bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifikasi bakteri di mangrove Desa Sawohan Sidoarjo sebagai agen bioremediasi dari pencemaran logam berat
Authors: Rohmayani Vella , Romadhon Nurhidayatullah , Ichda Holly , Arimurti Anindita Riesti Retno , Shidqi Mohammad Taufiq , Wikanta Wiwi
Published: September 2024

Background: Remediation of heavy metal pollutants using bacteria is currently being carried out due to high levels of heavy metal pollution (Cu and Hg) in ecosystems, mainly due to industrial growth, encouraging remediation research using bacteria. The toxic effects of heavy metals on living things and the environment need to be addressed.Objective: This study aims to identify and analyze the potential of indigenous bacteria from mangrove sediments in Sawohan Sidoarjo Village in reducing Cu and Hg heavy metal levels in vitro.Method: This research is included in explorative descriptive research. This research was conducted at the UMSurabaya microbiology laboratory, in July – November 2023. Isolation is carried out by pour plate method and purified using streak plate method on Nutrient Agar medium. Initial screening of bacteria using Nutrient Agar medium with the addition of Cu and Hg metals as much as 100, 250, 350 and 500 ppm. Measurement of the potential of bacteria in reducing Cu and Hg metal levels was carried out on SSA medium (Salmonella shigela agar) using the Langmuir method. The results of bacterial isolation from mangrove sediments obtained 9 isolates used to test the degradation ability of heavy metals Cu and Hg.Result: U Heavy metal degradation test showed that the 9 isolates were able to degrade Cu and Hg heavy metals. T1 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa species, with Gram negative characteristics, have the highest reduction ability with Cu reduction power of 82% and Hg metal of 72,61%.Conclusion: H Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria from mangrove sediments has the ability as a bioremediation agent of heavy metals Cu and Hg from ecosystems.
Pengaruh modul anemia anak dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap kader kesehatan
Authors: Retnaningsih Yuliantisari , Djanah Nur , Sukani Sukani
Published: September 2024

Background: Globally it is estimated that 40% of all children aged 6-59 months are affected by anemia. Anemia is not a disease but rather a reflection of the condition of a disease or impaired body function. The real impact of nutritional anemia on the quality of human resources. Especially in children under five, children will be more susceptible to disease due to decreased immune system. The role of health cadres is needed for mothers and toddlers in the form of assistance and health education.Objectives: This research aims to determine the effect of Health Education with module of child anemia to improve the knowledge and attitudes of health cadres.Methods: Quasi i-experimental type with a pre-post test control group design. The sample were health cadres in the Dlingo II Bantul Community Health Center, 30 respondents intervention group and 30 respondents control group. The sampling technique was cluster random sampling.Results: The results of the analysis showed that after treatment there was a significant increase in knowledge and attitudes in the intervention group (p=0,000) and the control group (p=0,001). There was a significant difference between the intervention group and the control group on the variables of knowledge (p = 0,032) and attitude (p = 0,026).Conclusion: Health education through modules is more effective than using leaflets in improving the knowledge and attitudes of cadres about anemia in children. KeywordsModule, Anemia, Health Cadres, Knowledge, Attitude
Review literatur: Pengaruh media booklet dalam edukasi gizi pada pasien malnutrisi
Authors: Amelia Siska , Sinaga Wina , Mudjihartini Ninik
Published: September 2024

Background: Management of malnourished patients involves a process of nutritional counseling and education with the aim of increasing knowledge, food intake and nutritional status to help improve the patient's health.  As a form of non-video media, booklets contain educational material accompanied by graphic illustrations to help understand malnutrition patients.Objectives: This article aims to conduct literature reviews that explains the influence of booklets as a communication medium in the process of nutritional counseling and education and its impact on malnourished patients.Methods: The research design is of literature review on English language articles between 2013-2023, which were published in the most reputable journals in the field of nutrition (Nutrition Science) with the highest H-5 index. Search for articles via the internet from the PubMed database using the keywords malnutrition OR nutrition counseling OR nutrition education OR nutrition communications OR nutrition media OR nutrition booklet. To complete the results data, a search was also carried out for relevant Indonesian language literature to support elaboration and analysis.Results: 26 articles have been obtained discussing topics in the scope of malnutrition, nutritional counseling and education as well as related to the use of booklets as a media for nutritional education. Various previous research results state that selecting communication media and understanding the theory of changing individual health attitudes and behavior is an important part of the nutritional education and counseling process, where medical personnel must be able to build effective communication with malnourished patients. Booklets are a concise and practical communication medium for patients to read again, so they are proven to increase the effectiveness of patients' learning experiences and understandingConclusion: Booklets are an effective non-video media option and have a positive impact on improving the nutritional status of malnourished patients. It is recommended that stakeholders in health sector maximize the use of booklet media in nutritional counseling and education activities to help reduce the problem of malnutrition in Indonesia.
Peningkatan daya terima dan efektivitas makanan tambahan untuk balita melalui formula sereal siap seduh
Authors: Rotua Manuntun , Sihite Nathasa Weisdania
Published: September 2024

Background: Wasting is a nutritional deficiency issue experienced by toddlers. Providing supplementary food is one effective way to improve the nutritional status of children. This cereal, made from tempeh flour and kepok bananas, is a suitable choice for enhancing the nutritional content of cereal, especially its protein.Objectives: The aim of this research was to determine the acceptability and nutritional content.Methods: The research design used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one control (FO) and three formulas (F1, F2, and F3) with percentages of 10%, 25%, and 50%. Organoleptic testing was conducted at the Food Technology Laboratory of Poltekkes Kemenkes Palembang, while nutritional analysis was carried out at the Saraswanti Indo Genetech Laboratory in Bogor. The research was conducted from June to November 2023. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney test.Results: The selected cereal was F2 (tempeh flour 25 grams, banana flour 25 grams) with proximate test results per 100 grams (energy 498 Kcal, protein 21,2%, fat 24,91%, carbohydrates 47,3%, ash content 2,98%, moisture content 3,6%). There weredifferences in aroma, color, taste, texture, and aftertaste criteria (p-value<0,05). The three formulas (F1, F2, and F3) in taste criteria (p-value<0,05), while in aroma, color, texture, and aftertaste criteria, differences were found between only 2 formulas.Conclusion: The treatment formulas showed differences, especially in the taste criteria. F2 was selected as the preferred cereal formula through hedonik testing. Cereal F2 serves as an alternative supplementary food for toddlers with digestive problems or difficulty chewing, as it is practical, easy to serve, and cost-effective.
Pengaruh media video, poster, dan cermin edukasi terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap penjamah makanan konsumen: Tinjauan literatur sistematis
Authors: Luthfianti Salma , Kurniasari Ratih , Andriani Eka
Published: September 2024

Background:Food is a basic human necessity for survival. The existence of food handlers provides an important role in maintaining food quality.  Food consumed must meet safety standards so as not to pose a health risk. So knowledge about personal hygiene and food sanitation is needed to be key in preventing the risk of contamination. Food handlers should gain increased knowledge and behavior through education to prevent health risks caused by lack of knowledgeObjectives: This study aims to explore the influence of education related to hygiene and sanitation through the media of videos, posters, and educational mirrors on increasing knowledge and attitudes of food handlers.Methods: This study uses the SLR method of special research design sourced from google scholar and, Pubmed from the last 10 years using inclusion and exclusion criteria in this study following the approach of Population / Problem, Intervention, Comparison Outcome and Study design type (PICOS).Results: The results included three articles that assessed the effects of education using video communication media, posters, and educational mirrors on improving the knowledge and attitudes of food handlers. The installation of personal hygiene posters is effective in all age groups, while visual media such as videos have a significant positive impact with visual media having a positive impact on increasing one's knowledge by 75%-87%.Conclusion: Education through media through the media of videos, posters, and educational mirrors can help increase the knowledge and attitude of food handlers, support safety and hygiene in food provision KeywordsHygiene education, communication media, knowledge and attitudes of food handlers
Pengaruh media video tentang obesitas terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap remaja
Authors: Mulyani Nunung Sri , Nisa Putri
Published: September 2024

Background: The incidence of stunting among children under five in Indonesia still exceeds the target set by WHO. Efforts to increase cadress knowledge about stunting by providing health education using video media and e-leaflets. Information conveyed using media will speed up comprehension by 50%.Objectives: This study aims to measure the effect of education through animated video media and e-leaflets on early stunting detection behavior.Methods: This research used a quasi experimental pre-post test design with control group. The research was conducted at the Community Health Center in Bengkulu city from December 2023 to February 2024. The treatment given to the intervention group used an animated video media and to the control group used an e-leaflet media. With a sample of 36 people. Research data was collected during the pre-test and post-test. Data analysis was carried out using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and the Mann Whitney Test.Results: The research results show the influence of animated video media on the knowledge, attitudes and skills of posyandu cadres in early detection of stunting (p-value <0,05).Conclusion: Animated video media and e-leaflets can increase the knowledge, attitudes and skills of posyandu cadres to detect stunting, but with animated video media changes in knowledge, attitudes and skills of posyandu cadres are higher.
Analisis senyawa kimia dan uji antihiperglikemia daun petai cina (Leucaena leucocephala) dari kawasan geotermal Ie Seum Aceh Besar
Authors: Zakiah Noni , Munira Munira , Pamudi Berwi Fazri , Nasir Muhammad , Frengki Frengki , Halimatussakdiah Halimatussakdiah
Published: September 2024

Background: Hyperglycemia can cause serious complications due to the side effects of synthetic drugs used. Traditional medicines, such as petai cina, which contain secondary metabolite compounds like flavonoids, saponins, and steroids, have antidiabetic potential.Objectives: Hyperglycemia can cause serious complications due to the side effects of synthetic drugs used. Traditional medicines, such as petai cina, which contain secondary metabolite compounds like flavonoids, saponins, and steroids, have antidiabetic potential.Methods: This experimental research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 11 treatments: Na CMC, glibenclamide, and ethanol, ethyl acetate, and N hexane extracts of petai cina leaves at doses of 200 mg/kg BW, 400 mg/kg BW, and 600 mg/kg BW each. Each treatment was repeated five times.Results: Phytochemical screening showed that petai cina leaf extract contains phenolics, flavonoids, steroids, and saponins. GC-MS tests identified antidiabetic compounds such as phytol, squalene, and octacosanol. The antihyperglycemic test showed a significant decrease in blood sugar levels in rats after administration of petai cina leaf extract (P = 0,00). The decrease in blood sugar levels increased over time after the extract was given.Conclusion: Chinese petai leaf extract sourced from the Ie Seum Aceh Besar geothermal area exhibits an antihyperglycemic effect on male rats. KeywordsAntihyperglycemic, Leucaena leucocephala, geothermal, Diabetes, Traditional medicine
Non-stationary inverse filter
Authors:   Volga State University of Technology, 424000, Russia, Yoshkar-Ola, Lenin sq., 3, Khafizov R.G. , Salikhova L.M. ,   Volga State University of Technology, 424000, Russia, Yoshkar-Ola, Lenin sq., 3, Mertvishchev A.S. ,   Volga State University of Technology, 424000, Russia, Yoshkar-Ola, Lenin sq., 3
Published: September 2024

In this paper, an approach is proposed to solve the problem of critical components in the signal spectrum while synthesizing an inverse filter using the basis correction method. By using correction, it is possible to avoid the "division by zero" error when processing signals with critical components in their spectrum. It has been shown that the resulting inverse filter has the property of non-stationarity in such cases.
Hormonal and Allosteric Regulation of the Luteinizing Hormone/Chorionic Gonadotropin Receptor
Authors: Shpakov Alexander O.
Published: September 2024

Luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (CG), like follicle-stimulating hormone, are the most important regulators of the reproductive system. They exert their effect on the cell through the LH/CG receptor (LHCGR), which belongs to the family of G protein-coupled receptors. Binding to gonadotropin induces the interaction of LHCGR with various types of heterotrimeric G proteins (Gs, Gq/11, Gi) and β-arrestins, which leads to stimulation (Gs) or inhibition (Gi) of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent cascades, activation of the phospholipase pathway (Gq/11), and also to the formation of signalosomes that mediate the stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (β-arrestins). The efficiency and selectivity of activation of intracellular cascades by different gonadotropins varies, which is due to differences in their interaction with the ligand-binding site of LHCGR. Gonadotropin signaling largely depends on the status of N- and O-glycosylation of LH and CG, on the formation of homo- and heterodimeric receptor complexes, on the cell-specific microenvironment of LHCGR and the presence of autoantibodies to it, and allosteric mechanisms are important in the implementation of these influences, which is due to the multiplicity of allosteric sites in different loci of the LHCGR. The development of low-molecular-weight allosteric regulators of LHCGR with different profiles of pharmacological activity, which can be used in medicine for the correction of reproductive disorders and in assisted reproductive technologies, is promising. These and other issues regarding the hormonal and allosteric regulation of LHCGR are summarized and discussed in this review.
β-Adrenoceptor Signaling Activation Improves Bladder Fibrosis by Inhibiting Extracellular Matrix Deposition of Bladder Outlet Obstruction
Authors: Lai Junyu , Chen Guo , Su Hongwei , He Qing , Xiao Kaiwen , Liao Banghua , Ai Jianzhong
Published: September 2024

Background: Partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO) causes deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), promotes bladder fibrosis, and decreases bladder compliance. Methods: To investigate the effect of β-adrenoceptor (ADRB) on the ECM deposition of pBOO rat model and explore its underlying mechanism, human bladder smooth muscle cells (hBSMCs) were exposed to the pathological hydrostatic pressure (100 cm H2O) for 6 h, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting were employed. Then the rats of sham operation and pBOO model were treated with vehicle or ADRB agonists for 3 weeks, and the alterations of the bladder were observed via Masson staining and immunohistochemical analysis. Results: 100 cm H2O hydrostatic pressure significantly upregulated the expression of collagen I (COL1), collagen III (COL3) and fibronectin (FN), and downregulated the expression of ADRB2 and ADRB3 of hBSMCs at 6 h. The agonists of ADRB2 and ADRB3, Formoterol and BRL 37344, decreased COL1 and FN expression of hBSMCs under 100 cm H2O for 6 h compared with the cells exposed to hydrostatic pressure only. As the classic downstream pathways of ADRB, the EPAC pathway inhibited COL1 and FN expression of hBSMCs via regulating SMAD3 and SMAD2 activities, respectively. In pBOO rats, Procaterol (ADRB2 agonist), and Mirabegron (ADRB3 agonist) inhibited the formation of collagen and decreased the expression of FN and COL1 in the bladders of pBOO rats. Conclusions: The bladder fibrosis of pBOO and deposition of hBSMCs ECM under hydrostatic pressure were regulated by ADRB2, and ADRB3 via EPAC/SMAD2/FN and EPAC/SMAD3/COL1 pathways, these findings pave an avenue for effective treatment of pBOO.
Toll-Like Receptor 2 Deficiency Exacerbates Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Intestinal Injury through Marinifilaceae-Dependent Attenuation of Cell Cycle Signaling
Authors: Shi Yun-Jie , Sheng Kai-Wen , Zhao Hai-Nan , Liu Cong , Wang Hao
Published: September 2024

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an intestinal disorder marked by chronic, recurring inflammation, yet its underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Methods: The current research dealt with examining the biological impacts of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-triggered inflammation in the intestines of wild-type (WT) and TLR2-knockout (TLR2-KO) colitis mouse models. To elucidate the protective function of TLR2 in DSS-triggered colitis, RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) was carried out to compare the global gene expression data in the gut of WT and TLR2-KO mice. Further, 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed notable variations in gut microbiota composition between WT and TLR2-KO colitis mice. Results: It was revealed that TLR2-KO mice exhibited increased susceptibility to DSS-triggered colitis. RNA-Seq results demonstrated that cell cycle pathway-related genes were notably downregulated in TLR2-KO colitis mice (enrichment score = 30, p < 0.001). 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that in comparison to the WT colitis mice, the relative abundance of Marinifilacea (p = 0.006), Rikenellacea (p = 0.005), Desulfovibrionaceae (p = 0.045), Tannerellaceae (p = 0.038), Ruminococcaceae (p = 0.003), Clostridia (p = 0.027), and Mycoplasmataceae (p = 0.0009) was significantly increased at the family level in the gut of TLR2-KO colitis mice. In addition, microbiome diversity-transcriptome collaboration analysis highlighted that the relative abundance of Marinifilaceae was negatively linked to the expression of cell cycle signaling-related genes (p values were all less than 0.001). Conclusion: Based on these findings, we concluded that TLR2-KO exacerbates DSS-triggered intestinal injury by mitigating cell cycle signaling in a Marinifilaceae-dependent manner.
CTRP9: An Anti-Atherosclerotic Factor in ApoE Knockout Mice through Oxidative Stress Inhibition
Authors: Guan Hua , Xu Hao , Yan Bin , Xiang Aoqi , Chen Xiaochang , Yu Qi , Xu Lixian
Published: September 2024

Background: C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-9 (CTRP9) is critically involved in the pathophysiology of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. This investigation aimed to clarify the mechanism underlying the role of CTRP9 in atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout (KO) mice. Methods: ApoE KO mice were fed a Western diet and injected with a virus which resulted in CTRP9 overexpression or knockdown for 12 weeks. The plasma lipid levels and atherosclerotic plaque areas were measured after the mice were euthanized. Aortas were isolated, and RNA sequencing was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes and related signaling pathways. Finally, plasma oxidative stress factors were measured to demonstrate the reliability of the RNA sequencing results. Results: The plasma lipid levels in the CTRP9 overexpression group did not significantly differ from those in the green fluorescence protein (GFP) group. Markablely, CTRP9 overexpression inhibited atherosclerotic plaque formation in ApoE KO mice, whereas CTRP9 knockdown promoted plaque formation. RNA sequencing analysis identified 3485 differentially expressed genes that were prominently enriched across 55 signaling pathways. Additionally, plasma oxidative stress factors were significantly reduced after CTRP9 overexpression, whereas these factors were increased after CTRP9 knockdown, which was consistent with the results of the RNA sequencing analysis. Conclusions: These findings demonstrated that CTRP9 alleviated inflammation and cholesterol metabolism, which reduced oxidative stress in an atherosclerotic animal model. These beneficial effects may mediate the suppression of lesion development in the aorta.
M.R. Štefánik ― Organizer of the Czecho-Slovak Army
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moshechkov Petr
Published: September 2024

The article deals with the study of the contribution to the creation of the Czecho-Slovak army that was made by the famous Slovak astronomer and politician Milan Rastislav Štefánik. It is also devoted to his participation in the activity of the Czecho-Slovak National Council to resolve the issue of transferring Czech and Slovak prisoners of war from Russia to France, and the subsequent search for manpower for the organization of Czecho-Slovak troops in all states of the Entente with significant Czech and Slovak presence. Mention should be made of the fact that this subject has become of current importance in connection with the 100th anniversaries of the beginning of the World War I (2014) and the formation of the independent Czechoslovak Republic (2018). Contemporary Czech and Slovak historiography contains a considerable layer of publications that among other themes dwell on the participation of M.R. Štefánik in the activities of Czecho-Slovak National Council on the organization of Czecho-Slovak armed formations in the territory of the French Republic and the Kingdom of Italy. At the same time, in Russian scientific literature the last problem is generally glanced over. The study showed that M.R. Štefánik, undoubtedly, played a significant role both in the Czecho-Slovak action abroad and in the organization of Czecho-Slovak military units. He proved himself to be a talented diplomat, achieving the signing of an agreement on the creation of Czecho-Slovak units in Italy and the acknowledgement of the unity of the Czecho-Slovak army in France and Italy in political sense. Due to Štefánik’s missions the reinforcement of the Czecho-Slovak army by the Czech and Slovak prisoners of war from the Kingdom of Italy became possible. The creation of this army was a significant factor in ensuring the independence of Czecho-Slovakia once it was proclaimed.
[Review]. Pascal A.D. Catalogue of Slavic Manuscripts of Moldavian and Wallachian Origin in the Сollections of Manuscript Department of the RSL. Moscow: Pashkov dom, 2024. Iss. 1. Collection of P.A. Ovchinnikov. 359 p. ISBN 978-5-7510-0884-0
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Polonski Dmitri
Published: September 2024

In 2024 the first issue of the catalogue of Slavic manuscript books of Moldavian and Wallachian origin stored in Moscow in the Manuscripts Department of the Russian State Library was published. The author of the catalogue is a well-known researcher of Slavic-Romanian and Slavic-Moldavian cultural relations, historian and archaeographer Alexander Dmitrievich Pascal. The catalogue presents descriptions of 22 liturgical, theological and other codices and their fragments of the 15th–17th centuries, identified by A.D. Pascal in the manuscript collection of Pyotr Alexeevich Ovchinnikov (1843–1912), an Old Believer merchant who actively collected Slavic literary works. The uniqueness of the catalog and the interest of this work for Slavic studies are determined by the fact that large collections of monuments of Slavic-Moldavian and Slavic-Romanian books in Russia, have not previously been described in detail on a systematic basis. This review examines the composition of the edition, the structure of the descriptions in the catalogue, and the features of some interesting manuscripts. A few aspects of the edition, which, in the reviewer's opinion, are controversial, are pointed out. In addition to detailed analytical descriptions of the codices, the catalogue deserves special attention of readers with illustrations showing samples of medieval scribes' handwriting and manuscript ornamentation. In general, the catalogue of manuscripts prepared by A.D. Pascal is a valuable and interesting scientific publication for scholars of Slavic studies of different specialties (i.e. historians, philologists, art historians), who in the course of their research turn to manuscripts of the Middle Ages and Early Modern times. The review concludes with a wish to continue the next editions of the catalogue of manuscripts both Slavic-Moldavian and Slavic-Romanian origin from the vast collections of the Russian State Library.
Building an Inclusive Culture at Scientific Meetings: Foundations for Future Progress
Authors: Khan C M Anjam , Maringer Kevin , Cunningham-Oakes Edward , Lane Ffion , Jones Kirsty , de Oliveira Bruno Francesco Rodrigues , Baba-Dikwa Aisha , Mitra Arindam , Perez-Sepulveda Blanca , Macori Guerrino , Donovan-Banfield1 I’ah , Vohra Prerna , Casey Rowan , Nepal Roshan , Chappell Callie R.
Published: September 2024

Scientific meetings and conferences play a crucial role in knowledge dissemination, fostering collaborations, professional development, and inspiring innovative research. However, their traditional structure and organisation have remained largely unchanged, perpetuating barriers that continue to exclude scientists from under-represented groups. In response, the Microbiology Society has begun its journey to address these longstanding challenges, redesigning its meetings to create a more inclusive culture and a welcoming environment for all participants.
What you don't know can hurt others. A systematic review on calibration of electrical stimuli in pain research
Authors: Badzińska Julia , Żegleń Magdalena , Kryst Łukasz , Babel Przemysław
Published: September 2024

Calibration of pain stimuli is critical in experimental pain research because it makes it possible to adjust stimulus intensity to match individual pain sensitivity. Despite its importance, there is a lack of precise descriptions of calibration procedures in the literature, thus the ability to replicate studies is effectively hindered. This systematic review aims to fill this gap by evaluating and categorizing calibration methods used in pain studies involving electrodermal stimuli in healthy adult volunteers. A search of nine databases identified 51 relevant articles published between 2018 and 2024, which were analyzed in regard to calibration methods and their effectiveness. The review identified two main calibration methods, namely the method of limits and the staircase method, along with three techniques, namely increasing, decreasing, and random calibration. The findings reveal that 69% of studies did not verify the effectiveness of their calibration processes. Among those that did, varying degrees of success were observed. The increasing calibration technique was less precise, while combined ascending and pseudo-random calibration offered better matching of stimulus intensity but still required optimization. The review suggests that more-complex calibration methods that combine different techniques may be necessary to improve accuracy. Future research should focus on comparing these methods to identify the most effective approaches and explore factors influencing calibration success.
Developing the HEEBS (Hedonic, Eudaimonic, and Extrinsic Behaviour Scales)
Authors: Gardiner Angus Frederick , Grant Leigh David
Published: September 2024

For millennia, well-being has been conceived in two ways: eudaimonia, characterised by the virtuous striving towards true potentials, and hedonia, characterised by pleasure, fun, and happiness. Alternatively, some individuals seek well-being through extrinsic means, such as wealth, fame, or power. Whilst scales exist to compare these three categories in terms of motivations for behaviours, there is no scale for comparing these categories in terms of actual behaviours, independent of motivation and experience. Developing these scales is important because well-being is partly shaped by our behaviours, not simply by the intensity and quality of our motivations or experiences of those behaviours. The Hedonic, Eudaimonic and Extrinsic Activity Model (HEXAM) is proposed, extending the Eudaimonic Activity Model by integrating hedonic and extrinsic practices in line with theory. A pool of 85 behavioural items was developed and administered to a test sample of 303 participants. Factors contributing to eudaimonic, hedonic, and extrinsic behaviour were extracted, and compared to well-being outcome indexes and motivational scales. Future directions include the assessment of the HEXAM in a confirmatory factor analysis study, and integrating the roles of age, gender, personality, and socio-cultural context into the model.
Impact of Online Learning Platforms on Academic Performance: A Case Study of Rural Schools in Bangladesh
Authors: Juty Salma Akter
Published: September 2024

The study investigates the influence of e-learning platforms in promoting academic efficiency among Bangladeshi rural students by utilizing a paper-based questionnaire on educational ICT and the e-learning experience. The study uses a mixed method through a survey and interview to determine how the online learning platform has been used, its impact, and the challenges the organization might have faced. More specifically, the study intends to identify the level of adoption of online learning platforms in contrast to those in rural schools, along with measuring how online learning platforms affect student examination performance and investigate what problems both rural teachers and students encounter in these deprived areas. This article uses mixed methods to achieve this aim: quantitative academic records and qualitative data from interviews and surveys of students, teachers, and administrators in rural schools in selected parts of Bangladesh.The study established that teachers from rural schools used online learning platforms with significant outcomes towards student academic performance. Still, it points to a list of issues like multiple device access, poor content, and the lack of in-the-moment support for e-skills. Although those are high barriers to overcome, this evidence suggests that such infrastructure and support could improve educational outcomes in rural areas with online learning platforms.Overall, this articulation has effectively brought out the nature of the use of online learning platforms in rural education and provided the grounds that make it successful.
Prioritizing Safety, Advancing Efficiency: Developing a New Total Phosphorous Microwave Digestion Method for Sediment Core Nutrient Analysis
Authors: Martinez Keeley , Liston Anne , Hammel Tina , Sesma Steven , Fillmore Helen , Sadro Steven
Published: September 2024

Long-term datasets are invaluable resources for understanding broad-level temporal patterns in ecosystems. For over two decades, UC Davis and Lake County Water Resources Department have collaborated on a long-term monitoring project of Clear Lake sediment nutrient concentrations, in an effort to better understand nutrient cycling in Clear Lake. When the need for a new total phosphorus digestion method arose, it was paramount to develop a method that was both more efficient and safer than the previous method while maintaining continuity with the long-term dataset through the calculation of a conversion factor. This white paper details the development and validation of a new total phosphorous digestion method for sediment samples, as well as the calculation of a conversion factor. Our major findings are: 1. The historic and new methods were highly correlated but significantly different. 2. A regression analysis model provided a robust method to convert data between both methods. 3. Both methods produce consistent and acceptable recoveries using a standard reference material.
Of Hidden Springs and Endless Oceans
Authors: Sladky Ronald
Published: September 2024

In the wake of the active inference framework, two popular theories of consciousness high-light the relevance of insular cortex for interoceptive self-modeling (Fermin et al., 2022; Seth, 2021) and subcortical brain regions for qualitative experience (Solms, 2021). Both provide a compelling ecological argument for integrated conscious experience, i.e., self-organization of complex organisms with optimization goals that are usually parallel, multifaceted, and hard to reconcile. Computationally, both theories require some kind of self-model as basis, which could contradict credible reports of minimal phenomenal experience (MPE) (Metzinger, 2024). However, duality of conscious experience could be explained by a neuroscientific theo-ry of two distinct brain networks emerging from different neurodevelopmental pathways, leading to marked differences in cytoarchitecture and function (Luu et al., 2024; Sanides, 1962). System-A, originating from an olfactory system and amygdala-centered expansion gradient towards ventral cortex, could enable interoceptive self-modeling for habitual interac-tions with the body and the world. System-H, hippocampus-centered towards dorsal cortex, could enable less egocentric forms of cognition and experience. In this sense, MPE could be a less salient/habitual form of experience, when neither interoceptive/exteroceptive prediction errors nor spontaneous episodic memory reactivation provide self-referential engagement of System-A. System-H, if not operating on content, could give rise to self-less experience of the world as such.
Prospective associations between peer victimization in adolescence and later parenting: Self-esteem and internalizing problems as pathways
Authors: Wiertsema Maria , Kretschmer Tina , Vrijen Charlotte , Hartman Catharina , van der Ploeg Rozemarijn
Published: September 2024

We examined to what extent peer victimization in early adolescence was associated with self-esteem and internalizing problems in late adolescence and whether these, in turn, explained variation in later parenting. We used longitudinal data from the TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS) and its next-generation spin-off study (TRAILS NEXT) to model links between peer victimization reported by individuals themselves, their parents, and their peers at age 11, self-esteem and internalizing problems at age 19, and parental stress and self-efficacy ~10 years later. The used subsample consisted of n = 199 parents (79% female, mean age = 30.48 when offspring were 30 months old) with n = 273 children. Internalizing problems at age 19 were significantly linked to parental stress in all models. We found no evidence of indirect effects of peer victimization at age 11 predicting later parental stress or self-efficacy via self-esteem and internalizing problems at age 19 when adjusting for stability in self-esteem and internalizing problems at age 11. These findings highlight the importance to consider parents’ developmental histories when examining variation in parenting, but severity and chronicity of peer victimization need to be taken into account to elucidate replicable pathways.
How to deal with the unknown: How does ChatGPT manage novel derived words?
Authors: Amenta Simona , Marelli Marco
Published: September 2024

Here we explore whether ChatGPT can provide definitions for novel derived words, and to what extent it is able to capture their degree of perceived meaningfulness, as estimated by human speakers. Whereas the produced definitions are largely sensible, ChatGPT predictions about meaningfulness do not align well with the human ones: not only ChatGPT is outperformed by an older, much simpler, cognitively-oriented model; its predictions are also shown to mostly rely on affixes not considering the actual combinations of morpheme meanings, making it at odds with human speakers. Novel words represent an interesting challenge for large-language-models.
General Economic Theory and the Emergence of Theories of Economic Development
Authors: Arrow Kenneth J.
Published: September 2024

Not Available.
Some Theoretical Considerations of Optimal Taxation in the Light of Economic Efficiency Criterion
Authors: Kansakar Dev Ratna
Published: September 2024

Not Available.
Commercial Banks and Rural Development in Nepal
Authors: Yadav Ram P.
Published: September 2024

Not Available.
Financial Deepening as a Prerequisite to Investment Growth- The Case of Nepal
Authors: Thornton John
Published: September 2024

Not Available.
An Approach for Evaluation of Bio-gas Programme Development in Nepal
Authors: Rijal Kamal
Published: September 2024

Not Available.
Saving in Nepal- A Missing Link in Development
Authors: Rajbanshi Girija Shankar
Published: September 2024

Not Available.
Implementing the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in Nepal: Evidences from the Rural Municipalities
Authors: Sapkota Tikaram
Published: September 2024

United Nations: Conventions on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2006, Disability Right Act, 2017 and Accessibility Standard Building Codes, 1998, have directed for improving physical accessibility, and ensuring access of manageable infrastructure including public and private buildings, transportation and communication to create a barrier-free environment for the persons with disabilities. However, implementation of these policies are still questioned and discussed in Nepal. Engaging the provisions mandated by the policies, the research has tried to explore the status of policy implementation disability right in rural setting, Nepal. The research has employed the human rights theory to encompass the motto “…each and every born human being has inherent dignity” and adopted principles of CRPD. The study has examined the execution of accessibility policies for persons with disabilities in Tarakhola and Badigad Rural Municipalities of Baglung district, Nepal in particular. The paper has followed descriptive research design and exploratory research methods investigating a problem that is not well defined. The data was collected taking responses of municipal authorities via accessibility checklists prepared, as per the parameters of universal design, 1990. The research found that both rural municipalities lacked proper accessibility as guided by the policies like need of proper signage and information, lack of sign language interpreters, inadequate toilet facilities, and lack of proper disaster management mechanism. The conclusion was drawn that both rural municipalities have taken steps towards improving accessibility, but they are insufficient as per the needs of the persons with disability. To fully implement the policies, it is recommended to modify existing and construct forthcoming infrastructures with full disability friendly environment. The findings of the study suggest that both local bodies need to collaborate with disability organizations to get more ideas of inclusivity and compliance with national and international accessibility standards.
Modernity in Indian Novels: A Struggle for India’s Independence and Globalization
Authors: Regmi Bhimnath
Published: September 2024

Indian literature, both inside and outside India, produced by various writers has an inner reflection of the Indus Valley Civilization and Vedic tradition, and also covers a wide range of contemporary thoughts. The majority of Indian literature produced in English, although there are collections of works that have been translated from Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, Hindi, and other regional dialects, has a creative tradition. There is a movement among contemporary Indian writers to transform traditional India into modern India, which has inspired readers to make significant changes in their personal and professional lives. Every phase of an individual’s life is experimented with to deal with Indian civilization, ‘chutnification’ and weaving. This paper examines how India’s struggle for independence and the consequence of globalization added to modernity, and explores the interplay of tradition and innovation within Indian literary modernism. Prominent English writers who have migrated to the West have sliced modern human beings on the pages of literature, and made several attempts to connect their roots to the secular ideologies that are prevalent in India, and Indian ideas of a secular state can serve as a remedy for the current issues with people-centric politics.
Class, Marriage and Conflict in Alice Munro's "The Beggar Maid": A Marxist Approach
Authors: Ahmed Sayeef
Published: September 2024

‘Class’ and ‘conflict’ are two inevitable and inseparable components of a society. Marx (1848) theorized and postulated that in society conflict is inevitable because of the existence of various classes. Different classes of society clash over the possession of power and limited resources. If a family, especially a married couple where two spouses are deemed as two different social classes, is considered a microcosm of society, conflict is an expected and inevitable phenomenon within a marital context. Now, it can be conceptualized that conflict occurs in a marriage since the family is a micro-unit of society, and this conflict leads to the divorce of the couple. However, now the question remains, does conflict occur in a marriage for the possession of power and resources as it happens in the case of a society, or whether there are other factors contributing to the conflict, and whether conflict is the only or chief reason for divorce of couples. This study, through the lens of Marx’s conflict theory, has tried to investigate whether the struggle over the possession of resources and power is the reason for the conflict between the two major characters of Alice Munro’s short story “The Beggar Maid” or whether other factors are contributing to their conflict, and also whether the conflict is the sole or main reason for the divorce between the two chief characters, Patrick and Rose. Arguably, the singular cause of the divorce of the two characters, Rose and Patrick, of Alice Munro’s short story “The Beggar Maid” is a conflict that stemmed from the incompatibility, disagreements, disparity in priorities, and lack of commitment arising from class division and the polarized state of the characters.
‘A Particular Kind of Job’
Authors: Longmuir Amy
Published: September 2024

The Programme for the Reform of the Law on Soliciting (PROS), active between 1976 and 1982, campaigned for the legalisation and destigmatising of sex work in Britain. Their campaign started, and thus centred on Birmingham and the Midlands, but quickly expanded to Britain’s major cities, including Bristol, Manchester, and Sheffield. This article examines their grassroots organising for political and legal change, effected most obviously in 1979 when PROS were consulted by the House of Commons Expenditure Committee. PROS negotiated not only cultural prejudices against sex workers but the illegality of soliciting, demonstrating their ability to work across a large section of society, gaining support from a number of organisations, whilst including lawyers, social workers, and probation officers alongside sex workers on their committee. Their focus on improving sex workers’ rights also led them to a contentious relationship with the British Women’s Liberation Movement (BWLM), and although sex work was not considered a high priority by the movement’s socialist-feminist strand, this article argues that PROS engaged with the BWLM at certain strategic points to improve their campaigning position, and thus the legal status of sex workers, at a provincial, grassroots level.
Funding Acknowledgement
This research was supported by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (Grant number: AH/R012776/1).
On the Doorstep
Authors: Steedman Carolyn
Published: September 2024

I discuss the disjuncture between supervising generations of students in the Warwick History Department who used the Modern Records Centre collections for research, and finally using the University archives myself for the purposes of researching how social history came to Warwick. I reflect on the role of administrative records - the University of Warwick’s own administrative records sequence (the ‘UWA’) held at the MRC in particular - and the role and identity of the worker within them. I further explore the relationship between Thompson and his research assistant E. E. Dodds, illuminating the ‘making of history’ through the use of paid work, which comes to light through the correspondence between them held as part of the University’s administrative records.
Using the Modern Records Centre as an Undergraduate
Authors: Belcher Nia
Published: September 2024

The Modern Records Centre holds material from the Chile Solidarity Campaign and that which relates to the experience of Chilean refugees in the aftermath of the 1973 coup d'état which overthrew Salvador Allende. In this critical reflection, I will discuss my experience of using the Modern Records Centre as an undergraduate participating in the EUTOPIA Legal History Connected Learning Community (CoLeCo). This reflection aims to share my experience of using a digitised archival collection to research the experience of refugees who fled to the UK and to gauge the differing levels of support for this group. This reflection should enable a greater understanding of the benefits that digitised archival collections have for undergraduate students.
Funding Acknowledgement
The author wishes to note that this paper was developed as part of the EUtopia Legal History CoLeCo for which they received funds from EUtopia Warwick to present their work at the Work in Progress Seminar in Ljubljana in 2023.
Exchanges Discourse Podcast
Learning to Love Archives: In Conversation with Nia Belcher [11:46]
Modern Records Centre’s Chile Collections as a Space for Memory and Recognition
Authors: Díaz-Cerda Verónica , Ribeiro de Menezes Alison
Published: September 2024

Exiles occupy a marginal status within the field of Transitional Justice. Chileans who fled the Pinochet dictatorship have had limited access to public and official platforms to share their experiences. The MRC´s efforts in gathering, digitizing and disseminating materials relating to Chilean exile demonstrate how non-state and international archives can provide alternative and meaningful pathways for acknowledgment and symbolic redress.
Nostalgia Ain’t What it Used to Be
Authors: Johnson Gareth J
Published: September 2024

In this introductory editorial, the Chief Editor reflects back on the historical parallels of publication and monastic orders, alongside considering the impact the Modern Records Centre (MRC) has made on their own career. It notably includes an overview of all the articles and authors appearing in this celebratory volume, along with news about future issues and author contribution opportunities too. Finally, it closes with a guide to the various ways readers and contributors can interact with Exchanges and its editorial team, along with acknowledging thanks to all the people who helped bring about this special issue.