bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Affective Listening as a Mode of Coexistence
Authors: Jing Wang
Published: November 2016

This article proposes that China’s sound practice does more than simply provide cultural content for already existing sound making and performing formulas. Beyond this, it also affords “affective listening,” a mode of listening that acknowledges the coexistence of the somatic, relational, and spiritual relations among participants and the environment.
A Parallel Slalom from BADco
Authors: Cvejić Bojana
Published: November 2016

This text explores choreographic and dramaturgical ideas and methods in the performances of the Croatian collective BADco. It illuminates them within a distinctive poetics of performance—“non-aligned” with either Western or Eastern European cultural legacies—as a kind of thought that produces art, while it also looks past art into society.
Crooked River
Authors: Dallett Nancy , Guebard Matthew
Published: November 2016

The story of Tuzigoot National Monument, in Arizona’s Verde Valley, is that of a small town taking pride in its ancestral Native American history, securing funds from a mining company and the federal government to excavate a hilltop ruin associated with local tribes, and developing heritage tourism during the Great Depression. Its development, however, was dependent on military campaigns that drove Yavapai and Apache people on to the San Carlos Reservation. Today, despite evidence of environmental degradation caused by industrial-scale mining and smelting during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, heritage and agritourism brings visitors to the area for wine tasting, bird watching, and kayaking. In an ironic twist, the Yavapai-Apache Nation now litigates to protect the health of the river on behalf of the communities who depend upon it.
Mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus and Addison’s disease: a nationwide, matched, observational cohort study
Authors: Chantzichristos Dimitrios , Persson Anders , Eliasson Björn , Miftaraj Mervete , Franzén Stefan , Bergthorsdottir Ragnhildur , Gudbjörnsdottir Soffia , Svensson Ann-Marie , Johannsson Gudmundur
Published: November 2016

Objective

Our hypothesis was that patients with diabetes mellitus obtain an additional risk of death if they develop Addison’s disease (AD).

Design and methods

Nationwide, matched, observational cohort study cross-referencing the Swedish National Diabetes Register with Inpatient, Cancer and Cause of Death Registers in patients with diabetes (type 1 and 2) and AD and matched controls with diabetes. Clinical characteristics at baseline, overall, and cause-specific mortality were assessed. The relative risk of death was assessed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model.

Results

Between January 1996 and December 2012, 226 patients with diabetes and AD were identified and matched with 1129 controls with diabetes. Median (interquartile range) follow-up was 5.9 (2.7–8.6) years. When patients with diabetes were diagnosed with AD, they had an increased frequency of diabetes complications, but both medical history of cancer and coronary heart disease did not differ compared with controls. Sixty-four of the 226 patients with diabetes and AD (28%) died, while 112 of the 1129 controls (10%) died. The estimated relative risk increase (hazard ratio) in overall mortality in the diabetes and AD group was 3.89 (95% confidence interval 2.84–5.32) compared with controls with diabetes. The most common cause of death was cardiovascular in both groups, but patients with diabetes and AD showed an increased death rate from diabetes complications, infectious diseases and unknown causes.

Conclusions

Patients with the rare combination of diabetes and AD showed a markedly increased mortality and died more frequently from infections and unknown causes than patients with diabetes alone. Improved strategy for the management of this combination of metabolic disorders is needed.
A six-genotype genetic prognostic model for papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Shen Xiaopei , Liu Rengyun , Xing Mingzhao
Published: November 2016

A unique prognostic role of the genetic duet ofBRAFV600E andTERTpromoter mutations in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has been recently established, but the role ofRASmutation in this genetic interplay remains to be established. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data of patients with PTC from 19 medical centers, we investigated the interactions among the three mutations in clinical outcomes of PTC. We found thatBRAFandRASmutations were mutually exclusive, but both were associated withTERTpromoter mutations, with the genetic duet ofBRAF/RASandTERTmutations occurring in 34/388 (8.76%) patients.BRAF/RASorTERTmutation had no or minimal effect alone, whereas coexistingBRAF/RASandTERTmutations had a robust synergistic effect on poor clinicopathologic outcomes of PTC, including disease recurrence and patient mortality. For example, PTC recurrence rate was 52% with coexistingBRAFV600E/RASandTERTpromoter mutations vs 6.9% with no mutation, corresponding to a HR of 8.17 (95% CI 3.09–21.58), which remained significant at 14.71 (95% CI 2.79–77.61) after adjustment for clinicopathologic factors and institution.BRAF/RASmutation orTERTmutation alone minimally affected Kaplan–Meier patient survival curves, whereas the genetic duet was associated with a sharp curve decline. Thus, by confirming and expanding previous findings in single-institution studies, this multicenter data analysis establishes a six-genotype genetic prognostic model for poor outcomes of PTC with a risk order of genetic duet ofBRAFV600E/RASmutation andTERTmutation >>>>BRAFV600E = TERTmutation alone >RASmutation alone = wild-type genes.
Oviduct: roles in fertilization and early embryo development
Authors: Li Shuai , Winuthayanon Wipawee
Published: November 2016

Animal oviducts and human Fallopian tubes are a part of the female reproductive tract that hosts fertilization and pre-implantation development of the embryo. With an increasing understanding of roles of the oviduct at the cellular and molecular levels, current research signifies the importance of the oviduct on naturally conceived fertilization and pre-implantation embryo development. This review highlights the physiological conditions within the oviduct during fertilization, environmental regulation, oviductal fluid composition and its role in protecting embryos and supplying nutrients. Finally, the review compares different aspects of naturally occurring fertilization and assisted reproductive technology (ART)-achieved fertilization and embryo development, giving insight into potential areas for improvement in this technology.
Non-invasive evaluation of placental blood flow: lessons from animal models
Authors: Mourier E , Tarrade A , Duan J , Richard C , Bertholdt C , Beaumont M , Morel O , Chavatte-Palmer P
Published: November 2016

In human obstetrics, placental vascularisation impairment is frequent as well as linked to severe pathological events (preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction), and there is a need for reliable methods allowing non-invasive evaluation of placental blood flow. Uteroplacental vascularisation is complex, and animal models are essential for the technical development and safety assessment of these imaging tools for human clinical use; however, these techniques can also be applied in the veterinary context. This paper reviews how ultrasound-based imaging methods such as 2D and 3D Doppler can provide valuable insight for the exploration of placental blood flow both in humans and animals and how new approaches such as the use of ultrasound contrast agents or ultrafast Doppler may allow to discriminate between maternal (non-pulsatile) and foetal (pulsatile) blood flow in the placenta. Finally, functional magnetic resonance imaging could also be used to evaluate placental blood flow, as indicated by studies in animal models, but its safety in human pregnancy still requires to be confirmed.
Šiuolaikiniai bibliotekos konceptai tinklaveikos visuomenėje: kontekstas ir požiūriai
Authors: Juchnevič Laura
Published: November 2016

Straipsnyje analizuojamas bibliotekos veiklos kontekstas tinklaveikos visuomenėje (poveikį darantys veiksniai ir tendencijos), pristatomi šiuolaikiniai bibliotekos konceptai, išskiriami pagrindiniai jų elementai bei nustatomos elementų sąveikos. Šiuolaikinius bibliotekos konceptus sudaro infrastruktūra, žmogiškieji ir informacijos ištekliai, technologijos, informacijos ir bibliotekos paslaugos. Jų sąveika sukuria naują bibliotekos ir visuomenės ryšį, pagrįstą dalyvaujamumu. Dalyvaujamumas bibliotekose suprantamas kaip visuomenės aktyvus įsitraukimas į bibliotekos veiklas kuriant bei keičiant paslaugų turinį ir prisidedant prie informacijos organizavimo. Straipsnyje atlikta analizė naudinga tiems, kurie tiria bibliotekos pokyčius, formuoja bibliotekų srities politiką bei strategiškai planuoja jų veiklas.
Health status assessment of workers during construction phase of highway rehabilitation projects around lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Abrar Amina , Cheema Kausar Jamal , Saif Samia , Mahmood Asim
Published: November 2016

Objective

The study focused on assessment of the health status of workers during construction phase of highway rehabilitation projects at six selected sites of N5 around Lahore, including Kala Shah Kaku, Muridke, Kamuki, Bhaipheru, Pattoki, and Okara.

Methods

The study was based on multi-methods approach involving hazard identification through survey and checklist as well as a questionnaire for health status assessment and measurements of health parameters including peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and audiometric screening of 300 subjects.

Results

The study revealed non-congenial working conditions at the sites. Noise, vibrations, dust, asphalt fumes, poor work postures, and injuries were found to be major health hazards. PEFR of most of the workers was found to be significantly lower than the reference value. Average PEFR±SEM values were 187±5.1 l/min, 178±4.3 l/min, and 266±5.3 l/min in ground preparation workers, asphalt workers, and heavy vehicle drivers, respectively. The highest rate (29%) of hearing loss was recorded among heavy vehicle drivers. Musculoskeletal problems were found to be more common among ground preparation workers.

Conclusion

Data revealed unsatisfactory health status of most of the workers. Direct relationship between health outcomes and the type of construction activities were observed. The current study focuses on the importance of including occupational health and safety plan in the execution phase of every developmental project that involves construction activities.
Noise-Induced hearing loss among professional musicians
Authors: Pouryaghoub Gholamreza , Mehrdad Ramin , Pourhosein Saeed
Published: November 2016

Objectives

After presbycusis, noise exposure is considered the second cause of sensorineural hearing loss. Due to exposure to high-intensity sounds, musicians may be at risk of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Given the importance of good hearing in music career, this study aimed to investigate the frequency of hearing loss and use of protective measures among Iranian musicians.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 125 musicians, including 21 women (16.8%) and 104 men (83.2%), with at least five years of work experience were recruited. All participants underwent clinical and audiometric examinations. Demographic data, complaints about hearing loss, and information about the use of protective devices were collected through interviews.

Results

Audiometric notch in either one or both ears and bilateral hearing loss were present in respectively 42.4% and 19.2% of the participants. The history of tinnitus after performance and ear pain during performance was reported by 64 (51%) and 35 (28%) individuals, respectively. Less than 2% of the participants used hearing protection devices.

Conclusions

Long-term exposure to loud sounds puts musicians at risk of hearing loss. However, due to their inadequate knowledge, most musicians never use protective devices to prevent damage to their auditory system.
The lipid peroxidation intensity of fungi strains from the orders Agaricales and Polyporales
Authors: Fedotov O. V.
Published: November 2016

This article is devoted to investigation of the dynamics of growth and level of spontaneous and induced lipid peroxidation intensity of Basidiomycetes strains grown by surface cultivation on a glucose-peptone medium. The materials of the research are mycelium and culture filtrates (CF) of 57 strains (5 belong to 5 species from the order Polyporales s.l., and 52 belong to 7 species of the order Agaricales s.l.). To study the dynamics of growth we used a weighing method for determining the accumulation of absolutely dry biomass. Intensity of lipid peroxidation was determined by a modified spectrophotometric method for content of active to thiobarbituric acid products. It was found that the most productive in absolutely dry biomass accumulation were the strains Flammulina velutipes (Curt.: Fr.) Sing. F-610 and Pleurotus eryngii (DC.: Fr.) Quél. P-er. The level of spontaneous and induced LPO intensity in mycelia of all strains was higher than this figure in the culture filtrate and increased with the duration of cultivation. Dependencies between the content of lipid peroxidation products in the mycelia and CF were not established. The lowest values were recorded for biomass accumulation by the strains Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.: Fr.) P. Kumm. P-14, P-192 and P. citrinopileatus Singer. Р-сіtr. Groups of basidiomycete cultures with different levels of TBA-AP were identified. Spontaneous and induced intensivity of lipid peroxidation in all studied strains of mycelia was higher than the figure in the culture filtrate. The intensity of lipid peroxidation in both mycelia and culture filtrate constantly increased, which can be explained by the growing shortage of certain nutrients (primarily carbon) and increased concentration of metabolic products in the medium. The ratio of spontaneous and induced lipid peroxidation intensity is specific to each strain and is independent of its systematic position. Shifting of prooxidant-antioxidant balance to a relatively stationary level is a mark of stress reaction. LPO-products can be both inductors and primary mediators of stress as a special class of biological systems. Selected strains with high rates of growth and LPO ntensity are promising for applications in biotechnology and ecology.
Spatio-temporal dynamics of the penetration resistance of recultivated soils formed after open cast mining
Authors: Zhukov A. V. , Zadorozhnaya G. А.
Published: November 2016

On the basis of studying the spatio-temporal dynamics of soil penetration resistance we proved the existence of the technozem ecomorphs as above horizon soil formations. Research was carried out at a research center for study of recultivation processes in Ordzhonikidze city. Measurement of soils penetration was made in field conditions using an Eijkelkamp penetrometer on a regular grid at depths of up to50 cmwith intervals of5 cm. Calculation of average values and degrees of variation was performed by means of descriptive statistical tools. The extent of soil penetration spatial dependence was assessed and the existence of ecomorphs was proved by means of geostatistical analysis. The degree of associativity of spatial distribution of indicators of a soil body in different years of research was established by means of correlation analysis. The level of variation in space and in time of  technozem penetration generated on loess-like loams, grey-green, red-brown clays, and also pedozems was revealed. The degree of spatial dependence of  technozem penetration within soil layers and also the linear sizes of ecomorphs as above horizon soil structures was established. The time dynamics of  penetration of various recultozems were described. As a result of research into the spatio-temporal dynamics of penetration of technozems, data confirming the hypothesis of the existence of ecomorphs as above horizon morphological soil formations were obtained. An ecomorphic approach to the study of the morphological structure of technozems is proposed. The comparative characteristics of ecomorphs from various types of technozem are presented. The results obtained solve the problem of combining the higher and lowest levels in the hierarchical system of soil organisation as a natural body, which should raise the efficiency of the analysis of relations of morphological elements as a basis for detailed reconstruction of recultivation processes, soil formation, and study of their regimes and functions.
Kisspeptin-mediated regulation of testicular activity of rats under the effect of gold nanoparticles
Authors: Kalynovskyi V. Y. , Pustovalov A. S. , Grodzyuk G. Y. , Andriushyna N. S. , Dzerzhynsky M. E.
Published: November 2016

There are a variety of biomedical applications of nanoparticles. They can be used as drug carriers, anti-tumor agents, biosensors and modulators of immune response. But full-scale real clinical application of nanomaterials requires a great deal of information on their safety and biotoxicity. Even traditionally harmless materials, like gold, can obtain toxic features when scaled to the nanosize. In vitro studies showed that nanoparticles can be geno- and cytotoxic, but their effects on the body as a whole remain largely a mystery. To shed some light on this, our study focused on the reproductive toxicity of nanomaterials. We synthesized 10–15 nm gold nanoparticles through the reduction of sodium tetrachloroaurate (III) in an alkaline medium with the addition of sodium polyphosphate as a stabilizing agent. Next, these particles were administered intraperitoneally to young and old rats for 10 days. To test functional capabilities of the testes, we injected kisspeptin-10 or its antagonist peptide-234 intracerebroventricularly. These substances are known to stimulate or inhibit the central component of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis respectively. After the routine histological procedures, we measured the diameter of seminiferous tubules and the nuclear cross-sectional area of Sertoli cells as markers of testicular spermatogenic activity and a cross-sectional area of the Leydig cells’ nuclei as a marker of testicular steroidogenesis. We found that injections of nanogold caused no significant changes in the young animals. At the same time, morphometric parameters of adult animals were significantly lower compared to control, although we observed no pathological changes in the tissue. Combined administration of gold nanoparticles and kisspeptin showed that the stimulatory effect of the latter was not observed at all. This is a specific feature of toxicants called “endocrine disruptors”. Moreover, we found morphological signs of testicular degeneration, which are characteristic of the low-testosterone state. Simultaneous injections of gold and peptide-234 resulted in the highest degree of testicular functional downregulation, regardless of age. Taken as a whole, our data indicates that gold nanoparticles disrupt the regulatory network of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, possibly due to direct action on the interstitial cells and spermatogenic epithelium.
Syntaxonomy of vegetation of Kalush hexachlorobenzene toxic waste landfill (Ivano-Frankivsk region)
Authors: Parpan V. I. , Shumska N. V. , Rudeichuk-Kobzeva M. J. , Mylenka M. M.
Published: November 2016

The vegetation of a landfill of hexachlorobenzene toxic waste was studied. It is situated in the neighborhood of Kalush (Ivano-Frankivsk region) and has an area of 4.5 ha. As a result of damage to the containers, hazardous waste has contaminated the air, soil and aquifers at the test site and adjacent areas. During the period 2010–2012 measures were taken to recover and remove the mixture of toxic waste and contaminated soil from the landfill. In its place, unpolluted soil was brought to the landfill. Work was carried out to recultivate the territory. Nowadays natural succession of vegetation cover is observed. There is closed herbaceous cover in the western part of the landfill. The total projective herbaceous cover in the central and eastern parts varies from 10% to 60%. Vegetation composition of the landfill contains eight syntaxa of association rank that belong to seven alliances, six orders and five classes. Communities of the Phragmito-Magnocaricetea and Bolboschoenetea maritimi classes (ass. Typhetum laxmanii) grow in areas with excessive humidification. The central and eastern parts of the waste landfill are primarily occupied by halophytic communities of the Puccinellio distanti-Tripolietum vulgare association of the Asteretea tripolium class. Ruderal communities belong to three associations of the Artemisietea vulgaris class. These communities mainly occur in the periphery zone of Kalush landfill. Areas with a moderate moisture regime are occupied by ruderal communities of the Calamagrostietum epigeios association of the Agropyretea repentis class. The total number of vascular herbaceous plant species at the landfill is 119. The dominating groups are meadow, synanthropic and wetland species. The differentiation of vegetation cover is caused by heterogeneity of edaphic and hydrological conditions, also by different activity of succession processes.
The role of astroglial proteins in the brains of rats under the influence of doxorubicin and Humilid
Authors: Babets Y. V. , Ushakova G. A. , Stepchenko L. M.
Published: November 2016

Doxorubicin causes toxic side effects which result in profound changes in various organs including the heart muscle, which leads to the development of cardiomyopathy, with further complications, as our earlier studies have shown. But there are complications in treatment by anthracycline chemotherapy. The reduction of toxicity of cytotoxic drugs without reduction of their antitumor action remains an important medical challenge. The S-100b and glial fibrillar acid protein (GFAP) are the key astroglial proteins which are widely used as biomarkers for neurotraumas and strokes. Thus the purpose of our work was to study the GFAP and S-100b levels under the experimental model of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy and the effect of the cytostatic separately or combined with Humilid. The level of studied proteins was measured by ELISA using monospecific antibodies against GFAP and S-100b (Sigma, USA), secondary anti-IgG labeled with horseradish peroxidase (Sigma, USA) and GFAP and S-100b standards (Sigma, USA). The experiment was conducted on white Wistar male rats weighing 210 ±50 g, which were divided into 3 groups with 8 animals in each: 1 – control, rats received saline i/p, 2 – doxorubicin 1 mg/kg i/p once weekly during 4 weeks, 3 – doxorubicin by the same scheme plus 0.01% solution of Humilid during 4 weeks. Under impact of doxorubicin an increase of fibrillar GFAP content in the rats’ hippocampus was shown, which may have occurred as a result of the proliferation of astrocytes. An increase of concentration of S-100b to 20–26% compared with the control animals was also detected in the hippocampus, thalamus and the cerebral cortex of the studied animals. Concomitant administration of doxorubicin with Humilid partially prevented the increase in concentration of GFAP and S-100b in the rats’ hippocampus. The reciprocal change in the level of S-100b and GFAP in the peripheral nervous system of the heart tissue was defined with a high degree of correlation under impact of doxorubicin. Accordingly, we have proposed the hypothesis that the increase in of the filament GFAP in the hippocampus may occur due to the development of the ischemic state under the impact of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. Humilid with doxorubicin prevented changes in the researched astroglial proteins of the heart muscle and brain parts of rats.
Biological activity of humic substances in the liver of Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)
Authors: Serova D. , Taran O. , Dyomshina O.
Published: November 2016

One important reason for non-use of medicinal drugs is their hepatotoxicity. The search for new natural biologically active substances with hepatoprotective properties and which are cost-effective is an important task today. This article presents the data on the impact of the fodder-dietary supplement Humilid alone and in combination with ascorbic acid, and Eco-Impulse on the liver of Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus Milne-Edwards, 1867). Hepatomodulation of properties of humic substances in the Humilid confirmed that stimulation of the activity of the enzyme transaminase increases the total amount of protein, especially in combination with ascorbic acid. There was inhibition of accumulation of oxidized products in the cell due to activation of catalase and superoxidedismutase. Intensification of catalase is regarded as one of the important mechanisms of adaptation of the cell under the influence of xenobiotics. Addition of ascorbic acid to the solution Humilid increased the antioxidant action of its active ingredients both through its own antioxidant properties and protection of humic acids from oxidation. Formation of response in liver cells of gerbils receiving active ingredients of the drug Eco-Impulse was accompanied by an increase in the number of TBA-active products and cytochrome C, which indicates the development of oxidative stress, which is accompanied by increased permeability of mitochondrial membranes. The results indicate the hepatoprotective properties of the active ingredients of the drug Humilid, alone and in combination with ascorbic acid, and the need for correcting the concentration of the drug Eco-Impulse for use in clinical practice.
Productivity of lactating cows fed on a diet of haylage from a vetch pea-oat mixture with the introduction of new biological preservative
Authors: Baryshnikov P. I. , Khaustov V. N. , Burtseva S. V. , Nekrasov R. V. , Chabaev M. G. , Zelenchikova A. А. , Durnikin D. A.
Published: November 2016

The effect of a new biological preservative representing a mix of lyophilized Lactobacillus plantarum VKPM V-4173, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis VKPM V-2092 and Propionibacterium acidipropionici VKPMV-5723 strains (40 : 40 : 20) on the quality of haylage prepared from a mix of vetch, oats, and pea has been studied. The total bacteria content in the preservative was 1·1011 CFU/g. Five different variants of conservation of alfalfa haylage prepared at the budding stage were evaluated under laboratory conditions. The variants included a self-conserved control and the preservative at two different dosages (3 and 6 g/ton) with and without the addition of cellulolytic enzymes. The best results were observed in the case of both the enzyme-free and the enzyme-containing preservative at the dosage equal to 6 g/ton. These variants provided the maximum protein content in the haylage (94.3% and 94.5% of the initial content, respectively) and a high content of lactic acid (62.9% and 65.4% of the total acid content, respectively) and also good organoleptic characteristics. The determined optimum biopreservative dosage was tested under industrial conditions using 750 tons of vetch-oats-pea haylage. The use of the biopreservative provided a high-quality haylage of high nutritive value. Industrial evaluation of the effect on the productivity of milk cattle (n = 15) of the addition of the biopreservative to the haylage showed that the maximum average daily yield of milk with basic fat content (3.4%) was obtained from cows of the experimental group whose ration included haylage prepared with the use of the studied preservative. This yield came to32.7 kg , which exceeded the yield for the control group (fed on self-conserved haylage) by 7.0%. Three months feeding of cows with the haylage prepared with the use of the new preservative brought a significant saving of money (4,862 rubles per a head at the prices of 2015–2016).
Protestas contra la minería en Guatemala. ¿Qué papel juegan las élites en los conflictos?
Authors: Aguilar-Støen Mariel , Bull Benedicte
Published: November 2016

Las protestas de los movimientos contra la industria extractiva, particularmenteen Guatemala, han sido enfrentadas en la mayoría de los casos con respuestasviolentas de parte del Gobierno y de las compañías mineras. El análisis poneparticular atención a la forma en la que las élites operan y construyen alianzas,y manejan los recursos y medios para imponerse, generalmente con violencia. Elanálisis presentado en este artículo sugiere que la respuesta violenta del Gobiernoes el resultado de lo que la élite percibe como nuevas amenazas, en un contexto en elcual la vieja élite económica no ha logrado establecer una dominación hegemónica.La respuesta violenta está respaldada por una estrategia que resulta de una alianzadiscursiva y material en la que están implicados los militares, la élite económica –lavieja y la emergente– y el Gobierno. Se exponen y analizan también las demandasdel movimiento de resistencia a la minería para entender de mejor forma el poder alcual se enfrentan los movimientos de resistencia.
Consideraciones clave para el debate sobre la minería metálica en El Salvador
Authors: McKinley Andrés
Published: November 2016

El presente artículo plantea la larga y dura batalla, por más de una década contrala minería metálica en El Salvador y analiza los factores clave que influyen en eldebate en torno a este tema. La discusión se centra en los altos niveles de deterioroambiental que actualmente padece este país y que lo dejan en una situación deespecial vulnerabilidad frente a la amenaza de la minería industrial. Describeen detalle la amenaza de la minería metálica al medio ambiente a nivel mundial,sobretodo a los recursos hídricos del planeta; explica la amenaza específica de laminería metálica al desarrollo sostenible en El Salvador, donde la mayoría de losdepósitos de oro y plata están situados en la cuenca del estratégico río Lempa; planteael balance desfavorable entre los costos y los beneficios de la minería metálica parapaíses como El Salvador, y analiza el amplio rechazo de la ciudadanía e institucionesclave a dicha industria. El artículo se cierra con una discusión y recomendacionessobre los desafíos de la buena gobernanza, la necesidad de políticas públicas clarasy efectivas y el desafío a largo plazo de la construcción de alternativas al modeloextractivo para el desarrollo de los países.
Los recursos en disputa. El caso del conflicto minero en Rancho Grande, Nicaragua
Authors: Sánchez González Mario
Published: November 2016

El 12 de octubre del 2015, el Gobierno de Nicaragua declaró inviable la actividad minera en el municipio de Rancho Grande, luego de una década de lucha contra la minería. Esta investigación analiza la acción colectiva del movimiento social campesino, Guardianes de Yaoska, el primero en el país que logra incidir en la decisión del Estado de Nicaragua en declarar inviable un proyecto de explotación minera metálica. Este precedente histórico es, en cierta manera, resultado de un variado repertorio de acciones contenciosas no violentas, desarrollado de manera progresiva por dicho movimiento en su lucha contra la minería, en un contexto económico nacional e internacional adverso.
El impacto de la renovación carismática en la Iglesia católica de Guatemala
Authors: Thorsen Jakob
Published: November 2016

Después de una introducción histórica al movimiento de la Renovación Carismática Católica (RCC) en América Latina, este artículo describe etnográficamente cómo el catolicismo carismático se desarrolla hoy en día en Guatemala, y cómo afecta la vida diaria de una parroquia católica en la Ciudad de Guatemala. Analiza el impacto de la RCC en los documentos de la Iglesia institucional y en la implementación de diversos planes pastorales a nivel nacional y latinoamericano. El artículo está basado principalmente en un trabajo de campo (junio-diciembre de 2009) en la Ciudad de Guatemala, más uno (de octubre de 2014 a enero de 2015) en Santiago Atitlán (Sololá, Guatemala).
Historia de los Hermanos Espirituales y otros frutos modernistas de la religiosidad vernácula guatemalteca
Authors: García Espada Antonio
Published: November 2016

El modernismo –en tanto categoría historiográfica aplicada en diferentes grados de precisión a una serie de corrientes literarias, plásticas, filosóficas y teológicas– caracteriza también a un contexto histórico que es fundamental para la comprensión del fenómeno de los santos apócrifos salvadoreños conocidos como Hermanos Espirituales. Esta es una forma de religiosidad vernácula que en la actualidad pasa unas veces por católica, otras por esotérica e incluso como un trasunto de la religiosidad prehispánica. Sin embargo, el archivo evidencia una estrecha relación entre el espiritismo positivista de principios del siglo XX y el fenómeno de los Hermanos Espirituales. Dicho vínculo permite entrever complejas estrategias de simulación y falsa adscripción como uno de los rasgos dominantes de esta forma de devoción popular. De aquí se deducen dos importantes características: por una parte, la capacidad de la religiosidad vernácula salvadoreña de alimentarse de fuerzas antagónicas y, por otra, la también paradójica contribución de los procesos secularizadores de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX a la renovación del capital simbólico y al aumento de creatividad espiritual.
"Paper cadavers: the archives of dictatorshio in Guatemala", de Kirsten Weld
Authors: Pimentel Chacón Jonathan
Published: November 2016

Resumen del libro "Paper cadavers: the archives of dictatorshio in Guatemala", de Kirsten Weld
"Dinámica de la protesta social en Honduras", de Eugenio Sosa
Authors: Almeida Paul
Published: November 2016

Resumen del libro "Dinámica de la protesta social en Honduras", de Eugenio Sosa
"El tiempo que nos toca. Juventud, historia y sociedad en El Salvador", de Mario Zúñiga Núñez
Authors: Menjívar Ochoa Mauricio
Published: November 2016

Resumen del libro "El tiempo que nos toca. Juventud, historia y sociedad en El Salvador", de Mario Zúñiga Núñez
"Legado. Testimonio gráfico de las luchas del movimiento popular costarricense durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX", de Álvaro Rojas y José Zúñiga
Authors: Mora Solano Sindy
Published: November 2016

Resumen del libro "Legado. Testimonio gráfico de las luchas del movimiento popular costarricense durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX", de Álvaro Rojas y José Zúñiga
Identification of two substrates of FTS_1067 protein – An essential virulence factor of Francisella tularensis
Authors: Spidlova Petra , Senitkova Iva , Link Marek , Stulik Jiri
Published: November 2016

Francisella tularensis is a highly virulent intracellular pathogen with the capacity to infect a variety of hosts including humans. One of the most important proteins involved in F. tularensis virulence and pathogenesis is the protein DsbA. This protein is annotated as a lipoprotein with disulfide oxidoreductase/isomerase activity. Therefore, its interactions with different substrates, including probable virulence factors, to assist in their proper folding are anticipated. We aimed to use the immunopurification approach to find DsbA (gene locus FTS_1067) interacting partners in F. tularensis subsp. holarctica strain FSC200 and compare the identified substrates with proteins which were found in our previous comparative proteome analysis. As a result of our work two FTS_1067 substrates, D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase family protein and HlyD family secretion protein, were identified. Bacterial two-hybrid systems were further used to test their relevance in confirming FTS_1067 protein interactions.
Hormone (ACTH, T3) content of immunophenotyped lymphocyte subpopulations
Authors: Pállinger Éva , Kiss Gergely Attila , Csaba György
Published: November 2016

Cells of the immune system synthesize, store, and secrete polypeptide and amino acid type hormones, which also influence their functions, having receptors for different hormones. In the present experiment immunophenotyped immune cells isolated from bone marrow, thymus, and peritoneal fluid of mice were used for demonstrating the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and triiodothyronine (T3) hormone production of differentiating immune cells. Both hormones were found in each cell type, and in each maturation state, which means that all cells are participating in the hormonal function of the immune system. The lineage-independent presence of ACTH and T3 in differentiating hematopoietic cells denotes that their expression ubiquitous during lymphocyte development. Higher ACTH and T3 content of B cells shows that these cells are the most hormonally active and suggests that the hormones may have an autocrine regulatory role in B cell development. Developing T cells showed heterogeneous hormone production which was associated with their maturation state. Differences in the hormone contents of immune cells isolated from different organs indicate that their hormone production is defined by their differentiation or maturation state, however, possibly also by the local microenvironment.
Role of bolA and rpoS genes in biofilm formation and adherence pattern by Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 on polypropylene, stainless steel, and silicone surfaces
Authors: Adnan Mohd , Sousa Ana Margarida , Machado Idalina , Pereira Maria Olivia , Khan Saif , Morton Glyn , Hadi Sibte
Published: November 2016

Escherichia coli has developed sophisticated means to sense, respond, and adapt in stressed environment. It has served as a model organism for studies in molecular genetics and physiology since the 1960s. Stress response genes are induced whenever a cell needs to adapt and survive under unfavorable growth conditions. Two of the possible important genes are rpoS and bolA. The rpoS gene has been known as the alternative sigma (σ) factor, which controls the expression of a large number of genes, which are involved in responses to various stress factors as well as transition to stationary phase from exponential form of growth. Morphogene bolA response to stressed environment leads to round morphology of E. coli cells, but little is known about its involvement in biofilms and its development or maintenance. This study has been undertaken to address the adherence pattern and formation of biofilms by E. coli on stainless steel, polypropylene, and silicone surfaces after 24 h of growth at 37 °C. Scanning electron microscopy was used for direct examination of the cell attachment and biofilm formation on various surfaces and it was found that, in the presence of bolA, E. coli cells were able to attach to the stainless steel and silicone very well. By contrast, polypropylene surface was not found to be attractive for E. coli cells. This indicates that bolA responded and can play a major role in the presence and absence of rpoS in cell attachment.
PENINGKATAN PERFORMA REPRODUKSI INDUK BETINA IKAN LELE (Clarias gariepinus) PADA MUSIM KEMARAU MELALUI PEMELIHARAAN SECARA INDOOR
Authors: Suwargono Pudji , Pangestika Maya Febriana
Published: November 2016

Budidaya ikan lele (Clarias gariepinus) semakin populer di masyarakat, karena ikan lele memiliki banyak keunggulan, antara lain mudah dibudidayakan dan pertumbuhan yang cepat. Permintaan benih yang berkualitas terus meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya produksi untuk memenuhi permintaan pasar. Salah satu kendala dalam penyediaan benih ikan lele terjadi pada musim kemarau, di mana induk betina mengalami penurunan performa reproduksi. Salah satu alternatif pemecahan masalah tersebut adalah melalui manajemen pemeliharaan induk dengan manipulasi lingkungan. Tujuan dari uji coba ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi performa reproduksi dari induk-induk betina ikan lele pada musim kemarau yang dipelihara di dalam ruangan (indoor) dibandingkan dengan di luar ruangan (outdoor). Uji coba ini terdiri atas dua perlakuan pemeliharaan induk-induk betina ikan lele selama dua bulan, yaitu pemeliharaan secara indoor dalam bak beton dan pemeliharaan secara outdoor dalam bak beton dan kolam tanah. Hasil uji coba ini menunjukkan bahwa induk-induk betina ikan lele yang dipelihara secara indoor pada musim kemarau memiliki performa reproduksi yang lebih baik daripada yang dipelihara secara outdoor, yakni 94,72% induk matang gonad (dibandingkan 20,46% pada bak beton outdoor dan 15,87% pada kolam tanah outdoor), nilai indeks ovisomatik sebesar 15,27 ± 4,2% (dibandingkan 11,70 ± 4,19% pada bak beton outdoor dan 8,18 ± 2,10% pada kolam tanah outdoor) dan fekunditas sebesar 115.546 ± 22.426 butir/kg induk (dibandingkan 71.322 ± 32.768 butir/kg induk pada bak beton outdoor dan 59.402 ± 15.246 butir/kg induk pada kolam tanah outdoor)
KULTUR ROTIFER (Brachionus rotundiformis) MENGGUNAKAN SUMBER PAKAN RAGI ROTI YANG DIPERKAYA DENGAN MINYAK IKAN
Authors: Ardika Kadek , Muhdiat Muhdiat , Restiada I Nyoman , Shadiq Jafar
Published: November 2016

Ragi roti dapat digunakan sebagai pakan alternatif bagi rotifer (Brachionus rotundiformis) pada saat kepadatan fitoplankton (Nannochloropsis oculata) kurang mencukupi. Rotifer adalah mikroorganisme (zooplankton) yang memegang peranan penting sebagai jasad pakan awal pada perbenihan beberapa jenis ikan laut. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan populasi rotifer pada kultur menggunakan sumber pakan ragi roti dengan penambahan minyak ikan dosis berbeda. Dosis minyak ikan yang digunakan yaitu: 2 µg/ind., 4 µg/ind., dan 8 µg/ind. Kepadatan awal rotifer 20 ind./mL menggunakan sumber pakan ragi roti dengan dosis 0,5 g/106 ind. rotifer/hari pada masing-masing bak percobaan. Wadah kultur menggunakan bak fiber volume 30 liter. Perlakuan percobaan diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan rotifer yang diberi minyak ikan dengan dosis 2 µg/ind. mencapai kepadatan tertinggi sebanyak 127 ind./mL dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya, dengan waktu optimal produksi dua hari
FAKTOR-FAKTOR DOMINAN YANG MEMPENGARUHI PRODUKTIVITAS TAMBAK DI KABUPATEN PINRANG, SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Mustafa Akhmad , Ratnawati Erna
Published: November 2016

Kabupaten Pinrang memiliki tambak terluas di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan dan ditetapkan sebagai pusat pengembangan produksi udang windu, namun produktivitas tambaknya masih relatif rendah. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor dominan yang berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas tambak di Kabupaten Pinrang. Sebagai peubah tergantung adalah produktivitas tambak, sedangkan sebagai peubah bebas adalah faktor-faktor status pembudi daya tambak, kondisi tambak, pengelolaan tambak, kualitas air tambak, dan kualitas tanah tambak yang masing-masing terdiri atas 9, 11, 31, 11, dan 17 peubah. Regresi berganda dengan peubah boneka digunakan untuk menganalisis data untuk memprediksi peubah tergantung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produktivitas tambak di Kabupaten Pinrang rata-rata 499 kg/ha/musim. Produktivitas tambak di Kabupaten Pinrang masih dapat ditingkatkan melalui penambahan tenaga kerja dan pemisahan saluran pemasukan dan pengeluaran air serta penambahan tinggi pematang agar tinggi air juga dapat ditingkatkan. Aplikasi pupuk urea pada saat persiapan tambak dan aplikasi urea dan SP-36 sebagai pupuk susulan dapat meningkatkan produktivitas tambak, sebaliknya aplikasi KCl pada saat persiapan tambak dapat menurunkan produktivitas tambak. Pengurangan kapur susulan dan peningkatan pupuk yang mengandung fosfat dapat meningkatkan produktivitas tambak.Pinrang Regency has largest brackishwater ponds in South Sulawesi Province and determined as a centre for developing of shrimp production. However, their brackishwater ponds productivity is still low. Because of that, it was conducted research with aims to know the dominant factors that effect on the productivity of brackishwater pond in Pinrang Regency. As a dependent variable in this research was productivity of brackishwater ponds. Independent variables were grouped into: (a) farmer status factor, consist of 9 variables; (b) pond condition factor, consist of 11 variables; (c) pond management factor, consist of 31 variables; (d) water quality factor, consist of 11 variables and (e) soil quality factor, consist of 17 variables. Multiple regressions with dummy variable were used to analyze the data in predicting dependent variable. The results showed that the productivity of brackishwater pond in Pinrang Regency was 499 kg/ha/cycle in average. The productivity of brackishwater pond could be increased through addition of labor and separating of outlet and inlet canals and making higher the pond dyke for increasing the water depth. Application of urea fertilizer as an initial fertilizing and application urea and SP-36 as a continuing fertilizing could be increased the brackishwater pond productivity. In contrary, application of KCl fertilizer as an initial fertilizing would be decreased the brackishwater ponds productivity. Decreasing of continuing liming and increasing the fertilizer containing phosphate would be increased the brackishwater ponds productivity in Pinrang Regency.
PENGARUH PADAT TEBAR BERBEDA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN SINTASAN RAJUNGAN ( Portunus pelagicus ) DI TAMBAK
Authors: Suharyanto Suharyanto , Tahe Suwardi
Published: November 2016

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan padat tebar optimal rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) yang dibesarkan di tambak. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Instalasi Tambak Percobaan Balai Riset Perikanan Budidaya Air Payau Maranak, Maros selama 98 hari. Tambak yang digunakan adalah berukuran 100 m2 tiga petak, 125 m2 tiga petak, dan tiga petak yang lain berukuran 150 m2. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok, dengan masing-masing luasan tambak 100, 125, dan 150 m2 sebagai kelompok. Perlakuan yang diaplikasikan adalah padat tebar 1 ind./m2, 3 ind./m2, dan 5 ind./m2 berukuran lebar karapas rata-rata 3,9 ± 0,6 cm dan bobot 8,3 ± 1,3 g; masing-masing tiga kali ulangan. Selama pemeliharan diberikan pakan ikan rucah dengan dosis 5% dari total biomassa per hari. Parameter yang diamati adalah pertumbuhan lebar karapas, bobot, dan sintasan serta produksi. Selama percobaan beberapa kualitas air diamati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa padat tebar tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan lebar karapas dan bobot rajungan yang dibesarkan di tambak (P>0,05) tetapi berpengaruh nyata terhadap sintasan dan produksi (P<0,05). Perlakuan yang tertinggi sintasannya diperoleh pada perlakuan 1 ind./m2, yaitu 10,7%.The aim of this experiment was to find out the optimal stocking density of swimming crabs ( Portunus pelagicus ) reared in brackishwater ponds. The research was conducted in research station of Research Institute for Brackishwater Aquaculture Maranak, Maros, South Sulawesi for 98 days. Nine brackishwater ponds were used in this research and the dimension were 100 m2, 125 m2, and 150 m2, three brackishwater ponds, respectively. Experimental design used the Block Randomized Design, stocking densities were applied 1, 3, and 5 ind./m2 with three replicates respectively, average size of 3.9 ± 0.6 cm in carapace width and 8.3 ± 1.3 g in body weigth. During the rearing the crabs were fed with trace fish given of twice a day, dosage 5% of total body weight a day. During the experiment, the determined parameters were carapace width, survival rate and production. The result showed that the effect of stocking density not significantly different on the growth of carapace width and weight (P>0.05) but the survival rate was significantly different (P<0.05). The highest survival rate obtained on the treatment of 1 ind./m2, it was 10.7%.