bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learning on Harare’s streets under COVID-19 lockdown: making a story map with street youth
Authors: Hunter Janine , Chitsiku Shaibu , Shand Wayne , Van Blerk Lorraine
Published: December 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has had disproportionate economic consequences on the urban poor, particularly on young people living on the streets. As the pandemic moves from acute to chronic phases, novel methodologies can be used to rapidly co-produce outputs and share learning opportunities with those living in urban poverty. A “story map” focusing on the effects of the pandemic and lockdown was co-produced by UK researchers with street children and youth and practitioners in Harare, Zimbabwe in June 2020. Story maps are web applications combining participant-generated visual media into online templates, with multimedia content supported by narrative accounts. This story map reveals young street participants’ experiences of lockdown, including the effects on their livelihoods, sources of food and support networks. Its purpose is to tell the “story” of street lives, and to provide an advocacy tool and learning resource for policymakers, academics and practitioners working with young homeless people.
The use of clozapine in a rural and remote region of Australia
Authors: Tahnee Bridson , Hesitha Abeysundera , Arulmathy Arunachalam , Anthea Lam , Linda Mora , Patrick McGorry , Brian O’Donoghue
Published: December 2020

Objective:

Clozapine is the most effective antipsychotic available for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Unfortunately, it is often underutilised or administered late in the treatment course, if at all. This issue is further augmented in rural and remote regions where access to treatment is sparse. This study is the first of its kind to investigate the use of clozapine in a remote and regional area of Australia with a high proportion of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander individuals.

Methods:

This study includes all individuals who were commenced on clozapine between June 2013 and June 2018. Relevant clinical information was sourced from electronic medical records and descriptive statistical analysis performed.

Results:

A total of 3850 patients with psychotic disorders were reviewed over 5 years, of whom 63 were commenced on clozapine. The majority were male ( n = 50, 79.4%) with a mean age of 33.9 years (standard deviation 11.0). A total of 34.9% ( n = 22) identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander. The mean length of time between diagnosis and commencement of clozapine was 7.2 years (standard deviation ±4.6 years), while the mean number of antipsychotic medications tried prior to clozapine was 4.2 (standard deviation ±1.6 antipsychotics). Clozapine was discontinued in 57.1% of the individuals in this study (41% within the first 12 months). The most common cause for cessation was poor compliance ( n = 19, 30.2%).

Conclusion:

While clozapine remains the most effective antipsychotic treatment, it is often commenced late in the treatment or ceased prematurely. Further work is required, particularly in remote and regional populations, to ensure treatment adherence for optimal patient outcomes.
Unsettling bodies of knowledge: Walking as a pedagogy of affect
Authors: Beyes Timon , Steyaert Chris
Published: December 2020

In this article, we connect with recent attempts to rethink management learning as an embodied and affective process and we propose walking as a significant learning practice of a pedagogy of affect. Walking enables a postdualist view on learning and education. Based on course work focused on urban ethnography, we discuss walking as affect-pedagogical practice through the intertwined activities of straying, drifting and witnessing, and we reflect upon the implications for a pedagogy of affect. In conclusion, we speculate about the potential of a pedagogy of affect for future understandings and practices of management learning.
A mixed hidden Markov model for multivariate monotone disease processes in the presence of measurement errors
Authors: Naranjo Lizbeth , Lesaffre Emmanuel , Pérez Carlos J.
Published: December 2020

Motivated by a longitudinal oral health study, the Signal-Tandmobiel® study, an inhomogeneous mixed hidden Markov model with continuous state-space is proposed to explain the caries disease process in children between 6 and 12 years of age. The binary caries experience outcomes are subject to misclassification. We modelled this misclassification process via a longitudinal latent continuous response subject to a measurement error process and showing a monotone behaviour. The baseline distributions of the unobservable continuous processes are defined as a function of the covariates through the specification of conditional distributions making use of the Markov property. In addition, random effects are considered to model the relationships among the multivariate responses. Our approach is in contrast with a previous approach working on the binary outcome scale. This method requires conditional independence of the possibly corrupted binary outcomes on the true binary outcomes. We assumed conditional independence on the latent scale, which is a weaker assumption than conditional independence on the binary scale. The aim of this article is therefore to show the properties of a model for a progressive longitudinal response with misclassification on the manifest scale but modelled on the latent scale. The model parameters are estimated in a Bayesian way using an efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo method. The model performance is shown through a simulation-based example, and the analysis of the motivating dataset is presented.
Engagement and Outcomes Associated with Contextual Annotation Features of a Digital Health Solution
Authors: Dugas Michelle , Wang Weiguang , Crowley Kenyon , Iyer Anand K. , Peeples Malinda , Shomali Mansur , Gao Guodong (Gordon)
Published: December 2020

Background:

Digital health solutions targeting diabetes self-care are popular and promising, but important questions remain about how these tools can most effectively help patients. Consistent with evidence of the salutary effects of note-taking in education, features that enable annotation of structured data entry might enhance the meaningfulness of the interaction, thereby promoting persistent use and benefits of a digital health solution.

Method:

To examine the potential benefits of note-taking, we explored how patients with type 2 diabetes used annotation features of a digital health solution and assessed the relationship between annotation and persistence in engagement as well as improvements in glycated hemoglobin (A1C). Secondary data from 3142 users of the BlueStar digital health solution collected between December 2013 and June 2017 were analyzed, with a subgroup of 372 reporting A1C lab values.

Results:

About a third of patients recorded annotations while using the platform. Annotation themes largely reflected self-management behaviors (diet, physical activity, medication adherence) and well-being (mood, health status). Early use of contextual annotations was associated with greater engagement over time and with greater improvements in A1C.

Conclusions:

Our research provides preliminary evidence of the benefits of annotation features in a digital health solution. Future research is needed to assess the causal impact of note-taking and the moderating role of thematic content reflected in notes.
Gallium maltolate has in vitro antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and is a potential treatment for COVID-19
Authors: Bernstein Lawrence R , Zhang Leike
Published: December 2020

Background

Gallium has demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory activity in numerous animal studies, and has also demonstrated direct antiviral activity against the influenza A H1N1 virus and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Gallium maltolate (GaM), a small metal-organic coordination complex, has been tested in several Phase 1 clinical trials, in which no dose-limiting or other serious toxicity was reported, even at high daily oral doses for several months at a time. For these reasons, GaM may be considered a potential candidate to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and can result in severe, sometimes lethal, inflammatory reactions. In this study, we assessed the ability of GaM to inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in a culture of Vero E6 cells.

Methods

The efficacy of GaM in inhibiting the replication of SARS-CoV-2 was determined in a screening assay using cultured Vero E6 cells. The cytotoxicity of GaM in uninfected cells was determined using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) colorimetric assay.

Results

The results showed that GaM inhibits viral replication in a dose-dependent manner, with the concentration that inhibits replication by 50% (EC50) being about 14 µM. No cytotoxicity was observed at concentrations up to at least 200 µM.

Conclusion

The in vitro activity of GaM against SARS-CoV-2, together with GaM’s known anti-inflammatory activity, provide justification for testing GaM in COVID-19 patients.
Sequential CD38 monoclonal antibody retreatment leads to deep remission in a patient with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Steinhardt Maximilian Johannes , Zhou Xiang , Krummenast Franziska , Meckel Katharina , Nickel Katharina , Böckle David , Messerschmidt Janin , Knorz Sebastian , Dierks Alexander , Heidemeier Anke , Lapa Constantin , Einsele Hermann , Rasche Leo , Kortüm Klaus Martin
Published: December 2020

We report on a currently 76-year-old female patient with relapsed/refractory (RR) multiple myeloma (MM) treated at our institution. This patient had received six lines of therapy including tandem autologous stem cell transplant, proteasome inhibitor, immunomodulatory drugs and CD38 antibody MOR202. At the last relapse, she progressed during treatment with pomalidomide and MOR202. In an individualized therapy concept, we started a multi-agent salvage therapy with pomalidomide, bortezomib, doxorubicin, dexamethasone, and CD38 antibody daratumumab (“Pom-PAD-Dara”), which resulted in a stringent complete remission with minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity after nine cycles. So far, our patient shows a progression free survival of more than 12 months. Our case demonstrates the feasibility of successful CD38 antibody retreatment in a patient with heavily pretreated CD38 antibody resistant MM.
The Refill Shoppe: A Certified B Corp on the Quest for Growth to End Plastic Pollution
Authors: Ballesteros-Sola Maria , Davidson Loretta , Farrell Edward , Hermida Crystal
Published: December 2020

The Refill Shoppe, located in Ventura (California), is a certified B Corp zero-waste social enterprise selling personal care and cleaning supplies in refillable containers. The founder, Michelle Stevens, grew up on a boat and became aware, at an early age, of how plastic pollution impacted the oceans and marine life. In 2010, her love for the Earth motivated her to start this social enterprise, The Refill Shoppe, to reduce plastic consumption and bring awareness to this environmental issue. Eight years later, her original vision had turned into a successful business selling not only in her Ventura storefront but also online. However, in late 2018, Stevens wrestled with the idea of growth and expansion to scale her impact. The case introduces students to the plastic pollution issue and the common dilemma for social entrepreneurs of impact scaling and growth. Through Stevens’ experience, students learn about the advantages and disadvantages of different growth approaches. The case is based on both secondary and primary data (in-depth interviews with the protagonist and observations). The case can be used in both social and commercial entrepreneurship courses at the undergraduate level.
The Entrepreneurship Educator: Understanding Role Identity
Authors: Wraae Birgitte , Brush Candida , Nikou Shahrokh
Published: December 2020

Significant research explores effectiveness of entrepreneurial curriculum, teaching innovations and programs, but less often studied is the role of entrepreneurship educators. The way that the educator sees his or her role relative to the students is of critical importance because this directly influences pedagogy choices, expectations for students and learning outcomes, as well as job satisfaction. While recent studies propose typologies characterizing pedagogical approaches of educators, few of these are based on the data from entrepreneurship educators. Framed within role identity theory, we conducted 13 in–depth interviews to examine how entrepreneurship educators perceive their role. Using the qualitative data analysis tool (NVivo), we analyzed how the relationship between their perceptions of their role and core value orientation is connected to teaching approaches. Results show that these educators view their roles as teacher-focused, network-focused, or student-focused and that these perspectives are associated with different perceptions of students’ role and learning objectives. Further, we find different levels of emphasis on roles and that personal core values are differentially linked to these roles. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
Cardiac Safety of Osimertinib: A Review of Data
Authors: Ewer Michael S. , Tekumalla Sri Harsha , Walding Andrew , Atuah Kwame N.
Published: December 2020

PURPOSE

Osimertinib is a third-generation, CNS-active, irreversible, oral epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) that potently and selectively inhibits both EGFR-TKI-sensitizing and T790M resistance mutations. We assess the cardiac failure risk in patients receiving osimertinib by evaluating the available data.

METHODS

Post hoc analyses of cardiac data from (1) studies in patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer, FLAURA (osimertinib, n = 279; comparator EGFR-TKI, n = 277) and AURA3 (osimertinib, n = 279; chemotherapy, n = 140), and (2) a pooled data set of patients treated with osimertinib 80 mg from across the clinical trial program (n = 1,142), including cardiac failure-related adverse events and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) reductions. An LVEF pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic analysis of the pooled data set was performed. The sponsor's global safety database was analyzed for cardiac failure-related adverse events, and a literature search was conducted.

RESULTS

Decreases in LVEF from a baseline of ≥ 10 percentage points to an absolute value of < 50% following osimertinib treatment were observed in 8 (3.1%) and 14 (5.5%) patients in FLAURA and AURA3, respectively, and in 35 (3.9%) patients in the pooled population. Most events were asymptomatic and resolved without treatment of the event or osimertinib discontinuation. The pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic analysis did not indicate a relationship between exposure to osimertinib and decreases in LVEF from baseline. The database and literature search showed no specific trend or pattern that was suggestive of a safety issue in patients receiving osimertinib.

CONCLUSION

These data do not suggest a causal relationship between osimertinib and cardiac failure. However, because of LVEF decreases that were observed in patients with cardiac risk factors before osimertinib treatment, cardiac monitoring, including an assessment of LVEF at baseline and during osimertinib treatment, is advised.
Freezing-damped impact of a water drop
Authors: Thiévenaz Virgile , Séon Thomas , Josserand Christophe
Published: December 2020

We experimentally investigate the effect of freezing on the spreading of a water drop. Whenever a water drop impacts a cold surface, whose temperature is lower than 0 °C, a thin layer of ice grows during the spreading. This freezing has a notable effect on the impact: at given Reynolds and Weber numbers, we show that lowering the surface temperature reduces the drop maximal extent. Using an analogy between this ice layer and the viscous boundary layer, which also grows during the spreading, we are able to model the effect of freezing as an effective viscosity. The scaling laws designed for viscous drop impact can therefore be applied to such a solidification problem, avoiding the recourse to a full and complex modelling of the thermal dynamics.
AMPK signaling mediates synphilin-1-induced hyperphagia and obesity in drosophila
Authors: Liu Jingnan , Wang Xiaobo , Ma Rui , Li Tianxia , Guo Gongbo , Ning Bo , Moran Timothy H. , Smith Wanli W.
Published: December 2020

Expression of synphilin-1 in neurons induces hyperphagia and obesity in a Drosophila model. However, the molecular pathways underlying synphilin-1-linked obesity remain unclear. Here, the Drosophila models and genetic tools were used to study the synphilin-1-linked pathways in energy balance by combining molecular biology and pharmacological approaches. We found that expression of human synphilin-1 in flies increased AMPK phosphorylation at Thr172 compared with non-transgenic flies. Knockdown of AMPK reduced AMPK phosphorylation and food intake in non-transgenic flies, and further suppressed synphilin-1-induced AMPK phosphorylation, hyperphagia, fat storage, and body weight gain in transgenic flies. Expression of constitutively activated AMPK significantly increased food intake and body weight gain in non-transgenic flies, but it did not alter food intake in the synphilin-1 transgenic flies. In contrast, expression of dominant-negative AMPK reduced food intake in both non-transgenic and synphilin-1 transgenic flies. Treatment with STO609 also suppressed synphilin-1-induced AMPK phosphorylation, hyperphagia and body weight gain. These results demonstrated that the AMPKsignaling pathway plays a critical role in synphilin-1-induced hyperphagia and obesity. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of synphilin-1 controlled energy homeostasis.
A glucose-starvation response governs endocytic trafficking and eisosomal retention of surface cargoes in budding yeast
Authors: Laidlaw Kamilla M. E. , Bisinski Daniel D. , Shashkova Sviatlana , Paine Katherine M. , Veillon Malaury A. , Leake Mark C. , MacDonald Chris
Published: December 2020

Eukaryotic cells adapt their metabolism to the extracellular environment. Downregulation of surface cargo proteins in response to nutrient stress reduces the burden of anabolic processes whilst elevating catabolic production in the lysosome. We show that glucose starvation in yeast triggers a transcriptional response that increases internalisation from the plasma membrane. Nuclear export of the Mig1 transcriptional repressor in response to glucose starvation increases levels of the Yap1801 and Yap1802 clathrin adaptors, which is sufficient to increase cargo internalisation. Beyond this, we show that glucose starvation results in Mig1-independent transcriptional upregulation of various eisosomal factors. These factors serve to sequester a portion of nutrient transporters at existing eisosomes, through the presence of Ygr130c and biochemical and biophysical changes in Pil1, allowing cells to persist throughout the starvation period and maximise nutrient uptake upon return to replete conditions. This provides a physiological benefit for cells to rapidly recover from glucose starvation. Collectively, this remodelling of the surface protein landscape during glucose starvation calibrates metabolism to available nutrients.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Estimation of sinking velocities using free-falling dynamically scaled models: foraminifera as a test case
Authors: Walker Matthew , Hammel Jörg U. , Wilde Fabian , Hoehfurtner Tatjana , Humphries Stuart , Schuech Rudi
Published: December 2020

The velocity of settling particles is an important determinant of distribution in extinct and extant species with passive dispersal mechanisms, such as plants, corals, and phytoplankton. Here we adapt dynamic scaling, borrowed from engineering, to determine settling velocities. Dynamic scaling leverages physical models with relevant dimensionless numbers matched to achieve similar dynamics to the original object. Previous studies have used flumes, wind tunnels, or towed models to examine fluid flows around objects with known velocities. Our novel application uses free-falling models to determine the unknown sinking velocities of planktonic foraminifera – organisms important to our understanding of the Earth's current and historic climate. Using enlarged 3D printed models of microscopic foraminifera tests, sunk in viscous mineral oil to match their Reynolds numbers and drag coefficients, we predict sinking velocities of real tests in seawater. This method can be applied to study other settling particles such as plankton, spores, or seeds.
In Vivo Measurements of Lung Volumes in Ringed Seals: Insights from Biomedical Imaging
Authors: Hermann-Sorensen Holly , Thometz Nicole M. , Woodie Kathleen , Dennison-Gibby Sophie , Reichmuth Colleen
Published: December 2020

Marine mammals rely on oxygen stored in blood, muscle, and lungs to support breath-hold diving and foraging at sea. Here, we used biomedical imaging to examine lung oxygen stores and other key respiratory parameters in living ringed seals (Pusa hispida). Three-dimensional models created from computed tomography (CT) images were used to quantify total lung capacity (TLC), respiratory dead space, minimum air volume, and total body volume to improve assessments of lung oxygen storage capacity, scaling relationships, and buoyant force estimates. Results suggest that lung oxygen stores determined in vivo are smaller than those derived from postmortem measurements. We also demonstrate that—while established allometric relationships hold well for most pinnipeds—these relationships consistently overestimate TLC for the smallest phocid seal. Finally, measures of total body volume reveal differences in body density and net vertical forces in the water column that influence costs associated with diving and foraging in free-ranging seals.
CT imaging review of uncommon peritoneal-based neoplasms: beyond carcinomatosis
Authors: Pickhardt Perry J , Perez Alberto A , Elmohr Mohab M , Elsayes Khaled M
Published: December 2020

Pathologic involvement of the peritoneum can result from a wide variety of conditions, including both neoplastic and non-neoplastic entities. Neoplastic involvement of the peritoneal ligaments, mesenteries, and spaces from malignant spread of epithelial cancers, termed peritoneal carcinomatosis, is frequently encountered at CT evaluation. However, a host of other more unusual benign and malignant neoplasms can manifest with peritoneal disease, including both primary and secondary peritoneal processes, many of which can closely mimic peritoneal carcinomatosis at CT. In this review, we discuss a wide array of unusual peritoneal-based neoplasms that can resemble the more common peritoneal carcinomatosis. Beyond reviewing the salient features for each of these entities, particular emphasis is placed on any specific clinical and CT imaging clues that may allow the interpreting radiologist to appropriately narrow the differential diagnosis and, in some cases, make an imaging-specific diagnosis.
Attitude of Brazilian dentists and dental students regarding the future role of artificial intelligence in oral radiology: a multicenter survey
Authors: Pauwels Ruben , Del Rey Yumi Chokyu
Published: December 2020

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to assess the attitude of dentists and dental students in Brazil regarding the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) in oral radiology, and to evaluate the effect of an introductory AI lecture on their attitude.

Methods:

A questionnaire was prepared, comprising statements regarding the future role of AI in oral radiology and dentistry. A lecture of approx. 1 h was prepared, comprising the basic principles of AI and a non-exhaustive overview of AI research in medicine and dentistry. Participants filled in the questionnaire prior to the lecture. After the lecture, the questionnaire was repeated.

Results:

Throughout 7 sessions at 6 locations, 293 questionnaires were collected. The majority of participants were undergraduate dental students (57%). Prior to the lecture, there was a strong agreement regarding the various future roles and expected impact of AI in oral radiology. Approximately, one-third of participants was concerned about AI. After the lecture, agreement regarding the different roles of AI in oral radiology increased, overall excitement regarding AI increased, and concerns regarding the potential replacement of oral radiologists decreased.

Conclusions:

A generally positive attitude towards AI was found; an introductory lecture was beneficial towards this attitude and alleviated concerns regarding the effect of AI on the oral radiology profession. Given the unprecedented, ongoing revolution of AI-augmented radiology, it is pivotal to incorporate AI topics in dental training curricula.
МАССОВОЕ СОЗНАНИЕ: ПРОБЛЕМА САМОДОСТАТОЧНОСТИ
Authors: Svoboda Natal’ja Fedorovna , Doronina Oksana Aleksandrovna , Ionova Irina Valerevna
Published: December 2020

Цель. Статья посвящена анализу специфики массового сознания как предмета воздействия. Актуальность исследования массового сознания ориентирована на внутреннюю логику развития самой науки, объясняющей эвристическую ценность специфики массового сознания в качестве объекта манипулирования.Метод и методология проведения работы. Методологический подход в исследовании данного феномена позволяет абстрагироваться от конкретной практики манипулирования массовым сознанием, с целью выявления его сущностных характеристик. Диалектический метод делает возможным рассмотрение массового сознания не только как объекта, но и как субъекта. Данный аспект – изучение двойственной природы массового сознания, приводит к объяснению самодостаточности последнего.Результаты. Онтологическое и гносеологическое исследование структуры массового сознания приводит к выводу, что массовое сознание – самодовлеющая сфера идеалов и императивов, ориентирующая людей в повседневной жизни. Его функционирование связано с особенностями структурной природы, позволяющей переопределять предлагаемое и содержание решаемых задач. Становится очевидным, что массовое сознание – самостоятельная реальность, что не исключает использование его в качестве инструмента, но до определенных пределов.Область применения результатов. Массовое сознание может быть моделью понимания человека, социальных процессов, а также систем информирования и пропаганды при наличии теории массового сознания. Эвристическая ценность специфики массового сознания в качестве объекта манипулирования значима для внутренней логики развития наук, изучающих данный феномен.
Barriers and Facilitators to Guideline-Adherent Pulse Oximetry Use in Bronchiolitis
Authors: Wolk Courtney Benjamin , Schondelmeyer Amanda C , Barg Frances K , Beidas Rinad , Betterncourt Amanda , Brady Patrick W , Brent Canita , Eriksen Whitney , Kinkler Grace , Landrigan Christopher P , Neergaard Rebecca , Bonafide Christopher P
Published: December 2020

METHODS: This multicenter qualitative study took place in the context of the Eliminating Monitor Overuse (EMO) SpO2 study, a cross-sectional study to establish rates of cSpO2 in bronchiolitis. We conducted semistructured interviews, informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, with a purposive sample of stakeholders at sites with high and low cSpO2 use rates to identify barriers and facilitators to addressing cSpO2 overuse. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. Analyses were conducted using an integrated approach.

RESULTS: Participants (n = 56) included EMO study site principal investigators (n = 12), hospital administrators (n = 8), physicians (n = 15), nurses (n = 12), and respiratory therapists (n = 9) from 12 hospitals. Results suggest that leadership buy-in, clear authoritative guidelines for SpO2 use incorporated into electronic order sets, regular education about cSpO2 in bronchiolitis, and visual reminders may be needed to reduce cSpO2 utilization. Parental perceptions and individual clinician comfort affect cSpO2 practice.

CONCLUSION: We identified barriers and facilitators to deimplementation of cSpO2 for stable patients with bronchiolitis across children’s hospitals with high- and low-cSpO2 use. Based on these data, future deimplementation efforts should focus on clear protocols for cSpO2, EHR changes, and education for hospital staff on bronchiolitis features and rationale for reducing cSpO2. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2020;15:XXX-XXX. © 2020 Society of Hospital Medicine
Gender Distribution in Pediatric Hospital Medicine Leadership
Authors: Allan Jessica M , Kim Juliann L , Ralston Shawn L , Paradise Black Nicole M , Blankenburg Rebecca , Shaughnessy Erin E , Fromme H Barrett
Published: December 2020

Pediatric Hospital Medicine (PHM), a field early in its development and with a robust pipeline of women, is in a unique position to lead the way in gender equity. We describe the proportion of women in divisional and fellowship leadership positions at university-based PHM programs (n = 142). When compared with the PHM field at large, women appear to be underrepresented as PHM division/program leaders (70% vs 55%; P < .001) but not as fellowship directors (70% vs 66%; P > .05). Women appear proportionally represented in associate/assistant leadership roles when compared with the distribution of the PHM field at large. Tracking these trends overtime is essential to advancing the field. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2020;15:XXX-XXX. © 2020 Society of Hospital Medicine
JACK LONDON, THE SOCIALIST DREAM OF A YOUNG POET.
Authors: Gómez López Jesús Isaías
Published: December 2020

Jack London began writing poetry in May 1897. From then on, the lyrical process, in the form of odd, single lines, stanzas and complete poems, would be present throughout his career as a novelist, essayist and short-story writer. His most ambitiously prolific period was between 1897 and 1899, and by the age of twenty-three he had already composed and published most of his poems. London’s incursion into poetry was not fortuitous, but instead was a deliberate, personal decision to enter what he hoped would be a lucrative profession. This began in May 1897, with the poem “Effusion”, which launched what was to be a short but vibrant poetic career. London’s poetry is replete with a wide variety of issues and captures the most intimate and existential expression of a young man who aspired to make poetry the literary and vocational tool with which to become a crucial figure in the promising socialist movement of the fin de siècle.
Contra las vanidades «retornantes». Por un sano uso de la crítica.
Authors: Cacciatore Giuseppe
Published: December 2020

: Este ensayo plantea el problema filosófico y ético-político representado por las «vanidades», concepto central en la Ciencia nueva, en un sentido de desideologización de toda idea de primacía de pueblos, de culturas y de filosofías. El autor conecta este tema directamente con la «nueva arte crítica», que considera desde la perspectiva de una fundamental orientación «práctica» de la filosofía viquiana
Nonsparse Learning with Latent Variables
Authors: Zheng Zemin , Lv Jinchi , Lin Wei
Published: December 2020

A New Nonsparse Learning Methodology for High-Dimensional Data Analysis Is Coming
Chilling Injury Segmentation of Tomato Leaves Based on Fluorescence Images and Improved k-Means++ Clustering
Authors: Dong Zhenfen , Men Yuheng , Li Zhengming , Liu Zhenzhen , Ji Jianwei
Published: December 2020

Highlights

Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging can be used to evaluate chilling injury.

Chilling injury area heterogeneity in the L*a*b* color space is significant.

Improved k-means++ clustering has a good segmentation effect on chilling injury.

Abstract. The application of fluorescence imaging in the detection of tomato chilling injury was investigated. With the segmentation of the chilling injury area serving as the experimental target, an algorithm based on chlorophyll fluorescence image analysis and improved k-means++ clustering was proposed. First, the extraction of lateral heterogeneity values algorithm was used to analyze the horizontal heterogeneity in five color spaces of the fluorescence images of tomato seedling leaves, and it was found that the chilling injury area was significant in the L*a*b* color space. Second, the fluorescence image was converted from the RGB color space to the L*a*b* color space, and the k-means++ algorithm was used to cluster the two-dimensional data of the a*b* space. Third, insertion sorting was used to reorder the different label regions obtained by the k-means++ clustering algorithm, and the region with the largest value was used as the target region. Finally, the binary image of the target region was filtered using a morphological noise filter, and the cold-damaged area was outputted by the mask operation. The results showed that the cold-damaged area was well segmented when the fluorescence imaging contained yellow cold traces. The mean match rate of the proposed algorithm was 37.08%, 13.52%, and 0.96% higher than that based on the HSV model and watershed algorithm, the fuzzy C-means clustering method, and the k-means clustering method, respectively. Similarly, the mean error rate was 13.69%, 5.56%, and 0.16% lower than that based on the HSV model and watershed algorithm, the fuzzy C-means clustering method, and the k-means clustering method, respectively. These findings provide a foundation for research on early warning of chilling injury by identifying the chilling injury status of tomato leaves using a computer vision method. Keywords: Chlorophyll fluorescence, Fluorescence image, Image segmentation, k-Means++.
Predicting Quality and Yield of Growing Alfalfa from a UAV
Authors: Dvorak Joseph S. , Pampolini L. Felipe , Jackson Josh J. , Seyyedhasani Hassan , Sama Michael P. , Goff Ben
Published: December 2020

Highlights

The canopy height distributions from photogrammetry were mostly Gaussian distributions.

The mean canopy height and standard deviation from photogrammetry can be used to predict yield and nutritive values.

Including average field maturity and pest pressures improves the models to R2 values of around 0.8.

The best predictive model types were generally Gaussian random processes.

Abstract. Alfalfa producers would be able to manage their crop production practices better if they knew the distribution of yield and nutritive values of the alfalfa growing throughout their fields. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with cameras and photogrammetry techniques provide methods to quickly capture the plant canopy structure at field scale. The goal of this study was to determine how to use the point clouds produced by the photogrammetry process to estimate the yield and nutritive value of alfalfa throughout its growth cycle. During the 2017 growing season, weekly measurements were taken of 1 m2 quadrats (~20 per week, 325 total) in a field of alfalfa managed for forage production. Measurements in each quadrat included manual measurements of maximum and average height, weed presence, disease damage, insect damage, maturity level, stand plant density, and many images of the quadrat from a UAV. After processing to remove outliers, the canopy heights from the photogrammetry point clouds were largely Gaussian distributions. Models were developed using supervised machine learning to estimate yield and nutritive values, including acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and crude protein (CP), with different numbers of predictor (input) variables. Simple models with two predictor variables were only based on the mean and standard deviation of the heights of the photogrammetry point cloud. The models with three predictor variables added average field maturity level. Finally, the models with six predictor variables added weed presence, insect damage, and disease damage. A linear regression with all interaction terms was found to be the best type of model for predicting yield with six variables. For all other outputs and numbers of predictor variables, a Gaussian random process (GRP) model was best. The models improved with additional predictor variables, so the six-variable models were best able to predict yield and nutritive value. The R2 values for the six-variable models for predicting yield, ADF, NDF, and CP were 0.81, 0.81, 0.78, and 0.79, respectively. Keywords: Alfalfa, Machine learning, Nutritive value, Photogrammetry, Unmanned aerial vehicle, Yield.
“WHAT’S FOREIGN IS BETTER”: A FUZZY AHP ANALYSIS TO EVALUATE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE FOREIGN PRODUCT CHOICE AMONG INDIAN CONSUMERS
Authors: Lohan Amanish , Ganguly Anirban , Kumar Chitresh
Published: December 2020

Emerging economies across the globe have observed drastic changes in consumer purchasing behavior in the last three decades. This has been attributed to rapid globalization, coupled with technological advancement that has led to consumer affinity towards foreign brands. In this paper an attempt has been made to understand this affinity towards foreign brands across product categories. We used the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process to evaluate the factors that influence foreign product purchasing behavior among Indian consumers. A set of five important influencing factors were identified and responses from over 100 Indian consumers were collected across five product categories (automobiles, home appliances, apparel, cosmetics and watches). It was found that for apparel, watches and cosmetics, perceived quality of the brand/product was the most valued attribute. Whereas, for home appliances the country of origin mattered the most, and for watches perceived quality as well as country of manufacture were equally important. The findings of this study will help shape marketing strategies for foreign brands trying to make inroads or gain market share in emerging markets like India
PRIORITY VECTOR ESTIMATION: CONSISTENCY, COMPATIBILITY, PRECISION
Authors: Lipovetsky Stan
Published: December 2020

Various methods of priority vector estimation are known in the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). They include the classical eigenproblem method given by Thomas Saaty, developments in least squares and the multiplicative approach, robust estimation based on transformation of the pairwise ratios to the shares of preferences, and other approaches. In this paper, the priority vectors are completed with validation of data consistency, comparisons of vectors’ compatibility, and estimation of precision for matrix approximation by vectors. The numerical results for different data sizes and consistency show that the considered methods reveal useful features, are simple and convenient, and capable of facilitating practical applications of the AHP in solving various multiple-criteria decision making problems.
Hopping on the brand boycotting bandwagon on Facebook: Because of the issue, others, or self-enhancement?
Authors: Ginder Whitney , Kwon Wi-Suk
Published: December 2020

This study examines the influences of boycott issue importance, others’ boycott participation (i.e., the number of ‘likes’ on the brand boycott Facebook page), and scope for self-enhancement on consumers’ intentions to participate in brand boycotts on Facebook. Results of an online experiment revealed that others’ participation and boycott issue importance positively impacted consumers’ perceived scope for self-enhancement as well as their active boycott participation intentions. Further, perceived issue importance also positively influenced passive boycott participation intentions. In addition, scope for self-enhancement mediated the effects of others’ participation and boycott issue importance on both active and passive boycott participation intentions. Findings aid in enhancing brands’ understanding of what drives consumers to engage in virtual brand boycotting within digital media environments and may be used to develop more successful mediation strategies. This study empirically extends traditional consumer boycotting theory to virtual environments and reveals the potential for different boycott motivations within socially dynamic, digital environments.
Shopping orientations of youth: Evidence from India
Authors: Paulose Daly , Veliyath Olivia
Published: December 2020

India boasts of being the sixth largest consumer market in the world and home to the world’s largest youth population. Despite the strategic role played by this segment in spearheading India’s consumption movement, little academic research has gone into understanding their shopping orientations and behaviour. This study seeks to bridge the gap in extant research by examining shopping orientations of young adults using a modified version of a consumer styles inventory (CSI) adapted to the Indian context. The cross-cultural generalisability of the modified CSI is validated empirically, through random sampling of 630 young adults from South India. Principal Component Analysis is used to summarise the 46 initial variables into smaller sets of 35 composites that load onto 11 factors that explain 62% of the variance. The resultant factor structure, confirmed using CFA is found to demonstrate good fit to the data. Researchers also explore the predictive influence of shopping orientation on subsequent shopping behaviour. The results confirm the cross-national relevance of the original CSI scale while identifying three new traits specific to the Indian context. Apart from Recreational, Brand Conscious, Quality Conscious, Price conscious, Impulsive, Habitual, Novelty-oriented and Confused shoppers, the Indian sample is found to additionally include diligent shoppers, convenience seekers and uninterested shoppers. Shopping orientation significantly impacts the time and amount spent on shopping pursuits differently across gender groups and also predicts preference for online/offline store formats among young shoppers. Apart from being one of the few empirical studies profiling India’s youth based on their shopping orientations using the CSI inventory, the present research also reflects on inconsistencies in the available research literature. It has a captive audience in consumer groups and policy makers interested in the evolving consumption culture in India and also in retailers seeking segmentation and targeting insights for eliciting patronage from young consumer cohorts.
Electronically reconfigurable unit cell for transmit-reflect-arrays in the X-band
Authors: Chen Qinzhuo , Saifullah Yasir , Yang Guo-Min , Jin Ya-Qiu
Published: December 2020

This paper proposes an electronically reconfigurable unit cell for transmit-reflect-arrays in the X-band, which makes it possible to control the reflection or transmission phase independently by combining the mechanisms of reconfigurable transmitarrays and reconfigurable reflectarrays. The fabricated unit cell was characterized in a waveguide simulator. The return loss in the reflection mode and insertion loss in the transmission mode are smaller than 1.8 dB for all states at 10.63 GHz, and a 1-bit phase shift for both modes is achieved within 180° ± 10°. When compared to full-wave electromagnetic simulation results, the proposed unit cell shows good results and is thus verified.
Integrated non-blocking optical router harnessing wavelength- and mode-selective property for photonic networks-on-chip
Authors: Han Xu , Xiao Huifu , Jiang Yongheng , Ren Guanghui , Zhang Pu , Tan Jianzong , Yang Jianhong , Mitchell Arnan , Tian Yonghui
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a 4×4 non-blocking optical router utilizing 8 mode (de)multiplexers and a 4×4 microring-based grid network, which can passively assign signals carried by optical wavelength and mode channels from an arbitrary input port to corresponding output ports without additional switch time, realizing the non-blocking property. The proposed device is fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator platform using the standard Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication processes. The insertion loss is lower than 5.7 dB including the loss of the auxiliary mode (de)multiplexers (AMUXs), while the crosstalk is lower than −15.6 dB for all routing states. Moreover, the transmission spectra from the input ports to the next cascading device are also measured to demonstrate the feasibility of further expanding via cascading multiple blocks, with the insertion loss and crosstalk lower than 7.1 dB (including the mode coupling loss of AMUXs) and −16.4 dB, respectively. The 12 Gbps dynamic transmission experiment is demonstrated with clear and open eye diagrams, illustrating the utility of the device. The device has high geometrical symmetry and good scalability, we exhibit all solutions to expand the 4×4 optical router to 8×8 and 16×16 optical routers with the advantages and deficiencies of each solution discussed.
Room temperature, nanosecond, 60 mJ/pulse Fe:ZnSe master oscillator power amplifier system operating at 3.8-5.0 µm
Authors: Martyshkin Dmitry , Karki Krishna , Fedorov Vladimir , Mirov Sergey
Published: December 2020

We report on a RT gain-switched Fe:ZnSe master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) system tunable over 3.8–5.0 µm pumped by radiation of Er:YAG laser operating at 2.94 µm. The mechanically Q-switched Er:YAG laser with output energy up to 220 mJ was used as a pump source for a master oscillator and three-stage power amplifier. The maximum output energies in 200 ns pulses exceeded 60, 56, and 48 mJ at 4.4, 4.3, and 4.1 µm, respectively, under 220 mJ of pump energy. The extraction energy efficiencies were measured to be 25, 30, and 40% at the first, second, and third stages, respectively.
Low-loss, centimeter-scale plasmonic metasurface for ultrafast optoelectronics
Authors: Traverso Andrew J. , Huang Jiani , Peyronel Thibault , Yang Guoce , Tiecke Tobias G. , Mikkelsen Maiken H.
Published: December 2020

Plasmonics can dramatically improve the radiative properties of fluorescent materials by precisely tailoring the local density of states, but has largely been dismissed for practical optoelectronic applications due to losses and lack of scalability to macroscopic areas. Here, we demonstrate a low-loss plasmonic metasurface that can collect fast-modulated light with a 3 dB bandwidth exceeding 14 GHz and a 120º acceptance angle and convert it to a directional source with, to the best of our knowledge, a record-high overall efficiency of

∼

30

%

. This large-area metasurface composed of fluorescent dye coupled to nanopatch antennas, exhibits a 910-fold increase in the overall fluorescence and a 133-fold emission rate enhancement—values previously only observable for isolated, highly optimized single nanostructures. Critical for future applications ranging from optoelectronics to biosensing, this metasurface was created over macroscopic areas with scalable techniques and the performance was validated over centimeter-scale regions. In particular, we believe this approach shows promise for the burgeoning field of visible/near-infrared wireless communications, where radical new designs and materials are needed for ultrafast, efficient, omnidirectional detectors and incoherent sources.
Best-Practices für die Gestaltung von IT-Service-Katalogen und den Einsatz von Self-Service-Portalen
Authors: Floerecke Sebastian
Published: December 2020

Die Gestaltung von IT-Service-Katalogen stellt Unternehmen unterschiedlichster Branchen vielfach vor eine große Herausforderung. Denn ihnen mangelt es an bewährten, hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung evaluierten Vorlagen. Selbst Empfehlungen allgemeiner Art sind in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur nur vereinzelt zu finden. Vorliegender Beitrag greift diese Problemstellung auf und liefert auf Basis einer Einzelfallstudie innerhalb eines Großunternehmens unter Einbeziehung der vorhandenen Literatur – Forschungsarbeiten, Erfahrungsberichte aus der Praxis und Webauftritte von Tool-Herstellern – eine Zusammenstellung von Best-Practices, welche die Neuerstellung und Überarbeitung von IT-Service-Katalogen leiten können. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf dem in der Forschung bislang weitgehend außer Acht gelassenen Zusammenspiel mit Self-Service-Portalen. Damit können sich interne und externe Kunden über die angebotenen IT-Services informieren und verschiedenste Arten von Service-Requests wie Neubestellungen, Änderungen und Kündigungen initiieren. Unternehmensentscheider und IT-Verantwortliche erhalten mit diesem Beitrag eine Aufstellung an Kriterien und Anforderungen, die bei der Auswahl, der prozessualen und systemischen Integration sowie dem Customizing eines Self-Service-Portals von besonderer Bedeutung sind.