bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the issue of restoration of forest areas damaged by fires
Authors: Kalinin Roman , Ivashnev Mikhail , Vasil'ev Aleksey , Sukhanov Yuri
Published: June 2024

The article discusses the issues of restoration of forest areas damaged by fires. Forest fires cause not only environmental, but also material damage. If it is almost impossible to compensate for the environmental damage caused by the ingress of combustion products into the atmosphere, then restoring forest resources is a feasible task. Currently, the same technologies are used for reforestation in fire-damaged forest and burnt areas as for reforestation in forest sites after deforestation. However, their efficiency, taking into account natural and industrial conditions, is often not at the highest level. The aggravation of the problem of forest fires necessitates the use of highly effective domestic methods and technical means for reforestation after fires. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of technical development of domestic modern methods and technical means of restoring forest areas damaged by fires. In the course of the patent information search and analysis of scientific and technical literature, modern methods and technical means for restoring forest plantations in areas damaged by fires were studied, and the collected information was analyzed. The effectiveness of the use of a mulch working body for the preliminary preparation of a forest area disturbed by fires is noted.
The use of vinyl and vinylidene chloride latexes in the manufacture of asbestos cardboard
Authors: Mal'cev Gennadiy , Yur'ev Yuriy
Published: June 2024

The need to create an inexpensive paper-like material based on mineral fibers is due to the protection of thermal insulation of pipelines. Materials used: mineral fibers ‒ asbestos grades M-4-20; binder ‒ vinyl- and vinylidene-chloride latexes VKHVD-65, DVKHB-70; coagulant ‒ aluminum sulfate. Method used: production of samples of asbestos cardboard from a fibrous composition in a TAPPI sheet‒filling machine, wt. h.: 100 asbestos fiber; 5‒60 latex; 3‒10 coagulant. For each composition of the fibrous composition, 10 samples were cast for testing. The properties of the material are characterized by physical‒mechanical parameters: breaking length (L, m); tear resistance (E, mN) and penetration (Po, kPa); absorbency during unilateral wetting (G, g/m2) and capillary (B, mm); degree of sizing (C, c/mm). Results: the strength of castings depends on the nature, binder and coagulant content: for latexes DVKHB-70/ VKHVD-65 ‒ Lmax = (504‒662)/(384‒417) with a significance level of α = 0.05 in the composition, wt.h.: 5‒20 latex; 3‒6 coagulant; Lmin = 206/(132‒168) with α = 0.05 in composition, wt.h.: 25‒60 latex; 7‒10 coagulant; Po(max) = (14‒15)/20 kPa with α = 0.05 at a content of 10/(10‒20) wt.h. latex. Samples with VKHVD-65 are hydrophilic: Gmax / Bmax = (2 ‒3)/(4‒5) with α = 0.05. With an increase in the content of DVKHB-70, the values of G decrease from 1‒3 to zero with α = 0.05; B ≈ 0 for any content of DVKHB-70. The results mean: in theory, the physical and mechanical properties of asbestos cardboard are determined by the film‒forming properties of binders ‒ synthetic latexes; in practice, the compositions of fibrous suspensions for obtaining a protective material with high consumer properties are determined. Conclusion: a key advantage for readers is the practical confirmation of the possibility of creating new composite materials with ingredients of various natures ‒ mineral and organic. The range of latexes with other monomers suitable for the production of asbestos cardboard remains unresolved.
Linear Discrete Game Under Quadratic Constraints on Controls
Authors: Chikrii Greta
Published: June 2024

Introduction. In studies concerning the problems of approaching moving objects, the authors, as a rule, use continuous dynamic models under integral constrains on controls. However, only discrete models under quadratic or resource constraints are suitable for practical applications.
The purpose of the paper is to develop a discrete analog of the method of time dilation for solving the problem of guaranteed approaching a terminal set by a discrete conflict-controlled system trajectory.
Results. We introduce the concept of integer function of time dilation. Its using, in the frames of the discrete analog of the Pontryagin First Direct method, makes it possible to deduce sufficient conditions for bringing the trajectory of the discrete conflict-controlled process to the terminal set. We outline the way of constructing current pursuer’s control, which brings the object trajectory to the terminal set under arbitrary admissible counteraction of the evader. It differs from the pursuer control choice in the continuous case, when the pursuer chooses his current control in view of the evader’s control at a certain moment of time in the past. In the discrete case, the pursuer constructs his control on the basis of information about the evader’s controls on a whole discrete interval of time in the past. We prove that such control satisfies original quadratic constraints.
Conclusions. We derive conditions for approaching the trajectory of conflict-controlled discrete process a terminal set. In so doing, quadratic constraints on controls are fulfilled. The terminal set is supposed to be a subset that corresponds to the catching the evader by the pursuer. Keywords: linear discrete game of approach, quadratic constraints, pursuer, evader, integer function of time dilation, admissible control.
Improved Decoding Algorithms for Convolutional Codes
Authors: Sosnenko Kateryna
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The considered implementation of the Viterbi algorithm provides a reduction in hardware and time costs for decoding convoluted code sequences, and can be used for semi-realistic modeling of existing means of data transmission (for example, in satellite communication).
The purpose of the article. Show how when modeling the processes of encoding and decoding convolutional codes according to the improved Viterbi algorithm, as well as its implementation based on programmable logic devices of the FPGA type, it was possible to reduce the number of clocks of reading metrics and tracks from RAM by 2 times.
The results. A two-fold decrease in the number of reading cycles of metrics and tracks (input sequences or reverse pointers) from RAM is achieved by joint processing of two receiver nodes that share two source nodes.
Relatively small costs for a hardware calculator of edge metrics allow you to organize parallel calculation, comparison and multiplexing of metrics and tracks of two sources at the inputs of block RAM. Two-port block memory makes it possible to significantly (up to two times) speed up the decoding process, to abandon metric and track buffer registers.
Conclusions: The Viterbi decoder is widely used in communication systems and is a practical method of error correction at high signal transmission speed in modern telecommunication systems. The Viterbi decoder is designed for decoding convolutional codes and is optimal in the sense of minimizing the probability of an error. The advantage of the Viterbi decoder is that its complexity is a linear function of the number of symbols in the codeword sequence.
In addition, the Viterbi algorithm is widely used in pattern recognition systems using hidden Markov models. Keywords: Convolutional codes, Viterbi algorithm, FPGA basis, metrics.
COMPUTER MORPHOMETRY OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PYELONEPHRITIS
Authors: Давыдкин И.Л. , Гусякова О.А. , Федорова О.И. , Игнатова Н.К.
Published: June 2024

Цель исследования — изучение особенностей морфометрических параметров лимфоцитов периферической крови при хроническом пиелонефрите у больных пожилого возраста в сравнении с больными молодого и среднего возраста. Обследован 81 больной хроническим пиелонефритом в фазе обострения. Все больные были разделены на три возрастные группы согласно рекомендациям ВОЗ: 1-я — 42 пациента молодого возраста (18–44 года); 2-я — 17 пациентов среднего возраста (45–59 лет); 3-я — 22 пациента пожилого возраста (60–74 года). Всем обследованным проведена компьютерная морфометрия лимфоцитов. У пожилых больных хроническим пиелонефритом размеры и цитоплазменно-ядерное отношение лимфоцитов увеличиваются. Это указывает на сохранность защитных реакций лимфоцитов в этом возрасте. У мужчин, больных хроническим пиелонефритом, в 1-й и 2-й возрастных группах размеры лимфоцитов увеличиваются, а у женщин — уменьшаются. Цитоплазменно-ядерное отношение увеличивается у мужчин этих возрастных групп, у женщин — не меняется или уменьшается. Получены косвенные указания на снижение иммунитета у женщин в молодом и среднем возрасте при развитии хронического воспаления в почках.

The aim of the study was to investigate the peculiarities of morphometric parameters of peripheral blood lymphocytes in chronic pyelonephritis in elderly patients in comparison with young and middle-aged patients. A total of 81 patients with chronic pyelonephritis in the exacerbation phase were examined. All patients were divided into three age groups according to WHO recommendations: the 1st — 42patients of young age (18–44 years); the 2nd — 17 patients of middle age (45–59 years); the 3rd — 22 elderly patients (60–74 years). Computer morphometry of lymphocytes was performed in all examined patients. In elderly patients with chronic pyelonephritis the size and сytoplasmic-nuclear ratio of lymphocytes increase. This indicates the preservation of lymphocyte defense responses at this age. In male patients with chronic pyelonephritis in the 1st and 2nd age groups the size of lymphocytes increases, and in female patients — decreases. The сytoplasmic-nuclear ratio increases in males of these age groups, while it remains unchanged or decreases in females. Indirect indications of reduced immunity in young and middle-aged women with chronic inflammation in the kidneys have been obtained.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF MICRODISCECTOMY AND MINIMALLY INVASIVE TRANSFORAMINAL LUMBAR INTERBODY FUSION IN THE TREATMENT OF ADJACENT-LEVEL INTERVERTEBRAL DISC HERNIATIONS WITH LUMBOSACRAL TRANSITIONAL VERTEBRA IN ELDERLY PATIENTS
Authors: Бывальцев В.А. , Калинин А.А. , Хозеев Д.В. , Кундубаев Р.А. , Пестряков Ю.Я. , Бирючков М.Ю.
Published: June 2024

Цель исследования — сравнительный анализ эффективности использования микрохирургической дискэктомии и минимально инвазивного трансфораминального спондилодеза при лечении грыж межпозвонковых дисков смежного уровня с аномалией пояснично-крестцового перехода позвоночника у пациентов старшей возрастной группы. В исследование были включены 80 пациентов пожилого возраста (старше 60 лет), выделено две группы: 1-я — пациенты (n=39), которым выполняли микрохирургическую дискэктомию; 2-я — пациенты (n=41), прооперированные с использованием минимально инвазивного трансфораминального межтелового спондилодеза, чрескожной транспедикулярной стабилизации (MI-TLIF). Для сравнительного анализа использовали гендерные характеристики (пол, возраст), конституциональные особенности (ИМТ), степень физического статуса по ASA, интраоперационные параметры вмешательств и специфичность послеоперационного ведения пациентов, клинические данные, наличие осложнений. Оценку отдаленных исходов проводили в минимальном катамнезе 3 лет. В результате установлено, что использование MI-TLIF позволяет достичь лучших отдаленных клинических исходов, меньшего числа серьезных осложнений в сравнении с методикой микрохирургической дискэктомии при лечении грыж межпозвонковых дисков смежного уровня с аномалией пояснично-крестцового перехода позвоночника у пациентов старшей возрастной группы.

The purpose of the study was a comparative analysis the effectiveness of microsurgical discectomy and minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in the treatment of disk herniation adjacent to the anomaly of the lumbosacral junction segment in elderly patients. The study included 80 elderly patients (over 60 years old), divided into two groups: the 1st — (n=39) who underwent microsurgical discectomy; the 2nd — patients (n=41) operated on using minimally invasive transforaminal interbody fusion and percutaneous transpedicular stabilization (MI-TLIF). For the comparative analysis, we used gender characteristics (gender, age), constitutional characteristics (BMI), degree of physical status according to ASA, intraoperative parameters of interventions and the specificity of postoperative patient management, clinical data, and the presence of complications. Long-term outcomes were assessed at a minimum follow-up of 3 years. As a result, it was found that the use of MI-TLIF allows achieving better long-term clinical outcomes, fewer major complications in comparison with the microsurgical discectomy technique in the treatment of disc herniation adjacent to the anomaly of the lumbosacral junction segment in elderly patients.
GERIATRIC SYNDROMES: THE IMPORTANCE OF THE PROBLEM, CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES OF TERMINOLOGY
Authors: Лаптева Е.С. , Арьев А.Л. , Сафонова Ю.А. , Дьячкова-Герцева Д.С.
Published: June 2024

Основу здорового старения составляет профилактика инвалидности. В современном медицинском использовании гериатрический синдром относится к совокупности симптомов и признаков с единственной основной причиной, которая, может быть, пока неизвестна. Гериатрические синдромы же относятся к многофакторным состояниям здоровья и возникают, когда накопленные последствия нарушений в нескольких системах делают пожилого человека уязвимым к ситуационным изменениям. Использование термина «синдром» в гериатрии подчеркивает множественные причины единого проявления, включающие обилие факторов с вовлечением нескольких органов и систем, и характеризуется уникальными особенностями распространенных проблем со здоровьем у пожилых людей. Именно гериатрические синдромы могут оказывать существенное влияние на качество жизни и инвалидность. Поэтому в гериатрии необходимо раннее выявление данных медицинских состояний при использовании таргетной гериатрической оценки. Понимание сущности и феминологии гериатрических синдромов, правильное их позиционирование и интерпретация являются крайне актуальной проблемой. Основной целью представленного обзора как раз и является попытка ответить на эти вопросы. Кроме того, до настоящего времени не определено, нужно ли включать в диагноз гериатрические синдромы (исключение составляет лишь синдром саркопении, который в 2016 г. официально был включен в МКБ-10).

The foundation of healthy aging is the prevention of disability. In modern medical usage, a syndrome refers to a collection of symptoms and signs with a single underlying cause that may not yet be known. Geriatric syndromes, on the other hand, refer to multifactorial health conditions and occur when the accumulated effects of impairments in multiple systems make an older person vulnerable to situational changes. The use of the term “syndrome” in geriatrics emphasizes the multiple causes of a single manifestation involving an abundance of factors involving multiple organs and systems and is characterized by unique features of common health problems in older adults. It is the geriatric syndromes that can have a significant impact on quality of life and disability. Therefore, early detection of these medical conditions using targeted geriatric assessment is essential in geriatrics. Understanding the essence and feminology of geriatric syndromes, their correct positioning and interpretation is an extremely urgent problem. The main purpose of the presented review is precisely to try to answer these questions. In addition, it has not yet been determined whether geriatric syndromes should be included in the diagnosis (the only exception is sarcopenia syndrome, which was officially included in the 10th International Classification of Diseases in 2016).
PREVENTION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF GERIATRIC SYNDROMES AND ACUTE FUNCTIONAL DEFICIENCY IN PATIENTS WITH FRAILTY
Authors: Павленко Е.В. , Милютина Е.В. , Чернов А.В. , Багдасарян К.С. , Горелик С.Г.
Published: June 2024

Одной из наиболее сложных задач в медицинской практике является фармакотерапия пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста. Эта сложность обусловлена возрастными физиологическими изменениями, высокой частотой мультиморбидности. Возраст пациентов больше не исключает хирургического вмешательства, и эти процедуры часто выполняют пожилым пациентам со сложными сопутствующими заболеваниями. За последние 15 лет во всем мире значительно увеличилось число неотложных госпитализаций.

One of the most difficult tasks in medical practice is pharmacotherapy in elderly and senile patients. The complexity of pharmacotherapy in elderly patients is due to age-related physiological changes, high frequency of multimorbidity. The age of patients no longer precludes surgical intervention, and surgical procedures are often performed on elderly patients with complex comorbidities. Over the past 15 years, the number of emergency hospitalizations has increased significantly worldwide
PROGNOSIS OF A HIGH RISK OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN THE LONG-TERM PERIOD OF LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY IN THE ELDERLY AND SENILE
Authors: Амбарцумян А.Р. , Козлов К.Л. , Пятибрат Е.Д. , Пятибрат А.О.
Published: June 2024

После холецистэктомии больные пожилого возраста требуют особого внимания из-за влияния инволюционных процессов в организме на формирование осложнений. Для выявления прогностических критериев формирования неалкогольной жировой болезни печени (НАЖБП) в отдаленном периоде мини-инвазивной холецистэктомии были обследованы 159 мужчин. Нарушение регуляции желчевыводящих путей определяли с помощью магнитно-резонансной хoлaнгиoпaнкреатoграфии, эластографии и МРТ печени. Микробные маркеры пристеночного микробиома кишечника определяли с помощью хромато-масс-спектрометрии. Выявлена взаимосвязь повышения ИМТ со снижением количества облигатного микробиома (r=–0,43, p<0,050), а также с формированием НАЖБП у пожилых пациентов. Определены особенности вегетативной регуляции у пожилых лиц с НАЖБП. Доказано, что в пожилом возрасте снижение количества облигатной анаэробной ассоциации микроорганизмов тонкой кишки (в среднем с 15 659 до 7 630 кл/г•105 у лиц 2-й возрастной подгруппы и с 14 571 до 7 837 кл/г•105 — в 3-й) является предиктором НАЖБП. Разработанный на основании анализа высокоинформативных признаков прогностический алгоритм позволяет с точностью не ниже 75 % выявить высокий риск формирования НАЖБП в отдалённом периоде холецистэктомии.

After cholecystectomy, elderly patients require special attention, due to the influence of involution processes in the body on the formation of complications. To identify prognostic criteria for the formation of fatty liver degeneration in the long-term period of minimally invasive cholecystectomy, 159 men were examined. Dysregulation of the biliary tract was determined using magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, elastography and magnetic resonance imaging of the liver. Microbial markers of the wall microbiome of the intestine were determined using chromatography-mass spectrometry. The relationship between an increase in body mass index and a decrease in the amount of obligate microbiome (r=–0,43, p<0,050), as well as with the formation of fatty liver degeneration in elderly patients, was revealed. The features of vegetative regulation in elderly people with fatty liver degeneration have been determined. It has been proven that in old age, a decrease in the number of obligate anaerobic association of microorganisms of the small intestine (on average from 15 659 to 7 630 in persons of the 2nd age subgroup and from 1 457 to 17 837 in the 3rd) is a predictor of fatty liver degeneration. The prognostic algorithm developed on the basis of the analysis of highly informative signs makes it possible to identify with an accuracy of at least 75 % a high risk of fatty liver degeneration in the long-term period of cholecystectomy.
FIBROPHYSEMATOUS LUNG CHANGES AND MICROBIOTA CHANGES IN SENILE PERSONS
Authors: Кузьминов О.М. , Мусиенко С.К. , Пушкин А.С. , Давыдова Е.П. , Евневич Ю.В. , Сагинбаев У.Р.
Published: June 2024

Исследование состояния легких и микробиоты дыхательных путей у людей старческого возраста является актуальной задачей. Связано это с тем, что дегенеративные или возраст-ассоциированные изменения дыхательной системы играют важную роль в формировании синдрома старческой астении и снижении возрастной жизнеспособности организма в целом. Проведен анализ компьютерных томограмм пациентов 80–90 лет (n=31). Оценивали возраст-ассоциированные изменения: наличие линейного фиброза, усиление легочного рисунка по типу ретикулярных (сетчатых) изменений, наличие грубых фиброзных ретикулярных изменений с кистозными полостями и воздушными буллами (по типу «сотового легкого»), а также наличие эмфиземы легких. Наиболее закономерно у лиц старческого возраста обнаруживаются изменения, характерные для линейного фиброза легких и эмфиземы. Прогрессирование процесса приводит к диффузным ретикулярным изменениям межальвеолярных и межсегментарных перегородок, и в неблагоприятных случаях — к формированию грубых изменений по типу «сотового легкого». Фиброзно-эмфизематозные изменения достоверно чаще встречаются у мужчин. Также проведено микробиологическое исследование микробиоты нижних дыхательных путей у лиц старческого возраста (n=16). При исследовании микробиоценоза нижних дыхательных путей у лиц старческого возраста в 71 % встречалась резидентная микрофлора и в 29 % — клинически значимые микроорганизмы.

Research on the condition of the lungs in senile people is an urgent task. This is due to the fact that degenerative or age-associated changes in the respiratory system play an important role in the formation of senile asthenia syndrome and a decrease in the age-related viability of the body as a whole. CT-scans of patients aged 80–90 years were analyzed (n=31). Age-associated changes were evaluated: the presence of linear fibrosis, increased pulmonary pattern by the type of reticular (reticular) changes, the presence of gross fibrous reticular changes with cystic cavities and air bullae (by the type of «cellular lung»), as well as the presence of pulmonary emphysema. Most naturally, senile people show changes characteristic of linear pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. The progression of the process leads to diffuse reticular changes in the interalveolar and intersegmental septa and, in adverse cases, to the formation of gross changes in the type of «cellular lung». Fibro-emphysematous changes are significantly more common in men. A microbiological study of the microbiota of the lower respiratory tract in elderly people was also carried out (n=16). When studying the microbiocenosis of the lower respiratory tract in elderly people, the following data were obtained: resident microflora was found in 71 % and clinically significant microorganisms were found in 29 %.
Um universo chamado capoeira: encantos de uma arte
Authors: Eleutério de Oliveira Gleicivânia , Sales Janaina
Published: June 2024

Capoeira é, sim, uma luta. Mas uma luta por igualdade, não pelo reconhecimento de uma manifestação cultural de nosso povo, pois ela existe independentemente disso e não precisa do aval de ninguém. Assim como a grande maioria de nossa gente, a capoeira historicamente lutou pelo seu direito de existir. Neste pequeno e belo livro, três artistas das palavras, das ilustrações, das cores e da capoeira apresentam de forma lúdica para as crianças o universo da ginga, dos berimbaus, do atabaque, do pandeiro e de como a prática deste esporte tão brasileiro desperta afetos, amizade, educa e promove a liberdade e a autoconsciência.
From Legal Positivism to Neo-Liberal Scientism
Authors: Kizito Michael George
Published: June 2024

Despite decades of contentions between moral legalists and legal positivists about the place of morality in law, moral law has vehemently stood out as the end of history. The scientific experiment has despondently failed to logically evict the moral law from the jurisprudential discourse. This research article posits that moral law is the End of History as far jurisprudential evolution is concerned. It argues that the mechanization of law through the positivistic experiment is a moral debacle dented with logical inconsistencies and insurmountable fallacies. It thus uses the inseparability thesis to demonstrate the pivotality of moral law in every positive jurisprudence superstructure. It contends that law appeals to our moral sensibilities because it pre-supposes a conscience in the law giver, the law enforcer and the citizen who is supposed to abide by the law. This ought necessity therefore makes the trio morally credible to legislate, enforce the law and be legally bound by the principles and precincts established by the law.
ANALISIS KINERJA GURU TK BERDASARKAN SERTIFIKASI PROFESI
Authors: Suci Rohmadheny Prima , Khotimah Khusnul
Published: June 2024

Abstrak
Sertifikasi guru merupakan salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan mutu pendidikan dan kesejahteraan guru. Akan tetapi pada realita yang ada tidak semua guru yang sudah bersertifikasi memiliki kinerja yang sesuai dengan Standar Pendidikan Nasional. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka peneliti ingin memperoleh informasi terkait perbedaan kinerja guru bersertifikasi dan guru belum bersertifikasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif komparatif, untuk mengetahui perbedaan kinerja guru bersertifikasi dan guru belum bersertifikasi. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah simple random sampling dengan  kriteria guru bersertifikasi tunjangan yayasan dan guru belum bersertifikasi di TK ABA Se-Kecamatan Banguntapan Bantul. Responden dalam penelitian  ini adalah 28 guru bersertifikasi dan 12 guru belum bersertifikasi. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan statistik non parametrik Uji Mann Withney menggunakan program SPPS versi 26 for windows 7. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara kinerja guru bersertifikasi dan guru belum bersertifikasi dikarenakan nilai asymp.sig lebih besar dari pada nilai probabilitas yaitu 0.882 > 0.05 sehingga Ha ditolak dan H0 diterima. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan rata-rata (mean) guru bersertifikasi memperoleh skor 178.25 sedangkan guru belum bersertifikasi memperoleh skor 178 sehingga terdapat perbedaan nilai rata-rata sebesar 0.25. Dengan demikian disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan. Pendidikan non formal guru TK ABA Se-Kecamatan Banguntapan Bantul melalui diklat, pelatihan, dan workshop berkontribusi terhadap kinerja guru PAUD yang belum bersertifikasi.
Meningkatkan Perkembangan Motorik Halus Anak Usia Dini Melalui Melalui Tekni 3M (Melipat, Menggunting, Menempel)
Authors: Damayanti Alfina , Syafrudin Ulwan , Oktaria Renti
Published: June 2024

Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui meningkatkan perkembangan motorik halus anak
usia dini melalui teknik 3M ( melipat, mengguntin, dan menempel) yang sangat diperlukan anak usia
dini sebagai landasan kasiapan saraf motorik anak usia dini. Motede yang digunakan adalah deskriptif, partisipan, melalui teknik yang digunakan pengamatan, wawancara, study pustaka baik dari buku maupun internet dengan analisis data deskriptif. Hasil yang didapatkan pada saat penelitian dari 24 sampel anak usia dini di kelas B, TK Amaliah kecamatan Buay Madang Timur, diperoleh bahwa 12 orang dengan persentasi 50% anak dapat dengan cepat menerapkan 3M, 9 orang anak dengan persentase 37,5% normal dalam menerapkan 3M, dan 3 orang anak dengan persentase 12,5% lambat dalam menerapkan 3M. Dimana dalam hal ini jumlah anak yang cepat dan normal dalam menerapkan 3M lebih besar yaitu sekitar 87,5% dan yang lambat sebesar 12,5%. Dengan menerapkan 3M mampu mnegembangkan motorik anak usia dini, Teknik ini memiliki manfaat dalam mengembangkan keterampilan motorik halus anak, seperti koordinasi mata dan tangan, kehalusan gerakan, kreativitas, dan kepercayaan diri. Peran guru dan orang tua penting dalam memberikan dukungan, fasilitasi pembelajaran, dan menciptakan lingkungan yang sesuai. Dengan implementasi teknik 3M secara konsisten, anak dapat mengalami pertumbuhan positif dalam perkembangan motorik halus mereka.
 Kata kunci ; Anak usia dini, Ketrampilan 3M, Motorik Halus
PENGENALAN KONSEP MATEMATIKA PADA ANAK USIA DINI MENGGUNAKAN ALAT PERAGA
Authors: Salna Ijar
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya pengenalan konsep matematika untuk anak usia dini menggunakan alat peraga. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian studi analisis pustaka atau kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian, terdapat beberapa konsep matematika yang harus diajarkan kepada anak usia dini, yaitu: (1) Konsep angka (2) Konsep pola dan hubungan. Konsep geometri dan bangun ruang (4) Konsep memilih dan mengelompokkan (5) Konsep pengukuran (6) Konsep pengumpulan dan tampilan data. Dalam mengenalkan dan menanamkan konsep matematika pada anak usia dini diperlukan alat peraga, karena dapat membantu dan mempermudah pengenalan konsep matematika oleh guru kepada anak serta memiliki dampak positif dalam meningkatkan perhatian anak untuk menciptakan kegiatan belajar yang menyenangkan. Dengan alat peraga, maka dampak yang ditimbulkan dapat diamati secara nyata yaitu dengan adanya rasa antusiasme dan semangat belajar yang Secara keseluruhan dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan alat peraga dalam pengenalan konsep matematika pada anak usia dini menjadi metode yang paling mudah dalam meningkatkan pemahaman terkait dengan konsep matematika pada anak usia dini.
EFL STUDENTS’ CREATIVITY REFLECTED IN THE USE OF CATAPHORIC REFERENCES IN STUDENT CREATIVE WRITING
Authors: Ramadhani Tria Rahayu , Iftanti Erna
Published: June 2024

This study explores the impact of cataphoric references on coherence and creativity in non-native English speakers attending university-level creative writing courses. This research aims to address the question of whether students’ creativity is reflected through the use of cataphora in their writing. Using qualitative descriptive analysis, the author focuses on creative writing works from a Creative Writing Course at Universitas Islam Negeri Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung, employing purposive sampling from two students’ compilation books for diverse representation. Data collection involved systematically reading the compilation books, and noting instances of cataphoric and anaphoric references. The collected data were organized into tables, categorizing passages based on Longacre's text types. Analysis centers on cataphoric and anaphoric references, guided by Halliday and Matthiessen's theoretical framework (2014). This theoretical lens guided the exploration of the roles of cataphora in different text types and the subsequent understanding of its impact on students' creativity. The findings reveal that cataphora can function as both cohesive and creative tools, enhancing the creative dimension of a text by instilling suspense or a sense of anticipation. Interestingly, texts that abstain from using cataphora and solely utilize anaphora may enhance creativity through diction diversification. However, it is acknowledged that determining whether students’ creativity is reflected through the use of cataphora in their writing presents challenges. The study's limitations stem from the analysis of purposive samples, thus restricting the generalizability of the results. Despite limitations, this study significantly contributes to understanding the creative dimensions of cataphoric references in non-native English-speaking students' writing.
APLIKASI SISTEM INFORMASI PERPUSTAKAAN SMPN 11 DEPOK DENGAN QR CODE
Authors: Haniyah  , Bastian Irwan , Hidayat Ahmad , R. Dewi Agushinta
Published: June 2024

Perpustakaan merupakan bagian dari sumber belajar yang harus dimiliki oleh setiap sekolah maupun perguruan tinggi. Hal ini karena peserta didik dapat dengan mudah mencari informasi atau ilmu pengetahuan melalui fasilitas perpustakaan. SMPN 11 Depok yang beralamatkan di Perumahan Sukatani Permai, kota Depok Jawa Barat memiliki perpustakaan yang kondisinya masih kurang efektif karena sistem pengelolaan data perpustakaan secara konvesional khususnya dalam transaksi peminjaman dan pengembalian buku. Dengan adanya perkembangan teknologi membuat manusia berfikir untuk dapat bekerja secara lebih efektif dan efisien, yaitu dengan membuat suatu perubahan sistem informasi perpustakaan dari konvensional menjadi sebuah sistem yang terkomputerisasi. Pengembangan website perpustakaan untuk SMPN 11 Depok dibuat dengan penambahan penerapan QR Code untuk membantu mempermudah proses login ke dalam sistem. Website ini dapat diakses melalui alamat website https://librarysmpn11depok.xyz. Website ini telah dibuat dengan menggunakan kelengkapan fitur yang ditentukan dan memeriksa kesesuaian terhadap antarmuka yang merepresentasikan fitur tersebut. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode User Acceptance Test (UAT) melalui kuisioner yang diisi oleh 70 siswa SMPN 11 Depok, dengan hasil 88.13% dari responden sangat setuju bahwa website perpustakaan SMPN 11 Depok mudah digunakan dan sudah memenuhi kebutuhan sehingga website telah layak untuk digunakan.
Em Direção aos Multiletramentos: Integrando Voyant Tools e Artigos Metodológicos em Vídeo do JoVE para o Ensino de Língua Inglesa
Authors: Milani Victor Gomes
Published: June 2024

Esse artigo aborda possibilidades de integração tecnológica no ensino de língua inglesa, destacando o software Voyant Tools e os Artigos Metodológicos em Vídeo (AMVs) do JoVE. Com base na Pedagogia dos Multiletramentos (KALANTZIS; COPE; PINHEIRO, 2020), explora-se a potencial aplicação do Voyant Tools em transcrições de AMVs brasileiros. O Voyant Tools oferece ferramentas como Cirrus, Leitor, Frequência Relativa, Sumário e Contextos, que podem enriquecer práticas pedagógicas. Essas ferramentas, ao serem estrategicamente utilizadas, alinham-se aos estágios de "Experienciando", "Conceitualizando", "Analisando" e "Aplicando" da Pedagogia dos Multiletramentos, promovendo uma abordagem contextualizada e personalizada no ensino de língua inglesa, especialmente com AMVs do JoVE.
Palavras-chave: Multiletramentos. Voyant Tools. Artigos Metodológicos em Vídeo..
Glossário terminológico em Libras: registro de sinais-termo da área de Agronomia, Agropecuária e Horticultura do IFRS
Authors: Lima Cigognini Fabiane , Rocha Costa Francinei , Oliveira Sabrine
Published: June 2024

Este trabalho apresenta a produção de um glossário terminológico em Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras), tendo como foco a produção de sinais-termo específicos das áreas de Agronomia, Agropecuária e Horticultura. O trabalho foi realizado por professores e intérpretes de Libras do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, em uma parceria dos campus Ibirubá e Bento Gonçalves. O glossário bilíngue (Português-Libras) tem como objetivo fornecer suporte didático aos alunos e profissionais da área, além de criar e divulgar sinais específicos relacionados aos cursos oferecidos pelo Instituto Federal. A iniciativa visa também promover a autonomia dos estudantes surdos, possibilitando que eles participem das disciplinas e obtenham as informações necessárias para seu aprendizado. A equipe responsável pelo projeto identificou a necessidade de registrar os sinais já utilizados por profissionais da área, incluindo docentes, alunos e intérpretes. Cada sinal - termo em Libras foi acompanhado por uma explicação contextual, visando facilitar o entendimento e a aplicação adequada dos termos. O glossário representa um avanço significativo na inclusão e acessibilidade dentro do ambiente acadêmico e profissional para pessoas surdas que atuam ou estudam nos cursos ofertados pelo Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS) e comunidade externa.
 
Palavras-chave: Glossário Terminológico. Sinais-termo. Libras. Agronomia.
Kerangka Berpikir Walisongo dan Islamisasi Jawa pada Peralihan Abad XV dan XVI
Authors: Adib Muhammad
Published: June 2024

This research aims to explore the framework of thought used by the Wali Songo in the process of massive Islamization in Java during the transition period of the 15th and 16th centuries. A historical-philosophical approach is used to explore the thoughts and da'wah strategies carried out by Wali Songo in dealing with the social conditions of Javanese society at that time. The content analysis method is used to analyze historical texts and related literature which contain the preaching activities of the Wali Songo. The research results show that the Wali Songo's frame of mind is reflected through the social analysis and da'wah strategies they use. Through a deep understanding of local communities and their spiritual needs, the Wali Songo use an approach appropriate to the Javanese cultural context to spread Islamic teachings on a massive scale. They adopted an inclusive and adaptive da'wah method, utilizing local culture, language and traditions to form an understanding of Islam that was relevant and acceptable to Javanese society at that time. This research contributes to an understanding of the dynamics of Islamization in Java during that period, as well as the relevance of the da'wah strategies used by the Wali Songo in different social and cultural contexts.
Key words: The Framework of Thought, Wali Songo, Massive Islamization in Java
Pengaruh Pola Asuh Orangtua terhadap Akhlak Siswa
Authors: Roihana  , Nur Diaz Intan
Published: June 2024

This study focuses on the influence of parenting on student morals and measures how good the moral level of students is at school. Based on field observations made by researchers while taking Real Work Lectures at the place of research object. This study uses a descriptive quantitative method, which is taking samples from a population to be used as a data collection tool. Control for several non-experimental variables and there is a control group as a comparative group to understand the effects of treatment. In this quantitative method, many tests are carried out, namely validity and reliability tests to determine whether questionnaires can be used as research media or not, classical assumption tests to determine the distribution of data on each dependent and independent variable, multiple linear regression analysis to determine the value of variable coefficients, and hypothesis tests to determine whether there is an influence between dependent variables and independent variables. Based on the results of the study, the average morals of students fall into the category of quite good. Many parents apply democratic parenting to students. Democratic and authoritarian parenting styles have a positive impact on student morals, but not with permissive patterns, namely parenting styles that are more inclined to make children have less good morals.
Key words: parenting; education; moral; influence; student
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN AKTIF, KREATIF, EFEKTIF DAN MENYENANGKAN (PAKEM) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS V SDN 77 RANTE LEMO
Authors: Rahim Muharna , St. Humaerah Syarif
Published: June 2024

Kualitas pendidikan dapat meningkat dengan cara memberbaiki proses belajar mengajar di dalam kelas seperti pemilihan model pembelajaran. Dalam penelitian  ini, peneliti menggunakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan di SDN 77 Rante lemo yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik melalui penerapan model pembelajaran Aktif, Kreatif, Efektif dan Menyenangkan (PAKEM). Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas V SDN 77 Rante lemo dengan jumlah peserta didik 20 orang yang terdiri dari 8 laki-laki dan 12 perempuan. Penelitian dilaksanakan sebanyak dua siklus dengan menggunakan prosedur penelitian model Kemmis dan Mc Taggart mulai dari dari tahap perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Pengumpula data dilakukan dengan menggunakan observasi, dokumentasi, dan tes hasil belajar berupa kemampuan peserta didik menjawab soal yang dibagikan. Data hasil belajar dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis kuantitatif dan data analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Aktif, Kreatif, Efektif dan Menyenangkan (PAKEM) dilihat pada nilai persentase dalam setiap tahapan yang dilakukan dimana pada kondisi awal hasil belajar peserta didik yang mencapai ketuntasan hanya 25%, kemudian siklus I  mencapai 45% dan siklus ke II mencapai 85%, sehingga bisa dikatakan bahwa hasil belajar peserta didik mengalami peningkatan dimulai dari kondisi awal sampai dengan siklus II.Kualitas pendidikan dapat meningkat dengan cara memberbaiki proses belajar mengajar di dalam kelas seperti pemilihan model pembelajaran. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan di SDN 77 Rante lemo yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik melalui penerapan model pembelajaran Aktif, Kreatif, Efektif dan Menyenangkan (PAKEM). Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas V SDN 77 Rante lemo dengan jumlah peserta didik 20 orang yang terdiri dari 8 laki-laki dan 12 perempuan. Penelitian dilaksanakan sebanyak dua siklus dengan menggunakan prosedur penelitian model Kemmis dan Mc Taggart mulai dari dari tahap perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Pengumpula data dilakukan dengan menggunakan observasi, dokumentasi, dan tes hasil belajar berupa kemampuan peserta didik menjawab soal yang dibagikan. Data hasil belajar dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis kuantitatif dan data analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Aktif, Kreatif, Efektif dan Menyenangkan (PAKEM) dilihat pada nilai persentase dalam setiap tahapan yang dilakukan dimana pada kondisi awal hasil belajar peserta didik yang mencapai ketuntasan hanya 25%, kemudian siklus I mencapai 45% dan siklus ke II mencapai 85%, sehingga bisa dikatakan bahwa hasil belajar peserta didik mengalami peningkatan dimulai dari kondisi awal sampai dengan siklus II.
REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL OF THE RAINBOW TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS AND FEATURES OF ITS MANIFESTATION
Authors: Nikandrov V. Ya. , Shindavina N. I. , Zinchenko A. A. , Lukina J. N.
Published: June 2024

The paper deals with reproduction potential features (including seasonal occurrence and frequency of female maturation during the year) of rainbow trout under fish farming. Several hypotheses explaining biannual spawning phenomenon are discussed; farming conditions (i.e. photoperiod duration and temperature) and long-term selection for early maturation are among of them. On the basis of fish sexual cycle evolution analysis, the authors suggest that the significant potential of genetic variability of rainbow trout reproductive features and genetic determination of some individuals to its appearance can be viewed as the reason of biannual spawning. Uncovering of theoretical backgrounds of multiple maturation of rainbow trout during the year can serve as a basis for practical use of biannual spawning phenomenon in fish farming.
FISHES OF THE MODERN ARAL SEA
Authors: Smurov A. O. , Plotnikov I. S. , Aladin N. V.
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this review article is to describe changes in the ichthyofauna of the Aral Sea in the 20th and 21st centuries and comparison of the structure of fish catches in the Aral Sea of the 20th century with those in the Small Aral of the 21st century, as well as a generalization of data on the biology of fish species anew introduced into the Small Aral. In the first half of the 20th century, 20 species lived in the sea, of which cyprinids predominated. After a series of acclimatization measures were carried out in order to enrich the ichthyofauna, 17 new species of fish appeared in the Aral Sea, but the composition of commercial species changed a little. Until 1960, the Aral Sea was in a quasi-stable state. The regression of the Aral Sea began in 1961 and led to the extinction of most species in the ichthyofauna. At the time of the division of the Aral Sea into two reservoirs, only seven species of fish remained in both of them, of which only one species was native. The Small Aral, after dividing the former reservoir into two parts, stabilized its borders. The stabilization of the level of the Small Aral and its freshening led to the return of freshwater fish to the sea. This process had a favorable effect on the size of catches. Currently, the catch volume is about 8000 tons. The future of the ichthyofauna and fish catches depends on what project for the reconstruction of the Small Aral will be chosen. If the option of a singlelevel reservoir will be chosen, the prospects for the fishing industry in the Aral Sea will be more favorable than if the option of a two-level reservoir will be chosen.
Zinc supplementation in patients with cirrhosis and dysgeusia: Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Juárez-Hernández Eva , López-Méndez Iván , Uribe Misael , Chávez-Tapia Norberto , Meneses-Mayo Marcos
Published: June 2024

Background: Dysgeusia has been identified as part of liver cirrhosis (LC). Since zinc (Zn) is involved in taste and LC pathophysiology, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation in patients with LC. Methods: Double-blinded randomized clinical trial, controlled with placebo in patients with LC. The intervention consisted of 100mg/day of Zn for six months. Improvement of dysgeusia was evaluated according to changes in perception (PT) and recognition (RT) thresholds of five flavors evaluated by ascending molar dilutions method. Differences were assessed by determining the size and the magnitude of effects, interpreted according to Common Language Effect Size, and determining the number needed to treat (NNT). Results: 50% (n=17) of patients were male, with a median age of 57 [51-63] years. After six months, 28 patients accomplished the follow-up; in patients who receive Zn, we observed a PT at a lower molar concentration in salty (1.0 [IQR 1.0-14.7] M vs. 12 [IQR 1.0-12] M, improvement probability 58% (NNT=6)), sweet (1.5 [IQR 1.5-3.5] M vs. 3.5 [IQR 1.5-4.0] M, improvement probability 57% (NNT=6)), sour (0.48 [IQR 0.48-0.48] M vs 0.48 [IQR 0.48-2.44] M, improvement probability 65% (NNT=3)) and umami (0.40 [IQR 0.40-0.40] M vs 0.70 [IQR 0.70-0.80] M, improvement probability 74% (NNT=2)) tastes compared to placebo group. With respect to RT, patients who received Zn, recognition of umami taste was observed at a lower molar concentration (0.70 [IQR 0.40-1.17] M vs 0.90 [0.70-1.1] M, improvement probability 59% (NNT=5)) compared to placebo. Conclusion: Patients supplemented with GZn show an improvement probability of PT higher than 55% for salty, sweet, sour, and umami tastes. Meanwhile, the improvement probability of RT for umami taste is 59%.