bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hormone Receptor–Positive/Human Epidermal Growth Receptor 2–Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer in Young Women: Emerging Data in the Era of Molecularly Targeted Agents
Authors: Shah Ami N. , Metzger Otto , Bartlett Cynthia Huang , Liu Yuan , Huang Xin , Cristofanilli Massimo
Published: March 2020

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in young women worldwide, accounting for an estimated 30% of new cancer diagnoses and 25% of cancer deaths. Approximately two thirds of young women with breast cancer have hormone receptor–positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth receptor 2–negative (HER2−) tumors. Numerous studies, primarily in early-stage breast cancer, have demonstrated that young age is an independent risk factor for more aggressive disease and worse outcomes. Although more limited data are available regarding outcomes in young patients with advanced disease, these age-related disparities suggest that breast cancer in premenopausal women has distinct clinicopathologic and molecular features that can impact treatment outcomes. Until recently, limited data were available on the intrinsic molecular subtypes and genetics of young patients with HR+/HER2− metastatic breast cancer (mBC). In this review, we explore insights into the clinical and pathologic features of HR+/HER2− mBC in younger women derived from recent clinical trials of the cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors palbociclib (PALOMA-3), ribociclib (MONALEESA-7), and abemaciclib (MONARCH 2) and the implications of these findings for clinical practice, guideline development, and future research.

Implications for Practice

This review provides clinicians with an overview of emerging data on the unique clinicopathologic and molecular features of hormone receptor–positive/human epidermal growth receptor 2–negative metastatic breast cancer (mBC) in premenopausal women, summarizes findings from the most recent clinical trials of endocrine-based treatment in this patient population, and explores the implications of these findings for clinical practice, guideline development, and future research. Improved understanding of the key factors influencing disease course and treatment response in premenopausal patients with mBC may lead to more timely incorporation of evidence-based treatment approaches, thereby improving patient care and outcomes.
Effect of non-liquefiable layer on bearing capacity and settlement of shallow foundations
Authors: Ghadimi Garmjani Sasan , Kardani Moghaddam Alireza , Maleki Peyman , Jafarian Yaser
Published: March 2020

Liquefaction during earthquake excitations is one of the most important causes of damage imposed on structures. This phenomenon in saturated loose sand deposits increases water pressure and reduces stiffness. An increase in pore-water pressure during excitations can reduce soil shear strength, and consequently, lead to a decrease of the soil bearing capacity and an increase of settlement. In this study, using physical modelling, the effect of the presence of a non-liquefiable layer with different thicknesses on the improvement of the bearing capacity and settlement of shallow foundations has been investigated for both full and partial liquefaction cases. In these experiments, various constant excess pore-water pressure ratios are generated using the steady-state seepage. The tests are carried out in two different groups. The first group is designed for determining the effect of excess pore-water pressure generation on the bearing capacity; the second group is designed for assessing the effect of design safety factor on the settlement of shallow foundations located on non-liquefiable layers with different thicknesses. The presence of non-liquefiable layers causes considerable improvement in the bearing capacity and settlement of shallow foundations, and this issue may be considered in the engineering problems.
Topical Methods for Shaping a Linguistic World View in International Relations Students
Authors: Bushueva Emiliia
Published: March 2020

The language is a specific type of human activity, «a shape of thought». As a means of communication, it acts as an exponent of the speaker’s spirit and world outlook. The issue of shaping a linguistic world view in students of non-linguistic colleges and, in particular, the problem of the language impact on the way of view of life still requires its solution. The author of the article harks back to the history of foreign linguistic school of thoughts of German linguists Wilhelm von Humboldt (founder of theoretical linguistics) and Johann Leo Weisgerber (who proposed the term «the linguistic world view»), of American ethno-linguists Edward Sepir (author of the comprehensive typological classification of languages of the world) and Benjamin Whorf (author of the theory of linguistic relativity), of an English philosopher John Langsho Ostin, one of the creators of the theory of speech acts. The article mentions some ideas of the Russian world view presented in works of the national linguists, such as A.A. Potebnya, A. Vezhbitskaya, Ye.S. Kubryakova, V.M. Vorobyev. Drawing on many years of experience of teaching the English language in departments of international relations, linguistics and translation studies in St. Petersburg Institute for External Economic Relations, Economics and Law, the author examines the methods of shaping the linguistic world view in students of International Relations and Linguistics. As an example, the author brings forth a scenario of the lecture course in the discipline «Professional Foreign Language (English) in Studying the Topic «National Identity».
Valuation Expertise of Flats in the Secondary Housing Market by Means of Multicriteria Ranking Evaluation of an Object
Authors: Kalashnikov Sergey , Kalashnikova Yulia , Shilova Ekaterina
Published: March 2020

This article deals with implementation of comparative valuation of several flats in the secondary housing market in the city of Volgograd. The methodology of multi-criteria ranking evaluation of the qualitative level of flats, which was suggested by the authors earlier, is used as a means of such valuation. The numerical ratings of the index of consumer preferences obtained by the authors are applied to the valuation price of the alternatives under consideration. The obtained revaluation coefficients are analyzed from the standpoint of a seller and that of a buyer.
Claves de la experiencia religiosa en Aparecida: Un aporte para la pastoral juvenil
Authors: Gallego Miriam
Published: March 2020

Para reflexionar sobre el tema de experiencia religiosa en el Documento de Aparecida es importante responder inicialmente a la pregunta: ¿qué entendemos por experiencia religiosa?La palabra ‘experiencia’ deriva del verbo latino ‘perior’ y hace referencia a probar, tantear, atravesar, conocer algo. De este concepto se derivan las múltiples significaciones dadas a la palabra experiencia.La palabra religiosa deriva del término religión e indica la palabra latina religare o re-legere y hace referencia a juntar, reunir, volver atar. En sentido amplio sería el conjunto de acciones encaminadas a ‘volver a atar’ a la humanidad después de haberse soltado de la Naturaleza.Según A. Vergote, la experiencia religiosa, en primer lugar, es identificada como ‘experiencia de lo sagrado’, comprendido como conocimiento intuitivo estable y habitualmente accesible de una realidad sobrenatural presente al mundo y a las personas y que trasciende a ambos. En segundo lugar, como la ‘captación profundamente afectiva’ de una realidad sobrenatural que se revela como novedad que sorprende e interpela al hombre, transformándole duramente o pasajeramente, constituyendo un acontecimiento que sobreviene al hombre y da nuevo sentido a su vida.
Anemia, iron status, and associated protective and risk factors among children and adolescents aged 3 to 19 years old from four First Nations communities in Quebec
Authors:   Community of Winneway - Long Point First Nation, Community of Lac Simon, CSSS Tshukuminu Kanani of Nutashkuan, Community of Unamen Shipu, Tahir Emad , Ayotte Pierre , Little Matthew , Bélanger Richard E. , Lucas Michel , Mergler Donna , Laouan Sidi Elhadji A. , McHugh Nancy Gros-Louis , Lemire Mélanie
Published: March 2020

Objectives

Anemia and iron deficiency (ID) are frequent among Indigenous children of Canada, but few data are available in Quebec. The present study aimed to characterize anemia and ID prevalence and associated protective and risk factors among First Nations youth in Quebec.

Methods

The 2015 First Nations (JES!-YEH!) pilot study was conducted among children and adolescents (3 to 19 years; n = 198) from four First Nations communities in Quebec. Blood and urine samples and anthropometric measurements were collected. Hemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin (SF), plasma hs-CRP, and urinary cotinine levels were measured. Factors associated with anemia and ID (including traditional and market food consumption) were assessed using an interview-administered food frequency questionnaire, based on which nutritional intakes were calculated. Structural equation models were used to test associations.

Results

The prevalence of anemia and ID was elevated (16.8% and 20.5% respectively). Traditional meat, fruit, and fruit juice (natural and powdered)—via their positive association with vitamin C intake—were the only food variables positively associated with SF (coefficient [95% CI] 0.017 [0.000, 0.114]; 0.090 [0.027, 0.161]; and 0.237 [0.060, 0.411]). Male sex was also associated with higher SF (0.295 [0.093, 0.502]). Inflammation status (hs-CRP > 5 mg/L) was inversely associated with Hb (− 0.015 [− 0.025, − 0.005]), whereas SF was positively associated with Hb (0.066 [0.040, 0.096]). Fruit and juice consumption was also positively associated with Hb, via vitamin C intake and SF (0.004 [0.001, 0.010]; 0.008 [0.003, 0.017]).

Conclusions

Interventions fostering healthier food environments as well as higher consumption of traditional meats and foods naturally rich in vitamin C, which is known to enhance iron absorption, and fighting inflammation could contribute to decrease the high prevalence of anemia and ID in this young Indigenous population.
Social connection as a public health adaptation to extreme heat events
Authors: Kafeety Amani , Henderson Sarah B. , Lubik Amy , Kancir Jesse , Kosatsky Tom , Schwandt Michael
Published: March 2020

Climate change is an increasingly important public health issue, reflected in morbidity and mortality outcomes during extreme heat events. At the same time, the harms of social isolation with respect to a wide range of health outcomes are becoming better understood. Given that older adults are at higher risk during hot weather and at higher risk of social isolation, they are among those at highest risk for adverse impacts of extreme heat events. While specific strategies to reduce heat exposure have been described in the literature and promoted in public health practice, these may not be readily available to socially isolated older adults. As such, it is crucial to identify key approaches to address risk due to social isolation in the aging population, and to acknowledge their limitations and barriers. Interventions rooted in social connection, a concept widely applied in interventions for public health and social well-being, should be applied as a tool for adaptation to extreme heat events.
8.4 M Deep Space Habitat– Medical Bay Concept Design and Human Factors Engineering Analysis
Authors: Mancl Mary Claire Claire
Published: March 2020

Maintaining crew health throughout long duration deep space missions presents significant new design challenges. Since communication with Earth will be limited and it is not possible to return in the event of a medical emergency it is critical that medical care on a deep space mission be as autonomous as possible. The goal of this project was to design and assess a medical system concept for the Deep Space Habitat Concept Demonstrator derived from the core stage of the Space Launch System. The Medical Bay was designed as a primary location to support the medical care of 4 crew members on a 1000 day mission. It includes workspace, stowage, and direct access to all necessary medical equipment and supplies. A Human Factors Engineering (HFE) Analysis was conducted to test ergonomic effectiveness and system requirement compliance. This initial design will continue to be used by the HFE Team and the Advanced Concepts Office (ACO) at NASA’s Marshall Spaceflight Center (MSFC) for further demonstration, analysis, and design conception for deep space travel.
Common Envelope Evolution on a Moving Mesh
Authors: Prust Logan J.
Published: March 2020

The common envelope phase in binary star systems is simulated using the 3-D moving-mesh hydrodynamic code MANGA. Improvements to MANGA to improve accuracy and computation time are discussed. Two open questions in the physics of common envelope evolution are investigated. The effects of tidal forces present before the onset of a common envelope phase are explored by comparing simulations in which the giant star is initialized with varying degrees of rotation. The role of hydrogen recombination energy is investigated by using two different equations of state, only one of which includes the effects of recombination. Rotation is shown to increase the final binary separation, while recombination energy decreases the separation. Future improvements to MANGA to capture additional physics present in common envelopes are discussed.
Genomic DNA extraction from diatom P. multistriata v4
Authors: Teresa Russo Monia , Annunziata Rossella , Ferrante Mariella , Manfellotto Francesco
Published: March 2020

Genomic DNA extraction from diatom P. multistriata
Energy consumption and energy efficiency improvement of overhead crane’s mechanisms
Authors: Kosucki Andrzej , Stawiński Łukasz , Malenta Piotr , Zaczyński Jakub , Skowrońska Justyna
Published: March 2020

The article presents the numerical investigation of the overhead crane’s energy consumption. The analysis is based on the hybrid
model of the crane consisting of numerical model of drive mechanisms as bridge, trolley, hoist and also experimentally measured
power consumption of each control unit. The numerical model was verified experimentally on the real crane. The investigation
focuses on analyzing the energy consumption of the overhead crane in relation both to the travelled distance and also for the lifting and lowering heights of a suspended payload. Particular attention was paid on the cases straightly related to the hoist, as a
main factor of improvements in the energetic efficiency of the overhead crane. Energy consumption was investigated for a variety
of magnitudes of transported mass
Fatigue life prediction of a radial cylindrical roller bearing subjected to a combined load using FEM
Authors: Chudzik Agnieszka , Warda Bogdan
Published: March 2020

The article presents the results of studies on the impact of a combined load of a radial cylindrical roller bearing for its predicted
fatigue life. The distributions of maximum equivalent subsurface stresses and their depths, necessary during calculations of fatigue
life, were determined using the finite element method, using the basic package of the ANSYS program. The calculations took into
account the geometrical parameters of the bearing, including radial clearance and the shape of the rolling elements generators.
The calculation results showed that the axial load of the radial cylindrical roller bearing and the tilt of the rollers associated with
its operation reduces fatigue life. The obtained results were compared with the results of calculations according to the SKF catalogue method, obtaining satisfactory compliance.
Supraaortik multiple stenozlarda eş zamanlı balon anjiyoplasti ve stent implantasyonu
Authors: GÜNEŞLİ Aylin , AKGÜL Erol
Published: March 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı supraaortik çoklu stenotik lezyonlarda yapılan, eş zamanlı endovasküler tedavinin başarısı ile komplikasyonlarını değerlendirmektir.Gereç ve Yöntem: 1 Ocak-2004 ile 31 Aralık 2009 tarihler arasında supraaortik damar yatağında çoklu darlık nedeni ile perkütan girişimsel işlem uygulanan hastaların kayıtları geriye dönük incelendi. Doppler ultrasonografi, manyetik rezonans inceleme, bilgisayarlı tomografi veya dijital subtraksiyon anjiyografi ile supraaortik damarlarda %50 nin üzerinde darlık saptanması koşuluyla perkütan endovasküler girişim uygulanması kararı alındı. Klinik olarak en az 2 tane ciddi darlığı olan ve aynı seansta çoklu girişimsel işlem kararı verilen hastalar çalışmaya dahil edildi.Bulgular: Çalışmaya 6’sı kadın (%17,4) toplam 34 hasta (ortalama yaş 60,4±12,5) dahil edildi. Otuzdört hastada toplam 74 lezyona girişim uygulandı. Girişimlerin tamamında stent kullanıldı. Mortalite veya ciddi morbidite görülmedi. İşlemin teknik olarak akut başarısı %100’dü. Ortalama 29,5±18,3 aylık takipte, 4 hastada (%11,7) restenoz geliştiği görüldü. Bu hastalardan 3’üne tekrar girişim uygulandı.Sonuç: Çalışmamızın sonuçlarına göre supraaortik dallarda tıkayıcı aterosklerotik damar hastalığı gelişmesi durumunda endovasküler girişim güvenle uygulanabilir. Bu tedavinin mortalitesive morbiditesi oldukça düşüktür. Takiplerinde restenoz gelişen hastalara tekrar girişim güvenle uygulanabilir. Aynı hasta grubunda çoklu lezyon var ise aynı seansta çoklu girişim güvenle uygulanabilen bir tedavi seçeneğidir.
Higher mean platelet volume is accompanied with hyperthyroidism in patients with Graves’ disease
Authors: ŞİMSEK BAĞIR Gülay , ERTÖRER Melek Eda
Published: March 2020

Purpose: Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disease that is the most common cause of thyrotoxicosis. Thyrotoxicosis can cause a decrease in platelet survival time. Inflammation is an important stimulus for platelets and mean platelet volume (MPV) could be used a diagnostic marker which is an important determinant of platelet activity. In this study we aimed to evaluate whether MPV would be a useful inflammatory marker for evaluation of disease activity in patients with Graves’ disease.Materials and Methods: Two hundred twenty-nine patients (GD patients (Group 1); n=102 and patients with euthyroid nodular goiter (Group 2); n= 127) were included in this retrospective study. Serum TSH, fT3, fT4 and MPV levels were recorded at presentation and at first euthyroid period under ATD treatment in GD patients and at presentation in patients with euthyroid nodular goiter.Results: The mean age was 40.3±13.5 in Group 1 and 50.2±11.6 in Group 2. Mean initial MPV level did not differ between groups; 8.3±1.2 fL and 8.3±1.1 fL, respectively (p=0.9). We found that mean initial MPV was higher than the first euthyroid period MPV in Group 1; Graves’ group (8.3±1.2 fL vs 8.0±1.3 fL, p= 0.02). Conclusion: Higher initial MPV levels in Graves patients and significant drop following the restoration of hyperthyroidism may be due to hypermetabolism of hyperthyroidism.
Prevalence of vitamin D and B12 deficiency in pregnant women in Jammu, India
Authors: Kaur Sapneet , Kaur Harleen
Published: March 2020

Background: Micronutrient deficiency is pandemic proportions among pregnant women in India, but there is scarcity of searchable data on  coexistence vitamin D status  and Vitamin B 12 in pregnant women in Jammu and Kashmir, hence we have assessed the vitamin D as well as Vitamin B12 status in pregnant women attending outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital Jammu.Methods: The study was conducted in the department of Biochemistry Government Medical College Jammu during June 2019 to February, 2020 and after obtaining informed consent, a total of 150 pregnant women, attending SMGS Hospital Jammu were screened for their vitamin D (25 OH-D) and vitamin B12 status by using Abbott architect chemiluminescent micro particle immunoassay.Results: A total of 150 pregnant women were  screened in the study , 129 (86%) were found to be having insufficient vitamin D levels in their blood (<30 ngm/dl) and 105 ( 70%)  women showed severe deficiency with vitamin D levels below 20 ngm/dl.108 (72%) pregnant women had vitamin B12 deficiency with levels below 200 pgm/ml.Conclusions: The study revealed a high prevalence of coexistence of Vitamin D and Vitamin B12 deficiency in pregnant women, despite of abundant sunshine throughout the year and also with the consideration that people of this region are well off economically and can afford good nutrition.
Evaluation of type-2 diabetes mellitus patients for dyslipidemia in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Chokshi Janak G. , Gandhi Apal P. , Parmar Ishvarlal M. , Damor Dipen R.
Published: March 2020

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a syndrome consisting of metabolic, vascular and neuropathic components that are interrelated. Diabetes mellitus is associated with a considerably increased risk of premature atherosclerosis, particularly coronary heart disease (CHD) and peripheral arterial disease. Dyslipidemia is a common feature of diabetes. There is an association between atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.Methods: The study was done on 50 adult diabetes mellitus (T2) patients from IPD of General Medicine wards at SMS Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat. 50 healthy age and sex matched healthy volunteers were taken as control. They were evaluated for lipid profile i.e., Total Cholesterol (TC),Triglyceride (TG), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), High density lipoprotein (HDL), Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and glycemic status i.e., Fasting blood glucose (FBS), Postprandial 2 hours blood glucose (PP2BS) & Glycosylated haemoglobin(HbA1C).Results: Diabetic cases had statistically highly significant (p<0.001) elevated levels of total Cholesterol, Triglycerides and VLDL as compared to controls. Serum TG, serum TC, LDL-C and VLDL-C had positive correlation with the postprandial plasma glucose, fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c.Conclusions: Significant correlations between HbA1c levels and lipid levels point towards the usefulness of HbA1c for screening high-risk diabetic patients. High TC, TG, LDL-C and HbA1c with normal or low HDL-C is seen in almost all diabetic patients either alone or in combinations.
Study of anaemia profile in a tertiary care hospital in Karnataka, India
Authors: Patil Appu
Published: March 2020

Background: Anaemia is a major public health problem worldwide especially in developing countries like India. Nutritional cause of anaemia continues to predominate as the most common cause of anaemia. Objective of this study is to determine the clinical and laboratory profile of anaemia among patients admitted to our hospital.Methods: Our study was a prospective study in which thirty nine patients of anemia admitted to Medicine ward in SNMC and HSK hospital were studied for their clinical and laboratory characteristics. Duration of the study was 7 months from July 2019 to January 2020.Results: Anaemia was more common among females (65.1% of total patients). Patients aged less than 60 years contributed to 85% of patients. Pallor was the universal finding present in 100% of patients. On systemic examination haemic murmurs on auscultation was the most common finding present in 28.2% followed by hepatomegaly (17.94%). Microcytic and dimorphic anaemia constitute the bulk of anaemia.Conclusions: Nutritional anaemia particularly iron deficiency anaemia is the most common cause of anaemia. It tends to affect the working age group and females predominantly. Patients continue to present with severe anaemia to the hospital.
Body shaming among school-going adolescents: prevalence and predictors
Authors: Gam Rahul Taye , Singh Shivendra Kumar , Manar Manish , Kar Sujita Kumar , Gupta Abhishek
Published: March 2020

Background: The transition from childhood to adulthood is marked by dramatic physical, mental, sexual, psychological and social developmental changes. These tumultuous years can have long term consequences for the individual, especially when it comes to mental health. Body shaming, weight shaming or appearance-based harassment can be described as the act of mocking or humiliating someone based on their physical appearance. It often leads to low self-esteem, low body dissatisfaction, and depressive symptoms, which is consistent with the growing body of work emphasizing the harmful role of appearance-based harassment among youth. The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of body shaming among school-going adolescents and to assess the distribution and relationship of body shaming with various factors.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 4 schools of Lucknow with 200 participants from each school. They filled anonymous self-administered questionnaires and as a part of the study their height and weight measurements were also taken. Multi-stage random sampling was done to select the sample population from classes 9th to 12th.Results: A total of 44.9 percent (n=359) participants responded to have been body shamed at least once in the past one year. It is maximum among boys in co-ed schools and least among girls in single-gender schools.Conclusions: The prevalence observed in the present study is higher than global reports, thus drawing attention to the need for similar studies on the subject.
Morphological and histological variations in livers and its embryological correlation
Authors: Srivastava Stuti , Zubair Khan Abeer
Published: March 2020

To study the variations in gross morphology and any change in histological architecture in cadaveric liver specimens and correlate with development in intrauterine life.

The livers were obtained from the cadavers during dissection and museum in the department of Anatomy, MCI recognized private medical college in North India. The morphological and histological observations were documented.

Morphological variations were observed and classified. Histologically all specimens appeared to be normal.

The knowledge of such variations is important to anatomists, morphologists and embryologists for developmental anomalies. This will be beneficial for the surgeons for planning surgery involving liver and radiologists for interpretation of CT scans and MRI images.
Evaluation of thyroid profile and renal function tests in chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: L Manohari A , Pathan Firoz
Published: March 2020

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global epidemic condition and nowadays it has become a major public health concern imposing huge socioeconomic burden. In patients of CKD patients thyroid profile gets deranged due to abnormal metabolism in the thyroid hormones.

The present study was planned to evaluate the thyroid hormones T3, T4, TSH ,blood urea and serum creatinine levels as markers of renal function inpatients of CKD.

In the present case control study, 37 patients with CKD with and without hemodialysis and 30 healthy age and sex matched controls were enrolled to evaluate the thyroid dysfunction and renal function tests. Cases fulfilling inclusion criteria attending Nephrology Department and Dialysis unit in King George hospital, Visakhapatnam were included in the study.

In this study, out of 37 cases 27 CKD patients were having treatment without dialysis and 10 CKD patients were on hemodialysis. 3(11%) cases out of 27 CKD patients without hemodialysis were observed to be hypothyroid and 3(30%) cases out of 10 CKD on hemodialysis were hypothyroid. The incidence of hypothyroidism is 16.2% in CKD patients.

In our study, the difference in mean values of T3 was statistically significant in cases compared to controls unlike T4 and TSH which indicates association of lower T3 syndrome with CKD.
Cultivo de milho crioulo para silagem em sistemas tradicional e agroflorestal
Authors: Matos Davi Moreira , Gomes Silas Primola , Rocha Amanda Cardoso , França Andrezza Araújo de , Aguiar Maria Ivanilda de , Silva Fred Denilson Barbosa da
Published: March 2020

Avaliou-se a produção e a qualidade da silagem de milho crioulo produzida no sistema no sistema agroflorestal (SAF) em comparação ao produzido no tradicional (ST). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos e seis repetições. A ensilagem foi feita em silos experimentais de laboratório. Foram realizadas avaliações físicas e organolépticas (proporção de grãos, odor, cor, umidade e tamanho de partícula), determinação dos parâmetros agronômicos (estádio dos grãos, altura, número de folhas seca e peso das frações das plantas) e do teor de matéria seca (MS). A altura das plantas variou nos sistemas ST e SAF, sendo 15,55% superior no ST. No ST o componente colmo teve maior participação na massa da planta (49,41%), seguido das folhas (25,96%) , superando os valores obtidos no SAF. Os valores de MS no colmo (23,48%), folha (40,65%), palha (37,73%), sabugo (31,63%) e grãos (32,28%) das plantas colhidas no ST foram inferiores aos verificados no SAF, que apresentou, respectivamente para essas frações 26,72, 59,37, 66,09, 44,30 e 43,04%. Os teores de MS das silagens de milho (planta inteira) não diferiram entre os dois sistemas, sendo de 31,35% para o ST e de 33,06% para o SAF, com teor médio de 32,2%. O cultivo de milho no SAF apresenta menor potencial de produção da fração fibrosa (colmo e folhas) do que no ST, porém verificou-se maior produção de grãos no SAF. A silagem produzida apresentou teor de MS adequado em ambos os sistemas.
Queratina de penas de frangos nas propriedades de biofilmes de amido de milho-glicerol
Authors: Costa Djeson Mateus Alves da , Oliveira Raniely Alves de
Published: March 2020

Plásticos biodegradáveis à base de amido têm adquirido bastante importância tendo em vista a sua possibilidade de substituir os plásticos convencionais derivados de fontes fósseis. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito da adição de queratina (0, 10 e 20%, em relação à quantidade de amido), oriunda de penas de frangos, nas propriedades de biofilmes de amido de milho-glicerol. Os filmes foram obtidos por casting e os ensaios para obtenção e caracterização dos mesmos foram conduzidos nos laboratórios de Físico-química e de Processos Químicos do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Nova Cruz. Avaliou-se os parâmetros espessura, gramatura, densidade, transparência, umidade, solubilidade em água, permeabilidade ao vapor de água e transparência dos biofilmes. Os valores da transparência, espessura, gramatura e densidade não foram afetados com os tratamentos, enquanto que, os da solubilidade em água e da taxa de permeação ao vapor de água dos filmes reduziram com o aumento da quantidade de queratina.
Sustentabilidade em sistemas produtivos no município de Serraria, Paraíba
Authors: Lima Juliana Ferreira de , Souza Jair Batista de , Barbosa Alex Da Silva
Published: March 2020

A adoção de práticas agroecológicas como consórcio e sistemas agroflorestais mostram-se eficazes na melhoria e manutenção da qualidade dos solos, sendo imprescindível a delimitação de fatores que possam estar relacionados a preservação da fertilidade dos solos. Os indicadores de sustentabilidade de solos participativos caracterizam-se pela sua facilidade na aplicação, podendo serem utilizados pelos próprios agricultores e contribuindo com melhorias nos sistemas de produção da agricultura familiar. Objetivou-se quantificar os níveis de resiliência e diversidade nos diferentes agroecossistemas localizados no município de Serraria, Paraíba. Os agroecossistemas estudados possuíam três consórcios, três monocultivos e três áreas em transição para um sistema agroflorestal. Para o estudo foi utilizado o Diagnóstico Rural Participativo como ferramenta combinada com o método de atribuição de notas aplicados para os indicadores sociais, econômicos e sustentáveis. Em todos os sistemas não são utilizados fertilizantes químicos solúveis industrializados e agrotóxicos em seu manejo, sendo o modelo de produção familiar. A partir das análises pode-se concluir que em áreas pequenas de monocultivo é possível garantir um certo nível de resiliência do agroecossistema, quando trabalhado de maneira em atinência aos princípios do manejo e conservação.
Impactos Ambientais na Vertente Oeste da Serra de São José, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
Authors: Chaves José Ilanio , Pinto Filho Jorge Luís Oliveira , Silva Vandygna Emiliana Chaves da
Published: March 2020

A análise integrada dos componentes ambientais, principalmente no semiárido nordestino, é uma ação primordial para analisar os processos atuantes na modelagem e na estrutura do território. O objetivo deste trabalho é expressar o quadro ambiental da vertente Oeste da Serra de São José, Rio Grande do Norte, através do diagnóstico dos recursos naturais da região e identificação dos impactos que se distribuem sobre sua extensão ambiental. Para isso, faz-se uso do método sistêmico por conceber essas unidades ambientais como complexos organizados em que são estabelecidos processos dinâmicos que modelam a paisagem e redefinem seus espaços. Acrescenta ainda a realização de levantamentos descritivos e exploratórios (campo), representações cartográficas na escala de 1:1 mil acerca de seus elementos naturais e formas de usos desenvolvidos, com a finalidade de compreender os impactos que se distribuem nesse território. Observou-se mudança significativa na paisagem da vertente serrana, pela descaracterização de sua vegetação que vem conduzindo a uma instabilidade de algumas áreas de seu relevo, já que este ambiente apresenta uma taxa altimétrica considerável, com a presença de escarpas bem definidas. Para tanto, faz-se necessário traçar diretrizes de planejamento ambiental que minimizem os impactos que possam estar ocorrendo nesse território, possibilitando a manutenção e a conservação de todos os seus recursos.
Determining Components of Medical Instructional Design based on Virtual Reality by Research Synthesis
Authors: Rasouli B , Aliabadi Kh , Pourrosstai Aradkani S , Ahmady S , Asgari M
Published: March 2020

Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to determine the components of medical education design based on virtual reality by research synthesis method.
Methods: In the present study a synthesis method was used. In order to study the research background and to collect appropriate data among the databases of Science Direct, Springer, Scopus, ProQuest and Eric (ERIC) search. With the keywords of Educational Design, Virtual Reality, Medical Education, Augmented Reality, Research Synthesis identified from 150 external research cases (English language) between 2006 and 2019 and finally 20 of them with the most coordination and proportion were selected for evaluation.
Result: By reviewing articles and themes analysis, medical education design has five main components that are as follows: 1- Analytical component including determining educational needs, defining learner characteristics, defining theoretical framework, defining characteristics of virtual reality technology, forming a corporate team. Designer, conduct feasibility study and determine the type of content suitable for presentation through virtual reality. Design component includes defining general goals, targeting goals that are achievable by virtual reality, defining features of a virtual reality-based learning environment (free routing, first-person, third-person vision), determining the type of interaction (visual, photo, touch). Virtual and immersion, defining educational strategies (small and large), determining the level of reality, determining the content and organizing it (navigation) 3. Component of production and production including: scenario design, user interface design, content design, design Avatar, Training Agent Design, Virtual Reality Modeling, Platform Development (Hardware and Software) 4. Support and Implementation including Training Implementation, System Integration Virtual education in curriculum, support (technical and educational) 5. Evaluation component including formative evaluation, aggregate evaluation, ease of use evaluation, small group evaluation, large group evaluation, virtual reality based learning environment and platform evaluation (software and hardware).
Conclusion: With respect to that the components of medical education design based on virtual reality have been identified, it is recommended that the medical education process be organized according to the components of educational design and that educational principles and processes be designed according to the capacity of virtual reality technology.
The education effect based on Reflective Education on critical thinking skills of midwifery students
Authors: Mirkazehi Rigi Z , Tafazoli M , Karimi Mooneghi H , Taghipour A
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Enhancing critical thinking is a challenge faced in Medical profession. Evaluation of data and choosing proper solution to reach a correct decision needs skillful thinking. One method of critical thinking, is conducive reflective Education to promoting the process of problem solving. Present studies is aimed at determining the education effect based on Reflective Education on critical thinking skills of midwifery students.
Methods: this semi experimental study or multi-group of pre and post training study design was performed on 60 midwifery students in Mashhad school of nursing and midwifery in 2016. The samples were selected by the convenience method and were randomly divided into two groups of Reflective Education based group and routine group. Content was similar in both groups. Data collecting tool was Watson Glaser test questionnaire. Students of based on Reflective Education group were trained by Experience writing, feedback, summaries for six hours during two weeks. Students of routine group were trained by lecture for six hours during two weeks. They were filled the Watson Glaser critical thinking test in the before and 1 month after study. Data was analyzed by SPSS software version 16 and descriptive statistical test, Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon test, Friedman test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Result: The results indicated that one month after intervention, critical thinking skills were significantly increased in two groups (P < 0.05) and in critical thinking based group were more increased than routine group.
Conclusion: The gained information of this study could be the first step for doing researches to find better ways of intervening curriculum in order to promote critical thinking dimensions.
East Asia's Strategies for Effective Response to COVID-19: Lessons Learned for Iran
Authors: Doshmangir Leila , Mahbub Ahari Alirez , Qolipour Kamal , Azami Saber , Kalankesh Leyla , Doshmangir Parinaz , Mobasseri Khorshid , Khodayari-Zarnaq Rahim
Published: March 2020

The spread of the new Corona virus, known as COVID-19, has raised concerns and problems for many countries, and its out-of-China exposure is worryingly increasing. This trend is increasing in our country as well and has reached a critical point in some of the infected cities. This article attempts to provide appropriate strategies for controlling the virus for Iran based on the East Asia countries response that have had the first and most exposure to the virus.
Jak porównywać obrazy Europy? Refleksje teoretyczno-metodologiczne po lekturze "Leksykonu aksjologicznego Słowian i ich sąsiadów"
Authors: Czachur Waldemar
Published: March 2020

Celem pracy jest analiza porównawcza konceptu/pojęcia EUROPA w językach polskim i niemieckim. Badanie porównawcze przeprowadzone jest w oparciu o analizy owych konceptów zaprezentowanych w Leksykonie aksjologicznym Słowian i ich sąsiadów w tomie drugim, poświęconym Europie (2018). W tym kontekście omówiono również główne założenia teoretyczne i metodyczne istotne dla badań porównawczych, w tym sposób tworzenia tertium comparationis.
Googlować, trollować, tweetować…, czyli nowe zapożyczenia czasownikowe w języku użytkowników internetu
Authors: Kacperska Beata
Published: March 2020

Celem artykułu jest usystematyzowanie informacji na temat nowych konstrukcji werbalnych w polszczyźnie, które tematycznie są związane z aktywnością w przestrzeni internetowej, w tym z korzystaniem z mediów społecznościowych, i w których wykorzystuje się obce bazy słowotwórcze. Materiał badawczy składa się z 48 zapożyczeń czasownikowych i został sklasyfikowany pod względem słowotwórczym (pod uwagę wzięto podstawy i formanty). W ten sposób wyróżniono trzy typy nowych czasowników: z podstawami w postaci nazw własnych, wyrazów pospolitych i rodzimych odpowiedników anglicyzmów. Następnie na podobieństwo haseł słownikowych opisano trzy wybrane zapożyczenia czasownikowe: googlować, trollować i tweetować.
La résolution des traumatismes en complément du traitement standard des abuseurs d'enfants: Étude qualitative
Authors: Ricci Ronald J. , Clayton Cheryl A.
Published: March 2020

Une analyse documentaire des modèles actuels de traitement des agresseurs d'enfants et des théories contemporaines de l'étiologie donne à penser qu'il existe un écart entre la théorie et la pratique. On reconnaît de plus en plus l'importance d'aborder les questions étiologiques dans le traitement des délinquants sexuels, et pourtant de nombreux programmes sont réticents à aborder les séquelles traumatiques d'abus sexuels infantiles (ASI) chez les délinquants sexuels qui en ont subi. L'ajout du traitement des traumatismes au traitement standard des délinquants sexuels est apparu comme un moyen de combler une partie de cet écart. Dix agresseurs d'enfants ayant rapporté avoir des antécédents d'ASI ont ainsi été traités par EMDR (désensibilisation et retraitement par les mouvements oculaires). Suite à l'ajout de cette composante de résolution des traumatismes, on a constaté des améliorations dans les six sous-échelles de l'échelle d'évaluation du traitement des délinquants sexuels ainsi qu'une diminution de l'excitation idiosyncrasique déviante, mesurée par le pléthysmographe pénien. La présente étude passe en revue les données qualitatives recueillies au cours du traitement et des entretiens post-traitement.
Does Fetal Gender Really Affects Neonatal Birth Weight and Gestational Age at Birth? A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kumar Naina , Yadav Ashu
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to understand the impact of fetal gender on neonatal birth weight for the gestational age at the time of birth. Only neonates with a gestational age of 28 weeks or more than 28 weeks were included in the study.

METHODS

This prospective study was conducted within the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of a rural tertiary center in Northern India. The study was conducted after ethical clearance and informed consent from participants who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Data collection included neonatal gender, birth weight, Apgar scores, and gestational age. Neonates were delivered vaginally or by cesarean section at 28 or more weeks of gestation. Statistical analysis was done using version SPSS-22 software.

RESULTS

Of 2,997 live fetuses, 1,574 (52.5%) were male, 1,421 (47.4%) were female, and 2 (0.07%) had ambiguous genitalia. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) for male neonate's birth weight was 2.79 ± 0.503 kg (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.76–2.81), for females 2.67 ± 0.485 kg (95% CI: 2.64–2.69) respectively (p = .000). Males had lower Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes of age compared to females (7.06 ± 0.859, 8.83 ± 0.838 vs. 7.12 ± 0.645, 8.88 ± 0.612). There were no significant difference between fetal gender and gestational age at birth (18% females were preterm vs. 15.4% males, 81.8% females were term vs. 84.2% males, 0.1% females post-term vs. 0.4% males; p = .079).

CONCLUSION

Fetal gender was related to birth weight. Male neonates had a higher birth weight, but lower Apgar scores than female neonates. Fetal gender was not correlated with gestational age at the time of birth.
Birth and the Big Bad Wolf: Biocultural Evolution and Human Childbirth, Part 1
Authors: Cheyney Melissa , Davis-Floyd Robbie
Published: March 2020

In this two-part article, we reflect on the evolution of human childbirth by combining our respective expertise in folklore and interpretive anthropology (Davis-Floyd) and physiologic birth (Cheyney). In Part 1, we follow six little folkloric pigs from the beginnings of human history through to the present, adapting the well-known tale of “The Three Little Pigs and the Big Bad Wolf.” Using this tale as a metaphorical device, we explore complex relationships between humans and nature, society, and childbirth through a description of the six basic subsistence strategies humans have developed over time—foraging, horticulture, agriculture, pastoralism, industrialism, and the technocracy, reflecting on how these ways of life connect to birthing practices. We argue that despite vast cultural differences in the treatment of birth—including those few cultures where solitary birth is valued—premodern, pre-industrial birthways had much in common, such as labor accompaniment, upright positions, and freedom of movement during labor and birth. These similarities were supplanted during the Industrial Revolution with the subsequent growth of technocratic societies and replaced by an also very similar set of birthing practices. However, these technocratic approaches do very little to support, and often even undermine, our evolved birthing biologies. Throughout, we use the Big Bad Wolf as a metaphor for the wild, untamed, and sometimes intense power of nature (and also of unmedicated birth), and ask, what does the Big Bad Wolf have to teach us about how we support and perform childbirth today?
Antecedents and Consequences of Using Social Media for Personal Finance
Authors: Cao Yingxia , Gong Fengmei , Zeng Tong
Published: March 2020

This study was intended to find out whether social media could be a solution to improve personal financial literacy and ability. The authors examined the antecedents and consequences of using social media for personal finance with survey data from 359 individuals who used social media tools to view, learn, post, or ask for financial information or advice. They found that usefulness and compatibility were two reasons why people use social media for personal finance, while ease of use and concerns/risks were not. The study also revealed that social media use for personal finance were associated with positive financial outcomes and user satisfaction, which in turn prompted users' intentions to continue using social media for personal finance in the future. These findings suggested that social media could be a legitimate and fruitful source for individuals and financial industry to improve personal financial well-being.
Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Maslach Burnout Inventory to Measure Burnout Syndrome in Critical Care Nurses
Authors: Schneider Alexandra , Forster Jeri E. , Mealer Meredith
Published: March 2020

Background and Purpose

Burnout syndrome is common in critical care nursing. The Critical Care Societies Collaborative recently released a joint statement and call to action on burnout in critical care professionals.

Methods

We conducted an exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the 22-item MBI.

Results

The exploratory factor analysis identified three factors but after questions were removed; we were left with a 2-factor, 10-item abridged version of the MBI-HSS to test with CFA modeling. The CFA indicated conflicting fit indices.

Conclusions

we conducted an exploratory and CFA of the abridged MBI-HSS in critical care nurses from the United States and found the two-factor model was the best fit achieved.
Development of the Pediatric Advanced Life Support Skills Self-Efficacy Inventory to Assess Rural Healthcare Providers
Authors: Stellflug Stacy M. , Lowe Nancy K.
Published: March 2020

Background and Purpose

Rural healthcare provider's willingness to implement pediatric resuscitation may be impeded by comfort level. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Pediatric Advanced Life Support Skill Self-Efficacy Inventory (PALS-SSEI).

Methods

A 19-item inventory was created based on PALS skills. The PALS-SSEI was completed by 94 participants in a study to test the effects of simulation training on PALS knowledge and skill.

Results

Six clinical content experts rated the content validity of the PALS-SSEI as high. Item and factor analysis supported the tool's construct validity. A Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.88 supported the internal consistency of the tool.

Conclusions

The PALS-SSEI demonstrated good initial psychometric properties. The tool can be used to assess self-efficacy for PALS skills among healthcare providers.