bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting spread through air space of lung adenocarcinoma based on deep learning and machine learning models
Authors: Wang Zengming , Kong Lingxin , Li Bin , Zhao Qingtao , Zhang Xiaopeng , Zhao Huanfen , Xue Wenfei , Li Wei , Xu Shun , Duan Guochen
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop a machine learning model that can predict spread through air space (STAS) of lung adenocarcinoma preoperatively. STAS is associated with poor prognosis in invasive lung adenocarcinoma. Therefore non-invasive and accurate pre-surgical prediction of STAS in patients with lung adenocarcinoma is essential for individualised patient management.
METHODS：We included 138 patients with invasive lung adenocarcinoma who underwent lobectomy, collected their preoperative imaging data and clinical features, built a model for predicting STAS using machine learning and deep learning methods, and validated the efficacy of the model. Finally a nomogram was created based on logistic regression (LR).
RESULTS：Imaging histology features showed good model efficacy in both the training set (LR AUC=0.764) and the test set (LR AUC=0.776), and we combined the imaging histology and clinical features to jointly build a nomogram graph (AUC=0.878), extracted the deep learning features, and built a machine learning model based on the ResNET50 algorithm, where the LR AUC=0.918
CONCLUSIONS：This presented radiomics model can be served as a non-invasive for predicting STAS in Infiltrating lung adenocarcinoma.
Development and Validation of a Polyfit Approach for Assessing Alveolar Bone Loss Using Panoramic Radiography
Authors: Tian Erkang , Hong Jiawei , Tang Zihua , Ren Ruiting , Li Shuoshun , Abdulqader Abbas Ahmed , Li Mingshan , Li Juan
Published: August 2024

Background
Panoramic radiographs (PAN) are one of the most common diagnostic tools in clinical practice. Periodontal disease, the second most prevalent oral disease, significantly impacts patients' quality of life. However, there is currently no standardized and quantitative image analysis method for periodontal diagnosis. This study aims to estimate alveolar bone loss in six sections of the mouth using the Polyfit approach on panoramic radiography. This approach utilizes ratio and proportional measurements based on fixed anatomical points to improve the accuracy of assessing bone loss.
Methods
In this retrospective clinical study, we assessed alveolar bone loss (ABL) in 290 subjects. The subjects were divided into two groups based on the presence of any ABL sextants. Each tooth was manually marked with reference anatomical landmarks using Anaconda-Labelme 5.2.1 software. To evaluate the proportion ratio of ABL for each tooth, we employed the PAN-POL model based on the polyfit function to quantify bone loss across six dental segments and the entire dental arch. For the reliability of measurements, Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) was used in 30 patients. Measurements were conducted in Mimics 21.0 and compared with the model's results to validate the ABL assessment. An independent sample t-test or the intergroup rank-sum test was used to evaluate the data. Pearson’s correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were used to test and verify the correlation between CBCT and panoramic radiography. P values of > 0.05 were considered not statistically significant.
Results
The PAN-POL model demonstrated effective differentiation between resorption and non-resorption groups, and the groups based on two classification achieving statistical significance (P < 0.05), and the ratio results were consistent with those from CBCT (P > 0.05), indicating no significant difference. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) results for reliability testing among two experts for both PAN and CBCT were steadily 0.83 ± 0.06 and 0.93 ± 0.06 (ICC>0.75).
Conclusion
In this study, the PAN-POL model accurately measured ABL in panoramic images by incorporating standard anatomical landmarks. This model aids in Periodontal Screening and Recording, serving as a novel, valuable and intuitive tool for initial periodontal diagnosis.
TMS-Evoked Potentials: Neurophysiological Biomarkers For Diagnosis And Prediction Of Response To Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt In Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Authors: Davidy Tal , Anis Saar , Suminski Alexandra , Zauberman Yakov , Fay-Karmon Tsvia , Saar Adi , Zifman Noa , Fogel Hilla , Abulher Eden , Lesman-Segev Orit , Hassin-Baer Sharon
Published: August 2024

Background: Current practice for normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) relies upon clinical presentation, imaging and invasive clinical procedures for indication of treatment with ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS).
We aimed to assess the utility of a TMS-evoked potential (TEP)-based evaluation, for prediction of response to VPS in NPH, as an alternative for the cerebrospinal fluid tap test (CTT).
Methods
37 "possible iNPH" patients and 16 age-matched healthy controls (HC) were included. All subjects performed Delphi (TMS-EEG and automated analysis of TEP), in response to primary motor cortex (M1) and dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC) stimulations. Sixteen patients underwent VPS and response was evaluated with change in modified Rankin Scale (MRS), clinical global impression of change (CGIC) regarding gait and the change on a repeated 3-meter timed up and Go (TUG) after 3 months.
Results
TEP Delphi-NPH index was most successful in discrimination of iNPH responders to VPS (ROC-AUC of 0.91, p=0.006) compared to other imaging (AUCEI=0.58, p=0.58; AUCTH=0.65, p=0.32; AUCCA=0.83, p=0.03) and TUG tests (AUCTUG=0.63, p=0.42; AUCCTT=0.65, p=0.35). The TEP M1 P60 and P180 latencies were earlier in responders compared to controls (pM1 P60=0.016, pM1 P180=0.009, respectively). Also, significant correlations of TEP Delphi measures were registered in comparison to the rank CGIC and magnitude of change in TUG times.
Conclusion
These initial results suggest that TEPs, may be an alternative for CTT, in prediction of response to VPS in patients suspected as iNPH, exhibiting higher efficacy with reduced patient discomfort and risks, given replication of results in a larger sample and longer follow up times.
Trial registration
The trial was registered in the Israeli ministry of health clinical trial registry. Registry number: MOH_2021-12-08_010449 https://my.health.gov.il/CliniTrials/Pages/MOH_2021-12-08_010449.aspx
The Risk Association Between Blood Pb Levels and Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Cross-sectional Study Based on the NHANES Database 1999-2018
Authors: Ning Yaxian , Zhou Xiaochun , Wang Gouqin , Zhang Lili , Wang Jianqin
Published: August 2024

Background
The onset of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is insidious, with early symptoms not being obvious. When diagnosed, it often causes serious damage to the organism. The relationship between heavy metals and diabetic nephropathy (DKD), especially the threshold, has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to further investigate the association between environmental heavy metal exposure and the risk of DKD.
Methods
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 1999 to 2018 were utilized for this study, comprising information on 1,343 participants. A baseline table was created to explore the differences in clinical characteristics between individuals with DKD and those without. Multivariate glm regression models were conducted to assess the correlation of clinical characteristics with DKD. Weighted logistic regression analysis was then employed to further confirm the stability of the correlation between exposure factors and DKD risk across populations. Finally, the independent predictive power of significantly differential clinical characteristics in DKD was explored using a nomogram. Meanwhile, the predictive accuracy of the nomogram was assessed.
Results
Clinical characteristics such as age, marital status, and serum Pb levels were significantly different between patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) with and without DKD. Serum Pb was identified as a risk factor correlated with DKD in three multivariate glm regression models (Model 1: odds ratio (OR) = 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18–1.54, p-value < 0.0001; Model 2: OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.05–1.34, p-value = 0.0060; Model 3: OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.19–1.61, p-value < 0.0001). After weighted logistic regression analysis, variables such as age, race, and PIR were also found to be associated with the risk of DKD. Based on these differential clinical characteristics, a nomogram was developed. Eventually, the area under the ROC curve was greater than 0.7, indicating a high degree of predictive accuracy. The calibration curve also demonstrated a good fit, and the decision curve analysis confirmed significant clinical benefit from using our nomogram.
Conclusion
The present study analyzsed data from the NHANES database and found a significant correlation between serum Pb levels and DKD, which had a non-linear relationship with a well-defined threshold.
Roman pottery production in the coast of Granada (Spain) in the early Late Antiquity: a scientific analysis of ceramics from the kiln site of Los Matagallares
Authors: Fantuzzi Leandro , Bernal-Casasola Darío , Portillo-Sotelo José L. , Díaz José Juan , Cau-Ontiveros Miguel Ángel , Kiriatzi Evangelia , Müller Noémi S. , Martínez Lourdes Lorenzo
Published: August 2024

The kiln site of Los Matagallares (Salobreña, Granada, Spain) is one of the most important pottery production sites of the Roman period in southern Iberia, particularly for the 3rd century AD. The workshop produced a wide variety of ceramics, but focused on the manufacture of amphorae for the long-distance trade of local/regional fish products, wine, and other foodstuffs, and thus played an important role in the economy of Roman Baetica during the transition to the Late Roman Empire. A combined petrographic, mineralogical, and elemental characterisation of amphorae and other ceramics from the site, using a multi-technique approach (thin-section petrography, X-ray diffraction and wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence), allowed for establishing a compositional reference group for this workshop, as well as investigating technological aspects of pottery production at the site. The definition of a compositional reference group for the particular kiln site enabled us to identify an amphora from Los Matagallares in a consumption context in the Catalan coastal city of Mataró. More generally, it will be an invaluable tool for future studies, as it will allow for the identification of products from this prolific kiln site in consumption contexts all over the Roman world, and will aid towards a better understanding of the trade connections between production areas and consumption sites in Antiquity.
Cognitive impairment in multiple system atrophy and spinocerebellar ataxias: A case series
Authors: Zhao Jing , Yin Yunsi , Yang Haoxun , Qin Qi
Published: August 2024

Background
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) and spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) share similar clinical symptoms. Therefore, it is challenging to differentiate MSA and SCAs according to clinical symptoms, especially in the early stage. Currently, the diagnosis still relies on auxiliary inspection and genetic testing. The difference in cognitive symptoms between MSA and SCAs has not been fully investigated. Hence, the aim of this study was to analyze the differences in cognitive impairment between MSA and SCAs.
Methods
Five MSA patients and 5 patients with SCAs were recruited from the memory clinic of Xuanwu Hospital from March to September 2021. We collected detailed clinical information, imaging data, neuropsychological scales and genetic analysis of the patients. Then, we compared the differences in each cognitive domain between MSA and SCA patients.
Results
Comparison of SCA and MSA patients revealed that MSA patients had lower scores on the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR). There were no statistically significant group difference in global cognitive functioning, as indicated by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores.
Conclusion
Both MSA and SCAs present with cognitive impairment, but MSA presents more obvious symptom severity.
Cell viability measured by cytotoxicity assay as a biomarker of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Lee Ye Jin , Eo Eun-Young , Joo Dong Hyun , Yoon Si-mong , Kim Hyung-Jun , Song Myung Jin , Kwon Byoung Soo , Kim Yeon Wook , Lim Sung Yoon , Lee Yeon-Joo , Park Jong Sun , Cho Young-Jae , Lee Jae Ho
Published: August 2024

Background and objective
Acute severe exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is related to high mortality; however, a robust blood biomarker for COPD exacerbation has not been established. Impaired clearance of apoptotic cells is a possible pathogenesis of COPD development. We evaluated the clinical utility of serum cell viability as a predictive biomarker for COPD exacerbation.
Methods
Using serum from patients with stable COPD, cell viability was analyzed with a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. The patients were divided into low (optical density [OD] > 0.737) and high (OD ≤ 0.737) cell viability groups. Poisson regression analyses estimated the prognostic impact for COPD exacerbation, and a Cox proportional hazard model determined the impact on mortality.
Results
Among 162 patients, 47 were excluded due to follow-up loss within 1 year, asthma or combined interstitial lung disease diagnosis, and unsuitable cell viability measurements. The median follow-up duration was 6.3 years; 61 (53%) patients experienced at least one moderate or severe exacerbation, and 21 (19.7%) died. Patients in the low cell viability group were older, more likely to have poor quality of life and had a lower proportion of the non-exacerbator phenotype than those in the high cell viability group. The low cell viability group had a higher risk of moderate (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.58; p = 0.049) and severe (IRR, 2.69; p = 0.001) exacerbations and mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 5.79; p = 0.016).
Conclusion
We identified that low cell viability, measured with a serum LDH cytotoxicity assay, was associated with severe COPD exacerbation and higher mortality in patients with COPD.
Can the 'Pregnant Index' be used as a diagnostic marker in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in pregnant women?
Authors: SEZİKLİ Ismail , TOPCU Ramazan , TUTAN Mehmet Berksun , YÜKSEK Mahmut Arif , ASLAN Orhan
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Acute appendicitis is one of the most common non-gynecological and non-obstetric causes of acute abdominal conditions requiring urgent surgery during pregnancy. Due to the similarity between the symptoms of the disease and those of pregnancy, laboratory findings become particularly important in diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate these parameters for the first time using a new index definition.
Methods
Between 2015 and 2021, a total of 120 patients were included in the study, divided into the four groups: healthy pregnant woman (HPW), healthy woman (HW), unhealthy pregnant woman (UPW), and unhealthy woman (UW). Laboratory parameters, including white blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), ischemia-modified albumin (iMA), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), were assessed.
Results
In this study, significant differences were observed in various laboratory parameters between groups, such as WBC, CRP, NLR, and PLR, indicating potential markers for differentiating between pregnant women with and without appendicitis. An index was created for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in pregnant women and was named the Pregnant Index. The Pregnant Index (PGIndex) values of pregnant women without appendicitis were compared with those of pregnant women with appendicitis. It was found that the PGIndex value was significantly higher in pregnant women with appendicitis (p < 0.001). Using the ROC curve and Youden index, the PGIndex cut-off value to best differentiate between the two groups was 10.62. This value provided a sensitivity of 73.3%, specificity of 96.7%, positive predictive value of 95.7%, negative predictive value of 78.7%, and test accuracy of 85% for identifying pregnant women with appendicitis. Compared to other markers, the PGIndex had the highest accuracy value, and it was observed that patients with a PGIndex value above 10.62 had a significantly increased likelihood of having appendicitis. These results indicate that the PGIndex is a significant marker for detecting appendicitis in pregnant women.
Conclusion
Laboratory parameters, particularly NLR and PLR, show promise as diagnostic tools for appendicitis in pregnant women. Incorporating these markers, the Pregnant Index (PGIndex) demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing between pregnant women with and without appendicitis. This is the first study using the Pregnant Index in pregnant women to diagnose appendicitis. Early diagnosis is crucial for preventing maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality associated with appendicitis during pregnancy.
Prognostic and immunological analysis of METTL16 in pan-cancer
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Zhou Chao , Hu Naihao , Xia Sijun , Zeng Kefei , Cai Jiheng
Published: August 2024

Background
METTL16 is a methyltransferase that functions as a m6A writer. In recent years, it has been demonstrated that METTL16 can participate in tumor development, but there is no report on pan-cancer analysis of METTL16. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role and mechanism of METTL16 in pan-cancer.
Methods
Through the use of multiple bioinformatics approaches, we have elucidated the role of METTL16 at the pan-cancer level in the methylation modification, DNA repair, tumor cell stemness, genome stability, and the tumor immune microenvironment, as well as its consequent impact on cancer prognosis.
Results
We found that METTL16 is differentially expressed at the transcriptional and translational levels in pan-cancer, which correlates with tumor prognosis. The methylation of METTL16, which has multiple methylation modification activities, enhances the prognosis of cancer by promoting the infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and the expression of chemokines, receptors, MHCs, and immunostimulators. In pan-cancer, the aberrant expression of METTL16 also affects DNA repair, leading to altered tumor cell stemness and gene stability. METTL16 is an important molecule involved in the reprogramming of the tumor immune microenvironment. It impacts the expression of numerous immune checkpoint genes and prevents the infiltration of immune-suppressing cells, including M2 macrophages, regulatory T cells, and Dendritic cells. And it serves as an indicator of M1 macrophages infiltration. Furthermore, the expression level of METTL16 can also reflect the outcomes of cancer treatment after chemotherapy or immunotherapy. We also conducted a screening of drugs that target METTL16 and predicted their efficacy.
Conclusions
METTL16's differential expression in pan-cancer can result in alterations to DNA repair pathways, which can influence the stemness of tumor cells and contribute to genome instability. Methylation of METTL16 and its expression level can affect the remodelling of the tumor immune microenvironment. The prognosis of patients may be affected by these changes in tumors caused by METTL16, which implies that it could be a target for anti-tumor therapy.
Facilitators and Barriers to Implementation of Early Intensive Manual Therapies for Young Children with Cerebral Palsy Across Canada
Authors: Vurrabindi Divya , Hilderley Alicia J , Kirton Adam , Andersen John , Cassidy Christine , Kingsnorth Shauna , Munce Sarah , Agnew Brenda , Cambridge Liz , Herrero Mia , Leverington Eleanor , McCoy Susan , Micek Victoria , Connor Keith O , Grady Kathleen O’ , Reist-Asencio Sandra , Tao Chelsea , Tao Stephen , Fehlings Darcy
Published: August 2024

Background: Cerebral Palsy (CP) is the most common childhood-onset motor disability. Play-based early intensive manual therapies (EIMT) is an evidence-based practice to improve long-term hand function particularly for children with asymmetric hand use due to CP. For children under two years old, this therapy is often delivered by caregivers who are coached by occupational therapists (OTs). However, why only a few Canadian sites implement this therapy is unclear. There is a need to identify strategies to support implementation of EIMT. The primary objective of this study was to identify the facilitators and barriers to EIMT implementation from the perspectives of (1) caregivers of children with CP, (2) OTs and (3) healthcare administrators for paediatric therapy programs.
Methods: The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was used to guide development of an online 5-point Likert scale survey to identify facilitators (scores of 4 and 5) and barriers (scores of 1 and 2) to implementation of EIMT. Three survey versions were co-designed with knowledge user partners for distribution to caregivers, OTs, and healthcare administrators across Canada. The five most frequently endorsed facilitators and barriers were identified for each respondent group.
Results: Fifteen caregivers, 54 OTs, and 11 healthcare administrators from ten Canadian provinces and one territory participated in the survey. The majority of the identified facilitators and barriers were within the ‘Inner Setting’ CFIR domain, with ‘Structural Characteristics’ emerging as the most reported CFIR construct. Based on the categorization of the most frequently endorsed facilitators and barriers within the CFIR domains, the key facilitators to EIMT implementation included the characteristics of the intervention and establishing positive workplace relationships and culture. The key barriers included having workplace restrictions on EIMT delivery models and external influences (e.g., funding) on EIMT uptake.
Conclusions: We identified key facilitators and barriers to implementing EIMT from a multi-level Canadian context. These findings will inform the next steps of designing evidence-informed and theory-driven implementation strategies to support increased delivery of EIMT for children under two years old with asymmetric hand use due to CP across Canada.
Interventions That Improve the Uptake of Antenatal Care Services in	Sub-saharan Africa: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Galadanci Hadiza , Maiyaki Baba Musa , Omeje Ifesinachi Joy , Farouk Zubaida , Yakasai Ahmed MaiFada , Owolabi Lukman Femi , Odjesa Emomine , Onoh Vivian , Okonofua Friday , Ogaji Daprim , Ndiaye Ousmane , Sowemimo Abimbola , Muula Adamson
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Despite 70% of global maternal deaths occurring in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), antenatal care (ANC) still remains underutilized with diverse, inconsistent impact from interventions. This systematic review identifies the most effective interventions to improve ANC uptake in the region, aiming to inform policy decisions and ultimately reduce maternal and perinatal mortality.
Methods: A systematic review of studies published between 2000 and 2022 was conducted to identify effective interventions that improve ANC uptake in SSA. Studies were screened using Rayyan softwareâ, and data was extracted by two reviewers. Interventions included ICT interventions, financial incentives, mobile clinics, and pharmacological interventions. Studies were included if they were conducted in SSA, and if they reported on maternal-fetal outcomes. Data was synthesized using a narrative and graphic approach and meta-analysis was conducted using the empirical Bayes method. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's and Begg's tests and addressed using the Trim and Fill method.
Results: In an analysis of 17 studies, which all either had the cluster-randomized controlled trial or randomized controlled trial study design, we investigated the effectiveness of diverse interventions in increasing ANC attendance. Our findings revealed an overall increase in ANC utilization across all interventions (OR=3.94, RR=1.16). Sub-group analysis further identified studies jointly reported from Kenya and Nigeria as demonstrating the highest impact. However, a crucial caveat emerged with the detection of publication bias, prompting cautious interpretation, and emphasizing the need for further research.
Conclusion: Our analysis offers valuable insights for policymakers aiming to optimize interventions and maximize ANC uptake, potentially paving the way for improved maternal and perinatal outcomes in SSA.
Circulating Hsp70 - a tumor biomarker for lymph node metastases and early relapse in thoracic cancer
Authors: Lobinger Dominik , Taylor Nicholas , Messner Verena , Seier Sophie , Bodner Johannes , Roberts Erika , Dezfouli Ali Bashiri , Pockley Alan Graham , Safi Seyer , Multhoff Gabriele
Published: August 2024

Background: Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) which is frequently overexpressed in many different cancer types is also present on the plasma membrane of tumor but not normal cells. The intensity of membrane-expressed Hsp70 (mHsp70) is associated with disease progression and treatment resistance. It has also been shown that Hsp70 can be actively released into the circulation by mHsp70 positive, viable tumor cells in the form of extracellular lipid microvesicles expressing mHsp70, the levels of which might therefore act as a potential biomarker for tumor aggressiveness in lung malignancies.
Methods: Extracellular Hsp70 (eHsp70) was measured in the plasma of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (n=178, NSCLC) and lung metastases of extrathoracic tumors (n=35) prior to surgery using the Hsp70-exo ELISA which detects microvesicle-associated Hsp70 and the patient`s immunophenotype was determined by flow cytometric analysis of the corresponding peripheral blood lymphocytes.
Results: eHsp70 values were significantly higher in patients with NSCLC than in healthy individuals, with no differences between adeno and squamous cell carcinomas. Levels of circulating Hsp70 gradually increased from early stage to metastatic disease, and patients with lymph node metastases in surgically treatable NSCLC had significantly higher eHsp70 levels than nodal negative patients. In all tumor stages, total lymphocyte counts were significantly reduced and Treg counts were increased compared to healthy controls. Lower CD4+ T helper cell and higher CD3-/CD56+/CD94+/CD69+/NKp30+/NKp46+ NK cell ratios were only found in patients with thoracic metastases of other primary tumors. An early relapse after complete resection with curative intent correlated with significantly elevated eHsp70 levels, which were measured prior to surgery, in all lung cancer patients.
Conclusions: In summary, we propose circulating eHsp70 levels as a predictive biomarker for the presence of lymph node metastases and early therapy failure in patients with thoracic malignancies.
ResSAT: Enhancing Spatial Transcriptomics Prediction from H&E- Stained Histology Images with Interactive Spot Transformer
Authors: Liu Anqi , Zhao Yue , Shen Hui , Ding Zhengming , Deng Hong-Wen
Published: August 2024

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) revolutionizes RNA quantification with high spatial resolution. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) images, the gold standard in medical diagnosis, offer insights into tissue structure, correlating with gene expression patterns. Current methods for predicting spatial gene expression from H&E images often overlook spatial relationships. We introduce ResSAT (Residual networks - Self-Attention Transformer), a framework generating spatially resolved gene expression profiles from H&E images by capturing tissue structures and using a self-attention transformer to enhance prediction. Benchmarking on 10x Visium datasets, ResSAT significantly outperformed existing methods, promising reduced ST profiling costs and rapid acquisition of numerous profiles.
Integration of Modbus Ethernet Communication for Real-Time Electrical Power Consumption, Temperature, and Humidity Monitoring System
Authors: Le Long Ho , Nguyen Duc Toan , Bui Hong Phong , Nguyen Chi Cuong , Ngo Thanh Quyen
Published: August 2024

Effective management of electrical energy requires monitoring, controlling, and storing parameters gathered from power measurement devices including voltage, current, and power factor. This assessment of the quality of electrical energy is essential for management organizations, power companies, and individual consumers to develop efficient electricity usage plans. In this paper, we propose a hardware implementation for data collection and online communication software integrated with a system for collecting data on consumption of electrical energy. The EM115-Mod CT multifunction industrial meters by the FINECO, the KLEA 220P three-phase multifunction meter by the KLEMSAN, and the ME96SS–ver.B by MITSUBISHI are firstly utilized. Finally, the collected data of voltage, current, electrical consumption, temperature, and humidity can be stored on the SD card and transmitted to the cloud for real-time monitoring on mobile devices facilitated by the ESP-WROOM-32 microcontroller from the Espressif system. The obtained results showed that the temperature and the humidity changed gradually with time and remained within the standard range of temperature and relative humidity.
The Effects of Nutrition on Depression in Older Adults Living in Nursing Homes: A Dilemma or a Vicious Circle?
Authors: POYRAZ Turan , Cilengiroglu Ozgul Vupa , Oy Nil Bruk
Published: August 2024

Background This study intends to evaluate the effects of nutritional status on depression and other geriatric syndromes in older adults living in nursing homes.
Methods In this cross-sectional study, the GDS-30 and Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) were used to assess depression and malnutrition, respectively. Cognitive functions were assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the independent associations among the MNA score, GDS score and MMSE score. Data collection was performed prospectively through random, face-to-face interviews in nursing homes.
Results A total of 126 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The average age of the participants in the study group was 77.05±5.68 (median=76.0) years. According to the Kruskal‒Wallis test, a statistically significant difference was found between the median GDS score and the median age in the MNA score categories (p<0.05). The risk of malnutrition was approximately 10 times greater in patients with dementia (OR = 10.22).
Conclusions The results indicate a strong association between depression and malnutrition in the elderly population. The relationship between malnutrition, depression and cognitive impairment in elderly individuals with chronic neurological diseases living in nursing homes coincides with the data obtained regarding the disruption of the gut-brain-axis (GBA) through neuroimmunoendocrine pathways and the inability to maintain homeostatic balance in the central nervous system (CNS).
Clinical features of cytomegalovirus retinitis, A retrospective analysis of 90 patients
Authors: Zhang Yan , Yu lei , Li Na , Zhang Ge
Published: August 2024

Background To analyze the clinical features of patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis and provide evidence for a better understanding of the disease.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical manifestations of 90 patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis. The analysis included general data, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, anterior segment examination, vitreous body examination, and color fundus photography.Results The patients' ages ranged from 1 to 64 years, with 59 males and 31 females. Among the 90 patients, 18 had acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) as a secondary condition, 70 had various types of hematological diseases following bone marrow transplantation, 1 had a history of thymus extraction, and 1 had congenital autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Of the affected eyes, 35 cases were monocular and 55 were binocular. Anterior chamber inflammation was observed in 67 eyes out of 145 affected eyes, while 40 eyes showed significant vitreous inflammation. Some cases exhibited typical "cheese and ketchup" changes during fundus examination, with various fundus manifestations observed. Based on the extent and location of the lesions, they were classified into diffuse, hemilateral, and focal types.Conclusion Cytomegalovirus retinitis is more prevalent among immunodeficient individuals rather than those with normal immune systems. Regular eye examinations are recommended for patients of AIDS diagnosis and bone marrow transplantation. Understanding the clinical characteristics of the disease can aid in early diagnosis and treatment.
Body image alterations in eating disorders patients: a systematic review of neuroimaging studies
Authors: de Carvalho Marcela Nunes Paulino , Dias Manuela Capezzuto Fernandes , Nogueira Thiago De Raphael , Cordás Táki Athanássios , Teixeira Paula Costa
Published: August 2024

Body image distortion (BID) is a core diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and purging disorder. Binge eating disorder (BED) may also presents this symptom, however, it isn't yet a criteria recognized by DSM-V. It's speculated whether there are neurobiological factors that may collaborate with EDs vulnerability and maintenance. We aimed to discuss, through a systematic review, BID's neurobiology through studies that used neuroimaging tools in patients with AN, BN, purging disorder and BED. Review was developed using guideline PRISMA recommendation, following 27-step checklist and four-phase flowchart. In May and August 2021, following databases were consulted: Lilacs, Scielo, Pepsic, APA/Psycnet, Pubmed, Scopus, Bireme, Cochrane. 1,532 articles were found and 2.02% were included in this research. Body image distortion seems associated with paralimbic structures (cingulate cortex and insula); default-mode network; parietal, temporal and occipital structures. Paralimbic structures and default-mode network were associated with a change regarding the subjective self (material self) and ego. It's also possible to infer that these patients present a perceptual error of judgment and excess of self reference and self-investment in themselves, whose attempt would be to resolve the perceptual error, reinforcing ED dysfunctional behaviors.
Profiling Expression of Brac2 Gene in Cases of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders-a Pilot Study.
Authors: - ARUSHI , jain Hrithik
Published: August 2024

Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMD) are heterogenous mucosal lesions of oral cavity, which when compared to their normal and other diseased counterparts, are prone to have increased probability/ risk of transformation to malignancy i.e. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). Once diagnosed, they pose challenge because of the intrinsic potential to develop into OSCC. So, for a proper follow-up and continued monitoring of such lesions, a common marker which could be applied on the tissues presents itself in results microscopically in such a way that is not only precise and accurate for the prediction of transforming rate, but also draws instant attention to the lesion to halt the progression and prevent further morbidity and financial constraints. Carcinogenesis is a multi-step, multi-gene, and multi-stage complex process involving the oncogene activation and inactivation of tumour suppressor genes. Thereby, not only knowing and the genes is important for diagnosis, but also the molecular pathogenesis and the protein formation underlying disease progression is important, which would help not only in knowing the disease process, but also to identify and prevent the disease beforehand to improve patient’s life outcomes. Thereby, this study identified the expression of tumour suppression gene (TSG), BRAC2 gene, in cases of both OSCC and OPMDs. The results showed that with increased grade and severity of the lesion, the expression of this gene was not seen in either category of the lesions. Thereby, we conclude that a large no of sample size study would be the need to confirm the findings.
The association between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and covert brain infarction after carotid endarterectomy: a single center retrospective study
Authors: Han Yunfeng , Lai Xuan , Zhang Hua , Yang Jun , Wang Tao
Published: August 2024

Background
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a biomarker which is related with inflammation and atherosclerosis. Higher NLR is associated with vulnerability of carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Covert brain infarction (CBI) following carotid endarterectomy (CEA) indicates poor prognosis in cognization. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between NLR and CBI in patients who accepted CEA.
Methods
In this observational and retrospective cohort study, 333 patients who underwent CEA due to severe carotid artery stenosis were enrolled. NLR was acquired from routine blood tests upon admission. Postoperative CBI was detected on magnetic resonance imaging. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between NLR and CBI.
Results
Patients with CBI had higher NLR (CBI patients: 2.45[1.76–3.58] vs non-CBI patients: 2.31[1.82–2.88]; P = 0.05). NLR is a strong independent factor predicting the risk of CBI following CEA (odds ratio [OR], 1.740; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.325–2.286; P < 0.001). Furthermore, the predictive risk value by NLR is not affected by other related factors.
Conclusions
NLR is associated with the risk of CBI in patients underwent CEA. NLR is a convenient and low-cost biomarker that can be used for risk stratification management of perioperative carotid stenosis patients.
Causal Relationship between Peripheral Immune Cell Counts and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Bi-directional Two-sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Huang Xueping , Wang Hao , Li Xingang , Shi Haiyun
Published: August 2024

Background Observational studies have described an association between peripheral immune cell counts and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), but the exact causal relationship between them remains unclear. Therefore, a bi-directional two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) study was conducted to explore this potential causality.Methods GWAS summary data for peripheral immune cell counts were obtained from Blood Cell Consortium with 563,085 subjects of European ancestry, and data for IBD, Cronh’s disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC) were obtained from five independent cohorts with 368,819 subjects of European ancestry. Single-variable Mendelian randomization (SVMR) was performed and followed by multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) to assess the causal effects of peripheral immune cell counts on IBD risk.Results SVMR estimates showed that genetically predicted higher leukocytes [odds ratio (OR): 1.225, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.027–1.452, P = 0.027] and neutrophils (OR: 1.281, 95% CI: 1.044–1.572, P = 0.018) increased risk of CD, and higher eosinophils increased risk of UC (OR: 1.288, 95% CI: 1.067–1.412, P = 0.005). In MVMR, the effects of neutrophils (OR: 1.653, 95% CI: 1.139–2.405, P = 0.010) and eosinophils (OR: 1.303, 95% CI: 1.016–1.668, P = 0.040) were still significant. Reverse MR analysis showed higher basophils (OR: 1.013, 95% CI: 1.001–1.014, P = 0.049) and eosinophils (OR: 1.012, 95% CI: 1.004–1.023, P = 0.027), and lower lymphocytes (OR: 0.993, 95% CI: 0.984-0,997, P = 0.015) in patients with IBD, with specific increases in neutrophils for CD (OR: 1.011, 95% CI: 1.005–1.014, P = 0.044) and basophils for UC (OR: 1.012, 95% CI: 1.004–1.023, P = 0.013).Conclusions These findings imply that increased peripheral neutrophil and eosinophil counts are potential causal risk factors for IBD, and IBD could affect the level of basophil, neutrophil, and lymphocyte count in turn. Our results may offer potential insights for the development of biomarkers and targeted treatment strategies for IBD.
Lifestyles and socioeconomic status associated with sleep duration and quality of Gangwon Province residents
Authors: Yim Soo Hwan , Kim Si-Yeon , Park Woong-Sub
Published: August 2024

Background
Sleep health-related indicators are deeply associated with social status and income level. Differences in sleep duration and quality in the USA varied based on race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. National studies or studies focusing on the residents of metropolitan areas may only reflect a part of Korea.
Objective
We aimed to explore the relationship between sleep health and lifestyles, as well as socioeconomic status in Gangwon Province.
Methods
The present study utilized raw data from the 2018 Korean Community Health Survey (KCHS) conducted by the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The KCHS is a cross-sectional survey with a study population drawn from multistage, stratified area probability samples of civilian, non-institutionalized Korean households in Gangwon Province. Using data from the KCHS of 1,296,218 Korean individuals residing in Gangwon Province (648,888 men and 647,330 women), we conducted cross-sectional analysis with sex subgroup analysis. Sleep duration was classified into three groups—short (< 7 hours), medium (7–9 hours), and long (> 9 hours). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score was used to classify sleep quality into two groups—poor (PSQI > 5) and good sleep (PSQI ≤ 5).
Results
Poor sleep quality was associated with lower income, low education level, irregular breakfast patterns, old age (> 50), higher subjective stress, diabetes, and depression.
Conclusion
Sleep health is closely related to the socioeconomic status among Gangwon Province residents.
Enhancing Trade Prediction of Environmental Goods: Integrating Traditional Gravity Models with Machine Learning
Authors: Park Wan , Kwon Oh-Jin , Chun Hong-Woo , Kwon Lee-Nam
Published: August 2024

This research investigates the efficacy of integrating traditional gravity models with deep learning methodologies to predict trade flows of environmental goods. By merging machine learning with the gravity model, this study aims to enhance the accuracy of import and export predictions across various sectors. Analysing a comprehensive dataset spanning a 20-year period and employing advanced machine learning techniques, the paper identifies key variables (GDP, distance, common language, landlocked, etc.) influencing trade predictions and assesses their contributions within the models. The findings reveal that machine learning-enhanced models significantly improve predictive accuracy over the standalone use of traditional gravity models. This highlights the potential of combining advanced computational techniques with conventional economic models to better understand and forecast environmental goods trade dynamics. This study not only contributes to theoretical advancements in trade prediction but also offers practical insights for policymakers aiming to facilitate trade in environmental goods, ultimately supporting global sustainability efforts.
Analysis of functional outcomes and complications of tibial bone defects treated with Ilizarov bone transport technique
Authors: Feng Dongwei , wang jidong , Jiao Baoliang , zhang yaxin , Jia Heping , Ma Chuang
Published: August 2024

Background
Trifocal bone transport (TF) rather than bifocal bone transport (BF) can shorten the treatment time when treating of large bone defect in tibia. However, few studies have reported efficacy and complications among different bone transport.
Aim
To evaluate the effectiveness and complications of bone transport technique for the treatment of large bone defect in tibia.
Methods
The retrospective study including 48 patients who underwent bone transport for the treatment of large bone defect in tibia from May 2015 to September 2019. A total of 30 were treated by bifocal bone transport (BF group) and 18 by trifocal bone transport (TF group). Patient demographic data, intraoperative outcomes, postoperative variables, complications and clinical outcomes of the two groups were recorded and compared at a minimum follow-up of 24 months. Postoperative complications were also evaluated according to Paley classification. Based on the Association for the Study and Application of Methods of Ilizarov (ASAMI) standard, the bone and functional results were evaluated at the last clinical follow-up.
Results
All patients with an average follow-up of 23 months. All patients achieved complete union in the docking site and consolidation in the regenerate bone. Compared to the BF group, the TF group had a longer bone defect length(9.08 ± 1.74 > 6.33 ± 3.15, P < 0.01) but a shorter external fixation index (42.22 ± 2.41 < 65.82 ± 6.98, P < 0.001). The mean number of complications per patient was 1.6 and 1.7 for BF and TF patients (P > 0.05). At the postoperative follow-up, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the bone and functional results (P > 0.05).
Conclusion
For tibial bone defects, both bifocal and trifocal bone transport can achieve good clinical results. Compared to the bifocal bone transport, The trifocal bone transport can significantly shorten the external fixation index without increasing the incidence of associated complications.
Preparation of pH-sensitive carboxymethyl cellulose/bovine serum protein complex particles and investigation of their drug carrying capacity
Authors: Zheng Kaiqiang , Quan Ziang , Wang Xiaohui , Zhou ShiHao , Wang Kuo , Cui Meng
Published: August 2024

In this work, structurally stable and high-performance drug deliver composite particles were prepared successfully through a portable and simple electrostatic self-assembly method with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and bovine serum protein (BSA). When regulating the pH value of the system lower than the isoelectric point of BSA, it exhibited positivity and was assembled with CMC through electrostatic attraction. The prepared composite particles were characterized, and different factors impacting on the composite materials were investigated. Amoxicillin and theophylline were selected as the experimental drugs to test the drug sustained-release performance of the composite particles. Results indicated that the composite particles possessed uniform shape, with an average particle size of 255 nm before heating and a PDI of 0.16 before heating. After heating, the particle size increased to 296 nm with PDI of 0.219. The encapsulation rate of amoxicillin and theophylline were found to be 44.1% and 58.9%, and the sustained-release curve demonstrated excellent drug loading efficiency and sustained release ability. This study demonstrates the potential application of CMC, a biocompatible natural high molecular weight material, in the delivery of small molecule drugs. It also demonstrates the development potential of composite systems composed of proteins such as BSA and polysaccharides.