bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management practice, and treatment outcome and its associated factors among hospitalized stroke patient at Ambo University Referral Hospital, Ethiopia: an Institutional Based Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Kefale Belayneh , Betero Guye , Temesgen Gobezie , Degu Amsalu
Published: October 2019

Background: Although stroke has been consistently reported as one of the three leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the past few years in Ethiopia, there is a paucity of data regarding to stroke treatment outcomes and associated factors. Hence, this study was aimed to assess management practice, and treatment outcome and its associated factors among hospitalized stroke patients.Method

an institutional based cross sectional study was conducted among 111 hospitalized stroke patients in the medical ward of Ambo University Referral Hospital(AURH), who had been hospitalized for the last three years (March 30/2016- May30/2019). All patients diagnosed with stroke and hospitalized in the medical ward of AURH were included in the study. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 25.0 statistical software. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the predictors of poor treatment outcome.Result

The present study showed that ischemic stroke was the most prevalent (80.1%) form of stroke diagnosed in the study setting. Nonetheless, 18.2% of patients were diagnosed with hemorrhagic stroke. Among 111 study participants, 69 (62.2%) patients had good treatment outcome. From 42(37.8%) study participants with poor treatment outcome, 18(42.8%) were dead and 12 (28.6%) were with disability and left against medical advice on self and family request while the remaining 12 (28.6%) were referred to other higher health facility. Social history (substance abuse P=00.046, AOR=2.684, 95%CI 1.091-6.604), age (P=0.026, AOR= 3.256, 95%CI = 1.145-9.260) and chief compliant (P=0.009, AOR=0.254, 95%CI=0.091-0.708) were the predictors of treatment outcome among hospitalized stroke patients. Other variables like types of stroke, co-morbidity, and others did not show significant association with treatment outcome.Conclusion

The present study showed that ischemic stroke was the most predominantly diagnosed type of stroke in our setting. Acetyl salicylic acid and ACE inhibitor based regimens were frequently used in the management of stroke and hypertension, respectively. Nearly one third of the study participants had good treatment outcome. Nonetheless, death was reported in 16.2% of hospitalized stroke patients in the study setting. Being older and substance abusers, and the presence of hemiparesis during the initial hospital admission were significant predictors of poor treatment outcome.
Instruments for assessing quality of life among older adults in African countries: a scoping review
Authors: ATTAFUAH PRISCILLA Yeye Adumoah , Everink Irma HJ , Halfens Ruud JG , Lohrmann Christa , Abuosi Aaron , Schols Jos MGA
Published: October 2019

Background Over 60% of the population in sub-Saharan Africa lives in informal settlements (slums) with little or no resources. To be prepared to meet the needs of older people living in slums, it is necessary to know more about their quality of life (QoL). The objective of this review is to identify instruments, which can be used by researchers to assess the QoL of older adults living in African countries, especially those dwelling in slums.Methods A scoping review was performed using the databases Scopus, PubMed, and ISI Web of Science to retrieve studies published between January 2008 – February 2019. Studies were included if they reported generic QoL instruments, focused on adults with a mean age ≥50 and were conducted in African countries.Results In total, 22 studies were included using 14 unique instruments to measure QoL (WHOQOL, SWLS, WHOQOL-OLD, the WHOQOL-BREF, SF-36, SF-12, RAND 36, WHO-SAGE-INDEPTH, CASP-19, CASP-12, the EQ-5D+C, EQ-6D, CAF and the adapted AMS). Almost all instruments could be interviewer-administered and had the possibility for content modification to better suit the research setting. However, little is known about their psychometric properties (validity and reliability), time-investment and cultural sensitivity of the domains included in the instruments.Conclusions Even though this review retrieved instruments used to assess QoL of older adults in African countries, there is a need for further research on adjustment and validation of currently existing QoL instruments. In addition, the development and validation of a new instrument which can be used in (illiterate) older populations, living in slums in Africa should be considered.
Modified trapdoor procedures using autogenous tricortical iliac graft without preserving the broken cartilage to treat osteonecrosis of the femoral head: A Prospective Cohort Study With Historical Controls
Authors: Cheng Qi , zhao fengchao , Xu Shi-zhuang , Zheng Li , Zheng Xin , Liu Lei
Published: October 2019

Background The aim of the present study was to investigate clinical and radiological outcomes of autologous tricortical iliac graft through a window created at the femoral head, without suturing the opened articular cartilage to treat osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), called modified trapdoor procedures. Methods A total of 59 consecutive patients (67 hips ) with ONFH were included in this study, which was conducted during the period from April 2009 to March 2012. Harris hip scores (HHS) were used to evaluate hip function pre- and postoperatively. Anteroposterior and frog-position X-rays and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were conducted to evaluate lesion location, size, and ARCO stage. Clinical failure was defined as score < 80 points or treatment by total hip arthroplasty(THA). Radiographic failure was defined as a > 3 mm of collapse in the hip. This group was retrospectively matched according to the ARCO stage, extent, location, etiology of the lesion, average age, gender, and preoperative Harris hip score to a group of 59 patients (67 hips) who underwent the“light bulb”approach during March 2007 to April 2009. Results Mean follow-up was 91.2 ± 13.6 months (range, 75–115 months). Mean HHS was 91.3 ± 4.5, compared with 83.1± 4.5 in the “light bulb” cohort at the 6 years follow-up examination ( P < 0.001). At the 6 years follow-up, for modified trapdoor procedures, five hips (8.5%) were classified as clinical failure, and 3 hips underwent total hip arthroplasty; Seven hips were classified as (10.4%) radiographic failure.The clinical and radiographic failure of the hips treated with the modified trapdoor procedure was significantly lower than that of the hips treated with the “light bulb” procedure (p < 0.05). Survival of the joint was not significantly related to the location of the femoral head lesion between two groups, but there was better clinical and radiographic results in modified trapdoor procedures with Size-C and the ARCO stage III. Conclusion The study demonstrated superior medterm clinical results in ONFH with the use of autologous tricortical iliac block graft through a femoral head window, without suturing the opened articular cartilage.
Liderazgo transformacional y productividad en los docentes de la escuela fiscal Antonio Jose de Sucre de la provincia de Guayas - Ecuador
Authors: Suarez Elvira , Cabrejos Raúl
Published: October 2019

A continuación, se presenta la síntesis de la investigación “El liderazgo transformacional y productividad en los docentes de la escuela fiscal Antonio José de Sucre de la provincia de Guayas, Ecuador. El objetivo de la investigación estuvo dirigido a determinar la relación entre El liderazgo transformacional y productividad. La investigación es de tipo pura o fundamental, el alcance fue descriptivo correlacional y el diseño utilizado es no experimental, de corte transversal. La muestra fue de 50 docentes de la escuela fiscal Antonio José de Sucre de la provincia de Guayas, Ecuador Para recolectar los datos se utilizó como técnica la encuesta para la variable liderazgo transformacional y como instrumento el cuestionario que fue aplicado a los docentes, para la variable productividad se empleó como instrumento el cuestionario; en cuanto al cuestionario para dicho instrumento se realizó la confiabilidad de Alpha de Cronbach. El procesamiento de datos se realizó con el software SPSS (versión 23). Realizado el análisis descriptivo y la correlación a través del coeficiente de Rho de Spearman, con un resultado de Rho=0.850, interpretándose como relación entre las variables, con una ρ = 0.00 (p < 0.05), con el cual se rechaza la hipótesis nula por lo tanto los resultados señalan que existe una relación directa y significativa entre el liderazgo transformacional y productividad en los docentes de la escuela fiscal Antonio José de Sucre de la provincia de Guayas, Ecuador.
PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DENGAN PENDEKATAN REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION (RME) BERBASIS SOAL OPEN – ENDED UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIKA
Authors: Wildad Fauzi , Waluya Budi , Masrukan M
Published: October 2019

This research aims to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of the application of learning using social arithmetic teaching books with Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach based on Open-Ended problem. The research design used in this research is Research and Development (R and D) with Plomp model. Subjects in this study were students of Class VIII SMP Islam Terpadu Askhabul Kahfi 2017 / 2018. implementation design using Posttest Only Control-Group Design. The analysis used in the form of analysis of expert validation results and effectiveness test. Post test results on the class performed by the action are compared to the non-action class and to ensure it is done by (1) Complete Test, (2) Different Test, and (3) Simple Linear Regression Test. Based on the results of research and discussion, obtained the conclusion that (1) Arithmetic learning devices with RME approach developed valid is used based on the expert expert judgment. And according to the results of small and large class test, and (2) Arithmetic learning tools with RME approach developed effectively. This is indicated by (a) the average value of evaluation of classroom communication skills using 73, 42 (μ 70) and 76,6% (π 75%) classical completeness; (b) the average rate of classes using the application of mathematics learning tools with RME approach based on open-ended problem (73,42) is greater than the class that does not use the application of mathematics learning tool with RME approach based on open-ended problem (64,57) and (c) from the regression test obtained tcount = 2.012, tcount (2.012) ttable (1.99834).
PENERAPAN LABORATORIUM VIRTUAL ELEKTROFORESIS GEL SEBAGAI PENGGANTI PRAKTIKUM RIIL
Authors: Maryuningsih Yuyun - , Manfaat Budi , Riandi Riandi
Published: October 2019

Tujuan pembelajaran Genetika terutama dalam kegiatan praktikum salah satunya adalah praktikan dapat memahami teknik pemisahan DNA dan memahami regulasi ekspresi gen, dengan melakukan kegiatan praktikum elektroforesis gel. Kemampuan siswa dalam memahami elektroforesis gel perlu dilatihkan pada praktikum genetika. Beberapa LPTK terkendala tidak memiliki perangkat praktikum elektroforesis gel, untuk itu, perlu diupayakan praktikum pengganti demi memenuhi tujuan pembelajaran. Virtual laboratorium merupakan salah satu solusi sebagai upaya memenuhi tujuan pembelajaran agar sesuai. Vitual lab elektroforesis dan PCR ini dimplementasikan secara eksperimental pada praktikan mahasiswa yang mengampu mata kuliah genetika dan praktikum. Data nilai laporan virtual lab diuji beda dengan praktikum real dengan amsumsi nilai laporan praktikum dengan varian yang sama dan dengan hipotesis nilai laporan praktikum virlab dan praktikum real tidak berbeda secara signifikan. Data uji perbedaan nilai laporan praktikum antara nilai laporan real dan virtual dengan uji beda t test menunjukkan bahwa nilai laporan praktikum virlab dan praktikum real tidak berbeda signifikan, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa virlab dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti praktikum real pada praktikum elektroforesis gel.
Effect of sea level rise on oil spill model drift using TELEMAC-2D
Authors: Lavine W. , Jamal M. H. , Abd Wahab A. K. , Kasiman E. H.
Published: October 2019

Sea level rise (SLR) is a serious issue around the world that affects the hydrodynamic behaviour of river and coastal waters. This work presents the hydrodynamic pattern modelled for the region and prediction of oil spill spreading at Pulai River estuary and southwest Johor Strait before and after SLR phenomenon using TELEMAC-2D. The hydrodynamic calibration and validation were in good agreement between measured and modelled values. The mean absolute error (MAE) of water level is less than 3% and average difference in speed and direction of current is less than 10% and 30°, respectively. These values meet the impact evaluation assessment by the Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID), which is less than 10% for water level and less than 30% and 45° for current speed and direction, respectively. Permanent service for mean sea level (PSMSL) analysis shows an increased water level of 0.35 m after SLR rise by year 2100. Currents also increase with the effect of SLR. At the Pulai River, the observed spill trajectory remains the same before and after SLR but in open seas, the affected oil spillage area at the anchorage zone is estimated to increase 28% after SLR compared to 2015. It is predicted that SLR increases water level, currents and oil spill spreading at open seas.
Improving the optimal solution of GoYang network – using genetic algorithm and differential evolution
Authors: Poojitha S. N. , Singh Gagandeep , Jothiprakash V.
Published: October 2019

In the present study, an attempt is made to search for better solutions for the Hanoi network, BakRyan network, and GoYang network (GYN) through evolutionary algorithms (EAs) such as genetic algorithm (GA) and differential evolution (DE), which are initially validated using the two-loop network. A detailed note on the classification of available benchmark-problems is reported. The major aim of the study is to improve the optimal solution of GYN, which can emerge as a standard benchmark-problem for future studies. On applying the developed EA models, an improved optimal cost compared with the literature is obtained for GYN. From the results, it is found that DE outshines GA by its better convergence capability and robustness in attaining an optimum solution.
Laser irradiation for controlling size of TiO2–Zeolite nanocomposite in removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide
Authors: Abdollah Fatemeh , Borghei Seyed Mehdi , Moniri Elham , Kimiagar Salimeh , Panahi Homayon Ahmad
Published: October 2019

This study focused on the synthesis of TiO2–Zeolite nanocomposite through a sol–gel approach. The decrease in the size of the nanocomposite is considered a primary parameter to improve photocatalytic activity. In this regard, fabricated samples were exposed to laser irradiation (532 nm) for four different time intervals in order to investigate the size variation of the nanocomposite. FTIR, UV–Vis, XRD, DLS, SEM and EDX analyses were applied to characterize and determine the size of the products. An optimized nanocomposite sample, in term of the particle size, was used for photodegradation of 2,4-D herbicide from aqueous solution. Photodegradation was carried out under UV irradiation (12 W) and Xe lamp irradiation (200 W). The obtained results showed that laser irradiation time has a substantial effect on controlling the size of the nanocomposite. Results from the photocatalyst study indicated that the elimination of 2,4-D under the Xe lamp irradiation was higher compared with the UV irradiation. Also, the final synthesized nanocomposite exhibited higher catalytic activity for photodegradation of 2,4-D compared with pure Zeolite and pure anatase TiO2 samples. The reusability of TiO2–Zeolite nanocomposite was studied in four successive cycles to evaluate the removal of 2,4-D under UV irradiation.
knowledge, perceptions and practices regarding zika virus of university students in northern Colombia (Santa Marta, 2016)
Authors: Perafán-Ledezma Astrid Lorena , Martínez-Dueñas William Andrés
Published: October 2019

This study focuses on 171 university students’ level of knowledge, perceptions and practices regarding Zika virus and its vector in Santa Marta (Colombia) in 2016. A survey was conducted and answers about causative agent and mode of transmission were classified into three levels of knowledge. 32.1% of the students stated that they had suffered from Zika. A 60% stated that they knew what the disease was, however, only 29.2% knew what the causative agent was and 45.6% knew the mode of transmission. Regarding the level of knowledge, only 14.6% knew the causative agent and the mode of transmission (Level 2). In general, the students recognize Zika’s symptoms, and 53.8% consider Zika to be very serious and more than half consider that they, the community and the government are responsible for controlling the vector. Even though more than half the students know the most important strategies as regards on how to control the vector, they do not practice them; this may be explained by the characteristics of their daily live dynamics, the lack of community organization, deficiency in the system of public health and climate change. It is recommended to implement permanent vector control strategies that consider the sociocultural characteristics of at-risk populations.
Juegos cooperativos y razonamiento prosocial en niños: efectos de un programa de intervención
Authors: Cerchiaro-Ceballos Elda , Barras-Rodríguez Rafael , Vargas-Romero Heilen
Published: October 2019

Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio realizado en una escuela pública con niños entre siete y ocho años de edad, con el fin de determinar la influencia de los juegos cooperativos en su razonamiento prosocial. Se utilizó un diseño cuasiexperimental con grupos control y experimental, con mediciones pretest y postest a través de una escala pictórica para evaluar razonamiento prosocial en los niños participantes, antes y después de la implementación de un programa psicoeducativo basado en juegos cooperativos. Con la aplicación del programa se registra un cambio significativo en el razonamiento prosocial de los niños, manifestado en un aumento en los juicios orientado a las necesidades y estereotipado, acompañado de una disminución en el razonamiento hedonista. Los resultados muestran un avance en el desarrollo prosocial de los niños participantes en el grupo experimental, quienes alcanzan niveles de razonamiento prosocial de una mayor complejidad. De esta manera se pone a prueba el potencial de los juegos cooperativos para promover el razonamiento y la conducta prosocial de niños en contextos escolares.
Signos y síntomas asociados a trastornos temporomandibulares en niños y adolescentes. Cali, Colombia
Authors: Soto-Llanos Libia , Rodríguez-Manjarrés Carolina , Triana-Escobar Francia Elena , Duque-Borrero Ángela María María
Published: October 2019

Los trastornos temporomandibulares (TTM) en pacientes pediátricos se han estudiado poco. Realizar un diagnóstico oportuno, hace que exista mayor interés por parte de los investigadores para orientar a los odontólogos. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar la presencia de trastornos temporomandibulares registrados en las historias clínicas de pacientes atendidos en la clínica de Odontopediatría de la Universidad del Valle. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo y transversal para evaluar presencia de trastornos temporomandibulares en pacientes, en edades entre 4 a 14 años, que asistieron a las clínicas de Odontopediatría de la Universidad del Valle (Cali-Colombia), durante 2013 y 2016. Se revisaron, 712 historias; 56% de sexo masculino y 44% de  sexo femenino. El 18,11% reportaron la presencia de al menos. Los signos y síntomas asociados con los TTM, los más frecuentes fueron el click bilateral (36,4%), la desviación y deflexión mandibular (27,1%) y dolor a la palpación (24,0%). La subluxación (1,6%) y el chasquido articular en apertura (0,8%) fueron los de menor presencia. Se concluyó que los trastornos de la ATM cada vez son mayores, es importante, realizar investigaciones que involucren los factores de riesgo y/o desencadenantes, la intervención oportuna y el manejo multidisciplinario de esta alteración.
RETRATOS DA VIVÊNCIA AMAZÔNICA: CONTRIBUIÇÃO DA PRÁTICA EDUCOMUNICATIVA NO APERFEIÇOAMENTO DA REPRESENTAÇÃO DA REALIDADE MARAJOARA
Authors: Serejo Elias Santos , Santos Hericley Serejo , De Oliveira Luã Caldos
Published: October 2019

A educação é um dos caminhos para diminuir a desigualdade no acesso às tecnologias de informação e comunicação. Na interface entre Educação e Comunicação, a prática educomunicativa apresenta-se, então, como alternativa para desenvolver linguagens que os dispositivos digitais promovem, como a fotografia. Neste trabalho, buscamos compreender como essa abordagem contribuiu para melhorar a captura de imagens por discentes do Instituto Federal do Pará, Campus Breves, localizado no Marajó, e transformar o olhar crítico para o espaço em que estão inseridos, a partir da realização de uma oficina de fotografia. Para isso, analisamos os dados coletados por meio da aplicação de questionário. Percebemos que a familiaridade dos jovens em utilizam recursos tecnológicos não garante o domínio teórico sobre o funcionamento e potencialidade disponibilizados por eles, demonstrando que a Educomunicação pode contribuir para que essa lacuna seja preenchida, possibilitando o alcance de melhores resultados na busca de uma educação cidadã e emancipatória.
CRITÉRIOS PARA A CERTIFICAÇÃO DE PRODUTOS NA REGULAMENTAÇÃO DO INMETRO
Authors: Chamusca Roberta , Assafin Danielle , Sampaio Cristiane , Machado Raphael
Published: October 2019

O Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (Inmetro) utiliza, sistematicamente, a avaliação da conformidade em sua regulamentação. Na certificação de produtos, processos e serviços, há sete tipos de esquemas possíveis. No entanto, na inexistência de regras explícitas, observa-se, nos programas instituídos pelo Inmetro, a preferência pelo tipo 1b, ou certificação de lote, e pelo tipo 5, o mais completo dos esquemas, no que se refere às atividades de avaliação empregadas. A partir da revisão bibliográfica, este trabalho investigou como selecionar o esquema adequado na certificação. Foi elaborada uma sistemática de apoio à decisão, baseando-se nas variáveis relacionadas ao produto, processo produtivo, setor produtivo, mercado e canal de distribuição. A sistemática potencialmente promove a melhoria da qualidade regulatória do Inmetro e o aumento da transparência, além de constituir-se ferramenta útil para outros atores, do setor público ou privado, que sejam proprietários de esquemas de certificação.
Discovery and Development of the Oral Complement Factor D Inhibitor Danicopan (ACH-4471)
Authors: Wiles Jason A. , Galvan Manuel D. , Podos Steven D. , Geffner Michael , Huang Mingjun
Published: October 2019

Complement plays a vital role in our innate immune defense against invasive microorganisms. Excessive complement activation or insufficient control of activation on host cells, however, is associated with several chronic disorders. Essential to the activation and amplification of the Alternative Pathway (AP) of complement, Complement Factor D (CFD) is a specific serine protease that cleaves its unique substrate, Complement Factor B (CFB) in complex with an activated form of complement component 3 (C3), to generate the AP C3 convertases C3(H2O)Bb and C3bBb. These convertases comprise a central component in eliciting effector responses following AP activation, and they also enable a powerful amplification loop for both the Classical Pathway (CP) and Lectin Pathway (LP) of complement. Because CFD is not required for the activation of either the CP or LP, selective CFD inhibition presents a favorable therapeutic approach to modulating complement activity that leaves intact the effector functions following CP and LP activation and thus poses a lower risk of bacterial infection than other complement-directed approaches. This review provides an update on inhibitors of CFD, which have evolved from irreversible small molecules that demonstrate poor selectivity to reversible small molecules and monoclonal antibodies that demonstrate exceptional selectivity and potency. The reversible small-molecule inhibitor danicopan (ACH-4471) has emerged recently as a promising therapeutic candidate. An overview of its discovery, preclinical pharmacology, Phase 1 clinical studies in healthy volunteers, and Phase 2 clinical studies in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) patients is presented.
Synergistic Antibacterial Efficacy of Biogenic Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles using Ajuga bractosa with Standard Antibiotics: A Study Against Bacterial Pathogens
Authors: Nazer Sadia , Andleeb Saiqa , Ali Shaukat , Gulzar Nazia , Iqbal Tariq , Khan Muhammad A.R. , Raza Abida
Published: October 2019

Background:

Multi-drug resistance in bacterial pathogens is a major concern of today. Green synthesis technology is being used to cure infectious diseases.

Objectives:

The aim of the current research was to analyze the antibacterial, antioxidant, and phytochemical screening of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Ajuga bracteosa.

Methods:

Extract of A. bracteosa was prepared by maceration technique. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using A. bracteosa extract and were confirmed by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The antibacterial, anti-biofilm, cell proliferation inhibition, TLC-Bioautography, TLC-Spot screening, antioxidant, and phytochemical screening were also investigated.

Results:

UV-Vis spectrum and Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the synthesis of green nanoparticles at 400 nm with tube-like structures. FTIR spectrum showed that functional groups of nanoparticles have a role in capping and stability of AgNP. Agar well diffusion assay represented the maximum antibacterial effect of ABAgNPs against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 0.10 g/mL concentration compared to ABaqu. Two types of interactions among nanoparticles, aqueous extract, and antibiotics (Synergistic and additive) were recorded against tested pathogens. Crystal violet, MTT, TLC-bio-autography, and spot screening supported the findings of the antibacterial assay. Highest antioxidant potential effect in ABaqu was 14.62% (DPPH) and 13.64% (ABTS) while 4.85% (DPPH) and 4.86% (ABTS) was recorded in ABAgNPs. Presence of phytochemical constituents showed pharmacological importance.

Conclusion:

It was concluded that green synthesis is an innovative technology in which natural products are conjugated with metallic particles and are used against infectious pathogens. The current research showed the significant use of green nanoparticles against etiological agents.
Serotonergic Modulation of Nociceptive Circuits in Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn
Authors: Bardoni Rita
Published: October 2019

Background:

Despite the extensive number of studies performed in the last 50 years,
aimed at describing the role of serotonin and its receptors in pain modulation at the spinal cord
level, several aspects are still not entirely understood. The interpretation of these results is often
complicated by the use of different pain models and animal species, together with the lack of highly
selective agonists and antagonists binding to serotonin receptors.

Method:

In this review, a search has been conducted on studies investigating the modulatory action
exerted by serotonin on specific neurons and circuits in the spinal cord dorsal horn. Particular attention
has been paid to studies employing electrophysiological techniques, both in vivo and in vitro.

Conclusion:

The effects of serotonin on pain transmission in dorsal horn depend on several factors,
including the type of receptors activated and the populations of neurons involved. Recently, studies
performed by activating and/or recording from identified neurons have importantly contributed to
the understanding of serotonergic modulation on dorsal horn circuits.
The stylistics analysis of the poem “raqeeb se, to the rival” by Faiz Ahmed Faiz
Authors: Chandio Rashid , Fatima Shadab , Tarique Tarique , Soomro Saira
Published: October 2019

A well-prepared abstract enables the reader to identify the basic content of a document quickly and accurately, to determine its relevance to their interests, and thus to decide whether to read the document in its entirety. The Abstract should be informative and completely self-explanatory, provide a clear statement of the problem, the proposed approach, or solution, and point out major findings and conclusions. The Abstract should be 100 to 200 words in length. The abstract should be written in the past tense. Standard nomenclature should be used and abbreviations should be avoided. No literature should be cited. The keyword list provides the opportunity to add keywords, used by the indexing and abstracting services, in addition to those already present in the title. Judicious use of keywords may increase the ease with which interested parties can locate our article.
The Use of Web-Based Support Groups Versus Usual Quit-Smoking Care for Men and Women Aged 21-59 Years: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Pechmann Cornelia Ann , Calder Douglas , Phillips Connor , Delucchi Kevin , Prochaska Judith J
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Existing smoking cessation treatments are challenged by low engagement and high relapse rates, suggesting the need for more innovative, accessible, and interactive treatment strategies. Twitter is a Web-based platform that allows people to communicate with each other throughout the day using their phone.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to leverage the social media platform of Twitter for fostering peer-to-peer support to decrease relapse with quitting smoking. Furthermore, the study will compare the effects of coed versus women-only groups on women’s success with quitting smoking.

METHODS

The study design is a Web-based, three-arm randomized controlled trial with two treatment arms (a coed or women-only Twitter support group) and a control arm. Participants are recruited online and are randomized to one of the conditions. All participants will receive 8 weeks of combination nicotine replacement therapy (patches plus their choice of gum or lozenges), serial emails with links to Smokefree.gov quit guides, and instructions to record their quit date online (and to quit smoking on that date) on a date falling within a week of initiation of the study. Participants randomized to a treatment arm are placed in a fully automated Twitter support group (coed or women-only), paired with a buddy (matched on age, gender, location, and education), and encouraged to communicate with the group and buddy via daily tweeted discussion topics and daily automated feedback texts (a positive tweet if they tweet and an encouraging tweet if they miss tweeting). Recruited online from across the continental United States, the sample consists of 215 male and 745 female current cigarette smokers wanting to quit, aged between 21 and 59 years. Self-assessed follow-up surveys are completed online at 1, 3, and 6 months after the date they selected to quit smoking, with salivary cotinine validation at 3 and 6 months. The primary outcome is sustained biochemically confirmed abstinence at the 6-month follow-up.

RESULTS

From November 2016 to September 2018, 960 participants in 36 groups were recruited for the randomized controlled trial, in addition to 20 participants in an initial pilot group. Data analysis will commence soon for the randomized controlled trial based on data from 896 of the 960 participants (93.3%), with 56 participants lost to follow-up and 8 dropouts.

CONCLUSIONS

This study combines the mobile platform of Twitter with a support group for quitting smoking. Findings will inform the efficacy of virtual peer-to-peer support groups for quitting smoking and potentially elucidate gender differences in quit rates found in prior research.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02823028; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02823028
The Interwoven Effects of Regionalism in Southeast Thessaly
Authors: Bishop Katherine
Published: October 2019

This study investigates possible evidence of seasonal movement of animals – transhumance – in the Greek archaeological record. By engaging with the so-called Agropastoral Debate in Thessaly this analysis argues that regionalism and rising urbanization forced a marked reliance on wool-based economy. The increased demand for wool created herd sizes larger than what local subsistence agriculture could support. Shepherds were required to move with their herds and utilize either short- or long-distance transhumance within Thessaly. This multidisciplinary approach examines transhumant domestication through ethnographic, ethnohistoric and literary sources integrated with palaeobotanical, material, cultural, and zooarchaeological evidence at Classical-Hellenistic sites in the regions of Thessalian Phthiotis (Pharsalos) and Achaia Phthiotis (New Halos, and Kastro Kallithea) in southeast Thessaly. Preliminary data supports mobile pastoralism in antiquity and argues for transhumant domestication in Thessaly by at least the Hellenistic period. This study is part of a larger research project interested in animal management practices and domesticated sheep and goat herd movements in ancient Thessaly.
A REVIEW: MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS INTO THE EFFECT OF THYROID DISORDERS ON ESTROGEN LEVEL AND BONE MINERAL DENSITY
Authors: JOSHI MINAKSHI , BISHT SHRADHA , SINGH MAMTA F.
Published: October 2019

Thyroid hormone serves as an indispensable component for the optimum functioning of various biological systems. They curb body’s metabolism, regulates the estrogen level, regulates bone turnover, essential for skeletal development and mineralization. Within the scope of knowledge, it is intimately familiar that thyroid disorders have widespread systemic manifestations, among which in hypothyroidism, even though elevated TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) may reduce estrogen level which in turn stimulates osteoclasts and thus cause osteoporosis, while hyperthyroidism accelerates bone turnover. Hypothyroidism does not directly interfere with the skeletal integrity, but treatment with levothyroxine for the suppression of TSH to bring the hypothyroid patient to euthyroid state for a long haul; lead to simultaneous reduction in bone mass and in (bone mineral density) BMD.

After the initial relevation of the correlation between thyroid disorders and osteoporosis in numerous studies have emphasized that both hypo and hyperthyroidism either directly or indirectly affects the bone mineral density or leads to the progression of osteoporosis.

Therefore the present study is aimed and so designed to review all the possible associations between them and the impact of thyroid disorders on estrogen level and bone mineral density.

The main findings of this review indicate that both excesses as well as deficiency of thyroid hormone can be potentially deleterious for bone tissue.
CURRENT STATUS OF MATERIOVIGILANCE GLOBALLY-AN UTTER OVERVIEW WITH CLINICAL CASE PERUSAL
Authors: CHAUHAN PRATIBHA , ZARREEN AALIA , IQUBAL MOHAMMAD KASHIF
Published: October 2019

Today’s medical devices are the lifesaving tool and these tools are very frequently used globally since long ago. With the increase in the number of medical devices and their uses, there is an increase in the number of adverse events related to such devices. That is why Materiovigilance is an important tool for the identification, collection, reporting, and analysis of any aversive catastrophe related to the use of medical devices and protection of a patient’s life by fending its reiteration. Post marketing surveillance of medical devices has been initiated in many countries, like the United States of America has started a program under the name Medical Device Reporting (MDR), France, Australia and the United Kingdom have also come up with their own programs. Apart from this India has also initiated the Materiovigilance program by Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) at the Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC) in Ghaziabad in 2015. In this article we have discussed about the risks associated with the use of different classes of medical devices and the need of Materiovigilance program. This article also discusses the adverse events associated with the medical devices, the reporting criteria of those adverse events and the different clinical events of the medical devices.
IMMUNOMODULATORY, ANTICANCEROUS & ANTIOXIDANTACTIVITIES OF CYCLEA PELTATA (LAM.) HOOK.F. & THOMSON
Authors: JAYARAMAN SONY , VARIYAR E. JAYADEVI
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Cyclea peltata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson is an important plant listed in Ayurveda. The plants are used in digestive, diuretic and inflammatory disorders.

Aim: The present study was to study the immunomodulatory, anticancerous and antioxidative properties of the fraction isolated from Cyclea peltata.

Methods: The immunomodulatory activity was evaluated in lymphocytes and THP-1 macrophage cell lines. The anticancer activity of the fraction was determined by MTT assay. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and total antioxidant assays.

Results: The fraction showed the presence of flavanoids which induced lymphocyte proliferation and also could induce nitrite production in THP-1 cell lines at 1mg/ml. It also exhibited good anticancerous activity at 100 μg/ml after 48h of incubation.  The antioxidant activity was less at this concentration and was found to be equivalent to 79± 0.03 μg/ml of ascorbic acid.

Conclusion: The fraction containing flavonoid, isolated from Cyclea peltata have shown to have good immunomodulatory, antioxidant and anticancerous property.
Economía Política de la Nanotecnología
Authors: Delgado Ramos Gian Carlo
Published: October 2019

La nanotecnología refiere a la manipulación de la materia a escala nanométrica,es decir a la mil millonésima de metro. Se trata de una tecnologíaque más allá de caracterizarse por operar a esas dimensiones (enla que también trabajan otras disciplinas como la química), particularmentealude al diseño, caracterización y producción de nanoestructuras, nanodispositivosy nanosistemas novedosos a partir de ‘controlar’ la forma, eltamaño y las propiedades de la materia a dicha escala con el objeto de suuso en diversas aplicaciones civiles y/o militares.
Los números de fibonacci en la naturaleza y los sistemas nanoestructurados artificiales
Authors: Cocoletzi Gregorio H. , González Zacarías Clio , Palomino Ovando Martha A.
Published: October 2019

Resumen: En este trabajo se describe y comenta la importancia y el impacto que los números de Fibonacci han tenido a lo largo de los años y su vinculación con el arte, la naturaleza y los materiales artificiales nanoestructurados, se hace una breve descripción sobre el momento histórico de su aparición, se revisan diversas formas de obtener la relación de recurrencia entre los números. Se muestran algunos ejemplos de su presencia en el arte, la naturaleza, así como resultados de propiedades ópticas de nanoestructuras de materiales artificiales construidos siguiendo esta secuencia.
Mediciones confiables para el cuidado de la salud humana y la preservación del ambiente ante la exposición a nanomateriales
Authors: Lazos Martínez Rubén J.
Published: October 2019

Resumen: Se consideran como vertientes en el desarrollo de las nanotecnologías las que se refieren a los productos novedosos que propician la competitividad de las economías, y las que tratan de sus consecuencias para la sociedad, en particular, de los efectos en la salud humana y en el ambiente por la exposición a nanomateriales, cuyos avances presentan un rezago considerable respecto a la primera vertiente; se dispone de resultados concluyentes sólo en unos pocos casos. Como respaldo de tales conclusiones hacen falta mediciones confiables cuyas características de trazabilidad metrológica y de su incertidumbre de medida son discutidas.
Sobre la mejora humana por medio de las tecnologías convergentes
Authors: De Cózar Escalante José Manuel
Published: October 2019

Resumen: Un conjunto de tecnologías están convergiendo en su aplicación a la mejora del cuerpo y de la mente del ser humano. Se trata de la combinación de, entre otras, la nanotecnología, las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación, la biotecnología, la biología sintética, la neurociencia, la neurotecnología, la robótica y la inteligencia artificial. Las aplicaciones ya disponibles, o previstas para un futuro más o menos cercano, están suscitando un notable debate ético a nivel internacional. En este artículo se plantean los aspectos principales de dicha controversia y se sugiere la necesidad de una evaluación ética temprana de los programas de mejora humana.
El manejo de las escalas como obstáculo epistemológico en la divulgación de la nanociencia
Authors: Sánchez-Mora M. Carmen , Tagüeña Parga Julia
Published: October 2019

El presente trabajo parte de tres ideas, la primera es la noción de obstáculos epistemológicos (OE), explicaciones del mundo que, de acuerdo con Bachelard, limitan la comprensión de los conocimientos científicos durante su enseñanza. La segunda es que la nanociencia y la nanotecnología se han convertido en aspectos comunes de la vida diaria a los que debería tenerse acceso, pero donde suponemos que la percepción de las escalas nano funciona como OE para la comprensión de sus alcances y aplicaciones. Por último, consideramos que en los ambientes de aprendizaje informal de los museos de ciencias, dada la naturaleza de la interacción del público con sus exhibiciones, es posible detectar dichos OE. En este trabajo, se presenta un estudio empírico que lleva a una propuesta para trabajar los OE que representan las escalas nano.
Análisis de percepción sobre la nanociencia y la nanotecnología: el caso de la comunidad universitaria de UAM, UDLAP E IPN
Authors: Mata Méndez José Manuel , Peña Jiménez Judith Sarai
Published: October 2019

Se presenta el análisis de percepción social de las comunidades universitarias de los planteles Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica Culhuacán, Escuela Superior de Comercio y Administración Tepepan y Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados sedes Norte y Sur, sobre el estado e implicaciones de la nanociencia y la nanotecnología a partir de los datos obtenidos tras una encuesta que se realizó a 464 estudiantes y profesores de las 7 sedes mencionadas. Los datos siguen la estructura de la encuesta realizada en el volumen 4, número 1, de esta revista, siendo modificados sólo algunos datos que podrán verse en el anexo de tal suerte que la encuesta fuera generalizable a todas las instituciones encuestadas. Concluimos reiterando el interés por el fortalecimiento al estímulo en la ciencia y la tecnología en nuestro país con responsabilidad social. Estudios como éste pretenden detectar el (des)interés en la ciencia y la tecnología de la comunidad universitaria y los modos en que es percibida. El objeto: contribuir con un análisis útil para cualquier intento que pretenda revertir la desinformación.
Aplicación de los nanomateriales en catálisis
Authors: Zanella Rodolfo
Published: October 2019

RESUMEN: En esta contribución se definen los conceptos fundamentales de la catálisis, se describe la importancia de los procesos catalíticos en la vida cotidiana y en muchos de los procesos que se dan en la naturaleza. Posteriormente se describen las implicaciones de las propiedades físicas, químicas y fisicoquímicas de los nanomateriales en los procesos catalíticos heterogéneos, en los que generalmente el catalizador es un sólido nanoestructurado. Se hace un especial énfasis en el efecto del tamaño y la forma de las nanopartículas sobre la eficiencia de los catalizadores. Asimismo, se describen algunas de las aplicaciones más importantes de los nanocatalizadores, como son el abatimiento de la contaminación atmosférica y del agua, la producción y purificación de combustibles, así como aplicaciones industriales y de química fina para producción de sustancias de muy alto valor comercial como los fármacos, las esencias, los pesticidas, entre otros. Además de describir los procesos nanocatalíticos heterogéneos, se dedica un apartado a los procesos fotocatalíticos, en los que además de un sólido nanoestructurado, se requiere la presencia de luz (ultravioleta o visible) para que se lleven cabo. Estos procesos son de gran importancia en la degradación de compuestos orgánicos e inorgánicos contaminantes del agua, en la producción de hidrógeno y otros combustibles alternativos y en producción de productos químicos de alto valor comercial.
Nanocatalizadores para la producción de energías limpias
Authors: Zepeda Trino A. , Díaz De León J. Noé , Alonso-Núñez Gabriel , Olvera Oscar , Fuentes Sergio
Published: October 2019

En este trabajo se discute brevemente la importancia de la nanotecnología para el desarrollo de materiales aplicados hacia la obtención de energías limpias. Las aplicaciones de los nanomateriales tienen un amplio espectro, desde la producción de energía eléctrica por medio de celdas solares o celdas de combustible, producción de diésel y gasolinas de ultra-bajo azufre provenientes de fuentes fósiles (petróleo), así como la síntesis de diésel y gasolinas sintéticas.
Representación colectiva y negociación de derechos de trabajadores en plataformas
Authors: Domínguez Morales Ana
Published: October 2019

El presente trabajo indaga acerca de la realidad específica del ejercicio de los derechos laborales colectivos en el entorno de la economía digital derivada de la revolución 4.0, específicamente en relación con el trabajo en plataformas. Se pone de manifiesto el destacado papel del diálogo social, que incluye no sólo a los sindicatos tradicionales, sino también a los colectivos de autorrepresentación de los intereses de quienes prestan sus servicios en plataformas digitales. Tanto es así, que las instituciones de la OIT como de la propia Unión Europea conciben al diálogo social como el método idóneo para afrontar los problemas que plantea esta nueva realidad a la que nos enfrentamos en todos los lugares del mundo. En efecto, está siendo modificado el sistema de organización de los intereses de los trabajadores, así como los mecanismos de acción colectiva adoptados, con lo que surge la necesidad de proteger los derechos colectivos de trabajadores que ni siquiera han podido obtener respuesta sobre la propia naturaleza jurídica de su trabajo.
La vulneración al mínimo vital en el sistema de seguridad social chileno
Authors: Monteiro Pessoa Rodrigo
Published: October 2019

El debate sobre la eficiencia de los sistemas de seguridad social es presente, y se apunta factores como el envejecimiento de la población, el aumento de la esperanza de vida, las crisis económicas internacionales, como siendo preocupantes. En este proceso, se perciben las bajas pensiones de algunos sistemas, que no son capaces de asegurar la vida digna de sus asegurados. Este artículo estudia el caso del sistema de capitalización individual chileno, en cotejo con la interpretación constitucional moderna, que asegura a todas las personas un mínimo vital para la existencia digna, fundamentado en la protección de la vida, la dignidad, la libertad, la igualdad y la solidaridad.