bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O teatro político indiano no século XIX
Authors: Pestana Gomes Ana Beatriz
Published: May 2022

O teatro político desenvolvido ao longo do século XIX na Índia foi de suma importância para a articulação e fortalecimento de movimentos de luta em prol de direitos para diferentes setores sociais oprimidos. Este artigo analisará a atmosfera sociocultural e política na qual o teatro político indiano se fortaleceu no século XIX através da criação de peças em resposta aos projetos civilizatórios ingleses, às políticas impositivas, às práticas de censura e a outras formas de opressão. A metodologia utilizada neste artigo foi a análise crítica de fontes primárias, como peças teatrais, o ato de censura e outros documentos, e de pesquisas acadêmicas sobre a temática em questão. A fundamentação teórica do artigo foi baseada em fontes e pesquisas sobre a história do teatro político indiano trabalhadas ao longo do doutorado que realizei entre 2016 e 2020 junto ao Programa de Pós-graduação em História da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), ao Programa de Estudos Indianos da UERJ e à Jawaharlal Nehru University, onde realizei o doutorado sanduíche-CAPES na Índia entre 2018 e 2019. Os resultados das investigações realizadas neste artigo proporcionaram reflexões que contribuíram para a compreensão de como a politização das criações teatrais indianas no século XIX estava alinhada com o fortalecimento de movimentos sociais que se estruturaram no século XIX e que se intensificaram no século XX no contexto das lutas pela independência da Índia.
O jesuíta e o samurai
Authors: Leão Jorge
Published: May 2022

O artigo tem por objetivo analisar do ponto de vista histórico a relação pessoal entre Francisco Xavier e Paulo de Santa Fé nos primeiros anos da missão japonesa, como forma de pensar a estratégia jesuítica de construir no Japão um modelo de evangelização baseado nos diferentes usos dos japoneses como catequistas, tradutores e intérpretes. A análise histórica compreende os anos de 1548 e 1552, quando o missionário e o japonês estiveram juntos na Índia, no Sudeste Asiático e no Japão. As fontes utilizadas no artigo foram redigidas e impressas pelos missionários que estiveram no Japão, no século 16.
Risk factors and symptoms of ovarian cancer: Is the GPaware?
Authors:   Department of OBGY, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India, Dabhadkar Suchita , Parasnis , Harshad ,   Department of OBGY, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India, Taralekar Vaishali ,   Department of OBGY, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Epithelial ovarian cancers are the leading cause of death amongst all gynecological cancers. Mostly ovarian cancer remains asymptomatic till it becomes huge in size. Catching it early is challenging as no screening test is available. Goff symptom index (GSI) is a symptom-based tool available for primary health care settings for early detection of ovarian cancer. This study was carried out to assess knowledge, perception and understanding of general practitioners practicing in and around Pune about symptoms and risk factors of ovarian cancer. Material and Methods: Cross sectional study using online Google forms. The Google form was created based on a prevalidated Oxford University OvCAM tool. It included the Goff Symptoms index-based questions. Questions were open, as well as, closed ended type. We received 150 responses. Results: Respondent practitioners were able to identify three common symptoms as abdominal distention, pain, and menstrual irregularity. Family history of ovarian and breast cancer as a risk factor was missed by 49% and 70% responded abdominal ultrasound as first investigation. Clinical pelvic examination was not quoted by any of the participants. Majority of them were aware that Pap smear has no role for screening ovarian cancer. Conclusion: The general practitioners around Pune are aware about persistent pain and abdominal swelling as possible symptoms of ovarian cancer. Continuous medical education regarding risk factors of ovarian cancer, exposure to tools like Goff symptom index will be helpful in developing awareness other nonspecific symptoms and timely referral of patients for further evaluation.
Analisis Perilaku Religiusitas Masyarakat Jabotabek di Era Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Junaedi Dedi , Salistia Faisal , Romli Moh.
Published: May 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a multidimensional impact. This study aims to explore the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the people's economy. In particular, the academic community of IAI Nasional Laa Roiba Bogor. The research method used was descriptive-qualitative analysis method with a sample of the Laa Roiba Bogor National IAI academic community. The pandemic that lasted more than 15 months had a real impact on the economy of the people of Bogor Regency. Before the pandemic, there were people who felt their income decreased. However, the majority (60%) still claim that their income is relatively stable. After the pandemic, the majority of people (75%) experienced a decline in income. The pandemic has caused most people to experience a decrease in their monthly income of between 5-20%. The pandemic has made people try to find additional income through culinary businesses, part-time work, odd jobs, and providing consulting services. The pandemic has also shifted people's shopping patterns from traditional markets to online markets. Ready-to-eat food and basic necessities are the target of online shopping for the Bogor community.

Keywords: Impact of the Covif-10 Pandemic, Community Income, Bogor Regency
Pengaruh Penggunaan Gadget terhasap Akhlak Peserta Didik Kelas V MIs Hidayatusshibyan
Authors: Rahman Yulia , Edy Edy
Published: May 2022

Gadget users in this modern era are not only parents and teenagers, most elementary school children can already operate gadgets as entertainment media that make them addicted so that the consequences of addiction can change children's morals to be bad. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using gadgets on the morals of the fifth grade students of MIS Hidayatusshibyan.This type of research is quantitative research. The results showed that there was a negative influence on the use of gadgets on the morals of fifth grade students at MIS Hidayatusshibyan. This is evidenced by the results of the tabulation of the calculation of the questionnaire which is included in the fairly strong category. This correlation value can be seen from the results of the interpretation of the rxy value of 0.535 which is located between 0.40 to 0.599 with a fairly strong correlation interpretation, the "r" count is greater than the "r" table both at the 5% significance level of 0.413 and the significant level 1 % of 0.526. The morals of students are influenced by gadgets by 29% while 71% are influenced by other factors outside the variables in the research used.

Keywords : Gadgets, Morals, Students
Pengaruh Kajian Kitab Safinatun Najah terhadap Peningkatan Ibadah Shalat Peserta Didik: Studi di Kelas Ibtida’ Pondok Pesantren Assalafiah Al-Karimah
Authors: Abidin Zainal , Pikri Padillah Alek Maulana
Published: May 2022

The background of the problem from this research is the study of the Safinatun Najah book which can affect the improvement of students' prayers. The problem in this study is formulated as follows: how is the influence of the study of the book of Safinatun Najah on increasing students' prayer services. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the study of the book of Safinatun Najah on the improvement of students' prayers. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative method, while the data collection techniques used are library research and field research in the form of observations, interviews, and questionnaires. The population in this study were 27 students of Ibtida 'Ponpes Assalafiah Al-Karimah. The sample used in this study is a saturated sampling technique, which is a sampling technique when all members of the population are used as samples. And the data analysis technique of this study is quantitative analysis, namely the analysis carried out by statistical analysis, namely descriptive statistics, and looking for percentages with the formula P = F/N X 100%. From the results of the research conducted, there is a positive correlation between the study of the book of Safinatun Najah towards the increase in students' prayer worship in the Ibtida' class of Ponpes Assalafiah Al-Karimah. This is indicated by the rxy value is 0.537, where the correlation index is included in the category quite strong and significant at a significant level of 5%, namely 0.396 and 1% 0.505, thus the proposed hypothesis is accepted, namely there is a positive correlation between the X variable and the Y variable.

Keywords: Study of the Safinatun Najah Book and Improvement of Prayers
Spor Gazeteciliğinde Uzmanlaşmaya Yönelik Yayın Politikası: Örnek Model L’Equipe
Authors: ÇETİN Cem
Published: May 2022

Batı Avrupa, modern sporun olduğu kadar spor gazeteciliğinin doğuşuna
da katkıda bulunmuştur. İlk aşamada haber ihtiyacının karşılanması üzere
farklı spor dallarında organizasyonlar başlatan spor gazeteleri, sonraki yıllarda
bu alanda düzenlenen her türlü etkinliği sayfalarına taşımıştır. Böylelikle, bu
organizasyonların geniş kitlelere ulaşarak popülerleşmesinde de önemli rol
oynamıştır. Gündeme uygun olarak her türden spor dalına yer verme çabası
içerisinde olan bu gazetelerde, özellikle belirli spor dallarının kendilerine ait
yazarları bulunmaktadır. Bu yaklaşım beraberinde uzmanlaşmayı getirmekte,
böylelikle bir spor dalına ait haberlerin zengin içerikle sporseverlere sunulması
sağlanmaktadır. Bu noktada, özellikle 75 yılı aşkın bir süredir yayın hayatını
sürdüren L’Equipe’in yayın politikası, gazetecilik ve spor alanında uzmanlaşma
konusunda önemli bir rol model oluşturması açısından önemlidir. Bu bağlamda bu
çalışmada, gazetecilikte uzmanlaşmanın spesifik olarak spor gazeteciliğine ve spor
dalları ile organizasyonlarına katkı sağlayıp sağlamadığı sorunsalından hareketle
L’Equipe örneklem olarak seçilmiş, gazetenin 1- 30 Kasım 2021 tarihleri arasında
yayınlanan sayıları betimsel içerik analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Gazetenin
yayın politikasının spor gazeteciliği alanında uzmanlaşmaya örnek bir model
olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Pengenalan Pola Rambu Lalu Lintas untuk Perancangan Smart Car Automation dengan Metode Kohonen
Authors: Azmi Zulfian , Pranata Ardianto , Prayudha Jaka , Phona Dara
Published: May 2022

Rambu lalu lintas memberikan arahan penggunaan jalan raya, gambar yang ditunjukan dapat menurunkan tingkat kecelakaan jalan raya.Gambar rambu lalu lintas yang kurang jelas karena sudah using berisiko menimbulkan kecelakaan. Sehingga dibutuhkan sebuah pengetahuan yang dapat memberikan penjelasan gambar/pola rambu lalu lintas yang sudah kurang baik. Untuk pengembangan pada dunia transportasi khsusunya merancang sebuah smart car atau mobil pintar yang dapat melakukan pengendalian secara otomatis dengan kecerdasan yang dimiliki. Untuk dapat mengimplementasikan langsung pada sebuah kendaraan diperlukan riset yang berkembang berikutnya. Dalam riset ini implementasi kasus dan metode menerapkan perangkat mobile untuk mengetahui kemampuan kecerdasan sistem dalam mengenali pola rambu lalu lintas.  Aplikasi ini berbasis mobile dengan sistem operasi android dengan menfaatkan jaringan syaraf tiruan menggunakan metode kohonen dengan metode yang diimplementasikan didalam aplikasi pengenalan rambu lalu lintas agar dapat mempermudah masyarakat dalam pengenalan rambu lalu lintas. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah aplikasi yang dapat mempermudah masyarakat dalam pengenalan rambu lalu lintas serta mempermudah bagi user untuk menggunakan aplikasi berbasis android tersebut. Untuk hasil implementasi pada sebuah kendaraan diperlukan testing hingga hasil kecerdasan minimal di 90%.
Sobrevivendo no Sertão da Bahia do Século XIX: Uma Investigação de Usabilidade e Acessibilidade do Jogo Árida
Authors: Galvão Ludmilla F. O. , Cardoso João Victor da Silva , da Silva Lucineide R. , C. Júnior Vicente A. da , Garcia Laura S.
Published: May 2022

Este trabalho investigou problemas de usabilidade e de acessibilidade em relação ao jogo digital de sobrevivência e aventura ambientado no sertão nordestino do século XIX chamado Árida: O despertar do Sertão. Para isso, utilizamos 4 técnicas: as Diretrizes de Acessibilidade em Jogos (GAG); as Heurísticas de Usabilidade em Jogos (PLAY); os operadores de leitura da narrativa; a análises quantitativa dos problemas identificados pelos jogadores da Steam. Ao todo 38 problemas foram encontrados, 25 de usabilidade e 18 de acessibilidade. Estes problemas foram apresentados à equipe de desenvolvedores do jogo em uma reunião. Por meio da nossa avaliação concluímos que Árida é um jogo com um grande potencial educativo e de valorização cultural. Entretanto, alguns problemas como a falta de configuração de controles e a repetição do padrão das missões podem comprometer a experiência do jogador, sendo sugerido a personalização de controles e inserir missões variadas.
Orbis: Um toolkit para Apoio no Ensino e Prática de Técnicas do Design Centrado no Usuário
Authors: Mesquita Valeska , Darin Ticianne
Published: May 2022

A formação de profissionais de Interação Humano-Computador (IHC) e Design envolve a atuação em contextos de inovação, com uma diversidade de técnicas e ferramentas que promovam uma abordagem mais humana para o desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços. O presente trabalho visa dar suporte a essa formação por meio do Orbis, um toolkit composto por 15 cartões orientando a aplicação de técnicas centradas no usuário comumente utilizadas na Academia e na Indústria, nas etapas de planejamento, design e prototipação.
Maternal Exposure to D-galactose Reduces Ovarian Reserve in Female Rat Offspring Later in Life
Authors: Rostami Dovom Marzieh , Noroozzadeh Mahsa , Mosaffa Nariman , Piryaei Abbas , Zadeh-Vakili Azita , Aabdollahifar Mohammad-Amin , Rahmati Maryam , Farhadi-Azar Mahbanoo , Ramezani Tehrani Fahimeh
Published: May 2022

Background: Embryonic life is critical for the formation of ovaries in mammals, and the intrauterine environment may affect ovarian reserve. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the impact of prenatal D-galactose exposure on ovarian reserve in female rat offspring in their later lives. Methods: Ten pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups. In one group, rats were fed with 35% D-galactose-enriched food from the third day to the end of pregnancy, and in the other group, rats were fed with a standard diet throughout pregnancy. Female offspring (prenatally galactose-exposed rats and non-exposed control rats) were examined in terms of hormonal levels [anti-Mullerian hormones (AMH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and estradiol (E2)] and ovarian histology at 45 - 50, 105 - 110, and 180 - 185 days of their age. Results: The number of primordial follicles significantly decreased time-dependently in prenatally galactose-exposed rats compared to controls (P-value = 0.002). In addition, decreases in AMH (3.25 vs. 7.5 ng/mL; P = 0.000) and E2 (7.9 vs. 19.5 pg/mL; P = 0.000) and increases in FSH (6.5 vs. 0.8 mIU/mL; P < 0.007) were observed in galactose-exposed rats compared to controls at 45 - 50 days of age. Conclusions: Prenatal exposure to D-galactose negatively affects ovarian reserve in female rats in their later lives. However, further investigation is needed to confirm our findings and explore underlying mechanisms.
Prevalence of Burnout Syndrome in Medical Assistants Working in Hospitals Affiliated with Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Atabaki Peyman , Garkaz Omid , Paryab Sahar , Hamednia Safar , Mehmanfar Somayeh , Mehryar Hamid Reza
Published: May 2022

Background: Stress and strain are an inevitable part of a professional life and originate from work-related experiences. Since the residents are highly exposed to burnout aroused by physical, psychological, and emotional stress, this study aimed to investigate the frequency of burnout syndrome in medical assistants working in hospitals affiliated with the Urmia University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study examined all residents working in the hospital affiliated with the Urmia University of Medical Sciences using the census method. Two demographic and burnout questionnaires were distributed to collect the required information. Data were collected and imported to SPSS software version 20 and then analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: In this study, the results showed that out of 147 assistants in the study, 78 (53.1%) were male and 69 (46.9%) were female, and 104 (70.7%) were married. The mean score of the questions was 34.66 ± 13. The mean score of burnout was 51.53 ± 11.15 among the male residents and 53.61 ± 11.74 among the female residents. The burnout score was 51.82 ± 11.29 among the married assistants and 54.19 ± 11.77 among the single assistants. Moreover, There was no relationship between gender and burnout score (P = 0.275) and between marriage and burnout score (P = 0.26). Conclusions: In this study, the results indicate that most residents suffer from burnout symptoms; hence, appropriate measures and planning are required to detect and eliminate the causes of burnout.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Visual Thinking Strategy Between Persian Miniature and Classical Painting in Learning Medical Humanities from the Perspective of Medical Students
Authors: Abedi Faezeh , Charkhi Rahim , Fakhr Farzaneh , Vagharseyyedin Seyyed Abolfazl , Farrokhfall Khadijeh
Published: May 2022

Background: Visual thinking strategy (VTS) is an interdisciplinary education that focuses on art. In this method, all students think about complex artistic elements. VTS uses visual literacy to teach communication skills and thinking. Objectives: This study aims to compare the educational effectiveness of Persian pictures with classical painting, which leads to teaching the concepts of medical humanities using medical students’ perspective. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, medical students of clinical course (trainees and interns, 4th - 7th year of medicine) in the second semester of the 2021 academic year attended a VTS discussion session, which contained thinking about three paintings, including a classical western painting, a Safavid era miniature, and a contemporary painting. At the end of the session, an opinion poll on the effectiveness criteria was completed by the students separately for each painting, and the results were analyzed. Results: According to the findings, our intervention improved visual and auditory sensitivity, accuracy and attention, interaction and cooperation with others, teamwork, and an understanding of their share in the group. In addition, from the perspective of contemporary miniature students, this field played a prominent role in reducing job exhaustion, anxiety, and stress, and created a sense of calm and aesthetics in students by applying topics and issues of the day and paying attention to socio-cultural issues. Classical western painting conveyed a sense of calm and discomfort to the students. Based on the results of interpretive content analysis, this kind of painting had a profound effect on the meaning transmission so that it exposed the comprehensive views on the subject to the viewer’s sight. Given that the Safavid miniature contains various symbols that express the details of the social context and cultural traditions related to human beings, it conveys a variety of senses. On the other hand, the use of classical painting and contemporary Persian painting in VTS discussions in medical education was more prominent than the Safavid era miniature. Conclusions: Miniature can have helpful effects on improving medical professional skills similar to classical painting in VTS topics.
Functional Classification Spaces according to walking speed in self-sufficient Chilean older adults: A complement to the Periodic Physical Examination
Authors: Medina-González Paul
Published: May 2022

Introduction Walking speed is related to functionality in daily activities. Preventive Medicine Examination of the Chilean older adults is a vital prevention program for Chilean community- dwelling older adults. However, this evaluation does not include speed in its battery of tests. Objective To evaluate the functional classification spaces for threshold, reference, and categorization val-ues of self- selected and maximum walking speed applied to self- sufficient older adults. Methods Seventy- two self- sufficient older adults participated in this observational, exploratory, and cross- sectional study. Each participant was asked to walk naturally and then at full speed for three minutes. Through a dispersion graph between self- selected walking speed (axis "x") and maximum walking speed (axis "y"), functional classification spaces were constructed according to documented values for i) thresholds of basic functionality, ii) referential for the instrumental spectrum and iii) functional categorization for "household walker" (< 0.4 meters per second, m/s), "limited community ambulator" (0.40 to 0.80 m/s), "community ambulator" (0.81 to 1.3 m/s), and "cross street safely" (> 1.3 m/s). The relative frequency (%) of older adults who meet each established quadrant was determined. Results The threshold was reached by 100% of the participants (basic daily activities). About 80% of the older adults have a functional classification space below the reference limit (instrumental and advanced daily activities). It was also found that 81% of women and 69% of men are "efficient in the community", and 31% of men and 14% of women reach the minimum value for "effec-tive street crossing" (advanced daily activities). Conclusions The exploration of functional classification spaces according to self- selected walking speed and maximum walking speed applied to a group of self- sufficient older adults reveals that this pop-ulation is at risk of deteriorating instrumental and advanced activities of daily living.
Impact of COVID-19 outbreak in knee arthroplasty in Chile: a cross-sectional, national registry-based analysis
Authors: Barahona Maximiliano , Martínez Álvaro , Barahona Macarena , Ramírez Marcela , Barrientos Cristian , Infante Carlos
Published: May 2022

Introduction The need for beds and health personnel to treat coronavirus (COVID- 19) patients has led to the suspension of many elective sur-geries in Chile, including knee arthroplasties. This study aims to determine the incidence of knee arthroplasty in 2020, reflecting the effect of the COVID- 19 pandemic, and estimate the cost and time it would take to recover the waiting list prior to March 2020. Methods A cross- sectional study was designed. We analyzed databases from The Department of Statistics and Health Information databases from Chile for 2019 and 2020, identifying patients with surgical discharges associated with knee arthroplasty codes. We estimated the time it would take to recover the surgeries unperformed in 2020 by simulating a monthly workload increase from the 2019 baseline. The costs of knee arthroplasty paid by the National Health Fund to institutions were estimated by diagnosis-related groups. Results We found that the incidence rate of knee arthroplasty in 2020 decreased by 64% compared with 2019. The impact was higher in the public system (68%) and the National Health Found (63%). A simulated increase in knee arthroplasty productivity by 30% would allow recovering the postponed knee arthroplasty surgeries in 27 months, at a monthly cost to the public system of 318 million Chilean pesos (378 thousand US dollars). Conclusions The incidence rate of knee arthroplasty during 2020 decreased by 64%, revealing the extensive waiting line for people with knee osteoarthritis. An increase between 20- 40% in productivity compared with 2019 would allow recovering the unperformed surgeries in 20 to 41 months, at a monthly cost to the public network between 210 and 425 million Chilean pesos (250 to 506 thousand US dollars). 10.5867/medwave.2022.04.002511 https://www.medwave.cl/link.cgi/English/Reviews/Analysis/8732.act Reflections on death in the time of Covid-19 Donovan Casas Patiño The pandemic of COVID- 19 filled the world with sorrow as death was an ever- present menace everywhere. This document aims to rescue some reflective facts about death marked by a socio- historical context that revealed breaking points. These points work around three specific aspects: the agony of the dying, funeral and religious rituals, and the pilgrimage between doubt and guilt. Death in times of pandemic revealed the need to humanize and guarantee a dignified death. Likewise, the pandemic reinvented funeral rituals by globalizing them using technology and social networks. Finally, we saw that the pilgrimage preludes death and awakens the most negative feelings in the face of rejection and frustration.
Harambee approach: towards decolonising East African education through capturing social-cultural ethos
Authors: Corrado Evelyn Wandia
Published: May 2022

In Kenya, the cultural practices and experiences of both children and teachers are marginalised in the education system. The education system remains predominantly authoritarian with an underlying colonial framework. Often, in local and global spaces, there is an exclusion of the vital experiences and knowledge that East African students acquire from collaborative daily lives in their homes and communities. These crucial skills should be integrated into their classroom learning to decolonise education and liberate the engagement of East African students. This model of learning, which is based on the Harambee approach, is a proposal based on my ethnographic PhD study conducted in a rural community in Kenya. The study included interviews and a focus group with teachers, and observations of students. The proposed concept captures the need for all key stakeholders to participate actively in policymaking and practice review, to accommodate the needs of all students and their teachers. The Harambee approach includes the social-cultural experiences of children. Additionally, dialogic engagement would be an inclusive strategy to emancipate the autonomy of students.
Ordinary childhoods and everyday Islamic practices of protection and care in Zanzibar
Authors: Fay Franziska
Published: May 2022

In Zanzibar, religiously framed practices impact children�s socialisation. Many actions that frame Zanzibari children�s everyday lives�from birth rituals, to poetry recitation, to formal education�are closely tied to Islam. With ninety-nine percent of Zanzibaris identifying as Muslim, this sense of identity is fostered and transmitted from when a child is born. This article explores how conceptions of the �everyday� and the �ordinary� reflect in early socialisation practices that address Muslim Zanzibari children�s lives, centrally by drawing on knowledge published in three booklets on Islam and child rearing acquired in Zanzibar Town in 2014 and 2021. It thereby shows how religious practices co-construct childhoods and underlines the need to pay attention to less extraordinary aspects and meanings of how being young and pious in contemporary African settings are made.
Seen, heard and protected in their best interest: childhood construction within the worldview of the Fantse of Ghana
Authors: Wilson Alex J.
Published: May 2022

Children in Africa are generally construed to be marginalised due to their minimal involvement in family decision-making processes. This article, which provides a worldview of childhood construction among the Fantse of Ghana, draws on the PhD dissertation and other research studies by the author and uses the social constructivist theory by Vygotsky and Meyer Fortes� stages in the developmental cycle in domestic groups to explore children�s social standing. The expectation in the academy is that many of the worldviews in African societies should be waning. However, they prevail in some rural and urban communities in Ghana today. Significantly, the larger context of Fantse social systems promotes peer-learning and acculturation among children. Therefore, even though some children may be marginalised, the emphasis placed on children�s voices ensures their participation in decision-making in matters affecting them. This article recommends that Fantse social systems should be considered for ensuring compliance with child rights policies in Ghana.
Memory, innocence and nostalgia: other versions of African childhood in two African texts
Authors: Eninn Theresah Patrine
Published: May 2022

There are a number of memoirs/autobiographies and biographies by African writers on their childhoods in Africa. However, many of these texts tend to focus mostly on the child protagonist�s experiences of colonialism, slavery, war, death and deprivation. This article moves away from these narratives of deprivation and trauma, focusing on other versions of African childhoods where the child lives a carefree life devoid of danger and scarcity of resources. Using Camara Laye�s The Dark Child and Wole Soyinka�s Ak�: The Years of Childhood and doing a textual analysis of the content, themes and characters, this article argues that these texts can be read as recollections of nostalgia and memories of a carefree time in the life of two African children, a time that the narrators reminisce upon through the act of retelling in order to revisit the joys and innocence of those days.
Everyday childhoods in contemporary African fiction
Authors: Barnsley Veronica
Published: May 2022

This article contends that humanitarian imagery and sociopolitical discourses that present African childhoods as �lacking� are being rigorously challenged by African fiction that illuminates the diversity of childhood experiences that make up the everyday. The article aims to show that neither the trope of the African child as silent victim nor the globalised African child whose trajectory is characterised by escape from local and national ties is able to capture the complexity and plurality of �parochial� (Jaji 2021) childhoods and suggests that new versions of childhood are emerging in African writing. By analysing the role of the everyday and the ambiguity of play in fiction by Tsitsi Dangarembga, NoViolet Bulawayo, Jennifer Nansubuga Makumbi and Khadija Abdalla Bajaber, alongside stories from the 2021 Caine Prize shortlist, the article showcases the fresh and adventurous narratives of childhood to be found in contemporary African fiction.
Text as a meaning-generating dialogue and a lacing metaphor: the experience of converging Yuri Lotman’s and Michail Bakhtin’s approaches
Authors: Tulchinskii Grigorii L.
Published: May 2022

The article presents a reflection on Yuri Lotman’s idea of reorienting semiotics from the analysis of structures to the analysis of texts and their binary diagogical nature. This idea allows correlating Lotman’s approach with Bakhtin’s concept of a continuous, meaning-generating dialogue. The juxtaposition of these approaches opens up new possibilities for ex­panding the semiotic analysis of the processes of meaning formation, metaphorization, the dynamics of culture, and the correlation of social and personal experience in these dynamics. The prospects of expanding the scope of the apparatus of semiotics, such as the narrative ap­proach, deep semiotics, and analysis of the dynamics of social institutionalization of sign structures, are revealed. This, in turn, opens up new horizons for the development of the theo­ry of meaning and understanding, the convergence and juxtaposition of semiotic and herme­neutic traditions, analytical philosophy and phenomenology, abstract modeling and the role of subjectivity (self-consciousness of self). Such extensions and perspectives realize the potential of semiotics as an effective conceptual platform of interdisciplinarity and convergence of sci­entific disciplines in understanding the ongoing transformations and responsible socio-cultural engineering.
VI International Scientific Seminar “Hagiography in the Russian Cultural Space: on the 200th Anniversary of Fedor Dostoevsky’s Birth”
Authors: Dorofeeva Lyudmila G.
Published: May 2022

The article provides an overview of the VI International Scientific Seminar "Hagiog­raphy in the Russian Cultural Space", dedicated to the 200th anniversary of Fedor Dostoev­sky’s birth. The seminar was organized at the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University on October 11—12, 2021. The main ideas and key points of the presentations of the plenary and section meetings are explored.
MANAGEMENT PROCESS OF THE COMMUNAL POLICE OF THE CITY OF ZAJECAR
Authors: Manic Aleksandar , Manić Saška , Fokianos Nikolaos
Published: May 2022

Communal systems, as organizational units within local self-governments, are important factors in the organizational and executive structure of modern administration. Management has an important role with its supporting structures (finance and human resources) in every economy and business of the organization. Managing communal police is a difficult and demanding job, which requires a lot of knowledge, skills, understanding and experience in working with people. In practice as well as scientific research on work, it has been shown that joint work is always more efficient and effective than individual work. Numerous management theories have contributed, each in its own way, to improving the understanding of the factors that affect the efficiency of the organization as well as the motivation and satisfaction of employees on whom business efficiency directly depends. Since the work of communal police officers is work in pairs or in groups, the important role of the manager is to organize communal police officers and focus on solving the set tasks. As far as the authors know, there is no research regarding management process of the communal police in Serbia, therefore, the main goal of the paper is to present the management process of the communal police of the City of Zaječar.
The state-trait model of cheerfulness: Tests of measurement invariance and latent mean differences in European and Chinese Canadian students
Authors: Lau Chloe , Chiesi Francesca , Saklofske Donald H.
Published: May 2022

The State-Trait Cheerfulness Inventory (STCI) assesses latent traits and states of cheerfulness, seriousness, and bad mood to represent the temperamental basis of humor. The present study (1) tested the generalizability of the three-factor model in both state and trait versions of the STCI across European Canadian (N = 489) and first generation Chinese Canadian (N = 147) participants completing the English version of the STCI and (2) compared latent mean differences. Results indicated the confirmatory factor analyses of the three-factor model for European White participants born in Canada and Chinese participants born in China showed adequate fit for both trait and state measures. Furthermore, substantial equivalence of factor model parameters and partial scalar invariance were found for both the state and trait STCI measures. In examining latent mean differences, European White Canadian participants reported significantly higher trait cheerfulness, z = 3.30, p < .001, d = 0.84, and lower trait bad mood z = 3.25, p < .01, d = 0.80 compared to the Chinese Canadian groups. European White Canadian participants reported significantly lower state bad mood, z = 3.59, p < .001, d = 1.15, compared to the Chinese Canadian groups. Limitations and future directions based on study findings are discussed.
What’s in a Voluntary Local Review? Developing meaningful indicators to measure local Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) progress in the Nordics
Authors:   Nordregio, Huynh Diana , Rohrer Lisa , Ström Hildestrand Åsa , Sánchez Gassen Nora , Nyström Henrietta
Published: May 2022

This policy brief is based on the second of three webinars on Localising Agenda 2030 in the Nordics. It aims to highlight the shared experiences between Nordic municipalities and inspire local and national decision-makers to invest in and build capacity for measuring and reporting on SDG localisation. During the session, the cities of Espoo, Finland, and Helsingborg, Sweden, offered their best practices on developing and applying local indicator sets and shared how they went about conducting their respective VLRs. Panel experts from the Norwegian Association of Local and Regional Authorities (KS) and the Icelandic Association of Local Authorities (Samband) also joined the discussion. The challenges of developing comprehensive methodologies suited to the local context, working across departments, and coordinating with fellow Nordic municipalities to report on common targets were among the topics addressed during the session.
Exposing the invader
Authors: Bayer Avraham N , Homa Fred L
Published: May 2022

A restriction factor induced by interferons blocks the replication of herpesviruses by disassembling the capsid proteins surrounding their genome.
Looking for the origins of axons
Authors: Rockland Kathleen S
Published: May 2022

Pyramidal neurons with axons that exit from dendrites rather than the cell body itself are relatively common in non-primates, but rare in monkeys and humans.
Material-Driven Architectural Pedagogy
Authors: Pelman Barak , Zoran Amit Raphael
Published: May 2022

Most contemporary architecture programmes use a pedagogical model in which students construct their design knowledge by engaging in an architectural project. Due to the size and complexities of the physical environments they study, students develop their design knowledge primarily by using representations of the material world. The learning opportunities afforded by the experience of materials hence are often overlooked. In this study, we seek evidence that material experiences have an agency on architectural teaching and learning. Using sociomaterial perspectives, we followed two architecture designbuild courses, analysed their students’ learning diaries, and contextualised them with the teacher’s pedagogical reflections. We found correlations between specific materials and specific knowledge, skills, and technological competencies and demonstrated how materials could be used as ‘learning agents’ in architectural education. The paper’s findings contribute to the development of a material-driven ped­agogy in which materials are used as ‘learning agents’ in architectural education.
Quality assessment of a serum and xenofree medium for the expansion of human GMP-grade mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Aussel Clotilde , Busson Elodie , Vantomme Helene , Peltzer Juliette , Martinaud Christophe
Published: May 2022

Background

Cell-based therapies are emerging as a viable modality to treat challenging diseases, resulting in an increasing demand for their large-scale, high-quality production. Production facilities face the issue of batch-to-batch consistency while producing a safe and efficient cell-based product. Controlling culture conditions and particularly media composition is a key factor of success in this challenge. Serum and Xeno-Free Media (SXFM) represent an interesting option to achieve this goal. By reducing batch to batch variability, they increase Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)-compliance and safety regarding xenogenic transmission, as compared to fetal bovine serum (FBS) supplemented-media or human platelet lysate supplemented medium.

Methods

In this study, the isolation, expansion and characteristics including the anti-inflammatory function of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are compared after culture in MEMα supplemented with human Concentrate Platelet Lysate (hCPL, reference medium) or in MSC-Brew GMP Medium. The latter is a GMP SXFM manufactured in bags under strictly controlled conditions in volumes suitable for expansion to a clinical scale and does not require neither pre-coating of the cell culture units nor the addition of blood derivatives at the isolation step.

Results

We showed that MSC derived from human bone-marrow and adipose tissue can be successfully isolated and expanded in this SXFM. Number and size of Colony-Forming Unit fibroblast (CFU-F) is increased compared to cells cultivated in hCPL medium. All cells retained a CD90+, CD73+, CD105+, HLADR−, CD34−, CD45− phenotype. Furthermore, the osteogenic and adipocyte potentials as well as the anti-inflammatory activity were comparable between culture conditions. All cells reached the release criteria established in our production facility to treat inflammatory pathologies.

Conclusions

The use of MSC-Brew GMP Medium can therefore be considered for clinical bioprocesses as a safe and efficient substitute for hCPL media.
Too perfect to be good? An investigation of magicians’ Too Perfect Theory
Authors: Pailhès Alice , Lee Kole , Kuhn Gustav
Published: May 2022

The “Too Perfect Theory” states that if a trick is too perfect, it might paradoxically become less impressive, or give away its secret method. This theory suggests that an increased impossibility results in a less magical effect. The Too Perfect Theory is often applied to magic effects, but it conflicts with recent scientific investigations showing that participants’ level of enjoyment of a magic performance is positively related to their perceived impossibility of the trick. The current article investigated whether an imperfect magic performance is more impressive than a perfect one. Across two experiments, we studied whether participants enjoy a performance more if the effect is not perfect. We also examined the different types of explanations people give to these two types of performances. The results showed that participants enjoyed a perfect performance more than an imperfect one. However, consistently with the Too Perfect Theory, participants watching the perfect performance also discovered the correct method behind the magic trick more frequently and believed the performance was staged more often. Moreover, participants’ method explanation significantly impacted their reports about the performance.
Usefulness of Simulation Based Learning in First Year Medical Students: A Quasi-experimental Study
Authors: Shende Vinod , Pawar Sachin , Sande Suvarna
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Auscultation of chest is an important part of clinical patient assessment and the skills required to interpret it are traditionally learned by listening the heart and lung sounds of many different patients. It may be difficult for the students to compare actual heart and lung sounds with similar findings. Therefore, use of simulated heart and lung sounds in teaching and training of medical students may be helpful in such scenario as it allows the repetitive and individualized oriented training in support of learning in real scenarios. Aim: To evaluate the usefulness of simulation in understanding various respiratory and cardiovascular sounds, to assess the learning gain of students by pretest and post-test and to evaluate the perception of students towards simulation based learning. Materials and Methods: The present quasi-experimental study was carried out on 100 first year MBBS students at Clinical Skills Laboratory and Department of Physiology, at Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra, India, from April 2018 to September 2018. Pretest was taken before intervention from all participants. Students were randomly divided into two groups. Group I had undergone clinical examination of Cardiovascular System (CVS) and Respiratory System (RS), where as, group II had undergone clinical examination of CVS and RS as well simulation based learning. Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE), post-test and feedback was obtained from all participants. Data was analysed using Microsoft excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 software. Results: Both groups had 50 subjects each,with age group of 18-20 years and mean age 18.3±1.9 years . There were 21 male and 29 female subjects in both groups. Mean scores of OSCE in group I and II were 7 and 8.18 respectively. Mean score of pretest in group I and II were 5.04 and 5.02 respectively, whereas mean score of post-test in group I and II were 6.66 and 7.54 respectively. Comparison of OSCE and post-test scores in two groups was found to be statistically significant (p-value <0.0001). Conclusion: Understanding of cardiovascular and respiratory sounds was better in group II where simulation based learning was used compared to other group. Hence, it was concluded that simulation based learning is useful additional tool to learn clinical examination of cardiovascular and respiratory physiology. It helps first MBBS students to enhance their clinical knowledge, skills and attitude.
Adolescent and Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health in Sri Lanka: Are Policies and Strategies Geared to Address Issues?
Authors: Kumarasinghe M. , Silva W. I. De
Published: May 2022

Aims: Adolescents and youth belong to high-risk groups for sexual and reproductive issues. The aim of this investigation is to critically evaluate whether the sexual and productive health issues are addressed in adolescent and youth policies and strategies in Sri Lanka.

Study Design: Two distinct methods were used. Desk review to assess the coverage of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) issues addressed in adolescent and youth policies and strategies in Sri Lanka was followed by 3 focus group discussions (FGDs) with youths and 8 key informant interviews (KII) on SRH policy issues related to sexual and reproductive health of youth.

Place and Duration of Study: Both methods were conducted between June 2021 to December 2021. Youth were selected from District of Colombo for FGDs. KIIs were conducted with youth SRH experts in government, private, universities and non-governmental organizations.

Methodology: Triangulation of data from FGDs, KIIs and desk review was conducted. Thematic content and narrative methods were used for analysis of data.

Results: Adequacy of SRH coverage, issues and challenges was summarized using key six domains of SRH as mentioned by World Health Organization, namely overall focus on SRH, comprehensive SRH education, contraception counselling & provision, safe abortion care, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV prevention care, and violence against women and girls- prevention, support and care. All key stakeholders in education and health sector unanimously agreed that comprehensive sexual education should be implemented in the country. However, there is general disagreement on the grade (or age) of inclusion of contraception of CSE; Level of skills and competencies of the teachers assigned to teach SRH and; Learning aids for students on SRH. The only policy/ strategic plan which covers the SRH aspects of youth adequately was the National Strategic Plan- Adolescent and Youth Health (2018-2025) by the Family Health Bureau. Similarly, lack of priority for SRH aspects of youth was evident in youth policies and strategic plans formulated by non-health governmental organizations.

Conclusion: Overall findings highlight the non-priority for SRH aspects in youth policies and strategic plans in Sri Lanka. Coordinated effort of all key stakeholders is needed to improve the SRH representation in youth policies and strategies in Sri Lanka.
Effect of Inspection Error on CUSUM Chart for Truncated Negative Binomial Distribution
Authors: Mishra U. , Singh J. R.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, a mathematical investigation has been done for Cumulative Sum control Chart (CSCC) of

Truncated Negative Binomial Distribution (TNBD) under inspection error using the sequential probability

ratio test (SPRT). Average Run Length (ARL), d (lead distance) and \(\phi\) (angle of the mask) is calculated for

different values of error rates and different values of parameter of the distribution.