bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Las familias monoparentales en España
Authors: Moreno Almudena
Published: January 2019

El aumento progresivo de nuevas formas de familia como la monoparentalidad moderna cuestiona la legitimidad del tradicional modelo de Estado de Bienestar, cuyo pilar fundamental se basaba en la estabilidad de la familia nuclear biparental asimétrica. Por ello, el objeto de este trabajo es presentar las relaciones existentes entre familias monoparentales y Estado de Bienestar en España. Los distintos trabajos de investigación realizados sobre las familias monoparentales han puesto de manifiesto la práctica inexistencia de directrices específicas en política familiar dirigidas a este tipo de familias (en cuanto a servicios y prestaciones), lo que dificulta la integración de las madres solas en el mercado de trabajo, debido a las dificultades que encuentran para compatibilizar el trabajo familiar y profesional, agravando así la precariedad económica y empobrecimiento de este tipo de familias.
¿Sociología de la infancia? Aproximaciones a un campo de estudio difuso
Authors: Rodríguez Pascual Ivan
Published: January 2019

El estudio de la infancia y de su papel en el funcionamiento y reproducción de las sociedades humanas, incomprensiblemente, no ha ocupado un lugar central en la teoría sociológica. En este artículo se ofrecen algunas claves que permiten, sobra la base de las escasas aportaciones con las que contamos en relación al estudio sociológico de la situación social de los menores, tomar posiciones y reivindicar la infancia como un objeto de estudio netamente sociológico, bajo la hipótesis de que ésta no es sino una construcción social, cuya génesis debe ser estudiada en perspectiva histórica y social.
Vieja y nueva migración. Rasgos, supuestos y evidencias
Authors: Criado María Jesús
Published: January 2019

El artículo revisa las diferencias más notables entre los flujos actuales y los precedentes. Se examinan después los diversos factores que intervienen en su génesis destacando, en este sentido, el papel de una serie de elementos de índole social y cultural. El proceso de mundialización, marco global en el que operan, sirve de soporte y potencia el efecto de estas dinámicas.
Do Plano Marshall ao Acordo com a CEE
Authors: Castro Francisco
Published: January 2019

Na base da formulação de uma política externa está sempre um entendimento do que é o soberano interesse nacional e da estratégia mais adequada para o afirmar. Na concepção dominante entre os decisores políticos do Estado Novo, a preservação e afirmação da independência nacional, no entendimento de que poder soberano é aquele que não se submete a nenhum outro na esfera externa, é o primeiro e grande objecto da política externa.Para manter a independência na Europa, o Estado Novo liga-a à dimensão pluricontinental de Portugal. E, ao fazê-lo, dita imediatamente a atitude face aos movimentos de integração económica na Europa: qualquer participação não poderia resultar em prejuízo para a afirmação enquanto Estado uno e indivisível, a um tempo europeu e africano. Portugal busca, assim, uma complementaridade entre a Europa e a África. Essa estratégia viria a consubstanciar-se na participação na EFTA e na tentativa de edificação da zona escudo. Esta última é abandonada no início da década de 70, altura em que também é assinado um acordo de comércio livre com a CEE.
A Política Externa do Marcelismo: A Questão Africana
Authors: Aires Oliveira Pedro
Published: January 2019

A presente comunicação apresenta uma síntese da política externa do período marcelista (1968-74), concentrando-se fundamentalmente na questão africana. Numa primeira parte, procura-se fazer o ponto da situação relativamente à bibliografia e às interpretações históricas deste tema. Seguidamente, analisa-se a “feitura” da política externa durante os governos de Marcello Caetano (o perfil dos ministros, o pessoal diplomático, as “diplomacias paralelas”), para depois se discutirem as linhas de continuidade e de ruptura relativamente ao salazarismo. Finalmente, examinam-se as estratégias que o regime poderia adoptar para quebrar o impasse suscitado pelo conflito colonial, tentando-se descortinar os motivos que terão levado os responsáveis portugueses a privilegiar umas em detrimento de outras.
A Case Study for Supply Chain Management Using System Dynamics
Authors: Şenaras Arzu Eren
Published: January 2019

System dynamics is an interdisciplinary problem-solving methodology that utilizes several significant thinking skills such as dynamic thinking and cause-and-effect thinking. System dynamics is a disciplined collaborative approach that could accelerate learning by combining a multifaceted perspective that provides insight into complex and interactive issues. System dynamics is designed to model, analyze, and improve socio-economic and administrative systems using a feedback perspective. Dynamic structured administrative problems are modeled by mathematical equations and using computer software. Dynamic constructions of model variables are obtained using computer simulations. In this chapter, a system dynamics model will be developed for supply chain management. The case study will be developed using VENSIM package program.
Internet of Everything (IoE)
Authors: Holland Janet L. , Lee Sungwoong
Published: January 2019

The internet of everything (IoE) envelopes the internet of things (IoT) that was simply focusing primarily on machine-to-machine sensor-based smart device communications. The IoE expands to include people and processes in a much more comprehensive scope. The internet of everything is expanding our ability to collect massive amounts of data for comprehensive analysis to achieve a level of understanding not previously possible. Since the internet of everything (IoE) has such a strong focus on collecting and analyzing data using smart sensor-enabled devices, eye tracking data is a perfect match. Eye tracking and other biometric sensor-based data can be collected and analyzed locally in real time through fog/edge computing or cloud-based big data analytics.
Ultra-Low-Power Strategy for Reliable IoE Nanoscale Integrated Circuits
Authors: Semião Jorge , Cabral Ruben , Cavalaria Hugo , Santos Marcelino , Teixeira Isabel C. , Teixeira J. Paulo
Published: January 2019

Ultra-low-power strategies have a huge importance in today's integrated circuits designed for internet of everything (IoE) applications, as all portable devices quest for the never-ending battery life. Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling techniques can be rewarding, and the drastic power savings obtained in subthreshold voltage operation makes this an important technique to be used in battery-operated devices. However, unpredictability in nanoscale chips is high, and working at reduced supply voltages makes circuits more vulnerable to operational-induced delay-faults and transient-faults. The goal is to implement an adaptive voltage scaling (AVS) strategy, which can work at subthreshold voltages to considerably reduce power consumption. The proposed strategy uses aging-aware local and global performance sensors to enhance reliability and fault-tolerance and allows circuits to be dynamically optimized during their lifetime while prevents error occurrence. Spice simulations in 65nm CMOS technology demonstrate the results.
Securing Over-the-Air Code Updates in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Wittke Christian , Lehniger Kai , Weidling Stefan , Schoelzel Mario
Published: January 2019

With the growing number of wireless devices in the internet of things (IoT), maintenance and management of these devices has become a key issue. In particular, the ability to wirelessly update devices is a must in order to fix security issues and software bugs, or to extend firmware functionality. Code update mechanisms in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), a subset of IoT networks, must handle limited resources and strict constraints. Also, over-the-air (OTA) code updates in the context of an IoT ecosystem may open new security vulnerabilities. An IoT security framework should therefore be extended with additional mechanisms to secure the OTA code update functionality. The chapter presents an overview of various OTA code update techniques for WSNs and their security flaws along with some existing attacks and possible countermeasures. It is discussed which attacks can be used more easily with the code update functionality. Countermeasures are compared as to whether they secure the weakened security objectives, giving a guideline to choose the right combination of countermeasures.
State Institutions of Financial Support for Small Business in Volatile Economies
Authors: Shevchenko Dmitry , Arku Harry Kingsley
Published: January 2019

Financing of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) today is one of the major areas of state support in volatile economies, as it is recognized as the most pressing problem affecting the activities of small businesses. The scale of development of SMEs in Russia today and its contribution to the economic recovery is clearly insufficient and impossible to expand without special measures of state support. This chapter will analyze the current state, dynamics, and financial constraints of SMEs in Russia; classify state supporting institutions; suggest basic methods to curb the situation; and disclose prospective financial supporting tools for SMEs development. The authors established the possibility of applying the Russian experience in supporting SMEs in the Republic of Ghana. This is due to the similarities in economic issues in these countries such as depreciation of currency and fall in oil prices. The authors analyzed the volumes and results of major government activities of the Russian Federal State and identified prospects for their development and implementation in Ghana.
Determinants of Employee Retention
Authors: Silva Melissa Rodrigues Ataide , Carvalho João Conrado de Amorim , Dias Alvaro Lopes
Published: January 2019

One of the biggest challenges faced by companies is the retention of employees. Studies undertaken in the area indicate that the high turnover rate, especially characterized by voluntary dismissal, is motivated by non-alignment of employees' interests with company objectives. The author focused on identifying which factors related to the employees and which factors related to the companies are determinant to retain employees and reduce the rate of turnover. To answer this question, a survey was conducted with a sample of 264 people, between employees and employers, treated by factor analysis. The results showed that age, gender, and marital status are not important for the employees' permanence and that the promotion of training, opportunities for advancement, salaries, and fair benefits are more valued, as well as the employee's interest in ascending professionally.
Linear Programming Based on Piece-Wise Linearization for Solving the Economic Load Dispatch Problem
Authors: Al-Subhi Ahmad , Alfares Hesham K.
Published: January 2019

This chapter discusses the application of linear programming (LP) techniques to find the optimal solution of the economic dispatch (ED) problem without considering transmission losses. The ED problem is concerned with optimizing the power generated by several generating units. The objective is to find the optimal power produced by each unit to supply the required load at minimum total cost. The generation cost associated with each unit is usually in the form of a quadratic or cubic function of the power produced. To apply LP, these nonlinear cost functions have to be linearized. The optimal solution is then determined by LP based on the approximate linear model. Piece-wise linearization methodology is adopted in this chapter. To evaluate the performance of the linearization method, a comprehensive set of benchmark test problems is used. LP solutions of linearized ED problems are compared with several other techniques from the literature. The LP technique with piece-wise linearization shows an overall competitive advantage in terms of total cost, solution time, and load satisfaction.
Hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Optimization Strategy for RP Material Selection
Authors: Jagadish  , Bhowmik Sumit , Gudala Suresh
Published: January 2019

Rapid prototyping (RP) is an advanced manufacturing technique that uses a computer-aided design data for designing a prototype. To design a part, the RP uses many kinds of materials that best suit the application. Due to the existence of a large number of RP materials that make the selection process quite challenging and considered to be a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) optimization problem. The chapter proposed a hybrid MCDM optimization strategy for optimal material selection of the RP process. The hybrid strategy consists of modified DEMATEL with TOPSIS where the extraction of criteria weights using modified DEMATEL strategy while ranking of RP alternatives considering the effect of beneficial and non-beneficial using TOPSIS strategy. A real-life case study on RP material selection is demonstrated to validate the proposed strategy.
ICTs and Improvement of Agriculture in the North West Region of Cameroon
Authors: Wutofeh Wuchu Cornelius Cornelius
Published: January 2019

This chapter evaluates the link that exists between ICTs and the promotion of agricultural activities. It presents forms of ICTs within the region, agricultural practices, and how they interact to enhance development. Qualitative and quantitative research designs were adopted with the use of semi-structured interviews and observation and questionnaires. Data derived was coded and analyzed using appropriate statistical procedures to come out with the following findings: diverse forms of ICTs, both traditional and modern, are available for the population of the North West Region; agricultural activities in the North West Region were found to be diverse though subsistence; ICTs present were found to be very significant in promoting agricultural activities in the region. Despite the problems that hinder the integration of ICTs in the agricultural sector of the region, increased capital and training will help boost this sector and enhance the socio-economic development of the region.
Quality of Internet Connection, Enjoyment and Gender Influence on University Students' Behaviour to Use Moodle
Authors: Kissi Philip Siaw , Osafo Wilson
Published: January 2019

Many universities use Moodle as a complementary medium of lesson delivery to extend learning beyond the classroom. However, the merits of using Moodle will not be realized if students fail to use this learning platform. This article investigated essential factors and gender differences that influence students' decisions to use Moodle. Technology acceptance model (TAM) was integrated with Moodle enjoyment and quality of internet connection factors to form the theoretical framework of this study. Data collected from 327 randomly selected students were analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM). The results showed that quality of internet connection has the greatest effect of β = 0.86 on behavioural intention while Moodle enjoyment has the highest impact of β=0.74 on actual Moodle usage. Furthermore, findıngs revealed that significant differences (t =1.77, p = 0.05) of Moodle enjoyment influence on behavioural intention exist between genders. The findings serve as a guide for planning, designing, and implementing Moodle as e-learning for students in universities.
Comparison of intradermal Dexmedmotidine and subcutaneous Ketamine for post-surgical pain management in patients with abdominal hysterectomy
Authors: Kamali Alireza , Zarepour Zahra , Shokrpour Maryam , Pazuki Shirin
Published: January 2019

Hysterectomy after cesarean section is the second most commonly used surgery for women in the United States. One of the most common problem after hysterectomy is pain. We decided to compare the effects of dexmedmotidine or ketamine on pain in patients by a double blind randomized clinical trial on 126 female candidates for abdominal hysterectomy in three groups of 42 persons referred to Taleghani hospital in Arak. For the first group, 50 micrograms of intradermal dexmedmotidine were injected, while in the second group, patients were injected with 100 mg of subcutaneous ketamine and the third group received 5 cc normal saline. Data were next analyzed by SPSS version 19. The mean age and body mass index of the patients were not significantly different in the three groups. The mean scores of pain during recovery of patients in ketamine, dexmedmotidine and placebo groups were 4.2±0.77, 2.6±0.89 and 1.3±0.87, respectively (p = 0.001). Scores of pain in patients at 4 and 8 hours after surgery showed also significant differences. In conclusion, ketamine and dexmedmotidine significantly reduce the severity of pain, but ketamine has a lower effect.
Sequence analysis of 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA mitochondrial genes in Iranian Afshari sheep
Authors: Mahmoodi Mohammad , Pahlevan Afshari Kian , Seyedabadi Hamid Reza , Aboozari Mehran
Published: January 2019

Phylogenetic relationships and genetic variation in Iranian Afshari sheep breed were analyzed using 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA gene sequences. The genomic DNA was isolated by salting out method and amplified 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes using PCR method. PCR amplification of 12S and 16S rRNA generated PCR amplicons at 859 and 1053 bp lengths, respectively. Sequence analysis was performed using BioEdit software. Phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA software. Phylogenetic analysis of haplotype in the combination with the sheep from GenBank showed that Iranian Afshari sheep made a close to the Australian sheep cluster. This study was found informative for establishing relationships between breeds from different parts of the world. This study may facilitate the future researchers and breeders for better understanding the genetic interactions and breed differentiation for devising future breeding and conservation strategies to preserve the rich animal genetic reservoir of the country.
Knowledge management processes at St Paul’s University Library in Kenya
Authors: Sirorei Emily C. , Fombad Madeleine C.
Published: January 2019

Background: Given the changes in society resulting from the explosion of information and knowledge in a knowledge economy, academic libraries are becoming an integral part of the knowledge system, and knowledge management is recognised as a vital process in academic libraries. The success of academic libraries in the competitive and challenging knowledge environment depends on their ability to utilise information and knowledge to meet the needs of the academic community.Objectives: This article investigates knowledge management processes at St Paul’s University Library in Kenya and suggests ways in which knowledge management processes may be enhanced.Method: A qualitative research approach and a case study research design have been adopted. Out of the 50 target population, only 32 were successfully interviewed to the point of saturation, and the data were analysed using content analysis.Results: The findings revealed that knowledge management processes were utilised at St Paul’s University Library, albeit to varying degrees, and the knowledge management processes were not formalised.Conclusion: The article recommends that knowledge management processes should be formally incorporated at academic libraries in Kenya. A formal knowledge management process at St Paul’s University Library may be realised through an institutionalised written knowledge management policy with leadership buy-in. A future quantitative survey of knowledge management processes in all academic libraries in Kenya is suggested.
New experience in cochlear implantation at Benghazi Medical Center
Authors: Al-Barasi Agila , S. Abdulkarim Yosef
Published: January 2019

Aims: Deafness is a pathology that interferes in several aspects of the emotional, psychological, social, and intellectual life. Cochlear implants are electronic devices that allow hearing rehabilitation. This study is carried out to show our experience in cochlear implantation at Benghazi Medical Center, Libya. Patients and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was performed over 110 patients at the Otorhinolaryngology Department, Benghazi Medical Center, between August 2012 and April 2016. The patients were analyzed according to the age, sex, type of implant inserted, approach, and intraoperative and postoperative complications. Two types of implant devices were used: cochlear and MED-EL. Surgery was done by the same surgical team. Results: Seventy of all patients operated for cochlear implantation were male (63.6%), while forty were female (36.4%). One hundred and four (94.5%) were children and 6 (5.55%) were adults. One hundred (91%) cases were prelingually deaf and 10 (9%) were postlingual deafness. Telemetry showed satisfactory neural response in 107 (97.35) cases. Failure to insert the electrode in 1 (0.9%) case as the cochlea was ossified bilaterally. Extrusion of the receiver took place in 1 (0.9%) case. One (0.9%) patient had extrusion after 2 years; another 1 (0.9%) had wound dehiscence. Despite our few years of experience in cochlear implantation, we have achieved the requirement of our patients. The need for structured services and trained professionals in this type of procedure is clear.
The effects of preoperative pregabalin administration on postoperative pain on Libyan patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Elmansouri Munira , Dugani Aisha , Adala Salah
Published: January 2019

Objective: The present prospective study was carried out in Surgical Department of Tripoli Central Hospital with the aim to evaluate the effect of preoperative single dose of 150 mg pregabalin in reducing postoperative pain and analgesic consumption after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients and Methods: Sixty patients of both sexes in the age of 18–60 years undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly allocated into two equal groups of 30 patients each. The pregabalin group received 150 mg oral pregabalin 1 h before induction of anesthesia and a placebo group received a matching placebo orally. Variables measured included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), duration of surgery, time to first dose and total dose of meperidine after recovery, and the visual analog scale (VAS – static and dynamic). The occurrence of nausea and vomiting during the first 24 h postoperative was also recorded. Results: No significant difference was found between the meperidine and the placebo groups regarding age, sex, BMI, or duration of surgery. The time of first meperidine dose required to alleviate pain after surgery was significantly four times longer in the pregabalin group as compared to the placebo group. The total dose of meperidine required for pregabalin group was significantly lower than that required for placebo group. Moreover, VAS was significantly decreased in the pregabalin group compared to placebo group both at static and dynamic states only 1 h after recovery. Conclusion: This study validates the preoperative use of a single dose of pregabalin in attenuating pain intensity postoperatively and reducing total analgesic consumption.
Prevalence and types of bacterial infections of the upper respiratory tract at a tertiary care hospital in the City of Tripoli
Authors: Atia Ahmed , Abired Ahmed , Ammar Anees , Elyounsi Najla , Ashour Abdulsalam
Published: January 2019

Aim: The study aimed to determine the bacterial etiology of upper tract respiratory infection in Abu-Sitta Hospital, Tripoli, Libya. Subjects and Methods: A total of 470 sputum specimens and 60 throat swabs were collected over a period of 1 year (From January 2014 to December 2014) from patients presented with clinical signs of upper respiratory tract infection at Abu-Sitta Hospital. Enrolled patients were sorted as inpatients or outpatients and by gender. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Variables were expressed as percentages. Differences in age and gender were analyzed using Chi-square test. Results: Of the total 530 screened samples, 80.5% were culture positive, where bacterial pathogens were detected in 83.7% of sputum specimens and in 56.5% of throat swabs. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most prevalent (48%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23%), Staphylococcus aureus (13%), Enterobacter (8%), Citrobacter freundil (5%), and latest with Klebsiella (3%). Conclusions: The spectrum of pathogenic bacterium causing upper respiratory infection in Abu-Sitta Hospital is considerably wide, with S. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa being the major causative bacteria.
Impact of chronic stress on cardiovascular system: Libyan conflict health perspective part 2: Mechanisms and treatment strategies
Authors: Elhwuegi Abdalla , Teebar Lamis
Published: January 2019

Recent studies have provided clear and convincing evidence that chronic stress contributes significantly to the pathogenesis and expression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This bibliography is a systematic review on the impact of chronic stress on the cardiovascular system with a special reflection on the Libyan conflict. It is divided into two parts, Part 1 deals with types of chronic stresses, while Part 2 deals with mechanisms involved in chronic stress and their treatments. Medline/PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases were used to search for peer-reviewed papers dealing with the review theme. Mechanisms responsible for the development of chronic stress are either behavioral or biological. Behavioral factors include lifestyles (e.g., smoking, alcohol, and physical inactivity). Biological mechanisms include sympathetic overdrive, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis overactivity, and low activity of central gamma-aminobutyric acid. Chronic stress managements and treatment strategies include psychological treatment like cognitive behavioral interventions, breathing techniques like Yoga and/or pharmacological treatments like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and drugs that inhibit sympathetic hyperactivity.
Vampiros en la Red. El robo de la cultura juvenil
Authors: Aparici Roberto , García-Marín David , Díaz-Delgado Natalia
Published: January 2019

En los últimos años, numerosos han sido los estudios sobre las competencias y las estrategias que los jóvenes desarrollan en los entornos digitales y en su relación con las franquicias culturales en el seno de sus universos transmedia. Este artículo, de tipo eminentemente teórico, tiene como objetivo ofrecer un análisis crítico sobre la mercantilización de la creatividad que los jóvenes despliegan en la Red. Los entornos digitales ofrecen escasas posibilidades de democratización del discurso público. La producción mediática de los jóvenes online suele estar basada en actos de falsa participación, ya que sus posibilidades de influencia son muy limitadas. A la vez, sus acciones en estos entornos digitales sirven para el sustento del capitalismo cognitivo a través de procesos de alienación y trabajo gratis que tienen como resultado la aparición de un feudalismo informacional que transfiere los bienes generados por la cultura juvenil desde el intelecto colectivo a las manos privadas.
Optimal inverse estimation of ecosystem parameters from observations of carbon and energy fluxes
Authors: Dutta Debsunder , Schimel David S. , Sun Ying , van der Tol Christiaan , Frankenberg Christian
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Canopy
structural and leaf photosynthesis parameterizations such as maximum
carboxylation capacity (Vcmax), slope of the Ball–Berry
stomatal conductance model (BBslope) and leaf area index (LAI)
are crucial for modeling plant physiological processes and canopy radiative
transfer. These parameters are large sources of uncertainty in predictions of
carbon and water fluxes. In this study, we develop an optimal moving window
nonlinear Bayesian inversion framework to use the Soil Canopy Observation
Photochemistry and Energy fluxes (SCOPE) model for constraining
Vcmax, BBslope and LAI with observations of
coupled carbon and energy fluxes and spectral reflectance from satellites. We
adapted SCOPE to follow the biochemical implementation of the Community Land
Model and applied the inversion framework for parameter retrievals of plant
species that have both the C3 and C4 photosynthetic pathways across
three ecosystems. We present comparative analysis of parameter retrievals
using observations of (i) gross primary productivity (GPP) and latent energy
(LE) fluxes and (ii) improvement in results when using flux observations
along with reflectance. Our results demonstrate the applicability of the
approach in terms of capturing the seasonal variability and posterior error
reduction (40 %–90 %) of key ecosystem parameters. The optimized
parameters capture the diurnal and seasonal variability in the GPP and LE
fluxes well when compared to flux tower observations (0.95>R2>0.79).
This study thus demonstrates the feasibility of parameter inversions using
SCOPE, which can be easily adapted to incorporate additional data sources
such as spectrally resolved reflectance and fluorescence and thermal
emissions.
Pollen-based temperature and precipitation changes in the Ohrid Basin (western Balkans) between 160 and 70 ka
Authors: Sinopoli Gaia , Peyron Odile , Masi Alessia , Holtvoeth Jens , Francke Alexander , Wagner Bernd , Sadori Laura
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Our study aims to reconstruct climate changes that occurred at Lake Ohrid
(south-western Balkan Peninsula), the oldest extant lake in Europe, between
160 and 70 ka (covering part of marine isotope stage 6, MIS 6; all of MIS 5;
and the beginning of MIS 4). A multi-method approach, including the “Modern
Analog Technique” and the “Weighted Averaging Partial Least-Squares Regression”, is
applied to the high-resolution pollen sequence of the DEEP site, collected
from the central part of Lake Ohrid, to provide quantitative estimates of
climate and bioclimate parameters. This allows us to document climatic change
during the key periods of MIS 6 and MIS 5 in southern Europe, a region where
accurate climate reconstructions are still lacking for this time interval. Our results for the penultimate glacial show cold and dry conditions, while the onset of
the “last interglacial” is characterized by wet and warm conditions, with temperatures
higher than today (by ca. 2 ∘C). The Eemian also shows the well-known climatic
tri-partition in the Balkans, with an initial pre-temperate phase of abrupt warming
(128–121 ka), a central temperate phase with decreasing temperatures associated with
wet conditions (121–118 ka), followed by a post-temperate phase of progressive change
towards cold and dry conditions (118–112 ka). After the Eemian, an alternation of four warm/wet periods with cold/dry
ones, likely related to the succession of Greenland stadials and cold events
known from the North Atlantic, occurred. The observed pattern is also
consistent with hydrological and isotopic data from the central
Mediterranean. The Lake Ohrid climate reconstruction shows greater similarity with climate
patterns inferred from northern European pollen records than with southern
European ones, which is probably due to its intermediate position and the
mountainous setting. However, this hypothesis needs further testing as very
few climate reconstructions are available for southern Europe for this key
time period.
Spatio-temporal dynamics of sediment transfer systems in landslide-prone alpine catchments
Authors: Clapuyt François , Vanacker Veerle , Schlunegger Fritz , Christl Marcus , Van Oost Kristof
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Tectonic and geomorphic processes drive landscape evolution over different spatial and temporal scales. In mountainous environments, river incision sets the pace of landscape evolution, and hillslopes respond to channel incision by e.g. gully retreat, bank erosion and landslides. Sediment produced during stochastic landslide events leads to mobilisation of soil and regolith on the slopes that can later be transported by gravity and water to the river network. Quantifying sediment storage and conveyance requires an integrated approach accounting for different space and time scales. To better understand mechanisms and spatial and temporal scales of geomorphic connectivity in mountainous environments, we characterised the sediment cascade of the Entle River catchment located in the foothills of the Central Swiss Alps. We quantified sediment fluxes over annual, decadal and millennial time scales using respectively UAV-SfM techniques, classic photogrammetry and in situ produced cosmogenic radionuclides. At the annual scale (2013–2015), the sediment budget of the Schimbrig earthflow is roughly in equilibrium, despite the fact that we measured intense sediment redistribution on the hillslopes. At the decadal scale (1962–1998), Schwab et al. (2008) reported episodes of sediment export that were not directly related to increased geomorphic activity on the hillslopes. At the millennial scale, catchment-wide denudation rates show a positive relationship with downstream distance or drainage area, when ignoring landslide-affected catchments. The latter are characterised by a negative relationship between denudation rates and downstream distance, along with high variability in denudation rates. The high denudation rates that we measured in the earthflow-affected Schimbrig catchment are illustrative for its high rates of geomorphic activity in comparison to adjacent areas. Our data show that the elevated denudation rates of the landslide-affected catchments are not necessary traceable when analyzing long-term sediment fluxes of the wider geographic area, as the landslide-affected catchments are often only a small fraction of the total catchment. The multi-temporal assessment of sediment fluxes indicates that (1) landslides can provide local sediment pulses, and mobilise material that becomes available for further mobilisation and transport when hillslopes and channels are connected. (2) Connection and disconnection cycles occur at decadal time scale. (3) Phases of high geomorphic activity at the catchment scale are episodic over thousands of years. Consequently, one single landslide has not necessarily an impact on the long-term sediment budget of first-order catchments. Rather, it is the cumulated effect of multiple landslides which are intermittently connected to the channel network at the decadal scale that may regulate sediment fluxes at the regional scale over the millennial time scale.
The Current Research Issues of Retail Internationalization
Authors: Miao Miao
Published: January 2019

Retail internationalization has always attracted interest from both academics and practitioners. Although many retailers have developed international markets successfully by adopting an agile global supply chain, offline and online channels, and various store formats, some cases indicate that barriers and difficulties which retailers face when entering the foreign markets still exist. Thus, the very simple question of how to succeed in implementing retail internationalization calls for more research which investigates this question regarding different cultural contexts and industries from various perspectives. This paper is concerned with retail internationalization and the current issues affecting it. In this paper, we adopt an organizing framework to deepen the understanding of the retail internationalization process, summarize the new issues at the firm and store-level, and intend to provide a theoretical framework for further research.
Brand Personification: A Study on Humanizing Personal Care Products in Sri Lanka
Authors: Munasinghe A.A.S.N
Published: January 2019

In the context of marketing communications where the concern is to create effective brand promotions, associating a brand with the personality of the consumers commonly known brand personification has become one of the most prominent aspects over recent years. In the process of designing the message, incorporating an appeal where the brand is associated to a human-like character is called the humanization of brands in advertising. There, the brand focuses on attracting the consumers with a reflection of the consumer’s personality in the brand being promoted. This strategy becomes thousand times more attractive to those products which are closely associated with the consumers. Thus, humanizing a brand alone isn’t sufficient, while humanizing them in the appropriate appealing manner is much more vital. Hence, this research will mainly be focusing on identifying the most suitable personality dimension to be associated for some of the top of mind personal care brands in Sri Lanka. The research approach, which takes the form of both quantitative and qualitative follows the use of multiple sources of data collection methods. The qualitative aspect clarifies the initial stage with the identification of the top of mind personal care brands and the personality dimensions which are closely associated with the targeted group. The quantitative aspect of the study is satisfied via the data gathered through a self-administered questionnaire developed by the researcher. The study then focuses upon an in-depth statistical analysis with the application of the Kruskal Wallis H Test followed by the Nemeyni Post Hoc test to identify the most suitable personality dimension to be associated with each brand in the humanizing them. The findings reveal some interesting facts over the consumer’s preferred dimensions to be reflected on those brands.
Cultural Influences on Environmental Consciousness and Green Environmental Behavior
Authors: Gammoh Bashar S. , Okoroafo Sam C. , Koh Anthony C.
Published: January 2019

This paper focuses on investigating the relationship between culture and green attitudes and environmental behavior across two countries representing societies with different cultural norms. The paper presents a theoretical model suggesting that individual level cultural differences influence consumer’s environmental consciousness which then influence their green consumerism and active ecological Behaviors’. Data was collected using survey research from two countries representing societies with different cultural norms—the United States and India. SmartPLS was used to assess the quality of the measurement model and test the proposed research hypotheses. Although the United States is a society that is generally driven by individualism and mastery orientation, study results indicate that at the individual level people attitudes and behaviors might be influenced by different orientations depending on the consumption situation. Overall, study findings highlight the value in understanding the influence of cultural factors at the individual level and not just at the country level.
Editorial: Community
Authors: Weber Mary Beth
Published: January 2019

In the early stages of my career, it was challenging to stay current with standards and trends unless you attended conferences in person. Those fortunate enough to attend conferences got the opportunity to hear firsthand information from leaders and to network with like-minded individuals. Those who were less fortunate could wait and read conference proceedings, newsletters, and professional journal papers. Additionally, if one was lucky enough to serve on an ALA or ALCTS committee (there was a lot of competition and few available spots), there was a required commitment to attend both the Midwinter Meeting and Annual Conference. Attending a conference forged professional relationships and built a sense of community.
Considering “Sameness” of Monographic Holdings in Shared Print Retention Decisions
Authors: Teper Jennifer Hain
Published: January 2019

In addition to the pressure of operating in a steady state of insufficient funding, academic libraries face incessant pressure to use space differently. As a result, libraries are aggressively withdrawing materials to relieve cramped shelves and reduce overall collection footprints. Selection for withdrawal may be based on various factors, but of concern is the withdrawal of materials for which copies are currently held in shared print repositories. Recent publications point to the need for thoughtful and strategic evaluation of shared print for quality and completeness, plus the evaluation of copies considered for withdrawal to ensure the perseverance of our print heritage. This study focuses on the comparison of forty-seven monographic titles cataloged as identical items that show broadly varying differences in editions, printings, condition, and preservation and repair. Survey data collected includes information about bibliographic accuracy, printing and binding variances, completeness, physical damage, chemical deterioration, provenance, and presence in the HathiTrust. The results show wide variability in the accuracy of cataloging records, historical use, physical condition of the materials, and the ability for those materials to be successfully digitized in the future. These results are illustrative of the strong potential for variation in “identical” bibliographic holdings among the broader academic library community.
Book Review: Coding with XML for Efficiencies in Cataloging and Metadata
Authors: Lorenzo Lisa
Published: January 2019

Written as a follow-up to an Association for Library Collections & Technical Services (ALCTS) pre-conference held during the 2015 American Library Association (ALA) Annual Conference, Coding with XML for Efficiencies in Cataloging and Metadata is an excellent introduction to the potential of Extensible Markup Language (XML) and related technologies in creating efficiencies in library cataloging and metadata work. As stated in the volume’s introduction, this guide will be most useful to those with some familiarity with XML or Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). However, this is not a requirement as the first chapter introduces XML in a way that will bring most newcomers up to speed. Catalogers will likely benefit most from this volume given that the majority of examples involve MARC 21 bibliographic data. However, metadata managers more broadly will also find value here, particularly in sections on XML Schema Definition Language (XSD), Extensible Stylesheet Language for Transformation (XSLT), XPath, and XQuery. Coding with XML does not purport to be a comprehensive reference for all XML work in libraries, but more of “a tutorial on its subject” (3). This is certainly true—each section provides an approachable and thorough introduction to a particular technology rather than an exhaustive list of features. There is also a useful list of resources at the end of the book for readers who want more information and more in-depth examples.
Percepção da avaliação da formação dos docentes do ensino médio das escolas da Regional I em tecnologias digitais
Authors: Lima Marcos Antonio Martins , Souza Andrea Moura da Costa , Batista Blússia Tétis Brito , Cunha Luís Antônio Rabelo
Published: January 2019

A educação permanente, seja ela presencial, semipresencial ou à distância, são estimuladas pelas instituições e órgãos de fomentos como uma prática que favorece a formação do docente. O presente artigo contextualiza a avaliação da formação docente em tecnologias digitais, assim como os seus desafios ao processo de integração dos conhecimentos adquiridos. Este estudo é resultado da pesquisa qualitativa desenvolvida entre os professores de português e matemática do ensino médio de duas escolas municipais de Fortaleza, localizadas na regional I, que participaram da formação semipresencial de 180h horas oferecida pelo FNDE/MEC, Secretaria Municipal de Fortaleza, em parceria com a UFC Virtual. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que produzir uma mudança na cultura dos docentes para integrar as tecnologias digitais as atividades curriculares desenvolvidas em sala mostram-se desafiadores, mas outros fatores exógenos se mostraram pertinentes no decorrer da pesquisa.Palavras-chave: avaliação, formação docente, tecnologias digitais.
O papel dos arquivos pessoais e institucionais para o estudo de gestão administrativa: um estudo sobre os diretores da FCM/Unicamp
Authors: Amaral Ivan Luiz Martins Franco do , Nunes Everardo Duarte
Published: January 2019

Neste artigo tem-se como principal objetivo discutir a questão dos arquivos pessoais e institucionais para os estudos de gestões administrativas, tomando como estudo de caso a Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas - FCM/Unicamp -, no período de 1963-2014. A proposta geral da pesquisa foi a de realizar um estudo histórico-social da trajetória das gestões dos diretores durante cinquenta anos, tendo como principal referência os conceitos de gestão e gestão institucional, abrangendo o estudo de quatorze gestões. Além de destacar a conceituação sobre arquivos institucionais e pessoais, apresenta-se uma breve história dos arquivos e da arquivística brasileira e de como está organizado o Setor de Arquivos da Unicamp e do Centro de Memória e Arquivo da FCM/Unicamp. Também são apresentadas as fontes e os tipos de documentos utilizados na pesquisa sobre as gestões dos diretores.Palavras chave: arquivos; arquivos pessoais; arquivos institucionais; gestão administrativa; gestão documental.
Políticas inclusivas para pessoas com deficiência no Brasil
Authors: Sehnem Cristian Evandro , Pavão Silvia Maria De Oliveira
Published: January 2019

Neste texto de revisão de literatura tem-se por objetivo apresentar conceitos e princípios fundamentais das políticas inclusivas para as pessoas com deficiência. São comuns os preconceitos e desentendimentos acerca das políticas de inclusão destinadas as pessoas com deficiência. As políticas públicas de acessibilidade, de tecnologia assistiva e de ação afirmativa têm papel crucial na transformação da sociedade e precisam ser o quanto antes conhecidas e disseminadas. Conclui-se que a ênfase dada ao aprendizado e prática inclusivos a partir do segmento educacional é tida como o mais eficiente e democrático caminho para a inclusão educacional.Palavras-chave: políticas inclusivas; pessoas com deficiência; acessibilidade educacional.