bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of point-of-care testing haemoglobin concentration methods with automated haematology analyser amongst blood donors
Authors: Sasidharan Athira , Bhaskaran Ramesh , Baiju Nithya M. , Rafi Aboobacker Mohamed , Innah Susheela J.
Published: April 2024

Background:

In terms of rapidness, testing methodology and sensitivity, point-of-care (POC) testing devices provide quality in haemoglobin (Hb) check for safe donation of blood.

Methods:

This was a prospective observational study in a tertiary care centre. Capillary finger-prick samples obtained from 100 blood donors were analysed prior to donation using reagent-free cuvettes (DiaSpect Tm), digital haemoglobinometer (True Hb) and Hb photometer (HemoCue 301). Venous samples were drawn for analysis on haematology analyser. Donors were accepted based on copper sulphate method acceptance criteria. The performance of the devices was evaluated considering automated haematology analyser (Sysmex XN 1000) as the gold standard.

Results:

The mean Hb value using Sysmex XN 1000, HemoCue 301, DiaSpect Tm and True Hb were 14.8 ± 1.1 g/dL, 15.4 ± 1.8 g/dL, 15.3 ± 1.8 g/dL and 18.6 ± 2.8 g/dL, respectively. The sensitivity of True Hb, DiaSpect Tm, HemoCue 301 and copper sulphate method were 96.8%, 96.8%, 3.7% and 98.9%, respectively. DiaSpect Tm had a specificity of 60% whereas specificity of True Hb and copper sulphate method were 20% each. True Hb, HemoCue 301, DiaSpect Tm and copper sulphate had a positive predictive value of 95.8%, 94.7%, 97.9% and 95.9% and accuracy of 93%, 89%, 95% and 95%, respectively. The mean turnaround time was 1 sec for DiaSpect Tm whereas 35.3 sec and 2.6 sec for True Hb and HemoCue 301, respectively. The copper sulphate test provided the highest rate of donor’s acceptance, despite unacceptable Hb levels.

Conclusions:

DiaSpect Tm has the advantage of rapid turnaround time, high specificity and accuracy when compared to gold standard method.
Depression and hyponatraemia unmasking hypopituitarism
Authors: Sonali Nethagani Sankya , Abhilash Naini , Sree Aakula Suguna , Modugu Nageswara Rao , Shetty Mallikarjuna
Published: April 2024

Hyponatraemia is a common clinical problem encountered in clinical practice and has multifactorial aetiology. The presentation of hyponatremia due to hypopituitarism secondary to pituitary apoplexy is rarely seen and sometimes missed. We report the case of a 34-year-old male with a history of reduced social interaction, decreased sexual drive, fatigue, vomiting, hiccoughs and presented to the hospital with altered sensorium. Laboratory testing revealed hyponatraemia (107 mEq/L); there was reduced serum cortisol (8 AM), decrease in serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (8 AM) and pituitary hormone assay suggestive of hypopituitarism. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain with dynamic pituitary contrast suggestive of pitutary apoplexy. The patient was managed with 3% sodium chloride infusion, hydrocortisone and thyroid supplementation.
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis presenting with rare extra-articular manifestations: A report of two cases
Authors: Nabeel  , Mohan Alladi , Vaddera Sameeraja , Kommireddy Sirisha , Velam Vanajakshamma
Published: April 2024

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), a common rheumatic disease of childhood, is a consolidated term used for all chronic childhood arthritis affecting joints and extra-articular structures. Involvement of skin and internal organs such as liver, spleen, intestine, peritoneum, pleura, pericardium and myocardium will cause systemic symptoms leading to disability and mortality. Despite advanced treatment options, significant morbidity still occurs due to an unpredictable clinical course and risk of joint restriction. We describe polyarticular rheumatoid factor-negative JIA with extra-articular manifestations involving pericardium causing chronic constrictive pericarditis in a 16-year-old girl and her sibling a 13-year-old boy. The female patient developed cardiac cirrhosis, portal hypertension and oesophageal varices. Screening evaluation of this patient’s asymptomatic sibling with similar articular manifestations revealed the rare occurrence of chronic constrictive pericarditis without symptoms. Both were treated with pericardiectomy and were relieved of symptoms. Two patients of JIA from the same family presenting with constrictive pericarditis is a rare association.
Impact of the rapidly expanding mobile phone industry on health
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh
Published: April 2024

Mobile phones have become an integral element of the telecommunication, and a rapid upsurge has been observed in the global market. Mobile phones and the associated radiofrequency have already become an important cause of concern for the masses and the stakeholders as the released radiofrequencies have been categorised as carcinogenic. Owing to the large number of consumers, and the carcinogenic nature of the electromagnetic field produced by them, it is quite necessary to explore, analyse and monitor any health consequences. At the same time, it will be wrong to consider only harmful aspects of the mobile phones, as they have revolutionised healthcare and provided a quite effective option for the policymakers. To conclude, there is no doubt that mobile phone usage has increased and it will be further increasing in the coming years. Even though the use of mobile phones has been linked with multiple merits in the field of healthcare, we must carefully weigh the involved risks and thus take a wise and rational call to limit the extent of derangements.
Awareness and Attitude of Oral Biopsy among Dental Practitioners in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Almeslet Asmaa Saleh
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The role of dental practitioners is crucial in diagnosing oral conditions or lesions.

Objectives:

To evaluate the awareness and attitude of oral biopsy among the sample dental practitioners in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia.

Methods:

A survey among 369 dental practitioners assessed their knowledge of oral biopsy using a structured questionnaire, with descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests applied.

Results:

31.7% of dental practitioners called specialists for an oral biopsy, with 41.7% citing a lack of experience or skill. Most (40.9%) did not perform biopsies, using incisional methods.

Conclusion:

Dental practitioners showed knowledge of oral lesions requiring biopsies, but lacked the necessary skills and expertise, leading to referrals to higher centers or specialists.
Effect of Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin and Concentrated Growth Factor on Tissues Around Implants in the Maxillary Anterior Region
Authors: Shrivastava Ratika , Ladda Rashmi , Patadiya Mohd. Mohsin M. , Gautam Jannat , Gupta Shekhar , Jadhav Manish Shivaji , Makkad Ramanpal S.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim:

Tissue repair surrounding implants is essential for the cosmetic maxillary anterior zone to respond favorably to implant therapy. Grafting platelets from an individual’s blood was developed to overcome the esthetic requirements and speed up healing. Advanced platelet-rich fibrin (APRF) and concentrated growth factor (CGF) are used for good healing. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of APRF and CGF on healing of tissues around dental implants in the anterior region of the maxilla.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 60 patients who underwent dental implant placement procedures were included in this study. They were divided into two categories: category 1 consisted of patients who underwent dental implant placement procedures without APRF and CGF (n = 30) and category 2 consisted of patients who underwent dental implant placement procedures with APRF and CGF (n = 30). Assessment of alveolar bone height and bone density was conducted using CBCT at baseline and second, fourth, and sixth month postoperatively.

Results:

The alveolar height and alveolar bone density in APRF group and CGF group patients was greater compared to control group patients at all follow-ups.

Conclusion:

APRF and CGF have a positive effect on the tissues around dental implants, promoting faster and better tissue healing around dental implants.
Recent Trends in Seroprevalence of Celiac Disease at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Punia Parul , Bala Kiran , Nandi Ankita , Mittal Seema , Griwan Aditya , Parmar Aparna , Kumar Davender
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

It is a retrospective study and all samples received in the laboratory from symptomatic patients for estimation of Immunoglobulin A (IgA) antitissue transglutaminase (IgA anti-tTGA) antibodies are included. Seroprevalence of celiac disease was determined using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IgA anti-tTGA. Out of 8787 serum samples received in the laboratory over a period of four years, the seroprevalence of CD was 2.1, 1.62, 0.72, and 3.3%, respectively.
An Analysis of Relation Among Three Levels of Ala–Tragus Line and Natural Occlusal Plane in Young Dentulous Subjects – A Cross-sectional Photographic Study
Authors: Gosai Khyati N. , Patel Ina B. , Poonia Pooja , Jadav Dhvani P. , Patel Nirali D , Sanghani Prakruti H
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Occlusal plane determination plays an evident role in successful rehabilitation of completely edentulous patients. The most commonly used method is by using Camper’s plane. But the posterior reference point of Camper’s plane is debatable according to available literature. The aim of this study was to determine the most reliable posterior reference point for Camper’s plane. A cross-sectional study was conducted, in which 60 dentulous subjects with age ranging from 18 to 25 years were selected according to the inclusion criteria. The Fox plane was inserted and lateral photographs were taken. A screen protractor was used to measure the angle between the occlusal plane and three ala–tragus lines. All three ala–tragus lines had the inferior border of ala of the nose as the anterior point of reference and for posterior reference, they used superior, middle, or inferior point of the tragus. The ala–tragus line using the inferior point of the tragus had the least mean angle with the occlusal plane. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test obtained a P-value of < 0.0001, and therefore, a statistically significant difference was present among all three lines. Also, post hoc Tukey’s honestly significant difference test for intergroup comparison of difference in angle among three different lines with the occlusal plane showed a significant P-value on comparing all three groups between each other. The ala–tragus line formed using the inferior point of the tragus was most parallel to the occlusal plane in dentate patients. Therefore, the inferior point of the tragus should be used for Camper’s plane.
Factors Influencing Open-air Defecation in Tribal Villages of Dhamni and Dhodani in Raigad District of Maharashtra: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Tawde Ashlesha , Kulkarni Noopur
Published: April 2024

Background and Objectives:

The burden of poor sanitation, particularly in India, is exacerbated by challenges in infrastructure and education. Previous studies reveal unsatisfactory sanitary conditions, the association between low standard of living and open defecation, the need for collective effort, the positive impact of improved sanitation on child height, and factors hindering latrine adoption. This study aimed to identify factors influencing open-air defecation in tribal villages of Dhamni and Dhodani in the Raigad district of Maharashtra, India.

Subjects and Methods:

Data were collected through a door-to-door survey using a pretested questionnaire from December 2019 to February 2020, covering sociodemographic information, personal and family history, and environmental factors. Out of 130 willing participants, 112 were included in the final analysis. Descriptive statistics, including percentages, means, and standard deviations, were used to analyze the data. The Chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables.

Results:

The study found that a significant majority of the subjects (75%) engaged in open field defecation (OFD), whereas a smaller proportion used household latrines (25%). Among those practicing OFD, a considerable portion (46%) defecated in agricultural fields, and a notable percentage (27%) preferred defecating near water sources.

Conclusion:

The study revealed unsatisfactory sanitary conditions in the research area. It was observed that rural areas with higher levels of literacy exhibited a lower prevalence of OFD and higher rates of sanitary latrine utilization.
The Psychological Impact of the Pandemic on Primary Health-care Providers: Perspectives from a Primary Care Clinic
Authors: Lintz Joe
Published: April 2024

Objectives:

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to be an issue worldwide, the foregoing phenomena are especially problematic for those in community health and rural clinics with limited funding available; such providers markedly reported that the pandemic negatively impacted their quality of life (QOL). Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on primary health-care providers at a primary care clinic. In addition, the research gathered information about respondents’ characteristics vis-à-vis the work-related psychological impact among providers.

Subjects and Methods:

A self-administered questionnaire was mailed to 62 primary health-care providers at a Primary Care Clinic in North Texas, with a 69% response rate (n = 43). In addition to descriptive statistics, multiple logistic regression was conducted to determine characteristics related to the presence of work-related psychological impact among providers.

Results:

Results revealed that the main psychological manifestations perceived by providers were work-related stress (77%), depression (51%), and anxiety (40%). In addition, the results showed that those subspecialists and chiropractors were less likely to report that the pandemic negatively impacted their QOL because they have previous exposure to similar traumatic events.

Conclusion:

The pandemic has led to relatively higher levels of psychological impact among primary health-care providers and chiropractic professionals at the clinic. The findings suggested that it is necessary to offer providers the necessary support to reduce the psychological impact derived from the pandemic. Future studies should include providers from diverse geographic locations in their sample for a better understanding of this phenomenon.
Fracture Neck of Femur fixed by Biplane Double Support Screw Fixation (BDSF) Technique; A Case Series of 12 Cases
Authors: Shanbhag Aravind , Shenoy B. Ramdas , Babu BC Santhosh
Published: April 2024

Internal fixation of femoral neck fractures has been always debatable. Parallel screws though are a frequent modality of fixation, they have a poor outcome in 46% of cases clinically. The fixation failure can be reduced significantly by optimizing the primary stability of the internal fixation construct. We treated 12 patients who presented with fracture neck of the femur by biplane double support fixation (BDSF) technique. All patients achieved fracture union without any complications and were followed up for 12 months. The results with BDSF are far more successful than the conventional method of fixation. There were no instances of fixation failure in our series of 12 cases.
Exploring different methods for assessing anchorage loss during orthodontic space closure: A narrative review
Authors: Mehta Ushmita , Reddy C. Munish , Khera Amit Kumar , Raghav Pradeep , Arya Sukanya , Jaiswal Anusha
Published: April 2024

To ensure successful treatment and to prevent undesired tooth movements, it’s essential to manage reciprocal forces effectively. Anchorage control becomes particularly crucial in cases involving extractions, where it can help prevent unwanted tooth movement. However, during treatment, there’s a risk of anchorage loss, which can undermine the treatment objectives. Therefore, it’s imperative to monitor molar movement and assess for anchorage loss throughout treatment. Research publications were searched on search engines such as Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar, and articles with terms such as “anchorage management, assessment of anchorage loss, anchorage loss, space closure , en masse retraction and canine retraction” were collected. Various methods for evaluating anchorage loss are dental casts, 3-Dimensional assessment and lateral cephalogram superimposition. Dental casts works well for assessing anteroposterior anchorage loss in maxillary first molars. However, their utility in the mandibular arch is limited due to the absence of a stable reference point. Lateral cephalometry faces the challenge of superimposing bilateral structures. The recent introduction of 3D superimposition techniques offers a potential solution for assessing anchorage loss in the vertical dimension using dental casts.
Метод Монте-Карло для вычисления цен опционов типа lookback в моделях Леви
Authors: Kudryavtsev O E , Grechko Alexander Sergeevich , Mamedov Ignat Emilievich
Published: April 2024

В статье построен универсальный метод Монте-Карло для оценивания опционов, функция выплат которых зависит от конечного положения экстремума процесса Леви. Предлагаемый метод позволяет вычислять цены опционов lookback с плавающей и фиксированной ценой исполнения не только в начальный момент времени, но и в течение всего срока, когда текущее положение процесса Леви может не совпадать со своим экстремумом. Предлагаемый алгоритм включает три этапа: аппроксимацию функции распределения процесса экстремума, ее обращение и симуляцию конечного положения экстремума процесса Леви. В работе выведены новые приближенные формулы для вычисления функций распределения процессов супремума и инфимума для моделей Леви, использующие факторизацию Винера-Хопфа. Описаны принципы построения гибридного метода Монте-Карло, комбинирующего классические численные методы построения функции распределения конечного положения процесса экстремума и методы машинного обучения для обращения функции распределения с помощью тензорных нейронных сетей. Проведенные вычислительные эксперименты подтверждают эффективность универсального метода Монте-Карло при вычислении цен опционов lookback.
Clamp - Tube Support, Spring Clips and PTFE Cushion, Procurement Specification for
Authors:   G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
Published: April 2024

This procurement specification covers the requirements for metal tube support clamps comprising of two spring clips made of corrosion and heat resistant steel and the associated PTFE single split cushion that supports the tube. See Figure 1.
On Some Demographic Structures and Economic Growth in Nigeria (2003–2022)
Authors: Abdulazeez Sikiru Adeyinka
Published: April 2024

Effective development planning necessitates the integration of sound social and economic planning strategies. In Nigeria, demographic  and population data play a crucial role in shaping these plans. This research investigates the impact of demographic structure on the  country's economy, with a specific focus on key characteristics such as population size, birth rate, mortality rate, growth rate, GDP growth  rate, and fertility rate. The study analyzes demographic features alongside GDP growth rate data spanning from 2003 to 2022.  The findings reveal a robust correlation between birth rates and GDP growth, indicating that population dynamics significantly influence  economic development. Additionally, positive relationships are identified between death rates and GDP growth, underscoring the impact  of mortality issues on economic outcomes. The regression model demonstrates that demographic factors collectively mold Nigeria's  economic growth trajectory, shedding light on the intricate dynamics between demography and economic development. Through time  series analysis, the model exhibits low errors and high explanatory power. However, residual analysis highlights serial association,  emphasizing the temporal demographic effects on economic growth. Ultimately, the study underscores the potential contributions of  demographic characteristics to Nigeria's economy. Policymakers and economists keen on leveraging demographic shifts for economic  advancement will find valuable insights in this research. As demographic considerations increasingly play a pivotal role in Nigeria's  economic growth, strategic planning and decision-making must take these factors into account.
Paddy Rice (Oryza sativum) Production and Processing in Nigeria: A Review
Authors: Musa Mustapha Hauwa , Agomuo Jude Kelechi , Dandago Munir Abba , Atanda Kazeem Sogunle , Nahemiah Danbaba , Terpase Amon
Published: April 2024

Rice stands as a crucial staple in Nigeria, where its substantial population renders the country and the region as the largest rice  consumers. The demand for rice has surged in recent times, transforming it into both a vital food supply chain and cash commodity crop  for the developing world. Virtually ubiquitous applied in daily food menu’ of Nigerian diet, the high demand for milled rice in Nigeria is significantly increasing with the increasing population which was estimated at 5.2 million tonnes with an average national production of  3.3 million metric tonnes. These results showed a supply and demand gap average of 1.9 million metric tonnes which necessitating rice  imports. While rice processing capacity in Nigeria reaches 2.8 million metric tonnes for paddy rice annually, which covers half of the annual requirement, survey indicates that quality of domestically processed rice is inferior to imported varieties, marked by broken rice,  foreign matters, stones, dirt and debris. This led to diminished quality interest in local rice preferring the imported with international  quality. An uncompetitive standing of domestic rice both local and global markets present a significant challenge to rice production in  Nigerian industries. Consequently, this review aims to assess paddy rice production, processing, consumption, as well as postharvest  handling and storage methods in Nigeria. The full mechanization of riceprocessing operations is advocated to reduce paddy rice handling  time and minimize deterioration, a key factor contributing to subpar milled-rice quality. It is imperative for both the private and  public sectors to intensify efforts toward local rice production to meet citizens' demands. Urgent investments into the production  machinery, methods of processing, infrastructure and the policies set by the Nigerian Government and its agencies in rice processing  chain are necessary to enhance the quality of processing paddy rice, which will ultimately elevate the quality of domestic rice products.
Screening for Potential Antioxidants from Chrozophora senegalensis Crude Extract
Authors: Andrew Kwaji , Yunana Saminu , Samaila Abubakar , Rejoice Atiko , Elnafaty Aliyu U.
Published: April 2024

Numerous reports have indicated oxidative stress as the under-laying factor or associated with the onset or progression of numerous  human ailments and disorders such as dementia, Alzheimer disease, diabetes, macular degeneration and aging. Chrozophora  senegalensis (C. senegalensis) is a plant used in traditional medicine to cure both infectious and non-infectious diseases. This research  was aimed to carry out the antioxidant activities guided isolation and characterization of phytocompounds from C. senegalensis  methanol crude extract. The plant sample was extracted using maceration and concentrated on a rotary evaporator at 45oC. Three  different but complementary methods; Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), Nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide assays were used  to evaluate the antioxidant activities of C. senegalensis crude extracts. Column chromatography was used to isolate and purify the  compounds from the most active n-hexane fraction and coded as CSC-1, CSC-2 and CSC-3. The compounds were characterized using NMR  (1H & 13C), GC-MS, melting point determination and in comparison with literature. The percentage free radical scavenging activity  for FRAP, nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide assays were 94.51%, 92.38% and 91.67% respectively while that of ascorbic acid standard  was 95.43±0.76%. The isolated compounds were identified as 1- hexacosanol (CSC-1), 1-triacontanol (CSC-2) and oleic acid (CSC-3). The  isolation and characterization of these bioactive compounds from C. senegalensis crude extract validates its usefulness in traditional  medicine practice.
Facial Morphometry of the Mwaghavul Ethnic Group in Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Gudaji A. , Panshak L.Y.
Published: April 2024

The face is the most striking feature which distinguishes an individual. Human body dimensions are affected by ecological, biological,  geographical, racial, gender, age and nutritional factors. Anthropometrics vary from tribe to tribe, and from race to race and, also differs  amongst different age groups and between the two sexes of a given population. The aim of the study was to determine the facial  morphometry of the Mwaghavul ethnic group of Plateau State, Nigeria. The objectives were to determine facial dimensions, facial index  and facial types of Mwaghavul ethnic group. Four hundred and five (405) participants (231, males; 174, females) aged 18-30 years were  involved in this study. The study was carried out on Mwaghavul students of College of Education Gindiri, Mangu LGA of Plateau State in  Nigeria. The photographic setup consisted of a tripod stand and digital camera. The participants were positioned at a distance of 120 cm  from the camera. The camera was raised to the ear level of the participants to provide good quality of image and to prevent distortion of  the face. The photographs were captured at a standard resolution of 12.1 megapixels. A digital vernier caliper was then used to measure  the facial linear dimensions. The photographic records were analysed using a bioanalyser (version 6). The program was customized with  the landmarks used in this study. Facial width higher in females than in males (p=0.047) while facial and lower facial indices were higher  in males than in females (p<0.001) respectively. The facial type of Mwaghavul ethnic group was found to be dominantly hyperleptoprosopic in both sexes. These variations were possibly due to age, inter- and intra-ethnic, nutritional, socio-economic, genetic,  gender, racial and climatic factors
Evaluation of Indoor and Outdoor Radiation Levels and its Health Hazard at Dennis Osadebay University, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Esi E.O. , Nwabuoku A.O. , Oduah E.C. , Ugbede F.O. , Okpilike J.C.
Published: April 2024

This research designed at evaluating the indoor and outdoor background ionizing radiation dose equivalent levels at Dennis Osadebay  University, Asaba Delta state. The study was carried out at fifteen different locations around the university campus using a portable GQ  GMC-320 detector to measure outdoor and indoor equivalent dose rate of the university campus. The mean values of outdoor and indoor  equivalent dose rate obtained are 0.135 μSv/hr and 0.142 μSv/hr respectively. These mean values are vaguely lower compared to  0.274 µSv/hr world average limit. The mean values of annual effective radiation equivalent (AEDE) of outdoor and indoor are 0.788 mSv/y  and 0.142 mSv/y respectively. Similarly, 2.153 and 0.716 are the obtained values for excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) outdoor and indoor  around the university respectively. The calculated dose to organs showed that the testes have the highest organ dose of (0.533 and 0.039)  mSv/y for indoor and outdoor respectively. The estimated AEDE around the university are below the permissible limit, while ELCR  average values for both outdoor and indoor around the university exceeded the standard value. The implication of equivalent dose rate,  AEDE and ELCR values is that the university environment appears to be safe from immediate radiation-related health effects due to BIR  exposure. Nevertheless, the possibility that an individual may develop cancer over their lifetime within university environment.
The Influence of Solar Irradiance and Temperature on The Pll-Synchronized Inverter Within Grid-Connected PV Systems
Authors: Sisa A.A. , Ali M.H. , Ahmed A.B.
Published: April 2024

This study assesses the influence of solar irradiance and temperature on αβPLL synchronized inverters by investigating their intricate  relationship within grid-connected PV systems. The intermittent nature of the DC side of these systems can significantly impact their  performance. However, the extent of this impact remains uncertain when employing the stationary reference frame PLL (αβPLL)  algorithm for synchronization with the utility grid. Employing simulation in MATLAB 2020a and a Model Based Design approach in the  Simscape toolbox of SIMULINK, we conducted this investigation through two test scenarios: one with constant solar irradiance and  varying temperature, and the other with varying solar irradiance and constant temperature. Our results indicate that fluctuations in solar  irradiance and temperature have minimal effects on the output parameters of grid-connected PV systems when synchronized with the  stationary reference frame PLL (αβPLL) algorithm. This conclusion is supported by the total harmonic distortion values, which all fall  within the specified limits of IEEE Standard 929- 2000. These findings underscore the potential of αßPLL synchronization as a promising  technique, capable of effectively synchronizing grid inverters even in the presence of DC input distortion. This proficiency in grid  integration holds promise for enhancing the integration of renewable energy sources into the grid, thereby bolstering power availability  for household distribution.
Socio-Demographic Factors Affecting the Prevalence of Typhoid Fever Among Febrile Patients in Kebbi State, Nigeria
Authors: Faruku N. , Sarkinfada Farouk , Hafiz Taysir R. , Magaji U.F. , Idris Auwal Kabuga , Musa S. , Umar K. , Khalid Iman Maikano , Nura Mujahid Sani , Sani Nura Muhammad , Yusuf Mohammed , Abbas Muhammad Adamu
Published: April 2024

Typhoid fever is a life-threatening public health disease caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi. The disease is a significant health  concern in underdeveloped and most developing countries, especially in Asia and Africa (including Nigeria). The study was aimed at  determining the prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with typhoid fever among febrile patients attending three selected hospitals in Kebbi State, Nigeria. A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out among 406 febrile patients suspected of typhoid  fever aged 1-70 years (mean age 34 years) in three selected health facilities of Kebbi State, Nigeria from February2021 to October, 2021.  Approximately 20 ml and 10 ml of venous blood was collected from adults and children respectively. Blood culture and biochemical tests were carried out. Patients were administered structured questionnaires to evaluate the level of knowledge and practice toward the  disease. Data obtained from respondents was analysed by descriptive statistics. In this study, the culture identified Salmonella Typhi  prevalence of typhoid fever among febrile study subjects in Kebbi State was 6.4%. A higher prevalence was recorded among males (7.5%) than in females (5.0%) participants. Patients within the age range of 11- 20 years had the highest prevalence (14.8%), those with informal  education recorded 11.2%. It was observed that rural area dwellers had higher prevalence (9.4%). Out of 26 isolates, 25 were susceptible  to cefotaxime, 11 isolates were resistant to cotrimoxazole and amoxicillin-clavulanate antibiotics. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is an  important and common cause of febrile illness in our population. Lack of good quality drinking water in rural areas has a greater impact  on the burden of typhoid fever among study participants. Cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin therapy are suitable treatments for typhoid fever.  The identification of sociodemographic characteristics associated with the disease are of great importance in providing holistic  preventive approach and control strategies of the disease.
Biosynthesis of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles using Pennisetum Purpureum and Application in Removal of Cadmium Contaminant from Water
Authors: Ebiaguanye I.T. , Emeribe F.O.
Published: April 2024

This study evaluated an innovative approach to synthesize magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) through a green synthesis method  using Pennisetum purpureum extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The green synthesis of MgO NPs is cost-effective and  environmentally friendly. Characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier- transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the successful synthesis of nanoparticles with unique properties. Debye-Scherrer  equation is used for the determination of particle size, which was found to be 15.7nm. The potential application of MgO NPs in the  removal of cadmium (Cd) contaminant from water sources was investigated through batch adsorption experiments. Cadmium pollution  poses a severe threat to ecosystems and human health due to its toxic nature and persistence in the environment. MgO NPs, with their  high surface area and reactivity, efficiently adsorbed and immobilize cadmium ions from water. Adsorption isotherm models indicated  that Langmuir isotherm is the best model to describe the adsorption of Cd2+ on magnesium oxide nanoparticles prepared by elephant  grass extracts. It was found that a removal of greater percent of Cd2+ could be accomplished through adsorption with 0.05g of  magnesium oxide nanoparticles, an initial concentration of metal at 5ppm pH of 10 and at contact time of 65minutes.
Evolution of Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Network: A Survey on Energy and Clustering Issues
Authors: Bagiwa M.A. , Ishaya N. , Obiniyi A.A.
Published: April 2024

In different fields of human endeavor, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are being developed to collect, aggregate, fuse, and send data  collected by a wide range of sensors in real-time. When developing a wireless network's data transmission routing system, energy  consumption is among the most essential components. Designing an energy-efficient (WSN) routing framework is challenging. Several  energyefficient routing algorithms exist for effectively transferring data packets between cluster members (CM) and cluster heads (CH).  Some suggest the change of state of the nodes that made up the network from active to sleep in the event where the nodes are not  sensing of sending data as a method of energy optimisation while others reduce the distance between the nodes because the distance  between nodes is directly proportional to the amount of energy use during data transmission. Whatever the method may be, achieving  reduced energy consumption in a WSN environment is an enormous task due to the need for both long network life and network  efficiency. This paper reviews some research and energy saving techniques that had been carried out on WSN over a period of time.
Developing Exp-FIGARCH Hybrid Models for Time Series Modelling
Authors: Jibrin Sanusi Alhaji , Osi Abdulhameed Ado , Shehu Shukurana
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we introduced a new hybrid model namely Exponential Autoregressive-Fractional Integrated Generalized Autoregressive  Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ExpAR-FIGARCH) model and study financial data. The Daily Nigeria All Share Stock Index that exhibit  nonlinear, volatility and long memory effect were analyzed in the study. The existing ExpAR-Generalized Autoregressive Conditional  Heteroscedasticity (ExpAR-GARCH) model were estimated and compared with the proposed ExpAR-FIGARCHmodel. Results showed that  the new hybrid model is better based on efficient parameters, serial correlation analysis and forecast measures of accuracy. Therefore, as  a conclusion, the current study indicates that the ExpAR-FIGARCHmodel performed better compared to the ExpAR-GARCHhybrid  model. Therefore, the ExpAR-FIGARCHmodel is a better option for modeling nonlinear, volatility and long memory characteristics of time  series. Future study should focus on the application of the developed hybrid ExpAR-FIGARCHmodel using health, meteorological and  economic data.
The prevalence, patterns and factors associated with work related musculoskeletal symptoms among surgical residents in Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Macharia K.M. , Sitati F.C.
Published: April 2024

Background: In the medical sector, surgeons work in an environment that is not ergonomically ideal, and many suffer work-related  musculoskeletal symptoms that may result in reduced quality of life, disability, and diminished career longevity. While data exists on  musculoskeletal symptoms in practising surgeons, this is not the case for trainee surgeons.
Objective: To determine the prevalence,  patterns and factors associated with work-related musculoskeletal symptoms among surgical residents working in Kenyatta National  Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was done to determine the prevalence, patterns and factors associated with  work-related musculoskeletal symptoms among surgical residents working in Kenyatta National Hospital. An electronic questionnaire  based on the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) was sent to all participants via electronic messaging.
Results: Two hundred  and seventeen responses were received. The overall prevalence of workrelated musculoskeletal symptoms was 93%. The most commonly  affected anatomic region was the lower back (68%) followed by the neck (47%). Residents from the thematic units of urology, paediatric surgery and general surgery had a 100% prevalence rate of work-related musculoskeletal symptoms. Residents from plastic  surgery and ophthalmology units had the lowest prevalence rates (83% and 84% respectively). Neck symptoms were associated with  using loupes (OR, 2.9, p=0.02) and microscopes (OR, 2.2, p=0.05). Female gender was associated with wrist/hand symptoms (OR, 3.84, p=0.01). Increasing age was associated with symptoms in the neck (OR, 1.22 p=0.002) and lower back (OR, 1.15 p=0.03). No association  was found between overall prevalence and thematic unit (p=0.13), year of study (p=0.903) or hours in theatre (p=0.97).
Conclusion and  recommendations: Surgical residents experience a significantly high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal symptoms. Urology,  paediatric surgery and general surgery residents had the highest overall prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal symptoms.
Diagnostic correlation between plain radiographic and histopathology reports among patients with long bones tumours treated at a Tertiary Hospital in Tanzania
Authors: Said A. H. , Lupondo V.M. , Hussein A.B. , Muhamedhussein M. , Olomi J.E.
Published: April 2024

Background: Bone tumours are significant global health concern, with a rising number of new cases being  diagnosed each year. The incidence of bone tumours has shown a significant increase in recent years, as  evidenced by a 50% rise in new cases in 2020 alone. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective  treatment and improved patient outcomes. The diagnosis of primary bone tumours is based on clinical,  radiological and histopathological findings.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the diagnostic correlation between plain radiographic and histopathological reports in diagnosing long bone tumours.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was  conducted between 2018 and 2021. Participants who underwent a histological examination for long bone  tumours and met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Relevant information was obtained from patient  records then sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the plain radiograph were calculated with histopathology  serving as the gold standard.
Results: The study included 83 participants, the majority were  aged 30 years old or younger. Forty six percent of the cases were malignant tumours while benign were  54%. Osteosarcoma was found to be the most common tumour type both by radiological and histological  diagnosis and femur was the most commonly affected bone. Plain radiograph was found to have a  sensitivity of 92.1%, specificity of 73.3% and accuracy of 82%.
Conclusion: This study found a strong diagnostic correlation between plain radiographic and histopathology reports in patients with long bone  tumours. This suggests that plain radiography can serve as a useful screening tool for long bone tumours in  resource-limited settings, allowing for early and accurate preliminary diagnoses.
Histopathological investigation of some facial cosmetic products mixture exposed to fingerlings of mud catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
Authors: Osuala F.I. , Abiodun O.A. , Igwo-Ezikpe M.N. , Oviahon O.P. , Humphrey O.F .
Published: April 2024

Cosmetics are one of the major pollutants in the aquatic ecosystem due to the quantum of production to meet the astronomical demand  of users that eventually becomes harmful to organisms. Changes in physic-chemical parameters such as potential of hydrogen (pH),  Electrical conductivity (EC), Temperature (T oC) Dissolved oxygen (DO) were investigated at the beginning and after 96 hours of cosmetic  exposure. This study also investigated the effects of four facial cosmetic products (Powder, foundation, concealer, and primer) histopathologically in fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus (gills) exposed to binary, trinary, and quaternary mixtures in o laboratory bioassays  for 48 hours and 96 hours. The results of pH, T C, EC and DO ranged from 6.21 - 6.64, o 25.40 - 26.70 oC, 0.04 - 0.14 mS/cm, and  10.00 -12.00 mg/l respectively. The joint action toxicity evaluation of the binary, trinary, and quaternary mixtures of the cosmetics  prepared based on an equitoxic ratio against the test organism was in concordance with the model of synergism. Results showed the  prevalence of severe lamellar necrosis in the gills of C. gariepinus which was observed across all combinations except in the combinations  of Powder + Primer as well as Powder + Foundation + Concealer + Primer. Moderate lamellar necrosis and hypertrophied  epithelium were observed in fish exposed to a mixture of Powder + Foundation + Concealer. The results obtained in this study suggested  that the presence of facial cosmetics in the aquatic ecosystem could be dangerous to fish and subsequently human health via  biomagnification. Therefore, there is an urgent need for environmental regulators to enforce safety standards for the emission of these  selected cosmetics wastes into the waterways to prevent damage to aquatic organisms and public health issues.
Influence of Selected Soil Properties on Groundwater Flow around Ariaria Dumpsite, Aba, Southeast, Nigeria
Authors: Aladin A. E. , Ogueh D. E.
Published: April 2024

A study on the analysis of soil and groundwater characteristics due to municipal waste is indispensable to the sustenance of the environment and human health. This study is to evaluate the “Influence of selected Soil properties on groundwater flow around Ariaria dumpsite, Aba Southeast, Nigeria using Particle Size Analysis and Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) configurationˮ. The sieve analysis shows that the soil samples collected consist of 11.95% of Silt, 83.62% of Sand and 4.42% of little Gravel. The mean permeability of the study area ranges from 0.19 (cm/sec) to 0.49 (cm/sec), the mean infiltration rate ranges from 6840mm/hr to 31320mm/hr. The Longitudinal conductance and Transmissivity values range from 0.0060 to 0.0284Ω-1 and 3.8165 to 16.85892/day. The values of longitudinal conductance and transmissivity indicates that the aquifer has poor protection capacity rating and its classification of well is from very low potential to low potential. The soil samples of the study area are well sorted and the movement of leachate from the dumpsite into the subsurface is very fast because the Permeability (K) is good, Coefficient of uniformity (Cu) and Coefficient of curvature classified the soil samples collected from the area as well graded soil. From the geophysical survey (VES) results, the groundwater depths (upper and lower aquifers) within the study area ranges from 30m (98ft) to 60m (197ft) at average depth of 45m(147ft). The curve types are AHA, HKA and AKA. The SWL of the study area ranges from 12m to 19m deep. The recommend drill depth to groundwater of is 50m (164) for domestic and consumption purpose.
Perceptions on Effectiveness of EPICOR System on Pharmaceutical Inventory Management in Tanzania: A Case Study of Medical Stores Department (MDS) in Dar es Salam
Authors: Kalumanga Venance E. , Mwita Olivia N.
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to assess the perceptions of the effectiveness of EPICOR-10 System on pharmaceutical inventory management in Tanzania taking the Medical Stores Department (MSD) in Dar es Salaam office as a case study. The study espoused qualitative and  quantitative approaches under the case study design. Simple random and purposive designs were used to choose 76 samples while  surveys and in-depth interviews were employed in data collection. Likert scale was used to measure respondents’ perceptions of the effectiveness of the system whereas five (5) point ordinal scales were used to rate the respondent's degree to which they agree or disagree with its effectiveness on pharmaceutical inventory management at MSD. The study revealed that the majority of the  respondents 57.9% and 42.1% strongly agree and agree respectively that the system is effective in customer service delivery, while 48.7%  and 31.6% of respondents strongly agree and agree respectively that the system helped in inventory tracking. Nevertheless, 36.8% and 46.1% of the respondents strongly agree and agree correspondingly that the system helps in cost reduction. Moreover, 48.7% and 35.5%  of the respondents strongly agree and agree that the EPICOR-10 system enabled time-saving whereas 39.5% and 36.8% of the  respondents also strongly agree and agree respectively that the system provides the accuracy of real-time information when managing  pharmaceutical inventory issues. The study recommends that MSD should continue to utilize EPICOR-10 system effectively in inventory  management practices while more considerations should be taken on improving the system in the areas of its flexibility when integrating  with other activities of the organization. However, regular training programs to capacitate staff and other users on advanced features and functionalities of the system are essential for the continuous improvement of pharmaceutical inventory management in Tanzania and other health sectors in developing countries.
Knowledge and Practice of Health Care Professionals Regarding the Prevention of Surgical Site Infections at Tertiary Hospitals in Rwanda
Authors: Niyomugabo Aloys , Mukeshimana Madeleine , Collins Anita , Chironda Geldine
Published: April 2024

BackgroundThe prevention of surgical site infections heavily relies on healthcare professionalswho adhere to appropriate use of guidelines. However, there is limited evidence ontheir knowledge and practices regarding surgical site infections prevention in Rwanda.Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and practice of health careprofessionals regarding the prevention of surgical site infections at tertiary hospitalsin Rwanda.MethodologyA cross-sectional study involving 213 healthcare professionals was conducted toassess the practice and knowledge of surgical site infection preventions. Univariateand multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed using SPSS version 25.ResultsThis study indicated that 53.1% of healthcare professionals had good knowledgeregarding surgical site infections prevention, while 57% reported good practices.Nurses were significantly more likely to have good practices, with a 4.7 times higherlikelihood (AOR=4.66, 95% CI=1.23-17.77) than other healthcare professionals.Healthcare professionals who received in-service training on infection preventionwere more likely to demonstrate good practices compared to those who are not trained(AOR=2.99, 95% CI=1.29-6.92).ConclusionThe current study revealed that 43% of study participants reported poor surgicalsite infections prevention practices. Therefore, healthcare professionals' knowledgeon surgical site infections prevention needs upgrading, and in-service training oninfection prevention necessary.Rwanda J Med Health Sci. 2024; 7(1):22-35