bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Citizenship Education in Kyrgyzstan: Building a New Democracy
Authors: Bahbahani Kamilla
Published: October 2012

This article reviews a country-wide citizenship education programme in Kyrgyzstan, exploring its reception within the context of an emerging democracy. Qualitative interviews with students, teachers and non-governmental organisation workers in three regions of Kyrgyzstan highlight the value given to particular aspects of the curriculum: new content and perspectives on citizenship; an engaging, content-rich textbook; and interactive instructional methods. These are all found to transform individual outlooks, self-efficacy, classroom dynamics and teacher–student relationships. Because the context is an unstable political, economic and social situation, the curriculum becomes positioned as revolutionary as students are encouraged to build a new system, albeit one that resembles Western democracy. Critical issues arising out of the programme include the meaning and purpose of consensus within a classroom; ways to value different types of participation; and how to indigenise the type of citizenship in the curriculum.
Basic Values: Are Curriculum Ideas Being Realised? A Metaphor Analysis
Authors: Drakenberg Margareth , Malmgren Therese Vincenti
Published: October 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate how Swedish school principals understand basic ethical values, important in generating a fulfilment of the 1994 Swedish national curriculum (a new curriculum was launched in autumn 2011). Two rounds (1998 and 2009) of somewhat different interviews were conducted in the southern part of Sweden. A total of 25 school principals were interviewed. The data analysis techniques chosen are content analysis and metaphor analysis. The main results show that there have been few changes, and the authors ask themselves why. What might a metaphor analysis further expose?
Echoes of the Past in Imaginings of the Future: The Problems and Possibilities of Working with Young People in Contemporary South Africa
Authors: Bradburya Jill , Clark Jude
Published: October 2012

This article presents an exploration of how past and future are articulated in the construction of youth identities in the context of South Africa, with a particular focus on the possibilities for change in discourses of nationality and gender. The authors' selective focus on these two dimensions of identity is not only informed by theoretical interests, but is also driven by their implication in the critical social problems of xenophobia and gender-based violence in contemporary South Africa. The authors present two illustrative empirical examples that have emerged from (and reflexively inform) their domain of practice in working with young people, providing for some exploratory theoretical trajectories and pedagogical possibilities: (1) ‘national’ identity and dialogues of difference, and (2) gendered identities and constructions of sexual violence. Young people are quite evidently actively engaged in crafting their own fluid and hybrid identities, suggesting imaginative new ways to be in the world, energising us and provoking an orientation towards future possibilities. However, this articulation does not escape the past, which echoes in the reassertion of rigid categories of identity, such as gender and nationality. The authors not only consider the possibilities for creating ‘better childhoods, better futures’, but also explore the constraints on their conscientisation work.
‘Better Childhoods' as Immigration Narrative (Not) Told through Food
Authors: Fadzillah Ida
Published: October 2012

This article explores the complex relationship between the American Dream and the lived experience of a group of Spanish-speaking immigrant families residing in one small city in the American South. The author focuses specifically on the women's narratives of migration and success as manifested in their children's increasing ill health, and demonstrates that, while they had a deep desire to give their children a ‘better childhood’ than was possible in Mexico, this better childhood was not reflected in these women's narratives about the food and eating habits of their American lives. The women spoke eloquently and clearly about their children's declining health through obesity, diabetes and high blood pressure. These mothers compared in detail the healthier foods and food habits children were exposed to in Mexico with their current American food practices, with special mention of the school cafeteria offerings. Though these women held varying levels of economic wealth, they spoke uniformly of their worry about their children's current health. Interestingly, what is significant in their narratives is what the American Dream has made accessible: full-time jobs for both parents, free or reduced-cost school meals, abundant and affordable fast-food restaurants, and cheap soft drinks and microwave meals. All these new possibilities have negatively influenced their children's access to healthy food options, and illustrate an interesting paradox of migration and economic success, in which seeking a better life for one's children could lead to a decline in their health.
Time and Space as a Resource for Meaning-Making by Children and Young People in Home and Community Settings
Authors: Pahl Kate
Published: October 2012

This study provides a close analysis of young people's multimodal texts produced in out-of-school contexts as part of a research project called ‘Writing in the Home and in the Street’, funded through the Arts and Humanities Research Council's Connected Communities programme. The study was carried out with three young people in a library and home setting. All of the young people in the study were girls aged between 12 and 13 years. Two were from white working-class backgrounds and one was from a British Asian background. They shared a heritage of grandparents who worked in the steel industry. The methods were ethnographic and collaborative, with an emphasis on joint analysis of texts. The article shows how spaces of experience and time scales as lived and perceived by young people are glimpsed within their textual productions. Drawing on a multimodal textual analysis together with ethnographic insights from the longitudinal data set, the author considers how time and space shaped these texts and placed them both in relation to past and future trajectories, as well as evoking actual as well as possible locations.
Swiss tree lines - a GIS-based Approximation
Authors: Szerencsits Erich
Published: October 2012

Mountain timber lines are relevant in the context of land abandonment and climate change. For Switzerland, GIS-compliant delimitations of the tree line and the forest line are still lacking. Recent high-resolution landcover information offers new possibilities for GIS-based approaches. In a Swiss-wide study, an analysis based on slope zones was combined with a moving-window analysis to assess tree and forest line altitude, using topographic data. The tree and the forest lines were delimited at the upper altitude reached by a tree or closed forest respectively. The model delivered a fine-scaled delimitation sensitive to local conditions. The results indicate that earlier studies underestimated the tree line altitudes for the fringes of the Alps. Also the variability inside climatic and bio-geographical regions is larger than it was estimated up to now.
Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus and shunts: what are the predictors of multiple revision surgeries?
Authors: Chittiboina Prashant , Pasieka Helena , Sonig Ashish , Bollam Papireddy , Notarianni Christina , Willis Brian K. , Nanda Anil
Published: October 2012

Object

Cerebrospinal fluid shunts in patients with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus are prone to failure, with some patients at risk for multiple failures. The objective of this study was to identify factors leading to multiple failures.

Methods

The authors performed a retrospective analysis of cases of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus requiring neurosurgical intervention between 1982 and 2010.

Results

In the 109 cases analyzed, 54% of the patients were male, their mean birth weight was 1223 g, and their mean head circumference 25.75 cm. The mean duration of follow-up was 6 years, and 9 patients died. Grade III intraventricular hemorrhage was seen in 47.7% and Grade IV in 43.1%. Initial use of a ventricular access device was needed in 65 patients (59.6%), but permanent CSF shunting was needed in 104 (95.4%). A total of 454 surgical procedures were performed, including 304 shunt revisions in 78 patients (71.6%). Detailed surgical notes were available for 261 of these procedures, and of these, 51% were proximal revisions, 13% distal revisions, and 17% total shunt revisions. Revision rates were not affected by catheter type, patient sex, presence of congenital anomalies, or type of hydrocephalus. Age of less than 30 days at the initial procedure was associated with decreased survival of the first shunt. Regression analysis revealed that lower estimated gestational age (EGA) and obstructive hydrocephalus were significant predictors of multiple shunt revisions.

Conclusions

We found a high rate of need for permanent CSF shunts (95.4%) in patients with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Shunt revision was required in 71.6% of patients, with those with lower birth weight and EGA at a higher risk for revisions.
Role of resection of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors in patients with neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Dunn Gavin P. , Spiliopoulos Konstantinos , Plotkin Scott R. , Hornicek Francis J. , Harmon David C. , Delaney Thomas F. , Williams Ziv
Published: October 2012

Object

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are aggressive sarcomas that often arise from major peripheral nerves. Approximately half of MPNSTs arise in patients with neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) who, in comparison with patients without NF1, present at younger ages and with larger tumors that are commonly associated with extensive plexiform neurofibromas. These tumors therefore pose a particularly difficult treatment challenge because of the morbidity often associated with attempted gross-total resection (GTR). Here, the authors aim to examine what role the extent of resection and other covariates play in the long-term survival of patients with NF1 in the setting of MPNST.

Methods

The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of 23 adult patients with NF1 who underwent surgery for MPNSTs at their institution between 1991 and 2008. The primary end points of the study were mortality, local recurrence, and metastasis. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were evaluated for all patients. Differences for each of the primary end points were evaluated based on cause-specific covariates, which included tiered tumor size, tumor location, grade, resection margin status, postoperative weakness, and use of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Multivariate analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

Gross-total resection (p = 0.01) and surgical margin status (p = 0.034) had a statistically important role in prolonging overall survival in patients with NF1 by univariate analysis. When tumor size, location, grade, postoperative weakness, and radiation therapy were also taken into account using multivariate analysis, GTR continued to be a significant prognostic factor (p = 0.035).

Conclusions

These findings suggest that GTR offers significant long-term benefit on survival in patients with NF1. Benefit on survival occurred independently of all other covariates, suggesting that complete resection should be the principal goal of treatment in this patient population.
Meningeal management for optimal revascularization from middle meningeal artery
Authors: McLaughlin Nancy , Martin Neil A.
Published: October 2012

Numerous surgical techniques have been developed and refined for the treatment of moyamoya disease. Among the indirect techniques of revascularization, encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis has been recognized as effective in promoting revascularization and reversing symptomatology. Neovascularization occurs between the donor artery, either the superficial temporal artery or the occipital artery, and the underlying ischemic cortex. Additionally, the middle meningeal artery and its dural branches have also been shown to contribute to collateral blood supply. In this report the authors describe an integrated management of the meninges for optimal revascularization. They emphasize the importance of recognizing the 3 major layers of the dura and describe a technique of dural splitting at the locus minoris resistentiae between the dura mater's vascular (middle) layer and internal median layer. Applying the dura's vascular layer to the surface of the brain after opening of the arachnoid is designed to optimize dural-pial synangiosis related to middle meningeal artery branches.
Hemihypoglossal nerve transfer for acute facial paralysis
Authors: Hayashi Ayato , Nishida Masanobu , Seno Hisakazu , Inoue Masahiro , Iwata Hiroshi , Shirasawa Tomohiro , Arai Hajime , Kayamori Ryoji , Komuro Yuzo , Yanai Akira
Published: October 2012

Object

The authors have developed a technique for the treatment of facial paralysis that utilizes anastomosis of the split hypoglossal and facial nerve. Here, they document improvements in the procedure and experimental evidence supporting the approach.

Methods

They analyzed outcomes in 36 patients who underwent the procedure, all of whom had suffered from facial paralysis following the removal of large vestibular schwannomas. The average period of paralysis was 6.2 months. The authors used 5 different variations of a procedure for selecting the split nerve, including evaluation of the split nerve using recordings of evoked potentials in the tongue.

Results

Successful facial reanimation was achieved in 16 of 17 patients using the cephalad side of the split hypoglossal nerve and in 15 of 15 patients using the caudal side. The single unsuccessful case using the cephalad side of the split nerve resulted from severe infection of the cheek. Procedures using the ansa cervicalis branch yielded poor success rates (2 of 4 cases).

Some tongue atrophy was observed in all variants of the procedure, with 17 cases of minimal atrophy and 14 cases of moderate atrophy. No procedure led to severe atrophy causing functional deficits of the tongue.

Conclusions

The split hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis procedure consistently leads to good facial reanimation, and the use of either half of the split hypoglossal nerve results in facial reanimation and moderate tongue atrophy.
Comparison of a novel pedicle subtraction osteotomy model using the traditional American Society of Testing and Materials standard for spinal biomechanics fatigue testing [RETRACTED]
Authors: Tang Jessica A.
Published: October 2012

Object

There is currently an internationally recognized standard (F1717) provided by the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) for fatigue testing of spinal fixation constructs, assuming relatively straight posterior rods between 2 vertebral segments. However, there is currently no standard that effectively describes the changes in forces and moments for procedures that induce more drastic curvatures, such as pedicle subtraction osteotomies (PSOs). In this study, the author proposes a modified version of the ASTM F1717 standard to compensate for changes in loading conditions for PSO constructs.

Methods

Twelve specimens were divided into 2 groups: 6 modeled after the original ASTM standard and 6 after the modified version. Three specimens each from the 2 groups had rods contoured to corresponding PSO angles of 20° and 60°, respectively. Specimens were cycled at 4 Hz at a 400 N/40 N or 700 N/70 N load ratio until failure was observed or run-out (testing cycle end point) was reached at 2,000,000 cycles. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyze the effect of rod curvature on the fatigue strength of the 2 different models.

Results

Results indicated that contouring rods from a PSO angle of 20° to 60° significantly increased the fatigue life of the screw-rod construct (hazard ratio [HR] 1.57, p = 0.0144) for the original model, but had the opposite effect of decreasing the fatigue life for the modified model (HR 0.64, p = 0.0144).

Conclusions

Because there is extensive data showing that contouring rods to more extreme angles significantly lowers their fatigue life, the modified ASTM model may be more accurate for simulating constructs that assume insignificant rod bending.
Andrés Laguna: Translation and the Early Modern Idea of Europe
Authors: Fernández José María Pérez
Published: October 2012

The life and work of Andrés Laguna (1499–1559) illustrate the role played by scholars, diplomats, and translators in the construction of a multilingual idea of Europe stitched together through the textual networks facilitated by printers and publishers. Laguna also exemplifies the intersection of science and literature with translation and the book market. His intellectual production, in particular his philological abilities placed at the service of scientific and literary translation, are linked to moves towards the establishment of a via media in the theological and political worlds, and with the advocacy of a middle style that frequently resorted to common narrative techniques for the distribution of scientific knowledge.
Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Some Malvaceae Family Species
Authors: Fernandes de Oliveira Adriana Maria , Sousa Pinheiro Lilian , Souto Pereira Charlane Kelly , Neves Matias Wemerson , Albuquerque Gomes Roosevelt , Souza Chaves Otemberg , Vanderlei de Souza Maria de Fátima , Nóbrega de Almeida Reinaldo , Simões de Assis Temilce
Published: October 2012

The antioxidant activity of four species of the Malvaceae family (Sidastrum micranthum (A. St.-Hil.) Fryxell, Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) C. Presl, Sida rhombifolia (L.) E. H. L and Herissantia crispa L. (Brizicky)) were studied using the total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays. The antioxidant activity of the crude extract, phases and two isolated flavonoids, kaempferol 3,7-di-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (lespedin) and kaempferol 3-O-β-d-(6''-E-p-coumaroil) glucopyranoside (tiliroside) was determined. The results showed that there is a strong correlation between total polyphenol contents and antioxidant activity of the crude extract of Sidastrum micranthum and Wissadula periplocifolia; however, this was not observed between Sida rhombifolia and Herissantia crispa. The ethyl acetate (EaF) phase showed the best antioxidant effect in the total phenolics, DPPH and TEAC assays, followed by the chloroform (CfF) phase, in most species tested. Lespedin, isolated from the EaF phase of W. periplocifolia and H. crispa may not be responsible for the antioxidant activity due to its low antioxidant activity (IC50: DPPH: 1,019.92 ± 68.99 mg/mL; TEAC: 52.70 ± 0.47 mg/mL); whereas tiliroside, isolated from W. periplocifolia, H. crispa and S. micrantum presented a low IC50 value (1.63 ± 0.86 mg/mL) compared to ascorbic acid in the TEAC assay.
Treatment of Diarrhoea in Rural African Communities: An Overview of Measures to Maximise the Medicinal Potentials of Indigenous Plants
Authors: Njume Collise , Goduka Nomalungelo
Published: October 2012

Diarrhoea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in rural communities in Africa, particularly in children under the age of five. This calls for the development of cost effective alternative strategies such as the use of herbal drugs in the treatment of diarrhoea in these communities. Expenses associated with the use of orthodox medicines have generated renewed interest and reliance on indigenous medicinal plants in the treatment and management of diarrhoeal infections in rural communities. The properties of many phenolic constituents of medicinal plants such as their ability to inhibit enteropooling and delay gastrointestinal transit are very useful in the control of diarrhoea, but problems such as scarcity of valuable medicinal plants, lack of standardization of methods of preparation, poor storage conditions and incertitude in some traditional health practitioners are issues that affect the efficacy and the practice of traditional medicine in rural African communities. This review appraises the current strategies used in the treatment of diarrhoea according to the Western orthodox and indigenous African health-care systems and points out major areas that could be targeted by health-promotion efforts as a means to improve management and alleviate suffering associated with diarrhoea in rural areas of the developing world. Community education and research with indigenous knowledge holders on ways to maximise the medicinal potentials in indigenous plants could improve diarrhoea management in African rural communities.
Major- and Trace-Element Compositions of Indicator Minerals that Occur as Macro- and Megacrysts, and of Xenoliths, from Kimberlites in Northeastern Angola
Authors: Robles-Cruz Sandra , Melgarejo Joan , Galí Salvador , Escayola Monica
Published: October 2012

In this study, we compare the major- and trace-element compositions of olivine, garnet, and clinopyroxene that occur as single crystals (142 grains), with those derived from xenoliths (51 samples) from six kimberlites in the Lucapa area, northeastern Angola: Tchiuzo, Anomaly 116, Catoca, Alto Cuilo-4, Alto Cuilo-63 and Cucumbi-79. The samples were analyzed using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The results suggest different paragenetic associations for these kimberlites in the Lucapa area. Compositional overlap in some of the macrocryst and mantle xenolith samples indicates a xenocrystic origin for some of those macrocrysts. The presence of mantle xenocrysts suggests the possibility of finding diamond. Geothermobarometric calculations were carried out using EPMA data from xenoliths by applying the program PTEXL.XLT. Additional well calibrated single-clinopyroxene thermobarometric calculations were also applied. Results indicate the underlying mantle experienced different equilibration conditions. Subsequent metasomatic enrichment events also support a hypothesis of different sources for the kimberlites. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the petrogenetic evolution of the kimberlites in northeastern Angola and have important implications for diamond exploration.
New Bioactive Alkyl Sulfates from Mediterranean Tunicates
Authors: Imperatore Concetta , Aiello Anna , D'Aniello Filomena , Luciano Paolo , Vitalone Rocco , Meli Rosaria , Raso Giuseppina , Menna Marialuisa
Published: October 2012

Chemical investigation of two species of marine ascidians, Aplidium elegans and Ciona edwardsii, collected in Mediterranean area, led to isolation of a series of alkyl sulfates (compounds 1–5) including three new molecules 1–3. Structures of the new metabolites have been elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. Based on previously reported cytotoxic activity of these type of molecules, compounds 1–3 have been tested for their effects on the growth of two cell lines, J774A.1 (BALB/c murine macrophages) and C6 (rat glioma) in vitro. Compounds 1 and 2 induced selective concentration-dependent mortality on J774A.1 cells.
Correction: Brown, K., et al. Diet-Induced Dysbiosis of the Intestinal Microbiota and the Effects on Immunity and Disease. Nutrients 2012, 4, 1095–1119
Authors: Brown Kirsty , DeCoffe Daniella , Molcan Erin , Gibson Deanna L.
Published: October 2012

We have found following errors in paper [1] which has been published in Nutrients, the following references should be cited as. [...]
Ariadne´s house (Pompeii, Italy) wall paintings: A multidisciplinary study of its present state focused on a future restoration and preventive conservation
Authors: Pérez M.C. , García-Diego F. J. , Merello P. , D’Antoni P. , Fernández-Navajas A. , Ribera i Lacomba A. , Ferrazza L. , Pérez-Miralles J. , Baró José-Luis , Merce P. , D’Antoni H. , Curiel-Esparza J.
Published: October 2012

This paper deals with the development of a multidisciplinary study on the current state of conservation of Ariadne's house (Pompeii, Italy), a domus of great archaeological value. The aim of this study is to undertake the preventive conservation actions required and increase the knowledge about its conservation and to generate discussions and points of view for a future restoration. Environmental studies, electromagnetic radiation measurements, study of materials and a photographical study were carried out. Those studies revealed that the rooftops covering the analyzed rooms resulting in adverse weather conditions causing grave damage to the conservation of the wall paintings. Thus, between 2009-2010 the rooftops were changed and new environmental studies were conducted. Studies of materials showed that the paintings match in execution and composition with those reported by other authors. The salts from modern mortars from previous restorations were affecting frescoes, also it is described a thin grayish surface layer from environmental contaminants.
Study on the Failure Mode of Corrugated Paperboard during Transport and Distribution
Authors: Xia Rong Hou , Guo Yan Feng , Zhang Wei
Published: October 2012

Corrugated paperboard is a kind of inexpensive and environmental-friendly packaging material and may be made into cushioning package pads to protect products from damaging during transport and distribution. By virtue of the static compression tests and impose four kinds of different compression speed on two kinds corrugated paperboard pads, This paper obtains the failure modes and the stress and strain curve. The results show that the failure of the corrugated board exhibit four stages, the linear elastic stage, the yield stage, plastic deformation and densification stage. The damage of corrugated structure pads occurs on yield and plastic deformation stage and structure damage mostly is shear crimpling on core layer. The damage of double layer corrugated paperboard is separated layer, first the bottom layer be damaged, then the top layer, until the corrugated paperboard is damaged wholly. In addition, we also find that the static compression speed has not significantly influence on the corrugated paperboard.
Simplified Performance Evaluation Methods for Cushioning Materials
Authors: Zhong Chen , Saito Katsuhiko
Published: October 2012

To evaluate quantitatively the performance of cushioning materials, a cushion curve is indispensable. However, the desired cushioning effect may sometimes be absent when we use the cushion curve to design a transport package. In addition, to plot the cushion curve, massive dynamic compression tests are traditionally necessary. Thus, large amounts of labor and material resources are required. Therefore, we used expanded polyethylene and laminated-board cushion as test materials to represent typical cushioning materials, and proposed simplified performance evaluation methods based on certain dynamic compression tests. An analysis of the experimental results showed that to obtain a more accurate packaging design, the shearing effect must be taken into account when using the cushion curve; For both plastic and paper cushions, new proposed performance evaluation methods significantly reduce the number of dynamic compression tests needed to accurately evaluate an actual packaging design.
Design for Transport Packaging of the Small Test Equipment
Authors: Yuan Yan , Zhao Peng
Published: October 2012

Taking paper tearing resistance apparatus as an example, study on the transport packaging of small test equipments has been conducted. It has analyzed the existing problems in the current packaging and improved in three aspects, namely rustproof packaging, buffering and ant-vibration packaging and external packaging container. It has also illustrated the selection in materials, dimensional calculation and check, approaches and procedures for structural design, which not only offers a set of economical and environmental protective transport packaging plans with simple structure, but also provides cases and references for other small test equipment.
Application of Chitosan as a Barrier Coating on Coated Ivory Board
Authors: Fang Zhi Qiang , Chen Gang , Liu Yu Sha , Chai Xin Sheng
Published: October 2012

Chitosan solution was applied to coated ivory board as a barrier material, and the surface microstructure, oxygen resistance and water vapor permeability of chitosan-coated paper under different coating weight were studied. According to the images of scanning electron microscope(SEM) and Atomic force microscope(AFM), the coated ivory board surface has a smooth contour without pores and cracks after coating with chitosan. Increasing in coating hold-out of chitosan, the smoothness and the oxygen barrier properties of coated paper were improved considerably, but no improvement on water vapor resistance. An Oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of 119.0 cm3/m2•24h•0.1MPa was obtained when the coating weight of chitosan was 3.96 g/m2. Single-layer and double-layer techniques were used to coat coated ivory paper with chitosan; it was found that the OTR of paper, obtaining by double-layer coating technique, was lower than that of single-layer paper at similar coating weight. For the purpose of reducing water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of chitosan-coated paper, Poly(vinyldene chloride)(PVDC) was applied on the chitosan-coated paper. Water vapor and oxygen barrier properties were enhanced as the coating weight of PVDC increased from 1.05 g/m2to 7.40 g/m2. While the chitosan and PVDC was coated on coated ivory paper through bi-layer technique for 1.96 g/m2and 7.40g/m2, respectively, the WVTR and OTR of paper decreased by 66.3% and 98.0% separately, compared to that of the chitosan-coated paper for 1.96g/m2.
Effects of Nano-SiO2 and Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS) Reagent on the Properties of Biodegradable Aliphatic-Aromatic Copolyesters
Authors: Wang Bing Tao , Zhang Ping , Zhang Yan , Fang Zheng Ping
Published: October 2012

Biodegradable aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters nanocomposites were designed and prepared via direct melt polycondensation of terephthalic acid (TPA), 1,4-butanediol (BDO), poly(L-lactic acid) oligomer (OLLA) and nano-SiO2 or nanostructured cage POSS reagent (POSS). The morphologies and dispersions of two nanofillers and their comparative effects on the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. TEM characterizations confirmed that both nano-SiO2 and POSS took good dispersions in the copolyesters matrix. Due to the presence of flexible PEG tails and inorganic-organic nanocaged hybrid structures, POSS showed rather better dispersions and formed more strong interactions with the matrix than nano-SiO2. The experimental results indicated that incorporation of nano-SiO2 or POSS-PEG was a simple and rather effective way to greatly enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of the nanocomposites. Comparative studies of the effects between nano-SiO2 and POSS demonstrated that the introduction of POSS-PEG not only remarkably improved the tensile strength from 6.4 MPa to 11.2 MPa and Young’s modulus from 9.6 MPa to 70.7 MPa, but also dramatically increased the elongation at break from 190 % to 350%.
Structural Control of SiOx Coatings and their Migration-Resistance Properties
Authors: Fei Fei , Wang Zheng Duo , Yang Li Zhen , Hu Zhao Li , Sang Li Jun , Liu Zhong Wei , Chen Qiang
Published: October 2012

Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is a kind of plasticizers which is generally used in plastics packaging materials to provide the flexibility. Especially in PVC films, a large amount of DEHP used makes it possibility of the widespread usage of PVC in the fresh food packaging market. But recent researches proved that DEHP can be easily migration into food and food stimulant. It causes reproductive disorders, mutation, carcinogenicity, and other genetic toxicity to all mammals. Hence blocking the migration of DEHP from the plastic to the foods becomes very important issue for the food safety. In this work, the migration kinetics of DEHP was explored. We achieved that the migration of DEHP can be well controlled through coated nano-scale SiOxbarrier layer on the surface of PVC films, and the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process is a very efficient way to prepare SiOxcoatings on the plastic surface. It is also noticed that there is a relationship between the migration-resistance properties and coating structure through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for the chemical composition analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM) for the topography investigation of the coating surfaces, surface profilemeter for the thickness measurement of coatings, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the barrier property evaluation of coatings at last. We conclude that the coatings can perfectly block the migration of the DEHP from plastics to their contents. When the deposition conditions of SiOxcoatings were optimized, i.e. 50W of the discharge power, 4:1 of ratio of O2: HMDSO, and ca.100 nm thickness of SiOx, the 71.2% DEHP, compared to the control PVC film, was effectively barriered.
Properties of Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Cornstarch-Based Composites
Authors: Zeng Guang Sheng , Lin Rui Zhen , Meng Cong , Chen Lei
Published: October 2012

In this paper the composites made of cornstarch and PVA as matrix, bamboo fiber as reinforcement, glycerol and urea as mixed plasticizer were prepared through the extrusion molding. By physical methods, the effects of cornstarch, bamboo fiber, PVA and mixed plasticizer on the mechanical properties of composites were investigated. SEM was used to observe the influence of different content of mixed plasticizer in cornstarch. The results showed that an increase in mixed plasticizer content from 10% to 40% in cornstarch did improve the mechanical properties of the composites compared without mixed plasticizer, and when the mixed plasticizer (wt-glycerol: wt-urea=2:1) content was 30% to cornstarch, the composite showed the highest tensile strength and elongation rate. Composites made from 20% of bamboo fiber, 30% of cornstarch, 50% of PVA and 30% of mixed plasticizer to cornstarch gave the best tensile strength (15.8N). Glycerol and urea could permeate the cornstarch molecules and plasticize it under high temperature and shearing in the extrusion process.
Theoretical Analysis of Equivalent Elastic Modulus of Corrugated Paperboard
Authors: Wang Jin Rong , Lv Xin Guang , Huang Shi Qing , Wu Yu Mei , Chen Qiong
Published: October 2012

A new mathematical method is developed for the calculation of equivalent elastic modulus of UV-type corrugated paperboard. The model is assumed to be composite sandwich structure and to endure the out-of-plane uniform pressure. Force method is used for the derivation of the formula. The influence of the corrugated medium structure on the flat compression strength of corrugated paperboard is investigated as well. The equivalent elastic moduluses of two different sizes of three-layer UV corrugated paperboard are calculated according to the derived formula. The relationship between the thickness and the shape parameters with the flat compressive strength is discussed. The introduction of shape coefficient into this formula can help to optimize the corrugated sandwich structure and its cushioning pads.
Rheological Behavior and Cell Morphology of Foamed Waste Paper Pulp/ High Density Polyethylene Composites
Authors: Zeng Guang Sheng , Xu Chao , Liu Yue Jun , Qu Jin Ping
Published: October 2012

The waste corrugated paper was grinded to paper pulp first, and then the paper pulp was used to prepare the foamed waste paper pulp/high density polyethylene（HDPE）composites by compression molding with HDPE. The Rosand double-barrel capillary rhepmeter was used to research the influences of the blowing agent AC(Azodicarbonamide) content，waste paper pulp content，temperature and different blowing agent on the melt of the composites. Scanning electron microscopy（SEM）was also used to observe the effects of different contents of AC and waste paper pulp on the cell morphologies.The results showed that: when the shear rate up to 600 S-1，the melt performs of the foamed waste paper pulp/ HDPE composites were pseudoplastic flow, and turn up wall slip phenomenon. The viscosity of melt was significantly reduced with the content of AC increased, but it increased with the content of the waste paper pulp increased. When the shear rate reduced to 275 S-1 or below, the viscosity of melt reduced as the temperature riased; while when the shear rate went up to 275 S-1 or high, the viscosity of melt increased as the temperature riased. When the shear rate reduced to 325 S-1 or below, the melt of endothermic blowing agent （NaHCO3）showed the highest viscosity; when the shear rate went up to 325 S-1 or high, the melt of exothermic blowing agent AC shows the highest viscosity. The number of cell increased and size of cell became smaller with the AC content increased , but the number of cell reduced and the size of cell became larger with the content of waste paper pulp increased observing by SEM.
Preparation and Performance Study of Hygroscopic Film
Authors: Wang Feng Xian , Yang Fu Xin , Liu Xue Mei
Published: October 2012

PVA hydroscopic films were prepared by solution and tape casting method. PVA 1799 was selected as the best material of hygroscopic film. This work evaluated the effect of PVA concentration, glycerol and methylcellulose (MC) on mechanical property, transmittance and absorbability of the film. The result showed that the transmittance of PVA film was high, and that plasticizer and MC had little effect on it; while the addition of MC affected the haze of PVA film greatly, the haze increased along with the increasing of adding amount of MC. The suitable concentration of PVA, glycerol and MC was 7%, 0.8%, 0.18%, respectively..
Preparation and Static Cushioning Property of Foaming Packaging Material with Hemp Haulm
Authors: Mu Jun , Wang Feng Mei , Zhang De Rong
Published: October 2012

Hemp haulm is processing residues extracted after the hemp fiber, with wide raw material sources, cheap price, light quality, good fiber shapes, good toughness, high strength and good buffer performance. In order to develop the application field of hemp stalk processing residues, cushioning packaging materials were prepared using hemp haulm as raw material with the hybrid inorganic foaming agent and corn starch adhesive by microwave foaming method. The properties including density, foam distribution and static compressive properties of this material were analyzed. The experimental results indicated that the density of hemp haulm foaming cushioning packaging materials was 0.235-0.339g/cm3, cell numbers were 14-25.5/cm2, and rebound rate was 62.2%-93.1%. The major influence factors on the properties of hemp haulm foam material were the particle size, foaming agent and adhesives, etc. Research showed while the hemp haulm diameter was small, the ratio of hemp haulm power and starch was 1:0.4 and starch with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was 1:0.5, the materials had good buffer performance. When the ratio of compound foaming agent(sodium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate)was 1:2:1, the material had the best cushioning properties as well as higher strength. Compared with polyethylene (EPE) and polystyrene (EPS), the hemp foam material was harder than EPS with no obvious yield point, no material collapsing and good cushioning properties. When the stress was greater than 5-15 N/cm2, the cushioning property of the hemp haulm foaming material was better than EPE, but close to EPS.
Experimental Research on Vacuum Fresh-Keeping Packaging Technology of Rice and Dynamical Model
Authors: Gong Xue
Published: October 2012

The key of rice keeping-fresh packaging is how to control and adjust oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations in the packaging. The gas permeability of packaging material is the main factor of adjust gas concentrations within packaging. A new method of calculating dynamic permeability of packaging material was inferred by way of integrating cross-cutting dynamic process of rice respiration and film permeability. Under normal temperature, by vacuum keeping-fresh experiments on rice, the correctness of this new method was validated. T his method has the signification in guiding people on choosing vacuum degree and on determination of keeping-fresh time. The following indexes of hydrated quantity, fatty acid, reducing sugar and viscosity were tested, and the results indicated that the shelf of rice have been prolonged more than 180 days.
Experimental Investigations on the Influence Factors of Paperboard Deep Drawing
Authors: Li Ya Jie , Ji Zhong , Liu Ren , Luan Yi Guo , Zheng Chao
Published: October 2012

Experiments were conducted to study which type of paperboard and process parameters are suitable for deep drawing of paperboard into trays. The tray is a shallow rectangle box with round corners, wavy bottom and indented walls. Paperboard used in this paper is anisotropic, and its mechanical properties include tensile strength and elongation. Results show that paperboard with the basis weight of 260g/m2 is the suitable type. Proper moisture can improve the tensile strength and ensure the surface quality. Improper blank shape and size can result in wrinkling and cracking.
The Research of Pallet Package on Automobile Parts Logistics
Authors: Wang Li Shu
Published: October 2012

This article design 4 models with a certain standard of one-time wooden pallets and a legitimate way of supporting pallet packaging logistic to solve the problem of lowing in pallet standardization, lack of intensity in some pallet and unreasonable packages in pallet packaging which lead to work at low efficiency and make high rate in damaging gods. The models would improve the pallet in order to adjust different loading weight, rise loading and reloading efficiency and stacking efficiency of finished products, decline the damage rate in transportation, save materials in parts packaging, decline error rate in the number of shipping and receiving gods.
Research on Personalized Customization of Paper Packaging Products
Authors: Xu Feng
Published: October 2012

Based on the analysis of the characteristics of paper packaging products and development status of paper packaging enterprises, new relationship between customers and enterprises was built using personalized customization technology on paper packaging products. Simultaneously, the informatization management framework of paper packaging enterprise was set up through integrating modularization and management techniques.
Study on Application of Slideway in Structure Design of Folding Cartons
Authors: Chen Qu , Huang Li Qiang , Li Yang
Published: October 2012

This paper studies the functional structure of slideway in the folding cartons. Slideway can control the opening angle of the folding cartons, plays a good display role , and makes picking out contents easily. This paper also discusses the slideway specific role in the wine packaging design.
The Stress-Energy Application Software Design Based on LABVIEW
Authors: Liu Cheng , Zhang Li Na
Published: October 2012

Based on the LabVIEW programming, the software is designed to interpolate the experimental values obtained and generate the stress-energy curve by exponential fitting. Then it uses the special coefficient A and B which fit the curve to reverse the maximum acceleration-static stress curve. The software is designed not only to verify the feasibility of the stress-energy method, and it also can be called a practical application of the method. The aim is to seek a more practical and easy way to reduce the workload of the determination of the buffer curve, thereby greatly reducing the packaging design time and reducing the amount of packaging materials properly.
Research on Dot Gain Compensation Curve Algorithm Model
Authors: Si Li Li , Sang Feng Xian , Liu Zhen
Published: October 2012

To make the dot gain compensation curve more precise, this paper analyzes the methods already used and then propose a new method. We implement this new method and the old ones respectively through MATLAB, and get their dot gain compensation curves. At the same time, the average error and variance were counted to test their precision. The results show that the new method can apparently improve the precision and reduce the error. The average error of the normal method is 2.96% while it is reduce to 1.56% by the new method.
Pre-Exposure Properties Research in Making Plate of Transfer Print
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhao Yi , Xu Ying Jie
Published: October 2012

Transfer print is a new industry in China. There’s a big difference from others, especially transfer print in metal surface. It is hard to control. This paper discusses the pre-exposure time’s influence on the performance of the plate. The results show that the resin plate of 500s is ideal while the making time is 210s, 320s,410s and 500s respectively.
Study on the Effect of Slurry Formulation and Printing Process on HTCC Resistance
Authors: Liu Ying Pei , Wang Xue , Huang Ling Ge
Published: October 2012

Slurry formulation and printing process determine resistance and heating properties of HTCC, which directly affect the performance of the product. In this paper, through a large number of experiments , we found when the tungsten powder size in slurry formulation was 1-2μm , the flatness and adhesion of substrate were best , and that printing slurry weight and resistance of HTCC were inversely related. In addition,the printing process,such as printing pressure,the shape and angle of blade had effects on the resistance of HTCC.
Research and Achievement on Cigarette Label Printing Defect Detection Algorithm
Authors: Li Meng Xiao , Liu Quan Xiang , He Cong You
Published: October 2012

The cigarette label printing defect detection algorithm mainly includes image sensing and defect analysis. This paper carried out a deep research and analysis on the cigarette label printing defect detection algorithm by combing the domestic and foreign advanced machine vision-based printing defect detection technology, and improved the existing defect detection algorithm. Besides, it proposed to apply the minimum external rectangle in analyzing defect shape, realized the functions of detecting defect of printing images as well as analyzing and displaying the defect, and proved that the combination application of image difference and minimum external rectangle analytical method can bring better timeliness and higher detection accuracy.
Surface Modification of the Light-Storing Pigment by Titanate Coupling Agent and its Application on Print Ink
Authors: Jiao Li Yong , Zheng Yu Bin , Liu Ya Jun , Ji Xiao Min , Li Lin Lin
Published: October 2012

A titanate coupling agent, TM-27, was used in surface modification of light-storing pigment to improve its compatibility and stability with the organic system. The surface characteristics of light-storing pigments were reflected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron micrograph (SEM). The result showed that the titanate coupling agent molecular formed a thin layer and binded strongly on the surface of pigments. The modification effect was evaluated on the basis of turbidity and by plotting the afterglow decay curve. The application of light-storing pigment in the printing ink system was also examined. When the dosage of titanate coupling agent was 1.5%, the viscosity of printing ink reached the lowest point. The subsidence rate was reduced from 0.8202 ml/h to 0.5821 ml/h. These results indicated that the modified light-storing pigment had better compatibility and stability with the organic system, and the surface modification did not affect the luminescence properties.