bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of rapid maxillary expansion on nasal mucociliary clearance
Authors: Babacan Hasan , Doruk Cenk , Uysal Ismail Onder , Yuce Salim
Published: July 2015

Objective: 

To evaluate the changes in nasal mucociliary clearance in orthodontic patients after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) therapy.

Materials and Methods: 

Forty-two children (25 boys and 17 girls) participated in this study. The RME group consisted of 21 patients (mean age, 13.8 years), who had undergone RME at the initiation of orthodontic treatment. The control group consisted of 21 subjects (mean age, 13.6 years), who were attending the department of orthodontics for active orthodontic treatment. The nasal mucociliary clearance was assessed by the saccharin test. Saccharin transit times (STTs) were measured for each treated subject before expansion (T1), after RME (T2), and after a 3-month retention period (T3). Records were obtained at the same time intervals for each group.

Results: 

The STT decreased significantly in the RME group after expansion and retention (P < .05). A statistically significant difference was found when the STTs of the control and RME groups were compared after expansion and retention (P < .05).

Conclusions: 

The STTs of young orthodontic patients with maxillary narrowness and without any history of nasal or systemic disease were within normal limits. However, RME increased the mucociliary clearance in patients who had maxillary narrowness, having positive effects on nasal physiology and increasing nasal cavity volume.
Public Health, Prevention and Health Promotion in Post-Earthquake Nepal
Authors: Simkhada Padam , Van Teijlingen Edwin , Pant Puspa Raj , Sathian Brijesh , Tuladhar Gangalal
Published: July 2015

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v5i2.12826Nepal J Epidemiol. 2015;5(2); 462-464.
Evaluation of female breast cancer risk among the betel quid chewer: A bio-statistical assessment in Assam, India
Authors: Rajbongshi Nijara , Mahanta Lipi B , Nath Dilip C
Published: July 2015

Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among the female population of Assam, India. Chewing of betel quid with or without tobacco is common practice among female population of this region. Moreoverthe method of preparing the betel quid is different from other parts of the country.So matched case control study is conducted to analyse whetherbetel quid chewing plays a significant role in the high incidence of breast cancer occurrences in Assam. Methods and Material: Here, controls are matched to the cases by age at diagnosis (±5 years), family income and place of residence with matching ratio 1:1. Conditional logistic regression models and odd ratios (OR) was used to draw conclusions. Results: It is observed that cases are more habituated to chewing habits than the controls.Further the conditional logistic regression analysis reveals that betel quid chewer faces 2.353 times more risk having breast cancer than the non-chewer with p value 0.0003 (95% CI 1.334-4.150). Conclusion:Though the female population in Assam usually does not smoke, the addictive habits typical to this region have equal effect on the occurrence of breast cancer.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v5i2.12832Nepal J Epidemiol. 2015;5(2); 494-498.
Assemblies and the struggle to diffuse power
Authors: Boni Stefano
Published: July 2015

The article is focused on the practical mechanisms of assembly management in egalitarian settings in a comparative perspective: on the one hand, I examine assemblies in what may be termed classic ethnographic settings (principally East African pastoralists); on the other hand, I turn to meetings in recent social movements (the Occupy movement in the United States and Slovenia; the 15M in Spain; Greece and Bosnia). I have two principal aims. First, I wish to identify and evaluate similarities and differences in the running of meetings with regard to processes of consensus building; the coordination of assemblies through the creation of roles and the menace of leadership; and the management of place, time, and speech. Second, I aim to evaluate current social movements' use of alterpolitics, intended as the practical and imaginary reference to group meetings of the historical, sectarian, or ethnic other.
Zapatista autonomy and the making of alter-native politics
Authors: Melenotte Sabrina
Published: July 2015

Since 1994, the Zapatista political autonomy project has been claiming that “another world is possible”. This experience has influenced many intellectuals of contemporary radical social movements who see in the indigenous organization a new political alter-native. I will first explore some of the current theories on Zapatism and the crossing of some of authors into anarchist thought. The second part of the article draws on an ethnography conducted in the municipality of Chenalhó, in the highlands of Chiapas, to emphasize some of the everyday practices inside the self-proclaimed “autonomous municipality” of Polhó. As opposed to irenic theories on Zapatism, this article describes a peculiar process of autonomy and brings out some contradictions between the political discourse and the day-to-day practices of the autonomous power, focusing on three specific points linked to economic and political constraints in a context of political violence: the economic dependency on humanitarian aid and the “bureaucratic habitus”; the new “autonomous” leadership it involved, between “good government” and “good management”; and the internal divisions due to the return of some displaced members and the exit of international aid.
Urban access
Authors: Ufer Ulrich
Published: July 2015

The global Right to the City network challenges exclusionary effects of neoliberal urbanization by claiming citizens' rights for access to urban space and to the benefits of urban culture. Artists belong to one of the most vulnerable groups in the context of gentrification and urban exclusion. At the same time, their creative and expressive capacities put them in a privileged position to voice protest. Oscillating between counterhegemony, accommodation, and strategic collusion, a group of artist-activists from the city of Hamburg in Germany have been employing the means of empowered symbolism, activist art, and emancipatory knowledge in order to implement an alterpolitics of space. Their occupation of the historic Hamburg Gängeviertel has successfully repoliticized questions over urban use value and urban access, which had been purposefully excluded from the realm of the political in the revanchist, neoliberal city.
Two bullets to the head and an early winter: fate permits Kutuzov to defeat Napoleon at Moscow
Authors: Kushchayev Sergiy V. , Belykh Evgenii , Fishchenko Yakiv , Salei Aliaksei , Teytelboym Oleg M. , Shabaturov Leonid , Cruse Mark , Preul Mark C.
Published: July 2015

General Mikhail Kutuzov (circa 1745–1813) brilliantly repelled Napoleon’s invasion of Russia. Honored as a national hero and a savior of Russia, Kutuzov has a unique medical story. He was shot in the head twice while fighting the Turks (1774 and 1788) and survived the serious injuries seemingly against all odds. The first bullet “ran through the head from one temple to the other behind both eyes.” The second bullet entered the cheek, destroyed upper teeth, traveled through the head, and exited the occiput. Massot, a French surgeon with the Russian army, wrote after treating Kutuzov’s seemingly two mortal wounds: “It must be believed that fate appoints Kutuzov to something great, because he was still alive after two injuries, a death sentence by all the rules of medical science.” Aided by Massot’s expert surgical technique, Kutuzov lived to become intimately engaged in events that altered world history. His health did, however, suffer significant effects due to the bullet wounds. In 1812, as Napoleon’s Grande Armée approached, Kutuzov realized he could not confront Napoleon and he strategically retreated from Moscow, submitting the French to the harsh winter and Russian cavalry. Napoleon’s devastated army retreated to Paris, and Kutuzov became the personification of Russian spirit and character. Kutuzov’s survival of two nearly mortal head wounds created the legends, additional mystery, and drama surrounding him, not the least astonishing of which was the skilled neurosurgical care that probably saved his life.
Famous head injuries of the first aerial war: deaths of the “Knights of the Air”
Authors: Koul Prateeka , Mau Christine , Sabourin Victor M. , Gandhi Chirag D. , Prestigiacomo Charles J.
Published: July 2015

World War I advanced the development of aviation from the concept of flight to the use of aircraft on the battlefield. Fighter planes advanced technologically as the war progressed. Fighter pilot aces Francesco Baracca and Manfred von Richthofen (the Red Baron) were two of the most famous pilots of this time period. These courageous fighter aces skillfully maneuvered their SPAD and Albatros planes, respectively, while battling enemies and scoring aerial victories that contributed to the course of the war. The media thrilled the public with their depictions of the heroic feats of fighter pilots such as Baracca and the Red Baron. Despite their aerial prowess, both pilots would eventually be shot down in combat. Although the accounts of their deaths are debated, it is undeniable that both were victims of traumatic head injury.
Woodrow Wilson’s hidden stroke of 1919: the impact of patient-physician confidentiality on United States foreign policy
Authors: Menger Richard P. , Storey Christopher M. , Guthikonda Bharat , Missios Symeon , Nanda Anil , Cooper John M.
Published: July 2015

World War I catapulted the United States from traditional isolationism to international involvement in a major European conflict. Woodrow Wilson envisaged a permanent American imprint on democracy in world affairs through participation in the League of Nations. Amid these defining events, Wilson suffered a major ischemic stroke on October 2, 1919, which left him incapacitated. What was probably his fourth and most devastating stroke was diagnosed and treated by his friend and personal physician, Admiral Cary Grayson. Grayson, who had tremendous personal and professional loyalty to Wilson, kept the severity of the stroke hidden from Congress, the American people, and even the president himself. During a cabinet briefing, Grayson formally refused to sign a document of disability and was reluctant to address the subject of presidential succession. Wilson was essentially incapacitated and hemiplegic, yet he remained an active president and all messages were relayed directly through his wife, Edith. Patient-physician confidentiality superseded national security amid the backdrop of friendship and political power on the eve of a pivotal juncture in the history of American foreign policy.

It was in part because of the absence of Woodrow Wilson’s vocal and unwavering support that the United States did not join the League of Nations and distanced itself from the international stage. The League of Nations would later prove powerless without American support and was unable to thwart the rise and advance of Adolf Hitler. Only after World War II did the United States assume its global leadership role and realize Wilson’s visionary, yet contentious, groundwork for a Pax Americana.

The authors describe Woodrow Wilson’s stroke, the historical implications of his health decline, and its impact on United States foreign policy.
Contralateral approach for clipping of bilateral anterior circulation aneurysms
Authors: Caplan Justin M. , Sankey Eric , Gullotti David , Wang Joanna , Westbroek Erick , Hwang Brian , Huang Judy
Published: July 2015

Patients with bilateral anterior circulation aneurysms present a management challenge. These lesions may be treated in a staged manner or alternatively, for select patients, a contralateral approach may be utilized to treat bilateral aneurysms with a single surgery. In this narrated video illustration, we present the case of a 57-year-old woman with incidentally discovered bilateral aneurysms (left middle cerebral artery [MCA], left anterior choroidal artery and right MCA). A contralateral approach through a left pterional craniotomy was performed formicrosurgical clipping of all three aneurysms. The techniques of pterional craniotomy, contralateral approach, microsurgical clipping and intraoperative angiography are reviewed.

The authors are grateful to Wuyang Yang, M.D. for his assistance.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/MlPIu3hQZkg.
Microsurgical clip reconstruction techniques for aneurysms with significant calcified neck
Authors: H.Turkmani Ali , Day Arthur L. , Kim Dong H. , Chen Peng Roc
Published: July 2015

A common surgical complication of clipping aneurysms with a calcified neck is the calcified atheroma compromising the parent arteries after clipping the neck. Clips can slip downward at the calcified neck or cause calcified atheroma encroaching the parent arteries. This video demonstrates a reconstructive clip technique to avoid these issues. A fenes-trated clip is placed first to reconstruct the distal parent artery-aneurysm neck with the fenestrated ring over the thickest calcification. Then, a straight clip reconstructs the proximal artery-aneurysm junction, leaving the thickest point of calcified walls pinching together by themselves to achieve aneurysm occlusion while preserving the parent arteries.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/9CM3o5_qlNQ.
Anti-diabetic activity of crude Pistacia lentiscus in alloxan-induced diabetes in rats
Authors: Saad Ur Rehman Muhammad , Hafeez Kamran Sairah , Ahmad Mobasher , Akhtar Usman
Published: July 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-diabetic effect of crude Pistacia lentiscus gum (mastic gum) in alloxan-treated diabetic rat model. The crude P. lentiscus (100 mg/kg) showed significant (p<0.001) reduction in blood glucose as compared to control. Liver function test also showed significant changes (p<0.001) as compared to alloxan-treated group. The results of this study showed that crude P. lentiscus gum have considerable efficacy in curing diabetes and have hepatoprotective effect.   

 
Pharmacologically mechanistic basis for the traditional uses of Rumex acetosa in gut motility disorders and emesis
Authors: Hussain Musaddique , Raza Shahid Masood , Janbaz Khalid Hussain
Published: July 2015

In vitro and in vivo studies were undertaken to evaluate the pharmacologically mechanistic background to validate the traditional uses of Rumex acetosa in the treatment of emesis and gastrointestinal motility disorders such as constipation and diarrhea. In rabbit jejunum preparation, methanolic extract of R. acetosa (0.01-1.0 mg/mL) caused a transient spasmogenic effect, followed by the spasmolytic effect (3-10 mg/mL). In presence of atropine, spasmogenic effect was blocked while spasmolytic effect was emerged, suggesting that spasmogenic effect was mediated through activation of muscarinic receptors. Extract inhibited the K+ (80 mM)-induced contraction, suggesting Ca2+-cha-nnel blockade, which was further confirmed when pretreatment of tissue with extract shifted the Ca2+ concentration-response curves to the right, similarly as verapamil. R. acetosa also exhibited the significant antiemetic activity (p<0.05) against different emetogenic stimuli, when compared with chlorpromazine. This study confirms the presence of gut modulator (spasmogenic and spasmolytic) and antiemetic activates, validating its traditional uses.

 
Numerical study of magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convection flow in a lid-driven triangular cavity
Authors: Uddin Mohammed Nasir , Farhana Aki , Alim Md. Abdul
Published: July 2015

In the present paper, the effect of magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) on mixed convection flow within a lid-driven triangular cavity has been numerically investigated. The bottom wall of the cavity is considered as heated. Besides, the left and the inclined wall of the triangular cavity are assumed to be cool and adiabatic. The cooled wall of the cavity is moving up in the vertical direction. The developed mathematical model is governed by the coupled equations of continuity, momentum and energy to determine the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics in the cavity as a function of Rayleigh number, Hartmann number and the cavity aspect ratio. The present numerical procedure adopted in this investigation yields consistent performance over a wide range of parameters Rayleigh number Ra (103-104), Prandtl number Pr (0.7 - 3) and Hartmann number Ha (5 - 50). The numerical results are presented in terms of stream functions, temperature profile and Nussult numbers. It is found that the streamlines, isotherms, average Nusselt number, average fluid bulk temperature and dimensionless temperature in the cavity strongly depend on the Rayleigh number, Hartmann number and Prandtl number.
Prediction of unsteady mixed convection over circular cylinder in the presence of nanofluid- A comparative study of ANN and GEP
Authors: Dey Parsenjit , Sarkar Abhijit , Das Ajoy Kumar
Published: July 2015

Heat transfer due to forced convection of copper water based nanofluid in the presence of buoyancy has been predicted by the Artificial Neural network (ANN) Gene Expression Programming (GEP). The present nanofluid is formed by mixing copper nano particles in water and the volume fractions are considered here are 0% to 15% and the Reynolds number are varying from 80 to 180. The buoyancy effect is done by introducing Richardson number (Ri) as 1 and -1. The back propagation algorithm is used to train the network. The present ANN and GEP models are trained by the input and output data which has been obtained from the numerical simulation, performed in finite volume based Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) commercial software Fluent. The numerical simulation based results are compared with the back propagation based ANN and GEP results. It is found that the mixed convection heat transfer of water based nanofluid can be predicted correctly by both ANN and GEP  but GEP is found more efficient. It is also observed that the back propagation ANN and GEP both can predict the heat transfer characteristics of nanofluid very quickly compared to standard CFD method.
Moisture Performance of Energy-Efficient and Conventional Wood-Frame Wall Assemblies in a Mixed-Humid Climate
Authors: Glass Samuel , Kochkin Vladimir , Drumheller S. , Barta Lance
Published: July 2015

Long-term moisture performance is a critical consideration for design and construction of building envelopes in energy-efficient buildings, yet field measurements of moisture characteristics for highly insulated wood-frame walls in mixed-humid climates are lacking. Temperature, relative humidity, and moisture content of wood framing and oriented strand board (OSB) structural panel sheathing were measured over a period from mid-November 2011 through March 2013 in both north- and south-facing orientations in test structures near Washington, DC, USA. Wall configurations varied in exterior cladding, water-resistive barrier, level of cavity insulation, presence of exterior continuous insulation, and interior vapor retarder. The combination of high interior humidity and high vapor permeance of painted gypsum board led to significant moisture accumulation in OSB sheathing during winter in walls without a vapor retarder. In contrast, wintertime moisture accumulation was not significant with an interior kraft vapor retarder. Extruded polystyrene exterior insulation had a predictable effect on wall cavity temperature but a marginal impact on OSB moisture content in walls with vinyl siding and interior kraft vapor retarder. Hygrothermal simulations approximately captured the timing of seasonal changes in OSB moisture content, differences between north- and south-facing walls, and differences between walls with and without an interior kraft vapor retarder.
Effect of Recycle Solvent Hydrotreatment on Oil Yield of Direct Coal Liquefaction
Authors: Gao Shansong , Zhang Dexiang , Li Kejian
Published: July 2015

Effects of the recycle solvent hydrotreatment on oil yield of direct coal liquefaction were carried out in the 0.18 t/day direct coal liquefaction bench support unit of National Engineering Laboratory for Direct Coal Liquefaction (China). Results showed that the hydrogen-donating ability of the hydrogenated recycle solvent improved and the hydrogen consumption of solvent hydrotreatment was increased by decreasing liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) from 1.5 to 1.0 h−1 and increasing reaction pressure from 13.7 to 19.0 MPa. The hydrogen-donating ability of the hydrogenated recycle solvent was enhanced, thus promoting the oil yield and coal conversion of the liquefaction reaction. The coal conversion and distillates yield of coal liquefaction were increased from 88.74% to 88.82% and from 47.41% to 49.10%, respectively, with the increase in the solvent hydrotreatment pressure from 13.7 to 19.0 MPa. The coal conversion and distillates of coal liquefaction were increased from 88.82% to 89.27% and from 49.10% to 54.49%, respectively, when the LHSV decreased from 1.5 to 1.0 h−1 under the solvent hydrotreatment pressure of 19.0 MPa.
Studies on Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Five Thymus vulgaris L. Essential Oils
Authors: Mancini Emilia , Senatore Federica , Del Monte Donato , De Martino Laura , Grulova Daniela , Scognamiglio Mariarosa , Snoussi Mejdi , De Feo Vincenzo
Published: July 2015

This study is aimed at assessing the essential oil composition, total phenolic content, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Thymus vulgaris collected in five different area of the Campania Region, Southern Italy. The chemical composition of the essential oils was studied by GC-flame ionization detector (FID) and GC/MS; the biological activities were evaluated through determination of MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and evaluation of antioxidant activity. In total, 134 compounds were identified. The oils were mainly composed of phenolic compounds, and all oils belonged to the chemotype thymol. The antimicrobial activity of the five oils was assayed against ten bacterial strains. The oils showed different inhibitory activity against some Gram-positive pathogens. The total phenol content in the essential oils ranged from 77.6–165.1 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g. The results reported here may help to shed light on the complex chemotaxonomy of the genus Thymus. These oils could be used in many fields as natural preservatives of food and as nutraceuticals.
Synthesis of Novel 1-(4-Substituted pyridine-3-sulfonyl)-3-phenylureas with Potential Anticancer Activity
Authors: Szafrański Krzysztof , Sławiński Jarosław
Published: July 2015

A series of novel 4-substituted-N-(phenylcarbamoyl)-3-pyridinesulfonamides 11–27 have been synthesized by the reaction of 4-substituted pyridine-3-sulfonamides 2–10 with the appropriate aryl isocyanates in presence of potassium carbonate. The in vitro anticancer activity of compounds 11, 12, 14–21 and 24–26 was evaluated at the U.S. National Cancer Institute and in light of the results, some structure-activity relationships were discussed. The most prominent compound, N-[(4-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl]-4-[4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]pyridine-3-sulfonamide (21) has exhibited a good activity profile and selectivity toward the subpanels of leukemia, colon cancer and melanoma, with average GI50 values ranging from 13.6 to 14.9 µM.
Dietary Fiber Intake is Associated with Increased Colonic Mucosal GPR43+ Polymorphonuclear Infiltration in Active Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Zhao Mingli , Zhu Weiming , Gong Jianfeng , Zuo Lugen , Zhao Jie , Sun Jing , Li Ning , Li Jieshou
Published: July 2015

G protein-coupled receptor 43/free fatty acid receptor 2 (GPR43/FFAR2) is essential for polymorphonuclear (PMN) recruitment. We investigated the expression of GPR43/FFAR2 in the colon from Crohn’s disease patients and whether dietary fiber in enteral nutrition increases GPR43+ polymorphonuclear infiltration in mucosa. Segments of ascending colon and white blood cells from peripheral blood were obtained from 46 Crohn’s disease patients and 10 colon cancer patients. The Crohn’s disease patients were grouped by the activity of disease (active or remission) and enteral nutrition with or without dietary fiber. Histological feature, expression and location of GPR43/FFAR2 and level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukine-6 (IL-6) and myeloperoxidase were assessed. The results of hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemistry staining revealed that the infiltration of immune cells, including GPR43+ PMN, was more severe in active Crohn’s disease patients who consumed normal food or enteral nutrition with dietary fiber than in remission patients and colon cancer patients. This finding was supported by the results of GPR43 and myeloperoxidase expression. Active Crohn’s disease (CD) patients who consumed enteral nutrition without dietary fiber exhibited severe immune cell infiltration similar to the other active CD patients, but GPR43+ PMNs were rarely observed. The level of TNF-α mRNA in active Crohn’s disease patients was higher than those of the other patients. In conclusion, the use of dietary fiber in enteral nutrition by active Crohn’s disease patients might increase GPR43+ PMNs infiltration in colon mucosa. This effect was not observed in Crohn’s disease patients in remission.
Assigning Main Orientation to an EOH Descriptor on Multispectral Images
Authors: Li Yong , Shi Xiang , Wei Lijun , Zou Junwei , Chen Fang
Published: July 2015

This paper proposes an approach to compute an EOH (edge-oriented histogram) descriptor with main orientation. EOH has a better matching ability than SIFT (scale-invariant feature transform) on multispectral images, but does not assign a main orientation to keypoints. Alternatively, it tends to assign the same main orientation to every keypoint, e.g., zero degrees. This limits EOH to matching keypoints between images of translation misalignment only. Observing this limitation, we propose assigning to keypoints the main orientation that is computed with PIIFD (partial intensity invariant feature descriptor). In the proposed method, SIFT keypoints are detected from images as the extrema of difference of Gaussians, and every keypoint is assigned to the main orientation computed with PIIFD. Then, EOH is computed for every keypoint with respect to its main orientation. In addition, an implementation variant is proposed for fast computation of the EOH descriptor. Experimental results show that the proposed approach performs more robustly than the original EOH on image pairs that have a rotation misalignment.
Biomass Resources Distribution in the Terrestrial Ecosystem of China
Authors: Li Na , Xie Gaodi , Zhang Changshun , Xiao Yu , Zhang Biao , Chen Wenhui , Sun Yanzhi , Wang Shuo
Published: July 2015

In this study, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data and the multiple linear regression model were used to estimate distribution of biomass resources in 2010. The establishment of models, developed using different vegetation biomass sample data, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), leaf area index (LAI), meteorological data, coordinates, terrain data, and statistical data. Results based on a cross-validation approach show that the model can explain 95.6% of the variance in biomass, with a relative estimation error of 67 g·m−2 for a range of biomass between 0–73,875 g·m−2. Spatial statistic results were consistent with the practical condition in most cases. The above- and below-ground biomass (ABGB) of China was estimated to be 31.1 Pg (1 Pg = 1015 g) in 2010. The forest ecosystem has the largest total biomass, which represents about 70% of the whole terrestrial ecosystem. The desert ecosystem has minimum biomass value. The Belowground Endowment (BRE) varied differently in spatial distribution, with the high values occurring in the southeast and northeast. The low values were primarily distributed in north and northwest regions, where it is mostly desert and few plants. Biomass per capita indicates the availability of natural resources per capita. Tibet had the maximum biomass per capita (807 tone in 2010). Shanghai and Tianjin had the minimum biomass per capita, less than 500 kg. Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Beijing, and Hainan had negative growth of biomass per capita.
Performance of a Rain Barrel Sharing Network under Climate Change
Authors: Noh Seong , Chung Eun-Sung , Seo Yongwon
Published: July 2015

Rain barrels can be technically shared through social practices or mutual agreement between individual households. This study proposes the evaluation system for a rain barrel sharing network (RBSN) considering three performance criteria of reliability, resiliency, and vulnerability, under plausible climate change scenarios. First, this study shows how the system can be improved in terms of the performance criteria using historical daily rainfall data based on the storage-reliability-yield relationship. This study then examined how the benefits from RBSN are affected by climate change after 100 years. Three climate change scenarios (A1B, A2 and B2) and three global circulation models were used for this purpose. The results showed that the reliability and vulnerability are improved due to sharing and their improvements become larger under climate change conditions. In contrast, the resiliency reduces slightly due to sharing and its reduction is attenuated under climate change conditions. In particular, vulnerability will be reduced significantly under climate change. These results suggest that the sharing of various water resources systems can be an effective climate change adaptation strategy that reduces vulnerability and increases the reliability of the system.
Quality of Sexual Life in Women with Primary Sjögren Syndrome
Authors: Priori Roberta , Minniti Antonina , Derme Martina , Antonazzo Barbara , Brancatisano Filippo , Ghirini Silvia , Valesini Guido , Framarino-dei-Malatesta Marialuisa
Published: July 2015

Objective.

To assess the quality of sexual life of women with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) and to identify its correlations with disease activity and damage, quality of life, and mood disorders.

Methods.

The quality of sexual life of 24 women with pSS was assessed with the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Twenty-four healthy women, matched by age and hormonal status, were enrolled as controls. Mood disorders and quality of life were investigated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36. Patients underwent a gynecological visit with vaginal pH measurement, cervicovaginal swabs, and Pap smears. Disease activity and damage were assessed by the European League Against Rheumatism Sjögren syndrome disease activity and damage indexes.

Results.

Patients with pSS showed a pathological mean FSFI score (19.1 ± 7.33) significantly different from controls (p = 0.004), both in menstruating women (p = 0.006) and in menopausal women (p = 0.03). Major differences between the 2 groups were detected in dyspareunia (p < 0.005), lubrication (p = 0.006), desire (p = 0.004), and arousal (p = 0.018). The FSFI score was inversely correlated with age (p = 0.008) and anxiety HADS (p = 0.031). No early anatomical changes, swabs, and Pap smear alterations were revealed in patients with pSS; however, vaginal pH was higher than normal in premenopausal patients (6.0 ± 0.77).

Conclusion.

Both premenopausal and postmenopausal women with pSS have a worse sexual quality of life. We reported a greater prevalence of dyspareunia that is statistically significant when compared with controls. The FSFI could be a useful tool to assess this topic, but has been neglected in the care of patients with pSS heretofore.
Development of Image Overlay and Knowledge Transfer Module Technologies Aimed at Enhancing Feasibility and External Validation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging-based Scoring Systems
Authors: Jaremko Jacob L. , Pitts Meaghan , Maksymowych Walter P. , Lambert Robert G.
Published: July 2015

Objective.

Semiquantitative arthritis scoring assesses disease burden by scoring presence/extent of features such as bone marrow lesion (BML) or effusion in multiple anatomic regions at a joint. An image overlay clarifying region borders may enhance feasibility and reliability of these scoring systems. To be scalable for use in large clinical trials, systematic computer-based user training is desirable. We developed an overlay and user training module for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based scoring of hip osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods.

We designed a semitransparent 2-dimensional image overlay applied to individual MRI slices to facilitate hip OA scoring [HIMRISS (Hip Inflammation MRI Scoring System)], initially using freeware and then in a customized HTML Web browser environment. We developed a systematic knowledge translation package including instructional presentation, fully scored expert consensus cases, and video tutorials for training in the use of these scoring systems with the overlays. Three musculoskeletal radiologists who had not used this scoring system before each performed a scoring exercise with no overlay, then repeated this with overlays after completing the training module. Based on postexercise interviews and a reader survey, we identified and corrected problems in the module. The entire training process was then repeated using 3 new readers.

Results.

Overlays were considered useful, particularly when integrated into a Web browser. The knowledge translation module was considered conceptually valuable, but as initially implemented was too lengthy and not sufficiently interactive.

Conclusion.

Semitransparent image overlays and standardized knowledge translation modules for reader training show promise to facilitate reader calibration using MRI-based scoring systems. Based on our experience, knowledge translation modules should emphasize close feedback evaluating performance and reader time efficiency.
El filósofo como heredero de los profetas: el racionalismo islámico de Averroes
Authors: Sarrió Diego R.
Published: July 2015

El presente artículo argumenta que por debajo del marco jurídico del Faṣl al-maqāl subyace el deseo de conciliar los requerimientos de la razón con las exigencias de la fe. Averroes basa tal conciliación en la aceptación de una teoría hermenéutica según la cual, la Palabra Divina se dirige a cada ser humano según su capacidad intelectual. Por consiguiente, Averroes no excluye a los sabios del deber religioso de asentir a la verdad revelada. Contrariamente a interpretaciones exageradamente secularizadoras de su racionalismo, el artículo sugiere que Averroes concibió la filosofía en términos cuasi religiosos, como la obra más noble que se puede llevar a cabo en presencia de Dios, cuyo ejercicio convierte a sus practicantes en los legítimos «herederos de los profetas».
Acuñaciones monetarias de al-Andalus en la primera mitad del siglo V/XI: fin de un modelo, consolidación de las emisiones regionales
Authors: López Martínez de Marigorta Eneko
Published: July 2015

En la primera mitad del siglo V/XI, el modelo de acuñación califal de la centuria anterior fue paulatinamente modificado, hasta crear un sistema monetario muy distinto. Mientras que en el siglo IV/X existía una producción regular de dinares y dirhams desde la ceca al-Andalus, hacia mediados de la centuria siguiente las cecas se habían multiplicado y cada poder regional poseía su propio modelo de emisión. Asimismo, había acaecido una profunda bajada de la ley de las monedas áureas y argentíferas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar un análisis comparativo de las emisiones monetarias que las dinastías de al-Andalus desarrollaron en la primera mitad del siglo V/XI, para poder establecer las fases cronológicas que marcan el paso de un modelo de acuñación a otros.
Percepções da presa
Authors: Willerslev Rane
Published: July 2015

Para os Yukaghirs da Sibéria, a presa é vista como uma amante que precisa se “entregar” ao caçador, demonstrando desejo sexual por ele. Consequentemente, o caçador busca seduzir a presa transformando seu corpo na imagem dela. Contudo, esse empreendimento é arriscado e pode resultar na perda de sua aderência à espécie original. Por essa razão, dentro do acampamento humano, o processo de caçar é oposto por um contraprocesso, implicando o esforço do caçador em sanear a alteridade do seu eu e reconstruir sua pessoalidade humana. Ainda assim, o caçador não é apenas ele mesmo, uma vez que ele acredita ser a encarnação de um parente morto. O ponto que desejo ressaltar é que a estabilidade do eu ou da pessoa é, na verdade, impossível de se manter entre os Yukaghirs, onde ninguém é apenas ele mesmo, mas sempre alguém mais.
A onça-pintada e o gado branco
Authors: Süssekind Felipe
Published: July 2015

O presente artigo investiga os desdobramentos das atividades de um projeto científico desenvolvido em uma fazenda de gado no Pantanal do Mato Grosso do Sul, voltado para a conservação da onça-pintada. A principal atividade econômica da região é a criação de gado e, na tradição local, a onça tem sido vista ora como uma ameaça, ora como uma peste a ser eliminada, ora como símbolo de coragem e status. No passado, era comum que as fazendas do Pantanal empregassem caçadores com cães treinados para perseguirem e eliminarem os animais que atacassem a criação. Nos dias de hoje, porém, a onça adquiriu novos papéis com o desenvolvimento do ambientalismo e a entrada em cena do turismo ecológico na região, quando os safáris fotográficos começaram a substituir as antigas caçadas. Nesse contexto, antigos caçadores são contratados por pesquisadores e entidades ambientalistas para a captura e a colocação de coleiras de rádio nos felinos, com a finalidade de estudá-los.
Outra espécie de companhia
Authors: Sá Guilherme
Published: July 2015

Este artigo aborda um fenômeno bastante específico da relação entre etólogos e animais: a intersubjetividade. As histórias aqui apresentadas são egressas de bibliografia produzida por primatólogos. Este tipo de literatura expõe de forma memorial as relações estabelecidas entre primatólogos, durante o trabalho de campo, e seus objetos-sujeitos primatas. Explorando o conceito de intersubjetividade entre diferentes espécies (humanos e não humanos),pretende-se chamar a atenção para elementos de afecção, transformação e inadequação que compõem essas narrativas.
“Parentes diferentes”
Authors: Pimenta José
Published: July 2015

Após algumas reflexões sobre a antropologia em áreas de fronteira e uma breve caracterização da fronteira Brasil-Peru na região do Alto Juruá, este artigo aborda as relações entre os Ashaninka da aldeia Apiwtxa (Brasil) e os Ashaninka da Comunidade Nativa de Sawawo (Peru), duas comunidades vizinhas situadas no rio Amônia, um afluente do Juruá. Ele apresenta a concepção que os Ashaninka de Apiwtxa desenvolveram sobre a fronteira internacional e suas noções de identidade étnica e nacionalidade. Procura-se mostrar que o entendimento das dinâmicas identitárias contemporâneas nessa região de fronteira não pode ser desvinculado de seu contexto histórico mais amplo, ou seja, da situação política e econômica diferenciada que tem sido vivenciada pelas duas aldeias ashaninkas, caracterizadas por modelos de desenvolvimento e políticas indigenistas distintas e, em grande medida, opostas.
Eva Maria de Jesus (tia Eva)
Authors: Santos Carlos Alexandre B. Plínio dos
Published: July 2015

Por meio das memórias dos idosos da comunidade negra Tia Eva, localizada em Campo Grande/MS, procuro, no presente artigo, apresentar a trajetória de vida da ex-escrava Eva Maria de Jesus (tia Eva) e, como consequência, a história da formação dessa comunidade. A memória sobre tia Eva também revelou as interações que ocorreram entre ex-escravos da região Sul de Mato Grosso (atual Mato Grosso do Sul) e ex-escravos migrantes das fazendas escravocratas do Triângulo Mineiro e do sul do estado de Goiás. Essas interações provocaram o nascimento do que denomino de “Irmandade” (categoria nativa), que uniu seus membros com o objetivo comum de realizar o projeto camponês e que pode ser resumido na tríade terra, família e trabalho. Procuro evidenciar também que os membros da Irmandade formaram intrínsecas ligações (políticas, socioeconômicas e culturais) que denominei de rede-irmandade. O foco dessa rede era o de ajuda e apoio mútuos, além da preservação e do acesso a terra, ou seja, o projeto de reprodução social camponês. Esse projeto, além de ter estabelecido os vínculos de uma Irmandade formada por ex-escravos, direcionou a vida da ex-escrava Eva Maria de Jesus (tia Eva).
Imigração e cozinha italiana na cidade de São Paulo
Authors: Collaço Janine Helfst Leicht
Published: July 2015

Este texto é derivado de uma pesquisa que aborda a cozinha como um modelo capaz de expor relações sociais e construção de identidades. Tomando dados da pesquisa de campo realizada, a cozinha e as memórias de imigração permitiram pensar aspectos dessa experiência imigratória. O grupo focado foi o dos italianos e seus descendentes que tiveram ligações com restaurantes de cozinha italiana existentes há mais de 50 anos na cidade de São Paulo, tentando mostrar algumas dinâmicas do processo de seleção e descarte operado no sentido de ressaltar uma identidade que não se valeu somente da ideia de nação, mas estabeleceu uma profunda relação com o local. A partir de duas noções, fartura e distinção, foram tratadas algumas disputas em torno de diferentes italianidades, evidenciando perspectivas variadas em relação à imigração e à vivência desse processo. Nesse sentido, entre os vários caminhos possíveis, este texto trata brevemente da maneira pela qual essas duas noções criaram variadas perspectivas da experiência imigratória, com visíveis desdobramentos no espaço urbano e na construção de um imaginário local em que a imigração é parte fundamental da história da cidade. This text results from a research on cuisine as a model for social relationships and identity construction. Empirical data show that cuisine and immigration memories allow us to thing about the migratory experience. The research focused on a group of Italians and their descendants who have managed restaurants of Italian cuisine for over fifty years in the city of São Paulo. The article attempts to show some dynamic aspects of the selection and discarding process of emphasizing their identity, using not only the idea of nation, but also a profound connection to locality. Two notions - abundance and distinction - were the starting point to deal with some discussions about different ways of being Italian, thus revealing different perspectives regarding immigration and living experience of it. Among various possibilities, this text presents a brief account of the way in which these two notions have produced different outlooks on the immigration experience and their spin-offs in the urban space and in the construction of a local imagination where immigration is a crucial part of the city’s history.
Alteridades (in)corporadas:notas sobre a chefia ye’kuana
Authors: Andrade Karenina Vieira
Published: July 2015

Partindo da análise de um processo de cisão de aldeia e transmissão da chefia, este artigo propõe-se a refletir sobre aspectos da estrutura política ye’kuana através do exame da categoria ädhaajä, que designa o chefe político da aldeia, mas também os mestres de outros seres não-humanos que povoam o cosmos. A relação entre os chefes-mestres, mediada pelos xamãs, revela importantes aspectos não apenas sobre o regime de alteridade ye’kuana, mas sobre a composição interna do grupo e o que ela mobiliza em termos sociocosmológicos.
Os Avá-Canoeiro do Araguaia e o tempo do cativeiro
Authors: Rodrigues Patrícia de Mendonça
Published: July 2015

Depois de décadas de massacres e fuga dos colonizadores em condições desumanas, um grupo de dez sobreviventes dos Avá-Canoeiro do Araguaia foi capturado por uma violenta Frente de Atração da FUNAI em 1973 e 1974. Dois anos depois, com o grupo reduzido à metade, os Avá-Canoeiro foram transferidos compulsoriamente para a aldeiaCanoanã, dos Javaé, com quem disputaram um mesmo território por mais de cem anos, em um contexto de enfrentamentos e inúmeras mortes recíprocas. Embora tenham sido aprisionados por agentes do Estado, os Avá-Canoeiro foram recebidos por seus antigos adversários como perdedores de guerra e incorporados a uma posição subalterna de inferioridade social, sofrendo desde então severa marginalização socioeconômica, política e cultural nas aldeias javaé.Depois de 40 anos do traumático evento da captura, os atuais 21 Avá-Canoeiro ainda residem na “aldeia dos inimigos” como cativos de guerra, à espera do retorno a uma terra própria. A precipitada ação estatal beneficiou unicamente o interesse dos grandes grupos econômicos que se instalaram nas terras ocupadas tradicionalmente pelos dois grupos indígenas. Apesar de todo o histórico de opressão, os Avá-Canoeiro têm demonstrado uma extraordinária capacidade de resiliência física e cultural.
De la invisibilización a la construcción como sujetos sociales: el pueblo indígena Mapuche y sus movimentos en Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Valverde Sebastián
Published: July 2015

En Argentina, al igual que en el conjunto de América Latina, en las últimas décadas se ha dado un creciente proceso de conformación de los pueblos indígenas como sujetos sociales y políticos a través de diversos movimientos étnicos. Esto ha generado profundos cambios en diversos órdenes, precisamente en uno de los países de la región que más ha negado la presencia indígena en la composición nacional. Uno de los pueblos originarios que ha sido pionero en la génesis de estas organizaciones, y hoy posee un destacado nivel organizativo, es el pueblo Mapuche, asentado en el sur del país en la zona Norte de la Patagonia. En este artículo nos proponemos dar cuenta del proceso de desarrollo y consolidación de los movimientos de este pueblo en las últimas décadas, repasando los hitos más sobresalientes ligados a tal crecimiento.
Da periferia ao centro, cá e lá: seguindo trajetos, construindo circuitos
Authors: Magnani José Guilherme Cantor
Published: July 2015

Tendo como pano de fundo os inícios da Antropologia Urbana no Brasil, com ênfase em duas instituições, a Escola Livre de Sociologia e Politica e o Departamento de Ciências Sociais da USP, o artigo apresenta as categorias de análise desenvolvidas pelo Núcleo de Antropologia Urbana, em sua proposta “de perto e de dentro” como estratégia para lidar com a diversidade da dinâmica urbana das grandes metrópoles sem cair na “tentação da aldeia”, isto é, a multiplicação de estudos de caso. A utilização dessas categorias a dois recortes etnográficos – o “mundo” dos surdos na cidade de São Paulo e o circuito dos Sateré-Mawé, na região de Manaus e cidades do baixo Amazonas – como tentativa de testar sua aplicabilidade em novos contextos, levanta a questão da dicotomia “antropologia da ou na cidade”, cuja proposta de superação é discutida no final do artigo.
O Barata Ribeiro 200 com pós-escrito de Yvonne Maggie e comentários de Anthony Leeds
Authors: Velho Gilberto , Maggie Yvonne
Published: July 2015

Trata-se de uma etnografia da vida dos moradores de um prédio em Copacabana. Realizado em 1970 como trabalho final do curso Antropologia urbana curso Antropologia urbana no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia social do Museu Nacional da UFRJ. O curso foi ministrado pelo professor Anthony Leeds. O artigo descreve a vida e as representações dos moradores do edifício Barata Ribeiro 200 e aponta para as principais hipóteses e conclusões que serão desenvolvidas por Gilberto Velho no seu clássico A utopia urbana e na sua obra posterior. Gilberto Velho e Yvonne Maggie, na época casados, fizeram um trabalho de campo pioneiro ao vivenciarem o dia a dia dos moradores do prédio de apartamentos conjugados, ao mesmo tempo em que residiam em um edifício semelhante em outra rua do mesmo bairro. O artigo conta com um pós-escrito de 2013 de Yvonne Maggie e ainda traz as observações do professor Anthony Leeds ao trabalho e ao casal de jovens antropólogos de 1970.