bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Tomato Chlorosis Virus Complicates the Management of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus in Cultivated Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in the Southern United States
Authors: Kumar Manish , Kavalappara Saritha Raman , McAvoy Theodore , Hutton Samuel , Simmons Alvin M. , Bag Sudeep
Published: August 2023

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production in the USA has been severely impacted by the tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). Furthermore, a complex association of whitefly-transmitted TYLCV (genus, begomovirus) and tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV, genus, crinivirus) were recently identified in tomato. Several tomato cultivars were developed and commercialized with intermediate resistance (IR) against TYLCV-IL (Israel), the predominant strain of TYLCV found in Georgia, USA. TYLCV-resistant cultivars were tested in open field conditions against multiple whitefly-transmitted viruses in Georgia under natural disease pressure during the fall of 2022. The area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) over time showed a steady increase in disease severity among all cultivars. Further analysis of infected samples using high throughput sequencing (HTS) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) revealed the presence of TYLCV and ToCV in symptomatic upper and lower leaves, respectively. Moreover, the presence of both viruses in upper and lower leaves was determined. A mixed infection of both viruses, TYLCV and ToCV, resulted in severe disease development which may enhance the commercial tomato plants to break resistance and lead to decreased fruit quality and marketable yields.
Effectiveness of Clinic-Based Patient-Led Human Papillomavirus DNA Self-Sampling among HIV-Infected Women in Uganda
Authors: Nyabigambo Agnes , Mayega Roy William , Ginindza Themba Geoffrey
Published: August 2023

In Uganda, the uptake of cervical cancer (CC) screening services is low, at 46.7%, among HIV-infected women, and only 9% of these women adhere to annual CC screening. Some studies have evaluated the possibility of community or home-based human papillomavirus (HPV) self-collected vaginal swabs, but not clinic-based HPV self-collected vaginal swabs. Therefore, we propose a study to determine the efficacy of clinic-based versus home-based HPV DNA self-sampling among HIV-infected women attending a rural HIV clinic in Uganda. We believe that a randomized, single-blinded trial would achieve this objective, and so we have chosen it to guide the study. Including a total of 382 participants from a rural HIV clinic, randomized into a ratio of 1:1 for clinic- and home-based HPV self-sampling, would allow us to appropriately ascertain the difference in the uptake of HPV self-sampling between the two arms. The Integrated Biorepository of H3 Africa Uganda Laboratory would be used as a reference laboratory for the HPV DNA extraction, typing, and sequencing. At baseline, modified Poisson regression models would be used to measure factors associated with the prevalence of HPV and uptake in both arms at baseline. Visual inspection under acetic acid (VIA), as a gold-standard test for CC to grade for CIN, would be performed at 0 and 6 months among a random sample of 75 women with a self-collected HPV sample. The difference in uptake could be determined using the intention-to-treat analysis. The difference in the groups by each variable would be summarized as the standardized mean difference (i.e., the mean difference divided by the pooled standard deviation). The predictors of the time for which participants would continue with HPV self-sampling in both arms, recovery, and Cox proportional hazards regression would be used. At the bivariate level, the associations between each independent variable and time, with the time of continuing HPV self-sampling, would be computed. Crude hazard ratios and their 95% confidence interval would be used in the presentation of the results, with p-values < 0.05 considered significant at the bivariate level. Incremental cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) using a Markov model would be used to determine the cost of clinic-based HPV self-sampling. We believe that screening approaches to disease stratification could provide an insight into the merits and limitations of current approaches to the diagnosis of cervical cancer, and how these could eventually be implemented into HIV clinics in Uganda and other developing African countries. It is anticipated that the findings would guide the development of step-by-step guidelines for the HPV self-sampling approach.
Genetic Basis, New Diagnostic Approaches, and Updated Therapeutic Strategies of the Syndromic Aortic Diseases: Marfan, Loeys–Dietz, and Vascular Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome
Authors: Asta Laura , D’Angelo Gianluca A. , Marinelli Daniele , Benedetto Umberto
Published: August 2023

Syndromic aortic diseases (SADs) encompass various pathological manifestations affecting the aorta caused by known genetic factors, such as aneurysms, dissections, and ruptures. However, the genetic mutation underlying aortic pathology also gives rise to clinical manifestations affecting other vessels and systems. As a consequence, the main syndromes currently identified as Marfan, Loeys–Dietz, and vascular Ehlers–Danlos are characterized by a complex clinical picture. In this contribution, we provide an overview of the genetic mutations currently identified in order to have a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms. Moreover, an update is presented on the basis of the most recent diagnostic criteria, which enable an early diagnosis. Finally, therapeutic strategies are proposed with the goal of improving the rates of patient survival and the quality of life of those affected by these SADs.
An Overview of Lutein in the Lipid Membrane
Authors: Widomska Justyna , Subczynski Witold K. , Welc-Stanowska Renata , Luchowski Rafal
Published: August 2023

Lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin (a steroisomer of zeaxanthin) are macular pigments. They modify the physical properties of the lipid bilayers in a manner similar to cholesterol. It is not clear if these pigments are directly present in the lipid phase of the membranes, or if they form complexes with specific membrane proteins that retain them in high amounts in the correct place in the retina. The high content of macular pigments in the Henle fiber layer indicates that a portion of the lutein and zeaxanthin should not only be bound to the specific proteins but also directly dissolved in the lipid membranes. This high concentration in the prereceptoral region of the retina is effective for blue-light filtration. Understanding the basic mechanisms of these actions is necessary to better understand the carotenoid–membrane interaction and how carotenoids affect membrane physical properties—such as fluidity, polarity, and order—in relation to membrane structure and membrane dynamics. This review focuses on the properties of lutein.
Analysis of the RNA Editing Sites and Orthologous Gene Function of Transcriptome and Chloroplast Genomes in the Evolution of Five Deutzia Species
Authors: Cai Hongyu , Ren Yachao , Du Juan , Liu Lingyun , Long Lianxiang , Yang Minsheng
Published: August 2023

In this study, the chloroplast genomes and transcriptomes of five Deutzia genus species were sequenced, characterized, combined, and analyzed. A phylogenetic tree was constructed, including 32 other chloroplast genome sequences of Hydrangeoideae species. The results showed that the five Deutzia chloroplast genomes were typical circular genomes 156,860–157,025 bp in length, with 37.58–37.6% GC content. Repeat analysis showed that the Deutzia species had 41–45 scattered repeats and 199–201 simple sequence repeats. Comparative genomic and pi analyses indicated that the genomes are conservative and that the gene structures are stable. According to the phylogenetic tree, Deutzia species appear to be closely related to Kirengeshoma palmata and Philadelphus. By combining chloroplast genomic and transcriptomic analyses, 29–31 RNA editing events and 163–194 orthologous genes were identified. The ndh, rpo, rps, and atp genes had the most editing sites, and all RNA editing events were of the C-to-U type. Most of the orthologous genes were annotated to the chloroplast, mitochondria, and nucleus, with functions including energy production and conversion, translation, and protein transport. Genes related to the biosynthesis of monoterpenoids and flavonoids were also identified from the transcriptome of Deutzia spp. Our results will contribute to further studies of the genomic information and potential uses of the Deutzia spp.
Cleavage and Polyadenylation-Specific Factor 4 (CPSF4) Expression Is Associated with Enhanced Prostate Cancer Cell Migration and Cell Cycle Dysregulation, In Vitro
Authors: Choudhry Muhammad , Gamallat Yaser , Ghosh Sunita , Bismar Tarek A.
Published: August 2023

Potential oncogene cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 4 (CPSF4) has been linked to several cancer types. However, little research has been conducted on its function in prostate cancer (PCa). In benign, incidental, advanced, and castrate resistant PCa (CRPCa) patient samples, protein expression of CPSF4 was examined on tissue microarray (TMAs) of 353 PCa patients using immunohistochemistry. Using the ‘The Cancer Genome Atlas’ Prostate Adenocarcinoma (TCGA PRAD) database, significant correlations were found between high CPSF4 expression and high-risk genomic abnormalities such as ERG-fusion, ETV1-fusion, and SPOP mutations. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of CPSF4 revealed evidence for the increase in biological processes such as cellular proliferation and metastasis. We further examined the function of CPSF4 in vitro and confirmed CPSF4 clinical outcomes and its underlying mechanism. Our findings showed a substantial correlation between Gleason groups and CPSF4 protein expression. In vitro, CPSF4 knockdown reduced cell invasion and migration while also causing G1 and G2 arrest in PC3 cell lines. Our findings demonstrate that CPSF4 may be used as a possible biomarker in PCa and support its oncogenic function in cellular proliferation and metastasis.
Bergamot Polyphenolic Extract Combined with Albedo and Pulp Fibres Counteracts Changes in Gut Microbiota Associated with High-Fat Diet: Implications for Lipoprotein Size Re-Arrangement
Authors: Mollace Rocco , Macrì Roberta , Nicita Martina , Musolino Vincenzo , Gliozzi Micaela , Carresi Cristina , Bava Irene , Maiuolo Jessica , Tavernese Annamaria , Cardamone Antonio , Tucci Luigi , Trunfio Giuseppe , Janda Elzbieta , Palma Ernesto , Muscoli Carolina , Barillà Francesco , Federici Massimo , Scarano Federica , Mollace Vincenzo
Published: August 2023

Evidence exists that the gut microbiota contributes to the alterations of lipid metabolism associated with high-fat diet (HFD). Moreover, the gut microbiota has been found to modulate the metabolism and absorption of dietary lipids, thereby affecting the formation of lipoproteins occurring at the intestinal level as well as systemically, though the pathophysiological implication of altered microbiota composition in HFD and its role in the development of atherosclerotic vascular disease (ATVD) remain to be better clarified. Recently, evidence has been collected indicating that supplementation with natural polyphenols and fibres accounts for an improvement of HFD-associated intestinal dysbiosis, thereby leading to improved lipidaemic profile. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of a bergamot polyphenolic extract (BPE) containing 48% polyphenols enriched with albedo and pulp-derived micronized fibres (BMF) in the gut microbiota of HFD-induced dyslipidaemia. In particular, rats that received an HFD over a period of four consecutive weeks showed a significant increase in plasma cholesterol, triglycerides and plasma glucose compared to a normal-fat diet (NFD) group. This effect was accompanied by body weight increase and alteration of lipoprotein size and concentration, followed by high levels of MDA, a biomarker of lipid peroxidation. Treatment with a combination of BPE plus BMF (50/50%) resulted in a significant reduction in alterations of the metabolic parameters found in HFD-fed rats, an effect associated with increased size of lipoproteins. Furthermore, the effect of BPE plus BMF treatment on metabolic balance and lipoprotein size re-arrangement was associated with reduced gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels, an effect subsequent to improved gut microbiota as expressed by modulation of the Gram-negative bacteria Proteobacteria, as well as Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. This study suggests that nutraceutical supplementation of HFD-fed rats with BPE and BMP or with their combination product leads to restored gut microbiota, an effect associated with lipoprotein size re-arrangement and better lipidaemic and metabolic profiles.
Three-Dimensional Printing of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(3HB-co-3HV)] Biodegradable Scaffolds: Properties, In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation
Authors: Shishatskaya Ekaterina I. , Demidenko Aleksey V. , Sukovatyi Aleksey G. , Dudaev Alexey E. , Mylnikov Aleksey V. , Kisterskij Konstantin A. , Volova Tatiana G.
Published: August 2023

The results of constructing 3D scaffolds from degradable poly(3-hydrosbutyrpate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) using FDM technology and studying the structure, mechanical properties, biocompatibility in vitro, and osteoplastic properties in vivo are presented. In the process of obtaining granules, filaments, and scaffolds from the initial polymer material, a slight change in the crystallization and glass transition temperature and a noticeable decrease in molecular weight (by 40%) were registered. During the compression test, depending on the direction of load application (parallel or perpendicular to the layers of the scaffold), the 3D scaffolds had a Young’s modulus of 207.52 ± 19.12 and 241.34 ± 7.62 MPa and compressive stress tensile strength of 19.45 ± 2.10 and 22.43 ± 1.89 MPa, respectively. SEM, fluorescent staining with DAPI, and calorimetric MTT tests showed the high biological compatibility of scaffolds and active colonization by NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, which retained their metabolic activity for a long time (up to 10 days). The osteoplastic properties of the 3D scaffolds were studied in the segmental osteotomy test on a model defect in the diaphyseal zone of the femur in domestic Landrace pigs. X-ray and histological analysis confirmed the formation of fully mature bone tissue and complete restoration of the defect in 150 days of observation. The results allow us to conclude that the constructed resorbable 3D scaffolds are promising for bone grafting.
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying NMDARs Dysfunction and Their Role in ADHD Pathogenesis
Authors: Kuś Justyna , Saramowicz Kamil , Czerniawska Maria , Wiese Wojciech , Siwecka Natalia , Rozpędek-Kamińska Wioletta , Kucharska-Lusina Aleksandra , Strzelecki Dominik , Majsterek Ireneusz
Published: August 2023

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, although the aetiology of ADHD is not yet understood. One proposed theory for developing ADHD is N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) dysfunction. NMDARs are involved in regulating synaptic plasticity and memory function in the brain. Abnormal expression or polymorphism of some genes associated with ADHD results in NMDAR dysfunction. Correspondingly, NMDAR malfunction in animal models results in ADHD-like symptoms, such as impulsivity and hyperactivity. Currently, there are no drugs for ADHD that specifically target NMDARs. However, NMDAR-stabilizing drugs have shown promise in improving ADHD symptoms with fewer side effects than the currently most widely used psychostimulant in ADHD treatment, methylphenidate. In this review, we outline the molecular and genetic basis of NMDAR malfunction and how it affects the course of ADHD. We also present new therapeutic options related to treating ADHD by targeting NMDAR.
Investigational Drugs for the Treatment of Postherpetic Neuralgia: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Huerta Miguel Á. , Garcia Miguel M. , García-Parra Beliu , Serrano-Afonso Ancor , Paniagua Nancy
Published: August 2023

The pharmacological treatment of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is unsatisfactory, and there is a clinical need for new approaches. Several drugs under advanced clinical development are addressed in this review. A systematic literature search was conducted in three electronic databases (Medline, Web of Science, Scopus) and in the ClinicalTrials.gov register from 1 January 2016 to 1 June 2023 to identify Phase II, III and IV clinical trials evaluating drugs for the treatment of PHN. A total of 18 clinical trials were selected evaluating 15 molecules with pharmacological actions on nine different molecular targets: Angiotensin Type 2 Receptor (AT2R) antagonism (olodanrigan), Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel (VGCC) α2δ subunit inhibition (crisugabalin, mirogabalin and pregabalin), Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel (VGSC) blockade (funapide and lidocaine), Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibition (TRK-700), Adaptor-Associated Kinase 1 (AAK1) inhibition (LX9211), Lanthionine Synthetase C-Like Protein (LANCL) activation (LAT8881), N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonism (esketamine), mu opioid receptor agonism (tramadol, oxycodone and hydromorphone) and Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) inhibition (fulranumab). In brief, there are several drugs in advanced clinical development for treating PHN with some of them reporting promising results. AT2R antagonism, AAK1 inhibition, LANCL activation and NGF inhibition are considered first-in-class analgesics. Hopefully, these trials will result in a better clinical management of PHN.
Modulation of Voltage-Gating and Hysteresis of Lysenin Channels by Cu2+ Ions
Authors: Bogard Andrew , Finn Pangaea W. , Smith Aviana R. , Flacau Ilinca M. , Whiting Rose , Fologea Daniel
Published: August 2023

The intricate voltage regulation presented by lysenin channels reconstituted in artificial lipid membranes leads to a strong hysteresis in conductance, bistability, and memory. Prior investigations on lysenin channels indicate that the hysteresis is modulated by multivalent cations which are also capable of eliciting single-step conformational changes and transitions to stable closed or sub-conducting states. However, the influence on voltage regulation of Cu2+ ions, capable of completely closing the lysenin channels in a two-step process, was not sufficiently addressed. In this respect, we employed electrophysiology approaches to investigate the response of lysenin channels to variable voltage stimuli in the presence of small concentrations of Cu2+ ions. Our experimental results showed that the hysteretic behavior, recorded in response to variable voltage ramps, is accentuated in the presence of Cu2+ ions. Using simultaneous AC/DC stimulation, we were able to determine that Cu2+ prevents the reopening of channels previously closed by depolarizing potentials and the channels remain in the closed state even in the absence of a transmembrane voltage. In addition, we showed that Cu2+ addition reinstates the voltage gating and hysteretic behavior of lysenin channels reconstituted in neutral lipid membranes in which lysenin channels lose their voltage-regulating properties. In the presence of Cu2+ ions, lysenin not only regained the voltage gating but also behaved like a long-term molecular memory controlled by electrical potentials.
Decoding Neurodegeneration: A Comprehensive Review of Molecular Mechanisms, Genetic Influences, and Therapeutic Innovations
Authors: Voicu Victor , Tataru Calin Petre , Toader Corneliu , Covache-Busuioc Razvan-Adrian , Glavan Luca Andrei , Bratu Bogdan-Gabriel , Costin Horia Petre , Corlatescu Antonio Daniel , Ciurea Alexandru Vlad
Published: August 2023

Neurodegenerative disorders often acquire due to genetic predispositions and genomic alterations after exposure to multiple risk factors. The most commonly found pathologies are variations of dementia, such as frontotemporal dementia and Lewy body dementia, as well as rare subtypes of cerebral and cerebellar atrophy-based syndromes. In an emerging era of biomedical advances, molecular–cellular studies offer an essential avenue for a thorough recognition of the underlying mechanisms and their possible implications in the patient’s symptomatology. This comprehensive review is focused on deciphering molecular mechanisms and the implications regarding those pathologies’ clinical advancement and provides an analytical overview of genetic mutations in the case of neurodegenerative disorders. With the help of well-developed modern genetic investigations, these clinically complex disturbances are highly understood nowadays, being an important step in establishing molecularly targeted therapies and implementing those approaches in the physician’s practice.
Validation of 16S rRNA and Complete rpoB Gene Sequence Analysis for the Identification of Elizabethkingia Species
Authors: Lin Jiun-Nong , Lai Chung-Hsu , Yang Chih-Hui , Huang Yi-Han
Published: August 2023

Bacteria in the genus Elizabethkingia have emerged as a cause of life-threatening infections in humans. However, accurate species identification of these pathogens relies on molecular techniques. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of 16S rRNA and complete RNA polymerase β-subunit (rpoB) gene sequences in identifying Elizabethkingia species. A total of 173 Elizabethkingia strains with whole-genome sequences in GenBank were included. The 16S rRNA gene and rpoB gene sequences from the same Elizabethkingia strains were examined. Of the 41 E. meningoseptica strains, all exhibited >99.5% 16S rRNA similarity to its type strain. Only 83% of the 99 E. anophelis strains shared >99.5% 16S rRNA gene similarity with its type strain. All strains of E. meningoseptica and E. anophelis formed a cluster distinct from the other Elizabethkingia species in the 16S rRNA and rpoB gene phylogenetic trees. The polymorphisms of 16S rRNA gene sequences are not sufficient for constructing a phylogenetic tree to discriminate species in the E. miricola cluster (E. miricola, E. bruuniana, E. occulta, and E. ursingii). The complete rpoB gene phylogenetic tree clearly delineates all strains of Elizabethkingia species. The complete rpoB gene sequencing could be a useful complementary phylogenetic marker for the accurate identification of Elizabethkingia species.
Diagnosis- and Prognosis-Related Gene Alterations in BCR::ABL1-Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
Authors: Morishita Soji , Komatsu Norio
Published: August 2023

BCR::ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a group of hematopoietic malignancies in which somatic mutations are acquired in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, resulting in an abnormal increase in blood cells in peripheral blood and fibrosis in bone marrow. Mutations in JAK2, MPL, and CALR are frequently found in BCR::ABL1-negative MPNs, and detecting typical mutations in these three genes has become essential for the diagnosis of BCR::ABL1-negative MPNs. Furthermore, comprehensive gene mutation and expression analyses performed using massively parallel sequencing have identified gene mutations associated with the prognosis of BCR::ABL1-negative MPNs such as ASXL1, EZH2, IDH1/2, SRSF2, and U2AF1. Furthermore, single-cell analyses have partially elucidated the effect of the order of mutation acquisition on the phenotype of BCR::ABL1-negative MPNs and the mechanism of the pathogenesis of BCR::ABL1-negative MPNs. Recently, specific CREB3L1 overexpression has been identified in megakaryocytes and platelets in BCR::ABL1-negative MPNs, which may be promising for the development of diagnostic applications. In this review, we describe the genetic mutations found in BCR::ABL1-negative MPNs, including the results of analyses conducted by our group.
Non-Invasive Intranasal Delivery of pApoE2: Effect of Multiple Dosing on the ApoE2 Expression in Mice Brain
Authors: Gothwal Avinash , Lamptey Richard Nii Lante , Trivedi Riddhi , Chaulagain Bivek , Singh Jagdish
Published: August 2023

Chitosan-based polymeric micelles are promising non-viral nanocarriers for safe and targeted gene delivery. Multi-functionalized chitosan polymeric micelles were prepared by grafting fatty acid, cell-penetrating peptide, and mannose on the chitosan backbone. The polymeric micelles were subjected to surface morphology and surface topography using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, respectively. The hemotoxic profile of the prepared polymeric micelles was established against erythrocytes and was found to be <5% hemotoxic up to the concentration of 600 µg/mL. In vitro ApoE2 expression in primary astrocytes and neurons was analyzed. Multi-functionalized polymeric micelles produced greater (p < 0.05) transfection in astrocytes and neurons in comparison to mono-functionalized micelles. Intranasal administration of polymeric micelles/pApoE2 polyplex led to significantly higher (p < 0.05) in vivo pApoE2 expression than chitosan and unfunctionalized polymeric micelles-treated mice groups. The outcomes of this study predict that the developed multi-functionalized polymeric micelles could be an effective and safe gene delivery platform to the brain through the intranasal route.
Advancements in On-Device Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Saravanan Kavya , Kouzani Abbas Z.
Published: August 2023

In recent years, rapid advancements in both hardware and software technologies have resulted in the ability to execute artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms on low-resource devices. The combination of high-speed, low-power electronic hardware and efficient AI algorithms is driving the emergence of on-device AI. Deep neural networks (DNNs) are highly effective AI algorithms used for identifying patterns in complex data. DNNs, however, contain many parameters and operations that make them computationally intensive to execute. Accordingly, DNNs are usually executed on high-resource backend processors. This causes an increase in data processing latency and energy expenditure. Therefore, modern strategies are being developed to facilitate the implementation of DNNs on devices with limited resources. This paper presents a detailed review of the current methods and structures that have been developed to deploy DNNs on devices with limited resources. Firstly, an overview of DNNs is presented. Next, the methods used to implement DNNs on resource-constrained devices are explained. Following this, the existing works reported in the literature on the execution of DNNs on low-resource devices are reviewed. The reviewed works are classified into three categories: software, hardware, and hardware/software co-design. Then, a discussion on the reviewed approaches is given, followed by a list of challenges and future prospects of on-device AI, together with its emerging applications.
Physicochemical Fundamentals of the Synthesis of a Cu@BN Composite Consisting of Nanosized Copper Enclosed in a Boron Nitride Matrix
Authors: Malinina Elena A. , Myshletsov Ivan I. , Buzanov Grigorii A. , Kozerozhets Irina V. , Simonenko Nikolay P. , Simonenko Tatiana L. , Nikiforova Svetlana E. , Avdeeva Varvara V. , Zhizhin Konstantin Yu. , Kuznetsov Nikolay T.
Published: August 2023

The thermal reduction of the copper(II) complexes [CuII(N2H4)3][B10H10]·nH2O (I·nH2O) and [CuII(NH3)4][B10H10]·nH2O (II·nH2O) has been studied in an argon atmosphere at 900 °C. It has been found that the annealing of both compounds results in a Cu@BN boron-containing copper composite. It has been shown that this process leads to the formation of a boron nitride matrix doped with cubic copper(0) nanoparticles due to the copper(II)→copper(I)→copper(0) thermal reduction. The phase composition of annealing products I900 and II900 has been determined based on powder X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy and thermal analysis data. The morphology, average particle size and composition of the composite have been determined by TEM and high-resolution TEM + EDS. The average particle size has been found to be about 81 nm and 52 nm for samples I900 and II900, respectively. Comparison of the results obtained using physicochemical studies has shown the identity of the composition of the products of annealing I900 and II900. The electrical properties of a coating based on an I900 sample modified with Cu0→Cu2O in situ during deposition on a chip at 300 °C in air have been studied. As a result, with increasing temperature, an increase in the electrical conductivity characteristic of semiconductors has been observed.
A Limiting Factor of Sex Attractants of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae), Verified under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Chen Qi , Yi Xiaolong , Wang Xiaoyun , Zheng Xialin , Lu Wen
Published: August 2023

At present, sexual attractants mainly control insect populations by killing males. However, the effect of sex attractants may be limited by the mating ability of the attracted insects. The Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), has a strong reproductive capacity; it brings great losses to agricultural production, which can be controlled by methods using sex attractant methyl eugenol that mainly attracts males. Therefore, we studied the multiple and continuous (as well as consecutive) mating ability of B. dorsalis through behavioral experiments. The results show that male B. dorsalis can mate 11 times on average, with females mating only 1.93 times, and that 10.81% of males mate more than 20 times. The reproductive capacity of male B. dorsalis decreased significantly after four to five instances of continuous mating. In different mating patterns, the reproductive fitness of polyandry is not the highest, rather, interval mating is the best. A limiting factor of the sex attractant effect was revealed in B. dorsalis through behavioral evidence.
Temporal Progression of Aortic Valve Pathogenesis in a Mouse Model of Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Thatcher Kaitlyn , Mattern Carol R. , Chaparro Daniel , Goveas Veronica , McDermott Michael R. , Fulton Jessica , Hutcheson Joshua D. , Hoffmann Brian R. , Lincoln Joy
Published: August 2023

Organization of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including collagens, proteoglycans, and elastin, is essential for maintaining the structure and function of heart valves throughout life. Mutations in ECM genes cause connective tissue disorders, including Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI), and progressive debilitating heart valve dysfunction is common in these patients. Despite this, effective treatment options are limited to end-stage interventions. Mice with a homozygous frameshift mutation in col1a2 serve as a murine model of OI (oim/oim), and therefore, they were used in this study to examine the pathobiology of aortic valve (AoV) disease in this patient population at structural, functional, and molecular levels. Temporal echocardiography of oim/oim mice revealed AoV dysfunction by the late stages of disease in 12-month-old mice. However, structural and proteomic changes were apparent much earlier, at 3 months of age, and were associated with disturbances in ECM homeostasis primarily related to collagen and proteoglycan abnormalities and disorganization. Together, findings from this study provide insights into the underpinnings of late onset AoV dysfunction in connective tissue disease patients that can be used for the development of mechanistic-based therapies administered early to halt progression, thereby avoiding late-stage surgical intervention.
Effect of Obesity on Lung Function in the Pediatric and Adult Populations with Asthma: A Review
Authors: Reyes Noriega Nayely , Del-Río-Navarro Blanca E. , Berber Arturo , de Jesús Romero Tapia Sergio , Molina Díaz Darío Jorge Mario
Published: August 2023

Obesity and asthma are major global health concerns, particularly in industrialized nations. Obesity has been shown to have detrimental effects on the respiratory system and lung function owing to metabolic issues and immunological consequences. Research has indicated that obese patients with asthma (atopic or T2-high and non-atopic or T2-low) have diminished lung function in terms of functional residual capacity (FRC), residual volume (RV), expiratory reserve volume (ERV), the FEV1/FVC ratio, and FEF 25–75% due to mechanical fat loading on the diaphragm and central adiposity when compared to non-obese asthmatic patients. Therefore, it is plausible that changes in lung function are the result of a combination of mechanical (fat loading on the diaphragm, central adiposity, bronchial hyper-reactivity, and an increase in cholinergic tone), environmental (diet and exercise), and inflammatory factors (local and systemic), which can lead to the obesity-related asthma phenotype characterized by severe asthma symptoms, poor response to corticosteroid treatment, loss of lung function, and poor quality of life from an early age.
Peripartum Maternal Admission to the Intensive Care Unit: An Observational Study over a 15-Year Period at a Tertiary Center in Austria
Authors: Foessleitner Philipp , Budil Marie-Christin , Mayer Stefanie , Kraft Felix , Zeilberger Mira Stephanie , Deinsberger Julia , Farr Alex
Published: August 2023

Peripartum maternal admission to the intensive care unit is challenging for anesthesiologists, obstetricians, and all personnel involved. An understanding of altered maternal physiology, fetal considerations, and acute peripartum emergencies is required to ensure adequate maternal and neonatal outcomes. In this study, we analyzed data of peripartum maternal admissions to the intensive care unit at our large tertiary referral center in order to define trends and changes over time. This study retrospectively analyzed maternal morbidity, admission diagnoses, treatments, and outcomes of women with peripartum admission to the intensive care unit at our tertiary care center over a 15-year period. We found that patient characteristics and admission diagnoses remained remarkably consistent over the observational period; however, there was a significant increase in postpartum hemorrhage (r = 0.200, p < 0.001) and cesarean hysterectomy (r = 0.117, p = 0.027) over time. Moreover, we found a reduction in preterm births (r = −0.154, p = 0.004) and a decreased peripartum neonatal intensive care unit admission rate (r = −0.153, p = 0.006) among women who were transferred to the intensive care unit. Based on our long-term observational data, there is consistent need for intensive care in obstetrics due to a small number of different etiologies. Specialized training for the predominant diagnoses involved as well as multidisciplinary care of the affected patients are both warranted.
Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Pain Management in Hemodialysis: A Narrative Review
Authors: Kassim Mustafa Ali Kassim , Pantazi Alexandru Cosmin , Nori Wassan , Tuta Liliana Ana , Balasa Adriana Luminita , Mihai Cristina Maria , Mihai Larisia , Frecus Corina Elena , Lupu Vasile Valeriu , Lupu Ancuta , Andrusca Antonio , Iorga Andra Maria , Litrin Radu Mihai , Ion Irina , Ciciu Elena , Chirila Sergiu Ioachim , Chisnoiu Tatiana
Published: August 2023

This narrative review aims to summarize non-pharmacological interventions for pain management in hemodialysis patients, assessing their potential benefits and limitations in enhancing patient well-being and quality of life. We reviewed the current literature on five primary non-pharmacological interventions: acupuncture, cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation techniques, virtual reality, and alternative methods such as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, music therapy, and aromatherapy. We analyzed the evidence regarding their effectiveness, feasibility, and optimal implementation strategies. The existing evidence supports the potential benefits of these interventions in managing pain and improving the well-being of hemodialysis patients. However, further high-quality research is needed to confirm their effectiveness, establish implementation best practices, and assess their long-term impact on patient outcomes. Non-pharmacological interventions hold promise for pain management in hemodialysis patients. Additional research is required to optimize these interventions and validate their effectiveness, contributing to comprehensive pain management strategies for this vulnerable patient population.
Percutaneous Endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (PETLIF): Current Techniques, Clinical Outcomes, and Narrative Review
Authors: Ono Koichiro , Fukuhara Daisuke , Nagahama Ken , Abe Yuichiro , Takahashi Kenji , Majima Tokifumi
Published: August 2023

Full endoscopic techniques are becoming more popular for degenerative lumbar pathologies. Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion (PETLIF) is a minimally invasive surgical technique for spondylolisthesis and lumbar spinal canal stenosis with instability. Nagahama first introduced PETLIF in 2019. This study investigated the clinical outcomes and complications of 24 patients who underwent PETLIF in our facility and compared them with previous studies. Literature searches were conducted on PubMed and Web of Science. The PETLIF surgical technique involves three steps to acquire disc height under general anesthesia. The procedure includes bone harvesting, spondylolisthesis reduction, endoscopic foraminoplasty, disc height expansion using an oval dilator, and intervertebral disc curettage. A cage filled with autologous bone is inserted into the disc space and secured with posterior fixation. Patients underwent PETLIF with an average operation time of 130.8 min and a blood loss of 24.0 mL. Postoperative hospital stays were 9.5 days. Improvement in VAS, disc height, spinal canal area, and % slip was observed, while lumbar lordosis remained unchanged. Complications included end plate injury, subsidence, and exiting nerve root injury. The differences between PETLIF and the extracted literature were found in patients’ age, direct decompression, epidural or local anesthesia, approach, order of PPS, and cage insertion. In conclusion, PETLIF surgery is a practical, minimally invasive surgical technique for patients with lumbar degenerative diseases suffering from back and leg pain, demonstrating significant improvements in pain scores. However, it is essential to carefully consider the potential complications and continue to refine the surgical technique further to enhance the safety and efficacy of this procedure.
Clinicopathological Features and Prognosis of Resected Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Patients with Claudin-18 Overexpression
Authors: Park Sejun , Shin Kabsoo , Kim In-Ho , Hong Taeho , Kim Younghoon , Suh Jahee , Lee Myungah
Published: August 2023

Claudin-18.2 (CLDN18.2) is specifically expressed in pancreatic precancerous lesions and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We assessed the clinical characteristics of patients with CLDN18.2-overexpressing pancreatic cancer to identify patients who might benefit from CLDN18-targeted treatment. A total of 130 patients with surgically resected PDAC were investigated for the immunohistochemical expression of claudin-18 (CLDN18). The CLDN18 staining intensities (0–3+) and relative proportion of positive tumor cells were analyzed by two independent raters. Tumors positive for CLDN18 expression were defined as ≥80% of tumor cells with 2+ or 3+ staining intensity in a CLDN18 immunohistochemical assay. Positive CLDN18 expression was present in 41/130 (31.5%) surgically resected PDACs and the relative proportion of positive tumor cells and the staining intensity were directly correlated (p < 0.001). Positive CLDN18 expression was significantly associated with well-differentiated tumors (p < 0.001) and less regional node involvement (p = 0.045). The positive CLDN18-expressing group showed no statistical difference in median overall survival (17.4 months vs. 20.6 months, p = 0.770) compared to the negative CLDN18-expressing group. Distant nodal metastasis was more frequent in the positive CLDN18-expressing group (p = 0.011). CLDN18 is frequently expressed in PDAC, and high CLDN18-expressing PDACs showed some different clinicopathologic characteristics. High CLDN18 expression was not associated with prognosis in patients with surgically resected PDAC.
Prognostic Impact of Modified H2FPEF Score in Patients Receiving Trans-Catheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Akao Kousuke , Imamura Teruhiko , Tanaka Shuhei , Onoda Hiroshi , Ushijima Ryuichi , Sobajima Mitsuo , Fukuda Nobuyuki , Ueno Hiroshi , Kinugawa Koichiro
Published: August 2023

Background: H2FPEF is a recently introduced score for the diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Many patients with severe aortic stenosis have clinical/subclinical HFpEF and have worsening heart failure even after trans-catheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). We investigated the prognostic impact of the H2FPEF score in TAVR candidates. Methods: Patients undergoing TAVR procedures at a single academic center between 2015 and 2022 were included. The H2FPEF score was calculated using baseline characteristics before TAVR. The prognostic impact of the score on the post-TAVR composite endpoint, consisting of all-cause death and heart failure readmissions during the 2-year observation period, was evaluated. Results: A total of 244 patients (median age 86 years, 70 males) were included. The median value of H2FPEF score was 3 (2, 4). The score was significantly associated with the primary outcome with a hazard ratio of 1.33 (95% confidence interval 1.02–1.74, p = 0.036). We constructed a modified H2FPEF score by adjusting cutoffs of several items for better prognostic stratification (i.e., age and body mass index). A modified score had a higher area under the curve than the original one (0.65 vs. 0.59, p = 0.028) and was independently associated with the primary outcome with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.22 (95% confidence interval 1.01–1.49, p = 0.047). Conclusions: A modified H2FPEF score, which was originally developed to diagnose the presence of HFpEF, could be used to risk-stratify elderly patients receiving TAVR. The clinical utility of this score should be validated in future studies.
Remimazolam’s Effects on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Are Similar to Those of Propofol after Laparoscopic Gynecological Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Matsumoto Ayumu , Satomi Shiho , Kakuta Nami , Narasaki Soshi , Toyota Yukari , Miyoshi Hirotsugu , Horikawa Yousuke T. , Saeki Noboru , Tanaka Katsuya , Tsutsumi Yasuo M.
Published: August 2023

(1) Background: Remimazolam is a novel benzodiazepine that prevents postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), is more effective than volatile anesthetics, and was recently approved for use in Japan. (2) Methods: This prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial study aimed to compare the efficacy of remimazolam and propofol as general anesthetics in terms of the incidence of PONV after laparoscopic gynecological surgery (UMIN000046237). High-risk female patients who underwent general anesthesia with either remimazolam or propofol for the maintenance of anesthesia were enrolled. The primary outcome was the incidence of PONV in the two groups (i.e., REM versus PROP) 2 h and 24 h after surgery. The incidence of vomiting without nausea, rescue antiemetic use, and the severity of nausea were also evaluated. (3) Results: No significant differences in PONV were identified between the REM and PROP groups at 2 h or 24 h. Furthermore, no differences were observed in any of the measured parameters, and no adverse events were reported. (4) Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that remimazolam may be as effective as propofol in preventing PONV; however, further investigation is necessary to identify possible differences between these two agents.
Retinal Vascular Density Using Optical Coherence Tomography-Angiography in Optic Neuritis
Authors: Codron Paul , Masmoudi Ines , Tran Thi Ha Chau
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study is to access the perifoveolar and peripapillary vascular density (VD) using optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT-A) in eyes with optic neuritis (ON) and in fellow eyes, then compare that to healthy controls. Method: This is a cross-sectional study including 22 patients with unilateral ON and 20 control eyes of healthy subjects. A complete clinical examination and OCT-A were performed at least 6 months after the acute episode of optic neuritis. Vascular plexuses of the peripapillary and perifoveolar images obtained from OCT-A were used to calculate the VD in each plexus: superficial, deep, and peripapillary capillaries for each group (ON eyes, fellow eyes, healthy eyes). Results: Compared to healthy control eyes, in the peripapillary area, we found a significant decrease in VD not only in ON eyes but also in fellow eyes in average (p ≤ 0.05) and in the temporal sector (p < 0.001). In the perifoveolar area, the VD of the superficial capillary plexus is decreased in all sectors (p < 0.001) in ON eyes and only in the upper sector (p = 0.037) of fellow eyes compared to control eyes. VD correlates with ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness in ON and in fellow eyes. Conclusion: Peripapillary vascular density is decreased in both affected eyes and fellow eyes after a unilateral episode of optic neuritis, suggesting a subclinical involvement of the disease. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanism and clinical implications of these data.
Early Prediction of Asthma
Authors: Romero-Tapia Sergio de Jesus , Becerril-Negrete José Raúl , Castro-Rodriguez Jose A. , Del-Río-Navarro Blanca E.
Published: August 2023

The clinical manifestations of asthma in children are highly variable, are associated with different molecular and cellular mechanisms, and are characterized by common symptoms that may diversify in frequency and intensity throughout life. It is a disease that generally begins in the first five years of life, and it is essential to promptly identify patients at high risk of developing asthma by using different prediction models. The aim of this review regarding the early prediction of asthma is to summarize predictive factors for the course of asthma, including lung function, allergic comorbidity, and relevant data from the patient’s medical history, among other factors. This review also highlights the epigenetic factors that are involved, such as DNA methylation and asthma risk, microRNA expression, and histone modification. The different tools that have been developed in recent years for use in asthma prediction, including machine learning approaches, are presented and compared. In this review, emphasis is placed on molecular mechanisms and biomarkers that can be used as predictors of asthma in children.
HDL Cholesterol Efflux and the Complement System Are Linked in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: García-González María , Gómez-Bernal Fuensanta , Quevedo-Abeledo Juan C. , Fernández-Cladera Yolanda , González-Rivero Agustín F. , López-Mejías Raquel , Díaz-González Federico , González-Gay Miguel Á. , Ferraz-Amaro Iván
Published: August 2023

Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), the ability of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol to accept cholesterol from macrophages, has been linked to cardiovascular events. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by the consumption of complement (C) proteins and has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. CEC is reduced in SLE patients compared to controls. In the present work, our objective was to analyze whether the disruption of C influences CEC in patients with SLE. New-generation functional assays of the three pathways of the C system were performed in 207 patients with SLE. Additionally, serum levels of inactive (C1q, C2, C3, C4, and factor D) and activated (C3a) molecules, and regulators (C1-inhibitor and factor H) of C system were measured. CEC, using an in vitro assay, and lipoprotein serum concentrations were assessed. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between C system and CEC. After full multivariable analysis, the alternative C cascade functional test showed a significant and negative relationship with CEC. This was also the case for C2 and C3, in which the associations were found to be positive and statistically significant, after adjustment for covariates. In conclusion, C system and CEC are interconnected in patients with SLE.