bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vulvar pyoderma gangrenosum
Authors: McCalmont C.S. , Leshin B. , White W.L. , Greiss F.C. , Jorizzo J.L.
Published: April 2004

Pyoderma gangrenosum is an idiopathic dermatologic disease manifested by painful cutaneous ulceration. The ulcers are characterized by their undermined, violaceous borders and necrotic tissue at the ulcer base. The lesions may have an unusual response to physical manipulation known as pathergy, a phenomenon that is manifested by rapid progression following debridement. Pyoderma gangrenosum is frequently associated with systemic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic active hepatitis and hematologic malignancies. Conservative wound care and systemic corticosteroids are usually effective therapy. We report the second case in the gynecologic literature of a patient with vulvar pyoderma gangrenosum.
Criteria for the selection of experiences and content in midwifery education
Authors: Okafor C.
Published: April 2004

Selection of content and learning experiences for any educational endeavor is based on the aim and objectives for setting up the program, and the competencies required of graduates of the school To exclude those experiences that will lead to skill in the management of obstetric emergencies, and at the same time expect midwives to function independently in rural communities is a negation of basic curriculum planning principles. The range of experiences available to the contemporary curriculum planner in the health field is infinite. However, due to the changing nature of societal needs in the health field, and the rapid obsolescence of previously held assumptions about health care services and the role of midwives. selection of experiences requires creativity and well defined criteria for judgment. Those suggested in this paper are validity, comprehensiveness, pattern, balance, relevance, and continuity. The six criteria are discussed to show the relevance of each to some of the current weaknesses in midwifery education in Nigeria.
Pelvic surgery, reproductive factors and risk of ectopic pregnancy: a case controlled study
Authors: Michalas S. , Minaretzis D. , Tsionou Ch. , Maos G. , Kioses E. , Aravantinos D.
Published: April 2004

A case controlled study among 361 women with surgically treated ectopic pregnancy and 420 women delivered at term was designed, aiming at characterization of the association among previous pelvic operations, selected reproductive factors and ectopic pregnancy. All types of previous pelvic operations increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy from a 2‐fold increase for appendectomy to a 9‐fold increase for ectopic pregnancy, if maternal age, parity, history of spontaneous and induced abortions and history of infertility is controlled. This study suggests that a previous pelvic operation may increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy.
Nonsurgical treatment of ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Tulandi T.
Published: April 2004

Expectant management and medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy either systemically or locally are reviewed. Because of the risks of tubal rupture, this nonsurgical management should be done with utmost care. To date, surgical removal of an ectopic pregnancy remains the method of choice and this can be safely done by laparoscopy. Alternate treatments should be carefully evaluated in clinical trials.
Risk factors for maternal mortality: Results of a case‐control study conducted in Conakry (Guinea)
Authors: Thonneau P. , Touré B. , Cantrelle P. , Barry T.M. , Papiernik E.
Published: April 2004

Objective: To assess the risk factors of maternal mortality in an urban area of West Africa (Conakry, capital of Guinea). Method: A case‐control study where 102 maternal deaths were compared with 338 control women who had given birth and survived, during 1 year (from July 1, 1989 to June 30, 1990). Result: Of all the socio‐demographic variables studied, only a low family income (R = 2.6; 1.1–6.5) was found to be a risk factor for maternal death In the obstetrical part of the survey, neither parity nor the number or location of pre‐natal consultations constituted risk factors. However, the presence during pregnancy or delivery of signs of infection (R = 3.7; 1.4–9.8), anemia (R = 2.1; 1.1–4.1), hypertension (R = 19.8; 5.8–67.8) and dystocia (R = 9.0; 3.7–21.5) were found to be the main predictive risk factors of maternal death. The maternal mortality risk was multiplied by 12 if the woman had had a cesarean section, and by 4 in the case of complications in the post‐partum period. Conclusion: To achieve substantial reductions in maternal mortality levels, work must be done on these specific risk factors, and future programs must urgently be concentrated on a higher standard of pre‐natal monitoring, obstetrical emergency facilities and training of obstetrical staff.
Cervical carcinoma in young patients: Clinical and pathological variables
Authors: Mariani L. , Iacovelli A. , Vincenzoni C. , Diotallevi F.F. , Atlante M. , Lombardi A.
Published: April 2004

Twenty‐five (10.2%) out of 243 untreated patients with invasive cervical carcinoma were 35 years old or younger. When matching the clinical and pathological variables between the younger and the older women, the former were characterized by a higher rate of Stage IB disease (P = 0.10), G3 and G4 tumors (P = 0.25), bulky lesions (P = 0.05) and node metastases (P = 0.50). In spite of this poorer pathological profile, both the 5‐year diseasefree survival rate (75%) and survival according to stage of the younger women were similar to those reported in larger series, regardless of the patients' age. No modification of the standard therapy is therefore required in younger patients.
Pregnancy and successful delivery in a patient with triple heart valve prosthesis
Authors: Furui T. , Kurauchi O. , Oguchi H. , Nomura S. , Mizutani S. , Tomoda Y.
Published: April 2004

A 42‐year‐old patient had a history of rheumatic fever in childhood. At 37 years of age, she underwent a triple heart valve replacement; thereafter, she was followed with the administration of warfarin and methyldigoxin. Her third pregnancy occurred with the last menstruation on 12 March 1990. At the 30th gestational week, she was admitted to the Nagoya University Hospital for the control of anticoagulation and rest. She delivered by cesarean section a healthy male infant weighing 2070 g at 34 weeks of gestation. The postoperative course was uneventful. This report shows that a patient with a three heart valve prosthesis tolerated pregnancy well under intense medical supervision.
Immunohistochemical studies of the uterine cervix after CO2 laser conization
Authors: Miyako J. , Iwanari O. , Kitao M.
Published: April 2004

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the process of the maturation of cervical epithelium after CO2 laser conization. METHOD: Specimens from the uterine cervix (248) resected from 31 premenopausal females who had hysterectomy after CO2 laser conization were studied with 2 kinds of anti‐keratin monoclonal antibodies (PKK‐1, KL‐1). RESULT: (i) The epithelium covered stroma after 4–6 weeks. (ii) In the normal S‐C junction, KL‐1 was localized to the middle and upper layers, and PKK‐1 to the basal layer. (iii) The staining patterns of KL‐1 and PKK‐1 in the S‐C junctions after conization could be classified into 4 groups according to localization and staining intensity. (iv) The S‐C junction appeared normal in all specimens 7 weeks after conization. CONCLUSION: The regenerating epithelium covered the stroma within 4–6 weeks, but resolution of squamous epithelial metaplasia only occurred 7 weeks after conization.
Primary twin ovarian pregnancy
Authors: Tuncer R. , Sipahi T. , Erkaya S. , Akar N.K. , Bayşar N.S. , Erçevik S.
Published: April 2004

A 20‐year‐old‐woman, gravida II, para I, was admitted to the hospital with vaginal bleeding 17 weeks after her last menstrual period. Her pelvic examination was found to be compatible with 3.5 months of pregnancy by the attending physician. Ultrasonographic examination revealed an empty uterus and two dead fetuses with biometric data consistent with 14 weeks of pregnancy located in the left ovarian region. She was subjected to an explorative laparotomy and an intact gestational sac including the left ovary with normal tubes was observed; a unilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy was carried out. Histologic studies confirmed a twin ovarian pregnancy. Although rare, ovarian pregnancy should be considered when approaching a case of ectopic pregnancy. Early diagnosis is generally based on ultrasonographic findings. Advanced cases with unruptured sac and multiple gestations may also be present.
External four‐channel tocography during delivery
Authors: Spätling L. , Fallenstein F. , Danders R. , Hasenburg A.
Published: April 2004

Objective: A four‐channel tocographic technique was developed in order to improve present knowledge of spatial uterine motility. Method: Fifty‐four women were monitored during labor. Four pressure transducers were attached in a square around the umbilicus. Results: The origin of uterine contractions was generally determined to be in the upper right segment of the uterus. The rate of operative deliveries was decreased in the case of predominant upper right origin of labor. Most of the contractions with clear propagation patterns originated on the upper right side, continued to the left and then spread to the lower right part of the uterus. The highest relative intensity was also measured on the upper right side. Conclusion: Predominant upper right origin of labor may be important for unassisted or spontaneous delivery.
Malignant mixed Müllerian tumors of the uterus
Authors: To W.W.K. , Ngan H.Y.S.
Published: April 2004

Objective: To review the prognostic factors of Chinese women with mixed Müllerian tumors of the uterus. Method: A retrospective review of 21 cases of malignant mixed Müllerian tumors of the uterus treated during the 10‐year period from 1980 to 1990. Results: All patients except one were postmenopausal. The incidence of previous pelvic irradiation was 9.5%. The most common presenting symptom was abnormal vaginal bleeding. One‐third of patients yielded an abnormal cervical smear. Treatment included surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the majority of patients. Prognosis was poor with only three long‐term survivors, all with stage‐I homologous tumors with superficial myometrial invasion. The survival rate for stage‐I and ‐II disease at 2 years was 50% and for more advanced disease extending beyond the uterus was 0%. The survival rate for all stages at 5 years was 14.3%, and the cumulative probability of survival at 5 years was 0.165. Conclusion: The most important prognostic factors appear to be the extent of tumor involvement at the time of diagnosis and the depth of myometrial invasion.
Uterine hydatid cyst
Authors: Okumuş Y. , Tayyar M. , Patiroǧlu T. , Aygen E
Published: April 2004

Hydatid cyst is a parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus. Although the first and most important site for this parasite is the liver, it can be seen in pelvic organs as well. However, primary involvement is very rare. We report and discuss a case with a primary involvement of the uterus which was operated and confirmed by microscopic studies. In conclusion, the gynecologist should be aware of the possibility of hydatid cyst when a septated cystic mass is found in the pelvis.
School children's attitudes towards the handicapped
Authors: Furnham Adrian , Gibbs Maureen
Published: April 2004

This study set out to determine the attitude of a group of normal British 13‐year‐old school children towards handicapped people while avoiding problems of previous research. As has been shown in previous studies it was demonstrated that the children's attitudes to the physically handicapped were more positive than those towards the mentally handicapped. Whereas there were very few sex differences indicating that males were more negative to the handicapped in general than females, there were a number of contact differences. Children who knew or interacted with a handicapped person were by‐and‐large more positive in their attitudes than those who had little or no contact with handicapped people. The results of this study are discussed in terms of the integration of handicapped and non‐handicapped school children.
Adults' perceptions of the economic socialization of children
Authors: Furnham Adrian , Thomas Paul
Published: April 2004

This study was concerned with the determinants of adults' beliefs in the economic socialization of children through the use of pocket money (allowances). Over 200 adults completed a questionnaire on their beliefs concerning, for instance, how much and how often children should be given pocket money, as well as such things as whether they should be encouraged to work for it, save it, etc. The independent variables included the subjects' age, sex, education, voting pattern, religion, occupation and whether or not they were parents. The results showed that whereas there were few age or sex differences, the socio‐economic class of the adults, and the fact that they did or did not have children did discriminate between the responses of the subjects. Findings were discussed in terms of the literature of economic socialization.
Gender differences in identity development: issues of process, domain and timing
Authors: Archer Sally L.
Published: April 2004

Adolescence has been designated as the first time in one's life span when the identity concerns of developing one's values, beliefs, and goals become salient (Erikson, 1968). Theorists and empiricists have suggested that males and females may address the identity task differently. In three separate studies conducted with early to late adolescents, gender comparisons were made regarding: (1) the process by which their identities are formed; (2) the domains in which they might define themselves; and (3) the time in which this task might be initiated. It was found that both genders used the identity statuses (process) comparably, except for foreclosure which characterized males significantly more than females. Both genders used the identity process similarly in the domains of vocational choice, religious beliefs, and sex‐role orientation. Males were significantly more likely to be foreclosed and females, diffuse, in the area of political ideology. Females were significantly more likely to be in moratorium or identity achieved with regard to family roles. In two of the three studies, no timing differences were found. The findings from a third study may reflect a greater complexity of the identity task for some female high school seniors as they confront intrapersonal and interpersonal goals simultaneously.
Ego structuralization in late adolescence as seen through early memories and ego identity status
Authors: Kroger Jane
Published: April 2004

This study was undertaken to examine the relationship between ego identity status and early memory themes in an effort to detect possible phases in the process of ego structuralization during late adolescence. Subjects were 73 late adolescents (39 women and 34 men) who had been first year university students two years previously. Each subject was given Marcia's (1966) Identity Status Interview and an Early Memories Interview designed to elicit world view orientation (Gushurst, 1971). Identity achievements most frequently expressed themes of moving contentedly alone or alongside significant others, while themes of moving away from the familiar were most common among moratoriums. Seeking security and support from significant others or familiar settings were most prevalent themes for foreclosures, while desire for relatedness was the most frequently occurring theme for diffusions. Statuses did not differ in frequency of themes expressing conflict. Consistent with observations of Mahler et al., (1975) on subphases of infant differentiation, results of this study point to similar processes as adolescents relinquish, rather than incorporate, parental introjects.
Truancy and illegal drug use, and knowledge of HIV infection in 932 14–16‐year‐old adolescents
Authors: Pritchard Colin , Cotton Andrew , Cox Malcolm
Published: April 2004

In a sample of 932 4th & 5th year comprehensive school adolescents, 41% had truanted in the current term. The truants, compared with their non‐truanting peers, had three times the level of solvent misuse (14% compared with 4%), thrice the soft drug misuse (19% compared with 6%), and four times the involvement with hard drugs (9% compared with 2%). Truants were significantly more involved with other problematic behaviour and were found to score higher on all negative social indices, including parents who smoked. Despite the sample's relatively accurate knowledge about drugs and HIV infection, truants scored less well on these and other HIV‐related issues. An extrapolation of the results indicates a significant number of adolescents at risk demanding urgent policy initiatives.
A comparison between a 1986 and 1989 cohort of inner‐city adolescent females on knowledge, beliefs, and risk factors for AIDS
Authors: Weinman Maxine L. , Smith Peggy B. , Mumford David M.
Published: April 2004

In order to assess changes from 1986 to 1989 in knowledge, beliefs, and risk factors for AIDS, the responses of inner‐city adolescent girls were compared. Although 63% of the 1989 cohort received AIDS education in school, the base knowledge of the two cohorts was not markedly different. Between 1986 and 1989, the number of sexual partners increased for adolescents of all ethnic groups, yet concerns about AIDS showed a decline. Those adolescents who had the highest number of sexual partners were also those who had the most knowledge and most concerns about AIDS. Implications for preventive education focus on ethnic diversity and gaps between adolescent knowledge and behavior.
Estimated Spending on Beremagene Geperpavec for Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa
Authors: Raymakers Adam J. N. , Kesselheim Aaron S. , Mostaghimi Arash , Feldman William B.
Published: January 2024

Importance

New gene therapies can offer substantial benefits to patients, particularly those with rare diseases who have few therapeutic options. In May 2023, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first topical gene therapy, beremagene geperpavec (B-VEC), for treating both autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB). However, FDA approval was based on limited data in patients with autosomal dominant disease, even though they comprise approximately 50% of all DEB cases.

Objective

To estimate projected spending in the US on B-VEC therapy for treating autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant DEB.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This economic evaluation used data from the National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry to estimate the current population of US patients with autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive DEB, with the aim of estimating US spending on B-VEC therapy from an all-payers perspective during 1- and 3-year periods after FDA approval. A base-case cost of $300 000 per patient per year was assumed based on a report from the manufacturer (Krystal Biotech).

Exposure

Treatment with B-VEC.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Estimated overall spending on B-VEC in the first year and over a 3-year period after FDA approval. Several prespecified sensitivity analyses with different assumptions about the eligible patient population and the cost of therapy were performed, and lifetime total costs of treatment per patient were estimated.

Results

The estimated number of US patients with DEB who were eligible for treatment with B-VEC in the first year after FDA approval was 894. The estimated total expenditure for B-VEC therapy was $268 million (range, $179 million-$357 million). Over a 3-year period, estimated spending was $805 million (range, $537 million-$1.1 billion). Estimated lifetime total costs per patient were $15 million (range, $10 million-$20 million) per patient with autosomal recessive DEB and $17 million (range, $11 million-$22 million) for patients with autosomal dominant DEB.

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this economic evaluation suggest that the FDA’s broad indication for the use of B-VEC in treating both autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant DEB will have significant implications for payers.
The Formation of Residual Lithium Compounds on Ni‐Rich NCM Oxides: Their Impact on the Electrochemical Performance of Sulfide‐Based ASSBs
Authors: Aktekin Burak , Sedykh Alexander E. , Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus , Henss Anja , Janek Jürgen
Published: January 2024

Residual lithium compounds (RLCs) are known to form on the surface of nickel‐rich LiNi1‐x‐yCoxMnyO2 (NCM) oxides during synthesis and storage. In this study, the impact of RLCs on cathode performance in sulfide‐based all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) is investigated by employing practically relevant approaches to generate (or remove) RLCs on (or from) NCM single crystal particles. It is revealed that Li2CO3 is the predominant component in samples exposed to air. Surprisingly, heat treatment at high temperatures does not remove RLCs but increases the overall RLC content, accompanied by the partial transformation of existing RLCs into Li2O. These samples exhibit compromised electrochemical performance due to asymmetric overpotential increase during cell discharge. However, it is possible to recover performance through controlled ambient air storage which enables the conversion of existing Li2O into Li2CO3 and formation of fresh Li2CO3 on the surface. Notably, the beneficial effects are not replicated with pure CO2 or moisturized air storage, emphasizing the significance of storage conditions and reaction pathways for Li2CO3 formation. This study demonstrates that removal of Li2O residuals through the formation of Li2CO3 under controlled ambient air exposure proves to be advantageous for sulfide‐based ASSBs, thereby offering valuable guidance for the development of optimized NCM‐based ASSB systems.
Extracellular Matrix‐Bioinspired Anisotropic Topographical Cues of Electrospun Nanofibers: A Strategy of Wound Healing through Macrophage Polarization
Authors: Park Hyeonseo , Patil Tejal V. , Dutta Sayan Deb , Lee Jieun , Ganguly Keya , Randhawa Aayushi , Kim Hojin , Lim Ki‐Taek
Published: January 2024

The skin serves as the body's outermost barrier and is the largest organ, providing protection not only to the body but also to various internal organs. Owing to continuous exposure to various external factors, it is susceptible to damage that can range from simple to severe, including serious types of wounds such as burns or chronic wounds. Macrophages play a crucial role in the entire wound‐healing process and contribute significantly to skin regeneration. Initially, M1 macrophages infiltrate to phagocytose bacteria, debris, and dead cells in fresh wounds. As tissue repair is activated, M2 macrophages are promoted, reducing inflammation and facilitating restoration of the dermis and epidermis to regenerate the tissue. This suggests that extracellular matrix (ECM) promotes cell adhesion, proliferation, migrationand macrophage polarization. Among the numerous strategies, electrospinning is a versatile technique for obtaining ECM‐mimicking structures with anisotropic and isotropic topologies of micro/nanofibers. Various electrospun biomaterials influence macrophage polarization based on their isotropic or anisotropic topologies. Moreover, these fibers possess a high surface‐area‐to‐volume ratio, promoting the effective exchange of vital nutrients and oxygen, which are crucial for cell viability and tissue regeneration. Micro/nanofibers with diverse physical and chemical properties can be tailored to polarize macrophages toward skin regeneration and wound healing, depending on specific requirements. This review describes the significance of micro/nanostructures for activating macrophages and promoting wound healing.
Building Stable Solid‐State Potassium Metal Batteries
Authors: Lyu Wang , Yu Xinzhi , Lv Yawei , Rao Apparao M. , Zhou Jiang , Lu Bingan
Published: January 2024

Solid‐state potassium metal batteries (SPMBs) are promising candidates for the next generation of energy storage systems for their low cost, safety, and high energy density. However, full SPMBs are not yet reported due to the K dendrites, interfacial incompatibility, and limited availability of suitable solid‐state electrolytes. Here, stable SPMBs using a new iodinated solid polymer electrolyte (ISPE) are presented. The functional ions reconstruct ion transport channels, providing efficient potassium ion transport. ISPE shows a combination of high ionic conductivity, superior interfacial compatibility, and electrochemical stability. In situ alloying and iodinated interlayer increase K metal compatibility for prolonged cycling with low polarization. Moreover, the ISPE enables SPMBs with Prussian blue cathode stable operation at a high voltage of 4.5 V, a superior rate capability, and long‐term cycling over 3000 cycles (4.2 V vs K+/K) with an ultra‐high coulombic efficiency of 99.94%. More importantly, a classic solid‐state potassium metal pouch cell achieves 4.2 V stable cycling over 800 cycles with a high retention of 93.6%, presenting a new development strategy for secure and high‐performance rechargeable solid‐state potassium metal batteries.
Chemical Rules for Stacked Kagome and Honeycomb Topological Semimetals
Authors: Zhou Liqin , Yang Fazhi , Zhang Shuai , Zhang Tiantian
Published: January 2024

The chemical rules for predicting and understanding topological states in stacked kagome and honeycomb lattices are studied in both analytical and numerical ways. Starting with a minimal five‐band tight‐binding model, all the topological states are sorted into five groups, which are determined by the interlayer and intralayer hopping parameters. Combined with the model, an algorithm is designed to obtain a series of experimentally synthesized topological semimetals with kagome and honeycomb layers, i.e., IAMX family (IA = Alkali metal element, M = Rare earth metal element, X = Carbon group element), in the inorganic crystal structure database. A follow‐up high‐throughput calculation shows that IAMX family materials are all nodal‐line semimetals and they will be Weyl semimetals after taking spin‐orbit coupling into consideration. To have further insights into the topology of the IAMX family, a detailed chemical rule analysis is carried out on the high‐throughput calculations, including the lattice constants of the structure, intralayer and interlayer couplings, bond strengths, electronegativity, and so on, which are consistent with the tight‐binding model. This study provides a way to discover and modulate topological properties in stacked kagome and honeycomb crystals and offers candidates for studying topology‐related properties like topological superconductors and axion insulators.
Anchoring Charge Selective Self‐Assembled Monolayers for Tin–Lead Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Zuhong , Zhu Rui , Tang Ying , Su Zhenhuang , Hu Shuaifeng , Zhang Xu , Zhang Junhan , Zhao Jinbo , Xue Yunchang , Gao Xingyu , Li Guixiang , Pascual Jorge , Abate Antonio , Li Meng
Published: January 2024

Self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) have displayed great potential for improving efficiency and stability in p–i–n perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The anchoring of SAMs at the conductiv metal oxide substrates and their interaction with perovskite materials must be rationally tailored to ensure efficient charge carrier extraction and improved quality of the perovskite films. Herein, SAMs molecules with different anchoring groups and spacers to control the interaction with perovskite in the p–i–n mixed Sn–Pb PSCs are selected. It is found that the monolayer with the carboxylate group exhibits appropriate interaction and has a more favorable orientation and arrangement than that of the phosphate group. This results in reduced nonradiative recombination and enhanced crystallinity. In addition, the short chain length leads to an improved energy level alignment of SAMs with perovskite, improving hole extraction. As a result, the narrow bandgap (≈1.25 eV) Sn–Pb PSCs show efficiencies of up to 23.1% with an open‐circuit voltage of up to 0.89 V. Unencapsulated devices retain 93% of their initial efficiency after storage in N2 atmosphere for over 2500 h. Overall, this work highlights the underexplored potential of SAMs for perovskite photovoltaics and provides essential findings on the influence of their structural modification.
Advanced Laser Nanofabrication Technologies for Perovskite Photonics
Authors: Cherepakhin Artem , Zhizhchenko Alexey , Khmelevskaia Daria , Logunov Lev , Kuchmizhak Aleksandr , Makarov Sergey
Published: January 2024

Halide perovskites have become a versatile platform not only for optoelectronic devices but also for modern optics and nanophotonics. Perovskite nano‐ and micro‐particles, metasurfaces, and photonic crystals demonstrate their applicability for directional enhanced photo‐ and electro‐luminescence, lasing, as well as for improving the performance of optoelectronic devices. However, ionic nature makes perovskites water soluble, while their high sensitivity to diverse chemicals complicates their patterning toward the formation of functional, high‐quality nanostructures. Here, recent progress on emerging laser technologies for processing and nanopatterning of halide perovskites, as well as their applications in designing advanced light‐emitting systems and controlling light at the nanoscale is overviewed. Special emphasis is made on the processes underlying the interaction of laser radiation with perovskites to disclose new avenues for their surface and volume modification with ultra‐high precision and a high degree of material's property control.
Construction of Conductive Polymer Coatings onto Flexible PDMS Foam Composites with Exceptional Mechanical Robustness for Sensitive Strain Sensing Applications
Authors: Nie Feng , Gu Ya‐Li , Zhao Li , Li Long‐Tao , Shen Fei‐Xiang , Song Jiang , Liu Jun , Zhang Guo‐Dong , Gao Jie‐Feng , Song Pingan , Shi Yongqian , Tang Long‐Cheng
Published: January 2024

Flexible piezoresistive‐sensing materials with high sensitivity and stable sensing signals are highly required to meet the accurate detecting requirement for human motion. Herein, a conductive poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) / polydimethylsiloxane foam (P:P@p‐PSF) composite with strong interfacial action is designed. The porous structures and good interface combination not only show outstanding mechanical flexibility and reliability but also possess high sensitivity at a relatively wide strain range. The P:P@p‐PSF sensor achieves extreme sensitivity (Gauge Factor) of 6.25 in the subtle strain range of 1%–8%. Furthermore, the sensor forms a highly interconnected conductive network induced by the serious deformation of elastic‐interconnect pores, thus providing extremely sensitive sensing behavior for a relatively wide strain range (97.4% resistance change rate at 60% compressive strain). Moreover, the sensor presents repeatable stability and good thermal adaptation, which would meet the critical requirements of subtle vital signs, human motion monitoring, and so on. This work supplies insight into the design of a new flexible sensor material to overcome the weak interface problem and the flexible mismatch between conductive filler and matrix, showing great application potential in the field of electronic skin.
Electrical Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Random‐Access Memory Device by the Interplay of Spin‐Orbit Torque and Spin‐Transfer Torque
Authors: Du Ao , Zhu Daoqian , Peng Zhiyang , Guo Zongxia , Wang Min , Shi Kewen , Cao Kaihua , Zhao Chao , Zhao Weisheng
Published: January 2024

Antiferromagnets (AFM) hold significant promise as ideal candidates for high‐density and ultrafast memory applications. Electrical manipulation of exchange bias (EB) has emerged as an effective solution to integrate AFMs into magnetic memories as active elements. In particular, spin‐orbit torque antiferromagnetic random‐access memory (SOT‐ARAM) is recently been demonstrated by using an AFM/FM hybrid free layer, which can simultaneously satisfy field‐free switching and good device scalability. However, the switching current density of the exchange bias in SOT‐ARAM devices is still high, and novel functionalities are exploited in this device scheme. In this study, the all‐electrical manipulation of the ARAM devices through the interplay of SOT and spin‐transfer torque (STT) is reported, both in three‐terminal and two‐terminal configurations. The SOT current density achieves a 40% reduction thanks to the incorporation of the STT current. Macrospin simulations are performed to illustrate the underlying mechanism. Further, a majority gate that can be decomposed into reconfigurable AND/OR functionalities in a single ARAM device is demonstrated, with an operation speed as fast as 2 ns. The results can advance the development of high‐performance memories and in‐memory computing.
Converting Undesirable Defects into Activity Sites Enhances the Photoelectrochemical Performance of The ZnIn2S4 Photoanode
Authors: Huang Yulong , He Jinlu , Xu Weiwei , Liu Tianyun , Chen Runyu , Meng Linxing , Li Liang
Published: January 2024

Heteroatom doping can tune the band structure of semiconductors and enhance their carrier transfer capacity for improving the performance of photoelectrochemical water oxidation. Nevertheless, the introduction of dopants is not always beneficial. In this study, magnesium (Mg) is adopted to dope ZnIn2S4 nanosheet array photoanodes to form a type‐II band structure and reduce bulk recombination, but concurrently introduced deleterious oxygen (O) defects slow down the surface catalytic reaction kinetics. Furthermore, a facile heat treatment strategy is proposed to transform these O defects into Mg─O bonds. First‐principles calculations and electrochemical characterization indicate that the presence of Mg─O bonds provides abundant active sites and efficiently accelerates the surface oxygen evolution reaction by precisely realigning the rate‐determining step from OH* to O* (step 2) to OOH* to O2 (step 4), thereby retarding charge trapping and recombination. As a result, such a photoanode achieves a remarkable performance with a photocurrent as high as 4.91 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, and the onset potential shifts negatively about 340 mV. This work provides a new defect modulation idea for converting detrimental defects to favorable ones, and it can be expected to have wide applications in the fields of energy, catalysis, and optoelectronics, etc.
A case of chronic kidney disease patient with rapid deterioration of renal function, hair loss, and spontaneous resolution of facial warts after COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Wu Qishun , Gao Fei , Zhang Tao , Zhang Shixi , Bai Yun , Zhu Bei , Guo Lulu , Yong Zhenzhu , Zhao Weihong , Pei Xiaohua
Published: January 2024

Background

Individuals with pre‐existing chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at an increased risk of experiencing severe symptoms if infected with COVID‐19. This report presents the case of a patient with CKD who contracted COVID‐19 and subsequently experienced rapid deterioration of kidney function, hair loss, and spontaneous remission of facial warts.

Case presentation

A 60‐year‐old Chinese man with a decade‐long history of abnormal serum creatinine (Scr) levels and recently heightened fatigue sought treatment. The disease was previously managed and deemed resolved in 2020. However, when he contracted the novel coronavirus on December 20, 2022, he experienced persistent fatigue without other symptoms. In early January 2023, Scr levels was examined as more than 300 μmol/L. This was followed by hair loss, including eyebrows and lashes, and the spontaneous resolution of a longstanding facial wart. During this period, although the patient received kidney‐protecting drugs and a lifestyle optimization, Scr increased continuously and the disease eventually progressed to the uremic stage. As the patient still had relatively abundant urine volume, the patient chose peritoneal dialysis treatment. At a two‐month follow‐up, he had adhered to the CAPD protocol without complications and his hair had begun to regrow. After eight months, his hair had mostly regrown, and his Scr levels kept stable.

Conclusion

This case may represent the inaugural instance of CKD patients experiencing rapid deterioration of renal function, hair loss, and spontaneous remission of common warts. The underlying mechanisms of this unique phenomenon warrant further researches and debate.
Total Synthesis of Ganoderma Meroterpenoids – Progresses since 2014
Authors: Kawamoto Yuichiro , Ito Hisanaka
Published: January 2024

Meroterpenoids isolated from fungi of the Ganoderma family have received much attention owing to their unique structures and diverse biological activities. A number of Ganoderma meroterpenoids have been isolated since 2000 and many total syntheses and synthetic studies have since been reported. In this review, we highlight fifteen total syntheses conducted from 2014 to 2023 of polycyclic Ganoderma meroterpenoids classified according to the connection pattern of the dihydroquinone with the terpenoid structure. The selected studies illustrate how the molecular complexity was constructed by unique tactics.
CO‐induzierte Dimer‐Dissoziation verursacht Gem‐Dicarbonyl‐Bildung auf einem Einzelatom‐Katalysator‐Modell
Authors: Wang Chunlei , Sombut Panukorn , Puntscher Lena , Jakub Zdenek , Meier Matthias , Pavelec Jiri , Bliem Roland , Schmid Michael , Diebold Ulrike , Franchini Cesare , Parkinson Gareth S.
Published: January 2024

Die Fähigkeit, mehrere Reaktanten an derselben aktiven Stelle zu koordinieren ist eine wichtige Voraussetzung für die breite Anwendbarkeit der Einzelatom‐Katalyse. Modellkatalysatoren sind ideal, um den Zusammenhang zwischen der Geometrie der aktiven Stelle und der Bindung der Reaktanten zu untersuchen, da die Struktur der Einkristalloberflächen genau bestimmt werden kann. Die Adsorbate können mit Hilfe der Rastertunnelmikroskopie (STM) abgebildet werden; dadurch sind direkte Vergleiche mit der Dichtefunktionaltheorie möglich. In dieser Studie verfolgen wir mit Hilfe von STM‐Bildsequenzen einzelne Rh1‐Adatome und Rh2‐Dimere auf Fe3O4(001), während CO bei Raumtemperatur dosiert wird. Die CO‐Adsorption auf Rh1‐Adatomen führt ausschließlich zu stabilen Rh1CO‐Monocarbonylen, bei denen das Rh‐Atom die bevorzugte pseudo‐quadratisch planare Koordination erzielt. In geringem Maß bilden sich auch Rh1(CO)2 Gem‐Dicarbonyl‐Adsorbate; diese entstehen jedoch ausschließlich durch das Aufbrechen von Rh2 Dimeren; der Reaktionsweg führt über ein instabiles Rh2(CO)3 Zwischenprodukt. Unsere Ergebnisse veranschaulichen, wie Minderheitenspezies, die für (über die Probenfläche mittelnde) Spektroskopie‐Methoden unsichtbar sind, eine wichtige Rolle in katalytischen Systemen spielen können, und zeigen, dass die Zersetzung von Dimeren oder kleinen Clustern ein Weg sein kann, um reaktive, metastabile Konfigurationen in der Einzelatom‐Katalyse zu erzeugen.
Multifold Post‐Modification of Macrocycles and Cages by Isocyanate‐Induced Azadefluorination Cyclisation
Authors: Pausch Tobias , David Tim , Fleck‐Kunde Tom , Pols Hendrik , Gurke Johannes , Schmidt Bernd M.
Published: January 2024

We present the multiple post‐modification of organic macrocycles and cages, introducing functional groups into two‐ and three‐dimensional supramolecular scaffolds bearing fluorine substituents, which opens up new possibilities in multi‐step supramolecular chemistry employing the vast chemical space of readily available isocyanates. The mechanism and scope of the reaction that proceeds after isocyanate addition to the benzylamine motif via an azadefluorination cyclisation (ADFC) were investigated using DFT calculations, and a series of aromatic isocyanates with different electronic properties were tested. The compounds show excellent chemical stability and were fully characterised. They can be used for subsequent cross‐coupling reactions, and ADFC can be used directly to generate cross‐linked membranes from macrocycles or cages when using ditopic isocyanates. Single‐crystal X‐ray (SC‐XRD) analysis shows the proof of the formation of the desired supramolecular entity together with the connectivity predicted by calculations and from 19F NMR shifts, allowing the late‐stage functionalisation of self‐assembled macrocycles and cages by ADFC.
Patient experience of bladder cancer: A data linkage study
Authors: Shah Snehadhar , Ince Jonathan , Kockelbergh Roger
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide and can be managed with a range of approaches, including conservative, medical and surgical therapies. Treatment may be associated with considerable morbidity, but despite this, little data exist to reflect patients' subsequent experience. This study aims to evaluate patients' experiences of bladder cancer care by linking data from a national cancer experience survey with data routinely collected from National Health Service (NHS) sources. This study considers patient perspectives and makes recommendations to improve the patient experience of bladder cancer care.

Methods

Anonymised data from the National Cancer Patient Experience Survey (NCPES) for patients who had received care for bladder cancer were collated and linked with demographic and treatment data. Questions from the NCPES were then categorised into different themes based on their content. This study focused on themes relating to lifestyle, activities of daily living (ADL), symptoms, psychological impact and body perception. Statistical analyses were used to investigate the relationship between patient reported experience, demographics and type of care received.

Results

NCPES data from 673 patients (487 male, 29 undisclosed) with at least T1 bladder cancer were analysed. Statistically significant differences were identified across the five investigated patient experience themes. No significant difference was seen in patient reported experience between bladder cancer drug treatments (such as intravesical BCG vs. intravesical chemotherapy vs. systemic chemotherapy) and radiotherapy types (curative vs. palliative). Patients treated with cystectomy had significantly worse experiences relating to body image and ADL but not when compared with patients treated with radical radiotherapy. Patients with long‐term health conditions reported worse experiences for all five themes compared with those without.

Conclusion

The literature surrounding the experience of patients with bladder cancer is limited. This data linkage study demonstrates the impact of bladder cancer care on five patient experience themes, including the effect of different treatment types and the presence of long‐term health conditions. While limited by sample size and data comprehensiveness, this study aims to inform clinicians and service providers of factors affecting patient experience of bladder cancer care, to stimulate service review and development.
Divergent Electrochemical Synthesis of Indoles through pKa Regulation of Amides: Synthetic and Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Mallick Samrat , Mandal Tanumoy , Kumari Nidhi , Roy Lisa , De Sarkar Suman
Published: January 2024

A divergent synthetic approach to access highly substituted indole scaffolds is illustrated. By virtue of a tunable electrochemical strategy, distinct control over the C‐3 substitution pattern was achieved by employing two analogous 2‐styrylaniline precursors. The chemoselectivity is governed by the fine‐tuning of the acidity of the amide proton, relying on the appropriate selection of N‐protecting groups, and assisted by the reactivity of the electrogenerated intermediates. Detailed mechanistic investigations based on cyclic voltametric experiments and computational studies revealed the crucial role of water additive, which assists the proton‐coupled electron transfer event for highly acidic amide precursors, followed by an energetically favorable intramolecular C−N coupling, causing exclusive fabrication of the C‐3 unsubstituted indoles. Alternatively, the implementation of an electrogenerated cationic olefin activator delivers the C‐3 substituted indoles through the preferential nucleophilic nature of the N‐acyl amides. This electrochemical approach of judicious selection of N‐protecting groups to regulate pKa/E° provides an expansion in the domain of switchable generation of heterocyclic derivatives in a sustainable fashion, with high regio‐ and chemoselectivity.
Mechanochemical C−H Arylation and Alkylation of Indoles Using 3 d Transition Metal and Zero‐Valent Magnesium
Authors: Wu Chongyang , Lv Jin , Fan Hangqian , Su Weike , Cai Xinjun , Yu Jingbo
Published: January 2024

Although the 3 d transition‐metal catalyzed C−H functionalization have been extensively employed to promote the formation of valuable carbon‐carbon bonds, the persistent problems, including the use of sensitive Grignard reagents and the rigorous operations (solvent‐drying, inert gas protection, metal pre‐activation and RMgX addition rate control), still leave great room for further development of sustainable methodologies. Herein, we report a mechanochemical technology toward in‐situ preparation of highly sensitive organomagnesium reagents, and thus building two general 3 d transition‐metal catalytic platforms that enables regioselective arylation and alkylation of indoles with a wide variety of halides (including those containing post transformable functionalities and heteroaromatic rings). This mechanochemical strategy also brings unique reactivity and high step‐economy in producing functionalized N‐free indole products.
Acute hospitalizations after proton therapy versus intensity‐modulated radiotherapy for locally advanced non–small cell lung cancer in the durvalumab era
Authors: Iocolano Michelle , Yegya‐Raman Nikhil , Friedes Cole , Wang Xingmei , Kegelman Timothy , Lee Sang Ho , Duan Lian , Li Bolin , Levin William P. , Cengel Keith A. , Konski Andre , Langer Corey J. , Cohen Roger B. , Sun Lova , Aggarwal Charu , Doucette Abigail , Xiao Ying , Kevin Teo Boon‐Keng , O’Reilly Shannon , Zou Wei , Bradley Jeffrey D. , Simone Charles B. , Feigenberg Steven J.
Published: January 2024

Introduction

It was hypothesized that use of proton beam therapy (PBT) in patients with locally advanced non–small cell lung cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiation and consolidative immune checkpoint inhibition is associated with fewer unplanned hospitalizations compared with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).

Methods

Patients with locally advanced non–small cell lung cancer treated between October 2017 and December 2021 with concurrent chemoradiation with either IMRT or PBT ± consolidative immune checkpoint inhibition were retrospectively identified. Logistic regression was used to assess the association of radiation therapy technique with 90‐day hospitalization and grade 3 (G3+) lymphopenia. Competing risk regression was used to compare G3+ pneumonitis, G3+ esophagitis, and G3+ cardiac events. Kaplan–Meier method was used for progression‐free survival and overall survival. Inverse probability treatment weighting was applied to adjust for differences in PBT and IMRT groups.

Results

Of 316 patients, 117 (37%) received PBT and 199 (63%) received IMRT. The PBT group was older (p < .001) and had higher Charlson Comorbidity Index scores (p = .02). The PBT group received a lower mean heart dose (p < .0001), left anterior descending artery V15 Gy (p = .001), mean lung dose (p = .008), and effective dose to immune circulating cells (p < .001). On inverse probability treatment weighting analysis, PBT was associated with fewer unplanned hospitalizations (adjusted odds ratio, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.38–0.81; p = .002) and less G3+ lymphopenia (adjusted odds ratio, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.37–0.81; p = .003). There was no difference in other G3+ toxicities, progression‐free survival, or overall survival.

Conclusions

PBT is associated with fewer unplanned hospitalizations, lower effective dose to immune circulating cells and less G3+ lymphopenia compared with IMRT. Minimizing dose to lymphocytes may be warranted, but prospective data are needed.