bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2D Materials‐Based Electrochemical Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Pace Giuseppina , del Rio Castillo Antonio Esau , Lamperti Alessio , Lauciello Simone , Bonaccorso Francesco
Published: March 2023

The integration of 2D materials in triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is known to increase the mechanical‐to‐electrical power conversion efficiency. 2D materials are used in TENGs with multiple roles as triboelectric material, charge‐trapping fillers, or as electrodes. Here, novel TENGs based on few‐layers graphene (FLG) electrodes and stable gel electrolytes composed of liquid phase exfoliated 2D‐transition metal dichalcogenides and polyvinyl alcohol are developed. TENGs embedding FLG and gel composites show competitive open‐circuit voltage (≈ 300 V), instant peak power (530 mW m−2), and stability (> 11 months). These values correspond to a seven‐fold higher electrical output compared to TENGs embedding bare FLG electrodes. It is demonstrated that such a significant improvement depends on the high electrical double‐layer capacitance (EDLC) of FLG electrodes functionalized with the gel composites. The wet encapsulation of the TENGs is shown to be an effective strategy to increase their power output further highlighting the EDLC role. It is also shown that the EDLC is dependent upon the transition metal (W vs Mo) rather than the relative abundance of 1T or 2H phases. Overall, this work lays down the roots for novel sustainable electrochemical‐(e)‐TENGs developed exploiting strategies typically used in electrochemical capacitors.
Insights into the Pseudocapacitive Behavior of Sulfurized Polymer Electrodes for Li–S Batteries
Authors: Sapkota Nawraj , Chiluwal Shailendra , Parajuli Prakash , Rowland Alan , Podila Ramakrishna
Published: March 2023

Practical applications of sulfurized polymer (SP) materials in Li–S batteries (LSBs) are often written off due to their low S content (≈35 wt%). Unlike conventional S8/C composite cathodes, SP materials are shown to function as pseudocapacitors with an active carbon backbone using a comprehensive array of tools including in situ Raman and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Critical metric analysis of LSBs containing SP materials with an active carbon skeleton shows that SP cathodes with 35 wt% S are suitable for 350 Wh kg−1 target at the cell level if S loading >5 mg cm−2, electrolyte‐to‐sulfur ratio <2 µL mg−1, and negative‐to‐positive ratio <5 can be achieved. Although 3D current collectors can enable such high loadings, they often add excess mass decreasing the total capacity. An “active” carbon nanotube bucky sandwich current collector developed here offsets its excess weight by contributing to the electric double layer capacity. SP cathodes (35 wt% S) with ≈5.5 mg cm−2 of S loading (≈15.8 mg cm−2 of SP loading) yield a sulfur‐level gravimetric capacity ≈1360 mAh gs−1 (≈690 mAh gs−1), electrode level capacity 200 mAh gelectrode−1 (100 mAh gelectrode−1), and areal capacity ≈7.8 mAh cm−2 (≈4.0 mAh cm−2) at 0.1C (1C) rate for ≈100 cycles at E/S ratio = 7 µL mg−1.
Optimally Configured Optical Fiber Near‐Field Enhanced Plasmonic Resonance Immunoprobe for the Detection of Alpha‐Fetoprotein
Authors: Jing Jianying , Liu Kun , Jiang Junfeng , Xu Tianhua , Xiao Lu , Zhan Xiaohan , Liu Tiegen
Published: March 2023

The detection of trace biomarkers is an important supplementary approach for early screening and diagnoses of tumors. An optical fiber near‐field enhanced plasmonic resonance immunoprobe is developed for the detection of the hepatocellular carcinoma biomarker, i.e., the alpha‐fetoprotein. Generic principles based on dispersion models and finite element analysis (FEA) models are developed to realize the optimized configuration of spectral characteristics of the immunoprobe. Dispersion models provide theoretical guidance for the design of the multilayer sensing structure from the perspective of the ray optics theory. FEA models provide theoretical guidance for the selection of coating materials from the perspective of the self‐defined dielectric constant ratio, i.e., the ratio of the real part to the imaginary part. The optimized configuration of the antibody coupling further improves the biosensing performance of the immunoprobe. The limit of detection (LOD) can reach down to 0.01 ng mL−1, which is one order of magnitude lower than those relevant reported works. Such a low LOD can more effectively avoid the accuracy degradation of detection results due to measurement errors. Human serum samples have also been detected, with the good precision achieved. This work shows promising prospects in applications of label‐free, low‐cost, rapid, and convenient early screening of tumors.
Nanographene‐Based Heterojunctions for High‐Performance Organic Phototransistor Memory Devices
Authors: Bai Shaoling , Yang Lin , Haase Katherina , Wolansky Jakob , Zhang Zongbao , Tseng Hsin , Talnack Felix , Kress Joshua , Andrade Jonathan Perez , Benduhn Johannes , Ma Ji , Feng Xinliang , Hambsch Mike , Mannsfeld Stefan C. B.
Published: March 2023

Organic phototransistors can enable many important applications such as nonvolatile memory, artificial synapses, and photodetectors in next‐generation optical communication and wearable electronics. However, it is still a challenge to achieve a big memory window (threshold voltage response ∆Vth) for phototransistors. Here, a nanographene‐based heterojunction phototransistor memory with large ∆Vth responses is reported. Exposure to low intensity light (25.7 µW cm−2) for 1 s yields a memory window of 35 V, and the threshold voltage shift is found to be larger than 140 V under continuous light illumination. The device exhibits both good photosensitivity (3.6 × 105) and memory properties including long retention time (>1.5 × 105 s), large hysteresis (45.35 V), and high endurance for voltage‐erasing and light‐programming. These findings demonstrate the high application potential of nanographenes in the field of optoelectronics. In addition, the working principle of these hybrid nanographene‐organic structured heterojunction phototransistor memory devices is described which provides new insight into the design of high‐performance organic phototransistor devices.
Traffic Lights for Catalysis: Stimuli‐Responsive Molecular and Extended Catalytic Systems
Authors: Thaggard Grace C. , Haimerl Johanna , Fischer Roland A. , Park Kyoung Chul , Shustova Natalia B.
Published: March 2023

The advances made in the field of stimuli‐responsive catalysis during the last five years with a focus on the novel recently‐emerged directions and applications have been surveyed. Metal‐free catalysts and organometallic complexes, as well as biomimetic systems and extended structures, which display switchable catalytic activity for a variety of organic transformations, are discussed. Light‐activated systems comprised of photochromic molecules capable of modulating reaction rate, yield, or enantioselectivity based on geometric and electronic changes associated with photoisomerization are the focus of the detailed discussion. Alternative stimuli, including pH and temperature, which could be applied either alone or in combination with light, are also addressed. Recent advances clearly demonstrate that the capability to finely tune catalyst behavior via an external stimulus is a powerful tool that could alter the landscape of sustainable chemistry.
Recent advances in mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs)‐based approaches for osteoarthritis (OA) therapy
Authors: Hassanzadeh Ali , Vousooghi Nasim , Rahimnia Ramin , Razeghian Ehsan , Rajaeian Simin , Seyhoun Iman , Sharif Shiva , Verdi Javad
Published: March 2023

Recently, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) transplantation has been introduced as a promising option to support cartilage structure and improve its function in preclinical models and patients suffering from osteoarthritis (OA). MSCs strongly provoke their preferred influence in vivo by inhibiting the inflammatory responses and applying immunomodulation by releasing anti‐inflammatory mediators such as transforming growth factor‐β and interleukin‐10. Such mediators downregulate fibroblast‐like synoviocytes growth and migration, leading to chondroprotection. Furthermore, improving the chondrocyte proliferation and extracellular matrix hemostasis in addition to the suppression of the matrix metalloproteinases activities can support cartilage tissue organization. In this light, various published results have demonstrated that MSCs therapy can considerably decrease pain and restore knee function in OA patients. In the current review, we have concentrated on recent advances in MSCs‐based therapeutics to elicit both chondrogenic and chondroprotective impacts in OA patients, focusing on the last decade in vivo results.
Measures of social deprivation and outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Torabi Asad J. , Von der Lohe Elisabeth , Kovacs Richard J. , Frick Kyle A. , Kreutz Rolf P.
Published: March 2023

Background

Disparities in socioeconomic status are a frequently cited factor associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes. The social deprivation index (SDI) can be used to quantify socioeconomic resources at the population level.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess the association of SDI with clinical outcomes following percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI).

Methods

This was a retrospective observational analysis of patients who underwent PCI and were included in a multicenter cardiac catheterization registry study. Baseline characteristics, congestive heart failure (CHF) readmission rates and survival were compared between patients with the highest and lower SDI. SDI was calculated based on the US community survey census tract‐level data.

Results

Patients within the highest SDI quintile (n = 1843) had more comorbidities and a higher risk of death [hazard ratio (HR): 1.22 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.1–1.39, p = 0.004); log rank: p = 0.009] and CHF readmission [HR: 1.56 (1.39–1.75, p < 0.001); log rank: p < 0.001) as compared with those in the lower quintiles (n = 10,201) during mean follow‐up of 3 years. Increased risk of highest SDI for all‐cause mortality and CHF remained significant after adjustment in multivariable analysis for factors associated with highest SDI.

Conclusions

Patients within the highest SDI quintile had a greater proportion of comorbidities as well as higher risk for adverse outcomes as compared with patients with a lower SDI following PCI.
Professional identity development of international counseling doctoral students: A hybrid approach of deductive and inductive thematic analysis
Authors: Li Dan , Liu Yanhong
Published: March 2023

We explored the professional identity development of nine international counseling doctoral students. Our findings broadly corroborated Dollarhide et al.’s general model but revealed further nuances that need to be carefully contextualized at the intersection of a constellation of identities and experiences that international students bring to the counseling profession.
Magnetic Peroxidase Nanozyme Gears Up for Microplastic Removal and Deconstruction
Authors: Palliyarayil Ansari , Kumar Borah Rajani , Vernekar Amit A.
Published: March 2023

Plastic is an important commodity that is used in several sectors. However, plastic waste generation is a pressing issue and needs attention as it risks the environment. While methods such as landfilling, incineration and recycling are known for handling plastic waste, they have their own limitations like generation of secondary pollutants and the low quality of the recycled plastic. In this scenario, new methods and technologies for efficiently handling plastic waste are the need of the hour as it is aggravating the concern of pollution and its health risks. This highlight article predominantly focuses on the recently reported combinatorial approach (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2022, 61, e202212013), where it has been shown that integrating the magnetic property of bare Fe3O4 nanoparticles and nanozyme technology can be used for microplastic removal and degradation with nearly 100 % efficiency.
A many‐objective optimization algorithm with dual criteria and mixed distribution correction strategy
Authors: Zhang Zhixia , Wen Jie , Cai Xingjuan , Cui Zhihua
Published: March 2023

In many‐objective optimization algorithms, it is very important to maintain significant convergence and diversity of the population. And with the increasing demand in various fields, the optimization problem also becomes gradually complicated. Some existing many‐objective optimization algorithms are faced with challenges such as domination resistance and dimensional crisis. To solve these challenges, a many‐objective optimization algorithm based on dual criteria and mixed distribution correction strategy (MaOEA‐CSMDC) is proposed in this paper. To be specific, a matching selection strategy based on dual criteria combined by pareto domination strategy and achievement scalar function, which alleviates the domination resistance phenomenon and enhances the selection pressure of the algorithm. After that, an environment selection strategy based on equal probability mixed distribution correction is designed to better balance convergence and diversity. In this strategy, normal distribution, exponential distribution, and Cauchy distribution are introduced to adjust the weight of convergence and diversity in evolution by means of equal probability, so as to alleviate the problem that the conflict between them is intensified in the later stage of the algorithm. The experimental results show that, MaOEA‐CSMDC not only has advantages in convergence and diversity indicators, but also is more competitive in solving many‐objective optimization problems.
PV interneurons evoke astrocytic Ca2+ responses in awake mice, which contributes to neurovascular coupling
Authors: Krogsgaard Aske , Sperling Leonora , Dahlqvist Matilda , Thomsen Kirsten , Vydmantaite Gabriele , Li Fangyuan , Thunemann Martin , Lauritzen Martin , Lind Barbara Lykke
Published: March 2023

Neurovascular coupling (NVC) modulates cerebral blood flow to match increased metabolic demand during neuronal excitation. Activation of inhibitory interneurons also increase blood flow, but the basis for NVC caused by interneurons is unclear. While astrocyte Ca2+ levels rise with excitatory neural transmission, much less is known with regards to astrocytic sensitivity to inhibitory neurotransmission. We performed two‐photon microscopy in awake mice to examine the correlation between astrocytic Ca2+ and NVC, evoked by activation of either all (VGATIN) or only parvalbumin‐positive GABAergic interneurons (PVIN). Optogenetic stimulation of VGATIN and PVIN in the somatosensory cortex triggered astrocytic Ca2+ increases that were abolished by anesthesia. In awake mice, PVIN evoked astrocytic Ca2+ responses with a short latency that preceded NVC, whereas VGATIN evoked Ca2+ increases that were delayed relative to the NVC response. The early onset of PVIN evoked astrocytic Ca2+ increases depended on noradrenaline release from locus coeruleus as did the subsequent NVC response. Though the relationship between interneuron activity and astrocytic Ca2+ responses is complex, we suggest that the rapid astrocyte Ca2+ responses to increased PVIN activity shaped the NVC. Our results underline that interneuron and astrocyte‐dependent mechanisms should be studied in awake mice.
Incipient Nucleophilic Attack on a Carbonyl Group Adjacent to a Stereogenic Centre in Peri Naphthalene Derivatives
Authors: Bristow Jonathan C. , Leslie Ray , Wallis John D.
Published: March 2023

The crystal structures of four peri‐naphthalene derivatives model the Felkin–Anh approach of a nucleophilic centre (OH or NMe2) to a carbonyl group attached to a stereogenic centre bearing a large (phenyl), medium (methyl) and a small (hydrogen) group. Thus, the conformation about the (O=)C−C* bond directs the phenyl group approximately perpendicular to the carbonyl group and away from the nucleophile, whose line of approach lies close to the hydrogen atom attached to the stereogenic centre. The nucleophile approaches the carbonyl group at 102.99(11)‐112.34(9)° (for NMe2) and at 118.56(14)° (for OH). The small pyramidalization of the carbonyl carbon towards the nucleophile increases as the nucleophilic centre approaches closer.
Oil prices and geopolitical risk: Fresh insights based on Granger‐causality in quantiles analysis
Authors: Shahbaz Muhammad , Sharif Arshian , Soliman Alaa M. , Jiao Zhilun , Hammoudeh Shawkat
Published: March 2023

This study examines the causality relationship between oil price movements and geopolitical risks for a group of 18 geopolitically sensitive countries, using monthly data by implementing all quantiles distributions. Contrary to earlier studies, which have applied the Granger‐causality through the conditional mean regression, this research estimates the association between the variables through Granger causality within quantiles. Evidence of a two‐way causality is found linking the changes in geopolitical risk and fluctuations in oil prices in the case of Thailand, Argentina, Israel, China, Mexico India, Korea, Indonesia, South Africa, Turkey, Philippines, Venezuela, Ukraine, and others. In addition, it is confirmed that oil prices Granger cause geopolitical risks for the countries like Brazil, Malaysia, and Colombia. Furthermore, a one‐way causality direction is found from changes in geopolitical risk to shifts in oil prices in Russia and Saudi Arabia, which are observed as super oil rich states. This study findings highlight the importance of government policies and business strategies that aim at containing the effects of geopolitical risk and the resulting oil price movements.
Exploring effects of Simvastatin on coagulation mediators to alleviate the advancement of high cholesterol diet triggered neurodegeneration
Authors: Khan Sana , Hasan Noorul , Khan Saba , Akhtar Mymoona , Akhtar Mohammad , Najmi Abul Kalam
Published: March 2023

The objectives of our study were to investigate the possible effect of Simvastatin in ameliorating high cholesterol diet (HCD)‐induced neurodegeneration and to also investigate its possible action on coagulation mediators. In silico and in vitro studies were performed to evaluate the impact of Simvastatin on prime coagulation mediators. HCD was used to induce neuropathology in wistar rats and histopathological and immunohistochemical studies were performed to evaluate the efficacy of Simvastatin in preventing the advancement of neurodegeneration in obese rats. Biochemical analyses were used to estimate changes in lipid profile, oxidative stress, inflammatory and coagulation markers. Simvastatin showed good theoretical affinity to coagulation proteins, significantly reversed changes in inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers which were induced by HCD. Enhanced fibrinolytic activity of Simvastatin was revealed through in vitro analysis. Immunohistoanalysis showed raised level of Nrf2. Histopathological studies also supported neuroprotective potential of Simvastatin in HCD fed rats. Simvastatin demonstrated reduced hypercoagulation, enhanced fibrinolysis and reversed neurodegeneration in HCD exposed rats suggesting its potential role in preventing the progression of neurodegeneration in obesity.
STAT2‐induced linc02231 promotes tumorigenesis and angiogenesis through modulation of hnRNPA1/ANGPTL4 in colorectal cancer
Authors: Xu Shufen , Fang Ying , Chang Lisha , Bian Yibo , Wang Yuting , Ding Jie , Wang Yang , Zhang Yangyang , Pu Juan , Wang Keming
Published: March 2023

Background

Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical role in regulating various human diseases including cancer. In colorectal cancer (CRC), there are still some undervalued lncRNAs with potential functions and mechanisms that need to be clarified. The present study aimed to investigate the role of linc02231 in the progression of CRC.

Methods

The proliferation of CRC cells was evaluated using Cell Counting Kit‐8, colony formation, and 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) assays. Cell migration was examined through wound healing and Transwell analyses. The impact of linc02231 on angiogenesis was determined through a tube formation assay. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of specific proteins. A mouse xenograft model is established to observe the effect of linc02231 on the in vivo growth of CRC cells. Target genes of linc02231 are screened using high‐throughput sequencing. The transcriptional activity of STAT2 on linc02231 and the binding activity between linc02231/miR‐939‐5p/hnRNPA1 were analyzed by a luciferase assay.

Results

Based on public databases and comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, we found that lncRNA linc02231 was upregulated in CRC tumor tissues, which is consistent with our clinical results. linc02231 promoted the proliferation and migration of CRC cells in vitro and their tumorigenicity in vivo. Furthermore, linc02231 promotes the angiogenic ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Mechanistically, the transcription factor STAT2 binds to the promoter region of linc02231 and activates its transcription. linc02231 also competes with miR‐939‐5p for binding to the pro‐oncogenic target gene hnRNPA1, preventing its degradation. hnRNPA1 prevents the maturation of angiopoietin‐like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) messenger RNA, leading to impaired tumor angiogenesis and increased metastasis of CRC.

Conclusions

The expression of linc02231, which is induced by STAT2, has been found to enhance the proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis of CRC by binding to miR‐939‐5p and increasing the expression of hnNRPA1 at the same time as suppressing ANGPTL4. These findings suggest that linc02231 could serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for CRC.
Development and Validation of a Combined MRI Radiomics, Imaging and Clinical Parameter‐Based Machine Learning Model for Identifying Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty in Girls
Authors: Zou Pinfa , Zhang Lingfeng , Zhang Ruifang , Wang Chenyan , Lin XingTong , Lai Can , Lu Yi , Yan Zhihan
Published: March 2023

Background

Idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) impairs child development, without early intervention. The current reference standard, the gonadotropin‐releasing hormone stimulation test, is invasive which may hinder diagnosis and intervention.

Purpose

To develop a model for accurate diagnosis of ICPP, by integrating pituitary MRI, carpal bone age, gonadal ultrasound, and basic clinical data.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

A total of 492 girls with PP (185 with ICPP and 307 peripheral precocious puberty [PPP]) were randomly divided by reference standard into training (75%) and internal validation (25%) data. Fifty‐one subjects (16 with ICPP, 35 with PPP) provided by another hospital as external validation.

Field Strength/Sequence

T1‐weighted (spin echo [SE], fast SE, cube) and T2‐weighted (fast SE‐fat suppression) imaging at 3.0 T or 1.5 T.

Assessment

Radiomics features were extracted from pituitary MRI after manual segmentation. Carpal bone age, ovarian, follicle and uterine volumes and endometrium presence were assessed from radiographs and gonadal ultrasound. Four machine learning methods were developed: a pituitary MRI radiomics model, an integrated image model (with pituitary MRI, gonadal ultrasound and bone age), a basic clinical model (with age and sex hormone data), and an integrated multimodal model combining all features.

Statistical Tests

Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to assess consistency of segmentation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the Delong tests were used to assess and compare the diagnostic performance of models. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The area under of the ROC curve (AUC) of the pituitary MRI radiomics model, integrated image model, basic clinical model, and integrated multimodal model in the training data was 0.668, 0.809, 0.792, and 0.860. The integrated multimodal model had higher diagnostic efficacy (AUC of 0.862 and 0.866 for internal and external validation).

Conclusion

The integrated multimodal model may have potential as an alternative clinical approach to diagnose ICPP.

Evidence Level

3.

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2.
Crop forcing technique and irrigation strategy modified the content and phenolic profile of cv. Tempranillo grape berries grown in a semi‐arid climate
Authors: Lavado Nieves , Uriarte David , Moreno Daniel , Mancha Luis A. , Prieto M. Henar , Valdés M. Esperanza
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND

Climate change modifies the content and phenolic profiles of grapes and wines. It is known that high temperatures, related to climate change, reduce anthocyanins and procyanidin (catechin and tannin) compounds accumulated in the berries. In recent years, with the aim of improving the phenolic composition of the berries, the technique of crop forcing has been proposed to delay grape ripening to a more favourable period of temperatures.

RESULTS

In this study, crop forcing was applied to cv. Tempranillo vines on two different dates, after flowering (F1) and after fruit set (F2), and compared to a treatment control (NF, without forcing). Additionally, as a secondary factor, two irrigation strategies were established in each treatment: irrigation with no water stress, and a pre‐veraison deficit irrigation. The study was carried out in three consecutive years (2017–2019). For most of the parameters analysed, no interaction was found. Therefore, for these parameters, the effect of each of these techniques was investigated independently. Regardless of the irrigation strategy, F2 berries achieved higher contents of catechins and anthocyanins than NF berries. Each year, regardless of the irrigation strategy, crop forcing increased the content of monoglucoside forms, and had a positive effect on the total content of malvidin, petunidin, delphinidin, peonidin and malvidin derivatives, but only affected acetyl and coumaryl forms in 2017. However, the effect of irrigation strategy was less significant and consistent, being more dependent on the vintage.

CONCLUSION

Regardless of vine water status, crop forcing technique applied after fruit set could be used by vine growers to delay ripening of the grapes and thus achieve an increase in the anthocyanin characteristics of the grapes. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Audiologic Follow‐up in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer Treated With Cisplatin and Radiation
Authors: Lee David S. , Travis Emma Y. , Wong Susan K. , Collopy Cathryn , McClannahan Katrina S. , Ortmann Amanda J. , Rich Jason T. , Pipkorn Patrik , Puram Sidharth V. , Jackson Ryan S. , Paniello Randal C. , Adkins Douglas R. , Oppelt Peter , Thorstad Wade L. , Wick Cameron C. , Zevallos Jose P. , Mazul Angela L.
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Evaluate factors associated with adherence to ototoxicity monitoring among patients with head and neck cancer treated with cisplatin and radiation therapy at a tertiary care center.

Methods

We performed a single‐institution retrospective cohort study on adults with head and neck cancer treated with cisplatin and radiation therapy who participated in an ototoxicity monitoring program. The primary outcomes were rates of post‐treatment audiograms at the following time points: one, three, six, 12, and greater than 12 months. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors associated with complete loss of follow‐up after pre‐treatment evaluation.

Results

Two hundred ninety‐four head and neck cancer patients were analyzed. Overall, 220 (74.8%) patients had at least one post‐treatment audiogram; 58 (20.0%) patients had more than one audiogram. The time point with the highest follow‐up rate was at 3 months (n = 170, 57.8%); rates at the remaining times ranged from 7.1% to 14.3%. When controlling for covariates, patients without insurance and those with stage IV cancers were associated with complete loss of audiologic follow‐up (aOR = 7.18, 95% CI = 2.75–19.90; aOR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.02–3.77, respectively). Among 156 patients recommended for a hearing aid, only 39 (24.8%) patients received one.

Conclusions

Head and neck cancer patients enrolled in an ototoxicity monitoring program demonstrate moderately high follow‐up rates for at least one post‐treatment audiogram. However, follow‐up tapers dramatically after 6 months, and overall hearing aid utilization is low. Further research is needed to understand barriers to long‐term audiologic follow‐up and hearing aid utilization to decrease untreated hearing loss in cancer survivorship.

Level of Evidence

Level 3 Laryngoscope, 133:3161–3168, 2023
Nationwide Utilization of Computerized Dynamic Posturography in an Era of Deimplementation
Authors: Chieffe Douglas J. , Zuniga Steven A. , Marmor Schelomo , Adams Meredith E.
Published: March 2023

Computerized dynamic posturography (CDP) provides multisensory assessment of balance. Consensus is lacking regarding CDP utility and coverage determinations vary. To inform best practices and policy, this cross‐sectional study quantifies provider use of CDP among Medicare beneficiaries over time (2012‐2017), by geographic region (hospital referral region [HRR]), and specialty. We observed 195,267 beneficiaries underwent 212,847 CDP tests totaling $15,780,001 in payments. Number of CDPs billed per 100,000 beneficiaries varied 534‐fold across HRRs. Over 6 years, CDP use grew by 84% despite stagnant reimbursement. More utilization was attributable to primary care clinicians than specialties focused on care for dizziness and balance disorders. The observed growth and variation illustrate the potential for policy and provider preferences to drive unexpected practice patterns and underscore the need to engage a broad network of providers to develop optimal guidelines for use. CDP may offer a use case for deimplementation of low‐value diagnostic services.
Ion geochemistry of a coastal ice wedge in northwestern Canada: Contributions from marine aerosols and implications for ice‐wedge paleoclimate interpretations
Authors: Holland Kira M. , Porter Trevor J. , Criscitiello Alison S. , Froese Duane G.
Published: March 2023

Ice wedges are a characteristic ground ice feature in permafrost regions that form primarily from the meltwater of the seasonal snowpack. Ice‐wedge oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes have been used in winter paleotemperature reconstructions; however, until recently, the ion geochemistry of ice wedges has rarely been analyzed as a potential paleoclimate proxy. This potential is greatest for ice wedges located in coastal regions, where marine aerosols are the dominant contributor to snowpack impurities. Here, we evaluate the source and integrity of ionic concentrations of a coastal ice wedge in the northwestern Canadian Arctic (Beaufort Sea coast) to evaluate the use of ice wedges as a marine aerosol archive. Comparison to a regionally comparable snowpack reveals remarkably similar ionic concentrations for Cl−, Na+, Br−, SO42−, Ca2+, and Mg2+, with a Cl−/Na+ ratio similar to bulk seawater (1.80 vs. 1.79 in seawater), suggesting that marine aerosols, probably from sea salt aerosol production during blowing snow events over sea ice as indicated by depleted SO42− values relative to Na+, are probably the dominant contributor to ion concentrations. A previously established linear age model for the ice wedge is used to develop a continuous ion record spanning ~4,600 to ~700 yr b2k. Cl− and Na+ concentrations reveal a strong and continuous increase in concentrations over the late Holocene, thought to be driven by reduced distance‐to‐coast of up to 1 km as a result of coastal erosion. This study presents a novel interpretation of ice‐wedge geochemical data and represents the first Holocene ice‐wedge ion record.
In and out of privileged and disadvantaged neighbourhoods in Sweden: On the importance of country of birth
Authors: Gustafsson Björn , Österberg Torun
Published: March 2023

Moves into and out of privileged neighbourhoods as well as moves into and out of disadvantaged neighbourhoods in metropolitan Sweden are studied using register data on all moves by adults that took place between 2004 and 2006. Based on estimated multivariate models, we find that, for all four types of moves, age, education, household income, household composition and its changes, as well as labour market status and its changes, matter. However, in addition, where the person was born can matter, as, with some exceptions, foreign‐born people are less likely than natives with the same characteristics to move into a privileged neighbourhood. Furthermore, foreign‐born are typically less likely than natives with the same characteristics to move out of the metropolitan regions. However, considerable heterogeneity in probabilities to move between those born in different categories of countries is found. Adults born in high‐income countries are, in many cases, moving similarly to natives with the same characteristics, while this is typically not found among people born in low‐income countries. The latter might be due to fewer assets, lesser social capital, discrimination in the housing market or in housing finance or by choice.
Effect of saffron and fenugreek on lowering blood glucose: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Correia Alisson Guilherme da Silva , Alencar Matheus Batista , dos Santos Alexsia Nunes , da Paixão Dayanne Cristina Barreto , Sandes Flávia Luryane Ferreira , Andrade Brenda , Castro Yandra , de Andrade Joseilze Santos
Published: March 2023

Saffron and fenugreek have been shown to have an effect on lowering blood glucose; therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effects of using saffron and fenugreek on blood glucose control. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant articles. Articles on the use of saffron or fenugreek to control blood glucose were selected in compliance with PRISMA guidelines. R software was used for statistical analysis. The mean difference (MD) and the standardized MD (SMD) were adopted, and subgroup analyses were performed according to patient's clinical condition. Nineteen studies comprised this meta‐analysis. Overall, using fenugreek decreased fasting blood glucose (FBG) (SMD: −0.90; 95%CI: −1.43 to −0.38; I2 = 87%; p < 0.001), postprandial blood glucose (PPBG) (SMD: −1.13; 95%CI: −1.99 to −0.28; I2 = 94%; p < 0.001), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (SMD: −0.43; 95%CI: −0.75 to −0.12; I2 = 20%; p = 0.29). Saffron supplementation reduced FBG (MD: −9.06 mg/dl; 95%CI: −16.25 to −1.86; I2 = 40%; p = 0.12) and HbA1c (MD: −0.19%; 95%CI: −0.23 to −0.14; I2 = 0%; p > 0.99). Our results show that using saffron and fenugreek can reduce FBG, PPBG, and HbA1c; however, there are some shortcomings that require attention for these results. Further high‐quality studies should be conducted to establish the clinical efficacy of herbal medicines.
Comparative Assessment of Environment‐Assisted Cracking Susceptibility of Different Grade API 5L Steels in CO2, CO2/H2S, and H2S Environments
Authors: de Oliveira Mariana Anastácia , Folena Mariana Costa , da Silva Samara Cruz , Gomes José Antônio da Cunha Ponciano
Published: March 2023

The risk of hydrogen embrittlement (HE) and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is a strong concern for material selection in the oil and gas sector. The presence of H2S enhances hydrogen charging, which can increase hydrogen embrittlement (HE) susceptibility. There are knowledge gaps about HE in the environment saturated with pure carbon dioxide (CO2) and with CO2 containing H2S. CO2 has a strong impact on corrosion rate as well, enhancing cathodic reactions. CO2 might also have a direct contribution to hydrogen charging and cracking mechanisms. This study addresses the assessment of hydrogen permeation and HE of X65 and X80 steels in CO2 and/or H2S environments. The performance of both steel grades is investigated, supported by experimental approach. The results indicate that the loss of mechanical resistance is due to hydrogen uptake and diffusion as well as the anodic dissolution, especially in Solution B. It is observed that X80 steel used in this work is more susceptible to cracking than X65 steel even in pure CO2. It is concluded that the advantage of using a higher‐mechanical‐resistant steel, X80 can be suppressed by HE effects.
Modernization, Democracy, and Judicial Governance
Authors: Castillo-Ortiz Pablo
Published: March 2023

This chapter puts the relationship between judicial governance and democratic quality in context. Using modernization theory the chapter hypothesises that the negative correlation found earlier in this book between the existence of judicial councils and democratic quality is a result of an omitted variable bias: that omitted variable is modernization. Using robust regressions, the chapter shows that, in general, variations in the design of judicial governance have no significant effect on the quality of democracy in European countries.
Conclusions and Some Policy Reflections
Authors: Castillo-Ortiz Pablo
Published: March 2023

This chapter summarizes the findings of the book. Building on them, the chapter provides for some policy reflections taking into account the main goal of this research: how to design judicial governance to improve democratic quality. The chapter also discusses the limitations of this research, and provides for some final reflections.
DSGVO-konforme Personendetektion in 3D-LiDAR-Daten mittels Deep Learning Verfahren
Authors: Sprute Dennis , Westerhold Tim , Hufen Florian , Flatt Holger , Gellert Florian
Published: March 2023

Im Fabrikkontext spielt die Detektion von Personen eine wichtige Rolle bei Maßnahmen zur Erhöhung der Sicherheit von Arbeitern oder zur Optimierung des Fabriklayouts. Kamerasensoren bilden die Grundlage für robuste bildbasierte Personendetektionsverfahren, werden aber aufgrund von Datenschutzaspekten häufig kritisch gesehen. Diese Bedenken können durch die Lokalisation von IoT-Devices, die von Personen getragen werden, adressiert werden, jedoch muss eine Person stets mit einem entsprechendem IoT-Device ausgerüstet sein. In diesem Beitrag wird ein alternativer Ansatz zur Adressierung der Problematik vorgeschlagen, der auf etablierten Bildverarbeitungsverfahren beruht, jedoch inhärent DSGVO-konform ist. Hierzu wird distanzmessende 3D-LiDAR-Sensorik genutzt, um 3D-Punktwolken der Umgebung aufzunehmen. Diese ermöglichen eine Detektion von Personen (Klassifikation und Lokalisation), jedoch keine Identifizierung der Personen. Hierfür wird ein Verfahren vorgestellt, das einzelne Objekte in einer Punktwolke zunächst in ein Tiefenbild umwandelt, um auf diesem anschließend robuste Bildverarbeitungsverfahren basierend auf Deep Learning einzusetzen. Die Evaluation des Verfahrens zeigt eine Genauigkeit (Accuracy) von 98%, um zwischen Personen und anderen Objekten zu unterscheiden, und ist somit für darauf aufbauende Anwendungen gut geeignet.
The RRDS, an Improved Animal Experimentation System for More Animal Welfare and More Accurate Results
Authors: Gabloffsky Theo , Hawlitschka Alexander , Salomon Ralf
Published: March 2023

Research of image recognition allows for improvements in animal welfare compliant and increase in data yield in animal experiments. One application for improvements are the so-called rotational tests with rats in Parkinson research. Here, the Rat Rotation Detection System (RRDS) frees the rat from the usually used breast belt while achieving similar results as the previous system, with a difference of 12.4 %. RRDS basically consists of an off-the-shelf camera combined with a YoloV4″​=Neural″​=Network, which detects the coordinates of the head, the tail, and the torso of the rat. With these coordinates, RRDS calculates two vectors, which are further used to calculate the rotation of the rat. The RRDS is a step towards improved animal welfare and more accurate results in animal experimentations.
Photon splitting corrections to soft-photon resummation
Authors: Flower Lois , Schönherr Marek
Published: March 2023

Abstract

In this paper we present an algorithm to add photon-splitting corrections to the Yennie-Frautschi-Suura-style soft-photon resummation available in the Sherpa MonteCarlo event generator. Photon-splitting corrections enter at NNLO in QED and, as these effects are not incorporated in the standard QED FSR resummations, their size is larger than the pure hard photon-emission corrections at the same order. We introduce different lepton dressing strategies which incorporate further leptons and hadrons in addition to the customary photons, and discuss their sensitivity to dressing parameters such as the cone size. Finally, we quantify the effects of photon splittings into charged fermions and scalars under different such dressing strategies on Z → e+e− decays and find effects of up to 1% for suitably inclusive dressing strategies independent of the dressing cone size, and up to 9% if only photons are used in the dressing procedure with large dressing cones.
Warped Ruled Surfaces of Historical Stone Bridges in Prague
Authors: Kolarova Dana
Published: March 2023

This research concerns the use of warped ruled surfaces in the load bearing structures of 19th century stone bridges in Prague. The descriptions of a skew arch used at The Negrelli Viaduct and a special surface called “corne de vache” used at The Legion Bridge are based not only on historical survey, archival materials and period publications, but also on contemporary measurements.
Corynebacterium periprosthetic joint infection: a systematic review of 52 cases at 2.5 years follow-up
Authors: Seutz Yannick , Bäcker Henrik , Akgün Doruk , Adelhoefer Siegfried , Kriechling Philipp , Gonzalez Marcos R. , Karczewski Daniel
Published: March 2023

Introduction

While large progress has been achieved in identifying and treating the most common pathogens involved in periprosthetic joint infections (PJI), there remains limited knowledge on atypical pathogens such as Corynebacterium. For that reason, we analyzed infection and diagnostical characteristics, as well as treatment outcome in Corynebacterium PJI.

Methods

A systematic review was performed based on a structured PubMed and Cochrane Library analysis using the PRISMA algorithm. The search was performed by 2 independent reviewers, and articles from 1960 to 2022 considered eligible for inclusion. Out of 370 search results, 12 studies were included for study synthesis.

Results

In total, 52 cases of Corynebacterium PJI were identified (31 knees, 16 hips, 4 elbows, 1 shoulder). Mean age was 65 years, with 53% females, and a mean Charlson Comorbidity Index of 3.9. The most common species was Corynebacterium striatum in 37 cases (71%). Most patients were treated with two-stage exchange (40%), isolated irrigation and debridement (21%), and resection arthroplasty (19%). Mean duration of antibiotic treatment was 8.5 weeks. At a mean follow-up of 2.5 years, there were 18 reinfections (33%), and 39% were for Corynebacterium. Initial infection by Corynebacterium striatum species was predictive of reoperation (p = 0.035) and reinfection (p = 0.07).

Conclusion

Corynebacterium PJI affects multimorbid and elderly patients, with one in three developing a reinfection at short term. Importantly, the relative majority of reinfections was for persistent Corynebacterium PJI.
ISSLS PRIZE in Clinical Science 2023: comparison of degenerative MRI features of the intervertebral disc between those with and without chronic low back pain. An exploratory study of two large female populations using automated annotation
Authors: Jamaludin A. , Kadir T. , Zisserman A. , McCall I. , Williams F. M. K. , Lang H. , Buchanan E. , Urban J. P. G. , Fairbank J. C. T.
Published: March 2023

Objectives

The relationship of degeneration to symptoms has been questioned. MRI detects apparently similar disc degeneration and degenerative changes in subjects both with and without back pain. We aimed to overcome these problems by re-annotating MRIs from asymptomatic and symptomatics groups onto the same grading system.

Methods

We analysed disc degeneration in pre-existing large MRI datasets. Their MRIs were all originally annotated on different scales. We re-annotated all MRIs independent of their initial grading system, using a verified, rapid automated MRI annotation system (SpineNet) which reported degeneration on the Pfirrmann (1–5) scale, and other degenerative features (herniation, endplate defects, marrow signs, spinal stenosis) as binary present/absent. We compared prevalence of degenerative features between symptomatics and asymptomatics.

Results

Pfirrmann degeneration grades in relation to age and spinal level were very similar for the two independent groups of symptomatics over all ages and spinal levels. Severe degenerative changes were significantly more prevalent in discs of symptomatics than asymptomatics in the caudal but not the rostral lumbar discs in subjects < 60 years. We found high co-existence of degenerative features in both populations. Degeneration was minimal in around 30% of symptomatics < 50 years.

Conclusions

We confirmed age and disc level are significant in determining imaging differences between asymptomatic and symptomatic populations and should not be ignored. Automated analysis, by rapidly combining and comparing data from existing groups with MRIs and information on LBP, provides a way in which epidemiological and ‘big data’ analysis could be advanced without the expense of collecting new groups.

Level of evidence I

Diagnostic: individual cross-sectional studies with consistently applied reference standard and blinding.
Gendered life courses and cognitive functioning in later life: the role of context-specific gender norms and lifetime employment
Authors: Bertogg Ariane , Leist Anja K.
Published: March 2023

With increasing life expectancy, dementia poses an epidemiological challenge. As a cure has not been developed, the investigation into preventive factors becomes pivotal. Previous research emphasizes the cognitively stimulating and socio-emotional benefits of lifetime employment, but research on heterogeneous patterns across social groups and societal contexts remains sparse. Sociological approaches have a promising potential to provide insights into health inequalities and can contribute to the study of this major societal challenge. We investigate the influence of previous employment biographies on cognitive functioning for men and women aged 50 to 75 in 19 European countries, using longitudinal and retrospective information from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. We link individual information on employment biographies and cognitive functioning to contextual measures of gender norms, using aggregated agreement rates to both men’s and women’s role in employment and family. We find that previous employment affects cognitive functioning men and women differently. Part-time employment is beneficial for women’s cognitive functioning, but not for men’s. Traditional gender norms are associated with lower levels of cognitive functioning for both genders and moderate the linkage between previous employment and cognitive functioning. In contexts with more traditional gender norms, men’s part-time employment is associated with lower and women’s part-time employment with higher cognitive functioning. We conclude that employment and non-employment participation can, depending on characteristics of individuals and contexts, benefit or hinder the life-course accumulation of cognitive reserve, and those with norm-deviating behaviour are disadvantaged.