bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding and Analysing the Urban Heat Island (UHI) Effect in Micro-Scale
Authors: Soltani Ali , Sharifi Ehsan
Published: January 2019

The shortage of vegetation cover alongside urban structures and land hardscape in cities causes an artificial temperature increase in urban environments known as the urban heat island (UHI) effect. The artificial heat stress in cities has a particular threat for usability and health-safety of outdoor living in public space. Australia may face a likely 3.8°C increase in surface temperature by 2090. Such an increase in temperature will have a severe impact on regional and local climate systems, natural ecosystems, and human life in cities. This paper aims to determine the patterns of the UHI effect in micro-scale of Adelaide metropolitan area, South Australia. The urban near-surface temperature profile of Adelaide was measured along a linear east-west cross-section of the metropolitan area via mobile traverse method between 26 July 2013 and 15 August 2013. Results indicate that the while the maximum UHI effect occurs at midnight in the central business district (CBD) area in Adelaide, the afternoon urban warmth has more temperature variations (point-to-point variation), especially during the late afternoon when local air temperature is normally in its peak. Thus, critical measurement of heat-health consequences of the UHI effect need to be focused on the afternoon heat stress conditions in UHIs rather than the commonly known night time phenomenon. This mobile traverse urban heat study of Adelaide supports the hypothesis that the UHI effect varies in the built environment during daily cycles and within short distances. Classical UHI measurements are commonly performed during the night – when the urban-rural temperature differences are at their maximum. Thus, they fall short in addressing the issue of excess heat stress on human participants. However, having thermally comfortable urban microclimates is a fundamental characteristic of healthy and vibrant public spaces. Therefore, urban planning professionals and decision makers are required to consider diurnal heat stress alongside nocturnal urban heat islands in planning healthy cities. The results of this article show that the diurnal heat stress varies in the built environment during daily cycles and within short distances. This study confirms that the maximum urban heat stress occurs during late afternoon when both overall temperature and daily urban warmth are at their peak. Literature indicates that diurnal heat stress peaks in hard-landscapes urban settings while it may decrease in urban parklands and near water bodies. Therefore, urban greenery and surface water can assist achieving more liveable and healthy urban environments (generalisation requires further research). A better understanding of daily urban warmth variations in cities assists urban policy making and public life management in the context of climate change.
Advanced chondrosarcoma of the pelvis: A rare case of urinary obstruction
Authors: Olivieri Valerio , Fortunati Valentina , Annoscia Scipio , Massarelli Massimo , Bellei Luca , Ollino Massimo , Manzi Emy , Maurizi Angela , De Luca Francesco
Published: January 2019

Chondrosarcoma is the second most common malignant tumor of the bone with an incidence of 1 in 200.000 per year. Axial skeleton is frequently involved showing poorer oncological outcomes than appendicular one: human pelvis is a site predilection. It is rarely associated to urinary obstruction but according to its localization, it can be frequently linked to compression of pelvic organs as bladder, prostate or bowel. We describe the case of a 52 years old caucasian male with history of advanced pelvic chondrosarcoma and severe hydronephrosis due to total bladder dislocation.
Sertoli Cells - Methods and Protocols
Authors: Redi CarloAlberto
Published: January 2019

The mammalian somatic cell providing the physiological milieu to germ cells growth and differentiation is the Sertoli cell, named after the Italian physiologist Enrico Sertoli. Sertoli described for the first time this functionally multitasking cell in 1865 (when he was 23 years-old!) in human testicular tissues while ending up his medicine studies at the University of Pavia...
Peripheral axotomy-induced changes of motor function and histological structure of spinal anterior horn
Authors: Raoofi Amir , Abdollahifar Mohammad Amin , Aliaghaei Abbas , Piryaei Abbas , Hejazi Fatemeh , Sajadi Ensieh , Rashidiani-Rashidabadi Ali , Sadeghi Yousef
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate changes of both peripheral motor function and histology of spinal anterior horn in adult rats after unilateral sciatectomy. Ten adult healthy rats served as control group, while in the ten rat experimental group the right sciatic nerve was severed. We followed-up nerve motor function using a sciatic function index and electromyography activity of the gastrocnemious muscle. The rats of the experimental group presented the expected gross locomotor deficit and leg muscle atrophy. At 12 weeks post sciatectomy, L4 and L5 spinal cord segments were removed from the twenty rats and were analysed by istological stereological methods. In the axotomized animals volume of the anterior horn and its content of motor neurons decreased, while the content of astrocytes increased (p < 0.05). Thus, in adult rats, beside the obvious peripheral nerve disfuction, the sciatic nerve axotomy have severe consequences on the soma of the injured motor neurons in the spinal anterior horn. All these quantitative analyses may be usefull to quantify changes occurring in adult animals after axotomy and eventual management to modify the final outcomes in peripheral nerve disorders.
A case of crossed cerebellar diaschisis on follow-up positron emission tomography/computed tomography with (18F) fluoro-D-glucose after treatment for glioblastoma
Authors: Priftakis Dimitrios , Rondogianni Phivi , Datseris Ioannis
Published: January 2019

Crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) represents the reduction of blood flow, metabolism, and oxygen consumption in the cerebellar hemisphere contralateral to a cerebral focal lesion. This phenomenon is the result of remote metabolic effects of cerebral lesions and it has been described since the first attempts for functional imaging of the brain, almost 40 years ago. Nevertheless, its clinical significance remains uncertain and new ways to use imaging of CCD for prognosis or assessment of novel therapies are being investigated. In this report, we present treatment for glioblastoma as a cause of CCD imaged on positron emission tomography/computed tomography with (18F) fluoro-D-glucose in our department.
A preliminary study on treatment of human breast cancer xenografts with a cocktail of paclitaxel, doxorubicin, and 131I-anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule (9C4)
Authors: Ali Naiim S. , Akudugu John M. , Howell Roger W.
Published: January 2019

Triple-negative breast cancer often has devastating outcomes and treatment options remain limited. Therefore, different treatment combinations are worthy of testing. The efficacy of a cocktail of paclitaxel, doxorubicin, and 131I-anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) (9C4) to treat breast cancer was tested. Efficacy was tested with an MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer xenograft model. Anti-EpCAM (9C4) was demonstrated to bind to MDA-MB-231 human adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. Subsequently, mice-bearing MDA-MB-231× enografts were treated with either 131I-anti-EpCAM (9C4), unlabeled anti-EpCAM (9C4), paclitaxel, doxorubicin, or a cocktail of all of the agents. Tumor volume was measured for up to 70-day postinjection. Exponential regression was performed on tumor growth curves for each of the therapy groups. Statistical comparison of the growth constants λ of the regression models for each of the treatment groups with that of the cold antibody and control groups was done using extra sum-of-square F-tests. Biexponential clearance of 131I-anti-EpCAM (9C4) was observed with biological clearance half-times of 1.14 and 17.6 days for the first and second components, respectively. The mean growth rate of the tumors in animals treated with a cocktail of all of the agents was slower than in those treated with unlabeled anti-EpCAM (9C4) (P = 0.022). These preliminary data suggest that a cocktail of 131I-anti-EpCAM (9C4), paclitaxel, and doxorubicin may be suitable for treating breast cancers with high expression of EpCAM.
Optional Pass-Thru Features
Authors:   Vehicle E E System Diagnostic Standards Committee
Published: January 2019

SAE J2534-1 defines a standard vehicle network interface that can be used to reprogram emission-related control modules. However, there is a need to support vehicles prior to the 2004 model year, as well as non-emission related control modules.

The SAE J2534-2 document meets these needs by detailing extensions to an SAE J2534-1 specification. It is not required for an interface to be fully compliant with SAE J2534-1 specification to implement some of the features specified in this document. Together, these extensions provide the framework for a common interface to protect the software investment of the Vehicle OEMs and Scan Tool manufacturers.

Only the optional features will be described by this document and are based on the December 2004 publication of SAE J2534-1.
The United Kingdom's ‘enhanced concurrency regime’
Authors: Whish Richard
Published: January 2019

An interesting feature of the Competition Act 1998 (the ‘CA 1998’) is the concurrency regime: the UK's sectoral regulators are given concurrent powers with the Competition and Markets Authority (‘CMA’) to enforce the Chapter I and Chapter II prohibitions and Articles 101 and 102 TFEU. This article explores the ‘enhanced concurrency regime’ that has applied since the entry into force of the Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013 and considers the main points outlined in the CMA's 2018 Concurrency Report and competition enforcement activity by the CMA and sectoral regulators in regulated sectors. It concludes with some thoughts on how concurrency may function in a post-Brexit world.
Jumping the gun: lessons learnt from recent EU cases
Authors: Olthoff Merit , Ruechardt Corinne
Published: January 2019

In most jurisdictions, the parties to a merger are not allowed to implement the transaction prior to receiving clearance from the relevant competition authority. Competition authorities have become increasingly vigilant about enforcing this standstill obligation. Recent high profile cases involving record fines provide some insight into which activities may be regarded as impermissible ‘gun jumping’ and which measures are permitted in preparing to implement a merger. This article analyses the European Commission's decision in Altice and the Court of Justice's judgment in Ernst & Young and draws conclusions, in particular, on the implications for information exchange between merging parties and the identification of ‘ordinary business’, which must remain unaffected until closing of a prospective concentration.
Escrita e projeto museológico: uma análise a partir do Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico Luigi Pigorini di Roma
Authors: Rodrigues Rafael De Oliveira
Published: January 2019

A proposta deste artigo é lançar uma reflexão sobre o projeto museológico do Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico Luigi Pigorini di Roma (Museu Nacional Pré-Histórico Etnográfico Luigi Pigorini de Roma). Nossa análise concentrou-se nas exposições permanentes, uma pré-histórica, outra etnográfica. Tomando como ponto de partida a ideia de que por trás de cada projeto museológico existe um texto escrito, identificamos que o Museu Luigi Pigorini adota um projeto racionalista, baseado em uma tipologia de escrita museal explicativa, a qual reduz a complexidade de suas coleções ao discurso científico.
O Paradoxo dos Centros Históricos - O Caso de Florianópolis
Authors: Castells Alicia Norma Gonzalez de
Published: January 2019

Nesta reflexão, pretende-se discutir o lugar do patrimônio cultural em centros históricos a partir da consideração do patrimônio como uma categoria de natureza processual. À luz das práticas do cotidiano, problematizar os níveis de ressonância dos bens escolhidos e legitimados pelo Estado. Trazer à tona os meandros das revitalizações ou reabilitações urbanas sob a ótica do valor patrimonial que eles possuem. Por fim, focando em particular no Centro Histórico de Florianópolis (Brasil), o objetivo prioritário é dar visibilidade às tensões e conflitos do campo patrimonial entre o valor de troca e o valor de uso do patrimônio urbano.
Combining feminist intersectional and community-engaged research commitments: Adaptations for scoping reviews and secondary analyses of national data sets
Authors: Levac Leah , Denis Ann B
Published: January 2019

As Hankivsky & Cormier (2011) and Denis (2008) note, the theoretical evolution of intersectionality has outpaced its methodological development. While past work has contributed to our understanding of how to apply intersectionality in research (CRIAW-ICREF & DAWN-RAFH 2014; Morris & Bunjan 2007; Simpson 2009), gaps persist. Drawing on a four-year community-university research collaboration called ‘Changing public services: Women and intersectional analysis’, we explore the incorporation of feminist intersectional and community-engaged research commitments into secondary data analyses, specifically a scoping review and secondary analyses of two Statistics Canada data sets. We discuss our application of these commitments across all stages of designing and undertaking these analyses, in particular drawing into focus the importance of dialogue and deliberation throughout our process. Our application of feminist intersectional and community-engaged commitments – including prioritising community benefit and practising self-reflexivity – revealed gaps and silences in the data, in turn improving our understanding of differences in people’s experiences, our critiques of policies and our identification of new research questions. The lessons learned, we conclude, are valuable for scholars, whether or not community engagement is central to their scholarly commitment.

Keywordsfeminist intersectionality, community-engaged research, scoping review, logistic regression, community-university partnerships, Canadian public services
Comparison of CO2 and O2 fluxes demonstrate retention of respired CO2 in tree stems from a range of tree species
Authors: Hilman Boaz , Muhr Jan , Trumbore Susan E. , Kunert Norbert , Carbone Mariah S. , Yuval Päivi , Wright S. Joseph , Moreno Gerardo , Pérez-Priego Oscar , Migliavacca Mirco , Carrara Arnaud , Grünzweig José M. , Osem Yagil , Weiner Tal , Angert Alon
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The ratio of CO2 efflux to O2 influx (ARQ,
apparent respiratory quotient) in tree stems is expected to be 1.0 for
carbohydrates, the main substrate supporting stem respiration. In previous
studies of stem fluxes, ARQ values below 1.0 were observed and hypothesized
to indicate retention of respired carbon within the stem. Here, we
demonstrate that stem ARQ < 1.0 values are common across 85
tropical, temperate, and Mediterranean forest trees from nine different
species. Mean ARQ values per species per site ranged from 0.39 to 0.78, with
an overall mean of 0.59. Assuming that O2 uptake provides a measure of
in situ stem respiration (due to the low solubility of O2), the overall mean
indicates that on average 41 % of CO2 respired in stems is not
emitted from the local stem surface. The instantaneous ARQ did not vary with
sap flow. ARQ values of incubated stem cores were similar to those measured
in stem chambers on intact trees. We therefore conclude that dissolution of
CO2 in the xylem sap and transport away from the site of respiration
cannot explain the low ARQ values. We suggest refixation of respired
CO2 in biosynthesis reactions as possible mechanism for low ARQ values.
The Antarctic Ice Sheet response to glacial millennial-scale variability
Authors: Blasco Javier , Tabone Ilaria , Alvarez-Solas Jorge , Robinson Alexander , Montoya Marisa
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) is the largest ice sheet on Earth and hence a
major potential contributor to future global sea-level rise. A wealth of
studies suggest that increasing oceanic temperatures could cause a collapse
of its marine-based western sector, the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, through the
mechanism of marine ice-sheet instability, leading to a sea-level increase of
3–5 m. Thus, it is crucial to constrain the sensitivity of the AIS
to rapid climate changes. The last glacial period is an ideal benchmark
period for this purpose as it was punctuated by abrupt Dansgaard–Oeschger
events at millennial timescales. Because their center of action was in the
North Atlantic, where their climate impacts were largest, modeling studies
have mainly focused on the millennial-scale evolution of Northern Hemisphere
(NH) paleo ice sheets. Sea-level reconstructions attribute the origin of
millennial-scale sea-level variations mainly to NH paleo ice sheets, with a
minor but not negligible role of the AIS. Here we investigate the AIS
response to millennial-scale climate variability for the first time. To this
end we use a three-dimensional, thermomechanical hybrid, ice sheet–shelf
model. Different oceanic sensitivities are tested and the sea-level
equivalent (SLE) contributions computed. We find that whereas atmospheric
variability has no appreciable effect on the AIS, changes in submarine
melting rates can have a strong impact on it. We show that in contrast to the
widespread assumption that the AIS is a slow reactive and static ice sheet
that responds at orbital timescales only, it can lead to ice discharges of
around 6 m SLE, involving substantial grounding line migrations at
millennial timescales.
Short communication: flow as distributed lines within the landscape
Authors: Armitage John J.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Landscape evolution models (LEMs) aim to
capture an aggregation of the processes of erosion and deposition within the
earth's surface and predict the evolving topography. Over long timescales,
i.e. greater than 1 million years, the computational cost is such that
numerical resolution is coarse and all small-scale properties of the
transport of material cannot be captured. A key aspect, therefore, of such a
long timescale LEM is the algorithm chosen to route water down the surface. I
explore the consequences of two end-member assumptions of how water flows
over the surface of an LEM – either down a single flow direction (SFD) or
down multiple flow directions (MFDs) – on model sediment flux and valley
spacing. I find that by distributing flow along the edges of the mesh cells,
node to node, the resolution dependence of the evolution of an LEM is
significantly reduced. Furthermore, the flow paths of water predicted by this
node-to-node MFD algorithm are significantly closer to those observed in
nature. This reflects the observation that river channels are not necessarily
fixed in space, and a distributive flow captures the sub-grid-scale processes
that create non-steady flow paths. Likewise, drainage divides are not fixed
in time. By comparing results between the distributive transport-limited LEM
and the stream power model “Divide And Capture”, which was developed to
capture the sub-grid migration of drainage divides, I find that in both cases
the approximation for sub-grid-scale processes leads to
resolution-independent valley spacing. I would, therefore, suggest that LEMs
need to capture processes at a sub-grid-scale to accurately model the earth's
surface over long timescales.
The DeepMIP contribution to PMIP4: methodologies for selection, compilation and analysis of latest Paleocene and early Eocene climate proxy data, incorporating version 0.1 of the DeepMIP database
Authors: Hollis Christopher J. , Dunkley Jones Tom , Anagnostou Eleni , Bijl Peter K. , Cramwinckel Marlow J. , Cui Ying , Dickens Gerald R. , Edgar Kirsty M. , Eley Yvette , Evans David , Foster Gavin L. , Frieling Joost , Inglis Gordon N. , Kennedy Elizabeth M. , Kozdon Reinhard , Lauretano Vittoria , Lear Caroline H. , Littler Kate , Meckler Nele , Naafs B. David A. , Pälike Heiko , Pancost Richard D. , Pearson Paul , Royer Dana L. , Salzmann Ulrich , Schubert Brian , Seebeck Hannu , Sluijs Appy , Speijer Robert , Stassen Peter , Tierney Jessica , Tripati Aradhna , Wade Bridget , Westerhold Thomas , Witkowski Caitlyn , Zachos James C. , Zhang Yi Ge , Huber Matthew , Lunt Daniel J.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The early Eocene (56 to 48 million years ago) is inferred to have been the most recent time that Earth's atmospheric CO2 concentrations exceeded 1000 ppm. Global mean temperatures were also substantially warmer than present day. As such, study of early Eocene climate provides insight into how a super-warm Earth system behaves and offers an opportunity to evaluate climate models under conditions of high greenhouse gas forcing. The Deep Time Model Intercomparison Project (DeepMIP) is a systematic model-model and model-data intercomparison of three early Paleogne time slices: latest Paleocene, Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum and early Eocene climatic optimum. A previous article outlined the model experimental design for climate model simulations. In this article, we outline the methodologies to be used for the compilation and analysis of climate proxy data, primarily proxies for temperature and CO2. This paper establishes the protocols for a concerted and coordinated effort to compile the climate proxy records across a wide geographic range. The resulting climate atlas will be used to constrain and evaluate climate models for the three selected time intervals, and provide insights into the mechanisms that control these warm climate states. We provide version 0.1 of this database, in anticipation that this will be expanded in subsequent publications.
Skill assessment of global, regional and coastal circulation forecast models: evaluating the benefits of dynamical downscaling in IBI surface waters
Authors: Lorente Pablo , García-Sotillo Marcos , Amo-Baladrón Arancha , Aznar Roland , Levier Bruno , Sánchez-Garrido José Carlos , Sammartino Simone , De Pascual Álvaro , Reffray Guillaume , Toledano Cristina , Álvarez-Fanjul Enrique
Published: January 2019

Abstract. In this work, a multi-parameter inter-comparison of diverse ocean forecast models was conducted at the sea surface, ranging from global to local scales in a two-phase strategy. Firstly, a comparison of CMEMS-GLOBAL and the nested CMEMS-IBI regional system was performed against satellite-derived and in situ observations. Results highlighted the overall benefits of both the GLOBAL data assimilation in open-waters and the increased horizontal resolution of IBI in coastal areas, respectively. Besides, IBI proved to capture shelf dynamics by better representing the horizontal extent and strength of a river freshwater plume, according to the results derived from the validation against in situ observations from a buoy moored in NW Spain. Secondly, a multi-model inter-comparison exercise for 2017 was performed in the Strait of Gibraltar among GLOBAL, IBI and the nested SAMPA high-resolution coastal forecast system in order to elucidate the accuracy of each system to characterize the Atlantic Jet (AJ) inflow dynamic. A quantitative validation against High Frequency radar (HFR) hourly currents highlighted both the steady improvement in AJ representation in terms of speed and direction when zooming from global to coastal scales though a multi-nesting model approach and also the relevance of a variety of factors at local scale such as a refined horizontal resolution, a tailored bathymetry and a higher spatio-temporal resolution of the atmospheric forcing. The ability of each model to reproduce a 2-day quasi-permanent full reversal of the AJ surface inflow was examined in terms of wind-induced circulation patterns. SAMPA appeared to better reproduce the reversal events detected with HFR estimations, demonstrating the potential added value of coastal models with respect to coarser parent regional systems. Finally, SAMPA coastal model outputs were also qualitatively analysed in the Western Alboran Sea to put in a broader perspective the context of the onset, development and end of such flow reversal episodes.
Framing Theoretical/Conceptual Frameworks and Research Processes in African Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Everyday Experiences
Authors: Banda Felix , Banda Dennis
Published: January 2019

This article shows how indigenous knowledge systems and everyday experiences can be used to scaffold theoretical and analytical frameworks as well as to teach aspects of research processes and procedures in a non-intimidating way. We use everyday African experiences and proverbs to show that production of new knowledge does not have to be in English and associated exogenous culture; rather it will be more expedient and have lifelong impact on students if expressed in familiar language practices and knowledge systems. Eurocentric-based epistemologies and knowledge systems will only have profound meaning in Africa if framed in and expressed through local indigenous knowledge systems. We conclude that there is need for research protocols and theoretical/analytical frameworks to be filtered through African socio-cultural contexts and knowledge systems for comprehensive and culturally-relevant meaning making. This would dispel the current obsession with ritualized research, the mysticism associated with Eurocentric research, and perceptions that only formally-educated people are eligible to do research.
Social Justice and Equity in the UK Education System
Authors: Shu Yung-Ming , Lin Ren-Jie
Published: January 2019

This article is a review of educational justice in the United Kingdom. Historical roots are investigated. The main existing problems are: (1) the dual system, (2) the equality of university admissions, and (3) remedial education opportunities for disadvantaged pupils. There are recommendations from parliament and nongovernmental organizations, which are considered in this article. A summary of their suggestions include (1) reduce economic inequality, (2) eliminate the distinction between independent and state-funded schools, (3) promote adequate market mechanisms, and (4) offer more remedial education.
SILICA GRAFTED WITH EPOXIDIZED LIQUID POLYBUTADIENES: EVIDENCE FOR THE MECHANISM OF REINFORCEMENT
Authors: Braum Marcus V. , Jacobi Marly A. M.
Published: January 2019

Precipitated silica with backbone epoxidized liquid polybutadiene grafted onto its surface has recently been presented as a new reinforcement material that requires significantly less energy to disperse in comparison wtih the traditional in situ silanization process. This potentially provides better traction and hard-handling performance in car tire treads, without greatly increasing rolling resistance. The purpose of this study was to seek evidence proving the previously proposed reinforcement mechanism, through solid-state 1H low-field nuclear magnetic resonance and equilibrium swelling experiments. The evidence points to an increase in the amount of epoxidized chain segments chemically bonded to the silica surface and to an increase in coating-matrix entanglements with increases in the degree of epoxidation and cure of the coated silica. Such evidence is consistent with the hypothesis of increasing the number of entanglements and/or their progressive loss of mobility with an increase in the degree of epoxidation and decrease in temperature, which is in close agreement with the proposed mechanism.
MAIN GOVERNING FACTORS INFLUENCING MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SHORT-CUT ARAMID FIBER–REINFORCED ELASTOMERS
Authors: Vleugels N. , Dierkes W. K. , Blume A. , Reuvekamp L. A. E. M. , Noordermeer J. W. M.
Published: January 2019

This study concerns short-cut aramid fiber reinforcement of synthetic elastomer compounds and their influence on the processability and mechanical properties. Short-fiber reinforcement of elastomers is very complex, because it depends on many mutually interacting factors: fiber concentration, fiber orientation distribution, fiber length and distribution, fiber-matrix interfacial strength, and properties of the matrix. The relationship between these influencing factors is highlighted in an S-SBR compound by design of experiments. Two 3 mm long aramid fibers were used: an epoxy-amine–coated fiber and a virgin fiber without coating. To potentially achieve a fiber–matrix interaction, the following silane coupling agents were employed: bis-(triethoxysilylpropyl)-disulfane (TESPD), bis-(triethoxysilylpropyl)-tetrasulfane (TESPT), S-3-(triethoxysilylpropyl)-octanethioate (NXT), and an alkylpolyether-mercapto-silane (Si 363), all in combination with the adhesion-activated aramid fibers and in comparison with the virgin fibers. They are compared on equimolar basis with regard to the amount of reactive ethoxy groups versus TESPD, making use of a “design of experiments” approach of the experimental setup. The outcome shows that, contrary to common assumptions, the effect of the fiber–matrix interaction is grossly overshadowed by the effects of other factors (i.e., fiber concentration and orientation) on the vulcanization system. For each mechanical property response, an optimization prediction is calculated and confirmed with an experimental run, showing, for example, a 330% potential improvement in the Young's modulus.
Hemilaminectomy, Diverticular Marsupialization, and Vertebral Stabilization for Thoracolumbar Spinal Arachnoid Diverticula in Five Dogs
Authors: Aikawa Takeshi , Shimatsu Taichi , Miyazaki Yuta
Published: January 2019

Medical records (2004–2016) of five dogs with a thoracolumbar spinal arachnoid diverticula (SAD) that was diagnosed with stress myelography in four dogs and magnetic resonance imaging in three, and who had hemilaminectomy, diverticular marsupialization, and vertebral stabilization, were reviewed. Data on previous treatment, pre- and postoperative neurologic status, diagnostic findings, surgical techniques, and outcomes was retrieved. Follow-up clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed immediately; ∼1, 2, and 6 mo postoperatively; and at annual follow-up examinations.

The stress myelography demonstrated spinal cord dynamic compression in three of four dogs and change in size or shape of the SAD in all four. Two dogs who had SAD recurrences 4 and 13 mo after previous surgical dural fenestration, and one dog with no previous SAD treatment demonstrated long-term neurological improvement after vertebral stabilization (49, 77, and 126 mo). In two other dogs, recurrence of clinical signs was observed at the follow-up (8 and 12 mo).

This case series suggested that repetitive spinal cord injury from the dynamic lesion appears to be one potential cause of thoracolumbar SADs. In cases with dynamic lesions confirmed by stress myelography, vertebral stabilization with conventional techniques is indicated to prevent SAD recurrence.
Computed Tomography of Lobular Dissecting Hepatitis in a Young Golden Retriever
Authors: Hostnik Eric T. , Parker Valerie J. , Cullen John M.
Published: January 2019

A 9 mo old female intact golden retriever presented for evaluation of chronic lethargy and decreased appetite. The serum biochemistry profile revealed increased liver enzymes consistent with a mixed hepatocellular and cholestatic pattern. A multiphase computed tomography angiography was performed to evaluate for a portosystemic shunt. Numerous hyperattenuating nodules were identified throughout the liver on the noncontrast-enhanced series. Histologic evaluation of percutaneous needle biopsy samples of a liver nodule showed a rare form of hepatitis called lobular dissecting hepatitis. Lobular dissecting hepatitis should be considered as a differential in young dogs with precontrast hyperattenuating hepatic nodules on noncontrast-enhanced computed tomography.
Evaluation of the Tolerability of Combination Chemotherapy with Mitoxantrone and Dacarbazine in Dogs with Lymphoma
Authors: Intile Joanne L. , Rassnick Kenneth M. , Al-Sarraf Renee , Chretin John D.
Published: January 2019

Combination chemotherapy can be an effective option for treating resistant lymphoma in dogs. This retrospective study examined the tolerability and efficacy of the combination of 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)-imidazole-4-carboxamide (dacarbazine) (DTIC) in a population of dogs with lymphoma resistant to a doxorubicin-containing chemotherapy protocol. Mitoxantrone was administered at 5 mg/m 2 IV over 10 min followed by DTIC at 600 mg/m 2 IV over 5 hr, every 3 wk. All dogs were treated with prophylactic trimethoprim–sulfadiazine and metoclopramide. The frequency of grade 4 neutropenia was 18%, and 5% of dogs were hospitalized from sepsis. Gastrointestinal toxicity was uncommon. The overall response rate was 34% (15 of 44; 95% confidence interval 20–48%) for a median duration of 97 days (range 24–636 days, 95% confidence interval 44–150 days). Fourteen of 15 dogs who received mitoxantrone and DTIC as first rescue responded to treatment. Dogs who achieved complete remission to their initial L-asparaginase, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy protocol were more likely to respond to mitoxantrone and DTIC (23 versus 11%, P = .035). The combination of mitoxantrone and DTIC is a safe treatment option for resistant lymphoma in dogs.
Promoting population health by integrating an interprofessional poverty simulation into the curriculum
Authors: Hooven Katie
Published: January 2019

Background: Nursing programs have a unique opportunity to bolster students’ understanding of the concept of population health management through use of a poverty simulation. Addressing population health requires that nurses understand the broader issues impacting patient care. Aim: To determine if integrating an interprofessional poverty simulation is an effective tool to introduce the concept of population health management.Methods: The Community Action Poverty Simulation© was implemented in a baccalaureate nursing curriculum as an interprofessional learning activity. The study was quasi-experimental using a quantitative pre-test and post-test design and qualitative essays.Results: Data were collected from 277 college students, including 149 nursing majors.Conclusions: The analyses support that a published poverty simulation is an effective resource to expose students to interprofessional collaboration and establish a professional precedent to promote population health management principles.
Analysis of Educational Quality, a Goal of Education for All Policy
Authors: Madani Rehaf A.
Published: January 2019

Education is recognized as a human right since the adoption of Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 besides health and shelter. Education for All Goals was established where more than 150 governments have adopted world declaration on Education for All policy to support the universal right for education. The ultimate goal of many countries is to guarantee the optimum educational access rates for improving the quality. Similarly, quality is reflected by a range of indicators, including government spending on education, student/teacher ratios, teacher qualifications, test scores, and the length of time students spend in school. Every investment must be measured against how it can serve such aspects to ensure the ultimate quality of Education for All programs. Investing in education reinforces a society’s wealth and growth, where individuals can easily improve their own personal efficacy, productivity, and incomes. A major challenge lies in defining the ideal education indicators and circumstances among countries; especially poorly developed countries that strive to establish a quality evaluation theme. Therefore, there is need of multifaceted standpoint and reasoning framework to realize educational policy evaluations that can truly contribute to the improvement of educational situation in developing countries and around the world.
Examination of Vocational Motivations of Physical Education and Sports Teachers in Terms of Some Variances
Authors: Var Levent , Yildiz Mehtap
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study is to examine the professional motivations of Physical Education and Sports Teachers. The study group included totally (n=300) 93 female and 207 male physical education and sports teachers working in; Erzurum (n=30), Yozgat (n=22), Kayseri (n=30), Nevsehir (n=56), Aksaray (n=22), Ankara (n=52), Istanbul (n=44) and Kirsehir (n=40) provinces. The research was made in 2017–2018 academic year. As a data collection tool “Vocational Motivation Scale”, which consists of 24 items, was developed by Ural (1996). SPSS 22.0 package program was used for statistical analysis of the acquired data and results were evaluated at p<0.05 meaningfulness level. As a result of the research, it was determined that there was a meaningful difference in physical motivation of physical education teachers according to age and seniority, and it was determined that there was a significant difference when their vocational motivations were determined by gender.
A Novel Approach for Identifying Gas Cavitation in Oil Jet Pump for Lubrication System
Authors: Zhang Jun , Ma Peiyong , Gan Shuyi , Wang Shunsen
Published: January 2019

Gas cavitation has significant influence on oil jet pump in lubrication system of turbo machinery. This study provides a novel approach for identifying gas cavitation in oil jet pump. Such an approach accounts for the physical process of gas cavitation and its effect on the performance of oil jet pump. The performance of oil jet pump under variable working conditions is systematically measured and quantified from experiment and numerical simulation results. Based on the frequency characteristics of cavitation process and its action mechanism, a novel approach for the identification of gas cavitation is provided. Results shown that gas cavitation emerges at =1.68 and fades away at =1.31 with dissolve air content =110ppm in lubrication oil. Here, the dissolved air content in lubrication oil is 6.3 times larger than that in water, and the oil jet pump is more prone to suffer from cavitation than water jet pump by 16%. This study promotes a deeper understanding on the mechanics of gas cavitation affects fluid machinery in lubrication system.
The Hallstatt Textiles from the Bi-ritual Cemetery in Świbie
Authors: Słomska Joanna , Antosik Łukasz
Published: January 2019

Textile production during the Hallstatt period was an integral part of everyday life of societies living in Poland. However, discoveries of fabrics are very rare. Textile remains from this period survived primarily in the skeletal bi-ritual graves in the Silesia voivodship. Among preserved fragments of organic finds, remains of clothes and elements of accessories can be distinguished. The best-preserved and well-studied textile remains come from the cemetery in Świbie, Gliwice district. The locality was accidentally discovered in 1930s, but regular excavations started there thirty years later. As a result of the archaeological works, 576 cremation urns and skeletal graves were explored providing a rich set of materials. Grave goods were local products, as well as imports from Southern and Western Europe. Sixty three graves contained remains of textiles. The majority of the surviving fabrics adhered to metal outfits. In addition, research encountered woven tape remains, braided ribbons, threads, and strings. The material acquired from the cemetery in Świbie is the largest textile collection from the Hallstatt period discovered in Poland. It waited in a museum warehouse until the year 2015 when the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Łódź initiated further studies. Despite the fact that most fragments were small and mineralised, all the undertaken analyses led to a better understanding of textile production in the Hallstatt period in Poland with its innovative and traditional elements.
THE INFORMATION FLOW IN THE CRISIS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE WEJHEROWO AND SŁUPSK DISTRICS
Authors: Świnder Piotr
Published: January 2019

The main goal of this article is to present the results of research on the information flow in the crisis management system in the Słupsk and Wejherowo districts. The article presents the structure of the crisis management system at the district level, as well as the results of the analysis of the functioning of communication systems and ICT support for crisis management in districts covered by the research.
Experience Machines by Mark Silcox (ed.)
Authors: Bartel Christopher
Published: January 2019

Book review of the anthology "Experience Machines" by Mark Silcox.
Detection and Evaluation of metals in soil under influence of mining by Dispersive Energy X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (EDXRF), Lavras do Sul/RS
Authors: Gomes Cristiane Heredia , Sperandio Diogo Gabriel , Dessart Rafael Lima , Giusti Dionatan Daniel
Published: January 2019

Rocks are the primary source of chemical elements found in the earth. Among them metallic elements, which are distributed in most natural environments and their distribution in soils is widespread. Knowledge of the soil chemical composition will provide subsidies for a prediction of phytotoxicity and possible groundwater contamination. Concentrations of metals, in the right quantities, are essential for maintaining life. Although, if in high quantities (toxicity), can cause damage to plants, animals, and humans. This work consists of a chemical analysis of soil samples in the region of Lavras do Sul / RS, where mineral deposits occur. Until the year 1981 mining activities occupied the area without municipality, resulting in ore and waste deposits at inappropriate places, generating environmental liabilities, contributing to soil chemistry, and consequently affecting public health. Through the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF) method, 20 soil samples were analyzed in two profiles surrounding the municipality. Among them, high concentrations of Zn, Cu, Ce and Cd were detected, possibly contributing to anthropic activities and seasonal fluctuations.
Temas centrales en los debates legislativos sobre la “deslaicización” de la educación laica en México (1992-1993)
Authors: Arredondo Adelina , Ortiz Cirilo Alejandro
Published: January 2019

Como parte del proyecto de modernización del Estado, del restablecimiento de las relaciones diplomáticas con El Vaticano y la reconfiguración de las relaciones entre el gobierno y la Iglesia católica en México, en 1992 el presidente Carlos Salinas de Gortari presentó ante el Congreso de la Unión un proyecto de reforma constitucional en materia educativa que permitió la impartición de enseñanza religiosa en las escuelas privadas, prohibida desde 1917. Fue así como se redujo el régimen de laicidad educativa, por lo que significó un proceso de «deslaicización». Nuestro propósito en este artículo es analizar los núcleos de las discusiones parlamentarias relativas a la educación laica en México durante la LV Legislatura (1991-1994). El objetivo central es examinar cuáles fueron los cambios en relación al régimen educativo establecido desde 1917. Nos interesa esclarecer cuáles fueron sus antecedentes, indagar los puntos principales de la iniciativa presidencial, el procedimiento legislativo que se siguió desde que se presentó la propuesta de reforma constitucional hasta su entrada en vigor. Finalmente, identificamos las posiciones, los argumentos, los temas, las propuestas que se enfrentaron en los debates parlamentarios, las negociaciones y los acuerdos a los que se llegaron para lograr concretar la reforma constitucional al artículo 3º
La alteridad indígena en los libros de lectura de Argentina (ca.1885-1940)
Authors: Centanni Antonela
Published: January 2019

Reseña del libro de Teresa Laura Ardietra, La alteridad indígena en los libros de lectura de Argentina (ca.1885-1940). Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2017
La propuesta sobre educación de la comisión para el estudio de los problemas españoles (1945)
Authors: Cruz Orozco José Ignacio
Published: January 2019

En este artículo se analiza y transcribe el texto redactado por un grupo de destacados profesores y pedagogos españoles exiliados, con especial atención a su contextualización. El grupo integraba la ponencia sobre educación de la Comisión de estudio de los problemas españoles, impulsada por la Unión de Profesores Españoles en el Extranjero. El documento final fue publicado en 1945 en la ciudad de México D F: en los Talleres tipográficos de B. Costa Amic, y ocupa 23 páginas. Se trata de un auténtico programa de actuación a llevar a cabo tras la restauración de la República en España, que en esas fechas tras finalizar la guerra en Europa, se pensaba cercana.
La Historia como pasión y compromiso. Entrevista a Alicia Alted Vigil
Authors: Ossenbach Sauter Gabriela
Published: January 2019

Entrevista a Alicia Alted Vigil, Catedrática de Historia Contemporánea en la Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) de Madrid, especialista en el estudio del exilio republicano español de 1939.  En la entrevista se aborda su trayectoria desde que se hiciera cargo en los años 1980 de la catalogación del archivo del gobierno republicano en el exilio, así como su especialización en el trabajo histórico con testimonios orales. Entre sus investigaciones en torno al exilio republicano, la entrevista destaca sus trabajos sobre las consecuencias del exilio y la guerra civil para la infancia.
Important metabolites in maintaining folic acid, homocysteine and polyamine metabolism associated with ranibizumab treatment in cultured Human Tenon’s Fibroblast
Authors: Md Noh Siti Munirah , Sheikh Abdul Kadir Siti Hamimah , Vasudevan Sushil Kumar
Published: January 2019

Anti-fibrotic properties of ranibizumab have been well documented. As an antagonist to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), ranibizumab works by binding and neutralizes all active VEGF, thus limits the progressive cell growth and proliferation. Its application in ocular diseases has shown remarkable desired effects, however to date its anti-fibrotic mechanism is not well understood. In this study, we identified metabolic changes in ranibizumab-treated Human Tenos’s fibroblast (HTF). Cultured HTFs were treated for48 hours with 0.5 mg/ml of ranibizumab and 0.5 mg/ml control IgG antibody which serves as a negative control. Samples from each group were injected into Agilent 6520 Q-TOF Liquid Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometer (LC/MS) System to establish the metabolite expression in both ranibizumab treated cells and control group. Data obtained was analysed using Agilent Mass Hunter Qualitative Analysis software to identify the most regulated metabolite following ranibizumab treatment. At statistical analysis of p-value < 0.01 with the cut off value of two-fold change, 31 identified metabolites were found to be significantly up-regulated in ranibizumab-treated group, with 6 of the mostly up-regulated have insignificant role in fibroblast’s cell cycle and wound healing regulations Meanwhile, 121 identified metabolites were down-regulated with seven of the mostly down-regulated are significantly involved in cell cycle and proliferation. Our findings demonstrated that ranibizumab abrogates the tissue scarring process and wound healing formation by regulating the expression of metabolites associated with fibrotic activity. In particular, we found that vitamin Bs are important in maintaining normal folic acid cycle, nucleotide synthesis, homocysteine and spermidine metabolism. This study provides an insight of ranibizumab mechanism of actions on HTFs from the perspective of metabolomics.