bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Effectiveness of the Prosecutors Role in Pre-Trial Proceedings: the Position of the Legislator and the Opinion of the Law Enforcer
Authors: Gasimov Ayaz
Published: January 2022

The author examines the problems connected with the position of the prosecutor in a criminal process from the standpoint of the effectiveness of the prosecutor’s work. Specifically, using statistical data on the situation with the legality and the quality of preliminary investigations and the results obtained by other Russian scholars who researched this issue, the author shows that the transfer of investigators from the jurisdiction of the prosecutor’s office to a newly created independent Investigation Committee of the Russian Federation, the transfer of the right to the procedural guidance of the investigation from the prosecutor to the head of the investigation body, revoking the prosecutor’s right to coordinate the decision of the investigator, inquirer, or an inquiry body to initiate a criminal case, and in general the right to do it — all of these, in fact, improved the effectiveness of the supervisory function and, consequently, improved the legality and quality of preliminary investigations. At the same time, the author presents his own view on the directions of improving the effectiveness of the role of the prosecutor in the pre-trial proceeding, which should ensure a general sustainable development of Russian criminal procedure legislation.
Economic and Energy Systems: Evolution of Structural Links During the Transition to a New Paradigm of Socio-Economic Development
Authors: Loktionov Vadim , Loktionova Elena
Published: January 2022

Complex adaptive systems, which are energy and economic systems, evolve with changes in both the external and internal environment. To form an effective state energy and economic policy, it is necessary, on the one hand, to identify the incentives that make these systems change, and on the other, to determine the trends of the changes taking place. The importance of this task is determined by the fact that without its solution, an effective state policy, consis­ting in stimulating positive adaptive changes and correcting undesirable changes, cannot be implemented. The purpose of the research is to identify key features of economic and energy systems and also reveal the facts that influence their further development. The use of the systematic approach allowed us to give a definition of economic and energy systems and examine the features of their functioning and development. As a result of the content analysis of publicistic and scientific literature dedicated to sustainable development, a pyramid of priorities for social and economic development was elaborated. Relevant structural changes of economic and energy systems were also revealed and main trends in the evolution of their structural ties in the transition to a new paradigm of socio-economic development were identified.
The obtained results can be used for increasing effectiveness and rationality of management decisions which influence state energy and economic policy.
Study of the Expectations of Employers-Partners of Educational Institutions as a Necessary Element of Strategic Development and Creation of the University Image
Authors: Zimina Ekaterina , Bakhmatova Tatyana , Sanina Liudmila
Published: January 2022

The problems of image are now becoming a strategic management concern for higher educational institutions since they affect the level of satisfaction and loyalty of all parties interacting with the institutions. Efficient image management can be critical to the survival and success of an organization in the context of government funding reduction and a highly competitive environment. The article analyzes the results of a survey on the Anketolog.ru platform which involved 52 respondents and was aimed at collecting the expert commentaries of potential employers engaged as tutors in the educational process at Baikal State University (BSU). The survey revealed assessments of the quality of training provided by the system of higher education, assessment of the current BSU’s graduates employment efficiency, as well as the level of BSU’s graduates’ satisfaction with the quality of their training and skill level. The «word cloud» method enabled the authors to determine what skills (competencies) obtained by the graduates the potential employers consider the most important, and to find the right wording for them and for the relevant courses to be included in the academic programs. Therefore, the analysis of the survey results provided the data on the demand for specialists trained at the university and the requirements for their skills and characteristics expected by potential employers, which helps to determine possible strategic prospects for BSU’s cooperation with potential employers in the 5-year period to come. Though the results of the study are of a practical value for Baikal State University, they might be useful for any university to build up its image.
Special Technology Development Economic Zones as a Form of Innovations Transfer
Authors: Kolodin Victor , Zaitseva Elizaveta
Published: January 2022

In the context of global competition, sustainable development of Russian economy is impossible without introduction of innovation technologies. Although the government has taken measures to support the sphere of innovations in recent years, the processes of transferring and commercializing the technologies have not been efficient enough. The purpose of this study is to find out the reasons why special technology development economic zones created as means of innovation transfer have not become an effective tool of attracting investments and technologies in presentday Russia. The following tasks have been accomplished in the study: to determine the participants of the technology transfer process; to prove the necessity of its government support, to analyze the basic forms of technology transfer in Russia. Using various research methods, namely, information resources study, data analysis and comparison, the authors have been able to analyze the practices of creating technology development zones in Russia and estimate their efficiency. The results of the study help to determine the key problems and perspectives of improving technology development zones and prove the necessity of government support of technology transfer. The results of the study may be used for transforming the existing special economic and technology development zones in Russia into an efficient tool of attracting private investments in the economy of innovations, which could enable the country to wean itself off the technology dependence and prevent the outflow of highly qualified specialists.
Species Composition of the Lichen Biota in Industrially Polluted Territories of Leninsky District of Irkutsk
Authors: Kharin Evgeny , Belykh Olga
Published: January 2022

In the context of the development of infrastructure in Siberian cities, the issues of the state of the areas with accumulated environmental damage is especially relevant. It is mentioned in the article that lichen indication is an efficient method of passive monitoring of environment for industrial pollutants caused by morphological changes occurring in sensitive objects. The results of the lichen floristic research of Leninsky district of Irkutsk are presented, a list of revealed lichens including 9 genera and 12 species is given, a taxonomic list of this area is discussed. Lichenological objects were mapped. Distribution of lichens in the area of research is investigated with regard to the presence of recreational and residential zones. The authors draw a conclusion about the presence of «lichens deserts» which are caused both by the absence of the respective substratum and high concentration of pollutants. High concentration of pollutants is caused by complex influence of different enterprises on the quality of air.
La calidad de la educación en territorios rurales desde las políticas públicas
Authors: Hernández Herrera María Teresa , Esparza Urzúa Gustavo Adolfo
Published: January 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es profundizar el concepto de calidad educativa en la realidad delSistema Educativo Mexicano. Como problema se asume la asimetría de resultados y realidadesvividas en el contexto rural y urbano para cuestionar si existe un criterio común sobre la ‘calidadeducativa’. Se explora el concepto de calidad educativa cara a las normas federales que amparanel derecho a la educación. Por otro lado, se explica el cambio conceptual que ha habido en laconcepción de ruralidad, volviéndose cada vez más diverso. En un apartado concreto se describeel Modelo de Escuelas Comunitarias, quienes atienden educativamente a poblaciones dispersas ycon menos pobladores de México. Metodológicamente se propone una reflexión hermenéuticade tres fuentes: el concepto de educación, la redacción del Artículo 3 constitucional mexicanocon sus diversos cambios y descripción del entorno educativo rural en dicha temporalidad y lasEscuelas Multigrado impulsadas por el CONAFE como el sistema que llega a dichos territorios.Se concluye que la calidad educativa está delimitada por la Constitución Política de los EstadosUnidos Mexicano y las condiciones en las que se desarrolla la misma, lo anterior enmarcado porlos siguientes factores: (i) la dignificación de la persona, (ii) los términos jurídicos descritos en elArt. 3, (iii) contextuados en la realidad geográfica del estudiante.
EFFECTS OF OV-POSS NANOPARTICLES ON THE VULCANIZATION KINETICS OF NATURAL RUBBER COMPOUNDS
Authors: Uctepe Ebru , Yazıcı Nazlı , Kodal Mehmet , Karaağaç Bağdagül , Özkoç Güralp
Published: January 2022

Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSSs) are new-generation additives, which can provide improved properties in polymer matrices by physical and/or chemical interactions between the polymer molecules and their reactive sites. In the case of rubber-based polymeric systems, POSSs are also able to accompany with the vulcanization reaction. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of octavinyl functionalized POSS (OV-POSS) on sulphur vulcanization of a model natural rubber (NR) based compound. The reaction kinetics was studied by using various kinetic approaches based on Moving Die Rheometry and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Rheometric data was evaluated by using a common non-linear cure kinetic model, which is called Isayev and Deng Model. Kissinger, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, and Crane Models were used to process thermal data for curing reactions. All the models were found to be able to analyze vulcanization kinetics of OV-POSS containing NR-based rubber compounds as well as the effect of OV-POSS incorporation.
Staphilococcus Aureus Sampling v2
Authors: Roca Cugat Pol
Published: January 2022

This protocol is intended to study the affectation of Staphilococcus Aureus, including the MRSA variant. It outlines the basic protocol for a multi-subject study.
Fluorescent Western Protocol v2
Authors: J Burgess Steven , Doran Lynn
Published: January 2022

Analysis of proteins using fluorescent immunoblot. Note: - The choice of secondary antibody depends on the choice of primary antibody, whether it is derived from a mouse (monoclonal) or a rabbit (polyclonal). - It is advisable to stick to the 800CW wavelength to avoid problems with chlorophyll autofluorescence encountered with the 680CW antibodies. Literature: Licor's "Fluorescent Western Blot Detection" Licor's "Good Westerns Gone Bad"
A Software Package for the Modeling of Electrophysiological Activity Data
Authors: Boyko A.I. , Rykunov S.D. , Ustinin M.N.
Published: January 2022

A complex of programs has been developed for computer modeling of multichannel time series recorded in various experiments on electromagnetic fields created by the human body. Sets of coordinates and directions of sensors for magnetic encephalographs of several types, electroencephalographs and magnetic cardiographs are used as models of devices. To study the human brain, magnetic resonance tomograms are used as head models; to study the heart, a body model in the form of a half-space with a flat boundary is used. The sources are placed in the model space, for them the direct problem is solved in the physical model corresponding to the device used. For a magnetic encephalograph and an electroencephalograph, an equivalent current dipole model in a spherical conductor is used, for a magnetic cardiograph, an equivalent current dipole model in a flat conductor or a magnetic dipole model is used. For each source, a time dependence is set and a multichannel time series is calculated. Then the time series from all sources are summed and the noise component is added. The program consists of three modules: an input-output module, a calculation module and a visualization module. The input-output module is responsible for loading device models, brain models, and field source parameters. The calculation module is responsible for directly calculating the field and transforming coordinates between the index system and the head system. The visualization module is responsible for the image of the brain model, the position of the field sources, a graphical representation of the amplitude-time dependence of the field sources and the calculated values of the total field. The user interface has been developed. The software package provides: interactive placement of field sources in the head or body space and editing of the amplitude-time dependence; batch loading of a large number of sources; noise modeling; simulation of low-channel planar magnetometers of various orders, specifying the shape of the device, the number of sensors and their parameters. Magnetic and electric fields produced by sources in the brain areas responsible for processing speech stimuli are considered. The resulting multichannel signal can be used to test various data analysis methods and for the experiment planning.
dibujo vectorial como recurso gráfico para la educación artística
Authors: Villagrán Arroyal Inmaculada
Published: January 2022

Las herramientas digitales para el dibujo son un recurso cada vez más extendido en la educación artística. Sin embargo, aún es difícil de encontrar estos medios gráficos como parte de la programación de muchas asignaturas de expresión artística o expresión gráfica en cursos de secundaria y bachillerato artístico, así como en asignaturas universitarias de temática gráfica.

Llevamos varios años investigando el porqué de esa carencia y para ello hemos ido desarrollando una serie de recursos virtuales que están sirviendo de apoyo al aprendizaje de estas herramientas digitales. El dibujo vectorial, entre otros, es un sistema digital alternativo a cualquier herramienta convencional o al método que ofrece un programa estándar digital. En el mundo profesional, el dibujo vectorial se reconoce como la tecnología más utilizada y funcional dentro del campo del diseño y la ilustración actual, pero también es una gran desconocida durante la enseñanza básica y en consecuencia, también en el momento de realizar los primeros estudios universitarios en Bellas Artes o Publicidad.
Межличностные отношения молодых людей с ограниченными возможностями здоровья в условиях сопровождаемого проживания
Authors: Бухлина Лариса Юрьевна , Юрчик Регина Юрьевна
Published: January 2022

В исследовании выявлены особенности и структура межличностных отношений молодых людей в возрасте от 20 до 30 лет с умственной отсталостью, как в условиях сопровождаемого проживания, так и ретроспективно в условиях детского дома-интерната. Сравнение результатов свидетельствует о значительном повышении удовлетворенности отношениями в группе сопровождаемого проживания, большей эмоциональной близости в отношениях, при сохранении неудовлетворенности в этом аспекте отношений, тенденции к актуализации своей персоны в отношениях и запросе на повышение авторитета в группе. Апробирована проективная методика «Топосоциограмма» на людях с ментальной инвалидностью, полученные результаты можно использовать в консультативно-коррекционной работе по развитию и гармонизации межличностных отношений.
Модификация семантического дифференциала для изучения личностной идентичности трудовых мигрантов
Authors: Осин Роман Викторович , Константинов Всеволод Валентинович
Published: January 2022

В статье предложено усовершенствование понятийного аппарата для исследования и анализа личностной идентичности. Выделены понятия «интегрированной личностной идентичности», «темпоральной идентичности», «пространственно-деятельностной идентичности», «степени консолидации» темпоральной и пространственно-деятельностной идентичности, предложен способ их операционализации и интерпретации. Описывается модификация метода семантического дифференциала для изучения личностной идентичности. Приведены и проанализированы результаты эмпирического исследования личностной идентичности у трудовых мигрантов на основе предложенной модификации. Выявлено сходство структуры видов личностной идентичности, где наиболее положительными характеристиками являются эмоционально-ценностные качества. Степень консолидации темпоральной идентичности более низка по сравнению с пространственно-деятельностной идентичностью.
Sea Mosaics from Thmouis, Queen Berenice II and Mendesian Aromas: A New Look at the Old Problem
Authors:   State institution “institute of World History of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine”, Zelinskyi Andrii
Published: January 2022

In this article, I will be focusing on the two artifacts that are now housed in the Greco-Roman Museum of Alexandria. These are two Hellenistic mosaic compositions from the Egyptian city Thmouis, which was located in Mendesian nome (GRMA №№ 21.739; 21.736). Both mosaics depict an armed woman in royal purple and surrounded by the elements of marine entourage. The modern researchers offer three options for identifying this woman: 1) the allegory of Alexandria; 2) Arsinoe II, the second wife of Ptolemy II Philadelphus; 3) Berenice II, the wife of Ptolemy III Euergetes. In the pages of this article, I offer several considerations and the arguments in favor of the identifying the woman from the mosaics of Thmouis as Berenice II. In particular, I assume the probability of the existence of a common denominator between Mendesian nome and the said queen. In my opinion, this common denominator was the production of the aromas. On the one hand, Mendesian nome was famous for making aromatic oils, that were known beyond Egypt. On the other hand, Berenice II showed a great interest in a perfume business. It was this interest that could be one of the reasons that prompted Ptolemy III to develop the southern coast of the Red Sea and to expand the Egyptian sphere of the influence beyond the Bab el-Mandeb Strait. As a result, Egypt gained access to a relatively cheap the vegetal raw materials, that were needed for the production of the perfume. The part of these raw materials, probably with the help of Berenice, could get to the Mendesean perfumers and, accordingly, helped to a improve the welfare of the nome. Thus, the woman represented in the sea mosaics, that were popular in Tmuis, must be Berenice II, as Mendesians associated the supply of cheap overseas aromatic substances with her name. In the same time, it is likely that a Mendesian interpretation of the plot of these mosaics differed significantly from the author's idea, that was related to the promotion of a Ptolemaic naval power.
Biblical and missionary plots in the decoration of Saints Peter & Paul Garrison church (former Jesuit church)
Authors:   Centre of military chaplaincy LA UGCC, Druzdiev Oleg
Published: January 2022

After the former Jesuit Church, now the Garrison Church was opened in 2011, the need to explore and reinterpret its historical and cultural heritage arose. This was primarily caused by the process of church renovation which started in 2012. At the same time, the well-preserved interiors and exteriors of the church are of significant research interest. In particular, the art and religious culture of the society of the XVII-XIX century and not only in Lviv. It is known that until 1946 the church belonged to the Society of Jesus, a monastic order that operated all over the world. Under the influence of various cultures, a particular art culture of the order was slowly formed. It consisted of local plots and those that had a general meaning for the whole order with its own ideological load. Besides, the church as a place of worship/man’s encounter with God should have also had a biblical meaning. A combination of order and biblical themes in church decoration created a comprehensive image in which the order is the bearer of Christian ideas laid down in the Bible. This statement provides the opportunity to view decorations in the Garrison Church and in churches in general as a certain ideological construct that was supposed to “declare” specific “messages” incorporated in a fresco, a sculpture, and an icon, etc. Therefore, studying and interpreting church decorations makes it possible to understand, at least partially, the ideological motive of its author. Hence, it becomes easier to understand the art and religious culture of the society, particularly in the XVII-XIXcenturies. Considering the abovementioned, this article is an attempt to interpret the decorations of Saints Peter and Paul Garrison Church (the former Jesuit Church), a significant part of which consists of biblical and missionary plots.
Understanding the Concept of Different Types of Web Crawling and Its Implementation
Authors: Jajoo Palika
Published: January 2022

Web crawling is the method in which the topics and information is browsed in the world wide web and then it is stored in big storing device from where it can be accessed by the user as per his need. This paper will explain the use of web crawling in digital world and how does it make difference for the search engine. There are a variety of web crawling available which is explained in brief in this paper. Web crawler has many advantages over other traditional methods of searching information online. Many tools are made available which supports web crawling and makes the process easy.
Regional flow-of-lymph disorder in pathogenesis of shoulder girdle neurovascular syndromes
Authors: Shagivaleeva T. P. , Mikusev Yu. E. , Bogdanov E. I.
Published: January 2022

It was established that in pathogenesis of neurovascular syndromes of shoulder girdle and arms a regional lymphodynamic insufficiency plays a major role. This sufficiency can be detected clinically and by a method of lymphoscintigraphy. Characteristic features of regional flow-of-lymph disorder during humeroscapular arthrosis, caused by postinsult hemiparesis and a complex regional pain syndrome, are a complete or partial absence of lymphatic collectors and node imaging, unclearness of their outlines with unequal distribution of radiopharmaceutical medication.
Cerebral circulation disorder is the most important medical and social problem. Organization and development prospects of care for patients with cerebral stroke in the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Ismagilov M. F.
Published: January 2022

At the turn of the second and third millennia, cerebrovascular diseases (CVD), especially their most severe forms - cerebral strokes (MI), acquired the significance of the most important medical and social problem, posing a great threat to the health of the nation. According to the yearbook of world sanitary statistics, over the past 30 years, the total indicators of MI morbidity and mortality from it in many countries of the world have a clear upward trend. By 1995, out of 31 European states, only in three countries in the age group from 25 to 74 years, the death rate from MI was above 200 per 100 thousand of the population: this is Portugal - 219.0, Bulgaria - 232.3 and Russia - 245, 6
Organization of neurological care for patients with strokes in Astrakhan
Authors: Podlipalin A. Yu. , Belopasov V. V.
Published: January 2022

The problem of stroke is acquiring more and more medical and social significance these days. The economic costs of treating stroke in developed countries account for 4% of the total medical budget. In Russia, 400-450 thousand strokes are registered annually, in Astrakhan from 1995 to 2000 - from 1.8 to 2 thousand. There is a stroke every 1.5 minutes in Russia, and every 5 hours in Astrakhan. Stroke ranks second in mortality, and first in residual disability.
Mental disorders in Binswanger's disease
Authors: Mendelevich D. M. , Safina G. D.
Published: January 2022

Subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy, or Binswanger's disease (BD), is a special form of chronic progressive vascular disease of the brain, the main clinical manifestation of which is dementia in combination with a variety of neurological symptoms (subcortical, cerebellar, pseudobulbar and pyramidal syndromes and disorders of other pelvic organs) .). The genesis of the disease, primarily dementia syndrome, is based on diffuse lesion of the white matter (BV) of the cerebral hemispheres, caused by severe arteriosclerosis of the blood vessels supplying it.
A word about Professor Grigory Yakovlevich Troshin
Authors: Mendelevich D. M. , Malysheva S. Yu.
Published: January 2022

65 years ago, on March 13, 1938, a prominent Russian psychiatrist, former head of the Department of Psychiatry at Kazan State University, prof. Grigory Yakovlevich Troshin.
Comt val158met genotype affects mu-opioid neurotransmitter responses to a pain stressor (Science. — 2003. —Feb. 21. — 299(5610). — P. 1240—1243: англ.)
Authors: Zubieta J. , Heitzeg M. , Smith Y. , Bueller J. , Xu K. , Xu Y. , Коерре R. , Stohler C. , Goldman D.
Published: January 2022

The catechol-O-methyl-transferase (COMT) gene regulates the metabolic processes of the neurotransmitter dopamine and, through it, influences endorphins, which play an important role in the process of pain perception. It was found that the COMT gene with the amino acid valine (val158) is more active than the variant of the gene containing methionine (met158).
Dietary fats and the risk of incident Alzheimer disease (Arch. Neurol. — 2003. —Feb. — 60(2). — P. 194—200: англ.)
Authors: Morris M. , Evans D. , Bienias J. , Tangney C. , Bennett D. , Aggarwal N. , Schneider J. , Wilson R.
Published: January 2022

Alzheimer's disease, progressive brain degeneration, is the most common cause of progressive dementia in older populations. It has been shown that the characteristics of the diet of the elderly increase or decrease the risk of developing the disease.
Hot water epilepsy (J. Child. Neurol. — 2000. Feb. —15(2). — p. 125—128: англ.)
Authors: Ioos C. , Fohlen M. , Villeneuve N. , Badinand-Hubert N. , Jalin C. , Cheliout-Heraut F. , Pinard J.
Published: January 2022

This study describes 5 cases of epileptic seizures when bathing in a hot bath in children aged 6 months to 2 years. The children were somatically healthy and developing normally. In all cases, the course of epilepsy was mild. The regression of symptoms occurred either after the prescription of antiepileptic drugs, or when the bathing regimen was changed.
Cytotoxin-associated gene-A-positive Helicobacter pylori strains are associated with atherosclerotic stroke (Circulation. — 2002. Jul. — 30. — 106 (5). —P. 580—584: англ.)
Authors: Diomedi M. , Silvestrini M.
Published: January 2022

Italian researchers from the University of Tor Vergata have found that some species of Helicobacter pylori bacteria with cytotoxin-associated gene-A (CagA) are significantly more likely to be found in patients who have suffered from stroke associated with atherosclerotic vascular lesions.
The meaning of life and healing
Authors: Troshin V. D.
Published: January 2022

The problem of the meaning of life is connected with the general problem of the Universe, its place in the general development of the Universe, the evolution of man and mankind, the specific meaning of life of each person - with the satisfaction of his basic needs, in particular biological, social and spiritual. The meaning of every person's life is determined by the desire for continuous self-improvement, while if the person himself improves, then the whole of humanity is also improved.
Bartel's index in assessing the recovery of patients with cerebral stroke in the acute period of the disease
Authors: Bogdanov E. I. , Тахавиева F. V.
Published: January 2022

The problem of rehabilitation treatment of patients who have suffered a cerebral stroke is extremely relevant due to its widespread prevalence, high rates of mortality and disability. One of the main reasons for persistent disability are, along with impaired speech function, psychological and social maladjustment, impaired motor functions of patients.
Results of a clinical study of the drug bilobil
Authors: Sokolova T. V. , Dubova M. N. , Pavlov S. S.
Published: January 2022

For clinical study, bilobil was presented in the form of dark lilac capsules containing a yellowish powder with a specific odor, bitter in taste, which is an extract of the leaves of the relict tree ginkto biloba, at a dose of 40 mg.The active components of the extract are flavonoids, ginkcolides and bilobalides, which dilate blood vessels, improve blood circulation, metabolism, prevent platelet aggregation, and protect cells and tissues from damage resulting from a lack of oxygen. Bilobil capsules improve blood supply to the brain, metabolism and prevent decreased performance. Acting on neuronal transmission by facilitating the release of monoamines into the synaptic cleft and increasing the density of synaptic receptors, the drug has a beneficial effect on brain structures.
Successful surgical treatment of a patient with traumatic kyphoscoliosis and secondary lower paraplegia
Authors: Ibragimov Ya. Kh.
Published: January 2022

Severe kyphoscoliosis and their complications are one of the causes of disability and mortality in people of working age. After individual correction of gross deformities of the spine, followed by stabilization, regression of severe neurological complications often occurs.
Review of the monograph by E.G. Mendelevich, M.K. Mikhailova, E.I. Bogdanov "Syringomyelia and Arnold-Chiari malformation" (clinical and neurovisual aspects)
Authors: Ivanichev G. A.
Published: January 2022

The emergence of the possibility of MRI tomographic diagnostics of neurological diseases stimulated the opening of a new era in the study of syringomyelia. The detection of a frequent combination of Arnold-Chiari malformation with syringomyelia made it possible to revise in many ways the traditional ideas about the nature of this disease.
Partial monopolar transfer of pectoralis major for elbow active flexion restoration in children with arthrogryposis
Authors: Agranovich Olga E. , Petrova Ekaterina V. , Batkin Sergey F. , Ermolovich Evgeniya I. , Komolkin Igor A. , Kenis Vladimir  M. , Sapogovskiy Andrey V. , Blagoveschenskiy Evgeniy D.
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: One of the main problems that limited or made the self-ability of patients with arthrogryposis impossible is the lack of active elbow flexion due to hypoplasia (or aplasia) of the forearm flexors and, especially the m. biceps brachii.
AIM: To evaluate the possibility of active forearm flexion restoration in children with arthrogryposis by partial monopolar transposition of the pectoralis major muscle.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Elbow active flexion restoration by partial monopolar transposition of the pectoralis major muscle to biceps brachii was conducted in 34 children with arthrogryposis (39 upper limbs) from 2011 to 2020. The muscle autograft included a fragment of the fascia of the m. rectus abdominis. Clinical examinations of patients were performed before and after the operation. Statistical data processing was performed using the software packages Statistica 10 and SAS JMP 11.
RESULTS: The follow-up results were estimated from 6 to 99 months (44.53 31.72) postoperative. The mean age of patients was 6.24 4.24 years. The active postoperative elbow motion was 0120 (71.94 33.40). The passive postoperative elbow motion did not change and was 90130 (104.12 12.40). Muscles strength after the operation was grade 25. Elbow extension was limited in 30 cases (76.9%) from 0 to 40 (21.70 12.27) without problem in the activities of daily living. Good results were determined in 15 cases (38.5%), satisfactory in 8 (20.5%), and poor in 16 (41%).
CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that our partial monopolar transfer of pectoralis major to biceps brachii technic restored sufficient forearm flexion and improved self-ability without forming severe elbow flexor contractures of more than half of the patients with arthrogryposis.
Fluids Triggered the 2021 Mw 6.1 Yangbi Earthquake at an Unmapped Fault: Implications for the Tectonics at the Northern End of the Red River Fault
Authors: Sun Quan , Guo Zhen , Pei Shunping , Fu Yuanyuan V. , Chen Yongshun John
Published: January 2022

On 21 May 2021 a magnitude Mw 6.1 earthquake occurred in Yangbi region, Yunan, China, which was widely felt and caused heavy casualties. Imaging of the source region was conducted using our improved double-difference tomography method on the huge data set recorded by 107 temporary stations of ChinArray-I and 62 permanent stations. Pronounced structural heterogeneities across the rupture source region are discovered and locations of the hypocenters of the Yangbi earthquake sequence are significantly improved as the output of the inversion. The relocated Yangbi earthquake sequence is distributed at an unmapped fault that is almost parallel and adjacent (∼15 km distance) to the Tongdian–Weishan fault (TWF) at the northern end of the Red River fault zone. Our high-resolution 3D velocity models show significant high-velocity and low-VP/VS ratios in the upper crust of the rupture zone, suggesting the existence of an asperity for the event. More importantly, low-VS and high-VP/VS anomalies below 10 km depth are imaged underlying the source region, indicating the existence of fluids and potential melts at those depths. Upward migration of the fluids and potential melts into the rupture zone could have weakened the locked asperity and triggered the occurrence of the Yangbi earthquake. The triggering effect by upflow fluids could explain why the Yangbi earthquake did not occur at the adjacent TWF where a high-stress accumulation was expected. We speculate that the fluids and potential melts in the mid-to-lower crust might have originated either from crustal channel flow from the southeast Tibet or from local upwelling related to subduction of the Indian slab to the west.
La "mala letra" en la narrativa de Sara Mesa
Authors: Ripoll Sintes Blanca
Published: January 2022

Sara Mesa ha sido considerada como una de las escritoras jóvenes más prometedoras y sólidas de las primeras décadas del siglo XXI. Su narrativa, sobria y éticamente comprometida, plantea temas de gran vigencia como la libertad del individuo dentro del sistema, la soledad del ser humano, la crueldad de la infancia, la incapacidad para la comunicación o los abusos de poder. El propósito principal de este artículo radica en estudiar cómo se articula en sus novelas el conflicto entre el control social y la libertad del individuo, y específicamente cómo estas tensiones se observan en un particular análisis del lenguaje y la comunicación humana.
Optimizing pre-clerkship medical education at the University of Ottawa
Authors: Mistry Neel , Rooprai Paul
Published: January 2022

COVID-19 has brought forth unprecedented changes in the delivery of medical education. With concerns rising over a new variant and an upheaval in vaccine distribution, institutions have had to re-strategize and, in many cases, implement provisional shutdowns to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2. For medical schools, providing an optimal balance between in-person training and virtual learning has been challenging. At the University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, key components of the undergraduate medical education, including in-class lectures, interactive practical sessions, and clinical placements, have been affected by the pandemic. In this paper, we highlight barriers to an optimal learning experience among pre-clerkship students at the University of Ottawa and propose ways in which this can be overcome.
The Effect of Hypnotherapy on Pain Intensity in Postoperative Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yuniasti Risna Devi , Upoyo Arif Setyo , Taufik Agis
Published: January 2022

Background: Pain is a common problem in patients undergoing surgery. The constant postoperative acute pain can affect the physiological and psychological aspects of the patient.Objective: Non-pharmacological therapy is widely used for the treatment of chronic pain. Non-pharmacological therapy needs to be developed in acute postoperative pain due to concerns about the side effects of pharmacological treatment. There is non-pharmacological management that effectively reduces pain intensity, namely hypnotherapy.Methods: The systematic search for this review used the Google Scholar database, Directory of Open Access Journal (DOAJ), ProQuest, and PubMed using keywords (Hypnosis OR Hypnotism OR Hypnoanalysis OR Hypnotherapy OR Hypnotherapies OR Mesmerism) AND (Post-surgical Pain OR Post surgical Pain OR Postsurgical Pain OR Post-operative Pain OR Post operative Pain OR Post-operative Pains OR Postoperative Pain OR Acute Postoperative Pain OR Acute Post-operative Pain OR Acute Post operative Pain). The quality of journals was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) instrument. The synthesis method used was narrative synthesis (narrative synthesis).Results: 10 articles were fully reviewed from 2010-2020. The visualization technique with rapid conversational induction has the best effect than other techniques. The most effective way of conveying suggestions is indirect with a permissive approach. The study results showed that hypnotherapy tended to reduce postoperative pain in minor surgical procedures than in major surgeries.Conclusion: Hypnotherapy affects reducing the pain intensity of postoperative patients. The results of this study recommend that hypnotherapy suggestions and pain measures must be tailored to the patient's condition.
Effect of autologous platelet rich plasma on anti-mullerian hormone and antral follicle count in sub fertile women with poor ovarian reserve
Authors: Uddin Muhammad J. , Banu Jesmine , Ishrat Shakeela , Sultana Sabiha , Munira Serajoom , Shume Mehnaz M. , Huda Sheikh F.
Published: January 2022

Background: Ovarian aging may be reversible. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) has growth factors that promote cellular proliferation and folliculogenesis. Recently published studies and case reports suggest that ovarian rejuvenation can be done by PRP treatment. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of platelet rich plasma on ovarian reserve markers such as anti mullerian hormone (AMH) and antral follicle count (AFC) in sub fertile women with poor ovarian reserve (POR).Methods: The self-controlled quasi experimental study was carried out on 29 sub fertile women with poor ovarian reserve. They were selected for laparoscopic tubo-peritoneal evaluation as they could not afford in vitro fertilization. During laparoscopy, 5 ml of pre prepared autologous PRP was injected into each ovary. Post-PRP AMH and AFC were measured at every cycle for a period of at least three (3) months and compared with base line values.Results: Mean age of participants was 35.9±3.2 years. Baseline AMH was 0.31±0.17 ng/ml and baseline AFC was 3.41±0.73. AMH was raised on first, second and third cycle from base line values in 58.62%, 86.21% and 91.30% of the study population respectively. AMH changes in all three cycle were statistically significant. Pregnancy occurred in three (10.34%) women during the study period.Conclusions: The injection of autologous PRP into human ovaries is a safe procedure to improve ovarian reserve markers (AMH and AFC) in women with POR.
Comparative study of mifepristone followed by misoprostol with misoprostol alone for treatment of early pregnancy failure: an interventional randomised clinical study in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Mirza Robina , Sharma Ankita , Sharma Pooja
Published: January 2022

Background: Early pregnancy failure (EPF) is a common experience for women. Medical management allows for expulsion of the nonviable pregnancy in a controlled manner without any surgical risk. The aim of this study was to compare efﬁcacy and safety of mifepristone followed by misoprostol with misoprostol alone in management of EPF.Methods: This was a prospective comparative interventional randomised clinical study conducted at Shri Maharaja Gulab Singh hospital, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir India from November 2019 to October 2020. A total of 200 patients with gestational age less than 13 weeks and ultrasound diagnosis of EPF were included in the study and randomly divided into two groups, group A (100 patients) received tab. mifepristone 200 mg orally 24 hrs before the use of Tab misoprostol 800 ug per vaginally. If no expulsion occurs within 4 hours, repeat doses of 400 ug misoprostol were given per vaginally at 4-hourly interval to a maximum of 2 doses in women less than or equal to 9 weeks by ultrasound and 4 doses in women more than 9 weeks by ultrasound. Group B (100 patients) received only Tab misoprostol in similar doses without prior mifepristone. The study was performed after approval from the institutional ethical committee. The data was analysed using computer software Microsoft Excel, Statistical and IBM SPSS version 21.0. The statistical difference in mean value between two groups was tested using unpaired ‘t’ test. The qualitative data was compared using Fischer’s exact test.Results: The success rate was higher in group A 92% than group B where it was 76%. The mean induction-abortion interval and dose of misoprostol required for expulsion were 6.56±.66 hrs in group A and 10.40±4.33 hrs in group B and 1126.88±536.06 ug in group A and 1583.33±364.58 ug in group B. The patients in group A experienced significantly less side effects than those in group B, 19% versus 32% and also required fewer blood transfusions than group B, 2% versus 5%.Conclusions: In the present study we came to the conclusion that mifepristone followed by misoprostol is more effective, safe and acceptable than misoprostol alone.
Rise of robots in surgical territory
Authors: S. Mariyam , P. Haris , M. P. Sasi , D. Babu , . Lakshmanan , A. Gopal , R. C. Thampan , M. Shameem , V. Sreedharan , P. K. Ramakrishnan , K. Binub
Published: January 2022

Robotic surgery is a rapid advancement in the scientific strata of artificial intelligence and has evolved into a refined tool for the surgeons. Over the last 30 years, this field has evolved in leaps and bounds with wide applications in the field of surgery by improving the dexterity and accessibility for the surgeons in various array of major complicated cases. The surgical armamentarium has been strengthened by evolution of robotic surgery to an extent that man may be replaced by artificial intelligence-based robots in the operation theatre, thereby eliminating the possibility of human errors and limitations.
Appositeness of artificial intelligence in modern medicine
Authors: P. Haris , S. Sreedhar , . Kunhikoyamu , M. Namboothiri , S. Devi , S. Vinayachandran , B. Prejisha , V. N. Kusumam , G. Lekshminath , K. Binub
Published: January 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) can be demonstrated as intelligence demonstrated by machines.AI research has gone through different phases like simulating the brain, modeling human problem solving, formal logic, large databases of knowledge and imitating animal behavior. In the beginning of 21st century, highly mathematical statistical machine learning has dominated the field, was found useful and considered in helping to solve many challenging problems throughout industry and academia. The domain was discovered and work was done on the assumption that human intelligence can be simulated by machines. These initiate some discussions in raising queries about the mind and the ethics of creating artificial beings with human-like intelligence. Myth, fiction, and philosophy are involved in the creation of this field. The debates and discussion also point to concerns of misuse regarding this technology.
A tertiary care prospective of epidemiology and etiopathogenesis of esophageal carcinoma from Northern India
Authors: Dogra Varun , Sandhu Silvi , Gilkar Ishfaq Ahmad , Mushtaq Umer , Gupta Shyam
Published: January 2022

Background: Esophageal cancer is considered to be a one of the most lethal malignancy. Indian population have seen a lot of changes in the epidemiology of this deadly cancer. However very few studies have been done from northern India regarding the epidemiology and etiopathogenesis of this disease. Majority of esophageal cancers (about 90%) are either squamous cell or Adenocarcinoma. Any factor that causes chronic irritation and inflammation of the esophageal mucosa appears to increase the incidence of the esophageal. The aim of the study was to perform an epidemiological study and determine the various factors that are implicated in the pathogenesis of carcinoma esophagus.Methods: This study was conducted in the department of general surgery, Government Medical College, Jammu, as an observational prospective study. It took into account the patients from 2015 to 2020. A total of 23 patients of carcinoma oesophagus who presented to Outdoor patient wing of department of surgery were included in the study. After detailed history, examination and investigations, the various variables were extracted and data was processed.Results: In this study, the majority of people were from rural areas in their seventh decade of life with males: female ratio of 3:1. The majority of people complained of dysphagia and weight loss. The site of tumor was Gastroesophageal junction.Conclusions: This study emphasised the need of health education in our population, especially in young adults to lessen the risk factors for carcinoma esophagus.
Experience of small tissue bites with conventional tissue bites in emergency setting for midline abdominal wound closure
Authors: Dogra Varun , Sandhu Silvi , Gilkar Ishfaq Ahmad , Gupta Shyam
Published: January 2022

Background: Midline incision provides excellent access to the abdominal cavity. However, wound infection following a laparotomy can increase morbidity as well as burden on health care system. Wound prognosis can be influenced by the type of incisions, suture material and the method of closure. This study aimed to assess the outcome of midline abdominal wound closure using two different techniques of wound closure.Methods: This was a prospective observational study and consisted of 300 consecutive patients ≥18 years of age undergoing abdominal surgery through a midline incision in emergency setting. Patients who were included in the study were then randomised into two groups. In group I, midline laparotomy was closed with large tissue bites and in group II small tissue bites were used.Results: Out of 300 patients included in this study, 150 patients were subjected to large tissue bites and another 150 patients to small tissue bites. 29 patients out of 150 patients (19%) in large tissue bites group and 16 patients (11%) in small tissue bites developed surgical site infection (SSI). 23 patients out of 50 patients (15%) in large tissue bites group and 11 patients (7%) in small tissue bites developed wound dehiscence.Conclusions: In this study, we found that the patients in group II whose midline laprotomy was closed with small tissue bites had better wound outcome postoperatively in terms of wound site infection and wound dehiscence.