bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Darstellung von 7α‐Hydroxy‐ und 7α‐Methoxytestosteron‐Derivaten
Authors: Irmscher Klaus , Beerstecher Wolfgang , Metz Harald , Watzel Rudolf , Bork Karl‐Heinz
Published: June 2007

6α.7α‐Epoxy‐testosterone oder 6β‐Brom‐7α‐hydroxy‐testosterone lassen sich mit Lithium in flüssigem Ammoniak in hoher Ausbeute zu 7α‐Hydroxy‐testosteronen reduzieren. Mikrobiologische Hydroxylierung von Testosteron und 17α‐Methyl‐testosteron mit Curvularia lunata oder Cunninghamella blakesleeama führt ebenfalls zu den 7α‐Hydroxyderivaten. 7‐Brom‐5‐dehydro‐3‐epi‐androsteron‐benzoat läßt sich durch Behandlung mit Methanol und Aluminiumoxid methoxylieren; die Umwandlung des 7α‐ Methoxyderivates in 7α‐Methoxy‐testosteron‐ Derivate wird beschrieben.
Die Protonenresonanzspektren der Sulfane, II
Authors: Schmidbaur Hhubert , Schmidt Max , Siebert Walter
Published: June 2007

Der Protonenaustausch zwischen den einzelnen Homologen der Reihe der Sulfane H2Sx (x = 1, 2, 3,…) verläuft genügend langsam, um eine getrennte Messung der einzelnen Stoffe zu ermöglichen. Bis zu einer Kettenlänge von x = 6 ist auch der Substituenteneffekt eines jeweils neu hinzukommenden Schwefelatoms noch so groß, daß eine eindeutige Unterscheidbarkeit gewährleistet ist. Dadurch kann jetzt die Zusammensetzung von Sulfangemischen in einfacher Weise aufgeklärt werden. Als Beispiele wurden Sulfanrohöle und ihre Crackdestillate untersucht. „Reinsulfane”︁ lassen sich NMR‐spektroskopisch leicht auf ihre Reinheit prüfen. Die gefundenen Werte der chemischen Verschiebung der Protonensignale der Polysulfane werden diskutiert.
Penta‐ und Hexalignol
Authors: Freudenberg Karl , Tausend Herbert
Published: June 2007

Bisher sind 11 Dilignole, 6 Tri‐ und 2 Tetralignole bekannt. Zwei neue Bauelemente des Coniferen‐Lignins — Zwischenprodukte seiner Bildung — wurden isoliert: Das eine ist ein Hexalignol und das andere höchst wahrscheinlich ein pentalignol.
Alkali‐Phosphorverbindungen und ihr reaktives Verhalten, XXIX. [N‐Phenyl‐thiocarbamoyl]‐phosphine
Authors: Issleib Kurt , Harzfeld Georg
Published: June 2007

Phenylisothiocyanat reagiert mit sek. Phosphinen R2PH (Rc‐C6H11, C6H5, C6H5) unter Bildung der [N‐Phenyl‐thiocarbamoyl]‐phosphine R2PC(S)NHC6H5. Sie setzen sich mit LiC6H5 unter Metallierung zu den entsprechenden Lithium‐[N‐phenyl‐thiocarbamoyll‐phosphinen um. Dieser Verbindungstyp ent‐steht auch aus Alkaliphosphiden MePR2 und C6H5NCS, wobei u. a. weiteres 2NCS und Lösungsmittel addiert werden. Sowohl inP(c‐11)2]Li⊕ als auch in [C6H5NC(S⊖)N((C6H5)C(S)PR2]Me⊕ (Rc‐C6H11, 2; MeLi, K) liegen mesomeriefähige Anionen vor, die sich mit 2J zu R2PC(S2)N2 oder mit 2OH zu R2PC(S)NHC6H5 umsetzen. Sek. Diphosphine und prim. Phosphine bilden mit Phenylisothiocyanat ebenfalls [N‐Phenyl‐thiocarbamoyl)‐phosphine C6H5HNC(S)PR[CH2]nPRC(S)NH2, RP[C(S)NHC6H5]2 und RHPC(S)NHC6H5 (RC6H5, c‐C6H11).
Metallhydrazide, VIII. Synthese von Amidrazonen aus Nitrilen und Natriumhydrazid
Authors: Kauffmann Thomas , Spaude Siegfried , Wolf Dieter
Published: June 2007

Aromatische und aliphatische Mononitrile werden durch Umsetzen mit Natriumhydrazid in Diäthyl‐ oder Diisopropyläther bei 0–60° und Hydrolyse der gebildeten Addukte mit Wasser in guter Ausbeute in die Amidrazone übergeführt.
Über Verbindungen mit Urotropin‐Struktur, XXXI. Herstellung von Derivaten des 1‐Phenyl‐adamantans
Authors: Stetter Hermann , Weber Johannes , Wulff Claus
Published: June 2007

p‐[Adamantyl‐(1)]‐anilin erhält man sowohl ausgehend von 1‐Phenyl‐adamantan als auch durch direkte Umsetzung von 1‐Brom‐adamantan mit Acetanilid ohne Katalysatorzusatz und anschließende Verseifung. Unter den gleichen Bedingungen gelingt auch die Alkylierung von Acet‐o‐toluidid und Toluol in hohen Ausbeuten. Ausgehend von den durch direkte Alkylierung erhaltenen Reaktions‐produkten werden eine Reihe weiterer Derivate des 1‐Phenyl‐adamantans hergestellt.
Reaktion der Carbene mit Diazoalkanen, III
Authors: Reimlinger Hans
Published: June 2007

Bei der Reaktion von Chloroform und Base mit Diaryl‐diazomethanen entstehen die gem. Dihalogenäthylene und bei sterischer Abschirmung des basischen C‐Atoms daneben 1‐Dichlormethylen‐2‐diarylmethylen‐hydrazine (gemischte Azine). Die relativ hohe Stabilität der letzteren bestätigt den postulierten Carben‐Chemismus nicht nur für diese Reaktion, sondern auch für die DOERING‐Reaktion. Die Thermolyseprodukte dieser gemischten Azine weisen auf einen Zerfall in Dichlorcarben und Diaryl‐diazomethan hin. 1.3‐Diphenyl‐imidazolidinyliden‐(2) addiert sich, wie auch gleichzeitig H. W. WANZLICK zeigen konnte, an den Diazostickstoff unter Bildung des gemischten Azins.
Stickstoffhaltige Steroide, VIII. Darstellung von Aziridinen
Authors: Ponsold Kurt
Published: June 2007

Die Reduktion von vicinalen Azidoalkohol‐methansulfonsäureestern mit Hydrazinhydrat/Raney‐Nickel führt zu Aziridinen. Die Struktur der Aziridine wurde durch Desaminierung mit salpetriger Säure zu den entsprechenden ungesättigten Verbindungen gesichert. Einige Derivate der Aziridine wurden dargestellt.
Umsetzung von Steroidketonen mit Sulfonium‐Yliden
Authors: Drefahl Günther , Ponsold Kurt , Schick Hans
Published: June 2007

Die Umsetzung von Δ5‐Androstenol‐(3β)‐on‐(17) und 5α‐Androstanol‐(3β)‐on‐(17) mit Dimethylsulfonium‐methylid zu 17β.20‐Epoxy‐21‐nor‐pregnan‐Derivaten wird beschrieben. Die Reduktion der 17β.20‐Epoxy‐21‐nor‐pregnan‐Derivate führt zu 17β‐Hydroxy‐17α‐methyl‐androstan‐Derivaten und eröffnet einen neuen Syntheseweg für 17α‐Methyl‐testosteron.
Über N‐metallierte sek. Amine als Hydrid‐Donatoren
Authors: Wittig Georg , Frommeld Hans‐Dieter
Published: June 2007

Die über drei Stufen sich vollziehende Umsetzung von Benzophenon mit Lithiumdiäthylamid zu Benzhydrol und der Schiffschen Base III wurde eingehender untersucht, wobei sich zeigte, daß der Prozeß bei 0° innerhalb von einer Min. über alle Phasen hinweg beendet war. Nachdem festgestellt worden war, daß metallierte Anilinderivate zwar langsamer, aber im Falle des N‐[n‐Butyl]‐anilins praktisch quantitativ mit Benzophenon bis zu den Aldoladdukten durchreagierten, konnte am Lithium‐N‐benzyl‐anilid/Benzophenon‐Paar der in der ersten Stufe ablaufende Redoxvorgang in kinetischen Messungen als Reaktion zweiter Ordnung ermittelt werden.
Synthesen von 1‐Hydroxy‐dehydrochinolizinium‐, Oxa‐ und Aza‐dehydrochinoliziniumsalzen
Authors: Kröhnke Fritz , Schnegelberger Harald , Weis Willi
Published: June 2007

Es werden Wege zu 1‐Hydroxy‐dehydrochinolizinium‐ sowie zu Aza‐ und Oxadehydrochinoliziniumsalzen noch nicht bekannten Typs beschrieben.
Treatment of mechanical valve thrombosis during pregnancy
Authors: Choi Calvin , Midwall Scott , Chaille Peter , Conti C. R.
Published: June 2007

Pregnant patients with mechanical valves require anticoagulation. The risk of bleeding and embryopathy associated with oral anticoagulation must be weighed against the risk of valve thrombosis. In the presence of a mechanical valve thrombosis, an appropriate treatment modality must be selected, as it is critical for the health of mother and fetus. In this review, we present a pregnant patient with mechanical valve thrombosis (MVT) who underwent thrombolytic therapy, subsequent anticoagulation according to available guidelines, and delivered a healthy baby at full term. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Initial Heart Rate and Systolic Blood Pressure Predict Outcomes in Chronic Heart Failure Patients who are Evaluated for Cardiac Transplant
Authors: Aranda Juan M. , McIntyre Stephen E. , Klodell Charles T. , York Kaki M. , Dragstedt Carl A. , Chaille Peter J. , Conti Jamie B. , Pauly Daniel F. , Hill James A. , Schofield Richard S.
Published: June 2007

Background

Heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) are currently not considered among common clinical indicators of prognosis in patients referred for heart transplant (Htx). We sought to determine whether an initial hemodynamic profile of HR and SBP could be used to predict outcomes in chronic heart failure patients evaluated for Htx.

Methods

We analyzed the medical records of patients evaluated for Htx and obtained demographic and clinical data collected at the initial transplant clinic visit or inpatient encounter. We assigned patients to groups based on their HR and SBP. Groups were compared after follow‐up for differences in freedom from death or Htx.

Results

From 1999 to 2003, 400 consecutive patients were considered by the local Htx medical review board. The median duration of follow‐up was 26 months (interquartile range 1 to 45 months). Patients with initial ≥ 90 beats per minute (bpm) and initial SBP < 100 mmHg ((n = 34) had worse New York Heart Association functional class (p=0.02), lower cardiac output ((p =0.02 ), and greater hyponatremia (>0.001;). These patients were more likely to be hospitalized at the time of referral (p >0.001) and more likely to have experienced death or Htx during follow‐up than patients with other hemodynamic profiles (p = 0.001).

Conclusions

A hemodynamic profile of HR and SBP can be used with other prognostic indicators to identify high‐risk patients at the time of initial evaluation for Htx. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cardiac Manifestations of Parasitic Infections Part 3: Pericardial and Miscellaneous Cardiopulmonary Manifestations
Authors: Franco‐Paredes. Carlos , Rouphael Nadine , Méndez José , Folch Erik , Rodríguez‐Morales Alfonso J. , Santos José Ignacio , Hurst J. W.
Published: June 2007

This is part three of a three‐part series discussing parasites of the heart. In this section, we present an overview on parasitic diseases involving predominantly the pericardium and other miscellaneous cardiopulmonary manifestations such as some pulmonary hypertension syndromes and endomyocardial fibrosis. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Three‐dimensional Mohr–Coulomb limit analysis using semidefinite programming
Authors: Krabbenhøft K. , Lyamin A. V. , Sloan S. W.
Published: June 2007

Recently, Krabbenhøft et al. (Int. J. Solids Struct. 2007; 44:1533–1549) have presented a formulation of the three‐dimensional Mohr–Coulomb criterion in terms of positive‐definite cones. The capabilities of this formulation when applied to large‐scale three‐dimensional problems of limit analysis are investigated. Following a brief discussion on a number of theoretical and algorithmic issues, three common, but traditionally difficult, geomechanics problems are solved and the performance of a common primal–dual interior‐point algorithm (SeDuMi (Appl. Numer. Math. 1999; 29:301–315)) is documented in detail. Although generally encouraging, the results also reveal several difficulties which support the idea of constructing a conic programming algorithm specifically dedicated to plasticity problems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley
& Sons, Ltd.
Generation of a germ cell‐specific mouse transgenic Cre line, Vasa‐Cre
Authors: Gallardo Teresa , Shirley Lane , John George B. , Castrillon Diego H.
Published: June 2007

Cell type‐specific genetic modification using the Cre/loxP system is a powerful tool for genetic analysis of distinct cell lineages. Because of the exquisite specificity of Vasa expression (confined to the germ cell lineage in invertebrate and vertebrate species), we hypothesized that a Vasa promoter‐driven transgenic Cre line would prove useful for the germ cell lineage‐specific inactivation of genes. Here we describe a transgenic mouse line, Vasa‐Cre, where Cre is efficiently and specifically expressed in germ cells. Northern analysis showed that transgene expression was confined to the gonads. Cre‐mediated recombination with the Rosa26‐lacZ reporter was observed beginning at ∼e15, and was >95% efficient in male and female germ cells by birth. Although there was a potent maternal effect with some animals showing more widespread recombination, there was no ectopic activity in most adults. This Vasa‐Cre transgenic line should thus prove useful for genetic analysis of diverse aspects of gametogenesis and as a general deletor line. genesis 45:413–417, 2007. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Helicobacter pylori polyclonally activates murine CD4+ T cells in the absence of antigen‐presenting cells
Authors: Rosenplänter Christine , Sommer Frank , Kleemann Peter , Belkovets Anna , Schmidt Annette , Lohoff Michael
Published: June 2007

Helicobacter pylori is a Gram‐negative bacterium that causes a variety of gastrointestinal diseases, such as duodenal ulcer and gastric carcinoma. The T cell response against H. pylori is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of these diseases. Here, we show that mouse‐adapted H. pylori is able to polyclonally activate murine CD4+ T lymphocytes, irrespective of their antigen specificity. Murine T helper cell clones as well as short‐term cultured, polyclonal Th1 and Th2 cell lines and a human T cell clone, but not naive CD4+ T cells, could be activated in this manner. The effect was independent of antigen‐presenting cells and required direct contact between H. pylori and T cells. Only whole cells of H. pylori, but not lysates or sonicates were able to activate T cells. The activity was lost after long‐term culture of H. pylori on agar‐plates. Degradation of H. pylori proteins with specific peptidases dramatically reduced the stimulating ability, implicating that the responsible molecule is likely to be a protein. This unexpected polyclonal T cell stimulatory mechanism may contribute to the T cell‐mediated pathogenicity characteristic for H. pylori–mediated diseases.
A Facile and Reliable Method for the Synthesis of Tetrabenzoporphyrin from 4,7‐Dihydroisoindole
Authors: Filatov Mikhail A. , Cheprakov Andrei V. , Beletskaya Irina P.
Published: June 2007

A new route to tetrabenzoporphyrins from the closest possible precursor of the unstable isoindole was developed. A key feature of this route is a dramatic facilitation of thearomatization of annelated rings, which is the most serious bottleneck in previous syntheses of tetrabenzoporphyrins. The capabilities of the new method are illustrated by the synthesis of meso‐tetraaryltetrabenzoporphyrins, as well as the first unambiguous synthesis and characterization of 5,15‐diphenyltetrabenzoporphyrin.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Amphiphilic Pyrene‐Functionalized Dendrons: Synthesis and Intermolecular Interactions
Authors: Ebel Alexander , Donaubauer Wolfgang , Hampel Frank , Hirsch Andreas
Published: June 2007

The synthesis of new functional amphiphiles 4 and 7 synthesized by DCC coupling of pyrenebutyric acid with first‐ and second‐generation Newkome‐type aminodendrons is reported. The crystal structure of the free amphiphilic tricarboxylic acid 4 exhibits efficient and cooperative usage of all possible hydrogen‐bonding sites as well as π‐stacking interactions. In contrast, no face‐to‐face π‐stacking is observed in the single‐crystal structure of the tert‐butyl‐protected precursor molecule 3. As determined by DOSY‐NMR spectroscopy, the second‐generation amphiphile 7 forms small micelles in aqueous solutions with a diameter of about 4 nm. Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic investigations show that amphiphile 7 is able to promote the transfer of the apolar perylene dye 8 into the aqueous phase. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Stereoselective Syntheses of the Octahydropyrano[2,3‐b]pyridine DE Core of 'Upenamide via a Stannous Chloride‐Induced Deacetalisation–Cyclisation Procedure
Authors: Ménard‐Moyon Cécilia , Taylor Richard J. K.
Published: June 2007

Two stereoselective syntheses of the octahydropyrano[2,3‐b]pyridine DE hemiaminal core of the macrocyclic alkaloid 'upenamide are described. The syntheses proceeded through an efficient stannous chloride‐induced deacetalisation–cyclisation procedure. The aza‐annulation was stereoselective affording a single stereoisomer having the same relative configuration as in the natural product. The cis ring junction and the cis relationship between 2‐H and 8a‐H were established by NMR spectroscopy and confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. An asymmetric synthesis of the octahydropyrano[2,3‐b]pyridine ring system is also disclosed.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
The Prevalence of Disordered Eating Attitudes and Behaviours in Black‐American and White‐American College Women: Ethnic, Regional, Class, and Media Differences
Authors: Edwards‐Hewitt Terilee , Gray James J.
Published: June 2007

The prevalence of eating disorders and severely distorted eating attitudes and behaviours in both white‐American and black‐American populations is reported to have increased during the past decade. College students of different racial groups were studied to examine the levels of clinical and subclinical eating disorders. Three college populations were used: Two from predominantly black‐American universities, and one from a predominantly white‐American university in the United States. The tendency toward anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in behaviours and attitudes in black‐American and white‐American college women was compared as well as the subjects' socioeconomic status, region, race, cultural identification, and influences by the media and friends.

A questionnaire was completed by 379 female students. Attitudes and behaviours about eating, dieting, and body image were measured using standardized tests of disordered eating. An acculturation measure was also completed by each subject. Differences were found between racial groups for the behaviours and attitudes of bulimia nervosa and binge eating: White‐Americans were more likely to be identified with the behaviours of bulimia nervosa than black‐Americans, and white‐Americans were significantly more likely to binge eat than black‐Americans. Subjects with the behaviours and attitudes of subclinical eating disorders were more likely to know friends with eating disorders, while those subjects with the behaviours and attitudes of bulimia nervosa and subclinical eating disorders read significantly more articles in magazines about eating disorders. In addition, subjects from the South region of the United States scored significantly lower on the Body Dissatisfaction subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory than subjects from the Northeast or North Central regions. There were no significant differences due to socioeconomic status, acculturation, or television influences in the occurrence of eating disorders.
The link between anorexia nervosa and excessive exercise: A review
Authors: Le Grange Daniel , Eisler Ivan
Published: June 2007

A frequent theme in the literature is the link between anorexia nervosa and other disorders, such as affective illness. In recent years, however, more specific proposals have been made suggesting that some individuals who engage in high levels of sporting activity (in particular long distance running) might themselves have a disorder which is in some ways analogous to anorexia nervosa. There is a certain innate appeal to this proposal and it would appear as if there are many descriptive similarities between patients with anorexia nervosa and individuals who exercise to excess. Excessive physical activity has long been known to be one of the features commonly found amongst those suffering from an eating disorder. In this paper we review the literature and critically explore the link between excessive exercise (EXE) and anorexia nervosa (AN). Directions for future research in this area are also pointed out.
Eating disorders in boarding schools: A survey of school matrons
Authors: Stewart Mary , Troop Nicholas , Todd Gillian , Treasure Janet
Published: June 2007

A questionnaire survey was conducted among 160 boarding school matrons to investigate how many had encountered eating disorders amongst their pupils, as well as how they had managed these cases. Of the 114 usable responses, 78 (68 per cent) reported coming across a pupil with either anorexia or bulimia. Although medical care was the most frequent course of action, only 24 respondents (21 per cent) felt it had been helpful. Fifty‐one per cent of matrons who had encountered a pupil with an eating disorder felt that there was not enough help available, most calling for more information and education about eating disorders. The findings highlight the role that schools have in recognizing eating disorders at an early stage and have implications for prevention programmes.
A controlled evaluation of hypnobehavioural treatment for bulimia nervosa: Immediate pre‐post treatment effects
Authors: Griffiths Rosalyn A. , Hadzi‐Pavlovic Dusan , Channon‐Little Lorna
Published: June 2007

The study reports the pre‐post findings from a controlled comparative evaluation of treatments for bulimia nervosa. These pre‐post results allow comparison of the hypnobehavioural and cognitive behavioural treatments with a waiting list control group and a comparison of the immediate effects of the two modalities. One hundred and thirty subjects were screened to enter the study. Seventy‐eight subjects entered the investigation after being randomly allocated to either a waiting list control group, or to hypnobehavioural or cognitive behavioural groups. The treatments were delivered individually and matched in duration (8 weeks) and the number of sessions. Pre to posttreatment outcome indicated significant differences between the control group and the two treatments in reductions in bulimic behaviours and related eating pathology. The immediate effects of both treatments were equal. There were no differences at posttreatment between the treatments in abstinence from either bingeing or purging. The treatment effects were also similar to the immediate effects obtained by longer therapeutic approaches.
Bulimic attitudes among Asian and Caucasian schoolgirls
Authors: Waller Glenn , Coakley Margaret , Richards Lorna
Published: June 2007

Cultural issues appear to play an important role in the eating problems of adolescents. Asian adolescent girls living in the U.K. have unusually high levels of eating psychopathology, with a particular emphasis on bulimic behaviours and attitudes. This study examines these cultural differences in bulimic eating patterns in more detail among a group of adolescent schoolgirls living in the U.K. A complex pattern of eating attitudes emerged. Asian girls were more likely to fast, but Caucasian girls binged more often than the Asians. Possible explanations for these two patterns of bulimic psychopathology are considered, including cultural differences in normal eating practices and in responses to emotional stressors.
Binge eating disorder: Description and proposed treatment
Authors: Romano Steven J. , Quinn Linda
Published: June 2007

Binge eating disorder affects a significant proportion of obese individuals seeking treatment. Current approaches to the treatment of obesity can often frustrate, even exacerbate binge eating. Clarification of associated eating disturbances and description of the syndrome of binge eating disorder are discussed. A proposed treatment for group psychotherapy is described, based on effective cognitive‐behavioural therapy of bulimia nervosa.
Training in classical dance in childhood and adolescence: What influence on bulimia nervosa in adult patients?
Authors: Archinard Marc , Scherer Ursula
Published: June 2007

EDI‐scores of two groups of patients (one with no or relatively short and one with extended training in classical ballet dancing in the past) in treatment at an outpatient clinic for eating disorders were compared. The two groups were not different on main clinical characteristics or on a composite variable Bulimic Syndrome (based on a factor analysis) in which scores on the EDI‐subscales Bulimia, Body Dissatisfaction, and Interpersonal Distrust were combined. Significant differences were found for Emotional Deficiency (Interoceptive Awareness and Maturity Fears) and Performance Striving (Drive for Thinness, Perfectionism, and Ineffectiveness), patients with extended ballet training in the past having significantly higher scores.
Dissociation, dieting disorders and hypnosis: A review
Authors: Griffiths Rosalyn A. , Channon‐Little Lorna D.
Published: June 2007

This paper gives an account of the relationship between hypnosis, hypnotizability, dissociation and disordered eating. A detailed update of the outcome of studies employing hypnotic techniques in the treatment of the two dieting disorders anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa is provided. The role of dissociation and the contribution of hypnosis is evaluated.
Disordered eating behaviour and attitudes towards weight and shape in polish Women
Authors: Wlodarczyk‐Bisaga Katarzyna , Dolan Bridget , McCluskey Sara , Lacey Hubert
Published: June 2007

Two groups of Polish women, 198 factory workers and 196 students completed the EAT‐26, the BITE (Bulimia Investigatory Test‐Edinburgh) and the HAD (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire). Group comparison showed that the students had significantly higher levels of disordered eating attitudes and bulimic symptoms. In the students, 16 per cent scored above clinical cut‐off point on the EAT and 69 per cent on the BITE (workers 3 per cent and 2 per cent respectively). The EAT scores of the students were significantly positively correlated with ratings of anxiety and depression whilst for the working women there was no significant association. We discuss how recent socio‐cultural and political changes may be pertinent to our findings, yet request caution when imposing Western classifications without investigating culturally indigenous categories of illness.
Symptoms of obsessive‐compulsive disorder in hospitalized eating disorder patients: A study using the maudsley obsessional‐compulsive inventory (MOCI)
Authors: Beumont Clare C. , Beumont Pierre J. V. , Touyz Stephen W.
Published: June 2007

Thirty‐one consecutive admissions with either anorexia or bulimia nervosa (DSM III R) were examined by the Maudsley Obsessional‐Compulsive Inventory (MOCI). Nutritional status was documented by Body Mass Index (BMI), eating disorder psychopathology by the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) and the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI) and depression by the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck). MOCI scores were significantly higher than normative values, conflicting with previous reports using the same instrument, but supporting earlier studies which had employed the Leyton Obsessional Inventory (LOI). The MOCI score correlated with three subscales in the EDI, but none of the other measures. There were no significant differences in MOCI scores between anorexia and bulimia nervosa patients, or between patients with restricting or purging presentations. As the MOCI is a measure of obsessive‐compulsive symtomatology, distinct both from those features of eating disorders which may resemble obsessional symptoms and from obsessional personality traits, the findings suggest a positive association of eating disorders with obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD).
Experimental multipath component characteristics for short range urban propagation environments
Authors: Skentos N. D. , Marousis A. D. , Kanatas A. G. , Constantinou P.
Published: June 2007

This paper presents results on the parameters of multipath components extracted from wideband measured Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) channel matrices. Experimental data were collected with wideband channel sounding measurements at 5.2 GHz in a microcell urban environment, under line of sight propagation conditions. The double directional and propagation delay parameter values of the dominant multipaths are estimated using the multidimensional parameter estimation algorithm. The results presented provide information in the context of parametric MIMO channel characterisation, refer to the number of identified waves and focus on the path weights' characteristics. Additionally, the extracted multipath estimates are used to synthesise MIMO matrices that are compared to the directly measured data. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies of fundamental physical–chemical mechanisms and processes of flame extinguishing by powder aerosols
Authors: Krasnyansky Mikhail
Published: June 2007

Theoretical and experimental studies on mechanisms of interaction of the fire‐extinguishing aerosol with flame are carried out. The factors of heterogeneous inhibition of flame free radicals (O, OH, H, CHx) on a crystal surface of inorganic salts being the basic components of fire‐extinguishing powders and aerosols are measured using laboratory equipment. The semi‐empirical calculations by methods of quantum chemistry for heterogeneous and homogeneous inhibition reactions of burning are executed. The thermal mechanism for fire extinguishing is evaluated. The universal mechanism of influence on flame of a crystal surface of a fire‐extinguishing powder particle is offered. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What is the relationship between income inequality and health? Evidence from the BHPS
Authors: Lorgelly Paula K. , Lindley Joanne
Published: June 2007

Income inequality hypotheses propose that income differentials and/or income distributions have a detrimental effect on health. This previously well accepted relationship between inequality and health has recently come under scrutiny; some claim that it is a statistical artefact, arguing that aggregate level data are not sophisticated enough to adequately test for (and discriminate between) their existence. Supporters argue that it is a question of estimating the relationship using, amongst other things, an appropriate geographical scale. This paper adds to the debate by estimating the relationship between income inequality and health using individual panel data, exploring the relationship at the regional as well as the national level, while attempting to discriminate between the competing hypotheses. Pooled, random and fixed effects ordered probit models are exploited to estimate the relationship between self‐reported health and household income, income inequality and relative income. While the estimating regressions find support for the absolute income hypothesis, there is no support for the income inequality hypothesis or relative income hypothesis, and as such we argue that there is limited evidence of an effect of income inequality on health within Britain. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scour around a side‐weir at a 30° section of a 180° alluvial curved channel
Authors: Ağaçcioğlu Hayrullah , Önen Fevzi , Toprak Z. Fuat
Published: June 2007

Local depths of clear‐water scour around side‐weirs
located at a 30° section of a 180° alluvial bend have been investigated experimentally in this paper. Relations between the depth of clear‐water scour as a function of time and approach flow intensity have been established. Regression analysis has been applied between the equilibrium depth of scour and the dimensionless parameters of approach flow intensity (V1/Vc, approach flow velocity/critical velocity at the threshold conditions of bed material), water head ratio ((h1− p)/h1, weir head over the side‐weir/water depth in the main channel), and weir crest height (b/p, width of main channel/side‐weir crest height) at θ = 30°. Although there is no scour when approach flow intensity is less than 0.55, the scour equilibrium depth increases almost linearly with the ratio of approach flow intensity, and the maximum value of scour depth occurs at a depth when the approach flow intensity is equal to 1.0 at the 30° section of a 180° alluvial curved channel. The location of the maximum scour hole occurs at the downstream of side‐weir sections close to the outer bank of the main channel and it moves toward the downstream direction with an increase of the dimensionless parameters of approach flow intensity as well as the water head ratio, the weir crest height and the side‐weir length (L/r, length of side‐weir/radius of main channel from the bend centre). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electric field convergence versus atomic basis sets in all‐siliceous zeolites
Authors: Larin A. V. , Trubnikov D. N. , Vercauteren D. P.
Published: June 2007

The electrostatic potential (EP) and electric field (EF) are calculated in the TON and CHA zeolites using periodic hybrid B3LYP, PBE, and PW91 functionals considering eight basis sets. Relative root mean square differences between the EP or EF values estimated between the different basis sets are evaluated in several domains available for adsorbate molecules in both zeolites. The EP is interpreted in terms of ionicity of the framework. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008
Some constructions for block sequences of Steiner quadruple systems with error correcting consecutive unions
Authors: Momihara Koji , Jimbo Masakazu
Published: June 2007

In this article, we investigate a block sequence of a Steiner quadruple system which contains the blocks exactly once such that the collection of all blocks together with all unions of two consecutive blocks of the sequence forms an error correcting code with minimum distance four. In particular, we give two recursive constructions and obtain infinitely many such sequences by utilizing individual sequences as starters of the recursions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 16: 152–163, 2008
Teaching evidence‐based practice: Implications for psychology
Authors: Collins Frank L. , Leffingwell Thad R. , Belar Cynthia D.
Published: June 2007

A movement advocating the use of evidence‐based practice (EBP) is increasingly influencing health care and the practice of psychology. Thus, teaching evidence‐based practice in psychology (EBPP) is critical to the preparation of future health service psychologists. In this article, the authors address common myths associated with EBP, propose core components involved in teaching EBPP, and describe an example of how such training can be incorporated into a professional psychology education and training curriculum. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 63: 657–670, 2007.
Evidence‐based practice in psychology: Perceptions of graduate students in scientist–practitioner programs
Authors: Luebbe Aaron M. , Radcliffe Alison M. , Callands Tamora A. , Green Debbie , Thorn Beverly E.
Published: June 2007

The evidence‐based practice movement in psychology (EBPP) is a relatively recent initiative to improve client care by integrating the best available research evidence with clinicians' expertise in the context of patient values and preferences. As this movement gains momentum in the field of psychology, training programs will likely need to modify their curricula to include training in the process of EBPP. An online survey was conducted of clinical psychology graduate students in programs that identified themselves as having a scientist–practitioner or clinical science model
(N = 1,195). Understanding of, experiences with, attitudes towards, and training in EBPP was assessed. Students had a generally favorable view of psychology's move toward EBPP. Although students reported a moderate amount of exposure to and experiences with EBPP, misunderstandings about the principles of EBPP were prevalent. Compared to students planning primarily clinical practice careers, students planning primarily clinical research careers were more favorable towards EBPP, expected EBPP to be more influential in their future careers, and were more likely to use research, but less likely to use client preferences to guide treatment planning. Recommendations for modifying training programs to promote EBPP are discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 63: 643–655, 2007.
Bone formation following OP‐1 implantation is improved by addition of autogenous bone marrow cells in a canine femur defect model
Authors: Takigami Hidetake , Kumagai Ken , Latson Larry , Togawa Daisuke , Bauer Thomas , Powell Kimerly , Butler Robert S. , Muschler George F.
Published: June 2007

Osteogenic Protein‐1 (OP‐1, BMP‐7) acts locally on connective tissue progenitors (CTPs) to induce bone formation. The response to OP‐1 and similar agents is potentially limited by the number of local CTPs. This study tested the hypothesis that supplementing local CTPs using autogenous bone marrow will enhance bone formation at an OP‐1 implant. Four 1.0‐cm diameter unicortical cylindrical defects in the left proximal femur were grafted in each of seven dogs. Radial ingrowth of new bone formation was assessed at 4 weeks using micro CT. The OP‐1 (3.5 mg rhOP‐1 in 1 g bovine collagen I matrix) was implanted in each site combined with either clotted blood or aspirated bone marrow (BM). Bone formation was increased in the group augmented with transplanted marrow. These data suggest that increasing the local population of cells and CTPs using aspirated bone marrow can enhance the performance of OP‐1, but may not eliminate the effects of site variation on the response to OP‐1 and similar agents. The canine multiple femoral defect model defined in this study is well suited to quantitatively evaluate strategies for augmenting bone repair using local cell targeting and cell transplantation strategies. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1333–1342, 2007
Regenerative medicine in orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Corsi Karin A. , Schwarz Edward M. , Mooney David J. , Huard Johnny
Published: June 2007

Regenerative medicine holds great promise for orthopaedic surgery. As surgeons continue to face challenges regarding the healing of diseased or injured musculoskeletal tissues, regenerative medicine aims to develop novel therapies that will replace, repair, or promote tissue regeneration. This review article will provide an overview of the different research areas involved in regenerative medicine, such as stem cells, bioinductive factors, and scaffolds. The potential use of stem cells for orthopaedic tissue engineering will be addressed by presenting the current progress with skeletal muscle–derived stem cells. As well, the development of a revascularized massive allograft will be described and will serve as a prototypic model of orthopaedic tissue engineering. Lastly, we will describe current approaches used to design cell instructive materials and how they can be used to promote and regulate the formation of bony tissue. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1261–1268, 2007
Simultaneous measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusivities in pear fruit tissue using optical sensors
Authors: Tri Ho Quang , Verlinden Bert E , Verboven Pieter , Vandewalle Stefan , Nicolaï Bart M
Published: June 2007

Gas diffusion properties of pear tissue are important in relation to gas exchange of the fruit with its environment during storage. In this contribution, a set‐up for measuring tissue diffusivity using fluorescent optical probes was developed. O2 and CO2 diffusivities were determined simultaneously based on a finite element model describing simultaneous O2 and CO2 gas transport as well as respiration in the tissue. The effect of variations on the diffusion set‐up conditions such as the volume of the measurement chamber and thickness of the sample on the accuracy of the estimated diffusivities was investigated using a sensitivity analysis on simulated data. The optical sensors produced good informative O2 and CO2 partial pressure versus time profiles. The average O2 and CO2 diffusivity of pear cortex tissue was (2.56 ± 0.48) × 10−10 m2 s−1 and (3.8 ± 1.1) × 10−9 m2 s−1, respectively. The coefficient of variation of diffusivity of O2 and CO2 in pear tissue due to bias, variation of the sample thickness and volume of the measurement chamber was 2.0–2.3% and 2.1–2.4% for a measurement chamber volume between 7.5 and 15 mL and a tissue thickness of 1–2.5 mm, respectively. The variability of estimated diffusivities due to measurement errors was eight times smaller than the biological variability. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
An implicit–explicit solution method for electro‐osmotic flow through three‐dimensional micro‐channels
Authors: Singh S. P. , Nithiarasu P. , Eng P. F. , Lewis R. W. , Arnold A. K.
Published: June 2007

This paper presents a comprehensive finite‐element modelling approach to electro‐osmotic flows on unstructured meshes. The non‐linear equation governing the electric potential is solved using an iterative algorithm. The employed algorithm is based on a preconditioned GMRES scheme. The linear Laplace equation governing the external electric potential is solved using a standard pre‐conditioned conjugate gradient solver. The coupled fluid dynamics equations are solved using a fractional step‐based, fully explicit, artificial compressibility scheme. This combination of an implicit approach to the electric potential equations and an explicit discretization to the Navier–Stokes equations is one of the best ways of solving the coupled equations in a memory‐efficient manner. The local time‐stepping approach used in the solution of the fluid flow equations accelerates the solution to a steady state faster than by using a global time‐stepping approach. The fully explicit form and the fractional stages of the fluid dynamics equations make the system memory efficient and free of pressure instability. In addition to these advantages, the proposed method is suitable for use on both structured and unstructured meshes with a highly non‐uniform distribution of element sizes. The accuracy of the proposed procedure is demonstrated by solving a basic micro‐channel flow problem and comparing the results against an analytical solution. The comparisons show excellent agreement between the numerical and analytical data. In addition to the benchmark solution, we have also presented results for flow through a fully three‐dimensional rectangular channel to further demonstrate the application of the presented method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome causative Glypican‐3, binds to and inhibits the dipeptidyl peptidase activity of CD26
Authors: Davoodi Jamshid , Kelly John , Gendron Nathalie H. , MacKenzie Alex E.
Published: June 2007

Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome (SGBS) is an X‐linked condition shown to be the result of deletions of the glypican‐3 (GPC3) gene. GPC3 is a proteoglycan localized to the cell membrane via a glycosylphosphatidyl‐inositol (GPI) anchor. To further elucidate the GPC3 function(s), we have screened various cell lines for proteins that interact with GPC3, resulting in the isolation of a 115 kDa protein, identified as CD26. The interaction occurred with both the glycosylated and unglycosylated forms of GPC3 and led to the inhibition of CD26 peptidase activity. Moreover, introduction of CD26 into Cos‐1 cells was accompanied by the up‐regulation of cell growth, while inclusion of recombinant GPC3 in the media reduced the growth of CD26 transfected Cos‐1 cells, drastically. Furthermore, HepG2 C3A cells containing CD26 underwent apoptosis in the presence of recombinant GPC3 in both concentration and time‐dependant manner. In light of the fact that inhibition of CD26 reduces the rate of cell proliferation, we propose that a number of physical findings observed in SGBS patients may be a consequence of a direct interaction of GPC3 with CD26. Furthermore, GPC3 without the GPI anchor is capable of inducing apoptosis indicating that neither the GPI anchor nor the membrane attachment is required for apoptosis induction.
Broad spectrum identification of SUMO substrates in melanoma cells
Authors: Ganesan Anand K. , Kho Yoonjung , Kim Sung Chan , Chen Yue , Zhao Yingming , White Michael A.
Published: June 2007

Like phosphorylation, protein sumoylation likely represents a dynamic PTM to alter protein function in support of cell regulatory systems. The broad‐spectrum impact of transient or chronic engagement of signal transduction cascades on protein sumoylation has not been explored. Here, we find that epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation evokes a rapid alteration in small ubiquitin modifier (SUMO) target selection, while oncogene expression alters steady‐state SUMO‐protein profiles. A proteomic SUMO target analysis in melanoma cells identified proteins involved in cellular signaling, growth control, and neural differentiation.
Proteome analysis of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) cell line SHK‐1 following recombinant IFN‐γ stimulation
Authors: Martin Samuel A. M. , Mohanty Bimal P. , Cash Phillip , Houlihan Dominic F. , Secombes Christopher J.
Published: June 2007

Type II IFN exists as a single molecule (IFN‐γ) in contrast to type I IFN, of which there are a number of different forms. IFN‐γ is involved both directly and indirectly in antiviral activity, stimulation of bactericidal activity, antigen presentation and activation of macrophages. Recently IFN‐γ was cloned from a salmonid fish, the rainbow trout and a functional recombinant protein produced exhibited IFN‐γ activity. This recombinant IFN‐γ was used to stimulate an Atlantic salmon cell line, SHK‐1, to monitor the changes in protein expression by proteomic analysis 24 h after stimulation compared to unstimulated control cells. An SHK‐1 cell proteome map was developed and proteins altered in abundance by the IFN‐γ stimulation were identified. Under the analytical conditions used, 22 proteins were found to be altered in abundance, 15 increased and 7 decreased. Several proteins were excised from the gel and identified, following trypsin digestion and MALDI‐MS/MS/LC‐MS and database interrogation. Transcriptional analysis of five mRNAs encoding proteins increased in abundance by IFN‐γ in the proteome analysis was determined by real‐time PCR. We assessed the correlation between gene expression and change in abundance of proteins for these genes.
Proteome analysis of the rat hepatic stellate cells under high concentrations of glucose
Authors: Kim Pan‐Kyeom , Kim Mi‐Ryung , Kim Hyun‐Jung , Yoo Hyun‐Syuk , Kim Ji‐Soo , Cho Eun‐Hee , Kim Chan‐Wha
Published: June 2007

To study the change in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) function under diabetic conditions, we cultured rat HSC in the presence of 5 and 30 mM glucose, which correspond to blood glucose concentrations during the early and late stages of diabetes, respectively. The differentially expressed HSC proteins were analyzed using 2‐DE and ESI‐Q‐TOF MS/MS and confirmed with Western blotting. The changed protein expression will provide greater understanding of glycolysis in HSC at the high concentration of glucose.
Analysis of modified apolipoprotein B‐100 structures formed in oxidized low‐density lipoprotein using LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Obama Takashi , Kato Rina , Masuda Yutaka , Takahashi Katsuhiko , Aiuchi Toshihiro , Itabe Hiroyuki
Published: June 2007

Oxidatively modified low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is one of the major factors involved in the development of atherosclerosis. Because of the insolubility of apolipoprotein B‐100 (apoB‐100) and the heterogeneous nature of oxidative modification, modified structures of apoB‐100 in oxLDL are poorly understood. We applied an on‐Membrane sample preparation procedure for LC‐MS/MS analysis of apoB‐100 proteins in native and modified low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) samples to eliminate lipid components in the LDLs followed by collection of tryptic digests of apoB‐100. Compared with a commonly used in‐gel digestion protocol, the sample preparation procedure using PVDF membrane greatly increased the recovery of tryptic peptides and resulted in improved sequence coverage in the final analysis, which lead to the identification of modified amino acid residues in copper‐induced oxLDL. A histidine residue modified by 4‐hydroxynonenal, a major lipid peroxidation product, as well as oxidized histidine and tryptophan residues were detected. LC‐MS/MS in combination with the on‐Membrane sample preparation procedure is a useful method to analyze highly hydrophobic proteins such as apoB‐100.