bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Handy Open-Source Application Based on Computer Vision and Machine Learning Algorithms to Count and Classify Microplastics
Authors: Massarelli Carmine , Campanale Claudia , Uricchio Vito Felice
Published: August 2021

Microplastics have recently been discovered as remarkable contaminants of all environmental matrices. Their quantification and characterisation require lengthy and laborious analytical procedures that make this aspect of microplastics research a critical issue. In light of this, in this work, we developed a Computer Vision and Machine-Learning-based system able to count and classify microplastics quickly and automatically in four morphology and size categories, avoiding manual steps. Firstly, an early machine learning algorithm was created to count and classify microplastics. Secondly, a supervised (k-nearest neighbours) and an unsupervised classification were developed to determine microplastic quantities and properties and discover hidden information. The machine learning algorithm showed promising results regarding the counting process and classification in sizes; it needs further improvements in visual class classification. Similarly, the supervised classification demonstrated satisfactory results with accuracy always greater than 0.9. On the other hand, the unsupervised classification discovered the probable underestimation of some microplastic shape categories due to the sampling methodology used, resulting in a useful tool for bringing out non-detectable information by traditional research approaches adopted in microplastic studies. In conclusion, the proposed application offers a reliable automated approach for microplastic quantification based on counts of particles captured in a picture, size distribution, and morphology, with considerable prospects in method standardisation.
Use of Electrocoagulation for Treatment of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Water/Wastewater: A Review Exploring Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Alam Rahat , Sheob Mohd , Saeed Bilal , Khan Saif Ullah , Shirinkar Maryam , Frontistis Zacharias , Basheer Farrukh , Farooqi Izharul Haq
Published: August 2021

Increasing dependency on pharmaceutical compounds including antibiotics, analgesics, antidepressants, and other drugs has threatened the environment as well as human health. Their occurrence, transformation, and fate in the environment are causing significant concerns. Several existing treatment technologies are there with their pros and cons for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater (PWW). Still, electrocoagulation is considered as the modern and decisive technology for treatment. In the EC process, utilizing electricity (AC/DC) and electrodes, contaminants become coagulated with the metal hydroxide and are separated by co-precipitation. The main mechanism is charge neutralization and adsorption of contaminants on the generated flocs. The range of parameters affects the EC process and is directly related to the removal efficiency and its overall operational cost. This process only could be scaled up on the industrial level if process parameters become optimized and energy consumption is reduced. Unfortunately, the removal mechanism of particular pharmaceuticals and complex physiochemical phenomena involved in this process are not fully understood. For this reason, further research and reviews are required to fill the knowledge gap. This review discusses the use of EC for removing pharmaceuticals and focuses on removal mechanism and process parameters, the cost assessment, and the challenges involved in mitigation.
Variation in Immune-Related Gene Expression Provides Evidence of Local Adaptation in Porites astreoides (Lamarck, 1816) between Inshore and Offshore Meta-Populations Inhabiting the Lower Florida Reef Tract, USA
Authors: Haslun Joshua A. , Hauff-Salas Briana , Strychar Kevin B. , Cervino James M. , Ostrom Nathaniel E.
Published: August 2021

Coral communities of the Florida Reef Tract (FRT) have changed dramatically over the past 30 years. Coral cover throughout the FRT is disproportionately distributed; >70% of total coral cover is found within the inshore patch reef zone (<2 km from shore) compared to 30% found within the offshore bank reef zone (>5 km from shore). Coral mortality from disease has been differentially observed between inshore and offshore reefs along the FRT. Therefore, differences between the response of inshore and offshore coral populations to bacterial challenge may contribute to differences in coral cover. We examined immune system activation in Porites astreoides (Lamarck, 1816), a species common in both inshore and offshore reef environments in the FRT. Colonies from a representative inshore and offshore site were reciprocally transplanted and the expression of three genes monitored biannually for two years (two summer and two winter periods). Variation in the expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit H (eIF3H), an indicator of cellular stress in Porites astreoides, did not follow annual patterns of seawater temperatures (SWT) indicating the contribution of other stressors (e.g., irradiance). Greater expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor associated factor 3 (TRAF3), a signaling protein of the inflammatory response, was observed among corals transplanted to, or located within the offshore environment indicating that an increased immune response is associated with offshore coral more so than the inshore coral (p < 0.001). Corals collected from the offshore site also upregulated the expression of adenylyl cyclase associated protein 2 (ACAP2), increases which are associated with decreasing innate immune system inflammatory responses, indicating a counteractive response to increased stimulation of the innate immune system. Activation of the innate immune system is a metabolically costly survival strategy. Among the two reefs studied, the offshore population had a smaller mean colony size and decreased colony abundance compared to the inshore site. This correlation suggests that tradeoffs may exist between the activation of the innate immune system and survival and growth. Consequently, immune system activation may contribute to coral community dynamics and declines along the FRT.
Customs regulation of activities on the territory of special economic zones
Authors: Iordanova Veronika Grigoryevna , Bojko Andrei Romanovich
Published: August 2021

In the article, the authors analyze the functioning of special economic zones in the Russian Federation. Currently, based on the established world practice, special economic zones can act as a catalyst for attracting foreign investment and ensuring effective regional socio-economic development. Therefore, according to the authors, the issues of improving the functioning of the SEZ are of particular importance. The analysis of the results of the functioning of special economic zones in the Russian Federation shows that there is a significant potential for their development. Due to the fact that the functioning of special economic zones is inextricably linked with the conduct of foreign economic activity, and the SEZs themselves are a tool for integrating the country into global value chains, the issues of customs regulation of activities on their territory become important, which acts as an effective way for the state to influence foreign economic activity and have significant opportunities in stimulating the development of special economic zones in the Russia. In this regard, the study of the application of customs regulation measures as important factors in the development of special economic zones in the Russian Federation is very relevant. Special attention was paid to the study of the regulatory framework for the application of customs procedures in respect of goods imported into the territory of special economic zones and exported from such territories. According to the results of the study, it was found that there are significant gaps in the current legislative regulation of this range of legal relations. The article formulates specific measures that can contribute to improving the efficiency of the functioning of special economic zones in the Russian Federation.
The influence of feed additives on the acceptance and quality of queen bees
Authors: Mukenov S. K.
Published: August 2021

Currently, many scientists have proven the positive influence of feed additives on the productivity of different types of farm animals including bees since feed additives have a positive effect on the honey productivity of bee colonies and the quality of queen bees. The purpose of our work was to identify the effect of probiotics on the background of the dietary supplement Eracond on the acceptance of larvae and the weight of infertile queens. The scientific and economic experiment has been carried out on bees of Bashkir breed in an apiary located in the village of Nekrasovka in the Kartalinsky district in the Chelyabinsk region. Three groups of queen-rearing colony have been formed three in each. In the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups against the background of dietary supplement Erakond (50 mg/ kg) have been given: in the 2nd experimental group sugar syrup with Lactobacterin three doses per family, in the 3rd experimental group sugar syrup with Vetom 1,1 at the dose of 50 mg/kg. As a result, all the additives in the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups gave a positive result. The greatest effect on all indicators has been obtained with the combined use of 50 % sugar syrup with the addition of Eracond phytopreparation (50 mg/kg) and Vetom 1,1 probiotic (50 mg/kg). Feeding these drugs to queen rearing colonies contributed to the increase in the acceptance of larvae by 23,3 %, compared with the control and by 7,8 % compared with the 2nd experimental group, also had the positive influence on the weight of infertile queens by 11,4 % compared with the control group. The use of Vetom and Eracond contributed to the increase in the egg production of queens by 64,2, 54,9 and 57,0 % compared with the control for three accounting periods as well as the increase in the honey collection by 33,83 % or 4,5 kg.
Russia and Europe: historical lessons
Authors: Vinokurov Vladimir I.
Published: August 2021

Тhe article deals with the results of the Patriotic War of 1812 and the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945. The analysis of these largest wars in the history of Russian-European relations is carried out, their comparison is made, their nature, character and driving forces are revealed. On the basis of this, it is concluded that both sides have not made the proper conclusions: Europe — in terms of the expediency and consequences of an attack on Russia, thereby violating the will of the iron Chancellor Otto von Bismarck: "Make alliances with anyone, start any wars, but never touch the Russians." Russia — timely opening and preparation for the upcoming tests in relations with Europe. Against the background of more than 200 years of history, the current state of relations between Russia and Europe, which has reached a low level, is considered. Although the leading European states, Germany and France, have not stopped political contacts with Russia, but the content of these contacts has become significantly poorer, the format has narrowed, and the tone has sharpened. In the military sphere, Europe in the Russian direction follows in principle the same course as the United States. Within the framework of NATO, European countries, led by the United States, have taken a number of steps that have restored, so far at a symbolic level, the military confrontation with Russia in eastern Europe. Moscow, for its part, has stepped up its own military activities near its western borders. As a result, Europe has ceased to be the island of security that it remained for the previous quarter of a century. This does not mean, of course, that relations between Russia and European countries are ending. In fact, Russia's practical needs require easing tensions with Europe as its largest trade and economic partner. With this in mind, Moscow has achieved some success in replacing the almost non-existentties with Brussels with meaningful bilateral relations with some EU countries. Despite the fact that the European Union's foreign policy apparatus is unable to form a unified geopolitical, economic and cultural front against Moscow, there is every reason to believe that the Kremlin intends to be guided by this strategy of bilateral relations in the coming years.
Peculiarities of the Uruguayan Foreign Service
Authors: Budaev Andrey V.
Published: August 2021

The article deals with the legal framework, priorities and characteristic features of the Uruguayan Foreign Ministry’s activities, which may be of certain interest from the point of view of the theory and practice of the diplomatic service. The author comes to the conclusion that the compact structure and small size of the Uruguayan Ministry of Foreign Affairs and of its overseas agencies allow not only to effectively fulfil the tasks, but also to quickly respond to modern challenges and adapt to new realities.
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Administrasi Data Kependudukan Desa Sumber Jaya, Kec. Kumpeh Ulu, Kab. Muaro Jambi
Authors: Khairuldi  , Mulyadi  , Nurhadi
Published: August 2021

Manajemen Pemerintahan Desa perlu dilakukan penataan Administrasi  agar lebih effektif dan effisien, penataan administrasi merupakan pencatatan data dan informasi dalam mendukung penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Desa, maka perlu dilakukan langkah penyempurnaan terhadap pelaksanaan administrasi data kependudukan. Desa Sumber Jaya  masih mengelola data belum terkomputerisasi secara optimal, dimana data-data masih disimpan dalam media buku dan tidak mempunyai aplikasi khusus, sehingga mengakibatkan lambatnya proses pencarian data dan penyajian informasi yang dibutuhkan. Hal ini dirasakan sudah tidak efisien dan efektif lagi, mengingat semakin banyaknya pencatatan data yang dilakukan setiap bulan. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut perlu dikembangkan aplikasi yang lebih optimal dan dapat berfungsi secara efektif. Aplikasi tersebut harus dapat membantu dalam melakukan evaluasi dan analisis terhadap berbagai permasalahan keputusan dapat dilakukan dengan akurat dan tepat waktu.
ANALISA PERGERAKAN ROBOT BERKAKI MENGGUNAKAN PROPOSIONAL INTEGRAL DERIVATIVE CONTROL
Authors: Eni  , Agus
Published: August 2021

Pada ajang Kontes Robot Indonesia (KRI) memiliki salah satu kategori yang dipertandingkan yaitu kontes Robot Pemadam Api Indonesia (KRPAI). Robot tersebut mempunyai misi untuk memadamkan api yang berada pada sebuah ruang. Gerakan kaki pada robot menggunakan sensor ultrasonik untuk mendeteksikan jarak pada sebuah ruangan. Dalam proses pencarian titik api, robot akan menelusuri setiap lorong. Dalam penelusuran setiap lorong diperlukan suatu cara agar robot dapat melewati dan menemukan setiap ruangan tanpa ada masalah. Salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk membantu robot dalam menelusuri ruangan adalah dengan menggunakan metode Proportional Integral Derivative Kontrol. Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) Kontrol merupakan pengendali yang umum digunakan dalam berbagai bidang industri salah satunya adalah untuk membuat pergerakan robot menjadi halus, cepat dan responsive. Kontrol ini dapat memberikan nilai keluaran dan nilai yang diinginkan (referensi) sedekat mungkin, dengan kata lain untuk menghasilkan error sekecil mungkin. Kontroler PID ini memiliki beberapa komponen yaitu Kontrol Proportional (Kp), Kontrol Integral (Ki), dan Kontrol Derivative (Kd). Target dan harapan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana mengopitmalkan pergerakan robot dengan menggunakan metode propotional integral derivative kontrol.

Kata Kunci : Robot, Proportional, Integral, Derivative, Kontrol.
PENGENALAN ALAT MUSIK TRADISIONAL BENGKULU MENGGUNAKAN AUGMENTED REALITY
Authors: Syaldanis  , Agung Kharisma
Published: August 2021

Setiap daerah memiliki ragam kebudayaan masing-masing, salah satunya yaitu berupa alat musik. Alat musik tradisional yang dimiliki suatu daerah menjadi ciri khas suatu daerah tersebut agar dikenal oleh masyarakat dan dunia luar. Kota Bengkulu memiliki alat musik tradisional yaitu Dol dan Tassa namun kurangnya media promosi informasi sehingga anak muda maupun masyarakat kurang mengenal tentang alat musik tradisional tersebut. Perlu adanya alternatif media tentang alat musik tradisional Bengkulu dalam bentuk 3 dimensi dengan memanfaatkan teknologi augmented reality dengan platform android yang sangat populer pada masa kini. Metode yang digunakan augmented reality adalah markerbased, marker yang digunakan pada aplikasi adalah Gambar Dol dan Tassa dalam bentuk 3 dimensi. Dengan adanya aplikasi ini dapat mengenalkan dan mempromosikan alat musik tradisional Bengkulu kepada masyarakat khususnya Kota Bengkulu maupun diluar daerah
EVALUASI KEGUNAAN APLIKASI SISTEM INFORMASI KOTA JAMBI (SIKOJA) DENGAN METODE SISTEM USABILITY SCALE (SUS)
Authors: Willy  , Irawan  , Marrylinteri
Published: August 2021

Sistem informasi pada perangkat seluler merupakan kombinasi perangkat lunak serta perangkat keras pada perangkat yang memiliki mobilitas tinggi guna mempermudah pengguna (user) dalam menyimpan, menerima, mengolah, serta mendistribusikan data kepada pengguna (user) lain. Salah satu bentuk aplikasi yang dirancang Dinas Komunikasi dan Informatika (Diskominfo Kota Jambi) dalam inovasi berbasis teknologi informasi guna mewujudkan Jambi Smart City berbasis IOS dan android yaitu Sistem Informasi Kota Jambi (SIKOJA) yang dapat di unduh sejak 30 Juli 2019. Untuk menjamin bahwa aplikasi SIKOJA telah sesuai dengan kebutuhan pengguna baik oleh pemerintah kota Jambi maupun masyarakat kota Jambi, maka perlu dilakukan evaluasi tingkat kegunaan (usability) agar konten yang disajikan sesuai dengan harapan pengguna. Belum adanya proses pengukuran tingkat kegunaan aplikasi SIKOJA hingga saat ini, mendorong penulis untuk melakukan evaluasi tingkat kegunaan aplikasi SIKOJA dengan menggunakan metode System Usability Scale (SUS). Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi tingkat kegunaan terhadap 109 orang (49,321%) dari 221 orang narasumber yang mengisi kuesioner dan pernah menggunakan aplikasi SIKOJA didapat nilai rata-rata skor SUS sebesar 65,459 dari skala maksimal 100, dapat disimpulkan bahwa aplikasi SIKOJA berada pada Rentang â€œMarginal Highâ€, dengan Nilai â€œDâ€, serta Rating â€œOKâ€. Dengan cukup banyaknya responden yang belum pernah menggunakan aplikasi tersebut sebesar 112 Orang (50,679%) maka diperlukan sosialisasi yang lebih gencar kepada masyarakat Kota Jambi oleh Diskominfo Kota Jambi tentang keberadaan dan manfaat aplikasi tersebut. Dari hasil observasi juga didapati bahwa informasi pada kolom Berita Kota Jambi yang disediakan oleh aplikasi SIKOJA cukup rutin di perbaharui.
Liberalizmin Öğretim Programına ve Eğitimin Yönetimine Etkileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: ERKILIÇ Turan Akman
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı liberalizmin öğretim ve eğitimin yönetimine etkilerini belirlemek ve tartışmaktır. Temel amaca bağlı olarak liberalizmin öğretimin programının ögelerine amaç, içerik-konu, öğretme ve öğrenme süreçleri ile ölçme değerlendirme boyutlarındaki etkilerinin neler olduğu ve öğretim programlarını nasıl etkilediği ile bir toplumsal kurum olarak eğitimin yönetimine kurumsal yönetim ile ekonomi-politik boyutlardaki etkileri ve yansımaları araştırılmıştır. Çalışma, bütünleştirilmiş alanyazın taramasına dayalı alan incelemesi türünde bir araştırmadır. Çalışmada liberalizm ve eğitime etkileri sorunu analiz, sentez ve sonuçlar bağlamında değerlendirilmiş ve önerilere yer verilmiştir. Liberalizme göre eğitim sistemlerinin amacı özgür ve ekonomik bireyi yetiştirmektir. Programların içeriğinde özgürlükçülük ve çok yönlülük egemen olmalıdır. Öğretme ve öğrenme süreçlerinde görecelik ve duruma uygunluk olmalıdır. Ölçmede ise bireysel hak ve özgürlüklerin bilincinde etkili, verimli, bağımsız ve bireyin yaşama hazırlıklı olup olmadığı ölçülmelidir. Liberalizmin eğitim kurumlarının yönetimi boyutlu etkileri merkezden yönetim yerine yerelden yönetim, öğrenen ve velinin yönetime katılması, küreselleşme kuralsızlaştırma, toplam kalite yönetimi ve akademik ve yönetsel özerklik biçiminde belirlenmiştir. Liberalizmin eğitime ekonomi-politik boyutlu etki ve yansımaları; eğitimde özelleştirme, eğitim hizmetlerinden yararlananların eğitime mali katkısı, eğitimin piyasalaştırılması, eğitimin dışsallık argümanlarının zayıflatılması imajıdır. Liberalizmin eğitim alanına etkileri alan uzmanlarına sorularak nicel ve nitel araştırmalar yapılabilir. Ayrıca diğer sosyoekonomik politik yaklaşımların eğitime etkilerini karşılaştıran araştırmalar yapılabilir.
La ciencia en tiempos de pandemia / Science in times of pandemic
Authors: Jaimes Alicia Sánchez , Chávez Abraham Nares
Published: August 2021

La pandemia derivada del coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 ha hecho claramente visible la importancia de la ciencia y cómo ésta presta un servicio esencial a la sociedad.Ahora que la enfermedad COVID-19 ha afectado a gran parte de la humanidad, la ciencia se ha infiltrado en nuestros hogares y está presente en nuestras conversaciones y en nuestras actividades diarias.En estos tiempos en los que reina la incertidumbre, parece que lo único que nos da tranquilidad es conocer los avances científicos que se están produciendo en el control de esta enfermedad. Por ello, es conveniente destacar la importancia de la Ciencia y la Tecnología para el desarrollo de las sociedades y la necesidad de invertir en ellas para lograr este objetivo.
A média gerência e ambidesteridade organizacional: O papel moderador da liderança transformacional / Middle management and organizational ambidexterity: the moderating role of transformational leadership
Authors: De Carvalho Antonio Oliveira , De Matos Hélio Trindade , Ribeiro Ivano , Rodrigues Jaime Blanco
Published: August 2021

Neste artigo analisamos a ambidesteridade organizacional como aspecto dinâmico e diretamente relacionado a liderança. As empresas capazes de explorarem os atuais negócios e, simultaneamente prospectarem novas estratégias ou tecnologias para aproveitamento de novas oportunidades, são denominadas de empresas ambidestras. Contudo, combinar estas duas diferentes perspectivas não é tão simples, requer à presença de elementos muitas vezes conflitantes entre si. Nesta perspectiva, dentre os grandes desafios para obtenção da ambidesteridade estão questões relacionadas à própria equipe de gestão. Neste estudo analisamos o papel de atributos da equipe de média gerencia e a influência da liderança transformacional sobre a variável ambidesteridade. O estudo foi realizado a partir da aplicação de um questionário já testado e validado por Jansen et al. (2006) junto 48 gerentes de nível médio, de uma empresa de alta tecnologia do estado de São Paulo – Brasil e foram analisadas as relações dos aspectos: visão compartilhada, integração social, recompensas contingenciais e liderança transformacional como elementos influenciadores da ambidesteridade. Os resultados indicam que a visão compartilhada é de grande relevância no processo de inovação, havendo uma relação positiva entre a integração da equipe com o nível de ambidesteridade. As recompensas também estão relacionadas positivamente com o aspecto analisado, sendo que a liderança transformacional foi uma moderadora positiva entre visão e ambidesteridade.
IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN ELDERLY AND SENILE PATIENTS
Authors: Богданов А. Н. , Волошин С. В. , Тыренко В. В. , Поляков А. С.
Published: August 2021

Анемический синдром выявляется у /популяции, в том числе железодефицитная анемия - у 1,5 млрд человек. Гериатрические пациенты являются одной из основных групп риска развития анемии. Дефицит железа и железодефицитная анемия приводят к снижению качества жизни, повышению заболеваемости и летальности, что обусловливает необходимость своевременной диагностики и лечения. Диагностический алгоритм включает анализ параметров феррокинетики, маркеров воспаления и инструментальные исследования для верификации причины анемии. Для лечения используют современные препараты железа для приема внутрь и парентерального введения под контролем показателей крови и феррокинетики.

Anemic syndrome is common in / of the population, including iron deﬁciency anemia - in 1,5 billion people. Geriatric patients are one of the main risk group for anemia. Iron deﬁciency and iron deﬁciency anemia lead to a decrease in quality of life, an increase in morbidity and mortality, what requires timely diagnosis and treatment. The diagnostic algorithm includes the analysis of iron metabolism, inﬂammation markers and instrumental tests to verify the cause of anemia. Modern oral and parenteral iron preparations are used for treatment under control of blood indexes and iron metabolism parameters.
INTEGRATED GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT - RESOLVED AND UNRESOLVED ISSUES (REVIEW)
Authors: Лаптева Е.С. , Арьев А. Л. , Цуцунава М.Р. , Арьева Г.Т.
Published: August 2021

В обзоре представлен анализ литературы по спорным вопросам использования комплексной гериатрической оценки. При всей ее очевидной значимости и целесообразности остаются вопросы - кто, где и когда ее проводит? Первоначально ее проведение должно быть одномоментным или поэтапным? Какие промежуточные и конечные точки исследования? Какой инструмент для ее скрининга является наименее трудоемким и продолжительным? Делается вывод, что многие вопросы до настоящего времени не решены и необходимы дальнейшие исследования по данной проблеме.

The review presents an analysis of the literature on the controversial issues of the use of Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment. For all its obvious significance and expediency, the questions remain WHO, WHERE and WHEN conducts it? Should it initially be one-step or step-by-step? What are the intermediate and end points of the study? Which tool for its screening is the least time-consuming and long-lasting? It is concluded that many issues have not yet been resolved and further research is needed on this issue.
ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICES AS THE INDICATORS OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION RISK IN A GROUP OF ELDERLY WOMEN OF THE CITY OF BELGOROD
Authors: Бахолдина В.Ю. , Кощавка С.В.
Published: August 2021

Было проведено сравнительное изучение трёх антропометрических индексов в качестве обобщённых характеристик морфологического статуса в связи с показателями АД в группе 50 женщин города Белгорода. Возраст участниц находился в возрастном диапазоне 50-79 лет, средний возраст - 61 год. В современной научной литературе широко обсуждается проблема выбора среди антропометрических индексов наиболее достоверного предиктора метаболических нарушений и связанных с ними заболеваний, в том числе повышенного АД. В работе рассмотрены три наиболее широко применяемых антропометрических индекса - ИМТ, индекс талия-бедра (ИТБ) и индекс талия-длина тела (ИТДТ). Индексы ИМТ и ИТДТ лучше, чем ИТБ отражают морфологические особенности выборки, которая отличается тенденцией к повышенной массе тела и повышенным обхватным размерам. Наиболее высокие и достоверные связи с АД в изученной выборке женщин выявлены для ИМТ. Итоги проведённого исследования подтверждают высокую прогностическую значимость ИМТ как показателя риска артериальной гипертензии и связанных с этим метаболических нарушений.

A comparative study of three anthropometric indices as generalized characteristics of the morphological status of elderly women of Belgorod (sample size 50) in the connection with blood pressure (BP) was conducted. The age of the participants ranges from 50 to 79, with the average age of 61. In modern scientific literature, the problem of choosing among anthropometric indices the most reliable predictor of metabolic disorders and related diseases, including high BP, is widely discussed. The paper considers three most widely used anthropometric indices - body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WtHR). BMI and WtHR better reflect morphological specificity of the sample, with a tendency to increased body mass and girths. The highest and most reliable associations with BP are identified for BMI. The results of the study confirm the high predictive value of BMI as an indicator of the risk of arterial hypertension and associated metabolic disorders
RISK FACTORS OF FRAILTY IN ELDERLY WOMEN WITH THE CHRONIC NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Authors: Курмаев Д.П. , Булгакова С.В. , Захарова Н.О.
Published: August 2021

На фоне постарения населения отмечается увеличение частоты и распространенности хронических неинфекционных заболеваний с возрастом. Синдром старческой астении, частота которого также растет по мере старения, рассматривается как прогностический фактор неблагоприятных исходов хронических заболеваний и смертности у гериатрических пациентов. При этом у женщин старческая хрупкость встречается чаще, чем у мужчин. Более ранняя диагностика и выявление признаков старческой астении необходимо для профилактики прогрессирования как самого синдрома, так и множественных возрастассоциированных хронических заболеваний.

Against the background of an aging population, there is an increase in the frequency and prevalence of chronic non-infectious diseases with age. The syndrome of frailty, the frequency of which also increases with aging, is considered as a prognostic factor for the adverse outcomes of chronic diseases and mortality among geriatric patients. Moreover, in women, frailty is more common than in men. An earlier diagnosis and identification of signs of frailty is necessary to prevent the progression of both the syndrome itself and multiple age-associated chronic diseases.
AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
Authors: Борисова Л.В. , Пушкин А.С. , Ким С.В. , Аничков Н.М. , Рукавишникова С.А.
Published: August 2021

За последнее десятилетие проявился большой интерес к гематологическим показателям в качестве маркеров для оценки тяжести поражения коронарных сосудов и стратификации риска сердечно-сосудистых событий у больных острым коронарным синдромом. Для понимания возможности применения гематологических показателей в качестве предикторов неблагоприятных исходов у данной категории пациентов стал вопрос уточнения их возрастных изменений. В данном исследовании рассматриваются возрастные изменения гематологических показателей у пациентов с острым коронарным синдромом.

Over the past decade, there has been a great interest in hematological indicators as markers for assessing the severity of coronary artery disease and stratifying the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome. To understand the possibility of using hematological indicators as predictors of adverse outcomes in this category of patients, the question of clarifying their age-related changes became a question. This study discusses age-related changes in hematological parameters in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
THE RESULTS OF AUDITORY TRAINING IN VIRTUAL REALITY IN PATIENTS OF OLDER AGE GROUPS
Authors: Владимирова Т.Ю. , Айзенштадт Л.В. , Давыдкин-Гогель М.М.
Published: August 2021

Увеличение продолжительности жизни населения отражается как на статистических данных по хронической сенсоневральной тугоухости, так и на вопросах, касающихся методов реабилитации слуха. Проведена оценка эффективности применения слуховых тренировок с использованием разработанной нами программы виртуальной реальности у пациентов старших возрастных групп как дополнительного метода реабилитации. В исследовании приняли участие 68 пациентов (средний возраст - 81,3±2,1 года), по итогам тренировок оценены показатели речевого и пространственного слуха.

The increase in life expectancy of the population is reflected both in statistics on chronic sensorineural hearing loss and on issues related to hearing rehabilitation methods. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of auditory training using the virtual reality program developed by us in patients of older age groups as an additional method of rehabilitation was carried out. 68 patients took part in the study (average age was 81,3±2,1 years), according to the results of the training, the parameters of speech and spatial hearing were evaluated.
EFFICIENCY OF REHABILITATION IN PERSONS OF MIDDLE AND ELDERLY AGE WITH KNEE JOINT INJURIES
Authors: Бобунов Д.Н. , Карелин Н.А. , Абрамова О.В. , Иорданишвили А.К.
Published: August 2021

Травматические повреждения коленного сустава у лиц среднего и пожилого возраста статистически составляют большую часть травм нижней конечности. Существует большое количество разработок по восстановлению коленного сустава после травм, но единые подходы к алгоритму реабилитации не сформированы. Цель работы - оценка эффективности комплекса физических упражнений для лечения и профилактики травматических повреждений коленного сустава у пациентов среднего и пожилого возраста (МКБ-10: S80-S89). Заявляемый комплекс апробирован на 148 пациентах, у которых длительность ремиссии составила 12-36 мес. Раннее применение физических упражнений при травмах коленного сустава у людей среднего и пожилого возраста было связано в первую очередь с упреждением вероятных осложнений, стимуляцией компенсаторно-приспособительных реакций деятельности органов и систем организма.

Traumatic injuries of the knee joint of middle and elderly age account for the majority of injuries of the lower limb. There is a large number of developments in the rehabilitation of the knee joint after injuries, but unified approaches to the rehabilitation algorithm have not been formed. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of a set of physical exercises for the treatment and prevention of traumatic injuries of the knee joint in middle-aged and elderly patients (ICD-10: S80-S89). The claimed complex has been tested in 148 patients in whom the duration of remission was 12-36 months. The early use of physical exercises for injuries of the knee joint in middle-aged and elderly people is associated, first of all, with the anticipation of probable complications, stimulation of compensatory-adaptive reactions of the activity of organs and systems of the body.
COGNITIVE RESERVES: PREFRONTAL CORTEX OR INFORMATION LOAD?
Authors: Бакаев М.А. , Разумникова О.М.
Published: August 2021

Информационные технологии становятся всё более важным инструментом научного познания в связи с экспоненциальным увеличением количества публикаций, представляющих результаты нейробиологических и психологических исследований. Для выявления предикторов когнитивных резервов и методик их определения на основе разработанной прикладной онтологии нами выполнен библиометрический анализ публикаций, содержащихся в базе данных PubMed. Показано, что ежегодный рост количества релевантных теме публикаций в период 1990- 2019 гг. составил 11%, что превышает средний по науке. Среди психофизиологических индикаторов когнитивных резервов наибольший интерес отмечен к изучению префронтальной коры головного мозга, бета-диапазона (13-30 Гц) ЭЭГ, тормозных процессов и информационной нагрузки. Анализ роли этих факторов свидетельствует, что формирование и/или реализация когнитивных резервов обеспечивается вследствие тормозных функций префронтальной коры головного мозга для эффективной селекции релевантных стимулов в условиях информационной нагрузки. Выделенные предикторы когнитивных резервов и наиболее популярные методики их психометрической оценки могут быть полезны для выбора новых направлений исследований в геронтологии.

Information technology is becoming an increasingly important tool of scientific knowledge due to the exponential growth of the number of publications presenting the results of neurobiological and psychological research. To identify predictors of cognitive reserves and methods for their determination based on the developed applied ontology, we performed a bibliometric analysis of publications contained in the PubMed database. It is shown that the annual growth in the number of publications relevant to the topic in the period 1990-2019 was 11%, which is higher than the average for science. We found the following psychophysiological indicators of cognitive reserves to gain the greatest increase in the interest of researchers: prefrontal cortex, beta range (13-30 Hz) of EEG, inhibition and information load. Analysis of the role of these factors suggests that the development and/or realization of cognitive reserves is provided due to inhibitory functions of the prefrontal cortex for the effective selection of relevant stimuli under conditions of information load. The identified predictors of cognitive reserves and the most popular methods of their psychometric assessment can be useful for choosing new areas of research in gerontology.
MENOPAUSAL HORMONAL THERAPY AND BREAST CANCER
Authors: Бахидзе Е.В. , Беляева А.В. , Берлев И.В. , Анисимов В.Н. , Беляев А.М.
Published: August 2021

Наиболее распространенным методом лечения климактерического синдрома является менопаузальная гормональная терапия (МГТ), однако безопасность ее применения, в связи с риском развития и рецидива рака молочной железы (РМЖ), до сих пор является предметом дискуссии. В обзоре приводятся результаты рандомизированных контролируемых исследований этой проблемы. Показано, что МГТ повышает риск развития РМЖ и рецидива заболевания после лечения. Риск РМЖ, развивающегося у женщин, получающих МГТ, зависит от ИМТ, длительности приема и дозы препаратов и выше у худых женщин, чем у женщин с повышенным ИМТ, а также выше у женщин, принимающих комбинированную МГТ (эстроген и прогестаген), по сравнению с женщинами, принимающими только эстрогенную терапию. Обнаружено, что у женщин, принимавших МГТ, чаще развивались гормонозависимые формы рака, но к моменту диагностики заболевания выявлялись более распространенные стадии и чаще обнаруживались метастазы в лимфатические узлы по сравнению с женщинами, не принимавшими МГТ. Риск рецидива РМЖ меньше при применении низких доз вагинального эстрогена. Альтернативным вариантом купирования менопаузальных расстройств у пациенток на фоне и после лечения РМЖ может стать применение гормона эпифиза мелатонина, поскольку наряду с его геропротекторными свойствами он способен подавлять рак на этапах инициации, прогрессирования и метастазирования и обладает способностью уменьшать токсические последствия противоопухолевых препаратов при одновременном повышении их эффективности.

The most common treatment for menopausal syndrome is menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), however, the safety of MHT, due to the risk of developing and recurrent breast cancer (BC), is still a matter of debate. The review presents the results of randomized cohort studies of this issue. It has been shown that MHT increases the risk of developing of breast cancer and disease recurrence after treatment. Risk of breast cancer developing in women getting MHT, depends on body mass index (BMI), duration of hormone use and dose of drugs, and is greater in thin women comparing with women with increased BMI, and also greater in estrogen-progestin combined MHT users comparing with estrogen-only users. It was found that in women using MHT hormone-dependent forms of cancer developed more often, but by the time of diagnosis, disease was found in more advanced stage and metastases in lymph nodes were found more often comparing with patients who did not use MHT. Risk of breast cancer recurrence is less with the use of low doses of vaginal estrogen. An alternative option for the relief of menopausal disorders in breast cancer patients during and after treatment is using of pineal gland hormone melatonin, since, along with its anti-aging properties, it is able to suppress cancer at the stages of initiation, progression and metastasis and has the ability to reduce the toxic effects of anticancer drugs while increasing their effectiveness.
AGING FOOT SYNDROME: PATIENTS SCREENING AND ROUTING
Authors: Горелик С.Г. , Ильницкий А.Н. , Прощаев К.И. , Осипова О.А. , Бутикова Е.С. , Фесенко Э.В.
Published: August 2021

В статье показано, что при оказании медицинской и социальной помощи пациентам старших возрастных групп целесообразно обращать внимание не только на наличие соматических заболеваний и общих гериатрических синдромов, но и проводить скрининг локальных гериатрических синдромов, таких как, в частности, синдром возрастной стопы, которые также влияют на функциональный статус пациентов. Применение скрининга синдрома возрастной стопы, маршрутизации пациентов, а также мер восстановительного лечения позволяют поддерживать на должном уровне состояние общей двигательной активности пациента и качества жизни.

The article proves that when providing medical and social care to patients of older age groups, it is advisable to pay attention not only to the patients’ somatic and geriatric status, but also to perform screening of local geriatric syndromes that affect the patients’ functional status, such as, in particular, aging foot syndrome. Implementation of rehabilitation treatment measures that we propose allows to maintain the patients’ mobility level and consequently their general functional capability level and quality of life.
RELATIONSHIP OF KIDNEY FUNCTIONS WITH GERIATRIC SYNDROMES IN ELDERLY AND OLD WOMEN
Authors: Курмаев Д.П. , Булгакова С.В. , Захарова Н.О. , Тренева Е.В. , Николаева А.В.
Published: August 2021

На фоне старения происходит увеличение числа заболеваний, ассоциированных с возрастом, гериатрических синдромов, способствующих развитию нарушений физической и функциональной активности, усиливается риск инвалидизации и смертности. Одним из широко распространенных заболеваний является ХБП, которая опасна не только сама по себе, но и как фактор прогрессирования других возраст-ассоциированных заболеваний и гериатрических синдромов, в том числе старческой астении и саркопении. У пациентов старших возрастных групп ХБП чаще встречается у женщин, чем у мужчин. Ряд исследователей изучают проблемы полиморбидности, развитие и прогрессирование гериатрических синдромов у пациентов с ХБП додиализной и диализной стадий. Несомненна отрицательная роль тяжелых поздних стадий ХБП в развитии старческой астении и саркопении, в то же время связь этих гериатрических синдромов с ранними додиализными стадиями ХБП изучена недостаточно. Поэтому представляет несомненный научный интерес выявление корреляции признаков саркопении и старческой астении у женщин пожилого и старческого возраста в зависимости от функции почек, стадии ХБП.

Against the background of aging, there is an increase in the number of diseases associated with age, geriatric syndromes that contribute to the development of disorders of physical and functional activity, the risk of disability and mortality increases. One of the widespread diseases is chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is dangerous not only in itself, but also as a factor in the progression of other age-associated diseases and geriatric syndromes, including frailty and sarcopenia. Among patients of older age groups, CKD is more common in women than in men. A number of researchers are studying the problems of polymorbidity, the development and progression of geriatric syndromes in patients with CKD in the pre-dialysis and dialysis stages. Undoubtedly, the negative role of severe late stages of CKD in the development of senile asthenia and sarcopenia, at the same time, the relationship of these geriatric syndromes with early pre-dialysis stages of CKD has been insufficiently studied. Therefore, it is of undoubted scientific interest to identify correlations between signs of sarcopenia and frailty in elderly and senile women, depending on renal function, stage of CKD.
INDICATORS OF ORAL FLUID AND THEIR CORRECTION BY MEANS OF HYGIENE IN ELDERLY PEOPLE WITH GENERAL SOMATIC DISEASES
Authors: Улитовский С.Б. , Алексеева Е.С. , Васянина А. А. , Калинина О.В. , Ермолаева Л. А.
Published: August 2021

Приведены результаты исследования ротовой жидкости у лиц старшего возраста с соматической патологией, наблюдение за которыми проводили на протяжении 1 мес. Оценивали кислотно-осно' вное состояние ротовой жидкости, определяли вязкость ротовой жидкости. По результатам исследования ротовой жидкости и ее коррекции средствами гигиены у лиц старшего возраста с соматическими заболеваниями отмечали динамику показателей кислотно-осно'вного состояния ротовой жидкости, его сдвиг в щелочную сторону и положительную динамику состояния вязкости ротовой жидкости. Для обеспечения снижения риска неблагоприятных воздействий при изменении состояния ротовой жидкости необходим совместный подход с участием всех медицинских работников, учитывающий детерминанты здоровья и обеспечивающий разработку эффективных методов профилактики стоматологических заболеваний у лиц старшего возраста.

The results of the study of oral fluid in older persons with somatic pathology, which was followed for 1 month, are presented. The acid-base state of the oral fluid was evaluated, and the viscosity of the oral fluid was determined. According to the results of the study of oral fluid and its correction by means of hygiene in older persons with somatic diseases, the dynamics of the indicators of the acid-base state of the oral fluid, its shift to the alkaline side and the positive dynamics of the effect of the viscosity of the oral fluid were noted. To ensure that the risk of adverse effects from changes in the state of the oral fluid is reduced, a joint approach involving all health professionals is needed, taking into account the determinants of health and ensuring the development of effective methods for the prevention of dental diseases in older persons.
SOME ASPECTS OF IMPROVING THE MEDICAL AND SOCIAL REHABILITATION OF THE ELDERLY WHO PERMANENTLY LIVE IN GENERAL-TYPE BOARDING SCHOOLS
Authors: Меметов С.С. , Кобзев Ю.В. , Петрова В.Н. , Ким В.В. , Середа А. Н.
Published: August 2021

В статье изучена потребность пожилых лиц и инвалидов, постоянно проживающих в учреждении социального обслуживания с круглосуточным пребыванием, в мерах по медико-социальной реабилитации с учетом возрастнополовой структуры контингента, наличием группы инвалидности и индивидуальных программ реабилитации (абилитации) инвалида. Установлена необходимость совершенствования мер по медико-социальной реабилитации, обеспечению и совершенствованию трудовой занятости в условиях учреждений и развитию их досуга, что позволит значительно повысить качество жизни этого контингента лиц. Приведены примеры положительного опыта работы в этом направлении в других регионах РФ.

The article reflects the age and gender structure of the contingent of elderly people living in a General boarding house. The most common diseases in this category of persons, the presence of a disability group and individual programs for rehabilitation (habilitation) of the disabled person were established. The need for medical care, including medicines, was studied. There is a need to improve measures for medical and social rehabilitation, including in improving the employment of this contingent of people and the development of their leisure time. Examples of positive experience in this area among other regions of the Russian Federation are given.
Etica, valores y trabajo social
Authors:   , Cañizares Brian Zeeb
Published: August 2021

La tesis tiene por finalidad analizar la discusión de los fundamentos valorativos que dan sustento a las discusiones de la ética profesional en el Trabajo Social argentino desde una perspectiva ontológica, bien como realizar una propuesta reflexiva orientada a la construcción de una ética profesional con base en la emancipación humana. Se analizan en este sentido las tendencias dadas por los valores considerados en los códigos de ética de los colegios y consejos profesionales del país, bien como de documentos emanados de las federaciones. Se plantea, asimismo, un desafío a la construcción de una ética crítica, de basamento marxiano-lukácsiano.