bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fermentasi Jerami sebagai Pakan Tambahan Ternak Ruminansia
Authors: Sarungu Yunus Tonapa , Ngatin Agustinus , Sihombing Rony Pasonang
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAK

 

Jerami adalah limbah tanaman padi yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pakan ternak. Agar jerami tidak mengalami pembusukan, maka dilakukan proses fermentasi. Fermentasi merupakan proses pengubahan suatu zat dengan bantuan mikroorganisme dengan menghasilkan karbohidrat.  Fermentasi divariasikan dengan waktu 7, 15 dan 21 hari menggunakan probiotik EM4 dan starbio. Rasio perbandingan bahan jerami dan probiotik yaitu 10:1. Dilakukan pengamatan pada hasil fermentasi untuk kandungan protein, karbohidrat sederhana, dan kadar air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jerami hasil fementasi berwarna cokelat, kadar protein dan glukosa meningkat. Kadar protein dengan penambahan probiotik EM4 naik dari 5,775% menjadi 18,06% dan penambahan starbio menaikkan kadar protein menjadi 14,07%. Fermentasi jerami dengan penambahan EM4 lebih efektif daripada starbio. Waktu fermentasi yang paling efektif adalah 15 hari.

 

Kata kunci: Jerami, fermentasi, probiotik, EM4, starbio

 

ABSTRACT

 

Straw is rice crop waste which can be used as animal feed materials. To avoid straw to decay, the fermentation process is carried out. Fermentation is the process of changing a substance with the help of microorganisms to produce carbohydrates. Fermentation was varied for 7, 15 and 21 days using EM4 and starbio probiotics. The ratio of straw and probiotic is 10: 1. The results of fermentation were observed for protein, simple carbohydrates, and water content. The results showed that fermentation resulted in brown colour and icreases of protein and glucose levels. Protein levels with the addition of EM4 probiotics increase from 5.775% to 18.06% and addition of starbio increases the protein levels to 14.07%. Straw fermentation with the addition of EM4 is more effective than starbio. The most effective fermentation time is 15 days.

 

Keywords: Straw, fermentation, probiotics, EM4, starbio,
Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu dan Dukungan Suami dengan Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Intra Uterine Device (IUD)
Authors: Sri Handayani  , Turiyani
Published: June 2021

Semakin meningkatnya laju pertambahan penduduk 1,49 % per tahun sehingga rata-rata wanita subur melahirkan 2,6 anak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu dan dukungan suami dengan penggunaan kontrasepsi Intra Uterin Device (IUD) di Puskesmas Pedamaran Timur. Metode yang digunakan merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional dimana penelitian dilakukan dengan mengukur variabel independent dan dependent dalam waktu bersamaan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu yang menjadi akseptor KB dengan sampel 47 akseptor KB. Hasil analisis menunjukkan ada hubungan pengetahuan ibu dan dukungan suami dengan penggunaan kontrasepsi Intra Uterin Device (IUD) di Puskesmas Pedamaran Timur kabupaten OKI Tahun 2018. Penelitian ini menyarankan kepada petugas kesehatan untuk lebih mensosialisasikan pemberian informasi dan pelayanan KIE khususnya mengenai kontrasepsi yang aman pada masyarakat terutama IUD agar metode yang dipilih rasional, efektif, efisien dan sesuai dengan perencanaan keluarga.
Rotational stability of thoracolumbar junction fixation systems
Authors: Afaunov A. A. , Takhmazyan K. K. , Mukhanov M. L. , Basankin I. V. , Ageyev M. Yu.
Published: June 2021

Objective To compare the rotational stability of fusion constructs using bisegmental fixation of Th12-L2 vertebrae with anterior stabilization or pedicle screw fixation.

Material and Methods The strength, rigidity and limit of elasticity in the “injured vertebral motion segments (VMS) – bisegmental anterior stabilization” system under dislocating rotational loads were estimated. The data obtained were compared with the similar characteristics of the “injured VMS – bisegmental 4-screw transpedicular metal construction” system and intact spine segments.

Results Under rotational loads the limits of elasticity of injured spine segments of Th12-L2 with anterior stabilization and transpedicular screw fixation (TSF) is 45.5 and 41.7%, respectively, and the general strength is 66.4% and 80%, respectively, as compared with those intact VMS. Rigidity parameters of anterior-stabilized and pedicle screw fixated VMS with unstable damage of L1 are 60.2 and 93.9%, accordingly, in comparison with those intact VMS.

Conclusion No significant differences were observed between bisegmental anterior stabilization and bisegmental pedicle screw fixation of thoracolumbar junction in terms of the key mechanical properties. When treating patients with unstable thoracolumbar spine injuries using bisegmental anterior stabilization or transpedicular fixation with 4-screw spinal system possible rotation motion amplitude of operated segments must not exceed 50% of maximum physiological limits.
Neuropathic pain
Authors: Koriachkin V. A. , Spasova A. P. , Khinovker V. V.
Published: June 2021

Background Chronic neuropathic pain is a common occurrence, its prevalence ranges from 7 to 10% of the total population. Currently, the only official document that includes neuropathic pain is the International Classification of Headaches Disorders (ICHD-3), in which this type of pain is associated with traumatic brain injury and neuralgia. Until now, there has been no generally accepted terminology and classification of chronic neuropathic pain.

Objective To provide the current terminology, classification and additional characteristics of neuropathic chronic pain.

Results The review of modern terminology and classification of neuropathic chronic pain describes the terms included in the concept of chronic peripheral and central neuropathic pain, identifies pain subtypes, as well as its additional characteristics such as the intensity of neuropathic pain, the severity of suffering and disability.

Conclusions Thus, the presented recent classification of chronic neuropathic pain is an exhaustive list of the most common neuropathic pain syndromes. The inclusion of classification into clinical practice will help to draw attention to the problem of treatment of chronic neuropathic pain by WHO members, carrying out epidemiological studies and making a correct diagnosis, and therefore the appointment of adequate treatment methods.
HARGA DIRI, KONFORMITAS TEMAN SEBAYA, DAN PERILAKU PERUNDUNGAN PADA REMAJA
Authors: Hutabarat Yohana Sondang Activa , Widyorini Endang , Rahayu Esthi
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh harga diri dan konformitas teman sebaya terhadap perilaku perundungan pada remaja. Subjek dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 124 siswa SMP di kota Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, dan Bekasi dengan cakupan usia 13-16 tahun. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah skala perilaku perundungan, skala harga diri, dan skala konformitas teman sebaya.. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan teknik analisis korelasi ganda untuk menguji hipotesis mayor, dan analisis Product Moment untuk menguji hipotesis minor. Dari hasil analisis terbukti bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara harga diri dan konformitas teman sebaya dengan perilaku perundungan pada remaja. Variabel harga diri dan konformitas teman sebaya memberikan sumbangan efektif sebesar 41% terhadap perilaku perundungan pada remaja.
EKSEKUSI YANG TIDAK DAPAT DIJALANKAN MENURUT HUKUM ACARA PERDATA
Authors: Kasim Rahmawati
Published: June 2021

Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana cara pelaksanaan eksekusi menurut Hukum Acara Perdata dan bagaimana jika eksekusi tidak dapat dijalankan apabila putusan pengadilan sudah mempunyai kekuatan hukum tetap (in kracht van gewijsde). Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normative, dapat disimpulkan: 1. Cara pelaksanaan eksekusi dalam Hukum Acara Perdata adalah: Pelaksanaan putusan atas perintah dan atau dipimpin ketua pengadilan Negeri, sebelum pelaksanaan eksekusi diberikan peringatan (aanmaning). Jika tidak mengindahkan, maka dilakukan sita eksekusi. Penyitaan dilakukan oleh panitera atas perintah Ketua Pengadilan Negeri.  Sita eksekusi harus disaksikan oleh dua orang saksi. Barang yang disita tetap berada pada yang disita atau ditempatkan pada penyimpanan yang layak. Penyitaan benda tidak bergerak dilakukan dengan membuat berita acara. 2. Putusan Hakim yang sudah mempunyai kekuatan hukum tetap tidak dapat dieksekusi, alasannya: Karena harta kekayaan tereksekusi tidak ada. Karena putusan bersifat deklaratoir (pernyataan). Barang yang menjadi objek eksekusi berada ditangan pihak ketiga. Eksekusi tidak dapat dijalankan terhadap penyewa. Karena tanah yang akan dieksekusi tidak jelas batas-batasnya. Tanah berubah status menjadi tanah Negara. Barang yang menjadi objek eksekusi berada di luar Negeri. Terdapat dua putusan yang saling bertentangan. Kata kunci: Eksekusi, tidak dapat dijalankan, hukum acara, perdata
PERLINDUNGAN DAN UPAYA HUKUM DALAM MENEKAN MARAKNYA PERKAWINAN ANAK DI INDONESIA
Authors: Mumek Gabrila Christy
Published: June 2021

Tujuan dilakukannya peneltian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana perlindungan hukum terhadap perkawinan anak di bawah umur dan bagaimana upaya hukum dalam menekan maraknya perkawinan anak di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, disimpulkan: 1. Anak merupakan generasi muda penerus bangsa yang harus dijaga dan dilindungi oleh  keluarga, masyarakat juga negara maupun undang-undang yang berlaku. Perkawinan anak merupakan pelanggaran hukum khususnya terhadap undang-undang yang berlaku dan merupakan bentuk pelanggaran HAM yang dapat merenggut hak-hak anak. Penetapan batasan usia minimal yang tidak jelas untuk perkawinan mendorong terjadinya praktik perkawinan anak dan undang-undang yang berlaku tidak menjamin perkawinan anak di Indonesia dapat dicegah atau ditolak. 2. Pemerintah sepakat untuk menaikkan batasan usia menjadi 19 (sembilan belas) tahun bagi pria dan wanita untuk menikah lewat disahkannya undang-undang yang baru, yaitu Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan.Kata kunci: Perlindungan, Upaya Hukum, Perkawinan Anak.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI KREDITUR DENGAN OBJEK HAK GUNA BANGUNAN YANG AKAN BERAKHIR MASA BERLAKUNYA SEBELUM PERJANJIAN KREDIT JATUH TEMPO DILIHAT DARI ASPEK HUKUM HAK TANGGUNGAN
Authors: Suhantri Yurichty Poppy
Published: June 2021

Dari jenisnya, penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Sumber data pada penelitian hukum normatif adalah sekunder yang diperoleh dan dikumpulkan dari bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, dan bahan hukum tersier atau penunjang. Bahan hukum yang dikaji dan yang dianalasis dalam penelitian hukum normatif meliputi bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis kualitatif. SKMHT dibuat oleh notaris atau PPAT dan dapat dipergunakan dalam hal pemberi hak tanggungan berhalangan hadir dalam memberikan hak tanggungan dan menandatangani APHT sehingga dikuasakan kepada pihak lain. Jangka waktu berlakunya SKMHT adalah satu bulan dalam hal dijadikan objek hak tanggungan hak atas tanah yang sudah didaftar, dan tiga bulan untuk jaminan hak atas tanah yang belum didaftar atau bilamana hak atas tanah yang bersangkutan sudah bersertifikat, tetapi belum tercatat atas nama pemberi hak tanggungan sebagai pemegangnya hak yang baru. Pembebanan hak tanggungan untuk tanah-tanah yang sudah terdaftar (ada sertifikat) didahului dengan pembuatan APHT oleh PPAT, yang kemudian berdasarkan APHT tersebut oleh Kantor Pertanahan dikeluarkan sertifikat hak tanggungan. Untuk tanah-tanah yang belum terdaftar dan tanah-tanah yang berada diluar wilayah kerja kreditur, pembebanan hak tanggungannya adalah dalam bentuk SKMHT yang juga dibuat oleh Notaris/PPAT.Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Hukum, Hak Guna Bangunan, Perjanjian Kredit, Hak Tanggungan
AKSESIBILITAS PEMBIAYAAN KESEHATAN DALAM PROGRAM JAMINAN KESEHATAN NASIONAL
Authors: Salim Deysi Liem Fat
Published: June 2021

Tujuan edilakukannya penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana Pengaturan Hukum mengenai Aksesibilitas Ekonomi dalam Program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional dan bagaimana Implementasi Tanggung Jawab Negara terhadap Pembiayaan Kesehatan dalam Program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional sebagai Pemenuhan Hak Atas Kesehatan, di mana dengan metode penelitian hukum normatif disimpulkan bahwa: 1. Hak atas kesehatan sebagai hak mendasar bagi setiap individu secara tegas telah dinyatakan dalam Pasal 28 H dan Pasal 34 Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 dan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2005 tentang Pengesahan International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights bahwa setiap orang berhak atas pelayanan kesehatan dan negara bertanggung jawab atas penyediaan fasilitias pelayanan kesehatan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, upaya pemenuhan hak atas kesehatan bagi seluruh masyarakat, maka dibentuklah Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan, Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2004 tentang Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional, Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2011 tentang Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial dan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 82 Tahun 2018 tentang Jaminan Kesehatan. 2. Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional menerapkan sistem pelayanan kesehatan berjenjang, yang terdiri atas Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Pertama (FKTP) dan Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Rujukan Lanjutan (FKRTL). Dalam hal pembiayaan kesehatan, sumber pembiayaan berasal dari pemerintah yang diatur dalam Pasal 171 UU Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan, dialokasikan sebesar 5% dari APBN di luar gaji dan sebesar 10% dari APBD di luar gaji.Kata kunci: pembiayaan kesehatan; jaminan kesehatan nasional;
More Secrets
Authors: Ford Kenneth , Bernstein Jeremy
Published: June 2021

One of the developers of the H-bomb recounts his experiences with security and keeping national secrets. His perspective? Secrets are like helium. They escape from almost any container.
Astragaloside I Promotes the Osteogenesis and Osteogenic Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Through Wingless-Related Integration Site/β-Catenin Pathway
Authors: Deng Jie , Yue Zhikun
Published: June 2021

Periodontitis is an infection-driven inflammatory disease with a complex etiology that is associated with spontaneous tooth loosening. The remediation of periodontitis requires the activation of osteogenesis and regeneration of the lost tissue that is currently not possible through existing clinical practice. The present study has examined the effects of Astragaloside I on the osteogenesis and osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells. The results show increased cell viability and alkaline phosphatase activity in the periodontal ligament stem cells by Astragaloside I treatment. Astragaloside I stimulated the expression of ALP, RUNX2, β-catenin, and OPN in PDLSCs suggesting that Astragaloside I enhances osteoblastic differentiation by modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Further support for involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway comes from the reversal of Astragaloside I stimulation by inhibition of this pathway by a specific inhibitor. In summary the results presented here suggest Astragaloside I as a promising candidate drug for bone remodeling and periodontal tissue engineering.
SURVIVAL COPULA PARAMETERS ESTIMATION FOR ARCHIMEDEAN FAMILY UNDER SINGLY CENSORING
Authors: Idiou N. , Benatia F.
Published: June 2021

Given $(Z_{i},\delta _{i})=\left\{ \min (T_{i},C_{i}),I_{(T_{i}<C_{i})_{i=1,2}}\right\} ,$ as dependent or independent right-censored variables, general formulas are proven for a semi-parametric estimation of the proposed method. As a logical continuation of results established by N.IDIOU et al 2021 \cite{ref16}, a new estimator of $\tilde{C}$ is proposed by considering that the underlying copula is Archimedean, under singly censoring data. As an application, two Archimedean copulas models have been chosen to illustrate our theoretical results. A simulation study follows, which sheds light on the behavior of the process estimation method shown that the proposed estimator performs well in terms of relative bias and RMSE. The methodology of the proposed estimator is also illustrated by using lifetime data from the Diabetic Retinopathy Study, where its efficiency and robustness are observed.
Spiritualitas Dalam Akuntansi Sang Pembebas Dari Kuasa Kapitalisme
Authors: Nursanty Ida Ayu , Kartini Endang , Murjana I Made
Published: June 2021

The objectives of the research are to criticize the modern accounting is entrenched under the auspices of capitalism, especially accounting in Indonesia, and to an alternative idea for a better one. Is done as there as a strength that accounting for capitalism has reached a deadlock in answering current problems. Conventional accounting as a product of the modern era which has the spirit of capitalism is always oriented towards maximizing profit and rationality of recording. The impact of this understanding makes accounting a means of legitimating certain parties to seek maximum profit, without paying attention to other artificial interests.  Through a rasionalis spiritualist approach, the research suggests the internalization of "spirituality" which refers to Islamic spirituality. Under the internalization of Islamic spirituality, accounting can be separated from the domination of capitalism.
Nature-Based Climate Solutions Require Us to Answer the “Where” and the “Who”
Authors: Lamb Rachel L. , Schmidt Jeremy
Published: June 2021

The protection and restoration of nature are critical for climate change mitigation. As such, many international initiatives have been launched to champion the implementation of nature-based climate solutions (NBCS) while supporting other societal goals. Given global momentum, it is critical that policymakers proactively define successful NBCS activities to avoid perverse incentives and harmful land-use change. We argue that effective NBCS will support clear goals and make transparent the relative costs and benefits to climate, biodiversity, and human livelihood. To do this, NBCS must be designed based on the best geospatial science and implemented alongside empowered local communities. Specifically, NBCS should be accompanied by strong benefit-sharing mechanisms that involve procedural equity. Further, where changes in land management and land-use are required, land restoration should be accompanied by financial incentives that make such restoration profitable. Carbon markets could be expanded to include land-based carbon, and auction proceeds or tax revenues could be utilized to fund restoration on private land where landowners may be required to forego other profits over the short term. NBCS will help the global community advance important societal goals if policymakers can be specific about where national goals will be implemented and who will be empowered to make decisions about their design.
A Global Assessment of the Law and Policy of Ecosystem Services
Authors: Ruhl JB , Salzman James
Published: June 2021

This article assesses the approaches that different national governments have employed to provide and conserve ecosystem services, focusing on policy instruments and common-law court decisions. Applying the lessons learned from this review, we address strategies for conservation of mangrove ecosystem services in Australia, focusing on the importance of creating a strong political mandate and demonstrating a clear connection between mangrove conservation and the benefits provided by mangrove services. This requires further research on which beneficiaries would be harmed, and by how much, if the mangrove service flows are reduced. Policy uptake can be slow. It has taken years in other jurisdictions for policies protecting ecosystem services to be adopted, and this will likely be the path in Australia as well.
Ecosystem Services as a Metaphor in Environmental Law
Authors: Bell-James Justine
Published: June 2021

The ecosystem services concept is a useful tool in environmental law, as it allows nature to be considered on the same plane of comparison as proposed development. However, the concept has received significant criticism, with many critics arguing that nature should be valued for its intrinsic worth. This article synthesises the ethical objections to the ecosystem services concept, distinguishing objections to the concept itself, and objections to the commodification of nature. It considers how the concept has been used in Australian environmental law to date, drawing on examples from the coastal wetland context. It concludes that most applications have not involved commodification, and have incorporated notions of intrinsic value. It concludes with some observations for future progress in this field, considering how the ecosystem services concept can be balanced with concerns for respecting the intrinsic value of nature.
Mangrove Ecosystems and Services
Authors: Techera Erika
Published: June 2021

Mangroves are valuable and highly productive ecosystems providing multiple services, including coastal protection, fishery breeding, birthing and nursery grounds, carbon sequestration and water filtration. Although they are rarely the subject of tailored legal protection, there are some jurisdictions where the ecosystem services provided by mangroves are recognised in law and policy frameworks. This article focuses on Indo-Pacific island states to highlight the ways in which mangroves have been treated in law in these nations, and to make suggestions for how Indo-Pacific island states could enhance their conservation and management.
Bombardment of Lunar Polar Crater Interiors by Out-of-ecliptic Ions: ARTEMIS Observations
Authors: Nénon Q. , Poppe A. R.
Published: June 2021

Permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) inside lunar polar craters likely harbor volatiles which are of great interest for both science and resource utilization. The origin and evolution of this resource is in part driven by external space weathering, including the bombardment by space plasma ions. Previous work has investigated the flux of horizontal solar wind ions that are deflected into lunar polar craters by plasma wake electrostatic fields. Here, we constrain the flux of ions that travel northward or southward in the natural environment encountered by the Moon along its orbit. Using 9 years of in situ ion measurements gathered by the ARTEMIS mission, we find that all locations inside lunar craters are altered by a flux of out-of-ecliptic ions of 10−3 times the solar wind flux. In particular, the central floor of Shackleton’s crater is weathered by a non-null ion flux. The origin of northward and southward ions impacting the Moon is identified as (i) shocked thermalized solar wind ions in the terrestrial magnetosheath and (ii) the isotropic component of ion distributions in the terrestrial magnetotail. The energy spectrum of out-of-ecliptic ions is found to be flatter than the solar wind spectrum. Thus, sputtering of pure water ice irradiated by out-of-ecliptic ions would be created for more than 30% by >3 keV protons, unlike equatorial locations that are mostly sputtered by 1 keV protons. Future work may investigate the influence of the low, but nonzero flux of out-of-ecliptic ions reported here on the budget of volatiles in lunar PSRs.
Pandemics, Preprints, and Praxis
Authors: Schwartz Michael R. , Oppold Paul
Published: June 2021

The speed and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic presents challenges not seen since the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918. Governments, healthcare providers, and industries are using all available resources to produce and distribute prevention and mitigation measures. This chapter examines the issues, challenges, and questions surrounding the use of wearable devices (e.g., Fitbit) in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. The implementation of wearables to prevent the spread of infection in the 2020 NBA Bubble is used as a case study of whether and how wearables should be used for detecting illnesses. The role of preprints and their influence on discourse about COVID-19 are also discussed in this chapter.
Development of Tangible Interfaces for Cognitive Development
Authors: Lopes Hugo , Carvalho Vítor , Sylla Cristina
Published: June 2021

This chapter presents the development of a low-cost tangible interface to enhance children's learning through collaborative storytelling, using a set of movable blocks, with a high degree of autonomy and the ability to exchange information with each other. Taking into account the context of the existing game model and on the basis of which this study was developed, the function of these removable blocks is to allow children to create and recreate their own narratives in permanent interaction by manipulating the physical blocks, which trigger the associated virtual representations (characters, e.g., animals, objects, locations, or others). It is expected that children will be able to project these representations on a screen through the activation and manipulation of the physical blocks by adding, removing, moving the blocks while interacting with each other and creating narratives. The authors have attempted to apply a method that could present a new approach to the educational gaming industry.
An Effectiveness Modelling Approach for IoT-Based Smart Grids
Authors: Fan Dongming , Ren Yi , Feng Qiang
Published: June 2021

The smart grid is a new paradigm that enables highly efficient energy production, transport, and consumption along the whole chain from the source to the user. The smart grid is the combination of classical power grid with emerging communication and information technologies. IoT-based smart grid will be one of the largest instantiations of the IoT in the future. The effectiveness of IoT-based smart grid is mainly reflected in observability, real-time analysis, decision-making, and self-healing. A proper effectiveness modeling approach should maintain the reliability and maintainability of IoT-based smart grids. In this chapter, a multi-agent-based approach is proposed to model the architecture of IoT-based smart grids. Based on the agent framework, certain common types of agents are provided to describe the operation and restoration process of smart grids. A case study is demonstrated to model an IoT-based smart grid with restoration, and the interactive process with agents is proposed simultaneously.
Roles, Principles, Requirements, and Characteristics of Islamic Spirituality in Leadership
Authors: Mohamed Hasan Al-Banna , Abdul Mutalib Mahazan , Jalal Burhanuddin , Yasin Redwan , Mohamed Rosmah
Published: June 2021

Leadership, according to Islamic views, is highly emphasized and the responsibility to preserve it is entrusted to every Muslim's individual. Based on this understanding, an Islamic leader should manage the governance wisely and safeguard the given trust by keeping himself from being trapped in transgression actions and always consistent to fulfil his obligations. This includes inviting his subordinates towards performing good actions and contributing to social welfare. This is because the failure of an organisation or society is determined by its leadership quality. Hence, this chapter focuses to discuss the concept of spiritual leadership according to Islamic views, roles of leaders, basic principles and requirements of leadership, and characteristics of leadership that can be learned from the teachings of Islam. In addition, explanations on the effects of spiritual leadership towards faith, politics, society, and economy are also discussed. Overall, this chapter is expected to provide a new perspective on the issue of Islamic leadership in this current era.
Principles and Values of Islamic Communication in Organizations
Authors: Harun Hafiza
Published: June 2021

This chapter discusses Islamic communication principles and values which are ideal for any organizations. The discussion starts by elaborating communication from Islamic point of view. The discussion continues by deliberation on communication values and their relationship with good organization. Some thoughts of Muslims' prominent scholars that are relevant to communication are highlighted to integrate them towards the establishment of an ideal Islamic organization. The deliberations on Islamic values are highlighted through five pertinent values and their roles in building up a solid organization.
Personal Branding and Teachers' Perspectives on Leadership of the Prophet
Authors: Fadilah Risydah , Afita Laili , Prinduri Sari Atika
Published: June 2021

The leadership styles of the Prophet consist of Shiddiq, Amanah, Tabligh, and Fathanah, which can be adopted as teacher leadership styles. Personal branding in Islamic perspective is a character that can be imaged by someone so that other people who see it can characterize that person, while leadership in a teacher's personal branding can be seen from the akhlaq possessed by the teacher in managing the class so that the learning process teaches work effectively. This chapter explains the definition of leadership and the leadership style of teachers in the classroom, the leadership style of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, the definition of personal branding, and how teachers can implement the type of leadership of the Prophet in leading classes that will be used as role models for their students through their personal branding assessment. It aims at how a teacher can make a personal branding who will be a role model and idolized by students in the class so that he can become a leader according to the perspective of the leadership of the Prophet Muhammad.
The Role of Grit Among Kenyan Immigrants in the United States
Authors: Ndolo Sharon
Published: June 2021

This research study examines the role of grit in the success of Kenyan immigrants in the United States. It gives an illustration as to why grit is more relevant than IQ in the accomplishment of long-term goals. It will also examine the importance of learning from a motivational point of view. Finally, it will investigate how Kenyan immigrants with grit handled challenging situations that they faced while in the United States and the positive outcomes that resulted after their decision to be passionate on their set goals. A qualitative approach was selected as the research design for this study using unstructured interviews. The research findings indicate that grit contributed to the success of the five Kenyan immigrants in the United States. Challenges that people face in life can lead to feelings of worthlessness and giving up on set goals. However, the grit predisposition present in all the five participants in the study enabled them to overcome their challenges as noted in the findings, and they all accomplished their set goals.
The Promise, Pitfalls, and Context of Restorative Justice
Authors: Dalmage Heather
Published: June 2021

This chapter addresses the promises and pitfalls of restorative justice (RJ) practices for youth with communication disorders. This chapter begins with the historical context, the current zero-tolerance policies and other harsh, exclusionary discipline measures used in schools and (in)justice system, harming Black disabled students disproportionately. This chapter then addresses the promise of RJ as a way to challenge zero-tolerance while building inclusive communities that focus on the growth of young people in community. This chapter provides a step-by-step discussion of a restorative circle, a practice based on talking, listening, and processing emotions. Speech-language pathologists are called upon to learn about the promise of RJ, engage in restorative practices, and then utilize their specific knowledge of communication disorders to develop universal design circles so that youth with communication disorders and other invisible disabilities can be included and the promise of restorative justice fully realized.
Happiness
Authors: Borges Vicente de Paula Censi
Published: June 2021

This chapter presents happiness from the perspective of a public good, that is, of collective character understood as the basis for the constitution of public policies in tourism. Thus, the intimate relationship between tourism, happiness, and tourism development is recognized. The reflection undertaken on public policies in tourism is based on the analysis of the capacities to generate happiness in society and on the offer of a proposition that state interventions, whether of distributive, redistributive, regulatory, or constitutional nature, under pressure from collective needs, must attend to the tourism development process and sustained in a humanistic conception. Therefore, it is believed that tourism, in its various aspects, will only achieve the happiness of a tourist destination if it meets the premises of sustainable development to the extent that the citizen residing at the tourist destination feels part of the decision-making process and the formation of public policies.
The Role of Esports Events in the Tourism Industry
Authors: Becka Leandro , Antón Marcos , Barrios Diego E
Published: June 2021

In the field of tourism, many destinations are familiar with receiving visitors motivated to travel for traditional sport events. But working in esports is another world entirely, since it combines the competitiveness of sport with entertainment. It is from these particularities that tourism destinations that want to host this type of event must learn the basics of how to navigate the esports ecosystem and where to start when their city seeks to organize esports events. Although esports have roots based on digital consumption, their transfer from virtual space to physical space occurs more frequently through the celebration of increasingly crowded competitive events with greater international repercussion. This chapter aims to analyze the benefits of hosting esports events for the tourism ecosystem of a destination, taking Argentina and Spain as study cases. In particular, the chapter focuses on how destinations looking to diversify their offer can interact with those events, and the opportunities and challenges that they bring.
Translanguaging as a Pedagogy for Equity, Inclusion, and Social Justice in a Multilingual Classroom
Authors: Veliz Leonardo
Published: June 2021

The present study reports on an investigation into the benefits of a translanguaging pedagogy in an ELICOS class as a pedagogical approach to integrate students' complex socio-cultural, multilingual practices and experiences into a classroom learning community. This was explored through semi-structured interviews with five ELICOS students and their teacher over the course of four weeks. Interview questions addressed three specific areas of teaching and learning: (1) teacher perceptions of the pedagogical effectiveness of the translanguaging pedagogy, (2) students' views of the implementation of the translanguaging pedagogy and its benefits for their language development, and (3) students' perceived changes to their self-image as language learners throughout the pedagogical implementation. Findings revealed that the integration of a translanguaging pedagogy created more inclusive and equitable opportunities for students to draw on their hybrid and fluid multilingual experiences and resources to participate more actively in communicative interactions.
Health Literacy in School
Authors: Arafat S. M. Yasir , Majumder Md. Anwarul Azim , Kabir Russell , Papadopoulos Konstantinos , Uddin Md. Saleh
Published: June 2021

Health literacy is a core element of patient-centered healthcare. Poor health literacy is a silent epidemic across the globe as it affects every aspect of health. Schools bear an important role in increasing health literacy. Improving health literacy in adolescence is supposed to improve the later life as adolescents are used to carry their modified behavior lifelong. Various school-based interventions covering physical and mental health have been studied and found to be effective. International bodies recommend incorporation of health-related tasks into school lessons and considered that teaching the young people will be a good investment for future. Multisectoral collaborations and locally proved effective strategies are the practical challenges. This chapter aims to focus on health literacy, global scenario of health literacy, measurement tools, role of school, interventions, limitations, and challenges of health literacy.
Big Data to Improve Public Health in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Cinaroglu Songul
Published: June 2021

The field of public health provides a multidisciplinary area of research, and new challenges in analytics and operations management are reshaping the strategic decision-making dynamics. Big data is an emerging and promising area of research that has great potential to transform public health. Developed countries are designing big data tools and analytic techniques and using them to provide leadership. In this respect, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) need to become more engaged in the big data ecosystem and to become more aware of how to use new analytical techniques. This chapter provides an overview of big data analytic techniques in public health and their potential to transform strategic public health management in LMICs. To achieve this goal, this chapter explains big data analytics and big data tools in public health and discusses development strategies for LMIC's big public data potential to ensure a better knowledge base for LMIC health policymakers.
Management of Health and Safety Risks at Large Events
Authors: Dadwal Sumesh Singh , Dadwal Dhanwant
Published: June 2021

This chapter details and guides managers and researchers to consider organisational culture, risk management systems, procedures, principles, and processes to manage larger events successively and effectively without any potential tragedies, harms, and risks. It begins with the conceptual understanding of events and how the event organising involves managing health and safety risks. Health and safety management in such situations consists of organised efforts and procedures for identifying workplace hazards and reducing accidents and exposure to harmful situations and substances. The events are organised with different purposesm and each event has a unique blending of durations, seating, management, and people. This is further followed by risk management planning, which assists event organisers in devising and conducting events in the safest possible manner while mitigating losses. HSE England commissioned a study in 2012 and found a range of potential risks and remedies at major events. The main risk identified were design and construction, public health and safety risks, airborne and communicable diseases, non-infectious risk, respiratory diseases, road traffic accident, crowd control, strain on healthcare, workplace violence, fires, etc. Managing a safe event involves planning, assessing risks, precautions measure and corrective and perverting actions, contingency, emergency planning and procedures, effective communications, managing crowd and resources, review, and reflection. The primary legislation covering occupational health and safety in Britain is the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, which makes employers responsible for the management of health and safety. It sets out the general duties which employers have towards employees and members of the public, and employees have to themselves and to each other. The last section discusses main principles of a H&S risk management policy followed by some case studies.
Web Service Composition Security
Authors: Rouached Mohsen
Published: June 2021

The continuous adoption of service-oriented architecture (SOA) and web services across vertical industries, geographies, and organization sizes generates new major security concerns both for individuals and organizations. Many of the features that make web services attractive, including greater accessibility of data, dynamic application-to-application connections, and relative autonomy are at odds with traditional security models and controls. Current web service composition technologies still present serious risks to individual and enterprise security and privacy. In the presence of multiple providers that coordinate to provide a composite web service, these issues are amplified. Web services security, privacy, and forensics investigations are therefore becoming a serious concern, especially with the tremendous increase in cybernetic crimes. The aim of this work is to draw a comprehensive overview about security aspects related to web services composition by considering different branches related to security, privacy, and forensics investigations. For each security aspect, the problem statement and related works are discussed. Then, a proposed approach to deal with the aspect under consideration is presented.
Impact of Children’s Emotional Influencing Strategies on Parental Purchasing Decision on Children’s Food
Authors: Dibie Victor Monday
Published: June 2021

The study focused on impact of children’s emotional influencing strategies on parental purchasing decision on children’s food. The justification for the study was that it examined how emotional strategies help children to influence parental purchasing decision on children’s food. The specific objective of the study was to examine the extent which children’s emotional influencing strategies affect parents in purchasing food for their children. Survey research design was used. Out of the 400 respondents, 386(97%) were considered valid and used. Simple percentage was used to analyze responses to structured questionnaire items. Multiple regression technique was used to test hypothesis. Results indicated that children’s emotional influencing strategies have a significant effect on parental purchasing decision on children’s food. A major recommendation was that manufacturers and marketers of children’s food products should constantly study children’s emotional behavior with a view to designing food products and communication campaign capable of meeting children’s needs.
The Diagnostic Role of Next Generation Sequencing in Uncovering Isolated Splenomegaly: A Case Report
Authors: Auteri Giuseppe , Bartoletti Daniela , Bertuzzi Clara , Bacci Francesco , Tonini Valeria , Catani Lucia , Vianelli Nicola , Cavo Michele , Palandri Francesca
Published: June 2021

Many diseases can induce splenomegaly, however, about 5% of splenomegalies are idiopathic. When there is no underlying treatable cause, and the splenomegaly significantly affects the quality of life, splenectomy is the best therapeutic choice. A 67-year-old woman had idiopathic and asymptomatic splenomegaly. The increase in splenomegaly resulted in hypersplenism with cytopenia and symptoms related to abdominal discomfort. The patient underwent splenectomy which led to clinical improvement. A histological examination showed the presence of hematopoietic tissue. Peripheral blood Next Generation Sequencing with the myeloid panel SOPHiA Genetics showed the following mutations: ASXL1, SRSF2, KRAS and TET2. Three out of these four mutations were also found in the splenic tissue. Next Generation Sequencing could be useful in the diagnosis of splenomegalies associated with myeloproliferative neoplasms otherwise defined as idiopathic, in order to address a therapeutic strategy.
Yaşlı Yetişkinlerde Mobil Uygulamaların Kullanımındaki Engeller ve Çözüm Önerileri
Authors: KIRCA Kamile , KUTLUTÜRKAN Sevinç , SOZERİ Elif
Published: June 2021

İnsanlar, sağlık bilgisini sürdürmek ve bunlara erişmek için, iletişim ve bilgi teknolojisindeki ilerlemelerden dolayı birçok farklı yol geliştirmiştir. Bireylerin sağlığını koruma ve geliştirmenin en güncel yollarından biri de teknolojik cihaz ve mobil uygulamaların kullanımıdır. Sağlık bilgisine erişmenin bu yeni yoluna adapte olmakta zorluk çeken bir grup olarak yaşlı yetişkinler karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Hasta ve sağlıklı bireyler için pek çok avantajı bulunan sağlık bilgi teknolojilerinin, yaşlı yetişkinler tarafından da kullanılabilir olması gerekir. Bu teknolojik uygulamalar yaşlı yetişkinlerin engelli olma, kronik bir hastalığa sahip olma veya yaşlanma ile birlikte sağlık durumundaki olası değişiklikleri dikkate alınarak tasarlandığında faydalı olacaktır. Yaşlı yetişkinlerin teknoloji kullanımını değerlendirebilmek için teknolojiyi kabul durumları ile benimsemelerini etkileyen engelleri anlamak önemlidir. Yaşlı yetişkinler, teknolojik cihazların ve mobil uygulamaların kullanımına ilişkin fiziksel-bilişsel, sosyal-psikolojik ve teknolojik tasarıma ilişkin çeşitli engellerle karşılaşmaktadır. Bu engellerin ortadan kaldırılması ya da azaltılması için teknolojik cihazların ve mobil uygulamaların kolay erişim, maksimum şeffaflık ve minimum belirsizliğe sahip olmaları gerekmektedir. Çünkü yaşlı yetişkinin sağlığa ilişkin mobil uygulamalara erişimi ve kullanımı otonomilerini güçlendirerek, yaşam kalitelerinin artmasını sağlayacaktır. Bununla birlikte giderek hızlanan teknolojiye adapte olmaları için yaşlılara özgü teknolojik ürünlerin tasarımına ağırlık verilmesi ve yaşlıların bu araçları kullanmaya özendirilmeleri gerekmektedir.
Sancak-Uzunpazar Fay Zonu’nun Genç Tektonik Konumu ve Paleosismitesi
Authors: SELÇUK Azad Sağlam , ERTURAÇ Mehmet Korhan , KARABACAK Volkan , SANÇAR Taylan , KUL Ahmet Özkan , YAVUZ Mehmet Ali
Published: June 2021

Sancak-Uzunpazar Fay Zonu K40D uzanımıyla güneybatıda Karakoçan (Elazığ), kuzeydoğuda ise Kaynarpınar (Bingöl) arasında yaklaşık 70 km uzunluğunda ve 5 km genişliğinde sol yönlü doğrultu atımlı bir makaslama zonudur. Bu fay, Doğu Anadolu Fayı’na paralel uzanır ve KD’da Kuzey Anadolu Fayı, güneydoğusunda ise Karakoçan Fayı ile sınırlandırılır. Bu makalede, Sancak-Uzunpazar Fay Zonu’nun morfolojisi, tektonik konumu ve ilk paleosismolojik çalışmalarının sonucu sunulmaktadır. Sancak-Uzunpazar Fay Zonu birbirine paralel gelişen yaklaşık 1.5 km uzaklıkta iki farklı segmentten (Doğu-Batı) oluşmaktadır. Yapılan saha çalışmaları ve hava fotogrametrisi çalışmaları segmentlerin fay önü düzlükleri, üçgen yüzeyler, ötelenmiş dereler, çöküntü alanlar ve kapanan sırtlar gibi morfolojik yapılar sunduklarını ortaya koymaktadır. Özellikle Doğu segmentinde maksimum toplam dere ötelenme 1.1 km olup, bu ötelenmeler ortalama 7-12 m arasında değişmektedir. Ayrıca, bu çalışmada ortaya konulan paleosismolojik veriler, bölgede Holosen içerisinde en az iki yüzey faylanmasının delillerini göstermektedir. Elde edilen morfolojik veriler, bölgede yer alan diğer aktif faylar ile karşılaştırıldığında Sancak-Uzunpazar Fay Zonu’nun nispeten daha düşük bir kayma hızına sahip olabileceğini ve mevcut hareket hızının morfolojiye yansımasının Doğu segment üzerinde daha belirgin olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
Influencia de la digitalización en el siglo XXI en la neuroplasticidad
Authors: Nájera González Edwin Adolfo , Bran Solórzano Ana Lissette , Canel Pinto Iris Maribel , Figueroa de León Rosa Marlene , Lemus Mayra Nineth , Marleny Osegueda Concepción Yenifer
Published: June 2021

La neuroplasticidad es la capacidad que tiene el sistema nervioso para formar nuevas conexiones neuronales, en respuesta a la información que se recibe a través del entorno digital e incide en los procesos de aprendizaje, para enfrentar los cambios mediante el desarrollo de habilidades, destrezas, competencias, en los comportamientos cotidianos, adaptando esta capacidad única en los seres humanos donde el cerebro da sustento a la cognición. Así como a las funciones de pensamiento, memoria, aprendizaje, lenguaje, percepción, emoción y atención que hacen posible la adaptación del ser humano a su entorno, que cambia de forma continua e impredecible, como se experimentó en la digitalización dando un giro durante la pandemia COVID19, creando otros medios de comunicación y acelerando el uso de la tecnología.

El estudio se llevó a cabo con análisis y revisión documental específica centrada en este tema, considerando publicaciones de revistas, artículos científicos, entrevistas y libros;  permitió comprender la respuesta del cerebro ante la necesidad de adaptación de los estímulos digitales y el proceso de aprendizaje formal e informal, estos son fundamentales para desarrollar la capacidad cerebral, debido a que nos provee herramientas para enfrentar los desafíos que se presentan en la transformación digital.