bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of licopine content in tomatoes on taste qualities of canned goods
Authors:   Dagestan State Technical University, Saidova Saida S.
Published: February 2021

The article provides a review of world data on the characteristics of the chemical composition of tomato fruits and the impact on their quality of the soil and climatic conditions of cultivation, varietal characteristics and maturity. It is noted that the current regulatory and technical documentation in the Russian Federation does not provide for the determination of functional substances. It has been shown that tomato fruits are a promising plant-growing raw material for the production of functional food products and directions for obtaining lycopene-containing products, canned foods, in particular, from tomato fruits, have been determined. The types of canned food and tomato products containing the highest concentrations of lycopene have been established. The regularity of increasing the concentrations of lycopene in tomato products with various methods of heat treatment is substantiated. The irreplaceable physiological significance of lycopene for the human body is proved, due to its antioxidant properties and the lack of the possibility of its synthesis. The biochemical nature of lycopene as a carotenoid and pigment is analyzed. The progressive foreign technologies of tomato processing have been studied, allowing to reduce the economic costs of production, increase the duration of storage of products containing extremely high concentrations of lycopene. The necessity of developing domestic food products of physiological importance, available for consumption in baby and diet food, is substantiated. It is proved that the Republic of Dagestan has a high climatic and resource potential for growing hybrid varieties of tomatoes containing high concentrations of lycopene and the mass fraction of dry matter necessary for the rational production of canned tomatoes.
Model experiment for cleaning oil-contaminated soils
Authors:   Astrakhan State Technical University, Kaziev Alibek A. , Akzhigitov Amantay Sh. ,   Atyrau State University of Oil and Gas Named after Safi Utebaev, Sagyndykova Sofia Z. ,   Atyrau State University Named after Khalel Dosmukhamedov, Nurlybekov Azamat N. ,   Atyrau State University Named after Khalel Dosmukhamedov
Published: February 2021

The ability to absorb oil hydrocarbons is inherent in microorganisms represented by various systematic groups. These include various types of micromycetes, yeast, and bacteria. The most active oil destructors are found among bacteria. They are characterized by the ability to absorb a wide range of hydrocarbons, including aromatic ones, have a high growth rate and, therefore, are of great practical interest. The restoration of oil-contaminated lands is currently one of the complex and at the same time little-studied object of reclamation. The article presents the results of studies of the adsorption capacity of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms of the genera Bacillus, Micrococcus and Rhodococcus and their oil-oxidizing activity after immobilization on zeolite and expanded clay in model conditions. It was noted that as a result of research work, strains of the microorganisms Rhodococcus, Micrococcus are better adsorbed on the surface of zeolite, expanded clay and at the same time have a high oil-oxidizing activity. Representatives of natural hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms are characterized by high emulsification rates; the cultures of Rhodococcus erythropolis and Rhodococcus ruber have the highest emulsifying activity. This may indicate a high destructive activity of microorganisms. When assessing the degree of oil destruction after 60 days when introducing free cultures of microorganisms, it ranged from 32.84 to 64.94%, and in the variants with the introduction of immobilized cultures of microorganisms on zeolite, oil utilization was from 47.94 to 86.84%. When immobilized cells of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms were introduced onto expanded clay, the destruction ranged from 47.69 to 92.75%.
Field testing of immobilized oil-degrading microorganisms in the Zhanatalap field of Atyrau region
Authors:   Astrakhan State Technical University, Kaziev Alibek A. , Akzhigitov Amantay Sh. ,   Atyrau State University of Oil and Gas Named after Safi Utebaev, Sagyndykova Sofia Z. ,   Atyrau State University Named after Khalel Dosmukhamedov, Nurlybekov Azamat N. ,   Atyrau State University Named after Khalel Dosmukhamedov
Published: February 2021

Hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms are widespread in natural ecosystems, since the ability to oxidize hydrocarbons is associated with the presence of enzymes of the oxidase group, with microorganisms using oil and oil products as the sole source of carbon and energy in the microbiological decomposition of hydrocarbons. The decomposition of oil and oil products in the soil under natural conditions is a biogeochemical process in which the functional activity of a complex of soil microorganisms that ensure the complete mineralization of oil and oil products to carbon dioxide and water is of crucial importance. The search for effective indigenous hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms, the creation on their basis of a full-fledged specialized consortium of microorganisms and their introduction into the initial, cleaned environment is one of the promising methods of purification with oil pollution in the oil-producing regions of Kazakhstan. Among the new biological methods for cleaning soil from oil pollution, the most promising are the use of a consortium based on immobilized microorganisms. A correctly selected carrier capable of sorption of petroleum hydrocarbons preserves and maintains attached cells in a viable state for a long time and protects them, especially at the initial stage of introduction, from adverse environmental conditions, which increases the efficiency of oil destruction. Hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms have high emulsifying activity and sorption ability for expanded clay, optimal conditions for biomass accumulation are: temperature 28-30 °С, pH = 7 and 9. It is recommended to use a consortium of oil-degrading microorganisms based on the native strains of cultures Bacillus firmus S20, Bacillus subtilis PR28, Micrococcus roseus UD6-4, Micrococcus varians PR69 to clean the soils contaminated with oil and oil products in the Zhanatalap field in the Atyrau region. It should be noted that after 8 months at the Zhanatalap field in the Atyrau region, oil destruction amounted to 94.3% in the variant with the introduction of immobilized microorganisms on zeolite and expanded clay. The results of the research are the basis for further development of technology for the restoration of oil-contaminated soils in arid conditions of Kazakhstan.
Study on the nature of impurities in the circulating glycol solution at the installation of gas purification from acidic components
Authors:   Russian State University of Oil and Gas Named after I.M. Gubkin, Kuryakova Tatiana A. , Beregovaya Natalia G. ,   Russian State University of Oil and Gas Named after I.M. Gubkin
Published: February 2021

Natural gas contains a large amount of moisture, which causes a lot of problems in its transportation and processing. In order to extract this moisture, natural gas gets subjected to the dewatering process, thereby reducing the moisture content and preventing further formation of hydrates. This is achieved by cleaning the gas from hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans and cooling in heat exchangers with the participation of a solution of monoethylene glycol. Together with gas, impurities come in the form of hydrocarbons, brine water, mechanical impurities, corrosion inhibitors, various SASs, resinous substances, etc. As a result of deposition of unwanted impurities on the internal surfaces of devices, the efficiency of mass exchange and heat exchange processes is reduced, equipment wear is increased, so is the laborious process of cleaning equipment during planned repairs, the temperature of the glycol block is disrupted and, as a result, the reagent consumption increases in order to maintain the necessary dewatering temperature of natural gas, and the waste of the glycol from the regeneration apparatus increases. The object of the study was the regeneration block of the saturated solution of monoethylene glycol. During the planned repairs of the plant, there was revealed significant contamination of the devices and heat exchange equipment of the glycol regeneration unit with a large number of unwanted impurities and sediments, as well as significant corrosion of pipe beams of heat exchangers and internal cavity of devices. We found that the most effective ways to prevent sediment formation in the monoethylene glycol regeneration unit are to better control the level of amine in the 374 B09 devices, to control the consumption of the amount of monoethylene glycol injected into heat exchangers, and to reduce the amount of impurities in the circulating solution of monoethylene glycol. Also, to reduce sediments in the heat exchange apparatus of the gas dewatering section, we recommend increasing the separation rate by installing jack elements in the 374 B09 separator and installing an additional filter in accordance with the proposed scheme, with a cartridge of polyphenylsulfide or fiberglass.
Study of the physical and chemical properties of materials based on polymer complexes of some water-soluble polymers
Authors:   Bashkir State University, Bazunova Marina V. , Mustakimov Robert A. ,   Bashkir State University, Dmitrieva Nadezhda V. ,   Bashkir State University, Dayanova Diana R. ,   Bashkir State University, Bazunov Andrey A. ,   Bashkir State University
Published: February 2021

Polymer complexes based on water-soluble physiologically-neutral polymers are promising for creating biomedical materials used in targeted delivery systems of drugs, enzymes or genes, as well as for encapsulating biological substances in biomedicine. In this work, the creation of film materials based on polymer complexes has used the sodium salt of succinyl chitosan, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol. Polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol are characterized by unsatisfactory a film-forming and gel-forming property, which limits their application in medical practice. These shortcomings have been compensated by the introduction of polysaccharides. It has been shown that the variation in composition of the studied polymer complexes allows changing purposefully the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the surface and sorption properties of polymer films based on them. The preparation of polymer complexes consisted of adding a portion of poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone or polyethylene glycol to solutions of the sodium salt of succinyl chitosan or sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose so that the ratio of the components of the complex was equimolar. Films based on polymer complexes were prepared by the method of pouring solutions of polymer mixtures with a concentration of 1 mol/L onto a previously defatted surface of a Petri dish. The thickness of the film samples was maintained constant and equal to 0.1 mm. It was shown that the preparation of polymer complexes of the sodium salt of chitosan succinyl or the sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose with poly-(N-vinylpyrrolidone) or polyethylene glycol allows one to purposefully change the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the surface of polymer films based on them. Also, film materials based on the studied polymer complexes have satisfactory sorption properties for water vapor. These facts suggest that systems based on polymer complexes of the sodium salt of chitosan succinyl or sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose with poly (N-vinyl pyrrolidone) or polyethylene glycol can serve as the basis for the creation of film or gel polymer materials for medical use.
QSPR model for the forecast of dynamic viscosity of arenas by the topological characteristics of molecules
Authors:   Bashkir State University, Dolomatov Mikhail Yu. , Aubekerov Timur M. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Koledin Oleg S. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Kovaleva Ella A. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Akhtyamova Kamila R. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Vagapova Elina V. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, Kovaleva Ella A. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technical University
Published: February 2021

Prediction of the dynamic viscosity of saturated hydrocarbons vapors is an important step in the calculation of various processes and apparatuses in chemical technology. In order to quickly determine the dynamic viscosity without resorting to the use of expensive equipment, methods of mathematical modeling are currently used. To predict the dynamic viscosity of saturated arenas vapors, a nonlinear multivariate regression model QSPR is proposed. The model associates with a dynamic viscosity a set of descriptors – the topological characteristics of molecular graphs: the Randic index, the Wiener index, and also the functions of the eigenvalues of the topological matrix of the molecule, which reflect the main structural and chemical factors, such as branching, length of the carbon skeleton and energy parameters of molecules, for example, Hückel’s perturbation spectrum of molecules, as well as affecting dynamic viscosity. The objects of research used arenas. The studied sample included 40 hydrocarbons of a number of arenas. The proposed model adequately describes the dynamic viscosity of saturated arenas vapors. The coefficient of determination of the model is 0.986. The average absolute and relative error for the test sample of HF is -2.46⋅10-7 cP and 1.83%, respectively. The model is applicable for engineering and scientific forecasts of the dynamic viscosity of various saturated arenas vapors.
Antioxidant activity of seeds and sprouts of celery crops
Authors:   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Zelenkov Valery N.
Published: February 2021

The study examined germination of seeds, antioxidant properties of seeds, sprouts and biomass of four vegetable crops under controlled conditions under various modes of seed drying. After thermal dehydration of the seeds (drying of samples at 105 °C), a sharp decrease in sowing properties occurs compared to air drying. Thermal dehydration strongly affects the viability of seeds and plants, but the level of adaptation to this stress effect is genetically determined and associated with metabolic features, forms and the state of water in plant cells and tissues. So, coriander seeds completely lose germination, and chicory seeds germinate quite well. New data are obtained on seed viability, microzelenium biomass formation and change of total antioxidant activity of studied vegetable crops under conditions of increased temperatures. In addition to chicory, carrot seeds showed some resistance to thermal dehydration. The height of the sprouts in chicory in experimental and control versions is close, while in carrots they differ almost 9 times. The yield of microselenium of carrots decreased by 11.5 times with the use of seeds subjected to thermal dehydration, the yield of chicory microselenium – by 2.7 times. The antioxy-data activity of coriander seeds, carrots and pasternaci decreases after thermodehydration, chicory seeds practically do not change. The antioxidant activity of sprouts is several times higher than that of seeds, which is characteristic of all studied crops. The formation of microzelenium during dark selection lasts no more than 2 weeks from the moment of sowing, obviously, therefore, it is impractical to grow microzelenium in the dark longer than this period.
New chlorin e6 amide derivatives with fragments of 1,3-diaminopropane
Authors:   Syktyvkar State University, Tulaeva Lyudmila A. , Morozova Irina A. ,   Syktyvkar State University, Belykh Dmitry V. ,   Institute of Chemistry,  Komi Scientific Center
Published: February 2021

In this work, we studied the interaction of methylpheophorbide a with 1,3-diaminopropane and proposed a simple method for the synthesis of chlorin e6 derivatives with one, two, and three amino groups on the periphery of the macrocycle. It is shown that, when methylpheophorbide a acts on 1,3-diaminopropane in a medium of chloroform or methylene chloride, the exocycle opens chemically selectively and chlorin e6 13-amide derivative of with an amino group attached by a spacer of three methylene groups forms (chlorin e6 13-N-(3-aminopropyl)amide 15,17-dimethyl ether). By the action of 1,3-diaminopropane on chlorin e6 13-N-(3-aminopropyl)amide 15,17-dimethyl ether at room temperature without solvent, chlorin e6 13,17-N,N'-(3-aminopropyl) can be chemically selective diamide 15-methyl ether and chlorin e6 13,17-N,N',N''-(3-aminopropyl)triamide with two and three amino groups, respectively. The preparation of di- and triaminochlorins can be carried out both from chlorin e6 13-N-(3-aminopropyl)amide of 15,17-dimethyl ether, and directly from methylpheophorbide a without isolation of the intermediate monoaminochlorin. In the latter case, after the methylpheophorbide a exocycle is opened with 1,3-diaminopropane in chloroform or methylene chloride medium, the solvent is distilled off from the reaction mixture and the resulting monoaminochlorin reacts with the 1,3-diaminopropane present in the mixture without solvent. The structure of the obtained mono-, di, and triaminochlorins is confirmed by IR and NMR spectroscopy.
Photoabsorption effect in the thin films of the CdPbS solid solutions
Authors:   Ural State Fire Service Institute of Emergency Ministry of Russia, Markov Vyacheslav F. , Grashchenkova Karina V. ,   Ural Federal University Named After the First President  of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Maskaeva Larisa N. ,   Ural Federal University Named After the First President  of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Shashmurin Yury G. ,   Ural Federal University Named After the First President  of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Kutyavina Anastasia D. ,   Ural Federal University Named After the First President  of Russia B.N. Yeltsin
Published: February 2021

In this work, we have attempted to detect the photoadsorption effect using various photoactivation sources of semiconductor layers of CdxPb1–xS solid solutions that are sensitive to the presence of nitrogen dioxide in air. For this purpose, CdxPb1–xS films (up to 600 nm thick) were synthesized from the citrate – ammonia reaction system by the chemical bath deposition (CBD) on glass and sitall substrates. Using XRD analysis, we determined the structure and composition of CdxPb1–xS solid solutions. It was found that all films crystallize in the cubic structure B1 of lead sulfide. Taking into account the content of the substituting component in the samples and comparing it with the equilibrium phase diagrams of the PbS-CdS system, we concluded that the obtained solid solutions are strongly supersaturated in nature. The cadmium content in the PbS lattice increases in films deposited on sitall and glass from 3.9 to 5.9 and from 4.3 to 5.4 at.% with an increase in the deposition time from 60 to 120 minutes, respectively. It must be noted that their crystallinity degree increases with increasing deposition time. The size of the particles forming the layers was determined by SEM microscopy. The predominant crystallite diameter is 250-300 nm. The sensory properties of films of CdxPb1–xS solid solutions with respect to the presence of nitrogen dioxide with a concentration of 100 mg/m3 in air were studied using preliminary photoactivation by various sources with a radiation wavelength from 420 to 1000 nm. For the first time, a positive photoadsorption effect was revealed for CBD produced films of CdxPb1–xS solid solutions. The preliminary photoactivation of the films with a blue lamp (760–1000 nm) for 9-13 minutes allows the film to increase the response to NO2 more than doubled. A high relaxation rate of CdxPb1–xS -based sensor elements after contact with nitrogen dioxide was shown to be 4–10 minutes, which allows to reuse it.
UMA BREVE HISTÓRIA DA EDUCAÇÃO: SUA RELEVÂNCIA, ACERTOS E ADEQUAÇÕES
Authors: Huanderson Soares e Sousa Tefischer , César Dias Lopes Gabriel
Published: February 2021

A educação é uma das características mais importante dos seres humanos, dita nossa forma de ser, nossos valores, crenças e condutas perante a sociedade. A relevância do trabalho se dar porque ainda em pleno século XXI ainda observamos muitas caracteríticas na educação atual ainda carrega resquícios do tipo de educação dos séculos e épocas passadas. Como metodologiapretende-se através de uma análise bibliográfica discorrer acerca da história da educação, mesmo que breve, mas importante para entender esse componente da vida humana e como evoluiu ao longo das épocas. Como objetivo temos o de mostrar através de uma análise histórica e bibliográfica uma breve história da educação mostrando sua relevância para a transformação da sociedade nasdiferentes épocas da história, mostrando cada período com suas respectivas características próprias e como acompanhou o contexto ao qual estava inserido. O trabalho está organizado em: conceito de educação, seu significado, etimologia, instituições educacionais e formas; educação na antiguidade; educação na idade média; educação na modernidade; educação na atualidadealém de considerações finais.
PREDICTING LAND PRICES AND MEASURING UNCERTAINTY BY COMBINING SUPERVISED AND UNSUPERVISED LEARNING
Authors: Lee Changro
Published: February 2021

Despite the popularity deep learning has been gaining, measuring the uncertainty within the result has not met expectations in many deep learning applications and this includes property valuation. In real-world tasks, however, rather than simply requiring predictions, assurance of the certainty of the predictions is also demanded. In this study, supervised learning is combined with unsupervised learning to bridge this gap. A method based on principal component analysis, a popular tool of unsupervised learning, was developed and used to represent the uncertainty in property valuation. Then, a neural network, a representative algorithm to implement supervised learning, was constructed, and trained to predict land prices. Finally, the uncertainty that was measured using principal component analysis was incorporated into the price predicted by the neural network. This hybrid approach is shown to be likely to improve the credibility of the valuation work. The findings of this study are expected to generate interest in the integration of the two learning approaches, thereby promoting the rapid adoption of deep learning tools in the property valuation industry.
DESIGN OF A SMART PREFABRICATED SANITISING CHAMBER FOR COVID-19 USING COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS
Authors: Abu-Zidan Yousef , Nguyen Kate , Mendis Priyan , Setunge Sujeeva , Adeli Hojjat
Published: February 2021

The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has spread at an unprecedented rate, resulting in a global pandemic (COVID-19) that has strained healthcare systems and claimed many lives. Front-line healthcare workers are among the most at risk of contracting and spreading the virus due to close contact with infected patients and settings of high viral loads. To provide these workers with an extra layer of protection, the authors propose a low-cost, prefabricated, and portable sanitising chamber that sprays individuals with sanitising fluid to disinfect clothing and external surfaces on their person. The study discusses computer-aided design of the chamber to improve uniformity of sanitiser deposition and reduce discomfort due to excessive moisture. Advanced computational fluid dynamics is used to simulate the dispersion and deposition of spray particle, and the resulting wetting pattern on the treated person is used to optimise the chamber design.
VVV CL001: Likely the Most Metal-poor Surviving Globular Cluster in the Inner Galaxy
Authors: Fernández-Trincado José G. , Minniti Dante , Souza Stefano O. , Beers Timothy C. , Geisler Doug , Bidin Christian Moni , Villanova Sandro , Majewski Steven R. , Barbuy Beatriz , Pérez-Villegas Angeles , Henao Lady , Romero-Colmenares María , Roman-Lopes Alexandre , Lane Richard R.
Published: February 2021

We present the first high-resolution abundance analysis of the globular cluster VVV CL001, which resides in a region dominated by high interstellar reddening toward the Galactic bulge. Using H-band spectra acquired by the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment, we identified two potential members of the cluster, and estimated from their Fe i lines that the cluster has an average metallicity of [Fe/H] = −2.45 with an uncertainty due to systematics of 0.24 dex. We find that the light-(N), α-(O, Mg, Si), and Odd-Z (Al) elemental abundances of the stars in VVV CL001 follow the same trend as other Galactic metal-poor globular clusters. This makes VVV CL001 possibly the most metal-poor globular cluster identified so far within the Sun’s galactocentric distance and likely one of the most metal-deficient clusters in the Galaxy after ESO280-SC06. Applying statistical isochrone fitting, we derive self-consistent age, distance, and reddening values, yielding an estimated age of

11.9

−
4.05

+
3.12

Gyr at a distance of

8.22

−
1.93

+
1.84

kpc, revealing that VVV CL001 is also an old GC in the inner Galaxy. The Galactic orbit of VVV CL001 indicates that this cluster lies on a halo-like orbit that appears to be highly eccentric. Both chemistry and dynamics support the hypothesis that VVV CL001 could be an ancient fossil relic left behind by a massive merger event during the early evolution of the Galaxy, likely associated with either the Sequoia or the Gaia–Enceladus–Sausage structures.
Effect of Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic to the Volume of Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Surgical Service: Experience from a Single Tertiary Orthopedic Hospital in Indonesia
Authors: Santoso Asep , Persada Gilang , Anwar Iwan Budiwan , Sibarani Tangkas SMHS , Mariyanto Ismail , Utomo Pamudji
Published: February 2021

The difficult situation of the coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic may affect to hip and knee arthroplasty service. Retrospective study was performed to patients who received elective total hip/total knee arthroplasty (THA/TKA) from January to September 2020 at Prof. Dr. R. Soeharso Orthopaedic Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia. There were a total of 64 THA and 227 TKA from January to September of 2020. There was an extreme decrease in the number of TKA surgery during April, May, and June in 2020. The effect of coronavirus disease-19 pandemic to the decrease of arthroplasty service was mainly in the first 3 months period.
Determinants of COVID-19 Prevention Behavior in the Elderly in Urmia: Application of Health Belief Model
Authors: Zareipour Morad Ali , Ardakani Mojtaba Fattahi , Moradali Monireh Rezaee , Jadgal Mohammad Saeed , Movahed Ehsan
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 disease effects on all age group and sex, especially the elderly, due to the high mortality rate, it is very impressive and the protective measures can reduce mortality in the elderly.
AIM: The present study was conducted to find the determinants of COVID-19 prevention behavior in the elderly in Urmia by emphasizing on the health belief model.
METHODS: The present study was a cross-sectional study on 1400 elderly people in Urmia, Iran in 2020 and the sample selection was by simple random sampling by simple random sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire in this study that included demographic characteristics, health belief model questionnaire, and COVID-19 prevention behaviors. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and linear regression tests using SPSS 23 software.
RESULTS: The results showed that the COVID-19 prevention behavior score has been increased by increasing age rate and this behavior was higher in older women than men (p = 0.02). Furthermore, linear regression test showed the most predictive constructs as knowledge (B = 0.38), perceived susceptibility (B = 0.29), perceived intensity (B = 0.25), and perceived self-efficacy (B = 0.21, respectively) and these structures were statistically significant (p < 0/05).
CONCLUSION: Effective interventions based on the health belief model and emphasizing on promoting knowledge, perceived susceptibility, severity, and perceived self-efficacy can prevent the elderly from developing this disease and its complications.
Caracterização reológica de dispersões de mucilagem de linhaça, gelana acilada ou desacilada na preparação de bebidas para indivíduos com disfagia
Authors: Vilela Joice Aline Pires , Paula Raquel Aparecida Domingues Gomes , Diaz Norys Josefina , Silvério Carolina Castelli , Da Cunha Rosiane Lopes
Published: February 2021

A disfagia é um distúrbio na capacidade de deglutição cujo tratamento pode incluir modificações na dieta do paciente, principalmente através do espessamento de líquidos. O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar o comportamento reológico de dispersões de mucilagem de linhaça, goma gelana acilada e desacilada com o objetivo de comparar com três diferentes espessantes comerciais na preparação de bebidas para pacientes com disfagia. A mucilagem de linhaça foi extraída em diferentes condições de tempo/temperatura e a extração a 95°C/30 min foi selecionada para a obtenção da mucilagem de linhaça desidratada, que pode ser utilizada para obtenção de dispersões com consistência do tipo ‘néctar’ (satisfatória para pacientes com disfagia leve) em concentrações acima de 0,5% m/m. Em relação à goma gelana, sua forma desacilada pode abranger três diferentes faixas de consistência utilizando-se concentrações de 0,3 a 1% (m/m). Já sua forma acilada resultou em dispersões com consistência do tipo ‘néctar’ através do uso de concentrações menores que 0,1% (m/m). Quando comparadas com dispersões de espessantes comerciais, a mucilagem de linhaça e a gelana desacilada apresentaram viscosidade aparente superior quando avaliadas em concentrações similares.
Prêmio Fundação Banco do Brasil de Tecnologia Social: um resgate histórico
Authors: Frata Kelly Regina , Freitas Carlos Cesar Garcia , Ikegami Fabíola Cristina de Lima
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo, faz um resgate histórico sobre a construção do conceito e a caracterização da Tecnologia Social no Brasil, tendo como foco principal, uma análise da instituição do Prêmio Fundação Banco do Brasil de Tecnologia Social, e do formato que o Prêmio vem adquirindo ao longo das edições, e suas perspectivas. Numa abordagem qualitativa, através de uma pesquisa documental de cunho descritivo, com base em materiais científicos, e uma análise documental, dos nove editais que regulamentam o prêmio e ainda com informações complementares,  coletadas através de um questionário,  junto a um colaborador da Fundação Banco do Brasil, foi possível verificar que os regulamentos sofreram alterações: que por vezes foram de ordem técnica, por outras de adequação às demandas sociais, ou ainda para atender a legislação vigente.  Constatou-se também que o Prêmio está consolidado no cenário brasileiro e se tornou uma referência na certificação, na premiação e na difusão das Tecnologias Sociais.
Avaliação dos serviços públicos ao munícipe de Teresina disponibilizados por meio do governo eletrônico
Authors: Ribeiro Neilson Pereira , Carniello Monica Franchi
Published: February 2021

A partir da formação do comitê para o e-gov brasileiro no ano de 2000, surgiu um novo contexto na administração pública, denominado governo eletrônico, por meio do qual o poder público pode estabelecer fluxos comunicacionais com a sociedade, como um pilar que pode potencializar os princípios da transparência e da democracia. A partir de 2011, a Lei de Acesso à Informação (LAI) fortaleceu o uso das mídias digitais e favoreceu a disponibilização de seu acesso. Essa legislação contribui diretamente para a construção de uma nova política de transparência online, que disponibiliza serviços e informações ao cidadão, com o intuito de dar celeridade e aumentar a eficácia dos processos no âmbito da administração pública. Este artigo tem como objetivo geral avaliar a oferta e a utilização de serviços públicos municipais oferecidos por meio de governo eletrônico em Teresina – Piauí, identificando os principais canais de prestação desses serviços e os aspectos limitantes ao seu progresso e à sua implementação no município de Teresina. O método utilizado foi de abordagem quantitativa, com entrevistas estruturadas aplicadas a 625 cidadãos, e análise documental, para verificar a oferta dos serviços que implementam os princípios de e-gov no município de Teresina - PI. Considerando os parâmetros do governo eletrônico estabelecidos pela Unesco, pode-se concluir que, quanto à oferta de serviços e informações por meio do e-gov, o município de Teresina encontra-se no nível de Estágio II – Aprimorado, que permite a troca de informações entre governo e cidadãos, com via de duplo sentido.
Tecnologia blockchain - IOTA aplicada a rastreabilidade de produtos
Authors: Silvano Wellington Fernandes , Marcelino Roderval , Vigil Martín Augusto Gagliotti
Published: February 2021

As atuais técnicas de trocas de informações durante o transporte de produtos na cadeia de suprimentos causam atrasos e erros humanos. Soluções computacionais geralmente envolvem bancos de dados centralizados hospedados por uma das partes interessadas. Esse contexto desperta o interesse em soluções descentralizadas, confiáveis e seguras, como é o caso da tecnologia blockchain. O objetivo deste trabalho está na investigação dos desafios e possibilidades de rastrear as informações de produtos durante o processo de transporte utilizando o sistema de contabilidade distribuído(ledger) da IOTA. Verificou-se que existem limitações nos atuais sistemas blockchain voltados para rastreabilidade de produtos, por isso foi proposto um modelo que combina IOTA com dispositivo IoT para acompanhamento da situação dos produtos. A partir do modelo proposto, identificou-se que a tecnologia pode habilitar maior confiança entre os atores da cadeia de suprimentos e fazer parte de novas soluções que evitem prejuízos e erros humanos durante o transporte.
Tecnologia e poder: uma interpretação da tecnologia como elemento fundamentalmente político
Authors: Dias Rafael
Published: February 2021

A tecnologia está intensamente presente em nosso mundo. Ela constitui também um elemento fundamental na construção do ordenamento social e está intrinsecamente ligada a relações de poder. Como tal, constitui um campo de contestação e disputa política, no qual interesses e projetos se enfrentam. Apesar de sua relevância, processos dessa natureza, entretanto, com frequência escapam de nossos olhares. Buscando contribuir nesse sentido, este artigo pretende fomentar uma reflexão a respeito da dimensão política da tecnologia, tendo como ponto de partida o debate proposto por autores associados aos Estudos Críticos da Tecnologia, como Jacques Ellul, Langdon Winner e Andrew Feenberg.
Nota técnica: a resposta rápida da ciência brasileira ao COVID-19 a partir do estudo de arboviroses
Authors: Sica de Campos André , Pamplona da Costa Janaina , Cintra Paulo Roberto , Greco Liz Felix
Published: February 2021

A Pandemia do Coronavírus-19 (COVID-19) determinou a busca para sua contenção e cura a partir da mobilização da comunidade científica brasileira. Assim, este artigo objetiva observar o perfil de resposta rápida desta comunidade à COVID-19 no período de janeiro até abril de 2020. Para tal, examinaram-se as publicações científicas indexadas na Web of Science relacionadas à COVID-19 neste período. Os resultados indicaram uma relação entre tais publicações e produções anteriores na temática das arboviroses (e.g. dengue). Identificou-se uma pronta resposta da comunidade científica brasileira ao desafio da COVID-19, marcadamente por parte de grupos internacionalizados e que já eram ativos na temática das arboviroses. Ressalta-se assim a importância do financiamento público estatal para a criação de uma base de conhecimento nacional com capacidade de articulação internacional.
Community perceptions towards nature conservation in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Angwenyi Daniel , Potgieter Martin , Gambiza James
Published: February 2021

Relationships between protected area managers and adjacent communities, as well as communities’ attitudes, views and perceptions of these areas, are critical for the success of conservation efforts. It is important for protected area managers and administrators to understand how local communities view these areas and their management, so that they can build sustainable working rel ationships. This paper is based on a survey of 375 semi-structured questionnaires administered to household heads, living at distances ranging from the edge of the reserves to 50 km away from the reserve boundary across the Great Fish River, Mkambati, Hluleka, and Tsolwana nature reserves in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The paper provides a longitudinal assessment of households’ knowledge about the role of reserves and the reserves’ impacts on livelihood assets. In addition to households’ knowledge about the role of reserves, the paper also provides an assessment of people’s attitudes towards their location and management, as well as views on the best way to manage the reserves. For 79% of community members, reserves were important as they were seen to conserve biodiversity and valuable ecological systems necessary for sustaining life. Most (75%) respondents indicated that closely located reserves gave them opportunities to learn about nature conservation and to subsidize their incomes through tourism ventures. However, 58% had a problem with reserves’ staff, due to restrictions on resource use, which negatively impacted their livelihoods. Over half (51%) of the households argued that sustainable conservation can only be achieved through an integrated approach where conservation and local communities’ needs are given equal weight. We concluded that reserve managers should look at communities as active partners in the management of protected areas if sustainable conservation objectives are to be realised.
Inégalités économiques entre générations en France
Authors: Masson André
Published: February 2021

La crise sanitaire est et sera lourde de conséquences, notamment pour les personnes âgées qui sont les principales victimes de la Covid-19, et pour les jeunes, qu’ils poursuivent leurs études ou soient à la recherche d’un emploi. Mais si les seniors (60 ans ou plus) ont, jusqu’à présent, vu leur niveau de vie sauvegardé, en revanche, le sort des plus jeunes semble fort compromis par la crise. Forment-ils une génération sacrifiée ? Anticipant l’essor des inégalités entre générations, la revue Futuribles consacre un dossier spécial auxdites inégalités et à l’évolution des relations, plus ou moins conflictuelles ou de solidarité, entre les générations. Le texte d’André Masson dresse ici un constat selon lequel les inégalités économiques entre générations se creuseraient dangereusement. Dans un deuxième article à paraître dans le numéro de mai-juin de Futuribles , il brossera un panorama des solutions possibles, notamment pour renforcer les solidarités entre les personnes âgées et les plus jeunes, en d’autres termes investir dans l’avenir.  H.J.
Scepticisme et Dieu trompeur : les contextes mersenniens
Authors: Buccolini Claudio
Published: February 2021

En rédigeant, à partir des arguments des savants et des amateurs avec qui il était en relation, les Objectiones IIae et  VIae aux Meditationes , Mersenne ne pose aucune question concernant le « scepticisme », ni ne voit, dans le doute hyperbolique et dans l’argument du Dieu trompeur, des thèses capables de renouveler ou radicaliser des arguments sceptiques : il n’y a pas, pour Mersenne, de « Descartes sceptique malgré lui ». Nous essayons de tracer quelques étapes du parcours des réflexions de Mersenne autour de ces deux axes thématiques, Dieu trompeur et scepticisme, à partir des années 1620, avec la Vérité des sciences (1625) et la deuxième partie, restée inédite, des Quaestiones in Genesim , et dans les années 1630, avec les Harmonicorum Libri et l’ Harmonie universelle de 1636-1637, pour comprendre pourquoi, en 1641, Mersenne, sans aucune référence au scepticisme, pouvait considérer le problème du Dieu trompeur comme problème essentiellement exégétique qu’il proposait à Descartes en théologien, non « in persona impiorum ». Notre contribution vise à distinguer les sources et le contexte des problèmes discutés par Mersenne, du contexte et des – possibles – sources de Descartes.
Des dynamiques territoriales d’innovation aux dynamiques territoriales de valuation
Authors: Jeannerat Hugues
Published: February 2021

Cet article expose les dilemmes conceptuels posés par l’évolution de l’industrie horlogère suisse des quinze dernières années vis-à-vis des modèles territoriaux d’innovation existants. L’argument mis en avant est que ces modèles permettent de comprendre comment les dynamiques territoriales sont à la base du changement économique mais pas comment la valeur économique de ce changement se construit territorialement. Sur la base de différentes théories socio-économiques des marchés et d’illustrations empiriques du cas de l’horlogerie suisse, l’article propose une approche relationnelle, institutionnelle et transactionnelle de la valeur. Le concept de « valuation » est introduit comme cadre d’interprétation des dynamiques territoriales d’innovation contemporaines. Ces dynamiques ne se résument pas à la capacité d’un système d’innovation local à produire différemment de la concurrence. Elles impliquent également la capacité de ce système à s’insérer dans des réseaux multi-locaux de co-production et de consommation. Classification JEL  : O31, O32, O33, R11
A Three-Pass Electrofishing Removal Strategy Is Not Effective for Eradication of Prussian Carp in a North American Stream Network
Authors: Card Jamie T. , Hasler Caleb T. , Ruppert Jonathan L.W. , Donadt Caitlyn , Poesch Mark S.
Published: February 2021

Prussian Carp Carassius gibelio, also referred to as Gibel Carp, is a destructive aquatic invasive species, recently found in Alberta, Canada. Three-pass electrofishing is a potential approach to control some aquatic invasive fish species in stream habitats. The objectives of this study were to 1) determine the efficacy of this strategy to control Prussian Carp in connected streams and 2) assess whether population size or the distance to the introduction site would influence removal success. We sampled sites by using electrofishing in tributaries of the Red Deer River in both the summer and fall and detected Prussian Carp at all sites before removal, with >90% probability of detection of this species within the first 120 m of electroshocking efforts. Overall, we were not successful at removing Prussian Carp from the sample sites, and we found that abundances of Prussian Carp were significantly higher postremoval. Removal success related significantly to distance to the introduction site, suggesting that removal may be useful in targeted situations close to the edge of the invasion front.
A Review of Optimization Techniques for Supplier Selection and Order Allocation
Authors: Ferreira Bruno A. S. , Silva Rui G.
Published: February 2021

Supply chain is an integrated process in which a group of several organizations, such as suppliers, producers, distributors, and retailers, work together, and where activities such as procurement, production, distribution and demand planning must be addressed. The selection of suppliers is one of the most crucial activities in supply chain management and is conditioned to factors such as lead time, responsiveness, and capacity. This chapter presents an overview of the state of art techniques regarding optimization of supply chain management focussed on the selection of suppliers and order allocation as well as optimization objectives and includes some practical applications. Apart from presenting some of the most common problem categories and optimization techniques, a comparison is provided suggesting the growing importance of heuristic and metaheuristic-based artificial intelligence techniques, given the increased complexity of supply chains and its non-deterministic nature.
Remediation of Water and Wastewater Using Metal Organic Framework based Membranes
Authors: Yadav Anshul , Indurkar Pankaj Dnyandeo
Published: February 2021

Over the past few years, metal-organic frameworks have gained considerable attention. Metal-organic frameworks are widely regarded as promising materials for separation, catalysis, molecular recognition, and storage applications. The applications and potentials of engineered forms of metal-organic frameworks such as thin films and membranes supported on various substrates in the area of water purification are discussed in this chapter. Metal-organic frameworks applications in separation and purification techniques with metal-organic frameworks-based membrane matrix is underlined at their promising levels. Metal-organic frameworks polymer composite membranes, including polymer-supported metal-organic frameworks membranes, are identified and the recent development are discussed. This chapter will provide a comprehensive assessment of recent studies on the removal of various contaminants from water using metal-organic frameworks-based membranes.
Early Childhood Investment for Future Economic Growth and Industrial Development in Tanzania
Authors: Mligo Ignasia Renatus
Published: February 2021

Early childhood investment in young children 0-8 years is important. It offers a good start in life involving caring, nurturing, and safe environment to children who are the future hope of any society and nation. This chapter seeks to clarify the significance of investing quality early childhood education services for future industrial development and economic growth in Tanzania underpinned by economic growth perspectives. This chapter reports findings from an interpretive phenomenological design in three Teacher education and preschool settings in Tanzania with 10 tutors, 8 preschool teachers, and 8 parent participants. Data was generated using semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and documentary reviews. Findings indicated that parents and community from the areas studied lack knowledge of benefits of early investment in education. The study recommends the need for effective future practice directed at improving human development in early years in Tanzania. To achieve these aims, government policy planners need to locate favorable teaching and learning environments.
Impact of Industry-Academia Collaboration on Student Satisfaction in Vocational Education and Training
Authors: Sree Garimidi Siva , Ramlal P.
Published: February 2021

The contemporary unstable job market is challenging the “traditional” skilling practices adopted by vocational education training (VET) institutions, in favor of demand-driven skill transfer which is characterized by preparing students industry-ready. In this light, student satisfaction plays a pivotal role in assessing the course quality that aids in efficient skill transfer. Despite the relevance of the student satisfaction concept, empirical research has provided little evidence on its predictors in VET. The purpose of the study is to shed light on the quality indicators that predict student satisfaction. Data were collected on students from industrial training institutes (ITIs) of India.