bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construcción de un Cuestionario de Frecuencia de Consumo de Alimentos para Adultos Ecuatorianos, estudio transversal.
Authors: Morejón Terán Yadira Alejandra , Solís Manzano Angélica , Betancourt Ortiz Sarita , Abril Ulloa Victoria , Sandoval Verónica , Espinoza Fajardo Ana Cristina , Carpio-Arias Tannia Valeria
Published: July 2022

Introducción: Las encuestas alimentarias, incluidas el cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos (CFCA) son un método económico, relativamente fácil de aplicar y necesario para la evaluación de la dieta de individuos y poblaciones. El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar un CFCA para población adulta ecuatoriana.
Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal, en 255 individuos adultos de ambos sexos entre 18 y 68 años residentes en 10 provincias del Ecuador. Se aplicó una encuesta recordatorio de 24 horas (R24h) para obtener información sobre el consumo dietético de la población y la construcción del instrumento. La elaboración de la lista de alimentos que compone el CFCA fue hecha a partir de la contribución porcentual de cada alimento para la estimación total de aporte de energía y nutrientes de interés, empleándose el método de Block.
Resultados: se obtuvo un instrumento compuesto por 91 ítems alimentarios distribuidos en 7 categorías. El instrumento fue revisado por expertos de 4 universidades pertenecientes a la región, costa, sierra, y amazonia del Ecuador.
Conclusiones: Este instrumento realiza una aproximación del consumo dietético de las tres regiones del Ecuador continental.
Percepción del etiquetado frontal de alimentos, compra y consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados durante la cuarentena por COVID-19: Un estudio transversal en la población peruana
Authors: Casas-Caruajulca Elitsa , Muguruza-Sanchez Lia J. , Calizaya-Milla Yaquelin E. , Saintila Jacksaint
Published: July 2022

Introducción: El escenario actual de la pandemia por COVID-19 y el aumento constante de consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados representan una amenaza para la salud pública. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la percepción sobre el etiquetado frontal de alimentos, tendencia de compra y consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados durante el aislamiento social en la población peruana.
Metodología: Se realizó un estudio transversal utilizando una encuesta en línea. Se reclutaron a 330 participantes de 18 a 59 años de todas las regiones del Perú. Se utilizó un cuestionario validado para evaluar la percepción del etiquetado frontal de alimentos, compra y consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el software estadístico IBM SPSS versión 27, utilizando la prueba Chi-cuadrado. Se consideró un nivel de significancia del 5%.
Resultados: El 77,9% y el 68,7% demostraron una percepción positiva sobre la implementación de los octógonos de advertencia de nutrientes y el modelo/diseño de la etiqueta, respectivamente. El 63,3% estuvo de acuerdo o totalmente de acuerdo que los octógonos influyen en la compra de los alimentos. La compra de los alimentos ultraprocesados durante el confinamiento por COVID-19 se produjo en un 67,5% en las mujeres. Las mujeres eran las que informaron haber leído casi siempre o siempre el etiquetado frontal de alimentos en una mayor proporción en comparación a los hombres (31,5% vs. 23,3%). La mayor proporción de los participantes informaron un aumento en el consumo de alimentos ricos en grasas saturadas (90%) y azúcares (87%) durante el confinamiento.
Conclusiones: Los participantes tuvieron una percepción positiva sobre la implementación de la norma del etiquetado de advertencia nutricional. Sin embargo, tanto la compra como el consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados se aumentaron. Se sugiere implementar programas educativos para promover la disminución gradual del consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados durante la pandemia por COVID-19.
Encuesta de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre dietas milagro en población española: estudio transversal “DiMilagro”
Authors: Baladia Eduard , Moñino Manuel , Martínez-Rodríguez Rodrigo , Moreno Ignacio , Miserachs Martina , Picazo Oscar , Marcos Alexandra , Morte Víctor , Russolillo Giuseppe
Published: July 2022

Introducción: La aparición de dietas milagro podría deberse a la dificultad de la población para modificar sus estilos de vida y conseguir la adherencia a intervenciones terapéuticas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre dietas milagro en un panel de consumidores de características socio demográficas similares a la población española.
Material y métodos: Estudio transversal con encuesta online de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas no validada y elaborada según guías de FAO, en muestra de ambos sexos de 18 a 65 años.
Resultados: Hubo 2.604 encuestas válidas (50% mujeres). La mayoría (57,9%) declaró conocer alguna característica de las dietas milagro y supo identificarlas (65,8%). El 90% cree que no funcionan y que sus efectos son principalmente negativos (82,6%).  487 personas (18,7%) declararon haber seguido una o varias dietas milagro, durante 15 días y más de 6 meses, tomado algún producto asociado (56%) que adquirieron en herboristerías (52%) y farmacias (30%), y creyeron percibir (57%, n=277) alguno de los efectos prometidos, aunque sólo a corto plazo, y el 33% creyó percibir algún efecto adverso de carácter leve. El 73,7% del total de la muestra declaró que las dietas milagro son un problema y el 78,6% que son peligrosas. El 82,1% no indicó sentirse vulnerable por la adopción de una dieta milagro.
Conclusiones: El nivel de conocimiento sobre las dietas milagro en la población del estudio es medio, la mayoría las percibe como un problema, pero no se siente vulnerable ni con intención de seguir una dieta milagro. Sin embargo, el 22% de la muestra siguió algún tipo de dieta milagro, aunque solo el 18,7% lo reconoce. Es necesario nuevas investigaciones que exploren, en mayor profundidad, cómo el nivel conocimiento y actitud de la población frente a las dietas milagro se relaciona con la práctica.
Effect of a multi-professional program on promoting the food health of the elderly: a longitudinal study.
Authors: Cristina de Souza Marques Déborah , Caroline dos Santos Isabella , Lira Campinha Nathália , Ghiraldi de Souza Marques Marilene , Mendes de Oliveira Fabiano , Henrique Magnani Branco Braulio
Published: July 2022

Objective: To analyze the food quality of elderly participants in a multi-professional project for health promotion and healthy longevity.
Methodology: 55 older adults aged ≥ 60 years (66.03 ± 3.68 years) residents in the south of Brazil were recruited. However, 28 elderlies dropped out of the interventions. Thus, 27 elderlies were assessed (before and after 12-week interventions). To evaluate food quality, the data from the food record of three non-consecutive days and the healthy eating index (HEI) were used, which were applied before and after interventions. The intervention was developed for three months, with theoretical-practical classes on multidisciplinary groups as physical education, psychology, and nutrition (with food reeducation - without nutrition plan). The mean, (±) standard deviation, and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. The comparison between pre- and post-intervention was performed by paired t-test, assuming a p≤ 0.05.
Results: After 12 weeks, it was observed that the elderly showed higher values for the HEI after the interventions (pre: 47.78 ± 14.23 points; 95% CI: 42.41-53.15, versus 56.30 ± 13.05, 95% CI: 51.37-61.22; with p = 0.029; d = 0.59; medium effect).
Conclusions: a multidisciplinary approach including a nutritional intervention could promote positive changes in the food quality of the elderly investigated. As a limitation, the absence of a control group and the conduction of a randomized controlled trial are highlighted. However, this study already promotes directions to provide nutritional health in older people.
Conductas alimentarias de riesgo y satisfacción corporal en estudiantes universitarios mexicanos
Authors: Palmeros-Exsome Carolina , González-Chávez Génesis del Carmen , León-Díaz Rosalba , Carmona-Figueroa Yeny Paola , Campos-Uscanga Yolanda , Barranca-Enríquez Antonia , Romo-Gonzalez Tania
Published: July 2022

Introducción: Se ha reportado la presencia de conductas alimentarias de riesgo en adultos emergentes (como estudiantes universitarios de recién ingreso). Asimismo, la insatisfacción y el estado nutricio se han documentado como factor de riesgo en el desarrollo de conductas alimentarias de riesgo. Por tanto, el objetivo de este estudio es mostrar las correlaciones entre la presencia de conductas alimentarias de riesgo, insatisfacción corporal y estado nutricio, para identificar posibles predictores de conductas alimentarias de riesgo.
Metodología: Diseñamos un protocolo observacional transversal para analizar los datos obtenidos con el Cuestionario Breve sobre Conductas Alimentarias de Riesgo y la Escala de Satisfacción-Insatisfacción con la Imagen, que se aplicaron a 1.399 estudiantes universitarios de reciente ingreso (rango de edad: 18-29 años). Su estado nutricional se determinó mediante medidas de peso, tamaño, índice de masa corporal y porcentaje de grasa corporal. Los datos se compararon mediante Kruskal-Wallis. Las variables predictivas para conductas alimentarias de riesgo se obtuvieron mediante un modelo Poisson reducido.
Resultados: 7,2% de las mujeres y 5,0% de los hombres presentaron conductas alimentarias de riesgo. Las puntuaciones más altas en conductas alimentarias de riesgo e índice de masa corporal, grasa corporal y circunferencia de la cintura mostraron una correlación significativa. El modelo Poisson ajustado mostró que el índice de masa corporal, la circunferencia de la cintura y la satisfacción con el abdomen, la cintura y las piernas son los mejores predictores de conductas alimentarias de riesgo.
Conclusiones: Las conductas alimentarias de riesgo están presentes en los nuevos estudiantes universitarios, por lo que la observación y atención a algunos indicadores como el índice de masa corporal y la satisfacción corporal, particularmente con el abdomen, la cintura y las piernas, podría ayudar a prevenir el desarrollo de conductas alimentarias de riesgo.
Contribución por porción de leche, yogur y quesos a la ingesta diaria recomendada de minerales
Authors: Mangia Glenda , Negro Emilse , Toller Achaval Santiago , Gerstner Carolina , Fariña Ana Clara , Lavandera Jimena , Williner María Rosa
Published: July 2022

Introducción: Las Guías Alimentarias para la Población Argentina recomiendan una ingesta diaria de 3 porciones de leche, yogur y/o queso, preferentemente descremados. Sin embargo, la Segunda Encuesta Nacional de Nutrición y Salud (2019) informó que solo 4 de 10 adolescentes y adultos los consumen, al menos una vez al día. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el contenido de minerales y la contribución de una porción de los alimentos antes mencionados a la ingesta diaria recomendada (IDR).
Material y métodos: Se cuantificó calcio (Ca), sodio (Na), potasio (K), hierro (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganeso (Mn) y cobre (Cu) por absorción atómica y fósforo (P) por espectrofotometría visible en 12 leches, 11 yogures, 22 quesos blandos (QB), 23 quesos semiduros (QSD) y 12 quesos duros (QD); y se estableció que un alimento es fuente de algún mineral cuando una porción aporta más del 15% de la IDR para dicho nutriente.
Resultados: En promedio, el contenido de Ca, P y Na en yogures es significativamente menor al de leches, mientras que el Fe y Zn presentan valores significativamente más elevados. Por otro lado, en todos los quesos el contenido mineral, excepto el K, es significativamente mayor que en leches y yogures.
Conclusiones: Según el porcentaje de valor diario las leches y QSD son fuente de Ca y P, y los yogures de P, mientras los QB y QD son fuente de Ca, P y Zn. Estos hallazgos resultan útiles al momento de establecer pautas nutricionales, con la finalidad de facilitar y promover la adopción de hábitos saludables.
Cáscaras de frutas y vegetales como ingrediente en pan: aporte nutricional, saciedad y preferencia sensorial
Authors: Quitral Vilma , Sepúlveda Marcela , Figueroa Dominique , Saa Viviana , Flores Marcos
Published: July 2022

Introducción: Se entiende por “desperdicio” de alimentos a las pérdidas derivadas de la decisión de desechar aquellos que todavía tienen valor, o a partes de ellos, y se asocia principalmente con ventas minoristas y consumidores. Dentro de los “desperdicios” se encuentran las cáscaras de vegetales, que se pueden rescatar e incluir como ingredientes en alimentos procesados.
Metodología: Se elaboraron muestras de pan de molde cuya formulación base fue harina, aceite, levadura, sal, azúcar y agua. Se reemplazó 10% de la harina de trigo por harinas de cáscaras de manzana, zanahoria y zapallo (P2, P3 y P4 respectivamente). Las cáscaras de los vegetales se lavaron exhaustivamente, se deshidrataron a 60° por 12 horas y se molieron hasta obtener un polvo fino. Se elaboraron muestras de pan amasando la mezcla de ingredientes por 15 minutos, se dejó fermentar y luego se hornearon a 180°C por 50 minutos. Se determinó pérdida por cocción, composición nutricional, azúcares totales y aporte calórico. Las muestras de pan fueron evaluadas por 15 sujetos para conocer el cociente de saciedad y por 60 sujetos para establecer la preferencia sensorial.
Resultados: La incorporación de harina cáscaras de vegetales no modificó, el contenido de proteínas, grasa total ni hidratos de carbono disponibles. La muestra P2 presentó el contenido de azúcares totales significativamente mayor (p<0,05), la fibra dietética fue mayor en todas las muestras con cáscaras de vegetales respecto a la muestra control (P1), y el contenido de energía disminuyó significativamente (p<0,05) en las muestras de pan con harina de cáscaras de vegetales.
El coeficiente de saciedad fue mayor en la muestra P2 y fue menor en P1, sin diferencias significativas. La mayor preferencia sensorial fue para P3 y P2.
Conclusión: La muestra de pan elaborada con cáscara de manzana al 10% resultó la mejor alternativa, con menor aporte calórico, mayor aporte de fibra dietética produjo mayor cociente de saciedad y mayor preferencia sensorial.
Study of the perception and the acceptability of mayonnaise ingredients among Mexican consumers and its global preference
Authors: Metri Ojeda Jorge , Ramírez Rodrigues Milena , Baigts Allende Diana
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Due to the interest in healthcare through the diet, there is an increase in the reformulation of products to reduce their fat content. The mayonnaise is a dressing product recognized by its high content of fats (75 %); the reduction of fat content implies the use of additives that can be perceived as harmful and are poorly acceptable by the consumers. The objectives of this study were to study the perceptions and the acceptability of the ingredients used in mayonnaise, as well as the global preference of these products.
Methodology: The preferences of traditional and low-fat mayonnaise were studied using a survey applied to 303 participants. The perception and acceptability of ingredients (on a scale of 1 – 5) was determined with focus groups of 12 participants.
Results: The selection of mayonnaise was based on the nutritional content (in women) and on a specific commercial brand (in men) (p<0.05). The low-fat content and the ingredients from natural sources are perceived as healthy characteristics of the product (64 % and 27 % from the total of the participants, respectively). The 18 – 29 years old participants demonstrated more interest in products with probiotics, while the people from 51 – 60 age range preferred ingredients from natural sources (p<0.05). The ingredients with familiar names such as egg yolk, vinegar, lime juice, spices, and mustard showed high acceptability scores (>4 acceptability score).
Conclusions: The low fat- mayonnaise is the most demanded in the market. However, there is interest in mayonnaise containing ingredients with natural sources or supplemented with probiotics. The perception and the acceptability of the ingredients are positively influenced by its nature (simple names) and origin (from natural sources).
Complicaciones metabólicas del soporte nutricional parenteral en los recién nacidos posoperatorios ingresados en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal del Hospital Pediátrico Dr. Hugo Mendoza
Authors: Kim Yun Zyong , Mirabal Anny Pamela , Tejeda Yomaira , Encarnación Anabel , Japa Rodríguez Josvane , Méndez Jorge Massiel
Published: July 2022

Introducción: Los neonatos tienen una reserva nutricional limitada que los hace extremadamente vulnerables, por lo que es necesario un adecuado soporte nutricional. Los pacientes neonatales con procedimientos quirúrgicos son frecuentemente admitidos en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN). El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la frecuencia y características de las complicaciones metabólicas en los recién nacidos posoperatorios que recibieron soporte nutricional parenteral en la unidad de cuidados intensivos en el Hospital Pediátrico Dr. Hugo Mendoza en República Dominicana.
Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo.
Resultados: Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron hiperglucemia para un 33,3%, seguido de trombocitopenia (21%) e hiponatremia (18%).
Conclusiones: No se evidencia relación entre los días de administración de NP y la incidencia de complicaciones, ni se muestra relación entre la cantidad de días de nutrición parenteral y días de internamiento.
MARLINA: POLEMIK KE-SUBJEK-AN DALAM SASTRA DAN MEDIA
Authors: Sholih Mohammad Badrus
Published: July 2022

In a literary work, there is the desire of the character in it, and also the desire of the author which is listed and becomes the fulfillment of his desire. For Lacan, the fulfillment of desires is a process to achieve an authentic and whole subject. However, this is a complicated problem when it comes to dealing with and entering into a symbolic order. The film “Marlina The Killer of Four Acts” is one of the films that portray the problematics of the subject in a symbolic order so that it triggers the writer to understand the problem of subjectivity using Jacques Lacan's psychoanalytic theory. There are problems that the author wants to answer regarding the subject of Marlina, namely, 1) how is the image of the desire of the subject of Marlina displayed? 2) what is the desire of the film writer? and 3) what is the correlation with the media apparatus? This research uses the Lacanian psychoanalytic method to find answers to the problems of the subject in Marlina's character. The authors get results in the form of 1) how the image obtained by Marlina is identification in the mirror phase formed by language contaminated by other desires, thus making Marlina have a jouissance to get out of the symbolic order and achieve an authentic subject 2) also how the film's author's desire is a desire contained in the character of Marlina, and 3) how the media becomes a castration of the author's desire that prevents the author from achieving wholeness in his subject.
Islamic Rural Bank Employee Performance: Role of Motivation, Compensation, and Work Environment
Authors: Az-zaakiyyah Hizbul Khootimah , Hidayat Farid , Almaududi Ausat Abu Muna , Suherlan Suherlan
Published: July 2022

Rural banks in Indonesia have been experiencing a significant growth. Each company has diverse workforce. Excellent employees will contribute significantly to achieve the company's goals. However, some companies disregard any factors that can lead to optimal employee performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of motivation, compensation, and work environment on the employee performance. This was a case study conducted at PT. BPRS Madina Mandiri Sejahtera Yogyakarta. A quantitative technique based on variance Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Partial Least Square (PLS) was used to acquire a better understanding of the relationship between variables. Questionnaires were used to collect 28 responses from the company’s employees. The finding revealed that compensation was a deterrent for companies that have not received awards in the previous five years. As a result, the company’s management must pay more attention to work compensation related to more efficient and effective use of human resources. The higher the employees’ salary, the more achievements achieved by the employees. The higher the number of high-performing employees, the lower the cost of non-essential work.
Modus Tokoro Da Dalam Film Animasi Jepang
Authors: Dewi Citra , Fauzah Nunik Nur Rahmi , Ayasmin Nadya
Published: July 2022

This study discusses the formation of the structure of the modus tokoro da based on Kato's (1989) theory. The purpose of this study is to describe the structure of the modus tokoro da. In the process of collecting data, the author uses the listening method with a note-taking technique based on Mahsun's (2013) theory. In analyzing the structure of the modus tokoro da, the author uses the agih method with the direct element division (BUL) technique based on Sudaryanto's theory (2015). In writing this research, the author uses a qualitative descriptive method based on the theory of Sugiyono (2019). The data used is sourced from the fermi lab (ferumi kenkyuujo) youtube channel and supernatural genre anime. In this study, the data containing the tokoro da mode amounted to 45 data, but the data displayed in this study amounted to 15 data. The result of this research is that the modus structure of tokoro da is formed from the verb ~ru+tokoro da, the verb ~teiru+tokoro da, the verb ~ta+tokoro da, and the verb ~teita+tokoro da. Each verb attached to the modus tokoro da has a different type of verb, namely the modus tokoro da attached to the type of verb keizoku doushi totaling 7 data, the modus tokoro da attached to the type of verb shunkan doushi totaling 6 data, and the modus tokoro da being attached to the type the joutai doushi verb has 2 data. From this research, it can be concluded that the modus tokoro da is more dominantly attached to the type of verb keizoku doushi than the type of verb shunkan doushi and joutai doushi. Compared to previous studies which only stated that the structure of tokoro da was formed from tokoro da which was attached by verb ~ru, verb ~te iru, and verb ~ta. In this study, there is novelty where the verbs attached to the modus tokoro da have different types, namely joutai doushi, keizoku doushi, shunkan doushi, and daiyonshu no doushi (Kindaichi, 1989, pp. 9–11). The discussion in this study is useful for readers to understand the structure formed from the modus tokoro da by adding an explanation of the types of verbs attached to the modus tokoro da.
Ekofeminisme dalam Anime Miyori no Mori Karya Nizou Yamamoto
Authors: Mahardika I Gusti Ayu Sugiartini , Damayanti Silvia , Dewi Ni Made Andry Anita
Published: July 2022

This research is entitled "Ecofeminism in The Anime Miyori no Mori by Nizou Yumamoto". The purpose of this research is to examine the efforts of women in preserving the environment in the anime Miyori no Mori by Nizou Yumamoto. The methods used in this research were the literature study method and the informal method. This research used the theory of ecofeminism and semiotic proposed by Danesi to analyze the data that has been collected. The results of this research indicates there were several efforts made by women, namely the environmental care movement in the form of loving and preserving living things, supporting forest conservation in Komori Village. Aside from that, women also participated on environmental issue and fought the capitalism party by advocated and socialized the conservation as well as stated to anticipate and refused the project of the dam construction. Women used their sensitivity to the environment a lot to strive for sustainability, which is reflected in this anime.
Potenciais interações medicamentosas em pacientes idosos da clínica médica de um hospital universitário
Authors: Souza Santos Kananda Franciele , Lima Silva Carla Maria , Menezes da Cunha Barros Izadora , Martins Silva Lucas
Published: July 2022

Os incidentes que ocasionam dano ao paciente ocorrem diariamente em instituições de saúde. Estudos revelam que aproximadamente 10% de todos os eventos adversos a medicamentos estão relacionados a uma interação medicamentosa (IM). O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar as potenciais IMs em pacientes da clínica médica de um hospital universitário. O estudo foi do tipo transversal e prospectivo, com abordagem quanti-qualitativa, de agosto a dezembro de 2020. A pesquisa foi realizada com todos os pacientes idosos internados. A coleta de dado foi realizada por meio da análise dos prontuários, do quinto ao décimo dia de internação. Os dados dos pacientes foram analisados através da prescrição com ênfase nos medicamentos que foram administrados. As IMs foram classificadas quanto à gravidade e ao mecanismo de ação de acordo com a base de dados. As intervenções farmacêuticas foram realizadas, quando necessário, e avaliado o grau de aceitação pela equipe de assistência à saúde. Após a coleta, os dados foram registrados e analisados mediante estatística descritiva simples, bem como estatística comparativa. Verificou-se que 33,33% dos pacientes apresentaram possibilidade de desenvolver IM grave, sendo a mais frequente entre espironolactona e losartana, podendo provocar hipercalemia. As intervenções mais realizadas foram a monitorização de sinais, sintomas e achados laboratoriais. Pacientes polimedicados e hipertensos são mais suscetíveis à IM, isso pois os anti-hipertensivos são umas das classes mais envolvidas na ocorrência de IM. Assim, a atuação do farmacêutico pode constituir um dos principais instrumentos de prevenção das IMs, o que pode contribuir para a segurança do paciente.
Selection and functional identification of Dof genes expressed in response to nitrogen in Populus simonii × Populus nigra
Authors: Wang Shenmeng , Wang Ruoning , Yang Chengjun
Published: July 2022

In plants, Dof transcription factors are involved in regulating the expression of a series of genes related to N uptake and utilization. Therefore, the present study investigated how DNA-binding with one finger (Dof) genes are expressed in response to nitrogen (N) form and concentration to clarify the role of Dof genes and their functions in promoting N assimilation and utilization in poplar. The basic characteristics and expression patterns of Dof genes in poplar were analyzed by the use of bioinformatics methods. Dof genes expressed in response to N were screened, after which the related genes were cloned and transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana; the physiological indexes and the expression of related genes were subsequently determined. The function of Dof genes was then verified in Arabidopsis thaliana plants grown in the presence of different N forms and concentrations. Forty-four Dof genes were identified, most of which were expressed in the roots and young leaves, and some of the Dof genes were expressed under ammonia- and nitrate-N treatments. Three genes related to N induction were cloned, their proteins were found to localize in the nucleus, and PnDof30 was successfully transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana for functional verification. On comparing Arabidopsis thaliana with WT Arabidopsis thaliana plants, Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing the Dof gene grew better under low N levels; the contents of soluble proteins and chlorophyll significantly increased, while the soluble sugar content significantly decreased. The expressions of several AMT, NRT, and GS genes were upregulated, while the expressions of several others were downregulated, and the expression of PEPC and PK genes significantly increased. In addition, the activity of PEPC, PK, GS, and NR enzymes significantly increased. The results showed that overexpression of PnDof30 significantly increased the level of carbon and N metabolism and improved the growth of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants under low-N conditions. The study revealed the biological significance of poplar Dof transcription factors in N response and regulation of related downstream gene expression and provided some meaningful clues to explain the huge difference between poplar and Arabidopsis thaliana transformed by exogenous Dof gene, which could promote the comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanism of efficient N uptake and utilization in trees.
Measurement of anti SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG in saliva: validation of a highly sensitive assay and effects of the sampling collection method and correction by protein
Authors: Martínez-Subiela Silvia , Franco-Martínez Lorena , Rubio Camila P. , Muñoz-Prieto Alberto , Torres-Cantero Alberto , Tecles Fernando , Sánchez-Resalt Cristina , Cerón José J. , Tvarijonaviciute Asta
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To develop and evaluate a new highly sensitive assay to detect IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD in saliva samples.

Methods

A two-step sandwich type immunoassay based on the amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous technology was developed and an analytical validation was performed. As a part of this validation, the influence of factors, such as different sampling conditions (stimulated saliva and passive drool) and the correction of values by total protein content, in the ability of saliva to detect increases in antibodies after an immune stimulus and be an alternative to serum, was evaluated. For this purpose, paired samples of saliva and serum at different times after vaccination were used.

Results

Saliva concentrations were lower than serum, but both fluids showed similar kinetics, with higher correlations when saliva was obtained by passive flow and the results were not corrected by protein.

Conclusions

The developed method showed a good analytical performance and can properly measure antibody concentrations in saliva of vaccinated individuals. However, saliva could have a lower sensitivity compared to serum at initial stages of the immune response and also when the antibody response decreased after a stimulus.
Antimicrobial activities of the extracts and secondary metabolites fromClausenagenus – A review
Authors: Musa Abdullahi , Aminah Nanik Siti , Davies-Bolorunduro Olabisi Flora , Kristanti Alfinda Novi , Suhaili  , Islami Amalina Izzatul , Wai Theint Su , Naing Thae Thae Su Pyae
Published: July 2022

Antimicrobial drug resistance has become a global challenge and one of utmost concern due to the global epidemiological infections. Medicinal plants have long performed an essential role in medicine and can be an essential source of recent antimicrobials and techniques for treating resistance.Clausenais a genus in the Rutaceae family which are widely recognized and utilized in traditional medicines. Many members of this genus have been a primary source of medications and drug history. The antimicrobial effectiveness of the secondary metabolites from the roots, stems, leaves, rhizomes, twigs, seeds, fruits, and flowers of severalClausenaspecies has been widely examined and was found to be more effective against bacteria withClausena anisatabeing the most promising specie. A total of 16 active compounds including 12 alkaloids, 2 coumarins, and 2 terpenoids were reported to be isolated from different parts of the plant species with mukonal being the only compound that shows dual potency both against fungi and protozoa. This review aims to sum up research advances made from 2000 to date, on the antibacterial, antifungal, and antiprotozoal activities ofClausenaspecies, and highlight the potential use ofClausenaplants in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.
The Time Domain Linear Sampling Method for Determining the Shape of Multiple Scatterers Using Electromagnetic Waves
Authors: Lähivaara Timo , Monk Peter , Selgas Virginia
Published: July 2022

The time domain linear sampling method (TD-LSM) solves inverse scattering problems using time domain data by creating an indicator function for the support of the unknown scatterer. It involves only solving a
linear integral equation called the near-field equation using different data from sampling points that probe the domain where the scatterer is located. To date,
the method has been used for the acoustic wave equation and has been tested for several different types of scatterers, i.e. sound hard, impedance, and
penetrable, and for waveguides. In this paper, we extend the TD-LSM to the time dependent Maxwell’s system with impedance boundary conditions – a
similar analysis handles the case of a perfect electric conductor (PEC). We provide an analysis that supports the use of the TD-LSM for this problem, and preliminary numerical tests of the algorithm. Our analysis
relies on the Laplace transform approach previously used for the acoustic wave equation. This is the first application of the TD-LSM in electromagnetism.
Pronouns, metonymy, and identity
Authors: Sweetser Eve
Published: July 2022

Although formal linguists have focused on the deictic and (co)referential functions of pronouns, social categorization and identity are deeply involved in pronominal usage. I argue here that even the understanding of pronounreferencerequires us to go beyond extensional (co)-reference. The extensive literature on linguistic categorization has focused on nouns more than on verbs, as has work on metonymy – but not on pronouns. Here I present two case studies, one of third-person pronouns and one of first-plural pronouns. In one I argue that cognitive science findings on categorization make it impossible for a masculine noun/pronoun usage to be truly “generic” in gender reference. The other examines the ways in which identity and group structure shape the possibilities for plural pronoun reference, in particular with respect to first-person plural (we) uses. To understand the principles of reference for these pronouns, we need to apply theoretical frameworks developed for lexical meaning: frames, category structure, prototypes, categorial metonymy and frame metonymy.
Rhythm in verse
Authors: Brandt Line
Published: July 2022

This paper on rhythm is an adaptation of the semiotic research on rhythm in versified language presented as one of the seven types of poetic iconicity in Chapter 5 of The Communicative Mind: A Linguistic Exploration of Conceptual Integration and Meaning Construction (L. Brandt 2013) entitled “Effects of poetic enunciation: Seven types of iconicity”. Defined by the linebreak, poetic language use engenders distinctive interpretive affordances, some of which manifest themselves as emphatically iconic sign relations contributing to the expressive whole of a text. In “Effects of poetic enunciation”, I explore syntactic, semantic, phonetic, rhythmic and rhetorical aspects of the phenomenon of semiotic iconicity, and its counterpart aniconicity, in language characterized by an intentionally (line)broken syntax and contribute a systematic account of the different types of semiotic iconicity relations, understood as figural or diagrammatic similarity relations – or, conversely, potent dissimilarity relations, i.e. aniconicity – between expressive means and semantic content. Rhythmic iconicity is the fifth type of iconicity in this typology.
Partial discharge calibrator of a cavity inside high-voltage insulator
Authors: Hamoodi Ali N. , Hamoodi Safwan A. , Mohammed Rasha A.
Published: July 2022

This article displayed the method of partial discharge (PD) measurement in high-voltage insulator and calibrating the effective element (capacitor) to enhance the PD signal. The cavity shapes were plate–plate, cylindrical and spherical inside the solid insulator. The proposed system enables from detecting the reverse and main discharge, respectively, through the rise and tail time of the pulses. PD that took place was bounded with internal cavities. Proteus simulator and Matlab simulation models were used to measure and display the PD signal. The results showed PD-calibrated waveforms and the voltage values across the cavity (V
c). Finally, this work concluded that the spherical cavity shape gave a higher value of the calibrated capacitor and lower voltage across the cavity (V
c) for both models.
A CP/MAS 13C NMR investigation of cellulose ultrastructure in traditional Chinese handmade papers
Authors: Liu Peng , Jin Chao , Zhang Kai , Xue Yu , Gao Boxu , Jia Yingshuai , Yan Yueer , Zhang Hongbin , Wang Sinong , Tang Yi
Published: July 2022

Cellulose-based handmade paper records a substantial amount of historical data and promotes human civilization. Due to the complexity of its structure and external factors, the deterioration of paper in the restoration of ancient books cannot be completely stopped. Nonetheless, the lack of microstructure analysis of handmade paper limits the understanding of its aging mechanism and storage life-span. Herein, CP/MAS 13C NMR method was used to estimate the cellulose types, crystallinity, average lateral fibril dimension (LFD), and the average lateral fibril aggregate dimension (LFAD), relying on integrated spectral fitting from C1, C4, and C6 regions, respectively. Consequently, cellulose I

β
crystals were predominant in all handmade paper samples. Based on the results of C4 and C6 regions by peak separation method, bast paper (Kaihua paper and Yingchun paper) demonstrated a higher crystallinity than bamboo paper (Yuanshu paper). Additional analysis of the C4 data revealed that bast papers exhibit larger cellulose microfibrils, and their LFDs and LFADs were greater than bamboo papers. Moreover, external stress of Wiley milling reduced the LFAD from the original 9 elementary fibrils to 4 elementary fibrils with unchanged LFDs.
TPU-based porous heterostructures by combined techniques
Authors: Longo Alessandra , Giannetti Deborah , Tammaro Daniele , Costanzo Salvatore , Di Maio Ernesto
Published: July 2022

The production of thermoplastic polyurethane-based porous heterostructures combining physical foaming with fused deposition modeling is detailed in this contribution. The choice of combining these two techniques lies in the possibility of creating objects endowed with a dual-scale structure at millimeter scale by fused deposition modeling and at microscopic scale by gas foaming. Thermal stability and rheological properties of the neat polymer were studied prior to foaming to design a suitable processing protocol and three different combined techniques are proposed: pressure quench, temperature rise and direct 3D foam printing. Foam morphologies were evaluated by SEM and foamed samples were characterized by thermal and mechanical analyses to highlight the differences among the combined processing techniques. Samples foamed via pressure quench exhibit the highest degree of crystallinity and a uniform cell morphology, also resulting in the largest stiffness. The results presented in this contribution open up the possibility of producing objects with complex geometry and porosity architecture at the dual scale.
A hybrid particle swarm optimization with multi-objective clustering for dermatologic diseases diagnosis
Authors: Baireddy Ravinder Reddy , Nagaraja R.
Published: July 2022

Effective and personalized treatment relies heavily on skin disease categorization. In the stratification of skin disorders, it is crucial to identify the subtypes of illnesses to provide an efficient therapy. To attain this aim, researchers have focused their attention on cluster algorithms for the stratification of skin disorders in recent decades. But, cluster algorithms have real-world drawbacks, including experimental noises, a large number of dimensions, and a poor ability to comprehend. Cluster algorithms, in particular, determine the quality of clusters using a single internal evaluation operation in the majority of cases. A single internal assessment procedure is difficult to design and robust for all datasets, which is a problem. The multi-objective particle swarm obtained high sensitivity in the existing work, but it is not able to anticipate all kinds of classes. An optimized cluster distance parameter for K-means clustering is determined using a hybrid particle swarm and moth flame optimization. Multi-objective is guided by two cluster value indices, including the K-means clustering misclassification rate and neural network classification rate. Hybrid PSO will solve the multi-objective problem to identify the optimal cluster for clustering. On the dermatological dataset from the UCI repository, MATLAB R2020a will be used to evaluate the proposed method. This will be followed by an evaluation of the proposed method’s performance using the cluster evaluation indices.
Diabetic ketoacidosis masquerading behind alkalemia an undiagnosed or missed variant of diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Rajasegaran Vishnu Priyaa , Tamilarasan Preethi , Kalaimani Thambiprabagarane
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a common emergency in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. But rarely, they may present with alkalemia instead of acidosis. Diabetic ketoalkalosis which has been reported in adults can also be present in children with type 1 DM. The usual factors causing alkalemia were not found in our patients. This entity may manifest in both newly diagnosed and treated patients.

Case presentation

The first patient, an 8 year male presented with features of DKA, was diagnosed for the first time as type 1 DM, but was found to have alkalemia. The second patient, a 7 year female was a known case of Type 1 DM on insulin, who presented with dehydration and alkalemia. Both were treated with hydration and insulin and made complete recovery.

Conclusions

A normal or alkalotic pH does not essentially eliminate DKA and needs to be evaluated further to identify the underlying acid–base disturbance.
The role of advanced nuclear reactors in non-electrical and strategic applications, producing sustainable energy supplies and reducing the greenhouse gasses
Authors: Hedayat Afshin
Published: July 2022

Nowadays, nuclear reactors became extremely fascinating not only for most of the nuclear communities but also for the prominent energy suppliers to fix the global warming effects worldwide. This paper presents a review of the last advances, applications, and challenges of nuclear reactors. Different types and classifications are introduced. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed for best decision-making. Next, nuclear safety is also discussed as the most important challenging subject to develop nuclear reactors worldwide. They are specially mentioned to find the key solution for the future of nuclear energy. A brief review of nuclear roadmaps is compared with other clean green technologies as well. Estimated prospects for projects timelines and progressions of new nuclear reactors are also presented and discussed briefly. Studies confirmed that nuclear reactors are not only required for developing non-electrical applications or even high-tech systems but also they are extremely profitable to restrict global warming effects. Finally, the solution is to enhance the markets of the nuclear reactors, especially the matured Gen III+ Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs) to resolve short-term problems as well as advanced futuristic developing Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) for the mid-term and long-term strategies. Moreover, research reactors especially advanced Multi-Purpose Research Reactors (MPRR) are necessary tools to develop both nuclear power plants and other advanced technologies as well as the modern Micro Modular Reactors.
Is resource partitioning between two sympatric species of Gracilinanus (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) related to trophic and spatial niches?
Authors: Azevedo Cristiano Schetini de , Paula Camilla de Souza , Teixeira Camila Palhares , Lessa Leonardo Guimarães
Published: July 2022

Small mammal species may occur in sympatry, and it is relevant to investigate the mechanisms that lead to coexistence of the closely related species. Despite this, studies evaluating the coexistence of closely related Neotropical marsupials are insipient. The aim of this study was to analyse the mechanisms of resource partitioning between the sympatric species of mouse opossums Gracilinanus agilis and G. microtarsus (Didelphidae), evaluating their trophic and spatial niche. We hypothesized that G. agilis and G. microtarsus differ in at least one niche dimension (space use or food preferences) as a mechanism of coexistence. In the study we analysed trophic niche by evaluating the frequency of occurrence of food items present in Gracilinanus faeces. Also, we analysed spatial niche by comparing the vegetal stratum where the individuals were captured and its relationship with the environmental complexity. Both species presented a high trophic niche overlap, with differences in the frequencies of occurrence of the consumed items. Although the most frequent items in the faeces were Hymenoptera, Isoptera and Coleoptera, their proportion differed significantly between the two species. The variety of food items also differed, with flowers being more frequent in G. agilis diet, whereas fruits were more recorded for G. microtarsus. The spatial niche was very similar, with both species being more captured in the forest understory. However, habitat complexity influenced the abundance of both species, especially litter depth and its biomass of leaves. The results indicated that the coexistence of the two species is associated with the trophic and spatial niche, and that this niche segregation could be allowing closely related species of Gracilinanus to coexist.
The perinatal factors that influence the excretion of fecal calprotectin in premature-born children
Authors: Cekovic Jelena R. , Prodanovic Nikola S. , Mijailovic Sara S. , Knezevic Sanja M. , Vuletic Biljana P. , Stojkovic Andjelka K. , Savic Dragana M. , Prodanovic Tijana V. , Stanojevic Marina M. , Simovic Aleksandra M.
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to provide additional information on the influence of perinatal factors on fecal (f)-calprotectin values in preterm infants. Calprotectin was determined from the first spontaneous stool (analyzed on the Alegria device by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] method) obtained from neonates at a mean age of 3.41 ± 2.44 days of life. We analyzed 114 subjects who had a body weight of 1847.67 ± 418.6 g and were born at a gestational age of 32.6 ± 2.43 weeks, without intestinal and other congenital anomalies or any diseases other than those related to premature birth. The values of f-calprotectin are in a positive correlation with female subjects, intrauterine growth restriction, significant ductus arteriosus, enteral feeding intolerance, postnatal prolonged use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, and values ​​of bicarbonates (analyzed in a sample of capillary arterial blood). Measurement of f-calprotectin in the first 7 days after birth can help to early detect the intestinal distress or early staging of necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants.
The Law and Economics of Behavioral Regulation
Authors: Tor Avishalom
Published: July 2022

This article examines the law and economics of behavioral regulation (“nudging”), which governments and organizations increasingly use to substitute for and complement traditional instruments. To advance its welfare-based assessment, Section 1 examines alternative nudging definitions and Section 2 considers competing nudges taxonomies. Section 3 describes the benefits of nudges and their regulatory appeal, while Section 4 considers their myriad costs—most notably the private costs they generate for their targets and other market participants. Section 5 then illustrates the assessment of public and private welfare nudges using cost-benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, and rationality-effects analysis.