bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Search for predictors of methotrexate toxicity in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Devald I. V. , Myslivtsova K. Y. , Khodus E. A. , Ignatova G. L.
Published: January 2024

Aim. To determine prognostic markers of methotrexate (MT) toxicity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Materials and methods. The study included 294 patients with RA who were prescribed MT at a dose of 10 to 25 mg per week for the first time as basic anti-inflammatory therapy (BPVT). The following adverse events (AEs) were recorded: hepatotoxicity, toxicity from the gastrointestinal tract, blood system. Qualitative parameters were considered as possible predictors of MT intolerance: gender, obesity, smoking, systemic manifestations, as well as rheumatoid factor (RF), antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide (ACCP), intake of glucocorticosteroids (GCS), form of administration of MT; and quantitative: age of RA onset, baseline disease activity according to DAS28 (Disease Activity Score 28) and HAQ (Health Assessment Questionnaire), MT dose. Statistical processing was performed by one-factor methods using Pearson’s χ2 test with Yates correction, Fisher’s exact two-tailed test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and Student’s t-test. Multivariate analysis was carried out by binary logistic regression.

Results. In a univariate analysis, significant results were obtained for hepatotoxicity: a direct correlation with the use of corticosteroids at the onset (odds ratio (OR) 2.0; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.1–3.8, p = 0.03), inversely correlated with MT tablet intake (OR 0.5, 95 % CI 0.2–0.95, p = 0.03). According to the results of multivariate analysis, hepatotoxicity was recorded more often when taking GCS in the debut 2.01 times (95 % CI 1.02–3.96, p = 0.043), and in the presence of ACCP – 3.16 times (95 % CI 1.06–9.45, p = 0.039); and less frequently when taking tableted MT by 2.62 times (95 % CI 0.17–0.84, p = 0.017). Gastrointestinal toxicity tends to be associated with a younger age of RA onset (p = 0.06) and greater RA HAQ activity at onset (p = 0.07).

Conclusions. Hepatotoxicity is more expected in patients seropositive for ACCP and GCS treatment in the onset of RA, but is less common when taking MT tablets. AEs from the gastrointestinal tract are associated with a younger age of onset of the disease and a greater degree of activity according to the HAQ index.
Discussion of the importance of ultrasound for the preoperative diagnosis of ovarian tumors (the main provisions of the consensus of leading international organizations, published in June 2021)
Authors: Chekalova M. A. , Kedrova A. G. , Cherkasov E. Yu. , Kryazheva V. S. , Greyan T. A.
Published: January 2024

The aim of this work is to analyze the main provisions of consensus, leading international organizations to identify significant ultrasound signs of ovarian tumors at the stage of preoperative diagnosis. Considering the fact that malignant ovarian tumors do not always have specific signs and are accessible to imaging methods, therefore, the risk stratification model in the system of reports and data on ovaries and appendages (O-RADS) is a useful tool that helps classify the formation of appendages into higher risk categories.
Combination of pembrolizumab and lenvatinib in second-line therapy for MSS/pMMR advanced endometrial cancer: literature review and a case report
Authors: Darenskaya A. D. , Medvedeva B. M. , Rumyantsev A. A.
Published: January 2024

Despite the existing standard treatments for endometrial cancer, the prognosis for these patients remained poor until recently. None of currently available cytostatics ensured long-term disease control and long-term survival of patients receiving standard platinum-based therapy. Poor treatment outcomes in patients with advanced endometrial cancer necessitated changes in therapeutic approaches and development of more effective treatment regimens. Better understanding of carcinogenesis mechanisms, emergence of a new molecular classification of endometrial cancer, and implementation of tailored treatment approaches based on tumor types led to a significant breakthrough in the treatment of advanced endometrial cancer. Currently, the most effective second-line therapy for endometrial cancer with high level microsatellite instability (MSI-h) or deficient mismatch repair system (dMMR) (25 % of cases), and no indications for surgery is pembrolizumab monotherapy. Most of cancers (about 75 %) are represented by microsatellite-stable and mismatch repair proficient tumors (MSS/рMMR). Patients with such tumors demonstrating disease progression after systemic therapy should receive a combinations of the immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab and the multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib. In this article, we review relevant literature and report a case of successful treatment of MSS/pMMR advanced endometrial cancer with a combination of pembrolizumab and lenvatinib as a second-line therapy (after disease progression in response to platinum-containing first-line chemotherapy), which ensured long-term disease control.
Breast calcifications. Literature review
Authors: Khodorovich O. S. , Solodkiy V. A. , Kleshneva V. O. , Sherstneva T. V. , Ishchenko K. V.
Published: January 2024

Breast cancer continues to maintain a leading position in the structure of the incidence of all oncological diseases among women. Early diagnosis of the disease at the stage of assessing indirect signs makes it possible in the future to maintain a good quality of life for patients by forming proper dynamic monitoring and performing functionally sparing surgical treatment. Interest in the early detection of benign and malignant pathology of the mammary gland is growing every year. A multidisciplinary approach to the study of the formation of breast calcifications makes it possible to look at the problem in a multifaceted way, and ways to solve problems in the process of diagnosis underlie the biochemical understanding of the mechanisms of formation, which is no less important when evaluating mammographic images. Practically up to 50 % of non-palpable breast tumors in practice are detected by signs of existing calcifications in the gland tissue. At present, the problem of early detection of malignant tumors of the breast by radiographic signs of these calcifications, their shape and nature of location in the gland tissue and their further pathomorphological confirmation is being actively studied.We have analyzed the literature data of foreign and domestic authors over the past 20 years. The problem was considered from the mechanism of formation and morphological features of calcifications in the breast tissue to their radiographic assessment on mammographic images. According to the results of the studied literature, the biochemical features of the formations were taken as the basis for understanding the nature of calcifications in the breast tissue. On a biochemical level, calcifications are usually classified into two main types: type I, consisting of calcium oxalate, and type II, consisting of hydroxyapatite. The classification is based on chemical composition and mammographic characteristics, including morphology, distribution and density. Speaking about calcium oxalate, the benign nature of education is most often implied, which cannot be said about hydroxyapatite. Mammography is the main method for diagnosing these formations, taking into account the characteristics of the characteristic radiological signs, which are also detailed in this article.Understanding the molecular and structural development of calcifications may aid in the detection and treatment of breast lesions. Identification of these structures in a patient diagnosed with breast cancer refers to the early diagnosis of the disease, where, with timely prescribed therapy, we get high chances of good long-term results of relapse-free survival.
Automorphisms of Mackey groups
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Bezushchak Oksana
Published: January 2024

We consider total subspaces of linear functionals on an infinite-dimensional vector space and the related Mackey algebras and groups. We outline the description of automorphisms of Mackey groups SL∞(V|W), O∞(f), and SU∞(f) over fields of characteristics not equal to 2, 3. Moreover, the paper explores the relationship between field automorphisms and automorphisms of the aforementioned groups. J.Hall proved that infinite simple finitary torsion groups are the alternating groups on infinite sets or Mackey groups over a field, which is an algebraic extension of a finite field. J.Schreier and S.Ulam described automorphisms of infinite alternating groups. With the description of automorphisms of finitary Mackey groups and special finitary unitary Mackey groups we finish classification of automorphisms of all infinite simple finitary torsion groups over fields of characteristics not equal to 2, 3. The proof is based of description of automorphisms of elementary linear groups over associative rings that due to I.Golubchik, A.Mikhalev and E.Zelmanov.
Asymptotics of the mild solution of a parabolic equation with a general stochastic measure
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Bodnarchuk Irina
Published: January 2024

We study the Cauchy problem for a parabolic equation on the line driven by a general stochastic measure. Under some assumptions, we prove that the mild solution tends to zero almost surely as the absolute value of the spatial variable tends to infinity.
Teacher of the Future: New Scientific Approaches, Competency Matrices, Development Resources
Authors: Mitina L.M. , Osadcheva I.I. , Mitin G.V.
Published: January 2024

The article presents the process of holding and analyzing the results of the XIX International Scientific and Practical Conference “Teacher of the Future in the Focus of Dialogue of Sciences and Educational Practices”, organized as part of the Year of Teacher and Mentor in the Russian Federation, which took place on July 4-5, 2023 at the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Psychological Institute RAO”. The tasks and directions of the professional and personal development of the teacher, who is able to prepare students for the still unknown day of tomorrow, to help them enter the trajectory of self-determination and self-realization, were discussed. The problems and barriers development of educational subjects and their technological solutions were analyzed. The key role of the personal and professional development of the teacher in regulating the interaction of participants in the educational process on the basis of knowledge and culture of interpersonal relations for the development of individual abilities of schoolchildren is justified. The results of the conference are considered in the context of solving the theoretical and practical problem — the determination of favorable psychological and pedagogical conditions for the personal and professional development of the teacher of the future as a convergence of national traditions of Russian education, modern scientific knowledge and innovative technologies.
The Role of Masculinity Norms in the Formation of School Bullying
Authors: Burtsev E.A.
Published: January 2024

The article presents an analytical review of domestic and foreign publications highlighting the problem of school bullying in the context of adolescents’ adherence to the norms of traditional masculinity. It is necessary to consider school bullying through the prism of how gender stereotypes become dangerous for those boys who do not feel a sense of belonging to this large social group due to the fact that they do not fully comply with normative male behavior. Such children will be subject to ridicule and attempts to adjust their behavior to the appropriate norm both from the peers and, probably, from the teachers. Recent studies in several countries show that school bullying affects up to 35% of children. Most often, boys are involved in bullying and practices of physical abuse. Traditional norms of masculinity prescribe them and encourage aggressive, active behavior, competition and the avoidance of weakness and passivity. These standards prohibit boys from being tender, crying, and provoking aggression in response to an attack. Those boys who cannot fight back are bullied by other boys.
Clinical and neurological aspects of endocrine disorders in Down syndrome in children
Authors: Kolcheva Julia A. , Adrianov Andrey V.
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND: Down syndrome is a common genetic pathology in which multiple defects are observed, including endocrine disorders of varying severity. Hypothyroidism occupies a leading position among all hormonal disorders in such children. However, the significance of hypofunction of the thyroid gland in the development and progression of cerebral dysfunction in children with trisomy 21 has not been sufficiently studied.
AIM: Assessment of the impact of endocrine pathology in children with Down syndrome on the state of neurological functions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 50 children aged 3–5 years with complete trisomy of chromosome 21. At the same time, the number of boys was 13 (32%), girls — 27 (68%). Children of the main group had verified endocrine disorders associated with Down syndrome. Children in the control group had a confirmed diagnosis of Down syndrome, but did not have endocrine pathology, and their number was 10 people — 8 girls (80%) and 2 boys (20). Everyone underwent speech therapy and neuropsychological examination. Children of the main and control groups, in addition to standard biochemical and general blood tests, underwent a detailed laboratory study with determination of T3, T4, TSH levels. An advisory examination and dynamic observation by a speech therapist for 6 months. All children were assessed by a neurologist according to generally accepted methods.
RESULTS: Data have been obtained indicating a fairly widespread prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among patients with Down syndrome. However, clinical symptoms may not be specific due to their similarity to the phenotypic manifestations of a genetic disease. Thus, patients with clinically significant hypothyroidism had more severe cognitive impairment. There was a significantly lower level of psycho-speech development in 95.3±3.1% of cases (p 0.001) according to the results of comprehensive neuropsychological and speech therapy examinations. In the group of children with severe hypothyroidism, significantly more severe disorders of mental functions were encountered. At the same time, as thyroxine was prescribed in age-appropriate dosages for 3 months, the child’s condition improved, mnestic functions and voluntary attention improved in 60% of patients in the main group. In 70% of cases, there was an improvement in the evacuation function of the gastrointestinal tract, in 65% there was a normalization of the humidity and temperature of the skin.
CONCLUSION: Timely diagnosis of thyroid gland dysfunction is an important preventive measure for genetic abnormalities associated with multiple comorbid pathologies, such as trisomy 21, Down syndrome. Timely correction of existing disorders can improve the quality of life of such children and their relatives and can contribute to their adequate socialization and adaptation in modern society.
The state of cancer care in Russia: age and cancer. Features of the localization structure, quality of accounting and survival of patients with malignant neoplasms of senile age and centenarians (population study). Part 5.
Authors: Merabishvili Vakhtang M. , Shakhzadova Anna O. , Perelygin Vladimir V.
Published: January 2024

In accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) standard, the elderly population is defined as individuals aged 75 to 89, while long-livers are those aged 90 and older. According to the United Nations, long-livers are individuals who have reached 100 years of age. In the preceding four messages, we explored the specific detailed localization structure of morbidity, mortality, and survival in pediatric, adolescent, young adult, middle-aged, and elderly populations. However, the analysis of these characteristics for individuals in the elderly and long-liver categories is conducted for the first time. Old age is the period of human life characterized by the loss of the body's ability to sustain the species, deterioration of mental capacities, and decline in bodily functions. It represents an age range for individuals nearing the expected life span. Gerontologists are concerned with medical research into the aging process, while diseases affecting the elderly and old age fall under the purview of geriatrics. The discipline of gerontology deals with the technologies for supporting an aging society. The elderly and older adult populations are more susceptible to diseases and injuries. They face economic challenges related to retirement, loneliness, and ageism – age-based discrimination. The WHO's definition of "elderly" encompasses three five-year age groups, including long-livers: - 75-79 years – early old age - 80-84 years – advanced old age - 85-89 years – late old age - 90 years and older – long-livers. We will attempt to examine the specific localization characteristics and the potential effectiveness of specialized oncological care for each of these age groups. Emphasis will also be placed on the quality of primary patient registration whenever possible.
Eddy current array developments for remote deployment on the ITER project
Authors: Wasif R , Pinson I , Majidnia S
Published: January 2024

The inspection of welds and components for nuclear applications can be more challenging due to extreme levels of radiation and temperature. A development project in collaboration with the UK Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) is being conducted to develop non-destructive testing (NDT)
procedures for inspecting the remotely welded joints within the ITER facility. Initially, a feasibility study has been carried out to identify the most suitable non-destructive technique. Eddy current array (ECA), phased array ultrasonics and guided wave electromagnetic acoustic transducers
(EMATs) were considered as candidate solutions and, following the feasibility study, ECA was selected to be taken forward for further development. Subsequently, dedicated high- and low-frequency array probes have been developed and tested to detect and size surface and buried defects employing
encoder and calibration curves. The research has been extended to characterise defects such as tungsten inclusions using the phase angle. To avoid damage to the electronics in extreme environments, the ECA probe coils were separated from the excitation and data acquisition unit with 60 m coaxial
coils to achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio. The results revealed that the ECA technique can successfully be deployed remotely for the detection and sizing of defects down to 3 mm in extreme environments.
Machine Learning Aids Rapid Assessment of Aftershocks: Application to the 2022–2023 Peace River Earthquake Sequence, Alberta, Canada
Authors: Li Jinji , Rojas-Parra Jesús , Salvage Rebecca O. , Eaton David W. , Innanen Kristopher A. , Gu Yu Jeffrey , Sun Wenhan
Published: January 2024

The adoption of machine learning (ML) models has ignited a paradigm shift in seismic analysis, fostering enhanced efficiency in capturing patterns of seismic activity with reduced need for time-consuming user interaction. Here, we investigate automated event detection and extraction of seismic phases using two widely used ML models: EQTransformer and PhaseNet. We applied both the models to four weeks of continuous recordings of aftershocks using a temporary array following the 30 November 2022, ML 5.6 earthquake near Peace River, Alberta, Canada. Both the tools identified >1000 events over the recording period. The aftershocks are located in close proximity to the ML 5.6 mainshock as well as to wastewater disposal operations that were ongoing at the time. Both the methods reveal an aftershock distribution that was not identified by the regional network; however, we find that events detected by PhaseNet have smaller event location errors and better depict subtle fault structures at depth, despite identifying ∼200 events less than EQTransformer. Our results highlight the advantages of using ML models for rapid detection and assessment of seismicity following felt events, which is important for rapidly assessing seismic hazard potential and risk.
Advancing Health Equity
Authors:   , Branch Sarah Elizabeth , Yau Pamela , Zitcer Andrew
Published: January 2024

Health disparities in the United States are a direct reflection of the systemic and structural inequalities that disproportionately affect communities of color. To address individual and community health and wellbeing, artists and arts organizations are developing programming, allocating resources, and investing in community-based work. Framed within a review of literature on the determining factors of "holistic health" and health equity, this qualitative study examines artmaking as a tool for advancing health equity. Arts and culture organizations Mural Arts Philadelphia, Theatre of the Oppressed NYC, and the Writers Room utilize creative placemaking, theatre, literary and visual arts as artistic "intervention" methods to address community health and wellbeing in four distinct projects: The Black Paradise Project, I Live Here Too, Love Lot, and the Second Story Collective. Through interviews with artists, arts administrators, and community participants, this case study analysis examines each project's process, intent, and impact. Arts practitioners interested in community-based participatory arts must prioritize relationship-building, reflect on their "insider" / "outsider" status, and embrace adaptive or emergent creative processes. By doing so, the advancement of health equity can be further supported by the field of arts and culture, strengthened by participants and arts organizations' mutual investment in community health and wellbeing
Understanding role of OGT/O-GlcNAcylation in regulating breast cancer stem cell function
Authors:   , Le Minh Giang , Reginato Mauricio J
Published: January 2024

Breast cancer is a major health challenge for women. Patient outcomes are worsened by the heterogenous nature these tumors. Intratumor heterogeneity is driven by a subset of cancer cells termed cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are capable of self-renewing and driving tumor growth, and drug-resistance. The protein modification O-GlcNAcylation and its enzyme OGT function to connect nutrient status to cellular signaling. OGT/O-GlcNAc are highly expressed in breast cancer and required to promote CSCs function in breast cancer. However, the mechanism of OGT/O-GlcNAc in regulating CSCs remains unclear. Here, we identified two novel mechanisms by which OGT/O-GlcNAc can regulate CSCs properties in breast cancer. We show that OGT can form a mutual-positive-feedback loop with KLF8 to regulate CSCs function in breast cancer via regulating expression of CSCs co-factors. Importantly, KLF8 also promotes paclitaxel-resistance of breast cancer cells. Secondly, we discovered that OGT/O-GlcNAc regulates GATAD2B, a key component of the NuRD complex. GATAD2B is highly expressed in breast cancer and is associated with poor survival. GATAD2B is critical to maintain and promote CSCs-phenotypes in breast cancer cells via regulating expression of CSCs-co-factors. GATAD2B also promotes paclitaxel-resistance of breast cancer cells. We also showed that GATAD2B is O-GlcNAcylated, which protects GATAD2B from proteasomal degradation mediated by the E3-ligase ITCH. ITCH inhibition increased GATAD2B level and CSCs function. Importantly, GATAD2B O-GlcNAcylation is critical for CSCs-phenotype and paclitaxel-resistance. Together, we identified KLF8 and GATAD2B as targets of OGT/O-GlcNAc in regulating CSCs-phenotypes and chemoresistance, which may serve as biomarkers, and targets for improving breast cancer treatments.
The view of offensive realism and liberalism on U.S. foreign policy
Authors: Borovsky Yu.V.
Published: January 2024

Since the end of the Cold War, the United States of America has pursued an offensive foreign policy. In the realities of the 2010s and 2020s, marked by mounting resistance to American global dominance, primarily from Russia and China, there are prerequisites for the adjustment of the U.S. foreign policy strategy. The aim of the article is to identify the underlying causes of offensiveness in U.S. foreign policy of the post–bipolar period based on theoretical constructs of offensive realism and liberalism. Research has shown that offensive realism and offensive liberalism can help understand the offensive nature of U.S. foreign policy after 1991 in their own way and make appropriate projections for the future. Based on the tenets of offensive realism, it can be assumed that the collapse of the Soviet Union and communism have created an enabling environment for maximizing the power of the United States, which Washington could not but leverage. Witnessing the dwindling U.S. power potential, as well as the strengthening of China and Russia in the 2010s – 2020s, Washington has not stopped acting in the logic of offensive realism, but under the Trump and Biden administrations it has definitely began to move towards defensive realism. As the rivals to the US continue to strengthen their capacities, this trend can only intensify. Following the tenets of offensive liberalism, it is possible to assume that after the Cold War, the power of the United States has turned out to be so great in comparison with other great and major powers that Washington has begun to offensively build an American liberal hegemony, letting power rivalry falls by the wayside. However, due to the weakening of the U.S. power potential, as well as the simultaneous rise of China and Russia, it has been forced to begin a transition to a strategy based on offensive and defensive realism under the Trump and Biden administrations. If its rivals continue to rise, the U.S. may turn away from offense altogether.
Political and ecological aspects of the food miles concept
Authors: Malov A.V.
Published: January 2024

The corpus of political science problems related to the development, security, and sovereignty of the state, which stimulates the increased interest of both government structures and representatives of the scientific community, also includes a new concept of ‘food miles.’ The deconstruction method and comparative analysis applied by the author showed that the semantic foundation of the terminological unit under consideration is based on the neorealist paradigm of international relations. The author seeks not only to highlight the epistemological gaps of the concept, but also to convert them into competitive advantages, thus contributing to the discourse related to the construction of ‘improved food miles.’ In the empirical part of the research, the author chose the agricultural policy of the Moscow region as an example, in particular, fixing the low food self-sufficiency of the region, compensated both by the intra-national commodity movement and the import of basic foodstuffs. For the first time, the dependence on the intensive import of foreign food products into the subject of the Russian Federation was compared with the degree of environmental damage identified using mathematical methods. The author concludes that the concept of ‘food miles,’ having replenished the categorical and conceptual apparatus of political science and the theory of international relations, can be used as a mechanism of ‘green protectionism,’ activating the protection of national interests and stimulating the diversification of domestic agroecological production. As a recommendation to state bodies, the author offers a plan of amendments to legislative acts, as well as a graphic project of ecological labeling of food products.
Dynamics of political electoral preferences among residents of closed cities in Russia (1995-2003)
Authors: Tarasenko G.K.
Published: January 2024

This study explores the political aspect of closed cities, which is understudied compared to their managerial and economic aspects. The author examines the association between the status of a closed city and political preferences in 1990s. The study suggests that closed cities were strongholds of both liberal and anti-communist voting. It also hypothesizes that the differences in political preferences between closed cities and the rest of Russia diminish over time. The author collects electoral data from 1995 to 2003 and employs regression analysis, finding support for these hypotheses. However, the effect of voting for the “party in power” varies depending on the specific party project. This research contributes to understanding the political uniqueness of closed cities, considering their regional characteristics and social capital.
Belt and Road Initiative and the African continental free trade area
Authors: Zabella A.A.
Published: January 2024

In 2023, exactly 10 years have passed since the proclamation by Chinese President Xi Jinping of the One Belt, One Road Initiative (OBOR), which has become the flagship direction of China’s foreign policy. OBOR is a combination of two mega-projects – the Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (MSR). A special role in promoting cooperation between China and African countries is played by the MSR, which passes through the states of East Africa – Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Madagascar and South Africa. The book “One Belt One Road Initiative and the Construction of the African Continental Free Trade Area” is devoted to the development trends of cooperation between China and African countries within the BRI, as well as assistance from the PRC in the construction of the African Continental Free Trade Area. Yang Baorong and Ma Hanzhi form the core of the team of authors. The book includes several chapters, the third of which is devoted to tying infrastructure under the BRI and helping to build the African Continental Free Trade Area, and the fourth is devoted to political proposals that deserve special attention. Although some conclusions made by the authors are questionable, the book is a major achievement, on the one hand because of its a qualitative analysis of the formation, development and emerging difficulties of economic integration in Africa, and on the other hand, because it reveals the position of China and the Chinese scientific community on promoting dialogue with the countries of the continent within the BRI and promoting free trade between the PRC and African countries. The red thread in the work traces the idea of the importance of the One Belt – One Road initiative for the successful construction of the African Continental Free Trade Area, as well as for the successful implementation of the 2063 Agenda.
Percepção e observação do ambiente: investigação do legado olímpico
Authors: Buller Bertuzzi Felipe , Tibério Cardoso Grace
Published: January 2024

Introdução: Para muitos gestores urbanos, a inserção de Grandes Projetos Urbanos - PMUs - aliados a estratégias de planejamento tende a fortalecer o desenvolvimento local das cidades. No caso dos Jogos Olímpicos de 2016 no Rio de Janeiro, planos estratégicos foram implementados na cidade para promover mudanças nos setores de mobilidade, segurança e habitação. A cidade passou a ser analisada sob diferentes pontos de vista: como um local promissor para a promoção de diretrizes urbanas efetivas e como forma de evidenciar a distinção social baseada na segregação socioespacial. Objetivo: Analisar se as transformações das áreas urbanas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro contribuíram para melhorar a mobilidade, a segurança e a habitação, ou para intensificar a segregação socioespacial. Metodologia: Entrevistas semi-estruturadas com técnicos e moradores próximos à intervenção no Parque Olímpico do Rio de Janeiro (Brasil). Conclusões: Há necessidade de promover a inclusão participativa e efetiva da população nas decisões estruturais da cidade.
TARİHİ ÇEVREDE DÖNÜŞÜM KONULU LİSANSÜSTÜ TEZLERİN BİBLİYOMETRİK ANALİZİ
Authors: Halaç Hicran Hanım , Kelkit Dilara Merve
Published: January 2024

Bu çalışmada ‘dönüşüm’ teriminin ülkemizde ele alınış biçiminin irdelenmesi adına lisansüstü tezlerin bibliyometrik analizinin yapılması hedeflenmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında Yükseköğretim Kurulu (YÖK) Ulusal Tez Merkezi veri tabanı üzerinden içerisinde ‘dönüşüm’, ‘kentsel sit’, ‘tarihi çevre’, ‘tarihi doku’ ve ‘tescil’ anahtar kelimeleri geçen lisansüstü tezler taranarak bibliyometrik analiz yapılmıştır. İkili ve üçlü kombinasyonlarla çakışan tezlerin ayrıştırılması sonucunda araştırmanın örneklem sayısı 214 tez olarak belirlenmiştir. Bibliyometrik analiz yapılırken anahtar kelimelerin geçtiği tezler tez türü, yayınlandığı yıl, yayınlandığı üniversite, yayınlandığı enstitü, yazıldığı dil, konu edindiği bilimsel alan, danışman unvanı, sayfa sayısı, erişilebilirlik durumu ve araştırma türüne göre incelenmiştir. Bu analizlerden sonra tarihi çevrede dönüşüm konusunun işlenmediği tespit edilen 32 tez inceleme alanından çıkartılarak 182 tezin araştırma türlerine göre analizi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular sonucunda bu alanda araştırma türü olarak en çok örnek analizi kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Örnek analizi yapılırken lisansüstü tezlerde örneklem alanı olarak kentsel, bölgesel, sokak ve yapı grupları altında il, ilçe, köy, semt, mahalle, sokak, bölge, yapı, antik kent, sit alanı ve ada seçilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın tarihi çevrede tasarım ve restorasyon alanında çalışan kamu ve özel sektör paydaşlarına fayda sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
BİZANS RESİM SANATINDA HALE VE HALE İÇİNDEKİ RENKLERİN SEMBOLİZMİ
Authors: Soykan A. Nazlı , Açıkgöz Şenol
Published: January 2024

Bizans resim sanatında özellikle kutsal figürlerin başını çevreleyen dairesel veya kare formlu olarak karşımıza çıkan hale, tarihsel süreç içerisinde birçok uygarlık tarafından da kullanılmış bir motiftir. Antik dönemlerden bu yana güneş ile ilişkilendirilmiş tanrı figürlerinde görülen hale motifi, bu dönemlerde form olarak da güneşe benzer şekilde tasvir edilmiştir. Resim sanatlarının en ayrılmaz parçası olan renklerin farklı kültürlerde farklı anlamları olmuştur. Renklerin, Bizans resim sanatında da belli anlamları vardır. Bizans resim sanatında halenin içerisinde tek bir renkten ziyade farklı renklerin kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Tasvir sanatında genellikle işlenen dinsel sahnelerdeki konulara göre hale içerisindeki renkler değişkenlik göstermiştir. Resmin ikonografisi ile hale motifi içindeki rengin birbirini desteklediği ve bu sayede güçlü bir anlam ortaya çıktığı görülmektedir. Çalışmada öncelikle halenin kökenine değinilmiştir. Sonrasında renklerin hangi duyguları sembolize ettiği incelenmiş ve Bizans resim sanatında hale motifi içinde kullanılan renkler tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmanın amacı hale içindeki renklerin sembolize ettiği duygularla, sahnelerde anlatılan ikonografinin uyumlu olup olmadığının sorgulanmasıdır.
ÇAĞDAŞ SANAT/TASARIMDA FORM
Authors: Karaçalı Berna
Published: January 2024

Sanat/tasarım nesnesinin sunduğu bütünlüğün dilini çözümlemeye giriştiğimizde karmaşık bağıntılarla karşılaşırız. Bu karmaşık bağıntıları düzenleyip işleyen görsel dile özgü kurallar sanat/tasarım düşüncesini maddi olana, sanat/tasarım nesnesine dönüştürür. Form, bu bağlamda sanat/tasarım düşüncesinin temel gösterenlerinden biridir. En yalın anlatımıyla sınır çizerek yüzeyi ya da hacmi tanımlı kılarken; düşüncenin, fikrin ya da anlamın inşası söz konusu edildiğinde sanat/tasarıma dair görsel dilin katmanlarında bu genellemeye indirgenemeyecek kadar derinlikli bir olgudur. Bir anlamda; sanatın uzlaşmaya yanaşmayan, tasarımın uzlaşma taraftarı perspektifinin sınırlarını belirleyen boyutlar ve disiplinler arası bir olgudur. Mimariden modaya, sinemadan resme, grafikten animasyona, heykelden endüstriyel tasarıma, seramikten geleneksel sanatlara sanat/tasarımın kapsadığı tüm alanların ortak paydasında anlamın gösterenlerinden biri olarak konumlanır. Form olgusunu merkeze alarak anlamaya çalışan bu araştırma çağdaş sanat/tasarım odağında Form’un derinlikli katmanlarında gezinerek düşüncenin taşıyıcısı ya da göstereni olarak Form’a odaklanır. Çağdaş sanat/tasarım alanında Form bağlamında öne çıkan seçilmiş yapıtlar üzerinden Form’u okumayı önerir. Form'un söylediklerini seslendirerek Form bilincine varmayı dener. Form’un çağdaş sanat/tasarım alanında gözlemlenen baskın vurgusu ve bunu anlamlandırma çabası araştırmanın gündeme taşınmasının temel nedeni olurken sanat/tasarımın geleceğinde de bu vurgunun farklı biçimlerde ve yeni önerilerle varlığını koruyacağı açıktır.
YENİ ARAŞTIRMALAR IŞIĞINDA ELAZIĞ ARKEOLOJİSİ VE ESKİ ÇAĞ TARİHİ
Authors: Özdemir Abdulkadir , Can Sibel
Published: January 2024

Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nin batısında yer alan Elazığ, bulunduğu jeopolitik konumu itibariyle tarihöncesi dönemlerden günümüze kadar doğu ile batı arasında bir köprü görevi görmüştür. Murat Nehri ile Karasu Nehri’nin Elazığ’da birleşerek Fırat Nehrini oluşturduğu bölge, tarihöncesi dönemden günümüze kadar tarımsal ve yaşamsal faaliyetlere elverişli düzlüklere ve bereketli ovalara sahip olarak birçok kültüre ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Özellikle Erken Tunç Çağı ile birlikte ovalarda yerleşim sayısında bir artış görülür. Demir Çağı’ndan itibaren ise yüksek tepelere kurulan kaleler ve kuleler ile, hem yol güzergahlarını hem de bereketli ovaları kontrol altına almaya çalışıldığı için bir artış söz konusudur. Doğu-batı güzergahı üzerinde yer alan şehir, stratejik konumundan dolayı tarih boyunca önemli medeniyetlerin hakimiyeti altına girmiştir. 1968 -1974 yılları arasında Elazığ’da ilk sistemli arkeolojik kazı ve yüzey araştırmaları Keban Barajı Projesi ile birlikte yapılmıştır. En iyi araştırılan bir bölge olan Elazığ, son yıllarda yapılan yüzey araştırmalarından elde edilen bilgiler ile de tarihöncesi çalışmalarına katkı sağladığı görülmektedir. Bu bakımdan bu çalışma ile geçmişten gelen birikim ve yeni tespit edilen alanların harmanlanmasıyla Elazığ’ın arkeolojisine ve Eski Çağ tarihine yeni katkılar sağlanması hedeflenmektedir.
Buffalo Reading List
Authors: Stevens Madison , Lunstrum Elizabeth , Faselt Jamie , Brock Brent L. , Kunkel Kyran E. , Rayapati Jake , Andersen Chamois , Martin Jeff , Kennedy Jordan , Hisey Forrest , Olive Andrea , Williamson Matt
Published: January 2024

Welcome to this reading list on buffalo, also known as bison. The list gathers together literature focused on buffalo to support
ongoing efforts to restore this iconic species to its keystone cultural and ecological role. Once the thundering heartbeat of Turtle
Island or the North American continent, buffalo were nearly exterminated by the end of the 19th century in the course of westward colonial
expansion and settlement. Today, across the continent, Indigenous Nations are at the forefront of initiatives to bring buffalo back to their
homelands. Conservation practitioners, researchers, parks and government officials, and bison ranchers join Tribal communities to play key
roles in advancing a place for buffalo.
OCTA characteristics in non-arteritic central retinal artery occlusion and correlation with visual acuity
Authors:   Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China, Gong Hong-Xia , Xie Shi-Yong ,   Eye Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin 300020, China, Zhang Wei ,   Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China, Chen Song ,   Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300020, China
Published: January 2024

AIM: To observe the retinal and choroidal circulations in patients with non-arteritic permanent central retinal artery occlusion (NA-CRAO) via optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and analyze their correlation with visual acuity.
METHODS: Sixty-two eyes with clinically confirmed acute NA-CRAO were included in the study and divided into: A type (mild n=29), B type (moderate n=27) and C type (severe n=6) based on the degree of visual loss, retinal edema, and arterial blood flow delay in fundus fluorescence angiography (FFA). Contralateral healthy eyes were used as the control group. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit lamp microscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, fundus color photography, OCTA, and FFA were performed. Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to determine the correlations between retinal and choroidal vessels and visual acuity.
RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in age, gender, and intraocular pressure among the three types and the control group (P>0.05). Vessel density in deep capillary plexus (VD-DCP) significantly decreased (P<0.05) in all three types of NA-CRAO patients compared to the control group. Vessel density in superficial vascular plexus (VD-SVP) significantly decreased (P<0.05) in type A patients and choriocapillaris flow area significantly decreased (P<0.05) in type B and type C patients compared to the control group; while outer retinal flow areas significantly increased in the type A (P<0.05) and decreased in type C patients (P<0.05). The retinal thickness significantly increased in type C group (P<0.05). The VD-SVP at fovea in the type A was significantly lower than both of type B and C. The VD-SVP at nasal parafovea in type A and B was significantly lower than type C (P<0.05). The logMAR BCVA of type A was significantly better than that of type B and C groups (P<0.05). Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that the logMAR BCVA was positively correlated with VD-SVP at fovea (r=0.679, P=0.031) and nasal parafovea (r=0.826, P=0.013).
CONCLUSION: OCTA is valuable for assessing retinal ischemia, and evaluating visual impairment. Deep retinal vasculature is commonly affected in all NA-CRAO types. VD-SVPs at fovea and nasal parafovea can serve as reliable markers of visual impairment in NA-CRAO.
Ophthalmic exam and ophthalmology residents’ subspecialty preference
Authors:   Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel, Leshno Ari , Prat Daphna Landau ,   Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
Published: January 2024

AIM: To evaluate residents’ perceptions and attitudes toward the various aspects of a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, and to determine if these factors correlate with their choices for fellowship and future career plans.
METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study. A questionnaire on the perception of the ophthalmic exam was sent via SurveyMonkey to ophthalmology residents throughout Israel. Eighty of them (one-half of all ophthalmology residents in 2019) completed it. The first part related to how they perceived each component of the ophthalmic evaluation. The second part related to their future fellowship plans. The Chi-squared test was used to compare categorical variables and Student’s t-test and One-way ANOVA were used to compare continuous variables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied as needed to detect interactions between variables and to exclude confounder effects.
RESULTS: Slit-lamp examination of the anterior and posterior segments ranked as the most likeable aspects, whereas gonioscopy, ocular motility examination and visual acuity assessment were least likeable. Anterior segment and retina subspecialties were the ones most sought after. Forty-nine respondents (61.3%) noted a direct correlation between their preferred parts of comprehensive ophthalmic evaluations and their choice of subspecialty. Perceptions of selected components of those evaluations were significantly associated with responders’ intentions to pursue anterior segment, retina, or oculoplastic fellowships (P<0.05).
CONCLUSION: Perspectives of residents toward the ophthalmic examination, and most specifically its individual components, play an important role in their choice of subspecialty training.
A violência contra o idoso no contexto pandêmico da covid-19 na perspectiva da Bioética
Authors: Camacho Alessandra Conceição Leite Funchal
Published: January 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a violência contra o idoso no contexto pandêmico da COVID-19 na perspectiva da Bioética. Trata-se de um artigo de reflexão com abordagem qualitativa do tipo descritiva sobre a questão da violência contra o idoso no contexto pandêmico da COVID-19,sob a ótica da Bioética, direcionado para o princípio ético da autonomia. O artigo está fundamentado em uma narrativa que discute os seguintes aspectos relevantes: o movimento de conscientização em relação aos idosos, a importância da Educação em Saúde sobre os idosos nas mídias sociais e a Bioética e o respeito pela autonomia dos idosos. A promoção de estratégias que mitiguem os danos sofridos pelas pessoas idosas que sofrem de violência deve incluir uma análise de apoio à família e iniciativas que possibilitem o acesso às políticas públicas em suas diversas instâncias. A sociedade e o governo devem criar condições para rastrear os agressores e as vítimas, além de fornecer ajuda aos idosos que tenham sido vítimas de violência. Também é importante pensar em instituições que possam receber esse idoso vítima de agressão. Recomenda-se a realização de estudos sobre a importância da Bioética intervencionista, visando à proteção dos direitos dos idosos através de políticas públicas de acessibilidade à saúde e a promoção da qualidade de vida.
Un recorrido analítico de los fundamentos filosóficos del principialismo norteamericano
Authors: Rivera Sanín María Lucía
Published: January 2024

El artículo presenta un recorrido histórico y conceptual por los fundamentos del principialismo bioético en su versión más difundida, a saber, la planteada por T. L. Beauchamp y J. Childress como una propuesta deontológica, analizando filosóficamente la manera en que se concibe qué es un principio y las consecuencias epistemológicas, antropológicas y sociales de adoptar dicha concepción. Se presentan, en primer lugar, los antecedentes históricos y culturales conducentes a la formulación del principialismo norteamericano, a partir de la Declaración de Helsinki y el Reporte Belmont. En segundo lugar, se analizan los elementos antropológicos, epistemológicos y filosóficos sobre la base de los principios de ética biomédica. Posteriormente, se analizan los elementos metodológicos y las apuestas de aplicación de la teoría principialista.
Percepción y construcción respecto al sentido del principio de beneficencia. Vivencias de pacientes en una clínica odontológica universitaria
Authors: Bernal Santana Lizethe Vanessa , Sánchez Alfaro Luis Alberto
Published: January 2024

Resumen: Objetivo: comprender la percepción del principio de beneficencia construida por pacientes de una clínica integral del adulto, de la Facultad de Odontología en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Metodología: investigación cualitativa; se utilizaron tres herramientas de recolección de datos: la observación participante, el diario de campo y diez entrevistas semiestructuradas, grabadas y transcritas. Se realizó un análisis de contenido a la información obtenida. Resultados: se establecieron cinco categorías sobre las cuales gira la percepción y construcción del sentido común respecto al principio bioético de beneficencia en los participantes: vivencia durante la atención, valoración de la calidad del tratamiento, necesidades en salud oral, comunicación y balanza riesgos/ beneficios, y beneficios obtenidos. Conclusiones: la percepción y construcción del sentido común respecto al principio bioético de beneficencia, según los participantes, más allá de beneficios técnicos y terapéuticos, está mediada por la experiencia objetiva del proceso de atención y se valora mediante la resolución de sus necesidades y de los beneficios obtenidos en términos terapéuticos, de estética y autocuidado, así como económicos, de accesibilidad, profesionalismo e intersubjetividad, en la triada docente estudiante-paciente, por la consolidación de la confianza.