bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gene Expression Profile of Human Cytokines in Response to Burkholderia pseudomallei Infection
Authors: Krishnananthasivam Shivankari , Sathkumara Harindra Darshana , Corea Enoka , Natesan Mohan , De Silva Aruna Dharshan
Published: April 2017

Melioidosis is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by a soil-associated Gram-negative bacterium,B. pseudomallei. Melioidosis is endemic in Southeast Asia and northern Australia; however, the global distribution ofB. pseudomalleiand the disease burden of melioidosisis are still poorly understood. Melioidosis is difficult to treat, asB. pseudomalleiis intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics and requires a long course of antibiotic treatment. The mortality rates remain high in areas of endemicity, with reoccurrence being common. Therefore, it is imperative to diagnose the disease at an early stage and provide vital clinical care to reduce the mortality rate. With limitations in treatment and lack of a vaccine, it is crucial to study the immune response mechanisms to this infection to get a better understanding of disease susceptibility and pathogenesis. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the gene expression levels of important cytokines to establish useful correlations for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
Trading Accuracy for Energy in Stochastic Circuit Design
Authors: Alaghi Armin , Chan Wei-Ting J. , Hayes John P. , Kahng Andrew B. , Li Jiajia
Published: April 2017

As we approach the limits of traditional Moore’s-Law scaling, alternative computing techniques that consume energy more efficiently become attractive. Stochastic computing (SC), as a re-emerging computing technique, is a low-cost and error-tolerant alternative to conventional binary circuits in several important applications such as image processing and communications. SC allows a natural accuracy-energy tradeoff that has been exploited in the past. This article presents an accuracy-energy tradeoff technique for SC circuits that reduces their energy consumption with virtually no accuracy loss. To this end, we employ voltage or frequency scaling, which normally reduce energy consumption at the cost of timing errors. Then we show that due to their inherent error tolerance, SC circuits operate satisfactorily without significant accuracy loss even with aggressive scaling. This significantly improves their energy efficiency. In contrast, conventional binary circuits quickly fail as the supply voltage decreases. To find the most energy-efficient operating point of an SC circuit, we propose an error estimation method that allows us to quickly explore the circuit’s design space. The error estimation method is based on Markov chain and least-squares regression. Furthermore, we investigate opportunities to optimize SC circuits under such aggressive scaling. We find that logical and physical design techniques can be combined to significantly expand the already-powerful accuracy-energy tradeoff possibilities of SC. In particular, we demonstrate that careful adjustment of path delays can lead to significant error reduction under voltage and frequency scaling. We perform buffer insertion and route detouring to achieve more balanced path delays. These techniques differ from conventional path-balancing techniques whose goal is to minimize power consumption by resizing the non-critical paths. The goal of our path-balancing approach is to increase error cancellation chances in voltage-/frequency-scaled SC circuits. Our circuit optimization comprehends the tradeoff between power overheads due to inserted buffers and wires versus the energy reduction from supply voltage downscaling enabled by more balanced path delays. Simulation results show that our optimized SC circuits can tolerate aggressive voltage scaling with no significant signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) degradation. In one example, a 40% supply voltage reduction (1V to 0.6V) on the SC circuit leads to 66% energy saving (20.7pJ to 6.9pJ) and makes it more efficient than its conventional binary counterpart. In the same example, a 100% frequency boosting (400ps to 200ps) of the optimized circuits leads to no significant SNR degradation. We also show that process variation and temperature variation have limited impact on optimized SC circuits. The error change is less than 5% when temperature changes by 100°C or process condition changes from worst case to best case.
Design of Approximate Compressors for Multiplication
Authors: Gorantla Anusha , P Deepa
Published: April 2017

Approximate computing is a promising technique for energy-efficient Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) system design. It is best suited for error-resilient applications such as signal processing and multimedia. Approximate computing reduces accuracy but still provides significant and faster results with lower power consumption. This is attractive to arithmetic circuits. In this article, various novel design approaches of approximate 4-2 and 5-2 compressors have been proposed for reduction of the partial product stages in multiplication. Three approximate 8 × 8 Dadda multiplier designs using three novel approximate 4-2 compressors and two approximate 8 × 8 Dadda multiplier designs using two novel approximate 5-2 compressors have proposed. The synthesis results show that the proposed designs achieved significant accuracy improvement together with power and delay reductions compared to the existing approximate designs.
Approximate Holistic Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Li Ji , Cheng Siyao , Cai Zhipeng , Yu Jiguo , Wang Chaokun , Li Yingshu
Published: April 2017

Holistic aggregations are popular queries for users to obtain detailed summary information from Wireless Sensor Networks. An aggregation operation is holistic if there is no constant bound on the size of the storage needed to describe a sub-aggregation. Since holistic aggregation cannot be distributable, it requires that all the sensory data should be sent to the sink in order to obtain the exact holistic aggregation results, which costs lots of energy. However, in most applications, exact holistic aggregation results are not necessary; instead, approximate results are acceptable. To save energy as much as possible, we study the approximated holistic aggregation algorithms based on uniform sampling. In this article, four holistic aggregation operations, frequency, distinct-count, rank, and quantile, are investigated. The mathematical methods to construct their estimators and determine optional sample size are proposed, and the correctness of these methods are proved. Four corresponding distributed holistic algorithms to derive (ϵ, δ)-approximate aggregation results are given. The solid theoretical analysis and extensive simulation results show that all the proposed algorithms have high performance on the aspects of accuracy and energy consumption.
The Fascinating and Complex Dynamics of Geyser Eruptions
Authors: Hurwitz Shaul , Manga Michael
Published: April 2017

Geysers episodically erupt liquid and vapor. Despite two centuries of scientific study, basic questions persist—why do geysers exist? What determines eruption intervals, durations, and heights? What initiates eruptions? Through monitoring eruption intervals, analyzing geophysical data, taking measurements within geyser conduits, performing numerical simulations, and constructing laboratory models, some of these questions have been addressed. Geysers are uncommon because they require a combination of abundant water recharge, magmatism, and rhyolite flows to supply heat and silica, and large fractures and cavities overlain by low-permeability materials to trap rising multiphase and multicomponent fluids. Eruptions are driven by the conversion of thermal to kinetic energy during decompression. Larger and deeper cavities permit larger eruptions and promote regularity by isolating water from weather variations. The ejection velocity may be limited by the speed of sound of the liquid + vapor mixture.
Magnesium improves cisplatin-mediated tumor killing while protecting against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity
Authors: Kumar Gopal , Solanki Malvika H. , Xue Xiangying , Mintz Rachel , Madankumar Swati , Chatterjee Prodyot K. , Metz Christine N.
Published: April 2017

Approximately 30% of all cancer patients treated with cisplatin, a widely used broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic agent, experience acute kidney injury (AKI). Almost all patients receiving cisplatin have magnesium (Mg) losses, which are proposed to aggravate AKI. Currently, there are no methods to successfully treat or prevent cisplatin-AKI. Whereas Mg supplementation has been shown to reduce AKI in experimental models and several small clinical trials, the effects of Mg status on tumor outcomes in immunocompetent tumor-bearing mice and humans have not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to further examine the effects of Mg deficiency (±Mg supplementation) on cisplatin-mediated AKI and tumor killing in immunocompetent mice bearing CT26 colon tumors. Using a model where cisplatin alone (20 mg/kg cumulative dose) produced minimal kidney injury, Mg deficiency significantly worsened cisplatin-mediated AKI, as determined by biochemical markers (blood urea nitrogen and plasma creatinine) and histological renal changes, as well as markers of renal oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. By contrast, Mg supplementation blocked cisplatin-induced kidney injury. Using LLC-PK1renal epithelial cells, we observed that Mg deficiency or inhibition of Mg uptake significantly enhanced cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity, whereas Mg supplementation protected against cytotoxicity. However, neither Mg deficiency nor inhibition of Mg uptake impaired cisplatin-mediated killing of CT26 tumor cells in vitro. Mg deficiency was associated with significantly larger CT26 tumors in BALB/c mice when compared with normal-fed control mice, and Mg deficiency significantly reduced cisplatin-mediated tumor killing in vivo. Finally, Mg supplementation did not compromise cisplatin’s anti-tumor efficacy in vivo.
Editorial
Authors: Almeida Marco Antonio De
Published: April 2017

InCID: Revista de Ciência da Informação e Documentação, Ribeirão Preto, v. 8, n. 1, mar./ago. 2017
Arquivistas e Museólogos: uma reflexão crítica sobre o posicionamento destes profissionais na Classificação Brasileira de Ocupações
Authors: Crivellari Helena Maria Tarchi , Alves Thiara dos Santos , Frota Maria Guiomar da Cunha
Published: April 2017

Este artigo apresenta resultados preliminares de pesquisa em andamento, que tem por objetivo contribuir para uma reflexão crítica sobre o posicionamento dos profissionais Arquivistas e Museólogos na Classificação Brasileira de Ocupações.  A pesquisa foi feita através de levantamento bibliográfico e documental e parte do seguinte questionamento: qual é o posicionamento dos profissionais Arquivistas e Museólogos na Classificação Brasileira de Ocupações?  A relevância desse artigo consiste na escassez de pesquisas sobre a Família ocupacional “Arquivistas e Museólogos” e sobre o mercado de trabalho destes profissionais; além de contribuir com apontamentos para uma possível atualização e revisão de parte do documento da Classificação Brasileira de Ocupações. O artigo contextualiza a formação e organização profissional do Arquivista e do Museólogo no Brasil; apresenta o histórico da Classificação Brasileira de Ocupações; em seguida, situa o Arquivista e o Museólogo na Classificação Brasileira de Ocupações; depois, exemplifica o uso da Classificação Brasileira de Ocupações na Relação Anual de Informações Sociais. Por fim, encerra-se com uma conclusão parcial que pretende colaborar para reflexões sobre: as classificações de ocupação; a dificuldade de viabilizar propostas de políticas públicas de formação e emprego de Arquivistas e Museólogos; possíveis aspectos a respeito do emprego do Arquivista e do Museólogo; as políticas microinstitucionais de descrição de cargos nos editais de concurso público.
Two new records of species of Leptochela Stimpson, 1860 (Decapoda, Caridea, Pasiphaeidae) from China
Authors: Wang Yaqin , Gan Zhibin , Li Xinzheng
Published: April 2017

Two pasiphaeid shrimps, Leptochela (Leptochela) irrobusta Chace, 1976 and Leptochela (Leptochela) chacei Hayashi, 1995, were collected in samples from the South China Sea, marking the first time these species have been found in Chinese waters and thus as Chinese fauna. These two pasiphaeid species belong to the genus Leptochela Stimpson, 1860. L. (L.) chacei was previously known to be distributed in tropical regions: Viet-Nam, New Caledonia and Madagascar. This paper represents its first record from a temperate zone, which is unusual for its habitation. These two species are redescribed in detail and their current zoogeographical distributions are discussed. In addition to these two species, five species of Leptochela have previously been recorded from China. We used these species to provide a key to the Leptochela species from China.
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations
Authors: Phan Hao Duy
Published: April 2017

This article investigates how asean acquires its international legal personality and exercises its treaty-making capacity. It, first, traces the evolution of asean’s international legal personality and treaty-making practice in three successive periods in asean’s pre-Charter development from 1967 until 2007. It then examines the formal conferral of asean’s legal personality in 2007; analyses the content and implications of the 2011 Rules of Procedure for the Conclusion of International Agreements by asean; and examines asean’s treaty-making practice in the post-Charter era. It argues that asean had a limited international legal personality and treaty-making capacity even prior to the adoption of the asean Charter in 2007. While the Charter represents a critical juncture in asean’s legal evolution, asean’s exercise of its international legal personality and treaty-making capacity since then remains limited due to many institutional and procedural constraints.
Normal moveout coefficients for horizontally layered triclinic media
Authors: Koren Zvi , Ravve Igor
Published: April 2017

Sedimentary layers affected by vertical compaction and strong lateral tectonic stresses are often characterized by low anisotropic symmetry (e.g., tilted orthorhombic [TOR]/monoclinic or even triclinic). Considering all types of pure-mode and converted waves, we derive the normal moveout (NMO) series coefficients of near normal-incidence reflected waves in arbitrarily anisotropic horizontally layered media, for a leading error term of order six. The NMO series can be either a function of the invariant horizontal slowness (slowness domain) or the surface offset (offset domain). The NMO series coefficients, referred to also as effective parameters, are associated with the corresponding azimuthally varying NMO velocity functions. We distinguish between local (single-layer) and global (overburden multilayer) effective parameters, which are related by forward and inverse Dix-type transforms. We derive the local effective parameters for an arbitrary anisotropic (triclinic) layer, which is the main contribution of this paper. With some additional geologic constraints, the local effective parameters can then be converted into the interval elastic properties. To demonstrate the applicability of our method, we consider a synthetic layered model in which each layer is characterized with TOR symmetry. The corresponding global effective model loses the symmetries of the individual layers and is characterized by triclinic symmetry.
Anthropocene and Anthropogenesis: Philosophical Anthropology and the Ends of Man
Authors: Read Jason
Published: April 2017

What is the “anthropos,” humanity of the Anthropocene? In many ways this would seem to be beside the point; the point is not how humanity is defined, but charting its massive effects on the planet. However, conceptions of the Anthropocene end up answering the question of humanity, albeit obliquely. These answers end up duplicating what Jason W. Moore refers to as Cartesian dualism, placing humanity on the side of either nature or society. What the Anthropocene demands is a political anthropology that posits humanity as the intersection of nature and history. It is for this reason that Paolo Virno's conception of anthropogenesis might be a useful concept for the anthropocene, and vice versa. The Anthropocene returns us to the question of capitalism and human nature, but this theoretical déjà vu is an attempt to escape the generalized déjà vu of the end of history.
Autonomy and the Intrusion of Gaia
Authors: Stengers Isabelle
Published: April 2017

This essay argues that associating the developing climate disorder with a new geological epoch, the Anthropocene, is a trap to be resisted but that ignoring the way this disorder puts into question today's autonomy theory is not an option. The proposition to speak about an intrusion of Gaia is approached in the perspective of Félix Guattari's triple devastation, suggesting the necessity of a transversalization of anticapitalist struggles, be they “green” or “red,” and raising the question of the Marxist trust in capitalism unwittingly paving the way to socialism or to an irreversible process of collective autonomization. What capitalism has been paving the way to is a future of inhabiting ruins, and the question of autonomy cannot then be separated from that of a becoming able to regenerate destroyed practices that may make the difference between living and just surviving. Regeneration, when coupled with struggle, constitutes the very meaning of the idea of the activist practices of reclaiming, practices that should be understood not from a theoretical perspective but as an experimental art of the effects. Addressing theoreticians, the Deleuzo-Guattarian figure of the relayer is proposed as relevant when such an art is concerned. The reclaiming the commons movement is given as an example.
Literary Sentimentalism and Post-Secular Virtue
Authors: O'Connell Lisa
Published: April 2017

Recent scholarly work by Jürgen Habermas, Judith Butler, and others posits a new cultural domain that is simultaneously religious and secular. Drawing on the sermons of John Tillotson and the fiction of Henry Fielding, this paper examines literary sentimentalism in this “post-secular” light. It aims to show that sentimentalism affirmed Christian virtues such as charity and chastity, but it radically transmuted and displaced those virtues. In particular, it argues that sentimental fiction imaginatively negotiated the difficulties of practicing Christian virtue in a rapidly changing, commercial society heading into what Charles Taylor has recently called the “immanent frame.” Its heroes and heroines are best understood as virtuous Christians beset by new temptations, misunderstandings, seductions, which they generally, in the end, overcome. In this light, sentimentalism might be defined as a practice of Christian virtue without teleological ends or rewards. The rewards of virtue would appear to become virtual and immanent, available in the act of reading itself. And this is to merge religion with literature so that together they enter the logic of post-secularity.
Clamoring for Liberty: Alehouse Noise and the Political Shoemaker
Authors: Denney Peter
Published: April 2017

Sound played a crucial role in plebeian politics in the eighteenth century, with singing, shouting, clapping, and other kinds of acoustic expression conveying a range of meanings. However, historians have mostly neglected the acoustic dimensions of popular political discourse. A fruitful way of examining this issue is by focusing on the figure of the shoemaker, a character who often appears in popular culture as a noisy, irreverent, and vigorous defender of liberty. Scholars have long associated the proverbial political radicalism of shoemakers with occupational qualities such as the sedentary nature of their work. More recently, critical discussion has disclosed how this proclivity for political activity was reinforced by an aggressive masculine identity, productive of misogyny as well as sociability. Drawing on popular cultural sources, from ballads to chapbooks, this essay revises this scholarship by examining the process by which the shoemaker was depicted as the embodiment of artisan liberty, forged in the alehouse through noisy rituals of masculine conviviality. This was in contrast to the growing tendency in polite culture to propagate an ideal of quiet artisan domesticity. Opposing such an image, some radicals deployed the figure of the shoemaker to demonstrate that the ethos of noisy alehouse sociability could further artisan claims to public citizenship. In making this argument, the essay sheds new light on the role of classical republican discourse in plebeian politics, and it also reveals the acoustic aspects of popular radicalism in the late eighteenth century.
Reproductive patterns in deep versus shallow populations of the precious Mediterranean gorgonian Corallium rubrum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Sardinia, central-western Mediterranean)
Authors: PORCU C. , FOLLESA M. C. , CANNAS R. , CAU AL. , SOLDOVILLA G. , PESCI P. , CAU AN.
Published: April 2017

This study quantifies the main reproductive features of the long-lived red coral Corallium rubrum, an octocoral endemic to the Mediterranean Sea and neighboring Atlantic areas and one of the most valuable of all marine species, at different depths (38-40 m versus 96-115 m) in north-western Sardinian waters (Central-Western Mediterranean Sea). Different population structures between depths were observed with shallow colonies smaller (in basal diameter and height) than deeper ones. Both populations were all gonochoric at polyp and colony level and fertile. The sex-ratio was balanced in the deep red corals while in the shallow ones it was significantly biased towards female probably in response to perturbations such as mass mortality events more common at shallow levels. Deep and shallow colonies were found to have a synchronous female sexual products development in the two depths investigated. C. rubrum produced large female sexual products in both depth intervals in relationship with its reproductive mode, confirming a long oogenic development. In contrast to reproductive timing, the volume occupied by female sexual products per polyp was different between the populations, being higher in the deep than in the shallow populations. C. rubrum exhibited a reproductive strategy characterized by a relative low number of female sexual products per polyp revealing significant differences among the two depth ranges analyzed with a lower mean value of sexual products in the shallow colonies (mean fecundity per polyp: 1.14) than in the deeper ones (mean fecundity per polyp: 2.09). These results indicate differences in reproductive parameters such as sexual products distribution and reproductive output (fecundity) were observed between shallow and deep populations of C. rubrum, in particular within deep dwelling populations.
Effectiveness of Posidonia oceanica biotic indices for assessing the ecological status of coastal waters in Saronikos Gulf (Aegean Sea, Eastern Mediterranean)
Authors: GERAKARIS V. , PANAYOTIDIS P. , VIZZINI S. , NICOLAIDOU A. , ECONOMOU-AMILLI A.
Published: April 2017

Biotic indices are considered key assessment tools in most national and European policies aimed at improving the quality of coastal waters. At present, several Water Framework Directive (WFD)-compliant biotic indices based on the marine angiosperm Posidonia oceanica have been developed and applied in the Mediterranean Sea. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of four different P. oceanica indices (POMI, PREI, Valencian CS, and BiPo) in evaluating the ecological status of coastal waters in a case study area of Greece. The evaluation, comparison, and validation of the Ecological Status Class (ESC) assessments obtained by each index were based on a set of eight common sites that encompasses the maximum range of environmental quality in the study area. Four sampling sites separated by tens of km were chosen in each of the two water bodies (WBs) studied. The spatial variations of the features of P. oceanica meadows were examined according to a hierarchical sampling design across four spatial scales, ranging from metres to tens of km, using independent nested analysis of variance. Except for the BiPo index, the reference values for each metric/index were defined by the dataset available for the study area. All biotic indices classified the WBs of the study area in Good ESC category. Only three of the four indices (PREI, Valencian CS, and BiPo) showed high comparability in the assessment of ESC at study site level. It is assumed that the differences found in the remaining index (POMI) are due to the different type of metrics taken into consideration and the different weighting given to them. Our findings suggest that all indices can provide an overall view of the cumulative impact of multiple environmental stressors existing in the study area, and can thus help raise awareness of ecosystem degradation.
Communicative Competency As a Determining Factor of Professional Success of a Teacher (Thoughts on the Concept of the Russian Language and Literature Teaching in the Russian Federation)
Authors: Обернихина  , Obyernikhina Galina
Published: April 2017

The article considers the actual problems that are put forwards Concept of the Russian language and literature teaching in the Russian Federation: first, “degradation of the motivation of learners to reading”; second, “incomplete provision of formation of communicative competency of learners”. The author presents the determining role of the communicative and reader competencies of teachers in perfection of the teaching process, and highlights the possible ways of the communicative competency development through the development of the unified speech environment of an educational establishment.
Background and Principles of Customs Audit in the Republic Of Kazakhstan
Authors: �������  , Berezyuk V.
Published: April 2017

Until recently, some leading economists considered revision as the main form of fi nancial control. At the same

time in the world practice there is such form of control, as the state audit, which joins the fi nancial audit, performance

audit and, in our opinion, the customs audit. Th e article considers problems of formation and development of the customs

audit in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Geografía del cáncer de mama
Authors: Castrezana Campos María Del Rocío
Published: April 2017

Esta investigación se orientó a localizar y cartografiar las regiones geográficas dónde se han presentado con mayor incidencia los casos de cáncer de mama entre la población femenina de México. Se analizaron los factores geográficos predominantes para establecer si la relación entre estos y los diferentes aspectos ambientales pueden condicionar la presencia y el desarrollo de dicha neoplasia. La delimitación se sustentó en el análisis de las estadísticas de las tasas de mortalidad y morbilidad a partir del año 2000. Esto permitió seleccionar ciento veinte municipios donde constantemente se han incrementado los valores de estas variables. En los municipios objetivo se revisó el comportamiento de las variables elegidas: aguas superficiales contaminadas, aguas subterráneas contaminadas (acuíferos), suelos contaminados, afectación de la calidad del aire por la actividad de las plantas termoeléctricas y de la industria contaminante. La metodología se basó en el análisis espacial y estadístico de las variables señaladas, completándose con la aplicación de los modelos de regresión múltiple en los municipios de ocurrencia, considerando los datos estadísticos de cáncer de mama y de las variables seleccionadas, resultando positiva esta relación en tres de las variables del estudio: industrias, acuíferos y suelos contaminados, por lo que se concluye que la conjunción de diversos factores contaminantes en un mismo lugar dan como resultado un presencia más acentuada de esta enfermedad en espacios específicos de México, lo que puede ayudar a focalizar la aplicación de políticas públicas para la prevención y atención de este padecimiento.
Integration von ökologischem Wissen in die Raumplanung - Das Beispiel Alpweiden im Glarnerland
Authors: Müller Priska , Güsewell Sabine , Tanner Karl Martin
Published: April 2017

Only by integrating ecological knowlegde can spatial planning become more sustainable. The case study identifies the kind of ecological knowledge necessary for a succesful integration. The main methodological issue appears to be the different spatial scales at which the two disciplines -
ecology and planning - work. Methods available for grassland mostly scale up from small-scale research in ecology to larger scales in planning. For alpine pastures, we suggest a new method by subdividing planning zones into smaller areas according to ecological criteria based on scientific results.
Four example areas that are, or, are not, suitable for use as alpine pasture can be distinguished using ecological criteria derived from maps, aerial photographs and inventories. A subdivision of the pastures into zones suitable for a more specific form of management (e.g. type of manuring) entails
detailed knowledge of the area and additional field research. We suggest using this in the spatial planning of communities and link it to management at the farm level by integrating the local knowledge of farmers.
Research Article. Kinetics and Mechanism of Drug Release from Loratadine Orodispersible Tablets Developed without Lactose
Authors: Ciurba Adriana , Rédai Emőke , Pop Ioana , Antonoaea Paula , Todoran Nicoleta
Published: April 2017

Objective: The aim of this study is to develop lactose-free orodispersible tablets with loratadine for patients with lactose intolerance. Materials and methods: Seven compositions (F1-F7) of 10 mg loratadine were prepared in form of orally disintegrating tablets, by direct compression, using croscarmellose sodium and pre-gelatinized starch in various concentrations as superdisintegrants, diluted with microcrystalline cellulose and combined with mannitol and maltodextrin as binder agents. The tablets had been studied in terms of their pharmacotechnical characteristics, by determining: the weight uniformity of the tablets, their friability, breaking strength and disintegration time, drug content and the dissolution profile of loratadine. The statistical analyses were performed with GraphPad Prism Software Inc. As dependent variables, both the hardness of the tablets and their disintegration ability differ between batches due to their compositional differences (as independent variables). DDSolver were used for modeling the kinetic of the dissolution processes by fitting the dissolution profiles with time-dependent equations (Zero-order, First-order, Higuchi, Korsmeyer-Peppas, Peppas-Sahlin). Results: All proposed formulas shows rapid disintegration, in less than 15 seconds, and the dissolution loratadine spans a period of about 10 minutes. Akaike index as well as R2 adjusted parameter have demonstrated that the studied dissolution profiles are the best fitted by Zero-order kinetic. Conclusion: In conclusion, association of croscarmellose sodium (7.5%) with pre-gelatinized starch (6%) as superdisintegrants and mannitol as the binder agent (35%), positively influences the dissolution properties of loratadine from orally fast dispersible tablets.
Thermodynamic study on complex parts of the sphere and ellipsoid of a nuclear explosive device
Authors: Zhenzhi Gou , Bin He , Guilin Yang
Published: April 2017

Because the heat release of plutonium material, the composite structure is heated and the stress and strain of the composite structure will increase, which will affect the thermodynamic properties of the structure. The thermodynamic analysis of complex structures, which are composed of concentric structures of plutonium, beryllium, tungsten, explosives, and steel, was carried out. The results showed that when the structure is spherical, the temperature is higher than that of the ellipsoid structure. Stress of the elliptical structure is greater than the spherical structure. This study showed that the more flat the shell is, the greater the stress concentration point occurs at the long axis, and the maximum stress occurs at the beryllium layer. These conclusions provide theoretical support for the plutonium composite component testing.
Influence of thermodynamic mechanism of inter- facial adsorption on purifying air-conditioning engineering under intensification of electric field
Authors: Chen Yun-Yu
Published: April 2017

As a kind of mass transfer process as well as the basis of separating and purifying mixtures, interfacial adsorption has been widely applied to fields like chemical industry, medical industry and purification engineering in recent years. Influencing factors of interfacial adsorption, in addition to the traditional temperature, intensity of pressure, amount of substance and concentration, also include external fields, such as magnetic field, electric field and electromagnetic field, etc. Starting from the point of thermodynamics and taking the Gibbs adsorption as the model, the combination of energy axiom and the first law of thermodynamics was applied to boundary phase, and thus the theoretical expression for the volume of interface absorption under electric field as well as the mathematical relationship between surface tension and electric field intensity was obtained. In addition, according to the obtained theoretical expression, the volume of interface absorption of ethanol solution under different electric field intensities and concentrations was calculated. Moreover, the mechanism of interfacial adsorption was described from the perspective of thermodynamics and the influence of electric field on interfacial adsorption was explained reasonably, aiming to further discuss the influence of thermodynamic mechanism of interfacial adsorption on purifying air-conditioning engineering under intensification of electric field.
Disruption of egg production by triclabendazole-resistant Fasciola hepatica following treatment with a commercial preparation of myrrh (Mirazid)
Authors: Abdelaal Mohamed M.O. , Brennan Gerard P. , Hanna Robert E.B. , Abdel-Aziz Ahmed , Fairweather Ian
Published: April 2017

An
Orthogonal Basis Functions over the Binocular Pupil
Authors: Mathar Richard J.
Published: April 2017

Sets of orthogonal basis functions over circular areas - pupils in optical applications - are known in the literature for the full circle (Zernike or Jacobi polynomials) and the annulus. Here, an orthogonal set is proposed if the area is two non-overlapping circles of equal size. The geometric master parameter is the ratio of the pupil radii over the distance between both circles. Increasingly higher order aberrations - as defined for a virtual larger pupil in which both pupils are embedded - are fed into a Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization to distill one unique set of basis functions. The key effort is to work out the overlap integrals between a full set of primitive basis functions of hyperspherical type centered at the mid-point between both pupils. Constructed from the same primitive basis, the orthogonal Karhunen-Loève modes of spatially filtered Kolmogorov phase screens are computed for this shape of mask. Matrix elements of the covariance matrix - an established intra-circle and a special inter-circle category - are worked out in wavenumber space.
Gaming Methods in the Management Teaching at Secondary Schools
Authors: Polčáková Martina , Bočková Kateřina
Published: April 2017

Introduction: The paper deals with the design of gaming methods for teaching Management at secondary schools and the importance of using effective games in the process secondary education.

Methods: The authors analysed and summarised the relevant findings collected during the fifty-year history. For the purposes of the investigation, a questionnaire survey was carried out between April 11, 2016 and April 22, 2016. Finally, interviews with teachers were conducted.

Results: Specific gaming methods for teaching Management were implemented in classrooms which helped to identify the strengths and the weaknesses of the gaming methods.

Limitations: The limits of the survey were given by the small number of respondents (100) and by the fact that only 6 questions were asked.

Conclusions: The gaming methods are attractive not only for pupils and students but also for adults and represent one of the most attractive teaching methods. There is a connection between gaming methods, didactics and andragogy.
Acquaintance with Universals
Authors: Forrest Peter
Published: April 2017

In this paper I argue that the problems solved by universals require not merely that we know they exist but that we know them by acquaintance. I begin by explicating this thesis of acquaintance with universals. I then show how it solves some familiar problems. After that I reply to the objection that something weaker will do such as David Lewis’ distinction between natural and artificial classes of possibilia.
Re-Thinking Atonement in Jonathan Edwards and New England Theology
Authors: Hamilton S. Mark
Published: April 2017

Jonathan Edwards′ New England theology has a great deal more to say that is of contemporary doctrinal interest than it is often credited with, particularly as it relates to the doctrine of atonement. This article explores several anomalous claims made be this 18th and 19th century tradition, and in this way, challenges the recent and growing consensus that Edwards espoused the penal substitution model and his successors a moral government model. I argue that of all that is yet to be considered about their doctrine of atonement, we ought to begin with those claims made about the nature and demands of divine justice.
Factors That Influence the Virological Response in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Treated with Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin
Authors: Todorovska Beti , Joksimovic Nenad , Caloska-Ivanova Viktorija , Dimitrova-Genadieva Magdalena , Trajkovska Meri , Curakova Elena , Kiprijanovska Sanja , Zafirova-Ivanovska Beti , Serafimoski Vladimir
Published: April 2017

Introduction: The success of the antiviral treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C depends on the factors related to the virus and the host. The aim of the study is the analysis of the antiviral therapy which is a combination of pegylated interferon and ribavirin, considering various factors that will identify the predictors of the sustained virological response. Material and Methods: This retrospective study included 226 patients, divided in two groups. Patients with sustained virological response and patients without sustained virological response were compared in terms of the following factors: genotype, viral load, gender, age, inflammatory and fibrotic changes in the liver, metabolic abnormalities, obesity and fatty liver. Results: The rate of the sustained virological response is 83.6%, more frequently in patients with genotype 3, with evidenced statistical significance (90.54%). The factors that significantly contribute to sustained virological response are related to the age (p = 0.0001), genotype (p = 0.002), mode of transmission (p = 0.005), inflammatory changes in the liver (p = 0.028), body mass index (p = 0.022) and insulin resistance (p = 0.039). The high rate of sustained virological response is related to the younger age of the patients which indirectly means short Hepatitis C Virus infection duration, absence of advanced liver disease and lack of significant co-morbid conditions. Single confirmed independent predictors of sustained virological response are the age (OR 0.928, p = 0.0001) and genotype (OR 3.134, p = 0.005). Conclusions: Factors that are related to the virological response are the age, genotype, mode of transmission, inflammatory changes in the liver, body mass index and insulin resistance, but still, independent predictors of sustained virologic response are the age and the genotype.
From immunity to immunity. From immunity to silence: The case of Gilad Sharon
Authors: Kurzon Dennis
Published: April 2017

In 2003, Gilad Sharon, the younger son of the late Ariel Sharon, then Israeli Prime Minister, was being investigated by the police for his part in what is known as the Cyril Kern affair, which involved not only illegal donations to Ariel Sharon’s campaign fund to become leader of the Likud Party in 1999 but also a long money trail around the world. Large sums of money were being paid to Gilad Sharon as fees for vague consulting services. Since Ariel Sharon was the prime minister and a member of the Knesset, he had immunity from search unless it was withdrawn by the Israeli parliament. Gilad Sharon lived on the same ranch as his father, taking full advantage of his father’s immunity. The police refrained from issuing a search warrant of the Prime Minister’s private home, but demanded documents from Sharon relating to the money trail. When questioned by the police, he claimed the right of silence, which – so it was asserted by Sharon and his lawyers – covered documents he may have in his possession in his house. Moreover, Sharon claimed that the documents may not incriminate him, but someone else (his father). A warrant was issued by the magistrate’s court requiring Sharon to submit the documents. This was overturned by the district court, but finally in December 2003 the Israeli Supreme Court ordered Sharon to submit the documents to the magistrate’s court in order for the proceedings to continue. In the paper, the court case will be examined through the semantics of the phraseimmunity fromfollowing the concept of the semiotic square (e. g., Greimas 1988). It will be shown that the narrative of the case may be built up from one immunity leading to another, and then to a third. The neutral termnot liable to + not immune frommay lead to silence.
Zukunft in Bildern
Authors: Maier Maja S. , Rademacher Sandra
Published: April 2017

In einem deutsch-ghanaischen Forschungsprojekt fragen wir Kinder und Jugendliche nach ihren Zukunftsvorstellungen und zielen mit dieser Frage auf ihre gegenwärtigen Welt- und Selbstbezüge in einer bildungs- und sozialisationstheoretischen Perspektive. Die Frage nach den Welt- und Selbstverhältnissen versuchen wir mit visuellem Material zu beantworten und analysieren von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland und Ghana angefertigte Fotografien und Fotoreihen zu der Frage „How do you picture your life as an adult?“. Für die Beantwortung unserer Forschungsfrage stellen Fotografien deshalb einen herausgehobenen Zugang dar, weil sie über die Analyse der von den kindlichen und jugendlichen Fotografen gewählten Perspektive Aussagen zur ihrer Positionierung im sie umgebenden (Kultur-)Raum zulassen. In diesem Beitrag diskutieren wir die Potentiale und die methodischen und methodologischen Herausforderungen eines solchen bildwissenschaftlichen Vorgehens im Rahmen einer kulturvergleichenden Kindheits- und Jugendforschung.
Ветеринарно-санітарний контроль безпечності та якості м’ясних продуктів
Authors: Bogatko N. , Bogatko L. , Salata V. , Semaniuk V. , Serdioucov J. , Schyrevuch G.
Published: April 2017

Meat foods matter very much in the feed of man and fold considerable part her food ration. In many countries of the world meat is the basic object of food industry. In our state that determines basic legal and organizational principles of providing of quality and safety of meat products, food products made from them for life and health of population and prevention of negative in fluence on an environment in case processing, packing and moving through the custom border of Ukraine. By the most effective method of providing of safety of food products presently the system НАССР, that is base on implementation of requirements of DSTU 4161–2003, sconfessed in the world, that included general principles of functioning of the system, and also requirements of Regulation of European Parliament and Advice №852/2004. In terms of safety and quality cooked sausages (manufacturer PE «Matviychuk A.V.» Zhytomyr region), sausages (manufacturer SPE «Argon» t. Vinnitsa), small sausages (manufacturer SPE «Marshalok», t. Belaya Tserkov Kiev region) meet the requirements laid down DSTU 4436:2005 and hygienic in the production of these types of meat products. Our country has the Law of Ukraine «On basis principles and requirements for safety and quality of food», which spelled out the need to carry out inspections on compliance with hygienic and sanitary requirements in the production of safe and quality of food. The highest protein content was found in cooked (by the standards according to DSTU 4436:2005 – 12%). Fat content, moisture, starch and sodium chloride were well within the norms set of regulations for there meat products. Also safety measure as sodium nitrite content in sausage products did not exceed permissible levels (less than 0,005 %). MAFAnM lowest content was found in cooked sausages and sausages – 1.21·102 ± 28.82 и 2.82·102±42.54 КUO/g. In small sausages MAFAnM content was increased slightly – 1.16·103±29.67 КUO/g. The content of toxic elements in the investigated samples of meat products was within acceptable levels in accordance with DSTU 4436:2005 and radionuclide 137Cs and 90Sr – did not exceed permissible levels set by GN 6.6.1.1–130–2006.
Вплив згодовування плідникам райдужної форелі ганаміновіту на виживання заплідненої ікри та передличинок
Authors: Grynevych N.
Published: April 2017

The aim of research was a study the effect of influence of feeding by feed supplement of Ganaminovit the breeding stock of rainbow trout on the state of fertilized eggs and pre-larvae. The task of research was to study influence of Ganaminovit on the survival of fertilized eggs and on the productive effect of larvae in the conditions of the closed water-supply. The breeding stock of rainbow trout were fed by the extruded mixed fodders with Ganaminovit in 2015 during two months to and after spawning and in 2016 before spawning. The influence of feeding rainbow trout breeding stock, along with extruded feed vitamin supplements – Ganaminovit on the survival rate of fertilized eggs and pre-larvae for the mass of 0.3 g. It is established that in conditions of closed water system in the pre-spawning and after-spawning periods of the breeding stock of rainbow trout requires additional vitamin supplements, other than those included in the modern extruded food. The introduction supplements for two months, before incubation, promotes more rapid recovery of the body in after-spawning period and enhances immunity and high survival rates of eggs and of pre-larvae for the mass of 0.3 g. Mortality of eggs in the control group of breeding stock at the stage of the eye was 61.7%, and the increase of weight of the larvae during transition to active feeding in 2015–0,041 g. In 2016, these figures were higher and amounted to respectively 79.4% of and 0.052 g.