bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validating the City Region Food System Approach: Enacting Inclusive, Transformational City Region Food Systems
Authors: Blay-Palmer Alison , Santini Guido , Dubbeling Marielle , Renting Henk , Taguchi Makiko , Giordano Thierry
Published: May 2018

This paper offers a critical assessment of the value and utility of the evolving City Region Food Systems (CRFS) approach to improve our insights into flows of resources—food, waste, people, and knowledge—from rural to peri-urban to urban and back again, and the policies and process needed to enable sustainability. This paper reflects on (1) CRFS merits compared to other approaches; (2) the operational potential of applying the CRFS approach to existing projects through case analysis; (3) how to make the CRFS approach more robust and ways to further operationalize the approach; and (4) the potential for the CRFS approach to address complex challenges including integrated governance, territorial development, metabolic flows, and climate change. The paper begins with the rationale for CRFS as both a conceptual framework and an integrative operational approach, as it helps to build increasingly coherent transformational food systems. CRFS is differentiated from existing approaches to understand the context and gaps in theory and practice. We then explore the strength of CRFS through the conceptual building blocks of ‘food systems’ and ‘city-regions’ as appropriate, or not, to address pressing complex challenges. As both a multi-stakeholder, sustainability-building approach and process, CRFS provides a collective voice for food actors across scales and could provide coherence across jurisdictions, policies, and scales, including the Milan Urban Food Policy Pact, the Sustainable Development Goals, the Habitat III New Urban Agenda, and the Conference of the Parties (COP) 21. CRFS responds directly to calls in the literature to provide a conceptual and practical framing for policy through wide engagement across sectors that enables the co-construction of a relevant policy frame that can be enacted through sufficiently integrated policies and programs that achieve increasingly sustainable food systems.
Is Peru Prepared for Large-Scale Sustainable Rural Electrification?
Authors: Feron Sarah , Cordero Raúl R.
Published: May 2018

Peru has historically been among the Latin-American countries with a low rural electrification rate. Aiming to improve this situation, the country conducted several electrification efforts in the last few decades that included off-grid photovoltaic (PV) solutions for remote areas (where the grid expansion was unviable). More recently, the government has also sponsored a ‘massive program’ that aims to deploy a minimum of 150,000 off-grid PV solutions in the upcoming years. In this paper, we assess the sustainability of rural electrification programs in Peru, paying special attention to the ongoing “massive program”. Our assessment considers four dimensions of sustainability (institutional, economic, environmental, and socio-cultural) and is based on an exhaustive qualitative document analysis complemented by semi-structured expert interviews. We found that the lack of strong formal institutions with a flexible and decentralized structure seriously compromises the sustainability of rural electrification efforts in Peru. Staff rotation and overlapping competences have caused disturbing changes and inhibited following a strategic line, while widespread outsourcing combined with weak controls have often affected the reliability of the deployed systems. Although cross subsidies have made off-grid PV systems affordable for users, systems often fell short of energy demand. Notably, we found that Peruvian officials appear to be unaware of the importance of local participation, and there is a significant mistrust between the government and the rural population (especially in areas where mining is extensive). As a consequence, most of the projects are still designed without the participation and engagement of the communities, which has frequently led to project failures, payment defaults, and inhibited seizing opportunities regarding productive uses of off-grid PV systems. We expect that our findings may help Peruvian institutions to address the most severe drawbacks affecting their rural electrification efforts based on off-grid PV systems.
Sustainability Indicators Past and Present: What Next?
Authors: Bell Simon , Morse Stephen
Published: May 2018

This paper discusses the current state of thought amongst the Sustainability Indicator (SI) community, what has been achieved and where we are succeeding and failing. Recent years have witnessed the rise of “alternative facts” and “fake news” and this paper discusses how SIs fit into this maelstrom, especially as they are themselves designed to encapsulate complexity into condensed signals and it has long been known that SIs can be selectively used to support polarized sides of a debate. This paper draws from chapters in a new edited volume, the “Routledge Handbook of Sustainability Indicators and Indices”, edited by the authors. The book has 34 chapters written by a total of 59 SI experts from a wide range of backgrounds, and attempts to provide a picture of the past and present, strengths and weaknesses of SI development today. This paper is an “analysis of those analyses”—a mindful reflection on reflection, and an assessment of the malign and benign forces at work in 2018 within the SI arena. Finally, we seek to identify where SIs may be going over the coming, unpredictable years.
Exploring the Dedicated Knowledge Base of a Transformation towards a Sustainable Bioeconomy
Authors: Urmetzer Sophie , Schlaile Michael P. , Bogner Kristina B. , Mueller Matthias , Pyka Andreas
Published: May 2018

The transformation towards a knowledge-based bioeconomy has the potential to serve as a contribution to a more sustainable future. Yet, until now, bioeconomy policies have been only insufficiently linked to concepts of sustainability transformations. This article aims to create such link by combining insights from innovation systems (IS) research and transformative sustainability science. For a knowledge-based bioeconomy to successfully contribute to sustainability transformations, the IS’ focus must be broadened beyond techno-economic knowledge. We propose to also include systems knowledge, normative knowledge, and transformative knowledge in research and policy frameworks for a sustainable knowledge-based bioeconomy (SKBBE). An exploration of the characteristics of this extended, “dedicated” knowledge will eventually aid policymakers in formulating more informed transformation strategies.
Melioidosis in South Asia (India, Nepal, Pakistan, Bhutan and Afghanistan)
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Chiranjay , Shaw Tushar , Varghese George M. , Dance David A. B.
Published: May 2018

Despite the fact that South Asia is predicted to have the highest number of cases worldwide, melioidosis is a little-known entity in South Asian countries. It has never been heard of by the majority of doctors and has as yet failed to gain the attention of national Ministries of Health and country offices of the World Health Organization (WHO). Although a few centers are diagnosing increasing numbers of cases, and the mortality documented from these institutions is relatively high (nearly 20%), the true burden of the disease remains unknown. In India, most cases have been reported from southwestern coastal Karnataka and northeastern Tamil Nadu, although this probably simply reflects the presence of centers of excellence and researchers with an interest in the disease. As elsewhere, the majority of cases have type 2 diabetes mellitus and occupational exposure to the environment. Most present with community-acquired pneumonia and/or bacteremia, especially during heavy rainfall. The high seropositivity rate (29%) in Karnataka and isolation of B. pseudomallei from the environment in Tamil Nadu and Kerala confirm India as melioidosis-endemic, although the full extent of the distribution of the organism across the country is unknown. There are limited molecular epidemiological data, but, thus far, the majority of Indian isolates have appeared distinct from those from South East Asia and Australia. Among other South Asian countries, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh are known to be melioidosis-endemic, but there are no cases that have conclusively proved to have been acquired in Nepal, Bhutan, Afghanistan or Pakistan. There are no surveillance systems in place for melioidosis in South Asian countries. However, over the past two years, researchers at the Center for Emerging and Tropical Diseases of Kasturba Medical College, University of Manipal, have established the Indian Melioidosis Research Forum (IMRF), held the first South Asian Melioidosis Congress, and have been working to connect researchers, microbiologists and physicians in India and elsewhere in South Asia to raise awareness through training initiatives, the media, workshops, and conferences, with the hope that more patients with melioidosis will be diagnosed and treated appropriately. However, much more work needs to be done before we will know the true burden and distribution of melioidosis across South Asia.
Immunisation Rates of Medical Students at a Tropical Queensland University
Authors: Fergus Erin , Speare Richard , Heal Clare
Published: May 2018

Although medical students are at risk of contracting and transmitting communicable diseases, previous studies have demonstrated sub-optimal medical student immunity. The objective of this research was to determine the documented immunity of medical students at James Cook University to important vaccine-preventable diseases. An anonymous online survey was administered thrice in 2014, using questions with categories of immunity to determine documented evidence of immunity, as well as closed-ended questions about attitudes towards the importance of vaccination. Of the 1158 medical students targeted via survey, 289 responses were included in the study (response rate 25%), of which 19 (6.6%) had documented evidence of immunity to all of the vaccine-preventable diseases surveyed. Proof of immunity was 38.4% for seasonal influenza, 47.1% for pertussis, 52.2% for measles, 38.8% for varicella, 43.7% for hepatitis A, and 95.1% for hepatitis B (the only mandatory vaccination for this population). The vast majority of students agreed on the importance of vaccination for personal protection (98.3%) and patient protection (95.9%). In conclusion, medical students have sub-optimal evidence of immunity to important vaccine-preventable diseases. Student attitudes regarding the importance of occupational vaccination are inconsistent with their level of immunity. The findings of this study were used to prompt health service and educational providers to consider their duty of care to manage the serious risks posed by occupational communicable diseases.
Lessons Learned in Developing a Commercial FIV Vaccine: The Immunity Required for an Effective HIV-1 Vaccine
Authors: Sahay Bikash , Yamamoto Janet K.
Published: May 2018

The feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) vaccine called Fel-O-Vax® FIV is the first commercial FIV vaccine released worldwide for the use in domestic cats against global FIV subtypes (A–E). This vaccine consists of inactivated dual-subtype (A plus D) FIV-infected cells, whereas its prototype vaccine consists of inactivated dual-subtype whole viruses. Both vaccines in experimental trials conferred moderate-to-substantial protection against heterologous strains from homologous and heterologous subtypes. Importantly, a recent case-control field study of Fel-O-Vax-vaccinated cats with outdoor access and ≥3 years of annual vaccine boost, resulted in a vaccine efficacy of 56% in Australia where subtype-A viruses prevail. Remarkably, this protection rate is far better than the protection rate of 31.2% observed in the best HIV-1 vaccine (RV144) trial. Current review describes the findings from the commercial and prototype vaccine trials and compares their immune correlates of protection. The studies described in this review demonstrate the overarching importance of ant-FIV T-cell immunity more than anti-FIV antibody immunity in affording protection. Thus, future efforts in developing the next generation FIV vaccine and the first effective HIV-1 vaccine should consider incorporating highly conserved protective T-cell epitopes together with the conserved protective B-cell epitopes, but without inducing adverse factors that eliminate efficacy.
Human Metapneumovirus Small Hydrophobic Protein Inhibits Interferon Induction in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells
Authors: Bao Xiaoyong , Kolli Deepthi , Esham Dana , Velayutham Thangam S. , Casola Antonella
Published: May 2018

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV), a leading cause of respiratory tract infections in infants, encodes a small hydrophobic (SH) protein of unknown function. Here we show that infection of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) with a recombinant virus lacking SH expression (rhMPV-ΔSH) enhanced the secretion of type I interferons (IFNs), which required TLR7 and MyD88 expression. HMPV SH protein inhibited TLR7/MyD88/TRAF6 signaling leading to IFN gene transcription, identifying a novel mechanism by which paramyxovirus SH proteins modulate innate immune responses.
Characteristics of Aggregate Size Distribution of Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron in Aqueous Suspensions and Its Effect on Transport Process in Porous Media
Authors: Duan Ruiqi , Dong Yanhui , Zhang Qian
Published: May 2018

Bare nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) particles in aqueous suspensions aggregate into micron to submicron sizes. The transport process of enlarged aggregates or multi-sized aggregates is different from that of nanoparticles. In this work, we performed aggregate size distribution analysis of NZVI suspension using a laser grain size analyzer and conducted a series of continuous injection column experiments with different injected NZVI concentrations. The results show that aggregates in NZVI suspensions range from submicron to submillimeter size and are mainly distributed around 5–9 μm and 50–100 μm. Quantitative calculation of iron transport and retention showed that the retained iron linearly correlates with injected concentration. The cross-section images revealed that clogging weakened from inlet to outlet. Furthermore, larger aggregates (>40 μm) appeared more often in the rising-declining stages of breakthrough curves, whereas small aggregates (<30 μm) dominated the steady stage. Indeed, relatively preferential flow facilitated the transport and discharge of both large and small iron aggregates. Straining of glass beads especially for the large iron aggregates resulted in a decline in breakthrough. Moreover, the blocking of attached and plugged iron prevented later retention of iron, resulting in a certain concentration of iron in the effluents. Our study provides greater insight into the transport of NZVI.
Peritoneal Dialysis for AKI in Cameroon: Commercial Vs Locally-Made Solutions
Authors: Palmer Dennis , Lawton William J. , Barrier Charles , Fine B.D. , Hemphill Hayden , Nyah Norah Ndi , Kinne Virginie , Ringnwi Njaprim Ivor , Yong Genevive , Neufeldt Amy L. , Mitterand Yves , Finkelstein Fredric O. , Krahn Thomas A.
Published: May 2018

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in low- and middle-income countries, and is associated with a high mortality. The high mortality rate is in large part due to the inability to perform dialysis in resource-limited settings. Due to significant cost advantages, peritoneal dialysis (PD) has been used to treat AKI in these settings. The costs, however, remain high when commercial solutions are used.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study of the outcome, and of the peritonitis rates, of patients with AKI treated with either commercially manufactured PD solutions or locally-made PD solutions. A program to treat AKI with PD was started at Mbingo Baptist Hospital in Cameroon. Between May 2013 and January 2015, solutions and connection sets were provided by the Saving Young Lives Program. From January 2015 through March 2017, solutions were locally produced and available tubing was used.

Results

Mortality in hospitalized AKI patients was 28% during the period when commercial solutions and tubing were utilized, and 33% when locally produced solutions and available tubing were utilized. In both groups, peritonitis occurred in 16% of treatment courses.

Conclusions

Locally produced PD solutions, used with locally available tubing, were used to treat AKI with PD. The mortality and peritonitis rates were similar whether locally produced or commercial supplies were used.
One hundred years of benzotropone chemistry
Authors: Dastan Arif , Kilic Haydar , Saracoglu Nurullah
Published: May 2018

This review focuses on the chemistry of benzo-annulated tropones and tropolones reported since the beginning of the 20th century, which are currently used as tools by the synthetic and biological communities.
Dark Galaxy Candidates at Redshift ∼3.5 Detected with MUSE*
Authors: Anna Marino Raffaella , Cantalupo Sebastiano , Lilly Simon J. , Gallego Sofia G. , Straka Lorrie A. , Borisova Elena , Pezzulli Gabriele , Bacon Roland , Brinchmann Jarle , Carollo C. Marcella , Caruana Joseph , Conseil Simon , Contini Thierry , Diener Catrina , Finley Hayley , Inami Hanae , Leclercq Floriane , Muzahid Sowgat , Richard Johan , Schaye Joop , Wendt Martin , Wisotzki Lutz
Published: May 2018

Recent theoretical models suggest that the early phase of galaxy formation could involve an epoch when galaxies are gas rich but inefficient at forming stars: a “dark galaxy” phase. Here, we report the results of our Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) survey for dark galaxies fluorescently illuminated by quasars at z > 3. Compared to previous studies which are based on deep narrowband (NB) imaging, our integral field survey provides a nearly uniform sensitivity coverage over a large volume in redshift space around the quasars as well as full spectral information at each location. Thanks to these unique features, we are able to build control samples at large redshift distances from the quasars using the same data taken under the same conditions. By comparing the rest-frame equivalent width (EW0) distributions of the Lyα sources detected in proximity to the quasars and in control samples, we detect a clear correlation between the locations of high-EW0 objects and the quasars. This correlation is not seen in other properties, such as Lyα luminosities or volume overdensities, suggesting the possible fluorescent nature of at least some of these objects. Among these, we find six sources without continuum counterparts and EW0 limits larger than 240 Å that are the best candidates for dark galaxies in our survey at z > 3.5. The volume densities and properties, including inferred gas masses and star formation efficiencies, of these dark galaxy candidates are similar to those of previously detected candidates at z ≈ 2.4 in NB surveys. Moreover, if the most distant of these are fluorescently illuminated by the quasar, our results also provide a lower limit of t = 60 Myr on the quasar lifetime.
The NANOGrav 11 Year Data Set: Pulsar-timing Constraints on the Stochastic Gravitational-wave Background
Authors: Arzoumanian Z. , Baker P. T. , Brazier A. , Burke-Spolaor S. , Chamberlin S. J. , Chatterjee S. , Christy B. , Cordes J. M. , Cornish N. J. , Crawford F. , Cromartie H. Thankful , Crowter K. , DeCesar M. , Demorest P. B. , Dolch T. , Ellis J. A. , Ferdman R. D. , Ferrara E. , Folkner W. M. , Fonseca E. , Garver-Daniels N. , Gentile P. A. , Haas R. , Hazboun J. S. , Huerta E. A. , Islo K. , Jones G. , Jones M. L. , Kaplan D. L. , Kaspi V. M. , Lam M. T. , Lazio T. J. W. , Levin L. , Lommen A. N. , Lorimer D. R. , Luo J. , Lynch R. S. , Madison D. R. , McLaughlin M. A. , McWilliams S. T. , Mingarelli C. M. F. , Ng C. , Nice D. J. , Park R. S. , Pennucci T. T. , Pol N. S. , Ransom S. M. , Ray P. S. , Rasskazov A. , Siemens X. , Simon J. , Spiewak R. , Stairs I. H. , Stinebring D. R. , Stovall K. , Swiggum J. , Taylor S. R. , Vallisneri M. , Haasteren R. van , Vigeland S. , Zhu W. W. ,   (The NANOGrav Collaboration)
Published: May 2018

We search for an isotropic stochastic gravitational-wave background (GWB) in the newly released 11 year data set from the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav). While we find no evidence for a GWB, we place constraints on a population of inspiraling supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries, a network of decaying cosmic strings, and a primordial GWB. For the first time, we find that the GWB constraints are sensitive to the solar system ephemeris (SSE) model used and that SSE errors can mimic a GWB signal. We developed an approach that bridges systematic SSE differences, producing the first pulsar-timing array (PTA) constraints that are robust against SSE errors. We thus place a 95% upper limit on the GW-strain amplitude of A
GWB < 1.45 × 10−15 at a frequency of f = 1 yr−1 for a fiducial f
−2/3 power-law spectrum and with interpulsar correlations modeled. This is a factor of ∼2 improvement over the NANOGrav nine-year limit calculated using the same procedure. Previous PTA upper limits on the GWB (as well as their astrophysical and cosmological interpretations) will need revision in light of SSE systematic errors. We use our constraints to characterize the combined influence on the GWB of the stellar mass density in galactic cores, the eccentricity of SMBH binaries, and SMBH–galactic-bulge scaling relationships. We constrain the cosmic-string tension using recent simulations, yielding an SSE-marginalized 95% upper limit of Gμ < 5.3 × 10−11—a factor of ∼2 better than the published NANOGrav nine-year constraints. Our SSE-marginalized 95% upper limit on the energy density of a primordial GWB (for a radiation-dominated post-inflation universe) is ΩGWB(f) h
2 < 3.4 × 10−10.
Dynamical Phase Transition in Neutron Stars
Authors: Prasad R. , Mallick Ritam
Published: May 2018

We have studied the dynamical evolution of the shock in a neutron star (NS). The conversion of nuclear to quark matter (QM) is assumed to take place at the shock discontinuity. The density and pressure discontinuity is studied both spatially and temporally as it starts near the center of the star and moves toward the surface. Polytropic equations of state (EoS), which mimic original nuclear and QM EoS, are used to study such dynamical phase transition (PT). Solving relativistic hydrodynamic equations for a spherically symmetric star, we study the PT, assuming a considerable density discontinuity near the center. We find that as the shock wave propagates outward, its intensity decreases with time; however, the shock velocity peaks up and reaches a value close to that of light. Such fast shock velocity indicates rapid PT in NS taking place on a timescale of some 10s of microseconds. Such a result is quite interesting, and it differs from previous calculations that the PT in NSs takes at least some 10s of milliseconds. Rapid PT can have significant observational significance, because such fast PT would imply rather strong gravitational wave (GW) signals that are rather short lived. Such short-lived GW signals would be accompanied with short-lived gamma-ray bursts and neutrino signals originating from the neutrino and gamma-ray generation from the PT of nuclear matter to QM.
Dust Attenuation, Bulge Formation, and Inside-out Quenching of Star Formation in Star-forming Main Sequence Galaxies at z ∼ 2*
Authors: Tacchella S. , Carollo C. M. , Schreiber N. M. Förster , Renzini A. , Dekel A. , Genzel R. , Lang P. , Lilly S. J. , Mancini C. , Onodera M. , Tacconi L. J. , Wuyts S. , Zamorani G.
Published: May 2018

We derive 2D dust attenuation maps at ∼1 kpc resolution from the UV continuum for 10 galaxies on the z ∼ 2 star-forming main sequence (SFMS). Comparison with IR data shows that 9 out of 10 galaxies do not require further obscuration in addition to the UV-based correction, though our sample does not include the most heavily obscured, massive galaxies. The individual rest-frame V-band dust attenuation (A
V) radial profiles scatter around an average profile that gently decreases from ∼1.8 mag in the center down to ∼0.6 mag at ∼3–4 half-mass radii. We use these maps to correct UV- and Hα-based star formation rates (SFRs), which agree with each other. At masses

, the dust-corrected specific SFR (sSFR) profiles are on average radially constant at a mass-doubling timescale of ∼300 Myr, pointing at a synchronous growth of bulge and disk components. At masses

, the sSFR profiles are typically centrally suppressed by a factor of ∼10 relative to the galaxy outskirts. With total central obscuration disfavored, this indicates that at least a fraction of massive z ∼ 2 SFMS galaxies have started their inside-out star formation quenching that will move them to the quenched sequence. In combination with other observations, galaxies above and below the ridge of the SFMS relation have, respectively, centrally enhanced and centrally suppressed sSFRs relative to their outskirts, supporting a picture where bulges are built owing to gas “compaction” that leads to a high central SFR as galaxies move toward the upper envelope of the SFMS.
The Evolution of Massive Close Binaries: Anomalous Relationship between Nitrogen Abundances and Rotational Velocities
Authors: Song Hanfeng , Wang Jiangtao , Song Fen , Zhang Ruiyu , Li Zhi , Peng Weiguo , Zhan Qiong , Jing Jianghong
Published: May 2018

The combined effects of rotation and mass accretion on the evolution of binary systems are investigated in this work. Rotational binaries provide us with a promising channel that could explain the abnormal phenomenon of the nitrogen abundances in Groups 1 and 2 of the Galactic Hunter diagram. Group 1 contains fast-rotating but nitrogen-unenriched stars, whereas Group 2 includes apparently slowly rotating but nitrogen-enhanced stars. The donor star suffers from heavy mass loss that progressively exposes deep layers of nitrogen and corresponding angular momentum loss that can efficiently spin the star down. Rapid-rotation stars without nitrogen enrichment may be related to mass gainers that had accreted little matter from a close companion and then been spun up to rapid rotation. Nitrogen enrichment of mass gainers can be greatly suppressed by low accreting efficiency, which is induced by critical rotation, thermohaline mixing, and the gradient of mean molecular weight. Nitrogen enrichment due to mass accretion appears to be more efficient than that due to rotational mixing, because there exist thermohaline instabilities during Roche lobe overflow. The mixing in the enlarged convective core reduces carbon and nitrogen abundances but increases oxygen abundances in mass gainers. This process significantly triggers CNO cycling but does not support CN cycling. The orbital separation can be widened because of the nonconservative mass transfer, and this process gives rise to weak tidal torques. Therefore, invoking binaries has the potential to simultaneously explain the observed stars in Groups 1 and 2 of the Galactic Hunter diagram.
Measuring the Local ISM along the Sight Lines of the Two Voyager Spacecraft with HST/STIS
Authors: Zachary Julia , Redfield Seth , Linsky Jeffrey L. , Wood Brian E.
Published: May 2018

In 2012 August, Voyager 1 crossed the heliopause, becoming the first human-made object to exit the solar system. This milestone signifies the beginning of an important new era for local interstellar medium (LISM) exploration. We present measurements of the structure and composition of the LISM in the immediate path of the Voyager spacecraft by using high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope (HST) spectra of nearby stars that lie along the same lines of sight. We provide a comprehensive inventory of LISM absorption in the near-ultraviolet (2600–2800 Å) and far-ultraviolet (1200–1500 Å). The LISM absorption profiles are used to make comparisons between each pair of closely spaced (<15°) sight lines. With fits to several absorption lines, we make measurements of the physical properties of the LISM. We estimate electron density along the Voyager 2 sight line, and our values are consistent with recent measurements by Voyager 1. Excess absorption in the H i Lyα line displays the presence of both the heliosphere and an astrosphere around GJ 780. This is only the 14th detection of an astrosphere, and the large mass-loss rate (

) is consistent with other subgiant stars. The heliospheric absorption matches the predicted strength for a sight line 58° from the upwind direction. As both HST and Voyager reach the end of their lifetimes, we have the opportunity to synthesize their respective observations, combining in situ measurements with the shortest possible line-of-sight measurements to study the Galactic ISM surrounding the Sun.
Principle of Minimum Energy in Magnetic Reconnection in a Self-organized Critical Model for Solar Flares
Authors: Farhang Nastaran , Safari Hossein , Wheatland Michael S.
Published: May 2018

Solar flares are an abrupt release of magnetic energy in the Sun’s atmosphere due to reconnection of the coronal magnetic field. This occurs in response to turbulent flows at the photosphere that twist the coronal field. Similar to earthquakes, solar flares represent the behavior of a complex system, and expectedly their energy distribution follows a power law. We present a statistical model based on the principle of minimum energy in a coronal loop undergoing magnetic reconnection, which is described as an avalanche process. We show that the distribution of peaks for the flaring events in this self-organized critical system is scale-free. The obtained power-law index of 1.84 ± 0.02 for the peaks is in good agreement with satellite observations of soft X-ray flares. The principle of minimum energy can be applied for general avalanche models to describe many other phenomena.
Escapes of non-native fish from flooded aquaculture facilities: the case of Paranapanema River, southern Brazil
Authors: Casimiro Armando César Rodrigues , Garcia Diego Azevedo Zoccal , Vidotto-Magnoni Ana Paula , Britton John Robert , Agostinho Angelo Antonio , De Almeida Fernanda Simões , Orsi Mario Luis
Published: May 2018

Non-native species are a major driver of biodiversity loss. Aquaculture activities play a key role in introductions, including the escape of fishes from fish farm facilities. Here, the impact of flooding due to El Niño rains in 2015/2016 in the Lower and Middle Paranapanema River basin, southern Brazil, was investigated by evaluating fish escapes from 12 fish farms. The flooding resulted in the escape of approximately 1.14 million fishes into the river, encompassing 21 species and three hybrids. Non-native species were the most abundant escapees, especially Oreochromisniloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Coptodonrendalli (Boulenger, 1897) (96% of all fish). Only seven native fishes were in the escapee fauna, comprising 1% of all fish. Large floods, coupled with inadequate biosecurity, thus resulted in considerable inputs of non-native fish into this already invaded system.
L’équilibre instable du silence. Une anthropologie des possibles
Authors: Aithamon Marielle
Published: May 2018

Nos sociétés contemporaines vivent au rythme de la modernité bruyante d’un monde globalisé, qui associe le silence à la panne, au secret, à des horreurs telles que le langage échoue à les décrire. En quête d’une transparence absolue et de vérités dont l’évidence rassure, ce sont des sociétés où il est nécessaire de parler non pas pour vivre, mais pour exister. Ainsi, là où la rhétorique est condition sine qua none de l’existence sociale, le silence met en doute. En déplaçant les seuils de perception, en suspendant les significations pour interroger notre présence au monde, le silence révèle ce que nous n’entendons pas et souligne l’équilibre instable d’une réalité dont nous ne percevons qu’une image. Figure d’un irréalisme en apparence peu à propos dans des sociétés où il convient de trouver des raisons et d’expliquer des faits, le silence produit un écart, c’est-à-dire la possibilité d’un autrement . Historiquement et culturellement constitué, il est une dialectique de l’expérience soulevant la question du devenir humain.
Freud et « l’esprit de son époque » !
Authors: Vidal Jean-Pierre
Published: May 2018

La crise qui affecte la crédibilité de la psychanalyse ne peut manquer de provoquer une interrogation sur l’avenir de celle-ci. Question qui interroge l’histoire et le contexte de son invention. Cette histoire n’est pas dissociable du contexte social, politique et culturel d’un territoire et singulièrement de « l’esprit d’une époque » qui rapproche la nouveauté qu’elle introduit avec ce qui se passe dans la même aire géographique, en musique, peinture, littérature, architecture… Mais l’invention de la psychanalyse est à rapprocher plus fondamentalement de la révolution scientifique qui inaugure le xx e siècle, elle-même subordonnée à une mutation dans l’ordre de la pensée classique qui bouleverse à partir d’un nouveau paradigme les conditions et les modalités de la connaissance. C’est à ce nouveau regard sur le monde qu’appartient la psychanalyse. C’est à une autre lecture de la psychanalyse que nous sommes invités.
Dire pour taire et faire taire. L’empêchement de penser et le cryptôme
Authors: Diet Emmanuel
Published: May 2018

Dans le contexte du capitalisme et du puritanisme paradoxants, au moment où coexistent libération de la parole, bavardage médiatique et normalisation idéologique, il apparaît important d’analyser les processus par lesquels l’imposition ou le rejet des mots pour dire produit l’empêchement de penser et le silence prescrit comme successeurs des interdits et censures passés. Dans ce registre, l’ordre numérique structure et mutile le discours et la pensée et les logiques du politiquement correct imposent de les passer sous silence, tandis que s’imposent des leurres (les cryptômes) qui en détournant de l’essentiel, permettent de taire et faire taire.
Le silence indigène dans l’espace biomédical : pratiques de (des)obéissance et autonomie
Authors: Carreño Calderón Alejandra
Published: May 2018

La société andine a été historiquement représentée comme une population possédée par ses propres émotions : violents, obstinés, menteurs, résistants et, surtout, silencieux. À partir d’une investigation ethnographique et d’une analyse des dossiers cliniques des centres psychiatriques des villes qui concentrent le gros de l’immigration aymara au Chili, ma recherche montre comment le stéréotype racial du silence indien s’installe au cœur du système biomédical de santé. Lors de l’élaboration des diagnostics psychiatriques ou des activités de promotion de la santé interculturelle, des thérapeutes et des représentants de l’État font face à ce qui pour eux serait un mur de passivité dans le comportement ces groupes. Cet article est une réflexion sur la manière dont les Aymaras du nord du Chili, malgré la discrimination raciale que cela entraîne, font usage du silence comme une pratique de résistance qui leur permet de déstabiliser la démocratie culturelle proposée par l’État, et de défendre la gestion autonome de leur corps, leur santé et leurs maladies.
Le silence des Orixás
Authors: Schlesinger Ella
Published: May 2018

Le silence, souvent considéré comme l’ennemi du bruit, cache ce que le vacarme cherche à révéler. Ce travail tente de montrer les diverses modalités de silence et de bruit telles qu’elles se révèlent dans trois cadres particuliers destinés aux transformations du sujet en procédant à son isolement. Nous montrerons comment certaines théories du soin font l’éloge du silence pour révéler le sujet et comment d’autres, au contraire, utilisent le bruit, le vacarme pour faire silence. Cette réflexion se réalise dans des allées et venues entre la France et le Brésil, l’hôpital psychiatrique et le candomblé , la chambre d’isolement et la camarinha , la psychologie et l’anthropologie.
Rompre le silence : observations sur le processus de séparation-individuation dans un groupe thérapeutique d’enfants
Authors: Maurin Souvignet Aurélie , Prompsy Maïalen
Published: May 2018

Cet article aura pour objet de dessiner les contours d’un groupe thérapeutique d’enfants âgés de neuf ans, afin de faciliter le repérage d’un moment fondateur de celui-ci. Ce moment s’articule à une succession de séparations et à plusieurs passages à l’acte pris dans le quotidien de ce groupe, tissant au fil des séances son histoire singulière et se muant progressivement en actes de passage . En particulier, nous proposerons une observation du processus de séparation-individuation au travers du passage à l’acte de parole de deux enfants silencieux membres de ce groupe.
Du don d’ovocytes à la gestation pour autrui : réflexion sur le paradoxe du lien
Authors: Rambeaud-Collin Delphine , Bourdet-Loubère Sylvie , Raynaud Jean-Philippe
Published: May 2018

Les modalités contemporaines du « faire famille », conséquentes aux progrès de la médecine procréative, viennent questionner la filiation dans ses dimensions juridiques et psychiques. Cette revue de littérature a pour but de questionner le paradoxe du lien maternel induit par les grossesses obtenues par don d’ovocytes et par gpa , lien respectivement fondé soit sur la réalité de l’événement « accouchement », soit sur une réalité biologique par la transmission du patrimoine génétique. Si, d’un point de vue juridique, il est question de statuer sur la prévalence de l’une sur l’autre, la posture clinique nous amène à penser l’appropriation subjective de ce lien tant chez la devenant-mère que chez les enfants.
Procréation par don de gamètes : les scénarios fantasmatiques des parents et la construction psychique de l’enfant
Authors: Squires Claire
Published: May 2018

Au moment où le Comité consultatif national d’éthique s’est prononcé en juin 2017 en faveur de l’ouverture des dons des spermatozoïdes aux femmes en couple et aux femmes seules, les principes de gratuité et d’anonymat qui ont prévalu dans les banques de gamètes sont débattus. L’assistance à la procréation pour des raisons d’infertilité, jusque-là seule autorisée, répondrait dès lors à des raisons sociétales. L’article aborde, dans ce contexte, la façon dont les donneurs et les couples en attente de don sont accueillis actuellement au cecos de Cochin. L’impossibilité d’enfanter « naturellement » est difficile à vivre. En cas de don hétérologue (avec donneur), les couples doivent surmonter la rupture partielle du lien biologique avec l’enfant, ce qui bouleverse les repères des filiations imaginaire et symbolique. Les couples sont accompagnés dans les étapes de ces procréations électives afin de pouvoir appréhender les enjeux psychiques de ces nouveaux scénarios de la parentalité.
La dynamique familiale des couples en attente de procréation par iad
Authors: Durif-Varembont Jean-Pierre , Guérin Jean-François , Mercader Patricia , Dumet Nathalie , Perret Zohra , de Souza André Luiz
Published: May 2018

L’insémination avec donneur met en jeu une dynamique familiale au-delà de celle du couple confronté à la stérilité de l’homme. Dans une perspective de recherche clinique compréhensive ont été recueillis, sous forme d’entretiens semi-directifs, les témoignages de chacun des membres de 24 couples en attente d’ iad dans un cecos . L’objectif principal de cette recherche, conduite conjointement par des psychologues et des médecins, était de mettre en évidence le vécu psychique et le type de liens croisés entre l’homme et la femme dans chaque couple (donneur vs receveur). Les éléments significatifs de la dynamique familiale sont repérés à travers quelques grands thèmes apparus avec l’analyse de contenu des entretiens : la géométrie variable de la révélation à la famille de la démarche d’ iad , les destins du contrat narcissique au risque de la rupture de la descendance, la prévalence de la composante narcissique de la filiation. La variabilité même des situations rapportées montre bien que l’ iad n’est pas qu’un problème de couple, mais est aussi une affaire de famille.
L’étude du contretransfert : une relance de la pensée face aux dyades traumatisées
Authors: Laroche-Joubert Mathilde , Feldman Marion , Moro Marie Rose
Published: May 2018

Le travail d’analyse et d’élaboration du contretransfert des soignants est au cœur de la relation de soin. Dans le cadre de la prise en charge des patients traumatisés, le thérapeute est confronté à des vécus internalisés spécifiques résultant d’expériences traumatiques subies dont la réalité doit être reconnue par les soignants afin de ne pas risquer une sidération de leur pensée. De plus en plus de dispositifs de groupe sont proposés, groupes de patients mais également groupes de soignants. Cette recherche s’intéresse aux manifestations contretransférentielles émergeant en groupe chez des thérapeutes face à une dyade mère-bébé ayant vécu des événements de vie traumatiques. Ces manifestations sont étudiées à partir de la mise place d’un dispositif de recherche dans différents lieux de soin : le focus group . Une illustration de celui-ci est proposée, il met en valeur la créativité d’un cadre groupal pour une clinique du traumatisme psychique et de la périnatalité.
Les solidarités familiales sous l’angle du travail : un siècle au Québec
Authors: Kempeneers Marianne , Van Pevenage Isabelle , Dandurand Renée B.
Published: May 2018

Les femmes sont le pivot des solidarités familiales, c’est un fait solidement documenté. Malgré cette évidence empirique, les solidarités familiales n’occupent qu’une place fort discrète dans l’univers théorique des rapports sociaux de sexe, contrairement par exemple au travail domestique ou, plus récemment, au travail du care . Les auteures s’interrogent ici sur cet état de fait. Elles proposent ensuite une lecture des solidarités familiales avec, pour ancrage, le paradigme fondateur que constitua la refonte du concept de travail par les courants féministes matérialistes. Adoptant une perspective historique et macrosociologique, cet article est l’occasion de prendre du recul face à un certain nombre de résultats issus d’une vaste enquête que les auteures avaient menée en 2004 sur les transformations des solidarités familiales au Québec au long du XX e  siècle. La profondeur historique de cette enquête fait en sorte que ces données, bien que recueillies en 2004, restent pertinentes pour leur propos, à savoir jeter un éclairage sur les logiques reliant les évolutions concomitantes des solidarités familiales, du travail des femmes et des politiques publiques au Québec durant ce siècle crucial de son histoire.
Vivre dans une communauté de religieuses. Des solidarités revisitées à l’aune de la vieillesse
Authors: Anchisi Annick , Amiotte-Suchet Laurent
Published: May 2018

Cet article se propose d’interroger les solidarités familiales à l’aune du vieillissement des congrégations religieuses féminines. Il est issu d’une enquête ethnographique sur la transformation de parties de couvents en maisons de retraite médicalisées gérées par un personnel laïc. Les résultats nous donnent l’occasion d’aborder les tensions qui prévalent entre l’autorité de l’Église et les figures fondatrices des congrégations ; entre les hiérarchies internes au couvent et les trajectoires hors norme des religieuses ; entre le profil de religieuse et celui de résidente âgée en maison de retraite. Pour chaque niveau, l’analyse permet de remettre en question les représentations, généralement défavorables, que l’on peut avoir des religieuses. C’est le cas aussi des professionnelles des soins en charge des résidentes, qui considèrent les engagements de ces dernières uniquement comme le résultat de diverses soumissions. Aussi, le savoir-faire et la réappropriation du pouvoir par les religieuses dans le but d’agir pour leur famille congrégationnelle ne sont pas compris comme pouvant servir de leviers aux causes féministes.
« L’éternel potage » qu’on nous ressert à chaque fois. Représentation et négociation des normes d’entraide familiale dans la pensée féministe d’Iris von Roten
Authors: Logoz Camille
Published: May 2018

Dans son essai Frauen im Laufgitter (Berne, 1958), Iris von Roten expose les conditions de vie de ses contemporaines suisses et envisage les possibilités d’amélioration de leur situation. Sa réflexion porte sur l’assignation unilatérale des tâches d’organisation et d’entretien du foyer, qui fait du travail domestique un travail féminin, occulté et gratuit. Cet article reprend et commente l’étude d’Iris von Roten en trois temps : en considérant, d’abord, l’analyse de von Roten à propos du système de légitimation des pratiques genrées de prise en charge du travail domestique, puis en examinant ses suggestions pour la réduction et une répartition plus égalitaire des tâches et, finalement, en décrivant les propositions de von Roten pour un changement radical entraînant une solidarité non plus strictement familiale, mais bien féministe et collective, susceptible de modifier durablement la place des femmes dans la société et le droit de la famille.
Utility as Economic Meaning
Authors: Meinard Yves , Gharbi Jean-Sébastien
Published: May 2018

Le concept d’utilité a joué un rôle majeur dans l’histoire de la pensée économique et il demeure central dans l’analyse économique contemporaine. Mais quelle est la signification de l’utilité ? Nous mobilisons la littérature philosophique pour apporter une réponse à cette question. En nous basant sur les approches philosophiques de la signification, nous proposons une définition générale de la signification. Selon cette définition, toute explication d’un acte qui est susceptible d’être acceptée par l’agent accomplissant cet acte peut être appelée « signification ». Nous soutenons que le concept d’utilité fournit une conception économique de la signification. Cette idée comporte deux aspects importants. Premièrement, elle pointe le fait que l’utilité satisfait notre définition de la signification dans la mesure où les axiomes de la théorie du choix peuvent être compris par les agents. Deuxièmement, de façon plus spécifique, cette idée permet de définir un critère pour juger si des cas particuliers de représentation en termes d’utilité ont une signification. La principale conséquence théorique de cette approche est que, lorsqu’une représentation de l’utilité satisfait les exigences pour être appelée « signification », l’utilisation des axiomes de la théorie du choix est justifiée, ce qui ne laisse pas d’avoir des implications pour l’économie appliquée.
Decisions on Public Projects with Negative Externalities: Veil of Ignorance or Impartial Spectator?
Authors: Colombo Camilla , Gaertner Wulf
Published: May 2018

De nombreux projets publics sont accueillis favorablement par une population parce qu’il est escompté qu’ils seront bénéfiques pour l’ensemble de la société. Cependant, ces projets peuvent également entrainer d’importantes externalités négatives pour certains individus ou groupes d’individus. La construction d’une centrale nucléaire constitue un exemple représentatif : bien qu’il soit souvent considéré qu’un tel projet renforce l’indépendance énergétique d’un pays, il peut également engendrer un sentiment d’insécurité chez les individus habitant à proximité de la centrale. De plus, il peut également avoir des conséquences économiques néfastes, telles que la chute des prix des terrains et des habitations. Sur la base de quels critères la décision concernant de tels projets publics doit-elle être prise ? En supposant que les bénéfices pour les individus affectés directement ou indirectement sont également répartis, on propose un mécanisme de partage des coûts basé sur une pondération des différences entre les performances économiques de chaque région/zone et la performance moyenne de l’ensemble des régions/zones. La pondération est obtenue par le biais du recours à un observateur impartial.