bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outer membrane vesicles as platform vaccine technology
Authors: van der Pol Leo , Stork Michiel , van der Ley Peter
Published: November 2015

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are released spontaneously during growth by many Gram‐negative bacteria. They present a range of surface antigens in a native conformation and have natural properties like immunogenicity, self‐adjuvation and uptake by immune cells which make them attractive for application as vaccines against pathogenic bacteria. In particular with Neisseria meningitidis, they have been investigated extensively and an OMV‐containing meningococcal vaccine has recently been approved by regulatory agencies. Genetic engineering of the OMV‐producing bacteria can be used to improve and expand their usefulness as vaccines. Recent work on meningitis B vaccines shows that OMVs can be modified, such as for lipopolysaccharide reactogenicity, to yield an OMV product that is safe and effective. The overexpression of crucial antigens or simultaneous expression of multiple antigenic variants as well as the expression of heterologous antigens enable expansion of their range of applications. In addition, modifications may increase the yield of OMV production and can be combined with specific production processes to obtain high amounts of well‐defined, stable and uniform OMV particle vaccine products. Further improvement can facilitate the development of OMVs as platform vaccine product for multiple applications.
Follow best practices to boost effectiveness of rules education, awareness training
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: November 2015

You try every which way to convey critical rules and regulations to your student‐athletes, coaches, boosters and others. But after they walk away from that meeting or put down that piece of paper, do they retain the information and understand how to comply?
Limit financial, legal risks by paying careful attention to key aspects of coaching contracts
Authors: Farha Darron C.
Published: November 2015

The failure to use the right wording and approach in coaching contracts can leave you open to unnecessary financial, legal and public relations risks.
Antitrust, amateurism rule in O'Bannon case
Authors: O'Brien Timothy
Published: November 2015

Ed O'Bannon claimed that the National Collegiate Athletic Association's eligibility rules that prohibit student‐athletes from receiving compensation for the use of their names, images and likenesses violated antitrust laws. In August 2014, U.S. District Court Judge Claudia Wilken agreed and enjoined the NCAA from enforcing any rule that would limit a scholarship below the full cost of attendance and from prohibiting the funding of a trust fund for each student‐athlete at a rate up to $5,000 per year (an amount she established).
Take proactive steps to foster positive, accurate coverage of college athletics
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: November 2015

This era of intense scrutiny, accompanied by the prolific spread of misinformation by the media, fans and the general public, makes it more important than ever for athletics administrators to advocate for college athletics by using proactive communication strategies.
Second‐Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of a Dithienylethene–Indolinooxazolidine Hybrid: A Joint Experimental and Theoretical Investigation
Authors: Bondu Flavie , Quertinmont Jean , Rodriguez Vincent , Pozzo Jean‐Luc , Plaquet Aurélie , Champagne Benoît , Castet Frédéric
Published: November 2015

The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of a double photochrome molecular switch are reported for the first time by considering the four trans forms of a dithienylethene–indolinooxazolidine hybrid. The four forms are characterized by means of hyper‐Rayleigh scattering (HRS) experiments and quantum chemical calculations. Experimental measurements provide evidence that the pH‐ and light‐triggered transformations between the different forms of the hybrid are accompanied by large variations of the first hyperpolarizability, which makes this compound an effective multistate NLO switch. Quantum chemical calculations conducted at the time‐dependent Hartree–Fock and time‐dependent DFT levels agree with the experimental data and allow a complete rationalization of the NLO responses of the different forms. The HRS signal of the forms with an open indolinooxazolidine moiety are more than one order of magnitude larger than that measured for the other forms, whereas the open/closed status of the dithienylethene subunit barely influences the dynamic NLO properties. However, extrapolation of the NLO responses to the static limit leads to univocally distinguishable intrinsic responses for three of the various forms. This hybrid system thus acts as a highly efficient multistate NLO switch for eventual exploitation in optical memory systems with multiple storage and nondestructive readout capacity.
Synthesis and Characterisation of Fluorescent Carbon Nanodots Produced in Ionic Liquids by Laser Ablation
Authors: Castro Hemerson P. S. , Souza Virgínia S. , Scholten Jackson D. , Dias Janine H. , Fernandes Jesum A. , Rodembusch Fabiano S. , dos Reis Roberto , Dupont Jairton , Teixeira Sérgio R. , Correia Ricardo R. B.
Published: November 2015

Carbon nanodots (C‐dots) with an average size of 1.5 and 3.0 nm were produced by laser ablation in different imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs), namely, 1‐n‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMI.BF4), 1‐n‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (BMI.NTf2) and 1‐n‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (OMI.NTf2). The mean size of the nanoparticles is influenced by the imidazolium alkyl side chain but not by the nature of the anion. However, by varying the anion (BF4 vs. NTf2) it was possible to detect a significant modification of the fluorescence properties. The C‐dots are much probably stabilised by an electrostatic layer of the IL and this interaction has played an important role with regard to the formation, stabilisation and photoluminescence properties of the nanodots. A tuneable broadband fluorescence emission from the colloidal suspension was observed under ultraviolet/visible excitation with fluorescence lifetimes fitted by a multi‐exponential decay with average values around 7 ns.
ChemInform Abstract: Sr14Sn3As12 and Eu14Sn3As12: Enantiomorph‐Like Zintl Compounds.
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Cun , Pan Ming‐Yan , Xia Sheng‐Qing , Tao Xu‐Tang
Published: November 2015

Sr14Sn3As12 and Eu14Sn3As12 are prepared by melting of the elements with excess tin as a flux (Sr(Eu):Fe:Sn:As = 8:3:20:5; alumina crucible in evacuated silica tubes, 1000 °C, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structures of BaLaSi2 with cis—trans Si Chains and Ba5LaSi6 with Pentagonal Si Rings.
Authors: Hashimoto Takayuki , Yamane Hisanori , Yamada Takahiro , Sekiguchi Takashi
Published: November 2015

Prismatic single crystals of BaLaSi2 (I) and Ba5LaSi6 (II) are prepared by melting and sintering the elements in the molar ratios of Ba:La:Si:Na (flux) = 4:1:2:14.4 and Ba:La:Si = 1:1:2, resp.
ChemInform Abstract: Ca3[BN2]I3: The First Halide‐Rich Alkaline Earth Nitridoborate with Isolated [BN2]3‐ Units.
Authors: Ezgi Toros Turna , Yahyaoglu Muejde , Aydemir Umut , Drathen Christina , Akselrud Lev , Prots Yurii , Hoehn Peter , Somer Mehmet
Published: November 2015

The title compound is prepared from a mixture of Ca3[BN2]2 and CaI2 in a molar 1:4 ratio (Nb tube, 1223 K, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Nontypical Luminescence Properties and Structural Relation of Ba3P5N10X:Eu2+ (X: Cl, I): Nitridophosphate Halides with Zeolite‐Like Structure.
Authors: Marchuk Alexey , Wendl Sebastian , Imamovic Nedzada , Tambornino Frank , Wiechert Detlef , Schmidt Peter J. , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: November 2015

Ba3P5N10X (X: Cl, I) are prepared by hot press‐sintering of stoichiometric mixtures of Ba(N3)2, P3N5, and BaX2 (h‐BN crucible in multianvil press, 1—5 GPa, 1000 °C, 2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Electrical Properties of Tetragonal Tungsten Bronze Ba2CeFeNb4O15.
Authors: Ma Hongqiang , Lin Kun , Liu Laijun , Yang Baoling , Rong Yangchun , Chen Jun , Deng Jinxia , Kawaguchi Shogo , Kato Kenichi , Xing Xianran
Published: November 2015

Polycrystalline BaCeFeNb4O15 (I) is prepared by calcining a stoichiometric mixture of BaCO3, Fe2O3, Nb2O5, and CeO2 (1.
ChemInform Abstract: Designing Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution: Are Complex Preparation Strategies Necessary to Produce Active Catalysts?
Authors: Grewe Tobias , Tueysuez Harun
Published: November 2015

As a proof of a preparative concept, an amorphous nanostructured TaOx(OH)y composite photocatalyst is prepared by rapid injection of Ta(O‐Et)5 into a photoreactor filled with a H2O/MeOH mixture.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Magnetism of Eu3Sc2O5Fe2As2.
Authors: Hummel Franziska , Tegel Marcus , Gerke Birgit , Poettgen Rainer , Johrendt Dirk
Published: November 2015

The title compound is synthesized from a stoichiometric mixture of Eu, Sc, FeO, and As2O3 (alumina crucible, 1173 K for 20 h and sintering at 1373 K for 120 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrazine‐Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of the Two New Quaternary Thioantimonates(III) BaAgSbS3 and BaAgSbS3·H2O.
Authors: Liu Chang , Shen Yaying , Hou Peipei , Zhi Mingjia , Zhou Chunmei , Chai Wenxiang , Cheng Jian‐Wen , Liu Yi
Published: November 2015

BaAgSbS3 (I) and BaAgSbS3·H2O (II) are prepared in 38% and ≈50% yield, resp., by a hydrazine‐hydrothermal reaction using Ba(OH)2, Ag, Sb2S3, and S in the molar ratios of 1:0.5:0.2:2.5 for (I) and 1:1:0.5:2 for (II) using a fixed quantity (4 mL) of N2H4·H2O (autoclave, 160 °C, 7 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Bonding Analysis of the Hypoelectronic Cubic Phase Ca5Pd6Ge6.
Authors: Doverbratt Isa , Ponou Simeon , Wang Fei , Lidin Sven
Published: November 2015

Ca5Pd6Ge6 is obtained during a systematic investigation of the Ca—Pd—Ge ternary phase diagram.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Intermolecular Mizoroki—Heck Reaction for Construction of a Chiral Quaternary Carbon Center.
Authors: Zhang Qing‐Song , Wan Shi‐Li , Chen Di , Ding Chang‐Hua , Hou Xue‐Long
Published: November 2015

A variety of 2,2‐disubstituted 2,5‐dihydrofurans (III) are synthesized in high yields with excellent enantioselectivity via a Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric Mizoroki—Heck reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Diverse β‐Quaternary Ketones via Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Arylboronic Acids to Cyclic Enones.
Authors: Holder Jeffrey C. , Goodman Emmett D. , Kikushima Kotaro , Gatti Michele , Marziale Alexander N. , Stoltz Brian M.
Published: November 2015

Optimized conditions allow the synthesis of a wide range of β‐arylated cyclic ketones with high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective [3 + 2] and [3 + 3] Cycloaddition Reactions of Propargyl Acetals/Ketals.
Authors: Navarro Cristina , Shapiro Nathan D. , Bernasconi Maurizio , Horibe Takahiro , Toste F. Dean
Published: November 2015

A stepwise migration/fragmentation of acetals or ketals gives gold‐carbenoid intermediates which undergo asymmetric [3 + 2] cycloaddition with aldehydes to form 2,5‐dihydrofurans.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tetrahydro‐1,2‐oxazines and Pyrrolidines via Cycloadditions of Donor—Acceptor Cyclobutanes and Nitrosoarenes.
Authors: Vemula Naresh , Pagenkopf Brian L.
Published: November 2015

The electronic nature of the nitrosoarene and judicious selection of the Lewis acid catalyst have a profound effect on the regioselectivity of the cycloaddition reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Cleavage of Inert Aryl C—O Bonds to Produce Arenes.
Authors: Xu Huanjun , Yu Bo , Zhang Hongye , Zhao Yanfei , Yang Zhenzhen , Xu Jilei , Han Buxing , Liu Zhimin
Published: November 2015

Reductive cleavage of the aryl C—O bonds in various phenolic compounds (I) and (III) as well as aryl ethers (IV), (V), and (VI) is achieved using LiAlH4 combined with KOtBu to afford the corresponding arenes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: mCPBA‐Mediated Metal‐Free Intramolecular Aminohydroxylation and Dioxygenation of Unfunctionalized Olefins.
Authors: Liu Gong‐Qing , Li Lin , Duan Lili , Li Yue‐Ming
Published: November 2015

Aminohydroxylation product (IVb) can be carried out at gram‐scale and the hydroxyl group can be further converted to a variety of different functional groups via conventional group transformation reactions such as azidation, bromination, acetylation, carboxylation and Swern oxidation.
ChemInform Abstract: Tailoring Flavins for Visible Light Photocatalysis: Organocatalytic [2 + 2] Cycloadditions Mediated by a Flavin Derivative and Visible Light.
Authors: Mojr Viktor , Svobodova Eva , Strakova Karolina , Nevesely Tomas , Chudoba Josef , Dvorakova Hana , Cibulka Radek
Published: November 2015

An alloxazine derivative allows the efficient cyclobutane ring formation via intramolecular [2 + 2] cycloaddition of both electron‐rich styrene dienes and electron‐poor bis(arylenones).
ChemInform Abstract: Acid Chloride Synthesis by the Palladium‐Catalyzed Chlorocarbonylation of Aryl Bromides.
Authors: Quesnel Jeffrey S. , Kayser Laure V. , Fabrikant Alexander , Arndtsen Bruce A.
Published: November 2015

Pd‐catalyzed carbonylation of aryl bromides (I) in the presence of phosphonium chloride provides an efficient access to benzoic chlorides, which can be easily transformed into corresponding esters (IV) or hydrazides (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Chiral β‐Fluoro α‐Amino Acids via Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Fluorination of Unactivated Methylene C(sp3)—H Bonds: Scope and Mechanistic Studies.
Authors: Zhang Qi , Yin Xue‐Song , Chen Kai , Zhang Shuo‐Qing , Shi Bing‐Feng
Published: November 2015

The first examples for Pd(II)‐catalyzed direct fluorination of unactivated methylene C(sp3)—H bonds by an inner‐sphere mechanism are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: H‐Phosphonate‐Mediated Sulfonylation of Heteroaromatic N‐Oxides: A Mild and Metal‐Free One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Sulfonyl Quinolines/Pyridines.
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Lan , et al.
Published: November 2015

Studies concerning the mechanism indicate that electrophilic sulfonyl chlorides (II) are transformed into nucleophilic sulfonylanions in the presence of dialkyl H‐phosphonates.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroamination of Terminal Alkynes with Secondary Amines Catalyzed by Copper: Regioselective Access to Amines.
Authors: Bahri Janet , Blieck Remi , Jamoussi Bassem , Taillefer Marc , Monnier Florian
Published: November 2015

A series of tertiary amines (III) and (V) is readily prepared by a copper‐catalyzed solvent‐free hydroamination of alkynes (I) with secondary amines (II) and (IV) followed by reduction of intermediate (E)‐enamines.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed C—N Coupling of Vinylbromides and Sulfonimidamides: A Facile Synthesis of N′‐Vinylsulfonimidamides.
Authors: Nandi Ganesh C. , Kota Sudhakar R. , Wakchaure Prasad B. , Chinthakindi Praveen K. , Govender Thavendran , Kruger Hendrick G. , Naicker Tricia , Arvidsson Per I.
Published: November 2015

The reaction proceeds under retention of the stereochemistry of the vinyl bromide.
ChemInform Abstract: A Nucleophilic Strategy for Enantioselective Intermolecular α‐Amination: Access to Enantioenriched α‐Arylamino Ketones.
Authors: Miles Dillon H. , Guasch Joan , Toste F. Dean
Published: November 2015

A novel strategy for the enantioselective synthesis of α‐arylamino hydrazones, which can be hydrolyzed to the corresponding ketones, is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Ipso‐Borylation of Aryl Ethers via Ni‐Catalyzed C—OMe Cleavage.
Authors: Zarate Cayetana , Manzano Ruben , Martin Ruben
Published: November 2015

An efficient procedure is elaborated for the Ni‐catalyzed ipso‐borylation of methyl ethers (I) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Cu‐Catalyzed Silylation of Alkynes: A Traceless 2‐Pyridylsulfonyl Controller Allows Access to Either Regioisomer on Demand.
Authors: Garcia‐Rubia Alfonso , Romero‐Revilla Jose A. , Mauleon Pablo , Gomez Arrayas Ramon , Carretero Juan C.
Published: November 2015

The copper‐catalyzed silylation of alkynes (I) leads regioselectively to β‐silylated (E)‐alkenes (III), whilst treatment of alkynes (VIII) with tetrabutylammonium dihydrogen phosphate followed by silylation of intermediate allenyl sulfones affords α‐silylated (E)‐alkenes (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Oxyalkylation of Enol Ethers with α‐Amino Carbonyl Compounds and Hydroperoxides.
Authors: Wei Wen‐Ting , Li Hai‐Bing , Song Ren‐Jie , Li Jin‐Heng
Published: November 2015

leading to 2‐amino‐3,4‐dioxy carbonyl compounds in moderate to good yields
ChemInform Abstract: Carboxylate Assisted Ni‐Catalyzed C—H Bond Allylation of Benzamides.
Authors: Barsu Nagaraju , Kalsi Deepti , Sundararaju Basker
Published: November 2015

Selective Ni‐catalyzed mono‐allylation of benzamides (I) and bis‐allylation of benzamides (VII) are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Directed Alkylation of Alkenes and Arenes with Alkylzinc Halides.
Authors: Ilies Laurean , Ichikawa Saki , Asako Sobi , Matsubara Tatsuaki , Nakamura Eiichi
Published: November 2015

Alkylzinc halide species are generated in‐situ from Grignard compounds and ZnCl2.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereoselective Modification of Chiral α‐Amino Ketones by Pd‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation.
Authors: Huwig Kai , Schultz Katharina , Kazmaier Uli
Published: November 2015

N‐protected α‐amino ketones are suitable nucleophiles for Pd‐catalyzed allylic alkylations to give the corresponding products (III) and (V) with diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Directed C(sp2)—H and C(sp3)—H Functionalization with Trimethylaluminum.
Authors: Shang Rui , Ilies Laurean , Nakamura Eiichi
Published: November 2015

Direct methylation of a C(sp2)—H or C(sp3)—H bond to the corresponding C—Me bond succeeds by using trimethylaluminum in the presence of catalytic amounts of iron(III) acetylacetonate and a diphosphine ligand along with 2,3‐dichlorobutane (DCB) as a stoichiometric oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Gadolinium‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Enantioselective Aminolysis of Aromatic trans‐2,3‐Epoxy Sulfonamides.
Authors: Wang Chuan , Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: November 2015

An unprecedented aminolysis of epoxy sulfonamides with the sulfonamide moiety as directing group is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Cleavage of Electron‐Rich Double Bonds in Dienes to Carbonyl Compounds with [Fe(OTf)2(mix‐BPBP)] and a Combination of H2O2 and NaIO4.
Authors: Spannring Peter , Yazerski Vital A. , Chen Jianming , Otte Matthias , Weckhuysen Bert M. , Bruijnincx Pieter C. A. , Klein Gebbink Robertus J. M.
Published: November 2015

Various aldehydes and ketones are selectively obtained by cleavage of internal double bonds under mild reaction conditions without significant over‐oxidation.
ChemInform Abstract: Umpolung Strategy for Synthesis of β‐Ketonitriles Through Hypervalent Iodine‐Promoted Cyanation of Silyl Enol Ethers.
Authors: Shen Hang , Li Jiaqiang , Liu Qing , Pan Jing , Huang Ruofeng , Xiong Yan
Published: November 2015

The reaction proceeds via a hypervalent iodine(III)—CN species formed in situ from Tms—CN, Ph—IO and BF3·OEt2.
ChemInform Abstract: Thioether‐Directed Acetoxylation of C(sp2)—H Bonds of Arenes by Palladium Catalysis.
Authors: Wang Binjie , Lin Cong , Liu Yue , Fan Zili , Liu Zhanxiang , Zhang Yuhong
Published: November 2015

A Pd(II)‐catalyzed thioether‐directed regioselective acetoxylation of arenes is disclosed.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Desulfurative Carbocyclizations of α‐(3‐Butenoyl) Ketene Dithioacetals in the Presence of Silanes.
Authors: Liu Bangyu , Chang Jian , Zheng Gang , Song Xiaoning , Wang Mang
Published: November 2015

Optimized conditions allow the preparation of various 2‐cyclopentenone structures with high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Diaryl Ethers by Means of Chemoselective C—F Bond Activation and the Formation of B—F Bonds.
Authors: Chen Jianping , Zhao Keyan , Ge Bingyang , Xu Chongying , Wang Dawei , Ding Yuqiang
Published: November 2015

The title reaction is achieved through the use of bis(pinacolato)diboron with the formation of the B—F bond followed by homo‐coupling.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐Acyl‐N,O‐acetals from Aldehydes, Amides and Alcohols.
Authors: Halli Juliette , Hofman Kamil , Beisel Tamara , Manolikakes Georg
Published: November 2015

The desired acetals, important substrates in organic chemistry, are available via a two‐step sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Acid‐Catalyzed Synthesis of α‐Trifluoromethylthiolated Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Alazet Sebastien , Ismalaj Ermal , Glenadel Quentin , Le Bars Didier , Billard Thierry
Published: November 2015

A broad spectrum of carbonyl substrates can be successfully transformed with agent (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid and Efficient Synthesis of Spiro‐Oxindoles Using Fe3+‐Montmorillonite under Ultrasonic Irradiation.
Authors: Mamaghani Manouchehr , Tabatabaeian Khalil , Pourshiva Mina , Nia Roghayeh Hossein
Published: November 2015

Spiro‐oxindoles, with potential use as anti‐cancer drugs are synthesized by a simple, one‐pot, three‐component reaction under ultrasonic irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Terminal Alkynes with Ene‐yne‐ketones: Access to Conjugated Enynes via Metal Carbene Migratory Insertion.
Authors: Xia Ying , Liu Zhen , Ge Rui , Xiao Qing , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo
Published: November 2015

29 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Quaternary 3,3′‐Indolyloxindoles by Combination of Rh(II) Complexes and Chiral Phosphines.
Authors: Chen Dian‐Feng , Zhang Chen‐long , Hu Yue , Han Zhi‐Yong , Gong Liu‐Zhu
Published: November 2015

A combined catalyst system consisting of an Rh(II) complex and an amino acid‐derived chiral phosphine enables enantioselective sequential C—H functionalization/asymmetric addition reactions of indoles and diazooxindoles with allenoates or vinyl ketones, affording enantioenriched indolyloxindoles with unprecedented quaternary stereogenic center‐linking patterns.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Aza‐Henry Reaction to Provide Oxindoles with Quaternary Carbon Stereocenter Catalyzed by a Metal‐Templated Chiral Broensted Base.
Authors: Hu Ying , Zhou Zijun , Gong Lei , Meggers Eric
Published: November 2015

The title reaction between isatin‐derived ketimines and aryl nitromethanes is catalyzed by an inert octahedral chiral‐at‐metal iridium(III) complex that serves as a chiral Broensted base, providing oxindoles with a quaternary stereocenter.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(III)‐Catalyzed C—H Amidation of Indoles with Isocyanates.
Authors: Jeong Taejoo , Han Sangil , Mishra Neeraj Kumar , Sharma Satyasheel , Lee Seok‐Yong , Oh Joa Sub , Kwak Jong Hwan , Jung Young Hoon , Kim In Su
Published: November 2015

The reaction of N‐pyrimidinylindoles and ‐pyrroles with alkyl‐ and aryl isocyanates affords the corresponding 2‐carboxamides.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Iodine‐Catalyzed Dearomatizative Spirocyclization for the Enantioselective Construction of an All‐Carbon Stereogenic Center.
Authors: Zhang Dong‐Yang , Xu Lue , Wu Hua , Gong Liu‐Zhu
Published: November 2015

The optimized conditions with IAC as the chiral catalyst render possible the preparation of various spirooxindole structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Cyclization of Halo‐Ketones to Form 3‐Hydroxy‐2‐oxindoles via Palladium Catalyzed Hydrogenation: A Hydrogen‐Mediated Grignard Addition.
Authors: Shin Inji , Ramgren Stephen D. , Krische Michael J.
Published: November 2015

The reductive cyclization of halodiketones (I) and (III) provides the corresponding oxindole derivatives in moderate to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3,3‐Dichloro‐2‐oxindoles from Isatin‐3‐p‐tosylhydrazones and (Dichloroiodo)benzene.
Authors: Hepples Charlotte , Murphy Graham K.
Published: November 2015

This facile chlorination method is advantageous with regards to good functional group tolerance, high chemoselectivity, and short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acid‐Mediated Annulation of α‐Oxo Ketene Dithioacetals with Pyrroles: Efficient Synthesis of Structurally Diverse Cyclopenta[b]pyrroles.
Authors: Yang Xiaoge , Wu Kaikai , Wu Ping , Chen Jiping , Sun Chenglin , Yu Zhengkun
Published: November 2015

The annulation of dithioacetals with pyrroles is accompanied by a migration of the ethylthio group to afford cyclopenta[b]pyrroles such as (III) and (VIII), which are converted into sulfones (IV) and (IX), resp., using MCPBA as oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Expedient Construction of the [5‐6‐7] Tricyclic Core of Calyciphylline A‐Type Alkaloids.
Authors: Guo Jing‐Jing , Li Yun , Cheng Bin , Xu Tingting , Tao Cheng , Yang Xinkan , Zhang Denghong , Yan Guangqi , Zhai Hongbin
Published: November 2015

A highly efficient intramolecular Diels—Alder cycloaddition for the establishment of the aza‐five‐membered ring and the C‐1 quaternary center is the key step for the construction of the title tricyclic core, followed by cyclopropanation together with a ring‐expansion for the construction of the seven‐membered ring.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic‐Bisphosphine‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Sequential [4 + 2]/[4 + 2] Annulation of an Allenoate with Benzylidenepyrazolones.
Authors: Jia Yu , Tang Xiao , Cai Guowei , Jia Ruxuan , Wang Boran , Miao Zhiwei
Published: November 2015

A simple and practical approach to the desired heterocyclic system (III) is evaluated and becomes possible in the presence of the diphosphine shown.
ChemInform Abstract: NIS/PhI(OAc)2‐Mediated Diamination/Oxidation of N‐Alkenyl Formamidines: Facile Synthesis of Fused Tricyclic Ureas.
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wu Weijie , Zhang Xuejun , Zhang Gengtao , Xu Sheng , Shi Min
Published: November 2015

Control experiments reveal that the oxidation process is probably concerted with the diamination cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Scope and Mechanistic Limitations of a Sonogashira Coupling Reaction on an Imidazole Backbone.
Authors: Sandtorv Alexander H. , Bjoersvik Hans‐Rene
Published: November 2015

An optimal method is developed which allows the coupling of the halogenated imidazole (I) with terminal alkynes to obtain highly functionalized derivatives as synthons of natural products.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of endo‐ and exo‐N‐Protected 5‐Arylated 2‐Aminothiazoles Through Direct Arylation: An Efficient Route to Cell Differentiation Accelerators.
Authors: Dao‐Huy Toan , Waldner Birgit J. , Wimmer Laurin , Schnuerch Michael , Mihovilovic Marko D.
Published: November 2015

An improved procedure is evaluated for the arylation of thiazoles of type (I) with aryl bromides which produce better yields in most cases compared with the corresponding iodides.
ChemInform Abstract: Azide—Acetonitrile “click” Reaction Triggered by Cs2CO3: The Atom‐Economic, High‐Yielding Synthesis of 5‐Amino‐1,2,3‐triazoles.
Authors: Krishna Patoju M. , Ramachary Dhevalapally B. , Peesapati Sruthi
Published: November 2015

Tosyl azide does not react under the given conditions to yield the desired product.
ChemInform Abstract: Heteroatom‐Guided, Palladium‐Catalyzed, Site‐Selective C—H Arylation of 4H‐Chromenes: Diastereoselective Assembly of the Core Structure of Myristinin B Through Dual C—H Functionalization.
Authors: Pawar Govind Goroba , Tiwari Virendra Kumar , Jena Himanshu Sekhar , Kapur Manmohan
Published: November 2015

Conditions for the site‐selective coupling of 4‐substituted chromenes with aryliodides as well as aryl boronic acids are elaborated which provide the corresponding 2‐arylated derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of 2‐(2‐Phenyl‐4H‐chromen‐4‐ylidene)‐2H‐indene‐1,3‐diones and Related Compounds Involving an Interesting Aerial Oxidation.
Authors: Guha Chayan , Samanta Swati , Sepay Nayim , Mallik Asok K.
Published: November 2015

The Amberlyst‐15 catalyzed reaction of 2‐hydroxychalcones with indane‐1,3‐dione provides the title compounds (III) and (V) via a Michael addition/cyclization/dehydration/oxidation sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Nitrile Insertion via C—H Activation or Self‐Coupling of Indole‐2‐carboxylic Acids: A New Route to Indolocarbolines and Triindoles.
Authors: Prasad Tulichala R. N. , Kumara Swamy K. C.
Published: November 2015

A new Pd‐catalyzed cyclization reaction of indolecarboxylic acids (I) with nitriles (II) proceeds via decarboxylative dual C—H activation leading to fluorescence active indolocarbolines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of New [1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3‐b]pyridazine.
Authors: Arghiani Z. , Seyedi S. M. , Bakavoli M. , Eshghi H.
Published: November 2015

A wide range of the title pyridazines are obtained by two facile routes, either cyclocondensation of substituted hydrazino pyridazines (I) with orthoesters or oxidative cyclization of their hydrazone analogs using nitrobenzene as oxidizing agent.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Domino Reactions for the Synthesis of Phenothiazines.
Authors: Huang Manna , Huang Dongting , Zhu Xinhai , Wan Yiqian
Published: November 2015

A novel method for the one‐pot synthesis of phenothiazines is established.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Synthesis of Triazolodiazepines.
Authors: Hooyberghs Geert , Van Hove Sofie , Jacobs Jeroen , Van Meervelt Luc , Van der Eycken Erik V.
Published: November 2015

Readily available starting materials are used in the tandem A3‐coupling—azidation—cyclization sequence to obtain potentially bioactive diazepine analogues.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfone Promoted Rh(III)‐Catalyzed C—H Activation and Base Assisted 1,5‐H Shift Strategy for the Construction of Seven‐Membered Rings.
Authors: Chen Dianpeng , Xing Gangdong , Zhou Hongwei
Published: November 2015

A sequence of Rh(III)‐catalyzed C—H activation, 1,5‐H shift, intramolecular allene insertion and protonolysis provides a facile synthesis of thiepine sulfones.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chiral α‐Amino Tertiary Boronic Esters by Enantioselective Hydroboration of α‐Arylenamides.
Authors: Hu Naifu , Zhao Guoqing , Zhang Yuanyuan , Liu Xiangqian , Li Guangyu , Tang Wenjun
Published: November 2015

An efficient catalytic system is found for the enantioselective hydroboration of α‐arylenamides (I) and (IX) with dipinacolyl hypodiborate (II) leading to chiral α‐amino tertiary boronic esters (III) and (X), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Alkynylsilylation of Alkynes.
Authors: Shintani Ryo , Kurata Hiroki , Nozaki Kyoko
Published: November 2015

The reaction proceeds via syn‐insertion in the presence of a cationic rhodium/triarylphosphine catalyst and can be regarded as the first alkynylsilylation of alkynes through the cleavage of a C(sp)—Si bond by transition‐metal catalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Silylation of Arene C—H Bonds: Desymmetrization of Diarylmethanols.
Authors: Lee Taegyo , Wilson Tyler W. , Berg Robert , Ryberg Per , Hartwig John F.
Published: November 2015

The hydrosilylation of symmetrical benzophenones (II) and (X) with diethylsilane followed by Rh‐catalyzed asymmetric intramolecular silylation gives rise to chiral benzoxasiloles (IV) and (XI), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Computationally Driven Reassignment of the Structures of Aldingenins A and B.
Authors: Mukhina Olga A. , Koshino Hiroyuki , Crimmins Michael T. , Kutateladze Andrei G.
Published: November 2015

Aldingenin A is assigned the structure of 5‐(S)‐hydroxycaespitol (I) and aldingenin B the structure of hemiacetal (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Saliramophenol, an Unprecedented Natural T‐Butylphenol Derivative from Salicornia ramosissima J. Woods.
Authors: Isca V. M. S. , Seca A. M. L. , Pinto D. C. G. A. , Silva H. , Silva A. M. S.
Published: November 2015

Saliramophenol (I) is the first example of a natural compound with a dimeric structure of two tertiary butylphenol units linked by an isopropyl‐type carbon‐carbon skeleton.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis and Biological Investigation of (‐)‐Promysalin.
Authors: Steele Andrew D. , Knouse Kyle W. , Keohane Colleen E. , Wuest William M.
Published: November 2015

An approach to the title compound (I) and three of its diastereomers is developed which allows the preparation of gram quantities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Zeolite Structures
Authors: Li Jiyang , Corma Avelino , Yu Jihong
Published: November 2015

Review: synthetic strategies primarily based on pre‐designed structure‐directed agents, heteroatom substitution, and topotactic transformations; 104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphorus Promotion and Poisoning in Zeolite‐Based Materials: Synthesis, Characterization and Catalysis
Authors: van der Bij Hendrik E. , Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: November 2015

Review: 192 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Basics and Prospective of Magnetic Heusler Compounds
Authors: Felser Claudia , Wollmann Lukas , Chadov Stanislav , Fecher Gerhard H. , Parkin Stuart S. P.
Published: November 2015

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Guest Effect on Spin‐Crossover Frameworks
Authors: Cirera Jordi
Published: November 2015

Review: 93 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanocatalysis: Size‐ and Shape‐dependent Chemisorption and Catalytic Reactivity
Authors: Roldan Cuenya Beatriz , Behafarid Farzad
Published: November 2015

Review: 624 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Critical Evaluation and Thermodynamic Modeling of the MgO‐MnO‐Mn2O3‐SiO2 System
Authors: Panda Sourav Kumar , Cao Zhanmin , Jung In‐Ho
Published: November 2015

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold Liquid Crystals in the XXI Century
Authors: Bardaji Manuel
Published: November 2015

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fused‐Ring Bulky “Rind” Groups Producing New Possibilities in Elemento‐Organic Chemistry
Authors: Matsuo Tsukasa , Tamao Kohei
Published: November 2015

Review: [57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Beyond Triphos — New Hinges for a Classical Chelating Ligand
Authors: Phanopoulos Andreas , Miller Philip W. , Long Nicholas J.
Published: November 2015

Review: 93 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Melting Complexes with Cationic Side Chains — Phosphonium‐, Ammonium‐ and Imidazolium‐Tagged Coordination Compounds
Authors: Klingele Julia
Published: November 2015

Review: 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metallocenes Meet Porphyrinoids: Consequences of a “Fusion”
Authors: Vecchi Andrea , Galloni Pierluca , Floris Barbara , Dudkin Semyon V. , Nemykin Victor N.
Published: November 2015

Review: 252 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Complexes with Protic (NH,NH and NH,NR) N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands
Authors: Jahnke Mareike C. , Hahn F. Ekkehardt
Published: November 2015

Review: 197 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Modern Organometallic and Coordination Chemistry of Beryllium
Authors: Iversen Kalon J. , Couchman Shannon A. , Wilson David J. D. , Dutton Jason L.
Published: November 2015

Review: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organo‐Transition Metal Cluster Complexes
Authors: Koutsantonis George A.
Published: November 2015

Review: synthesis and chemistry; 104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organometallic Complexes with 1,2,3‐Triazole‐Derived Ligands
Authors: Elliott Paul I. P.
Published: November 2015

Review: 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of a Procaspase‐Activating Compound on the Catalytic Activity of Mature Caspase‐3
Authors: Matsuo Takashi , Yamada Keita , Ishida Masaya , Miura Yoshiyuki , Yamanaka Masaru , Hirota Shun
Published: November 2015

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Azomethine Ylide: An Isolable 1,5‐Dipole for Affecting [5 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Yoo Eun Jeong
Published: November 2015

Review: [17 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Desmethyl Macrolide Antibiotics
Authors: Andrade Rodrigo B.
Published: November 2015

Review: [53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Acyclic Amino Acid Based Bifunctional Chiral Tertiary Amines, Quaternary Ammoniums and Iminophosphoranes as Organocatalysts
Authors: Zhao Xiaowei , Zhu Bo , Jiang Zhiyong
Published: November 2015

Review: [39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Focus on Triazolium as a Multipurpose Molecular Station for pH‐Sensitive Interlocked Crown‐Ether‐Based Molecular Machines
Authors: Coutrot Frederic
Published: November 2015

Review: [59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols and Amines to Imines
Authors: Chen Bo , Wang Lianyue , Gao Shuang
Published: November 2015

Review: 167 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioactive Amino Acids, Peptides and Peptidomimetics Containing Silicon
Authors: Sieburth Scott McN.
Published: November 2015

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Monomeric Phosphinoboranes
Authors: Bailey Jonathan A. , Pringle Paul G.
Published: November 2015

Review: key developments in the chemistry and applications of R2PBR′2 over the last 20 years; 86 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Group 2 (Be‐Ba) and Group 12 (Zn‐Hg)
Authors: Dane Sarah B. J. , King Timothy C. , Wright Dominic S.
Published: November 2015

Review: important structural and synthetic studies reported in 2011; 116 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis Using Oxovanadium(IV) Complexes of 4‐Acylpyrazolone Ligand
Authors: Parihar Sanjay , Jadeja R. N.
Published: November 2015

Review: 22 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Tutorial Section on Nanomagnetism
Authors: Binns Chris
Published: November 2015

Review: 32 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Surface Chemistry of Catalytic Reactions: Progress and Challenges
Authors: Zaera Francisco
Published: November 2015

Review: 14 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Model Approach in Heterogeneous Catalysis: Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Surface Reactions
Authors: Schauermann Swetlana , Freund Hans‐Joachim
Published: November 2015

Review: 37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Progress in the Development of Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitors as Anticancer Targets
Authors: Mullen Genevieve E. , Yet Larry
Published: November 2015

Review: [83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitors for the Treatment of (Cardio)pulmonary Diseases: Into Clinical Testing with Pre‐Adaptive Pharmacophores
Authors: von Nussbaum Franz , Li Volkhart M.‐J.
Published: November 2015

Review: 105 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Re‐Exploring Promising α‐Glucosidase Inhibitors for Potential Development into Oral Antidiabetic Drugs: Finding Needle in the Haystack
Authors: Ghani Usman
Published: November 2015

Review: [173 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Physical Factors in Steroid Bioconversion
Authors: Li Xiao‐jing , Ji Yun‐zhe , Wang Xiao‐Jie
Published: November 2015

Review: 15 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanosized Microporous Crystals: Emerging Applications
Authors: Mintova Svetlana , Jaber Maguy , Valtchev Valentin
Published: November 2015

Review: recent developments in the synthesis and unconventional applications of nanosized microporous crystals including framework (zeolites) and layered (clays) type materials; 276 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Automotive Catalysis for NOx Emission Control by Small‐Pore Microporous Materials
Authors: Beale A. M. , Gao F. , Lezcano‐Gonzalez I. , Peden C. H. F. , Szanyi J.
Published: November 2015

Review: 211 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nuclear Power Industry and the Environment
Authors: Myasoedov Boris F. , Kalmykov Stepan N.
Published: November 2015

Review: 113 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Five‐Membered Ring Products of Cyclometalation Reactions as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Omae Iwao
Published: November 2015

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in Theory and Their Application within the Field of Zeolite Chemistry
Authors: Van Speybroeck Veronique , Hemelsoet Karen , Joos Lennart , Waroquier Michel , Bell Robert G. , Catlow C. Richard A.
Published: November 2015

Review: 475 refs.
Enhancing Hematite Photoanode Activity for Water Oxidation by Incorporation of Reduced Graphene Oxide
Authors: do Amaral Carminati Saulo , Souza Flavio L. , Nogueira Ana F.
Published: November 2015

Two effective methods to prepare reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/hematite nanostructured photoanodes and their photoelectrochemical characterization towards water splitting reactions are presented. First, graphene oxide (GO) is reduced to rGO using hydrazine in a basic solution containing tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH), and then deposited over the nanostructured hematite photoanodes previously treated at 750 °C for 30 min. The second method follows the deposition of a paste containing a mixture of hematite nanoparticles and rGO sheets by the doctor‐blade method, varying the rGO concentration. Since hematite suffers from low electron mobility, a low absorption coefficient, high recombination rates and slow reaction kinetics, the incorporation of rGO in the hematite can overcome such limitations due to graphene's exceptional properties. Using the first method, the rGO incorporation results in a photocurrent density increase from 0.56 to 0.82 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE. Our results indicate that the rGO incorporation in the hematite photoanodes shows a positive effect in the reduction of the electron–hole recombination rate.
Christina Merchant and the State of Dispute System Design
Authors: Amsler Lisa Blomgren , Martinez Janet K. , Smith Stephanie E.
Published: November 2015

Christina Merchant made an important contribution to the field of dispute resolution through her teaching, writing, and training on dispute system design. Using principles of organization development, she brought a new organizational lens to thinking about dispute system design (DSD) beyond collective bargaining and grievance procedures; she looked at the whole organization, its many sources of, causes for, and ways to address conflict. With Cathy Costantino, her 1996 book provided a unique and influential resource for a field that has continued to grow. The field would benefit from broadening the academic literature that informs systems for managing conflict. Zooming out to the organization's nested institutional contexts, the work of Elinor Ostrom in political science and political economy provides the tools of institutional analysis for DSD. She also laid the groundwork for thinking about DSD in relation to governance, not only at the local but also at the state, regional, national, and international levels. By applying a more comprehensive analytic framework to DSD, conflict resolvers with DSD skills and expertise are poised to make important differences in emerging global systems for addressing conflict upstream in policy development, midstream in its implementation, and downstream in enforcement.
Electric‐Field Aerosol‐Assisted CVD: Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Tin Oxide Microballs Prepared from a Single Source Precursor
Authors: Naeem Rabia , Ahmed Sohail , Lo Kong Mun , Basirun Wan Jefrey , Yahya Rosiyah , Misran Misni , Peiris T. A. Nirmal , Sagu Jagdeep S. , Wijayantha K. G. Upul , Thapa Arjun K. , Sumanasekera Gamini U. , Mazhar Muhammad
Published: November 2015

Mesoporous nanostructures of tin(IV) oxide microballs are synthesized, using a single source precursor [Sn (OAc)(dmae)]2 (where OAc = Acetato and dmae = dimethylaminoethanolato). The as‐prepared microballs are characterized using X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared and UV‐vis spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and impedance spectroscopy. The focused ion beam (FIB) images of the exterior and interior surfaces of the microballs disclosed the presence of porous structures with mesopore of sizes ranging from 56‐66 nm and 8.0 to 160 nm, respectively. The microballs exhibit high BET and Langmuir surface areas of 136 and 191.6 m2 g−1, respectively, and show capacities >600 mAhg−1 over 60 cycles, as compared with unmodified tin oxide‐based nanomaterials which show capacity < 500 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles.
GaMe‐PLive: a new game theoretic mechanism for P2P live video streaming
Authors: Mahini Hamidreza , Dehghan Mehdi , Navidi Hamidreza , Masoud Rahmani Amir
Published: November 2015

GaMe‐PLive is a game theoretical framework for peer‐to‐peer live video streaming. Prevention of free‐riding and minimization of loss rate in video data transmission are the important objectives of the proposed framework. GaMe‐PLive is also extremely evasive about overhead of extra control messages exchange. At first, a static game with complete information between peers is described, which models the peer's interactive decision process for acceptance/rejection of a video chunk request. All peers repeatedly play this game during video playback periodically. Afterwards, the proposed game is analyzed to obtain a Nash equilibrium, which determines a peer's best strategic response for participation in the video chunk distribution. It will be proved that by applying some simple and feasible conditions, the desired objectives can be reached. The experimental results reveal that the proposed system has been successful in detecting free‐riders with negligible false negative and false positive rate. Also, tolerable loss chunk percentage has been satisfied in all performed tests. Besides, an interesting social norm emerges in GaMe‐PLive: Less participation leads to more missing chunks. GaMe‐PLive will be proven to be quite resistant against cheating peers. The proposed framework displays high performance even if there is not a video server with high upload bandwidth. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular mechanisms of midfacial developmental defects
Authors: Suzuki Akiko , Sangani Dhruvee R. , Ansari Afreen , Iwata Junichi
Published: November 2015

The morphogenesis of midfacial processes requires the coordination of a variety of cellular functions of both mesenchymal and epithelial cells to develop complex structures. Any failure or delay in midfacial development as well as any abnormal fusion of the medial and lateral nasal and maxillary prominences will result in developmental defects in the midface with a varying degree of severity, including cleft, hypoplasia, and midline expansion. Despite the advances in human genome sequencing technology, the causes of nearly 70% of all birth defects, which include midfacial development defects, remain unknown. Recent studies in animal models have highlighted the importance of specific signaling cascades and genetic‐environmental interactions in the development of the midfacial region. This review will summarize the current understanding of the morphogenetic processes and molecular mechanisms underlying midfacial birth defects based on mouse models with midfacial developmental abnormalities. Developmental Dynamics 245:276–293, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design and experimental execution of a microcontroller (μC)‐based smart dual‐axis automatic solar tracking system
Authors: Das Soumya , Chakraborty Suprava , Sadhu Pradip K. , Sastry Oruganti Sankara
Published: November 2015

Detail analysis of microcontroller (μC)‐based smart dual‐axis automatic solar tracking system utilizable for different purpose is presented in this paper. Working of the proposed smart tracking system is based on the automatic rotation of photovoltaic (PV) panel depending on the intensity of sun light. It will help in maintaining the alignment of PV panels with the Sunlight to obtain maximum solar power at any instance. Intensity of sunlight on a particular alignment of solar PV panel varies throughout the day. As the intensity of light on PV panel decreases the proposed smart tracking system has the intelligence to automatically redirect the panel alignment to get maximum intensity of light. Four Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensors are placed on the surface of the PV panel to detect the intensity of light. Two servomotors are employed in the back side of PV panel system to align the panel with maximum luminous intensity. Design and construction of the proposed tracking system is presented to measure the efficiency over the fixed PV panel. Experimental results indicate that the power output of the PV system, using the proposed tracking system is increased up to 19.73% compare to the traditional fixed PV panel. The efficiency of the proposed design is considerably higher and comparable to the existing design which has the average efficiency around 12–15%.