bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanically Induced Motor Tremors Disrupt the Perception of Time
Authors: Gladhill Keri , Kock Rose De , Zhou Weiwei , Joiner Wilsaan , Wiener Martin
Published: September 2024

Contemporary research has begun to show a strong relationship between movements and the perception of time. More specifically, concurrent movements serve to both bias and enhance time estimates. To explain these effects, we recently proposed a mechanism by which movements provide a secondary channel for estimating duration that is combined optimally with sensory estimates. However, a critical test of this framework is that by introducing “noise” into movements, sensory estimates of time should similarly become noisier. To accomplish this, we had human participants move a robotic arm while estimating intervals of time in either auditory or visual modalities (n= 24, ea.). Crucially, we introduced an artificial “tremor” in the arm while subjects were moving, that varied across three levels of amplitude (1–3 N) or frequency (4–12 Hz). The results of both experiments revealed that increasing the frequency of the tremor led to noisier estimates of duration. Further, the effect of noise varied with the base precision of the interval, such that a naturally less precise timing (i.e., visual) was more influenced by the tremor than a naturally more precise modality (i.e., auditory). To explain these findings, we fit the data with a recently developed drift-diffusion model of perceptual decision-making, in which the momentary, within-trial variance was allowed to vary across conditions. Here, we found that the model could recapitulate the observed findings, further supporting the theory that movements influence perception directly. Overall, our findings support the proposed framework, and demonstrate the utility of inducing motor noise via artificial tremors.
Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Astrocyte Functionality Compares Favorably with Primary Rat Astrocytes
Authors: Lendemeijer Bas , Unkel Maurits , Smeenk Hilde , Mossink Britt , Hijazi Sara , Gordillo-Sampedro Sara , Shpak Guy , Slump Denise E. , van den Hout Mirjam C.G.N. , van IJcken Wilfred F.J. , Bindels Eric M.J. , Hoogendijk Witte J.G. , Nadif Kasri Nael , de Vrij Femke M.S. , Kushner Steven A.
Published: September 2024

Astrocytes are essential for the formation and maintenance of neural networks. However, a major technical challenge for investigating astrocyte function and disease-related pathophysiology has been the limited ability to obtain functional human astrocytes. Despite recent advances in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) techniques, primary rodent astrocytes remain the gold standard in coculture with human neurons. We demonstrate that a combination of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4) directs hPSC-derived neural precursor cells to a highly pure population of astroglia in 28 d. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we confirm the astroglial identity of these cells and highlight profound transcriptional adaptations in cocultured hPSC-derived astrocytes and neurons, consistent with their further maturation. In coculture with human neurons, multielectrode array recordings revealed robust network activity of human neurons in a coculture with hPSC-derived or rat astrocytes [3.63 ± 0.44 min−1(hPSC-derived), 2.86 ± 0.64 min−1(rat);p = 0.19]. In comparison, we found increased spike frequency within network bursts of human neurons cocultured with hPSC-derived astrocytes [56.31 ± 8.56 Hz (hPSC-derived), 24.77 ± 4.04 Hz (rat);p < 0.01], and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed an increase of postsynaptic currents [2.76 ± 0.39 Hz (hPSC-derived), 1.07 ± 0.14 Hz (rat);p < 0.001], consistent with a corresponding increase in synapse density [14.90 ± 1.27/100 μm2(hPSC-derived), 8.39 ± 0.63/100 μm2(rat);p < 0.001]. Taken together, we show that hPSC-derived astrocytes compare favorably with rat astrocytes in supporting human neural network activity and maturation, providing a fully human platform for investigating astrocyte function and neuronal-glial interactions.
From bench to babies – drug development for male subfertility
Authors: Chuen Khaw Shen , Martins da Silva Sarah
Published: September 2024

Infertility is estimated to affect more than 50 million couples around the world, with the male factor accounting for half of these cases, yet there is a notable absence of effective treatment options for men, other than in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). This review considers unlicensed and empirical treatments used for male subfertility, including hormonal therapy, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and antioxidants. Compounds generally demonstrate variable improvements in sperm function, but benefits for fertility are less clear. There is a pressing need for effective treatment options for subfertile men; however, our knowledge of sperm function is limited, restricting the identification of precise treatment targets. The traditional drug discovery pathway is also notorious for its extensive resource and time requirements, often extending over decades and demanding significant financial investment. Unfortunately, a substantial number of potential therapies fail before reaching the marketplace. Furthermore, reliance on mammalian models is not possible in the drug development process for male subfertility, due to significant variability between animals and man. We review recent breakthroughs and highlight novel methods aimed at improving the effectiveness and efficiency of drug discovery for male subfertility. High-throughput screening, combinatorial chemistry, and the repurposing of established medications have great potential. These strategies offer the promise of accelerating the pace of drug development, curbing the extensive demand for resources, and, in the case of drug repurposing, diminishing the demand for comprehensive pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies. As these innovative approaches are adopted, the feasibility of addressing male subfertility through scientific advancements appears to be increasingly attainable.

Lay summary

Globally, millions of men suffer from infertility, but with very few exceptions, there is no effective treatment or cure other than complex fertility treatments such as in vitro fertilisation. This review article considers various approaches to treat men, or sperm, which have been largely unsuccessful to date. A significant issue is that we lack a detailed understanding of how sperm work and why treatments do not work. Another issue is that drug discovery is slow and costly because many potential treatments fail early on. However, we discuss recent technical and technological advancements that offer hope, such as high-throughput and phenotypic screening, which allow for the rapid testing of thousands of chemicals to observe their effects on sperm, and combinatorial chemistry, which involves generating large numbers of compounds to find those with beneficial properties. Finding relevant new uses for prescription drugs could also significantly speed up the drug discovery process and result in much-needed new treatments for male infertility.
Factores asociados a la adherencia a protocolos de bioseguridad en estudiantes de odontología de la Universidad Santo Tomás
Authors: Castellanos Domínguez Yeny Zulay , Cárdenas Gutiérrez Angélica María , Jiménez Velásquez Angie Katherine , Peña Mesa María Fernanda , Reyes Sarmiento María Alejandra
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: Identificar factores asociados a la adherencia a protocolos de bioseguridad en estudiantes de odontología de la Universidad Santo Tomás. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio analítico de corte transversal realizado en estudiantes de odontología, quienes respondieron un cuestionario validado con preguntas tipo Likert, sobre adherencia a protocolos de bioseguridad, aplicado en línea a través de Google forms. Los datos cualitativos se presentaron con frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes; los datos cuantitativos se resumieron con medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión, conforme al comportamiento de la normalidad. El puntaje del cuestionario se tomó como variable dependiente y se evaluó frente a variables sociodemográficas con la prueba de Kruskal Wallis. Valores p< 0,05 fueron de significancia estadística. El estudio contó con el aval de comité de investigación y concepto ético favorable. La información se procesó en el programa Stata 14.2. Resultados: Un total de 135 estudiantes participaron en el estudio, con predominio de mujeres (71,9%) y edad promedio 22,3 años. El 77% de estudiantes presentaron adherencia a protocolos de bioseguridad alta-moderada. La edad mayor a 23 años y el sexo femenino se comportaron como factores asociados a mejor adherencia. Conclusiones: Se encontró adecuada adherencia a los protocolos de bioseguridad de las clínicas odontológicas, donde la edad y el sexo se constituyen en factores determinantes a la adherencia por parte de los estudiantes.
Criterios y parámetros de evaluación de competencias comunicativas e interculturales en estudiantes universitarios quechua hablantes de Perú
Authors: Benito Condori Jeovana Justina , Cancino Verde Rosalinn Francisca , López Capillo Carmela Florencia
Published: September 2024

The present research is qualitative in nature and its objective is to determine the criteria and parameters for the evaluation of oral and intercultural communicative competence in the Quechua language in order to propose an instrument and a rubric to measure the level of oral competence of these mutually interrelated competencies. This instrument was submitted to the judgment of experts and subsequently applied to Quechua-speaking university students of social sciences and humanities at Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal. These students were selected through the application of a diagnostic file card. The result of the study was that, in order to evaluate oral and intercultural communicative competences in Quechua and other indigenous languages of the country, it is necessary to consider the linguistic, sociolinguistic and pragmatic dimensions of such knowledge, as well as the cognitive, affective and attitudinal aspects, in a holistic way and having interculturality as the transverse axis.
El proceso de certificación de intérpretes en lengua de señas mexicana. Estándar de competencia EC1319
Authors: Rangel Romero Juan Carlos
Published: September 2024

The certification of labor competencies in Mexico promotes the evidence of performance by those who perform specific functions, showing the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities, regardless of the way in which they have perfected them. In this regard, a qualitative data analysis research was developed to recognize and establish relationships, interpret, extract meanings and conclusions about the competency standard EC1319, “Conference Interpretation of Mexican Sign Language <> Spanish”. Categories are built describing the patents to be demonstrated by the candidate, in which through defined exercises they recognize their knowledge, attitudes, abilities and skills of those who master Mexican Sign Language, who in correspondence with the correct use of oral and written Spanish, possess the conditions to confirm the purposes of each validation element. A correlational description of the indicators to be considered was obtained, which explains and allows the interested party to know the necessary faculties for the achievement of the process. It is suggested that this type of assessments open the opportunity to improve the living conditions of deaf people, as well as the labor conditions of the interpreters/translators guild.
Analysis of data types in "Comenius Logo"
Authors: Dagienė Valentina
Published: September 2024

This paper deals with two standpoint of data types in "Comenius Logo". The traditional one considers three kinds of "Comenius Logo" data structures: words, images, and lists. The modern standpoint pick out three mechanisms of forming and exploring data: primitive data (to represent basic entities of the program­ming languages); means of combination (to build compound data from simple ones); means of abstraction (to name compound objects and manipulate them as units). Some examples of developing new data are presented.
On identification methods of linear regression models
Authors: Salėtis Romualdas
Published: September 2024

The aim of this paper is to discus the efficiency of the least squares and least absolute values estimation methods, in such situations, then the sample is with outliers, the variance of the residuals changes in the time and the residuals are correlated. A range of different modifications of these methods in order to improve accuracy of the estimation is offend. All the discussed procedures are fulfilled in a PC by means of SAS (Statistical Analysis System).
Classification of points in 2-dimensional space based on realizations of Gaussian random fields
Authors: Šaltytė Jūratė , Dučinskas Kęstutis
Published: September 2024

There is not abstract.
A klímaváltozás turisztikai célú személyközlekedési szokásokra gyakorolt hatásainak vizsgálata
Authors: Ivanics Ferenc , Miskolczi Márk , Jászberényi Melinda , Kökény László , Keller Krisztina
Published: September 2024

A környezeti fenntarthatóság egyre hangsúlyosabb témakör valamennyi tudományterületi megközelítésben. A személyközlekedés, illetve a turisztikai célú helyváltoztatások ökológiai lábnyoma jelentős, emiatt elengedhetetlen a káros externáliák visszaszorítását elősegítő technológiai megoldások és változó fogyasztási mintázatok vizsgálata. Tanulmányunk egy szakirodalmi áttekintés keretében szintetizálja a klímaváltozást ellensúlyozó megoldásokat, feltörekvő trendeket és diszruptív személyközlekedési innovációkat. A szekunder kutatás ezáltal elősegíti a témakört érintő dilemmák rendszerezését, a szakpolitikai döntések előkészítését, valamint további, empirikus kutatások előkészítését.
Rokok elektrik dan tuberkulosis paru: sebuah tinjauan pustaka
Authors: Krisdanti I Desak Putu Agung , Ghosali Adelia
Published: September 2024

Background: Currently, the use of e-cigarettes has become a concern for the scientific community to research the health effects of e-cigarettes, other unknown components of e-cigarettes, the lack of international policy regarding quality control of e-cigarette production, and the impact on non-smokers. e-cigarette users, or people who already smoke and become dual users (tobacco cigarettes and e-cigarettes). This literature review attempts to discuss the relationship between e-cigarettes and the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis based on theoretical studies.
Methods: This literature review involves relevant literature on e-cigarettes and pulmonary tuberculosis. Different data sources or manual literature search methods were used to search for articles related to the literature topic.
Results: Nicotine in e-cigarettes can cause airway inflammation and increase the risk of susceptibility to bacterial infections, one of which is MTB infection. According to several studies, e-cigarette e-vapor interferes with the phagocytic function of THP-1 macrophages against MTB and is a promoter of pro-inflammatory responses. Cigarette smoke also affects phagocytic function and reduces effector cytokine responses (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8).
Conclusion: E-cigarette smoke can affect phagocytic function and reduce effector cytokine responses (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8), thereby increasing the risk of susceptibility to tuberculosis bacterial infection.
 
Latar Belakang: Dewasa ini penggunaan rokok elektrik telah menjadi perhatian oleh komunitas ilmiah untuk meneliti efek kesehatan dari rokok elektrik, komponen rokok elektrik lainnya yang belum diketahui pasti, rendahnya kebijakan internasional terkait kontrol kualitas dari produksi rokok elektrik, dan dampak pada orang yang bukan perokok menjadi pengguna rokok elektrik, atau pada orang yang sudah merokok menjadi dual-users (rokok tembakau dan rokok elektrik). Tinjauan pustaka ini mencoba membahas hubungan rokok elektrik dengan kejadian tuberkulosis paru berdasarkan kajian teoritis.
Metode: Tinjauan pustaka ini melibatkan literatur yang relevan tentang rokok elektrik dan tuberculosis paru. Sumber data yang berbeda atau metode pencarian literatur manual digunakan untuk mencari artikel yang berkaitan dengan topik literatur.
Hasil: Nikotin pada rokok elektrik dapat menyebabkan inflamasi saluran napas dan meningkatkan risiko kerentanan terhadap infeksi bakteri, salah satunya infeksi MTB. Menurut beberapa penelitian, e-vapor rokok elektrik mengganggu fungsi fagositik makrofag THP-1 terhadap MTB dan sebagai promotor respon proinflamasi. Asap rokok juga mempengaruhi fungsi fagositik dan mengurangi respons sitokin efektor (TNF-α, IL-1β, dan IL-8).
Simpulan: Asap rokok elektrik dapat mempengaruhi fungsi fagositik dan mengurangi respons sitokin efektor (TNF-α, IL-1β, dan IL-8) sehingga meningkatkan risiko kerentanan terhadap infeksi bakteri tuberkulosis.
Clinical correlation of CD4 count and dry eye disease (DED) severity among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients: A case study in Voluntary Counseling and Testing Clinic RSUP Prof Ngoerah, Bali
Authors: Wulansari Putu Ayu , Juliari I Gusti Ayu Made , Pramita Ida Ayu Ary
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Dry eye disease (DED) is a condition affecting the surface of the eye and the stability of tears, influenced by various factors. It has been documented as one of the most common ocular issues in the front segment among individuals with HIV, typically appearing in the later stages of the disease. The study sought to examine the clinical relationship between CD4 count and the severity of the condition.
Method: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional analysis within a hospital setting, involving 75 HIV-positive patients (140 eyes) aged between 18 and 50 years. These patients were referred to the ophthalmology clinic in the Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) center due to complaints related to ocular surface issues, and they were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent a thorough ophthalmological assessment, including the completion of a dry eye questionnaire, specifically the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), and measurement of tear film break-up time (TBUT).
 Results: The research revealed a notable moderate positive correlation between CD4 count and TBUT (r=0.509; p=0.005), and a negative correlation with OSDI score (r=-0.252, p=0.035). Significant differences were observed in CD4 count between mild and moderate dry eyes (p=0.005) as well as between mild and severe dry eyes (p=0.005). No significant difference was found between moderate and severe dry eyes (p=0.435). The severity of dry eye in HIV patients appears to vary across different clinical stages of the disease, coinfection statuses, and treatment histories, although these differences did not reach statistical significance in the results.
 Conclusion: A correlation exists between CD4 count and the severity of dry eye disease among HIV patients. HIV patients with lower CD4 counts are at a higher risk of developing severe dry eye disease.
Asma eksaserbasi akut dengan hipertensi urgensi dan obesitas: sebuah laporan kasus
Authors: Ni Putu Ditadiliyana Putri  , Windiyanto Romy
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the rapid and reversible narrowing of the airways. Various factors can influence exacerbations in asthma, and one of the comorbidities is obesity. Inflammation and compensatory mechanisms are related to the occurrence of urgent hypertension in patients with acute exacerbation of asthma, making the analysis and management of asthma exacerbation with comorbidities of obesity and urgent hypertension require special attention and consideration.
Case Presentation: This study reports a 17-year-old adolescent with a history of asthma experiencing an acute exacerbation. Comorbidities include obesity with a BMI of 34.6 kg/m2 and urgent hypertension with a blood pressure of 200/100 mmHg. Physical examination revealed wheezing in both lung fields and epigastric tenderness. Radiological examination, including chest X-ray, was within normal limits, while hematological examination showed neutrophilia (8.65 x 103/uL) and 81.4% neutrophil percentage. The patient experienced hypoglycemia (blood glucose of 75 mg/dL). Nebulized bronchodilator therapy with ipratropium bromide, albuterol sulfate, and budesonide corticosteroids was initiated, but respiratory distress persisted. Initial management included oxygenation, intravenous saline, and ranitidine injection, followed by intravenous maintenance fluid with D5 ½ NS, nebulized bronchodilators and corticosteroids, intravenous dexamethasone, intravenous ranitidine, and oral therapy with azithromycin, cetirizine, N-acetylcysteine, and bisoprolol. The patient underwent intensive care for two days with a total treatment duration of six days.
Conclusion: Asthma exacerbation with comorbidities of obesity and urgent hypertension requires holistic analysis and management to prevent complications and worsening exacerbations.
The relationship between individual characteristics and quality of life in patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) at Bali Mandara General Hospital
Authors: Pramana Putu Paramita Primadevi , Prapyatiningsih R. Yully
Published: September 2024

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most commonly found malignancy in the head and neck. NPC patients generally experience a decrease in quality of life. Currently, assessments of the quality of life of NPC patients and their relationship to individual characteristics are still rarely carried out. This study aims to determine the relationship between individual characteristics and the quality of life of NPC patients at Bali Mandara General Hospital.
Methods: This research is analytical observational with a cross sectional design conducted at Bali Mandara General Hospital in February - April 2024. The independent variables were age, gender, body surface area (BSA), stage, and type of treatment. Meanwhile, the dependent variable is the quality of life, which was assessed by the FACT-G questionnaire. It consists of physical, social/family, emotional, and functional well-being. Data analysis was done using SPSS 27 software. The data normality test was carried out by the Shapiro-Wilk test followed by the chi-square test. The relationship between the variables is significant if the value is ≤0.05.
Results: A total of 16 patients were involved in this study with an age range of 32-68 years and were dominated by men (70.6%) and stage > III (64.7%). The FACT-G score has a result range of 58-101, with the highest domain obtained in social/family well-being. It was found that BSA (p=0.006) and stage (p=0.018) had a significant relationship with the quality of life of NPC patients. Meanwhile, other individual profiles such as age (p=0.424), gender (p=0.551), and type of treatment (p=0.302) did not have a significant impact on the patient's quality of life.
Conclusion: BSA and disease stage were related to the quality of life of NPC patients. Identifying factors influencing the patient's quality of life will provide further considerations regarding NPC management.
Tuberkulosis paru pengobatan gagal pada kasus dewasa: laporan kasus
Authors: Krisnanda Made Yogi , Sriandari Luh Putu Feby , Darmayanti Sheila Gerhana
Published: September 2024

Background: Based on World Health Organization data, Indonesia is ranked second in terms of TB cases in the world. The health-related problem of Tuberculosis (TB) is also increasing, with Indonesia contributing 9.2 percent of the world's total population of TB cases. The number of cases of treatment failure of pulmonary TB at the Seririt I Community Health Center was 12.5%. TB treatment failure is a patient whose sputum examination results remain positive or return positive in the fifth month or more during the treatment period. The aim of this study is to explain about TB treatment failure in adult patient.
Case Description: We report a 34-year-old male patient with a case of pulmonary TB who has treatment failure at the Seririt I Community Health Center. The patient was diagnosed as treatment failure through a sputum examination in the 5th month, which showed that the sputum contained acid-fast bacteria, namely M. tuberculosis, and was confirmed by repeated Rapid Molecular Tests (TCM) and plain chest x-ray with negative results. The patient was treated by repeating category 1 anti-TB treatment with the 2HRZE/4HR regimen for six months.
Conclusion: TB treatment failure is caused by several risk factors. The risk factors that appear in this patient are indicated by the presence of cavities that appear in this patient.
 
Latar Belakang: Berdasarkan data WHO, Indonesia menempati peringkat kedua dalam kasus tuberkulosis (TB) terbanyak di dunia. Masalah kesehatan TB juga meningkat dengan Indonesia sebagai penyumbang 9,2% dari populasi total kasus TB dunia. Angka kasus TB paru gagal pengobatan pada Puskesmas Seririt I adalah 12,5%. TB gagal pengobatan merupakan pasien yang hasil pemeriksaan dahaknya tetap positif atau kembali menjadi positif pada bulan kelima atau lebih selama masa pengobatan. Laporan kasus ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan kasus TB paru pengobatan gagal pada kasus dewasa.
Deskripsi Kasus: Kami melaporkan seorang pasien laki-laki 34 tahun dengan kasus TB paru gagal pengobatan di Puskesmas Seririt I. Pasien terdiagnosis gagal pengobatan melalui pemeriksaan dahak pada bulan ke-5 yang menunjukan pada dahak terdapat bakteri taham asam yaitu M. tuberculosis dan dikonfirmasi dengan Tes Cepat Molekuler (TCM) ulang pada dan foto polos dada dengan hasil negatif. Pasien ditatalaksana dengan mengulangi pengobatan obat anti TB (OAT) kategori 1 dengan regimen 2HRZE/4HR selama enam bulan.
Kesimpulan: TB gagal pengobatan disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor resiko. Faktor resiko yang muncul pada pasien ini ditunjukan dengan adanya kavitas yang muncul pada pasien ini.
Effect of a verbatim instruction on earwitness recall
Authors: Hermant Morgan , Brunel Maïté , Przygodzki-Lionet Nathalie , Launay Céline , Mourato Antoine , Py Jacques
Published: September 2024

When tasked with recalling a heard conversation, most individuals are unable to remember specific details. In this study, we tested the effect of Verbatim Recall Instruction (VRI) at recall. Drawing on fuzzy-trace theory, we hypothesised that the use of VRI would lead earwitnesses to use their verbatim mnesic trace to produce a more detailed recall. We compared the quantity and the quality of 42 recalls from participants who had received the VRI or the Free Recall Instruction (FRI). We analysed the level of detail of participants’ recall along a fuzzy to verbatim continuum. Results showed that participants having received a VRI recalled information that was more correct and closer to the original phrasing. However, differences in procedure make the VRI difficult to compare with other studies. Methodological differences are accordingly discussed. Findings suggest that VRI encourages the recollection of verbatim traces, in turn benefiting the recall of detailed elements of a conversation. These findings support fuzzy-trace theory.
The efficacy of the Delphi method for adapting cognitive interviewing instructions into culturally and linguistically diverse international policing contexts
Authors: Muniroh R. Dian Dia-an , Heydon Georgina
Published: September 2024

In interviewing witnesses, the Cognitive Interviewing (CI) technique has become an international benchmark with the potential to significantly reduce coercive tactics in police interviews. However, this requires the adaptation of CI to new languages, cultures and legal systems. This article demonstrates that such adaptation is a more complex exercise than merely translating the training manuals. It proposes an evidence-based translation procedure known as the Delphi method using rounds of questionnaires with experts in relevant fields. It demonstrates transparently the process of adapting the CI instructions to non-English-speaking countries using an example from Indonesia. Importantly, the proposed method takes into account the pragma-linguistic context of police interviews in Indonesia. This article provides a road map for adapting investigative interviewing to culturally and linguistically diverse international communities required by the implementation of the 2021 United Nations Declaration of ‘The Principles on Effective Interviewing for Investigations and Information Gathering’.
Considering legal English
Authors: Griffin David
Published: September 2024

This article considers the nature of legal English and reviews the literature which is generally relied upon for its linguistic description. While agreeing that legal English can properly be considered a register, it suggests that the seeming consensus in the literature regarding the specific differences between it and other varieties of English rests upon much shakier ground than is generally acknowledged. After identifying the features of legal English which are generally said to define it most strongly as a register, this article presents the results of a small pilot study comparing the presence of those features in a little-studied legal genre to their presence in the written subcorpora of the Corpus of Contemporary American English. This article concludes with several suggestions for refining the current consensus and suggests a path towards a more empirically grounded description of legal English as a register.
Extracts of the Canadian goldenrod (Solidago Canadensis L.) – promising agents with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activity
Authors: Hrytsyk Yurii , Koshovyi Oleh , Hrytsyk Roman , Raal Ain
Published: September 2024

S. canadensis L. and S. virgaurea L. are the most common species of Solidago L. in Europe and with a long tradition of use in medicine for various therapeutic purposes: diseases of the urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, diabetes, allergies and antiseptic purposes. Therefore, the research of species of the Solidago genus, which have a rich content of natural BACs, and the development of new effective medicinal products of plant origin are relevant.
The aim. The method of work is the phytochemical and pharmacological study of extracts of the Canadian goldenrod herb, obtained by ethanol solutions of various concentrations, for the innovative perspective of creating new medicines based on them with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activity.
Materials and methods. The objects of the study were extracts of herb from Canadian goldenrod, obtained using purified water, 40 %, 70 % and 90 % ethanol. Phytochemical study of the extracts was performed by TLC and spectrophotometry. Study of acute toxicity, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activity of extracts was carried out according to standard methods.
Research results. A study of the phytochemical composition and pharmacological activity of extracts of herb from Canadian goldenrod obtained with different solvents. It was established that extracts of herb from Canadian goldenrod show anti-inflammatory activity. The most pronounced antiexudative activity is shown by the extract of the Canadian goldenrod herb (extractant - 40 % ethanol), reducing the degree of swelling by 24.77 %. Herb extracts from from Canadian goldenrod in acute toxic liver damage show moderate hepatoprotective activity, which is somewhat inferior to the comparative drug "Silibor". A more intense and effective effect on the hepatobiliary system was shown by the extract of the Canadian goldenrod herb (extractant - 40 % ethanol).
Conclusions. The perspective of creation based on herb of Canadian goldenrod new drugs with hepatoprotective activity. The most promising substance turned out to be an extract of herb from Canadian goldenrod obtained with a 40 % ethanol solution.
Legal regulation of rehabilitation assistance to military personnel during martial law
Authors: Ivakhnenko Oleksandr , Novykov Oleksandr , Glushchenko Andrii
Published: September 2024

The scientific article delves into the legal regulation of rehabilitation assistance to military personnel during martial law. The research, aimed at establishing the legal basis for providing rehabilitation assistance to military personnel during martial law, is underpinned by a robust methodological basis. The research methods employed are not only general scientific but also special legal, including theoretical-legal, formal-dogmatic, and comparative-legal methods. This thorough approach instills confidence in the validity of the research.
The results of the research consist in determining the legal basis for providing rehabilitation assistance to military personnel. It has been established that the legal regulation of providing rehabilitation assistance to military personnel is carried out by such Laws of Ukraine as "Basics of Ukrainian legislation on health care," "On rehabilitation in the field of health care," "On social and legal protection of military personnel and their family members." The specifics of providing rehabilitation assistance to military personnel during martial law are determined. It has been established that the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine’s structure includes a network of centers for medical rehabilitation and sanatorium-resort treatment of military personnel. It has been found that rehabilitation assistance for military personnel can occur in rehabilitation institutions and healthcare institutions with rehabilitation departments, subordinated to the Ministry of Health of Ukraine or other ministries. The legal grounds for sending military personnel to provide rehabilitation in foreign healthcare institutions have been analyzed. It is indicated that the decision to send military personnel to a rehabilitation institution for rehabilitation assistance is made based on the conclusion of the military medical commission. The importance of the existing state target program for providing rehabilitation assistance to defenders of Ukraine is emphasized.
A conclusion was drawn on the necessity of enshrining a separate section in the Law of Ukraine, "On Rehabilitation in the Field of Health Care," dedicated to the specifics of the rehabilitation of military, injured in hostilities.
Wielowymiarowość niepowodzeń edukacyjnych – perspektywa dydaktyczna
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Polska, Karpińska Anna
Published: September 2024

The paper focuses on educational failure, exposing its multidimensional nature. The author’s thesis is that it is an implication of many circumstances that shape the image and place of failure in educational systems. The subject of analysis was the persistent and even increasing size of school delays, especially on the mega-scale. Attention was paid to the ambiguity of understanding the “school failure” and its types. An important impetus for considering the multidimensionality of educational failure from a didactic perspective became the observed transformations in educational philosophy and the accompanying complex conditions of the educational process in the 21st century, including modern technologies, humanisation of educational interactions, parallelism, and permanence of education. They prompt a reinterpretation of “school failure”. Moreover, the paper shows the pejorative consequences of failure, including suicidal thoughts and acts. The specific dimension of failures in the form of their peculiar “inheritance” through successive educational stages was also signaled. The article is part of the current of activities aimed at restoring school failure to its proper rank in scientific research and theoretical reflection, as well as in teacher education and training programmes.
Teatr „Łejery” – edukacja przez sztukę na przykładzie działalności Szkoły Podstawowej nr 83 im. Emilii Waśniowskiej w Poznaniu (wybrane problemy)
Authors:   Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Polska, Sadowska Katarzyna
Published: September 2024

Primary School No. 83 Emilia Waśniowska in Poznań is known in Poland as “Łejery”. It is a unique institution in the country because, although it is a “systemic” school, it implements its educational programme through art, is based on selected assumptions of non-directive pedagogy, and the main educational means at the school is broadly understood theatre. The subject of the author’s study is to present the theatre operating at Primary School No. 83. “Łejery” in Poznań as a means of comprehensive education for children and young adolescents. The author, based on sources (websites, sources evoked – interviews with Jerzy Hamerski) and observations made from September 1 to December 22, 2023, as well as the literature on the subject, considers education at Primary School No. 83 in Poznań, presents the figure the founder of the Poznań “Łejery”, and analyses the ways of using theatre in the education process of children and youth attending the described school.
Wyzwania dla bezpieczeństwa psychicznego nauczycieli w miejscu pracy – badania pilotażowe w gminie Strzelin
Authors:   Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polska, Dębowski Tomasz R. , Miszewski Michał Lubicz ,   Akademia Wojsk Lądowych im. Generała Tadeusza Kościuszki, Polska
Published: September 2024

The study aims to show how teachers’ interactions with students, parents or legal guardians, and colleagues in the workplace affect educators’ sense of psychological safety. To this end, the survey and in-depth interviews were carried out among teachers of public educational institutions in the municipality of Strzelin (in the Lower Silesian Province). A noticeable scarcity of studies on the aggressive acts directed against educators and their consequences was the inspiration to undertake them. Publications on increasing the levels of physical, psychological, sexual, and economic aggression among students are much more common. The obtained research results show that many teachers feel “left behind” in the face of the aggression they experience, expressing the view that they cannot count on help and understanding from either the Ministry of Education and Science or their immediate superiors. Furthermore, the measurements showed that educators need to be more adequately assimilated knowledge of the legal protection to which they are entitled and are also unaware of ministerial initiatives to provide psychological support for teachers. The conducted pilot study argues in favour of the desirability of pursuing subsequent in-depth research addressing the issue of teachers’ psychological safety.
Kultura off-roadu w perspektywie funkcjonowania hybrydalnego
Authors:   Akademia Łomżyńska, Polska, Modzelewska Olga
Published: September 2024

Life in the modern world has shifted to some extent in the functioning of individuals in many areas. This paper focuses mainly on such spheres as communication, tracking and sharing information, and sport-related cultures, which take on a new meaning in the hybrid reality. These fields combine to create and enable a new type of human interaction. Reporting, commenting, or posting information on sports achievements is not a novelty, but currently this state of affairs is significantly gaining in importance and expanding to tracking information about the private life and functioning of people practicing various sports disciplines. Cultures that have developed around various physical activities are much more able to expand and promote a particular sport by publishing information in the digital space. It is particularly important in relation to disciplines that are not popular or are extreme or high-budget sports. Thanks to the presence of these activities in the virtual space, it is possible to promote, disseminate them, and gain a larger group of enthusiasts.
Komunikacja w kulturze japońskiego kolektywizmu – wybrane koncepty
Authors:   Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polska, Pilarska Justyna
Published: September 2024

Japan is one of the most ethnically homogeneous countries in the world. Although there is an indigenous minority Ainu ethnic group from Hokkaido Prefecture and indigeneous inhabitants of the Riukiu (Okinawa) archipelago, the Japanese communally share the core values that form the core of their sense of cultural and national identity. Hall and Hofstede’s concepts provide a reference point for the present reflections on specific aspects of the Japanese cultural code, encompassing the sociological and psychological concepts of uchi-soto, honne-tatemae, and wa. Awareness of the role the Japanese attribute to social harmony helps sensitise the unique communicative culture of the Japanese and, under certain circumstances, to break down cultural barriers. Internalising this attitude can help a non- Japanese demonstrate proper social etiquette and maintain communicative harmony. My own experience of experiencing cultural difference in Japan from the perspective of a woman, a European, and a Polish researcher, provided a direct impetus to analyse the underlying cultural concepts that underlie Japanese communicative culture, as well as the perception of the dichotomy of Self versus the Other.
Splot kultur, splot obrazów. Fotograficzna „tkanina” pamięci Dinh Q. Lê
Authors:   Uniwersytet Łódzki, Polska, Lipiński Kamil
Published: September 2024

The paper aims to present the issues of post-memory arising from the photographic and video art works of Dinh Q Lę. The specific technique used by the American-Vietnamese artist can be described as “fabric” due to the post-media processing in the form of interwoven photographic strips connected to create an innovative combination dedicated to the connections between East and West, the sacred and the profane, and colour contrasts. Deconstruction of the initial material creates unconventional iconographic combinations that blur the clear meanings recorded in the image, with the aim of their secondary reconfiguration, often marked by traumatic war events. The peculiar form of expression seems to reflect the dynamics of a complex form, ambiguity, and allusion, which is no longer just an automatic reproduction of reality, but a creative field of transformations, weaving, entanglement of threads overlapping various spheres of reference, animation of the meanings of words transformed into moving images that reflect them. The subject of the considerations outlined in this article is an exhibition entitled Dinh Q.Lę. Le fil de la mémoire et autres photographs organised between February 8 and November 20, 2022 at the Musée de Quai Branly.
Październik 1956 roku w Wyższej Szkole Ekonomicznej w Sopocie i Wyższej Szkole Pedagogicznej w Gdańsku
Authors:   Uniwersytet Gdański, Bień Dominik
Published: September 2024

The Higher School of Economics in Sopot and the Higher School of Pedagogy in Gdansk were universities established just after World War II and strongly ideologized in the 1950s. The purpose of this article is to reconstruct the events that took place during the October transition at both universities and also to identify the changes these events led to at party meetings. The introduction discusses the history of the WSE in Sopot and the WSE in Gdansk from the time of their establishment until 1956 and outlines the elements of ideological pressure applied to employees and students. An analysis of the minutes of university bodies (staff meetings, Senates) and party bodies at the universities (POP and KU PZPR) and above the universities (KM PZPR in Sopot, KW PZPR in Gdansk), memoirs of students and employees, and newspaper articles were used to achieve the goal. The changes that took place at the universities were primarily concerned with democratization, greater openness in discussion (while remaining faithful to broad Marxist ideology), changes in the conceptual instrumentarium and criticism of both the USSR and national and university authorities. Virtually all groups comprising the WSE and WSP academic community were involved in the 1956 changes, albeit to varying degrees and in different forms. Employees were more involved at meetings of university and party committees, while students were involved at rallies and in the forums of youth organizations.
“Smart drugs,” Gender, and the Rhetorical Turning
Authors: Maddalena Kate
Published: September 2024

This article uses the example of nootropics—a flexible term that capitalizes on the flexibility of the brain—as a category to describe how seemingly oppositional tropes, or turns, can occupy the same rhetorical topos, or space, and produce distinct ethos, political identity, and commitment within that space. It considers two dialectical, gendered tropes in nootropic discourse. The tropes are a falsely binary and highly problematic set of subjectivities, a Gothic masculine and an ostensible Gothic feminine. These two tropes exemplify how rhetorics of wellness produce identities whose turnings towards a politics does not map cleanly onto electoral politics or even identity politics in the US and Canada.
Differentiating between Iconic Mindbombs and Incongruous Mindbombs Using Pentadic Ratios in the Defacing of Priceless Art in Environmental Activism
Authors: Kice Brent
Published: September 2024

This essay applies environmental activist Robert Hunter’s conception of mindbombs to recent environmental activists throwing tomato soup, throwing mashed potatoes, and smearing paint on Van Gogh’s, Monet’s, and Degas’s works of art. Hunter’s mindbombs align with Hariman’s and Lucaites’s (2003; 2007; 2016; 2018) iconic photography while the defacing of priceless works of art adhere to Burke’s (1954) grotesque perspective by incongruity. In turn, iconic mindbombs relied on Burke’s (1969a) scene-purpose pentadic ratio, while incongruous mindbombs rely on Burke’s scene-act pentadic ratio. 
BCCDC / ARTIC Mpox V2.3.4 2500bp amplicon generation and NGS v1
Authors: Lam Anthea , Kent Chris , not provided michael.chan , O'Dwyer Alan , M Eacrett Jorja , Lee Tracy , Tsang Frankie , Newman Tara , Fornika Dan , Prystajecky Natalie , Zlosnik James , Jassem Agatha , Quick Josh , Tyson John
Published: September 2024

This procedure provides instructions on how to generate amplicons and NGS data for the near whole genome of Mpox. Illumina, Oxford Nanopore or other NGS sequencing platforms can all be utilized if amplicon specific library preparations and platform specific bioinformatic analysis pipelines are available. We detail specific use of a modified Illumina DNA prep library preparation and the analysis pipelines using the generated data in this protocol. The BCCDC / ARTIC V2.3.4 Mpox WGS 2500bp primer scheme was optimized to match and efficiently generate data from the global 2022 West African clade outbreak. The MPV_3000_1_Left to MPV_3000_79_Right primers tile the near whole genome of the Mpox virus. Since the first and last ~6500bp of the Mpox genome (ITR) are usually identical, the last ~6500bp of the genome is masked out on the reference genome to simplify analysis using short read Illumina data. The resulting ITR regions thus represent a consensus ITR combining the amplification products from the dual ITR primer binding sites. For specific ITR region sequence information the use of unique external primer binding sites is required along with removal of all but one common internal ITR binding site to generate specific region spanning PCR products. These products can then be sequenced using Nanopore long read sequencing, see here for some candidate primer combinations (MPV_3000_4_RIGHT, MPV_3000_80_LEFT, and MPV_3000_1_LEFT), to provide specific ITR region sequences. This approach was used to generate the BCCDCmpx2 sequence (available on GISAID, EPI_ISL_13351002) which used both Oxford Nanopore and Illumina data to fully sequence the individual ITR regions and repeat regions refractory to short read technologies alone. The sample PCRs are performed in two pools before being combined for library preparation in order to minimize primer interactions and allow near complete coverage tiling of the Mpox genome. Sequences for the primers and locations on reference genomes can be found in the Materials section tables as well as linked file locations and here. Effort were made to increase sequencing efficiency / genome coverage for a given amount of generated sequence data by performing a number of rounds of primer pair concentration re-balancing in the PCR primer pools (Figure 1.). The primer amounts for V2.3.4 are detailed in this protocol and Materials section.