bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can abundant colloid exclude oncocytic (Hürthle cell) carcinoma in thyroid fine needle aspiration? Cytohistological correlation of 127 oncocytic (Hürthle cell) lesions
Authors: Yang G. C. H. , Schreiner A. M. , Sun W.
Published: June 2012

Objective:  The objective of the present study was to find out whether the presence or absence of certain cytological features can exclude oncocytic (Hürthle cell) carcinoma in thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) to minimize unnecessary surgery.

Methods:  Over a 17‐year period, 127 hypercellular, oncocyte‐exclusive, lymphocyte‐absent aspirates obtained via ultrasound‐guided FNA with on‐site assessment had histology slides for review. The presence or absence of six cytological features (microfollicular arrangement, discohesive single cells, small cell dysplasia, large cell dysplasia, transgressing blood vessels and colloid) and one histological feature (macrofollicular component) were determined for each case independently by two cytopathologists.

Results:  Histology showed 12 (9.4%) cases of Hashimoto thyroiditis, 23 (18.1%) oncocytic adenomatoid nodules in nodular goitre, 66 (52.0%) oncocytic adenomas and 26 (20.5%) oncocytic carcinomas (13 minimally invasive without angioinvasion, six minimally invasive with angioinvasion, seven widely invasive). Histologically, a macrofollicular component was present in seven of 26 (26.9%) oncocytic carcinomas, including one case with abundant thin colloid. A microfollicular arrangement, discohesive single cells, small cell dysplasia, large cell dysplasia and transgressing vessels were present in oncocytic carcinoma, oncocytic adenoma and oncocytic adenomatoid nodules in nodular goitre.

Conclusions:  A macrofollicular component is frequently present in oncocytic carcinoma, oncocytic adenoma and oncocytic adenomatoid nodules in nodular goitre. None of the cytological features studied, including abundant colloid, can exclude oncocytic carcinoma. Oncocytic carcinoma can only be excluded by thorough histological examination of thyroidectomy specimens. A molecular marker is needed to triage oncocytic lesions in thyroid FNA.
A Land System representation for global assessments and land‐use modeling
Authors: van Asselen Sanneke , Verburg Peter H.
Published: June 2012

Current global scale land‐change models used for integrated assessments and climate modeling are based on classifications of land cover. However, land‐use management intensity and livestock keeping are also important aspects of land use, and are an integrated part of land systems. This article aims to classify, map, and to characterize Land Systems (LS) at a global scale and analyze the spatial determinants of these systems. Besides proposing such a classification, the article tests if global assessments can be based on globally uniform allocation rules. Land cover, livestock, and agricultural intensity data are used to map LS using a hierarchical classification method. Logistic regressions are used to analyze variation in spatial determinants of LS. The analysis of the spatial determinants of LS indicates strong associations between LS and a range of socioeconomic and biophysical indicators of human‐environment interactions. The set of identified spatial determinants of a LS differs among regions and scales, especially for (mosaic) cropland systems, grassland systems with livestock, and settlements. (Semi‐)Natural LS have more similar spatial determinants across regions and scales. Using LS in global models is expected to result in a more accurate representation of land use capturing important aspects of land systems and land architecture: the variation in land cover and the link between land‐use intensity and landscape composition. Because the set of most important spatial determinants of LS varies among regions and scales, land‐change models that include the human drivers of land change are best parameterized at sub‐global level, where similar biophysical, socioeconomic and cultural conditions prevail in the specific regions.
Proximal sensing of the seasonal variability of pasture nutritive value using multispectral radiometry
Authors: Pullanagari R. R. , Yule I. J. , Tuohy M. P. , Hedley M. J. , Dynes R. A. , King W. M.
Published: June 2012

The nutritive value of pasture is an important determinant of the performance of grazing livestock. Proximal sensing of in situ pasture is a potential technique for rapid prediction of nutritive value. In this study, multispectral radiometry was used to obtain pasture spectral reflectance during different seasons (autumn, spring and summer) in 2009–2010 from commercial farms throughout New Zealand. The analytical data set (n = 420) was analysed to develop season‐specific and combined models for predicting pasture nutritive‐value parameters. The predicted parameters included crude protein (CP), acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), ash, lignin, lipid, metabolizable energy (ME) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) using a partial least squares regression analysis. The calibration models were tested by internal and external validation. The results suggested that the global models can predict the pasture nutritive value parameters (CP, ADF, NDF, lignin, ME and OMD) with moderate accuracy (0·64 ≤ r2 ≤ 0·70) while ash and lipid are poorly predicted (0·33 ≤ r2 ≤ 0·40). However, the season‐specific models improved the prediction accuracy, in autumn (0·73 ≤ r2 ≤ 0·83) for CP, ADF, NDF and lignin; in spring (0·61 ≤ r2 ≤ 0·78) for CP and ash; in summer (0·77 ≤ r2 ≤ 0·80) for CP and ash, indicating a seasonal impact on spectral response.
The emergence of shared understanding: applying functional pragmatics to study the requirements development process
Authors: Corvera Charaf Marianne , Rosenkranz Christoph , Holten Roland
Published: June 2012

While the importance of social interactions and especially communication is generally acknowledged in information systems development and requirements development, there are few studies that investigate communication. Departing from the conceptualisation of information systems development as a language development and formalisation process, we focus on linguistic communication and the development of language‐based shared understanding of requirements. We investigate and analyse the semantic alignment process by which stakeholders achieve shared understanding in requirements development. We adopt Functional Pragmatics and examine how linguistic communication is shaped and regulated during requirements development in an actual project. By developing a pattern for semantic alignment and its use as an analytical lens, we enable a systematic and insightful understanding of communication in information systems development.
Consumer trophic diversity as a fundamental mechanism linking predation and ecosystem functioning
Authors: Hines Jes , Gessner Mark O.
Published: June 2012

1. Primary production and decomposition, two fundamental processes determining the functioning of ecosystems, may be sensitive to changes in biodiversity and food web interactions.

2. The impacts of food web interactions on ecosystem functioning are generally quantified by experimentally decoupling these linked processes and examining either primary production‐based (green) or decomposition‐based (brown) food webs in isolation. This decoupling may strongly limit our ability to assess the importance of food web interactions on ecosystem processes.

3. To evaluate how consumer trophic diversity mediates predator effects on ecosystem functioning, we conducted a mesocosm experiment and a field study using an assemblage of invertebrates that naturally co‐occur on North Atlantic coastal saltmarshes. We measured the indirect impact of predation on primary production and leaf decomposition as a result of prey communities composed of herbivores alone, detritivores alone or both prey in combination.

4. We find that primary consumers can influence ecosystem process rates not only within, but also across green and brown sub‐webs. Moreover, by feeding on a functionally diverse consumer assemblage comprised of both herbivores and detritivores, generalist predators can diffuse consumer effects on decomposition, primary production and feedbacks between the two processes.

5. These results indicate that maintaining functional diversity among primary consumers can alter the consequences of traditional trophic cascades, and they emphasize the role of the detritus‐based sub‐web when seeking key biotic drivers of plant production. Clearly, traditional compartmentalization of empirical food webs can limit our ability to predict the influence of food web interactions on ecosystem functioning.
Development and validation of the Family Meaning of Nursing‐Home Visits Scale
Authors: Tsai Hsiu‐Hsin , Tsai Yun‐Fang , Huang Tzu‐Shin
Published: June 2012

Aims and objectives.  The purpose of this study was to develop and test a Family Meaning of Nursing‐Home Visits Scale that can be used to assess and document family members’ rationale for visiting nursing home residents.

Background.  Understanding the meaning ascribed by families for visiting nursing home residents is necessary to develop intervention programmes that facilitate the quality of families’ nursing home visits. No valid and reliable instrument is available in Taiwan or elsewhere to accurately document the meaning of family visits to nursing home residents.

Design.  A cross‐sectional design was used to collect survey data from family members of nursing home residents as the quantitative component of a mixed‐methods study. Items were developed based on qualitative data from our previous research and that of others. This initial pool of items was used to develop and validate the scale.

Methods.  The validity of the scale was confirmed by exploratory factor analysis and criterion‐related validity testing. Internal consistency reliability was assessed by Cronbach’s alphas.

Results.  Factor analysis yielded a six‐factor final solution (32 items), accounting for 66·76% of the variance. For criterion‐related validity, ‘responsibility for care quality’ was negatively correlated with satisfaction with nursing home caregiving (r = −0·23, p < 0·01) and nursing home rehabilitation activities (r = −0·17, p < 0·05). Cronbach’s α for each subscale ranged from 0·68–0·98, and Cronbach’s α for the total scale was 0·83.

Conclusions.  The Family Meaning of Nursing‐Home Visits Scale has acceptable internal consistency reliability, good content validity and acceptable construct validity.

Relevance to clinical practice.  The Family Meaning of Nursing‐Home Visits Scale provides nurses and healthcare providers an objective and consistent method to explore the priority of meanings family members assign to nursing home visits. Based on this priority for visiting, interventions could be designed to increase the quality of visits, thus promoting families’ continued incentive to visit in person.
Siblings of individuals with Smith–Magenis syndrome: an investigation of the correlates of positive and negative behavioural traits
Authors: Moshier M. S. , York T. P. , Silberg J. L. , Elsea S. H.
Published: June 2012

Background  Smith–Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects approximately one out of 25 000 births worldwide. To date, no research has been conducted to investigate how having an individual with SMS in a family is a positive or negative influence on siblings.

Methods  To investigate this question we conducted a study involving 79 siblings and 60 parents of individuals with SMS to assess perceptions of how having a sibling with SMS positively and negative influence siblings' behavioural traits.

Results  Our findings show that age of siblings of individuals with SMS was associated with a significant increase in positive behavioural traits and a significant decrease in negative behavioural traits. Additionally, siblings who perceive benefits from having a sibling with SMS demonstrate significantly more positive behavioural traits and significantly fewer negative behavioural traits. Parents accurately assess the changes in sibling behavioural traits with age, and parents who perceive their child as having experienced benefits from the sibling relationship report that siblings demonstrate significantly more positive behavioural traits and significantly fewer negative behavioural traits.

Conclusions  Our research shows that although individuals experience difficulties as a result of having a sibling with SMS, overall, siblings tend to fare well and parents appreciate both the positive and negative behavioural effects that result from having a sibling with SMS.
Evaluation of imperfections in silica and chalcogenide glass microspheres using focussed ion beam milling and imaging
Authors: KANE D.M. , CHATER R.J. , MCPHAIL D.S.
Published: June 2012

Microspheres made from optical glasses such as silica and chalcogenide are used as both passive and active optical elements in micro‐optics systems and devices. The homogeneity of the microspheres is crucial to their optical quality and performance in such devices and so it is essential, in optimizing such systems, that techniques with nanometer scale resolution are developed to measure the internal structure and homogeneity of such spheres. In this work an analytical protocol based on focussed ion beam milling, combined with secondary ion and secondary electron imaging, has been developed to study the internal homogeneity of glass microspheres. The results have shown that silica microspheres with diameters of three to five microns, fabricated by a sol–gel method, have internal inhomogeneities and voids that will lead to non‐uniform optical properties. The FIB milling and imaging technique developed has been found to be a very useful method of studying such inhomogeneities, which have been proposed, but never previously observed, in glass microspheres. The FIB based technique has also been used on larger chalcogenide glass (Ga2S3:La2S3) microspheres (diameter of order 70 microns) but no inhomogeneities have been observed at the spatial resolution of a few microns so far achieved for these larger microspheres. This study suggests that the FIB based milling and imaging technique may have potential for quantitative use in the measurement of morphological variations in such systems as well as in the study of aging processes in micron‐sized glass spheres.
Apparent zinc absorption and zinc status of weanling rats fed moderately zinc‐deficient diets enriched with beef tallow or sunflower oil
Authors: Weigand E. , Boesch‐Saadatmandi C.
Published: June 2012

The aim of the study was to compare apparent Zn absorption and Zn status of weanling rats fed diets that differed in Zn level, fat level and fat source. Semi‐synthetic diets, which were about isoenergetic and contained 3% soyabean oil, were supplemented with 7 or 100 mg Zn/kg to create a mild Zn deficiency (LZ) or a high Zn supply (HZ) and with 0 (LF), 22% beef tallow (BT) or 22% sunflower oil (SF) according to a 2 × 3 factorial design of treatments. They were fed ad libitum to 6 × 8 rats for 28 days. Energy intake and growth rates were comparable among the HZ groups. Weight gains in the LZ‐LF, LZ‐BT and LZ‐SF groups averaged 5.54, 4.95 and 4.15 g/day, and apparent Zn absorption averaged 79.4, 60.3 and 48.0 μg Zn/day, respectively, whereas faecal Zn excretion was comparable among these groups. Apparent Zn absorption, and plasma and femur Zn concentrations were lower in the high‐fat groups than in the LF group, possibly due to the high cellulose content of the BT and SF diets. Plasma Zn concentrations were higher in the animals fed the BT‐based than in the SF‐based diets, whereas femur and soft tissue Zn concentrations were comparable among these groups. The differences between the LZ‐BT and LZ‐SF groups in growth rate, Zn absorption rate and Zn status were confirmed in a second experiment. The results indicate that moderately Zn‐deficient diets enriched with SF in relation to BT affect Zn metabolism of weanling rats by a yet unknown mechanism.
Cytokines in human milk and late‐onset breast milk jaundice
Authors: Apaydin Kader , Ermis Bahri , Arasli Mehmet , Tekin Ishak , Ankarali Handan
Published: June 2012

Background:  Maternal milk plays an important role in the development of late‐onset breast milk jaundice (BMJ), possibly due to the unique characteristics of breast milk. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relation between cytokine concentrations in the milk of nursing mothers and BMJ.

Methods:  Breast milk samples were collected from breast‐feeding mothers of healthy full‐term neonates, 40 with BMJ and 40 without jaundice. Milk samples were taken between the second and the fourth postpartum week. The concentrations of interleukin (IL)‐1 β, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, and tumor necrosis factor‐α were measured by flow cytometric bead array.

Results:  There were significant differences between the study groups in terms of IL‐1 β concentrations (P= 0.013). Not statistically significant but similar trends were also seen for IL‐10 (P= 0.067) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (P= 0.053) concentrations. However, no significant differences were noted in IL‐6 (P= 0.174) and IL‐8 (P= 0.285) concentrations.

Conclusions:  IL‐1 β concentration seems to be increased in milk of mothers whose infants had BMJ. Although the effect of these cytokines on BMJ is unknown, it may cause prolonged jaundice via hepatic uptake, hepatic excretion, conjugation and intestinal absorption.
SAP and XIAP deficiency in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Yang Xi , Miyawaki Toshio , Kanegane Hirokazu
Published: June 2012

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a multisystem inflammatory disorder due to cytokine overproduction from excessively activated lymphocytes and macrophages. HLH has been divided into two subgroups: primary HLH and secondary HLH. Primary HLH includes PRF1, UNC13D, STX11, STXBP2, RAB27A, LYST, SH2D1A and XIAP gene mutations; and secondary HLH is associated with infections, malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Among primary HLH‐related genes, SH2D1A and XIAP are genetically responsible for X‐linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP) due to signaling‐lymphocytic‐activation‐molecule‐associated protein (SAP) and XIAP deficiencies, respectively. XLP is characterized by extreme vulnerability to Epstein–Barr virus infection. The major clinical manifestations of XLP consist of HLH (60%), lymphoproliferative disorder (30%) and dysgammaglobulinemia (30%). Analysis of clinical phenotypes of XLP patients suggests that XLP predominantly shows familial HLH phenotypes, whereas some XLP patients present sporadic HLH. For many decades, clinicians and investigators have been concerned with possible XLP in young boys presenting with Epstein–Barr‐virus‐associated HLH. This review aims to describe the new knowledge about XLP and to draw the attention of the pediatrician to XLP, which should be differentiated from other forms of HLH.
Incidence of post‐stroke delirium and 1‐year outcome
Authors: Miu Doris Ka Ying , Yeung June Chui Yan
Published: June 2012

Introduction:  Post‐stroke delirium is not uncommon, and is associated with poorer outcome, higher mortality, longer hospital stay and greater risk of post‐stroke dementia. We aim to identify the incidence of post‐stroke delirium, risk factors for its development and 1‐year outcome.

Method:  Consecutive patients aged >50 years admitted to the acute stroke unit were recruited. Baseline demographic data, types of stroke, location of infarct, etiology of stroke, premorbid cognitive impairment, living arrangement, comorbidity, drug history and biochemical parameters were collected. Delirium was screened by the Confusion Assessment Method. Outcome data included length of stay, mortality, functional mobility, and placement on discharge 6 months and 12 months post‐stroke.

Results:  A total of 314 patients with a mean age of 72.9 years were recruited. Of those patients, 86 (27.4%) had delirium. Age (OR 1.05), presence of acute urinary retention (OR 7.67), chest infection (OR 22), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (OR 1.13), total anterior circulation infarct (OR 18.8), posterior circulation infarct (OR 3.52) and pre‐existing cognitive impairment (OR 2.51) were independent predictors of post‐stroke delirium. Patients with delirium had more functional disability, a higher proportion went to a nursing home on discharge (62% vs 11.2%), at 6 months (60% vs 12.5%) and at 12 months (65% vs 13%), and there was higher inpatient mortality (18% vs 2.2%) and 1‐year mortality (30% vs 7.4%). Hospital stay was also longer (45 vs 22 days).

Conclusion:  Delirium is a common complication post‐stroke, with treatable risk factors. It results in higher functional impairment, nursing home placement and mortality. Comprehensive geriatric assessment of older stroke patients might help to reduce the occurrence of delirium. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 13: 123–129.
Subjective memory impairment, objective cognitive functioning and social activity in French older people: Findings from the Three Cities study
Authors: Genziani Mirella , Stewart Robert , Béjot Yannick , Amieva Hélène , Artero Sylvaine , Ritchie Karen
Published: June 2012

Aim:  To investigate the association between subjective memory impairment (SMI) and objective cognitive impairment in later life, and to ascertain whether this is modified by level of social activity, education or living alone.

Methods:  Data were analyzed from three French community surveys carried out in Bordeaux, Dijon and Montpellier. Representative samples of 9294 residents aged 65 years and over were included in the study. SMI was ascertained and investigated in relation to performance on the Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT), the Isaac Set Test (IST) and Trail Making Test B (TMT). Adjustments were made for age, sex, education, depressive symptoms (Centre for Epidemiological Depression scale), site where study was carried out and living alone. Stratified analyses investigated modification by high or low social activity, education or living arrangement.

Results:  SMI was reported by 21.9% of the sample, and was significantly associated with lower scores on BVRT and TMT after adjustment for age, sex, education, depressive symptoms, site and living alone. These associations were not significantly modified by social activity, education or living alone.

Conclusion:  Worse subjective memory was associated independently with worse performance on two tests of cognitive function; however, in these cohorts, no evidence was found for modification of associations by social activity/support or education. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 13: 139–145.
Effects of a laughter and exercise program on physiological and psychological health among community‐dwelling elderly in Japan: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hirosaki Mayumi , Ohira Tetsuya , Kajiura Mitsugu , Kiyama Masahiko , Kitamura Akihiko , Sato Shinichi , Iso Hiroyasu
Published: June 2012

Aim:  To examine the effects of a once‐weekly laughter and exercise program on physical and psychological health among elderly people living in the community. As a regular exercise program can be difficult to maintain, we provided a more enjoyable program to enhance adherence to exercise.

Methods:  A total of 27 individuals aged 60 years or older, without disabilities, were randomly assigned to either an immediate treatment group (n = 14) or a delayed treatment group (n = 13). The intervention was a 120‐min session consisting of laughter and exercise, carried out once a week for 10 consecutive weeks. Measurements taken at baseline, 3 and 6 months included bodyweight, height, body fat, lean mass, bone mineral density, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), glucose, high‐density lipoprotein and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides, as well as self‐rated health and psychological factors.

Results:  All participants completed the 3‐month program. Bone mineral density increased significantly in the immediate treatment group compared with the delayed treatment group during the first 3 months (P < 0.001). In addition, HbA1c decreased significantly (P = 0.001), and self‐rated health increased significantly (P = 0.012).

Conclusions:  The combination of a laughter and exercise program might have physiological and psychological health benefits for the elderly. Laughter might be an effective strategy to motivate the elderly to participate in physical activity. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 13: 152–160.
How Not to Be Seen — Object Removal from Videos of Crowded Scenes
Authors: Granados M. , Tompkin J. , Kim K. , Grau O. , Kautz J. , Theobalt C.
Published: June 2012

Removing dynamic objects from videos is an extremely challenging problem that even visual effects professionals often solve with time‐consuming manual frame‐by‐frame editing. We propose a new approach to video completion that can deal with complex scenes containing dynamic background and non‐periodical moving objects. We build upon the idea that the spatio‐temporal hole left by a removed object can be filled with data available on other regions of the video where the occluded objects were visible. Video completion is performed by solving a large combinatorial problem that searches for an optimal pattern of pixel offsets from occluded to unoccluded regions. Our contribution includes an energy functional that generalizes well over different scenes with stable parameters, and that has the desirable convergence properties for a graph‐cut‐based optimization. We provide an interface to guide the completion process that both reduces computation time and allows for efficient correction of small errors in the result. We demonstrate that our approach can effectively complete complex, high‐resolution occlusions that are greater in difficulty than what existing methods have shown.
Iterative Image Warping
Authors: Bowles Huw , Mitchell Kenny , Sumner Robert W. , Moore Jeremy , Gross Markus
Published: June 2012

Animated image sequences often exhibit a large amount of inter‐frame coherence which standard rendering algorithms and pipelines are ill‐equipped to exploit, limiting their efficiency. To address this inefficiency we transfer rendering results across frames using a novel image warping algorithm based on fixed point iteration. We analyze the behavior of the iteration and describe two alternative algorithms designed to suit different performance requirements. Further, to demonstrate the versatility of our approach we apply it to a number of spatio‐temporal rendering problems including 30‐to‐60Hz frame upsampling, stereoscopic 3D conversion, defocus and motion blur. Finally we compare our approach against existing image warping methods and demonstrate a significant performance improvement.
Data‐Driven Object Manipulation in Images
Authors: Goldberg Chen , Chen Tao , Zhang Fang‐Lue , Shamir Ariel , Hu Shi‐Min
Published: June 2012

We present a framework for interactively manipulating objects in a photograph using related objects obtained from internet images. Given an image, the user selects an object to modify, and provides keywords to describe it. Objects with a similar shape are retrieved and segmented from online images matching the keywords, and deformed to correspond with the selected object. By matching the candidate object and adjusting manipulation parameters, our method appropriately modifies candidate objects and composites them into the scene. Supported manipulations include transferring texture, color and shape from the matched object to the target in a seamless manner. We demonstrate the versatility of our framework using several inputs of varying complexity, for object completion, augmentation, replacement and revealing. Our results are evaluated using a user study.
Interactive Multi‐perspective Imagery from Photos and Videos
Authors: Lieng Henrik , Tompkin James , Kautz Jan
Published: June 2012

Photographs usually show a scene from a single perspective. However, as commonly seen in art, scenes and objects can be visualized from multiple perspectives. Making such images manually is time consuming and tedious. We propose a novel system for designing multi‐perspective images and videos. First, the images in the input sequence are aligned using structure from motion. This enables us to track feature points across the sequence. Second, the user chooses portal polygons in a target image into which different perspectives are to be embedded. The corresponding image regions from the other images are then copied into these portals. Due to the tracking feature and automatic warping, this approach is considerably faster than current tools. We explore a wide range of artistic applications using our system with image and video data, such as looking around corners and up and down stair cases, recursive multi‐perspective imaging, cubism and panoramas.
Novel‐View Synthesis of Outdoor Sport Events Using an Adaptive View‐Dependent Geometry
Authors: Germann Marcel , Popa Tiberiu , Keiser Richard , Ziegler Remo , Gross Markus
Published: June 2012

We propose a novel fully automatic method for novel‐viewpoint synthesis. Our method robustly handles multi‐camera setups featuring wide‐baselines in an uncontrolled environment. In a first step, robust and sparse point correspondences are found based on an extension of the Daisy features [TLF10]. These correspondences together with back‐projection errors are used to drive a novel adaptive coarse to fine reconstruction method, allowing to approximate detailed geometry while avoiding an extreme triangle count.

To render the scene from arbitrary viewpoints we use a view‐dependent blending of color information in combination with a view‐dependent geometry morph. The view‐dependent geometry compensates for misalignments caused by calibration errors. We demonstrate that our method works well under arbitrary lighting conditions with as little as two cameras featuring wide‐baselines. The footage taken from real sports broadcast events contains fine geometric structures, which result in nice novel‐viewpoint renderings despite of the low resolution in the images.
Analytic Anti‐Aliasing of Linear Functions on Polytopes
Authors: Auzinger T. , Guthe M. , Jeschke S.
Published: June 2012

This paper presents an analytic formulation for anti‐aliased sampling of 2D polygons and 3D polyhedra. Our framework allows the exact evaluation of the convolution integral with a linear function defined on the polytopes. The filter is a spherically symmetric polynomial of any order, supporting approximations to refined variants such as the Mitchell‐Netravali filter family. This enables high‐quality rasterization of triangles and tetrahedra with linearly interpolated vertex values to regular and non‐regular grids. A closed form solution of the convolution is presented and an efficient implementation on the GPU using DirectX and CUDA C is described.
SMAA: Enhanced Subpixel Morphological Antialiasing
Authors: Jimenez Jorge , Echevarria Jose I. , Sousa Tiago , Gutierrez Diego
Published: June 2012

We present a new image‐based, post‐processing antialiasing technique, which offers practical solutions to the common, open problems of existing filter‐based real‐time antialiasing algorithms. Some of the new features include local contrast analysis for more reliable edge detection, and a simple and effective way to handle sharp geometric features and diagonal lines. This, along with our accelerated and accurate pattern classification allows for a better reconstruction of silhouettes. Our method shows for the first time how to combine morphological antialiasing (MLAA) with additional multi/supersampling strategies (MSAA, SSAA) for accurate subpixel features, and how to couple it with temporal reprojection; always preserving the sharpness of the image. All these solutions combine synergies making for a very robust technique, yielding results of better overall quality than previous approaches while more closely converging to MSAA/SSAA references but maintaining extremely fast execution times. Additionally, we propose different presets to better fit the available resources or particular needs of each scenario.
Black is Green: Adaptive Color Transformation For Reduced Ink Usage
Authors: Shapira L. , Oicherman B.
Published: June 2012

A vast majority of color transformations applied to an image in the digital press industry are static and pre‐calculated. In order to achieve the best quality on a wide variety of different images, these transformations tend to be highly conservative with respect to the use of black ink. This results in excessive use of inks, which has a negative economic and environmental impact. We present a method for dynamic computation of color transformation based on image content, with the aim to reduce ink usage. We analyze the image, and predict areas in which quality artifacts that may result from such a reduction will be masked by the image content. These areas include detailed textures, noisy areas and structure. We then replace the image CMYK values by a new combination with increased black. Our algorithm ensures negligible color shifts in the resulting image, and no visible reduction in quality. We achieve an average of over 10% ink savings.
Repetition Maximization based Texture Rectification
Authors: Aiger Dror , Cohen‐Or Daniel , Mitra Niloy J.
Published: June 2012

Many photographs are taken in perspective. Techniques for rectifying resulting perspective distortions typically rely on the existence of parallel lines in the scene. In scenarios where such parallel lines are hard to automatically extract or manually annotate, the unwarping process remains a challenge. In this paper, we introduce an automatic algorithm to rectifying images containing textures of repeated elements lying on an unknown plane. We unwrap the input by maximizing for image self‐similarity over the space of homography transformations. We map a set of detected regional descriptors to surfaces in a transformation space, compute the intersection points among triplets of such surfaces, and then use consensus among the projected intersection points to extract the correcting transform. Our algorithm is global, robust, and does not require explicit or accurate detection of similar elements. We evaluate our method on a variety of challenging textures and images. The rectified outputs are directly useful for various tasks including texture synthesis, image completion, etc.
Interaction Retrieval by Spacetime Proximity Graphs
Authors: Tang Jeff K.T. , Chan Jacky C.P. , Leung Howard , Komura Taku
Published: June 2012

In this paper, we propose a new method to index and retrieve animation scenes in which multiple characters closely interact with one another. Such a technique can be an important tool for animators when they want to automatically extract the desired scene from a large database of animation sequence. Existing methods for single character movements do not scale well for multiple characters as they do not take into account the interaction of different body parts. In this paper, we propose a new distance function that computes the similarity of two‐character interations using the spatial relationship of the body parts. For each interaction, we produce a time‐varying graph structure based on the proximity of different joints, and compute the similarity of interactions by comparing the topology and Laplacian coordinates of the time‐varying graph. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms previous methods which are based on the kinematics of individual characters. The top retrieved samples are found similar in high level semantics while containing style variations.
ShadowPix: Multiple Images from Self Shadowing
Authors: Bermano Amit , Baran Ilya , Alexa Marc , Matusk Wojciech
Published: June 2012

ShadowPixare white surfaces that display several prescribed images formed by the self‐shadowing of the surface when lit from certain directions. The effect is surprising and not commonly seen in the real world. We present algorithms for constructing ShadowPixthat allow up to four images to be embedded in a single surface. ShadowPixcan produce a variety of unusual effects depending on the embedded images: moving the light can animate or relight the object in the image, or three colored lights may be used to produce a single colored image. ShadowPixare easy to manufacture using a 3D printer and we present photographs, videos, and renderings demonstrating these effects.
Interactive Coherence‐Based Façade Modeling
Authors: Musialski Przemyslaw , Wimmer Michael , Wonka Peter
Published: June 2012

We propose a novel interactive framework for modeling building façades from images. Our method is based on the notion of coherence‐based editing which allows exploiting partial symmetries across the façade at any level of detail. The proposed workflow mixes manual interaction with automatic splitting and grouping operations based on unsupervised cluster analysis. In contrast to previous work, our approach leads to detailed 3d geometric models with up to several thousand regions per façade. We compare our modeling scheme to others and evaluate our approach in a user study with an experienced user and several novice users.
Gender differences in inference generation by fourth‐grade students
Authors: Clinton Virginia , Seipel Ben , van den Broek Paul , McMaster Kristen L. , Kendeou Panayiota , Carlson Sarah E. , Rapp David N.
Published: June 2012

The purpose of this study was to determine if there are gender differences among elementary school‐aged students in regard to the inferences they generate during reading. Fourth‐grade students (130 females; 126 males) completed think‐aloud tasks while reading one practice and one experimental narrative text. Females generated a larger number and a greater proportion of reinstatement inferences than did males (Cohen's d = .34, p = .01; Cohen's d = .26, p = .04, respectively). In contrast, there was no evidence for gender differences in other types of think‐aloud responses. These findings suggest that males and females differ in their use of cognitive processes that underlie reading comprehension, particularly with respect to the likelihood of retrieval of information from episodic memory.
Non‐linear Effects of Comparison Income in Quit Decisions: Status versus Signal!
Authors: Pfeifer Christian , Schneck Stefan
Published: June 2012

This research note utilizes German matched employer–employee data to investigate the relationship between mobility and relative wage positions within establishments for workers without university degrees. The main innovation involves the examination of non‐linear effects, because previous literature mainly analyses mean linear effects. Our random‐effects probit estimates of mobility suggest a non‐linear U‐shaped effect with respect to relative standing. This is plausible because workers in low relative wage positions might quit because of their low status and those in high relative wage positions because of their low career advancement opportunities. Consideration of non‐linearities, thus, is a major improvement for the analysis of the effects of relative wage positions.
Mobilizing to Stay Put: Housing Struggles in New York City
Authors: MAECKELBERGH MARIANNE
Published: June 2012

This article examines how housing becomes a basis for mobilization that brings residents in East Harlem, New York City into internationally mobile social movement networks. These networks foster the mobility of people, practices and ideas to transform ‘housing’ from an immobile practice into a mobile, shifting entity experienced as tenuous, a counterfactual demand for immobility, and an expression of a shared desire for self‐determination. Through mobilizing frames that turn the demand for decent housing into a struggle against neoliberalism, gentrification and displacement, and for collective self‐determination, housing struggles create multi‐scale networks of mobility that are essential to pursuing a neighborhood‐level struggle to stay put.

Le logement est à la base d'une mobilisation des New‐yorkais de East Harlem qui les a fait entrer dans des réseaux de mouvements sociaux mobiles à l'échelon international. Ces réseaux favorisent la mobilité des individus, des pratiques et des idées de sorte que le ‘logement’ ne soit plus une expérience immobile, mais une entité variable mobile vécue comme précaire, une demande virtuelle d'immobilité et l'expression d'un désir commun d'autodétermination. En passant par des cadres de mobilisation qui transforment la demande de logement décent en un combat à la fois contre le néolibéralisme, la gentrification et les déménagements forcés, et pour une autodétermination collective, les luttes liées au logement créent des réseaux de mobilitéà plusieurs échelons, indispensables à la résistance des habitants qui ne veulent pas quitter leur quartier.
When do politicians listen to lobbyists (and who benefits when they do)?
Authors: BERNHAGEN PATRICK
Published: June 2012

This article provides an empirical test of an informational model of lobbying. The model predicts when lobbyists provide useful information to policy makers and when policy makers follow lobbyists' advice. The predictions are assessed against data on the policy positions and lobbying activities of firms and other organised groups in the context of 28 policy proposals advanced by United Kingdom governments between 2001 and 2007. The results suggest that the interactions between policy makers and lobbyists are driven mainly by the expected policy costs for policy makers, providing lobbyists with strong incentives to provide correct advice to policy makers. There is little support for the expectation that lobbyists can successfully persuade policy makers to take a course of action that is beneficial to the lobbyist at the expense of wider constituencies.
RECOVER evidence and knowledge gap analysis on veterinary CPR. Part 5: Monitoring
Authors: Brainard Benjamin M. , Boller Manuel , Fletcher Daniel J. ,   the RECOVER Monitoring Domain Worksheet Authors
Published: June 2012

Objective

To systematically examine the evidence on patient monitoring before, during, and following veterinary CPR and to identify scientific knowledge gaps.

Design

Standardized, systematic evaluation of the literature, categorization of relevant articles according to level of evidence and quality, and development of consensus on conclusions for application of the concepts to clinical practice. Relevant questions were answered on a worksheet template and reviewed by the Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation (RECOVER) monitoring domain members, by the RECOVER committee and opened for comments by veterinary professionals for 3 months.

Setting

Academia, referral practice, and general practice.

Results

Eighteen worksheets evaluated monitoring practices relevant for diagnosing cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA), monitoring CPR efforts, identifying return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and post‐ROSC monitoring.

Conclusions

Although veterinary clinical trials are lacking, experimental literature using canine models and human clinical trials provided relevant data. The major conclusions from this analysis of the literature highlight the utility of end‐tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) monitoring to identify ROSC and possibly to evaluate quality of CPR. In addition, recommendations for ECG analysis during CPR were addressed. Unless the patient is instrumented at the time of CPA, other monitoring devices (eg, Doppler flow probe) are likely not useful for diagnosis of CPA, and the possibility of pulseless electrical activity makes ECG inappropriate as a sole diagnostic tool. Optimal monitoring of the intra‐ and postcardiac arrest patient remains to be determined in clinical veterinary medicine, and further evaluation of the prognostic and prescriptive utility of EtCO2 monitoring will provide material for future studies in veterinary CPR.
Obesity impairs wound closure through a vasculogenic mechanism
Authors: Wagner I. Janelle , Szpalski Caroline , Allen Robert J. , Davidson Edward H. , Canizares Orlando , Saadeh Pierre B. , Warren Stephen M.
Published: June 2012

Since obesity impairs wound healing and bone marrow (BM)‐derived vasculogenic progenitor cells (PCs) are important for tissue repair, we hypothesize that obesity‐impaired wound healing is due, in part, to impaired PC mobilization, trafficking, and function. Peripheral blood was obtained from nondiabetic, obese (BMI > 30, n = 25), and nonobese (BMI < 30, n = 17) subjects. Peripheral blood human (h)PCs were isolated, quantified, and functionally assessed. To corroborate the human experiments, 6‐mm stented wounds were created on nondiabetic obese mice (TALLYHO/JngJ, n = 15) and nonobese mice (SWR/J, n = 15). Peripheral blood mouse (m)PCs were quantified and wounds were analyzed. There was no difference in the number of baseline circulating hPCs in nondiabetic, obese (hPC‐ob), and nonobese (hPC‐nl) subjects, but hPC‐ob had impaired adhesion (p < 0.05), migration (p < 0.01), and proliferation (p < 0.001). Nondiabetic obese mice had a significant decrease in the number of circulating PCs (mPC‐ob) at 7 (p = 0.008) and 14 days (p = 0.003) after wounding. The impaired circulating mPC‐ob response correlated with significantly impaired wound closure at days 14 (p < 0.001) and 21 (p < 0.001) as well as significantly fewer new blood vessels in the wounds (p < 0.001). Our results suggest that obesity impairs the BM‐derived vasculogenic PC response to peripheral injury and this, in turn, impairs wound closure.
Changing Paradigms in Seagrass Restoration
Authors: Cunha Alexandra H. , Marbá Núria N. , van Katwijk Marieke M. , Pickerell Christopher , Henriques Miguel , Bernard Guillaume , Ferreira M. Adelaide , Garcia Silvia , Garmendia Joxe M. , Manent Pablo
Published: June 2012

Sharing experiences and results among scientists and managers working on seagrass restoration was the main objective of the first European Seagrass Restoration Workshop that gathered researchers from around Europe. The meeting was the first forum in Europe that allowed for scientists, NGOs, and managers to interact and share their experiences relating to seagrass restoration and management. The results show that none of the seagrass restoration programs developed in Europe by the participants during the last 10 years was successful. Furthermore, an informal review of data published in seagrass restoration success, showed that the results reported were biased because they were mostly based on a very short monitoring period (i.e. <1 year). Numerous decision trees, guidelines, and restoration models have been developed to aid seagrass restoration management, but the results of this workshop point toward a new paradigm in seagrass restoration were efforts should shift to give priority to natural restoration potential, with an emphasis on the fact that restoration should never be considered the first alternative when planning for the mitigation of coastal development projects or to justify mitigation as a compensation measure for economic activities.