bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonmedical Use of Prescription Stimulants Among US High School Students to Help Study: Results From a National Survey
Authors: Teter Christian J. , DiRaimo Christopher G. , West Brady T. , Schepis Ty S. , McCabe Sean Esteban
Published: July 2018

Objective:

Mixed findings exist regarding extent and efficacy of nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NMUPS) for study enhancement (SE). This national study of US high school seniors examined NMUPS for SE and addressed risk/benefit questions: To what extent are students reporting NMUPS specifically for SE, and do these individuals demonstrate fewer problem behaviors and superior academic performance?

Method:

Total of 15 098 US students surveyed (2009-2015) and divided into 4 subgroups: (1) no past-year NMUPS (nonusers), (2) past-year NMUPS to help study (NMUPS-SE only), (3) past-year NMUPS for study/nonstudy motives (NMUPS-SE+ other), and (4) past-year NMUPS for nonstudy motives (NMUPS-nonSE only). Student characteristics (eg, grade point average [GPA]) and substance-related problems (eg, binge drinking) compared between subgroups.

Results:

Among students who reported past-year NMUPS (n = 781), 7.4% reported NMUPS-SE only, 40.9% NMUPS-SE+ other, and 51.7% NMUPS-nonSE only. Odds of binge drinking, cigarette smoking, marijuana, and opioid nonmedical use significantly higher among all NMUPS subgroups. GPAs significantly lower among subgroups reporting NMUPS nonstudy motives; did not differ between NMUPS-SE only and nonusers.

Conclusions:

7% of US high school seniors engaged in NMUPS for SE only (0.4% total population). Findings indicate greater substance-related problems without superior academic performance among NMUPS-SE subgroups.
Does Hiring a Local Industry Specialist Auditor Matter to Nonprofit Organizations?
Authors: Harris Erica E. , Tate Stefanie L. , Zimmerman Aleksandra B.
Published: July 2018

We extend both the U.S. and European nonprofit auditor choice literature by examining the determinants as well as consequences of local industry specialist auditor choice within the nonprofit sector. In our determinants models, we find that local industry specialist auditors are associated with higher governance quality, poorer financial health, and greater complexity. In our consequences models, we find robust evidence that nonprofits audited by non-Big 4 local industry specialist auditors have shorter audit report lag and see more future direct donations than nonprofits audited by nonspecialist auditors and Big 4 auditors. Additional findings and implications are discussed.
Numerical study on the anti-snow performance of deflectors in the bogie region of a high-speed train using the discrete phase model
Authors: Gao Guangjun , Zhang Yan , Xie Fei , Zhang Jie , He Kan , Wang Jiabin , Zhang Yani
Published: July 2018

In this paper, the three-dimensional unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with an RNG double-equation turbulence model and a discrete phase model were used for the investigation of snow accumulation on the bogie of a high-speed train. Two kinds of deflector plates, one installed at the front end and the other at the rear end of the bogie, were proposed to reduce snow accumulation. The accuracy of the CFD methodology was validated against wind tunnel tests. The results showed that high-speed air will impact the plates where snow particles get accumulated. The snow covering on the bogie rarely drifts back into the bogie region with air. The amount of accumulating snow in the optimum models is reduced by 50.58% on average as compared to those in the original models. At the rear end of the bogie, the inclined deflector plate reduced snow accumulation by up to 10.91% compared to the vertical deflector plate.
“Eavesdropping on Happiness” Revisited: A Pooled, Multisample Replication of the Association Between Life Satisfaction and Observed Daily Conversation Quantity and Quality
Authors: Milek Anne , Butler Emily A. , Tackman Allison M. , Kaplan Deanna M. , Raison Charles L. , Sbarra David A. , Vazire Simine , Mehl Matthias R.
Published: July 2018

In the present study, we aimed to replicate and extend findings by Mehl, Vazire, Holleran, and Clark (2010) that individuals with higher well-being tend to spend less time alone and more time interacting with others (e.g., greater conversation quantity) and engage in less small talk and more substantive conversations (e.g., greater conversation quality). To test the robustness of these effects in a larger and more diverse sample, we used Bayesian integrative data analysis to pool data on subjective life satisfaction and observed daily conversations from three heterogeneous adult samples, in addition to the original sample ( N = 486). We found moderate associations between life satisfaction and amount of alone time, conversation time, and substantive conversations, but no reliable association with small talk. Personality did not substantially moderate these associations. The failure to replicate the original small-talk effect is theoretically and practically important, as it has garnered considerable scientific and lay interest.
Promoting Organizational Performance in Indian Insurance Industry: The Roles of Workplace Spirituality and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour
Authors: Garg Naval
Published: July 2018

Interest in spirituality as a scholarly topic has grown in recent years. The present research aspires to investigate the relationship between workplace spirituality and organizational performance. First, necessity of workplace spirituality for organizational performance is investigated with the help of necessary condition analysis (NCA). Second, mediation effect of organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) in relationship between workplace spirituality and organizational performance is explored with the help of technique propagated by Baron and Kenny (1986). Hierarchal regression is used to test Baron and Kenny’s (1986) conditions of mediation. Results of NCA establish workplace spirituality as a necessary condition for occurrence of organizational performance. The OCB is also reported to partially mediate the relationship between workplace spirituality and organizational performance. Practical implications, limitations of the study and suggestions for future researchers have been discussed in the last part of the article.
Vikram Rana at Margot Financial Securities
Authors: Shrivastava Madhusri
Published: July 2018

Well-intentioned efforts to address gender discrimination at the workplace are subverted when people claim concessions as entitlement. Vikram Rana, chief editor and head of production at Margot Financial Securities, Mumbai, was engaged in an energy-sapping battle of nerves with his associate, Neha Salian, an overbearing woman older to him whose workplace ethics were not up to the mark. The management of Margot wanted to promote a women-friendly workplace, and had instituted a Women’s Grievance Redressal Committee in keeping with best practices in the industry. Fearing that a complaint to the grievance committee might mar his reputation and career, Vikram was careful in his interactions with his direct report. Neha defaulted on her duties using familial responsibilities as an excuse, and exploited Vikram’s inability to confront her openly. He yielded to her manipulation, but retaliated by pointing out her professional inadequacies. As matters spiralled out of control, Vikram feared his attempts to enforce professionalism would be misrepresented as harassment.

The case explores the interplay of gender dynamics and entrenched biases that contribute to toxic relations. It examines the issue of victim-turned-persecutor through different perspectives. Was Vikram an ineffectual boss who succumbed to bullying? Or was he an over-punctilious bully who was difficult to please?
Critical Race Theory, Parenting, and Intimate Partner Violence: Analyzing Race and Gender
Authors: Cannon Clare , Ferreira Regardt J. , Buttell Fred
Published: July 2018

Purpose:

This study sought to investigate similarities and differences among race, gender, parenting attitudes, and conflict negotiation tactics of perpetrators of intimate partner violence in a batterer intervention program.

Method:

This research utilized a nonequivalent, control group secondary analysis of 238 women and men.

Results:

Logistic regression indicated (1) an increased likelihood for scoring higher on the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-2) physical assault subscale and Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory-2 (AAPI-2) high-risk parenting group for those in the African American category compared to the White category; (2) African American women are more likely to be unemployed, score higher on the CTS-2 Physical Assault subscale, and in the high-risk AAPI-2 parenting group than African American men; and (3) White women are more likely to experience injury and score in the high-risk AAPI-2 group compared to White men.

Conclusions:

Critical race theory provides a necessary understanding of these findings within structural inequality in the United States. Further results and implications are discussed.
Impacts of Men’s Gender-transformative Personal Narratives: A Qualitative Evaluation of the Men’s Story Project
Authors: Peretz Tal , Lehrer Jocelyn , Dworkin Shari L.
Published: July 2018

Gender-transformative interventions have been found to help ameliorate gender-inequitable norms and improve health outcomes for women and men. While narrative-based strategies are increasingly being used in public health programs, no evaluation publications exist to date for gender-transformative programming that employs men’s public narrative-sharing as a central means for promoting healthy masculinities. The Men’s Story Project (MSP) creates live productions in which diverse men publicly perform personal narratives that challenge hegemonic masculinity, promote gender equality, and highlight intersections of masculinity with other social identities. This study draws upon six focus groups with thirty-one audience members (AMs), two weeks after an MSP production at a US public university. The MSP led AMs to reevaluate key pillars of hegemonic masculinity, including a singular conception of masculinity, essentialist notions of gender, restricted emotional expression, and use of violence; AMs also gained an expanded understanding of intersectionality. Directions for future research are discussed.
The Pattern of Defects in Mesorectal Specimens: Is There a Difference between Transanal and Laparoscopic Approaches?
Authors: Perdawood S. K. , Warnecke M. , Bjoern M. X. , Eiholm S.
Published: July 2018

Background:

Total mesorectal excision has evolved from open to minimally invasive techniques. To overcome difficulties in the lowest part of the pelvis, transanal total mesorectal excision was introduced and has gained acceptance in the recent years. The results of transanal total mesorectal excision seem to be comparable to laparoscopic total mesorectal excision. Whether or not transanal total mesorectal excision has changed the pattern of defects in the retrieved mesorectal specimens is yet to be clarified.

Purpose:

To determine the pattern of mesorectal defects following transanal total mesorectal excision, compared to laparoscopic total mesorectal excision. The primary end-point was the location of defects in the part of the mesorectum below the peritoneal reflection, as it is this part, which is dissected from below in the transanal total mesorectal excision procedure.

Methods:

From our transanal total mesorectal excision database that includes all transanal total mesorectal excision procedures performed at our institution since 2013, we have included 29 patients who originally had defects in their retrieved specimens. Another 29 patients who underwent laparoscopic total mesorectal excision with mesorectal defects served as a control group. All specimen photos and pathology reports were reviewed systematically; sites and pattern of defects were defined.

Results:

A higher ratio of the defects in the laparoscopic total mesorectal excision group was located below the peritoneal reflection (P = 0.043). The distribution of defects by anatomical quadrant was not statistically different between the groups.

Conclusions:

The ratio of defects below the peritoneal reflection was lower in the transanal total mesorectal excision group. Whether this is due to a lower incidence of defect in transanal total mesorectal excision is not part of our study.
IWSHM 2017: Application of guided wave methods to quantitatively assess healing in osseointegrated prostheses
Authors: Wang Wentao , Lynch Jerome P
Published: July 2018

Osseointegrated prosthesis is essentially a prosthetic fixture surgically implanted into the bone that extends out of the limb so that an artificial limb can be attached. While osseointegrated prostheses can dramatically improve the quality of life of amputees, there remains a lack of quantitative evidence of the osseointegration process that occurs at the bone–prosthesis surface after surgery. This study advances a sensing strategy that employs piezoelectric elements mounted to the percutaneous end of the prosthesis to generate guided waves that propagate along the length of the prosthesis fixture. The properties of the guided waves exhibit sensitivity to both the degree of bone healing that occurs at the prosthesis surface and the movement of the prosthesis due to loss of osseointegration. Use of the prosthesis as a wave guide offers care providers a quantitative approach to determining when an osseointegrated prosthesis can be loaded and tracks the integrity of osseointegration over the lifespan of the amputee. The study validates the proposed guided wave strategy using a prosthesis model consisting of a solid titanium rod implanted in an adult femoral bone. First, a high-fidelity finite element model is created to study changes in guided waves as a result of bone healing. A laboratory model is also adopted using a synthetic femoral bone identical to that modeled in the finite element model. The energy of the first longitudinal wave mode introduced at the percutaneous end of the prosthesis provides a repeatable metric for accurate assessment of both osseointegration and prosthesis pullout from the bone. The results of this study reveal that the energy of the longitudinal wave mode decreases by nearly half during the osseointegration healing process. In addition, the wave energy is also found to increase as the osseointegrated fixture loosens and is withdrawn from the bone.
Application and characterization of light-emitting diodes for photodynamic inactivation of bacteria
Authors: Ogonowska P , Woźniak A , Pierański MK , Wasylew T , Kwiek P , Brasel M , Grinholc M , Nakonieczna J
Published: July 2018

Light- and photosensitizer-based antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDI) is a very promising approach to control microbial infections. Other applications of aPDI are also being studied, for example, in water disinfection or food preservation. Because this technology is based on the use of light, the proper characterization of light sources is of prime importance. The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize three irradiation systems constructed for research purposes. These LED-based light sources produce visible light in the range of blue, green and red wavelengths. The efficacy and light distribution produced by the light sources were verified on a Staphylococcus aureus model sensitized with three photosensitizers: protoporphyrin IX diarginate, N-methylpyrrolidinium fullerene iodide (Full), and rose bengal. Antimicrobial blue light treatment was likewise investigated. The survival of bacterial cells after photoinactivation was determined for irradiance at three power densities. Based on the proper characterization of light emitted by each LED at each point of the illuminated area, a homogeneous distribution of light can be achieved, which is crucial for precise dosimetry.
An improved approach by introducing copula functions for structural reliability analysis under hybrid uncertainties
Authors: Liu Zheng , Liu Xin
Published: July 2018

The structural composition of the oil platform is very complicated, and its working environment is harsh, thus conducting a large number of reliability tests is not feasible, and the field tests are also hard to accomplish. So the reliability of the oil platform cannot be analyzed and calculated by the traditional reliability method which needs a lot of test data, and new methods should be studied. In recent years, imprecise probability theory has attracted more and more attention because when unified, it can quantify hybrid uncertainty. Structural reliability analysis on the basis of imprecise probability theory has made remarkable achievements in theoretical aspects, but it is scarcely used in practical engineering domains due to the complexity in the developed methods and the unavailability of suitable or specific modeling steps for applications. In this regard, we propose a unified quantification method for statistical data, fuzzy data, incomplete information, and the like, which can handle the issue of hybrid uncertainties, and then, we construct an improved imprecise structural reliability model aiming at the practical problems by introducing copula function. To verify the existing methodology, we also consider a cantilever beam widely applied in the oil platform here for the structural reliability analysis.
Fecal fusobacterium nucleatum for detecting colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Qian , Peng Yonghai , Xie Fangwei
Published: July 2018

Objective:

The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of fecal Fusobacterium nucleatum ( Fn) for detecting colorectal cancer. It is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to focus exclusively on fecal Fn for colorectal cancer.

Materials and methods:

Comprehensive searches of several databases before January 2018 were conducted. Fecal Fn for detecting colorectal cancer was evaluated via pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under the curve. Heterogeneity was explored using meta-regression and subgroup analyses. The publication bias and the overall quality of evidence were also analyzed.

Results:

Our analysis included six papers containing seven case-control studies in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Overall sensitivity and specificity were 0.68 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64, 0.72) and 0.78 (95% CI 0.75, 0.81), respectively. The positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio in detecting colorectal cancer were 2.87 (95% CI 1.62, 5.10) and 0.40 (95% CI 0.30, 0.54) respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio (OR) was 8.75 (95% CI 4.86, 15.78) and the area under the curve was 0.80. A subgroup analysis showed that in Asia, the colorectal cancer sample size ⩾50 had higher specificity (specificity 0.85, 95% CI 0.80, 0.88). No publication bias existed. The GRADEpro showed a moderate level of the available evidence.

Conclusions:

Compared to other examinations, the fecal Fn test seems a good choice for detecting colorectal cancer. It also has better diagnostic performance in Asians. However, more clinical trials with large sample sizes and strict randomization are needed to further verify the evidence.
TRPA1 sensitization during diabetic vascular impairment contributes to cold hypersensitivity in a mouse model of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Hiyama Haruka , Yano Yuichi , So Kanako , Imai Satoshi , Nagayasu Kazuki , Shirakawa Hisashi , Nakagawa Takayuki , Kaneko Shuji
Published: July 2018

Background

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a common long-term complication of diabetes. Accumulating evidence suggests that vascular impairment plays important roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, while the mechanism remains unclear. We recently reported that transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is sensitized by hypoxia, which can contribute to cold hypersensitivity. In this study, we investigated the involvement of TRPA1 and vascular impairment in painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy using streptozotocin-induced diabetic model mice.

Results

Streptozotocin-induced diabetic model mice showed mechanical and cold hypersensitivity with a peak at two weeks after the streptozotocin administration, which were likely to be paralleled with the decrease in the skin blood flow of the hindpaw. Streptozotocin-induced cold hypersensitivity was significantly inhibited by an antagonist HC-030031 (100 mg/kg) or deficiency for TRPA1, whereas mechanical hypersensitivity was unaltered. Consistent with these results, the nocifensive behaviors evoked by an intraplantar injection of the TRPA1 agonist allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) were enhanced two weeks after the streptozotocin administration. Both streptozotocin-induced cold hypersensitivity and the enhanced AITC-evoked nocifensive behaviors were significantly inhibited by a vasodilator, tadalafil (10 mg/kg), with recovery of the decreased skin blood flow. Similarly, in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia induced by the ligation of the external iliac artery, AITC-evoked nocifensive behaviors were significantly enhanced three and seven days after the ischemic operation, whereas mechanical hypersensitivity was unaltered in TRPA1-knockout mice. However, no difference was observed between wild-type and TRPA1-knockout mice in the hyposensitivity for current or mechanical stimulation or the deceased density of intraepidermal nerve fibers eight weeks after the streptozotocin administration.

Conclusion

These results suggest that TRPA1 sensitization during diabetic vascular impairment causes cold, but not mechanical, hypersensitivity in the early painful phase of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. However, TRPA1 may play little or no role in the progression of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Women’s experience of wearing a portable fetal-electrocardiogram device to monitor small-for-gestational age fetus in their home environment
Authors: Kapaya Habiba , Dimelow Emma R , Anumba Dilly
Published: July 2018

Objective:

To determine the acceptability, to women, of wearing a portable fetal electrocardiogram recording device at different stages of pregnancy and to gain insight into their experience of its use for long-periods of monitoring of small-for-gestational fetuses in the home environment.

Methods:

A qualitative study using both a questionnaire and focus group involving women with singleton pregnancy >24 weeks gestation, no evidence of fetal malformation and an estimated fetal weight below 10th gestational centile on ultrasound scan. Fetal heart rate recordings were collected for up to 20 h.

Results:

In total, 59 questionnaires were completed; 35 after wearing the monitor for the first time and an additional 24 from the women who wore the device for a second time. Six women participated in the focus group; the principal theme identified related to the practicality of the fetal electrocardiogram device. Other themes identified were the discomfort that resulted from wearing the monitor and the reassurance provided in knowing that the baby’s heart rate was being monitored.

Conclusion:

Long-term ambulatory fetal electrocardiogram monitoring is an acceptable method of monitoring small-for-gestational fetuses. Overall, women concluded that benefits of wearing the device outweighed any discomfort it caused.
Seeking a scholarship of pedagogy, technology, and faith: A literature survey
Authors: Sevensma Kara , Terpstra Marj , Gibson Jack , Napitupulu Isabella , Quist Nieuwsma Elle , Siahaan Meri Fuji , Song Yoolim
Published: July 2018

This article examines the extent to which published Christian scholarship provides a foundation for Christian educators to critically assess and make grounded pedagogical decisions about technology. A literature survey of 26 Christian and religious journals from 1970 to 2016 reveals a limited body of scholarship that addresses the complex intersections of pedagogy, technology, and faith. The findings highlight emerging themes from the limited scholarship that does exist, and point to gaps in the literature. The discussion offers guidance to Christian audiences considering how to integrate digital technologies in educational settings ranging from P-12 to higher education, and establishes an agenda for future scholarship.
Isolated carbonate platforms of the Mediterranean and their seismic expression — Searching for a paradigm
Authors: Rusciadelli Giovanni , Shiner Peter
Published: July 2018

Isolated carbonate platforms (ICPs) are spectacular features of Mediterranean geology. There has been a resurgence of interest in the resource potential of ICPs in the region following recent exploration success in this play in the eastern Mediterranean. These features have developed in the context of the geologic evolution of the Mediterranean region over the last 250 million years. Their depositional architecture and seismic expression can be very different from that of isolated platforms developed elsewhere and at different times, particularly the Tertiary platforms of Southeast Asia that have formed the basis of much of the industry literature on the seismic characteristics of ICPs. Important differences arise from the fact that Mediterranean ICPs developed on microcontinents in an active tectonic environment featuring both extension and compression, from the range of carbonate factories that have characterized their development, and from the prolonged nature of exposure that they have periodically experienced. These differences can render the application of some criteria documented in the literature for identification of ICPs problematic in a Mediterranean context. While it is difficult to propose universally applicable criteria for identifying Mediterranean ICPs, locating and mapping the position of the platform slope, often relatively easily identified on seismic data except where hidden by subsequent compressional deformation, is probably the most robust criteria.
Unlocking gas reserves in bypassed stratigraphic traps in a deepwater brownfield using prestack seismic inversion: A case study from offshore Nile Delta, Egypt
Authors: El-Mowafy Hamed Z. , Ibrahim Mohammed , Dunlap Dallas B.
Published: July 2018

In deepwater depositional systems such as the slope canyon-turbidite channel system encountered on the continental slope of the offshore West Nile Delta Basin, deterministic prestack seismic inversion followed by facies classification using formation microimager facies logs delineated thick-bedded and thin-bedded gas-sand reservoirs encased in bypassed stratigraphic traps. Prestack seismic inversion was applied over the Scarab Field in the West Delta Deep Marine concession to evaluate the hydrocarbon potential of newly identified stratigraphic traps. Three angle stacks were inverted using a simultaneous inversion approach to estimate the elastic properties (P-impedance and VP/VS ratio). Using the elastic volumes produced from the inversion, Bayesian facies classification was applied to separate thin- and thick-bedded gas-sand facies from shale. Facies classification was focused on two prospective bypassed stratigraphic traps: the Upper Scarab Channel remnant levees (remnant middle levee [RML] and southern remnant levee) and the Lower Scarab Channel lateral accretion packages (LAPs). A development well location is proposed to validate the interpreted gas-sand reservoirs in the shallower RML and the deeper LAPs stratigraphic traps. The results suggest that application of the prestack seismic inversion and facies classification led to reliable inferences likely to have a positive impact on field development, potential reserves growth, and consequently boosting gas production.
Two-stage and single-stage seismic-petrophysical inversions applied in the Nile Delta
Authors: Aleardi Mattia , Ciabarri Fabio , Calabrò Roberto
Published: July 2018

We discuss two Bayesian seismic-petrophysical inversion techniques, the two-stage and single-stage approach, which estimate petrophysical properties from prestack seismic data. Both approaches are developed considering linear approximations and are applied for reservoir appraisal studies in the Nile Delta. The two-stage approach first uses an amplitude-variation-with-angle (AVA) inversion to infer P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity, and density. Then, a linear empirical rock-physics model, properly calibrated for the investigated area, is used to transform the estimated elastic parameters into the petrophysical properties of interest under the assumption of Gaussian mixture distributed petrophysical properties. The single-stage approach uses the linear rock-physics model to rewrite the time-continuous P-wave reflectivity equation as a function of the petrophysical contrasts instead of the elastic constants. This reformulation, together with the assumption of a Gaussian prior model, allows us to directly derive (in a single-stage inversion) the petrophysical properties from AVA data. Despite the differences in the forward-model parameterization and in the assumed a priori distribution for the petrophysical properties, the two inversion methods yield comparable predictions that are consistent with borehole data. For the investigated zone, this work demonstrates that, although neglecting the facies-dependent behavior of petrophysical properties, the a priori Gaussian assumption for the petrophysical properties can provide reliable predictions with a very limited computational effort. In addition, the good match between predicted and logged properties proves the suitability of the linear rock-physics model for reservoir characterization in the Nile Delta.
A robust implementation and application of antileakage Fourier transform interpolation
Authors: Qin Fuhao , Leger Pierre C. , Ren Jiaxiang , Aleksic Vladimir , Rowe Robert W. , Zainaldin Saud , Hadab Salah A.
Published: July 2018

One major difficulty in land seismic data processing is noise related to a complex near surface. The presence of sand dunes and loose deposits overlaying relatively high velocity layers leads to the generation of strong near-surface noise that travels at low velocities. This energy is often aliased despite the small shot and geophone spacing of modern 3D wide-azimuth seismic surveys. Direct application of velocity-based filtering in frequency-wavenumber (f-k) or Radon domains is not effective in suppressing this noise. Seismic data need to be interpolated and regularized to dealias the slow-traveling near-surface arrivals before denoising technologies are applied. In this work, we utilized an f-k domain seismic data interpolation technique similar to the antileakage Fourier transform method for its ability to remove leaked energy in the f-k domain arising from gaps and irregularities during data acquisition. To deal with aliasing in the input data, we implemented an antialiasing weighting function based on piecewise linearity of the seismic data. Seismic images obtained from processing with data regularization show significant signal-to-noise ratio improvement over previous results. Because of the uplift brought by this new interpolation technology and workflow, data interpolation and regularization have become an integral part of Saudi Aramco's land 3D data processing workflow.
Early-life exposure to severe famine and subsequent risk of depressive symptoms in late adulthood: the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Li Changwei , Miles Toni , Shen Luqi , Shen Ye , Liu Tingting , Zhang Mengxi , Li Shengxu , Huang Cheng
Published: July 2018

Background

The Chinese Great Famine caused widespread starvation in 1959–1961. Its long-term association with depressive symptoms has not been studied.

Aims

To estimate the burden of depressive symptoms and the association of famine exposure with depressive symptoms.

Method

The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study is a nationwide representative survey of 17 708 Chinese adults aged ≥45. Propensity score matching and modified Poisson regression were used to evaluate the association between self-reported famine exposure in early life and depressive symptoms among the overall participants. Such associations were also assessed by developmental stage using modified Poisson regression and logistic regression.

Results

The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 26.2% (95% CI 25.1–27.3%) in 2011. As defined by loss of family members because of starvation, 11.6% (95% CI 10.1–13.1%) of this population experienced severe famine. When compared with participants who did not experience starvation, those who had experienced severe famine during fetal, mid-childhood, young-teenage and early-adulthood stages had 1.87 (95% CI 1.36–2.55), 1.54 (95% CI 1.23–1.94), 1.47 (95% CI 1.09–2.00) and 1.77 (95% CI 1.42–2.21) times higher odds of having depressive symptoms in late adulthood, respectively. The first two trimesters of pregnancy were a critical time window during the fetal stage when severe famine had a stronger association with depressive symptoms. Famine during infant, toddler, preschool or teenage stages was not associated with depressive symptoms. Overall, famine contributed to 13.6% of the depressive symptom burden in this population.

Conclusions

The Chinese Great Famine contributed substantially to the burden of depressive symptoms in China.

Declaration of interest

None.
A Series of Two-Coordinate Group-15 Element (P, As, Sb, Bi) Centered Radicals Having Bulky Alkyl Groups
Authors: Ishida Shintaro , Hirakawa Fumiya , Iwamoto Takeaki
Published: July 2018

Two-coordinate group-15 element centered radicals that bear a lone pair and an unpaired electron on the same group-15 atoms have received much attention in group-15 element chemistry. We previously synthesized an isolable dialkylphosphinyl radical, 2,2,5,5-tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)-1-phosphacyclopentane-1-yl (1P) and its antimony and bismuth analogues (stibinyl radical 1Sb and bismuthinyl radical 1Bi) as persistent radicals. We report herein (1) synthesis of an isolable cyclic dialkylarsinyl radical 1As that exists in the radical form both in solution and in the solid state and (2) comprehensive study of a series of neutral two-coordinate pnictogen-centered radicals (1P, 1As, 1Sb, 1Bi) including UV-vis spectra, redox properties, and reactions.
Differences within Elite Female Tennis Players during an Incremental Field Test
Authors: BRECHBUHL CYRIL , GIRARD OLIVIER , MILLET GRÉGOIRE P. , SCHMITT LAURENT
Published: July 2018

Purpose

To compare technical and physiological responses between junior and professional female players during an incremental field test to exhaustion specific to tennis.

Methods

Twenty-seven female players (n= 14 and 13 for juniors and professionals, respectively) completed an incremental field test to exhaustion specific to tennis, which consisted of hitting alternatively forehand and backhand strokes at increasing ball frequency (ball machine) every minute. Ball accuracy and ball velocity were determined by radar and video analysis for each stroke, in addition to cardiorespiratory responses (portable gas analyzer).

Results

The stage corresponding to the second ventilatory threshold (+20.0%, P= 0.027), time to exhaustion (+18.9%,P= 0.002) and maximum oxygen uptake (+12.4%,P= 0.007) were higher in professionals than in juniors. The relative percentage of maximal HR was lower at both the first (−4.7%,P= 0.014) and the second (−1.3%,P= 0.018) ventilatory thresholds in professionals. Backhand ball velocity was the only technical parameter that displayed larger (+7.1%, P= 0.016) values in professionals.

Conclusions

Compared with juniors, female professional tennis players possess higher exercise capacity, maximal and submaximal aerobic attributes along with faster backhand stroke velocities during an incremental field test specific to tennis.
The Firm Size Distribution across Countries and Skill-Biased Change in Entrepreneurial Technology
Authors: Poschke Markus
Published: July 2018

Development is associated with systematic changes in the firm size distribution. I document that the mean and dispersion of firm size are larger in rich countries, and increased over time for US firms. To analyze the firm size-development link, I construct a frictionless general equilibrium model of occupational choice with skill-biased change in entrepreneurial technology (i.e., technical progress favors better entrepreneurs). The model accounts for key aspects of the US experience with only changes in aggregate technology. It attributes half the variation in mean and dispersion of firm size across countries to technical change. Distortions also affect the size distribution. (JEL J24, L11, L25, L26, O33)
A Bioconductor workflow for processing and analysing spatial proteomics data
Authors: Breckels Lisa M. , Mulvey Claire M. , Lilley Kathryn S. , Gatto Laurent
Published: July 2018

Spatial proteomics is the systematic study of protein sub-cellular localisation. In this workflow, we describe the analysis of a typical quantitative mass spectrometry-based spatial proteomics experiment using the MSnbase and pRoloc Bioconductor package suite. To walk the user through the computational pipeline, we use a recently published experiment predicting protein sub-cellular localisation in pluripotent embryonic mouse stem cells. We describe the software infrastructure at hand, importing and processing data, quality control, sub-cellular marker definition, visualisation and interactive exploration. We then demonstrate the application and interpretation of statistical learning methods, including novelty detection using semi-supervised learning, classification, clustering and transfer learning and conclude the pipeline with data export. The workflow is aimed at beginners who are familiar with proteomics in general and spatial proteomics in particular.
Usos políticos del concepto de seguridad humana: securitización de la violación de derechos humanos y del subdesarrollo en el escenario internacional
Authors: Muñoz Tejada Julián Andrés
Published: July 2018

En este artículo se hace una revisión documental sobre algunos usos políticos del concepto ‘seguridad humana’ en el escenario internacional. El artículo muestra cómo esos usos en el escenario internacional se concretaron en procesos de securitización en torno a la violación de derechos humanos y el subdesarrollo en algunos contextos. Se explora cómo se formaron discursos de seguridad humana claramente diferenciables, lo que confirma el carácter equívoco de los conceptos en la política y cómo, si se estudian los usos que determinados actores les dieron en contextos específicos, se pueden conocer sus significados.
AS ENCHENTES URBANAS E O CRESCIMENTO DA CIDADE DO RIO DE JANEIRO: ESTUDOS EM DIREÇÃO A UMA CARTOGRAFIA DAS ENCHENTES URBANAS / THE FLOODS AND URBAN GROWTH OF RIO DE JANEIRO CITY: STUDIES TOWARD AN CARTOGRAPHY OF URBAN FLOODS
Authors: Costa Alexander Josef Sá Tobias da , Conceição Rodrigo Da Silva , Amante Fernanda De Oliveira
Published: July 2018

Desde a sua fundação, o crescimento da cidade do Rio de Janeiro foi determinado pelas inúmeras e intensas intervenções antrópicas no ambiente natural. Nesse processo, foram identificados vários aterros de lagoas e de porções litorâneas, mudanças na rede de drenagem e o desmatamento de encostas e sua ocupação. Considerando essas intervenções, associadas ao relevo – planícies em contato direto com maciços costeiros - e ao clima em que a cidade está inserida – com chuvas intensas e/ou de elevada altura, o Rio de Janeiro tem a ocorrência de enchentes urbanas com grande frequência, principalmente nos meses de verão. A área de estudo são os bairros da Grande Tijuca, na zona norte da cidade, que sofre constantemente com as inundações e os problemas sociais, econômicos e ambientais daí decorrentes. Nessa área, foram desenvolvidas propostas de mapeamento das enchentes urbanas em diferentes momentos das últimas duas décadas, utilizando métodos e técnicas distintas, mas que, analisadas sob um olhar teórico-metodológico, contribuem para o avanço da compreensão e espacialização do fenômeno, e, principalmente, caminham na direção de uma cartografia das enchentes urbanas.
O DESAFIO DA EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL EM ÁREA PROTEGIDA NA CIDADE DO RIO DE JANEIRO / THE CHALLENGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION IN PROTECTED AREA AT RIO DE JANEIRO CITY
Authors: Costa Nadja Maria Castillho da , Costa Vivian Castilho da
Published: July 2018

Conectar o conhecimento das áreas protegidas brasileiras ao cotidiano das escolas próximas deve ser uma das prioridades da educação ambiental formal. O projeto "A Escola e o Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca: um Programa de Educação Ambiental para Comunidades" em desenvolvimento pelo Grupo de estudos Ambientais da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – GEA/UERJ, tem por objetivo desenvolver, junto aos professores e alunos do ensino fundamental, práticas pedagógicas participativas em Educação Ambiental, com o desafio de utilizar o princípio da conservação ambiental como uma das leituras do mundo e ligação com a realidade local, sendo esta representada pelos recursos naturais e remanescentes florestais do Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB), maior unidade de conservação da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Até então, foram capacitados 65 professores e cerca de 3000 alunos do ensino fundamental de escolas públicas e particulares, no caminho da formação de uma rede de conhecimento e atuação na conservação ambiental da área protegida através da gestão participativa. As principais atividades do projeto são: informar e orientar professores e alunos sobre os impactos e soluções ambientais e socioculturais na área protegida; avaliar o desempenho das escolas selecionadas na aplicação/utilização do manual do professor em sala de aula; e formar a rede de conhecimento e diálogo entre as escolas contempladas e destas, com a administração da UC. Foi confeccionado e está sendo utilizado nas escolas, um manual (impresso e em e-book) com 10 módulos de aulas teóricas e atividades práticas, incluindo material e técnicas de sensibilização sensorial para deficientes visuais.
SISTEMA DE INFORMAÇÃO GEOGRÁFICA (SIG) APLICADO A GESTÃO DE RECURSOS NATURAIS. ATLAS DO APROVEITAMENTO DE ÁGUA DA CHUVA NAS ILHAS DE BELÉM – INICIATIVAS, DEMANDAS E POTENCIALIDADES.
Authors: Macedo Robson Raposo , Mendes Ronaldo Lopes Rodrigues , Costa Tony
Published: July 2018

Essa pesquisa apresenta um estudo multidisciplinar sobre gestão de águas nas ilhas de Belém. Destaca por meio de um diagnóstico temático socioambiental experiências ribeirinhas na utilização de projetos de captação de água de chuva. Com a utilização de Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG), apresenta a sistematização dados e informações considerando aspectos diversos relacionados ao uso do recurso natural água em seis projetos de captação de água de chuva distribuídos em nove ilhas da cidade de Belém. Em um universo de aproximadamente 3.000 habitantes sem serviços públicos de saneamento básico, destaca ações alinhadas, conscientemente ou não, à Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos e aos objetivos e diretrizes propostos no Plano Diretor Municipal de Belém. O produto final dessa pesquisa trata-se do resultado de uma dissertação de mestrado do Programa de Pós-Graduação do Núcleo de Meio Ambiente da Universidade Federal do Pará (NUMA/UFPA) onde se propõem o uso de um Atlas como ferramenta de auxilio à gestão ambiental, demonstrando como o uso de SIG por meio do Atlas pode contribuir na gestão de recursos naturais nas diversas temáticas que envolvem o uso de tecnologias sociais na busca de sustentabilidade e desenvolvimento local no que se refere ao uso da água em Belém.
Understanding structures of Collaborative Design Innovation (CDI) management practices: A strategic brand alignment approach
Authors: Nedergaard Nicky
Published: July 2018

This article sets out to explain structures of design management practices around the implementation of product innovation strategies that rely on collaborations with external design consultants, what this article refers to as Collaborative Design Innovation (CDI) strategies. Whilst design management practices for implementing collaborative approaches to product design innovation have been widely described in design and innovation management literatures, we still know very little about the organizational mechanisms affecting such structures and configurations of design management practices. This study aims to build theoretical explanations as to how we may understand structures of enacted CDI management practices, which is approached through analyses of how firms strive to strategically align design management practices and (corporate) brand management. First, the article presents a theoretical framework for analysing such strategic alignment by elaborating relational perspectives on different strategic approaches to brand management – conceptualized as ‘brand logics’ – and CDI management practices. Second, this framework is then applied to a multiple case study of six Danish small- and medium-sized enterprises operating in the Danish interior design industry. Through within- and cross-case grounded analyses empirical findings reveal relational patterns between two brand logics and two dominant structures of design management practices. As the main contribution of the article, findings suggest that observed differences in enacted structures of CDI management practices across case-companies may be explained on the basis of understanding firm dominant brand logics. Implications for design management theory and practice conclude the article.
Making sense of dress: On sensory perspectives of wardrobe research
Authors: Skjold Else
Published: July 2018

This article displays selected findings from a line of so-called ‘wardrobe method’ interviews conducted in the period 2010–16, in which the sensory system plays a particularly important role. The research approach of the project represents a fusion, on the one hand, of addressing the body as important within fashion and dress research and, on the other, the emphasis on user experiences and practices within the area of design research that also highlight sensory, utilitarian and symbolic aspects. Synthesizing the two research areas in the interview technique of clustering, the author shows how she has engaged with sensory perspectives of dressing in her field work, as well as in her analysis. As such, the overall departure for the article is the idea that user- and practice-oriented approaches from within design research are particularly well fitted to enrich the understanding of the way in which dress culture is not only something that has to do with visual display, but very much so with sensory experience as a tool for sense-making.
RANKL and TNF-α-induced JNK/SAPK Osteoclastogenic Signaling Pathway was Inhibited by Caffeic Acid in RAW-D Cells
Authors: Sandra Ferry , Briskila Junita , Ketherin Ketherin
Published: July 2018

Caffeic acid, a natural substance found majorly in fruits, grains, and herbs, is known to have therapeutic benefits. One of which is to inhibit bone resorption by targeting osteoclastogenesis through inhibition of the Cathepsin K, p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (MAPK), Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cells c1 (NFATc1) and Nuclear Factor kB (NFkB). Besides p38 MAPK, the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) / stress-activated protein kinases (SAPK), another member of MAPK family, has been reported to play important roles in osteoclastogenesis. Hence, current study was undertaken in order to investigate mechanism of Caffeic Acid towards JNK/SAPK pathway. Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) staining was performed on caffeic acid-treated and RANKL-TNFα-induced RAW-D cells. Western blot analysis was performed to detect JNK/SAPK and phosphorylated-JNK/SAPK. Protein bands were quantified and statistically analyzed. Treatment of 10 μg/mL Caffeic Acid inhibited 20 ng/mL RANKL and 1 ng/mL TNFα-induced RAW-D differentiation into TRAP+ osteoclast-like polynuclear cells. Induction of 20 ng/mL of RANKL and 1 ng/mL of TNFα for 0.2 or 1 hour, significantly increase phosphorylation of JNK/SAPK as compared with control. Treatment of 10 µg/mL Caffeic Acid significantly inhibited the 20 ng/mL of RANKL and 1 ng/mL of TNFα-induced phosphorylation of JNK/SAPK. Taken together, Caffeic Acid could inhibit the RANKL and TNFα-induced osteoclastogenesis through JNK/SAPK.