bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recycling of chromium wastes from the tanning industry to produce ceramic nanopigments
Authors: Cunha Graziele da Costa , Peixoto Janaina Alves , de Souza Daiane Requião , Romão Luciane Pimenta Cruz , Macedo Zélia Soares
Published: June 2016

Growth in the use of colored ceramics and the demand for better quality have stimulated research into the development of new classes of pigments with superior durability and color reproducibility, which can be produced using inexpensive, straightforward, and eco-friendly synthesis procedures.
X-ray spectroscopic analysis of Liesegang patterns in Mn–Fe-based Prussian blue analogs
Authors: Hayashi Hisashi , Abe Hitoshi
Published: June 2016

We performed time-resolved X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and position-dependent X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) measurements on Liesegang patterns in Mn–Fe-based Prussian blue analogs.
Protection of human γB-crystallin from UV-induced damage by epigallocatechin gallate: spectroscopic and docking studies
Authors: Chaudhury Susmitnarayan , Bag Sudipta , Bose Madhuparna , Das Amit Kumar , Ghosh Ananta Kumar , Dasgupta Swagata
Published: June 2016

The transparency of the human eye lens depends on the solubility and stability of the structural proteins of the eye lens, the crystallins.
Radiolabeled analogs of neurotensin (8–13) containing multiple 1,2,3-triazoles as stable amide bond mimics in the backbone
Authors: Mascarin Alba , Valverde Ibai E. , Mindt Thomas L.
Published: June 2016

Substitution of multiple amide bonds by metabolically stable 1,2,3-triazoles yields novel tumour-targeting neurotensin-based peptidomimetics with interesting biological properties.
Carbon nanohorns allow acceleration of osteoblast differentiationviamacrophage activation
Authors: Hirata Eri , Miyako Eijiro , Hanagata Nobutaka , Ushijima Natsumi , Sakaguchi Norihito , Russier Julie , Yudasaka Masako , Iijima Sumio , Bianco Alberto , Yokoyama Atsuro
Published: June 2016

Carbon nanohorns have been used to enhance the rate of differentiaton of mesenchymal stem cells into obsteoblastsviamacrophage activation.
Insights into the structural patterns of the antileishmanial activity of bi- and tricyclic N-heterocycles
Authors: Herrera Lizzi , Stephens David E. , D'Avila Abigail , George Kathryn G. , Arman Hadi , Zhang Yu , Perry George , Lleonart Ricardo , Larionov Oleg V. , Fernández Patricia L.
Published: June 2016

Synthesis and discovery of new 1,2-oxazine-containing heterocycles with antileishmanial activity is described.
Copper-catalyzed retro-aldol reaction of β-hydroxy ketones or nitriles with aldehydes: chemo- and stereoselective access to (E)-enones and (E)-acrylonitriles
Authors: Zhang Song-Lin , Deng Zhu-Qin
Published: June 2016

A mild and efficient copper-catalyzed retro-aldol reaction of β-hydroxy ketones or nitriles with benzaldehydes produces chemo-, regio- and stereoselectively (E)-enones and (E)-acrylonitriles.
Preparation of 3-azoindoles and 3-hydrazonoindolin-2-imines as well as their applications as NNO pincer ligands for boron
Authors: Ding Hualong , Peng Zhixing , Wang Jinjin , Lu Ping , Wang Yanguang
Published: June 2016

Potassium carbonate-promoted coupling reactions between 3-diazoindolin-2-imines and nucleophiles were tested.
A general iodine-mediated synthesis of primary sulfonamides from thiols and aqueous ammonia
Authors: Feng Jian-Bo , Wu Xiao-Feng
Published: June 2016

An efficient, practical and green methodology for the synthesis of primary sulfonamides has been developed. Various types of thiols can be applied as substrates and the desired sulfonamides can be obtained in good to excellent yields.
Enhanced electromechanical performance in metal–MgO–ZnO tunneling diodes due to the insulator layers
Authors: Gu Yousong , Yang Xuhui , Guan Yilin , Migliorato Max A. , Zhang Yue
Published: June 2016

The enhanced electromechanical performance of metal–MgO–ZnO MISTDs is due to the highly strain sensitive energy barriers.
Highly enantioselective Pd-catalyzed indole allylic alkylation using binaphthyl-based phosphoramidite-thioether ligands
Authors: Feng Bin , Pu Xiao-Yu , Liu Zhi-Cheng , Xiao Wen-Jing , Chen Jia-Rong
Published: June 2016

A new type of phosphoramidite-thioether ligand has been developed for Pd-catalysed asymmetric C-3 allylic alkylation of indoles with excellent yields and enantioselectivities.
Superparamagnetic core–shell radical polymer brush as efficient catalyst for oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones
Authors: Yang Jian-Jhe , Li Chia-Chen , Yang Yi-Fei , Wang Chan-Yang , Lin Chun-Hao , Lee Jyh-Tsung
Published: June 2016

The conversion of catalytic oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones is more than 99% using a nitroxide polymer brush grafted on superparamagnetic nanoparticles as a catalyst. The catalyst can be easily recovered and reused.
Modified surface-active ionic liquid-coated magnetic graphene oxide as a new magnetic solid phase extraction sorbent for preconcentration of trace nickel
Authors: Aliyari Elnaz , Alvand Mahrouz , Shemirani Farzaneh
Published: June 2016

General procedure for preconcentration/recovery of nickel ions using modified surface-active ionic liquid-coated magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposite.
Oxidation of CO by N2O over Al- and Ti-doped graphene: a comparative study
Authors: Esrafili Mehdi D. , Mohammadian-Sabet Fariba , Nematollahi Parisa
Published: June 2016

In this work, we employ density functional theory calculations to investigate the CO oxidation mechanisms by N2O molecules over Al- or Ti-doped graphene (Al–/Ti–graphene).
Mineralization of anionic dyes over visible light responsive Cd(x)Zn(y)S–Nb2O5 heterostructured photocatalysts
Authors: Ghugal Sachin G. , Umare Suresh S. , Sasikala Rajamma
Published: June 2016

A novel, CdxZnyS–Nb2O5 heterostructured photocatalyst exhibits enhanced photocatalytic activity for the degradation and mineralization of anionic dyes such as AV 7, MO and IC.
Photocatalytic activity of an electrophoretically deposited composite titanium dioxide membrane using carbon cloth as a conducting substrate
Authors: Lalia Boor Singh , Garlisi Corrado , Palmisano Giovanni , Hashaikeh Raed
Published: June 2016

This is the first report where a polymer, namely poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF–HFP), has been used as a binder together with the electrophoretic deposition process.
Interaction between carisoprodol and bovine serum albumin and effect of β-cyclodextrin on binding: insights from molecular docking and spectroscopic techniques
Authors: Bolattin Mallavva B. , Nandibewoor Sharanappa T. , Joshi Shrinivas D. , Dixit Sheshagiri R. , Chimatadar Shivamurti A.
Published: June 2016

Interactions between the BSA and CAP in the docked model. Figure showing H-bonding interactions and carisoprodol surrounded by hydrophobic amino acids Leu249, Leu250 and Gly247 in subdomain IIA.
The byproduct generation analysis of the NOx conversion process in dielectric barrier discharge plasma
Authors: Zhang Yajie , Tang Xiaolong , Yi Honghong , Yu Qingjun , Wang Jiangen , Gao Fengyu , Gao Yueming , Li Dianze , Cao Yumeng
Published: June 2016

Abatement of NOx through non-thermal plasma (NTP) processes has been developed over the past several years.
Controlled biodegradation of polymers using nanoparticles and its application
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Maiti Pralay
Published: June 2016

Controlled biodegradation mechanism has been revealed using different nanoparticles which eventually regulate pH of media.
Self-assembly of a water soluble perylene and surfactant into fluorescent supramolecular ensembles sensitive to acetylcholinesterase activity
Authors: Grisci G. , Kozma E. , Mróz W. , Pagano K. , Ragona L. , Galeotti F.
Published: June 2016

A self-assembled supramolecular probe based on perylene diimide exhibits a ratiometric response to the enzymatic activity of AChE by a surfactochromic effect.
Application of nickel cobalt oxide nanoflakes for electrochemical sensing of estriol in milk
Authors: Fu Hui-Jun , Wang Yu , Dong Xiu-Xiu , Liu Yi-Xin , Chen Zi-Jian , Shen Yu-Dong , Yang Chi , Dong Jie-Xian , Xu Zhen-Lin
Published: June 2016

In this work, a nickel cobalt oxide (Ni/Co oxide) nanoflake based electrochemical sensor for the fast determination of estriol in milk is presented for the first time.
Controlled three-dimensional interconnected capillary structures for liquid repellency engineering
Authors: Bong Jihye , Ahn Changui , Lim Taekyung , Park Ju Hyun , Kwak Sang Kyu , Jeon Seokwoo , Ju Sanghyun
Published: June 2016

The wetting properties of solvents on highly periodic, porous substrates with various layer thicknesses of three-dimensional nanoshell structures of TiO2 with interconnected capillary spaces were demonstrated.
Heterogeneous Nb-containing catalyst/N,N-dimethylacetamide–salt mixtures: novel and efficient catalytic systems for the dehydration of fructose
Authors: Xue Zhimin , Cao Bobo , Zhao Wancheng , Wang Jinfang , Yu Tingting , Mu Tiancheng
Published: June 2016

Heterogeneous Nb-containing catalyst/N,N-dimethylacetamide–salt mixtures could be used as an efficient catalytic system for the dehydration of fructose to produce 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.
High-voltage capabilities of ultra-thin Nb2O5nanosheet coated LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2cathodes
Authors: Uchida S. , Zettsu N. , Hirata K. , Kami K. , Teshima K.
Published: June 2016

The surface coating of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3electrode with 1.1 nm Nb2O5nanosheet enhanced the high voltage capability and long term stability of the charged state at 60 °C by reducing the contact area between electrode and electrolyte.
First-principles study on the phase transition temperature of X-doped (X = Li, Na or K) VO2
Authors: Cui Yuanyuan , Wang Yongxin , Liu Bin , Luo Hongjie , Gao Yanfeng
Published: June 2016

The calculated electronic structures and optical properties indicate that K can be selected as an appropriate doping element for VO2, since it can effectively lower the phase transition temperature as well as enhance the near-infrared absorption.
Autoclave-free facile approach to the synthesis of highly tunable nanocrystal clusters for magnetic responsive photonic crystals
Authors: Dong Yixiao , Wen Bin , Chen Yanjun , Cao Pengqi , Zhang Chaocan
Published: June 2016

Art work conducted in normal glass containers: an alternative facile method for state-of-the-art magnetite nanocrystal clusters have been introduced.
Nanonization of g-C3N4with the assistance of activated carbon for improved visible light photocatalysis
Authors: Chen Xiaoyun , Kuo Dong-Hau , Lu Dongfang
Published: June 2016

Activated carbon was used as a support to obtain a nano-sized g-C3N4/AC catalyst with excellent activity for phenol degradation under visible light.
Rapid tumor bioimaging and photothermal treatment based on GSH-capped red fluorescent gold nanoclusters
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Li Jincheng , Jiang Hui , Zhao Chunqiu , Wang Xuemei
Published: June 2016

Au NCs used for fluorescent bioimaging and photothermal treatment through combining with porphyrin derivatives (TSPP).
Thermal and Lewis acid promoted intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction of furanose tethered 1,3,9-decatriene systems: a synthetic and computational investigation
Authors: Kalmode Hanuman P. , Maity Dilip K. , Bhate Prakash M.
Published: June 2016

The intramolecular Diels–Alder (IMDA) reaction of furanose tethered 1,3,9-decatrienes (4a–4r) was investigated under thermal conditions and in the presence of a Lewis acid.
A lotus root inspired implant system with fever responsive characteristics and 3D printing defined nano-antibiotic release patterns
Authors: Ding Xingwei , He Xiaoyi , Xue Chaowen , Wu Changwen , Xie Lin , Chen Tingtao , Wei Junchao , Cheng Xigao , Wang Xiaolei
Published: June 2016

Lotus root imitated scaffolds were fabricated with several critical releasing parameters could be prearranged. Furthermore, when postoperative infection caused hyperthermia occurred, the inner drugs, could be spontaneously released.
Controllable drug release system based on phase change molecules as gatekeepers for bimodal tumor therapy with enhanced efficacy
Authors: He Fei , Chen Yinyin , Li Chunxia , Deng Xiaoran , Liu Bin , Liu Bei , Huang Shanshan , Hou Zhiyao , Cheng Ziyong , Lin Jun
Published: June 2016

NIR- and pH-triggered DOX release in Cu9S5@mSiO2-PEG@DOX@TD multifunctional drug delivery.
Atmospheric chemistry of CF3(CX2)2CH2OH: rate coefficients and temperature dependence of reactions with chlorine atoms and the subsequent pathways of alkyl and alkoxy radicals (X = H, F)
Authors: Bai Feng-Yang , Liu You-Jun , Wang Xu , Sun Yan-Qiu , Pan Xiu-Mei
Published: June 2016

The atmospheric and kinetic properties of CF3(CX2)2CH2OH (X = H, F) with chlorine atoms were studied by density functional and canonical variational transition state theories in conjunction with the small-curvature tunneling correction.
Exploration of the preventive effect of S. lessoniana liver oil on cardiac markers, hematological patterns and lysosomal hydrolases in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in wistar rats: a novel report
Authors: Moovendhan Meivelu , Seedevi Palaniappan , Shanmugam Annaian , Vairamani Shanmugam
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this study was to explore thein vivocardioprotective potency of liver (digestive gland) oil fromS. lessonianaon isoproterenol induced myocardial infracted wistar rats.
Apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle arrest, cell invasion and BSA-binding studies in vitro of ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complexes
Authors: Lai Shang-Hai , Li Wei , Wang Xiu-Zhen , Zhang Cheng , Zeng Chuan-Chuan , Tang Bing , Wan Dan , Liu Yun-Jun
Published: June 2016

Four new ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complexes were synthesized and characterized. The anticancer activity was investigated by cytotoxicity in vitro, apoptosis, comet assay, ROS, autophagy, cell invasion and western blot analysis.
A double-layered Ge/carbon cloth integrated anode for high performance lithium ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Xiaohong , Chen Shimou , Yu Jia , Fang Daliang , Zhang Suojiang
Published: June 2016

A double-layered Ge coated carbon cloth composite as integrated electrode shows promising application in flexible lithium ion batteries.
A novel photoluminescence sensing system sensitive for and selective to bromate anions based on carbon dots
Authors: Li Ping , Sun Xiang-Ying , Shen Jiang-Shan , Liu Bin
Published: June 2016

A simple, highly sensitive and selective PL sensing method for bromate anions has been developed.
Novel RGO–ZnWO4–Fe3O4 nanocomposite as high performance visible light photocatalyst
Authors: Sadiq M. Mohamed Jaffer , Shenoy U. Sandhya , Bhat D. Krishna
Published: June 2016

Scalable, facile, template-free and rapid synthesis of high performance, eco-friendly photocatalysts using a microwave irradiation method for waste water treatment.
Conformational changes of polyelectrolyte chains in solvent mixtures
Authors: Araki Takeaki
Published: June 2016

When changing the interaction parameters in a solvent mixture, semi-flexible polyelectrolyte chains transform to compact conformations discontinuously.
A poly-(styrene-acrylonitrile) copolymer-derived hierarchical architecture in electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Jin Lu , Zeng Guobo , Wu Hua , Niederberger Markus , Morbidelli Massimo
Published: June 2016

A general methodology is proposed to produce active cathode/anode materials for lithium-ion batteries with a hierarchical structure.
Computational identification of promising thermoelectric materials among known quasi-2D binary compounds
Authors: Gorai Prashun , Toberer Eric S. , Stevanović Vladan
Published: June 2016

Quasi low-dimensional structures are abundant among known thermoelectric materials, primarily because of their low lattice thermal conductivities. In this work, 427 known binary quasi-2D structures in 272 different chemistries are assessed for their thermoelectric performance and candidate thermoelectrics are proposed.
Nanostructured Ti-based anode materials for Na-ion batteries
Authors: Mei Yueni , Huang Yunhui , Hu Xianluo
Published: June 2016

The recent developments of nanostructured Ti-based anode materials for Na-ion batteries are summarized and discussed.
An enhanced photoelectrochemical platform: graphite-like carbon nitride nanosheet-functionalized ZnO nanotubes
Authors: Zhang Yan , Yan Mei , Ge Shenguang , Ma Chao , Yu Jinghua , Song Xianrang
Published: June 2016

Large-scale two-dimensional graphite-like carbon nitride nanosheets with obvious upconversion properties were prepared by a liquid exfoliation route and used to functionalize ZnO nanotubes to construct a photoelectrochemical platform.
Birefringent dispersive FDTD subgridding scheme
Authors: De Deckere B. , Van Londersele A. , De Zutter D. , Vande Ginste D.
Published: June 2016

A novel 2D finite difference time domain (FDTD) subgridding method is proposed, only subject to the Courant limit of the coarse grid. By making μ or ε inside the subgrid dispersive, unconditional stability is induced at the cost of a sparse, implicit set of update equations. By only adding dispersion along preferential directions, it is possible to dramatically reduce the rank of the matrix equation that needs to be solved.
Fast active islanding detection method based on second harmonic drifting for inverter‐based distributed generation
Authors: Emadi Ali , Afrakhte Hosein , Sadeh Javad
Published: June 2016

Voltage drifting islanding detection methods (IDMs) force the voltage at point of common coupling (PCC) to move outside the appropriate limits, so that under/over voltage protection disconnects distributed generation (DG) units. This kind of IDMs does not possess the advantage of keeping micro‐grid energized after islanding occurrence. There are active IDMs without forcing the islanded micro‐grid to lose its stable operation but they degrade the power quality because of perturbation injection. In this study, an active IDM is proposed which makes the second harmonic of PCC voltage drift suddenly after islanding occurrence and pass a predefined threshold value without affecting the fundamental component. When islanding is detected the method is deactivated and the voltage and frequency remain in expected limits in the conditions of power balance. Another advantage of the proposed method is that it decreases the second harmonic of PCC voltage in grid‐connected mode and improves the power quality of system unlike other active IDMs. The UL 1741 test results show that the proposed method detects islanding occurrence in a multi‐inverter system in <100 ms. Also, the correct performance of the proposed method has been shown for non‐islanding conditions. The paper simulations are performed using PSCAD/EMTDC software.
Influence of fan‐shaped non‐uniform pollution on the electrical property of typical type HVDC insulator and insulation selection
Authors: Zhang Dongdong , Zhang Zhijin , Jiang Xingliang , Zhang Wei , Zhao Jiayao , Bi Maoqiang
Published: June 2016

Affected by long‐term crosswind, insulator surface will get coated with fan‐shaped non‐uniform pollution, which lowers insulator flashover voltage as previous study revealed. In this study, a further research in specific to HVDC line insulation is presented. Taking typical dc insulator as the sample, its dc flashover performance under fan‐shaped non‐uniform pollution was tested. Then the influence of that kind non‐uniformity was investigated through analysing the pollution layer residual resistance, the flashover process and critical flashover voltage. Finally the relevant HVDC insulation selection was made. Research results indicate that: under fan‐shaped non‐uniform pollution, insulator flashover voltage (U50) gets impaired, and is more obviously impaired by ratio J of windward to leeward side salt deposit density (SDD) than leeward side area proportion T; under various T and J, there is still an exponential relationship between U50 and SDD; under fan‐shaped non‐uniform pollution the pollution layer residual resistance decreases, which theoretically promotes the arc propagation and flashover process, and thus finally lowers flashover voltage; for the transmission line in area with fan‐shaped non‐uniform pollution, adding insulator units to strengthen the withstand property are needed.
Agent‐based distributed and economic automatic generation control for droop‐controlled AC microgrids
Authors: Li Zhongwen , Zang Chuanzhi , Zeng Peng , Yu Haibin , Li Shuhui
Published: June 2016

Microgrids (MGs) are presented as a cornerstone of smart grid, which can integrate renewable energy sources environmentally, friendly, and reliably. Hierarchical control strategies, i.e. primary droop control, second automatic generation control (AGC), and tertiary economic dispatch (ED), are widely used to control and optimise an MG. However, the gap between large time‐scale ED and small time‐scale AGC may decrease the economical efficiency of an MG. To address this problem, this study proposes a distributed economic AGC (EAGC) algorithm. The algorithm is fully distributed, as each distributed generator is assigned with an agent and the agents only require the local measurements and communication with its neighbours. Compared with centralised algorithms, the distributed control algorithm is easy to fulfil the plug‐and‐play requirements and reduces costs to modify the architecture of an MG. Furthermore, the proposed EAGC algorithm is suitable for all possible operation modes of an MG, i.e. islanded mode, grid‐connected mode, and transition mode. To improve the robustness against agent loss or communication link fault, the topology of agents’ communication network is designed to satisfy the N − 1 rule. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated through the simulation tests which involve plenty of case studies.
Capacitor placement in distribution systems for power loss reduction and voltage improvement: a new methodology
Authors: Askarzadeh Alireza
Published: June 2016

For compensating reactive power, shunt capacitors are often installed in electrical distribution networks. Consequently, in such systems, power loss reduces, voltage profile improves and feeder capacity releases. However, finding optimal size and location of capacitors in distribution networks is a complex combinatorial optimisation problem. In such problem, an objective function which is usually defined based on power losses and capacitor installation costs should be minimised subject to operational limitations. In this study, a newly developed metaheuristic technique, named crow search algorithm (CSA), is proposed for finding the optimal placement of the capacitors in a distribution network. CSA is a population‐based technique inspired by the greedy behaviour of crows in finding better food sources. The main reasons of using CSA are its easy implementation, few parameters to adjust, fast convergence speed and high efficiency. In the case studies, simulated results indicate that the proposed CSA produces more accurate results than the other studied search methods.
Design and microwave measurement of a Ka‐band HE11 mode corrugated horn for the Faraday rotator
Authors: Li Fang , Liu Guo , Wang Li , Balfour E. Agurgo , Wang Jianxun , Pu Youlei , Luo Yong
Published: June 2016

The Faraday rotator is an important component used to separate the launching and receiving electromagnetic waves in the transmission line for millimetre wave radar systems. It has lower insertion loss, higher isolation and power capabilities as compared with the waveguide isolators. In this study, a HE11 mode corrugated horn for the microwave performance measurement of a Ka‐band Faraday rotator was designed, fabricated and cold tested. The corrugated horn has a high conversion efficiency of above 99% over a bandwidth of 4 GHz. It is short in length, at 44 mm and produces a well‐formed linearly polarised HE11 mode. The polarised wave has a well‐defined primary lobe and a −26.7 dB side‐lobe and also achieves a cross‐polarisation of −57.4 dB. The measured microwave reflection coefficient of the corrugated horn was in good agreement with simulation results and the back‐to‐back transmission coefficient is above −0.7 dB over a bandwidth of 7 GHz for a distance of 2 mm between the horns. Except high conversion efficiency, broad bandwidth, low side‐lobes and low cross‐polarisation, this corrugated horn is short, simple and suitable for the microwave measurement of Faraday rotator.
Heat transfer performance of thermal energy storage components containing composite phase change materials
Authors: Zhao Bo , Li Chuan , Jin Yi , Yang Cenyu , Leng Guanghui , Cao Hui , Li Yongliang , Ding Yulong
Published: June 2016

This study concerns about the heat transfer behaviour of composite phase change materials (CPCMs) based thermal energy storage components. Two types of components, a single tube and a concentric tube component, are designed and investigated. The CPCMs consist of a molten salt based phase change material, a thermal conductivity enhancement material (TCEM) and a ceramic skeleton material. A mathematical model was established to model the heat transfer behaviour. The modelling results were first compared with experiments and reasonably good agreement with the experimental data was obtained, demonstrating the reliability of the model. Extensive modelling studies were then carried out under different conditions. The influence of thermoproperties, surface roughness and size of the CPCMs as well as heat transfer fluid (HTF) velocity were examined. The results show that the thermal contact resistance between the CPCMs should be considered. Increasing the mass fraction of TCEMs and thickness of CPCMs as well as the HTF velocity intensifies the heat transfer behaviour of component. The concentric tube based component offers a better heat transfer performance compared with the single tube based component, with the total heat storage and release time ∼10 and 15% shorter, respectively, for a given set of conditions.
Joint sparsity‐driven three‐dimensional imaging method for multiple‐input multiple‐output radar with sparse antenna array
Authors: Hu Xiaowei , Tong Ningning , Song Baojun , Ding Shanshan , Zhao Xiaoru
Published: June 2016

Three‐dimensional (3D) imaging of a moving target can be achieved via a wideband multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) radar with planar array in a single snapshot. The sparse recovery (SR) method has been introduced to deal with the MIMO imaging problem with sparse array recently. For sparse linear array, SR method can successfully achieve the high cross‐range resolution. For sparse planar array, however, it is not effective to use a SR algorithm directly in 2D cross‐range direction, because the final 2D imagery will be blurred by the SR‐induced range cell migration (RCM) in the former cross‐range direction. To remove the RCM, a joint sparsity‐driven method is proposed in this study by exploiting the joint sparsity of echo signal. An improved imagery can be obtained with fewer antennas and higher calculation efficiency. Comparative experiments demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method.
Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Conjugate Addition to α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes with Various Organometallic Reagents
Authors: Goncalves-Contal Sylvie , Gremaud Ludovic , Palais Laëtitia , Babel Lucille , Alexakis Alexandre
Published: June 2016

β-Substituted aldehydes constitute a very important class of compounds found in nature. Synthesis of this motif can be envisioned by C–C bond formation on enals. For this purpose, we report herein the development of enantioselective copper-catalyzed conjugate addition of various organometallic reagents to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with (R)-H8BINAP, (R)-TolBINAP, and (R)-SEGPHOS as chiral ligands. Three sets of conditions were successfully developed and several enals were used. Reactivity and regio- and enantioselectivities were strongly dependent on reaction conditions and substrates. Good to excellent regio- and enantioselectivities were obtained with zinc reagents R2Zn and aluminum reagents R3Al. However, the asymmetric conjugate addition of Grignard reagents afforded only moderate to good regio- and enantioselectivities.
Photo- and gas-tuned, reversible thermoelectric properties and anomalous photo-thermoelectric effects of platinum-loaded tungsten trioxide
Authors: Suzuki Kenta , Watanabe Takuya , Kakemoto Hirofumi , Irie Hiroshi
Published: June 2016

We report the photo- and gas-controllable properties of platinum-loaded tungsten trioxide (Pt/WO3), which is of interest for developing practical applications of WO3 as well as for interpreting such phenomena from scientific viewpoints. Here, a Pt/WO3 thin film generated a thermoelectric power due to the ultraviolet-light-induced band-gap excitation (photochromic (PC) reaction) and/or dark storage in formic acid vapor (gaschromic (GC) reaction) in the absence of O2, resulting from the generation of W5+ ions. After such chromic reactions, the electrical conductivity (σ) is increased, whereas the absolute value of the Seebeck coefficient (S) is decreased. The changes in σ and S and their rate of change for consistency increased in the order of: during the PC reaction < during the GC reaction < during simultaneous PC and GC reactions. The opposite behaviors, a decrease in σ and an increase in S, were exhibited by Pt/WO3 in the presence of O2 after dark storage or visible-light irradiation. This reversible cycle could be repeated. Moreover, anomalous, nontrivial photo-thermoelectric effects (a photoconductive effect (photoconductivity, σphoto) and a photo-Seebeck effect (photo-Seebeck coefficient, Sphoto)) were also detected in response to the visible-light irradiation of Pt/WO3 in the absence of O2 after chromic reactions. Under visible-light irradiation, both σphoto and the absolute value of Sphoto are increased. After the irradiation, both values were decreased, that is, σ and the absolute value of S were smaller than σphoto and the absolute value of Sphoto, respectively. These effects are likely to be due to the photoinduced charge carriers and the accumulated electrons in Pt contributing to the increase in σphoto. In addition, electrons are extracted from the W5+ state, decreasing the number of W5+ in HxWO3 and thus contributing to the increase in Sphoto. After light irradiation, the accumulated electrons in Pt are returned to the energetically favorable W5+ state, and Pt/HxWO3 are returned to the initial state. Then both σ and S are decreased. The mechanisms of our anomalous, nontrivial photo-thermoelectric effects are presumed to be different from that involving the two-carrier contribution to the transport properties.
Control of water leakage from below the root zone by summer-active pastures is associated with persistence, density and deep rootedness
Authors: McCaskill M. R. , Kearney G. A.
Published: June 2016

Temperate pastures that leak water below the root zone have been linked to an increase in dryland salinity in southern Australia through their conservative use of stored water. An experiment was conducted at Hamilton in south-western Victoria to test the hypothesis that deep-rooted, summer-active perennial pasture species can substantially reduce leakage. On topographic crests the experiment compared lucerne and chicory with a traditional perennial ryegrass variety with low summer activity, whereas on the poorly drained valleys the comparison was between tall fescue, kikuyu and a perennial ryegrass variety with high summer activity.
Lucerne developed a buffer of dry soil to a depth of at least 5 m. An empirical relationship with June–September rainfall indicated that with this dry buffer, leakage below the root zone would not occur even in the wettest of years. Chicory developed a dry buffer to the depth of measurement (3 m), but plant density gradually declined and leakage started to occur 5 years after sowing. The perennial ryegrass with low summer activity had leakage nearly every year. On the valleys kikuyu was initially the most effective at drying the soil in summer, but its density declined at the expense of annuals and 3 years after sowing it became wetter than the other treatments. None of the pasture options on the valley fully controlled leakage, but both the summer-active perennial ryegrass and tall fescue were persistent and there was little difference in their capacity to extract summer moisture.
This study showed that four characteristics were associated with a pasture that controlled leakage – summer activity, persistence, adequate density and deep rootedness. Of the species tested only lucerne satisfied all these criteria.
Translating human rights principles into classroom practices: inequities in educating about human rights
Authors: Robinson Carol
Published: June 2016

The overarching aim of this paper is to explore how key principles inherent in human rights declarations and conventions are translated into practices associated with human rights education within school contexts. It is argued that this translation from discourse to practice opens up the potential for children and young people to encounter inequitable experiences of human rights education, and that this is an ethical issue that needs addressing. Within the paper, human rights education relates to both direct teaching about human rights, and to children and young peoples’ experiences of how school practitioners acknowledge and uphold their rights. In both national and international contexts, knowledge and understanding about school‐based human rights education is lacking; this paper aims to address this issue by developing a theoretical framework through which to view human rights education practices within school settings.
Understanding and Predicting Size Selection in Diamond-Mesh Cod Ends for Danish Seining: A Study Based on Sea Trials and Computer Simulations
Authors: Herrmann Bent , Krag Ludvig A. , Feekings Jordan , Noack Thomas
Published: June 2016

Danish seining is an important fishing method used to harvest demersal species. Knowledge about the size selectivity of different demersal species with this type of fishing gear is therefore of importance for managing the exploitation of marine resources. However, there are only limited data on size selection in cod ends in this fishery. Sea trials were therefore carried out to collect size selectivity data for Atlantic Cod Gadus morhua, Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus, and Witch Flounder Glyptocephalus cynoglossus for a diamond-mesh cod end. For all three species, the data were best described by a double logistic selection curve, implying that two different size selection processes occur in the cod end. The double selection process could be explained by an additional selection process occurring through slack meshes. The results imply that the escapement of 46% and 34% of the larger Atlantic Cod and Haddock (those above 48 cm), respectively, would be through wide-open or slack meshes. Since these mesh states are only likely to be present in the latest stage of the fishing process (e.g., when the cod end is near the surface), a large fraction of the bigger fish probably escaped near the surface, which might influence their likelihood of survival. Furthermore, based on the models established for explaining the experimental size selection, we were able to predict the effect of changing the mesh size on cod end size selection in the Danish seine fishery.

Received December 9, 2015; accepted February 18, 2016
Generalized Gibbs ensemble in integrable lattice models
Authors: Vidmar Lev , Rigol Marcos
Published: June 2016

The generalized Gibbs ensemble (GGE) was introduced ten years ago to describe observables in isolated integrable quantum systems after equilibration. Since then, the GGE has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool to predict the outcome of the relaxation dynamics of few-body observables in a variety of integrable models, a process we call generalized thermalization. This review discusses several fundamental aspects of the GGE and generalized thermalization in integrable systems. In particular, we focus on questions such as: which observables equilibrate to the GGE predictions and who should play the role of the bath; what conserved quantities can be used to construct the GGE; what are the differences between generalized thermalization in noninteracting systems and in interacting systems mappable to noninteracting ones; why is it that the GGE works when traditional ensembles of statistical mechanics fail. Despite a lot of interest in these questions in recent years, no definite answers have been given. We review results for the XX model and for the transverse field Ising model. For the latter model, we also report original results and show that the GGE describes spin–spin correlations over the entire system. This makes apparent that there is no need to trace out a part of the system in real space for equilibration to occur and for the GGE to apply. In the past, a spectral decomposition of the weights of various statistical ensembles revealed that generalized eigenstate thermalization occurs in the XX model (hard-core bosons). Namely, eigenstates of the Hamiltonian with similar distributions of conserved quantities have similar expectation values of few-spin observables. Here we show that generalized eigenstate thermalization also occurs in the transverse field Ising model.
An embedding constant for the Hardy space of Dirichlet series
Authors: Brevig Ole Fredrik
Published: June 2016

A new and simple proof of the embedding of the Hardy–Hilbert space of Dirichlet series into a conformally invariant Hardy space of the half-plane is presented, and the optimal constant of the embedding is computed.
Adjoints of composition operators with irrational symbol
Authors: Gu Caixing , Rizzie Erin , Shapiro Jonathan
Published: June 2016

In this paper we derive formulas for the adjoints of a class of composition operators with irrational symbol, in particular, the

n
n

-th root functions. We discuss these formulas on both the Hardy space and the Bergman space.
Ricci curvatures on Hermitian manifolds
Authors: Liu Kefeng , Yang Xiaokui
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we introduce the first Aeppli-Chern class for complex manifolds and show that the

(
1
,
1
)

(1,1)

-component of the curvature

2
2

-form of the Levi-Civita connection on the anti-canonical line bundle represents this class. We systematically investigate the relationship between a variety of Ricci curvatures on Hermitian manifolds and the background Riemannian manifolds. Moreover, we study non-Kähler Calabi-Yau manifolds by using the first Aeppli-Chern class and the Levi-Civita Ricci-flat metrics. In particular, we construct explicit Levi-Civita Ricci-flat metrics on Hopf manifolds

S

2
n
−
1

×

S

1

\mathbb {S}^{2n-1}\times \mathbb {S}^1

. We also construct a smooth family of Gauduchon metrics on a compact Hermitian manifold such that the metrics are in the same first Aeppli-Chern class, and their first Chern-Ricci curvatures are the same and non-negative, but their Riemannian scalar curvatures are constant and vary smoothly between negative infinity and a positive number. In particular, it shows that Hermitian manifolds with non-negative first Chern class can admit Hermitian metrics with strictly negative Riemannian scalar curvature.
Accurate in silico prediction of species-specific methylation sites based on information gain feature optimization
Authors: Wen Ping-Ping , Shi Shao-Ping , Xu Hao-Dong , Wang Li-Na , Qiu Jian-Ding
Published: June 2016

As one of the most important reversible types of post-translational modification, protein methylation catalyzed by methyltransferases carries many pivotal biological functions as well as many essential biological processes. Identification of methylation sites is prerequisite for decoding methylation regulatory networks in living cells and understanding their physiological roles. Experimental methods are limitations of labor-intensive and time-consuming. While in silicon approaches are cost-effective and high-throughput manner to predict potential methylation sites, but those previous predictors only have a mixed model and their prediction performances are not fully satisfactory now. Recently, with increasing availability of quantitative methylation datasets in diverse species (especially in eukaryotes), there is a growing need to develop a species-specific predictor. Here, we designed a tool named PSSMe based on information gain (IG) feature optimization method for species-specific methylation site prediction. The IG method was adopted to analyze the importance and contribution of each feature, then select the valuable dimension feature vectors to reconstitute a new orderly feature, which was applied to build the finally prediction model. Finally, our method improves prediction performance of accuracy about 15% comparing with single features. Furthermore, our species-specific model significantly improves the predictive performance compare with other general methylation prediction tools. Hence, our prediction results serve as useful resources to elucidate the mechanism of arginine or lysine methylation and facilitate hypothesis-driven experimental design and validation.

Availability and Implementation: The tool online service is implemented by C# language and freely available at http://bioinfo.ncu.edu.cn/PSSMe.aspx.

Contact:  jdqiu@ncu.edu.cn

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Glycoside Hydrolase Family 51 α‐l‐Arabinofuranosidases from Clostridium thermocellum and Cellvibrio japonicus Release O–5‐Feruloylated Arabinose
Authors: Schendel Rachel R. , Puchbauer Ann‐Katrin , Bunzel Mirko
Published: June 2016

Arabinofuranosidases act synergistically with other enzymes to depolymerize arabinoxylans by cleaving arabinofuranose substituents from the β‐(1→4)‐linked d‐xylopyranose backbone. Because arabinose feruloylation is a barrier to some, but not all, arabinofuranosidases, we investigated the actions of three α‐l‐arabinofuranosidases from the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 51 on feruloylated arabinoxylan‐oligosaccharide standard compounds with and without feruloyl esterase. GH51 α‐l‐arabinofuranosidases from Clostridium thermocellum and Cellvibrio japonicus both partially released feruloylated arabinose (up to 59% for C. thermocellum). Simultaneous incubation with arabinofuranosidases and feruloyl esterase quantitatively released arabinose from feruloylated standard compounds. Therefore, although feruloylation does not completely obstruct GH51 arabinofuranosidases, synergistic approaches utilizing multiple enzymes remain the most effective tactic for enzymatic breakdown of feruloylated compounds.
Mining the Gap: Assessing Leadership Needs to Improve 21st Century Plant Pathology
Authors: Beckerman J. , Schneider W.
Published: June 2016

Scientists and plant pathologists are trained in scientific knowledge and critical thinking as part of their career preparation process. However, the extensive training in science-related skills may come at a cost to “soft skills,” the competencies needed for interpersonal skills, communication, management, and leadership. A survey of the American Phytopathological Society indicated that the vast majority of its members (91%) were in leadership and management roles. Despite this, a minority of survey participants felt that their scientific training had prepared them to lead (30%) or manage others (36%). Plant pathologists had received the most training in topics that were tied to science. Less common were critical topics such as resilience, entrepreneurship, visioning, and persuasion, and participants were likely to choose skills considered necessary for management, as opposed to leadership. While scientific training is the primary purpose of graduate training, the lack of leadership training and professional development represents a critical deficiency at a time when science is increasingly moving toward larger collaborative projects. Soft skills training options are available, but utilization of these resources needs to be encouraged. An increased emphasis on augmenting leadership and management skills is critical to prepare scientists for a competitive, dynamic, and increasingly collaborative science landscape.
Molecular Characterization of a Begomovirus, α-Satellite, and β-Satellite Associated with Leaf Curl Disease of Parthenium hysterophorus in India
Authors: Kumar Susheel , Srivastava Ashish , Jaidi Meraj , Chauhan Puneet Singh , Raj S. K.
Published: June 2016

Parthenium hysterophorus plants exhibiting severe leaf curl and stunting symptoms were observed near agriculture fields in Lucknow, India. The association of a begomovirus, β-satellite, and α-satellite with these symptoms of a Parthenium disease was investigated by sequence analyses of virus and satellite DNA amplified by rolling circle amplification and polymerase chain reaction. The highest sequence identities and closest phylogenetic relationships for the begomovirus, β-satellite, and α-satellite detected in P. hysterophorus plants were to Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV), papaya leaf curl β-satellite (PaLCuB), and Ageratum yellow vein India α-satellite (AYVIA), respectively. These findings identified the virus and satellites infecting the Parthenium sp. as ToLCV, PaLCuB, and AYVIA, respectively. P. hysterophorus and tomato seedlings infected with cloned ToLCV, PaLCuB, and AYVIA by agroinoculation developed leaf curl symptoms, whereas plants infected with ToLCV alone or with ToLCV and AYVIA developed mild yellowing. The results show that this complex infects and causes disease in P. hysterophorus and tomato. P. hysterophorus is an invasive weed commonly found around agricultural fields and along roadsides in India. These results indicate that P. hysterophorus plants infected with ToLCV and associated satellite DNA act as an alternate host (reservoir), and that could lead to increased incidence of tomato leaf curl disease.
Rising Out of the Ashes: Additive Genetic Variation for Crown and Collar Resistance toHymenoscyphus fraxineusinFraxinus excelsior
Authors: Muñoz Facundo , Marçais Benoît , Dufour Jean , Dowkiw Arnaud
Published: June 2016

Since the early 1990s, ash dieback due to the invasive ascomycete Hymenoscyphus fraxineus is threatening Fraxinus excelsior in most of its natural range. Previous studies reported significant levels of genetic variability in susceptibility in F. excelsior either in field or inoculation experiments. The present study was based on a field experiment planted in 1995, 15 years before onset of the disease. Crown and collar status were monitored on 777 trees from 23 open-pollinated progenies originating from three French provenances. Health status was modeled using a Bayesian approach where spatiotemporal effects were explicitly taken into account. Moderate narrow-sense heritability was found for crown dieback (h2= 0.42). This study is first to show that resistance at the collar level is also heritable (h2= 0.49 for collar lesions prevalence and h2= 0.42 for their severity) and that there is significant genetic correlation (r = 0.40) between the severities of crown and collar symptoms. There was no evidence for differences between provenances. Family effects were detected, but computing individual breeding values showed that most of the genetic variation lies within families. In agreement with previous reports, early flushing correlates with healthier crown. Implications of these results in disease management and breeding are discussed.