bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring differences and relationships between online formative and summative assessments in Mississippi career and technical education
Authors: Alexander Ben , Owen Sean , Thames Cliff B.
Published: October 2020

Purpose

This study, a post hoc observational one, attempted to determine if career and technical education (CTE) students in the state of Mississippi would academically benefit from taking multiple formative assessments in an online format prior to completing their summative exams. Most CTE students in the state of Mississippi are required to take an end-of-course exam cataloged as the Mississippi Career and Planning Assessment System (MS-CPAS). Previously, MS-CPAS test score results did not impact school-wide accountability scores, but in recent years, some of the guidelines were changed so that these summative test scores now play a vital role in school accountability and rankings.

Design/methodology/approach

This study examines both formative and summative online exam scores for more than 13,000 students who have taken an MS-CPAS assessment in the 2018 and 2019 school years.

Findings

The results of this study revealed that there were significant differences in summative exam scores for students who took two online formative practice tests when compared to groups of students who did not take any formative practice tests. This study also illustrated a positive correlation between those students' final online practice test scores and their summative exam scores.

Originality/value

These results would prove very beneficial to both CTE teachers and directors in helping them understand the benefits of introducing formative practice tests into their programs to boost student understanding.
Blockchain-driven supply chain decentralized operations – information sharing perspective
Authors: Xue Xiaofang , Dou Junpeng , Shang Yao
Published: October 2020

Purpose

Information sharing helps improve the efficiency of the supply chain. However, there are some problems in the multi-stage structure supply chain, such as untimely information feedback and distortion. Despite recent progress in ensuring improved collaboration in the past decade or so, the inefficiency status continues to persist. It is also difficult to add value to the supply chain. The information sharing framework and decentralized model designed in this paper are to deal with existing problems.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is based on the theoretical research of supply chain information asymmetry and synergetics. We attempt to introduce blockchain technology into supply chain operation management, reconstruct information sharing architecture and provide a new decentralized mode to promote the collaborative operation of all nodes. The information sharing and decentralization operational model are built, which has changed the hierarchical relationship between upstream and downstream enterprises, regarding customers as the center of the whole system and effectively reducing the bullwhip effect. Finally, we selected the home supply chain as an example design and performed system dynamics simulation on the blockchain-based operation process.

Findings

The model of setting up the scene application mode based on blockchain is helpful to realize the goal of supply chain management to reduce cost, improve quality and enhance the overall efficiency of the system.

Originality/value

Based on the blockchain technology, this paper constructed a new supply chain operation mode and used the synergetic theory and the concept of the product–service system to explain the process of value increment in detail.
Inference for variance risk premium
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Chen Song Xi , Lu Lei
Published: October 2020

Purpose

With the presence of pricing errors, the authors consider statistical inference on the variance risk premium (VRP) and the associated implied variance, constructed from the option prices and the historic returns.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors propose a nonparametric kernel smoothing approach that removes the adverse effects of pricing errors and leads to consistent estimation for both the implied variance and the VRP. The asymptotic distributions of the proposed VRP estimator are developed under three asymptotic regimes regarding the relative sample sizes between the option data and historic return data.

Findings

This study reveals that existing methods for estimating the implied variance are adversely affected by pricing errors in the option prices, which causes the estimators for VRP statistically inconsistent. By analyzing the S&P 500 option and return data, it demonstrates that, compared with other implied variance and VRP estimators, the proposed implied variance and VRP estimators are more significant variables in explaining variations in the excess S&P 500 returns, and the proposed VRP estimates have the smallest out-of-sample forecasting root mean squared error.

Research limitations/implications

This study contributes to the estimation of the implied variance and the VRP and helps in the predictions of future realized variance and equity premium.

Originality/value

This study is the first to propose consistent estimations for the implied variance and the VRP with the presence of option pricing errors.
Franchising microbusinesses: coupling identity undoing and boundary objects
Authors: Mills Colleen E. , Jeremiah Faith
Published: October 2020

Purpose

This study presents an original empirically based conceptual framework representing mobile microbusiness founders' experiences when converting to a franchise business model that links individual-level variables to a sociomaterial process.

Design/methodology/approach

An exploratory interpretive research design produced this framework using data from the enterprise development narratives of mobile franchisors who had recently converted their mobile microbusinesses to a franchise business model.

Findings

The emergent framework proposes that franchisor’s conversion experience involves substantial identity work prompted by an identity dilemma originating in a conflict between role expectations and franchising operational demands. This dilemma materializes during franchise document creation and requires some degree of “identity undoing” to ensure business continuity. By acting as boundary-objects-in-use in the conversion process, the franchise documents provide a sociomaterial foundation for the business transition and the development of a viable franchisor identity.

Research limitations/implications

There is scant literature addressing the startup experiences of mobile microbusiness franchisors. The study was therefore exploratory, producing a substantive conceptual framework that will require further confirmatory studies.

Practical implications

By proposing that conversion to a franchise business model is experienced as an identity transformation coupled to a sociomaterial process centred on system documentation, this original empirically based conceptual framework not only addresses a gap in the individual-level literature on franchise development but also provides a framework to direct new research and discussions between intending franchisors and their professional advisors about person–enterprise fit.

Originality/value

The conceptual framework is the first to address franchisors' experience of transitioning any type of microbusiness to a franchise business model.
The missing link in the promotion of customer engagement: the roles of brand fan page attractiveness and agility
Authors: Chuah Stephanie Hui-Wen , Aw Eugene Cheng-Xi , Tseng Ming-Lang
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is threefold, which is as follows: investigate the mediating effect of brand fan page attractiveness on the relationship between user gratifications and customer engagement with brand fan pages, determine whether fan page agility moderates this effect and examine the influence of fan page engagement on customers' share of wallet and resistance to negative brand information.

Design/methodology/approach

By using an online questionnaire, 614 valid responses were obtained from the followers of multiple Facebook brand fan pages. Partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyse the data.

Findings

The results indicate that fan page attractiveness mediates the relationship between user gratifications and fan page engagement. However, this relationship is moderated by fan page agility. Fan page engagement increases customers' share of wallet and resistance to negative brand information. This finding suggests that creating fan page content and interactions that are attractive to customers is not sufficient for promoting engagement; brand fan pages must also be agile to customers' changing needs and competitors' moves.

Originality/value

By proposing and testing a novel moderated mediation effect, this study enriches the uses and gratifications theory (UGT) and provides new insights into the underlying mechanisms and boundary factors driving fan page engagement. In addition, this study contributes to the customer engagement literature by introducing share of wallet and resistance to negative brand information as outcome variables.
Analyzing repurchase behavior and benchmarking brands: implications for salespersons in a personal selling context
Authors: Mohanty Pradeep Kumar , Patro Archana
Published: October 2020

Purpose

This work reports on a study to measure tractor owners' (mostly farmers') repurchase behavior (RPB). While earlier studies have focused on the technical aspects of the tractors, none as yet have considered farmer intention and behavior for predicting purchase decision. A conceptual model was built considering all possible antecedents of farmers' RPB based on in-depth interviews and discussions with marketing managers. Interviews with customers were used to understand these antecedents or interactions with salespersons, either directly or indirectly during conversations or visits to stores. The authors have attempted to develop a scale on farmers' consumption experience from the perspective of farmers.

Design/methodology/approach

The model was validated using Smart-PLS, and the best tractor brand was identified using data envelopment analysis (DEA). At the village level, snowball sampling was adopted to identify potential tractor owners who had repurchased the same brand or a higher model as respondents.

Findings

Findings reveal that all the paths were found to be significant. Farmers' consumption experience (FE) seems to be the biggest predictor of RPB, followed by image, satisfaction and trust. The newly introduced construct FE has a significant effect on farmers' RPB. DEA results further indicate that most tractor companies function with 100% efficiency.

Research limitations/implications

The study was carried out in India; it can be extended to other countries. Also, the sample was collected from one state in India and is cross-sectional in nature, so it cannot be generalized.

Originality/value

First, the authors developed a conceptual model considering all possible antecedents of RPB. No studies had yet developed a scale on FE. Second, the authors created a benchmark for the various preferred tractor brands from the farmers' perspective using DEA.
Online communities and their contribution to local heritage knowledge
Authors: Ginzarly Manal , Teller Jacques
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore the potential of social media as a framework for people-centered heritage. With a focus on the interpretation and display of heritage by online communities, this paper aims at providing insights into the social production of heritage – the social co-construction of meanings of everyday landscape and the making of the collective and local identity.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper proposes a methodological roadmap for the digital ethnography of everyday heritage. It reveals (1) the fundamental principles according to which people make value judgments and associate meanings to the urban landscape, and (2) the role of online communities in conveying collective identity and heritage values within the community realm. As a case study area for the implementation of the proposed method, three Facebook community group pages for Tripoli, Lebanon were chosen. The posts and comments were translated into English and uploaded to NVivo 12 plus and a deductive thematic approach to qualitative data analysis was applied. The data was coded into three main nodes: the actors, the tangible assets and the value registers.

Findings

Results show that Facebook users are concerned with environmental equality, common interests, utility, right to the city and representativeness, while the beautification of heritage is often perceived as a threat to these values.

Originality/value

This investigation goes beyond heritage attributes (what) and values (why) to examine how values are assigned by local communities. It provides a comprehensive understanding of value judgment and the rationale and arguments used to justify positions and mobilize online community members in order to contribute to the digital co-construction of everyday heritage.
An overall assessment of sports tourism articles
Authors: Mesci Muammer , Pekerşen Yeliz , Mesci Zeynep
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study aims to examine sports tourism through a conceptual lens. The study offers a deep assessment of the general structure and purpose of sports tourism. Thus, the authors aim to determine the contributions of scientific studies in the field of sports tourism to sports tourism literature.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative research design was created and data collected using document analysis. The research articles were categorized and analyzed according to their objectives, journals of publication, keywords, application areas, research methods used, data collection techniques and findings

Findings

It was been determined that the research articles in the field of sports tourism contributed significantly to the sports tourism literature and to the cumulative progress of the field.

Research limitations/implications

The implications of this study is that only publications in the field of sports tourism (in the tourism category) indexed in the Web of Science between 2014 and 2018 were examined.

Practical implications

Studies to be carried out in the field of sports tourism should be seen as continuations, rather than repetitions, of one another. Thus, more information about the field of sports tourism is needed to better articulate the structure of the field for the benefit of future researchers.

Social implications

There is a need for studies to contribute to the development of sports tourism in the literature. This study aims to take a step in this direction. With the increase of activities to be carried out in both the field and practice of sports tourism, a better relationship will be established between sports, local people and relevant stakeholders.

Originality/value

More theoretical studies in this field (Gibson, 1998a; Soedjatmiko, 2015) suggest that the field of sports tourism can be further developed. In light of this call, the present study will provide an overview of sports tourism research as a whole, thus contributing to future research by its own merits. It will guide the authors to determine how activities in the field of sports tourism have grown and how they are progressing
Can financial literacy overconfidence be predicted by narcissistic tendencies?
Authors: Hamurcu Cagri , Hamurcu Hayriye Dilek
Published: October 2020

Purpose

In this study, it is investigated whether narcissistic tendencies can predict financial literacy overconfidence.

Design/methodology/approach

Financial literacy overconfidence is analyzed under these three subcategories: overestimation, overplacement and overprecision, according to individual's self-perception of his/her own financial literacy. In order to evaluate narcissistic tendencies, the Turkish version of the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Axis II (SCID II) Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) is used. To measure the financial literacy overestimation, overplacement and overprecision biases, a multistaged measurement process designed specially on basic and advanced financial literacy is implemented.

Findings

The current study provides strong evidence that narcissistic tendencies are predictors of financial literacy overestimation, overplacement and overprecision biases. These tendencies in men are greater than in women. Evaluated risk factors of being exposed to these biases among people who have narcissistic tendencies are found to be greater than among people who do not have those tendencies. Due to a particular exposure of narcissistic tendencies, the probability of financial literacy overprecision bias has the highest rate among the others, and it is followed by overestimation and overplacement bias.

Originality/value

This is the first study that measures overconfidence under three subcategories of overestimation, overplacement and overprecision, according to financial literacy. For this reason, it is believed that these results provide valuable evidence in favor of the relation between overconfidence in finance and narcissistic tendencies.
Work–family interface of women entrepreneurs: evidence from India
Authors: Sehgal Aakanksha , Khandelwal Preetam
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The present study aims to examine work–family interface and explore its relationship with some key psycho-social variables amongst women entrepreneurs in the urban Indian context.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper has adopted a quantitative design, whereby data collected using a questionnaire from 164 women entrepreneurs was analysed using hierarchical regression.

Findings

Findings indicate that core self-evaluations, role involvement and social support worked in tandem towards diminishing conflict and driving enrichment. The role of family support and family involvement in enabling family-to-work enrichment suggests that work–family synergies could work to the unique advantage of women entrepreneurs. Work involvement was also seen to be related positively with work-to-family enrichment and negatively with family-to-work conflict.

Research limitations/implications

The linkages between key psycho-social factors and work–family interface need to be studied on larger and varied samples, using alternative scales, for greater generalizability of results. Longitudinal research could also bring out valuable insights related to the effect of life cycle stages and other family characteristics on work–family interface.

Practical implications

Work–family interface should be regarded as a fundamental business imperative with crucial implications for the venture. Self-development training and counselling in Entrepreneurship Development Programmes for women can shield them from conflict and its negative consequences while incorporating key behaviours to foster enrichment instead.

Originality/value

The present study is the first empirical research to examine work–family enrichment and its relationship with core self-evaluations, role involvement and social support for women entrepreneurs in the Indian context.
The impact of cultural factors on shareholder governance and environmental sustainability: an international context
Authors: Ben Mahjoub Lassaad , Amara Ines
Published: October 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the effect of the shareholder governance on environmental sustainability by the moderating effect of some cultural factors.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors have studied the extent of sustainability by continent. On the other hand, the authors have conducted three empirical models that deal with the effect of shareholder governance on environmental sustainability and also with the moderating effect of cultural factors.

Findings

Using a sample of 140 countries during the year 2018, the authors find a notable and positive effect of the shareholder governance on environmental sustainability. Regarding the role of cultural factors, the authors found that the factor gender parity is more important than other factors.

Practical implications

The findings have policy implications for governments aiming to combat environmental sustainability and shareholder governance.

Originality/value

This research has approached cultural factors in a different context, which is an eastern country, which are completely different from those of western countries. On the other hand, the subject of sustainability is not sufficiently threated in this country (Saudi Arabia).
Mass‐migrating bumblebees: An overlooked phenomenon with potential far‐reaching implications for bumblebee conservation
Authors: Fijen Thijs P. M.
Published: October 2020

Bumblebees are one of the most commonly studied pollinators, but they are declining in large parts of their distribution. Whether bumblebees can cope with anthropogenic disturbances such as climate change and habitat loss depends largely on their dispersal capacity. While bumblebee queen dispersal is estimated to be only a few kilometres, bird migration sites have documented mass‐migration events with peak migration of 70 bumblebee queens per minute, indicating that bumblebees can migrate over larger distances than previously thought.

The open‐access database trektellen.org contains 10 daily counts of >1,000 migrating queens past single points in the Netherlands, and one in the United Kingdom (total bumblebee records 65,430; range 1–11,142 individuals), mostly in early spring. Such mass‐migration events are poorly documented in the scientific literature, and usually when describing migrations of other insects such as syrphids and social wasps.

Most common European bumblebee species were documented to migrate. Bumblebees were observed flying at sea, coming from sea and flying towards the sea, showing that they can cross large water bodies. The wind direction might have helped to concentrate migration at landscape bottlenecks. On 1 day, bumblebee mass‐migration was documented on two sites located 200 km apart. Together with the concentrated and directional flight this suggests that they can migrate for several hundreds of kilometres.

Because most mass‐migration events occur in spring, large‐scale shortage in suitable nesting sites may be the trigger for mass‐migration (e.g. due to high queen survival or low vole numbers). Future studies should test whether this is the case, or whether bumblebees show annual seasonal migration.

Synthesis and applications. Much remains unclear about bumblebee migration, but it may have large consequences for the conservation of bumblebees and the ecosystem services they provide. For example, bumblebees in highly disturbed areas like agricultural landscapes may be continuously supplemented by queens from far‐away productive natural areas. This suggests that large‐scale conservation initiatives are required to maintain viable populations of common and endangered species. Structured observations and modern‐day technology, like isotope analyses or radar monitoring, may shed light on the drivers and consequences of the overlooked phenomenon of bumblebee migration.
Decisions and Structures: A Dialogue between Herbert Simon and Critical Realists
Authors: Koumakhov Rouslan , Daoud Adel
Published: October 2020

This paper compares critical realist (CR) approaches and their applications to management with Herbert Simon's account of individual and organizational cognition to provide an integrated framework for analysing the interaction between human beings and social structures. We establish several important conceptual and methodological affinities between both approaches, such as understanding decision and bounded rationality or emergentist accounts of organizations. Such affinities provide a coherent explanation of psychological mechanisms accounting for agency–structure interplay. With such an explanation, Simon's cognitivism leads to a deeper understanding of Margaret Archer's morphogenetic cycles and reflexivity, and affords fresh insight into David Elder‐Vass's mechanisms of organizational role‐playing. Simon's type of cognitivism is a social cognitivism as well, which addresses and incorporates other social sciences. It allows for a Simon‐CR analytical synthesis, which contributes to the individualism/structuralism debate in social and management research. We propose new arguments for separating structures from agency in organization studies. We elaborate key analytical implications of our synthesis, characterizing, in particular, deviant organizational culture and work division in both morphogenetic and Simonian terms.
Sustainable Development Tool Using Meta‐Analysis and DPSIR Framework — Application to Savannah River Basin, U.S.
Authors: Pagan Janeesa , Pryor Mikela , Deepa R. , Grace J.M. , Mbuya Odemari , Taylor Robert , Dickson Johnbull O. , Ibeanusi Victor , Chauhan Ashvini , Chen Gang , Anandhi Aavudai
Published: October 2020

The Savannah River Basin (SRB), a highly stressed southeastern river in United States is a conservation priority for State, Federal government, and nongovernment organizations. A four‐stage sustainable development tool was developed in this study using meta‐analysis and the drivers–pressures–state–impacts–responses (DPSIR) framework. Through the synthesis of ~150 references in the SRB this study addressed three research questions: (1) What were the drivers, pressures, state, impacts, and responses (components of DRSIR framework) in SRB (2) Can these components be grouped together from various studies in SRB (3) Can causal chain/loops be developed, and will they be useful for policy and decision making? First in the Stage 1, the state of the SRB was represented (S component of DPSIR), in Stage 2, the drivers–pressures–impacts–responses (DPIR components of DPSIR) were represented, in the third stage (Stage 3) the common units characterizing each DPSIR component were identified. Finally, in Stage 4, the causal chains/loops were developed and organized into scientific research at a level appropriate for building better understanding about SRB and helping stakeholders and policy makers in managing basin sustainability challenges. Although the tool was applied to SRB, the methodology is applicable to other river basins and ecosystems.
Reference genome and demographic history of the most endangered marine mammal, the vaquita
Authors: Morin Phillip A. , Archer Frederick I. , Avila Catherine D. , Balacco Jennifer R. , Bukhman Yury V. , Chow William , Fedrigo Olivier , Formenti Giulio , Fronczek Julie A. , Fungtammasan Arkarachai , Gulland Frances M. D. , Haase Bettina , Peter Heide‐Jorgensen Mads , Houck Marlys L. , Howe Kerstin , Misuraca Ann C. , Mountcastle Jacquelyn , Musser Whitney , Paez Sadye , Pelan Sarah , Phillippy Adam , Rhie Arang , Robinson Jacqueline , Rojas‐Bracho Lorenzo , Rowles Teri K. , Ryder Oliver A. , Smith Cynthia R. , Stevenson Sacha , Taylor Barbara L. , Teilmann Jonas , Torrance James , Wells Randall S. , Westgate Andrew J. , Jarvis Erich D.
Published: October 2020

The vaquita is the most critically endangered marine mammal, with fewer than 19 remaining in the wild. First described in 1958, the vaquita has been in rapid decline for more than 20 years resulting from inadvertent deaths due to the increasing use of large‐mesh gillnets. To understand the evolutionary and demographic history of the vaquita, we used combined long‐read sequencing and long‐range scaffolding methods with long‐ and short‐read RNA sequencing to generate a near error‐free annotated reference genome assembly from cell lines derived from a female individual. The genome assembly consists of 99.92% of the assembled sequence contained in 21 nearly gapless chromosome‐length autosome scaffolds and the X‐chromosome scaffold, with a scaffold N50 of 115 Mb. Genome‐wide heterozygosity is the lowest (0.01%) of any mammalian species analysed to date, but heterozygosity is evenly distributed across the chromosomes, consistent with long‐term small population size at genetic equilibrium, rather than low diversity resulting from a recent population bottleneck or inbreeding. Historical demography of the vaquita indicates long‐term population stability at less than 5,000 (Ne) for over 200,000 years. Together, these analyses indicate that the vaquita genome has had ample opportunity to purge highly deleterious alleles and potentially maintain diversity necessary for population health.
Peri‐operative COVID‐19 infection in urgent elective surgery during a pandemic surge period: a retrospective observational cohort study
Authors: Kane A. D. , Paterson J. , Pokhrel S. , Berry S. K. , Monkhouse D. , Brand J. W. , Ingram M. , Danjoux G. R.
Published: October 2020

Maintaining safe elective surgical activity during the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is challenging and it is not clear how COVID‐19 may impact peri‐operative morbidity and mortality in this population. Therefore, adaptations to normal care pathways are required. Here, we establish if implementation of a bespoke peri‐operative care bundle for urgent elective surgery during a pandemic surge period can deliver a low COVID‐19‐associated complication profile. We present a single‐centre retrospective cohort study from a tertiary care hospital of patients planned for urgent elective surgery during the initial COVID‐19 surge in the UK between 29 March and 12 June 2020. Patients asymptomatic for COVID‐19 were screened by oronasal swab and chest imaging (chest X‐ray or computed tomography if aged ≥ 18 years), proceeding to surgery if negative. COVID‐19 positive patients at screening were delayed. Postoperatively, patients transitioning to COVID‐19 positive status by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing were identified by an in‐house tracking system and monitored for complications and death within 30 days of surgery. Out of 557 patients referred for surgery (230 (41.3%) women; median (IQR [range]) age 61 (48–72 [1–89])), 535 patients (96%) had COVID‐19 screening, of which 13 were positive (2.4%, 95%CI 1.4–4.1%). Out of 512 patients subsequently undergoing surgery, 7 (1.4%) developed COVID‐19 positive status (1.4%, 95%CI 0.7–2.8%) with one COVID‐19‐related death (0.2%, 95%CI 0.0–1.1%) within 30 days. Out of these seven patients, four developed pneumonia, of which two required invasive ventilation including one patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Low rates of COVID‐19 infection and mortality in the elective surgical population can be achieved within a targeted care bundle. This should provide reassurance that elective surgery can continue, where possible, despite high community rates of COVID‐19.
Examining the competency of Filipino mental health professionals in psychodynamic psychotherapy
Authors: Jimenez Alma L. , Della Constantine D. , Arcenas Angeline Monica A. , Yu Chua Constantine L. , Legaspi Rafael Henry E.
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Psychodynamic psychiatry forms the fundamental theoretical frame of reference for psychodynamic psychotherapy and related therapies using psychodynamic concepts. Over time, it faced questions about its empiricism, evidence base, cost‐effectiveness, and fitness to the medical role. Although recent studies have reaffirmed its effectivity in mainstream medicine, its clinical practice in the local setting raises questions about the Filipino psychiatrists' systematic understanding and orientation to it, and signals a call for action.

Methodology

Attendees in the UP Philippine General Hospital ‐ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine (UP PGH‐DPBM), 13th Post‐Graduate Course on Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, participated in an informal survey to generate hypotheses on the knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes of Filipino mental health professionals regarding psychodynamic psychotherapy. One hundred eighty‐two (182) respondents answered the survey and results were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results and Discussion

Among the respondents, about 30% practiced psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in equal parts, 15% practiced mostly psychodynamic psychotherapy and 15% practiced mostly CBT, while the rest were either unsure or practiced other forms of psychotherapy. Most agreed that psychodynamic psychotherapy required scientific rigor and remained applicable, but were divided on treatment frame and boundary setting, approach selection, and specific concepts and techniques. In terms of perceptions and attitudes toward psychodynamic psychotherapy, most respondents displayed positive attitudes and interest in the intervention, but did not highly regard their own competence. These findings steer psychodynamic psychotherapy research toward the systematic review of the competence of trainees and practitioners, the standardization of its education and training, and its applicability in a cultural context of limited resources.
Reproductive biology ofGymnodactylus darwinii(Gray, 1845) (Squamata: Phyllodactylidae) from southeastern Brazil
Authors: Guedes Jhonny J. M. , Fantuzzi Déborah , de Assis Clodoaldo L. , Feio Renato N.
Published: October 2020

We present information on the reproduction ofGymnodactylus darwiniibased on macroscopic analysis of its gonads. We found no sexual dimorphism in body size (SVL) between adult males and females, but males had, on average, wider heads and longer forearms. Both sexes had very similar sizes at sexual maturity and maximum body sizes, suggesting male–male competition for resources does not occur, and/or there are no sexual differences in survival rates. The smallest specimen had 24 mm SVL, and juvenile/immature specimens of similar or slightly bigger sizes were collected throughout the year suggesting a continuous turnover of individuals in the population. Adult males showed a continuous reproductive cycle, contrasting with a seasonal cycle of females, where maximum gonadal volume was observed from September to December. This is not uncommon and may be related to differential response to local environmental conditions, or because distinct investment in reproduction. Females have a small and fixed clutch size (two eggs per clutch), a pattern also observed in its congenerG. amaraliand in many geckonids, which is likely due to phylogenetic inertia. To compensate for a fixed clutch size, females may be able to lay more than one clutch per reproductive season.
Lifelong learning and the Internet: Who benefits most from learning online?
Authors: Eynon Rebecca , Malmberg Lars‐Erik
Published: October 2020

This paper uses nationally representative survey data of adults Internet use in Britain to examine current patterns in the uptake of lifelong learning via the Internet. We develop and test a model that accounts for structure, agency and outcomes using structural equation modelling to address two questions: (1) how structure (as measured by age, gender, SES, Education and ACORN) is related to personal and capital enhancing outcomes of learning online; and (2) how agency (as measured by digital skills and engagement with online learning) mediates this relationship. We demonstrate that social structure remains an important factor in understanding patterns of uptake and outcomes of online learning, alongside an individual’s agentic behaviours. We suggest that countries such as the UK, which have become overly focused on individual interventions to increase the uptake of lifelong learning via the Internet, are going in the wrong direction. Such interventions have failed in the past, and we suggest that they will continue to do so unless policy makers reconceptualise lifelong learning and the Internet in ways that take social structures into account.
Cerebral MRI findings predict the risk of cognitive impairment in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Alwan Ferras , Mahdi Dina , Tayabali Sarrah , Cipolotti Lisa , Lakey Grace , Hyare Harpreet , Scully Marie
Published: October 2020

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare thrombomicroangiopathy caused by deficiency of ADAMTS13. Acute neurological involvement is well described, but its long‐term impact requires evaluation. One‐hundred thirty‐one patients, following an acute TTP event, with severe headache or neurological symptoms had a cerebral MRI. Fifty‐six percent had abnormal imaging, more commonly in patients with neurological symptoms than headaches only (80% vs. 18%, P < 0·0001). In remission, 27% (n = 35) reported persistent cognitive symptoms: specifically, impaired memory (66%), difficulty concentrating (26%), and word‐finding difficulties not secondary to an acute stroke (26%). Sixty‐five percent also reported depression and 55% reported anxiety, regardless of presenting neurology. The frontal lobe was disproportionally affected in patients with marked intellectual impairment, seen in 67% of patients compared to 19% of patients without intellectual impairment (P = 0·002). The primary MRI finding in these patients was hyperintense white matter lesions. An abnormal MRI was associated with a lower median verbal IQ (85 vs. 99, P = 0·02) and performance IQ (83 vs. 100, P = 0·02). In conclusion, neurological symptoms are frequently associated with an abnormal cerebral MRI scan, and white matter frontal lobe lesions are particularly significant, leading to marked intellectual impairment. Anxiety and depression were evident in over half of patients, regardless of neurological involvement at presentation.
Mammary botryomycosis and hemimastectomy in a post‐partum Welsh Pony mare
Authors: Ciccarelli M. , Tibary A. , Ragle C.
Published: October 2020

Botryomycosis is a chronic pyogranulomatous disease characterised by the formation of multiple abscesses containing bacteria surrounded by eosinophilic material which protect them from antibiotics and phagocytosis. Mammary gland botryomycosis is a rare but aggressive disorder that can jeopardise the ability of a mare to nurture a foal. Our report describes a case of unilateral botryomycosis mastitis in a Welsh Pony mare, treated by hemimastectomy. The mare was able to successfully carry and nurse foals post‐surgery.
Habitat use and movements of a large dragonfly (Odonata: Anax imperator) in a pond network
Authors: Minot Marceau , Besnard Aurélien , Husté Aurélie
Published: October 2020

Local movements of aquatic insects within the surroundings of waterbodies aim essentially to find food, mates, resting sites, or avoid predation. Distances moved are very variable among species and may also differ depending on sex or age at the intraspecific scale. Despite a large panel of studies on odonate activities near waterbodies, little is known about their movements and behaviour in the surrounding landscape matrix. This knowledge is, however, crucial to support management schemes of pond networks and allow improvement of connectivity between them.

In this study, 87 individuals of the large dragonfly Anax imperator were identified with a unique code on the wings and monitored visually on five ponds during summers 2017 and 2018. Simultaneously, 54 individuals were equipped with radio transmitters and tracked for up to 15 days.

We built Cormack Jolly Seber models to test which factors are important for movement and survival of individuals, and calculated home ranges. Additionally, we performed a step selection analysis on the telemetry data to identify the terrestrial habitats selected by A. imperator at the interface between a rural area and a suburban area in north‐western France.

A reduction of the survival rate was observed on the day immediately following capture regardless of the marking method. Individuals equipped with radio transmitters had a lower estimated daily survival (0.78; 95% confidence interval = 0.70–0.85) compared to wing‐marked individuals (0.89; 95% confidence interval = 0.85–0.92). Wing loading and age were the main variables influencing dragonfly survival for both methods.

The probability of movement between ponds was similar for both sexes, but radio‐tracking data showed that females moved significantly further away in the landscape matrix than males, with one female detected up to 1,902 m away from the release pond. Females also had a larger home range (mean 95% kernel: 50 ha) than males (mean 95% kernel: 5 ha). Reproductive behaviour of males and flying behaviour of females were positively related to air temperature. Individuals of both sexes were present on ponds more often than in all other habitats whatever their activity. High trees were the preferred place to rest when air temperatures were low, especially for females.

Overall, this study highlights the importance of integrating neighbouring trees in management schemes of ponds. It also confirms that preservation of pond networks must include on several hectares of land around ponds to meet the aquatic and terrestrial needs of amphibious organisms such as odonates. Our radio‐tracking data provide a basis for further studies on the persistence of odonate meta‐populations in fragmented landscapes.
On the inter‐ and intra‐annual variability of ecosystem evapotranspiration and water use efficiency of an oak savanna and annual grassland subjected to booms and busts in rainfall
Authors: Baldocchi Dennis , Ma Siyan , Verfaillie Joe
Published: October 2020

Whether annual evapotranspiration of native ecosystems is increasing or decreasing with time as CO2 concentrations are rising, the climate is warming and rainfall experiences booms and busts, remains an unanswered question in the field of global change biology. To answer this question, we measured evapotranspiration and carbon dioxide exchange over and under an oak savanna and over an annual grassland in the Mediterranean climate of California, USA, from 2001 through 2019 with the eddy covariance method; during this 19‐year period, CO2 rose 40 ppm, air temperature increased by 1°C and annual rainfall ranged between 133 and 890 mm/year. No temporal trend in evapotranspiration or water use efficiency was observed over this time duration. Many competing positive and negative feedbacks among stomatal sensitivity to carbon dioxide concentrations, soil moisture, and vapor pressure deficit, the impact of temperature on saturation vapor pressure and access to groundwater muted the response of evapotranspiration to its changing world when integrated to the ecosystem scale and annual time steps. At the intra‐annual time scale, we found that plants transmit information on soil moisture status through their influence on the vapor pressure deficit of the atmospheric boundary layer. The inter‐annual variations in evaporative water use by the savanna and annual grassland were relatively decoupled from the booms and busts in rainfall. Instead, variations in length of growing season and access to groundwater explained much of this year‐to‐year variation in annual evapotranspiration. The access of groundwater by the oak savanna may make these ecosystems more robust in a warmer world, than was previously thought. This is a scale emergent property that needs better consideration in coupled climate‐ecosystem models.
Glossary for randomized clinical trials
Authors: Nagendrababu V. , Duncan H. F. , Pulikkotil S. J. , Dummer P. M. H.
Published: October 2020

Randomized clinical trials are positioned at the highest level of primary clinical evidence, as they are designed to be unbiased with a reduced risk of systematic error. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement was first developed in 1996 to improve the reporting quality of randomized clinical trials with updates being published subsequently. Recently, the Preferred Reporting Items for RAndomized Trials in Endodontics (PRIRATE) 2020 guidelines were developed exclusively for the field of Endodontics to address the suboptimal quality of randomized clinical trials submitted to Endodontic journals, which result in many being rejected. A principal flaw in submissions is the fact that many authors are unclear on the keys terms that should be used when developing manuscripts for publication. Clearly, authors should be aware of the most common terms used when conducting and reporting randomized clinical trials. Hence, the aim of the current paper is to present a comprehensive glossary of the terminology used in randomized clinical trials in order to assist authors when designing, executing and writing‐up randomized clinical trials.
Physical, structural, optical and gamma‐ray shielding properties of Na2O‐CdO‐Bi2O3‐B2O3 glasses
Authors: Alajerami Yasser S. , Drabold David A. , Thapa Rajendra , Sayyed M. I. , Mhareb M. H. A.
Published: October 2020

The current study shows a new attempt to develop gamma‐ray shielding glasses. The proposed glass is a borate‐base composition modified with sodium and cadmium oxides and different concentrations of bismuth oxide. Based on the melt‐quenching technique, we prepared four glass compositions of 20NaO‐15CdO‐ (65−x)B2O3‐xBi2O3, where x = 0, 10, 20, and 30 mol%. The amorphous nature of the prepared samples was confirmed by XRD. To get more details about the structure, FTIR and UV‐Vis‐NIR were performed to characterize the prepared glasses. Moreover, we used ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to create the possible structures of the new compositions, and compared with the experimental measurements. A series of shielding parameters was investigated based on the gamma‐ray emission in the range of 0.01‐10 MeV. The results revealed an improvement of the shielding parameters with increasing of Bi2O3 content. The sample with the highest Bi2O3 (S4) has the highest Zeff and least HVL, while S1 (with no Bi2O3 content) has the lowest Zeff at all energy levels. The gamma‐ray transmission factor of the prepared glasses was compared with some commercial concretes. Finally, the new glasses especially with highest Bi2O3 are recommended to use in gamma radiation shielding facilities.
Understanding cassava varietal preferences through pairwise ranking of gari‐eba and fufu prepared by local farmer–processors
Authors: Teeken Béla , Agbona Afolabi , Bello Abolore , Olaosebikan Olamide , Alamu Emmanuel , Adesokan Michael , Awoyale Wasiu , Madu Tessy , Okoye Benjamin , Chijioke Ugo , Owoade Durodola , Okoro Maria , Bouniol Alexandre , Dufour Dominique , Hershey Clair , Rabbi Ismail , Maziya‐Dixon Busie , Egesi Chiedozie , Tufan Hale , Kulakow Peter
Published: October 2020

Within communities in Osun and Imo States of Nigeria, farmer–processors grew and processed a diverse set of improved and landrace cassava varieties into the locally popular foods, gari, eba and fufu. Local and 15 main varieties were grown in a ‘mother and baby trials’ design in each state. Mother trials with three replications were processed by farmer–processors renown in their community for their processing skills. Baby trials were managed and processed by other farmer–processors. The objective was to identify food quality criteria to inform demand‐led breeding to benefit users, especially women, given their key roles in processing. Farmer–processors evaluated the overall quality of fresh roots and derived food products through pairwise comparisons. Improved varieties had higher fresh and dry root yield. Overall, landraces ranked first for quality of gari and eba, but several improved varieties were also appreciated for good quality. Landraces in Osun had higher gari yield and a higher swelling power compared to improved varieties. Colour (browning), bulk density, swelling power, solubility and water absorption capacity were the criteria most related to food product ranking by farmer–processors. Evaluation of varieties under farmer–processors’ conditions is crucial for providing guidance to breeders on critical selection criteria.