bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kołchoźnicy. Antropologiczne studium tożsamości wsi białoruskiej przełomu XX i XXI wieku
Authors: Engelking Anna
Published: November 2024

Przedmiotem książki nie jest ani sowietyzacja wsi białoruskiej, ani tez specyfikacja poskomunistycznej mentalności - choć można ją uważać za pracę sowietologiczną. „Kołchoźnicy” to analiza antropologiczna, dekonstruująca potoczny stereotyp kołchozu jako instytucji nieodłącznej od fenomenu homo sovieticus. Daje ona wgląd w długie trwanie konstytutywnych dla tożsamości współczesnych kołchoźników tradycyjnych kategorii kognitywnych i aksjologicznych, jakie przetrwały XX-wieczne paroksyzmy destrukcji: kolektywizację, ateizację, wojnę i Zagładę. Autorka „Kołchoźników” nie opisuje białoruskiej wsi z perspektywy gabinetowej. Jej interpretacja jest plonem kilkunastu lat badań terenowych, prowadzonych we wsiach chłopskich i okolicach szlacheckich na zachodniej i wschodniej Białorusi. W efekcie powstał złożony i zróżnicowany zbiorowy autoportret ich mieszkańców, rekonstruowany z perspektywy wnętrza badanej kultury, w dialogu z rozmówcami. Celem antropologicznych dociekać autorki jest bowiem zrozumienie, kim są białoruscy kołchoźnicy we własnych oczach. Rdzeń wizerunku własnego kołchoźników, wpisanego w ich narrację tożsamościową, to zrealizowany dzięki pracy na ziemi sakralny wzór dobrego gospodarza. Ich wspólnotowa tożsamość jest zaś wypadkową funkcjonujących w zbiorowej wyobraźni stereotypów pana i Żyda - dwóch historycznych i symbolicznych partnerów społecznych tradycyjnego chłopa. Zbiorowa tożsamość wsi białoruskiej w jej dzisiejszym wariancie kołchoźniczym okazuje się chłopską tożsamością postpańszczyźnianą, która nosi w sobie ślady dawnej stanowej struktury społecznej i jest nierozerwalnie związana ze światopoglądem mitycznym. Pozostając obojętna na nowoczesne projekty ideologiczne i polityczne, zachowując wymiar uniwersalistyczny, skoncentrowany wokół relacji człowieka z sacrum.
Gotyk bez Boga? W kręgu znaczeń symbolicznych architektury sakralnej XIX wieku
Authors: Bałus Wojciech
Published: November 2024

Jeszcze do niedawna sztukę sakralną XIX wieku uważano za wytwór niższej kategorii, pozbawiony większej wartości artystycznej i treściowej głębi. Książka stara się pokazać, że było wręcz przeciwnie, że mianowicie architekturze kościelnej w epoce historyzmu przypisywano znaczenia symboliczne niemniej poważne niż w czasach wcześniejszych. Po upadku witruwianizmu jako obowiązującej wykładni budownictwa, co nastąpiło w drugiej połowie XVIII stulecia, na nowo zdefiniowano podstawy architektury, wskazując na rolę charakteru i „mówiącej" formy. Na tej podstawie skonstruowano koncepcję znaczenia stylów historycznych, rozwijaną w kręgu wszystkich konfesji chrześcijańskich. Natomiast w obrębie katolicyzmu sięgać zaczęto do średniowiecznych traktatów teologicznych i liturgicznych, odnajdując w nich podstawy dla symbolicznej wykładni całego budynku kościelnego, jego części i zdobiących go dekoracji. W książce zanalizowano zapomniane i nieprzywoływane od końca XIX wieku teksty rozpraw na temat symbolicznej wymowy świątyń katolickich, pochodzące z Francji, Niemiec, Polski i częściowo Wielkiej Brytanii. Dokonano też próby interpretacji owego materiału w kontekście fundamentalnych pojęć takich jak styl, sacrum i reprezentacja.
“Principium Omnis Creaturae”
Authors: Parente Matteo
Published: November 2024

At the crossroads of a complex texture of neoplatonic and peripatetic contaminations, in Aquinas’ Super Epistolam ad Colossenses Lectura, the mediaeval doctrine of divine ideas comes across to the historian as a crucial element in the theological definition of the intra-trinitarian relationship between the Father and the Son as well as of the dependence of creatures on Divine Wisdom. The paper aims to outline how the critique of many platonic positions blending with the recovery of Proclian axioms within a creationist frame provides Aquinas with an explicative model capable of describing in semantic terms not only the notion of divine Word, but also the causal bond between creatures and their creator.
Ad sensum czy ad verbum? Akwinata wobec trudności tekstualnych w egzegezie biblijnej
Authors: Roszak Piotr
Published: November 2024

Charakterystyczną cechą egzegezy biblijnej Tomasza z Akwinu jest odwoływanie się do wielu wariantów tekstów Pisma Świętego. Wbrew obiegowym opiniom, Akwinata nie opiera się jedynie na jednym tekście (np. Wulgaty), ale zestawia ze sobą różne tłumaczenia i stara się w ten sposób odpowiadać na trudności wynikające z lektury tekstu biblijnego. Czasami jednak nie tyle zestawia kilka możliwych opcji interpretacyjnych, co wprost wybiera najlepszą. Widać w tym u niego staranie, aby dotrzeć nie tyle do odczytania samego brzmienia słów, co do sensu jaki zamierzył autor Pisma. W ten sposób ujawnia się jego rozumienie Objawienia, którego świadectwem jest Pismo Święte. Artykuł przedstawia najpierw podejście Akwinaty do tekstu biblijnego, widoczne w stosowanych przez niego procedurach egzegetycznych, gdy podkreśla braki w tekście lub możliwe inne lektury danego passusu, często sięgając do Ojców Kościoła, zwłaszcza za pośrednictwem Glossy, aby tam szukać wyjaśnień wątpliwości. Następnie zostaną przeanalizowane sytuacje, gdy Akwinata zgłasza różnice tekstualne (obiectio litteralis) i sam ustanawia gradację proponowanych rozwiązań, wskazując tym samym na kryterium ich wyboru
Zbigniewa Herberta zmagania ze świętym Augustynem
Authors: Adamiak Stanisław
Published: November 2024

Artykuł analizuje wydany pośmiertnie wiersz Zbigniewa Herberta: Contra Augustinum pontificem in Terra Nubica peccatorem in Purgatorio. Pokazuje, że chociaż poeta nie był zbyt dobrze zorientowany w teologii Augustyna, słusznie uchwycił implikacje niektórych jego idei (w tym słynnego „kochaj i rób, co chcesz”) jako usprawiedliwiających użycie przemocy w konfliktach religijnych. Fakt ten napełniał Herberta przerażeniem, co pokazał dużo wcześniej w swoim eseju na temat historii albigensów.
Retoryczna inwencja argumentu w Liście Judy 5-10
Authors: Muszytowska Dorota
Published: November 2024

Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu wykazanie retorycznego statusu sprawy oraz inwencji stojącej za jednym z dowodów (ww. 5-10) w argumentacji perswazyjnej Listu Judy.
Specyficzna logiczna konstrukcja tego dowodu sugeruje skomplikowany status podjętej przez autora kwestii. Analiza struktury retorycznej tego dowodu oraz ocena jego głównych cech perswazyjnych prowadzą do wniosków wskazujących na cel tego dowodzenia – przygotowanie odbiorców do dokonania właściwego wyboru, pouczenia czym jest bezbożność i jak się przejawia oraz wyjaśniają złożony stan sprawy (domniemanie, definicja, ocena wartości).
An Analysis of Prohibitions Related to Coil Sewing and Weaving Works in South Wollo, Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfayu Berhanu Bogale
Published: November 2024

The main purpose of this study is to examine the prohibitions related to coil sewing and weaving in South Wollo. The primary reasons for the study are its limitations in this regard, the existence of benefits, and practical problems. The type of study is qualitative, and the approach is ethnographic. The study found that while prohibition discourses are generally carried out with good intentions, they play both a negative and a positive role. Prohibitions play a major role in teaching and maintaining the existing customs of society. Psychologically, the study indicated that they have the role of protecting the speakers and society from threats, and fear. In terms of the economy, the fact that they hurt economic income by opposing the desire to change, the freedom of work, and choice are themes that are mentioned negatively. The study shows that the prohibitions are based on words, actions, contexts, and actual events, and their representation is mostly symbolic and logical. In a nutshell, it is suggested by the researcher that it is possible to create strategies that can be changed into positive ideas in a community-oriented manner and that continuous research should be conducted in this regard.
Wilki i ludzie w polsko-rusińskich bajkach ludowych. Ujęcie perspektywistyczne
Authors: Filipowicz Anna
Published: November 2024

Dzisiejsza antropologia kultury, świadoma skali nadużyć wynikających z zachodniego rozumienia relacji człowiek–natura, zwraca się ku wiedzy rdzennych społeczności. Odnajduje w nich modele inkluzywnego „bycia w świecie”, które pojmuje się jako system wzajemnych zależności i wspólną własność ludzi i zwierząt, w tym konkurencyjnych dla człowieka drapieżników (wilki). W przedchrześcijańskich tradycjach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej, włączając w to zwłaszcza rodzimą kulturę ludową, także zachowały się nieantropocentryczne reprezentacje relacji ludzi i wilków, uwidocznione w niektórych bajkach zwierzęcych i magicznych. Poruszają one problem wzajemnego współistnienia ludzkich i nie-ludzkich bytów oraz wynikających z tego dla człowieka etycznych zobowiązań, bliskich współczesnym postulatom ekologicznym.
Konteksty i kierunki XXI-wiecznych anglojęzycznych badań nad literacką fantastyką young adult prowadzonych z perspektywy feministycznej
Authors: Kostecka Weronika
Published: November 2024

Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie anglojęzycznych badań nad literacką fantastyką YA prowadzonych z perspektywy feministycznej. Autorka zakłada, że literatura YA ma swój udział w kształtowaniu społeczno-kulturowych konstruktów dziewczęcości i kobiecości, krytyka feministyczna zaś pozwala opisać i zrewidować mechanizmy oraz przekonania fundujące to literackie oddziaływanie. Przegląd obejmuje badania XXI-wieczne, a więc nawiązujące do takich zjawisk i koncepcji z zakresu feminizmu oraz literatury fantastycznej dla młodych dorosłych, które są stosunkowo nowe lub zyskały na znaczeniu w ostatnich dwóch dekadach. Jako że fantastyka stanowi element pejzażu współczesnej kultury popularnej, prezentacja badań rozpoczyna się od zrekapitulowania kilku refleksji na temat tej ostatniej. Następnie w ramach kontekstu dla kolejnej części zarysowano tendencje w anglojęzycznych badaniach feministycznych nad literaturą dla młodych ludzi. Wreszcie zaprezentowano kierunki rozważań nad literacką fantastyką YA prowadzonych z perspektywy feministycznej, obejmujące: postfeminizm, czwartą falę feminizmu oraz feminizm posthumanistyczny. Cechą charakterystyczną dla omówionych badań okazało się rozpatrywanie fantastyki YA jako diagnozy rzeczywistości oraz poszukiwanie z jednej strony misyjnego charakteru utworów, z drugiej zaś ich szkodliwych społecznie aspektów.
Analiza dyskursów środowiskowych w Dolinie Biebrzy: w stronę ekologizacji antropologii
Authors: Kozhevnikova Magdalena
Published: November 2024

W Dolinie Biebrzy występuje wiele różnych dyskursów o środowisku, jak również konfliktów związanych z odmiennym postrzeganiem relacji przyrody i człowieka. Dominujące są dwa: dyskurs prowadzony przez pracowników i ekspertów Parku Narodowego („instytucjonalny”) i dyskurs niezadowolonych mieszkańców („rolniczy”). Tylko pozornie mówią o tej samej wodzie, w rzeczywistości w każdej z tych narracji woda ma inne znaczenie i wartość, zarówno materialną, jak i emocjonalną. Autorka dokonuje przeglądu i analizy sprzecznych stanowisk, przy czym odchodzi od tradycyjnego dla etnografii relatywizmu wiedzy i opowiada się po stronie ekologicznej wiedzy eksperckiej, jako tej, która daje największe szanse na odwrócenie katastrofalnych trendów antropocenu.
Director Liability Protection and the Quality of Independent Directors
Authors: Masulis Ronald W. , Shen Sichen , Zou Hong
Published: November 2024

We study whether legal liability protection helps companies to recruit and retain high-quality independent directors. We conduct difference-in-differences analyses exploiting the 1999 Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals Ruling on the Silicon Graphics case, which substantially raised the bar for filing securities class action (SCA) lawsuits as a shock. We document supporting evidence for the talent attraction hypothesis by showing improvements in newly recruited independent director quality following the ruling, but only for candidates who are previously not exposed to SCA litigation risk. The effects are stronger for firms facing greater litigation risk ex ante or smaller local supplies of director candidates. Results are more evident for experience-based quality dimensions. We also analyze a sample of voluntary independent director departures and find little support for the talent retention hypothesis, suggesting that more complex factors enter into a director’s continuation decision once a director is already exposed to SCA litigation risk. A policy implication is that liability protection can be useful in attracting more unexposed high-quality candidates to the pool of public boards but does little to attract high-quality candidates who are already in the pool of public firms.

This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.

Funding: H. Zou acknowledges the financial support from a competitive General Research Fund (GRF) grant from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China [Project No. HKU 17513816]. S. Shen acknowledges the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72202164 and 72332003]. The work was partially carried out while R. W. Masulis visited the University of Hong Kong as an FBE visiting researcher, and he thanks the Faculty of Business and Economics of the University of Hong Kong for its sponsorship.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2020.03743 .
Robustifying Conditional Portfolio Decisions via Optimal Transport
Authors: Nguyen Viet Anh , Zhang Fan , Wang Shanshan , Blanchet José , Delage Erick , Ye Yinyu
Published: November 2024

We propose a data-driven portfolio selection model that integrates side information, conditional estimation, and robustness using the framework of distributionally robust optimization. Conditioning on the observed side information, the portfolio manager solves an allocation problem that minimizes the worst-case conditional risk-return tradeoff, subject to all possible perturbations of the covariate-return probability distribution in an optimal transport ambiguity set. Despite the nonlinearity of the objective function in the probability measure, we show that the distributionally robust portfolio allocation with a side information problem can be reformulated as a finite-dimensional optimization problem. If portfolio decisions are made based on either the mean-variance or the mean-conditional value-at-risk criterion, the reformulation can be further simplified to second-order or semidefinite cone programs. Empirical studies in the U.S. equity market demonstrate the advantage of our integrative framework against other benchmarks.

Funding: The material in this paper is based on work supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research [Award FA9550-20-1-0397]. Additional support is gratefully acknowledged from the National Science Foundation [Grants 1915967, 1820942, and 1838676], the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [Grant RGPIN-2016-05208], and the China Merchant Bank. V. A. Nguyen gratefully acknowledges the generous support from the Chinese University of Hong Kong [Improvement on Competitiveness in Hiring New Faculties Funding Scheme] and the Chinese University of Hong Kong [Direct Grant 4055191]. S. Wang is partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72371022]. Finally, this research was enabled in part by support provided by Compute Canada.

Supplemental Material: The computer code and data that support the findings of this study and the online appendix are available within this article’s supplemental material at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2021.0243 .
Disagreement Predicts Startup Success: Evidence from Venture Competitions
Authors: Gius Luca
Published: November 2024

This paper examines the relationship between disagreement surrounding a startup proposition and its future success. I find that the more venture competition judges disagree on the quality of a startup, the more likely the startup is to succeed, particularly when its proposition is unique. To explain this correlation, I build on the notion that (i) entrepreneurs pursue opportunities based on their subjective beliefs and (ii) common opinion alone cannot be a source of competitive advantage. Therefore, value is disproportionately created and captured by founders with unconventional ideas that spark disagreement, and potential investors should harness disagreement as a predictor of success. I leverage data from 67 venture competitions to show that the empirical implications of this theoretical framework are supported by the data, whereas alternative explanations (e.g., that judges disagree more about risky ventures) are not. Additionally, I provide insights into which evaluators tend to disagree more often (e.g., former entrepreneurs) and which aspects of a startup (e.g., business model) are most polarizing. This work has broad implications for investors and institutions that strive to evaluate the potential of startup ideas.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/stsc.2024.0169 .
Crohn's disease confined to the esophagus, with no involvement of the small or large bowel
Authors: Karam Karam , Fahmi Helena , Bchara Simon , Mrad Jamil , Nader Anwar Andrew , Fiani Elias
Published: November 2024

Crohn's disease (CD) is a transmural inflammatory process that can affect any segment of the gastrointestinal tract. CD has a predilection for the colon and the small bowel, specifically the terminal ileum. Esophageal involvement of CD is exceedingly rare and there is a paucity of data regarding the disease phenotypes, course, complications and treatment. We report a case of an 18-year-old male patient presenting for intermittent dysphagia and epigastric pain. Upper endoscopy revealed esophageal ulcers in the middle esophagus surrounded by normal esophageal mucosa. Biopsies were taken from the ulcerated lesions. Histology revealed granulomatous esophagitis. The stomach and duodenum were unremarkable. An ileo-colonoscopy was performed and showed unremarkable mucosa with normal biopsies. The patient was started on proton pump inhibitors and prednisolone as induction therapy with significant symptomatic improvement within 15 days of therapy. The patient was then started on azathioprine 150 mg once daily as maintenance therapy with complete resolution of symptoms. Esophageal CD is an overlooked entity. This article underscores the need to rule out CD when physicians are confronted by esophageal ulcers on upper endoscopy.
The Experience of Families with Psychiatric Patients : A Grounded Theory Approach
Authors: Bai Jeung Iee
Published: November 2024

The Purpose of this study was to build a substantive theory about the experience of families withpsychiatric patients. The qualitative research method used was grounded theory. The interviewees were seven families with psychiatric patients. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with audiotape recording done by the investigator over a period of ten months.The data were analyzed simultaneously by a constant comparative method in which new data were continuously coded into categories and properties according to Strauss and Corbin's methodology.Analysis the grounded data resulted in 152 concepts being identified. Fifteen categories emerged from the analysis. The categories were the fall in mental health illness, heavy in the chest, burden, loss, caring for the patient, hate for patient, lack of knowledge and information, lack of effort. lack of social support, lack of family support, lack of medical support, pursuit, discover of valuing, compliance and abandonment.These substantive categories are consistent with previous research results.Causal conditions included : the fall in mental health illness. Phenomena : heavy in the chest, burden, loss. Intervention condition knowledge and information about mental health illness, effort, support. Action/ interaction strategies : desire for knowledge and information, support, effort and liberation. Consequences : discover of valuing, compliance and abandonment. These categories were synthesized into the core concept-burden.The process of discover of valuing was proceeded by caring for the psychiatric patient. hate for the psychiatric patient, knewledge and information, social support, family support, medical support, discover of valuing, heavy in the chest, loss.This study will prove helpful understanding families with psychiatric patients.
A Study on Self-esteem, Depression, Anxiety, and Discomfort of Daily Life due to Urinary Incontinence in Women
Authors: Kim Hyun Sook
Published: November 2024

The Purpose of this study was to explore the relating factors. self-esteem, depression, anxiety. and discomfort of daily life due to urinary incontinence in women. The subjects were 199 women in the age 30-65 years old.The data were collected from September to October in 1999 with interview using structured questionnaire composing of items of general characteristics, obstetric characteristics, situation of experiencing urinary incontinence, discomfort due to urinary incontinence, Rogenberg's Self-esteem scale, Zung's Self-rating Depression scale, and Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.The data were analysed using SPSS Win 8.0 program: Cronbachs a, frequency, percentage, ANOVA, Pearson's coefficient correlation.The results of this study were as follows :1) The relating factors due to urinary incontinence were age, education, obesity, number of delivery, age of last delivery, delivery type.2) Psychological factors(self-esteem, depression, anxiety) were significantly different according to respondent's characteristics(age, degree of education, religion, menstruation regularity).3) There were positive correlations between frequency of urinary incontinence and discomfort of daily life(r=.387, p=.000). depression (r= 320. p=.000), anxietyr=.255, p.000). But there was negative correlation between frequency of urinary incontinence and self-esteem (r=- 229. p=.001).4) Discomfort, depression, and anxiety were significantly different according to severity of urinary incontinence. But self-esteem was not significantly different.In conclusion, as urinary incontinence in women proved severe health problem, health care providers need to develop and provide nursing intervention of urinary incontinence such as pelvic muscle exercise, biofeedback. encourage of self-esteem, anxiety & depression management program.
A Study on the Relationship between Optimism and Depression in Chronic Low-Back Pain Patients
Authors: Park Hyun Sook , Son Jung Tae
Published: November 2024

This study was conducted using a descriptive correlational survey design to identify how the patients with chronic low-back pain perceived depression and to examine the relationship between optimism and depression.The participants of the study were 116 patients with chronic low-back pain patient who were having follow-up treatment in a local pain clinic, located in Daegu. A structured questionnaire was filled out participants themselves and the structured interview was given during January and February, 2000.The data collection instrument were Scheier & Carver's Life Orientation Test(1985) and Beck's Depression Inventory (1983). The data collected were analysed using mean. S.D., t-test, F-test, Duncan test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Multiple regression, aided with SAS.The results were as follows:1. For the depression regarding demographic characteristics, there were significant differences in age, sex, marriage status, educational level. spouse and extended family, job. and care money giver.2. For the depression regarding pain characteristics, there were significant differences in additional pain with low-back pain, pain degree, and daily activity impediment.3. Mean of respondents' perceived optimism marks was 26.12±4.56.4. Mean of respondents' perceived depression marks was 17.53±8.76.5. There was significant negative correlation between optimism and depression(r=-0.6082, p= .0001).6. Optimism was the highest factor predicting depression of the patients with chronic low-back pain (R2=0.3699).
The Effects of Group Smoking Cessation Program on the Smoking Cessation Behavior, Stress, Depression, Self-esteem, and Assertive Behavior
Authors: Kim Soyaja , Nam Kyoung Ah , Seo Mi A , Park Jung Hwa
Published: November 2024

The major purpose of this study was to examine effects of the group smoking cessation program on the smoking cessation behavior. stress, depression, self-esteem, and assertive behavior.The study sample consisted of 25 high-school students, and they were exposed to the smoking cessation program. The major contents of the smoking cessation program included value perspectives auction game, group discussion and video on smoking hazards, positive reinforcement, learning and practicing stress reduction strategies, and assertive training etc., and they were given 9 sessions, twice a week.The instruments used for the study were Fagerstrom Tolerence Questionnaire (Fagerstrom. 1978), Lee's stress inventory, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depressed Mood Scale (CES-D), Coopersmith's Self-esteem Inventory, and Rathus assertive behavior scale.The data were collected from October 25 to November 22, 1999, and were analysed by frequency, and paired t-test. The results were as follows.1. The scores of nicotine dependency(t=1.825. p=.080). stress(t=.564, p=.578), and depression (t=.374, p=.712) were decreased over time, however they were not statistically significant.2. The score of self-esteem(t=-.385. p= 704) and assertive behavior (t=-.107, p=.916) were increased over time, however they were not statistically significant.Although the effects of group smoking cessation program on nicotine dependency, stress, depression, self-esteem and assertive behaviors was not statistically significant, most students reported that they exerted to change smoking behaviors over time. and made effort to stop smoking. These findings are very meaningful, because they showed no intention to stop smoking at the early stage of the program.Therefore tailoring interventions to participants' motivation level must be developed to reduce adolescents smoking behavior.
Daily Life Stress and Coping Strategies of Chronic Mentally Ill in Vocational Rehabilitation Program
Authors: Noh Choon Hee
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate the daily life stress and coping strategies of chronic mentally ill. The subjects were 235 chronic mentally ill who were enrolled in the vacational program of the community mental health center in various nationwide settings. Data collection was done using DSI and F-COPES inventory ere carried out from 2000 Aug. to 2001 Feb. Data was analyzed by SAS-Win. The results revealed the following：1. The higher score items of daily life stress were 'exposed to feared situation or object' 'someone spoiled your completed task', the lower were 'spoke or performed in public’ 'interrupted while taiking’’bad weather’.2. The coping strategies often utilized by these chronic mentally ill were 'mobilizing to acquire and accept help’. reframing 'seeking spiritual support' which are considered active coping strategy.3. Daily life stress showed significant difference by psychiatric diagnosis(F = 6.333, P=.000), an coping strategy showed significant difference by religion(F = 8.619, P= .000), and psychiatric diagnosis(F = 2.139, P = .000).4. According to the factor analysis of DSI, four factors were identified - unfair treatment, limited capability, embarrassing situation, oppressing feeling.5. Daily stress had no significant correlation with coping strategy.These findings suggest that chronic mentally ill need special attention to reduce their high stress and to learn more positive - active coping strategies. Community mental health centers and mental health professionals need to develop for stress management along with social support networks.
The Lived Experience of Homeless Women - Using Parse's Human Becoming Research Methodology -
Authors: Yun Jeong A
Published: November 2024

This study purpose to synthesize the Parse's Human Becoming theory into the Homeless Women' lived experience structure and conceptualize it on the theoretical level as well as to develop the human becoming theory and to improve the actual development and service of 'nursing knowledge body' for the Homeless Women. To achieve this purpose, research had been conducted from January, 1999 to March, 2000. The nine subjects were chosen for this study, and the mean period of the Homeless Women at their temporary shelters was over four months. This research was applied Parse's Human Becoming Research Methodology.The core concepts :1. Experiencing pain on account of social stigma.2. Recognizing the reality as the worst situation, and showing mental confusion.3. Emerging hostility as well as anger toward him/herself, others, and the Absolute Being.4. Showing despair (hopelessness) as a result of the total loss of dependence on others, and tending to rely upon religion.5. Wishing to recover the positive relationship with others, and trying to transforming negative life into positive one.6. Needing the aid of social welfare institutions, and support themselves despite the despair.The lived experience structure of the Homeless Women through these research findings was summarized as follows： "The Homeless Women undergo pain as a result of social stigma, recognize the reality as the worst situation of life, and show hostility as well as anger toward him/herself, others and the Absolute Being. Owing to the despair of life, they tend to depend on religion. However, they also need the aid of social institutions. It is, therefore, the procedure that they make an attempt to support themselves, and transform negative life into positive one in the long run."The interpretation of the concepts of Parse s human becoming theory increases the degree of abstraction of experience structure. and establishes the theoretical frame.1. Powering of homeless women is a way of connecting-separating imaging.2. Originating is of homeless women manifestation of revealing-concealing valuing.3. Transforming of homeless women unfolds in the languaging of enabling-limiting.Base on understanding the experience of the Homeless Women, therefore, the role of nurses is to share the co-creating health with them through "caring presence'. In addition, it is very crucial that the Homeless Women should be supported by case-by-case approach with the situated freedom.
Effects of the Guided Imagery Therapy on the Self-esteem and Anxiety of the Home-based Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Lee Jin Ah , Lee Kyoung Soon
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of the guided imagery therapy as a nursing intervention on the self-reported self-esteem and anxiety of the home-based psychiatric patients.The study was designed using nonequivalent control group pretest- posttest design.A total sixty patients were selected according to the criteria of the study among the home-based psychiatric patients.The twenty eight samples who attended D, K, or N community mental health center and J health center were assigned to the experimental group and the thirty two who attended D or N health center to the control group.Self-esteem of samples were measured by the Self-Esteem Scale developed by Rosenberg(1971) which was translated by Chun(1974) and anxiety of samples by the STAI Form X-2 developed by Spielberger( 1975) which was translated by Kim(1978).General characteristics of samples were analyzed with percentage using SPSS win.Between experimental and control group, general homogeneity, pretest homogeneity and posttest homogeneity in self-esteem and anxiety were verified using the t-test. The result of this study can be summarized as follows：1. The first hypothesis, "level of self-esteem of the experimental group will be significantly higher than that of the control group,'(1 = 2.58, p<.01) was supported.2. The second hypothesis, "level of anxiety of the experimental group will be significantly lower than that of the control group,"(t = -5.21, P<.00) was supported.In conclusion, the guided imagery therapy can be considered as an effective method of nursing intervention, because it was proved to help patients improve level of their self-esteem and decrease level of their anxiety in this study.
Relationship between the Stress and Coping Methods of the Emergency Medical Technicians
Authors: Lee Kang Oh , Jung Ji Yeon
Published: November 2024

This study was done to examine the relationship between stress and coping methods of 86 emergency medical technicians with the 1st or 2nd grade qualifications who serve at 36 fire stations in Gwangju and Jeonnam region from Aug. 1 to Aug. 31. 2001. Data collection was done by questionnaire.The research instruments used the stress measure tool developed by Cho Hee et al.(1999) and revised and complemented by the researcher to measure firemen’s stress, and coping methods instrument revised by Cho Hee et al.(1999) based on that of Jarowiec & Power(1981) and Bell(1977). The results of this study were as follows :rhe mean score of perceived stress was 3.4. The mean score of coping methods was 2.11.2. The levels of stress according to the general characteristics of subjects were significantly different at marital status(t=7.054, p= .009) and in relation with organization (t = 3.989, p = .049).3. The coping methods according to the general characteristics of subjects were significantly different at type of qualifications (t = 5.750, p=.O19).4. The relationship between levels of stress and coping methods was positively correlated (r = .446, p = .000). The hypothesis of this research that there was a correlation between the levels of stress and coping methods was supported.
An Analysis of Research on Expressed Emotion
Authors: Kim Sang Nam , Lee Kyung Hee
Published: November 2024

Purpose: this study was to suggest the future direction of studies on expressed emotion in Korea, by examining the cross-cultural diversity of an expressed emotion concept.Methods: The study was conducted by analysing the trends of various 52 articles on the expressed emotion.Results: 1. The design of study indicated that there was more remarkable increase in the number of surveys and studies on the expressed emotion in the later 1990s, while no special care was nearly taken to their quality.2. This study was carried out with families having chronic psychiatric patients that accounted for 42(93.3%) of all the subjects 45.It was shown that the major mental disease in the earlier 1990s was such mental disorder as schizophrenia, however, while it included even chronic mental patients in addition to the mental disorder in the later 1990s.3. Those studies were mainly published in academic magazines in psychologic medicine in the earlier 1990s because most of their researchers was a doctor. In the later 1990s, however, they were reported in several kinds of academic magazines.4. Under such circumstances, nevertheless, it was continuously true that only very few studies had been carried out by nurses. Countries' trends of studies showed that the most studies were performed in England, where the concept of expressed emotion had been developed firstly. In the later 1990s, then, there were a variety of approaches to the expressed emotion in several countries all over the world, including the studies on the cross-cultural review of expressed emotion, literature examinations, and the development of mediation programs.5. The most results of this literaview was that expressed emotion of family realted in incidence of relapse who has chronic schizophrenia Conclusion: espressed emotion was related in between family with chronic schizophrenic disease and incidence of relapse schizophrenic patients'. so espressed emotion is very important concepts on the course of chronic psychiatric diseases.The sugessions based on the results are as Follows- 1) In Korea, more studies crosscultural should be performed to reexamine the regional concept of expressed emotion. 2) The survey and research are required to understand the effect of the expressed emotion concept of, not only chronic mental patients but also diabetus melitus, obesity, chronic renal failure, dementia, chilid adjustment disorder, adolescent mental disease, elderly people. 3) More studies of which nurse's expressed emotion toward psychiatric patients and nurse's study about expressed emotion of family should be carried out. 4) It is necessary study for development of instrument available to evaluate the expressed emotion considering Korean characteristics. 5) An ethno-nursing study is needed to understand the behavior languages of Korean expressed emotion.
Forgiveness - Phenomenological Approach -
Authors: Lee Kyoung Soon
Published: November 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the meaning of forgiveness to provide basic data for more understanding about human-being, health promotion, health education and nursing intervention.Methods: The research method used in this study is a qualitative research method, phenomenological approach.The study participants were five persons who had an experience of forgiveness. The data was collected by using in-depth interviews and participant observation four times respectively from October 15, 1999 to May 20. 2001. The data collected was analyzed in a qualitative way of using Giorgi s phenomenological approach.Results: The participants' experience of forgiveness showed that 'unpleasant feeling', ’injury', acceptance', 'elapse of time, 'voluntariness'. ' restoration and ’maturity’.Unpleasant feeling includes revenge, hatred, guilty feeling and shame. Injury involves bitterness, physical symptoms and loss.Acceptance embraces recognition and understanding. Elapse of time comprises required time. Voluntariness comprehends selection and consideration. Restoration covers healing of injuries and reconciliation of the relationship between victim and victimizel. Maturity encloses gratitude. insight and refinding the meaning of one's life.To forgive others is considered very important topic to understand human-being, and to restore one's whole health.On the basis of this study, further research is needed for practical nursing intervention to solve patients" health problems, and multidisciplinary qualitative and quantitative approaches for this topic are also needed.Related topic would be on forgiving self and forgiving God.
Construction of a Postpartum Depression Model
Authors: Bae Jeong Yee
Published: November 2024

Purpose: This study has been designed to develop and test the theoretical model to explain postpartum depression. A hypothetical model was constructed on the basis of Neumans system model and review of literature.Methods: Data were collected through a survey over a period of 5 months. Subjects who participated in the study consisted of 265 Korean mothers in their postpartum periods. A total of 19 instruments were used in this model.The analysis of the data was done with SPSS PC+ for descriptive statistics and LISREL 7.16 for covariance structure analysis.Results: 1. The hypothetical model showed a good fit to the empirical data. Chi-square= 265.KP-0.00). df=106. ? /df=2.5. GFI-0.90, AGH-0.82. RMR-0.036. NNFI=0.89, NFI=0.93and CN-117. 2 For constructing the parsimonious best fit model, the exogenous variable (preparation for deliveiy) was excluded from the theoretical model because it did not significantly influence postpartum depression. 5 paths were deleted between the following； relationship to parents and postpartum depression, maternal role strain and stressful life event, postpartum depression and satisfaction to baby, postpartum depression and baby's character, postpartum depression and stressful life event. 11 paths were added between satisfaction to baby and support from others and between maternal role strain and personality trait et al. 3. The final modified model yielded Chi-square = 131.59(P=0.02). df=101, x2/df=1.30. GFI = 0.94, AGFI = 0.90, RMR=0.025.NNFI = 0.94, NFI = 0.97, CN-225 and exhibited definite improved levels of fit indices.Conclusion: Results of this study show that personality trait, maternal role attainment, marital adjustment, maternal role strain and self-esteem influence postpartum depression.Thus, the most effective prevention strategy against postpartum depression must focus on improving maternal role attainment, marital adjustment and self-esteem, modifying emotional state, and reducing the maternal role strain. By comprehensively addressing the factors related to postpartum depression, and comparing each influence, this study can contribute to designing an appropriate postpartum depression prevention strategy in tune with the particular characteristics and problems of a mother.Finally, the author suggests that this model could be adequately applied to mothers during the postpartum period.
Relationship of Suicidal Ideation, Depression, Spiritual well-being of Adolescence
Authors: Kang Eun-Sil , Cho Hang-Suk , Song Yang-Sook , Kang Sung-Nyun
Published: November 2024

This study was carried out to identify the relationships of suicidal ideation, depression, spiritual well-being of adolescence in Korea. Design of the study was correlational study. Objects of the study were 423 adolescences of high school students of 5 cities in Korea. Data was collected from April, 2003 to July, 2003 using structured questionnaire. Research tools of this study were SSI(scale for suicidal ideation) developed by Beck(1979), BDI(Beck depression inventory) translated by Lee(1993), scale for spiritual well-being of Paloutzian & Ellison translated by Choi(1990) Collected data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlational coefficients with SPSS/PC 11.0 program.The results of the study were as follow :1. Mean value of suicidal ideation(25.93) of adolescences were moderate level, depression( 12.48) was low, spiritual wll-being(75.35) was high.2. Relationships of the suicidal ideation, depression, spiritual well-being of adolescence.Suicidal ideation of adolescence was positive relationships with depression(r=.628, p= .000), suicidal ideation of adolescence was negative relationships with spiritual well-being(r=-.329, p= .000). In conclusion, it was found that depression of adolescence was incline to increase suicidal ideation, spiritual well-being to decrease suicidal ideation of adolescence. Therefore, development of counseling and guidance program to increase spiritual well-being of the adolescence was suggested.
Effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Program on the Anxiety and Quality of Life in Schizophrenic Patients
Authors: Hyun Mi Yeul , Yu Sook Ja , Lee Jong Eun
Published: November 2024

Purpose: This study was designed to examine the effects of cognitive-behavioral program on the problem solving ability, depression and self-esteem in the schizophrenic patients. Methods: The subjects consisted of forty-six schizophrenic patients who had been treated in Inha University Hospital and one mental hospital in Kyung-Ki Do. Twenty-two of them were assigned to the experimental group and twenty-eight to the control group.Data were collected from Nov., 2002 to Jan., 2003. The cognitive-behavioral program was conducted for the experimental group once a week for 60 minutes for weeks, and not for the control group. For both group the scores of problem-solving ability, depression and self-esteem were measured before and after experiment. The data were analysed by x2 -test, t-test, Fisher exact test, paired t-test, unpaired t-test and Pearson correlation with the SAS program. Results: 1. The scores of state anxiety significantly decreased in the experimental group(P=0.0443).The scores of trait anxiety was no significant difference within and between the two groups. 2. There was no significant difference within and between the two groups in scores of QoL. As a result of this study, cognitive-behavioral program has a positive effect on state anxiety in schizophrenic patients. Thus cognitivebehavioral program could be considered an useful nursing intervention program for the schizophrenic patients.
Factors Influencing Postoperative Depression in Elderly Patient
Authors: Kim Young-Hee , Kim Eun-Joo
Published: November 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore factors that influence post operative depression in elderly patient. Methods: This study was utilized descriptive correlational design. The convenience sample was composed of 82 operational elderly patients in Korea. Stepwise multiple regression was used to identify significant factors influencing postoperative depression in elderly patient. Postoperative depression was measured using the short form Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS), anxiety was measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Pain was measured by the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, family support was measured by Family APGAR. Results: Postoperative depression in elderly patient was significantly influenced by preoperative depression, anxiety, family support. This regression model explained 66%(Adj R2 =.66) of the variances in postoperative depression.Preoperative depression explained 46% of the variances, and anxiety explained 19% of the variances, and family support explained 3% of the variances. Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that nurses intervene more effectively in caring their patients with postoperative patient by recognizing the patients preoperative depression, anxiety, and family support. We suggest that It must be preceded assessment and intervention of preoperative depression in order to intervene postoperative depression.
Pikler in practice
Authors: Tapping Rachel
Published: November 2024

In the final article in this series all about the pediatrician and infant educator, Dr Emmi Pikler, Rachel Tapping, Piklerian Early Childhood Adviser and Chair of Pikler UK, outlines more about how practitioners can put Pikler's key principles and theories into practice in their settings.
Student Q&A: Work-life balance
Authors: Bruce Tracey
Published: November 2024

This month we caught up with Tracey Bruce, who is studying an MA in Education with Montessori at Anglia Ruskin University via distance learning. She discusses coordinating her studies around managing four Montessori day nurseries
Fascinating facts
Authors: Barclay Meg
Published: November 2024

Meg Barclay, education consultant and early years reviewer for the School Library Association, reviews all non-fiction books this month for Non-Fiction November, which celebrates all things relating to information books and reading for information
ANÁLISE DAS PERCEPÇÕES DOS PROFISSIONAIS DE HISTÓRIAS EM QUADRINHOS SOBRE OS DIREITOS DE AUTOR
Authors: Grangeiro Filho José Wellington Alves , Carvalho Joelia Marques de , Mota Teresa Lenice Nogueira da Gama
Published: November 2024

Conflitos entre criadores e empresas são desafios que têm afetado artistas, sendo os Direitos de Autor o ponto central na relação entre essas partes. O objetivo deste artigo era ampliar as análises acerca da compreensão sobre Direitos de Autor na perspectiva dos autores de Histórias em Quadrinhos. Para tanto, conduziu-se um estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa e metodologia de análise de conteúdo. A análise revelou que este setor tem um conhecimento limitado sobre os Direitos de Autor e apresenta inseguranças em relação ao uso não autorizado de suas obras.