bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conversion and selection of Laguerre–Gaussian modes via a variable aperture in a geometric-phase-plate-assisted optical resonator
Authors: Li He , Li Juntao , Wei Dunzhao
Published: April 2023

We numerically analyze the conversion and selection of intracavity modes in a two-mirror optical resonator, which is assisted by a geometric phase plate (GPP) and a circular aperture, along with its output performance of high-order Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) modes. Based on the iterative Fox–Li method and the analysis of modal decomposition, transmission losses, and spot sizes, we find that various self-consistent two-faced resonator modes could be formed by fixing the GPP but changing the size of aperture. Such a feature not only enriches transverse-mode structures inside the optical resonator, but also provides a flexible way to directly output high-purity LG modes for high-capacity optical communication, high-precision interferometers, high-dimensional quantum correlation, etc.
Aberration-compensated supercritical lens for sub-diffractive focusing within 20° field of view
Authors: Duan Hui , Wang Minghui , Hu Xu , Li Zhangyin , Jiang Meiling , Wang Sicong , Cao Yaoyu , Li Xiangping , Qin Fei
Published: April 2023

The supercritical lens has shown a remarkable capability of achieving far-field sub-diffraction limited focusing through elaborating a modulated interference effect. Benefiting from the relative high energy utilization efficiency and weak sidelobe properties, the supercritical lens holds significant advantage in a series of application scenarios. However, all of the demonstrated supercritical lenses mainly work in the on-axis illumination condition, so the off-axis aberration effect will severely deteriorate its sub-diffraction limit focusing capability for the illuminating beam with an oblique angle. In this work, an aberration-compensated supercritical lens with single-layer configuration is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Such a single-layer supercritical lens consists of multilevel phase configurations patterned with the two-photon polymerization lithography technique. The simulation and experimental recorded results show that the aberration-compensated supercritical lens with a numerical aperture value of 0.63 could achieve a far-field sub-diffraction limited focusing property within 20° field of view at a wavelength of λ = 633 nm. This monochromatic aberration-compensated supercritical lens with single-layer configuration indicates excellent potential in the development of laser scanning ultrahigh optical storage and label free super-resolution imaging.
FPM image enhancement with bi-modal deep learning
Authors: Bouchama Lyes , Dorizzi Bernadette , Klossa Jacques , THELLIER Marc , Gottesman Yaneck
Published: April 2023

Digital pathology based on whole slide imaging system is about to permit major breakthrough in automated diagnosis for a rapid and highly sensitive disease detection. High-resolution FPM (Fourier Ptychographic Microscopy) slide scanners delivering rich information on biological samples are becoming available. They allow new effective data exploitation for efficient automated diagnosis.

However, when the sample thickness becomes comparable or greater than the microscope depth of field, we report observation of undesirable contrast change of sub-cellular compartments in phase images around optimal focal plane, reducing their usability. In this article, a bi-modal
U-Net artificial neural network (i.e. a two channels U-Net fed with intensity and phase images) is trained to reinforce specifically targeted sub-cellular compartments contrast for both intensity and phase images. The procedure used to construct a reference database is detailed. It is obtained exploiting FPM reconstruction algorithm to explore images around optimal focal plane with virtual Z-stacking calculations and selecting those with adequate contrast and focus.

By construction and once trained, the U-Net is able to simultaneously reinforce targeted cell compartments visibility and to compensate any focus imprecision. It is efficient over a large field of view at high resolution. The interest of the approach is illustrated considering the use-case of Plasmodium falciparum detection in blood smear where improvement in the detection sensitivity is demonstrated without degradation of the specificity.

Post-reconstruction FPM image processing with such U-Net and its training procedure is general and applicable to demanding biological screening applications.
Ideation Patterns für ressourcenzentrierte digitale Innovation
Authors: Lindenthal Anna-Katharina , Oberländer Anna Maria , Rosemann Michael , Röglinger Maximilian
Published: April 2023

Digitale Transformation ist für Unternehmen in allen Branchen ein Muss und erfordert sowohl die Weiterentwicklung von bestehenden Geschäftsmodellen, als auch gleichzeitig die Entwicklung neuer digitaler Geschäftsmodelle. Die Digitalisierung bietet Unternehmen hierbei zahlreiche Möglichkeiten für die systematische Wiederverwendung und Rekombination vorhandener Ressourcen (Mittel und Fähigkeiten), um innovative Lösungen zu finden und neue Wertangebote zu schaffen. Dies erfolgt durch die Nutzung interner Ressourcen, den Zugang zu geteilten Ressourcen, bspw. über Plattformen und die Einbeziehung von externen Ressourcen, bspw. von Kund*innen. Trotz der vielfältigen digitalen Möglichkeiten stellt die Generierung von Ideen für digitale Innovationen für Unternehmen eine komplexe Herausforderung dar. Dabei fällt es oft schwer, digitale Innovationen systematisch zu identifizieren, die auf der einen Seite die Verbesserung bestehender Angebote (Exploitation) berücksichtigen und auf der anderen Seite die Exploration neuer Angebote fördern (Ambidextrie) und entsprechende Anleitungen fehlen. Um Unternehmen bei der Entwicklung von Innovationsideen aus einer Ambidextrie-Perspektive zu unterstützen, stellt dieser Beitrag die relevanten Innovationstypen für etablierte Unternehmen aus einer Ressourcenperspektive vor. Der Beitrag zeigt auf, wie Unternehmen systematisch und ressourcenzentriert digitale Innovationsideen entwickeln können. Anhand von 136 digitalen Initiativen haben wir praxisrelevante Erkenntnisse für die Entwicklung von Innovationsideen abgeleitet. Abschließend sprechen wir Handlungsempfehlungen für Unternehmen aus, die vor ähnlichen (Innovations‑)Herausforderungen stehen und eine gezielte Entwicklung von digitalen Innovationen ergänzend zum bestehenden Produkt- und Service-Portfolio anstreben. Dies bietet Unternehmen Ansatzpunkte für die Anbindung an digitale Märkte und Ökosysteme sowie für die Stärkung ihre Wettbewerbsfähigkeit.
Dorfman pooling enhances SARS-CoV-2 large-scale community testing efficiency
Authors: Burtniak Julian , Hedley Adam , Dust Kerry , Van Caeseele Paul , Bullard Jared , Stein Derek R.
Published: April 2023

PCR-based analysis is the gold standard for detection of SARS-CoV-2 and was used broadly throughout the pandemic. However, heightened demand for testing put strain on diagnostic resources and the adequate amount of PCR-based testing required exceeded existing testing capacity. Pooled testing strategies presented an effective method to increase testing capacity by decreasing the number of tests and resources required for laboratory PCR analysis of SARS-CoV-2. We sought to conduct an analysis of SARS-CoV-2 pooling schemes to determine the sensitivity of various sized Dorfman pooling strategies and evaluate the utility of using such pooling strategies in diagnostic laboratory settings. Overall, a trend of decreasing sensitivity with larger pool sizes was observed, with modest sensitivity losses in the largest pools tested, and high sensitivity in all other pools. Efficiency data was then calculated to determine the optimal Dorfman pool sizes based on test positivity rate. This was correlated with current presumptive test positivity to maximize the number of tests saved, thereby increasing testing capacity and resource efficiency in the community setting. Dorfman pooling methods were evaluated and found to offer a high-throughput solution to SARS-CoV-2 clinical testing that improve resource efficiency in low-resource environments.
Willingness intensity and co-evolution of decision rationality depending on aspiration enhance cooperation in the spatial public goods game
Authors: Lu Shounan , Zhu Ge , Dai Jianhua
Published: April 2023

The Fermi rule states that rational or irrational sentiment affects individual decision-making. Existing studies have assumed that individuals’ irrational sentiments and behavior willingness have fixed values and do not change with time. In reality, people’s rationality sentiment and behavior willingness may be influenced by some factors. Therefore, we propose a spatial public goods game mechanism, in which individuals’ rational sentiment is co-evolution synchronously depending on the difference between aspiration and payoff. Moreover, the intensity of their subjective willingness to change the status quo depends on the gap between aspiration and payoff. We likewise compare the combined promotion effect of the stochastic “Win-Stay-Lose-Shift” (WSLS) and random imitation (IM) rules. Simulation experiments indicate that high enhancement factors are not conducive to cooperation under the IM rules. When aspiration is small, WSLS is more conducive to promoting cooperation than IM, while increasing aspiration, and the opposite phenomenon will appear. The heterogeneous strategic update rule is beneficial to the evolution of cooperation. Lastly, we find that this mechanism performs better than the traditional case in enhancing cooperation.
Changes in eligibility for a subcutaneous cardioverter-defibrillator after implantation of a left ventricular assist device–A prospective analysis
Authors: Zormpas Christos , Mueller-Leisse Johanna , Hohmann Stephan , Eiringhaus Jörg , Hillmann Henrike Aenne Katrin , Schmitto Jan D. , Veltmann Christian , Duncker David
Published: April 2023

Background

The number of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) implanted in patients with end-stage heart failure is increasing. In this patient cohort, subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillators (S-ICDs) could be a promising alternative to transvenous ICDs due to lower infection rates and avoidance of venous access. However, eligibility for the S-ICD depends on ECG features that may be influenced by an LVAD. The aim of the present study was a prospective evaluation of S-ICD eligibility before and after LVAD implantation.

Methods

The study recruited all patients presenting at Hannover Medical School for LVAD implantation between 2016 and 2020. S-ICD eligibility was evaluated using the ECG-based and the device-based S-ICD screening test before and after LVAD implantation.

Results

Twenty-two patients (57.3 ± 8.7 years of age, 95.5% male) were included in the analysis. The most common underlying diseases were dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 16, 72.7%) and ischemic cardiomyopathy (n = 5, 22.7%). Before LVAD implantation 16 patients were found eligible for the S-ICD according to both screening tests (72.7%), but only 7 patients were eligible after LVAD, 31.8%; p = 0.05). Oversensing due to electromagnetic interference was observed in 6 patients (66.6%) found ineligible for S-ICD after LVAD implantation. A lower S wave amplitude in leads I (p = 0.009), II (p = 0.006) and aVF (p = 0.006) before LVAD implantation was associated with higher rate of S-ICD ineligibility after LVAD implantation.

Conclusion

LVAD implantation can impair S-ICD eligibility. Patients with lower S wave amplitude in leads I, II and aVF were more likely to be ineligible for S-ICD implantation after LVAD implantation. Thus, S-ICD therapy should be carefully considered in patients who are candidates for LVAD therapy.
Effects of chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 and 3 antagonists in rat models of hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Weche McWayne , DeSantis Anthony J. , McGee Michelle Y. , Enten Garrett A. , Gao Xianlong , Majetschak Matthias
Published: April 2023

Systemic concentrations of chemokine CCL2, an agonist at chemokine receptors CCR2/3/5, have been associated with hemodynamic instability after traumatic-hemorrhagic shock. We reported previously that the CCR2 antagonist INCB3284 prevents cardiovascular collapse and reduces fluid requirements after 30min of hemorrhagic shock (HS), whereas the CCR5 antagonist Maraviroc was ineffective. The effects of CCR3 blockade after HS are unknown and information on the therapeutic potential of INCB3284 after longer periods of HS and in HS models in the absence of fluid resuscitation (FR) is lacking. The aims of the present study were to assess the effects of CCR3 blockade with SB328437 and to further define the therapeutic efficacy of INCB3284. In series 1–3, Sprague-Dawley rats were hemorrhaged to a mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of 30mmHg, followed by FR to MAP of 60mmHg or systolic blood pressure of 90mmHg. Series 1: 30min HS and FR until t = 90min. SB328437 at t = 30min dose-dependently reduced fluid requirements by >60%. Series 2: 60min HS and FR until t = 300min. INCB3284 and SB328437 at t = 60min reduced fluid requirements by more than 65% (p<0.05 vs. vehicle) and 25% (p>0.05 vs. vehicle), respectively, until t = 220min. Thereafter, all animals developed a steep increase in fluid requirements. Median survival time was 290min with SB328437 and >300min after vehicle and INCB3284 treatment (p<0.05). Series 3: HS/FR as in series 2. INCB3284 at t = 60min and t = 200min reduced fluid requirements by 75% until t = 300min (p<0.05 vs. vehicle). Mortality was 70% with vehicle and zero with INCB3284 treatment (p<0.05). Series 4: INCB3284 and SB328437 did not affect survival time in a lethal HS model without FR. Our findings further support the assumption that blockade of the major CCL2 receptor CCR2 is a promising approach to improve FR after HS and document that the dosing of INCB3284 can be optimized.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of anti-thymocyte globulin dosage as a component of graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis
Authors: Zuckermann Joice , Castro Bruno Mateus de , Cunha Thiago Almirante , Paz Alessandra , Moreira Leila Beltrami
Published: April 2023

Rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) has been used in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT) for graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis. Since the best dose has not been defined yet, this study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of different doses of ATG in Allo-HSCT. Data sources were MEDLINE/PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, LILACS, and SciELO. Studies were eligible when comparing doses of ATG. The higher dose was in the intervention group. A total of 22 articles (2002–2022) were included. Higher doses (4–12 mg/kg) of ATG-T reduced the incidence of grade III-IV acute GvHD (RR 0.60; 95%CI 0.42–0.84) and limited chronic GvHD (RR 0.64 95%CI 0.45–0.92) compared with lower doses (2–7.5 mg/kg). Higher doses increased the Epstein-Barr virus (RR 1.90 95% CI 1.49–2.42) and Cytomegalovirus reactivation (RR, 1.30; 95% CI 1.03–1.64). Relapse rates were higher in the higher dose group (RR 1.34, 95% CI 1.07–167). The ATG-T dose ≥7mg/kg versus the lower dose showed a number needed to treat 7.4 for acute GvHD III-IV, with a number to harm of 7.7 for relapse at one year in the higher dose group. A dose lower than 7 mg/kg suggests a better risk-benefit ratio than a higher one. Well-designed RCT is needed to define the best risk-benefit doses.

Trial registration: Trial registration number: PROSPERO: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020173449.
Knockout of the neonatal Fc receptor alters immune complex trafficking and lysosomal function in cultured podocytes
Authors: Haddad George , Dylewski James , Evans River , Lewis Linda , Blaine Judith
Published: April 2023

Podocytes are key to preventing the filtration of serum proteins into the urine. Recent evidence also suggests that in immune mediated kidney diseases, podocytes are the targets of immune complexes (ICs). The mechanisms whereby podocytes handle and respond to ICs remain unknown. The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is involved in IgG handling in podocytes and is also required in dendritic cells to traffic ICs to the lysosome for proteolytic degradation of antigen and presentation on MHC II. Here we examine the role of FcRn in handling ICs in podocytes. We show that knockout of FcRn in podocytes results in decreased trafficking of ICs to the lysosome and increases IC trafficking to recycling endosomes. FcRn KO also alters lysosomal distribution, decreases lysosomal surface area and decreases cathepsin B expression and activity. We demonstrate that signaling pathways in cultured podocytes differ after treatment with IgG alone versus ICs and that podocyte proliferation in both WT and KO podocytes is suppressed by IC treatment. Our findings suggest that podocytes respond differentially to IgG versus ICs and that FcRn modifies the lysosomal response to ICs. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying podocyte handling of ICs may provide novel pathways to modulate immune mediated kidney disease progression.
História de uma maldição
Authors: Cugini Paolo
Published: April 2023

O presente trabalho quer oferecer uma reflexão atualizadas sobre alguns temas do debate da teologia feminista, que estão provocando positivamente a teologia e o Magistério oficial da Igreja. Os estudos exegéticos e históricos das teólogas elaborados nos últimos anos permitiram um olhar diferente, uma saída do centro, pra ver melhor, um olhar que não fosse influenciado pelo pensamento único e manipulador usado por quem detém o poder. O processo de desmascaramento e desmitificação dos papéis sociais exercidos pela estrutura paternalista e andrógina da sociedade, realizada pela teologia feminina, liberta as mulheres para sempre da submissão ancestral aos homens. Não existe fundamento de qualquer tipo que justifique a desigualdade entre homem e mulher e a submissão da mulher ao homem. A reestruturação das estratificações culturais do mundo ocidental, desmascarando o engano perpetrado ao longo dos séculos para manter as mulheres submissas em todos os níveis do tecido social, leva à restauração da ordem no mundo, à recolocar as coisas na ordem que o Criador quis.
Estabilidade global de cortinas mono-ancoradas sob acções sísmicas
Authors: Mesquita José Maria , Guerra Nuno
Published: April 2023

Neste estudo apresenta-se uma metodologia de dimensionamento em relação à estabilidade global de estruturas de suporte flexíveis mono-ancoradas, sob acções sísmicas, em solo respondendo em condições drenadas. O procedimento seguido assenta no método do apoio simples para a determinação da profundidade enterrada e no método de Broms para a determinação do comprimento da ancoragem. A acção sísmica é simulada através de forças estáticas equivalentes. Procede-se a uma análise paramétrica onde se avaliam as influências da intensidade da acção sísmica através do ângulo de inércia sísmico, do ângulo de resistência ao corte do solo, da inclinação das ancoragens e do valor da sobrecarga uniforme actuante no terreno suportado. Com base nos resultados, propõe-se um critério para a localização da selagem da ancoragem em função do ângulo de resistência ao corte do solo e do ângulo de inércia sísmico.
The first study on antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw goat milk associated with subclinical mastitis in Siliragung Subdistrict, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Praja Ratih Novita , Yudhana Aditya , Saputro Amung Logam , Hamonangan Jonathan Mark
Published: April 2023

Background and Aim: Raw goat milk is a highly nutritious dairy product and a suitable medium for the growth of antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, the leading cause of subclinical mastitis. This study aimed to investigate the resistance status of S. aureus which isolated from goat milk associated with subclinical mastitis cases in Siliragung Subdistrict, Banyuwangi District, East Java, Indonesia.

Materials and Methods: The S. aureus isolates were recovered from 258 raw goat milk samples from seven different dairy goat farms. Preliminary screening of subclinical mastitis using the California mastitis test, then samples with score +3 and +4 were taken for further isolation and identification, followed by a biochemical test to determine the S. aureus. Moreover, the bacteria susceptibility test against several antimicrobials was done using the disk diffusion method.

Results: Based on our findings, a total of 66 (25.58%) raw goat milk samples were tested positive for S. aureus, of which 36.36% were identified as multidrug-resistant. Moreover, S. aureus were also identified as resistant to penicillin (81.82%), ampicillin (65.15%), erythromycin (50.52%), and gentamicin (36.09%).

Conclusion: The prevalence of S. aureus isolated from raw goat milk associated with subclinical mastitis in Siliragung Subdistrict, Banyuwangi District, Indonesia, was recorded at 25.58%. Moreover, 36.36% of S. aureus isolates were categorized as resistant to three or more classes of antibiotics. The biosafety and biosecurity procedures during the milking process should be strengthened in dairy goat farms to prevent the transmission of antimicrobial resistance among animals, humans, and environments.

Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, food security, infectious disease, public health, tropical disease.
Disseminated Mycobacterium avium Complex Infection in a Patient Treated With Immunosuppressants
Authors: Ito Yuki , Watanabe Daisuke , Ikeda Sayaka , Okamoto Norihiro , Miyazaki Haruka , Tokunaga Eri , Ku Yuna , Ooi Makoto , Hoshi Namiko , Kodama Yuzo
Published: April 2023

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is an important cause of opportunistic infections in immunosuppressed hosts, such as patients with HIV infection and solid organ transplant recipients. MAC disease usually presents in 4 distinct clinical categories: chronic pulmonary disease, disseminated disease, skin/soft-tissue infection, and superficial lymphadenitis. However, clinical reports on gastrointestinal (GI) MAC disease are rare, especially in patients without HIV infection or a history of organ transplantation. We describe a case of non-HIV-associated GI MAC disease in a patient with long-term mycophenolate mofetil use. In this case, MAC organisms in the GI tract and ascites were observed. Endoscopy revealed a unique colonic image with large, deep epithelial denudations. This suggests that apart from patients with HIV infection or transplant recipients, those treated with immunosuppressants can have disseminated MAC. Therefore, internal physicians need to monitor patients undergoing mycophenolate mofetil immunosuppressant therapy.
Europäische Galaxien
Authors: Gerstl Doris
Published: April 2023

Doris Gerstl widmet sich dem Topos der Mondreise in Literatur und Theater.
Das wunderbare Rechnen zum Tode
Authors: Winthrop-Young Geoffrey
Published: April 2023

Geoffrey Winthrop-Young widmet sich in seinem Beitrag der Frage, wie der Steampunk-Klassiker "The Difference Engine" von Willam Gibson und Bruce Sterling evolutionstheoretische Konzepte des Paläontologen Stephen Jay Gould aufgreift, um den im Roman dargestellten abweichenden Geschichtsverlauf zu erklären. Im Roman weicht die Weltgeschichte ab, weil es dem Computerpionier Charles Babbage gelingt, seinen frühen Großrechner zu entwicklen; im Gegenzug ist es aber gerade die Computertechnologie, welche einige der evolutionären Ideen Goulds ermöglichte.
Wahrnehmen und Erinnern, Denken und Vergessen
Authors: Kittler Wolf
Published: April 2023

Wolf Kittler liest Jorge Luis Borges' Erzählung "Funes el memorioso" als eine kurze, ironische Antwort auf Wort- und Materialfülle von James James Joyces Romanen "Ulysses" und "Finnegans Wake," eine Antwort, die das Phantasma des perfekten Gedächtnisses ein für alle Mal widerlegt. Instrument dieser Widerlegung ist Georg Cantors Unterscheidung zwischen abzählbaren und überabzählbaren Unendlichkeiten, die, wie Borges sagt, tödlich für Friedrich Nietzsches Zarathustra ist. Denn dessen These von der ewigen Wiederkehr des Gleichen gilt nur dann, wenn die Welt aus einer grossen, aber endlichen Menge von Atomen besteht. Nicht die Welt, sondern nur unsere Wahrnehmung dieser Welt ist bestimmt durch die ewige Wiederkehr des Gleichen. Denn die Bedingung der Möglichkeit der Erinnerung und damit des Denkens ist das Vergessen, die Zerlegung des Kontinuums in die diskrete Einheiten der Wörter und der Zahlen.
"Only dead men have sunk below this."
Authors: Ottmann Solveig , Roesler-Keilholz Silke
Published: April 2023

Solveig Ottmann und Silke Roesler-Keilholz begeben sich in die Tiefe des Ozeans als heterotopem Raum. Begleitet man den Menschen auf seinem Tauchgang, wird deutlich, dass diese Erschließung sowohl eine Technikmediengeschichte der Ermöglichung des Eintritts des Menschen in die Tiefsee als auch eine Technikmediengeschichte des Ausschlusses des menschlichen Körpers aus ebenjener ist. Auf ihrem Streifzug verfolgen die Autorinnen den Ermächtigungsweg des Menschen, der zunächst zum technologisch aufgerüsteten Unterwasser-Flaneur avancierte, bevor er sukzessive wieder zum an der Wasseroberfläche festgesetzten Operateur von Apparaturen und Analysten von Signalen wurde.
Dinge am Werk
Authors: Krause Katharina
Published: April 2023

Anhand dreier exemplarischer Mensch-Ding-Assoziationen erkundet dieser Beitrag Alternativen der Theoretisierung von Materialität und wirbt für eine Perspektive, die damit rechnet, dass Dinge mit, neben und gegen Menschen am Werk sind. Am Beispiel eines Kerzenkreuzes in der Hamburger Kirche St. Petri wird illustriert, wie sich dieses Anliegen, in eine eine (auto-/ethnografische) Forschungsstrategie übersetzen lässt.
Kunstbildanalyse und christliches Erbe in Forschung und Lehre
Authors: Le Grand-Ticchi Sylvie
Published: April 2023

In diesem Beitrag reflektiert Sylvie Le Grand die eigene Lehr- und Forschungspraxis zum Objekt "Kunstbild" und zum Thema "Christliches Erbe" vor dem Hintergrund zweier in Frankreich relevanten, wissenschaftlichen Traditionen, der Laïcité im Schulbereich einerseits und einer interdisziplinär verstandenen Germanistik andererseits. Diese werden mit erinnerungstheoretischen und ikonographischen bzw. ikonologischen Ansätzen in Beziehung gesetzt. Unter Heranziehung historiografischer Standardwerke dienen hier der Rückblick auf das Geleistete im Zusammenhang mit der gegenkulturellen Ausstrahlung des Christlichen in der DDR und der Ausblick auf kommende Projekte zur Vielschichtigkeit des Sehens und den Voraussetzungen zur Bildbetrachtung der methodologischen Selbstvergewisserung. Sie verstehen sich gleichzeitig als Aufforderung zum Dialog.
Der Solinger Brandanschlag im Spiegel der Presse
Authors: Gür-Seker Derya
Published: April 2023

Derya Gür-Şeker analysiert in diesem Beitrag medien- und diskurslinguistisch die Medienberichterstattung über den Brandanschlag in Solingen 1993. Dabei werden in Anlehnung an die Ziele des Sammelbandes, Betroffenenperspektiven in den Fokus zu rücken, akteursspezifische Perspektiven eingenommen, die mediale Praktiken der Berichterstattung über die Betroffenen beleuchten. Hierfür werden ausgewählte Zeitungsberichte korpuslinguistisch, das heißt unter Einbezug von Häufigkeiten, mit Fokus auf Sprachgebrauch, Kontexte von Wörtern sowie betroffenenspezifischer Benennungspraktiken untersucht - insbesondere mit Blick auf die Familie Genç. Ziel ist es, Regelhaftigkeiten und Mechanismen der medialen Darstellung im Zeitverlauf zu bestimmen und linguistisch zu analysieren.
»Der Auftrag, der sich daraus ergibt …«
Authors: Thomas Tanja
Published: April 2023

Tanja Thomas veranschaulicht anhand des Hörspiels "türken, feuer" (Dündar, 2020) und des Kurzfilms "Deine Straße" (Kar, 2020) die Notwendigkeit eines interventionistischen "Doing Memory" an den Brandanschlag in Solingen 1993. Es sind dies Beispiele für ein mediales Erinnern, das dem Verschweigen der Kontinuitäten rechter Gewalt in der deutschen Gesellschaft nach 1945 ebenso entgegentritt wie einem täglich erlebbaren, strukturell verankerten Rassismus; ein Erinnern, das Leid anerkennt und Betrauerbarkeit ermöglicht. Sie sollten genutzt und gefördert werden, so argumentiert der Beitrag, um Auseinandersetzungen über öffentliches Erinnern und Beschweigen der Erfahrungen rechter Gewalt in Gang zu setzen und um somit Voraussetzungen zu schaffen für solidarisches Zusammenleben in einer Gesellschaft der Vielen.
Die »Leib Christi«-Metapher
Authors: Wendel Saskia
Published: April 2023

Die »Leib Christi«-Metapher ist in ihrer Relevanz für Christologie, Ekklesiologie und Sakramententheologie eine Schlüsselkategorie. Zugleich besitzt sie eine legitimierende Funktion insbesondere im Blick auf das traditionelle katholische Amts- und Kirchenverständnis. Saskia Wendel nimmt eine kritische Relektüre dieser Funktion sowie der Genese und Bestimmung der »Leib Christi«-Metapher und der damit verknüpften sozialen Konstruktionen des individuellen Körpers Jesu aus gendertheoretischer Perspektive vor. Sie lotet theologische Alternativvorschläge zu einem universal verstandenen Leib Christi kritisch aus und skizziert ein eigenes Modell einer »gendersensiblen« Theologie.
Postmoderne Bildparodien
Authors: Hornauer Johanna
Published: April 2023

Die gesellschaftliche Relevanz visueller Kommunikation nimmt immer weiter zu. Postmoderne Bildparodien sind Teil dieser Kultur. Dabei erschöpfen sie sich nicht im Aspekt des Komischen. Johanna Hornauer erläutert am Beispiel ausgewählter Werke von Sigmar Polke, dass Bildparodien eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit Geschichte als autoritativer Instanz darstellen. Ihre Untersuchung von postmodernen Bildparodien als ästhetischer Praxis und Intervention in bestehende (Herrschafts-)Diskurse entwickelt neue Analysestrategien und fördert damit unter medienkritischer Perspektive ein generelles »Lesenlernen« von Bildern, das im Museum ebenso nützlich ist wie auf Social Media.
Der Gang aufs Land
Authors: Seel Henri J.
Published: April 2023

Seit mehreren Jahren wird in einer Vielzahl von Büchern von Umzügen in ländliche Gebiete und von der Entdeckung eines neuen, unbekannten Ortes erzählt - so z.B. bei Dieter Moor, Dörte Hansen oder Juli Zeh. In diesen Texten entsteht »das Land« als fremdes Gegenüber einer urbanisierten Gesellschaft, über das es etwas zu lernen gibt. Henri J. Seel widmet sich dem Land als Wissensobjekt und deutet dessen Entstehen als Ergebnis eines Gefüges aus gesellschaftlichen Erzähltraditionen sowie Raum- und Wissensordnungen. Er stellt in einer Poetologie des Wissens über das Land fest, dass die Erkundung des ruralen Raums auch Ausdruck eines Deutungskampfes um »das gute Leben« ist.
Füße Binden. Ein Forum
Authors: Ko Dorothy , Gates Hill , Brown Melissa , Shepherd John , Yan-Wei Miao
Published: April 2023

In this article, Hill Gates is dedicated to the question of why footbinding persisted and spread in China for more than a thousand years despite its cruel crippling of little girls. In an economy based mainly on unwaged family production of agricultural and other goods, the labor of still unmarried girls had value to their natal families, notably in spinning textile fibers, if only such children could be kept at work. Although the practice generated many cultural justifications, its driving force came from an ever-increasing pressure to use all available labor as China's preindustrial political economy experienced intensification.
Pathologie und Attraktionen
Authors: Osten Philipp
Published: April 2023

Die Skepsis gegenüber der Nutzung menschlicher Körper für Forschung und Unterricht hat eine eigene Geschichte. Sie reicht von der in Großbritannien im 18. Jahrhundert aufkommenden Furcht vor den Resurrectionists genannten Grabräubern im Dienst privater Anatomieschulen über intransparente Aneignungspraktiken in Kliniken der Nachkriegszeit bis hin zu dem Verdacht, der als Professor firmierende Plastinator Gunter von Hagens stelle in seinen Körperwelten-Ausstellungen die Opfer von Hinrichtungen in Pose. In diesen Fällen bemühte sich die akademische Medizin unverzüglich um Distanzierung. Anders verhält es sich bei den spät ,aufgefundenen' Präparaten von Opfern der Medizin im Nationalsozialismus und den umfangreichen Sammlungen von human remains aus rassenkundlichen und ethnographischen Interessen. Die mit ihrem ,Erwerb' verbundenen Verbrechen fanden innerhalb akademischer Diskurse statt. Kritische Auseinandersetzungen mit den Akteur:innen wurden energisch zurückgewiesen, Forderungen nach Überprüfung von Sammlungen als Angriffe auf eine ganze Wissenschaftskultur interpretiert. Bitten um professionelle Sichtungen von Sammlungsbeständen setzten Vertreter:innen anatomischer Institute nicht selten mit der generellen Ablehnung von Sektionen und der Nutzung von Leichen für wissenschaftliche Zwecke gleich. Die Ansinnen wurden als Angriffe auf das Fach dargestellt und als naturwissenschaftsfeindlich zurückgewiesen. Dieser Beitrag spricht die historischen Kontexte an, die Debatten über menschliche Präparate und ihre Herkunft bis heute prägen.
Zwischen Imperialismus und Kulturaustausch
Authors: Yijie Zhu
Published: April 2023

Yijie Zhu widmet sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage der deutschen kolonialen Spuren in der chinesischen Stadt Qingdao. Unter deutscher Herrschaft im Kiautschou-Gebiet gab es mehrere Krankenhäuser und Mädchenschulen. Im kolonialen Hintergrund hatten sie aber auch zum Kulturaustausch beigetragen, sodass sie bis heute ihre eigentlichen Funktionen beibehalten und weiter zur Stadtentwicklung dienen.
Zögernde Hände an zierlichen Schuhen
Authors: Flitsch Mareile
Published: April 2023

Mareile Flitsch widmet sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage der Handlungsmacht von Frauen mit gebundenen Füssen seit Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts in China. Das Fussbinden war eine Kulturtechnik des Kleinhaltens der Füsse durch das Binden der Zehen unter den Fuss. Einst Inbegriff von Weiblichkeit, Fleiss, Disziplin, Schönheit, wurden gebundene Füsse im Moment der ausgehenden Kaiserzeit und der beginnenden Moderne zum Inbegriff von Rückständigkeit, zum Stigma. In dieser für die Frauen dramatisch raschen Umdeutung lag eine besondere Tragik, war doch das Binden in vielen Fällen nicht umkehrbar. Ein allgemeines Körperwissen wurde zum Insiderinnenwissen, das Vorzeigen der Füsse wich Techniken des Verdeckens.
Paulo Freire: um olhar para a história de alfabetização do Educador da liberdade
Authors: Neves Josélia Gomes
Published: April 2023

A história inicial de aprendizagem da leitura e da escrita de profissionais da literatura e educação representou a principal mobilização deste trabalho. O objetivo foi compreender como ocorreu o processo de alfabetização de Paulo Freire. Embora existam registros sobre essa trajetória, avaliamos ser necessária uma elaboração mais específica sobre o tema, sobretudo pela importância que o ato de alfabetizar teve na vida do educador ao longo de sua vida. A metodologia adotada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica e a pesquisa narrativa. A alfabetização de Paulo Freire desde cedo vislumbrava um conjunto de aprendizagens envolvendo o binômio, condição social e saber formal, aspectos pedagógicos inseparáveis também em seus trabalhos, o que o levava a rejeitar as proposições mecanicistas das cartilhas. Assim, muitos dos elementos presentes em seu processo de compreensão do sistema da leitura e da escrita repercutiram profundamente no decorrer de sua atuação crítica, educadora e humanista.
Piedras en la mochila: duelo y estrés en jóvenes migrantes sin acompañamiento
Authors: Palacín Bartroli Càndid , Herrera-Gutierrez Maria-Rosa , Montagud Mayor Xavier , Velasco Vázquez Miren Koldobike
Published: April 2023

Es una evidencia que el proceso migratorio produce consecuencias físicas y emocionales. Para adolescentes y jóvenes sin acompañamiento de un referente familiar, los efectos de este tránsito en su salud mental suelen asociarse a la ansiedad y depresión con riesgo de cronicidad; profundizando su vulnerabilidad. Este trabajo aborda los sentimientos de pérdida, duelo y estrés que experimentan estos/as jóvenes, pero también la elaboración del vínculo como herramienta en la intervención socioeducativa. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa que recupera la voz de sus protagonistas: jóvenes migrantes y profesionales del sector. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto la incidencia de algunos estresores relevantes tales como el viaje o la ausencia de documentos, entre otros. También destaca la importancia del duelo, como elemento integrador de aquello perdido, el presente y la gestación de expectativas; así como el efecto estimable del vínculo como herramienta profesional para la intervención social con adolescentes y jóvenes.
Factores que influyen en la elección de la carrera docente en escuelas secundarias técnico-profesionales chilenas
Authors: Sevilla Maria Paola , Madero Cristóbal
Published: April 2023

A diferencia de los docentes de formación general (FG), los docentes formación diferenciada (FD) técnico profesional eligen la docencia como segunda carrera, luego de haber ganado experiencia en el mercado laboral. Este artículo examina sus motivaciones y percepciones distintivas en el ejercicio de la profesión docente, utilizando una versión adaptada del modelo de factores que influyen en la elección de la carrera docente (FIT-Choice). El modelo se aplica en una muestra de 1.117 docentes de FG y FD en escuelas secundarias técnico-profesionales chilenas. Se encuentra que ambos tipos de docentes coinciden en reportar motivaciones intrínsecas y altruistas, además de la habilidad por la enseñanza, como principales determinantes de la elección de la docencia. En cambio, los docentes de FD, en contraste con los de FG, valoran también la utilidad personal que la docencia reporta, por lo que exhiben en mayor medida múltiples motivaciones para el ejercicio de su profesión. Esto aun cuando el ingreso a la docencia no fue una alternativa buscada, sino el resultado de “circunstancias” que se presentaron en su trayectoria profesional. A partir de estos hallazgos se emanan recomendaciones de política de atracción docente en escuelas técnico-profesionales que reconocen el perfil distintivo de los docentes de FD.
A comprehensive review of non-alkaloidal metabolites from the subfamily Amaryllidoideae (Amaryllidaceae)
Authors: Ibrakaw Abobaker S. , Akinfenwa Akeem O. , Hussein Ahmed A.
Published: April 2023

Amaryllidoideae is a subfamily belonging to the Amaryllidaceae and is widely distributed in the southern hemisphere. The subfamily is well known for its content of pharmacologically active alkaloids and represents an important epicenter of Amaryllidaceae-alkaloid diversity. Other metabolites from Amaryllidoideae such as phenolics including flavonoids, lignans, chromones, and acetophenones, in addition to terpenoids and ceramides, have been reported and received less attention compared to alkaloids. Currently, 224 non-alkaloidal compounds have been isolated and identified from ∼7% of the subfamily members. Many of the isolated compounds showed interesting biological activities. Isolation of certain compounds such as flavans and phytosterols from Amaryllidoideae has significant taxonomical value among the Amaryllidaceae subfamilies. This article represents an extensive review of the non-alkaloidal chemical constituents of Amaryllidoideae and their biological activities including a brief discussion of their chemotaxonomical importance.
Heteropolyacid-loaded MOF-derived mesoporous zirconia catalyst for chemical degradation of rhodamine B
Authors: Wang Jialu , Yu Rongfei , Li Zhenying , Yang Fen , Luo Linmin , Wang Dandan , Cheng Huan , Zhang Yutao , Zhang Qiuyun
Published: April 2023

In this article, silicotungstic acid (STA)-loaded metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived composites (C-STA@ZrO2) were successfully synthesized by simple strategies. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, N2 physisorption, UV-vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques were used to characterize the as-obtained composites. Intriguingly, C-STA@ZrO2 exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance, and rhodamine B (RhB) (40 mg·L−1) in water can be degraded to 93.9% after 120 min of irradiation. Moreover, various catalysts, catalyst dosage, and dye concentrations on RhB degradation were evaluated. Besides, the reusability of C-STA@ZrO2 was also investigated. This work may provide a new and significant guideline for exploring excellent performance of MOF-derived hybrid material for wastewater purification.
Visual representation of ASUU strikes in Nigeria: a semiotic analysis of cartoons in selected Nigerian newspapers
Authors: Makinde Peter Oyewole
Published: April 2023

Until recently, the study of language and meaning of cartoons, the media discourses they generate, and their analysis as a creative means of exploring meaning-making processes as semiotic resources have not received much scholarly attention in Nigeria. Although cartoons that involve the use of satire and humour as visual representations of reality have gained prominence across many media platforms in Nigeria, only a few scholars have examined this from a social semiotics perspective. This has created a gap in the literature, thus creating room for a paradigm shift in the field of social semiotics. This study explores the semiotics of cartoons in selected Nigerian newspapers to examine the meaning-making resources employed in the visual representation of ASUU strikes in Nigeria. The study, therefore, examines how cartoonists manipulate symbols, signs, and other semiotic resources to convey specific meanings through visual and textual representations. The study adopts a qualitative research design; data comprising cartoons sourced from selected Vanguard Newspapers and websites are analyzed using Kress and Van Leeuwen’s visual semiotics and interpreted from the standpoints of Halliday’s Systematic Functional Linguistics (SFL) approach and O’Halloran’s position on metaphorical constructions of meaning. Here, metaphorical manipulation and representation of visual elements in the selected cartoons are interrogated. Findings from the study show the use of semiotic resources in the portrayer of reality in the context of the seemingly intractable ASUU strikes and their consequences on academic activities in Nigeria. This scholarly intervention deserves attention as it significantly contributes to the field of social semiotics through its visual representation in portraying challenges faced by the educational systems in Nigeria vis-à-vis poor government funding.
Organic photoredox catalysts: tuning the operating mechanisms in the degradation of pollutants
Authors: Blázquez-Moraleja Alberto , Cabezuelo Oscar , Martinez-Haya Rebeca , Schmidt Luciana C. , Bosca Francisco , Marin Maria Luisa
Published: April 2023

Photocatalysis is an emerging area of chemistry that takes advantage of light as the primary source of energy to carry out chemical transformations. In this context, organic photocatalysts appear as an alternative that has proven to be efficient in treating polluted effluents. Although organic photocatalysts are not able to generate hydroxyl radical, their photoactivated excited states generated using visible light can act as strong oxidants in most cases. In fact, pollutant photooxidation can be produced from an initial electron transfer between an excited state of an organic photocatalyst and the contaminant, generating their respective radical anion and cation (Type I mechanism). However, as most of the organic photocatalysts are able to generate singlet oxygen, pollutant degradation can also be initiated from this oxidative species (Type II mechanism). Moreover, the heterogenization of the photocatalysts seems the straightforward step to boost photostability and facilitate recovery after the reaction. In the present review, we chronicle our research progress and how interestingly, it cannot be assumed that the main reaction pathways of a photocatalyst are the same under homogeneous conditions as in heterogeneous media. Herein we have selected Rose Bengal (RB), Riboflavin (RF), and a perylene diimide derivative (PDI) to illustrate the different modes of action of these organic photocatalysts under homogeneous/heterogeneous conditions.
Room temperature X-ray absorption spectroscopy of metalloenzymes with drop-on-demand sample delivery at XFELs
Authors: Bogacz Isabel , Makita Hiroki , Simon Philipp S. , Zhang Miao , Doyle Margaret D. , Chatterjee Ruchira , Fransson Thomas , Weninger Clemens , Fuller Franklin , Gee Leland , Sato Takahiro , Seaberg Matthew , Alonso-Mori Roberto , Bergmann Uwe , Yachandra Vittal K. , Kern Jan , Yano Junko
Published: April 2023

X-ray crystallography and X-ray spectroscopy using X-ray free electron lasers plays an important role in understanding the interplay of structural changes in the protein and the chemical changes at the metal active site of metalloenzymes through their catalytic cycles. As a part of such an effort, we report here our recent development of methods for X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at XFELs to study dilute biological samples, available in limited volumes. Our prime target is Photosystem II (PS II), a multi subunit membrane protein complex, that catalyzes the light-driven water oxidation reaction at the Mn4CaO5 cluster. This is an ideal system to investigate how to control multi-electron/proton chemistry, using the flexibility of metal redox states, in coordination with the protein and the water network. We describe the method that we have developed to collect XAS data using PS II samples with a Mn concentration of <1 mM, using a drop-on-demand sample delivery method.
A study of the distribution of classes of lexical aspect in Spanish by Chinese learners of Spanish in oral narration
Authors: Sun Yuliang , Rodríguez Lourdes Díaz
Published: April 2023

This paper aims to analyze the non-native use of Spanish verbs of different aspectual classes by Mandarin Chinese speakers performing oral narrative tasks. In this work, we adopt Vendler’s (Vendler, Zeno. 1967. Linguistics in philosophy. Ithaca: Cornell University Press) lexical-aspect classification (states, activities, accomplishments, and achievements), and we analyze the Spanish L2 acquisition of these categories by sinophones both at the level of the lexical form acquisition and at the semantic level. Based on data obtained from two oral narrative tasks elicited from storyboard vignettes performed by three groups of learners of L2/L3 Spanish (ranging from B1 to C1 levels of the CEFR), this work supports Jiang’s (Jiang, Nan. 2000. Lexical development and representation in a second language. Applied Linguistics 21(1). 47–77) L2 lexical acquisition pattern at the lexical form level, as our sinophone learners show a similar pattern to the one observed in native speakers in the use of aspectual class of compositional form (accomplishments)and aspectual classes of individual form (states, activities and achievements). However, at the lexical semantic level, we found that, besides L2 proficiency, the properties of lexical semantics may also impact learners’ L2 lexical processing.
Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth in Compact Tension Specimen Using an Optical Extensometer
Authors: Zhang Shuiqiang , Zhu Qirui
Published: April 2023

In this investigation, fatigue crack growth (FCG) tests are performed on transformation induced plasticity steels to characterize the relevance of stress intensity and crack growth rates with standard compact tension (CT) specimens. An optical extensometer that can achieve real-time displacement measurement is developed based on digital image correlation. Instead of a displacement gauge, the optical extensometer is adopted in FCG tests to measure CT specimen crack opening displacement (COD). Compared with stress intensity, it is difficult to calculate crack growth rates with COD. Therefore, the compliance equation and incremental polynomial method are programmed with C++ languages to obtain the steady crack growth curve directly. The proposed method is verified with experimental results obtained by the displacement extensometer. In addition, the precision of the displacement measurement is assessed, and the error induced by displacement output rates is discussed.