bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluorodeoxyglucose, sodium fluoride, and prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography studies for treatment response assessment in prostate cancer
Authors: Sarikaya Ismet , Elgazzar Abdelhamid , Sarikaya Ali , Alfeeli Mahmoud
Published: June 2018

Various positron emission tomography (PET) studies are available for prostate cancer which show various successes at demonstrating primary, recurrent, or metastatic tumor and assessing response to treatment. In this case report, we will present and compare pre- and post-therapy fluorodeoxyglucose, sodium fluoride, and gallium-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen PET images of a patient with prostate cancer.
188Re-HEDP therapy in the therapy of painful bone metastases
Authors: Liepe Knut
Published: June 2018

For bone-targeted radionuclide therapy (BTRT), different commercial radiopharmaceuticals are available such as strontium-89, 186Rhenium-hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate (186Re-HEDP), Samarium-153-ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid, and radium-223. Unfortunately, the commercial available radiopharmaceuticals are very expensive (from 1,200 to 36,000€ per patient in Europe). The 188W/188Re generator is an ideal source for the long-term (4–6 months) continuous availability of 188Re suitable for the preparation of radiopharmaceuticals for different radionuclide therapies. Labeling at HEDP, it can use cost-effective for BTRT, if enough patients are available for therapy. And so, 188Re-HEDP is the ideal candidate in developing countries which high population to replace the other agents. Two German groups documented a response rate of 80% without any severe side effects and similar bone marrow toxicity compared to the other compounds for 188Re-HEDP. Using 188Re-HEDP in repeated treatments, a prolonged overall survival of repeated to single application was observed (from 4.5 months for single to 15.7 months using ≥≥3 applications).
Isoperimetric inequalities for finite perimeter sets under lower Ricci curvature bounds
Authors: Cavalletti Fabio , Mondino Andrea
Published: June 2018

We prove that the results regarding the Isoperimetric inequality and Cheeger constant formulated in terms of the
Minkowski content
, obtained by the authors in previous papers [15, 16] in the framework of essentially non-branching metric measure spaces verifying the local curvature dimension condition, also hold in the stronger formulation in terms of the
perimeter
.
New techniques for solving some class of singular elliptic equations
Authors: Chipot Michel , De Cave Linda Maria
Published: June 2018

We consider existence and uniqueness of solutions to elliptic problems set in open subsets of

\mathbb R^N

, bounded and unbounded. These problems are characterised by the presence of a linear higher order term and a nonlinear lower order term which may blow up where the solution is zero and which involves a distribution.
On the planar minimal BV extension problem
Authors: Pratelli Aldo , Radici Emanuela
Published: June 2018

Given a continuous, injective function

\varphi

defined on the boundary of a planar open set

\Omega

, we consider the problem of minimizing the total variation among all the BV homeomorphisms on

\Omega

coinciding with

\varphi

on the boundary. We find the explicit value of this infimum in the model case when

\Omega

is a rectangle. We also present two important consequences of this result: first, whatever the domain

\Omega

is, the infimum above remains the same also if one restricts himself to consider only

W^{1,1}

homeomorphisms. Second, any BV homeomorphism can be approximated in the strict BV sense with piecewise affine homeomorphisms and with diffeomorphisms.
$W^{2,2}$-solvability of the Dirichlet problem for a class of elliptic equations with discontinuous coefficients
Authors: Giannetti Flavia , Moscariello Gioconda
Published: June 2018

We study the Dirichlet problem for the second order elliptic equation

-\sum_{i,j=1}^Na_{ij}(x) \frac{\partial^2u}{\partial x_i\partial x_j}= f(x)

in a bounded regular domain

\Omega\subset\mathbb R^N, N > 2

. We assume that

f\in L^{2}

and that the coefficients

a_{ij}

are measurable and bounded functions with the first derivatives in the Marcinkiewicz class weak

-\,L^{N}

and having a sufficiently small distance to

L^{\infty}

. Under these assumptions we prove the solvability of the problem in

W^{2,2}\cap W_0^{1,2^*}

, where

2^*=\frac{2N}{N-2}

. An higher integrability result for the gradient of the solution is achieved when

f\in L^p, p > 2

.
The Incandescent
Authors: Serres Michel
Published: June 2018

The first translation of the volumes in Michel Serres’ classic 'Humanism' tetralogy, this ambitious philosophical narrative explores what it means to be human. With his characteristic breadth of references including art, poetry, science, philosophy and literature, Serres paints a new picture of what it might mean to live meaningfully in contemporary society. He tells the story of humankind (from the beginning of time to the present moment) in an attempt to affirm his overriding thesis that humans and nature have always been part of the same ongoing and unfolding history.

This crucial piece of posthumanist philosophical writing has never before been released in English. A masterful translation by Randolph Burks ensures the poetry and wisdom of Serres writing is preserved and his notion of what humanity is and might be is opened up to new audiences.
Measurements of hydroperoxy radicals (HO2) at atmospheric concentrations using bromide chemical ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Albrecht Sascha R. , Novelli Anna , Hofzumahaus Andreas , Kang Sungah , Baker Yare , Mentel Thomas , Wahner Andreas , Fuchs Hendrik
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Hydroxyl and hydroperoxy radicals are key species for the understanding of atmospheric oxidation processes. Their measurement is challenging due to their high reactivity, therefore very sensitive detection methods are needed. Within this study, the measurement of hydroperoxy radicals (HO2) using chemical ionization combined with an high resolution time of flight mass spectrometer (Aerodyne Research Inc.) employing bromide as primary ion is presented. The 1σ limit of detection of 4.5 × 107 molecules cm−3 for a 60 s measurement is below typical HO2 concentrations found in the atmosphere. The detection sensitivity of the instrument is affected by the presence of water vapor. Therefore, a water vapor dependent calibration factor that decreases approximately by a factor of 2 if the water vapor mixing ratio increases from 0.1 to 1.0 % needs to be applied. An instrumental background most likely generated by the ion source that is equivalent to a HO2 concentration of 1.5 ± 0.2 × 108 molecules cm−3 is subtracted to derive atmospheric HO2 concentrations. This background can be determined by overflowing the inlet with zero air. Several experiments were performed in the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR at the Forschungszentrum Jülich to test the instrument performance by comparison to the well-established laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique for measurements of HO2. A high linear correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.87 is achieved. The slope of the linear regression of 1.07 demonstrates the good absolute agreement of both measurements. Chemical conditions during 15 experiments allowed testing the instrument’s behavior in the presence of atmospheric concentrations of H2O, NOx and O3. No significant interferences from these species were observed. All these facts are demonstrating a reliable measurement of HO2 by the chemical ionization mass spectrometer presented.
Seasonal characteristics of small- and medium-scale gravity waves in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere over the Brazilian equatorial region
Authors: Essien Patrick , Paulino Igo , Wrasse Cristiano Max , Campos Jose Andre V. , Paulino Ana Roberta , Medeiros Amauri F. , Buriti Ricardo Arlen , Takahashi Hisao , Agyei-Yeboah Ebenezer , Lins Aline N.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The present work reports seasonal characteristics of small- and medium-scale
gravity waves in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region. All-sky
images of the hydroxyl (NIR-OH) airglow emission layer over São João do
Cariri (7.4∘ S, 36.5∘ W; hereafter Cariri) were obtained
from September 2000 to December 2010, during a total of 1496 nights. For
investigation of the characteristics of small-scale gravity waves (SSGWs) and
medium-scale gravity waves (MSGWs), we employed the Fourier two-dimensional
(2-D) spectrum and keogram fast Fourier transform (FFT) techniques,
respectively. From the 11 years of data, we could observe 2343 SSGW and 537
MSGW events. The horizontal wavelengths of the SSGWs were concentrated
between 10 and 35 km, while those of the MSGWs ranged from 50 to 200 km. The
observed periods for SSGWs were concentrated around 5 to 20 min, whereas the
MSGWs ranged from 20 to 60 min. The observed horizontal phase speeds of SSGWs
were distributed around 10 to 60 m s−1, and the corresponding
MSGWs were around 20 to 120 m s−1. In summer, autumn, and winter
both SSGWs and MSGWs propagated preferentially northeastward and
southeastward, while in spring the waves propagated in all directions. The
critical level theory of atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) was applied to
study the effects of wind filtering on SSGW and MSGW propagation
directions. The SSGWs were more susceptible to wind filtering effects than
MSGWs. The average of daily mean outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) was also
used to investigate the possible wave source region in the troposphere. The
results showed that in summer and autumn, deep convective regions were the
possible source mechanism of the AGWs. However, in spring and winter the deep
convective regions did not play an important role in the waves observed at
Cariri, because they were too far away from the observatory. Therefore, we
concluded that the horizontal propagation directions of SSGWs and MSGWs show
clear seasonal variations based on the influence of the wind filtering
process and wave source location. Keywords. Atmospheric composition and structure (airglow and aurora) – electromagnetics (wave propagation) – history of geophysics (atmospheric sciences)
New high-frequency (7–12 kHz) quasi-periodic VLF emissions observed on the ground at L  ∼  5.5
Authors: Manninen Jyrki , Kleimenova Natalia , Turunen Tauno , Gromova Liudmila
Published: June 2018

Abstract. We reveal previously unknown quasi-periodic (QP) very low frequency (VLF) emissions at the unusually
high-frequency band of ∼ 7–12 kHz by applying the digital filtering
of strong atmospherics to the ground-based VLF data recorded at Kannuslehto
station (KAN). It is located in northern Finland at L ∼ 5.5. The
frequencies of QP emissions are much higher than the equatorial electron
gyrofrequency at L ∼ 5.5. Thus, these emissions must have been
generated at much lower L shells than KAN. Two high-frequency QP emission
events have been studied in detail. The emissions were right-hand polarized
waves indicating an overhead location of the exit area of waves in the
ionosphere. In one event, the spectral–temporal forms of the emissions
looked like a series of giant “bullets” due to the very abrupt cessation.
Unfortunately, we could not explain such a strange dynamic spectral shape of
the waves. In the second event, the modulation period was about 3 min under
the absence of simultaneous geomagnetic pulsations. The studied emissions
lasted about 4 h and were observed under the very quiet geomagnetic
activity. The adequate mechanisms of the generation and propagation of the
revealed high-frequency QP emissions have not yet been established. We
speculate that studied QP emissions can be attributed to the
auto-oscillations of the cyclotron instability in the magnetospheric plasma
maser.
Case Markers in Bodo and Sanzari Bodo: A Comparative Investigation
Authors: Mahela Ratul , Sinha Sweta
Published: June 2018

This paper is an attempt to investigate and compare the case markers of Bodo and Sanzari Bodo - a variety of Bodo. A Tibeto-Burman language, Bodo is primarily spoken in the north eastern state of Assam, India. Because of immense ethno linguistic diversity the region of Bodoland has attracted numerous linguistic studies from across the globe but due to geographical isolation there are pockets which are left with undocumented language varieties. The present research is based on the data obtained from 20 Sanzari Bodo speakers of Nagaon district of Assam. Though the standard Bodo and Sanzari Bodo share the same number of case markers they have some evident differences between them. Case is a grammatical category which expresses the semantic relation between a noun phrase and its predicate. There are at least ten case markers in both Bodo as well as Sanzari Bodo. Close investigation of data establishes that despite sharing similarities, the two varieties have their uniqueness too, for example, the accusative case marker of Bodo {-kʰɯu} is monophthongised to {-kʰɯ}, the final /ŋ/ sound of instrumental, comitative and allative cases are removed in Sanzari Bodo and the illative case too has different manifestations in the two varieties.
Farm Workers’ Knowledge, Habits and Health Issues Associated with Pesticide Use
Authors: Esechie Jovita O.
Published: June 2018

Although pesticides are used to mitigate crop losses by pests, farm workers’ poor knowledge and bad habits during application may cause serious health consequences. This study investigates the knowledge and habits of farm workers in the Sultanate of Oman and how these are related to the self-reported acute symptoms caused by pesticide exposure. A total of 153 pesticide workers in Al Batinah Region of Oman were interviewed face to face about their pesticide knowledge, habits and self-reported acute symptoms. About 57% of the farm workers either had no formal education or had only some primary school education, and 80% had no knowledge of warning labels and the names of banned pesticides. There was a significant difference (p <0.001) in self-reported symptoms among those 20 years or less and those 50 years or older. Among those that did not attend school, 85% reported pesticide related symptoms compared to 55% among those who completed secondary education. Self-medication was the commonly used treatment option (42%), followed by local pharmacy (35%), private clinic (14%) and government hospital (9%). Reduction in pesticide related health symptoms could be achieved by mandatory training of farm workers on the use of personal protection equipment, as well as the enforcement of legislation to restrict the availability of the most hazardous pesticides, and the promotion of non-chemical methods of pest control.
The Holy Spirit and the Son’s Glorification
Authors: Sánchez M. Leopoldo A.
Published: June 2018

In John 7:37–39, Jesus promises “rivers of living water” to those who believe in him. John explains that such reference is to “the Spirit,” which “had not been given, because Jesus was not yet glorified” (RSV). The text has puzzled interpreters through the centuries. First, who does the “rivers of living water” (v. 38) flow from—Jesus or the believer? Second, was not the Spirit around before the Son’s glorification, which for John begins with his being lifted up on the cross? If so, then in what sense is the Spirit yet to be given (v. 39)? We will argue that a Spirit Christology, which speaks of Jesus as the receiver, bearer, and giver of God’s Spirit, is a most promising theological framework to make sense of Jesus’ words in John 7, unlock the pneumatic dynamic and trajectory of the Gospel as a whole, and more broadly, to ask important theological questions of the text in dialogue with interpreters past and present.
Thomas Aquinas on the Parable of the Late-Come Workers (Matthew 20:1–16)
Authors: Caponi Francis J.
Published: June 2018

Historical-critical exegesis of the parable of the Laborers in the Vineyard (Matt 20:1–16) has yielded multiple, often mutually exclusive interpretations. This variety and conflict generally can be traced to more-or-less evident “optics” that inform the exegete’s hermeneutical perspective, for example, existentialist, psychological, socioeconomic, and theological. Among the last, sola fide has been especially prominent in guiding readings of the parable in terms of grace and merit. But does this optic do justice to the parable, and is it theologically coherent? In this article, I pursue these questions by considering Thomas Aquinas’s discussion of the parable, in conjunction with his reflections on merit and grace. Materially, I hope to show the utility of Thomas’s thought for illuminating the relationship between God’s grace and human merit in salvation history. As he interprets it, the Late-come Workers is not about the conflict between unearned grace and merited reward. Instead, it is evidence of how justice and mercy, present in all of God’s acts, are visible in the work of salvation. Formally, I want to draw out some of the abiding value of Thomas’s method of exegesis, which commends itself, in part, because it combines speculative skill with a thorough knowledge of Scripture, allowing St. Thomas to address the richness of the text more fully and coherently than a number of contemporary accounts. Yet, Thomas’s method need not be viewed as locked into a zero-sum game with these approaches; rather, his exegesis is expansive enough to integrate a great deal of historical-critical findings.
Miosite ossificante em músculo temporal: relato de caso
Authors: Neto Paulo Ribeiro de Queiroz , Neto Bartolomeu Conceição Bastos , Queiroz Christiano Sampaio
Published: June 2018

A miosite ossificante é uma desordem não neoplásica,caracterizada por formação óssea ectópica dentro domúsculo ou de sua fáscia. Pode ser definida como umprocesso progressivo ou de origem traumática. Quandoacomete os músculos da mastigação, leva a uma diminuiçãoprogressiva da abertura bucal. Radiograficamente,essas lesões são bem circunscritas. Objetivo: apresentarum relato de caso clínico de miosite ossificanteem músculo temporal. Relato de caso: um pacientedo gênero masculino, 15 anos, vítima de acidentemotociclístico, compareceu ao Hospital de Urgênciase Emergências do Subúrbio, Salvador, BA, cursandocom fratura de complexo zigomático direito e processocoronoide mandibular direito. Então, foi submetido àosteossíntese do complexo zigomático e encaminhadopara acompanhamento ambulatorial. No segundo mêspós-operatório, evoluiu com uma limitação de aberturabucal, quando foi observada, em exame de imagem,uma formação óssea ectópica em região de incisura sigmoidedireita. Optou-se por nova intervenção cirúrgicacom exérese da neoformação óssea, utilizando o acessointraoral de Obwergeiser e exposição do processocoronoide, região medial e lateral do ramo mandibulardireito. Realizou-se osteotomia do coronoide com remoçãoda massa óssea ectópica. Considerações finais:o tratamento da miosite ossificante envolvendo os músculosda mastigação ainda é controverso e exige umalarga experiência do cirurgião.
Palavras-chave: Odontologia. Trauma. Traumatismosfaciais.
UTILIZAÇÃO DE FERRAMENTAS SIG COMO SUBSÍDIO AO ORDENAMENTO TERRITORIAL – ESTUDO DE CASO DO RIBEIRÃO DO FEIJÃO, SÃO CARLOS – SP
Authors: Da Silva Hélio José
Published: June 2018

O presente estudo visa abordar as condições ambientais em que se encontra um trecho do Ribeirão do Feijão, no município de São Carlos, São Paulo utilizando ferramentas de Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG). Em termos metodológicos, empregaram-se técnicas de geoprocessamento como meio de se fazer uma análise simplificada de uma área de grande relevância para a região em termos de recursos hídricos uma vez que as alterações das condições ambientais dessa região podem levar a graves consequências negativas de ordem ambiental, social e econômica. Os resultados e as considerações finais terão por base os levantamentos descritivos das condições atuais de um trecho do ribeirão do Feijão através da utilização de imagens de satélite uma vez que o geoprocessamento representa uma importante ferramenta de análise de uso e ocupação do solo sendo, portanto, indispensável para o planejamento territorial de uma bacia hidrográfica.Palavras-chave: Planejamento Urbano, Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Sistema de Informações Geográficas.
Sperm quality and seminal plasma proteins in three sheep breeds under high altitude and tropical conditions
Authors: Carvajal-Serna Melissa , Cardozo Jaime A. , Grajales-Lombana Henry , Cebrián-Pérez José A. , Muiño-Blanco Teresa
Published: June 2018

We tested the hypothesis that sheep breed can influence the sperm quality and seminal plasma (SP) composition and investigated any potential relationship between SP proteins and antioxidant enzyme activities (AO) with sperm quality. Ejaculates from twelve rams of three breeds were obtained during the rainy season at high altitudes, and sperm quality was automatically evaluated (CASA-Hamilton Thorne). The AO of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxide and glutathione reductase (GR) in SP was evaluated and total proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE. Comparative analyses of semen quality parameters between breeds revealed that Creole and Hampshire breeds had a higher sperm quality compared with Romney Marsh (p<0.05), although no difference in AO was found. GR activity was negatively correlated (p<0.05) with several kinematic variables and positively (p<0.05) with morphological abnormalities. The highest SP protein concentration was found in semen collected from Hampshire males compared with that from Creole and Romney Marsh (p<0.05). SDS-PAGE analysis showed the presence of 32 protein bands in SP with molecular weights between 334 and 10 kDa. Differences (p<0.05) between breeds in bands of 43, 25, 22 and 20 kDa were observed. These results evidence a relationship between the protective effect of the antioxidant enzyme system in SP of three ram types under high altitude and tropical conditions and semen quality. Our findings also suggest that the identified proteins might play an important role in sperm physiology and quality.
Pathogenic and biological characterization of Phytophthora capsici isolates from zucchini and pepper in Southeast Spain
Authors: De-Cara-García Miguel , Fernández-Plaza Marta , Gómez-Vázquez Julio
Published: June 2018

In this work, isolates from pepper and zucchini were tested for pathogenicity on crops commonly cultivated in Mediterranean greenhouses. Also, morphological and growing features and mating types have been studied to find any differences linked with the plant origin and pathogenicity of each isolate. Three isolates were highly pathogenic on all cucurbitaceous and solanaceous hosts tested and caused root rot and wilting. Eggplant and pepper were moderately susceptible, while zucchini, tomato and cucumber were highly susceptible. No root rot symptoms occurred on the fabaceous plants inoculated with Phytophthora capsici, including bean and pea. Moreover, the pathogen was never reisolated from the roots of fabaceous plants. Other isolate of P. capsici was less pathogenic on cucurbitaceous and solanaceous crops, causing only slight root damages. None of the isolates tested produced chlamydospores, and all belonged to A1 mating type. These findings suggest that beans or peas may be a feasible alternative crop for those Mediterranean greenhouses with a history of root rot due to P. capsici.
In situ time-resolved Raman spectroelectrochemical study of aniline polymerization at platinum and gold electrodes
Authors: Mažeikienė Regina , Niaura Gediminas , Malinauskas Albertas
Published: June 2018

A comparative in situ time-resolved Raman spectroelectrochemical study on aniline polymerization at platinum, smooth gold, and roughened gold electrodes was performed with 785 nm laser excitation. Under the constant anodic current density electrolysis performed at the platinum electrode, the intensity of Raman bands grows continuously reaching a steady state within 8–10 min. At the smooth gold electrode, the maximum intensity is observed in a few or few tens of seconds, and appears to be ca. 1.5 orders of magnitude higher than for the platinum one. At the roughened gold electrode, again, a fast growth of intensity is observed, being ca. 3 orders higher than for the platinum one. After a prolonged electrolysis of ca. 150–200 mC/cm2, the intensities for all three electrodes appear to be of a similar intensity. The results obtained show a strong surface enhancement of Raman spectra at the gold electrode, a very strong at the roughened gold one, and no enhancement at the platinum electrode at the beginning of electrooxidation, turning into a regular Raman scattering at a prolonged electrolysis, sufficient for the formation of a stable layer of polyaniline at the electrode surface.
Influence of polyurethane adhesives on tensile and compressive properties of ground rubber composites
Authors: Strakšys Antanas , Valsiūnas Ignas , Stalnionis Giedrius , Eicher-Lorka Olegas , Kuodis Zenonas , Bražinskienė Dalia , Jukna Artūras , Asadauskas Svajus
Published: June 2018

Rubber from End-of-Life Tires (ELT) is often used as secondary raw material for composites. Polyurethane adhesives are widely employed in such formulations, since they bind to rubber particles effectively. In this study Ground Tire Rubber of passenger car ELT and truck tire tread buffings were used as feedstock. Toluene diisocyanate was used as a hardener for polyether-based prepolymer resin. Hardener amounts, curing durations and temperatures were varied to produce composite sheets. Scanning electron microscopy showed differences in the type of voids within the sheet and suggested that the amount of adhesive, surface wetting and curing regime could affect the composite structure significantly. Tensile and compressive properties of the composites were more dependent on the adhesive amount than curing temperature variation below 60°C. Better understanding how to control physical and mechanical properties of such composites will significantly contribute to value-added utilization of ELT as well as environmental and societal benefits.
Le potentiel des albums jeunesse pour soutenir la compréhension du monde de la pensée chez l’enfant d’âge préscolaire
Authors: Mélançon Julie
Published: June 2018

L’enfant d’âge préscolaire développe progressivement une théorie de l’esprit, soit une compréhension du monde de la pensée, qui lui permet d’attribuer des états mentaux (vouloir, ignorer, penser, croire) à lui-même et à autrui, de comprendre des situations de fausses croyances (tromperie, malentendu), etc. (Doherty, 2009). Considérée comme un préalable à la métacognition et un facteur d’adaptation socioscolaire (Larzul, 2010), cette compétence est importante pour le cheminement scolaire de l’enfant. L’exposition à la littérature jeunesse, médiatisée par un adulte, contribuerait au développement d’une théorie de l’esprit chez l’enfant (Mar, Tackett et Moore, 2010; Symons, Peterson, Slaughter, Roche et Doyle, 2005). Une recherche menée auprès de familles américaines a montré que 78% des livres lus à des enfants d’âge préscolaire référaient à des états internes et plus du tiers mettait en scène une fausse croyance (Cassidy et al., 1998). L’étude exploratoire qui sera rapportée ici avait pour but de recenser les albums de littérature jeunesse présents dans cinq classes de maternelle cinq ans. Un échantillon de ces livres a été analysé pour en évaluer le contenu en termes de mots, d’états mentaux et de situations de fausse croyance. Les résultats observés confirment ceux de Cassidy et al. (1998) et mettent en évidence le potentiel des ouvrages de littérature pour le développement d’une théorie de l’esprit chez l’enfant.
Les sûretés et les biens immatériels en droit français : quelles sont les perspectives ?
Authors: Albiges Christophe
Published: June 2018

Toute étude ou toute analyse des sûretés portant sur les divers biens immatériels — créances, brevets, marques, logiciels, par exemple — peut se révéler pour le moins délicate. La matière demeure caractérisée par une diversité de régimes applicables, qu’ils concernent les modalités de constitution ou de réalisation des sûretés susceptibles d’être mises en oeuvre. Différentes perspectives sont dès lors envisageables, qu’il s’agisse du regroupement en une seule et unique sûreté, d’une harmonisation de ces régimes ou encore de l’élaboration d’un régime primaire, complété par des règles spéciales.
La pensée constitutionnelle et fédérale de Jean-Charles Bonenfant : la franchise au service du Québec
Authors: Leclair Jean
Published: June 2018

L’auteur vise à sortir de l’oubli la pensée constitutionnelle et fédérale de Jean-Charles Bonenfant, grande figure du droit public québécois durant la seconde moitié du xxe siècle. Sa pensée était caractérisée par un pragmatisme ou réalisme politique le portant à rejeter les approches trop tranchées qui négligent la complexité du réel, à préférer le fédéralisme renouvelé à des avenues plus radicales, à dénoncer le « juridisme » qui accorde trop de pouvoir aux juges, à insister sur la légitimité des institutions — et non simplement sur leur légalité — et, enfin, à fonder ses espoirs de renouveau de l’ordre constitutionnel fédéral canadien sur la réforme des institutions politiques représentatives. L’auteur termine son analyse par un examen de l’article de Bonenfant paru en 1963 et intitulé « L’esprit de 1867 », très certainement l’un de ses textes les plus importants.
Distribution, habitat associations, and conservation status updates for the pilose crayfish Pacifastacus gambelii and Snake River pilose crayfish Pacifastacus connectens of the western United States
Authors: Egly Rachel M , Larson Eric R
Published: June 2018

Our study evaluates the distribution, habitat associations, and current conservation status of the pilose crayfishes Pacifastacus connectens and Pacifastacus gambelii, two little-studied and data-deficient species endemic to the western United States. We first developed a species distribution model (SDM) for the pilose crayfishes based on their historical occurrence records using boosted regression trees and freshwater GIS data layers. We then sampled 163 sites in the summers of 2016 and 2017 within the distribution of these crayfishes, including 50 where these species were observed historically. We next compared our field results to modeled predictions of suitable habitat from the SDM. Our SDM predicted 73 sites (45%) we sampled as suitable for the pilose crayfishes, with a moderate AUC value of 0.824. The pilose crayfishes were generally predicted to occur in larger streams and rivers with less extreme upstream temperature and precipitation seasonality. We found the pilose crayfishes at only 20 (12%) of the 163 total sites we sampled, 14 (20%) of the 73 sites predicted as suitable for them by our SDM, and 12 (24%) of 50 historical sites that we sampled. We found the invasive virile crayfish Faxonius virilis at 22 sites total and 12 (24%) historical sites for the pilose crayfishes, and the “native invader” signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus at 29 sites total and 6 (12%) historical locations. We subsequently used a single classification tree to identify factors associated with our high rate of false positives for contemporary pilose crayfish distributions relative to our SDM. This classification tree identified the presence of invasive crayfishes, impairment of the benthic community, and sampling method as some of the factors differentiating false positives relative to true positives for the pilose crayfishes. Our study identified the historical distribution and habitat associations for P. connectens and P. gambelii using an SDM and contrasted this prediction to results of contemporary field sampling. We found that the pilose crayfishes have seemingly experienced substantial range declines, attributable to apparent displacement by invasive crayfishes and impairment or change to stream communities and habitat. We recommend increased conservation and management attention to P. connectens and P. gambelii in response to these findings.
Why are you amused: Unveiling multimodal humor from the prototype theoretical perspective
Authors: Chen Qiaoyun , Jiang Guiying
Published: June 2018

This paper looks at multimodal humour through the lens of prototype theory in the framework of conventional incongruity theory of humour, aiming for a unified linguistic and semiotic approach to humour. From this perspective, humour can be achieved through the following three aspects of linguistic and non-linguistic categories: 1) prototypicality versus non-prototypicality of category members; 2) the family resemblance shared by category members; 3) vague inter-categorical boundary. The cognitive mechanisms behind this type of multimodal humour and its comprehension are discussed. The intermodal relationships involved are examined and categorised into two major types: complementary and non-complementary ones.
“I get it, but it’s just not funny”: Why humour fails, after all is said and done
Authors: Hale Adrian
Published: June 2018

Failed humour can be explained by communicative gaps, at either the semantic or pragmatic levels, but sometimes, after all is ‘said and done’, people resist humour for purely discursive reasons. Some may recognise the divisive nature of a humorous text, and experience conflicting feelings. Others may welcome humour purely because of its appeal to ideology, while the text itself may not be considered as being very funny. Then there are people who ‘go along with the joke’ purely to avoid losing face. Political humour is a site of great power, where the stakes are high. For example, Donald Trump rejected Baldwin’s SNL parody, finding his ‘alter ego’ “unwatchable” and “not funny”. Other politicians, and members of the public, however, choose to respond to political humour in diverse ways. The reception of humour, therefore, is more complex than it appears. We might resist humour because of a deficiency in linguistic competence, but we might also resist humour because of literacy competence. This paper will theorise that there exists a ‘default setting’ in a person’s discourse, such that when encountering an instance of humour, we all employ a discursive defence mechanism (DDM), and that there are ‘triggers’ which provoke this DDM.
The development of the Humor Structure Appreciation Scale and its relation to Sensation Seeking Inventory and Need for Closure Scale
Authors: Sulejmanov Filip , Spasovski Ognen , Platt Tracey
Published: June 2018

Three related studies are presented with the aim of investigating the individual differences in humour appreciation, sensation seeking and need for closure. In order to accomplish this, the construction and initial validation of a new instrument will be presented. The Humour Structure Appreciation Scale (HSAS) distinguishes between incongruity-resolution (INC-RES), and nonsense (NON) humour. The first study analyses the content validity of a broad item pool. The second study focused on the metric properties of the selected items. In the third study, the remaining jokes were given to a quota sample from Macedonia, along with measures of sensation seeking (Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking) and need for closure (Need for Closure Scale). Psychometric properties of the scales were investigated and showed to be satisfactory. Intercorrelations among the scales provide evidence for the construct validity of the HSAS.
A Protective Effect of Sivelestat From Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in a Porcine Hepatectomy Model
Authors: Shimoda Mitsugi , Iwasaki Yoshimi , Suzuki Shuji
Published: June 2018

Summary of background data:

Sivelestat sodium hydrate (Sive), a neutrophil elastase inhibitor, has been approved as a worldwide therapeutic drug for acute lung injury associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Yet how Sive influences hepatic ischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury and liver regeneration has not been clarified.

Objective:

We investigated the effect of Sive against hepatic I/R injury and liver regeneration using porcine hepatectomy model, and found that Sive contributes significantly in increasing the liver volume.

Methods:

We induced 1-hour ischemia by occluding the vessels and the bile duct of the right and median lobes. About 40% left hepatectomy was performed after reperfusion. A total of 6 animals received Sive (10 mg/kg/h) intravenously and 6 control animals received physiologic saline (10 mg/kg/h) from commencement of laparotomy. Remnant liver volume, hemodynamics, and liver function test were compared between the groups. Expressions of TRL4 mRNA in hepatic tissues were examined using RT-PCR. Apoptosis and cell proliferation were demonstrated by TUNEL staining.

Results:

AST, LDH, and LA levels at 5 minutes after reperfusion were significantly lower in Sive group than in the control group. Sive significantly increased the liver volume, yet did not have any effect for liver regeneration.

Conclusion:

Sive is considered to reduce hepatic injury in the early phase of I/R injury.
Development of a window opening algorithm based on adaptive thermal comfort to predict occupant behavior in Japanese dwellings
Authors: Rijal Hom B. , Humphreys Michael A. , Nicol J. Fergus
Published: June 2018

Window opening behavior and thermal comfort were monitored in relation to the thermal environment over a 4 year period in the living rooms and the bedrooms of dwellings in the Kanto region of Japan. 36 144 sets of physical and subjective data were collected from 243 residents of 120 dwellings. This paper explores relationships between the different variables in the data. The likelihood of windows being open depended on the three modes of operation of the dwelling, free running (FR), heating (HT) or cooling (CL). In the FR mode, the likelihood was much higher than in either the CL or the HT modes. The likelihood that a window is open correlated well with both indoor temperature and outdoor air temperature in the FR Mode. The indoor comfort temperature correlated well with the running mean of the outdoor temperature. Window opening behavior as predicted by logistic regression analysis is in agreement with the measured data. The deadband of window opening was narrower, and the constraint on window opening was smaller than had previously been found in studies in office buildings. Equations are given to quantify these relations and to enable window opening and comfort temperature to be predicted from outdoor temperature.
Rationally Induced Interfacial Dipole in Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells for Reduced J–V Hysteresis
Authors: Liu Zonghao , Chen Qi , Lee Jin‐Wook , Zhao Zhixin , Xu Xiaobao , Hsieh Yao‐Tsung , Meng Lei , Sun Pengyu , Marco Nicholas De , Zhou Huanping , Cheng Yi‐Bing , Yang Yang
Published: June 2018

With the rapid progress in developing hybrid perovskite solar cells, the allure of current density–voltage (  J–V) hysteresis has attracted quite a lot of interest in the research community. It requires feasible approaches that further deepen the fundamental understanding of device physics in specific device architecture in order to solve this problem eventually. Here, perovskite solar cells configured with different counter electrodes are systematically investigated with the focus on charge accumulation within the devices responsible for J–V hysteresis. The results indicate that J–V hysteresis is affected by charge accumulation which can be modulated by carrier extraction efficiency of the electrodes. Through a rationally induced interfacial dipole, the devices have shown improvement in carrier extraction, which thus reduces J–V hysteresis significantly. It provides solid evidence for the proposition that interface charge plays an important role in J–V hysteresis, and demonstrates an applicable strategy that effectively alleviates J–V hysteresis in perovskite solar cells.
An overview and impact assessment of OSHA large dairy local emphasis programs in New York and Wisconsin
Authors: Liebman Amy , Franko Eileen , Reyes Iris , Keifer Matthew , Sorensen Julie
Published: June 2018

Background

Farming has been exempted from most labor regulations and shielded from regulatory scrutiny by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Yet, agriculture and dairy in particular, has relatively high injury and fatality rates.

Methods

A recent shift in OSHA's approach to agricultural worker safety and health includes two dairy‐focused Local Emphasis Programs (LEPs), one launched in Wisconsin in 2011 and the other in New York in 2014. We examine data from LEP‐related, OSHA consultations and inspections as well as non‐governmental audit programs, and review farmer perceptions about the LEP.

Results

Inspections conducted by OSHA and private consultation programs highlight the presence and variety of hazards on dairy farms in Wisconsin and New York.

Conclusion

The LEPs helped raise dairy producers’ awareness of inherent hazards and methods to correct them. Farmers cited the LEP as beneficial, identifying it as a catalyst to reduce hazards on their farms.
Mechanical, thermal, and burning properties of viscose fabric composites: Influence of epoxy resin modification
Authors: Rajan Rathish , Rainosalo Egidija , Ramamoorthy Sunil Kumar , Thomas Selvin P. , Zavašnik Janez , Vuorinen Jyrki , Skrifvars Mikael
Published: June 2018

The influence of epoxy resin modification by 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) on various properties of warp knitted viscose fabric is reported in this study. Dynamic mechanical, impact resistance, flexural, thermal properties, and burning behavior of the epoxy/viscose fabric composites are studied with respect to varying content of silane coupling agent. The results obtained for APTES‐modified epoxy resin based composites reinforced with unmodified viscose fabric composites are compared to unmodified epoxy resin based composites reinforced with APTES‐modified viscose fabric. The dynamic mechanical behavior of the APTES‐modified resin based composites indicates improved interfacial adhesion. The composites prepared from modified epoxy resin exhibited a twofold increase in impact resistance. The improved adhesion between the fiber and modified resin was also visible from the scanning electron microscope analysis of the impact fracture surface. There was less influence of resin modification on the flexural properties of the composites. The 5% APTES modification induced early degradation of composites compared to all other composites. The burning rate of all the composites under study is rated to be satisfactory for use in automotive interior applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46673.
Nervous System Disease in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Current Status and Future Directions
Authors: Hanly John G. , Kozora Elizabeth , Beyea Steven D. , Birnbaum Julius
Published: June 2018

The American College of Rheumatology's case definitions for 19 neuropsychiatric syndromes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) constitute a comprehensive classification of nervous system events in this disease. However, additional strategies are needed to determine whether a neuropsychiatric syndrome is attributable to SLE versus a competing comorbidity. Cognitive function is a clinical surrogate of overall brain health, with applications in both diagnosis and determination of clinical outcomes. Ischemic and inflammatory mechanisms are both key components of the immunopathogenesis of neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE), including abnormalities of the blood–brain barrier and autoantibody‐mediated production of proinflammatory cytokines. Advances in neuroimaging provide a platform to assess novel disease mechanisms in a noninvasive way. The convergence of more rigorous clinical characterization, validation of biomarkers, and brain neuroimaging provides opportunities to determine the efficacy of novel targeted therapies in the treatment of NPSLE.
Directly Bridging Indoles to 3,3′‐Bisindolylmethanes by Using Carboxylic Acids and Hydrosilanes under Mild Conditions
Authors: Qiao Chang , Liu Xiao‐Fang , Fu Hong‐Chen , Yang Hao‐Peng , Zhang Zhi‐Bo , He Liang‐Nian
Published: June 2018

A straightforward Lewis acid‐promoted protocol for 3,3′‐bisindolylmethanes (BIMs) synthesis by reductive alkylation of indoles at the C3 position with carboxylic acids in the presence of hydrosilane was developed for the first time. Instead of aldehydes, more readily available, stable, and easy‐to‐handle carboxylic acids have been employed as alternative alkylating agents. As an efficient organocatalyst, B(C6F5)3 enables the reductive alkylation of various substituted indole derivatives with carboxylic acids with up to 98 % yield at room temperature and under neat conditions. This metal‐free strategy offers an alternative approach for the direct functionalization of indoles to BIMs with carboxylic acids and such protocol allows selective reduction of carboxylic acid to aldehyde in combination with C−C bond formation.
Atomic and Molecular Layer Deposition for Superior Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Strategies, Performance, and Mechanisms
Authors: Sun Qian , Lau Kah C. , Geng Dongsheng , Meng Xiangbo
Published: June 2018

The front cover artwork is provided by Meng's Nano & Energy Group at University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA. The image shows that atomic layer deposition (ALD) and molecular layer deposition (MLD) are two new research techniques enabling to address existing issues in Li‐S batteries for high‐energy storage used for future transportation and smart grids.

Read the full text of the Review at 10.1002/batt.201800024.
Diversity of neurodegenerative pathophysiology in nondemented patients with major depressive disorder: Evidence of cerebral amyloidosis and hippocampal atrophy
Authors: Wu Kuan‐Yi , Lin Kun‐Ju , Chen Chia‐Hsiang , Chen Cheng‐Sheng , Liu Chia‐Yih , Huang Sheng‐Yao , Yen Tzu‐Chen , Hsiao Ing‐Tsung
Published: June 2018

Background

Patients with late‐life depression may be at the preclinical stage of dementia. However, the neurodegenerative processes in late‐life depression are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the distribution patterns of amyloid pathology and neurodegeneration in a depressive population without dementia.

Methods

The study recruited 63 middle‐aged and elderly patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 22 control subjects. The MDD patients were further subdivided into those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n = 24) and non‐MCI (n = 39) patients. We used the global standardized uptake value ratio of 18F‐florbetapir (AV‐45/Amyvid) positron emission tomography imaging as a biomarker of cerebral amyloidosis and the hippocampal volume as a biomarker for neurodegeneration. Cutoff points of brain amyloid positivity and hippocampal atrophy were determined using independent data obtained from clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients in a previous study.

Results

Most of the control subjects (81.8%) were biomarker‐negative, in contrast to the MCI MDD patients (37.5%). A relatively high proportion of the MCI MDD patients (12.5%) exhibited both amyloid positivity and hippocampal atrophy as compared to the control subjects (4.5%) and non‐MCI patients (5.1%). However, a considerable proportion of the MCI MDD patients (29.2%) were categorized into the group with hippocampal atrophy alone, and negative amyloid deposition, as compared to the control subjects (0%) and non‐MCI patients (5.1%).

Conclusions

This study highlights the expected heterogeneity of the processes of neurodegeneration in MDD patients. The diverse neurodegenerative processes may have important etiologic and therapeutic implications regarding neurodegenerative pathophysiology in late‐life depression.