bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AUTOMATIC SURFACE DAMAGE CLASSIFICATION DEVELOPED BASED ON DEEP LEARNING FOR WOODEN ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE
Authors: Lee J. , Yu J. M.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. In this paper, we propose a system that automatically classifies the surface damages of wooden architectural cultural heritage based on deep learning algorithms. Commonly, on-site surface damage inspections of cultural heritage are carried out manually by field experts. However, it is difficult to manage cultural heritage because experts are not always onsite to check for damage. To overcome this problem, a deep-learning-based classification method is designed to detect surface damage automatically so that cultural heritage monitoring can be done in real time. The dataset required for the development of the deep learning model utilized 4,000 images taken directly from cultural heritage sites. As a result of a comparative analysis of the performance of four deep learning models for several examples of wooden architectural heritage, the damage detection rate of the deep learning model built in this study showed excellent performance between 94.00 and 96.50%. When gradient-weighted class activation mapping is applied to visualize the damage detection results, the performance of the model with the best performance stood out. The results of this paper are significant as a basic study of the development of a real-time remote damage detection system applicable to cultural heritage sites.
EXPLAINING AI: UNDERSTANDING DEEP LEARNING MODELS FOR HERITAGE POINT CLOUDS
Authors: Matrone F. , Felicetti A. , Paolanti M. , Pierdicca R.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Deep Learning has been pivotal in many real-world applications (e.g., autonomous driving, medicine and retail). With the wide availability of consumer-grade depth sensors, acquiring 3D data has become more affordable and effective, and many 3D datasets are currently publicly available. 3D data provides a great opportunity for a better comprehension of the surrounding environment for machines. There is a growing need for innovative methods for the treatment and analysis of point clouds and for their classification. The complex hidden layers, which are at the basis of deep neural networks (DNNs), make it difficult to interpret these models, that up to a few years ago DNNs were considered and treated as black box operators. Still, with their increasing popularity, making them explainable and interpretable has become mandatory. A lot of efforts were devoted to developing an Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) framework for explaining DNNs decisions with 2D data, while only a few studies have attempted to investigate the explainability of 3D DNNs and, even more, heritage scenarios. To overcome these limitations, it was proposed the BubblEX framework: a novel multimodal fusion framework to learn the 3D point features. In our work, BubblEX has been exploited to understand the decisions taken by DNNs for heritage point clouds. The approach has been applied to a Digital Cultural Heritage Dataset, which is publicly available: the ArCH (Architectural Cultural Heritage) Dataset.
DORIC TEMPLE HBIM LIBRARY FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE MANAGEMENT
Authors: Daniels L. , Georgopoulos A.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM) can be a valuable tool for the efficient management of cultural heritage. Adopting Building Information Modelling (BIM) for heritage architecture requires investing in training for modelling as-found elements, establishing standards for modelling, and developing accessible libraries of parametric assets. Parametric families of the Doric Order column and entablature were modelled in Autodesk Revit using standard measurements of the Doric Order, with parameters assigned to each element to remain adjustable and adapt to any as found project. These families were modelled with the ability to adjust all geometry to any point cloud with the intention of uploading the Revit files to an accessible online database, the Multimedia Inventory of Architectural Heritage (MIAH), developed by Carleton Immersive Media Studio (CIMS). The integration of these families into an online platform for any heritage professional to download and modify intends to ease the modelling process for future projects, as well as standardize the families used in future projects. To define the process of collecting data for as-found modelling, this paper outlines the documentation and data processing for two archaeological sites on the islands of Rhodes and Kos in Greece. To assist future HBIM library users in understanding the families, the process of converting point cloud to HBIM is demonstrated through the development of a parametric HBIM of the Temple of Hephaestus, located in Athens, Greece.
BASED ON IMPROVED POINTNET AUTOMATIC CLASSIFICATION METHOD OF GROTTO TEMPLE STATUES
Authors: Fu Q. , Hou M. , Hua W.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. As a carrier of history, culture, religion and art, grotto temples are an important part of China's splendid cultural heritage. Among them, there are many grotto statues with similar shapes and scattered on the grotto temples, which have high artistic value. It is of great significance to classify them.The existing classification methods of grotto temple statues are mainly based on traditional manual classification and machine learning classification, which often consumes a lot of labor costs and time costs. To solve these problems, this paper improves the PointNet network and applies it to the classification of statues in grottoes, which greatly improves the automation of the classification of statues. And the point cloud data set of the grotto temple is made for experiment. The results show that the overall accuracy of the method in this paper reaches 89.73%, the average intersection and combination ratio reaches 68.9%, and the accuracy is increased by 5.47% and 4.3% respectively compared with the random forest classification method. It is of great significance to the value research, status assessment and virtual restoration of the subsequent grotto temples.
THE FIRST ATTEMPT FOR STANDARDISATION IN 3D DIGITISATION. THE EU STUDY ON QUALITY IN 3D DIGITISATION OF TANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE
Authors: Argyridou E. , Karaoli A. , Hadjiathanasiou M. , Karittevli E. , Panagi I. , Mateou M. , Ioannides M. , Patias P. , Efstathiou K.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. This paper focuses on the exceptional results of the EU Study (Commission et al., 2022) to map the parameters, formats, standards, benchmarks and methodologies relating to the 3D digitisation of tangible cultural heritage (CH). The overall objective of our paper is to further the quality of the 3D digitisation process by enabling cultural heritage professionals, institutions, content developers, stakeholders and academics to define and produce high-quality digitisation standards and sustainable conservation models for the preservation, documentation, understanding, and accessibility of tangible cultural heritage assets. The aim is to achieve high quality results during the 2D and 3D recording process of CH tangible assets. This work identifies for the first time in this domain, key parameters of the digitisation process, estimated the relative complexity and how it is linked to technology, its impact on quality and its various factors. It also presents standards and formats used for 3D digitisation, including data types, data formats and metadata schemas for 3D structures within a holistic documentation approach. Finally, this work presents and describes all the features and parameters of the complexity and quality that influence the methodology and infrastructure to be used for high quality results regarding digital cultural heritage. These complexity and quality factors are illustrated in the form of radial charts with the corresponding relevant information at the end of the paper.
VIRTUAL INSPECTION BASED ON 3D SURVEY SUPPORTING RISKS DETACHMENT ANALYSIS IN PIETRAFORTE STONE BUILT HERITAGE
Authors: Bonora V. , Centauro I. , Fiorini L. , Conti A. , Salvatici T. , Calandra S. , Raffa R. , Intrieri E. , Garzonio C. A. , Tucci G.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The paper presents the first results of a multidisciplinary research project launched to support the conservation and restoration of the stone façades of the Pitti Palace in Florence with innovative techniques from the fields of geomatics and diagnostic analysis. Monitoring campaigns are periodically conducted on the façades of the palace to identify stone elements in critical conditions; such surveys primarily require close and careful observation of the façade, for which a crane basket is required. The paper proposes first attempt to compare results obtained through a traditional workflow with those coming from a deeper use of the high-resolution 3D model to conduct a virtual inspection and to map elements of vulnerability on a GIS.On a test area, the analysis of the factors considered relevant to the risk of detachment was carried out on the digital model and compared with what the experts observed on-site by carrying out Non-Destructive diagnostic tests. Traditionally conducted monitoring and diagnostic surveys are assumed to validate the proposed method, which, following a simple data analysis, remotely identifies all blocks detected as vulnerable by the in-situ inspection, potentially drastically reducing fieldwork. It is therefore proposed as a preliminary screening useful to better address further analysis.
KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION OF BUILT HERITAGE MAPPING AN AD HOC DATA MODEL IN OGC STANDARDS: THE CASE STUDY OF PITTI PALACE IN FLORENCE, ITALY
Authors: Bonora V. , Meucci A. , Conti A. , Fiorini L. , Tucci G.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The description of a historic building can be made by considering many different aspects: stylistic, technological, formal, function-related, etc. In Architecture, as in any artistic form, intangible elements also play an essential role and are closely related to individual interpretation; therefore, achieving an objective description is challenging, and several efforts have been undertaken over time to reach the goal.Nested hierarchical or complex multi-dimensional relationship structures can be defined to represent various interrelationships between a huge variety of elements and their properties. Categorisation, standards definitions and adoptions, data modelling, etc., should come after the data collection phase to adequately support the sharing of disparate datasets and thus facilitate communication between experts in different domains and improve knowledge dissemination.The paper considers different approaches in the built heritage representation, then presents the ad hoc data model initially adopted in the Pitti Palace documentation project, where a comprehensive and highly detailed 3D digitisation project was recently carried out, and finally proposes to map it into widely adopted standard, such are CityGML and IndoorGML.
IMMERSIVE APPIAN WAY HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE: HUMAN CENTRIC DIGITAL TWIN (THE PAAA ARCHEOLOGICAL PARK OF THE APPIAN WAY 12KM STATE-OWN SECTION, UNESCO CANDIDATURE)
Authors: Brumana R. , Quilici S. , Oliva L. , Previtali M. , Attico D. , Roncoroni F. , Stanga C.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. From Rome to Benevento, the Appian Way (Via Appia Antica) was born as a military road, 'Regina Viarum'. In 312 b.C., consul Appio Claudio extended the infrastructure for 132 miles to Capua. Many transformations and integration occurred across the centuries, resulting in a unique multi-stratified world heritage (landscape, architecture, archaeological remains and tombs along the military way). In the 19th century, Luigi Canina conceived the Appian Way as an outdoor museum, realizing a first state-own section along the 12km here surveyed and described. This year, the Ministry of Culture (MIC) has launched the UNESCO nomination for the road. The article discusses aspects of the mass digitization undertaken by the Parco Archeologico dell'Appia Antica (PAAA, the Archaeological Park of the Appian Way). The aim is to build a Digital Twin of the infrastructure supporting knowledge enhancement, preservation, design, communication and fruition. A virtual space where digital technologies and eXtended Reality are the digital arms of the contemporary Vitruvian humanistic mission and vision of the PAAA Appian Way as a source of wealth and healthiness for all the users and visitors.
THE “CUEVAS DE LOS MOROS” IN BOCAIRENTE (ES). ON THE INTEGRATED EXPEDITIOUS SURVEY
Authors: Crescenzi C. , Llopis J.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The work supports the research on rocky settlements in the Mediterranean area and their diffusion. In particular, it provides the Valencian Community and the Municipality of Bocairente with the two-three-dimensional graphic documentation of the monument "Cuevas de Los Moros", apparently poor, which is the driving factor of the cultural economy of the country. The documentation created is a useful interdisciplinary tool for in-depth analysis of the place through historical, archaeological, and economic studies. The work has scientific rigor due to the methodically tackling data acquisition. It integrates the traditional instrumental survey, double-decametre, and level with photographic documentation and SFM processing. Furthermore, one of the objectives is to disseminate a correct methodological approach to documenting cultural heritage. The aim is to share and allocate among culturally motivated amateur operators to increase the documentation of a cultural heritage, which due to its widespread extension and apparent poverty, does not receive the necessary attention for promotion and conservation by the bodies responsible for the control of cultural heritage. Rock dwelling and its environmental system, as well as its rock-cut monuments, are recognized by Unesco.
NEURAL RADIANCE FIELDS (NERF): REVIEW AND POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS TO DIGITAL CULTURAL HERITAGE
Authors: Croce V. , Caroti G. , De Luca L. , Piemonte A. , Véron P.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF or NeRFs) are to date emerging as a novel method for synthesizing novel views of complex 3D scenes, leveraging an artificial neural network to optimize a volumetric scene function using a set of input views. We conduct a preliminary critical review of the scientific and technical literature on NeRFs, and we highlight possible applications of the latter in the Cultural Heritage domain, for the image-based reconstruction of 3D models of real, multi-scale objects, even in combination with the more well-established photogrammetric techniques. A comparison is made between NeRFs and photogrammetry in terms of operating procedures and outputs (volumetric renderings vs. point clouds or meshes). It is demonstrated that NeRFs could be conveniently used for rendering objects (sculptures, archaeological remains, sites, paintings etc.) that are challenging for photogrammetry, typically: i) metallic, translucent, and/or transparent surfaces; ii) objects that present homogeneous textures; iii) occlusions, vegetation, and elements of very fine detail.
BRANCACCI CHAPEL IN FLORENCE: SURVEYING AND REAL-TIME 3D SIMULATION FOR CONSERVATION AND COMMUNICATION PURPOSES
Authors: Ferdani D. , Ronchi D. , Fanini B. , Manganelli Del Fà R. , d’Annibale E. , Bordignon A. , Pescarin S.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. In 2020 to diagnose and monitor the condition of the frescoes in the Brancacci Chapel in Florence, the CNR initiated an important diagnostic and three-dimensional survey of the monument. These restoration preparatory activities have provided the opportunity and data for the creation of a real-time 3D simulation model that will not only help conservators and art historians better understand and manage the artwork, but will also enable the planning of improvement measures and the communication of the fresco cycle and its state of preservation to the public via the Brancacci POV application. Brancacci POV is a hybrid multi-user experience that allows a group of tourists to visit the chapel under the guidance of an expert, either on-site or off-site. The Web3D application is based on ATON, a framework developed by CNR ISPC that integrates 3D simulation of the monument and the discovery of invisible layers (e.g., ultraviolet data) processed and optimised for real-time rendering. The article illustrates all the steps performed from the 3D survey to the Web3D implementation to obtain the 3D simulation and achieve the expected interactive result. In particular, we focus on the optimization workflow of the reality-based model developed for this case study and on the processing of high-resolution maps (visible and invisible layers) for real-time web interaction.
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF POST-DISASTER MASONRY STRUCTURES MODELED USING CLOUD2FEM SOFTWARE
Authors: Kaushal S. S. , Gutierrez Soto M. , Napolitano R.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Research often neglects historic and ageing infrastructure when investigating the impact of extreme wind loading and structural strengthening. This is exemplified by the ASCE 7-22 standard in the US that prescribes design loads for tornado hazard, which currently does not apply to Risk Categories (RC) 1 and 2, comprising a significant proportion of historic structures. After a disaster, analyzing these structures numerically can be difficult due to their complex geometries, use of multiple construction materials, and alterations to the original structure. This study aimed to digitally document and evaluate the damage caused by the Midwest Tornado in Kentucky in December 2021, specifically focusing on the historic downtown of Mayfield, KY. Building data was gathered using various devices, such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicle’s, LiDARs, and cameras, and converted into finite element meshes using the open-source software Cloud2FEM. Multiple meshes for the historic post office building in Mayfield, KY, was generated using varied rules within Cloud2FEM. These meshes were then simulated using Abaqus to qualitatively assess the stress concentrations observed under tornadic loading calculated using the ASCE7-22.
SCIENTIFIC REFERENCE MODEL – DEFINING STANDARDS, METHODOLOGY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SERIOUS 3D MODELS IN ARCHAEOLOGY, ART AND ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY
Authors: Kuroczyński P. , Apollonio F. I. , Bajena I. P. , Cazzaro I.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. In object-oriented historical research the need to combine hypotheses and textual arguments with the critical analysis based on sources – such as floor plans, sections, perspectives, and photographs – has considerably benefited from the developments in Digital Humanities (Münster, 2022). The use of digital 3D models has overcome many limitations inherent to two-dimensional records. Since the early 1990s hypothetical 3D reconstructions have therefore increasingly become routine research tools and essential means of representation capable of offering new methods of investigation, enabling new insights into the object-related research. In terms of a holistic approach to the analysis and case studies, i.e. the enhanced ability to examine and explore (Favro, 2012) serious challenges remain regarding documentation, interoperability and long-term access to 3D-based research outputs.In this context, numerous initiatives and research projects have emerged with the common objective of systematising and rationalising the various problems identified by scholars. Such projects still tend to remain isolated, lacking a significant impact on the community of potential users. 3D research outputs are not widely applicable, due to the complex prototypes of the software architecture, difficult to apply in a broad sense. Furthermore, the ‘old’ problems still exist, i.e. the traditional approaches - which do not consider a 3D model as a scholarly result, but only an investigative tool - and the reluctance to share these results and the associated procedures. Therefore, an attempt is being made to define the development and evaluation of an applicable methodology for the hypothetical 3D historical reconstruction, based on a shared theoretical approach.The working method presented here reflects many years of engagement with source-based hypothetical 3D reconstruction of no longer extant or unrealised architecture for teaching and research. Our focus is therefore on a low-threshold, application-oriented method of the Scientific Reference Model (SRM) as a documented and published basic model. The structured SRM represents an important working and knowledge state, which clarifies the essential information about the object, its components, its credibility or extent of hypothesis and copyright. Such SRM is made available for further research, edits and refinement, as well as further derivatives (special applications). Thus SRM represents a findable referential result of a scholarly investigation of a material object that physically no longer exists.
3D MODELS CITYGML-BASED COMBINED WITH TECHNICAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE SETTING UP OF DIGITAL CONSERVATION PLANS OF HISTORIC DISTRICTS
Authors: Lasorella M. , Cantatore E.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The setting up of recovery plans for historic districts requires a multi-level and multi-thematic process for their analysis and diagnosis to determine classes of priorities and interventions for buildings at the district scale of relevance. Traditional tools and protocols have already highlighted operative complexity and expensive activities, affecting the organicity and effectiveness in interpreting data. On the other hand, recent scientific and practical activities based on the use of parametric Digital Models and Informative Systems have highlighted their advantages in standardizing complex issues and knowledge. Recent work by the authors has defined the structured organization of technical knowledge for the creation of a digital recovery plan using Informative Parametric Models, based on descriptors, and primary and secondary factors. These aim at converting properties and information in qualitative and quantitative data, and then structuring dependencies on descriptors and primary factors, according to thematic taxonomies, existent ontologies for the geometric and semantic representation of urban and architectural entities, thematic normative and established approaches for the recovery of cultural and landscape heritage. Thus, the present work shows a workflow for the semi-automatic setting up of intervention classes for architectures in historic districts in Italy. It is structured on CityGML-based models, coherently implemented with a Technical Decision-Support System (T-DSS). Specifically, the T-DSS is determined considering the relations among thematic normative: UNI 11182, UNI/CEN TS 17385:2019, and Italian Consolidated Law on Building. The workflow is finally tested in the historic district of Ascoli Satriano, in the Apulia Region (South of Italy).
Some nuclear receptors as application points for drugs with hepatotropic activity
Authors:   FSBEI HE SPbGUVM, Russia, Ponamarev V.S.
Published: June 2023

At present, one of the most promising directions in the search for chemical compounds-candidates for drugs is the fundamental study of signaling molecules, whose main function is to transmit information to the cell through ion channels and nuclear receptors associated with G-protein or with enzymatic activity. One of the fundamental tasks of modern pharmacology - the expansion of the range of hepatotropic drugs with a fundamentally new mechanism of action - is currently being actively solved, including through specific chemical compounds that act on cell nuclear receptors, one of which is obeticholic acid.
Pharmacoecological state of the habitat of aqua and mariculture objects
Authors:   FSBEI HE SPbGUVM, Russia, Ponamarev V.S.
Published: June 2023

In recent years, an increasing number of studies have been published in the scientific literature on the problem of the adverse effects of residues of pharmaceutical substances in the habitat of aquatic and mariculture objects. The identification of pharmacological compounds, including their by-products of transformation, is still an open question, which determines the need to expand current scientific research to assess the impact of pharmaceuticals, their metabolites and transformation products on the aquatic environment.
Investigation of Characteristics and Parameters of Plasma of an Overstressed Nanosecond Discharge in Krypton between Electrodes Made of a Superionic Conductor – Silver Sulfide
Authors: Shuaibov A. , Minya A. , Gritsak R. , Malinin A. , Malinina A. , Golomb R. , Gomoki Z.
Published: June 2023

The results of a study of the electrical and optical characteristics of an overvoltage nanosecond atmospheric pressure discharge between electrodes made of a superionic conductor (Ag2S) in krypton are presented. The destruction of electrodes in the discharge and the introduction of Ag2S vapor into the interelectrode gap occurred due to microexplosions of inhomogeneities on the working surfaces of polycrystalline electrodes (the formation of ectons) in order to synthesize thin films based on this compound on the surface of a dielectric substrate which was installed near the electrodes. By numerically solving the Boltzmann kinetic equation for the electron energy distribution function, the temperature and the electron density in the discharge, the specific discharge power losses for the main electronic processes, and the rate constants of the electronic processes depending on the parameter E/N for the plasma of vapor-gas mixtures based on krypton and silver sulfide have been calculated. Homogeneous thin films based on silver sulfide were synthesized on the quartz substrates by the gas-discharge method under conditions of ultraviolet assisted discharge plasma.
Formulation and Evaluation of Nanosuspension of Ambroxol Hyrochloride
Authors: Andhale M. K. , Jadhao. U. T. , Rathod. D. A. , Thoke S. T. , Dhembre G. N.
Published: June 2023

The aim of the present investigation was to Formulation and evaluation of Nanosuspension of Ambroxol hydrochloride for pediatric use. Ambroxol hydrochloride is a mucolytic agent used to treat respiratory diseases associated with viscid or excessive mucus accumulated in respiratory tract. The present research involved to find out the effect of different polymer and their ratio on the formulation of ambroxol hydrochloride oral nanosuspension. The prepared nanosuspension is evaluated by solubility, particle size, entrapment efficiency, DSC study, SEM analysis, re-dispersion study, sterility and In-vitro drug release studies shows that the prepared nanosuspension has increased solubility and dissolution rate compared to pure drug. The formulated F5 has shown the better results like as UV rage is 244nm, soluble in methanol, particle size and Stability.
Formulation and Evaluation of Sotalol Gastrorententive Tablets
Authors: Swathi G. , Bhavan Krishna Jyothi Kumari , Sri S Ramya
Published: June 2023

The objective of this study was to formulate floating tablets (GRDDS) of Sotalol using direct compression method to increase its bioavailability and the gastric residence time of the dosage form. The Sotalol tablets were prepared by direct compression method. The tablets were prepared by using different types of polymers i.e.; Sodium CMC, Chitosan and Psyllium Husk which act as a release retardant polymer. Sodium bi carbonate (NaHCO3) was used as a gas degenerating agent and MCC (Micro crystalline cellulose) was used as a diluent. The prepared formulation were subjected to some evaluation parameters like hardness, friability, weight variation, drug content, buoyancy property, drug release study etc. In the FT-IR study it was revealed that there is no interaction between the drug and excipients. The formulation which containing Chitosan polymer and Sodium bicarbonate shows good drug release pattern with less floating lag time and good floating duration.
The in vitro drug release pattern of Sotalol floating tablets was fitted to different kinetic models which showed the highest regression for Higuchi order kinetics. Thus, it can be concluded that the floating drug delivery system of Sotalol using the appropriate polymers in right amount may enhance the activity of the drug by prolonging the gastric residence time or reducing the floating lag time.
Evaluation of the Earliest Time for Induction of Abortion and Progesterone Profile Changes by Dexamethasone Injection in the Pregnant Heifers
Authors:   University of Tabriz, Iran, Hamali Hossein
Published: June 2023

The use of dexamethasone in many diseases such as ketosis, drug and food allergies and septic shock is pointed out in cows.
DIAGNOSING AGGRESSIVE AND THREATENING BEHAVIORS MEDIATED BY TRAINING IN EMPLOYEES AT THE WELFARE ORGANIZATION OF AHVAZ CITY
Authors: NARGES SARVESTAN et al.
Published: June 2023

The present study aimed to diagnose aggressive and threatening behaviors via training among employees at the Welfare Organization in the city of Ahvaz, Iran. The statistical population of this study comprised 800 employees at Ahvaz’s Welfare organization. Out of this, 200 people were selected via the simple sampling method, and the sample volume was provided by the Morgan Table. The present study fell under applied studies in terms of goal and was a descriptive and survey study. For this, a questionnaire was used to collect data, which were analyzed by SPSS 23 and AMOS software. Data analysis indicated that there was a significant relationship between aggressive and threatening behaviors mediated by training among employees at the Welfare Organization of Ahvaz City.
EVALUATION OF THE ROLE AND PROGRAMS OF THE GOVERNMENT AND NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE PROTECTION OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH A VIEW TO THE LAW ON THE PROTECTION OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
Authors: FATEMEH YOSEFI AVARVAND et al.
Published: June 2023

Considering the centrality of the activities of non-governmental organizations and the emphasis of the empowerment approach on the dimensions of educational support, paying attention to the protection of the rights of children and adolescents is a human-social duty that is the responsibility of each individual, organization and institution, and in this regard, the importance of organizations The people of the organization that work in the field of these children are twofold. Undoubtedly, there is no hope of achieving a better world without paying attention to empowering children and investing and planning in education, health, employment and improving their living standards. Considering the importance of the performance of the government and non-governmental organizations in supporting these children, it highlights the necessity of investigating the role and consequences of the interventions of these organizations in solving the problems of children and adolescents.
THE LEGAL AID FOR UNDERPRIVILEGED PEOPLE IN INDONESIA
Authors: IRWAN SAPTA PUTRA et al.
Published: June 2023

One of the legal problems that occurs is about access to legal aid for Indonesian citizens who are not economically and financially able to get legal assistance services from advocates. The purpose of this research is first to find out whether people who are incapacitated are still entitled to free legal assistance from advocates and the Indonesian state. Secondly, is to find out the conditions that must be met for people who cannot afford to get the advocate legal services for free. This research method is normative legal research, with a statutory approach, a historical approach. Primary, secondary and tertiary data sources. Data collection techniques with literature studies, qualitative juridical data analysis. The results of the study: Indonesians who cannot afford access to legal aid for free because the Indonesian state has budgeted a fee of fifty three billion rupiah for legal assistance to people who cannot afford it every year and advocates are obliged to provide legal assistance for free. The conditions for obtaining access to legal aid only need to attach a certificate of incapacity from the village office where he lives and the chronology of legal issues. For this reason, the state guarantees the rights for all Indonesians to get access to legal aid for free, as stated in law concerning legal aid.
GOVERNMENT LEGAL POLICY AND SOCIETY'S ROLE IN OVERCOMING THE PRACTICE OF COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN
Authors: ABDUL RAHMAN et al.
Published: June 2023

The practice of commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) in several areas in South Sulawesi Province is a phenomenon that is very troubling to the community. The government has been faced with many problems that have damaged the future of children. This study aims to determine the form of CSEC and analyze government legal policies and the role of society in preventing the practice of CSEC. This is empirical legal research with data sources from government officials and the public. CSEC covers prostituted children, child pornography, trafficking of children for sexual purposes, child sex tourism, and child marriage in certain cases. Responding to the widespread practice of CSEC, the government and society have taken several legal steps to overcome the practice and prevent the consequences that arise through counseling and law enforcement, especially against the perpetrators.
THE CONSTITUTIONAL RULE IS THE MOST IMPORTANT GUARANTEE OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA (MENA) (THE JORDANIAN CASE)
Authors: BILAL N. ABU AISHEH et al.
Published: June 2023

This study came to investigate the constitutional guarantees for preserving human rights by focusing on the Jordanian case, and for the purposes of achieving the objective of the study, the descriptive analytical approach was followed, by examining the role of each of the principle of separation of powers and control over the constitutionality of laws and control over the work of the administration in guaranteeing human rights And their freedoms recognized by the Jordanian constitution. The study reached a number of results, the most prominent of which is: the principle of separation of powers and oversight of the constitutionality of laws and oversight over the actions of the administration are among the most important guarantees that work to establish these rights and ensure work on their proper implementation and enjoyment by individuals, until they became constitutional principles and titles for the contemporary legal state. The study recommended Activating oversight of the constitutionality of laws by establishing judicial bodies that handle them, such as the constitutional courts, and facilitating access to them by individuals and institutions without obstacles, in addition to establishing a strong and independent administrative judiciary to ensure the principle of legality and prevent the administration from violating the law or deviating from the use of power, and narrowing the sphere of sovereignty.
PERCEPTIONS OF PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY AT LOCAL GOVERNMENT LEVEL: INITIAL FINDINGS
Authors: SHARIFUZAH OSMAN et al.
Published: June 2023

There is a growing consensus to view the gap between the service provider and service recipients over the standard of public service delivery by local government authorities (LGAs). In Malaysia, comparing the perception of these two parties is crucial as the government aspires to develop a meaningful mechanism aiming at improving LGAs accountability and performance. The objective of this paper is to identify the perception gap between the service provider and service recipients of the standard of LGAs service delivery. The perception of both parties was measured based on their satisfaction on service delivery provided by LGAs. In total, 347 service recipients (the public) and 105 service providers (the LGAs’ staffs) in three selected LGAs in Kedah have participated in this survey. The findings of this study indicated that there are gaps in perception between the community respondents and the LGAs staff with regards to the delivery of services provided by LGAs. This study contributes to the initial understanding of expectation differences in local service delivery between the service provider and service recipients.
FINANCIAL PROFITABILITY MODEL FOR SUSTAINABILITY IN LATIN AMERICA'S CIRCULAR ECONOMY
Authors: ALIPIO RIVEROS CUÉLLAR et al.
Published: June 2023

A systematic review was carried out on the production and publication of research papers on the study of Financial Profitability Models for Sustainability in the Circular Economy, under the PRISMA approach (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses). The purpose of the analysis proposed in this document was to know the main characteristics of the publications registered in the Scopus and WoS databases during the year and their scope in the study of the proposed variables, achieving the identification of 31 publications. Thanks to this first identification, it was possible to refine the results through the keywords entered in the search button of both platforms, which were Financial Profitability, Sustainability, and Circular Economy, reaching a total of 19 documents, already excluding duplicates and those that did not meet the analysis criteria. The identified scientific publications were analyzed in the hope of finding out the relationship between the variables, as well as the feasibility in the design of profitable models for organizations, based on sustainability policies linked to the Social Responsibility approach as the backbone of the circular economy approach.
INVESTIGATING CHANGES IN THE FOUNDATIONS (PRIVATIZATION AND COLLECTIVIZATION) OF CIVIL LIABILITY IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE LAWS OF IRAN AND THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: HOSSEIN VALIZADEH et al.
Published: June 2023

In the current research, the evolutions of collective and privatized civil liability due to environmental damages have been investigated in the laws of Iran and the European Union. The substantive changes can be seen as "privatization" and "collectivism" of civil liability caused by environmental damages. On the other hand, formal changes can be considered as "absolutism and absolutism" of civil liability caused by environmental damage and "evolution in the system of proof and proof of claims regarding civil liability caused by environmental damage". In fact, it should be said that due to the importance of environmental damages and the very destructive effects and consequences that these damages bring to people's daily lives, many legal systems have tended to identify the criterion of fault to realize civil responsibility. caused by environmentally damaging behaviors, which naturally puts the onus of proving harmful behavior on the judicial authority and can create many difficulties for the judicial authorities in this field, the identification of pure civil liability, which in fact, is a return to the risk criterion can be considered, the duty of proving the commission of harmful behavior and the occurrence of loss has been removed from the responsibility of the judicial authority, and this time, the occurrence of loss and the commission of harmful behavior is assumed, and it is the defendant or accused of committing this behavior who must prove such He has not committed any behavior basically or he has not committed it with the intention of causing harm. This can be seen as the most important development that the civil liability system due to environmental damage has experienced in the European Union. The current type of research is fundamental and its approach is descriptive-analytical, its method is a library study and the tool for collecting information is also a survey.
THE PROPOSAL OF FORMER PRESIDENT LENIN MORENO GÁRCES FOR THE GRANTING OF GENERAL REGULATIONS OF THE ORGANIC LAW OF HUMANITARIAN SUPPORT, IN ECUADOR AND THE CURRENT ONES OF PRESIDENT GUILLERMO LASSO 2020 - 2023.
Authors: ROBERTO ISAAC COSTALES MONTENEGRO et al.
Published: June 2023

This research analyzes the proposal of former President Lenin Moreno Garcés for the granting of the proposal of the General Regulation of the Organic Law of Humanitarian Support to combat the health crisis derived from COVID 19, in Ecuador in 2020.  The Humanitarian Support Law includes labor measures such as the option of signing agreements between employers and workers, a new type of fixed-term contract for an emerging special purpose, reduction of working hours, early vacation, and teleworking. In addition, the interpretation of fortuitous event or force majeure as grounds for dismissal is established.

Within the solidarity measures for social welfare and productive reactivation, it was provided that the pensiones some alternatives such as the reduction and analysis  of educational pensions, in the case of temporary eviction in the matter of tenancy: In order for the lessee of a commercial premises to benefit from the temporary suspension referred to in article 4 of the Law,  you must pay your landlord at least twenty percent (20%) of the value of any royalties outstanding or due; and submit to the lessor the VAT returns for both the month of February 2020, the n or increase in costs in basic services was considered,  Prohibition of cancellation or suspension of coverage of contracts, Rescheduling of life insurance quotas, Productive credits for economic reactivation and protection of employment in the private sector,  Annual motor vehicle tax, Labor stability, Exceptional pre-bankruptcy agreements, Financial institutions: In the case of financial institutions, the debtor will maintain its credit rating for the duration of the mediation process and this will maintain the rating granted the month prior to the entry of its request to initiate the pre-bankruptcy agreement to a Mediation Center. In the case of obligations or debts restructured or novated through pre-bankruptcy agreements with the National Customs Service. Ecuadorian Social Security Institute, public financial institutions, Decentralized Autonomous Governments (GADS), public companies, among others, will become enforceable when the pre-bankruptcy payment agreement has been formalized, forself-financed post-graduate doctors and scholarship holders who are providing their services in the health system in the months since the declaration of the emergency until the issuance of this Regulation,  and who are in their training period, sign a contract for occasional services, on the scale of public servant 7 (SP7),  With these measures help people who lost their jobs or family members who lost their lives with the pandemic in the health crisis due to COVID 19
Household Food Insecurity and its Predictors: Evidence from Gombe Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: HASSAN Aisha Adamu , ABDU Musa , JİBİR Adamu
Published: June 2023

Achieving food security, especially at household level, is very fundamental for every country in the world especially African countries. It is to this end that this study set out to identify the factors determining food insecurity among households in Gombe metropolis, Gombe State of Nigeria. The household data used in this study were collected through administration of questionnaire. We used descriptive statistics and logistic regression technique to analyse the data. Although a total of 400 copies of questionnaire were administered to the respondents but 381 questionnaires were filled and returned. The descriptive analysis showed about 40 percentage of the respondents was food insecure. The logit regression results suggest that household size and income were the significant predictors of household insecurity in the area. As expected, household size positively determines the probability for household to be food insecure whereas income negatively affects the probability. Therefore, the study recommends among others include; government should create more job opportunities that will enhance the income level of people in order to reduce the magnitude of food insecurity. Secondly, government should, if possible, introduce and advocates for the importance of the family planning in order to curtail the population size.
Portföy ve Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım Girişlerinin Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Karşılaştırmalı Etkisi: E-7 Ülkeleri Örneği
Authors: UĞUR Burak , ÇELİK Onur
Published: June 2023

Küreselleşmeyle beraber gelişmekte olan ekonomiler dış kaynağın doğrudan yabancı yatırım ve portföy yatırımları şeklinde gelmesi için teşvik edici politikalar uygulamışlardır. Doğrudan yabancı yatırım girişleri, sermaye stoku, istihdam, teknoloji ve bilgi transferi gibi etkilerle ekonomik büyümeyi arttırabilmektedir. Portföy şeklinde yabancı yatırımlar ise, yatırımlar için finansman olanağı sağlaması ve finansal gelişmeyi etkileyerek ekonomik büyümeyi arttırabilmektedir. Ampirik literatürde, çalışmaların önemli bir kısmında portföy ve DYY girişlerinin ekonomik büyüme üzerinde pozitif bir etkisi olduğu bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Ancak literatürde portföy ve DYY girişlerindeki artışların ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisinin olmadığı ya da negatif etkisi olduğu şeklinde sonuçlar da mevcuttur. 2008 küresel krizinin ardından başlayan doğrudan yabancı yatırım, portföy ve ekonomik büyümedeki istikrarsızlıklar, günümüzde devam etmektedir. Bu durumdan hareketle doğrudan yabancı yatırım ve portföy girişlerinin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki uzun dönemli etkisinin tespit edilmesi oldukça önemli bir hale gelmiştir.

Bu çalışmada, E-7 ülkeleri açısından 1997-2019 yılları arasında doğrudan yabancı yatırım ve portföy girişlerinin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi dinamik panel veri yöntemiyle tahmin edilmiştir. Analizler sonucu elde edilen bulgular, E-7 ülke grubunda portföy girişlerinin ekonomik büyümeyi etkilemediğini, doğrudan yatırım girişlerinin ise ekonomik büyüme üzerinde pozitif etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Elde edilen bulgular, E-7 ülke grubunun ekonomik büyümesini yükseltebilmesi için doğrudan yabancı yatırımın portföy yatırımlarına kıyasla önemli bir rolü olduğunu göstermektedir.
Kentsel Tarımın Derin Ekoloji Kapsamında İncelenmesi
Authors: KICIK Neşet
Published: June 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Derin Ekoloji anlayışını ele alarak bu anlayış içinde tarımın yerini saptamaktır. Çalışmayı ortaya koyarken Derin Ekoloji hakkında kaleme alınan eserler göz önünde bulundurularak kapsamlı bir literatür taraması yapılmıştır ve Derin Ekoloji hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Sonrasında Sığ Ekoloji, Derin Ekolojiye getirilen eleştiriler ve Derin Ekoloji kapsamında tarımın yerini anlamak için literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Toplanan veriler ve araştırmalar neticesinde Derin Ekoloji anlayışında tarımın yeri saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, dünyanın daha yaşanabilir bir yer olması amacıyla ortaya atılan Derin Ekoloji, kendi içinde anlamlı özellikler barındırmasıyla birlikte günümüz tarım anlayışının farkına varmamız için bir rehber özelliği taşıdığı görülmüştür. Derin Ekoloji, günümüz tarımının doğaya ve diğer canlılara verdiği zararı da göz önünde bulundurarak tarım anlayışında daha çevreci bir yönelişin gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır. Tarımın daha çevreci bir faaliyet olarak insanların ihtiyaçlarına cevap verebilmesi için diğer canlıların yaşam alanlarının varlığı kabul etmeli ve bu yaşam alanlarına saygılı olunmalıdır. Ancak bu şekilde daha zararsız, daha Derin Ekoloji düşüncesine uygun ve çevreci bir tarım ortaya çıkabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Integrating Peace Education into Senior Secondary School Science and Technological Curriculum for Sustainable National Unity and Development
Authors: Adah Stephen Akomaye
Published: June 2023

The paper presents an overview of peace education and the need for its integration into the senior secondary science and technology curriculum for sustainable national unity and development. It argues that many changes in the society coupled with the increasing scientific and technological innovations have brought a lot of unimaginable challenges such as intergroup tensions, civil unrest, ethnic agitations, insecurity, cultism, kidnapping, arm robbery, cybercrimes, banditry, child trafficking etc. all of which have greatly threatened the corporate existence of our nation Nigeria. The paper therefore posits that integration of Peace Education into the secondary school science and technology curriculum could help senior secondary school students gain effective and relevant skills required the resolution of non-violent conflicts. These skills are also expected to be reinforced to facilitate the growth and development of peaceful values in the society.