bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of heat treatment on tribocorrosion of nanostructure Ni–P coatings
Authors: Tabatabaei F , Raeissi K , Saatchi A , Kazmanlı K , Ürgen M
Published: November 2013

High phosphorus Ni–P coatings were deposited on mild steel by electroless plating, and then, they were isothermally heat treated at 400°C (HT400) and 600°C (HT600) for 1 h. The electrochemical behaviour of the coatings was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarisation technique in 3·5 wt-%NaCl solution. Tribocorrosion tests were also carried out in 3·5 wt-%NaCl solution. Scanning electron microscopy and three-dimensional profilometry were used to study the wear scars. The results showed that the maximum tribocorrosion resistance was obtained for heat treated Ni–P coating at 600°C because of higher corrosion resistance of HT600 than that of HT400 and also higher hardness of HT600 than that of as plated coating. Moreover, the lowest friction coefficient was achieved for HT600 coating.
Role of substrate bias during deposition of magnetron sputtered Ni, Ti and Ni–Ti thin films
Authors: Priyadarshini B G , Kumar Gupta M , Ghosh S , Chakraborty M , Aich S
Published: November 2013

The present work aims to know how cosputtered NixTi1−x thin films differ from pure Ni and pure Ti thin film. Ni thin films exhibited <111> texture irrespective of substrate bias voltage, while film surface roughness as revealed by atomic force microscopy was sensitive to biasing. The negative substrate bias voltage induced a change in preferential orientation of Ti thin films. On the other hand, Ni–Ti thin films exhibited amorphous nature irrespective of substrate bias voltage. The stability of the crystal structure of pure Ni, pure Ti films and that of amorphous structure of NixTi1−x films under high ion bombardment could be predicted by classical molecular dynamics based on embedded atom method potential.
Radiation grafting of acrylamide onto surface of dopamine functionalised titanium
Authors: Yang W , Yang L , Shi Y , Chen B , Chen J
Published: November 2013

Acrylamide (AAm) was grafted onto the surface of dopamine coated titanium metal sheet by the 60Co- γ irradiation method. The structure of the Ti surfaces was examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy before and after grafting. Scanning electronic microscopy was employed to observe the surface morphologies, and hydrophilicity of the modified Ti surface was measured by water contact angle. Results showed that AAm was successfully grafted on the dopamine coated Ti sheet surface, and the complexed hydrophilic layer was firmly anchored on the Ti surface.
Formation of t’-YSZ nanocoating from composite sols
Authors: Liu R , Shi L
Published: November 2013

The non-equilibrium tetragonal (t’) yttria doped zirconia (YSZ) nanocoating was prepared by dip coating the substrate in the composite sols of monoclinic ZrO2 and Y2O3 and annealing at moderate temperature. The as prepared coating was characterised by SEM, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectra. It was shown that a dense and uniform t’-YSZ coating consisting of particles ∼30 nm was prepared. The nanostructures of the particles in the ZrO2 and Y2O3 sols ensured that a uniform and dense coating consisting of small particles was formed at moderate temperature. Compared with the precursor sols, the sintering temperature using the composite sols of ZrO2 and Y2O3 was decreased by 500°C. It indicated that the as prepared coating could be used more widely because more substrates were suitable under the low sintering temperature.
Effect of microblasting on cathodic arc evaporation CrN coatings
Authors: Montesano L , Pola A , Gelfi M , Brisotto M , Depero L E , La Vecchia G M
Published: November 2013

Cathodic arc evaporation CrN double layer coatings were deposited onto tool steels in two steps by industrial apparatus. Microblasting was performed on CrN first layer in order to remove metallic droplets and surface defects and to promote the adhesion of the second layer. Surface morphology effects were assessed by a scanning electron microscope coupled with Image analyser software. Nanoindentation and scratch tests were performed to evaluate the changes of coating adhesion and mechanical properties. Structure, microstructure and residual stress were evaluated by X-ray diffraction. In particular, by means of Cu and Cr wavelengths, the residual stresse of both steel substrates and coatings was calculated. The results show that microblasting has no effect on coating hardness and slightly affects the adhesion of the coating to the substrate. On the other hand, microblasting increases coating resistance to cohesive failure and the substrate compressive stress at the coating interface.
Effects of electrodeposition parameters on morphology and properties of Zn–TiO2 composite coating
Authors: Shamsolhodaei A , Rahmani H , Rastegari S
Published: November 2013

Compared to metallic coating, composite coating has more significant mechanical and tribological properties. In this study, titania particles that were codeposited with zinc on a plain carbon steel substrate were used as reinforcements. In addition, the mechanical and tribological properties of these coatings were studied. The effects of bath temperature, stirring rate of electrodeposition solution and concentration of titania in bath on the morphological, mechanical and tribological properties were also investigated. The electrodeposited samples were observed with optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope. Then, the microhardness and wear properties of the samples were measured. Finally, the optimum degrees of these parameters were achieved to attain maximum codeposition of reinforcement particles, hardness degrees and wear resistance of coatings. The optimised degrees of bath temperature, solution stirring rate and titania concentration in the bath were found to be 40°C, 300 rev min−1 and 5 g L−1 respectively.
Effect of preheating on deformation in cold spraying dissimilar combinations
Authors: Yu M. , Li W.-Y. , Wang F. F. , Liao H. L.
Published: November 2013

The present paper used an Eulerian model to study effects of the substrate material and the substrate temperature on the particle deformation behaviour in cold spraying dissimilar particle/substrate combinations. Results show that the deformation pattern of the particle presents a spreading and penetration way for soft/hard and hard/soft particle/substrate material combinations respectively. In addition, preheating the substrate can achieve a coordinated deformation pattern for the soft/hard particle/substrate material combination and a maximum steady PEEQ ranging in 3·2–3·5 in the present study.
Oxyplumboroméite, Pb2Sb2O7, a new mineral species of the pyrochlore supergroup from Harstigen mine, Värmland, Sweden
Authors: Hålenius U. , Bosi F.
Published: November 2013

Oxyplumboroméite, Pb2Sb2O7, is a new mineral of the roméite group of the pyrochlore supergroup (IMA 2013-042). It is found together with calcite and leucophoenicite in fissure fillings in tephroite skarn at the Harstigen mine, Värmland, Sweden. The mineral occurs as yellow to brownish yellow rounded grains or imperfect octahedra. Oxyplumboroméite has a Mohs hardness of ∼5, a calculated density of 6.732 g/cm3 and is isotropic with a calculated refractive index of 2.061. Oxyplumboroméite is cubic, space group Fdm, with the unit-cell parameters a = 10.3783(6) Å, V = 1117.84(11) Å3 and Z = 8. The strongest five X-ray powder-diffraction lines [d in Å(I)(hkl)] are: 2.9915(100)(222), 2.5928(32)(400), 1.8332(48)(440), 1.5638(38)(622) and 1.1900(12)(662). The crystal structure of oxyplumboroméite was refined to an R1 index of 3.02% using 160 unique reflections collected with MoKα radiation. Electron microprobe analyses in combination with crystal-structure refinement, infrared, Mössbauer and electronic absorption spectroscopy resulted in the empirical formula A(Pb0.92Ca0.87Mn0.09Sr0.01Na0.05)Σ1.93B(Sb1.73Fe3+0.27)Σ2.00X+Y[O6.64(OH)0.03]Σ6.67. Oxyplumboroméite is the Pb analogue of oxycalcioroméite, ideally Ca2Sb2O7.
Crystallographic and spectroscopic characterization of a natural Zn-rich spinel approaching the endmember gahnite (ZnAl2O4) composition
Authors: D’Ippolito V. , Andreozzi G. B. , Bosi F. , Hålenius U. , Mantovani L. , Bersani D. , Fregola R. A.
Published: November 2013

The crystal chemistry of a natural, gem-quality, blue-grey Zn-rich spinel crystal from Jemaa, Kaduna State, Nigeria, was studied using electron microprobe, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, optical absorption and Raman spectroscopies. The composition of the crystal approaches the gahnite endmember (ZnAl2O4), ∼94 mol.%, with the remainder being dominated by a hercynite component (FeAl2O4). The unit-cell dimension is 8.0850(3) Å and the tetrahedral and octahedral bond distances are determined asT–O 1.9485(6) Å andM–O 1.9137(3) Å. Crystal chemical analysis resulted in the empirical structural formulaT(Zn0.94Fe2+0.03Al0.03)M(Al1.96Fe2+0.03Fe3+0.01)O4, which shows Zn and Al almost fully ordered in the tetrahedrally and octahedrally coordinatedTandMsites, respectively. Raman spectra obtained using the excitation of the blue 473.1 nm line of a Nd:YAG laser display three of the five Raman-active modes predicted for the general oxide spinel group of minerals. These are the Egmode at 420.6 cm–1and the T2gmodes at 510 cm–1and 661 cm–1, due to vibrations in the AlO6octahedra. Optical absorption spectra recorded in the UV/VIS-NIR-MIR range 2000 29000 cm–1show a dominant absorption band at ∼5000 cm–1which is caused by spin-allowed electronicd–dtransitions in Fe2+located at theTsites. The blue-grey hue exhibited by the sample is mainly due to spin-forbidden electronic transitions inTFe2+and toMFe2+↔MFe3+intervalence charge transfer, and the poor saturation of the colour is due to the small concentration of Fe2+and Fe3+.
Meisserite, Na5(UO2)(SO4)3(SO3OH)(H2O), a new uranyl sulfate mineral from the Blue Lizard mine, San Juan County, Utah, USA
Authors: Plášil J. , Kampf A. R. , Kasatkin A. V. , Marty J. , Škoda R. , Silva S. , Čejka J.
Published: November 2013

Meisserite (IMA2013-039), Na5(UO2)(SO4)3(SO3OH)(H2O), is a new uranyl sulfate mineral from the Blue Lizard mine, San Juan County, Utah (USA). It is named in honour of the prominent Swiss mineralogist Nicolas Meisser. The new mineral was found in a sandstone matrix and is associated with chalcanthite, copiapite, ferrinatrite, gypsum, johannite and another new Na-bearing uranyl sulfate, belakovskiite (IMA2013-075). Meisserite is a secondary mineral formed by the post-mining weathering of uraninite. The mineral is triclinic,P,a= 5.32317(10),b= 11.5105(2),c= 13.5562(10) Å, α = 102.864(7)°, β = 97.414(7)°, γ = 91.461(6)°,V= 801.74(6) Å3, andZ= 2. Crystals are prisms elongated on [100], up to 0.3 mm long, exhibiting the forms {010} and {001}. Meisserite is pale green to yellowish green, translucent to transparent and has a very pale yellow streak. It is brittle, with fair cleavage on {100} and {001}, and uneven fracture. The Mohs hardness is estimated at 2. Meisserite is somewhat hygroscopic and easily soluble in water. The calculated density based on the empirical formula is 3.208 g/cm3. Meisserite exhibits bright yellow green fluorescence under both long- and shortwave UV radiation. The mineral is optically biaxial (–), with α = 1.514(1), β = 1.546(1), γ = 1.557(1) (measured in white light). The measured 2V is 60(2)° and the calculated 2V is 60°. Dispersion isr > v, perceptible, and the optical orientation isX≈a,Z≈c*. The mineral is pleochroic, withX(colourless) <Y(pale yellow) ≈Z(pale greenish yellow). The empirical formula of meisserite (based on 19 O a.p.f.u.) is Na5.05(U0.94O2)(SO4)3[SO2.69(OH)1.31](H2O). The Raman spectrum is dominated by the symmetric stretching vibrations of UO22+, SO42–and also weaker O–H stretching vibrations. The eight strongest powder X-ray diffraction lines are [dobsin Å(hkl)Irel]: 13.15 (001) 81, 6.33 (02) 62, 5.64 (01,020) 52, 5.24 (100,012,01) 100, 4.67 (101) 68, 3.849 (1,102,022) 48, 3.614 (02,3) 41, and 3.293 (13,004) 43. The crystal structure of meisserite (R1= 0.018 for 3306 reflections withIobs> 3σI) is topologically unique among known structures of uranyl minerals and inorganic compounds. It contains uranyl pentagonal bipyramids linked by SO4groups to form chains. Na+cations bond to O atoms in the chains and to an SO3OH group and an H2>O group between the chains, thereby forming a heteropolyhedral framework.
Deveroite-(Ce): a new REE-oxalate from Mount Cervandone, Devero Valley, Western-Central Alps, Italy
Authors: Guastoni A. , Nestola F. , Gentile P. , Zorzi F. , Alvaro M. , Lanza A. , Peruzzo L. , Schiazza M. , Casati N. M.
Published: November 2013

Deveroite-(Ce), ideally Ce2(C2O4)3·10H2O, is a new mineral (IMA 2013-003) found in the alpine fissures of Mount Cervandone, overlooking the Devero Valley, Piedmont, Italy. It occurs as sprays of colourless elongated tabular, acicular prisms only on cervandonite-(Ce). It has a white streak, a vitreous lustre, is not fluorescent and has a hardness of 2–2.5 (Mohs' scale). The tenacity is brittle and the crystals have a perfect cleavage along {010}. The calculated density is 2.352 g/cm3. Deveroite-(Ce) is biaxial (–) with 2V of ∼77°, is not pleochroic and the extinction angle (β ∧ c) is ∼27°. No twinning was observed. Electron microprobe analyses gave the following chemical formula: (Ce1.01Nd0.33La0.32Pr0.11Y0.11Sm0.01Pb0.04U0.03Th0.01Ca0.04)2.01(C2O4)2.99·9.99H2O. Although synchrotron radiation was not used to solve the structure of deveroite-(Ce) the extremely small size of the sample (13 μm × 3 μm × 1 μm) did not allow us to obtain reliable structural data. However, it was possible to determine the space group (monoclinic, P21/c) and the unit-cell parameters, which are: a = 11.240(8) Å, b = 9.635(11) Å, c = 10.339(12) Å, β = 114.41(10)°, V = 1019.6 Å3. The strongest lines in the powder diffraction pattern [d in Å (I)(hkl)] are: 10.266(100)(100); 4.816(35.26)(21); 3.415(27.83)(300); 5.125(24.70)(200); and 4.988(22.98)(111). Deveroite-(Ce) is named in recognition of Devero valley and Devero Natural Park.
Barikaite, Pb10Ag3(Sb8As11)Σ19S40, a new member of the sartorite homologous series
Authors: Topa D. , Makovicky E. , Tajedin H. , Putz H. , Zagler G.
Published: November 2013

Barikaite, ideally Pb10Ag3(Sb8As11)Σ19S40, is a new mineral species from the Barika Au-Ag deposit, Azarbaijan Province, western Iran. It was formed in fractures developed in silica bands situated in massive banded pyrite and baryte ores. These fractures house veinlets that contain a number of Ag-As-Sb-Pb-rich sulfosalts, tetrahedrite-tennantite, realgar, pyrite and electrum. Barikaite appears as inclusions in guettardite. The mineral is opaque, greyish black with a metallic lustre; it is brittle without any discernible cleavage. In reflected light barikaite is greyish white, pleochroism is distinct, white to dark grey. Internal reflections are absent. In crossed polars, anisotropism is distinct with rotation tints in shades of grey. The reflectance data (%, in air) are: 37.0, 39.3 at 470 nm, 34.1, 36.9 at 546 nm, 33.1, 36.2 at 589 nm and 31.3, 34.1 at 650 nm. The Mohs hardness is 3–3½, microhardness VHN50 exhibits the range 192 – 212, with a mean value of 200 kg mm–2. The average results of five electron-microprobe analyses in a grain are (in wt.%): Pb 35.77(33), Ag 5.8(1), Tl 0.15(08), Sb 18.33(09), As 15.64(16), S 24.00(15), total 99.69(10) wt.%, corresponding to Pb9.31Ag2.90Tl0.04(Sb8.12As11.26)Σ19.36S40.37 (on the basis of 32Me + 40S = 72 a.p.f.u.). The simplified formula, Pb10Ag3(Sb8As11)Σ19S40, is in accordance with the results of a crystal-structure analysis, and requires Pb 37.89, Ag 5.91, Sb 17.79, As 15.05 and S 23.42 (wt.%). The variation of chemical composition is minor, the empirical formula ranging from Pb10.39Ag2.32Tl0.02Sb7.52As11.27S40.49 to Pb9.24Ag2.93Tl0.04Sb8.13As11.35S40.31. Barikaite has monoclinic symmetry, space group P21/n and unit-cell parameters a 8.5325(7) Å, b 8.0749(7) Å, c 24.828(2) Å, and b 99.077(6)o, Z = 1. Calculated density for the empirical formula is 5.34 (g cm–3). The strongest eight lines in the (calculated) powder-diffraction pattern [d in Å(I)(hkl)] are: 3.835(63)(022), 3.646(100)(016), 3.441(60)(212), 3.408(62)(14), 2.972(66)(16), 2.769(91)(222), 2.752(78)(24) and 2.133(54)(402). Barikaite is the N = 4 member of the sartorite homologous series with a near-equal role of As and Sb, which have an ordered distribution pattern in the structure. It is a close homeotype of rathite and more distantly related to dufrénoysite (both distinct, pure arsenian N = 4 members) and it completes the spectrum of Sb-rich members of the sartorite homologous series. The new mineral and its name have been approved by the IMA-CNMNC (IMA 2012-055).
Leverettite from the Torrecillas mine, Iquique Provence, Chile: the Co-analogue of herbertsmithite
Authors: Kampf A. R. , Sciberras M. J. , Williams P. A. , Dini M. , Molina Donoso A. A.
Published: November 2013

The new mineral leverettite (IMA 2013-011), ideally Cu3CoCl2(OH)6, was found at the Torrecillas mine, Salar Grande, Iquique Province, Chile, where it occurs as a supergene alteration phase in association with akaganéite, anhydrite, chalcophanite, goethite, halite, manganite, pyrite, quartz and todorokite. Crystals of leverettite are steep rhombohedra to 1 mm with {101} prominent and modified by {001}, sometimes forming V-shaped twins by reflection on {10}. The crystals can also form finger-like, parallel stacked growths along the c axis. The new mineral is medium to deep green in colour and has a light green streak. Crystals are transparent with a vitreous lustre. Mohs hardness is ∼3 and the crystals have a brittle tenacity, a perfect cleavage on {101} and a conchoidal fracture. The measured density is 3.64(2) g cm–3 and calculated density based on the empirical formula is 3.709 g cm–3. Optically, leverettite is uniaxial (–) with ω and ε > 1.8 and exhibits pleochroism with O (bluish green) > E (slightly yellowish green). The empirical formula, determined from electron-microprobe analyses is Cu3(Co0.43Cu0.40Mn0.17Ni0.07Mg0.01)Σ1.08Cl1.87O6.13H6. Leverettite is trigonal (hexagonal), space group Rm, unit-cell parameters a = 6.8436(6) and c = 14.064(1) Å, V = 570.42(8) Å3, Z = 3. The eight strongest X-ray powder diffraction lines are [dobs Å (I)(hkl)]: 5.469(90)(101), 4.701(18)(003), 2.905(22)(021), 2.766(100)(113), 2.269(66)(024), 1.822(26)(033), 1.711(33)(220), 1.383(23)(128). The structure, refined to R1 = 0.023 for 183 Fo > 4σF reflections, shows leverettite to be isostructural with herbertsmithite and gillardite.
Antennal transcriptome profiles of anopheline mosquitoes reveal human host olfactory specialization in Anopheles gambiae
Authors: Rinker David C , Zhou Xiaofan , Pitts Ronald Jason ,   The AGC Consortium, Rokas Antonis , Zwiebel Laurence J
Published: November 2013

Background

Two sibling members of the Anopheles gambiae species complex display notable differences in female blood meal preferences. An. gambiae s.s. has a well-documented preference for feeding upon human hosts, whereas An. quadriannulatus feeds on vertebrate/mammalian hosts, with only opportunistic feeding upon humans. Because mosquito host-seeking behaviors are largely driven by the sensory modality of olfaction, we hypothesized that hallmarks of these divergent host seeking phenotypes will be in evidence within the transcriptome profiles of the antennae, the mosquito’s principal chemosensory appendage.

Results

To test this hypothesis, we have sequenced antennal mRNA of non-bloodfed females from each species and observed a number of distinct quantitative and qualitative differences in their chemosensory gene repertoires. In both species, these gene families show higher rates of sequence polymorphisms than the overall rates in their respective transcriptomes, with potentially important divergences between the two species. Moreover, quantitative differences in odorant receptor transcript abundances have been used to model potential distinctions in volatile odor receptivity between the two sibling species of anophelines.

Conclusion

This analysis suggests that the anthropophagic behavior of An. gambiae s.s. reflects the differential distribution of olfactory receptors in the antenna, likely resulting from a co-option and refinement of molecular components common to both species. This study improves our understanding of the molecular evolution of chemoreceptors in closely related anophelines and suggests possible mechanisms that underlie the behavioral distinctions in host seeking that, in part, account for the differential vectorial capacity of these mosquitoes.
Global transcriptome analysis of AtPAP2 - overexpressing Arabidopsisthalianawith elevated ATP
Authors: Sun Feng , Liang Chao , Whelan James , Yang Jun , Zhang Peng , Lim Boon Leong
Published: November 2013

Background

AtPAP2 is a purple acid phosphatase that is targeted to both chloroplasts and mitochondria. Over-expression (OE) lines of AtPAP2 grew faster, produced more seeds, and contained higher leaf sucrose and glucose contents. The present study aimed to determine how high energy status affects leaf and root transcriptomes.

Results

ATP and ADP levels in the OE lines are 30-50% and 20-50% higher than in the wild-type (WT) plants. Global transcriptome analyses indicated that transcriptional regulation does play a role in sucrose and starch metabolism, nitrogen, potassium and iron uptake, amino acids and secondary metabolites metabolism when there is an ample supply of energy. While the transcript abundance of genes encoding protein components of photosystem I (PS I), photosystem II (PS II) and light harvesting complex I (LHCI) were unaltered, changes in transcript abundance for genes encoding proteins of LHCII are significant. The gene expressions of most enzymes of the Calvin cycle, glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were unaltered, as these enzymes are known to be regulated by light/redox status or allosteric modulation by the products (e.g. citrate, ATP/ADP ratio), but not at the level of transcription.

Conclusions

AtPAP2 overexpression resulted in a widespread reprogramming of the transcriptome in the transgenic plants, which is characterized by changes in the carbon, nitrogen, potassium, and iron metabolism. The fast-growing AtPAP2 OE lines provide an interesting tool for studying the regulation of energy system in plant.
Total gastrectomy increases the incidence of grade III and IV toxicities in patients with gastric cancer receiving adjuvant TS-1 treatment
Authors: Chou Wen-Chi , Chang Chia-Lun , Liu Keng-Hao , Hsu Jun-Te , Hsu Hung-Chih , Shen Wen-Chi , Hung Yu-Shin , Chen Jen-Shi
Published: November 2013

Background

We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of TS-1 adjuvant chemotherapy in Taiwanese patients with gastric cancer.

Methods

We included in this study patients with locally advanced gastric cancer who received adjuvant TS-1 or 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy after curative surgery and extended lymph node dissection between 1 June 2008 and 31 December 2012 at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Patient characteristics, tumor features, safety profiles and compliance with TS-1 treatment were retrospectively analyzed from medical charts.

Results

Forty patients received adjuvant chemotherapy with TS-1 and 193 with 5-fluorouracil within the study period. The 1- and 2-year overall survival rates were 90.6% and 87% in the TS-1 group and 95.4% and 86.8% in the 5-fluorouracil group (P = 0.34). The 1- and 2-year disease-free survival rates were 90.6% and 74.7% in the TS-1 group and 88% and 75.7% in the 5-fluorouracil group (P = 0.66). In the TS-1 group, tumor recurrence was more frequent in those with >15 metastatic lymph nodes than ≤15. Overall, 78.9%, 74.3%, 62.1% and 56% of patients underwent TS-1 treatment for at least 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, respectively. The most common adverse events of TS-1 were skin hyperpigmentation (55%), diarrhea (27.5%), dizziness (27.5%) and leucopenia (20%). Severe adverse events (SAEs; grade III or IV toxicity) were diarrhea (7.5%), stomatitis (7.5%), leukopenia (5%), vomiting (2.5%), anorexia (2.5%) and dizziness (2.5%). Patients who underwent total gastrectomy had a significantly greater risk of TS-1-related SAEs than patients who underwent subtotal gastrectomy (40% versus 8%, P = 0.014).

Conclusions

The incidence of SAEs during TS-1 therapy was more common in Taiwanese patients with gastric cancer who underwent total gastrectomy compared with those who underwent subtotal gastrectomy. Clinicians must be aware of and able to manage these SAEs to maximize patient compliance with adjuvant TS-1.
Efficacy of black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa L.) in treating early symptoms of menopause: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi Sakineh , Shahnazi Mahnaz , Nahaee Jila , Bayatipayan Somaei
Published: November 2013

Background

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa L.) in treating early menopausal symptoms.

Methods

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 84 early post-menopausal participants with Greene climacteric scale (GCS) scores of 15 to 42, who were referred to two public health care centers in Tehran, Iran, in 2011–2012. The participants were randomly allocated into treatment (6.5 mg of dried extract of Black cohosh roots daily) and control (placebo) groups with a ratio of 1:1. The participants took one tablet per day for 8 weeks. The GCS scores were recorded at baseline, and after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. Data analysis was carried out using a general linear model with repeated measures with SPSS software. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results

There was no loss to follow-up during the 8 weeks of treatment. The GCS total score (primary outcome) in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group at both week 4 [adjusted mean difference: -7.8 (95% confidence interval: -11.1 to -4.4)] and week 8 [-12.9 (-16.2 to -9.3)]. The treatment group showed significantly more improvement than the control group in all GCS subscale scores (vasomotor, psychiatric, physical, and sexual symptoms; secondary outcomes). The differences between the treatment and control groups at week 8 were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than those at week 4 in terms of the total scores and the vasomotor and psychiatric subscale scores. No side effects were reported.

Conclusions

Black cohosh reduced the GCS total score and all GCS subscale scores (vasomotor, psychiatric, physical, and sexual symptoms) during 4 and 8 weeks of treatment.

Clinical trial registration

This study was approved (Code 9061) by the Ethics Committee of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials withIRCT201107186709N4 on 15 January 2012.
MG53′s new identity
Authors: Levy Jennifer R , Campbell Kevin P , Glass David J
Published: November 2013

Mitsugumin 53 (MG53) is a relatively newly identified tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) family muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase that is expressed in skeletal muscle and the heart. It has been postulated to facilitate repair by targeting the site of an injury, and acting as a scaffold for assembly of a repair complex made up of dysferlin, annexin V, caveolin-3, and polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF). A recent letter published in Nature by Song et al. proposes an alternate function for MG53: as an E3 ligase that targets the insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) for degradation, therefore regulating muscle insulin signaling. This work is exciting, as it not only presents a novel role for MG53, but also suggests that muscle insulin signaling has a systemic influence on insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome.
Sialoadhesin deficiency does not influence the severity of lupus nephritis in New Zealand Black x New Zealand White F1 mice
Authors: Kidder Dana , Richards Hannah E , Lyons Paul A , Crocker Paul R
Published: November 2013

Introduction

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory condition with multisystem involvement. One of the key features of the disease is the upregulation of type I interferons, resulting in the so-called “interferon signature”. Recent flow cytometric and transcriptomic studies identified Sialoadhesin (Sn, CD169) as an important interferon-induced blood monocyte biomarker in diseased patients. To investigate a potential causative role of Sn in SLE, we generated NZBWF1 (New Zealand Black x New Zealand White F1) mice lacking Sn and compared onset and progression of disease with NZBWF1 expressing normal levels of Sn.

Methods

Sn expression in renal tissues of pre-diseased and diseased NZBWF1 mice was evaluated by Quantitative real time PCR (QPCR) and immunohistochemistry. Sn−/− NZBWF1 mice were generated by speed congenics. Disease severity of Sn+/+ and Sn−/− NZBWF1 mice was assessed by serum immunoassays, flow cytometry, light microscopy and immunohistochemistry.

Results

Renal tissues from proteinuric NZBWF1 mice exhibited a significant upregulation of Sn mRNA and protein expression following disease onset. Further immunohistochemical analysis showed that Sn+ macrophages assumed a distinct periglomerular distribution and, unlike CD68+ macrophages, were not present within the glomeruli. Analysis of disease severity in Sn
−/−
and Sn
+/+
NZBWF1 mice revealed no significant differences in the disease progression between the two groups although Sn-deficient mice showed a more rapid onset of proteinuria.

Conclusions

These data confirm a positive correlation of Sn with disease activity. However, Sn deficiency does not have a significant effect on the severity and progression of lupus nephritis in the NZBWF1 mouse model.
Foundation News
Authors: Blythe Natalie
Published: November 2013

The coastal city of Cotonou in Bénin, West Africa, is facing a serious threat to the sustainability of its supply of fresh water because of intrusion of salt water. Cotonou relies on the Godomey Aquifer for domestic water, but it is currently undergoing saltwater intrusion as a result of overpumping to meet the demands of a booming population. Lake Nokoué is a nearby body of water that has high salinity levels throughout much of the year and is thought to be the primary source of salinity in the aquifer, but aquifer recharge behavior is poorly understood.
Breaking the limit of seismic resolution: A synthetic example based on Tunu shallow gas development
Authors: Thore P. , Spindler P.
Published: November 2013

It is commonly admitted that resolution is limited to one-fourth of the seismic bandwidth which is often too coarse to resolve thin layering inside a reservoir. We present an application where a special form of seismic inversion has been able to retrieve layers as thin as 1/20th of the seismic bandwidth on synthetic data based on the real field of Tunu (Indonesia).
The impact of 3D tilted resistivity anisotropy on marine CSEM measurements
Authors: Davydycheva Sofia , Frenkel Michael A.
Published: November 2013

Marine CSEM modeling and data-interpretation algorithms currently used by the E&P industry are based on application of vertical transverse isotropic (VTI) resistivity models, which in many practical cases cannot adequately describe complex tilted anisotropic geologic structures typical for accumulation of hydrocarbons (e.g., syncline or anticline types). Use of VTI models is a serious limitation of CSEM technology and might be one of the core reasons for some false-positive and false-negative outcomes of marine CSEM surveys. To investigate this phenomenon in more detail and assess the impact of arbitrary tilted resistivity anisotropy on CSEM data, we performed simulations for a set of 3D tilted transverse isotropic (TTI) and VTI benchmark models. The 3D modeling results show that ignoring the TTI effect, if it is present, might lead to incorrect assessment of the feasibility of a potential CSEM survey as well as erroneous assessments and/or mispositioning of hydrocarbon targets during interpretation of field data and, in turn, might compromise the reliability of marine CSEM technology. Therefore, there is a strong practical need to start using TTI models, which provide more accurate descriptions of complex anisotropic resistivity structures than VTI models do. Application of 3D TTI modeling will improve the reliability of CSEM technology and its derisking potential.
Full-waveform inversion: From near surface to deep
Authors: Alkhalifah Tariq , Symes William W.
Published: November 2013

The ancient Persian Gulf port city of Muscat provided a spectacular setting for the SEG's 2013 Workshop on Full-waveform Inversion (FWI). This active R&D topic attracted about 36 oral presentations and 20 or so posters, which added up to three intense days of ideas, images, and discussion. FWI has progressed from academic research topic to commercial workflow component in roughly 10 years, with many case studies documenting improved imaging and business value and others documenting a definite need for improved understanding of algorithms and applicability. Along with fundamental research issues of worldwide importance, the meeting provided an opportunity to showcase implications of the Middle East's particular exploration challenges for the further development of FWI.
Geophysics bright spots
Authors: Stockwell John W.
Published: November 2013

In the November–December issue of Geophysics we find a diverse spectrum of topics that range from elastic modeling and imaging to first-break tomography to passive and active seismic imaging and processing, all the way to active and passive electromagnetic methods. Each paper is a tribute to the inventiveness of the authors and to the opportunities to conduct relevant and exciting science in the context of exploration geophysics.
State of the Net
Authors: Farley Isaac
Published: November 2013

The Publications Department has been working diligently over the course of 2013 to update and enhance the SEG Digital Library with our full collection of eBooks. We have arrived; your iPads, Kindles, and laptops may rejoice. SEG members and students may join those devices in reveling because SEG always offers handsome member discounts on all 119 whole eBooks at library.seg.org/ebooks (members save more than 20% off the list price, on average).
Understanding ‘recovery’
Authors: Roberts Glenn , Boardman Jed
Published: November 2013

The principles of recovery have been supported by UK mental health policy and have been incorporated into policy in several countries worldwide. In this article we examine the ideas, principles and definitions of recovery and their origins. Personal recovery is contrasted with clinical recovery and the nature and development of the recovery movement is outlined. The principal factors influencing personal recovery are hope, control and opportunity. In an accompanying article we discuss the implications of these principles for training and practice.
Young people who cut themselves: can understanding the reasons guide the treatment?
Authors: Wright Barry , Hooke Naomi , Neupert Stephan , Nyein Chan , Ker Suzy
Published: November 2013

Young people who cut themselves may do so for reasons that go beyond diagnosis. Relevant processes include responses to trauma, coping, emotion regulation and cultural identification. Some clinicians regard those who self-harm negatively or consider one therapeutic approach to be suitable for all. This article explores the possible mechanisms involved when young people cut themselves and discusses therapeutic approaches in the light of these. Clinicians and researchers are encouraged to refine, develop and research interventions for young people who self-harm by cutting.
The past and future of delusions research: from the inexplicable to the treatable
Authors: Garety P. A. , Freeman D.
Published: November 2013

Background

Problems with the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia have led for a call to change strategy and focus on individual psychotic experiences. In recent years, research on delusions has led the way.

Aims

To update our 1999 review of almost 40 studies on delusions.

Method

A systematic literature search was conducted of reasoning and affective processes related to delusions.

Results

Over 200 studies were identified. The presence of jumping to conclusions' in individuals with delusions has been substantiated, the theory of mind account has not stood up to subsequent testing, and there is a promising new focus on the ways that affective processes contribute to delusional experience.

Conclusions

Theoretical work rendering delusions understandable can be translated into treatment; future clinical trials should focus on individual psychotic experiences as outcomes.
Dye-sensitized Solar Cells Using Supramolecular Porphyrin Arrays Inspired by π-Stacking Structures of Photosynthetic Light-harvesting Complexes
Authors: Fujimoto Junko , Manseki Kazuhiro , Miyaji Hidekazu
Published: November 2013

A slipped cofacial π-stacks of bis(4-carboxyphenyl)bis(1-methylimidazol-2-yl)porphyrinatomagnesium complex can be self-assembled onto TiO2 surface as a light-harvesting core. The porphyrin array allows a more favorable light-to-electricity conversion compared to the monomer analogue in dye-sensitized solar cells.
Continuous Porous Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Gels Prepared from a Bicontinuous Microemulsion
Authors: Sakata Kouhei , Taguchi Shun , Uemura Shinobu , Kunitake Masashi , Kawano Shintaro , Nishimi Taisei
Published: November 2013

Continuous porous poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) gels were prepared by radical polymerization in a bicontinuous microemulsion (BME) consisting of saline and toluene microphases. The BME gels demonstrated good thermoresponsive water swelling–shrinking performance, exhibiting high speed and large volume change compared with those of homogeneous pNIPAM gels. The BME gels also exhibited swelling with toluene, while the homogeneous pNIPAM gels could not be swollen with toluene.
Requirements Management As An Essential Ingredient Of Communications Management In the Project
Authors: �����  , Gushchin Aleksandr
Published: November 2013

Special issues of the requirements management process are discussed

based on subject area specialties: from the most formalized (e.g., IT projects),

to the least formalized areas (e.g., design projects). As is shown, the

whole spectrum of apps, related to this subject, can be considered from an

integrated perspective � that is, establishment of effective communication

channel between Customer and Business Analyst (Designer). The features

of communications related to the above-mentioned subject areas are considered

as well as problems of creating such communication channels.
Competitive strategy – a basis for identifying key success factors of meat industry
Authors: Данилова  , Danilova Oksana
Published: November 2013

This article discusses the analysis of external conditions and factors of competitive advantage to identify the key success factors of the meat industry, which are a set of actions to ensure the competitiveness and financial success. To assess the formation of competitive advantages of meat industry, identify their characteristics is not enough statistical data. The objectives of the study was to identify the main areas of investment , relationships with suppliers of raw materials, ways to improve the profitability of the enterprise . The study suggests that the main competitive strategies remains a quality of product . On the basis of this, the pricing and sales policies of the meat industry are based. According to respondents, changes in demand for meat, is equally dependent on the quality of meat products and prices. For sausages the price factor plays a more significant role. The predominant mode of competition in the meat industry is currently the price competition on the basis of cost savings as a competitive advantage .
Algorithm for estimating the biological assets at fair value
Authors: Ситдикова  , Sitdikova Landysh
Published: November 2013

The article deals with the issues, related to the fair value of the biological assets. Biological assets are specific assets of agricultural organizations. They are living organisms, whose distinctive feature is the ability to biotransformation. All of these changes require careful consideration and reflection on the accounts. The question of transition to the fair value of biological assets remains actual, hence the need for significant adjustments of modern accounting is appeared. The developed principles and rules for assessing the biological assets at fair value involve the development of the algorithm for calculating the fair value of biological assets and the results of their biotransformation. The authors proposed an algorithm to calculate the fair value of biological assets and the results of their biotransformation, which involves the following steps: identification the biological assets as the object of accounting in accordance with their classification , specification of biological assets by type, by crop , by species and other distinctive features; to study an active market and collect the information on prices, to collect technical and economic information; the choice a methodology for assessing the biological assets; the calculation the deductible expenses, the fair value of biological assets in accordance with the adopted methodology. This method of determining the fair value will receive the most reliable estimate of the biological assets of which will continue to shape reliable information on the activities of the organization.
Increase of multimodular unit functioning efficiency for agroengineering technologies
Authors: Белова  , Belova Maryana , Зиганшин  , Ziganshin Bulat
Published: November 2013

The article narrates about the laboratory samples using the energy of electromagnetic radiation at different wave lengths . On the basis of these units, a multimodular microwave unit is made, which consists of the generator unit with resonator chambers, chambers and mechanisms for the threading process. One unit is assembled from four removable modules. The first module is designed to defrost the dough and flour products, the second is for the sweat bee-wax, and the third - for the pasteurization of milk, melange and melting out the melted butter; the fourth - to activate the baker’s yeast fermentation process. The main difference between the working units of the aggregate consists of modules and versions of resonator chambers. It was founded the configuration, volume and quality factor of the resonator chambers for the processing of agricultural product, according to the functional purpose of the process and structure of the material providing threading process. Resonator chamber systematized as follows: 1 ) stationary, rotating and moving camera 2) with punching, without perforation through a gap for conveying the product , and 3) the content of delay systems (to equalize the pressure, temperature and humidity throughout the structure material); 4 ) with individual and shared shield frame and etc.
Hiller’s surface form design method
Authors: Зимагулов  , Zimagulov Tagir , Зимагулов  , Zimagulov Anas , Булгариев  , Bulgariev Gumar
Published: November 2013

The article refers to the agricultural engineering and mechanization of agriculture, particularly to methods of ridges forming and designing the shaped work surface of hillers. The aim of the study is to design a working surface form of the hiller’s blade to form an air- permeable crests. This goal is achieved by the development of methods of designing the shaped work surface of the hiller. The article describes the sequence of design the shaped work surface of hiller. At the same time, we took into account the existing design techniques, taking into account the working conditions and terms of agronomic requirements, but also took into account the physical and mechanical properties of the soil, the conditions for the growth and development of the potato (and other cultures). The designed form of the working surface of the hiller’s blade forms an air - permeable crests with the least expenditure of energy and increases the yield by: lifting and crumbling of the soil, moving it up the dump, separation (screening) on a sieve placed between the legs and wings of solid blade, turning the soil to 90 ... 120 degrees, loosening the surface ridges and filling the weeds are in the protection area, the direction of erosive - the dangerous part (forming a crust on the ridges and increases its density) of the soil at the bottom of the furrow .
Crossing – method of increasing the reproductive qualities geese
Authors: Гадиев  , Gadiev Rinat , Галина  , Galina Chulpan
Published: November 2013

The aim of our research was to increase the productive and reproductive qualities of geese breeders by crossing the white Hungarian and Kuban rocks. To achieve this aim, we should solve the following problems: to study the economically advantageous features of geese flocks of different genotypes and to calculate the cost-effectiveness of the research results. Materials and methods. The experiments were carried out in the Limited company “Bashkirskaya ptitsa” of Blagovar district of Bashkortostan in 2009-2012 by geese flocks of white Hungarian, Kuban breeds and their crosses. To study the productive and reproductive qualities of geese flocks we formed four groups of 64 head of adult geese of first year at the rate of 3 to 1 gander goose. The first group was equipped with Hungarian white goose breeds, the second - the Kuban , the third - a cross between those, obtained by crossing the white Hungarian geese ganders with Kuban, and the fourth - a cross between the Kuban gander and white Hungarian geese. The research was carried out for 150 days. The process parameters and feeding of geese corresponded to VNITIP recommendations. According to the research, we found that the geese of III trial group (♂Hungarian × ♀ Kuban) outnumbered white peers of Hungarian breed and other groups in egg production by 9.6 and 2.2%, respectively, with 3.9% yielding Kuban. The highest content of carotinoids, vitamin A and B2 were found in the eggs of hybrid geese of III group, which amounted to, respectively, 16.05 mkg/g, 9.31 and 8.73 mkg/g. The highest number of conditional geese of first category had also cross-bred geese of third experimental group (♂Hungarian × ♀ Kuban) - 1,447 heads or 85.7%, which is 4.3, 5.9 and 2.2 % had more than a white Hungarian, Kuban breeds of geese and other crossbred groups. Output. Thus, due to the high egg production, the quality of hatching eggs and day-old chicks, the breeding of hybrid geese, obtained in crosses with a white Hungarian geese with Kuban rocks, yielded additional revenue of 119,751.7 rubles and increase profitability by 11.91% , compared with the parental forms Kuban breed geese.
Flying features of winged aphids on potato seed plants during 2004-2006
Authors: Замалиева  , Zamalieva Faniya , Прищепенко  , Prishchepenko Elena
Published: November 2013

The most important problem of the introduction of advanced potatoes seed system is to protect against repeated infection the healthy potatoes by viruses in the open field. In our republic the greatest risk to re-infection the healthy potatoes seed is Y - potato virus. The principal vectors of Y – potato virus, developing the largest number, are three types of aphids - buckthorn (Aphis nasturtii), alder (Aphis frangulae) and bean (Aphis fabae). The bean aphid is dominant, in some years its size rises up to 2406 copies. Relatively low coefficient of harmfulness (0.1 equivalent unit), provided the mass settlement on the plants can significantly increase the contamination of potatoes seed. The climatic conditions of the growing season, precipitation, relative humidity, which significantly affect the development and dispersal of aphids on host plants are of great importance.