bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Negative Cognitions Prior to Trauma Predict Acute Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptomatology
Authors: Su Yi‐Jen , Chen Sue‐Huei
Published: March 2018

Based on emotional processing theory, preexisting negative cognitions may contribute to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. The present study prospectively examined the association between preexisting PTSD‐related cognitions and subsequent acute PTSD symptoms, and the potential mediators of this association. We also compared the effect of preexisting depressive cognitions and preexisting PTSD‐related cognitions on PTSD symptoms. In the current study, 810 Taiwanese undergraduates completed a baseline survey (T1), of which 73.1% (n = 592) participated in a second survey two months later (T2). Of those who completed both surveys, 97 experienced a trauma at least one week before T2; this group comprised the final sample. Hierarchical regression showed that preexisting PTSD‐related cognitions (β = .38, p < .001, sr2 = .117), but not preexisting depressive cognitions (β = .11, p = .315, sr2 = .011), were a significant and substantial predictor of acute PTSD symptoms after we controlled for established pretrauma risk factors (i.e., gender, prior trauma, and prior psychological problems). Multiple mediation analysis revealed that negative appraisal of symptoms (a1b1 = 0.90, 95% CI [0.16, 2.18], PM = .251) and trauma‐related rumination (a3b3 = 1.23, 95% CI [0.23, 2.86], PM = .341), but not trauma memory disorganization (a2b2 = 0.65, 95% CI [−0.17, 1.92], PM = .182), significantly mediated between preexisting PTSD‐related cognitions and acute PTSD symptoms. Our findings highlight the role of preexisting negative cognitions in acute PTSD symptomatology. The development of PTSD symptoms is likely determined by the interaction of risk factors before and after trauma.
Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Rather Than Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Best Account for Altered Emotional Responses in Military Veterans
Authors: Marquardt Craig A. , Goldman Daniel J. , Cuthbert Bruce N. , Lissek Shmuel , Sponheim Scott R.
Published: March 2018

Emotional dysfunction is evident in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), yet it is unclear what aspects of the disorder most directly relate to aberrant emotional responding. Also, the frequent co‐occurrence of blast‐related mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) among recently deployed U.S. military personnel complicates efforts to understand the basis for emotional disruption. We studied a cross‐sectional sample (enriched for PTSD and mTBI) of 123 U.S. veterans of wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. We measured subjective affective evaluations and peripheral psychophysiological responses to images with pleasant, neutral, unpleasant, and combat‐related aversive content. When compared with other postdeployment participants, those who had combat‐related PTSD rated pleasant image content as less positive ( = .04) and less arousing ( = .06), and exhibited heightened physiological responsivity to combat image content ( = .07). Symptoms of PTSD were associated with elevated skin conductance responses (β = .28), reduced heart rate deceleration (β = .44 to .47), and increased corrugator facial muscle electromyography (β = .47). No effects for blast‐related mTBI were observed across any affective modulation measures. These findings point to a greater impact of PTSD symptomatology than blast‐related mTBI on emotional functioning and highlight the utility of dimensional assessments of psychopathology for understanding the effects of combat‐stress conditions on adjustment to civilian life.
An estimation of the extent of cropland abandonment in mountainous regions of China
Authors: Li Shengfa , Li Xiubin , Sun Laixiang , Cao Guiying , Fischer Guenther , Tramberend Sylvia
Published: March 2018

With the wages for migrant workers increasing dramatically in China since 2003, the size of the agricultural labour forces has been shrinking rapidly. Intensively substituting agricultural machinery for the shrinking farm labour force is hardly possible for croplands in the mountainous regions of China where mechanization is difficult to achieve due to small field size and rough terrain. This has eventually led to cropland abandonment in these regions. Considering the high pressure for food security in China, cropland abandonment in the mountainous regions should not be ignored. By employing a novel method, this study estimates the extent of recently abandoned croplands (period 2000–2010) and the changes that can be expected in the future in China's mountainous areas. The results show that the total extent of abandoned croplands in Chinese mountainous counties during the period 2000 to 2010 is estimated at 147 million mu (1 mu = 666.67 m2); in total, about 28% of croplands in mountainous counties was abandoned, including croplands converted in the Grain for Green Programme. With 3 scenario assumptions, a sizeable extent, 114 to 203 million mu, of croplands may be abandoned from 2010 to 2030 with the rapid decrease and ageing of projected farm labour forces. This could exacerbate the future challenges of maintaining China's food security. A substantial increase in agricultural project investments, including land consolidation and agricultural productive fixed assets, especially microtillage machines, could help mitigate the risk of cropland abandonment. Additionally, land‐use and environmental policymaking should take into account the expanding cropland abandonment in mountainous regions.
Liver transplantation for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Lee David D. , Croome Kristopher P. , Musto Kaitlyn R. , Melendez Jose , Tranesh Ghassan , Nakhleh Raouf , Taner C. Burcin , Nguyen Justin H. , Patel Tushar , Harnois Denise M.
Published: March 2018

Although hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become a common indication for liver transplantation (LT), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and combined hepatocellular carcinoma–cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC‐CCA) are historically contraindicated due to their aggressive behavior. On the basis of recent experiences, some groups have proposed a clinical trial investigating the role of LT for patients with early cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), defined as a single lesion ≤ 2 cm. The purpose of this study is to assess the clinicopathologic features and outcomes following LT for patients who were initially diagnosed with HCC and subsequently found to have either ICC or cHCC‐CCA on explant. Patients with the diagnosis of primary liver cancer (PLC) after LT from a single center were retrospectively reviewed. Outcomes for patients with early CCA were compared with patients with HCC within Milan criteria (MC). Out of 618 patients transplanted with PLC, 44 patients were found to have CCA on explant. On the basis of preoperative imaging, 12 patients met criteria for early CCA and were compared with 319 patients who had HCC within MC. The 1‐ and 5‐year overall survival for early CCA versus HCC was 63.6% versus 90.0% and 63.6% versus 70.3% (log‐rank, P = 0.25), respectively. Overall recurrence was 33.3% for early CCA versus 11% for HCC. On explant the patients with CCA were more likely understaged with higher tumor grade and vascular invasion. In conclusion, patients with CCA present a diagnostic challenge, which often leads to the finding of more aggressive lesions on explant after LT, higher recurrence rates, and worse post‐LT survival. Careful consideration of this diagnostic conundrum needs to be made before a clinical trial is undertaken. Liver Transplantation 24 634–644 2018 AASLD.
Exponential H∞ synchronization for discrete‐time chaotic neural networks with time delays and stochastic perturbations via output feedback control
Authors: Hai Q. , Liu S. T. , Jiang C. M.
Published: March 2018

This paper investigates the problem of exponential H∞ synchronization of discrete‐time chaotic neural networks with time delays and stochastic perturbations. First, by using the Lyapunov‐Krasovskii (Lyapunov) functional and output feedback controller, we establish the H∞ performance of exponential synchronization in the mean square of master‐slave systems, which is analyzed using a matrix inequality approach. Second, the parameters of a desired output feedback controller can be achieved by solving a linear matrix inequality. Finally, 2 simulated examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Classical symmetries and conservation laws for the dissipative Dullin‐Gottwald‐Holm equation with arbitrary coefficients
Authors: Camacho J. C. , Rosa M. , Gandarias M. L. , Bruzón M. S.
Published: March 2018

In this work we study the classical Lie symmetries and the consevations laws of a generalized Dullin‐Gottwald‐Holm equation with arbitrary coefficients.
A randomized, controlled trial of magnetic therapy for carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Baute Vanessa , Keskinyan Vahakn S. , Sweeney Erica R. , Bowden Kayla D. , Gordon Allison , Hutchens Janet , Cartwright Michael S.
Published: March 2018

Introduction: Magnet therapy has been proposed as a treatment for neurologic conditions. In this this trial we assessed the feasibility and efficacy of a magnet inserted into a wristband for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Methods: Twenty‐two patients with mild to moderate CTS were randomized to wear a high‐dose or low‐dose “sham” magnetic wristband for 6 weeks. The primary outcome was the Symptom Severity Scale (SSS) of the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire. Secondary measures were nerve conduction studies (NCS), median nerve ultrasound, and compliance. Results: Compliance for both groups was >90%. Improvements in the mean SSS, NCS, and median nerve ultrasound did not reach statistical significance. Discussion: Magnet therapy via wristband is well‐tolerated. Further investigations in larger populations are needed to determine efficacy. Muscle Nerve 58: 310–313, 2018
Unnatural amino acids improve affinity and modulate immunogenicity: Developing peptides to treat MHC type II autoimmune disorders
Authors: Meister Daniel , Taimoory S. Maryamdokht , Trant John F.
Published: March 2018

Many autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and celiac disease (CD), arise from improper immune system recognition of self or benign peptides as threats. No autoimmune disease currently has a cure. Many treatments suppress the entire immune system to decrease symptom severity. The core molecular interaction underlying these diseases involves specific alleles of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) receptor hosting the immunodominant peptides associated with the disease (i.e., myelin basic protein, Type II collagen, or α‐gliadin) in their binding groove. Once bound, circulating T‐cells can recognize the HLA‐antigen complex and initiate the complex cascade that forms an adaptive immune response. This initial HLA‐antigen interaction is a promising target for therapeutic intervention. Two general strategies have been pursued: altered peptide ligands (APLs) that attempt to recruit a different class of T‐cell to induce an anti‐inflammatory response to balance the pro‐inflammatory response associated with the antigen; and HLA‐blockers (HLABs), peptides that quantitatively displace the antigen to inhibit the immune response. Both approaches would benefit from improved HLA‐drug binding, but as the HLA receptors are highly promiscuous, the binding sites are not specific for any natural amino acid. Unnatural amino acids, either designed or screened through high‐throughput assays, may provide a solution. This review summarizes the nascent field of using noncanonical residues to treat MS, RA and CD, focusing on the importance of specific molecular interactions, and provides some examples of the synthesis of these unnatural residues.
Outcome evaluation of a pharmacy‐based therapy management program for patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Kirkham Heather S. , Staskon Francis , Hira Nishita , McLane Darren , Kilgore Karl M. , Parente Alexis , Kim Seung , Sawicki Gregory S.
Published: March 2018

Objective

To compare medication adherence, pulmonary exacerbations, healthcare utilization, and costs for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) who utilized a pharmacy‐based therapy management program to a matched control group. We hypothesized that patient management services would be associated with better medication adherence, and thus require fewer visits to the emergency room or hospitalizations.

Methods

This retrospective, observational cohort study used claims data from the MORE2 claims Registry®. The sample consisted of CF patients, aged 6+, who had ≥1 pharmacy claim for inhaled tobramycin, inhaled aztreonam, ivacaftor, or dornase alfa from 6/2/2014‐5/31/2015. Adherence was measured as proportion of days covered (PDC). Propensity score matching and multivariable regression techniques were used to compare outcomes in program participants to matched controls.

Results

Of the 236 intervention and 724 control patients meeting selection criteria, 202 were propensity‐matched from each cohort. Relative to the control cohort, program patients had 23% higher mean PDC for tobramycin (IRR = 1.23, P = 0.01) and were twice as likely to be adherent to tobramycin (PDC ≥ 80%) than matched controls (OR = 2.14, P = 0.04). Program patients had fewer ER visits (IRR = 0.52, P < 0.01) and slightly lower ER costs (IRR = 0.66, P = 0.06) than the control patients.

Conclusion

A pharmacy‐based therapy management program for CF patients was associated with higher adherence to inhaled tobramycin and lower ER rates. Pharmacies that provide therapy management can support effective CF care management.
Interaction of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae with chlorpyrifos ethyl and spinosad in Spodoptera frugiperda larvae
Authors: Rivero‐Borja Maribel , Guzmán‐Franco Ariel W , Rodríguez‐Leyva Esteban , Santillán‐Ortega Candelario , Pérez‐Panduro Alejandro
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

The high natural resistance of the fall armyworm (FAW) to entomopathogenic fungi and the speed at which it develops resistance to chemical insecticides make it difficult to control in several crops where it is a key pest. The aim of the study was to improve mortality by combining a 50% lethal concentration of chlorpyrifos ethyl or spinosad with the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bb88) or Metarhizium anisopliae (ETL).

RESULTS

Three main results were obtained. (i) Both insecticides improved the performance of the fungus when the insecticide and fungus were applied simultaneously and when spinosad preceded fungi. In control larvae treated with fungi, <1% of larvae showed fungal sporulation, but under simultaneous application of the fungus with
chlorpyrifos or spinosad, 31 and 47% did so, with 68 and 93% of cadavers showing sporulation, respectively. (ii) Synergistic mortality was observed when Bb88 and spinosad were applied simultaneously, which resulted in 34% more dead larvae than the spinosad control (44%). Finally, (iii) antagonism occurred when Bb88 was applied before chlorpyrifos, when Bb88 and chlorpyrifos were applied simultaneously, and when ETL was applied before chlorpyrifos, which reduced larval mortality by 27, 31 and 19%, respectively.

CONCLUSION

The synergistic mortality and improved fungal performance observed here support the hypothesis that combinations of low insecticide doses and entomopathogenic fungi can enhance integrated pest management programs and reduce the environmental impact of insecticides. Antagonism shows that some particular combinations and application sequences may produce disadvantages in pest control. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Teach‐and‐repeat path following for an autonomous underwater vehicle
Authors: King Peter , Vardy Andrew , Forrest Alexander L.
Published: March 2018

This paper presents a teach‐and‐repeat path‐following method for an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) navigating long distances in environments where external navigation aides are denied. This method utilizes sonar images to construct a series of reference views along a path, stored as a topological map. The AUV can then renavigate along this path, either to return to the start location or to repeat the route. Utilizing unique assumptions about the sonar image‐generation process, this system exhibits robust image‐matching capabilities, providing observations to a discrete Bayesian filter that maintains an estimate of progress along the path. Image‐matching also provides an estimate of offset from the path, allowing the AUV to correct its heading and effectively close the gap. Over a series of field trials, this system demonstrated online control of an AUV in the ocean environment of Holyrood Arm, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The system was implemented on an International Submarine Engineering Ltd. Explorer AUV and performed multiple path completions over both a 1 and 5 km track. These trials illustrated an AUV operating in a fully autonomous mode, in which navigation was driven solely by sensor feedback and adaptive control. Path‐following performance was as desired, with the AUV maintaining close offset to the path.
A real‐time field experiment on search and rescue operations assisted by unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Niedzielski Tomasz , Jurecka Mirosława , Miziński Bartłomiej , Remisz Joanna , Ślopek Jacek , Spallek Waldemar , Witek‐Kasprzak Matylda , Kasprzak Łukasz , Świerczyńska‐Chlaściak Małgorzata
Published: March 2018

This paper reports on the performance of a novel system for supporting search and rescue activities, known as SARUAV (search and rescue unmanned aerial vehicle), in a field experiment during which a real‐world search scenario was simulated. The experiment took place on March 2–3, 2017, at two sites located in southwestern Poland. Three groups acted in the experiment: (1) SARUAV and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operators, (2) ground searchers, and (3) participants who simulated being lost. In the uncomplicated topography without snow cover, the system identified the lost persons, and ground searchers found them 31 min after the SARUAV report had been disseminated. In the mountainous area covered with snow, one person was found within 9 min after searchers received the SARUAV report; however, the other two persons were not identified by SARUAV. The field experiment served as a proof of concept of the SARUAV system, confirmed its potential in person identification studies, and helped to identify numerous scientific and technical problems that need to be solved to develop a mature version of the system.
What Is Student Engagement?
Authors: Groccia James E.
Published: March 2018

This chapter reviews the history and various definitions of student engagement and proposes a multidimensional model from which one can develop a variety of engagement opportunities that lead to a rich and challenging higher education experience.
Rules of (Student) Engagement
Authors: Buskist William , Busler Jessica N. , Kirby Lauren A. J.
Published: March 2018

Teachers often think of student engagement in terms of hands‐on activities that get students involved in their courses. They seldom consider the larger aspects of the teaching–learning environment that often influence the extent to which students are willing to become engaged in their coursework. In this chapter, we describe five “rules of engagement” that help promote safe and supportive classroom environments, which in turn increase the likelihood that students will feel comfortable—and indeed willing—to become engaged learners.
Undergraduate Research as Engaged Student Learning
Authors: Wolf Lorraine W.
Published: March 2018

This chapter discusses the impact of undergraduate research as a form of engaged student learning. It summarizes the gains reported in post‐fellowship assessment essays acquired from students participating in the Auburn University Undergraduate Research Fellowship Program. The chapter also discusses the program's efforts to increase opportunities for students to engage in undergraduate research in the context of challenges faced by public research universities.
Current husbandry situation of red pandas in Japan
Authors: Tanaka Ai , Ogura Tadatoshi
Published: March 2018

The red panda (Ailurus fulgens) is an endangered semi‐arboreal folivore with a specialized diet of bamboo leaves. Zoos worldwide maintain red pandas under a variety of housing environments and husbandry procedures that may affect the reproductive success and longevity of captive red pandas. The aims of the present study were to investigate how red pandas are kept in Japan and to obtain useful insights to increase their longevity by comparing the results from a questionnaire sent to Japanese zoos and those from a previous survey conducted in other countries. We received responses from 42 out of 52 zoos, holding a total of 219 individual red pandas, in Japan. The age‐sex distribution indicated that red panda populations in Japan need close attention to be maintained sustainably. Of the husbandry aspects surveyed, the number of individuals in the same zoo, enclosure size, and the frequency of bamboo feeding factors indicated to affect reproductive success. Frequent monitoring of body weight, implementation of husbandry training, and bamboo feeding were also suggested as the reasons for the longevity of red pandas in Japan. Zoos were provided with sufficient physical features in on‐exhibit enclosures, close monitoring for health status, and proper feeding, but other aspects of husbandry such as enclosure size and structures in off‐exhibit spaces were insufficient and might compromise animal welfare.
Asymptotic symmetries and geometry on the boundary in the first order formalism
Authors: Korovin Yegor
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Proper understanding of the geometry on the boundary of a spacetime is a critical step on the way to extending holography to spaces with non-AdS asymptotics. In general the boundary cannot be described in terms of the Riemannian geometry and the first order formalism is more appropriate as we show. We analyze the asymptotic symmetries in the first order formalism for large classes of theories on AdS, Lifshitz or flat space. In all cases the asymptotic symmetry algebra is realized on the first order variables as a gauged symmetry algebra. First order formalism geometrizes and simplifies the analysis. We apply our framework to the issue of scale versus conformal invariance in AdS/CFT and obtain new perspective on the structure of asymptotic expansions for AdS and flat spaces.
Ökologische Sukzession der Fischfauna im neuen Traisen-Laufes in den Jahren 2014 bis 2017
Authors: Friedrich Thomas , Erhard Felix , Pinter Kurt , Reckendorfer Walter , Schmutz Stefan , Unfer Günther
Published: March 2018

Der Unterlauf der Traisen wurde von 2012 bis 2016 im Rahmen eines LIFE+ Projektes auf rund 10 km Länge gänzlich neu gestaltet. Dabei wurde der alte kanalisierte Arm mit mehreren Sohlschwellen als Altwasser bzw. Überwasserkanal erhalten und ein völlig neuer, naturnaher Lauf durch den Auwald angelegt. Das begleitende Monitoring der Fischfauna wird jährlich mittels verschiedener Methoden durchgeführt und zeigt bereits im kurzen Zeitraum seit der Fertigstellung eine schnelle Besiedelung durch eine Vielzahl von Arten und sehr hohe Dichten. Während der alte Lauf keine Laich- und kaum Juvenilhabitate aufwies, sind im neuen Lauf sehr hohe Jungfischzahlen verschiedenster Arten zu beobachten. Vor allem die vollständige Öffnung des Kontinuums zur Donau am Ende der Bauarbeiten führte unmittelbar zu einem Anstieg und dem Nachweis der Reproduktion donautypischer Fischarten.
Historische Landnutzung und Siedlungsentwicklung in Flussauen und Hochwasserschutz: Das Beispiel der Traisen und St. Pöltens 1870–2000
Authors: Haidvogl Gertrud , Eberstaller Jürgen , Eberstaller-Fleischanderl Doris , Fraiß Bernhard , Gabriel Hannes , Hohensinner Severin
Published: March 2018

Auen sind ein wichtiger Teil des Ökosystems Flusslandschaft. Ihre Ausdehnung und ökologische Funktionsfähigkeit haben vor allem in den letzten 200 Jahren durch die zunehmende menschliche Nutzung stark abgenommen. Die Kolonisierung von Flussauen ging Hand in Hand mit einem grundlegenden Wandel im Hochwasserschutz. Dieser Artikel beschreibt anhand des Beispiels der Traisenflusslandschaft im Bereich der Stadt St. Pölten die parallel verlaufenden und sich gegenseitig beeinflussenden Prozesse von Landnutzungsänderung, Siedlungsentwicklung und Ausbau technischer Hochwasserschutzmaßnahmen. Im räumlichen und zeitlichen Verlauf der Siedlungsentwicklung St. Pöltens in den Traisenauen waren Industrialisierung, Urbanisierung, städtische Planung und technische Hochwasserschutzpraktiken treibende Faktoren. Die Stadt dehnte sich im 20. Jahrhundert kontinuierlich in die Traisenauen aus. Diese Expansion beschränkte sich zunächst auf die Ränder des HQ100-Abflussraums, während entlang der seit 1909 existierenden Hochwasserschutzdämme bis 1960 ein Grünland- bzw. Auwaldstreifen verblieb. Dieser wurde bewusst von Bebauung freigehalten und bei größeren Hochwässern überschwemmt. Nach dem Hochwasser von 1959 gab die Stadt auch die traisennahen Flächen als Bauzonen frei. Diese Entscheidung fiel parallel zum Entschluss, den Hochwasserschutz auf ein 100-jährliches Abflussereignis auszubauen. In den folgenden Jahrzehnten entstanden auch direkt an der Traisen dauerhafte Wohngebäude und -siedlungen. Aktuell stellen die vorhandenen Nutzungen sowie die dadurch verursachten ökologischen Folgen das Gewässermanagement vor große Herausforderungen. Diese können nur mithilfe von einzugsgebietsbezogener Planung, der Integration von vielfältigen Anforderungen inklusive der Ökologie und der Berücksichtigung der Raumplanung als Steuerungsinstrument gelöst werden.
Implant failure in bilateral metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasties: a clinical and pathological study
Authors: Uchihara Yoshinubo , Grammatopoulos George , Munemoto Mitsuru , Matharu Gulraj , Inagaki Yusuke , Pandit Hemant , Tanaka Yasuhito , Athanasou Nick A.
Published: March 2018

Metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasties (MoMHRAs) have a high failure rate due to pseudotumour formation. It is not certain whether pseudotumours in bilateral MoMHRAs form on the basis of an adverse reaction to metal debris (ARMD) that is entirely due to a local innate and adaptive immune response to Cobalt-Chrome (Co-Cr) wear particles. To determine if there is a systemic component to ARMD in bilateral MoMHRAs, we examined the histology of ARMD in unilateral and bilateral MoMHRAs revised for pseudotumour and determined whether implant survival differed between these two groups. Periprosthetic tissue specimens from 119 hips revised for pseudotumour were examined. These were derived from 109 patients including 10 patients with bilateral MoMHRAs and 99 with sunilateral MoMHRAs including a cohort of 20 patients with bilateral MoMHRAs that had undergone only one MoMHRA revision for pseudotumour. The mean time to revision for pseudotumour of unilateral and bilateral MoMHRAs was determined. The histology of periprosthetic tissue was examined for evidence of the innate and adaptive immune response and scored semi-quantitatively. There was no significant difference in histological features of the innate / adaptive response between Group 1 bilateral pseudotumours and Group 2 and Group 3 unilateral pseudotumours. Histological features, including ALVAL scores, were similar in the periprosthetic tissues of right and left hips in Group 1 bilateral MoMHRAs. The mean time to first revision for pseudotumour of bilateral MoMHRAs (6.59 years) was not decreased compared with unilateral MoMHRAs (5.66 years) or bilateral MoMHRAs that had only one revision (7.05 years). Right and left hip pseudotumours in bilateral MoMHRAs exhibit similar histological features of the innate and adaptive immune response. Mean implant survival is not decreased in bilateral compared with unilateral MoMHRA cases. The findings suggest that pseudotumour formation is due more to a local than a systemic innate /adaptive immune response to components of metal wear.
Disopyramide use in infants and children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: O’Connor Matthew J. , Miller Kelley , Shaddy Robert E. , Lin Kimberly Y. , Hanna Brian D. , Ravishankar Chitra , Rossano Joseph W.
Published: March 2018

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has a range of clinical severity in children. Treatment options are limited, mainly on account of small patient size. Disopyramide is a sodium channel blocker with negative inotropic properties that effectively reduces left ventricular outflow tract gradients in adults with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, but its efficacy in children is uncertain. A retrospective chart review of patients ⩽21 years of age with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at our institution and treated with disopyramide was performed. Left ventricular outflow tract Doppler gradients before and after disopyramide initiation were compared as the primary outcome measure. Nine patients received disopyramide, with a median age of 5.6 years (range 6 days–12.9 years). The median left ventricular outflow tract Doppler gradient before initiation of disopyramide was 81 mmHg (range 30–132 mmHg); eight patients had post-initiation echocardiograms, in which the median lowest recorded Doppler gradient was 43 mmHg (range 15–100 mmHg), for a median % reduction of 58.2% (p=0.002). With median follow-up of 2.5 years, eight of nine patients were still alive, although disopyramide had been discontinued in six of the nine patients. Reasons for discontinuation included septal myomectomy (four patients), heart transplantation (one patient), and side effects (one patient). Disopyramide was effective for the relief of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, although longer-term data suggest that its efficacy is not sustained. In general, it was well tolerated. Further study in larger patient populations is warranted.
Parental perception of child weight and its association with weight-related parenting behaviours and child behaviours: a Chinese national study
Authors: Zhang Ting , Cai Li , Jing Jin , Ma Lu , Ma Jun , Chen Yajun
Published: March 2018

Objective

Parents commonly fail to correctly recognize the weight status of their child. Whether parental perception of child weight is associated with weight-related parenting behaviours and child behaviours is unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the distribution of parental perception of child weight and its associations with weight-related parenting behaviours and child behaviours in China.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Seven provinces in China.

Subjects

A total of 47 417 children aged 6–17 years and their parents were included from a national survey in 2013. Parental perception of child weight, weight-related parenting behaviours and child behaviours were self-reported. Child’s weight and height were objectively measured.

Results

A total of 30·5 % of parents underestimated and 8·7 % overestimated the child’s weight. Parental underestimation was more common among younger children, boys and children with a lower BMI Z-score. Parents who perceived that their child had a healthy weight (accurately or inaccurately) were more likely to prepare breakfast for the child, exercise with him/her, set apart his/her exercise time, restrict his/her screen time, and were less likely to store soft drinks for the child. Children perceived to have a healthy weight, regardless of their actual weight status, behaved healthier on dietary intake, physical activity and homework time.

Conclusions

Parental underestimation of their child’s weight was prominent in China, especially among younger children, boys and children with a lower BMI Z-score. Parental recognition of their child being overweight did not appear to translate into healthy changes in weight-related parenting behaviours or child behaviours.
Nano-JASMINE and small-JASMINE data analysis
Authors: Yamada Yoshiyuki , Shirasaki Yuji , Nishi Ryoichi
Published: March 2018

Space astrometry missions Nano-JASMINE and small-JASMINE are planned in Japan. Data analysis tasks are performed under Gaia-JASMINE collaboration in long time. We expected to achieve 3 mas accuracy in Nano-JASMINE, and 20 micro arcsec in small-JASMINE of astrometric performance. Gaia DR1 publication and instruction is done from NAOJ and Niigata University.
The TGAS HR diagram of barium stars
Authors: Escorza A. , Boffin H. M. J. , Jorissen A. , Siess L. , Van Eck S. , Shetye S. , Pourbaix D. , Van Winckel H.
Published: March 2018

Barium stars are formed via binary interaction with a former AGB companion. Observations are needed to constrain theoretical models and better understand their evolution and surface composition. We present the HR diagram of Ba and related stars, using the recently released TGAS parallaxes, and the mass distribution of the Ba giants that we derived from it.
Runaway companions of supernova remnants with Gaia
Authors: Boubert Douglas , Fraser Morgan , Evans N. Wyn
Published: March 2018

It is expected that most massive stars have companions and thus that some core-collapse supernovae should have a runaway companion. The precise astrometry and photometry provided by Gaia allows for the systematic discovery of these runaway companions. We combine a prior on the properties of runaway stars from binary evolution with data from TGAS and APASS to search for runaway stars within ten nearby supernova remnants. We strongly confirm the existing candidate HD 37424 in S147, propose the Be star BD+50 3188 to be associated with HB 21, and suggest tentative candidates for the Cygnus and Monoceros Loops.
Close stellar encounters with the Sun from the first Gaia Data Release
Authors: Bailer-Jones Coryn A. L.
Published: March 2018

I present preliminary results of searching for close stellar encounters with the Sun using the first Gaia data release. Gl 710 is found to be a much closer encounter than found in pre-TGAS studies. More detailed results will be reported in an upcoming publication (Bailer-Jones 2017, in preparation).
Gaia view of low-mass star formation
Authors: Manara C. F. , Prusti T. , Voirin J. , Zari E.
Published: March 2018

Understanding how young stars and their circumstellar disks form and evolve is key to explain how planets form. The evolution of the star and the disk is regulated by different processes, both internal to the system or related to their environment. The former include accretion of material onto the central star, wind emission, and photoevaporation of the disk due to high-energy radiation from the central star. These are best studied spectroscopically, and the distance to the star is a key parameter in all these studies. Here we present new estimates of the distance to a complex of nearby star-forming clouds obtained combining TGAS distances with measurement of extinction on the line of sight. Furthermore, we show how we plan to study the effects of the environment on the evolution of disks with Gaia, using a kinematic modelling code we have developed to model young star-forming regions.
New Astronomical Reduction of Old Observations (the NAROO project)
Authors: Arlot Jean-Eudes , Robert Vincent , Lainey Valery , Neiner Coralie , Thouvenin Nicolas
Published: March 2018

The Gaia astrometric reference catalogue will provide star proper motions with an accuracy of one mas one century ago for stars of magnitude 14 or brighter. Our project is to re-reduced the old observations with the new catalogue allowing to have an astrometric accuracy only limited by the observational biases and not by reference stars. Then, we plan to get an accuracy of 50 mas where the old reductions were not better than 500 mas!

For our purpose, we will digitize old photographic plates with a sub-micrometric scanner. Tests were made using the UCAC catalogue showing that old photographic plates have an intrinsect accuracy of 30 to 60 mas.
Age dependence of metallicity gradients in the Galactic disc from astrometry and asteroseismology
Authors: Casagrande Luca
Published: March 2018

Asteroseismology allows us to determine stellar parameters (distances, masses and ages) independently from Gaia astrometry, and it provides us with a new and complementary tool for studying stellar populations in the Galaxy. The prospects and synergies that asteroseismic and astrometric space-borne missions reserve to the field of Galactic archaeology are marvellous, and results have already started to emerge. For example, the study of metallicity gradients as function of age will provide powerful constraints to understand the evolution of the Milky Way disc at high-redshift.
The Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution
Authors: Lindegren Lennart
Published: March 2018

Gaia DR1 is based on the first 14 months of Gaia's observations. This is not long enough to reliably disentangle the parallax effect from proper motion. For most sources, therefore, only positions and magnitudes are given. Parallaxes and proper motions were nevertheless obtained for about two million of the brighter stars through the Tycho-Gaia astrometric solution (TGAS), combining the Gaia observations with the much earlier Hipparcos and Tycho-2 positions. In this review I focus on some important characteristics and limitations of TGAS, in particular the reference frame, astrometric uncertainties, correlations, and systematic errors.
Open star clusters and Galactic structure
Authors: Joshi Yogesh C.
Published: March 2018

In order to understand the Galactic structure, we perform a statistical analysis of the distribution of various cluster parameters based on an almost complete sample of Galactic open clusters yet available. The geometrical and physical characteristics of a large number of open clusters given in the MWSC catalogue are used to study the spatial distribution of clusters in the Galaxy and determine the scale height, solar offset, local mass density and distribution of reddening material in the solar neighbourhood. We also explored the mass-radius and mass-age relations in the Galactic open star clusters. We find that the estimated parameters of the Galactic disk are largely influenced by the choice of cluster sample.
Revisiting TW Hydrae association in light of Gaia-DR1
Authors: Teixeira R. , Gonoretzky E. R. , Ducourant C. , Galli P. A. B. , Krone-Martins A. G. O.
Published: March 2018

TW Hydrae is a very young and nearby association with about 30 known members which is an excellent target for studies on stellar evolution since several of its members present a particular interest (planetary system, brown dwarfs, etc.). With the new data from TGAS and the Gaia DR1 eventually combined with others astrometric data we intend to improve our kinematic knowledge of this association.
Finding the stars that reionized the Universe
Authors: Sharma Mahavir , Theuns Tom , Frenk Carlos
Published: March 2018

We study the abundance of the remnants of stars that reionized the Universe in galaxies in the present day Universe using the eagle cosmological hydrodynamical simulation. High mass galaxies contain most of these ‘reionizers’. The fractional number of galaxies that do not host reionizers increases with decreasing stellar mass, M⋆. For the galaxies that host reionizers, the fraction of mass of the galaxy in reionizers increases with decreasing M⋆, such that the fraction is low (~10−4) for high mass galaxies and can be as high as 0.1 in low mass galaxies, M⋆ ≤ 107 M⊙. In Milky-Way like galaxies, the distribution of reionizers is spatially more extended than that of normal stars.
HST Proper Motions of Distant Globular Clusters: Constraining the Formation & Mass of the Milky Way
Authors: Sohn S. Tony , van der Marel Roeland P. , Deason Alis , Bellini Andrea , Besla Gurtina , Watkins Laura
Published: March 2018

Proper motions (PMs) are required to calculate accurate orbits of globular clusters (GCs) in the Milky Way (MW) halo. We present our HST program to create a PM database for 20 GCs at distances of RGC = 10–100 kpc. Targets are discussed along with PM measurement methods. We also describe how our PM results can be used for Gaia as an external check, and discuss the synergy between HST and Gaia as astrometric instruments in the coming years.
Dynamics of the Oort Cloud In the Gaia Era I: Close Encounters
Authors: Torres S. , Zwart S. Portegies , Brown A. G. A.
Published: March 2018

Comets in the Oort cloud evolve under the influence of internal and external perturbations from giant planets to stellar passages, the Galactic tides, and the interstellar medium.Using the positions, parallaxes and proper motions from TGAS in Gaia DR1 and combining them with the radial velocities from the RAVE-DR5, Geneva-Copenhagen and Pulkovo catalogues, we calculated the closest encounters the Sun has had with other stars in the recent past and will have in the near future. We find that the stars with high proper motions near to the present time are missing in the Gaia-TGAS, and those to tend to be the closest ones. The quality of the data allows putting better constraints on the encounter parameters, compared to previous surveys.
The evolution history of the extended solar neighbourhood
Authors: Just Andreas , Sysoliatina Kseniia , Koutsouridou Ioanna
Published: March 2018

Our detailed analytic local disc model (JJ-model) quantifies the interrelation between kinematic properties (e.g. velocity dispersions and asymmetric drift), spatial parameters (scale-lengths and vertical density profiles), and properties of stellar sub-populations (age and abundance distributions). We discuss a radial extension of the disc evolution model representing an inside-out growth of the thin disc with constant thickness. Based on metallicity distributions of APOGEE red clump stars we derive the AMR as function of galactrocentric distance and show that mono-abundance as well as mono-age populations are flaring. The predictions of the JJ-model are consistent with the TGAS-RAVE data, which provide a significant improvement of the kinematic data and unbiased distances for more than 250,000 stars.
G-Band Period-Luminosity Relation For Galactic Cepheids Based on Gaia DR1 Measurements
Authors: Ngeow Chow-Choong , Bhardwaj Anupam , Kanbur Shashi M.
Published: March 2018

Classical Cepheids (hereafter Cepheids) are important standard candle as they obey the famous period-luminosity (PL) relation. Parallax measurements from Gaia offer a unique opportunity to derive or calibrate the PL relations for Galactic Cepheids, as traditionally their distances were measured via different methods. In this work, we attempted to derive the Gaia G-band PL relation based on the Gaia Data Release 1 (DR1) measurements. We adopted the inferred distances provided by Astraatmadja & Bailer-Jones (2016), calculated using two priors in a Bayesian analysis, and cross-matched to known Galactic Cepheids. The resulting G-band PL relation, however, exhibits a much larger scatter than expected. Hence the inferred distances based on the Gaia DR1 parallaxes are not suitable for calibrating the Galactic PL relation, and future Data Releases with improved parallax measurements are desirable.
Reanalysis of 24 Nearby Open Clusters using Gaia data
Authors: Yen Steffi X. , Reffert Sabine , Röser Siegfried , Schilbach Elena , Kharchenko Nina V. , Piskunov Anatoly E.
Published: March 2018

We have developed a fully automated cluster characterization pipeline, which simultaneously determines cluster membership and fits the fundamental cluster parameters: distance, reddening, and age. We present results for 24 established clusters and compare them to literature values. Given the large amount of stellar data for clusters available from Gaia DR2 in 2018, this pipeline will be beneficial to analyzing the parameters of open clusters in our Galaxy.
[Y/Mg] stellar dating calibration
Authors: Titarenko A. , Recio-Blanco A. , de Laverny P. , Hayden M. , Guiglion G. , Worley C.
Published: March 2018

Gaia DR1 has opened a new era of stellar age dating, that is crucial for many astrophysical objectives. In addition, the Gaia based isochrone fitting ages can be compared to other chemical clocks like the [Y/Mg] one (Nissen et al. 2015). In our work we have used ESO archived data of the AMBRE project (de Laverny et al. 2013) for UVES spectra, in order to evaluate the age [Y/Mg] abundance correlation for turn off stars. 310 turn off stars of the UVES-archive (setups 564 and 580) are included in the TGAS database. Isochrone fitting ages were derived. We have applied the GAUGUIN procedure for those stars to derive the Mg and the Y abundances. As the result we present the [Y/Mg] vs stellar age dependence for ~40 TO-stars.
Detailed analysis of clonal evolution and cytogenetic evolution patterns in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and related myeloid disorders
Authors: Schanz Julie , Cevik Naciye , Fonatsch Christa , Braulke Friederike , Shirneshan Katayoon , Bacher Ulrike , Haase Detlef
Published: March 2018

Clonal cytogenetic evolution (CE) (i.e., acquisition of new chromosomal aberrations over time) is relevant for the progression of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). We performed detailed analysis of CE in 729 patients with MDS and related disorders. Patients with CE showed shorter survival (median OS 18.0 versus 53.9 months; P < 0.01), higher leukemic transformation rate (48.0% versus 21.4%; P < 0.01) and shorter intervals to leukemic transformation (P < 0.01). Two main CE patterns were detected: early versus late CE (median onset 5.3 versus 21.9 months; P < 0.01) with worse survival outcomes for early CE. In the case of CE, del (7q)/−7 (P = 0.020) and del (17p) (P = 0.002) were especially unfavorable. Extending the evolution patterns from Tricot et al. (1985) forming five subgroups, prognosis was best (median OS not reached) in patients with “transient clones/changing clone size”, whereas those with “CE at diagnosis” showed very poor outcomes (P < 0.01 for comparison of all). Detailed sequential cytogenetic analysis during follow-up improves prognostication in MDS patients and acknowledges the dynamic biology of the disease. Evidence, time-point, and patterns of cytogenetic clonal evolution should be included into future prognostic scoring systems for MDS.
LncRNA HCP5 promotes follicular thyroid carcinoma progression via miRNAs sponge
Authors: Liang Leilei , Xu Jingchao , Wang Meng , Xu Gaoran , Zhang Ning , Wang Guangzhi , Zhao Yongfu
Published: March 2018

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are important functional regulators in cancer, have received increased attention in recent years. In this study, next-generation sequencing technology was used to identify aberrantly expressed lncRNAs in follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). The long non-coding RNA–HLA complex P5 (HCP5) was found to be overexpressed in FTC. The results of the qPCR analysis were consistent with the sequencing results. In addition, functional experiments showed that overexpression of HCP5 can promote the proliferation, migration, invasiveness and angiogenic ability of FTC cells. Furthermore, according to the sequencing results, HCP5 and alpha-2, 6-sialyltransferase 2 (ST6GAL2) were co-expressed in FTC. We hypothesised that ST6GAL2 may be regulated by HCP5, which would in turn mediate the activity of FTC cells. Through qPCR, immunostaining analyses and functional experiments, we determined that the expression of HCP5 was elevated and was correlated with the levels of ST6GAL2 in FTC tissues and cells. Mechanistic experiments showed that HCP5 functions as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and acts as a sponge for miR-22-3p, miR-186-5p and miR-216a-5p, which activates ST6GAL2. In summary, our study revealed that HCP5 is a tumour regulator in the development of FTC and that it may contribute to improvement of FTC diagnosis and therapy.