly dated sequence from EKQ on Mussau Is.

Pre‐Lapita data from New Ireland, Nissan and the Papua New Guinea mainland show an extensive distribution of obsidian, exclusively using West New Britain sources, while in the same period Admiralty obsidian has not been found beyond the Admiralties. Thus the use of West New Britain sources in the probably oldest Lapita levels in the Duke of Yorks and Mussau suggests continuity in obsidian distribution with the preceding period. Some other evidence of continuity is noted.
Losing your temper: the effect of mineral inclusions on pottery analyses
Authors: Summerhayes Glenn R.
Published: November 2014

Pottery from Buka Island, Papua New Guinea, was subjected to chemical characterisation studies using both the electron microprobe and PIXE‐PIGME. I report here on the problems and limits of using chemical analyses on prehistoric pottery to assess questions concerning technology and production patterns, and address in particular the problem of compensating for the chemical noise that arises when mineral inclusions are added to a clay in the manufacturing process of pottery. This chemical noise, if not taken into account, can lead to erroneous models of production and exchange. The results demonstrate that the electron microprobe is a useful tool in overcoming the problem of chemical noise and when used in conjunction with PIXE‐PIGME can also be useful in identifying whether inclusions found in a sherd were manually added or found naturally in the original clay. This allows archaeologists another dimension to identify technological changes between assemblages.
Bone collagen diagenesis at Roonka Flat, South Australia: implications for isotopic analysis
Authors: Pate F. Donald
Published: November 2014

A simple screening procedure to select archaeological bone samples for radiocarbon dating or stable isotope analysis is assessed at the Roonka Flat Dune, South Australia. Carbon and nitrogen concentrations in HCl insoluble bone extracts are employed to address variations in collagen preservation. Sandy sediments like those at Roonka provide one of the poorest environments for archaeological bone preservation. However, many prehistoric human interments and midden deposits occur in sandy contexts. Archaeological bone specimens from 86 human skeletons dating from ca.10ka BP to AD 1840 are assigned to Good, Intermediate, and Poor collagen preservation categories according to variations in extract carbon and nitrogen concentrations. Good collagen preservation was restricted to the Late Holocene skeletons and included 47% (32/68) of the sample. Over 83% (15/18) of the Early Holocene sample and 34% (23/68) of the Late Holocene sample were placed in the Poor collagen preservation category on the basis of low carbon and nitrogen concentrations. As the archaeological bone at Roonka becomes more poorly preserved, atomic C/N ratios increase and are more variable, and stable carbon isotope values become more positive and also show greater variability. Collagen yields from whole bone are extremely variable and do not relate to variations in collagen preservation. There is also extreme variability in collagen preservation in bone from closely associated burials. With regard to skeletal maturity, suabadults generally have better collagen preservation than adults.
Review
Authors: Glover Ian C.
Published: November 2014

The Bronze Age of South East Asia By C.F.W. Higham. Cambridge University Press, 1996. ISBN 0521 49660 8 (Hb), 0 521 5605 7 (Pb). Pp. xvi + 381. $A99 (Hb), $A39.95 (Pb).
Review
Authors: Sheppard Peter J.
Published: November 2014

Le Temps D'Avant. La Préhistoire de la Nouveille Caledonie. By Christophe Sand. L'Harmattan, Paris, 1995. ISBN 2 7384 3371 5. Pp. 356.
The Asian connection: preliminary report on Indonesian trepang sites on the Kimberley coast, N.W. Australia
Authors: Morwood M.J. , Hobbs D.R.
Published: November 2014

Indonesian trepang sites along the Kimberley coastline provide evidence for recent, regular contact between Asia and Australia. This paper summarises the known history of the Indonesian trepang industry in the Kimberley, then describes a number of sites recorded as part of a larger research project on Asian cultural contact in the region. It concludes that recent Indonesian sites along the Kimberley coast contain a range of information not otherwise documented, while older Indonesian sites could shed light on important aspects of Australian prehistory.
Review
Authors: Mowat Fiona
Published: November 2014

Archaeology of Northern Australia: Regional perspectives. Edited by Peter Veth and Peter Hiscock. Archaeology and Material Culture Studies in Anthropology. Anthropology Museum, University of Queensland, St Lucia. Tempus Volume 4, 1996. ISBN 909611 44 0. Pp. iv + 212. $A35.00 (posted in Australia), $A45.00 (posted elsewhere).
A pottery pit at locality WKO013A, Lapita (New Caledonia)
Authors: Sand Christophe , Coote Karen , Bole Jacques , Ouetcho Andre
Published: November 2014

The discovery of a group of associated pots at site WKO013A is described. The eleven best preserved posts are described and illustrated, and their conservation noted.
Stable Carbon and Nitrogen isotope evidence for prehistoric hunter‐gatherer diet in the lower Murray River basin, South Australia
Authors: Pate F. Donald
Published: November 2014

Stable isotope data are making significant contributions to reconstructions of past lifeways by providing information about dietary variability, habitat use, and palaeoecology. Late Holocene hunter‐gatherers from the lower Murray River Basin of South Australia have bone collagen stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values similar to those for prehistoric lakeshore inhabitants of southern Ontario, Canada. While δ13C values indicate a C3‐based terrestrial diet for this Aboriginal riverine population, the addition of δ15N data provides more precise dietary discrimination suggesting a focus on local terrestrial mammals such as kangaroos, wombats, and dingoes supplemented by freshwater fish, mussels, and crustaceans. Faunal remains from lower Murray rockshelters also indicate diets based on terrestrial mammals and freshwater fish and shellfish during the Late Holocene. Elevated bone collagen δ15N values in the Roonka Flat human population are related to the consumption of local δ15N‐enriched foods such as dingoes, terrestrial herbivores, and freshwater fish. With regard to sedentism and territoriality, the stable isotope data indicate limited movement of food and people between the riverine environment and adjacent arid interior and coastal habitats.
The face of Lapita
Authors: Summerhayes Glenn R.
Published: November 2014

A tiny modelled clay head from a Lapita period site on Babase Is., P.N.G. is described.
Review
Authors: Pardoe Colin
Published: November 2014

Continent of Hunter‐gatherers: new perspectives on Australian prehistory. By Harry Lourandos. Cambridge University Press 1997. ISBN 0–521–35946–5 pb; 0–521–35106–5 hb. Pp xvii + 390. Price: AUD 39.95 pb; AUD 99.95 hb.
Willandra Lakes revisited: environmental framework for human occupation
Authors: Bowler J.M.
Published: November 2014

The story of the Willandra Lakes is also the story of those ancient people who lived there. The landforms, sediments and soils provide the environmental framework within which the patterns of human occupation must be interpreted. The original stratigraphic system involved just two units, the Mungo and Zanci. Two additional units are now defined; one incorporating complexities between Mungo and Zanci, the Arumpo Unit, and a second to acknowledge the reality of a lake full phase near 18ka cal., postdating Zanci aridity of the last glacial maximum. This new unit is defined from Lake Mulurulu as the Mulurulu Unit.

Improved facies analysis from data involving lake sediments, freshwater quartz beach sands (QBSs) and lake‐dry pelletal clay dunes (PCDs) helps refine the sequence of environmental changes. Revision of radiocarbon chronologies with conversion to calendar years, and additional dates (radiocarbon, luminescence, amino acid racemisation) permit new age definitions of major environmental changes and human‐land interactions.

Following a lake‐full phase (Lower Mungo time) from before about 55ka cal., a phase of PCD accumulation is dated to near 40ka cal. defining an early stage of hydrologic stress. Progressive water level oscillations continued (Arumpo time) culminating in major drying with deflation and extension of regional dune building over large areas of the Murray Basin near 20ka cal. (Zanci time). Freshwater returned temporarily to the Willandra lakes about 18–19ka cal.

Throughout the period 25–19ka cal. spanning the glacial maximum, the apparent absence of fish and unionid mussels may reflect major temperature depression corresponding also to the period of maximum aridity. The ecological stress experienced at this time had an immense impact on the landscape, plants and especially larger animals, requiring new adaptive responses from human occupants. Early grinding techniques, pre‐dating evidence of seed grinding, are suggested.

Reconstruction of the sedimentary sequence at the main archaeological site at Joulni reveals a pre‐Mungo unit deep in the sequence of a system developed by barrier construction isolating the Joulni Plain from the main lake. Analogous conditions at Lake Victoria today mirror development of the Joulni archaeological site. Oldest artefacts occurring within this un‐named unit are dated beyond 45ka cal.

Human occupation on the lakeshore barrier system at Lake Mungo involved aquatic harvesting (fish and shellfish) associated with human burials before the onset of PCD deposition, pre‐40ka‐cal. The association here of the complex burial ritual (Mungo III) involving anointing with ochre at this time presents one of the dramatic mysteries of ancient human cultural development. In death, the story of that person illuminates our understanding of those ancient occupants and the Ice Age environments that supported them.
Archaeological excavations at Mungo
Authors: Shawcross Wilfred
Published: November 2014

This is a report on the uncompleted programme of field surveys and excavations of two large trenches, carried out by the author at Mungo between 1974 and 1980. The objective was to substantiate and develop the discoveries of 1969. Influences on the research design and methods, and a short history of ideas in Archaeology and their impact during the protracted study are given. The excavation results reveal an anomaly between the apparent stratigraphy and artefact deposits. This distribution of artefacts is tested by regression, which leads to the identification of micro topography within the Upper Mungo unit, not obvious from the stratigraphy. The reinterpretation is successfully tested by artefact conjoining. The micro topography is then shown to explain other observations on the faunal assemblage and stratigraphy. It is now possible to interpret the site as a specialised manufacturing area located on a part of the lake shore chosen for its local climatic conditions.
The impact of visitors on Aboriginal sites in Mungo National Park
Authors: Midgley Emma , Spennemann Dirk H.R. , Johnston Harvey
Published: November 2014

Visitor impact is an inherent and dynamic component of cultural heritage management whenever cultural sites are accessed by people. Mungo National Park has become the focus of some 35,000 visitors per year. The impacts these visitors have on the archaeological record are investigated in this study. A series of fourteen mock sites, composed of stone artefact and bone scatters, were created in the park and the impacts that visitors had on these sites were monitored over a five month period. The results indicate that high visitation areas are subject to a variety of impacts, and site components are frequently moved, turned over, clustered and pilfered. Recognition of these impacts can lead to improvements in the management and conservation of archaeological sites.
Review
Authors: Galipaud Jean Christophe
Published: November 2014

Prehistoric Settlement of the Pacific Edited by Ward H. Goodenough Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, Vol.86, Pt5, 1996. ISBN 0–87169–865‐X. Pp. viii + 169. Price USD20.
Monumental grandeur and political florescence in pre‐contact Hawai'i: Excavations at Pi'ilanihale Heiau, Maui
Authors: Kolb Michael J.
Published: November 2014

Pi'ilanihale, the largest religious temple in the Hawaiian archipelago, is a premier example of monumental architecture. Conflicting evidence, however, exists as to when it was constructed and how it was used. Archaeological excavations undertaken at the site indicate that the structure was built early in the course of Maui political development before the island was unified into a single political unit, and did not serve as one of the polity‐level war temples common to late traditional Hawaiian society. Results from this project help clarify conflicting oral historical and preliminary archaeological data.
Review
Authors: Bellwood Peter
Published: November 2014

Anaiio: the archaeology of a fourteenth century Polynesian community in the Cook Islands. By Richard Walter. New Zealand Archaeological Association Monograph 22, 1998. ISSN 0111–5715. ISBN 0–9597915–5–8. Pages 115. NZD28+post.
How old is north Queensland's rock‐art? A review of the evidence, with new AMS determinations
Authors: David Bruno , Armitage Ruth ann , Hyman Marian , Rowe Marvin W. , Lawson Ewan
Published: November 2014

It has been 18 years since Andrée Rosenfeld suggested that the rock‐art of north Queensland changed from non‐figurative to mainly figurative forms some 5–4000 years ago. Her views were based on a small regional database and on indirect chronological evidence. This paper looks afresh at the antiquity of north Queensland's rock‐art by reviewing the existing evidence — much elaborated since Rosenfeld's pioneering work — and by presenting new AMS radiocarbon results undertaken directly on rock‐art. Her general chronological model is supported and refined by these new findings.
Bedrock notions and isochrestic choice: evidence for localised stylistic patterning in the engravings of the Sydney region
Authors: McDonald JO
Published: November 2014

This paper explores stylistic variability in engraved art in the Sydney region. It is argued that engravings operated in a distinctive social context, fulfilling a regional bonding function and providing the opportunity for large scale group cohesion. Conversely the sheltered pigment art, produced in an arguably domestic social context, is thought to have provided the opportunity for individual and localised group identifying behaviour.

The region's open engravings are considered to be the stylistically more conservative of the two art components. This paper explores rare engraved motifs and compositional details in an attempt to explore the artists of this region's bedrock notions and isochrestic choices (Sackett 1990). It concludes that by exploring regional patterning at a variety of integrated scales we can understand better the processes and complexities of a regional rock art network.
Origins of the Western Desert language: convergence in linguistic and archaeological space and time models
Authors: Veth Peter
Published: November 2014

Recently linguists have adopted historical approaches to provide chronologies for the expansion of languages in Australia. McConvell (1996) has defined an approach he refers to as linguistic prehistory, in which the methods of comparative linguistics are used to estimate the point of origin and timing of the spread of the Western Desert language. McConvell and others have aimed to calibrate these reconstructions against available archaeological evidence from the Western Desert. In this paper I consider recent archaeological syntheses from the Western Desert and discuss how inferred changes in archaeological site patterning, occupational intensity, technology, symbolic schema and exchange systems may correlate with linguistic phases of expansion. It is an assumption of this paper that the spread of a language occurs through the migration of those language speakers.
Review
Authors: Field Judith
Published: November 2014

The Pure State of Nature: Sacred Cows, Destructive Myths and the Environment By David Horton Allen & Unwin, St. Leonards, N.S.W., 2000 ISBN 1865081078. Pp.xvi + 192. AUD21.95
Review
Authors: Fullagar Richard
Published: November 2014

Culture of Stone. Sacred and profane uses of stone among the Dani. By O.W. ‘pBud’ Hampton Texas A&M University Press, College Station, 1999. ISBN 0 89096 870 5 hardcover. Pp. xxv + 331. USD69.95.
Megaliths of Muyuw (Woodlark Island), Milne Bay Province, PNG
Authors: Bickler Simon H. , Ivuyo Baiva
Published: November 2014

Archaeological survey on Muyuw (Woodlark Island) in the Massim area of Papua New Guinea located a number of stone arrangements, commonly known as megaliths. Test excavations have revealed the use of the stone arrangements as burial structures. The Muyuw data show a complex pattern of changing internal relationships and regional political relationships. The presence of stone arrangements in all the major islands of the northern Massim (and possibly beyond), hints at a shared regional symbolic system for dealing with the dead, and organising labour for public work. Stone arrangements form a complex Early Period (~1500BP–600BP) landscape built for the dead to negotiate relationships between the living throughout the northern Massim. Yet by 600 BP, this landscape had probably lost its symbolic potency. These sites are discussed in relation to the prehistory of the island and the region as a whole.
Review
Authors: White J. Peter
Published: November 2014

East of Wallace's Line. Studies of past and present maritime cultures of the Indo‐Pacific region Edited by Sue O'Connor and Peter Veth. Modern Quaternary Research in Southeast Asia 16. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 2000. ISBN 90 5809 319 0. Pp. vi + 380. USD 76; UKP 46.
Bones of Contention: Reply to Walshe
Authors: Gould R.A. , O'Connor S. , Veth P.
Published: November 2014

A recent critique by Walshe of taphonomic analyses made at three key arid zone sites is addressed. We defend our position that the extreme reduction of bone elements in these sites during the Holocene is most likely the product of Aboriginal behaviours rather than natural processes. We argue that the Tasmanian Devil, Sarcophilus, is not implicated in the reduction of bone; indeed there is no convincing evidence that Devils were even present in the Western Desert. We make the case that the likely effects of dingo on these assemblages is not consistent with the observed patterns of bone breakage through time.
Review
Authors: Veth Peter
Published: November 2014

Australian Archaeologist. Collected papers in honour of Jim Allen. Edited by Atholl Anderson and Tim Murray Centre for Archaeological Research and Department of Archaeology and Natural History, Australian National University with the Department of Archaeology, LaTrobe University. Coombs Academic Publishing, Canberra, 2000. ISBN 0 7315 5214 8. Pp 454. AUD$66 (paper)
Beyond the Limits of Location: human environmental disturbance prior to official European contact in early colonial Australia
Authors: Gale S.J. , Haworth R.J.
Published: November 2014

The expansion of European occupation across Australia was closely circumscribed during the first half century of the colony's existence. Despite this, there is considerable evidence of unsanctioned movements beyond the officially prescribed boundaries. Given their illegal nature, information on such movements is unlikely to be preserved in the documentary record. Other sources of information may, however, yield evidence of these activities. Perhaps the most useful of these is that preserved in sediments laid down at the time of initial colonisation. This study exploits this data source, focussing on the depositional record from the New England Tablelands of northern New South Wales. Well‐dated sedimentary sequences yield evidence of enhanced rates of soil erosion and disturbance to lake sediment chemistry perhaps decades before the accepted date of European arrival on the Tablelands in the 1830s. This disturbance is unlikely to have been a consequence of natural processes. It may instead have been the result of Aboriginal activities, although it is more likely to indicate the presence of either Europeans or the shadow of European culture in New England well before the official date of settlement. The sediments may therefore throw light on the timing and processes of European colonisation of the continent, and reveal indications of early contact environmental disturbance, of particular significance given the long‐term response of the Australian biophysical environment to human impacts.
Productivity, production and settlement in precontact Rarotonga, Cook Islands
Authors: Campbell Matthew
Published: November 2014

In order to examine the precontact production system of Rarotonga beyond the limits of the archaeologically visible irrigated taro terraces, a model of potential productivity is created. The model is based on an assessment of the productive potential of soil types and an inventory of precontact crops on Rarotonga. It is used here to examine a number of factors related to production: temporal change in production; reliability of production; the perceived value of land; and settlement. There are a number of limitations to the model as it stands, but its main value lies in its use as a foil against which to examine these other, more interesting aspects of production. The model is based on environmental factors, but the Rarotongan production system is as much a product of history as of environment.
Flexibility of stone tool manufacturing methods on the Georgina River, Camooweal, Queensland
Authors: Moore Mark W.
Published: November 2014

The Australian Aboriginal approach to stone technology is often characterised as highly flexible, a phenomenon well‐documented by ethnographic observation. In the Australian context, it would appear that a stone's function was only loosely related to its form. Nevertheless, many ethnographic studies recognise that artefact manufacture was “aimed at” producing specific forms (Horne and Aiston 1924:92). This study examines the extent of rigidity in artefact manufacture through an archaeological analysis of a large stone assemblage from Camooweal, northwestern Queensland, Australia. The reduction sequence which created the assemblage is modeled and the rigidity of the various trajectories comprising the reduction sequence is assessed by the degree to which blanks for “aimed at” forms crossed between trajectories. While the ethnographic literature indicates that various artefact categories tended to be used in an ad hoc fashion, the results of the technological analysis indicate that blank production for “aimed at” forms was, in fact, relatively rigid. This stands at odds with sweeping generalisations about the flexibility of Aboriginal lithic technology.
Review
Authors: Davidson Iain
Published: November 2014

Histories of old ages. Essays in honour of Rhys Jones. Edited by A. Anderson, I. Lilley and S. O'Connor. Pandanus Books, Australian National University, Canberra, 2001. ISBN 1 7407 6002 6. Pp.ix + 444. AUD64
Review
Authors: Kennedy Jean
Published: November 2014

The archaeology of Lapita dispersal in Oceania: papers from the fourth Lapita Conference, June 2000, Canberra, Australia. Edited by G. R. Clark, A. J. Anderson and T. Vunidilo. Terra Australis 17. Pandanus Books, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University, Canberra, 2001. ISBN1 74076 010 7. Pp. viii+223. AUD49.50.
Re‐examining total institutions: a case study from Queensland
Authors: Sutton Mary‐Jean
Published: November 2014

Missions and reserves in Queensland dating from the 1880s to early 1980s have specific spatial and physical characteristics that fit Erving Goffman's structural description of ‘total institutions' (1962:74). These specific characteristics, analysed here, include locks, wire mesh enclosed verandahs, barred windows, barbed wire fences, strictly regimented spaces and segregated built environments. Material culture in the forms of photographic evidence, surveyed maps and plans are employed. This kind of primary evidence is used due to the paucity of survival of other more traditional forms of archaeological evidence to answer questions concerning the original layout and built environment of mission and reserve sites. This paper about Queensland challenges the findings of research by Rowse (1993), Lydon (2000) and Trigger (1992, 1985) concerning the application of ‘total institutions' to missions and reserves in Australia. Many missions and reserves in Queensland were total institutions and the spatial and physical environment of these institutions was an attempt at social control over Aboriginal peoples. The physical and spatial environment of missions and reserves in Queensland can be seen as a reflection of power relations in modern society.
A highway and a crossroads: Island Southeast Asia and culture contact archaeology
Authors: Lape Peter V.
Published: November 2014

Island Southeast Asia has several distinctive elements of its archaeological and documentary record that make it a particularly fertile region in which to further explore and develop theories of culture contact and cross‐cultural interaction. In contrast to the traditional view of other regions, such as pre‐European contact North America, archaeologists have always seen Island Southeast Asia as a zone of cross‐cultural interaction, or as a passageway for migrations to other areas. Despite this potential, the region remains relatively under‐explored archaeologically, and problems of cross‐cultural interaction have not been the orientation for most of the archaeological research that has been done. There are several possible explanations for this relative lack of focus: this paper will review several case studies that demonstrate how additional research can contribute to general theory about the interaction of human social groups.
Review
Authors: Smith Anita
Published: November 2014

Uncovering Australia. Archaeology, Indigenous people and the public. By Sarah Colley. Allen and Unwin, Crows Nest NSW, 2002. ISBN 1 86508 209 0. Pp. xvii + 251. AUD39.95.
Review
Authors: Conkey Meg
Published: November 2014

Visions of the Past: The Archaeology of Australian Aboriginal Art. By M.J. Morwood. Allen and Unwin, Crows Nest, Australia, 2002. ISBN 1 86448 717 8. Pp.xii + 347. $A39.95
Review
Authors: Thorley Peter
Published: November 2014

Modelling hunter‐gatherer settlement patterns: An Australian case study. By M. Pickering, BAR International Series 1103, 2003. ISBN 1 84171 481 X. Pp.240. UKP 35.
Review
Authors: Campbell Matthew
Published: November 2014

Polynesia in Early Historic Times By Douglas Oliver The Bess Press, Honolulu, 2002. ISBN 1 57306 125 5. Pp. 305. USD29.95.
Review
Authors: Ross Anne
Published: November 2014

After Captain Cook: The archaeology of the recent indigenous past in Australia Edited by Rodney Harrison and Christine Williamson Sydney University Archaeological Methods Series 8. 2002. ISBN 1 86487 507 0. Pp. 228. Price AUD55 (overseas), AUD45 (in Australia).
Badu 15 and the Papuan‐Austronesian settlement of Torres Strait
Authors: David Bruno , McNiven Ian , Mitchell Rod , Orr Meredith , Haberle Simon , Brady Liam , Crouch Joe
Published: November 2014

Archaeological excavations on the island of Badu have for the first time revealed evidence of people in Torres Strait before 2500 years BP. We interpret this evidence as representing three phases of island use and occupation. Phase 1 (8000–6000 years BP), when the high islands of Torres Strait were part of terminal Greater Australia, saw permanent occupation of the region. During Phase 2 (6000‐c.3500/3000 years BP), the Western Islands of Torres Strait were occasionally visited from Cape York. And in Phase 3 (c.3500/3000 years BP to present) the islands became occupied mainly by speakers of languages with strong Papuan and Austronesian elements from the north and northeast. We argue for Austronesian influences at the tip of Australia during the late Holocene.
Review
Authors: Davidson Iain
Published: November 2014

Archaeology from Australia Edited by Tim Murray. Australian Scholarly Publishing, Melbourne, 2004. ISBN 1 74097 063 2. Pp. xxv + 408. $A55.00.
Review
Authors: Fitzpatrick Scott M.
Published: November 2014

The Archaeology of Micronesia By Paul Rainbird Cambridge University Press, 2004. Pp. ii + 301. ISBN cloth, 0‐521‐65188‐3, UK£52; paper, 0‐521‐65630‐3, UK£26.
Review
Authors: Sheppard Peter
Published: November 2014

The Sweet Potato in Oceania: a reappraisal Edited by C. Ballard, P. Brown, R.M. Bourke and T. Harwood Ethnology Monographs 19, Oceania Monographs 56, 2005. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh and University of Sydney, Sydney. ISBN 0‐945428‐13‐8. Pp. viii + 227. $A62.70/$US56.
Micronesia's Breadfruit Revolution and the evolution of a Culture Area
Authors: Petersen Glenn
Published: November 2014

Micronesia was initially settled from at least three quite separate points of origin and comprises multiple cultural and linguistic stocks. It nevertheless manifests a striking uniformity in its sociopolitical organization. I argue that these shared aspects of Micronesian societies diffused out of the Eastern Caroline Islands as a consequence of a prehistoric sociocultural efflorescence driven at least in part by the hybridization of two entirely different breadfruit species. The characteristic form of Micronesia's dispersed conical clans was spread throughout the entire region, carried along with the economic successes conferred by productive new breadfruit varieties. Botanical, linguistic, archaeological and ethnological data are marshaled to substantiate this argument.
Review
Authors: Fullagar Richard
Published: November 2014

Lithics ‘Down Under‘: Australian Perspectives on Lithic Reduction, Use and Classification Edited by Christopher Clarkson and Lara Lamb. BAR International Series 1408, 2005. ISBN 1‐84171‐851‐3, Pp. 125. GBP28.
Review
Authors: McNiven Ian
Published: November 2014

The Archaeology of the Aru Islands, eastern Indonesia Edited by S. O'Connor, M. Spriggs and P. Veth. Terra Australis 22. Canberra: Pandanus Books, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University, 2005. ISBN 1 74076 113 8. Pp. x + 314 pages. Price: $A49.50 within Australia, $45 overseas.
Explaining point variability in the eastern Victoria River Region, Northern Territory
Authors: Clarkson Chris
Published: November 2014

This paper constructs a reduction sequence model for north Australian points from the eastern Victoria River region, and identifies a single continuum linking unifacial and bifacial point forms, with some divergence from this single reduction trajectory dependent upon artefact size. Chronological changes in reduction intensity between 5,000BP and the present are found to coincide with typological variation in points as well as changing emphasis on the extendibility of point reduction. It is suggested that changes in the extendibility of point reduction can be linked to intensified ENSO‐driven climatic variability in the late Holocene that likely increased economic risk and warranted a substantial technological response, including the use of retouched toolkits with potential for longer use‐lives.
Review
Authors: Kennedy Jean
Published: November 2014

Papuan Pasts: Cultural, Linguistic and Biological Histories of Papuan‐speaking Peoples Edited by Andrew Pawley, Robert Attenborough, Jack Golson and Robin Hide. Pacific Linguistics 572. Published by Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University, 2005. ISBN 0 85883 562 2. Pp. xxiii + 817. Australia AUD$148.50 (incl. GST), elsewhere AUD$135.00.
Review
Authors: Bird Caroline
Published: November 2014

Australia's Eastern Regional Sequence Revisited: Technology and Change at Capertee 3 By Peter Hiscock and Val Attenbrow BAR International Series 1397, 2005. Archaeopress, Oxford. ISBN 184171 836 X. Ppxiv + 151. GBP30.
Gas–liquid dielectric barrier discharge falling film reactor for the decoloration of dyeing water
Authors: Feng Xuelan , Yan Binhang , Yang Qianli , Jin Yong , Cheng Yi
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND

Decoloration of dyes is a top priority to enhance biodegradability in color‐free wastewater post‐treatment. A gas–liquid dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) falling film reactor has been developed as a promising approach to the decoloration of dyes.

RESULTS

Rhodamine B was employed as a model compound. The effects of residence time of the liquid film with different initial concentrations, oxygen flow rates and oxygen concentrations (using different diluent gases, e.g. argon and nitrogen) were investigated. Longer liquid film residence time and lower oxygen flow rate resulted in higher decoloration efficiency. The decoloration efficiency in oxygen and nitrogen discharge was slightly higher than that in oxygen and argon discharge at the same oxygen concentration. The mechanisms of decoloration and the production of oxidative species are clearly revealed. The highest decoloration efficiency (up to 97.4%) with initial concentration of 50 mg L−1 was obtained in pure oxygen discharge with liquid residence time of 1.9 s at an oxygen flow rate of 100 mL min−1.

CONCLUSION

The proposed gas–liquid DBD falling film reactor is a promising alternative to advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for effective treatment of dyes. These results are helpful for further real plasma wastewater treatment. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Process development for the decoloration of Panax notoginseng extracts: A design space approach
Authors: Chen Teng , Gong Xingchu , Chen Huali , Qu Haibin
Published: November 2014

A systematic, yet simple method for the decoloration of Panax notoginseng extracts has been developed by static adsorption tests and response surface methodology. Through static adsorption experiment screening, acidic alumina was selected because of its high decoloration ratio and saponin recovery ratios. Using response surface methodology, the correlation between the process parameters (i.e., sample volume and flow rate) and decoloration performance was modeled. A design space of the decoloration process was subsequently established through the proposed models. The verification experimental values were in good agreement with the predicted values. The design space was proven reliable, because all the verification experimental results attained the criteria for design space development. Moreover, most of the saponins adsorbed by the acidic alumina could be recovered through dynamic desorption using water and ethanol. The method developed in the current study is highly efficient, flexible, and easy to control, thus providing a promising approach for the decoloration of Panax notoginseng extracts with consistent decoloration performance.
Multisensory Processing Impacts on Destination Image and Willingness to Visit
Authors: Kim Jihee , Kerstetter Deborah L.
Published: November 2014

Missing from destination image research is a focus on multisensory processing, particularly with respect to multiple types of communication about a destination. In this study a 2 × 2 between‐subject experimental design was employed to explore how multisensory processing of various forms of communication induces or amplifies positive images. At the same time, the relative contributions of empathy and destination image to willingness to visit the tourism destination were investigated. Structural equation modeling suggested that multisensory processing positively affected empathy and destination image, and empathy and destination image contributed to willingness to visit a destination. The study results are discussed in terms of their contribution to the literature as well as the ways in which they can be used by tourism researchers and marketers. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dendronized Multifunctional Amphiphilic Polymers as Efficient Nanocarriers for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Kumari Meena , Gupta Shilpi , Achazi Katharina , Böttcher Christoph , Khandare Jayant , Sharma Sunil K. , Haag Rainer
Published: November 2014

To gain insight into the factors that affect stability and transport efficiency under dilution conditions, dendronized and hyperbranched multifunctional amphiphilic polymers are synthesized by following the “grafting to” approach using varied amounts of propargylated alkyl chain with perfect and hyperbranched polyglycerol dendrons on the base copolymer of PEG (: 1000 g mol−1) diethylester and 2‐azidopropane‐1,3‐diol following the “bio‐catalytic method” and “click approach”. The dendronized and hyperbranched polymeric systems form supramolecular aggregates and exhibit an efficient transport potential for the model dye “Nile red” in the low μm range in the core–shell‐type architecture provided with distinct amphiphilicity as required for encapsulation. Cytotoxicity studies show the polymeric systems to be non‐toxic over a wide concentration range. The cellular internalization of Nile‐red‐encapsulated supramolecular micellar structures is also studied using cellular fluorescence micro­scopy and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) measurements. A comparison of the data for the dendronized polymers (PEG : 600/1000 g mol−1) with the respective low‐molecular‐weight amphiphile reveal that these polymeric systems are excellent nanotransporters.

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Congenital talipes equinovarus: frequency of associated malformations not identified by prenatal ultrasound
Authors: Toufaily M. Hassan , Westgate Marie‐Noel , Holmes Lewis B.
Published: November 2014

Objectives

To establish the frequency of prenatally undetected associated malformations (identified at birth) in infants with apparent “isolated” club foot deformity.

Methods

A cohort study of all infants with unilateral or bilateral club foot deformity identified at birth among 311 480 infants surveyed between 1972 and 2012 at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. Those with talipes equinovarus were divided into “isolated” and “complex”, based on the findings in examination and by chromosome analysis.

Results

One hundred and forty‐two infants had “isolated” talipes equinovarus (TEV), and 66 had the “complex” type. Six (4.2%) of the 142 infants with “isolated” TEV were found at birth to have associated malformations that had not been identified by imaging during pregnancy. These abnormalities included hip dislocation (n = 2), bilateral post‐axial polydactyly of the feet (n = 1), penile chordee (n = 1), and hypospadias (n = 2).

Conclusion

In this consecutive series of infants with isolated talipes equinovarus, 95.8% had no additional malformations identified by examination at birth. None of the additional findings were severe enough to affect the medical prognosis of the affected infant. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectra for characterization of defective CVD multi‐walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Kuznetsov Vladimir L. , Bokova‐Sirosh Sofya N. , Moseenkov Sergey I. , Ishchenko Arcady V. , Krasnikov Dmitry V. , Kazakova Mariya A. , Romanenko Anatoly I. , Tkachev Evgeniy N. , Obraztsova Elena D.
Published: November 2014

Curved graphene fragments can be considered as building blocks of carbon nanotubes. Thus, the size of graphene fragments may be considered as one of the most important characteristics of their structural disorder. In this paper, we have performed a comparative Raman study of CVD multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and graphene flakes deposited on MWCNTs. Raman data have been considered in combination with HRTEM characterization of nanotubes. The basic attention has been paid to the behavior of D (disorder‐induced), G (tangential mode), and 2D (two‐phonon scattering) bands in Raman spectra in order to use them for MWCNT characterization. A ratio of intensities of 2D and D bands (I2D/ID) demonstrates almost a linear dependence on the mean diameter of MWCNTs produced with two different types of catalysts (see abstract figure). It should be mentioned that each type of catalyst provides the linear dependence with its own specific slope. The graphene fragments have been proposed to form a mosaic structure of nanotube walls. I2D/ID ratio depends on the amount of graphene flakes deposited on nanotube surface via ethylene decomposition.

A dependence of intensity ratio I2D/ID on the diameter of nanotubes produced with different types of catalysts.
Radical‐directed dissociation of peptides and proteins by infrared multiphoton dissociation and sustained off‐resonance irradiation collision‐induced dissociation with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Xing , Li Huilin , Moore Benjamin , Wongkongkathep Piriya , Ogorzalek Loo Rachel R. , Loo Joseph A. , Julian Ryan R.
Published: November 2014

RATIONALE

Recent experiments utilizing photodissociation in linear ion traps have enabled significant development of Radical‐Directed Dissociation (RDD) for the examination of peptides and proteins. The increased mass accuracy and resolution available in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR‐MS) should enable further progress in this area. Preliminary experiments with photoactivated radicals are reported herein.

METHODS

A 266 nm Nd:YAG laser is coupled to a FTICR or linear ion trap mass spectrometer. Radical peptides and proteins are generated by ultraviolet photodissociation (PD) and further activated by collisions or infrared photons.

RESULTS

A 266 nm UV laser and an IR laser can be simultaneously coupled to a 15 Tesla FTICR mass spectrometer. The ultra‐low‐pressure environment in FTICR‐MS makes collisional cooling less competitive, and thus more secondary fragments are generated by UVPD than in linear ion traps. Activation by sustained off‐resonance irradiation collision‐induced dissociation (SORI‐CID) or infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) also yields additional secondary fragmentation relative to CID in an ion trap. Accurate identification of RDD fragments is possible in FTICR‐MS.

CONCLUSIONS

Relative to linear ion trap instruments, PD experiments in FTICR‐MS are more difficult to execute due to poor ion cloud overlap and the low pressure environment. However, the results can be more easily interpreted due to the increased resolution and mass accuracy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TOF SIMS analysis of fatty acid outgassing from wafer boxes adsorbed on wafers
Authors: Gui D. , Shao J. J. , Hao M. , Xing Z. X. , Lee H. S. , Shen Y. Q. , Li X. M. , Cha L. Z.
Published: November 2014

Surface cleanness is crucial for reducing defect density of the semiconductor wafers. Organic contamination or residue on the wafer surface will lead to unintentional hydrophobization changes and haze formation and thus the performance of the subsequent wafer processes, such as film deposition or etching. Fatty acid salt is a common anionic surfactant. The residue of fatty acid salt will result in uneven etch of silicon and silicon nitride, which eventually causes particle issues. Time‐of‐flight SIMS was employed in this work to detect fatty acid residue on silicon, silicon oxide and silicon nitride wafers. The outgassing of the wafer container has been found to contribute to the fatty acid residue on the wafer surface. The outgassing of three different brands of wafer boxes was compared by investigating the adsorption on the wafers after fresh wafers were stored in boxes for a series of time duration. Different wafers also showed varied ability to absorb fatty acid, which can be attributed to electric dipole strength and concentration on the wafer surface. Time‐of‐flight SIMS and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis results showed that the difference in outgassing performance of different wafer boxes were due to the release agent residue on inner surface of the wafer boxes. More reliable results of fatty acid salt have been obtained on the wafers kept in the boxes with less outgassing. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two‐stage model for time‐varying effects of discrete longitudinal covariates with applications in analysis of daily process data
Authors: Yang Hanyu , Cranford James A. , Li Runze , Buu Anne
Published: November 2014

This study proposes a generalized time‐varying effect model that can be used to characterize a discrete longitudinal covariate process and its time‐varying effect on a later outcome that may be discrete. The proposed method can be applied to examine two important research questions for daily process data: measurement reactivity and predictive validity. We demonstrate these applications using health risk behavior data collected from alcoholic couples through an interactive voice response system. The statistical analysis results show that the effect of measurement reactivity may only be evident in the first week of interactive voice response assessment. Moreover, the level of urge to drink before measurement reactivity takes effect may be more predictive of a later depression outcome. Our simulation study shows that the performance of the proposed method improves with larger sample sizes, more time points, and smaller proportions of zeros in the binary longitudinal covariate. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concentration inequalities for non-Lipschitz functions with bounded derivatives of higher order
Authors: Adamczak Radosław , Wolff Paweł
Published: November 2014

Building on the inequalities for homogeneous tetrahedral polynomials in independent Gaussian variables due to R. Latała we provide a concentration inequality for not necessarily Lipschitz functions $$f:\mathbb {R}^n \rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$

f
:

R

n

→
R

with bounded derivatives of higher orders, which holds when the underlying measure satisfies a family of Sobolev type inequalities $$\begin{aligned} \Vert g- \mathbb Eg\Vert _p \le C(p)\Vert \nabla g\Vert _p. \end{aligned}$$

‖
g
-
E
g
‖

p

≤
C

(
p
)

‖
∇
g
‖

p

.

Such Sobolev type inequalities hold, e.g., if the underlying measure satisfies the log-Sobolev inequality (in which case $$C(p) \le C\sqrt{p}$$

C

(
p
)

≤
C

p

) or the Poincaré inequality (then $$C(p) \le Cp$$

C
(
p
)
≤
C
p

). Our concentration estimates are expressed in terms of tensor-product norms of the derivatives of $$f$$
f
. When the underlying measure is Gaussian and $$f$$
f
is a polynomial (not necessarily tetrahedral or homogeneous), our estimates can be reversed (up to a constant depending only on the degree of the polynomial). We also show that for polynomial functions, analogous estimates hold for arbitrary random vectors with independent sub-Gaussian coordinates. We apply our inequalities to general additive functionals of random vectors (in particular linear eigenvalue statistics of random matrices) and the problem of counting cycles of fixed length in Erdős–Rényi random graphs, obtaining new estimates, optimal in a certain range of parameters.