bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glyphosate as Growth Regulator for Bahiagrass and Broadleaf Carpetgrass
Authors: DIAS R.C. , DADAZIO T.S. , TROPALDI L. , CARBONARI C.A. , VELINI E.D.
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of glyphosate herbicide as growth regulator on two turfgrasses bahiagrass and broadleaf carpetgrass. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, using a completely randomized design, with 10 glyphosate rates (0, 5.625, 11.25, 22.5, 45, 90, 180, 360, 720, and 1.440 g a.e. ha-1) and four replicates. Bahiagrass and broadleaf carpetgrass plants were transplanted to 2 liter pots filled with a clayey soil. Phytotoxicity and green cover index (GCI) were evaluated through digital analysis; plant height at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after application (DAA); and dry biomass of cuttings at 28 DAA. The glyphosate rates of 5.625 to 22.5 g a.e. ha-1 (for bahiagrass) and up to 90 g a.e. ha-1 (for broadleaf carpetgrass) reduced the plant growth, without affecting the plant visual quality phytotoxicity, GCI, and dry biomass in the evaluated periods. Contrastingly, rates equal to and above 45 g a.e. ha-1 (for bahiagrass) and equal to and above 180 g a.e. ha-1 (for broadleaf carpetgrass) caused phytotoxic effects in all evaluated periods and affected negatively plant height, GCI, and dry biomass, denoting the sensitivity of these grass species to these glyphosate rates. The digital image analysis allowed the verification and quantification of the effects of the herbicides on turfgrasses.
Use of Sunflower and Soybean as Bioindicators to Detect Atrazine Residues in Soils
Authors: NOVAIS J. , MENDES K.F. , INOUE M.H. , MACIEL C.D.G. , HELVIG E.O. , STANIESKI C.M.
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT: Atrazine is selective for maize, sugarcane and sorghum and may interfere with successor crops such as sunflower and soybean. Despite this problem, there are few studies about the residual effect of this herbicide in these crops. Thus, the objective of the research was to evaluate the residual effect of atrazine through bioavailability of the herbicide in sandy and clayey soils, using soybean and sunflower as bioindicators. The design was completely randomized with four replications and a 2 × 7 + 1 factorial scheme, that is, two doses (2,000 and 2,500 g ha-1), seven application times (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days between application (DBA) of herbicide and bioindicator sowing) and one control without application. Dry mass and chlorophyll content of the bioindicators were evaluated at 20 days after sowing. The accumulation of dry mass of the bioindicators in the two types of soil was reduced at 90 DBA. The chlorophyll content at 0 DBA was zero for soybean and sunflower, due to the reduction of dry mass by approximately 100%. It was concluded that the residual effect of atrazine at a dose of 2,500 g ha-1 was higher in clayey soils due to the low bioavailability of the product in the soil solution. Therefore, it is recommended to sow sunflower and soybean in both soils after 90 DBA, because atrazine interferes with the chlorophyll content and percentage of dry mass reduction.
Can International Organisations Be Democratic? A Reassessment
Authors: Lopes Dawisson Belém , Casarões Guilherme
Published: December 2019

Abstract This article makes the case for viewing international organisations (IOs) as global polyarchies. Our argument is twofold: on a theoretical level, IOs often meet the criterion of philosophical coherence, as they are based on rules of membership and decision-making that are compatible with those found in democratic institutions. On a practical level, we believe the concerns of IOs about pluralism, inclusiveness and efficacy go far beyond rhetoric, and may decisively influence their activities as well as their outcomes. To this end, the first section explores Robert Dahl’s concept of polyarchy and applies this to global institutions. In the subsequent sections, we advance our empirical argument with the UN as a case study. We reach three main conclusions. The first is that, at the bureaucratic level, the UN Secretariat performs some typically democratic functions, such as multilateral representation and the constitution of international regimes, which turns it into an important channel for feasible democracy in international politics. Second, at the multilateral level, the UN General Assembly (UNGA) represents a specific kind of representative polyarchy by allowing the greatest possible number of countries to have an equal say in global affairs. And third, it also serves as a gateway for multilevelled international representation by including a diversity of non-state actors in what has been called the ‘Third United Nations.’
Private Standards in the WTO: A Multiple Streams Analysis of Resisting Forces in Multilateral Trade Negotiations
Authors: Tang Yi Shin , Lima Bruno Youssef Yunen Alves de
Published: December 2019

Abstract The international trade system has been facing a relative decrease in the relevance of tariffs in favour of non-tariff, regulatory requirements (technical, sanitary and phytosanitary standards). The proliferation of these measures, which essentially consist of rules on product labelling and on production processes and methods, may be explained by the growing influence of private agents, such as corporations and business associations. Although these players are willing to develop and enforce a competing regulatory framework such as this on a broader range of topics, this may also generate more fragmented trade rules at both geographic and substantive levels, thus leading to a significant resistance among governments to integrate private standards into the multilateral trade system. Therefore, a mounting debate emerges on the ways in which private standards have been stonewalled in the current negotiation processes of the World Trade Organization (WTO). By relying on Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Framework (MSF), we address this question with a particular focus on the current efforts and struggles within the WTO to incorporate private regulations into the international trade agenda.
From Third World Theory to Belt and Road Initiative: International Aid as a Chinese Foreign Policy Tool
Authors: Vieira Victor Carneiro Corrêa
Published: December 2019

Abstract In 1946, Mao Zedong began to elaborate his theory of the Third World from the perception that there would be an ‘intermediate zone’ of countries between the two superpowers. From there, he concluded that Africa, Latin America, and Asia, except for Japan, would compose the revolutionary forces capable of defeating imperialism, colonialism, and hegemonism. The start of international aid from the People’s Republic of China to developing countries dates back to the period immediately after the Bandung Conference of 1955, extending to the present. Through a bibliographical and documentary analysis, the article starts with the following research question: What role did domestic and international factors play in China’s foreign aid drivers over the years? To answer the question, the evolution of Chinese international assistance was studied from Mao to the Belt and Road Initiative, which is the complete expression of the country’s ‘quaternity’ model of co-operation, combining aid, trade, investment, and technical assistance.
Problematising the Ultimate Other of Modernity: the Crystallisation of Coloniality in International Politics
Authors: Blanco Ramon , Delgado Ana Carolina Teixeira
Published: December 2019

Abstract This article examines a key element of the power relations underpinning international politics, namely coloniality. It delineates the coloniality of international politics, and elucidates the fundamental aspects of its operationalisation on the one hand, and its crystallisation into international politics on the other. The article is structured into three sections. First, it explores the meaning of coloniality, and outlines its fundamental characteristics. Next, it delineates a crucial operative element of coloniality, the idea of race, and the double movement through which coloniality is rendered operational – the colonisation of time and space. Finally, the article analyses two structuring problematisations that were fundamental to the crystallisation of coloniality in international politics – the work of Francisco de Vitoria, and the Valladolid Debate. It argues that the way in which these problematisations framed the relationship between the European Self and the ultimate Other of Western modernity – the indigenous peoples in the Americas – crystallised the pervasive role of coloniality in international politics.
Inovação urbana e recursos humanos para gestão de cidades sustentáveis
Authors: Kniess Cláudia Terezinha , Aguiar Alexandre de Oliveira e , Conti Diego de Melo , Philippi Jr. Arlindo
Published: December 2019

resumo Este ensaio teórico, com base em literatura, reflexões, e práticas, tem como objetivo apresentar e discorrer sobre as principais contribuições resultantes do segundo seminário do Ciclo UrbanSus - Inovação, Sustentabilidade e Ação Sistêmica nas Cidades, em particular nos painéis sobre inovação urbana e capacitação de recursos humanos. O texto reforça a importância das abordagens multissetoriais, multiprofissionais e interdisciplinares para potencializar o uso de novas ideias, novas formas de gestão e novas tecnologias na direção da sustentabilidade urbana. Entre os principais desafios são destacados: a transferência de tecnologia e a educação computacional; a superação dos interesses econômicos de curto prazo, novos modelos para financiamento de soluções inteligentes; e para governança; métodos diagnósticos que aproveitem as massas de dados; e o fortalecimento das estratégias para difusão do conhecimento, incluindo o papel das universidades e dos cursos de pós-graduação.
“Graffiti é existência”: reflexões sobre uma forma de citadinidade
Authors: Leal Gabriela Pereira de Oliveira
Published: December 2019

Resumo A partir dos aprendizados de uma etnografia das práticas de graffiti de São Paulo, realizada nos anos de 2016 e 2017, este artigo propõe um deslocamento do olhar a respeito deste fazer, a fim de refletir sobre aquilo que lhe escapa à primeira vista, isto é, certas dinâmicas que estão para além dos muros da cidade. Busca-se, sob esta perspectiva, descrever e refletir sobre os efeitos que estas práticas produzem nos sujeitos que pintam na rua, especialmente no que diz respeito à formulação de suas identidades e à maneira com que se relacionam com o espaço urbano. Este entendimento permite evidenciar a elaboração de uma existência particular na cidade, informada pelas experiências de pintar na rua.
Barraqueiras e heroínas: escritos feministas nas ruas de Porto Alegre
Authors: Baldissera Marielen
Published: December 2019

Resumo Ao caminhar pelas ruas de Porto Alegre, nos deparamos com muitas mensagens voltadas às mulheres, falando sobre luta feminista, visibilidade lésbica, violência contra a mulher, empoderamento, entre outras. Essas palavras são pintadas, pichadas, coladas, estão nas paredes, muros, postes e prédios em um modo de fazer política que se mistura à arte urbana. Neste artigo, investigo sobre mulheres que utilizam o espaço urbano como uma tela para passar sua mensagem. Ao desviar da norma-padrão, em que o domínio do olhar e do espaço público é assumido como masculino, falo sobre a produção visual e artística de militância relacionada às questões de gênero e como isso se reflete na ocupação das ruas. A partir da observação e catalogação fotográfica das mensagens e de entrevistas com artistas, pesquiso sobre táticas do ativismo feminista relacionadas ao fazer artístico e à ocupação da cidade por corpos femininos.
Da impossibilidade de conter: intervenções urbanas e produção de subjetividade em Porto Alegre
Authors: Flach Guilherme Augusto , Paulon Simone Mainieri
Published: December 2019

Resumo Através da errância do pesquisador pela cidade de Porto Alegre, o artigo explora diferentes intervenções urbanas e seus efeitos nos processos de subjetivação. Passando pela implementação de containers de lixo a diferentes formas de arte que se fazem presentes na cidade, o pesquisador constrói uma narrativa acerca das forças que compõem a cidade a partir dos efeitos de tais intervenções no tecido urbano. Nessa cartografia, lixo e arte são chamados a responder a necessidades de assepsia, corresponder a padrões de beleza, ordenar corpos, gentrificar e revitalizar espaços ditos precários e interferir diretamente nos modos de se viver na cidade. Por outro lado, as intervenções também captam murmúrios e denúncias da cidade, criam desvios nos fluxos urbanos, oportunizando experiências coletivas. Propõem, assim, novas estilísticas de vida atravessadas pelos encontros da rua, pelos detalhes efêmeros, pela arte subversiva e por outros tempos e movimentos possíveis no caos que dá forma ao urbano.
Behavior of dairy heifers after increasing the amounts of milk replacer powder added to whole milk
Authors: Rufino Sâmara Raiany de Almeida , Azevedo Rafael Alves de , Furini Pamela Michéli , Campos Mariana Magalhães , Machado Fernanda Samarini , Pires Maria de Fátima Avila , Lima Juliana Aparecida Mello , Coelho Sandra Gesteira
Published: December 2019

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of increasing the contents of total solids (TS) in whole milk, by adding increasing amounts of milk replacer powder, on the behavior of dairy heifers. Holstein-Gyr crossbred heifers (n = 60) were distributed in four treatments: 13.5, 16.1, 18.2, and 20.4% TS. From 5 to 55 days of age, heifers received 6 L per day of liquid feed, which was reduced by half from 56 to 59 days. Heifers were weaned at 60 days of age and monitored until 90 days, and their behavior was evaluated weekly. During gradual weaning and after weaning, heifer behavior was recorded 1 hour before and 1 hour after liquid feed was offered, and, during weaning, it was evaluated by the scan method. Heifers fed liquid feed containing 20.4% TS present a higher number of play behaviors, spent less time standing, and spent more time ruminating than those that received liquid feed with 13.5% TS, indicating that a higher nutritional plan during weaning is an effective strategy to reduce stress in this period.
Práticas integrativas e complementares no Sistema Único de Saúde: desvelando potências e limites
Authors: Dalmolin Indiara Sartori , Heidemann Ivonete Teresinha Schülter Buss , Freitag Vera Lucia
Published: December 2019

RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender a percepção de profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família e do Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família quanto à utilização das práticas integrativas e complementares no Sistema Único de Saúde, desvelando potências e limites. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo participante, articulada com um referencial metodológico dialógico, realizada em Círculos de Cultura, com profissionais de um município do Sul do Brasil. O desvelamento foi realizado concomitantemente com a participação dos pesquisados. Resultados: Participaram 30 profissionais. Foram identificadas as potências das práticas integrativas e complementares para o fortalecimento do sistema de saúde como um modelo de atenção diferenciado, de abordagem integral, holística e empoderadora, todavia, a sobrecarga de trabalho e os diferentes tipos de resistências constituem limites para a sua consolidação. Conclusão: As práticas integrativas e complementares constituem uma forma de cuidado com potencial para a transformação dos indivíduos, famílias, comunidades, profissionais e serviços de saúde, logo, são recursos importantes para o fortalecimento do Sistema Único de Saúde.
Associação dos fatores de estresse e sintomas depressivos com o desempenho acadêmico de estudantes de enfermagem
Authors: Fonseca Jose Ricardo Ferreira da , Calache Ana Lucia Siqueira Costa , Santos Maiara Rodrigues dos , Silva Rodrigo Marques da , Moretto Simone Alvarez
Published: December 2019

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a associação dos fatores de estresse e da sintomatologia depressiva com o desempenho acadêmico de estudantes de enfermagem. Método: Pesquisa observacional, transversal, quantitativa, realizada em uma universidade pública em Manaus. Utilizou-se de dados sociodemográficos para a caracterização dos estudantes, do coeficiente de rendimento escolar e rendimento semestral individual, da Escala de Avaliação de Estresse em Estudantes de Enfermagem e da Escala de rastreamento de sintomatologia depressiva. Para a análise, foi utilizado o Coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, teste de ANOVA e a regressão linear múltipla. Resultados: Participaram 155 estudantes de enfermagem. Os fatores de estresse na realização das atividades práticas, comunicação profissional e formação profissional tiveram uma correlação positiva com rendimento semestral individual, enquanto o fator depressão, interpessoal, somática e iniciativa tiveram correlação negativa. Conclusão: O presente estudo identificou aspectos positivos dos fatores de estresse para um melhor desempenho acadêmico, todavia, a presença de sintomas depressivos implicou menor desempenho acadêmico.
Revisão realista como metodologia para utilização de evidências em políticas de saúde: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Yonekura Tatiana , Quintans Jeane Roza , Soares Cassia Baldini , Negri Filho Armando Antonio De
Published: December 2019

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar e analisar os conceitos de revisão realista e a metodologia recomendada para seu desenvolvimento na área da saúde. Método: Revisão integrativa que, por meio de 11 fontes de dados, buscou estudos teórico-metodológicos, qualitativos ou quantitativos, os quais analisaram ou propuseram teorias e/ou metodologia de revisão realista. Resultados: Foram incluídos 23 estudos, publicados majoritariamente no Reino Unido. A revisão realista visa explicar o que faz com que uma política, programa ou intervenção complexa funcione, em quais aspectos, para quem, em qual contexto, em que extensão e por que, por meio da construção de teoria, descompactando os mecanismos de funcionamento e contextos de políticas ou programas complexos que geram resultados. Tal metodologia conta com o envolvimento dos interessados no problema desde os estágios iniciais do processo de revisão. Conclusão: A revisão realista tem a potencialidade de fornecer subsídios relevantes e aplicáveis para pesquisadores, trabalhadores, formuladores de políticas e tomadores de decisão em saúde.
Efectividad de un programa de formación online en una unidad de enfermería: extracción de hemocultivos
Authors: Zaragoza-García Ignacio , Pérez-García Santiago , Orellana-Miguel María de los Ángeles , Posé-Becerra Clotilde , Goñi-Olangua María Andión
Published: December 2019

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia de una plataforma formativa en línea de procedimientos en una planta de medicina interna para disminuir los hemocultivos contaminados. Método: Estudio cuasi-experimental con grupos paralelos. La muestra la componen enfermeras de medicina interna de un hospital terciario, con las que se lleva a cabo un programa de formación en línea en relación a la técnica extracción de hemocultivos. Se evalúan conocimientos pre y post intervención sobre la técnica. Además, se estudian los resultados de los hemocultivos 6 meses antes y 3 después de la intervención, analizando los contaminados. Resultados: Participan un total de 48 enfermeras. El conocimiento de la técnica antes de la intervención es homogéneo en ambos grupos, mejorando significativamente con la formación en línea (p=0.0001). El análisis de hemocultivos extraídos previos a la formación muestran niveles de contaminación por encima del estándar internacional, disminuyendo en el grupo intervención hasta el 3% después del programa de aprendizaje. Conclusión: La intervención educativa mediante una plataforma digital se muestra válida para la adquisición de conocimientos y su translación a la práctica clínica.
Integralidade do cuidado-permanência na nefrologia: concepções de enfermeiros
Authors: Santos Bruna Tavares Uchoa dos , Araújo Sílvia Teresa Carvalho de , Torres Danelia Gomez , Bastos Soraia do Socorro Furtado , Azevedo Albert Lengruber de , Neves Keila do Carmo
Published: December 2019

RESUMO Objetivo: Discutir como se dá a integralidade do cuidado-permanência à pessoa em tratamento na nefrologia. Método: Estudo qualitativo, exploratório e descritivo, ancorado na Sociopoética, realizado no primeiro semestre de 2018, no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, com enfermeiros de serviços de nefrologia. Os dados foram produzidos após a aplicação da técnica criativa com desenhos e colagens e da enunciação gravada sobre os significados e significantes de cuidado-permanência. A análise foi realizada com base nos princípios da Sociopoética, a partir das concepções filosóficas dos grupos pesquisadores. Resultados: Participaram 15 enfermeiros, com experiência em serviços de nefrologia. Quatro eixos conceituais foram compartilhados e referem-se a: cuidado integral; cuidado complexo; cuidado contínuo; e cuidado inclusivo, que considera, além do paciente, sua família, equipe, sociedade e seu contexto. Conclusão: A reflexão filosófica sobre o cuidado ao Ser humano implica considerar as dimensões do físico, emocional, individual, mas também suas revoluções micro e macromoleculares do existir como ser social. A natureza do conhecimento a partir da produção lúdica permitiu reflexão e consciência, o tempo todo e a todo o tempo, sobre a integralidade do cuidado por enfermeiros na nefrologia.
Briefing: Professor Vincent Nadin's decade of spatial planning and strategy at TU Delft
Authors: Rooij Remon Michel , Rocco Roberto , Bracken Gregory
Published: December 2019

Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) is the leading institution in the Netherlands for research and education in urbanism. Planning, design and technology traditionally form the key pillars of ‘Dutch urbanism’. The year 2008 marked the beginning of a new section with a new professor at the TU Delft Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment: the section of Spatial Planning & Strategy (SPS). With the farewell to SPS professor Vincent Nadin in 2019, a huge source of expertise and inspiration for urbanism has left Delft's academic community. Under Vincent's leadership, SPS has strengthened its position and become a centre of excellence on (a) international and European territorial governance and policy-making, including their potential for democracy building, (b) regional design and planning, (c) contemporary methods of spatial planning, spatial planning instruments and spatial planning systems and cultures and (d) territorial evidence and impact assessment.
Integrating Copyright in the Curriculum: A Study of LIS Courses of Central Universities of India
Authors: Thapa Neelam
Published: December 2019

This research aims to study the library and information science (LIS) curriculum presently followed in the central universities of India to identify the ways in which it incorporates copyright information. The central universities offering LIS programs were identified and the curricula and syllabi of these LIS programs were downloaded from the universities’ official websites. A detailed content analysis of the curricula and syllabi shows that there is no uniformity in the names of the courses taught and the course content in LIS programs of different universities. However, copyright has been included in the curriculum as part of a course in most of the universities. Based on the analysis suggestions have been made for the inclusion of copyright concepts in the curricula of LIS programs.
Cracking the Copyright Dilemma in Software Preservation
Authors: Butler Brandon , Aufderheide Patricia , Jaszi Peter , Cox Krista
Published: December 2019

Copyright problems may inhibit the crucially important work of preserving legacy software. Such software is worthy of study in its own right because it is critical to accessing digital culture and expression. Preservation work is essential for communicating across boundaries of the past and present in a digital era. Software preservationists in the United States have addressed their copyright problems by developing a code of best practices in employing fair use. Their work is an example of how collective action by users of law changes the norms and beliefs about law, which can in turn change the law itself insofar as the law takes account of community norms and practices. The work of creating the code involved facilitators who are communication, information sciences, and legal scholars and practitioners. Thus, the creation of the code is also an example of crossing the boundaries between technology and policy research.
Checking Rights
Authors: Baker Stewart , Kunda Sue
Published: December 2019

Institutional repository (IR) managers often find themselves providing copyright guidance to faculty who wish to self-archive their published scholarship or to students depositing theses and dissertations. As IR managers may not be copyright experts themselves, making determinations and checking rights can be difficult and time-consuming. This article is intended as a practical guide to describe common types of material that can be placed in an IR as well as potential copyright issues and other considerations for each type. Material types covered include book chapters, journal articles, conference proceedings, student papers, electronic theses and dissertations, research data sets, historical and archival materials, and oral histories. Underlying issues such as copyright ownership, work made for hire, and the legal definition of publication are also discussed. For easier reference, the appendix contains a chart with brief descriptions of issues and resources.
Social and Psychological Factors of Political Participation according to Recent European Social Survey Data
Authors: Bozogáňová Miroslava , Výrost Jozef
Published: December 2019

While people have an influence on current political decisions, and as ordinary citizens represent the basis for political participation, depicting such political engagement in an empirical/practical way creates a concerning amount of methodological questions. Data obtained via the European Social Survey Round 1–7 offers the opportunity to outline and broaden the picture in terms of the personal (demographic and psychological) features of individuals who participate in politics to a greater or lesser degree. Participants from the seven rounds of the European Social Survey (ESS) were divided into three groups: higher, medium, and lower political participation (α = 0.642). A Scale of Political Participation was created based on ‘yes’ answers. It was found that those individuals who were female or had a lower level of education participated less, while older people were more politically participative than younger people. The psychological profile of these groups differs in terms of preferred values: attitudes, satisfaction, trust in people, and institutions.
The Politics of Manufactured Crisis
Authors: Sebők Miklós
Published: December 2019

It is a widely used assumption in the literature on political decision-making that leaders ‘choose their battles’ according to their interests. This strategic approach often results in seemingly ‘fake crises’; crises which are – as opposed to natural disasters – not exogenous in nature. These crises are exceptional in that they are avoidable and are the product of political entrepreneurs following deliberate agendas. In this paper, the logic of crisis manufacturing is illustrated by a case study of the ‘fiscal wars’ of 2011–2013. The case study shows how, given the right institutional environment, political entrepreneurs, even those outside the political mainstream, can use crisis manufacturing to their advantage. In order to exploit the institutional veto points related to fiscal policy in the U.S. constitutional system, various actors associated with the Republican Party and the Tea Party movement used a networked, coalition-based approach to reach these goals. Although their quest to instill a regime of fiscal conservatism was eventually unsuccessful, they did manage to raise their national profile and set the policy agenda for an extended period.
Loop L1 (odd level) BsaI type IIS cloning into pCk vectors v1
Authors: Frangedakis Eftychis , Sauret-Gueto Susana , West Anthony , Patron Nicola , Tomaselli Marta , Rebmann Marius , Haseloff Jim
Published: December 2019

Protocol based on: Pollak B, Cerda A, Delmans M, et al (2019) Loop assembly: a simple and open system for recursive fabrication of DNA circuits. New Phytol 222:628–640 https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15625
ELISA IL-10 v1
Authors: Silva Tamiris
Published: December 2019

To evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on IL-10 expression in individuals with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, a clinical trial was performed. Participants were randomized and then collected 10 mL of peripheral blood. IL-10 was analyzed by BioLegend ELISA Standard MAX ™ kit. This is an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A human IL-10 specific mouse monoclonal antibody is first coated in a 96-well plate. Standards and samples are added to the wells and IL-10 binds to the immobilized capture antibody. Then, a biotinylated mouse monoclonal IL-10 detection monoclonal antibody is added, producing an "antibody-antigen-antibody sandwich". Horseradish perididase avidin is then added, followed by TMB Substrate Solution, producing a blue color in proportion to the concentration of IL-10 present in the sample. Finally, the Stop Solution alters the reaction color from blue to yellow, and the microwell absorbance is read at 450 nm with a microplate reader.
Sayısal Ayak İzi Ders Tasarımının Öğrencilerin Sayısal Vatandaşlık Konusundaki Akademik Başarılarına Etkisi
Authors: KUH KARYELİ Gizem , DAĞHAN Gökhan
Published: December 2019

Bu
araştırmada önemi günden güne artan, Bilişim Teknolojileri ve Yazılım dersi
öğretim programlarına da eklenen ve internet ortamında yapılan her türlü
faaliyeti kapsayan sayısal ayak izi konulu bir ders tasarlanmıştır.
Araştırmanın amacı sayısal ayak izi konulu ders tasarımının öğrencilerin
sayısal vatandaşlık konusundaki akademik başarılarına etkisini incelemektir.
Çalışma grubu 2016-2017 Eğitim-Öğretim yılında özel bir ortaokulun 5. ve 6.
sınıflarında öğrenim gören 49 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Tasarlanan sayısal ayak
izi konulu dersin uygulaması Bilişim Teknolojileri ve Yazılım dersi kapsamında
ilk hafta ön test, 7 hafta ders anlatımı ve son hafta son test olmak üzere
toplam 9 hafta sürmüştür. Uygulama öncesi ve sonrası bir farklılık olup
olmadığını test etmek amacıyla öğrencilerin ön test ve son test puanları
ilişkili örneklemler t testi ile sınanmıştır. Yapılan analizin etki büyüklüğünü
incelemek için ise Cohen's d değeri hesaplanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda ön
test ve son test puanları arasında anlamlı bir fark olduğu ve son test
puanlarının ön test puanlarına göre çok geniş etkili bir artış gösterdiği
görülmüştür. Bu sonuçlara göre, sayısal ayak izi ders tasarımının öğrencilerin
sayısal vatandaşlık konusundaki akademik başarılarına olumlu yönde bir
etkisinin olduğu ve bu etkinin anlamlı olduğu söylenebilir. Elde edilen
bulgular ve sonuçlar ışığında araştırmaya ve uygulamaya yönelik birtakım
önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
THE PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF microRNA AS DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC MELANOMA BIOMARKERS
Authors: Chulkova S. V. , Ryabchikov D. A. , Dudina I. A. , Kazakov A. M. , Egorova A. V. , Titov K. S. , Khagazheeva M. N. , Gladilina I. A. , Galaeva Z. M. , Lepkova N. V. , Tupitsyn N. N.
Published: December 2019

Despite recent advances in targeted and immune therapy, 5‑year overall survival in stages III–IV of melanoma is 50 and 10–20 %, respectively. Modern melanoma biomarkers, which are used in clinical practice, are not sufficiently effective for early diagnosis and prognosis assessment. In the last decade, circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have come to be regarded as “ideal” melanoma biomarkers. This article presents the characteristics of miRNA biogenesis, as well as provides a critical review of circulating miRNAs as promising diagnostic and prognostic melanoma biomarkers.
EVALUATION OF THE ANTITUMOR EFFICACY OF SYNTHETIC NEOANTIGEN PEPTIDES FOR THE MELANOMA VACCINE MODEL
Authors: Baryshnikova M. A. , Rudakova A. A. , Sokolova Z. A. , Burova O. S. , Kosobokova E. N. , Kosorukov V. S.
Published: December 2019

Introduction. Personalized vaccine therapy that stimulates immune system to recognize mutant tumor neoantigens is one of the promising approaches of cancer treatment.

Objective. Evaluation of immunogenicity and antitumor efficacy of synthetic neoantigen peptides and poly(I:C) adjuvant against murine melanoma B16F10.

Materials and methods. 43 synthetic mutant neoantigen peptides selected earlier according to the bioinformatics analysis of the results of melanoma B16F10 sequencing were investigated. The study was performed in mice C57Bl / 6J with subcutaneously transplanted melanoma B16F10 after double vaccination by peptide groups with or without adjuvant poly(I:C). Immunogenicity of peptides was evaluated by ELISPOT that detected the number of interferon-gamma producing cells. Antitumor activity was evaluated on the base of tumor growth inhibition and the increase of the survival rate.

Results. The number of interferon-gamma producing cells increased after in vitro stimulation by the peptides of the model vaccine in the group of mice which had been vaccinated by these peptides with the adjuvant. The number of interferon-gamma producing cells in vitro did not change after addition of vaccine peptides or any other peptides in the groups of mice that had been vaccinated by the peptides without the adjuvant as compared to the control group. Double vaccination by the peptides with the adjuvant induced a potent antitumor effect in some cases, three of the eight groups of the peptides with the adjuvant induced significant inhibition of tumor growth and the increase of survival rate in mice.

Conclusion. Thereby, it was shown that vaccination of mice by peptides in combination with adjuvant poly(I:C) stimulated the cell immunity response, however, the increase of the number of interferon-gamma producing cells is not an indicator of the antitumor efficacy of neoantigen peptides.
INCREASE IN NKT CELLS – A MARKER OF EARLY PROGRESSING AT ADJUVANTVACCINOTHERAPY OF PATIENTS WITH A METASTATIC MELANOMA OF SKIN
Authors: Borunova A. A. , Chkadua G. Z. , Zabotina T. N. , Kadagidze Z. G. , Korotkova O. V. , Chertkova A. I. , Tabakov D. V. , Zakharova E. N. , Shoua E. K. , Petenko N. N. , Demidov L. V. , Mikhailova I. N.
Published: December 2019

Introduction. Natural killer T lymphocytes (NKT) take place between the innate and acquired immune response. The ability of these cells to activate the antitumor immune response and inhibit immunological activity makes them the target of research in cancer patients. The radicality of surgical treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma (stage III–IV) is relatively conventional. In this regard, the possibility of adjuvant effective therapy of melanoma is actively investigated worldwide.

The aim of the study is investigation of the importance of increasing the number of NKT cells in the peripheral blood of patients with metastatic melanoma after radical surgical removal of the tumor. Patients were treated with adjuvant regimen antitumor autologous dendritic cell therapy in form of vaccination.

Materials and methods. The study included 39 patients with stage III and IV metastatic melanoma with regional and / or distant metastases after radical surgery. From the peripheral blood monocytes of each patient, an autologous vaccine was created from mature dendritic cells loaded with tumor lysate. The therapy continued until objective progression. The study included patients who received from 5 to 120 injections. The follow-up period ranged from 5 to 168 months.

Results. It was shown that 14 (36 %) of patients had the number of NKT cells exceeding the norm (0–10 %) and in the course of vaccine therapy they had the progression of the disease in the period up to 2 years. In patients with relapse-free course of the disease in vaccine therapy (n = 13), the number of NKT lymphocytes did not exceed the norm both before and during therapy. Significantly shorter time to progression was revealed in patients with high initial content of NKT lymphocytes compared with patients with normal indices of NKT cells (6.5 months) – 95 % confidence limit 2,4–10,7 % vs 96,2 months (95 % confidence limit 63.8–128.6 %). 

Conclusion. An increased number of NKT cells in patients with stage III–IV metastatic melanoma after radical surgical treatment is a marker of early progression.
Immigration policy and the problem of renewal of multiculturalism practices in modern Canada
Authors: Fisanov Vоlоdymyr
Published: December 2019

The goal of the article is to analyze certain aspects of Canada’s immigration policy in the context of contemporary realities, considering the concept of multiculturalism. In the paper, there are outlined the main stages of Canadian immigration policy and its impact on the politics of multiculturalism. The author emphasizes that the policy of multiculturalism, proclaimed by the Government of Canada in its modern interpretation in the late 1980s, has transformed in the first decades of the 21st century. It was caused by such factors as the rise of terrorist attacks, illegal migration and the widening of migration from South-East Asia. It was shown that Canadian immigration policy evolved to more open and liberal since the end of World War II, but at the beginning of the 21st century, the situation radically changed. This trend was especially noticeable during the activities of the conservative governments of S. Harper (2006-2015). Conservative government policy was marked by the introduction of restrictive immigration laws and the extension of bureaucratic procedures. In particular, some provisions of the «Strengthening Canadian Citizenship Act» of June 19, 2014, were analyzed. It was emphasized that this legal action had been crushed by the Bar Association of Canada, as well as in the Open Letter of 60 well-known scholars and community members to the Prime Minister of Canada. Another trend of last developments in Canadian multicultural society was influenced by American negative attitudes towards Muslims.

Today, the Government of Canada must review and substantially add a policy of multiculturalism. However, it should not become a hostage to the political struggle between liberals and conservatives in the contemporary difficult realities. The escalation of feelings of danger and intolerance, based on the dialectical thе «еnemy-friend» opposition, no longer works in a society. But people are looking for effective democratic dialogue in order to normalize relationships in the multicolored society of the early 21st century.
GPU Accelerated Intuitionistic Fuzzy and Otsu Algorithms for Foreign Leaf Detection in Cotton
Authors: YALÇIN Eyüp , GÜNEŞ Mahit
Published: December 2019

The foreign
substances, arising during the production and shaping of wool and cotton raw
materials that are used in textile and cotton gin factories or coming from the
outside, decrease considerably the quality of the obtained fabric or yarn.
Nowadays, a different methods are used to separate foreign substances in the
textile sector, most of these methods are not efficient in terms of speed and
quality. Computerized vision systems play a vital role in the field of textiles
as in other fields. In this study, Intuitionistic Fuzzy Algorithm is used to
define the foreign substances in the images that obtained from a camera. CPU
(Central Processing Unit) based applications have speed problems due to the
structure of the algorithm. For this reason, GPU (Graphics Processing Unit)
technology was used to overcome the speed problem. The otsu algorithm generates
a dynamic threshold from the numerical values of the image obtained using the
Intuitionistic fuzzy algorithm. By this means, the threshold value of each
frame obtained from the camera was calculated on real time and implemented on
the image timely. These algorithms were accelerated maximum 262 times using
NVIDIA GTX 480 GPU supported display card.
Эмоциональный интеллект и коммуникативные способности современных студентов
Authors: Полянский Андрей Иванович , Быковская Любовь Игоревна
Published: December 2019

В работе дается теоретический обзор ключевых понятий («эмоциональный интеллект», «коммуникативные способности личности» и «организаторские способности личности»), приведены основные подходы и направления изучения перечисленных понятий. Также статья содержит краткое описание результатов эмпирического исследования рассматриваемых психологических явлений у студентов российских вузов. Публикуются программа эмпирического исследования, первичные данные психодиагностики респондентов и результаты статистической обработки данных. Представлены выводы по полученным результатам, краткая характеристика их практической значимости и дальнейшие перспективы исследования по данной теме.
Introduce CRS Standards for the Automatic Exchange of Tax Information into International Practice and Improve the Legal Regime on Controlled Foreign Companies
Authors: Jilkine V A
Published: December 2019

Countering crime in taxation area is one of the crucial tasks since this type of offence encroaches upon the economic principles and the power of the state, promotes development of corruption ties and therefore is deemed to be among the most dangerous perils to the national financial security. The Tax Policy Centre of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development has launched a system, within the framework of the Automatic Exchange Portal, for disclosure of schemes aimed at circumventing the single standard (CRS) for automatic exchange of information on taxpayers’ accounts. The law on the place of residence (location) is applicable in terms of international private law pertaining to OECD information exchange rules. The legislation on controlled foreign companies proved to be the legislators’ response, in most of the developed countries, to minimization of taxation in offshore zones, having the purpose to prevent tax evasion through offshore companies established in jurisdictions with minimal taxation. On 27.12.2017, within the framework of the course for counteracting offshore structures and obtaining unreasonable tax benefits, certain amendments were introduced in Federal Law No. 376-ФЗ, with specification of conditions for classifying a foreign company as a controlled foreign company; setting the criteria for recognizing individuals and organizations to be controlling entities; introducing a procedure for taxation and exemption of controlled foreign company’s profit from taxation. In this regard, it is necessary to draft a number of laws aimed at development of mechanisms for return of capital to the Russian jurisdiction and regulation of legal norms intending to release business representatives from paying the 13-percent tax in the event of termination of their business abroad.
Problems of the Financialand Legal Nature of Funds of Organizations
Authors: Zhestkov I A , Glanskaya E G
Published: December 2019

The object of science of the financial right is understood as the public relations arising in the course of activities for systematic education (formation), distribution and use of the public, municipal and other public foundations for realization of problems of public character. At the same time the problem of publicity or not publicity of the legal nature of some funds remains not resolved neither in science of the financial right, nor in the legislation of the Russian Federation that does nоt give the chance precisely to define limits of an object of science of the financial right. The obligation of formation and also the sizes which purposes and an order of use are provided by imperatively federal normative legal acts is about funds of funds of the private organizations. In particular, it is possible to carry indemnification funds of self-regulatory organizations, obligatory reserves of credit institutions, reserve funds of joint-stock companies, reserve fund of Association of Tour Operators to such funds in the sphere of outbound tourism, an indemnification fund of professional association of insurers on obligatory insurance by the citizen of responsibility of carrier for infliction of harm of life, etc. In article questions of the legal nature of separate funds of the organizations, including specifics and financial and legal features of their formation and use, relevant for financial and legal science, are considered. Provisions of the legislation of the Russian Federation and also a position of the leading erudite jurists of rather public or non-public legal nature of funds are analyzed. The attention is especially focused that funds have special-purpose character, are formed and used in public interests by the organizations equipped with public functions.
EFFECT OF THE SYNTHESIS TEMPERATURE OF POLYCARBOXYLATE-BASED SUPERPLASTICIZER ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE
Authors: CETINKAYA GÜRER Sevil
Published: December 2019

Good
quality Polycarboxylate superplasticizers (PCEs) production is increasingly
important due to development of the construction industry in the world.  In this study, modified PCEs were synthesized
via free-radical polymerization of   Translated
Polyethylene Glycol (TPEG), Thioglycolic Acid (TGA) and Acrylic Acid (AA), in
the presence of initiator and chain transfer agent according to molecular
structure design principle in different initiatory temperatures (40 and 60 oC).
The effects of PCEs synthesized at different temperatures on the concrete such
as water cutting, workability and compressive strength of 7 and 28 days’ have
been examined.  Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used for structural characterization.
High performance radar images modelling and recognition of real objects
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Moskovskoe Shosse 34А, Samara, Russia, 443086, Zherdev Denis ,   Image Processing Systems Institute of RAS - Branch of the FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS, Molodogvardejskaya street 151, Samara, Russia, 443001, Prokudin Vladimir ,   Samara National Research University, Moskovskoe Shosse 34А, Samara, Russia, 443086
Published: December 2019

In the work there is a modernization of the parallel algorithm for the radar images formation of 3D models with the synthesis of the antenna aperture. In the formation of the scene description, the various structures are used in which it is possible to use more efficient and derived calculations. In addition, it is the topical task to recognize objects on radar images. Thus, on the basis of the implemented parallel program for modelling, the high performance required for simulating multiple radar images can be achieved.
CEA-negative glioblastoma and melanoma cells are sensitive to cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine therapy directed by the carcinoembryonic antigen promoter.
Authors: Dabrowska Anna , Szary Jarosław , Kowalczuk Małgorzata , Szala Stanisław , Ugorski Maciej
Published: December 2019

Recent studies have suggested that carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-promoter sequences are active only in CEA-positive cells, filing in the criteria for tumor specific targeting of suicide genes. However, the present study on gene therapy of colon cancer and cell-specificity of CEA promoter, provide evidence that CEA-positive and CEA-negative cells transfected with E. coli cytosine deaminase (CD) gene under the control of CEA promotor sequence are sensitive to enzyme/pro-drug therapy with 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC). Individual clones derived from the CEA-negative cell lines: melanoma Hs294T and glioblastoma T98G after transfection with CD differed profoundly in their sensitivity to 5-FC. The IC50 values for several clones of the CEA-negative cells were almost the same as for CEA-positive colon cancer cells. Such 5-FC-sensitive clones derived from the population of CEA-negative cells, present even in small number, because of the very effective bystender effect of this enzyme/pro-drug system can cause severe problems during therapy by efficiently killing surrounding normal cells. Safety is the major issue in gene therapy. Our data suggest that the safety of gene-directed enzyme pro-drug therapy (GDEPT) with CEA promoter driven expression of therapeutic genes is not so obvious as it has originally been claimed.