bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Pendekatan Konstektual dalam Pembelajaran Matematika Materi Nilai Tempat Puluhan dan Satuan pada Siswa Kelas I Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Nazaruddin Nazaruddin
Published: April 2024

Mutu dan efektifitas pendidikan merupakan permasalahan yang sangat komplek dan multi dimensional. Mutu pendidikan itu sendiri perlu ditingkatkan sehingga tidak tertinggal dengan kemajuan zaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar Matematika tentang nilai tempat puluhan dan satuan melalui pendekatan kontekstual pada siswa kelas I SD N 007 Rambah Hilir  Kecamatan Rambah Hilir Kabupaten Rokan Hulu. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian penelitian tindakan kelas dilaksanakan dengan pola tindakan kelas. Dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus dalam rangkaian kegiatan pembelajaran. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas I Semester II tahun pelajaran 2021/2022 di SD N 007 Rambah Hilir  Kecamatan Rambah Hilir Kabupaten Rokan Hulu sebanyak 23 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data, menggunakan observasi, dan tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pemahaman siswa siswa menunjukkan perolehan pada kondisi awal hanya 4 siswa atau 57,39%, naik menjadi 10 siswa atau 43,48% pada siklus pertama, dan 95,65% atau 22 siswa pada siklus kedua. Kesimpulan penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa penerapan pendekatan kontekstual dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa
Bela Negara sebagai Tonggak Peradaban Jiwa Patriotisme Generasi Muda Era 5.0
Authors: Syafi’i Imam , Naimah Izzatun , Ardiansyah M Fahmi , Rif’ah Sirli Nailatur
Published: April 2024

Bela Negara sebagai tonggak peradaban jiwa patriotisme merupakan teori yang sangat subtansial di era 5.0, di mana generasi muda mempunyai kapasitas alternatif dalam menghadapi tantangan masa depan. Tujuan dalam penulisan artikel guna membentuk generasi muda yang bisa diandalkan untuk menjadi pemasok perubahan, baik di jenjang teritorial maupun universal. Metode penelitian ini dengan menggunakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, dianalisis dengan berbagai konsep yang dijadikan sebagai referensi untuk menanggulangi permasalahan yang sedang diteliti. Era 5.0 dibuktikan oleh kemajuan teknologi yang ekspres dan transfigurasi sosial yang mendalam. Pada konteks ini, bela negara menjadi important foundation dalam menegakkan jiwa patriotisme pada generasi muda. Pendidikan mempunyai peran urgent dalam menciptakan jiwa patriotisme generasi muda. Selain itu, pelatihan skill, kepemimpinan, dan selfdevelopment harus menjadi bagian dari pendidikan bela negara. Generasi muda perlu memiliki kognisi yang otentik terhadap dampak media sosial dan keahlian digital dalam membangun impresi, tindakan, dan respons terkait dengan Bela Negara dan patriotism, melalui pengetahuan, konstribusi aktif, dan ekpansi moral, generasi muda akan menjadi antusiasme yang mampu menghadapi tantangan masa depan dan menjaga keberlanjutan peradaban jiwa patriotisme. Oleh karena itu, sebagai tonggak peradaban jiwa patriotisme generasi 5.0, bela negara memiliki tujuan penting untuk membangun generasi muda yang tangguh, bertanggung jawab, dan sangat berkomitmen terhadap negara.
Analisis Dimensi Profil Pelajar Pancasila dalam Film Pendek Berbahasa Inggris
Authors: Pabur Herminus Efrando , Ali Muhammad Ilham , Husain Sabrina Wardatul Jannah
Published: April 2024

Profil Pelajar Pancasila memiliki 6 dimensi penting yang mejadi bagian integral pada semua muatan pelajaran di berbagai tingkatan pendidikan, termasuk pada muatan pelajaran Bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini disusun untuk menganalisis dimensi Profil Pelajar Pancasila dalam film pendek berbahasa Inggris. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan implikasi dari dimensi Profil Pelajar Pancasila dalam film pendek berbahasa Inggris bagi pembelajaran bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini disusun menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik menyimak dan mencatat sebagai teknik pengumpulan datanya. Sumber data primer dalam penelitian adalah 3 film pendek berbahasa Inggris yang ada di YouTube. Data primer juga didukung oleh penggunaan data sekunder. Data yang dierpoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik anlisis tekstual (textual analysis). Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa ketiga film berbahasa Inggris dalam peneliti ini mengandung 6 dimensi Profil Pelajar Pancasila: 1) beriman, bertaqwa kepada Tuhan dan berakhlak mulia; 2) berkebinekaan global; 3) gotong royong; 4) mandiri; 5) bernalar kritis; 6) kreatif. Dimensi tersebut direpresentasikan melaui adegan, dialog dan latar dalam film pendek tersebut. Penggunaan film pendek dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris bukan hanya sebagai media pembelajaran yang mengajarkan muatan materi pembelajaran tapi juga sebagai media yang megintegrasikan 6 dimensi Profil Pelajar Pancasila.
Kesiapan Guru Kimia dalam Mengimplementasikan Kurikulum Merdeka di SMA
Authors: Hanifa Elsa , Hairida Hairida , Rasmawan Rahmat , Masriani Masriani , Lestari Ira
Published: April 2024

Kurikulum memainkan peran penting sebagai pedoman untuk pembelajaran. Gagasan kurikulum merdeka merupakan inovasi kurikulum yang dirancang oleh pemerintah dalam menyiapkan sumber daya manusia di bidang pendidikan. Guru berperan penting dalam pengawasan agar materi pembelajaran yang berkaitan dengan penguatan karakter sesuai dengan tujuan kurikulum merdeka ini. Pergantian kurikulum menimbulkan tantangan bagi guru untuk menjadi pelaksana kurikulum merdeka. Ada beberapa kriteria yang bisa digunakan untuk mengukur kesiapan guru untuk menerapkan kurikulum merdeka, seperti kesiapan kognitif, fisik, psikologis, dan finansial. Kesiapan guru mempengaruhi keberhasilan kurikulum karena guru selain bertindak sebagai pendidik juga sebagai pengembang kurikulum. Maka tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa siap guru kimia di SMA Negeri 9 Pontianak untuk menerapkan kurikulum merdeka. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif dan studi kasus. Dari teknik pengumpulan data yakni observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi, guru kimia di SMA Negeri 9 Pontianak masih belum mencapai tingkat pemahaman yang optimal dalam mengimplementasikan kurikulum merdeka tentang pembuatan perangkat ajar, terutama modul ajar, dan pembuatan media pembelajaran
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Kognitif Matematika Siswa Kelas 1 SD Melalui Penerapan Benda Konkret Bangun Ruang
Authors: Pratiwi Retno Dwi , Zativalen Oriza , Kharisma Ahmad Ipmawan
Published: April 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar kognitif siswa melalu penerapan benda konkret bangun ruang pada kegiatan pembelajaran. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SDN Porodeso kecamatan Sekaran kabupaten Lamongan dengan metode penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Penelitian menggunakan Teknik observasi dan tes terhadap siswa dan memperoleh informasi tentang hasil belajar siswa yang masih kurang dari KKM (Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimum) yakni sebesar 70. Peneliti melakukan analisis data dengan menggunakan Teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi dan tes terhadap siswa, serta dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa nilai siswa yang semula 3 dari 5 siswa tidak tuntas dalam materi matematika bangun ruang, kini nilai siswa tuntas secara keseluruhan. Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa benda konkret bangun ruang tersebut dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar kognitif siswa kelas 1 SDN Porordeso kecamatan Sekaran kabupaten Lamongan.  Implikasi benda konkret bangun ruang dalam pembelajaran kelas 1 SD adalah penggunaan media pembelajaran benda konkret sangat efektif dalam menentukan tingkat keberhasilan siswa dalam pembelajaran matematika bangun ruang karena siswa dapat secara langsung mengetahui bentuk bangun ruang dalam wujud yang nyata
For Assesment dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Pembelajaran Cerita Hikayat pada Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas
Authors: Putri Zahra Amelia , Rahmadayani Rahmadayani , Syamsiah Nur
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeksripsikan dan mengetahu efektivitas pembelajaran dengan pendekatan for assessment. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah Siswa kelas X. data penelitian ini berupa pemahaman atau penilaian cerita hikayat melalui pendekatan for assessment. Cerita hikayat adalah cerita lama Melayu berbentuk prosa yang berisi cerita, undang-undang, dan silsilah bersifat rekaan, keagamaan, historis, biografis, atau gabungan sifat-sifat itu. Teknik pengumpulan data yang terapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, wawancara, simak, dan catat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mengukur efektivitas pembelajaran Siswa dengan pendekatan for assessment dapat dengan mudah dipahami oleh peserta didik. Pendekatan for assessment menekankan orientasi pada pengembanagan peserta didik. Dengan pendekatan for assessment Siswa dapat lebih memahami kekuatan dan kelemahan mereka, serta memiliki control lebih besar atas pengembangan pribadi mereka.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Read, Answer, Discuss, Explan, Create terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Tingkat Tinggi
Authors: Mastina Mastina , Setyaningrum Vidya
Published: April 2024

Model pembelajaran Read, Answer, Discuss, Explan, dan Create sangat cocok dengan keadaan di Indonesia saat ini, terutama dengan keadaan guru dan peserta didik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa efektif model pembelajaran RADEC untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi pada peserta didik kelas 5 materi energi dan perubahannya di SDN 09 Pontianak Timur. Sebagai jenis penelitian kuantitatif, penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi-experiment dan menggunakan desain kontrol pretest-posttest. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa peserta didik kelas 5 materi energi dan perubahannya di SDN 09 Pontianak Timur sebelum menggunakan model pembelajaran RADEC memiliki kemampuan awal yang hampir sama. Peserta didik kelas 5 materi energi dan perubahannya di SDN 09 Pontianak Timur mengalami peningkatan keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi setelah menggunakan model pembelajaran RADEC, tetapi peningkatan ini tidak signifikan. Ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh yang signifikan dari model pembelajaran RADEC terhadap keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi peserta didik dibandingkan dengan sebelum menggunakannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran RADEC memiliki pengaruh terhadap keterampilan berpikir tinggi, tetapi tidak signifikan
Pembelajaran Keterampilan Berbicara Bahasa Arab dengan Menggunakan Pendekatan Teori Belajar Humanistik
Authors: Nuridin Nuridin , Rahman Imas Kania , Andriana Nesia
Published: April 2024

Keterampilan berbicara (maharah al-kalam) merupakan keterampilan bahasa yang paling dasar dan yang paling penting, yang harus dimiliki oleh peserta didik dalam mempelajari bahasa Arab. Pada saat ini keterampilan ini sangat dibutuhkan, ketika ingin berbicara kepada orang lain dengan menggunakan bahasa Arab. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pembelajaran keterampilan berbicara maharah al-kalam dengan menggunakan pendekatan teori belajar humanistik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan studi kepustakaan, dengan menganalisis implementasi teori belajar humanistik pada kegiatan pembelajaran keterampilan berbicara (maharah al-kalam) untuk mengajarkan dan membiasakan  berbicara bahasa Arab (maharah al-kalam) pada peserta didik. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik dokumentasi dengan mengumpulkan referensi dari berbagai sumber yang relevan ada seperti buku, artikel, artikel maupun sumber lainya yang dapat dipertanggung jawabkan.  Hasil dari penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran maharah al-kalam dengan menggunakan pendekatan teori belajar humanistik sangat efektif serta efisien, karen teori ini mengedepankan kebebasan berekspresi dan berpendapat.
Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran IPAS Berbasis HOTS pada Materi Gaya Kelas IV SD
Authors: Riputri Riputri , Dwi Hadiyanti Agnes Herlina
Published: April 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan dan mendeskripsikan kualitas modul pembelajaran IPAS berbasis HOTS pada materi gaya di sekitar kita. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah research and development (R&D). Penggembangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model ADDIE. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara, kuesioner, dan tes. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan ada dua, yakni teknik analisis data kualitatif dan teknik analisis data kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas modul pembelajaran IPAS berbasis HOTS materi gaya di sekitar kita berdasarkan hasil validasi dari 4 validator masuk dalam kategori “sangat baik” dengan penilaian skor rata-rata yang diperoleh sebesar 3,64 dari skor maksimal 4. Kuesioner tanggapan siswa menunjukkan bahwa modul pembelajaran masuk dalam kategori “sangat baik” dengan skor rata-rata yang diperoleh sebesar 3,74 dari skor maksimal 4. Hal ini, menunjukkan bahwa modul pembelajaran IPAS berbasis HOTS materi gaya di sekitar kita dapat memfasilitasi siswa dalam mempelajari gaya di sekitar kita sesuai dengan kebutuhan siswa dan modul layak untuk digunakan.
Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter Mahasiswa Vokasi Melalui Mata Kuliah Pengembangan Diri
Authors: Supardi Deni , Ambarsari Megie
Published: April 2024

Penerapan mata kuliah bermuatan karakter merupakan salah satu penguatan yang harus diterapkan pada jenjang pendidikan tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauhmana penerapan mata kuliah pengembangan diri dapat diimplementasikan pada jenjang bekerja bagi para alumni kampus vokasi ASM Ariyanti Bandung. Metode penelitian yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini melalui metode survey kepada 293 alumni ASM Ariyanti. Temuan penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa pengembangan diri yang diimplementasikan oleh para responden adalah; 1) mampu bekerjasama dalam tim dipilih oleh 58 (20%); 2) mengutamakan aspek kejujuran dalam bekerja dipilih oleh 67 (23%); 3) Bekerja keras dalam bekerja dipilih oleh 56 (19%); 4) Terampil dalam memimpin dipilih oleh 55 (9%); 5) disiplin dan mampu memanajemen waktu dipilih oleh 57 (19%). Penentu jalannya perkuliahan dengan baik tidak terlepas dari dari kehadiran dosen dan metode yang digunakan oleh dosen tersebut saat melaksanakan proses pembelajaran. Sebagaimana yang sudah diungkapakan sebelumnya bahwa pengembangan diri diterapkan oleh dosen pengampu dengan metode pembelajaran humanis yang berfokus pada individu sebagai subjek belajar yang aktif dan menghargai potensi penuh manusia dalam proses pembelajaran dengan menekankan pengembangan pribadi, emosional, dan sosial, serta memandang mereka sebagai individu yang unik dengan kebutuhan, minat, dan bakat yang berbeda.
Mechanical properties of polyester resin composition with copper (I) oxide particles
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev-KAI, Danilaev M.P. , Bobina E.A. ,   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev-KAI, Deberdeev T.R. ,   LLC "Innovation and Technology Center "Avtotor", Drobushev S.V. ,   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev-KAI, Karandashov S.A. ,   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev-KAI, Klabukov M.A. ,   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev-KAI, Kuklin V.A. ,   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev-KAI, Faizullin K.V. ,   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev-KAI
Published: April 2024

The mechanical properties of polyester resin composition with copper (I) oxide dispersed filler particles (non capsulated, capsulated by polylactide, and dissolved by the resin components) are considered in that paper. It was showing that a capsulated filler particle has better interaction with polymer matrix than non capsulated particles. So, the tensile strength and hardness of PCM are increasing, but ultimate deformation is decreasing. The strength characteristics of PCM with partial dissolution of copper (I) oxide particles by the components of the polyester resin was decrease. The density of the polymer binder network due to the loss of styrene, as well as the formation of complexes of copper salts are the cause of strength characteristics decrease.
Manuel Ancizar Basterra (1811—1882) — Colombian educator and humanist
Authors: Ivkina Liudmila
Published: April 2024

Manuel Ancizar Basterra belonged to a galaxy of prominent liberal figures in Colombia, an intellectual elite who played an important role in transforming the socioeconomic and political life of the country in the era of the liberal revolution of the mid-19th century. His activities were multifaceted: a politician and a public figure, a diplomat and a scientist, a journalist and a publisher, a costumbrist writer, a mason and a lawyer. But above all, he was a humanist and educator who devoted his life to Colombia, where, being of Spanish origin, he was born, and which became his real homeland. In 2015 UNESCO, within the framework of the World Heritage Program, has granted the private archive of M. Anrizar the status of a documentary heritage of mankind. In this work, for the first time in Russian historiography, an attempt is made to trace the main stages of M. Ancizar’s life, to assess his contribution to the development of publishing, participation in the Chorographic expedition (1850-1859), his activities as rector of the National University.
The Russian Empire’s policy toward German colonists in the early 19 century: rules for admission and settlement
Authors: Malyshkina Elena , Kolesnikov Ilya , Nikulina Elena , Petrova Sofya
Published: April 2024

The authors substantiate the idea that the joint struggle of the Russian-German politicians and the military became one of the factors in the defeat of Napoleon. The article analyzes the measures taken by the Russian authorities aimed at organizing the resettlement sentiments of German peasants at the time of the aggravation of the international situation at the beginning of the 19th century. The article focuses on the policy of the Russian Empire regarding the colonists, as a result of which there have been changes in approaches to determining their qualitative composition, rules for admission and placement.
Examining the longitudinal associations between individual differences and mental health in adolescence and young adulthood: Results from a UK birth cohort study
Authors: Bhardwaj Tapasya , Morgan Jimmy , Major-Smith Daniel , Halstead Isaac
Published: April 2024

Introduction: With the rising global burden of mental health issues – namely depression and anxiety – particularly among adolescents and young adults, it is crucial to investigate the factors that influence the development of these mental health outcomes over the life course. Here, we explored the associations between individual differences – personality and cognitive ability – in adolescence with mental health problems in later adolescence and young adulthood using longitudinal data from a UK birth cohort study (the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children; ALSPAC). Methods: Personality was measured at age 13 using the ‘Big-5’ personality questionnaire, with cognitive ability assessed at age 15 via the Weschler abbreviated scale of intelligence. ICD-10 classifications for mild depression and generalised anxiety disorder were assessed at ages 17 and 24 via the computerised clinical interview schedule (revised). Results: In logistic regression models adjusted for a range of relevant sociodemographic and prior mental health confounders, higher extraversion and emotional stability scores were associated with lower rates of depression and anxiety, while higher openness to experience scores were associated with increased rates. Agreeableness, conscientiousness and cognitive ability had little-to-no association with mental health outcomes. Results were largely consistent at both ages 17 and 24, and when using multiple imputation to account for missing data and potential selection bias.Conclusion: By using a large-scale longitudinal cohort with a range of relevant confounders, these results provide further evidence that personality traits may potentially cause subsequent mental health outcomes and could be used to help identify high-risk individuals.
A numerical analysis of the impact of gas pressure and dielectric material on the generation of body force in an air gas plasma actuator
Authors: Mehrabifard Ramin
Published: April 2024

Plasma technology has undeniably revolutionized industrial processes in recent decades. Atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) has emerged as a prominent and widely applicable tool in various scientific disciplines. Notably, plasma-assisted flow control has become a subject of intense interest, particularly applying surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) plasma actuators for aerodynamic flow control. In this study, a two-dimensional model of the SDBD plasma actuator is developed using the COMSOL Multiphysics program, incorporating air gas discharge reactions with N2/O2/Ar gases in specific ratios (0.78, 0.21, 0.01). The investigation focuses on the impact of dielectric materials (mica, silica glass, quartz, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)) on plasma characteristics and body force within the plasma actuator under constant input parameters. Moreover, the study explores how variable pressure (760, 660, and 560 torr) in different applications influences plasma properties, ultimately affecting the magnitude of the body force in the plasma actuator. These findings contribute to optimizing plasma technology for flow control applications and enhance industrial efficiency and performance.
Fluctuations of the Conformal Factor As the Origin of Dark Matter
Authors: Balakrishna Bannur Shankaranarayana
Published: April 2024

The impact of fluctuations of the conformal factor of the space-time metric in a flat FLRW universe is investigated at the expectation value level, with no modifications to Einstein's equations. Starting with a description of the universe containing normal matter and cosmological constant, but devoid of any dark matter, one is naturally led to a description of its evolution involving dark matter contribution. The result can account for a makeup of the universe according to the flat $\Lambda$CDM model, or one incorporating dynamical dark energy. This may hence provide a plausible reasoning for the origin of dark matter contribution as a manifestation of conformal fluctuations.
A Unified Formula for Doppler Effect, Cosmological Redshift and a plausible explanation of Hubble Tension
Authors: Chen Qian
Published: April 2024

Although Doppler effect is a well-known phenomenon, its nature was not fully clear. Currently, many different formulas are required to describe Doppler effect in different cases, and all formulas don’t include the timing of velocity which implies they only work for constant velocities. In this paper, a general formula is mathematically derived purely from the principle of constant light speed without any other assumption. This unified formula provides a straightforward mathematical explanation of the fundamental nature of Doppler effect, Cosmological red-shift, and Cherenkov radiation. It is also supported by existing experiments and theoretically proved by Maxwell’s wave equations. This formula covers both the classical and transverse Doppler effects and applies to time-varying velocities. Furthermore, it also provides a straightforward mathematical explanation of Cherenkov radiation and Cosmological red shift. The fact that all these physical phenomena can be mathematically explained by a unified formula is interesting. Our findings reveal the intrinsic connection between these phenomena, attributing them to a common time scaling factor arising from relative motion between light source and observer. These results are just part of a new theoretical framework mathematically derived from the principle of constant light speed, named as “Asymmetry Theory”, which is comprehensive, self-consistent, and in harmony with all existing experiments. Moreover, our results suggest potential applications, including the discussion of time-varying recessional velocities in Hubble's law, which may shed new light to puzzles like “Hubble tension”.
Dual Leadership in Arts and Culture Institutions. Does It Work ?
Authors: Salvaggio Salvino A.
Published: April 2024

This brief note explores the debate surrounding the use of dual leadership models, where an executive director and an artistic director both report to the board, in the management of arts and cultural institutions, including orchestras and operas. It highlights that while the dual leadership model offers benefits such as enhanced creativity, improved decision-making, and increased organisational adaptability, it also introduces potential challenges like conflict, divergent objectives, and increased complexity in leadership dynamics. The note highlights the need for a balanced consideration of the advantages and drawbacks of both single and dual leadership models to support the blend of artistic excellence and managerial efficacy in successful arts and cultural organisations.
The Comprehensive Adversity Measure (CAM): A Measure of Early Adversity and its Severity
Authors: Schlechter Pascal , Lutz Nina Marie , Morina Nexhmedin , Grant Jon , Lochner Christine , Chamberlain Samuel , Wilkinson Paul , Fritz Jessica
Published: April 2024

Early adversity (EA) scales often display insufficient content coverage and typically assess the presence of adversity, but not its severity. To address some of these limitations, we developed the 13-item Youth and Childhood Adversity Scale. We subsequently revised and expanded the scale regarding content coverage and item wording, resulting in a 22-item version, which we here validate in one cross-sectional (N = 1498; 43.9% females; 24.42 years old, SD = 3.72, range 18-30 years) and in one longitudinal study (N = 1084; 39.6% females; 32 years old, SD = 10.49, range 18-75 years). To reflect the nature of the revised measure more accurately, it was named the Comprehensive Adversity Measure (CAM). Exploratory factor analysis suggested a one-factor model for both the presence/absence and the severity facet, which both displayed good model fit in subsequent confirmatory factor analyses. Factor models demonstrated at least scalar measurement invariance across gender and country (US/UK). Validity of the CAM was supported by significant correlations with psychological distress, depression, anxiety, substance use, posttraumatic stress symptoms, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, suicide attempts, rumination, social comparison, self-esteem, and quality of life – concurrently and prospectively. Overall, the CAM offers a psychometrically-sound, content-wise comprehensive, and free to use assessment of EA.
Still Very Much Dead and Alive: Re-reconsidering Belief in Contradictory Conspiracy Theories
Authors: Miani Alessandro , Lewandowsky Stephan
Published: April 2024

Incoherence has been considered a hallmark of belief in conspiracy theories (CTs). Previous research has assessed conspiratorial incoherence via the correlation between responses to contradictory items, with a higher correlation being seen as indicating greater incoherence. This approach has been successfully applied in many studies but nevertheless generated some skepticism, causing the literature on contradictions to be contradicting itself. Here we resolve these inconsistencies. We start by demonstrating that such correlations do not inform about the presence (nor absence) of incoherence. We propose and validate a novel way to identify incoherence from pairs of contradictory items. Applying this method, we reexamined published data from 12 studies with nearly 10,000 participants in which a measure of conspiracism, that is an individual’s propensity to accept CTs, was collected independently from belief in contradictory CTs. We found a strong link between conspiracism and incoherence (β = .70) and we established that 36.65% of conspiracy believers (vs. 3.73% of nonbelievers) endorse contradictory CTs. We also show that extreme cases of contradictory CTs (a person being dead and alive) do not eliminate contradictory endorsement. We confirm that the observed incoherence is not explainable by chance or careless responses. These results resolve the contradictions in the literature. Our method for assessing incoherence at the individual-participant level opens an opportunity for better statistical modeling of (conspiratorial) incoherence.
Limited long-term cooling effects of flood basalt emplacements
Authors: Longman Jack , Mills Benjamin , Merdith Andrew
Published: April 2024

The emplacement of large igneous provinces (LIPs) is known to have been a driver of climate change in Earth’s past, particularly during the breakup of Pangaea. However, the balance between climate warming through CO2 emission and climate cooling through increased weathering is poorly understood. To better understand the role of LIP emplacement on long-term climate change, we utilize a coupled climate-biogeochemical model which considers the holistic impact of LIPs through both degassing of CO2 and enhancement of local continental weathering rates. Of the 7 LIPs during the breakup phase of Pangea (approximately between 300 and 150 Ma), only the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) drives long-term cooling in our model, and this is a minor effect despite emplacement of a very large surface area in the humid tropics. Similarly, only the CAMP imparts a clear stepwise change in the long-term strontium isotope record whereas the other LIPs of this period do not. Due to relatively small areal extents, and emplacement often outside the tropical weathering zone, we conclude that most LIPs have no significant global cooling effect on multimillion year timescales.
Title: Perpetuation of Gender Inequalities in Households: From Culture to Cognition
Authors: Deb Angarika , Kusimova Tamara , Hominis Ohan
Published: April 2024

Though labor-force participation of women has considerably increased in industrialized societies and many households are now dual-earner, the gender imbalance in household division of labor persists. Moreover, the consensus amongst men and women is that such distributions are fair, resulting in normalization and further perpetuation of inequalities. We provide a multidisciplinary explanation, focusing on the economic, cultural and cognitive processes underlying the perpetuation of inequalities within households. The article begins with a broad, economic approach that details the role of outside options and how they impact available decisions across different subsistence communities. We then discuss the role of cultural narratives and norms in shaping internalized structures of inequality. Finally, we unify these perspectives by focusing on the cognitive mechanisms that underpin self-perception and motivated assessments of fairness within households. We end with a brief discussion on the policy significance and avenues of future work.
Why do We Need to Employ Exemplars in Moral Education? Insights from Recent Advances in Research on Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Han Hyemin
Published: April 2024

In this paper, I examine why moral exemplars are useful and even necessary in moral education despite several critiques from researchers and educators. To support my point, I review recent AI research demonstrating that exemplar-based learning is superior to rule-based learning in model performance in training neural networks, such as large language models. I particularly focus on why education aiming at promoting the development of multifaceted moral functioning can be done effectively by using exemplars, which is similar to exemplar-based learning in AI model training. Furthermore, I discuss the potential limitations and issues related to exemplar-applied moral education with findings from recent studies in AI research raising concerns about model biases and toxic outcomes. I attempt to propose ways to address the concerns regarding employing moral exemplars as well. As remedies, I suggest that autonomy-supporting deliberative and reflective learning processes should be utilized. Furthermore, based on the discussion, I examine how macroscopic socio-cultural aspects influence the effectiveness of exemplar-applied moral education. Suggestions for moral educators and future directions for research in moral education are briefly discussed.
No German Angst in German students? We tried studying anxiety in German university and high school students, but found very little
Authors: Baars Jessica , Daumiller Martin , Dietrich Julia , Holtmann Jana , Jähne Miriam F. , Kühnel Jana , Latzko Brigitte , Moeller Anne Mareike , Nguyen Thu Thuy , Rausch Andreas , Seifried Jürgen , Schmitt Antje , Stockinger Kristina , Wenker Theresa , Consortium ManyMoments , Moeller Julia
Published: April 2024

Anxiety levels are said to be at all-time highs among students in high schools and universities. Because of such previous findings, we set out to study anxiety in learning situations in eight German university lectures and one German high school. Unexpectedly, we barely found any anxiety-provoking learning situations, and even fewer students endorsing feeling anxious on average across their learning situations.Situational anxiety was measured within ongoing lessons and lectures with the experience sampling method (ESM). Eighty-seven high school students provided 1,627 ESM surveys and on average 20.76 ESM surveys per student (sample 1). One hundred and fifty-three university students provided 3,149 ESM surveys and on average 20.58 ESM surveys per student (samples 2-9). Contrary to our expectations, ratings of situational anxiety were very low during most lessons, students, and across all samples. High school students reported no or minimal anxiety in 93.0% of all learning situations. In the eight series of university lectures, feelings of anxiety were denied in 76.5% to 96.0% of all learning situations. When university students were asked to describe their feelings about their studies in their own words in open-ended text boxes, only 1% of the responses mentioned feelings of anxiety. We conclude that by using ESM, the study uncovered barely any learning situations in which German high school and university students reported feelings of anxiety. We discuss how this finding can be reconciled with the contrasting findings of other studies identifying students’ anxiety as a leading reason for mental health impairment and counseling needs.
Bugs in the system: The logic of insect farming research is flawed by unfounded assumptions
Authors: Biteau Corentin , Bry-Chevalier Tom , Crummett Dustin , Ryba Ren , St. Jules Michael
Published: April 2024

Insect farming is frequently proposed as an emerging industry that can improve the environmental and economic sustainability of the food system. However, existing research often overlooks significant challenges. In this article, we identify three bugs in the scientific literature on insect farming: 1) the overreliance on a handful of old studies when discussing environmental impacts; 2) the pervasive assumption that insect farms will utilise food waste; and 3) the reliance on theoretical price projections that do not hold up under commercial conditions. Debugging the literature will involve producing more realistic life-cycle assessments for the particular context of commercial-scale insect farming in the Global North, which will provide policymakers and industry with the data needed to make informed decisions for a truly sustainable food system.
Health as a value for рuрils and students of higher education is an object for forming an active life position of Combat Horting athletes
Authors: Dikhtiarenko Z. , Chaplyhin V. , Zhyvollovych S. , Kotsiuba S. , Khomenko V.
Published: April 2024

The scientific publication analyzed the literature related to: identification of scientific works on the categories of «health» – value for рuрils and students of higher education and «combat horting»; theoretical study of the concept of «values». Three stages of the pedagogical experiment are described (1st stage: summarization of data from literary sources from a specific research direction; 2nd stage: description of theoretical training; 3rd stage: determination of the sequence of value orientations and the place of health as a value in students and students of higher education education: the ratio of levels between respondents regarding values-goals). Table 1 presents the generalized results of the respondents regarding the values-goals: рuрils-athletes of Combat horting (9th grades (n=807) and students of higher education (n=67). And in Table 2 and Figure 1 – the generalized results of the ratio of levels between respondents regarding values-goals: рuрils-athletes of Combat Horting and students of higher education – future coaches (author: Z. Dikhtiarenko). The purpose of the study is to prove the expediency of timely teaching of theoretical material on preserving and strengthening health as a value in рuрils-athletes of Combat Horting and and students of higher education - an object for forming an active life position of Combat Horting athletes. Research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observation, calculation of the arithmetic mean, establishment of the percentage ratio between groups, M. Rokych's method «Value orientations». The experiment was supplemented with two more values-goals: a successful sports career / achieving high sports results; active life position (author: Z. Dikhtyarenko). Therefore, the defined goal of the publication was achieved, and these research results are proof of the feasibility of timely teaching of theoretical material on preserving and strengthening health as a value for pupils and students.
Education of moral and volitional qualities in student youth during the educational process
Authors: Pedorich Anatoly , Lutsenko Vitalii , Pihul Daniil
Published: April 2024

The article presents the content of education of moral and volitional qualities of student youth in the course of the educational process. It is noted that the issue of raising moral and volitional qualities in students is actualized by modern challenges and needs of Ukrainian society. Such a priority encourages teachers of higher education institutions and sports coaches to renew classes and educational activities in general. It is emphasized that the educational and training process should be aimed at solving the necessary tasks for the education of such moral-willed qualities of students as self-confidence, purposefulness, courage, discipline, self-assertion, independence, determination, moral-willed stability, including under time of physical education classes in secondary schools. To achieve the goal of this research, we used theoretical, empirical and statistical methods (self-analysis, the method of qualification analysis, questionnaires, testing, conversations and discussions, the method of pedagogical observation, competitions, quantitative and qualitative data analysis, and others). It has been established that during the education of moral and volitional qualities of student youth in the educational process, teachers should take into account the following factors: to improve student youth's knowledge, understanding and awareness of the need to educate the studied qualities; to promote versatile personality development; to educate student youth in a valuable attitude to educational activities in higher education institutions, physical culture and their own health; to form self-confidence, purposefulness, courage, discipline, self-assertion, independence, determination, resilience; to form the necessary knowledge, desire, skills, and practical experience regarding the moral and volitional qualities required for successful educational, training, and professional activities; to educate students in a conscious desire to engage in physical education; use the new content of classes, proven and modern means, forms and methods of educational work; create effective pedagogical conditions and technologies; form key components.
The principles of physical training organisation of US Army officers
Authors: Petrachkov Oleksandr , Bielikov Illia , Yarmak Olena
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the principles of physical training organization of commissioned officers of the US Army, their implementation and effectiveness in the context of ensuring a high level of combat readiness. The US Armed Forces uses advanced technologies and scientific researches to continuously improve the physical training system, which includes the use of special training programs, monitoring of physical indicators and the development of new training methods based on scientific researches. The importance of an individual approach in training process training, as well as the integration of officers' physical training, is considered. The main goal is to understand and define the most effective and modern principles that ensure the optimal physical readiness of officers to perform their combat tasks. The article contains recommendations on optimizing the process of physical training, with the aim of increasing the functional capabilities of officers and ensuring their readiness to perform combat and training tasks in various conditions. The considerable attention is paid to the individual needs and capabilities of the US Armed Forces officers. The training programs can be adapted to specific needs and capabilities of officers, ensuring an efficient and safe physical fitness process. Physical training in the US Army is based on a high level of professionalism and motivation. This is stimulated by a system of recognition and awards, career development and provision of optimal conditions for training.
The level of preparedness of military personnel for hand-to-hand combat
Authors: Rymar O. , Ivakin T. , Iarovyi M. , Tseplyaev U. , Palevych S. , Romanchuk V. , Boiarchuk O.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. In modern conditions, the military profession does not exclude activities related to the forcible detention of a criminal or aggressor. A serviceman who is proficient in hand-to-hand combat often achieves superiority over a physically stronger enemy who outnumbers him. In this case, the defenders use motor actions that, if properly directed and applied by internal and external forces, provide either a gain in strength or a gain in time. Naturally, in the process of special physical training (SPT) the issue of effective training of hand-to-hand combat techniques plays an important role in achieving a positive result in the performance of the task.
The existing practice of special physical training in higher military educational institutions of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine shows that today, in the process of cadets' SPT, the rich material accumulated by specialists in the theory and methods of physical education and sports training is not yet fully used.
The introduction of the latest technologies based on the use of hand-to-hand combat requires specialists to search for and apply innovative teaching methods and technologies, identify the most effective areas of the educational process that contribute to the achievement of a high professional level of students.
Problems of rehabilitation and recovery of military servicemen under special conditions
Authors: Trachuk Serhiy , Khmara Viktoriia , Pidleteychuk Roman , Syrotyuk Serhiy
Published: April 2024

The problem of this study is the lack of a detailed study of physical rehabilitation (help) and recovery, which is necessary for all military personnel who took and participate in combat operations. The purpose of the study is to analyze and reveal the physical rehabilitation of servicemen in Ukraine during martial law. Research methods were used in the article such as: deduction method (from general to basic in the field of physical rehabilitation research in Ukraine), analysis method (to establish existing and effective physical rehabilitation for servicemen during martial law in Ukraine), generalization method (for writing conclusions and proposals), etc. The main results of the study: the types of physical rehabilitation that military personnel undergo to restore physical health are considered.(Physical rehabilitation for military personnel during martial law includes: therapeutic physical culture, natural physical factors, hardening, therapeutic massage, manual therapy, physical therapy, mechanotherapy, occupational therapy, kinesitherapy, occupational therapy, reflexology. Conducting rehabilitation activities for military personnel has its own characteristics due to participation in combat actions that were accompanied by excessive physical and psychological stress, generating powerful combat stress, demobilized fighters, returning home, note that their psyche is not adapted to peaceful civilian lifeThe scientific novelty of the research results is due to a detailed study of the problem of rehabilitation and recovery of servicemen during martial law in Ukraine. Conclusions and suggestions: the lack of rehabilitation doctors, the lack of clear packages of services for the rehabilitation and recovery of servicemen during martial law, the lack of quick communication between military units, medical institutions and the military medical commission regarding the rehabilitation and recovery of servicemen - these are all the gaps of today. To solve existing problems, it is necessary to: stimulate doctors to study in the field of rehabilitation; legislatively regulate the possibility of releasing disabled persons who have acquired a disability or those who were already disabled and went to the front as volunteers; to create a physical and psychological rehabilitation program for each serviceman who needs rehabilitation and recovery; creation of the concept of rehabilitation of soldiers released from captivity, etc.
THE ADOPTION OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (KMS) AMONG ACADEMICIANS IN NIGERIA UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Salami Ahmed , Suhaimi Mohd Adam
Published: April 2024

This study reports the factors of adoption of KMS among academicians in Nigeria. The following four major independent variables were studied i.e. 1) Organization (Structure, Government support, Culture, and organizational infrastructure), 2) Individual (Knowledge, Personal innovativeness, experience, and attitude), 3) Management Support (training, management initiatives and management) and 4) technology (trialiability, compatibility, visibility and complexity. The study employed an explanatory quantitative method design using survey. Findings identified that individual and management support factors play a major role on the adoption of KMS in Nigeria than organizational and technological factors. Using these findings, future researchers can further verify and explore in more depth on factors for KMS adoption especially the management support and individual factors.
ASSESSMENT OF PERCEIVED BARRIERS ON ONLINE HEALTH INFORMATION SEEKING ACTIVITIES AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: CASE STUDY OF MALAYSIA
Authors: Kartiwi Mira , Munassar Fatima Hassan
Published: April 2024

Due to the overgrowth of the information over the internet, concept of information needs and seeking behaviors of various group of people has been raised and highlighted to be studied. Understanding user needs and behaviors can wipe half of the solving time in providing information-services. Information seeking behavior becomes the major issue highlighted by several researchers specially the studentsâ€™ information seeking behavior. Previous study shows that being high education learning students, it is not guaranteed their proficiency in searching skills to retrieve the proper and valid information. There are perceived barriers that inherent to how information is seek online. Hence, it is the aim of this paper to assess the potential dimensions that emerged from a number of observational items on the perceived barriers. Two important dimensions emerged from this study of perceived barriers to eHealth information seeking activities. These are, psychological and technical barriers.