bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable AI: Innovations for Energy-Efficient Machine Learning Models
Authors: Islam Jabed Mohammad Majharul
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) into Salesforce development to optimize code and configuration processes. The primary purpose was to evaluate how AI-powered recommendation engines enhance development efficiency, code quality, and user satisfaction. Using a combination of simulated data and empirical analysis, the study developed an AI recommendation engine and assessed its impact on key performance metrics including development speed, error rates, and customization accuracy. Major findings reveal that AI integration led to a significant reduction in development time (from 100 to 65 units) and defect density (from 3.8 to 1.9 defects per 1,000 lines of code), while improving customization accuracy and user satisfaction. The analysis demonstrates that AI tools streamline development processes and enhance code quality, leading to faster and more reliable outcomes. These findings support the hypothesis that AI significantly benefits Salesforce development by increasing efficiency and effectiveness. The study underscores the value of AI in software customization and highlights areas for further research.
InstruM3D: A Project for Creating Digital Twins of Medical Instruments
Authors: Taibo Javier , Santos Lineros Noemí , Gómez Álvarez Ana , Iglesias-Guitian Jose A.
Published: February 2025

InstruM3D is a project designed to promote the creation and sharing of 3D digital twins of medical instruments and promote their use in interactive applications, primarily for educational and research purposes. This project aims to facilitate the creation of 3D models with enough geometric details, allowing the differentiation between various types of surgical instruments, with a quality that enables their professional use for teaching in healthcare training centers. This project has been mainly developed by undergraduate students coursing a degree in digital creation, animation, and videogames, under the multidisciplinary supervision of professionals from both, the technical and healthcare domains. All 3D models have been publicly released under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license at https://instrum3d.citic.udc.es.
Sobre como medir diferenças de resultados no ensino
Authors: Hoffmann Rodolfo
Published: February 2025

O artigo mostra que é inapropriado usar a divergência de Kullback-Leibler para comparar distribuições de notas de avaliações de aprendizagem, como é feito em vários trabalhos publicados. Argumenta-se, nesta pesquisa, que, havendo interesse em avaliar a desigualdade de distribuições de notas ou de escolaridades, é razoável utilizar uma medida usual de desigualdade como o índice de Gini. O artigo mostra também que é inapropriado usar a divergência de Kullback-Leibler como medida de desigualdade de notas entre categorias de estudantes. Para ilustrar o uso de diversas medidas e procedimentos estatísticos, é feita uma análise da distribuição da escolaridade das pessoas ocupadas no Brasil e nas unidades da Federação, usando os dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua de 2022.
Topic identification behind political discourse: What was said and what was meant?
Authors: Hadj Djelloul Khadidja , Benzayed M'hamed
Published: February 2025

Language plays a crucial role in shaping meaning, yet the same words can convey different messages depending on context, intent, and audience perception. This phenomenon is particularly evident in political discourse, where leaders strategically use language to persuade, influence, and control narratives. While extensive research has examined political rhetoric, there remains a gap in understanding how key political figures manipulate discourse to align with their agendas. This study aims to analyze the underlying themes in the speeches of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak during the 2011 Arab Spring Uprising and British politician Andrea Leadsom’s Prime Minister campaign speech on July 4, 2016. Using a discourse analysis methodology, the study examines how linguistic choices, rhetorical strategies, and implicit messaging shape audience interpretation. The findings reveal a significant disparity between the explicit content of these speeches and their underlying political intentions, highlighting the strategic use of language in crisis and leadership narratives. This research contributes to the field of political communication by offering insights into how discourse is employed as a tool of persuasion and control, emphasizing the need for critical analysis in interpreting political rhetoric.
Keywords: Discourse; political discourse; speech; topic identification.
Adaptive-Historical Energy-Efficient Temperature Control for Tropical Greenhouses
Authors: Laumal Folkes , Suhardiyanto Herry , Solahudin Mohamad , Widodo Slamet
Published: February 2025

Maintaining an optimal microclimate is essential for efficient operation of tropical greenhouses, particularly under fluctuating weather conditions. This study proposes an adaptive energy-efficient model for regulating air temperature in tropical greenhouses using historical climate data. The model optimizes the fan rotation speeds via an inverter to meet the temperature targets while minimizing energy consumption. Key methodologies include climate data analysis, development of a predictive model for indoor air temperature using Artificial Neural Networks, and optimization of fan speed control. The model achieved high predictive accuracy, with an RMSE of 0,02 and an R² of 0,96. The practical implementation demonstrated effective temperature control, with fan speeds ranging between 30 and 40 Hz during cloudy periods and 50 Hz in sunny conditions. Notably, the system reduced electricity consumption by 33,93% during cloudy weather and 18,54% in sunny weather, showing its potential for significant energy savings. This data-driven adaptive model approach is highly suited for tropical greenhouses experiencing dynamic climatic variations and offers a sustainable and efficient solution for greenhouse microclimate management.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Monitoring Kualitas Air dan Stasiun Cuaca Berbasis Sensor Industrial dengan Protokol Modbus RS485
Authors: Prakasa Aras Teguh , Liyantono  , Widodo Slamet
Published: February 2025

River water quality is typically monitored using sampling methods. This approach makes detecting water pollution challenging owing to the limited sampling time. Another factor influencing water quality is weather, which can be addressed by incorporating weather station sensors as corrective tools. The collected data were processed and visually displayed to make the important information easily interpretable. The water quality parameters measured in this study included Electrical Conductivity (EC), temperature, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), salinity, pH, turbidity, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), and saturation. The weather parameters measured by the system included wind speed, wind direction, air temperature and humidity, atmospheric pressure, rainfall, and solar radiation. The system's capabilities include data transmission via cellular networks, data backup using an SD card, and industrial sensors with IP (Ingress Protection) standards that utilize the Modbus RS485 protocol. The study followed the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) or waterfall method to ensure system readiness and durability in real-world environments. The Modbus RS485 protocol allows multiple sensors to share a single cable line, resulting in a more efficient and less complex wire arrangement. These findings highlight the necessity of separating sensor lines based on parity type and baud rate for each sensor, enabling simultaneous readings in subsequent operations.
ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS FOR PREGNANT WOMEN INFECTED WITH MALARIA
Authors: Rahmadhani Wulan , Aprina Hardianti , Chamroen Pall , Soe Than Kyaw
Published: February 2025

Background: Malaria is a disease caused by protozoa infection of the genus Plasmodium transmitted through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitos. Malaria infection in pregnancy is detrimental to both the mother and the fetus. Several efforts to prevent and eradicate malaria have been implemented, but many pregnant women are still infected with malaria. Purpose: To know the risk factors for pregnant women infected with malaria. Methods: This study used the literature review method by searching for articles analyzing risk factors for pregnant women infected with malaria. Articles were searched from two databases, namely PubMed and Google Scholar. The keywords used are "Pregnant Women" AND "Infected Malaria". The inclusion criteria (IC) in the article search were publication year: articles published in the last 5 years from 2018-2023 with the subject of pregnant women infected with malaria; the paper should be full text, with a Cross-sectional and case-control study. Results: This study involves 10 articles discussing the analysis of risk factors for pregnant women infected with malaria. Some studies revealed that the host, agent, and environment highly determine the spread of malaria. The spread of malaria occurs when those three components support each other. Risk factors for malaria are pregnant women's residence, wire netting installation on ventilation, and use of mosquito nets and repellent. Conclusion: Based on the reviewed articles, it can be concluded that pregnant women who do not use mosquito nets and whose residences are close to standing water and bushes have a greater risk of getting malaria.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH TUBERCULOSIS-DIABETES MELLITUS COMORBIDITY
Authors: Nugrahaeni Dyan Kunthi , Kusumasari Ika , Budiana Teguh Akbar , Mauliku Novie Elvinawaty
Published: February 2025

Background: The double burden disease refers to the increase of communicable and non-communicable disease, such as comorbidity tuberculosis (TB) with diabetes mellitus (DM). If not treated properly and managed, tuberculosis can lead to comorbidity with diabetes mellitus. Purpose: This research aims to determine factors associated with tuberculosis-diabetes mellitus comorbidity. Methods: Research design used case-control study, sample cases are TB patients with DM as many as 15 people, while sample control is TB patient without DM as many as 30 people. Independent variables include age, education, occupation, TB severity, body mass index, and quality of life, while the dependent variable is comorbidity TB-DM. The instrument used the World Health Organization’s Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF). Data analysis was performed utilizing the Chi-Square test and Independent T-test. Results: This study’s findings indicated that the variable age (p= 0.011; OR= 6; 95% CI= 1.39-25.85), education (p=0.03; OR= 4.12; 95% CI= 1.06-16.03), TB severity (p= 0.02; OR= 4.57; 95% CI= 1.18-17.67), and quality of life domains were significantly related to TB-DM with comorbidity: physical (p=0.00; OR=42.25; 95%CI=6.82-261.61), psychological (p=0.03; OR=4; 95% CI=1.07-14.89) and environmental domain (p=0.01; OR=10.54; 95% CI=1.06-105.03). Conclusion: Factors influencing comorbidity between TB-DM include age, education level, TB severity and quality of life. Enhancing immunity in TB patients is essential to reduce the severity of TB and comorbidity of TB-DM, with recommendations for support from family, parents, children, and friends to improve the quality of life for those with TB-DM.
IDENTIFYING RISK FACTORS FOR THE SPREAD OF DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS IN LAMPUNG IN 2023: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY
Authors: Awaliyah Kharismatul , Farich Achmad , Muhani Nova , Amirus Khoidar , Eka Sari Siregar Fitri
Published: February 2025

Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a growing health concern in Lampung, where the low rate of DR-TB case detection and high treatment failure rates emphasize the necessity of identifying risk factors to strengthen control measures for DR-TB. Purpose: This study aimed to identify the dominant risk factors for the spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis among patients in Lampung Province in 2023. Methods: Using a case-control study design, the research utilized secondary data from the Tuberculosis Information System (SITB) Lampung Province. A total sampling method was employed, with 126 respondents in the case group and a 1:1 ratio, making the total sample size 252 respondents. Data matching was done for gender and age variables. Statistical analysis included univariate, bivariate chi-square, and multivariate logistic regression tests. Results: Univariate analysis showed that 57.90% of respondents were male, 57.90% were in the at-risk age group, 58.30% were employed, 81.30% did not have diabetes (DM) comorbidity, 97,20% did not have HIV comorbidity, 67,50% had no prior TB treatment history. Bivariate analysis indicated significant associations with occupation (p-value 0.04), DM comorbidity (p-value 0.02), and treatment history (p-value 0.00). Gender, age, and HIV comorbidity showed no significant associations. The multivariate analysis showed a significant effect of the TB treatment history variable (p-value 0.00, OR=9.04) and the HIV comorbidity variable (p-value 0.03, OR= 0.08). Conclusion: TB treatment history is the dominant factor that can affect the spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Lampung Province in 2023. Future researchers are encouraged to focus on studying the types of treatment failures.
Assessment of the Potential Health Risks Associated with the Plumbum, Cadmium, Zinc and Nickel Content in Fish Tissue Collected from Retention Pond
Authors: Nabila Natasya Abdullah  , Eh Rak Aweng
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The presence of heavy metals in fish constitutes a potential health risk to human consumers. This research aims to address this issue by determining the concentration of heavy metals in fish samples collected from retention ponds and assessing potential health risks for those who consume fish caught from the ponds. The primary objectives involve assessing the concentrations of heavy metals in fish tissues. Additionally, the study aim to evaluate potential health risks. Methods: The Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was employed to quantify heavy metal concentrations, while health risk assessments were based on EDI, THQ, HI, and CR calculations. Results and Discussion: The findings indicate a metal distribution pattern in the order of Zn> Pb> Ni> Cd and the observed value is lower than the maximum level permitted by FAO. The THQ and HI values for all studied metals were found to be below 1, signifying a lack of adverse non-carcinogenic health effects on consumers. At the same time, the cancer risk values for examined heavy metals are well below the value 10-4 which is consider as acceptable cancer risk, except Ni. CR value for Ni was recorded higher than 10-4 approaching higher limit of acceptable limit, suggesting a heightened cancer risk for consumers who consume these fish throughout their entire lifespan. Conclussion: The findings from this research have significant implications, contributing to various aspects of public health, environmental management, and regulatory measures.
PENGEMBANGAN E-MODUL HIDROLISIS GARAM BERBASIS ETNOSCIENCE DENGAN MODEL SCIENTIFIC CRITICAL THINKING (ETNO-SCT) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS DAN HASIL BELAJAR PENGETAHUAN PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Pratiwi Diyah Intan , Bakti Iriani , Syahmani Syahmani
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan e-modul hidrolisis garam berbasis Etno-SCT yang valid, praktis, dan efektif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains dan hasil belajar pengetahuan peserta didik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Research and Development (R&D) dengan model ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation).  Subjek penelitian adalah 5 orang validator dan peserta didik kelas XI MIPA 1 SMA Negeri 8 Banjarmasin berjumlah 32 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar validasi, angket keterbacaan, angket respon, lembar observasi, dan instrumen tes. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa validitas e-modul sebesar 94,66% dengan kategori sangat valid ditinjau dari aspek isi, penyajian, bahasa dan media. Kepraktisan e-modul dilihat dari tingkat keterbacaan dalam kategori sangat baik, hasil angket respon peserta didik dan guru pada kategori sangat baik, serta hasil observasi kemampuan guru dalam menggunakan e-modul dan keterlaksanaan pembelajaran berkategori sangat baik. Keefektifan e-modul dilihat berdasarkan nilai N-gain keterampilan proses sains sebesar 0,75 (tinggi) dan hasil belajar pengetahuan sebesar 0,78 (tinggi). E-modul hidrolisis garam berbasis Etno-SCT ini telah memenuhi kriteria valid, praktis, dan efektif sehingga layak digunakan sebagai bahan ajar untuk meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains dan hasil belajar pengetahuan peserta didik dalam pembelajaran kimia.
Publishing educational and educational literature in Siberia and the Far East at the end of the 19th – 20th centuries
Authors: Erlikh V. A.
Published: February 2025

The purpose of the article is to form an idea about the release of educational and methodical literature on disciplines taught in various educational institutions of the Far East in the pre–revolutionary period. In this regard, the author provides statistical information on the release of literature by year and city of the Amur Educational District, demonstrates the variety of topics of published works, the structure and content of a number of publications. The source base was data from volumes 1 and 2 of the "Consolidated Catalog of the Siberian and Far Eastern Books" (Novosibirsk, 2004). When writing the article, various research methods were used: bibliographic, statistical, analytical-thematic, historical-retrospective. Generalized data on statistics and topics of educational and methodical publications published in the printing houses of the Far East in the pre-revolutionary period are presented for the first time. The results of the statistical analysis indicate that Vladivostok was the leader in publishing such literature. In other cities of the region, significantly fewer works were published.Among the textbooks, textbooks, lecture courses, anthologies were works on linguistics – Chinese, Korean, Tibetan, Japanese, Mongolian, English and French; Korean, Mongolian, Japanese literature; history of China and Japan; political science, military affairs, law, political economy, economics, agriculture, geography, meteorology, theology. A significant mass of publications consisted of programs, reports of educational institutions and societies, charters, instructions, protocols, rules, regulations, works on the history of educational institutions, as well as works dedicated to various anniversaries. The most actively published educational literature on linguistics. There were primers, textbooks, anthologies, lecture courses, grammars, etc. History and geography are mainly represented by lectures, state and law programs.
Profiling nano-titanium dioxide use in Singapore: a survey of practices, quantities, and workers
Authors: Prasath Sriram , Palaniappan Kavitha , Chan Sally
Published: February 2025

Background: Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), particularly nano-titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2), are increasingly utilized across diverse industries. However, limited data exist regarding potential worker exposure to nano-TiO2 in Singapore. Objectives: This study aimed to (i) quantify the usage trends of nano-TiO2 and identify relevant industrial sectors in Singapore, (ii) characterize the forms of nano-TiO2 utilized in industrial applications, and (iii) estimate the number of workers potentially exposed to nano-TiO2 across industrial sectors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 65 companies identified as potentially involved with nanomaterials. The survey collected data on nano-TiO2 usage patterns, quantities handled, and worker exposure potential. Results: Eleven companies (17%) participated in the study. Nano-TiO2 was found to be used in various forms (solid, powder, aerosol/liquid) across diverse sectors, including research and development, manufacturing, and construction. Monthly handling amounts ranged from 0.2 to 50 kg for dry nano-TiO2, with some companies using suspensions in larger volumes (20–300 l/month). The number of workers potentially handling nano-TiO2 per company ranged from 2 to 20. Conclusions: This study provides the first comprehensive overview of nano-TiO2 usage and potential exposure in Singapore’s industrial landscape. The findings highlight the need for proactive measures to ensure worker safety as the field of nanotechnology continues to evolve.
Carbon footprint awareness of nursing students: A qualitative study
Authors: KAŞIKÇI Mağfiret , BAĞCI Yeşim , YILDIRIM Zeynep , NACAK Ulviye Aydan
Published: February 2025

Backround:
The increasing impact of climate change on public and environmental health underscores the importance of understanding carbon footprints and adopting sustainable practices. Nursing students play a critical role in promoting environmental awareness and integrating eco-friendly practices into healthcare delivery. This study aim to asses the awareness of nursing students about ‘Carbon Footprint’ and their suggestions for reducing carbon footprint
Design:
Qualitative study.
Methods
Sixty fourth-year nursing students enrolled in the "Public Health Nursing" course within the nursing department from a a university located in eastern Turkey participated in this study. Twelve face-to-face interviews were conducted. Transcripts were subjected to structured qualitative content analysis.
Results
As a result of the analysis of the data obtained from the participants, two main themes as ‘Awareness of Carbon Footprint’ and ‘Measures to Reduce Carbon Footprint’, four sub-themes as ‘Effects on Human Health’, ‘Effects on Environmental Health’, ‘Individual Measures’ and ‘Institutional Measures’ and eighteen codes in total were created.
Conclusion
This study revealed that nursing students possess a fundamental awareness of the carbon footprint and its implications for human and environmental health. Integrating comprehensive environmental education into nursing curricula can empower future healthcare professionals to adopt and advocate for sustainable practices in both personal and professional domains.
Vulnerability of Global Afforestation Projects to a Polyphagous Invasive Fall Webworm
Authors: Zhao Lilin , Ning Jing , Du Jingjing , Lu Deliang , Chen Jiquan , Wang Hui , Hao Dejun , Fan Jianting , Guo Lei , Song Wei
Published: February 2025

Global plantations, crucial for restoring degraded landscapes, face rising invasive pest threats, in recent decades. This study highlights that the invasion and proliferation of the fall webworm have been facilitated by the global afforestation boom in the last 80 years and could pose a threat to all global ecological projects until 2050. Since 1940, this polyphagous pest has spread to 40 countries, following an S-curve pattern. The distribution of the fall webworm is positively correlated with the expansion rates of afforestation and host tree plantation areas. China is now the most affected country by the fall webworm, with the highest comprehensive threat index (CTI). The number of host species has risen from 121 in the U.S. to 400 in China, and the host range has expanded from hardwoods to include coniferous trees. Notably, two-thirds of the total 600 host plants are tree species utilized for afforestation purposes. The preferred host species, Acer, Quercus, and Populus, are predominant in eight major global ecological projects. Additionally, hydroclimate extremes are projected to increase threats to 65.8% of afforestation zones by 2070, highlighting the need for strategic tree species selection to achieve sustainable ecological goals of global ecological projects, and protect against pests.
Per2 deficiency in microglia alleviates motor dysfunction by inhibiting ferroptosis in spinal cord injury
Authors: Bie Pengfei , Su Dongpo , Gao Yang , Wu Liang , Niu Zhanfeng , Zhao Yanbin , He He , Jiang Zhanfeng , Zeng Zhong , Zhang Yaolin , Fan Heng , Xia Hechun
Published: February 2025

Microglia are specialized resident immune cells of the central nervous system parenchyma that mediate reactions such as the inflammatory response to spinal cord injury (SCI) and play significant roles in exacerbating or alleviating disease progression. Previous studies have suggested that ferroptosis, a newly discovered form of regulated necrotic cell death, plays a crucial role in exacerbating neuronal dysfunction and loss following SCI; however, the role of microglial ferroptosis in SCI and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we elucidate that lipid droplets accumulate in microglia to facilitate ferroptosis of microglia after SCI. Notably, microglial ferroptosis peaks at 3 days post-injury, after which it decreases. Microglial Period 2 (Per2) expression is elevated after SCI in vivo, this change is highly synchronized with the changes in microglial ferroptosis. Using conditional knockout mice, we observed that microglia-specific Per2 knockout promoted neurological function recovery by suppressing microglial ferroptosis. In vitro, Per2 overexpression and deficiency amplified and mitigated microglial ferroptosis, respectively. Using RNA-seq analysis, we found that Gpx4 was downregulated by Per2. Coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) demonstrated that Per2 directly interacted with PPARα to further regulate Gpx4. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the degree of microglial ferroptosis was decreased and that the number of microglia was increased by treatment with a ferroptosis inhibitor, which indicated that reducing microglial ferroptosis during the acute phase of SCI may be beneficial for alleviating neurological dysfunction. Overall, our results indicate that Per2 determines the susceptibility of microglia to ferroptosis via the PPARα-Gpx4 axis, and suggest that Per2 has potential as a therapeutic strategy to alleviate motor dysfunction by inhibiting microglial ferroptosis following SCI.
OsbZIP35 Interacts with OsSAPK3 and Enhances Drought Stress Tolerance and Yield in Rice
Authors: Lou Dengji , Zhang Xiaoxuan , Chen Zhen , Wang Yiling , Yu Diqiu , Yang Xiaoyan
Published: February 2025

OsbZIP35 is a member of the B subfamily of bZIP transcription factors in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The function of OsbZIP35 has not been reported previously. In this study, drought, H2O2, abscisic acid, and NaCl treatments strongly induced the expression of OsbZIP35, whereas treatment with gibberellin, indoleacetic acid, and jasmonic acid did not affect OsbZIP35 expression. We used the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology to construct OsbZIP35 knockout mutants (bzip35-1 and bzip35-2) and evaluated the function of OsbZIP35. The results showed that, compared with the wild type, the bzip35 mutants were more sensitive to drought stress during the germination, post-germination growth, and seedling stages. Specifically, the bzip35 mutants exhibited a lower germination percentage, a weaker growth phenotype, and an increase in reactive oxygen species accumulation. Further analysis indicated that, under drought stress, OsbZIP35 regulated reactive oxygen species accumulation by modulating the contents of antioxidants, thereby positively regulating the response of rice seedlings to drought stress. In addition, we observed that OsbZIP35 could be phosphorylated by OsSAPK3 and participated in the abscisic acid signaling pathway in response to drought stress. Agronomic trait analysis revealed that, under drought stress at the heading stage, the panicle length and seed-set rate of bzip35 mutants were significantly lower than those of the wild type. This study examined the role of OsbZIP35 in rice stress tolerance and yield regulation, and identified an upstream regulatory gene, OsSAPK3. The results provide novel information on the mechanisms of stress tolerance and yield regulation in rice.
The Influence of Green Technology Innovation and Renawable Energy Consumption on Environment Quality in Indonesia
Authors: Gunawan Rio Deny Andre
Published: February 2025

Environmental degradation is currently the most talked about issue around the world. Climate change and global warming are indicators of this damage. Carbon emissions are one of the main causes of global warming. In 2001, Indonesia ranked 21st as the country with the largest CO2 gas emissions. In 1990, the total emissions resulting from fossil fuel combustion reached about 83.8 million tons, and are expected to increase to 368.3 million tons by the end of 2020. By 2022 Indonesia ranks 7th in the world. In 2024, Jakarta ranked 4th as the capital city with the worst air quality in the world. This study aims to analyze the effect of Green Technology Innovation, Renewable Energy Consumption, GDP, and FDI on Carbon Emissions in Indonesia using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method. The results showed that the Green Technology Innovation variable had a significant negative effect, the Renewable Energy Consumption variable had a significant negative effect, the GDP variable had a significant positive effect while FDI had a no effect.
Perfil Sociodemográfico e Clínico dos Pacientes submetidos a Tratamento Endodôntico na Clínica Escola de Odontologia da UFCG: Estudo Observacional Retrospectivo de 10 Anos
Authors: Silva Marcelo Antônio de Souza , Pereira Natália D'avila Rodrigues , Valente de Brito Dants Marcia , Matos Felipe de Souza
Published: February 2025

O conhecimento do perfil dos usuários dos serviços de saúde bucal universitários ajuda a mapear desigualdades sociais e pode contribuir no planejamento de novas estratégias de diagnóstico precoce e tratamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico dos pacientes submetidos a tratamento endodôntico na Clínica Escola de Odontologia (CEO) da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), em Patos (PB). Foi desenvolvido um estudo observacional retrospectivo, cujos dados foram obtidos nos registros dos prontuários de pacientes atendidos nos anos de 2012 a 2021. Observou-se que a maior parte dos pacientes (63,61%) era do gênero feminino, na faixa etária de 30 a 39 anos (12,59%), de cor parda (22,45%), estado civil casado (43,88%), com ensino médio completo (25,51%) e residência no município de Patos (80,27%). No perfil clínico, a condição médica mais prevalente foi a cardiopatia (15,31%). O tipo de dente com maior frequência de tratamento endodôntico foi o incisivo superior (38,02%), sem dor pré-operatória (58,47%), e o diagnóstico pulpar e periapical mais observado foi necrose (62,30%) e tecidos apicais normais (43,45%), respectivamente. O tratamento mais realizado foi a necropulpectomia (65,50%). A maioria dos tratamentos foi realizada em mais de três sessões (63,58%) com mais de dois meses (38,66%) de duração. Concluiu-se que a maioria dos pacientes submetidos a tratamento endodôntico na CEO/UFCG na década de 2012 a 2021 é do gênero feminino, com faixa etária de 30 a 39 anos, cor parda, estado civil casado, com ensino médio completo, e residência no município de Patos. A cardiopatia foi a doença sistêmica mais prevalente. O incisivo superior, a ausência de dor pré-operatória e a necrose pulpar constituíram o perfil odontológico predominante.
The Role of Electrochemical Sensors in Enhancing HIV Detection
Authors: Li Xingxing , Zhu Jiangwei , Fu Li
Published: February 2025

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a significant global health challenge, necessitating rapid, sensitive, and accessible diagnostic tools. We examined recent advancements in electrochemical sensors for HIV gene detection, focusing on various sensing strategies, nanomaterial integration, and novel platform designs. Electrochemical sensors have demonstrated remarkable progress in HIV detection, offering high sensitivity and specificity. DNA/RNA-based sensors, aptamer approaches, and nanostructured platforms have detection limits as low as attomolar concentrations. Innovative signal amplification techniques, such as branched DNA amplification and toehold strand displacement reactions, have further enhanced sensitivity. Multiplexed detection systems enable simultaneous quantification of multiple HIV targets and related biomarkers. Integration of microfluidic technologies has improved sample processing and detection efficiency. Paper-based sensors show promise for low-cost, disposable testing platforms suit-able for resource-limited settings. While challenges remain in terms of selectivity in complex biological samples and point-of-care applicability, electrochemical sensors hold great potential for revolutionizing HIV diagnostics. Future developments in recognition elements, artificial intelligence integration, and combined sensing modalities are expected to address current limitations and expand the capabilities of these sensors, ultimately contributing to improved HIV management and epidemic control strategies.
Palladium-Catalyzed Heck Cyclization/Reductive Aminocarbonylation of Carbamoyl Chlorides with Nitroarenes
Authors: Gong Jia-Yi , Wang Zi-Yi , Cui Zi-Yi , Liu Jin-Jing , Zhou Zhe , Gao Xin , Chen Chen , Ni Chunjie , Zhu Bolin
Published: February 2025

A palladium-catalyzed Heck cyclization/reductive aminocarbonylation was developed for
alkene-tethered carbamoyl chlorides with nitroarenes using Mo(CO)6 as a convenient CO surrogate
and reductant. This process constructed one C–N bond and two C–C bonds, yielding a variety of
amidated oxindoles/γ-lactams with an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter under gas-free conditions.
The transformation exhibited a wide range of substrate compatibility and exceptional functional
group tolerance.
Systemic Sclerosis Complicated by Rapidly Progressive Osteomyelitis: A Case Report
Authors: Nigro Angelo
Published: February 2025

Background:

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disorder characterized
by progressive fibrosis and vascular complications. Osteomyelitis is a rare but serious complication
in patients with systemic sclerosis, particularly those with advanced vascular compromise.
This case is notable for the rapid progression of osteomyelitis and highlights the importance of early
intervention and thorough clinical monitoring.

Case Presentation:

We report the case of a 68-year-old female with SSc (Scl-70 positive), treated
with iloprost IV, nifedipine, bosentan, prednisone, and mycophenolate for pulmonary involvement.
In January 2024, she developed acrocyanosis and severe pain in the fifth toe of the right
foot. A small ulcer formed, and subsequent radiographic evaluation revealed rapid progression of
osteolysis. Despite negative culture swabs, an infectious process was suspected, and combination
antibiotic therapy was initiated. This treatment led to a gradual resolution of symptoms, with subsequent
imaging showing detachment of the fifth toe.

Conclusion:

This case highlights the critical need for vigilant radiographic monitoring and timely
antibiotic intervention in patients with SSc who develop vascular complications. Early diagnosis
and treatment are crucial for optimizing patient outcomes and preventing severe bone damage.
Design, Synthesis, Characterization, and Antitumor Activities of
Benzimidazole-functionalized Organoruthenium Complexes Bearing
Fluorine Group
Authors: Paşahan Ramazan , Demirci Özlem , Taşkın Irmak İçen , Paşahan Aziz , Sever Meryem Rüveyda , Gök Yetkin , Aktaş Aydın
Published: February 2025

Background:

This work presents the synthesis of Ru(II)NHC complexes bearing a
series of 4-fluorobenzyl group. These complexes have been characterized by a variety of spectroscopic
methods (1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FTIR) and by elemental analysis techniques.

Methods:

These complexes' antitumor activities against SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma) and
HCT116 (human colon cancer) were investigated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-biphenyl
tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.

Results:

The results showed that all the synthesized complexes exhibited significant cytotoxic
effect with low IC50 values 15 ± 0.57, 15.26 ± 0.71, 7.64 ± 0.30, 27.66 ± 0.36 and 14.45 ± 0.84
(μg/mL) respectively.

Conclusion:

Furthermore, apoptosis assessed by double labeling with Annexin V-FITC/PI indicated
that complexes 1b and 1d can effectively induce apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation at
the S phase in SH-SY5Y cells. Taken together, Ru(II)NHC complexes containing the 4-
fluorobenzyl group have significant potential for the development of novel, highly effective anticancer
agents.
Long-term Sustained Response to Lenalidomide after Clearance of Bone Marrow Blasts by Azacytidine in High-risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes with Del5q: A Case Report.
Authors: Niscola Pasquale , Giovannini Marco , Gianfelici Valentina , Mazzone Carla , de Fabritiis Paolo , Oliva Esther Natalie
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

This report discusses a rare case involving a patient with high-risk (HR)
Del(5q) myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) who achieved a long-term response to lenalidomide after
having received six cycles of azacytidine. The latter treatment led to the clearance of blast cells
from the bone marrow (BM).

Case Representation:

As per current clinical practice, patients with HR MDS receive azacytidine
continuously until the disease progresses or the occurrence of unmanageable side effects. However,
in this case, the patient decided to interrupt hypomethylation therapy. Due to the patient's preference
for oral therapy at home, the absence of blast cells, the ongoing need for transfusions, and
a cytogenetic abnormality-predictive response to lenalidomide, the choice of the latter agent allowed
for a sustained response lasting up to 68 months.

Conclusion:

Our observations suggest that further studies could explore the sequential use of azacytidine
followed by lenalidomide after achieving BM blast clearance in patients with HR MDS
with del(5q).
Understanding U.S. Foreign Policy in Iran and the Middle East: A General Review Study
Authors: Korshenko Anton
Published: February 2025

The complex fabric of United States foreign policy towards Iran and the Middle East region in general is shaped by an intermingling of historical occurrences, cultural factors, and geopolitical interests that are not easily comprehensible. With incessant conflicts and the shifting dynamics of power towards a given center of gravity for stability, understanding American motives is increasingly more important. This post attempts to analyze the historical context of U.S. foreign policy on Iran and the Middle East, scope of relations, strategic interests involved, and problems in policy formulation and implementation in an area characterized by stress and apprehension. With a myriad of U.S. foreign policy choices in the Middle East, the effects on the daily lives of ordinary citizens in that region is indeed a juxtaposition of monumental proportions. This review endeavors to scrutinize the overlap between the U.S.’s policies and the real existing paradigms concerning it defining this crucial field of international politics.
СКАНИРУЮЩАЯ КАПИЛЛЯРНАЯ МИКРОСКОПИЯ КЛЕТОК ФИБРОСАРКОМЫ
Authors: Ахметова А.И. , Советников Т.О. , Терентьев А.Д. , Яминский И.В.
Published: February 2025

Сканирующая капиллярная микроскопия (СКМ) стала универсальным методом для исследования взаимодействий в живых клетках и тканях. СКМ находит успешное применение в биологии и материаловедении при биофизических и электрохимических измерениях. Изначально этот вид микроскопии использовался в основном для регистрации 3D-морфологии клеток в естественной среде, но в скором времени метод стал развиваться благодаря применению модифицированных и многоканальных капилляров, что позволило регистрировать активные формы кислорода вблизи и внутри поверхности клеток, оценивать деформацию и другие механические свойства исследуемых объектов. Современные модификации установки СКМ сделали данный метод важным инструментом в биоаналитических, биофизических и материаловедческих измерениях. В данной работе представлено исследование клеток фибросаркомы с помощью капиллярного микроскопа "ФемтоСкан Х Айон", созданного на основе оригинальных систем электроники, механики и программного обеспечения.
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROTECTIVE AGENTS DESIGNED FOR ENHANCEMENT OF THE RESISTANCE TO ABIOTIC AND BIOTIC SOYBEAN STRESSORS ON THE KHABAROVSK TERRITORY
Authors:   Far-East Research Institute of Agriculture, Tishkova A.G. , Aseeva T.A. ,   Far-East Research Institute of Agriculture, Zolotareva E.V. ,   Far-East Research Institute of Agriculture
Published: February 2025

Period of the research: years 2016-2017. Research objective: experimental data on the
agroecological assessment of soya protective agents designed for disease and adverse environmental factors protection in adaptive technology of biological and chemical protection: TMTD, water-suspension concentrate; immunocytophyt, tablets; Zircon, solution; Bisolbiphyt, powder and Extrasol, liquid; Nutry Fight, liquid with water-softener Spartan, liquid; liquid humic fertilizer, Optimo, emulsion concentrate, which had a positive effect on the
growth, development, phytosanitary condition of soybean crops and soybean yields, by the
example of the variety Ivan Karamanov. Trial plots: meadow-brown loamy clay soil of cornsoy crop rotation, Far East Research Institute of Agriculture. Observations: phenological
observations, biometric records, records on the development and spread of the disease, structural elements of the crop yield. Epiphytosics of peronosporosis and the growth of root rot
were inhibited best of all by TMTD, water-suspension concentrate with Optimo, emulsion
concentrate; Zircon, solution, TMTD, water-suspension concentrate with Nutri Fight, liquid
with water-softener Spartan, liquid; Extrasol, liquid. Significant increase in soybean yield in
comparison with the control is provided by treatment the of seeds and vegetating plants with
Zircon and Extrasol, as well as seed sterilization with TMTD, water-suspension concentrate
with Optimo, emulsion concentrate. The addition to the control variant amounted to1300 and
1520 kg/ha, to the sample variant - 1080 and 1300 kg/ha, respectively.
PATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF CHANGES OF GUNSHOT WOUNDS IN THE REGION OF SHOULDER BLADE JOINT OF WILD BOAR UNDERGONE EXPERIMENTAL SHOOTING FROM DIFFERENT DISTANCES
Authors:   Primorskaya State Agricultural Academy, Kozhushko A.A. , Korotkova I. P. ,   Primorskaya State Agricultural Academy
Published: February 2025

Currently, the problem of preserving the natural diversity of wild flora and fauna is
becoming more and more relevant and significant due to the huge growth of poaching activities. Poaching is one of the global problems leading to the disappearance of valuable species
of flora and fauna. The loss of any species of wild fauna causes enormous damage to the
interests of society, leading to irreparable losses. The disappearance of certain species of
flora or fauna does not pass without harm and violates the ecosystem. Crimes against wild
fauna are regulated under article 258 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation («Illegal Hunting»). There are administrative and criminal liability for violation of this article.
In this regard, there was an urgent need for the use of special knowledge in the investigation
of crimes related to wild flora and the organization of forensic examination as an independent direction of forensic veterinary examination. The appointment of forensic biological examination is an obligatory significant action, and the results of the research of experts in this
field are considered one of the decisive sources of evidences in the course of investigation. P.
V. Fomenko wrote that the forensic biological examination of violently killed animals has
much in common with the postmortem examination, but differs significantly from it in terms
of goals, objectives and methods of implementation. The examination is carried out not only
to establish the cause of death of the animal, but also to clarify the circumstances under
which the death of the animal occurred. The reasons for forensic veterinary investigation of
killed animals are very different. In the most often cases, the investigators have to solve the
following questions: the determination of lifetime morphological changes and causes of
death of the animal; the presence of any injuries that caused damage and death of the animal; the suddenness of the death of a wild animal, especially in cases of gunshot wounds
requiring the intervention of the judiciary. According to S. V. Aramilev’s opinion, improving
the quality of forensic examinations is necessary to toughen control over poaching, smuggling and illegal trade in wild animals, their parts and derivatives, and, consequently, to impose adequate punishment for these offenses.
MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MAGPIE ON THE TERRITORY OF AMUR REGION
Authors:   Far Eastern State Agrarian University, Toushkina A.F.
Published: February 2025

Magpies live everywhere in the Amur Region. Unlike their other congeners, magpies
do not settle in the forests, as they need a territory on which they can hunt. This is usually
an open area with some single trees and bushes. Now it has become popular for magpies to
settle in parks. In winter, more birds appear on the city streets than in summer, as during
winter there is less food for them in their natural habitats and some of the birds move closer to humans. As regards magpie's habitat, Amur Region is situated at the junction of the three
geographic races, currently identified as East Siberian, Amur and Ussuri. Amur subspecies,
according to morphometric parameters, is poorly distinguished, i.e. it is still should be considered a hybrid subspecies of Pica pica leucoptera and Pica pica jankowskii. But it is believed that the Amur subspecies of the magpies have behavioral differences, voice signal nuances and differences in spatial dynamics depending on the seasons of the year within the
habitat biotopes. The research on the article’s topic was conducted in the Amur Region. The
main portion of studies was done in 2017. As the result of the study three magpie subspecies
were found to be predominant on the territory of the Amur Region - East Siberian subspecies
(Pica pica leucoptera) with more cyan color on the wings and green on the tail, Amur subspecies (Pica pica amurensis) with blue wings and a green-blue tail and Ussuri subspecies
(Pica pica jankowskii) with blue-violet wings and a green-blue tail. The findings of morphometric studies have revealed morphological differences in subspecies: East Siberian subspecies of magpie are the largest, Ussurian subspecies are the smallest and Amur subspecies are
between these two in their physical sizes.