bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of dispersion time interval and particle size on release profiles of propranolol HCl and carbamazepines from microparticle blends system
Authors: Muhaimin Muhaimin , Chaerunisaa Anis Yohana , Bodmeier Roland
Published: June 2022

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dispersion time interval (DTI) on physicochemical properties of drug following the incorporation of propranolol HCl (Pro) and carbamazepine (CBZ) within ethyl cellulose (EC) microparticle blends using solvent evaporation method. The first Pro emulsion and second CBZ oil phase were dispersed in an external aqueous phase, with DTI of 0 and 60 min. The morphology of microparticle blends were characterized by SEM. The particle size mean of the emulsion droplets/hardened microparticles were monitored by FBRM. Encapsulation efficiency (EE) and in vitro drug release were also investigated. The resulting microparticle blends were spherical and formed two populations. The particle size mean of microparticle blends ranged from 113.27 µm to 122.42 µm. The EE was 77.28% to 78.64% for Pro and 96.48% to 98.64% for CBZ. FBRM studies showed that the size of microparticle blend prepared as W/O/W (Pro) and O/W (CBZ) system with DTI of 60 min and stirring time 4 h were larger than those prepared with DTI of 0 min. In vitro drug release studies after 28 days that revealed the CBZ release (58.72%) was faster than Pro release (43.16%). Investigation on surface morphology by SEM showed that the second drug CBZ which added as the oil phase in the W/O/W emulsion system had blocked the pores on the surface Pro microparticles prepared from the first primary emulsion, therefore affecting the drug release. This blocking effects of second drug (CBZ) on first emulsion microparticles (Pro) depended on the DTI. This phenomenon is only applicable if the first primary emulsion is W/O/W system.
TADfit is a multivariate linear regression model for profiling hierarchical chromatin domains on replicate Hi-C data
Authors: Liu Erhu , Lyu Hongqiang , Peng Qinke , Liu Yuan , Wang Tian , Han Jiuqiang
Published: June 2022

Topologically associating domains (TADs) are fundamental building blocks of three dimensional genome, and organized into complex hierarchies. Identifying hierarchical TADs on Hi-C data helps to understand the relationship between genome architectures and gene regulation. Herein we propose TADfit, a multivariate linear regression model for profiling hierarchical chromatin domains, which tries to fit the interaction frequencies in Hi-C contact matrix with and without replicates using all-possible hierarchical TADs, and the significant ones can be determined by the regression coefficients obtained with the help of an online learning solver called Follow-The-Regularized-Leader (FTRL). Beyond the existing methods, TADfit has an ability to handle multiple contact matrix replicates and find partially overlapping TADs on them, which helps to find the comprehensive underlying TADs across replicates from different experiments. The comparative results tell that TADfit has better accuracy and reproducibility, and the hierarchical TADs called by it exhibit a reasonable biological relevance.
Face identity coding in the deep neural network and primate brain
Authors: Wang Jinge , Cao Runnan , Brandmeir Nicholas J. , Li Xin , Wang Shuo
Published: June 2022

A central challenge in face perception research is to understand how neurons encode face identities. This challenge has not been met largely due to the lack of simultaneous access to the entire face processing neural network and the lack of a comprehensive multifaceted model capable of characterizing a large number of facial features. Here, we addressed this challenge by conducting in silico experiments using a pre-trained face recognition deep neural network (DNN) with a diverse array of stimuli. We identified a subset of DNN units selective to face identities, and these identity-selective units demonstrated generalized discriminability to novel faces. Visualization and manipulation of the network revealed the importance of identity-selective units in face recognition. Importantly, using our monkey and human single-neuron recordings, we directly compared the response of artificial units with real primate neurons to the same stimuli and found that artificial units shared a similar representation of facial features as primate neurons. We also observed a region-based feature coding mechanism in DNN units as in human neurons. Together, by directly linking between artificial and primate neural systems, our results shed light on how the primate brain performs face recognition tasks.
Branched flows of flexural waves in non-uniform elastic plates
Authors: Jose Kevin , Ferguson Neil , Bhaskar Atul
Published: June 2022

Flexural elastic waves and sound in solids are of great interest in wide-ranging contexts such as ultrasound in plates, geophysics, ocean engineering, aerospace and automotive structures, and musical acoustics. Despite bending waves being the most important elastic waves for such surface structures, their propagation in the presence of the inevitable non-uniformity is poorly understood. Here we show the branching and focusing behaviour of highly dispersive flexural waves travelling in elastic plates of non-uniform thickness. The thickness profile has isotropically correlated spatial randomness. The correlation length is much larger than the wavelength. The location of wave focusing shows a scaling relationship with randomness, which is consistent with those previously reported in other random media. We show this analytically and numerically. This suggests a universality in the scaling between the location of wave focusing with randomness and the correlation length, regardless of the physics of the waves in question.
Calorie restriction on normal body weight mice prevents body weight regain on a follow-up high-fat diet by shaping an obesity-resistant-like gut microbiota profile
Authors: Chen Jiedong , Lin Yiqi , Li Tong , Zhu Hongni , Huang Fang , Yang Changwei , Guo Fuchuan
Published: June 2022

Calorie restriction (CR) is one of the most common approaches for obesity treatment, but whether resuming ad libitum feeding after CR in normal-weight mice can affect excessive weight regain remains poorly studied.
Multi-responsive luminescent coordination polymer nanosheets for selective detection of nitroaromatics
Authors: Pan Ting , Wu Peng , Zhang Weina , Shen Yu , Huo Fengwei
Published: June 2022

A multi-responsive strategy has been developed for the selective detection of nitroaromatic compounds by a luminescent lanthanum-tricarboxytriphenylamine (La-TCA) nanosheet sensor.
A chiral 3D silver(i)–benzenedithiolate coordination polymer exhibiting photoemission and non-linear optical response
Authors: Hawila Saly , Abdallah Ahmad , Rukemampunzi Jean-Luc , Fateeva Alexandra , Ledoux Gilles , Debord Régis , Paihlès Stéphane , Guillou Nathalie , Massuyeau Florian , Gautier Romain , Mesbah Adel , Demessence Aude
Published: June 2022

A neutral coordination polymer made of Ag(i) and 1,3-benzenedithiolate, [Ag2(1,3-BDT)]n, displays both photoluminescence properties and a second harmonic generation signal.
Robust formation of discrete non-covalent pyrene dimers in an amorphous film by strong π–π interaction
Authors: Zhang Xiangyu , Fu Zhiyuan , Jiang Xinyan , Yang Zhiqiang , Wang Shiyin , Wang Kai , Wu Zhijun , Zhang Shi-Tong , Liu Haichao , Yang Bing
Published: June 2022

A pyrene-based non-covalent dimer was constructed with an enhanced π–π interaction, making the dimer easily form in the amorphous film. The dimer can work like the monomer in acid-responsive luminescence switches and organic light-emitting devices.
Co-crystal synthesis of 2- and 4-mercaptopyridines with thiourea and its analogue, trithiocyanuric acid
Authors: Wzgarda-Raj Kinga , Książkiewicz Olga , Palusiak Marcin
Published: June 2022

For the first time mercaptopyridine co-crystals are reported as a result of the cross-crystallization of two mercaptopyridines with thiourea and trithiocyanuric acid. In one case, the co-crystal was needed to be obtained under dark room conditions.
A hierarchical CoMoO4@CoFe-LDH heterostructure as a highly effective catalyst to boost electrocatalytic water oxidation
Authors: Tian Liang , Wang Qiangqiang , Li Yuyang , Ren Xiang , Wei Qin , Wu Dan
Published: June 2022

A hierarchical CoMoO4@CoFe-LDH/NF heterostructure is constructed as an efficient catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction. In alkaline solution, it only needs 245 mV to drive the process at 10 mA cm−2 and long-term stability for 47 h.
The high open-circuit voltage of perovskite solar cells: a review
Authors: Guo Zhanglin , Jena Ajay Kumar , Kim Gyu Min , Miyasaka Tsutomu
Published: June 2022

This review summarizes the current progress of research on the high open-circuit voltage of various perovskite solar cells.
An anionic regulation mechanism for the structural reconstruction of sulfide electrocatalysts under oxygen evolution conditions
Authors: Zhao Chang-Xin , Liu Jia-Ning , Wang Changda , Wang Juan , Song Li , Li Bo-Quan , Zhang Qiang
Published: June 2022

Hetero-anionic oxysulfides, possessing an optimized electronic structure and excellent intrinsic activity, are identified as the actual and stable active site of sulfide pre-electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution.
Thermosensitive textiles made from silver nanoparticle-filled brown cotton fibers
Authors: Nam Sunghyun , Baek In-Suck , Hillyer Matthew B. , He Zhongqi , Barnaby Jinyoung Y. , Condon Brian D. , Kim Moon S.
Published: June 2022

Filling brown cotton fibers with silver nanoparticles lowered the thermal effusivity of its fabric, causing the fabric to have a warmer feel, and improved the thermal response of the fabric under heat treatments.
Visual detection of fluoride in water by a dual-emitting, Eu-doped Sc-based metal organic framework
Authors: Zhan Deyi , Saeed Abdul , He Junyong , Zhao Nanjing , Wang Junfeng , Xu Weihong , Liu Jinhuai
Published: June 2022

The structure of (Eu/Sc)-EBTC and its turn-off optical sensing mechanism due to the high affinity between F− and Eu3+ in (Eu/Sc)-EBTC.
In situgrowth of MOF crystals to synthesize a graphene oxide/ZIF-7 gel with enhanced adsorption capacity for methylene blue
Authors: Qiao Yaoyu , He Naipu , Zhang Xuehui , Zhao Xiaozhu , Zhao Xuerui , Li Wen , Li Chao
Published: June 2022

Graphene oxide gel containing ZIF-7 crystals was fabricated by anin situgrowth method and exhibited excellent adsorption of methylene blue.
Nucleic acid isothermal amplification-based soft nanoarchitectonics as an emerging electrochemical biosensing platform
Authors: Liu Jing , Wang Ruke , Zhou Hong , Mathesh Motilal , Dubey Mukul , Zhang Wengan , Wang Bo , Yang Wenrong
Published: June 2022

We provide an overview of recent efforts in obtaining signal-amplified sensing systems along with their biological applications, current challenges and prospects in this promising new area.
Synthesis of imidazolocoumarins by the amide-directed oxidative cyclisation of enol-Ugi derivatives
Authors: Ramiro José Luis , Neo Ana G. , Marcos Carlos F.
Published: June 2022

Hypervalent iodine regioselective C–H amidation of enol-Ugi adducts is controlled by a removable amide group.
A DFT study of the active role of the phosphate group of an internal aldimine in a transamination reaction
Authors: Yamabe Shinichi , Tsuchida Noriko , Yamazaki Shoko
Published: June 2022

A transamination reaction in the first stage from an internal aldimine ([PLP-model]) and (S)-alanine to pyridoxamine-5′-phosphate (PMP) and pyruvic acid was investigated by DFT calculations. An important role of the phosphate group was suggested.
Thioanhydride/isothiocyanate/epoxide ring-opening terpolymerisation: sequence selective enchainment of monomer mixtures and switchable catalysis
Authors: Silbernagl Dorothee , Sturm Heinz , Plajer Alex J.
Published: June 2022

Lithium mediates sequence selective terpolymerisation of phtalic thioanhydride/PhNCS/butylene oxide yielding poly(ester-alt-ester-alt-dithioimidocarbonates) and enables block- and tetrapolymerisations.
Conformationally restricted and three-dimensionally extended carbazole-incorporating expanded porphyrinoids
Authors: Li Feilong , Wang Kaisheng , Rao Yutao , Xu Ling , Osuka Atsuhiro , Song Jianxin
Published: June 2022

Carbazole-incorporating octaphyrin(1.1.1.0.1.1.1.0) analogues were smoothly synthesized via condensation and oxidation. 1,8-dibromocarbazole unit(s) containing octaphyrins could be further decorated to carbazole-incorporating 3D expanded porphyrins.
Production of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid via oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural over Pt/C in a continuous packed bed reactor
Authors: Wadaugsorn Kiattichai , Lin Kun-Yi , Kaewchada Amaraporn , Jaree Attasak
Published: June 2022

2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is a monomer that can be used to produce bioplastic, which has gained increasing interest worldwide.
I2-mediated Csp2–P bond formation via tandem cyclization of o-alkynylphenyl isothiocyanates with organophosphorus esters
Authors: Liu Yang , Wu Wenjin , Sang Xiaoyan , Xia Yu , Fang Guojian , Hao Wenyan
Published: June 2022

A highly efficient molecular-iodine-catalyzed cascade cyclization reaction has been developed, creating a series of 4H-benzo[d][1,3]thiazin-2-yl phosphonates in moderate to excellent yields. This approach benefits from metal-free catalysts and available raw materials.
How teacher enthusiasm affects students’ learning of chemistry declarative knowledge in video lectures
Authors: Huangfu Qian , Li Hong , Tang Sanshan , Wang Jianrong , Liu Qian , Chen Guojun
Published: June 2022

Although the chemical literature contains many studies of multimedia-based learning and teacher enthusiasm, there is a paucity of research on whether and to what extent teacher enthusiasm in video lectures affects students’ learning, especially in chemistry. In this context, this mixed-method study used eye tracking and quantitative analysis to investigate how a teacher with different levels of enthusiasm influenced students’ learning in video lectures. Junior middle-school students were selected to engage in this eye-tracking research. We set up 35 such students as a group to view an experimental video with a low level of teacher enthusiasm, and 35 others as another group to view another experimental video with a high level of teacher enthusiasm. The essential tool for capturing the students’ visual attention was an EyeLink 1000 Plus eye tracker. The total dwell time, fixation counts, average fixation duration, and transition counts were recorded and analyzed, and the results showed that the teacher enthusiasm in the video lectures had an indirect positive effect on the students’ self-efficacy and learning performance and was negatively associated with cognitive load. In addition, students paid more attention to the teacher with the higher level of enthusiasm.
The underappreciated influence of ancillary halide on metal–ligand proton tautomerism
Authors: Jain Anant Kumar , Gau Michael R. , Carroll Patrick J. , Goldberg Karen I.
Published: June 2022

Ligand protonated IrI bisphosphine carbonyl complexes isolated as halide salts equilibrate with their neutral IrIII–H congeners in solution. The equilibrium constant and energy barrier to interconversion are dependent on the identity of the halide.
Artificial intelligence pathway search to resolve catalytic glycerol hydrogenolysis selectivity
Authors: Kang Pei-Lin , Shi Yun-Fei , Shang Cheng , Liu Zhi-Pan
Published: June 2022

An end-to-end artificial intelligence framework for the activity prediction of heterogeneous catalytic systems (AI-Cat method) is developed and applied for resolving the selectivity of glycerol hydrogenolysis on Cu catalysts.
Shape-stabilized phase change composites enabled by lightweight and bio-inspired interconnecting carbon aerogels for efficient energy storage and photo-thermal conversion
Authors: Sun Zongxu , Zhang Huanzhi , Zhang Qingfeng , Jing Rui , Wu Bojing , Xu Fen , Sun Lixian , Xia Yongpeng , Rosei Federico , Peng Hongliang , Lin Xiangcheng
Published: June 2022

CA-FSPCMs were constructed using a lightweight and high strength carbon aerogel to encapsulate PEG-6000, fabricated using biomass xanthan gum and polyimide.
Unraveling the role of chemical composition in the lattice thermal conductivity of oxychalcogenides as thermoelectric materials
Authors: Blancas Ernesto J. , Plata Jose J. , Santana Julia , Lemus-Prieto Felipe , Márquez Antonio M. , Sanz Javier Fdez.
Published: June 2022

Oxychalcogenides represent a large chemical space with potential application as thermoelectric materials due to their low thermal conductivity.
Superoxide dismutase-embedded metal–organic frameworks via biomimetic mineralization for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Bai Shaowei , Shao Xinxin , Tao Yu , Wang Song , Han Haobo , Li Quanshun
Published: June 2022

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic and spontaneous inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, and has been associated with an improved level of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Efficient monomolecular white emission of phenothiazine boronic ester derivatives with room temperature phosphorescence
Authors: Khan Faizal , Volyniuk Lesia , Ghasemi Melika , Volyniuk Dmytro , Grazulevicius Juozas Vidas , Misra Rajneesh
Published: June 2022

Four phenothiazine boronic ester derivatives containing different electron withdrawing groups were developed and investigated as emitters with monomolecular white resulting from blue fluorescence and yellowish room temperature phosphorescence.
Progress in electrode and electrolyte materials: path to all-solid-state Li-ion batteries
Authors: Sharma Sanjeev K. , Sharma Gaurav , Gaur Anurag , Arya Anil , Mirsafi Fateme Sadat , Abolhassani Reza , Rubahn Horst-Günter , Yu Jong-Sung , Mishra Yogendra Kumar
Published: June 2022

This review presents a brief scenario regarding the development of cathodes, anodes, and electrolytes for next-generation Li-ion batteries (LIBs) and supercapacitors for future energy technologies.
Increasing livestock farming sustainability using genome editing technology
Authors: Whitelaw Bruce , Lillico Simon
Published: June 2022

Farmed animal agriculture is facing big challenges in today’s world. Genome editing technology now offers some solutions, and these need to be melded into the other approaches and strategies that can be deployed to produce a sustainable food system. If we embrace these technologies, and do so within a basic justice framing, we can achieve food security for all, while providing enhanced welfare and reduced environmental footprint contributing to a fair and sustainable carbon-zero future.
The role of nitric oxide in sepsis-associated kidney injury
Authors: Oliveira Filipe Rodolfo Moreira Borges , Assreuy Jamil , Sordi Regina
Published: June 2022

Sepsis is one of the leading causes of acute kidney injury (AKI), and several mechanisms including microcirculatory alterations, oxidative stress, and endothelial cell dysfunction are involved. Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the common elements to all these mechanisms. Although all three nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms are constitutively expressed within the kidneys, they contribute in different ways to nitrergic signaling. While the endothelial (eNOS) and neuronal (nNOS) isoforms are likely to be the main sources of NO under basal conditions and participate in the regulation of renal hemodynamics, the inducible isoform (iNOS) is dramatically increased in conditions such as sepsis. The overexpression of iNOS in the renal cortex causes a shunting of blood to this region, with consequent medullary ischemia in sepsis. Differences in the vascular reactivity among different vascular beds may also help to explain renal failure in this condition. While most of the vessels present vasoplegia and do not respond to vasoconstrictors, renal microcirculation behaves differently from nonrenal vascular beds, displaying similar constrictor responses in control and septic conditions. The selective inhibition of iNOS, without affecting other isoforms, has been described as the ideal scenario. However, iNOS is also constitutively expressed in the kidneys and the NO produced by this isoform is important for immune defense. In this sense, instead of a direct iNOS inhibition, targeting the NO effectors such as guanylate cyclase, potassium channels, peroxynitrite, and S-nitrosothiols, may be a more interesting approach in sepsis-AKI and further investigation is warranted.
Two‐stage partial image‐text clustering (TPIT‐C)
Authors: Guo Dongjin , Su Xiaoming , Lian Yahong , Liu Limin , Wang Haibo
Published: June 2022

Deep multi‐model clustering is a challenging task for data analysis since it learns a universal semantic representation to find correct clusters from heterogeneous samples. However, most existing methods 1) lack an effective approach to getting a global representation of visual instances, which results in a huge semantic gap between visual and textual space. 2) hardly consider partial multi‐modal, where each instance is represented by only one modality. In reality, the pairing information for modalities is not available for all instances. To tackle the above issues, we propose a novel model called the Two‐Stage Partial Image‐Text Clustering (TPIT‐C) model. Firstly, we build an interpretable reasoning network to obtain the salient regions and semantic concepts of the scene in order to generate global semantic concepts. Secondly, we construct an adversarial learning module to align textual and visual instances into a unified space by virtue of cycle‐consistency. The experimental evaluations on public unpaired multi‐model datasets illustrated that the proposed method has better performance and the effectiveness of our algorithm in the partial image‐text clustering task.
Research on teaching effect of power electronics experiment simulating engineering application system
Authors: Zhao Guopeng
Published: June 2022

To enable students to establish the basic concept of engineering applications, this paper presents the experimental content simulating engineering application systems in the course of Power Electronics Experiment. Through the realization of each step of the experiment, students can complete the system level experiment closed to the engineering application. Taking the dc‐motor speed control system as an example, this paper allows students to realize a simple open‐loop speed control system, and answer questions related to practical engineering applications. Then, students apply the double‐closed‐loop speed control system simulating the engineering application to do the experiment, and answer questions again. By comparing the speed control performance of the motor, students can master how to control the dc‐motor accurately and stably. By comparing the correct rate of questions, it can be seen that the experiment simulating engineering application systems can obtain a higher correct rate of answering questions. The proposed teaching method makes students understand how to realize a stable and reliable engineering system, and establish a project concept of the power electronic application. Through the questionnaire survey of students, it can be obtained that the experiment simulating engineering application systems improves the experimental effect on understanding the composition and the working principle of the power electronic application systems.
New limits from microlensing on Galactic black holes in the mass range 10 M⊙ < M < 1000 M⊙
Authors: Blaineau T. , Moniez M. , Afonso C. , Albert J.-N. , Ansari R. , Aubourg E. , Coutures C. , Glicenstein J.-F. , Goldman B. , Hamadache C. , Lasserre T. , Le Guillou L. , Lesquoy E. , Magneville C. , Marquette J.-B. , Palanque-Delabrouille N. , Perdereau O. , Rich J. , Spiro M. , Tisserand P.
Published: June 2022

We searched for long-duration microlensing events originating from intermediate-mass black holes (BH) in the halo of the Milky Way, using archival data from the EROS-2 and MACHO photometric surveys towards the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). We combined data from these two surveys to create a common database of light curves for 14.1 million objects in the LMC, covering a total duration of 10.6 years, with flux series measured in four wide passbands. We carried out a microlensing search on these light curves, complemented by the light curves of 22.7 million objects, observed only by EROS-2 or only by MACHO, over about 7 years, with flux series measured in only two passbands. A likelihood analysis, taking into account the LMC self-lensing and Milky Way disk contributions, allows us to conclude that compact objects with masses in the range 10 − 100 M⊙ cannot make up more than ∼15% of a standard halo total mass (at a 95% confidence level). Our analysis sensitivity weakens for heavier objects, although we still rule out the possibility of ∼50% of the halo being made of ∼1000 M⊙ BHs. Combined with previous EROS results, an upper limit of ∼15% of the total halo mass can be obtained for the contribution of compact halo objects in the mass range 10−6 − 102 M⊙.
Questioning Planck-selected star-forming high-redshift galaxy protoclusters and their fate
Authors: Gouin C. , Aghanim N. , Dole H. , Polletta M. , Park C.
Published: June 2022

About 2100 star-forming galaxy protocluster candidates at z ∼ 1 − 4 were identified at sub-millimetre wavelengths in the Planck all-sky survey. Follow-up spectroscopic observations of a few candidates have confirmed the presence of actual galaxy overdensities with large star formation rates (SFRs). In this work, we use state-of-the-art hydrodynamical simulations to investigate whether the Planck high-z sub-millimetre sources (PHz) are progenitors of massive clusters at z = 0. To match the PHz sources with simulated halos, we select the most star-forming (SF) halos in 19 redshift bins from z = 3 to z = 1.3 in the TNG300 simulation of the IllustrisTNG project. At each redshift, the total SFR of the simulated protocluster candidates is computed from the SFR of all the galaxies within an aperture corresponding to the Planck beam size, including those along the line of sight (LOS). The simulations reproduce the Planck-derived SFRs as the sum of both the SFR of at least one of the most SF high-z halos and the average contribution from SF sources along the LOS. Focusing on the spectroscopically confirmed z ∼ 2 PHz protoclusters, we compare the observed properties of their galaxy members with those in the most SF simulated halos. We find a good agreement in the stellar mass and SFR distributions, and in the galaxy number counts, but the SFR-stellar mass relation of the simulated galaxies tends to be shifted to lower SFRs with respect to the observed galaxies. Based on the estimated final masses of the simulated halos, we infer that between 63% and 72% of the Planck-selected protoclusters will evolve into massive galaxy clusters by z = 0. Despite contamination from star-forming galaxies along the LOS, we thus confirm the efficiency of Planck in selecting star-forming protoclusters at cosmic noon with the simulations, and provide a new criterion for selecting the most massive cluster progenitors at high-z, using observables such as the number of galaxy members and their SFR distribution.
Breeding opportunities for increasing the black currant large-fruiting
Authors: Sazonov Fedor
Published: June 2022

The results of the study of the black currant varieties collection of FSBSI FRC of Horticulture, located in the Bryansk region, by large-fruiting are presented. Genetic sources have been identified for inclusion in the breeding process to increase the average weight of berries (Lentyai, Titania, Gamayun, Dobry Gin, Podarok Veteranam, Podarok Astakhova, Kudmig, Debryansk, Bryanskiy Agat, Dar Smolyaninovoy, Kudesnik, and others). The most productive families for the output of large-fruited seedlings are given, such as Debryansk × Dar Smolyaninovoy, Orloviya × Nara, Rita × Titania, Strelets × Partizanka Bryanskaya, 10-141-2 (Strelets × Golubichka) × Partizanka Bryanskaya. The result of well-chosen combinations of crosses was the creation of new highly productive varieties of black currant Mif, Favorit, and several selected forms.
Selection of parent pairs for the breeding process based on adaptive ability and environmental sustainability of spring barley varieties
Authors: Shabalkin A.V. , Andreev A.A. , Dracheva M.K. , Kutepova I.A.
Published: June 2022

Varietal diversity and study of the source material for the breeding process is an important condition when creating a new variety with the necessary economically valuable characteristics, considering the requirements of agricultural producers and the processing industry. The task of breeders at the first stage of cultivar creation is to select from a collection nursery set high-yielding varieties resistant to pests and diseases, able to withstand various climatic stresses, to determine the adaptive ability to identify the positive and negative sides of genotypes, and creatively apply them in the breeding process. During 2018-2021, 94 varieties of spring barley of various ecological and geographical origin were studied. As a result of scientific research and mathematical calculations of the adaptability indicators of varieties, genotypes with a positive combination of high yield and their resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental factors were selected. Depending on the tasks set before breeding, varieties with positive adaptive abilities should be used in crosses: Azov (Russia), Lun (Russia), Medicum 336 (Russia), Corona (Ukraine), Effect (Ukraine), Grace (Germany), Delphine (France), Leon (Germany), Desnina (Germany), Collil (UK).
Increasing resistance to coccomycosis in sweet cherry by applying distant hybridization with cherry species
Authors: Eremina O.V. , Eremin V.G.
Published: June 2022

To reduce the pesticide load in industrial plantings, it is necessary to use pathogen-resistant varieties when establishing orchards. The problem of obtaining stable, large-fruited, adaptive varieties is acute, since there are practically no genotypes in the existing assortment that combine a complex of economically valuable traits with resistance to diseases. The isolation of new resistance genes in wild forms and the creation of genotypes resistant to fungal diseases on their basis is possible through the use of remote hybridization. Interspecific hybrids with sweet cherry were obtained at the Krymsk EBS, VIR Branch, which combine resistance to coccomycosis and increased fruit size. These genotypes are complex sources of traits for further breeding work in obtaining adaptive, large-fruited genotypes. The work carried out proves that the use of interspecific hybridization makes it possible to obtain genomes highly resistant to coccomycosis.
Breeding of subtropical (Diospyros kaki L., Feijoa sellowiana Berg) and citrus crops (Citrus reticulata Blan. var. unchiu Tan.) in FRC SSC of RAS
Authors: Omarov Magomed , Kulyan Raisa , Omarova Zuhra
Published: June 2022

This paper presents the results of the breeding work carried out by the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The purpose of the research is to improve the assortment of subtropical and citrus crops. The objects of research were 230 hybrid forms, of which citrus - 138 hybrids, persimmons - 56, feijoa - 36. Currently, the breeders of the FRC SSC of RAS are working hard to develop new winter-hardy, high yielding, and high-quality cultivars resistant to growing conditions. The sources of priority traits have been identified, which are included in hybridization for the development of new cultivars with improved economic and biological traits. Over the past 5 years, the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation has included 3 cultivars of feijoa and 1 cultivar of kaki persimmon created in the Centre. On the test are 3 promising forms of tangerine, 2 feijoa and 1 form of kaki persimmon.
Flowering features of rare fruit plants of the Rosaceae Juss. family
Authors: Emelyanova Olga
Published: June 2022

One of the ways to solve the problem of food security is to increase the proportion of non-traditional crops' fruits in the diet with valuable consumer characteristics and a wide range of application in fruit growing, selection, and greening. The seasonal development rhythm - especially the flowering phase - is important in the study of rare fruit plants introduced into culture as it determines the plants' resistance to adverse environmental factors and the ability to produce full-fledged fruits and seeds. The purpose of this research was to study the flowering characteristics of non-traditional fruit crops of the Rosaceae Juss. family to determine the prospects of their use in selection and greening. From 2012 to 2021, 16 species were studied in the arboretum of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK, Orel, Russian Federation). The flowering calendar compiled on the basis of the conducted phenological observations shows various dates of the objects' flowering onset, which makes it possible to use them as ornamental plants when creating parks and gardens of continuous flowering. Chaenomeles Maulei, Malus niedzwetzkyana, Crataegus submollis and Padus virginiana have the most ornamental blossoming. Of these, Chaenomeles Maule has the longest flowering period (more than 20 days). A consistently high flowering degree (4.5-5.0 points) was observed in twelve objects, which determines the prospects of their application in the selection process as sources of certain economically valuable traits: early flowering (Malus prunifolia and Sorbus aria), long-term flowering (Chaenomeles Maulei, Malus prunifolia and Rosa canina), a high ornamental flowering degree (Chaenomeles Maulei, Malus niedzwetzkyana, Crataegus submollis and Padus virginiana).
Strategy of potato chemical protection from diseases
Authors: Barkov V.A. , Belov D.A. , Zeiruk V.N. , Belov G.L. , Vasilyeva S.V. , Derevyagina M.K.
Published: June 2022

During 2019-2021, the effectiveness of pre-planting treatment of potato tubers of the Sante variety against rhizoctonia disease and two schemes for the use of combined and contact fungicides in the conditions of the Moscow region was evaluated. The biological efficacy of the Idikum preparation for pre-planting treatment of tubers against rhizoctonia disease was 83.5%. All tested potato protection schemes during the growing season showed high efficiency in reducing the prevalence and degree of late blight and alternaria leaf spot. Depending on the prevailing weather conditions of the growing season, the scheme, where the contact-systemic preparation Metaxyl was used for the first treatment, provided an increase in yield by 36.3-47.5%, the second scheme – with the first treatment with the contact preparation Kumir – 25.8-36.3%.
Evaluation of compatibility of promising pear cultivars with rootstocks of VNIISPK breeding
Authors: Semin Igor
Published: June 2022

The paper presents the results of assessing the compatibility of 22 pear cultivars promising for industrial production with dwarf rootstocks based on common quince of VNIISPK breeding. There was good accretion with the rootstock and full-fledged development of 10 pear cultivars: Yeseninskaya, Tyutchevskaya, Muratovskaya, Pamyati Yakovleva, Bryanskaya Krasavitsa, Belorusskaya Pozdnya, Nika, Lira and Conference, as well as Alaya, an elite form of VNIISPK breeding. 5 pear cultivars had negative affinity: Orlovskaya Krasavitsa, Orlovskaya Letnya Skorospelka from Michurinsk, Rusanovskaya and Tikhiy Don. They require an intermediary with good compatibility with the stock. Satisfactory compatibility was revealed for Ploshanskaya as well as for 7 pear cultivars in the nursery, the consequence of which was good accretion with rootstocks, but weak development of grafts and low yield of seedlings in production (Annushka, Prosto Maria, Pamyatnaya, Chizhevskaya, Krasavitsa Chernenko, Vidnaya).
The possibility and prosperity of Moringa oleifera Lam. cultivation in Armenia under conditions of outdoor hydroponics and soil
Authors: Tadevosyan Anna , Daryadar Mahsa , Tovmasyan Anahit , Asatryan Armenuhi , Hakobjanyan Anahit
Published: June 2022

Moringa is one of the most important plants in the fight against malnutrition. Its leaves are largely used in food. This subtropical plant is a non-traditional culture for Armenia. For the first time it was cultivated in outdoor hydroponic and soil conditions in Ararat Valley. The aim of the study was to reveal the plant’s cultivation possibility in the outdoor hydroponic conditions and the quantitative and qualitative efficiency of its plant raw material. The results are showing that hydroponic moringa exceeded soil variant 1.7 times in useful biomass of leaves in a count of per plant. Due to high productivity, the hydroponic moringa plants exceeded soil plants with the output of the extractive substances (1.5 times), flavonoids (1.4 times), phenolic acids (1.9 times), tannins (1.2 times), calcium (1.2 times), magnesium (2.9 times), proteins (1.5 times), and carbohydrates (1.3 times). The received results allowed assuming that the hydroponic culture is effective and perspective for moringa cultivation in Armenia.
Effect of γ-radiation of lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa L.) for the yield and removal of macronutrients by plants
Authors: Guseva Julia , Smolina Galina , Torshin Sergei
Published: June 2022

The effect of pre-sowing treatment with different doses of γ-radiation 60Co on the development and yield of lettuce plants has been studied. For this purpose, the seed material was irradiated with ionizing radiation 60Co in doses of 1-6 Gy; vegetation experiment was laid to determine the weight of plants, as well as the accumulation of dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. The values of stimulating and inhibitive doses have been established. It was determined that radiation hormesis was observed for lettuce plants at doses of 1 and 2 Gy: there was an increase in crop yield and maximum accumulation of the main elements of mineral nutrition. A dose of 6 Gy inhibited the growth and development of lettuce plants; at this dose of radiation, not only a decrease in yield occurred, but also a decrease in phosphorus and potassium removal.
Optimization of the elements of onion production technology in an annual crop in the conditions of central Russia
Authors: Irkov Ivan , Bernaz Nikolay
Published: June 2022

The object of research is onion, cultivated as an annual crop in the Nonchernozem zone of the Russian Federation. The aim of the research is to develop an improved technology for the production of bulb in an annual crop, providing a yield of 70-80 t/ha on alluvial meadow soils of the Nonchernozem zone. Research method - field test. It has been established that the probability of performing each technological operation should be at least 95%. Sowing the seeds, which are previously cleansed from the rot, must be done at an earlier date. The required yield was achieved at N 200 P 160 K 280 + Humic chemical "Rostok" + 10 l/ha BisolbiSan, Azotovit, Phosphatovit biopreparations in equal proportions. The use of the microbiological preparation BisolbiSan in 1% concentration with chemical two-component fungicides (excluding copper-containing ones) increases the immunity of onion plants. In conditions of warm, humid summer, fungicidal treatments of onions are optimal at intervals of 7-10 days from the third decade of June to the end of July. The maximum weed suppression is provided by the post-sowing application of the Stomp Professional + Dual Gold tank mix (3 + 1 l/ha) in combination with the subsequent pre-emergence treatment with Reglon Forte (2 l/ha) and the post-emergence Goal 2E (0.5 l/ha).
Study of antibacterial and antioxidant properties of medical plant extracts
Authors: Ulrikh E.V. , Smolovskaya O.V. , Pak N.G.
Published: June 2022

The study analyzed the biological (antimicrobial and antioxidant) activity of such medicinal plants grown in the Kemerovo region as Leaf mustard (Brassica juncea L.), Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica), Maral root (Rhaponticum carthamoides), Thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.), Purple coneflower (Echinacea purpúrea), Chamomile (Chamomilla recutita L.), Milk thistle (Sílybum mariánum L.), Common marigold (Caléndula officinális), Tansy (Tanacétumá vulgáre), and Common dandelion (Tarináxum officinum). It was found that all investigated plant extracts have antimicrobial properties against the tested strains of microorganisms (E. coli ATCC 25922, S. aureus ATCC 25923, P. vulgaris ATCC 63, C. albicans EMTC 34, L. mesenteroides EMTC 1865). It was proved that all tested extracts of medicinal plants are characterized by a high antioxidant status; according to the tests performed this parameter of the samples varies within the limits from 145.09 to 235.00 mg of ascorbic acids per 1 gram. Both the high concentration level of biologically substances and the presence of antimicrobial and antioxidant characteristics of the studied herb extracts from the selected medicinal plants make it possible to recommend their use as components of feed additives for agricultural animals.
Wafer products with non-traditional raw materials
Authors: Berezina Natalia , Kunitsyna Tatiana , Samofalova Larisa , Zvyagina Olga , Pervykh Nina
Published: June 2022

Fortification of recipes for products containing only refined raw materials, such as ice cream wafer cups, is a modern trend for such products. The use of soy okara in wet and dry form for these purposes allows you to unlock the potential of this raw material as an improver in the quality of wafer products. In the cup recipe, soy okara was added instead of flour dry matter in the amount of 10–30% in increments of 5%. In the wafer dough the mass fraction of moisture and spreadability were determined, in finished products - the mass fraction of moisture and wettability. It has been established that the use of wet and dry soy okara instead of the dry matter of flour in the formulations of wafer cups for ice cream allows increasing the moisture content of the dough by 2.3–4.9% and 3.6–8.8% and reducing its spreadability by 2–13 mm and 2–7 mm, respectively. In finished wafer cups, the introduction of wet and dry soy okara contributes to an increase in the mass fraction of moisture by 0.1 - 0.4% and 0.1 - 0.9%, a decrease in wetness by 2 - 22% and 2 - 15%, respectively, compared with the control sample. Rational dosage was taken 15% of dry soy okara and 20% dry soy okara instead of flour dry matter in the wafer cup recipe. At the same time, the wettability of finished products is reduced by 5–6%, which will positively affect the consumer properties of finished products when stored with ice cream. In experimental products, the amount of carbohydrates decreases by 4.9 - 5.9%, cellulose - increases by 78 and 87 times, calcium - by 1.5-1.8 times, the energy value decreases by 1.4 - 1.7%, and the biological value increases by 2.9 - 3.4% compared with control sample.
Changes in phenolic complex of table grapes of ‘Italia’ cultivar during long-term storage
Authors: Boyko Vladimir , Levchenko Svetlana , Belash Dmitriy , Romanov Aleksandr , Cherviak Sofia
Published: June 2022

This work presents characteristics of qualitative and quantitative composition of phenolic compounds and their changes during long-term storage of ‘Italia’ table grapevine cultivar. The studies were carried out using method of HPLC on a Shimadzu LC 20 Prominence chromatograph with diode-array detector of ultraviolet and visible range. Grapes were sampled fresh and after long-term storage (60 days). Three groups of phenolic compounds were identified: hydroxycinnamic acids, procyanidins, and flavonols. It is established that major components of phenolic complex of ‘Italia’ grapes are procyanidins, specifically d-catechin and epicatechin, amounting 33% and 34%, respectively, and also procyanidin B2 with high proportion of 19%. At the end of long-term storage, a decrease in the mass concentration of phenolic compounds was revealed, the content of hydroxycinnamic acids decreased by 62,3%, procyanidins by 50,1%, and flavonols by 51,0%. A decrease in the activity of polyphenoloxidase enzyme to 60th day of storage by 8,53%, relative to the control, was established. In the process of analysis of variance, statistically significant differences in the components of phenolic profile in grapes of ‘Italia’ cultivar between the beginning and end of storage were established using Student's t-test, which varied from 4,43*10-15 to 6,07*10-7, being so significantly less than 0,05.
Efficiency of a biological growth regulator in the cultivation of branched seedlings
Authors: Prichko Tatyana , Oplachko Roman , Karpushina Marina , Smelik Tatyana , Mager Vladimir
Published: June 2022

The article presents the results of studies on the effectiveness of biological preparations Gibbersib - obtained on the basis of the Fusarium moniliforme strain - a polygibberellin preparation containing a set of gibberellic acids, as well as the preparation 6-Benzyladenine - a synthetic cytokinin intended to activate the vital activity of a plant associated with the growth and development of lateral shoots that improve the crowning of seedlings. According to the results of preparations testing with separate and combined use, the effectiveness of using each of the regulator separately, in comparison with the control, was confirmed. The greatest efficiency was obtained with the use of treatment with combined regulators, which makes it possible to enhance the branching of seedlings.
Improvement of soybean cultivation technology in the southern forest-steppe of western Siberia
Authors: Khleborodova A.I. , Ershov V.L. , Yushkevich L.V.
Published: June 2022

Legumes contribute significantly to the nitrogen balance of agrocenosis and terrestrial ecosystems. They fix the free air nitrogen and convert it into forms available to other plants. Legumes are a powerful biological factory of nitrogen fertilizers. The soils are enriched with available forms of nitrogen up to 80 kg/ha during the growing season. This process occurs due to the soil organic matter, stubble, and root residues left after harvesting soybeans. An increased planted area of soybeans in the rotation promotes a significant improvement in the growing conditions of other crops and increases their yield without additional costs. The crop yield is not significantly affected by soil treatment using herbicides in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia. It is impossible to reduce the infestation of soybean crops to an economically harmless level with the use of a single herbicide. Due to a single application of herbicide and nitrogen-phosphate fertilizers, the yield of soybeans increases by an average of 0.46 t/ha or 51.7%.
Actual issues of preservation of unique landscapes
Authors: Volkova Svetlana , Sivak Elena
Published: June 2022

The study outlines the essence and social significance of nature reserves, identifies the features and conditions for improving the efficiency of their reproduction, specifies and supplements criteria and indicators for assessing the level of their use and reproduction efficiency. The modern functioning of the reserve, the dynamics of its development are considered, a preliminary assessment of the material and financial security and the reproduction adequacy of the Streletsky section of the reserve is given. A logical scheme for determining the optimal size and configuration of the Streletsky section of the reserve has been developed, recommended regimes of using its biota have been differentiated, promising directions and sources of optimizing the reproduction of meadow-steppe herbage of the reserve have been identified. It is human, his scientific knowledge, moral and spiritual world, consciousness, as the original source of diligence and care, has always been the main condition for the well-being of the nature of steppe natural complexes and their harmony with human. A person should feel like its kind master, bringing his good work and art into it.