bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marine Biotechnology Progress and Policy in Iran
Authors: Tamadon Amin , Zare Masoud
Published: February 2025

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state and future directions of marine biotechnology development in Iran. It discusses the roles and responsibilities of key institutions involved in marine biotechnology, including the Offshore Knowledge Technology and Industries Development Headquarters, the Fisheries Organization of Iran, and the Environmental Protection Organization. The review highlights the strategic roadmap for marine technologies, focusing on natural compound extraction, marine biotechnology policies, and the establishment of research infrastructure. It addresses challenges in data collection, legal frameworks, and stakeholder coordination while emphasizing the need for improved research and development infrastructure, international collaboration, and effective policy-making. The review concludes with recommendations for enhancing marine biotechnology through government support, private sector involvement, and international cooperation, aiming to position Iran as a leader in this emerging field.
Climate Change in Iran: Challenges and Solutions – A Short Communication
Authors: Talaie Amirreza , Rezania Shahabaldin
Published: February 2025

Climate change, driven by human activities such as fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, poses significant environmental and economic challenges globally and particularly affects Iran. This article explores the primary causes of climate change, including industrial emissions, agriculture, deforestation, and transportation. It examines the severe impacts on Iran, such as rising temperatures, decreased precipitation, and increased drought, which exacerbate water scarcity, agricultural decline, and health issues. The article outlines strategies for addressing these challenges, including optimizing water use with advanced irrigation technologies, developing renewable energy sources, increasing vegetation cover, and enhancing education and infrastructure. Effective climate change mitigation in Iran requires comprehensive policies, international cooperation, and sustainable practices to safeguard the environment and improve quality of life.
Genero-indarkeriari buruko legediaren azterketa 1/2004 Lege Organikoaz geroztik
Authors:   Universidad de Deusto, Benito Sánchez Demelsa , López Gorostidi Jon ,   Universidad de Deusto, Casanueva Sanz Itziar ,   Universidad de Deusto, Barrenetxea Beaskoetxea Eider ,   Universidad de Deusto, Campoy Zuluaga Ainhoa ,   Universidad de Deusto,   Universidad de Deusto
Published: February 2025

Genero-indarkeriak egungo girartean arazo nagusienetakoa izaten jarraitzen du. 2003 urtetik, Espainian, ia 1300 emakumeren heriotza eragin du genero-indarkeriak. 1/2004 Lege Organikoak, abenduaren 28koak, Genero-indarkeriaren aurka oso-osoko babesa emateko neurriei buruzkoak, arazo honi aurre egiteko, erreforma garrantzitsuak egin zituen justizia sisteman. Aurten bi hamarkada bete dira legea onartu zenetik eta momentu egokia da lortutako aurrerapenei eta gainditu gabeko erronkei buruz hausnartzeko. Hori da, hain zuzen ere, lan honen helburua. Horretarako, genero-indarkeriarekin zerikusia duten tipo penal batzuen bilakarea aztertu dugu eta Zigor Zuzenbidearen prebentzio funtzioa betetzeko konponbideak ematen ahalegindu gara. Monografia hau euskal unibertsitate-sistemako Deustuko Unibertsitateko «Konstituzio ekonomikoa eta justizia soziala» (Erreferentzia: IT1768-22 [2022-2025]) ikerketa-taldearen barruan aurrera eraman diren ikerketen emaitza da.
Derechos humanos y cambio climático Implicaciones de la litigación climática sobre las estrategias de lucha contra el cambio climático
Authors:   Universidad de Deusto, Fernández Gómez Jorge
Published: February 2025

Este Cuaderno tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre cómo se ha ido desarrollando a lo largo de las últimas décadas el concepto de derechos medioambientales del ser humano (reconocido por la Asamblea General de Naciones Unidas en julio de 2022) y cómo se están utilizando los derechos humanos en demandas contra Estados y empresas para inducir cambios en las estrategias y políticas de lucha contra el cambio climático y en la forma de operar de las empresas. Se analizan también las potenciales implicaciones futuras de la litigación climática y de las sentencias de los casos que se están dirimiendo en la actualidad en el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos sobre el marco normativo sobre energía, medioambiente y cambio climático en la Unión Europea y cómo podrían afectar en el futuro a la estrategia energético-medioambiental europea y a sus resultados.
Association between disease activity and HALP score in ankylosing spondylitis patients
Authors: Cüre Osman
Published: February 2025

Objective: The goal of this research was to assess HALP score (Hemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocyte, Platelet) as a potential indicator of disease activity among patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS).
Methods: Data from 260 individuals (130 AS patients and 130 healthy controls) were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical and demographic information was collected, and the AS group was divided into remission and active disease subgroups for comparison.
Results: In contrast to the group of healthy controls, AS patients had a lower HALP score (P<0.001). The HALP score was notably lower in the active patient group than in the remission group (P=0.025). The HALP score and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate were found to be negatively correlated (r=-0.307, P<0.001). Additionally, significant negative correlations were identified between the HALP score and the following parameters: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) (r=-0.208, P=0.017), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) (r=-0.195, P=0.026), Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score using C-reactive protein (ASDAS-CRP) (r=-0.199, P=0.024), and Visual Analog Scale (r=-0.229, P=0.009). The optimal HALP score cut-off for determining disease activity was established as ≤0.56 (AUC: 0.619, 95% CI: 0.518-0.721, sensitivity: 80.00%, specificity: 40.00%).
Conclusions: This study found that the HALP score was lower in active AS patients compared to those in remission. Therefore, the HALP score may serve as a potential marker for assessing disease activity in AS patients.
Assessment of food allergies in patients under two years of age with skin manifestations referred to pediatric immunology and allergy outpatient clinic
Authors: Ünsal Hilal , Akalin Ertürk Beyza
Published: February 2025

Objectives: In the first two years of life, patients with cutaneous manifestations with suspicion of food allergy are frequently referred to clinicians in daily practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of food allergy (FA) in infants presenting with cutaneous manifestations.
Methods: Patients aged <2 years with suspected food allergy and cutaneous manifestations who were admitted to the pediatric immunology and allergy outpatient clinic at Sincan Training and Research Hospital were included. Demographic, clinical and laboratory features of patients were recorded. The severity of atopic dermatitis (AD) was classified using the SCORing AD index.
Results: The study included 217 children with a median age of 9.7 months (IQR 5.8-13.6) (55.8% males). AD (77.9%) was the most common skin manifestation in all patients. Other cutaneous manifestations were urticaria/angioedema (12.4%) and flushing (9.7%). 23 (13.6%) patients were classified as moderate-severe AD and 146 (86.4%) patients as mild AD. The age at diagnosis is lower in the moderate-severe AD group [9 months (IQR 4-15)] compared to the mild AD group [14 months (IQR 9-18)] (P=0.011). In all AD patients, food allergy was detected in 54 (32%) patients. The percentage of food allergy was higher in the moderate-severe AD group (82.6%) than in the mild AD group (24%) (P<0.001). Multiple FA was shown in 13 (7.7%) patients and the percentage of Multiple FA was higher in the moderate-severe AD group (21.7%) than in the mild AD group (5.5%) (P=0.018). When the most common food allergies were compared, hen's egg and cow's milk allergy were found to be higher in the moderate-severe AD group [(56.5%) vs. (47.8%)] than in the mild AD group [(18.5%) vs. (9%)] (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). Forty oral food challenges (OFC) tests were performed on patients who were found to have food sensitivity and all passed. In 58 (26.7%) patients, food allergy was identified and food elimination was started. In 54 (24.8%) patients with AD culprit food was eliminated from the diet. No food allergy was found in any patient presenting with flushing. Cow's milk allergy was found in two patients and hen's egg allergy in two patients who presented with urticaria.
Conclusions: We identified food allergy in only one out of every four patients presenting with suspected food allergy and cutaneous manifestations. Correct evaluation of hypersensitivity reactions to foods is important to avoid unnecessary food elimination from infants' diet.
New Media Behind the Iron Curtain
Authors: Sitarski Piotr , Garda Maria B. , Jajko Krzysztof
Published: February 2025

During the years of the Polish People’s Republic, Poles were cut off from the western world. Travel was restricted, as was access to out- side culture and goods. This unique situation led to a period of great ingenuity in the realm of new media. Not only were media adapted to suit Poles’ needs, but new technology was fashioned to gain access to western television, film and video games. Bringing people together, VCRs, computers and satellite television were thus a window to the outside world and contemporary to the mobilisation of Solidarity and the end of communism. As such, their diffusion is an important but largely overlooked aspect of Poland’s history. Acutely aware of this, the authors of this book recount new media behind the Iron Curtain in a way that will appeal to scholars and non-academic readers alike. Coupling archival research with in depth interviews, they bring to life the talent and determination of the PPR’s new media pioneers, compelling others to dig further.
Więź matki z dzieckiem w okresie prenatalnym w ciąży wysokiego ryzyka
Authors: Kucharska-Hauk Marta
Published: February 2025

W monografii z zakresu psychologii rodziny autorka ustala, czy Istnieją różnice w nasileniu więzi matki z dzieckiem w okresie prenatalnym w ciążach fizjologicznych i ciążach wysokiego ryzyka. W drugiej grupie uwzględnia dwa typy: ze zdiagnozowanymi wrodzonymi wadami rozwojowymi płodu oraz z innymi zagrożeniami wynikającymi z nietypowego przebiegu ciąży lub choroby matki. Podejmuje także próbę określenia czynników będących predyktorami więzi matki z dzieckiem w okresie prenatalnym w różnych sytuacjach zagrożenia ciąży lub jego braku.
Las relaciones entre el Perú y México (1821-2024)
Authors: Novak Fabián
Published: February 2025

Existen una serie de factores que hacen de México un país especialmente importante para el Perú. Se trata de un Estado que ocupa el puesto 15 en el mundo en extensión territorial, con 1.964.375 kilómetros cuadrados, y una población de 130 millones de personas que lo ubican como el décimo país más poblado del mundo (PROMPERÚ, 2021, p. 2). México, además, es una potencia media de carácter bioceánico, con amplias riquezas naturales, vecino de la máxima potencia mundial; asimismo, es la undécima mayor economía del mundo, con importantes niveles de industrialización, cuyos puertos guardan una comunicación fluida con Asia y Europa. Es poseedor asimismo de una cultura milenaria con grandes riquezas arqueológicas, con un importante liderazgo en Centroamérica y el Caribe y, por ende, con gran influencia en las votaciones del órgano hemisférico, además de ser miembro de foros tan importantes como la OCDE, el G-20 y el G-5 (Rodríguez Alva, 2019, pp. 80 y 82; Mendoza, 2014, p. 35). Por otro lado, son muchas las semejanzas que unen al Perú con el país norteamericano. Así, ambos países son herederos de los mayores imperios precolombinos y las culturas más antiguas del continente (Caral y Olmeca) y constituyeron los virreinatos más importantes del reino de España en América; son poseedores de una riqueza gastronómica espectacular, con un folklore muy diverso con múltiples expresiones regionales; cuentan, también, con bebidas internacionalmente conocidas como el Pisco y el Tequila, encontrándose entre los mayores productores de plata del mundo y, por si todo lo anterior no fuera suficiente, en estos dos países se encuentran dos nuevas maravillas del mundo, como son Machu Picchu y Chichen Itzá. Por lo expuesto, el Instituto de Estudios Internacionales (IDEI) de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú consideró importante impulsar una investigación destinada a analizar la historia de nuestras relaciones bilaterales con México, en sus más de 200 años de existencia, consciente de que no existe a la fecha ningún estudio realizado en nuestro país con este alcance, salvo algunos artículos puntuales sobre ciertas figuras prominentes para nuestra historia común, como son los casos de Fray Melchor de Talamantes Salvador y Baeza o del recordado diplomático Manuel Nicolás Corpancho. Ello contrasta con los diversos y muy importantes estudios llevados a cabo en tierras aztecas, de los cuales damos cuenta en la presente obra. Así, este libro se suma a otros volúmenes realizados como parte de la serie Política Exterior Peruana del IDEI, en donde se ha contribuido de manera importante con el país a cubrir serios vacíos en nuestra historia diplomática con países europeos, asiáticos, euroasiáticos e, incluso, latinoamericanos.
Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci for Bruchid Resistance in Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]
Authors: Kuralarasan V. , Devi S. Manju , Jayamani P.
Published: February 2025

Background: Blackgram is one of the most important pulse crops. The post-harvest loss in blackgram is due to Callosobruchus maculatus where, the loss can go upto 100 per cent through secondary infestation. Development of cultivar with bruchid resistance can be cost-effective, durable and eco-friendly approach. The present study was conducted to identify markers linked to bruchid resistance in blackgram using the mapping population (RILs) developed from the cross between VBN(Bg) 5 (bruchid susceptible) and Vigna mungo var. silvestris 22/10 (bruchid resistant). Methods: A total of 191 RILs were subjected to bruchid screening and the traits viz., days to first adult emergence, mean developmental period, seed damage percent and growth index was observed. To analyse polymorphism between the parents, 343 SSR markers were screened and only 49 (14.29%) SSR markers showed polymorphism between the parents. Bulk segregant analysis (BSA) was done using resistant bulk and susceptible bulk along with parents using polymorphic markers. A total of eight SSR markers were identified as polymorphic in BSA. QTLs were mapped for seed damage per cent and growth index. The flanking markers for the QTLs identified for seed damage per cent and growth index was CEDG088 and CEDG118. Seed damage percent and growth index shared same position. The above markers were validated using four each of resistant and susceptible genotypes of blackgram. Result: The marker CEDG118 clearly distinguished the resistant and susceptible genotypes. The closely linked SSR marker CEDG118 could be used to screen the germplasm and segregating materials in order to identify bruchid resistant genotypes in blackgram.
A Tax by Any Other Name? Conceptions of Taxation and Implications for Research
Authors: Bak Ane Karoline , van den Boogaard Vanessa , Chen Deanndre
Published: February 2025

As taxation has become a prominent issue in international development policy, much research has focused on taxpayers’ perceptions and experiences of taxation using cross-country comparative survey data. However, insufficient attention has been paid to issues related to content validity and the cross-context comparability of tax-related concepts key to analyses of many topics, including relationships between willingness to pay taxes and perceptions of corruption, state legitimacy and public service provision. While serious questions have been raised about the data quality in some quantitative work in African studies, little attention has been given to the specific problems of using cross-country survey data.

We encourage critical reflection concerning the use of tax-related data across diverse contexts. We show that a tax by any other name does not retain the same meaning across contexts. We argue that taxation studies, particularly survey-based research, should be informed by a deeper understanding of the contextual meanings ascribed to taxation. Greater prioritisation of conceptual analysis, mixed methods approaches and local language research will strengthen the measurement and interpretive validity of taxpayer perception data, and enhance understanding of taxpayers’ experience and interactions with tax systems.

Summary of article written by Ane Karoline Bak and Vanessa van den Boogaard and published in the Journal of Modern African Studies.
Comparison between the FUZZY-ARFIMA model and the Hybrid ARFIMA -FUZZY model with application to agricultural data in the city of Mosul
Authors: Ahmed Rehab Talal , Ibrahim Omar salim
Published: February 2025

In this research, we studied forecasting based on time series data for red onion prices in Nineveh Governorate using model ARFIMA Autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average. A ARFIMA-FUZZY (FTS) hybrid model was proposed This model has the advantage and strength of the ARFIMA partial autoregressive integral in addition to the FUZZY-ARFIMA model and compared them with each other using evaluation criteria (BIC). For prediction, which is calculated using the statistical program R. The results showed that the ARFIMA-FUZZY (FTS) hybrid model is the best because it has the lowest (BIC) values. It is also the highest in forecast efficiency because it has the lowest values of forecast accuracy metrics (MSE, RMSE, MAE) and was chosen as the best forecast model.
Analyzing Smart Inventory Management System Performance Over Time with State-Based Markov Model and Reliability Approach, Enhanced by Blockchain Security and Transparency
Authors: CHBAIK NABIL , KHIAT Azeddine , BAHNASSE Ayoub , OUAJJI Hassan
Published: February 2025

In response to the evolving demands of modern inventory management, this paper introduces a quantitative mathematical model aimed at assessing the performance of a smart inventory management system, emphasizing the integration of blockchain technology to enhance security and transparency. By considering essential hardware components, including ESP32 module, HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, battery, and jumper wires, the model utilizes Markov modeling and a reliability-based approach. Its primary objective is to enable timely repair and maintenance activities, ensuring sustained system availability by identifying and addressing weak components. Efficient operation of all system parts is critical for the timely transmission of inventory data. Through the incorporation of blockchain technology, the study addresses security and transparency concerns, alongside evaluating key reliability metrics such as reliability, unreliability, and Mean Time to Failure (MTTF). Sensitivity analysis identifies critical components, highlighting the importance of maintenance for components like the switch and servo motor. The research underscores the role of blockchain technology in fortifying security and transparency in smart inventory management systems, alongside emphasizing the significance of reliability metrics in system performance optimization.
La pisciculture artisanale du Tilapia en Afrique : Analyse de différents systèmes d'élevage et de leur niveau de développementge et de leur niveau de développement
Authors: Lazard Jérome , Morissens Pierre , Parrel P.
Published: February 2025

Le continent africain n'a pas de tradition piscicole et de nombreuses tentatives ont été menées au cours des 40 dernières années pour développer cette activité, principalement basée sur la culture du Tilapia. Aujourd'hui, seuls quelques projets de développement ont réussi à sensibiliser les populations rurales africaines à cette nouvelle activité, et la plupart d'entre eux ont été ou sont encore menés dans le cadre des administrations locales. De plus, les fermes piscicoles privées gérées par des Africains sont encore très peu nombreuses sur le continent. La seule aquaculture existante en milieu rural est d'un niveau technique très faible, entraînant des revenus financiers médiocres pour le paysan qui, en général, retourne tôt ou tard à son activité agricole traditionnelle. Cet article décrit plusieurs programmes de développement de l'aquaculture du Tilapia basés sur 3 techniques d'élevage artisanales différentes liées à 3 conditions socio-économiques et environnementales très différentes : étangs inclus dans un aménagement hydro-agricole (Côte d'Ivoire), cages flottantes dans une rivière sahélienne (Niger) et enclos dans une lagune saumâtre (Bénin). Pour chaque système de pisciculture, les données suivantes sont comparées :- la description et le coût de la structure d'élevage, ainsi que les conditions et contraintes de sa mise en œuvre ;- principaux résultats sur les différentes étapes de la production de Tilapia ;- aspects économiques : coûts de production, bénéfices et situation du marché ;- le niveau de maîtrise des techniques décrites et le niveau de vulgarisation auprès de la population rurale ou des pisciculteurs.À partir de l'étude de ces trois situations, des conclusions sont formulées et des recommandations sont suggérées pour l'avenir du développement de l'aquaculture du tilapia sur le continent africain.
Trade Union and Democratisation in Malaysian Borneo and Indonesian Borneo
Authors: Sharifah Nursyahidah
Published: February 2025

Trade unions are proliferating in Malaysia despite the presence of a semi-authoritarian climate. Comparatively, Indonesia is observing a decline in trade unions and respective membership despite a developing democracy. The present study aims to assess the trade unions in Malaysian and Indonesian Borneo that are rarely given attention. The literature revealed that the national culture significantly influences trade unions in both regions. For instance, the trade unions in Malaysian Borneo are highly distinctive compared to those of Peninsular Malaysia. Subsequently, national culture, including individualism and collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, power distance, and masculinity versus femininity, affect the adherence to the national trend. Moreover, internal and external factors, such as union awareness, the commando spirit, cooperative or confrontational attitudes, employment laws, and opinion differences could impact trade unions and democracy. Accordingly, this study conducted case studies on three main economic sectors with high similarities, namely oil and gas, timber, and palm oil in both regions to determine the underlying factors. Although Malaysian and Indonesian Borneo demonstrated significant differences in the observance of national trends, similar democracy challenges, especially marginalisation and disempowerment of workers and trade unions, were observed.
Achieving Fair and Equal Access to Vaccination for Persons with Disabilities in Indonesia
Authors: Kusumawati Erna Dyah , Sasmini  , Firdausy Adriana Grahani
Published: February 2025

The World Health Organisation has recommended that its member states conduct national vaccination programs based on fair and equal access principles. COVID-19 has had more severe impacts on persons with disabilities (PwDs). This article focuses on how the provisions of international human rights instruments obligate countries to provide vaccination for PwDs. Further, these provisions will be used to analyse the law and policy adopted by the Indonesian government related to the vaccination program designed for this group. This article used both normative/doctrinal and empirical legal research methods. Based on international human rights law, access to vaccines and medical technology are elements of the right to health under the AAAQ principles. Member states should consider groups’ vulnerabilities, risks, and needs when designing the vaccination program. Some groups risk experiencing a more significant burden from the pandemic due to underlying social, geographic, or biomedical factors. PwDs are people coming from diverse backgrounds. Thus, the challenges they face will vary according to age diversity, gender, types of disability, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and migration status. The results show that Indonesia, during the first vaccine rollout, did not explicitly mention disability as a priority. PwDs have experienced barriers in accessing vaccination due to a few persistent problems. In the future, national vaccination programs should include measures to overcome such barriers and ensure that PwDs have equal access to the vaccine and other healthcare services. Such access will enable the fulfilment of the right to health of the PwDs as guaranteed both under international human rights law and domestic law. In addition, future healthcare policy should put PwDs at the centre and address the unique needs and preferences of disabled people, including their cultural and language requirements.
How the Slovaks Helped Count Dracula: Stereotypes of the Late 19th Century
Authors: Kasarda Martin
Published: February 2025

Bram Stoker’s iconic horror novel is heavily influenced by Central and Eastern European mythological pre-Christian stories about the undead, people undergoing lycanthropic metamorphoses, and vampires. However, the focus of this article is placed not on the interpretation of the Dracula phenomenon, but on a specific problem: the Slovaks (as an ethnic group) being presented as a sort of collective character in the novel. They are portrayed in a stereotypical manner as shepherds and rafters, one of several peoples who inhabit the Transylvanian region, and one whose reputation is not exactly spotless. It is clear that when Bram Stoker was creating the character of count Dracula, he used the information he had from the Hungarian orientalist Ármin Vambéry, who was a native of the multicultural Hungarian (now Slovak) town of Svätý Jur and studied in the other Slovak cities — Dunajská Streda and Bratislava. The study deals mainly with this Slovak, Slavic and Hungarian footprint in Stoker’s work.
The End of the World of Values: The Abandonment of the Axiological System in Recent Secondary World Fantasy for Young Readers. Part 1 — The Classical Model
Authors: Trębicki Grzegorz
Published: February 2025

The objective of the present work (which is the first in the two-part series) is to describe the evolution of the literary genre of secondary world fantasy for young readers in reference to the axiological system that prevails in its most canonical texts. The discussion is based on a three-level axiological model previously proposed by the author. It will be first analyzed how this model functions in the classical works by J.R.R. Tolkien and Ursula K. Le Guin, and then shown how it is transformed in more recent texts. The whole process will demostrate a gradual abandonment of fantasy’s axiological and didactic ambitions.
Hacia un modelo de cuidados y apoyos comunitarios
Authors: Asís Roig Rafael de , Razo Godinez Laura Cecilia
Published: February 2025

Este trabajo concentra las conclusiones presentadas en una serie de seminarios a lo largo de 2024, tras haber sido publicado el Estudio EDI sobre los Procesos de Desinstitucionalización y Transición hacia Modelos de Apoyos Personalizados y Comunitarios, realizado en el marco de la Estrategia Nacional de Desinstitucionalización en España, por el IDHPB. Estas conclusiones presentan un diagnóstico de la salud del modelo de cuidados y apoyos basados en la institucionalización y segregación de las personas, así como su contrapunto: la vida elegida en la comunidad desde un marco de derechos humanos.
Inclusión y discapacidad
Authors: Introcaso Irazábal Jimena
Published: February 2025

Existen numerosos estudios sobre la lactancia y las discapacidades, pero pocos abordan su intersección. Este trabajo busca analizar los factores culturales, sociales, económicos, laborales, sanitarios y comunicacionales que afectan la lactancia materna, considerando su déficit en cuanto a accesibilidad, especialmente para personas con discapacidad. Aunque el período de puerperio es un tema interdisciplinario global, sus enfoques no visibilizan completamente los factores que afectan la lactancia, lo que intensifica las barreras relacionadas con el capacitismo. Este estudio usa la interseccionalidad para identificar las desigualdades sistémicas que impactan la lactancia de personas con discapacidad. Finalmente, se sugieren políticas públicas accesibles que favorezcan la inclusión social y mejoren la gobernanza
Анализ динамики эпидемического процесса COVID-19 в мире за неделю с 01.02.2025 г. по 07.02.2025 г.
Authors: Зимирова Анастасия , Поспелов Михаил , Иванова Александра , Дмитриева Людмила , Чумачкова Елена , Карнаухов Игорь , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: February 2025

В обзоре представлен анализ эпидемиологической ситуации в странах мира по COVID-19 за неделю с 01.02.2025 г. по 07.02.2025 г.
DNA barcoding of catfishes (Order: Siluriformes) with description of two new records from eastern region of Nepal
Authors: Limbu Jash Hang , Rajbanshi Dipak , Khanal Laxman , Hui Wang , Adhikari Ram Chandra , Yang Jin-Quan , Li Chenhong
Published: February 2025

Altogether 99 specimens catfishes collected from the Eastern Region of Nepal (ERN), representing 29 species belonging to 21 genera and eight families were successfully barcoded employing mitochondrial COI gene sequence analysis showing 98.5-100% identity with both GeneBank and BOLD databases. Of these, two species i.e. Amblyceps, arunachalense and Erethistoides sicula were recorded for the first time from Nepal. Out of the 29 species, one species was found to be Endangered, two species under Near Threatened,one species under Vulnerable, one species under Data Deficient and 24 species under Least Concern category. The intra-specific genetic distances within species ranged from 0 to 5%. The highest intraspecific K2P and p-distances were found among the two species viz., E. sicula (4%) and Glyptothorax telchita (5%), indicating the presence of putative species. The inter-specific genetic distances ranged from 0 to 17%. GC content at 1st, 2nd and 3rd codon was found to be 42.4, 49.3 and 43.8%, respectively. The findings of the study will definitely support the upcoming initiatives on fisheries resource management and conservation in the region. It also forms an important input towards the DNA barcode library of catfishes of the eastern region of Nepal.
Keywords: Barcoding, Fish diversity, Freshwater, Hills, Lowland, Streams
A new sympatric species of Horabagrus (Siluriformes: Horabagridae) from the Chalakkudy river basin in Kerala, India
Authors: Kumar Rahul G. , Ravi Charan , Prasoon N. P. Krishna , Basheer V. S.
Published: February 2025

We describe a new species of Horabagrus, found in sympatry with H. nigricollaris, from the Chalakkudy river basin in Kerala, South India. Horabagrus obscurus, new species, differs from the two other known species in the genus in its colour pattern, lesser body width at the pectoral girdle, shorter barbels and total vertebral counts. Differences in partial sequences of the mitochondrial COI and CytB genes also serve to distinguish the new species from congeners. The new discovery reasserts the importance of the Chalakkudy river basin as a hotspot of piscine diversity in the Western Ghats.
Keywords: Biodiversity, Conservation, Horabagridae, New Species, Western Ghats
Exploring the diversity of trawl catch composition in Mumbai coastal waters through experimental trawling
Authors: Wanjari R. N. , K. K. Ramteke
Published: February 2025

The primary focus of our experimental trawling, was to analyse fish composition within specific coordinates (19°06’66” to 19°12’15.09” north latitude, 72°41’23.20” to 72°48’50” east longitude) at depths ranging from 6 to 21 m. We catalogued 127 species comprising 34 shellfish (25 genera, 9 orders and 27 families) and 92 finfish (68 genera, 40 families, 14 orders). Dominant fish orders were Perciformes (74%), Clupeiformes (19%) and Tetraodontiformes (7%), while Decapoda led shellfish (81%) followed by Neogastropoda (19%). Discards contributed 59%, non-target 34% and target catch 7%. Species peaked 18 m (66), followed by 12-15 m (60) and dropped at 6-9 m (36). Monthly averages for discard (4.5 to 24.75 kg h-1) and commercial catch (4.1 to 12.2 kg h-1) fluctuated. Cluster analysis showed high similarity in species and abundance between adjacent months. Bycatch varied seasonally, lowest in winter and highest in post-monsoon. Biodiversity indices indicated rich, evenly distributed diversity. These findings yield vital insights into fish catch composition, distribution, and bycatch diversity. They are crucial for sustainably managing overexploited fisheries, forming a foundational resource for effective and sustainable exploitation.
Keywords: Bycatch diversity, Commercial catch, Discard catch, Experimental fishing, Ichthyofauna
Calcareous green algae (Dasycladales, Halimedaceae) from the Upper Cretaceous of the western Tarim Basin, NW China: Systematic palaeontology, microfacies, and palaeobiogeographic significance
Authors: Schlagintweit Felix , Xu Yiwei , Zhang Shijie
Published: February 2025

Few stratigraphical and micropalaeontological data are available from Upper Cretaceous shallow-water marine carbonates of the southwestern Tarim Basin, western China. The present study provides new data about the microfauna and calcareous algae of the Cenomanian-Turonian Kukebai Formation and the Campanian Yigeziya Formation. The investigated bioclastic carbonates yield a rather poorly diversified microfauna (benthic foraminifers) contrasting with a relatively well diversified assemblage of dasycladalean green algae comprising 16 taxa. For several taxa, the available material does only allow for an open taxonomic treatment. A new species is described herein as Morelletpora sinica. These calcareous algae are supplemented by debris of halimedacean algae (Arabicodium? sp.). Occurrences of calcareous algae and larger benthic foraminifers in Cenomanian and Campanian carbonates coincide with two major transgressions reported from the Tarim Basin. The observed faunal and phycological elements indicate a direct connection between the Neotethys and the Tarim epicontinental sea. The lack of several typical Cenomanian (e.g., alveolinoids, orbitolinids) and Campanian larger benthic foraminifers in the studied material is striking.
A modular encapsulation system for precision delivery of proteins, nucleic acids and therapeutics
Authors: Parton Robert , Luong Thai Duong , Martel Nick , Rae James , Lo Harriet , Lim Ye-Wheen , Wu Yeping , McMahon Kerrie-Ann , Fletcher Nick , Thurecht Kristofer , Johnston Angus , Ariotti Nicholas , Hall Thomas
Published: February 2025

Targeted nanoparticles have the potential to revolutionize therapeutics for medical applications. Here, we demonstrate the utility of a flexible precision nanovesicle delivery system for functional delivery of DNA, RNA, proteins and drugs into target cells. Nanovesicles generated by the membrane sculpting protein caveolin, termed caveospheres, can be loaded with RNA, DNA, proteins or drugs post-synthesis or incorporate genetically-encoded cargo proteins during production without the need for protein purification. Functionalized fluorescently-labeled caveospheres form a modular system that shows high stability in biological fluids, specific uptake by target-positive cells, and can deliver proteins, drugs, DNA, and mRNA directly to the cytoplasm and nuclei of only the target cells. We demonstrate their application as a targeted transfection system for cells in culture, as a system to study endosomal escape, and critically, their efficacy in precision tumor killing in vivo.
Anyonization of bosons
Authors: Nägerl Hanns-Christoph , Dhar Sudipta , Wang Botao , Horvath Milena , Vashisht Amit , Zeng Yi , Zvonarev Mikhail , Goldman Nathan , Guo Yanliang , Landini Manuele
Published: February 2025

Anyons are low-dimensional quasiparticles that obey fractional statistics, hence interpolating between bosons and fermions. In two dimensions, they exist as elementary excitations of fractional
quantum Hall states and they are believed to enable topological quantum computing. One-dimensional (1D) anyons have been theoretically proposed, but their experimental realization has proven to be difficult. Here, we observe emergent anyonic correlations in a 1D strongly-interacting quantum gas, resulting from the phenomenon of spin-charge separation. A mobile impurity provides the necessary spin degree of freedom to engineer anyonic correlations in the charge sector and simultaneously acts as a probe to reveal these correlations. Starting with bosons, we tune the statistical phase to transmute bosons via anyons to fermions and observe an asymmetric momentum distribution, hallmark of anyonic correlations. Going beyond equilibrium conditions, we observe dynamical fermionization of the anyons. Our work opens up the door to the exploration of nonequilibrium anyonic phenomena in a highly controllable setting.
Rhaponticin inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells through modulation of the IL6/STAT3 signaling pathway
Authors: Wei Hongcheng , Wang Shanshan , Wan Jiayue , Li Sicheng , Wang Wei , Zhu Jiajun , Jiang Lin , Shao Yisen , Wu Yuan
Published: February 2025

Background: Rhaponticin, a bioactive compound derived from rhubarb, has been demonstrated anti-tumor effects in various types of cancer. However, its impact on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate the specific molecular mechanisms by which Rhaponticin inhibits the invasion and metastasis of HNSCC cells.
Method: The potential target genes that rhaponticin acts on in HNSCC were identified using online databases. The mechanisms by which rhaponticin influences the occurrence and progression of HNSCC were investigated through network pharmacology, molecular docking, bioinformatics analysis, and cellular experiments.
Result: Using network pharmacology, we identified 40 hub genes from the collected gene set. Subsequently, by analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data with four machine learning algorithms, we identified IL-6 as a potential target associated with the occurrence and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Based on the average expression level of IL-6, we classified the samples into high-expression and low-expression groups and conducted survival analysis. Our results indicated that IL-6 expression was significantly correlated with patient survival. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed that Rhaponticin might influence HNSCC via the IL6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Using the CIBERSORT algorithm, we assessed the differences in infiltration levels of 22 immune cell types between the high and low IL-6 expression groups. Our findings suggest that multiple immune cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of HNSCC. Additionally, we analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from the GEO database to compare IL6 expression levels in tumor and normal tissues and evaluated its prognostic impact using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Molecular docking studies demonstrated that Rhaponticin binds stably to IL6. In the experimental section, we used two HNSCC cell lines (CAL27 and SCC9) to investigate the effects of Rhaponticin. Our results showed that Rhaponticin effectively inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, and reduced the expression of proteins in the IL6/STAT3 signaling pathway.
Conclusion: Rhaponticin shows promise in treating HNSCC by inhibiting the IL6/STAT3 signaling pathway.
Efficacy of a New Selective Indole-based Histone Deacetylase 10 Inhibitor in Targeted Anticancer Therapy
Authors: Tarawneh Amer H. , Al-Trawneh Salah A. , Yesiloglu Talha Z. , Zessin Matthes , Robaa Dina , Barinka Cyril , Schutkowski Mike , Sippl Wolfgang , Ross Samir A.
Published: February 2025

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors represent a newer class of anti-cancer agents that play a key role in both epigenetic and non-epigenetic regulation, leading to cancer cell death, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest.. These inhibitors are being tested in numerous clinical trials against various diseases, including both hematological and solid malignancies. In the present study, we synthesized novel bicyclic hydroxamic acid derivatives and tested them in vitro against class I and IIb HDACs to investigate their inhibitory activity and selectivity. We demonstrate that compound 6 inhibits HDAC10 with high specificity over HDAC6, with no significant impact on class I HDACs. Compound 1 shows the best inhibitory activity against HDAC10, with IC50 0.41 ± 0.02 nM. Compound 4 revealed a preference toward HDAC6, with an IC50 value of 2.5 ± 0.3 nM. Compounds 2 and 3 demonstrated high selectivity toward class IIb over class I HDACs. Docking and molecular dynamics studies revealed that compound 1 fits well into the active site of HDAC10, forming stable and strong interactions with key residues F204, D94, W205, and E274 in HDAC10. In addition, we tested these compounds against a panel of four human solid tumor cell lines. Furthermore, non-cancerous kidney cell lines (LLC-PK1 and VERO) were employed to determine the anti-cell proliferative activity of these compounds toward noncancerous cells.
Impact of Aerobic Exercise on Cardiac Inflammatory Cytokines, Apoptotic Pathways, and Myocardial Preservation in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Rashidpour¹ Alireza , Piralaiy² Elaheh , Ismael¹ Badrkhan Rashwan , Hamidian³ Gholamreza , Naddafha⁴ Siavash
Published: February 2025

Background
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications, partially mediated by chronic inflammation and myocardial injury. This study aimed to investigate the Aerobic Exercise Reduces Cardiac Inflammation and Apoptosis in Diabetic Rats.
Methods
A total of 20 male Wistar rats (average weight: 240 ± 28 g) were randomly divided into four groups: diabetic exercise (Dia + Exe), healthy exercise (Heal + Exe), diabetic control (Dia + Con), and healthy control (Heal + Con). The Dia + Exe and Dia + Con groups were fed a diet consisting of 60% high-fat food for a specified duration before receiving intratracheal injections of streptozotocin to induce diabetes. The Dia + Exe and Heal + Exe groups underwent aerobic exercise on a treadmill at speeds ranging from 5 to 24 meters per minute for eight weeks. Levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were measured using ELISA, while caspase-3 activity was assessed via real-time PCR.
Results
Compared to the Heal + Con group, the diabetic control group (Dia + Con) displayed a notable elevation in TNF-α, IL-6, and caspase-3 levels (P ≤ 0.05), indicative of heightened inflammation and apoptosis. Conversely, the diabetic exercise group (Dia + Exe) that underwent aerobic exercise demonstrated a reduction in TNF-α, IL-6, and caspase-3 levels compared to the Dia + Con group (P ≤ 0.05).
Conclusion
The results of this study demonstrated that aerobic exercise could reduce inflammatory markers such as TNF-α, IL-6, and caspase-3, particularly in cardiac tissue. These findings underscore the potential of aerobic exercise as a non-pharmacological strategy to mitigate cardiac complications in diabetic patients.
Constructing synthetic nuclear architectures via transcriptional condensates in a DNA protonucleus
Authors: Walther Andreas , Xie Miao , Chen Weixiang , Roy Maria
Published: February 2025

Nuclear biomolecular condensates are essential sub-compartments within the cell nucleus and play key roles in transcription and RNA processing. Bottom-up construction of nuclear architectures in synthetic settings is non-trivial but vital for understanding the mechanisms of condensates in real cellular systems. Here, we present a facile and versatile synthetic DNA protonucleus (PN) platform that facilitates localized transcription of branched RNA motifs with kissing loops (KLs) for subsequent condensation into complex condensate architectures. We identify salinity, monomer feeding, and KL-PN interactions as key parameters to control co-transcriptional condensation of these KLs into diverse artificial nuclear patterns, including single and multiple condensates, interface condensates, and biphasic condensates. Over time, KL transcripts co-condense with the PN matrix, with the final architecture determined by their interactions, which can be precisely modulated using a short DNA invader strand that outcompetes these interactions. Our findings deepen the understanding of RNA condensation in nuclear environments and provide new strategies for designing functional nucleus-mimetic systems with precise architectural control.
Engineered virus-like particle-assembled VEGF-targeting Cas9 ribonucleoprotein treatment alleviates neovascularization in wet age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Wu Jun , Jang Hyewon , Kwak Hyunjong , Lee Seok Jae , Jo Dong Hyun , Kim Hyongbum Henry , Kim Jeong Hun
Published: February 2025

Background
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), particularly the wet form, is a leading cause of vision loss, characterized by abnormal blood vessel growth in the retina. Targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has proven effective in mitigating the disease. While knock-out VEGF expression using genome editing is a proven therapeutic strategy, conventional delivery systems such as adeno-associated virus (AAV) and lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) face limitations, including prolonged expression, potential genome integration, and reduced efficiency for macromolecule delivery. Engineered virus-like particles (eVLPs) offer an alternative, combining the efficiency of viral systems with the transient nature of non-viral platforms. Here, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of eVLPs for the transient delivery of VEGF-targeting Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) in a laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (LI-CNV) mouse model of wet AMD.
Methods
EVLPs were produced by co-transfecting HEK293T cells with plasmids encoding VSV-G, MMLVgag–pro–pol, MMLVgag–3xNES–Cas9, and gN19-Vegfa sgRNA. The delivery efficiency and VEGF disruption were initially assessed in NIH/3T3 cells through immunocytochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and deep sequencing. In vivo, Cas9-eVLPs were administered to the LI-CNV mouse model to evaluate the delivery efficiency and therapeutic efficacy. Insertion and deletion (INDEL) frequency, VEGF expression change, therapeutic efficacy, and safety issus were evaluated using deep sequencing, ELISA, histological analyses, and ocular functional tests.
Results
Cas9-eVLPs demonstrated efficient intracellular delivery in vitro, achieving up to 99% indel frequency at the VEGF target locus and significant VEGF downregulation without cytotoxicity. Single subretinal injection of Cas9-eVLPs into the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) effectively disrupted VEGF, with expression nearly abolished by day seven. In LI-CNV mouse model, this intervention reduced CNV area and volume by 32.9% and 26.5%, respectively, while significantly decreasing VEGF protein levels in the RPE. Furthermore, Cas9-eVLPs delivery did not cause any retinal anatomical or functional toxicity.
Conclusion
This study highlights the potential of eVLPs as a safe and efficient delivery platform for Cas9 RNPs, achieving precise VEGF knockout and significant reductions in neovascularization in a mouse model of wet AMD. With transient Cas9 expression, high editing efficiency, and minimal risk of genomic integration, eVLPs present a promising alternative to conventional delivery systems for advancing genome editing therapies.