bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OPERATION PRINCIPLE, ADVANCED PROCEDURES AND VALIDATION OF A NEW FLEX-SPI COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL FOR SMART IoT DEVICES
Authors: Visconti P. , Giannotta G. , Brama R. , Primiceri P. , de Fazio R. , Malvasi A.
Published: November 2017

In this paper, we report on hardware structure, operation mode and software development for a new advanced communication protocol whose aim is obtaining a fully shared SPI bus with a fixed amount of wires, without renouncing to advantages of a push-pull output stage and obtaining an architecture capable of great flexibility. All four signals of a classic SPI protocol are entirely shared by the slaves on bus: when a master wants to communicate with a particular device, it will perform an addressing at packet level: starting from its main characteristics, various adopted solutions to realize a shared SPI bus will be analyzed, explaining how a communication session is performed. The firmware structure was designed as a software stack composed by interacting layers, tracing model of similar protocols that share with FlexSPI some features. Some of the advanced procedures that can be performed thanks to this protocol will be discussed, highlighting the suitability of FlexSPI for dynamic smart objects; in fact, by adding these features to developed framework, it is possible to explore and appreciate expandability of this communication protocol, making it suitable to meet advanced IoT requirements of smart objects. FlexSPI can be built like a MAC layer above the SPI bus, to process all necessary pieces of information to perform the packet level addressing, using a stack having a layered architecture. This is idea followed in the firmware development, to implement this communication protocol, experimentally verified in the performed and reported communication tests, confirming that it is possible to obtain a shared push-pull bus.
GRID-EDGE-DEPTH MAP BUILDING EMPLOYING SAD WITH SOBEL EDGE DETECTOR
Authors: Rahmani Budi , Harjoko Agus , Priyambodo Tri Kuntoro
Published: November 2017

This paper presents a new method of a map building which is suitable for a wheeled robot. The 2D map represents the obstacle’s position and distance in the environment. The information of the obstacles obtained from a calibrated stereo camera. The stereo images size were 320x240 pixels. Hereafter the images were rectified and the disparity map was built using a Sum of Absolute Difference (SAD) algorithm. The depth map was calculated using disparity map, focal length, and baseline parameter values. In order to detect the obstacles, Sobel edge detection was implemented. The edge detection image was compared and substituted with the depth map which is resulting edge-depth map. The edge-depth map was divided into 25 grids (5 grids horizontal and 5 grids vertical). Finally, the minimum depth of detected obstacles for each grid was calculated. This process was resulting in a grid-edge-depth map (GED map). The proposal has been tested with a mobile robot in 5x3 meters living environment. Finally, experimental results are presented. The average error of feature points in the previous study was 5.40 cm, whereas in this study is 3.82 cm. There has been a decrease in the measurement gap of 29.26% from the previous study.
CIRCULAR TRAFFIC SIGN CLASSIFICATION USING HOG BASED RING PARTITIONED MATCHING
Authors: Soetedjo Aryuanto , Somawirata I Komang
Published: November 2017

This paper presents a technique to classify the circular traffic sign based-on HOG (histogram of oriented gradients) and a ring partitioned matching. The method divides an image into several ring areas, and calculates the HOG feature on each ring area. In the matching process, the weight is assigned to each ring for calculating the distance of HOG feature between tested image and reference image. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves a high classification rate of 97.8%, without the need of many prepared sample images. The results also show that the best values of the number of orientation bins and the cell size of the HOG parameters are 5 and 10 x 10 pixels respectively.
Performance Evalution of Video Surveillance Using Mete, Melt and Nidc Technique
Authors: Anto Bennet M , Srinath R , Abirami D , Thilagavathi S , Soundarya S , Yuvarani R.
Published: November 2017

To evaluate multi-target video tracking results, one needs to quantify the accuracy of the estimated target-size and the Cardinality error as the well as measure the frequency of occurrence of ID changes. By surveying existing multi-target tracking performance scores and, after discussing their limitations, the work proposes three parameter-independent measures for evaluating multi target video tracking. The measures consider target-size variations, combine accuracy and cardinality errors, quantify long-term tracking accuracy at different accuracy levels, and evaluate ID changes relative to the duration of the track in which they occur. The work conduct an extensive experimental validation of the proposed measures by comparing them with existing ones and by evaluating four state-of-the-art trackers on challenging real world Publicly-available data sets. The software implementing the proposed measures is made available online to facilitate their use by the research community.
Detection and Removal of Dust Particles in Pipelines Using 3-D Mems
Authors: Thamilvalluvan B. , Anto Bennet M. , Gokulakrishnan K. , Harrison S. , Shanmugam R. , Mangaram B.
Published: November 2017

Currently, the detection of dust particles is realized through manual sampling. Thus it is desirable to develop an automated online technique. Generally, industries run with the help of pipelines through which liquid can flow. The main aim of the work is to detect the dust particles which are present inside the pipeline when liquid is flowing through it. Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a recent addition to the pipeline security world. Opta sense system is designed to prevent the damage in pipeline by providing the advance warning to the concern department and make them alert. The dust particles are detected by using MEMS, which can sense in three axis (Heat, Vibration, Movement). It is identified by the IR sensor. The approach can also be simulated by using MATLAB.
Design of Low Complexity Accumulator Using Finfet for Various Technologies
Authors: Sathya N. , Anto Bennet M. , Mageswari M. , Priya M. , Kayalvizhi M.
Published: November 2017

FINFET terminological in exactitude process reuses a massive part of well accustomed conventional CMOS process. FINFET is a likely-look alternative to conventional MOSFET which has reached its limit and has too much leakage for too little performance gain. FINFET is being suggested as basics for future IC processes because its power or performance benefits, scalability, superior controls over short channel effort etc., In this paper we propose a outlook for scheming accumulator using FINFET for purpose of minimize number of transistor differentiate to CMOS logic. In circuit level, widely used D flip-flop and at constructional level the full adder cells of FINFET (dual gate transistor) 10T can be used. FINFET is the most propitious double gate transistor, forecast as one of the candidate to restore the epic MOSFET. FINFET technology power consumption is compare with CMOS technology to analyze how the area, delay and power can be reduced.
Design of Low Leakage Current Average Power CMOS Current Comparator Using SVL Technique With Pseudo NMOS and Transmission Gate Logics
Authors: Dinesh Kumar T.R. , Mohana Sundaram K. , Anto Bennet M. , Pooja M. , Kokila A.P. , Anusuya K.
Published: November 2017

Comparatorare most widely used second electronic components after operational amplifier. For ADC circuit we have to use the high speed and low power consumption based comparator. SVL circuit is used tom reduce the offset voltage which requires high voltage gain. A SVL circuit can supply maximum DC voltage to an active load circuit on request or can decrease the DC voltage supplied to a load circuit in the standby mode was developed. SVL circuit is used with comparator which reduce the power consumption from 258.6μw to 156.7μw. Pseudo nmos logic and transmission gate logic is used with the SVL based current comparator which further reduce the power consumption in the standby mode. This technique based comparator is fabricated on the tanner tool of 45nm technology.SVL technique is mostly recommended for CMOS logic.
Machine Vision Based Missing Fastener Detection in Rail Track Images Using SVM Classifier
Authors: Manikandan R. , Balasubramanian M. , Palanivel S.
Published: November 2017

Missing fastener detection is a critical task due to its similar characteristics with surrounding environments. In this paper, a machine vision based fully automatic detection and classification of missing fastener detection system is proposed using Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. This proposed system consists of preprocessing, transformation, feature extraction and classifications. Image resizing is performed as preprocessing step and Gabor transform is used as transformation technique. Grey Level Cooccurence Matrix (GLCM) features, Local Binary Pattern (LBP) features and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) are used as features in this paper. SVM classifier is used as classifier in order to classify the test rail track image into either track image with fastener or track image without fastener.
Authentication Scheme for Session Passwords Using Color and Image
Authors: Saranya P. , Sharavanan S. , Vijai R. , Balajee RM.
Published: November 2017

Graphical passwords are believed to be more secure than traditional textual passwords, but the authentications are usually complex and boring for users. Furthermore, most of the existing graphical password schemes are vulnerable to spyware and shoulder surfing. A novel graphical password scheme ColorLogin is proposed in this paper. ColorLogin is implemented in an interesting game way to weaken the boring feelings of the authentication. ColorLogin uses background color, a method not previously considered, to decrease login time greatly. Multiple colors are used to confuse the peepers, while not burdening the legitimate users. Meanwhile, the scheme is resistant to shoulder surfing and intersection attack to a certain extent. Experiments illustrate the effectiveness of ColorLogin.
Embedded system design and implementation of standard auto-calibrated measurement chain
Authors: Nadi M. , Margo C. , Kouider M. , Prado J. , Kourtiche D.
Published: November 2017

This paper presents the design and the implementation of a standard auto-calibration system, to correct measurement chain and ensure its accuracy. The adopted solution consists in designing a reconfigurable instrumentation based on the use of a programmable analog circuit (FPAA), allowing the automation of various test and adjustment operations. The measurement chain transfer curve is periodically corrected using the progressive polynomial calibration method, ensuring systematic correction of each taken measurement. The hardware/software implementation of the system was carried out in an embedded configuration based on a FPGA platform. The obtained results highlight adaptability of the proposed calibration method at various sensors kinds as well as the implementation simplicity, and shows how the measuring accuracy can be considerably improved.
Adaptive Security Modules in Incrementally Deployed Sensor Networks
Authors: Hsieh Meng-Yen , Huang Yueh-Min
Published: November 2017

Distributed wireless sensor networks often suffer problems on detecting malicious nodes, which always bring destructive threats. Thus, sensor networks have to supply authentication services for sensor identity and data communication. As matter of fact, intrusion detection and prevention schemes are always integrated in sensor security appliances so that they can enhance network security by discovering malicious or compromised nodes. This paper provides adaptive security modules to improve secure communication in distributed sensor networks. The primary security module provides online identity authentication services to new incoming sensor nodes which being distributed after initial deployment. The advanced security module addresses compromised node detection issues to exclude internal compromised nodes. The proposed schemes can accomplish secure communications in the sensor networks when the network lifetime is divided into multiple time intervals. The network security and network performance are evaluated with the adaptive security modules, which shows efficient protection and sensible overheads to sensor nodes can be achieved.
Investigation of Advanced Data Processing Technique in Magnetic Anomaly Detection Systems
Authors: Ginzburg B. , Frumkis L. , Kaplan B.Z. , Sheinker A. , Salomonski N.
Published: November 2017

Advanced methods of data processing in magnetic anomaly detection (MAD) systems are investigated. Raw signals of MAD based on component magnetic sensors are transformed into energy signals in the space of specially constructed orthonormalized functions. This procedure provides a considerable improvement of the SNR thus enabling reliable target detection. Estimation of the target parameters is implemented with the help of Genetic Algorithm. Numerous computer simulations show good algorithm convergence and acceptable accuracy in estimation of both target location and its magnetic moment.
High-Spatial-Resolution Magnetic-Field Measurement by Giant Magnetoresistance Sensor – Applications to Nondestructive Evaluation and Biomedical Engineering
Authors: Yamada Sotoshi
Published: November 2017

Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensor has been developed and widely applied to use as magnetic read head in data storage industry. This paper describes new applications of magnetic-field measurement with high spatial-resolution and high sensitivity to nondestructive evaluation and biomedical engineering. For nondestructive evaluation, the GMR sensor, used as magnetic sensor based on eddy-current testing technique, was applied to the detection of micro-crack on micro-conductor for the purpose of printed circuit board inspection and the detection of micro-solder-ball grid array. For biomedical engineering, the weight density of magnetic fluid for cancer treatment was measured by the GMR sensor. In addition, the GMR sensor was applied to measure micro-current and these can lead to the direct detection of nervous action.
On Board Exhaust Emission Monitoring of Road Vehicles - A High Tech Solution to Pollution from Traffic?
Authors: Lewis E. , Dooly G. , Hawe E. , Fitzpatrick C. , Chambers P. , Zhao W.Z. , Sun T. , Grattan K.T.V. , Lyons W.B. , Lucas J. , Degner M. , Ewald H. , Lochmann S , Bramann G. , Wei C. , Hitchen D. , Merlone-Borla E.
Published: November 2017

A significant proportion of the atmospheric pollution that exists particularly in urban areas arises from road vehicles and primarily cars. The European Commission (EC) have introduced a series of regulations, the so called EURO Emission directives from Euro I in 1991 to the present day Euro IV. This legislation and similar ones in other global regions have helped to greatly reduce emission levels from road transport. However, a massive increase in the number of cars on the road have meant that pollution due to a number of gases and particulate species remains to be a problem. This paper describes an approach based on optical fibre sensors which has shown to be an effective means of measuring the gases and particulates in question by using sensing technologies which are both robust and potentially cost effective such that they may be included as part of an on board monitoring system for the car of the future.
New Horizon in Bioimaging and Biomagnetics
Authors: Ueno Shoogo , Sekino Masaki
Published: November 2017

This paper reviews the recently developed techniques in biomagnetics and bioimaging such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and cancer therapy based on magnetic stimulation. A technique of localized and vectorial TMS has enabled us to obtain non-invasive functional mapping of the human brain. The development of new bioimaging technologies such as current distribution MRI and conductivity MRI potentially enables us to understand the dynamics of brain functions, which include millisecond-level changes in functional regions and dynamic relations between brain neuronal networks. These techniques are leading medicine and biology into a new horizon through the novel applications of magnetism. A lecture on current limiter intended specifically for engineering students pursuing specialization with Electrical and Electronics engineering is proposed in this paper. The important information which doesn’t appear in text books are presented to the students. A general overview of different techniques of limiting fault current in electric power systems with special emphasis on two types of current limiters based on passive magnetic materials and high temperature superconducting materials have been presented. Simple laboratory experiments are also proposed to validate the theoretical knowledge.
Refractive Index Sensitivity In Thinned Uv And Arc Induced Long-Period Gratings: A Comparative Study
Authors: Iadicicco A. , Campopiano S. , Cutolo A. , Korwin-Pawlowski M.L. , Bock W.J. , Cusano A.
Published: November 2017

In this work, a comparative study aimed to investigate the effects of cladding stripping on the external refractive index sensitivity in tapered and UV long period gratings is presented. Here, wet chemical etching combined with microscopic analysis allow us to identify the experimental dependence of the surrounding refractive index (SRI) sensitivity on the cladding radius for both grating types. The experimental results reveal that although in both cases a sensitivity enhancement is achieved by reducing the cladding thickness, the tapered devices offer substantially a greater sensitivity gain in respect to UV written devices
Evolutional Process Of Pavement Roughness Evaluation Benefiting From Sensor Technology
Authors: Loizos Andreas , Plati Christina
Published: November 2017

The present paper deals with a view of the availability of high-speed sensor profilers, which has given dramatically increased possibilities to analyze imperfections in pavement surfaces such as roughness. Technical parameters of such profilers, for sensing and analyzing pavement surface profile are described. In addition, the main investigation concentrates on the evolutional process of pavement roughness evaluation. For this purpose a high-speed laser profiler is used to sense roughness data on the surface of a road section that is analyzed both using the International Roughness Index (IRI) and the Power Spectral Density (PSD) approach. Based on the analysis results, some interesting options are shown considering pavement performance in terms of roughness
Intelligent Structural Elements Covered By Piezoelectric High-Polymer Film
Authors: Matsumoto Eiji , Komagome Yuji
Published: November 2017

If a piezoelectric material is deformed, the local electric field is caused by the electromechanical interaction. When a structural element with surface defects is subjected to the stress, the strain distribution appears also on the opposite surface to the defects. Such localized strain distribution can be measured by the electric potential distribution on a piezoelectric film mounted on the smooth surface. This paper shows that back-surface defects in typical structural elements can be visualized by mounted PVDF thin film
Intelligent Method of Teaching Electromagnetics Theory: Measurements under Virtual Environment
Authors: Mukhopadhyay S. C. , Gupta G. Sen
Published: November 2017

This paper details the development of a computer-assisted laboratory under virtual environment which has been put in place to teach the theoretical and practical aspects of Electromagnetics, without physically using any instruments to do the measurements. The virtual laboratory has allowed us to teach Electromagnetics in a new and effective way, helping our students master this difficult subject. In particular, virtual experiments have been designed which the students perform before attempting to do the corresponding real experiments. These virtual experiments help the students to appreciate the essential features of an experiment without being confused or distracted by the complexity of the real experimental procedures. We believe that learning is favorably augmented by using this innovative way of teaching the laboratory material through a computer-based, flexible and interactive environment of virtual experiments.
Pattern Adaptive and Finger Image-guided Keypad Interface for In-vehicle Information Systems
Authors: Kim Sang-Ho , Sekiyama Kosuke , Fukuda Toshio
Published: November 2017

In this paper we propose a pattern adaptive keypad interface for in-vehicle information system. The keypad interface recommends the estimated input sequence to fit the user’s preference based on individual model of operation pattern. Pattern (shape) of button switches corresponding to the estimated input sequence is actively reformed. Button switches are displayed tactilely and visually. Finger image is shown on the monitor in real-time in order to guide input operation on the tactile input device. To confirm the effect of the keypad interface, experiments are performed comparing with a touch screen on which pattern (shape) of buttons switch is unchanged.
CO2 sensing characteristics of Sm1-xBaxCoO3 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) nanostructured thick film
Authors: Chaudhari G.N. , Padole P.R. , Jagatap S.V. , Pawar M.J.
Published: November 2017

SmCoO3 gas sensor has been developed with high sensitivity for CO2 gas by doping Ba. Nanostructured SmCoO3 and Sm1-xBaxCoO3 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) were obtained by EDTA-Glycol method. The operation temperature falls and sensitivity increases from 425 to 370°C when Ba concentration in SmCoO3 changes from x = 0 to x = 0.1. Ag impregnation over Sm0.9Ba0.1CoO3 sensor, on exposure to CO2 at about 360°C showed an increased sensitivity as well as the response time also decreases. The possible CO2 sensing mechanism is proposed on the basis of available literatures.
High Performance Macroporous Silicon Chemical Sensor With Improved Phase Detection Electronics
Authors: RoyChaudhuri C. , Gangopadhyay S. , Das R. Dev , Datta S.K. , Saha H.
Published: November 2017

In this paper, a high sensitive, stable and reproducible electrical chemical sensor system based on macroporous silicon has been developed. Screen printed metal contacts have been taken from macroporous silicon layer which result in extremely stable, quasi ohmic and reproducible contacts. Such a sensor structure has been characterized for different organic and ionic solutions commonly used for biochemical applications. The sensitivity of the reported sensor at a particular frequency has been found to be almost ten times compared to previous reports of macroporous silicon sensor where contacts are taken from the backside and also in comparison to interdigited electrode array structure. The improvement and variation of sensitivity with frequency for different solutions has been explained taking into account the dependence of double layer impedance with frequency, distributed RC networks of the macroporous silicon structure, ionic conductivity of the solution and effects of ion sizes. However, from the impedance measurement it has been observed that the sensor capacitance with such stable contacts has an ultra low-Q value and to exploit such sensor for portable field use systems, an embedded signal conditioning unit has been realized to display the measured capacitance value after offset compensation and reduction of parasitic effects.
Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance For Explosive Detection
Authors: Itozaki Hideo , Ota Go
Published: November 2017

A Nuclear quadrupole resonance detector has been developed. This detector targets to RDX, a high explosive inside an anti-personnel landmine, buried up to 15 cm deep. This detector works well outside an electromagnetically shielded room. It was also mounted an anti-mine vehicle and remotely controlled mine detection is demonstrated in public
Cooperative Multi Target Tracking Using Multi Sensor Network
Authors: Elmogy Ahmed M. , Karray Fakhreddine O.
Published: November 2017

Sensors provide a key feedback link allowing robotic and autonomous systems to react to their environments. Without this feedback, robotic and autonomous systems will operate in an uncontrolled manner, since they don’t have the ability to perceive and respond to their environments. The limited capabilities of static sensors especially in complex applications and environments force the use of multiple sensors operating dynamically. This paper addresses the development of multiple objects tracking system using multiple mobile sensors. For the purposes of surveillance and security, trackers use an Extended Kohonen neural network to track the moving targets in their environments. The proposed tracking algorithm can be used for single and multiple target tracking. A clustering algorithm is used in order to minimize the number of active trackers over time and hence save energy. An auction based algorithm is used for the purpose of optimizing the cooperation between trackers. Quantitative and qualitative comparisons with other recent multi target tracking approaches show that our proposed tracking algorithm can provide a good coverage, and a better energy saving.
Railway Wheelset Parameter Estimation Using Signals From Lateral Velocity Sensor
Authors: Selamat H. , Alimin A. J. , Sam Y. M.
Published: November 2017

A type of parameter estimation technique based on the linear integral filter (LIF) method, the least-absolute error with variable forgetting factor (LAE+VFF) estimation method, is proposed in this paper to estimate the railway wheelset parameters modelled as a time-varying continuous-time (C-T) system. The inputs to the parameter estimator are the control signal and the railway wheelset system output, which is the wheelset’s lateral velocity. The algorithm includes an instrumental variable (IV) element to reduce estimation bias and a variable forgetting factor for good parameter tracking and smooth steady state. Simulation results have shown that the LAE with fixed forgetting factor gives better parameter estimates compared to the recursive least-squares error (RLSE) method, whereas the LAE+VFF offers even better estimation and tracking of system parameters that are subject to abrupt changes, provided that the fs and lf values are chosen accordingly. It has also been proven that the estimation error of the proposed LAE+VFF estimation algorithm is bounded.
Measuring Dynamics Of Scattering Centers In The Ocular Fundus
Authors: Rovati Luigi , Cattini Stefano , Viola Francesco , Staurenghi Giovanni
Published: November 2017

The study is focused on the analysis of the diffusing-wave-spectroscopy signal recorded in-vivo on the ocular fundus of a rabbit eye. The motion of the scattered sites was measured as a function of the pressure exerted by a Goldmann contact lens and during the moderate temperature increase induced by a therapeutic laser diode. Temporal fluctuations of the signal revel motion of molecules and thus changes in tissues temperature and chorioretinal blood velocity. Experimental results show the ability of the system to detect motion of the scattering sites in the ocular fundus layers during variations of the ocular pressure and laser heating
Design and Optimization of Bulk Micromachined Accelerometer for Space Applications
Authors: Paul Thampi , Singh Jaspreet , Nayak M. M. , Rajanna K. , Kumar M. Sasi
Published: November 2017

The accelerometers used for Inertial Navigation in satellite launch vehicles demand excellent performance in terms of sensitivity, noise immunity, linearity, bias and scale factor stability over time and environmental changes. Detailed and in-depth design of the microstructure by computer simulation is required to ensure structural integrity and reliability of the microstructure. The microstructure of the accelerometer consists of a proof mass suspended from the mounting frame by beam springs. Extensive Finite Element simulation of the silicon microstructure has been carried out to obtain application specific optimum design parameters. Based on the deflection, frequency and stress analyses the optimum geometry and dimensions of the accelerometer have been determined. Noise analysis has been carried out, the performance of the accelerometer has been predicted and its compliance to the expected performance is ensured.
A Location-Aware Call Forwarding Manager System For A Smart Telephony Network Of The Smart Space
Authors: Huang Heng-Chih , Huang Yueh-Min , Chiu Kuan-Chieh
Published: November 2017

A smart space, such as smart sensor rooms, an office, or simply an area, requires a smart telephony network for an effective voice communication between users. Nowadays, modern Private Branch Exchange (PBX) system does not only provide telephone exchange, but also supports many heterogeneous telephony networks and provides many other useful functions as well. Despite its powerfulness, PBX still cannot achieve a basic requirement for a smart space: It cannot adapt its surroundings automatically, i.e. people still need to make the call forwarding setting manually. In this paper, we propose a system with an algorithm named “2D location-aware” for tracking a person in a smart space. According to the ever-changing environment, the system performs an on-the-fly configuration to provide a dynamic telephony network. In other words, we aim to make all the telephones in the network available to every user in the smart space for receiving his phone calls without any manual call forwarding settings.
Study Of Superhydrophilic Nanoparticle-Based Ultra-Thin Films Towards The Development Of Optical Fiber Humidity Sensors
Authors: Hernaez Miguel , Matias Ignacio R. , Corres Jesus M. , Goicoechea Javier , Bravo Javier , Arregui Francisco J.
Published: November 2017

The study of new nanostructured transparent materials in order to control the permeability properties of the objects is a very interesting field of research due to its enormous applications in optical and electronics among others. With the aim of achieving superhydrophilic coatings it is very important to control some coating parameters such as the water affinity of the coating materials and the overall thickness and roughness at the nanometer scale. In this work transparent superhydrophilic ultra-thin coatings have been fabricated with the Layer-by-Layer (LbL) technique using different diameter SiO2 nanoparticles. These coatings were characterized to optimize their behavior and were applied to optical fiber substrates in order to create superhydrophilic optical interferometric cavities. These cavities show an optical response to Relative Humidity (RH) variations that are suitable for high performance sensing applications such as human-breathing monitoring
LF Indoor Location and Identification System
Authors: Ropponen Antti , Linnavuo Matti , Sepponen Raimo
Published: November 2017

In this paper, a low-frequency RFID location system based on a matrix of quad antennae placed under a floor surface is described. A prototype system was used for parameterisation and feasibility tests. The results show that it is possible to build a location system using floor quad antennae.
Design Of Wireless Communication Sensing Networks For Tunnels, Trains And Buildings
Authors: Palit S. K. , Bickerstaff Stuart , Langmaid Chris
Published: November 2017

This paper deals with the various assumptions used in the design and analysis of distributed antenna system (DAS) for trains, tunnels and in-building wireless radio coverage. The design includes handover overlap design, base station connectivity, signal reticulation using splitters, couplers, bidirectional amplifiers, attenuators, discrete antennas, radiating cables and opto-electric couplers etc. It is found that signal strength, noise, intermodulation calculated for the up and down links are in compliance with the given specifications and satisfy the required system margin. Our system specifications based on TETRA (Terrestrial Trunked Radio) ensures that the received signal is at least 5 dB higher than the TETRA dynamic sensitivity level and yields 95% coverage of all the used areas
Positioning Accuracy And Multi-Target Separation With A Human Tracking System Using Near Field Imaging
Authors: Rimminen H. , Lindström J. , Sepponen R.
Published: November 2017

We analyze the performance of a novel human tracking system, which uses the electric near field to sense human presence. The positioning accuracy with moving targets is measured using raw observations, observation centroids and Kalman filtered centroids. In addition to this, the multi-target discrimination performance is studied with two people and a Rao-Blackwellized Monte Carlo data association algorithm. A reel-based triangulation system is used as the reference positioning system. The mean positioning error for five test subjects walking at different speeds is 21 centimeters. The discrimination performance is 90% when the distance between the two people is over 0.8 meters. With distance over 1.1 meters the discrimination performance is 99%.
Control-Centric Simulator For Mechatronics Design Case Study: Gyroscopically Stabilized Single Wheel Robot
Authors: Zhen Zhu , Al-Mamun A. , Naing Myint Phone
Published: November 2017

A 3-Dimensional simulation platform developed as an aid for designing complex mechatronics system is presented in this paper. It uses ADAMS for simulation with animation of the dynamic behavior of the mechanism whose parts are drawn using a 3-D drawing software e.g., SolidWorks. The overall simulation platform integrates the 3-D simulator ADAMS with control design software MATLAB. This integration allows the designer to adopt a control-centric approach for designing complex mechanical structure to be used in a mechatronics system. Dynamic analysis of single wheel robot is used in this paper as an example to illustrate its uses. The simulating environment can easily be extended to any complex mechanical system simply by altering SolidWorks drawings
Extracting Electric Power From Human Body For Supplying Neural Recording System
Authors: Hmida G. Ben , Ekuakille A. L. , Kachouri A. , Ghariani H. , Trotta A.
Published: November 2017

A powerful approach to the characterization of cellular electrical activity is electrical recording from cells or living tissues. The human central and / or peripheral nervous system has been a subject of study and fascination of the neuroscience and biomedical engineering communities for many decades. In this paper, we propose a new approach to feed implantable neural recording system, which based on extracting electrical power from human tissue warmth in order to supply a biomedical neural recording system. The major issue to overcome, in the design of a system that is aimed at being implant into the human body, is having a low power consumption, low noise circuit and small dimension to minimize tissue damage.
Application Of Self-Tuning Fuzzy Pid Controller On Industrial Hydraulic Actuator Using System Identification Approach
Authors: Zulfatman  , Rahmat M. F.
Published: November 2017

In this paper, Self Tuning Fuzzy PID controller is developed to improve the performance of the electro-hydraulic actuator. The controller is designed based on the mathematical model of the system which is estimated by using System Identification technique. The model is performed in linear discrete model to obtain a discrete transfer function for the system. Model estimation procedures are done by using System Identification Toolbox in Matlab. Data for model estimation is taken from an experimental works. Fuzzy logic is used to tune each parameter of PID controller. Through simulation in Matlab by selecting appropriate fuzzy rules are designed to tune the parameters Kp, Ki and Kd of the PID controller, the performance of the hydraulic system has improved significantly compare to conventional PID controller.
One-Shot Three-Dimensional Surface Profilometry using DMD-Based Two-Frequency Moiré and Fourier Transform Technique
Authors: Chen L. C. , Cho C. H. , Nguyen X. L.
Published: November 2017

This article presents an optical measurement method for acquiring rapidly accurate geometric 3-D surface morphology of objects. To achieve high-speed profilometry and avoid disturbance due to in-field vibration, one-shot Fourier transform profilometry (FTP) using two- wavelength digital moiré pattern was developed to detect the morphology of the measured object at a speed of up to 60 frames or more per second. Single-fringe interferogram sufficient for FTP can be rapidly captured within a theoretical CCD acquisition time of down to 1 μs. The interferogram thus captured can be applied for further phase retrieving using the developed frequency transform and band-pass filtering strategies. The band-pass filter is designed to obtain phase information for optimizing the 3-D surface reconstruction with both dimensional and structural measurement accuracy. Furthermore, a standard step-height target was measured to analyze accuracy and repeatability of the developed methodology. Experimental results verified that the measurable step height can be effectively increased using the equivalent wavelength established by analyzing two-frequency moiré pattern, thus increasing practical applicability of the developed system while achieving a micro-scale measuring depth resolution. The maximum measured error can be kept within 3.5% of the overall measuring range.
Thermal Effects in Design of Integrated CMOS MEMS High Resolution Pressure Sensor
Authors: RoyChaudhuri C. , Datta S.K. , Saha H.
Published: November 2017

Thermal effects in integrated piezoresistive MEMS pressure sensor may be a problem of concern in design for applications requiring high precision measurements and in continuously monitoring array of sensor network. It not only results in the shift of the offset voltage of the pressure sensor but also affects the performance of the adjacent CMOS circuit leading to erroneous values. To address this problem, the thermal effects of the integrated sensor chip along with its packaging arising out of the self heating of piezoresistors has been analyzed through a simple heat balance model which has been validated by FEM analysis and laboratory experiment. It is observed that for a typical packaged pressure sensor of 5.6mm by 5.6mm and heat transfer coefficient of 100Wm-2K-1, thermal effect may lead to a temperature rise of around 50C whereas for a high precision application of pressure sensor even 1-20C of temperature rise may lead to significant error. A methodology of co-design and a new MOS library called PTMOS for direct integration of these thermal effects of MEMS piezoresistors in the CMOS circuit has also been presented to reduce considerably the design cycle time of the integrated sensor. This integrated analysis thus helps in proper selection of the dimensions and packaging of the integrated sensor chip taking into account the thermal effects for the optimization of its space constraint and its performance with reduced design cycle time.
Enhanced LPG response characteristics of SnO2 thin film based sensors loaded with Pt clusters
Authors: Haridas Divya , Chowdhuri Arijit , Sreenivas K. , Gupta Vinay
Published: November 2017

RF sputtered SnO2 thin films (90 nm thick) loaded with clusters of nanoscale (8 nm) metal catalysts (Pt, Ag, Ni, Pb, Al, Pd) are investigated for LPG detection. SnO2 film loaded with Pt catalyst clusters exhibits enhanced response (~ 7.5×102) to 200 ppm of LPG at a relatively low operating temperature (185oC) with a fast response time of 100s. Variation of thickness of Pt clusters in the nanoscale range (2 to 20 nm) is seen to significantly influence the sensor response characteristics. Enhanced performance is observed for SnO2 thin films loaded with 10 nm thick platinum clusters that exhibited a high response (~ 5 x 103) at an operating temperature, of 220° C. Preliminary results indicate the potential application of prepared sensor structure of Pt clusters (10nm)/SnO2 (90 nm)/IDE/glass substrate for efficient detection of LPG at relatively low temperature.
UHF RFID Metal Tag Applying to License Plate using Metal Shielding and Watertight Methods
Authors: Hwang Gi-Hyun , Cha Kyoung-Hwan , Bhardwaj Sachin , Lee Dae-Seok
Published: November 2017

This paper describes a design for RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tag using license plate attached the vehicle bumper in 900 MHz band. The implemented metal tag for a license plate is applied metal shielding method, watertight method of RFID tag, and metal corrosion protection method using silk screen technique. Moreover, its range of the fabricated tag antenna that the license plate and the vehicle bumper were fixed by volt and nut was observed 8.2 m. This measured readable range showed about 5 m above far distance more than the average readable range of commercial tag antenna. The RFID have ability of 0.5 seconds of recognition speed in the evaluation of performance. The tag for license plate will be able to provide to the custom administrator and goods manager in various telemetries services.
An Intelligent Fuzzy Controller for Air-Condition with Zigbee Sensors
Authors: Wang Tzu-Ming , Liao I-Ju , Liao Jen-Chi , Suen Tain-Wen , Lee Wei-Tsong
Published: November 2017

In recent years, the research and development of energy-saving control in air-condition system has become a hot spot with the advance of science and technology. In this paper, we proposed a fuzzy control mechanism for air-condition system, which combines the fuzzy control and multi-point sensing technology. When people feel cooler or hotter indoor, the air condition should promptly detect the temperature variance and switch the temperate between hot and cool smoothly. Therein an intelligent fuzzy controller for air-condition with Zigbee sensors is used to provide the comfort and energy-saving benefit. Although traditional control system (shorten as TCS) and the proposed fuzzy control system (named as FCS) have a common goal of temperature control, they differ from each other in temperature switch decision made during the each ambient temperature phases. Under the operating policy to limit the air-condition power on/off power frequency, the simulation result present the FCS energy-saving ratio is about 1.3 times of the TCS. And FCS with 5 minutes control cycle has the best energy-saving rate. It’s 2.7 times of FCS with 10 minutes control cycle for summertime in Taiwan.
FPGA Based Maximum Power Point Tracker of Partially Shaded Solar Photovoltaic Arrays using Modified Adaptive Perceptive Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Chowdhury Shubhajit Roy , Mukherjee Dipankar , Saha Hiranmay
Published: November 2017

The paper presents a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based tracker to accurately track the maximum power point (MPP) of a photovoltaic (PV) array. The tracking logic realized on FPGA is based on a modified version of Adaptive Perceptive Particle Swarm Optimization (APPSO) technique. Photovoltaic generation systems use MPP tracker because the photovoltaic array exhibits multiple maxima in the power voltage characteristic under partially shaded conditions. Compared to PSO, the APPSO offers flexibility in the motion dynamics of the particle in the search space through variation in perception radius, number of sampling points per directions, and the number of sampling directions. The APPSO algorithm has been suitably modified to suit to the slight changes in the maximum power point at around the maximum power point. The proposed technique uses only one pair of sensors to control multiple PV arrays. This results in lower cost, higher accuracy and also the algorithm is simple. The implementation of the algorithm on a reconfigurable architecture like FPGA ensures hardware based flexibility in the motion dynamics presented by APPSO. A comparative study is performed to compare the performance of PSO and APPSO with respect to MPP tracking. Compared to PSO that track to the MPP under partial shading conditions and reaches the MPP with 96.41% accuracy, the APPSO can track to the MPP with 97.95% accuracy. The algorithm when realized on an Altera Cyclone EP1C6Q240C8 FPGA consumes 5967 logic blocks.
An Extensive Study, Design and Simulation of Mems Guided Media: Microstrip Line
Authors: Maurya Savita
Published: November 2017

In this paper, some design issues of one of the planar-guided media known as Microstrip line has been presented. The main purpose of this paper is to study the fundamental transmission properties of the microstrip line in view of varying the length, materials used for device formation/fabrication and highest frequency of operation. The paper is mainly divided in to two portions; first portion deals with theoretical portion because, it is necessary to know how the characteristic impedance, phase velocity, and attenuation constant of the dominant mode of microstrip depend on geometrical factors, on the electronic properties of substrate and conductors used, and on the frequency. Since this is a “mixed” dielectric system, the TEM mode can not be supported [2] and the second portion of the investigation was devoted to the effect of variation of length and frequency on the RF performance of the line. Although many papers are available on this topic, but the issues described in this paper have somewhat different point of view.
A New Method to Assess Perceived Well-Being among Elderly People – a Follow-Up Study
Authors: Reijula Jori , Rosendahl Toni , Reijula Kari , Roilas Paula , Roilas Heikki , Sepponen Raimo
Published: November 2017

This is a follow-up study to a previous experiment that evaluated the feasibility of a simple monitoring device, Con-Dis, in assessing perceived well-being (PWB) among elderly people. Additionally, in the present study Con-Dis was used at the same time as blood pressure and heart rate monitors and pedometers to see the possible correlation between PWB, blood pressure, heart rate, and time spent on outdoor activity. The Con-Dis device proved technically functional, feasible, and informative throughout the four-week follow-up test period among elderly test subjects. In addition, PWB (measured by Con-Dis) appeared to correlate with mood, QoL, and time spent on outdoor activity.
FPGA-Based Implementation of Real Time Optical Flow Algorithm and Its Applications for Digital Image Stabilization
Authors: Piotrowski Robert , Szczepanski Stanislaw , Koziel Slawomir
Published: November 2017

An efficient simplification procedure of the optical flow (OF) algorithm as well as its hardware implementation using the field programmable gate array (FPGA) technology is presented. The modified algorithm is based on block matching of subsets of successive frames, and exploits onedimensional representation of subsets as well as the adaptive adjustments of their sizes. Also, an l1- norm-based correlation function requiring no multiplication/division operations is used. As a result, it was possible to reduce the computational complexity of the algorithm without compromising the processing accuracy. Both the accuracy and the limitations resulting from the introduced simplifications have been verified based on several examples of both synthetic and real movie samples. The presented algorithm has been implemented using VirtexII-1000 FPGA to realize a digital stabilization system for the CMOS camera images. Experimental results fully confirm the efficiency of the presented algorithm when working with limited computational resources. This demonstrates the possibility of using our algorithm in the autonomous navigation and other battery-powered systems.
Sliding Mode Based Fuzzy Control for Positioning of Optical Pickup Head
Authors: Tsai M. Y. , Liu T. S.
Published: November 2017

A laser diode package is mounted on an optical pickup head actuator. The laser diode package is used to sense the displacement of a moving target by self-mixing interference signals. A sliding mode based fuzzy control method is developed to achieve fast response of the optical pickup head actuator, which is driven in a focusing direction. Simulation results show the proposed method performs better than sliding-mode control. Experimental results further show that the proposed control method outperforms sliding-mode control.