bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound-triggered microbubble destruction enhances the radiosensitivity of glioblastoma by inhibiting PGRMC1-mediated autophagy in vitro and in vivo
Authors: He Ying , Dong Xun-Hu , Zhu Qiong , Xu Ya-Li , Chen Ming-Liang , Liu Zheng
Published: February 2022

Background

Ultrasound-triggered microbubble destruction (UTMD) is a widely used noninvasive technology in both military and civilian medicine, which could enhance radiosensitivity of various tumors. However, little information is available regarding the effects of UTMD on radiotherapy for glioblastoma or the underlying mechanism. This study aimed to delineate the effect of UTMD on the radiosensitivity of glioblastoma and the potential involvement of autophagy.

Methods

GL261, U251 cells and orthotopic glioblastoma-bearing mice were treated with ionizing radiation (IR) or IR plus UTMD. Autophagy was observed by confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis were used to detect progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), light chain 3 beta 2 (LC3B2) and sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62) levels. Lentiviral vectors or siRNAs transfection, and fluorescent probes staining were used to explore the underlying mechanism.

Results

UTMD enhanced the radiosensitivity of glioblastoma in vitro and in vivo (P < 0.01). UTMD inhibited autophagic flux by disrupting autophagosome-lysosome fusion without impairing lysosomal function or autophagosome synthesis in IR-treated glioblastoma cells. Suppression of autophagy by 3-methyladenine, bafilomycin A1 or ATG5 siRNA had no significant effect on UTMD-induced radiosensitization in glioblastoma cells (P < 0.05). Similar results were found when autophagy was induced by rapamycin or ATG5 overexpression (P > 0.05). Furthermore, UTMD inhibited PGRMC1 expression and binding with LC3B2 in IR-exposed glioblastoma cells (P < 0.01). PGRMC1 inhibitor AG-205 or PGRMC1 siRNA pretreatment enhanced UTMD-induced LC3B2 and p62 accumulation in IR-exposed glioblastoma cells, thereby promoting UTMD-mediated radiosensitization (P < 0.05). Moreover, PGRMC1 overexpression abolished UTMD-caused blockade of autophagic degradation, subsequently inhibiting UTMD-induced radiosensitization of glioblastoma cells. Finally, compared with IR plus UTMD group, PGRMC1 overexpression significantly increased tumor size [(3.8 ± 1.1) mm2 vs. (8.0 ± 1.9) mm2, P < 0.05] and decreased survival time [(67.2 ± 2.6) d vs. (40.0 ± 1.2) d, P = 0.0026] in glioblastoma-bearing mice.

Conclusion

UTMD enhanced the radiosensitivity of glioblastoma partially by disrupting PGRMC1-mediated autophagy.
Mapping the prevalence of severe acute malnutrition in Papua, Indonesia by using geostatistical models
Authors: Jasper Paul , Jochem Warren C. , Lambert-Porter Emma , Naeem Umer , Utazi Chigozie Edson
Published: February 2022

Background

Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is the most life-threatening form of malnutrition, and in 2019, approximately 14.3 million children under the age of 5 were considered to have SAM. The prevalence of child malnutrition is recorded through large-scale household surveys run at multi-year intervals. However, these surveys are expensive, yield estimates with high levels of aggregation, are run over large time intervals, and may show gaps in area coverage. Geospatial modelling approaches could address some of these challenges by combining geo-located survey data with geospatial data to produce mapped estimates that predict malnutrition risk in both surveyed and non-surveyed areas.

Methods

A secondary analysis of cluster-level program evaluation data (n = 123 primary sampling units) was performed to map severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in Papuan children under 2 years (0–23 months) of age with a spatial resolution of 1 × 1 km in Papua, Indonesia. The approach used Bayesian geostatistical modelling techniques and publicly available geospatial data layers.

Results

In Papua, Indonesia, SAM was predicted in geostatistical models by using six geospatial covariates related primarily to conditions of remoteness and inaccessibility. The predicted 1-km spatial resolution maps of SAM showed substantial spatial variation across the province. By combining the predicted rates of SAM with estimates of the population under 2 years of age, the prevalence of SAM in late 2018 was estimated to be around 15,000 children (95% CI 10,209–26,252). Further tests of the predicted levels suggested that in most areas of Papua, more than 5% of Papuan children under 2 years of age had SAM, while three districts likely had more than 15% of children with SAM.

Conclusions

Eradication of hunger and malnutrition remains a key development goal, and more spatially detailed data can guide efficient intervention strategies. The application of additional household survey datasets in geostatistical models is one way to improve the monitoring and timely estimation of populations at risk of malnutrition. Importantly, geospatial mapping can yield insights for both surveyed and non-surveyed areas and can be applied in low-income country contexts where data is scarce and data collection is expensive or regions are inaccessible.
Feasibility of a randomised trial of Teaching Recovery Techniques (TRT) with refugee youth: results from a pilot of the Swedish UnaccomPanied yOuth Refugee Trial (SUPpORT)
Authors: Rondung Elisabet , Leiler Anna , Sarkadi Anna , Bjärtå Anna , Lampa Elin , Löfving Sandra Gupta , Calam Rachel , Oppedal Brit , Keeshin Brooks , Warner Georgina
Published: February 2022

Background

Although post-traumatic stress is prevalent among unaccompanied refugee minors (URM), there are few evidence-based psychological interventions for this group. Teaching Recovery Techniques (TRT) is a brief, manualised intervention for trauma-exposed youth, which has shown promising results in exploratory studies. The aim of the present study was to assess the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial (RCT) evaluating the use of TRT among URM by investigating key uncertainties relating to recruitment, randomisation, intervention delivery and data collection.

Methods

A 3-month long non-blinded internal randomised pilot trial with a parallel-group design assessed the feasibility of a planned nationwide multi-site RCT. URM with or without granted asylum were eligible if they were 14 to 20 years old, had arrived in Sweden within the last 5 years and had screened positive for symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Quantitative data were collected pre- and post-intervention, and 18 weeks after randomisation. On-site individual randomisation (1:1) followed directly after pre-intervention assessment. Participants allocated to the intervention were offered seven weekly group-based TRT sessions. Quantitative pilot outcomes were analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative information was gathered through on-site observations and follow-up dialogue with group facilitators. A process for Decision-making after Pilot and feasibility Trials (ADePT) was used to support systematic decision-making in moving forward with the trial.

Results

Fifteen URM (mean age 17.73 years) with PTSD symptoms were recruited at two sites. Three of the youths were successfully randomised to either TRT or waitlist control (TRT n = 2, waitlist n = 1). Fourteen participants were offered TRT for ethical reasons, despite not being randomised. Six (43%) attended ≥ 4 of the seven sessions. Seventy-three percent of the participants completed at least two assessments, with a response rate of 53% at both post-intervention and follow-up.

Conclusions

The findings demonstrated a need for amendments to the protocol, especially with regard to the procedures for recruitment and randomisation. Upon refinement of the study protocol and strategies, an adequately powered RCT was pursued, with data from this pilot study excluded.

Trial registration

ISRCTN47820795, prospectively registered on 20 December 2018
Role of intra-discal Vancomycin instillation in prevention post-operative discitis
Authors: Alawamry Ahmed , Makia Mansour AbdelMageed , Samir Mohamed Ahmed
Published: February 2022

Background

Post discectomy discitis is regarded as the most disabling cause of failed back surgery. Value of local intra-operative application of antibiotics in prevention of such complication has been a matter of debate. We evaluate the role of intraoperative intra-discal vancomycin powder instillation as a prophylaxis in prevention of postoperative discitis in patients undergoing microscopic discectomy. We allocated 100 patients undergoing discectomy equally into two groups. In the first group, a local Vancomycin powder was inserted into the disc space after finishing discectomy, and in the second group, nothing was inserted.

Results

The postoperative discitis was reported in 6 cases; of them, two patients were in the Vancomycin group (4%), while four patients were in the non-Vancomycin group (8%).

Conclusions

We concluded that the intra-operative prophylaxis, with intra-discal Vancomycin, decreased the incidence of postoperative discitis but without significant statistical difference. We advocate using local vancomycin especially in high risk patients for prevention of post discectomy discitis.
Chemical entropy generation and second-order slip condition on hydrodynamic Casson nanofluid flow embedded in a porous medium: a fast convergent method
Authors: Obalalu Adebowale Martins
Published: February 2022

The chemical entropy generation analysis is an approach to optimize the performance of different thermal systems by investigating the related irreversibility of the system. The influences of second-order slip with the chemical reaction on the boundary layer flow and heat transfer of a non-Newtonian nanofluid in a non-Darcian porous medium have been investigated numerically. Simultaneous solutions are presented for first and second-order velocity slips. The second-order boundary conditions serve as a closure of a system of the continuity, transport, and energy differential equations. The current work differs from the previous studies in the application of a new second-order slip velocity model. The Casson fluid model is applied to characterize the non-Newtonian fluid behavior. The effect of the second slip parameter on the present physical parameters was discussed through graphs and it was found that this type of slip is a very important one to predict the investigated physical model. The present study provides two fast convergent methods on the semi-infinite interval, namely Chebyshev collocation method and optimal homotopy analysis method are used to analyze the fluid flow, heat, and mass transport. Compared with available analytical and numerical solutions, current methods are effective, quickly converging, and with great accuracy. It was shown that the account for the second-order terms in the boundary conditions noticeably affects the fluid flow characteristics and does not influence on the heat transfer characteristics.
New heritable ATRX mutation identified by whole exome sequencing and review
Authors: Shahbazi Zahra , Rostami Golaleh , Hamid Mohammad
Published: February 2022

Background

The mutations in the ATRX gene have been shown to cause two types of disorders: inherited mutations lead to alpha thalassemia X-linked mental retardation (ATR-X) syndrome and acquired somatic mutations cause alpha thalassemia myelodysplastic syndrome (ATMDS). Here we report a case of ATRX gene mutation without completely features of ATR-X or ATMDS syndromes. Moreover we review previous reports of ATRX gene mutations in both ATR-X syndrome and ATMDS.

Methods

After sample collection and DNA extraction, whole exome sequencing was performed using Illumina HiSeq PE150 apparatus. The results were confirmed using Sanger sequencing for the patients and his relatives. Literature review was performed based on the published data in Web of science, Science direct, Springer link and Pubmed databases.

Results

We identified a hemizygous missense ATRX gene mutation (ATRX, c.2388A > C, p. K796N) as a new disease-causing variant in the patient, heterozygous situation for his mother and his father was hemizygous for wild type allele. The literatures of patients were reviewed regarding the ATR-X syndrome.

Conclusions

According to previous findings, inherited ATRX mutations are associated with a broad spectrum of clinical presentations. Therefore a person with a mild α-thalassemia phenotype may also has mutation in ATRX gene. Accordingly, it is critical for geneticist and physicians to increase awareness in molecular diagnosis of α-thalassemia patients.
Improving the accuracy of tumor surgery by THz imaging and making the results of pathological anatomy faster by THz spectroscopy
Authors: Tarabichi Siham , Al-Raeei Marwan , Solieva Oliya
Published: February 2022

Background

The terahertz radiation is a specific part of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum and has multiple significant applications in multiple scientific researches such as the applications in the medicine. An important application of the terahertz is its use in tumor imaging which is very important in the tumor surgery; however, lots of physicians and workers in the medical field have little information or having no information at all, dealing with this significant part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Results

In this work, we interviewed a number of local surgeons in Syrian Arab Republic, who reported that they visually delineate the contour of tumors to be removed, and in order to reduce the number of future possible interventions, a large margin of healthy tissue is often excised. Furthermore, a number of pathologists who reported that preparing samples of excised tissues for examination takes a long period of time which may extend to several days, and that the results of histopathology indicate in some cases the integrity of removed tissues.

Conclusion

We have found that a significant number of participants in the survey demonstrated that the importance of dealing with terahertz imaging and terahertz spectroscopy, encouraging to implement the technique in the Syrian Arab Republic.
A hyper-resolving polynomial aperture and its application in microscopy
Authors: Hamed A. M.
Published: February 2022

Background

A hyper-resolving aperture composed of a polynomial distribution is suggested. The point spread function (PSF) is computed and compared with that corresponding to linear, quadratic, and circular apertures. In addition, the influence of the number of zones on the PSF is discussed. An application on confocal scanning laser microscope using Siemen’s star pattern as an object considering the polynomial apertures is given.

Results

We have made polynomial apertures using MATLAB code, and we tested the resolution from the computation of the cut-off spatial frequency obtained from the computation of the point spread function.

Conclusions

We get compromised resolution and contrast for the polynomial apertures as compared with uniform circular apertures.
Cystic lymphangiomas of the tongue: 3 rare cases and a literature review of classifications and therapeutic possibilities
Authors: Cherrabi Kaoutar , Ouattassi Naouar , Titou Anouar , Kamal Dounia , El Alami Mohamed Noureddine
Published: February 2022

Background

Cystic lymphangiomas of the tongue are rare. The treatment consists of complete resection and management is generally interdisciplinary due to vital, functional, and esthetic comorbidities.

This work is a report of three rare cases of cystic lymphangioma of the tongue, with curious mode of presentation and good outcome, as well as a literature review of clinical features, classifications, and therapeutic possibilities.

Case presentation

This work presents three patients. The first one presented with a lymphangioma in the junction between base and body of tongue; the clinical aspect was first similar to hemangioma, and then the diagnosis was re-established after slight enlargement of the mass. The patient was treated with sclerotherapy with great outcome.

The second patient presented with a large lymphangioma which presented a clinical resemblance with a tumor of the tongue, the diagnosis was established upon radiological aspect and confirmed upon histological findings.

The third patient presented with a macroglossia which appeared 3 years after excision of the cystic hygroma of the neck; the patient was surgically treated with excellent outcome.

Conclusion

Cystic lymphangiomas are rare hamartomatous lymphatic malformations, and they have a predilection for head and neck but the lingual localization is quite rare. Treatment is complete excision. Management is generally interdisciplinary. The main objective is to prevent alteration to function, to treat esthetic comorbidities, and prevent speech impediment especially in very young children.

This is the cases of three young children with a rare lingual cystic lymphangioma, with adapted treatment and satisfactory outcome, with a literature review of clinical presentation, classifications, and therapeutic approaches.
SWOG 1318: A Phase II Trial of Blinatumomab Followed by POMP Maintenance in Older Patients With Newly Diagnosed Philadelphia Chromosome–Negative B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Advani Anjali S. , Moseley Anna , O'Dwyer Kristen M. , Wood Brent L. , Fang Min , Wieduwilt Matthew J. , Aldoss Ibrahim , Park Jae H. , Klisovic Rebecca B. , Baer Maria R. , Stock Wendy , Bhave Rupali R. , Othus Megan , Harvey Richard C. , Willman Cheryl L. , Litzow Mark R. , Stone Richard M. , Sharon Elad , Erba Harry P.
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE

Chemotherapy outcomes in older patients with Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome–negative B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are very poor. Here, we evaluated blinatumomab as induction and consolidation therapy followed by prednisone, vincristine, 6-mercaptopurine, and methotrexate (POMP) maintenance chemotherapy in this patient population.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Patients were treated at National Clinical Trial Network sites. Eligibility criteria included age ≥ 65 years and newly diagnosed Ph chromosome–negative B-ALL. Patients received blinatumomab as induction for one-two cycles until attainment of response (complete remission (CR) and CR with incomplete count recovery). Patients then received three cycles of consolidation with blinatumomab followed by 18 months of POMP maintenance chemotherapy. Eight doses of intrathecal methotrexate were administered as central nervous system prophylaxis.

RESULTS

Twenty-nine eligible patients were enrolled. The median age was 75 years, and the median bone marrow blast count at diagnosis was 87%. Cytogenetic risk was poor in 10 patients (34%), and five of 14 patients (36%) tested had the Ph-like ALL gene signature. Nineteen patients (66%; 95% CI, 46 to 82) achieved CR. Kaplan-Meier 3-year disease-free survival and overall survival estimates were 37% (95% CI, 17 to 57) and 37% (95% CI, 20 to 55), respectively.

CONCLUSION

Blinatumomab was well tolerated and effective in the treatment of older patients with newly diagnosed Ph chromosome–negative B-ALL, including patients with poor-risk cytogenetics. The 3-year disease-free survival and overall survival results are encouraging and suggest that this approach should be further explored.
A spectral method of modularity for community detection in bipartite networks
Authors: Wu Guolin , Gu Changgui , Yang Huijie
Published: February 2022

Community detection in bipartite networks is a popular topic. Two widely used methods to capture community structures in bipartite networks are the method of modularity and the method of graph partitioning. Our analytical results show that the modularity maximization problem can be reformulated as a spectral problem after relaxing the discreteness constraints. This means that the method of modularity and the method of graph partitioning are essentially equivalent. As an application, a spectral algorithm of modularity is devised for identifying community structures in bipartite networks. Experimental results on synthetic networks and real-world networks indicate that our algorithm performs better than those algorithms of modularity local maximization, such as BRIM (bipartite recursively induced moduls) and bLP (bipartite label propagation). Therefore, our results shed light on the methods of community detection in bipartite networks.
The Components of Change in Population Growth Rates
Authors: Canudas-Romo Vladimir , Shen Tianyu , Payne Collin F.
Published: February 2022

The demographic balance equation relates the population growth rate with crude rates of fertility, mortality, and net migration. All these rates refer to changes occurring between two time points, say, t and t + h. However, this fundamental balance equation overlooks the contribution of historical fertility, mortality, and migration in explaining these population counts. Because of this, the balance equation only partially explains a change in growth rate between time t and t + h as it does not include the contribution of historical population trends in shaping the population at time t. The overall population growth rate can also be expressed as the weighted average of age-specific growth rates. In this article, we develop a method to decompose the historical drivers of current population growth by recursively employing the variable-r method on the population's average age-specific growth rates. We illustrate our method by identifying the unique contributions of survival progress, migration change, and fertility decline for current population growth in Denmark, England and Wales, France, and the United States. Our results show that survival progress is mainly having an effect on population growth at older ages, although accounting for indirect historical effects illuminates additional contributions at younger ages. Migration is particularly important in Denmark and England and Wales. Finally, we find that across all populations studied, historical fertility decline plays the largest role in shaping recent reductions in population growth rates.
Pupil dilation and constriction in the skate Leucoraja erinacea in a simulated natural light field
Authors: Mäthger Lydia M. , Bok Michael J. , Liebich Jan , Sicius Lucia , Nilsson Dan-Eric
Published: February 2022

The skate Leucoraja erinacea has an elaborately shaped pupil, whose characteristics and functions have received little attention. The goal of our study was to investigate the pupil response in relation to natural ambient light intensities. First, we took a recently developed sensory–ecological approach, which gave us a tool for creating a controlled light environment for behavioural work: during a field survey, we collected a series of calibrated natural habitat images from the perspective of the skates' eyes. From these images, we derived a vertical illumination profile using custom-written software for quantification of the environmental light field (ELF). After collecting and analysing these natural light field data, we created an illumination set-up in the laboratory, which closely simulated the natural vertical light gradient that skates experience in the wild and tested the light responsiveness – in particular the extent of dilation – of the skate pupil to controlled changes in this simulated light field. Additionally, we measured pupillary dilation and constriction speeds. Our results confirm that the skate pupil changes from nearly circular under low light to a series of small triangular apertures under bright light. A linear regression analysis showed a trend towards smaller skates having a smaller dynamic range of pupil area (dilation versus constriction ratio around 4-fold), and larger skates showing larger ranges (around 10- to 20-fold). Dilation took longer than constriction (between 30 and 45 min for dilation; less than 20 min for constriction), and there was considerable individual variation in dilation/constriction time. We discuss our findings in terms of the visual ecology of L. erinacea and consider the importance of accurately simulating natural light fields in the laboratory.
Impact on carbon emissions of online study for a cohort of overseas students: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Heller Richard F , Sun Ya-Yen , Guo Zhe , Malik Arunima
Published: February 2022

Background: One of the benefits of online education is the potential reduction in carbon emissions through the decrease in travel to attend a university in person. We estimated the savings in CO2 emissions of an international cohort of master’s students who studied fully online from their home countries, rather than travelling to the UK and living there while attending university.

Methods: The city and country of residence of a cohort of students who first enrolled in the fully online Peoples-uni/Manchester Metropolitan University Master of Public Health programme between the second semester of 2011 and the first semester 2013 were recorded. Total difference in emissions was calculated by adding the estimated aviation emissions between Manchester, UK and the cities where students resided, to the difference in per capita emissions between the country of origin and the UK for the time that the student would have spent in Manchester, based on the semester in which they first enrolled.

Results: 128 students enrolled from 70 cities in 30 countries. 93 students were from a range of African countries and 18 from the Indian sub-continent. Flights to and from Manchester were estimated to have accounted for 114,553kg of CO2 and living in Manchester for the duration of their course compared with staying in the home country would have been equivalent to 854,904kg of CO2. The combined net savings was 969,457kg of CO2.

Conclusions: A small cohort of overseas students, largely from Africa and India, studied online rather than attending university in the UK. The likely saving by this small cohort of nearly a million kg of CO 2 emissions offers an indication of the potential environmental benefits of offering university education online to overseas students.
Childhood malnutrition and hypo mineralized molar defects ;a cross sectional study, Egypt
Authors: Atef Abdelsattar Ibrahim Hoda , Abdallah Nasr Rania , Adel Salama Ahmed , Ahmed Amin Aya
Published: February 2022

Background:  Malnutrition is well-known to yield high morbidities and it has pre-eruptive and post-eruptive consequences. The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of Hypomineralized Second Primary Molars (HSPM), Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) and dental caries in malnourished children, as well as addressing the relation between types of malnutrition and the dental morbidities.

Methods:This is a cross sectional analytical study. A consecutive sample of 54 malnourished cases aged 5-10 years and presented to the Outpatient Clinic of Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University across 6 months period were examined for HSPM, MIH – using the  European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry criteria - and dental Caries using def/ DMF indices. Outcomes were the presence or absence of MIH and HSPM and their levels measured as percentage as well as Caries Indices. Exposures were types of malnutrition and the socioeconomic status.

 Results:  The mean age of study participants was 7.10 ± 1.34 years. HSPM and MIH were found in 47.2% and 45.2% of the study participants respectively, while dental caries was observed in 83% and 64.3% for primary and permanent teeth respectively. There was co-occurrence between HSPM and MIH in 39% of the cases.

HSPM level was significantly different in various types of malnutrition. It showed significant difference between the stunted group (median HSPM of 14.2%) and the overweight or obese group (median HSPM of 0.0%) (P value 0.01). MIH level showed significant differences between the stunted group (median MIH of 19.4%) and overweight or obese group (median MIH of 0.0%) (p value 0.001), as well as between the stunted group (median MIH of 19.4%) and wasted group (median MIH of 0.0%) (p value 0.025).

Conclusions:Malnourished children have high prevalence of dental abnormalities. HSPM could expect the presence of MIH.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine platforms: how novel platforms can prepare us for future pandemics: a narrative review
Authors: Lee Jae Kyung , Shin Ok Sarah
Published: February 2022

More than 2 years after the explosion of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, extensive efforts have been made to develop safe and efficacious vaccines against infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The pandemic has opened a new era of vaccine development based on next-generation platforms, including messenger RNA (mRNA)-based technologies, and paved the way for the future of mRNA-based therapeutics to provide protection against a wide range of infectious diseases. Multiple vaccines have been developed at an unprecedented pace to protect against COVID-19 worldwide. However, important knowledge gaps remain to be addressed, especially in terms of how vaccines induce immunogenicity and efficacy in those who are elderly. Here, we discuss the various vaccine platforms that have been utilized to combat COVID-19 and emphasize how these platforms can be a powerful tool to react quickly to future pandemics.
Accounting and Audit of Rental Operations in the New Conditions
Authors: Kochinev Yuriy , Neelova Natalia
Published: February 2022

The article analyzes the issues of accounting for lease transactions in accordance with the FSBU 25/2018 "Lease Accounting" that came into force on 01.01.2022. Accounting for assets and liabilities subject to recognition and evaluation by both the lessor and the lessee is considered. A number of examples of accounting for rent from the lessor and lessee when transferring ownership of the lease to the lessee and when returning the leased object to the lessor are given. Recommendations are proposed to auditors auditing the financial statements of participants in rental relations.
Fundamental Principles for Financial Disclosure
Authors: Mislavskaya N.
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the theoretical principles that determine the levels of information disclosure in accounting (financial) statements. The author analyzes the issues of applicability of the relevant approaches of the Anglo-American School of Accounting, which form the basis of International Financial Reporting Standards. Comprehension of the principles of adequacy, fairness and completeness of the presentation of information in modern conditions of management, organization and maintenance of accounting, preparation and presentation of reporting data, the author comes to the conclusion that there is a likelihood of changing the existing principles, taking into account national specifics. In such a situation, the Russian state should become the priority user of reporting data.
Monetary Policy of Russia in 2022-2024: Course Towards Price Stability
Authors: Smirnov I.
Published: February 2022

Following the tradition that has been established since 2015, in the three-year period 2022-2024 that has begun, the Bank of Russia will continue to focus its monetary policy primarily on ensuring price and fi nancial stability with inflation of about 4% in the interests of creating optimal conditions for economic growth, business development and improving the welfare of the population.
Features of financial management in conglomerates
Authors: Bozhko P.
Published: February 2022

The article analyzes the issues of financial management by the management companies of universal (conglomerate) holdings by involvement in subsidiaries. The features of the holding structure of this type are considered, measures are proposed for the selective centralization of financial management functions at the level of the management company.
Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Test of Infant Motor Performance to Colombian Spanish
Authors: Naranjo Ruiz Mónica , Guerrero Uchima Inés Gabriela , Serrano Gómez María Eugenia , Acosta Otálora Martha Lucía , Pinzón Bernal Mónica Yamile , Salamanca Duque Luisa Matilde
Published: February 2022

Introduction: There has been growing interest in recent years in the cross-cultural adaptation of measuring instruments for various conditions treated by physiotherapy. Validation of an instrument within a target language and culture creates a final version that is conceptually and linguistically adapted to the context but remains valid and reliable. This paper describes the process of translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) from us English to Colombian Spanish. This was performed in accordance with international methodological guidelines. Materials and methods: A group of trained translators and field experts participated in the five stages presented herein. These stages were translation and adaptation of the instrument to Colombian Spanish, validation of its content and appearance, back-translation, revision by the original author, and, finally, a pilot test. Results: The existence of two intralingual translated and revised versions of this instrument led to a more appropriate preliminary version from conceptual, discursive, and terminological perspectives. Therefore, the adjustments made in the first stage were primarily semantic. During the second stage, field experts positively assessed the translated version and suggested adjustments to grammar, spelling, and word choices. There were no significant discursive problems during the back-translation stageso conceptual and terminological adjustments were minor. The revision stage and the pilot test weresatisfactory. Conclusion: This translation and cross-cultural adaptation was successful. The ColombianSpanish version of the measure was culturally relevant and used appropriate language, yet remained a valid and reliable tool.
On System-Wide Safety Staffing of Large-Scale Parallel Server Networks
Authors: Hmedi Hassan , Arapostathis Ari , Pang Guodong
Published: February 2022

Large-scale stochastic networks are widely used for a variety of systems including telecommunications, patient flows, service and data centers, and so on. Because of their complexity, ensuring the stability of these networks by allocating the required resources needed by each customer class is quite challenging. When there are sufficient resources to serve each customer class, the existence of a policy that stabilizes the system is trivial. One can decouple the network and assign the required resources to each customer class. Conversely, one can anticipate that, when each class is resourceless, it is impossible to stabilize the system independent of the policy used. However, previous analyses did not tackle this question. In this work, we assume that some classes have excess resources, whereas others are deficient. We provide a full characterization of the stability of these networks by identifying a parameter that describes the overall excess or lack of resources in the network.
SARKASME DI KALANGAN SANTRI PERSADA UNIVERSITAS AHMAD DAHLAN
Authors: Rista Chika Ardeviya , Sapanti Intan Rawit
Published: February 2022

This research is motivated by the importance of understanding the forms of sarcasm uttered by students so that the public knows the purpose of using sarcasm. The problems discussed in this study are (1) the form of sarcasm used by Persada UAD 2019/2020 students based on grammar, (2) the form of sarcasm used by Persada UAD 2019/2020 students based on the content of the speech, and (3) the factors causing Persada UAD students to use the form of sarcasm. This study aims to describe the form of sarcasm among Persada UAD students and find out the factors causing Persada students to use sarcasm among Persada UAD students. Based on the research results regarding the form of using sarcasm by Persada UAD students in 2019/2020, the following conclusions were obtained. (1) The use of sarcasm among the students of Persada UAD in 2019/2020 based on the grammatical basis was found in three forms, namely words, phrases, and clauses. (2) The use of forms of sarcasm among Persada UAD students in 2019/2020 based on the content of the speech found seven forms of sarcasm, namely words containing bitterness, bitter reproaches, expressions of anger, swearing, words that are not pleasant to hear, ridicule, and certain social varieties. (3) The factors causing the students of Persada UAD in 2019/2020 to throw sarcasm found ten factors, namely social background, habits, reflexes, anger, inappropriate place and time, inappropriate participants, goals that did not match the speaker, tone when conveying messages, media language, and norms in interaction.
IDENTITAS TOKOH PRIBUMI DALAM CERPEN PENUNJUK JALAN KARYA IKSAKA BANU: KAJIAN PASCAKOLONIAL HOMI K. BHABHA
Authors: Abdullah Risen Dhawuh , Rabbani Ilham
Published: February 2022

This study aims to uncover an Indigenous character named Oentoeng in the short story “Penunjuk Jalan”. The short story is one of Iksaka Banu's works contained in the book Semua untuk Hindia. The identity of the character that is trying to be dismantled includes hybridity, mimicry, and ambivalence. The theory used in this study is the postcolonial theory initiated by Homi K. Bhabha. The study used a qualitative descriptive method. There are three findings in this study. First, the identity of Oentoeng is a hybrid. Oentoeng absorbs Western values continuously, namely from his upbringing, education, and his association in the Dutch family environment. Second, mimicry as mockery by the character can be seen from three aspects, specifically the ability to speak Dutch, possess Western medical knowledge, and to be able to devise a strategy of rebellion that made the VOC troubles as invaders. Third, Oentoeng's attitude of wanting to be angry and willing to provide assistance, treatment, and entertainment to the Dutch doctor and his porter who had an accident could be interpreted as a form of ambivalence in the Indigenous character.
WANITA (NYAIE) DALAM NOVEL BUNGA ROOS DARI CIKEMBANG KARYA KWEE TEK HOAY
Authors: Septiani Nur Alifah , Pramono Dedi
Published: February 2022

Over 90 years (1870-1960), 800 authors published 3000 Chinese Malay erudite workshops. Bunga Roos from Cikembang is one of the most well-known workshops. The work was written by Kwee Tek Hoay, one of the most prolific authors of his day. Bunga Roos from Cikembang, similar to the previous Chinese Malay literary work, casts an indigenous womanish figure as a Chinese man's "nyaie." The distinction in this tale is that the "nyaie" is elevated to a higher status. She is no longer referred to as a "mistress" (a libido grater), but rather as a lady by her master, even though she has never been married. This distinction is noteworthy and warrants additional investigation. The goal of this research is to locate honorable examples for the female character who becomes the "nyaie" in a detail in this sense, the study theory employed a gender theory, specifically Richard A. Lippa's notions of nature and nurture. This research is the outcome of a library search. The data analysis was done in a descriptive-qualitative manner. Marsiti, like a lady"nyaie" (concubine) of a high-class Chinese, was lauded not only as a woman who satisfies her master's lust because of her beauty, sexiness, and service (nature) but also as a woman in a good social arrangement (nurture). Marsiti is seen as a "partner" who can be relied upon to help the master think through the various challenges that arise in his life as a result of his wimpiness, intelligence, and fidelity. In this case, the location of the woman "nyaie" in Kwee Tek Hoay's Cikembang Bunga Roos appears to be superior to the previous work.
Insecticidal activities of indigenous plants from Volta Region, Ghana in managing Sitophilus zeamais and Prostephanus truncatus in stored maize
Authors: ANKUTSE DAVID KODJO , EZIAH VINCENT YAO , AFREH-NUAMAH KWAME
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Ankutse DK, Eziah VY, Afreh-Nuamah K. 2021. Insecticidal activities of indigenous plants from Volta Region, Ghana in managing Sitophilus zeamais and Prostephanus truncatus in stored maize. Intl J Trop Drylands 5: 48-60. The rising rate of pest resistance, and the high expense and health risks associated with insecticide use, have become a source of public concern. This study aimed to discover and evaluate plant species used by farmers in the Volta Region to control Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky, 1855) and Prostephanus truncatus (Horn, 1878) in stored maize grains. In a survey, Azadirachta indica, Clausena anisata, Phyllanthus amarus, Picralima nitida, Vernonia amygdalina, Nauclea latifolia, and Momordica charantia were discovered to be grain protectants against stored insect pests. All of the plants indicated above were employed in the experiment, except for A. indica, which has a long history of being used to combat grain storage pests. The insecticidal activity of dried powders (5 and 10%) and aqueous extracts (0.1 and 0.2 g/mL) of plants against P. truncatus and S. zeamais was examined. Plant species and dose rate influenced repellency. In the V. amygdalina treatment, plant powders and methanol extracts were the most poisonous to insects. The toxicity of V. amygdalina to P. truncatus and S. zeamais was 83.3 and 86.7%, respectively, at higher concentrations of 0.2 g/mL. At 0.2 g/mL, all plant extracts exhibited a significant difference in Actellic repellent (P0.05); nevertheless, C. anisata had the highest repellent action against P. truncatus and S. zeamais, with 80.0 and 66.7%, respectively. As grains were treated with plant extracts, oviposition and egg emergence were reduced compared to the control. When embryonic stages of insects were treated with methanol extracts of botanicals, the number of adult insects decreased. These findings show that the studied plants have the potential to aid in the development of post-harvest protection technology against the principal pests of stored grains, P. truncatus and S. zeamais. As a result, farmers should use it to control P. truncatus and S. zeamais in stored maize grains.
What is co-production? Conceptualising and understanding co-production of knowledge and policy across different theoretical perspectives
Authors: Bandola-Gill Justyna , Arthur Megan , Leng Rhodri Ivor
Published: February 2022

Background:

‘Co-production’ is one of the key concepts in evidence-informed policy and practice – in terms of both its theoretical importance and its practical applications − being consistently discussed as the most effective strategy for mobilising evidence in policy and practice contexts. The concept of co-production was developed (almost) independently across multiple disciplines and has been employed in various policy and practice fields including environment, sustainability, and health.

Aims and objectives:

This paper surveys the literature to identify different meanings of co-production across different disciplinary bodies of knowledge. Such exploration is aimed at identifying the key points of convergence and divergence across different disciplinary and theoretical traditions.

Methods:

We performed a systematic search of Web of Science via a query designed to capture literature likely focusing on co-production, and then manually examined each document for relevance. Citation network analysis was then used to ‘map’ this literature by grouping papers into clusters based on the density of citation links between papers. The top-cited papers within each cluster were thematically analysed.

Findings:

This research identified five meanings of co-production, understood as a science-politics relationship, as knowledge democracy, as transdisciplinarity, as boundary management, and as an evidence-use intervention.

Discussion and conclusions:

Even though different clusters of scholarship exploring co-production are closely connected, this concept is mobilised to capture phenomena at different levels of abstraction – from post-structuralist theories of knowledge and power to specific strategies to be employed by researchers and policymakers.
Peep show: a framework for watching how evidence is communicated inside policy organisations
Authors: Gerblinger Christiane
Published: February 2022

Background:

Seeing how governments formulate decisions on our behalf is a crucial component of their ability to claim democratic legitimacy. This includes being seen to draw on the knowledge and evidence produced by their civil service policy advisers. Yet much of the advice provided to governments is being increasingly withdrawn from public accessibility.

Aims and objectives:

To counter this diminishing transparency, I propose a framework for observing how evidence is made and used in the political decision-making process. Although my framework is constructed within the Australian context, I hope to encourage its use in other government and policy settings.

Methods:

Using an example from my own research into the language of rejected policy advice, I construct a framework for locating how policy actors formulate and communicate their evidence. With primary material drawn from Freedom of Information releases, my framework qualitatively examines three impact factors with which to situate policy advice: text, organisational influences and the interplay between the front and back regions of politics and policy. To counter releases’ limitations, they are contextualised with publicly available, contemporaneous statements.

Findings:

Text displayed excessive detail, inviting multiple interpretations. Organisational influences suggested an insular culture over-reliant on its reputation. Interplay linked to evidence as ostensibly authority-imparting but ultimately adding to the lack of transparency around how political decisions were made.

Discussion and conclusions:

Even when processes are hidden from public view, they can be found. By connecting an array of impact factors, my framework here illuminated a complex choreography of civil servants communicating with their government about a contentious policy issue and revealed the political affordances they enabled in the process.
Understanding the volunteer motivations, barriers and experiences of urban and rural youth: a mixed-methods analysis
Authors: Pearce Sean , Kristjansson Elizabeth , Lemyre Louise , Takacs Trista
Published: February 2022

There is a growing need to promote volunteerism among youth, given the declining rates across Western countries, and the societal and individual benefits gained through community engagement. Research has focused on individual predictors of volunteerism, but little is known about the role of context, such as urban–rural differences when examining comparable cohorts. Using data from a Canadian survey and semi-structured interviews, we documented differences in volunteer motivations and barriers between urban and rural youth. Survey results showed that rural youth volunteered more hours if they had friends who volunteered, whereas urban youth invested more hours if they were motivated to explore their strengths. Qualitative findings highlighted the importance of networks as levers to formal and informal volunteering, especially for rural youth, and the unique social and structural barriers related to volunteerism depending on place of residence. Contextual factors should be considered when designing strategies to recruit and retain young volunteers.