bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sobre Editoriais, Pesquisa Científica e Depressão Coletiva de uma Nação Sem Projeto
Authors: Goncalves do Amaral Marcelo
Published: September 2022

sem resumo
CORRELATION BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND FASTING BLOOD GLUCOSE IN PATIENT WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Nurvita Rani , Nuswantoro Djohar , Hendro Prajitno Jongky
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a disease caused by an increase in blood glucose levels, which is an increase in levels at an abnormal level, or called hyperglycemia. Diabetes is a metabolic disease related to various factors such as physical activity, lifestyle, habits, diet, etc. Diabetes mellitus is classified as type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and gestational diabetes. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is caused by the body's inability to use insulin effectively (insulin resistance). This study aims to determine the relationship between physical activity and fasting blood glucose levels of T2DM patients to provide social change by increasing physical activity to control fasting blood glucose in patients with T2DM.
Methods: This study is quantitative research of analytic observation with a cross-sectional design. The sample in this study was the outpatient T2DM at Endocrine Unit RSUD Dr Soetomo Surabaya from June until September 2018 consecutive sampling. The independent variable was physical activity, and the dependent variable was fasting blood glucose (FBG). Methods of collecting primary data by interview using IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) and secondary data by looking at the results of FBG from the patient's medical records of laboratory tests. Collected data were entered into Microsoft excel and then statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS 22. Spearman’s Rho Correlation Test analyzed the data.
Results: Sixty three respondents became in inclusion criteria. Most patients have a moderate physical activity of 28 people, or around 44.4%. Thirty-two people had poor fasting blood glucose levels of about 50.8%. The analysis result was there is a significant correlation between physical activity and fasting blood glucose levels of T2DM patients and a low correlation coefficient in the opposite direction (not in the same order).
Conclusion: Physical activity impacts fasting blood glucose levels and has a negatively correlated direction. The increase in physical activity showed by the value of the IPAQ score, followed by a decrease in fasting blood glucose level.
Ureter identification utilizing indocyanine green (ICG) imaging in colorectal surgery: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Garoufalia Zoe , Wexner Steven D.
Published: September 2022

Aim: To describe the currently available evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of intraureteral indocyanine green (ICG) instillation for ureteral identification in colorectal surgery. Methods: Systematic search of PubMed and Scopus through May 2022 reported according to PRISMA 2020. Studies reporting treatment of patients < 18 years, with unavailable full-text, reviews, editorials, animal studies, and studies including non-colorectal operations were excluded. Results: Seven retrospective studies, published between 2020 and 2022, were identified, in which 142 patients (43% females) were evaluated, of which three were undertaken in the USA, two in Japan, and two in India. The most common indications for surgery were cancer in 58 patients (41%) and diverticular disease in 52 patients (36.6%). Most patients involved underwent robotic surgery (70%), while the remaining patients had laparoscopic surgery. The intraoperative ureteral injury was reported in one patient, while adverse effects (mainly transient hematuria) were reported in 10% of the study population (14 patients). The use of intrauretal ICG prolonged surgery by a median of 12.8 minutes. Conclusion: Intraoperative visualization of ureters using ICG in colorectal surgery is safe and effective, according to the results of this study. However, this technique still bears the potential disadvantages of ureteral catheterization. Research is focusing on future dyes combining the ICG properties with renal excretion to minimize the need for stents. Further comparative studies are needed to reach safe results.
INTERFACES ENTRE ECOLOGIA E MORALIDADE: UM ENSAIO FILOSÓFICO-TEOLÓGICO
Authors: Biasoli Luis , Barbosa Giorlando Laranjeira
Published: September 2022

Em tempos em que os sistemas humanos aceleram as esferas de descuido, de caos, faz-se necessário buscar novos princípios que fundamentem as bases essenciais da existência e das relações humanas. Nesse viés, a reflexão sobre o caminho da pessoa que busca entender-se como ser de Cuidado torna-se cada vez mais urgente, haja vista que pode promover uma compreensão profunda sobre as próprias atitudes e ações em relação ao todo da vida existente. Dessa forma, toda ação humana para ser boa deve adotar os princípios de Cuidado, e sua reflexão em nível de essência religiosa tem como base a narrativa da Criação na busca de encontrar fundamentos para uma ética necessária e essencial, e que seja norma de conduta responsável, visto que só pela moral do Cuidado com a terra a pessoa manifesta a sua realidade e assume o seu ser em imagem e semelhança ao Criador.
Reinforcement Learning: Theory and Applications in HEMS
Authors: Al-Ani Omar , Das Sanjoy
Published: September 2022

The steep rise in reinforcement learning (RL) in various applications in energy as well as the penetration of home automation in recent years are the motivation for this article. It surveys the use of RL in various home energy management system (HEMS) applications. There is a focus on deep neural network (DNN) models in RL. The article provides an overview of reinforcement learning. This is followed with discussions on state-of-the-art methods for value, policy, and actor–critic methods in deep reinforcement learning (DRL). In order to make the published literature in reinforcement learning more accessible to the HEMS community, verbal descriptions are accompanied with explanatory figures as well as mathematical expressions using standard machine learning terminology. Next, a detailed survey of how reinforcement learning is used in different HEMS domains is described. The survey also considers what kind of reinforcement learning algorithms are used in each HEMS application. It suggests that research in this direction is still in its infancy. Lastly, the article proposes four performance metrics to evaluate RL methods.
The Rain-induced Urban Waterlogging Risk and its Evaluation: A Case Study in the Central City of Shanghai
Authors: Zou Lanjun , Wang Zhi , Lu Qinjing , Wu Shenglan , Chen Lei , Qin Zhengkun
Published: September 2022

Waterlogging induced by rain in urban areas has a potential risk impact on property and safety. This paper focuses on the impact of rain on waterlogging and evaluates the waterlogging risk in the central city of Shanghai. A simplified waterlogging depth model is developed in different areas with different drainage capacity and rainfall in consumption of simplifying the effect of complex terrain characteristics and hydrological situation. Based on urban waterlogging depth and its classification collection, a Rain-induced Urban Waterlogging Risk Model(RUWRM) is further established to evaluate waterlogging risk in the central city. The results show that waterlogging depth is closely linked with rainfall and drainage, with a linear relationship between them. More rainfall leads to higher waterlogging risk, especially in the central city with imperfect drainage facilities. Rain-induced urban waterlogging risk model can rapidly gives the waterlogging rank caused by rainfall with a clear classification collection. The results of waterlogging risk prediction indicate that it is confident to get the urban waterlogging risk rank well and truly in advance with more accurate rainfall prediction. This general study is a contribution that allows the public, policy makers and relevant departments of urban operation to assess the appropriate management to reduce traffic intensity and personal safety or strategy to lead to less waterlogging risk.
The roles and challenges of Traditional Health Practitioners in Maternal Health Services in rural communities of Mthatha, South Africa
Authors: Thipanyane Mvulakazi Patricia , Nomatshila Sibusiso C. , Musarurwa Hannibal , Oladimeji Olanrewaju
Published: September 2022

Traditional Health Practitioners (THPs) are considered as the entry level of care in African societies and play an important role in the delivery of health services to the population. A phenomenological qualitative study was carried out among pur-posefully selected THPs in Mthatha to understand their roles and the challenges they face in providing maternal health services. The study included a focus group discussion with seven participants, which yielded three themes and seven sub-themes. The content analysis of descriptive data from the focus group discussion revealed threats posed by unregistered and counterfeit THPs to the lives of pregnant women in rural settings. THPs' wide range of services allowed pregnant women to receive prenatal, antenatal, and postnatal care in close proximity. This level of care, however, was characterized by high levels of secrecy and counterfeit practitioners who used human body parts, which jeopardized the practice and made it unpopular. Traditional health practice must be protected through registration of THPs and the establishment of functional referral pathways between THPs and conventional health services.
Healthcare Workers Occupational Infection by Monkeypox Virus in Brazil
Authors: Salvato Richard Steiner , Ikeda Maria Leticia Rodrigues , Barcellos Regina Bones , Godinho Fernanda Marques , Sesterheim Patricia , Bittencourt Leticia Camiza Bulcão , Gregianini Tatiana Schäffer , Veiga Ana Beatriz Gorini da , Spilki Fernando Rosado , Wallau Gabriel Luz
Published: September 2022

We performed an epi and molecular characterization of two healthcare workers MPXV occupational infection. Five days after the sampling collection, nurses developed typical MPXV infection symptoms. Infection was confirmed by qPCR and whole genome sequencing. The most likely transmission route was through contact with fomites in the patient belonging/house.
Intraspecific Leaf Trait Variation Across and Within Wine Grape Varieties
Authors: Macklin Samantha C. , Mariani Rachel O. , Young Emily N. , Kish Rosalyn , Cathline Kimberley A. , Robertson Gavin , Martin Adam R.
Published: September 2022

Variability in traits forming the Leaf Economics Spectrum (LES) among and within crop species play a key role in governing agroecosystem processes. However, studies evaluating the extent, causes, and consequences of within-species variation in LES traits for some of the world’s most common crops remain limited. We quantified variation in nine leaf traits measured across 90 vines of five wine grape (Vitis vinifera) varieties at two ontogenetic stages. Grape traits covary along an intraspecific LES, in patterns similar to those documented in wild plants. Across varieties, high rates of photosynthesis (A), and leaf nitrogen (N) concentrations, are coupled with low leaf mass per area (LMA), while the opposite suite of traits defines the “resource conserving end” of this intraspecific LES in grape. Variety identity predicted of leaf physiological (A) and morphological traits (i.e., leaf area and leaf mass), while leaf chemical traits and LMA were best explained by ontogenetic stage. All varieties expressed greater resource conserving trait syndromes (i.e., higher LMA, lower N, lower Amass) later in the growing season. Traits related to leaf hydraulics, including instantaneous water-use efficiency (WUE), were unrelated to LES and other resource capture traits, and were better explained by spatial location. Our results highlight the relative contributions of genetic vs. phenotypic factors in structuring this variation and point to a key role of domestication in governing trait relationships in the world’s crops.
Minocycline Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Locomotor Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior via Upregulation of the BDNF/CREB Protein Expression in the Rat Medial Prefrontal Cortex (mPFC)
Authors: Abdo Qaid Entesar Yaseen , Abdullah Zuraidah , Zakaria Rahimah , Long Idris
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Neuroinflammation following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration induces locomotor deficit and anxiety-like behavior. In this study, minocycline was compared to memantine, the NMDA receptor antagonist, for its effects on LPS-induced locomotor deficit and anxiety-like behavior in rats. Methodology: Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were administered either two different doses of minocycline (25 or 50 mg/kg/day, i.p.) or 10 mg/kg/day of memantine (i.p.) for 14 days four days prior to LPS (5 mg/kg, i.p.) injection. The locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior were assessed using the open field test (OFT). The phosphorylated tau protein level was measured using ELISA while the expression and density of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) protein in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were measured using immunohistochemistry and western blot, respectively. Results: In the mPFC, minocycline treatment reduced the locomotor deficit and anxiety-like behavior, reduced phosphorylated tau protein level, and upregulated BDNF/CREB protein expression comparable to memantine, with the higher dose of minocycline having better benefits. Conclusion: Minocycline treatment attenuated LPS-induced locomotor deficit and anxiety-like behavior in rats, possibly via a decrease in phosphorylated tau protein levels and an increase in the expression of the BDNF/CREB proteins.
Validation of the Malay Version of the Shame and Stigma Scale among Cancer Patients in Malaysia
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Azman Nizuwan , Eyu Hui Ting , Nik Jaafar Nik Ruzyanei , Mohd Salleh Sahimi Hajar , Mohamad Yunus Mohd Razif , Mohd Shariff Noorsuzana , Hami Rohayu , Mansor Nor Shuhada , Lu Ping , Leong Bin Abdullah Mohammad Farris Iman
Published: September 2022

Assessment of stigma among cancer patients is of utmost importance as stigma may lead to various psychological sequelae and lower quality of life. This study aimed to translate the English version of the Shame and Stigma Scale (SSS) into Malay and validate the Malay version of the SSS (SSS-M) among cancer patients in Malaysia. Initially, concurrent translation and back translation of the SSS-M was performed, and face and content validity were assessed. Then, the SSS-M was administered to a total of 234 patients of mixed types of cancer to assess its reliability (internal consistency and test-retest reliability), construct validity (convergent and discriminant validity), exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The SSS-M total score registered good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α of 0.886) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.846, p < 0.001). EFA and CFA confirmed that the SSS-M consisted of 20 items in 5 domains. Its convergent and discriminant validity were achieved. Hence, the SSS-M demonstrated good psychometric properties and is available for use to assess stigma among cancer patients in Malaysia.
Methylprednisolone Induced Lymphocytosis: A Prospective Study in 20 Ppatients with Immune Mediated Inflammatory Disorders
Authors: Beniada Camille , Couturier Bruno , Reye Florence , Delporte Cedric , Van Antwerpen Pierre , De Maertelaer Viviane , Cogan Elie
Published: September 2022

A morning lymphocytosis has been observed in patients under methylprednisolone (mPDN) treatment. We here determine prospectively the timing and magnitude of mPDN-induced lymphocytosis and study the effects of concomitant beta-blockers administration on lymphocyte count (L). L was measured before and 24 to 72 hours after initiating mPDN treatment in 20 patients with immune-mediated inflammatory disorders (IMID). After one week, patients with increased L were divided in two groups receiving, in addition to mPDN, either propranolol or a placebo; L was determined 4 days later. Lymphocyte subpopulations and mPDN plasma levels were determined in subsets of the patients. Values are expressed as median with 25%-75% interquartile range. A 73.4 % (37-305) increase of L was observed in 18/20 patients as soon as 48 (48-72) hours after initiating mPDN (32 mg; 16-32). Lymphocytosis (L ≥4,000/µL) was observed in 7 patients and hyperlymphocytosis (L ≥ 5,000/µL) in 4 of them. No significant changes in L variation were shown under propranolol. In conclusion, the morning lymphocytosis observed during mPDN treatment occurs in the very first days of mPDN administration. The lack of effect of propranolol does not support the role of an increased adrenergic tone.
The Evolution of Well-Being: An Anthropology Based, Multidisciplinary Review
Authors: Dornisch Seth Jace
Published: September 2022

Evolutionary perspectives have generated many questions and some answers in the study of human health and disease. The field of evolutionary medicine, and related analytics of evolutionary psychiatry and evolutionary psychology have extended and expanded the way health disorders are viewed by searching for why humans, as a species, are vulnerable to certain pathological conditions. The search is organized into four domains that apply proximate and evolutionary explanations to human traits and developmental sequences. This framework opens inquiry to the ontogeny, phylogeny, mechanism, and adaptive significance of human health conditions. In this paper I argue that evolutionary medicine seems to parallel biomedicine in its primarily pathogenic focus. That is, conditions of pain, suffering, and disorder have received the most attention. Some work has used the architecture of evolutionary medicine to take a salutogenic approach, evaluating the proximate and evolutionary explanations of human well-being. I propose that an evolutionary understanding of human well-being requires a survey of emotions and their relationship with neurobiology, language, and culture. My anthropology based, multidisciplinary review of biopsychosocial processes reveals the way evolution has shaped modern human understanding of well-being through sociolinguistic learning processes and thereby our individual experiences of well-being. These insights have the power to contextualize human suffering and flourishing as we progress toward the goal of attenuating the former and expanding the latter.
Association of High Somatic Cell Counts Prior to Dry off to the Incidence of Periparturient Diseases in Holstein Dairy Cows
Authors: Egyedy Ashley , Rosales Eduardo Barahona , Ametaj Burim N
Published: September 2022

Intramammary infections (mastitis) of dairy cows, along with other periparturient diseases, have become problematic within the dairy industry as they lead to loss of milk production. The main objective of this study was to determine whether elevated somatic cell counts (SCC) in cows prior to drying off are related to the incidence of other periparturient diseases. Additionally, we de-termined whether milk composition and milk yield are affected by a high SCC prior to drying off. Somatic cell counts of milk samples were determined prior to dry off (n = 140) and were used to classify cows in the study as high (>200,000 cells/mL) or low (<200,000 cells/mL) SCC. The com-position of milk was analyzed before drying off and at 1 and 2 weeks after calving. The results showed that an elevated SCC before drying off was related to the incidence of ketosis. Cows with a high SCC at drying off also showed an increased likelihood of retained placenta, metritis, and lameness postpartum; however, it was not statistically significant. Milk lactose was lower in cows with high SCC, while protein content was lower after parturition. Milk production was lower for cows with pre-drying elevated SCC, particularly for cows with retained placenta, keto-sis, and mastitis. In conclusion, cows with pre-drying elevated SCC were more likely to develop disease after parturition and produce less milk and with lower lactose and protein content.
A Lightweight Authentication Framework for Privacy-Preserving Virtual Health Services
Authors: Qu Qian , Xu Ronghua , Sun Han , Chen Yu
Published: September 2022

Seniors safety is a compelling need, which necessitates 24/7 real-time monitoring and timely dangerous action recognition. Being able to mirror characteristics of physical objects (PO) to corresponding logical objects (LO) and seamlessly monitor their footprints thus detect anomaly parameters, Digital Twins (DT) has been considered a practical way to provide virtual health services for seniors safety. Meanwhile, widely adopted Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) consisting of wearable sensors and non-contact optical cameras for self and remote health data monitoring also raises concerns on information security and privacy violation. Therefore, security of POs, LOs and reliable data sharing among healthcare professionals are challenging as constructing trust and privacy-preserving virtual health services. Thanks to characteristics of decentralization, traceability and unalterability, Blockchain is promising to enhance security and privacy properties in many areas like data analysis, finance and healthcare. This paper envisions a lightweight authentication framework (LAF) to enable secure and privacy-preserving virtual healthcare services. Leveraging Non-Fungible Token (NFT) technology to tokenize LOs and data streams on blockchain, anyone can certify the authenticity of a digital LO along with its synchronized data between PO without relying on a third-party agency. In addition, the NFT-based tokenization not only allows owners fully control their IoMT devices and data, but it also enables verifiable ownership and traceable transferability during data sharing process. Moreover, NFT only contains references to encrypted raw data that are saved on off-chain storage like local files or distributed databases, such a hybrid storage strategy ensures privacy-preservation for sensitive information. A proof-of-concept prototype is implemented and tests are conducted on a case study of seniors safety. The experimental evaluation shows the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed LAF solution.
Cardiac Gated Neuromodulation Increased Baroreflex Sensitivity and Reduced Pain Sensitivity in Female Fibromyalgia Patients
Authors: Thieme Kati , Jung Kathrin , Mathys Marc G. , Gracely Richard H. , Turk Dennis C.
Published: September 2022

The study presents a novel approach of programing pain inhibition in chronic pain patients based on the hypothesis that pain perception is modulated by dysfunctional dorsal medial nucleus tractus solitarii (dmNTS) reflex arcs that produce diminished baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) resulting from a conditioned response. This study tested whether administration of noxious and non-noxious electrical stimuli synchronized with the cardiac cycle resets BRS, reestablishing pain inhibition. 30 pain-free normotensives controls (NC) and 32 normotensives fibromyalgia (FM) patients received two, ≈8 minute-epochs of cardiac-gated, peripheral electrical stimuli. Non-painful and painful electrical stimuli were synchronized to the cardiac cycle as the neuromodulation experimental protocol (EP) with 2 control conditions (CC1, CC2). BRS, heart-rate-variability (HRV), pain threshold and tolerance, and clinical pain intensity were assessed.Reduced BRS in FM at baseline increased by 41% during two, ≈8 minute-epochs of stimulation. Thresholds in FM increased significantly during the experimental protocol (all Ps<0.001) as did HRV. FM levels of clinical pain significantly decreased by 35.52% during the experimental protocol but not during control stimulations (P<0.001). Baroreceptor training may reduce FM pain by BRS-mediated effects on intrinsic pain regulatory systems and autonomic pain modulation. These processes seem to be linked by classical and operant conditioning.
Double-differenced dNBR: Combining MODIS and Landsat Imagery to Map Fine-grained Fire Mosaics in Lowland Eucalyptus savanna in Kakadu National Park, Northern Australia
Authors: Williamson Grant J. , Ellis Todd M. , Bowman David M.J.S.
Published: September 2022

A neglected dimension of the fire regime concept is fire patchiness. Habitat mosaics that emerge from the grain of burned and unburned patches (pyrodiversity) are critical for the persistence of a diverse range of plant and animal species. This issue is of particular importance in frequently burned tropical Eucalyptus savannas, where coarse fire mosaics have been hypothesized to have caused the recent drastic population declines of small mammals. Satellites routinely used for fire mapping in these systems are unable to accurately map fine-grained fire mosaics, frustrating our ability to determine whether declines in biodiversity are associated with local pyrodiversity. To advance this problem, we have developed a novel method (we call ‘double-differenced dNBR’) that combines the infrequent (c. bi-monthly) detailed spatial resolution Landsat with daily coarse scale coverage of MODIS and VIIRS to map pyrodiversity in the savannas of Kakadu National Park. We used seasonal Landsat mosaics and differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) to define burned areas, with a modification to dNBR that subtracts long-term average dNBR to increase contrast. Our results show this approach is effective in mapping fine-scale fire mosaics in the homogenous lowland savannas, although inappropriate for nearby heterogenous landscapes. Comparison of this methods to other fire metrics (e.g., area burned, seasonality) based on Landsat and MODIS imagery suggest this method is likely accurate and better at quantifying fine-scale patchiness of fire, albeit it demands detailed field validation.
Antifragile Control Systems: The Case of An Anti-Symmetric Network Model of the Tumor–Immune–Drug Interactions
Authors: Axenie Cristian , Kurz Daria , Saveriano Matteo
Published: September 2022

A therapy’s outcome is determined by a tumor’s response to treatment which, in turn, depends on multiple factors such as the severity of the disease and the strength of patient’s immune response. Gold standard cancer therapies are in most cases fragile when sought to break the ties to either tumor kill ratio or patient toxicity. Lately, research has shown that cancer therapy can be at most robust when handling adaptive drug resistance and immune escape patterns developed by evolving tumors. This is due to the stochastic and volatile nature of the interactions, at the tumor environment level, tissue vasculature, and immune landscape, induced by drugs. Herein, we explore the path towards antifragile therapy control, that generates treatment schemes that are not fragile but go beyond robustness. More precisely, we describe a first instantiation of a control-theoretic method to make therapy schemes cope with the systemic variability in the tumor–immune–drug interactions and gain more tumor kill with less patient toxicity. Considering the anti-symmetric interactions within a model of the tumor–immune–drug network, we introduce the antifragile control framework that demonstrates promising results in simulation. We evaluate our control strategy against state-of-the-art therapy schemes on various experiments and discuss the insights we gained on the potential that antifragile control could have in treatment design in clinical settings.
A drift model N of a velocity mixture and the evolution of a discontinuous solution of a two-velocity drift model
Authors: Kroshilin Alexander Evgen`evich , Kroshilin Vladimir Evgen`evich
Published: September 2022

At present, to describe the two-velocity flow of a multiphase mixture, either a two-fluid model is used; or a drift model using simplified momentum equations that do not take into account inertial forces. The corresponding system of equations for a two-fluid model with the same phase pressure without special, postulated, stabilizing terms is non-hyperbolic. This can lead to difficulties in finding a solution. Accounting for the difference in phase pressure in this model can lead to instability of solutions, which can also complicate the search for a solution. The drift model, which is the subject of this work, does not have this shortcoming. The case of N phase velocities (N > 2), considered in this article, has not been studied so far, although it has a large area of practical applications, for example, a three-velocity flow of a dispersed-film flow in the energy and chemical industries, and others. Hyperbolicity and characteristics are investigated. The characteristic equation of the system, which has N-1 degree, is analyzed. It is proved that there is one eigenvalue between neighboring speeds. If the k phases have the same speed, then the k-1 eigenvalue is equal to that same speed. So, if there are no coinciding phase velocities, or the number of phases with the same speed does not exceed 2, then all eigenvalues are real and different, which means that the system is hyperbolic. If the number of phases with the same speed exceeds 2, then all eigenvalues are also real, but there are multiples among them. An additional study carried out for this case showed that the system is also hyperbolic. An analytical solution of the discontinuity decay problem for a three-velocity flow (N=3) is found. It is assumed that the speed difference between the first and second phases is much greater than the speed difference between the second and third phases. Without this assumption, the solution can be found numerically. For the case of two phase velocities (N = 2), an analytical solution is found that describes the transition from a continuous distribution to a jump. This solution describes the flow for a given dependence of the slip rate on the regime parameter.
Avaliação das manifestações patológicas do Edifício Rio Negro em Anápolis-Goiás
Authors: Teixeira Guilherme Henrique , Da Silva Juliano Rodrigues , Chaveiro Alves Éder
Published: September 2022

Este trabalho mostra a aplicação das metodologias GDE (Grau de Deterioração da Estrutura) e GUT (Gravidade, Urgência e Tendência) quantificando as manifestações patológicas e determinando os pontos de maior necessidade de manutenção. Dessa forma, foi aplicado uma perspectiva quantitativa com a aplicação das metodologias citadas e após inspeções prediais e uma análise visual com registro fotográfico, anotações e mapeamentos, foram aplicadas as metodologias e obtido que parte das manifestações patológicas que ocorrem na estrutura do edifício tem como origem a umidade, resultando em eflorescências, machas ou infiltrações. Dessa forma, esse trabalho definiu os pontos que necessitam de prioridade, direcionando medidas que posteriormente podem ser tomadas. As metodologias se mostraram eficientes e importantes para tomadas de decisões.
Effect of Compost Tea and Harvest Age on Productivity, Nutrient Content, and In vitro Digestibility Cichorium Intybus
Authors: Amalyadi Rezki , Umami Nafiatul , Fitrianto Nanung Agus , Hanim Chusnul , Suwignyo Bambang
Published: September 2022

The glass house experiment involving compost tea and harvest age was conducted to investigate the effect of giving compost tea (cricket and rabbit feces) and harvesting age on productivity, nutrient content, and in vitro digestibility value of Cichorium intybus. Compost tea (CT) is an aqueous extract from compost that can correct nutrient deficiencies during crop production and protect cultivation. The research treatment consisted of two factors, namely: the age of harvest and the dose of compost tea. The administration of compost tea consisted of three kinds of doses as follows: no compost tea (P0), 200 mL of compost tea (P1), and 400 mL of compost tea (P2). The experimental plants were harvested at different age, consisting of 25, 35 and 45 days after planting (DAP). The experimental design was Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 9 replications. The data were statictically analyzed using analisys of variance, and differences among value of each treatment were tested with the Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results indicated that compost tea dose and harvesting period treatment affected (P<0.05) leaf length, fresh leaf weight, crude protein content, dry matter digestibility (DMD), and organic matter digestibility (OMD). Meanwhile, it showed not significant effect (P>0.05) on the leaf width and root length. The results suggest that the fertilization treatment of 200 mL of compost tea and 25 DAP could increase productivity (leaf length and fresh leaf weight) of chicory, nutrient content (crude protein) of chicory, and in vitro digestibility (DMD and OMD).
En Bloc Resection of Cervical Spine Osteoid Osteoma With O-Arm–Assisted 3D Navigation
Authors: Chitta Shashank , Russo Trevor L. , Albert Andrew J. , Russo Scott S. , MacFarlane Jarrod J. , Janish Tyler J.
Published: September 2022

Case:

A 22-year-old man presented with long-standing, progressive neck pain of unknown etiology. Investigation revealed a cervical spine osteoid osteoma affecting the right C4-5 facet joint. He underwent minimally invasive en bloc resection with O-arm–assisted 3-dimensional navigation without introducing iatrogenic spinal instability. Symptoms resolved after surgery, without recurrence or instability at the 2-year follow-up.

Conclusion:

Cervical spine osteoid osteoma is a tumor that presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Achieving precise, complete resection of the tumor with a minimally invasive approach while avoiding spinal instrumentation and arthrodesis is paramount to excellent surgical outcomes.
Determinants of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Passive Smokers
Authors: Triyaniarta Adinda Rahma , Martini Santi , Artanti Kurnia Dwi , Widati Sri , Nastiti Rizma Dwi
Published: September 2022

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) leads to complications of other diseases. The modifiable risk factors for T2DM are overweight, physical activity, hypertension, unhealthy diet, and smoking. This study aimed to analyze determinants of T2DM incidence in passive smokers among various factors. This study was conducted at Hospital X in Surabaya City, East Java Province, Indonesia, from September 2019 to April 2020. The variables were univariate, bivariate, and multivariate. Case samples were T2DM patients and passive smokers, while control samples were non-T2DM patients and passive smokers, with 52 respondents per group, of 104 total respondents. Variables statistically significant related to the incidence of T2DM in passive smokers were age >45 years, level of education (not attaining primary school), lack of physical activity, and hypertension. While, the variables having no relation were sex, occupation, sedentary lifestyles, income, and genetics. The multivariate analysis showed that age was a major factor contributing to the incidence of T2DM in passive smokers at Hospital X Surabaya. In brief, age is the most dominant risk factor for the incidence of T2DM in passive smokers.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors of Students at Islamic Boarding School X toward COVID-19 Incidence in 2022
Authors: Haninda Aisyah Raisa , Susanna Dewi , Kusuma Aria , Fitria Laila
Published: September 2022

The spread of COVID-19 can occur in various settings but most notably in gathering places. Health protocols to avoid the spread of COVID-19 may be influenced by the knowledge and attitude of individuals. This study examined the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of students at the Islamic Boarding School X in Serang City, Banten Province, Indonesia, with the COVID-19 incidence. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional study design was used. The study population consisted of 994 students, from which (via the Slovin’s formula) a minimum sample size of 285 students was obtained. Data collection was carried out using an online validated questionnaire. The data collected related to age, sex, education level, knowledge level, attitude, behavior, and the COVID-19 incidence as experienced by the respondents. The results showed that most students had low-level knowledge (71.9%), negative attitudes (51.3%), and poor behaviors (53.2%) regarding the COVID-19. Most of the students were infected by the COVID-19 (88%). Statistically, knowledge, attitude, and behavior had no significant relationship with the COVID-19 incidence (p-value>0.05). This study concludes that knowledge, attitude, and behavior are not related to the COVID-19 incidence.
Spatial Analysis of Seven Islands in Indonesia to Determine Stunting Hotspots
Authors: Sipahutar Tiopan , Eryando Tris , Budiharsana Meiwita
Published: September 2022

Indonesia is a vast country struggling to reduce its stunting prevalence. Hence, identifying priority areas is urgent. In determining areas to prioritize, one needs to consider geographical issues, particularly correlations among areas. This study aimed to discover whether stunting prevalence in Indonesia occurs randomly or in clusters; and, if it occurs in clusters, which areas are the hotspots. This ecological study used aggregate data from the 2018 National Basic Health Research and Poverty Data and Information Report from the Statistics Indonesia. This study analyzed 514 districts/cities across 34 provinces on seven main islands in Indonesia. The method used was the Euclidean distance to define the spatial weight. Moran's index test was used to identify autocorrelation, while a Moran scatter plot was applied to identify stunting hotspots. Autocorrelation was found among districts/cities in Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and Bali East Nusa Tenggara West Nusa Tenggara Islands, resulting in 133 districts/cities identified as stunting hotspots on four major islands. Autocorrelation proves that stunting in Indonesia does not occur randomly.
Degradation and fragmentation behavior of polypropylene and polystyrene in water.
Authors: Nakatani Hisayuki , Ohshima Yuina , Uchiyama Taishi , Suguru Motokucho
Published: September 2022

A polystyrene (PS) retrieved from the beach exhibited no change in surface texture. In contrast to it, a retrieved polypropylene (PP) had a rumpled surface texture. Highly reactive sulfate radical generated by K2S2O8 was employed as degradation initiator of PP and PS, and their degradation behavior was studied in water. The PS carbonyl index value gradually went up down, and its molecular weight (MW) curve discontinuously shifted to a lower MW with the increase of the degradation time unlike the PP. It was found that PP microplastic production rate was approximately three time higher than PS from weight ratio dependence on degradation time. The higher microplastic production rate of PP arose from its crystallizability. The voids were produced by change in specific volume occurring by chemi-crystallization and then provoked the cracks leading to quick fragmentation. The SEM photographs suggested that the PP microplastic size facilely reached nm order by the cracking around lamella.
Differentiation of intestinal epithelial stem cells from parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Li Leilei , Wang Wanpu , Luo Lilin , Dong Shuai , Li Menglong , Chen Tianxing , Meng Qingyang , Liang Rui
Published: September 2022

Intestinal epithelial stem cells (IESCs) have great potential for the repair of intestinal epithelial injury. However, the amplification of primarily cultured IESCs is relatively difficult. This study aims to obtain IESCs by inducing the differentiation of human parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells (hPESCs). The differentiation of hPESCs into to the definitive endoderm (DE) was performed by using activin A and Wnt3a firstly. Then the differentiation of DE into IESCs was conducted in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF). Markers of IESCs, i.e., Musashi 1(Msil) and hairy and enhancer of split 1(Hes1), were monitored dynamically with double immunocytochemical staining and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) to identify the differentiation of IESCs. Results showed that Msil+Hesl+ IESCs culminated after a 5-day culture in the presence of EGF and the expression of Msil and Hes1 in cells treated by EGF was 51.3- and 45.38-fold times, respectively, higher than those not treated by EGF. There results demonstrate that IESCs can be generated by inducing the differentiation of hPESCs. Therefore, this study provides a potential source of IESCs for the regeneration of injured intestinal epithelia and the theoretical and experimental basis for the clinical application of hPESCs.
Fully on-chip photonic turnkey quantum source for entangled qubit/qudit state generation
Authors: Mahmudlu Hatam , Johanning Robert , Kashi Anahita , Rees Albert van , Epping Jörn , Haldar Raktim , Boller Klaus , Kues Michael
Published: September 2022

Integrated photonics has recently become a leading platform for the realization and processing of optical entangled quantum states in compact, robust, and scalable chip formats with applications in long-distance quantum-secured communication, quantum-accelerated information processing, and non-classical metrology. However, the quantum light sources developed so far have relied on external bulky excitation lasers making them impractical, not reproducible prototype devices, hindering scalability and the transfer out of the lab into real-world applications. Here we demonstrate a fully integrated quantum light source, which overcomes these challenges through the combined integration of a laser cavity, a highly efficient tunable noise suppression filter (> 55 dB) exploiting the Vernier effect, and a nonlinear microring for entangled photon pair generation through spontaneous four-wave mixing. The hybrid quantum source employs an electrically-pumped InP gain section and a Si₃N₄ low-loss microring filter system and demonstrates high-performance parameters, i.e., a pair emission over four resonant modes in the telecom band (bandwidth ∼ 1 THz), and a remarkable pair detection rate of ∼ 620 Hz at a high coincidence-to-accidental ratio of ∼80. The source directly creates high-dimensional frequency-bin entangled quantum states (qubits/qudits), verified by quantum interference measurements with visibilities up to 96% (violating Bell-inequality) and by density matrix reconstruction through state tomography showing fidelities of up to 99%. Our approach, leveraging a hybrid photonic platform, enables commercial-viable, low-cost, compact, light-weight, and field-deployable entangled quantum sources, quintessential for practical, out-of-lab applications, e.g., in quantum processors and quantum satellite communications systems.
Payment systems for dialysis and their effects: a scoping review
Authors: Emrani Zahra , Amiresmaili Mohammadreza , Daroudi Rajabali , Najafi Mohammad Taghi , sari Ali Akbari
Published: September 2022

Background
End stage renal disease (ESRD) is a major health concern and a large drain on healthcare resources. A wide range of payment methods are used for management of ESRD. The main aim of this study is to identify current payment methods for dialysis and their effects.
Method
In this scoping review Pubmed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched from 2000 until 2021 using appropriate search strategies. Retrieved articles were screened according to predefined inclusion criteria. Data about the study characteristics and study results were extracted by a pre-structured data extraction form; and were analyzed by a thematic analysis approach.
Results
59 articles were included, the majority of them were published after 2011 (66%); all of them were from high and upper middle-income countries, especially USA (64% of papers). Fee for services, global budget, capitation (bundled) payments, and pay for performance (P4P) were the main reimbursement methods for dialysis centers; and FFS, salary, and capitation were the main methods to reimburse the nephrologists. Countries have usually used a combination of methods depending on their situations; and their methods have been further developed over time specially from the retrospective payment systems (RPS) towards the prospective payment systems (PPS) and pay for performance methods. The main effects of the RPS were undertreatment of unpaid and inexpensive services, and over treatment of payable services. The main effects of the PPS were cost saving, shifting the service cost outside the bundle, change in quality of care, risk of provider, and modality choice.
Conclusion
This study provides useful insights about the current payment systems for dialysis and the effects of each payment system; that might be helpful for improving the quality and efficiency of healthcare.
Noise effects on purity and quantum entanglement in terms of physical implementability
Authors: Yang Shuo , Guo Yuchen
Published: September 2022

Quantum decoherence due to imperfect manipulation of quantum devices is a key issue in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era. Standard analyses in quantum information and quantum computation use error rates to parameterize quantum noise channels. However, there is no explicit relation between the decoherence effect induced by a noise channel and its error rate. In this work, we propose to characterize the decoherence effect of a noise channel by the physical implementability of its inverse, which is a universal parameter quantifying the difficulty to simulate the noise inverse with accessible quantum channels. We establish two concise inequalities connecting the decrease of the state purity and logarithmic negativity after a noise channel to the physical implementability of the noise inverse. Our results are numerically demonstrated on several commonly adopted two- qubit noise models. We believe that these relations contribute to the theoretical research on the entanglement properties of noise channels and provide guiding principles for quantum circuit design.
HIV-1 infection of human tonsils activates CD4+ T cell oxidative phosphorylation and myeloid NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Freeman Tracey , Zhao Connie , Schrode Nadine , Tweel Benjamin , Fortune Trinisia , Schroff Sanjana , Beaumont Kristin , Swartz Talia
Published: September 2022

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) leads to a chronic, incurable infection that causes immune activation, resulting in chronic inflammation in people with HIV-1 (PWH) despite virologic suppression on antiretroviral therapy (ART). The mechanisms underlying this chronic inflammation are multifactorial; literature supports the role of lymphoid structures as reservoirs for viral latency and immune activation. Analysis of the cell type-specific transcriptomic changes induced by HIV-1 infection in lymphoid tissue has not been conducted. Human tonsil explants from four donors were infected with HIV-1 ex vivo. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA Seq) was performed to evaluate the represented cell types and the impact of infection, differential gene expression, and inflammatory signaling pathways. Infected CD4+ T cells exhibited increased respiratory electron transport pathway genes. Myeloid cells with low HIV-1 transcript demonstrated increased NLRP3 inflammasome pathway genes, suggesting that these cells may play a “bystander” role in HIV-associated inflammatory pathogenesis. We propose that HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cells activate oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in excess ATP efflux. Bystander myeloid cells sense the resulting extracellular ATP, thereby triggering NLRP3 inflammasome activation, proinflammatory signaling pathways, and pyroptotic cell death. These observations support important mechanistic understanding to drive the development of therapeutic strategies to eradicate disease in PWH.