bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROFESSIONAL COUNSELLING IN NIGERIAN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN THE 21ST CENTURY: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Adubale Andrew A
Published: July 2019

Professional counselling in Nigerian secondary schools was recognised officially by the Federal Government through the National Policy on Education. However, it has experienced a lot of apathy on the part of school principals and administrators. This paper provided a concise account of professional counselling in Nigerian secondary school system with its status, problems and prospects. Prominent among the concerns of this profession in Nigerian school system are; the due recognition of its relevance in the education system, the need for its legal coverage (code of conduct) of the profession and the training of members on modern techniques and skills that are technology based in the 21st century. This is predicated on the premise that effective professional counselling is dependent on knowledge and skills capable of assisting an individual to overcome negative attitude towards personal growth.
THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL AUDIO-TEXT AND AUDIO-VISUAL INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA ON LEARNING OF CULTURAL AND CREATIVE ARTS AMONG JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Mbaba Awajiokinor Ekrika , Jimoh Abiodun , Bakori Garba Mohammed
Published: July 2019

The study evaluated students’ interest on the use of   digital text-audio and audio-video in teaching Cultural and Creative Arts. The study was carried out in Andoni Education Zone of Rivers State among Junior Secondary Schools. The research design adopted for the study was quasi-experimental.  A total of 183 Junior Secondary two (JSS II) CCA students were sampled from the population of 2118 for the study. The sampled size is made up of 99 males and 84 females. Digital text-audio and audio-video instructional packages were used to present lessons to students in six weeks. A 15-item questionnaire was used in collecting data. Data collected for answering research questions and testing hypotheses were analysed using mean, standard deviation and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) respectively. The results showed that both digital text-audio and audio-video instructional packages improved students’ interest. The authors recommend that governments should improve infrastructure in schools to enhance effective use of technology in the classroom.
SEXUAL ABUSE OF THE GIRL CHILD IN PUBLIC SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN OVIA NORTH - EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Kennedy Imasuen , Iyamu Florence Ikponmwen
Published: July 2019

The incessant abuse of the female students by their male counterparts including teachers has reached an alarming rate. This has led to many of them dropping out of school either as a result of unwanted pregnancy or psychological trauma.  This study examined the prevalence of sexual abuse of the girl child in public senior secondary school in Ovia North - East Local Government, Edo State. Survey design was used for the study. Three hundred and sixty students from 12 public schools in Ovia North - East Local Government Area of Edo State formed the sample. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from the students. Ranking and descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation and mean deviation were used to analyze the data. The result showed that intimate fondling ranked first among the types of abuse the girl child was subjected to. It also revealed that thegirl child was more abused than their male counterpart. It was recommended, among other things, that offenders should be punished in accordance with the law so as to reduce cases of sexual abuse. In addition, counseling units should be provided in each school that will address issues of sexual abuse.
Obstacles Facing Saudi Exporters of Non-Oil Products
Authors: Duliem Al-Qahtany Mohammed
Published: July 2019

This study explores the obstacles facing Saudi exporters of non-oil
products. The sampling frame comprised 411 firms, which have been
involved in exporting for at least two years as identified by the Saudi Export
Development Center. The research has investigated twenty five obstacles
that have some relation to non-oil export products. Competition with
foreign firms was found to be the first obstacle with the highest mean of
(3.212) followed by lack of information about potential export markets with
a mean of (2.887). Moreover, with regard to the ways Saudi exporters might
overcome these obstacles, the investigations suggested to Saudi exporting
firms fifteen factors that might improve Saudi non-oil exporting products.
Risk of cardiovascular disorders in HIV patients in Indonesia: Literature Review
Authors: Fahmi Ismail -
Published: July 2019

Abstract

HIV is a major health problem in the world. HIV infection has the effect of reducing immunity status and increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Antiretroviral (ART) use as a therapy for HIV also increases the risk of heart disease. Objective: This literature review aims to identify the risk of cardiovascular disorders in HIV patients in Indonesia. Method: literature review of articles published January 2009 to September 2018 using search keywords namely 'Anti-retroviral therapy', 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Corronary artery disease', and 'HIV'. Results: There were 21 journal articles that were relevant to the design and purpose of paper and 3 articles that discussed the risk of heart disease in HIV patients in Indonesia. The results of the literature review showed that HIV patients in Indonesia are at risk of developing cardiovascular disorders which are exacerbated by the use of ART and smoking behavior. The risk of cardiovascular disease includes structural abnormalities and coronary heart disease. Conclusion: HIV patients have a high risk of developing cardiovascular disease. This is a challenge for health workers, the government and researchers, to develop appropriate strategies and methods in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disorders especially in low-middle income country countries such as Indonesia.

Keyword: Anti-retroviral therapy, cardiovascular disease, HIV, AIDS, HIV in Indonesia
Intervention to Reduce Stress Levels in People with HIV/AIDS: Literature Review
Authors: Dida Nancy Indriyani
Published: July 2019

Abstract

 

People living with HIV/AIDS experience a variety of complex problems, not only physical problems related to the condition of HIV disease, but also psychosocial problems related to HIV disclosure, stigma, social isolation and discrimination that can cause anxiety and cause high stress levels.The conditions will gave the negative impact on both physical and mental health. The negative impact of stress can lead to depression, giving rise to an attitude of non-compliance with treatment, increased risk behavior for HIV transmission and faster disease progression, which in turn will worsen the quality of life for people living with HIV/AIDS. Several studies have been conducted to found appropriate interventions to reduce stress levels in people with HIV/AIDS. This article is a literature review of several interventions to reduce stress levels in people with HIV/AIDS, included Jacobson's Progressive Muscle Relaxation (JPMR), Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Reiki therapy. Literature search was carried out from databases such as Pubmed, EBSCOhost, Scopus, Proquest, Sciene Direct, with limited years of article publication in the last 10 years (2008-2018). Based on the review, it was found that Jacobson's Progressive Muscle Relaxation (JPMR) intervention; Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, Reiki Therapy shows very significant results in decreasing stress levels in people with HIV conducted in three studies with different interventions.

Keyword: Stress, HIV/AIDS, intervention
The Effect of Traditional Music Therapy on Blood Pressure Among Elderly with Hypertension: A Literature Review
Authors: Sari Ni Luh Putu Dian Yunita , Rekawati Etty
Published: July 2019

Background: Elderly as one of vulnerable population has experienced several risk of cardiovascular system disturbance such as hypertension. Hypertension be non communicable disease most suffered elderly in some countries. Objective: This literature review aimed at describing the effect of traditional music therapy on blood pressure among elderly with hypertension. Method: This study carried out from databases such as EBSCOhost, Scopus, Pubmed, ProQuest, Science Direct and Sage with limited years of an article published in the last ten years (2008-2018). Result: Fifteen most relevant articles were extracted in this study and found that traditional music therapy provide a positive effect to decrease blood pressure’s elderly with hypertension and this finding explained clearly with Roy’s Adaptation Model. Conclusion: Traditional music therapy provides a positive effect in lowering blood pressure’s elderly with hypertension. This therapy can be given as single intervention or collaboration with other non pharmacological therapy such as calisthenics, breathing exercises, muscle relaxation, lifestyle modifications and walking-based exercise.
Early Ambulation Reduces Complication Risk After Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Massie Juliana Gracia , Herawati Tuti
Published: July 2019

Osteoarthritis is one of the degenerative health problems in the urban areas that attack many elderly people. One of the treatments of osteoarthritis is surgery to replace the damaged joint. The phenomenon occurred on many patients after the surgery for joint replacement is the lack of knowledge of the patients about the importance of early post-surgical ambulation. This paper is a case study with the aim of analyzing the benefits of early ambulation on the patients after total knee replacement at one of the Public Hospitals in Jakarta. Educating patients in the pre-operative stage of early ambulation is proven to be effective in reducing postoperative complications.

Keywords: early ambulation, osteoarthtritis,total knee replacement.
Character Education Development Pattern: Efforts to Empower School Managers
Authors: Wahyudi Arif
Published: July 2019

Character education is a good thing. In Islam, characters are identical with morality, namely the tendency of the soul to behave automatically. The righteousness that is by Islamic teachings is called the ultimate morality or noble morality. The purpose of this study was to analyze the patterns, implementation, and implications of character education in private Islamic education institutions in remote districts. The research method uses the interpretive paradigm through a qualitative approach, the type of case study. The analytical tool used is a qualitative analysis model of Miles and Huberman. The results of this study are character education patterns through habituation of habituation and habituation in learning, exemplary teacher, employees and leaders, and board administrators and a system of punishment and appreciation and communication has accommodated the ideal character education pattern. The implementation of character education has both involved the community so that the synergy between all elements and evaluations is done at the end of the year. The implications of character education on the role of parents or guardians are less significant; the perception of the people who have not changed has left all responsibilities to schools unattended outside the school.

Pendidikan karakter adalah sesuatu yang baik. Dalam Islam, karakter identik dengan akhlaq, yaitu kecenderungan jiwa untuk bersikap secara otomatis. akhlaq yang sesuai ajaran Islam disebut dengan akhlaqul karimah atau akhlaq mulia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pola, implementasi dan implikasi pendidikan karakter di lembaga pendidikan Islam swasta di daerah kabupaten terpencil. Metode penelitian menggunakan paradigma interpretif melalui pendekatan kualitatif, jenis studi kasus. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah model analisis kualitatif Miles dan Huberman. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah pola pendidikan  karakter melalui pembiasaan ubudiyah dan pembiasaan dalam pembelajaran, keteladanan guru, karyawan dan pimpinan serta pengurus pondok dan sistem hukuman dan penghargaan serta komunikasi sudah mengakomodir pola pendidikan  karakter yang ideal. Implementasi pendidikan karakter sudah baik melibatkan masyarakat sehingga sinergi antar semua elemen dan evaluasi di lakukan pada akhir tahun. Implikasi pendidikan karakter pada peran orang tua atau wali yang kurang signifikan, persepsi masyarakat yang masih belum berubah menyerahkan semua tanggung jawab ke sekolah tanpa pengawasan di luar sekolah.
Islamic Education in The Theological Perspective
Authors: Suryadi Rudi Ahmad
Published: July 2019

There is a differentiation between both Islamic and Western education. Western education has no conception of the will of God, the good pleasure of God, the design of human servitude to God, and let alone the understanding about life after death. Western view more striking on social interests alone (Humancentris) without trying to relate it to the Supreme Reality intervention. Education in Islamic perspective, mainly supported by theology, gave enlightenment to issues such as education. Islamic does not mean do not look optimal human capability, but in spite of this achievement of social progress as a result of the educational process remain in the corridor and the involvement of God's relationship. Islamic education, with a theological perspective presents an alternative conception of the development of an educational standpoint.

Terdapat perbedaan antara pendidikan Islam dan Barat. Pendidikan Barat tidak memiliki konsepsi kehendak Tuhan, kesenangan baik Tuhan, konsepsi perbudakan manusia kepada Tuhan, dan apalagi konsepsi tentang kehidupan setelah mati. Pandangan Barat lebih mengena pada kepentingan manusia saja (Humancentris) tanpa berusaha menghubungkannya dengan intervensi Realitas Tertinggi. Pendidikan dalam pandangan Islam terutama didukung oleh teologi memberi pencerahan untuk masalah-masalah pendidikan tersebut. Islam tidak berarti tidak melihat kemampuan manusia yang optimal, tetapi terlepas dari pencapaian kemajuan manusia ini sebagai hasil dari proses pendidikan tetap berada di koridor dan keterlibatan hubungan Tuhan. Pendidikan Islam dengan perspektif teologis menghadirkan konsepsi alternatif tentang perkembangan sudut pandang pendidikan.
Development of Islamic Education Curriculum Model Curriculum 2013 (K13)
Authors: Zahra Dwi Noviatul
Published: July 2019

The development of an Islamic religious education curriculum (PAI) is an activity to produce a PAI curriculum and a process that links one component to another to create a better Islamic education curriculum (PAI). The curriculum component must consist of at least four parts, namely objectives, contents, processes, and assessments. This study discusses in depth the development of the curriculum in the Indonesian curriculum for the 2013 Curriculum model. This study aims to determine the extent to which the curriculum development curriculum for the 2013 curriculum model PAI. This study uses a literature review method. Data collection is done through documentation study techniques. The results of this study indicate that the curriculum development of the 2013 curriculum in the PAI is very significant, oriented towards realizing character education, creating education with local insight and creating a cheerful and friendly culture.

Pengembangan kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) adalah kegiatan menghasilkan kurikulum PAI, dan proses yang mengkaitkan satu komponen dengan komponen yang lainya untuk menghasilkan kurikulum pendidikan agama Islam (PAI) yang lebih baik. Komponen kurikulum setidaknya harus terdiri dari empat komponen yaitu tujuan, isi, proses dan penilaian. Penelitian ini membahas secara mendalam mengenai pengembangan kurikulum PAI model Kurikulum 2013. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana  pengembangan kurikulum PAI model Kurikulum 2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kajian pustaka.Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan  pengembangan kurikulum PAI Kurikulum 2013 pada ranah ini sangat signifikan, yang berorientasi pada mewujudkan pendidikan berkarakter, menciptakan pendidikan berwawasan lokal serta menciptakan pendidikan yang ceria dan bersahabat.
Kadar Protein MMP-9 dan Skor CT Marshall pada Cedera Otak Akibat Trauma (COT) Risiko Tinggi: Efek Terapi Hipotermia Ringan (HPTr)
Authors: Wijaya Halim , . Hendra , Prasetyo Eko , Oley Maximillian Ch.
Published: July 2019

Abstract: This study was aimed to prove the effect of mild therapeutic hypothermia in patients with high-risk traumatic brain injury (TBI). Evaluation was based on classification of CT-scan result and serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) concentration. This was an experimental analytical study. Subjects were 20 patients with high-risk TBI, divided into two groups: control group and treatment group. CT Scan Marshall and serum MMP-9 examination were performed on both groups. The treatment group was treated with mild therapeutic hypothermia and showed a tendency of decreased serum MMP-9 concentration and improved CT Marshall score; albeit, they were not significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: In patients with high-risk traumatic brain injury, mild therapeutic hypothermia could decrease serum MMP-9 concentration, meanwhile its inflluence on anatomical imaging was limited and not significant. Moreover, there was no patient with worsened CT Marshall score found.Keywords: mild therapeutic hypothermia, MMP-9, CT Marshall, TBIAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan efek terapi HPTr pada penderita cedera otak akibat trauma (COT) risiko tinggi yang dievaluasi berdasarkan penilaian klasifikasi hasil CT scan dan perubahan kadar matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) serum. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental analitik. Subyek penelitian ialah 20 orang penderita COT risiko tinggi yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan hipotermia. Masing-masing kelompok dilakukan pemeriksaan CT Scan Marshall dan MMP-9. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan pada kelompok perlakuan terdapat kecenderungan penurunan kadar MMP-9 serum dan perbaikan skor CT Marshall walaupun keduanya tidak bermakna (P > 0,05). Simpulan: Perlakukan HPTr pada penderita COT risiko tinggi dapat menghambat MMP-9 serum, sedangkan pengaruhnya pada gambaran anatomis dinilai kecil dan tidak bermakna, akan tetapi tidak ditemukan pasien dengan perburukan skor CT Marshall.Kata kunci: hipotermia ringan, MMP-9, CT Marshall, COT
Gangguan Kelenjar Keringat Apokrin: Bromhidrosis dan Kromhidrosis
Authors: Setiawan Stanley , Suling Pieter L.
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Apocrine gland is one of the sweat glands in humans. This gland is considered as a gland that causes odor. Primary abnormalities in the apocrine glands are bromhidrosis and chromhidrosis. Bromhidrosis is a state of abnormal or offensive body odor due to the secretion of apocrine sweat glands lies in the armpit, scalp, soles of the feet, fingers, and genital. Chromhidrois is a fairly rare condition, characterized by the secretion of colored sweat from the pigmented apocrine glands that usually present in the armpits and face. In general, management of bromhidrosis and chromhidrosis including non-medicamentous, medica-mentous, and surgery shows satisfying result.Keywords: apocrine bromhidrosis and apocrine chromhidrosisAbstrak: Kelenjar apokrin merupakan salah satu kelenjar keringat pada manusia, dan kelenjar ini dianggap sebagai kelenjar yang menyebabkan bau badan. Kelainan primer pada kelenjar apokrin yaitu apokrin bromhidrosis dan apokrin kromhidrosis. Bromhidrosis adalah keadaan bau badan seseorang yang berlebihan dari normal akibat sekresi kelenjar keringat apokrin yang terletak di ketiak, kulit kepala, telapak kaki, sela-sela jari, dan genital. Kromhidrohis merupakan keadaan yang cukup jarang ditemukan, ditandai dengan sekresi keringat dari kelenjar apokrin yang berwarna, biasanya terdapat pada ketiak dan wajah. Secara umum penatalaksanaan bromhidrosis dan apokrin kromhidrosis meliputi nonmedikamentosa, medikamentosa, dan pembedahan memperlihatkan hasil yang memuaskan.Kata kunci: apokrin bromhidrosis, apokrin kromhidrosis
Endoftalmitis yang dinduksi penggunaan lensa kontak – Laporan kasus
Authors: Nursalim Ade J. , Poluan Herny
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Nowadays, the popularity of contact lens increases progressively, not only in refractive anomaly correction but also in fashion purposes. Albeit, among contact lens wearers, there is a tendency of the occurence of eye infection, especially the cornea. We reported a 13-year-old female that came to the Eye Departement of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado with the main complaint of blurred left eye since a week ago. Physical examination resulted in normal right eye and its visual acuity was within normal limit (6/6). Examination of the left eye resulted in visual acuity of 1/300, palpebral blepharospasm, conjunctival and ciliar injections, anterior stromal defect of 3x5 mm in the cornea, and hypopion <1mm in the anterior chamber. The ultrasound examination showed spreading aggregations and turbidity of the vitreous body. This patient was diagnosed as emmetropia of the right eye and contact-lens-induced endophthalmitis of the left eye. The therapy consisted of tobramycin, artificial tears, polyvinylpyrrolidone, vitamin C, mefenamic acid, and chlorpheniramine maleate tablet. Although there was improvement of visual acuity and clinical signs during 8-day hospitalization, the prognosis was good for ad vitam but poor for functionam and sanationam. This case indicates that education to the contact lens wearers is still needed even in this modern era.Keywords: contact lens, endophthalmitisAbstrak: Dewasa ini, lensa kontak mengalami peningkatan popularitas yang pesat, bukan saja dalam hal kelainan refraksi tetapi juga untuk keperluan mode. Pemakaian lensa kontak berisiko terjadinya infeksi pada mata, terutama kornea. Kami melaporkan seorang perempuan berusia 13 tahun, datang ke Poliklinik Ilmu Kesehatan Mata, RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado dengan keluhan pandangan mata kiri kabur sejak satu minggu lalu. Pada pemeriksaan fisik ditemukan mata kanan (OD) dalam batas normal dengan visus 6/6. Pada mata kiri (OS) didapatkan visus 1/300, blefarospasme palpebra, injeksi konjungtiva dan silier, pada kornea terdapat defek 1/3 anterior stroma dengan ukuran 3x5 mm, dan pada kamera okuli anterior terdapat hipopion setinggi <1 mm. Hasil pemeriksaan USG dari OS menunjukkan gambaran agregat yang menyebar dan kekeruhan vitreus. Pasien didiagnosis dengan emetropia okuli dekstra dan endoftalmitis okuli sinistra yang diinduksi penggunaan lensa kontak. Terapi yang diberikan ialah antibiotika tobramisin, artificial tears, polyvinylpyrrolidone, vitamin C, asam mefenamat, dan klorfeniramin maleat tablet. Pasien mengalami perbaikan visus dan gejala klinis selama delapan hari rawat inap. Prognosis pasien tergolong baik untuk prognosis ad vitam tetapi tergolong buruk untuk functionam dan sanationam. Kasus ini mengindikasikan bahwa edukasi terhadap pengguna lensa kontak tetap diperlukan dalam era modern ini.Kata kunci: lensa kontak, endoftalmitis
Updates on Food Allergy, Increasingly Prevalent Challenge
Authors: Tanus Tonny , Wangko Sunny
Published: July 2019

Abstrak: Prevalensi alergi makanan makin meningkat di seluruh dunia dan mengenai semua usia. Keparahan dan kompleksitas penyakit juga meningkat terlebih pada populasi anak. Terdapat beberapa jenis reaksi alergi yang dibahas: immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated allergies and anaphylaxis, food triggered atopic dermatitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, dan non IgE mediated gastrointestinal food allergic disorders seperti food protein induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIEs). Tes alergi, baik melalui kulit maupun IgE yang telah dikerjakan sekian lama masih dibebani dengan hasil positif palsu dan negatif palsu yang bermakna dengan manfaat terbatas pada beberapa alergi makanan. Selain menghindari, tidak terdapat terapi yang ampuh untuk alergi makanan. Berbagai imunoterapi telah dipelajari melalui jalur, subkutan, epikutan, oral dan sublingual yang hanya menghasilkan desensitisasi sementara dan dibebani dengan berbagai isu mengenai keamanannya. Agen biologik yang menghambat sitokin/interleukin (IL) dan molekul pada reaksi alergi makanan tampaknya merupakan pilihan yang menjanjikan. Anti IgE telah dipergunakan pada asma dan urtikaria kronis. Anti IL-4 dan IL-13 yang menghambat produksi IgE diindikasikan untuk dermatitis atopik. Anti eosinofil anti IL-5 berhasil menurunkan eksaserbasi asma. Berbagai agen biologik telah dipelajari untuk berbagai kondisi alergik dan imunologik, tetapi efektivitas dan kepraktisan terapi yang mahal ini untuk alergi makanan masih menjadi tanda tanya.Kata kunci: alergi makanan, reaksi alergi, terapi alergi makananAbstract: Food allergies have been increasing in prevalence for years affecting all ages. Disease severity and complexity have also increased, especially in the pediatric population. There are several types of reactions including: immunoglobulin-E (IgE) mediated allergies and anaphylaxis, food-triggered atopic dermatitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, and non IgE mediated gastrointestinal food allergic disorders such as FPIEs. Though allergy testing has been around for years, both skin and IgE testing are burdened by significant false positives and negatives, and are only useful in some food allergies. Avoidance is the sole therapy for food allergy. A variety of immunotherapies have been studied; subcutaneous, epicutaneous, oral, and sublingual. At best they only produce a temporary state of desensitization and have many safety issues. Examples of biologicals which block critical cytokines/interleukins (IL) in allergic conditions are Anti IgE, anti IL-4 and IL-13, and Anti eosinophils, Anti IL-5. Other biologicals are being studied for allergic conditions, but whether these expensive future treatments will be proven effective and practical in food allergy is unknown.Keywords: food allergy, allergic reaction, food allergy therapy
Perbandingan Efektifitas Antibiotik Ceftriaxone dan Ciprofloxacine pada Penderita Infeksi Saluran Kemih di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado
Authors: Wardhana Sasangka H. , Monoarfa Alwin , Monoarfa Richard
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common infection affecting about 40% of women in their lives. Most infections are mild, albeit, they might cause sepsis. This study was aimed to compare the effectiveness of ceftriaxone to ciprofloxacin in patients with UTIs at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. This was an observational study with a cross sectional design implemented from September 2017 until January 2018. Subjects were divided into two groups, Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial infections. Data were analyzed by using the chi-Square test. The results showed that in the Gram negative group, the significance value did not support the difference between efficacy of ciprofloxacin and of ceftriaxone (r = 0.366; P >0.05). However, in the Gram positive group, there was a significant difference (r = 0.003; P <0.05) between the efficacy of the two kinds of antibiotics. Conclusion: Ciprofloxacin was more effective compared to ceftriaxone for the treatment of Gram positive urinary tract infectionKeywords: urinary tract infection (UTI), ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacineAbstrak: Infeksi saluran kencing (ISK) merupakan infeksi tersering yang mengenai sekitar 40% dari populasi perempuan dalam hidupnya. Walaupun umumnya infeksi berlangsung ringan, ISK dapat juga menyebabkan sepsis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan efektivitas ceftriaxone dan ciprofloxacin pada pasien dengan ISK di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan sejak September 2017 sampai Januari 2018. Subyek penelitian dibagi dalam dua kelompok, ISK oleh bakteri Gram positif dan oleh Gram negatif. Data dianalisis menggunakan chi-square test. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa pada kelompok Gram negatif, tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara efektivitas ciprofloxacin dan ceftriaxone (r=0,366; P>0,05) namun pada kelompok Gram positif, terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara efektivitas kedua jenis antibiotik (r=0,003; P<0,05). Simpulan: Ciprofloxacin lebih efektif dibandingkan ceftriaxone pada pengobatan ISK yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Gram positif.Kata kunci: infeksi saluran kencing (ISK), ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacine
Perbandingan Massa Tulang Sebelum dan Sesudah Melakukan Senam Zumba pada Wanita Dewasa
Authors: Senduk Madeleine N. W. , Polii Hedison , Doda Diana V. D.
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Osteopenia commonly occurs in people over 50 years, however, several studies also showed that osteopenia affected young adults. Osteopenia can develop into osteoporosis. International Osteoporosis Foundation estimated that women in Indonesia had risk of developing osteoporosis four times greater than men. Osteopenia and osteoporosis can be prevented by physical exercise such as aerobic exercises inter alia Zumba exercise. This study was aimed to determine whether there was a difference in bone mass before and after 4-week Zumba exercise. This was an experimental study with one group pretest and posttest design conducted on 16 subjects of adult females in a fitness center in Manado, North Sulawesi. Zumba exercise was performed in 4 weeks. Bone mass before and after Zumba exercise was measured by using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). Data were analyzed with paired sample t-test. The results showed that the average of bone mass before Zumba exercise was 2.281 kg and the average of bone mass after Zumba exercise was 2.306 kg with a P value of 0.104. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in bone mass before and after 4-week Zumba exercise.Keywords: bone mass, Zumba exerciseAbstrak: Osteopenia umumnya terjadi pada orang berusia di atas 50 tahun, namun beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa osteopenia telah menyerang usia muda. Osteopenia dapat berlanjut menjadi osteoporosis. Menurut International Osteoporosis Foundation, risiko osteoporosis pada wanita di Indonesia 4 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan pria. Osteopenia dan osteoporosis dapat dicegah dengan melakukan aktivitas fisik seperti olahraga aerobik, antara lain senam Zumba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan massa tulang sebelum dan sesudah melakukan senam Zumba. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental lapangan dengan rancangan one group pretest dan posttest yang dilakukan pada 16 wanita dewasa pada salah satu pusat kebugaran di Manado, Sulawesi Utara. Senam Zumba dilaksanakan selama 4 minggu. Massa tulang sebelum dan sesudah senam Zumba diukur menggunakan Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). Uji statistik dilakukan menggunakan uji t berpasangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata massa tulang sebelum senam Zumba 2,281 kg dan rerata massa tulang sesudah senam Zumba selama 4 minggu 2,306 kg dengan nilai P=0,104. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara massa tulang sebelum dan sesudah melakukan senam Zumba selama 4 minggu.Kata kunci: massa tulang, senam Zumba
Problems in managing eclampsia
Authors: Wantania John
Published: July 2019

Abstrak: Eklamsia masih merupakan masalah penting akibat tingginya morbiditas dan mortalitas. Penanganan yang tertunda biasanya berawal dari deteksi dan rujukan yang terlambat akibat variasi karaktetristik yang luas dari preeklamsia dan terdapatnya berbagai teori mengenai patomekanismenya. Masalah tambahan sering menyertai terminasi kehamilan, pemakaian obat antikonvulsan dan antihipertensi, keluaran perinatal, dan follow-up pasca kelahiran. Penanganan eklamsia yang kompleks memerlukan penatalaksanaan yang komprehensif dan terintegrasi.Kata kunci: penanganan eklamsia, masalahAbstract: Eclampsia is still an important problem due to its high morbidity & mortality. Delayed management usually starts from late detection and referring due to the wide characteristic variation of preeclampsia and various pathomechanism theories. Additional problems often associated with termination of pregnancy, use of anticonvulsant and antihypertensive drugs, perinatal outcome, as well as post partum follow-up. Managing eclampsia is still complicated and needs a comprehensive and integrative management.Keywords: managing eclampsia, problems
PENGARUH TERBENTUKNYA UNSRAT MENJADI BADAN LAYANAN UMUM (BLU) TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENERIMAAN NEGARA BUKAN PAJAK (PNBP)
Authors: Kondoy Asri Imelda , Rumate Vekie A. , Walewangko Een N.
Published: July 2019

ABSTRAK Untuk mencapai tujuannya maka kinerja organisasi harus lebih ditingkatkan. Kinerja adalah gambaran mengenai tingkat pencapaian pelaksanaan suatu kegiatan/program/kebijakan dalam mewujudkan sasaran, tujuan, misi, dan visi organisasi yang tertuang dalam strategic planning suatu organisasi. Perubahan Universitas menjadi BLU menjadi hal yang sangat perlu diperhatikan. Tujuan penelitian  ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh terbentuknya Unsrat menjadi Badan Layanan Umum terhadap Peningkatan Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak (PNBP). Jenis Penelitian menggunakan penelitian assosiatif. Teknik analisis data menggunakan regresi linier berganda dan uji hipotesis t. hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Secara parsial Terbantuknya Unsrat menjadi BLU tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap PNBP di Unsrat. Hal tersebut dikarenakan Unsrat baru menjadi BLU dalam 3 tahun terakhir sehingga tingkat dan proses pengelolaan masih merupakan transfomasi dari pengelolaan yang lama.  Kata kunci: BLU, penerimaan Negara bukan pajak  ABSTRACT To achieve its objectives, organizational performance must be improved. Performance is a description of the level of achievement of an activity / program / policy in realizing the goals, objectives, mission, and vision of the organization contained in the strategic planning of an organization. Changes in the University to BLU become a matter that really needs attention. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the formation of Unsrat into a Public Service Agency for Increasing Non-Tax State Revenues (PNBP). This type of research uses associative research. Data analysis techniques using multiple linear regression and hypothesis testing t. The results of the study showed that partially collapsing Unsrat into BLU did not significantly influence PNBP in Unsrat. This is because Unsrat has only become BLU in the last 3 years so that the level and process of management is still a transformation from the old management. Keywords: BLU, non-tax state revenue
Enfeksiyöz Nekrotik Hepatitis Aşısının Üretiminde Poli (D, L-Laktik-Ko-Glikolik Asit) (PLGA) Biyopolimerinin Adjuvant Etkisinin Araştırılması
Authors: AKINCI Zehra , KALENDER Hakan
Published: July 2019

Bu
çalışmada, koyunların enfeksiyöz nekrotik hepatitis hastalığına karşı alüminyum
hidroksit ve poli (D, L-Laktik-Ko-Glikolik Asit) (PLGA) adjuvantları
kullanılarak üretilen aşıların kobaylarda oluşturduğu bağışıklık düzeyleri
karşılaştırıldı. Clostridium novyi tip
A kültürünün formol ile inaktivasyonundan sonra, alüminyum hidrokside adsorbe
edilmiş ve çift emülsiyon çözücü buharlaştırma yöntemi uygulanarak PLGA
(laktid/glikolid oranı: (50/50), moleküler ağırlık: 30.000-60.000 dalton) ile
enkapsüle edilmiş antjen içeren iki farklı toksoid aşı hazırlandı. Aşıların
oluşturduğu bağışıklık düzeyini belirlemek için 5-6 aylık ve ağırlıkları
400-500 gram olan erkek kobaylar kullanıldı. Her biri 10 kobaydan oluşan 3 grup
oluşturuldu. Birinci gruptakilere 21 gün arayla çift doz (2 ml+2ml) alüminyum
hidroksitli aşı, ikinci gruptakilere PLGA mikrosferli aşı tek doz (2 ml) ve
üçüncü gruptakilere PLGA mikrosferli aşı yarım doz (1ml) derialtı yolla
verildi. Birinci gruptaki kobaylardan rapel aşılamadan, ikinci ve üçüncü
gruptaki kobaylardan tek doz aşılamadan sonraki 15, 30 ve 45. günlerde kalpten kan
örnekleri alınarak havuzlanmış serum örnekleri elde edildi. Kan serumlarındaki
antikor düzeyi fare Toksin Nötralizasyon Test (TNT) ile belirlendi. Tek doz
mikrosferli aşı ile çift doz alüminyum hidroksitli aşı uygulamalarından sonraki
 30. ve 45. günlerde aynı düzeyde antikor
(8 IU/ml) saptandı. Ancak 15. günde çift doz alüminyum hidroksitli aşının
antikor düzeyi 4 IU/ml iken, tek doz PLGA mikrosferli aşının antitor düzeyi 2
IU/ml olarak bulundu. Yarım doz PLGA mikrosferli aşı verilen kobaylarda yeterli
düzeyde (antikor titresi˂2.5 IU/ml) bağışıklık elde edilemedi. Sonuç olarak,  tek dozlu veteriner aşıların geliştirilmesi
amacıyla  farklı polimer tipi ve
enkapsulasyon yöntemleri kullanılarak daha geniş kapsamlı çalışmaların
yapılması gerekmektedir.
Borrelia burgdorferi ile doğal enfekte köpeklerin nötrofil-lenfosit, monosit-lenfosit ve platelet-lenfosit oranlarının belirlenmesi
Authors: ÇAKIR Kübra , PEKMEZCİ Didem
Published: July 2019

Lyme
hastalığı ya da Borreliozis; Borrelia
burgdorferi adlı spiroket şekilli bir bakterinin neden olduğu, dünyada köpeklerde
ve insanlarda yaygın olarak görülen, başlıca Ixodes cinsi kenelerle bulaşan, kalp, eklemler ve sinir sisteminde
bozukluklarla karakterize ve kronikleşebilen enfeksiyöz bir hastalıktır. Günümüzde
sistemik inflamatuar yanıtın komplementleri olarak nötrofil-lenfosit oranı
(NLO), monosit-lenfosit oranı (MLO) ve platalet-lenfosit oranı (PLO) birçok
hastalık prognozunun değerlendirilmesi ve prediktif parametreler olarak
kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmadaki
amacımız ise ilk defa kronik bir inflamasyona neden olan B. burgdorferi’i yönünden doğal enfekte seropozitif köpekler ile
seronegatif köpeklerin tedavi öncesi başüstü parametreleri olan nötrofil
(NEU), NLO, lenfosit (LYM),
monosit (MONO), MLO, platalet (PLT) ve PLO değerlerinin karşılaştırılmasıdır. Yirmi dört adet sahipli köpekten
tedavi öncesi alınan tam kan ve serum örnekleri çalışma materyalini
oluşturmuştur. Serum örneklerinin B.
burgdorferi’ye karşı oluşan IgG antikor yanıtı ELISA yöntemi ile
belirlenmiştir. Sonrasında bu 7 adet seropozitif örnek Western Blot yöntemi ile
doğrulanmıştır. Gruplar arası NEU, NLO, MONO, MLO, PLT ve PLO değerleri
karşılaştırılmış ancak, istatiksel bir fark bulunamamıştır. Sonuç olarak lyme
hastalığı yönünden seropozitif köpekler ile seronegatif köpeklerin ilk kez NLO,
MLO, ve PLO değerlerinin karşılaştırıldığı mevcut çalışma ile uygulaması kolay
ve düşük maliyetli sistemik inflamasyon belirteçlerinin veteriner pratikteki
kullanımlarının genişletilmesi yönündeki gerçekleştirilecek çalışmalara katkı
sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
The Investigation of Cell Adhesion Molecules in the Lung Tissues of Cattle with Cystic Echinococcosis
Authors: YAVUZ Orhan , DİNÇEL Güngör Çağdaş , GÖKPINAR Sami , HAYDARDEDEOĞLU Ali Evren
Published: July 2019

Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution caused by Echinococcus granulosus, represents a substantial global health problem. Hydatid cyst (Echinococcus) has a remarkable negative effect on the health of people and the economic development of the country. The objective of this study was to investigate the CD68, nicotinamide nucleotide adenylyltransferase 3 (NMNAT 3), Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) and Neuregulin 2 (NRG2) expres-sions in bovine lungs infected with E. granulosus and to identify whether they have any correlation with pulmonary pathology. For this purpose, 30 bovine lung tissues were used between January 2016 and December 2016 collected in Kırıkkale  slaughterhouse.  In  histopathologic  examinations,  proliferation  of  fibrous  connective  tissue  and  infiltration of mononuclear cells were detected in the lung tissues of the bovine. Most of the cysts were seen to be quite thick capsule. There was also a cellular line rich in abundant fibroblasts and mononuclear cells. The cyst wall was found to be an eosinophilic laminar structure. There was infiltration with lymphocytes and macrophages, especially eosinophils and giant cells. Immunohistochemically, CD68 positivity was seen around the bronchi, bronchioles and cystic matter. However; NMNAT 3, NRG1 and NRG2 showed no positive reactions in macrophages, bronchi, bronchioles and alveo-lar epithelium. These results indicate that NMNAT 3, NRG1 and NRG2 pathways were not used in pulmonary pathol-ogy. Therefore, it is the most important result of the study that the adhesion molecules in pulmonary pathology are not originating from NMNAT 3, NRG1 and NRG2.
Aydın İlinde Tüketime Sunulan Çöp Şişlerin Mikrobiyolojik Kalitesinin İncelenmesi
Authors: DEMİRPENÇE Hilal , BEYAZ Devrim , SAVAŞAN Sadık
Published: July 2019

 Bu çalışmada, yaz ve kış dönemlerinde Aydın ilinde çeşitli restoranlardan toplanan 100 adet çöp şiş örneği mik-robiyolojik özellikleri bakımından incelenmiştir. Mikrobiyolojik analizler sonucunda TMACB sayıları değerlendirildi-ğinde kış mevsiminde 4.14-7.12 log kob/g arasında ve ortalama 5.53 log kob/g olarak bulunmuştur. Yaz mevsiminde ise, 4.50-7.81 log kob/g arasında ve ortalama 6.33 log kob/g olarak saptanmıştır. Çöp şişlerden elde edilen Staphylococcus aureus sayıları değerlendirildiğinde; kış ayında <2 ile 5.81 log kob/g arasında ve ortalama olarak 5.04 log kob/g, yaz ayında ise <2 ile 6.07 log kob/g arasında ve ortalama 4.80 log kob/g olarak bulunmuştur. Kış ayında 50 adet çöp şiş örneğinin 16 tanesinde (% 32), yaz ayında 50 adet çöp şiş örneğinin 30 tanesinde (% 60) S. aureus tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmadaki koliform bakteri sayıları incelendiğinde ise, belirlenen dilüsyon oranlarında yaz mevsiminde 2-6.23 log kob/g sayıları arasında ve ortalama olarak 4.83 log kob/g olarak, kış mevsiminde <2-5.21 log kob/g arasında ve ortalama 3.93 log kob/g olarak bulunmuştur. E. coli sayıları değerlendirildiğinde ise, yaz döneminde minimum <2, maksimum 4.51 log kob/g ortalama 3.65 log kob/g olarak tespit edilmiştir. Maya küf sayıları değerlendirildiğinde yaz ayında 2.84-6.19 log kob/g aralığında ve ortalama 4.88 log kob/g, kış ayında ise <2-5.54 log kob/g aralığında ortalama olarak 4.47 log kob/g olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte yaz ayında 50 numunenin 6 tanesinde (% 12), kış ayında ise 50 numunenin 1 tanesinde (% 2) Salmonella spp. varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonucunda çöp şiş örneklerinin üretimi esnasında, kırmızı etin kesiminden tüketime gelinceye kadar hijyenik koşullara yeterince uyulmaması sebebiyle mikrobiyolojik kriterlerin genel olarak yetersiz olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çöp şiş örneklerinde gıda enfeksiyonlarına sebep olan S. aureus, Salmonella spp. ve koliform grubu bakterilerin bulunması halk sağlığı açısından risk teşkil etmektedir. 
Erken Olgunlaşma Dönemindeki Geleneksel Peynir Mikrobiyomunun Metagenomik Analizi
Authors: SAVAŞAN Sadık , BEYAZ Devrim
Published: July 2019

Bu araştırmada, dağ köylerinde çiğ koyun sütünden üretilen geleneksel peynirlerin erken olgunlaşma döneminde alınan örneklerinin yeni nesil sekanslama ve metagenomik analiz ile mikrobiyotaları saptanmıştır. Firmicutes ortalama %91,5 ile en yoğun filum olarak bulunurken, Actinobacteria en seyrek filum olarak (%0,01) bulundu. Peynir örnekle-rinin metagenomik analizi sonucunda 25 cins belirlenirken bunlardan 23’ü tüm örneklerde ortak olarak bulundu. Cins düzeyinde en yüksek çeşitlilik 13 cins ile Enterobacteriaceae familyası içinde görüldü. Tüm örneklerde en baskın tür Lactococcuc lactis (ort.%84) olarak belirlendi. Tüm türler referans genlere %99’un üzerinde homoloji gösterdi. 
Laboratuvar Hayvanlarında Ötenazi Yöntemleri
Authors: GÖKMEN Sedat , PEHLİVAN Aylin , AKSOY Abdurrahman
Published: July 2019

Ötenazi; hayvanlarda acı, korku ve sıkıntıya sebep olmadan, insancıl bir şekilde hayatı sonlandırma eylemidir. Laboratuvar hayvanları, çeşitli kimyasal, aşı, ilaç ve gıda katkı maddeleri gibi ürünlerin sağlık üzerindeki potansiyel etkilerini  değerlendirmek  için  yapılan  araştırmalarda  kullanılmaktadır.  Bu  araştırmaların  sonunda  en  çok  uygulanan işlemlerden biri de ötenazidir. Laboratuvar hayvanlarının ötenazisinde kullanılan yöntemler kimyasal ve fiziksel olmak üzere ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Bu derlemede, laboratuvar hayvanlarında uygulanan ötenazinin tarihçesi, etik ilişkisi, etki mekanizması, kalıntıların ortadan kaldırılması ve yöntemleri hakkında bilgi verilmiştir.
Antiviral İlaçlar
Authors: KÜÇÜK Ali , YILDIRIM Yakup
Published: July 2019

Tarih boyunca viral hastalıklar epidemiler veya pandemiler meydana getirerek, insanoğlunu ve onunla etkileşim halinde olan tüm canlıların yaşamını tehdit etmiştir. Milyonlarca canlının ölümüne veya itlafına yol açan bu salgınlar, korunma ve tedavi gereksinimlerini de beraberlerinde getirmiştir. Yirminci yüzyılın başlarında gelişmeye başlayan tek-noloji ve sağlık imkanları, viral hastalıkların sağaltımı üzerinde araştırmalar ve çalışmalar yapılmasına olanak sağlamış-tır. Yapılan bu derlemede, insan ve hayvan sağlığını tehdit eden viral enfeksiyonların tedavisinde kullanılmak amacıyla geliştirilen antiviral ajanlar hakkında bilgi verilmiştir.
Analysis and Modeling of the Multi-wavelength Observations of the Luminous GRB 190114C
Authors: Fraija N. , Dichiara S. , Pedreira A. C. Caligula do E. S. , Galvan-Gamez A. , Becerra R. L. , Duran R. Barniol , Zhang B. B.
Published: July 2019

Very-high-energy (VHE; ≥ 10 GeV) photons are expected from the nearest and brightest gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). VHE photons, at energies higher than 300 GeV, were recently reported by the MAGIC Collaboration for this burst. Immediately, GRB 190114C was followed up by a massive observational campaign covering a large fraction of the electromagnetic spectrum. In this Letter, we obtain the Large Area Telescope (LAT) light curve of GRB 190114C and show that it exhibits similar features to other bright LAT-detected bursts; the first high-energy photon (≥100 MeV) is delayed with the onset of the prompt phase and the flux light curve exhibits a long-lasting emission (much longer than the prompt phase) and a short-lasting bright peak (located at the beginning of long-lasting emission). Analyzing the multi-wavelength observations, we show that the short-lasting LAT and Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor bright peaks are consistent with the synchrotron self-Compton reverse-shock model, and that the long-lasting observations are consistent with the standard synchrotron forward-shock model that evolves from a stratified stellar-wind–like medium to a uniform interstellar-medium–like medium. Given the best-fit values, a bright optical flash produced by synchrotron reverse-shock emission is expected. From our analysis we infer that the high-energy photons are produced in the deceleration phase of the outflow, and some additional processes to synchrotron in the forward shocks should be considered to properly describe the LAT photons with energies beyond the synchrotron limit. Moreover, we claim that an outflow endowed with magnetic fields could describe the polarization and properties exhibited in the light curve of GRB 190114C.
Marketing et communication politique
Authors: Dosquet Frédéric
Published: July 2019

Ce chapitre « Comportement des électeurs et persuasion électorale » se propose de présenter les théories permettant de mieux comprendre le choix électoral ainsi que les facteurs d’influence de celui-ci, parmi lesquels la communication. De nombreux travaux issus de multiples disciplines sont ici regroupés en deux parties. Ceux qui se basent sur la sociologie le sont dans un premier temps. Puis, dans un deuxième, ceux qui privilégient comme semble l’indiquer la tendance actuelle du marketing politique, la psychologie. Ces travaux, qu’ils se rejoignent ou s’opposent, sont complémentaires et permettent au lecteur de mieux appréhender la complexité de cet acte, qui, si rapide soit-il dans l’isoloir, n’en n’est pas moins le fruit d’un processus aux contours encore incertains. Cette incertitude est paradoxalement une opportunité pour les chercheurs qui, loin d’avoir écumé la matière, ont devant eux des perspectives de travail notamment avec l’apport actuel des neurosciences 1 . Du côté des praticiens, cette incertitude pèse. Au vu des investissements considérables dédiés à la communication politique, il serait opportun de mieux rentabiliser les efforts fournis. Enfin, du côté des démocrates, ne pas savoir exactement comment fonctionne l’électeur est sans doute la garantie de la pérennité de la liberté et l’éloignement d’une manipulation « scientifique ». À la croisée des pouvoirs et de l’action, les sciences politiques et de gestion permettent donc dans l’union de leur champ respectif, d’améliorer la connaissance.