bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Оптимізація сумісного прийняття рішень авіаційними фахівцями в аварій-них ситуаціях внаслідок вулканічної активності
Authors: Шмельова Т.Ф. , Сікірда Ю.В. , Яцко М.М. , Стратонов В.М.
Published: November 2024

З 1953 по 2009 рік дев’ять випадків потрапляння повітряних суден у хмари вулканічного попелу супроводжувалися відмовою двигуна(ів) під час польоту. В подібних аварійних ситуаціях (АС) велике значення має оперативна взаємодія між пілотом, диспетчером управління повітряним рухом та фахівцями з пошуку та рятування. Проте міжпрофесійна взаємодія авіаційних фахівців наразі недостатньо розвинена для ефективного прийняття оптимальних рішень. Тому розробка ефективних моделей сумісного прийняття рішень (collaborative decision making – CDM) авіаційними фахівцями в АС є актуальною проблемою. Авторами запропоновано багатоетапне моделювання CDM у разі виникнення АС з поступовим залученням додаткових авіаційних фахівців до прийняття рішень. У роботі наведено дерево рішень, мережеві графіки та матриці рішень для авіаційних фахівців. Інтеграція нестохастичних, стохастичних та детермінованих CDM‑моделей дозволяє перейти від складного до простого CDM-процесу шляхом синхронізації спільних дій авіаційних фахівців у ключових точках мультиальтернативної взаємодії в умовах невизначеності та мінімізувати потенційний ризик/збитки. Авторами також було представлено навчальний приклад CDM в АС “Втрата тяги на обох двигунах внаслідок потрапляння у хмару вулканічного попелу з подальшим приводненням” протягом польоту Cessna 310 з Неаполя до Палермо. Визначено оптимальні рішення на основі об’єктивних та суб’єктивних факторів за критеріями Вальда, Лапласа та Гурвіца. Спрощені детерміновані CDM-моделі в АС після інтеграції стохастичних і нестохастичних моделей в умовах невизначеності можуть використовуватись у системах штучного або гібридного інтелекту для отримання оптимальних спільних рішень.
AMACINA ULAŞAMAYAN BİR HAK: ÜCRETİN ÖDENMEMESİ NEDENİYLE İŞ GÖRMEKTEN KAÇINMA HAKKI
Authors: Pekşen Miraç Şamil
Published: November 2024

Ücretin ödenmemesi nedeniyle iş görmekten kaçınma hakkı, 22 Mayıs 2002 tarih ve 4857 sayılı İş Kanununun 34’üncü maddesinde düzenlenmiştir. Anılan düzenleme, ücreti yirmi gün içerisinde ödenmeyen işçiye iş sözleşmesini sona erdirmeden kısa süre içerisinde ücretini alma olanağı sağladığı için oldukça önemlidir. Ancak ücretin ödenmemesi nedeniyle iş görmekten kaçınma hakkının uygulaması, hakkın önemine nazaran oldukça azdır. Bu durum, hakkın amacına ulaşamadığının önemli bir göstergesidir.

Çalışmamızda, ücretin ödenmemesi nedeniyle iş görmekten kaçınma hakkının neden amacına ulaşamadığı incelenecektir. Bunun için öncelikle söz konusu hakka ilişkin bilgiler verilecek ve öğreti görüşlerinden yararlanılarak hakkın amacının ne olduğu tespit edilecektir. Ardından iş görmekten kaçınma hakkının amacına ulaşamadığı yönündeki görüşümüz gerekçeleriyle ortaya koyulacaktır. Son aşamada ise tespit ettiğimiz sorunların çözümü için atılması gereken adımlara değinilecektir.
Gendering a Bodhisattva: Images of Avalokiteshvara in Medieval and Early Modern Korea
Authors: Shin Soyeon
Published: November 2024

Avalokiteshvara images in Korea, while adhering to traditional Buddhist artistic conventions, exhibit a different approach to gender than their Chinese counterparts, where the feminization of Avalokiteshvara is more explicitly evident. However, historical records such as Samguk Yusa 三國遺事 and The Tale of Prince Anrakkuk 安樂國太子傳, attest to the wide awareness of the femininity of Avalokiteshvara, which determined the identity, visual representation, functions, and roles of Avalokiteshvara images. While the paintings of Water-moon Avalokiteshvara from Mount Potalaka during the Koryŏ period emphasize masculine features in the depiction of the body, they were at times conflated with the femininity that was characteristic of the White-robed Avalokiteshvara, a result of the popular Avalokiteshvara cult at Naksan. This dual visual representation of Water-moon Avalokiteshvara invites more careful interpretation through a gender perspective. In contrast, writings by contemporary literati portray the White-robed Avalokiteshvara as distinctly feminine and characterized by modest and serene features. Additionally, with the spread of esoteric rituals and the circulation of Thousand-hand Sutra (Ch'ŏnsugyŏng 千手經), the roles of Water-moon Avalokiteshvara and Thousand-armed Avalokiteshvara expanded, becoming symbols of motherhood that bestowed and protected children. Avalokiteshvara images of medieval and early modern Korea embodied a range of gender identities and meanings, reaflecting the complex interplay of masculinity and femininity in their religious and cultural roles.
The Representation of Women in Kamnodo of the Chosŏn Dynasty and Its Significance
Authors: Jeong Myounghee
Published: November 2024

In the Buddhist paintings known as Nectar Ritual Painting (Kamnodo 甘露圖), which depicts the ritual of food offering (sesik 施食) for hungry ghosts (agwi 餓鬼), there are various representations of women, including nuns and laywomen, engaged in different roles. Although Chosŏn society was built upon Neo-Confucian ideals that imposed restrictions on women's religious activities, Buddhism, which promote religious practice without gender discrimination, offered female practitioners a sense of equality, fulfillment in their vows, and liberation. Of the seventy known works of Kamnodo, around forty feature depictions of nuns, providing valuable historical evidence about Buddhist nuns and their representation. In addition, women in professional roles within Chosŏn society, such as court ladies (sanggung), female shaman and female entertainer (sadang), are depicted as central figures in Kamnodo. Importantly, these women often acted as patrons for the creation of such painting. The continued Buddhist sponsorship from female devotees contributed to the translation of sacred scriptures into Han'gŭl and fostered the development of narrative painting genres like Kamnodo, which were used as visual aids in Buddhist lectures. While Kamnodo is primarily a religious painting aimed at making intangible spiritual beliefs visible, it also serves as a historical record. Created for the salvation of souls, it reflects the ideals, desires, and, at times, the fears of the community, offering key insights into the social conditions of the time. By examining the meanings and transformations seen in Kamnodo, we can gain a deeper understanding of gender perception in Chosŏn Buddhist art.
Zeolite Stone Buddha Sculptures (pulsŏkche) in the Kyŏngsang Province during the Late Chosŏn Dynasty: Production and Transportation
Authors: Yoo Daeho
Published: November 2024

The rising popularity of zeolite stone Buddhist sculptures (pulsŏkche) during the late Chosŏn Dynasty meant that temples and monk-artisans encountered new challenges. The material properties of stone, difficult to transport and limited by regional availability, posed logistical difficulties. Unlike traditional materials like wood or clay, which artisans could work with directly at the temple, stone Buddha statues often required production at a separate location from their enshrinement site. Dedicated workshops, referred to as pulsangso 佛像所 (Buddha statue production site) and chosangch'ŏ 造像處 (statue manufacturing place), were established near stone quarries for the purpose of producing these statues. This indicates that artisans likely completed the sculpting process in these workshops, particularly in ones near Kyŏngju, before transporting the sculptures to their final destinations for eye-opening ceremonies and installation in the main hall. This separation between production and enshrinement reshaped the roles and task delegation among monk-artisan groups. The responsibilities of the chŭngmyŏng (證明, the monk overseeing Buddhist projects and the ritual of depositing votive objects) became increasingly limited in stone Buddha production. On the other hand, monks involved in the image-making process took on a broader range of tasks, from procuring the raw material to carving, to depositing offerings inside the statues. Unlike those who primarily worked with wood and managed the entire production of Buddha images, pedestals, and votive plaques, the monk-artisans working with zeolite stone focused exclusively on the creation of the stone images.
The Administration of the Chinwangbu System during the Korean Empire and Imperial Prince Yŏng’s Productions of Calligraphy and Painting
Authors: Hwang Jung-yon
Published: November 2024

This paper examines how the newly introduced Imperial Prince System (ch'inwangje 親王制) and the management of the Imperial Prince’s Bureau (ch'inwangbu 親王府) in the Korean Empire shaped the early education of calligraphy and painting and artistic activities of imperial prince Yŏng 英親王 (1897~1970). The ch'inwangje system during the Korean Empire was modeled after the Tang dynasty’s royal title system and governmental structures, illustrating Emperor Kojong’s strong interest in the education and cultivation of the prince’s qualities. Imperial prince Yŏng, who developed a notable interest in calligraphy and painting, appears to have received a systemized education from an early age with the guidance of several teachers. While the previous scholarship dealt mostly with Kim Kyu-jin 金圭鎭 (1868~1933) as a primary role in the prince’s education, this study sheds new light on the contributions of An T'aek-chung 安宅重 (1858~1929), who served as a teaching official at the Suhagwŏn Royal Academy and as a tutor to the Crown Prince. Imperial prince Yŏng’s extant work can be categorized into two distinct phases: those produced before the age of ten, which are mostly limited to calligraphy, and works from his later years that demonstrate modern education, as seen in Imperial prince Yŏng’s Childhood Calligraphy and Paintings 英親王幼年時書畵. Considering that Imperial prince Yŏng was trained in both traditional and modern styles of calligraphy and painting, An’s artistic endeavors during his time in the prince’s household offer valuable insights into the nature of court art during the Korean Empire era. Furthermore, they contribute to a broader understanding of the impact of modern art education in Korea across different social strata during this period.
A Critical Review of Su Shi’s Inland True-Portrait from Nanxun Hall: Examining Fa Shishan, Wang Wengao, and their Claims
Authors: Kim Woollim
Published: November 2024

This paper traces the development of the theory surrounding the Nanxun Hall 南薰殿, which became a widely accepted orthodoxy in East Asia during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, within the broader context of the increasing reverence for Su Shi (蘇軾 1037~1101). In 1802, Qing scholar Fa Shishan (法式善 1753~1813) conducted an inspection of portraits stored in the Nanxun Hall, leading to rumors that a portrait he reported to Weng Fanggang (翁方綱 1733~1818) was part of the imperial collection housed there. After the deaths of Fa Shishan and Weng Fanggang, this theory gained widespread acceptance, particularly through the influence of literati like Wang Wengao (王文誥 1764~?), and eventually became solidified as fact. The term ‘Portrait from Nanxun Hall’ or ‘Inland True-Portrait’ (海內眞像) emerged to describe these portraits, and the theory was disseminated widely, even reaching Chosŏn Korea.In this paper, I challenge the prevailing scholarly consensus, providing concrete evidence that the portrait copied by Fa Shishan was not the genuine from Nanxun Hall, but rather a version owned by Mengshan Jushi (夢禪居士, 1777~1840), based on the figural iconography from the Illustrated Compendium of the Three Realms (Sancai Tuhui 三才圖會). Furthermore, I demonstrate how the so-called ‘Portrait from Nanxun Hall,’ which had been criticized and largely disregarded following Weng Fanggang’s evaluation, was later revived in a different form by Wang Wengao under the name ‘Inland True-Portrait.’ Finally, I elucidate the origins of the iconography associated with these portraits, which has remained ambiguous.By reevaluating the intellectual circle of Fa Shishan and their arguments, which have received limited scholarly attention, this study presents a fresh perspective and analytical framework that deepens our understanding of the pluralistic literary scene in 19th-century East Asia.
Pedagogical Exercise on the Development of an Electrochemical Ammonium Sulfate Sensor
Authors: Garay Linda Esperanza Bertel , VERA EFRÉN DAVID MONTES
Published: November 2024

Electrochemical sensors and biosensors have garnered increasing attention in scientific research due to their efficacy in detecting molecules of interest across various fields such as medicine, the food industry, and agriculture. These sensors offer numerous advantages, including cost-effectiveness, rapid response times, well-established methodologies in electrochemistry, sensitivity, and selectivity.Introducing students to this area during their early professional training enables them to develop electrochemical sensors during postgraduate studies or in research-oriented roles within industry. This study presents a guide for constructing an electrochemical ammonium sulfate sensor using simple and cost-effective materials, along with the determination of the calibration curve equation and the limit of detection for the proposed electrochemical sensor. The results demonstrate that the sensor exhibits acceptable sensitivity for detecting ammonium sulfate within the μM range.
Personality traits, blood, organ, and body donation: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Stahlmann Alexander Georg , Bleidorn Wiebke
Published: November 2024

Blood donation, posthumous organ donation, and bodily donation to science are key forms of health-related philanthropy that support healthcare in ways that paid or coerced labor cannot fulfill. Theory suggests that personality traits may predict differences in health-related philanthropy, though the available evidence has been mixed. This meta-analysis combined data from 10 studies with 7,549 participants to provide reliable estimates of the association between Big Five personality traits and indicators of blood donation, posthumous organ donation, and bodily donation to science. Results showed that extraversion consistently predicted health-related philanthropy across indicators. Additionally, openness and extraversion positively predicted blood donation, while neuroticism was a negative predictor. Agreeableness positively predicted posthumous organ donation, while conscientiousness did not predict any form of health-related philanthropy. These findings highlight the modest but meaningful role of personality traits in predicting health-related philanthropy and suggest applications for personality-targeted outreach to increase donation rates.
The Impact of Deep Learning-based Remote Sensing on Urban Heat Island Mitigation in Los Angeles (2015-2023)
Authors: Zhou Cheng , Bai Ling
Published: November 2024

This paper explores the impact of deep learning-based remote sensing technologies on mitigating the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect in Los Angeles between 2015 and 2023. The UHI phenomenon, characterized by elevated urban temperatures, exacerbates environmental, health, and economic challenges in rapidly growing cities. With the rise of deep learning, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and U-Net architectures, remote sensing has greatly enhanced the ability to monitor and understand UHI dynamics. High-resolution satellite imagery allows for more precise estimates of land surface temperature (LST) and UHI intensity, supporting the identification of heat hotspots and informing mitigation strategies like urban greenery, cool roofs, and permeable pavements. Despite these advances, challenges remain, including data accessibility, the complexity of UHI phenomena, and the need for ground-truth validation. Furthermore, addressing UHI requires considering environmental justice, as vulnerable populations are disproportionately impacted by extreme heat. This research underscores the importance of combining deep learning, remote sensing, and urban planning to develop effective and equitable solutions. Ultimately, these innovations offer the potential to transform urban climate resilience and improve public health outcomes in Los Angeles.
Advancements in Deep Learning for Enhanced Remote Sensing and Video Restoration in Low-Light and Under-Display Environments
Authors: Qian Ling , Dong Lianjie , Ma Xiaolong
Published: November 2024

Advancements in deep learning have significantly enhanced remote sensing and video restoration, particularly in low-light and under-display environments. By leveraging sophisticated algorithms like Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Vision Transformers, deep learning has revolutionized the analysis of complex remote sensing images, improving object detection, scene understanding, and classification accuracy. In video restoration, deep learning models, including the Video Restoration Transformer (VRT) and Spatio-Temporal Aligned SUNet, have made strides in recovering high-quality video sequences from degraded inputs, addressing challenges like noise, blurriness, and low illumination. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, including model generalization across varied conditions and the need for improved evaluation metrics to better reflect perceived image quality. This paper explores the integration of deep learning techniques in both fields, highlighting key algorithms, architectural innovations, and real-world applications, including environmental monitoring, autonomous driving, and content creation. As deep learning continues to evolve, its potential to address complex tasks in remote sensing and video restoration grows, with ongoing research focused on model refinement and expanding applicability.
Comparing the Orch OR and B-Man Stra/Tac theories of Consciousness
Authors: Howard John
Published: November 2024

This paper has three objectives, firstly to compare the Orchestrated Objective Reduction (Orch OR) and B-Man Stra/Tac theories of consciousness to identify areas of agreement or divergence. Secondly to consider whether B-Man Stra/Tac can fill the Orch OR functional gap. Finally, to offer some suggestions for further Orch OR research.
State optimism as a state-dependent prior about rewarding outcome
Authors: Shimomura Kanji , Morita Kenji
Published: November 2024

Optimism has recently been shown to have a state-like aspect that fluctuates within individuals. Given that optimism represents expectations for one’s own future, its intraindividual changes may interact with learning and decision-making. Using an intervention to increase optimism (n = 95 for the intervention group and n = 41 for the control group), this preregistered study tested the potential dynamic interaction between state optimism and two aspects of learning: positive belief updating bias and prior about reward likelihood. Although intraindividual changes in state optimism did not show significant association with updating bias, they showed a positive association with changes in prior about reward in the intervention group. This result offers a novel insight into a functional role of state optimism in reward learning: it may offer a state-dependent general prior of rewarding outcomes, which is applied to arbitrary learning occasions encountered during that state.
Possible Futures All at Once: Time Frame and Time Lag in Short-Term Longitudinal Media Effects Research on Well-Being
Authors: Klingelhoefer Julius , Gilbert Alicia , Adrian Christoph , Meier Adrian
Published: November 2024

When assessing media effects, we seldomly consider how they change over time. Especially with the prevalence of smartphone use as short-term, fragmented media use, a systematic approach to temporal dimensions is crucial, particularly to understand mixed effects of smartphone use on well-being. We employ a multiverse approach to assess the influence of two central temporal dimensions in short-term longitudinal research: Time frame and time lag. We combine mobile experience sampling (T1 = 2,859, T2 = 7,708) and log data (K1 = 71,807, K2 = 259,004) from N1 = 84 and N2 = 192 participants. Building on theorizing on time in media effects research, we propose four patterns of how short-term effects unfold: they may follow processes of ephemerality (fleeting effects), inertia (delayed onset), or reversal (changing directions) – or there are no changes over time. We discuss theoretical implications and give practical recommendations for future studies, especially short-term longitudinal designs.
Estimation of winter barley for loose smut resistance
Authors: Doroshenko E. S. , Shishkin N. V.
Published: November 2024

In order to obtain high-quality seeds and high yields of agricultural crops, it is important to preserve crops until harvesting. Ear diseases cause the greatest harm, aﬀecting the most valuable part of the plant. The studied causative agent of loose smut Ustilago nuda (C.N. Jensen) Rostr. destroys the ear completely, leaving only a black dusty mass. Winter barley is of great demand in production throughout the country, especially in the southern regions. Breeding varieties for resistance to this pathogen is still relevant today. The current paper has presented the results of the immunological characteristics of winter barley varieties undergoing competitive and inter-station variety testing. The purpose of the study was to identify winter barley varieties that were stably tolerant and resistant to the pathogen. The study was conducted at the infection plot of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” in the period 2021–2023 using forced infection during the ﬂowering period. There have been identiﬁed the varieties and lines of the ARC that demonstrated high and practical resistance to the pathogen. There has been identiﬁed a maximum number (102 samples) under the conditions of 2023, 78 samples under the conditions of 2022, and only 71 under the conditions of 2021. There were no highly susceptible samples in the studied material. The maximum damage was 34.9 % for the variety ‘Caprice’ under the arid conditions of 2022. There has been given characteristics of the varieties that have shown high resistance over all the years of the study, such as ‘Timofey’, ‘Step’, ‘Marusya’, ‘Kvant’, ‘Foks 1’, ‘Master’, ‘Samson’, ‘Sprinter’, ‘Dostoyny’, ‘Espada’, ‘Onega’. There has been noted that the breeding lines of the ARC ‘Parallelum 2019’, ‘Nutans 2137’, ‘Parallelum 2149’, ‘Parallelum 2136’, ‘Parallelum 2110’, ‘Parallelum 2131’ have shown high resistance to the pathogen.
Results of determining essential breeding traits of a standard grain sorghum sample
Authors: Khlystunov V. F. , Kovtunov V. V.
Published: November 2024

The selection of promising grain sorghum varieties according to the breeding results is complicated by the fact that it is necessary to take into account 49 characteristics (identiﬁers). This essentially multi-criteria comparison problem currently has neither a theoretical nor an unambiguous practical solution, which determines the relevance of the current study. The purpose of the study was to identify the essential characteristics (identiﬁers) and their scientiﬁcally based scoring of a standard grain sorghum sample based on the method of expert estimations. Based on the results of the expert estimation including leading specialists in grain sorghum breeding, there have been ranked 26 traits out of 49, provided for by the current international classiﬁer, which can be quantitatively digitized and which also reﬂect biological properties, morphological descriptors of the variety, its productivity, resistance to diseases, chemical composition, etc. After conducting a ranking procedure, estimation of the representativeness of the selection, the consistency of expert opinions and the non-accidentality of their agreement, there was carried out a structuring of the totality of statistical material (rank estimation) according to the integral function of the accumulated frequencies of each ranked feature’s appearance using the original author’s computer program. As a result, there have been identiﬁed 13 signiﬁcant (most signiﬁcant) estimation traits of grain sorghum, amounting to 64.1 % in terms of ranking and 50 % in terms of quantitative signiﬁcance. There was set up an estimation scale for them, based on their rank signiﬁcance on a 100-point scale for the standard grain sorghum sample (“Zernogradskoe 88” developed by the “ARC “Donskoy”). Based on the data of determining the signiﬁcance of the corresponding traits in physical terms of the compared and standard samples, as well as its score rating for the standard, there was established a point rating of the corresponding traits for the compared samples and complex estimation indicators as their sum. The complex indicator for the compared samples of the varieties ‘Ataman’ and ‘Esaul’ developed by the “ARC “Donskoy” was calculated in accordance with the share of each index relative to the standard one. Their quantitative comprehensive estimation was 111.43 and 101.93 points, respectively. Thus, these varieties exceeded the standard for a set of traits by 111.43 and 101.93 %, respectively.
New winter common wheat variety ‘Saban’ for the middle Volga Region
Authors: Fadeeva I. D. , Kurmakaev F. F. , Idiatova R. Kh.
Published: November 2024

Winter wheat in the Republic of Tatarstan is sown annually on an area of more than 300 K hectares. The purpose of the current work was to develop a new variety ‘Saban’ and characterize its ability to produce high yields and grain quality in the northern regions of the Middle Volga region. The study was conducted on the ﬁelds of the Tatarsky RIA, SSU of the FRC KazRC of RAS in 2020–2022. Seeds were laid in ‘black’ fallow at the optimal time. The variety ‘Saban’ was developed by the method of individual selection from a hybrid population obtained from crossing the varieties ‘Kazanskaya 285’ and ‘Bezenchukskaya 380’. On average, over three years of testing, winter resistance was 88 %, and the plant height was 74 cm, which is 9.7 cm lower than that of the standard variety ‘Kazanskaya 560’. Lodging resistance was 8.7 points with a coeﬃcient of variation of 6.66 %. The variety ‘Saban’ is of the intensive type, responsive to the application of complex fertilizers. The variety was better than the standard variety ‘Kazanskaya 560’ in productivity by 0.64 t/ha. Under arid conditions of 2021 the variety yielded 4.20 t/ha, which was 0.65 t/ha more than the standard variety did. This result was due to the productive stem density and a large number of grains per ear. The variety produced heavy kernels, its nature weight was 770–802 g/l. Crude protein percentage in grain ranged from 13.2 % to 15.2 %, and gluten varied from 27.0 % to 29.7 %. The variety formed high indicators of rheological qualities, such as 301 u.a. of ﬂour strength, and 59 % of valorimetric estimation. The general baking assessment for three years of study was 4.5 points. The variety can be recommended for cultivation in the Middle Volga region of the Russian Federation from 2024.
Estimation of the development of androgenic dihaploid lines of winter wheat of the R1 generation in vivo
Authors: Kalinina N. V. , Chertkova N. G. , Dontsova V. Yu. , Marchenko D. M.
Published: November 2024

Development of dihaploid lines using biotechnological methods can reduce not only the time required to breed a new variety, but also labor costs and technical resources. Earlier in our studies, there has been obtained seed material of androgenic dihaploid of the regenerated plants of the R0 generation, grown ex vitro. The next stage of the work delt with sowing the seeds of these plants in vivo. The purpose of the current study was to estimate the development of winter wheat plants of androgenic dihaploid lines of the R1 generation and parental varieties in vivo according to such characteristics as a length of phenophases, a vegetation period, morphometric estimation for comparison with each other and with parental genotypes, as well as for seed propagation. As a result of the study carried out in 2022–2024, there has been estimated a new nitial material of winter common wheat obtained on the basis of previously conducted biotechnological work. There have been studied androgenic dihaploid R1 lines according to the traits of vegetative and generative organs, for grain productivity of plants and seed germination. There have been selected promising lines for further breeding evaluation. Androgenic dihaploid lines of winter wheat of the R1 generation 79.1.5.1, 79.1.5.2, 79.2.1.1, 84.3.1.1, 84.3.3.1, 85.2.1.1 were the best according to vegetative, generative traits, grain productivity and seed germination. The best indicators of productivity and germination were characterized by androgenic dihaploid lines based on the hybrid ‘Rostovchanka 7 x Bezostaya 100’.
Productivity and grain quality of hulled and hulles oat varieties in the middle Volga Region
Authors: Shabolkina E. N. , Shevchenko S. N. , Bisharev A. A. , Anisimkina N. V.
Published: November 2024

Along with hulled oats, hulles oats are increasingly used in the processing industries, both for feed and food purposes without preliminary hulling. In the Middle Volga region, in the conditions of a sharply continental climate, the cultivation of oats for feed and food purposes is diﬃcult, therefore, breeding of highly productive oat varieties with grain quality for a speciﬁc area of use is promising. The purpose of the current study was to estimate productivity and grain quality of hulled and hulles oat varieties in the Middle Volga region. There has been found that during the years of study, hulled oat varieties produced the highest grain yield of 29.2 hwt/ha (a mean value among the varieties). The maximum grain yield was obtained in 2022 with 41.6–42.4 hwt/ha due to productive tillering (r = +0.72 at p < 0.05) and 1000-grain weight (r = +0.82 at p < 0.05). The variety ‘Sapsan’ was the best one in the group of hulled varieties with the best indicators of protein 14.6 %, starch 40.2 %, oil 5.3 % and grain nature weight 470 g/l with the lowest value of grain husk content; these oat varieties are preferable to grow for the production of feed and feed mixtures. In the group of hulles varieties, the mean productivity among the varieties varied at the level of the standard variety ‘Persheron’ and was 16.8 hwt/ha. The largest productivity was formed by the varieties in 2023 with 24.6-24.7 hwt/ha and it was due to productive tillering (r = +0.68 at p < 0.05) and grain weight per ear (r = +0.80 at p < 0.05). Hulles oat varieties with a high content of protein 18.7 %, starch 53.0 %, oil 6.4 %, low amylolytic activity of grain 323 s and grain nature weight 597 g/l, corresponding to the requirements of GOST 28673-2019 are suitable for food purposes (groats production, functional products, bakery).
Physicochemical properties of grain of promising winter durum wheat varieties and lines in the south of the Rostov region
Authors: Ivanisova A. S. , Marchenko D. M. , Dubinina O. A. , Maidaburo L. I. , Kravchenko N. S.
Published: November 2024

The most important thing in the production of durum wheat is to obtain high-quality grain. In this regard, in the Rostov Region, there has been studied the physical and chemical properties of this crop and identiﬁed several sources for high-quality grain breeding. The objects of study were 30 winter durum wheat varieties and lines of our own breeding, with the standard variety ‘Kristella’. Large grain (1000-grain weight over 40 g) was formed by 12 winter durum wheat samples. According to the GOST, 26 varieties and lines (770–809 g/l) belonged to the 1st class of grain. In 2021–2023, grain hardness varied from 69 % to 93 %. This trait was inﬂuenced by weather conditions during the years of study, grain with large hardness (100 %) was formed in the favorable 2022, in 2023 the grain was ﬂoury (51 %). The protein percentage in grain varied over the years from 13.70% in 2022 to 14.91 % in 2021. The mean gluten content of winter durum wheat samples was consistently high over the years and ranged from 28.0 % (2022) to 30.1 % (2021). The mean carotenoid content over the years varied signiﬁcantly from 472 μg/% (2023) to 718 μg/% (2021). There were signiﬁcant ﬂuctuations among the samples. Due to the diversity of weather conditions during the years of study, there have been identiﬁed 6 winter durum wheat varieties and lines ‘Diona’, ‘Dinas’, ‘Pridonie’, ‘691/20’, ‘390/20’, ‘1377/20’ according to the complex of physical and chemical properties.
Correlation between productivity traits and protein percentage in pea seeds in the conditions of Donbass
Authors: Gelyukh V. N. , Ashiev A. R. , Baranovsky A. V. , Sadovoy A. S.
Published: November 2024

The solution to the most urgent problem of stable and smooth production of vegetable protein in the agro industrial complex of Donbass is practically impossible without introducing new pea varieties into production, the main legume of the region. The main tasks set by the breeders are to improve productivity stability over the years and the overall productivity potential by developing and introducing new, more environmentally ﬂexible and adapted to speciﬁc growing conditions genotypes into production. In this regard, there has been given a special role to improving a number of quantitative traits that directly or indirectly aﬀect the overall productivity of plants. The purpose of the current research was to identify the closeness and direction of the correlation of traits that determine productivity and protein percentage in pea seeds, their stability and variability depending on weather changes during a vegetation period. The weather conditions of 2022–2024 were very contrasting, which allowed evaluating the signiﬁcance of each productivity element in more detail. There has been found that close correlations between seed weight per plant and a number of seeds per plant (r = 0.79***…0.83***), as well as a number of beans per plant (r = 0.69**…0.80***), between a number of beans and seeds per plant (r = 0.79***…0.85***) were studied in relatively favorable years (2022 and 2023). Identiﬁcation of valuable breeding material by indirect traits in extreme years (2024), when the HTC < 0.2, was signiﬁcantly complicated. All the obtained correlation coeﬃcients under these conditions were low and unreliable. The results of the correlation of protein percentage in pea seeds with yield structure elements did not reveal a clear correlation between these traits. The correlation between protein percentage in pea seeds and yield structure elements has not been identiﬁed due to low and unreliable correlation coeﬃcients, which allows directing pea breeding towards increasing protein percentage in seeds without taking into account the eﬀect of seed productivity.
Physiological estimation of heat and drought resistance at the initial stages of winter barley ontogenesis
Authors: Gaze V. L. , Lobunskaya I. A. , Cherpakova E. Yu. , Yanovskaya N. V. , Kostylev P. I. , Dontsova A. A.
Published: November 2024

Drought and heat stress have signiﬁcant eﬀects on plant growth and productivity. In the natural environment, these abiotic stresses often occur simultaneously, which ampliﬁes their negative eﬀects. Therefore, understanding heat and drought inﬂuence on plant growth and productivity is particularly valuable. Winter barley, compared to other winter grain crops, is characterized by a relatively high resistance to moisture deﬁciency in soil and the eﬀect of relatively high air temperatures. The current paper has highlighted the study of physiological indicators of winter barley resistance to moisture deﬁciency and high temperature eﬀect. There have been presented the results of laboratory study for the period of 2022–2023. Identiﬁcation of drought and heat resistance was carried out in the initial period of plant development on 100 winter barley samples of local selection and the VIR collection. The purpose of the study was to identify winter barley resistance to high temperatures and moisture deﬁciency using a set of laboratory methods. There has been studied the eﬀect of sucrose solution of diﬀerent concentrations (8, 12 and 14 atm.) and ambient temperature (52 and 54 °C) on the ability of seed germination under stress conditions. During the trials, there has been identiﬁed the best diﬀerentiation of resistance values under osmotic stress (8 atm.) and temperature (-54 °C). There have been identiﬁed the samples ‘Step’ (211.9 rel. units) and ‘HVW 36/72’ (157.9 rel. units) combining high resistance to osmotic and thermal stress, which reliably exceeded the values of the standard variety ‘Timofey’ by 25.3–79.3 rel. units.
Morpho-biological study of the grain sorghum collection of the fsbsi «ARC «Donskoy»
Authors: Kalyuzhny A. A. , Kostylev P. I. , Kovtunov V. V.
Published: November 2024

The current paper has presented the estimation results of the grain sorghum varieties and samples in a collection nursery. The purpose of the study was to analyze the collection material of grain sorghum and select the best variety samples for breeding work. The study of the samples was carried out in the laboratory for grain sorghum breeding and seed production of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” in 2020–2023. The objects of the study were 40 grain sorghum samples and varieties. Morphometric analysis was carried out according to the methods presented by B.A. Dospekhov (2014). The variety ‘Zernogradskoe 88’ was used as a standard one. During the analysis, there have been identiﬁed the samples that exceeded the standard variety in 1000-grain weight, number of grains per panicle, and productivity per plot. According to productivity there have been identiﬁed such samples as ‘Milo 168/Combeine 7078’, ‘No. 93-23-13’, ‘Hegari’, ‘Kitayskoe 3’, ‘DN – 33f’, ‘D.D. Yellow Sooner Milo-2501’, ‘No. 50-13’, which produced over 600 g/m2. According to 1000-grain weight, the sample ‘No. 61-13’ was of the greatest breeding value with a 1000-grain weight of 39.3 g. According to number of grains per panicle the variety ‘Kitayskoe 3’ was the best with 2324 pcs. The identiﬁed samples have been recommended for use in breeding programs as grain sorghum sources.
Identification of rice samples with rice blast resistance genes Pi-2 and Pi-b
Authors: Shumskaya O. V. , Vozhzhova N. N. , Zhogaleva O. S. , Khakhulina Yu. A. , Kostylev P. I.
Published: November 2024

Since rice blast is a disease that causes signiﬁcant damage to rice all over the world, the intensive development of disease-resistant genotypes is of great urgency. The use of molecular biology technologies, new biotechnological approaches and molecular genetic methods allows creating disease-resistant varieties while reducing the time of their development, which plays an important role in growing competitive products. The current paper has highlighted the results of estimating rice samples developed at the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” for blast resistance. The objects of the study were new samples developed in the laboratory of rice breeding and seed production. In 2022–2023, there were screened one hundred eighty-seven rice samples. They were identiﬁed on a presence of the blast resistance gene Pi-2. One hundred ﬁfteen samples were estimated for the blast resistance gene Pi-b. Genomic DNA was isolated from young rice leaves. After estimating the quantity and quality of the isolated DNA there was conducted a polymerase chain reaction for the target genes Pi-2 and Pi-b. In order to identify the alleles of the desired genes there were used speciﬁc intragenic molecular SSR markers of dominant (for Pi-2) and codominant (for Pi-b) types. Electrophoresis of the obtained amplicons was performed on 2 % agarose gels during an hour. The results of the analysis were recorded in ultraviolet light and processed in ImageLab 5.1 software. As a result of the conducted study, there were identiﬁed new rice breeding samples that carry blast resistance genes Pi-2 and Pi-b. These samples are recommended for use in the further breeding process for blast resistance.
The effect of agrotechnical methods on productivity of new winter wheat varieties on ordinary blackearth
Authors: Kantsurov M. V. , Ilinskaya I. N. , Rychkova M. I.
Published: November 2024

The current study was conducted in the pre-Azov agricultural area of the Rostov region in the stationary trial of the FSBSI FRARC in 2020–2023. The purpose of the study was to establish the eﬀect of elements of cultivation technology methods, such as methods of basic tillage, seed sowing rates and a level of mineral nutrition on productivity of new winter wheat varieties in the conditions of ordinary blackearth in the Rostov region. The objects of the study were two new winter wheat varieties ‘Bylina Dona’ and ‘Akapella’ developed in the FSBSI FRARC. The scheme of the trial included three factors for each variety. The experiment was repeated three times. When conducting the study, there was used the generally accepted methodology of a ﬁeld trial. The eﬀect of diﬀerent rates of mineral fertilizers and seed sowing with diﬀerent methods of basic tillage aﬀected the grain productivity of new winter wheat varieties. As a result of three-year study, there has been found a positive eﬀect of moldboard plowing and a seeding rate of 5 million pcs./ha against the background of N120Р80К80 kg/ha of active substance for both varieties, which provided the best productivity of 6.66–7.02 t/ha. There has been established a tendency for changes in productivity of new winter wheat varieties under the eﬀect of the studied elements of agricultural technology, for which there have been identiﬁed individual factors and calculated the mean productivity independently of the other two factors, taking into account the experimental options for each of them. The largest mean grain productivity of the winter wheat varieties ‘Bylina Dona’ and ‘Akapella’ with 5.77 and 6.05 t/ha, respectively, was provided by the highest level of mineral nutrition, with a norm of N120Р80К80 kg/ha of active substance, which made it possible to improve productivity by 48.3–49.4 % compared to the control without fertilizers. There has been determined an optimal background of mineral nutrition N80Р60К60 kg/ha of active substance, which ensured the maximum feedback of grain due to fertilizers. The variety ‘Akapella’ in all experimental variants produced grain on 4.5–5.1 % higher than that of the variety ‘Bylina Dona’.
Genotypic Differences in Photosynthetic Limitations to Carbon Assimilation in Peanut under Drought at the Onset of Flowering
Authors: Pilon C. , Snider J.L. , Moreno L.A. , Kvien C.K. , Ozias-Akins P. , Holbrook C.C.
Published: November 2024

Drought can greatly limit carbon assimilation in plants. However, different species have distinct photosynthetic components governing limitations to photosynthesis exposed to drought conditions. Furthermore, intra-species variations in photosynthetic response to drought is also expected. Information on underlying limitations to carbon assimilation in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) has been controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to verify potential drought tolerance associated with the photosynthetic process within ten diverse peanut genotypes grown under drought as well as to determine the limitation to carbon assimilation in these genotypes and identify parameter(s) that can be used as a reference indicator of photosynthesis response to drought intensity. Experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 using rainout shelters to impose drought for 40 days starting 34 days after planting. Ten peanut genotypes were planted in two blocks, one fully irrigated and one under drought stress during reproductive development. Photosynthetic measurements were taken at 25 and 40 days after onset of stress. C76-16 was identified as the most tolerant genotype due to improved plasticity by downregulating photosynthesis under mild drought stress (25 progressive days under drought) and upregulating multiple photosynthetic component processes under more severe drought (40 days under drought) to sustain photosynthesis. The primary limitation to photosynthesis across all peanut genotypes was stomatal conductance, whereas non-stomatal factors (photochemical reactions) were nearly unaffected by mild drought. In addition, stomatal conductance and electron flux to CO2 assimilation contributed most to drought tolerance in peanut genotypes. Moreover, these two photosynthetic component processes can be jointly used as reference indicators of photosynthetic status of peanut under varying drought intensities.
Factores determinantes del emprendimiento femenino en Ecuador: Una perspectiva individual y del entorno
Authors: Altamirano Aguirre María Luisa , Salazar Romero Ángela del Cisne , Riofrío Lara Andrea Estefanía
Published: November 2024

Introducción: Ecuador es reconocido por el estudio Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2023 como el país con mayor nivel de emprendimiento femenino. Metodología: Los datos del GEM permitieron examinar los factores individuales y del entorno que determinan el emprendimiento femenino en Ecuador. A través de una regresión logística se analizaron 1.014 observaciones de mujeres. Resultados: La motivación por necesidad se posiciona como el factor más influyente para que las mujeres ecuatorianas emprendan. Poseer habilidades emprendedoras, tener redes de apoyo y la experiencia en inversión informal también impactan positivamente. Además, el nivel de educación superior y residir en la región Costa disminuyen la propensión a emprender. Discusión: El estudio desafía teorías establecidas y muestra que las condiciones para que las mujeres ecuatorianas emprendan es particular, sugiriendo mayor profundidad en el análisis y contemplación de otros factores relevantes. Conclusiones: En el contexto ecuatoriano los determinantes del emprendimiento femenino son diversos y el análisis debe acercarse al territorio. El desafío es recabar insumos para el diseño específico de políticas públicas y estrategias que impulsen el emprendimiento femenino en Ecuador acorde a su realidad.
La influencia de X en la comunicación política: Análisis de caso en las elecciones generales de España en julio de 2023
Authors: Alcolea Parra María , Sánchez González Olga , Bastidas Manzano Ana Belén , Álvarez Santás Silvia
Published: November 2024

Introducción: la comunicación política es un eje fundamental de la actividad política. Concretamente la red social X se caracteriza por tener un contacto inmediato y directo con los usuarios por lo que se han ampliado las oportunidades para que los políticos se comuniquen más rápidamente con los públicos. Metodología: esta investigación se centra en el impacto de X en la comunicación política, en las Elecciones Generales celebradas en julio del 2023 en España en los perfiles de Pedro Sánchez y Alberto Núñez Feijóo a través de una revisión de la literatura sobre comunicación política y una metodología mixta, que contempla un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo y una valoración del contenido con procesos automatizados de descarga y análisis de datos. Resultados: persigue obtener resultados que ayuden a entender de manera más completa la influencia (o no) de X como un componente importante en la formación de la opinión pública en el período electoral. Discusión: El importante papel del humor y la sátira como crítica social y política. Conclusiones: el análisis muestra que X tuvo un gran impacto e influencia en dichas elecciones y que a través de su análisis se pueden predecir resultados certeros.