bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cellular Automata Model for Work Zone Traffic
Authors: Meng Qiang , Weng Jinxian
Published: February 2011

This paper proposes a cellular automata (CA) model incorporating work zone configuration to model work zone traffic. The randomization probability parameter of the proposed CA model is able to characterize driver acceleration–deceleration behavior. The randomization probability should be a function of traffic flow and work zone configuration that comprises the activity length and transition length; however, past studies have assigned a hypothetical constant value for the randomization probability. This paper calibrates the randomization probability from field data, which is determined by minimizing the square error between simulated travel time and observed travel time by using a trial-and-error method. A polynomial regression method is employed to formulate the randomization probability functions in and outside the work zone. A case study was performed to test the proposed CA model dependent on work zone configuration. Comparison of field data and the proposed CA model for travel time and traffic delay shows very close agreement. Statistical comparison of the simulated results from the proposed CA model and PARAMICS indicates that the proposed CA model performs well in modeling work zone traffic.
Modeling Vehicular Merging Behavior under Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions
Authors: Kanagaraj Venkatesan , Srinivasan Karthik K. , Sivanandan R.
Published: February 2011

In developing countries such as India, the traffic on roads is highly heterogeneous in nature, with vehicles of widely varying static and dynamic characteristics. This type of traffic is characterized by lack of lane discipline and free movement over the entire width of the roadway (laneless movement) based on availability of space. In such a regime of traffic flow, the phenomenon of merging of vehicles at junctions of two roads is complex and warrants further study. Merging maneuvers at T-junctions under congested traffic conditions were studied microscopically through video recordings. On the basis of these observations, models for normal and forced merging have been developed. Video data of merging maneuvers were employed to calibrate and validate the models. Such models can be used to simulate highly congested traffic flow in a realistic manner under heterogeneous traffic conditions. They can also give insight on devising better traffic control measures at such junctions.
Emergency Response Technology and Integrated Active Transportation System
Authors: Flanigan Marie , Blatt Alan , Russell Mary , Batta Rajan , Lee Kunik
Published: February 2011

Current and near-term technologies that support real-time emergency response to car crashes are described. A vision for emergency response and rescue as it might appear in 20 years under a fully integrated active transportation system (IATS) is provided. First, a baseline on which to build such a vision is established. Response to a single-casualty or multicasualty motor vehicle crash was selected as a specific use case. A systems approach was used to divide the emergency response process into individual functional steps. Key issues and desired capabilities are identified for each step. Technologies that fall into three categories—state of the practice, state of the art, and future art—are identified. The intent is to determine where research efforts might best be focused to make a generational leap in emergency response capabilities. A vision is described for the future of emergency response and rescue, which could be realized by 2030 as part of the planned IATS. Work is continuing to assess functional needs and potential future technologies (including cyberphysical systems), after which specific areas will be targeted for focused research and development.
Intelligent Transportation System User Service Selection and Prioritization
Authors: Khademi Navid , Mohaymany Afshin Shariat , Shahi Jalil
Published: February 2011

Thirty-three intelligent transportation system user services are analyzed for 38 criteria through a hybrid model of the disjunctive satisfying method (DSM), a noncompensatory multicriteria decision-making technique, and a compensatory analytic network process (ANP). The DSM reduces the problem size by excluding inappropriate user services; subsequently, the ANP establishes overall relative preferences for selected user services by considering various inner dependencies, interdependencies, and mutual effects among the elements. The electronic payment, travel demand management, and traffic control user services are proposed as the best alternatives for the problem in a developing country.
Advanced Traveler Information System for Guiding Route Choice to Ocean City, Maryland
Authors: Yu Jie , Park Sung Yoon , Chang Gang-Len
Published: February 2011

A real-time advanced traveler information system for traffic heading to Ocean City, Maryland, is presented. It can provide dynamic route choice guidance for en route travelers, offer web-based historical data for pretrip tourists, and perform real-time traffic monitoring as well as emergency evacuation for responsible agencies with its 40 detectors. The proposed system is designed to contend with most critical issues associated with real-time operations, including automated detection of incidents, reliable estimation of missing data, and continuous updates of historical databases. Implementation results demonstrate that the travel time information displayed by the proposed system has been well received by drivers and is viewed as the primary resource for choice of routes to Ocean City. The evolution of traffic volumes on alternative routes during congested periods reveals that the travel time information from variable message signs not only provides guidance to drivers but also leads to better use of roadway capacity and results in more throughputs for the same period of operation.
Microscopic Traffic Simulation of Vehicle-to-Vehicle Hazard Alerts on Freeway
Authors: Yeo Hwasoo , Shladover Steven E. , Krishnan Hariharan , Skabardonis Alexander
Published: February 2011

Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) cooperative systems that alert drivers to roadway hazards are increasingly being studied to improve freeway safety and should be implemented by automakers in the near future. However, the impact of these systems on traffic operations has not been assessed. A methodology is described for modeling driver response to lane-blocking freeway incidents with and without the use of V2V hazard alerts. Driver response to assumed incidents and V2V safety messages is modeled microscopically with the NGSIM oversaturated freeway flow algorithm. The simulation results show how the V2V alerts could influence freeway traffic and provide initial estimates of their benefits.
Use of Field Observations in Developing Collision-Avoidance System for Arterial Red Light Running
Authors: Zhang Liping , Wang Lanjun , Zhou Kun , Zhang Wei-Bin , Misener James A.
Published: February 2011

Red light running (RLR) behaviors at arterial intersections are different from RLR behaviors at high-speed intersections. The majority of RLRs at arterial intersections are not caused by drivers trapped in the dilemma zone; at high-speed intersections, drivers' becoming caught in the dilemma zone is an important contributory factor to RLR. Consequently, collision-avoidance systems (CAS) based on detection of actual RLR trajectories after yellow light onset have been conceived. To form a set of parameters and to detect or predict RLR and optimize the performance of CAS, data collection and analysis are needed. Research was done at a well-designed arterial intersection in California and data were collected with multiple discrete point sensors. The work focused on empirical observation of vehicle trajectories to arrive at statistical descriptions that could be used in RLR CAS. Empirical data showed that for more than 90% of RLRs, drivers were not trapped in the dilemma zone at yellow light onset. Instead, they could have stopped safely. Further headway analysis of the empirical data showed that most RLR vehicles belonged to a platoon, and that the average headways of RLR vehicles were 5% to 10% less than the headways of vehicles traveling in the yellow light phase. This suggests that those RLR drivers either were trying to beat the yellow light or were following a leading vehicle, and so drivers were inattentive to the traffic signal. An intervehicle analysis found that following a leading vehicle contributes significantly to stopping probabilities. It is concluded that parameters such as approaching speed, acceleration or deceleration rate, and intervehicle characteristics should be included in an effective RLR CAS.
Energy and Emission Benefit Comparison of Stationary and In-Vehicle Advanced Driving Alert Systems
Authors: Wu Guoyuan , Boriboonsomsin Kanok , Zhang Wei-Bin , Li Meng , Barth Matthew
Published: February 2011

Automobiles powered by fossil fuels are one of the major contributors to both criteria pollutant and greenhouse gas—in particular, carbon dioxide (CO2)—emissions. Previous studies revealed that unnecessary acceleration and hard braking in response to sudden changes of traffic signals may cause a significant amount of wasted energy and increased emissions. Altering the behavior of drivers approaching signalized intersections potentially could reduce energy consumption and emissions from motor vehicles without increasing travel time or delay. Two types of advanced driving alert systems (ADAS) are proposed: stationary ADAS [based on roadside infrastructure, such as changeable message signs (CMSs)] and in-vehicle ADAS [driven by advanced communication technology, such as vehicle-infrastructure integration (VII)]. These systems can help drivers avoid hard braking at intersections by providing real-time information on traffic signal status. A state-of-the-art modal emissions model is used to evaluate and compare the effects of these two types of ADAS on the reduction of vehicle fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. A numerical analysis of a single vehicle shows that ADAS can help reduce vehicle fuel consumption and CO2 emissions by up to 40% in the tested hypothetical conditions. The benefits of these systems are further investigated in a traffic simulation environment with various levels of congestion and posted speed limits. The simulation results reveal that both CMS-based ADAS and VII-driven ADAS can provide fuel and CO2 savings; VII ADAS offer greater savings in most cases.
Simulation Model for Studying Impact of Vehicle-to-Vehicle Wireless Communications on Traffic Network Operations
Authors: Mei Bing , Hu Hyejung , Rouphail Nagui M. , Lee Jae-Joon
Published: February 2011

This paper describes the design and implementation of a simulation code supplement to a commercial microsimulation system that makes efficient use of traffic information data that can be disseminated via wireless vehicular ad hoc networks. The transmitted information elicits timely responses to driver behavior for speed or path changes in a realistic way. A simulation model developed by following the prescribed design was used in a case study application to simulate vehicle dynamic route diversion and variable speed limits following a severe incident in a small network. Simulation results indicate that the model results are sensitive both to different market penetration levels of vehicles equipped with wireless communications capabilities and to various control strategies, which therefore gives credibility to the utility of the system design.
Vehicle Routing Problem for Emissions Minimization
Authors: Figliozzi Miguel
Published: February 2011

Environmental, social, and political pressures to limit the effects associated with greenhouse gas emissions are mounting. Little research has been done on reducing emissions as the primary objective of a routing problem despite the growth in use and impact of commercial vehicles. In the capacitated vehicle routing problem (VRP) with time windows, it is traditionally assumed that carriers minimize the number of vehicles as a primary objective and distance traveled as a secondary objective without violating time windows, route durations, or capacity constraints. New research focuses on a different problem: the minimization of emissions and fuel consumption as the primary or secondary objective. This creates the emissions VRP (EVRP). A formulation and solution approaches for the EVRP are presented. Decision variables and properties are stated and discussed. Results obtained with a proposed EVRP solution approach for different levels of congestion are compared and analyzed.
Bilevel Programming Model for Minimum-Cost Travel Time Data Collection with Time Windows
Authors: Yu Haifeng , Chien Steven I-Jy , Ting Ching-Jung
Published: February 2011

The minimum-cost travel time data-collection problem is analogous to a vehicle routing problem with pickup and delivery, subject to the constraints of time windows, because the problem involves making decisions regarding two aspects: vehicle routing and vehicle scheduling. The proposed bilevel programming model minimizes the total travel cost of collecting travel time data with probe vehicles. The upper-level model is designed to determine fleet size and feasible schedules, whereas the lower-level model attempts to route vehicles at the least cost. The model in the lower level consists of a total cost objective function and a set of practical constraints, such as number of probe vehicles, number of study roadway segments, and project duration. Travel time data collection on a highway network containing several corridors in New Jersey was applied to demonstrate the applicability and performance of the developed model.
Choosing the Right Express Services for Bus Corridor with Capacity Restrictions
Authors: Larrain Homero , Giesen Ricardo , Muñoz Juan Carlos
Published: February 2011

In public transit systems with high demand levels, the use of express bus services that serve only a subset of stops along certain routes appears to be a promising alternative given the benefits that they offer to both users and operators. In practice, express services in systems such as Transmilenio (Bogota, Colombia), Transantiago (Santiago, Chile), and Metro Rapid (Los Angeles, California) have proved highly appealing. To determine what types of express services would be attractive on a bus corridor given the characteristics of its demand, four parameters are defined for identifying corridor demand profiles: the base load profile shape, the scale of demand, the demand imbalance between the outbound and inbound directions, and the average trip length. A series of indicators was also defined to measure the potential benefits of express services in the scenarios studied. The results of the experimental simulations show that a crucial parameter for determining the potential benefits of express services is the average trip length along the corridor. The incorporation of express services is particularly attractive in corridors with demand profiles that increase or decrease monotonically. In addition, the results suggest that in other cases, the complexity of the demand shape could allow for more complex express service patterns.
L'Unionum definitiones (CPG 7697, 18) attribué à Maxime le Confesseur : étude et édition du traité
Authors: Van Deun Peter
Published: February 2011

In the present article devoted to the Unionum definitiones (CPG 7697, 18) attributed to Maximus the Confessor, the author examines the content (title and authenticity of the work) and its transmission, both direct and indirect. The latter, which is extremely important, attests of the great diffusion of the text. The article ends with the critical edition and the translation of the opuscule.
The Greek Patristic Testimonia Presented at the Council of Florence (1439) in Support of the Filioque Reconsidered
Authors: Alexakis Alexander
Published: February 2011

REB 58 2000 France p. 149-165

Alexander Alexakis, The Greek Patristic Testimonia Presented at the Council of Florence (1439) in Support of the Filioque Reconsidered. — The Union of the Churches effected at the Council of Ferrara-Florence was the result of discussions and negociations, based largely on the writings of early fathers. This paper argues that the Greek patristic testimonia that were presented by the Latins in support of the Filioque had been collected by the Greek followers of Maximos the Confessor back in the mid-7th century AD in the times of Pope Theodore (643-649 AD).
Retour à Péra par Ta Pikridiou et Diplokionion
Authors: Failler Albert
Published: February 2011

Recounts of the Second (1147) and Fourth (1204) Crusades mention these two little-known places in the European suburbs of Constantinople. The first, Ta Pikridiou, was situated on the northern bank of the Golden Horn, the second, Diplokionion, was on the European bank of the Bosphorus. A reexamination of their location and designation is desirable, and provides an explanation of the word 'peraia' in Byzantine sources.
Une Kantakouzènè, impératrice de Trébizonde : Théodôra ou Héléna ?
Authors: Ganchou Thierry
Published: February 2011

The unedited genealogy of the family of the Kantakouzenoi by Angelo Massarelli describes Theodoros Palaiologos Kantakouzenos as the father of Theodora Kantakouzena Komnena, despoina of Trebizond. This piece of information contradicts the traditional stance and has lead to denying the existence of another despoina of Trebizond, Helena Kantakouzena Komnena, considered as the second spouse of the basileus David II on the sole testimony of Spandounes, which is in fact fallacious.
Petite note lexicographique sur la monère et l'hénère
Authors: Failler Albert
Published: February 2011

REB 58 2000 France p. 269-271

Albert Failler, Petite note lexicographique sur la monère et l'hénère. — Le mot ένήρης (bateau à un rang de rames) est rarement utilisé par les auteurs anciens et suppléé le plus souvent par son synonyme μονήρης. Les quelques occurrences attestées ont été le plus souvent affectées, aussi bien dans les manuscrits que dans les éditions, d'un esprit doux, alors que l'esprit rude s'impose. C'est le cas pour les deux emplois du terme dans le Livre VII de l'Histoire de Georges Pachymérès.
A XIth century byzantine seal from Heraclea near Bitola
Authors: Mandić Ljiljana , Mihajlovski Robert
Published: February 2011

Le sceau du duc d'Occident, Michel Sarônitès, trouvé aux environs de Bitola, permet de souligner l'importance de cette place au XIe siècle.
Un nouveau manuscrit grec illustré du Physiologus : au sujet d'une récente étude sur ce texte
Authors: Lazaris Stavros
Published: February 2011

REB 58 2000 France p. 277-281

St. Lazaris, Un nouveau manuscrit grec illustré du Physiologus : au sujet d'une étude récente sur ce texte. — L'auteur signale la présence d'un manuscrit du Physiologus conservé au Centre Ivan Dujčev à Sofia et qui n'a pas été pris en considération dans une récente étude de ce texte.
La mission du moine Sophonias en Italie et le mariage de Michel IX Palaiologos
Authors: Failler Albert
Published: February 2011

REB 60 2002 France p. 151-166

Albert Failler, La mission du moine Sophonias en Italie et le mariage de Michel IX Palaiologos. — Georges Pachymérès présente une relation brève et obscure de la mission accomplie par le moine Sophonias en Italie pour négocier le mariage de Michel IX Palaiologos avec Catherine de Courtenay. Les pourparlers n'aboutirent pas, et le jeune empereur fut bientôt marié à la sœur du roi d'Arménie, Rita, qui devint l'impératrice Marie. Le séjour de Sophonias dans le royaume de Naples est attesté également par un grand nombre d'actes de la chancellerie angevine, qui contiennent des informations plus précises sur la date, les circonstances et le but de l'ambassade. Ces documents invitent à placer le mariage de Michel IX avec la princesse arménienne en janvier 1296 plutôt qu'en janvier 1295, sans apporter toutefois une preuve décisive en ce sens.
Le pyrgos de Kabalaréos, alias pyrgos du roi Milutin
Authors: Fotić Aleksandar
Published: February 2011

An Athonite pyrgos situatued half-way on the road between Chilandar monastery and its quai is attributed by tradition and on the basis of the supposed date of construction to King Milutin of Serbia. By analysis of one well known but little used source as well as another recently published the author concludes that there is sufficient evidence to identify the pyrgos as that of Kabalareos, apparently the name of the founder or restorer of the monument.
Sur un passage douteux du Commentaire de Georges Pachymérès au Parménide de Platon
Authors: Failler Albert
Published: February 2011

In an obscure passage in George Pachymeres's Commentary on the Parmenides of Plato one must read όντώσεως (ή οντωσις, being) instead of the improbable όντάσεως of the manuscript.
Application of the diastereoselective photodeconjugation of α,β-unsaturated esters to the synthesis of gymnastatin H
Authors: Raffier Ludovic , Piva Olivier
Published: February 2011

The asymmetric synthesis of gymnastatin H has been achieved by using the photoisomerisation of a conjugated ester to its β,γ-unsaturated isomer through the protonation of a in situ generated dienol as key step. Thanks to diacetone D-glucose used as a chiral alkoxy group, the protonation occurred well onto one of the two diastereotopic faces with very high yields and selectivities. Moreover, by this way the configuration of the C-6 centre of the target molecule was controlled.
Fibromyalgia Criteria and Severity Scales for Clinical and Epidemiological Studies: A Modification of the ACR Preliminary Diagnostic Criteria for Fibromyalgia
Authors: WOLFE FREDERICK , CLAUW DANIEL J. , FITZCHARLES MARY-ANN , GOLDENBERG DON L. , HÄUSER WINFRIED , KATZ ROBERT S. , MEASE PHILIP , RUSSELL ANTHONY S. , RUSSELL I. JON , WINFIELD JOHN B.
Published: February 2011

Objective.

To develop a fibromyalgia (FM) survey questionnaire for epidemiologic and clinical studies using a modification of the 2010 American College of Rheumatology Preliminary Diagnostic Criteria for Fibromyalgia (ACR 2010). We also created a new FM symptom scale to further characterize FM severity.

Methods.

The ACR 2010 consists of 2 scales, the Widespread Pain Index (WPI) and the Symptom Severity (SS) scale. We modified these ACR 2010 criteria by eliminating the physician’s estimate of the extent of somatic symptoms and substituting the sum of 3 specific self-reported symptoms. We also created a 0–31 FM Symptom scale (FS) by adding the WPI to the modified SS scale. We administered the questionnaire to 729 patients previously diagnosed with FM, 845 with osteoarthritis (OA) or with other noninflammatory rheumatic conditions, 439 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and 5210 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Results.

The modified ACR 2010 criteria were satisfied by 60% with a prior diagnosis of FM, 21.1% with RA, 16.8% with OA, and 36.7% with SLE. The criteria properly identified diagnostic groups based on FM severity variables. An FS score ≥ 13 best separated criteria+ and criteria− patients, classifying 93.0% correctly, with a sensitivity of 96.6% and a specificity of 91.8% in the study population.

Conclusion.

A modification to the ACR 2010 criteria will allow their use in epidemiologic and clinical studies without the requirement for an examiner. The criteria are simple to use and administer, but they are not to be used for self-diagnosis. The FS may have wide utility beyond the bounds of FM, including substitution for widespread pain in epidemiological studies.
Work Disability in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis in Norway
Authors: BAKLAND GUNNSTEIN , GRAN JAN T. , BECKER-MEROK ANDREA , NORDVÅG BJØRN Y. , NOSSENT JOHANNES C.
Published: February 2011

Objective.

To report the prevalence of work disability (WD) in a cross-sectional study of a large population of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and the associated demographic and clinical characteristics, including extraspinal features, that contribute to WD.

Methods.

Patients with AS registered in a hospital database were invited to participate. A total of 360 patients took part. The survey period was 1998 to 2002. During an extended outpatient visit, data were collected according to a predefined data form. Demographic data were collected and a physical examination performed.

Results.

After 22.6 years of disease duration, the cumulative prevalence of WD reached 43.6%, and an additional 8.9% of patients were nonparticipants in the labor force. Significant odds ratios indicating an independent association with WD were found for history of polyarthritis (9.6), coronary heart disease (CHD; 7.8), female sex (3.4), having children with spondyloarthritis (2.9), changing profession (2.8), lower level of education (1.4), mean score of the Bath AS Functional Index (1.2), increasing age (1.05), and increasing finger-to-floor distance (1.02).

Conclusion.

The longterm prevalence of WD among Norwegian patients with AS is considerably higher than in reports from other countries. Earlier polyarthritis and CHD were the strongest independent risk factors for WD.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Interaction Between Allopurinol and Probenecid in Patients with Gout
Authors: STOCKER SOPHIE L. , GRAHAM GARRY G. , McLACHLAN ANDREW J. , WILLIAMS KENNETH M. , DAY RICHARD O.
Published: February 2011

Objective.

To investigate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between probenecid and oxypurinol (the active metabolite of allopurinol) in patients with gout.

Methods.

This was an open-label observational clinical study. Blood and urine samples were collected to measure oxypurinol and urate concentrations. We examined the effects of adding probenecid to allopurinol therapy upon plasma concentrations and renal clearances of urate and oxypurinol.

Results.

Twenty patients taking allopurinol 100–400 mg daily completed the study. Maximum coadministered doses of probenecid were 250 mg/day (n = 1), 500 mg/day (n = 19), 1000 mg/day (n = 7), 1500 mg/day (n = 3), and 2000 mg/day (n = 1). All doses except the 250 mg daily dose were divided and dosing was twice daily. Estimated creatinine clearances ranged from 28 to 113 ml/min. Addition of probenecid 500 mg/day to allopurinol therapy decreased plasma urate concentrations by 25%, from mean 0.37 mmol/l (95% CI 0.33–0.41) to mean 0.28 mmol/l (95% CI 0.24–0.32) (p < 0.001); and increased renal urate clearance by 62%, from mean 6.0 ml/min (95% CI 4.5–7.5) to mean 9.6 ml/min (95% CI 6.9–12.3) (p < 0.001). Average steady-state plasma oxypurinol concentrations decreased by 26%, from mean 11.1 mg/l (95% CI 5.0–17.3) to mean 8.2 mg/l (95% CI 4.0–12.4) (p < 0.001); and renal oxypurinol clearance increased by 24%, from mean 12.7 ml/min (95% CI 9.6–15.8) to mean 16.1 ml/min (95% CI 12.0–20.2) (p < 0.05). The additional hypouricemic effect of probenecid 500 mg/day appeared to be lower in patients with renal impairment.

Conclusion.

Coadministration of allopurinol with probenecid had a significantly greater hypouricemic effect than allopurinol alone despite an associated reduction of plasma oxypurinol concentrations. Australian Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN012606000276550.
Las armas en los poblados ibéricos: teoría, método y resultados
Authors: Quesada Sanz Fernando
Published: February 2011

Conocemos comparativamente pocas armas procedentes de poblados en la Edad del Hierro en la Península Ibérica en la Edad del Hierro. Se plantean los problemas metodológicos que plantea el estudio en estos contextos en comparación con las necrópolis, de donde proceden la mayoría de las armas conocidas. A través del análisis de la distribución de armas en una serie representativa de yacimientos ibéricos se aprecia que no hay una concentración en casas aristocráticas o recintos especiales habilitados como arsenales. Tanto en grandes yacimientos como en recintos pequeños la dispersión habitual apunta en la Segunda Edad del Hierro hacia un acceso generalizado de las armas por parte de los habitantes libres propietarios, situación que coincide con la que plantean las fuentes literarias y se deduce de los ajuares funerarios.

[fr] Nous connaissons comparativement peu d’armes provenant de sites d’habitat de l’âge du Fer dans la péninsule Ibérique. Ce travail met en évidence les diffi cultés méthodologiques que présente l’étude de ce mobilier dans de tels contextes, par comparaison avec les nécropoles dont proviennent la majorité des armes répertoriées. À partir de l’analyse de la distribution spatiale des armes dans une série représentative de sites ibères, on constate que celles-ci ne se concentrent pas dans l’habitat aristocratique ou dans des édifi ces spécialisés tels que des arsenaux. Aussi bien dans les grands que dans les petits sites fortifi és, la documentation suggère plutôt un accès généralisé des hommes libres et des propriétaires aux armes. Cette situation correspond tout à fait à celle que l’on déduit des sources littéraires gréco-romaines comme des pratiques funéraires.
Las armaduras romanas en Hispania: protectores corporales para la infantería y la caballería
Authors: Aurrecoechea Joaquín
Published: February 2011

El propósito del presente trabajo es el estudio de las armaduras romanas halladas en Hispania. Tras la revisión de las fuentes arqueológicas, se propone una visión de síntesis sobre estas piezas en la península ibérica, donde se documentan todas las variantes de armaduras conocidas. Los yacimientos hispanos han proporcionado la cronología fi nal más avanzada de todo el Imperio, respecto a las armaduras segmentadas y los pectorales repujados.

[fr] Ce travail étudie les armures romaines trouvées en Hispania. Après une révision des sources archéologiques disponibles, il propose un bilan de ce type de pièces pour l’ensemble de la péninsule Ibérique, où toutes les catégories d’armures sont attestées. Les sites hispaniques fournissent notamment les attestations les plus anciennes pour la lorica segmentata et pour les pectoraux décorés au repoussé.
Las armas en la cerámica ibérica aragonesa
Authors: Maestro Zaldívar Elena
Published: February 2011

La cerámica decorada con escenas proveniente de yacimientos aragoneses es un elemento de prestigio para la sociedad ibérica y constituye una fuente inapreciable para el conocimiento de su armamento, usos y costumbres de carácter cotidiano, o relacionados con creencias religiosas y tradiciones míticas como los ritos fundacionales de estas poblaciones del Valle Medio del Ebro durante la conquista romana de la Península Ibérica.

[fr] La céramique ibérique décorée de scènes fi gurées retrouvée sur les sites d’Aragon se présente comme un bien de prestige aux yeux de la société ibérique. Elle constitue une source précieuse pour la connaissance de l’armement, des usages et des pratiques quotidiens, mais des croyances religieuses et des traditions mythiques tels que les rites de fondation des établissements de la moyenne vallée de l’Èbre pendant la conquête romaine de la Péninsule Ibérique.
Graphical Programming Tools for Electrical Engineering Higher Education
Authors: Lunca Eduard , Ursache Silviu , Neacsu Oana
Published: February 2011

As the engineering education and computer technologies for industry merge, the opportunities for teaching and learning will also expand. In such context, a large number of academic courses that teach electrical engineering concepts have incorporated the graphical programming as educational tool for student use. The current paper discuses some of the most popular graphical programming packages, identifies two alternative solutions and shows how the virtual instrumentation approach pioneered by LabVIEW may enhance the electrical engineering curricula.
Specially Designed Sound-Boxes Used by Students to Perform School-Lab Sensorâ??Based Experiments, to Understand Sound Phenomena
Authors: Vavougios Dionisios , Tsihouridis Charilaos , Ioannidis George , Parskeuopoulos Stefanos
Published: February 2011

The research presented herein investigates and records studentsâ?? perceptions relating to sound phenomena and their improvement during a specialised laboratory practice utilizing ICT and a simple experimental apparatus, especially designed for teaching. This school-lab apparatus and its operation are also described herein. A number of 71 first and second grade Vocational-school students, aged 16 to 20, participated in the research. These were divided into groups of 4-5 students, each of which worked for 6 hours in order to complete all activities assigned. Data collection was carried out through personal interviews as well as questionnaires which were distributed before and after the instructive intervention. The results shows that studentsâ?? active involvement with the simple teaching apparatus, through which the effects of sound waves are visible, helps them comprehend sound phenomena. It also altered considerably their initial misconceptions about sound propagation. The results are presented diagrammatically herein, while some important observations are made, relating to the teaching and learning of scientific concepts concerning sound.
Snorkelers' In-Water Observations Can Alter Salmonid Behavior
Authors: Brignon William R. , Davis M. Brian , Olson Douglas E. , Schaller Howard A. , Schreck Carl B.
Published: February 2011

Direct underwater observation techniques (e.g., snorkel surveys) are widely used in fisheries science. Data collected from these surveys are used to estimate species abundance, detect presence and absence, and construct statistical models that predict microhabitat use and nonuse. To produce an unbiased estimate or model, fish should ideally behave as if there were no observer present. We conducted a study using underwater video to test whether snorkeling can elicit a change in fish behavior. Four behavioral metrics were measured: upstream movement, downstream movement, total movement, and number of fish in the field-of-view. Significant differences were detected in upstream, downstream, and total movements as a function of the in-water observer. These results suggest that an in-water observer can disturb fish, resulting in altered behavior, which in turn may bias study results. We suggest researchers use caution in making inferences to an entire population when data-collection methods have potential to bias fish behavior.
SCCS - A Supply Chian Collaboration Service
Authors: Lin Hui Ping , Zhu Xu Wei , Li Wei Ping , Liu Li , Xie Zhao Hui
Published: February 2011

This paper presents a supply chain collaboration service (SCCS) in SaaS paradigm to support inter-organization interaction between business partners. SaaS is very attractive to enterprises because it offers low cost and flexible on-demand IT solution. The paper presents an extensible service oriented architecture that can integrate business application as a service into SCCS. In order to improve the supply chain performance, it provides flexible support for information sharing between business partners. The SCCS prototype has been developed.
A Novel Network Traffic Anomaly Detection Based on Multi-Scale Fusion
Authors: Cheng Guo Zhen , Cheng Dong Nian , Lei He
Published: February 2011

Detecting network traffic anomaly is very important for network security. But it has high false alarm rate, low detect rate and that can’t perform real-time detection in the backbone very well due to its nonlinearity, nonstationarity and self-similarity. Therefore we propose a novel detection method—EMD-DS, and prove that it can reduce mean error rate of anomaly detection efficiently after EMD. On the KDD CUP 1999 intrusion detection evaluation data set, this detector detects 85.1% attacks at low false alarm rate which is better than some other systems.
Semantic Search for XML Documents
Authors: Song Ling , Lv Qian Gi , Tang Xiao Bing
Published: February 2011

With the continuous growth in the XML data, the ability to search in massive collections of XML data becomes important. In this paper, we present efficient techniques that are able to employ bloom-filtering to decrease computation complexity that is used to filter irrelevant XML paths. After filtering, a kind of semantic measure is used to compute similarity between the query and the relevant XML documents, which is used to rank retrieval results. Experiment results show that the retrieval prototype system based on bloom-filtering runs faster than ever under the almost same average precise.
Ship Rolling Prediction Based on Gray RBF Neural Network
Authors: Liu Li Sang , Peng Xia Fu , Zhou Jie Hua
Published: February 2011

To enhance the ship’s seaworthiness and seakeeping capacity, a new prediction algorithm based on Gray RBF neural network is presented to forecast roll motion accurately. The second-order gray model GM(2,1) and RBF network are introduced firstly, then using AGO (accumulated generating operation) to weaken randomness and volatility of raw data, which would affect the accuracy of RBF network. On the other hand, the algorithm flow of GMRBF(2,1) is given. Further more, GMRBF(2,1) is applied in a sample of ship roll sequence and effectively improves large prediction error of second-order gray model. The simulation results prove that the new model is more accurate and stabilizer than traditional models.
Simulated Construction of Spiral Case in a Hydraulic Plant Based on Plastic Damage
Authors: Xu Xin Yong , Wang Jian Wei , Tian Jing
Published: February 2011

Based on the plastic damage model for concrete, this paper realizes the simulated construction for the preloading filling spiral case (PSC) in a hydraulic plant. The contact property and state are analyzed with the nonlinear FEM. The distribution of damage and stress with construction are given. The development mechanism of initial gap is studied. The effect of plastic damage on asymmetry displacement is researched. It is concluded that the influence is remarkable.
Simulation Analysis of Automotive Exhaust Muffler Performance Based on GT-Power
Authors: Zhu Ming Yi , Zhao Xiang Yang , Liu Qing
Published: February 2011

Using GT-Power software to establish the simulation model of the working process of an engine coupled with the muffler, insertion loss and pressure loss are obtained, simulation results are consistent with the experimental results, which verifies the correctness of simulation model.Therefore, it is important to shorten the vehicle development cycle and reduce cost.
Simulation of Hydraulic Semi-Active Suspension System Based on the Adaptive Fuzzy Control
Authors: Jia Zhi Xuan , Zhang Hui Gang , Li Jie
Published: February 2011

According to vehicle suspension structure, a 2-DOF (degrees of freedom) semi-active hydraulic suspension model for 1/4 vehicle is built. Fuzzy control as a result of simple modeling, with high precision control and non-linear adaptive advantages of the vehicle active suspension control strategy, has been a wider application. In this paper, the body’s speed and acceleration were selected for the fuzzy controller inputs, damper output, to realize the semi-active suspension control. Taking some type of vehicle as the simulation object, this paper uses Matlab/Simulink for computer simulation in the same road conditions. And the performance parameters of improving vehicle vertical vibration are compared to the passive suspension. The results show that the semi-active suspension system strategy by fuzzy control can obviously improve the comfortable and safe ride.
Stability Analysis of Switched Positive Systems with Delays
Authors: Ding Xiu Yong , Shu Lan , Xiang Chang Cheng , Liu Xiu
Published: February 2011

This brief investigates the stability problem of discrete-time switched positive systems with delays, and establishes some necessary and sufﬁcient conditions for the existence of a switched copositive Lyapunov function(SCLF) for such systems. It turns out that the size of the delays does not affect the stability of these systems. In other words, system stability is completely determined by the system matrices.
Static and Dynamic Performance Analysis and Improvement of Pillar in Vertical Drilling Machine
Authors: Huang Wei , Qiu Jun , Zhu Xiao Hui
Published: February 2011

Based on finite element theory, pillar structure of the model parameters was established, and analyzed its static and dynamic performance. At the same time, the structural deformation of pillar load and deformation characteristics were analyzed. The choosing shape method was used to get the improvements in pillar. The Improved models were done modal analysis, and got their natural frequencies.
Static Output Feedback Stabilization with H∞ Performance for Discrete-Time Piecewise Affine Systems: An LMI Approach
Authors: Wang Juan , Zhang Tao
Published: February 2011

A static output feedback (SOF) control schemes are proposed. The basic idea of it is to construct piecewise quadratic Lyapunov function and introduce a dissipation inequality to guarantee the system energy dissipation. It is shown that the controller analysis or the synthesis problem can be casted as convex optimization problem, and the controller can be obtained by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities. The designed controllers not only guarantee the stability of the closed-loop systems, but also obtain the disturbance attenuation ability.
Stock Price’s Prediction with Decision Tree
Authors: Li Tun , Liu Gong Shen
Published: February 2011

Establishment of one process and some ameliorations of decision tree’s algorithm in order to predict the second day’s price change. The experiment builds a J48 tree, which is comfortable with continuous attributes, based on 10 years historical stock prices. After careful selection and preprocessing of financial data, high prediction accuracy is obtained. An introduction of dynamic-constructed tree reduces tree’s cost, and increases prediction’s quality on accuracy as well as average error distance.
Structural Damage Detection Based on Strain Energy and Evidence Theory
Authors: Guo Hui Yong , Li Zheng Liang
Published: February 2011

In order to solve the damage detection problem, a damage detection method based on strain energy and evidence theory is presented in this paper. First, an evidence theory method is proposed to identify structural damage locations. Then, structural modal strain energy is utilized to quantify structural damage extents. In general, structural strain energy dissipation should be equal to the change of modal strain energy, according to this theory, a new energy equation is deduced, and structural damage extent can be obtained through the solution of the equation. The simulation results show that the method can perfectly identify damage locations and extents. Therefore, the proposed method is effective for the structural damage identification.
Study of Photoelectric Color Sorter
Authors: Hua Yi Su
Published: February 2011

The development situation and typical structure of color sorter were described in this paper. Based on the analysis of color sorter’s characteristic, the author proposed that color-sorting technique could use the color information of detecting materiel, not only limited to the optics characteristic of the materiel.
A Study of Evolution Mechanism and Monitoring Method on Aircraft Sudden Failure
Authors: Wang Zhong Sheng
Published: February 2011

The aircraft sudden failures seriously affect the flight safety of aircraft, and the revelation of the evolution mechanism of aircraft sudden failures is of far reaching importance to the realization of evolution law of sudden failure, and the improvement of the safety and reliability of aircraft. By utilizing the dissipative structure theory, this paper carries out the analysis and research on the characteristics, causes and conditions of aircraft sudden failures from the perspective of mass and energy conversion. Moreover, it also targets on the engine surge, proposes the anti-surge monitoring program by taking the surge margin as monitoring parameters, and verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of proposed method through simulation and actualization.
Study on Error Compensation of Human Motion Analysis System
Authors: Su Hai Long , Zhang Da Wei
Published: February 2011

Human motion capture system based on a new kind of error compensation technology was developed and used this to assess human motion. On the basis of three-dimensional reconstruction and some essential factors influencing on the measurement accuracy, the measurement error theory and the modified and improved human motion analysis system was established. The experimental data indicate that the measurement precision of the modified and improved system is more precise than the original system on human motion measurement and capturing.
Study on Hybrid Heuristic Algorithm for Multi-Vehicle and Multi-Cargo Loading Problem
Authors: Wang Xiao Bo , Sun Jin Ying , Ren Chun Yu , Li Hai Chen
Published: February 2011

This paper studies multi-vehicle and multi-cargo loading problem under the limited loading capacity. Hybrid heuristic algorithm is used to get the optimization solution. Firstly, adopt hybrid coding so as to make the problem more succinctly. On the basis of cubage-weight balance algorithm, construct initial solution to improve the feasibility. Adopt the improved non-uniform mutation so as to enhance local search ability of chromosomes. Secondly, stock elite by tabu searching algorithm to improve the searching efficiency of algorithm. Finally, the example can be shown that the algorithm is effective and can provide for large-scale ideas to solve practical problems.
Study on Rare Earth Catalysis in the Boriding Process to Titanium Alloy
Authors: Li Feng Hua , Yi Xiao Hong , Zhang Jing Lei , Fan Zhan Guo
Published: February 2011

Solid powder boriding experiment was carried out on TC4 titanium alloy surface with method of RE(rare earth)-boriding at the temperature of over 1000°C. By means of XRD, SEM and EDS, phase composition, microstructure and morphology of TC4 titanium alloy after RE-boriding were investigated. The effect of rare earth on phase composition was discussed. Results of the experiment showed that the diffusion layer was composed of top-layer TiB2 and sub-layer TiB whiskers with the highest thickness being 25μm. The XRD results revealed TiB-TiB2 biphasic B-Ti compounds layer formed on the surface of TC4 after RE-boriding. The high content of B and Ce in the surface layer showed rare earth increased the absorption and concentration of B atoms.
Study on the Relationship between the Restitution Coefficient and the Adhesion Strength of the Coating
Authors: Zhou Yu Feng
Published: February 2011

By using shore hardness test method, the effects of adhesion strength, coating thickness, basic material, and hammer on the restitution coefficient are studied experimentally and theoretically. The results show that the restitution coefficient increases with the curvature radius of the hammer indenter. In the same condition, the larger the restitution coefficient, the stronger the adhesion strength, while the smaller the restitution coefficient, and the weaker the adhesion strength.
Temperature Prediction of Friction Stir Welding Based on Bayesian Neural Network
Authors: Chen Shu Jin , Zhang Zhong Ke
Published: February 2011

This paper established a neural network based on Bayesian regularization, which was used for temperature prediction of feature points in friction stir welding metal. Sample data included rotation speed, welding speed, distance, depth, time and temperature of feature points. The representative sample data was obtained through the orthogonal experiments. Neural network was improved by Bayesian algorithm, and the constraint term representing complexity of network was introduced into the objective function. Then generalization ability of neural networks has been enhanced. Prediction accuracy, training time and stability of network are better than in the traditional neural network. Test proved that this smaller network model operates faster, and it can accurately predict the temperature of feature points of friction stir welding.