bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Interaction-process-guided Framework for Small-group Performance Prediction
Authors: Lin Yun-Shao , Liu Yi-Ching , Lee Chi-Chun
Published: August 2022

A small group is a fundamental interaction unit for achieving a shared goal. Group performance can be automatically predicted using computational methods to analyze members’ verbal behavior in task-oriented interactions, as has been proven in several recent works. Most of the prior works focus on lower-level verbal behaviors, such as acoustics and turn-taking patterns, using either hand-crafted features or even advanced end-to-end methods. However, higher-level group-based communicative functions used between group members during conversations have not yet been considered. In this work, we propose a two-stage training framework that effectively integrates the communication function, as defined using Bales’s interaction process analysis (IPA) coding system, with the embedding learned from the low-level features in order to improve the group performance prediction. Our result shows a significant improvement compared to the state-of-the-art methods (4.241 MSE and 0.341 Pearson’s correlation on NTUBA-task1 and 3.794 MSE and 0.291 Pearson’s correlation on NTUBA-task2) on the National Taiwan University Business Administration (NTUBA) small-group interaction database. Furthermore, based on the design of IPA, our computational framework can provide a time-grained analysis of the group communication process and interpret the beneficial communicative behaviors for achieving better group performance.
A General Framework to Simulate Diffusions with Discontinuous Coefficients and Local Times
Authors: Ding Kailin , Cui Zhenyu
Published: August 2022

In this article, we propose an efficient general simulation method for diffusions that are solutions to stochastic differential equations with discontinuous coefficients and local time terms. The proposed method is based on sampling from the corresponding continuous-time Markov chain approximation. In contrast to existing time discretization schemes, the Markov chain approximation method corresponds to a spatial discretization scheme and is demonstrated to be particularly suited for simulating diffusion processes with discontinuities in their state space. We establish the theoretical convergence order and also demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the method in numerical examples by comparing it to the known benchmarks in terms of root mean squared error, runtime, and the parameter sensitivity.
Performance-driven Wire Sizing for Analog Integrated Circuits
Authors: Li Yaguang , Lin Yishuang , Madhusudan Meghna , Sharma Arvind , Sapatnekar Sachin , Harjani Ramesh , Hu Jiang
Published: August 2022

Analog IC performance has a strong dependence on interconnect RC parasitics, which are significantly affected by wire sizes in recent technologies, where minimum-width wires have high resistance. However, performance-driven wire sizing for analog ICs has received very little research attention. In order to fill this void, we develop several techniques to facilitate an end-to-end automatic wire sizing approach. They include a circuit performance model based on customized graph neural network (GNN) and two optimization techniques: one using Bayesian optimization accelerated by the GNN model, and the other based on TensorFlow training. Experimental results show that our technique can achieve 11% circuit performance improvement or 8.7× speedup compared to a conventional Bayesian optimization method.
Optimizing Black Phosphorus/Halide Perovskite Compositions by Scanning Photoelectrochemical Microscopy
Authors: Liu Rugeng , Wang Jiahong , Mak Chun Hong , Du Minshu , Li Fang-Fang , Shen Hsin-Hui , Santoso Shella Permatasari , Yu Edward T. , Yu Xuefeng , Chu Paul K. , Hsu Hsien-Yi
Published: August 2022

The incorporation of black phosphorus (BP) into methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskites has been investigated and optimized by a high throughput screening method using scanning photoelectrochemical microscopy (SPECM) to determine how the addition of BP affects its photoelectrochemical and photovoltaic properties. An optimum ratio of 2.0 mole% BP/MAPbI3 perovskite composite generates an increased photocurrent response compared to pristine MAPbI3 for 2 mM benzoquinone (BQ) reduction at −0.6 V vs Ag/AgNO3 on a spot array electrode under illumination. Due to the relatively high quantum yield of MAPbI3, time-resolved photoluminescence measurements have been conducted to investigate photophysical behaviors of BP/MAPbI3 composites. The optimal 2.0 mole% BP/MAPbI3 exhibits an increased electron-hole diffusion lifetime compared to the pristine MAPbI3 perovskite. Finally, we demonstrate the enhanced efficiency and stability of 2.0% BP/MAPbI3-based perovskite solar cells arising from impeded Pb0-defect generation and suppressed charge-carrier recombination.
The Relation Between the Microstructure of Aluminum Alloy 7075-T6 and the Type of Cerium Salt in the Formation of the Cerium Conversion Layer
Authors: Milošev Ingrid , Kapun Barbara , Rodič Peter
Published: August 2022

The deposition of the cerium conversion layer on aluminum alloy 7075-T6 proceeds by a simple procedure of immersion, but it is affected by several factors which govern its corrosion protectiveness. The study aimed to investigate two crucial relationships: (i) how the type of cerium salt used for conversion affects the composition, thickness, and electrochemical characteristics of the deposited layers, and (ii) how the deposition depends on the type of intermetallic particles. Four sets of samples were prepared by immersion in 0.1 M NaCl with and without adding 3 mM Ce(III) salts: chloride, nitrate, and acetate. Samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy with chemical analysis at the same site before and after immersion. Therefore, this study is site-specific and targets the mode of corrosion and deposition of the Ce-conversion layer as a function of the intermetallic particle’s type. The type of anion of Ce salt affects the path of conversion layer formation. The corrosion protectiveness is the highest for acetate salt. The model was postulated, describing the precipitation of a mixed layer by the dynamic “two-way road” process of selectively dissolving elements from the substrate and precipitating Ce-hydroxide. Dealloying of intermetallic particles is the governing mechanism for the precipitation of large Ce-containing deposits.
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase is essential for biosynthesis of specialized pro-resolving mediators and cardiac repair in heart failure
Authors: Halade Ganesh V. , Kain Vasundhara , Hossain Shahriare , Parcha Vibhu , Limdi Nita A. , Arora Pankaj
Published: August 2022

Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) is critical in synthesizing specialized pro-resolving mediators that facilitate cardiac repair after cardiac injury. Thus, ALOX5 orchestrates the overlapping phases of inflammation and resolution to facilitate myocardium healing in cardiac repair postmyocardial infarction.
Adipose stromal vascular fraction reverses mitochondrial dysfunction and hyperfission in aging-induced coronary microvascular disease
Authors: Tracy Evan Paul , Nair Rajeev , Rowe Gabrielle , Beare Jason E. , Beyer Andreas , LeBlanc Amanda Jo
Published: August 2022

We elucidated the consequences of aging on coronary microvascular mitochondrial health as well as SVF’s ability to reverse these effects. Aging shifts gene/protein expression and mitochondrial morphology indicating hyperfission, alongside attenuated mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP bioavailability, all reversed using SVF therapy. Mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels correlated with vasodilatory efficiency. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a contributing pathological factor in aging that can be targeted by therapeutic SVF to preserve microvascular dilative function.
Cardiac electrophysiology studies in mice via the transjugular route: a comprehensive practical guide
Authors: Favere Kasper , Van fraeyenhove Jens , Jacobs Griet , Bosman Matthias , Eens Sander , De Sutter Johan , Miljoen Hielko , Guns Pieter-Jan , De Keulenaer Gilles W. , Segers Vincent F. M. , Heidbuchel Hein
Published: August 2022

Electrophysiology studies (EPS) allow in-depth evaluation of cardiac electrophysiology and -pathology. These techniques have been adapted to the murine setting for (translational) studies, mainly focusing on arrhythmogenesis. Despite the frequent application of EPS via the transjugular route, a thorough description of the technique is currently lacking. This article aims to function as a comprehensive guide, also elaborating (for the first time) on nonsurgical aspects such as catheter positioning, tracing artifacts, stimulation protocols, and reference values.
Associations between noninvasive upper- and lower-limb vascular function assessments: extending the evidence to young women
Authors: D’Agata Michele N. , Hoopes Elissa K. , Witman Melissa A.
Published: August 2022

Upper- and lower-limb indices of resistance artery function are positively associated in young women when assessed by reactive hyperemia following brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) cuff-occlusion release and leg blood flow responses to passive leg movement (PLM), respectively. However, despite previous data demonstrating a positive association between upper-limb conduit artery function assessed by FMD and lower-limb resistance artery function assessed by PLM in young men, these measures do not appear to be related in young women.
Field Investigation on Thermal Regime of Permafrost and Talik in a River Terrace, the Interior of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Zhang Yunzhi , Liu Furong , Wang Xingbing , He Pengfei , Cui Jinggang , Wang Yishan , Mu Yanhu
Published: August 2022

To carry out engineering construction in a permafrost area, it is of great importance to grasp the spatial distribution of permafrost and its hydrothermal characteristics within the scope of engineering activities. Compared with the continuous permafrost area, the permafrost distribution in discontinuous permafrost area is complicated due to existence of island talik, which causes highly poor continuity and uniformity of ground hydrothermal conditions and brings great difficulty and uncertainty to the engineering geological investigation. In the present study, the spatial distribution of permafrost and the freeze-thaw process of shallow ground at the I-stage terrace of a river on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were studied based on field investigation including drilling, electrical resistivity tomography, and borehole temperature measurement. The results show that the relict permafrost, patchy permafrost, and island talik are distributed in the limited range of the study area. Among them, the buried depth of relict permafrost layer is in the range of 7 ~ 14 m, while the patchy permafrost layer is in the range of 3.0 ~ 17.0 m depth, and the mean annual ground temperature of both is close to -0.1°C, which belongs to extremely high-temperature permafrost. The seasonal freezing/thawing depths of shallow ground within the relict permafrost, patchy permafrost, and island talik range from 2.5 to 3.0 m. The freezing period of the seasonal freezing layer is 5.5 months, while the thawing period of the seasonal thawing layer is 6 months. The complex plane and spatial distribution of permafrost in the field are closely related to local factors such as topography, geomorphology, groundwater, and lithology of shallow ground. It is believed that the formation of the island talik in the study area is controlled by solar radiation and precipitation infiltration.
EtherFuzz: Mutation Fuzzing Smart Contracts for TOD Vulnerability Detection
Authors: Wang Xiaoyin , Sun Jiaze , Hu Chunyang , Yu Panpan , Zhang Bin , Hou Donghai
Published: August 2022

With the development of Internet of Things technology, the use of Internet of Things is expanding, and its security risk will become an important factor restricting the development of Internet of Things technology. The application of blockchain technology in the security field of the Internet of Things can improve security problems, and the blockchain has immutable characteristics. Therefore, it is particularly important to ensure the security of blockchain smart contracts. However, the order of transaction in smart contracts is easy to be operated by miners, and there is a relative lack of tools to detect TOD (transaction-ordering dependent) vulnerabilities. The current smart contract vulnerability detection methods have the problems of low efficiency and low accuracy. Therefore, based on the study of TOD vulnerability principle, this paper creatively highlights a mutation fuzzy testing method EtherFuzz to specifically detect TOD vulnerability in smart contracts. Use the intelligent contract ABI (application binary interface) to generate test cases, test the byte code of the intelligent contract, use TOD to test oracle to detect TOD vulnerabilities, and then, mutate the tested data to generate new test cases. Finally, the behavior of smart contract operation is recorded, and the fuzzy test process is controlled until the vulnerability is detected. The experimental results show that when 987 token contracts are selected as Ethereum test objects, the false-positive rate, detection time overhead, and detection storage overhead of EtherFuzz are reduced by 74.4%, 30.1%, and 28.1%, respectively. Therefore, EtherFuzz has high speed, efficiency, and accuracy in detecting TOD vulnerabilities and has excellent application value.
PRR7-AS1 Correlates with Immune Cell Infiltration and Is a Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Lu Yifan , Chen Songhai , Wang Qingqing , Zhang Jie , Pei Xuanzeng
Published: August 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive malignant disease, and numerous studies have shown that certain functional long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in the progression of several cancers. The purpose of the research was to determine, using a database, bioinformatics, and statistical analysis, whether or not lncRNA PRR7-AS1 (PRR7-AS1) was related to HCC. TCGA datasets were used to conduct research on the PRR7-AS1 expression pattern in HCC. In order to evaluate the efficacy of GIHCG as a prognostic tool, both survival and Cox regression analyses were carried out. Furthermore, an investigation of the connection between the expression of PRR7-AS1 and immune infiltration in HCC was carried out. In this study, we identified 125 lncRNAs that were significantly dysregulated in HCC and were associated with long-term survival. Among the above 125 lncRNAs, our attention focused on PRR7-AS1. We found that PRR7-AS1 expressions were distinctly overexpressed in HCC samples compared with nontumor samples. ROC assays revealed that PRR7-AS1 effectively differentiated HCC specimens from normal tissues with an AUC of 0.875 (95% CI: 0.840 to 0.911). Moreover, the high PRR7-AS1 expression was associated with advanced clinical stage and poor prognosis of HCC patients. Importantly, the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model suggested that up-expression of PRR7-AS1 was an independent prognostic marker indicating shorter overall survival and disease-specific survival for HCC patients. Finally, we found that PRR7-AS1 expression was associated with the expression of NK CD56bright cells, Th2 cells, TFH, macrophages, Th1 cells, aDC, T helper cells, cytotoxic cells, DC, Tgd, neutrophils, and Th17 cells. Overall, the results of our study show that PRR7-AS1 was a biomarker that could be utilized to predict the prognosis of HCC patients and was linked to the infiltration of immune cells in HCC.
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis Detected Immune Cell‐Related Pathways Associated with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Authors: Luo Pan , Liu Lin , Hou Weikun , Xu Ke , Xu Peng
Published: August 2022

Aim. To explore various immune cell‐related causal pathways for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Methods. Immune cell‐related pathway association study was conducted via integrative analysis of PSC GWAS summary and five immune cell‐related eQTL datasets. The GWAS summary data of PSC was driven from 4,796 PSC cases and 19,955 healthy controls. The eQTL datasets of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, natural killer cells (NK), monocytes, and peripheral blood cells (PB) were collected from recently eQTL study. The PSC GWAS summary dataset was first aligned with eQTL datasets of six blood cells to obtain the GWAS summary data at overlapped eQTL loci, separately. For each type of cell, the obtained PSC GWAS summary dataset of eQTLs was subjected to pathway enrichment analysis. 853 biological pathways from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, BioCarta, and Reactome pathway databases were analyzed. Results. We identified 36 pathways for B cells, 33 pathways for CD4+ T cells, 28 pathways for CD8+ T cells, 33 pathways for monocytes (MN), 35 pathways for NK cells, and 33 for PB cells (all empirical P values <5.0 × 10−5). Comparing the pathway analysis results detected 25 pathways shared by five immune cells, such as KEGG_CELL_ADHESION_MOLECULES_CAMS (P value <5.0 × 10−5) and REACTOME_MHC_CLASS_II_ANTIGEN_ PRESENTATION (P value <5.0 × 10−5). Several cell‐specific pathways were also identified, including BIOCARTA_INFLAM_PATHWAY (P value <5 × 10−5) for B cell. Conclusion. Our study holds potential to identify novel candidate causal pathways and provides clues for revealing the complex genetic mechanism of PSC.
The Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors vs. Chemotherapy for KRAS-Mutant or EGFR-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancers: A Meta-Analysis Based on Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Chen Wei , Li Ling , Cheng Sheng , Yu Junxian
Published: August 2022

Importance. Following the research, we discovered that other meta-analyses contained incomplete genes or did not include a sufficient number of trials. To address these limitations, this meta-analysis sought to find studies examining the extent toward epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or KRAS or mutation status gives data on both the probability of a specific illness outcome very independent of treatment (prognostic factor) and possibility of advantage from a particular therapy (predictive factor) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Objective. To assess and compare the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors vs. chemotherapy for KRAS-mutant or EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancers. Methods. Until February 19, 2022, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in NSCLC. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were used as outcome measures. The studies were conducted using the Cochrane methodology for meta-analyses, and all statistical analyses were made with Review Manager Software (RevMan version 5.4). Results. Our meta-analysis included nine clinical trials including 5633 participants with NSCLC. Immune checkpoint drugs extended OS (hazard ratio (HR), 0.67; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.60–0.76) and PFS (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.35-0.56) in patients with EGFR wild-type compared to chemotherapy alone, whereas programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1)/programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy extended PFS in NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.42-0.94). Meanwhile, immune checkpoint inhibitors vs. chemotherapy improved the OS (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.48–0.88) and PFS (HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.36–0.66) of NSCLC patients with KRAS mutation. NSCLCs with KRAS G12C mutation had a much better PFS with ICIs than with chemotherapy (HR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.21–0.71). Conclusion. This research revealed that individuals with EGFR wild-type NSCLC or KRAS mutation may benefit from PD-L1/PD-1 inhibitors and that PD-L1/PD-1 inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy seem to be more successful than chemotherapy alone in NSCLC patients with EGFR mutation.
An Integrated Taxonomy Method Using Single-Valued Neutrosophic Number MAGDM for Evaluating the Physical Education Teaching Quality in Colleges and Universities
Authors: Yang Xiaoping , Liu Yefei
Published: August 2022

Before the advent of the new era, my country has completed the popularization of higher education, and the country has gradually begun to pay attention to the quality of higher education. Under the background of Healthy China, the quality of physical education teaching in colleges and universities has become a hot topic of social concern. The quality of physical education teaching in colleges and universities directly determines the quality of physical education talents. A reasonable, complete, and scientific evaluation system of physical education teaching quality in colleges and universities is an effective measure to improve the quality of physical education teaching and the training of physical education talents. The physical education teaching quality evaluation in colleges and universities is frequently viewed as the multiple attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) issue. In such paper, taxonomy method is designed for solving the MAGDM under single-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNSs). First, the score function of SVNSs and criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) method is used to derive the attribute weights. Second, then, the optimal choice is obtained through calculating the smallest single-valued neutrosophic number development attribute values from the single-valued neutrosophic number positive ideal solution (SVNNPIS). Finally, a numerical example for physical education teaching quality evaluation in colleges and universities is given to illustrate the built method.
The Physicochemical Properties of Deposited Sediments at the Maruba Dam Reservoir Inlet, Machakos County, Kenya
Authors: Luvai Allois , Obiero John , Omuto Christian
Published: August 2022

Energy and water are the two most important natural resources in the globe. In this regard, dams and reservoirs are the critical hydraulic structures that store water and, above all, provide energy required by humanity. However, water storage and the provision of energy by reservoirs and dams have been disrupted by significant environmental changes taking place in the catchment areas and the reservoir environment. These disruptions are brought about by climatic parameters and sediment transport by different eroding agents. One such environmental problem is soil erosion, whose effect is reservoir sedimentation. Consequently, a part of the transported sediment is deposited at the catchment outlet, which serves as the reservoir inlet. This study was carried out to establish the physicochemical characteristics of the deposited sediment at the reservoir inlet. The following parameters were analyzed: particle size distribution, organic matter content, bulk density, porosity, electrical conductivity, penetration resistance, hydraulic conductivity, pH, and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium) using standard laboratory procedures. The study established that the deposited sediments were predominantly sand particles with mean values of 50.60% and 58.60% for the surface (0–10 cm) or sub-surface horizons (10–20 cm), respectively. The average values for sediment pH, organic matter, porosity, bulk density, electrical conductivity, penetration resistance, hydraulic conductivity, and nutrients were 6.30 and 6.61; 1.91 and 1.80%; 54.10 and 57.10%; 1.22 and 1.14 g·cm−3 for the surface and sub-surface horizons, respectively. The most variable parameters were silt content (sub-surface horizon), hydraulic conductivity, penetration resistance, electrical conductivity, nitrogen content (surface horizon), and phosphorous (surface horizon) content with CV >0.35. Based on the present study results, the deposited sediments at the reservoir inlet were found to have low concentrations of nutrients and high sand proportions. Therefore, the deposited sediments appear to have great potential to reclaim the immediate barren dam environment upon enrichment and to promote sand harvesting programs for economic benefits.
The Pyroptosis-Related Risk Genes APOBEC3D, TNFRSF14, and RAC2 Were Used to Evaluate Prognosis and as Tumor Suppressor Genes in Breast Cancer
Authors: Chen Qian , Jun He , Yang ChengGuang , Yang Feng , Xu YingJie
Published: August 2022

Background. Pyroptosis is a type of cell death that plays an important role in predicting prognosis and immunoregulation in cancers. However, the pyroptosis-related gene signature for prognosis and immune infiltration prediction has not been studied in breast cancer (BC). Methods. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases were used to obtain the expression and clinical data of genes. 52 pyroptosis-related genes were obtained from TCGA-BC and estimated differentially expressed genes by the limma program. To categorize the molecular subtypes of pyroptosis-related genes, the ConsensusClusterPlus tool was utilized. Cox and Lasso regression analyses were used to create a signature. TCGA-BC dataset as the training set and the GSE37751 test set for risk research. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to conduct KEGG and GO studies of subtype groups. We also used the ssGSEA approach in the GSVA package to calculate the risk score of immune cells. Finally, pyroptosis-related genes in BC were validated using qPCR and immunohistochemical assays. Clone formation and EDU assays were used to explore the ability of signature genes to regulate the proliferation of BC cells. Results. Based on pyroptosis-related genes, the C1 and C2 subtypes were obtained. Survival analysis results showed that the C2 group had a better prognosis. Then, a three-gene signature (APOBEC3D, TNFRSF14, and RAC2) were created by Lasso regression analysis, which had a good prediction effect in the TCGA-BC and GSE37751 datasets. Our nomogram has a fair degree of accuracy in predicting the survival rates of BC patients. The pyroptosis-related signature has a good predictive effect in evaluating the tumour microenvironment score, 28 types of immune cells and response to immune checkpoint therapy. Finally, qPCR and immunohistochemistry staining results indicated that APOBEC3D, TNFRSF14, and RAC2 expression in BC tissues was low. The results of clone formation and EdU assays showed that high expression of signature genes inhibited the proliferation ability of BC cells. Conclusions. Based on pyroptosis-related genes (APOBEC3D, TNFRSF14, and RAC2), we built a novel prognostic molecular model for BC that might be used to assess prognostic risk and immune infiltration in BC patients. These signature genes are also tumor suppressor genes and may serve as potential targets for BC.
Structure‐Activity Relationship of Anionic and Cationic Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) Dendrimers against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Altaher Yousef , Kandeel Mahmoud
Published: August 2022

Dendrimers are potent synergists, carriers, and delivery molecules for natural biological products and pharmaceuticals. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection is causing serious diseases in humans and animals. Given the recorded antibacterial and antiviral activity of terminal‐charged PAMAM dendrimers, the relation between dendrimer charge type and generation is to be established against S. aureus. Three types of polyanionic dendrimers comprising terminal groups sodium carboxylate (generations 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5), hydroxyl (generations 2, 3, 4, and 5), and succinamic acid (generations 2, 3, 4, and 5) and polycationic dendrimers containing primary amine (generations 2, 3, 4, and 5) were in antibacterial assays to determine their zone of inhibition and antibacterial activity. Cationic dendrimers were more potent than anionic dendrimers. The largest inhibition was shown by G(5)‐128NH2 followed by G(4)‐64NH2 primary amine dendrimers. Carboxylate, hydroxyl, and succinamic acid dendrimers showed weaker effects. Owing to their antibacterial actions, the addition of dendrimers to antibiotic preparations may increase their efficacy by their intrinsic and bacterial action by damaging the bacterial membranes as well as their usage in drug delivery.
Analysis and Recognition of Food Safety Problems in Online Ordering Based on Reviews Text Mining
Authors: Huang Yanrong , Wang Xinliang , Wang Rui , Min Jian
Published: August 2022

In the era of big data, the online ordering form of “Internet + traditional catering” has adapted to the needs of consumers with a fast pace of life and personalized consumption mode and is booming all over the world. However, due to the consumer information asymmetry and the lack of effective supervision, the potential food safety problems are becoming increasingly prominent. This paper comprehensively uses the social network analysis and Latent Dirichlet Allocation method to mine the text data of consumer comments on the online ordering platform and puts forward five food safety problems existing in the online ordering platform. Then, text features are extracted by using Bert, TF-IDF, Word2vec, and N-gram algorithms, and classifiers based on GBDT, XGBoost, LSTM, BiLSTM, CNN, RNN, and CRNN algorithms are cross constructed to identify text reviews with potential food safety hazards. The classifier’s performance is compared and evaluated through ten-fold cross-validation, Friedman test, and confusion matrix. The research results show that the BERT-GBDT classifier has the best performance in accuracy, precision, specificity, and F1 measure value, and stability is the strongest. It has the best distinguish effect on the text of the review with potential food safety hazards.
A Study on the Application of a Multisubject Collaborative Model Based on Intelligent Sensor Networks in Sports Training
Authors: Ding Bin , Jian Yanchun , Yuan Xingliang
Published: August 2022

In today’s rapidly developing information technology, computers are becoming faster and more accurate with more and more sensors, and the birth of new technologies such as cloud computing, big data, the Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence has turned the whole world upside down. At the same time, there is a growing interest in more natural and harmonious ways of human-machine interaction, and many people are devoting themselves to research in this area. Its nodes can be distributed arbitrarily in the target environment and can obtain relevant information about the surrounding environment. In a multinode wireless sensor network, the nodes organize themselves with each other through special protocols to realize their respective functions. In this paper, the application of a multisubject collaboration model to sports training is analyzed, and its superiority is verified by means of examples.
Modelling of Metal Removal Rate in Copper Alloy Milling Using MATLAB
Authors: Abdul Zahra Musaddak Maher , Yanmaz Ekrem , Bothichandar T.
Published: August 2022

The copper found in Earth’s soil ranks fourth in abundance among structural metals. Copper alloys are composed of copper and other elements. Most commonly, these alloys are used in aerospace, medical, and energy applications, but they are also used in many other areas. The amount of the stabilizing agents and the temperature determine which phase copper alloys exist in, including α, α + β, and β. The temperature in the cutting zone is one of the most important factors to control when machining copper alloys. Copper alloys have low thermal conductivity and high heat capacity, meaning that they have low heat conduction from the cutting zone, which leads to the built-up heat in the cutting edge. As the workpiece and cutting tool moves at different speeds, the temperature is strongly affected by the cutting speed. The physical and chemical properties of tool wear progression have been used in several studies and research projects to model tool life and metal removal as a result of this fact. The focus of this article is on establishing a model connecting cutting parameters and measured responses in terms of tool life, using the design of experiments and metamodeling to establish a model that can be used to predict tool life from milling experiments. In order to secure reliable machining operations, these models were designed for customer recommendation and cutting data optimization. The study focused on copper alloys 6Al-4V, the most common being α + β alloy. In conclusion, the two models developed in this study are able to predict the tool life based on the cutting speed and radial width of cuts. As long as certain parameters are met, the models will ensure the highest possible metal removal rate.
Design of Public Building Space in Smart City Based on Big Data
Authors: Wang Wei
Published: August 2022

In order to improve the geometric form space composition and color planning analysis ability of smart city public buildings, a big data based smart city public building space design method is proposed. The method of combining computer vision detection and remote sensing detection is adopted to realize the detection of big data characteristics of spatial combination at the aesthetic level of building structure, and the difference distribution model of spatial composition parameters of building geometry is constructed. Extract the feature quantity of urban architectural integration form elements, and build the big data GIS information base of spatial combination at the aesthetic level of architectural structure according to the analysis results of intelligent parameters, so as to realize the spatial design of the intelligent urban public buildings. The test shows that the application of this method improves the geometric form space composition and color planning ability of smart city public buildings and can realize high‐precision spatial combination big data extraction of architectural structure aesthetics in a large area. At the same time, this method can ensure the relative independence of space and meet the requirements of use and management.
Diagnostic Value of Carcinoembryonic Antigen Combined with Multi-Inflammatory Cell Ratios in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Liu Xiao-Cui , Dai Yu-Ling , Huang Fei , Zhong Zhen-Jie , Liu Xiao-Fei
Published: August 2022

Purpose. To evaluate the diagnostic value of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) combined with inflammatory cell ratios in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods. This retrospective study compared the data of CRC patients with healthy controls. The CEA levels were measured, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (d-NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) were calculated. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the diagnostic value of each marker and combined detection. Spearman’s rank correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between CEA and NLR, d-NLR, and PLR. Results. Inflammatory cell ratios and CEA were significantly higher in the CRC group. ROC curve analysis showed that NLR, d-NLR, and PLR had good diagnostic efficacy. The threshold showed that NLR, d-NLR, and PLR were all related to TNM stage, not to age, gender, tumor location, and degree of differentiation. CEA combined with NLR, d-NLR, and PLR (CNDNP) had a significant diagnostic value in CRC. Correlation studies showed that CEA was positively correlated with NLR and d-NLR but not with PLR. Conclusion. The combination of CEA with CNDNP might be a valuable indicator for CRC diagnosis.
The Effect of Government Subsidies on Firm R&D Investment in China: From Perspectives of Ownership and Market Power
Authors: Wang Haijing , Shi Junguo , Imran Muhammad , Gao Jiaqi , Zhang Yitian , Wang Rongyu
Published: August 2022

This study examines the effects of government innovation subsidies under different combinations of market power (i.e., the relationship between enterprises, upstream suppliers, and downstream customers) and different types of ownership from the perspective of the contemporary marketing microenvironment. Based on the panel data of listed Chinese manufacturing companies from 2009 to 2018, the empirical results show that, in the case of higher buyer power, government subsidies will significantly promote the R&D investment of enterprises and the positive effect is not affected by nature of the enterprise’s ownership. In the case of lower buyer power and seller power, government subsidies significantly promote the R&D investment of nonstate‐owned enterprises, but have no effect on state‐owned enterprises. The conclusions of the study further verify that, under different combinations of market power, there are significant differences in the effects of innovation subsidies for enterprises with different forms of ownership, and these provide a theoretical point of reference for the government to implement innovation subsidies. This study not only fills the theoretical black box of the relationship between government subsidies and enterprise innovation but also provides relatively new empirical evidence for the related research on innovation subsidies in developing countries.
Effects of Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin Combined with Apatinib on Immune Function and Levels of SIL-2R and sicAM-1 in Patients with Gallbladder Cancer
Authors: Qu Linlin , Li Kun , Liu Kui , Hu Weiyu
Published: August 2022

Objective. The aim of this study was to determine how gemcitabine, oxaliplatin combination, and apatinib affect immune function and SIL-2R and sicAM-1 levels in patients with gallbladder cancer. Methods. Retrospective analysis of 116 patients with gallbladder cancer treated at our institution between February 2019 and February 2021. The patients were randomly divided into control and study groups, with 58 patients in each group. The study group received the combination of apatinib and the control group received gemcitabine and oxaliplatin. Immune function, serum tumor markers, short-term efficacy, survival measures, and incidence of adverse events were monitored and compared between the two groups. Results. CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, and NK levels were significantly higher in both groups after treatment, while CD8+ levels were significantly lower; levels of sicAM-1, sicAM-1 (VEGF), and CEA were greatly reduced in both groups after treatment; there were significant differences between the study and control groups in terms of rr46.55% and DCR84.48%; at one year after treatment, the survival rate in the study group increased from 67.24% in the control group to 79.31%, with an increase in both PFs and 0S. Compared with the control group, the incidence of hypertension and myelosuppression, neutropenia, proteinuria, and hand-foot syndrome were lower in the study group (

P
<
0.05

). All differences were statistically significant. Conclusion. In the treatment of gallbladder cancer, the use of gemcitabine and oxaliplatin combined with apatinib can effectively control the progression of patients’ disease.
Factors Influencing the Development of Digital Economy in Local Areas of China Based on Big Data Statistics
Authors: Lu Lisi , Guan Jishen , Wu Xiaoxia
Published: August 2022

With the rapid development of information technology, Internet technology based on big data promotes the formation of digital economy. As a key factor of production in the information age, digital economy has attracted the attention of all countries in the world. In 2017, the CPC Central Committee clearly proposed to build a digital economy with data as the key element. Digital economy is increasingly becoming the mainstream of global economic development. China is in a critical period of economic transformation, and the world is also facing the unprecedented changes in a hundred years. Whether we can seize this mainstream development and push China’s economy to a new level is very important to the national economy. Firstly, this paper expounds the development history and significance of big data technology and digital economy, investigates the development status of digital economy in China, classifies digital economy based on big data ecology, and gives the evaluation principles and theoretical basis of digital economy. Finally, this paper explores the influence model of industrial structure on digital economy, combs the empirical analysis ideas of the influence model, and puts forward some relevant suggestions on the development status of digital economy in China. Based on the background of big data statistics, this paper uses structural equation to study the factors that affect the development of digital economy and gives the model empirical ideas, aiming at promoting the development of national digital economy.
Theory of Acceleration of Decision‐Making by Correlated Time Sequences
Authors: Okada Norihiro , Yamagami Tomoki , Chauvet Nicolas , Ito Yusuke , Hasegawa Mikio , Naruse Makoto
Published: August 2022

Photonic accelerators have been intensively studied to provide enhanced information processing capability to benefit from the unique attributes of physical processes. Recently, it has been reported that chaotically oscillating ultrafast time series from a laser, called laser chaos, provides the ability to solve multi‐armed bandit (MAB) problems or decision‐making problems at GHz order. Furthermore, it has been confirmed that the negatively correlated time‐domain structure of laser chaos contributes to the acceleration of decision‐making. However, the underlying mechanism of why decision‐making is accelerated by correlated time series is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate a theoretical model to account for accelerating decision‐making by correlated time sequence. We first confirm the effectiveness of the negative autocorrelation inherent in time series for solving two‐armed bandit problems using Fourier transform surrogate methods. We propose a theoretical model that concerns the correlated time series subjected to the decision‐making system and the internal status of the system therein in a unified manner, inspired by correlated random walks. We demonstrate that the performance derived analytically by the theory agrees well with the numerical simulations, which confirms the validity of the proposed model and leads to optimal system design. This study paves the way for improving the effectiveness of correlated time series for decision‐making, impacting artificial intelligence and other applications.
A Novel Mutation in the FYCO1 Gene Causing Congenital Cataract: Case Study of a Chinese Family
Authors: Mei Shuping , Lin Jingwei , Liu Zhen , Li Cheng
Published: August 2022

Congenital cataract is the most important global cause of visual impairment in children. Autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance account for the majority of the hereditary nonsyndromic congenital cataract. The function of FYCO1 gene is to guide the transport of the microtubule-directed vesicles. Mutations in the FYCO1 gene may cause cataracts. We reported a novel nonsense mutation in FYCO1 (

c
.
1411
C
>
T

, P. R471

∗

), which could cause nonsyndrome autosomal recessive congenital cataract. We underwent an ophthalmology examination of all participants and collected blood samples from all participants and extracted genomic DNAs. By whole exome sequencing, we found that this family carried an unreported mutation in the FYCO1 gene:

c
.
1411
C
>
T

, P. R471

∗

. Sanger sequencing was performed to verify the mutation. We used ITASSER and PYMOL to predict and compare the structure and function of the mutated proteins. Using SIFT software and referring to the relevant guidelines of ACMG, the mutation was determined to be pathogenic. The models suggested that the nonsense mutation p.R471

∗

resulted in a profound disruption of the FYCO1 protein structure. This report expands the locus information of the FYCO1 mutations.
Metabolic and Developmental Changes in Germination Process of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) Sprouts under Different Water Spraying Interval and Duration
Authors: Lim Insu , Kim Byeong Cheol , Park Yeri , Park Nam Il , Ha Jungmin
Published: August 2022

Mung bean is one of the world’s most important legume crops and is a major protein source, particularly in developing countries. Various polyphenolic compounds and nutrients accumulate in mung bean sprouts during germination. Mung bean sprouts are consumed globally as an excellent food source of bioactive phenolic compounds. The contents of phenols and flavonoids and antioxidant activity were monitored for four days after germination under four different spraying conditions using three mung bean cultivars. On the third day after germination, the sprout extract showed the highest antioxidant capacity. The length and thickness of hypocotyl of mung bean sprouts appeared to be the most suitable for consumption on the third day after germination. Using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, eight phytochemicals were identified, and neochlorogenic acid was identified for the first time in mung bean sprouts. End products (neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, vitexin, and isovitexin) showed certain trends in their contents for four days, while intermediates (caffeic acid, catechin, syringic acid, and p-coumaric acid) were highly responsive to watering condition and cultivars. Watering interval significantly affected the length of root and lateral root development. Both cultivars and watering conditions and/or their interaction significantly affected the biochemical and physical traits of mung bean sprouts. The results suggest that watering conditions need to be considered as an important factor to improve food quality of mung bean sprouts. Our phenotypic and metabolic profiling would provide potential information for production of mung bean sprouts that fit consumers’ preferences.
Subacute Toxicity Effects of the Aqueous Shoot Extract of Yushania alpina (K. Schum.) W.C.Lin in Sprague Dawley Rats: An Appraisal of Its Safety in Ethnomedicinal Usage
Authors: Wanjiru Joseph Ngugi , Maitho Timothy Elias , Mbaria James Mucunu , Moriasi Gervason Apiri
Published: August 2022

Plant-based medicines have effectively managed several ailments in humans and animals since prehistoric times. However, the pharmacologic efficacy and safety of many plants currently used in traditional medicine have not been explored empirically, which raises serious public health concerns, derailing further research and their integration into the conventional healthcare system. Despite the longstanding ethnomedicinal usage of Yushania alpina shoot extract to treat inflammation, microbial infections, and diarrhoea, among other diseases, there is insufficient scientific data to appraise its toxicity profile and safety. Accordingly, we investigated the subacute toxicity of the aqueous shoot extract of Y. alpina in Sprague Dawley rats (both sexes) for 28 days based on the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development guideline 407. In this study, all the experimental rats treated orally with 40 mg/Kg BW, 200 mg/Kg BW, and 1000 mg/Kg BW of the aqueous shoot extract of Y. alpina remained normal, like the control group rats, and did not show any clinical signs of subacute toxicity, and no morbidity or mortality was recorded. Besides, the weekly body weight gains and the haematological and biochemical parameters of experimental rats orally administered with the studied plant extract at the tested doses and in the control group were comparable (

P
>
0.05

). No pathologic alterations in internal organs were observed following necroscopy. Further, the differences in weights of the liver, kidney, and spleen of experimental rats which were subacutely treated with the studied plant extract and the control rats were insignificant (

P
>
0.05

). Moreover, no histopathological changes were observed in tissue sections of the liver, kidney, and spleen obtained from all the experimental rats. Our findings demonstrate that the aqueous shoot extract of Y. alpina may be safe as it does not elicit subacute toxicity in Sprague Dawley rats. Further toxicological and pharmacological studies using other model animals and in clinical setups are encouraged to fully appraise the efficacy and safety of the studied plant extract.