bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infrared neuroglial modulation of spinal locomotor networks
Authors: Dumas Nathan , Pecchi Emilie , O’Connor Rodney , Bos Rémi , Moreau David
Published: September 2024

Infrared neural stimulation (INS) emerges as a promising tool for stimulating the nervous system by its high spatial precision and absence of the use of exogenous agents into the tissue, which led to the first successful proof of concept in human brain. While neural networks have been the focal point of INS research, this technique is also non cell type specific as it triggers activity in non electrically excitable cells. Despite increasing interest, there remains to demonstrate well defined simultaneous astrocytic and neuronal signals in response to INS. Using calcium imaging, we show that INS has the capacity to initiate calcium signaling in both astrocytes and neurons simultaneously from the rostral lumbar spinal cord, each exhibiting distinct temporal and amplitude characteristics. Importantly, the mechanism underlying infrared-induced neuronal and astrocytic calcium signaling differ, with neuronal activity relying on sodium channels, whereas induced astrocytic signaling is predominantly influenced by extracellular calcium and TRPV4 channels. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate the frequency shift of neuronal calcium oscillations through infrared stimulation. By deepening our understanding in INS fundamentals, this technique holds great promise for advancing neuroscience, deepening our understanding of pathologies, and potentially paving the way for future clinical applications.
Smartphone addiction in Iranian schoolchildren: a population-based study
Authors: Azizi Alireza , Emamian Mohammad Hassan , Hashemi Hassan , Fotouhi Akbar
Published: September 2024

Smartphone addiction is a public health problem and is increasing globally. It is important to know the latest status of this phenomenon in different region of the world. This study aimed to investigate smartphone addiction in an Iranian student population. The participants were a random sample of Shahroud Schoolchildren Eye Cohort study in 2018. Smartphone addiction was measured by the Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Version (SAS-sv) questionnaire. The prevalence and mean estimates were reported with 95% confidence intervals. The analysis of variance, t-test and multiple logistic regression were used for analysis of data. The mean age of 2682 participating students was 13.5 year with an age range of 10 to 15 year, and 1197 (44.6%) of them were girls. The mean SAS-sv score was 27.96 (95% CI: 27.36–28.58) for boys and 26.10 (95% CI: 25.34–26.80) for girls. This score follows a U-shaped pattern with a lower mean score observed at age 8. The Prevalence of smartphone addiction was 29.8% (95% CI: 28.1–31.5) in studied population. Compared to 10 year old students, smartphone addiction was higher in 14 (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1–2.7) and 15 (OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.5–3.8) years old students. Smartphone addiction was higher in boys (OR = 1.9; 95% CI, 1.5–3.0; P value < 0.001). Smartphone addiction was not different in urban and rural students after adjusting for age and gender (P = 0.089). Compared to European countries the prevalence of smartphone addiction in Iranian students is relatively high and need prompt intervention especially in boys and older adolescents.
DINO-Mix enhancing visual place recognition with foundational vision model and feature mixing
Authors: Huang Gaoshuang , Zhou Yang , Hu Xiaofei , Zhang Chenglong , Zhao Luying , Gan Wenjian
Published: September 2024

Using visual place recognition (VPR) technology to ascertain the geographical location of publicly available images is a pressing issue. Although most current VPR methods achieve favorable results under ideal conditions, their performance in complex environments, characterized by lighting variations, seasonal changes, and occlusions, is generally unsatisfactory. Therefore, obtaining efficient and robust image feature descriptors in complex environments is a pressing issue. In this study, we utilized the DINOv2 model as the backbone for trimming and fine-tuning to extract robust image features and employed a feature mix module to aggregate image features, resulting in globally robust and generalizable descriptors that enable high-precision VPR. We experimentally demonstrated that the proposed DINO-Mix outperforms the current state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods. Using test sets having lighting variations, seasonal changes, and occlusions such as Tokyo24/7, Nordland, and SF-XL-Testv1, our proposed architecture achieved Top-1 accuracy rates of 91.75%, 80.18%, and 82%, respectively, and exhibited an average accuracy improvement of 5.14%. In addition, we compared it with other SOTA methods using representative image retrieval case studies, and our architecture outperformed its competitors in terms of VPR performance. Furthermore, we visualized the attention maps of DINO-Mix and other methods to provide a more intuitive understanding of their respective strengths. These visualizations serve as compelling evidence of the superiority of the DINO-Mix framework in this domain.
Robust tissue pattern formation by coupling morphogen signal and cell adhesion
Authors: Mizuno Kosuke , Hirashima Tsuyoshi , Toda Satoshi
Published: September 2024

Morphogens, locally produced signaling molecules, form a concentration gradient to guide tissue patterning. Tissue patterns emerge as a collaboration between morphogen diffusion and responsive cell behaviors, but the mechanisms through which diffusing morphogens define precise spatial patterns amidst biological fluctuations remain unclear. To investigate how cells respond to diffusing proteins to generate tissue patterns, we develop SYMPLE3D, a 3D culture platform. By engineering gene expression responsive to artificial morphogens, we observe that coupling morphogen signals with cadherin-based adhesion is sufficient to convert a morphogen gradient into distinct tissue domains. Morphogen-induced cadherins gather activated cells into a single domain, removing ectopically activated cells. In addition, we reveal a switch-like induction of cadherin-mediated compaction and cell mixing, homogenizing activated cells within the morphogen gradient to form a uniformly activated domain with a sharp boundary. These findings highlight the cooperation between morphogen gradients and cell adhesion in robust tissue patterning and introduce a novel method for tissue engineering to develop new tissue domains in organoids.
Direct determination of lithium in brine samples using handheld LIBS without sample treatment: sample introduction by venturi system
Authors: Erbetta Nayadet , Puebla Gonzalo , Day Dave , Jennings Morgan , Loureiro Agustin , Green Christopher , Gallardo Loverchio , Quiroz Waldo
Published: September 2024

Direct determination of Li content in brines without sample treatment is possible using a LIBS system. Splashing is minimized by the Venturi effect injection system.
Highly selective solid–liquid extraction of microplastic mixtures as a pre-preparation tool for quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies
Authors: Günther Marcel , Imhof Wolfgang
Published: September 2024

Despite various developments in the application of quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) spectroscopy toward microplastics in recent years, this method still lacks suitable sample preparation and fractionation procedures.
Alterations of the chemical profile of cholesterol in cancer tissue as traced with ToF-SIMS
Authors: Manaprasertsak Auraya , Kazi Julhash U. , Hagerling Catharina , Pienta Kenneth J. , Malmberg Per , Hammarlund Emma U.
Published: September 2024

This study uses Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) to analyze cholesterol alterations in cancer tissue, revealing changes in fragmentation and isotopes that suggest potential diagnostic vulnerabilities.
Penetration enhancers strengthen tough hydrogel bioadhesion and modulate locoregional drug delivery
Authors: Shi Wenna , Xue Hui , Du Tianwei , Liu Jun-Li , Ling Victor , Wang Yuzhuo , Ma Zhenwei , Gao Zu-hua
Published: September 2024

Robust tough bioadhesion and enhanced locoregional drug delivery mediated by penetration enhancers.
A robust collagen-targeting MRI peptide contrast agent for in vivo imaging of hepatic fibrosis
Authors: Liu Zhao , Nian Linge , Cai Xiangdong , Hu Yue , Lei Junqiang , Xiao Jianxi
Published: September 2024

A robust MRI peptide contrast agent Gd-ICTP with superior selectivity for type I collagen has been constructed, which facilitates the non-invasive in vivo detection of hepatic fibrosis.
Isatoic anhydride as a masked directing group and internal oxidant for Rh(iii)-catalyzed decarbonylative annulation through C–H activation: insights from DFT calculations
Authors: Luo Yanshu , Zhang Maosheng , Xia Yuanzhi
Published: September 2024

DFT calculations uncovered that the isatoic anhydride is a masked directing group and internal oxidant for Rh(iii)-catalyzed decarbonylative annulation through C–H activation.
NRAS DNA G-quadruplex-targeting molecules for sequence-selective enzyme inhibition
Authors: Hashimoto Yoshiki , Kubo Hiroki , Kawauchi Keiko , Miyoshi Daisuke
Published: September 2024

Sequence-selective G-quadruplex ligands are valuable for controlling gene expression.
Atomic-scale investigation on the electronic states in a one-dimensional π–d conjugated metal–organic framework
Authors: Su Nuoyu , Zhang Tingfeng , Zhong Weiliang , Miao Guangyao , Guo Jiandong , Wang Zhengfei , Wang Weihua
Published: September 2024

The electronic coupling was examined in 1D CMOF by investigating the electronic states in the FeQDI polymer at the atomic scale.
Retraction: A robust collagen-targeting MRI peptide contrast agent for in vivo imaging of hepatic fibrosis
Authors: Liu Zhao , Nian Linge , Cai Xiangdong , Hu Yue , Lei Junqiang , Xiao Jianxi
Published: September 2024

Retraction of ‘A robust collagen-targeting MRI peptide contrast agent for in vivo imaging of hepatic fibrosis’ by Zhao Liu et al., Chem. Commun., 2023, 59, 6068–6071, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3CC01096A.
NiO modified tubular g-C3N4 on carbon cloth for efficient degradation of rhodamine B
Authors: Yang Menghan , Li Xuefei , Zhao Rui , Wang Yue , Liu Na , Liu Yan , Yang Jinghai
Published: September 2024

A novel photocatalyst for the construction of tubular graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)/nickel oxide (NiO) heterojunction on carbon cloth (CC) is reported.
Nucleation, crystal growth, nuclei stability, and polymorph selection in supercooled tolbutamide melt
Authors: Andrianov Ruslan A. , Morozova Tatiana A. , Snetkov Daniil S. , Nizamov Ilyas I. , Schick Christoph , Mukhametzyanov Timur A.
Published: September 2024

Supercooled tolbutamide melt was studied revealing nucleation and growth kinetics, nuclei stability and growth rate, and factors guiding polymorph selection.
Valence-band hybridization in sulphides
Authors: Weinhardt Lothar , Hauschild Dirk , Wansorra Constantin , Steininger Ralph , Blum Monika , Yang Wanli , Heske Clemens
Published: September 2024

Valence-band hybridization in sulphides is studied with X-ray spectroscopy in experiment and theory. The admixture of the “atomic” states to the hybrid bands scales with their inverse energy separation, which we describe by a simple two-state model.
Tailoring van der Waals interactions in ultra-thin two dimensional metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for photoconductive applications
Authors: Dell'Angelo David , Karamanis Ioannis , Saeb Mohammad Reza , Balan Lavinia , Badawi Michael
Published: September 2024

The diverse structural tunability of 2-dimensional π-stacked layered metal–organic frameworks (2D MOFs) enables the control of charge carrier mobility to achieve specific photoconductive characteristics.
Synergistic promotion of oxygen vacancy and Lewis acidity of Nb2O5 on the preferential hydroxymethyl hydrogenolysis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural catalyzed by single atom Pt
Authors: Liu Ting-Hao , Fu Shuai , Gou Jin-Tao , Zhang Yin-Sheng , Hu Chang-Wei , Yang Hua-Qing
Published: September 2024

Over Pt1/Nb2O5, oxygen vacancy increases the catalytic activity, while the strong Lewis acidity of Nb2O5 selectively promotes the hydrogenolysis of the –CH2OH group rather than the hydrogenation of the –CHO group.
Design and performance study of a multiband metamaterial tunable thermal switching absorption device based on AlCuFe and VO2
Authors: Gong Chenyu , Yang Wenxing , Cheng Shubo , Yi Zao , Hao Zhiqiang , Zeng Qingdong
Published: September 2024

The device achieves perfect absorption and polarization insensitivity. It has a good response to the temperature change in a certain range.
Construction of 2D zinc(ii) MOFs with tricarboxylate and N-donor mixed ligands for multiresponsive luminescence sensors and CO2 adsorption
Authors: Khotchasanthong Kenika , Chinchan Kunlanit , Kongpatpanich Kanokwan , Pinyo Waraporn , Kielar Filip , Dungkaew Winya , Sukwattanasinitt Mongkol , Laksee Sakchai , Chainok Kittipong
Published: September 2024

The structural features, luminescence sensing, and gas adsorption properties of the 2D MOFs, (Me2NH2)2[Zn2(btb)2(Im)2]·2DMF·3MeOH (1) and (Me2NH2)2[Zn2(btb)2(amp)]·H2O·2DMF·MeOH (2), were thoroughly investigated and described.
Enhancing the single-molecule magnetic performance of β-diketonate Dy(iii) complexes by modulating the coordination microenvironment and magnetic interaction: from a mononuclear to a dinuclear structure
Authors: Wang Yafu , Zeng Zhaopeng , Luo Shuchang , Guo Yan , Liu Xiangyu
Published: September 2024

Dynamic magnetic behaviours of mono- and dinuclear Dy(iii) complexes have been modulated by the synergistic effect of the coordination microenvironment and magnetic interaction.
Multifunctional hyaluronic acid ligand-assisted construction of CD44- and mitochondria-targeted self-assembled upconversion nanoparticles for enhanced photodynamic therapy
Authors: Liu Ze Hao , Mo Xin Wang , Jiang Wei , Liu Changling , Yin Yue , Yang Hong Yu , Fu Yan
Published: September 2024

Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been used as a potential nanocarrier for photosensitizers (PSs), which have demonstrated a great deal of promise in achieving an effective photodynamic therapy (PDT) for deep-seated tumors.
Aminophosphine PNH complexes of Mn(i), Fe(ii), and Co(ii) and evaluation of their activities in the transfer hydrogenation of nitriles
Authors: Slamova Ainur , Bizhanova Ayazhan , Talimonyuk Ofeliya , Gudun Kristina A. , Tussupbayev Samat , Dmitrienko Anton , Kassymbek Aishabibi , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Khalimon Andrey Y.
Published: September 2024

PNH complexes of Mn, Fe, and Co were prepared and tested as catalysts in the transfer hydrogenation of nitriles. (PNH)FeBr2 proved the most effective representing the first Fe system for selective transfer hydrogenation of nitriles to primary amines.
2,3-Bis(2-pyridyl)thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine and its ruthenium(ii) complexes: a new bidentate bridging ligand for enhanced metal–metal communication
Authors: Konkol Kristine L. , Wilcox Wyatt D. , Rasmussen Seth C.
Published: September 2024

A new polypyridyl bridging ligand based on the fused-ring thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine core provides a deep π* LUMO, small size, and enhanced metal–metal communication.
Coordination environment-tailored electronic structure of single atomic copper sites for efficient electrochemical nitrate reduction toward ammonia
Authors: Huang Tianchi , Liang Taiyu , You Jiao , Huo Qihua , Qi Shuai , Zhao Jingwen , Meng Na , Liao Jinglian , Shang Chunyan , Yang Hengpan , Hu Qi , He Chuanxin
Published: September 2024

A robust strategy is developed to finely tune the electronic structure of Cu by employing single atomic Cu–N–C via both first and second coordination shell engineering, thereby boosting the performance for the nitrate reduction reaction.
Revealing degradation mechanisms in 3D/2D perovskite solar cells under photothermal accelerated ageing
Authors: Peng Zijian , Vincze Andrej , Streller Fabian , Le Corre Vincent M. , Zhang Kaicheng , Li Chaohui , Tian Jingjing , Liu Chao , Luo Junsheng , Zhao Yicheng , Späth Andreas , Fink Rainer , Heumüller Thomas , Osvet Andres , Li Ning , Stolterfoht Martin , Lüer Larry , Brabec Christoph J.
Published: September 2024

Three-dimensional/two-dimensional (3D/2D) heterojunctions in perovskite solar cells exhibit excellent optoelectronic properties and enhanced stability under mild ageing conditions.
Large property models: a new generative machine-learning formulation for molecules
Authors: Jin Tianfan , Singla Veerupaksh , Hsu Hsuan-Hao , Savoie Brett M.
Published: September 2024

We have built the first transformers trained on the property-to-molecular-graph task, which we dub “large property models”. A key ingredient is supplementing these models during training with relatively basic but abundant chemical property data.
Monoliths enabling biocatalysis in flow chemistry
Authors: Lambarska Aleksandra , Szymańska Katarzyna , Hanefeld Ulf
Published: September 2024

Biocatalysis in flow improves space time yields and enables straightforward downstream processing. The underlying principles of monolithic flow reactors and their application in mono- and bi-phasic biocatalytic systems are discussed.
Expression of concern: Preparation of polydopamine sulfamic acid-functionalized magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles with a core/shell nanostructure as heterogeneous and recyclable nanocatalysts for the acetylation of alcohols, phenols, amines and thiols under solvent-free conditions
Authors: Veisi Hojat , Taheri Sepideh , Hemmati Saba
Published: September 2024

Expression of concern for ‘Preparation of polydopamine sulfamic acid-functionalized magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles with a core/shell nanostructure as heterogeneous and recyclable nanocatalysts for the acetylation of alcohols, phenols, amines and thiols under solvent-free conditions’ by Hojat Veisi et al., Green Chem., 2016, 18, 6337–6348, https://doi.org/10.1039/C6GC01975G.
Highly elastic relaxor ferroelectrics for wearable energy storage
Authors: Gao Liang , Zhang Jiaqi , Wang Linping , Zhang Dongyang , Li Fangzhou , Shen Haoyu , Hu Ben-Lin , Li Run-Wei
Published: September 2024

The first report using peroxide cross-linking to create intrinsic high-elastic relaxor ferroelectric materials for elastic energy storage.
New approach for predicting crystal densities of energetic materials
Authors: Lal Sohan , Gao Haixiang , Shreeve Jean’ne M.
Published: September 2024

We have developed a new protocol for the prediction of crystal density of energetic materials using rigorously validated B3LYP quantum calculations and Multiwfn's precise structural elucidation, marking a significant leap over traditional approaches.
Brushing a superhydrophilic cross-linked coating on the metal mesh for dye separation
Authors: Zhang Jun , Li Wei , Zheng Mingxiang , Tan Jiawei , Zeng Xinjuan , Zhou Cailong , Zhang Min , Wang Lin
Published: September 2024

A superhydrophilic mesh prepared by a simple brushing method efficiently separated dye wastewater.
Structural characterization and functional assessment of exchange–correlation functionals in van der Waals TMDs AB2 (A = Mo, W; B = S, Se, Te)
Authors: Behera Sushant Kumar , Ramamurthy Praveen C
Published: September 2024

This work shows energy values of 1T-2H phase differences for various XC functionals in TMD systems with structural changes in MoS2 compared to experimental data. It evaluates XC functionals in vdW TMD materials AB2 (A = Mo, W; B = S, Se, Te).
A first-principles study of multilayer Ti3C2Tx MXene model
Authors: Chu Yi Zhi , Lau Kah Chun
Published: September 2024

A more realistic multilayer Ti3C2Tx model is proposed, and the structural and electronic properties are presented in this study.
Synthesis of dithioacetals via nucleophilic substitution and their antifungal activity evaluation
Authors: Shao Jiaqing , Bian Yeping , Wang Qian , Mei Haibo , Makarem Ata , Soloshonok Vadim A. , Han Jianlin
Published: September 2024

A novel substitution reaction of dichloromethane with thiols is developed, affording varieties of dithioacetals and α-acyloxy sulfides in up to 96% yields. Moreover, the obtained sulfides exhibit excellent antifungal activity against L. theobromae.
Expression of concern: A well-defined S-g-C3N4/Cu–NiS heterojunction interface towards enhanced spatial charge separation with excellent photocatalytic ability: synergetic effect, kinetics, antibacterial activity, and mechanism insights
Authors: Abubshait‡ Haya A. , Iqbal‡ Shahid , Abubshait Samar A. , Alotaibi Mohammed T. , Alwadai Norah , Alfryyan Nada , Alsaab Hashem O. , Awwad Nasser S. , Ibrahium Hala A.
Published: September 2024

Expression of concern for ‘A well-defined S-g-C3N4/Cu–NiS heterojunction interface towards enhanced spatial charge separation with excellent photocatalytic ability: synergetic effect, kinetics, antibacterial activity, and mechanism insights’ by Haya A. Abubshait et al., RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 3274–3286, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA07974C.
Expression of concern: Copper nanoparticle anchored biguanidine-modified Zr-UiO-66 MOFs: a competent heterogeneous and reusable nanocatalyst in Buchwald–Hartwig and Ullmann type coupling reactions
Authors: Veisi Hojat , Neyestani Narges , Pirhayati Mozhgan , Ahany Kamangar Sheida , Lotfi Shahram , Tamoradi Taiebeh , Karmakar Bikash
Published: September 2024

Expression of concern for ‘Copper nanoparticle anchored biguanidine-modified Zr-UiO-66 MOFs: a competent heterogeneous and reusable nanocatalyst in Buchwald–Hartwig and Ullmann type coupling reactions’ by Hojat Veisi et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 22278–22286, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA02634H.
Kinetic H2S/CO2 selectivity in an exceptionally sterically hindered amine membrane
Authors: Rao Shraavya , Deng Xuepeng , Zou Changlong , Prasad Babul , Han Yang , Lin Li-Chiang , Ho W.S. Winston
Published: September 2024

Decreasing membrane thickness reduces the reaction time for the competing amine-H2S and amine-CO2 reactions, thus enhancing the selectivity for the “faster”, kinetically favored product, i.e., hydrosulfide.
Self-assembly of poly (ionic liquid) block copolymer based dielectrics on semiconductor formation and performance
Authors: Dickson Laura E. , Brixi Samantha , Radford Chase L. , Manion Joseph G. , Kelly Timothy L. , Lessard Benoît H.
Published: September 2024

Characterizing polymerized ionic liquids as the dielectric material in OTFTs to achieve low power consumption devices.
Electric load forecasting under false data injection attacks via denoising deep learning and generative adversarial networks
Authors: Mahmoudnezhad Fayezeh , Moradzadeh Arash , Mohammadi‐Ivatloo Behnam , Zare Kazem , Ghorbani Reza
Published: September 2024

Accurate electric load forecasting at various time periods is considered a necessary challenge for electricity consumers and generators to maximize their economic efficiency in energy markets. Hence, the accuracy and effectiveness of existing electric load forecasting approaches depends on the data quality. Nowadays, with the implementation of modern power systems and Internet of Things technology, forecasting models are faced with a large volume of data, which puts the security and health of data at risk due to the use of numerous measuring devices and the threat of cyber‐attackers. In this study, a cyber‐resilient hybrid deep learning‐based model is developed that accurately forecasts electric load in short‐term and long‐term time horizons. The architecture of the proposed model systematically integrates stacked multilayer denoising autoencoder (SMDAE) and generative adversarial network (GAN) and is called SMDAE‐GAN. In the proposed framework, SMDAE layer is used to pre‐process and remove real fs and intentional anomalies in data, and GAN layer is also utilized to forecast electric load values. The effectiveness of the SMDAE‐GAN structure is studied using realistic electrical load data monitored in the distribution network of Tabriz, Iran, and meteorological data measured in weather station there. Compared with other conventional load forecasting approaches, the developed framework has the highest accuracy in both cases of using normal data with real‐world noise and damaged data under false data injection attacks.
Wind turbine generator failure analysis and fault diagnosis: A review
Authors: Liu Huan , Wang YuZe , Zeng Tao , Wang HaiFeng , Chan Shing‐Chow , Ran Li
Published: September 2024

The large scale deployment of modern wind turbines and the yearly increase of installed capacity have drawn attention to their operation and maintenance issues. The development of highly reliable and low‐maintenance wind turbines is an urgent demand in order to achieve the low‐carbon goals, and the arrival of fault diagnosis provides assurance for its satisfactory operation and maintenance. Numerous statistical studies have pointed out that generator failures are a main cause of wind turbine system downtime. The generator, as one of the core components, converts rotating mechanical energy into electrical energy. However, the generators can hardly operate reliably towards the end of the turbine life owing to the variable‐speed conditions and harsh electromagnetic environments. This article first provides a comprehensive and up‐to‐date review of the electrical and mechanical failures of various parts (stator, rotor, air gap and bearings) of the generator. Then the fault characteristics and diagnostic processes of generators are investigated, and the principles and processes of fault diagnosis are discussed. Finally, the application of four categories of model‐based, signal‐based, knowledge‐based and hybrid approaches to wind turbine generator fault diagnosis is summarized. The comprehensive review shows that the hybrid approach is now the leading and most accurate tool for real‐time fault diagnosis for wind turbine generators. A qualitative and quantitative assessment of algorithm performance using false alarm rates is proposed. The methodology can subsequently be applied to the wind industry.
An adaptive method for real‐time photovoltaic power forecasting utilizing mathematics and statistics: Case studies in Australia and Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen‐Duc Tuyen , Vu‐Xuan‐Son Huu , Do‐Dinh Hieu , Nguyen‐Vu‐Nhat Nam , Fujita Goro , Tran‐Thanh Son
Published: September 2024

The advancement of Photovoltaic technology has undergone rapid acceleration in recent years. Nonetheless, the most significant drawback of Photovoltaic is its intermittence, making it an obvious source of power fluctuation. This study proposes a novel scheme for real‐time or intraday PV power forecasting by adopting two predictive models, namely, White‐box and Combination. The White‐box model is implemented employing mathematical calculations and statistics called Exceedance Probability. Meanwhile, the Combination model is an aggregation of several predictive models' outputs including the White‐box model and benchmark ones by dynamically adjusting the weight coefficient of each model based on their forecasting accuracy. The experimental results, which are verified on two PV systems corresponding to two case studies located at Vietnam and Australia, indicate that the two proposed models outperform other referenced models as improves approximately 40% and 38% in terms of the first and second case study, respectively. In particular, the White‐box model shows superiority by updating the forecast every 10 min, which can adapt to the fluctuation of weather conditions whereas the Combination one yields acceptable precision, indicating its flexible application.
First map of D2H+ emission revealing the true centre of a prestellar core: Further insights into deuterium chemistry
Authors: Pagani L. , Belloche A. , Parise B.
Published: September 2024

Context. IRAS 16293E is a rare case of a prestellar core being subjected to the effects of at least one outflow.

Aims. We want to disentangle the actual structure of the core from the outflow impact and evaluate the evolutionary stage of the core.

Methods. Prestellar cores being cold and depleted, the best tracers of their central regions are the two isotopologues of the trihydrogen cation that are observable from the ground: ortho-H2D+ and para-D2H+. We used the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) telescope to map the para-D2H+ emission in IRAS 16293E and collected James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) archival data of ortho-H2D+. We compared their emission to that of other tracers, including dust emission, and analysed their abundance with the help of a 1D radiative transfer tool. The ratio of the abundances of ortho-H2D+ to para-D2H+ can be used to estimate the stage of the chemical evolution of the core.

Results. We have obtained the first complete map of para-D2H+ emission in a prestellar core. We compare it to a map of ortho-H2D+ and show their partial anti-correlation. This reveals a strongly evolved core with a para-D2H+/ortho-H2D+ abundance ratio towards the centre for which we obtain a conservative lower limit from 3.9 (at 12 K) to 8.3 (at 8 K), while the high extinction of the core is indicative of a central temperature below 10 K. This ratio is higher than predicted by the known chemical models found in the literature. Para-D2H+ (and indirectly ortho-H2D+) is the only species that reveals the true centre of this core, while the emission of other molecular tracers and dust are biased by the temperature structure that results from the impact of the outflow.

Conclusions. This study is an invitation to reconsider the analysis of previous observations of this source and possibly questions the validity of the deuteration chemical models or of the reaction and inelastic collisional rate coefficients of the
H+3
isotopologue family. This could impact the deuteration clock predictions for all sources.
A novel optimal transport-based approach for interpolating spectral time series
Authors: Ramirez Mauricio , Pignata Giuliano , Förster Francisco , González-Gaitán Santiago , Gutiérrez Claudia P. , Ayala Bastian , Cabrera-Vives Guillermo , Catelan Márcio , Arancibia Alejandra M. Muñoz , Pineda-García Jonathan
Published: September 2024

Context. The Vera C. Rubin Observatory is set to discover 1 million supernovae (SNe) within its first operational year. Given the impracticality of spectroscopic classification at such scales, it is mandatory to develop a reliable photometric classification framework.

Aims. This paper introduces a novel method for creating spectral time series that can be used not only to generate synthetic light curves for photometric classification, but also in applications such as K-corrections and bolometric corrections. This approach is particularly valuable in the era of large astronomical surveys, where it can significantly enhance the analysis and understanding of an increasing number of SNe, even in the absence of extensive spectroscopic data.

Methods. By employing interpolations based on optimal transport theory, starting from a spectroscopic sequence, we derive weighted average spectra with high cadence. The weights incorporate an uncertainty factor for penalizing interpolations between spectra that show significant epoch differences and lead to a poor match between the synthetic and observed photometry.

Results. Our analysis reveals that even with a phase difference of up to 40 days between pairs of spectra, optical transport can generate interpolated spectral time series that closely resemble the original ones. Synthetic photometry extracted from these spectral time series aligns well with observed photometry. The best results are achieved in the V band, with relative residuals of less than 10% for 87% and 84% of the data for type Ia and II, respectively. For the B, g, R, and r bands, the relative residuals are between 65% and 87% within the previously mentioned 10% threshold for both classes. The worse results correspond to the i and I bands, where, in the case of SN Ia, the values drop to 53% and 42%, respectively.

Conclusions. We introduce a new method for constructing spectral time series for individual SNe starting from a sparse spectroscopic sequence, and demonstrate its capability to produce reliable light curves that can be used for photometric classification.
Searching for substellar companion candidates with Gaia. I. Introducing the GaiaPMEX tool
Authors: Kiefer F. , Lagrange A.-M. , Rubini P. , Philipot F.
Published: September 2024

The Gaia mission is expected to yield the detection of several thousands of exoplanets, perhaps at least doubling the number of known exoplanets. However, only 72 candidates have been reported with the publication of the Gaia third data release, or g3 g3 ). Although a greater harvest of exoplanets is expected to occur with the publication of the astrometric time series in the DR4 at the eve of 2026, the g3 is already a precious database that can be used to search for exoplanets beyond 1\,au. With this objective, we characterized multiple systems by exploiting two astrometric signatures derived from the g3 astrometric solution of bright sources with $G<16$. We have the pma or pma for sources also observed with Hipparcos and the excess of residuals present in the ruwe ruwe ) and the aen aen ). These astrometric signatures give an accurate measurement of the astrometric motion of a source seen with Gaia even in the presence of non-negligible calibration and measurement noises. We introduce a tool called pmex or pmex for short, that is able for a given source to model the astrometric signatures that are hidden within the pma ruwe and aen by a photocenter orbit due to a companion with a certain mass and relative sma to the primary star ( sma pmex calculates a confidence map of the possible companion's mass and sma given the actual measurements from g3 and Hipparcos when available. This tool allowed us to determine for any source of interest if it may be a binary (or planetary) system and the possible companion's mass and sma We find that the astrometric signatures can allow for identification of stellar binaries and hint toward companions with a mass in the planetary domain. The constraints on mass are, as expected, degenerate, but when allowed, coupling the use of pma and ruwe or aen they may significantly narrow the space of solutions. Thanks to combining Gaia and Hipparcos planets are expected to be most frequently found within 1--10\,au from their star, at the scale of Earth-to-Saturn orbits. In this range of sma J $ are more favorably detected around M-dwarfs closer than 10\,pc to Earth. Some fraction, if not all, of companions identified with pmex may be characterized in the future using the astrometric time series that will be published in the forthcoming DR4.
Long-term changes of sodium column abundance at 24.6°S above the Atacama Desert in Chile
Authors: Haguenauer P. , von Savigny C. , Plane J. M. C. , Marsh D. R. , Feng W. , Holzlöhner R. , Langowski M.
Published: September 2024

Aims. The utilisation of artificial laser guide star (LGS) obviates the necessity for a prominent natural guide star (NGS) within adaptive optics (AO) systems. High-power lasers are fundamental components of most AO systems today. The generation of an LGS relies on the excitation of sodium (denoted by its symbol Na) atoms situated in the upper atmosphere. Therefore, the sodium vertical column density (denoted as CNa) is a crucial parameter. Beyond ensuring the optimal and stable performance of an AO system, knowledge of the return flux from an LGS is imperative during the design phase, aiding in the accurate specification of both the LGS and the AO system. The availability of sodium in the upper atmosphere has been the focal point of diverse studies, exhibiting a pronounced dependence on the specific observatory site. Furthermore, it is well established that CNa varies across multiple timescales, including hours, nights, months, seasons, and even several years. As many of the world’s largest telescopes are located in the Atacama Desert in northern Chile, our objective is to provide CNa statistics pertinent to this specific region.

Methods. We used telemetry data from the AO systems operational at the Paranal Observatory (24.6°S, 70.4°W): Ground Atmospheric Layer Adaptive Corrector for Spectroscopic Imaging (GALACSI) and Ground layer Adaptive Optics system Assisted by Lasers (GRAAL). We combined these data with measurements from two space instruments: SCanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) and Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imaging System (OSIRIS), as well as with simulated data from the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). We carefully analysed and compared these datasets to develop a statistical model for the temporal variations of CNa.

Results. We validated the use of the AO telemetry data from Paranal systems to retrieve the CNa. The near-continuous measurements encompassing the period from mid-2017 to the end of 2023 facilitated the determination of monthly and yearly abundance and variability of Na in the mesopause region. Throughout the complete years of measurement, the annual and semi-annual variations exhibit consistent characteristics that align with previously documented findings in atmospheric studies. Through meticulous comparison and the fitting of various long-term datasets, we formulated a model depicting the evolution of CNa over time. The validity of our data processing and model is scrutinised, and the results obtained for the Paranal latitude exhibit noteworthy concordance with the findings of other studies.
Cosmic evolution of the Faraday rotation measure in the intracluster medium of galaxy clusters
Authors: Rappaz Y. , Schober J. , Bendre A. B. , Seta A. , Federrath C.
Published: September 2024

Context. Radio observations have revealed magnetic fields in the intracluster medium (ICM) of galaxy clusters, and their energy density is nearly in equipartition with the turbulent kinetic energy. This suggests magnetic field amplification by dynamo processes during cluster formation. However, observations are limited to redshifts ɀ ≲ 0.7, and the weakly collisional nature of the ICM complicates studying magnetic field evolution at higher redshifts through theoretical models and simulations.

Aims. Using a model of the weakly collisional dynamo, we modelled the evolution of the Faraday rotation measure (RM) in galaxy clusters of different masses, up to ɀ ≃ 1.5, and investigated its properties such as its radial distribution up to the virial radius r200. We compared our results with radio observations of various galaxy clusters.

Methods. We used merger trees generated by the modified GALFORM algorithm to track the evolution of plasma quantities during galaxy cluster formation. Assuming the magnetic field remains in equipartition with the turbulent velocity field, we generated RM maps to study their properties.

Results. We find that both the standard deviation of RM, σRM, and the absolute average |µRM| increase with cluster mass. Due to redshift dilution, RM values for a fixed cluster mass remain nearly constant between ɀ = 0 and ɀ = 1.5. For r/r200 ≳ 0.4, σRM does not vary significantly with ℒ/r200, with ℒ being the size of the observed RM patch. Below this limit, σRM increases as ℒ decreases. We find that radial RM profiles have a consistent shape, proportional to 10−1.2(r/r200), and are nearly independent of redshift. Our ɀ ≃ 0 profiles for Mclust = 1015 M⊙ match RM observations in the Coma cluster but show discrepancies with Perseus, possibly due to high gas mixing. Models for clusters with Mclust = 1013 and 1015 M⊙ at ɀ = 0 and ɀ = 0.174 align well with Fornax and A2345 data for r/r200 ≲ 0.4. Our model can be useful for generating mock polarization observations for current and next-generation radio telescopes.
Searching for substellar companion candidates with Gaia. II. A catalog of 9,698 planet candidate solar-type hosts
Authors: Kiefer F. , Lagrange A.-M. , Rubini P. , Philipot F.
Published: September 2024

In a previous paper, we introduced a new tool called " pmex ", or pmex . This tool characterizes the mass and sma sma ) of a possible companion around any source observed with Gaia using the value of renormalized unit weight error ( ruwe ), or with both Gaia and Hipparcos using the value of the pma pma ), either alone or combined with the ruwe Our goal is to exploit the large volume of sources in the g3 catalog to find new exoplanet candidates. We wish to create a new input catalog of planet-candidate-hosting systems to enable future follow-up projects. Beyond magnitude 14, this catalog would prepare the arrival of powerful instruments on the Extremely Large Telescopes, which could include radial velocity (RV) follow-up of faint stars and direct imaging of planets around main sequence stars of gigayear ages. We used the mass-- sma degenerate set of solutions obtained by pmex from any value of ruwe to select a sample of bright ($G$$<$16) Gaia J $. We selected sources whose astrometric signature determined from the ruwe is larger than zero with a significance of $>$2.7--sigma ($p$-value $<$0.00694). J $ and a sma in the
range of sim 1--3\,au. We cross-matched our catalog with the nea nea ) catalog of exoplanets, identifing 19 of our systems therein. We successfully detected eight confirmed substellar companions with an sma of 1--3\,au, initially discovered and characterized with RV and astrometry. Moreover, we found six transiting-planet systems and two wide-orbit systems for whom, with pmex we predict the existence of supplementary companions. Focusing on the subsample of sources observed with Hipparcos combining the constraints from ruwe and pma we confirm the identification of four new planetary candidate systems, HD 187129, HD 81697, CD-42 883, and HD 105330. Given the degeneracy of mass-- sma many of the candidates in this catalog of 9,698 sources might have a larger mass in the brown-dwarf and stellar domain if their sma departs from the 1--3-au range. The vetting of this large catalog will be the subject of future studies.
Challenges and Opportunities for Autonomous UAV Inspection in Solar Photovoltaics
Authors: Olayiwola Olufemi , Camara Fanta
Published: September 2024

This work focuses on identifying the applications, critical challenges and future opportunities of autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in solar photovoltaics (PV) inspection. This paper places emphasis on aspects that require more research attention and depth that are mostly overlooked in most published research works. It therefore presents a state-of-the-art overview on the current use of autonomous UAV systems in solar photovoltaics, highlighting its major challenges and untapped potentials requiring more research. Major challenges and opportunities are identified within recent non-conventional large rooftop systems, floating and vertical solar PV systems where autonomous inspection applications are required starting from the pre-construction stage and where the requirements vary from standard ground mount systems. This is largely because autonomous systems are found to be more impactful in demanding environments. Aside from the technical aspects related to autonomous navigation, the types of sensors required and solar PV monitoring, beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) and safe autonomy are also examined by using on-board backup/monitoring systems to assist with navigation and emergency landing. This is essential due to the nature of the application within complex-urban environments. It is considered that the “open research” areas will deepen regional impact, efficiency, accessibility and use of autonomous UAV inspection for solar PV and inspection activities in other sectors. Thus, enabling enormous transformation for both manned and autonomous inspection landscapes. This work therefore provides technical input on the current procedures applied, identifies the challenges, and provides recommendations on aspects where significant future progress would be most advantageous.
Large language models empowered agent-based modeling and simulation: a survey and perspectives
Authors: Gao Chen , Lan Xiaochong , Li Nian , Yuan Yuan , Ding Jingtao , Zhou Zhilun , Xu Fengli , Li Yong
Published: September 2024

Agent-based modeling and simulation have evolved as a powerful tool for modeling complex systems, offering insights into emergent behaviors and interactions among diverse agents. Recently, integrating large language models into agent-based modeling and simulation presents a promising avenue for enhancing simulation capabilities. This paper surveys the landscape of utilizing large language models in agent-based modeling and simulation, discussing their challenges and promising future directions. In this survey, since this is an interdisciplinary field, we first introduce the background of agent-based modeling and simulation and large language model-empowered agents. We then discuss the motivation for applying large language models to agent-based simulation and systematically analyze the challenges in environment perception, human alignment, action generation, and evaluation. Most importantly, we provide a comprehensive overview of the recent works of large language model-empowered agent-based modeling and simulation in multiple scenarios, which can be divided into four domains: cyber, physical, social, and hybrid, covering simulation of both real-world and virtual environments, and how these works address the above challenges. Finally, since this area is new and quickly evolving, we discuss the open problems and promising future directions. We summarize the representative papers along with their code repositories in https://github.com/tsinghua-fib-lab/LLM-Agent-Based-Modeling-and-Simulation.
Temperature stabilization of a lab space at 10 mK-level over a day
Authors: Fife Dylan , Shin Dong-Chel , Sudhir Vivishek
Published: September 2024

Temperature fluctuations over long time scales (≳ 1 h) are an insidious problem for precision measurements. In optical laboratories, the primary effect of temperature fluctuations is drifts in optical circuits over spatial scales of a few meters and temporal scales extending beyond a few minutes. We present a lab-scale environment temperature control system approaching 10 mK-level temperature instability across a lab for integration times above an hour and extending to a day. This is achieved by passive isolation of the laboratory space from the building walls using a circulating air gap and an active control system feeding back to heating coils at the outlet of the laboratory’s Heating-Ventilation-Air-Conditioning (HVAC) unit. These techniques together result in 20 dB suppression of the temperature power spectrum across the lab at 10−4 Hz—approaching the limit set by statistical coherence of the temperature field—and 10 mK Allan deviation around 15 °C after an hour of averaging, which is an order of magnitude better than any previous report for a full laboratory.
Study on fluid mobility in shale oil reservoirs considering mineral composition and stress sensitivity
Authors: Niu Cheng-Cheng , Liu Shu-Jian , Jia Hu , Lei Zheng-Dong , He Wei
Published: September 2024

Shale oil has gradually become an important alternative resource to conventional oil in the world. It is necessary to study the mineral and stress sensitive characteristics of shale oil reservoir to understand the mobility of reservoir fluid. In this paper, two representative shale cores with different components (type 1 layered limy dolostone and type 2 laminated dolomitic limestone) are selected. The effects of core minerals and stress sensitivity on reservoir fluid flow are compared and analyzed. The stress sensitivity of type 2 cores is higher than that of type 1 cores. The saturated oil content of type 1 cores under high temperature and pressure is significantly higher than that of type 2 cores. The imbibition results show that the Bohai drilling (BH) imbibition fluid has obvious imbibition displacement effect on the oil in the large pore (>100 nm) of the core, and the recovery rate is high. Halliburton (HL) imbibition fluid has more obvious imbibition displacement effect on oil in medium and small pores (10–100 nm), and the recovery rate is lower. Shale oil reservoirs with higher brittle mineral content have lower stress sensitivity and more mobile fluid, which is conducive to fracturing and imbibition displacement. However, the shale oil reservoir with high clay mineral content has strong stress sensitivity and poor fluid mobility, which is not conducive to the development of shale oil. This study pioneers the shale oil productivity evaluation from the perspective of mineralogy.