bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Leu-Ile-Lys tripeptide in the correction of experimental urate nephrolithiasis
Authors: Zharikov A Yu , Mazko O N , Makarova O G , Bobrov I P , Kalnitsky A S , Zharikova G V , Yakushev N N , Gossen I E
Published: August 2021

Aim. To study the effect of the Leu-Ile-Lys (leucine-isoleucine-lysine) tripeptide on the course of experimental urate nephrolithiasis.

Methods. The experiment was carried out on 23 male Wistar rats weighing 200220 grams that were divided into a control (n=8, modeling of urate nephrolithiasis) and an experimental (n=15, modeling of urate nephrolithiasis + administration of Leu-Ile-Lys tripeptide) groups. The tripeptide was administered intragastrically through a tube at a dose of 11.5 mg/kg. Daily urine was collected on a weekly basis, and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase was determined. After three weeks of the experiment, the animals were euthanized, and kidneys were removed to determine the parameters of free radical oxidation [concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TARS), total pro-oxidant and total antioxidant activity, the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)] and conduct a morphological study in which the number and area of calculi and the condition of the renal tissues were determined. Statistical data processing was performed using the Statistica 12.0 software. We used the MannWhitney U test, the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The results are presented as median with the 25th and 75th percentiles. The differences were considered significant at p 0.05.

Results. In the kidneys of the rats of the experimental group, the number of deposits decreased twofold, as compared with the control group (1.60.2 and 3.20.4, respectively, p=0.001). Lactate dehydrogenase activity in the urine of rats increased from 0.10 (0.06; 0.21) units/mg of creatinine per day initially to 0.75 (0.44; 1.07) units/mg creatinine per day on day 21 (p=0.012) in the control group, and from 0.10 (0.06; 0.12) units/mg creatinine per day to 0.45 (0.34; 0.71) units/mg creatinine per day on 21st day (p=0.003) in the experimental group. The concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the experimental group was 1.2 times lower than that of the control group: 4.2 (3.9; 4.6) mol and 5.1 (4.7; 5.5) mol, respectively (p 0.001). In addition, in the kidneys of the rats of the experimental group, the total antioxidant activity was 1.3 times higher than in control: 70.4 (65.4; 74.1)% and 53.8 (33.3; 62.2)% respectively (p 0.001). Superoxide dismutase activity in the experimental group was 1.5 times higher than in the control group: 12.4 (11.0; 13.2)% against 8.1 (6.4; 13.1)% (p=0.016). Catalase activity in the experimental group was 1.2 times higher than in the control group: 31.1 (26.4; 36.1)% against 25.1 (20.3; 27.1)% (p=0.005).

Conclusion. The Leu-Ile-Lys tripeptide has a litholytic effect, manifested in a statistically significant decrease in the activity of oxidative stress markers (p 0,001) and a twofold decrease in the average amount of uric acid kidney stones (p 0,001).
Comparative characteristics of various fibrous materials in in vitro experiments
Authors: Timerbulatova G A , Dunaev P D , Dimiev A M , Gabidinova G F , Khaertdinov N N , Fakhrullin R F , Boichuk S V , Fatkhutdinova L M
Published: August 2021

Aim. Comparative assessment of the effect of fibrous materials on cell cultures RAW264.7 and BEAS-2B.
Methods. The effects of various fibrous materials single-walled carbon nanotubes of two types (SWCNT-1 and SWCNT-2), differing in morphological characteristics, and chrysotile asbestos as a positive control was assessed on two cell lines macrophages RAW 264.7 and human bronchial epithelium BEAS-2B cells. The studied materials concentration range for experiments on cells was selected taking into account the SWCNT content in the air of the working area and the subsequent modeling of SWCNT deposition in the human respiratory tract. Suspensions of the studied materials were prepared based on cell culture media by ultrasonication. Cytotoxicity assessment after 48 hours of incubation was performed by using the MTS colorimetric assay. The expression level of apoptosis markers was assessed by immunoblotting using the corresponding monoclonal antibodies. Visualization of SWCNT-1, SWCNT-2 and chrysotile asbestos in BEAS-2B cell cultures was carried out by improved dark-field microscopy.
Results. According to dark-field microscopy, all the studied fibrous materials were found on the surface or cytoplasm of the cells. SWCNT and chrysotile asbestos did not have a direct cytotoxic effect in the MTS assay and did not induce apoptosis according to the results of Western blotting in cell cultures of RAW264.7 macrophages and BEAS-2B bronchial epithelium. In the cells of the bronchial epithelium (BEAS-2B) that showed greater sensitivity, a slight increase in the expression of pro-apoptotic protein PARP, which was more pronounced for shorter SWCNT-2, was revealed.
Conclusion. Both types of SWCNTs, despite the differences in morphological characteristics, demonstrated similar effects in in vitro experiments; this result, with its further verification, can have an important practical application in justifying approaches to determining the safety criteria for single-walled carbon nanotubes as a class of nanomaterials of the same type.
Coronavirus infection and gut microbiota
Authors: Safina D D , Abdulkhakov S R
Published: August 2021

At present time, a number of questions regarding the pathophysiological characteristics and therapeutic approaches to the treatment of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 remain unresolved. In some cases, patients with COVID-19 may experience symptoms of gastrointestinal tract disorder. According to the literature, the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus can replicate in the gastrointestinal tract and may affect the gut microbiota. The article aims to review studies about the possible relationship between the gut microbiota condition and the course of COVID-19 infection, as well as to consider the gut microbiota as a potential therapeutic target and probiotic drugs as possible therapeutic agents in the treatment of viral infections, including COVID-19 infection. It is known that gut microbiota condition is one of the factors determining the susceptibility and features of the bodys response to various infectious agents, possibly including the COVID-19 infection. Currently published studies demonstrate a possible relationship between the gut microbiota condition and the course of COVID-19 infection, however, to confirm this hypothesis, additional studies are required, which will allow to make more unambiguous conclusions with subsequent development of new approaches to the prevention and treatment of infection. Potentially a lot of hope in this direction is inspired by the results of probiotics studies, which showed that their use may reduce the frequency and severity of viral infections of the upper respiratory tract. However, currently, there is insufficient data to extrapolate the results of these studies to COVID-19 patients.
Diagnostic value of research methods in diagnostics of chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Aliyeva G R
Published: August 2021

Chronic pancreatitis remains an unsolved problem for clinicians. One of the biggest dilemmas is to establish a clear diagnosis. Diagnosis can be particularly elusive in patients with early chronic pancreatitis. Many studies have been undertaken to improve diagnostics in chronic pancreatitis, but this has been significantly limited by the lack of a gold standard. The evaluation of patients with suspected chronic pancreatitis should follow a progressively non-invasive to more invasive approach. Computed tomography is the best primary imaging modality to obtain as it has good sensitivity for severe chronic pancreatitis and may exclude the need for other diagnostic tests. When ambiguous results are obtained, a magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography may require for a more detailed evaluation of both the pancreatic parenchyma and ducts. If the diagnosis remains in doubt, endoscopic ultrasound with or without pancreas function testing becomes the preferred method. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography remains a last line diagnostic test and generally should be used only for diagnostic purposes. Future researches in the field of diagnosis of early-stage chronic pancreatitis should purpose optimizing current diagnostic tools. A definitive diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis may not be made simply by clinical history, imaging or function testing alone, but rather by the data gathered by a combination of these diagnostic tools.
Exfoliative dermatitis as a complication of drug eruption associated with COVID-19
Authors: Faizullina E V , Khismatulina I M , Abdrakhmanov R M , Usmanov V V
Published: August 2021

We report a clinical case of exfoliative dermatitis associated with a novel coronavirus disease. A patient with moderate COVID-19 and decompensation of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity developed a generalized drug eruption. Treatment of coronavirus infection included drugs associated with the frequent development of skin allergic reactions: third-generation cephalosporin and hydroxychloroquine. In this clinical case, the patient had a generalized form of exfoliative dermatitis with moderate COVID-19. Thus, the generalization of drug eruption occurred with a decrease in the viral pneumonia foci area and was accompanied by repeated deterioration of general condition of the patient. Skin rashes resolved in the correction of concomitant pathology. Erythroderma has a benign course in hemostatic disorders and the use of systemic glucocorticosteroids, hyperglycemia therapy. For managing such patients, it is important to use an integrated approach, providing both the treatment of the underlying disease and the correction of comorbidity and complications. This is relevant for both dermatologist-venereologist and specialists involved in the treatment of COVID-19.
Clinical case of special legal liability which is the result of a doctor when combination of specialties
Authors: Spiridonov V A , Alexandrova L G , Anisimov A A , Latfullina R R , Kulakova E V
Published: August 2021

We analyzed a forensic case related to an unfavorable outcome of medical care by a pediatrician. One of the reasons for the unfavorable outcome of medical care was the combination of pediatric and pediatric neurology specialties by the doctor, which, according to experts, contributed to an incorrect assessment of the severity of the childs condition and incorrect assessment of general cerebral symptoms and neurological disorders, without proper differentiation. As a result, the diagnostic was not fully provided, and more serious diseases at the time were not excluded. We determined the objective and subjective aspects of liability for combination several specialties. A medical-legal and forensic assessment of a specific unfavorable outcome of medical practice is given. It is concluded that any combination of different specialties by a doctor not only requires additional professional duties but, at the same time, creates additional legal risks in term of criminal law, which should be taken into account by each specialist who has assumed additional obligations.
Modern aspects of morphology of endometrial cancer and neuroendocrine tumors (to the 100th anniversary of the birth of O.K. Khmelnitsky)
Authors: Nepomnyashchaya E M , Moiseenko T I , Trifanov V S
Published: August 2021

November 4, 2020, marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of Oleg Konstantinovich Khmelnitskiy, an outstanding Russian pathologist, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (04.11.192008.02.2004). The creative legacy of O.K. Khmelnitskiy has a large number of works devoted to endometrial cancer and neuroendocrine tumors. Modern concepts of these tumors take a lot from the scientists ideas. The development of the classification of endometrioid carcinomas is determined by new data in molecular genetic research. The most common genetic changes in endometrioid adenocarcinomas involve mutations in the PTEN, KRAS, CTNNB1, PIK3CA, and MS1 genes. Serous carcinomas are characterized by TP53 mutations and HER2-neu gene amplification. The immunohistochemical panel allows differentiation of endometrioid and serous carcinomas. There is evidence of the role of the POLE gene mutation. Various advantages of the introduction of molecular genetic classification are presented, which allow changing approaches to the treatment of endometrial cancer depending on the risk of its development. The 2019 neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) classification allows interpreting morphological characteristics of these tumors in a new way.
Geriatrik popülasyonda kolestatik karaciğer hastalıklarında etiyoloji ve tanısal yaklaşım: 185 vakalık tek merkez deneyimi
Authors: KÖKER Gökhan , UYAR Seyit , ÖZÇELİK Gülhan , ÇATLI Mehmet , ŞAHİNTÜRK Yasin , BOSTAN Feyzi , ÇEKİN Ayhan
Published: August 2021

Giriş ve Amaç: Kolestaz etiyolojik nedenlerinin ve klinik bulgularının 65 yaş üstü hastalarda geniş hasta popülasyonu ile dökümante edilmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Kolestaz nedeniyle yatışı yapılan 65 yaş ve üstü hastalar retrospektif olarak şikayetleri, laboratuvar parametreleri ve görüntüleme sonuçlarına göre değerlendirildi. Benign ve malign etiyolojik nedenler olarak iki gruba ayrılan hastalarda malignite göstergesi olabilecek parametreler için ileri analiz yapıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmamıza retrospektif olarak 65 yaş ve üstü 185 hasta dahil edildi. 109 (%58.9) hastanın etiyolojisi benign, 69 (%37.3) hastanın malign nedenlere bağlı olarak saptandı. 56 hastada (%30.3) koledokolitiazis, 25 hastada (%13.5) kolanjioselüler karsinom, 23 hastada (%12.4) pankreas kanseri en sık görülen tanılardı. En sık başvuru şikayeti karın ağrısıydı. Sarılık şikayetiyle başvuran hastaların %45.6’sı (n: 52) benign, %54.4’ü (n: 62) malign iken kilo kaybıyla başvuran hastaların %6.2’si benign, %93.8’i maligndi. Sarılık ve/veya kilo kaybı şikayetiyle başvuran hastaların malign olma ihtimali istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde yüksek saptandı (p < 0.001). Çok değişkenli analiz sonuçlarına göre total bilirübin ve alkalen fosfatazın diğer değişkenlerden bağımsız olarak malignite ile pozitif olarak ilişkili olduğu görüldü. Ultrasonografi ile 185 hastanın 85’ine (%46) tanı koyulabilirken, 100’üne (%54) ise tanı koyulamadığı görülmüştür. Sonuç: Geriatrik popülasyonda kolestaz etiyolojisinde benign sebepler daha sık görülmüştür. Sarılık ve kilo kaybı şikayetleri olan ve/veya bilirübin ve alkalen fosfataz düzeyi yüksek olan hastalarda ise malign hastalıklar ayırıcı tanıda öncelikli olmalıdır. Ultrasonografi geriatrik popülasyondaki kolestazlı hastalarda tanı koymada yetersiz bulunmuş, ileri görüntüleme tetkiklerine ihtiyaç duyulmuştur.
Factors Affecting Parental Mediation Strategies in Children’s Technology Use: A Systematic Review
Authors: ÜSTÜNDAĞ ALKAN Rabia , ASLAN Alper , TURGUT Yiğit Emrah , KURŞUN Engin
Published: August 2021

Parents raise their children by using their own social, cultural, and financial resources. With the development of technology, parents started guiding their children in digital environments. In other words, parents attempt to regulate their children’s use of media while maximizing the benefits of media-rich digital environments for their children. This study aimed to examine, evaluate, and interpret the factors affecting parental mediation strategies through meta-synthesis method. A total of 16 studies were reviewed. The results revealed that demographic characteristics including age, gender, educational level, and socio-economic status, use of technology, parents’ attitudes and perceptions towards technology are the critical factors influencing parental mediation strategies.
Innovations in Information Systems for Business Functionality and Operations Management
Authors: Amin Ruhul
Published: August 2021

The industrial revolution brought about a smorgasbord of changes in the business environment. A lot of processes could be made more efficient, and productivity could be increased by a factor of a thousand. Nonetheless, after a century, the world's business sector experienced a period of relative stagnation. Later on, the technological revolution and the widespread use of information systems in business became a more significant disruptive force in the business world. Because of the rapid rate at which information technology evolves and is adapted for various applications, there are numerous opportunities to maximize functionality and productivity. The study covered topics such as computing and information technologies, decision analysis, nonlinear complementarity problems, optimization, revenue management, simulation, stochastic models, and stochastic optimization, among other things.
Effect of laparoscopic ovarian drilling on serum anti-Mullerian hormone in clomiphene citrate resistant polycystic ovarian syndrome patients
Authors: Shankar Ambika , Nagar Oby , . Shakuntla , Meghwal Suman
Published: August 2021

Background: PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome) is the most common cause of anovulatory infertility, the purpose of our study was to see the effect of laparoscopic ovarian drilling on the ovarian reserve (with AMH as an indicator of ovarian reserve) and its safety as 2nd line of treatment in patients resistant to clomiphene citrate.Methods: This was a prospective interventional study conducted on 40 clomiphene citrate resistant PCOS women attending the infertility OPD. This study was conducted over a period of 1 year May 2019 to May 2020. Laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) was done and these subjects were studied preoperatively and postoperatively on day 7 and day 30 for change in AMH (anti-Mullerian hormone) levels.Results: There is a significant change in the AMH level post LOD day 7 and 30 but not so severe that it will lead to premature ovarian failure. The amount of drop in AMH (day 30) increases till 20 ng/ml beyond which it shows a decrease.Conclusions: If LOD is done in a proper manner in women with sufficient ovarian reserve (high AMH), it will not adversely affect the ovarian reserve (the fall is not enough to cause premature ovarian insufficiency).
Clinical study of liver abscess
Authors: L. Chethan
Published: August 2021

Background: Liver abscesses, both amoebic and pyogenic, is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in tropical countries. However, liver abscess have been managed by conservative, percutaneous needle aspiration, surgical drainage and endoscopic drainage. The aim of our study was to study the etiological, predisposing factors, signs and symptoms and various modalities of treatment of liver abscess.Methods: In this study 30 cases of liver abscess, required data was collected and was compared statistically. All cases were studied upto discharge regarding presenting signs and symptoms and treatment modalities.Results: Liver abscesses were more common in males. History of alcoholism was present in 60% of cases. The common clinical features were rt hypochondriac tenderness 100%, tender hepatomegaly 90%, fever 97%, anorexia 77%, weight loss 40%, jaundice 13%. Elevated leukocytes was seen in 72%, elevated serum bilirubin in 17%, serum alkaline phosphatase in 50 % and serum transaminase in 17% of cases. Right lobe of liver was involved in 87%, left lobe in 13%, both lobes in 0%. 23% of cases were treated conservatively, 50% by aspiration, 27% by surgical open method drainage, complications were secondary infection in 8%, rupture into peritoneal cavity 13% and pleural effusion 17%. Mortality was nil.Conclusions: The modern day ultrasound and other non-invasive imaging techniques had greatly revolutionized the diagnosis and management of the liver abscess. Conservative management with IV antibiotics and USG guided percutaneous aspiration of liver abscess are most frequent treatment modalities used now, with fewer complications.
Clinical outcome of hepatic resection for malignant liver tumors in elderly patients
Authors: El-Badry Ashraf M. , Aldardeer Ahmed Abdelkahaar
Published: August 2021

Background: Aging hinders the liver capacity to restitute its volume and function after partial hepatectomy. Concomitant hepatic parenchyma disorders and major resections may increase the susceptibility of elderly patients to worse postoperative outcome.Methods: Prospectively collected medical records of adult patients who underwent elective partial hepatectomy for malignant liver tumors at Sohag University Hospital (June 2014–May 2020) were analyzed. A group of elderly (≥65 years) were compared with a matched control group of non-elderly (<65 years) patients as regards posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) and overall complications, including mortality. Markers associated with PHLF and postoperative death were investigated.Results: Forty-eight patients were enrolled, 24 per group. 34 were males (71%). All patients had primary hepatic malignancy or metastatic tumors. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was the most common indication for liver resection in both groups (32 patients, 66.6%). Elderly patients exhibited significantly higher grades of overall postoperative complications (p<0.05). PHLF was significantly increased in the elderly group, in evident connection with significant persistence of higher bilirubin levels and reduced prothrombin concentration (p<0.05) until 5th postoperative day. Subgroup analysis showed that major resections and cirrhosis correlated with increased morbidity among elderly compared with younger patients. Postoperative mortality occurred in 3 elderly cirrhotic patients, who failed to recover normal platelet count postoperatively.Conclusions: In elderly patients, major liver resection for malignant tumors is associated with worse outcome, particularly in those with coexisting cirrhosis. Predictors include early postoperative thrombocytopenia and persistent hyperbilirubinemia and coagulopathy.
East surgical ward enteric perforation score: a new statistically valid scoring criteria for decision between repair or ileostomy in patients with peritonitis due to enteric perforation
Authors: Ammar Ahmed Siddique , Naqi Syed Asghar , Sattar Zahra , Inayat Farwa , Liaquat Affifa , Janjua Azwa Munim
Published: August 2021

Background: Enteric fever leading to enteric perforation is very common surgical emergency in the developing nations. The two surgical solutions used worldwide are to repair or exteriorize the perforation as ileostomy. The aim of the study was to setup and validate a statistically reliable scoring system for decision between repair and ileostomy in patients with peritonitis due to enteric perforation.Methods: It was an observational cross-sectional study done at East Surgical Ward of Mayo Hospital, Lahore. 256 patients were selected by consecutive non-probability sampling after ethical approval. The duration of study was 2 years from 1st August to 2018 to 30th July 2020. Patients with age more than 13 years presented in emergency department with diagnosis of peritonitis due to enteric perforation were included. A preformed scoring criterion named as East surgical ward enteric perforation (ESWEP) score was set by giving each variable a score of 1 to 3. Cut-off value between repair and ileostomy was observed.Results: 142 (55.4%) patients were male and 114 (44.5%) were female. Male to female ratio was 1: 1.24. The average age of patients is about 37 years with SD of ±9.67 years. ROC curve showed cut-off of pre-operative ESWEP score of 4 (sensitivity78%, specificity of 88%), per operative score of 7 (sensitivity 96%, specificity of 85%) and total ESWEP score of 11 (sensitivity 94%, specificity of 88%).Conclusions: ESWEP score is new score which helps in standardization of operative procedure done for the patients with peritonitis due to enteric perforation.
A cross-sectional observational study assessing the liver function in malarial patients
Authors: Mehta Dhara P. , Shah Purva C. , Daveshwar Meena
Published: August 2021

Background: Malaria is a major cause of morbidity in the tropics, being a disease of global importance that results in 300-500 million cases annually. Liver involvement manifests as jaundice, hyperbilirubinemia, hepatomegaly and elevated enzymes (transaminases and alkaline phosphatase). Our objective in this study was to evaluate the role of liver function as an indicator of malaria in endemic regions and as a marker of disease severity.Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study conducted in central laboratory, department of pathology, central laboratory, department of biochemistry, and out-patient department, department of medicine, medical college Baroda and SSG hospital over a period of ten months, from February, 2019 to November, 2019 and included 137 microscopy proven malaria positive cases. The parasite density on peripheral smear was graded as scanty, moderate and heavy.  After procuring the records of serum bilirubin, SGPT and SGOT, statistical analysis of the data was performed.Results: All the 3 parameters show maximum derangement in severe parasitemia with mean values of 3.57, 81.44, and 92.9. While comparing vivax and falciparum malaria, all the LFTs studied show greater derangement in Plasmodium Falciparum when compared to Plasmodium vivax, with greatest difference seen in bilirubin levels (27.78% cases with hyperbilirubinemia in Plasmodium vivax versus 71.43% cases of Plasmodium falciparum showing hyperbilirubinemia).Conclusions: We conclude that altered liver function in form of hyperbilirubinemia and increased liver enzymes in a patient with acute febrile illness increase the probability of malaria, hence directing the clinician along the correct path of further work-up and accurate treatment.
Association of fibroblast growth factor-23 among chronic kidney disease patients with mineral bone disease
Authors: Toppo Ashok K. , Toppo Deepika , Minj Dipti R. , Gupta Rishabh
Published: August 2021

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by slow and progressive loss of kidney function over years. Most of the time it goes undetected till severe irreparable damage has occurred. CKD is a worldwide public health problem.Methods: The present cross sectional study was conducted in nephrology outpatient department (OPD) and medicine wards of Government Medical College and Hospital, Ambikapur, Sarguja, Chhattisgarh, India from June 2020 to June 2021. The study involved 50 adult patients (>18 years) of CKD who were on hemodialysis. Patients who are not willing to participate and comatose patients were excluded from the study.Results: Among the CKD patients, 10 (20%) had left ventricular hypertrophy, 5 (10%) patients had left ventricular dysfunction with ejection fraction (EF) less than 40. 98% of the study participants were undergoing twice weekly hemodialysis and 2% were on thrice weekly hemodialysis. No significant association was found between left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) with fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) (p>0.05) whereas there was a significant association between phosphate and FGF-23 (p<0.05) and between calcium and FGF-23 (p<0.05).Conclusions: CKD mineral and bone metabolism (MBD) is common in patients with CKD especially stage 5. They are also prone for cardiovascular manifestation. FGF23 levels were high in those with elevated phosphorous, left ventricular hypertrophy and left ventricular dysfunction. Levels of calcium, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and ejection fraction did not correlate with FGF-23. Larger population in the study would have helped in actual identification of these patients and also helped in the knowing the predominant role of FGF-23.
A cross sectional study on the prevalence of overweight and obesity in affluent school children of central Kerala
Authors: Viswambharan Jaya Koothupalakkal , Abraham Ruth
Published: August 2021

Background: Childhood obesity is increasing in India in recent years. The recent economic development and nutritional transition has been attributed to the increase in childhood obesity. Obesity in childhood predisposes to many cardiovascular/endocrinal problems in later years of life. This problem is taking an epidemic lever in Kerala too. Objective was to assess the prevalence of obesity among affluent school children in Thrissur.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 1104 private school children in Thrissur, Kerala, South India between November 2019 to October 2020. Prior permission to conduct the study was obtained from the respective authorities. Parent assent was obtained. A semi-structured questionnaire was used. Anthropometric measurements- height and weight were measured using the standard methods prescribed in the World Health Organization STEPwise approach to surveillance (WHO-STEPS) field manual.Bodymass index (BMI) was calculated and classified as per WHO guidelines for their respective ages.Results: 13.9% were overweight and 7.3% were obese. The combined prevalence of overweight and obesity was 21.2%. Prevalence of obesity and overweight was 23.7% among boys and 18.2% among girls. The prevalence of overweight and obesity increases with age.Conclusions: Appropriate preventive measures like change in food habits and life style practices, increasing physical activities, health education for parents and children, needs to be taken.
Post COVID-19 invasive mucormycosis and actinomycosis co-infection: a case report
Authors: Mishra Neha , Mutya Venkata Sai Shashank , K. Irfan Ibrahim , Rai Girish
Published: August 2021

Actinomyces are commensals of human oropharynx and actinomycosis is considered mainly as an endogenous infection that is triggered by a mucosal lesion. Typically, the disease presents as a slowly progressive painless indurated mass evolving into multiple abscesses with draining sinus tracts sometimes expressing a typical yellow exudate with characteristic sulfur granules. The gold standard of diagnosis is histological examination and bacterial culture of the tissue. Most isolates are susceptible to beta lactams and they are the treatment of choice along with surgical management with drainage of abscesses and excision of recalcitrant fibrotic lesions and debridement of necrotic bone tissue. Here we present a case of 37-year-old male patient who has developed severe COVID-19 infection following which he developed invasive mucormycosis followed by actinomycosis. We postulate that the lymphopenia and the use of immunosuppressants used in treatment of COVID-19 lead to mucormycosis and aggressive debridement used as a strategy in treatment of mucormycosis led to colonization of actinomyces leading to cervicofacial actinomycosis.
Analysis of the Effectiveness of Architectural Creative Learning Methods
Authors: Indira Dewi Happy , Hayun Muhammad , Susanto Ahmad , Zulfitria Zulfitria
Published: August 2021

This research is a preliminary study of the Creative Learning Model for Visual Art Gifted Children. This study aims to determine which creative learning methods are the most effective for learning architectural design. This study used observation to observe students' ability when using this method in learning, then to analyze the effectiveness level of each method used Repeated Measures ANOVA. The results of this study show that the design method with computer-based mass studies is superior to that of biodrawing, mass studies (without computers), mind maps, and biodrawing. However, based on qualitative observations, if this method is used to design at an early stage it will result in a design that is stiff and less beautiful.
Experimental Investigation on Influence of Infill Density on Tensile Mechanical Properties of Different FDM 3D Printed Materials
Authors: Pandžić Adi , Hodžić Damir , Kadrić Edin
Published: August 2021

One of the advantages of FDM technology is the production of product materials with infill structure. In order to make the most of this advantage, the behaviour of FDM printed material with infill structure under different loads has to be analyzed and understood. Therefore, the goal of this experimental research is to analyze influence of infill density (100%, 80%, 60% and 20%) on tensile mechanical properties (tensile strength and elastic modulus) of PLA antibacterial nanocomposite, tough PLA and ABS-X 3D printed materials.
Does Social Risk Amplification Theory Explain the Resistance to COVID-19 Geo-Localization Applications?
Authors: Nabil Mzoughi Mohamed , Garrouch Karim
Published: August 2021

KSA have launched a mobile application which recognizes if there is a confirmed COVID-19 subject in proximity. Its adoption can be explained by technology acceptance models, but the pandemic context involves also the use of a theory dealing with the health risk. This study adapts the Social Amplification of Risk Framework to verify a model explaining three behaviors: information seeking, preventive behavior and resistance to COVID-19 mobile application Tawakkalna. A survey has been distributed to a sample of 312 individuals living in Saudi Arabia. Findings show that media coverage and perceived risk have an impact on negative affective reactions which influence behavior.
Racismo estructural, línea divisoria, representaciones, estereotipo y discriminación contra los afroperuanos en la publicidad
Authors: Mendoza Cuéllar Héctor José
Published: August 2021

El motivo del presente ensayo es reflexionar sobre las distintas representaciones de niñas/os, adolescentes y adultos/as afrodescendientes en la publicidad peruana. Así, se propone como preguntas orientadoras las siguientes: ¿cómo representa la publicidad a los afroperuanos? ¿Qué rol tiene esta para mantener o cambiar estas imágenes? De este modo, se usarán constructos teóricos como racismo, racismo estructural, línea divisoria, representación, estereotipo y discriminación para analizar cualitativamente spots publicitarios de marcas comerciales peruanas emitidos —en un marco de tiempo de 10 años, aproximadamente— en la televisión de señal abierta y, en algunos casos, desde internet. El presente ensayo no busca establecer un canon. Por el contrario, consciente de sus limitaciones, pone en discusión el papel de la publicidad en la lucha afroperuana como un modo de empezar un camino para tomar posición y ser aliado de un cambio.
Transboundary Animal Diseases in the Perspective of North East India: A Review
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Dutta T.K. , Roychoudhury P.
Published: August 2021

Transboundary animal diseases (TADs) are a serious threat to food security and human health. North-East India shares international borders with five countries that include China, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal and Bhutan. Geographical locations and climatic conditions of North East India with respect to other parts of India are different. Although this part of the country is well known for its natural beauty, customs and unique cultures but the porous international borders made it highly prone to TADs. The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) in pigs is believed to be entered in Mizoram, India from Myanmar. The recent outbreaks of African swine fever (ASF) in India are also initiated in Arunachal Pradesh and Assam and originated from China. The vulnerability of this region to be a potential entry point for TADs, which might have potential zoonotic value, warrants a critical review of the border situation of NER India. The current review emphasizes on awareness about TADs and the factors responsible for their emergence.
Comparing Glycerol with Dimethylformamide and Combination for Cryopreservation of Pug Dog Semen in Egg Yolk Plasma Containing Extender
Authors: Sharma A. , Cheema Ranjna S. , Pathania A.
Published: August 2021

Background: In order to find an alternative cryoprotectant for canine semen, different cryoprotectants, as dimethyl sulphoxide and ethylene glycol, dimethyle formamide either alone or in combination with glycerol have been evaluated on pooled semen of different breeds with different opinions. Methods: In the current study the effect of glycerol, DMF and their combination in Tris-citric acid-fructose egg yolk plasma extender on motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity (PMI), acrosome integrity (AI), inner mitochondrial membrane potential (IMMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzymes in frozen-thaw semen of pug breed was compared. Result: Values for motility, viability, (PMI), AI were significantly (p less than 0.05) high in TCFEYP-G compared to TCFEYP-DMF and TCFEYP-G+DMF at post thaw. However, HIMMP and MIMMP/MDA were non-significantly (P greater than 0.05) high and low in TCFEYP-G compared to TCFEYP-DMF and TCFEYP- G + DMF at post thaw, respectively. MDA concentration was significantly (p less than 0.05) low in TCFEYP-G compared to TCFEYP-DMF and TCFEYP-G + TCFEYP-DMF extenders. However, H2O2, scavenging capacity of spermatozoa, cryopreserved in TCFEYP-G was significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than in TCFEYP-DMF and TCFEYP-G + TCFEYP-DMF. However, there was no significant (p greater than 0.05) difference in superoxide free radical scavenging activity and nitrite concentration of spermatozoa among the three extenders. Activity of GPX, SOD and Catalase was also significantly (p less than 0.05) higher in TCFEYP-G compared to TCFEYP-DMF and TCFEYP-G+DMF. However, values were reverse for GRE activity. This study concludes that glycerol is a healthier cryoprotectant to protect canine spermatozoa from cryo-injury during freezing-thawing process.
↵​A Copro-parasitological Surveillance on Diverse Captive Wild Avian Species
Authors: Manjunatha V. , Rout M. , Sreevatsava V. , Kshamaa L.M. , . Umashankar , Shankar B.P. , Byregowda S.M.
Published: August 2021

Background: Infections with gastrointestinal parasites are widespread and a major health issue for captive birds. Despite the significance being well known, not much studies have been conducted on its prevalence especially in captive avians in a zoo setup. The present study aims at determining the prevalence of parasites in captive birds of different orders maintained at Bannerghatta Biological Park, Bengaluru, Karnataka.
Methods: In this investigation, a survey through fecal sample examination was conducted to assess the parasitic infection in captive birds belonging to 6 different biological orders e.g. Casuariiformes, Anseriformes, Galliformes, Pelecaniformes, Psittaciformes {Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae), Duck (Anas platyrhynchos), Peafowl (Pavo cristatus), red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus), grey pelican, (Pelecanus philippensis), purple heron (Ardea purpurea), silver pheasant (Lophura nycthemera), macaw (Ara ararauna), parakeet (Psittacula eupatsia)} and Ciconiiformes maintained at Bannerghatta Biological Park, Bengaluru, Karnataka. A total of 106 fecal samples from apparently healthy birds including 7 samples from emu, 3 ducks, 12 peafowls, 8 red jungle fowls, 24 grey pelicans, 1 purple heron, 13 silver pheasants, 8 macaws, 26 parakeets and 4 Indian open-billed storks were collected during 2015-2016 and were screened for parasitic eggs/oocysts. Result: The screening result could detect ova of 2 (28.57%) Eimeria oocyst in emu, 3 (100%) Eimeria oocyst in duck, 7 (58.33%) Capillaria sp., 3 (25%) Eimeria oocyst, 2 (16.66%) Ascardia galli, 2 (16.66%) Raillietina echinobothrida, 1 (8.33%) Tetrameres sp. in peafowls, 3 (37.5%) Ascardia galli, 1 (12.5%) Eimeria oocyst in red jungle fowls, 5 (20.83%) Ascardia galli in grey pelican, 1 (100%) trematode ova in purple heron, 3 (23.07%) Raillietina sp., 2 (15.38%) Eimeria ocyst in silver pheasant, 2 (25%) Ascaris sp. in macaw, 12 (46.15%) Ascaris sp., 3 (11.53%) Eimeria oocyst in parakeet and 4 (100%) Tetrameres sp. in Indian open-billed storks.
Peptide based Indirect ELISA for Detection of Antibodies against Peste des petits ruminants virus
Authors: Mahalakshmi N. , Thangavelu A. , Tirumurugaan K.G. , Vidhya M.
Published: August 2021

Background: Infectious virus antigen is not recommended for disease monitoring in global Peste des petits ruminants eradication strategies. Native virus antigens are gradually being replaced with recombinant or synthetic peptide antigens. The focus of the present study is to optimize and develop peptide-based immunoassay for the detection of antibodies to PPRV N and H proteins. Methods: Epitopes of PPRV H and N proteins were selected based on prediction with bioinformatics tools and from previous studies. Two peptides each were synthesized for N and H proteins and peptide ELISA developed. The peptide ELISA’s sensitivity and specificity were tested with sera samples collected at different time intervals of vaccination (goat =73, sheep= 62) and 88 random serum samples (goat =47, sheep=41). The collected sera were screened using cELISA before proceeding to peptide ELISA. Result: In competitive ELISA, 106 goat serum samples and 96 sheep serum samples were found to be positive. Fourteen goat serum samples and seven sheep serum sample were shown to be negative. Among120 goat serum samples tested, 114 were found to be positive by peptide ELISA. Similarly, out of 103 sheep serum samples analyzed, 96 were found to be positive with peptide ELISA. The peptide ELISA based on the highly conserved and antigenic N and H epitope detected antibodies to PPRV in precise manner. This study demonstrated the effective use of synthetic peptides as an antigen in the detection of antibodies to PPRV.
Pathomicrobial and Molecular Investigations of Respiratory System Diseases Affecting Buffaloes
Authors: Sharma Charlie , Nehra Vikas , Lather Deepika , Kumar Aman , Chhabra Rajesh , Narang Gulshan
Published: August 2021

Background: Pathomicrobial and molecular investigations of respiratory system diseases was undertaken on twelve adult buffalo carcasses received for necropsy examination at post mortem facility of Department of Veterinary Pathology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana during the period from August, 2018 to February, 2019. Methods: After collection of the samples, laboratory work was undertaken in the laboratories of Department of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Animal Biotechnology and Central Laboratory of the College, LUVAS, Hisar, Haryana (India) in the year 2018-2019 regarding the examination of the clinical history, pathological, microbiological and molecular investigations. Result: The gross pathological changes observed in lungs were variable degree of vascular changes, mild to severe consolidation, fibrin deposition along with adhesions to the thoracic wall. Histopathological findings revealed abnormalities of inflation such as pulmonary emphysema, atelectasis, pulmonary congestion and haemorrhages which was associated with different types of pneumonia viz. fibrinous bronchopneumonia, suppurative giant cell pneumonia, interstitial pneumonia and serous pneumonia. Lung, heart blood and tracheal swab samples collected from the buffalo carcasses revealed eighteen bacterial isolates which were identified by Vitek 2 system. These include E. coli (11 isolates), Salmonella enteric enterica (2 isolates), Acinetobacter ursingii (1 isolate), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (1 isolate), Staphylococcus sciuri (1 isolate), Staphylococcus warneri (1 isolate) and Staphylococcus hominis (1 isolate) mostly belonging to opportunistic pathogen category. E. coli serotypes confirmed from these cases were O83, O149 and O8. The results of in vitro drug sensitivity testing revealed that most of bacterial strains were found sensitive to cefoperazone/sulbactum and co-trimoxazole. Molecular studies confirmed Bovine Herpes Virus-1 (BHV-1) infection in one case with Fibrinous bronchopneumonia through real-time quantitative PCR indicating the prevalence of the infection in the state.
​A Study on Alteration in Serum Biochemical Parameters in Colibacillosis Affected Diarrhoeic Cattle Calves
Authors: Nayak T.C. , Singh A.P. , Chahar A. , . Savita , Yadav R. , Kachhawa J.P. , Gupta S.R.
Published: August 2021

Background: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the changes in serum biochemical parameters in colibacillosis affected diarrhoeic cattle calves below one month of age. Methods: The study was undertaken at Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India, during the period from September 2018 to March 2019. A total of 32 calves affected with colibacillosis confirmed on the basis of Multiplex PCR (for presence of K99, Stx1 and eaeA genes of E. coli) and eight clinically normal healthy calves (as control) were taken to investigate the serum biochemical profiles. Result: Analysis of serum samples of calves affected with colibacillosis revealed significant increase in the values of total protein, albumin, globulin, A/G ratio, blood urea nitogen, creatinine, potassium, total oxidant status andoxidative stress index while there is a significant decrease in the values of glucose, sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, IgG, IgM and total antioxidant status. There were no significant changes observed in the values of ALP, AST and ALT in affected calves as compared to healthy control group of calves.
​Efficacy of Multi-ion Doped Plasma Spray Nano-hydroxyapatite Coated Titanium Implants in Long Bone Fracture Repair in Dogs- Radiographical and Bone Markers Evaluation
Authors: Vani G. , Veena P. , Kumar R.V. Suresh , Lashmi M. Santhi , Prameela D. Rani , Kundu Biswnath
Published: August 2021

Background: Fracture of long bones is a common orthopaedic condition noticed in dogs and its primary goal is to completely restore the function of the injured limb as early as possible. Osteo-conductivity of hydroxyapatite can be improved further by decreasing the particle size to nanometre range and incorporation of inorganic materials in hydroxyapatite can enhance osteoblast cell material interactions. Strontium, Zinc, Silver and Fluorine are known to play an important role in the bone formation and also affect bone material characteristics such as crystallinity, degradation behaviour and mechanical properties. When doped with plasma spray nanohydroxyapatite, these multi-ions cause no harm to the physical environment during the degradation process of hydroxyapatite as these are nontoxic and play significant role in bone metabolism, growth and nourishment. Bone markers have tremendous potential as a rapid and sensitive method for assessing the response of the skeleton to medical or surgical interventions providing valuable information regarding bone turn over in animals. Hence, the current study was undertaken to evaluate the potential of multi-ion doped nano-hydroxyapatite coated intramedullary titanium implants in long bone fracture repair in dogs compared to the conventional intramedullary titanium implants through radiographical studies and evaluation of bone markers. Methods: Radiographical evaluation, Sandwich ELISA kits developed by Bioassay technology laboratory. Result: Plasma spray nano-hydroxyapatite coated titanium intramedullary implants have shown excellent osteo-conductivity when doped with multi-ions of Strontium, Zinc, Silver and Fluorine facilitating rapid osteoblastic activity and rapid bone turnover at the fracture site and complete fracture healing by 3rd week post-operatively as evidenced by radiographic scores and a peak BALP (Canine Bone Alkaline Phosphatase) values and early limb usage. Bone reabsorption and bone tissue remodelling due to osteoclastic action at the fracture site was quicker when the multi-ion doped nano-hydroxyapatite coated titanium intramedullary implants were used which is evidenced by the radiographic scores and highest CTX (Canine C-telopeptide of Type 1 Collagen) values indicating completion of fracture healing and near completion of bone tissue remodelling by 9th post-operative week in long bone fracture repair in dogs.