bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on pricing strategy of online education products considering consumers' matching degree and price comparison behavior
Authors: Zhang Xiaonan , Gu Xiubin , Qu Yi
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The uncertainty of consumers' perceived value makes online education enterprises face great challenge in developing the pricing strategy. So the purpose of this paper is to research the pricing strategies of online education products by considering knowledge consumers' characteristics.

Design/methodology/approach

Considering consumer matching degree and price comparison, this study establishes the utility functions of consumers in normal sales period and discount selling period. On this basis, the research builds pricing models of the online education enterprise under the strategy of price undertaking and intertemporal pricing strategy. It further discusses the impact of consumer matching degree, consumer price sensitivity and different types of consumers on the product price and profit of online education enterprises, and reveals the optimal pricing strategy of the enterprise.

Findings

Consumer matching degree and price sensitivity coefficient have positive effects on product price and enterprise profit, but they have different effects on product demand; there are differences in the perceived value of the three types of consumers, and matching consumers are the optimal consumer group; the intertemporal pricing strategy is better than the strategy of price undertaking only when the price sensitivity coefficient is greater than a critical value.

Originality/value

This study enriches the literature on the pricing model of online education products and owns a practical significance to guide the online enterprise to make marketing strategies to increase profit.
A new group decision-making method with incomplete intuitionistic multiplicative preference relations
Authors: Lu Xiao Yun , Li Hecheng , Hao Qiong
Published: February 2022

Purpose

Consistency and consensus are two important research issues in group decision-making (GDM). Considering some drawbacks associated with these two issues in existing GDM methods with intuitionistic multiplicative preference relations (IMPRs), a new GDM method with complete IMPRs (CIMPRs) and incomplete IMPRs (ICIMPRs) is proposed in this paper.

Design/methodology/approach

A mathematically programming model is constructed to judge the consistency of CIMPRs. For the unacceptably consistent CIMPRs, a consistency-driven optimization model is constructed to improve the consistency level. Meanwhile, a consistency-driven optimization model is constructed to supplement the missing values and improve the consistency level of the ICIMPRs. As to GDM with CIMPRs, first, a mathematically programming model is built to obtain the experts' weights, after that a consensus-driven optimization model is constructed to improve the consensus level of CIMPRs, and finally, the group priority weights of alternatives are obtained by an intuitionistic fuzzy programming model.

Findings

The case analysis of the international exchange doctoral student selection problem shows the effectiveness and applicability of this GDM method with CIMPRs and ICIMPRs.

Originality/value

First, a novel consistency definition of CIMPRs is presented. Then, a consistency-driven optimization model is constructed, which supplements the missing values and improves the consistency level of ICIMPRs simultaneously. Therefore, this model greatly improves the efficiency of consistency improving. Experts' weights determination method considering the subjective and objective information is proposed. The priority weights of alternatives are determined by an intuitionistic fuzzy (IF) programming model considering the risk preference of experts, so the method determining priority weights is more flexible and agile. Based on the above theoretical basis, a new GDM method with CIMPRs and ICIMPRs is proposed in this paper.
A quantitative review of LIS programs accredited by ALA and CILIP under contemporary technology advancement
Authors: Yew Andrew Chean Yang , Chiu Dickson K.W. , Nakamura Yuriko , Li King Kwan
Published: February 2022

Purpose

Advancements in technology have led to many changes in the field of Library and Information Science (LIS). As global communications and technology continue to become more available and sophisticated, LIS programs need to prepare students for employment in rapidly changing and globalized LIS professions.

Design/methodology/approach

Data from a total of 63 programs from the American Library Association (ALA) and 32 programs from the Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals (CILIP) was collected through openly accessible websites of these programs. Areas explored include program name, name and level of the academic unit offering the program, credit hours, required courses, percentage of required courses and capstone measurements used within the different LIS programs.

Findings

A majority of programs still preserve the keyword “Library” in their name, but not the academic units offering them. Most programs in ALA and CILIP follow a semester-based program. Research methods, internships, practical experience, combined with traditional library core and information technology requirements were found to constitute the major subjects in general. Comprehensive exams were replaced by e-portfolios among ALA programs while a dissertation remains the preferred choice of capstone requirement for CILIP.

Originality/value

Scant studies compare accredited LIS programs worldwide, motivating the study of the similarities, differences and trends of LIS programs under the current globalized technology-driven knowledge economy. This paper seeks to fill the literature gap and promote a global discussion and understanding of LIS curricula in different regions of the world, guiding potential students to select their suitable LIS programs.
Enhancing customer satisfaction with chatbots: the influence of anthropomorphic communication styles and anthropomorphised roles
Authors: Xu Ying , Zhang Jianyu , Chi Rui , Deng Guangkuan
Published: February 2022

Purpose

Chatbots are increasingly used in online retail settings and are becoming a powerful tool for brands to engage customers. However, consumers’ satisfaction with these chatbots is mixed. Thus, this paper aims to investigate how using a social- versus task-oriented anthropomorphic communication style can improve customer satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors explore the link between the anthropomorphic communication style use and customer perceptions/customer satisfaction in online customer service interactions. Two experiment scenarios were developed to test these links.

Findings

Overall, using a social-oriented communication style boosts customer satisfaction. Warmth perception of the chatbot mediates this effect, while chatbot’s anthropomorphised role (servant versus partner) moderates this effect.

Originality/value

This paper enriches the bilateral communication literature by extending the investigation on communication style effects to chatbot service interactions and revealing the psychological process driving the impacts. It also adds to the existing literature on chatbots as a customer service and contributes to the prominent topic examining how consumers react to artificial intelligence that is used to establish and maintain a relationship with them. Additionally, the authors also make contribution to the warmth and competence literature by demonstrating that customers can interpret social cues in chatbot service interactions mainly based on the warmth dimension. Thus, the authors further add to the growing chatbot humanness perception literature and respond to the calls for investigating more anthropomorphic design cues to enhance chatbot humanness. Finally, the authors also provide a way to help reconcile seemingly conflicting prior findings.
User-friendly street- a study on users' perception ranking on physical attributes of pedestrian environment of Dhaka city
Authors: Israt Abontika Sara , Hassan Ahmad Sanusi
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to examine the current physical qualities and activities of pedestrian environment from the perspective of the users' needs and perceptions for making user-friendly streets in Dhaka city.

Design/methodology/approach

Case study research approach was adapted with a mixed method approach in data collection and analysis to gather information about the interrelationship concerning the variables. The questionnaire survey and direct observation was conducted with the users of the streets to get the actual scenes of the study areas. For the findings, multiple sources of evidence were triangulated and used to analyze which were derived from the convergence of the data.

Findings

The findings of this study show that the needs for the factors which make people to use the street are similar with the previous theories derived by different scholars. The results establish that making of user-friendly street from the users' perspective has a significant relationship with the attributes of public spaces in the context of Dhaka. Correlation among the attributes of public spaces concerning sociability, uses and activities, access and linkage and safety, comfort and image showed the issues affecting the pedestrian environment toward a crucial condition in Dhaka city.

Research limitations/implications

Time allocation, inadequacy of secondary data sources and earlier research on this topic in the context of Dhaka city, were the primary limitations to let an in-depth and full exploration of the research.

Originality/value

The study provided a detailed representation of Dhaka's users' perception of the pedestrian environment. This study suggests a new perspective of bettering pedestrian experience in the city center.
Place attachment, migratory behaviour and its impact on economic activity: a study with special reference to Eastern India
Authors: Adhikari Subrato , Mandal Anirban , Kujur Fedric , Guha Sriparna
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The aim of this study is to define the aspects of place attachment and their effect on migratory behaviour. It also aims to identify the connection between migration decision-making and workforce supply at the source, as well as to track the impact of adequate employment supplies and the improvement on employment generation.

Design/methodology/approach

A primary study was conducted among the migrants who returned back during nationwide lockdown with the help of tested structured questionnaire. The variables identified through review of literature and pilot study are tested using a structural equation modelling model.

Findings

The result exhibited that all hypothesised relationships had a positive and significant connection. The overall results showed there is a significant and positive connection between place attachment and migratory behaviour, and both have a positive impact on economic activity.

Originality/value

This survey is conducted in the districts of West Bengal, India. There are several documents on the connection to the place attachment and the migratory behaviour. There are, however, no studies focusing on place attachment and its effect on economic activity on West Bengal, India, where migration is a serious problem. This is the first article that discusses three main concepts together such as place attachment, migratory behaviours and its influence on the economic activity of the districts of West Bengal, India.
Restoring public confidence through the delivery of improved community policing in Rackhamshire
Authors: O’Reilly Carina , Agnew-Pauley Winifred , Lundrigan Sam
Published: February 2022

Purpose

Neighbourhood policing is central to supporting public confidence in England and Wales. However, the delivery of neighbourhood policing models is increasingly fragmented and under pressure from austerity measures and from changes to demand and priorities. This research aims to understand the current state of neighbourhood policing in the county of “Rackhamshire” and its ability to support public confidence.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted six focus groups, three with officers who were part of Community Policing Teams (CPTs) and three with members of the community who were actively engaged with community policing and local concerns. These were supplemented by two interviews with senior officers (35 participants in total).

Findings

Austerity-driven changes to policing in Rackhamshire have damaged the capacities of CPTs and residents have begun to lose confidence in the ability of the police to respond to their fears. The authors argue that reforms intended to make policing more efficient and effective appear to have the opposite effect on community policing, by preventing it from working in a way that can support public confidence and that this could have longer-term consequences.

Originality/value

The effects of austerity on the mechanisms by which neighbourhood policing supports confidence have been relatively neglected. By exploring the state of these mechanisms in one English constabulary, this research has exposed serious weaknesses in the way that community policing is able to support public confidence and suggests practical operational responses. In light of these findings, this study argues for the urgent reinstatement of earlier models of neighbourhood policing.
Five strategic tech and talent trends for 2022 and beyond
Authors: Cooney Haynes , Marshall Anthony , Zaharchuk David
Published: February 2022

Purpose

Over the past year, the IBM Institute for Business Value (IBV) surveyed and interviewed tens of thousands of executives, employees and consumers around the world to learn what high-performing organizations are doing differently, and where executives are making the biggest bets.

Design/methodology/approach

After thousands of interviews over several years the researchers identified five trends that executives can explore to help prepare for a future characterized by disruption and change.

Findings

Executives are learning how to redefine how humans and technology work together.

Practical/implications

Businesses need to reinvent their operations holistically to realize the full benefits of digital transformation.

Originality/value

A comprehensive record of strategic tech and talent trends the leaders can use to prepare for 2022 and beyond.
Interorganizational coworking: attenuating complexity, enhancing resilience and fostering open innovation and knowledge cocreation
Authors: Hysa Xhimi , Themeli Artemisa
Published: February 2022

Purpose

This study aims to explore how interorganizational coworking spaces (CWS) affect complexity, resilience, open innovation and knowledge cocreation.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a qualitative study using the exploratory design. Data are gathered through semistructured interviews and naturalistic observation in six different CWS.

Findings

In line with previous studies, the findings show that being in a CWS with professionals of various backgrounds and contained levels of diversity make people prone to communication and knowledge sharing. Differently from previous research about knowledge creation in CWS, this study discovered that knowledge cocreation was only averagely affected. Complexity and resilience were the most influenced dimensions with scores higher than average, followed by open innovation and knowledge cocreation.

Research limitations/implications

Main limitations are related to the qualitative method itself which may not reach the data saturation and with the nonsynergistic analysis of all dimensions together. A further limitation arose because of the COVID-19 pandemic which contributed to downsizing the number of participants while restricting the options of the involved research instruments. The implications for research are related to a need for further studies using large-scale surveys to strengthen the reliability of research. Additionally, more research is needed to explore the multiple dimensions of open innovation, complexity and resilience in CWS.

Practical implications

For CWS providers, it is recommended to create thematic/clustered areas of collaboration based on specific professions. For early-stage businesses, freelancers and micro/entrepreneurial firms that do not wish to lease their own office, CWS provide an opportunity for value cocreation and open innovation.

Social implications

CWS, either physical or virtual, can be used as a retreat approach and a socialization platform, especially for those in need to recover from post-traumatic stress due to the imposed isolation caused by COVID-19 pandemic.

Originality/value

Given the unexplored phenomena of complexity and resilience in CWS, the major contribution of this research is related to the impact of interorganizational coworking upon complexity and resilience.
The dynamics of structure, social interaction and flow – the case of Rosenborg Ballklub
Authors: Steiro Trygve J. , Syvertsen Carsten M. , Saksvik Per Øystein , Vennatrø Ragnar Magnus
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to look into the extraordinary performance of Rosenborg Ballklub (RBK) under coach Nils Arne Eggens’ leadership with several appearances in the Champions League, competing with more clubs with more resources.

Design/methodology/approach

In-depth interviews with the coach and key players. Also combining with document studies.

Findings

This study identified six key postulates that could be viewed as a minimal structure that was important for creating a picture of how Rosenborg’s attack play should be carried out. This study identifies a high commitment to the way of playing. Even if the way of playing was well known, the play was carried out with both a high pace and precision, making it hard for opponents to defend. The play pattern is closely linked to social interaction. Furthermore, the playing pattern was reproduced repeatedly, creating a platform for collective mastery.

Research limitations/implications

The current study provides a detailed insight into the development of performance within a football club using different approaches. However, creating a common picture of what should be performed.

Practical implications

The current study can provide insight to football clubs but also other teams identifying a common pattern based on certain values.

Social implications

The study of Rosenborg Ballklub demonstrates the combinations of individual characters and strength (signature strength) within a collective using a holistic and complementary approach. One should focus on the strength of the team.

Originality/value

Original in understanding the way RBK performed. It also demonstrates a unique insight in applying flow theory as a means of developing a football team.
Leaders' attitudes towards, and commitment to quality management of training within the military
Authors: Els Renier Christiaan , Meyer Helen H.W.
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The successful implementation of quality management in organizations is dependent on people, particularly leaders. It seems as if leaders' affective states (attitudes and commitment) in the military were connected to their capability to inspire people and a group (corps training unit) to achieve a common goal. The research reported in this article was aimed at examining officers in corps training units' attitudes towards, and commitment to quality management in training in the South African Army.

Design/methodology/approach

Focus group interviews were conducted with a sample of 49 officers on various levels (senior, junior and warrant officers) at six South African Army corps training units.

Findings

The findings indicate that the attitudes of leaders played a significant role to ensure that quality management of training is conducted effectively. Participants experienced that leaders in the South African Army were mostly responsible for the negative attitudes of officers in corps training units. Inadequate leadership support and lack of trust contributed to a lack of transparency and poor communication that resulted in poor commitment among officers at corps training units. The investigation further revealed that a positive affective state (attitudes and commitment) of leaders is essential in ensuring effective quality management of training.

Originality/value

The potential usefulness of this research may provide insight into how leaders' affective state could be improved to ensure effective quality management. This research may also be of interest to other organizations that conduct in-house training.
Effects of immune checkpoint blockade on antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells for use in adoptive cellular therapy
Authors: Ogando‐Rivas Elizabeth , Castillo Paul , Jones Noah , Trivedi Vrunda , Drake Jeffrey , Dechkovskaia Anjelika , Candelario Kate M. , Yang Changlin , Mitchell Duane A.
Published: February 2022

Adoptive T‐cell therapies have been successfully used as prophylaxis or treatment for immunocompromised patients at risk of viral infections or advanced cancers. Unfortunately, for some refractory cancers, they have failed. To overcome this, checkpoint inhibitors are used to rescue immune antitumor responses. We hypothesized that in vitro checkpoint blockade during T‐cell stimulation and expansion with messenger RNA (mRNA)–pulsed DCs may enhance the activity of antigen‐specific T cells and improve the efficacy of adoptive cellular therapy platforms. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐seropositive donors to generate DCs. These were pulsed with CMV matrix phosphoprotein 65 (CMVpp65)‐mRNA to educate T cells in coculture for 15 days. Three checkpoint blockade conditions were evaluated (anti‐PD1, anti‐Tim3, and anti‐PD1 + Tim3). IL‐2 and antibodies blockades were added every 3 days. Immunophenotyping was performed on Day 0 and Day 15. Polyfunctional antigen‐specific responses were evaluated upon rechallenge with CMVpp65 peptides. CMVpp65‐activated CD8+ T cells upregulate Lag3 and Tim3 (P ≤ 0.0001). Tim3 antibody blockade alone or in combination led to a significant upregulation of Lag3 expression on CD8+ pp65Tetramer+ central memory, effector memory, and terminal effector memory cells re‐expressing RA (TEMRA) T cells. This latter T‐cell subset uniquely maintains double‐positive Tim3/Lag3 expression after checkpoint blockade. By contrast, PD1 blockade had minimal effects on Tim3 or Lag3 expression. In addition, IFN‐γ secretion was reduced in T cells treated with Tim3 blockade in a dose‐dependent manner (P = 0.004). In this study, we have identified a potential activating component of Tim3 and linkage between Tim3 and Lag3 signaling upon blocking the Tim3 axis during T‐cell–antigen‐presenting cell interactions that should be considered when targeting immune checkpoints for clinical use.
Relationship between pediatric intensive care unit length of stay and 24‐h unplanned readmission rate
Authors: Bhat Moodakare Ashwini , Soto‐Campos Gerardo , Scanlon Matthew C.
Published: February 2022

Objective

To evaluate the relationship between pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) severity‐adjusted length of stay (LOS) and 24‐h unplanned readmission rate.

Data Source

Data were obtained from a 10‐year cohort from 2009 to 2018 from the Virtual Pediatric Systems (VPS, LLC) database.

Study Design

In this retrospective study, standardized LOS ratio was computed for each PICU as the ratio of the sum of actual LOS divided by the predicted LOS for each PICU using VPS predictive LOS model. Correlation between standardized LOS ratios and 24‐h unplanned readmission rates were computed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.

Principal Findings

There was practically no relationship between standardized LOS ratio and 24‐h readmission rate (R2 = 0.05).

Data Collection/Extraction Methods

Not Applicable.

Conclusions

Severity‐adjusted LOS has no relationship with 24‐h unplanned readmission rate. These findings suggest that the relationship between PICU severity‐adjusted LOS and 24‐h unplanned readmission rate should not be used as a balancing quality measure.
Valorization of fish byproducts: Sources to end‐product applications of bioactive protein hydrolysate
Authors: Nirmal Nilesh Prakash , Santivarangkna Chalat , Rajput Mithun Singh , Benjakul Soottawat , Maqsood Sajid
Published: February 2022

Fish processing industries result in an ample number of protein‐rich byproducts, which have been used to produce protein hydrolysate (PH) for human consumption. Chemical, microbial, and enzymatic hydrolysis processes have been implemented for the production of fish PH (FPH) from diverse types of fish processing byproducts. FPH has been reported to possess bioactive active peptides known to exhibit various biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, angiotensin‐I converting enzyme inhibition, calcium‐binding ability, dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV inhibition, immunomodulation, and antiproliferative activity, which are discussed comprehensively in this review. Appropriate conditions for the hydrolysis process (e.g., type and concentration of enzymes, time, and temperature) play an important role in achieving the desired level of hydrolysis, thus affecting the functional and bioactive properties and stability of FPH. This review provides an in‐depth and comprehensive discussion on the sources, process parameters, purification as well as functional and bioactive properties of FPHs. The most recent research findings on the impact of production parameters, bitterness of peptide, storage, and food processing conditions on functional properties and stability of FPH were also reported. More importantly, the recent studies on biological activities of FPH and in vivo health benefits were discussed with the possible mechanism of action. Furthermore, FPH‐polyphenol conjugate, encapsulation, and digestive stability of FPH were discussed in terms of their potential to be utilized as a nutraceutical ingredient. Last but not the least, various industrial applications of FPH and the fate of FPH in terms of limitations, hurdles, future research directions, and challenges have been addressed.
Functional implications of bound phenolic compounds and phenolics–food interaction: A review
Authors: Rocchetti Gabriele , Gregorio Rosa Perez , Lorenzo Jose M. , Barba Francisco J. , Oliveira Paula García , Prieto Miguel A. , Simal‐Gandara Jesus , Mosele Juana I. , Motilva Maria‐Jose , Tomas Merve , Patrone Vania , Capanoglu Esra , Lucini Luigi
Published: February 2022

Sizeable scientific evidence indicates the health benefits related to phenolic compounds and dietary fiber. Various phenolic compounds‐rich foods or ingredients are also rich in dietary fiber, and these two health components may interrelate via noncovalent (reversible) and covalent (mostly irreversible) interactions. Notwithstanding, these interactions are responsible for the carrier effect ascribed to fiber toward the digestive system and can modulate the bioaccessibility of phenolics, thus shaping health‐promoting effects in vivo. On this basis, the present review focuses on the nature, occurrence, and implications of the interactions between phenolics and food components. Covalent and noncovalent interactions are presented, their occurrence discussed, and the effect of food processing introduced. Once reaching the large intestine, fiber‐bound phenolics undergo an intense transformation by the microbial community therein, encompassing reactions such as deglycosylation, dehydroxylation, α‐ and β‐oxidation, dehydrogenation, demethylation, decarboxylation, C‐ring fission, and cleavage to lower molecular weight phenolics. Comparatively less information is still available on the consequences on gut microbiota. So far, the very most of the information on the ability of bound phenolics to modulate gut microbiota relates to in vitro models and single strains in culture medium. Despite offering promising information, such models provide limited information about the effect on gut microbes, and future research is deemed in this field.
A midgut‐specific lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase of Locusta migratoria is indispensable for the deconstruction of the peritrophic matrix
Authors: Qu Ming‐Bo , Guo Xiao‐Xi , Kong Lin , Hou Ling‐Jie , Yang Qing
Published: February 2022

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are important enzymes that boost the hydrolysis of recalcitrant polysaccharides, such as chitin. They are found extensively in different insect species and are classified as auxiliary activities family 15 (AA15) LPMOs (LPMO15). Some of them were identified from the insect midgut and proven to act on chitin. However, knowledge about their physiological roles during insect growth and development remains limited. Here, we found that midgut‐specific LPMO15s are widely distributed in different insect orders, such as the orthopteran Locusta migratoria and the lepidopteran Bombyx mori. Using L. migratoria as a model insect, the function of midgut‐specific LmLPMO15‐3 during development was investigated. Double‐stranded RNA‐mediated downregulation of LmLPMO15‐3 expression at the 4th or 5th instar nymph stage severely decreased the survival rate and resulted in lethal phenotypes. Hematoxylin and eosin staining results indicated that the deficient individuals exhibited incompletely digested peritrophic matrix (PM), which suggested that LmLPMO15‐3 is essential for the deconstruction of the PM during molting. This study provides direct evidence of the physiological importance of a midgut‐specific LPMO15 during insect development. As L. migratoria is one of the most destructive agricultural pests, LmLPMO15‐3 is a potential target for pest management.
Comparative study of the effects of ultrasonic power on the structure and functional properties of gliadin in wheat and green wheat
Authors: Zhang Kangyi , Wen Qingyu , Li Tianqi , Wang Yufei , Zhang Yu , Luo Denglin
Published: February 2022

The impact of different ultrasonic power on the structure and functional properties of wheat gliadin (WG) and green wheat gliadin (GG) was investigated and compared. Ultrasound had no obvious effect on subunit composition and bands of WG and GG, and there were more small molecular weight bands in GG. The results of Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy, intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy analyses demonstrated that ultrasonic treatment had a significant effect on the structure of WG and GG, inducing the transformation from order structure to disorder structure. The dispersion and uniformity were better at 400 and 300 W, respectively. Under proper ultrasonic treatment, the particle size of WG and GG was significantly reduced, and the free sulfhydryl groups and surface hydrophobicity were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the functional properties of WG and GG such as solubility, emulsification properties, water holding and oil holding properties, thermal stability, and digestibility were enhanced. The better functional properties of WG and GG were obtained at 400 and 300 W, respectively. These results indicated that ultrasonic treatment with appropriate power was a valuable method for improving functional characteristics of WG and GG.

Practical Application

Ultrasonic treatment could cause structural changes of wheat gliadin (WG) and green wheat gliadin (GG), and their functional properties are improved under appropriate power. This study compares the effects of ultrasound on WG and GG, and the results will provide theoretical guidance for the development of GG in the food industry.
Combined analysis of inorganic elements and sugars for the identification of red pepper powder containing undeclared ingredients
Authors: Hwang Jihyun , Choi Eunji , Lee Sohee , Chun Hyang Sook , Ahn Sangdoo , Kim Byung Hee
Published: February 2022

This study sought to identify adulterated red pepper powder (RPP) containing undeclared ingredients, such as salts, glucose, Monascus red pigments, and other plant ingredients (e.g., wheat flour, garlic powder, onion powder) using element and sugar analysis methods. Analytical data were obtained for 66 samples of authentic RPP and 12 samples of adulterated RPP. The variables selected to identify the authenticity of RPP include Na, Cl, K, maltohexaose, and maltoheptaose, which partly or totally originate from RPP, salts, or Monascus red pigments. All the 12 samples of commercial seasoned RPP used as models of adulterated RPP and all the 20 blind samples containing ≥10% (w/w) of commercial seasoned RPP were correctly identified by applying the range of the five variables found for the authentic RPP samples. Our findings suggest that combined analyses of the above five constituents could be used to identify adulterated RPP containing undeclared ingredients.

Practical Application

Adulteration of high‐priced spice products, including red pepper powder (RPP), has increasingly become a public concern worldwide as it endangers consumer health and represents economic fraud. This study provides analytical methods that can accurately determine the authenticity of RPP. They would become effective means for protecting producers and suppliers against unfair competition and consumers against health threats.
Second primary tumor after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: A case report
Authors: Miao Kang , Yu Shuangni , Ni Jun , Zhang Xiaotong , Zhang Li
Published: February 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are used to treat many types of cancers. However, the effect of ICIs on second primary tumors is still unclear. Some studied have concluded that ICIs could reduce the incidence of second primary tumors, while others found an increased overall risk of second primary cancer after the introduction of ICIs to the treatment of melanoma. Here, we report the case of a patient with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who was treated with ICIs in combination with antiangiogenic drugs, and subsequently developed a second primary tumor in the context of a favorable curative effect of the primary lung cancer. From this case, we know that good efficacy of ICIs for a primary tumor does not mean that a second primary tumor will never develop, which reminds clinicians to consider the possibility of a second primary tumor rather than treating it directly as disease progression.
Multidimensional profiling depicts infiltrating immune cell heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment of stage IA non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Duan Jin , Lv Guoli , Zhu Nanye , Chen Xin , Shao Yang , Liu Yong , Zhao Wei , Shi Yunfei
Published: February 2022

Background

Emerging evidence has underscored infiltrating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Owing to screening programs, the prevalence of early‐stage NSCLC is growing, but its high recurrence risk and poor survival impose an increasing demand for further understanding the TME.

Methods

Tissue and plasma samples from 33 resectable stage IA NSCLC patients were collected from the surgery and subject to histological and genomic analyses. The distribution of CD8+ T cells, tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs, M1 polarization and M2 polarization), and natural killer (NK) cells (CD56dim and CD56bright) was analyzed. The impact of clinical characteristics and immunotherapy‐related biomarkers on immune cell infiltration were also investigated.

Results

Using multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC), we found a significantly higher M1 polarization proportion of total TAMs in tumor parenchyma than in other tissues, while other immune cells remained stable. Patients under 50 showed higher infiltrating CD8+ T cell density and M1 ratio in tumor tissues. Tumors carrying RAS‐MAPK mutations were associated with significantly increased infiltration of CD8+ T cells. We also identified significantly higher infiltration of CD8+ T cells and enrichment of CD56bright NK cells in high tumor mutation burden (TMB) and high programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) samples, respectively.

Conclusions

Our study highlighted the heterogeneity and dynamics of infiltrating immune cells in stage IA NSCLC TME, featured by M1 TAM enrichment in tumor parenchyma. Age, driver mutation type, TMB, and PD‐L1 level were found to associate with immune cell infiltration in the TME, shedding light on immunotherapy development.
Treatment of apical vaginal prolapse with minimal mesh repair (Uphold): patient‐reported long‐term outcomes and mesh‐related complications
Authors: Munch Anne , Greisen Susanne , Axelsen Susanne Maigaard , Bek Karl Møller , Glavind‐Kristensen Marianne
Published: February 2022

Introduction

To evaluate patient‐reported outcomes and clinical findings after surgery for apical prolapse with the transvaginal Uphold mesh technique. Moreover, to evaluate the rate of mesh‐related complications.

Material and Methods

A historical cohort study of patients who underwent surgery from January 1, 2012 to April 30, 2019, at Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark. Pelvic examination and patient completion of questionnaires were performed in 2018–2019. Information on adverse events and reoperations was obtained from medical records.

Results

A total of 240 patients were operated on using the Uphold mesh, 89% due to recurrent prolapse. Follow‐up was attended by 192 patients (80%). Median follow‐up time was 30 months, interquartile range 19–52. During follow‐up, 29 patients (15%) underwent reoperation due to prolapse and are considered failures. Among the remaining, patient satisfaction was high. Thus, average score for pelvic symptoms affecting daily life was 2, on a scale of 0–10, where 0 represents no symptoms. The Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI‐I) had an average score of 6.4 (1: very much worse; 7 very much better). Preoperatively, 89.5% of the women had grade 2 or more apical prolapse, whereas at follow‐up, this was only 6.1%. Perioperative heavy bleeding needing embolization was observed in one patient (0.5%). Two patients had serious constriction of the ureter and needed re‐operation. Postoperative complications, primarily temporary voiding problems, were observed in 15 patients (8%). Complications during the follow‐up period were registered in 23 patients (12%); eight of these were mesh erosions. Due to complications, 11 patients (6%) needed re‐operation.

Conclusions

The study confirms that the Uphold procedure in a centralized set‐up is a procedure with high patient‐reported satisfaction even in a population characterized by a high proportion of recurrent prolapse. Moreover, the procedure seems safe with acceptable complication rates.
Systematic review of the evidence for resolution of common breastfeeding problems—Ankyloglossia (Tongue Tie)
Authors: Bruney Talitha L. , Scime Natalie V. , Madubueze Ada , Chaput Kathleen H.
Published: February 2022

Aim

Tongue tie is a common problem affecting breastfeeding due to poor infant latch and/or maternal pain. Evidence of whether treatment improves breastfeeding outcomes is conflicting. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to examine the effectiveness of tongue‐tie treatment on breastfeeding difficulties.

Methods

We searched peer‐reviewed and grey literature in MEDLINE (OVID), PubMed, CINAHL Plus, EMBASE and PsycINFO, from 01/1970 to 09/2019. Inclusion: randomised and non‐randomised clinical trials, and quasi‐experimental study designs, involving breastfeeding interventions for full‐term singleton infants, using standardised measure of breastfeeding difficulty. Exclusion: qualitative and purely observational studies, lacked operational definition of breastfeeding difficulty, lacked control/comparison group. We assessed risk of bias, summarised study quality and results and conducted meta‐analysis using random effects modelling.

Results

Six studies on tongue‐tie division were included (4 randomised and 2 non‐randomised). Meta‐analysis of standardised mean differences in breastfeeding difficulty scores in four studies showed statistically significant differences in favour of frenotomy (Pooled SMD +2.12, CI:(0.17–4.08)p = 0.03). Similarly, a statistically significant difference in favour of frenotomy was observed for pain (Pooled SMD −1.68, 95% CI: (−2.87‐ −0.48).

Conclusion

Results support that infant frenotomy is effective for improving standardised scores on breastfeeding difficulty and maternal pain scales and could improve breastfeeding outcomes.
Two‐eyed‐seeing/Etuaptmumk in the colonial archive: Reflections on participatory archival research
Authors: Cullen Declan , Castleden Heather
Published: February 2022

Due to their origins and purpose, institutional archives present us with a set of limits when we seek to use them in struggles against colonialism. Here we explore to what extent we can negotiate those limits and practice participatory historical research. In particular, we explore how our project's direction by Indigenous methodology, a Two‐Eyed Seeing approach, influenced our relationship with the colonial archive. The research reported on in this paper involved establishing a historical narrative from Canadian federal and provincial colonial archives. This narrative was used in conjunction with oral histories from and interviews with Elders and Knowledge‐holders of the Mi'kmaq Nation to document the emergence of social assistance policy as a central aspect of colonial processes. Our historical research was, thus, explicitly tied to understanding the Mi'kmaw struggle for sovereignty in the colonial present. Here we sketch out aspects of our attempt to navigate between the colonial past and colonial present using a participatory approach to the historical geographies of Indigenous–settler relations.
Olanzapine‐associated dose‐dependent alterations for weight and metabolic parameters in a prospective cohort
Authors: Schoretsanitis Georgios , Dubath Céline , Grosu Claire , Piras Marianna , Laaboub Nermine , Ranjbar Setareh , Ansermot Nicolas , Crettol Séverine , Vandenberghe Frederik , Gamma Franziska , von Gunten Armin , Plessen Kerstin Jessica , Seifritz Erich , Conus Philippe , Eap Chin B.
Published: February 2022

Metabolic abnormalities have been associated with olanzapine treatment. We assessed if olanzapine has dose‐dependent effects on metabolic parameters with changes for weight, blood pressure, lipid and glucose profiles being modelled using linear mixed‐effects models. The risk of metabolic abnormalities including early weight gain (EWG) (≥5% during first month) was assessed using mixed‐effects logistic regression models. In 392 olanzapine‐treated patients (median age 38.0 years, interquartile range [IQR] = 26.0–53.3, median dose 10.0 mg/day, IQR = 5.0–10.0 for a median follow‐up duration of 40.0 days, IQR = 20.7–112.2), weight gain was not associated with olanzapine dose (p = 0.61) although it was larger for doses versus ≤10 mg/day (2.54 ± 5.55 vs. 1.61 ± 4.51% respectively, p = 0.01). Treatment duration and co‐prescription of >2 antipsychotics, antidepressants, benzodiazepines and/or antihypertensive agents were associated with larger weight gain (p < 0.05). Lower doses were associated with increase in total and HDL cholesterol and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.05), whereas higher doses were associated with glucose increases (p = 0.01). Patients receiving >10 mg/day were at higher EWG risk (odds risk: 2.15, 1.57–2.97). EWG might be prominent in high‐dose olanzapine‐treated patients with treatment duration and co‐prescription of other medications being weight gain moderators. The lack of major dose‐dependent patterns for weight gain emphasizes that olanzapine‐treated patients are at weight gain risk regardless of the dose.
Academia's responses to crisis: A bibliometric analysis of literature on online learning in higher education during COVID‐19
Authors: Zhang Ling , Carter Richard Allen , Qian Xueqin , Yang Sohyun , Rujimora James , Wen Shuman
Published: February 2022

This paper aimed to provide a holistic view of research that investigated online learning in higher education around the globe during COVID‐19 utilizing a bibliometric analysis. The researchers used co‐citation analysis and text mining afforded by VOSviewer to document and analyze research patterns and topics reported in peer‐reviewed documents published between January 2020 and August 2021. Findings of this study indicated that scholars from 103 countries or regions from the Global North and Global South investigated a wide array of topics, such as use of various technologies and strategies, redesigned curriculum, student perceptions and psychological impacts of the pandemic‐imposed online learning. Many researchers applied technology acceptance theories and structural equation modeling to investigate factors associated with adoption and impacts of the pandemic‐imposed online learning. Of the large quantity of research, medical education and chemical education were the most investigated disciplines. Inquiry‐based learning, discovery learning, hands‐on learning and collaborative learning emerged as instructional approaches frequently discussed or utilized across the target studies. This paper discussed (a) ongoing and emerging challenges to online higher education, (b) placing innovative pedagogies at the forefront of online learning, and (c) rapid, but imbalanced distribution of evolving literature based on the findings.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

Online learning had attracted growing traction as a flexible and affordable means to complement traditional higher education prior to COVID‐19.

Higher education institutions (HEIs), faculty and students around the globe have encountered various challenges and opportunities regarding online teaching and learning during COVID‐19.

What this paper adds

A bird's‐eye‐view perspective of how HEIs around the globe responded to the pandemic‐imposed online teaching and learning using the bibliometric methodology.

Identifications of a large body of research (n = 1061 documents) conducted by scholars from 103 countries or regions that investigated the pandemic‐imposed online higher education, indicating an unprecedented level of participation in this area.

An analysis of distinct themes arising from research on the pandemic‐imposed online learning, such as medical education and psychological impact, chemistry curriculum and laboratory‐based instruction and technology acceptance model.

Implications for practice and/or policy

The large corpus of studies on online higher education from different aspects can provide cross‐disciplinary information guiding future research and design of online learning.

With technology often conceptualized as the solution to support online learning, it is imperative to put innovative pedagogy at the forefront of the design of online teaching and learning.
The impact of B‐cell‐directed therapy on SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine efficacy in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Ujjani Chaitra , Shadman Mazyar , Lynch Ryan C. , Tu Brian , Stevenson Philip A. , Grainger Caitlin , Zhu Haiying , Hill Joshua A. , Huang Meei‐Li , Nielsen Leslie , Poh Christina , Sorensen Tyler , Gopal Ajay K. , Warren Edus H. , Till Brian G. , Lee Sydney , Gausman Daria , Smith Stephen D. , Gooley Ted , Greninger Alex
Published: February 2022

Prior reports evaluating SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine efficacy in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) used semiquantitative measurements of anti‐S to evaluate immunity; however, neutralization assays were used to assess functional immunity in the trials leading to vaccine approval. Here, we identified decreased rates of seroconversion in vaccinated CLL patients and lower anti‐S levels compared to healthy controls. Notably, we demonstrated similar results with the Roche anti‐S assay and neutralization activity. Durable responses were seen at six months; augmentation with boosters was possible in responding patients. Absence of normal B cells, frequently seen in patients receiving Bruton tyrosine kinase and B‐cell lymphoma 2 inhibitors, was a strong predictor of lack of seroconversion.