bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Political battles in suburbia
Authors: White Rachel S. , Evans Michael P. , Malin Joel R.
Published: February 2023

Media reports have shown suburban school officials being threatened and school board meetings erupting into chaos. Rachel S. White, Michael P. Evans, and Joel R. Malin examine whether these politically contentious experiences are occurring everywhere, or if there is something distinct about the contentiousness suburban superintendents face. Drawing on a national survey of superintendents, they asked: How do political experiences of rural, suburban, and urban superintendents differ? The results paint a bleak picture about the stresses of the superintendency, and the direct toll they have on some superintendents’ well-being. However, they also identify ways to support suburban superintendents as they face political challenges.
Loudest voices and unequal opportunities in the suburbs: A conversation with John B. Diamond
Authors: Vail Kathleen
Published: February 2023

Within racially diverse suburban high schools, an opportunity exists. Black and Latinx students do not do as well as their white peers, even as the school overall performs well. Brown sociology professor John B. Diamond has studied this phenomenon and attributes the gap to several factors, including implicit bias among teachers and administrators, and the oversized influence of white parents trying to get advantages for their children. In his book, Despite the Best Intentions: How Inequality Thrives in Good Schools, with his coauthor Amanda Lewis, they interview students, teachers, parents, administrators, and community members in a diverse suburban high school. In this Kappan interview, he discusses their research and how educators can disrupt the inequities in schools and districts.
Leading for mindfulness
Authors: Schussler Deborah L. , Krisch Karen , Mahfouz Julia , Baelen Rebecca N. , Gould Laura Feagans
Published: February 2023

In the last 15 years, mindfulness programs have become more popular in schools. However, bringing mindfulness into schools involves more than selecting a curriculum. It entails creating the conditions for mindfulness that requires a particular kind of leadership: the capacity to lead for and with mindfulness. Authors Deborah L. Schussler, Karen Krisch, Julia Mahfouz, Rebecca N. Baelen, and Laura Feagans Gould highlight common principles and practical examples from educational leaders engaging in this work and share some of the emerging research into mindfulness in education.
Stressful Life Events and Risk of Homelessness After Active Duty: An Assessment of Risk and Resilience Among Servicemembers
Authors: Montgomery Ann Elizabeth , Koh Katherine A. , King Andrew J. , O’Brien Robert , Sampson Nancy A. , Petriceks Aldis , Stein Murray B. , Ursano Robert J. , Kessler Ronald C.
Published: February 2023

Objectives:

The transition from military to civilian life may present increased exposure to various stressful life events (SLEs) that can increase the risk of homelessness (eg, loss of employment, dissolution of romantic relationships). We assessed the extent to which exposure to SLEs occurring proximal to US Army soldier transitions out of active duty was associated with risk of homelessness.

Methods:

A total of 16 589 respondents who were no longer on active duty but participated while on active duty during 2011-2014 baseline surveys completed follow-up surveys during 2016-2018 and 2018-2019. The follow-up surveys assessed SLEs and homelessness occurring in the past 12 months. We used modified Poisson regression models to evaluate how much differential SLE exposure and effects explained the aggregate association of a risk index with homelessness among a sample of 6837 respondents, weighted to represent the full sample.

Results:

More than half (n = 3510, 52.8%) of respondents reported experiencing any SLEs in the past 12 months. Most (60.5%) of the difference in prevalence of homelessness among respondents defined as being at high risk of homelessness (vs lower risk) was explained by differential exposure to, and/or effects of, these SLEs. Personal betrayal by a loved one and economic problems played the largest roles in adjusted risk differences (0.045 and 0.074, respectively).

Conclusions:

Homelessness might be reduced by gearing interventions toward soldiers at high risk of homelessness who are transitioning out of active duty to reduce exposure to and effects of modifiable SLEs on experiencing homelessness.
Ethics of Technology Practice: Beliefs and Behaviors of Certified Rehabilitation Counselors During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hartley Michael T. , Bourgeois Paul , Clarke Brian J.
Published: February 2023

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic represented a critical moment for technology use within rehabilitation counseling. This study explored trends in the beliefs and behaviors of certified rehabilitation counselors (CRCs) regarding the ethical use of technology before and during the pandemic. Specifically, this study compared two groups of CRCs regarding the degree to which they engaged in 59 technology behaviors and whether they viewed each behavior to be ethical. Overall, group comparisons suggested an increased use of telephone, videoconferencing, and email to deliver counseling, assessment, and supervision services during the pandemic. Furthermore, supervision via videoconferencing and email in the pandemic were rated as more ethically appropriate than before the pandemic. As a general trend, synchronous modes of communication such as the telephone and video conferencing were rated as more ethically appropriate than asynchronous modes such as social networking and text messaging. Indicating a high degree of congruence between beliefs and behaviors, the technology practices viewed as most ethical were used the most often. Implications address the revisions to the Code of Professional Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors regarding the ethical use of technology in rehabilitation counseling.
The Impact of Financial Literacy, Generation, and Socioeconomic Factors on Financial Risk Tolerance: An African American Study
Authors: Young John H.
Published: February 2023

Previous research that considered African Americans as a homogenous group has determined that they are reluctant to invest in equities and corporate debt bonds, resulting in lost opportunities to build wealth. This study explored financial literacy, age and generational cohort identity, and socioeconomic factors as possible limitations to African Americans’ engagement in financial markets to build wealth. Financial risk tolerance is usually measured using three basic approaches: (a) assessing investment portfolio assets; (b) assessing responses to subjective questions; and (c) assessing responses to hypothetical questions with specific scenarios. The third approach was utilized in this study by conducting a multidimensional risk analysis with a 13-item assessment that addressed the constructs of investment risk, risk comfort and experience, and speculative risk. African Americans appear to be no different from any other group of Americans when provided with education to improve their financial literacy and financial risk tolerance levels, which are critical for reaching long-term wealth goals.
From 100-Year-Old Women’s Motoring Masks to Contemporary PPE: A Socio-Political Study of Persistent Problems and Inventive Possibilities
Authors: Jungnickel Kat , May Katja
Published: February 2023

Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, personal protective equipment became central to daily news. Face masks may have been critical, but they were clearly not equally designed or distributed, compelling many health workers to make their own. These issues are neither new nor specific to health-oriented fields. We offer insights from another case of individuals taking personal protective equipment into their own hands. We analyse patents for women’s motoring face masks invented in the USA, Canada, England and France (1900–1925). Our findings suggest that women invented and wore face masks not only to drive safely, but to position themselves as legitimate motorists and as citizens with equal rights to technology, public space and resources at the turn of the last century. We propose that a study of historic motoring face masks might offer insights into persistent problems and inventive possibilities relating to contemporary personal protective equipment.
The Two Sides of Community Political Conservatism and CSR: Exploring the role of community social connectedness
Authors: Choi Tony Jaehyun , Deutsch Yuval
Published: February 2023

Despite decades of globalization, organization studies have consistently found evidence of community influences on firm behavior. In this study, we develop and test a nuanced theory on the relationship between community political conservatism and corporate social responsibility engagement by integrating social capital theory and the logic of appropriateness. We demonstrate that the influence of community political conservatism is contingent upon two types of community social capital: interfirm and cooperative social connectedness. These two types of social connectedness elicit the manifestation of two different aspects from community political conservatism: free-market and community orientations. While interfirm social connectedness enhances the negative relationship between community political conservatism and corporate social responsibility engagement, cooperative social connectedness weakens it.
The Virus and Organization Studies: A changing episteme
Authors: Riad Sally
Published: February 2023

As scholars on organization, we have been confronting the challenges of a changing episteme. The arrival of a new coronavirus and its devastating pandemic compel us to ask what the virus means for organization studies. The essay contributes to this endeavour by attending to the implication of the virus in the (re)organization of meaning and by explicating the ways in which metaphor and metonymy enable one to trace challenges in this (re)organization. In doing so, it takes inspiration from, and contributes to, the theme of (in)visibility that is central to X & Organization Studies. The multifaceted approach is rendered through “spectrographies”, texts that craft haunting experiences of epistemic fragmentation into organizational knowledge. The essay unfolds through four sessions that engage with meaning across analogy, ontology, epistemology and relationality. Each session offers a double reading of its respective dynamics. The first reading outlines challenges in the (re)organization of meaning by (re)engaging with the virus metaphor and its relevance to organization studies. The second reading approaches the virus through metonymy, a trope that is often overlooked. It contributes to organization by tracing objects and subjects through metonymies of materialization and identification. It shows how humans wrestle not only with a pathogen, but also with the self and with other people. Together, the four sessions illustrate how metaphor and metonymy alert us to epistemic disruptions and instabilities associated with the virus. Altogether, the essay contributes to organization studies by turning the interest in meaning and organization to the organization of meaning. It also extends knowledge on tropes in organization by showing how the virus is rendered more powerful through metonymy than it ever was as metaphor. For organization studies to attend to the virus effectively, it must contend with its inherent undecidability. In closing, the essay frames an agenda for organizational scholarship.
Cardiac Rhabdomyoma in Four Göttingen Minipigs
Authors: Feller Laine E. , Sargeant Aaron , Ehrhart E. J. , Balmer Bethany , Nelson Keith , Lamoureux Jennifer
Published: February 2023

Göttingen minipigs are increasingly used as an alternative large animal model in nonclinical toxicology studies, and proliferative lesions in this species are rare. Here, we report four cases of cardiac rhabdomyoma in Göttingen minipigs, an incidental and benign mass in the heart. Three cases lacked gross observations and had a microscopic nodule in either the left ventricle or interventricular septum. The last case had a large, firm, raised nodule on a left ventricular papillary muscle noted at necropsy, with additional microscopic intramural masses in the left ventricular wall. In all cases, microscopic evaluation revealed well-circumscribed, expansile nodules composed of bundles of large, highly vacuolated, ovoid to polygonal cells with variable cytoplasmic processes radiating from a centrally located nucleus. Cells displayed patchy accumulation of intracytoplasmic, PAS-positive material and haphazardly arranged cytoplasmic cross-striations. There was no evidence of cardiac insufficiency or other data to suggest the masses were clinically meaningful. Cardiac rhabdomyomas have been reported in meat-hybrid swine, with a breed predisposition in red wattle. This lesion is well established in guinea pigs, but documentation in other laboratory species used in toxicologic studies is limited to two beagle dogs. To our knowledge, this is the first report of spontaneous cardiac rhabdomyoma in Göttingen minipigs.
A review of using CO2-derived variables to detect tissue hypoperfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhou Ronghua
Published: February 2023

Complications after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Early detection and prompt reversion of tissue hypoperfusion during CPB are key factors to reduce organ dysfunction after cardiac surgery. CO2 (carbon dioxide)-derived variables which are easy to assess and routinely available to evaluate the adequacy of macro- and microcirculation may offer important information on the adequacy of the perfusion during CPB. However, since some practical issues remain unsolved in providing a reliable measurement of CO2 removal from the patient, CO2-derived variables are not widely monitoring during CPB. This review aims to demonstrate the basic principles of CO2-derived variables during CPB, the available techniques to assess CO2-derived variables on CPB and the clinically relevant applications.
Clustering the Raagas of Sankari Sangeet—A Computational Approach
Authors: Bora Krishnarjun , Barman Manash Pratim , Patowary Arnab N.
Published: February 2023

Raaga is the heart of Indian Classical Music. A raaga is an arrangement of 12 notes in the octave. Like Indian classical music, Sankari Sangeets which are composed 500 years ago are also based on raaga. The musicologist of Sankari Sangeet found nearly 26 different raagas in Sankaree Sangeet. Each of these raagas has some specific characteristics such as Aruhana (Ascending order of notes), Avaruhana (Descending order of notes), Pakad, Time of Singing, Vadi swara (Dominant/Important Note), Samvadi swara (Second Dominant Note), etc. This piece of work considers all of the 26 raagas of Sankari Sangeet to statistically cluster on the basis of 18 features extracted from each raaga. For clustering of the raagas, k-prototypes clustering technique is used which gives four clusters of sizes 9, 4, 6, and 7. Also, a comparison is carried out between the clusters obtained from k-prototypes clustering and existing theoretical Thaat-based classification.
Rearrangement on lattices with pick-n-swaps: Optimality structures and efficient algorithms
Authors: Yu Jingjin
Published: February 2023

We study a class of rearrangement problems under a novel pick-n-swap prehensile manipulation model, in which a robotic manipulator, capable of carrying an item and making item swaps, is tasked to sort items stored in lattices of variable dimensions in a time-optimal manner. We systematically analyze the intrinsic optimality structure, which is fairly rich and intriguing, under different levels of item distinguishability (fully-labeled, where each item has a unique label, or partially-labeled, where multiple items may be of the same type) and different lattice dimensions. Focusing on the most practical setting of one and two dimensions, we develop low polynomial time cycle-following-based algorithms that optimally perform rearrangements on 1D lattices under both fully- and partially-labeled settings. On the other hand, we show that rearrangement on 2D and higher-dimensional lattices become computationally intractable to optimally solve. Despite their NP-hardness, we prove that efficient cycle-following-based algorithms remain optimal in the asymptotic sense for 2D fully- and partially-labeled settings, in expectation, using the interesting fact that random permutations induce only a small number of cycles. We further improve these algorithms to provide 1. x-optimality when the number of items is small. Simulation studies corroborate the effectiveness of our algorithms. The implementation of the algorithms from the paper can be found at github.com/arc-l/lattice-rearrangement.
Spontaneous early-onset neurodegeneration in the brainstem and spinal cord of NSG, NOG, and NXG mice
Authors: Finesso Giovanni , Willis Elinor , Tarrant James Carmine , Lanza Matthew , Sprengers Justin , Verrelle Jillian , Banerjee Esha , Hermans Els , Assenmacher Charles-Antoine , Radaelli Enrico
Published: February 2023

The spectrum of background, incidental, and experimentally induced lesions affecting NSG and NOG mice has been the subject of intense investigation. However, comprehensive studies focusing on the spontaneous neuropathological changes of these immunocompromised strains are lacking. This work describes the development of spontaneous early-onset neurodegeneration affecting both juvenile and adult NSG, NOG, and NXG mice. The study cohort consisted of 367 NSG mice of both sexes (including 33 NSG-SGM3), 61 NOG females (including 31 NOG-EXL), and 4 NXG females. These animals were primarily used for preclinical CAR T-cell testing, generation of humanized immune system chimeras, and/or tumor xenograft transplantation. Histopathology of brain and spinal cord and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for AIF-1, GFAP, CD34, and CD45 were performed. Neurodegenerative changes were observed in 57.6% of the examined mice (affected mice age range was 6-36 weeks). The lesions were characterized by foci of vacuolation with neuronal degeneration/death and gliosis distributed throughout the brainstem and spinal cord. IHC confirmed the development of gliosis, overexpression of CD34, and a neuroinflammatory component comprised of CD45-positive monocyte-derived macrophages. Lesions were significantly more frequent and severe in NOG mice. NSG males were considerably more affected than NSG females. Increased lesion frequency and severity in older animals were also identified. These findings suggest that NSG, NOG, and NXG mice are predisposed to the early development of identical neurodegenerative changes. While the cause of these lesions is currently unclear, potential associations with the genetic mutations shared by NSG, NOG, and NXG mice as well as unidentified viral infections are considered.
Effect of Model Accuracy on Maintenance and Rehabilitation Benefits
Authors: Xu Hongbin , Prozzi Jorge A.
Published: February 2023

To achieve maximum benefit and cost-effectiveness, the application of pavement maintenance and rehabilitation treatments should be performed within optimal timing widows. In pavement management systems, these timing windows are primarily determined using pavement deterioration models and decision trees embedded in the system. However, owing to the prediction errors of the pavement performance models, the obtained time windows might not be optimal, making it difficult to achieve the expected maximum benefit and cost-effectiveness. To date, there is very little research quantifying the effect of model errors on the difference between the obtained benefit and the expected maximum benefit. Considering this, in this study, a reliability-based approach was developed to analyze the effect of model accuracy on the treatment benefit and extra cost. Through a case study, the effect of model accuracy on the treatment benefit was quantified. An increase in the model error was found to decrease the treatment benefit, while the extra cost needed to achieve the same benefit as the reference scenario increased. Although these findings might seem intuitive, this study has provided an analysis method to quantify such disbenefits.
International student mobility and its broad impact on destination countries: A review and agenda for future research
Authors: Luo Yunxin
Published: February 2023

The literature on international student mobility (ISM) has recently proliferated across diverse fields, reflecting its multifaceted connections with higher education institutions, business, and industry. This paper reviews existing research to examine what is known on ISM in higher education to determine future directions. The paper provides an in-depth, systematic review of articles published over the past decade to obtain an overview of ISM’s antecedents, decisions, and outcomes. The theories, contexts, and methods employed in the paper to gain this understanding are also explained. Knowledge gaps are highlighted regarding international students’ diverse participation and their impacts on host countries. Finally, research directions are proposed to reveal ISM’s role and potential at the nexus of higher education and industry. This paper adds to existing research by adding insights into student mobility in higher education.
A novel carbazole based bismaleimide monomer: Synthesis, characterization, thermal and optical properties
Authors: Karaca Nurcan
Published: February 2023

In this study, a novel bismaleimide monomer: Carbazole-Bismaleimide (Cz-BisMI) was introduced to the literature as a first. Cz-BisMI was synthesized by a catalytic cyclodehydration reaction of 3,6-bismalemic acid carbazole which is an intermediate product obtained by an imidization reaction of 3,6-diamino carbazole. Then, the chemical structure of Cz-BisMI was elucidated by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and LC-MS spectroscopies. The thermal properties of Cz-BisMI were investigated by DSC in comparison with a commercial bismaleimide monomer, 4,4-bismaleimidophenylmethane (DPM-BisMI). Cz-BisMI has a melting point of 192°C and also, the onset temperature of the exothermic curve was measured as 293°C. Furthermore, it was determined that Cz-BisMI has a 35.6 percent larger processing window than DPM-BisMI. The spin-coated films of Cz-BisMI showed a high refractive index in the range of 1.61 to 1.50 between 400 and 650 nm with good transparency of over 85%. On the other hand, a new poly(bismaleimide): P(Cz-BisMI)s containing carbazole units was prepared by the self-polymerization process of Cz-BisMI. P(Cz-BisMI)s showed a high thermal transition temperature of 356°C. In conclusion, Cz-BisMI is a viable choice as a bismaleimide monomer for the development of opto-electronic materials due to its enhanced optical properties and thermal behavior.
Re-understanding and improvement of the pseudo-spectral method for rapid footprint generation
Authors: Li Zhao-ting , He Rui-zhi , Tang Xiang-ji , Zhang Hong-bo
Published: February 2023

A PS (pseudo-spectral) method with improved parameters is proposed for the rapid footprint generation of reusable vehicles. Three aspects of the method were explored, including the consistency of the discrete NLP (Nonlinear Programming) problem with the original problem, the impact of the NLP problems' convergence accuracy on the results, and the final convergence accuracy factors. The reasonable ranges of the IPOPT solver’s convergence tolerance are redefined through these explorations. Furthermore, the solution process of the footprint is partially optimized. Finally, the results show that the method can fully improve the computational efficiency of solving the footprint using the PS method. The average time of each trajectory is minor than 0.9s, showing the parameter-improved PS method’s superiority.
Dynamic analysis and control of a hybrid lower limb rehabilitation robot to reduce human-robot interaction forces
Authors: Imani Babak , Najafi Farid
Published: February 2023

This study presents a model of cooperation between two planar manipulators including an orthosis and a programmable plate in form of a hybrid lower limb rehabilitation robot, which was designed and built at the University of Guilan. The aims of cooperation are to distribute the power required to move between the cooperative manipulators and also reduce the interaction forces between orthosis and leg. The cooperation is performed with two modes using the adjustment of the plate forces, a constant force in the vertical direction (CFV) and variant force proportional to orthosis torque (VFPOT). Kinematic and dynamic analysis of the hybrid lower limb rehabilitation robot and its control are also discussed in this study. The performance and effectiveness of the proposed hybrid robot are demonstrated on a healthy person in real-time. Each walking trial lasted 60 s and repeated 20 times for every mode. The walking speed was considered to be 1.5 km/h and weight compensator was adjusted with a constant weight unloading level of 70%. The results show that the VFPOT mode leads to a 45% reduction in the driving torque of the hip and knee joints compared to orthosis-only. This reduction is expected to reduce interaction force at the connection straps. So, it provides more patient comfort and safety, which can be effective in improving the time and process of rehabilitation.
Dynamic balance during walking in people with multiple sclerosis: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Anastasi Denise , Lencioni Tiziana , Carpinella Ilaria , Castagna Anna , Crippa Alessandro , Gervasoni Elisa , Corrini Chiara , Marzegan Alberto , Rabuffetti Marco , Ferrarin Maurizio , Cattaneo Davide
Published: February 2023

Dynamic balance disorders are common impairments in People with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) leading to gait disorders and a higher risk of falling. However, the assessment of dynamic balance is still challenging and instrumented indexes provide objective and quantitative data of CoM movement and Base of Support, which are considered that are two key factors describing dynamic balance. This study aims at validating recent instrumented indexes based on the inverted pendulum model and characterizing dynamic balance disorders in PwMS. We clinically assessed 20 PwMS and we collected instrumented gait data through an optoelectronic system. Data from 20 Healthy Subjects (HS) were also considered as normative reference. Margin of Stability by HoF (MoS_Hof) and by Terry (MoS_Terry) at midstance, and Foot Placement Estimator (DFPE) at heel strike were calculated in mediolateral (ML) and anteroposterior (AP) directions, for both less affected and most affected sides for PwMS and for dominant and non-dominant side for HS. MoS_HOF well discriminated between PwMS and HS, followed by MoS_TERRY in ML direction (Mos_HOF: PwMS = 130.0 ± 27.2 mm, HS = 106.5 ± 18.6 mm, p < 0.001, MoS_TERRY: PwMS = 75.1 ± 24.3 mm, HS = 56.5 ± 23.4 mm, p < 0.02). MoS_HOF and MoS_TERRY discriminated between sides in both directions in PwMS. DFPE did not discriminate between groups and sides. Moderate correlations were found between all three indexes and clinical balance scales (from r = 0.02 to r = 0.66), energy recovery (from r = −0.77 to r = −0.11), single stance time (from r = −0.11 to r = 0.80) and step length (from r = −0.83 to r = −0.20). MoS_HOF resulted in the best index to describe dynamic balance disorders in PwMS: they keep CoM position far from the lateral and as close as possible to the anterior boundary of the Base of Support as preventive strategies to control balance perturbations. Furthermore, PwMS seem to use different preventive strategies in accordance with the specific lower limb impairments. This alters the physiological gait mechanisms increasing the energy expenditure and decreasing gait quality and dynamic balance.
The effects of applying a novel cleaner on the bonding strength of zirconia surfaces
Authors: Recen Duygu , Yildirim Bengisu , Çeliksöz Özge
Published: February 2023

This study evaluates how pre-treatment with an MDP-containing cleaning agent (Katana Cleaner, Kuraray) influences the micro-shear bond strength (µSBS) of saliva-contaminated zirconia when used with universal adhesive (UA) systems. Rectangular specimens (2 mm × 12 mm × 15 mm) were obtained (IPS, e.max ZirCAD, MO, B65L17, Ivoclar Vivadent) and divided into three groups; a non-contaminated group (control group)(CON), a contaminated and cleaned with isopropyl alcohol group(ISP), and lastly, a group contaminated and cleaned with an MDP-containing cleaning agent(KAC). Each group was then subdivided into three subgroups according to the UAs used ( n = 12). Composite cylinders were prepared and bonded to each surface with Panavia V5 (Kuraray, Noritake Dental). A µSBS test was performed and the data were evaluated with the two-way analysis of variance (two-way ANOVA) and multiple comparisons test (α = 0.05). The highest µSBS values were obtained in the non-contaminated group ( p < 0.001), regardless of UAs. All subgroups showed lower µSBS values after saliva contamination, but KAC resulted in significantly higher µSBS values than 99% isopropanol ( p < 0.001). Overall, the lowest µSBS value was obtained with 99% isopropanol. The KAC-Clearfil UA subgroup resulted in statistically significantly higher µSBS values than the other UAs ( p = 0.035 and 0.007), although all three UAs resulted in sufficient µSBS values. This study revealed that applying KAC followed by a UA containing phosphate monomers produces promising results for improving µSBS values of zirconia, greater than results using 99% isopropanol.

Clinical relevance: An MDP-containing cleaning agent followed by a phosphate monomer containing a universal adhesive is a promising method to obtain acceptable bonds with saliva-contaminated zirconia ceramics.
What’s in a Badge? A Computational Reproducibility Investigation of the Open Data Badge Policy in One Issue of Psychological Science
Authors: Crüwell Sophia , Apthorp Deborah , Baker Bradley J. , Colling Lincoln , Elson Malte , Geiger Sandra J. , Lobentanzer Sebastian , Monéger Jean , Patterson Alex , Schwarzkopf D. Samuel , Zaneva Mirela , Brown Nicholas J. L.
Published: February 2023

In April 2019, Psychological Science published its first issue in which all Research Articles received the Open Data badge. We used that issue to investigate the effectiveness of this badge, focusing on the adherence to its aim at Psychological Science: sharing both data and code to ensure reproducibility of results. Twelve researchers of varying experience levels attempted to reproduce the results of the empirical articles in the target issue (at least three researchers per article). We found that all 14 articles provided at least some data and six provided analysis code, but only one article was rated to be exactly reproducible, and three were rated as essentially reproducible with minor deviations. We suggest that researchers should be encouraged to adhere to the higher standard in force at Psychological Science. Moreover, a check of reproducibility during peer review may be preferable to the disclosure method of awarding badges.
Cross-Cultural Sex/Gender Differences in Produced Word Content Before the Age of 3 Years
Authors: Wallentin Mikkel , Trecca Fabio
Published: February 2023

Does sex/gender matter for language acquisition? Small advantages in vocabulary size for females are well documented. In this study, however, we found that children’s early vocabulary composition was a significantly better predictor of sex/gender than their vocabulary size. We conducted classification analysis on word-production data from children (12–36 months old, n = 39,553) acquiring 26 different languages. Children’s sex/gender was classified at above-chance levels in 22 of 26 languages. Classification accuracy was significantly higher than for models based on vocabulary size and increased as a function of sample size. Boys produced more words for vehicles and outdoor scenes, whereas girls produced more words for clothing and body parts. Classification accuracy also increased as a function of age and peaked at 30 months, reaching accuracy levels observed in studies of adult word use. These differences in vocabulary are indicative of differences in the lifeworld of children and may themselves cause further differences in development.
Metacognitive Myopia: A Major Obstacle on the Way to Rationality
Authors: Fiedler Klaus , Prager Johannes , McCaughey Linda
Published: February 2023

The notion of metacognitive myopia refers to a conspicuous weakness of the quality control of memory and reasoning processes. Although people are often remarkably sensitive even to complex samples of information when making evaluative judgments and decisions, their uncritical and naive tendency to take the validity of sampled information for granted constitutes a major obstacle to rational behavior. After illustrating this phenomenon with reference to prominent biases (base-rate neglect, misattribution, perseverance), we decompose metacognitive myopia into two distinct but intertwined functions, monitoring and control. We offer explanations for why effectively monitoring the biases resulting from information sampling in an uncertain world is so difficult and why the control function is severely restricted by the lack of volitional control over mental actions. Because of these and other difficulties, metacognitive myopia constitutes a major obstacle to rational judgment and decision making.
What Do We Know About Threat-Related Perceptual Decision Making?
Authors: Mohanty Aprajita , Jin Frances , Sussman Tamara
Published: February 2023

The ability to make rapid and precise decisions regarding the presence or absence of threats in the environment is critical for survival. Although threatening stimuli may be detected more accurately and faster because of to the bottom-up salience of their features, in the real world, these stimuli are often encountered in familiar environments in which top-down cues signal their arrival. There has been significant progress in understanding of the mechanisms by which people make perceptual decisions regarding relatively routine stimuli; however, the mechanisms of threat-related perceptual decision making remain unclear. In this review, we discuss the psychological, computational, and neural mechanisms by which information from threatening stimuli is integrated with prior knowledge from cues and surrounding contexts to guide perceptual decision making.
In vitro Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Erythroxylum cuneatum Leaf Extract on Oxidized Low-density Lipoprotein-stimulated Human Aortic Endothelial Cells
Authors: Adam Siti Khadijah , Shanmugam Nitya , Mohamad Sharlina , Rahman Shamima Abd , Moklas Mohamad Aris Mohd
Published: February 2023

Background

The oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes inflammation, which results in the expression of adhesion molecules and monocyte adhesion and migration. This eventually leads to the progression of atherosclerosis. Erythroxylum cuneatum (EC), locally known as “Chinta mula,” is used as traditional medicine in certain countries. However, the scientific evidence of its medicinal properties, particularly related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still limited.

Objectives

This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of EC leaf extract in protecting against atherosclerosis in vitro.

Materials and Methods

Human aortic endothelial cells (HAoECs) induced by oxidized LDL (oxLDL) were treated with comparable concentrations (40 and 80 µg/ml) of EC ethanol and acetone leaf extracts. The antioxidant activities were determined by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), ROS, and nitric oxide (NO) production assays. The anti-inflammatory effects of EC leaf extract were evaluated using monocyte adhesion and migration assays and the expression of adhesion molecules, namely, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and human vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1).

Results

Both EC extracts possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities against oxLDL-induced HAoECs, which were concentration-dependent. Acetone extract showed significant reduced TBARS levels and increased NO production compared to ethanol extract. It also caused a significant decrease in monocyte adhesion and expression of ICAM-1 as compared to ethanol extract.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that EC leaf extract is valuable in preventing atherogenesis. The superior effect of EC acetone extract warrants future studies to elucidate its mechanisms in the prevention of CVDs, particularly atherosclerosis.
Impact of Employer Branding on Employee Retention During COVID-19: An Empirical Study on Private Academic Institutions
Authors: Barik Smita , Jain Sourabh
Published: February 2023

In the present scenario of COVID-19 pandemic, where employability and job security are at stake, employees are interested to work in an organisation with high brand value so that their future is secured enough to deal with the economic situation of the country. Be it in India or any other country, employee always want to get attached to a brand so that their self-market value increases. It is believed that employee attached to a bigger brand is in more demand when it comes to recruiting candidates for an organisation. Likewise, bigger brands having diversified businesses are less prone to fluctuate economically in adverse situations like COVID-19. Employer branding is an important element when it comes to retaining employees. Employees retain themselves with a brand to increase their market value. So employer branding along with its dimensions is believed to affect employee retention to a greater extent during this pandemic. The authors have found out number of dimensions related to employer branding and tied to link those dimensions with the employee retention to find out if there exists any relation between them. The authors have conducted this study in private organisations especially academic firms in India. The basic objective of the study is to identify the dimensions of Employer Branding during COVID-19. The main objective is to identify the impact of Employer Branding on Employee Retention during this pandemic. A structured questionnaire was designed to collect data on the dimensions related to Employer Branding. The sample size of the study is 450. The convenient sample technique was used for data collection. Correlation, Regression and ANOVA technique is used for hypothesis testing. It is found that there exists positive relationship between various dimensions of Employer Branding and Employee Retention & there is a positive impact of Employer Branding on Employee Retention during COVID-19
Care Setting Transitions for People With Dementia: Qualitative Perspectives of Current and Former Care Partners
Authors: Radcliffe Kate G. , Halim Madina , Ritchie Christine S. , Maus Marlon , Harrison Krista L.
Published: February 2023

Care partners (CP) of people with dementia (PWD) report that decisions about care setting are aided by the support of healthcare providers. However, providers are often underprepared to offer adequate counseling. This qualitative study aimed to identify what support from providers will assist CPs in making decisions related to care setting throughout the dementia journey. We conducted semi-structured interviews with current CPs of PWD and former CPs of decedents. We utilized the constant comparative method to identify themes regarding preferences around care setting as the PWD progressed from diagnosis to end-of-life. Participants were 31 CPs, including 16 current and 15 former CPs. CPs had a mean age of 67 and were primarily white (n = 23/31), female (n = 21/31), and spouses (n = 24/31). Theme 1: Current CPs discussed overwhelming uncertainty pertaining to care setting, expressing “I don’t know when I need to plan on more care,” and a desire to understand “what stage we are at.” Theme 2: Later in the disease, former CPs wanted guidance from healthcare providers on institutional placement (“I sure would’ve loved some help finding better places”) or support to stay in the home (“a doctor had to come to the house”). CPs want early, specific guidance from healthcare providers related to transitions between home and long-term care. Early in the disease course, counseling geared toward prognosis and expected disease course helps CPs make plans. Later, caregivers want help identifying locations or institutionalization or finding home care resources.
Bror Rexed (1914–2002) and His Pioneer Works on Spinal Cord Cytoarchitecture
Authors: Candar Esra , Demircubuk Ibrahim , Sengul Gulgun
Published: February 2023

Swedish neuroscientist Bror Anders Rexed lived between 1914 and 2002. He was a renowned neuroscientist and a politician who packed a lot into his 88-year life. Bror Rexed is best known for his works on the description of the cytoarchitectonic organization of the cat spinal cord. Rexed laminae as an eponym is a historical landmark for the spinal cord cytoarchitecture. Rexed’s name (particularly his surname) has also been linked to the du-reform in Swedish. In this article, we focus on his works on the central and peripheral nervous systems and translational approaches for neurosurgery, as well as his influence on health policies in Sweden.
The Predictive Validity of the Revised Screening Scale for Pedophilic Interests (SSPI-2)
Authors: Faitakis Martina , Stephens Skye , Seto Michael C.
Published: February 2023

The Revised Screening Scale for Pedophilic Interests (SSPI-2) is a five-item measure that assesses for pedohebephilia (sexual attraction to prepubescent and pubescent children) based on child victim characteristics. We aimed to replicate findings by Seto, Sandler et al. (2017) by examining the predictive validity of the SSPI-2 in an independent sample of 626 men referred for a sexological assessment because of sexual offending against children. SSPI-2 scores were associated with an increased likelihood of sexual recidivism but were not significantly associated with non-sexually violent or non-violent recidivism. When they were entered together, the SSPI-2 did not contribute additional variance to the Static-99R in the prediction of sexual recidivism. Results are consistent with the findings of Seto, Sandler et al. (2017) and suggest that higher scores on the SSPI-2 may be indicative of an increased risk for sexual recidivism in individuals who have sexually offended against children.
Impact of pterygium on central corneal thickness measured by optical coherence tomography in older adults
Authors: Dotto Pedro Gabriel , Salomão Solange Rios , Fernandes Arthur Gustavo , Mitsuhiro Marcia Regina Kimie Higashi , Ferraz Nívea Nunes , Furtado João Marcello , Watanabe Sung Song , Cypel Marcela , Sacai Paula Yuri , Cunha Cristina Coimbra , Vasconcelos Galton Carvalho , Morales Paulo Henrique , Cohen Marcos Jacob , Cohen Jacob Moysés , Campos Mauro , Muñoz Sergio , Belfort Rubens , Berezovsky Adriana
Published: February 2023

Purpose

To measure the central corneal thickness (CCT) using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in older adults with and without pterygium from the Brazilian Amazon Region Eye Survey (BARES).

Methods

BARES is a population-based epidemiological cross-sectional study conducted in Parintins city. Participants were residents ≥45 years of age identified through a door-to-door interview. Eligible participants were invited for a comprehensive eye exam. Pterygium occurrence and severity were assessed by ophthalmologists through slit-lamp examination considering its location (nasal or/and temporal) and severity (lesion with extension <3 mm, ≥3 mm not reaching the pupillary margin or ≥3 mm reaching the pupillary margin). CCTs were obtained and measurements from the more severely affected eye were included. Images were analyzed offline by masked observers.

Results

A total of 671 subjects, 533 (79.4%) with pterygium in at least one eye and 138 (20.6%) without pterygium in either eye, were examined. The mean CCT evaluated by multiple linear regression and adjusted for demographic variables and pterygium severity was 521 ± 34 μm (median = 521; range = 304–665). Decreased CCT was significantly associated with age and pterygium severity. Individuals aged 65–74 years had CCT 7 μm thinner than those aged 45–54 years ( p = 0.044), individuals aged 75 years and older had CCT 15 μm thinner than those aged 45–54 years ( p = 0.001), and eyes with severe pterygium had CCT 33 μm thinner than eyes without pterygium ( p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The CCT analysis in this population-based sample shows that a thinner cornea is associated with pterygium severity and older age.
A decision-making algorithm proposal for PICCs and midlines insertion in patients with advanced kidney disease: A pilot study
Authors: Bartoli Arianna , Gallieni Maurizio , Cogliati Chiara , Casella Francesco , Calloni Maria , Melchionda Chiara , Heidempergher Marco , Foschi Antonella , Luca Brucato Antonio , Rizzi Giulia , Quici Massimiliano , Gidaro Antonio
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative clinical practice guidelines recommend avoiding placement of peripherally inserted vascular access devices in patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <45 ml/min. On the other hand, many patients with severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) have poor prognosis. This study carried out a global assessment of mortality at 2 years through Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and Beclap score in patients with PICCs or Midlines, assuming that in those with an estimated high mortality rate at 2 years, it could be acceptable to implant a peripheral vascular access device (PVAD) despite the presence of CKD.

Methods:

We analyzed data on patients with PICCs or Midlines inserted from October 2018 to November 2019. CCI, Beclap score, and eGFR were calculated for each patient at the time of the catheter insertion. We then followed patients for 2 years to assess 2-year mortality for each.

Results:

One hundred and thirty-one patients were enrolled, 49 (37.4%) had eGFR<45 ml. The 2-year mortality rate was 57.3%. The cut off derived from ROC curve analysis of 15 for Beclap score and 5 for CCI, showed good sensitivity and specificity in predicting mortality of the total population, patients without an oncological disease and patients with eGFR<45 ml/min.

Conclusion:

CCI and Beclap score are good predictors of mortality at 2 years. Physicians and nurses can use these tools in the evaluation of patients at risk for future dialysis, instead of relying exclusively on renal function to decide whether implanting PICCs, Midlines, or other vascular access devices.
Gendered Interaction and Practices of Intimacy Among Emirati Young Spouses: Exploring the Experiences of Wives
Authors: Al Hourani Mohammed Abdel Karim
Published: February 2023

This study aims to explore the practices of intimacy among Emirati spouses in a society where gender discrimination persistently governs the private space of family relationships. Participants include 41 young Emirati working wives aged 24–30 who have jobs and are enrolled in graduate studies and research degrees (PhD and MA). In-depth interviews were used to collect data. Line-by-line coding, thematic coding, and constant comparison method were employed to analyze and interpret data. Analyses revealed seven interrelated categories associated with the gendered practices of intimacy. They were influenced by factors such as the wives’ status, the gap of age, and the wives’ religiosity. These themes are suppressed self-disclosure, restricted self-disclosure of wives, not sharing responsibilities, not sharing time, unequal mutual reciprocity, not solving problems, and not thinking together. Narratives highlighted gendered interaction and low quality of intimacy between spouses. The findings of this study show that empowering women in the public sphere has not impacted their position in the patriarchal structure of the family, which is reproduced by traditions and religious interpretations. This study’s findings can inform social policymakers aiming at bridging empowerment between the public and private spheres.