bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive significance of circulating tumor DNA against patients with T790M-positive EGFR-mutant NSCLC receiving osimertinib
Authors: Yamaguchi Ou , Kasahara Norimitsu , Soda Hiroshi , Imai Hisao , Naruse Ichiro , Yamaguchi Hiroyuki , Itai Miki , Taguchi Kohei , Uchida Megumi , Sunaga Noriaki , Maeno Toshitaka , Minato Koichi , Tomono Hiromi , Ogawara Daiki , Mukae Hiroshi , Miura Yu , Shiono Ayako , Mouri Atsuto , Kagamu Hiroshi , Kaira Kyoichi
Published: November 2023

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) provides molecular information on tumor heterogeneity. The prognostic usefulness of ctDNA after first-line epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are limited. Therefore, the present study evaluated ctDNA during osimertinib administration as a second-line or more setting to identify the relationship between EGFR mutation levels and outcomes in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Forty patients with EGFR T790M-positive NSCLC receiving osimertinib after prior EGFR-TKI treatment were registered. Plasma samples were collected at osimertinib pretreatment, after 1 month of treatment, and at the time of progressive disease (PD). ctDNA analysis was performed by digital polymerase chain reaction. The detection rate of copy numbers of exon 19 deletion, L858R, and T790M in plasma samples was significantly lower 1 month after osimertinib than at pretreatment, and significantly higher at PD than at 1 month, whereas that of C797S was significantly higher at PD than at 1 month. No statistically significant difference was observed in the copy numbers of exon 19 deletion, L858R, T790M, and C797S between complete response or partial response and stable disease or PD. The detection of T790M at PD after osimertinib initiation was a significant independent prognostic factor for predicting shorter prognosis, and the presence of major EGFR mutations at pretreatment and PD was closely linked to worse survival after osimertinib initiation. Molecular testing based on ctDNA is helpful for predicting outcomes of osimertinib treatment in T790M-positive NSCLC after previous EGFR-TKI treatment.
Truncated Weibull–exponential distribution: methods and applications
Authors: Abbas Salman , Farooq Muhammad , Darwish Jumanah Ahmed , Shahbaz Saman Hanif , Shahbaz Muhammad Qaiser
Published: November 2023

This paper introduces a truncated Weibull-exponential distribution and provides a thorough insight into its mathematical characteristics. These characteristics include moments, generating functions, inverse distribution function, and entropy. Various measures are also discussed about the distribution's reliability. A simulation study is carried out to assess the stability and consistency of the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters. Finally, two social sciences data sets are used to assess the distribution's relevance in modeling real-world situations.
Effects of preoperative anxiety level on pain level and joint functions after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Varış Onur , Peker Gökhan
Published: November 2023

This study examined the effect of preoperative anxiety level on postoperative pain, opioid and nonopioid analgesic use requirements and joint function in patients undergoing primary knee arthroplasty for knee osteoarthritis. 106 patients were included in the study. Situational anxiety score (STAI-S) and trait anxiety score (STAI-T) were divided into two groups as below and above 40. Visual analog scale (VAS), Lysholm scores, and anxiety levels were assessed preoperatively, at the third and sixth month postoperatively to investigate their effects on the use of opioid and non-opioid drugs during the postoperative period. For those with low situational and trait anxiety scores, the median duration of hospital stays was significantly shorter compared to those with high anxiety scores. In groups where anxiety levels were initially low, the median anxiety levels at the postoperative 3rd month were also observed to be lower compared to the other group. In the same groups, the median VAS values and the median Lysholm knee scores were significantly better both preoperatively and at the postoperative 3rd month compared to the other group. There was no significant difference in Lysholm score between the two groups at the 6th postoperative month. Similarly, in the preoperative period, groups with low anxiety levels had a significantly lower median usage of both opioids and non-opioids compared to the other group. These findings suggest that high preoperative anxiety may have a negative effect on functional outcomes in the early postoperative period, but this effect disappeared at 6 months. It can be concluded that reducing preoperative anxiety may have a positive effect on early outcomes. We believe that preoperative psychological evaluation and treatment can increase the satisfaction level in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
Preparation and characterization of Allium cepa extract coated biochar and adsorption performance for hexavalent chromium
Authors: Amaku James Friday , Taziwa Raymond
Published: November 2023

The elimination of hazardous metal ions from contaminated water has been an important procedure to improve the quality of the water source. Hence, this study presents the fabrication of Allium cepa extract-coated biochar for the elimination of Cr (VI) from wastewater. The synthesized biochar (SBCH) and modified biochar (BMOJ) were characterized by making use of FTIR, BET, XRD, TGA and SEM. Optimum Cr (VI) removal was achieved at solution pH 2, 0.05 g adsorbent dosage and 180 min agitation period. The adsorptive removal of Cr (VI) onto SBCH and BMOJ followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with a satisfactory sum of square residuals (SSR) of 3.874 and 5.245 for SBCH and BMOJ, respectively. Meanwhile, Freundlich isotherm was found to best describe the uptake of Cr (VI) SBCH and BMOJ. Experimental data showed an adsorption capacity of 37.38 and 25.77 mg g−1 and a maximum efficiency of 85.42% and 51.63% for BMOJ and SBCH, respectively. BMOJ also showed good antioxidant characteristics. Thermodynamic data revealed that the uptake of Cr (VI) onto the SBCH and BMOJ was an exothermic and endothermic (ΔH: SBCH =  − 16.22 kJ mol−1 and BMOJ = 13.74 kJ mol−1), entropy-driven (ΔS: SBCH = 40.96 J K−1 mol−1 and BMOJ = 93.26 J K−1 mol−1) and spontaneous process. Furthermore, BMOJ demonstrated excellent reusability and promising characteristics for industrial applications.
Study of noise and structural characteristics of twin-screw air compressor based on multi-physical field coupling
Authors: He Yayin , Xiao Congcong , Zhang Wei , Wang Kai
Published: November 2023

For the problems of high noise and low efficiency of twin-screw air compressor, the mutual coupling effect of noise and structure for the twin-screw air compressor is studied by using acoustic-solid coupling technology. The simulation model of acoustic-structural coupling of twin-screw air compressor is established. Combining acoustic wave theory calculation with structural characteristics, the sound pressure level distribution and structural deformation law of different tangent planes of the shell at different frequencies under external excitation are studied. The results show that when the frequency is different, the more intensive the acceleration distribution on the shell surface is, the greater the sound pressure level is. At the same frequency, as the incident pressure wave increases, the deformation on the shell also increases, and the maximum shell deformation and the maximum sound pressure level both appear around 2000 Hz. As the frequency increases, the acceleration distribution on the surface of the shell becomes more denser and the sound pressure level becomes larger.
The past, current, and future of neonatal intensive care units with artificial intelligence: a systematic review
Authors: Keles Elif , Bagci Ulas
Published: November 2023

Machine learning and deep learning are two subsets of artificial intelligence that involve teaching computers to learn and make decisions from any sort of data. Most recent developments in artificial intelligence are coming from deep learning, which has proven revolutionary in almost all fields, from computer vision to health sciences. The effects of deep learning in medicine have changed the conventional ways of clinical application significantly. Although some sub-fields of medicine, such as pediatrics, have been relatively slow in receiving the critical benefits of deep learning, related research in pediatrics has started to accumulate to a significant level, too. Hence, in this paper, we review recently developed machine learning and deep learning-based solutions for neonatology applications. We systematically evaluate the roles of both classical machine learning and deep learning in neonatology applications, define the methodologies, including algorithmic developments, and describe the remaining challenges in the assessment of neonatal diseases by using PRISMA 2020 guidelines. To date, the primary areas of focus in neonatology regarding AI applications have included survival analysis, neuroimaging, analysis of vital parameters and biosignals, and retinopathy of prematurity diagnosis. We have categorically summarized 106 research articles from 1996 to 2022 and discussed their pros and cons, respectively. In this systematic review, we aimed to further enhance the comprehensiveness of the study. We also discuss possible directions for new AI models and the future of neonatology with the rising power of AI, suggesting roadmaps for the integration of AI into neonatal intensive care units.
Novel sound exposure drives dynamic changes in auditory lateralization that are associated with perceptual learning in zebra finches
Authors: Furest Cataldo Basilio , Yang Lillian , Cabezas Bryan , Ovetsky Jonathan , Vicario David S.
Published: November 2023

Songbirds provide a model for adult plasticity in the auditory cortex as a function of recent experience due to parallels with human auditory processing. As for speech processing in humans, activity in songbirds’ higher auditory cortex (caudomedial nidopallium, NCM) is lateralized for complex vocalization sounds. However, in Zebra finches exposed to a novel heterospecific (canary) acoustic environment for 4–9 days, the typical pattern of right-lateralization is reversed. We now report that, in birds passively exposed to a novel heterospecific environment for extended periods (up to 21 days), the right-lateralized pattern of epidural auditory potentials first reverses transiently then returns to the typical pattern. Using acute, bilateral multi-unit electrophysiology, we confirm that this dynamic pattern occurs in NCM. Furthermore, extended exposure enhances discrimination for heterospecific stimuli. We conclude that lateralization is functionally labile and, when engaged by novel sensory experience, contributes to discrimination of novel stimuli that may be ethologically relevant. Future studies seek to determine whether, (1) the dynamicity of lateralized processes engaged by novel sensory experiences recurs with every novel challenge in the same organism; (2) the dynamic pattern extends to other cortical, thalamic or midbrain structures; and (3) the phenomenon generalizes across sensory modalities.
Possible strain-induced enhancement of the superconducting onset transition temperature in infinite-layer nickelates
Authors: Ren Xiaolin , Li Jiarui , Chen Wei-Chih , Gao Qiang , Sanchez Joshua J. , Hales Jordyn , Luo Hailan , Rodolakis Fanny , McChesney Jessica L. , Xiang Tao , Hu Jiangping , Comin Riccardo , Wang Yao , Zhou Xingjiang , Zhu Zhihai
Published: November 2023

The mechanism of unconventional superconductivity in correlated materials remains a great challenge in condensed matter physics. The recent discovery of superconductivity in infinite-layer nickelates, as an analog to high-Tc cuprates, has opened a new route to tackle this challenge. By growing 8 nm Pr0.8Sr0.2NiO2 films on the (LaAlO3)0.3(Sr2AlTaO6)0.7 substrate, we successfully raise the superconducting onset transition temperature Tc in the widely studied SrTiO3-substrated nickelates from 9 K into 15 K, which indicates compressive strain is an efficient protocol to further enhance superconductivity in infinite-layer nickelates. Additionally, the x-ray absorption spectroscopy, combined with the first-principles and many-body simulations, suggest a crucial role of the hybridization between Ni and O orbitals in the unconventional pairing. These results also suggest the increase of Tc be driven by the change of charge-transfer nature that would narrow the origin of general unconventional superconductivity in correlated materials to the covalence of transition metals and ligands.
TANGO: a placebo-controlled randomized phase 2 study of efficacy and safety of the anti-tau monoclonal antibody gosuranemab in early Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Shulman Melanie , Kong Jessica , O’Gorman John , Ratti Elena , Rajagovindan Rajasimhan , Viollet Louis , Huang Ellen , Sharma Sanjiv , Racine Annie M. , Czerkowicz Julie , Graham Danielle , Li Yumeng , Hering Heike , Haeberlein Samantha Budd
Published: November 2023

In Alzheimer’s disease, the spread of aberrantly phosphorylated tau is an important criterion in the Braak staging of disease severity and correlates with disease symptomatology. Here, we report the results of TANGO (NCT03352557), a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group and multiple-dose long-term trial of gosuranemab—a monoclonal antibody to N-terminal tau—in patients with early Alzheimer’s disease. The primary objective was to assess the safety and tolerability of gosuranemab compared to placebo. The secondary objectives were to assess the efficacy of multiple doses of gosuranemab in slowing cognitive and functional impairment (using the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) scores at week 78) and evaluate the immunogenicity of gosuranemab (using the incidence of anti-gosuranemab antibody responses). Participants were randomized (n = 654); received (n = 650) low-dose (125 mg once every 4 weeks (q4w), n = 58; 375 mg q12w, n = 58), intermediate-dose (600 mg q4w, n = 106) or high-dose (2,000 mg q4w, n = 214) gosuranemab or placebo (q4w, n = 214) intravenously for 78 weeks; and assigned to cerebrospinal fluid (n = 327) and/or tau positron emission tomography (n = 357) biomarker substudies. Gosuranemab had an acceptable safety profile and was generally well tolerated (incidence of serious adverse events: placebo, 12.1%; low dose, 10.3%; intermediate dose, 12.3%; high dose, 11.7%). The incidence of treatment-emergent gosuranemab antibody responses was low at all time points. No significant effects were identified in cognitive and functional tests as no dose resulted in a favorable change from the baseline CDR-SB score at week 78 compared to placebo control (adjusted mean change: placebo, 1.85; low dose, 2.20; intermediate dose, 2.24; high dose, 1.85). At week 76, all doses caused significant (P < 0.0001) reductions in the cerebrospinal fluid levels of unbound N-terminal tau compared to placebo.
Rhinovirus dynamics across different social structures
Authors: Luka Martha M. , Otieno James R. , Kamau Everlyn , Morobe John Mwita , Murunga Nickson , Adema Irene , Nyiro Joyce Uchi , Macharia Peter M. , Bigogo Godfrey , Otieno Nancy A. , Nyawanda Bryan O. , Rabaa Maia A. , Emukule Gideon O. , Onyango Clayton , Munywoki Patrick K. , Agoti Charles N. , Nokes D. James
Published: November 2023

Rhinoviruses (RV), common human respiratory viruses, exhibit significant antigenic diversity, yet their dynamics across distinct social structures remain poorly understood. Our study delves into RV dynamics within Kenya by analysing VP4/2 sequences across four different social structures: households, a public primary school, outpatient clinics in the Kilifi Health and Demographics Surveillance System (HDSS), and countrywide hospital admissions and outpatients. The study revealed the greatest diversity of RV infections at the countrywide level (114 types), followed by the Kilifi HDSS (78 types), the school (47 types), and households (40 types), cumulatively representing >90% of all known RV types. Notably, RV diversity correlated directly with the size of the population under observation, and several RV type variants occasionally fuelled RV infection waves. Our findings highlight the critical role of social structures in shaping RV dynamics, information that can be leveraged to enhance public health strategies. Future research should incorporate whole-genome analysis to understand fine-scale evolution across various social structures.
Carbon photochemistry: towards a solar reverse boudouard refinery
Authors: Viasus Pérez Camilo J. , Restrepo-Florez Juan Manuel , Ye Jessica , Nguyen Nhat Truong , Tountas Athanasios A. , Song Rui , Mao Chengliang , Wang Andrew , Gouda Abdelaziz , Corapi Samantha , Ji Shufang , MacLeod Hamish , Wu Jiaze , Aspuru-Guzik Alán , Maravelias Christos T. , Ozin Geoffrey A.
Published: November 2023

Carbon and carbon dioxide can be concurrently converted using light to carbon monoxide via the reverse-Boudouard reaction.
Laser-induced immobilization of an amorphous iron-phosphate/Fe3O4 composite on nickel foam for efficient water oxidation
Authors: Zou Yan , Jin Man , Zhu Dongdong , Tang Yu-Jia
Published: November 2023

An L-FePO composite was rapidly laser-immobilized on Ni foam as an efficient electrocatalyst for the OER.
Quantitative separation of polystyrene nanoparticles in environmental matrices with picogram detection limits using capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Caprise Michael A. , Quevedo Ana C. , Riley Kathryn R.
Published: November 2023

Picogram quantities of polystyrene nanoparticles of varying size and surface functionality are separated in environmental matrices using capillary electrophoresis.
Nickel-catalyzed regioselective hydrogen isotope exchange accelerated by 2-pyridones
Authors: Jiang Zhi-Jiang , Xu Si-Han , Su Yuhang , Hu Erxun , Han Jiawei , Bai Jian-Fei , Tang Bencan , Chen Jia , Gao Zhanghua
Published: November 2023

An acceleration of nickel-catalyzed regioselective deuteration was observed with the participation of 2-pyridones, involving acetone-d6 as the deuterium source.
Er- and Yb-doped YGa3(BO3)4and GdGa3(BO3)4laser materials: high-temperature crystallization and related properties
Authors: Maltsev Victor V. , Volkova Elena A. , Koporulina Elizaveta V. , Mitina Diana D. , Kosorukov Vladimir L. , Jiliaeva Anna I. , Naprasnikov Daniil A. , Gorbachenya Konstantin N. , Kisel Viktor E.
Published: November 2023

Phase relationships in the ErxYbyY1−x−yGa3(BO3)4–Bi2O3–B2O3–(Y,Er,Yb)2O3–Ga2O3and ErxYbyGd1–x−yGa3(BO3)4–Bi2O3–B2O3–(Gd,Er,Yb)2O3–Ga2O3(x= 0.02,y= 0.11 at%) systems were studied in the temperature range from 1000 to 900 °C.
DFT investigations of phenyldithiafulvene dimers at different oxidation states
Authors: Britt Liam H. , Eradeh Ramin , Leung Chris , Zhao Yuming
Published: November 2023

The properties and reactivities of various dimers of phenyldithiafulvene in the mixed-valence radical cation and dication states have been systematically examined by density functional theory (DFT) analysis.
Approaching the free rotor limit: extremely low methyl torsional barrier observed in the microwave spectrum of 2,4-dimethylfluorobenzene
Authors: Khemissi Safa , Schwell Martin , Kleiner Isabelle , Nguyen Ha Vinh Lam
Published: November 2023

Analysis of the 2,4-dimethylfluorobenzene microwave spectrum revealed the lowest potential barrier hindering a methyl internal rotor ever observed for dimethylsubstituted toluene derivatives to date.
Improved ion adsorption capacities and diffusion dynamics in surface anchored MoS2⊥Mo4/3B2 and MoS2⊥Mo4/3B2O2 heterostructures as anodes for alkaline metal-ion batteries
Authors: Song Zifeng , Liu Haoliang , Chen Baiyi , Jiang Qin , Sui Fengxiang , Wu Kai , Cheng Yonghong , Xiao Bing
Published: November 2023

Using the r2SCAN-rVV10 functional, the atomic structures and electrochemical properties of novel MoS2⊥boridene heterostructures in rechargeable alkaline metal-ion batteries (Li+, Na+ and K+) are evaluated.
Large-scale synthesis, mechanism, and application of a luminescent copper hydride nanocluster
Authors: Xu Tingting , Wang Endong , Liu Shuai , Wei Zhezhen , Yin Peiqun , Sun Jianan , Xu Wen Wu , Song Yongbo
Published: November 2023

Photoluminescence mechanism and selective sensing of Ag+ by Cu4H nanoclusters synthesized at a large scale.
New asymmetric tetradentate phenanthroline chelators with pyrazole and amide groups for complexation and solvent extraction of Ln(iii)/Am(iii)
Authors: Wang Haolong , Gao Pengyuan , Cui Tengfei , Wang Dongqi , Liu Jinping , He Hui , Chen Zongyuan , Jin Qiang , Guo Zhijun
Published: November 2023

Tuning the extraction performance of phenanthroline-derived ligands for Am3+ by combining different functional groups.
Improved solubility of titanium-doped polyoxovanadate charge carriers for symmetric non-aqueous redox flow batteries
Authors: Dagar Mamta , Dissanyake D. M. M. Mevan , Kesler Daniel N. , Corr Molly , McPherson Joshua D. , Brennessel William W. , McKone James R. , Matson Ellen M.
Published: November 2023

Non-aqueous redox flow batteries constitute a promising solution for grid-scale energy storage due to the ability to achieve larger cell voltages than can be readily accessed in water.
The nanosafety assessment of ENMs under a dermal exposure scenario: from key molecular events toin silicomodeling tools
Authors: Xie Wenjing , Xiong Ziyi , Wang Huimin , Liu Xiaoyi , Cui Hongyan , Huang Qiongyi , Tang Ying
Published: November 2023

This review provides insights into key molecular events underlying ENMs toxicity under the dermal exposure scenario and the application of computational modeling tools in predicting the fate and toxicity of ENMs in nano-skin interactions.
Tuna-step: tunable parallelized step emulsification for the generation of droplets with dynamic volume control to 3D print functionally graded porous materials
Authors: Nalin Francesco , Tirelli Maria Celeste , Garstecki Piotr , Postek Witold , Costantini Marco
Published: November 2023

We present tuna-step, a novel microfluidic module based on step emulsification that allows for reliable generation of droplets of different sizes.
Approaching the minimum lattice thermal conductivity in TiCoSb half-Heusler alloys by intensified point-defect phonon scattering
Authors: Verma Ajay Kumar , Jain Shamma , Johari Kishor Kumar , Candolfi Christophe , Lenoir Bertrand , Walia Sumeet , Dhakate S. R. , Gahtori Bhasker
Published: November 2023

Enhanced point defect phonons scattering through huge isovalent substitution substantially reduces the lattice thermal conductivity of half-Heusler alloys.
Mangifera indica stone-assisted layered double hydroxide biocomposites: efficient contenders for reactive dye adsorption from aqueous sources
Authors: Saeed Marrium , Kamran Urooj , Khan Amina , Siddiqui Md Irfanul Haque , Jamal Hasan , Bhatti Haq Nawaz
Published: November 2023

Layered double hydroxide composites were synthesized from Mangifera indica stones for enhanced reactive green 5 dye removal from wastewater.
The thermal response of lead sensitized terbium emission in group II sulfide nanoparticles: importance of spatial proximity and band gap engineering
Authors: Bhar Madhumita , Bhunia Nayan , Mukherjee Prasun
Published: November 2023

Lead sensitized terbium emission in zinc sulfide nanoparticles is thermally irreversible, in which the spatial proximity of lead–terbium is important.
Enhanced room-temperature NO2 response of noble metal decorated α-Fe2O3/SnO2–rGO hybrids
Authors: Zhang Yaqing , Zhao Liang , Yang Zhimin , Xing Yunpeng , Xin Congcong , Wei Zefeng , Fei Teng , Liu Sen , Zhang Tong
Published: November 2023

Noble metal decorated α-Fe2O3/SnO2–rGO hybrids were synthesized. The obtained Pt modified α-Fe2O3/SnO2–rGO hybrids show the highest response value of 21.3 toward 1 ppm NO2 at room temperature, which is competitive among the NO2 sensors.
Non-covalent attachment of BODIPY-caged amines to graphene and their localized photocleavage
Authors: See Erich , Korhonen Elsa , Nissinen Maija , Pettersson Mika
Published: November 2023

A BODIY-capped PPG amine for non-covalent conjugation with a graphene surface, paving the way towards another space-selective functionalization technique.
Fabrication of multifunctional 3D-flower-shaped NaTb(MoO4)2:Dy3+@Phen and NaTb(WO4)2:Dy3+@Phen nanoparticle materials for efficacious luminescence sensing of Fe2+ ions and photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B in an aqueous medium
Authors: Devi Swaita , Sen Charanjeet , Singhaal Richa , Sheikh Haq Nawaz
Published: November 2023

We designed NaTb(MoO4)2:Dy3+@Phen and NaTb(WO4)2:Dy3+@Phen as nanosensors, nanocatalysts for detection of Fe2+ ions, photodegradation of RhB in aqueous media, showing great potential in water quality monitoring.
Self-assembled molecules as selective contacts for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Li Wenhui , Martínez-Ferrero Eugenia , Palomares Emilio
Published: November 2023

In this review, we summarize the recent advances about self-assembled molecules (SAMs) applied as selective hole or electron contacts for perovskite solar cells.
Gold catalyzed spirocyclization of 1-ene-4,9- and 3-ene-1,7-diyne esters to azaspiro[4.4]nonenones and azaspiro[4.5]decadienones
Authors: Liu Zhen , Mathiew Mitch , Chen Jichao , Yu Xiangdong , Shang Dandan , Tan Javey Khiapeng , Chan Philip Wai Hong , Rao Weidong
Published: November 2023

A method to prepare a structurally diverse range of spirocyclic cyclopentanes, furans, pyrrolidines and piperidines, which relies on the gold(i)-catalyzed spirocyclization of 1-ene-4,9- and 3-ene-1,7-diyne esters, has been developed.
A modified selective optical sensor for selenium determination based on incorporating xylenol orange in a poly(vinyl chloride) membrane
Authors: Hassan Abeer M. E. , Alshehri Reem F. , El-Bahy Salah M. , Amin Alaa S. , Aish Mai
Published: November 2023

Schematic representation for the preparation, complexation and regeneration of the formed optical sensor.
Anti‐occlusion person re‐identification via body topology information restoration and similarity evaluation
Authors: Meng Chunyun , Ganaa Ernest Domanaanmwi , Wu Bin , Tan Zhen , Luan Li
Published: November 2023

In real‐world scenarios, pedestrian images often suffer from occlusion, where certain body features become invisible, making it challenging for existing methods to accurately identify pedestrians with the same ID. Traditional approaches typically focus on matching only the visible body parts, which can lead to misalignment when the occlusion patterns vary. To address this issue and alleviate misalignment in occluded pedestrian images, the authors propose a novel framework called body topology information generation and matching. The framework consists of two main modules: the body topology information generation module and the body topology information matching module. The body topology information generation module employs an adaptive detection mechanism and capsule generative adversarial network to restore a holistic pedestrian image while preserving the body topology information. The body topology information matching module leverages the restored holistic image from body topology information generation to overcome spatial misalignment and utilises cosine distance as the similarity measure for matching. By combining the body topology information generation and body topology information matching modules, the authors achieve consistency in the body topology information features of pedestrian images, ranging from restoration to retrieval. Extensive experiments are conducted on both holistic person re‐identification datasets (Market‐1501, DukeMTMC‐ReID) and occluded person re‐identification datasets (Occluded‐DukeMTMC, Occluded‐ReID). The results demonstrate the superior performance of the authors proposed model, and visualisations of the generation and matching modules are provided to illustrate their effectiveness. Furthermore, an ablation study is conducted to validate the contributions of the proposed framework.
The preparation of PVA/PBS/LiCl hydrogels and their performance as conductive gels
Authors: Guo Zheng , Wang Zebo , Pan Wei
Published: November 2023

The article describes the preparation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polybutylene succinate (PBS)/lithium chloride (LiCl) hydrogels, their structural features, as well as their electrical and mechanical properties. Firstly, by using a twin screw extruder, the PBS was blended with plasticized PVA and then PBS fibres were formed during the process. Secondly, the PVA/PBS composite materials were dissolved in the binary mixed solvent of glycerol and water containing LiCl to prepare PVA/PBS/LiCl hydrogels by the sol‐gel method. The morphology, structure, mechanical property, and conductivity of the hydrogels were investigated. The mechanical property of the hydrogels is improved with PBS fibres significantly and LiCl can improve the electrical conductivity of the hydrogels. The strength and conductivity of the PVA/PBS/LiCl (3 wt%) hydrogels are 4.67 MPa and 8.3 s/m, respectively. The PVA/PBS/LiCl hydrogels show good mechanical strength and conductivity and can be used in the wearable sensor field.
The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS): A machine learning approach to inferring galaxy cluster masses from eROSITA X-ray images
Authors: Krippendorf Sven , Baron Perez Nicolas , Bulbul Esra , Kara Melih , Seppi Riccardo , Comparat Johan , Artis Emmanuel , Bahar Yunus Emre , Garrel Christian , Ghirardini Vittorio , Kluge Matthias , Liu Ang , Ramos-Ceja Miriam E. , Sanders Jeremy , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Brüggen Marcus , Grandis Sebastian , Weller Jochen
Published: November 2023

We have developed a neural network-based pipeline to estimate masses of galaxy clusters with a known redshift directly from photon information in X-rays. Our neural networks were trained using supervised learning on simulations of eROSITA observations, focusing on the Final Equatorial Depth Survey (eFEDS). We used convolutional neural networks that have been modified to include additional information on the cluster, in particular, its redshift. In contrast to existing works, we utilized simulations that include background and point sources to develop a tool that is directly applicable to observational eROSITA data for an extended mass range – from group size halos to massive clusters with masses in between 1013 M⊙ < M < 1015 M⊙. Using this method, we are able to provide, for the first time, neural network mass estimations for the observed eFEDS cluster sample from Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma/eROSITA observations and we find a consistent performance with weak-lensing calibrated masses. In this measurement, we did not use weak-lensing information and we only used previous cluster mass information, which was used to calibrate the cluster properties in the simulations. When compared to the simulated data, we observe a reduced scatter with respect to luminosity and count rate based scaling relations. We also comment on the application for other upcoming eROSITA All-Sky Survey observations.
Two sequences of spiral galaxies with different shapes of the metallicity gradients
Authors: Pilyugin L. S. , Tautvaišienė G.
Published: November 2023

We considered two sequences of spiral galaxies with different shapes of the radial gas-phase oxygen abundance distributions from the galaxies in the survey Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA): (1) Galaxies in which the gradient is well approximated by a single linear relation across the whole disc, that is, galaxies with an S (slope) gradients, (2) galaxies in which the metallicity in the inner region of the disc is at a nearly constant level and the gradient is negative at larger radii, that is, galaxies with level-slope (LS) gradients. We also selected galaxies with a nearly uniform oxygen abundance across the whole galaxy, that is, galaxies with level (L) gradients (or O/H uniform galaxies) with a high oxygen abundance that can be the final evolutionary stage of the two galaxy sequences described above. The radial nitrogen abundance distributions in galaxies with LS oxygen abundance distributions also show breaks at radii smaller than the O/H distribution breaks. The observed behaviour of the oxygen and nitrogen abundances with radius in these galaxies can be explained by the time delay between the nitrogen and oxygen enrichment together with the variation in the star formation history along the radius. These galaxies clearly show the effect of the inside-out disc evolution model, which predicts that the galactic centre evolves more rapidly than the regions at greater galactocentric distances. We find that the shape of the radial abundance distribution in a galaxy is not related to its macroscopic characteristics (rotation velocity, stellar mass, isophotal radius, and star formation rate) and is independent of its present-day environment. The correlations between the gradient slopes and macroscopic characteristics of galaxies are weak in the sense that the scatter of the points in each diagram is large. The galaxies with different abundance distributions (S, LS, or L) in our sample are located within the main sequence of the star-forming galaxies in the diagram of star formation rate–stellar mass. We also examined the properties of the Milky Way in the context of the considered galaxy samples.
On inverse symmetric division deg index of graphs
Authors: Raza Zahid , Saha Laxman , Das Kinkar Chandra
Published: November 2023

One of the 148 discrete Adria indices is the symmetric division deg (SDD) index. It was developed about 13 years ago. Motivated by the success of the symmetric division deg index, Ghorbani et al. recently proposed an inverse version of this index, which they called the ISDD index (Inverse symmetric division deg index). The inverse symmetric division deg index (ISDD) of a graph Γ is defined as follows:

$$ \mathrm{ISDD}(\mathrm{\Gamma })=\sum_{{v}_i{v}_j\in E(\mathrm{\Gamma })} \enspace \frac{{d}_i{d}_j}{{d}_i^2+{d}_j^2}, $$

where di is the degree of the vertex vi in Γ. In this paper, we determine the second maximal and the second minimal trees with respect to the inverse symmetric division deg index (ISDD). We prove that the star gives the minimal and the complete bipartite graph K⌈n/2⌉, ⌊n/2⌋ gives the maximal graphs with respect to the inverse symmetric division deg index (ISDD) among any chain graph of order n. Moreover, the Turán graph gives the maximal graph with respect to the ISDD index for any simple graph of order n with chromatic number k. Finally, we give concluding remarks about future works.
Joint or not: unpacking the decision-making mechanism of pandemic control between two nations – from the perspective of cost optimization
Authors: Zhang Qin , Liu Guangfu , Hao Xinyu
Published: November 2023

Joint control has been proposed to alleviate the negative spillover of the pandemic. The authority faces a decision dilemma on whether to undertake joint control, which is overlooked by the scientific community. This paper, aiming to clarify the decision-making mechanism under cost optimization, draws on the optimization theory to find the optimal strategies and start time under independent and joint scenarios with an improved infectious disease model. Besides, a simulation analysis, based on the survey in Ruili – a border area between Myanmar and China, is employed. The crucial findings highlight that (1) The control measures contribute to reducing the peak number or peak time of confirmed patients under optimal decision. (2) As the delay of start time, the epidemic control for both countries undergoes from validity to failure. (3) More cost-savings come with earlier joint control but with uneven distribution. Joint strategy mitigates the cost for the one with severe epidemics, but the effect is insignificant for the other. This study, concentrating on cost optimization, provides a novel insight into pandemic control. The results enrich the decision analysis in the context of pandemic joint governance while providing inter-regional control support for the decision-maker to tackle various epidemics.
Successful Endovascular Treatment of Postbiopsy AVF in Transplanted Kidneys: Lessons Learned from Two Cases in Multiorgan Transplant Recipients
Authors: Želalić Sven , Šimunov Bojana , Maksimović Bojana , Mužar Rea , Laganović Mario , Vidjak Vinko
Published: November 2023

Allograft biopsy is a cornerstone in the management of transplanted kidneys. It is a safe procedure, often performed in the outpatient setting. A rare complication is formation of a postbiopsy arteriovenous fistula (AVF). We present here a report of two cases of postbiopsy AVFs treated endovascularly. Selective embolization is a safe and effective method of treatment of postbiopsy AVFs in renal allografts.
High-temperature effects for transition state calculations in solids
Authors: Ke Chengxuan , Nie Chenxi , Luo Guangfu
Published: November 2023

Transition state calculation is a critical technique to understand and predict versatile dynamical phenomena in solids. However, the transition state results obtained at 0 K are often utilized for the prediction or interpretation of dynamical processes at high temperatures, and the error bars of such an approximation are largely unknown. In this benchmark study, all the major temperature effects, including lattice expansion, lattice vibration, electron excitation, and band-edge shift, are evaluated with first-principles calculations for defect diffusion in solids. With the inclusion of these temperature effects, the notable discrepancies between theoretical predictions at 0 K and the experimental diffusivities at high temperatures are dramatically reduced. In particular, we find that lattice expansion and lattice vibration are the dominant factors lowering the defect formation energies and hopping barriers at high temperatures, but the electron excitation exhibits minor effects. In sharp contrast to typical assumptions, the attempt frequency with lattice expansion and vibration varies significantly with materials: several THz for aluminum bulk but surprisingly over 500 THz for 4H-SiC. For defects in semiconductors, the band-edge shift is also significant at high temperatures and plays a vital role in defect diffusion. We expect that this study would help accurately predict the dynamical processes at high temperatures.
Experimental study on interaction between the internal solitary wave and a hydrofoil based on the spectral proper orthogonal decomposition
Authors: Zou Li , Ma Xinyu , Hu Yingjie , Wang Xueyu , Gao Yelin
Published: November 2023

Internal solitary waves (ISWs) are a well-known phenomenon of water motion in the ocean, and their strong shear flow has a non-negligible harm to underwater marine engineering structures. To clarify the variation law of flow field and force during the interaction between ISW and common marine engineering structures-hydrofoils, in this paper, the spectral proper orthogonal decomposition (SPOD) method is introduced into the ISW problem for the first time. The advantage of this method is that it can display the flow field information in the frequency domain, and we obtained the flow field structure in the frequency domain during the whole flow process and mode 1 at the primary frequency with this method. We also obtained the time evolution flow field and force data through the particle image velocimetry technology and force sensor. The results show that the characteristics of flow field described by time domain and frequency domain show good consistency. According to the analyses results, we divide the flow process into low-frequency steady state and high-frequency disturbance. Most notably, we use the SPOD method to find that the sub-peak threshold of the flow frequency is surprisingly consistent with the sub-peak threshold of the force frequency. The main modes and frequency information of the flow field obtained by the SPOD method can provide valuable guidance for hydrofoil structures to avoid and predict ISW hazards in actual marine engineering operations.
New experiments and theory on ferrofluid cylinder in an azimuthal magnetic field
Authors: Canu R. , Bouchet A. , Renoult M.-C.
Published: November 2023

We conducted experiments to study the stability of a ferrofluid cylinder in an azimuthal magnetic field. The ferrofluid cylinder is formed on a current-carrying wire for creating the azimuthal magnetic field and is surrounded by a non-magnetic fluid of the same density to neglect the gravitational effect. Experiments were performed for different wire and cylinder radii. Data were analyzed to extract the growth rate and the wavelength of the perturbation characterizing the ferrofluid cylinder. The influence of the wire radius on the cylinder stability is used to respond to an issue, recently raised, in relation to the growth rate data obtained by the first experimental work. The results of the experiments confirm the theoretical predictions, namely, a decrease in the growth rate when the ratio between the wire radius and the ferrofluid cylinder radius increases. However, the isothermal theory overpredicts the growth rate observed in this experiment and sources of this discrepancy are explored. In particular, a theoretical model considering a thermocapillary effect is developed and it is shown that this non-isothermal theory can explain the observed discrepancy.
Ar cluster bombardment of phenylalanine deposited on graphene—Effect of kinetic energy and projectile size
Authors: Louerdi Soukaina , Hrabar Sviatoslav , Mouhib Taoufiq , Kański Michał , Postawa Zbigniew
Published: November 2023

This study investigates the effects of kinetic energy and projectile size on particle emission from a phenylalanine overlayer adsorbed on a graphene bilayer during argon projectile bombardment. Projectiles of various sizes (1–1000 atoms) and kinetic energies (0.5–40 keV) are used to study their impact on the ejection efficiency, mass distribution, and kinetic and angular spectra of the emitted substances. Particle ejection mechanisms are discussed in scenarios with and without sample perforation. Additionally, this study investigated the potential use of graphene in secondary ion mass spectrometry or neutral secondary mass spectrometry analyses.
Free-space coupling and characterization of transverse bulk phonon modes in lithium niobate in a quantum acoustic device
Authors: Kitzman J. M. , Lane J. R. , Undershute C. , Drimmer M. , Schleusner A. J. , Beysengulov N. R. , Mikolas C. A. , Pollanen J.
Published: November 2023

Transverse bulk phonons in a multimode integrated quantum acoustic device are excited and characterized via their free-space coupling to a three-dimensional (3D) microwave cavity. These bulk acoustic modes are defined by the geometry of the Y-cut lithium niobate substrate in which they reside and couple to the cavity electric field via a large dipole antenna, with an interaction strength on the order of the cavity linewidth. Using finite element modeling, we determine that the bulk phonons excited by the cavity field have a transverse polarization with a shear velocity matching previously reported values. We demonstrate how the coupling between these transverse acoustic modes and the electric field of the 3D cavity depends on the relative orientation of the device dipole, with a coupling persisting to room temperature. Our study demonstrates the versatility of 3D microwave cavities for mediating contact-less coupling to quantum, and classical, piezoacoustic devices.
Hall effect in the MnBi2Te4 crystal using silicon nitride nanomembrane via contacts
Authors: Martini Mickey , Confalone Tommaso , Lee Yejin , Rubrecht Bastian , Serpico Giuseppe , Shokri Sanaz , Saggau Christian N. , Montemurro Domenico , Vinokur Valerii M. , Isaeva Anna , Nielsch Kornelius , Poccia Nicola
Published: November 2023

Utilizing an interplay between band topology and intrinsic magnetism, the two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) system MnBi2Te4 provides an ideal platform for realizing exotic quantum phenomena and offers great opportunities in the emerging field of antiferromagnetic spintronic technology. Yet, the fabrication of MnBi2Te4-based nanodevices is hindered by the high sensitivity of this material, which quickly degrades when exposed to air or to elevated temperatures. Here, we demonstrate an alternative route of fabricating vdW-MnBi2Te4-based electronic devices using the cryogenic dry transfer of a printable circuit embedded in an inorganic silicon nitride membrane. The electrical connections between the thin crystal and the top surface of the membrane are established through via contacts. Our magnetotransport study reveals that this innovative via contact approach enables exploring the MnBi2Te4-like sensitive 2D materials and engineering synthetic heterostructures as well as complex circuits based on the two-dimensional vdW systems.
Kinematic analyses of wave–packet structures in non-isothermal jet flows: Effects of length scales
Authors: Liu Qilin , Lai Huanxin
Published: November 2023

A kinematic wave–packet sound-source model is developed for non-isothermal jets based on large eddy simulation results of subsonic jets at temperature ratios 0.86, 1.0, and 2.7. To find the suitable variable for the sound-source model, coherent structures in these jets are extracted by leading modes of the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), and they are classified according to spatial–temporal features. To extend the model, an approach is proposed to represent the growth and decay length scales separately by a single continuous function. Applying such function, the acoustic affections are discussed for the variable length scales of amplitude envelope, L, and coherence, Lc. The results show that the jet temperature desynchronizes the leading POD modes of radial velocity, pressure, and density, and the jet temperature changes the density mode from radial puffs into stripes or ridges. The axisymmetric component of the pressure clearly presents a train of radiant waves, as captured by its leading spectral-POD mode at the peak radiation frequency. Therefore, this pressure component is employed for modeling. In the wave-number domain, the elongation of L stretches the cross-spectral density (CSD) of the source signal, denoted by CSD(k1, k2), along the k1- and k2-axes; the decay of Lc stretches the CSD along the diagonal of the axes. Both of them tend to spread the CSD into a radiant region near the origin point, so as to enhance the radiation. The radiation seems insensitive to the variation of the L, as it only slightly distorts the CSD in the radiant region.
The conformational phase diagram of charged polymers in the presence of attractive bridging crowders
Authors: Tripathi Kamal , Garg Hitesh , Rajesh R. , Vemparala Satyavani
Published: November 2023

Using extensive molecular dynamics simulations, we obtain the conformational phase diagram of a charged polymer in the presence of oppositely charged counterions and neutral attractive crowders for monovalent, divalent, and trivalent counterion valencies. We demonstrate that the charged polymer can exist in three phases: (1) an extended phase for low charge densities and weak polymer–crowder attractive interactions [Charged Extended (CE)]; (2) a collapsed phase for high charge densities and weak polymer–crowder attractive interactions, primarily driven by counterion condensation [Charged Collapsed due to Intra-polymer interactions [(CCI)]; and (3) a collapsed phase for strong polymer–crowder attractive interactions, irrespective of the charge density, driven by crowders acting as bridges or cross-links [Charged Collapsed due to Bridging interactions [(CCB)]. Importantly, simulations reveal that the interaction with crowders can induce collapse, despite the presence of strong repulsive electrostatic interactions, and can replace condensed counterions to facilitate a direct transition from the CCI and CE phases to the CCB phase.