bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Nano-SiO2 in Electrolytes on Surface Properties of Micro-Arc Oxidation Ceramic Coatings Formed on New Casting Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Zhou Xiao Song , Zhang Xiao Yan , Wu De Feng
Published: October 2012

Ceramic coatings were fabricated on a new casting aluminum alloy during micro-arc oxidation by mixing nano-SiO2 into the phosphate electrolyte. The effects of nano-SiO2 in electrolyte on thickness, hardness and microstructure of the ceramic coatings were analyzed. The results show that nano-SiO2 is deposited on the surface layer of the ceramic coatings in micro-arc oxidation process. The compactness of the coatings is thus improved. Both the thickness and hardness of the ceramic coatings increase a lot. The optimal addition amount of nano-SiO2 in the electrolyte is 3g/L
Effects of SiO2 and Al2O3 Contents of Converter Slag on Metallurgical Properties
Authors: Li Long
Published: October 2012

Using ladle slag, ferrovanadium smelting slag as well as metallurgical auxiliary materials as raw materials, the converter slag with SiO2 content of 11.3% to 2.8%, Al2O3 content of 3.3% to 19.4% were prepared. The melting characteristics of slag were measured, at 1600 °C both dephosphorization and desulfurization tests of slag were conducted in atmosphere furnace. The research results show that the melting properties of slag are improved with the reduce of SiO2 content and the increase of Al2O3 content in slag, in favor of making high basicity slag in the early stages of BOF steelmaking. However, both dephosphorization and desulfurization of slag exhibit downward trend. The mechanism of SiO2 and Al2O3 contents of converter slag impact on metallurgical properties would be further discussed.
Electrical Discharge Machining of Nickel-Based Super Alloy
Authors: Li Li , Hou R.G. , Sima Z.W.
Published: October 2012

This paper presents an experimental investigation of the machining characteristics of IN718 nickel-based super alloy in wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) process. During experiments, parameters of discharge current and pulse on time were changed to explore the effect on various aspects of the surface characteristic. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface roughness and micro hardness tests were performed. Experimental results reveal that the surface roughness will increase with the increasing of current and pulse duration. Micro hardness tests show there is no hard phenomenon.
Multiple Adiabatic Shear Bands in Ti–6Al–4V Targets under Ballistic Impact
Authors: Sun Kai , Yu Xiao Dong , Li Shu Hua , Tan Cheng Wen , Wang Fu Chi
Published: October 2012

In order to research the formation and spread of adiabatic shear bands in Ti-6Al-4V targets, LS-DYNA code is used to simulate the ballistic impact process. The projectile used in the impact test is a flat-headed steel cylinder with diameter of 7.62mm and length of 39mm. The results of simulated and impact test are in good agreement. Multiple adiabatic shear bands form in Ti-6Al-4V targets under high-speed ballistic impact. Adiabatic shear bands were found to extend parallel with a certain distance. The formation and distribution of adiabatic shear bands was related to the breaking-off of projectiles, which was caused by the distribution of maximum shear stress in Ti-6Al-4V targets and projectiles.
Preparation and Microanalysis Study of Nano-Hap/Cs-Chs Composites Materials
Authors: Qiu Man De , Wang Xiao Yan , Zhai Yong Qing , Yao Zi Hua
Published: October 2012

Nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan-chondroitin sulfate composites materials with different weight ratios were prepared through liquid co-precipitation method. The nano-Hap、Hap/Cs and Hap/Cs-Chs composites materials under the same conditions preparation materials were researched By XRD, SEM and EDS respectively. The results show that nano-Hap particles with poorly crystallinity, the size is about 20nm, nano-Hap particles are spherical in sHape and dispersed uniformly, combined with relatively loose between particles, the small nano-particles aggregate into larger particles when the Hap composite with the Cs and Chs, nano-Hap were dispersed uniformly in the organic phase Cs and Chs, Hap particles have the trend to grow large in composites materials,crystal become more perfect, combination become relatively dense between particles, The composites materials were annealed at 700°C,Hap crystal particles become more perfect clear and larger with relatively loose between particles.EDS analysis showed that the compound before and after annealing of the material ratio of calcium had no influence, material does not contain any impurities,The ratio of calcium and phosphorus is about 1.75:1,Hap belonging to the type of calcium-rich
Preparation and Property Study of CuCr Alloy Based on SHS
Authors: Yang Hui , Zhang Guo Dong , Guo Shao Wei
Published: October 2012

Copper oxide and pure chromium being as raw materials,CuCr contact composites can be fabricated through the self-propagating high-temperature synthsis technology,then the microstructure of the samples was observed under a metallographic microscope and the effects of different chromium content on hardness and electric conductivity of CuCr alloys were studied.The experiment's results showed that the SHS reaction of CuO-Cr-Al system could react drastcally,give off a lot of heat and CuCr alloy could be obtained simply as well as with low cost. With the increase of the chromium content, the hardness of the CuCr alloy was elevated, but the electric conductivity was decreased.
Preparation of TiO2 Nanotubes by Ionic Liquid Assisted Anodic Oxidation Method
Authors: Tian Mei , Liu Jia Yao , Jiang Yan Li , Yang Li Juan , Cui Rui Hai
Published: October 2012

Anodic oxidation in situ preparation of titanium matrix TiO2 nanotube and optimize the preparation process parameters. With the help of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technology we characterized the light catalyst that we have prepared. By oxidation degrading methylene blue, we tested its light catalytic activity. The result showed that the TiO2 nanotube maded at 20 V anodizing voltage, ionic liquids (2 ml), ammonium fluoride (0.684 g), ethylene glycol volume (200 ml) and water volume (6 ml)after 20 h, after dried for 30 min under 105 oC and annealed for 1 h under 500 oC in air became anatase phase, and the ratio of rutile phase is very low. The TiO2 nanotube arrays we made under the above condition for the degradation of methylene blue are good. The average diameter of a nanotube is about 90 nm, and the average thickness of a nanotube’s rampart is about 10 nm.
Research of Cu-15Ni-10Mn Alloy As-Cast
Authors: Cai Wei , Wu Yu , Yang Sheng Li , Xu Dong , Chen Zhi Bao , Deng Yu Sheng , Luo Pan
Published: October 2012

A new Cu-15 Ni-10 Mn alloy was researched and analyzed by optical microscope and metallographic measuring software in three geometry directions of ingots. The distribution of elements of alloy was scanned by EDS of EDΛX. The change rule and cause in various geometric directions in microstructure were analyzed. The results show that the structure of ingot of Cu-15 Ni-10 Mn alloy is in a typical crystal segregation state, the main branches (i.e. first dendrites) size of crystal gradually enhances from the edge to the center of ingots. The average space of secondary arms (branches) becomes larger along the casting direction of ingots. The content of Ni and Mn elements is higher, but the content of Cu is lower in the braches than space of branches
Research on Tribological Properties of Nano-SiO2/Cu Composites
Authors: Du Jian Hua , Xu Yi , Li Yuan Yuan
Published: October 2012

Cu-based nanometer composites with ω（n-SiO2）=1.0 % nano-SiO2 were prepared through ball milling and powder metallurgy technology. The friction and wear performance of the composites was investigated by ball-disk friction and wear tester. The microstructure and wear morphology were studied by drainage and field scanning electronic microscope (FSEM), respectively. The results indicate that ball milling can improve the spatial distribution of nano-SiO2 in the copper matrix. With the ball milling time increasing, the dynamic friction coefficient and wear rate of the composites decrease firstly and then increase. The composite milled 10 h has the lower friction coefficient and wear rate, and its main mechanism is abrasive wear.
Study on Composite Coating of α-PbO2-Co3O4-CeO2 on Stainless Steel
Authors: Yuan Fei Gang , Chen Bu Ming , Shi Feng Bang , Guo Zhong Cheng , Xu Rui Dong
Published: October 2012

The anodic coating of α-PbO2-Co3O4-CeO2 on stainless steel was prepared by DC deposition in this paper. The effect of different conditions and solid particles on the binding, appearance and deposition rate of the composite was researched. The optimum conditions for electrode preparations were obtained as follows: the current density 1.5 A/dm2, electroplating time 2 h, temperature 40 °C, Co3O4 30 g/L and CeO2 15 g/L. On this condition, the α-PbO2-5.43wt% Co3O4-4.64wt%CeO2 composite coating can be obtained. SEM and linear sweep voltammeter were used for the analysis of the surface structure and oxygen evolution potential. The results showed that the doping particles can not only improve electrode surface area but also reduce the granularity of pellet. The α-PbO2-5.43wt%Co3O4-4.64wt%CeO2 electrode has a lower oxygen evolution potential and higher electrocatalytic activity than pure α-PbO2 electrode.
Study on Conductivity of Plain Woven Fabric of Embedded Silver-Plated Fibers of Different Twists
Authors: Lin Meng Meng , Xie Yong , Du Lei , Zou Feng Yuan
Published: October 2012

This paper studies the conductivity of plain woven fabric of embedded silver-plated fibers of different twists. Five samples of different numbers of twists are tested under weft tensile. The results are the following: during the process of elongation, the resistance of fabric is bigger than the initial resistance, the rate of resistance change shows positive relationship with strain and presents a rising tendency generally; when the number of twists is 300 T/m, the rate of resistance change is bigger than other four fabrics under the same strain, the stability of changes of relative resistance of fabric is better than others; the rate of resistance change of fabric changes stably in the range of 0%~15% elongation.
Synthesis and Properties of Highly Oriented Lead Barium Titanate Thin Film on MgO(100) by a Nonaqueous Sol-Gel Process
Authors: Zhu Hong , Guo Zhi Jun , Yang Wein Duo , Chang Wein Feng
Published: October 2012

This study investigated the structure, microstructure and optical properties of the highly-oriented lead barium titanate (Pb1-xBaxTiO3, PBT) thin films prepared on MgO (100) substrate by a nonaqueous sol-gel process. The film precursor was synthesized by the modified sol-gel processing from lead acetate, barium acetate, and titanium isopropoxide, acetylacetone as chelating agent, and ethylene glycol as solvent. This stable precursor was formed by acetylacetone chelating with titanium isopropoxide and then mixing the solution of the acetates. The spin-coating technique was used to deposit the PBT films on MgO (100) substrate with different barium contents and various spin-coating numbers, respectively. X-ray diffraction was employed to study the crystal structure of the thin film and field emission scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the microstructure of the films. Optical properties of the thin films were investigated by Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. All films exhibited a (100) preferred orientation, especially the PB0.5T (3-coating layers) thin film. In the optical properties, the adsorption wavelength shifted to the ultraviolet region with increasing barium.
The Preparation and Characterization of LiFe0.98Mn0.02PO4/C by Spray-Drying and Low Temperature Reduction Route
Authors: Zhang Jia Feng , Zhang Bao , Guo Xue Yi , Chen He Zhang , Wang Jian Long , Shen Chao , Zheng Jun Chao
Published: October 2012

The LiFe0.98Mn0.02PO4/C was synthesized by spray-drying and low temperature reduction route using FePO4•2H2O as precursor, which was prepared by a simple co-precipitation method. The LiFe0.98Mn0.02PO4/C sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electrochemical measurements. The XRD analysis and SEM images show that sample has the good ordered structure and spherical particle. The charge-discharge tests demonstrate that the powder has the better electrochemical properties, with an initial discharge capacity of 162.1 mAh•g−1 and 155.8 mAh•g−1 at current density of 0.1 C and 1C, respectively. The capacity retention reaches 99.4% after 100 cycles at 1C.
The Study of Edge Crack on Hot Strip Steel for CSP
Authors: Peng Qi Chun , Tong Zhi Bo , Yang Liu , Liu Bing Yu , Qian Long , He Jin Ping
Published: October 2012

By macroscopic observation, metallographic examination, scanning electron microscope and energy spectrum analysis, it is inferred that the steel flow bellows SEN is too strong that the heat delivering at steel top surface in the mould is not enough by taking sample on slab, F2 transition strip and hot strip steel with cracks, which causes insufficient mould powder melting, and hooked oscillation marks are formed. Since liquid steel liquidity is not good either, a part of powder can be caught by solidification front, and many fine cracks are generated on slab surface. This kind of hooked oscillation mark, subsurface fine crack and corner crack evolve into edge crack, and rolling simulation testing proved this inference. Moreover, Cu beneficiation is also one reason of edge crack. Edge crack of hot strip steel study can be used to guide actual production, and to avoid the generation of edge crack.
Concentration of DHA and EPA from Marine Fish Oil by Urea Complexation
Authors: Zhang Chun Zhi , Chen Ming , Mao Zhi Guo , Zu Guo Ren
Published: October 2012

A simple and inexpensive procedure involving ethanolysis and urea complexation was developed to concentrate docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from marine fish oil in the form of their ethyl esters. The urea complexation process parameters including urea-to-fish oil ratio, the amount of ethanol and reaction temperature were investigated in single factor experiments. The results showed that the optimal process parameters for urea complexation were as follows: the ratio of urea-to-fish oil of 0.75:1, the ratio of ethanol-to-urea of 2:1, reaction temperature of 65 °C for 30 min. Under these conditions, the total fraction of DHA and EPA in concentrates was increased to 60.6%, in which the content of DHA and EPA was 24.2% and 36.4%, respectively. Combination of ethanolysis and urea complexation is a promising method to obtain concentrated n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from marine fish oil.
Synthesis and Characterization of Quaternary Ti-Si-C-N Film Deposited by Middle Frequency Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Jiang Jin Long , Chen Di , Zhu Wei Jun
Published: October 2012

Quaternary Ti-Si-C-N films were deposited Si wafer by middle frequency magnetron sputtering Ti80Si20 twin-targets in mixture atmosphere of Ar, CH4 and N2. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicate that the films present an amorphous structure with no columnar structure. These films are quite uniform and dense without large particles. The film deposited at 10 sccm CH4 and 10 sccm N2 flow rates exhibits a maximum hardness of 18.9 GPa and high elastic recovery of 97%.
Effect of the Short Fiber on the NR Composite and the NR-SBR Composite
Authors: Liu Cai Jun
Published: October 2012

The influence of the pretreatment polyester short fiber on the mechanical process and the properties of the NR/ SBR compound was studied by using contrast method. The results showed that the maximum power and the unit energy consumption increased because of short fiber, and the temperature also enhanced. So the low rotate speed is better. When the composite were cured, it had much characteristic such as rapid vulcanization speed, short scorch time and vulcanization smooth period. But the mechanical properties were increased. In the end, the microscopic photo of composite with the scanning electronic micrograph was taken.
Nano-MgO Templated Mesoporous Carbon as Anode Material for Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Shi Lu , Miao Chao Lin , Xu Bin , Chen Shi
Published: October 2012

The mesoporous carbon material is prepared by using phenolic resin and MgO nanoparticles as precursor and template, respecitively. The microstructure of the carbon is characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption, Hg porosimetry and field-emission scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The electrochemical performances of the carbon as anode material for lithium ion batteries are evaluated by galvanostatic charge/discharge and cyclic voltammetry tests. It is shown that the BET surface area of the mesoporous carbon material can reach 1024 m2/g. Its pore size distributes between 20 and 50nm. The mesoporous carbon possesses high first discharge capacity and good cycling performance. It is believed that it is an effective method to use nano-MgO particle as template to prepare mesoporous carbon anode materials for lithium ion batteries.
Study on Carbon-coating Li3V2(PO4)3 Cathode Materials Prepared with Different Carbon Sources
Authors: Li Yue Jiao , Hong Liang , Sun Jing Qiu , Wu Feng
Published: October 2012

Lithium-ion battery cathode materials, Li3V2(PO4)3/C, were prepared via rheological phase method. Li2CO3、NH4H2PO4、V2O5 were employed as raw materials, and citric acid or polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used as the chelating agent (carbon source). The structure, morphology characters and the electrochemical performances of the samples were tested. The results show that modification by carbon-coating is favorable for the growth of particles. The primary particle size obviously decreases with PEG added, while the agglomeration of primary particles could be inhibited using the citric acid as carbon source, which makes particle size more uniform. Moreover, the electrochemical test results show that both the two kinds of carbon sources can effectively improve the specific capacity and the cycling performance compared with the uncoated sample.
The Preparation and Characterization of LiFe0.98Ni0.01Nb0.01PO4/C by Carbon Reduction Route
Authors: Zhang Jia Feng , Zhang Bao , Guo Xue Yi , Wang Jian Long , Chen He Zhang , Shen Chao , Zheng Jun Chao
Published: October 2012

The LiFe0.98Ni0.01Nb0.01PO4/C was synthesized by carbon reduction route using FePO4•2H2O as precursor. The LiFe0.98Ni0.01Nb0.01PO4/C sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electrochemical measurements. The XRD analysis, SEM and TEM images show that sample has the good crystal structure, morphology and carbon coating. The charge-discharge tests demonstrate that the powder has the better electrochemical properties, with an initial discharge capacity of 164.6 mAh•g−1 at current density of 0.1 C. The capacity retention reaches 99.8% after 100 cycles at 0.1C.
Preparation and Properties of ZnO by Ionic Liquid Assisted Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Jiang Yan Li , Liu Jia Yao , Tian Mei , Yang Li Juan , Cui Rui Hai
Published: October 2012

Zinc oxide nanopowder was prepared by sol-gel method using oxalic acid and zinc acetate as starting material for the first time. And Rhodamine B as the target material to study the different levels of ionic liquids on the photocatalytic performance of nano-ZnO. ZnO powder was determined by SEM and XRD for introduction of ionic liquids derived from nano-ZnO surface morphology and crystal before and after. The results show that nano-ZnO catalyst surface pores increased and grain refinement by adding ionic liquid which is conducive to nano-ZnO on the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B.
Decolorization of Direct Yellow R Dye from Aqueous Solution by Aluminum Anode Electrochemical
Authors: Nguyen Quang Phi , Sun Zhao Nan , Hu Xiao Min
Published: October 2012

The present study applied Aluminum anode electrochemical method to decolorize direct yellow R wastewater. Experiments were conducted in electrochemical cell system with dimensions of 60 mm ´ 40 mm ´ 2 mm, a steel cathode and aluminum anode. Decolorization efficiency and electrical energy consumption were also calculated to compare optimal values. The effects of factors consist of current density, initial pH, initial dye concentration and electrolyte solution concentration on color removal efficiency have been also investigated. The results of study suggested that direct yellow R dye decolorization was very effective by using treatment technique applied in the study. The optimal values of impact factors were also indicated by. The initial dye concentration of 50 mg/l, initial pH value of 6.76, and current density of 2.5 mA/cm2 and Na2SO4 electrolyte concentration of 0.1mol/L were optimal conditions for dye decolorization. Besides that, the dye decolorization might reached the highest efficiency of 96.1% once it was conducted at temperature of 20°C, electrode distance of 16 mm and electrolyte time of 60 minutes. Energy consumption for decolorization in conditions mentioned above was 2.399 kWh/kg-dye.
Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on the Polypropylene/Syndiotactic 1,2-Polybutadiene Blends: Radiation Stabilization of Polypropylene
Authors: Li Min , Xiao Li Guang , Zhao Hong Kai
Published: October 2012

The effect of electron beam irradiation on polypropylene (PP), syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene (sPB) and their blends were studied. They were irradiated with the doses of 20 kGy, 60 kGy, 80 kGy and 100 kGy. Scanning electron microscopy and mechanical test were carried out to characterize the irradiated samples. When PP/sPB blends were irradiated, a part of PP macroradicals created by irradiation acts either as crosslinking agent making the PP and sPB crosslink or it is grafted onto sPB in the interface, which results in the interfacial adhesion stronger between PP and sPB compared with unirradiated PP/sPB blends. Significant improvement of mechanical properties has been obtained by the addition of sPB in the PP matrix when irradiated. The presence of sPB obviously decreases the PP sensitivity to radiation effects.
Influences of Model’s Shape on Molding Time in Glass Molding Press
Authors: Zhu Ke Jun , Yin Shao Hui , Fan Yu Feng , Chen Feng Jun , Yu Jian Wu , Zhu Yong Jian
Published: October 2012

Optical glass is widely used as the most important material in optical field in recent years. Glass molding press (GMP) has been employed as a promising technique to manufacture optical components in mass production. Heating time and annealing time are the key factors which influence the production cycle. In this paper, an effective method of improving the heating or the annealing effectiveness is to increase the area exposed to the cooling or hot nitrogen by means of adding slots. In the same condition, four models with different slots were built. Based on the theoretical analysis of glass heating and annealing property in the molding process, finite element simulation was carried out. The results showed that the model with slots may decrease the heating and annealing time.
Multi-Trait Associated Selection of the Larix Construction Timber Superior Families
Authors: Li Yan Xia , Weng Hai Long , Wang Fu De , Wang Hong Mei , Zhou Xian Chang
Published: October 2012

The growth and physical mechanics traits of 14 families made up of Larix and its crossbreeds are selected as the research object of this tractate, which go through genetic variation analysis, differentiation analysis, comprehensive index assessment and selection. Then, I take construction timber as the breeding target, synthetically assess the growth and mechanics traits, and finally discover the superior families of K5, K3, K5×L75-5 and K5×L77-3 that are excellent in both growth and mechanics traits.
The Effect of Polyester Structures on the Damping Property of Polyurethane Elastomers
Authors: Chen Hao , Zhou Hai Jun , Liu De Ju , Li Yan Tao
Published: October 2012

Polyurethane elastomers (PU) based on polyester, TDI-100 and MOCA were synthesized by two step method. The polyurethane elastomers were investigated by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscope (AFM) and dynamic thermal mechanical analyses (DMA). The results show that the structure of polyester plays an important role in polyurethane damping materials. When the polyester contains more side methyl groups, the polyurethane material has high damping properties (tan δ) and wide damping zones. So the polyurethane damping property can be improved by choosing polyester with appropriate structure.
The Effects of Hanging Microbe Coagulation Natural Rubber on Molecular Structures and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Li Jin Feng , Huang Mao Fang , Liao Jian He , Li Pu Wang , Gao Tian Ming
Published: October 2012

In this study, the cross-linked network structures, dynamic mechanical properties and Po、PRI of microbe coagulated natural rubber (NR) samples were analyzed. And mechanical properties of the corresponding NR vulcanizates were further determined by universal testing machines. The results show that the NR of aging resistance increased with the cycle of hanging.When hanged 14 days,the PRI and P0 were 85 and 36.6. With the cycle of hanging rising, NR raw rubber of cross-linked density increased,and had good dynamic mechanical properties as compared with that hanged 0 days.
Thermal Degradation Behavior of Polyaniline in Polyaniline/Tunsten Carbide Composite
Authors: Huang Hui , Fu Ren Chun , Guo Zhong Cheng
Published: October 2012

Polyaniline/tungsten carbide (PANI/WC) composite was synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline using ammonium persulfate as the oxidant and thermal treated in air at 150°C, 250°C, 350°C and 450°C to 2 hours. The changes of structure, crystalline and conductivity were investigated by Fourier Transformed Infrared (FT-IR), Fourier Transformed Raman (FT-Raman), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and four-probe technique. The results showed that PANI/WC composite showed much-improved thermal stability compared to pure PANI. But the conductivity of PANI/WC is reduced to some extent (1.73 S/cm, the conductivity is reduced by about 82%) after thermal treated at 250°C, and dropped by 6 orders of magnitude (3.25×10-6S/cm) at 350°C. This may be explained by that only a fraction of dopant losses during thermal treatment at 250°C, but after thermal treatment at 350°C, along with cross-linking, chain scission and oxygen, resulting in destruction of crystal structure, decrease of the emeraldine sequence.
The Growth Mechanism of LSGM Thin Film Electrolyte by RF Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Xing Jie , Chen Xiu Hua , Ma Wen Hui , Li Rui , Yang Jian Jun , Yu Jie
Published: October 2012

In order to discuss the growth mechanism of LSGM films, La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.85 (LSGM) thin films electrolytes were fabricated on Si substrates by RF magnetron sputtering. The atomic force microscope (AFM) and X-ray diffraction analyzer (XRD) were used to analyze film surface morphology and phase components. The results show that LSGM films are grown with island structure. When the deposition time increases to 30min, the preferred growth orientations appears, which is (112) crystal face. The longer deposition time is, and the rougher the surface possesses.
The Study on the Mechanical Properties of Closed-Cell Foam Rubber Based on Microstructure Model
Authors: Guo Hui , Hu Wen Jun , Tao Jun Lin
Published: October 2012

This paper analyses the mechanical behavior of matrix material and cell structure of closed-cell foam rubber by Gibson-Ashby model and the strain energy function of incompressible rubber-like material. The constitutive relation of closed-cell foam rubber is established by the overlay analysis of the two impact factors. The constitutive data for the new model is fitted and the uniaxial compression experiment is utilized to prove the feasibility of the constitutive equation produced in this paper. The model is in good agreement with the experimental results.
Nonlinear Intelligent Constitutive Relation Of Piezoelectric Ceramic
Authors: Qin Rong , Qin Jun , Zhu Xu Hui
Published: October 2012

New relation of the piezoelectric thermoplastic strain and total strain,piezoelectric strain and temperature strain is established.the relation is independent of the Yield surface,Loading surface and the flow rule. The piezoelectric elasto - plastic intelligent constitutive relation,piezoelectric thermal elasto - plastic intelligent constitutive relation and nonlinear intelligent constitutive relation are created.they can avoid the enormous difficulties and severe defects which exist when we use the Yield surface,the Loading surface and the Flow rule. These constitutive relation can also be used in the general structure ( piezoelectric strain and temperature strain is zero ).
Study on Corrosion Inhibition of Compound Corrosion Inhibitor of Molybdate in Seawater
Authors: Wei Ying Li , Tian Ya Qiang , Wang Yue Hua , Yang Xiao Hong
Published: October 2012

The corrosion inhibition performance of molybdate and molybdate compound corrosion inhibitor of carbon steel in seawater were tested using weight loss method, electrochemical polarization curve, and the quaternary compound molybdate corrosion inhibitor were made sure through the experiments. The experiment results show that the compound corrosion inhibitors have obvious synergistic corrosion inhibition effects in the proportion of 40 mg/L molybdate, 10mg/L HEDP, 4mg/L Zn2+ and 50 mg/L glucose acid salts.
Simulation on Ballistic Performance of Ceramic/Metal Composite Armor
Authors: Jia Yu , He Fei Xiang , Shi Li Ping , Wang Xin Tao
Published: October 2012

In this paper, we will simulation three different structures of the ceramic/metal armor by ansys Ls-dyna, under the condition of the same thickness ceramic. In the paper, every structure was impacted with the flat-ended ballistic with 600m/s velocity. Through calculation we find that the case2 and case3 has the nearly equal residual velocity, lower than the case1, so the case2 and case3 are superior to the case1, but case3 has the smallest damage area, so that the case3 has the most excellent ballistic performance, especially on the performace of multi-hit.
Study of Chelating Agents in Silicon Wafer Polishing Slurry
Authors: Zhang Xi Hui , Wang Gui Xiang
Published: October 2012

Several chelating agents in silicon polishing slurries were studied about their effects on copper adhesion to the surface of silicon wafer. The copper contamination level on the Si wafer surface was measured with GFAAS. The results indicate that PAA and HEDP for acid slurries can reduce 80% copper contamination with respect to the situation of without chelating agent. EDTA, the most common chelating agent for alkaline slurries, has no predominant compared with FA/O and AEEA. The copper contamination on Si wafer surface can reduce nearly 50% by adding EDTA while the addition of FA/O or AEEA in the same concentration for alkaline slurries can reach more than 70% reduction of copper contamination level.
Calculation of Thermodynamic Properties for B2-YCu Intermetallics with Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Xu Long Shan , Wu Yu Rong
Published: October 2012

The thermodynamic properties of YCu intermetallics with B2 structure are investigated with molecular dynamics. The thermodynamic properties at various temperatures, such as lattice parameter, cohesive energy, enthalpy of formation, elastic constants, heat capacity, vibrational entropy and vibrational free energy are computed. The present calculated results show good agreements with available experimental and previous calculated data. The calculated elastic constants suggested that YCu compound has a mostly ductile behavior. This prediction match well with experimental findings. At high temperature, the heat capacity tends to a constant with obeys the classical equipartition law. At 300K, the heat capacity of YCu is 23.80J mol-1 K-1. The calculated coefficient of thermal volume expansion α increases sharply at T<20K. When T<300K α gradually approaches a linear increase with enhanced temperature and the propensity of increment becomes moderate. At T=300K, the value of α is 5.88×10-5K-1. And those data enrich thermodynamic data-base for YCu compound.
Numerical Simulation on the Effects of Ceramic Particle Reinforcement Distribution on the Penetration of Functionally Graded Material Armor
Authors: Jia Yu , Wang Xin Tao , Shi Li Ping , He Fei Xiang
Published: October 2012

In this paper, LS-DYNA software was used to simulate the penetration of metal-ceramic functionally graded material armor made of Aluminum alloy reinforced by ceramic particle. The ceramic particle volume fraction varies from layer to layer along the armor thickness. The armor’s geometry of the calculation model considered was a four-sides-fixed supported square plate whose side length was far out weight its thickness. The penetrator considered was a long rod projectile, and it impacted the plate with three different speeds along the centre line of the plate. Three different armors with the same areal density were investigated. The results show that at relative low impact velocity, the ballistic resistance has very close relation with the gradient distribution of the armor. At relative high impact velocity, the ballistic resistance of functionally graded armors is not sensitive to the ceramic particle distribution. For the same areal density, the ballistic resistance of ceramic particle reinforced functionally graded armors is better than homogeneous aluminum alloy armor at any velocity situation.
Optimization on Influencing Factors of Fracture Toughness of Corundum-Mullite Toughened by In Situ Synthesized Mullite Whiskers by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Meng Bin , Peng Jin Hui
Published: October 2012

The corundum-mullite was toughened by in-situ synthesized mullite whiskers and the process parameters influencing the fracture toughness of corundum-mullite, such as sintering temperature, addition amount of AlF3 and V2O5, were optimized by means of response surface method. Corundum-mullite with fracture toughness of 9.44 MPa.m-1/2 could be obtained under the optimized conditions, i.e. sintering temperature of 1400°C, 4.8 wt.% of AlF3 and 5.8 wt.% of V2O5. The results showed that it was feasible to prepare corundum-mullite toughened by in-situ synthesized mullite whiskers by the optimized parameters. In addition, an accurate model based on response surface method was proposed to predict the experimental results.
Analysis on Crack Propagation Mechanism of Single Crystal Copper by FEAt Method
Authors: Li Ge , Zhang Qing Long , Chen Ming , Zhou Lin Yong
Published: October 2012

By FEAt method, the tensile processes of single crystal copper with the type I crack at temperature of 293K were simulated, and the effect of different initial crack lengths to crack propagation mechanism was analyzed. The results indicate that the different initial crack lengths have significant effect on crack propagation mechanism. With the increase of crack length, the critical stress of crack propagation was significantly reduced, the dislocation walls were easy to appear, and mesh staggered of the crack branch along the cleavage plane was more pronounced.
Comparative Study on Removal of Fe, Al and Ca From MG-Si by Acid Leaching
Authors: Mai Yi , Ma Wen Hui , Xie Ke Qiang , Wang Tong , Zhang Hu , Liu Qiang
Published: October 2012

In order to find the most effective hydrometallurgical method of removing iron, aluminum and calcium from MG-Si, a variety of acid leaching methods were presented. The research results show that the order of capacity of metallic impurity removal is HF, HCl, HNO3 and H2SO4. The most effective hydrometallurgical method is the leaching by mixed acid with hydrofluoric acid and sulfuric acid. Removal efficiency of hydrochloric acid pressure leaching can improved as the pressure increases. Sulfuric acid and nitric acid even using high pressure leaching cannot obtain high impurity removal rate. The leaching by hydrofluoric acid or mixed acid containing hydrofluoric acid and sulfuric acid is very effective on removal of iron and aluminum, but less effective on calcium.
Experimental Study on Spraying Nozzle Arrangement of Slab Caster
Authors: Peng Zhu Gang , Cang Da Qiang , Gao Wen Fang , Yang Zhi Zheng , Zhang Jian Jun
Published: October 2012

Based on the actual arrangement of secondary cooling nozzle of Slab Caster, the paper determines and analyzes the water volume density distribution of different assembled Arrangement of nozzles. The results demonstrate that the distribution of the nozzles in every area is ideal, and can make the uniformity of the slab temperature relatively. The reality is that the more nozzles included in one row, the better uniformity of water volume density distribution can be got. Both the uniformity of water volume density distribution and the complexity of the pipes’ instruction should be considered in designing the assembled arrangement of nozzles. The uniformity of water volume density distribution will change seriously with unreasonable instruction or unqualified nozzles, that will influence the uniformity of the slab cooling seriously.
Microwave Digestion-ICP-MS Determination of Vanadium Oxide for 22 Impurity Elements
Authors: Cheng Yong
Published: October 2012

With the utilization of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid, vanadium oxide samples such as V2O5 and V2O3 are digested by the way of high-pressure closed microwave heating and 22 impurity elements with concentration of 0.0001% ~ 0.5% including Nb, Zr, Ti, W, Si, Al, Mo, Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, Cd, As, P, Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, Na, K and B are directly and simultaneously determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The optimum microwave digestion conditions, combination and ratio of the digestion reagents, optimization of detection conditions, matrix effects, mass interferences and other influencing factors are investigated; in order to eliminate the mass spectrum interference from vanadium matrix isobars and polyatomic ion formed by combination of these isobars and Ar, O, H and other atoms, isotopes of the test elements with high abundance sensitivity and little interference are selected for analysis of elements; the analyte is divided into two mass regions, respectively using Sc and Rh as internal standard for the correction of matrix effects. The results show that: V2O5, V2O3 and impurities contained in the matrix can be quickly and completely digested, thus, insoluble oxides or volatile impurities such as Nb, Zr, Ti, W, Si, Al, Cr and As can be digested without a loss; the stability and precision of continuous determination is significantly improved by Sc and Rh internal standard correction method, and matrix effects, interface effects and other effects generated in high vanadium-based matrix are effectively eliminated. The test also boosts a detection limit of 0.01 ~ 0.89μg /L, correlation coefficient r ≥ 0.9991, recovery rate of 90% ~ 113% and RSD <5%. This method can meet the need to simultaneously determine 22 kinds of micro, trace and ultra-trace impurities of various normal or high-purity V2O5, V2O3 and other vanadium oxides.
Experimentation and Mathematical Model Reseach on Air Gap Membrane Distillation
Authors: Guan Ying , Cui Hong Jiang
Published: October 2012

Air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) experiments were done to reseach flux of membrane distillation at different working fluid temperature and mass flow rate. The driving power of distillation experiments is solar power. The experimental flux of membrane distillation reached 49kg/m2•h. The mathematical model of AGMD’ heat and mass transfer was set up. The biggest relative error is less than 9% between results of experiment and mathematical model calculation. The mathematical model can be used to forecast the distillation flux and the thermal efficiency.
Research on Technology of Smelting Low-Sulphur Steel
Authors: Jiang Long Kui
Published: October 2012

Based on feature of low-sulphur steel smelting in PanGang, in terms of optimizing desulfurization technology, reducing resulfurization in converter steelmaking, optimizing desulfurization in LF molten steel refining process and developing RH molten steel refining desulfurization technology. The sulphur content of hot metal can be controlled no more than 0.003%, and that of terminal molten steel can also be controlled no more than 0.005%, which makes the production of low-sulphur steel come true, and the technology route of such steel smelting be established.
Situation and Technology Progress of Lead Smelting in China
Authors: Gao Wei , Wang Cheng Yan , Yin Fei , Chen Yong Qiang , Yang Wei Jiao
Published: October 2012

The present paper reviews the situation and technology progress of lead smelting in China. According to the new lead smelting processes, this paper also presents a lead oxygen-enriched flash smelting technology, whose intellectual property rights are completely owned by China，it points out that lead smelting processes develop as follow: lower environmental pollution, higher metal recovery rate, more effective for complex low grade lead-bearing ore materials, lower energy consumption and higher automation degree.
Study on Deformation Behavior of Rolled Metal at Ultra High Rolling Speed in Wire Rod Mills
Authors: Shuai Xi Yuan , Wu Chao
Published: October 2012

Experiments were carried out by rolling pure iron at ultra high rolling speed. Results showed that the grain size of the rolled products in certain areas is corresponded by the grain size of the matrix. The deformation of rolled metal does not only occur at the surface, but also penetrate to the center when rolling speed is set >100m/s with the corresponded strain rate >2800 S-1. The grain size of the rolled products fits well with the matrix (billet) if distributed evenly. The longitudinal section parallel to rolling direction is analyzed by optical microscope. The grains near the center were stretched in vertical direction, while the ones around the surface were compressed. This is determined by the unique character of groove rolling.
Research on Reducing Tapping Temperature of BOF
Authors: Chen Jun , Chen Yong , Liang Xin Teng , Zeng Jian Hua
Published: October 2012

According to the test of reducing tapping temperature of BOF, factors affect the tapping temperature are studied and measures to reduce temperature drop during tapping are raised. Results show that the average tapping temperature during test is 1672°C, which is 13°C lower than mass production; and the tapping temperature more than 1690°C only account for 14.28%, which is twenty percentage points lower than before; temperature drops during tapping is decreased from 99.0°C to 93.64°C, which 5.36°C lower than before.
Removal Phosphorous from High Phosphorous Converter Steel Making Slag by Hydrometallurgical Process
Authors: Xia Wen Tang , Zhou Xue Jiao , Yin Jian Guo , Gao Yi Feng , Yang Wen Qiang , An Juan
Published: October 2012

Removing phosphorus from high phosphorus converter steel slag by hydrometallurgical method was studied in this paper. The influence of different dephosphorizting agents on the effect of phosphorus slag was investigated, and high efficient dephosphorizating agent was found. The effects of reaction time, liquid to solid ratio, stirring speed, reaction temperature and dephosphorizing agent concentration on the impact of dephosphorization were studied. The results showed that on the conditions of the reaction time 40 min, slag particle size <0.147 mm, liquid to solid ratio of 4:1, stirring speed 400 rpm, the reaction temperature 25 °C, and dephosphorizing agent concentration 5 mol/L, the optimum dephosphorization results were achieved. The dephosphorization ratio can reach 70%, and the phosphorus content in steel slag decreased from 1.03% to 0.46%, the total iron content increase from 30.676% to above 44%.
Research on Application of Vanadium Extraction Tailings for BOF Steelmaking
Authors: Chen Lian , Wang Jian , Ge Wen Sun , Jiang Shi Chuan , Yi Liang Gang
Published: October 2012

In order to solve the environmental problems produced by vanadium extraction tailings of calcium roasting, the technology of vanadium extraction tailings used for converter steelmaking is investigated. The research results show that for common steel production, the technology of BOF slagging with vanadium extraction tailings is feasible. Compared with the original complex slagging flux, slag formation times is shortened, rate of dephosphorization, oxygen blowing time, iron loss and so on are slightly better after addition of vanadium extraction tailings. And only the sulfur content of molten steel increased 0.004% and the temperature reduced 10°C. In addition, there is no significant adverse impact on the quality of molten steel.
Decontamination of Drilling Fluid Waste from Coalbed Methane Well
Authors: Guo Li Jun , Li Jian , Hu Huan Yu , Liu Hai Ning , Lu Jia
Published: October 2012

Coalbed methane drilling can produce drilling fluid waste, and inappropriate treatment will influence the environment and subsequent operation. Because of the scattered coalbed methane well locations and cost reasons, domestic and foreign conventional oil and gas drilling fluid waste method cannot be copied. So the solidified method is more appropriate. Referencing the region of Lin Fen, by detecting five wells’ waste drilling fluid indoor, the indexes are pH, coloration, suspended matter, BOD5, COD, total chromium and hexavalent chromium. The drilling fluid index of waste-polymer is beyond the Grade-2 National Wastewater Discharge Standards, but the waste Fuzzy-Ball based drilling fluid reach the standards. It has been designed indoor that the formula of waste Fuzzy-Ball based drilling fluid solidified method’s which is mainly based on cement. The indexes of leaching solution are pH, coloration, suspended matter(99mg/l), BOD5(52.3mg/l), COD(117.4mg/l), total chromium(0.32mg/l), hexavalent chromium(0.13mg/l) and the leaching solution can reach the Grade-2 National Wastewater Discharge Standards. Solidification mud can achieve without large appliance and can deal with 200m3 waste Fuzzy-Ball based drilling fluid of JU2-H well in 10 days, its indexes of leaching solution can reach the Grade-2 National Sewage Discharge Standards. The strengths must be sure for the later vehicle transporting and the cultivation after land fill. Using Fuzzy-Ball based drilling fluid when drill can ensure the source controlling of waste drilling fluid pollution. At the same time, it can cost lower and operate easier.
Study on Strengthening Glued-Laminated Timber with Aramid Cords and Properties of Composite Materials
Authors: Rajczyk Marlena , Jończyk Damian
Published: October 2012

This paper presents method of strengthening glued-laminated timber with aramid cords. In order to estimate the increase in load-bearing capacity, numerical analysis was carried out on three beams: unreinforced; reinforced with one layer of aramid cords; and reinforced with two layers of aramid cords. A preliminary numerical analysis showed a reduction of deflections of reinforced beams by about 11 to 14 % and a reduction of 19 to 25 % of normal stress.
Impact of Glass Sheets Rigidity on Loads Interaction in an Insulating Glass Unit with Properties of Composite Materials
Authors: Respondek Zbigniew , Rajczyk Marlena
Published: October 2012

An insulating glass unit is composed of two sheets of glass sealed by a hermetic gas space, which leads to the fact that a part of load influencing one of glass sheets is transferred to a sheet that is not loaded directly. The article describes the impact of glass sheets rigidity on the value of the load transferred this way.