bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Activation of somatostatin interneurons in the medial amygdala reverses long-term aggressive behavior associated to early-life stress in male mice
Authors: Castillo-Gómez Esther , Mañas-Ojeda Aroa , Hidalgo-Cortés José , García-Mompó Clara , Zahran Mohamed Aly , Gil-Miravet Isis , Olucha-Bordonau Francisco Eliseo , Guirado Ramón
Published: January 2024

Early postnatal development is a critical period for the configuration of neural networks that support emotional and socio-affective behaviors. In this sense, children raised in stressful environments are at high risk of developing maladaptive behaviors immediately or later in life, including anti-social and aggressive behaviors. However, the neurobiological bases of such phenomena remain poorly understood. Here we showed that, at long-term, maternal separation with early weaning (MSEW) decreased the density of somatostatin (SST) interneurons in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) of females and males, while their activity was only reduced in the medial amygdala (MeA) of males. Interestingly, this hypoactivity resulted in increased aggressivity and low social interest. To test whether the manipulation of MeASST+ interneurons was sufficient to reverse these negative behavioral outcomes, we chemogenetically expressed hM3Dq receptors in MSEW adult males. We found that the activation of MeASST+ interneurons ameliorated social interaction and reduced aggression traits. Altogether, our results highlight a role for MeASST+ neurons in the regulation of aggressivity and social interest and point to the loss of activity of these neurons as a plausible etiological mechanism linking early life stress to these maladaptive behaviors in later life.
The Dunkl-Fokker-Planck Equation in 1+1 Dimensions
Authors: Esteves Roberto Daniel Mota , Guillén Didier Ojeda , Merino Miguel Alejandro Xicoténcatl
Published: January 2024

By replacing the spatial derivative with the Dunkl derivative, we generalize the Fokker-Planck equation in (1+1) dimensions. We obtain the Dunkl-Fokker-Planck eigenvalues equation and solve it for the harmonic oscillator plus a centrifugal-type potential. Furthermore, when the drift function is odd, we reduce our results to those of the recently developed Wigner-Dunkl supersymmetry.
PACS: 02.30.Ik, 02.30.Jr, 03.65.Ge, 05.10.Gg
RETRACTED: Eye-related Quality of Life and Motor Skills in Children with Glaucoma
Authors: Zhou Zhuandi , Zhu yingting , Luo Ruiyu , Chen kezhe , Li xinyan , Guo xiaoxin , Yu Xinping , Fu Min , Zhuo Yehong , Huang Wenmin
Published: January 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
A Personalized Model Integrating Personality for Joint Dialogue Emotion Classification and Act Recognition
Authors: Ma Zhiqiang , Zhou Yutong , Xu Biqi , Lv Kai , Liu Jia
Published: January 2024

The joint dialogue emotion classification and act recognition tasks essentially involves the simultaneous classification of emotional and act labels for each utterance in a dialogue. Existing dual-tasks models can recognize emotion and act based on utterance context but overlook the interaction between discourse under the influence of personality and the correlation between dual-tasks. Utter- ances within the same personality and across different personalities exhibit explicit temporal dependencies in the past and future. However, existing models fail to explicitly address the temporal relationships in the interaction between personality and dual-tasks, resulting in a reasoning gap in the temporal corre- lation of interactions under long-term personality. In this paper, A Personalized Model Integrating Personality for Joint Dialogue Emotion Classification and Act RecognitionPEDR-GATis proposed to solve these problems.Firstly, we uti- lize personality information and label distributions to provide initial estimates in semantics, strengthening the association between local semantics guided by personality and task labels. Secondly, the model employs graph attention mech- anisms to extract global semantic temporal information and causal temporal relationships between the two tasks. Finally, PEDR-GAT, by acquiring initial local label information guided by personality and integrating personality-guided global semantic label information, introduces a common attention mechanism to maintain long-term dependencies and supplement short-term information.The experiments were conducted on three benchmark datasets: Mastodon social network (Mastodon), A Manually Labelled Multi-turn Dialogue Dataset (Dai- lyDialog), and A Large-Scale Chinese Personalized and Emotional Dialogue Dataset for Conversational AI (CPED). Compared to the baseline models, there were improvements in F1 scores for emotion classification and act recognition by 1.9% and 0.7% (Mastodon),3.3% and 1.3% (DailyDialog), and 5.3% and 2.3%(CPED), respectively. The results indicate that personality-guided semantic label acquisition enhances the association between semantics and labels, and the graph attention mechanism with personality fusion reasoning can stimulate the cognitive system’s understanding of potential causal information in abstraction.
Comparing the quality of chest compressions and providers' experiences between audio-visual and team-leader feedback: a randomised crossover study
Authors: Azhar Muhaimin Noor , Bustam Aida , Poh Khadijah , Kamarudin Anhar , Azman Asraff , Chew Keng Sheng , Zambri Aliyah
Published: January 2024

Background
High cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality is associated with better patient survival from cardiac arrest. However, CPR providers may not have an accurate perception of the depth and rate of their chest compressions (CC). Realtime feedback during resuscitation improves CPR quality compared to no feedback. Evidence comparing audio-visual feedback device (AVF) and team leader’s feedback (TLF) in improving CPR performance is limited and conflicting.
Methodology:
We performed a randomized crossover study to evaluate CC performance with AVF and TLF. Seventy participants performed CC for 1 minute on a CPR manikin connected to ZOLL R series defibrillator with CPR-sensing capability in a randomised crossover sequence. We interviewed participants to explore their perception and preference with both feedback methods.
Results
Mean CC rate was higher with AVF than with TLF (121.8 min− 1 ± 17.7 vs. 117.4 min− 1 ± 13.5, p = 0.005). There was no significant difference in proportions of participants performing CC within the recommended rate of 100–120 beats per minute between AVF and TLF (48.6% and 51.4%, p = 0.824). Overall, CC depth was below the recommended target regardless of feedback method with mean CC depth of 4.4 cm ± 0.8 in AVF and 4.3 cm ± 0.9 in TLF respectively (p = 0.479). Most participants felt that TLF was easier to follow, more motivating and preferable compared to AVF. Those who preferred TLF performed CC at rates above the recommended range with AVF compared to TLF (124.1 min− 1 ± 19.4 versus 118.2 min− 1 ± 14.9, p = 0.004).
Conclusion
A well-trained team leader is as effective as an AVF device in leading high-quality CC. CPR providers’ performance may be influenced by their preferred feedback method.
Protective effect of luteolin against cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in mice
Authors: Han Ning-xin , Wei Yu-feng , Wang Jing-han , Han Wei , Sun Qiaochu , Zhang Yixin , Luo Tianning , Zhang Wen
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of Luteolin (Lut) on Cadmium (Cd)-induced liver injury in mice. A total of 60 4-week-old male Kunming mice were randomly assigned into six groups. The mice in four groups were orally gavaged with CdCl2 (5 mg/kg b.w.) and Lut (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg) for 14 days. The results showed that Lut treatment restored body weight, liver index, liver structure and serum hepatotoxicity markers in mice compared with the Cd group. It also alleviated Cd-induced oxidative stress by restoring relevant antioxidant indices and up-regulating the expression of Nrf2 pathway-related proteins. Furthermore, Lut suppressed the mRNA expression of some inflammatory factors and the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated proteins. In addition, Lut alleviated Cd-induced apoptosis by reducing hepatic apoptotic cells and reversing the expression of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway-related proteins. These results suggest that Lut treatment attenuates Cd-induced liver injury by stimulating the Nrf2 pathway and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome and apoptosis.
Network Slicing in Software DefinedNetworking for 5G
Authors: Odida Maurice
Published: January 2024

Network slicing stands out as a crucial feature of software-defined networks (SDN), playing a pivotal role in the deployment of 5G networks amid the current era of technological advancement. This capability empowers operators to manage multiple virtual networks atop a shared physical infrastructure. Service providers can thereby segment their network resources into distinct logical networks, each tailored to meet the specific requirements of diverse users or services. As 5G deployment progresses, network function virtualization (NFV) and software-defined networking (SDN) are poised to steer the implementation of network slicing. In this review, I provide an overview of SDN in the context of 5G, exploring the role, motivation, and recent advancements in network slicing. The review further delves into the application scenarios of SDN within network slicing for 5G. The proposed architecture for network slicing in software-defined networking (SDN) for 5G networks encompasses three key usage scenarios: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), and massive machine-type communications (mMTC). Conclusively, this report outlines challenges and suggests future research directions focused on network slicing in the context of 5G.
CD38 as a therapeutic target in pediatric Burkitt’s Lymphoma: insights from a comparative approach (Running title: Targeting CD38 in pediatric Burkitt's Lymphoma)
Authors: Kläsener Kathrin , Herrmann Nadja , Håversen Liliana , Sundell Timothy , Sundqvist Martina , Lundqvist Christina , Manna Paul T. , Jonsson Charlotte A. , Visentini Marcella , Sass Diana Ljung , McGrath Sarah , Grimstad Kristoffer , Aranburu Alaitz , Mellgren Karin , Fogelstrand Linda , Forsman Huamei , Ekwall Olov , Borén Jan , Gjertsson Inger , Reth Michael , Mårtensson Inga-Lill , Camponeschi Alessandro
Published: January 2024

Background
Pediatric Burkitt's lymphoma (pBL) is the most common childhood non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma. Despite the encouraging survival rates for most children, treating cases with relapse and resistance to current therapies remains challenging. CD38, a transmembrane protein highly expressed in pBL, is a promising therapeutic target. This study investigates the effectiveness of CD38-targeting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), daratumumab (DARA) and isatuximab (ISA), in impairing crucial cellular processes and survival pathways in pBL malignant cells.
Methods
In silico analyses of pBL cell line and patient sample datasets, combined with in vitro experiments using the Ramos cell line model, were conducted to assess the impact of DARA and ISA on cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. Comparative approaches were utilized to evaluate the therapeutic potential of these mAbs, focusing on B-cell receptor signaling, calcium flux, metabolic shifts, and interaction of key proteins on the cell surface.
Results
ISA was found to be more effective than DARA in disrupting B-cell receptor signaling, reducing cellular proliferation, and inducing apoptosis. Additionally, ISA caused a significant impairment of the PI3K pathway and induced metabolic shifts in pBL cells, indicating its role in metabolic reprogramming. The study also revealed a correlation between CD38 and MYC expression levels in pBL patient samples, suggesting CD38's involvement in key oncogenic processes.
Conclusions
The study emphasizes the therapeutic potential of CD38-targeting mAbs, particularly ISA, in pBL. These findings suggest that targeting CD38 with mAbs may offer a novel approach for treating pBL, particularly in cases where patients show resistance or relapse after conventional therapies.
Targeting CaMKII-δ/DHCR24 axis is a novel strategy against acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Wu Zhaoxing , Gong Qinyuan , Li Mengyuan , Zheng Shuwen , Zhang Xuzhao , Wang Ping , Liang Yun , Xu Rongzhen
Published: January 2024

Relapse is one of the biggest challenges in treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML) due to leukemia stem/progenitor cells resisting chemotherapy, providing a cellular reservoir to form the basis for relapse. Here, we identify CaMKII-δ/DHCR24 axis as a novel therapeutic target of AML. CaMKII-δ is aberrantly activated in leukemia stem/progenitor cells of AML patients but not in normal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, and associated with high tumor burden and poor outcome. Blocking CaMKII-δ activity results in rapid apoptosis of AML stem/progenitor and bulk leukemia cells by inhibiting STAT3, CDK6 and BCL-2 that regulate viability, cell cycle and apoptosis of AML cells. Moreover, CaMKII-δ is a key regulator of DHCR24 associated with cholesterol metabolic pathway of AML. Inhibition of DHCR24 selectively suppressed the growth of leukemia stem/progenitor cells. Importantly, we demonstrated that pharmacological inhibition of CaMKII-δ/DHCR24 axis by small molecule hesperadin potently regressed AML in mouse model. These findings reveal that CaMKII-δ3/DHCR24 axis is a critical regulator that differentially regulates the survival and apoptosis of AML cells and normal HSCs. CaMKII-δ/DHCR24 axis might be a potential therapeutic target for treating AML.
Vertical differentiation and internationalization strategy
Authors: Melki Oumayma
Published: January 2024

This article deals with the choice of internationalization strategy within the framework of a vertical differentiation model. We considered two identical countries, where there are two firms producing different qualities. Each of the firms has the possibility of entering the foreign market either by foreign direct investment or by export. The choice of an internationalization strategy for each firm depends on the cost of the internationalization operation. In this work, we have shown that the firm that produces the best quality has easier access to the foreign market and that the firm that produces the poorest quality can only access the foreign market if the firm that produces the best quality has already internationalized its product.
VSV-CHIKV activates antitumor immunity by inducing pyroptosis in a melanoma model
Authors: Wu Fan , Zhan Ying , Wang Siyu , Wang Xiaoke , Hui Min , Zhang Jian , Zhang Jing , Lei Yingfeng , Yu Shibin
Published: January 2024

Melanoma is the most dangerous skin cancer due to its difficulty in treatment, high recurrence rate and metastatic ability. As a vector for oncolytic viruses (OVs), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) has been shown to be effective against malignant melanoma. However, the glycoprotein G protein of VSV has potential neurotoxicity. It has been shown that replacing glycoprotein G with E3-E2-6K-E1 of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) reduces its neurotoxicity and targets gliomas. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the oncolytic effect of recombinant VSV-CHIKV on melanoma and the underlying mechanism. In this study, we found that recombinant VSV-CHIKV triggered GSDMD-mediated melanoma cell pyroptosis. Importantly, the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD axis was activated after VSV-CHIKV infection in melanoma cell lines and in a xenograft mouse model. Inhibition of GSDMD blocked cell pyroptosis, antitumor immunity and the tumor response in response to VSV-CHIKV treatment, suggesting that VSV-CHIKV act through the GSDMD pathway. VSV-CHIKV-triggered GSDMD-mediated tumor pyroptosis recruits cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) into the tumor microenvironment, which was accompanied by the release of inflammatory mediators. This remodeled the tumor microenvironment and turned immunologically “cold” tumors into “hot” tumors, thereby sensitized these tumors to checkpoint blockade. Finally, we treated cancer using a combination therapy of VSV-CHIKV and an immune checkpoint inhibitor (anti-PD-1) and found that it prolonged the survival of mice. In conclusion, this paper reveals that the VSV-CHIKV strategy is an attractive biologic therapy against melanoma.
Viral shedding pattern of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in severely ill patients:A Prospective, Multicenter Study
Authors: Hu Li-Fen , Bian Ting-Ting , Chen Qiang , Liu Meng-Yu , Li Jia-Jia , Kong Qin-Xiang , Zhang Jian-Kang , Wu Jin , Cheng Jun , Yu Rui , Qiu Yan-Qin , Gao Yu-Feng , Chen Guo-Sheng , Ye Ying , Wu Ting , Liu Wei , Li Jia-Bin
Published: January 2024

Background.
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is spreading rapidly in Asia. The pathway of SFTS virus shedding from patient and specific use of personal protective equipments (PPEs) against viral transmission have rarely been reported.
Methods.
A multicenter cohort study was performed to determine SFTS virus (SFTSV) level from blood, throat swabs, fecal/ anal swabs, urine and bedside environment swabs of SFTS patients by qRT-PCR. PPEs were applied in healthcare workers based on the pathway of SFTSV shedding and occurrence of hemorrhagic signs in patients.
Results.
A total of 189 SFTSV-confirmed patients were included in the study, 54 patients died (case fatality rate, 28.57%). Positive SFTSV in throat swabs (T-SFTSV), fecal /anal swabs (F-SFTSV) and urine (U-SFTSV) were detected in 121 (64.02%), 91 (48.15%) and 65 (34.4%) severely ill patients, respectively. The levels of T-SFTSV, F-SFTSV and U-SFTSV were positively correlated with the load of SFTSV in blood. We firstly revealed that SFTSV positive rate of throat swabs were correlated with occurrence of pneumonia and case fatality rate of patients (P < 0.0001). Specific precaution measures were applied by healthcare workers in participating cardiopulmonary resuscitation and orotracheal intubation for severely ill patients with positive T-SFTSV, no event of SFTSV human-to-human transmission occurred after application of effective PPEs.
Conclusions.
Our research demonstrated SFTSV could shed out from blood, oropharynx, feces and urine in severely ill patients. The excretion of SFTSV from these parts was positively correlated with viral load in the blood. Effective prevention measures against SFTSV human-to-human transmission are needed.
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals cellular senescence functions as a prognostic and therapeutic indicator in meningiomas
Authors: Guo Rongzeng , Yan Changxiang , Fu Xiaojun
Published: January 2024

Meningiomas rank among the most prevalent solid tumors in the human central nervous system, exhibiting a wide spectrum of prognoses, with particularly challenging outcomes in cases of malignant meningiomas. Cellular senescence (CS) is recognized as a significant prognostic and therapeutic indicator in numerous types of tumors. However, the characterization of CS in meningiomas has remained largely unexplored. This study delves into cellular senescence (CS) as a prognostic and therapeutic factor in meningiomas, a relatively unexplored area. Using CellAge database genes, we established a CS score index. Survival analysis, employing R packages like "survival" and "survminer," identified genes with significant Recurrence-Free Survival (RFS) differences. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and Multi-scale Embedded Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (MEGENA) revealed hub genes. The Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) score assessed immunotherapy potential, while the RNAactDrug database predicted drug sensitivity. Our analysis unveiled a strong link between CS score, meningioma recurrence, and grade. Notably, we observed differential senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) expression in recurrent versus non-recurrent meningiomas. Single cell sequencing exposed distinct senescence subgroups and heterogeneity within meningioma. We also elucidated mechanisms through which CS negatively affects prognosis. TBL3, an identified hub gene, emerged as a promising prognostic factor and therapeutic target. Our study pinpointed Panobinostat and Palbociclib as potential TBL3 and CS inhibitors, potentially broadening therapeutic options, especially for malignant meningiomas. In summary, this research underscores the potential of CS as both a prognostic indicator and a target for therapeutic interventions in the context of meningiomas.
Morphology of cuticular structures in the ant genus Strumigenys (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Nelson Landin , Doucet Daniel S. , Cook Jerry
Published: January 2024

Ants in the genus Strumigenys have an assortment of structures that appear to hold environmental debris that acts as camouflage to facilitate their ability to feed on collembolans. Species use a species-specific assortment of structures with a general hair- or scale-like form. These structures can be categorized as brush hairs, which expand apically and often have peg-like extensions for greater surface area and holding ability; holding hairs, narrow cuticular structures that often have ridges and pointed extensions of the cuticle; or guard hairs, whose function may not be to hold debris but at times become covered with this material. Additionally, the sculpturing of the head often holds a coating of environmental debris. Each of the six species used in this study had a distinct pattern of these cuticular structures that are different from that of other species and can be considered to have a species-specific character. Six species of Strumigenys are studied using a scanning electron microscope.
Cancer-associated fibroblasts induced by colorectal cancer cells inhibit γδT cells killing function through the ERK/COX-2/PGE2 pathways
Authors: Xi Xueyan , Chen Ying , Deng Ting , Zhu Jinyi , Zhao Yan , Liu Shuaitong , Qiu Ke , Ke Yilei , Li Gang , Zhu Yunhe , Li Fangzhou , Yu Qingqing , Du Boyu
Published: January 2024

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a highly ordered ecosystem in which several non-malignant cell types, including immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and other cell types, are encircled by cancer cells. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is determined by the reciprocal contact between cancer cells and host cells. γδT cells represent a significant subset of the natural immune system and are vital in the battle against CRC. Yet, the ability of γδT cells to kill is limited in the CRC microenvironment. The purpose of this work is to investigate how CRC cells-induced CAFs affect γδT cells, which offers fresh perspectives on how to broaden CRC treatment approaches. The findings demonstrated that fibroblast activation, proliferation, and clone formation were induced by CRC cell culture supernatants via the ERK signaling pathway. On the basis of analyzing the correlation between γδT cells and CAFs, we further demonstrated that the generated CAFs can inhibit the killing function of γδT cells to CRC cells. In CAFs co-cultured with γδT cells, ERK inhibitors can decrease the expression levels of COX-2 and PGE2, and partially reverse the inhibition of CAFs on γδT cell killing function. According to our research, CAFs generated by CRC cells in the TME may decrease the ability of γδT cells to destroy themselves and facilitate the development of an immunosuppressive microenvironment by activating the ERK/COX-2/PGE2 pathway. They establish the groundwork for assessing how ERK inhibitors alleviate γδT cell immune suppression in the CRC microenvironment, investigating novel targets for CRC therapy, and formulating clinical CRC treatment plans.
Chemical applicability and curvilinear regression models of vertex-degree-based topological index: Elliptic Sombor index
Authors: Shanmukha M.C. , Usha A. , Kulli V.R. , Shilpa K.C.
Published: January 2024

Chemical graph theory facilitates different tools that have significant applications in drug design and development. Recently Gutman et al., introduced a novel vertex-degree-based topological index called Elliptic Sombor index and its application through geometric approach. This article focusses on chemical applicability of Elliptic Sombor index through regression models using 22 benzenoid hydrocarbons. In this process, the chemical applicability of Elliptic Sombor index with various physicochemical properties of benzenoid hydrocarbons through curvilinear regression models is carried out. The data of the statistical analysis shows that Elliptic Sombor index is potential predictive index for the property Polarizability.
A Contribution to Mega-Disaster Economics
Authors: Dulac Guillaume
Published: January 2024

Standard economic analysis stumbles on mega-disasters’ specific features. We impute these shortcomings to an invariable recourse to the expected value metric and its decoupling from discounting. We develop a two-pronged quantitative approach to address this issue: first we introduce a family of discount models (Lomax based) bridging the gap between the exponential and the hyperbolic discount models. We then define a functional, the Δ-transform, that bonds the discount model with the disaster impact underlying random variable. Key properties of the Δ-transform are displayed along with closed formula of special functions in the case of typical power law distributions suitable for modelling disasters and mega-disasters. Practical implementation challenges related to uncertainty management are discussed, along with the extent to which our approach challenges conventional wisdom on mainstream disaster economics and other situations featuring long-term horizons and high uncertainty.
Classification code ( JEL): C20, C65, D61, H43 Q54
Growth Suppression of Hybrid Bermudagrass with Imazapic
Authors: Pritchard Benjamin D. , Carroll Devon E. , Carr Tyler Q. , Breeden Gregory K. , Brosnan James T.
Published: January 2024

Imazapic is an acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicide labeled for weed control in pastures, rangeland, and noncrop areas. Field research was conducted in Knoxville, TN, USA, during 2020 and 2021 to evaluate the tolerance of four hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon × Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt Davy) cultivars to applications of imazapic for growth suppression. Separate experiments were conducted on ‘TifTuf’, ‘Tifway’, ‘Tahoma 31’, and ‘Latitude 36’ hybrid bermudagrass. Experiments included plots (1.5 m2) arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications and were repeated. Treatments were applied 14 Aug 2020 and 6 Aug 2021, and were mixed with methylated seed oil. Imazapic rates were 0, 35, 52.5, 70, or 105 g⋅ha–1. Cultivar tolerance was assessed via visual ratings of turfgrass injury relative to untreated check plots. Normalized differential vegetation index data were collected on each date turfgrass injury was evaluated. Growth suppression was quantified via reductions in dry clipping weight after mowing. Hybrid bermudagrass injury increased with imazapic rate for all cultivars, and peak injury (> 30%) following all imazapic treatments occurred within 14 days. At the lowest imazapic rate (35 g⋅ha–1), injury was transient, with all hybrid bermudagrass cultivars fully recovered by 28 days. All rates of imazapic reduced hybrid bermudagrass dry clipping weight for 21 days for all cultivars. Further research is warranted to explore lower application rates than those tested in our study, in addition to determining tolerance and growth suppression of other turfgrass species commonly managed on golf courses.
Peat Substrates Amended with Wood-based Biochar Do Not Influence the Efficacy of Paclobutrazol Drenches
Authors: Veazie Patrick , Jeong Ka Yeon , Jackson Brian , Suchoff David , Whipker Brian E.
Published: January 2024

Various soilless substrate components have been evaluated for many years to identify sustainable resources that do not negatively impact plant growth. Biochar is a carbon-based material that has been evaluated for use as an alternative aggregate in peat-based soilless substrates. In addition, the use of carbon adsorption for compound removal is widely used in groundwater remediation, municipal water filtration, and volatile organic compounds. Experiment one aimed to determine the impact of coarse biochar (<6 mm) on paclobutrazol efficacy when incorporated at 15% or 30% by volume in a peat-based substrate when compared with a perlite-amended substrate at the same incorporation volumes. In Expt. 1, a single paclobutrazol drench application of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg·L−1 was applied to ‘Princettia Red’ and ‘Princettia White’ poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima × Euphorbia cornastra). In Expt. 2, two different biochar particle sizes of coarse (<6 mm) and extra coarse (>6 mm) were examined at the same incorporation volumes as Expt. 1 and compared with a perlite-amended substrate at the same incorporation volumes. However, during Expt. 2, continual drench applications at times of irrigation of 0.0, 6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50, and 100 μg·L−1 (ppb) paclobutrazol were applied to pansy (Viola ×wittrockiana) ‘Matrix Blue Blotch’ and begonia (Begonia ×hybrida) ‘Big Red Bronze Leaf’. The efficacy of paclobutrazol drenches for controlling growth in all species was unaffected by the substrate composition regarding aggregate type or aggregate incorporation rate. Thus, even though biochar is often used for bioremediation and wastewater treatment, it did not negatively impact the efficacy of paclobutrazol drenches at the concentrations used. This research suggests that when biochar is used as an amendment to peatmoss it will not influence paclobutrazol drench efficacy when incorporated up to 30% by volume for the examined species.
Magnetoelastic effect of kimberlite host rocks (Yakutsk diamondiferous province)
Authors: Konstantinov K. M. , Tomshin M. D. , Khoroshikh M. S.
Published: January 2024

The purpose of the research is to conduct petro- and paleomagnetic studies of Early Paleozoic rocks of the carbonate basement of a number of diamond deposits in the Yakutsk diamondiferous province in order to study the changes in petrophysical parameter values in the dynamic influence zone of a kimberlite pipe. It is shown that the formation of kimberlite diatremes accompanied by pulsating explosions shifting upwards brings about thermoelastic stress fields in the kimberlite-bearing medium, which are characterized by epigenetic changes and associated petrophysical heterogeneities (petrophysical anomalies). Petromagnetic heterogeneities of burning and stress are, therefore, some of these petrophysical anomalies, within which kimberlite-bearing rocks have contrastingly changed their original magnetic characteristics under the action of thermodynamic processes. Primarily, petromagnetic anomalies are reflected in the changed nature of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility: from sedimentary to dyke geotype. In addition, petromagnetic anomalies of magnetic susceptibility can be accompanied by the formation of metachronous natural residual magnetization vectors in kimberlite host rocks. The dimensions of petromagnetic anomalies (petromagnetic heterogeneities) may significantly exceed the size of the kimberlite pipe itself, which facilitates identification and delineation of the most promising areas. Besides, the magnetoelastic effect can create zones close to the kimberlite bodies that are hardly permeable for relatively viscous, protocrystal-rich mafic magmas. This is the reason for their wedging out along petrophysical barriers that is presented by splitting into thin tongues, formation of trap-free windows and corridors, toroidal shafts with sharply increasing thickness in intrusions, etc. Having relatively elevated values of magnetic and density parameters, such forms of igneous formations will be reflected in the observed geophysical fields. Thus, it is reasonable to consider petromagnetic anomalies as an important petrophysical search criterion for the detection of bedrock kimberlite bodies.
CLOSED INTRA- ARTICULAR FRACTURES OF THE DISTAL END OF HUMERUS SURGICALLY TREATED BY TRANS- OLECRANON APPROACH USING THE CHEVRON OSTEOTOMY
Authors: Rampure Sagar , Kasnale Sushil , P. Urs Arnav
Published: January 2024

Introduction:The trans-olecranon approach has been suggested to improve the visualization of complex intra-articular distal humerus fractures.This approach involves an osteotomy of the olecranon to give better access to the distal humerus.The most commonly used technique is a distally-based chevron osteotomy as this provides greatest access and has inherent rotational stability. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of 50 patients treated at department of orthopaedics that includes newly diagnosed patients with presenting themselves in casualty and OPD, On admission of the patient after injurt,a thorough history was taken,local examination of elbow was done, Diagnosis was confirmed by radiographs Results:This procedure resulted significant correction of deformity in all the patients with adequate range of movement Conclusion: Rigid anatomical fixation and early mobilization is the key communition of fragments show increased difficulty in fixation and results in loss of movements also.
PRISE EN CHARGE THERAPEUTIQUE DES ABCES DU FOIE A PROPOS DE 40 CAS AU SERVICE DE MEDECINE INTERNE DE LHOPITAL CHEIKH ZAYED
Authors:   Hopital Militaire de Nouakchott., Ahmed Jiddou M.M. , Meimine A. Amar A.M. ,   Hopital Militaire de Nouakchott., Sidi Ahmed M. ,   Hopital Militaire de Nouakchott., Cheibetta E. ,   Hopital Militaire de Nouakchott., Aly O. ,   Hopital Cheikh Zayed de Nouakchott., Medkhouna C. ,   Hopital Cheikh Zayed de Nouakchott., Mohamedou A. ,   Hopital Cheikh Zayed de Nouakchott., Jarroullah M.Y. ,   Hopital Cheikh Zayed de Nouakchott.
Published: January 2024

Hepatic abscess is defined as a suppurative cavity related to the invasion and multiplication of microorganisms at the expense of healthy or pathological liver tissue. We report a retrospective study of 40 cases managed in the Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Pathology at CheihkZayed Hospital in Nouakchott over a period of 3 years from 1 July , 2015 to 30 June , 2018. The sex ratio is 2.3 showing a male predominance, the average age is 41.3 years. 15% had diabetes, 20% had a field of immunodepression. Ultrasound was done in all our patients, abdominal CT was done in 75% of our patients. 80% of the cases had a single abscess. 20% of cases had 2 abscesses or more. The size of abscesses varies between 3 cm and 22 cm. Etiology was hepatobiliary in 5% of patients, portal in 2.5% of patients in our series and no etiology was found in 67.5% of cases. All the cases were put under association of antibiotics, with good clinico-biological evolution. 14 patients benefited from an echo-guided drainage puncture. Four patients drained surgically, three of whom benefited from an associated gesture. The average hospital stay was 9 days, we had only one death.
THE EMERGING ROLES OF AUTOPHAGY-RELATED MICRORNAS IN PCOS
Authors:   VIJNAN Foundation for Innovation Research in Science and Technology, Udupi, Karnataka., Jacob Praveen , a Shilpa ,   John Wellness Clinic, Uliyathaduka, Kasaragod, Kerala., Kumari Suchetha ,   Department of Biochemistry, KS Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka., Johnson Manoj ,   VIJNAN Foundation for Innovation Research in Science and Technology, Udupi, Karnataka.
Published: January 2024

Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process that involves the destruction and recycling of damaged bio macromolecules or organelles via lysosomal-dependent pathways and is essential for maintaining cell homeostasis. As a result, aberrant autophagy is linked to a variety of illnesses, including PCOS, neurological diseases, and cancer. Autophagy is involved in endocrine and anovulation disorders. However, the association between hyperandrogenism and autophagy in PCOS patients human granulosa cells remains unknown. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that control gene expression at the post-transcriptional stage by silencing specific mRNA. MiRNAs offer significant regulatory potential for various essential biological processes, including autophagy. As a result, studying autophagy-related miRNAs expression in PCOS will provide insights into the disease and lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets in PCOS. We summarize current knowledge of miRNA dysregulation during autophagy in PCOS, with a focus on the link between autophagy and miRNAs, and address their role in PCOS treatment and diagnosis.
EXPLORING THE LANDSCAPE OF EXPLAINABLE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: BENEFITS, CHALLENGES, AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Agarwal Abhinav
Published: January 2024

This research paper delves into the dynamic realm of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), scrutinizing its advantages and limitations. XAI emerges as a pivotal facet in the evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) systems, emphasizing transparency to render AI systems comprehensible to humans. The primary objective of XAI is to illuminate the decision-making processes of complex AI models, offering insights into their reasoning mechanisms. Through heightened transparency, XAI aims to enhance human comprehension, instill trust in AI outcomes, and ultimately foster accountability, ethical adherence, and user confidence in AI systems. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the benefits of XAI, explores its constraints concerning individual privacy, and discusses the future perspectives of this rapidly evolving field.
A STUDY OF PERFUSION INDEX IN PRETERM AND TERM BABIES
Authors: Saikiran (M.B.B.S) Metta , Siva Manoj (M.B.B.S) Gunukula , Suma Shanthi (M.B.B.S) Alavilli , Saikiran (M.B.B.S) Metta
Published: January 2024

Background and objectives: PI is a numeric value that is obtained from the ratio between pulsatile signal, set by arterial blood flow, and non pulsatile signal generated by skin, venous blood flow, and other local issues. Perfusion index is easily applicable, non-invasive, and continuous parameter that reflects changes in the cardiac output and vasomotor tone. Objectives: 1) To establish baseline PI values in healthy term and preterm infants . 2) Correlation of PI with birth weight . 3) Comparison of PI value for normal and sick newborns in both term and preterm. Methodology: This is a prospective observational study done between August 2022 to August 2023 (12 months),with sample size of 69 . Median PI value are obtained from the average of PI values recorded at 6-second intervals for a minimum of 2 minutes, 2 times a day for a duration of 3 days.Thus PI values are obtained in both sick term and preterm babies were compared with the PI values obtained in healthy term and preterm. Results: In the present study, the mean PI was 1.32 Â± 0.82 with a range of 1.12 - 1.52. The mean perfusion index among preterm was 0.98 Â±0.49 and the term was 1.52 Â±0.91. The perfusion index was greater among term newborns compared to preterm with statistical significance. (P=0.007) Conclusion: PI values differed according to gestational age and to the presence of comorbidities, confirming that it might represent a valuable tool in the early identification of adverse outcomes in neonates.
25 years of experience in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia with tyrosine kinase inhibitors: results, opportunities, questions
Authors: Tsyba N. N. , Turkina A. G.
Published: January 2024

More than 25 years ago, the discovery of imatinib, the first ATP-competitive inhibitor of BCR::ABL1, the driving oncoprotein of chronic myeloid leukemia, revolutionized patients life by transforming a fatal condition into a chronic disease. The review analyzes data on the effectiveness of chronic myeloid leukemia therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and a number of provisions that require discussion and, possibly, revision at the present stage. The first clinical trials of imatinib, the first ATP- competitive inhibitor of BCR::ABL1, started in 1998, demonstrated extremely high therapeutic efficacy, impressively increasing the rates of relapse-free and overall survival in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. The life expectancy of the overwhelming number of patients has become comparable to the life expectancy of the main population. Over the years, the arsenal of therapeutic agents for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia has been significantly enriched: three ATP-competitive tyrosine kinase inhibitors of the 2nd generation have been created and approved for use, 2 drugs of the 3rd generation: ponatinib, and the first allosteric tyrosine kinase inhibitor asciminib have been registered for the treatment of patients with the T315I mutation. Regular cytogenetic and molecular genetic monitoring makes it possible to adequately assess the volume of the leukemic clone and is an integral part of evaluating the effectiveness of therapy, allowing to control and maintain remission in a number of patients without the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Today imatinib remains the key drug of the 1st line of therapy, at the same time, the appointment of 2nd generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the first line of therapy can lead to an earlier and deeper response. The choice of the drug for each individual patient, taking into account the best tolerability and maximum effectiveness, allows individualizing treatment and expanding the possibilities of therapy.
Сlinical case of visceral metastasis of cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Solovieva A. V. , Uryasev O. M. , Kodyakova O. V. , Bolotina M. S. , Vasin I. V. , Shurpo E. M.
Published: January 2024

Cutaneous melanoma is the most common tumor that metastasizes to the gastrointestinal tract, however, the diagnosis of visceral metastases remains difficult due to its low symptoms. Lifetime verification of melanoma metastases in the digestive tract is only 1–4%. Additional difficulties in verifying visceral melanoma metastases arise due to spontaneous regression of the primary tumor. The presented rare clinical case illustrates a variant of the course of disseminated melanoma of the skin with metastatic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, while the dissemination was preceded by spontaneous regression of melanoma of the skin. Despite the lifetime endoscopic verification of multiple visceral metastases of cutaneous myeloma, the patient’s prognosis is unfavorable. The fact of spontaneous regression of cutaneous melanoma influenced the late diagnosis of melanoma dissemination, also due to the rarity of melanoma metastasis in the mucosa of the upper digestive tract, endoscopists are not sufficiently aware of endoscopic variants of melanoma metastases. It should be noted that endoscopic diagnostic methods must necessarily be included in the examination plan of a patient with melanoma, and when dynamically monitoring patients with melanoma after treatment, it is necessary to pay attention to non-specific signs of gastrointestinal tract damage (abdominal pain, anemia). In addition, in a patient with a history of melanoma, with endoscopic detection of an unpigmented neoplasm, it should be differentiated with a possible metastatic lesion, histological and immunohistochemical examination of the biopsy should be performed.
Advisory board resolution: The role of the adjuvant atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma at high risk of recurrence following surgical resection or ablation
Authors: Breder V. V. , Pokataev I. A. , Petkau V. V. , Fedyanin M. Yu. , Ledin E. V. , Zagainov V. E. , Shapoval S. V. , Granov D. A. , Balakhnin P. V. , Kudashkin N. E. , Pogrebnyakov I. V. , Popova N. V. , Moroz E. A.
Published: January 2024

MEETING DATE: July 7, 2023

ITEMS ON THE AGENDA:

1. The role of the adjuvant atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at high risk of recurrence following surgical resection or ablation. Profile of the patient who will benefit the most from this therapy.

2. To evaluate the prospects for therapeutic options for patients with early HCC in Russia.

Liver cancer remains a public health concern globally, with an increasing trend in the number of incident cases worldwide. Early, precise diagnosis and timely treatment contribute to the improvement in overall and relapse-free survival. It is important that the entire arsenal of local treatments (resection, ablation and liver transplantation) can be applied in cases when HCC is detected at a very early and early stage of the disease. Tumour recurrence after surgical treatment or ablation is a complex and underexplored problem in the treatment of patients with HCC. Many factors that can predict the risk of relapse after surgical treatment have been described: tumour size >5 cm, >3 foci, micro- or macrovascular (Vp1-2) invasion, poor degree of tumour differentiation (G3-4). Our advisory board tried to identify the most important risk factors for early relapse, and to determine the role and impact of the results of the first positive clinical trial focused on the issue of early HCC, IMbrave050: a phase 3 trial of adjuvant atezolizumab + bevacizumab vs active surveillance in patients with HCC at high risk of disease recurrence following resection or ablatio.
Efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Lyadova M. A. , Denisova E. A. , Fedorinov D. S. , Esakov Yu. S. , Orlova A. S. , Vozniuk D. A. , Lyadov K. V. , Galkin V. N.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a form of lung cancer with high incidence and low overall survival. Immunotherapy is a promising treatment method for which the selection of optimal treatment regimens for each individual patient is important.

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with advanced NSCLC.

Materials and methods. The study included 247 patients (190 men and 57 women) aged 37 to 87 years who received ICIs as monotherapy with nivolumab (n = 58; 23.4%), pembrolizumab (n = 78; 31.6%) and atezolizumab (n = 13; 5.3%), and in the form of combination chemoimmune therapy (n = 98; 39.7%). The objective response of the tumor to treatment was recorded in the presence of partial or complete regression of the tumor. The tumor response to treatment was determined in accordance with the iRECIST criteria.

Results. Objective response was achieved in 20.6% of patients, of which 13.7% were on the first line setting, and 7% of patients were on the 2nd or more line setting. Disease control was recorded in 83.3% of patients. Patients receiving combination chemoimmune therapy had a better response to treatment than those receiving monotherapy (χ2 = 9.309; p = 0.020). Grade 3–4 immuno-related adverse events were observed only in 5 (2.02%) patients.

Conclusions. NSCLC immunotherapy allows to achieve high rates of objective response and disease control (20.6 and 83.3%, respectively), with a small number of grade 3–4 immuno-related adverse events (2.02% according to our data), which indicates an acceptable safety profile.