bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stent Placement for Coronary Stenosis in Kawasaki Disease: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: ILIADIS ELIAS A. , DUVERNOY CLAIRE S.
Published: July 2007

A 48‐year‐old male patient diagnosed with Kawasaki disease in childhood presented with recurrent angina after undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery in 1996. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and intracoronary stent placement to a lesion in the proximal ramus intermedius were performed successfully. This case illustrates the complementary nature of percutaneous and surgical myocardial revascularization strategies in appropriately selected patients with Kawasaki disease.
The Use of the Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor Antagonists During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: MARMUR JONATHAN D. , CAVUSOGLU ERDAL
Published: July 2007

Coronary thrombosis is the major cause of ischemic complications during percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). The glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor plays a critical role in the process of platelet thrombus formation since it serves as the final common pathway for platelet aggregation. Presently, there are three commercially available intravenous GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors that blockfibrinogen binding to its receptor. These agents significantly reduce the incidence of death and nonfatal myocardial infarction at 30 days in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary revascularization. In addition, the early benefits appear to be sustained at 6 months to 1 year. Increasing evidence shows that the predominant mechanism of benefit is due to a reduction in embolization to the microcirculation that occurs during PCI. While data regarding the comparative efficacy and cost‐effectiveness of these agents are scarce, the magnitude of benefit appears to be greatest for abciximab. Furthermore, a mortality benefit has been demonstrated only for abciximab. Although high risk patients reap the greatest benefit from the use of these agents, it is clear that even patients who are classified as low‐to‐moderate risk still derive substantial benefit from their use. Finally, evidence indicates that the majority of patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST segment elevation who are scheduled to undergo PCI should be pretreated with a GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonist.
Iatrogenic Forearm Compartment Syndrome in a Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Induced by Brachial Artery Puncture and Acute Anticoagulation
Authors: SHABAT SHAY , CARMEL AVI , COHEN YAEL , SAGIV PAUL , BARCHILON VIDAL , STREN AVI , NYSKA MEIR
Published: July 2007

A previously healthy patient developed late compartment syndrome in the cardiac intensive care unit after a brachial artery puncture due to acute heparinization after successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and stent implantation. The cardiologists recognized the problem and immediately consulted an orthopedic surgeon, who promptly performed surgery. The latter consisted of decompression and fasciotomy. The patient recovered excellent hand function without any neurologic or muscular deficits. Knowledge and understanding of the clinical aspects of this complication are crucial in this devastating syndrome.
Immediate and Long‐Term Outcome of Recanalization of Chronic Total Coronary Occlusions
Authors: PISCIONE FEDERICO , GALASSO GENNARO , MAIONE ANTON GIULIO , PISANI ALFONSO , GOLINO PAOLO , LEOSCO DARIO , CIROINDOLFI M.D  , CHIARIELLO MASSIMO
Published: July 2007

Eighty‐three consecutive patients with 85 coronary total occlusions undergoing coronary angioplasty were retrospectively studied. Patients were divided into two groups according to the occlusion age that was<30 days (subacute total occlusion [STO]: 25 patients; range 1–30 days) or>30 days (chronic total occlusion [CTO]: 58 patients; range 3–144 months). All procedures were carried out using a hydrophilic guidewire. Clinical success, consisting of crossing the lesion, balloon dilatation, stent deployment without complication, was 96% in STO and 81% in CTO. Multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis identified a family history of coronary artery disease (CAD), left anterior descending and right coronary artery occlusions as independent predictors of a successful procedure. No major events occurred during or immediately after the angioplasty. After a mean follow‐up of 24 ± 2 months, no difference was found in survival or freedom from myocardial infarction or target vessel revascularization among the STO and CTO patients. Successful recanalization by using a hydrophilic guidewire was achieved in a high percentage of chronic total occlusions with a low incidence of complications and a satisfactory late clinical outcome. Family history of CAD and occlusion of left anterior descending or right coronary arteries are independent predictors of procedural success.
A 7‐Day Administration of tPA or Heparin in the Prevention of Intimal Hyperplasia Following Vascular Injury in Atherosclerotic Rabbits
Authors: KANAMASA KEN , OTANI NARUTAKA , ISHIDA NORIHIRO , INOUE YOSHIKAZU , MORII HIDEKI , ISHIKAWA KINJI
Published: July 2007

The effects on intimal hyperplasia of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and heparin following vascular injury were investigated. A common iliac artery in 34 hereditary hypercholesterolemic rabbits was injured by three successive 60‐second balloon inflations to a pressure of 6 atm. Thereafter, two groups were continuously infused with tPA for 7 days at rates of 2 mg/kg per 24 hours (tPA‐H) or 0.6 mg/kg per 24 hours (tPA‐L), and two groups received intraarterial infusions of 750 U/kg (heparin‐H) or 150 U/kg (heparin‐L) heparin, followed by 625 U/kg or 125 U/kg subcutaneously twice daily for the same period, respectively. Twenty‐eight days after injury, the intimal areas of the tPA‐H (0.07 ± 0.13 mm2), tPA‐L (0.11 ± 0.08 mm2), heparin‐H (0.17 ± 0.08 mm2), and heparin‐L (0.28 ± 0.27 mm2) groups were all significantly (P<0.01) smaller than the controls (0.57 ± 0.23 mm<2), as were the intimal/medial cross‐sectional area ratios (0.10 ± 0.14, 0.21 ± 0.20, 0.28 ± 0.10, and 0.50 ± 0.54 vs 1.13 ± 0.74, respectively). Thus, attenuation of platelet aggregation by tPA or heparin inhibited medial smooth muscle cell proliferation and intimal hyperplasia in balloon injured arteries.
Transhepatic Closure of a Post‐Fontan Hepatic Veins to Left Atrium Fenestration in Visceral Heterotaxia and Dextrocardia
Authors: SALIBA ZAKHIA , BOUDJEMLINE YOUNES , ACAR PHILIPPE , HAUSSE ANA , SIDI DANIEL , BONHOEFFER PHILIPP
Published: July 2007

This article reports on the transhepatic closure of post‐Fontan hepatic veins to left atrium fenestration in a 13‐year‐old girl with left atrial isomerism, dextrocardia, azygos continuation to the left superior vena cava, and median liver. The transhepatic route seemed to be the less tortuous access to the fenestration which was previously partially occluded with a CardioSeal device. The hepatic veins were entered at the left abdominal side using fluoroscopic guidance and the fenestration was uneventfully occluded with an Amplatzer septal occluder device.
Left Main Artery Dissection During 4 French Coronary Angiography in Elderly Patient with Severe Aortic Stenosis: “Speedy Recovery” Using Emergency Primary Stenting
Authors: PHILIPPE FRANÇOIS , BOUABDALLAH KAMEL , DIBIE ALAIN , LABORDE FRANÇOIS
Published: July 2007

A 70‐year‐old woman was referred due to a symptomatic severe calcific aortic stenosis. An iatrogenic dissection of the left main artery with total occlusion and arrest (asystole) occurred during preoperative 4Fr coronography. “Speedy recovery” is achieved with a strategy of percutaneous primary stenting revascularization combined with cardiopulmonary maneuvers.
The Long‐Term Consequences of Lost Intracoronary Stents
Authors: DENNIS W. DUNNING M.D.  , JOEL K. KAHN M.D.  , WILLIAM W. O'NEILL M.D.
Published: July 2007

The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of lost or misplaced stents and to identify associated immediate‐ and long‐term consequences. The study reviewed 11,881 cases with one or more intracoronary stents. From this group 40 cases were identified where stents were prematurely displaced from the stent delivery device. Sixteen were removed with bioptomes or snares. Three were removed surgically. Of the 21 remaining stents, 7 were deployed at a site remote from the target lesion and 14 were lost. Nine of the 14 were known to be below the aortoilliac bifurcation and the other 5 embolized to unknown locations. Stent loss is rare in intracoronary intervention. Removal or peripheral deployment is the best option, but there was no immediate or long‐term morbidity associated with lost stents in this study.
Outcome Following Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty Performed Before 1990
Authors: MPYISI SAMUEL F. , SANTOS‐EGGIMANN BRIGITTE , LUBSEN JACOBUS , EECKHOUT ERIC , GOY JEAN‐JACQUES , KAPPENBERGER LUKAS
Published: July 2007

The goal of this follow‐up study was to assess the long‐term survival of all patients having undergone a first PTCA between 1981 and 1990 and to relate the outcome to the baseline clinical and angiographic state. Although PTCA has become a widely accepted therapeutic choice for revascularization, the authors lacked information on long‐term outcome. Data was collected by questionnaire, the end points being a second PTCA, MI, CABG, death or any of these events. The survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Multivariate analysis was performed by a Cox proportional hazards model. Complete follow‐up data were collected for 1,071 patients for a mean period of 7.4 years (SEM ± 1.98 months) with a range of 0 to 14 years. Mean age was 57 years. PTCA was successful in 85% of patients. In‐hospital event rates were death 1.3%, MI 4.4 %, and emergency CABG 2.9%. Overall survival at 14 years was 69% (SEM ± 9.6%) and event‐free survival was 47% (SEM ± 5.8%). MI rate was 11%, CABG 15%, and 20% of patients underwent repeat PTCA. Presence of cardiovascular risk factors, poor left ventricular ejection fraction, and prior CABG were significantly associated with poorer event‐free survival. The short‐term observations are consistent with results reported by the other follow‐up studies. In addition, the study found a total survival rate 14 years after a first PTCA of 69% and 47% of the cohort remained event free.
Unprotected Left Main Stenting in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: FREEMAN JASON , ONG LAWRENCE
Published: July 2007

Left main stenosis is a rare cause of acute myocardial infarction. Emergent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) of the left main coronary artery has been shown to have greatly increased procedural and short‐term mortality. Stenting decreases the incidence of abrupt closure and has a lower restenosis rate after PTCA. We present a case of a patient presenting in cardiogenic shock due to an acute anterior myocardial infarction who underwent emergent left main coronary artery stenting.
Direct and Indirect Catheter‐to‐Catheter Carbonization Caused by High Power Radiofrequency Delivery Via a Large Tip Ablation Electrode
Authors: SCHNEIDER MICHAEL A. E. , ZRENNER BERNHARD , KARCH MARTIN R. , WEYERBROCK SONJA , SCHREIECK JÜRGEN , NDREPEPA GJIN , SCHÖMIG ALBERT , SCHMITT CLAUS
Published: July 2007

We report two cases of directly and indirectly induced catheter carbonizations by radiofrequency application via a large tip ablation catheter. We assume that during a large tip high power delivery of more than 50 watts, an adjacent, smaller‐sized, low resistance electrode produces a local increase in the intensity of the current field that is sufficient to elevate the tissue temperature above 100°C. Due to the potential risk of embolism, this may have an impact on ablation procedures in the left atrium and ventricle using similar mapping configurations.
Descending Thoracic Aorta to Left Pulmonary Artery Fistula After Stent Implantation for Acquired Left Pulmonary Artery Stenosis
Authors: CARANO NICOLA , AGNETTI ALDO , TCHANA BERTRAND , SQUARCIA ANTONELLA , SQUARCIA UMBERTO
Published: July 2007

This is a case report of a Fontan patient with previous Potts anastomosis who underwent stent implantation for left pulmonary artery stenosis. At follow‐up the patient developed a fistula between the descending thoracic aorta and the left pulmonary artery at the site of the stent. This represents a late complication of stent placement.
Percutaneous Retrieval of a Broken Catheter from the Left Atrium in an Adult
Authors: RAMONDO ANGELO BRUNO , FAVERO LUCA , CHIOIN RAFFAELLO
Published: July 2007

We performed a percutaneous retrieval of a broken catheter from the left atrium in an adult patient using transseptal left heart catheterization and a helical basket guidewire. To our knowledge, this is the first description of such a therapeutical option for a foreign body lodged in the left atrium of an adult patient.
Thermography of the Cardiovascular System
Authors: STEFANADIS CHRISTODOULOS , TOUTOUZAS KONSTANTINOS , VAINA SOPHIA , VAVURANAKIS MANOLIS , TOUTOUZAS PAVLOS
Published: July 2007

The identification of vulnerable plaque is one of the primary goals in cardiology during the last years. Several techniques have been developed for the anatomic and functional assessment of atherosclerotic plaques. Thermography is a new method for the evaluation of the inflammatory process locally within the atherosclerotic plaque. Several animal and clinical studies demonstrated the value of thermography not only for the detection of inflamed atherosclerotic plaques, but its use in new fields like in the evaluation of inflammation in the coronary vascular bed and the cardiovascular system. This article reviews the developments and the clinical implications of thermography.
Vascular Growth Factors for Coronary Angiogenesis
Authors: LEE CHI HANG , SMITS PIETER C.
Published: July 2007

Coronary artery disease not amendable to conventional revascularization poses a significant medical problem. Advances in the understanding of blood vessel growth have given rise to efforts to develop novel therapeutic approaches for these “no‐option” patients. Therapeutic angiogenesis makes use of the administration of angiogenic growth factor protein or gene to promote the development of endogenous collateral vessels in ischemic myocardium. Among the growth factors that play a role in blood vessel growth and development, vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and fibroblast growth factors have been the most extensively studied. Various methods of delivery have been used to enhance localization and persistence. Preliminary animal experiments have been promising with evidence of capillary formation at the target myocardium after growth factor administration. Initial phase I and II clinical trials have been undertaken. Preliminary information on efficacy is beginning to become available, raising hopes and questions about the future direction and potential success of therapeutic angiogenesis as a clinical approach to the treatment of myocardial ischemia. Although the initial clinical results are encouraging, real efficacy has still to be proven and the potential side‐effects of these potent angiogenic growth factors remain a concern. Large‐scale, randomized, and placebo‐controlled studies will be required to demonstrate the true clinical benefit of this novel therapeutic treatment for ischemic heart disease.
Multicentric Reticulohistiocytosis: A Proliferation of Macrophages With Tropism for Skin and Joints, Part I
Authors: Luz Flávio Barbosa , Gaspar Neide Kalil , Gaspar Antonio Pedro , Carneiro Sueli , Ramos‐e‐Silva Marcia
Published: July 2007

The authors present part I of a review of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis, a rare systemic proliferative disease of histiocytes of unknown cause. It is clinically characterized by cutaneous and mucosal nodules and by osteoarticular lesions. The disease occurs in outbreaks that progress in severity, with spontaneous regression, but usually leaving incapacitating arthritis and disfiguring facial lesions. The authors discuss the historical, epidemiologic, and clinical aspects of this disease.
Diffuse Alopecia in a Child Due to Dietary Zinc Deficiency
Authors: Alhaj Eyad , Alhaj Nehad , Alhaj Nezam E.
Published: July 2007

A 4‐year‐old girl was evaluated for hair loss of a few weeks' duration. History of the present illness, medical history, and review of systems were obtained from the parents, who described progressive diffuse hair loss with hair dryness and brittleness, with no change in the child's eating habits or any other unusual symptoms. No fever, weight loss, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, chronic cough, dyspnea, change in appetite, change in bowel habit, or urinary symptoms were noted. On further questioning, her nutritional history revealed that she always favored cow's milk in her diet. The patient has been healthy with no significant medical history, surgical history, psychiatric history, or history of hospitalization. She was taking no medications. Her mother's pregnancy and the child's birth history were uneventful. The child was up‐to‐date on her vaccinations. Her physical examination showed a healthy‐appearing child who was at 50% on the height chart and 70% on the weight growth chart. She was afebrile with a respiratory rate of 24 breaths per minute, pulse rate of 110 beats per minute, and pulse oximetry of 99% on room air. Skin examination revealed interstitial diffuse patchy alopecia with very dry hair and nonscarred, normal‐appearing scalp. The hair pull test was normal, with 4 hairs extracted. Results of examination of her eyes (including visual acuity) and lungs were normal, and no abnormalities were found on heart, abdominal, musculoskeletal, and neurologic examinations. Laboratory workup showed normal electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and blood sugar levels. Her complete blood cell count with differential was normal, ferritin concentration level was 110 ng/mL (reference, 40–200 ng/mL), iron level was 75 µg/dL (reference, 35–175 µg/dL), and total iron‐binding capacity was 310 µg/dL (reference, 245–400 µg/dL). Levels of liver enzymes, total bilirubin, serum protein, and albumin were normal, as were the results of urinalysis. Thyroid function test results were normal and levels of vitamins A and D were also normal. Low levels of serum zinc were measured repeatedly at 48 and 61 µg/dL (reference, 66–144 µg/dL) at 2 different laboratories. She was started on zinc supplement (50 mg daily) for 6 months and her diet was modified. The hair loss stopped in 3 weeks. Follow‐up in 4 months showed no evidence of alopecia, with normal‐looking hair.
Crohn's Disease and Its Mucocutaneous Involvement
Authors: Ruocco Eleonora , Cuomo Antonio , Salerno Raffaele , Ruocco Vincenzo , Romano Marco , Baroni Adone
Published: July 2007

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder primarily affecting the lower gastrointestinal tract but potentially involving the skin, musculoskeletal system, and eyes. The origin remains unknown, although diverse etiologic agents have been proposed. Characteristic pathologic appearances include the formation of “skip” lesions (discrete regions of inflamed bowel separated by uninvolved mucosae), aphthous ulceration, and fistulation; these signs relate to the presence of an underlying granulomatous transmural inflammation. Cutaneous and oral lesions frequently occur in CD. They may be classified as specific manifestations (in particular, perianal fissures, abscesses, sinuses, and fistulae in ano) with a granulomatous noncaseating inflammation on histologic examination, and nonspecific manifestations (eg, erythema nodosum, neutrophilic dermatoses) with a nonspecific histologic pattern. The diagnosis of CD is based on clinical, endoscopic, radiologic, and histopathologic features. Therapy is mainly aimed at the control of the acute disease and prevention of relapse through the use of mesalazine, corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents and very recently, anti‐tumor necrosis factor‐α antibodies.
A Survey of Sex Differences in 249 Pemphigus Patients and Possible Explanations
Authors: Brenner Sarah , Wohl Yonit
Published: July 2007

Background.

Pemphigus, an immunoblistering disorder, is reported with equal or near equal frequencies in men and women despite prominent female predominance in prevalence ratios of the vast majority of autoimmune diseases.

Objective.

To assess a possible correlation between pemphigus and intake of sex hormones in a cohort of pemphigus patients.

Methods.

A prospective online survey using a specially designed questionnaire was conducted among patients with diagnosed pemphigus in the United States during a 1‐year period from September 2005 through September 2006.

Results.

A total of 249 pemphigus cases were enrolled, 158 women (63%) and 91 men (36%). The female‐to‐male ratio was 1.7:1. Age at onset of the disease ranged from 16 to 85 years, mean 4.4±12.9 years for both sexes (not statistically significant): 45.3 for women and 45.7 for men. At the time of pemphigus diagnosis, 12% (20 of 158) of the women and 4% (4 of 91) of the men reported using hormone replacement therapy. At the time of disease onset, 46% (20 of 43) of the postmenopausal women took hormone replacement therapy.

Limitations.

Possible questionnaire self‐reporting biases.

Conclusions.

The finding of a female predominance among pemphigus patients is attributed to the immunopathogenesis of the disease that makes women more susceptible to this and other autoimmune disorders and to the strikingly high proportion of hormone replacement therapy users found among postmenopausal women.
Can a Dominating Orientation Enhance the Integrativeness of Negotiated Agreements?
Authors: Shapiro Debra L. , Rognes Jörn
Published: July 2007

A dominating orientation is commonly viewed as an impediment to integrative negotiation. However, a study of Norwegian and American negotiators shows that a dominating orientation may, in fact, enhance the integrative nature of some negotiations under certain circumstances. Implications for managers and negotiation trainers are discussed.
The effectiveness of Mediation: An Independent Analysis of Cases Handled by Four Major Service Providers
Authors: Brett Jeanne M. , Barsness Zoe I. , Goldberg Stephen B.
Published: July 2007

A study of 449 cases administered by four major providers of ADR services showed that mediation was capable of setting 78 percent of cases, regardless of whether the parties had been sent to mediation by a court or bad selected the process voluntarily. Mediation also cost far less than arbitration, took less time, and was judged a more satisfactory process than arbitration.
The Cairo Stories: Some Reflections on Conflict Resolution in Egypt
Authors: Murray John S.
Published: July 2007

The author relates three cases of conflict which he has observed in Cairo and recognizes patterns that cut across each of these “stories.” The stories shed light on how people in Egypt approach and deal with conflict; in addition, they may help readers understand conflict in their “home” culture as well as be instructive on how to “listen” to conflict in different cultures. Six general themes in the way Egyptians approach or handle conflict are identified, and each of these themes is analyzed.
Teaching Negotiation and Dispute Resolution in Colleges of Business: The State of the Practice
Authors: Lewicki Roy
Published: July 2007

Tracing the history of how the study of dispute resolution came into the mainstream of behavioral science courses in business schools, the author gives a positive assessment of the appropriateness of the content and pedagogy of negotiation courses currently taught in business schools for the challenges of the next decade. He proceeds to make recommendations for improving the definition and acquisition of negotiation skills.
The Role of Class Action Litigation in Achieving Child Welfare Reform: A Study in Public Conflict Resolution
Authors: Borgersen Ellen , Shapiro Stephen
Published: July 2007

This article traces the history of a 16‐year court battle over the child welfare system in Kansas City, Missouri, which eventually headed toward resolution as the result of an innovative public policy negotiation process. The process combined the substantive expertise of nationally and locally respected child welfare professionals with political muscle at the state, local, and community levels to develop and implement a plan for reform. If the results of this process become institutionalized in the Kansas City child welfare system, it will represent a significant transformation in the governing culture and practices of the system and the community it serves.
Teaching Negotiation Theory and Skills Over the Internet
Authors: McKersie Robert B. , Fonstad Nils Olaya
Published: July 2007

Negotiating on‐line is becoming an increasingly common phenomenon in the workplace. The medium of the Internet also offers promising opportunities for negotiation educators to reach out to participants that might otherwise be unable to attend a seminar. The authors used the Internet to teach negotiation theory and skills during a seven‐week seminar that was conducted completely over the World Wide Web. This experiment revealed several advantages and difficulties likely to arise in the conduct of “distance learning” for topics in negotiation. The authors reflect on how they would organize the seminar differently, should they do it again, and offer suggestions for others organizing courses using the Internet.
Negotiatory Alchemy: The Court Special Master as Scientist and Mediator
Authors: Keller David B.
Published: July 2007

An environmental health scientist and mediator was appointed for the first time as a special master to oversee cleanup of a hazardous waste site in California. The case analysis examines the creative assimilation of integrative/mutual gains bargaining (mediation) into a distributive/zero‐sum bargaining construct (litigation). The special master played multiple, overlapping, and conflicting roles as the case unfolded. The interfaces and tensions of these roles produced a hybrid style of dispute resolution, termed “mediation‐negotiation” by the author.
Emotions in Negotiation: How to Manage Fear and Anger
Authors: Adler Robert S. , Rosen Benson , Silverstein Elliot M.
Published: July 2007

When emotions run amok, negotiators lose perspective and make serious mistakes or perform poorly. The authors describe emotions, explore their origins, detail their physiology, demonstrate their key role in human behavior (particularly in negotiation), and propose a series of recommendations for dealing with fear and anger, two critical emotions in negotiations.
Building Momentum in Negotiations: Time‐Related Costs and Action‐Forcing Events
Authors: Watkins Michael
Published: July 2007

Using the negotiations over the future of Northern Ireland and other case examples, the author develops a conceptual framework for analyzing how negotiators seek to build momentum and overcome stalemate. The framework focuses on the choices negotiators face between taking action and waiting in the hope that counterparts will make concessions, exploring the importance of perceptions of time‐related costs and action‐forcing events in shaping decision making. The framework highlights the uneven, nonlinear nature of the flow of negotiation processes from initiation to agreement or breakdown, and focuses on the ways negotiators seek to influence the flow by shaping perceptions of time‐related costs, structuring action‐forcing events, and creating linkages among sets of negotiations.
Negotiating to Avoid Agreement
Authors: Wallihan James
Published: July 2007

There are many roads to NO. Some are routed there intentionally. Parties sometimes engage in negotiations even though they are determined to avoid agreement, or at least consider any agreement as incidental to their reason for negotiating. The author identifies two varieties of avoidance negotiation. Opportunistic avoidance subsumes a variety of circumstances and motivations. By contrast, demand avoidance can be comprehended in a more unitary fashion as a response to audience expectations by a reluctant negotiator. The analysis is anchored in cases drawn from a range of settings and in the negotiation literature. It includes a discussion of diagnosis, response, and implications for theory and research as well as for negotiation and mediation practice.
Integrating the Undergraduate Experience: A Course on Environmental Dispute Resolution
Authors: Kaplan Abram W.
Published: July 2007

This paper describes a rigorous undergraduate course on environmental dispute resolution. Students get hands‐on experience in negotiation cases, developing skills and building theoretical understanding through a series of exercises. With this foundation, the students advance to an extended role‐playing case study on oil exploration in the Ecuadorian rain forest. The course provides an integration function both in terms of understanding environmental issues, but also in modeling reality, encouraging action, and building process tools that are essential in addressing environmental and social challenges facing the planet.
E‐Negotiations: Creating a Framework for Online Commercial Negotiations
Authors: Hobson Christopher A.
Published: July 2007

E‐Commerce, or purchasing goods or services electronically over the Internet, is having a huge impact on traditional modes of commerce. This essay provides an overview of some of the negotiation models (auctions, state‐your‐price buying, and person‐to‐computer haggling) that are being used by four firms that are leading the E‐Commerce revolution. The author also considers: characteristics of consumers who are engaging in e‐negotiation; matching e‐negotiation models to context; the possibility of integrative negotiation in such transactions; the role of power in e‐negotiation; and suggestions for business managers as they implement e‐negotiation forums.
Toward a Program‐Based ADR Research Agenda
Authors: McEwen Craig A.
Published: July 2007

Program evaluation research is often too narrowly focused to build theory about dispute resolution while theory‐driven ADR research is frequently too far removed from programmatic realities to inform practice. To develop an ADR evaluation research agenda that connects theory and practice, we need to consider: making ADR context a central focus of research; undertaking a fuller account of the processes and the work of third parties in relation to what skills and orientations parties bring with them to ADR as negotiators; widening our view of ADR impact or result; and reexamining what research methods are best for studying ADR programs. By shifting our perspectives, placing negotiating parties closer to the center of our study of ADR, and grounding research in the contexts that matter to policymakers and practitioners, we could significantly advance research on third‐party intervention.
Broadening the Evaluation of Dispute Resolution: Context and Relationship Over Time
Authors: Sacks Michael Alan , Reichert Karaleah S. , Proffitt W. Trexler
Published: July 2007

Evaluation of negotiation outcomes tends to focus on measurable, dyadic, short‐term resolutions of conflict. We review current challenges to this traditional model of the evaluation of dispute resolution outcomes, and we offer four perspectives that can help address them. First, we advocate the need for longitudinal studies of negotiations that incorporate disputant relationships before and after a particular negotiation. Second, we highlight the increasing importance of third parties in resolving conflict. Third, we suggest a more comprehensive conception of parties, relationships and outcomes in negotiations research. Finally, we advance an explicit incorporation of context and culture into dispute resolution research models.
Third Parties and Culture
Authors: Dialdin Dania A , Wall James A.
Published: July 2007

In this short essay, we report and reflect on the discussion about the role of third parties and culture at the 1999 Hewlett Centers conference. The discussion centered around two major goals: determining how culture influences third‐party intervention; and determining why culture has effects on third‐party processes.
Bringing Peace into the Room: The Personal Qualities of the Mediator and Their Impact on the Mediation
Authors: Bowling Daniel , Hoffman David
Published: July 2007

The training and development of mediators has focused primarily on enhancing mediators’ technical skills and increasing their understanding of the theory behind the practice of mediation. This article focuses on a third aspect of the development of mediators — namely, their personal characteristics. The authors contend that a mediator's “presence”— more a function of who the mediator is than what he or she does — has a profound impact on the mediation process. Drawing on analogies from research in the physical and social sciences, the article suggests that the most subtle influences of the mediator's affect and manner may in fact be powerful influences in helping the mediator “bring peace into the room.”
The Institutional Ombudsman: A University Case Study
Authors: Shelton Robert L.
Published: July 2007

The experience of a university ombudsman is utilized to examine traditional elements within the organizational ombudsman role. History and context of role and person in it are discussed in relation to organization experience, independence, impartiality and neutrality, investigative power, responsibility for recommendations, and confidentiality. Implications of these elements in practice are described, and then explored through three case examples.
Scrolling Around the New Organization: The Potential for Conflict in the On‐Line Environment
Authors: Landry Elaine M.
Published: July 2007

The technological revolution has created as many challenges as opportunities for managers in today's organizations. Besides “wandering around” to manage, “scrolling around” on a computer screen has become common‐place. This article reviews four key technology‐caused challenges facing managers in the workplace, chiefly as the result of communication via e‐mail. Specifically, the author focuses on what research to date informs us about negotiation and conflict resolution in an electronic environment.
Reconnecting Systems Maintenance with Social Justice: A Critical Role for Conflict Resolution
Authors: Schoeny Mara , Warfield Wallace
Published: July 2007

With roots in both the field of labor‐management negotiation and the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s, practitioners and theorists of conflict resolution have been guided by two main theories concerning the objectives of alternative dispute resolution. On the one hand is the objective of systems maintenance, with an emphasis on stability and rational decision making. On the other hand is the objective of social justice, which emphasizes changing social institutions and organizations to support the protection of basic human rights and needs. This article analyzes the assumptions of both objectives and concludes with recommendations for how to make the goals of systems maintenance and social justice mutually supporting.
Teaching about Gender and Negotiation: Sex, Truths, and Videotape
Authors: Menkel‐Meadow Carrie
Published: July 2007

Empirical evidence and theory frequently present conflicting observations about what, if any, role gender plays in negotiation. The author reviews the history of theory development on gender and negotiation, and suggests that the differing opinions present opportunities for a negotiation teacher. She offers a series of prescriptions on how to make the subject of gender integral to the negotiation class. Among the techniques she describes is the use of videotape to combat the “lie” that sex is necessarily a determinant of the way one views or behaves in negotiation.
Distinguishing Best and Strategic Practices: A Framework for Managing the Dilemma between Creating and Claiming Value
Authors: Allred Keith G.
Published: July 2007

Most negotiation courses and textbooks focus a good deal of attention on the tension between competitive moves to claim value and cooperative moves to create value. However, relatively little emprically‐based advice is offered about how to manage that tension effectively. Drawing broadly on negotiation research, this essay elaborates a framework of prescriptive advice for how negotiators can manage the tension effectively by distinguishing between best practices and strategic practices. Best practices are defined as those that tend to work well in all situations. Strategic practices are defined as those that tend to work well in certain situations and poorly in others. Best and strategic asserting, accommodating, integrating, and avoiding practices are elaborated.
The Challenge of Learning
Authors: Loewenstein Jeffrey , Thompson Leigh
Published: July 2007

This essay offers one attempt to apply insights from educational psychology to the teaching and learning of negotiation skills. First, we suggest a key reason why becoming an expert is challenging, namely, people's naive theories about negotiation need to be challenged and largely put to rest. Second, we examine how professional schools typically teach negotiation. Third and finally, we offer suggestions for improving our negotiation pedagogy. To this end, we describe and review our research on analogical learning and how it can be used in classrooms to enhance learning.
Low‐Power Contributions in Multilateral Negotiations: A Framework Analysis
Authors: Larson Mary Jo
Published: July 2007

How do low‐power parties contribute to the resolution of complex, multiparty conflicts? The research reported here uses content analysis to capture evidence of the strategies used by small island nations in climate change negotiations. A conflict resolution systems framework facilitates research and practice by mapping the integratie and distributive interests of multiple parties. The framework demonstrates that in climate change negotiations, small island states, representing low‐power parties, contribute to conflict resolution by proposing flexible alternatives. They proactively advance the resolution of conflicts by emphasizing cooperative approaches to common ecological concerns
Nelson Mandela: Partisan and Peacemaker
Authors: Lieberfeld Daniel
Published: July 2007

To analyze Nelson Mandela's personal attributes relevant to peacemaking and negotiation, the study considers personality traits derived from biographical data rather than quantitative content analysis. Since Mandela's personality eludes ready characterization in terms of high or low levels of a given trait and also comprises traits apparently in tension, the analysis offered here highlights ostensibly opposing characteristics, and the evolution of Mandela's personal characteristics over time, with specific attention to his self‐identity, interpersonal orientation, and political outlook. It identifies distinctive aspects of Mandela's peacemaking practice, as well as aspects that may be common among accomplished peacemakers and negotiators. It concludes that Mandela's seemingly contradictory personality traits and high degree of cognitive complexity enabled him to fulfill the different roles of partisan negotiator and of mediator/peacemaker, and equipped him, more so than other revolutionaries, for the transition to post‐liberation leader.
Bringing Horses to Water? Overcoming Bad Relationships in the Pre‐Negotiating Stage of Consensus Building
Authors: Poitras Jean , Bowen Robert E. , Byrne Sean
Published: July 2007

This article uses a case‐study methodology to explore the impact of problematic relationships on the initiation of consensus‐building efforts. The article notes that poor relations hinder the initiation process, while the expectation of benefits likely to result from the effort fosters the involvement of parties. The association between poor relations and expected benefits is explored with a focus on the appeal of collaboration. Strategies are then outlined to help facilitators to deal with problematic relationships by mitigating poor relations, highlighting incentives for participation, and building on the appeal of collaboration. Facilitators can use these strategies to increase their chances of success in initiating consensus‐building efforts.
Negotiating With Your Nemesis
Authors: Gray Barbara
Published: July 2007

The assumption that negotiators can and should eradicate emotions from negotiating is unrealistic. Instrad, effective negotiators know how to handle emotional outhursts including how to respond when the other negotiator evokes their “nemesis.” A “nemesis” is the hidden part of ourselves that we project onto others who push our hot buttons. When emotions are intense, understanding the possiblity that you may be giving or receiving a projection can help you sidestep escalatory behavior. This article explores the concept of the nemesis and offers practical steps for confronting it as well as responding to others' emotions at the negotiating table.
Genetic and epigenetic analysis of the KLF4 gene in gastric cancer
Authors: CHO YONG GU , SONG JAE HWI , KIM CHANG JAE , NAM SUK WOO , YOO NAM JIN , LEE JUNG YOUNG , PARK WON SANG
Published: July 2007

KLF4, which is also known as the gut‐enriched Kruppel‐like factor, plays important roles during the proliferation and differentiation of gastrointestinal epithelial cells. A loss of KLF4 expression has been observed in human tumors, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, the molecular basis of the KLF4 inactivation in gastric cancer was investigated by analyzing the somatic mutation, the allelic loss with two microsatellite markers, D9S53 and D9S105, and hypermethylation of the KLF4 gene in 47 gastric adenomas and 81 gastric adenocarcinomas. Mutational analysis revealed one mutation of the KLF4 gene in a diffuse‐type advanced gastric adenocarcinoma, but not in the gastric adenoma. This mutation was a somatic missense mutation, GGG→AGG (Gly→Arg) at codon 107 in exon 3, which encodes a transcriptional activation domain of the protein. An allelic loss was found in 7 (22.6%) of the 31 informative gastric adenoma cases and 15 (31.3%) of the 48 informative cancer cases at one or both markers. In addition, promoter hypermethylation of the KLF4 gene was observed in only two gastric cancers. These results suggest that genetic and epigenetic alterations of the KLF4 gene might play a minor role in gastric carcinogenesis.
Increase of phosphatidylethanolamine N‐methyltransferase activity in the small bowel brush‐border membrane after massive intestinal distal resection in rats
Authors: FURTADO VALÉRIA CRISTINA SOARES , BRAULIO VALERIA BENDER , ZUCOLOTO SÉRGIO , IGLESIAS ANTONIO CARLOS
Published: July 2007

Phosphatidylcholine plays an important role for the structure and function of the cell membrane, and its synthesis from phosphatidylethanolamine is catalyzed by phosphatidylethanolamine N‐methyltransferase (PEMT). This study investigates changes in PEMT activity in the intestinal brush border membrane after extensive distal enterectomy (60%) in 40 Wistar rats. Four groups, each of 10 rats, were killed immediately after surgery (day 0) and on the 7th, 14th and 28th day postoperatively. Samples from jejunum were collected for histomorphometry and PEMT activity was determined by measuring the incorporation of [3H]‐methyl groups from S‐adenosyl‐L‐(methyl‐3H)‐methionine into phospholipids. Enterectomy induced 30%, 48% and 21% increases in the jejunum villus cell population, and 32%, 81%, and 32% in the crypt cell population at postoperative days 7, 14, and 28, respectively. PEMT activity increased 41% at day 14, suggesting functional differentiation, remaining at this level until day 28, when a reduction in the epithelial cell population was observed, thus indicating that adaptation was completed. The observed increase in PEMT‐specific activity in the residual intestine suggests that extensive enterectomy stimulates the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine by the PEMT‐controlled pathway.
Nuclear Transport of Kir/Gem Requires Specific Signals and Importin α5 and Is Regulated by Calmodulin and Predicted Serine Phosphorylations
Authors: Mahalakshmi Ramasubbu N. , Nagashima Kazuaki , Ng Mei Yong , Inagaki Nobuya , Hunziker Walter , Béguin Pascal
Published: July 2007

Kir/Gem, together with Rad, Rem and Rem2, is a member of the RGK small GTP‐binding protein family. These multifunctional proteins regulate voltage‐gated calcium channel (VGCC) activity and cell‐shape remodeling. Calmodulin and 14‐3‐3 binding modulate the functions of RGK proteins. Intriguingly, abolishing the binding of calmodulin or calmodulin and 14‐3‐3 results in nuclear accumulation of RGK proteins. Under certain conditions, the Cavβ3‐subunit of VGCCs can be translocated into the nucleus along with the RGK proteins, resulting in channel inactivation. The mechanism by which nuclear localization of RGK proteins is accomplished and regulated, however, is unknown. Here, we identify specific nuclear localization signals (NLS) in Kir/Gem that are both required and sufficient for nuclear transport. Importin α5 binds to Kir/Gem, and its depletion using RNA interference impairs nuclear translocation of this RGK protein. Calmodulin and predicted phosphorylations on serine residues within or in the vicinity of a C‐terminal bipartite NLS regulate nuclear translocation by interfering with the association between importin
α5 and Kir/Gem. These predicted phosphorylations, however, do not affect Kir/Gem‐mediated calcium channel downregulation but rather, as shown in the accompanying paper (Mahalakshmi RN, Ng MY, Guo K, Qi Z, Hunziker W, Béguin P. Nuclear localization of endogenous RGK proteins and modulation of cell shape remodeling by regulated nuclear transport. Traffic 2007; doi:10.1111/j.1600‐0854.2007.00599.x), interfere with cell‐shape remodeling.
Both Post‐Golgi and Intra‐Golgi Cycling Affect the Distribution of the Golgi Phosphoprotein GPP130
Authors: Starr Tregei , Forsten‐Williams Kimberly , Storrie Brian
Published: July 2007

Golgi phosphoprotein, GPP130, a cis Golgi protein, is representative of proteins cycling between the Golgi apparatus and endosomes in a pH‐sensitive manner. The present qualitative data are insufficient to distinguish the relative contributions of Golgi and endosomal processes in regulating the cycling of such proteins. We have taken a quantitative approach to analyze GPP130 distribution in response to pH perturbation. We have used Shiga‐like toxin B fragment, a protein that traffics from the cell surface and Golgi apparatus by the late endosomal bypass pathway, as a probe to highlight one aspect of GPP130 cycling and similarly the trafficking of tsO45‐green fluorescent protein (GFP) between the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane to treat that aspect of GPP130 cycling in isolation. Overall, we conclude from quantitative analysis and simulations that treatment of HeLa cells with the pH perturbant, monensin, affects GPP130 cycling at several stages with effects on (i) intra‐Golgi cycling, (ii) trans Golgi to endosome transport and (iii) endosome to Golgi transport. Our analysis indicates that the effect is greatest at the trans Golgi, the most acidic portion of the Golgi apparatus. In sum, multiple, regulated steps affect the trafficking of GPP130.