bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluación de las propiedades mecánicas y capacidad autolimpiable del mortero c/a 1:5 de cemento portland tipo I modificado con dióxido de titanio (TIO2), en la ciudad de Lima
Authors:   , Bernuy Chavez Giancarlo Orlando , Flores Cortez Howard Hans
Published: November 2021

El deterioro de las construcciones realizadas a base de cemento, producido en gran medida, por la exposición de estas a la emisión de gases tóxicos emanados por el creciente parque automotor hace que se busquen alternativas a fin de contrarrestar su efecto sobre los elementos más expuestos. Un nuevo método para afrontar este problema es la incorporación del fotocatalizador dióxido de titanio TiO2 capaz de desarrollar propiedades controladas por la luz solar como son la purificación del aire y la autolimpieza. Este trabajo busca introducir este componente orgánico al mortero de cemento usado para el tarrajeo de fachadas y elementos estructurales, para ello se adicionan diferentes porcentajes (5%,7.5% y 10%) de dióxido de titanio (TiO2) y se evalúan las propiedades de los morteros modificados haciendo uso de [1] para los ensayos de compresión, [2] para los ensayos de fluidez, [3]para los ensayos de absorción y [4] para los ensayos de actividad fotocatalítica. Este estudio concluye que el mejor porcentaje de adición de dióxido de titanio es de 5% con el cual se otorga al mortero de cemento la propiedad de autolimpieza sin perjudicar sustancialmente sus propiedades mecánicas.
Ammonia CI engine aftertreatment systems design and flow simulation
Authors: Kuta Kacper , Nadimi Ebrahim , Przybyła Grzegorz , Żmudka Zbigniew , Adamczyk Wojciech
Published: November 2021

Investigation of exhaust emissions and ammonia flow behavior in the exhaust system incorporating with Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) unit is discussed. An aftertreatment system is designed to work without additional urea injection to improve feasible temperature of operating and reduce size. This study is focused on obtaining optimal parameters for catalysis using gaseus ammonia as reducing agent. Its effectiveness is considered as a function of basic parameters of exhaust gases mixture and SCR material characteristics. A 3D geometry of SCR with porous volume has been simulated using Ansys Fluent. Moreover, a 1D model of ammonia dual-fuel CI engine has been obtained. Results were focused on obtaining local temperature, velocity, and exhaust gases composition to predict optimal probes placement, pipes insulation parameters, and characteristic dimensions.
Mystical Metaprose of the 20th Century: genesis and metamorphosis (Herman Hesse — Vladimir Nabokov — Mikhail Bulgakov)
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Zlotchevskaya A.V.
Published: November 2021

The book by Doctor Philology Zlotchevskaya A. V. deals with the phenomenon of “mystical metaprose” of the 20th century. The study is built on the laws of logic: description of phenomenon and its genesis, aesthetic strategy of the three writers, genre model, poetics. The author points out the creative similarity of three writers in their approach to aesthetic and metaphysical problems, their tragic-comic view of the world. The book is addressed to a broad spectrum of intellectuals, primarily scholars and university students of philology, as well as all those interested in the works of Hesse, Nabokov and Bulgakov.
Organizational and legal model of religious education in modern-day Russia and its relation to historical pedagogic traditions
Authors:   Federal Centre for Educational Legislation, Syubareva I.F.
Published: November 2021

Researched are modern organizational and legal model of religious education in Russia in relation to historical pedagogic traditions. Such conclusions are given in three aspects: organization forms of education, attitude to education, tendency of the development of education. Emphasis is made on the significance of faith-based educational organizations in the development of professional education; particular consideration is given to country-wide confession dialogue in the development of education, as well as the balance of secular and religious principles in educational environment. Characteristic of a modern organizational and legal model of religious education in Russia is given with due regard for the legislation on the freedom of thought, conscience and religion, educational legislation and international legal standards of human rights.
Cobalamin deficiency and pathogenesis of neurological disorders
Authors: Pereshein A. V. , Kuznetsova S. V. , Potemina T. E.
Published: November 2021

The brief review deals with the specific value of B vitamins for the nervous system, the mechanisms of transport and metabolic functions of cobalamin, pathogenetic theories related to vitamin B12 deficiency such as canonical biochemical theory and the theory of dysregulation of cytokines and growth factors; the hyperhomocysteinemic component of cerebral small vessel disease as one of the most common types of degenerative disorders of the central nervous system has been mentioned; the types of disorders associated with cobalamin deficiency that underlie its neurological manifestations have been described.
Insights into the Relation between Oxidative Stress and Malaria: A Mechanistic and Therapeutic Approach
Authors: Sarkar Abhijit , Basak Swarnendu , Ghosh Sumit , Mahalanobish Sushweta , Sil Parames C.
Published: November 2021

The mortality rate due to malaria has increased tremendously in the last decade. Even though the causative agent of this disease is known, the preventive measures are not potent enough to control the spread of this disease. Malarial infection involves a strong interrelationship between oxidative stress and pathogenesis. This review addresses the various oxidative stress-related mechanisms associated with vector defense, host immunity, plasmodial pathogenesis, and corresponding therapeutic strategies. The mechanisms involving host and vector defense show both similarity and contradiction to the processes involving plasmodial pathogenesis under different circumstances. Therefore, corresponding ameliorative peculiarities are observed in the therapeutic mechanisms adopted by the anti-malarial drugs. The malarial parasite augments oxidative stress to weaken the host and exerts antioxidant effects against host defense mechanisms. However, the anti-malarial drugs induce oxidative insult to reduce parasitic load and exert antioxidant effects against parasite infection-induced oxidative stress in host. Thus, the anti-malarial drugs exhibit antioxidant activity in hosts and/or pro-oxidant activity in parasites.
Screening of epiphytic rhizosphere-associated bacteria in Argentinian Malbec and Cabernet-Sauvignon vineyards for potential use as biological fertilisers and pathogen-control agents
Authors: Oyuela Aguilar Mónica , Álvarez Florencia , Medeot Daniela , Jofré Edgardo , Semorile Liliana , Pistorio Mariano
Published: November 2021

The rhizosphere-associated microbiome has diverse functions that support plant growth and health, varying among plant species, vegetation growth stages and environmental habitats. This microbiome includes a group of bacteria denominated plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) which can colonize plant roots. Certain PGPR isolates improve the ability of plants to adapt to a stressful environment. In this study, we collected and characterised the rhizosphere-associated bacteria, or epiphytic rhizobacteria, from Malbec and Cabernet-Sauvignon vineyards from the main wine-producing provinces of Argentina to analyse their potential use as biologic fertilisers and/or as pathogen-control agents. A total of 170 bacterial isolates were obtained, distributed into eleven different genera and classified into three phyla, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. The in vitro analysis for plant-growth-promoting (PGP) activities demonstrated that a significant number of bacterial isolates had one or more of these traits. The Pseudomonas was the genus with the highest number of isolates and PGP activities, followed by the Arthrobacter, Serratia, Bacillus andPantoea. We observed that bacterial isolates identified as Bacillus exhibited a remarkable production of hydrolytic enzymes related to biocontrol activities. Biocontrol trials from the Bacillus collection revealed that at least five isolates were able to inhibit the fungal growth of Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternata. The results obtained suggest the biological potential of each isolate and the relevance of proceeding to greenhouse and field assays to obtain long-term environmentally compatible bio-products for vineyard management.
Halófilos deteriorantes em produtos cárneos salgados
Authors: Eduardo Henrique Santos Guedes  , André Leonardo dos Santos  , Camila Mariane da Silva Soares  , Aynaran Oliveira de Aguiar  , Aloísio Freitas Chagas Junior  , Scheidt Gessiel Newton , Marcos Giongo  , Chagas Lillian França Borges
Published: November 2021

A utilização de cloreto de sódio em produtos cárneos além do seu efeito sensorial e conservante confere a eles uma estabilidade, pois diminui o crescimento microbiano e as reações química de degradação, prolongando a vida de prateleira. Apesar de ser utilizado para conservação de vários produtos, o sal quando não estéril pode conter microrganismos adaptados a altas concentrações salinas, denominados halófilos, estes podem ocasionar problemas de deterioração, como odores e aromas desagraváveis. São popularmente conhecidos como vermelhão por sua pigmentação colonial, e podem ser um problema econômico a indústrias de carnes e derivados salgados. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar as principais características e medidas de controle de archaeas halófilas deteriorantes em produtos cárneos salgados por meio de um levantamento bibliográfico. Os procariotos pertencentes ao domínio Archaea e ao filo Euryarchoaeota são relatados como os principais organismos halofílicos descritas primeiramente como Halobacterium crescendo idealmente a 2 a 4 Mmol.L-1 de NaCl. Não sofrem desidratação, pois possui elevada concentração intracelular de sais (KCl) maior que a concentração de NaCl no seu habitat, são organismos de morfologia variada, maioria é gram-negativas, neutrófilas e mesófilas, havendo exceções. Para prevenir o aparecimento barreiras físico-químicas podem ser utilizadas destacando-se a embalagem a vácuo como também a utilização de ácidos orgânicos. A maior parte dos estudos sobre archaeas halofílicas tem se concentrado em pesquisas ambientais e ecológicas e poucos estudos são concentrados no isolamento e identificação a partir de alimentos salgados, nem tão pouco em medidas de controle que podem ser utilizadas para combater espécies deteriorantes.
Desenvolvimento do amendoim-bravo (Pterogyne nitens Tul.) sob lâminas de água e composições de substratos
Authors: Pacheco Amanda Rossetto , Stancare Neto Miguel , Costa Gustavo Henrique Gravatim , Paz Marcelo da Fossa , Siqueira Marcos Vinicius Bohrer Monteiro
Published: November 2021

O amendoim-bravo (Pterogyne nitens Tul.) é considerado uma espécie rústica e adaptável a várias regiões do território nacional, e indicada para silvicultura, plantios em áreas degradas e reposição de matas ciliares. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento das mudas de amendoim-bravo sob concentrações de lodo de esgoto compostado (LEC), substrato comercial (SC) e lâminas de água. O delineamento experimental foi composto por 240 mudas, divididas em cinco tratamentos diferentes: S1 (100% LEC), S2 (75% LEC + 25% SC), S3 (50% LEC + 50% SC), S4 (25% LEC + 75% SC) e S5 (100% SC). O experimento contou com três lâminas de irrigação, quatro vezes ao dia: L1 (6 minutos), L2 (9 minutos) e L3 (12 minutos). Foram avaliadas as seguintes características: altura da parte aérea, diâmetro do coleto, número de folhas, peso da massa seca e o Índice de Qualidade de Dickson. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e as medidas comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. Tratamentos com 75% a 100% de LEC apresentaram resultados superiores nos parâmetros avaliados em relação ao SC. Para o regime hídrico, não houve influência significativa das lâminas de água sobre as características morfológicas das mudas.
Relevance of leaf morphology and biometrics: a study with species of Aphelandra R. Br. (Acanthaceae)
Authors: Zottele Livia , Aoyama Elisa Mitsuko , Indriunas Alexandre
Published: November 2021

Morphological characteristics, as well as biometrics, govern the description of species. However, systematical comparative analyzes of these aspects between taxa are scarce. The aim of the work was to evaluate the relevance of these characteristics in species of Aphelandra. Leaves of A. longiflora, A. harleyi, A. espirito-santensis, A. nitida, A. sinclairiana and A. squarosa were collected and analyzed for morphologic patterns: phyllotaxis, texture, leaf blade form, symmetry, apex, base, margin, venation and coloring pattern; and for biometric parameters: total length, length and width of the leaf blade, length and diameter of the petiole. We calculated mean and standard deviations. Among the relevant morphological patterns are the shape of the blade, apex and base, and the biometric data showed differences. As conclusion, this analysis proposal proves to be an instrument of accuracy and detail for descriptions.
Domain-Specific Languages for Workflows.A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Khan Akif Quddus
Published: November 2021

This paper aims to provide an overview of the complete process in the development of a Domain-Specific Language (DSL). It explains the construction steps such as preliminary research, language implementation, and evaluation. Moreover, it provides details for different key components which are commonly found in the DSLs such as the abstraction layer, DSL metamodel, and the applications. It also explains the general limitations related to the Domain-Specific Languages for Workflows.
Uji Aktivitas Antipiretik Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanol Herba Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) dan Daun Sambung Nyawa (Gynura procumbens L.) Pada Mencit yang Diinduksi Ragi
Authors: Faizah Adistyara Nur , Kundarto Wisnu , Sasongko Heru
Published: November 2021

Demam merupakan kondisi terjadinya kenaikan suhu tubuh di atas suhu normal. Demam terjadi sebagai bagian dari mekanisme pertahanan tubuh melawan infeksi. Penelitian terdahulu, meniran dan sambung nyawa mengandung flavonoid dan secara ilmiah ekstrak tunggal kedua tanaman tersebut memiliki aktivitas antipiretik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antipiretik kombinasi ekstrak etanol herba meniran dan daun sambung nyawa pada mencit yang diinduksi ragi dan untuk membandingkan dengan ekstrak tunggalnya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Pengujian antipiretik pada penelitian ini mencit diinduksi ragi dengan dosis 20 mL/kgBB secara subkutan dan diukur suhu badan melalui rektal. Kelompok uji dibagi menjadi 8 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol positif (Parasetamol 1,3 mg/20 gram BB mencit), kontrol normal, kontrol negatif (CMC-Na), ekstrak daun sambung nyawa (EDS) mengandung 10 mg/kgBB mencit kuersetin (100%), ekstrak herba meniran (EHM) mengandung 10 mg/kgBB mencit kuersetin (100%); EDS 75% : EHM 25%; EDS 50% : EHM 50%; dan EDS 25% : EHM 75% yang diinjeksikan secara intraperitoneal pada mencit. Pengukuran suhu dilakukan dengan interval waktu 30 menit selama 5 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai AUC semua kelompok perlakuan memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan (p≤0,05) dengan kontrol negatif, yang artinya ekstrak tunggal maupun ekstrak kombinasi herba meniran dan daun sambung nyawa memiliki aktivitas antipiretik. Ekstrak kombinasi herba meniran dan daun sambung nyawa tidak lebih baik dalam menurunkan demam dibandingkan dengan ekstrak tunggalnya. Dosis tunggal ekstrak daun sambung nyawa memiliki aktivitas antipiretik yang paling baik karena memiliki nilai AUC yang paling kecil (10.549,50).
Standardisasi Simplisia dan Ekstrak Buah Kemukus (Piper cubeba Lf.) Sebagai Bahan Baku Sediaan Kapsul Jamu Sesak Nafas
Authors: Setyani Indrawati Kurnia , Wahyono Wahyono , Sulaiman Teuku Nanda Saifullah
Published: November 2021

Standardisasi merupakan suatu upaya untuk menjaga kualitas bahan baku yang berasal dari tanaman. Standardisasi meliputi parameter spesifik dan non spesifik. Kubebin merupakan senyawa utama yang terkandung di dalam buah kemukus (Piper cubeba Lf.). Senyawa ini bisa digunakan sebagai marker untuk mengendalikan kualitas kemukus. Perbedaan tempat tumbuh memberi pengaruh terhadap variasi kadar kubebin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan standardisasi dan membandingkan kadar kubebin dari tiga daerah yang berbeda yaitu Kulonprogo, Magelang, dan Wonosobo sebagai bahan baku untuk pembuatan sediaan kapsul jamu sesak nafas. Kemukus diekstrak dengan metode maserasi. Kadar kubebin merupakan parameter utama dalam pemilihan sumber bahan baku. Penetapan kadar kubebin dengan metode kromatografi lapis tipis-densitometri. Simplisia dengan kadar kubebin yang tertinggi selanjutnya dilakukan standardisasi. Standardisasi simplisia meliputi penetapan kadar air, kadar minyak atsiri, susut pengeringan, kadar abu, kadar abu tak larut asam, cemaran logam berat, residu pestisida dan aflatoksin total. Standardisasi mikrobiologi ekstrak meliputi angka kapang/ khamir, angka lempeng total, mikroba patogen (Escerichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella sp dan Shigella sp). Perbedaan tempat tumbuh tidak berpengaruh terhadap kadar kubebin di dalam ekstrak tetapi berpengaruh terhadap randemen. Proses granulasi tidak memberikan pengaruh yang bermakna terhadap senyawa kubebin. Hasil standardisasi kemukus dari Wonosobo menunjukkan bahwa parameter non-spesifik untuk simplisia dan ekstrak memenuhi persyaratan bahan baku obat tradisional sesuai acuan standar WHO Guidelines dan Farmakope Herbal Indonesia.
Perbandingan Efektivitas Cefazolin dan Ceftriaxone Sebagai Antibiotik Profilaksis Bedah Ortopedi Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF) Fraktur Tertutup
Authors: Latifah Nurul , Andayani Tri Murti , Ikawati Zullies
Published: November 2021

Infeksi daerah operasi (IDO) merupakan infeksi yang terjadi hingga 30 hari setelah operasi atau satu tahun setelah operasi pada pasien yang menerima implan dan mempengaruhi sayatan atau jaringan dalam di lokasi operasi. Sefalosporin golongan pertama yaitu cefazolin merupakan antibiotik pilihan sebagai proflaksis bedah karena merupakan antibiotik spektrum luas, memiliki profil farmakokinetik yang baik, angka kejadian efek samping yang kecil, serta harga relatif murah. Pada praktek klinis, ceftriaxone banyak digunakan karena merupakan antibiotik yang lebih murah dibanding cefazolin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas dan keamanan cefazolin dibandingkan dengan ceftriaxone sebagai antibiotik profilaksis pasien bedah ortopedi Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF) fraktur tertutup. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan kohort retrospektif dari rekam medis pasien yang menjalani ORIF fraktur tertutup periode 1 Januari hingga 31 Desember 2020 di sebuah rumah sakit swasta tipe B di Yogyakarta. Luaran klinis yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah kejadian IDO dan kejadian efek samping selama 90 hari sejak pasien dilakukan prosedur bedah. Terdapat 59 pasien yang menjalani ORIF yang masuk kriteria inklusi pada penelitian ini yang terbagi mejadi dua kelompok yaitu pasien yang mendapat antibiotik profilaksis cefazolin (n=25) dan ceftriaxone (n=34). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa angka kejadian IDO pada pasien yang menjalani ORIF fraktur tertutup sebesar 5,08% dari total subjek atau 8,82% dari  yang diberikan ceftriaxone dan 0% dari pasien yang diberikan cefazolin. Perbedaan probabilitas kejadian IDO pada pemberian ceftriaxone sebagai antibiotik profilaksis tidak berbeda bermakna dengan pemberian cefazolin (RR = 1,097; 95% CI = 0,988 – 1,218; p = 0,064).
Engineering With Nature : the role of mangroves in coastal protection
Authors: Tomiczek Tori , Wargula Anna , Hurst Nia , Bryant Duncan , Provost Leigh
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this Engineering With Nature technical note (EWN TN) is to review previous studies of mangroves as a nature-based adaptation alternative for coastal protection and flood hazard mitigation.
Imagery classification for autonomous ground vehicle mobility in cold weather environments
Authors: Olivier Jason , Shoop Sally
Published: November 2021

Autonomous ground vehicle (AGV) research for military applications is important for developing ways to remove soldiers from harm’s way. Current AGV research tends toward operations in warm climates and this leaves the vehicle at risk of failing in cold climates. To ensure AGVs can fulfill a military vehicle’s role of being able to operate on- or off-road in all conditions, consideration needs to be given to terrain of all types to inform the on-board machine learning algorithms. This research aims to correlate real-time vehicle performance data with snow and ice surfaces derived from multispectral imagery with the goal of aiding in the development of a truly all-terrain AGV. Using the image data that correlated most closely to vehicle performance the images were classified into terrain units of most interest to mobility. The best image classification results were obtained when using Short Wave InfraRed (SWIR) band values and a supervised classification scheme, resulting in over 95% accuracy.
STK11 pathway in vitro validation
Authors: Lehtiö Janne , Arslan Taner , Siavelis Ioannis , Pan Yanbo , Socciarelli Fabio , Berkovska Olena , Umer Husen M. , Mermelekas Georgios , Pirmoradian Mohammad , Jönsson Mats , Brunnström Hans , Brustugun Odd Terje , Purohit Krishna Pinganksha , Cunningham Richard , Asl Hassan Foroughi , Isaksson Sofi , Arbajian Elsa , Aine Mattias , Karlsson Anna , Kotevska Marija , Hanson Carsten Gram , Haakensen Vilde Drageset , Helland Åslaug , Tamborero David , Johansson Henrik J. , Branca Rui M. , Staaf Johan , Orre Lukas M.
Published: November 2021

The associated publication reports proteogenomic analysis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), where we identified molecular subtypes with distinct immune evasion mechanisms and therapeutic targets, and validated our classification method in separate clinical cohorts. The in-depth proteomic analysis pointed to a potential role of STK11 inactivation in liver-specific signaling and subsequent cancer growth and immune evasion mechanisms. This protocol describes in vitro validation of the downstream effects of STK11-AMPK signaling on HNF1A and FGL1 in a liver and two lung cancer cell lines.
Development of a Serial Dilution Technique for Obtaining Monoclonal Cell Populations
Authors: Ranjbar Maryam , Nourigorji Marjan , Amiri Farshid , Khamirani Hossein Jafari , Zoghi Sina , Dianatpour Mehdi
Published: November 2021

Single cell-based techniques have drawn the attention of researchers, because they provide invaluable information of various domains ranging from genomics to epigenetics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. Single cell-derived clones provide a reliable and sustainable source of genetic information due to the homogeneity of the cell population. Aiming to obtain single-cell clones, several approaches were engineered, among which, the Limiting dilution approach stands out as a cost-effective and unsophisticated, and easy-to-apply method. Here, we demonstrate how to acquire single cell-derived clones through a simple 1:10 diluting from genetically modified heterogeneous cell populations.
Learning Neuroplastic Matching of Robot Dynamics in Closed-loop
CPGs
Authors: Ruppert Felix , Badri-Spröwitz Alexander
Published: November 2021

Legged robots have the potential to show locomotion performance with reduced control effort and energy efficiency by leveraging elastic structures inspired by animals' elastic tendons and muscles.
However, it remains a challenge to match the natural dynamics of complex legged robots and their control task dynamics.
Here we present a framework to match control task dynamics and natural dynamics based on the neuroelasticity and neuroplasticity concept.
Inspired by animals we design quadruped robot Morti with strong natural dynamics as a testing platform.
It is controlled through a bioinspired closed-loop central pattern generator (CPG) that is designed to neuroelastically mitigate short term perturbations using sparse contact feedback.
We use the amount of neuroelastic activity as a proxy to quantify the dynamics' mismatching.
By minimizing neuroelastic activity, we neuroplastically match the control task dynamics to the robot's natural dynamics.
Through matching the robot learns to walk within one hour with only sparse feedback and improves its energy efficiency without explicitly minimizing it in the cost function.
Association of Serum β-Hydroxybutyrate and Coronary Artery Disease in an Urban Chinese Population
Authors: Mu Hongna , Yang Ruiyue , Wang Siming , Zhang Wenduo , Wang Xinyue , Li Hongxia , Dong Jun , Chen Wenxiang , Yu Xue , Ji Fusui
Published: November 2021

Background: Ketone bodies, including β-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, and acetone, can substitute and alternate with glucose under conditions of fuel and food deficiency. Ketone body metabolism is increased in a myriad of tissue metabolism disorders. Perturbations in metabolism are major contributors to coronary artery disease (CAD). The present study aimed to investigate the association of β-hydroxybutyrate with CAD. Methods: A total of 2970 Chinese Han population were enrolled. Gensini scores were calculated for all patients with positive findings. Serum levels of β-hydroxybutyrate and other laboratory parameters were measured. Associations of serum metabolites with traditionary risk factors and CAD severity were analyzed. Results: Our results showed that β-hydroxybutyrate was associated with some CAD risk factors and CAD severity, determined by Gensini score or number of diseased regions. Moreover, β-hydroxybutyrate was associated with T3/T1 of Gensini score tertile after adjusting for traditional risk factors by multivariable logistic regression analysis. The association of β-hydroxybutyrate with CAD severity was more obvious in female. Conclusions: Taken together, circulating β-hydroxybutyrate level was independently associated with CAD severity, and the association was more pronounced in female.
Overexpression of The AtWUSCHEL Gene Promotes Somatic Embryogenesis And Lateral Branch Formation In Birch (Betula Platyphylla Suk.)
Authors: Lou Hu , Wang Weizhi , Yang Linlin , Cai Zhiyong , Cai Huiying , Liu Zhiqi , Sun Long , Xu Qijiang
Published: November 2021

Birch (Betula platyphylla Suk.) is a deciduous tree with the value of medicinal and ornamental greening. Plant somatic embryogenesis is a limiting step in birch genetic breeding. As a transcription factor, the Arabidopsis thaliana WUSCHEL (AtWUS) gene plays an important role in maintaining and regulating stem cell characteristics. It determines whether the stem cell population is differentiated. To explore the method of inducing somatic embryogenesis in birch. We overexpressed the AtWUS gene and transferred it into birch. The expression of AtWUS increased the somatic embryogenesis rate from 101.4% to 717.1%. The expression of the AtWUS gene in calli and globular embryos led to the downregulation of the BpWUS gene. The BpLEC1, BpLEC2, BpFUS3 and BpABI3 genes were upregulated. In addition, overexpression of AtWUS increased the number of lateral branches and bud meristem in birch. Similarly, the BpWUS gene was downregulated in the bud meristem. The BpLEC1, BpLEC2, BpFUS3, BpSTM and BpCUC2 genes were upregulated. This result indicated that overexpression of the AtWUS gene promoted somatic embryogenesis (SE) by increasing the expression of SE-related genes. In conclusion, this study focused on the role of the AtWUS gene in birch SE and the molecular mechanism of promoting SE.
How COVID-19 Infection can Alter the Sex Hormones in Hospitalized Patients? A Longitudinal Study in Iran
Authors: Afshari Poorandokht , Zakerkish Mehrnoosh , Abedi Parvin , Beheshtinasab Maryam , Maraghi Elham , Meghdadi Hossein
Published: November 2021

Background: There is some evidence about alteration of sex hormones in patients with COVID-19 infection. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of sex hormones in female and male patients with COVID-19 during hospitalization and one month after discharge. Methods: The levels of sex hormones including estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), total testosterone, and free testosterone were measured in 162 female and male patients with COVID-19 infection during hospitalization and one month after discharge. A demographic questionnaire and a checklist were used to collect the data. The ANCOVA test was used to compare the level of hormones in patients with severe and moderate disease. Results: In the primary assessment, 162 patients were assessed for serum levels of sex hormones, while a month after discharge, only 69 patients provided consent for assessment, and nine had passed away. During hospitalization, female patients with severe disease had an elevated level of estradiol (407.70±623.37 pg/mL) in comparison to those with a moderate disease (213.78±407.17 pg/mL). The levels of progesterone and LH were high during hospitalization, but there was a decrease in these levels after discharge. The reduction in the level of FSH in patients with severe disease was greater than in patients with moderate disease, which increased after discharge. While the level of testosterone decreased during hospitalization, the alteration of free testosterone was negligible in male patients.Conclusion: In this study, we observed alteration in sex hormones (increased level of estrogen, progesterone, LH and reduction in the level of FSH and total testosterone) in female and male patients, with the alteration being greater in the latter. Due to the attrition of patients in follow-up period, more studies are needed to confirm these results.
The Trajectory and Influence Factors of Breast Cancer Patients’ Main Chemotherapy-Related Symptoms: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Qi Yishu , Zhang Ning , Ma Ye , Xu Ewen , Huang Qingmei , Lin Lu , bao zhaokang , Qi Jie , Chen Jianhua , Chen Xiaokang , Tian Li
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Identifying the pattern of change in symptoms is critical to effective symptom management. This study aimed to determine the trajectory of Main Chemotherapy-related Symptoms (MCRS) in breast cancer patients, explore the influencing factors of potential categories of MCRS trajectory.Methods: Patient-reported Outcomes Measurement System- breast-chemotherapy was used to measure the four highest incidence MCRS (pain, fatigue, anxiety, and depression) weekly in Breast cancer patients. The Growth Mixture Model (GMM) was used to fit the potential categories of the MCRS trajectory. Logistic regression was used to explore the influencing factors of potential categories of MCRS change trajectory.Results: 239 breast cancer patients completed the study. Fatigue and depression showed an overall upward trend during the chemotherapy cycle, while pain and anxiety showed a downward trend. There are two potential categories of anxiety trajectory, three potential categories of fatigue and pain trajectory, and four potential categories of depression trajectory. Compared with the mild-fatigue group, Patients in the moderate and high fatigue groups were more likely to be less educated, have lower household income, and be treated with anthracyclines. Compared with the mild-pain group, patients in the pain-declining and fluctuating-pain groups were young, live-alone, and treated with paclitaxel. Patients in the anxiety-rising group were younger, had premenopausal menstruation with regular monthly menstruation, and had stage II disease. Patients in the depression-rising and severe depression groups were more likely to be solitary and younger.Conclusion: The potential classes of major chemotherapy-related symptom trajectories vary in breast cancer patients. As for fatigue management, great attention should be paid to patients with low education, low family income, and anthracycline chemotherapy. For pain management, close attention should be paid to younger, solitary, and paclitaxel chemotherapy patients; For anxiety management, attention should be paid to younger patients with premenopausal menstruation and regular monthly menstruation patients, and those with stage II disease. In managing depression, attention should be paid to younger and solitary patients.
Unveiling The Potential Tolerance And Physiological Responses Mechanisms of Wheat (Ningmai 16) After Exposure to Nickel In a Soil-plant System
Authors: Wang Gehui , Tariq Muhammad , Liu Fang , Xiao Qinran , Peng Cheng , Zhang Wei , Yang Jie
Published: November 2021

Nickel (Ni) accumulation in soils could lead to critical risks to plants, animals and humans. This study aims to unveil the adverse impacts of Ni on wheat Ningmai 16 and toxicity tolerance mechanisms. Lipid peroxidation was significantly facilitated under high Ni stress, mainly reflecting the notable accumulation of malondialdehyde followed by the increase in glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities. High Ni contamination caused the decrease in chlorophyll content, with the remarkable inhibition of root activity. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs further confirmed the toxicity of Ni and provided significant supporting evidence for the accumulation and localisation of Ni in wheat. The mechanisms adopted in alleviating the oxidative damages induced by Ni were revealed by increasing the soluble sugar and proline content, and inducing the GST related gene expression. Additionally, the cell-wall thickening and vacuole compartmentation were also produced in wheat for improving the tolerance of Ni. Finally, most of biochemical parameters indicated a clearly positive or negative relationship with the available Ni contents, and they are proved as good biomarkers to predict the bioavailability of Ni in a soil-wheat system. We believe that our concluding findings would open a new window for a deeper understanding of ecological risks of an often-underestimated element Ni in future endeavors.
A Patient-Focused Questionnaire Designed to Support Headache Diagnosis in General Practice
Authors: Ruttledge Martin , Broessner Gregor , Gendolla Astrid , Hollanders Els
Published: November 2021

Background: There is an unmet need for the correct diagnosis of primary headache disorders, such as migraine, in primary care. Misdiagnosis is associated with suboptimal management of patients, and it is now widely accepted internationally that better diagnostic support is needed for general practitioners (GPs). In this study, we describe the development of a short, patient-directed questionnaire and supporting documents that aim to help with the diagnosis of headache disorders in primary care. We have also prepared patient feedback material and collected preliminary input from patients, but the main aim of this report is to invite comment and debate on the use of the questionnaire in real-life clinical practice.Methods: This questionnaire was developed over 18 months using the clinical experience of the authors, current literature review and the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD), 3rd edition, for migraine, tension-type headache, cluster headache and medication-overuse headache. The questionnaire and two supporting documents will hopefully assist the GP to make a correct diagnosis. A patient survey was used to gather feedback from a small number of patients, and based on these comments, the questionnaire and the supporting documents were modified and updated.Results: Feedback gathering was attempted in Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Ireland and Spain, but was only possible in Austria due to the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. From the 18 patients who participated, 17 responded about how easy or difficult the questionnaire was to complete, with 14/17 (82%) being able to complete the questionnaire easily on their own. Overall, the patients found the questionnaire averagely helpful in reminding them of and communicating their headache triggers, symptoms and behaviour changes; on a scale of 1–5, with 1 being very helpful and 5 being not helpful at all, the mean scores were 2.8 and 2.7 (n=18), respectively. Conclusions: This questionnaire and associated documents were developed with a view to helping GPs to make an accurate headache diagnosis quickly in primary care. Following feedback from patients, updates have been made, including changes to reduce the time it takes to complete the questionnaire. Next steps include wider validation and feedback from primary care physicians.
Partial Relay Selection for Secure Cooperative NOMA Networks
Authors: Alouane Wided Hadj
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we investigate physical layer security of multi-relay non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) networks with partial relay selection considering decode-and-forward (DF) and amplify-and-forward (AF) protocols. We propose a partial relay scheme aiming to select the best relay based on the highest signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) of the ﬁrst link. We derive new exact and asymptotic expressions for strictly positive secrecy capacity (SPSC) and secrecy outage probability (SOP) considering Rayleigh fading channels. Numerical results demonstrate that AF and DF provide almost a similar secrecy performance. Moreover, they prove that partial relay selection improves SPSC and reduces SOP when the relay-cluster is closer to the legitimate receiver.
How Can We Develop a Standard Interface That Easily Integrates With HL7, Boosting EHR Interoperability?
Authors: BISWAS PROSENJIT
Published: November 2021

Background: It appears that a systematic strategy that includes the basic underpinnings of health care, from systems and technologies to clinical understanding and workflow processes, is required to achieve the next great leap in improving quality and safety. To make meaningful progress, health-care systems integration is essential. However, to provide interoperability in EHR, systems must support all versions of HL7.Software companies and healthcare organisations are still having trouble integrating HL7 with multiple interfaces. Thus, a standard interface or platform is required that easily integrates with HL7 boosting EHR interoperability. Methods: Basic Modelling Interface (BMI) interoperability standards will be the focus of this research. The research plan proposes a qualitative research approach that includes clinicians’ interview and a panel discussion to characterise the information flow models. Qualitative research using a thematic analysis of semi structured interviews will be conducted in the proposed research plan. Results: Gaining the HL7 standard is insufficient for integrating EHR with diverse apps or software in use, thus clinicians' willingness to adopt a common interface is critical. Medical practitioners and software vendors agreement required to develop an API that tackles HL7 integration issues and EHR interoperability. Planning techniques for dealing with HL7 issues and doing coordinated testing can help identify and install HL7 standard interfaces successfully. Conclusions: The proposed research plan will help us to create a standard interface for HL7 integration which will benefit clinicians, healthcare professionals, and groups such as patients, healthcare authorities, and EHR vendors. Lastly, reducing or eliminating healthcare concerns will help the economy, ecosystem, and society in both concrete and qualitative ways.
Computer-aided Detection of Quantitative Signatures for Breast Fibroepithelial Tumors using Label-free Multi-Photon Imaging
Authors: Kobayashi-Taguchi Kana , Saitou Takashi , Kamei Yoshiaki , Murakami Akari , Nishiyama Kanako , Aoki Reina , Kusakabe Erina , Noda Haruna , Yamashita Michiko , Kitazawa Riko , Imamura Takeshi , Takada Yasutsugu
Published: November 2021

Background Fibroadenomas (FAs) and phyllodes tumors (PTs) are major benign breast tumors. They are pathologically classified as fibroepithelial tumors, composed of a proliferation of both epithelial and stroma. Although the clinical management of PTs differs from FAs, distinction by core needle biopsy diagnoses is still challenging. Computer-aided diagnosis is playing a pivotal role in accurate and objective evaluation of medical images. This technology opens up a new route to a solution for diagnostic problems. Methods A combined technique of label-free imaging with multi-photon microscopy and artificial intelligence was applied to detect quantitative signatures that differentiate fibroepithelial lesions. Multi-photon excited autofluorescence and second harmonic generation (SHG) signals were detected in tissue sections. A pixel-wise semantic segmentation method using a deep learning framework was used to separate epithelial and stromal regions automatically. Quantitative signatures, the epithelial to stromal area ratio, and the collagen SHG signal strength were investigated for their ability to distinguish between FA and PT lesions. Results Multi-photon microscopy recordings of tissue sections revealed distinct morphology between the epithelia and stroma, and further indicated that stromal regions emit a strong SHG signal which derives from collagen fibrils. However, this signal strength differs between the lesions, suggesting differences of collagenous molecular composition between the two lesions. In order to investigate hypertrophy of the stroma and compare this to the epithelial areas, an image segmentation analysis with a pixel-wise semantic segmentation framework using a deep convolutional neural network was performed. The deep learning-based analysis showed accurate separation of epithelial and stromal regions. Further investigation was conducted to determine if scoring the epithelial to stromal area ratio could be a marker for differentiating fibroadenoma and phyllodes tissues; we determined that most samples can be clearly separated but some are difficult to separate by the signature. Further investigations on the collagen SHG signal strength within the stromal area revealed accurate classification of the breast tissue lesions. Conclusions Molecular and morphological changes detected through the assistance of computational and label-free multi-photon imaging techniques enabled us to propose quantitative signatures for epithelial and stromal alterations in breast tissues.
Delayed Parasite Clearance Rates and Low Clinical and Parasitological Responses Following Treatment of Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria With Artemether-lumefantrine in Ethiopian- Sudan Border, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Leta geletta Tadele , Jaiteh Fatou Kene , mary Mary oboh , Lemma Sisay dhugassa , Ngwa Alfred Amambua , Wayasa Lemu Golassa
Published: November 2021

BackgroundThe appearance of artemisinin-resistant parasites in Africa is catastrophic as many cases and deaths from malaria are usually reported in the continent. This study was the first to evaluate the status of artemether-lumefantrine (AL) efficacy, seventeen years after the introduction of this drug in the study area. This study aimed to assess PCR- corrected clinical and parasitological responses at 28 days following AL treatment.MethodsSixty uncomplicated falciparum malaria patients were enrolled, treated with standard doses of AL, and monitored for 28 days with clinical and parasitological assessments from September 15 to December 15, 2020. Molecular analysis was done on dried blood spots collected from each patient from day 0 and on follow-up days 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regressions were done using SPSS 20.0 statistical software. A p-value of less or equal to 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsSixty patients enrolled in the study, ten were lost to follow-up; and the results were analyzed for 50 patients. All of the patients were fever-free on day 3. But, two patients febrile on day 1 became febrile on day 7 of the follow-up period. Day 3 parasites positivity rate was zero and 60 % using microscopy and PCR, respectively. Parasite clearance on day 3 was more among patients ≥ 15 years as compared with < 15 years (AOR= 6.71, P=0.021). 14 of 50 patients tested were parasite positive on day 7 by PCR. In addition, 7 patients had persisted parasitemia by PCR from day 0 to day 28 of the follow-up. The PCR-corrected adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR) rate was 59.2 %. PCR adjusted AL treatment failures was 40.8% and it was noted as 0 early treatment failure, 10.2% late clinical failures, and 30.6% late parasitological failures. Recrudescence and new infection rate within 28 days was7/50(14%) and1/50 (2%) respectively.Conclusionartemisinin resistance is suspected in the study area as parasite positivity rate on day 3 was greater than 10%. A slow parasitological clearance was followed by low-density parasitemia persistence and recrudescences. AL treatment failure was greater than the 10% threshold for treatments in use as per WHO. These findings suggest probably a decreased sensitivity of the parasite for the artemisinin component and the partner drug and highlight the need for prompt reassessment of the efficacy of AL and other factors that may contribute to low parasite susceptibility to the drug.
Unsupervised Embedding of Trajectories Captures the Latent Structure of Mobility
Authors: Murray Dakota , Yoon Jisung , Kojaku Sadamori , Costas Rodrigo , Jung Woo-Sung , Milojević Staša , Ahn Yong-Yeol
Published: November 2021

Human mobility drives major societal phenomena including epidemics, economies, and innovation. Historically, mobility was constrained by geographic distance, however, in the globalizing world, language, culture, and history are increasingly important. Here, we show a mathematical equivalence between word2vec model and the gravity model of mobility and demonstrate that, by using three human trajectory datasets, word2vec encodes nuanced relationships between locations into a systematic and meaningful vector-space, providing a functional distance between locations, as well as a representation for studying the many dimensions of mobility. Focusing on the case of scientiﬁc mobility, we show that embeddings implicitly learn cultural, linguistic, and hierarchical relationships at multiple levels of granularity. Connecting neural embeddings to the gravity model opens up new avenues for the study of mobility.
Trend and Determinants of Abortions among Adolescent Women in Rural Matlab, Bangladesh: Evidence a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Rahman Aminur , Begum Tahmina , Haseen Fariha , Alam Nurul
Published: November 2021

Background:Every year about 2.5 million adolescents have unsafe abortions. In Bangladesh, data on incidence of abortion suffer from under-reporting and incomplete record keeping in cases of adolescent women. So, we proposed a study to estimate level and determinants of adolescent abortions in Matlab in Bangladesh. Methods:This study analyzed vital events recorded by Matlab Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) from a well-defined population during 2007-2015. HDSS is operating since 1966, HDSS area was divided into two halves; icddr,b provides quality maternal and family planning (MNCH/FP) services in one half and another half receives government standard MNCH/FP services. Female community health research workers visit bi-monthly women at their home to identify pregnancy and record vital events and migration. Woman’s age in most cases is known by date of birth. Study Population: Women, who had pregnancy outcomes before age of 20 years were the study population. This resulted in a final sample of 5,715 adolescent women who become pregnant between this age.Result:There were 5,715 adolescents in the HDSS database have complete birth form for every pregnancy outcome who become pregnant outcomes between 2007 and 2015. The adolescent abortion rates were Lower (by 18%) in ISA than GSA; higher among mothers who have primary and higher education and who are pregnant for the first time Conclusion: This study has estimated the first time the adolescent abortion rate in Bangladesh and reveals that MCH-FP services lower abortion rate. Reducing abortion among adolescent, post-abortion education and family planning services are needed.