bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Factors Influencing the Lake Area on the Tibetan Plateau Using an Eigenvector Spatial Filtering Based Spatially Varying Coefficient Model
Authors: Xiong Zhexin , Chen Yumin , Tan Huangyuan , Cheng Qishan , Zhou Annan
Published: December 2021

Lakes on the Tibet Plateau (TP) have a significant impact on the water cycle and water balance, and it is important to monitor changes in lake area and identify the influencing factors. Existing research has failed to quantitatively identify the changes and influencing factors of lakes in different regions of the TP. Thus, an eigenvector spatial filtering based spatially varying coefficient (ESF-SVC) model was used to analyze the relationship between lake area and climatic and terrain factors in the inner watershed of the TP from 2000 to 2015. A comparison with ordinary regression and spatial models showed that the ESF-SVC model eliminates spatial autocorrelation and has the best model fit and complexity. The experiments demonstrated that precipitation, snow melt, and permafrost moisture release, as well as the area of vegetation and elevation difference in the watershed, can significantly promote the expansion of lakes, while evapotranspiration and days of mean daily temperature above zero have an inhibitory effect on lake area expansion. The degree of influence of each factor also differs significantly over time and across regions. Spatially quantitative modeling of lake area in the TP using the ESF-SVC method is a new attempt to provide novel ideas for lake research.
A Spatial Downscaling Methodology for GRACE Total Water Storage Anomalies Using GPM IMERG Precipitation Estimates
Authors: Gemitzi Alexandra , Koutsias Nikos , Lakshmi Venkataraman
Published: December 2021

A downscaling framework for coarse resolution Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) Total Water Storage Anomaly (TWSA) data is described, exploiting the observations of precipitation from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, using the Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG). Considering that the major driving force for changes in TWS is precipitation, we tested our hypothesis that coarse resolution, i.e., 1°, GRACE TWSA can be effectively downscaled to 0.1° using GPM IMERG data. The algorithm for the downscaling process comprises the development of a regression equation at the coarse resolution between the GRACE and GPM IMERG data, which is then applied at the finer resolution with a subsequent residual correction procedure. An ensemble of GRACE data from three processing centers, i.e., GFZ, JPL and CSR, was used for the time period from June 2018 until March 2021. To verify our downscaling methodology, we applied it with GRACE data from 2005 to 2015, and we compared it against modeled TWSA from two independent datasets in the Thrace and Thessaly regions in Greece for the same period and found a high performance in all examined metrics. Our research indicates that the downscaled GRACE observations are comparable to the TWSA estimated with hydrological modeling, thus highlighting the potential of GRACE data to contribute to the improvement of hydrological model performance, especially in ungauged basins.
Flood Risk Assessment of Metro System Using Improved Trapezoidal Fuzzy AHP: A Case Study of Guangzhou
Authors: Wang Guangpeng , Liu Lianyou , Shi Peijun , Zhang Guoming , Liu Jifu
Published: December 2021

Metro systems have become high-risk entities due to the increased frequency and severity of urban flooding. Therefore, understanding the flood risk of metro systems is a prerequisite for mega-cities’ flood protection and risk management. This study proposes a method for accurately assessing the flood risk of metro systems based on an improved trapezoidal fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP). We applied this method to assess the flood risk of 14 lines and 268 stations of the Guangzhou Metro. The risk results validation showed that the accuracy of the improved trapezoidal fuzzy AHP (90% match) outperformed the traditional trapezoidal AHP (70% match). The distribution of different flood risk levels in Guangzhou metro lines exhibited a polarization signature. About 69% (155 km2) of very high and high risk zones were concentrated in central urban areas (Yuexiu, Liwan, Tianhe, and Haizhu); the three metro lines with the highest overall risk level were lines 3, 6, and 5; and the metro stations at very high risk were mainly located on metro lines 6, 3, 5, 1, and 2. Based on fieldwork, we suggest raising exits, installing watertight doors, and using early warning strategies to resist metro floods. This study can provide scientific data for decision-makers to reasonably allocate flood prevention resources, which is significant in reducing flood losses and promoting Guangzhou’s sustainable development.
Retrieval of Daily Mean VIIRS SST Products in China Seas
Authors: Li Qianmei , He Qingyou , Chen Chuqun
Published: December 2021

Sea surface temperature (SST) is one of the most important factors in regulating air-sea heat flux and, thus, climate change. Most of current global daily SST products are derived from one or two transient measurements of polar-orbiting satellites, which are not the same to daily mean SST values. In this study, high-temporal-resolution SST measurements (32–40 snapshots per day) from a geostationary satellite, FengYun-4A (FY–4A), are used to analyze the diurnal variation of SST in China seas. The results present a sinusoidal pattern of the diurnal variability in SST, with the maximum value at 13:00–15:00 CST and the minimum at 06:00–08:00 CST. Based on the diurnal variation of SST, a retrieval method for daily mean SST products from polar-orbiting satellites is established and applied to 7716 visible infrared imaging radiometer (VIIRS) data in China seas. The results suggest that it is feasible and practical for the retrieval of daily mean SST with an average RMSE of 0.133 °C. This retrieval method can also be utilized to other polar-orbiting satellites and obtain more daily mean satellite SST products, which will contribute to more accurate estimation and prediction between atmosphere and ocean in the future.
A New Method (MINDED-BA) for Automatic Detection of Burned Areas Using Remote Sensing
Authors: Oliveira Eduardo R. , Disperati Leonardo , Alves Fátima L.
Published: December 2021

This work presents a change detection method (MINDED-BA) for determining burned extents from multispectral remote sensing imagery. It consists of a development of a previous model (MINDED), originally created to estimate flood extents, combining a multi-index image-differencing approach and the analysis of magnitudes of the image-differencing statistics. The method was implemented, using Landsat and Sentinel-2 data, to estimate yearly burn extents within a study area located in northwest central Portugal, from 2000–2019. The modelling workflow includes several innovations, such as preprocessing steps to address some of the most important sources of error mentioned in the literature, and an optimal bin number selection procedure, the latter being the basis for the threshold selection for the classification of burn-related changes. The results of the model have been compared to an official yearly-burn-extent database and allow verifying the significant improvements introduced by both the pre-processing procedures and the multi-index approach. The high overall accuracies of the model (ca. 97%) and its levels of automatization (through open-source software) indicate potential for being a reliable method for systematic unsupervised classification of burned areas.
A Comparison of UAV RGB and Multispectral Imaging in Phenotyping for Stay Green of Wheat Population
Authors: Cao Xiaofeng , Liu Yulin , Yu Rui , Han Dejun , Su Baofeng
Published: December 2021

High throughput phenotyping (HTP) for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) stay green (SG) is expected in field breeding as SG is a beneficial phenotype for wheat high yield and environment adaptability. The RGB and multispectral imaging based on the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) are widely popular multi-purpose HTP platforms for crops in the field. The purpose of this study was to compare the potential of UAV RGB and multispectral images (MSI) in SG phenotyping of diversified wheat germplasm. The multi-temporal images of 450 samples (406 wheat genotypes) were obtained and the color indices (CIs) from RGB and MSI and spectral indices (SIs) from MSI were extracted, respectively. The four indices (CIs in RGB, CIs in MSI, SIs in MSI, and CIs + SIs in MSI) were used to detect four SG stages, respectively, by machine learning classifiers. Then, all indices’ dynamics were analyzed and the indices that varied monotonously and significantly were chosen to calculate wheat temporal stay green rates (SGR) to quantify the SG in diverse genotypes. The correlations between indices’ SGR and wheat yield were assessed and the dynamics of some indices’ SGR with different yield correlations were tracked in three visual observed SG grades samples. In SG stage detection, classifiers best average accuracy reached 93.20–98.60% and 93.80–98.80% in train and test set, respectively, and the SIs containing red edge or near-infrared band were more effective than the CIs calculated only by visible bands. Indices’ temporal SGR could quantify SG changes on a population level, but showed some differences in the correlation with yield and in tracking visual SG grades samples. In SIs, the SGR of Normalized Difference Red-edge Index (NDRE), Red-edge Chlorophyll Index (CIRE), and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in MSI showed high correlations with yield and could track visual SG grades at an earlier stage of grain filling. In CIs, the SGR of Normalized Green Red Difference Index (NGRDI), the Green Leaf Index (GLI) in RGB and MSI showed low correlations with yield and could only track visual SG grades at late grain filling stage and that of Norm Red (NormR) in RGB images failed to track visual SG grades. This study preliminarily confirms the MSI is more available and reliable than RGB in phenotyping for wheat SG. The index-based SGR in this study could act as HTP reference solutions for SG in diversified wheat genotypes.
Monitoring Small Water Bodies Using High Spatial and Temporal Resolution Analysis Ready Datasets
Authors: Perin Vinicius , Roy Samapriya , Kington Joe , Harris Thomas , Tulbure Mirela G. , Stone Noah , Barsballe Torben , Reba Michele , Yaeger Mary A.
Published: December 2021

Basemap and Planet Fusion—derived from PlanetScope imagery—represent the next generation of analysis ready datasets that minimize the effects of the presence of clouds. These datasets have high spatial (3 m) and temporal (daily) resolution, which provides an unprecedented opportunity to improve the monitoring of on-farm reservoirs (OFRs)—small water bodies that store freshwater and play important role in surface hydrology and global irrigation activities. In this study, we assessed the usefulness of both datasets to monitor sub-weekly surface area changes of 340 OFRs in eastern Arkansas, USA, and we evaluated the datasets main differences when used to monitor OFRs. When comparing the OFRs surface area derived from Basemap and Planet Fusion to an independent validation dataset, both datasets had high agreement (r2 ≥ 0.87), and small uncertainties, with a mean absolute percent error (MAPE) between 7.05% and 10.08%. Pairwise surface area comparisons between the two datasets and the PlanetScope imagery showed that 61% of the OFRs had r2 ≥ 0.55, and 70% of the OFRs had MAPE <5%. In general, both datasets can be employed to monitor OFRs sub-weekly surface area changes, and Basemap had higher surface area variability and was more susceptible to the presence of cloud shadows and haze when compared to Planet Fusion, which had a smoother time series with less variability and fewer abrupt changes throughout the year. The uncertainties in surface area classification decreased as the OFRs increased in size. In addition, the surface area time series can have high variability, depending on the OFR environmental conditions (e.g., presence of vegetation inside the OFR). Our findings suggest that both datasets can be used to monitor OFRs sub-weekly, seasonal, and inter-annual surface area changes; therefore, these datasets can help improve freshwater management by allowing better assessment and management of the OFRs.
A Novel Feature-Engineered–NGBoost Machine-Learning Framework for Fraud Detection in Electric Power Consumption Data
Authors: Hussain Saddam , Mustafa Mohd Wazir , Al-Shqeerat Khalil Hamdi Ateyeh , Saeed Faisal , Al-rimy Bander Ali Saleh
Published: December 2021

This study presents a novel feature-engineered–natural gradient descent ensemble-boosting (NGBoost) machine-learning framework for detecting fraud in power consumption data. The proposed framework was sequentially executed in three stages: data pre-processing, feature engineering, and model evaluation. It utilized the random forest algorithm-based imputation technique initially to impute the missing data entries in the acquired smart meter dataset. In the second phase, the majority weighted minority oversampling technique (MWMOTE) algorithm was used to avoid an unequal distribution of data samples among different classes. The time-series feature-extraction library and whale optimization algorithm were utilized to extract and select the most relevant features from the kWh reading of consumers. Once the most relevant features were acquired, the model training and testing process was initiated by using the NGBoost algorithm to classify the consumers into two distinct categories (“Healthy” and “Theft”). Finally, each input feature’s impact (positive or negative) in predicting the target variable was recognized with the tree SHAP additive-explanations algorithm. The proposed framework achieved an accuracy of 93%, recall of 91%, and precision of 95%, which was greater than all the competing models, and thus validated its efficacy and significance in the studied field of research.
Bland–Altman Limits of Agreement from a Bayesian and Frequentist Perspective
Authors: Gerke Oke , Möller Sören
Published: December 2021

Bland–Altman agreement analysis has gained widespread application across disciplines, last but not least in health sciences, since its inception in the 1980s. Bayesian analysis has been on the rise due to increased computational power over time, and Alari, Kim, and Wand have put Bland–Altman Limits of Agreement in a Bayesian framework (Meas. Phys. Educ. Exerc. Sci. 2021, 25, 137–148). We contrasted the prediction of a single future observation and the estimation of the Limits of Agreement from the frequentist and a Bayesian perspective by analyzing interrater data of two sequentially conducted, preclinical studies. The estimation of the Limits of Agreement θ1 and θ2 has wider applicability than the prediction of single future differences. While a frequentist confidence interval represents a range of nonrejectable values for null hypothesis significance testing of H0: θ1 ≤ −δ or θ2 ≥ δ against H1: θ1 > −δ and θ2 < δ, with a predefined benchmark value δ, Bayesian analysis allows for direct interpretation of both the posterior probability of the alternative hypothesis and the likelihood of parameter values. We discuss group-sequential testing and nonparametric alternatives briefly. Frequentist simplicity does not beat Bayesian interpretability due to improved computational resources, but the elicitation and implementation of prior information demand caution. Accounting for clustered data (e.g., repeated measurements per subject) is well-established in frequentist, but not yet in Bayesian Bland–Altman analysis.
Bounding the Solution Space of Complex Systems in Terms of Non-Numeric and\or Uncontrollable Scenario Variables
Authors: Hernandez Alejandro , Pollman Anthony
Published: December 2021

This paper describes an approach to blend several qualitative and quantitative methods to establish the boundaries of complex systems in terms of uncontrollable, non-numeric variables. Decision makers increasingly encounter layered, multidimensional, interconnected issues that contain unknown unknowns, vast uncertainties, and ill-defined lines of demarcation between the beginning and the end of the problem. The inexactness of boundaries in a systems problem is a result of not knowing important variables, existence of uncontrollable variables, and near-uncountable significant interactions among the variables. Furthermore, complexities and systems challenges arise from unexpected emergent behavior(s) that are often the primary concerns of systems engineers. The ability to investigate uncontrollable variables and their interactions with the system of interest is a critical step for bounding the system problem and defining the solution space. Thus, this paper focuses on developing a means for systematically examining these variables. By incorporating scenario-based computer simulations, scenario discretization, and customized designs of experiments, the authors offer systems engineers and scientists an approach for defining a viable solution space of a complex problem by developing constraint equations from uncontrollable, non-numeric variables.
Gravity Models with Nonlinear Symmetry Realization
Authors: Alexeyev Stanislav , Krichevskiy Daniil , Latosh Boris
Published: December 2021

Validity of three gravity models with non-linear realization of conformal symmetry previously discussed in literature is addressed. Two models are found to be equivalent up to a change of coset coordinates. It was found that models contain ghost degrees of freedom that may be excluded by an introduction of an additional symmetry to the target space. One model found to be safe in early universe. The others found to lack spin-2 degrees of freedom and to have peculiar coupling to matter degrees of freedom.
Gravitational Lensing of Continuous Gravitational Waves
Authors: Biesiada Marek , Harikumar Sreekanth
Published: December 2021

Continuous gravitational waves are analogous to monochromatic light and could therefore be used to detect wave effects such as interference or diffraction. This would be possible with strongly lensed gravitational waves. This article reviews and summarises the theory of gravitational lensing in the context of gravitational waves in two different regimes: geometric optics and wave optics, for two widely used lens models such as the point mass lens and the Singular Isothermal Sphere (SIS). Observable effects due to the wave nature of gravitational waves are discussed. As a consequence of interference, GWs produce beat patterns which might be observable with next generation detectors such as the ground based Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer, or the space-borne LISA and DECIGO. This will provide us with an opportunity to estimate the properties of the lensing system and other cosmological parameters with alternative techniques. Diffractive microlensing could become a valuable method of searching for intermediate mass black holes formed in the centres of globular clusters. We also point to an interesting idea of detecting the Poisson–Arago spot proposed in the literature.
Neutrino Mixing and Oscillations in Quantum Field Theory: A Comprehensive Introduction
Authors: Smaldone Luca , Vitiello Giuseppe
Published: December 2021

We review some of the main results of the quantum field theoretical approach to neutrino mixing and oscillations. We show that the quantum field theoretical framework, where flavor vacuum is defined, permits giving a precise definition of flavor states as eigenstates of (non-conserved) lepton charges. We obtain the exact oscillation formula, which in the relativistic limit reproduces the Pontecorvo oscillation formula and illustrates some of the contradictions arising in the quantum mechanics approximation. We show that the gauge theory structure underlies the neutrino mixing phenomenon and that there exists entanglement between mixed neutrinos. The flavor vacuum is found to be an entangled generalized coherent state of SU(2). We also discuss flavor energy uncertainty relations, which impose a lower bound on the precision of neutrino energy measurements, and we show that the flavor vacuum inescapably emerges in certain classes of models with dynamical symmetry breaking.
Cat and/or Dog Ownership, Cardiovascular Disease, and Obesity: A Systematic Review
Authors: Barroso Cristina S. , Brown Kathleen C. , Laubach David , Souza Marcy , Daugherty Linda M. , Dixson Melanie
Published: December 2021

Pet ownership, the most common human–animal interaction, is believed to bestow positive health benefits onto pet owners. However, there is limited research on substantiating these assertions. The aim of this review was to systematically identify, evaluate, and summarize primary research on the relationship between cat and/or dog ownership and cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and obesity to inform future research on pet ownership and chronic disease. How pet ownership was defined/measured, and identification of the chronic disease variables and health behaviors most often measured were emphasized. Two researchers independently searched PubMed and Web of Science, where One Health literature are mostly likely to be indexed, for peer-reviewed literature on pet ownership and CVD, T2D, and obesity. A review of 4541 titles and abstracts for relevance resulted in 34 manuscripts eligible for full-text review. Two researchers assessed each eligible manuscript and extracted data only from those that met the inclusion criteria (n = 14). Ten studies on CVD, four studies on obesity, and zero studies on T2D met the study criteria. The CVD and obesity variables varied and were not well described. The relationship between pet ownership and CVD and obesity varied (positive, negative, mixed effects, and no effect). Generalizability lacked across all studies: most studies were with Non-Hispanic White populations. Other areas of weakness were quality of study outcomes and instrument validity. Operationalization of pet ownership varied (from no verification to confirmed pet registration). Integration of the evidence-based influence of the human–animal connection through pet ownership on CVD and obesity may make prevention, mitigation, and treatment strategies more robust.
Balancing Reproductive and Productive Responsibilities: Childcare Strategies Implemented by Migrant Mothers in the Thailand–Myanmar Border Region
Authors: Wight Lisa , Oo Nway Nway , Mhote Naw Pue Pue , Trongsakul Supaporn , Purkey Eva , Bartels Susan A. , Aldersey Heather M. , Davison Colleen M.
Published: December 2021

Background: In Myanmar, formerly known as Burma, conflicts between ethnic minorities, the government, and the military have been ongoing for decades. Enduring unrest has caused thousands to flee to the region around Mae Sot, a city on Thailand’s western border. Women around the world assume a combination of reproductive and productive responsibilities, and during situations of armed conflict and displacement, conditions for women often worsen. This study investigated the parenting experiences of female migrants from Myanmar living in protracted refugee situations in Mae Sot. Methods: This research was part of a mixed-methods international comparative study on the experiences of parenting in adversity. In this analysis, 62 first-person qualitative narratives shared by migrant mothers in the Thailand–Myanmar border region were inductively analyzed using the Qualitative Analysis Guide of Leuven method. Results: The results highlight how migrant mothers undertake significant reproductive responsibilities, such as breastfeeding and child-rearing, as well as productive responsibilities, including paid labour in the agricultural, formal, and informal sectors. In order to care and provide for their families, female migrants in the Thailand–Myanmar border region utilized four childcare strategies: caring for children while working, caring for children instead of working, dispersing responsibilities amongst extended family members and children, and delegating reproductive responsibilities to formal and non-familial caretakers. Conclusions: Most mothers shared stories in which they or their immediate family members cared for their children, rather than depending on neighbours or formal childminders. Female migrants may face challenges locating desirable work that is compatible with childcare, rendering certain childcare arrangement strategies more prevalent than others. Further research could elucidate these challenges and how opportunities for gainful employment that are conducive to childcare can be generated for women living in protracted refugee situations.
Key instruments of state regulation of the industrial sector
Authors: Kozhina V. , Zavalko N.
Published: December 2021

The article provides an analysis of financial and non-financial instruments of state regulation of the industrial sector. The studies carried out on the use of support measures by high-tech and innovative enterprises in different sectors of the economy show their high interest in obtaining it. It was revealed that the maximum demand for a state support measure is about twenty-five percent, while on average it does not exceed 10%. The concern is caused by the inability of enterprises to use several support measures at the same time, most often they apply for one measure for a specific investment project. The use of support measures in combination will allow industrial enterprises to effectively implement their strategic plans and form an increasing vector of industry development.
Universities as Arts and Cultural Anchors
Authors: Ashley Amanda , Durham Leslie
Published: December 2021

Economic developers commonly refer to universities as anchor institutions because they are large, rooted regional economic drivers that are sites of development, incubation, entrepreneurship, workforce readiness, and knowledge transfer. But most anchor research speaks generally about the university or focuses on STEM and not on arts and culture. Our study asks: what is the role of universities in anchoring arts and cultural innovation in the regional creativity ecology, and how are university leaders identifying, communicating, and investing as arts and cultural anchors? Through a qualitative comparative case analysis of four public universities in the Intermountain West combined with target interviews of field innovators and a synthesis of transdisciplinary literature, we deepen the concept of the university arts and cultural anchor and map a theoretical and practical shift from a traditional to contemporary form of anchoring. We identify four stages of anchor readiness, and we propose a pilot assessment tool for university leaders to determine their anchor stage based on awareness and investment. Our applied research helps universities move from being an arts patron to an arts entrepreneur, investor, innovator, and catalyst.
Book Review: The Death of the Artist: How Creators Are Struggling to Survive in the Age of Billionaires and Big Tech by William Deresiewicz
Authors: Kuuskoski Jonathan
Published: December 2021

Jonathan Kuuskoski reviews William Deresiewicz’s The Death of the Artist: How Creators Are Struggling to Survive in the Age of Billionaires and Big Tech.
Vjeroučitelji i vjeroučiteljice na nekim izvorima sakramentalne duhovnosti
Authors: Jurić Kata Amabilis
Published: December 2021

Iz Katekizma Katoličke Crkve i teološke literature proizlazi da su sakramenti ‘žarišne točke› Božjeg djelovanja u Crkvi i ostvarenje njezinog spasenjskog poslanja evidentnog u životu i djelovanju suvremenog vjeroučitelja. U prvom dijelu znanstvenog rada predstavljen je službeni nauk Crkve te teološka promišljanja relevantnih autora o sakramentima, posebice pomirenja, euharistije i ženidbe, kojima su vjeroučitelji pridavali većinsku pozornost u kvalitativnom istraživanju. Njihova interpretacija oslanja se na neke uporišne točke suvremene kršćanske sakramentologije, što je predmet drugog dijela znanstvenog diskursa, koji u središte promišljanja stavlja konkretna poimanja i očitovanja vjeroučiteljeve sakramentalne duhovnosti dobivene kvalitativnim istraživanjem, metodom napola strukturiranog ili dubinskog intervjua, u čemu se ujedno očituje i novost ovoga rada. Intervjuirani vjeroučitelji potvrđuju važnost teorijskih promišljanja o sakramentima, no ipak prednost daju konkretnom svjedočkom življenju usvojenih sadržaja i njihovu prenošenju na vjeroučenike.
A Smarter Pavlovian Dog with Optically Modulated Associative Learning in an Organic Ferroelectric Neuromem
Authors: Pei Mengjiao , Wan Changjin , Chang Qiong , Guo Jianhang , Jiang Sai , Zhang Bowen , Wang Xinran , Shi Yi , Li Yun
Published: December 2021

Associative learning is a critical learning principle uniting discrete ideas and percepts to improve individuals’ adaptability. However, enabling high tunability of the association processes as in biological counterparts and thus integration of multiple signals from the environment, ideally in a single device, is challenging. Here, we fabricate an organic ferroelectric neuromem capable of monadically implementing optically modulated associative learning. This approach couples the photogating effect at the interface with ferroelectric polarization switching, enabling highly tunable optical modulation of charge carriers. Our device acts as a smarter Pavlovian dog exhibiting adjustable associative learning with the training cycles tuned from thirteen to two. In particular, we obtain a large output difference (>10
3
), which is very similar to the all-or-nothing biological sensory/motor neuron spiking with decrementless conduction. As proof-of-concept demonstrations, photoferroelectric coupling-based applications in cryptography and logic gates are achieved in a single device, indicating compatibility with biological and digital data processing.
Irish Media Coverage of COVID-19 Evidence-Based Research Reports From One National Agency
Authors: Sharp Melissa K. , Forde Zoë , McGeown Cordelia , O’Murchu Eamon , Smith Susan M. , O’Neill Michelle , Ryanb Máirín , Clyne Barbara
Published: December 2021

Background: How research findings are presented through domestic news can influence behaviour and risk perceptions, particularly during emergencies such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Monitoring media communications to track misinformation and find information gaps is an important component of emergency risk communication. Therefore, this study investigated the traditional media coverage of nine selected COVID-19 evidence-based research reports and associated press releases (PRs) published during the initial phases of the pandemic (April to July 2020) by one national agency. Methods: NVivo was used for summative content analysis. ‘Key messages’ from each research report were proposed and 488 broadcast, print, and online media sources were coded at the phrase level. Manifest content was coded and counted to locate patterns in the data (what and how many) while latent content was analysed to further investigate these patterns (why and how). This included the coding of the presence of political and public health actors in coverage. Results: Coverage largely did not misrepresent the results of the reports, however, selective reporting and the variability in the use of quotes from governmental and public health stakeholders changed and contextualised results in different manners than perhaps originally intended in the PR. Reports received varying levels of media attention. Coverage focused on more ‘human-interest’ stories (eg, spread of COVID-19 by children and excess mortality) as opposed to more technical reports (eg, focusing on viral load, antibodies, testing, etc). Conclusion: Our findings provide a case-study of European media coverage of evidence reports produced by a national agency. Results highlighted several strengths and weaknesses of current communication efforts.
RECIPES FOR MODIFIED DRY MIXTURES
Authors: Муртазаев С-А. Ю. , Саламанова М. Ш. , Сайдумов М. С. , Исмаилова З. Х.
Published: December 2021

В настоящей работе приводятся основные аспекты формирования специальных свойств материалов, а также компоненты, входящие в состав строительных сухих смесей. Приведенный анализ компонентов сухих строительных смесей подтвердил, что разработка рецептур сухих смесей - это энергоемкий и длительный процесс, требующий наличия современной лаборатории, оснащенной высококлассным оборудованием для проведения исследований. Результаты исследований подтверждают, что местный минерально-природный ресурс позволяет проводить необходимые мероприятия по разработке рецептур ССС.

This work presents the main aspects of the formation of special properties of materials, as well as the components that make up the construction dry mixes. The above analysis of the components of dry building mixtures confirmed that the development of formulations for dry mixtures is an energy-intensive and time-consuming process that requires a modern laboratory equipped with high-quality research equipment. The research results confirm that the local mineral and natural resource allows to carry out the necessary measures for the development of CCC formulations.
Jogos e dramatizações na promoção da ludicidade e da motivação na educação profissional
Authors: Giordano Carlos Vital , Simões Francis Akemi Nitto
Published: December 2021

O artigo intenciona verificar as práticas educacionais como promotoras da ludicidade em atividades de dramatizações e jogos na educação profissional. A investigação se mostra relevante no que se refere às opiniões dadas pelo discente sobre as práticas propostas. Justifica-se a pesquisa pela importância do debate do tema ludicidade na área da educação profissional. A questão de pesquisa é identificar se o discente da área do ensino técnico entende relevante e motivador a utilização de jogos e dramatizações no processo de aprendizagem. O método selecionado é o descritivo/exploratório, com aplicações, observações, entrevistas suportadas por perguntas abertas e questionário composto por perguntas fechadas. As atividades aplicadas possibilitaram a captação de relatos pós-evento que, depois de transcritos, foram analisados de forma qualitativa e quantitativa. A amostra de estudo se concentrou nos estudantes jovens e adultos dos cursos técnicos de desenvolvimento de sistemas, logística e administração de Centro de Educação Profissional Tecnológica (CEPT), sendo as seleções dos cursos realizadas por conveniência. Os resultados alcançados demonstram a identificação pretendida, bem como, a concordância com os estudos dos autores referenciados. Além disso, as técnicas utilizadas podem servir de bases para novos estudos, modelos e aplicações.
Gökkuşağı Alabalıklarında (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Görülen Lactococcus garvieae Enfeksiyonu ve Tedavisi
Authors: KARATAY İsmail , BALTA Fikri
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışma, 2012 Ocak ve 2017 Eylül tarihleri arasında Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’ndeki 12 farklı gökkuşağı alabalık çiftliklerinden balıklar toplanmıştır. Hastalıklı gökkuşağı alabalıklarından (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 100 adet bakteri izole edilmiştir. Tüm izolatların tanımlanması geleneksel biyokimyasal testler, api 20 strep testi ve PZR testi kullanılarak tanımlanması yapılmıştır. Pozitif kontrol olarak ATCC 43921 referans izolatı kullanılmıştır. Api 20 strep test sonuçlarına göre izole edilen 100 bakteriden 68 tanesi Lactococcus garvieae olduğu belirlenmiştir. L. garvieae izolatına özel pLG-1 ve pLG-2 (16S rRNA) referans genleri kullanılarak PCR testi ile doğrulanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda, gökkuşağı alabalıklardan izole edilen 100 izolattan 68 adet L. garvieae olduğu teyit edilmiştir. Lactococcus garvieae izolatlarına yapılan antibiyogram test sonuçlarına göre sulfamethoksazol, streptomisin ve sulfametoksazol+trimetoprim’e %100, ampisilin’e % 94.2, oksitetrasiklin %72.5, eritromisin’e % 55.07 ve oksolinik asit % 43.5 dirençli olduğu, fakat enrofloksasin % 26.09, doksisikline %20,3, amoksiklin ve florfenikol % 8.7 daha az düzeyde direnç tespit edilmiştir. Hastalığın tedavisinde üreticiye antibiyogram test sonuçlarına göre en etkili olan antibiyotiklerden florfenikol amoksiklin ve doksisiklinden birinin kullanılması önerilmiştir
Jóvenes, inclusión social y comunidad
Authors: Jack Tatiana
Published: December 2021

En el presente artículo se analiza los modos de territorialización y construcción  de vínculos de confianza que desarrollan las políticas asistenciales con perspectiva comunitaria de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, que tienen como objetivo la inclusión social de jóvenes de sectores populares entre los años  2009-2019. Desde una perspectiva metodológica cualitativa, el análisis muestra la centralidad que la cuestión de los vínculos de confianza tiene en las políticas analizadas como eje organizador de las lógicas de intervención, como también la incidencia que las organizaciones socio-comunitarias han tenido en las políticas sociales hacia jóvenes durante los últimos años, aunque con tensiones, demandas y disputas con el Estado Provincial en el proceso de implementación. En estas modalidades, los vínculos se producen a través de dispositivos de acompañamiento en territorio que funcionan  en las organizaciones sociales o en los municipios. Estas relaciones habilitan la intervención y el desarrollo de funciones de cuidado, afectividad y  protección  desde una mirada que intenta correrse de las respuestas punitivas y expulsivas.  No obstante, el déficit presupuestario para su funcionamiento y la debilidad institucional que caracteriza a estos programas tensiona y limita las dinámicas de intervención.
МЕНТАЛЬНІСТЬ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО НАРОДУ І ПРОЦЕСИ ДЕРЖАВОТВОРЕННЯ
Authors: Козловець М.
Published: December 2021

У статті крізь призму ментальності українців розглядаються процеси державного будівництва в сучасній Україна; звернуто увагу на особливості територіального, культурно-господарчого розвитку і самобутності етнічної еволюції українців як народу, без врахування яких неможливо зрозуміти сутність новітнього націє- й державотворення. Як специфічний спосіб сприйняття і розуміння етносом свого внутрішнього світу та зовнішніх обставин ментальність разом із матеріальними чинниками інтегрує народ, націю в єдине ціле, відкриває шлях до побудови ефективної держави. Обґрунтовано, що успішне творення державно-політичного організму на новому витку національної історії залежатиме від того, наскільки українська державницька ідея увійде у свідомість громадян України, адекватно відповідає сутності ментальності та собливостям менталітету українського народу.
Assessing the Cost of Friction between NATO Allies
Authors: Katsaitis Oysseus , Zombanakis George
Published: December 2021

This paper proposes a method for assessing the cost of friction between North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) allies and highlights internal threats. This is applied to the Greek–Turkish conflict within the NATO context and concerns the functioning of defence expenditure in Greece, modified in such a way as to focus on the causes of friction between these allies. The analysis concentrates mainly on the issue of internal threats to the long-run equilibrium of NATO. The ARDL methodology used modifies the typical error correction model by introducing a mechanism that accelerates the process that leads back to the long-run equilibrium. Along with assessing the cost to an ally in relation to an internal threat, the method proposed allows the time required for the long-run equilibrium of NATO to be restored. The paper concludes that dynamic incidents of friction between allies expressed as an internal threat disturb NATO’s static equilibrium, destabilise an individual ally’s defence policy and contribute to cost being incurred.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОЙ СЕЙСМИЧНОСТИ И СЕЙСМИЧЕСКОЕ МИКРОРАЙОНИРОВАНИЕ ТЕРРИТОРИИ ОСНОВНЫХ СООРУЖЕНИЙ УСТЬ-СРЕДНЕКАНСКОЙ ГЭС
Authors: Алёшина Е.И. , Атрохин В.В. , Карпенко Л.И. , Курткин С.В. , Габдарахманова Ю.В.
Published: December 2021

Территория Магаданской области является сейсмически активным регионом [4, 3, 2], что
требует оценки сейсмической опасности площадок, на которых возводятся объекты повышенной
ответственности. К одному из таких объектов относится Усть-Среднеканская ГЭС имени
А.Ф. Дьякова, входящая в Колымский каскад ГЭС.
С учетом новых геолого-геофизических и сейсмологических материалов для района УстьСреднеканской ГЭС проведено детальное сейсмическое районирование (ДСР) и сейсмическое
микрорайонирование (СМР). Исходными материалами ДСР являлись тектонические схемы
Магаданской области [5], данные сейсмологического мониторинга проводимого Магаданским
филиалом ФИЦ ЕГС РАН, каталоги землетрясений, научные отчеты и публикации о сейсмичности
Северо-Востока России.
Исследования сейсмичности в районе Усть-Среднеканской ГЭС проводились в 1991 г. [9, 10]
и в 2008 г. [12]. По нормативной карте ОСР-2016 район основных сооружений Усть-Среднеканской
ГЭС расположен в 8-ми и 9-ти балльных зонах расчетной сейсмической интенсивности [16].
За весь период наблюдений сотрясения на исследуемой территории не превышали 5 баллов,
что существенно ниже, чем указано на картах ОСР–2016 [16].
ГИДРОГЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПРЕДВЕСТНИКИ: ОБЗОР МНОГОЛЕТНИХ ДАННЫХ НАБЛЮДЕНИЙ НА ПОЛУОСТРОВЕ КАМЧАТКА
Authors: Копылова Г.Н. , Болдина С.В.
Published: December 2021

Аномальные изменения физико-химических параметров подземных вод перед
землетрясениями, называются гидрогеологическими предвестниками (далее ГП). ГП обусловлены
процессами подготовки землетрясений и могут использоваться для решения задач сейсмического
прогнозирования, в первую очередь, для оценки времени сильных землетрясений [1, 21].
Для изучения ГП проводятся наблюдения на скважинах и источниках за вариациями
давления, разгрузки, температуры и химического состава подземной воды и газов. На полуострове
Камчатка такие наблюдения были начаты в 1977 г. с периодичностью наблюдений на сети скважин и
источников один раз в 3−6 сут. С 1996 г. используются автоматизированные средства регистрации
уровня/давления, температуры и электропроводности воды в пьезометрических скважинах Е-1, ЮЗ-5
и в самоизливающейся скважине М-1 [4].
ОТРАЖЕНИЕ ПОДГОТОВКИ СЕВЕРО-КУРИЛЬСКОГО ЗЕМЛЕТРЯСЕНИЯ 25.03.2020 И РАЗВИТИЯ ЕГО АФТЕРШОКОВОГО ПРОЦЕССА В ПАРАМЕТРЕ VP/VS
Authors: Кучай М.С. , Славина Л.Б.
Published: December 2021

Землетрясение 25 марта 2020 г, ML = 7.6, Mw = 7.5 произошло на Тихоокеанской плите, юговосточнее Камчатского мыса Лопатка, к востоку от Северных Курильских островов − Парамушир,
Онекотан. Это область так называемого перегиба плиты − начала погружения Тихоокеанской плиты
под Камчатку, начала формирования погружающегося фокального слоя – слоя субдукции.
ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЕ ИЗВЕРЖЕНИЙ ВУЛКАНА БЕЗЫМЯННЫЙ НА ОСНОВЕ СОУС'09: РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ, ВЕРИФИКАЦИЯ ПАРАМЕТРОВ
Authors: Салтыков В.А.
Published: December 2021

Для создания научно-методической основы технологий прогноза опасных геодинамических
явлений (землетрясений, извержений вулканов и пр.) необходимы методические разработки по
формализации предвестников, оценке их прогностической эффективности и создание алгоритмов
вероятностной оценки возникновения ожидаемого события. Ранее [3] был предложен
формализованная методика вероятностного прогноза извержений вулкана Безымянный на основе
применения статистической оценки уровня сейсмичности СОУС’09 [2]1
В последние десятилетия на вулкане Безымянный происходит в среднем 1–2
кратковременных, но сильных эксплозивно-эффузивных извержения в год. Так c 1999 г. по 2020 г.
зафиксировано 29 таких извержений. Для вулкана Безымянный характерна слабая мелкофокусная
сейсмичность, которая, в основном, связана непосредственно с извержениями или предшествует им.
Наиболее надежный каталог землетрясений для этого вулкана имеется с 1999 г. На основе этих
данных и были определены все характеристики прогностической методики.
и ряда вспомогательных
функций, характеризующих предвестниковую ситуацию. Схематично процедуру прогнозирования
извержения вулкана Безымянный можно представить в виде следующих этапов:
Для исследования сейсмических активизаций перед извержениями вулкана Безымянный
использован каталог Ключевской группы вулканов с 1999 по 2014 гг., полученный Камчатской
региональной сетью сейсмических станций [4]. Для построения оценок уровня сейсмичности из
каталога были выбраны землетрясения, зафиксированные в радиусе 6 км от вершины вулкана
Безымянный. Отметим, что ~98% сейсмических событий приходится на диапазон глубин до 5 км.
Анализируемый массив данных имеет представительность (уровень надежной регистрации) КS = 4.0.
Temporal analysis of academic performance in higher education before, during and after COVID-19 confinement using artificial intelligence
Authors: Subirats Laia , Corral Aina Palacios , Perez-Ruiz Sofia , Fort Santi , Sacha Gomez Monivas
Published: December 2021

This study provides the profiles of students and a regression prediction of marks considering data before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a field experiment of 396 students and more than 7400 instances, we have studied the differences in performance considering the temporal distribution of autonomous learning during courses from 2016/2017 to 2020/2021. After applying unsupervised learning, results show 3 profiles of students: continuous students, last-minute students, intense and last-minute students. We have found that the highest success ratio is related to students that work in a continuous basis. However, last minute working is not necessary linked to failure. After applying regression, results show that the mark of the students can be predicted successfully and that the most relevant values are the mean mark in self-evaluation obtained the month before the final exam, the mean mark two months before, the number of attempts two months before and the number of attempts the month before. Results are a little worse but still acceptable if the prediction wants to be made a month before the final exam. This regression is useful to prevent students' wrong learning strategies, and (more effective) to detect malpractices such as copying. We have done all these analysis taking into account the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, including also a discussion about which factors will be extended in time and which ones are transitory and only due to the confinement.
URGENSITAS PENGOPTIMALAN PERATURAN OTORITAS JASA KEUANGAN TERKAIT FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Stefanie Elisa , Suherman Suherman
Published: December 2021

Di tengah pandemi Covid-19 ini, Satgas Waspada Investasi menemukan 126 fintech ilegal yang sengaja memanfaatkan kesulitan keuangan sebagian masyarakat di masa pandemi ini. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa keberadaan fintech ilegal di Indonesia tidaklah sedikit, tidak adanya pengaturan khusus mengenai fintech ilegal, mengakibatkan makin bertambahnya entitas fintech ilegal di tengah masyarakat serta adanya potensi praktik shadow banking yang dapat beresiko pada sistem keuangan. Dari latar belakang tersebut, penulis hendak menjawab dua pertanyaan. Pertama, potensi resiko praktik shadow banking terhadap sistem keuangan. Kedua, urgensitas pengoptimalan peraturan OJK terkait fintech. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif (normatif yuridis) dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach). Potensi resiko praktik shadow banking merupakan akibat dari belum adanya regulasi khusus yang mengatur mengenai shadow banking pada layanan fintech yang selama ini peraturannya hanya sebatas pada POJK saja. Pengoptimalan kebijakan OJK terkait fintech merupakan hal yang harus segera dilakukan yang didasarkan pada aspek fisiologis, sosiologis dan yuridis. Saran saya, hendaknya OJK segera mengeluarkan suatu peraturan atau mengoptimalkan POJK Nomor 77 Tahun 2016 terkait fintech agar dapat mengatur secara khusus mengenai fintech ilegal dan shadow banking, mulai dari pengegakan hukum fintech ilegal, penindaklanjutan praktik shadow banking dan sanksi tegas yang dapat memberi efek jera bagi fintech ilegal.