bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Close Contact Transillumination Light Guides Surgeon to Vaginal Point Aa: Pharus Method for Robot‐Assisted Sacrocolpopexy
Authors: Yoshida Ueno Akiko , Sato Takayuki , Kobayashi Michiya , Wakatsuki Shinya , Namba Takaomi , Hayashi Kazutoshi
Published: November 2024

Introduction

In robot‐assisted sacrocolpopexy (RSC) for patients with cystocele, accurate identification of the vaginal point Aa from the serosal side is crucial for surgical mesh placement in the appropriate position. We developed a novel Pharus method for exactly locating the point Aa for RSC.

Methods

In the Pharus method, the tip of a rigid endoscope was placed directly on the vaginal point Aa. In a preliminary experiment, we observed LED lights with different wavelengths of 450–870 nm using the Firefly imaging system to evaluate which wavelengths of light were captured by the Firefly mode. In a clinical study, the Pharus method was employed in four patients with Stage II or more advanced cystocele undergoing RSC. For comparison, a near‐infrared fluorescence method by indocyanine green (ICG) tattooing at the point Aa was also performed. The visibility of each method was evaluated under Firefly‐mode imaging.

Results

In the preliminary experiment, visible LED lights with wavelengths ≤ 720 nm, and near‐infrared LED lights with wavelengths ≥ 830 nm were detected by the Firefly mode. In RSC using the Pharus method, the point Aa of each patient was clearly highlighted as a green spot from the serosal side by the endoscopic white light penetrating the vaginal wall with a thickness of 3.3–4.6 mm. Compared with the ICG tattooing method, the Pharus method showed superior visibility in all patients.

Conclusion

The transillumination light effectively guided the surgeon to the vaginal point Aa, which can be likened to the Latin word “pharus,” meaning lighthouse.
Dynamics of measurable residual disease for risk stratification and guiding allogeneic transplant in acute myeloid leukaemia patients with myelodysplasia‐related mutations in first remission
Authors: Jiang Ling , Cheng Jiaying , Sun Junya , Zhang Yujiao , Wu Quan , Huang Yun , Long Zhiquan , Yan Ping , Jiang Xuejie
Published: November 2024

Accurate classification and risk prediction are critical for therapeutic decision‐making in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Myelodysplasia‐related (MR) gene mutations are classified as adverse genetic factors by the European LeukaemiaNet‐2022 guidelines. However, their prognostic value in de novo AML remains controversial. This study retrospectively analysed 188 patients with de novo AML‐MR, stratifying them into four subgroups based on dynamic measurable residual disease (MRD) after induction, one or two courses of consolidation chemotherapy. The median follow‐up was 36.8 months (4.6–73.7). Patients with persistent or recurrent MRD positivity after the second consolidation had the poorest 3‐year relapse‐free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS) and cumulative incidence of relapse compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis identified this high‐risk group as an independent risk factor for both RFS and OS. We observed significant heterogeneity of OS benefit from allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT) by MRD‐risk groups, with substantial OS advantage for patients in subgroup D (3‐year OS: allo‐SCT 70.0% vs. 18.2% without, p < 0.001) but no benefit for others (p = 0.047 for interaction). This study underscores the importance of dynamic MRD in refining risk stratification and identifying de novo AML patients with MR mutations who would benefit from allo‐SCT during the first complete remission.
Cues of trait dominance elicit inferences of psychological ownership
Authors: Hingston Sean T. , Tian Laura , Deska Jason C.
Published: November 2024

Psychological ownership refers to the subjective feeling that something is mine. Although research shows that observed behaviours towards a target object can signal psychological ownership to others, we propose that trait cues—specifically, cues of dominance—also inform inferences of psychological ownership. Across four pre‐registered studies, we predict and find that another person's trait dominance promotes inferences of psychological ownership for both a tangible (e.g. a restaurant booth) and intangible entity (e.g. a brand). This effect persists across three different trait dominance cues, providing convergent evidence of this relationship. Thus, we extend prior research by showing that cues of a trait that predicts an antecedent to psychological ownership can promote inferences of psychological ownership. Theoretical implications and future research opportunities are also discussed.
The Segmented Multi‐Source Sediment Routing System on the Hangingwall Dipslope of the Xihu Depression, East China Sea Shelf Basin: Insights From Palaeogeomorphology, U–Pb Ages and Heavy Minerals
Authors: Zhou Ziqiang , Zhu Hongtao , Liu Qianghu , Qin Lanzhi
Published: November 2024

Coeval input systems in rift basins may interact with each other to form a segmented multi‐source sediment routing system. Importantly, its division into proximal zones, where a single source dominates, and interaction zones, where multiple sources mix, enables the interactions between input systems to be characterised. Here, we exploit this conceptual framework to revisit the middle Eocene–early Oligocene hangingwall dipslope of the Xihu depression in the East China Sea Shelf Basin, where extensive 3D seismic data, detrital zircon U–Pb ages and heavy mineral compositions are available. We first combined palaeogeomorphological and sedimentological features with age signatures to distinguish three areas: the northwestern area was identified for its proximity to the Haijiao uplift and invariably high proportions of Palaeoproterozoic ages (41%–54%); the southwestern area adjacent to the Yushan uplift was distinct for enriched Cretaceous‐aged zircons (36%) and the transition area in between was characterised by its remoteness to both uplifts, an embayed geometry and mixed age signatures that are not identical to any individual input. These spatial variations support the segmented framework for the multi‐source system, with the northwestern and southwestern areas representing two palaeo‐input systems and the transition area as their interaction zone. In this context, we then used mixture models to determine spatio‐temporal variations in the mixing proportions of the two palaeo‐input systems. The zircon‐based results indicate that the mixing proportion sustained from the middle to the late Eocene, during which the basin was in the late syn‐rift stage and marine environments. This is corroborated by heavy mineral composition that shows only minor changes. We interpret the roughly sustained mixing proportions as reflecting both the spatially uniform nature of broad subsidence and the strong tidal processes that ‘erased’ the effects of avulsions. In contrast, a clear provenance shift in both zircon ages and heavy minerals occurred from the late Eocene to the early Oligocene, coinciding with a transition to the tectonic inversion stage and a shift towards non‐marine environments. The provenance shift, together with the southward expansion of the axial drainage, likely represents the sedimentary response to the southward decreasing inversion magnitude of the Yuquan Event. In addition, we hypothesize that in the absence of strong tides, avulsions might have controlled the mixing proportion, particularly over short timescales. Ultimately, this study demonstrates the segmented multi‐source framework, if properly incorporated, can provide key insights into dipslope sedimentation.
Interaction Between DHCR24 and hsa_circ_0015335 Facilitates Cognitive Impairment in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Patients
Authors: Shi Yachen , Xu Min , Wang Feng , Zhang Xiaoxuan , Cheng Chao , Han Yan , Xi Guangjun , Mao Haixia , Deng Jingyu , Gao Qianqian , Ji Yi , Ma Xuemei , Li Mingyu , Fang Xiangming
Published: November 2024

Aims

The study attempted to determine the underlying role and regulation mechanism of 3β‐hydroxysterol‐Δ24 reductase (DHCR24) in the pathophysiology of cerebral small vessel disease‐associated cognitive impairment (CSVD‐CI). An RNA high‐throughput sequencing and independent verification were conducted to identify potential circRNAs becoming the upstream regulator.

Methods

RNA sequencing was performed in whole‐blood samples in cohort 1 (10 CSVD‐CI and 8 CSVD with cognitively normal [CSVD‐CN] patients). The DHCR24 and candidate circRNAs were verified in an independent cohort 2 (45 CSVD‐CI participants and 37 CSVD‐CN ones). The study also analyzed comprehensive cognitive assessments, plasma molecular index, and brain structure imaging.

Results

The expression of DHCR24 and has_circ_0015335 in whole‐blood samples of CSVD‐CI patients was significantly reduced compared to CSVD‐CN patients in RNA sequencing and independent verification. Furthermore, the levels of DHCR24 and has_circ_0015335 were significantly related to global cognitive impairment in CSVD‐CI patients. Meanwhile, DHCR24 could regulate the correlation between has_circ_0015335 expression and alterations in brain cortex in surface area, thickness, and volume in CSVD‐CI patients. Additionally, hsa_circ_0015335 interacted with DHCR24 for plasma 24(S)‐hydroxycholesterol levels among CSVD‐CI patients.

Conclusion

Interaction between DHCR24 and hsa_circ_0015335 cognitively impaired CSVD by affecting brain cholesterol metabolism and brain structural changes.
Red Tourists and National Identity in the Museum Commemorating Deng Xiaoping
Authors: Tang Yong , Tan Suya , Zhao Shuang , Cheng Weiyu
Published: November 2024

This study aims to identify types of red tourists based on their travel motivations for visiting the museum commemorating Deng Xiaoping, with a focus on their experiential sense of national identity conceived by the two identified groups ahead of the centennial celebration of the Communist Party of China. Survey data collected from 349 mainland Chinese tourists revealed that red tourism in China is a complex cultural, social, and economic phenomenon, rather than merely an agent of political socialization, because the museum attracts red tourists who are interested not only in patriotic education and commemoration but also in leisure and recreation. Red visitors seem to be patriots who identify China as a multi‐ethnic country and a great nation, whereas red pilgrims are more likely to align with specific political ideologies, such as socialist road and core socialist values. The study enhances our understanding of the types of red tourists and their individual differences in travel motivations and national identity, suggesting curators evaluate the effectiveness of their marketing strategies and consider making minor changes to the exhibits for different types of visitors.
Data sharing and re‐use as a moral imperative in animal research
Authors: Bjerke Ingvild E.
Published: November 2024

Here, I discuss data sharing and re‐use as a moral imperative for research that uses animals in neuroscience. I argue that we are ethically required to make sure that we gain as much knowledge as possible from the animals we use, and that doing so involves making sure that the data from our experiment makes it into the public record of knowledge. I suggest several ways in which journals, grant bodies and policymakers can contribute to making data sharing and re‐use mainstream practices.
Effects of cross‐linking agents on hydroxyproline release and root caries lesion size: Systematic review and network meta‐analysis of in vitro studies
Authors: Monici Silva Isabela , Barbosa Cecília de Brito , Cena Jéssica Alves de , Ribeiro Erick , Garcia Fernanda Cristina Pimentel , Stefani Cristine Miron , Dame‐Teixeira Naile
Published: November 2024

A promising approach for managing root caries is the use of cross‐linking agents to stabilize collagen. However, despite testing various natural and synthetic agents in vitro, their efficacy remains uncertain. The aim of this review was to examine which cross‐linking agent performs better in reducing root caries lesion depth and the release of hydroxyproline, which is a marker of collagen degradation. Studies evaluating the impact of cross‐linking agents on dentin were included, while studies performed on enamel surface/cell cultures and studies evaluating collagenase inhibitors were excluded, among others. A comprehensive search covered eight databases, and study quality was assessed using the QUINN Tool for in vitro dental studies. Synthesis of the results was done using a Bayesian network meta‐analysis to compare agents. Fifty studies involving 31 cross‐linking agents were included for qualitative synthesis. The network meta‐analysis for lesion depth involved 284 samples across 36 comparisons and ranked cross‐linking agents in terms of their caries lesion depth‐reducing effect (from best to worst): naringin > quercetin > riboflavin > proanthocyanidins > hesperidin > glutaraldehyde > cranberry > grape seed extract > untreated controls. Only naringin, quercetin, proanthocyanidins, and glutaraldehyde showed statistically significant efficacy over untreated controls. Cranberry extract excelled in reducing hydroxyproline release, followed by proanthocyanidins. In conclusion, proanthocyanidins positively affected both outcomes, suggesting they are prime candidates for translational research. Clinical studies are now essential to evaluate their real‐world effectiveness against root caries. PROSPERO‐CRD42023404911.
Drivers of Data Contribution to an Electronic Citizen Science Platform for Anglers in Denmark
Authors: Gundelund Casper , Marcer Marco , Skov Christian
Published: November 2024

Citizen science platforms are an alternative to traditional survey methods for collecting data from recreational fisheries. However, to supplement data collection, challenges associated with these platforms must be addressed, such as lack of recruitment and sustained engagement. Some platforms distinguish between recruitment and data contribution in that participants might register on a platform, but only a subset starts contributing data, and even fewer continue to do so. To further understanding of drivers behind data contribution, we first assessed the willingness to share information, using response rates to optional questions asked during account registration, among three distinct groups of participants on an electronic citizen science platform for anglers: (i) registered and did not contribute data (registrants); (ii) registered and contributed data in a single year (contributors); and (iii) registered and contributed data in multiple years (sustained contributors). We next modeled demographic and fishery‐specific questions to determine specific drivers of data contribution and sustained contribution. Willingness to share information upon registration was lowest among registrants, intermediate among contributors, and highest among sustained contributors. The answer to the question “How important is angling as a hobby for you?” was the main driver in moving from registrant to contributor and from contributor to sustained contributor (i.e., participants who considered angling a more important hobby were more likely to be contributors and sustained contributors). Additionally, the probability of being a contributor declined over time, and angler residence (postal codes) was a driver of sustained contribution. Our findings indicated temporal and spatial instability in the participant base.
The Changing Geography of Innovation: Comparing Urban, Suburban and Rural Areas
Authors: Holl Adelheid , Martínez Catalina , Casado Clara
Published: November 2024

Using novel geocoded patent data for Spain, we analyze the changing spatial pattern of innovative activity at the municipal level from 1995 to 2017 and find that patenting has become increasingly concentrated in urban areas, and more so for the most disruptive innovations. We also find that even though there was a convergence trend before the 2008 Great Recession between suburban and urban core locations, it has since vanished, and stark differences continue to persist. We test for path dependent dynamics along with different determinants of the changing spatial pattern of patenting. Our granular analysis unveils a more nuanced view of the geography of innovation for urban, suburban and rural areas and for different types of inventions according to their degree of radicalness.
Intensive grazing confounds the patterns of plant compositional change along a soil pH gradient, not an aridity gradient, in the Mongolian steppe
Authors: Ishii Naohiro I. , Nishimura Issei , Qi Yulan , Gantsetseg Batdelger , Kagami Maiko , Takimoto Gaku , Sasaki Takehiro
Published: November 2024

Aridity, edaphic variables and livestock grazing are major drivers of plant community composition across arid rangelands. Accumulated knowledge exists on the impact of each driver on community composition. Although previous studies have demonstrated changes in direct grazing impacts on ecosystem functions and community composition at different aridity levels, ranging from mesic to arid grasslands, whether a regional‐scale and continuous spatial pattern of plant compositional change along a gradient of aridity or edaphic variables is altered by grazing remains controversial. We compared the determinants and patterns of compositional changes with/without highly intensive grazing in the semi‐arid/arid regions of Mongolia. The compositional changes based on Bray–Curtis dissimilarity were investigated using generalized dissimilarity modeling, including geographic distance, aridity, soil pH and soil texture as independent variables. Aridity consistently had a significant impact on community composition, regardless of the region and presence/absence of grazing. However, a difference in response patterns was observed between the regions. The compositional change was steeper at the upper (drier) limit of aridity than at the lower limit in the arid region. This pattern indicates the vulnerability of plant communities to aridity shifts owing to future climate change, especially in the desert steppe of Mongolia, although the predictions of shifts in aridity are not accurate. In addition, regardless of the region, the effects of soil pH on the community composition were eliminated by the presence of grazing. Grazing may homogenize community composition by not reflecting the spatial heterogeneity of soil pH or nutrient availability via selective herbivory. Despite the potential indirect impacts of climate change on community composition via soil pH, the observations for only plant communities under intensive grazing might overlook regional biodiversity changes caused by global change drivers.
UNDERSTANDING THE GREAT RECESSION THROUGH THE BANKING SECTOR
Authors: Ogawa Toshiaki
Published: November 2024

I develop a general equilibrium model to explore heterogeneous bank liquidity management. Smaller banks, driven by stronger precautionary motives, tend to accumulate capital and liquidity buffers, rendering them less susceptible to liquidity risk than larger banks. Whereas negative productivity shocks affect all banks' loans similarly, liquidity shocks result in lending responses that vary by bank size. Mapping the model to panel data, I argue that initially, liquidity shocks were the primary driver of the Great Recession, followed by negative demand shocks that accounted for approximately 60% of the recession's greatest fall in aggregate loans.
Diagnosis and management of mantle cell lymphoma: a consensus practice statement from the Australasian Lymphoma Alliance
Authors: Barraclough Allison , Tang Catherine , Lasica Masa , Smyth Elizabeth , Cirillo Melita , Mutsando Howard , Cheah Chan Y. , Ku Matthew
Published: November 2024

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a clinically heterogeneous B‐cell neoplasm with unique clinicopathological features, accounting for 5% of all non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. Although for many chemoimmunotherapy can lead to durable remissions, those with poor baseline prognostic factors, namely blastoid morphology, TP53 aberrancy and Ki67 >30%, will have less durable responses to conventional therapies. With this in mind, clinical trials have focused on novel targeted therapies to improve outcomes. This review details the recent advances in the understanding of MCL biology and outlines the recommended diagnostic strategies and evidence‐based approaches to treatment.
Immunoglobulin A Antibodies: From Protection to Harmful Roles
Authors: Gleeson Patrick J. , Camara Niels O. S. , Launay Pierre , Lehuen Agnès , Monteiro Renato C.
Published: November 2024

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundantly produced antibody in humans. IgA is a unique class of immunoglobulin due to its multiple molecular forms, and a defining difference between the two subclasses: IgA1 has a long hinge‐region that is heavily O‐glycosylated, whereas the IgA2 hinge‐region is shorter but resistant to bacterial proteases prevalent at mucosal sites. IgA is essential for immune homeostasis and education. Mucosal IgA plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the mucosal barrier by immune exclusion of pathobionts while facilitating colonization with certain commensals; a large part of the gut microbiota is coated with IgA. In the circulation, monomeric IgA that has not been engaged by antigen plays a discrete role in dampening inflammatory responses. Protective and harmful roles of IgA have been studied over several decades, but a new understanding of the complex role of this immunoglobulin in health and disease has been provided by recent studies. Here, we discuss the physiological and pathological roles of IgA with a special focus on the gut, kidneys, and autoimmunity. We also discuss new IgA‐based therapeutic approaches.
Dental Caries and Extrinsic Black Tooth Stain in Children With Primary, Mixed and Permanent Dentitions: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Feng Jiangling , Yu Siyuan , Zhou Ni , Liu Juan , Ding Hui , Wu Yao , Wong Hai Ming
Published: November 2024

Background

Dental caries and extrinsic black tooth stain (EBS) are prevalent among children, with current evidence suggesting a negative correlation between them. It is unclear whether the factors contributing to developing or preventing dental caries and EBS are connected or aligned.

Aim

To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of caries and EBS among children with primary, mixed and permanent dentitions.

Design

This was designed as a cross‐sectional study. Probability proportionate to size sampling and simple random sampling methods were used to recruit children aged 5, 9 and 12. Three calibrated paediatric dentists conducted intra‐oral examinations. Nutritional supplements, oral health–related behaviours and family background were collected. Bivariate analysis, negative binomial and binary logistic regression were performed.

Results

Caries and EBS prevalence were 83.7% and 4.7%, respectively. A decreasing trend in caries and an increasing trend in EBS prevalence were observed across three dentitions. Caries were associated with EBS, oral hygiene, vitamin intake, gender, food‐pocketing habits, toothbrushing duration, dental attendance and socioeconomic status. EBS was more likely to occur in caries‐free children (OR = 4.42, 95% CI 2.97,6.58, p < 0.001) and children without vitamin consumption (OR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.07, 2.36, p = 0.021).

Conclusion

The occurrence of caries and EBS varied across different dentition stages. Their risk and protective factors were not significantly aligned.
Bipolar HiPIMS kick‐pulse for high hardness in high‐entropy boride thin films
Authors: McIlwaine Nathaniel S. , Rios Nestor O. Marquez , Zurek Eva , Brenner Donald W. , Fahrenholtz William G. , Curtarolo Stefano , Wolfe Douglas E. , Maria Jon‐Paul
Published: November 2024

We report a microhardness indentation study for multicomponent refractory metal boride thin films that belong to the family of high‐entropy ceramics exhibiting superior hardness and high temperature properties. We focus on the nominally equimolar composition (Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)B2, which we refer to as HEB3, on c‐plane sapphire substrates. Thin films are prepared using bipolar high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS), where the positive kick pulse is optimized to produce films with high density, high crystallinity, and a microstructure that is isometric in nature as revealed by cross‐sectional fracture surface imaging, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray reflectometry. Low‐load Knoop indentation is used to measure microhardness. We find strong trends linking kick‐pulse magnitude, microstructure uniformity, high density, and Knoop hardness. Optimized conditions can produce films with low‐load Knoop hardness exceeding 30 GPa. To validate these trends, we present a rigorous indent characterization campaign and discussion considering possible artifacts from roughness, thickness, and indent loading. The key finding of our study is the ability of engineering bombardment by using a low duty‐cycle pulsed plasma to manipulate crystal structure without sacrificing crystallinity, and in turn boost material hardness.
Short‐range order and topology of Te‐rich amorphous Ge–Sb–Te alloys
Authors: Pethes I. , Piarristeguy A. , Pradel A. , Escalier R. , Micoulaut M. , Michalik S. , Darpentigny J. , Zitolo A. , Jóvári P.
Published: November 2024

The structure of evaporated amorphous GexSbxTe100−2x (x = 6, 9, 13) alloys was investigated by neutron diffraction, X‐ray diffraction, and extended X‐ray absorption spectroscopy at the Ge, Sb, and Te K‐edges. Large‐scale structural models were generated by fitting the experimental datasets (five for each composition) simultaneously in the framework of the reverse Monte Carlo simulation technique. It was found that the alloys are chemically ordered (Ge and Sb have predominantly Te neighbors) and within the experimental uncertainty, each component satisfies the 8 – N rule. A comparison with the pair correlation functions of melt‐quenched Ge20Te80 revealed that the first minimum of gTeTe(r) is shallower in the ternary alloys than in Ge20Te80. On the other hand, the separation of the first and second coordination environments of Ge atoms is stronger in the Ge–Sb–Te alloys investigated.
Er3+–Yb3+ codoped oxyfluoride germanate glass ceramics containing SrF2 nanocrystals for 1.5 µm optical amplification
Authors: Li Siqiang , Zhang Xizhen , Song Linke , Zhang Yanqiu , Gao Duan , Zhang Sujuan , Pan Xiuyu , Zhang Yuhang , Chen Baojiu
Published: November 2024

Er3+–Yb3+ codoped transparent oxyfluoride germanate glass ceramics (GCs) containing SrF2 nanocrystals (NCs) have been prepared by melt quenching method. We have measured absorption, photoluminescence (PL), and PL decay. The PL spectra excited at 378 nm and 980 nm for 1.53 µm near‐infrared (NIR) and visible emission have been investigated. By using Judd–Ofelt (JO) theory, optical transition parameters have been calculated. Thanks to low phonon energy SrF2 NCs and high fluorine oxyfluoride glass matrix, strong 1.53 µm emission with large measured lifetime (τmeas) are observed. After SrF2 NCs formed, the intensity parameter Ω2 becomes smaller for GC samples, the PL intensity and full width at half maximum increase. Absorption cross section (σa) and emission cross section (σe) at 1.5 µm have been calculated by McCumber theory. The luminescence efficiency (η), effective linewidth (Δλeff), gain bandwidth (σeΔλeff), and figure of merit (σeτm) have been evaluated. The results show excellent optical amplification performance.
Potassium tantalum niobate: Structural insights and biocompatibility for biomedical applications
Authors: Ganesh M. Durga , Pandey Subingya , Manickasamy Mukesh Kumar , Kunnumakkara Ajaikumar B. , Dobbidi Pamu
Published: November 2024

This study explores the biomedical applications of electrically active potassium tantalum niobate (KTN) ceramics (KTa1 − xNbxO3; where x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7), focusing on their dielectric and biological properties for bioelectrets and electroactive scaffolds. Varying Nb concentrations induced a structural shift from cubic to orthorhombic phases, with increased Nb inhibiting grain growth and maintaining stoichiometry. Dielectric analysis across temperatures and frequencies revealed two phase transitions (orthorhombic to tetragonal at 433–453 K and tetragonal to cubic at 653–703 K). Nyquist plots indicated reduced bulk resistance with increasing temperature. The AC conductivity (10−4 S/cm) suggests potential enhancement in bone regeneration scaffolds. Bioactivity assessments showed negative surface charges promoting dense apatite layer formation, while cytocompatibility studies demonstrated robust cell proliferation (>100% by Day 3 for PSVK‐1 and Wi‐38 cell lines). This comprehensive investigation underscores KTN ceramics' promise for biomedical applications in enhancing electrical properties and fostering favorable biological interactions.
Non‐equimolar multi‐principal element monosilicates with excellent corrosion resistance
Authors: Chen Zeyu , Huang Yiling , Peng Fan , Lin Chucheng , Zheng Wei , Song Xuemei , Niu Yaran , Zeng Yi
Published: November 2024

Achieving an excellent corrosion resistance against calcium‐magnesium aluminosilicate (CMAS) molten salt in multi‐principal element monosilicates ((nRExi)2SiO5) presents a critical challenge. Herein, a non‐equimolar rare earth elements (REEs) design approach was proposed, and ten variants of (nRExi)2SiO5 with three to five components were synthesized to investigate their CMAS corrosion resistance. The findings indicate that corrosion resistance is substantially influenced by the ionic radii of REEs, impacting corrosion behaviors from both thermodynamic and kinetic points of view. On the basis of these insights, a methodology for designing non‐equimolar (nRExi)2SiO5 materials with enhanced resistance to CMAS corrosion at temperatures up to 1500°C is proposed.
Dynamics of Natural Mortality Factors of Immature Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Sugarcane Adjacent to Forest Fragments
Authors: de Oliveira Sabrina Juvenal , Cesarin Vinícius , Fernandes Odair Aparecido
Published: November 2024

Pest regulation may be favoured in crop fields adjacent to semi‐natural vegetation such as fragments of the Atlantic Forest in Southeastern Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyse the dynamics of mortality factors for eggs and larvae of Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in sugarcane adjacent to two types of forest fragments (Plateau and Gallery) at two distances from these fragments during two growing seasons. In each area (seven sugarcane plots), two 50 m long transects were established, parallel and spaced at 5 and 100 m from the field edge, and cohorts of the insect at each stage of development were monitored. The collected data were used to construct an ecological life table and determine the main mortality factors. Natural mortality factors that could not be characterised were grouped as unknown. In both seasons and stages of development observed, there was no difference in mortality between the two types of forest fragments (Plateau and Gallery) or between the two distances from the forest. For the egg stage, the mortality factors were classified as inviable due to infertility, predation, parasitism, desiccation and dislodgement. In both seasons, there was a significant difference in the natural mortality factors of D. saccharalis, with predation distinct from the others. Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) were the most frequent predatory agents and occurred at both distances and types of forest fragments. For the larval stage, the mortality factors were classified as predation, parasitism, drowning and unknown, with the unknown group differing from the others. Unknown factors might have included predation, larval movement towards other plants and displacement caused by wind after hatching. Overall, predation is a key mortality component of D. saccharalis suppression. Therefore, agricultural practices focused on the conservation of natural enemies such as predators may provide more sustainable management.
A GIS‐based tool for dynamic assessment of community susceptibility to flash flooding
Authors: Wilkho R. S. , Gharaibeh N. G. , Chang S.
Published: November 2024

Flash floods (FFs) are a leading cause of natural hazard‐related fatalities in the US, posing unique challenges due to their localized impact and rapid onset. Traditional FF susceptibility assessments often fail to account for regional variations. Addressing this, we introduce Dynamic Flash Flood Susceptibility (DFFS), a GIS‐based solution designed for dynamic, region‐specific FF assessment. DFFS operates through four key steps: extracting FF data from the NOAA Storm Events Database for census tracts (CTs) in any region of interest, conducting spatial hotspot analysis to identify areas of high and low FF occurrences, applying causal discovery to identify region‐specific causal factors (from potential factors such as geology, terrain, and meteorology), and using machine learning to calculate susceptibility scores, resulting in a detailed FF susceptibility map. Our case studies in three Texas regions—Dallas‐Fort Worth, Greater Austin, and Greater Houston—revealed distinct causal relationships, with factors like storm duration consistently influential across all regions, while others, such as population density specific to Greater Austin. Furthermore, DFFS demonstrated high accuracy (0.87, 0.86, 0.94) and F1‐scores (0.88, 0.86, 0.96) in computing community susceptibility scores for these regions. We demonstrate DFFS's tangible value in FF risk management and policy‐making, providing a data‐driven and generalizable tool for FF assessment.
Nutrition delivery during hospitalisation after critical illness in Australia and New Zealand: a multicentre, prospective observational study
Authors: Ridley Emma J. , Ainscough Kate , Bailey Michael , Baskett Rebecca , Bone Allison , Campbell Lewis , Capel Eleanor , Chapple Lee‐anne , Cheng Andrew , Deane Adam M. , Doola Ra'eesa , Ferrie Suzie , Fetterplace Kate , Gilder Eileen , Higgins Alisa M. , Hodgson Carol L. , King Victoria , Marshall Andrea P. , Nichol Alistair , Peake Sandra , Ramanan Mahesh , Neto Ary Serpa , Udy Andrew , Williams Patricia , Winderlich Jacinta , Young Paul J. ,   NUTRIENT Study Investigators and ANZICS Clinical Trials Group
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims

Energy and protein provision for critically ill patients who receive oral nutrition often falls below recommended targets. We compared characteristics and nutrition processes during hospital stay (within and post‐intensive care unit [ICU] stay) of those who received oral nutrition as the sole nutrition source to those who first commenced enteral (EN) or parenteral nutrition (PN) within an Australian or New Zealand (ANZ) ICU.

Methods

Multicentre, observational study of routine nutrition care in 44 hospitals across ANZ, including adult patients within ICU admitted for at least 48 h. Those receiving oral nutrition as the sole source of nutrition (with or without oral nutrition supplements) were included in the ‘oral nutrition’ group and those who first received EN and/or PN in the ICU as the ‘EN/PN group’. The primary outcome was median daily energy delivery in ICU. Data are presented as number (%) or median [interquartile range].

Results

Of the 409 patients enroled, median [IQR] age was 64 [51–74] years and 257 patients (62%) were male. APACHE II score, use of invasive ventilation and hospital length of stay (LOS) were all lower in those receiving oral nutrition (n = 200) compared to those receiving EN/PN (n = 209). In ICU, 63 (31.5%) and 169 (81%) (p < 0.001), patients who were receiving oral nutrition and in the EN/PN group received a nutrition assessment, respectively. Oral nutrition supplements were provided for 40 (20%) patients in the oral nutrition group and 31 of 94 (33%) of those receiving oral nutrition in the EN/PN group (p = 0.019). Energy and protein intake in ICU for the oral nutrition group was 716 [597–1069] kcal/day and 37 [19–46] g/day versus 1158 [664–1583] kcal/day and 57 [31–77] g/day for those receiving EN/PN (p = 0.020 energy, p = 0.016 protein). Quantification of oral nutrition was attempted in 78/294 (27%) patients in ICU and completed on 27/78 (36%) occasions. On the ward, attempts were made for 120/273 (44%) patients, with 60/120 (50%) complete.

Conclusion

Patients who received oral nutrition as the sole nutrition source in ICU had lower illness severity, rates of nutrition assessment and provision of oral supplements compared to those who first received EN/PN. Quantification of oral nutrition was often incomplete for all patients in ICU and on the ward.
Exploring the Experiences of Community‐Dwelling Older Adults Participating in Group Interaction Programs: A Qualitative Meta‐Synthesis
Authors: Yeo Yu Ting Tracy , Chow Jin Yin Alicia , Goh Yong Shian
Published: November 2024

Aim

To synthesise evidence from qualitative studies on community‐dwelling older adults' experiences of social interactions in group interaction programmes.

Design

A systematic review and meta‐synthesis based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis guidelines.

Methods

Two independent researchers screened the titles and abstracts of all retrieved studies based on eligibility criteria. Quality appraisal was conducted based on the comprehensive Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist. Data were extracted through an adapted Data Extraction Tool from the Joanna Briggs Institute Qualitative Assessment and Instrument. Findings were synthesised through the JBI meta‐aggregation approach.

Data Sources

A literature search for peer‐reviewed studies was conducted across seven databases from inception to September 2023.

Results

Our review included the experiences of 395 community‐dwelling older adults across 25 studies, yielding the overarching theme of ‘Navigating relationships and facilitating growth in a supportive community’. Five themes were identified: feeling safe in a familiar environment, bringing people together, establishing meaningful relationships, improving personal well‐being and facing socialising challenges.

Conclusion

Our findings provided not just theoretical insights but also practical implications. They can serve as a solid foundation for formulating or enhancing similar programmes, directly addressing the pervasive issues of loneliness and social isolation among the ageing population worldwide.

Implications for Nursing

This review improves our understanding of the social, emotional and personal benefits for older adults upon engaging in group interaction programmes. The insights into the elements of successful group interaction programmes for older adults, include providing a safe and familiar setting and bringing people together for socialisation. Future interventions should incorporate these elements to promote social interactions and community engagement more effectively to mitigate loneliness among older adults. Finally, the diverse range of programmes explored in this review demonstrates that future programmes can be flexibly formulated to suit different interests.

Patient and Public Contribution

The authors have nothing to report.

Protocol Registration

The review protocol has been registered on PROSPERO.
An electronic medical record retrieval system can be used to identify missed diagnosis in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Zhou Wangji , Chen Qiaoling , Wang Yaqi , Guo Anhui , Wu Aohua , Liu Xueqi , Dai Jinrong , Meng Shuzhen , Situ Christopher , Liu Yaping , Xu Kai‐Feng , Zhu Weiguo , Tian Xinlun
Published: November 2024

Background

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare, genetically heterogeneous disease. Due to difficulty accessing diagnostic services and a lack of awareness of the syndrome, clinicians often fail to recognize the classic phenotype, leading to missed diagnoses.

Methods

Relevant medical records were accessed through The BIG DATA QUERY AND ANALYSIS SYSTEM of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from September 1, 2012 to March 31, 2024. The search strategy included the following key terms: (bronchiectasis OR atelectasis OR recurrent cough OR recurrent expectoration OR hemoptysis) AND (sinusitis OR nasal polyps OR otitis media OR neonatal pneumonia OR neonatal respiratory distress OR ectopic pregnancy OR infertility OR artificial insemination OR assisted reproduction OR hydrocephalus OR congenital heart disease OR organ laterality defect OR right‐sided heart OR semen OR consanguineous marriage). Patients were filtered according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and those with clinical suspicion of PCD were invited for screening, which included nasal nitric oxide and whole exome sequencing.

Results

A total of 874 medical records were retrieved. After filtering based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 65 patients with clinical suspicion of PCD were identified, 21 of whom accepted our invitation to complete PCD‐related screening. Among them, four were diagnosed with PCD, one was diagnosed with cystic fibrosis, and one was diagnosed with immunodeficiency‐21.

Conclusions

This is the first study to use an electronic medical record retrieval system to identify missed diagnoses PCD. We believe that the methods used in this study can be extended to other rare diseases in the future.
Measures of Subclinical Psychopathy and Everyday Sadism are Still Redundant: A Conceptual Replication and Extension of Blötner and Mokros (2023)
Authors: Blötner Christian , Spormann Sandy S. , Hofmann Miriam J. , Mokros Andreas
Published: November 2024

Objective

Various psychological concepts with different names reflect essentially the same content. A recent study (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2023.112102) found short scales of subclinical psychopathy and everyday sadism to be affected by this so‐called jangle fallacy: Latent factors of psychopathy and everyday sadism were almost perfectly correlated, the nomological networks of psychopathy and sadism measures were almost identical, and in some cases, core criteria of psychopathy were more strongly related to sadism and vice versa.

Method

The present research (Ns = 1076 and 507; self‐report) is an extended replication of the aforementioned study utilizing long scales instead of short scales for both constructs and corresponding criteria that were more pertinent to their potential distinction.

Results

As in the original study, the latent psychopathy and sadism factors were almost perfectly correlated. The nomological networks of the psychopathy and sadism scales were almost identical, with numerous focal correlates of psychopathy being equally or even more strongly related to sadism and vice versa.

Conclusion

These findings corroborate the earlier findings of the jangle fallacy of subclinical psychopathy and everyday sadism, calling into question the existence of everyday sadism as a unique construct.
Peirce's Universal Categories and Critical Realist Ontology
Authors: Nellhaus Tobin
Published: November 2024

Much of Charles S. Peirce's philosophy hinges on his “universal categories” of Firstness (qualities, potentialities), Secondness (action, otherness) and Thirdness (relationship, rule‐boundedness). Despite their abstractness, the categories have concrete applications and shed light on several critical realist theories, such as its ontological domains, its social ontology and its more nascent semiotics. Using Peirce's categories this way requires building on his effectively non‐deterministic materialist arguments and extricating his ontology from his better‐known phenomenology. Peirce's universal categories, which are stratified and emergent, unearth a systematic pattern unifying critical realist ontologies and address certain problems elsewhere in critical realist philosophy. Most significantly, Peirce's semiotics provides critical realism with the mechanism connecting epistemology to ontology and grounds a case for reconceptualizing critical realism's empirical domain as the semiosic domain.
The Tīvaevae Framework: Indigenising the Process of Novel Writing
Authors: Kokaua‐Balfour Stacey
Published: November 2024

While there is a large amount of literary research and prose produced about the Pacific, only a small amount of work considers Indigenous interpretation and production of literature within the region. This essay explores the potential of Indigenous concepts in literary analysis and creative writing practice from a Māori perspective, Māori being the name of the Indigenous people of Rarotonga in the Cook Islands, located near the centre of the Pacific Ocean. By applying the Tīvaevae framework, a Cook Islands research method most often used to inform research in education, social sciences and quantitative research, creative writing becomes a collaborative process that mimics the crafting of tīvaevae quilts. The article also discusses how the archetype of the calabash breaker, based on the Tusitala Marsh poem, was engaged during this process. It concludes with a discussion on what it means to be a Māori writer in an academic environment that calls for ‘Pacific scholars’.
Re‐Weaving Te‐Moana‐nui‐a‐Kiwa: Wāhine Māori Bodies in Short Fiction
Authors: Salsano Marama
Published: November 2024

So much critical work about English language fiction by Indigenous writers from Te Moana‐nui‐a‐Kiwa is Eurocentric. Although Papua New Guinean writer‐scholar Steven Winduo argued 2 decades ago for the need to unwrite Eurocentric views of an ‘imagined Oceania’ and Māori writer Keri Hulme wrote disparagingly of Anglocentric ‘gods of Literature’, Samoan fantasy writer Lani Wendt Young has more recently described traditional publishing houses as ‘white castles of literature’. Indigenous peoples across Kiwa's great ocean do not need the empire's eyes. Māori do not need the empire's eyes; we have seen ourselves in our narratives since our primordial parents, Ranginui and Papatūānuku, were separated. Yet too often, Indigenous wāhine bodies in fiction are read as stereotyped features of indigeneity or are simply ignored. As a single connecting node to the wider literary networks of Te Moana‐nui‐a‐Kiwa, this paper recentres oft‐overlooked Indigenous rhythms and offers a wahine Māori reading of wāhine Māori lives in stories written by wāhine Māori. Specifically, this essay recentres wāhine Māori lives by weaving together extracts of the poem, ‘this tauiwi house’, with contemplations of wāhine bodies in two short stories written by wāhine Māori: ‘Flower Girls’ by Patricia Grace and ‘Birth Rights’ by J. C. Hart. Ultimately, careful readings of wāhine bodies offer rich insights into the wider tapestry of Indigenous lives and the societies we inhabit across Te Moana‐nui‐a‐Kiwa.