bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid topographic growth of the Diancang Shan, southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau since 5.0–3.5 Ma
Authors: Zhang Chunxia , Wu Haibin , Zhao Xiuli , Deng Yunkai , Jia Yunxia , Zhang Wenchao , Li Shihu , Deng Chenglong
Published: June 2024

Abstract. As a crucial geological, climatic, and ecological boundary in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau (SEMTP), the topographic evolution of the Diancang Shan (DCS) remains unclear due to the lack of direct constraints on its paleoelevation. Here, we quantitatively reconstructed changes in annual mean temperature (ANNT) based on palynological data from the terrestrial Dasongping section (~7.6–1.8 Ma) in the Dali Basin, located at the northeastern margin of the DCS in Yunnan Province, China. Integrating the thermochronological data from the eastern and southern margins of DCS, we have clarified the paleotopographic evolution of DCS during this period: the paleoelevation of DCS likely exceeded 2000 meters above sea level (m a.s.l.) due to initial normal faulting at ~7.6 Ma, possibly comparable to the current average elevation (~2200 m a.s.l.) of surrounding Dali Basin region. Significant growth occurred between ~5.0 Ma and ~3.5 Ma, with at least ~1000 meters uplift gain in the northern segment and up to ~2000 meters in the southern segment of DCS, caused by the intensification of normal faulting activities. Finally, the northern segment of DCS reached the elevation of ~3500 m a.s.l. after ~1.8 Ma. Our findings suggest that the quantitively ANNT reconstruction, combined with thermochronological and sedimentary data, can significantly improve constraint on the paleotopographic evolution of DCS.
Representation of iron aerosol size distributions is critical in evaluating atmospheric soluble iron input to the ocean
Authors: Liu Mingxu , Matsui Hitoshi , Hamilton Douglas , Rathod Sagar , Lamb Kara , Mahowald Natalie
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol deposition acts as a major source of soluble (bioavailable) iron in open ocean regions where it limits phytoplankton growth and primary production. The aerosol size distribution of emitted iron particles, along with particle growth from mixing with other atmospheric components, is an important modulator of its long-range transport potential. There currently exists a large uncertainty in the particle size distribution of iron aerosol, and the role of aerosol size in shaping global soluble iron deposition is thus unclear. In this study, we couple a sophisticated microphysical, size-resolved aerosol model with an iron-speciated and -processing module to disentangle the impact of iron emission size distributions on soluble iron input to the ocean, with a focus on anthropogenic combustion and metal smelting sources. We first evaluate our model results against a global-scale flight measurement dataset for anthropogenic iron concentration and find that the different representations of iron size distribution at emission, as adopted in previous studies, introduces a variability in modeled iron concentrations over remote oceans of a factor of 10. Shifting the iron aerosol size distribution toward finer particle sizes (<1 μm) enables longer atmospheric lifetime (a doubling), promoting atmospheric processing that enhances the soluble iron deposition to ocean basins by up to 50 % on an annual basis. Importantly, the monthly enhancements reach 110 % and 80 % over the Southern Ocean and North Pacific Ocean, respectively. Compared with emission flux uncertainties, we find that iron emission size distribution plays an equally important role in regulating soluble iron deposition, especially to the remote oceans. Our findings provide implications for understanding the effects of atmospheric nutrients input on marine biogeochemistry, including but not limited to iron, phosphorus, and others.
Scale-dependency in modeling nivo-glacial hydrological systems: the case of the Arolla basin, Switzerland
Authors: Argentin Anne-Laure , Horton Pascal , Schaefli Bettina , Shokory Jamal , Pitscheider Felix , Repnik Leona , Gianini Mattia , Bizzi Simone , Lane Stuart , Comiti Francesco
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Hydrological modeling in alpine catchments poses unique challenges due to the complex interplay of meteorological, topographical, glaciological and streamflow generation factors. A significant issue arises from the limited availability of streamflow data due to the scarcity of high-elevation gauging stations. Consequently, there is a pressing need to assess whether streamflow models that are calibrated with moderate-elevation datasets can be effectively transferred to higher-elevation catchments, notwithstanding differences in the relative importance of different streamflow-generation processes. Here, we investigate the spatial transferability of hydrological model parameters within a semi-lumped modeling framework. We focus on evaluating the model transferability from the main catchment to nested and neighboring subcatchments in the Arolla valley, southwestern Swiss Alps. We use the Hydrobricks modeling framework to simulate streamflow patterns, implementing three variants of a temperature-index snow- and ice melt model (the classical degree-day, aspect-related, and Hock's temperature index). Through a comprehensive analysis of streamflow simulations, benchmark metrics consisting of bootstrapped discharge series, and model performance, we demonstrate that robust parameter transferability and accurate streamflow simulation are possible across diverse spatial scales. This finding is conditional upon the used melt model, with melt models using more spatial information leading to convergence of the model parameters until there is an onset of overparameterization.
LIMA (v2.0): A full two-moment cloud microphysical scheme for the mesoscale non-hydrostatic model Meso-NH v5-6
Authors: Taufour Marie , Pinty Jean-Pierre , Barthe Christelle , Vié Benoît , Wang Chien
Published: June 2024

Abstract. A full two-moment microphysics parameterisation of the LIMA scheme (hereafter named LIMA v2.0) has been developed and successfully implemented in the Meso-NH cloud-resolving model. The novelty of the scheme is a set of prognostic equations of the number concentration of each precipitating ice category (snow-aggregates, graupel and hail), in complement to the prediction of the mass mixing ratios. As a result, new microphysical conversion rates are introduced and explicitly computed using the size distributions of the hydrometeors. The new LIMA v2.0 scheme has been tested for an idealized deep convection case against the original LIMA scheme characterized by an empirical number concentration-mixing ratio relationship applied to the precipitating ice. Inclusion of number concentration equations for the snow-aggregates and graupel significantly alters the microphysical structure and dynamical evolution of the simulated supercell. When comparing to the results obtained with the previous version of LIMA, the new v2.0 of the scheme tends to increase the pristine ice mixing ratio, to decrease the other ice hydrometeors, and to enhance the feedbacks between raindrops and the ice phase. The new scheme is also more efficient to produce earlier raindrops at ground level and to reduce hail precipitation.
RIGHTS OF CONSUMERS OF EDUCATIONAL SERVICES IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN: PROBLEMS OF CONCEPTUALIZATION AND ISSUES OF MODERNIZATION OF LEGISLATION
Authors: Burashov Shokan Ualikhanovych , Burashov Shokan Ualikhanovych , Bekezhanov Dauren Nurzhanovich
Published: June 2024

The study is devoted to the conceptualization of the main concepts of the modern concept of consumerism: the definitions of "consumer", "educational services", "educational relations", "contract for the provision of educational services", "protection of consumer rights" are subjected to scientific analysis. The problem of protecting the rights of consumers in general and consumers of educational services in particular is being updated in the Republic of Kazakhstan, primarily due to unresolved problems of improving legislation and law enforcement practice. A comparative analysis of the practice of applying the laws of foreign countries showed that in the jurisdictions selected for analysis, the protection of consumer rights is carried out much more efficiently. In this regard, a regularity was revealed: in the Republic of Kazakhstan, consumer relations were concentrated on the application of administrative measures, while laws and law enforcement practice in developed countries highlighted the restoration of violated rights of consumers of goods and services as the main priority. To characterize educational legal relations on the basis of existing research, special connections are revealed between legal norms of various branches of law - administrative, civil, labor, financial and other branches of law; the conclusion is made about the complex nature of a relatively new branch - educational law. In the context of the conceptualization of the legal category "educational services", the types of legal relations in the field of education are identified and characterized: educational relations proper and relations to create conditions for the implementation of educational relations. The study also focuses on the ways of legal influence on educational relations - methods of legal regulation, as well as the need for effective control mechanisms of the state. A comprehensive analysis of the problem of conceptualizing the basic concepts of the institution of consumer protection, carried out in the global context of the evolution of consumerism, serves as the basis for proposals to clarify their essence in the process of further modernization of the modern legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan on consumer protection and law enforcement practice.
CONSTITUTIONAL LEGAL REGULATION OF THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Karatayeva Aigul Muratbayevna , Makhambetsaliyev Dauren Bakhtybayuly
Published: June 2024

The American executive (presidential) government has long been interested in social sciences and has attracted the attention of researchers and the media. The U.S. Constitution describes the points of the U.S. government and the powers and restrictions that are granted to them. Article II sets out the tasks of the executive branch. Despite the lack of attention to the executive branch, historian Jack Rakoff called it the «most creative act» of the creators of the presidential post. In article II of the Constitution, the creators offered the world something completely new: power is the head of the executive branch, which comes from the people and not from heredity or power. However, the Constitution says little that the President will be as strong as today. The developers assumed that the legislature would be much more influential. Madison wrote that «it is rare if the executive power represented by us has sufficient power to resist the legislative power». Subsequently, it can be shown that the ability of the government to manage the legal power entrusted to it effectively depends on its ability to maintain the trust of the American people. The executive branch of the Federal Government of the United States is a large-scale, complex, and multi-level organization consisting of thousands of human components from different walks of life and adhering to other personal value systems. The surprisingly short section of the Constitution (Article II), which establishes the powers and duties of the President, leaves a wide range of influences that presidents can flexibly interpret. (Not surprisingly, presidents do this in their favor). Often, the powers of the President are not spelled out in Article II but reflect the norms developed over two centuries of history.
THE STATE OF THE FUND OF TERMS AND CERTAIN WAYS TO IMPROVE IT (on the example of the sphere of military affairs)
Authors: Primashev Nurzada Makhanbetovich
Published: June 2024

The vocabulary of the Kazakh language, including legislation, is in constant development. The dynamics of changes in both the language and its basic unit – words since the 90s of the last century indicates a significant improvement in the language vocabulary. Among them, along with successfully entered into circulation, there are also one-time ones. For example, the breadth of use of such terms and concepts as «заңнама», «құқық», «сала», «зияткерлік құқық» is expanding from day to day. And such units as, «азаматтық заңнама қалыптары», «азаматтық заңдар», «заң құжаттары» etc. have long been out of legal and lexical circulation. Such examples are directly related to the object under study – the fund of terms. As a rule, all language units - terms in the Kazakh language for official use in circulation must be reviewed and approved by the Republican Terminological Commission under the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan. But even such a high-level legalization procedure cannot guarantee the use of such terms and words, since there are successful and not quite successful units among them. The refore, among the almost 400,000 terms that have been approved by the above commission, there are also erroneous ones. Despite the fact that they are recommended by specialists at the lower level of the hierarchy, studied at the appropriate levels of government agencies and in terms, approved by authorized structures, there are many short comings in the fund of terms. Study of language units and terms. analysis and identification of their errors requires special applied scientific research. The refore, such an article, made according to the results of such a study, will certainly have both legal and linguistic significance.
SOME PROPOSALS FOR ENTERING PUBLIC SERVICE IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Nurgazinov Bagdat Kabylkadyrovich , Ospanova Aidana Nurgalievna
Published: June 2024

Scientific work on the example of the Republic of Kazakhstan substantiates the relevance of personnel policy in the activity of the state as the main conductor of democratic reforms. An analysis of the selection of personnel for the public service in Western European countries revealed the characteristics of the global trend in the selection and placement of personnel in the public service of these countries. The authors studied the legislation and law enforcement practice of such developed foreign countries as: the UK, Germany, France, Spain in the field of selection of personnel for the civil service. It has been found that many developed democracies apply the principle of competitive selection. At the same time, it has been found that such countries have special public bodies for the selection of candidates for the public service. Moreover, the legal status of these bodies is relatively independent within the State. It has also been established that such measures serve as a strong guarantee of objectivity and impartiality in the work of a special State body for the selection of personnel. It is noted that since gaining independence, Kazakhstan has taken a course towards the formation of a socially oriented development model. The authors identify the following most significant elements in the public service as: the public service is associated with public administration and is determined by the nature of state power, the public service is carried out in public positions mainly in public bodies. The authors note that the quality of the state, the degree of its service to society largely depend on the public service, methods, forms of its legal regulation. The civil service is a means of forming a rule of law state, the construction of which is very important for Kazakhstan. It is indicated that it is the public service that ensures the interaction of the rule of law state with civil society and the individual citizen.
COMPLIANCE WITH THE PRINCIPLE OF CORRELATION OF THE VOLUME OF THE CLAIMANT'S CLAIMS AND ENFORCEMENT MEASURES
Authors: Torsykbaev Erbol Koshanuly
Published: June 2024

The execution of judicial acts is an integral part of the constitutional right to judicial protection. Issues of enforcement proceedings often become the objects of discussion, both from the point of view of law and its practical application, not only by lawyers, but also by society. The topic of enforcement proceedings under consideration will be disclosed taking into account current judicial practice, through the prism of the functional relationship of enforcement proceedings with civil legislation and procedural law. Questions regarding the execution of judicial acts are under the close attention of the judiciary. At present, the volume of judicial acts requiring execution is increasing, and therefore, within the framework of this article, the foundations of the principle of proportionality in enforcement proceedings are determined, as well as the goals of the state policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of execution of judicial acts. As part of this study, the current legal acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of enforcement proceedings were analyzed in order to identify gaps that need to be addressed, and similar problems were studied in some CIS countries. In addition, the study made an attempt to look at the development of the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of enforcement proceedings from a historical point of view, in order to most accurately identify issues in this area that require improvement. At the same time, the author studied the works of a number of scientists and presented the current opinions of the domestic and foreign scientific community regarding the issue of enforcement of judicial acts. In addition, the article considers official statistics prepared by state bodies for the execution of judicial acts, which clearly shows the gaps that exist in the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of enforcement proceedings.
LEGAL ISSUES OF REGULATION OF THE USE OF GENETIC INFORMATION BY THE NORMS OF THE CURRENT LEGISLATIO
Authors: Kurmanova Aigul Kuanyshevna
Published: June 2024

The scientific work is devoted to the issues of improving the national legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of legal regulation and protection of personal information of a person, namely in relation to the collection, use and protection of genetic information. The possibilities of modern information carriers and technical innovations require the introduction of provisions into national legislation based on international standards and regulations regarding the preservation of confidentiality and the preservation of restrictions on access to information of a personal nature. Kazakh legislation does not define the concept of "genetic information", at the same time, the concept of genomic information is established by its provisions as personal. Therefore, from a legislative point of view, it is necessary to establish the content and order of use of genetic information. Genetic information in Kazakhstan is entered into an electronic portal and is available to legal entities in the field of public health care, medical personnel, government agencies and employees, an unlimited number of persons who have the opportunity to register, record and other actions through the IIN. On the basis of which it is necessary to have a legally established procedure for implementing the provisions of the current legislation on obtaining the patient's consent to access his personal data in order to eliminate unauthorized access to information, implement various methods of illegal enrichment or other use of data for selfish purposes. The practice of foreign states determines the possibility of creating a non-personalized database for the use of genetic information for scientific purposes, as well as the creation of mechanisms for the digital protection of personal data. National legislation should regulate in detail both the objects of legal protection of personal data, and the mechanism of their use and protection.
Vagaries of Harmony: Global Major-Third Relations in the Instrumental Music of Brahms
Authors: Murphy Mark
Published: June 2024

Internal key relationships in Brahms’s music are an important yet often overlooked area in which he adapted classical forms to a new harmonic language. Using analytical resources developed by Richard Cohn and other so-called “neo-Riemannian” theorists, Brahms’s harmonic ingenuity can be better analyzed in the context of nineteenth-century chromaticism, rather than in a context that is entirely beholden to the principles of diatonic tonality. Nineteenth-century harmonic features that are relevant to Brahms’s music include modulation by major third, augmented triads as structural objects, and hexatonic cycles. This paper will incorporate these harmonic features into a discussion of three compositional trends. First, local modulations by major thirds are used as central contents of sonata-form theme groups. Second, Brahms employs a Schubertian treatment of second subjects in major-third related keys, resolving both the key and the key relations in the recapitulation, but his practice deviates slightly from Schubert’s. Third, he replaces typical dominant or subdominant key relationships with major thirds in the most global contexts. While Brahms was only one of many composers using major-third related harmonies in the nineteenth century, the interplay between diatonic and chromatic structures in his classical forms contribute several interesting innovations to Romantic compositional practice.
Męczeństwo Sługi Bożego Jánosa Esterházyego i tego dzisiejsza interpretacja
Authors: Molnár Imre
Published: June 2024

The text discusses the fate of János Esterházy, an aristocrat and activist of the Hungarian minority in Czechoslovakia. Arrested in 1945 and deported to the Soviet Union, he returned to Czechoslovakia in 1949. Pardoned from the death sentence, he spent the rest of his life in prison, where he died of exhaustion in 1957. The essential part of his life (?) is his deep inner spiritual transformation, which took place in the most difficult period of his life. It led to the search for the meaning of suffering in the cross of Christ. Its fruit was a steadfast attitude of forgiveness and reconciliation in the spirit of mercy, confirmed by numerous accounts.
Educação profissional(izante): desafios ao ensino de Filosofia e Sociologia em Minas Gerais
Authors: BARROS Ev Angela Batista R. de , Dos Santos Andreia
Published: June 2024

A curricularização de certas disciplinas escolares, na Educação Básica brasileira, como a Filosofia e a Sociologia, passa por dificuldades, em decorrência de mudanças no cenário político-econômico, marcado inevitavelmente por nuances ideológicas. Reintroduzidas no currículo em 2008, mas depreciadas pelo governo atual, essas disciplinas concorrem para a formação do estudante – como pessoa, profissional e cidadão –, independentemente do percurso escolar “escolhido” no Ensino Médio ou para a formação profissional universitária. Num contexto de reduzido interesse pela carreira do magistério, políticas públicas como o Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Incentivo à Docência (Pibid) e a Residência Pedagógica (RP) são importantes estratégias de aprimoramento da formação inicial e continuada de professores. Neste artigo, trataremos de resultados parciais de pesquisa interinstitucional (que congrega pesquisadores de quatro universidades mineiras) sobre egressos do Pibid, atualmente em exercício em diferentes redes (pública e privada), e suas reflexões sobre sua profissionalização, o impacto do Pibid como forma de minimizar o “choque de realidade”, ao imergirem na carreira e se darem contas das complexidades e contínuas demandas da docência. Concluímos que a profissionalização se dá num contexto de relações intersubjetivas em que significados são (re)construídos, negociados e a autonomia dos sujeitos (docentes e discentes) vai sendo consolidada a partir dos acertos e alegrias, mas também das frustrações e erros cometidos.
Sociologia no IFMT
Authors: De Fátima Cordeiro Carla , Gotlib Joyce , Silva Fernanda
Published: June 2024

Este texto busca traçar um panorama da disciplina de Sociologia no Instituto Federal de Mato Grosso, em meio a incertezas de sua permanência, ocasionadas pelas propostas de reformulação de Projetos Pedagógicos de Curso (PPC) do curso Técnico em Agropecuária integrado ao Ensino Médio. Traçamos um percurso histórico da disciplina no Ensino Básico brasileiro para apresentar as idas e vindas da Sociologia influenciadas por questões político-ideológicas e dialogamos com as legislações e suas prerrogativas para a gestão democrática na educação pública tendo como objetivo compreender as ações de retrocesso inspiradas em ideias neoliberais que estão sendo tomadas pelas instituições, principalmente, após a Reforma do Ensino Médio em 2017.
Concepções sobre diversidade sexual e de gênero na formação docente: um estudo na Universidade de Cádiz
Authors: Dinis Nilson Fernandes
Published: June 2024

Este artículo tuvo por objetivo presentar una investigación llevada a cabo en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Cádiz, en la ciudad de Cádiz, España, en el año de 2019. La investigación desarrollada  en esta unidad buscó analizar las principales concepciones sobre la diversidad sexual  y de género producidas por una muestra de 100 estudiantes del curso de formación de Grado en Educación Primaria que participaran voluntariamente en la investigación. Al ser analizados desde un punto de vista cuantitativo, los datos recopilados de los/as estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Cádiz son bastante positivos, lo que refleja en parte los esfuerzos del compromiso de los/as docentes de la universidad para abordar los estudios de género en sus disciplinas. En general, la investigación parece apuntar a una mayor conciencia de la escuela y la universidad como un espacio secular y de respeto a las diferencias. Al mismo tiempo, cuestiones controvertidas, como la adopción de niños/as por personas transexuales y transgénero, o la constitución de nuevos modelos familiares, todavía parecen desafiar los límites de aceptabilidad y tolerancia de los grupos investigados, aunque incluso aquí la proporción numérica de los que están a favor excede de los que están en contra. Esta resistencia podría ser un indicio de que tal vez la incorporación del discurso políticamente correcto sobre las diversidades sexuales y de género todavía no refleja un cambio total en los valores tradicionales de la concepción del núcleo familiar, posiblemente planteando un nuevo desafío para el futuro de los/as docentes en el área de la educación. Sin embargo, se necesitarían más estudios para comprobar esta interpretación.
Ethics Redefined: A Comparative Study on Women on Boards vs. Attributes of Corporate Governance in the Light of Firm Performance
Authors: Hussain Neha , Rasheed Burhan , Malik Zohair Farooq , Fraz Syed Taha , Munir Muhammad Umar
Published: June 2024

This study is related to Corporate Governance (CG) and is an important research stream. One of the most noteworthy dimensions of CG is Board Gender Diversity (BGD).  While there is a lot of study being done on BGD in developing and emerging market economies is still in the early stages of this field. This study attempts to answer the seminal question, of what matters most for Firm Performance (FP), CG attributes, or just BGD). So, this study investigates the relationship between BGD and CG attributes, on the FP. The existing literature lacks a comprehensive analysis of BGD and CG attributes on FP so this study fills this research gap. To meet the study's objective, data is collected for 50 non-financial firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange, the data period is 2017-2022 which leads to a total of 300 firm-year observations. For data analysis, the technique of panel regression is used in this study. This study reveals that CG attributes employ mixed influence on FP, while BGD negatively impacts the FP, emphasizing the significance of border governance mechanisms. This research shows the need for the firm to prioritize more ethical governance practices, across different cultural and economic contexts instead of just diluting the board with more female directors. Exploring the role of other variables could provide deeper insights into the factors deriving these relationships.
A Rare Case of Forgotten CBD Stent with Secondary Biliary Calculi
Authors: Kumar Jain Sudhir , Tripura Rathindra , Kshirsagar Mrunal Bharat
Published: June 2024

Endoscopic biliary stenting is a commonly performed procedure in interventional gastroenterology, typically utilizing plastic stents for short-term biliary drainage.
Stentolith refers to a forgotten stent post-ERCP that serves as a nidus for stone formation. Stents should ideally be removed within 6 weeks to avoid complications such as cholangitis, pancreatitis, biliary stricture, and biliary cirrhosis. Failure to attend to stents for extended periods can lead to a wide range of complications.
Our 33-year-old patient presented with a long-standing forgotten biliary stent with stentolith. Diagnostic confirmation was achieved through a combination of abdominal ultrasonography and MRCP.

Key words: Forgotten CBD Stent, Secondary Biliary Calculi, Stentolith.
Conceptual Study of Prakriti and Its Correlation with Smriti: An Ayurvedic Review
Authors: Kumar Kaswan Ramesh , Ali Mubarak , Sharma Dinesh Chandra
Published: June 2024

Ayurveda is a life science. The goal of Ayurveda is disease prevention and cure. Ayurveda's distinctive notion is called Prakriti. This study aims to explore the qualities of Prakriti and its relationship to the concept of Smriti, or memory, as it is described in the literature of Ayurveda. An individual's Prakriti, which endures from birth to death, is determined by the quantitative, qualitative, and Avayabhichari (unchangeable) Dosha preponderance of any one, two, or all three Doshas (Vata, Pitta, And Kapha). Prenatal and postnatal influences influence an individual's Prakriti. The most prominent fundamental concept in Ayurvedic medicine is called Prakriti. Prakriti evaluates a person's physiological, anatomical, and psychological characteristics and is crucial in the diagnosis of illness. Smriti is the memory of things that were directly seen, heard, or experienced in the past. One of the eight Aishwaryas, Smriti is said to be reachable only by focused mental attention. Memory is the ability of the mind to store and replicate knowledge. One of the brain's most intricate functions is memory. Understanding how the brain processes information from both contemporary medical science and ancient literature is the first step towards comprehending memory. There aren't many completed works on the conceptual aspects of Smriti. Smriti is a crucial mental faculty that plays a significant part in how knowledge is perceived. An attempt has been made in this article to establish a correlation between Prakriti and the physiological activity of Smriti as described in Ayurveda. The foundational materials for this study were gathered from the old Ayurvedic texts with commentary available, and textbooks were consulted to gain a deeper comprehension of the idea and compare it with current research.

Key words: Smriti, Memory, Mana, Buddhi, Atma, Prakriti.
Understanding Dengue Proteins: Key Players in Pathogenesis and Treatment Strategies
Authors: Qureshi Sameer , Nunia Vandana
Published: June 2024

The Dengue virus, part of the Flaviviridae family of arboviruses, can lead to a range of clinical outcomes, from no symptoms to severe conditions like dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Despite extensive investigation, finding an effective solution for the disease remains challenging. The virus has a single-stranded RNA genome encoding a polyprotein chain, which is cleaved by viral and cellular proteases to produce 10 distinct viral proteins. Understanding these proteins is crucial for managing dengue. They fall into two categories: structural proteins (C-protein, E-protein, and prM), involved in virus entry, assembly, and secretion within host cells, and non-structural proteins (NS1–5), essential for viral assembly, replication, and immune evasion, influencing the development and severity of dengue fever. Furthermore, this review examines the controversy surrounding Dengvaxia, the only commercially available dengue vaccine, and associated risks, while also exploring various approaches for developing a potent antidote for dengue.

Key words: Dengue Virus, Viral Proteins, Anti-Dengue Treatment, Structural and Non-Structural Protein, Dengvaxia, Protein Structure
Immediate Effect of Grade III / IV Maitland Mobilization Techniques Versus Scapular Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation and Glenohumeral Mobilization in Adhesive Capsulitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Shet Neha , Gracias Alisha
Published: June 2024

Objective: Aim of the study was to determine immediate effect on pain, ROM, scapular dyskinesia and functional disability in adhesive capsulitis (AC) either after grade III/IV Maitland mobilization or scapular PNF and GH mobilization.
Methods: A RCT of 60 participants with AC, aged 40-65 years, ranged 3-9 months. They were divided into viz. Experimental group which received grade III/IV Maitland mobilization and Active Control group which received scapular PNF and GH mobilization. Both groups received TENS and moist heat before treatment session. Data was measured using Visual Analog Scale, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire; GH ROM, Lateral Scapular Slide Test pre-treatment and immediately at 1 week treatment follow up.
Results: Both groups showed statistically significant difference in post intervention and post 1 week follow-up within the group except for internal and external rotation ROM in Active Control group. Post 1 week follow-up between groups analysis showed that there was statistically significant difference in internal rotation ROM (p<0.041) in Active Control group.
Conclusion: Scapular mobilization with Maitland GH mobilization and scapular PNF with Maitland GH mobilization are both effective in improving pain, functional disability, ROM and scapular dyskinesis in patients with AC but the effect size is small.

Key words: Adhesive capsulitis; Maitland mobilization; Moist heat; Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation; Transcutaneous electrical stimulation
Increased Emotional and Behavioral Problems in Children During Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Istiqomah Nurul
Published: June 2024

Pendahuluan. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengendalikan pandemi dapat menimbulkan dampak signifikan di sektor ekonomi, kegiatan sehari-hari, dan seluruh aspek kehidupan anak.  Dampak yang terjadi bisa jadi melekat seumur hidup. Risiko kesehatan akibat infeksi COVID-19 pada anak mungkin lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kelompok usia yang lebih tua, terdapat 80 juta anak di Indonesia (sekitar 30% dari seluruh populasi) yang berpotensi mengalami dampak serius akibat beragam dampak sekunder yang timbul baik dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka Panjang. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi masalah perilaku dan emosi anak selama Pandemi Covid-19. Metode. Penelitian menggunakan desain  cross sectional dan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling sebanyak 102 responden. Analisis data menggunakan chi-square atau fisher dilanjutkan dengan analisis multivariat menggunakan analisis multivariat regresi logistik. Hasil. Penelitian ini didapatkan kesehatan mental orangtua menjadi factor yang paling berhubungan dengan perilaku anak dengan nilai signifikan (p-value) 0,028 kurang dari 0,05. Diskusi. Anak-anak yang terpapar stressor dengan orang tua yang mengalami masalah kesehatan mental akan mempengaruhi kehidupan anak dimasa selanjutnya pada saat dewasa.
PENGARUH EDUKASI VIDEO ANIMASI TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN PENATALAKSANAAN BENCANA GEMPA BUMI PADA SISWA SD NEGERI 15 KOTA PAGAR ALAM
Authors: Apriyani Apriyani
Published: June 2024

Latar Belakang: Gempa bumi merupakan salah satu bencana alam yang paling mengancam kehidupan. Bencana gempa bumi dapat menyebabkan kehilangan nyawa dalam skala yang besar dan tidak dapat diprediksi. Beberapa penyebab terjadinya gempa bumi adalah adanya sumber panas bumi, meletusnya gunung berapi, dan pergerakan lempeng. Salah satu bentuk pendidikan kebencanaan dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa terhadap penatalaksanaan bencana gempa bumi yaitu dengan melakukan suatu penyuluhan tentang penatalaksanaan bencana tentang bencana gempa bumi dengan memberikan sebuah edukasi melalui media audiovisual.  Tujuan penelitian: Diketahui pengaruh nilai pre test dan post test edukasi video animasi terhadap pengetahuan penatalaksanaan bencana gempa bumi pada siswa SD Negeri 15 Kota Pagar Alam. Desain penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan Pra Eksperimen. Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah desain one group pre-test & post-test. Hasil penelitian: menunjukan nilai rata-rata pengetahuan sebelum diberikan intervensi edukasi melalui video animasi penatalaksanaan bencana gempa bumi nilai median 11,00. Dan sesudah diberikan intervensi nilai median 13,00 jadi hasil intervensi sebelum dan sesudah meningkat sebanyak 2.00 dengan nilai p-value .001 lebih kecil dari alpha (α) 0.05. Kesimpulan: ada pengaruh nilai pengetahuan setelah dibandingkan dengan sebelum dilakukan intervensi edukasi video animasi terhadap pengetahuan anak tentang penatalaksanaan bencana gempa bumi di  SDN 15 Kota Pagar Alam tahun 2023.
 
Kata Kunci           : Video animasi,penatalaksanaan,Gempa Bumi
FAKTOR RISIKO OPERASI BERULANG PASCA ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: Sintia Dewi Luh Putu Surya , Adhitya I Putu Gde Surya , Septian Utama Anak Agung Gede Eka , Puspa Negara Anak Agung Gede Angga
Published: June 2024

Pendahuluan : ACLR merupakan tindakan operatif untuk memulihkan stabilitas lutut dan mengurangi risiko cedera lutut berikutnya sehingga dapat kembali berolahraga dan melakukan aktifitas sehari-hari. Meskipun prosedur ini telah berhasil dalam mengembalikan stabilitas lutut, namun tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa beberapa pasien mengalami risiko cedera lutut berulang pasca operasi. Diketahui saat ini, yang menyebabkan cedera lutut berulang setelah operasi yaitu, tipe graft, waktu operasi, BMI, jenis kelamin, usia, dan cedera penyerta. Saat ini, informasi terkait tingkat dan faktor risiko terhadap cedera lutut berulang setelah ACLR masih terbatas. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Suntuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko yang berkaitan dengan kemungkinan cedera lutut berulang pasca ACLR. Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kohort prospektif yang terdiri dari pasien yang menjalani rekonstruksi ACL di Komunitas ACL Indomesia (n=116). Kriteria inklusi mencakup partisipan yang tergabung whatsapp group Komunitas ACL Indonesia, berusia antara 17 hingga 60 tahun, mengalami ACLR unilateral dan bilateral, serta bersedia menjadi subjek penelitian ini. Kriteria eksklusi mencakup adanya fraktur, infeksi, tidak mengisi kuisioner dan MRI dengan lengkap. Dalam penelitian ini, data sekunder diperoleh melalui survei online baik dengan mencentang opsi yang tersedia maupun dengan mengetikkan informasi tambahan sesuai dengan kondisi pasien. Kemudian divalidasi melalui wawancara telepon untuk mengonfirmasi kebenaran cedera lutut berulang pasien dan waktu kejadiannya. Follow-up dilakukan selama periode dua tahun setelah prosedur ACLR untuk memantau kemungkinan cedera lutut berulang. Hasil : Hasil analisis univariat dan multivariat menggunakan model Cox Proportional Hazard menunjukkan bahwa beberapa variabel karakteristik pasien memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan risiko cedera lutut berulang setelah ACLR. Beberapa variabel menunjukkan peningkatan risiko sebesar 1,98-3,86 kali, sementara satu variabel menunjukkan penurunan risiko sebesar 0,96 kali dibandingkan dengan kelompok referensi. Analisis multivariat juga menemukan bahwa peserta dengan cedera ACL bersamaan dengan cedera meniskus dan ligamen lain memiliki risiko cedera lutut berulang sebesar 3.73 kali.  Diskusi : Individu yang mengalami cedera ACL bersamaan dengan cedera pada meniskus dan ligamen lain memiliki kecenderungan yang lebih tinggi untuk mengalami cedera lutut kembali setelah menjalani operasi rekonstruksi ACL dibandingkan dengan individu yang hanya mengalami cedera ACL dengan keterlibatan meniskus saja.
The Relationship Between Knee Function After ACL Reconstruction And Physical Activity Level Of The ACL Community Indonesia
Authors: Bondeng Vinzenza Villia Ardike , Adhitya I Putu Gde Surya
Published: June 2024

Pendahuluan: Terdapat beberapa defisit yang terjadi pada lutut setelah rekonstruksi ACL yang dapat mempengaruhi level aktivitas fisik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan fungsi lutut pasca ACLR dengan tingkat aktivitas fisik. Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional menggunakan pendekatan cross-sectional. Total sampel 105 orang dari Komunitas ACL Indonesia dengan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian untuk mengukur fungsi lutut menggunakan Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) dan Lysholm Knee Scale, aktivitas fisik menggunakan Tegner activity scale (TAS). Hasil:Terdapat hubungan antara fungsi lutut pasca ACLR terhadap aktivitas fisik dengan hasil uji Spearman’s rho diperoleh nilai p=0,034 (p<0,05) dan nilai r=0.207 yang bernilai positif. Nilai positif bermakna fungsi lutut meningkat atau membaik maka aktivitas fisik cenderung meningkat. Diskusi: Gangguan pada fungsi lutut pasca ACLR secara negatif mempengaruhi tingkat aktivitas fisik, maka dari perhatian khusus terhadap rehabilitasi fungsi lutut menjadi penting dalam upaya mengoptimalkan aktivitas fisik sehingga memperoleh hasil yang memuaskan.
 
Kata Kunci: Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Fungsi Lutut, Aktivitas Fisik, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Lysholm Knee Scale dan Tegner activity scale.
Self-Care Management of Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Siti Fatimah Az-Zahra Hospital, South Sumatra Province
Authors: Wahyudi Joko Tri
Published: June 2024

Background: Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine and metabolic disease that involves failure to use or produce insulin. Disease in DM occurs due to high levels of glucose in the blood that exceed normal limits. In type II DM sufferers, it is necessary to monitor and understand lifestyle behavior in self-care management, which consists of adjusting diet, physical exercise, foot care, medication, and glucose control. Self-care management (Self Care) is an individual's ability to manage self-care. The goal of self-care management is to prevent the complications of Diabetes Mellitus. Research Objectives: To find out how self-care management is in type II DM patients. Methods: This research method uses a descriptive analytic method with a total of 88 respondents. Results: The average age of the respondents was 49 years old, female (60.2%), and last education was SMA/SMK (47.7%). Occupation of housewives (46.6%), dietary compliance of DM patients is low (56.8%), moderate physical activity (44.3%), foot care compliance (55.7%), glucose control (50%), taking moderate medication (55.7%). Conclusion: The level of adherence to the diet of patients with low diabetes was 50 patients (56.8%) and high was 38 patients (43.2%), Physical activity patients with moderate diabeere 39 patients (44.3%), severe were 29 patients (33, 0%), and mild in 20 patients (22.7%), adherence to foot care in patients with adherence to 49 patients (55.7%), and non-adherence of 39 patients (44.3%), glucose control in patients with regular diabetes ( 50.0%) and irregular 44 patients (50.0%), adherence to taking medication and moderate DM as many as 49 patients (55.7%), low as many as 20 patients (22.7%) and high as many as 19 patients (21, 6%). DM patients are expected to improve self-care management behavior to improve health status and prevent further complications.
KARAKTERISASI SCOBY (SYMBIOTIC CULTURE OF BACTERIA AND YEAST) DAN DAYA TERIMA KEFIR AIR KELAPA NANAS
Authors: Novianty Novianty
Published: June 2024

Pendahuluan: Scoby (Symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast) adalah kelompok mikroorganisme yang ditemukan pada minumah probiotik. Keberadaan mikroorganisme ini pada minuman menambah nilai zat gizi yang bermanfaat bagi tubuh manusia. Scoby ditemukan pada minuman probiotik jenis kefir. Kefir yang beredar hanya mengandung susu saja belum difortifikasi sari buah, padahal dengan penambahan sari buah dapat meningkatkan zat gizi, aroma, rasa, dan tekstur. Air kelapa dan nanas dapat dijadikan bahan tambahan dalam pembuatan kefir. Belum banyak penelitian yang melaporkan kefir air kelapa dan nanas Tujuan: untuk mendapatkan formulasi yang tepat, mengetahui karakterisasi scoby, dan daya terima kefir kefir air kelapa nanas. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen. dengan 3 perlakuan sebanyak 10 kali ulangan. Data yang didapat meliputi karakteristik scoby  kefir, jumlah BAL, dan  daya terima kefir air kelapa nanas berdasarkan uji organoleptik. Hasil: Hasil menunjukkan karakterisasi scoby  kefir air kelapa nanas adalah bakteri asam laktat (BAL) dan khamir. Jumlah total BAL yang terbaik pada P3 dengan jumlah 281 CFU/mL, dan uji organoleptik berdasarkan parameter aroma, tekstur, warna terdapat pada P2 dan rasa pada P3. Kesimpulan: Formulasi kefir air kelapa nanas yang terbaik terdapat pada P2, kefir air kelapa nanas terdiri dari BAL dan scoby. Daya terima panelis berdasarkan warna terdapat pada P2 dan rasa pada P3.
Assessment of Seasonal Distribution and Characterisation of Geomagnetic Storm Occurrence during Solar Cycles 21–24
Authors: Audu Moses , Okeke Francisca , Emmanuel Tikyaa , Terkaa Jam , Onoja Peter , Thankgod Inyope
Published: June 2024

Geomagnetic storms (GMSs) are an important space weather phenomenon that poses serious threats to the advancement of space technology, power transmission lines, oil pipelines, and other infrastructure. This study investigates seasonal patterns of GMSs due to recent reports on the prominence of large storms (Dst ? -50 nT) during equinox conditions. Hourly Dst index data provided by the World Data Center, Kyoto, Japan, for solar cycles 21–24 (1976–2019) were employed. Storm occurrences in each solar cycle considered were identified using the minimum Dst value. The identified storms were categorized and analyzed statistically. Results revealed that storm occurrence varied from month to month, season to season, and solar cycle to solar cycle based on storm categories. Furthermore, the observed seasonal distribution of GMS occurrence decreases in the following order: autumn, spring, winter, and summer. This indicates that equinox conditions are more likely to have GMSs, consistent with the Russell-McPherron effect, compared to solstice conditions. The findings suggest that the distribution and characterization of storm occurrence vary seasonally due to solar activity. The insights on storm occurrence, distribution, and characterization may serve as a guide to space scientists to avert the impacts of GMSs while exploring space.