bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Combining Nonmobile Interventions With the Use of Smartphone Apps With Various Features for Weight Loss: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Antoun Jumana , Itani Hala , Alarab Natally , Elsehmawy Amir
Published: April 2022

Background

The effectiveness of smartphone apps for weight loss is limited by the diversity of interventions that accompany such apps. This research extends the scope of previous systematic reviews by including 2 subgroup analyses based on nonmobile interventions that accompanied smartphone use and human-based versus passive behavioral interventions.

Objective

The primary objective of this study is to systematically review and perform a meta-analysis of studies that evaluated the effectiveness of smartphone apps on weight loss in the context of other interventions combined with app use. The secondary objective is to measure the impact of different mobile app features on weight loss and mobile app adherence.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant studies after an extensive search of the PubMed, MEDLINE, and EBSCO databases from inception to January 31, 2022. Gray literature, such as abstracts and conference proceedings, was included. Working independently, 2 investigators extracted the data from the articles, resolving disagreements by consensus. All randomized controlled trials that used smartphone apps in at least 1 arm for weight loss were included. The weight loss outcome was the change in weight from baseline to the 3- and 6-month periods for each arm. Net change estimates were pooled across the studies using random-effects models to compare the intervention group with the control group. The risk of bias was assessed independently by 2 authors using the Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing the risk of bias in randomized trials.

Results

Overall, 34 studies were included that evaluated the use of a smartphone app in at least 1 arm. Compared with controls, the use of a smartphone app–based intervention showed a significant weight loss of –1.99 kg (95% CI –2.19 to –1.79 kg; I2=81%) at 3 months and –2.80 kg (95% CI –3.03 to –2.56 kg; I2=91%) at 6 months. In the subgroup analysis, based on the various intervention components that were added to the mobile app, the combination of the mobile app, tracker, and behavioral interventions showed a statistically significant weight loss of –2.09 kg (95% CI –2.32 to –1.86 kg; I2=91%) and –3.77 kg (95% CI –4.05 to –3.49 kg; I2=90%) at 3 and 6 months, respectively. When a behavioral intervention was present, only the combination of the mobile app with intensive behavior coaching or feedback by a human coach showed a statistically significant weight loss of –2.03 kg (95% CI –2.80 to –1.26 kg; I2=83%) and –2.63 kg (95% CI –2.97 to –2.29 kg; I2=91%) at 3 and 6 months, respectively. Neither the type nor the number of mobile app features was associated with weight loss.

Conclusions

Smartphone apps have a role in weight loss management. Nevertheless, the human-based behavioral component remained key to higher weight loss results.
Metadata Correction: A Comparison of Different Modeling Techniques in Predicting Mortality With the Tilburg Frailty Indicator: Longitudinal Study (Preprint)
Authors: van der Ploeg Tjeerd , Gobbens Robbert
Published: April 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Developing a Clinic-Based, Vaccine-Promoting Intervention for African American Youth in Rural Alabama: Protocol for a Pilot Cluster-Randomized Controlled Implementation Science Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Budhwani Henna , Sharma Vinita , Long Dustin , Simpson Tina
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

African American youth in rural Alabama are clinically underserved and have limited knowledge about the human papillomavirus and the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, including knowledge about the risk for developing cervical or oropharyngeal cancers or COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE

In this 30-month study, we propose to develop an in-clinic, youth-tailored, vaccine-promoting intervention for vaccine hesitancy reduction that can be seamlessly integrated into the existing environments of pediatric and family practice settings in rural Alabama.

METHODS

This exploratory, sequential mixed methods study will be conducted in 3 phases. In the first phase, we will assess stakeholders’ knowledge, sentiments, and beliefs related to vaccination in general, COVID-19 vaccination, and human papillomavirus vaccination. We will also assess stakeholders’ perceptions of barriers to vaccination that exist in rural Alabama. This will be followed by a second phase wherein we will use the data collected in the first phase to inform the development and finalization of a noninvasive, modular, synchronous counseling intervention that targets the behaviors of 15- to 26-year-old adolescents. In the third phase, we will conduct a pilot hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation cluster-randomized controlled trial to assess intervention acceptability and feasibility (clinics: N=4; African American youth: N=120) while assessing a “clinical signal” of effectiveness. We will document implementation contexts to provide real-world insight and support dissemination and scale-up.

RESULTS

The study was funded at the end of December 2020. Approval from the University of Alabama at Birmingham Institutional Review Board was obtained in May 2021, and the qualitative data collection process outlined in the first phase of this project concluded in November 2021. The entire study is expected to be complete at the end of December 2023.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of the trial will provide much needed information on vaccine hesitancy in rural Alabama, and if found efficacious, the intervention could notably increase rates of vaccinations in one of the most underserved parts of the United States. The results from the trial will provide information that is valuable to public health practitioners and providers in rural settings to inform their efforts in increasing vaccination rates among 15- to 26-year-old African American youth in rural southern United States.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04604743; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04604743

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/33982
Stigmatizing Attitudes Across Cybersuicides and Offline Suicides: Content Analysis of Sina Weibo (Preprint)
Authors: Li Ang , Jiao Dongdong , Zhu Tingshao
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

The new reality of cybersuicide raises challenges to ideologies about the traditional form of suicide that does not involve the internet (offline suicide), which may lead to changes in audience’s attitudes. However, knowledge on whether stigmatizing attitudes differ between cybersuicides and offline suicides remains limited.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to consider livestreamed suicide as a typical representative of cybersuicide and use social media data (Sina Weibo) to investigate the differences in stigmatizing attitudes across cybersuicides and offline suicides in terms of attitude types and linguistic characteristics.

METHODS

A total of 4393 cybersuicide-related and 2843 offline suicide-related Weibo posts were collected and analyzed. First, human coders were recruited and trained to perform a content analysis on the collected posts to determine whether each of them reflected stigma. Second, a text analysis tool was used to automatically extract a number of psycholinguistic features from each post. Subsequently, based on the selected features, a series of classification models were constructed for different purposes: differentiating the general stigma of cybersuicide from that of offline suicide and differentiating the negative stereotypes of cybersuicide from that of offline suicide.

RESULTS

In terms of attitude types, cybersuicide was observed to carry more stigma than offline suicide (χ21=179.8; P<.001). Between cybersuicides and offline suicides, there were significant differences in the proportion of posts associated with five different negative stereotypes, including stupid and shallow (χ21=28.9; P<.001), false representation (χ21=144.4; P<.001), weak and pathetic (χ21=20.4; P<.001), glorified and normalized (χ21=177.6; P<.001), and immoral (χ21=11.8; P=.001). Similar results were also found for different genders and regions. In terms of linguistic characteristics, the F-measure values of the classification models ranged from 0.81 to 0.85.

CONCLUSIONS

The way people perceive cybersuicide differs from how they perceive offline suicide. The results of this study have implications for reducing the stigma against suicide.
COMPORTAMIENTO DE PATAS RÍGIDAS EN EL SAPO DE RIVERO, Rhinella humboldti (GALLARDO, 1965) (AMPHIBIA, ANURA, BUFONIDAE)
Authors: Rojas Morales Julián Andrés
Published: April 2022

Los sapos del género Rhinella son consumidos por una amplia variedad de depredadores tanto vertebrados como invertebrados. En esta nota reporto un comportamiento defensivo concerniente en la extensión rígida de las patas traseras en la especie Rhinella humboldti. Sugiero que dicho comportamiento puede estar orientado a facilitar el camuflaje y limitar la capacidad de ingestión de depredadores con bocas pequeñas, como algunas serpientes juveniles.
FIRST RECORDS OF REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS THE PATAGONIAN LIZARD, Liolaemus xanthoviridis (IGUANIA: LIOLAEMIDAE)
Authors: Escudero Paula Cecilia , González Marín María Andrea , Avila Luciano Javier
Published: April 2022

Liolaemus is one of the largest radiations of lizards with more than 289 species described. Little is known about the reproductive characteristics and natural history of the majority of these species. Within the L. fitzingerii group, we find L. xanthoviridis is distributed in an area around the Montemayor Plateau in the eastern Atlantic coast of Chubut Province, Argentina. We present the first data on some reproductive traits of this species. Liolaemus xanthoviridis is an oviparous species, that presented a seasonal reproduction (spring - summer) and the clutch size was positively associated with female size, in average the clutch size was eight eggs.
TERRESTRIAL AMPHIBIANS INHABITING AN URBAN XERIC ECOSYSTEM: AN ASSESSMENT OF FROGS AND SALAMANDERS IN PROTECTED AREAS FROM MEXICO CITY
Authors: Serrano José Manuel , Sandoval-Comte Adriana , Tapia-Ramírez Gloria , Monteverde María José , Vázquez-Corzas Flor Gabriela
Published: April 2022

Amphibians are particularly sensitive to disturbances caused by urbanization. Urban disturbances impact amphibians at different ecological scales that include a decrease in biodiversity, increment of stress, and changes in vocal behavior. However, little is known about urban effects on terrestrial amphibians. In this study, we quantified abundance (by encounter rates) and species richness of amphibians, and the characteristics of their habitats in Pedregal del Xitle, a xerophytic ecosystem in Mexico City. In addition, we evaluated the vocal activity of Pedregal frogs under different noise exposures within the three protected areas. During 2015 and 2016 with the support of volunteers, several stratified direct night searches were conducted in three urban protected areas. Additionally, using a non-supervised classification of satellite images, we analyzed the coverage of the different vegetation types, and calculated the evenness of amphibians. With an effort of 238 person-hours, we located 73 individuals of amphibians, including three plethodontid salamanders (Aquiloeurycea cephalica, Chiropterotriton orculus and Pseudoeurycea leprosa), and the Pedregal frog, Eleutherodactylus grandis. Altogether, the captures of C. orculus and E. grandis represented 90% of the amphibians found. We found that 75% of the amphibians occupied the rocky ground microhabitat. The call rate of E. grandis was consistently lower at sites with the highest noise exposure. Among the three urban protected areas, Ecoguardas stands out as the one with the greatest abundance and diversity of amphibians and the largest proportion of forested area. Our study revealed the ecological value of the Pedregal ecosystem for terrestrial amphibians, since the most threatened species (the frog E. grandis and the salamander C. orculus) are those with the greatest presence in the urban protected areas studied.
INTENTO DE DEPREDACIÓN DE LA SERPIENTE Drymarchon melanurus SOBRE LA TORTUGA Gopherus evgoodei
Authors: Lara Resendiz Rafael Alejandro , Sauceda-Nieblas Rosario Jorge
Published: April 2022

Esta nota documenta un intento de depredación de la culebra arroyera de cola negra, Drymarchon melanurus, sobre una cría de la tortuga sinaloense de matorral, Gopherus evgoodei, en el Parque La Colorada, Área Destinada Voluntariamente a la Conservación en Álamos, Sonora.
NEST DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOR BY A MALE Physalaemus atlanticus HADDAD & SAZIMA 2004 (ANURA: LEPTODACTYLIDAE)
Authors: Silva-Soares Thiago , Del' Maestro Amanda , Araujo Stephanie , Weber Luiz Norberto , Marques Santana Erika
Published: April 2022

We report a nest defensive behavior presented by a male Physalaemus atlanticus during the species' reproductive season. This is the first observation of active nest defensive behavior on genus Physalaemus. Future studies should explore how frequent this parental care behavior is displayed in this species and what the relavance of male defensive behavior is for clutch survival and fitness.
Percepciones acerca de la formación en atención primaria de estudiantes de medicina: un estudio cualitativo
Authors: Parada-Lezcano Mario , Parrao-Achavar Felipe , Gurovich-Herrera Joaquín , Palacios-Saldiva Joaquín
Published: April 2022

Introducción: De acuerdo con lo sostenido por entidades internacionales, la estrategia de atención primaria en salud (APS) es un eje central para mejorar la salud de la población. Al respecto, Chile se ha adscrito al objetivo de fomentar la educación médica orientada hacia la atención primaria. Sin embargo, la evidencia académica muestra una formación con enfoque predominantemente hospitalocéntrico y orientado hacia la especialidad médica. Se desconocen los efectos que tienen los espacios formativos de y en APS sobre los estudiantes. Objetivo: Explorar, desde una perspectiva fenomenológica, las percepciones de los/as internos/as respecto de las modificaciones que advierten durante el internado de APS y la valoración de la experiencia vivida como factor de cambio de sus expectativas laborales o su visión del ejercicio profesional.Método: Estudio cualitativo con enfoque fenomenológico. Se realizaron 15 entrevistas semiestructuradas a internos/as de medicina y profesionales médicos/as recientemente egresados/as que trabajan en APS. Análisis de contenido con triangulación entre investigadores apoyado con software NVivo. Resultados: Las opiniones expresadas por los/as participantes se condicen con lo descrito en la literatura, con importante componente de currículum oculto y modelaje docente que reproduce el paradigma imperante. Se describen una serie de variables que fomentan la percepción del ejercicio en APS como una etapa de transición a la especialidad, a lo que se suma la invisibilización de la medicina familiar como especialidad. Conclusiones: Si bien el internado de APS no logra cambiar las expectativas laborales a largo plazo, puede influir efectivamente en las de corto plazo. Además, permite generar un pensamiento crítico respecto a los lineamientos actuales en educación médica y la estrategia de APS, promotores esenciales para un cambio de paradigma.
Introduciendo al Estado para el desarrollo en el enfoque de Cadenas Globales de Valor
Authors: Trevignani Manuel , Lauxmann Carolina , Valentinuz Marcos
Published: April 2022

El enfoque de Cadenas Globales de Valor ha logrado posicionarse en la actualidad como el nuevo paradigma de desarrollo. Si bien gran parte de la literatura perteneciente a este enfoque ha tendido a relativizar el rol del Estado en las estrategias de desarrollo, recientemente ha emergido un mayor interés por recuperar su accionar en este ámbito. La discusión de la estatidad y sus roles en el enfoque de cadenas se ha nutrido, asimismo, de contribuciones que recuperan perspectivas estado-céntricas del desarrollo en la economía capitalista contemporánea. Este trabajo busca examinar las implicancias que tiene la reconsideración del Estado en el enfoque de cadenas y las potencialidades y/o limitaciones que presenta para viabilizar procesos de cambio estructural en los países periféricos.
Inversión Extranjera Directa de grandes empresas mexicanas en Estados Unidos
Authors: Basave Kundhart Jorge
Published: April 2022

Se analizan los determinantes de la Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED) de grandes empresas mexicanas en Estados Unidos (EU), que en términos macroeconómicos responden a coyunturas económicas internas e internacionales. Éstas resultan en dos “oleadas” de IED con determinantes diferenciados: la primera que inicia en los años setenta, y la segunda con la apertura de la economía mexicana a finales de los años ochenta del siglo pasado, misma que adquiere características especiales partir de la crisis financiera internacional de 2008. Debido a las prácticas comerciales y actividades económicas de las empresas mexicanas, los factores que determinan la ubicación espacial de la IED mexicana en EU son la proximidad de la casa matriz a los mercados reales y potenciales y su participación en las cadenas productivas globales.
Conocimiento didáctico de alfabetización inicial de una profesora principiante y una experimentada
Authors: Ravanal Moreno Eduardo , Rojas Felipe , Ferrando Miriam , Sánchez Bernardita , Palacios Eugenia
Published: April 2022

El estudio explora el conocimiento didáctico de alfabetización inicial (CDC-ai) mediante un cuestionario de preguntas abiertas sobre la representación del contenido. Se analizaron las respuestas de dos profesoras de educación primaria, una principiante y otra experimentada, a través de redes sistémicas y mapas de conocimiento didáctico para tres ejes centrales de la alfabetización inicial: escritura, lectura y comunicación. Los resultados revelan que el conocimiento del contenido está integrado en el CDC-ai y que el conocimiento acerca de la evaluación está representado por afirmaciones generales, inespecíficas y escasamente vinculadas en el constructo de CDC explorado. El CDC-ai está caracterizado por un conocimiento declarativo, que es el conocimiento condicional menos referido. Sugerimos ampliar el trabajo investigativo con el profesorado de lenguaje sobre el CDC como un conocimiento personal que se construye y deconstruye en la reflexión sobre la enseñanza preactiva e interactiva de contenidos específicos.
Transformación de la educación superior latinoamericana y su impacto en la idea de la universidad
Authors: Labraña Julio , Brunner José Joaquín
Published: April 2022

A partir de los datos más recientes que caracterizan la evolución de la educación superior latinoamericana se analiza el impacto de su masificación y universalización en un contexto de creciente privatización del financiamiento y de la provisión, lo que resulta en una plataforma institucional en constante crecimiento y diferenciación. Siguiendo la hipótesis de Trow respecto al impacto de la ampliación de las posibilidades de acceso sobre el concepto de universidad, se describe el tránsito desde una concepción ideal de la universidad latinoamericana como dedicada a la formación de las élites de la sociedad, a unos sistemas nacionales masivos, de heterogénea composición, que atienden demandas de información, conocimiento, habilidades y certificaciones para el mercado de empleos y la movilidad social. A lo largo de este proceso la propia idea de universidad muda, desde la universidad comprometida con la transformación de la sociedad a la universidad como institución que forma capital humano.
Efficacy of a Unani formulation in the treatment of Quba (Dermatophytosis): a single blind, randomized and standard controlled trial
Authors: Ahmed Jameel , Rather Shameem Ahmad , Bhat Shabir Ahmad
Published: April 2022

Background and objectives: Dermatophytosis or ringworm (Qūbā) is one of the commonest and oldest skin diseases, existing before its true mycological nature was discovered. More than a million healthy as well as immunocompromised individuals are the victims of this infection worldwide. Quba is a well-known disease entity in Unani medicine and is treated successfully since centuries. The present study was designed to compare the safety and efficacy of a Unani formulation and Terbinafine in its management.

Methods: Sixty diagnosed cases of ringworm aged between 15- 60 years fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected for the study and randomly allocated after obtaining voluntary informed consent into two groups of 30 each viz. Group A (test) and Group B (control). A Unani topical formulation, Ushq (Dorema ammoniacum) & Sirka (Vinegar) in test group and Terbinafine 1% Cream in control group was applied locally twice a day for 60 days. Patients were followed and assessed clinically for severity score of color, scaling, itching, margins, size of the lesion and Dermatology Life Quality Index score on every follow up, and KOH mount test was done before and after the study.

Results: The test and control drugs showed statistically significant reduction in scores of most of the subjective parameters and KOH (p<0.001) for intra group analysis, while as no significant difference for inter group analysis (p>0.05) was observed statistically.

Conclusion: Unani topical formulation, Ushq (Dorema ammoniacum) & Sirka (Vinegar) is equally effective and safe as Terbinafine 1% Cream in treating ringworm.

Keywords: Dermatophytosis, Dorema ammoniacum, Qūbā, Ringworm, Sirka, Ushq
Medical support of the fleet in the Great Northern war
Authors: Nikitin E. A.
Published: April 2022

The Northern (Great Northern, Twenty-Year) War lasted from 1700 to 1721. The war was fought between the Kingdom of Sweden and a coalition of the states of Northern Europe for domination of the Baltic Sea and possession of the Baltic lands. In 1721, a new Russian Empire emerged in Europe with a powerful regular army and navy. The capital of Russia became the city of St. Petersburg. The Kronstadt Naval Fortress was built on the Baltic Sea. During the Northern War, the first military hospitals, hospital schools, pharmacies appeared. The fleet is equipped with hospital vessels. Legislation in the field of military and naval medicine was improved, medical supplies were improved. All this served as a reliable foundation for the development and formation of Russian military and naval medicine.
Protocols of the Company Arkhangelsk Doctors in the library of the Kronstadt marine hospital
Authors: Nikitin E. A.
Published: April 2022

The Society of Arkhangelsk Doctors (OAB) was founded in 1863 and was one of the first public medical organizations in Russia. The Society has been active for 55 years. Despite the small number (8–15 people), the OAB immediately began to publish the minutes and proceedings of the Society. Copies of publications were distributed to libraries and similar societies in other regions of the Russian Empire. In the unique library of the Kronstadt Naval Hospital, 30 copies of the protocols and works of the Society of Arkhangelsk Doctors from 1864 to 1896 are preserved. Immediately after the revolution (1917) in the Arkhangelsk province, as well as throughout Russia, the work of the OAB was suspended. The activities of the Society played an important role in uniting the doctors of the province, contributed to the growth of their qualifications and the development of health care in the Russian North.
Admiral I.F. Kruzenshtern on the preservation of the health of sailors on ships
Authors: Zholus B. I. , Petreev I. V. , Shevchuk I. A. , Grechishkin N. I. , Lizunov Yu. V.
Published: April 2022

The content of the report of Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenshtern at the meeting of the Petrovsky Academy of Sciences «On the preservation of the health of sailors on ships» (1838) is considered from the point of view of a historical example of a deep understanding and interest of the commander of a warship in preserving the health of the crew. In his opinion, the reason for the high morbidity and mortality on the ships of the Russian Fleet were damp, insufficiently ventilated rooms, inadequate food, substandard drinking water, dirty linen and clothing of sailors (due to the inability to wash), lack of fresh vegetables, as well as tedious ship work and the sad disposition of the crew. Admiral I. F. Kruzenshtern instructed young officers in all ways to exclude these reasons for preserving the health and combat capability of the crew.

The purpose of the study: to analyze archival materials about the views of Admiral I. F. Kruzenshtern on the issues of preserving the health of sailors during long sea voyages.

Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis and scientific generalization of archival materials of Admiral of the Russian Fleet I. F. Kruzenshtern.

Results and their discussion. The rules formulated by the admiral on the basis of personal experience, almost 200 years ago, remain relevant and today they form the basis of the requirements of the Naval Charter for the protection of the health of military sailors and constitute the essence of modern naval hygiene.
Intervenções formativas: (re)construção de práticas de promoção da saúde de docentes da educação básica
Authors: Medeiros Danieli , Barbosa Ariadine Rodrigues , Silva Tatiane Motta da Costa e , Engers Patrícia Becker , Graup Susane , Ilha Phillip Vilanova
Published: April 2022

Neste estudo, objetivou-se investigar as contribuições de intervenções formativas para (re)construção de práticas de promoção da saúde no âmbito escolar. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, caracterizando-se como uma pesquisa colaborativa. A pesquisa desenvolveu-se em uma escola de ensino fundamental da rede pública de um município da fronteira oeste do Rio Grande do Sul-Brasil. Participaram do estudo 12 professores dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental. Os dados foram coletados mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas, entrevista não diretiva centrada, registros no diário de campo e questionário. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se, como aporte metodológico, a análise de conteúdo e procedimentos de estatística descritiva para apresentar as frequências. Os resultados alcançados revelaram que, de maneira geral, os professores conseguiram aprimorar as suas concepções referentes à promoção da saúde a partir das intervenções formativas, evidenciando a importância da realização de pesquisas que proporcionem aos professores reflexões e discussões que viabilizem novas práticas pedagógicas referentes ao tema. Concluiu-se que as intervenções formativas auxiliam na significação da prática docente, bem como na transformação dos contextos escolares.
Promoção da Educação em Saúde no Ensino Fundamental na era da(des) informação
Authors: Oliveira Marco Miguel de , Ribeiro Paulo Vitor Alves , Araújo Iasmin Aparecida Cunha , Silva Gabriela Borges da , Mota Kellem Cristina Pereira , Ribeiro Vanessa da Silva , Silva Camila de Oliveira , Miranda Juliana Silva
Published: April 2022

As fake news promovem a disseminação de informações sem fundamentação científica. Quando se referem à Educação em Saúde, essas notícias infundadas apresentam grave risco ao processo de aprendizagem. Este trabalho objetivou a realização de palestras expositivas com turmas do Ensino Fundamental como estratégia para promoção da saúde e combate às fake news relacionadas aos temas trabalhados (vacinas, saúde sexual e reprodutiva, toxoplasmose e posse responsável, relação entre desastres ambientais e doenças). Ao todo 236 estudantes responderam o questionário de verificação de aprendizagem aplicado ao final das atividades. Verificamos que 42,8% dos estudantes demonstraram satisfação com as atividades e 30% relataram necessidade de mais atividades como esta na escola. As palestras foram avaliadas como boas no que se refere a quantidade (48,7%) e tempo (48,3%). Além disso, 69,5% relataram que as atividades contribuíram para a aquisição de conhecimentos. A qualidade dos assuntos abordados e atuação dos palestrantes foram avaliadas como ótima (61,4% e 54,7%, respectivamente). Quanto à aquisição de conhecimentos, os percentuais de acertos foram satisfatórios, porém revelaram certa dificuldade dos alunos em identificar os métodos contraceptivos e de prevenção às infecções sexualmente transmissíveis, bem como as formas de profilaxia da toxoplasmose. Tais resultados podem estar relacionados às dificuldades de se estabelecer um diálogo aberto sobre sexualidade, bem como ao desconhecimento e negligência da toxoplasmose. Conclui-se que as palestras foram eficientes para a promoção de saúde no ambiente escolar e ressaltamos a importância de mais atividades de conscientização para combate às fake news abordando assuntos relacionados à saúde.
Las mujeres en las políticas públicas de discapacidad y de equidad de género
Authors: Oviedo Caceres María Del Pilar , Hernández Quirama Andrea , Betancur Betancur Catalina , Arias Valencia Samuel Andrés
Published: April 2022

La interacción entre el género y la discapacidad ubica a las mujeres con esta condición en una posición desigual respecto a los hombres con discapacidad y a las personas sin discapacidad, lo cual desencadena mayor marginación y exclusión social y afecta el ejercicio de sus derechos. Este documento tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre la intersección entre discapacidad y género y las miradas que se han dado sobre la inclusión social desde su concepción en dos políticas públicas de Colombia. Los hallazgos de este trabajo permiten identificar que si bien el país ha avanzado en políticas de igualdad de género y en políticas dirigidas a personas con discapacidad, las acciones encaminadas al abordaje de las condiciones estructurales de las mujeres con discapacidad son aún incipientes y requieren una mayor profundización. Por tanto, desde una mirada normativa, existe una escasa unión entre el binomio género y discapacidad. En este sentido, se reconoce la necesidad de revisar la Política pública de discapacidad de Colombia y a su vez la Política pública nacional de equidad de género para las mujeres bajo una perspectiva que incluya las narrativas de los agentes sociales que hacen parte de la implementación en inclusión social y enfoque de género, pues aún prevalecen los estereotipos planteados por el enfoque biomédico, lo cual puede ser una barrera para una adecuada puesta en marcha de acciones que apunten a un ejercicio real de derechos.
Cuando hablamos de discapacidad, ¿de qué hablamos?
Authors: Aristizábal Gómez Kelly Viviana
Published: April 2022

Este artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar el concepto de discapacidad a partir de los modelos que la explican y la normatividad jurídica en el marco de la inclusión laboral. Los resultados, analizados desde un método descriptivo muestran las reflexiones y retos del Derecho Laboral frente a los diferentes alcances que se le han atribuido a dicho concepto a través del tiempo. Las conclusiones destacan la importancia de repensar el concepto de discapacidad de cara a la inclusión laboral y partiendo del modelo social enfocado en derechos, entendiendo por el mismo, aquella condición en la que se encuentra una persona con características distintas producto de la interacción con obstáculos que le impiden acceder al trabajo o mantenerse en igualdad de oportunidades.
Impact of COVID-19 on Operation Room utilization efficiency and cardiac surgery care pathway Submission category -- Original article
Authors: Luthra Suvitesh , Hundama Gabriel , Zingale Anna , Malvindi Pietro Giorgio , Goddard Nicolas , Ohri Sunil
Published: April 2022

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted theatre
utilization and patient care in cardiac surgery. This study assesses
impact on theatre utilisation efficiency and cardiac care pathway during
Covid compared to preCovid period. Method OR data for preCOVID period
(1st Jan to 23rd Mar 2020) for major cardiac cases were compared to
COVID period for predefined indices of OR utilisation and efficiency.
Categorical variables were compared with Chi-squared and continuous
variables with Man Whitney U test. P value<0.05 was considered
significant. Results Total 363 surgeries were logged (304; preCovid, 59;
COVID). There was significant reduction in cases/day (median 5 cases/day
preCovid to 1 case/day during Covid, p<0.001). OR utilization
capacity was less than 50% for 36/65 (55.4%) Covid days versus 5/59
(8.5%) preCovid days (p<0.001). Almost half the Covid days
(43.1%) had no operations. Patients during Covid were younger (median
62 years vs 69 years, p<0.01) but higher risk (logEuroscore
6.6 vs 4.7, p<0.01). Index of operational efficiency (InOE)
remained unchanged (preCovid;78.8% vs COVID;79%, p=0.90). Covid
adversely affected Surgical efficiency (preCovid;74% vs COVID; 68.5%,
p<0.001). Conclusion There was significantly decreased
workflow due to reprioritization of resources. Operational service could
be delivered to high efficiency despite significant changes in patient
care pathways.
General decay for an axially moving viscoelastic beam
Authors: TIKIALINE belgacem , Kelleche Abdelkarim , Ammar Tedjani Hadj
Published: April 2022

This paper deals with an axially moving viscoelastic beam with a
boundary non- linear term. Our purpose is to extend the class of the
relaxation functions Z that guaranteeing a general deacy. For this, we
consider the following general condition Z′() ≤ -(t)(Z(t)) where is an
increasing and convex function and is a non- increasing function on the
whole ℝ+,This type of functions was developed by Conti and Pata in 6 and
improved by Kelleche and Feng in 11. The obtained result improves the
previous ones12,13.
ABCDE: A basic community dynamics experiment
Authors: Jewell Mark , Bell Graham
Published: April 2022

Community dynamics are governed by two opposed processes: species
sorting, which produces deterministic dynamics leading to an equilibrium
state, and ecological drift, which produces stochastic dynamics. Despite
a great deal of theoretical and observational work aiming to demonstrate
the predominance of one or the other of these processes, experimental
work remains rare. Here we present the results of a basic community
dynamics experiment using floating aquatic plants, designed to measure
the relative contributions of species sorting and ecological drift to
community change over about a dozen generations. We found that species
sorting became overwhelmingly dominant as the experiment progressed, and
directed communities towards a stable equilibrium state maintained by
negative frequency-dependent selection. The dynamics of any particular
species depended on how far its initial frequency was from its
equilibrium frequency, however, and consequently the balance of sorting
and drift varied among species.
Disrupted connectivity in biotic and geomorphic patterns in stream-lake systems
Authors: Polvi Lina , Lind Lovisa
Published: April 2022

Ecological and geomorphic theory assume longitudinal connectivity; we
test whether these concepts apply in a naturally disconnected stream
network with mainstem lakes and coarse glacial legacy sediment. We
determined downstream hydraulic geometry relationships for channel width
and inventoried riparian vegetation in each new process-domain (rapids,
slow-flowing, lakes) along a continuous ~10 km segment
in two catchments in northern Sweden. Hydraulic geometry relationships
for width were very weak, indicating that although channel width does
increase in the downstream direction, there is very large local
variation in width, within and among process domains. Riparian
vegetation richness did not increase markedly downstream as expected in
a connected stream network, and there are very weak relationships
between riparian vegetation composition similarity among reaches and
distance between reaches, indicating that hydrochory plays a minor role
plays in metacommunity organization. Formerly continentally-glaciated
catchments are thus highly fragmented and local factors steer geomorphic
form and biotic organization.
Recovery of 447 Eukaryotic bins reveals major challenges for Eukaryote genome reconstruction from metagenomes
Authors: Saraiva Joao , Bartholomäus Alexander , Toscan Rodolfo , Baldrian Petr , Rocha Ulisses da
Published: April 2022

An estimated 8.7 million eukaryotic species exist on our planet.
However, recent tools for taxonomic classification of eukaryotes only
dispose of 734 reference genomes. As most Eukaryotic genomes are yet to
be sequenced, the mechanisms underlying their contribution to different
ecosystem processes remain untapped. Although approaches to recover
Prokaryotic genomes have become common in genome biology, few studies
have tackled the recovery of Eukaryotic genomes from metagenomes. This
study assessed the reconstruction of Eukaryotic genomes using 215
metagenomes from diverse environments using the EukRep pipeline. We
obtained 447 eukaryotic bins from 15 classes (e.g., Saccharomycetes,
Sordariomycetes, and Mamiellophyceae) and 16 orders (e.g., Mamiellales,
Saccharomycetales, and Hypocreales). More than 73% of the obtained
eukaryotic bins were recovered from samples whose biomes were classified
as host-associated, aquatic and anthropogenic terrestrial. However, only
93 bins showed taxonomic classification to (9 unique) genera and 17 bins
to (6 unique) species. A total of 193 bins contained completeness and
contamination measures. Average completeness and contamination were
44.64% (σ=27.41%) and 3.97% (σ=6.53%), respectively. Micromonas
commoda was the most frequent taxa found while Saccharomyces cerevisiae
presented the highest completeness, possibly resulting from a more
significant number of reference genomes. However, mapping eukaryotic
bins to the chromosomes of the reference genomes suggests that
completeness measures should consider both single-copy genes and
chromosome coverage. Recovering eukaryotic genomes will benefit
significantly from long-read sequencing, intron removal after assembly,
and improved reference genomes databases.
Extraordinary regularities of zinc dendrites’ growth under appropriate electrolysis conditions
Authors: Gramatikov Dimitar , Hadzi Jordanov
Published: April 2022

A case study is given of dendritic growth during zinc electrolysis in conditions that promote it. Subject of the main interest was how the electrolysis parameters affect the duration of dendrites life. The selected set of parameters did provide a surprisingly regular dendrite?s life, i.e., period from start of the electrolysis until dendrites detachment from the cathode. Dendrite?s growth did proceed with lowering of the zinc current efficiency, and the end of life was manifested by intensive hydrogen evolution due to corrosion of detached zinc deposit in the acid electrolyte. Current efficiency was successfully followed by the bubble counting technique, invented especially for kinetic studies of gas including reactions. The acquired results on dendrites? life duration were so exact that it was easy to unify all five mono-variable dependencies into one five-variable expression. The calculated values of life duration did differ from the measured ones by only ?3%! This is a proof that the developed expression accurately presents the real nature of dendritic growth under the applied conditions, i.e., 0.5 to 2 M zinc (II) ions, 0.41 to 3.06 M H2SO4, 10 to 2500 mg dm-3 copper (II) ions, 0.14 to 14 g dm-3 hexamethylenetetramine, and 4.25 to 103 mA dm-2 current density. The eventual broader region of Zn dendrites? strict regular growth is not excluded.
Effect of donor and acceptor dopants on the microstructure and dielectric properties of barium titanate based ceramics
Authors: Paunovic Vesna , Prijic Zoran , Mitic Vojislav
Published: April 2022

This paper examined the microstructural and dielectric characteristics of BaTiO3 - based ceramics of the general formula BaTi1-x-yNbxMnyO3. The concentration of Mn as acceptor was variable 0.01 and 0.05 at%, while the donor (Nb) was fixed at 0.5 at%. The starting ceramic powders were produced by a conventional solid-state reaction method and sintered at 1290 and 1320oC. In BaTiO3 ceramics doped with a higher Mn concentration (0.05 at% Mn) at a sintering temperature of 1290?C, a bimodal structure with a grain of 10-30 ?m, and 1-5 ?m, was obtained. Sintering at a higher temperature (Tsin = 1320?C), regardless of Mn content, provides the achievement of a uniform microstructure with grains under than 6 ?m. The ceramics doped with 0.01 at% Mn and sintered at 1320?C are characterized by high values of the dielectric constant at room temperature and notable changes in the dielectric constant with temperature. Nb-0.05Mn BaTiO3 doped ceramics sintered at 1290?C show lower dielectric constant values due to the presence of Mn-enriched areas representing paraelectric regions. Areas richer in Mn are associated with the fine-grained structure. The dielectric constant in the investigated systems achieves a constant value for frequencies higher than 3kHz. The Curie temperature of all samples was shifted to lower values in relation to undoped BaTiO3 ceramics. According to Curie-Weiss law were determined the Curie constant C and the Curie temperature Tc.
Musikerroller og grensedragninger i musikkarbeidsmarkedet
Authors: Stavrum Heidi , Røyseng Sigrid
Published: April 2022

In this chapter, we discuss how different artist roles affect the working conditions for Norwegian musicians. More specifically, we present a typology of possible roles in which we identify three main categories: 1) freelance project makers, 2) freelance contributors, and finally 3) permanent employed musicians. All three categories consist of several subcategories, and in this chapter, we discuss three of those in detail: session musicians, teacher musicians, and church musicians. What these three categories of musician have in common is that they, in different ways, negotiate their roles in relation to both musical and non-musical contexts, such as the school system, the church, and the entertainment industry. Theoretically, we use Lamont’s concept of boundary work (Lamont & Molnár, 2002; Lamont et al., 2015) to show how musicians negotiate their roles and identities as artists in relation to different expectations from their surroundings.
Nesten alene: Artisten, økonomien og bransjen
Authors: Nordgård Daniel
Published: April 2022

This chapter explores the framework conditions under which Norwegian artists and managers work and discusses them against a backdrop of established theories on the effects of digitalization. The author’s ambition is to expand our understanding of how the current business of music works by focusing on the people who work with it. The chapter draws on a series of interviews with ten Norwegian artists and managers conducted during the winter of 2019/2020. Building on these interviews, this chapter argues that while digitalization certainly has offered artists and managers a range of possibilities, many of the ways they work are variations on traditional structures and models. A key finding in this research is that economic predictability and stability is central to how Norwegian artists and managers organize themselves and their work.
Modelo semiótico-discursivo para abordar el feminicidio en prácticas estético-artísticas
Authors: Haidar Julieta , Buenrostro Pérez Carolina
Published: April 2022

Este texto presenta cuestiones epistemológicas y teórico-metodológicas, que se utilizaron para analizar distintas prácticas provenientes del campo de la estética-arte, relacionadas con el feminicidio en Ciudad Juárez. En primer lugar, se exponen los enfoques de la complejidad y la transdisciplinariedad, así como su utilidad para el análisis de las prácticas estético-artísticas en el campo de las ciencias antropológicas; en segundo, se presenta el modelo complejo transdisciplinario de Haidar para el análisis de las prácticas semiótico-discursivas, que sirvió como base para abordar las representaciones del feminicidio presentes en distintas producciones como son las siguientes: cine de ficción, cine documental, cortometraje, fotografía y performance, producidas en Ciudad Juárez.
Semiótica de las pasiones y emociones en mensajes visuales: el sentido de muerte en carteles sobre el Covid-19 en la Ciudad de México
Authors: Mauleón Rodríguez José Rafael
Published: April 2022

El propósito de este trabajo es acercarse al tema de la muerte presente en carteles de una campaña dirigida a prevenir contagios durante la pandemia de la Covid-19 en la Ciudad de México, con base en la semiótica pasional y un enfoque emocional para identificar algunos sentidos que genera el mensaje en uno de los carteles propuestos. La pregunta por responder es ¿cómo se manifiesta formalmente el sentido de muerte en el mensaje de un cartel, en una campaña que promovió el “quedarse en casa”, desde la modalidad de la semiótica de las pasiones y una teoría de las emociones? Para contestar a esa pregunta, se organiza este escrito en tres temas: el primero expone el contexto en torno a la Covid-19 que provocó la campaña de interés; el segundo explica una teoría emocional basada en las etapas prenatales humanas y una modalidad de la semiótica pasional; el tercero presenta el estudio formal realizado y que considera lo siguiente: una descripción puntual de la campaña, la selección del cartel de interés y su análisis con categorías de los estados prenatales y pasionales, obtenidas de las teorías revisadas. En las conclusiones, se responde a la pregunta planteada.
Introducción [Miradas Semióticas. Arte - diseño - ciudad]
Authors: Amoroso Boelcke Nicolás
Published: April 2022

Introducción al libro Miradas Semióticas. Arte - diseño - ciudad, el cual se refiere a las miradas y particularmente a la significación de los significantes que actúan en una narración, involucra al teatro que es parte constitutiva de este libro, también refiere a la imagen, porque evidentemente el lector, tendrá que sacar sus propias conclusiones mediante las imágenes presentadas. Es parte del arte que está en otro de los apartados que contiene este libro, porque el arte significa un conjunto diverso de deambulaciones por las cuales se observa la realidad, refiere a la tecnología que también es uno de los grupos de este texto, aunque la tecnología en cuestión sea más, no diré atrasada porque sería denigrante, sino que viene desde el pasado, la propia narración es una metáfora del contenido de este libro, apela a un derecho que suele quedar fuera de los trabajos académicos y se refiere a la ficción. Los estudiosos lo hacen sobre diversas materias como puede ser la literatura, el teatro, la filosofía en sí y las artes, todos elementos de la creación que se desarrollan en su ámbito y que nos ayudan a estar mejor en la vida. arte - diseño - ciudad, el cual se refiere a las miradas y particularmente a la significación de los significantes que actúan en una narración, involucra al teatro que es parte constitutiva de este libro, también refiere a la imagen, porque evidentemente el lector, tendrá que sacar sus propias conclusiones mediante las imágenes presentadas. Es parte del arte que está en otro de los apartados que contiene este libro, porque el arte significa un conjunto diverso de deambulaciones por las cuales se observa la realidad, refiere a la tecnología que también es uno de los grupos de este texto, aunque la tecnología en cuestión sea más, no diré atrasada porque sería denigrante, sino que viene desde el pasado, la propia narración es una metáfora del contenido de este libro, apela a un derecho que suele quedar fuera de los trabajos académicos y se refiere a la ficción. Los estudiosos lo hacen sobre diversas materias como puede ser la literatura, el teatro, la filosofía en sí y las artes, todos elementos de la creación que se desarrollan en su ámbito y que nos ayudan a estar mejor en la vida.
Daftar Isi JMDK Vol. 4 No. 2
Authors: Keni Keni
Published: April 2022

Daftar Isi JMDK Vol. 4 No. 2