bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioecological aspects of Cynea (Cynea) diluta (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae)
Authors: Suênia-Bastos Ayane , Cajé Suianne , Duarte-de-Mélo Jefferson , de Moura Lima Iracilda Maria , Hendrik Mielke Olaf Hermann
Published: April 2024

In Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera), many species build shelters during their ontogeny which may be serve as a scape strategy to reduce attacks from natural enemies and dislodgment from the host plant. This paper provides bioecological information regarding host plant, natural parasitism, and distribution of Cynea (Cynea) diluta (Herrich-Schäffer) (Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae) collected near remnants of the Atlantic Forest “Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco” (CEPE), Northeast Region of Brazil. Larvae and pupae, the later showing signs of parasitism, were collected from a garden at the Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, State of Alagoas, Brazil. They were brought to the laboratory to record emergences and possible parasitoids. Data from distribution were obtained from labels of hesperiid deposited from the Coleção Entomológica Padre Jesus Santiago Moure,Curitiba, State of Paraná. The host plant was identified as Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum. (Zingiberaceae). From the 13 larvae and two pupae collected in the environment, 20 specimens of Brachymeria sp. (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) emerged from the pupae. This is the first report of parasitism on pupae of Cynea (C.) diluta.
First record of Bisaltes (Bisaltes) brevicornis Breuning, 1939 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Apomecynini) in Peru, with notes regarding other Peruvian species of Bisaltes (s. str.) Thomson, 1868
Authors: Juárez-Noé Gino , Perales-Chiscul Franco
Published: April 2024

We present the first record of Bisaltes (Bisaltes) brevicornis Breuning, 1939 in Peru, based on one male specimen collected in an urban locality of the Lambayeque region in northwestern Peru. A diagnosis for recognition of the species and differentiate it from other similar taxa are provided. Additionally, notes regarding other species of Bisaltes (Bisaltes) Thomson, 1868 recorded to Peru are given.
Living inside baskets: a new fruit tree host for Oiketicus kirbyi Guilding, 1927 (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) in Brazil
Authors: Gama-Neto Jaime de Liege , Bastos Passos Mahedy Araujo , Passos Gama Marcella
Published: April 2024

The bagworm Oiketicus kirbyi is an extremely polyphagous insect pest that attacks several crops of economic importance in various Brazilian regions. In this paper, we are made the first record of O. kirbyi in Maranhão state, northeast Brazil region. Additionally, the Jabuticabeira tree Plinia grandifolia, an economically important Brazilian fruit tree, is presented as a new fruit tree host for O. kirbyi. Two larvae specimens of this species were collected in a garden of a residential condominium, on an individual of the P. grandifolia. This found is of great importance given the economic relevance of Jabuticabeira tree and the high level of damage that can be caused by O. kirbyi larvae on fruits production.
Damage caused by social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) to commercial fruits in the Brazilian Amazon region
Authors: Melo Lourido Gilcélia , Somavilla Alexandre , Corrêa Barbosa Bruno , de Vasconcelos Geraldo José Nascimento
Published: April 2024

Social wasps play a crucial role in ecosystems by actively foraging and preying on lepidopterans caterpillars, an important group of insects known to damage various structures of cultivated plants. However, there is a discussion about the potential damage that these wasps can cause to the fruits of some commercial species. In this research, cases of damage caused by Polybia dimidiata (Olivier), Polybia liliacea (Fabricius), Synoeca surinama (Linnaeus), and Synoeca virginea (Fabricius) to fruits of three different fruit species: guava, carambola, and murici, are recorded while they are still attached to the stem. These events occurred in the municipalities of Itacoatiara and Uarini, both located in the state of Amazonas, northern Brazil. These observations were made in the months of January 2013, December 2022, January, and February 2023. Due to their high infestation and vigorous foraging activities, it is speculated we posit that these wasp species could reach pest status, affecting the fruit harvests by stinging workers and damaging the fruits until made for marketing. However, it is crucial to emphasize that more comprehensive studies are needed to determine whether the damage caused by these vespids really represents a threat to small farmers.
Analysis of Financial Report Auditor Planning in Government Internal Control
Authors: Azaluddin Azaluddin
Published: April 2024

This study aims to determine the suitability of Planning Auditor of the Financial Statements of the Buton Regency Inspectorate, with Standard Audit of Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus implemented by BPK-RI. The research method used is descriptive with a approach the research was conducted at the Inspectorate Office of Buton Regency, which is located in Southheast Sulawesi Province. The research was carried out on August 2 to September 2, 2022. The result of this research is that the planning for the audit of the financial statements at the Buton district Inspectorate office has complied with the audit standards of the government’s internal supervisory apparatus implemented by the financial audit agency of the Republic of Indonesia (BPK-RI). The audit standard applies 3 statements of Field Work Standards (SPAP) set by the Indonesian Accountants Association, namely: 1) Work must be planned as well as possible and if used assistants must be properly supervised 2) A sufficient understanding of intern control must be obtained to plan the audit and determine the nature and scope of the tests to be performed 3) Competent audit evidence must be obtained through inspection, observation, submission of statements, and confirmations as a reasonable basis for expressing an opinion on the audited financial statements.
Effect of Terminal Levy Contribution on Local Original Revenue
Authors: Agustyawati Dwi , Hastuti  , Suriadi  , Katjina Husna , Rais Muhamad
Published: April 2024

The study aims to find out: the contribution of the Wamengkoli Wara terminal levy to regional revenue. Quantitative research is the chosen research methodology. Both secondary and primary data are used. Contribution analysis is used in data analysis. The sampling method uses saturated samples over a period of 5 years, or from 2018 to 2022. All data needed to collect data based on research in the form of concepts, definitions, or theories that can be applied to explain the problem to be discussed through this research. The Regional Revenue Office, the Transportation Office, and in this case customers are secondary data sources. The study findings show that: The average contribution of the wamengkoli wara terminal levy to Regional Original Revenue  during 2018-2022 is 1.63% This shows that the contribution of the terminal levy is still considered insufficient due to several things such as the COVID-19 pandemic and inter-district rental car/motorbike bus users prefer to raise and drop off passengers outside the terminal. In general, passengers who travel back and forth have private vehicles that are not collectible to the terminal Central Buton Regency is still a new pemekaran area, so the volume of terminal service users is still lacking.
Analysis Profitability of Capital Structure in Companies Manufacturing
Authors: Saprudin  , Arman
Published: April 2024

The aim of this research is to determine and analyze the influence of capital structure (DER, DAR and CR) on profitability (ROE) in metal and similar subsector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data in this research is secondary data in the form of annual financial reports of metal companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) for the 2018-2020 period obtained through the official BEI website. This research uses descriptive analysis methods and multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this research are: 1) Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) has a significant effect on Return on Equity (ROE) in a negative direction; 2) Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR) has no effect on Return on Equity (ROE); 3) Current Ratio (CR) influences Return on Equity (ROE) in a negative direction; 4) Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR), and Current Ratio (CR) simultaneously have a positive effect on profitability as measured by Return on Equity (ROE).
Transformatives Potenzial für sachunterrichtsdidaktische Forschung – entwickelt an der UN-Kinderrechtskonvention als normativer Bezugspunkt
Authors: Omolo Anja , Maltzahn Katharina von , Zelck Johanna
Published: April 2024

Die Autorinnen diskutieren den Ansatz der partizipativen Forschung mit Kindern als eine Möglichkeit zur Passung von Totalität und Normativität in der Forschung zur Didaktik des Sachunterrichts beizutragen. (DIPF/Orig.)
Alternativen beim Experimentieren – Transformation von Hilfestellungen durch den Einsatz digitaler Medien
Authors: Knoth Saskia
Published: April 2024

Die Autorin diskutiert Gelingensbedingungen für den Einsatz digitaler Medien im Kontext des Themenfeldes Experimentieren. Es wird untersucht, inwiefern unterschiedlich variierte, medial umgesetzte Lernunterstützung nachhaltig Einfluss auf inhaltlichen Wissenszuwachs und experimentelle Kompetenz haben. (DIPF/Orig.)
PERCEPTIONS TOWARDS TEENAGE PREGNANCY AND LIFESTYLES DETERMINANTS AMONG PREGNANT ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Dahlan Lyidia Dahlia , Kulai Dorothy
Published: April 2024

Teenage pregnancy is still a social problem with physical and psychological implications in many countries worldwide. This study aimed to examine the perceptions of teenage mothers toward pregnancy and their lifestyle determinants. A cross-sectional study was carried out among a convenience sample of 30 teenage mothers who attended one purposefully selected Maternal Child Health Clinic in Kuching. The study involved 30 teenage mothers between 13 and 19 years of age who had registered with an antenatal clinic and attended the follow-up. The perceptions of teenage mothers towards pregnancy were more often negative, with 19 (63.3%) having no knowledge of prevention and 11 (36.7%) having some knowledge of pregnancy prevention. Lifestyle determinants of teenage mothers included parents who were concerned about social limitations; loitering or socializing with friends and consuming alcohol can increase the desire for sex, clubbing, and smoking. Findings from this study have shown that 87% of teenage mothers enjoyed loitering or socializing with friends, with clubbing as their main activity. It was found that 66.7% were smokers and 73% consumed alcohol. In addition, 80% of the teenage mothers claimed they were having less communication with their parents despite staying with them. In conclusion, the perceptions and lifestyles adopted by teenagers were significantly related to being pregnant at a young age.
UNLOCKING MEANINGFUL HIGHER EDUCATION: A CONCEPTUAL EXPLORATION INTO THE TRIARCHIC CONNECTION OF KNOWLEDGE, TEACHING AND LEARNING
Authors: Shaari Anis , Morat Berlian Nur
Published: April 2024

The term education generally constitutes knowledge delivery and attainment activities. Enabling an individual to both gain and exercise knowledge, the processes of teaching and learning have remained the backbone of the education milieu. A major challenge is how to translate the concepts of knowledge, teaching and learning into producing meaningful education. The effort requires a closer look into understanding the connection between such concepts in a constructive manner. Instead of viewing teaching and learning as merely a physical process of imparting, absorbing and regurgitating knowledge between educators and learners as what Paulo Freire terms as ‘banking education’, this paper aims at highlighting the three educational fundamentals and their connectedness to one another in the voice of emancipating education. It is anticipated to be significant to several educational stakeholders like educators, parents and learners, especially in recognising the real potential of an individual and education, when knowledge, teaching and learning should no longer be viewed as transmissionary in nature.
THE ROLE OF COUNSELING SERVICES IN EMPOWERING WOMEN'S MENTAL HEALTH
Authors: Saidi Liley Afzani , Rahaman Nur Haffiza , Wan Yusof Wan Sue Emi Yusnita , Ramlee Siti Nurhafizah Saleeza , Abdullah Rayyan Cheong Tiang Ming
Published: April 2024

Women nowadays face various problems, especially in adjusting to new jobs and obligations. One of the consequences of adversity is mental health problems. As a result, one of the methods to help women's emotional support is to provide counseling services to increase their level of well-being. Therefore, the objectives of this study include: i) identifying the components of empowerment that are applied in the implementation of counseling sessions, especially those involving mental health handled by counselors; and ii) identifying mental health issues that counselors always handle when dealing with clients involving women. This study involves a qualitative technique, which is a single-case study conducted by interview with counselors who are trained and responsible for dealing with issues related to mental health and women. Interview findings will be classified using a verbatim approach, particularly those related to women's empowerment and therapies to improve mental health among women. The results of this study found that there are five sub-themes that are known for sure to empower mental health in the implementation of counseling sessions, which involve Perspective on Human Nature, Problem Clarification, Power Relationship between Client and Counselor, Power Analysis, and Skill Development. In addition, the results of the interview also show that counselors who conduct counseling sessions with female clients are always faced with issues related to depression, stress, problems at work, abuse, and relationship problems.
EVOLVING TRENDS OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN EDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Hassan Nurulhuda , Abd Rahman Mohd Nazri , Sumintono Bambang
Published: April 2024

This study is a bibliometric analysis investigating the incorporation of technology in educational assessment. This study aims to analyze the influence of these developments on assessment methods in schools, considering the increasing integration of technology due to the availability of digital tools and the emphasis on data-driven, individualized learning. This study examines the current patterns in academic research, identifies important topics, and investigates the impact of technological breakthroughs such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) on teaching methods and educational policies. The objective is to provide guidance for future educational strategies and assessments. We utilize a bibliometric methodology, utilizing the Scopus database to extract pertinent publications. The inclusion criteria pertain to works published from 2014 to 2023, with a specific focus on Technological Innovation in Educational Assessment. Analyzed are key bibliometric indicators, including publishing patterns, prolific authors, and subject distribution. The study utilizes visualization methods to depict co-authorship networks, citation patterns, and theme clusters. Co-authorship networks and citation patterns provide insights into collaborative efforts and the spread of impactful research. This bibliometric analysis sheds light on the changing scholarly landscape of Technological Innovation in Educational Assessment. The detected tendencies enhance our comprehension of the intricate and diverse characteristics of research in this sector. Given the ongoing importance of technology innovation in education, the findings of this study provide a basis for future research, policy development, and educational methods within a country.
LANGUAGE ASSESSMENT LITERACY: A SIGNIFICANT SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Ibrahim Norazida , Zailani Muhammad Azhar , Abd Hamid Harris Shah
Published: April 2024

The importance of Language Assessment Literacy (LAL) in education has received considerable attention in recent years due to its crucial impact on learning and teaching. This article seeks to synthesize existing knowledge, identify research gaps, and offer insights into the complex nature of LAL in educational environments. This study employed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) approach. A comprehensive collection of LAL studies was obtained by systematically searching academic databases, specifically Scopus and Web of Science (WoS). The review includes peer-reviewed studies from the social sciences, using a systematic search strategy to find relevant articles. Six main themes were identified in the synthesis of final findings from a review of key themes based on a sample size of 35. These themes are as follows: (1) LAL Components; (2) Teachers' LAL Levels; (3) Knowledge, Perceptions, and Practices of Language Assessment; (4) The Development of LAL Measures; (5) Professional Development and Training Needs in LAL; and (6) LAL Impacts. This literature review offers a comprehensive synthesis of current research on LAL, providing valuable insights for educators, researchers, and policymakers. The findings contribute to the ongoing discussion on effective language assessment practices in diverse educational settings, providing a basis for further exploration and development of LAL.
ASSESSMENT LITERACY MEASURES: A COMPREHENSIVE BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Ibrahim Norazida , Zailani Muhammad Azhar , Abd Hamid Harris Shah
Published: April 2024

Assessment literacy, a crucial component in education, plays a pivotal role in ensuring effective teaching and learning outcomes. The growing complexity and diversity of assessment practices in education underscore the necessity for educators to possess a nuanced understanding of assessment literacy. Despite its acknowledged importance, a consolidated overview of the research efforts in assessment literacy measures is lacking. This bibliometric review aims to investigate the scholarly landscape surrounding assessment literacy measures systematically. By delving into the literature, this study seeks to uncover research trends, influential contributors, and co-authorship countries' collaboration within the realm of assessment literacy in education. Scopus, a widely recognized scholarly database, serves as the primary source for this bibliometric review. A systematic search strategy employing relevant keywords and inclusion criteria retrieves a comprehensive dataset. Bibliometric indicators, including citation analysis, co-authorship networks, and keyword co-occurrence, are utilized to analyze and visualize the intellectual structure of assessment literacy measures research. The examination of keyword trends is anticipated to provide valuable insights into emerging areas of interest, illuminating the evolving discourse within the field. This thorough analysis aims to propel the field forward by addressing current challenges and inspiring future innovations in assessment literacy measures within the educational landscape.
THE IMPACT OF COMMUNICATION ON LEADERSHIP: A SIGNIFICANT REVIEW
Authors: Jaafar Rozaimi , Wan Mahmud Wan Marfazila , Mohd Hanafi Mohd Fakrul Hafiz , Ma Widad
Published: April 2024

Leadership is vital for organizational growth, necessitating examination of core competencies like communication enabling effective leadership especially in turbulent times. This review consolidates research on linkages between leadership communication and emergent leadership outcomes. While predominant focus remains leader-centric, literature reveals complex bidirectional communication flows across hierarchical levels influencing leadership effectiveness and acceptance. However, consolidated clarity regarding distinguishing facets of communication fundamental for impactful leadership remains lacking. This significant review synthesizes multi-level research connecting communication behaviors and processes with leadership emergence and performance spanning interpersonal, team and organizational contexts via conceptual analysis. A framework integrating competencies characterizing distinguished leader-communicators is also put forth based on evidence aggregated. Analysis points to key aspects ranging from conveying cultural empathy to elevating collective identity through inclusive discourse that distinguished leadership communication fundamentally binds leadership vision to contextual interactions driving performance. Findings also critically highlight need for added communication dimensions encompassing restorative justice where adversity erodes leader legitimacy. This seminal review definitively puts forth communication as the core binding element flowing through formal and informal leadership development conduits that ultimately nourishes organizational resilience fit to navigate unprecedented turbulence.
The integrated framework crystallizes distinguished communication-based leadership competencies redressing complex sociotechnical mechanisms that can unambiguously advance scholarship and practice on optimizing human centered, ethical and digitally-enabled leader messaging crucial for collective advancement.
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY IN EDUCATION: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH DIRECTIONS (2019-2023)
Authors: Jusoh Mohd Yahya Fadzli , Ishak Nor Asniza
Published: April 2024

This bibliometric analysis (2019-2023) explores the integration of energy sustainability in education. Utilizing data from Scopus, the study employs VOSviewer to map emerging trends and interconnections within this research domain. Focusing on the role of sustainability and energy conservation in educational contexts, particularly in lower and higher education, the study highlights the evolving discourse and its impact. It underscores the importance of incorporating sustainable energy concepts into educational curricula, preparing students for future environmental challenges. The analysis reveals key patterns in publication trends, subject distribution, and collaborative networks, offering a comprehensive overview of scholarly attention on sustainability in the field of education. This comprehensive bibliometric review contributes to understanding the pedagogical strategies and policy implications for embedding sustainability and energy awareness in educational systems globally.
CONCEPT PAPER: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT OF OPERATIONAL GUIDELINES INTEGRATED SPECIAL EDUCATION PROGRAM IN MALAYSIA.
Authors: Zulkifli Zulhafizsyam , Anal Ardzulyna , Idris Izazol
Published: April 2024

This concept paper discusses the importance of improving the operating guidelines of the Special Integration Education Program (PPKI) in Malaysia. By addressing current challenges and the effects of inadequate guidelines, this concept paper outlines the perspectives of Inclusive Special Education teachers for needed improvements. Through a qualitative research approach, including interviews, observations and focus group. The study will explore the potential impact of improved guidelines, barriers to implementing change, stakeholder adaptability, and the long-term sustainability of proposed improvements. Based on past research, best practices, theoretical frameworks and case studies, this research emphasizes the importance of refining professionalism training and fostering collaboration among stakeholders to effectively meet the needs of students with special educational needs (SEN). These findings underscore the importance of continued professional development for educators to navigate the complexities of special education. The proposals presented have the capacity to significantly influence program outcomes, paving the way for a more inclusive and equitable educational landscape for students with special educational needs in Malaysia. Stakeholders are urged to support better implementation of the guidelines to drive positive transformation in the special education sector, ultimately fostering a more supportive environment for all pupils with special educational needs.
FUNERAL PRACTICES OF THE MALAY ISLAMIC COMMUNITY IN SARAWAK: A COMPARISON OF CULTURE AND SYARAK LAW
Authors: Morni Fareiny , Hossen Rashinah , Panie Ratnawate , Bujang Fatimah
Published: April 2024

Communities in Sarawak consist of various ethnicities and races. Intermarriage among the different communities have resulted in the proliferation of customs, encouraging a diversity of cultures and traditions that may result in the combination of customs with Islamic law. Although there are various efforts made by the local religious institutions, there exist a mixture of cultural practices and traditions with Islamic law among the Muslim community in Malaysia. This mixture may introduce new practices that may not be in accordance to what is stated in Islamic law. Hence, it is important to distinguish practices that were derived from custom, culture and tradition against what is based on Islamic law. The objective of this study is to distinguish the Islamic practices involved in the burial process of Muslims in Sarawak. This study was conducted by segregating the practices required by religion and the practices adapted from customs, culture and traditions of the local community. This study uses an ethnographic approach that includes literature review, field research such as observations in cemeteries around Kuching and Samarahan, as well as interviews with religious groups and volunteers that participate in the burial process, and the general public. It was found that the burial process of the Malay Muslim community of Sarawak mixes cultural practices with Islamic law. Some improvement are suggested so that Muslim funeral practices can be aligned in accordance to the laws set by Islam.
AN ATYPICAL CASE OF BILATERAL CORNEAL OPACITY: WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE DIAGNOSIS?
Authors: Zarwan Jessica , Siregar Astrid Mariam Khairani , Pintary Marsha Rayfa , Widyawati Syska , Martha Faraby , Rhendy Rio
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Corneal opacity can be divided into inflammatory and noninflammatory entities. The clinical presentation and characteristics of a corneal opacity can often help reach a diagnosis. However, atypical cases are more challenging to diagnose. This report aims to explore an atypical case of corneal opacity and the diagnostic approach through its clinical presentation.
Case Report: A thirty-seven-year-old female patient had a chief complaint of gradual blurry vision in both eyes and slowly growing whitish lesions one year prior. The patient recalled a history of bilateral eye redness two years ago. The anterior segment examination and AS-OCT revealed bilateral, smooth, oedematous pearly-white elevated opacity with well-demarcated margins at the center of the cornea, with epithelial depth. The diagnosis of corneal keloid was favored, with GDLD and SND as the differential diagnosis. In local anesthesia, the patient underwent superficial keratectomy and amniotic membrane transplantation of the right eye. On one month follow-up, the patient felt an improvement in her subjective complaints with a normal appearance of the cornea.
Discussion: The atypical characteristics found in our case didn’t fit a single mold, as it shared features of post- injury hypertrophic scar, degenerative, and dystrophy. We diagnosed the patient with corneal keloid caused by suspicion of subclinical infection. Although GDLD and SND were still possible, the working diagnosis was enough to warrant a therapeutic surgical removal.
Conclusion: Atypical presentations make diagnosis more challenging. However, despite improvements in diagnostic modalities, signs, and symptoms remain very helpful in reaching a working diagnosis.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE SURVIVAL RATE IN EXTRAOCULAR RETINOBLASTOMA PATIENTS AT CIPTO MANGUNKUSUMO HOSPITAL : 2018
Authors: Aprina Dwie , Barliana Julie Dewi , Yulia Dian Estu , Sitorus Rita Sita
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Optimal therapeutic approach for extraocular retinoblastoma has not been determined. The prognosis of extraocular retinoblastoma compared with intraocular retinoblastoma remains relatively poor. The aim of our study is to describe the factors that influence the survival rate of extraocular retinoblastoma.
Methods: A retrospective study. Patients diagnosed with extraocular retinoblastoma in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, within 1 January to 31 December 2018 were reviewed for patient and tumor characteristic, ocular management, and patient survival.
Result: During the study period, a total of  80 patients were diagnosed with retinoblastoma in our center, 41.2% had an extra-ocular extension The mean age at diagnosis was 25.57 months, with 56.7% being males. Leukocoria is the initial sign most often noticed by parents. The median lag period was 12 months. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was performed in 96.7% of cases, that carried out an average of 3-4 cycles before enucleation/exenteration. At the end of September 2019, there were 17 deaths in our study. Overall survival was 19.82 months with a mean age of 27.6 months, whereas extraocular death time ranged from 4 months to 55 months. 
Conclusion: Death was more common in patients with age at first symptom less than 24 months, bilateral retinoblastoma, lag period more than 12 months, advanced stage (IVB) and delayed therapy after proptosis more than 3 months.
Politics, Lies, and Moral Exoticism. Re-Reading Hannah Arendt on the Crises of the Republic
Authors: Chmielewski Adam
Published: April 2024

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim of the article is a critical analysis of Han nah Arendt’s views on the role of truth in politics and their validity in the context of contemporary global politics.

THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The problem of the role of truth in politics has become increasingly relevant today due to the noticeable increase in political undertakings justified by false claims. In the article, the is sue is addressed by analyzing several such actions of global significance, among them the Vietnam War, the Iran‑Contra affair, and the US invasion of Iraq, as well as the public justifications for these actions formulated by the American administrations.

THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The argument proceeds from an analysis of the course of political and military events that led to the United States’ war against North Vietnam, as well as analogous processes preceding American military involvement in the Middle East and Central America. These analyses are subsequently confronted with Arendt’s statements regarding The Pentagon Papers.

RESEARCH RESULTS: While many of Arendt’s observations remain valid, there are significant differences between the factually unfounded justifications of political actions critically appraised by Arendt and those of contemporary policies. The differences are especially expressed in the frequency of the resort to false justifications in politics and the invoked doctrinal basis for them.

CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The overall analysis points to the growing significance of political aesthetics in contemporary politics: the art of political problem‑solving is increasingly replaced by the art of image building. The analysis of selected mendacious justifications in politics suggests also a paradox: excessive focus on the creation of a favourable image in politics, a prerequisite in democratic conditions, not infrequently brings about counterproductive results because political actions, if primarily trimmed for superficial public approval, tend to disappoint democrati cally formulated expectations.
Samorząd terytorialny jako instytucja naprawy demokracji we współczesnej polskiej myśli politycznej
Authors: Radomski Grzegorz
Published: April 2024

CEL NAUKOWY: Głównym celem jest analiza dyskursu dotyczącego wykorzystania instytucji samorządu terytorialnego do przezwyciężenia kryzysu demokracji. Cele szczegółowe to prezentacja propozycji dotyczących rozwoju samorządności w Polsce, a także przekształcenia Senatu w izbę samorządową.

PROBLEM I METODY BADAWCZE: Głównym problemem badawczym jest określenie miejsca i roli samorządu w polskim dyskursie publicznym po 1989 roku ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem okresu po 2015 roku. Podstawową metodą badawczą zastosowaną w tekście jest analiza treści. Jej uzupełnienie stanowią metoda instytucjonalna oraz komparatystyczna. W celu odpowiedzi na pytania badawcze przeanalizowano publicystykę, prasę oraz wypowiedzi medialne.

PROCES WYWODU: W rozważaniach wstępnych ukazano potencjalną rolę samorządu jako instytucji sprzyjającej poczuciu bezpieczeństwa obywatelskiego. W kolejnych fragmentach analizie poddano koncepcję demokratyzacji demokracji za pomocą samorządu oraz instytucjonalne projekty modyfikacji samorządu i zwiększenia jego roli poprzez przekształcenie Senatu w izbę samorządową. Zaprezentowano też krytyczny wobec instytucji samorządu dyskurs.

WYNIKI ANALIZY NAUKOWEJ: W artykule wykazano, iż samorząd odgrywa istotną rolę w projektach naprawy demokracji. Dostrzega się jego rolę wychowawczą, ekonomiczną. Istotną rolę odgrywa wymiar instytucjonalny. W tym ostatnim wypadku obok idei powołania izby samorządowej obecne są koncepcje wzmocnienia pozycji ustrojowej samorządu poprzez ograniczenie roli wojewódzkiej administracji państwowej. Nawet środowiska dostrzegające wady samorządności uznają rolę tej instytucji jako instrumentu naprawy demokracji.

WNIOSKI, INNOWACJE, REKOMENDACJE: W dyskursie publicznym w Polsce podkreśla się, iż samorząd terytorialny może odegrać rolę instytucji sprzyjającej partycypacji obywatelskiej, a tym samym znacząco przyczynić się do przezwyciężenia kryzysu demokracji. Rolę taką może odegrać tylko samorząd zreformowany. Wizje przekształceń tej instytucji przybierają jednak różne kształty.
The efficiency of eco-innovation activities in EU countries. The DEA approach
Authors: Rosiek Janusz
Published: April 2024

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES: Innovation is a significant factor in socio-economic development, and it is principal in achieving a competitive advantage among enterprises, regions, and countries. The purposes of this paper are: (1) to present, on the basis of the available literature, the essence and metrics of eco-innovation activities in EU countries, (2) to analyze the effectiveness of eco-innovation activities in EU countries using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method.

THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The research primarily focuses on a review of the recent literature and an analysis of the efficiency of eco-innovation activity using the DEA method. The empirical analysis is based on the Eco-innovation Scoreboard.

THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The analysis mainly determines the efficiency of eco-innovation. The theoretical basis for the considerations is a diagnosis of the existing state of eco-innovation in EU countries.

RESEARCH RESULTS: The results illustrate the efficiency of eco-innovation activity in some EU countries against the backdrop of other EU countries. The analysis of eco-innovation activities and strategies to support them in the EU countries presented in this study is based on a diagnosis of the current state of their economies in this area using the methods of DEA and literature review. The results of this research enable us to draw concrete conclusions on the efficiency of eco-innovation activities.

CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The results of the Eco-innovation Scoreboard for these countries illustrate an inefficient use of materials, water and energy resources, as well as low resource productivity. The gaps in this scope between Central-Eastern and Western EU countries are diminishing, but there are still institutional, legislative, and economic shortcomings in eco-innovation that should be addressed. The analysis indicates the level of eco-innovation development in EU countries, its efficiency, and the potential for supporting activity in this field by these countries.
Selective knowledge concealment – the influence of culture and mental models vs. the ability to share knowledge
Authors: Małecka Joanna , Kharabsheh Radwan
Published: April 2024

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: Knowledge management (KM) issues support the possibility of achieving competitive advantage. However, it is not a simple process, as knowledge sharing does not come naturally. Hence, there is a need for research on individual, team and organisational antecedents using a wider range of methods. Investigating the causes of selective knowledge concealment is the main objective of the article, as well as the impact of organisational culture and the determinants of knowledge concealment or sharing by employees.
THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: Individual in-depth interviews were conducted with managers and employees to collect empirical data, while thematic content analysis was used to analyse the collected data and draw conclusions.
THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: Perceptions of the world and of organisations are shared by people from a given environment. Mental models take into account the multifaceted nature of the phenomena under study: perception, focus and experience. The beliefs held by employees are important because they imply management actions at all levels: tactical, operational and strategic.
RESEARCH RESULTS: Employees do not hide their knowledge automatically but selectively. They subliminally assess the value of the knowledge sought, the value of the seeker, the immediate situation and wider contextual and organisational factors. Interestingly, respondents surveyed were more likely to share knowledge with foreign colleagues from a different national culture than with colleagues of the same nationality and cultural background.
CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: A number of recommendations of an applied nature were presented in the article. It is important to create a common willingness to share knowledge among employees. A skilful increase in social capital should foster a decrease in the concealment of valuable knowledge and at the same time increase the extent of sharing. An efficient reward system, individually designed for the needs of the organisation, could support this process.
Worldviews and Religious Education. Modelling a fairly New Relationship
Authors: Riegel Ulrich
Published: April 2024

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: This paper raises the question of how religious education may address the variety of worldviews.

THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The concept of worldview seems to be able to reconcile religious education with a society that is both secular and religiously plural. Such education, however, is defined by its focus on religion. Even when religion is seen as sub-category of worldview, religious education still does not include secular worldviews.

THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: It therefore first clarifies the concept of worldview by relating it to the German term of “Weltanschauung”. Worldviews represent a comprehensive perspective on the world that originates from an individual’s aesthetic and intuitive understanding of daily life and gives meaning to this life. Then, it delineates the basic didactic characteristics of three models of religious education, namely the denominational, the pluralist-informative, and the interpretative-dialogical models. Based on these models, the paper finally discusses the challenges and obstacles of religious education which attempts to address the plurality of worldviews.

RESEARCH RESULTS: The analysis shows that none of the models is able to comprehensively grasp this plurality. The advantages and disadvantages of each of the three models, however, indicate that the main tasks of worldview-conscious religious education are to clarify the constitutive rationality of worldviews and to find a balanced representation of both organized and personal worldviews via classroom interaction.

CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The realization of these tasks is basically the job of the teacher and does not at all depend on the model of religious education itself.
Miejsce polityki na mapie ludzkiego doświadczenia w ujęciu Michaela Oakeshotta
Authors: Nowak Leszek
Published: April 2024

CEL NAUKOWY: Celem artykułu jest analiza miejsca polityki na mapie ludzkiego doświadczenia w filozofii politycznej Michaela Oakeshotta.

PROBLEM I METODY BADAWCZE: Problem, jakie miejsce polityka zajmuje i powinna zajmować w ludzkim życiu, należy do najważniejszych zagadnień myśli politycznej. W artykule przedstawiam interpretację stanowiska Michaela Oakeshotta w tej sprawie. Próbuję zrozumieć, dlaczego jego zdaniem polityka ma relatywnie małe znaczenie w ludzkim doświadczeniu. Co do metody, artykuł został napisany w duchu tradycji hermeneutycznej.

PROCES WYWODU: Staram się najpierw odpowiedzieć na pytanie, w jaki sposób Oakeshott rozumiał pojęcie doświadczenia. Następnie dowodzę, że funkcja, jaką przypisywał polityce, związana jest z umieszczeniem jej w praktycznej modalności ludzkiego doświadczenia. W kolejnym kroku próbuję odpowiedzieć na pytanie o funkcje polityki w ludzkim życiu. Na koniec wreszcie udzielam odpowiedzi na pytania, w obrębie jakich tradycji myślenia o polityce można umieścić pogląd Oakeshotta i na czym polega specyfika jego stanowiska.

WYNIKI ANALIZY NAUKOWEJ: Argumentacja Oakeshotta stanowi przekonującą krytykę stanowisk przypisujących zbyt dużą rolę polityce w ludzkim doświadczeniu. Jego wnioski są ważnym głosem w sporze o rolę polityki, stanowiąc fundamentalną krytykę ideologii dążących do przekształcenia ludzkiego życia przy użyciu narzędzi politycznych, ale także bardziej godnych szacunku stanowisk politycznych głoszących pogląd, że polityka powinna być treścią dobrego życia.

WNIOSKI, INNOWACJE, REKOMENDACJE: Wnioski wypływające z analizy mogą służyć przede wszystkim zmianie sposobu myślenia o analizowanej tematyce.
Człowiek jako „zwierzę polityczne”? „Indywidualiści” przeciwko „republikanizmowi”
Authors: Szlachta Bogdan
Published: April 2024

CEL NAUKOWY: Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie dwóch sposobów pojmowania człowieka dominujących w zachodniej myśli politycznej: liberalnego i republikańskiego.

PROBLEM I METODY BADAWCZE: W artykule postawiono następujące pytania: Jaka jest istota podejścia republikańskiego, wywodzonego zwłaszcza z rozważań Arystotelesa? Czy „natura gatunkowa” skłania go do życia w grupach społecznych, szczególnie w doskonałej, bo samowystarczalnej wspólnocie państwowej? Czy moment polityczny dopełnia jedynie „naturalny” moment społeczności człowieka? Jaka jest istota podejścia liberalnego, które od XVII w. „konkuruje” z podejściem republikańskim? Czy człowiek zyskał inne charakterystyki, niż przydawano mu ongiś? Czy wpierw tworzy on – jak u Hobbesa – państwo jako instancję nadającą mu walor polityczny, która umożliwia mu dopiero tworzenie grup społecznych? Czy raczej – jak u Locke’a – ustanawia on zbiorowość, by ta chroniła posiadane przez niego uprawnienia przyrodzone, i nadaje jej walor polityczny?

PROCES WYWODU: Zaprezentowano istoty obu podejść oraz dokonano krytycznej analizy argumentów podnoszonych przez ich zwolenników. Oba podejścia zostały następnie odniesione do współczesnych debat dotyczących społeczeństw wielokulturowych realizujących projekt demokracji liberalnej.

WYNIKI ANALIZY NAUKOWEJ: Przedstawione w tekście wywody uka zują napięcia nie tylko między podejściami republikańskim (w pewnym zakresie bliskim także katolickiej nauce społecznej) i liberalnym, ale także między różny mi ujęciami właściwymi drugiemu z nich. Każde z tych napięć rzutuje na współczesne sposoby prezentowania rozwiązań odnoszących się do społeczeństw wielokulturowych. Oddziałują na nie również odmienne antropologie obierane przez zwolenników każdego z tych podejść i każdej z ich odmian.

WNIOSKI, INNOWACJE, REKOMENDACJE: Analizowane napięcia są wciąż aktualne we współczesnej refleksji nad człowiekiem (jednostką, pod miotem, osobą ludzką) pozostającym w relacji z innymi ludźmi (jednostkami etc.). Ujawniają się one również w rozważaniach o powinnościach ciążących na podmiocie/osobie w zestawieniu z zyskującym na znaczeniu konsekwencjalistycznym ujęciem utylitarystycznym.
Rządy prawa czy rządy ludzi? Władza i prawo w sporze o „praworządność”
Authors: Krasnodębski Zdzisław
Published: April 2024

CEL NAUKOWY: Analiza używanych w dyskursie politycznym pojęć, często redukowanych do sloganów, takich jak rule of law, „konstytucjonalizm”, „demo kracja”. Refleksja nad relacją między rządami prawa a władzą polityczną i jej swoistością w demokracji. Wskazanie na ewolucję pojęcia konstytucji oraz na konstytucjonalizm jako szeroką filozofię polityczną. Zastosowanie tej analizy do polityki UE oraz sporu na linii Polska – Unia Europejska na temat praworządności.

PROBLEM I METODY BADAWCZE: Analiza pojęciowa, rozważania teo retyczne z elementami historycznymi.

PROCES WYWODU: Artykuł przechodzi od krótkiej prezentacji znaczenia „praworządności” – rule of law – w obecnej polityce i retoryce UE do kwestii politycznej natury konfliktu między Komisją Europejską a Polską i Węgrami, by następnie podjąć ogólny problem związku między władzą polityczną i prawem w demokracji oraz toczących się dyskusji naukowych na ten temat. W dalszych krokach przedstawia główne argumenty przeciw „konstytucjonalizmowi” jako filozofii politycznej i odnosi je do Unii Europejskiej, a w szczególności do sporu z Polską. Na zakończenie przedstawia zmianę dyskursu w Polsce po wyborach parlamentarnych 2023 roku.

WYNIKI ANALIZY NAUKOWEJ: Ujawnienie płytkości obecnego dys kursu politycznego w UE i w Polsce oraz wykazanie, jak trudny i głęboki jest problem relacji między demokracją a władzą większości parlamentarnej, przy krywany sloganem „rządy prawa”. Sugerowane cytowanie: Krasnodębski, Z. (2024). Rządy prawa czy rządy ludzi? Władza i prawo w sporze o „praworządność”.

WNIOSKI, INNOWACJE, REKOMENDACJE: Wniosek dotyczący UE – swoista konstytucjonalizacja Unii odbywa się kosztem demokracji w państwach członkowskich, ale jednocześnie prowadzi do wzmocnienia władzy politycznej Komisji Europejskiej. Wniosek dotyczący Polski: o ile możemy mówić o zwy cięstwie „konstytucjonalizmu” unijnego w Polsce po ostatnich wyborach, o tyle na poziomie krajowym mamy do czynienia z „demokracją majorytarną”, z bez względną przewagą władzy politycznej nad prawem, umożliwiającą jego igno rowanie lub nawet działanie wbrew niemu.
New Onset Pancytopenia in Adults: Clinico-etiological Profile at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Ama tul Naval  , Naz Sehrish , Tariq Nehaj , Majeed Shameela , Naeem Nabeela , Orakzai Gulmina Saeed
Published: April 2024

Objective: To evaluate and compare common disorders leading to new onset pancytopenia among both genders.

Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Pathology at Watim Medical College and Watim General Hospital, Rawat, from November 2020 to November 2021.A total of 98 adult patients with persistent pancytopenia for one week who gave consent for bone marrow aspiration and a trephine biopsy were selected. A blood-complete picture with peripheral smears along with bone marrow aspiration biopsy were done. Trephine needle biopsy and cytochemical staining were performed when required.

Results: There were 44 males and 54 female patients. The mean age was 43.49 ±19 years. Common presenting complaints were pallor (82.6%), weakness (63.2%), petechial haemorrhages (45.9%) and fever (23.5%). The hemoglobin value, white blood cell count and platelet count were 6.5± 1.65 g/dl, 3.20 ±1.43 x 109/L and 55.21 ±28.01 x 109/L respectively. Major causes were megaloblastic anemia with female predominance (S.D: 0.003) in 43.8% patients, aplastic anemia with male predominance (S.D:0.001) in 17.3%, portal hypertension induced splenomegaly in 13.2%, infectious diseases in 7%, leukemias in 5.1% and Myelodysplastic syndromes in 3.1%.

Conclusion: Megaloblastic anaemia is the major cause of pancytopenia in females and aplastic anemia in male pancytopenic patients.