bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Standard Galactic Field RR Lyrae. I. Optical to Mid-infrared Phased Photometry
Authors: Monson Andrew J. , Beaton Rachael L. , Scowcroft Victoria , Freedman Wendy L. , Madore Barry F. , Rich Jeffrey A. , Seibert Mark , Kollmeier Juna A. , Clementini Gisella
Published: February 2017

We present a multi-wavelength compilation of new and previously published photometry for 55 Galactic field RR Lyrae variables. Individual studies, spanning a time baseline of up to 30 years, are self-consistently phased to produce light curves in 10 photometric bands covering the wavelength range from 0.4 to 4.5 microns. Data smoothing via the GLOESS technique is described and applied to generate high-fidelity light curves, from which mean magnitudes, amplitudes, rise times, and times of minimum and maximum light are derived. 60,000 observations were acquired using the new robotic Three-hundred MilliMeter Telescope (TMMT), which was first deployed at the Carnegie Observatories in Pasadena, CA, and is now permanently installed and operating at Las Campanas Observatory in Chile. We provide a full description of the TMMT hardware, software, and data reduction pipeline. Archival photometry contributed approximately 31,000 observations. Photometric data are given in the standard Johnson UBV, Kron–Cousins

, 2MASS JHK, and Spitzer [3.6] and [4.5] bandpasses.
Measurements of Solar Differential Rotation and Meridional Circulation from Tracking of Photospheric Magnetic Features
Authors: A. Lamb Derek
Published: February 2017

Long-lived rotational and meridional flows are important ingredients of the solar cycle. Magnetic field images have typically been used to measure these flows on the solar surface by cross-correlating thin longitudinal strips or square patches across sufficiently long time gaps. Here, I use 1 month of SDO/HMI line-of-sight magnetic field observations, combined with the Southwest Automatic Magnetic Identification Suite magnetic feature-tracking code to measure the motion of individual features in these magnetograms. By controlling for perturbations due to short-lived flows and due to false motions from feature interactions, I effectively isolate the long-lived flows traced by the magnetic features. This allows me to produce high-resolution (2° bins) differential rotation measurements with well-characterized variances and covariances of the fit parameters. I find a sidereal rotational profile of (14.296 ± 0.006) + (−1.847 ± 0.056)sin2
b + (−2.615 ± 0.093) sin4
b, with units of deg day−1, and a large covariance σ

BC

2 = −4.87 × 10−3(deg day−1)2. I also produce measurements of the much weaker meridional flow that are broadly consistent with previous results. These measurements exhibit a peak flow of 16.7 ± 0.6 m s−1 at latitude b = 45° but are insufficiently characterized at higher latitudes to ascertain whether the chosen functional form

is appropriate. This work demonstrates that measuring the motions of individual features in photospheric magnetograms can produce high-precision results in relatively short time spans, and suggests that high-resolution non-longitudinally averaged photospheric velocity residual measurements could be produced to compare with coronal results and to provide other diagnostics of the solar dynamo.
Pogostost in obseg požarov v naravi na Krasu in v slovenski Istri // The frequency and extent of wildfires on the Kras and in Slovenian Istria
Authors: Veble Diana , Brečko Grubar Valentina
Published: February 2017

Kras in slovenska Istra, ki sta del Kraškega gozdnogospodarskega območja sta poznana po pogostih požarih v naravnem okolju. Prispevek predstavlja rezultate raziskave o pogostosti požarov v naravi v obdobju 1995–2012, njihovi razporeditvi po mesecih ter o obsegu opožarjenih zemljišč. Ugotovili smo, da so bila leta z nadpovprečnim številom požarov pogostejša v zadnjem desetletju, da je mesec z največ požari marec ter da v letih z največ požari niso nujno najobsežnejša tudi opožarjena zemljišča. Za leta z največ požari in največjim obsegom opožarjenih zemljišč smo pregledali vremenske razmere ter ugotovili, da so bila to leta s podpovprečno količino padavin in daljšimi sušnimi obdobji.The Kras and Slovenian Istria, which are both within the “Kras forest management area”, are known for frequent fires in nature. The study presents the results of a research into the frequency of wildfires from 1995 through 2012, their occurrence by months, and the extent of burnt areas. It was discovered that the years with the above-average number of fires are more numerous in the last decade; that March is the month with the greatest number of fires; and that the years with the most extensive burnt areas do not necessarily coincide with the years with the greatest number of wildfires. Weather conditions were surveyed for the years with the greatest occurrence of fires and those with the largest extent of the burnt areas. It was established that these were the years with below-average precipitation and longer dry periods.
In Sight of Mont Blanc: an Approach to Ruskin’s Perception of the Mountain
Authors: Roussillon-Constanty Laurence
Published: February 2017

Dans sa biographie, Praeterita, John Ruskin décrit son premier aperçu des Alpes comme "not only the revelation of the beauty of the earth, but the opening of the first page of its volume" (XXXV. 116), établissant d’emblée un lien entre expérience et écriture, appréhension physique et méditation poétique, spectacle naturel et interprétation symbolique. Grand admirateur de Wordsworth, il prend soin par la suite de faire précéder chaque section de Modern Painters d’extraits de The Excursion, se faisant ainsi l’héritier d’une tradition romantique pour laquelle la montagne est le lieu privilégié de l’expression du sujet lyrique et le reflet d’une intériorité sans cesse en mouvement. Au fil de la plume, et à mesure que les découvertes géologiques et scientifiques nourrissent sa pensée, Ruskin s’éloigne cependant du romantisme et offre la vision d’un paysage déchiré, miroir d’une société en criseDans cette présentation, il s’agira d’analyser la façon dont Ruskin aborde la montagne sous un angle esthétique, mais également scientifique. A travers quelques exemples concrets d’esquisses et de descriptions de tableaux de Claude ou de Turner, nous verrons comment le regard du critique évolue et produit une vision changeante de la montagne, de simple objet d’étude à véritable métaphore de l’être humain
More than Mounts the Eye: Coleridge, Byron, De Quincey
Authors: Porée Marc
Published: February 2017

Le premier pan de cet article est consacré à une lecture de "Hymn Before Sun-rise, in the vale of Chamouni" (1802), de S. T. Coleridge, poème composé non pas d’après nature, comme tant d’autres paysages de montagnes romantiques, mais sur le Scafell, montagne anglaise de la région des Lacs. Gêné par la disproportion trop voyante qui existait entre ses sentiments exaltés et "nos humbles montagnes", Coleridge reniait ces dernières et leur préférait la recréation imaginaire du Mont Blanc sublime. Thomas De Quincey fait le cheminement inverse dans Recollections of the Lakes and the Lake Poets (1838-1840), lorsqu’il affirme que ces "humbles montagnes", peuplées de montagnards humbles mais d’une grande force morale, bien qu’ayant la préférence de Wordsworth, méritent toute l’attention critique possible.Les deux parties devraient converger autour de la question suivante: pourquoi les romantiques de la première génération ont-ils dû de façon répétée repousser les accusations de modération et d’esprit de clocher, quand il n’était que trop évident de voir que le rang éminent de leurs productions dépassait de loin la prétendue "humilité" de leur cadre indigène ?
Ideas clash on the mountain tops : politique de la montagne et sentiment national dans l’Ecosse du vingtième siècle
Authors: Manfredi Camille
Published: February 2017

This paper proposes tο explore the multiple deflections of the mountain motif in a selection of poems, novels and performances by Scottish artists from the first literary renaissance to the present. From Walter Scott’s romantic Highland scenery and Ossian’s blue crests, the mountain has always been a powerful symbol in Scottish literature. But as early as in the 1930s, it became crucial to renew Scotland’s self-image and break from the outdated regional paradigms inherited from the past. For the poets of the first literary renaissance such as Hugh MacDiarmid, Iain Crichton Smith, Sorley MacLean and Norman MacCaig, a piece of "real Scotland" may have survived on the mountain tops. It is the case in the Cuillins of Skye where Scotland’s wild cry or wild poem can sometimes be heard, provided the poet deserve it. Either a vertical frontier or an ontological model, the mountain came to stand as the key to eternal Scotland, the key also to a long-awaited spiritual awakening, as in Nan Shepherd’s The Living Mountain (1977) or Angus Farquhar’s recent environmental artwork. While looking at the ways in which the mountain stands as the elevated starting point of a new national imagination, the paper will eventually be concerned with the works of several contemporary poet-climbers and performers. Can the mountain, in devolutionary Scotland, remain the same cultural synecdoche it served as throughout the twentieth century?
La Représentation de la montagne dans la littérature anglaise d’inspiration religieuse au XVIIe siècle
Authors: Breteau Jean-Louis
Published: February 2017

In all religions throughout the world, the mountain has always been represented as a privileged place, where the divine touches the terrestrial. In many countries or regions there are one or several "sacred mount(s)" where the Godhead is supposed to dwell and towards which one needs to turn oneself in order to find salvation. This is notoriously the case throughout the Bible in both the Ancient and the New Testaments, although some ambivalence can be identified in the symbolic value of the mountain which proves to be either a place of divine revelation or of spiritual contest. The Christian mystics down from Gregory of Nyssa to John of the Cross take this double dimension on board. So do the English metaphysical poets, in particular George Herbert and John Donne, as well as the puritan author of The Pilgrim’s Progress
Le Paris d’Hemingway : une question de style
Authors: Mallier Clara
Published: February 2017

Hemingway’s representation of Paris in The Sun Also Rises and A Moveable Feast has held many a reader in thrall. It steers clear of traditional description as the author prefers to "make" the city rather than "describe" it. This article analyzes Hemingway’s style in the light of this enigmatic aesthetic statement. The author’s idiosyncratic syntax tends to blur the semantic frontiers between juxtaposed words, and his use of repetition enhances the musicality of sentences, which constitutes the city as an object of experience rather than of mere significance. The author also favors vague subjective adjectives over precise descriptive terms, which elicits the reader’s active participation in building an image of Paris. Finally, in The Sun Also Rises the narrator presents streets, cafés and restaurants as familiar places instead of introducing them for the benefit of the (unknowledgeable) implied reader; this closes the cognitive gap between narrator and reader, thus imparting greater immediacy to the latter’s sense of the city.
Walt Whitman, passant moderne
Authors: Athenot Eric
Published: February 2017

This article considers the major part played by the city in Leaves of Grass. Starting from an analysis of Whitman’s departure from the Romantic poets’ approach to the urban environment it charts the poems’ progress through various cities and examines the poet’s susceptibility to the language of the working men of Manhattan as the catalyst of his poetic revolution. Elaborating on Baudelaire’s flâneur, the paper finally discusses Whitman’s concept of modernity through an evocation of Manhattan—the city of which the persona of "Song of Myself” proudly calls himself the son—as the idealised territory of a textual democracy in which the reader is made the poet’s equal through an erotics of reading that owes everything to this poetry’s urban origins.
Kingdom Come by Ballard: The Stricken City
Authors: Terrien Nicole
Published: February 2017

Que votre règne arrive de J. G. Ballard continue la tradition de la dystopie mise en place par Huxley puis Orwell. Le schéma de la quête d’un héros perdu dans un paysage urbain sert à faire parcourir au lecteur un itinéraire initiatique où détails réalistes et transformations littéraires soulignent l’émergence d’une nouvelle culture, dans laquelle l’individu perd ses repères. Saturé de références à l’histoire et à la littérature des années trente, le texte transforme la perception immédiate du réel et se pose en espace de réflexion sur les débats refusés par les instances politiques officielles. L’esthétique de la violence ne définit pas seulement l’ordre politique dénoncé, mais caractérise aussi le mode opératoire du roman qui, à travers les mises en scènes de moments disjoints et le choix d’un vocabulaire décalé, oblige le lecteur à s’interroger sur l’espace dans lequel il vit. Tel un microscope, le roman donne à voir l’espace de la banlieue comme un gigantesque "incubateur" de nouveaux pathogènes, observés à dessein par les pouvoirs politiques qui se croient à l’abri de la contagion. La multiplication des voix couvre le silence des masses agissantes : la dénonciation politique est rendue effective par la constante adéquation entre fond et forme qui donne à ce roman la force des grands textes.
New York, le désespoir du peintre dans The American Scene
Authors: Salati Marie-Odile
Published: February 2017

The modern city of New York, visited after a twenty-year absence, did not only come as a sentimental and cultural shock to the Europeanized novelist; it simply shattered his long-standing literary credos. The chaotic welter of impressions, as well as the substitution of uniform expressionless skyscrapers for the picturesque vestiges of the past under the pressure of the economic law, make the megalopolis an eminently non pictorial object and the task of the painter of life an impossible one. Since artistic composition is ruled out, the writer undertakes to capture epiphanic moments of acute perception, when a pattern of meaning suddenly looms out of the prevailing confusion, revealing the essence of the city. In order to convey the overriding impression of intense life going on, he adapts his technique to the object under observation, availing himself of all the resources provided by the materiality of language and by the capacity for compression afforded by metaphor, thus transmuting discordance into art.
Du port du turban à l’arbitrage religieux : les limites du multiculturalisme canadien comme projet de société
Authors: Tolazzi Sandrine
Published: February 2017

Since it was adopted as government policy in 1971, Canadian multiculturalism has always tried to steer between the need to respect the different communities living in the country and the necessity of maintaining unity. Thus, it is both a policy of recognition which aims at promoting difference and a policy of integration at the heart of a societal project based on developing a pan-Canadian identity. However, in the post-9/11 context, the fragile balance between these two aspects of the aforementioned policy seems to be increasingly threatened. While some may question its principles on the account that they are a menace to an "ideal" homogeneity, others would like it to be further enforced even though it might increase differences between the groups. Therefore, multiculturalism is being faced with new challenges, among which the debate on the possibility of using Islamic law in the arbitration of family matters is only one example. Drawing from such examples, this article comments on the limits of multiculturalism as an instrument of social cohesion and shows how the flexibility of the policy makes it possible to deal with these challenges
"Not At Home in Her Own Skin": Jamaica Kincaid, History and Selfhood
Authors: Marquis Claudia
Published: February 2017

Jamaica Kincaid s’indigne que l’indépendance n’ait pas fait grande différence pour Antigua. Ses romans ne sont pas explicitement politiques mais ils retracent les luttes qui ont contribué à façonner la communauté nationale. Ils mettent en lumière la persistance du racisme et d’une mentalité coloniale qui provoque la colère de la romancière
Benang by Kim Scott: from Divergence to Convergence?
Authors: Selles Colette
Published: February 2017

Dans Benang, Kim Scott met en scène Harley, son protagoniste blanc de peau mais d’origine aborigène, dans sa tentative de se positionner par rapport à son double héritage. Le roman retrace la reconstruction d’une continuité avec la culture aborigène, en même temps qu’une déconstruction de la politique raciste caractérisée par la violation des droits des autochtones, par l’élimination des populations aborigènes, notamment par leur assimilation biologique et culturelle dans la société australienne blanche. Les mesures d’absorption sont traitées avec inventivité: ainsi, le processus d’élévation sociale des Aborigènes est évoqué par des images de dérive et de lévitation. La fin du roman offre un signe d’espoir pour l’avenir : un espoir de convergence entre Australiens aborigènes et non aborigènes, dans un avenir qui se démarque d’un passé d’oppression et de souffrance.
Strong Women among ‘The Defenseless Christians’ : la place des femmes dans les romans mennonites Sweeter than all the World de Rudy Wiebe et A Complicated Kindness de Miriam Toews
Authors: Omhovère Claire
Published: February 2017

Rudy Wiebe (b. 1934) and Miriam Toews (b. 1964) embody two generations of Mennonite writing in Canada. Although their works differ greatly in terms of style and content, both have written novels reflecting on the place of women in Mennonite society and their submission to patriarchal authority. This article proposes an analysis of Wiebe’s Sweeter than All the World and Toews’s A Complicated Kindness centering on the stylistic and generic strategies each novel deploys to address the topos of female victimhood. Wiebe relies on pathos to test the limits of sentimentalism and involve his readers in a community of feeling. As for Toews, she aims her wry humor at the unique apartness of the Mennonite community, using the incongruous as a discursive weapon to instill a sense of solidarity with the displaced and the marginal. Both novels are consequently fully resonant with the anxieties of a national culture that endeavors to conjugate within the same space the claims of its minorities with the ethical aspirations of an increasingly diverse majority.
Les représentations filmiques de Marie Stuart– Une femme de pouvoir dans l’air du temps
Authors: Dubois-Nayt Armel
Published: February 2017

This paper examines three cinematic portrayals of Mary Queen of Scots, the first by John Ford in 1936, the second by Charles Jarrott in 1972 and the last by Gillies MacKinnon in 2004. It starts by focusing on the way the Scottish Queen is depicted as a Catholic ruler who had to deal with the Scottish Reformation and the civil strife it entailed. These cinematic representations are considered in the wider scope of Marian myth-making as it developed in the sixteenth century with the aim of showing that until recently cinema has merely harped on the tropes found in her early modern detractors and defenders. This essay then moves on to argue that despite this reproduction of dated opinions, Mary Queen of Scots in these three films is an icon for the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. In the case of the first two films studied, it appears that she is used to illustrate the debates triggered by the women’s suffrage movement and the women’s liberation movement. In the third film, I contend that the characterization of the Queen of Scots is heavily influenced by the cultural phenomenon of the "girl power" that appeared in the mid-late 1990s. It is therefore only with the three waves of feminism in mind that one can fully comprehend how these films construct gender.
Marge’s Private Conflict in The Simpsons : A Linguistic Analysis
Authors: Virdis Daniela Francesca
Published: February 2017

L’identité féminine de Marge Simpson, un des personnages principaux de la série télévisée d’animation américaine Les Simpson, est construite sur un conflit privé : elle souffre de l’opposition entre deux situations simultanées mais incompatibles, c’est-à-dire entre son désir d’incarner une femme au foyer, épouse et mère idéale d’un côté, et de l’autre la nature et le comportement bizarres de son mari, de ses enfants et de ses voisins. Dans cet article, j’analyse l’épisode pilote (1989) de la série télévisée, en particulier la scène où Marge écrit une lettre de vœux pour Noël aux amis de la famille, et où son conflit privé est le plus remarquable ; mon étude se fonde sur les cadres théoriques et les méthodologies de la linguistique féministe et des études féministes sur les médias. Bien que la construction linguistique d’une famille modèle que Marge propose dans le texte de sa lettre soit démentie au niveau visuel et au niveau du discours dans la scène, son autoreprésentation linguistique comme un personnage féminin traditionnel n’est pas complètement niée par les signaux paralinguistiques et non linguistiques dans la même scène. En effet, bien qu’ils soient stéréotypiques, et bien qu’ils soient aussi parodiés dans la série télévisée, les traits de caractère de Marge contribuent à représenter la femme non pas comme le chef d’une famille parfaite, mais comme un personnage féminin positif et constructif.
Women, Power and Conflict: The Gothic heroine and "Chocolate-box Gothic"
Authors: Horner Avril
Published: February 2017

Cet article parcourt une ligne qui va du dix-huitième siècle au présent. On y soutiendra que l’un des caractères principaux des romans gothiques écrits par des auteurs féminins est l’accent qui y est placé sur la prise et la perte d’autonomie chez les femmes. On y observera la manière dont les auteurs féminins ont utilisé l’inquiétante étrangeté et l’abjection afin de soulever des problèmes concernant l’égalité des droits et d’interroger les constructions culturelles du corps de la femme et de ses désirs. Une attention particulière y sera portée aux fictions gothiques de la fin du vingtième siècle et du début du vingt-et-unième siècle écrites par des femmes. On en conclura cependant que nombre de romans gothiques à succès publiés récemment, lesquels sont principalement destinés à un public féminin (la série "Twilight" de Stephenie Meyer, par exemple), véhiculent un programme post-féministe et néo-conservateur. Ce programme est en adéquation avec les valeurs du corporatisme mondial. Il en résulte des fictions consolatrices plutôt que déstabilisantes, réactionnaires plutôt que provocatrices. Aussi les décrira-t-on le plus justement par le terme de ‘Chocolate-box Gothic’.
Nevada’s Non-Anglo European Immigrants And Their Interpreters In Contemporary American Fiction
Authors: Rio David
Published: February 2017

Cet article étudie, dans le contexte de l’état du Nevada, l’importance grandissante des immigrants d’origine non anglo-européenne à l’intérieur de la fiction américaine contemporaine : il faut y lire une conscience accrue de la condition multiculturelle de l’Ouest. En effet, la plupart des œuvres de fiction récentes situées dans le Nevada décrivent avec succès les formes hybrides interculturelles et multilingues qu’adopte le nouvel Ouest américain, tel qu’il apparaît spécifiquement dans les romans et les nouvelles écrits par des auteurs d’origine ethnique. Nous nous attacherons particulièrement aux écrivains américains d’origine basque qui sont les principaux acteurs dans la remarquable explosion des fictions ethniques au Nevada au cours des soixante dernières années. Nous montrerons que Robert Laxalt, Monique Urza et Frank Bergon complexifient les notions traditionnelles d’altérité, de centre et de marginalité dans la littérature de l’Ouest américain.
L’archipel des Antilles, terres d’Amérique ? : la nouvelle "New Frontier" et ses implications
Authors: Davidas Lionel
Published: February 2017

"America to the Americans." For years and years, that phrase conveying the spirit of the "Monroe doctrine" has been periodically evoked to justify the United States’ expansionist and interventionist designs in this region. But is the West Indian archipelago a mere outpost of continental America or a distinct entity that circumscribes what Édouard Glissant has named "The hurricane basin"? What might have prompted the USA to intervene so often in that zone since the Hispano-American war in 1898? Does the concept of "the manifest destiny" find a legitimate application in the Caribbean islands? And can the "Frontier" or "New Frontier" paradigms be useful operators that can guide our reflection? This paper will try and answer those significant questions.
Validation of the Newly Developed Graphical Inventory of Ethical Leadership (GIEL) Scale: Implications for Administrator Preparation and Business Leaders
Authors: Hanson Janet , Loose William , Reveles Ursula , Hanshaw George
Published: January 2017

This quantitative pilot-study empirically tested the factor structure and reliability of the newly developed Graphical Inventory of Ethical Leadership (GIEL) scale, a Likert-style scale for quantifying key concepts related to ethical leadership. Correlations and principal components analyses were performed using pre-existing data as self-reports from a sample including 103 graduate students, within a Scholarship for Teaching and Learning project design, in an administrator preparation program at a private university located in a large southwestern state of the U.S. Face and content validity were demonstrated and empirical analyses revealed a three-factor structure for a unidimensional construct of ethical leadership. Internal reliability was above the pre-determined indices of Cronbach’s alpha > .60 considered acceptable for scales in a pilot study. Potential uses of the GIEL include; as a baseline for setting and monitoring professional development goals, as evidence for recommending certification in administrator preparation programs, and as part of a 360-degree evaluation process.
Living Shoreline Treatment Suitability Analysis: A Study on Coastal Protection Opportunities for Sarasota County
Authors: Dobbs Briana N. , Volk Michael I. , Nawari Nawari O.
Published: February 2017

Increases in the world population, sea level rise, and urbanization of coastal areas have put tremendous pressures on coastlines around the world. As a result, natural shoreline habitats are being replaced by seawalls and other hardened forms of coastal protection. Evidence shows that hardened shorelines can have a negative impact on the environment and surrounding habitat, leading to a loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. This research aims to increase the different forms of coastal protection used throughout Sarasota County, Florida by conducting a geographic information system (GIS) suitability analysis for living shoreline treatment. Living shorelines or hybrid solutions are a more ecologically sustainable alternative to traditional forms of coastal protection, which use natural ecosystems or alternatively- structural organic and natural materials such as plantings, rocks, and oyster beds to stabilize shorelines and enhance shoreline habitat. The GIS model identifies coastlines that are 1) most suitable for living shoreline treatment, 2) most suitable for a hybrid solution, or 3) not suitable for living shorelines by analyzing the bathymetry, land use, land value, tree canopy, population, wave energy, shoreline sensitivity, and shoreline habitat. The suitability for living shoreline treatments was assessed independently for each parameter and assigned a value ranging from 0, areas that should consider using traditional methods of coastal protection to 3, shoreline segments most suitable for living shoreline treatment. The results from the individual analyses for each parameter were combined using a weighted overlay approach to determine general suitability for living shorelines within the study area. The result found that over 95% of the shoreline segments are potentially suitable for hybrid shoreline stabilization solutions.
A brief review on Triazin-pyridazinones: Synthesis and biological activities
Authors: Asif M
Published: February 2017

A series of substituted triazin-pyridazine compounds were exhibited diverse types of biological activities and synthesized by different methods. These compounds were mainly tested for their anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antifungal and antibacterial activities. These substituted triazin-pyridazine compounds have mild to potent activities on compare with their appropriate reference standards.
Predicting Persistent Unclear Pain Following Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Chodór Paweł , Kruczyński Jacek
Published: February 2017

Chronic post-surgical pain can be a considerable issue for patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty. According to the literature, persistent knee pain is experienced by up to 44% of patients. Most studies on total knee arthroplasty (TKA) outcomes have mainly investigated the biomechanics or function of the operated knee, but chronic pain has never been a primary issue. In recent years several possible predictors of chronic postsurgical pain have been investigated and eventually identified. A younger age, female gender, psychological distress, preoperative pain duration and intensity were all reported to influence chronic postoperative pain rates after total knee arthroplasty.
Recently, it has also been hypothesized that preoperative signs of centrally driven hyperalgesia and distorted pain modulation may predict persistent knee pain in some patients. Despite the considerable number of patients suffering from chronic postsurgical pain after TKA, available data is scarce, and well controlled prospective studies are lacking. Predictors of chronic postsurgical pain after total knee arthroplasty have yet to be identified.
Thus, this article is aimed at reviewing current knowledge on persistent pain after knee arthroplasty.
Phylogenetic analysis and systematics of the Acrapex unicolora Hampson species complex (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Apameini), with the description of five new species from the Afrotropics
Authors: Le Ru Bruno , Capdevielle-Dulac Claire , Musyoka Boaz K. , Pallangyo Beatrice , Njaku Mohamedi , Mubenga Onésime , Chipabika Gilson , Ndemah Rose , Bani Grégoire , Molo Richard , Ong'Amo George , Kergoat Gael J.
Published: February 2017

Ten morphologically similar species of Acrapex Hampson, 1891 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Apameini) from Central and Eastern Africa are reviewed, including five new species: Acrapex kafula le Ru sp. nov., A. kavumba le Ru sp. nov., A. kiakouama le Ru sp. nov., A. miscantha le Ru sp. nov. and A. simillima le Ru sp. nov. Evidence is provided to transfer the monotypic genus Poecopa Bowden, 1956 to the genus Acrapex. Host plants of five species are recorded, some of them for the first time. Acrapex kavumba sp. nov., A. miscantha sp. nov. and A. simillima sp. nov. were found on one host plant each. Acrapex mediopuncta, previously reported in West Africa from Pennisetum purpureum Schumach., Rottboellia compressa L., Setaria megaphylla (Steud) Dur. & Schinz. and Sorghum arundinaceum (Desv.) Stapf, was only found from S. megaphylla in Central Africa. Larvae of Acrapex unicolora were collected on Andropogon gayanus Kunth, Chrysopogon zizanoides (L.) Roberty, Cymbopogon schoenanthus subsp. proximus (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Maire & Weller, Cymbopogon pospischiilii (K.Schum.) C.E.Hubb., Hyparrhenia diplandra (Hack.) Stapf and Setaria sphacelata (Schumach.) Moss. We also conducted molecular phylogenetic analyses (using maximum likelihood) and molecular species delimitation analyses on a comprehensive sample of 61 specimens belonging to eight of the studied species. Molecular phylogenetic analyses provided additional evidence of the synonymy of Acrapex and Poecopa, whereas molecular species delimitation analyses support the validity of the five newly described species and unravel another potential new species, only collected in the larval stage.
Biomarker, Molecular, and Technologic Advances in Urologic Pathology, Oncology, and Imaging
Authors: Ellis Carla L. , Harik Lara R. , Cohen Cynthia , Osunkoya Adeboye O.
Published: February 2017

Urologic pathology is evolving rapidly. Emerging trends include the expanded diagnostic utility of biomarkers and molecular testing, as well as adapting to the plethora of technical advances occurring in genitourinary oncology, surgical practice, and imaging. We illustrate those trends by highlighting our approach to the diagnostic workup of a few selected disease entities that pathologists may encounter, including newly recognized subtypes of renal cell carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, and prostate cancer, some of which harbor a distinctive chromosomal translocation, gene loss, or mutation. We illustrate applications of immunohistochemistry for differential diagnosis of needle core renal biopsies, intraductal carcinoma of the prostate, and amyloidosis and cite encouraging results from early studies using targeted gene expression panels to predict recurrence after prostate cancer surgery. At our institution, pathologists are working closely with urologic surgeons and interventional radiologists to explore the use of intraoperative frozen sections for margins and nerve sparing during robotic prostatectomy, to pioneer minimally invasive videoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy, and to refine image-guided needle core biopsies and cryotherapy of prostate cancer as well as blue-light/fluorescence cystoscopy. This collaborative, multidisciplinary approach enhances clinical management and research, and optimizes the care of patients with urologic disorders.
Validación de un cuestionario sobre hábitos de trabajo y aprendizaje para futuros profesionales: Explorar los Entornos personales de Aprendizaje
Authors: Prendes-Espinosa Maria Paz , Castañeda-Quintero Linda , Solano-Fernández Isabel María , Roig-Vila Rosabel , Aguiar-Perera Mª Victoria , Serrano-Sánchez José Luis
Published: February 2017

Este artículo describe el proceso completo de validación del instrumento de recogida de información del proyecto CAPPLE. La validación del instrumento –un cuestionario online- pretende garantizar la fiabilidad, validez, pertinencia y la funcionalidad del proceso de recogida. Se ha optado por un método de validación basado en tres procedimientos sucesivos y complementarios: 1) un juicio de expertos realizado por 8 profesionales en tres rondas consecutivas; 2) una ronda de entrevistas cognitivas a 24 sujetos con 10 ítems cruciales; y 3) una prueba piloto con una muestra invitada de 400 sujetos, de los que 224 se consideran muestra productora de datos. Tras la realización de los tres procedimientos se ha conseguido un instrumento conformado por cuatro dimensiones básicas (autopercepción,  gestión de la información, gestión del proceso de aprendizaje y comunicación) y que resulta de gran utilidad en el estudio de los Entornos Personales de Aprendizaje de los estudiantes de Educación Superior.
Codon optimization underpins generalist parasitism in fungi
Authors: Badet Thomas , Peyraud Remi , Mbengue Malick , Navaud Olivier , Derbyshire Mark , Oliver Richard P , Barbacci Adelin , Raffaele Sylvain
Published: February 2017

The range of hosts that parasites can infect is a key determinant of the emergence and spread of disease. Yet, the impact of host range variation on the evolution of parasite genomes remains unknown. Here, we show that codon optimization underlies genome adaptation in broad host range parasites. We found that the longer proteins encoded by broad host range fungi likely increase natural selection on codon optimization in these species. Accordingly, codon optimization correlates with host range across the fungal kingdom. At the species level, biased patterns of synonymous substitutions underpin increased codon optimization in a generalist but not a specialist fungal pathogen. Virulence genes were consistently enriched in highly codon-optimized genes of generalist but not specialist species. We conclude that codon optimization is related to the capacity of parasites to colonize multiple hosts. Our results link genome evolution and translational regulation to the long-term persistence of generalist parasitism.
Orthogonal superimposed training design for doubly selective channel estimation using basis expansion models
Authors: Dou Gaoqi , He Xianwen , Deng Ren , Li Lihua , Gao Jun
Published: February 2017

In this paper, we consider channel estimation for single‐carrier block transmission over doubly selective fading channel, where basis expansion models are used to describe the time‐varying channel. The affine precoding model is used as the transmission strategy, wherein the training sequence is added on the top of the precoded data prior to transmission. By enforcing a special form of orthogonality between training sequence and precoded matrix, we propose orthogonal superimposed training design for doubly selective channel that makes channel estimation decouple from symbol detection, and then the affine precoding model based on orthogonal polyphase sequence set is designed under the orthogonal conditions. To further improve the estimation performance, we exploited a joint iterative approach is used, where the detected symbols, to enhance the estimation performance. Simulations results show that the proposed scheme can yield better detection performance than the data‐dependent superimposed training and can be competitive with time‐multiplexed training scheme with higher bandwidth efficiency.
Technical and clinical validation of the Allergen BioCube® for timothy grass
Authors: Angjeli Endri , Gomes Paul , Lane Keith J. , Stein Linda , Abelson Mark B.
Published: February 2017

Introduction

Field studies for allergic rhinitis (AR) commonly have inconsistent allergen concentrations and subject exposure patterns due to varying environmental conditions and subject behaviors. A technical and clinical validation study was conducted for the Allergen BioCube® using timothy grass to confirm uniform allergen concentration and clinically relevant subject symptom responses.

Methods

Allergen concentrations were verified by laser particle counts. Subjects (N = 14) with positive skin test reactions and no symptoms at screening received four 3‐h timothy grass exposures in the BioCube over consecutive days. Subjects evaluated nasal itching, sneezing, rhinorrhea, and nasal congestion while in the BioCube; Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS) was computed. Peak Nasal Inspiratory Flow (PNIF), Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR), sIgE blood tests, and Nasal Inflammation Score (NIS) were assessed. A correlation analysis was conducted for mean sIgE, skin test, and TNSS.

Results

Uniform timothy grass concentrations were achieved in the BioCube, both spatially and temporally, at all subject positions. Mean TNSS increased substantially from pre‐exposure levels (0.36 ± 0.74 to 1.86 ± 2.14) to maximums of 7.07 ± 2.76 at 1.5 h and 6.71 ± 2.70 at 3 h BioCube exposure. Twelve (86%) subjects had TNSS increases ≥6 units. PNIF decreased 12–24% from baseline at 3‐h BioCube exposure. NIS increased (baseline = 0) to 3.7 (maximum score = 4). A low/moderate correlation (r = 0.485) occurred between mean sIgE blood levels and mean skin tests; neither sIgE or skin tests correlated with mean TNSS. However, subjects with high skin test scores or positive blood IgE tended to also have higher TNSS.

Conclusions

The Allergen BioCube achieved technical and clinical validation for uniform timothy grass concentration and clinically meaningful AR sign and symptom responses. The Allergen BioCube can be used to assess the efficacy of therapies for reduction of AR signs and symptoms resulting from grass exposure.
Behaviour of bentazon as influenced by water and tillage management in rice‐growing conditions
Authors: López‐Piñeiro Antonio , Peña David , Albarrán Ángel , Sánchez‐Llerena Javier , Rato‐Nunes José Manuel , Rozas María Ángeles
Published: February 2017

Bentazon is a widely used herbicide in rice agroecosystems that has commonly been found in water resources. To assess how tillage and water regimes affect sorption/desorption, dissipation and leaching of bentazon in Mediterranean rice‐growing conditions, field experiments were carried out using tillage and flooding (TF), tillage and sprinkler irrigation (TS), no‐tillage and sprinkler irrigation (NTS) and long‐term no‐tillage and sprinkler irrigation (NTS7). After 3 years, the Kd values in TS were 2.3, 1.6 and 1.7 times lower than the values in NTS7, NTS and TF respectively. Greater sorption of bentazon was related to higher contents in total organic carbon and, although to a lesser extent, in humic acids and dissolved organic carbon. The persistence of bentazon was significantly greater under anaerobic (half‐life DT50 = 94.1–135 days) than under aerobic (DT50 = 42.4–91.3 days) incubation conditions for all management regimes. Leaching losses of bentazon were reduced from 78 and 74% in TS and TF to 61 and 62% in NTS7 and NTS respectively. The mid‐ and long‐term implementation of sprinkler irrigation in combination with no‐tillage could be considered a management system that is effective at reducing water contamination by bentazon in Mediterranean rice‐growing agroecosystems. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Postoperative mortality in inflammatory bowel disease patients
Authors: Ropelato Renato Vismara , Kotze Paulo Gustavo , Froehner Junior Ilário , Dadan Danieli D. , Miranda Eron Fábio
Published: February 2017

Introduction Since the 1960s, mortality in Crohn's disease and Ulcerative Colitis patients had a significant decrease due to advances in medical and surgical therapy. An important proportion of these patients are submitted to surgical procedures during their disease course, with postoperative mortality between 4 and 10%.

Methods 157 inflammatory bowel disease patients submitted to surgical therapy were retrospectively identified and allocated in 2 groups (Crohn's and colitis). Deaths were individually discriminated in detail.

Results 281 surgical procedures were performed. In the colitis group, 43 operations were performed in 24 patients; in the abdominal Crohn's subgroup, 127 procedures in 90 patients and in the perineal Crohn's subgroup, 115 in 64 patients, respectively. Nine postoperative deaths were observed (3 in the colitis and 6 in the Crohn's groups). Overall postoperative mortality was 5.7% (4.5% for Crohn's; 6.6% in abdominal Crohn's and 12.5% for Colitis). Most of deaths were related to emergency procedures and previous use of corticosteroids. The cause of death in all patients was sepsis.

Conclusions Overall postoperative mortality in inflammatory bowel disease was 5.7%, and it was attributed to the severity of the cases referred.
Some strategies for teaching a course based on Gödel, Escher, Bach
Authors: Andrilli Stephen
Published: February 2017

In 1979, Douglas Hofstadter published a Pulitzer prizewinning classic, Gödel, Escher, Bach: an eternal golden braid [1], henceforward referred to as GEB. I have presented a course at La Salle University based on GEB eleven times during the last twenty-one years. From these experiences, I present below some useful strategies for instructors who are interested in teaching a course where at least half of GEB is covered in some depth.
The Paris Agreement on Climate Change: Agriculture and Food Security
Authors: Verschuuren Jonathan
Published: February 2017

In the coming few decades, the world is facing three related problems.

First, agriculture contributes to climate change to a considerable extent. In its Fifth Assessment Report, the IPCC's Working Group III concludes that the AFOLU sector (agriculture, forestry and other land use) is responsible for just under a quarter (∼10 – 12 GtCO2eq/yr) of anthropogenic GHG emissions. Usually, a distinction is made between non-CO2 emissions, in particular methane (NH4) emitted by livestock and rice cultivation, and nitrous oxide (N2O) caused by the use of synthetic fertilizers and the application of manure on soils and pasture. Methane and Nitrous oxide have 25 times and 300 times stronger impact on the climate than CO2 respectively. CO2 emissions from agriculture are mainly caused by deforestation and peatland drainage. Emissions from agriculture have been rising on a yearly basis since 1990, although with important regional differences (they went down in Europe and up in Asia).
Performativity in Action: How Risk Communication Interacts in Risk Regulation
Authors: Marijn Poortvliet P. , Duineveld Martijn , Purnhagen Kai
Published: February 2017

Examples abound of highly politicized instances of risk controversies, such as the climate debate, counterterrorism, and the commercialization of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Numerous reasons, such as divergent perspectives, ways of communication, and interests, explain why involved actors often find themselves locked in a controversy.

For instance, in the GMO debates environmental politicians, NGOs, industrial parties, consumers, and GMO scientists have exerted very distinct ways of communication, resulting in a highly polarized and contested gene-risk landscape. As a consequence, some industrial players have left or terminated R&D activities in the EU, while other scientists escape the gaze of EU-regulations and started experimenting in places with a different approach to GMO regulation and control.
Minimum Unit Pricing for Alcohol May Not be a Proportionate Public Health Intervention
Authors: Bartlett Oliver
Published: February 2017

Setting a minimum unit price for the sale of alcoholic beverages has been on the agenda of the Scottish government for many years. As far back as 1999 the then newly formed Scottish Government decided to review data on the use of alcohol that revealed trends in Scottish alcohol consumption such as the fact that in the two decades following 1994 alcohol sales went from being split equally between the on-trade and off-trade to the off-trade comprising around 70 per cent of sales. Further studies reveal that the affordability of alcohol throughout the whole United Kingdom increased steadily between 1987 and 2007, with duty increases frequently short of inflation, and with supermarkets continuing to use alcohol as a loss leader. The result has been an increase in the affordability of wines and beers by 129% and 153% respectively.
Identification of cell-type-specific mutations in nodal T-cell lymphomas
Authors: Nguyen T B , Sakata-Yanagimoto M , Asabe Y , Matsubara D , Kano J , Yoshida K , Shiraishi Y , Chiba K , Tanaka H , Miyano S , Izutsu K , Nakamura N , Takeuchi K , Miyoshi H , Ohshima K , Minowa T , Ogawa S , Noguchi M , Chiba S
Published: February 2017

Recent genetic analysis has identified frequent mutations in ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2), DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A), isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) and ras homolog family member A (RHOA) in nodal T-cell lymphomas, including angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma and peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified. We examined the distribution of mutations in these subtypes of mature T-/natural killer cell neoplasms to determine their clonal architecture. Targeted sequencing was performed for 71 genes in tumor-derived DNA of 87 cases. The mutations were then analyzed in a programmed death-1 (PD1)-positive population enriched with tumor cells and CD20-positive B cells purified by laser microdissection from 19 cases. TET2 and DNMT3A mutations were identified in both the PD1+ cells and the CD20+ cells in 15/16 and 4/7 cases, respectively. All the RHOA and IDH2 mutations were confined to the PD1+ cells, indicating that some, including RHOA and IDH2 mutations, being specific events in tumor cells. Notably, we found that all NOTCH1 mutations were detected only in the CD20+ cells. In conclusion, we identified both B- as well as T-cell-specific mutations, and mutations common to both T and B cells. These findings indicate the expansion of a clone after multistep and multilineal acquisition of gene mutations.