bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Surgical Techniques in Gynecomastia Treatment: Analysis of 65 Cases
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Muhammed Beşir , ERTEKİN Cengiz , AKSAN Tolga , KALEM Uğur Kaan , TEZCAN Mustafa
Published: August 2020

Aim: Gynecomastia is a benign enlargement of the breast in males. Surgical treatment options include liposuction, glandular excision and the combination of liposuction and glandular excision. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate 65 consecutive gynecomastia patients who were operated using different techniques and to present the treatment approach, and results and complications related to surgical techniques.Material and Methods: Sixty five patients who underwent gynecomastia operation in our clinic between June 2016 and January 2019 were included in this study. Demographic data, preoperative and postoperative photographs, clinical classification, perioperative details, postoperative results and complications were evaluated retrospectively.Results: Fifty five (84.6%) patients had bilateral gynecomastia and 10 (15.4%) patients had unilateral gynecomastia. Of the 120 breasts operated, 91 (75.8%) were Grade II, 20 (16.7%) were Grade III and 9 (7.5%) were Grade I, according to the Simon classification. Twenty-eight (43.1%) patients underwent liposuction and glandular excision, 35 (53.8%) patients underwent liposuction alone, and two (3.1%) patients underwent glandular excision only. Skin excision was performed for two patients at the first operation. Only two patients, one for inadequate reduction and the other for skin excess, were demanded revision surgery.Conclusion: Surgical treatment options for gynecomastia patients can be determined according to clinical evaluation of breast tissue and skin excess. In young patients with good skin quality, skin excision can be left for a second session. Although there was no significant difference between the methods used in this study, more complications were found with the excisional technique.
Can Hematological Parameters Predict the Severity of Acute Pancreatitis?
Authors: EKİN Nazım , ARAÇ Eşref , ARAÇ Songül
Published: August 2020

Aim: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), mean platelet volume (MPV) and erythrocyte distribution width (RDW) are considered to be associated with systemic inflammation. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate NLR, PLR, MPV and RDW as prognostic factors in acute pancreatitis (AP).Material and Methods: A total of 315 patients admitted to Health Sciences University Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital between May 2016 and May 2019 and diagnosed with AP were included in the study. Data of the patients were analyzed retrospectively. Laboratory values of the patients at the time of admission to the hospital were recorded and the Ranson score was calculated. Patients were divided into two groups as Ranson score <3 (mild AP) and ≥3 (severe AP). NLR, PLR, MPV and RDW parameters were compared between these groups.Results: Of the patients, 103 (32.7%) were males and 212 (67.3%) were females, and mean age was 57.2±19.5. According to the Ranson criteria, number of patients with a score below 3 was 274 (87.0%), and number of patients with a score of 3 or above was 41 (13.0%). In the severe AP group, NLR and PLR were significantly higher than in the mild AP group (16.2±14.3 vs. 8.2±7.7, p<0.001 and 283.7±223.0 vs. 195.5±139.3, p=0.004 respectively), but there was no statistically significant difference in terms of RDW-CV and MPV (13.7±1.0 vs. 13.9±1.9, p=0.849 and 9.7±1.3 vs. 9.5±1.1, p=0.201, respectively).Conclusion: NLR and PLR are simple and safe tests that can be used to determine the severity of AP.
Short Term Outcomes of Endarterectomy to Asymptomatic Extracranial Carotid Artery Disease
Authors: KALENDER Mehmet , UĞUR Oğuz , GÖKMENGİL Hayat , BAYSAL A Nihat , YAKIN DÜZYOL İpek , PARLAR Hakan , KARACA Okay Güven
Published: August 2020

Aim: Recently published papers regarding the treatment of carotid artery stenosis are in contradiction with previous trials. Some experts have argued that this evidence supports a conservative approach to carotid revascularization (carotid endarterectomy or carotid stenting) in asymptomatic patients. The objective of this study is to evaluate outcomes of carotid endarterectomy based on preoperative symptom status.Material and Methods: This retrospective study included patients underwent carotid endarterectomy to internal carotid artery between August 2008 and August 2015. Patients were divided into two groups according to preoperative symptoms. Asymptomatic group consisted of 41 patients with no preoperative neurological symptoms, and symptomatic group of 62 patients with preoperative neurological symptoms (vertigo, amaurosis fugax, transient ischemic attack and ischemic stroke). Postoperatively, all patients received standard therapy in line with the recommendation of the guidelines.Results: One hundred and three patients were enrolled in this study. The mean age of patients was 68.20±9.79 (range, 41-86) years, and 27 (26.2%) of them were female. There were no statistically significant difference in terms of demographic characteristics between the groups except risk groups; asymptomatic group had more high risk grouped patients (p=0.001). Asymptomatic group was associated with statistically significantly more postoperative mortality compared with symptomatic group (p=0.028). None of the preoperative variables were related to postoperative stroke. In symptomatic group, postoperative stroke was seen in the patients who had preoperative transient ischemic attack and major stroke.Conclusion: Time of surgical treatment in asymptomatic carotid artery disease should be planned according to patients’ cardiac risk factors.
Current Approach to the Prognostic Parameters of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors Accompanied by Our Cases
Authors: ÇOBAN Ganime , YILDIZ Pelin , SEZAL Zeynep , ADILLI Adila , BEŞİROĞLU Mehmet , AKÇAY Muzaffer , GUCIN Zuhal
Published: August 2020

Aim: Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are solid neoplasms common in young adult men and an important cause of cancer-related deaths during this period. Revisions in histopathological classification and staging affect prognosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to analyze our TGCT cases, to review prognostic parameters, and their relationship between germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS), intratubular and intertubular tumors.Material and Methods: In this study, Hematoxylin&Eosin-stained sections of 77 TGCTs were re-evaluated. The presence of GCNIS, intratubular and intertubular germ cell tumors were recorded. Histopathological classification and staging were revised based on the changes in the 8th edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC).Results: The majority of the patients were diagnosed as seminoma (n=42), followed by mixed germ cell tumors (n=33) and spermatocytic tumors (n=2). Rete testis invasion in 30 cases, epididymal invasion in 6 cases, hilar soft tissue invasion in 10 cases, tunica vaginalis invasion in 1 case, spermatic cord invasion in 4 cases, and lymphovascular invasion in 22 cases were detected. Intertubular seminoma in 25 cases, intratubular carcinoma in 16 cases, and GCNIS in 73 cases were detected.Conclusion: The major criteria to determine treatment choices are histopathological diagnosis, pathological tumor stage, serum tumor markers and presence of metastasis. According to AJCC 8th edition, addition of hilar soft tissue invasion to staging has increased the number of our pT2 cases. Moreover, assuming discontinuous tumor invasion of spermatic cord by vascular invasion as pM1 has also increased the number of metastatic testis tumors.
Airway Obstruction and Patchy Parenchymal Infiltrations Related to Tear Gas Exposure
Authors: AYKAÇ Nilüfer
Published: August 2020

A 50 year old nonsmoker female patient with respiratory complaints including phlegm and effort-related dyspnea admitted to the hospital. Anamnesis pointed out neither occupational nor hobby-related exposures. However, she mentioned several intense tear gas exposures, and describe dyspnea and wheezing right after these exposures. Computed tomography of the lung showed patchy areas of consolidation and ground glass opacity. Pulmonary function tests revealed an FEV1/FVC ratio of 67%. Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS) gas related pulmonary involvement was evident due to the lack of lesions on previous radiographs, improvement of her complaints and respiratory function test, and regression of the parenchymal lesions after ceasing the exposure. This case is presented to emphasize the importance of taking detailed anamnesis of the patient and to demonstrate the negative impacts of physical and social environment on human health, and more specifically to suggest that the riot control gases used are not as harmless as believed.
Mecanismos Constitucionais De Defesa Do Estado Brasileiro
Authors: Buzanello José Carlos
Published: August 2020

Este texto trata dos mecanismos constitucionais do Estado de Defesa abordando suas estruturas jurídicas e políticas e os devidos regramentos no emprego de força com o intuito de evitar des­man­dos e enfra­que­ci­men­to das insti­tui­ções. No seu desenvolvimento, o artigo discorre sobre duas situações distintas no texto constitucional: uma de defesa do Estado e outra de defesa das instituições democráticas. A defesa do Estado envolve a defesa do território nacional contra agressões estrangeiras, bem como a defesa da soberania nacional. Outra, é a defesa das instituições, que por sua vez, envolve a manutenção ou restabelecimento da ordem constitucional. Para exercer essas defesas, o Estado conta com instrumento de força chamado de “sistema constitucional de crises”. Conclui-se que no âmbito da democracia não tivemos crise constitucional nesses trinta anos, exceto a experiência traumática dos impeachments, contudo, o cenário que se vislumbra é de fragilidade democrática e o que se clama é o fortalecimento institucional do Estado Democrático de Direito.
Danos Morais: O Ingresso Da Pena Civil No Sistema De Direito Privado Brasileiro
Authors: Séllos-Knoerr Viviane Coêlho de , Sette Sandra Mara Franco , Sousa Angela Alves de
Published: August 2020

A tão decantada impunidade atrelada à violação ao que é proposto na Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos, em especial a conduta praticada por empresas transnacionais, as quais se instalam em países em desenvolvimento, foram uma fonte inspiradora para o presente trabalho. O foco principal deste trabalho foi o estudo do Ordenamento Jurídico Brasileiro e a possibilidade de preencher lacunas encontradas no Instituto da Responsabilidade Civil, e, nele, as questões referentes ao dano moral através da aplicação da pena civil. O Instituto do “Punitive Damages”, utilizado no ordenamento jurídico de países do “Common Law”, a nosso ver, é um mecanismo que, se implementado no Brasil, pode contribuir para atender a necessidade de evitar o delito, atuando preventivamente enquanto punindo eventuais transgressores. Neste contexto, a presente investigação conduzirá a algumas análises acerca da aplicação da pena civil aos danos morais no sistema de direito privado e público. Serão avaliados o dolo, a culpa, assim como pena civil e sua autonomia, bem como seus critérios de aplicabilidade. Tem como objetivo geral refletir e colocar questões inerentes à contemporaneidade, situando o ordenamento jurídico pátrio num aspecto amplo, inserido em um contexto global e nas particularidades dessa nova sociedade. A pesquisa iniciar-se-á com levantamento bibliográfico, não apenas da doutrina e seus derivados, mas inclusive em artigos e obras da área do Direito, Sociologia, Antropologia e História da Economia. Adotar-se-á o método dedutivo/indutivo, sendo este o meio mais adequado ao desenvolvimento do presente trabalho, em razão das diversas interpretações e discussões sob os mais diversos aspectos que o tema acarreta.
Daños Punitivos Y El Artículo 164 Del Texto Refundido De La Ley General De La Seguridad Social (Prestaciones Económicas Derivadas De Accidentes De Trabajo
Authors: Granizo Javier Espín
Published: August 2020

El presente artículo se plantea si existe presencia de los daños punitivos en el ordenamiento jurídico español, para ello, se realiza un estudio de una de las fórmulas legislativas que más debate ha suscitado con respecto a dicha forma indemnizatoria: el recargo de las prestaciones del artículo 164 TRLGSS.

Primero, se definirá el concepto de daños punitivos, aprovechando para situar los ordenamientos en los que se utiliza dicha fórmula indemnizatoria. Luego, se pormenorizarán algunas de sus más importantes características y funciones, para pasar a clasificarlos por tipos. Finalmente, se expondrán ejemplos extraídos de las legislaciones de ordenamientos de tradición escrita (civil law) con mención especial al artículo 164 TRLGSS, que hará preguntarse si la fórmula del recargo de las prestaciones es el principal precedente de los punitive damages en nuestro derecho.
Las Tres Fases De La Ausencia De Las Personas En España Desde La Ley 15/2015
Authors: Solutions Open Journal
Published: August 2020

En virtud del grado de desconexión que existe entre la persona y el lugar de su residencia habitual nos encontramos con una situación de mera desaparición – se presume la vida-, o bien con la declaración de ausencia legal – se duda sobre la vida-, o con la declaración de fallecimiento – se presume la muerte-. Tanto la incomunicación como la incertidumbre están presentes en las tres fases de la ausencia.

En España, la Ley 15/2015, de 2 de julio, de la Jurisdicción Voluntaria, introduce importantes cambios en la regulación de esta temática que consisten, fundamentalmente, en atribuir más funciones al letrado de la administración de justicia, en detrimento del juez; entre ellas destaca realizar el nombramiento tanto del defensor judicial del desaparecido como del representante del declarado ausente; declarar no solo el fin de la situación de ausencia legal sino también el fallecimiento de la persona, indicando la fecha desde la que se entiende que acontece la muerte; y acortar considerablemente los plazos para efectuar la declaración de fallecimiento, si la desaparición ocurre en circunstancias de riesgo.
Gênese E Desenvolvimento Da União Européia: Do Tratado De Paris Ao Tratado De Lisboa
Authors: Albuquerque Evelyn Pinheiro Tenório de , Brasil Deilton Ribeiro
Published: August 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo apontar as principais características desde a criação e o desenvolvimento da União Europeia, de modo a responder a problemática metodológica que se apresenta sobre com a abordagem histórica dos diversos tratados que regulamentaram a sua gênese tanto das comunidades europeias quanto da própria União Europeia.O texto propõe, com uso do método indutivo onde se busca fazer uma crítica referente à participação dos Estados no processo de unificação.A pesquisa é de natureza teórico-bibliográfica seguindo o método descritivo-dedutivo que instruiu a análise da legislação, bem como a doutrina que informa os conceitos de ordem dogmática.
The Position Of The Supreme Court Relating To The Protection Of The Fundamental Rights Of The Corporate Criminal Liability In The Criminal Proceedings
Authors: García Fernando Santa-Cecilia , Flores Begoña Fernández
Published: August 2020

La comunicación, tiene como idea central, comentar las Sentencias de la Sala de lo Penal del Tribunal Supremo, en relación a cómo se articula la responsabilidad penal de la persona jurídica con la de los integrantes de la entidad que hayan podido cometer el delito.

Para ello se analizan diversos derechos fundamentales que se han estudiado en dichas sentencias con el fin de comprobar si a la persona jurídica se le ampara con los mismos derechos que la persona física.

En especial, estudiaremos si en el procedimiento penal se garantiza el Derecho Fundamental de Defensa, contenido en la Constitución Española, a la persona jurídica de la misma manera que a la persona física.

The main idea behind this communication is to comment the Judgments of The Criminal Chamber of the Spanish Supreme Court, relating to how corporate criminal liability interacts with the criminal liability of the individuals within the company who may have committed a criminal offence.

Several fundamental rights that have been studied in these sentences are analyzed in order to verify whether the corporate liability is protected by the same rights as the natural person.

In particular, we will study whether the Fundamental Defense Law, contained in the Spanish Constitution, is guaranteed to the corporate liability in the criminal procedure in the same way as to the natural person.
A study of the frequency of overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome among university students
Authors: ÇAM Hasan Hüseyin , KARASU Fatma
Published: August 2020

Objective: The aim of this
study was to assess the frequency of overweight, obesity and other metabolic
syndrome component among university students. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a total of 357 university
students. The socioeconomic data, lifestyle, and cardiovascular disease risk
factors were filled out using a questionnaire. The clinical screenings included
measurement of blood pressure and determination of fasting lipid and glucose
concentrations. T-test, Pearson Chi-Square and Fisher’s Exact Test were used
for statistical analysis. Results: The
frequency of overweight or obesity was 25.9% in university students. The metabolic
syndrome (MetS) frequency as per the NCEP ATP III criteria was 2.4% (n=7). The
risk of developing MetS is high among those who smoke and male university
students. There were significant correlations between body mass index and
systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL
cholesterol and triglycerides levels. Conclusion:
Our findings provide evidence for the high frequency of overweight, obesity
in university students. The cardiovascular disease risk factors among
overweight and obese students were significantly higher than normal weight
students. Lifestyle modifications such as increased dietary changes and physical
activity can be helpful changes in MetS criteria.
Exploring the determinants of global life expectancy in an ecological perspective
Authors: MONDAL Md. Nazrul İslam , BAKİ Abu Naser Muhammad Abdul , HOQUE Md. Nazrul , KHAN Hafiz T.a. , KHAN Md. Nuruzzaman
Published: August 2020

Objective: This study is designed to
understand the impacts of demographic events, socioeconomic differentials,
health factors’ availability, and environmental reasons which influence life
expectancy (LE) globally. Methods: Data
of 183 countries were taken from the United Nations agencies. The predicted
variable was LE, and the determinants were demographic events, socioeconomic
factors, health-related factors, and environmental issues. Descriptive
statistics, correlation analysis, and backward multiple regression analysis
were used to reach the research objectives. Results: The lowest LEs were found in the African countries; and LE was found significantly
associated (p<0.05) with a wide
range of demographic, socioeconomic, health, and environmental factors. The necessity of full coverage of
immunization, higher income, and improved sanitation are expected to raise LE. However, LE may be increased by way of decreased fertilities, Human Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV) prevalence, and carbon dioxide () emissions.
Conclusions: LE is influenced by
different demographic, socioeconomic, health, and environmental factors.
Country-level and global efforts should be taken to raise LE throughout the reduction of HIV infection, births, and  emissions. The policy-makers should focus on
advancing reproductive decisions, increasing immunization coverage, and
upturning improved sanitation usage.
Avrupa’da dolaşan koleranın gölgesinde, Istanbul uluslararası sağlık konferansı, 1866
Authors: BAKAR Coşkun
Published: August 2020

Kolera 19.yüzyılda (yy) boyunca dünya üzerinde büyük salgınlara yol açtı. Bu dönemde Fransa’nın öncülüğünde uluslararası sağlık konferansları serisi gerçekleşti. Bu konferanslardan üçüncüsü 1866 yılında İstanbul’da yapıldı (17 ülke). Konferansın yapıldığı tarihlerde hastalığın bulaşma yolu hakkında tam olarak görüş birliği bulunmamaktaydı. Batılı delegelerin en önemli kaygıları hastalığın kendi ülkelerine bulaşmaması ve de ticareti engelleyecek önlemlerin alınmamasıydı. Ancak yine de konferansta hastalığın Hindistan kaynaklı olduğu ve karantina önlemlerinin güçlendirilmesi gerektiği kabul edildi
Rural-urban comparison in prevalence of hypertension and its factors among adolescents of Sarawak, Malaysia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: CHEAH Whye Lian , CHANG Ching Thon , HAZMİ Helmy , KHO Grace, Woei Feng
Published: August 2020

Objectives: This paper reports a study of the prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension, and its associated factors among secondary school students in Sarawak.  Methods: It was a cross-sectional study using questionnaire, anthropometric and blood pressure measurement.    Results: A total of 2461 secondary school children participated.  The prevalence of pre-hypertension was 13.2%, stage 1 hypertension was 12.4% and stage 2 hypertension was 4.6%.  The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 24.3%, elevated waist circumference was 13.5, and overfat and obese was 6.7%.  Based on the urban model, factors that were associated with pre-hypertension were age, male, parent with history of hypertension, overweight and obese.  At the hypertension level, only male, overweight and obese were found to be associated.  A higher odds ratio was found for elevated waist circumference of 4.42 (95% CI:1.75, 11.11) to be associated with hypertension.  In rural model, factors found to be associated with pre-hypertension were age, male, ethnic group (Chinese), overweight and obese, elevated waist circumference.  For pre- hypertension level, variables that were consistently to be associated with hypertension were male, ethnic group (Iban and Chinese), overweight and obese, elevated waist circumference, and parent with history of hypertension, overfat and obese.  Conclusions: The prevalence of pre hypertension and hypertension was found to be different between urban and rural area, gender and obesity were found to be associated with elevated blood pressure.   There is a need to emphasize earlier detection and intervention among younger generation on hypertension.
Elazığ (Türkiye) İl’inin farklı bölgelerinde yeraltı suları ve yerüstü sularındaki nitrat düzeylerine dayalı sağlık risk değerlendirmesi
Authors: ÇELİKER Murat
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Elazığ ilinin 65 farklı yerinden alınan yeraltı ve yerüstü su örneklerindeki nitrat konsantrasyonunun, bu bölgelerde yaşayan insanlar için olası sağlık tehlikelerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Kesitsel bir araştırma olan bu çalışmada, içme suyundaki nitrat düzeylerine spektrofotometrik olarak bakılmış olup içme suyu yoluyla yüksek nitrat alımının, yetişkinler, çocuklar ve bebekler üzerindeki olası sağlık risk değerlendirmesi, USEPA sağlık tehlike modeli (HQ) kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Su numunelerinin nitrat seviyeleri ortalaması 8.99±16.77 mg/L olarak hesaplanmıştır. Örnekleme noktalarının %6'sında Türk standartlarında (50 mg/L) ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (50 mg/L) standartlarında önerilen sınır değerlerden daha yüksek konsantrasyonlara sahip olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Nitratın, kronik günlük alımı (CDI), yetişkinler, çocuklar ve bebekler için sırasıyla 0.25±0.47, 0.67±1.25 ve 0.71±1.34 mg/kg/gün’dür. Tehlike katsayısı (HQ) değeri yetişkinler için 0.16±0.29, çocuklar için 0.42±0.78 ve bebekler için 0.44±0.83 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç: Tehlike katsayısı (HQ) değerleri, Elazığ ilinin %9.30’u yetişkin, %18.60’ı çocuk ve %20.93’ü bebek nüfusunun aşırı nitrat kullanımı nedeniyle kronik toksisite riski altında olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu nedenle, nitrat değerinin yüksek olduğu yerlerde su kaynaklarını korumak için gerekli tüm çevresel güvenlik önlemleri alınmalıdır.
Koronavirus Pandemisinin Düşündürdükleri
Authors: ERGÖR Gül
Published: August 2020

Bu yazı pandeminin erken döneminde, 16. Mart 2020'de kaleme alınmıştır. Bu yazıyı yazmayı düşünmeye başladığım günden bugüne, son 4 gün içinde bile dünyada ve ülkemizde o kadar yeni gelişme yaşandı ki, bir yandan yeni bilgileri değerlendirmek, yazılanları okumak, açıklamaları anlamlandırmak, insanın düşüncelerinin sürekli bir noktadan başka bir mecraya yol almasına neden oluyor. Anladım ki konuyu tümüyle kapsayan ve sistematik bir yazı hazırlamak olası değil. Aklımdaki mesajları ve saptamaları bir liste yaparak başladım ve sizinle paylaşıyorum. Yaşanan pandemi bizim çalışma yaşamımızda ilk değil, en yakını 2009-2010 sezonundaki H1N1 pandemisi idi. Ülkemizde, pandemik influenza virüsüne bağlı, konfirme toplam 13591 vaka ve 656 ölüm görülmüştür. Hastaneye yatış hızı %1.4; yoğun bakıma yatış hızı %13.6 ve yoğun bakım hastalarında mortalite hızı %19.6 olmuştur.
Daily Low Dose of Erythropoietin in Neuroinflammation; EPO Might Be Hazardous in COVID-19
Authors: Nejat Reza , Sadr Ahmad Shahir , Ebrahimi Alireza , Nabati Alireza , Eshaghi Elham
Published: August 2020

Neuroinflammation, defined as inflammatory reactions mediated by cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen species, and secondary messengers in the central nervous system (CNS) including the brain and spinal cord is the basis of many neurological disorders. Recently, erythropoietin (EPO) has been considered and studied as a modulator of neuroinflammation. On this article minireview of pathophysiology of neuroinflammation and the neuroprotective effects of EPO is discussed and a case of subacute huge subdural hematoma with double mydriasis operated urgently, treated with low daily dose (vs high dose once or twice a month in the literature) of EPO and recovered fully and discharged home with good consciousness is reported. In addition, the probable unfavorable outcome of erythropoietin administration in patients with neuroinflammation in COVID-19 is considered.
Impacts of Coronavirus on Farm and Pet Animals
Authors: Subedi Sachin , Koirala Sulove , Chai Lilong
Published: August 2020

Coronaviruses are positive sense RNA virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family, which are further subdivided into four genera: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta Coronaviruses. Infectious bronchitis virus and SARS-CoV belong to Beta Coronaviridae family. Infectious bronchitis virus causes respiratory and nephritic signs that includes tracheal rales, urate crystals, lethargy and nasal discharge. In livestock and pets, the Coronavirus infection causes mostly gastrointestinal lesions, which may be prevented through vaccination and biosecurity. Recent infections of SARS-CoV-2 (also known as COVID-19) on farm and pet animals were summarized in this study. Besides, zoo animals were reported with infections in some countries/regions. Although the damage of COVID-19 has not been reported as serious as highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) and African Swine Fever (ASF) on farm animals so far, the transmission mechanism of COVID-19 among group animals/farms and its long-term impacts are still not clear. The impact of Coronavirus on animals and potential prevention strategies, such as vaccine development and farm biosecurity measures, were discussed. Prior to the development of the effective vaccine, the biosecurity measures (e.g., conventional disinfection strategies and innovated technologies) may play roles in preventing potential spread of diseases/viruses.
Application of Jute Fiber in Soil Stabilization
Authors: Prasanna Shwetha , Mendes Nevil Macedon
Published: August 2020

Abstract: This paper is focusing on the stabilisation of soil using jute fibre as soil stabilizer. Stabilisation is the process of modifying the properties of a soil to improve its engineering performance and used it for a variety of engineering works. This study examines the potential of soil stabilization with jute fibre when it is cut into roughly 30mm lengths as stabilizer. The varying percentages like 0.5%, 1%, 1.5 and 2% of pieces of jute fibre were used and mixed it with soil. The laboratory tests such as California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test, modified compaction tests and direct shear strength tests have been conducted to observe the change in engineering properties of soil. On the basis of the experiments performed, it can be concluded that the stabilization of soil using 30mm pieces of jute as stabilizer improves the strength characteristics of the soil so that it becomes usable as one of the reinforcing material for the construction of roadways, parking areas, site development projects, airports and many other situations where sub-soils are not suitable for construction.
Analysis and Control of the Physicochemical Quality of Groundwater in the Chari Baguirmi Region in Chad
Authors: Beyaitan Bantin Allaramadji , Jun Xia , Wang Hongping
Published: August 2020

Water resources are threatened nowadays by pollution that comes from domestic, industrial and agricultural discharges without prior treatment. This pollution causes the degradation of water quality. Surface pollutants can seep through the soil into water tables. The objective of our work is to assess and control the physicochemical quality of the Chari Baguirmi groundwater, to protect human health. The quality of 83 boreholes was assessed, while performing analysis for 12 physicochemical parameters at the National Water Laboratory and at the Center for Quality Control of Foodstuffs in Chad. These parameters are: pH, EC, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl-, SO42-, NH4+ and NO3- , Fe2+ and HCO3-. Also, the results obtained were compared with WHO standards. The geochemical statistical approach has made it possible to characterize the hydro geochemical properties and to understand the major processes of the mineralization of groundwater resources in Chari Baguirmi region in Chad. Some of its waters are acidic and weakly mineralized, rich in Fe2+ and NH4+. The origin of the mineralization is due to the alteration of the host rocks and to the hydrolysis of silicate and ferromagnesian minerals as well as anthropogenic pollution. The ammonium concentrations in N’Djamena boreholes are higher than WHO standards, indicating the presence of pollution which may come from organic waste. These results constitute a preliminary step in understanding hydro geochemical functioning and a basis for monitoring the physicochemical quality of the water in the study area.
The Pink Tank in the Room: The Role of Religious Considerations in the discussion of Women’s Combat service – The Case of the Israel Defense Forces
Authors: Rosman Elisheva
Published: August 2020

Women serve in diverse roles in the 21st century militaries of the world. They are no longer banned exclusively from combat. The presence of women on the battlefield has raised religious arguments and considerations. What role do religious arguments play in the discussion regarding women’s military service? The current paper examines this question in the context of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF): a conscription-based military that conscripts both men and women, religious and secular, for both combat and non-combat postings. Using the case of the pilot program in the IDF attempting to integrate women in the Israeli tank corps, the paper argues that religious considerations serve the same purpose as functional considerations and can be amplified or lessened, as needed.
Opioid Stewardship in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Haskel Jonathan D. , Yousafzai Mehek , Bloom David A. , Hutzler Lorraine , Lemos Connor , Bosco Joseph A. , Campbell Kirk A.
Published: August 2020

» The abuse of prescription opioid pain medication has contributed to the U.S. opioid crisis.

» Opioid stewardship programs ensure that our patients receive the safest and most effective opioid regimens.

» Opioid stewardship programs involve a multidisciplinary team, including pharmacists, orthopaedic surgeons, nurses, pain management personnel, and anesthesiologists. All of these stakeholders work together to formulate the best evidence-based use of these medications.
Educational Game Exploring the Old Museum Using Fuzzy State Machine
Authors: Moch. Kholil  , Ismanto
Published: August 2020

Indonesia has a diverse culture from the form of creation, work, and intention, but over time Indonesian culture is eroded by the sophistication of the times. Using entertainment media such as games will be able to provide knowledge about culture through the game and can develop morale, using 3D interactive design of an object such as historical heritage will look close to real and with the Aritificial Intelligence (AI) used in the opponent will make the game that is played becomes fun or not monotonous. This study uses the Fuzzy State Machine (FuSM) method which aims to shape character behavior like human like behavour. The results that can be generated from FuSM are behavior that changes according to the conditions and rules that have been determined. This is where the AI ​​that is formed will not always be the same in the same situation, all will be different depending on the conditions and rules that exist.
Classification of Student Complaints with the Naive Bayes and Literature Methods
Authors: Haris Ahmad Gozali  , Mochamad Alfan Rosid  , Sumarno
Published: August 2020

E-Complaint Data is a collection of data which contains comments or complaints from students towards the University. Lots of comments - comments that occur in the university environment about the performance facilities of lecturers etc ... Text mining is also known as text data mining or knowledge search in a textual database is a semi-automatic process of extracting data patterns. The purpose of text mining is to get useful information from a collection of documents. In this study using the naïve Bayes method with TFIDF weighting features. The stages will be taken to determine its classification. First is taking data from the E-Complaint System then the data will go through the preprocessing stage using literary libraries, after going through the preprocessing stage the data will be divided into 2 namely training data and testing data. Then the training data will be carried out the TF-IDF weighting process up to the probability, if it has, the next is to process the testing data by determining priors. Next is the data testing stage between the testing data and the training data, the results of the testing data will come in the form of a predetermined category. The trial results show that the classification of complaints with the naïve Bayes algorithm and with the TF-IDF feature and literary libraries in the preprocessing process has an average accuracy that is quite high at 82%.
Handwritten Image Segmentation Carakan Madura Based Projection And Connected Component Labeling
Authors: Miftah Farid  , Joan Santoso  , Endang Setyati
Published: August 2020

At the time the Carakan Madura is currently found on sign of street names in the Madura region. It is also found in the historical sites and museum. However, many people do not understand about Carakan Madura because it is rarely used in daily life. There are many ways to keep Carakan Madura sustainable and not extinct, including preservation and maintenance of historical objects and also from education. The maintenance of these historical objects is usually carried out in museums and places where historical objects, including the Sumenep palace museum and Asta Tinggi. In the Sumenep palace museum, documents with Carakan Madura are still stored. In the Asta tinggi there are also stone carvings with the words Carakan Madura. There are other important things in the preservation of Carakan Madura, namely that Carakan Madura is included in the local content education curriculum for Madura language so that students can learn about Carakan Madura properly and well so students are not only knowing, but also understanding. For this reason, tools are needed so that students can more understand the Carakan Madura. The purpose of this research is to segment of the Carakan Madura handwritten image based on projection and connected component labeling. The results of this research can be concluded that the segmentation process in Carakan Madura handwriting has been successfully carried out in the form of the composing characters of Carakan Madura.
Peran Wirausaha Pertanian dalam Menghadapi Era Disrupsi Inovasi
Authors: Perwita Atika Dyah , Saptana NFN
Published: August 2020

Changes in strategic environment of economic globalization including disruptive innovation require agribusiness actors’ view adjustment. This paper discusses role of agri-entrepreneurs dealing with distrubictive innovation in agriculture. There are three elements of disrupsi innovation, i.e. (i) improvement levels acceptable to customer; (ii) improvement path when new agricultural commodities are introduced and refined through technological innovations; (iii) importance of different understanding between continuous and disruption innovations. Professional managers are encouraged to grow a new business expected to compete with the established ones. Agricultural business models for the upper-middle class consumers run by young entrepreneur produce new products with premium prices but the sale volume is limited. It is important to inspire young agri- entrepreneurs who accustomed to disrupted innovation to develop business based on their goals and market segments.

 

Abstrak

Perubahan lingkungan strategis berupa globalisasi ekonomi termasuk disrupsi inovasi memerlukan cara pandang baru pelaku usaha agribisnis. Tulisan ini membahas peran kewirausahaan agribisnis menghadapi era disrupsi inovasi. Ada tiga unsur disrupsi inovasi yang penting, yaitu: (i) tingkatan penyempurnaan yang dapat diterima oleh pelanggan; (2) jalur untuk penyempurnaan melalui terobosan inovasi; (iii) pemahaman yang berbeda antara inovasi berkelanjutan dan disrupsi inovasi. Para manajer profesional didorong untuk menumbuhkan bisnis baru yang dapat bersaing dengan bisnis yang telah mapan. Para wirausahawan muda menjalankan model bisnis pertanian dengan sasaran konsumen golongan ekonomi menengah-atas dengan introduksi komoditas kualitas prima dan harga premium, namun volume pasar terbatas. Implikasinya adalah perlu menyiapkan wirausaha pertanian muda yang memahami disrupsi inovasi untuk menghasilkan produk pertanian berdasarkan tujuan dan segmen pasarnya.
Inovasi Pertanian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Petani di Lahan Gambut
Authors: Rachmawati Rika Reviza , Tarigan Herlina
Published: August 2020

Indonesia is blessed with large potential peatland areas. Growing rice in peatland areas, for example, may be harmful to the environment if it is inappropriate farming practice. This paper aims to identify the best agricultural innovation and to propose strategic recommendation for peatland areas management. Farmers have applied agricultural innovations in growing rice in peatland areas with limited ecological damages carried out through water control management such as one way-water management, canal blocking, surjan or tukungan, and varieties adapted to peatland environment. The government has launched some measures to support peatland ecosystem but farmers’ support is inadequate. Implementing good agricultural technology through increased community participation in sustainable peatland management practices, strengthening farmers’ institution, information dissemination, and mutual community partnership.

 

Abstrak

Indonesia dikaruniai lahan gambut yang tersebar luas. Pemanfaatan lahan gambut untuk kegiatan pertanian padi banyak menimbulkan kontroversi apabila tidak dibudidayakan secara tepat. Tulisan ini membahas inovasi pertanian yang tepat dan merekomendasikan strategi pemberdayaan petani di kawasan lahan gambut. Inovasi pertanian untuk menanam padi di lahan gambut tanpa merusak lingkungan di antaranya pengaturan tata air yang mampu menekan terjadinya penurunan fungsi lingkungan, seperti tata air satu arah, tabat konservasi, surjan dan tukungan, sistem drainase dangkal, hingga inovasi pemberian kapur (ameliorasi), pemupukan N dan P serta  pemilihan varietas tanaman adaptif  baik tanaman pangan, hortikultura, dan  perkebunan.  Berbagai usaha dan kebijakan yang dilakukan pemerintah untuk menjaga ekosistem lahan gambut belum optimal hasilnya karena kurang mendapat dukungan masyarakat setempat. Diperlukan pemberdayaan petani di kawasan lahan gambut agar lebih peduli kelangsungan ekosistem. Penguatan kelembagaan petani berperan dalam pemecahan masalah usaha tani, penyebarluasan informasi, penerapan teknologi sesuai agroekosistem, serta membangun kerja sama dan kemitraan yang saling menguntungkan.
Interaction analysis on transmissibility of main pathogens of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Xi’an: a modelling study
Authors: Bai Yao , Liu Kun , Shao Zhongjun , Chen Zhijun
Published: August 2020

Objectives: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a new infectious disease that has attracted much attention at home and abroad, and it spreads widely. In this study, we aimed to explore the interaction between the main pathogens of HFMD through the model of transmission dynamics.Method: The database of HFMD in Xi'an City was established and the main pathogens (EV71, CoxA16, other enteroviruses) were monitored for a long time. In the study, we defined the ascending period of reported cases as Rasc, and the descending period as Rdes, and calculated the regeneration number of the two periods using susceptible–infectious–recovered model.Results: In Xi’an City, Rasc and Rdes of HFMD was 1.39 (95% CI: 1.31 – 1.48) and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.65 – 0.74), respectively. CoxA16 and other enteroviruses interacted with each other and decreased the value of Rasc. However, Rdes of CoxA16 was increased by other enteroviruses directionally. However, during the reported cases decreasing period, interactions only occurred between EV71 and other enteroviruses and between CoxA16 and other enteroviruses. These interactions all decreased Rasc but increased Rdes of affected pathogens.Conclusions: There is interaction among pathogens of HFMD in Xi'an City. The reproduction number of pathogens increased or decreased to a certain extent after interaction, and finally approached 1.
Proteomic and metabolic profile analysis of low-temperature storage responses in Ipomoea batata Lam. tuberous roots
Authors: Cui Peng , Li Yongxin , Cui Chenke , Huo Yanrong , Lu Guoquan , Yang Huqing
Published: August 2020

Background: Sweetpotato ( Ipomoea batatas L.) is one of the seven major food crops grown worldwide, with 70-75% of production in China. Cold stress often can cause protein expression pattern and substance contents variations for tuberous roots of sweetpotato during low-temperature storage. Recently, we developed proteometabolic profiles of the fresh sweetpotatoes (cv. Xinxiang) in an attempt to discern the cold stress-responsive mechanism of tuberous root crops during post-harvest storage. Results : For roots stored under 4℃ condition, the CI index, REC and MDA content in roots were significantly higher than them at control temperature (13 ℃). The activities of SOD, CAT, APX, O 2 .- producing rate, proline and especially soluble sugar contents were also significantly increased. Most of the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were implicated in pathways related to metabolic pathway (~22%), especially phenylpropanoids (~10%) and followed by starch and sucrose metabolism (~3%). Proteins including L-ascorbate peroxidase 3 and catalase were down-regulated during low temperature (4℃) storage. α-amylase, sucrose synthase and fructokinase were significantly up-regulated in starch and sucrose metabolism, while β-glucosidase, glucose-1-phosphate adenylyl-transferase and starch synthase were opposite. Furthermore, metabolome profiling revealed that glucosinolate biosynthesis, tropane, piperidine and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis as well as protein digestion and absorption played a leading role in metabolic pathways of sweetpotato roots. More importantly, leucine, tryptophan, tyrosine, isoleucine and valine were all significantly up-regulated in glucosinolate biosynthesis. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD017728. Conclusions: Our proteomic and metabolic profile analysis of sweetpotato roots stored at low temperature reveal that the antioxidant enzymes activities, proline and especially soluble sugar content were significantly increased. Most of the DEPs were implicated in phenylpropanoids and followed by starch and sucrose metabolism. The discrepancy between proteomic (L-ascorbate peroxidase 3 and catalase) and biochemical (APX/CAT enzyme activity) data may be explained by higher H 2 O 2 levels and increased glutathione and ascorbate redox states, which enhanced the CAT/APX enzyme activity indirectly. Glucosinolate biosynthesis played a leading role in metabolic pathways of sweetpotao roots. More importantly, leucine, tryptophan, tyrosine, isoleucine and valine were all significantly up-regulated in glucosinolate biosynthesis.
Preliminary study of the mechanism underlying how Jianshen Granules ameliorate renal failure in 5/6 nephrectomy model rats
Authors: Wu Yan , Zhang Xianxie , Kong Jian , Qiu Haiying , Lu Hongjie , Du Lina , Yuan Hailong
Published: August 2020

Background: Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a worldwide public health concern, and at present, there are limited treatment options available. Jianshen Granules, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, have been used clinically in the treatment of renal diseases for a large number of years in the Air Force Medical Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), and have shown great efficacy. In the present study, both the effectiveness and the mechanism of action of Jianshen Granules to treat CRF were investigated. Methods: A rat model of CRF was established by 5/6 nephrectomy. Rats were administered with distilled water, Uremic Clearance Granules (UCGs), or Jianshen Granules. During the administration period, the physiological state of the rats was observed, and the biochemical parameters of interest were measured. The pathology of the kidney tissues were assessed using hematoxylin and eosin (H.E.), and Masson’s staining. In addition, the expression level of transforming growth factor‑β1 (TGF‑β1) was detected. Human kidney cells (HKC cells) were used to investigate the effects of Jianshen Granules on apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), whereas cell viability was assessed by Cell Counting Kit‑8 (CCK‑8) assay. The level of apoptosis, the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2 + levels were measured using a flow cytometry. Results: The results revealed that Jianshen Granules could reduce the levels of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and the volume of urine in CRF rats. Renal histopathological examinations revealed that Jianshen Granules had an ameliorative effect on renal injury. In addition, Jianshen Granules led to a marked decrease in TGF‑β1 levels in CRF rats. Following treatment with Jianshen Granules, cell viability and the level of the MMP increased, whereas the levels of ROS and Ca2+ were reduced significantly. The increased level of TGF‑β1 was detected in the H2O2‑treated group, although this increase was attenuated by treatment with Jianshen Granules. Conclusion: Taken together, the results of the present study have shown that Jianshen Granules are able to ameliorate renal failure in CRF rats, and to inhibit apoptosis of HKC cells induced by H2O2 via downregulation of TGF‑β1.