bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Support4Families: A Proposed Intervention Model to Support Families of Individuals Returning Home From Incarceration
Authors: Pettus-Davis Carrie
Published: February 2021

Leaving incarceration and returning home (i.e., reentry) affects individuals and their families; 90% of individuals releasing from prison rely on family for critical reentry supports. Although positive family support during this period is empirically linked to an individual’s success, providing support can place a substantial emotional, social, and fiscal toll on family units. Without intervention, positive family support may deteriorate or become negative. This article presents the theoretical and empirical grounding for creating family-focused reentry interventions which target the family members of individuals leaving incarceration to improve the outcomes of both the re-entering individual and the family unit. This article then proposes a family skills training intervention Support4Families, and describes the evidence-driven intervention components of Support4Families. The intervention was developed using preliminary social support research and feedback from family members of formerly incarcerated individuals. Current testing and future research agenda of family support interventions in reentry are also explored.
Evaluating the Effects of a Trauma Recovery Program for Korean Burn Patients
Authors: Hwang Se Hee , Lim Jung-won
Published: February 2021

Purpose:

The current study aimed to investigate the effects of a trauma recovery program named the “My Special Program for Acute Burn Survivors (SPA)” program in Korean burn patients.

Methods:

This was a randomized pretest-posttest control group study that included patients with an acute burn injury. Participants in the intervention group ( n = 42) completed the “SPA” program, whereas those in the control group ( n = 43) received standard care. Participants completed baseline and follow-up measures that assessed perceived stress, psychological distress, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Results:

The results for perceived stress revealed a statistically significant change regardless of assigned group. For psychological distress, there was an interaction effect of time and condition in terms of the anxiety subscale only. The findings for PTSD revealed a statistically significant decrease in the total PTSD score for the intervention group only.

Conclusion:

The current study suggests that SPA interventions may help alleviate and prevent negative outcomes among burn patients.
Understanding the Patient Experience of “as-Required” Medication in a Hospice In-Patient Unit
Authors: Phippen Alison , Murray Barbara , Pickard Jennie , Ahamed Ashique , Kay Samantha , Waterman David
Published: February 2021

Background:

Timely administration of ‘as-required’ medication is important for managing patients’ symptoms in palliative care. There are no national or local standards around the maximum length of time for the process to administer ‘as-required’ medication and little in the literature to inform practice. Our aim was to understand the patient experience of receiving these medications in the in-patient setting of a hospice.

Methods:

A survey of hospice patients who had been on the ward at least seven days was conducted over a fifteen-week period looking at current practice, the patient experience of requesting medication and how long it took to be administered.

Results:

Thirty-one responses were obtained. Patients made their requests in a variety of ways but 33% did not use their call bell. When looking at their most recent ‘as-required’ medication request, 87% of patients estimated that they received it within ten minutes. When considering their longest wait, 16% of patients reported waiting longer than twenty minutes.

Conclusion:

This survey highlights the importance of there being a variety of ways for patients to request ‘as-required’ medication and staff being proactive with patients to facilitate these requests. Patients perceive nursing staff to be busy and do not want to bother them. Although usually patients get their medication within ten minutes, patients can be waiting more than twenty minutes. There is a need for national standards on time to administer as-required medication within a healthcare setting and a need for more data to inform such a standard.
Dental Subphenotypes in Infants With Orofacial Clefts—A Longitudinal Population-Based Retrospective Radiographic Study of the Primary and Secondary Dentitions
Authors: Yow Mimi , Hermann Nuno V. , Wei Yuan , Karsten Agneta , Kreiborg Sven
Published: February 2021

Objectives:

To determine the developmental patterns of primary and secondary dentitions in infants with orofacial clefts.

Design:

Retrospective, longitudinal, population-based cohort study.

Materials:

Longitudinal records and radiographs of 192 nonsyndromic Northern European infants with isolated unilateral cleft lip (UCL, n = 111) and isolated cleft palate (CP, n = 81).

Methods:

Radiographic assessments of primary and secondary dentition anomalies and dental maturation, by gender and cleft severity for comparisons between the groups and with historical controls.

Results:

In infants with UCL, the frequencies of dental anomalies were high in both primary (38.7%) and secondary (18.0%) dentitions. Primary and secondary dentition anomalies were not observed in infants with CP and different in the UCL group ( P = .003). Risk differences involved primary supernumerary teeth ( P = .0001) and talon cusp formation ( P = .0001), and secondary tooth agenesis ( P = .001) of the maxillary lateral incisor on the side of the cleft lip. Delayed primary and secondary dental maturation occurred in the UCL and CP groups, greater in infants with UCL ( P < .0001). Primary and secondary dental maturation featured sexual dimorphism with greater delay in males (UCL, P < .0001; CP, .0001 > P = .001). The effect of cleft severity on dental maturation was significant in infants with UCL ( P = .0361) and CP ( P = .0175) in the primary but not in the secondary dentition.

Conclusions:

There were different dental anomalies in the primary and secondary dentitions in operated infants with UCL and no dental anomalies in unoperated infants with CP. Dental maturation was delayed in infants with UCL and CP with greater delay in males compared to females.
Reduction Glossectomy for Macroglossia in Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome: Is Post-Op Intubation Necessary?
Authors: Geisler Emily L. , Jeffers Jeremiah , Salhi Saoussen , Perlyn Chad A.
Published: February 2021

Objective:

Macroglossia is a characteristic feature of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), commonly treated with reduction glossectomy to restore form and function. There exists no consensus on the perioperative management of these patients undergoing tongue reduction surgery, including anecdotal information regarding how long postoperative intubation should be maintained. The aim of this study is to evaluate the necessity of prolonged postoperative intubation in patients receiving tongue reduction surgery via the surgical and anesthetic management methods at our center.

Design:

Retrospective case series.

Setting:

Institutional care at Level I Children’s Hospital.

Participants:

All children less than 18 years old with BWS and congenital macroglossia who underwent tongue reduction surgery over 5 consecutive years at our center (N = 24).

Interventions:

Tongue reduction surgery via the “W” technique.

Main Outcome Measures:

Success of immediate postoperative extubation and related surgical complications.

Results:

Immediate, uncomplicated postoperative extubation was successfully performed in all patients who received tongue reduction surgery for congenital macroglossia.

Conclusions:

Prolonged postoperative intubation for tongue reduction surgery may not be necessary as immediate, uncomplicated postoperative extubation was achieved in 100% of patients who received tongue reduction surgery at our center.
Electrochemical deposition induced continuum damage-healing framework for the cementitious composite
Authors: Zhu Hehua , Chen Qing , Ju J Woody , Yan Zhiguo , Jiang Zhengwu
Published: February 2021

The electrochemical deposition method is a promising approach to repair the deteriorated concrete in the aqueous environment. In this paper, a continuum damage-healing framework is presented for the electrochemical deposition method based on the multi-field coupling growth process of the electrochemical deposition products. The ion transportation and the electrode reactions are characterized by employing the Nernst-Planck equation and the current conservation equation. The level set method is adopted to capture the growth of the deposition products. Based on the deposition process, a new empirical healing law is presented, with which a new continuum damage-healing framework is presented for electrochemical deposition method. Numerical examples are conducted by applying the presented framework to the damaged cementitious composite under the tensile loadings. The presented framework is compared with the classic continuum damage-healing theory and the experimental data. The results show that the presented models can describe the electrochemical deposition method induced damage-healing for the cementitious composite. Furthermore, the effects of the healing time, the solution concentration and the external voltage on the damage-healing behaviors are investigated based on our proposed framework.
Return to Sport Following Operative Treatment of Displaced Medial Sesamoid Fractures in NCAA Division I Football Players
Authors: Tan Eric W. , Bolia Ioanna K. , Peterson Alexander B. , Korber Shane , Romano Russ , Weber Alexander E. , Gamradt Seth C. , Thordarson David B.
Published: February 2021

Level of Evidence: Level V.
Secretion of von Willebrand Factor and Suppression of ADAMTS-13 Activity by Markedly High Concentration of Ferritin
Authors: Bashir Dalia A. , Da Qi , Pradhan Subhashree , Sekhar Nitin , Valladolid Christian , Lam Fong , Guffey Danielle , Goldman Jordana , Desai Moreshwar S. , Cruz Miguel A. , Allen Carl , Nguyen Trung C. , Vijayan K. Vinod
Published: February 2021

Hyperferritinemia is associated with poor outcomes in critically ill patients with sepsis, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), macrophage activation syndromes (MAS) and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). Autopsies of hyperferritinemic patients that succumbed to either sepsis, HLH, MAS or COVID-19 have revealed disseminated microvascular thromboses with von Willebrand factor (VWF)-, platelets-, and/or fibrin-rich microthrombi. It is unknown whether high plasma ferritin concentration actively promotes microvascular thrombosis, or merely serves as a prognostic biomarker in these patients. Here, we show that secretion of VWF from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) is significantly enhanced by 100,000 ng/ml of recombinant ferritin heavy chain protein (FHC). Ferritin fraction that was isolated by size exclusion chromatography from the plasma of critically ill HLH patients promoted VWF secretion from HUVEC, compared to similar fraction from non-critically ill control plasma. Furthermore, recombinant FHC moderately suppressed the activity of VWF cleaving metalloprotease ADAMTS-13. These observations suggest that a state of marked hyperferritinemia could promote thrombosis and organ injury by inducing endothelial VWF secretion and reducing the ADAMTS-13 activity.
Recent progress in immunotherapy of breast cancer targeting the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)
Authors: Seyedmirzaei Homa , Keshavarz-Fathi Mahsa , Razi Sepideh , Gity Masoumeh , Rezaei Nima
Published: February 2021

Objective

Breast cancer is responsible for most of the cancer-induced deaths in women around the world. The current review will discuss different approaches of targeting HER2, an epidermal growth factor overexpressed in 30% of breast cancer cases.

Data sources

We conducted a search on Pubmed and Scopus databases to find studies relevant to HER2+ breast cancers and targeting HER2 as means of immunotherapy. Out of 1043 articles, 105 studies were included in this review.

Data summary

As well as the introduction of HER2 and breast cancer subtypes, we discussed various aspects of HER2-targeting immunotherapy including monoclonal antibodies, Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cells and vaccines.

Conclusions

Despite several ways of controlling breast cancer, the need to investigate new drugs and approaches seems to be much significant as this cancer still has a heavy burden on people’s health and survival.
Active and Reactive Value Dimensions: A Dynamic-Based Perspective in the Hotel Sector
Authors: Gallarza Martina G. , Sánchez-Fernández Raquel , Arteaga-Moreno Francisco , Del Chiappa Giacomo
Published: February 2021

Despite the wide acknowledgment of consumer value as a dynamic concept in marketing and tourism literature, few studies have addressed its dynamicity. This article provides an approach to the dynamic nature of value in a hotel experience by proposing a conceptual framework that seeks to explain the influence of value types on customer satisfaction and loyalty as being concatenated rather than simultaneous effects, as more usually described. The concatenation of effects is based on the distinction between active versus reactive values and is tested in a structural model consisting of eight types of value (Efficiency, Service Quality, Status, Esteem, Entertainment, Aesthetics, Ethics, and Escapism). The experiences of 585 hotel guests were analyzed with SEM-PLS (structural equation modeling–partial least squares). Although a direct effect persists between Service Quality and Satisfaction, and Efficiency does not directly affect Loyalty, the chain of Reactive Values–Active Values–Satisfaction–Loyalty is empirically validated shedding light on research in value co-creation processes.
McIsaac score for group A streptococcal infection: Comparison of electronic visits versus face-to-face visits
Authors: Miller Nathaniel E , Jensen Teresa B , Nigon Leah M , Penza Kristine S , Murray Martha A , Kronebusch Beckie J , Pecina Jennifer L
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Acute sore throat is a common complaint traditionally completed with an in-person visit. However, non-face-to-face telemedicine visits offer greater access at reduced cost. We evaluated patient/caregiver asynchronous text-based electronic visits (eVisits) for acute sore throat and whether there was concordance for individual components and total McIsaac score compared to a clinician’s assessment. eVisits were completed by patients and/or their caregivers via a secure patient portal.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we manually reviewed charts between February 2017 and July 2019 of patients who had an eVisit, in-person visit and group A streptococcal (GAS) test performed on the same day for an acute sore throat. We calculated a McIsaac score for eVisits and in-person visits, and compared each component and total score using Cohen’s kappa agreement statistic.

Results

There were 320 instances of patients who had an eVisit, in-person visit and GAS testing done on the same day. Approximately a third of eVisits were missing at least one McIsaac component, with the physical examination elements missing most commonly. Individual score congruence was moderate for cough (0.41), fair for fever (0.34) and slight for tonsillar swelling/exudate and lymphadenopathy (0.17 and 0.08, respectively), with total congruence being slight to fair (0.09–0.37). A McIsaac score of ≤1 showed moderate agreement (0.44). Visits with complete individual score components demonstrated improved congruence: substantial for cough (0.64), moderate for fever (0.57), fair for tonsillar swelling (0.3) and slight for lymphadenopathy (0.13).

Discussion

Overall agreement for individual score components was better for symptoms than it was for examination components, and was improved when data were complete. A McIsaac score of 1 or 0 had moderate agreement and thus could reasonably be safely used to exclude patients from GAS testing.
Symbolic annihilation through design: Pregnancy loss in pregnancy-related mobile apps
Authors: Andalibi Nazanin
Published: February 2021

Pregnancy is a significant life event for many. Using mobile apps to manage pregnancies is common. Pregnancy loss is a common complication associated with stigma that impacts one’s wellbeing, relationships, sense of self, and more. While pregnancy loss is important to many experiencing it, it is unclear to what extent pregnancy-related mobile apps account for it and consider associated users’ needs in their designs. We conducted a feature analysis of 166 pregnancy-related apps. We found that their main features focus on information, tracking, reminders, and social contact, and that 72% of these apps do not account for loss, 18% explicitly account for it, and 10% passively do so. We theorize this lack of consideration as symbolic annihilation through design. We argue that such annihilation is partly shaped by intensified mothering ideologies, further stigmatizes pregnancy loss, and perpetuates a normative, linear portrait of the pregnancy experience which is harmful and marginalizing.
Eating ourselves out of industrial excess? Degrowth, multi-species conviviality and the micro-politics of cultured meat
Authors: Gertenbach Lars , Lamla Jörn , Laser Stefan
Published: February 2021

To address the relationship between the crises of capitalist growth and democratic politics, this paper discusses the notions of degrowth and conviviality. Both concepts are often interpreted as making similar proposals in response to questions of environmental transformation. However, they bear on different strands of critique. While degrowth criticizes the momentum of capitalist accumulation, conviviality originates in the search for alternatives to the instrumental use of technologies in industrial societies. Although these two rationalities predominantly go hand in hand in the development of modern societies, they are sometimes in conflict and different strategies are required to deal with their consequences. Therefore, the differences between degrowth and conviviality should not be obscured. Instead of using the concepts in an ethical or moral fashion as normative claims directed at some diffuse agency of states, companies and the people, the paper argues for a thorough examination of issues and propositions to overcome the environmental crisis from the perspective of materialist science and technology studies. Since one key factor here is the level of global production and consumption of meat, this paper turns toward a controversial attempt to break new ground in meat production: the vision of artificially producing meat in the laboratory. Lab-grown, cultured meat provides a powerful case study for exploring political and democratic challenges of post-growth societies, all the more so as questions of animal welfare and interspecies conviviality are addressed as well. By taking a closer look at the role of animals in proposed solutions for degrowth and conviviality in meat production and consumption, the complementarity of such claims can be questioned, and a light can be shed on the inherent political implications of such technological innovations.
Reading the Masoretic Psalter as a Book: Editorial Trends and Redactional Trajectories
Authors: Prinsloo Gert T.M.
Published: February 2021

The publication of Gerald H. Wilson’s The Editing of the Hebrew Psalter in 1985 marked a distinct shift in approaches to Psalms research. This article reviews this shift from psalm to Psalter exegesis. North American scholarship tends to follow a synchronic approach and to describe the shape of the Psalter. German scholarship tends to use a diachronic perspective and trace the shaping of the Psalter to explain how it attained its final form. There are growing signs of dialogue and convergence between these two main approaches to the editing of the Hebrew Psalter, which overshadow form-critical and liturgical approaches to the editing of the Psalter. Adherents of the shape and the shaping approach tend to propose a specific theme, organizational principle, or redactional intent to explain the Psalter’s final form. The multi-faceted nature of the Psalter and its long and complex history imply that, in spite of a multitude of publications, the last word on editorial trends and redactional trajectories has not been spoken.
Parting Ways or Rival Siblings? A Review and Analysis of Metaphors for the Separation of Jews and Christians in Antiquity
Authors: Gabrielson Timothy A.
Published: February 2021

Since the early 1990s, ‘the parting of the ways’ has become academic shorthand, especially in anglophone scholarship, for the separation of Jews and Christians in antiquity. Often it is associated with a onetime, global break that occurred by the end of the second century, particularly over one or more theological issues. This model has been challenged as being too tidy. Other images have been offered, most notably that of ‘rival siblings’, but the ‘parting’ model remains supreme. Consensus has shifted in other ways, however. The ‘parting’, or better, ‘partings’, is now understood to be a localized, protracted, and multifaceted process that likely began in the second century and continued into or past the fourth century. It is also suggested here that the current debate covers five distinguishable topics: (1) mutual religious recognition, (2) the continued existence of ‘Jewish Christians’, (3) religious interaction, (4) social concourse, and (5) outsider classification.
Diagnostic and Technical Challenges in the Care of a Complex Patient With Post-Thrombotic Syndrome
Authors: Chan Shin Mei , Lee Alfred , Roy Bhaskar , Chaar Cassius Iyad Ochoa
Published: February 2021

Iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis can lead to post-thrombotic syndrome, a costly and morbid condition. Endovascular treatment is increasingly used for symptomatic relief, but clinical success depends on accurate patient evaluation and selection. This case describes the diagnostic and technical challenges in the care of a complex patient with post-thrombotic syndrome following stroke and extensive deep vein thrombosis. It highlights the multi-disciplinary work-up for a patient with post-thrombotic syndrome presenting with confounding symptoms, as well as the importance of considering alternative access for successful lower extremity venous recanalization.
Evaluating RNR-Based Targeted Treatment and Intervention Dosage in the Context of Traumatic Exposure
Authors: Baglivio Michael T. , Zettler Haley , Craig Jessica M. , Wolff Kevin T.
Published: February 2021

Best practices in juvenile justice call for the individualized matching of services to assessed dynamic risk factors, with services delivered at sufficient dosage. However, prior work has largely ignored whether this recipe for recidivism reduction is as effective for adolescents with extensive traumatic exposure as it is for those without. The current study leverages a statewide sample of 1,666 juveniles released from residential placement (84.6% male, 59.8% Black, 11.9% Hispanic). We examine the associations of individual-level service matching and achieving dosage targets established by Lipsey’s Standardized Program Evaluation Protocol (SPEP) during residential placement with changes in dynamic risk during placement and recidivism post-release among juveniles with extensive adverse childhood experiences (ACE) exposure and those without. Results demonstrate heightened traumatic exposure is related to smaller reductions in dynamic risk and to an increased probability of reoffending, but that youth receiving matched services coupled with adequate dosage leads to greater treatment progress (dynamic risk reduction) and lower recidivism post-release for both low-ACE and high-ACE youth. Implications for juvenile justice practice and policy are discussed.
Brain-Computer Interfaces for Communication: Preferences of Individuals With Locked-in Syndrome
Authors: Branco Mariana P. , Pels Elmar G. M. , Sars Ruben H. , Aarnoutse Erik J. , Ramsey Nick F. , Vansteensel Mariska J. , Nijboer Femke
Published: February 2021

Background

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have been proposed as an assistive technology (AT) allowing people with locked-in syndrome (LIS) to use neural signals to communicate. To design a communication BCI (cBCI) that is fully accepted by the users, their opinion should be taken into consideration during the research and development process.

Objective

We assessed the preferences of prospective cBCI users regarding (1) the applications they would like to control with a cBCI, (2) the mental strategies they would prefer to use to control the cBCI, and (3) when during their clinical trajectory they would like to be informed about AT and cBCIs. Furthermore, we investigated if individuals diagnosed with progressive and sudden onset (SO) disorders differ in their opinion.

Methods

We interviewed 28 Dutch individuals with LIS during a 3-hour home visit using multiple-choice, ranking, and open questions. During the interview, participants were informed about BCIs and the possible mental strategies.

Results

Participants rated (in)direct forms of communication, computer use, and environmental control as the most desired cBCI applications. In addition, active cBCI control strategies were preferred over reactive strategies. Furthermore, individuals with progressive and SO disorders preferred to be informed about AT and cBCIs at the moment they would need it.

Conclusions

We show that individuals diagnosed with progressive and SO disorders preferred, in general, the same applications, mental strategies, and time of information. By collecting the opinion of a large sample of individuals with LIS, this study provides valuable information to stakeholders in cBCI and other AT development.
P2Y12 inhibitors in neuroendovascular surgery: An opportunity for precision medicine
Authors: Rosengart Axel , Collins Malie K , Hendrix Philipp , Uber Ryley , Sartori Melissa , Jain Abhi , Mao Jennifer , Goren Oded , Schirmer Clemens M , Griessenauer Christoph J
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), primarily the combination of aspirin with a P2Y12 inhibitor, in patients undergoing intravascular stent or flow diverter placement remains the primary strategy to reduce device-related thromboembolic complications. However, selection, timing, and dosing of DAPT is critical and can be challenging given the existing significant inter- and intraindividual response variations to P2Y12 inhibitors.

Methods

Assessment of indexed, peer-reviewed literature from 2000 to 2020 in interventional cardiology and neuroendovascular therapeutics with critical, peer-reviewed appraisal and extraction of evidence and strategies to utilize DAPT in cardio- and neurovascular patients with endoluminal devices.

Results

Both geno- and phenotyping for DAPT are rapidly and conveniently available as point-of-care testing at a favorable cost-benefit ratio. Furthermore, systematic inclusion of a quantifying clinical risk score combined with an operator-linked, technical risk assessment for potential adverse events allows a more precise and individualized approach to new P2Y12 inhibitor therapy.

Conclusions

The latest evidence, primarily obtained from cardiovascular intervention trials, supports that combining patient pharmacogenetics with drug response monitoring, as part of an individually tailored, precision medicine approach, is both predictive and cost-effective in achieving and maintaining individual target platelet inhibition levels. Indirect evidence supports that this gain in optimizing drug responses translates to reducing main adverse events and overall treatment costs in patients undergoing DAPT after intracranial stent or flow diverting treatment.
505(b) (2) - A smart pathway to differentiate from competitive, low margin environment of generics
Authors: Rathee Pooja , Tripathy Swagat , Khatter Sahil , Patra BP , Murthy PN , Dureja Harish
Published: February 2021

Purpose

505(b) (2) application is one of the advantageous ways of regulatory submission. This submission approach can lead to fast-track approval for wide-ranging products, exclusively for those that exemplify a limited change from formerly approved drug. Safety and efficacy evidence in terms of non-clinical and clinical portion of the Reference Listed Drug (RLD), are trusted upon. Additionally, supplementary data essentially required to establish comparability with the RLD, are presented in the dossier.

Methods

This retrospective analysis is to understand the FDA's expectations and avoid errors in terms of data support approval for a new product submitted under the 505 (b) (2) route. The current script is an analysis on how to architect 505(b) (2) regulatory strategy by developing a different set of documents/information.

Results

The ultimate goal of this review is to allow drug developers to easily navigate through various 505 (b) (2) submissions and defense strategies for registration processes available to the new drug manufacturers and to understand an effective, safer filing route by facilitating early market launch with a prospect of lower cost.

Conclusion

Before considering option 505 (b) (2), general companies should have a good understanding of product’s potential productivity, scalability, patent infringement, expensive clinical studies and/or non-clinical studies to appropriately strategize scientific and commercial opportunities. This leverage will potentially quicken the development program and will definitely lower the clinical and regulatory risk of new product entrants.
Play more, enjoy more, keep playing; rugby is a simple game
Authors: Jones Ben , Hope Ed , Hammond Andrew , Moran Jason , Leeder Thomas , Mills John , Sandercock Gavin
Published: February 2021

Drop out and attrition rates in youth sport are well-documented in the literature. Research has found that children overwhelmingly state that enjoyment, fun, and positive experiences are the primary reasons to participate in sport. Competitive Engineering (CE) is a structurally-based competitive climate process designed to create a more positive experience in youth sport. CE encompasses changes to league structures, equipment, pitch-size, and game rules. For example, rule changes that stipulate greater involvement (e.g., playing time) or action (e.g., increasing scoring opportunities) are designed to improve engagement. Despite this, few studies have examined whether CE-based rule changes influence factors known to influence drop out from sport. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a rule change in youth rugby whereby any player selected as part of a match day squad must play at least half a game or equivalent (i.e., the ‘Half-Game Rule’). To achieve this, we studied the influence of the rule change on player reported outcomes throughout the 2017/2018 playing season. Players who “always or almost always” experienced playing at least half a game more often than other players; reported higher enjoyment, than those who played less regularly ( F = 35.6, P < .001). Importantly, players who reported higher levels of enjoyment also reported greater intentions to continue playing rugby ( F = 6.4, P < .002). Findings support the use of CE to facilitate player enjoyment in team sports and could lead to reduced attrition in youth sport more generally.
Using sport science to improve coaching: A case study of Felisha Johnson’s Road to Rio
Authors: Judge Lawrence W , Cheetham Phillip J , Fox Brian , Schoeff Makenzie A , Wang Henry , Momper Mary , Dickin D Clark
Published: February 2021

During a shot put, there are different finite variables that can be controlled by the thrower, including release angle, release height, release direction, and release velocity. Previous studies have determined thresholds of release velocity necessary for achieving certain distances, and this case study sought to expand upon that concept. Conclusions from key biomechanical data can make a significant difference in the performance of athletes in the shot put if properly understood by coaches. By utilizing this scientific approach to the shot put event, the throws coach will be able to determine more accurate adjustments and devise training stimuli to better accommodate the athlete. In this case study, researchers and the coach attempted to bridge the gap in the approach to teaching and coaching the glide shot put by using a physics-based equation regarding projectile motion in tandem with biomechanical analyses. The use of immediate feedback via video analysis was an essential part the coaching and teaching system. The athlete’s release angles decreased, and her maximum release velocities increased from 12.5 m/s in 2015 to 13.1 m/s in 2016. This USATF coaching education shot put project is an example in which the cooperation between sport science and coaching helped to produce an Olympic berth (19.24 m) by Felisha Johnson in the women’s shot put in 2016.
Return to Sport Composite Test After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (K-STARTS): Factors Affecting Return to Sport Test Score in a Retrospective Analysis of 676 Patients
Authors: Franck Florent , Saithna Adnan , Vieira Thais Dutra , Pioger Charles , Vigne Gregory , Le Guen Meven , Rogowski Isabelle , Fayard Jean-Marie , Thaunat Mathieu , Sonnery-Cottet Bertrand
Published: February 2021

Background:

Return to sport (RTS) to the preinjury level is the main purpose after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction but the factors affecting the RTS are not completely known. Knee Santy Athletic Return to Sport (K-STARTS) is a composite test designed to assess readiness for RTS after ACL reconstruction.

Purpose:

To determine the key factors that influence K-STARTS scores in a large cohort of patients after ACL reconstruction.

Study Design:

Case-control study.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was undertaken. All patients who underwent ACL reconstruction surgery between March 2016 and May 2017 and also had a K-STARTS assessment at 6 months postoperatively were included. To identify factors influencing the K-STARTS score, an analysis of variance was performed. Age, sex, sports level, delay between injury and surgery, concomitant lesions, graft type, additional lateral tenodesis procedure, and participation in the RTS program were analyzed to identify factors influencing the K-STARTS score.

Results:

A total of 676 patients were included in the study. The K-STARTS score was significantly higher in male patients than in female patients (13.9 vs 12.4; P < 0.001), in younger patients (those aged <30 years vs older patients; 14.2 vs 12; P < 0.001), ACL reconstructions performed with hamstring tendon autografts compared with bone–patellar tendon–bone (13.5 vs 13.1; P = 0.03) and in those who completed a specific RTS program in addition to standard rehabilitation, compared with those who did not participate (17.1 vs 13.1; P < 0.001). However, the only factor that significantly influenced the K-STARTS score beyond the minimal detectable change threshold was the completion of the additional RTS program. The preinjury frequency of sports participation, whether the dominant limb was injured, time from injury to surgery, the presence of associated meniscal injuries, and whether a lateral tenodesis was performed did not significantly influence the K-STARTS score.

Conclusion:

Completion of a specific RTS program, in addition to standard rehabilitation, was the most important factor influencing the K-STARTS composite functional and psychological RTS test score at 6 months after ACL reconstruction.

Clinical Relevance:

This study shows that the completion of a specific RTS program affects positively the RTS test score at 6 months after ACL reconstruction.
Optic Flow: Perceiving and Acting in a 3-D World
Authors: Rogers Brian
Published: February 2021

In 1979, James Gibson completed his third and final book “The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception”. That book can be seen as the synthesis of the many radical ideas he proposed over the previous 30 years – the concept of information and its sufficiency, the necessary link between perception and action, the need to see perception in relation to an animal's particular ecological niche and the meanings (affordances) offered by the visual world. One of the fundamental concepts that lies beyond all of Gibson's thinking is that of optic flow: the constantly changing patterns of light that reach our eyes and the information it provides. My purpose in writing this paper has been to evaluate the legacy of Gibson's conceptual ideas and to consider how his ideas have influenced and changed the way we study perception.
Geographies of PrEP, TasP and undetectability: Reconceptualising HIV assemblages to explore what else matters in the lives of gay and bisexual men
Authors: Brown Gavin , Di Feliciantonio Cesare
Published: February 2021

Recent biomedical innovations in the field of HIV prevention and treatment – namely PrEP, TasP, and ‘undetectability’ – have completely reshaped the experience of living with HIV, as well as the meanings of ‘risk’ and ‘safety’ in relation to sexual practices, leading to new forms of pleasure and sociality for gay and bisexual men in the Minority World. While human geographers have been slow to engage with the changing social dimensions brought by these innovations, scholars across the whole spectrum of the social sciences have been far more creative and responsive contributing to a critical understanding of what these processes entail in terms of subject formation as well as social and communal relations. This article proposes a distinctly geographical contribution to analysing and interpreting these biomedical technologies, exploring the ways that new spatialities and spatial relations emerge from their use and circulation. Our approach is based on provisional assemblage thinking as it offers the possibility to think the complex connections between biomedical innovations in the field of HIV, sexual practices, subjectivity, pleasure, spaces, and technologies, going beyond the subdisciplinary preoccupations and methodological reflexes of geographers focused primarily on either health or sexuality.
The Third Man: DNA sensing as espionage in pulmonary vascular health and disease
Authors: Bryant Andrew J. , Pham Ann , Gogoi Himanshu , Mitchell Carly R. , Pais Faye , Jin Lei
Published: February 2021

For as long as nucleic acids have been utilized to vertically and horizontally transfer genetic material, living organisms have had to develop methods of recognizing cytosolic DNA as either pathogenic (microbial invasion) or physiologic (mitosis and cellular proliferation). Derangement in key signaling molecules involved in these pathways of DNA sensing result in a family of diseases labeled interferonopathies. An interferonopathy, characterized by constitutive expression of type I interferons, ultimately manifests as severe autoimmune disease at a young age. Afflicted patients present with a constellation of immune‐mediated conditions, including primary lung manifestations such as pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension. The latter condition is especially interesting in light of the known role that DNA damage plays in a variety of types of inherited and induced pulmonary hypertension, with free DNA detection elevated in the circulation of affected individuals. While little is known regarding the role of cytosolic DNA sensing in development of pulmonary vascular disease, exciting new research in the related fields of immunology and oncology potentially sheds light on future areas of fruitful exploration. As such, the goal of this review is to summarize the state of the field of nucleic acid sensing, extrapolating common shared pathways that parallel our knowledge of pulmonary hypertension, in a molecular and cell‐specific manner. Principles of DNA sensing related to known pulmonary injury inducing stimuli are also evaluated, in addition to potential therapeutic targets. Finally, future directions in pulmonary hypertension research and treatments will be briefly discussed.
Explicating self-phones: Dimensions and correlates of smartphone self-extension
Authors: Ross Morgan Quinn , Bayer Joseph B.
Published: February 2021

Given its role as a constant companion, the mobile phone has long been thought of as an extension of the self. However, the psychology of smartphone self-extension has received relatively little attention through empirical research. By explicating theorized facets of self-extension, we explore the dimensionality of smartphone self-extension and examine how established psychological orientations map onto these dimensions. Results provide support for a two-dimensional structure of self-extension. Specifically, we found that self-extension can be delineated on the extent to which the smartphone is viewed as (a) functional for personal goals and (b) integral to personal identity. Across two studies, habitual usage predicted the functionality dimension and problematic usage predicted the identity dimension. In addition, Study 2 revealed that the two dimensions of self-extension corresponded to different dimensions of smartphone vigilance. We discuss the importance of conceptualizing smartphone self-extension as a perceptual construct, as well as the challenges of measuring the psychological connection that exists – or is thought to exist – between self and phone.
Green consumption in Vietnam: Effects of eco-certification, brand, and moderate incongruity of their origins on purchase intent
Authors: Dekhili Sihem , Nguyen Thuy-Phuong
Published: February 2021

In the mainstream of green consumption literature, it is asserted that information on eco-certification, brand, and country-of-origin has certain effects on consumer behavior. This study explores how eco-certification origin and brand origin would interact and influence the consumers’ purchase intent for green products. To achieve this objective, the authors conducted a 2 (eco-certification: domestic vs foreign) × 2 (brand: domestic vs foreign) between-subject experiment with 640 Vietnamese respondents. The results indicate that Vietnamese consumers are more inclined to purchase green products with domestic brands, while eco-certification origin has no main effect on such behavior. Moreover, a moderate incongruity effect between eco-certification origin and brand origin is partially confirmed. These effects are moderated by the product involvement, brand familiarity, product familiarity, and individuals’ demographic characteristics. The authors consequently draw theoretical and managerial implications from the results obtained.
The use of eHealth interventions among persons experiencing homelessness: A systematic review
Authors: Polillo Alexia , Gran-Ruaz Sophia , Sylvestre John , Kerman Nick
Published: February 2021

Objective

eHealth interventions are being developed to meet the needs of diverse populations. Despite these advancements, little is known about how these interventions are used to improve the health of persons experiencing homelessness. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the feasibility, effectiveness, and experience of eHealth interventions for the homeless population.

Methods

Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was conducted along with forward and backward citation searching to identify relevant articles.

Results

Eight articles met eligibility criteria. All articles were pilot or feasibility studies that used modalities, including short message service, mobile apps, computers, email, and websites, to deliver the interventions. The accessibility, flexibility, and convenience of the interventions were valued by participants. However, phone retention, limited adaptability, a high level of human involvement, and preference for in-person communication may pose future implementation challenges.

Conclusions

eHealth interventions are promising digital tools that have the potential to improve access to care and service delivery. eHealth interventions are feasible and usable for persons experiencing homelessness. These interventions may have health benefits by augmenting existing services and if implementation challenges are addressed. Further evaluation of the effectiveness of eHealth interventions is needed before widespread implementation. Those with lived experience should also be engaged in developing and evaluating these interventions.
Government-nonprofit funding relationships in human services: Differences in cost-reimbursement and fixed-cost agreements
Authors: Piatak Jaclyn S , Pettijohn Sarah L
Published: February 2021

Funding agreements are the legal foundation for government-nonprofit funding relations and specify the terms and expectations for both parties. Yet little attention focuses on the funding agreements themselves, which vary in structure, form, compensation arrangements, and amount of risk each party bears in the funding relationship. Using data on human service nonprofits in the U.S., we examine whether the type of funding agreement—cost-reimbursement versus fixed-cost—influence the reliability of government funding during the Great Recession and the level of engagement by nonprofit providers. We find those who bear the burden of the risk at the outset have less reliable funding during recessionary times and nonprofit providers with a flat amount agreement are less engaged with government funders. Findings have implications for public and nonprofit managers to carefully consider risks and relationships to implement effective funding agreements.
Chest computed tomographic findings of patients with COVID-19-related pneumonia
Authors: Tiryaki Şaban , Dabeşlim Hakan , Aksu Yusuf
Published: February 2021

Background

In December 2019, pneumonia cases of unknown cause were announced in Wuhan, China. The causative agent of pneumonia was identified as coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the disease was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Purpose

To evaluate the usefulness of computed thoracic tomography (CT) and postero anterior (PA) thoracic radiography in patients with COVID-19.

Material and Methods

Between March and June 2020, the patients who arrived at our hospital with suspicion of COVID-19 were retrospectively analyzed. Thorax CT findings of the 281 patients (142 females and 139 males; age range 3–91 years) with positive PCR tests were evaluated. Lesions in the lung parenchyma were examined according to their number, localization, and distribution. PA chest radiograms were classified into two groups, positive and negative for the lung parenchymal lesions.

Results

Of the total 281 patients with PCR-positive COVID-19, CT examinations were normal in 107 (38.1%), and positive CT findings for pneumonia were found in 174 patients (61.9%). Bilateral involvement was observed in 100 (57.5%) of the 174 patients with positive CT findings, and unilateral involvement was observed in 74 (42.5%) of them. According to the localization of the lesions, peripheral subpleural distribution occurred in 160 of the 174 patients (91.9). The most common lesion was the ground glass opacities (GGO). In 77 of 281 PCR-positive patients (27.4), pulmonary lesions were found on PA chest radiograms.

Conclusion

The presence of bilateral posterior subpleural GGO, nodule, and consolidation in thoracic CT are significant in terms of COVID-19 pneumonia.
School Counselors’ Knowledge, Actions, and Recommendations for Addressing Social Determinants of Health With Students, Families, and in Communities
Authors: Johnson Kaprea F. , Brookover Dana L.
Published: February 2021

Social determinants of health (SDOH) are living conditions that influence mental and physical health. The American School Counselor Association provides school counselors with guidance for addressing SDOH, and this study sought to explore school counselors’ experiences in doing so. Using qualitative methodology, specifically, consensual qualitative research, with 11 school counselors, we identified six domains that describe school counselors’ experiences and perceptions of addressing SDOH with students and families. Ecological Social Justice School Counseling theory informed the discussion and implications for school counselors and school counselor educators.