bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of instant feedback in improving student understanding of basic accounting concepts
Authors: Gregory Brent , Uys Philip , Gregory Sue
Published: July 2024

An Accounting Practice Set that provided immediate feedback was developed in an attempt to accelerate the acquisition of accounting skills by students. A number of metrics were used to measure student engagement in the practice set and to measure if students did acquire accounting skills more rapidly. While results to this stage are still preliminary, through the analysis of Phase One it does appear that many students can gain significant benefit from the practice set. However, there are still a portion of the students that have not engaged.
Defining an agenda for learning analytics
Authors: Gunn Cathy
Published: July 2024

Learning analytics is an emergent field of research in educational technology where the use of large, passive datasets collected routinely by online learning systems can offer unprecedented insights into student learning and behaviour. These datasets provide objective feedback from students to teachers, allowing the latter to check the validity of assumptions and the influence of learning design decisions. This offers a new opportunity to inform learning design and enhance broad understanding of learning with technology. However, translating raw analytics data into meaningful information for teachers and learning designers currently requires a high level of technical expertise. This paper outlines learning analytics as an emergent field of research, and an agenda to advance understanding and promote development of appropriate methodologies for research in learning technology.
The socially networked language learner
Authors: Alm Antonie
Published: July 2024

This paper investigates tertiary language students’ experiences of the social networking site Facebook for out-of-class language exposure. It draws on the findings of a larger study on the use of Facebook for informal language learning, and focuses on 1) the connections between language students and their native speaker Facebook friends, 2) students’ digital writing practices and 3) students’ perceptions of the value of informal learning on Facebook as opposed to classroom based formal study. The findings of the study indicate a disconnect between informal and formal learning practices and suggestions will be provided to bridge this gap.
In the right space
Authors: Evans Richard , Cook Roger
Published: July 2024

The environments that we inhabit shape our everyday lives, influencing our behaviors and responses (Manu, 2013). As we enter an immersive phase of education in which physical and digital environments become inseparable, should we reconsider the role and importance of design on pedagogical practice? This paper explores the reciprocal cause and effect of space, technology and pedagogy in shaping the design of educational experiences within Queensland University of Technology's collaborative learning spaces.
The place of theory in educational technology research
Authors: Hannon John , Al-Mahmood Reem
Published: July 2024

Research into educational technologies tends to focus on applied phenomena, with the consequence that theoretical concerns can be implicit or invisible. We identify an impatience with theory that is reflected in calls for “pragmatic” approaches, and ask how critical theory is in educational technology research. We contend that notions of theory drawn from naturalistic sciences that inform learning design give rise to a theory/practice distinction in which theoretical concerns are subsumed under practical goals, constraining the potential for rich conceptualisations and explanations. We make the case that theory matters in two senses: it has institutional and pedagogical implications for educational outcomes, and it is integral to the practices associated with educational technologies. Further, we claim that the material arrangements in educational technologies are often overlooked, and propose alternatives to this dualistic separation towards a relational theory-practice-researcher nexus.
Giving students an informed choice when selecting teams for group work
Authors: Gulatee Yuwanuch , Masek Martin
Published: July 2024

Most large scale software projects require team work. However, it is a common problem that, when forming teams in a university setting, students know little about each other, resulting in dysfunctional teams. To help alleviate this, we ran three small preliminary assignments before students formed a team for the last major project. The idea was to encourage students to work with a variety of group members before they could choose their final team. The results showed that half of the final groups had a makeup that changed from their first initial group.
Exploring the theory and ethics of autoethnographic social research with adult survivors of childchood sexual abuse (CSA)
Authors: McRobert Korinna
Published: July 2024

This paper deals with the phenomenon of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) as an experience of those overpowered by it in the past: the survivors. It introduces on-going autoethnographic social research, on survivors of CSA by a survivor of CSA. The theoretical foundation and context of the research is delved into in detail, before giving an outline of ongoing research of the author. The empowerment theory is used as the main theoretical orientation, tagging other related concepts onto it, before linking it to the research methodology. This practice is autoethnographic and arts-based, as well as activist, as it has the aim at being a tool to empower both the participant and researcher alike. Ethics of such research are considered and ethical approaches are proposed, in order to strike a balance between protection and safety, as well as participation and visibility. This paper frames the act of abuse as overpowering, and focuses on the subsequent process of empowerment, post-abuse. The research has two main agendas: to keep the body in the forefront of the investigation, defined as every part of the human body, including the mind; and the survivors' process of empowerment. The paper ends with conclusions and considerations based on the theoretical framework but also the hypothetical, not yet conducted part of the research. This paper gives an insight into the process of research development, a snapshot of the journey of a novel researcher.
The trap of one perspective: a very subjective approach
Authors: Bilal Nina
Published: July 2024

In this paper I delve into the trap of one perspective relating to the concept of diversity via the reflection upon personal experiences and societal perceptions. Departing from traditional academic approaches I navigate through anecdotes and reflections, highlighting the dangers of a singular perspective. In the article structured into three sections—introduction, discussion, and conclusion—I examine the transformative potential of embracing diversity. From cultural exchanges to historical figures like Christopher Columbus, each narrative underscores the importance of diverse viewpoints. The aim is to provoke thought, inspire introspection, and spark meaningful dialogue, ultimately advocating for a more inclusive and empathetic society.
Imaging manifestations of ductal adenoma of the breast: A case report
Authors: Zhu Yaning , Yu Haitong , Zheng Zhaolong , Liu Zewen , Li Qin , Wu Xiqing
Published: July 2024

Tubular adenomas of the breast are rare benign epithelium-derived tumours, and so few cases have been reported. Most often, the tumours are palpable, well-circumscribed masses in women of childbearing age and are commonly diagnosed as fibroadenomas both clinically and radiographically. We describe the case of a premenopausal patient with tubular adenoma of the breast who presented with small nipple discharge and a palpable breast mass. On imaging, tubular adenomas are practically indistinguishable from fibroadenomas and most commonly present as oval, circumscribed masses that are hypoechoic on ultrasound. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), tubular adenomas may present as lobulated or oval masses with a hyperintense signal on T2-weighted imaging and inhomogeneous internal enhancement on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Pathologic findings after resection of the mass confirmed the diagnosis of tubular adenoma.
“Real Comrades in Struggle and Suffering”: Women’s Experiences in the Vapniarka Concentration Camp
Authors: Ştefan Olga
Published: July 2024

From the 1200 Jews interned at the Vapniarka concentration camp, slightly over one hundred were women. A regime of extermination was imposed in the early months of captivity through the toxic pea fodder distributed as food. More than half of the survivors remained either with paralysis or some other permanent illness. This article focuses on the female experience in the camp, the self-perception of women in contrast to the representation of women by men, as expressed through various narratives such as novel testimonies, oral histories, and autobiographies. Using narrative analysis I show how the prisoners of Vapniarka perceived their participation in different forms of resistance to fascist attempts at extermination and how time and place of telling impacted the language used. This is the first article focusing on the topic of the women of Vapniarka.
Der märchenhafte Populismus, oder: Die Politik der Gattung
Authors: Dümling Sebastian
Published: July 2024

Der Beitrag versucht, sich mittels einer Re-Lektüre der klassischen (kulturanthropologischen) Gattungstheorie der diskursiven Dimension des zeitgenössischen Populismus anzunähern. Dabei wird der Begriff „Kollektivgattung“ entwickelt. Dieser bezieht sich auf eine Gattung, die dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass sie einerseits empirische Kollektive, andererseits Imaginarien des Kollektiven adressiert. Letztere verheißen, Differenz zu tilgen und Ganzheit zu stiften. Um die Argumentation zu veranschaulichen, unternehme ich eine Parallellektüre von zwei auf den ersten Blick kaum miteinander verwandten Text- und Erzählformen: Märchen und populistische Invektiven. Obwohl sie in der Tat wenig gemein haben, sind – so meine These – die Regeln von Kollektivgattungen für beide prägend.
Der rückprojizierte Erfolg
Authors: Winzer Axel
Published: July 2024

Die Kinder- und Hausmärchen der Brüder Grimm sind das mit Abstand international erfolgreichste deutschsprachige Buch. Aber ab welchem Zeitpunkt genau lässt sich der Bestsellerstatus belegen? 2016 aufgetauchte Archivbestände und weitere Rezeptionsdokumente belegen, dass der Verkaufserfolg in Deutschland erst viel später einsetzte als bislang angenommen.
Communicating intergenerational justice and climate change: a study of youth-generated environmental discourses
Authors: Aiello Jacqueline , Di Martino Emilia
Published: July 2024

Awareness of climate change as an intergenerational issue with inequitable risk burden for younger generations is a relatively recent phenomenon. However, youth activists have already managed to come to occupy a meaningful role in climate advocacy. Accepting the invitation to search for positive new discourses to live by, this paper applies a positive discourse analytical lens to the study of the online discourses produced by the youth climate activists of Generation Climate Europe (GCE), the largest coalition of youth-led networks on climate and environmental issues at the European level, examining how GCE newsletters and podcasts use discursive strategies and multimodal resources to communicate their message. The (corpus-assisted) positive discourse analysis of this GCE-produced content revealed that the youth activists designed a complex virtual space brimming with cross-references, intertextuality, and options for its audience that projected an identity for the coalition as a productive, solution-oriented, and agentive organization. The discourses produced by GCE were carefully tailored to a specific interpretive community and they aimed to both claim and impart authority and expertise. GCE’s interactional practices strove to generate wiggle room to resist the status quo and advocate for critical issues such as intergenerational justice and institutional transparency. In disclosing these results, the authors hope to have contributed to understandings of how sustainable climate advocacy is currently being enacted by youth within digital communication across platforms.
Array tomography: trails to discovery
Authors: Micheva Kristina D. , Burden Jemima J. , Schifferer Martina
Published: July 2024

Tissue slicing is at the core of many approaches to studying biological structures. Among the modern volume electron microscopy (vEM) methods, array tomography (AT) is based on serial ultramicrotomy, section collection onto solid support, imaging via light and/or scanning electron microscopy, and re-assembly of the serial images into a volume for analysis. While AT largely uses standard EM equipment, it provides several advantages, including long-term preservation of the sample and compatibility with multi-scale and multi-modal imaging. Furthermore, the collection of serial ultrathin sections improves axial resolution and provides access for molecular labeling, which is beneficial for light microscopy and immunolabeling, and facilitates correlation with EM. Despite these benefits, AT techniques are underrepresented in imaging facilities and labs, due to their perceived difficulty and lack of training opportunities. Here we point towards novel developments in serial sectioning and image analysis that facilitate the AT pipeline, and solutions to overcome constraints. Because no single vEM technique can serve all needs regarding field of view and resolution, we sketch a decision tree to aid researchers in navigating the plethora of options available. Lastly, we elaborate on the unexplored potential of AT approaches to add valuable insight in diverse biological fields.
Happiness and Joy in Aristotle and Bergson as Life of Thoughtful and Creative Action
Authors: Marren Marina
Published: July 2024

The view of happiness that I propose in this article and derive on the basis of Aristotle’s and Henri Bergson’s ideas recommends that we must first understand life as an activity – not as a sum of accumulated experiences and things; nor a set of projects; nor fateful or haphazard events that befall us, but as a formative activity in which we play a key role. Ἐνέργεια or de l’action are at the core of life and it is by getting a hold of this creative core that we stand to live happily (Aristotle) or joyously (Bergson). For both thinkers, the possibility of happiness and joy comes to the fore, to no small extent, as a certain orientation in our thinking, i.e., as φρόνησις and θεωρία, for Aristotle, and as philosophy for Bergson. Our thoughts inform our choices and actions as well as our view of the world, grounding our sense of meaning, purpose, and value of action. It is by reckoning with the ever-unfolding act of life and with our own actions in it (actions which can be vicious, senseless, and unexamined or creative and constitutive of a life well-lived) that we also take hold of the possibility of happiness and joy.
“Objective Possibility” in Lukács’s History and Class Consciousness
Authors: Miller Tyrus
Published: July 2024

This study explores the pivotal concept of “objective possibility” within Lukács’s History and Class Consciousness, a concept that has received less attention compared to more prominent ideas such as reification or totality. Lukács frequently refers to “objective possibility” and related terms in essays like “What Is Orthodox Marxism?” and “Class Consciousness,” emphasizing its importance in understanding class consciousness theoretically. The term’s roots for Lukács derive from Max Weber’s methodological writings, which drew from John Stuart Mill and Johannes von Kries and applied to historical and social causation. However, Lukács diverges from Weber’s use, focusing not on counterfactual historical events but on latent historical tensions in the present that can be actualized through collective action. The study argues that Lukács integrates Weberian objective possibility with Marxist and Hegelian language, utilizing it within a modal social ontology. This approach allows Lukács to theorize key questions of class consciousness, historical action, and revolution. By drawing on Hegel’s dialectics of possibility, actuality, and necessity, as well as Marxian contradictions in material conditions, Lukács reconfigures objective possibility from a heuristic tool for the writing of history to an ontologically significant element in the field of historical action.
Mythos and catharsis in Aristotle’s Poetics
Authors: Kyriakou Poulheria
Published: July 2024

The paper argues that catharsis in Aristotle’s Poetics is a two-pronged process, which applies both to the construction of the mythos by the poet and its reception by the audience. Catharsis may plausibly be taken as the poet’s distillation of events that constitute a mythos so as to clear away anything that might undermine its coherence or disturb its unity. The sequencing of fearful and pitiable events in the plot according to probability or necessity allows the audience to evaluate or reevaluate properly the relative importance of factors that determine or influence the behavior of the tragic characters and the fulfilment of their fate. In several cases at least, the plot also leads the audience to realize that other features such as the heroes’ social and intellectual advantages, which they and/or the characters may have considered important in principle, because of their cultural or social background, and/or in the early stages of the plot, were not involved in the downfall (or salvation) of the heroes. This gradual and plot-induced shift in the audience’s appreciation of the relative importance of various factors constitutes the catharsis experienced by the audience. They gain a clear(er) understanding of the reason(s) why the heroes suffer and how they bring about (or escape) disaster. Sophocles’ OT and Euripides’ IT, which Aristotle praises highly in the Poetics, are discussed as examples that illustrate how their plots lead the audience to experience catharsis.
Constitutionalism and Globalization: Some Reflections
Authors:   University of Regensburg, Germany, Arnold Rainer
Published: July 2024

The article refers to two concepts: constitutionalism and globalization, which, although often used, their content scope has not yet been clearly defined. The essence of the text, however, is to answer the question of what is the interrelation of these two concepts and what is the significance of the rule of law in this context. The article also refers to the impact of globalization on the future of constitutionalism. In the conclusion, the author points out that globalization, the need for which is evident, must not lead to the abandonment of the fundamental values of constitutionalism as they have developed in the state. The core elements are the guarantee of human dignity, the principle of freedom and the principle of equality. These anthropocentric fundamental values must be preserved in their functional core both within and outside the state, in the context of transnational activities.
Article 93 as a European clause in the Spanish Constitution
Authors:   University of Białystok, Poland, Jackiewicz Andrzej
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this article is to answer the question of the legal nature of the European clause contained in the Spanish Constitution. The article examines how it has influenced the process of European integration and the constitutional order in that country. This has been done by analysing the provisions of the Spanish Constitution and the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Tribunal using Spanish constitutional law studies. In the author's opinion, the rather general and open European clause, although it required the jurisprudential activity of the Constitutional Tribunal, proved to be quite functional, becoming the basis of the relationship between Spanish law and EU law and remains unchanged to date.
Competences of the minister in charge of health related to the organisation of the provision of health services assisting procreation
Authors:   University of Gdańsk, Poland, Tykwińska-Rutkowska Dominika
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the publication is to answer the question whether, on the basis of the Act on Infertility Treatment, the minister in charge of health, as the central authority of government administration with the most extensive competences in the field of health, mainly realises, as assumed in the literature, normative competences, or whether he also undertakes other types of activities within the scope of the tasks set out by this Act. Its realisation, therefore, required an analysis of the competences of the minister in charge of health related to the organisation of the provision of health services in the field of medically assisted procreation, as defined by the aforementioned Act. This analysis was carried out using the dogmatic-legal method supported by scientific views. The analysis made it possible to establish, that this minister exercises two basic groups of competences: normative and competences to apply the law, which include the competences to: control, supervision, issue administrative decisions, as well as the competences to perform factual actions, including material-technical ones, and social organizational actions. Thus, a conclusion can be drawn that it has been equipped with a whole range of forms of activity that allow the realisation of the values assumed by the legislator, among which the type of activity such as issuing normative acts taking the form of universally binding regulations plays an important role.
The importance of implementing soft law standards in legal and constitutional matters in the European Union system – the case of Poland
Authors:   University of Bialystok, Faculty of Law, Poland, Spryszak Kamil
Published: July 2024

In today’s dynamic world, where global challenges bring new, often previously unknown aspects, there is an urgent need to adapt the legal framework to contemporary realities. In this context, the European Union, as one of the most complex and integrated legal systems in the world, must constantly evolve to respond effectively to the challenges posed by modern society. One of the key elements of this adaptation is the implementation of soft law standards in the legal and constitutional framework of the European Union. The concept of soft law refers to norms and principles that, although not binding in the traditional sense, influence the shaping of legal practice and constitute an important tool for the interpretation and implementation of hard legal norms. In the context of the European Union, whose structure is based on a complex legal system covering both Community and national law, understanding and proper application of soft law becomes a key issue to maintain unity and effectiveness of action. This article will focus on analyzing the importance of implementing soft law standards in the context of the legal and constitutional system of the European Union. Both theoretical and practical aspects will be considered, showing how norms of this type influence the shaping and development of European law. Moreover, the article will attempt to assess the effectiveness of these standards in the context of the changing political and social realities that the European Union must currently face.
Herramientas para la evaluación de riesgos asociados a cianobacterias productoras de cianotoxinas: aguas de consumo y uso recreativo
Authors: Diez-Chiappe Albano , Cirés Gómez Samuel , Perona Urízar Elvira , Quesada del Corral Antonio , Caro-Borrero Ángela , Carmona-Jiménez Javier , Colina-Márquez José , Contreras Pérez David , Salazar Torres Anthony , Ortiz Suárez David , Muñoz García Macarena , Martínez de Pedro Zahara , Casas de Pedro José A.
Published: July 2024

El propósito de este trabajo es diseñar herramientas sencillas y eficaces en formato de árbol de decisiones que puedan ser aplicadas para la evaluación de los riesgos asociados a cianobacterias planctónicas potencialmente productoras de cianotoxinas, tanto en cuerpos de agua usados para abastecer agua de uso y consumo, como en aquellos usados para actividades recreativas. Este documento está dirigido a organismos, autoridades y/o empresas de naturaleza pública, privada y/o mixta con competencias en la gestión de los recursos hídricos continentales, así como a los usuarios consumidores de dichos recursos. Se proponen tres árboles de decisiones, uno para aguas destinadas a consumo y dos para aguas de uso recreativo, que pueden ser adaptados según las circunstancias locales de cada región. Además, se realiza una breve descripción de los diferentes parámetros usados en el diseño de estas herramientas y se describen de forma general las diferentes técnicas utilizadas habitualmente para la medición de dichos parámetros. Estas herramientas de alerta temprana y evaluación de riesgos deben ser adaptadas localmente para que la evaluación del riesgo (potencial o real) y la toma de decisiones se aproxime a la magnitud del riesgo existente, traduciéndose esto en un correcto aprovechamiento de los recursos.
Solution of Inverse Problem for Diffusion Equation with Fractional Derivatives Using Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Brociek Rafał , Goik Mateusz , Miarka Jakub , Pleszczyński Mariusz , Napoli Christian
Published: July 2024

The article focuses on the presentation and comparison of selected heuristic algorithms for solving the inverse problem for the anomalous diffusion model. Considered mathematical model consists of time-space fractional diffusion equation with initial boundary conditions. Those kind of models are used in modelling the phenomena of heat flow in porous materials. In the model, Caputo’s and Riemann-Liouville’s fractional derivatives were used. The inverse problem was based on identifying orders of the derivatives and recreating fractional boundary condition. Taking into consideration the fact that inverse problems of this kind are ill-conditioned, the problem should be considered as hard to solve. Therefore,to solve it, metaheuristic optimization algorithms popular in scientific literature were used and their performance were compared: Group Teaching Optimization Algorithm (GTOA), Equilibrium Optimizer (EO), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), War Strategy Optimizer (WSO), Tuna Swarm Optimization (TSO), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Jellyfish Search (JS) and Artificial Bee Colony (ABC). This paper presents computational examples showing effectiveness of considered metaheuristic optimization algorithms in solving inverse problem for anomalous diffusion model.
In the Library, under a Tower Decorated with the Signs of the Zodiac... (in Lithuanian)
Authors: Būčys Žygintas
Published: July 2024

Pacevičius, Arvydas. Vilniaus imperatoriškasis universitetas mokslinės informacijos gniaužtuose, 1803–1832 = The Imperial University of Vilna in the Clutches of Scholarly Information, 1803–1832. Vilnius: Vilniaus universiteto leidykla, 2022, 492 p., Iliustr. Isbn 978-609-07-0754-8 (spausdinta knyga), isbn 978-609-07-0755-5 (skaitmeninis EPUB).
New phosphorylated 5-(hydroxyalkylamino)-1,3-oxazoles as potential anticancer agents
Authors: Bahrieieva Oksana S. , Golovchenko Oleksandr V. , Golovchenko Oksana I. , Zhirnov Victor V. , Brovarets Volodymyr S.
Published: July 2024

Eight new phosphorylated 5-(hydroxyalkylamino)-1,3-oxazoles were designed and tested for their ability to inhibit cancer cell growth. These compounds were evaluated against complete human tumor cell lines NCI-60. Only three compounds showed antitumor activity in the single dose assay, which were taken in the five dose assay. Compounds 7 and 8 showed the same average antiproliferative activity and cytotoxicity against sensitive cell lines of the general panel. However, compound 8 showed cytotoxicity to more lines than 7. By all parameters, these compounds were more active than compounds 5. Compounds 7 and 8 also showed high and similar antiproliferative activity in the concentration range GI50: 1-6 and TGI: 6-14 μM against all subpanels. Their cytotoxicity was in the concentration range of 25-54 μM. Compound 5 showed the same activity, with the exception of the leukemia, non-small cell lung cancer and ovarian cancer subpanels against which their activity was lower. When analyzing the structure-activity, it turned out that among the phosphorylated oxazole derivatives, only compounds containing the triphenylphosphonium cation (TPP+) in the 4th position of the oxazole ring exhibit antitumor activity. Moreover, the replacement of the phenyl radical in the 2nd position of the oxazole scaffold with a methyl radical led to the disappearance of the activity. The COMPARE algorithm reveals a high correlation of the antiproliferative activity of the tested compounds with the antitumor agents phyllantoside and chromomycin A3 in the GI50 vector and moderate with phyllantoside in the TGI vector. The target of all standard drugs that correlate with the cytotoxicity of the studied compounds, with the exception of didemnin, is DNA. Unlike standard compounds, synthesized active compounds carry a delocalized TPP+, which delivers them predominantly to mitochondria due to a much more hyperpolarized potential of the mitochondrial membrane in cancer cells than in normal ones. Therefore, their anticancer activity is most likely due to a disturbation of the structural and functional state of the latter due to interference with their intrinsic protein-synthesizing apparatus of mitochondria. The data obtained allow us to consider 5-(hydroxyalkylamino)-1,3-oxazoles loaded with TPP+ as leading compounds for further in-depth study and synthesis of new TPP+-containing 1,3-oxazole derivatives with antitumor activity
Analysis of prospective early childhood teachers' perceptions revealed through drawing from observations
Authors: Lee Min-Young ,   Research Institute for Early Childhood Education - Korea National University of Education
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to apprehend the relevant perception of prospective early childhood teachers by analyzing the drawings of prospective early childhood teachers from observation. To this end, 22 prospective early childhood teachers enrolled in the 3rd grade of the Department of Early Childhood Education at H University participated in the study from September 14 to 21, 2023. After drawing, the first interview consisted of introducing one's drawing and answering questions, and the second interview involved appreciating, sharing, and comparing each other's drawings. The results are as follows. In the drawing from observation undertaken by prospective early childhood teachers, firstly, ‘awareness of the direction of observation' appeared. The participants recognized observations as a means of understanding young children, imposing the process at the center, and accompanying an effort must be accomplished. Secondly, ‘awareness of the role of teachers as observers' appeared. They acknowledged that teachers play a role in sending affectionate attention, always keeping their positions, and putting what they have come to understand into practice when performing the observation. Based on these research results, it is expected that a teacher training course will be implemented to support prospective early childhood teachers to realize the value of observation.
A study on the kindergarten teachers' perception of teaching rights
Authors: Chung Hoewook , Kim Jiwon ,   Research Institute for Early Childhood Education - Korea National University of Education
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate the overall tendency of and differences in perceptions regarding the concept of kindergarten teacher’s teaching rights, and to identify their perceptions of changes after the revision of the five laws protecting teaching rights. For this purpose, a total of 220 kindergarten teachers in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Incheon were surveyed. The findings are as follows: Firstly, kindergarten teachers had a comprehensive understanding of the concept of teaching rights, including as rights, as authority, and in terms of relationships. There were differences in their perceptions of teaching rights depending on teachers’ teaching experiences and types of institutions. Secondly, kindergarten teachers perceived that the educational field had not changed significantly after the revision of the five laws protecting teaching rights. These results imply that there is a need for institutional and policy-level support to ensure that the laws protecting teaching rights are established in the education field. Also a change in the perception of the educational communities for teaching rights is required.
Exploring the contents of the revised Nuri curriculum implementation and practical research
Authors: Oh Chaisun , Lee Boo-Mi ,   Research Institute for Early Childhood Education - Korea National University of Education
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to explore research on the implementation and practice of the 2019 revised Nuri Curriculum and investigate ways to implement the curriculum based on the results of this study. For this purpose, the contents of 55 studies related to the implementation and practice of the 2019 revised Nuri Curriculum studied between 2019 and 2023 were analyzed. As a result, three content characteristics of the revised Nuri Curriculum implementation and practice research emerged. Firstly, it is implemented in a direction centered on children and play, supporting children's initiative, and pursuing teacher autonomy. Based on these research results, it was suggested that there is a need to pursue a direction for the future curriculum implementation to include understanding curriculum performance through educational practice, understanding and supporting children's learning, and providing an educational environment in which teachers' autonomy can be expressed thoroughly.
Development of early childhood teachers’ digital play support competency scale
Authors: Yu Jeong-in , Kim Kyung-chul ,   Research Institute for Early Childhood Education - Korea National University of Education
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to develop a scale for assessing early childhood teachers' competencies in supporting digital play. The research questions addressed are as follow: Firstly, what constitutes the structure of the scale for assessing early childhood teachers' competencies in supporting digital play? Secondly, what are the validity and reliability of this scale? To achieve these objectives, a preliminary set of 50 items was derived from a comprehensive review of existing literature on digital play support. Content aspect validity verification and a pilot study were conducted, resulting in a refined draft of 40 items. Content aspect validity was assessed through analyses of item suitability and point-biserial correlation coefficients, confirming that all items were appropriate for the purpose. Empirical validity assessments demonstrated satisfactory levels of subject fit and a normal distribution pattern in the levels of subjects and item difficulty. Internal structure aspect validity confirmed the scale's fit with the Rasch model. Generalizability aspect validity testing indicated that the scale did not exhibit differential functioning across various groups of early childhood teachers. These results affirm that the scale is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring early childhood teachers' competencies in supporting digital play.
Variations in Alarm Burden, Source, and Cause Across Inpatient Units at a Children’s Hospital
Authors: Clark Nicholas A. , Kyler Kathryn E. , Allen Geoffrey L. , Ausmus Andrew , Berg Kathleen , Beyer Jeremy , Centanni Ryan , Claeys Christine , Hall Matthew , Miles Andrea , Nyberg Ginny , Malloy-Walton Lindsey
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Alarms at hospitals are frequent and can lead to alarm fatigue posing patient safety risks. We aimed to describe alarm burden over a 1-year period and explored variations in alarm rates stratified by unit type, alarm source, and cause.

METHODS

A retrospective study of inpatient alarm and patient census data at 1 children’s hospital from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019, including 8 inpatient units: 6 medical/surgical unit (MSU), 1 PICU, and 1 NICU. Rates of alarms per patient day (appd) were calculated overall and by unit type, alarm source, and cause. Poisson regression was used for comparisons.

RESULTS

There were 7 934 997 alarms over 84 077 patient days (94.4 appd). Significant differences in alarm rates existed across inpatient unit types (MSU 81.3 appd, PICU 90.7, NICU 117.5). Pulse oximetry (POx) probes were the alarm source with highest rate, followed by cardiorespiratory leads (54.4 appd versus 31). PICU had lowest rate of POx alarms (33.3 appd, MSU 37.6, NICU 92.6), whereas NICU had lowest rate of cardiorespiratory lead alarms (16.2 appd, MSU 40.1, PICU 31.4). Alarms stratified by cause displayed variation across unit types where “low oxygen saturation” had the highest overall rate, followed by “technical” alarms (43.4 appp versus 16.3). ICUs had higher rates of low oxygenation saturation alarms, but lower rates of technical alarms than MSUs.

CONCLUSIONS

Clinical alarms are frequent and vary across unit types, sources, and causes. Unit-level alarm rates and frequent alarm sources (eg, POx) should be considered when implementing alarm reduction strategies.
Hypertension and Abnormal Renal Function and the Risk of Ischaemic Stroke in Anticoagulated Type 1 Evaluated Heart Valves, Rheumatic or Artificial Valvular AF
Authors: Winanti Rena , Raharjo Sunu Budhi , Ariani Rina , Hanafy Dicky Armein , Atmadikoesoemah Celly Anantaria , Almazini Prima , Pritazahra Armalya , Yuniadi Yoga
Published: July 2024

Background: AF substantially increases the risk of stroke. The most widely used risk prediction score for AF is CHA2DS2-VASC. Previous studies have mainly focused on its efficacy among patients with non-valvular AF. The few studies that have considered patients with valvular AF highlight the tool’s poor scoring accuracy. Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical factors and echocardiographic parameters related to the incidence of ischaemic stroke in anticoagulated evaluated heart valves, rheumatic or artificial (EHRA) type 1 valvular AF patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Indonesian Registry on Atrial Fibrillation (OneAF). Patients with EHRA type 1 valvular AF recorded in the registry from January 2015 to December 2019 were included in the study. Results: The incidence of ischaemic stroke was 17 (5.2%) out of 329 AF patients with mitral stenosis or mechanical prosthetic valves. A multivariate analysis showed that two clinical factors: hypertension (OR 5.59; 95% CI [1.93–16.15]; p=0.001) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≤59 ml/min/m2 (OR 3.62; 95% CI [1.30–10.02]; p=0.013), were independently associated with the incidence of ischaemic stroke. No echocardiographic parameters were associated with the incidence of ischaemic stroke in this population. Conclusion: Hypertension and impaired renal function elevated the risk of ischaemic stroke in the patient population. Further research is necessary to determine the proper scoring system for predicting ischaemic stroke in this subgroup.
Giant Eustachian Valve Mimicking an Inter-atrial Septal Defect
Authors: Nazi Nisa Nadhira Mohd , Shariff Raja Ezman Raja , Yusoff Mohd Rahal , Ibrahim Khairul Shafiq , Kasim Sazzli
Published: July 2024

A 68-year-old woman presented with dyspnoea attributed to acute pulmonary oedema. Due to an audible diastolic murmur, a transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) was performed revealing severe rheumatic mitral stenosis and regurgitation. Although initial assessment of the interatrial septum did not reveal any atrial septal defects, upon TEE evaluation using a 112° window, an interatrial defect was seen, with turbulent flow seen through this. However, using multiplanar imaging, a separate elongated Eustachian valve was shown to be mimicking an ‘arm’ of the interatrial septum and giving rise to the illusion of a defect. The Eustachian valve is a congenital remnant which often regresses at birth but can exist as an elongated structure originating from the inferior portion of the right atrium and may appear as an atrial septal defect. By employing multiplanar imaging on TEE, we were able to systematically discern the reason behind the apparent defect and avoid further delays to the patient’s care.
Royal Sugar Sculpture
Authors: Mason Laura
Published: July 2024

Review of an exhibition devoted to royal sugar sculpture at the Bowes Museum tracing the history of the art form and describing some  historical moulds and equipment and the sugar sculptures themselves reproduced for the display. Illustrations.
Anna Martellotti: Il Liber de ferculis di Giambonino de Cremona
Authors: Perry Charles
Published: July 2024

Anna Martellotti: Il Liber de ferculis di Giambonino de Cremona: Schena Editore, Fasano, 2002: ISBN 88-8229-272-X: 20 pp., indexes, p/b, L. .000/Euro 22,72.
Eating Out in Ulaan Baatar
Authors: Lewis Alex , Jamsranjav Jargal , Isheekhuu Dorj
Published: July 2024

The author's impressions of dining out in Ulaan Baatar.
The Wusla That Was a Wasf
Authors: Perry Charles
Published: July 2024

The author recounts a recent trip to  Turkey, to inspect a manuscript of the cookbook Kita ?b al-Wus.la ila al-H. ab? ?b which Maxime Rodinson had reported in ‘Studies in Arabic Manuscripts Related to Cookery’ (reprinted in Medieval Arab Cookery, Prospect Books, 2001). He made several interesting discoveries, starting with the fact that since 1948, when Rodinson wrote, the Hüseyin Çelebi manuscript collection has been in-corporated into the Ministry of Culture’s Manuscript and Old Printed Book Library (Yazma ve Eski Basma Kütüphanesi), located in the former Incebey school near the Great Mosque (Ulu Cami). The manuscript Rodinson mentioned is now listed in Manuscript Catalogue I (El Yazma Dem. Defteri I; page 188) as #840, rather than under its old shelf num-ber, Tip 32. The manuscript itself turns out to be a compilation of three separate books, bound together with some 55 pages of miscellaneous recipes written in a variety of hands.
William Banting
Authors: Groves Barry
Published: July 2024

This paper won the Sophie Coe Award in 2002. It is an object lesson in ‘There is nothing new under the sun’ for today’s dedicated followers of fashion. Much more about Barry Groves’ work can be discovered on his website www.second-opinions.co.uk. I am grateful for his permission to download his text.
Imitation Food Then and Now
Authors: Adamson Melitta Weiss
Published: July 2024

The article looks at the history of imitation meats in the West from ancient Rome to the present, investigating methods and motivations.
Paul Richardson: Indulgence: Around the World in Search of Chocolate
Authors: Dalby Andrew
Published: July 2024

Paul Richardson: Indulgence: Around the World in Search of Chocolate: Little, Brown, 2003: ISBN 0316860956: 312 pp., h/b, £14.99.
Pat Willard: Secrets of Saffron
Authors: Dalby Andrew
Published: July 2024

Pat Willard: Secrets of Saffron: Souvenir Press, 2002: ISBN 0285636367: 225pp: h/b, £18.99.
ЖИРНОКИСЛОТНИЙ ТА ПОЛІФЕНОЛЬНИЙ СКЛАДИ ОЛІЇ З РІЗНИХ СОРТІВ ВИНОГРАДНОГО НАСІННЯ
Authors: Котляр Євгеній Олександрович , Єгоров Богдан Вікторович , Левчук Інна Володимирівна
Published: July 2024

Анотація. Встановлено збереження жирнокислотного і фенольного складів в олійно-жировій продукції. Олія з різних сортів виноградного насіння містить сприятливий комплекс жирних кислот. У результаті проведеного жирнокислотного складу досліджуваних олій з різних сортів виноградного насіння 2019-2021 років врожаїв, отримані усереднині дані усіх трьох років, які підтверджують збереження його з застосуванням розробки технології  Extra Virgin. У сорту Лідія до 98, 7 % по ω-6 ПНЖК та 95, 4% по ω-9 МНЖК. У сорту Ізабелла до 98, 3 % по ω-6 ПНЖК та 94, 5% по ω-9 МНЖК. У сорту Молдова до 98, 7 % по ω-6 ПНЖК та 93, 7 % по ω-9 МНЖК. У сорту Бакко до 98, 8 % по ω-6 ПНЖК та 94, 9 % по ω-9 МНЖК. У сорту Одеський чорний до 98, 4 % по ω-6 ПНЖК та 94, 4 % по ω-9 МНЖК.У сорту Каберне до 98, 2 % по ω-6 ПНЖК та 93, 1 % по ω-9 МНЖК. У сумішах: №1 (50:50): Мускат білий + Ноа до 98, 3 % по ω-6 ПНЖК та 96, 3 % по ω-9 МНЖК; №2 (50:50): Рислінг + Шардоне до 98, 3 % по ω-6 ПНЖК та 95, 0 % по ω-9 МНЖК та № 3 (50:50): Шардоне + Сухолиманський до 98, 6 % по ω-6 ПНЖК та 93, 9 % по ω-9 МНЖК. Варто зазначити, що наведені дані констатують про відмінності від року врожаю: у середньому вона становить біля 2, 0 %.
Різниця в показниках залежить також від сорту виноградного насіння та способу добування з нього олії. Отримані експериментальні дані показали, що вилучення олії з насіння різних сортів винограду має передувати екстракції полі фенольних сполук, оскільки дозволяють отримати екстракти з концентрацією фенольних сполук, що перевищує таку на 80-120 % у порівнянні з екстрактами, отриманими з нативного насіння різних сортів винограду.
ОБГРУНТУВАННЯ ПАРАМЕТРІВ ЗБЕРІГАННЯ МОЛОКА ПАСТЕРИЗОВАНОГО НИЗЬКОЛАКТОЗНОГО З ЛАКТУЛОЗОЮ
Authors: Чагаровський О. П. , Ткаченко Н. А. , Буштець Д. М. , Гончаренко С. С.
Published: July 2024

Анотація. У статті наведено характеристику та класифікацію часткової (гіполактазія) та повної (алактазія) непереносимості лактози; розглянуто класифікацію молочних продуктів для людей, хворих на непереносимість лактози, зазначено вимоги за вмістом лактози для низьколактозних та безлактозних продуктів. Наведено параметри гідролізу лактози у молоці із застосуванням ферментного препарату β-галактозидази HA-Lactase 2100 датської компанії Chr. Hansen. Охарактеризовано лактулозу як пребіотик, що використовується у технологіях молочних продуктів для профілактики дисбактеріозу.
Обґрунтовано масову частку лактулози у молоці пастеризованому низьколактозному. Показано доцільність виробництва молока пастеризованого низьколактозного із вмістом лактулози 0,3%, що забезпечить потребу організму людини на 30,0–50,0% у лактулозі при вживанні добової норми продукту – 500 см3.
Визначено зміну показників якості у молоці пастеризованому низьколактозному у герметичній тарі – пляшках пластикових ємкістю 1000 см3, виробленому у виробничих умовах на ТОВ «Гормолзавод» (м. Одеса), у процесі зберігання. Відзначено, що протягом 25 діб зберігання показники якості цільового продукту відповідають вимогам чинних нормативних документів до питного молока, зокрема, за показником «титрована кислотність», а при подальшому зберіганні – цей показник перевищує нормативне значення
Надано рекомендації щодо параметрів зберігання молока пастеризованого низьколактозного з лактулозою у герметичній тарі: із врахуванням коефіцієнту запасу, який для молока питного повинен складати 1,3, граничний термін зберігання молока пастеризованого низьколактозного з лактулозою, виробленого на ТОВ «Гормолзавод» (м. Одеса), не повинен перевищувати 19,2 доби за температури 2–6 ºС. Враховуючи той факт, що зберігання продукту на підприємстві при проведенні експериментальних досліджень здійснювалося за температури 2 ºС, було прийнято рішення рекомендувати встановити граничний термін зберігання молока пастеризованого низьколактозного з лактулозою за температури 2–6 ºС не більше 18 діб для попередження псування продукту у торгівельних мережах, де температура його зберігання може складати 2–6 ºС.