bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybrid plasmonic metamaterials: towards enhanced ultra broadband and wide-angle solar absorption for energy harvesting
Authors: Rashki Mahdi , Rakhshani Mohammad Reza
Published: December 2024

This study presents a hybrid metamaterial solar absorber with TiN and Fe–SiO2 layers, achieving ultra-broadband absorption (300–5000 nm), over 98% efficiency, and high resilience to angle and polarization, ideal for energy harvesting.
Comprehensive understanding of the Na1+xZr2SixP3−xO12 solid-state electrolyte in advanced sodium metal batteries: a critical review
Authors: Wang Xin , Fan Yameng , Li Jiayang , Li Xinghan , Li Weijie , Wang Jiazhao , Pang Wei Kong
Published: December 2024

All solid-state sodium metal batteries (ASSSMBs) have emerged as promising candidates in large-scale energy storage systems relative to Li/Na-ion batteries using flammable liquid electrolytes.
Zinc–alcohol–air batteries with ultra-narrow cyclic voltage windows
Authors: Li Zilong , Ning Shunlian , Jin Yanshuo , Wang Nan , Sun Shuhui , Meng Hui
Published: December 2024

Selecting the appropriate charging reaction of zinc–air batteries to reduce cyclic electric energy loss by two orders of magnitude, achieving a round-trip efficiency of up to 99.9%.
Sulfide-mediated growth of NIR luminescent Pd/Ag atomically precise nanoclusters
Authors: Ni Yu-Rong , Pillay Michael N. , Chiu Tzu-Hao , Liang Hao , Kahlal Samia , Chen Jie-Ying , Chen Yuan-Jang , Saillard Jean-Yves , Liu C. W.
Published: December 2024

Designing nanoclusters with tailored characteristics: utilizing sulfide to tune near-infrared emission in Ag-rich Pd alloys.
Rational design of NiCo2O4@carbon hollow spheres as a high-performance electrode material for flexible supercapacitors
Authors: Bharanitharan Naveen T. , Dhinasekaran Durgalakshmi , Ashwin Kishore M. R. , Subramanian Balakumar , Rajendran Ajay Rakkesh
Published: December 2024

The unique hollow morphology of NiCo2O4, combined with a uniform carbon coating, provides exceptional ion accessibility and electron transport.
Development of supramolecular ionic gels with self-healing capability and biodegradability using a bioderived ionic liquid and poly(vinyl alcohol)
Authors: Yamada Shunsuke , Honda Takashi
Published: December 2024

The physical crosslinking of poly(vinyl alcohol) and a bioderived ionic liquid yields supramolecular ionic gels with self-healing capability, reconfigurability, and biodegradability for wearables, implants, and environmental sensing.
Recent advances in asymmetric synthesis via cyclopropanol intermediates
Authors: Laktsevich-Iskryk Marharyta , Hurski Alaksiej , Ošeka Maksim , Kananovich Dzmitry
Published: December 2024

The review summarizes achievements in stereoselective and stereoretentive transformations of cyclopropanols suitable for asymmetric synthesis.
Tuning “ligandless” direct arylation polymerization toward less-branching EDOT polymers
Authors: Pei Xilin , Yang Quan , Sun Yanlu , Wu Wei , Yu Jianyong , He Yong
Published: December 2024

Direct arylation polymerization conditions can be classified into phosphine-assisted and “ligandless” conditions.
Novel polyvinyl alcohol-assisted MnO2–ZnO–CuO nanocomposites as an efficient photocatalyst for methylene blue degradation from wastewater
Authors: Gindose Teketel Girma , Gebreslassie Gebrehiwot , Hailegebreal Tessema Derbe , Ashebr Tesfay G. , Mtunzi Fanyana , Atisme Tsegaye Belege , Zereffa Enyew Amare
Published: December 2024

Pristine ZnO (Z), MnO2 (M), CuO (C) photocatalysts and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-assisted MnO2–ZnO–CuO (MZC) nanocomposites were synthesized via the sol–gel method.
Enhanced diffusion through multivalency
Authors: Bartoš Ladislav , Lund Mikael , Vácha Robert
Published: December 2024

Increasing the number of binding sites on particles, while keeping the same surface affinity, enhances particle diffusion along surfaces.
SMAD5 as a novel gene for familial pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Cao Ding , Grünig Ekkehard , Sirenko Yuriy , Radchenko Ganna , Gall Henning , Ahmed Ayat , Theiß Susanne , Lankeit Mareike , Meder Benjamin , Laugsch Magdalena , Eichstaedt Christina A.
Published: December 2024

Genetic diagnostic testing of 325 pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients using a PAH specific gene panel including 18 known PAH genes revealed mutations in 23%. Further PAH candidate genes were sequenced in the remaining patients exposing two SMAD5 variants, which were clinically and functionally characterized. We first recorded familial cosegregation and clinical parameters. Functional tests were performed following transient over-expression of the two SMAD5 variants in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Expression of these variants was confirmed by quantitative PCR, Sanger sequencing, and Western blotting. Cell viability was evaluated using cell counting kit 8, cell proliferation by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), and apoptosis by annexin V assay. Both SMAD5 missense variants were absent in healthy controls and predicted to be pathogenic. The variant c.1175T>C p.(Leu392Pro) was identified in a heritable PAH patient and her healthy son. The mother had died of suspected PAH at age 42. The expression of this variant in PASMCs led to significantly higher cell viability due to higher proliferation in comparison with SMAD5 wild-type cells. The second variant c.277T>A p.(Trp93Arg) was identified in a patient with congenital heart disease associated PAH with a surgically repaired ventricular septal defect. Its expression led to significantly lower cell viability due to increased apoptosis in comparison with wild-type SMAD5 cells. Taking into account familial aggregation, clinical findings, and functional evidence, both variants could be classified as likely pathogenic. This is the first description of SMAD5 as a potential novel PAH gene for genetic diagnostic testing.
Machine learning‐based multivariate forecasting of electric vehicle charging station demand
Authors: Alam Najmul , Rahman M. A. , Islam Md. Rashidul , Hossain M. J.
Published: December 2024

The exponential rise of electric vehicles (EVs) is transforming the global automobile industry, driving a shift towards greater cleanliness and environmental sustainability. EV charging stations (EVCSs) play a pivotal role in this massive transition towards EVs, where accurate forecasting of EVCS demand is crucial for seamlessly integrating EVs into existing power grids. Most of the existing research mainly concentrates on univariate forecasting, neglecting the multiple factors influencing EVCS demand. Hence, this study offers a comparative analysis of different algorithms for univariate forecasting and multivariate forecasting, where the multivariate scheme incorporates metadata such as charging time, greenhouse gas savings, and gasoline savings. The experimental results indicate the superiority of the multivariate scheme over the univariate forecasting. For multivariate forecasting, the gated recurrent unit (GRU) has outperformed other models such as categorical boosting (Catboost), recurrent neural network (RNN), long short‐term memory (LSTM), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), random forest, convolutional neural network (CNN), CNN + LSTM, and LSTM + LSTM. The results of this study emphasize the significance of using the GRU model for multivariate forecasting with metadata during normal and noisy scenarios to yield more reliable and accurate predictions. This approach enhances decision‐making, policy development, and efficient grid integration in the growing EV sector.
Fault diagnosis of inter‐turn short circuits in PMSM based on deep regulated neural network
Authors: Mesai Belgacem Ahmed , Hadef Mounir , Ali Enas , Elsayed Salah K. , Paramasivam Prabhu , Ghoneim Sherif S. M.
Published: December 2024

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) is widely utilised in numerous industrial applications due to its precise control capabilities. However, these motors frequently encounter operational faults, potentially leading to severe safety and performance issues. Consequently, effective health monitoring techniques for early fault detection are essential to maintain optimal performance and extend the lifespan of these systems. This study presents a qualification‐based methodology for diagnosing faults in three‐phase PMSMs through vibration–current data fusion analysis. The stator faults, specifically inter‐turn short circuits (ITSC) induced via bypassing resistances, were investigated using experimental data from a custom‐built test rig. The collected current and vibration signals were transformed into statistical features. Various operating scenarios were diagnosed utilising a deep regulated neural network (RegNet), an improved convolutional neural network based on an enhanced residual architecture. The proposed approach was assessed through various metrics including training efficiency, precision, recall, f1‐score, and accuracy, and compared against several neural network methods. The findings reveal that the proposed RegNet model achieves perfect accuracy, attaining 100%. This research highlights the efficacy of data fusion analysis and deep learning in fault diagnosis, facilitating proactive maintenance strategies and improving the reliability of PMSMs in diverse industrial applications and renewable energy systems.
RABBIT-SpA – nationale Registerdaten zu
Spondyloarthritiden
Authors: Regierer Anne C. , Weiß Anja
Published: December 2024

Seit 2017 wird im Deutschen Rheuma-Forschungszentrum das Krankheitsregister
RABBIT-SpA für die axiale Spondyloarthritis und die Psoriasis-Arthritis
durchgeführt. Fast 80 rheumatologische Einrichtungen in ganz Deutschland sind
aktiv beteiligt. Es liegen inzwischen Daten von je über 1.800 Patient:innen für
beide Erkrankungen vor. Da die Patient:innen zu Beginn einer neuen Therapie
eingeschlossen werden, ist die Krankheitsaktivität im Vergleich zu anderen
Kohorten aus dem Versorgungsalltag relativ hoch. Es wurden bereits einige
Analysen der RABBIT-SpA-Patient:innen publiziert. Es konnte zum Beispiel gezeigt
werden, dass die Therapieretention bei PsA-Patient:innen, die entweder mit einer
b/tsDMARD-Monotherapie oder einer Kombination eines b/tsDMARDs mit MTX behandelt
wurden, gleich war. Eine Analyse zur mentalen Gesundheit zeigte, dass bei ca.
30% der Patient:innen depressive Symptome vorliegen, sowohl bei der axSpA als
auch bei der PsA. In einer weiteren Analyse wurden PsA-Patient:innen, die auch
eine axiale Beteiligung haben mit den axSpA-Patient:innen, die auch eine
Hautpsoriasis haben, verglichen. axPsA-Patient:innen waren älter und weniger
häufig HLA-B27 positiv, zudem war der Frauenanteil höher, als bei den
axSpA+Pso-Patient:innen. Die Krankheitslast gemessen z. B. an der globalen
Krankheitsaktivität berichtet sowohl von den Ärzten als auch von den
Patient:innen war sehr ähnlich in beiden Gruppen. Damit die Daten aus
Krankheitsregistern nutzbringend analysiert werden können und zum Beispiel auch
Analysen über Therapiesicherheit möglich sind, ist es wichtig, dass möglichst
viele Patient:innen eingeschlossen werden und über eine lange Zeit im Register
beobachtet werden. Deshalb freuen wir uns sehr über die aktive Mitarbeit so
vieler Rheumtaolog:innen und ihrer Mitarbeiter:innen und heißen neue
rheumatologische Einrichtungen jederzeit herzlich willkommen.
Primäre und sekundäre Cerclage bei Hochrisiko-Schwangeren: Einfluss
auf die Schwangerschaftsdauer und Frühgeburt
Authors: Markfeld-Erol Filiz , Meschede Julia , Klar Maximilian , Juhasz-Böss Ingolf , Kunze Mirjam
Published: December 2024

Einleitung Ziel der Studie war es, die Wirksamkeit von Cerclagen bei
Frauen mit belasteter Anamnese zu evaluieren. Das primäre Ziel war die
Verlängerung der Schwangerschaft und das Erreichen einer Termingeburt. Sekundär
wurde untersucht, ob eine Intervention nach einem frühen pathologischen
75-g-oGTT-Befund diese Endpunkte beeinflusst.

Methodik Es wurden 133 Fälle retrospektiv analysiert. 80 Frauen erhielten
eine primäre Cerclage zwischen der 14.–16. Schwangerschaftswoche, 53 Frauen eine
sekundäre Cerclage nach Zervixverkürzung unter 25 mm. Diese Gruppe wurde weiter
unterteilt in eine therapeutische und eine Notfallgruppe. Frauen mit frühem
pathologischem 75-g-oGTT wurden diabetologisch mitbetreut.

Ergebnisse Die primäre Cerclage verlängerte die Schwangerschaft um 20,6
Wochen und führte bei 51 Frauen (63,8%) zu einer Termingeburt. In der Gruppe mit
sekundärer Cerclage kam es bei 25 Frauen (47,2%) zu einer Termingeburt mit einer
Verlängerung um 20,1 Wochen. Bei einem Fruchtblasenprolaps betrug die
Verlängerung 7,9 Wochen. Pathologische 75-g-oGTT-Ergebnisse hatten 63 Frauen.
Eine frühzeitige Intervention hatte keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die
Verlängerung und die Termingeburt.

Schlussfolgerung Die primäre Cerclage war effektiver für das Erreichen
einer Termingeburt. Frauen mit therapeutischer Cerclage ohne Fruchtblasenprolaps
profitierten ebenfalls. Bei Zervixverkürzung ohne Prolaps war die Verlängerung
in beiden Gruppen gleich. Das schlechteste Ergebnis wurde bei Notfallcerclage
mit Fruchtblasenprolaps beobachtet. Ein frühzeitiger 75-g-oGTT ist wichtig, um
einen Gestationsdiabetes rechtzeitig zu erkennen und zu behandeln.
Predicting natural and unnatural red blood cell shape transformations
Authors: Daniel Hannah
Published: December 2024

The nonlinear model accurately predicts the stomatocyte-discocyte-echinocyte transformation in red blood cells.
Advances in laser-based bremsstrahlung x-ray sources. I. Optimizing laser-accelerated electrons
Authors: Yin L. , Luedtke S. V. , Stark D. J. , Huang C.-K. , Medina B. M. , Seaton A. G. , Bogale A. , Strehlow J. , Palaniyappan S. , Mix L. T. , Van Pelt A. , Fitzgarrald R. , Fernández J. C. , Gautier D. C. , Sood A. , Tomkins C. , Hunter J. , Albright B. J.
Published: December 2024

In this work, we have performed a suite of kinetic simulations of relativistic laser–plasma interaction under settings relevant to recent and planned experiments on a variety of laser systems. The goal of the study is to illuminate the physics of laser–target coupling and to provide guidance for how to optimize these sources for applications. It is shown that the production of relativistic electrons is maximized when conditions of relativistic induced transparency (RIT) in dense plasmas can be achieved over a large interaction volume at the time of arrival of most intense part of the laser pulse. RIT is shown to enhance both the numbers of relativistic electrons and the energies of the electrons, leading to an increased x-ray dose. A variety of approaches to enhancing laser–target coupling are considered. These include optimizing the effects of low-density pre-plasma (arising either from finite laser pedestal or from the use of foam coatings) and of modifying the laser focusing geometry to reduce effects of filamentation and self-focusing. Evidence of a novel approach to achieving stable laser propagation over distances of tens of micrometers in a plasma gradient is also presented. These conditions coincide with plasma and laser conditions explored in recent experiments on the Omega EP laser system and compare favorably with an analytic criterion for stable laser propagation in relativistically underdense plasma obtained from a nonlinear Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin analysis.
Advances in laser-based bremsstrahlung x-ray sources. II. Laser pulse propagation and guiding in nonuniform plasma media in the presence of self-focusing
Authors: Albright B. J. , Yin L. , Palaniyappan S. , Bogale A. S. , Fernández J. C. , Bengoa A. Figueroa , Fitzgarrald R. , Gautier D. C. , Huang C.-K. , Hunter J. , Luedtke S. V. , Medina B. M. , Mix L. T. , Sauppe J. P. , Seaton A. G. , Strehlow J. , Tomkins C. D. , Van Pelt A.
Published: December 2024

An analytic Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin model is presented of Gaussian laser pulse propagation through plasma with a quadratic transverse density profile and an arbitrarily varying, longitudinal density gradient under conditions of nonlinear self-focusing. From these solutions, it is shown that in the absence of nonlinear self-focusing and transverse nonuniformity, for exponential pre-plasma density profiles, the use of a low density coating of the laser target with electron density n0∼11 ncr (e.g., a CH foam of density 35 mg/cm3 for 1-micron laser light) maximizes laser intensity at best focus. Also, under laser and plasma conditions relevant to recent experiments on high-power laser systems, conditions are obtained for a Gaussian laser pulse to propagate stably through the pre-plasma medium. Such conditions would be expected to enhance the production of relativistic electrons from laser-target coupling, providing a possible explanation for the observed increase in MeV photon dose and enabling applications such as laser-based MeV X-ray radiography.
Weather as a driver of the energy transition – present and emerging perspectives of energy meteorology
Authors: Schroedter-Homscheidt Marion , Dobschinski Jan , Emeis Stefan , Heinemann Detlev , Meilinger Stefanie
Published: December 2024

Energy meteorology is an applied research field of meteorology that focuses on the study and prediction of weather conditions and events that affect energy production and use. This field has become increasingly important as the energy industry has become more dependent on weather conditions, especially in the areas of renewable energy sources such as wind energy, solar energy, and hydropower. The following paper has been written by experts of the Committee on Energy Meteorology of the German Meteorological Society summarizing their more than 30 years of experience and lessons learnt. It gives an overview of activities in energy meteorology that are already essential for the transformation of energy systems to systems with high shares of renewable energies. Building on this, the experts have created a vision of future topics that describe the future research landscape of energy meteorology. The authors explain that work in energy meteorology in recent years has primarily been concerned with the physically based modeling of wind and solar power generation and the development of short-term forecasting systems. In future years, a significant expansion of work in the areas of energy system modeling, digitalization, and climate change is expected. This includes the detailed consideration of regionally specified spatiotemporal variability for system design, the integration of artificial intelligence skills, the development of weather-related consumption based on smart meters, and the mapping of the effects of climate change on the energy system in planning and operating processes.
Portable real-time polarimeter for partially and fully polarized light
Authors: Mackey B. , Sandner O. , Saji A. , Ramos A. Felipe , Hall L. , Wilkinson S. , McKay A. , MacRae A.
Published: December 2024

We present a portable polarimeter capable of real-time visualization of partial and fully polarized light over a broad band of wavelengths. Our system utilizes a Raspberry Pi computer with a low-cost data acquisition “HAT” and an integrated photodetection circuit. Wide bandwidth operation is achieved through digital calibration of an arbitrary retardance waveplate presented herein. All mechanical, electrical, and software components are open source and available on a GitHub repository. This completely integrated approach provides an efficient tool for modern optics research laboratories and is well-suited for educational demonstrations.
Transient lubrication of floating bush coupled with dynamics and kinematics of cam-roller in fuel supply mechanism of diesel engine
Authors: Guo Huaiqian , Li Yazhou , Zhao Bin , Guo Yuan , Xie Zhongliang , Morina Ardian , Lu Xiqun
Published: December 2024

The roller-floating bush pin is a major component in the fuel supply mechanism of a diesel engine, and its tribological performance seriously affects the reliability of the equipment. In this study, a transient thermoelastic hydrodynamic lubrication analysis model of the double-layer oil film on the roller-floating bush pin is established, which is coupled with the dynamic and kinematic analysis model of the cam-roller. The transient dynamic characteristics, such as time-varying speeds and loads of the roller during the operation of the cam, were considered. Also, the elastic deformation and the thermal effect were considered in the lubrication model. The relevant experimental platform for this double-layer oil film lubrication structure was built, and the simulation model was verified through experiments. The influence of the operating conditions, including cam speed and plunger fuel pressure, on the lubrication performance of the structure is explored, and besides, the influence of the structural parameters, including length-diameter ratios and clearance ratios, is also analyzed. It shows the lubrication condition of the inner oil film is worse compared with the outer oil film. As the explored factors change, the pressure of the inner oil film is more affected than that of the outer oil film. This work could provide useful guidance in designing the roller-floating bush pin in the fuel supply mechanism.
Structural, electronic, optical, magnetic, and mechanical properties of SmMnO3 perovskite with europium and yttrium doping: A first-principles study
Authors: Pokharel Peshal , Yadav Shashit Kumar , Pantha Nurapati , Sharma Bikash , Adhikari Devendra
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the impact of europium (Eu) and yttrium (Y) doping on the electronic, magnetic, optical, elastic, and structural properties of SmMnO3 perovskites using the Quantum ESPRESSO code. The cohesive energy and tolerance factor calculations revealed that the perovskite can maintain structural stability up to 25% doping of Eu and Y. Bandgap calculations suggest that when Eu and Y are doped, the energy bandgap of pure SmMnO3 decreases significantly from 2.72 to 0.47 and from 2.72 to 0.76 eV, respectively. Doped SmMnO3 exhibits a UV shift and increased intensity in the absorption coefficient, while the reflectivity peak decreases. These changes in optical properties and bandgap due to Eu and Y doping make SmMnO3 a promising material for advanced applications in photovoltaics, UV photodetectors, and optoelectronic devices. The ferromagnetic property and total magnetic moment of SmMnO3 are found to be increased by Eu doping. Meanwhile, the magnetic moment gets reduced by Y doping. Curie temperature calculations indicate that Eu doping increases the Curie temperature from 255.35 to 314.28 K, while Y doping reduces it from 255.35 to 187.69 K. These changes in magnetic moment and Curie temperature suggest that the doped material is suitable to be used in magnetic sensors and storage devices. The calculated elastic constants, Young’s modulus, shear modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and B/G ratio suggest that both pristine and doped compounds under study show a ductile behavior.
Basin of attraction organization in infinite-dimensional delayed systems: A stochastic basin entropy approach
Authors: Tarigo Juan Pedro , Stari Cecilia , Martí Arturo C.
Published: December 2024

The Mackey–Glass system is a paradigmatic example of a delayed model whose dynamics is particularly complex due to, among other factors, its multistability involving the coexistence of many periodic and chaotic attractors. The prediction of the long-term dynamics is especially challenging in these systems, where the dimensionality is infinite and initial conditions must be specified as a function in a finite time interval. In this paper, we extend the recently proposed basin entropy to randomly sample arbitrarily high-dimensional spaces. By complementing this stochastic approach with the basin fraction of the attractors in the initial conditions space, we can understand the structure of the basins of attraction and how they are intermixed. The results reported here allow us to quantify the predictability giving us an idea about the long-term evolution of trajectories as a function of the initial conditions. The tools employed can result very useful in the study of complex systems of infinite dimension.
Brownian and fractional polymers with self-repulsion
Authors: Eleutério Samuel , Mendes R. Vilela
Published: December 2024

Brownian and fractional processes are useful computational tools for the modeling of physical phenomena. Here, modeling linear homopolymers in a solution as Brownian or fractional processes, we develop a formalism to take into account both the interactions of the polymer with the solvent as well as the effect of arbitrary polymer-polymer potentials and Gibbs factors. As an example, the average squared length is computed for a non-trivial Gaussian Gibbs factor, which is also compared with the Edwards' and step factor.
Perspective on 2D perovskite ferroelectrics and multiferroics
Authors: Zhang Junting , Xie Yu , Ji Ke , Shen Xiaofan
Published: December 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectrics and multiferroics have attracted considerable scientific and technological interest in recent years due to the increasing demands for miniaturization and low energy consumption of electronic devices. At present, the research on 2D ferroelectrics and multiferroics is still focused on van der Waals materials, while the known bulk ferroelectric and multiferroic materials are mostly found in perovskite systems. The ability to prepare and transfer 2D perovskite oxides has provided unprecedented opportunities for developing ferroelectrics and multiferroics based on 2D perovskites. In this Perspective, we review the research progress on 2D ferroelectrics and multiferroics in inorganic perovskites in terms of different ferroelectric and magnetoelectric coupling mechanisms. The improper ferroelectricity and novel magnetoelectric coupling mechanisms discovered in 2D perovskites are emphasized, and then, the main challenges and future development direction are put forward.
Study on physical and chemical structure modification law and mechanism of coal based on organic acidification
Authors: Ni Guanhua , Xianlong Yin , Du Binbin , Li Zhao , Cui Yingxue
Published: December 2024

Deep coal seams in China have the characteristics of low permeability, low porosity, and poor gas permeability, which makes the extraction of coalbed methane very difficult. To study the modification effect of acidic solutions on coal pore structure and mineral components, this study used three different concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%) of organic acids (HCOOH and CH3COOH) to treat coal. Through industrial/elemental analysis, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption experiments, and x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy detection experiments, the pore size distribution, mineral elements, and oxides of the acidified coal were analyzed. The strength of the acid solution's modification effect on coal was analyzed, as well as the relationship between different mineral elements and changes in pore structure. The results show that the two acids have a pore expanding effect on coal, with an increase in average pore size; the pore size distribution is between 2 and 50 nm, belonging to mesopores; acetic acid has a stronger overall dissolution efficiency on inorganic minerals, while formic acid has a better effect on the removal of Ca and P elements, but none of them can effectively remove silicoaluminates; the content of Ca element in coal is positively correlated with the specific surface area provided by mesopores; and iron dolomite is not sensitive to the reaction with acetic acid, resulting in an opposite trend in Fe content and mesoporous specific surface area. Organic acid solution changes the pore and fracture distribution structure of coal through chemical dissolution by dissolving the mineral components inside the coal, thereby affecting its internal structural characteristics.
Investigation of the effects of alumina particle phase transition on internal flow field and engine performance in solid rocket motors
Authors: Song Naimeng , Wu Yuchen , Yuan Gaoqi , Hui Shixuan , Liu Pingan
Published: December 2024

This study integrates theoretical modeling with numerical simulation methods to establish a comprehensive phase change dynamics model. The model encompasses critical stages of the phase change process, including undercooling, nucleation, solidification, and crystal phase transformation. We also utilize the latest drag coefficient model and heat transfer model in the two-phase flow field. Through numerical simulation, we delve into the impact of the phase change process of monodisperse particles on the flow field characteristics within a nozzle, extending our investigation to polydisperse particles phase change process. Furthermore, we systematically analyze the specific effects of variations in particle size distribution and particle loading on nozzle performance. In our simulation results, the most significant specific impulse enhancement was achieved under conditions of d43 = 2.63 μm and 20% particle loading, resulting in a specific impulse increase in approximately 0.53% compared to scenarios neglecting phase change. This work provides a solid theoretical foundation for accurately evaluating engine performance through numerical simulation.
Rotationary feedback control of the cylinder wake flow using a linear dynamic model
Authors: Li Xintao , Luo Yuping , Liang Xiao , Ge Mingwei , Zhang Weiwei
Published: December 2024

This study presents an active feedback control of the Kármán vortex shedding flow past a circular cylinder at low Reynolds numbers. The cylinder's rotational motion functions as the control actuator, while the transverse velocities of points along the wake axis serve as the feedback signals. First, using the autoregressive with exogenous input method, a linear reduced-order model (ROM) for the unstable flow is developed to capture the input–output behavior between the cylinder's rotational displacement and the feedback signals. This model is then utilized for controller design using the proportional and linear quadratic regulator (LQR) control methods, respectively, with their effectiveness analyzed and validated through high-fidelity numerical simulations. The results show that both methods can effectively suppress the unstable vortex shedding flow, while proportional control exhibits strong sensitivity to monitoring point locations and time delays. The ROM-based model can accurately predict the stability characteristics of the control system, providing valuable guidance for selecting optimal feedback signals. Moreover, we show that by appropriately adjusting the phase angle between the control input and feedback signals via time delays, the performance of proportional control can be significantly enhanced. Lastly, based on the ROM, an output-feedback suboptimal control law is designed using the LQR method. This suboptimal feedback control transforms unstable fluid modes into stable ones, resulting in complete suppression of the unsteady vortex shedding. It is further revealed that the inherent mechanism of suboptimal flow control is to construct an optimal phase shift through the linear superposition of multiple feedback signals. Overall, model-based analysis results agree well with those obtained from direct numerical simulations, confirming the validity of the proposed ROM-based feedback control procedure.
Exploring stress-dependent impedance behavior via magnetization dynamics in amorphous magnetic fibers in high frequency: Experimental and modeling
Authors: Feng Tangfeng , Wang Yunfei , Li Yunlong , Qin Faxiang
Published: December 2024

The magnetoelastic effect plays a crucial role in influencing the magnetization dynamics and impedance characteristics of magnetic fibers (MFs). In this work, we investigate the modulation of the domain structure and impedance behaviors under stress within Co-based MFs aided by experimental and theoretical approaches. The remarkable changes of natural ferromagnetic resonance and the transition of domain inclination angles indicate that the stress-impedance effect derives from the evolution of the magnetic domain structure and anisotropy field, which are induced by magnetoelastic coupling. The ferromagnetic resonance linewidths over a range of applied tensile strains (0–0.54%) serve to elucidate the contribution of magnetoelastic coupling to magnetic damping in ferromagnetic fibers. By utilizing the shell domain expansion method, we derive circular dynamic permeability and compute the impedance properties at high frequencies of MFs under multi-field stimulus. The theoretical model accurately predicts key features of magnetization dynamics, the evolution of ferromagnetic resonance, and impedance curves of MFs, in good agreement with experimental results including very fine observation of domain evolution. This comprehensive approach provides profound insights into the stress modulation of impedance characteristics, with implications for sensing applications of MFs.
Evolution of arbitrary temporal ocean floor motion-induced surface waves over a trench
Authors: Pethiyagoda R. , Das S. , Meylan M. H.
Published: December 2024

The scattering of surface water waves generated through an arbitrary temporal motion of a portion of the ocean floor within a trench and from the sudden depth change at the wall of the trench is studied under the assumption of linearized water wave theory and a weakly compressible ocean that includes static oceanic background compression. The Fourier transformation and eigenfunction expansion techniques are deployed to find the surface displacement and pressure profiles with the help of appropriate matching conditions between regions of different depths. The difficulties of numerical computation owing to large oscillations of the displacement potential function around specific frequencies are overcome using adequate non-uniform finer meshing. Apart from the time-domain propagation of tsunami waves away from the origin, standing wave formations are observed within the trench region, supported by significantly large pressure fluctuations in time. These standing waves or the pressure fluctuations are higher when the ocean depth is large. The change in tsunami speed due to sudden depth change is readily visible in the time-domain simulations. Ocean compressibility results in fluctuations in the envelope of the propagating wavefront. Both the two-dimensional and axisymmetric three-dimensional solutions are presented. In comparison, the propagating surface wavefront for the latter case evolves with a sharper slope, which is additionally illustrated by the animation movies.
Soot temperature and volume fraction field predictions via line-of-sight soot integral radiation equation informed neural networks in laminar sooting flames
Authors: Wang Qianlong , Gong Mingxue , Matynia Alexis , Zhang Linghui , Qian Yingyu , Dang Chao
Published: December 2024

This paper originally proposes a physics informed neural networks (PINNs) model for the simultaneous prediction of soot temperature and volume fraction fields in laminar flames from experimental soot integral radiation. Contrasted with the previous data-driven models, the PINNs model incorporates the line-of-sight soot radiation integral equation into the model architecture. Doing so, the superiority of the physics informed neural networks model is displayed in terms of prediction accuracy under limited training data size and training efficiency. Due to the significant reduction of training experimental data dependence, such gray-box physics informed methodology sheds light on practical combustion devices combustion monitoring, i.e., limited optical window endoscope engines.
Co-creation and community engagement in implementation research with vulnerable populations: a co-creation process in China
Authors: Zhang Liyuan , Li Katherine T. , Wang Tong , Luo Danyang , Tan Rayner K. J. , Marley Gifty , Tang Weiming , Ramaswamy Rohit , Tucker Joseph D. , Wu Dan
Published: December 2024

Background Top-down implementation strategies led by researchers often generate limited or tokenistic community engagement. Co-creation, a community engagement methodology, aims to create a shared leadership role of program beneficiaries in the development and implementation of programs, and encourages early and deep involvement of community members. We describe our experience using a four-stage co-creation approach to adapt and implement a sexually transmitted diseases (STD) testing intervention among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. Methods We adapted a four-stage approach to co-creation. First, we conducted a needs assessment based on our prior work and discussions with community members. Second, we planned for co-creation by establishing co-creator roles and recruiting co-creators using both stratified convenience and opportunistic sampling. Third, we conducted co-creation via hybrid online/in-person focus groups (four multistakeholder groups and four MSM-only groups). Finally, we evaluated validity of the co-creation process through qualitative observations by research staff, analyzed using rapid qualitative analysis, and evaluated co-creator experience through post-discussion survey Likert scales and open-ended feedback. Results Needs assessment identified the needs to adapt our STD intervention to be independently run at community-based and public clinics, and to develop explanations and principles of co-creation for our potential co-creators. In total, there were 17 co-creation members: one co-creation lead (researcher), two co-chairs (one gay influencer and one research assistant), eight MSM community members, four health workers (two health professionals and two lay health workers) and two research implementers and observers. Co-created contents for the trial included strategies to decrease stigma and tailor interventions to MSM at public STD clinics, strategies to integrate STD testing services into existing community-led clinics, and intervention components to enhance acceptability and community engagement. Our evaluation of validity identified three main themes: challenges with representation, inclusivity versus power dynamics and importance of leadership. Surveys and free responses suggested that the majority of co-creators had a positive experience and desired more ownership. Conclusion We successfully adapted a structured co-creation approach to adapt and implement an STD testing intervention for a vulnerable population. This approach may be useful for implementation, and further research is needed in other contexts and populations.
Non-Gaussian diffusive fluctuations in Dirac fluids
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Sarang , McCulloch Ewan , Vasseur Romain
Published: December 2024

Dirac fluids—interacting systems obeying particle–hole symmetry and Lorentz invariance—are among the simplest hydrodynamic systems; they have also been studied as effective descriptions of transport in strongly interacting Dirac semimetals. Direct experimental signatures of the Dirac fluid are elusive, as its charge transport is diffusive as in conventional metals. In this paper, we point out a striking consequence of fluctuating relativistic hydrodynamics: The full counting statistics (FCS) of charge transport is highly non-Gaussian. We predict the exact asymptotic form of the FCS, which generalizes a result previously derived for certain interacting integrable systems. A consequence is that, starting from quasi-one-dimensional nonequilibrium initial conditions, charge noise in the hydrodynamic regime is parametrically enhanced relative to that in conventional diffusive metals.
Flow field design and visualization for flow-through type aqueous organic redox flow batteries
Authors: Peng Kang , Jiang Chenxiao , Zhang Zirui , Zhang Chao , Wang Jing , Song Wanjie , Ma Yunxin , Tang Gonggen , Zuo Peipei , Yang Zhengjin , Xu Tongwen
Published: December 2024

Aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs), which exploit the reversible redox reactions of water-soluble organic electrolytes to store electricity, have emerged as a promising electrochemical energy storage technology. Organic electrolytes possess fast electron-transfer rates that are two or three orders of magnitude faster than those of their inorganic or organometallic counterparts; therefore, their performance at the electrode is limited by mass transport. Direct adoption of conventional cell stacks with flow fields designed for inorganic electrolytes may compromise AORFB performance owing to severe cell polarization. Here, we report the design of a flow field for flow-through type AORFBs based on three-dimensional multiphysics simulation, to realize the uniform distribution of electrolyte flow and flow enhancements within a porous electrode. The electrolyte flow is visualized by operando imaging. Our results show that multistep distributive flow channels at the inlet and point-contact blocks at the outlet are crucial geometrical merits of the flow field, significantly reducing local concentration overpotentials. The prototype pH-neutral TEMPTMA/MV cell at 1.5 M assembled with the optimized flow field exhibits a peak power density of 267.3 mW cm
−2
. The flow field design enables charging of the cell at current densities up to 300 mA cm
−2
, which is unachievable with the conventional serpentine flow field, where immediate voltage cutoff of the cell occurs. Our results highlight the importance of AORFB cell stack engineering and provide a method to visualize electrolyte flow, which will be appealing to the field of aqueous flow batteries.
Alternative splicing of
Clock
transcript mediates the response of circadian clocks to temperature changes
Authors: Cai Yao D. , Liu Xianhui , Chow Gary K. , Hidalgo Sergio , Jackson Kiya C. , Vasquez Cameron D. , Gao Zita Y. , Lam Vu H. , Tabuloc Christine A. , Zheng Haiyan , Zhao Caifeng , Chiu Joanna C.
Published: December 2024

Circadian clocks respond to temperature changes over the calendar year, allowing organisms to adjust their daily biological rhythms to optimize health and fitness. In
Drosophila
, seasonal adaptations are regulated by temperature-sensitive alternative splicing (AS) of
period
(
per
) and
timeless
(
tim
) genes that encode key transcriptional repressors of clock gene expression. Although
Clock
(
Clk
) gene encodes the critical activator of circadian gene expression, AS of its transcripts and its potential role in temperature regulation of clock function have not been explored. Here, we observed that
Clk
transcripts undergo temperature-sensitive AS. Specifically, cold temperature leads to the production of an alternative
Clk
transcript, hereinafter termed
Clk
-cold, which encodes a CLK isoform with an in-frame deletion of four amino acids proximal to the DNA binding domain. Notably, serine 13 (S13), which we found to be a CK1α-dependent phosphorylation site, is deleted in CLK-cold protein. We demonstrated that upon phosphorylation at CLK(S13), CLK-DNA interaction is reduced, thus decreasing transcriptional activity of CLK. This is in agreement with our findings that CLK occupancy at clock genes and transcriptional output are elevated at cold temperature likely due to higher amounts of CLK-cold isoforms that lack S13 residue. Finally, we showed that PER promotes CK1α-dependent phosphorylation of CLK(S13), supporting kinase-scaffolding role of repressor proteins as a conserved feature in the regulation of eukaryotic circadian clocks. This study provides insights into the complex collaboration between AS and phospho-regulation in shaping temperature responses of the circadian clock.
Charm Physics at the Super τ-Charm Factory
Authors: Cheng Hai-Yang , Lyu Xiao-Rui , Xing Zhi-Zhong
Published: December 2024

The high-luminosity Super τ-Charm Factory (STCF) will be a crucial facility for charm-physics research, particularly for the precise measurement of electroweak parameters, measuring D
0-

D
¯

0

mixing parameters, investigating conjugation–parity (CP) violation within the charm sector, searching for the rare and forbidden decays of charmed hadrons, and addressing other foundational questions related to charmed hadrons. With the world’s largest charm-threshold data, the STCF aims to achieve high sensitivity in studying the strong phase of neutral D mesons using quantum correlation, complementing studies at LHCb and Belle II, and contributing to the understanding of CP violations globally. The STCF will also enable world-leading precision in measuring the leptonic decays of charmed mesons and baryons, providing constraints on the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix and strong-force dynamics. Additionally, the STCF will explore charmed hadron spectroscopy. The advanced detector and clean experimental environment of the STCF will enable unprecedented precision, help address key challenges in the Standard Model, and facilitate the search for potential new physics.
Quantum-state engineering using enhanced tripartite interactions in atom–photon–phonon hybrid systems
Authors: Guo 郭 Yaowu 耀武 , Zhao 赵 Jiaqiang 加强 , Cao 曹 Lianzhen 连振 , Li 李 Yingde 英德 , Lu 路 Hong-Yan 红艳
Published: December 2024

We introduce a hybrid cavity optomechanical model capable of generating significant genuine tripartite interactions and entanglement among coherent degrees of freedom. However, realizing and controlling such tripartite interactions and their entanglement pose crucial challenges that remain largely unexplored. In this work, we predict a tripartite coupling mechanism within a hybrid quantum system consisting of a vibrating mechanical oscillator, a two-level atom and a single-frequency cavity field. We specifically propose a mechanism for tripartite and cross-Kerr nonlinear coupling through displacement and squeezing transformations. By adjusting the optical amplitude of the pump light, we can effectively enhance these nonlinear couplings, facilitating the manipulation of entangled and squeezed states. The resulting tripartite genuine entanglement exhibits distinct evolutionary characteristics. Notably, when the pump light amplitude is large, the tripartite entanglement persists for longer time. Additionally, the phonon displays characteristics of both cooling and squeezing. Our study presents a pathway for exploring and exploiting controllable multipartite entanglement, as well as achieving phonon cooling and squeezing with the assistance of a mesoscopic harmonic oscillator. This work underscores the innovative potential of our model in advancing the field of optomechanics and quantum entanglement.
Dynamic Adsorptive Carbon Capture in Power-to-Gas Plants
Authors: Barbaresi Andrea , Gambarotta Agostino , Morini Mirko , Saletti Costanza
Published: December 2024

Energy transition can be addressed in the very near future with low investment costs by utilizing already-available technologies and infrastructures. In this regard, among innovative energy carriers, green synthetic methane can tackle the issue by taking advantage of natural gas facilities. Power-to-gas systems enable methane synthesis by combining electrolytic hydrogen and captured carbon dioxide.

This work investigates the adsorptive carbon capture in the context of a power-to-gas system. Carbon dioxide is trapped onto the porous surface of a packed bed by adsorption and is then released during bed regeneration. The alternating process operation is analyzed by means of a dynamic model capable of reproducing both adsorption and desorption. The other system components are dynamically modeled as well to simulate their interaction during the cyclic operation.

The whole cycle is analyzed. Bed regeneration by means of a hydrogen purge flow is evaluated considering the possibility of utilizing the mixture of hydrogen and desorbed carbon dioxide as reactants in a subsequent catalytic methanation process. The boundary limits for the pressure of the hydrogen purge source are identified in order to obtain the desired reactants proportion. Regarding adsorption, different post-combustion flue gases are evaluated as carbon dioxide sources from a plant-management perspective.