bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plant-derived, nodule-specific cysteine rich peptides inhibit growth and psyllid acquisition of ‘CandidatusLiberibacter asiaticus’, the citrus Huanglongbing bacterium
Authors: Higgins Steven A. , Igwe David O. , Ramsey John S. , DeBlasio Stacy L. , Pitino Marco , Niedz Randall , Shatters Robert G. , Fleites Laura A. , Heck Michelle
Published: June 2023

Abstract

The Asian citrus psyllid,Diaphorina citri, is a vector of ‘CandidatusLiberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas), a gram-negative, obligate biotroph whose infection inCitrusspecies is associated with citrus greening disease, or Huanglongbing (HLB). Strategies to blockCLas transmission byD. citriremain the best way to prevent the spread of the disease into new citrus growing regions. However, identifying control strategies to block HLB transmission poses significant challenges, such as the discovery and delivery of antimicrobial compounds targeting the bacterium and overcoming consumer hesitancy towards accepting the treatment. Here, we computationally identified and tested a series of 20-mer nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptides (NCRs) derived from the Mediterranean legume,Medicago truncatulaGaertn. (barrelclover) to identify those peptides that could effectively prevent or reduceCLas infection in citrus leaves and/or preventCLas acquisition by the bacterium’s insect vector,D. citri. A set of NCR peptides were tested in a screening pipeline involving three distinct assays: a bacterial culture assay, aCLas-infected excised citrus leaf assay, and aCLas-infected nymph acquisition assay that includedD. citrinymphs, the only stage ofD. citri’s life-cycle that can acquireCLas leading to the development of vector competent adult insects. We demonstrate that a subset ofM. truncatula-derived NCRs inhibit bothCLas growth in citrus leaves andCLas acquisition byD. citrifromCLas-infected leaves. These findings reveal NCR peptides as a new class and source of biopesticide molecules to controlCLas for the prevention and/or treatment of HLB.
HIV-1 resistance to islatravir/tenofovir combination therapy in wild-type or NRTI resistant strains of diverse HIV-1 subtypes
Authors: Cilento Maria E. , Wen Xin , Reeve Aaron B. , Ukah Obiaara , Snyder Alexa , Carrillo Ciro M. , Smith Cole P. , Edwards Kristin , Wahoski Claudia C. , Kitzler Deborah R. , Kodama Eiichi N. , Mitsuya Hiroaki , Parniak Michael A. , Tedbury Philip R. , Sarafianos Stefan G.
Published: June 2023

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and islatravir (ISL, 4’-ethynyl-2-fluoro-2’-deoxyadensine, or MK-8591) are highly potent nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Resistance to TDF and ISL is conferred by K65R and M184V, respectively. Furthermore, K65R and M184V increase sensitivity to ISL and TDF, respectively. Therefore, these two nucleoside analogs have opposing resistance profiles and could present a high genetic barrier to resistance. To explore resistance to TDF and ISL in combination, we performed passaging experiments with HIV-1 WT, K65R, or M184V in the presence of ISL and TDF. We identified K65R, M184V, and S68G/N mutations. The mutant most resistant to ISL was S68N/M184V, yet it remained susceptible to TDF. To further confirm our cellular findings, we implemented an endogenous reverse transcriptase assay to verifyin vitropotency. To better understand the impact of these resistance mutations in the context of global infection, we determined potency of ISL and TDF against HIV subtypes A, B, C, D, and circulating recombinant forms (CRF) 01_AE and 02_AG with and without resistance mutations. In all isolates studied, we found K65R imparted hypersensitivity to ISL whereas M184V conferred resistance. We demonstrated that the S68G polymorphism can enhance fitness of drug-resistant mutants in some genetic backgrounds. Collectively, the data suggest that the opposing resistance profiles of ISL and TDF suggest that a combination of the two drugs could be a promising drug regimen for the treatment of patients infected with any HIV-1 subtype, including those who have failed 3TC/FTC-based therapies.
Endogenous oscillatory rhythms and interactive contingencies jointly influence infant attention during early infant-caregiver interaction
Authors: Phillips Emily A.M. , Goupil Louise , Whitehorn Megan , Bruce-Gardyne Emma , Csolsim Florian A. , Kaur Navsheen , Greenwood Emily , Haresign Ira Marriott , Wass Sam V.
Published: June 2023

Almost all early cognitive development takes place in social contexts. At the moment, however, we know little about the neural and micro-interactive mechanisms that support infants’ attention during social interactions. Recording EEG during naturalistic caregiver-infant interactions (N=66), we compare two different accounts. Traditional, didactic perspectives emphasise the role of the caregiver in structuring the interaction, whilst active learning models focus on motivational factors, endogenous to the infant, that guide their attention. Our results show that, already by 12-months, intrinsic cognitive processes control infants’ attention: fluctuations in endogenous oscillatory neural activity associated with changes in infant attentiveness. In comparison, infant attention was not forwards-predicted by caregiver gaze or vocal behaviours. Instead, caregivers rapidly modulated their behaviours in response to changes in infant attention and cognitive engagement, and greater reactive changes associated with longer infant attention. Our findings suggest that shared attention develops through interactive but asymmetric, infant-led processes that operate across the caregiver-child dyad.
Context-aware geometric deep learning for protein sequence design
Authors: Krapp Lucien F. , Meireles Fernando A. , Abriata Luciano A. , Peraro Matteo Dal
Published: June 2023

Protein design and engineering are evolving at an unprecedented pace leveraging the advances of deep learning. Current models nonetheless cannot natively consider non-protein entities within the design process. Here we introduce a deep learning approach based solely on a geometric transformer of atomic coordinates that predicts protein sequences from backbone scaffolds aware of the restraints imposed by diverse molecular environments. This new concept is anticipated to improve the design versatility for engineering proteins with desired functions.
TEMGYM Basic: transmission electron microscopy simulation software for teaching and training of microscope operation
Authors: Landers David , Clancy Ian , Weber Dieter , Dunin-Borkowski Rafal E. , Stewart Andrew
Published: June 2023

An interactive simulation of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) called TEMGYM Basic is developed here, which enables users to understand how to operate and control an electron beam without the need to access an instrument. TEMGYM Basic allows users to familiarize themselves with alignment procedures offline, reducing the time and money required to become a proficient TEM operator. In addition to teaching the basics of electron beam alignments, the software enables users to create bespoke microscope configurations and develop an understanding of how to operate the configurations without sitting at a microscope. TEMGYM Basic also creates static ray diagram figures for a given lens configuration. The available components include apertures, lenses, quadrupoles, deflectors and biprisms. The software design uses first-order ray transfer matrices to calculate ray paths through each electron microscope component, and the program is developed entirely in Python to facilitate compatibility with machine-learning packages for future exploration of automated control.
Experimental charge density and topological analysis of tetraaquabis(hydrogenmaleato)nickel(II): a comparison with Hirshfeld atom refinement
Authors: Pinto Camila B. , Dos Santos Leonardo H. R. , Rodrigues Bernardo L.
Published: June 2023

Experimental charge density analysis is conducted on the coordination compound tetraaquabis(hydrogenmaleato)nickel(II), which exhibits a short intramolecular hydrogen bond. Through topological analysis, the nature of Ni—O bonds is concluded to be intermediate between ionic and covalent, but mainly presenting an ionic character, while the short hydrogen bond is classified as covalent in nature. The compound was also analysed after Hirshfeld atom refinement performed usingNoSpherA2. A topological analysis was conducted on the molecular wavefunction and the results are compared with those obtained from experiment. In general, there is good agreement between the refinements, and the chemical bonds involving H atoms are in better agreement with what is expected from neutron data after HAR than they are after multipole refinement.
The effect of the interaction between autistic traits and psychotic proneness on empathy: a cross-sectional study with a non-clinical sample
Authors: Yildirim Elif
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Recent evidence indicates an improving effect of the co-occurrence of autistic traits and psychotic symptoms on social cognition, but there is no agreement on the effect of the interaction between autistic traits and psychotic proneness on empathy. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of the interaction between autistic traits and positive psychotic experiences on cognitive and affective empathy.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample consisted of 420 adults aged between 18 and 60. Assessments were administered anonymously online. Empathic abilities were evaluated by the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). While Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) was applied to measure autistic traits, The Community Assessment of Psychic Experience (CAPE) was used as a measurement of positive psychotic experiences.

Findings

A series of regression analyses showed that although AQ and CAPE scores were not correlated with cognitive-IRI, the interaction between these scores predicted cognitive-IRI scores. It was found that the personal distress subscale of IRI was significantly associated with AQ, but this relationship was moderated by CAPE scores.

Originality/value

These findings provide a different perspective on understanding social cognitive impairments in autism, which may have potential clinical implications. Findings also contribute to explaining the individual differences in empathic abilities.
The same network auditor, family business groups and earnings manipulation: an evidence from emerging market
Authors: Khan Sattar , Kamal Yasir
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to examine whether family business groups’ (FBG) having the same network auditor among their affiliates mitigates earnings manipulation (EM).

Design/methodology/approach

This paper used unbalanced panel data from the years 2010–2019. The sample of the study is composed of 327 nonfinancial listed Pakistan Stock Exchange firms, consisting of 187 FBG-affiliated firms and 140 nonaffiliated firms. The ordinary least square and generalized least square regressions have been used to check the hypothesized relationship. Furthermore, the propensity score matching technique is used to ascertain comparable companies’ features and to control the potential endogeneity problem. Finally, the results are robust to various measures of EM and FBG’ proxies.

Findings

The findings of the study show that the same network auditor is reducing EM in FBG affiliates. In addition, the BIG4 same network auditors are also instrumental in constraining EM as compared to non-BIG4 audit firms. Overall, the results of this study depict that the same network auditor in FBG’s affiliated firms significantly influences EM. These results are robust with respect to generalized least squares and the endogeneity problem.

Research limitations/implications

This research study has two important implications for the interested parties. First, although the authors find in this research study that the same network auditor is negatively associated with EM in the FBG-affiliated firms, however, FBG-affiliated firms might use opportunistically the real activity manipulation. Second, regulators highlight the change in audit partner/firm rotation, though the study findings indicate that regulators and practitioners may consider the benefits associated with the same network auditors for FBG.

Originality/value

This research study adds a new investigation to previous literature by examining the role of the same network auditors in the EM of the FBG’ affiliates. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study to bring new knowledge by investigating the role played by the same network auditors along with the BIG4 same network audit firms in constraining EM in FBG.
The impact of business models and state regulations on the accommodation sector: theory and empirical evidence from the recent pandemic
Authors: Dogru (Dr. True) Tarik , Mody Makarand Amrish , Hanks Lydia , Suess Courtney , Işık Cem , Sozen Erol
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on key performance metrics of accommodation properties by elaborating on the roles of business models (i.e. franchised, chain-managed and independent hotels, and the sharing economy) and state-level restrictions in the US.

Design/methodology/approach

The pandemic is considered a variable interference against the average daily rate, occupancy and revenue per available room, which permits the examination of the before and after effects of the pandemic. The panel data model is used to examine the effect of the recent pandemic on the accommodation sector in the USA.

Findings

The results showed that chain-managed hotels were the most adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, while independent hotels were the least adversely impacted. Interestingly, and consistent with emerging consumer needs suggested by spatial distance theory, the pandemic does not have significant negative effects on Airbnb. The adverse impact of the pandemic on hotels was exacerbated in more restrictive states, while Airbnb remained immune to regulatory differences.

Research implications

This study addresses the dearth of research on the types, roles and efficacy of business models in the accommodation industry and makes important theoretical contributions to the study of business model resilience in the accommodation industry, leveraging the resource-based theory of the firm and spatial distance theory.

Originality

The findings of this study make a significant contribution to the extant literature on the resilience of business models in the accommodation industry and have important implications for hotels, Airbnb owners, accommodation brands and destination and health policymakers. They demonstrate that a lower level of corporate control and greater flexibility in brand and operational standards allow for a more effective response to business disruptions such as a global pandemic.
When celebrity endorsements collide with social activism: exploring athlete celebrity endorsements, social issues and brand perception
Authors: Schartel Dunn Stephanie , Nisbett Gwen S.
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Celebrity endorsements are common, especially sports celebrities. Understanding the impact such celebrities' social activism statements have on the brands the celebrities are affiliated with is particularly important. This study aims to examine how consumers respond to social statements made by both companies and sports celebrities and how those reactions influence consumer perceptions of associated brands.

Design/methodology/approach

A pre-test/post-test experimental design was utilized to gather responses to pro-social messages from both athletes associated with a brand and messages directly from the brands.

Findings

Messages from celebrities were evaluated as being more important than similar messages directly from the company. Parasocial relationships between the consumer and the celebrity endorser were found to increase brand support and favorable message evaluation. While parasocial relationships did not directly influence feelings of reactance, the effects on message evaluation did lead to a decrease in reactance to pro-social messages.

Originality/value

Findings in this paper provide guidance for brands as the brands navigate pro-social messaging and determine the brands' response to endorsers making such statements. Similarly, those advocating for social causes can benefit from the authors' findings by understanding how social messages directly from celebrities are received more favorably than messages directly from the brands.
Climate (of) change: the promise and perils of technology in achieving a just transition
Authors: Monaco Salvatore
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The paper aims to contribute to the broader literature on just transition by examining the intersection of technology and justice, and identifying opportunities for bridging the gap between theory and practice. The work seeks to emphasize the importance of transformative change, which ensures that no individual, community or sector is left behind in the transition towards a sustainable future, both on a global and local scale.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper explores the potential for linking justice to the ongoing technological transition, focusing on its impacts on climate and sustainability. Drawing on various sociological, environmental and technological studies, this work examines the intersections between justice and technological change. Through a qualitative analysis of case studies and a review of literature, the article offers insights and recommendations for policymakers, practitioners and scholars involved in the pursuit of a sustainable and equitable future.

Findings

The paper concludes that balancing environmental, social and economic goals is necessary on a large scale within the framework of a “just transition”, in order to ensure that no individual, community or sector is left behind in the path to a sustainable future. This involves reflecting on sensitive issues such as competition, intellectual property, market openness, liability and fighting against inequalities. Additionally, it requires considering smart and welfare policies from a multilevel perspective.

Originality/value

The originality of this work lies in its contribution to advancing the understanding of the limitations of a technology-centric approach to climate action and the need for systemic changes. The paper emphasizes the importance of addressing social equity, policy reform and collective action in conjunction with technological transition to achieve a sustainable future. It highlights the risks of overlooking the systemic drivers of the climate crisis, such as unsustainable consumption patterns and reliance on fossil fuels, while pursuing technological solutions. Furthermore, the work emphasizes the relevance of the Sustainable Development Goals of Agenda 2030 in guiding a just transition towards sustainability.
Performance management around the world: solving the standardization vs adaptation dilemma
Authors: Aguinis Herman , Burgi-Tian Jing
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Globalization and the COVID (post) pandemic continue to pose significant challenges to managing employee performance across geographic locations because there is a need to simultaneously implement procedures that are standardized and yet applicable to different contexts. This study aims to describe five universal principles in performance management that can be adapted to specific contexts to address the performance management standardization vs adaptation dilemma.

Design/methodology/approach

Critical literature review of evidence-based recommendations for practice.

Findings

This study describe five universal principles in performance management, how they can be adapted to specific contexts around the world and actions that organizations can take to implement them: (1) cultural congruence, (2) strategic congruence, (3) performance evaluation thoroughness, (4) inclusiveness and (5) effective feedback.

Originality/value

This study provide valuable and actionable knowledge for organizations facing performance management challenges around the world.
Does green intellectual capital matter for reverse logistics competency? The role of regulatory measures
Authors: Can Saglam Yesim
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Despite its potential advantages in a wide range of environmental subjects, green intellectual capital has received scant attention in the field of reverse logistics (RL). This research focuses on exploring the relationship between significant green intellectual capital assets (namely green human capital, green relational capital, and green structural capital) and RL competency. The moderating role of regulatory measures was also hypothesized and tested.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey-based research instrument was employed to collect data and partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) based approach was utilized to test hypotheses.

Findings

The results indicate that green relational capital and green structural capital are positively associated with RL competency. Interestingly, regulatory measures are also found only to moderate the relationship between green human capital and RL competency.

Originality/value

This study extends the present literature by enhancing the knowledge of RL competency, which is a critical ingredient of the circular economy, by revealing the relation with green intellectual capital. Additionally, this study offers insights into the manufacturing industry, especially in emerging economies for academics and practitioners.
Effects of customised capacity building on employee engagement, empowerment, and learning in Ghanaian local government institutions
Authors: Annan-Prah Elizabeth C. , Andoh Raphael P.K.
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Customised capacity building is thought to be essential for organisations. However, empirical studies are lacking with respect to its effect on employee outcomes. This study aims to examine the effect of customised capacity building on employee outcomes including employee empowerment and employee engagement through employee learning in Ghanaian local government institutions.

Design/methodology/approach

Valid responses from 281 employees of Metropolitan, Municipal, and District Assemblies (MMDAs) in Ghana were collected through a survey. A structural equation model was used to analyse the data and test the hypotheses formulated.

Findings

The results showed that customised capacity building has an effect on employee learning, employee empowerment, and employee engagement. Employee learning also had an effect on employee empowerment and employee engagement. In addition, employee learning partially mediated the effect of customised capacity building on both employee empowerment and employee engagement.

Originality/value

This study is of particular relevance to public organisations. As there is a dearth of studies focusing on customised capacity building, this study provides insight into incorporating the phenomenon into public sector organisations to enhance employee learning, empowerment and engagement.
California’s cap-and-trade program: is it effective in advancing social, economic, and environmental equity?
Authors: Holliman Alvin , Collins Kimberly
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Companies affected by California’s cap-and-trade legislation are allotted certain credits for production that can be used or sold and can purchase additional credits from the state, which become a revenue source to be used for activities that reduce carbon emissions. The purpose of this paper is to investigate who ultimately pays for this program, its effectiveness in reducing carbon emissions in accordance with established goals, and the related effectiveness to advance social, economic, and environmental equity.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology used for this research is secondary data analysis, triangulating three sources: California’s Climate Change Investment Reports, 2019-2021; repositories maintained by the California High-Speed Rail Authority and the California Air Resources Board; and a review of the literature and websites from other professional sources which addressed, directly and indirectly, the topics and questions explored in the study.

Findings

Key findings include evidence of enhancing social and environmental equity but ineffectiveness in reducing carbon emissions in accordance with state goals. Furthermore, the program displays evidence of economic inequity as it demonstrates characteristics of regressive taxation and an inability of low-income persons to acquire electric vehicles due to high costs.

Originality/value

The research effort is unique in that no other academic efforts were located which attempt to examine the cap-and-trade program’s effectiveness in attaining its goals.
A framework for assessment of customary land delivery institutions: instrument development, content validity and reliability testing
Authors: Olapade Daramola Thompson , Aluko Tajudeen Bioye , Adisa Ademola Lateef , Abobarin Adewale Adebanjo
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The Customary Land Delivery Institutions (CLDIs) provide the platform for the supply of developable land in most cities in sub-Saharan African countries. While there is a need to measure the effectiveness of CLDIs to compare their performance with others or themselves over time, there is however a dearth of evidence-based frameworks that could be adopted for such an assessment. This study developed a framework for the evaluation of the effectiveness of CLDIs. This is with a view to providing a tool for measuring the performance of land governance.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 46 good governance criteria for measuring the various dimensions of CLDIs generated from the literature were transformed into a measurable scale which was validated by a panel of 16 experts through a modified Delphi approach. A pilot study was also conducted on 42 land-based professionals to assess the reliability of the framework. Content Validity Index (CVI) was calculated for relevancy scores while clarity was measured by clarity score. Cronbach alpha was also employed to measure the reliability of the framework.

Findings

The result of the 46 criteria validated by the experts revealed that 89.5% of items in the developed instrument have a content validity index (I-CVI) equal to or greater than the 0.85 threshold and a mean I-CVI of 0.90. With the CVI score and the analysis of the comments made by the experts, six items were removed from the instrument and a total of six new items were added. The final corrected instrument after a further iteration had a total of 46 items. The reliability test also revealed a Cronbach alpha score of 0.82.

Research limitations/implications

This paper provides a framework useful for developing countries, especially in the development of land delivery policies and provides a framework for the analysis of the important aspects thereof.

Originality/value

This paper demonstrates the development of a holistic framework for the assessment of CLDIs which hitherto were not in existence.
Comprehensive experimental study on mechanical properties of a structural concrete lightened by olive pomace aggregates mixed with olive mill wastewater
Authors: El Boukhari Mohamed , Merroun Ossama , Maalouf Chadi , Bogard Fabien , Kissi Benaissa
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to experimentally determine whether mechanical properties of concrete can be improved by using olive pomace aggregates (OPA) as a substitute for natural sand. Two types of OPA were tested by replacing an equivalent amount of natural sand. The first type was OPA mixed with olive mill wastewater (OMW), and the second type was OPA not mixed with OMW. For each type, two series of concrete were produced using OPA in both dry and saturated states. The percentage of partial substitution of natural sand by OPA varied from 0% to 15%.

Design/methodology/approach

The addition of OPA leads to a reduction in the dry density of hardened concrete, causing a 5.69% decrease in density when compared to the reference concrete. After 28 days, ultrasonic pulse velocity tests indicated that the resulting material is of good quality, with a velocity of 4.45 km/s. To understand the mechanism of resistance development, microstructural analysis was conducted to observe the arrangement of OPA and calcium silicate hydrates within the cementitious matrix. The analysis revealed that there is a low level of adhesion between the cement matrix and OPA at interfacial transition zone level, which was subsequently validated by further microstructural analysis.

Findings

The laboratory mechanical tests indicated that the OPCD_OPW (5) sample, containing 5% of OPA, in a dry state and mixed with OMW, demonstrated the best mechanical performance compared to the reference concrete. After 28 days of curing, this sample exhibited a compressive strength (Rc) of 25 MPa. Furthermore, it demonstrated a tensile strength of 4.61 MPa and a dynamic modulus of elasticity of 44.39 GPa, with rebound values of 27 MPa. The slump of the specimens ranged from 5 cm to 9 cm, falling within the acceptable range of consistency (Class S2). Based on these findings, the OPCD_OPW (5) formulation is considered optimal for use in concrete production.

Originality/value

This research paper provides a valuable contribution to the management of OPA and OMW (OPA_OMW) generated from the olive processing industry, which is known to have significant negative environmental impacts. The paper presents an intriguing approach to recycling these materials for use in civil engineering applications.
Acquired cutis laxa secondary to acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis: A case report and mini‐review of literature
Authors: Yamashita Aya , Fukui Tomohisa , Akasaka Eijiro , Nakajima Koji , Nakano Hajime , Sawamura Daisuke , Hamaya Tomoko
Published: June 2023

Cutis laxa presents as loose redundant skin folds and loss of dermal elastic tissue. Acquired cutis laxa (ACL) is characterized by later onset. It has been reported in association with various kinds of neutrophilic dermatoses, drugs, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune disorders. Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is usually classified as a severe cutaneous adverse reaction characterized by T cell–mediated neutrophilic inflammation. We previously reported a mild case of AGEP caused by gemcitabine in a 76‐year‐old man. Here, we report a case of ACL secondary to AGEP in this patient. He developed AGEP 8 days after gemcitabine administration. Four weeks after beginning chemotherapy, his skin had become atrophic, loose, and darkly pigmented in areas previously affected by AGEP. Histopathological examination revealed edema and perivascular lymphocytic infiltration but no neutrophilic infiltration in the upper dermis. Elastica van Gieson staining showed that the elastic fibers in all layers of the dermis were sparse and shortened. Electron microscopy showed elevated numbers of fibroblasts and altered elastic fibers with irregular surfaces. Finally, he was diagnosed with ACL secondary to AGEP. He was treated with topical corticosteroids and oral antihistamines. Skin atrophy decreased over 3 months. We summarize 36 cases (including our case) with ACL secondary to neutrophilic dermatosis. We discuss these clinical manifestations, causative neutrophilic disorders, treatments, and outcomes. The mean age of patients was 3.5 years. Five patients had an aortic lesion as systemic involvement. The most common causative neutrophilic disorders were Sweet syndrome (24 cases), followed by urticaria‐like neutrophilic dermatosis (11 cases). There were no cases of AGEP except for our case. Although treatment for ACL secondary to neutrophilic dermatosis, such as dapsone, oral prednisolone, adalimumab, and plastic surgery were reported, ACL is generally refractory and irreversible. Our patient was considered reversibly cured due to the absence of continuous neutrophil‐mediated elastolysis.
Quality of life in patients with advanced ovarian cancer after primary debulking surgery versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy: Results from the randomised SCORPION trial (NCT01461850)
Authors: Marchetti Claudia , Giannarelli Diana , Vizzielli Giuseppe , Ferrandina GabriellaM. , Tortorella Lucia , Fanfani Francesco , Costantini Barbara , Pasciuto Tina , Scambia Giovanni , Fagotti Anna
Published: June 2023

Objective

To investigate the effect of treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by interval debulking surgery (IDS), versus primary debulking surgery (PDS), on quality of life (QoL) in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).

Design

Randomised trial conducted in a single institution.

Setting

Division of Gynaecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.

Sample

Patients with stage‐IIIC/IV EOC and high tumour load.

Methods

Patients were randomised (1:1) to undergo either PDS (PDS group) or NACT followed by IDS (NACT/IDS group).

Main outcome measures

Quality‐of‐life (QoL) data, assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer core QoL questionnaire (QLQ‐C30) and ovarian cancer module (OV28); co‐primary outcomes were the QLQ‐C30 global health score at 12 months (cross‐sectional analysis) and the difference in mean QLQ‐C30 global health score over time between treatment groups (longitudinal analysis).

Results

From October 2011 to May 2016, 171 patients were enrolled (PDS = 84; NACT/IDS = 87). We observed no clinical or statistically significant difference between treatment groups in any of the QoL functioning scales at 12 months, including QLQ‐C30 global health score (NACT/IDS group vs PDS group, mean difference 4.7, 95% CI −4.99 to 14.4, p = 0.340). Over time, we found lower global health scores for those undergoing PDS than for those receiving NACT (difference in mean score 6.27, 95% CI 0.440–12.11, p = 0.035), albeit this was not clinically relevant.

Conclusions

We found no difference in global QoL related to treatment approach at 12 months, even though patients in the NACT/IDS group reported better global health scores across the 12‐month period compared with the PDS group; these findings further confirm that NACT/IDS might be a feasible option for patients unsuitable for PDS.
Use of a Fitbit‐like device in rats: Sex differences, relation to EEG sleep, and use to measure the long‐term effects of adolescent ethanol exposure
Authors: Ehlers Cindy L. , Wills Derek , Benedict Jessica , Amodeo Leslie R.
Published: June 2023

Background

Sleep difficulties and rhythm disturbances are some of the problems associated with adolescent binge drinking. Recently, animal models of alcohol‐induced insomnia have been developed. However, studies in human subjects have recently focused not only on nighttime EEG findings but also on daytime sleepiness and disrupted activity levels as typically measured by activity tracking devices such as the “Fitbit.” We sought to develop and test a Fitbit‐like device (the “FitBite”) in rats and use it to track rest‐activity cycles following adolescent alcohol exposure.

Methods

The effects of 5 weeks of adolescent ethanol vapor or control conditions were evaluated in 48 male and female Wistar rats using FitBite activity while intoxicated, and during acute (24 h post‐vapor exposure) and chronic withdrawal (4 weeks post‐vapor exposure). Data were analyzed using activity count and cosinor analyses. Fourteen rats were subsequently implanted with cortical electrodes, and data from the FitBite were compared with EEG data to determine how well the FitBite could identify sleep and activity cycles.

Results

Female rats were generally more active than males, with higher circadian rhythm amplitudes and mesors (rhythm‐adjusted means) across a 24‐h period. There were significant correlations between EEG‐estimated sleep and activity counts using the FitBite. When the rats were tested during intoxication after 4 weeks of ethanol vapor exposure, they had significantly less overall activity. Disruptions in circadian rhythm were also found with significant decreases in the circadian amplitude, mesor, and a later shift in the acrophase. At 24 h of ethanol withdrawal, rats had more episodes of activity with shorter durations during the daytime, when rats are expected to spend more of their time sleeping. This effect remained at 4 weeks following withdrawal, but circadian rhythm disruptions were no longer present.

Conclusions

A Fitbit‐like device can be successfully used in rats to assess rest‐activity cycles. Adolescent alcohol exposure produced circadian rhythm disturbances that were not observed after withdrawal. Fragmentation of ultradian rest‐activity cycles during the light period was found at 24 h and 4 weeks after withdrawal and support data demonstrating the presence of sleep disturbance long after alcohol withdrawal.
Free‐access intravenous alcohol self‐administration in social drinkers and individuals with alcohol use disorder: Evaluation of relationships with phosphatidylethanol and self‐reported alcohol consumption
Authors: Olsson Yasmin , Hodzic Kenan , Wass Caroline , Lidö Helga , Stangl Bethany L. , O'Connor Sean , Plawecki Martin H. , Ramchandani Vijay A. , Söderpalm Bo , Jerlhag Elisabet
Published: June 2023

Background

The free‐access (FA) intravenous alcohol self‐administration (IV‐ASA) paradigm is an experimental approach that can identify modulators of alcohol consumption in humans. Moreover, the outcome measures of IV‐ASA paradigms are associated with self‐reported alcohol intake using the timeline follow‐back method (TLFB). To evaluate how FA IV‐ASA reflects drinking in real life, we examined the relationship between an objective marker of recent alcohol intake, phosphatidylethanol in blood (B‐PEth), and TLFB and measures obtained during IV‐ASA in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and social drinkers (SD). We also explored the associations between these measures and gut‐brain peptides involved in AUD pathophysiology.

Methods

Thirty‐eight participants completed a laboratory session in which they self‐administered alcohol intravenously. The safety limit was 200 mg%, and main outcomes were mean and peak breath alcohol concentrations (BrAC). Blood samples were drawn prior to IV‐ASA and subjective alcohol effects were rated during the experiment.

Results

The study sample comprised 24 SD and 14 participants with DSM‐5 mild AUD. Although BrACs were not associated with B‐PEth or TLFB in the full sample or AUD subgroup, there was an association with TLFB in SD. In both subgroups, BrACs were associated with alcohol craving but with differential timing. Total ghrelin levels were higher in AUD participants than in SD.

Conclusions

No associations between B‐PEth levels and achieved BrACs were observed in the mild AUD group, the SD group, or the full sample. The ability for FA IV‐ASA to reflect recent drinking was confirmed only for TLFB in SD, whereas there were no associations within the smaller subsample of participants with mild AUD or in the full sample. Further studies that include a larger AUD sample are warranted. The association of BrACs with craving for alcohol suggests that the IV‐ASA method may be useful for assessing interventions that target craving. This could be explored by using the FA IV‐ASA model to evaluate the effects on craving of approved pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Tomodensitometric and histological age‐related changes in the normal feline middle and inner ear
Authors: Montel Charles , Arribarat Germain , Cartiaux Benjamin , Gaide Nicolas , Mogicato Giovanni
Published: June 2023

Deafness in cats may be due to acquired causes such as aging. Similar age‐related morphological changes in the cochlea have been noted in several animal species. However, little is known about the effects of age on the morphology of the middle and inner ear in cats. The aim of the present study was to compare these structures in middle‐aged and geriatric cats using computed tomography and histological morphometric analysis. Data were obtained from 28 cats, aged 3–18 years, with no hearing or neurological disorders. Computed tomography showed an increase in tympanic bulla (middle ear) volume with aging. Histological morphometric analysis revealed thickening of the basilar membrane and atrophy of the stria vascularis (inner ear) in older cats, similar to what has been observed in older humans and dogs. Nevertheless, histological procedures could be improved to provide more data for comparison with different forms of presbycusis in humans.
The impact of top management teams' faultlines on organizational transparency―Evidence from CSR initiatives
Authors: Sun Yuefan , Zhang Jidong , Han Jing , Zhang Qi
Published: June 2023

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure is becoming increasingly important in practice, yet knowledge about the antecedents of such CSR initiatives is limited. Drawing on faultline theories, we expect that the compositional attributes of top management teams, such as the level of heterogeneity, influence their decisions about CSR disclosure and reporting. Data and a sample from Chinese publicly traded companies are used to examine our hypotheses. Our results demonstrate that a top management team's faultline strength is negatively related to CSR disclosure decisions and CSR report quality. We contribute to the literature about CSR disclosure by offering specific insights, through a micro‐level analysis, about how to compose and structure top management teams to advance CSR in emerging economies such as China. Practical implications for managers and policymakers are also discussed.
Cigarette smoking is linked to an increased risk of delirium following arthroplasty in patients suffering from osteoarthritic pain
Authors: Chen Jie‐ru , Chen Jia‐qi , Hu Ji‐cheng , Huang Run‐sheng , Shen Liang , Gu Hai , Chai Xiao‐qing , Wang Di
Published: June 2023

Aims

Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common postoperative complication, and the potential relationship between cigarette smoking and POD is still unclear. The current study evaluated the relationship between preoperative smoking status in patients suffering from osteoarthritic pain and POD after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods

A total of 254 patients who had undergone unilateral TKA were enrolled between November 2021 and December 2022, with no gender limitation. Preoperatively, patients' visual analog scale (VAS) scores at rest and during movement, hospital anxiety and depression (HAD) scores, pain catastrophizing scale (PCS) scores and smoking status were collected. The primary outcome was the incidence of POD, which was evaluated by the confusion assessment method (CAM).

Results

A total of 188 patients had complete datasets for final analysis. POD was diagnosed in 41 of 188 patients (21.8%) who had complete data for analysis. The incidence of smoking was significantly higher in Group POD than in Group Non‐POD (22 of 41 patients [54%] vs. 47 of 147 patients [32%], p < 0.05). The postoperative hospital stays were also longer than those of Group Non‐POD (p < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative smoking (OR: 4.018, 95% CI: 1.158–13.947, p = 0.028) was a risk factor for the occurrence of POD in patients with TKA. The length of hospital stay was correlated with the occurrence of POD.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that patients who smoked preoperatively were at increased risk of developing POD following TKA.
The COVID‐19 pandemic has impeded cytopathology practices and hindered cancer screening and management
Authors: Huang Cheng‐Yi , Chen Chien‐Chin
Published: June 2023

The COVID‐19 pandemic has had a global impact on the environment and economy and has affected hospital administration and patient behaviour. Since human‐to‐human coronavirus transmission occurs via droplets and physical contact, health care professionals are particularly vulnerable to contracting COVID‐19. Many cytopathology laboratories updated their workflow, established new standard biosafety protocols, and built digital pathology or telescope platforms to mitigate these risks and deal with the shortage of health care personnel. The COVID‐19 pandemic also disrupted medical education—all indoor training events, including conferences, multidisciplinary tumour boards, seminars, and microscope inspections were postponed. As a result, many laboratories now use new web‐based applications and platforms to maintain educational programs and multidisciplinary tumour boards. To comply with government directives, health care facilities postponed non‐emergency surgeries, reduced the number of routine medical examinations, restricted visitor numbers, and scaled back cancer screening activities, resulting in a sharp decline in cytopathology diagnoses, cancer screening specimens, and molecular testing for cancer. Subsequent misses or delays in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer were not uncommon. This review aims to provide comprehensive summaries of the consequences of the COVID‐19 pandemic for cytopathology, particularly in terms of cancer diagnosis, workload, human resources, and molecular testing.
Improving heart failure outcomes with sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in different patient groups
Authors: Jhund Pardeep S.
Published: June 2023

Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT‐2is) were originally developed for the treatment of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes. Because of regulatory requirements to show the safety of this new class of drugs, a large randomized cardiovascular (CV) outcomes trial was completed but this showed that instead of having a neutral effect on heart failure (HF) outcomes, that these drugs could reduce HF outcomes in this population. Subsequent trials with SGLT‐2is have shown that HF hospitalizations are reduced by 30% and CV death or HF hospitalization by 21% in patients with type 2 diabetes. These findings have extended to patients with HF with reduced and mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction in whom further HF hospitalizations are reduced by 28% and CV death or HF hospitalizations reduced by 23%, and that it is becoming a central therapy for the treatment of HF. Moreover, the benefit in patients with HF is observed regardless of the presence or absence of type 2 diabetes. Similarly, in patients with chronic kidney disease and albuminuria, with and without type 2 diabetes, the benefit of SGLT‐2is is clearly seen with a 44% reduction in HF hospitalization and 25% reduction in CV death or HF hospitalization. These trials support the use of SGLT‐2is in improving HF outcomes in a broad range of patients, from those with type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease and those with pre‐existing HF regardless of ejection fraction.
Asp179 in the class A β‐lactamase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a conserved yet not essential residue due to epistasis
Authors: van Alen Ilona , Chikunova Aleksandra , van Zanten Danny B. , de Block Amber A. , Timmer Monika , Brünle Steffen , Ubbink Marcellus
Published: June 2023

Conserved residues are often considered essential for function, and substitutions in such residues are expected to have a negative influence on the properties of a protein. However, mutations in a few highly conserved residues of the β‐lactamase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, BlaC, were shown to have no or only limited negative effect on the enzyme. One such mutant, D179N, even conveyed increased ceftazidime resistance upon bacterial cells, while displaying good activity against penicillins. The crystal structures of BlaC D179N in resting state and in complex with sulbactam reveal subtle structural changes in the Ω‐loop as compared to the structure of wild‐type BlaC. Introducing this mutation in four other β‐lactamases, CTX‐M‐14, KPC‐2, NMC‐A and TEM‐1, resulted in decreased antibiotic resistance for penicillins and meropenem. The results demonstrate that the Asp in position 179 is generally essential for class A β‐lactamases but not for BlaC, which can be explained by the importance of the interaction with the side chain of Arg164 that is absent in BlaC. It is concluded that Asp179 though conserved is not essential in BlaC, as a consequence of epistasis.