bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physico-chemical and sensory evaluation of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L. Mill and Opuntia robusta Wendl) cladode flour in different baked products
Authors: De Wit M. , Bothma C. , Hugo A. , Sithole T. , Absalom C. , Van den Berg C.
Published: October 2022

Cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica and O. robusta) cladode flour was used to prepare andevaluate three types of baked products. Data from the physical and chemical analysis wereanalyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The significance of the overall sensoryacceptance measured for each sample was tested by means of ANOVA. After the data wascalculated, the results were represented as a spider plot, where a specific spoke denotes aspecific attribute. Health bread, containing three different types of seeds and whole wheatflour was prepared. Whole wheat flour was replaced with cactus pear flour in percentagesof 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 17% replacement. The volume decreased and the texture becamemore solid and firm. The brown colour of the bread darkened when the percentagereplacement of the flour increased, although it was still acceptable to the consumer.Crunchy oats biscuits were manufactured with increasing replacement levels (0, 5, 10, 20and 50%) of wheat flour with cactus cladode flour from three different cultivars, Opuntiaficus-indica (“Skinners Court” and “Morado”) as well as Opuntia robusta (“Monterrey”).Cultivar had a significant (p < 0.001, 0.0001) effect on color, taste and texture, but not onappearance. Increasing inclusion levels of cactus pear flour had a significant (p < 0.0001)effect on all the sensory attributes evaluated. The taste that was most liked by the panelwas that of the Morado 10% inclusion level sample. Cladode flours were found to affectquality parameters of texture, color and taste of the biscuits. With the increase in the levelof cladode flour in the formulation of a popular South African carrot cake, the sensory scoresfor the organoleptic characteristics of the cakes decreased. The control samples (0% cactusflour) had maximum overall acceptability, whereas cakes containing 75% and 100%cladode flour were found to be unacceptable to the panellists. From the overall acceptabilityrating, it was concluded that cladodes flour could be incorporated up to 25% level in theformulation of these cakes.
Replacement of gelatin with Opuntia ficus-indica mucilage in flavored pink and unflavored white marshmallows. Part 2: Consumer liking
Authors: Du Toit L. , Bothma C. , De Wit M.
Published: October 2022

Mucilage from the cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica is under investigation for application inseveral foodstuffs. Since it can not form gels on its own, it is advised to be used incombination with other hydrocolloids. The aim of this study was to compare consumer likingof flavored and unflavored marshmallows made with wet mucilage, to that of a flavored andunflavored control sample (with 100% gelatin), as well as a flavored and unflavoredcommercial brand. Ninety-two consumers tasted the following six samples: whitecommercial (Manhattan); white control (gelatin); white mucilage (75% mucilage + 12.5%agar + 12.5% xanthan); pink commercial (Manhattan); pink control (gelatin); and pinkmucilage (75% mucilage + 12.5% agar + 12.5% xanthan). Consumer liking was tested fortaste, aftertaste, texture, as well as an overall acceptability of liking. The white mucilagemarshmallows had the lowest ranking for taste, aftertaste, texture and overall acceptability,and differed significantly (p<0.05) from all the other samples. However, the pink mucilagemarshmallow did not differ from the pink commercial one (which had the highest rankingsfor taste, aftertaste, texture, and overall acceptability) and pink control marshmallow. Thedifferences between the white and pink mucilage marshmallows ranged between 2.75 and2.89 on the hedonic scale. It could be concluded that flavoring successfully masked thedistinctive aroma of the mucilage in the marshmallows, thereby also increasing scores fortexture and overall acceptability.
Effects of compost level in soil and season on the production and composition of cactus varieties
Authors: Santos-Haliscak J. A. , Kawas J. R. , Fimbres-Durazo H. , Moreno-Degollado G. , Vázquez-Alvarado R. E. , Olivares-Sáenz E. , Andrade-Montemayor H.
Published: October 2022

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of adding compost on nutritive valueof cactus cladodes during the four seasons of the year. The production, chemical composition,and in vitro digestibility of a cactus variety with spines (WS) and a cactus variety without spines(WOS), were subjected to a complete block design with three quantities of compost (0, 61 and122 t ha-1) and four seasons (summer, fall, and winter 2013 and spring 2014). The WS varietyproduced more dry matter (DM) (p=0.035) and crude protein (CP) (p=0.037) than the WOSvariety. Although CP, fiber constituents, and mineral composition of cactus varied (p<0.001)with respect to season of the year, in vitro DM digestibility did not differ (p=0.29) acrossseasons. Both cactus varieties had high ash (29.0 to 29.2%) and moisture (89.5 to 91.7%)contents. Adding compost to the soil improved (p<0.001) the average DM production of bothcactus varieties. Compost addition also increased the lignin (p=0.008), phosphorus (p<0.001)and zinc (p=0.025) concentrations and reduced (p=0.04) the in vitro DM digestibility. The highash and moisture contents of cactus could reduce the densities of energy and other nutrientsthat are consumed by livestock.
A study on biochemical properties of different parts of three Opuntia species (Opuntia ficus-indica, O. microdasys, and O. basilaris)
Authors: Pasandide Talemi Ehya , Sedaghathoor Shahram
Published: October 2022

Cacti are thorny plants originated from America that grow in most parts of the world. It isused as an ornamental plant thanks to its unique fleshy and beautiful appearance. The fruitsof Opuntia are rich in antioxidants, which makes it possible for this species to tolerategrueling adverse environments. The biochemical properties of fruits and stems of threeOpuntia species (Opuntia ficus-indica, O. microdasys, and O. basilaris) were studied in atrial based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The intended traitswere estimated for the tissues of stems and fruits. They included total protein, dissolvedsugar, enzymatic antioxidants like catalase and peroxidase, anthocyanin content,carotenoid, chlorophyll, pH, total acidity, vitamin C and Brix degrees content in the juice.The results revealed that the stems and fruits of O. ficus-indica had the highest carotenoidand chlorophyll a, the stems of O. microdasys had the highest antioxidant capacity,anthocyanin, carotenoid, chlorophyll, peroxidase, and protein, and the fruits of O. basilarishad the lowest antioxidant capacity, anthocyanin, catalase, peroxidase, and Brix.
Physicochemical and sensory characterization of meat from Santa Ines sheep fed with cactus forage (Opuntia ficus indica mill)
Authors: Germano Costa Roberto , Gabriela P.Cordeiro Ana , Geraldo Costa Marcone , Queiroga Rita de Cassia R.E. , Azevedo Paulo Sérgio , Rodrigues Medeiros Geovergue , Carvalho Francisco F.R.
Published: October 2022

Forty non-castrated male lambs were randomly assigned to groups fed with cactus forage (0,17.6, 35.3, 53.2 or 71.1%) in place of buffelgrass hay to evaluate the effects onphysicochemical and sensory properties of sheep meat. There was no influence of weightloss by cooking, shear force, moisture, lipids and ash (P>0.05). Effects were observed forprotein (P<0.05), initial lightness (P<0.01) and final color (P<0.05) when increasing the levelof cactus forage in the diet. Reduction in saturated fatty acids was found, mainly myristicacids, and increased levels of monounsaturated fatty acids and oleic acids, due tobiohydrogenation. The use of cactus forage in the diet as a replacement for buffelgrasssignificantly influences the content of fatty acids in Santa Ines sheep meat, improving the lipidprofile, without influencing sensory attributes.
Solvent pre-treatment effect on germination of creeping devil cactus (Stenocereus eruca) seeds
Authors: Arce-Amezquita Pablo Misael , Cota-Carballo María Antonieta , Ruiz- Espinoza Francisco Higinio , Murillo-Amador Bernardo , Beltrán-Morales Felix Alfredo
Published: October 2022

Stenocereus eruca is a columnar horizontally grown cactus that can “move” on the groundrelatively fast. It is considered an endangered species and endemic to a very small extensionof land in Baja California Sur, México. Seedling recruitment seems to be a big problem for itspropagation; however, it can propagate asexually. There is strong evidence that seed pretreatmentwith organic solvents affect seed germination ability. Thus, the objective of thisstudy was to determine the effect of treating chirinola seeds, collected from Puerto SanCarlos area, with different solvents in terms of rate and total germination. The experimentwas arranged in a completely randomized design using two different solvents (acetone anddichloromethane) with four replicates of 25 seeds each one. Pre-treatment of chirinola seedswith acetone increased total germination almost double (62%) as compared to the control(32%). On the other hand, pre-treatment of the seeds with dichloromethane reduced totalgermination to 0%. The use of this two solvent for pre-treatment of the seeds had verydifferent effect of germination making acetone a suitable solvent in order to increase totalgermination of chirinola seeds.
Fruit number and weight depend on length, width and thickness of fruiting cladode in Opuntia albicarpa Scheinvar variety ‘Cristalina’
Authors: Blanco-Macías Fidel , Méndez-Gallegos Santiago de Jesús , Magallanes- Quintanar Rafael , Márquez-Madrid Miguel , Villarreal-Guerrero Federico , López-Santiago Marco Andrés , Valdez-Cepeda Ricardo David
Published: October 2022

Opuntia genus is distributed around the world. It grows in a wide range of environmentalconditions, which imply a great variability in fruit yield. Productivity also varies at within-treelevels due to limiting factors like fruiting cladode size. Such a variation can be reducedthrough horticultural practices. However, there are little evidences on that topic undertechnical basis. So, we used a database with variables measured on 63 fruiting 1-year-oldterminal cladodes and their 532 fruits to characterize the dependence of number of fruits percladode or fruit weight on cladode maximum length, width and thickness, as well as therelationships between fruit weight or cladode fruit yield and number of fruits per cladode for                                                                                                                  the case of Opuntia albicarpa Sheinvar variety ‘Cristalina’ using the boundary line approach.Results suggest it may be recommendable not to remove, through pruning practice, fruiting1-year-old terminal cladodes having ?28 cm, ?16 cm, and ?13 mm in length, width andthickness, respectively, and the convenience of fruit thinning by keeping cladode loads from7 to 14 fruits.
Potential role of transposable elements to differentiate tuna and xoconostle Opuntia varieties
Authors: Valadez-Moctezuma Ernestina , Flores-Cantoriano Carlos , Samah Samir
Published: October 2022

Opuntia, an important horticultural crop in Mexico, is cultivated mainly for its two fruitsvariants: sweet fruits or prickly pears (tunas) and acidic fruits (xoconostles). The interretrotransposonamplified polymorphism (IRAP) technique was applied to evaluate geneticdiversity of Opuntia varieties and to differentiate xoconostle fruits from tunas. Five IRAPprimers previously described for other plant species and classified into three retrotransposonfamilies, namely Copia, Gypsy and TRIM, were analysed in 43 Opuntia varieties (eightxoconostles and 35 tunas). The five individual IRAP primers generated a total of 264fragments, where 64.8 % of them were polymorphics. The retrotransposon of the Gypsyfamily (60 fragments) was more represented than Copia (average of 52 fragments) or TRIM(48 fragments) families. Moreover, the percentage of polymorphic fragments was higher (61.9%) in xoconostles than in tunas (56.5 %). A larger number of total amplified fragments (262)was found among tunas, compared to those amplified from xoconostle varieties (257fragments). In contrast, a lower number of polymorphic bands were counted among tunas(148) than among xoconostle varieties (159). Unlike the UPGMA analysis, where three of thexoconostle-producing varieties were grouped with other tunas, the PCoA analysis allowed abetter separation of all xoconostle varieties. These results suggest a potential role of thetransposable elements in genetic divergence within the Opuntia genus.
An overview of Cholla (Cylindropuntia spp.) from Sonora, Mexico
Authors: Balandrán-Quintana R.R. , González-León A. , Islas-Rubio A.R. , Madera-Santana T.J. , Soto-Valdez H. , Mercado-Ruiz J.N. , Peralta E. , Robles-Osuna L.E. , Vásquez-Lara F. , Carvallo-Ruiz T. , Granados-Nevarez M.C. , Martínez-Núñez Y.Y. , Montoya- Ballesteros L.C
Published: October 2022

The cholla (Cylindropuntia cholla, C. imbricata, C. fulgida, or C. bigelovii) is a cactus that growsin desert regions such as Sonora, Mexico. It is capable of surviving extreme conditions, withlow water availability including extreme temperature fluctuations, high ultraviolet radiation, lownutrient content soils, and drought. This Cactaceae plant is arborescent or shrub, with a welldefinedtrunk, a main stem with verticilos of lateral branches, and strongly tuberculate; the stemhas tubers arranged in series of spirals and this tubers have areoles. A short-term use of thisCactaceae is obtaining its root for folk medicine and stalks as new foodstuffs like cholla juice.In the long term, cholla juice provides a precedent in establishing processes for thedevelopment of products such as cholla tea, cooked slices, and pickled, dehydrated product,among others. The cholla plant shares characteristics with other members of the plant familyCactaceae and its chemical composition (fiber, carbohydrates, etc.) is also similar to nopalcactus. Therefore, it has the potential of medicinal properties that would counteract symptomsof chronic-degenerative diseases such as diabetes. Moreover, identification andcharacterization of its chemical compounds, toxicity, processing effect on bioavailability,mechanisms of action, and health effects of bioactive compounds, have been scarcelyinvestigated and therefore, requires scientific evidence on these important aspects.
Phosphorus effect on the production and nutritional value of cactus genotypes in a region of semi-arid climate
Authors: Leandro de Lima Bárbara Silveira , Loiola Edvan Ricardo , Torreão Marques Carlos Aldrovandi , Da Costa Torreão Jacira Neves , Jácome de Araújo Marcos , Marins Mota Rute Ribeiro , Da Silveira Alves Francisco Gleyson
Published: October 2022

The study aims evaluate the effect of phosphate fertilization on yield, chemical composition and in situ degradability of different cactus pear genotypes under semi-arid climate conditions. A randomized complete block design was adopted, the plots being three cactus pear genotypes [Doce and Baiano (Nopalea cochenillifera) and Mexicano (Opuntia tuna)] and the subplots being four phosphorus levels in the soil (0; 30; 60 and 90 kg P ha-1 year). The highest total green forage mass yield (TGFM) was observed in the genotype Mexicano with 87,830 ± 4,220 kg ha-1, and there was an increase of 34,630 kg ha-1 of TGFM when 90 kg of P ha-1 was used. The neutral detergent fiber content showed linear response with increase of 0.285 g kg-1 for each kg of phosphorus applied. Regarding the genotype Doce, the highest degradation values of fractions “a”, "b" and "c" of the dry matter (DM) were observed at the levels 90, 0 and 90 kg P ha-1 year, respectively, and of the crude protein (CP) at the levels 0; 0 and 60 kg P ha-1 year, respectively. Phosphate fertilization increases yield and improves the nutritional value of cactus genotypes in region of semi-arid climate.
Establishment of callus and cell suspension cultures of Ariocarpus retusus (Scheidweiler)
Authors: Fiedler Ilse , Santacruz-Ruvalcaba Fernando , Portillo Liberato
Published: October 2022

Ariocarpus retusus is an endemic species of Mexico subject to special protection by the Mexican government due to its vulnerability to habitat disturbance. Previous studies have reported secondary metabolites in A. retusus with interesting biological activity. However, the use of these secondary metabolites has limitations. The aim of this study was to establish protocols for obtaining friable callus and cell suspension cultures that allow the subsequent development of strategies for obtaining secondary metabolites. Seedlings were obtained from seeds which were exposed to different concentrations of auxins and cytokinins to induce callogenesis. The callus generated was subcultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with modifications in the content of ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate, and incubated in different photoperiod conditions (16:8 h light: dark and continuous darkness). Likewise, cell suspensions were established and characterized by friable callus. The MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L 2,4-D, 2 mg/L BAP, and 3 mg/L KIN allowed the development of vigorous callus. Callus friability was enhanced by decreasing ammonium nitrate (410 mg/L) and increasing potassium nitrate (2850 mg/L). The absence of light during incubation induced friable callus. The addition of myo-inositol (3 mg/L) significantly (p = 0.000) influenced the increase in biomass of cell suspensions.
La reticencia como causal de nulidad relativa en el contrato de seguro de vida deudores
Authors: Herrera Henao Héctor Darío
Published: October 2022

La reticencia u ocultamiento de información por parte del asegurando, que se genera en el momento de la declaración de asegurabilidad - acto de la etapa precontractual del contrato de seguro - se constituye en el momento en el que la ubérrima buena fe, propia de este tipo de contratos, hace presencia real en la atmósfera de la relación aseguraticia. La reticencia – de darse - puede llegar a producir una nulidad relativa en el contrato de seguro, por eso es la muestra más palpable de la confianza que las partes se profesan. Al decidir asegurar, la declaración de asegurabilidad, pone al asegurador en el escenario del “conocer”, que emana de una información, pura y simple, de una información inocente y diáfana; no obstante, y dada la posición de experto del asegurador, y de existir algún viso de ocultamiento, el asegurador está en la obligación de ahondar en ello, mediante pruebas de ciencia, para precisar el real estado de salud del asegurando, es lo que se llama el “deber conocer”, de tal suerte que de aparecer algún dictamen que indique un endeble estado de salud, el asegurador podrá, o bien primar la póliza por un valor más alto (sobre primar), o bien abstenerse del aseguramiento. De asegurar sobre primando, habrá convalidado el estado de salud presentado y no podrá alegar reticencia al momento de la reclamación, toda vez que un indicador de un inestable estado de salud, resultado del deber conocer, lo obliga a entrar en otra fase, de mayor auscultamiento, que es la del “poder conocer”, que le impone asegurarse a plenitud de los detalles más íntimos que puedan estarse presentando. En este punto, lo único que le quedará al asegurador para alegar, será la mala fe del asegurando, y no la reticencia, que ya sería a estas alturas improcedente.
Una mirada a la implementación de la oralidad en el sistema procesal civil peruano
Authors: Sangama Estrada Kattia Sarai
Published: October 2022

La oralidad es aquel medio idóneo que desde tiempo pretérito ha permitido que el ser humano despliegue información de manera pertinente y célere. Es así, que este recurso ha ido tomando posición en el sistema legal para garantizar dinamismo jurídico; no obstante, su adhesión no ha demandado en todas las ramas, siendo una de ellas, la disciplina civil. Bajo esos parámetros, germina esta investigación con la visión de demostrar de qué manera se interpreta la implementación de la oralidad dentro del sistema procesal civil peruano; para dar respuesta a ello, se recopiló información sobre la temática con el apoyo de especialistas en la materia abarcada y afines, desarrollándose bajo el paradigma interpretativo y el tipo cualitativo. Los especialistas, bajo la denominación de sujetos participantes (por la naturaleza cualitativa de la presente investigación), disertaron sus perspectivas respecto al tema analizado, las cuales fueron recepcionadas gracias a la técnica de entrevista semiestructurada y a la guía de entrevista como instrumento metodológico. En ese sentido, la implementación de la oralidad, se mostró como un tema que coadyuvará a la eficiencia y celeridad en los plazos preestablecidos del proceso civil, y, dejar de lado, toda falencia inmersa en la praxis por la sobrevaloración de la escritura.
Türk Tiyatro Alanında Örgütsel Yapılanma: Siyasetin ve Kurumsal Mantıkların Etkileri
Authors: CAN Özge
Published: October 2022

Örgüt araştırmaları alanında önemli bir teorik çerçeve sunan kurumsal mantıklar, örgütsel alanların rakip anlam sistemleri tarafından nasıl şekillendirildiğini, aktörlerin bu sistemlerin ayrıştırılabilir bileşenlerini kimlik oluşturma, birleştirme ve dönüştürme araçları olarak nasıl kullanabildiklerini gösterir. Bu makale, kurumsal mantıkların tarihsel bir incelemesi yanında, yaratıcı bir endüstri olan Türk tiyatro alanında örgütlerin nasıl konumlandıklarına dair keşfedici bir analiz sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kurumsal mantıklar yaklaşımını yapılandırma (konfigürasyon) bakış açısıyla bütünleştirerek, belli kurumsal mantıkların etkisi altındaki bir endüstride örgütlerin birbirleriyle nasıl ilişkilendiklerini geniş siyasi ve sosyo-kültürel dönüşümlere dayalı olarak açıklamaktır. Bunun için, Türkiye’de 1923 ve 1980 yılları arasında İstanbul ve Ankara illerinde faaliyet yürüten profesyonel tiyatrolarca oynanan oyunların verisi toplanmıştır. Bu veriye dayanarak tiyatro topluluklarının üç farklı zaman diliminde ve bir endüstri haritası üzerinde birbirlerine göre nasıl konumlandıkları incelenmiştir. Yapılan tarihsel analiz, seçilen dönemlerde Türk tiyatrosuna iki kurumsal mantığın hâkim olduğunu göstermektedir; aydınlanma mantığı ve eleştirel-estetik mantık. Çok boyutlu ölçekleme (MDS) analizi ve benzerlik hesaplaması sonuçları ise, her dönemde farklı tiyatro kümelerinin ortaya çıktığını, bunun da hâkim mantıklar ile beraber bu mantıkların dayandığı politik ideolojilerin doğrudan bir sonucu olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışmada tanımlanan ve yorumlanan konfigürasyonlar, endüstrilerin kurumsal mantıklar yoluyla inşasına ve dönüşümüne dair anlayışımızı genişletmektedir. Endüstri içi varyasyonun ve değişiminin haritalanması ile örgüt gruplarının stratejik konumlanması üzerine gelecekteki tartışmalara katkı sağlanması umulmaktadır.
Estudo Comparativo de Desempenho entre Bancos de Dados NoSQL Distribuídos
Authors: Costa Kaique J. , Santos Kalvin V. V. , Rojas Roger T. , Duarte Junior Wendel S. , Bianchini Calebe P.
Published: October 2022

Com o crescimento dos bancos de dados NoSQL no mercado e a grande quantidade de dados no mundo digital de hoje, essa quantidade de dados muitas vezes excede o poder de processamento de uma máquina sendo necessário utilizar sistemas de banco de dados distribuídos. Nesse cenário, muitos profissionais de tecnologia ao iniciar um novo projeto não sabem qual a melhor opção de banco escolher. Este estudo tem por objetivo comparar o desempenho de três bancos de dados NoSQL (Redis, MongoDB e Cassandra), distribuindo seus dados em três máquinas e em cenários específicos de processamento de dados (atualização, leitura e escrita), visando auxiliar a comunidade a ter um melhor entendimento sobre essas tecnologias.
Paralelizando um algoritmo de backtracking no navegador com Web Workers e WebAssembly
Authors: Rodrigues Daniel T. , Bianchini Calebe de Paula
Published: October 2022

O uso de navegadores modernos se mostra cada vez mais essencial na atualidade. Recursos como Web Workers vêm se tornando mais adotados nos mais usados navegadores da Internet, possibilitando melhoria de desempenho em aplicações web, e por consequência, execução de tarefas de maior demanda computacional dentro desses mesmos navegadores. Este artigo explora uma técnica de paralelismo de tarefas usando Web Workers, apresentando como estudo de caso um algoritmo de geração de palavras cruzadas, executando-os em um navegador. Os resultados mostram, até mesmo, speedups superlineares para a versão paralela do algoritmo estudado.
Soil Reinforcement Modelling on a Hilly Slope with Vegetation of Five Species in the Area Prone to Landslide in Malang, Indonesia
Authors: Zayadi Ruwaida , Putri Christy Anandha , Irfan Muhammad Nur , Kusuma Zaenal , Leksono Amin Setyo , Yanuwiadi Bagyo
Published: October 2022

Malang Indonesia is an area prone to landslides, resulting in the need to model soil reinforcement to determine the vegetation’s slope stability using the roots of five species. One of the methods to improve the stability of slopes prone to landslides is adequate vegetation preservation. Soil strengthening with vegetation roots is environmentally friendly and an inexpensive alternative to reduce the vulnerability of slopes along mountainous slopes and the risk of shallow erosions. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the vegetation arrangement on the slopes in Malang Regency, Indonesia, with a view of geotechnical engineering on the role of its root characteristics. Slope stability was analyzed by modeling the distribution of vegetation roots as an equivalent cohesion approach, where the factor of safety (FoS) is calculated using the PLAXIS-2D version 86 software. Soil and root parameters were obtained through direct shear testing and examining five plant species’ tensile strength. The results showed that the highest stability is achieved when the position of the vegetation on the slope’s surface is compared to the top. The factor of safety (FoS) increased from 23% to 30% and from 28% to 31% for slopes with uniform and combined species. Of the five plant species, P. merkusii demonstrated some advantages in maintaining stability because it has better root mechanical properties, among others. However, the combined species, such as C. arabica, had better performance because they possess vertical and lateral root systems, which act as an anchor in penetrating and griping the soil. This means combining vegetation species is a preferable preventive measure to increase slope stability. The analysis results also demonstrated the significance of vegetation on slope stability. The results show that the FoS decreases when the slope angle increases and reaches its maximum when the species are combined. The mechanical effect of the plant root matrix system can increase the shear strength of the soil, thereby raising the slope stability. The density of roots in the soil mass and the tensile strength contribute to the soil’s ability to withstand shear stresses.
Effect of Drinking Magnetized Water on Offensive Odour from Poultry Droppings of Broiler Chicken
Authors: Yusuf Kamorudeen Olaniyi , Akande Oluwatobi  Sunday , Baiyeri Modupe Ruth
Published: October 2022

The study was conducted to assess the effect of drinking magnetized water (MW) on the offensive odour by the poultry droppings from the broiler chicken (BC). Poultry droppings in poultry farm normally give offensive odour around the area where poultry farm is sited. Drinking MW could improve the digestibility of feed and dryness of the poultry droppings thereby reducing the ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and offensive odour. BCs (Arbor Acres breed) were given MW. The magnetic water treatment unit comprises a 20 by 60 mm rectangular plastic pipe and 960 mm long surrounded with 12 pieces of a 10 × 25 × 50 mm neodymium magnet rated 1.5T. The treatments were MW treated for 33 s (MW1), MW treated for 66 s (MW2), MW3 was treated for 99 s and the control (non-magnetized water, NMW). A total of 80 BCs (day old) with 20 for each treatment were given MW1, MW2, MW3 or NMW and monitored for 7 weeks. Samples of poultry droppings were randomly collected at 4, 5, 6 and 7 weeks. NH3 and H2S were analyzed using standard methods. The mean concentration of NH3 for MW1 varied from 13.10 × 10-3 to 49.85 × 10-3, MW2 varied from 12.50 × 10-3 to 42.64 × 10-3, MW3 varied from 12.43 × 10-3 to 41.32 × 10-3 while the corresponding values for NMW varied from 20.30 × 10-3 to 65.13 × 10-3 mg/L. MW1, MW2 and MW3 reduced the odour by 30.65–55.73%, 52.74–62.40% and 33.42–63.31%, respectively. The effect of drinking MW was significant on the reduction of NH3 at α ≤ 0.025. MW also reduced the concentration of H2S in the poultry droppings. MW is recommended for producing broiler chicken to reduce offensive odour from the poultry farms.
Utilization a Mixture of Eggshells and Husk Ash to Reduce Environmental Impact
Authors: Darkun Kholil , Febrina Laila , Lutfansa Argam
Published: October 2022

Eggshell waste and husk ash are abundant in Indonesia, with a population of 263 million, which is estimated to reach 483,920 tons and 10 million tons, respectively. However, this waste has not been utilized optimally, so it has a negative impact on the environment. This study aims to analyze the quality (compressive strength and water absorption) of a mixture of eggshells and husk ash as paving blocks for buildings to reduce the environmental burden. The experiment was carried out using a 2 factor factorial design: eggshells (4 levels: 0%, 5%, 7% and 15%); and husk ash (4 levels:  0%, 5%, 8% and 10%). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance, followed by analysis of mean using the least significant difference (LSD). The results showed that the mixture of eggs and husk ash had good quality, so it could reduce the need for Portland cement, which has a negative impact on the environment during production process. The best quality of a paving block was a mixture of 10% of husk ash and 15% of eggshells (A4B4 treatment) with the compressive strength value of 39 Mpa and water absorption of 5.8% (good).
Environmental Assessment of Land Surface Temperature Using Remote Sensing Technology
Authors: Kamal Hebah , Aljeri Munairah , Abdelhadi Ahmed , Thomas Megha , Dashti Alyaa
Published: October 2022

The rapid growth of urbanization exposes the environment to severe issues that threaten the quality of life. High land surface temperature (LST) is one of the most prominent issues in large cities where anthropogenic activities are accumulated, energy consumption and gas emissions increase, forming urban heat islands (UHI). In this research, the LST and the UHI formations were used as indicators to inspect and evaluate the environmental status of Kuwait’s urban area, which recently recorded a notable rise in air temperature. The LST spatial and temporal changes were examined and analyzed by utilizing satellite images of Landsat-8 for the period 2013–2020. The relationship between LST and air temperature was determined using the linear regression method. UHIs formation sites were investigated on different surfaces using the land use map. Results revealed that the LST average increased by 3°C in 2020 within seven years, and a strong positive relationship was observed between the LST and the air temperature. The UHI was mainly concentrated in industrial areas, oil fields, and airports. Moreover, the LST in the rural area reached 41.47°C, which is 4°C higher than it was in 2013. UHI intensity was calculated to assess the extent of variability in the LST between urban and rural areas; this intensity was lower in 2020 than in 2013 due to vegetation reduction in 2020. The continuous rise of the LST in Kuwait could lead to an inevitable environmental issue. Vegetation and water bodies play a significant role in moderating the LST, and these types of land coverage are rare in Kuwait. This research may contribute to controlling the temperature rise in UHI accumulation areas by following appropriate environmental solutions, sustainable urban planning, and encouraging the greening process.
Happiness, Hope, and Adherence to Treatment Regimen Among Iranian Older Adults with Chronic Diseases During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gheibizadeh Mahin , Javanmardifard Sorur , Azar Mojtaba , Fazeli Maryam , Bigdeli Shamloo Marzieh Beigom , Ashrafizadeh Hadis
Published: October 2022

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and mortality have been found to be directly associated with age, chronic diseases, and immune system deficiency. Therefore, older adults suffering from chronic diseases are at a higher risk of the serious complications of COVID-19 and receive less social support, compared to younger age groups, which usually results from complicated treatment regimens. Moreover, the increase in age is accompanied by changes in the quality of psychological well-being. Considering this group’s higher vulnerability, it is essential to identify the factors related to their psychological well-being, such as happiness and hope. Objectives: Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the relationships between happiness and hope with adherence to the treatment regimen among older adults with chronic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 216 older adults over 55 years of age who suffered from chronic diseases in comprehensive centers for the elderly. The data were collected using validated instruments, such as the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, and Herth Hope Index. Then, the data were entered into SPSS software (version 24) and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, dispersion indices, and regression. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 70.64 ± 10.56 years. The mean scores of adherence to treatment, hope, and happiness were 65.72 ± 7.1, 73.91 ± 29.3, and 47.74 ± 34.10, respectively. Based on the results, good adherence to treatment was observed in 128 (59.3%) participants. The results revealed no significant relationship between the mean scores of hope and adherence to the treatment regimen (b = 0.037, P = 0.222). However, a significant relationship was observed between the mean scores of happiness and adherence to the treatment regimen (b = 0.036, P = 0.001). Conclusions: Interventions aiming at increasing such patients’ happiness levels might be effective in their health-related behaviors, including adherence to treatment regimens, improvement of the disease process, and enhancement of quality of life.
The Effect of 12 Weeks of Theraband Resistance Training on IGF-1 and FGF-2 Levels and Their Relationships with Myokines on Bone Mineral Density of Osteosarcopenic Obese Women
Authors: Kazemipour Negin , Faramarzi Mohammad , Banitalebi Ebrahim
Published: October 2022

Background: Muscle-induced insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) are important factors for muscle growth and maintenance. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of Theraband resistance training on IGF-1 and FGF-2 levels and their relationships with myokines on bone mineral density (BMD) in older women with osteosarcopenic obesity. Methods: In this single-blind randomized clinical trial, 48 older women with osteosarcopenic obesity (mean age: 64.63 ± 3.68 years; fat percentage 45.4 ± 6.6%; BMI 33.1 ± 3.71 kg/m2; and T score of bone minerals density of femur and 1 - 4 lumbar spine -1.86 ± 1.42, based on the results of the DEXA test) were randomly divided into control (n = 22) and training (n = 26) groups. The training group performed 12 weeks of Theraband resistance training for all major muscle groups. Blood samples were collected 48 hours before and 12 weeks after the intervention. Results: After 12 weeks, a significant difference was observed in IGF-1 (P = 0.033) levels in the training group compared to the control group. Also, FGF-2 (P = 0.003) and IGF-1 (P = 0.013) levels increased significantly in the training group. However, there was no significant relationship between IGF-1 (P = 0.240) and FGF-2 (P = 0.806) levels and BMD. Conclusions: Theraband resistance training can be an appropriate training strategy to improve muscle mass in older adults with osteosarcopenic obesity by increasing IGF-1 and FGF-2 levels.
Not More than a Feeling
Authors: Reuter Kevin , Messerli Michael , Barlassina Luca ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2022

Affect-based theorists and life satisfaction theorists disagree about the nature of happiness, but agree about this methodological principle: a philosophical theory of happiness should be in line with the folk concept HAPPINESS. In this article, we present two empirical studies indicating that it is affect-based theories that get the folk concept HAPPINESS right: competent speakers judge a person to be happy if and only if that person is described as feeling pleasure/good most of the time. Our studies also show that the judgement that a person is feeling pleasure/good most of the time reliably brings about the judgement that they are satisfied with their life, even if that person is described as not satisfied. We suggest that this direct causal relation between the concepts POSITIVE AFFECT and LIFE SATISFACTION might explain why many philosophers have been attracted to life satisfaction theories.
Empati med nyhedsredaktøren
Authors: Mortensen Christian Hviid
Published: October 2022

Der opstår ofte et misforhold mellem vores opfattelse af journalistikkens samfundsrolle præget af idealistiske forestillinger og den faktiske journalistik, som vi møder i medierne.
Artiklen præsenterer resultater fra et eksperiment i undervisningen, hvor dette misforhold blev adresseret via et digitalt spil på et kursus for bachelor-studerende. Der er tale om aktionsforskning, der teoretisk benytter en spilbaseret læring tilgang. Metodisk baserer artiklen sig på et mixed-method undersøgelsesdesign med kvantitative data fra to surveys samt kvalitative observationer fra selve undervisningen. Analysen viser, at de fleste studerende vurderer spillet som en konstruktiv læringsaktivitet, der har øget deres forståelse for kommercielle og praksis aspekter af journalistik. Desuden giver spillet anledning til transformational play, hvor studerende gennem rolletagning og perspektivskifte kan opnå en mere empatisk forståelse af rollen som nyhedsredaktør. Artiklen argumenterer for, at det er indsatsen værd at designe læringsspil og slutter af med at fremdrage de væsentligste erfaringer af eksperimentet for andre undervisere, der vil eksperimentere med at designe spilbaseret læring.
Still Thriving: A Case Illustrating How COVID-19 Affected Indigenous Health and Wellness
Authors: Cranston Jerome , Whitford Rina
Published: October 2022

The myriad of social, financial, material health, and educational inequities that continue to plague Indigenous communities was exacerbated by COVID-19. In order to place on spotlight on them, this case follows Star, an Indigenous Student Success Coordinator, as she navigated the policies and practices couched in the rhetoric of supporting the success, health and wellness of students and families during a global pandemic. The case and teaching notes that follow illustrate the limitations that Westernized models of health and wellness create for Indigenous and non-Indigenous educators when it comes to maintaining their students’ and own well-being. As an alternative to the dominant Westernized models, the teaching notes offer a more holistic and integrated model of Indigenous health and wellness. The elements of the model situate health and wellness as encompassing all aspects of an individual’s life by connecting them relationally to their families and communities, nations, and the land.
ЗАКЛЕТВЕНА ИЗЈАВА ВОЈВОДЕ САНДАЉА ХРАНИЋА БАНИЦИ АНКИ
Authors: Порчић Небојша
Published: October 2022

Почетком 1410. непријатељства која су избила између босанских великаша војводе Хрвоја Вукчића Хрватинића и војводе Сандаља Хранића Косаче довела су у питање неколико година раније склопљену брачну везу између Сандаља и Хрвојеве братанице Катарине. Као одговор на то, Сандаљ је 4. марта 1410. у граду Новом издао документ у којем се заклео Катарининој мајци баници Анки да ће је поштовати као сопствену мајку, да је неће оставити, те да чак и у случају Катаринине смрти неће довести другу жену док год је Анка жива. Заклетва је могла да буде поништена једино ако би скуп „добрих људи“ из Босне, Хрватске, Венеције и Дубровника, утврдио да је Анка учинила нешто чиме се тешко огрешила о Сандаља. Сандаљева заклетвена изјава предата је на чување Дубровачкој општини, заједно са одговарајућом (у међувремену изгубљеном) изјавом банице Анке, о чему су дубровачке власти 13. марта 1410, у присуству Анкиног и Сандаљевог посланика Прибисава Похвалића, сачиниле потврду.
ПОСЛЕДЊА ДВА ПИСМА ДУБРОВАЧКЕ ОПШТИНЕ КНЕЗУ ГРГУРУ ВУКОСАЛИЋУ О УКИДАЊУ НЕЗАКОНИТЕ ЦАРИНЕ У ПОПОВУ
Authors: Крстић Александар
Published: October 2022

У раду се доносе критичка издања последња два, од четири сачувана, писма Дубровачке општине упућена кнезу Гргуру Вукосалићу поводом царине коју је увео на Заблатку у Попову поред Стона. Дубровачке власти су дуже од две године протестовале против поменуте царине код кнеза Гргура, тражећи да је укине, а жалиле су се и краљу Остоји, који им је тим поводом издао посебну повељу. Због тога, а притиснут и другим дубровачким мерама, кнез Гргур укинуо је спорну царину, о чему је 6. јула 1418. године издао повељу у Дубровнику. Као и претходни дубровачки дописи кнезу Гргуру, и писма од 5. јануара и 26. априла 1418. сачувана су у концепту у тзв. Русковој књизи (Lettere e commissioni di Levante 1) у Државном архиву у Дубровнику.
ISPITIVANJE PRECIZNOSTI OCENA PARAMETARA POPULACIJE PRIMENOM PROSTOG I STRATIFIKOVANOG SLUČAJNOG UZORKA
Authors: Budimir Nemanja
Published: October 2022

Da bi se istraživanja mogla sprovoditi veoma važno je da se izabere odgovarajući uzorak. Naime, važno je da se izabere uzorak koji će prikazivati osnovne karakteristike populacije. Izbor jednostavnog slučajnog uzorka predstavlja postupak ili plan izbora u kojem svaki uzorak veličine n ima istu verovatnoću izbora. Ovaj oblik izbora uzorka praktično se izvodi tako što se od ukupnog broja od N jedinica populacije koje se nalaze na spisku ili listi članova populacije u svakom koraku bira po jedan član u uzorku, ali svakom članu populacije daje se jednaka šansa da bude izabran u uzorak. S druge strane, formiranje stratifikovanog uzorka uobičajeno je pri uzimanju uzoraka iz veoma heterogenih populacija, odnosno populacija koje se prema nekom obeležju mogu podeliti na stratume, slojeve ili subpopulacije. Stratifikovani uzorak predstavlja jedan od najčešće upotrebljavanih planova uzorka. U ovom radu ispitivana je preciznost ocene prostog i stratifikovanog slučajnog uzorka na tržištu naučnih časopisa iz Bosne i Hercegovine, Hrvatske i Srbije. Kao obeležje odabran je SJR pokazatelj (Scimago Journal i Country Rank). SJR pokazatelj primenjuje se za procenu i analizu časopisa iz domena nauke Sprovedene analize pokazale su da bolje ocene daje stratifikovani uzorak, u odnosu na jednostavan slučajni uzorak. Iz ovoga sledi da stratifikovani uzorak ima manju varijansu i njegova sredina je bliža sredini osnovnog skupa. Može se zaključiti da ovaj uzorak ima manja odstupanja od parametara osnovnog skupa.
The 2021 Podiatric Residency Candidate and Program Virtual Interview Experience During COVID-19 with Multispecialty Reflections and Recommendations for a Successful Virtual Match
Authors: Lowell Danae L. , Claffey Susan K. , North Moraith G. , Sweet Kerry J. , Salvo Nichol L.
Published: October 2022

Background: The coronavirus disease of 2019 pandemic impacted all facets of health care in the United States, including the professional training for podiatry residents and students. In March of 2020, the Association of American Medical Colleges recommended pausing then modifying all clinical rotations. The podiatric community followed suit. In-person restrictions, cancellations of clerkships, limited clinical experiences, virtual didactic programs, and reduced surgical cases for students and residency programs occurred for many months during the ongoing pandemic. These adaptations impacted the ability of podiatric students to complete clinical rotations and clerkships, which are pivotal to their academic curriculum and residency program application and selection.

Methods: A survey was conducted by the Council of Teaching Hospitals (COTH) and sent out by the American Association of Colleges of Podiatric Medicine. The 2021 postinterview surveys were sent out to all participants in the 2021 Centralized Application Service for Podiatric Residencies Web application and match cycle, both programs and candidates.

Results: The COTH presents results and comments from the 2021 virtual interview experience and residency match. Data and anecdotal comments from the 2021 postinterview survey conducted by COTH, sent out by American Association of Colleges of Podiatric Medicine, are presented here.

Conclusions: Results from the surveys of program directors and candidates show a preference by both groups for in-person interviews despite the personal time demands and increased costs associated with travel.
The Political Lives of Information
Authors: Srinivasan Janaki
Published: October 2022

How the definition, production, and leveraging of information are shaped by caste, class, and gender, and the implications for development.

Information, says Janaki Srinivasan, has fundamentally reshaped development discourse and practice. In this study, she examines the history of the idea of “information” and its political implications for poverty alleviation. She presents three cases in India—the circulation of price information in a fish market in Kerala, government information in information kiosks operated by a nonprofit in Puducherry, and a political campaign demanding a right to information in Rajasthan—to explore three uses of information to support goals of social change. Countering claims that information is naturally and universally empowering, Srinivasan shows how the definition, production, and leveraging of information are shaped by caste, class, and gender.

Srinivasan draws on archival and ethnographic research to challenge the idea of information as objective and factual. Using the concept of an “information order,” she examines how the meaning and value of information reflect the social relations in which it is embedded. She asks why casting information as a tool of development and solution to poverty appeals to actors across the political spectrum. She also shows how the power to label some things information and others not is at least as significant as the capacity to subsequently produce, access, and leverage information. The more faith we place in what information can do, she cautions, the less attention we pay to its political lives and to the role of specific social structures, individual agency, and material form in the defining, production, and use of that information.