bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Benzofuranones: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)/Base‐Catalyzed Hydroacylation—Stetter—Rearrangement Cascade.
Authors: Padmanaban Mohan , Biju Akkattu T. , Glorius Frank
Published: January 2012

The reaction proceeds via a chromanone intermediate which rearranges to the desired benzofuran skeleton.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Regioselective C—S Bond Cleavage of Thiophenes.
Authors: Huang Huanan , Li Jing , Lescop Christophe , Duan Zheng
Published: January 2012

The reaction of benzothiophenes and thiophenes with symmetrical diarylacetylenes leads to the cleavage of C—Br and C—S bonds and C—H activation in one pot.
ChemInform Abstract: Proximal Ester Assistance vs. Stereoelectronic Prohibition in Catalytic N‐Acyliminium Ion Reactions: Stereoselective Formation of Aza‐Heterocycles with Two Contiguous Quaternary‐Tertiary Stereocenters.
Authors: Saber Moussa , Comesse Sebastien , Dalla Vincent , Netchitailo Pierre , Daich Adam
Published: January 2012

The intermolecular and intramolecular α‐amidoalkylation of hemicyclic N,O‐acetals proceeds in the presence of NHTf2.
ChemInform Abstract: New Heteroannulation Reactions of N‐Alkoxybenzamides by Pd(II) Catalyzed C—H Activation.
Authors: Wrigglesworth Joe W. , Cox Brian , Lloyd‐Jones Guy C. , Booker‐Milburn Kevin I.
Published: January 2012

The reaction of N‐methoxybenzamides with terminal alkenes according to A) leads to alkylidene isoindolinones with complete (E)‐selectivity and regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Aryl Iodide Carbonylation as a Route to Imidazoline Synthesis: Design of a Five‐Component Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Bontemps Sebastien , Quesnel Jeffrey S. , Worrall Kraig , Arndtsen Bruce A.
Published: January 2012

Various imidazolines (IV) are directly synthesized by the new multicomponent reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Alkylation of 5‐Alkyl‐2‐aminothiazolones Using a C2‐Symmetric Chiral Tetraamine Base.
Authors: Frizzle Matthew J. , Nani Roger R. , Martinelli Michael J. , Moniz George A.
Published: January 2012

The dilithiated amine CDA is found to control the regio‐ and stereoselectivity of the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Oxidative Heck Coupling of Thiazole‐4‐carboxylates.
Authors: Li Ziyuan , Ma Ling , Tang Changhua , Xu Jinyi , Wu Xiaoming , Yao Hequan
Published: January 2012

A general protocol is developed for the synthesis of the desired alkenylation products.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Free Copper‐Catalyzed Regioselective C‐2 Arylation of Imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazoles.
Authors: Huang Guoli , Sun Hongsheng , Qiu Xiaojie , Jin Can , Lin Chen , Shen Yingzhong , Jiang Juli , Wang Leyong
Published: January 2012

3,6‐Disubstituted imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazoles (22 examples) are arylated selectively at the C‐2 position.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkynylation of Benzotriazole with Silylethynyliodonium Triflates. Regioselective Synthesis of 2‐Ethynyl‐2H‐benzotriazole Derivatives.
Authors: Kitamura Tsugio , Morshed Mohammad Hasan , Tsukada Satoru , Miyazaki Yuki , Iguchi Naomi , Inoue Daisuke
Published: January 2012

Benzotriazole undergoes new regioselective alkynylation with silylethynyliodonium triflates to afford benzotriazoles (IIIa) and (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: Formal Diels—Alder Reactions of Chalcones and Formylcyclopropanes Catalyzed by Chiral N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes.
Authors: Lv Hui , Mo Junming , Fang Xinqiang , Chi Yonggui Robin
Published: January 2012

The reaction proceeds with complete enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of a Novel Furocoumarin Derivative Inhibiting NF‐ϰB Dependent Biological Functions: Design, Synthesis and Biological Effects.
Authors: Gambari Roberto , et al. et al.
Published: January 2012

Biological evaluation of novel compounds (VI) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of 3‐Vinyl and 3‐Styryl Coumarins.
Authors: Gordo Joana , Avo Joao , Parola A. Jorge , Lima Joao C. , Pereira Antonio , Branco Paula S.
Published: January 2012

The reaction of 2‐hydroxyaldehydes with 3‐butenoic acid proceeds best via 3 steps in a one‐pot manner to afford 3‐vinylcoumarins.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Assembly of Chromone Skeleton from 2,3‐Allenoic Acids and Benzynes.
Authors: Chai Guobi , Qiu Youai , Fu Chunling , Ma Shengming
Published: January 2012

A variety of di‐ and trisubstituted allenoic acids and various benzyne precursors lead unexpectedly to polysubstituted chromone derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Switching the Reactivity of Dihydrothiopyran‐4‐one with Aldehydes by Aqueous Organocatalysis: Baylis—Hillman, Aldol, or Aldol Condensation Reactions.
Authors: Abaee M. Saeed , Mojtahedi Mohammad M. , Pasha Ghasem F. , Akbarzadeh Elahe , Shockravi Abbas , Mesbah A. Wahid , Massa Werner
Published: January 2012

Baylis—Hillman reaction of enone (I) with aromatic aldehydes takes place when DBU is used as a base.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 6‐Substituted‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐pyridinones via Intramolecular Ketene Trapping of Functionalized Enamine‐Dioxinones.
Authors: Patel Bhavesh H. , Mason Andrew M. , Barrett Anthony G. M.
Published: January 2012

The method is based on enamine formation from substrates (I), followed by thermolytic generation of the intermediate enamine‐acyl‐ketene.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling of Oxime Acetates with Aldehydes: A New Strategy for Synthesis of Pyridines.
Authors: Ren Zhi‐Hui , Zhang Zhi‐Yuan , Yang Bing‐Qin , Wang Yao‐Yu , Guan Zheng‐Hui
Published: January 2012

A wide range of triarylsubstituted pyridine derivatives and fused pentacyclic products is prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Pyrrole‐Annulated Coumarin, Quinolone, and 7‐Aza‐Indole Derivatives.
Authors: Majumdar K. C. , Ganai Sintu , Chattopadhyay Buddhadeb , Ray Krishanu
Published: January 2012

Potentially bioactive heterocyclic structures of type (III), (V) and (VIII) are readily available under conditions A) or B) in the absence of any ligand or N‐protecting group.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient, Single‐Step Access to Imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridine N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Precursors.
Authors: Hutt Johnathon T. , Aron Zachary D.
Published: January 2012

A variety of imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridinium salts is prepared via reactions of picolinaldehyde (I) or its derivatives with amines and formaldehyde.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones Catalyzed by Zirconium (IV) Chloride as a Mild and Efficient Catalyst.
Authors: Abdollahi‐Alibeik Mohammad , Shabani Elahe
Published: January 2012

The purification of the products is simple and no undesirable side reactions take place.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Pyrido[3′,2′:4,5]furo[3,2‐d]pyrimidine Derivatives as Novel and Potent Phosphodiesterase Type 4 Inhibitors.
Authors: Pages Lluis , et al. et al.
Published: January 2012

Title compounds (X) and (XIV) are tested for phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitory activity, with the potential to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Hypnotic Properties and Molecular Modeling Studies of 1,2,7,9‐Tetraaza‐spiro[4.5]dec‐2‐ene‐6,8,10‐triones.
Authors: Girgis Adel S. , Farag Hanaa , Ismail Nasser S. M. , George Riham F.
Published: January 2012

1,3‐Dipolar cycloaddition reaction of pyrimidinetriones (I) with in situ generated nitrilimines affords title compounds (III) in a highly regioselective manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Anticancer and Radio‐Sensitizing Evaluation of Some New Thiazolopyrane and Thiazolopyranopyrimidine Derivatives Bearing a Sulfonamide Moiety.
Authors: Ghorab Mostafa M. , Ragab Fatma A. , Heiba Helmy I. , El‐Hazek Reham M.
Published: January 2012

All newly synthesized compounds are screened for their in vitro anticancer activity against human breast cancer cell line MCF7.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclization Reactions of Hydrazones. Part 32. Synthesis of Some Pyrazolylhydrazones and Study of Their Cyclization.
Authors: Cankar Petr , Malon Michal , Gucky Tomas , Slouka Jan
Published: January 2012

Several substituted 1H‐pyrazol‐5‐yl hydrazones (III) are prepared in order to study their cyclization reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthetic Methodologies. Part 6. Synthesis of 3,6‐Epoxy[1,5]dioxocines from 2‐Hydroxyaromatic Benzaldehydes.
Authors: Sashidhara Koneni V. , Kumar Abdhesh , Rao K. Bhaskara
Published: January 2012

Base‐mediated reaction of 2‐hydroxybenzaldehydes with chloromethyloxirane provides pharmaceutically relevant new title compounds of type (III) (16 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed C—H Silylation of Methylboronic Acid Using a Removable α‐Directing Modifier on the Boron Atom.
Authors: Ihara Hideki , Ueda Akinori , Suginome Michinori
Published: January 2012

α‐Silylation of methylboronic acid (II) with silyl hydrides (IV) is achieved using pyrazolylaniline (Ia) as a removable α‐directing modifier on the boron atom.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Aminophosphonates via Organocatalytic Sulfenylation and [2,3]‐Sigmatropic Sulfimide Rearrangement.
Authors: Armstrong Alan , Deacon Neil , Donald Craig
Published: January 2012

A combination of sulfenylation and Wittig‐type olefination gives enantioenriched allyl sulfides of type (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: The Application of Tandem Aza‐Wittig Reaction to Synthesize Artemisinin—Guanidine Hybrids and Their Antitumor Activity.
Authors: Xie Lijun , Zhao Yanfang , Zhai Xin , Li Peng , Liu Chun , Li Yangxiong , Gong Ping
Published: January 2012

Title compounds (I)‐(III) show enhanced antitumor activities against A549, HT‐29 and MDA‐MB‐231 cell lines compared to dihydroartemisinin.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of β‐Glycosyl Esters of cis‐Cinnamic Acid and Its Derivatives Using Unprotected Glycosyl Donors.
Authors: Matsuo Kazumasa , Nishikawa Keisuke , Shindo Mitsuru
Published: January 2012

The first efficient synthesis of the potent allelochemical (IIIa), isolated from Spiraea thunbergii, using the unprotected Hannesian‐type glycosyl donor (I) is elaborated.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Facialselective Synthesis of Pyranose 1,3‐Oxazines and Their Ring Opening with Nucleophiles: A Novel Entry to 2‐C‐Branched Glycosides.
Authors: Yin Biao‐Lin , Zhang Ze‐Ren , Xu Li‐Wen , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: January 2012

The reaction of various glycals with N‐benzoyl‐O‐alkylacetals, promoted by TmsOTf, leads to pyranose 1,3‐oxazines structures with high diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Effective Synthesis and Photoluminescence of Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ Red‐Emitting Phosphor for LEDs.
Authors: Nersisyan Hayk , Won Hyung Il , Won Chang Whan
Published: January 2012

The title phosphor is synthesized by self‐sustaining combustion of SrX2 and EuX3 (X: F, Cl, I), micrometer sized Si powder, polytetrafluoroethylene, and urea under 2.0 MPa N2 pressure.
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic States and Transport Properties of Carbon Crystalline: Graphene, Nanotube, and Graphite
Authors: Iye Y.
Published: January 2012

Review: 96 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Design of Functional Porous Metallosilicates from Single Molecular Precursors (SMP)
Authors: Lemaire Arnaud
Published: January 2012

Review: 47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in the Synthesis of Tetrazoles Coordinated to Metal Ions
Authors: Popova Elena A. , Trifonov Rostislav E. , Ostrovskii Vladimir A.
Published: January 2012

Review: 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Water‐Stable fac‐{TcO3}+ Complexes — A New Field of Technetium Chemistry
Authors: Braband Henrik
Published: January 2012

Review: 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heck Arylations of Baylis—Hillman Adducts
Authors: Le Bras Jean , Muzart Jacques
Published: January 2012

Review: ca. 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Direct Biaryl Coupling Reaction of Heteroaromatic Compounds via Iodonium Intermediate
Authors: Morimoto Koji
Published: January 2012

Review: 28 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Natural Products and Pharma 2011: Strategic Changes Spur New Opportunities
Authors: Carter Guy T.
Published: January 2012

Review: 33 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Reactions Using Chiral Diaminophosphine Oxide Preligands and Their Applications
Authors: Nemoto Tetsuhiro , Hamada Yasumasa
Published: January 2012

Review: about 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity Features of Cyclododecanone
Authors: Zoorob Hanafi H. , Elsherbini Mohamed S. , Hamama Wafaa S.
Published: January 2012

Review: 220 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Phosphorus Ligands with Interesting Properties and Practical Applications
Authors: Lam Fuk Loi , Kwong Fuk Yee , Chan Albert S. C.
Published: January 2012

Review: 181 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multimetallic Multifunctional Catalysts for Asymmetric Reactions
Authors: Shibasaki Masakatsu , Kanai Motomu , Matsunaga Shigeki , Kumagai Naoya
Published: January 2012

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Anaerobic Processes
Authors: Batstone D. J. , Jensen P. D.
Published: January 2012

Review: 90 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid State NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Aliev A. E. , Law R. V.
Published: January 2012

Review: 263 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Liquids and Gases
Authors: Kowalewski Jozef
Published: January 2012

Review: 371 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Theoretical and Physical Aspects of Nuclear Shielding
Authors: Jameson Cynthia J. , de Dios Angel C.
Published: January 2012

Review: 110 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Coordination Environments
Authors: Antholine William E. , Bennett Brian , Hanson Graeme R.
Published: January 2012

Review: 112 refs.
Atrial Fibrillation and Vascular Disease—A Bad Combination
Authors: Bjerring Olesen Jonas , Gislason Gunnar Hilmar , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Lip Gregory Y. H.
Published: January 2012

This article provides an overview of (i) the risk of stroke associated with vascular disease (acute coronary syndromes and peripheral artery disease) in patients with atrial fibrillation, (ii) the frequent coexistence of vascular disease in patients with atrial fibrillation and, (iii) the cardiovascular risk associated with the coexisting of the two diseases. The literature on this topic is relatively sparse, and we discuss results from both clinical trials and observational studies.

There is a clear indication of an increased stroke risk associated with vascular disease in patients with atrial fibrillation. Indeed, patients with atrial fibrillation often had coexisting vascular disease (around 18%), and the combination of the two diseases substantially increases the risk of future cardiovascular events. The increased risk associated with peripheral artery disease in atrial fibrillation is even more pronounced.

Patients with atrial fibrillation and stable vascular disease should be treated with oral anticoagulation only, although when these patients present with acute coronary syndrome and/or undergo coronary stenting, concomitant treatment with antiplatelet drugs is indicated. To guide antithrombotic management in patients with atrial fibrillation, several stroke and bleeding risk prediction schemes have been developed. Clin. Cardiol. 2012 DOI: 10.1002/clc.20955

Dr. Olesen received an honorarium through an educational grant from Sanofi Aventis for time and expertise spent writing this article. Dr Lip has served as a consultant for Bayer, Astellas, Merck, AstraZeneca, Sanofi, BMS/Pfizer, Biotronik, Portola and Boehringer Ingelheim and has been on the speakers bureau for Bayer, BMS/Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Sanofi‐Aventis. Drs. Gislason and Torp‐Pedersen disclose no conflicts of interest.
Can We Predict the Occurrence of Atrial Fibrillation?
Authors: Schnabel Renate B.
Published: January 2012

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a complex disease with increasing prevalence in an aging population and longer survival with cardiovascular diseases. Whereas most clinical efforts have been aimed at predicting risk of AF sequelae such as stroke and heart failure, little is known on primary prevention. AF risk assessment is complicated by the existence of distinct subtypes of AF, such as lone AF or postoperative AF, in contrast to common AF in the elderly. Due to its often intermittent nature, diagnosing AF can be a challenge. Risk prediction becomes reasonable when specific interventions arise. Due to our limited understanding of AF pathophysiology and substantial lack of specific preventive strategies in the population, modification of the general cardiovascular risk profile has largely remained the only option. Initial attempts at combining established risk factors for AF such as age, sex, hypertension, body mass index, electrocardiographic characteristics, and cardiovascular disease in a risk‐prediction instrument have produced a robust algorithm. However, known risk factors only explain a fraction of the population‐attributable risk of AF, and the search for novel risk indicators is ongoing. More efficient monitoring for electrocardiographic precursors of AF and the field of genomics are evolving areas of AF risk factor research. A better understanding of the underlying substrate of AF will provide targets for prevention. In the future, clinical trials will be needed to establish risk categories, interventions, and their efficacy. Despite a relevant public‐health impact, knowledge on risk prediction and primary prevention of AF is still limited today.

There are no conflicts of interest to disclose.
Bensulfuron‐methyl Biodegradation and Microbial Parameters in a Riparian Soil as Affected by Simulated Saltwater Incursion
Authors: Yang Changming , Wang Mengmeng , Cai Wenjuan , Li Jianhua
Published: January 2012

Soil salinization due to saltwater incursion, is a major threat to microbial population and thus strongly alters biogeochemical processes in a freshwater riparian of coastal estuary region. An incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of simulated saltwater treatments with different percentages of artificial seawater on biodegradation dynamics of herbicide bensulfuron‐methyl (BSM) and microbial ecophysiological parameters in a riparian soil in Chongming Island, China. The results showed that saltwater addition with 10% seawater significantly increased the biodegradation efficiency of BSM with the lowest residual concentration among all the treatments. However, BSM degradation was markedly decreased in the riparian soil with high levels of saltwater treatment. The half‐lives for 20% and 50% seawater treatments were prolonged by 4.9% and 21.1%, respectively, as compared to no saltwater treatment. Throughout the incubation period, 10% seawater treatment showed significantly stimulating effects on microbial parameters in the BSM‐spiked riparian soil. At the end of incubation experiment, flourescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis rate, soil microbial adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and basal soil respiration (BSR) in the BSM‐spiked riparian soil with 10% seawater were 64.2%, 48.9%, and 39.4% higher than those with no saltwater treatment, respectively. In contrast, saltwater treatment with 50% seawater significantly inhibited microbial activities, relative to no saltwater treatment. Especially, FDA hydrolysis rate, microbial ATP, and BSR were decreased by 74.1%, 69.8%, and 63.4%, respectively, as compared to no saltwater treatment. Our data indicate that different levels of simulated saltwater incursion can exert variable effects on microbial ecophysiological parameters, and consequently resulted in the difference in biodegradation dynamics of herbicide in the herbicide‐spiked riparian soil.
Distinct Caenorhabditis elegans HLH‐8/twist‐containing dimers function in the mesoderm
Authors: Philogene Mary C. , Meyers Small Stephany G. , Wang Peng , Corsi Ann K.
Published: January 2012

Background: The Caenorhabditis elegans basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) factor HLH‐8, the single Twist ortholog in the nematode genome, plays important roles in mesoderm development, including M lineage patterning and differentiation of vulval and enteric muscles. HLH‐8 cooperates with HLH‐2, the bHLH E/Daughterless ortholog, to regulate downstream target genes, but it is not known whether HLH‐2 is an obligate partner for all HLH‐8 functions. Results: Using hlh‐2 loss‐of‐function alleles and RNAi, we discovered that HLH‐2 is required in the vulval muscles but not in M patterning or enteric muscle development. Additionally, we found that expressing tethered HLH‐8/HLH‐8 dimers in hlh‐8 null animals rescued M patterning and enteric but not vulval muscle development. Conclusions: These results support a model whereby HLH‐8/HLH‐8 homodimers function in M lineage patterning and enteric muscles and HLH‐8/HLH‐2 heterodimers function in the M‐derived vulval muscles. Interestingly, the different dimers function in the same M lineage cells and the switch in dimer function coincides with vulval muscle differentiation. The use of distinct Twist dimers is evolutionarily conserved, and C. elegans provides a paradigm for future dissection of differential promoter regulation by these dimers at a single cell resolution. Developmental Dynamics 241:481–492, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Requirements for Jag1‐Rbpj mediated Notch signaling during early mouse lens development
Authors: Le Tien T. , Conley Kevin W. , Mead Timothy J. , Rowan Sheldon , Yutzey Katherine E. , Brown Nadean L.
Published: January 2012

Background: During vertebrate lens development, the lens placode in the embryonic ectoderm invaginates into a lens vesicle, which then separates from the surface epithelium, followed by two waves of fiber cell differentiation. In the mouse, multiple labs have shown that Jag1‐Notch signaling is critically required during the second wave of lens fiber cell formation. However, Notch signaling appears to play no obvious role during lens induction or morphogenesis, although multiple pathway genes are expressed at these earlier stages. Results: Here, we explored functions for Notch signaling specifically during early lens development, by using the early‐acting AP2α‐Cre driver to delete Jag1 or Rbpj. We found that Jag1 and Rbpj are not required during lens induction, but are necessary for proper lens vesicle separation from the surface ectoderm. Conclusions: We conclude that precise levels of Notch signaling are essential during lens vesicle morphogenesis. In addition, AP2α‐Cre‐mediated deletion of Rbpj resulted in embryos with cardiac outflow tract and liver deformities, and perinatal lethality. Developmental Dynamics 241:493–504, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
N‐myc downstream regulated gene 1 modulates Wnt‐β‐catenin signalling and pleiotropically suppresses metastasis
Authors: Liu Wen , Xing Fei , Iiizumi‐Gairani Megumi , Okuda Hiroshi , Watabe Misako , Pai Sudha K. , Pandey Puspa R. , Hirota Shigeru , Kobayashi Aya , Mo Yin‐Yuan , Fukuda Koji , Li Yi , Watabe Kounosuke
Published: January 2012

Wnt signalling has pivotal roles in tumour progression and metastasis; however, the exact molecular mechanism of Wnt signalling in the metastatic process is as yet poorly defined. Here we demonstrate that the tumour metastasis suppressor gene, NDRG1, interacts with the Wnt receptor, LRP6, followed by blocking of the Wnt signalling, and therefore, orchestrates a cellular network that impairs the metastatic progression of tumour cells. Importantly, restoring NDRG1 expression by a small molecule compound significantly suppressed the capability of otherwise highly metastatic tumour cells to thrive in circulation and distant organs in animal models. In addition, our analysis of clinical cohorts data indicate that Wnt+/NDRG−/LRP+ signature has a strong predictable value for recurrence‐free survival of cancer patients. Collectively, we have identified NDRG1 as a novel negative master regulator of Wnt signalling during the metastatic progression, which opens an opportunity to define a potential therapeutic target for metastatic disease.
Full‐scale burning tests on double‐skin façade fires
Authors: Chow C. L.
Published: January 2012

Fire hazard of an architectural feature with double‐skin façade is a concern. An identified scenario of having a post‐flashover room fire adjacent to the façade was studied experimentally in a rig of 6 m tall. Eight tests of cavity depths including a wide value of 2 m, normal values of 1.5 m and 1 m and a narrow value of 0.5 m under a room flashover fire of 1200 kW were carried out. From the measured air temperature profiles inside the façade cavity, the chance of breaking the interior glass pane above the fire room is therefore very high. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of a Single‐Chamber Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Microstack with V‐Shaped Congener‐Electrode‐Facing Configuration
Authors: Tian Y. , Lü Z. , Zhang Y. , Wei B. , Liu M. , Huang X. , Su W.
Published: January 2012

Single‐chamber solid oxide fuel cell (SC‐SOFC) microstacks with V‐Shaped congener‐electrode‐facing configuration were fabricated and operated successfully in a box‐like stainless steel chamber. Two gas channels with small gas inlets were used to transport the fuel and oxygen to the anodes and cathodes, respectively. The temperature of an anode‐facing‐anode two‐cell stack was higher than that of a cathode‐facing‐cathode two‐cell stack during the test procedure. For a three‐cell stack, the cell in the middle region presented the highest power output. The open circuit voltage (OCV) and maximum power output of the three‐cell stack in a gas mixture of 100 sccm N2, 120 sccm CH4, and 80 sccm O2 were 3.0 V and 413 mW, respectively.
Matted nodes: Poor prognostic marker in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma independent of HPV and EGFR status
Authors: Spector Matthew E. , Gallagher K. Kelly , Light Emily , Ibrahim Mohannad , Chanowski Eric J. , Moyer Jeffrey S. , Prince Mark E. , Wolf Gregory T. , Bradford Carol R. , Cordell Kitrina , McHugh Jonathan B. , Carey Thomas , Worden Francis P. , Eisbruch Avraham , Chepeha Douglas B. ,   The University of Michigan Head Neck Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) Program
Published: January 2012

Background

Despite better prognosis, there is a group of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) human papillomavirus (HPV)+ patients who experience treatment failure and succumb to distant metastasis.

Methods

Seventy‐eight previously untreated patients nested in a concurrent chemoradiation protocol were reviewed to correlate patterns of local‐regional tumor extent to distant metastasis. Biomarker assessment was: HPV in situ hybridization and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) immunointensity.

Results

The 3‐year disease‐specific survival (DSS) for patients presenting with and without matted nodes was 69% and 94%, respectively (p = .003). Matted nodes were a poor prognostic factor independent of T classification, HPV, EGFR, and smoking status. For patients who were HPV+, 7 of 11 died of distant metastasis and 6 of 7 with distant metastasis had matted nodes.

Conclusion

Matted nodes are a novel marker of poor prognosis in oropharyngeal SCC independent of established prognostic factors. Matted nodes may identify patients at risk for the development of distant metastasis who could benefit from systemic therapy, whereas patients without matted nodes may be candidates for de‐escalation of therapy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Imatinib plasma trough levels in chronic myeloid leukaemia: results of a multicentre study CSTI571AIL11TGLIVEC
Authors: Koren‐Michowitz Maya , Volchek Yulia , Naparstek Elizabeth , Gavish Israel , Levi Itai , Rowe Jacob M. , Shimoni Avichai , Nagler Arnon
Published: January 2012

Imatinib has been accepted as frontline treatment for patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), and patients generally receive doses ranging from 400 to 800 mg/day. Previous studies have demonstrated that maintaining imatinib plasma levels (IMPLs) >1000 ng/mL leads to improved responses and long‐term outcomes. However, IMPLs vary among patients because of factors such as drug–drug interactions, adherence, toxicity and differential levels of expression of cellular efflux/influx proteins. In this study, IMPLs were analysed in 191 patients with CML and were compared with achievement of molecular and cytogenetic responses (CyR). IMPLs were also correlated with renal and hepatic dysfunction. Additionally, self‐reported adherence was monitored. The median and mean IMPLs were 994 ng/mL and 1070 ± 686 ng/mL, respectively, with 96 patients (50%) achieving plasma levels >1000 ng/mL. Self‐reported patient compliance was 98%. Patients who achieved a complete CyR (CCyR) had significantly higher IMPLs (1078 ± 545 ng/mL) than those without CyR (827 ± 323 ng/mL, p = 0.045). When grouped together, patients who achieved a CCyR or partial CyR had significantly higher IMPLs than patients who achieved a minimal CyR or did not achieve a CyR (1066 ng/mL vs 814 ng/mL, p = 0.002). There was no significant difference observed in the IMPLs between patients who achieved molecular responses (n = 177) on treatment (major molecular response, 976 ± 385 ng/mL versus complete molecular response, 1138 ± 809 ng/mL, p = 0.387). Mean IMPLs were similar in patients with or without renal or hepatic impairment. Overall, this study confirmed previous reports that higher IMPLs correlate with clinical responses and demonstrated that imatinib exposure did not differ in patients with or without liver and/or renal dysfunction. The use of IMPL testing and patient diaries may be practical tools for the management of imatinib therapy in patients with CML. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of depressive symptoms and functional outcomes in patients with major depressive disorder treated with duloxetine versus placebo: primary outcomes from two trials conducted under the same protocol
Authors: Oakes Tina Marie Myers , Myers Adam L. , Marangell Lauren B. , Ahl Jonna , Prakash Apurva , Thase Michael E. , Kornstein Susan G.
Published: January 2012

Objective

Return of functional ability is a central goal in the treatment of major depressive disorder. We conducted two trials with the same protocol that was designed to assess functioning after 8 Weeks of treatment with duloxetine.

Methods

The a priori primary outcome was improvement in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) item 7 (work/activities). Secondary outcomes included improvement in depressive symptoms assessed by the HAMD Maier subscale, and improvement in functioning assessed by the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), and the Social Adaptation Self‐evaluation Scale (SASS). Patients were randomly assigned to duloxetine 60 mg/day (Trial I, n = 257; Trial II, n = 261) or placebo (Trial I, n = 127; Trial II, n = 131). Changes from baseline were analyzed using a mixed‐effects model repeated measures approach.

Results

At Week 8, duloxetine was superior to placebo in improving HAMD work/activities (p < 0.001) in Trial II, but not Trial I (p = 0.051), and Maier scores (p < 0.01) in both trials. At Week 12, duloxetine was superior to placebo on improving SASS scores in both trials, and the SDS in Trial II.

Conclusion

Treatment with duloxetine was associated with significant improvement in depressive symptoms compared with placebo, but improvement in HAMD work/activities was inconsistent at 8 weeks. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Medication attitudes and beliefs in patients with psychotic and affective disorders on maintenance treatment
Authors: Ng Chee Hong , Smith Deidre J , King Joel , Ong Susan , Schweitzer Isaac
Published: January 2012

Rationale

Patient attitudes and beliefs regarding the cost‐benefits of medications may influence treatment adherence. However, beliefs and attitudes about psychotropic medications have not been well studied across different clinical populations.

Objective

This study sought to compare medication attitudes, beliefs, and clinical characteristics in patients with psychotic disorders versus those with affective disorders.

Method

Clinician‐rated and self‐report measures were used to assess the drug attitudes, beliefs, and clinical features of outpatients with affective and psychotic disorders on stable medications.

Results

There were no significant differences in the overall medication attitudes and beliefs scores between the clinical groups. The affective group, however, were less likely to believe that medications would prevent hospitalisation (p < 0.05) and were less likely to use an aid as a reminder to take their medication (p < 0.05). Medication attitudes and beliefs were found to have significant correlation with reported side effects (p < 0.01) but not with educational level and duration or severity of illness.

Conclusions

Patients with psychotic disorders did not show more negative attitudes or beliefs about medication than those with affective disorders. It would be clinically important that equal care is taken to assess perceived drug side effects, and attitudes and beliefs about medications across diagnostic groups. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic evidence for the vital function of osterix in cementogenesis
Authors: Cao Zhengguo , Zhang Hua , Zhou Xin , Han Xianglong , Ren Yinshi , Gao Tian , Xiao Yin , de Crombrugghe Benoit , Somerman Martha J , Feng Jian Q
Published: January 2012

To date, attempts to regenerate a complete tooth, including the critical periodontal tissues associated with the tooth root, have not been successful. Controversy still exists regarding the origin of the cell source for cellular cementum (epithelial or mesenchymal). This disagreement may be partially due to a lack of understanding of the events leading to the initiation and development of the tooth roots and supportive tissues, such as the cementum. Osterix (OSX) is a transcriptional factor essential for osteogenesis, but its role in cementogenesis has not been addressed. In the present study, we first documented a close relationship between the temporal- and spatial-expression pattern of Osx and the formation of cellular cementum. We then generated 3.6-kilobase (kb) collagen type I (3.6-kb Col 1)-Osx transgenic mice, which displayed accelerated cementum formation versus wild-type (WT) controls. Importantly, the conditional deletion of Osx in the mesenchymal cells with two different Cre systems (the 2.3-kb Col 1 and an inducible CAG–Cre estrogen receptor [CreER]) led to a sharp reduction in cellular cementum formation (including the cementum mass and mineral deposition rate) and gene expression of dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) by cementocytes. However, the deletion of the Osx gene after cellular cementum formed did not alter the properties of the mature cementum as evaluated by backscattered scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and resin-casted SEM. Transient transfection of Osx in the cementoblasts in vitro significantly inhibited cell proliferation and increased cell differentiation and mineralization. Taken together, these data support: (1) the mesenchymal origin of cellular cementum (from periodontal ligament [PDL] progenitor cells); (2) the vital role of OSX in controlling the formation of cellular cementum; and (3) the limited remodeling of cellular cementum in adult mice. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Highlighting and trying to overcome a serious drawback with qspr studies; data collection in different experimental conditions (mixed‐QSPR)
Authors: Beheshti Abolghasem , Riahi Siavash , Ganjali Mohammad Reza , Norouzi Parviz
Published: January 2012

The experimental conditions in quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) studies need to be the same for each dataset in case one wishes to relate the property, only to the structure. This major drawback limits QSPR studies due to two reasons: (1) Gathering of physicochemical data obtained under the same experimental condition is difficult. (2) The obtained model is just useful to predict the physicochemical properties under the specific experimental condition. In this article, we report an attempt to highlight the shortcoming of QSPR studies for a property that was measured under different experimental conditions. In addition, we reveal inadequacies that correlating the fluorescence properties and the descriptor of the solvent has. These defects are eventually removed by taking into account the solvent–solute interactions in descriptor calculations. Quantum chemical calculations (HF/6‐31G*) were carried out to optimize geometry and calculate the structural descriptors. The genetic algorithm combined with multiple linear regression method was utilized to construct the linear QSPR models. Because of the better nonlinear relationship between the quantum yield of fluorescence and structural descriptors in comparison with those of a linear relationship, support vector machine was used to construct the nonlinear QSPR model. Result analyses demonstrated that the proposed models meet our goal. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2012
Electronic structure and thermochemical properties of silicon‐doped lithium clusters LinSi0/+, n = 1–8: New insights on their stability
Authors: Tai Truong Ba , Nguyen Minh Tho
Published: January 2012

A theoretical investigation on small silicon‐doped lithium clusters LinSi with n = 1–8, in both neutral and cationic states is performed using the high accuracy CCSD(T)/complete basis set (CBS) method. Location of the global minima is carried out using a stochastic search method and the growth pattern of the clusters emerges as follows: (i) the species LinSi with n ≤ 6 are formed by directly binding one Li to a Si of the smaller cluster Lin−1Si, (ii) the structures tend to have an as high as possible symmetry and to maximize the coordination number of silicon. The first three‐dimensional global minimum is found for Li4Si, and (iii) for Li7Si and Li8Si, the global minima are formed by capping Li atoms on triangular faces of Li6Si (Oh). A maximum coordination number of silicon is found to be 6 for the global minima, and structures with higher coordination of silicon exist but are less stable. Heats of formation at 0 K (ΔfH0) and 298 K (ΔfH298), average binding energies (Eb), adiabatic (AIE) and vertical (VIE) ionization energies, dissociation energies (De), and second‐order difference in total energy (Δ2E) of the clusters in both neutral and cationic states are calculated from the CCSD(T)/CBS energies and used to evaluate the relative stability of clusters. The species Li4Si, Li6Si, and Li5Si+ are the more stable systems with large HOMO–LUMO gaps, Eb, and Δ2E. Their enhanced stability can be rationalized using a modified phenomenological shell model, which includes the effects of additional factors such as geometrical symmetry and coordination number of the dopant. The new model is subsequently applied with consistency to other impure clusters LinX with X = B, Al, C, Si, Ge, and Sn. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Alteration of energy metabolism in Enterobacter aerogenes by external addition of pyrophosphates and overexpression of polyphosphate kinase for enhanced hydrogen production
Authors: Lu Yuan , Lai Qiheng , Zhang Chong , Zhao Hongxin , Xing Xin‐Hui
Published: January 2012

BACKGROUND: Bacterial hydrogen evolution releases excess electrons or energy formed during the metabolic oxidations. Until now, few studies have investigated the global regulation of cellular energy flows, pertaining to bacterial hydrogen production for the improvement of hydrogen production. In this study, the cellular energy metabolism of Enterobacter aerogenes was regulated by the addition of pyrophosphate (PPi) and the overexpression of polyphosphate kinase (PPK), to improve hydrogen production.

RESULTS: By overexpressing PPK at 10 mmol L−1 PPi, total hydrogen yields were increased by 32.7%. Metabolic flux analysis demonstrated that overexpression of PPK in E. aerogenes resulted in a higher cellular ATP level and a higher NADH consumption rate, which changed the cellular redox state and allowed more electrons to flow into the hydrogen production pathway.

CONCLUSION: Alteration of the energy metabolism in E. aerogenes can affect hydrogen production. This implies that if one could accurately control the energy flow or the electron flow in the cells, hydrogen productivity would be further greatly improved. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Full‐scale biotrickling filtration of volatile organic compounds from air emission in wood‐coating activities
Authors: Lafita Carlos , Penya‐Roja Josep‐Manuel , Gabaldón Carmen , Martínez‐Soria Vicente
Published: January 2012

BACKGROUND: Biotrickling filtration could be considered as a suitable and viable technology for controlling the industrial emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in waste gases. In this study, the performance of a full‐scale biotrickling system, including a passively activated carbon‐smoothing prefilter was investigated for the treatment of exhaust gases from two different paint spray sources at a furniture facility.

RESULTS: The VOC profiles were uneven for both sources, but the second source was more irregular, with highly variable VOC loads. The plant was operated at empty bed residence times (EBRTs) between 20 and 100 s. The system was able to control the VOC emissions, so air treated could comply with local legal emission limits under suitable operating conditions (EBRT ∼20 s and EBRT ∼85 s for the first and the second source, respectively). Economic evaluation of the treatment, including investment amortization, showed a total cost per 10,000 m3 of treated air of around 8 € and 35 € for the first and the second sources, respectively.

CONCLUSION: The profile, type, and composition of VOC sources were shown to be crucial parameters determining the VOC removal ability and the viability of the biotrickling system. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Catalytic degradation of aqueous Fischer–Tropsch effluents to fuel gas over oxide‐supported Ru catalysts and hydrothermal stability of catalysts
Authors: Chen Lungang , Zhu Yulei , Zheng Hongyan , Zhang Chenghua , Li Yongwang
Published: January 2012

BACKGROUND: The catalytic degradation of aqueous Fischer–Tropsch (FT) effluents to fuel gas over Ru/AC has been investigated. In order to understand the catalytic performance and stability of oxide‐supported Ru catalysts, several oxide supports (titania, zirconia, γ‐alumina and silica) were selected for study, with a focus on the hydrothermal stability of catalysts.

RESULTS: The catalytic efficiency for transforming the oxygenates in aqueous FT effluents to C1–C6 alkanes decreased in the order: Ru/ZrO2∼ Ru/TiO2 > Ru/SiO2 > Ru/Al2O3. The conversion of alcohols was greatly suppressed over Ru/γ‐Al2O3. The former two catalysts (Ru/ZrO2 and Ru/TiO2) exhibited enhanced efficiency and long‐term stability (400 h) relative to Ru/SiO2 and Ru/Al2O3. N2‐physisorption, XRD and SEM showed that titania and zirconia exhibited high structural stability in an aqueous environment. However, the structures of γ‐alumina and silica were unstable due to significant drop in surface area and adverse changes in surface morphology. Especially for the case of the Ru/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst, the γ‐alumina was transformed into boehmite structure after reaction, and metal leaching and carbon deposition were extensive.

CONCLUSION: Ru/ZrO2 or Ru/TiO2 may be a promising alternative for degrading aqueous FT effluents due to their long‐term stability. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Time course study on the effects of iodinated contrast medium on intrarenal water transport function using diffusion‐weighted MRI
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhang Yudong , Yang Xuedong , Wang Xiaoying , Zhang Jue , Fang Jing , Jiang Xuexiang
Published: January 2012

Purpose:

To assess the effects of intravenous‐injected iodinated contrast medium (CM) on intrarenal water diffusion using noninvasive diffusion‐weighted MRI (DW‐MRI).

Materials and Methods:

Ten New Zealand White rabbits were randomized to receive a 6 mL/kg body weight intravenous injection of clinically used iopamidol‐370 (n = 7) or an equivalent amount of 0.9% physiological saline (n = 3). A sequential DW‐MRI was performed to estimate the intrarenal apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) at 24 h before and 1 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after administration.

Results:

Iopamidol produced a progressive ADC reduction in inner stripes of the renal outer medulla (IS) by 13.92% (P = 0.05) at 1 h, 17.52% (P = 0.02) at 24 h, 20.23% (P = 0.01) at 48 h and 16.31% (P = 0.04) at 72 h after injection. Cortical ADC was decreased by 14.14% (P = 0.01) at 48 h and 14.12% (P = 0.01) at 72 h after injection. Iopamidol produced slight decrease of ADCs in outer stripes of the outer medulla (OS) and inner medulla (IM) of kidney but without statistical difference. In control group, no significant ADC changes was observed in each anatomic compartment due to saline injection (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

As demonstrated by DW‐MRI, intravenous iopamidol injection resulted in a successive reduction of intrarenal water diffusion, particularly in IS of kidney. This MR technique may be used as a noninvasive tool to perform a time course study of the pathogenesis associated with contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN). J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:1139‐1144. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
T2‐weighted and diffusion‐weighted MRI for discriminating benign from malignant focal liver lesions: Diagnostic abilities of single versus combined interpretations
Authors: Haradome Hiroki , Grazioli Luigi , Morone Mario , Gambarini Sebastiana , Kwee Thomas C. , Takahara Taro , Colagrande Stefano
Published: January 2012

Purpose:

To compare the diagnostic accuracies of diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI), and the combination of both sequences in discriminating benign from malignant focal liver lesions (FLLs).

Materials and Methods:

In all, 166 patients with 269 FLLs (153 benign and 116 malignant) were retrospectively evaluated. Two abdominal readers visually assessed the DWI, T2WI, and the combined (DWI+T2WI) image sets in an independent and blinded manner. The diagnostic abilities of each image set in discriminating the benign from the malignant FLLs set were compared using a binary logistic regression model. Pathologic results, consensus reading, and follow‐up imaging were used as the reference standard.

Results:

The overall characterization accuracy in all lesions of the combined set (80.3%) was significantly higher than those of the T2WI set (68.8%) and DWI set (73.2%) (combined vs. T2WI, P < 0.001; combined vs. DWI, P = 0.001), while there was no significant difference between the T2WI and DWI sets (P = 0.058). All image sets were more accurate in the characterization of malignant FLLs than of benign FLLs (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

T2WI and DWI are complementary in discriminating benign from malignant FLLs; their combination improves diagnostic confidence. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:1388–1396. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals Inc.