bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Aligned Framework of Actively-collected and Passively-monitored Clinical Outcome Assessments (COAs) for Measure Selection
Authors: Campbell Christine , Webster Courtney , Parisi Megan , Sherafat-Kazemzadeh Roya , Braid Jessica , Switzer Thomas , Favaro Marcelo Alves , Sassano Caprice , Coravos Andrea Ruth
Published: September 2023

Regulators and payers increasingly require Clinical Outcome Assessment (COA) data for approval and reimbursement. COAs can be collected actively or passively, yet no single resource provides a side-by-side comparison of tools that collect complementary or related COA measures. We propose how to align ontologies for actively-collected and passively-monitored COAs into a single framework to allow for rapid, evidence-based, and fit-for-purpose measure selection.
Control of FZD6 by NOD2.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2023

We provide evidence here from overexpression-based gain-of-function studies in human cells (1, 2) which demonstrate control of the frizzled class 6 receptor, FZD6 by the NLR (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor) family protein NOD2.
Understanding Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Psychosis (CBTp) Through the Predictive Coding Framework
Authors: Sheffield Julia , Brinen Aaron , Feola Brandee , Heckers Stephan , Corlett Philip R.
Published: September 2023

Psychological treatments for persecutory delusions, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy for psychosis (CBTp), are efficacious; but mechanistic theories explaining why they work rarely bridge to the level of cognitive neuroscience. Predictive coding, a general brain processing theory rooted in cognitive and computational neuroscience, has increasing experimental support in explaining the different symptoms of psychosis, including the formation and maintenance of delusions. Learning is central to both predictive coding and CBTp. Each emphasizes belief updating in response to new or surprising experiences. Despite their commonalities, treatment-related changes observed with CBTp have yet to be integrated into the predictive coding framework. Here, we outline how CBTp may mollify aberrant learning processes central to the predictive coding explanation of delusions. We first review hierarchical predictive coding as an account of belief updating rooted in prediction error signaling. We examine how this process is abnormal in psychotic disorders, specifically garnering delusion formation. We then posit that delusions persist via failure of extinction learning and inappropriate reconsolidation of delusional priors, promoted by excessive salience attribution to safe or neutral stimuli. We suggest that CBTp reduces reconsolidation of delusional priors and increases behaviors that strengthen non-delusional priors, ultimately promoting the updating of new, more adaptive beliefs. Persecutory delusions, which are associated with stronger prior beliefs about environmental volatility and show meaningful improvement with CBTp, are used as a specific example. Framing CBTp in this way proffers the exciting possibility of augmenting its impact by leveraging the insights of predictive coding.
Scientific Realism, Scientific Practice, and Science Communication. An Empirical Investigation of Academics and Science Communicators
Authors: Pils Raimund , Schönegger Philipp
Published: September 2023

We argue that the societal consequences of the scientific realism debate, in the context of science-to-public communication are often overlooked and careful theorizing about it needs further empirical groundwork. As such, we conducted a survey experiment with 130 academics (from physics, chemistry, and biology) and 137 science communicators. We provided them with a 11-item questionnaire probing their views of scientific realism and related concepts. Contra theoretical expectations, we find that (a) science communicators are generally more inclined towards scientific antirealism when compared to scientists in the same academic fields, though both groups show an inclination towards realism and (b) academics who engage in more theoretical work are not less (or more) realist than experimentalists. Lastly, (c), we fail to find differences with respect to selective realism but find that science communicators are significantly less epistemically voluntarist compared to their academic counterparts. Overall, our results provide first empirical evidence on the views of scientists and science communicators on scientific realism, with some results running contra to the theoretical expectations, opening up new empirical and theoretical research directions.
A critical evaluation of the p-factor literature
Authors: Watts Ashley L. , Greene Ashley Lauren , Bonifay Wes , Fried Eiko I
Published: September 2023

The p-factor is relatively novel construct that is thought to explain and maybe even cause variation in all forms of psychopathology. Since its “discovery” in 2012, hundreds of studies have been dedicated to the extraction and validation of statistical instantiations of the p-factor, called general factors of psychopathology. In this Perspective, we outline 5 major challenges in the p-factor literature, namely that it has: (1) mistakenly equated good model fit with validity; (2) sought to corroborate weak p-factor theories through underspecified construct validation efforts; (3) produced poorly replicated general factors of psychopathology; (4) violated assumptions of latent variable models; and (5) reified general factors of psychopathology as latent, causal entities, in turn neglecting alternative models that do not incorporate a p-factor and are entirely incompatible with the notion that a single dimension adequately summarizes variation in all forms of psychopathology. Each of these challenges raise questions about substantive interpretations of the p-factor (i.e., negative emotionality, thought disorder), undermining the field’s confidence that the p-factor is a real, latent entity, or that GFPs are useful summaries of psychopathology variation. We conclude with ways to move forward, in the spirit of strengthening the p-factor literature and improving our ability to classify, treat, and prevent psychopathology across the lifespan.
Individual differences in information demand have a low dimensional structure predicted by some curiosity traits
Authors: Jach Hayley , Cools Roshan , Frisvold Alec , Grubb Michael A. , Hartley Catherine A. , Hartmann Jochen , Hunter Laura , Jia Ruonan , de Lange Floris , Larisch Ruby , Lavelle-Hill Rosa , Levy Ifat , Li Yutong , van Lieshout Lieke , Nussenbaum Kate , Ravaioli Silvio , Wang Siyu , Wilson Robert C , Woodford Michael , Murayama Kou , Gottlieb Jacqueline
Published: September 2023

To understand human learning and progress, it is crucial to understand curiosity. But how consistent is curiosity’s conception and assessment across scientific research disciplines? We present the results of a large collaborative project assessing the correspondence between curiosity measures in personality psychology and cognitive science. 820 participants completed 15 personality trait measures and 9 cognitive tasks that tested multiple aspects of information demand. We show that shared variance across the cognitive tasks was captured by a dimension reflecting directed (uncertainty-driven) versus random (stochasticity-driven) exploration and individual differences along this axis were significantly and consistently predicted by personality traits. However, the personality metrics that best predicted information demand were not the central curiosity traits of openness to experience, deprivation sensitivity, and joyous exploration, but instead included more peripheral curiosity traits (need for cognition, thrill seeking, and stress tolerance) and measures not traditionally associated with curiosity (extraversion and behavioral inhibition). The results suggest that the umbrella term “curiosity” reflects a constellation of cognitive and emotional processes, only some of which are shared between personality measures and cognitive tasks. The results reflect the distinct methods that are used in these fields, indicating a need for caution in comparing results across fields and for future interdisciplinary collaborations to strengthen our emerging understanding of curiosity.
Multisensory Audio-Visual-Tactile Neuromodulation Paradigms: An In-Depth Examination of Tactile and Electrical Stimulation in Neurocognitive Enhancement
Authors: Termanini Robert William
Published: September 2023

In a world increasingly captivated by the myriad possibilities of sensory neuroscience, tactile sensory inputs remain an under-explored yet vital facet of neuromodulation paradigms, especially within audio-visual-tactile (AVT) frameworks. This manuscript aims to offer a thoroughly researched examination of the methodologies underpinning neurocognitive processes and ethical quandaries that are integral to the efficacious incorporation of tactile and electrical stimulation, colloquially known as eStim, within AVT therapeutic strategies. The focus extends from rehabilitation endeavors to the contentious but promising realm of cognitive enhancement in both pathologically impacted and neurotypical populations.
Brain bases of morphological awareness and longitudinal word reading outcomes
Authors: Marks Rebecca A. , Eggleston Rachel L. , Kovelman Ioulia
Published: September 2023

Children’s spoken language skills are essential to the development of the “reading brain,” or the neurocognitive systems that underlie successful literacy. Morphological awareness, or sensitivity to the smallest units of meaning, is a language skill that facilitates fluent recognition of meaning in print. Yet despite the growing evidence that morphology is integral to literacy success, associations between morphological awareness, literacy acquisition, and brain development remain largely unexplored. To address this gap, we conducted a longitudinal investigation with seventy-five elementary school children, ages 5-11, who completed an auditory morphological awareness neuroimaging task at Time 1 as well as literacy assessments at both Time 1 and Time 2 (1.5 years later). Findings reveal longitudinal brain-behavior associations between morphological processing at Time 1 and reading outcomes at Time 2. First, activation in superior temporal brain regions involved in word segmentation was associated with both future reading skill and steeper reading gains over time. Second, a wider array of brain regions across the language network were associated with polymorphemic word reading as compared to broader word reading skill (reading simple and complex words). Together, these findings reinforce the importance of word segmentation skills in learning to read and highlight the importance of considering complex word reading skills in building comprehensive neurocognitive models of literacy. This study fills a gap in our knowledge of how processing meaningful units in speech may help to explain differences in children’s reading development over time and informs ongoing theoretical questions about the role of morphology in learning to read.
Generative AI are More Truth-Biased than Humans: A Replication and Extension of Core Truth-Default Theory Principles
Authors: Markowitz David Matthew , Hancock Jeffrey
Published: September 2023

Human communication requires cooperative partners for it to be effective and efficient. A result of this requirement is the truth-bias, defined as the perception that others are honest independent of actual message veracity. Does the truth-bias extend to technology like generative Artificial Intelligence (AI)? Drawing on truth-default theory (TDT), we had humans and three chatbots running different large language models — ChatGPT (GPT-3.5), Bard (LaMDA), ChatSonic (GPT-4) — make nearly 1,000 veracity judgments across three prompts. Consistent with TDT, human detection accuracies were near chance (50%-53%) with notable truth-biases (59%-64%). Critically, AI had a substantially greater truth-bias than humans (67%-99%), even after providing AI with a genuine lie-truth base-rate. GPT-4 was also truth-default, not suspecting any deception across samples when veracity assessments were unprompted. These data replicate the idea that people judge most information to be true, and such evidence also extends to artificial intelligence.
Towards Experimental Approaches to Advance Discovery of Clinically Meaningful Sensory-Motor Biomarkers
Authors: Lidstone Daniel E. , Mostofsky Stewart H. , Ewen Joshua
Published: September 2023

Atypical motor function is a highly prevalent clinical feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Differences in motor function both persist across the lifespan and scale linearly with the magnitude of core ASD symptom presentation. Because motor differences may be apparent earlier than core autism features, objective, quantifiable measures of motor function may help clinicians with early detection of neurodevelopmental delays/deviance, early diagnosis of ASD, and later differential diagnosis. Moreover, nuanced motor biomarkers represent a promising approach to parse presumed mechanistic heterogeneity across the autism spectrum, particularly as it relates to guiding precision intervention. To achieve these mechanistic-science and biomarker-development goals, we propose approaches to transcend limitations we see within the corpus of autism motor research as a whole. First, we suggest more transdiagnostic research to establish the specificity of particular motor behaviors for autism (vs. other neurodevelopmental conditions that also show motor atypicalities). Relatedly, enhancing the specificity of both motor constructs and core-symptom constructs (social-communicative, restricted and repetitive behaviors/interests [RRB]) within autism sensory-motor research will be essential for parsing the heterogeneity within the autism spectrum. Finally, in order to sharpen our mechanistic understanding, we recommend experimental designs that simultaneously and competitively test multiple cognitive-motor theories of autism within frameworks of Computational Motor Control and Bayesian Inference, as this approach will aid in developing clinically meaningful objective motor biomarkers based on mechanism. Each of the cognitive-motor theories we discuss in the chapter (hypo-priors, hyper-priors, prediction, inter-sensory bias, and sensory-motor transformation) ascribes different features of autism to different mechanisms; we recognize that different mechanisms may be at play across individuals within the heterogeneous autism spectrum in a way that accounts for both motor and non-motor heterogeneity. Finally, we discuss neuroanatomical correlates that may underpin each theory proposed, providing a brain-behavioral link between the early emerging “lower-level” features of autism (i.e., motor differences and low-order RRBs) and developmentally later emerging higher-level ASD symptomology (i.e., social communication differences and high-level RRBs).
Enriched volition: Generation of Goal-Directed Action explored using a Problem-Solving Paradigm
Authors: Seghezzi Silvia , Bode Stefan , Fleming Stephen M , Haggard Patrick
Published: September 2023

Voluntary action is a distinctive feature of the human mind, and a central focus for investigation in psychology. However, volition is difficult to capture in the experimental laboratory. Previous studies often focussed on initiation of arbitrary, inconsequential actions, and struggled to provide convincing methodologies for studying volition. This study aimed to enrich the experimental study of volition by developing a new view of volition as means-ends problem solving, through investigating planning and execution of action sequences that approach a goal. In an fMRI experiment, we used the neuropsychological ‘Tower of London’ task to reveal the neurofunctional underpinnings of goal-directed voluntary actions in comparison to the instructed, stimulus-driven execution of the same task. Our results show the medial frontal cortex activations that are characteristic of voluntary, as opposed to stimulus-triggered actions, most notably during the planning phase. Finally, we showed functional connectivity between medial frontal cortex and multiple prefrontal regions such as the superior frontal gyrus and anterior and middle cingulate cortex. We suggest this connectivity links generation of each individual action to the wider networks for planning, goal representation and other executive function. Incorporating goals into studies of volition could potentially transform the academic field, restoring it to its central place within human psychology.
Introducing Connect by CloudResearch: Advancing Online Participant Recruitment in the Digital Age
Authors: Hartman Rachel , Moss Aaron J , Jaffe Shalom Noach , Rosenzweig Cheskie , Litman Leib , Robinson Jonathan
Published: September 2023

This paper introduces Connect, CloudResearch's innovative platform designed to revolutionize the realm of online participant recruitment in social and behavioral science research. Operating as a marketplace, Connect facilitates interactions between researchers and participants, enabling the deployment of surveys and experiments constructed via third-party tools such as Qualtrics, SurveyMonkey, and Google forms. With its current focus on the U.S. demographic (with plans of future expansion to other English-speaking countries) and those aged 18 and above, Connect proves versatile in accommodating a diverse range of studies, including academic, market, and user experience research, as well as machine learning. Connect's uniqueness lies in its tri-fold emphasis on advanced features, data quality, and affordability. Advanced attributes include collaborative tools, a flexible API, and capabilities supporting intricate study designs. To assure impeccable data quality, Connect incorporates Sentry®, CloudResearch’s proprietary participant vetting mechanism, coupled with stringent technical evaluations. Despite these advancements, Connect remains cost-effective, charging researchers the lowest service fee in the online recruitment sector. This paper delves deeper into the platform’s attributes, with particular attention to its emphasis on participant experience, advanced functionalities, and the robust data quality assurance methods in place.
Holding discursive power to a counterfactual standard: The state and road navigation in the technology transition to automobiles
Authors: Herman Andrew
Published: September 2023

The idea that powerful actors like the state can influence events through discourse and culture has been important since the cultural turn. But existing research regularly fails to provide evidence that rules out the possibility that the same events would have happened anyway, even if the actor in question was not involved. This paper considers the technology transition to the automobile in the early 20th C and the discursive and cultural power that states are typically considered to wield through their information collection and management activities. It compares the situation in places where the state was heavily involved in coordinating the technology transition through its information practices, and the situation in the US, where the state was an extreme outlier for its lack of involvement in the same processes. Results suggest that the state ought not to be seen as wielding power in this case, despite the clear importance of the state to the historical narrative in other countries, as the same outcomes were accomplished in the American case even without state involvement. This suggests that research may collectively overstate the in4luence that conventionally powerful actors wield through discourse and culture, and further suggests that states play a more subdued role during technology transitions than what is currently assumed in the literature.
Social inequality A neglected topic in Studies of Valuation and Evaluation?
Authors: Hamann Julian , Beljean Stefan
Published: September 2023

Social inequality is a core concern of sociological research. But how central is the topic to Studies of Valuation and Evaluation (SVE)? The authors argue that the answer to this question depends on how the boundaries of SVE are drawn. If it is understood narrowly as an institutionalized field of research defined by a specific research community and publication outlets, social inequality has remained largely neglected in SVE. But if it is understood more broadly as a perspective defined by a dedicated interest in (e)valuation, there are, in fact, several strands of sociological research that are concerned with both social inequality and processes and practices of (e)valuation – even though they are not considered part of the institutionalized field of SVE. Focusing on research that has evolved around four key concepts drawn from the sociological canon – classification, consecration, stigmatization, and homophily – the main part of the chapter offers a discussion of these existing lines of scholarship and shows how they contribute to our understanding of the relationship of (e)valuation and social inequality. The chapter concludes by proposing a roadmap for a more systematic and integrated study of this relationship.
The Rise, Fall, and Legacy of the Structure-Conduct-Performance Paradigm
Authors: Panhans Matthew T.
Published: September 2023

In 1982, Joe Bain was designated a Distinguished Fellow of the AEA, with an accompanying statement referring to him as “the undisputed father of modern Industrial Organization Economics.” The Structure-Conduct-Performance paradigm that Bain developed and deployed had been the core framework of industrial organization for two decades, and had a significant impact on competition policy from the 1950s through the 1970s. And yet by the time of Bain’s designation as a Distinguished Fellow, industrial organization was shifting away from SCP and instead relying on a foundation of game theory. This essay considers what made the SCP framework so influential in the United States, what shortcomings economists identified in the framework during the shift to the “new IO” in the late 1970s, and what lasting contributions the SCP research program made.
Identity Networks as a New Frontier: Conceptualizing, Mapping, and Analyzing Identity Structures and Their Impact on Well-being
Authors: Ramos Maria C. , Restrepo Ochoa Nicolas Restrepo
Published: September 2023

Sociological thought emphasizes the interdependencies between an individual's multipleidentities as crucial for understanding processes and outcomes at individual and societal levels.To describe such interdependencies, researchers often invoke the metaphor of a “network ofidentities.” However, sociology currently lacks a cohesive body of research that moves beyondthe metaphor to actually conceptualizing, measuring, and studying identity structures asnetworks, thus missing the potential benefits of this approach. In this article, we take a networks-based approach to capture identity structures and operationalize key concepts in the identitiesliterature. We use role theory and identity theory to derive hypotheses that link well-being withthe prevalence and intensity of interference and facilitation among identities. Using originalsurvey data, we find that both the prevalence and intensity of interferences between identitiesand the prevalence of facilitation between identities are associated with well-being. Our findingsdemonstrate the potential of identity networks to advance multiple areas of sociological work.
Financing first home ownership: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Whelan Stephen , Pawson Hal , Troy Laurence , Ong Rachel , Lawson Julie
Published: September 2023

This final Inquiry examines the challenges of financing to buy a first home. It incorporates four supporting Research Projects and focuses on socio-economic developments and policy settings that impact access to home ownership. While high house prices are often cited as the biggest challenge faced by first homebuyers, this Inquiry highlights that the problem is significantly more complex. Critically, existing policy settings are likely to have exacerbated rather than alleviated the challenge faced by first homebuyers to finance home ownership. Politically seductive measures such as first homeowner grants and tax concessions have failed to arrest declining rates of home ownership.Those first homebuyers who have been able to buy a home have made a variety of strategy and behavioural changes, including buying more affordable attached dwellings (e.g. units and apartments) that are further away from their household’s social and economic networks, and finding other sources of financing such as from parents. The Inquiry makes six key recommendations:1. Policy to assist entry to home ownership in Australia needs bigger focus on supply side measures2. Tax-transfer reforms are required as current policy settings disadvantage aspiring first homebuyers and benefit existing home owners3. Policy must take into account distributional consequences (that is, they may benefit or disadvantage people from certain income groups or geographical regions) and be targeted to benefit those who may not otherwise achieve owner-occupation4. Policy measures that assist first homebuyers need to facilitate both accessibility—the down payment constraint, and affordability—the repayment constraint5. Policy makers need to be aware of the consequences of policy settings and avoid unintended consequences when implementing measures that are ostensibly designed to assist first homebuyers6. Housing policy ambitions need to include other tenures, such as renting and shared equity, as legitimate long-term housing outcomes.
The Austrian Political Advertisement Scandal: Searching for Patterns of “Journalism for Sale”
Authors: Balluff Paul , Eberl Jakob-Moritz , Oberhänsli Sarina Joy , Bernhard Jana , Boomgaarden Hajo G. , Fahr Andreas , Huber Martin
Published: September 2023

Mounting concern surrounds the influence of political actors on journalism, especially as media outlets face increasing financial pressures. These circumstances can give rise to instances of media capture, a mutually corrupting relationship between political actors and media organizations. However, empirical evidence substantiating such mechanisms and their consequences remains limited, particularly in the context of Western democracies. This paper investigates a recent case, in which a former Austrian chancellor allegedly colluded with a tabloid newspaper to receive better news coverage in exchange for increased ad placements by government institutions. Employing automated content analysis of political news articles from six prominent Austrian news outlets spanning 2012 to 2021 (n = 188,203), we adopt a difference-in-differences approach to scrutinize political actors’ visibility and favorability in news coverage for patterns indicative of the alleged serious breach of professional political and journalistic norms. Our findings indicate a substantial increase in the news coverage of the former Austrian chancellor within the news outlet that is alleged to have received bribes. In contrast, several other political actors did not experience similar shifts in visibility nor are similar patterns identified in other media outlets. No such effects have been found for favorability. While these findings do not purport to prove or disprove whether specific political actors or media organizations were involved in unethical or illegal activities, they shed light on potential mechanisms of media capture, highlight contemporary threats to media independence, and underscore the critical importance of safeguarding journalistic integrity and ensuring unbiased information dissemination to the public.
Implicit nationalism: the missing link in the study of nationalist attitudes?
Authors: Olsson Filip
Published: September 2023

By combining research on banal and unconscious nationalism with cognitive psychology, this paper attempts to outline a novel framework for so-called “implicit nationalism”. In the first part of the paper, I detail how different events, symbols, and discourses may affect nationalist attitudes and sentiments beyond conscious awareness and control. I furthermore argue that certain events and symbols affect implicit—but not necessarily explicit—nationalism by changing the accessibility of implicit nationalist associations. In the second part of the paper, I use this framework to analyze the 2014 FIFA World Cup. The study consists of a natural experiment, including respondents from Germany, Brazil, and the United Kingdom who completed surveys right before and after the World Cup. The analysis shows that winning the World Cup increased implicit nationalism in Germany, while losing decreased implicit nationalism in Brazil and the United Kingdom. Importantly, winning and losing had no corresponding effect on explicit nationalism in any of the three countries. The paper concludes by discussing the implications for research on nationalism and implicit cognitions.
Modeling intervention: Barbara Bergmann’s micro-to-macro simulation projects
Authors: Chassonnery-Zaïgouche Cléo , Goutsmedt Aurélien
Published: September 2023

Over a period of twelve years, Barbara Bergmann developed several models of the labor market using microsimulation, eventually integrated in a “Transactions Model” of the entire US economy, built with Robert Bennett and published in 1986. The paper reconstructs the history of this modelling enterprise in the context of the debates on the micro-foundations of macroeconomics and the role of macroeconomic expertise from the 1970s to the late 1980s. It shows how her focus on the distributional effects of policies was central to the criticism of macroeconomic modelling and how both her epistemological and political positions were marginalized in the 1980s.
Design of Portable Automatic Weather Station Based on Raspberry PI
Authors: Herdianzenda Larangga , Siswanto Diky , Istiadi Istiadi
Published: September 2023

Observation of the weather elements is very necessary for the welfare of mankind, the weather elements that are observed will be used as material to predict the weather in the future. Weather data can also be used to reduce the risk of adverse effects caused by the weather itself. To measure the weather with an automated monitoring system that is cheaper and of good quality, AWS was created. The AWS design using Raspberry Pi was made as a use of Raspberry Pi mini computer technology for the purposes of the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG). humidity, Rain Counter, wind direction, wind speed, air pressure, altitude, and GPS. Display data can be monitored via the web in the form of an Analog Gauge.
Effect of Hydrogen (g) Mixture with Refrigerant on the Pressure of Cooling Machine Components
Authors: Praswanto Djoko Hari , Djiwo S , Asroni M. , Nugroho A.
Published: September 2023

Refrigerant is substance or chemical composition which alternately compressed and condensed into a liquid and then expanded into vapor or gas when pumped through the cooling system. Alternative refrigerants are needed to replace full the halogenated refrigerants which are believed to contribute to ozone depletion in the atmosphere. In the last decade, many research and development of studies on the synthesis and characterization alternative refrigerants have been carried out. With replace a limited Ozone Depleting Substance (ODS) with any alternative can involve major changes in the design of various components such as insulation, lubricants, heat exchangers and motors. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of hydrogen mixture with refrigerant R134a on the pressure of each component. This research used an experimental method on a direct cooling device. The data which obtained from the experimental results on this cooling machine then will process to determine the pressure that occurs in each component of the cooling machine. Based on the results of this research, the effect of the hydrogen mixture on refrigerant R134a on the performance of the cooling machine is the differences density of each mixture ratio. If more of hydrogen additions there, the density of result mixture also getting smaller. This will affect the pressure that occurs in the compressor because the relationship between density and pressure is directly proportional. The conclusion is the refrigerant from a mixture of hydrogen gas and Freon R134a is suitable for use as a refrigerant for air condition. Because at 60 minutes, the mixture ratio of 85%:15% can reduce the water temperature slowly until 20.2ÂºC. The slow cooling is felt bad when applied on the food preservation.Â
Empowering Traditional Education Institution Through the Implementation of Potable Water Provision System
Authors: Hasanah Rini Nur , Hayat Ainul , Rahman Moh. Farid , Abidin Zainul , Suyono Hadi
Published: September 2023

The activity reported in this journal was aimed to empower the traditional education institutions commonly found and not formally financed by government of Indonesia. Empowering was carried out through the implementation of an action plan to ensure the potable water provision. Clean as well as potable water is indispensable for daily life and activities of students and teachers, especially those who were living and boarding in the school complex. The action was also potential to improve the financial independence of organization and to develop the entrepreneurship skills of students. The obtained tangible results of the action were in the form of production facility with ready-to-drink water quality of less than 10 ppm (parts per million) of total dissolved solids.
Travel Time Behavior Study of Malang-Denpasar Intercity Bus Considering Sailing Time of Ketapang-Gilimanuk
Authors: Fatkhurrozi M.i , Sudarsana D. K. , Yuniar D. , Suraji A.
Published: September 2023

The study intends to acquire travel time behavior needed by Malang-Denpasar intercity bus (AKAP) considering sailing time of Ketapang-Gilimanuk. This research is a new thing to find out the inter-city bus travel time between islands. Where in this study the bus route connects the island of Java with the island of Bali. The interesting thing is that the travel time during the crossing at the port is part of the overall travel time identification. In addition, the presentation method using a trajectory table for inter-city bus travel routes is a more interesting presentation. Travel time of the bus is achieved by moving observer method (actual survey) where the surveyor is on the bus to track the travel. Interview is also conducted to get the experience of the respondents. The results are displayed in trajectory curve to present travel speed in each segment. In this study there are limitations that were carried out due to limited resources. This survey was only conducted in one round trip and 2 surveyors were mobilized. And what was noted during the survey was more about the travel time aspect. The results of this study provide an overview of travel time in outbound and inbound. In addition, the delay time that occurs during the trip is also identified. Actual survey shows that outbound journey is longer (13.9 hours) than inbound (11.13 hours). Delay time of outbound is 3.16 hours while that of inbound is 1.28 hours. Interview results longer travel time than that of actual survey. While sailing time of Ketapang and Gilimanuk harbour satisfies the minimum standard.
Optimization of Condenser Backwash Method to Maintain Condenser Performance During the Backwash Process in PLTGU Grati
Authors: Nurrohman Adin , Suwandono Purbo , Sahbana M. Agus , Soebiyakto Gatot
Published: September 2023

The condenser is a device used to change the water vapor phase that has been used to rotate the turbine blade into a liquid phase by condensing it. When the condenser tube is dirty, it can disrupt the steam condensation process which affects the efficiency of the condenser. To overcome this problem a condenser backwash is carried out.Â Â Condenser backwash has a good influence on unit efficiency but backwash activities also reduce production by decreasing vacuum condensers and steam turbine loads. When the vacuum condenser backwash process decreases + - 24 mmHg and the steam turbine load decreases + - 8 MW.The condenser backwash process is carried out from the control room with the observation of parameters from the local area or equipment. Backwash condensers are done one by one as needed. The condenser type in PLTGU Grati Block I is a type of crossflow with two sides, namely, side A and side B. Each side of the condenser has a different sequence backwash condition. This study will be carried out a backwash method that is different from the sequence of automatic sequences.In the normal condenser backwash activity of data table 3 we can know there is a decrease in steam turbine load Â± 8MW and a decrease in vacuum Â± 24 mmHg. This is because at a certain period the condenser performance is reduced because at the time of switching valve one side of the condenser is not irrigated by seawater so that the heat transfer in the condenser is reduced which has an impact on a load of steam turbine and vacuum condenser. After the research was obtained that the greater the opening of the valve inlet when the condenser backwash then the decrease in vacuum and steam turbine load decreased even no decrease in load.The backwash method that can be done to keep the vacuum condenser and steam turbine load stable is by maneuvering the valve inlet, outlet, and condenser backwash valve. The results of the analysis obtained were a more stable decrease in steam turbine production in 0 MW and a decrease in the vacuum of 14 mmHg.
The Role of Additional Ceramic Waste on Expansive Clay Stability
Authors: Sudjianto Agus Tugas , Suraji Aji
Published: September 2023

One of the construction problems is often due to poor technical properties of the soil, unstable soil, and poor soil bearing capacity is one of the causes of high shrinkage expansion. The purpose of this study was the use of ceramic waste as a stabilizing agent for expansive clay. Expansive clay samples were taken in undisturbed and disturbed conditions. Variations in addition of ceramic waste to clay are 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. Physical properties were tested (moisture content, specific gravity, atterbeg and proctor limits) mechanical properties (free swelling). The results showed that the ceramic handicraft industry waste as a soil stabilizing agent showed that the results of the physical properties decreased in water content and specific gravity was quite consistent. In addition, the stress value increases after mixing ceramic waste are related to mechanical properties, and the longer the incubation day, the higher the swelling volume and the highest swelling volume in a mixture of 5% ceramic waste.
Determining In-situ Frequency Independent Attenuation and Complex Modulus of Pavement Materials using Wavelet Power Density of Vibration Method
Authors: Rosyidi Sri Atmaja P.
Published: September 2023

The features of vibration sources, site characteristics, the propagation of surface and body waves in the ground, and the reaction of structures are all important to consider when analyzing vibration-related issues, including those caused by traffic loading. Pavement vibration analysis can be used to determine the impact of damaging vibrations on the road and surrounding buildings or structures. Furthermore, this vibration can be utilized to calculate the dynamic properties of road pavement materials, such as the attenuation factor and damping ratio of the material, as well as the complex modulus of the pavement material. To minimize vibration damage, an environmental zone that is effective in reducing ground vibration amplitude is frequently used. However, estimating the degree of decrease in vibration amplitude at a given distance is challenging. In general, vibration attenuation with distance is made up of two components: geometric damping and material damping. Geometric damping is related to the qualities of the ground and the magnitude of the vibration, while material damping is dependent on the nature of the source of the vibration. The majority of ground vibrations are now monitored mainly at the ground surface, rather than in deep layers, and propagation patterns are not properly considered. The wavelet power density of vibration technique was used in this study to quantify the frequency-dependent attenuation of geometric damping at a variety of pavement structures in Malaysia and Indonesia. At each location, the energy in a seismic wave signal was calculated as a function of the Gaussian of the derivative wavelet in signal amplitude. The vibration source's propagating waves were described by examining the recorded particle motions and significant energy components in the time-frequency domain. The complex modulus of pavement materials was then calculated using the frequency-dependent attenuation factors. The results reveal that the wavelet power density of vibration method can properly define the physical properties of the dynamic pavement material, such as attenuation frequency, damping ratio, and complex pavement modulus. This approach has the advantages of being quick, cost-effective, and nondestructive.
Gastroenterology: Update of Radiologic Diagnosis
Authors: Kikkawa Kaz
Published: September 2023

The recent rapid advance in medical technology has brought a wide scale expansion of radiologic diagnostic modalities, and a considerable knowledge of algorithmic applications of these diagnostic means has been accumulated. The Department of Radiology at Robert Packer/Guthrie Clinic has been engaged in ultrasonographic examination, computerized tomography of the abdomen, nuclear imaging, angiography, and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography during the recent years. With endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, which has been introduced by the Department of Gastroenterology, we are now able to offer a very flexible and comprehensive diagnostic approach to any abdominal problem and to give a clinician a reasonable solution, which eventually benefits the patient.
Angiogram of Occult and Non-Occult Neoplasms of the Abdomen
Authors: Kikkawa Kaz
Published: September 2023

Development of a Seldinger’s technique of catheter introduction into the arterial system and improvement of the catheter itself opened a new frontier for radiologists during the 1950’s through 1960’s.1 Angiography with a constant refinement of the technique, a wide clinical application, and experience established a definite place in the radiologic diagnostic armamentarium by the late 1960’s.
Floresan Mikroskop Sistemlerinde Yüksek Doğruluklu Nükleer Segmentasyonu için Otomatik Kodlayıcı Tabanlı Modellerin Geliştirilmesi
Authors: EMİR Sümeyye Nur , DANIŞMAZ Sibel , DOĞAN Hülya , DOĞAN Ramazan Özgür
Published: September 2023

Mikroskobik sistemlerde doku veya hücre numunelerinde nükleer morfoloji veya biyolojik belirteçler gibi bölümleri görselleştirmek için hematoksilen ve eozin (Hematoxylin and eosin - H&E) histolojik boyamalar, immünohistokimyasal (immunohistovhemical - IHC) ve immünofloresan (immunofluorescence - IF) boyama yaklaşımları geliştirilmiştir. H&E veya IHC boyamalar ile karşılaştırıldığında, IF boyamaların sayısala aktarılması uzmanlar için daha zorlu ve zaman alıcı olmaktadır. Fakat, IF boyama yaklaşımlarında daha fazla hücresel veya hücre altı belirteç görüntülenebilmektedir. Floresan mikroskoplardan elde edilmiş nükleer segmentasyonunun yüksek doğrulukla otomatik gerçekleştirilmesi IF boyama yaklaşımlarındaki hücreler hakkında daha fazla bilgi elde edilmesini sağlamaktadır. Literatürde diğer mikroskobik sistemlerden elde edilmiş görüntülerde hücre veya doku segmentasyonu için birçok çalışma geliştirilmiş ve yüksek doğruluklu sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Fakat diğer alanlarda gerçekleştirilen bu başarı, floresan mikroskoplardan elde edilmiş görüntülerdeki nükleer segmentasyonu için elde edilmemiştir. Bu kapsamda, çalışmada floresan mikroskop sistemlerinde nükleer segmentasyonu için yüksek doğruluklu otomatik kodlayıcı modelleri geliştirilmektedir. Geliştirilen otomatik kodlayıcı modellerinin analizi uzman kişiler tarafından işaretlenmiş, floresan mikroskop görüntülerinden oluşan veri seti kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmektedir. Çalışmada kullanılan performans değerlendirme prosedürleri açısından, gerçekleştirilen otomatik kodlayıcı modellerinin başarılarının otomatik nükleer segmentasyon için tatmin edici olduğu açıkça görülmektedir.
Namlu Malzemesi Seçiminde Sezgisel Bulanık Karar Verme Metodolojisi
Authors: KANDEMİR Yaşam , VAROL Temel , YILDIZ Uğur Temel
Published: September 2023

Günümüzde silah kullanımı bireysel veya kitlesel olarak artış göstermektedir. Bu artışa paralel olarak silah endüstrisinde namlu üretim aşamasında önemli gelişmeler yaşanmaktadır. Yaşanan gelişmelerin sonucunda namlu üretiminde kullanılan malzemeler ön plana çıkmaktadır. Namlu üretiminde gerek fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri gerekse de ulaşılabilirlikleri sebebiyle çelik malzemeler tercih edilmektedir. Bununla birlikte namlu malzemesi seçiminde karar verme süreci ortaya çıkmaktadır. Karar verme sürecinin yürütülmesinde çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada namlu malzemesi seçiminde Sezgisel bulanık Topsis yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Alternatif malzemeler X40CrMoV5-1, X12CrS13, 42CrMo4 ve 32CrMoV12-10 ve C45 olarak belirlenmiştir. Kriterler ise akma dayanımı, sertlik, darbe dayanımı ve maliyettir. Alternatifler ve kriterlerin değerlendirilmesinde uzman fikirlerine başvurulmuştur. Uzmanların değerlendirme sonuçları IFWA operatörü ile bütünleşik hale getirilmiştir. Uygulanan sezgisel bulanık TOPSIS yöntemi sonucunda en iyi kriter darbe dayanımı, en uygun namlu malzemelerinin 32CrMoV12-10 ve 42CrMo4 çelikleri olduğu hesaplanmıştır.
Kare Kanatçıklı Isı Alıcıda Elektrosprey Soğutma ile Isı Transfer Karakteristiklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: KABAKUŞ Abdüssamed , YAKUT Kenan
Published: September 2023

Bu çalışmada literatüründe hakkında oldukça sınırlı çalışma olan elektrosprey soğutmada, elektrik geriliminin, soğutucu akışkan debisinin ve nozul çapının ısı alıcı üzerindeki ısı transfer performansına etkileri araştırılmıştır. Deneyler 20 mm ısı alıcı-nozul arası mesafede ve 1,88-2,02-2,19-2,4-2,59-2,75-2,99-3,2 kW/m2 ısı akılarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Soğutucu akışkan olarak etanol kullanılmıştır. 3,4-4,4-5,4 kV gerilimlerde, 0,1-0,2-0,3 ml/dk akışkan debilerinde ve 20-25-30 G nozul çaplarında deneyler yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak nozul çapının azalması, soğutucu akışkan debisinin ve elektrik geriliminin artmasıyla ısı alıcı üzerinden gerçekleşen ısı transferinin arttığı belirlenmiştir. Herbir değişken parametre için farklı elektrosprey modu gözlemlenmiş, multi jet modunda etkili soğutma elde edilmiştir.
Otomatik Gerilim Regülatörü Sistemi için Farklı Optimizasyon Teknikleri Ayarlı Denetleyici Tasarımı
Authors: CAN Özay
Published: September 2023

Otomatik gerilim regülatörü (OGR), güç sistemlerindeki senkron generatörün uç gerilimini kontrol etmek ve düzenlemek amacıyla kullanılan önemli bir kontrol sistemidir. Bu amaçla, bu çalışmada, OGR sistemi için çeşitli meta-sezgisel optimizasyon teknikleri ayarlı denetleyici tasarımı gerçekleştirilmiştir. OGR sisteminde denetleyici olarak oransal – integral – türev (PID) denetleyici kullanılmıştır ve bu denetleyicinin parametreleri son yıllarda geliştirilmiş olan açlık oyunları algoritması (HGS), INFO algoritması ve goril birlikleri optimizasyonu (GTO) gibi optimizasyon teknikleri yardımıyla optimal olarak ayarlanmıştır. Amaçlanan optimizasyon teknikleri ayarlı PID denetleyicisinin geçici zaman performansları simülasyon çalışmaları yardımıyla incelenmiştir ve aşma değeri, yükselme süresi, yerleşme süresi gibi performans değerleri açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. Ek olarak, denetleyiciler arasında kutup/sıfır analizi, bode analizi ve gürbüzlük analizi açısından karşılaştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlardan PID denetleyicinin parametrelerinin ayarlanması amacıyla kullanılan HGS, INFO ve GTO optimizasyon tekniklerinin birbirine yakın ve dikkate değer performans gösterdiği görülmektedir.