bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mesiodistal Angulation of Each Whole Tooth in Patients With Nonsyndromic Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: Is it Symmetrical?
Authors: Sezici Yağmur Lena , Dindaroğlu Furkan , Işık Abdülkadir , Doğan Servet
Published: October 2020

Objective:

To assess the symmetry of the mesiodistal angulations of maxillary and mandibular teeth in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and compare with the class I control group without cleft lip and palate (CLP).

Design:

A retrospective study.

Setting:

University department.

Patients, Participants:

The panoramic radiographs of 45 orthodontically untreated individuals with nonsyndromic UCLP (mean age 14.13 ± 0.75 years) and 45 skeletal class I individuals without CLP (mean age 14.01 ± 0.74 years).

Interventions:

The line passing through the most superior points of the condyles was taken as the reference. The angle between the long axes of the maxillary and mandibular teeth and reference line was measured digitally. With the purpose of determining condylar symmetry, mandibular asymmetry index measurements were utilized. Independent samples t test and paired samples t test were used for the statistical analyses.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

The mesiodistal angulation of the maxillary and mandibular teeth in patients with UCLP was measured. The differences between the contralateral sides were determined and compared to class I individuals without CLP.

Results:

No statistically significant difference was found among the condylar asymmetry in both groups ( P > .05).The significant differences between the cleft and noncleft sides in the UCLP group was observed in the maxillary central, canine, first premolar and second molar teeth ( P < .001, P = .002, P = .013, P = .012, respectively). The mean differences were found to be higher in the central and lateral incisors, canines and first premolars in the UCLP group ( P < .001, P = .006, P = .001, respectively).

Conclusions:

Although the cleft-side maxillary central incisors tipped in a distal direction in patients with UCLP, the canine and first premolar showed more inclinations toward the mesial direction.
4E cognition in the Lower Palaeolithic
Authors: Wynn Thomas , Overmann Karenleigh A , Malafouris Lambros
Published: October 2020

This essay introduces a special issue focused on 4E cognition (cognition as embodied, embedded, enactive, and extended) in the Lower Palaeolithic. In it, we review the typological and representational cognitive approaches that have dominated the past 50 years of paleoanthropology. These have assumed that all representations and computations take place only inside the head, which implies that the archaeological record can only be an “external” product or the behavioral trace of “internal” representational and computational processes. In comparison, the 4E approach helps us to overcome this dualist representational logic, allowing us to engage directly with the archaeological record as an integral part of the thinking process, and thus ground a more parsimonious cognitive archaeology. It also treats stone tools, the primary vestiges of hominin thinking, as active participants in mental life. The 4E approach offers a better grounding for understanding hominin technical expertise, a crucially important component of hominin cognitive evolution.
Perceived Brand Globalness/Localness: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Directions for Further Research
Authors: Liu Hao , Schoefer Klaus , Fastoso Fernando , Tzemou Efstathia
Published: October 2020

Extensive research has investigated how perceived brand globalness (PBG) and perceived brand localness (PBL) affect brand. In this systematic literature review, the authors organize and synthesize the literature on PBG and PBL by analyzing 95 articles published in the past 17 years. They identify similarities, inconsistencies, and omissions in the literature by investigating different conceptualizations of PBG and PBL, boundary conditions of PBG and PBL effects on brand preference, psychological mechanisms through which PBG and PBL affect brand preference, the theoretical foundations underlying PBG and PBL research, and methodological approaches used in the literature. The study outlines avenues for further research based on prior research and current global trends, such as hybridization/glocalization marketing strategies, antiglobalization trends, and digitalization.
The Power, Accuracy, and Precision of the Relational Event Model
Authors: Schecter Aaron , Quintane Eric
Published: October 2020

The relational event model (REM) solves a problem for organizational researchers who have access to sequences of time-stamped interactions. It enables them to estimate statistical models without collapsing the data into cross-sectional panels, which removes timing and sequence information. However, there is little guidance in the extant literature regarding issues that may affect REM’s power, precision, and accuracy: How many events or actors are needed? How large should the risk set be? How should statistics be scaled? To gain insights into these issues, we conduct a series of experiments using simulated sequences of relational events under different conditions and using different sampling and scaling strategies. We also provide an empirical example using email communications in a real-life context. Our results indicate that, in most cases, the power and precision levels of REMs are good, making it a strong explanatory model. However, REM suffers from issues of accuracy that can be severe in certain cases, making it a poor predictive model. We provide a set of practical recommendations to guide researchers’ use of REMs in organizational research.
The Role of Integrated Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) and Bone Marrow Examination in Staging Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Al-Sabbagh Ahmad , Ibrahim Feryal , Szabados Lajos , Soliman Dina S , Taha Ruba Y , Fernyhough Liam J
Published: October 2020

Introduction:

In the era of routine use of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for staging, it is not yet clear whether PET/CT can replace bone marrow biopsy for the assessment of bone marrow involvement in large B-cell lymphoma.

Objectives:

To compare the clinical utility of bone marrow biopsy and PET/CT scanning in the staging of large B-cell lymphoma.

Methods:

This was a retrospective analysis of all patients who presented to single center over a 4-year period with large B-cell lymphoma who had concurrent PET/CT and bone marrow biopsy performed in the assessment and staging of the lymphoma.

Results:

Out of 89 patients, 24 had bone marrow involvement either by PET/CT, by bone marrow biopsy, or by both. Bone marrow biopsy identified 12 patients (sensitivity 50%, specificity 100%, negative predictive value 84%), whereas PET/CT identified 23 patients (sensitivity 96%, specificity 100%, negative predictive value 98%). No patients were upstaged by the bone marrow biopsy result, and no patients had their treatment plan changed based on the bone marrow biopsy result.

Conclusion:

The results show that PET-CT is more sensitive and has better negative predictive value than bone marrow biopsy. This suggests that PET-CT could replace bone marrow biopsy in detecting bone marrow involvement for staging of large B-cell lymphoma.
Pain and Depression Are Associated With More Anxiety in ME/CFS: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study Between Norway and Spain
Authors: Strand Elin Bolle , Castro-Marrero Jesús , Helland Ingrid , Alegre Jose , Mengshoel Anne Marit
Published: October 2020

Objectives:

Lasting, unexplained and high levels of pain may cause anxiety in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. The objectives of the current study were to test assumptions of the association between pain and anxiety in patients diagnosed with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and to clarify the role of depression in this relationship.

Methods:

Data were collected from 664 participants (age 18-65 years) with 133 ME/CFS patients and 201 healthy controls from Norway and 330 CFS patients from Spain. Binary logistic regression model was applied to test relationships between the included variables in the samples.

Results:

Both pain and depression made significant direct contributions to the level of anxiety. The strongest risk for higher levels of anxiety was the combination of high levels of depression and high levels of pain in the overall sample (OR = 49.70; P < 0.001), not so much in the Spanish cohort (OR = 11.99; P < 0.0001) and most of all in the Norwegian cohort (OR = 88.21; P < 0.001) sample.

Conclusions:

It was the combination of high pain levels and high levels of depression that to the greatest extent increased the risk of anxiety in patients with CFS/ME. Whatever diagnostic criterion that is applied, anxiety and depression should be mandatory to assess in the clinical assessments performed for diagnosing the ME/CFS. Approaches addressing anxiety-related pain and treatment of depression should be warranted.
The emerging role of artificial intelligence in multiple sclerosis imaging
Authors: Afzal H. M. Rehan , Luo Suhuai , Ramadan Saadallah , Lechner-Scott Jeannette
Published: October 2020

Background:

Computer-aided diagnosis can facilitate the early detection and diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) thus enabling earlier interventions and a reduction in long-term MS-related disability. Recent advancements in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) have led to the improvements in the classification, quantification and identification of diagnostic patterns in medical images for a range of diseases, in particular, for MS. Importantly, data generated using AI techniques are analyzed automatically, which compares favourably with labour-intensive and time-consuming manual methods.

Objective:

The aim of this review is to assist MS researchers to understand current and future developments in the AI-based diagnosis and prognosis of MS.

Methods:

We will investigate a variety of AI approaches and various classifiers and compare the current state-of-the-art techniques in relation to lesion segmentation/detection and prognosis of disease. After briefly describing the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques commonly used, we will describe AI techniques used for the detection of lesions and MS prognosis.

Results:

We then evaluate the clinical maturity of these AI techniques in relation to MS.

Conclusion:

Finally, future research challenges are identified in a bid to encourage further improvements of the methods.
Radical right parties and anti-feminist speech on Instagram: Vox and the 2019 Spanish general election
Authors: Bernardez-Rodal Asuncion , Rey Paula Requeijo , Franco Yanna G
Published: October 2020

Radical right-wing parties often use the attack on feminism as a central argument in their political discourse. The Spanish political party Vox, born in 2013, is a good example of this phenomenon. This paper analyzes Vox’s Instagram posts for the party’s two last electoral campaigns previous to the two successive general elections held in Spain in 2019. After the collection, selection and quantification of these data, we carried out a qualitative analysis of the semantic networks created through the utilization of images, videos, texts, interactions, hashtags and emojis. Our findings identify five fundamental arguments: classic gender nationalism, anti-Muslim gender nationalism, delegitimization and ridicule of feminism, discrediting the concept of gender, and the idea that Vox is, in fact, the party that most advocates for women. An outstanding discursive strategy used throughout the sample is that of contrast and association. Signifiers with a strong positive signified and broad social acceptance (euphoric terms) are associated with this party and its political positions. In contrast, negatively charged signifiers and hate-instigating terms (dysphoric) are associated with feminism and the so-called “gender ideology.”
Satisfaction with informal supports predicts resilience in families of children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Fong Vanessa , Gardiner Emily , Iarocci Grace
Published: October 2020

The current study examined the role of informal supports in predicting resilience among families of children with autism spectrum disorder. Participants included 153 caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder, who were between the ages of 2 and 18 years ( M = 10.45; SD = 4.32). Caregivers completed a measure of satisfaction with informal supports as well as the Family Resilience Assessment Scale-autism spectrum disorder. After controlling for demographic factors and child behavioural problems, regression analyses revealed that satisfaction with informal supports significantly predicted family resilience. The findings highlight the importance of specifically strengthening informal support networks when providing services and interventions to families of children with autism spectrum disorder to foster the family’s resilience.

Lay abstract

The study of resilience among individuals with disabilities and their families represents a paradigmatic shift from a deficits orientation towards a more holistic and contextualized approach focused on strength and adaptation. The current study investigated whether informal supports could help improve families’ capacity for resilience. We recruited 153 caregivers of children aged between 2 and 18 years who all had a diagnosis of autism. Participants were asked to complete surveys assessing resilience in their families as well as their satisfaction with informal supports (e.g. friends and family). Families more likely to report higher satisfaction with their informal support networks demonstrate greater resilience. The results suggest that informal social supports are a valuable resource for families in strengthening their capacity for resilience. The findings may help inform the development of interventions and services that work collaboratively and innovatively with families and their social networks to provide assistance and support in meaningful and effective ways.
Hopelessness and shame in relation to suicide attempts by Cuban adolescents
Authors: Schneider Barry H. , Sanz Martinez Yuri , Koller Silvia H. , D’Onofrio Patrick , A. Puricelli David , Lalota Gianna , Lu Ruolin
Published: October 2020

Youth suicide rates in Cuba are very high compared with most other countries, despite considerable improvement in recent years. The purpose of our study was to determine whether hopelessness and shame distinguish adolescent suicide attempters from non-attempters, over and above the effects of depression and suicidal ideation. Participants were 844 Cuban adolescents from the province of Holguin in Eastern Cuba. The attempter groups included 38 participants being treated for suicide attempts in a day hospital and 82 participants in the community who self-reported a previous suicide attempt. The other participants were non-attempter controls. All participants were asked to complete measures of depression, hopelessness, shame and suicidal ideation. As expected, attempters scored higher than non-attempters on the control variables of depression and suicidal ideation. In addition, attempters self-reported greater shame, especially behavioral and characterological shame, than non-attempters. Contrary to our hypothesis, there was no significant difference in hopelessness between attempters and non-attempters. The results are inconsistent with the considerable narrative lore about hopelessness as a reason for suicide in Cuba and other socialist countries. However, some collective socialization practices may lead to shame.
‘Let fa’afafine shine like diamonds’: Balancing accommodation, negotiation and resistance in gender-nonconforming Samoans’ counter-hegemony
Authors: Kanemasu Yoko , Liki Asenati
Published: October 2020

In the Pacific Island country of Samoa, a gender-nonconforming community known as fa’afafine is said to constitute part of customary tradition and therefore enjoy cultural legitimacy. Yet fa’afafine are also confronted with a binary gender discourse that daily marginalises them within families/communities. This article explores fa’afafine’s gendered positioning in contemporary Samoa and the ways in which they have negotiated it to carve out space for oppositional agency, focusing on the strategies employed by the Samoa Fa’afafine Association. Based on semi-structured interviews with fa’afafine and other gender-nonconforming Samoans, and guided by Pacific methodology of Talanoa, the article examines fa’afafine’s collective pursuits as a case of counter-hegemonic struggle through a Gramscian theoretical lens. If their acts of resistance are covert and incremental, they are effective in aligning Samoa’s powerful cultural institutions with an alternative gender discourse to cultivate social change. The article closes with reflections on possible challenges to this counter-hegemony.
(Dis)connected organizational identity of multinational hotel corporations: Employee insights from a Mexican luxury hotel property
Authors: Ponting Sandra Sun-Ah , Dillette Alana
Published: October 2020

Organizational identity (OI) is a critical concept in understanding what is central, distinctive, and enduring to an organization. For headquarters of a multinational corporation that command multiple subsidiaries across nations and cultures, addressing a unified OI is challenging. Specifically, within tourism and hospitality management, scant attention has been paid to examine multinational tourism and hospitality corporations using OI frameworks. Thus, through a social constructionist lens, this paper aims to explore corporate and property OI of a multinational hotel corporation by using a single bounded case in Mexico. Data collection included interviews, focus groups, direct observations, and internal documentation. Findings indicated the connection and disconnection between corporate and property OI through localization and power dynamics. Theoretical and industry implications clarify insights to better understand the OI complexities in a multinational hotel corporation setting.
From textual to visual: the use of concept mapping as an analytical tool in a grounded theory study
Authors: Ligita Titan , Nurjannah Intansari , Wicking Kristin , Harvey Nichole , Francis Karen
Published: October 2020

Dealing with a large amount of qualitative data during the analytical process can be challenging especially when the data needs to be regularly discussed with other research team members. For researchers employing grounded theory methodology and methods, using visual tools such as concept maps or diagrams can be a beneficial approach at all phases of the research. Concept maps can assist researchers to visualize emerging concepts from raw data, efficiently communicate the developing theory under construction and demonstrate progress in the analytical thinking process. However, despite the usefulness of concept mapping, there is limited and detailed information on the use of concept mapping to guide novice researchers. This research presents the distinctive experiences of the authors in utilizing concept mapping to facilitate the analytical process of theory generation they undertook when conducting a grounded theory study examining diabetes health education in an Indonesian context. It is recommended that researchers consider the flexibility and efficacy of concept mapping as a tool to assist them with the process of data analysis in qualitative research.
Inventing expert in English language arts: A case study of critical literacies in a third grade classroom
Authors: Brownell Cassie J
Published: October 2020

Drawing from data generated during the 2016-2017 academic year, this study centred on U.S. children’s design of two critical literacies compositions—a letter to Congress and a persuasive multimodal text. Situated within an integrated unit focused on (im)migrants, children asked legislators to act on the GOP Administration’s proposed border wall and the #MuslimBan. Simultaneously, their teacher took steps to engage students in critical literacies conversations about access in/to the United States. Using a case study design, I investigated the following: How might traditional perceptions of ‘expert’ shift as children engage in critical literacies using varied materials and technologies? Specifically, I highlight how, by engaging an expansive skill set of communicative practices, children designed texts and enacted identities related to civic agency. Through multimodal composing, one nine-year-old white boy exemplified how children highlight knowledge beyond what is captured in a written text. His multimodal response illuminated his deep understanding of the obstacles faced by (im)migrants as they traverse boundaries. To alleviate such challenges, he “invented” both a transportable water filter cup and a fishing tool and engaged in critical making. When provided with opportunities to compose multimodally, the child—a white boy marked as “behind” in literacy—demonstrated rich content knowledge not readily visible in his written responses. His compositions disrupted understandings of expert with regard to elementary writing and critical literacies.
Fusion of structural damage identification results from different test scenarios and evaluation indices in structural health monitoring
Authors: Li XY , Lin SJ , Law SS , Lin YZ , Lin JF
Published: October 2020

There are many existing algorithms and damage indices that can effectively meet the engineering need in damage diagnosis. However, all of them (except those with an exact formulation) are based on certain assumptions with approximations, and their performances depend on the combination of test parameters, for example, type, number, and location of excitations and sensors; identification algorithm adopted; and environmental noise effect. Results obtained from different combinations of these test parameters are different and they may be mathematically biased or contradicting. Existing practice adopts the general indication of result for further maintenance decisions or by subjective screening the results with engineering sense. This article demonstrates the possibility to have a better design of the structural health monitoring system where the benefits of different damage indices and evaluation methodologies can be reaped via the fusion of the identified results. The scenario for discussion is the vibration-based damage localization problem. The change in mode shape in the modal domain and change in the covariance of impulse response function change in the time domain are selected as damage indices for the illustration. An exact form of the covariance of impulse response function is also proposed for this purpose. The demonstration is conducted via a simulated truss structure, an experimental beam, and 280 days valid recorded data from an in-service suspension bridge deck. Different measurements are analyzed to produce large number of identified results for reducing traffic excitation effect, the temperature effect, and so on, and to enhance the structural damage information in the final set of results. Experiences in handling the structural health monitoring data for monitoring the movement of a structural joint before and after a typhoon are also presented. The proposed strategy does not need a mathematical model of the structure, but this leads to heavy sensor requirement for a fine spatial resolution of the local damage.
Understanding Formal Responses to Intimate Partner Violence and Women’s Resistance Processes: A Scoping Review
Authors: Osborn Max , Rajah Valli
Published: October 2020

Intimate partner violence (IPV) literature addresses the ways in which women oppose violent male partners through acts of “everyday resistance.” There is a limited understanding, however, of the relationship between women’s resistance and their formal help-seeking in the context of IPV. Our scoping review, which includes 74 articles published in English-language journals between 1994 and 2017, attempts to help fill this gap by developing systematic knowledge regarding the following research questions: (1) How are formal institutional responses discussed within the literature on resistance to IPV? (2) How does institutional help-seeking facilitate or obstruct IPV survivors’ personal efforts to resist violence? We find that institutions and organizations succeed in facilitating resistance processes when they counter victim-blaming ideas and provide IPV survivors with shared community and a sense of control over their futures. However, they fall short in terms of helping survivors by expecting survivors to adhere to a rigid narrative about appropriate responses to violence, devoting insufficient attention to individual-level factors impacting survivors’ vulnerability and ability to access help, and replicating abuse dynamics when interacting with survivors. Policy and practice implications are discussed.
The Long Non-Coding RNA NEAT1 Promotes Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation and Invasion by Regulating miR-103a/ STAMBPL1 Axis
Authors: Yu Da-Jun , Guo Chen-Xu , Qian Jun , Li Jing , Zhu Chao , Jin Xin , Wang Qing-Kang
Published: October 2020

Background:

Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignancy with high morbidity. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) have been demonstrated to be critical post-transcriptional regulators in tumorigenesis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of LncRNA NEAT1 on the proliferation and metastasis of GC.

Material and Methods:

The expression of LncRNA NEAT1 was examined in clinical samples and GC cell lines. GC cell lines (SGC-7901 and BGC-823) and human normal gastric epithelial cell line (GES-1) were employed. The correlation between NEAT1, miR-103a and STAMBPL1 was determined by luciferase reporter assay. Cell viability was determined by CCK8 assay. Cell invasion capacity was examined by Transwell assay. The protein level of STAMBPL1 was analyzed by western blotting.

Results:

LncRNA NEAT1 was found to be up-regulated in GC cell lines. Further studies identified LncRNA NEAT1 as a direct target of miR-103a. Moreover, NEAT1 knockdown and miR-103a overexpression inhibited cell proliferation and cell invasion. NEAT1 knockdown and miR-103a overexpression also decreased STAMBPL1 levels.

Conclusion:

Our study indicated that LncRNA NEAT1 was up-regulated in GC cells and tissues. NEAT1 was targeted and inhibited by miR-103a and acted as an oncogene, which promoted the malignant behavior of GC cells. This regulatory effect of NEAT1 may be associated with STAMBPL1. Therefore, NEAT1 could be used as a biomarker for predicting the progression of GC.
miR-152 Attenuates Apoptosis in Chondrocytes and Degeneration of Cartilages in Osteoarthritis Rats via TCF-4 Pathway
Authors: Wan Daqian , Qu Yang , Ai Songtao , Cheng Liming
Published: October 2020

Introduction:

Osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with deregulation of various miRNAs (miRs). The present study reported protective effect of miR-152 in osteoarthritis.

Methods:

Tissue cartilage tissues of OA and normal subjects were used, rat model of anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) was developed. Cartilage study was done by Safranin O-fast green, histological and immunostaining. The chondrocytes were isolated from tissues and were treated with IL-1β and infected with miR-152 or TCF-4 cloned lentiviral vectors. MTT assay was done for cell viability, apoptosis by Annexin-V-FITC staining. Expressions of proteins by western blot assay. Collagen-II assay was done by immunofluroscent assay. Luciferase activity by dual luciferase reporter assay.

Results:

Upregulation of miR-152 improved viability of chondrocytes, decreased apoptosis and balanced the catabolic and anabolic factors of extracellular matrix in vitro. Injecting miR-152 lentivirus in rats improved articular cartilage in osteoarthritis ACLT rats. Bioinformatics analysis suggested TCF-4 as favorable target gene of miR-152, having binding site on the 3’UTR region of TCF-4 mRNA and inhibited the expression of TCF-4. Osteoarthritis tissue cartilage both from humans and rats showed expression of miR-152 inversely linked with expression of TCF-4.

Conclusion:

Present study concludes miR-152 diminished the progression of osteoarthritis partially by inhibiting the expression of TCF-4.
Role of mu-opioid receptor in nociceptive modulation in anterior cingulate cortex of rats
Authors: Wang Linlin , Hou Kesai , Wang Hongbo , Fu Fenghua , Yu Longchuan
Published: October 2020

Lots of studies have demonstrated that anterior cingulate cortex plays important roles in the pain perception and pain modulation. The present study explored the role of mu-opioid receptor in nociceptive modulation in anterior cingulate cortex of rats with neuropathic pain. Neuropathic pain model was set up by chronic constriction injury of the left sciatic nerve of rats. The hindpaw withdrawal latency to thermal and mechanical stimulation, by hot plate and Randall Selitto Test respectively, was used to evaluate the rat’s responses to noxious stimulation. Results showed that intra-anterior cingulate cortex injection of morphine could induce the antinociception dose-dependently. By intra-anterior cingulate cortex injection of opioid receptor antagonist, the morphine-induced antinociception could be attenuated by naloxone, as well as much significantly by the selective mu-opioid receptor antagonist β-funaltrexamine, indicating that mu-opioid receptor is involved in the morphine-induced antinociception in anterior cingulate cortex of rats with neuropathic pain. The morphine-induced antinociception was much more decreased in rats with neuropathic pain than that in normal rats, and there was a significant decrease in mu-opioid receptor messenger RNA levels in anterior cingulate cortex of rats with neuropathic pain, indicating that there may be a down-regulation in mu-opioid receptor expression in anterior cingulate cortex of rats with neuropathic pain. To further confirm the role of mu-opioid receptor in morphine-induced antinociception in anterior cingulate cortex, normal rats were received intra-anterior cingulate cortex administration of small interfering RNA targeting mu-opioid receptor and it was found that there was a down-regulation in mu-opioid receptor messenger RNA levels, as well as a down-regulation in mu-opioid receptor expression in anterior cingulate cortex tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Furthermore, the morphine-induced antinociceptive effect decreased significantly in rats with small interfering RNA targeting mu-opioid receptor, which indicated that knockdown mu-opioid receptor in anterior cingulate cortex could also attenuate morphine-induced antinociceptive effect. These results strongly suggest that mu-opioid receptor plays a significant role in nociceptive modulation in anterior cingulate cortex of rats.
The Emancipatory Approach in Hospitality Research on Employees With Disabilities: An Auto-Ethnographic Research Note
Authors: Doan Tin , Kim Peter B. , Mooney Shelagh , Vo Hoang-Yen T.
Published: October 2020

The emancipatory approach in disability research takes the political position of promoting the voices of people with disabilities to make possible transformative changes to their lives. Based on auto-ethnographic research notes made while applying the emancipatory approach to qualitative research conducted with employees with disabilities in the Vietnamese hospitality industry, this article suggests guidelines that include four steps: preparing/planning, recruiting, conducting interviews, and confirming the data. Practical strategies for each stage in the process are also suggested, with the aim of better including the voices of employees with disabilities in qualitative hospitality research. The article will benefit future researchers conducting qualitative research on employees with disabilities by highlighting the value of the emancipatory approach, which has not been previously reported on in the hospitality literature.
The Labyrinth of Employment and Social Rights in the EU Intra-Corporate Transfer Directive
Authors: Verschueren Herwig
Published: October 2020

Directive 2014/66/EU on Intra-Corporate Transfer regulates the temporary secondment of key personnel and trainees from third countries to the Member States of the EU. It is part of the EU external labour migration policy and aims at facilitating this policy by setting up harmonised conditions for admission, residence and work of these migrants, including the right to move and work in another Member State. This article analyses the role and meaning of the provisions in this Directive relating to the employment and social security rights of intra-corporate transferees. They are the result of cumbersome negotiations and the compromises that were reached are ambiguously and inconsistently formulated. First, this article will highlight the relevance of the worker’s employment position for determining the scope of this Directive. Next, it will analyse the role of employment and social security rights in the implementation of the Directive by the Member States. These rights are relevant as criteria for admission, as grounds for rejection of an application, as grounds for withdrawal or non-renewal of an ICT permit and as conditions for short-term and long-term mobility within the EU. Subsequently, this article will scrutinise, in detail, the provisions of Article 18 of the Directive which guarantee equal treatment with the nationals of the host State in respect of employment and social security rights. Special attention will be paid to the interrelationship of this Directive with other EU legal instruments such as the Posting of Workers Directive, the Rome I Regulation and social security Regulation 883/2004. It concludes that the complicated and contradictorily worded provisions on employment and social security rights in this Directive reflect the ambiguity in the perception of the status of this type of migrant worker coming from a third country: are they to be considered as temporary workers or do they really participate in the labour market of the host Member States?
Multidiscipunary Management of Hypodontia
Authors: O'Sullivan Michael , O'Connell Brian C
Published: October 2020

Patients with hypodontia require a wide range of treatment, ranging from single tooth replacement to the restoration of multiple edentulous spaces in both arches. Treatment should involve an interdisciplinary team, as no dental speciality possesses the range of expertise required to optimally treat this patient population. This paper presents principles of treatment, key factors of assessment and multidisciplinary approaches to management of the hypodontia patient, including contributions from conservative dentistry.
Effects of meaning in life and of work on health in unemployment
Authors: Thill Steve , Houssemand Claude , Pignault Anne
Published: October 2020

In line with the meaning making theory, people experience a discrepancy when their appraised meaning of a situation is in conflict with their general meaning framework. We wanted to replicate this result in the context of unemployment. Heren the meaning of work and meaning in life influenced the perception of unemployment and consequently had an impact on mental health. This study points to new ways of thinking about unemployment and career transitions. Whereas the COVID-19-induced economic crisis will see millions of people losing their jobs, these results could assist counselors in helping unemployed people better understand the experiences they are going through.
Independent Predictors of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients Undergoing Reconstructive Breast Cancer Surgery
Authors: Castaldi Maria , George Geena , Stoller Christy , Parsikia Afshin , McNelis John
Published: October 2020

Introduction:

Breast cancer is a hypercoagulable state and predisposes patients to venous thromboembolism (VTE). We sought to determine independent risk factors for VTE post-surgical treatment for breast cancer using a national risk adjusted database.

Methods:

Participant Use Data Files in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2012 to 2016 were studied. Female patients with invasive and in situ breast cancer that underwent either mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction, autologous or implant-based, or lumpectomy were identified with current procedural terminology and International Classification of Diseases-9 codes. Venous thromboembolism was defined as occurrence of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. Non-VTE and VTE groups were compared and statistical differences were addressed through propensity score weighting. The balance of the model was checked with comparing standardized differences before and after weighting. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine independent predictors of VTE.

Results:

A total of 137 449 procedures were identified. After applying exclusion criteria, 40 986 lumpectomies and 35 909 mastectomies remained for the analysis (n = 76 895). Venous thromboembolism was found in 172/76 895 patients (0.2%). In the weighted data set, mastectomy, BMI> 35 and length of stay >3 days were predictors of VTE. The greatest odds ratio (OR) was observed with mastectomy with immediate autologous breast reconstruction (OR = 8.792, P < .001; 95% CI: 3.618-21.367).

Conclusion:

Autologous breast reconstruction was associated with highest risk of VTE. Hospital LOS >3 days, BMI >35, and general anesthesia also increase odds of developing VTE. These variables are predisposing factors that need to be considered in patients undergoing surgical treatment for breast cancer.
Patellar Tendon Imbrication Is a Safe and Efficacious Technique to Shorten the Patellar Tendon in Patients With Patella Alta
Authors: Patel Ronak M. , Gombosh Michael , Polster Joshua , Andrish Jack
Published: October 2020

Background:

Patella alta has been noted to be a risk factor for recurrent patellar instability.

Purpose:

We conducted a radiographic study to determine whether a patellar tendon imbrication technique normalizes patellar height as well as whether the shortened length is maintained at a minimum 2-year follow-up.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A total of 54 consecutive patients were identified after a retrospective chart review was performed on patients who underwent patellar tendon imbrication between 2008 and 2013. Preoperative, 3 weeks postoperative, and minimum 2 years postoperative lateral radiographs were analyzed using Insall-Salvati (IS), Blackburne-Peel (BP), and Caton-Deschamps (CD) indices to determine the amount of shortening that was achieved after the procedure and to what degree that shortening was maintained at a minimum 2-year follow-up.

Results:

A total of 27 patients (32 knees) completed a minimum 2-year follow-up. The mean patellar tendon length preoperatively was 6.1 cm (range, 5-8 cm). At 3 weeks and 2 years, the mean tendon lengths were 5.1 and 5.2 cm, respectively. Thus, the mean ± SD change in patellar tendon length from preoperative to 3 weeks postoperative was 0.97 ± 0.67 cm. IS, BP, and CD ratios had minimal change (loss of correction) from 3-week to 2-year follow-up; the delta values were 0.04, –0.03, and 0.09, respectively. There were no complications directly related to the technique.

Conclusion:

Patellar tendon imbrication is a safe and effective procedure to correct patella alta in the setting of lateral patellar instability. On average, the technique allowed 1 cm of patellar tendon shortening and maintained the correction at a minimum 2-year follow-up. In the skeletally immature patient, this technique allows correction of patella alta by avoidance of a tibial tuberosity osteotomy.
Reconsidering ‘Ties’: The Sociotechnical Job Search Network
Authors: Piercy Cameron W. , Lee Sun Kyong (Sunny)
Published: October 2020

This study explored how job seekers perceived human and technological sources in their sociotechnical ego-networks. United States residents ( N = 285) who had sought jobs in the past 2 years responded to questions about their perceptions of sources used during the job search (n = 1297). Participants rated each source they used across a variety of perceived attributes. We measured tie strength using an amalgam of frequency of interaction and closeness, and strong tie sources included humans contacted online and in-person as well as websites. In contrast, the weakest tie sources were direct online application, employment agencies, and career events. Results showed a newly developed perceived bridging scale, social support, ease of access, and homophily were all positively related to tie strength. Influence was negatively related to tie strength. Information quality was not related to tie strength. We discuss implications for network and job search research, theory, and practice.
A Survey of Patient Perspectives on Approach to Health Care: Focus on Physician Competency and Compassion
Authors: Heinze Kevin , Suwanabol Pasithorn A , Vitous C Ann , Abrahamse Paul , Gibson Kristen , Lansing Bonnie , Mody Lona
Published: October 2020

We conducted a cross-sectional, survey study of 764 volunteers to gain insight into patients’ perceptions of physician qualities of compassion and competence. Among 651 (85% response rate) survey participants, mean age was 52.4 (SD 21.4) years, 70.8% (n = 458) were female, and 84% (n = 539) identified as white. Predictors of compassion over competence included female gender (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.04-1.89) and whether the respondent had a personal connection to the vignette (aOR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.0-1.53). Thematic analysis demonstrated that preferences were influenced by: (a) explicit beliefs regarding the value of physician compassion and physician competence; (b) impact of emotional and mental health on medical experiences; (c) the type and frequency of health care exposure; and (d) perceived role of the physician in various clinical vignettes. Patients had wide-ranging, complex opinions on the qualities they valued in their physicians. These findings suggest that patients are engaged and can provide critical thoughtful feedback on the practice and delivery of health care.
Managing a Craft Brewery: Competitive, Legal, and Environmental Forces
Authors: Craig Christopher A.
Published: October 2020

The number of craft breweries and the volume of beer they produce continue to increase in the United States. Small entrepreneurial craft brewery businesses produce limited quantities of specialty beer, also known as craft beer. As of 2018 the state of Montana had the second most craft breweries per capita in the United States. In addition to competitive industry forces, legal and environmental forces are two of the most salient concerns for craft brewery businesses in Montana and throughout the United States. A case study about Montana Hop Brew, a Montana-based craft brewery, is presented. The case highlights the entrepreneurial nature of small craft breweries and describes competitive industry, legal, and environmental forces that Montana Hop Brew faces. Teaching notes complete with learning objectives, required and supplemental readings, a student exercise, and discussion questions are available to assist with delivering the case.
Correction to: Social marketing interventions to promote physical activity among 60 years and older: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Goethals Luc , Barth Nathalie , Hupin David , Mulvey Michael S. , Roche Frederic , Gallopel-Morvan Karine , Bongue Bienvenu
Published: October 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Lung function in obese children and adolescents without respiratory disease: a systematic review
Authors: Ferreira Mariana Simões , Marson Fernando Augusto Lima , Wolf Vaneza Lira Waldow , Ribeiro José Dirceu , Mendes Roberto Teixeira
Published: October 2020

Background

Obesity in children and adolescents is associated with increased morbidity and mortality due to multisystemic impairment, including deleterious changes in lung function, which are poorly understood.

Objectives

To perform a systematic review to assess lung function in children and adolescents affected by obesity and to verify the presence of pulmonary changes due to obesity in individuals without previous or current respiratory diseases.

Methods

A systematic search was performed in the MEDLINE-PubMed (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), Embase (Excerpta Medica Database) and VHL (Virtual Health Library/Brazil) databases using the terms “Lung Function” and “Pediatric Obesity” and their corresponding synonyms in each database. A period of 10 years was considered, starting in February/2008. After the application of the filters, 33 articles were selected. Using the PICOS strategy, the following information was achieved: (Patient) children and adolescents; (Intervention/exposure) obesity; (Control) healthy children and adolescents; (Outcome) pulmonary function alterations; (Studies) randomized controlled trial, longitudinal studies (prospective and retrospective studies), cross-over studies and cross-sectional studies.

Results

Articles from 18 countries were included. Spirometry was the most widely used tool to assess lung function. There was high variability in lung function values, with a trend towards reduced lung function markers (FEV1/FVC, FRC, ERV and RV) in obese children and adolescents.

Conclusion

Lung function, measured by several tools, shows numerous markers with contradictory alterations. Differences concerning the reported results of lung function do not allow us to reach a consensus on lung function changes in children and adolescents with obesity, highlighting the need for more publications on this topic with a standardized methodology.
Conceptualising characteristics of resources withdrawal from medical services: a systematic qualitative synthesis
Authors: Embrett Mark , Randall Glen E. , Lavis John N. , Dion Michelle L.
Published: October 2020

Background

Terms used to describe government-led resource withdrawal from ineffective and unsafe medical services, including ‘rationing’ and ‘disinvestment’, have tended to be used interchangeably, despite having distinct characteristics. This lack of descriptive precision for arguably distinct terms contributes to the obscurity that hinders effective communication and the achievement of evidence-based decision-making. The objectives of this study are to (1) identify the various terms used to describe resource withdrawal and (2) propose definitions for the key or foundational terms, which includes a clear description of the unique characteristics of each.

Methods

This is a systematic qualitative synthesis of characteristics and terms found through a search of the academic and grey literature. This approach involved identifying commonly used resource withdrawal terms, extracting data about resource withdrawal characteristics associated with each term and conducting a comparative analysis by categorising elements as antecedents, attributes or outcomes.

Results

Findings from an analysis of 106 documents demonstrated that terms used to describe resource withdrawal are inconsistently defined and applied. The characteristics associated with these terms, mainly antecedents and attributes, are used interchangeably by many authors but are differentiated by others. Our analysis resulted in the development of a framework that organises these characteristics to demonstrate the unique attributes associated with each term. To enhance precision, these terms were classified as either policy options or patient health outcomes and refined definitions for rationing and disinvestment were developed. Rationing was defined as resource withdrawal that denies, on average, patient health benefits. Disinvestment was defined as resource withdrawal that results in, on average, improved or no change in health benefits.

Conclusion

Agreement on the definition of various resource withdrawal terms and their key characteristics is required for transparent government decision-making regarding medical service withdrawal. This systematic qualitative synthesis presents the proposed definitions of resource withdrawal terms that will promote consistency, benefit public policy dialogue and enhance the policy-making process for health systems.