bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immune Complex-Associated Deafness: Preliminary Communication
Authors: Brookes Gerald B
Published: July 2022

During the last year patients presenting with progressive bilateral or sudden sensorineural deafness of unknown aetiology have been investigated for possible abnormal immune activity. Twenty-six cases are reported in which significantly raised circulating immune complexes were present, together with 2 cases of clinical autoimmune deafness where the complexes were normal. Thirty-six control subjects were also studied. Following a review of the clinical features, the pathogenesis of this new association with sensorineural deafness is discussed. In some cases the aetiology is probably autoimmune, and in others related to infection. In certain patients the deafness has been partly reversed by medical treatment with systemic steroids or plasma exchange. It is hypothesized that circulating immune complexes may reflect a previously unrecognized final common pathophysiological pathway in a variety of cochleovestibular disorders.
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: A Comparison of Anti-Emetic Drugs Used Alone or in Combination
Authors: Michaloudis D , O'Keeffe N , O'Sullivan K , Healy T E J
Published: July 2022

Drugs with anti-emetic properties can exert their actions at more than one receptor site, histamine H1, muscarinic cholinergic or dopaminergic D2 receptors. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that a combination of drugs acting at different receptor sites in lower than standard doses would be at least as effective as a standard therapeutic dose of a single anti-emetic agent. A combination of droperidol, hyoscine and metoclopramide in subtherapeutic doses has been shown to be at least as effective as droperidol (1.25 mg) alone. In both groups there was a low incidence of emetic sequelae in the first 3 hours postoperatively.
Effect of Anoreceptive Intercourse on Anorectal Function
Authors: Miles A J G , Allen-Mersh T G , Wastell C
Published: July 2022

This study is the first published assessment of the effect of anoreceptive intercourse (ARI) on anal sphincter tone and function. Forty anoreceptive (AR) male homosexuals were compared with 18 age matched non-anoreceptive (non-AR) heterosexual males. Subjects were questioned about ARI, defaecation and faecal incontinence. Anal resting pressure, maximum voluntary squeeze pressure, anal mucosal electrosensitivity, perineal descent and rectal sensation were measured in all subjects. Fourteen of the AR subjects but only one of the non-AR subjects had symptoms of frequent anal incontinence ( P<0.05). There was a significant reduction in both maximum anal resting pressure ( P<0.01) and anal mucosal electrosensitivity ( P<0.05) and a significant difference in the anal resting pressure profile ( P=0.02) in the AR subjects compared with the non-AR subjects. There was a significant reduction in maximum squeeze pressure in AR subjects with anal incontinence compared with either AR subjects without anal incontinence ( P<0.01) or non-AR subjects ( P<0.01). There were no significant differences in stool consistency, frequency of defaecation, perineal descent or rectal sensation between the groups. ARI is associated with reduced resting pressure in the anal canal and an increased risk of anal incontinence. The risk of incontinence is greatest amongst AR subjects with reduced maximum squeeze pressure.
Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Patients with Ovarian Neoplasia
Authors: Hudson C N , Curling Marigold , Potsides Penelope , Lowe D G
Published: July 2022

The prevalence of several paraneoplastic syndromes associated with ovarian cancer was determined from a clinicopathological study of 908 patients with primary ovarian malignancy in the North East Thames Region. The diversity and rarity of these manifestations are great and the explanation for them is difficult. Circumstantial evidence suggests that in some cases an autoimmune phenomenon is the most plausible cause.
The Genetic Mosaic
Authors: Findlay G
Published: July 2022

Blaschko's lines are the acknowledged markers which represent the patterns of systematized naevi. Their interpretation has remained mysterious, because certain special features which they exhibit are impossible to reconcile with any known anatomical system in the human body. It is proposed that by changing one's views on the nature and growth of the dermatome, the patterns of zoster, and the behaviour of tissue mosaicism, the major difficulties hitherto experienced will be overcome.
Heat Shock Protein and the Double Insult Theory for the Development of Insulin Dependent Diabetes
Authors: Child D F , Smith C J , Williams C P
Published: July 2022

Heat shock proteins (HSP) are the most widely conserved group of proteins in phylogeny and play an important role in infection and autoimmunity. HSP65 has been suggested as the primary antigen in insulin dependent diabetes while an alternative antigen glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), has similar amino acid sequences. A ‘double insult theory’ for the development of insulin dependent diabetes is suggested whereby a bacterial infection leads to the production of HSP antibody. If during a ‘window of opportunity’ this is followed by a viral infection of the islet cells this could, in certain histocompatibility locus antigen (HLA) groups only, lead to the production of HSPs on the cell surface and a destructive autoimmune reaction.
Mood Change and Perceptions of Vitality: A Comparison of the Effects of Relaxation, Visualization and Yoga
Authors: Wood C
Published: July 2022

The effects of three different procedures, relaxation, visualization and yogic breathing and stretch (pranayama) on perceptions of physical and mental energy and on positive and negative mood states have been assessed in a group of normal volunteers ( N=71, age range 21–76).

Pranayama produced a significantly greater increase in perceptions of mental and physical energy and feelings of alertness and enthusiasm than the other two procedures ( P<0.5). Relaxation made subjects significantly more sleepy and sluggish immediately after the session than pranayama ( P < 0.05). Visualization made them more sluggish but less content than pranayama ( P<0.05) and more upset than relaxation after the second session ( P<0.05).

?Thus, a 30 min programme of yogic stretch and breathing exercises which is simple to learn and which can be practised even by the elderly had a markedly ‘invigorating’ effect on perceptions of both mental and physical energy and increased high positive mood. A more extensive investigation is planned to establish whether such a programme can readily be incorporated into everyday life, and with what long-term results.
The Effectiveness of Low Dose Slow Release Aspirin as an Antiplatelet Agent
Authors: Budd J S , Allen K , Walsh A , Bell P R F
Published: July 2022

An open, randomized, parallel group study of three different aspirin preparations was carried out. The objective of this study was to compare their ability to inhibit the production of thromboxane A2 (measured as thromboxane B2 [TXB2]) from platelets. Three aspirin preparations were studied: Acetard® 300 mg, Acetard® 100 mg and Platet® 100 mg. The study was conducted in 45 healthy adult volunteers and treatment continued once daily for 7 days. The results of the TXB2 assay show that the administration of all three treatment preparations produced a rapid drop in TXB2 levels of all volunteers. The baseline TXB2 level was reduced by 95% for all groups by day 3. Analysis by day showed a significant difference ( P<0.05) between treatments at day 1, with Acetard® 100 mg having higher TXB2 levels than the other two groups. Analysis of changes from baseline showed a significant reduction ( P<0.05) in TXB2 levels at Days 1 to 14 for all three groups. Platelet aggregation also showed a significant reduction, being reduced to 10% of control at 7 days. It then reverted back to baseline by 28 days for all treatment groups. In conclusion, low dose aspirin is very effective as an antiplatelet agent and in a slow release form loses none of its patency.
A 25-Year Prospective Study of Modified Radical Mastectomy (Patey) in 193 Patients
Authors: Staunton M D , Melville D M , Monterrosa A , Thomas J M
Published: July 2022

The results of a prospective study over 20 years of 193 patients with breast carcinoma treated by Patey mastectomy are presented together with details of the operative technique employed. One hundred and twenty-eight cases (66%) were stage 1 ( T1/ T2 N0), 46 (24%) were stage 2 ( T1/ T2 N1), 18 (9%) were stage 3 ( T3 N0/ N1) and one was stage 4 (M1). The probability of survival together with 95% confidence intervals for stage 1 ( T1/ T2 N0) at 10 years was 79% (71–88); and at 15 years 74% (61–87). For stage 2 ( T1/ T2 N1), the probability of survival at 10 years was 64% (48–79), and at 15 years 60% (44–76). For stage 3 ( T3 N0/ N1), the probability of survival at 10 years was 70% (45–95) and nobody survived at 15 years. These differences between the clinical stages lacked significance [Log-rank test: χ2 = 3.44 df=2 P=0.18]. There were nine patients (5%) who developed local recurrence without systemic metastases. There was no postoperative mortality, and morbidity was low. Axillary node metastases depressed survival with probability of survival at 10 years 43% (29–57) in contrast to those without it 90% (84–96) [log-rank test: χ2=39.42 df=1 P<0.0001]. Patey mastectomy should be considered for patients with T1 or T2 tumours who choose mastectomy rather than breast conservation. It is an effective local treatment which is of particular relevance in countries where radiotherapy is not available.
A proposal for research on the acquisition of prosodic focus marking in diverse languages: A response to Kidd and Garcia (2022)
Authors: Chen Aoju , Narasimhan Bhuvana
Published: July 2022

Kidd and Garcia demonstrate a dire lack of diversity in language acquisition research. We present a concrete proposal to improve language and area coverage in the field. Our approach outlines key questions in an understudied area, that is, prosody, methods for collecting and analyzing data, resources for training and tools, and a means to foster research collaboration and publication of crosslinguistic findings. The proposal, if implemented on a publicly accessible website, will facilitate crosslinguistic research on prosody acquisition.
Orofacial intramuscular lymphoma: first presentation
Authors: Duong Lucas T. , Rollin Marie , Bidault François , Lazarovici Julien , Ferré François C.
Published: July 2022

The term lymphoma includes a wide variety of different clinical entities including diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL). Skeletal muscle or intramuscular lymphomas represent less than 2% of B-cell Lymphoma, they are quite rare, even more in the orofacial area. We present the case of a painless growing mass of the right cheek mimicking a chronic oral cellulitis in a 34-year-old man. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the mandible revealed a well-defined 7x3cm mass around the core of the mandible that invades the buccal floor and the subcutaneous planes. A whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT for the initial diagnosis revealed an intensely isolated hypermetabolic band corresponding to a voluminous tumoral permeation. The diagnosis of a skeletal muscle diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was established after an intraoral biopsy. It was treated with 4 chemotherapy cures and showed complete remission at one year of follow-up. This atypical form of lymphoma should be integrated into the differential diagnosis of soft tissue tumors in the oral cavity.
Textual Analysis and Future Performance: Evidence From Item 1A and Item 7
Authors: Azmi Shabestari Mehrzad , Romero Jorge A.
Published: July 2022

Although there is previous research on textual analysis in accounting, little is understood about the effects of the tone and sentiments of the text disclosed in annual report filings (10-K) on the investor assessment of the future performance of the firm. This study inks the tone and sentiments of the text disclosed in the corporate annual reports and expectations regarding the future performance of the firm. We focus on two specific sections of 10-K filings the risk factor disclosures (Item 1A) and the management’s discussion (Item 7) filling a gap in the accounting literature. There are two competing predictions regarding how the tone and sentiments of the text could impact the investor assessment about the future performance of the firm. First, the tone and sentiments of the text in Items 1A and 7 may have an effect on the investor assessment of the future performance of the firm. Second, only the tone and sentiments of Item 7 may have an effect on the investor assessment, given the fact that Item 1A only discusses the general risk factors that are present and not necessarily any specific risk factors to the firm. We find that only the tone and sentiments of the text in Item 7 has an effect on the investor assessment of the firm. This result helps explain the channels through which the tone and sentiments of the text impacts the future performance.
The Breakdown of the Distinction Between the Public, Secular Private, and Religious Spheres in Education Law and Policy
Authors: Superfine Benjamin M.
Published: July 2022

Background:

Over the past decade, courts increasingly have considered cases that involve clashes between public, secular private, and religious institutions in education. Such clashes appear to have intensified as recently as the 2019–2020 Supreme Court term, and the confirmation of Associate Justice Amy Coney Barrett to the Court in 2020 suggests that issues centered on these institutions will continue to receive significant judicial attention. While these recent cases have focused on a range of education law and policy issues, some have focused on arguably the most fundamental legal issues applicable to such schools—the instances in which the legal distinctions between public, secular private, and religious schools are strong or weak.

Purpose:

This study examines three recent, major federal cases as both historical and legal cases to highlight the restructuring of the distinctions among public, secular private, and religions schools in the institutional setting of the courts. I examine how the courts have historically structured these distinctions; how these three recent cases have restructured these distinctions; and the education law and policy implications moving forward.

Research Design:

This article is a legal analysis and historical case study.

Findings:

Three recent and high-profile education cases reflect a spectrum of how the highest courts have restructured distinctions between public, secular private, and religious schools in a short period. In some instances, courts have blurred the legal distinctions between these types of schools by allowing religious schools to receive governmental support even in situations in which states have directly attempted to exclude institutions like them from receiving such support. In other instances, courts have strengthened these distinctions by differentiating how public, secular private, and religious schools are treated with respect to their abilities to discriminate.

Conclusion:

Taken together, the three cases underscore the intensifying attention of the courts to restructuring the distinctions between the public, secular private, and religious spheres in education. These distinctions reflect judicial engagement with major educational and political goals, such as pluralism, communality, and discrimination, and are grounded in a long history of courts’ involvement in this field. Especially in a field characterized by highly politicized debates, attention to the distinction between the public, secular private, and religious spheres in education is critical for understanding how and why fundamental educational policy decisions have been and continue to be made.
The 2021 federal German election: A gender and intersectional analysis
Authors: Abels Gabriele , Ahrens Petra , Jenichen Anne , Och Malliga
Published: July 2022

On 26 September 2021, Germans elected the 20th Bundestag. This election was special in many ways. The article analyses the electoral campaign, voting behaviour, turnout, and the formation of a new coalition government by using a gender and intersectional lens. Against the conceptual background of descriptive, substantive, and symbolic representation, we outline the implications of the election for gender and intersectional politics in the new German Bundestag and the government. In descriptive and symbolic terms, we find higher numbers of women (and of minorities) in the Bundestag and its leadership as well as in government; in substantive terms, we observe the presence of ‘critical actors’ and the commitment to progressive politics in the new ‘Ampel’ coalition. Hence, we see at least a chance for change in several key policy areas and social progress in the next 4 years.
Perceptions of atmosphere: Air, waste, and narratives of life and work in Mumbai
Authors: Tripathy Priyam , McFarlane Colin
Published: July 2022

How do residents on the socioeconomic margins of the city experience and perceive atmosphere? How does the concept of atmosphere change when we write it from a context of impoverished and stigmatized residents? Drawing on research in neighborhoods near Mumbai’s largest garbage ground, Deonar, we seek to advance a growing body of work on urban atmosphere. We examine how atmosphere operates materially and affectively through different and changing relations between air, waste, work, environment, and social conditions. The accounts from residents revolve around a set of recurring issues – health, smell, fire, and stagnant and contaminated water – through which different perceptions of atmosphere take shape. This reading both informs the pluralization and extension of understandings of atmosphere, from questions of health and bodily damage to social anxieties linked to stigma, and reveals atmosphere as an index of poverty and inequality. We argue for the value of a research focus on “perceptions of atmosphere” as part of a situated geography of atmosphere on the margins, and as a basis for understanding urban poverty, inequalities, and politics.
“I’ve been cheated, been mistreated, when will I be loved”: Two decades of infidelity research through an intersectional lens
Authors: Weiser Dana A , Shrout M Rosie , Thomas Adam V , Edwards Adrienne L , Pickens Jaclyn Cravens
Published: July 2022

Infidelity is a common experience within romantic relationships and is closely linked with relationship dissolution and well-being. Using an intersectionality theoretical framework, we undertook a systematic review of the infidelity literature in flagship journals associated with the disciplines of the International Association for Relationship Research. Our review includes findings from 162 published empirical articles. We identified several themes within the infidelity literature, including: individual, interpersonal, and contextual predictors; outcomes and reactions; beliefs and attitudes; prevalence; and conceptualization. We also found that the infidelity literature primarily utilizes participants who are White, heterosexual, cisgender individuals who reside in the United States or Canada. Moreover, researchers were limited in information they provided about participants’ identities so in most articles it was difficult to assess many dimensions of identity. Ultimately, these findings limit our ability to apply an intersectional framework. We argue that researchers should extend the research they cite, collect richer demographic data, expand their samples (especially beyond White heterosexual cisgender American college students), and consider the sociohistorical context of their participants (e.g., the particular social circumstances and historical forces which shape individuals’ lived experiences). For example, scholars using an intersectional framework would explain their participants’ relationship experiences through a lens which includes systems of sexism, racism, heterosexism, cissexism, classism, etc., in conjunction with individual and interpersonal factors.
An examination of visually impaired individuals’ communicative negotiation of face threats
Authors: Romo Lynsey K. , Alvarez Cimmiaron , Taussig Melissa J.
Published: July 2022

Being visually impaired is an inherently face threatening and potentially stigmatizing experience that can greatly affect personal relationships. Those with a visual impairment frequently miss nonverbal cues, must rely on others for transportation and other assistance, and can be overtly marked as different through their use of a cane or a guide dog. Framed by the theoretical lens of facework and using in-depth interviews of 24 visually impaired individuals, this study uncovered how people with a visual impairment engaged in facework to mitigate and remediate the low-vision-related face threats they and others experienced. Participants reported using preventive facework, including politeness and humor, as well as corrective facework (avoidance, apologies, accounts, and humor) to manage face threats. Interviewees also engaged in a new type of facework that was simultaneously corrective and preventive: future facework (education and advocacy). Findings offer practical strategies visually impaired individuals can use to ward off or repair face threatening acts, contesting stigma and potentially improving relationships and fostering allyship among sighted individuals. The study also suggests that facework be incorporated into a biopsychosocial model of disability to help combat disabling social barriers.
3-D analytical solution of non-homogeneous transversely isotropic thick closed cylindrical shells
Authors: Mohammadi Zahra , Navayi Neya Bahram , Ardeshir-Behrestaghi Azizollah , Folkow Peter D
Published: July 2022

This paper presents an effective analytical method based on displacement potential functions (DPF) for solving 3D static problem of thick and multilayer transversely isotropic cylindrical shells with simply supported end boundary conditions. By using the DPF method, the three-dimensional elasticity equations are simplified and decoupled into two linear partial differential equations of fourth and second order as governing differential equations. The governing equations are solved by the separation of variable method in terms of fields that exactly satisfy end boundary conditions and the continuity of a closed cylinder in the hoop direction. The analysis covers a straightforward solution process for handling problems on multilayered cylindrical shells of transversely isotropic material, adopting all boundary and continuity conditions. Extensive sets of general radial loads located on the inner and outer faces of the cylindrical shell may be stated and examined with in a systematic manner. Comparisons are performed to other existing analytical results for one and multilayered cylindrical shells, and show excellent agreement for different materials, thicknesses and aspect ratios of the shell. In addition, various more involved problems are studied and solved analytically for single and three-layered shells of transversely isotropic material with different sets of radial loading functions at the outer and inner shell surfaces. The results of the present study can be used as benchmark solutions for other studies.
Dark fermentative volatile fatty acids production from food waste: A review of the potential central role in waste biorefineries
Authors: Asunis Fabiano , Cappai Giovanna , Carucci Alessandra , De Gioannis Giorgia , Dessì Paolo , Muntoni Aldo , Polettini Alessandra , Pomi Raffaella , Rossi Andreina , Spiga Daniela , Trois Cristina
Published: July 2022

Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are high-value chemicals that are increasingly demanded worldwide. Biological production via food waste (FW) dark fermentation (DF) is a promising option to achieve the sustainability and environmental benefits typical of biobased chemicals and concurrently manage large amounts of residues. DF has a great potential to play a central role in waste biorefineries due to its ability to hydrolyze and convert complex organic substrates into VFAs that can be used as building blocks for bioproducts, chemicals and fuels. Several challenges must be faced for full-scale implementation, including process optimization to achieve high and stable yields, the development of efficient techniques for selective recovery and the cost-effectiveness of the whole process. This review aims to critically discuss and statistically analyze the existing relationships between process performance and the main variables of concern. Moreover, opportunities, current challenges and perspectives of a FW-based and fermentation-centred biorefinery layout are discussed.
Adult Talk During Book Reading for Preschoolers With ASD: Links With Literacy Outcomes
Authors: Gasamis Colin , Sanders Elizabeth , Hudson Roxanne F. , Chiou Michelle
Published: July 2022

Calls for interventions in early childhood that best prepare children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to have inclusive school experiences have been numerous. Although there is a developing literature on the efficacy of interactive book reading (IBR) for this population, it is still unclear which aspects of IBR benefit these children and in what way. To address this gap, we reanalyzed data from a recently completed experiment comparing IBR with other early literacy instruction for preschoolers with ASD. Our results showed that frequency of tutors’ use of completion prompts used during IBR was uniquely predictive of better gains in phonological awareness. In addition, tutors’ frequency using open-ended prompts was associated with increased gains in print knowledge. Furthermore, both findings held true after controlling for language gains. Results have implications for the types of structure and support that adults might provide young children with ASD during IBR.
Engaging Historically Marginalized Youth in Participatory Research: A Practical Guide to Promote Cultural Specificity in Measurement Validation
Authors: El Mallah Shereen
Published: July 2022

Racially and ethnically diverse populations from minoritized backgrounds are often exposed to research methodologies that amplify structural racism and negate their sociocultural reality. Although cross-cultural validation of measures is considered a requisite step to multigroup comparisons, researchers apply measures validated and standardized in the dominant White culture to under-researched populations (without assessing measurement equivalence first). Seeking to align with calls for more culturally sensitive measures, an argument is made to leverage youth participatory approaches in the cross-cultural validation of study instruments. Using an illustrative case study, this paper describes how 16 youth researchers (predominantly Hispanic) partnered with an academic team to examine the validity of the Prosocial Behavior Scale. A new tool, the Key Informant Validity Index, is introduced to determine if items maintain adequate levels of content validity when applied to populations that differ from the original norming and validation study samples. Youth researchers rated items on relevance, clarity and coverage, and use a guided protocol to conduct cognitive interviews with 32 youth participants. Recognizing the inherent challenges of reducing hierarchal power dynamics within youth-adult relationships and/or alleviating insider/outsider tensions across lines of cultural difference, an intentional focus is placed on naming key strategies that facilitated the collaboration process.
Pullulan and Pluronic F-127 based in situ gel system for intranasal delivery: Development, in vitro and in vivo evaluation
Authors: Mahajan Hitendra S , Jadhao Vikram D , Chandankar Sachin M
Published: July 2022

The current work seeks to use Pullulan and Pluronic F-127 (PF-127), a new gel-forming material, for sildenafil citrate (SLC) intranasal delivery. The cold approach was used to develop an SLC-loaded in situ gel based on thermoreversible polymer PF-127 and mucoadhesive polymer Pullulan. In situ gel systems based on Pullulan responds intelligently to environmental stimuli like charge, pH, temperature, light, and redox. To achieve gelation at physiological temperature formulations were modified to have gelation temperatures lower than 34.1°C. Physical appearance and rheological measurements were used to calculate the temperature of gelation. With the addition of increasing quantities of Pullulan, the gelation temperatures fell (from 34.1°C for 8% w/v, 10% w/v, and 12% w/v 0.5% Pullulan). In the goat nasal mucosal membrane, Pullulan concentration increased the mucoadhesive force in terms of detachment stress. The results of drug permeation testing in vitro investigations over the goat nasal mucosa showed that utilizing an in situ gelling formulation with a Pullulan content of 0.5% or higher can greatly boost the effective penetration coefficient. The formulation was shown to be safe for the nasal mucosa after a histological investigation. Conclusively, Pullulan and PF-127 may be appropriate carriers for SLC intranasal administration.
Resource Utilization in Children who Receive a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Consult in the Emergency Department: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Boggs Samantha , de Caen Genevieve , Lobos Anna-Theresa , Plint Amy C , Krmpotic Kristina
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To describe the characteristics, critical care resource requirements, and outcomes of children who were hospitalized after a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) consult in the Emergency Department (ED).

Methods

In this single-centre retrospective cohort study, we conducted chart reviews for children (<18 years) hospitalized following a PICU consult in the ED to examine patient characteristics, timing of consult, ED length of stay, Medical Emergency Team (MET) utilization, PICU nursing workload, and critical care interventions for children who were and were not admitted to the PICU.

Results

During the one-year study period, 247 PICU consults were performed in the ED resulting in 161 (65.2%) direct admissions to PICU and 1 indirect PICU admission via the ward. Of 105 children with complex chronic conditions, 73 (69.5%) were admitted to PICU, including 32 (91.4%) of 35 children with chronic home ventilatory needs, only 2 (6.2%) of whom received a critical care intervention beyond respiratory support. Within 24 h of hospitalization, 112 (69.1%) of 162 PICU admissions received a critical care-specific intervention. Of 86 (34.8%) ward admissions, 16 (18.6%) were reviewed by the MET. Children admitted to the ward had a significantly longer post-consult ED length of stay than children admitted to PICU (median 428 min vs. 130 min; p <0.0001).

Conclusions

Over two-thirds of children admitted to PICU from the ED required early critical care interventions, with the remainder potentially benefitting from closer monitoring or a higher frequency of non-critical care interventions than can be reasonably provided on general inpatient wards. More research is needed to evaluate critical care and hospital resource utilization when children are triaged to the ward following a PICU consult in the ED.
Hybrid teaching-learning with comprehensive learning capability for electromagnetic device design problems
Authors: Niu Qun , You Ming , Hua Dandan , Yang Zhile
Published: July 2022

Many optimal design problems in the engineering field are nonlinear, multivariate, mixed integer, multimodal, and constrained. Meta-heuristic approaches have been widely used to solve these complex problems, but most of them are often sensitive to the settings of tuning parameters for different optimization problems, and suffer from premature convergence during the evolution process. This article proposes a novel hybrid teaching-learning-based optimization (HTLBO) algorithm to tackle this problem. A comprehensive teaching-learning mechanism with no adjustable parameters is introduced to improve the global optimal solution while in the meantime maintaining the solution diversity. The performance of the proposed HTLBO is tested on nine unconstrained benchmark functions and two nonlinear constrained benchmark functions with integer variables. Then the algorithm is applied to solve two significant electromagnetic design problems, that is, optimal brushless direct-current (BLDC) motor design and electromagnetic actuator geometric construction design. Simulation results on both the benchmark functions and practical engineering design problems confirm the efficiency and robustness of the proposed algorithm.
Entrepreneurship Teaching in India and the Region
Authors: Shukla Sunil , Dwivedi Amit Kumar , Acharya Satya Ranjan
Published: July 2022

Economies across the globe believe in entrepreneurship as an important component for economic development because it is helping countries to solve problems like unemployment or underemployment. As countries make policies and support systems to strengthen their entrepreneurial ecosystems for accelerated growth of their economies, they are increasingly focusing on entrepreneurship education (EE). This article explores various issues related to EE, pedagogies and ecosystems. With the help of survey technique, data of 157 respondents were collected. The article serves as a benchmark on university/institutes’ target group for EE, types of modules used, various supports provided by these universities/institutes to the target groups, preferences for teaching pedagogies and, most importantly, how the outcomes of EE are measured. Based on the findings, the article concludes with some recommendations to strengthen EE in India and in other regions of the globe.
Book review: H. A. Poniachek (Ed.). 2019. Mergers & Acquisitions: A Practitioner’s Guide to Successful Deals
Authors: Sinha Ashutosh Kumar
Published: July 2022

H. A. Poniachek (Ed.). 2019. Mergers & Acquisitions: A Practitioner’s Guide to Successful Deals. World Scientific, pp. 592, ₹7174. ISBN: 978-981-3277-41-0 (Hardcover).
Europe’s green, digital and demographic transition: a social policy research perspective
Authors: Petmesidou Maria , Guillén Ana M.
Published: July 2022

This article lays out an agenda for researching the social policy challenges facing the EU under the combined impact of a triple transition: green, digital and demographic. It takes as its starting point the double bind confronting the welfare state, pressured by increasing costs and serious socio-ecological concerns on the one hand, and the need, more daunting than ever, for protection against a vast array of imminent socio-economic, demographic and environmental risks, on the other. Against this background, it explores the complex web of synergies and trade-offs between the three transitions, examines the disjointed manner in which EU social policy has so far developed, and demonstrates the controversial stance of the EU’s overarching strategic framework – the European Green Deal – on the issue of a socially just transition. It also maps key research foci and gaps deserving further study, including the role of key players in the transition.
Patents over patients? Exploring the variegated financialization of the pharmaceuticals industry through mergers and acquisitions
Authors: Keenan Liam , Monteath Timothy , Wójcik Dariusz
Published: July 2022

In recent years the pharmaceutical industry has been accused of prioritising profits from patents at the expense of the wellbeing of patients. Many argue that this transition reflects the full-scale financialization of the industry, whereby an increasing focus on shareholder value and financial performance has resulted in cost-cutting, outsourcing and novel forms of competition based on securing new patents and intellectual property rights through mergers and acquisitions (M&As). The aim of this article is to explore the variegated financialization of the pharmaceutical industry through the analysis of M&A data. Acknowledging M&As as a key tenet of pharmaceutical financialization and drawing from a sample of 1805 deals between 2001–2020, we reveal an uneven geography of acquirers and targets across the global, national and city scales. While we uncover a global rise in the value and volume of M&A deals, this activity is concentrated across a limited geography, with the US the largest market by value and China the largest by volume. Analysing these two countries in depth reveals the importance of institutional and regulatory conditions in not only shaping the implementation of M&As but fundamentally constituting the nature, causes and effects of financialization. These findings allow us to develop a relational conceptualisation of financialization which adds novelty to geographical debates around its uneven causes, processes and outcomes.
Lost in translation: Pacioli's de computis et scripturis
Authors: Sangster Alan , Santini Fabio
Published: July 2022

This article seeks to determine how much we understand of Pacioli's purpose, and to clarify what he wrote justifying his preparation and publication of his ‘bookkeeping treatise’ in 1494. The context that motivated Pacioli to prepare his treatise is identified: why he published it and for whom. A new critical translation of the first chapter is presented, revealing statements omitted from the translations, and terms misunderstood. Its primary contribution is the clearer overview of fifteenth century Venetian business and bookkeeping practice and of the treatise than is currently presented in the accounting history literature. This should lead to new understanding of the role and purpose of using double entry in European trade during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, and thereafter. Finally, all 10 translations of the treatise evaluated, including the five in English, were found to be unreliable. Anyone using these translations needs to refer continuously to the original text and to how it has been translated into other languages.
A systematic review on career interventions for university students: Framework, effectiveness, and outcomes
Authors: Soares Joana , Carvalho Catarina , Silva Ana Daniela
Published: July 2022

This study presents a systematic literature review about career interventions for university students exploring (1) which theoretical framework; (2) structure; (3) evaluation system; and (4) outcomes are reported. Fourteen keywords, five databases, and six eligibility criteria were defined. Among the 596 articles collected, 26 remained for meta-synthesis. Results indicated a predominance of (1) three theoretical frameworks, (2) group intervention modality, (3) pre-and post-test evaluation system, and (4) the positive development of skills in decision-making. Recommendations are presented to guide future research and practice in the field. For example, this study indicates the importance of providing updated information about the world of work within career interventions or educational programs.
Work as Meaning Inventory: A network analysis in Italian workers and students
Authors: Svicher Andrea , Gori Alessio , Di Fabio Annamaria
Published: July 2022

The present study examined the Italian version of the Work as Meaning Inventory and Work as Meaning Inventory for University students through a network perspective. Network analysis was applied to 505 Italian workers assessed via the Work as Meaning Inventory and 214 Italian university students assessed via the Work as Meaning Inventory for University students. The comparison between the factor and network model of both Work as Meaning Inventory and Work as Meaning Inventory for University students showed a higher fit for network models. Network analysis revealed that both Work as Meaning Inventory and Work as Meaning Inventory for University students items enclosed in the Positive meaning dimension had the highest centrality; the most connected item with the overall network was the item 2 (work/study that contributes to personal growth) able to link together the three dimensions (positive meaning, meaning-making through work, greater good motivations). Findings suggested that a network approach can provide a promising realm to expand the understanding of meaning at work and meaning at study.
Do parallel career tracks harm professionals more than single career tracks?
Authors: Baumer de Azevedo Maria Candida , De Hauw Sara , Semeijn Judith , van Vuuren Tinka
Published: July 2022

Parallel career tracks have become more prevalent today, especially in Brazil, where more than a quarter of all postgrads have one. Despite its growing popularity, little research has tapped into this new career phenomenon. This study examines whether having a parallel career track leads to negative work outcomes related to sustainable careers, such as higher absenteeism and lower engagement, in comparison to a single career track. Cross-sectional and longitudinal data were gathered from 380 and 102 Brazilian professionals respectively, who filled out an online survey. A normal and a repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance were used to examine whether work outcomes differed between those with parallel career tracks versus single career tracks. The findings indicate that parallel career tracks do not have different effects on individual sustainable employability outcomes when compared to single career tracks, including employability, engagement, absenteeism, presenteeism, and burnout. Therefore, organizations can face this new career trend without reluctance as it does not harm individual work outcomes related to sustainable careers. This study contributes significantly to improving the understanding of this new career format by examining the impact of parallel career tracks on individual work outcomes through a longitudinal design.
Chaos synchronization using q-Chlodowsky operators as uncertainty approximator
Authors: Izadbakhsh Alireza , Khalesi Hassan , Khorashadizadeh Saeed
Published: July 2022

In this article, q-Chlodowsky operators are utilized for synchronizing a chaotic master-slave system. The universal approximation property enables q-Chlodowsky operators to approximate uncertainties, which consist of disturbances and unmodeled dynamics. It is verified that uniformly ultimately bounded stability of the tracking/approximation errors can be assured if the q-Chlodowsky operators are utilized as regressors and the polynomial coefficients are tuned by the adaptive laws calculated in the stability analysis. Moreover, it has been assumed that the rate of synchronization error is not at hand and a filter-based strategy has been adopted instead of designing an observer. The Duffing-Holmes oscillator is studied and the results are also compared with three powerful approximation-based and robust control methods. Unlike neural network/fuzzy estimators in which system states are necessary to define the regressor vector, the proposed uncertainty estimator does not require them in the regressor vector. Furthermore, in comparison with radial basis functions neural networks (RBFNNs), we are involved in fewer adaptive coefficients in the regressor vector of the proposed uncertainty estimator. As a result, the tedious and time-consuming procedure of trial and error for tuning the uncertainty estimator is eliminated.
Ambulant Methods and Rebel Becomings: Reanimating Language in Post-Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: MacLure Maggie
Published: July 2022

Language has been at the core of humanism, as a pre-eminently human capacity—the primary resource through which the world is mediated. What has/will become of language in the post-human turn? And what are the implications for post-qualitative method?
“Why I Stayed in That Relationship”: Barriers to Indigenous Women’s Ability to Leave Violent Relationships
Authors: McKinley Catherine E. , Liddell Jessica L.
Published: July 2022

Indigenous women in the United States are among the most vulnerable to intimate partner violence (IPV), which has reached endemic levels. The purpose of this qualitative inquiry was to understand contextual factors and barriers to becoming liberated from violence. Reconstructive analysis of data from a critical ethnography with a sample of 231 women across two tribes who described IPV relationships identified the following themes: controlling relationships, losing sense of priorities, using children, socioeconomic stress, family pressures, and restricting relationships. Results revealed these tactics, which parallel those used in the patriarchal colonialism of historical oppression, impeded women’s liberation from relationships.
Time-varying connectivity of the precuneus and its association with cognition and depressive symptoms in neuromyelitis optica: A pilot MRI study
Authors: Cacciaguerra Laura , Mistri Damiano , Valsasina Paola , Martinelli Vittorio , Filippi Massimo , Rocca Maria A
Published: July 2022

Background:

The precuneus is involved in cognition and depression; static functional connectivity (SFC) abnormalities of this region have been observed in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). Time-varying functional connectivity (TVC) underpins dynamic variations of brain connectivity.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to explore precuneus SFC and TVC in NMOSD patients and their associations with neuropsychological features.

Methods:

This retrospective study includes 27 NMOSD patients and 30 matched healthy controls undergoing resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a neuropsychological evaluation of cognitive performance and depressive symptoms. A sliding-window correlation analysis using bilateral precuneus as seed region assessed TVC, which was quantified by the standard deviation of connectivity across windows. Mean connectivity indicated SFC.

Results:

Compared to controls, patients had reduced SFC between precuneus, temporal lobe, putamen and cerebellum, and reduced TVC between precuneus and prefronto-parietal-temporo-occipital cortices and caudate. Patients also had increased intra-precuneal TVC and increased TVC between the precuneus and the temporal cortex. More severe depressive symptoms correlated with increased TVC between the precuneus and the temporal lobe; worse cognitive performance mainly correlated with higher TVC between the precuneus and the parietal lobe.

Conclusion:

TVC rather than SFC of the precuneus correlates with NMOSD neuropsychological features; different TVC abnormalities underlie depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment.