bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Local 192 Fought for Academic Freedom and Civil Rights in Philadelphia, 1934-1941
Authors: Toloudis Nicholas
Published: June 2018

While historians have often discussed the American Federation of Teachers’ (AFT) expulsion of three of its locals in 1941 due to their Communist affiliations, only the two New York unions have been the subjects of sustained scholarly attention. This article examines AFT Local 192, the Philadelphia Teachers Union, during its heyday between 1934 and 1941. Using archival documents and newspaper accounts, it argues for the significance of Local 192 as an example of social justice unionism, combining commitments to robust advocacy of classroom teachers in city and state government, fighting for racial equality, and fostering deep social networks with the families whose children appeared in union teachers’ classrooms.
Frozen Section as a Rapid and Accurate Method for Diagnosing Acute Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Hennessy Max , McGinn Johnathan , White Bartholomew , Payne Sakeena , Warrick Joshua I. , Crist Henry
Published: June 2018

Objective

Identify methods to improve the frozen‐section diagnosis of acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis.

Study Design

Biopsies with frozen section for suspected acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis were reviewed to identify causes for missed diagnoses and evaluate methods for potential improvement.

Setting

All aspects of the study were performed at the Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center.

Subjects and Methods

All frozen sections performed for suspected acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis between 2006 through 2017 were reviewed with their diagnoses compared to the final diagnoses. Sensitivity and specificity were determined for each biopsy specimen to evaluate the diagnostic method and for each patient for its effectiveness on outcome. Causes for frozen‐section failures in diagnosis were identified. A periodic acid–Schiff stain for fungus (PASF) was modified for use on frozen tissue (PASF‐fs) and applied both retrospectively and prospectively to frozen sections to determine its ability to identify undetected fungus and improve diagnostic sensitivity.

Results

Of 63 biopsies positive for acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis, 51 were diagnosed on frozen section, while 61 were identified by including the novel PASF‐fs stain, reducing the failure rate from 19% to 3%. Of 41 cases that were positive, 34 were diagnosed on frozen section. Of the 7 that were not, 5 were identified by including the PASF‐fs, reducing the failure rate from 17% to 5%.

Conclusions

Frozen section interpretation of biopsies for suspected acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis using a PASF‐fs stain should enable a rapid and accurate diagnosis with improved outcomes by shortening the time to surgery.
Swallowing outcomes in patients with subcortical stroke associated with lesions of the caudate nucleus and insula
Authors: Im Ikjae , Jun Je-Pyo , Hwang Seungbae , Ko Myoung-Hwan
Published: June 2018

Objective

The present study was performed to investigate the relationships between swallowing outcomes and lesion location, bolus characteristics, and age in patients with subcortical stroke. Patients: Patients with subcortical and insular stroke (mean age, 57.38 ± 12.71 years) were investigated. All patients (n = 21) completed both brain magnetic resonance imaging studies and videofluoroscopic swallowing studies.

Main Outcome Measures

The oral transit duration, pharyngeal transit duration (PTD), laryngeal response duration, and Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) score were applied to examine the efficiency of propulsion and airway protection in three swallowing tasks. Path analyses were performed to assess the relationships between swallowing outcomes and lesion location, age, bolus viscosity, and bolus volume.

Results

Caudate nucleus (CN) lesions were associated with higher PAS scores. Insular lesions were associated with a longer PTD. Advanced age was associated with a longer PTD. Bolus viscosity significantly moderated the association between CN lesions and higher PAS scores.

Conclusions

In the present cohort, CN lesions impacted airway protection and insular lesions impacted pharyngeal transit. An increased bolus viscosity reduced the aspiration severity. These results suggest that lesion location is an important indicator to predict subsequent dysphagia in patients with subcortical stroke.
Power curve model classification to estimate wind turbine power output
Authors: Dongre Bharti , Pateriya Rajesh K
Published: June 2018

This article presents a comparative study of empirical power curve models to estimate the output power of the turbine as a function of the wind speed. In these models, modelling strategy relies on the objective of modelling, data being used for the modelling and targeted accuracy. It has been observed that models based on presumed shape of power curve lack desired accuracy since these are developed using the power ratings of wind turbine which are not sufficient to exactly replicate the turbine’s actual behaviour. The performance of various models which comes under manufacturer power curve modelling methodology has been compared with reference to commercially available wind turbines. It has been found that power curves obtained through method of least squares and cubic spline interpolation methods exactly match with manufacturer power curve, whereas 5PL method gives sufficiently accurate results. Modelling based on actual data of wind farm has been found to be a powerful technique for developing site-specific power curves.
Expanding Medicaid Coverage for Community-Based Long-Term Services and Supports: Lessons From Maryland’s Community First Choice Program
Authors: Burgdorf Julia , Wolff Jennifer , Willink Amber , Woodcock Cynthia , Davis Karen , Stockwell Ian
Published: June 2018

Community First Choice (CFC) is a Medicaid state plan option authorized through the Affordable Care Act (ACA) that supports the delivery of long-term services and supports in home and community settings. We interviewed stakeholders in Maryland, one of the first states to adopt CFC, to assess challenges, benefits, and potential implications of this Medicaid option for state and federal policy makers. Study findings suggest that expanding coverage for home- and community-based services through CFC in Maryland has been financially feasible, expanded the personal care workforce, and supported a more equitable approach to personal care services. We conclude that greater coverage for home- and community-based long-term services is a promising avenue to improve access to care for high-need Medicaid beneficiaries.
Current status of waste management in Botswana: A mini-review
Authors: Mmereki Daniel
Published: June 2018

Effective waste management practices are not all about legislative solutions, but a combination of the environmental, social, technical, technically skilled human resources, financial and technological resources, resource recycling, environmental pollution awareness programmes and public participation. As a result of insufficient resources, municipal solid waste (MSW) in transition and developing countries like Botswana remains a challenge, and it is often not yet given highest priority. In Botswana, the environment, public health and other socio-economic aspects are threatened by waste management practices due to inadequate implementation and enforcement mechanisms of waste management policy. This mini-review paper describes the panorama of waste management practices in Botswana and provides information to competent authorities responsible for waste management and to researchers to develop and implement an effective waste management system. Waste management practices in Botswana are affected by: lack of effective implementation of national waste policy, fragmented tasks and overlapping mandates among relevant institutions; lack of clear guidelines on the responsibilities of the generators and public authorities and on the associated economic incentives; and lack of consistent and comprehensive solid waste management policies; lack of intent by decision-makers to prepare national waste management plans and systems, and design and implement an integrated sustainable municipal solid waste management system. Due to these challenges, there are concerns over the growing trend of the illegal dumping of waste, creating mini dumping sites all over the country, and such actions jeopardize the efforts of lobbying investors and tourism business. Recommendations for concerted efforts are made to support decision makers to re-organize a sustainable waste management system, and this paper provides a reference to other emerging economies in the region and the world.
Impact and Feasibility of Implementing a Systematic Approach for Medication Therapy Management in the Community Pharmacy Setting: A Pilot Study
Authors: Murray Marie E. , Barner Jamie C. , Pope Nathan D. , Comfort Mark D.
Published: June 2018

Objective:

To determine how implementing a systematic medication therapy management (MTM) process impacted MTM completion rates.

Methods:

This process improvement pilot included 4 grocery store-based community pharmacy sites. Site staff were trained on a systematic process to integrate OutcomesMTM opportunities into pharmacy workflow. Technicians prepared MTM paperwork, including a standardized comprehensive medication review (CMR) worksheet, which pharmacists used to deliver the service at the counsel window. The primary outcome was the change in CMR completion rate from pre- to post implementation, with each site serving as its own control. Secondary outcomes were change in targeted intervention program (TIP) completion rate and survey results assessing barriers and feasibility.

Results:

The mean CMR completion rate improved from 2.7% ± 5.4% to 23.2% ± 7.7% ( P < .10). The mean TIP completion rate improved from 3.4% ± 4.2% to 24.9% ± 19.2% ( P < 0.10) pre- to post-implementation. Survey results indicated that pharmacists were satisfied with this; the most significant barriers were time spent contacting prescribers, documentation, and claim submission.

Conclusion:

Implementing this systematic approach to providing MTM into the pharmacy workflow may lead to an improvement in CMR completion rate. However, the sample size is small, and the results and process may not be generalizable to other sites.
Dental Dam Application for Endodontics in Dogs—A Novel Clamp Kit
Authors: Cardoso Miguel , Noites Rita , Catré Dora , Paulo Manuel , Viegas Carlos
Published: June 2018

Although rubber dams are widely used in endodontic treatment in humans with well-known advantages, their use in veterinary medicine is uncommon. The use of a dental rubber dam provides better control of cross-infection, prevents soft tissue contact of chemicals, and improves treatment efficiency. The purpose of this article is to describe a new line of clamps specifically designed for dogs and to review the procedure and materials used for isolating the operative field in endodontic patients. This new design of clamps, better adapted to canine tooth anatomy with different sizes and conformations, has been successfully used in dogs by the authors with good clinical results. The clamps allow for better adaptation to the tooth without injuring the gingiva or the furcation and provide increased retention of the dam for more effective isolation. Given the proven benefits in humans, the authors expect that the widespread use of a rubber dam with clamps specifically designed for canine dental anatomy will improve clinical outcomes in endodontics.
Model-based computational intelligence multi-objective optimization for gasoline direct injection engine calibration
Authors: Ma He , Li Ziyang , Tayarani Mohamad , Lu Guoxiang , Xu Hongming , Yao Xin
Published: June 2018

For modern engines, the number of adjustable variables is increasing considerably. With an increase in the number of degrees of freedom and the consequent increase in the complexity of the calibration process, traditional design of experiments–based engine calibration methods are reaching their limits. As a result, an automated engine calibration approach is desired. In this paper, a model-based computational intelligence multi-objective optimization approach for gasoline direct injection engine calibration is developed, which can optimize the engine’s indicated specific fuel consumption, indicated specific particulate matter by mass, and indicated specific particulate matter by number simultaneously, by intelligently adjusting the engine actuators’ settings through Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm 2. A mean-value model of gasoline direct injection engine is developed in the author’s earlier work and used to predict the performance of indicated specific fuel consumption, indicated specific particulate matter by mass, and indicated specific particulate matter by number with given value of intake valves opening timing, exhaust valves closing timing, spark timing, injection timing, and rail pressure. Then a co-simulation platform is established for the introduced intelligence engine calibration approach in the given engine operating condition. The co-simulation study and experimental validation results suggest that the developed intelligence calibration approach can find the optimal gasoline direct injection engine actuators’ settings with acceptable accuracy in much less time, compared to the traditional approach.
Selective Osmotic Shock for Islet Isolation in the Cadaveric Canine Pancreas
Authors: Thompson Elizabeth M. , Sollinger Jennifer L. , Opara Emmanuel C. , Adin Christopher A.
Published: June 2018

Currently, islet isolation is performed using harsh collagenases that cause nonspecific injury to both islets and exocrine tissue, negatively affecting the outcome of cell transplantation. We evaluated a novel islet isolation protocol utilizing high concentrations of glucose to cause selective osmotic shock (SOS). Islets have a membrane glucose transporter that allows adaptation to changes in glucose concentrations while exocrine tissue can be selectively destroyed by these osmolar shifts. Canine pancreata were obtained within 15 min after euthanasia from animals ( n = 6) euthanized for reasons unrelated to this study. Each pancreas was divided into 4 segments that were randomized to receive 300 mOsm glucose for 20 min (group 1), 600 mOsm for 20 min (group 2), 300 mOsm for 40 min (group 3), or 600 mOsm for 40 min (group 4). Islet yield, purity, and viability were compared between groups. Mean ± standard error of the mean islet yield for groups 1 to 4 was 428 ± 159, 560 ± 257, 878 ± 443, and 990 ± 394 islet equivalents per gram, respectively. Purity ranged from 37% to 45% without the use of density gradient centrifugation and was not significantly different between groups. Islet cell viability was excellent overall (89%) and did not differ between treatment protocol. Islet function was best in groups treated with 300 mOsm of glucose (stimulation index [SI] = 3.3), suggesting that the lower concentration of glucose may be preferred for use in canine islet isolation. SOS provides a widely available means for researchers to isolate canine islets for use in islet transplantation or in studies of canine islet physiology.
Pathways Taken by New Social Security Disability Insurance and Supplemental Security Income Awardees
Authors: Anand Priyanka , Ben-Shalom Yonatan
Published: June 2018

We use administrative data to examine the various milestones achieved and pathways followed by new Social Security Disability Insurance (DI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) awardees. Our findings show that 80% of DI-first awardees and 53% of SSI-first awardees either achieved none of the milestones we tracked in the 10 years after their initial award or their only milestone was death or attainment of full retirement age. Furthermore, many DI and SSI awardees who achieved work- or program-related milestones during the analysis period did not make additional progress toward exiting the program. For example, one third of DI-first and one fifth of SSI-first awardees who enrolled in employment services had no other milestones and one quarter of DI-first awardees who completed a trial work period either had no other milestones or their only additional milestone was enrolling in employment services. We also found that approximately one quarter of SSI-beneficiaries who later received DI had their SSI benefits suspended and terminated due to excess income that included DI payments as the only additional milestones. Finally, our analysis reveals great diversity in the paths taken to achieve work- and program-related milestones, which policy makers should consider when designing interventions to help awardees return to work.
Association of Genetic Variability in Selected Genes in Patients With Deep Vein Thrombosis and Platelet Hyperaggregability
Authors: Sokol Juraj , Skerenova Maria , Ivankova Jela , Simurda Tomas , Stasko Jan
Published: June 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability of the selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and examine the association between these SNPs and risk for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with sticky platelet syndrome (SPS). We examined 84 patients with SPS and history of DVT and 101 healthy individuals. We were interested in 2 SNPs within platelet endothelial aggregation receptor 1 (PEAR1) gene (rs12041331 and rs12566888), 2 SNPs within mkurine retrovirus integration site 1 gene (rs7940646 and rs1874445), 1 SNP within Janus kinase 2 gene (rs2230722), 1 SNP within FCER1G gene (rs3557), 1 SNP within pro-platelet basic protein (rs442155), 4 SNPs within alpha2A adrenergic receptor 2A (ADRA2A; rs1800545, rs4311994, rs11195419, and rs553668), and 1 SNP within sonic hedgehog gene (rs2363910). We identified 2 protective SNPs within PEAR1 gene and 1 risk SNP within ADRA2A gene (PEAR1: rs12041331 and rs12566888; ADRA2A: rs1800545). A haplotype analysis of 4 SNPs within ADRA2A gene identified a risk haplotype aagc ( P = .003). Moreover, we identified 1 protective haplotype within PEAR1 gene (AT, P = .004). Our results support the idea that genetic variability of PEAR1 and ADRA2A genes is associated with platelet hyperaggregability manifested as venous thromboembolism. The study also suggests a possible polygenic type of SPS heredity.
Unpacking the Associations Among Maltreatment, Disengagement Coping, and Behavioral Functioning in High-Risk Youth
Authors: Milojevich Helen M. , Russell Michael A. , Quas Jodi A.
Published: June 2018

Given the association between child maltreatment and a host of negative behavioral consequences, there remains a need to continue to identify mechanisms underlying this association as a means of improving intervention efforts. The present study examined one potential mechanism, namely, disengagement coping. We asked 6- to 17-year-old maltreated ( n = 249) and comparison ( n = 133) youth questions about emotional experiences that induced sadness and anger, strategies they used to cope with those emotions, and behavioral functioning (i.e., behavioral problems and aggression). Maltreated adolescents reported higher levels of behavioral problems and aggression relative to comparison adolescents, and adolescents who disengaged from emotional situations reported more behavioral problems relative to those who did not disengage. Tests of mediation suggested that, for adolescent-age youth, part of the association between maltreatment status and behavioral problems was explained by disengagement. In children, maltreatment was not associated with disengagement or behavioral problems. Results have implications for understanding age-related differences in the emotional and behavioral consequences of maltreatment.
Revision surgery for leg length inequality after primary hip replacement
Authors: McWilliams Anthony B , Lampropoulos Anastasios , Stone Martin H
Published: June 2018

Background:

We discuss the surgical results of revision surgery for patients with refractory symptomatic leg length inequality (LLI) after primary hip replacement.

Methods:

This is a retrospective review of 21 patients who underwent revision for LLI after primary total hip replacement. All of them were referred to a tertiary clinic between 2006 and 2015. Leg length was measured, to the nearest mm, using Woolson’s validated X-ray technique which references to centre of femoral rotation, the acetabular teardrop and the midpoint of the lesser trochanter. The post-operative clinical assessment using a modified D’Aubigne and Postel scoring system investigated the pain, function, and satisfaction after surgery.

Results:

The mean pre-revision LLI was 16.2 mm (8–30 mm). The mean post revision operation leg length inequality was 2.0 mm (12 mm short to 9 mm long). The mean post-operative D’Aubigne and Postel scores, achieved at a mean 12 months (6–30 months), were; pain 5.2 (3–6), function 4.6 (3–6) and satisfaction 4.4 (3–5). Following revision surgery 20 out of 21 (95%) patients were satisfied with the improvement in LLI.

Conclusion:

Revision surgery for LLI, while it may not resolve all of the pain that the patient presents with, it is a successful treatment for patients who do not respond to conservative management of their LLI.
Geometrically accurate infinitesimal-rotation spatial finite elements
Authors: Shabana Ahmed A
Published: June 2018

In this paper, a general procedure is used to develop new geometrically accurate infinitesimal-rotation finite elements (FE). New spatial beam, plate, and solid elements are developed in terms of constant geometric coefficients obtained using the matrix of position vector gradients. The spatial beam, plate, and solid element shape functions are developed using the displacement field of the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF). These elements are suited for developing reduced-order models for structural and multibody system (MBS) analyses, particularly when the floating frame of reference (FFR) formulation is used. The initial geometry of the new elements, referred to as the ANCF/FFR, is related to B-splines and NURBS (non-uniform rational B-splines) by a linear mapping, and therefore, their use does not lead to geometry distortion when geometry models are converted to analysis meshes. The main contribution of this technical note is the proposed general procedure for the development of the geometrically accurate spatial ANCF/FFR elements and demonstrating the use of this procedure by developing the ANCF/FFR displacement field of three different spatial elements.
First-in-Man Intrathecal Application of Neurite Growth-Promoting Anti-Nogo-A Antibodies in Acute Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Kucher Klaus , Johns Donald , Maier Doris , Abel Rainer , Badke Andreas , Baron Hagen , Thietje Roland , Casha Steven , Meindl Renate , Gomez-Mancilla Baltazar , Pfister Christian , Rupp Rüdiger , Weidner Norbert , Mir Anis , Schwab Martin E. , Curt Armin
Published: June 2018

Background. Neutralization of central nervous system neurite growth inhibitory factors, for example, Nogo-A, is a promising approach to improving recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI). In animal SCI models, intrathecal delivery of anti-Nogo-A antibodies promoted regenerative neurite growth and functional recovery. Objective. This first-in-man study assessed the feasibility, safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary efficacy of the human anti-Nogo-A antibody ATI355 following intrathecal administration in patients with acute, complete traumatic paraplegia and tetraplegia. Methods. Patients (N = 52) started treatment 4 to 60 days postinjury. Four consecutive dose-escalation cohorts received 5 to 30 mg/2.5 mL/day continuous intrathecal ATI355 infusion over 24 hours to 28 days. Following pharmacokinetic evaluation, 2 further cohorts received a bolus regimen (6 intrathecal injections of 22.5 and 45 mg/3 mL, respectively, over 4 weeks). Results. ATI355 was well tolerated up to 1-year follow-up. All patients experienced ≥1 adverse events (AEs). The 581 reported AEs were mostly mild and to be expected following acute SCI. Fifteen patients reported 16 serious AEs, none related to ATI355; one bacterial meningitis case was considered related to intrathecal administration. ATI355 serum levels showed dose-dependency, and intersubject cerebrospinal fluid levels were highly variable after infusion and bolus injection. In 1 paraplegic patient, motor scores improved by 8 points. In tetraplegic patients, mean total motor scores increased, with 3/19 gaining >10 points, and 1/19 27 points at Week 48. Conversion from complete to incomplete SCI occurred in 7/19 patients with tetraplegia. Conclusions. ATI335 was well tolerated in humans; efficacy trials using intrathecal antibody administration may be considered in acute SCI.
Paeoniflorin Antagonizes TNF-α-Induced L929 Fibroblastoma Cells Apoptosis by Inhibiting NF-κBp65 Activation
Authors: Lai Xiaoyu , Wei Jing , Ding Xinghong
Published: June 2018

Paeoniflorin (PF) is one of the main pharmacodynamic components of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr, which has a significant anti-inflammatory effect on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with a mechanism related to the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of PF in the apoptosis and expression of NF-κBp65 of L929 fibroblastoma cells induced by TNF-α. Our results showed that different concentrations of PF can significantly reduce the growth inhibition of L929 cells. Moreover, morphological observations, Hoechst 33342 staining, and flow cytometry detection of apoptosis showed that PF can significantly attenuate the TNF-α-induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis revealed that TNF-α induced the activation of NF-κBp65, whereas PF treatment had a marked dose-dependent suppression on it, which indicates that its action might be associated with inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway. These results show that PF exerts a beneficial effect on L929 cells to prevent TNF-α-induced apoptosis and expression of NF-κBp65, which would be helpful to clarify its role in the treatment of RA.
Theoretical and experimental study on load sharing of a novel power split spiral bevel gear transmission
Authors: Du Jinfu , Mao Jin , Cui Yahui , Liu Kai , Zhao Guorui
Published: June 2018

A load sharing analysis methodology is proposed for a new type of power split spiral bevel gearing system based on the closed-loop characteristic of the power flow. First, the mechanical structure model and the moment equilibrium equations of the system are constructed, and then the deformation compatibility equations describing the relationship between the moment and the normal deformation of tooth surface are derived. Second, an accurate model for load sharing calculation of a one-input-two-output working condition is proposed, and a general formula for the simplified engineering load distribution calculation is derived. Finally, an experiment is designed to demonstrate the feasibility of this method. It is found that the measured tooth root strain ratio of the 1–2 and the 1–4 branches coincides with the theoretical analysis results. The proposed analysis and experimental method provides a new approach for analyzing the load distribution of the power split gear transmission with a closed-loop power flow.
Aspirin versus placebo in pregnancies at high risk for preterm pre-eclampsia
Authors: Story Lisa , Nelson-Piercy Catherine
Published: June 2018

A recent multicentre placebo-controlled trial by Rolnick et al. has indicated that taking 150 mg aspirin daily in women at high risk of pre-eclampsia reduced the incidence of the disease from 4.3% to 1.5% in comparison with placebo. Although the findings of this study are important, a high proportion of women withdrew their consent and not all safety outcomes have been reported. This journal watch article discusses the paper in more detail.
The Power of the “Audience-Public”: Interactive Radio in Africa
Authors: Srinivasan Sharath , Diepeveen Stephanie
Published: June 2018

Scholars of media and politics mostly recognise that audiences and publics are constructed, but fall short of explaining precisely how their indeterminate and imagined nature can be the basis of their political significance. Interactive broadcast media provides a valuable empirical lens for inquiring into why this may be case. The convergence of newer digital communication technologies with more established radio and television broadcasts is shifting opportunities for news media to affect citizen-state relations. These possibilities are pronounced on the African continent, where mobile telephony and increasingly plural media landscapes have given rise to popular and widespread interactive talk shows. The involvement of audience voices alters the nature of the media space where political communication happens. Through a comparative study of interactive shows in Zambia and Kenya, this article interrogates what audience participation means for the political nature and possibilities of the interactive radio and TV broadcast. Ict shows how the indeterminate audience is the basis for competing ideas about power, authority, and citizenship among the different participants in the show, including politicians, media professionals, and audience members. The power of the “audience-public,” brought into being through the interactive broadcast, it is argued, arises from in-between these participants in public discussion, who each invest in multiple and competing imaginaries of the elusive audience in pursuit of diverse ends.
Local Atopy in Childhood Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy
Authors: Cho Kyu-Sup , Kim Seong Heon , Hong Sung-Lyong , Lee Jaeyoung , Mun Sue Jean , Roh Young Eun , Kim Young Mi , Kim Hye-Young
Published: June 2018

Background

Although the cause of adenotonsillar hypertrophy remains unknown, some studies have shown that allergy may be a risk factor.

Purpose

This study determined the levels of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) in the adenotonsillar tissues of children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and evaluated the clinical significance of local atopy in adenotonsillar tissues.

Methods

We measured 21 types of specific immunoglobulin E in the serum and adenotonsillar tissues of 102 children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and compared the sensitization patterns of the serum and local tissues. The patients were divided into three groups—atopy, local atopy, and nonatopy—according to the sensitization of serum and adenotonsillar tissues, and the clinical symptoms among the groups were analyzed.

Results

Seventy-two (70.6%) children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy were sensitized to more than one allergen in the serum and/or adenotonsillar tissue. Thirty (29.4%) children had no IgE positivity to any allergen in both serum and adenotonsillar tissues. Fifty-five (53.9%) were sensitized to at least one allergen in the serum. Seventy (68.6%) were sensitized to at least one allergen in the adenotonsillar tissue. Seventeen (36.2%) of 47 children with specific immunoglobulin E-negative serum had specific immunoglobulin E-positive adenotonsillar tissues. The rate of specific immunoglobulin E was significantly higher in local tissues than in serum. The rate of inhalant allergen specific immunoglobulin E was significantly higher in the adenoids than in the tonsils. However, the rate of food allergen specific immunoglobulin E was significantly higher in the tonsils than adenoids. The lifetime prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis, recent symptoms or treatment of allergic rhinitis, and severity of nasal symptoms (rhinorrhea, sneezing, and nasal itching) were significantly higher in children with local atopy than with nonatopy.

Conclusions

These results confirm that allergic response may be a risk factor for adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Local allergic inflammation may play an important role in childhood adenotonsillar hypertrophy, and local atopy in adenotonsillar tissues can cause respiratory allergic symptoms in children.
Transnasal Endoscopic Sphenopalatine Artery Ligation Compared With Embolization for Intractable Epistaxis: A Long-term Analysis
Authors: de Bonnecaze G. , Gallois Y. , Bonneville F. , Vergez S. , Chaput B. , Serrano E.
Published: June 2018

Background

Transnasal endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation (TESPAL) and selective embolization both provide excellent treatment success rate in the management of intractable epistaxis. Few long-term studies comparing these approaches have been previously published. Recommendations often present these techniques as alternatives, but there is no clear consensus.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy of sphenopalatine artery ligation versus embolization to control intractable epistaxis.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study including all patients referred to our tertiary medical center for severe epistaxis and treated by surgical ligation and/or embolization. The patients were classified into 2 groups: those who underwent TESPAL only and those who underwent endovascular embolization only. We evaluate and compare long-term clinical outcomes after surgical ligation or embolization for the control of intractable epistaxis in terms of effectiveness (recurrence rate) and safety (complication rate).

Results

Forty-one procedures of supraselective embolization and 39 procedures of surgical ligation for intractable epistaxis are reported and analyzed. No significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of demographic factors, comorbidities, or average length of hospital stay. The 1-year success rate was similar (75%) in both groups. Complications (minor and/or major) occurred in 34% cases in the embolization group and in 18% in the surgical group ( P = .09, ns). Bilateral embolization including facial artery was the only treatment method associated with a significant risk of complications ( P = .015).

Conclusion

TESPAL seems to provide a similar control rate with a decrease in the number of complications compared to selective embolization in the context of intractable epistaxis. Further studies are required.
Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy is as safe in septuagenarians or elder as in younger women
Authors: Vossaert Karlien , Housmans Susanne , Pacquée Stefaan , Callewaert Geertje , Cattani Laura , Van der Aa Frank , Wolthuis Albert , D’hoore André , Roelandt Philip , Deprest Jan
Published: June 2018

Background

Data concerning laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (LSCP) in elder women are scarce. We compared intra-operative and early-postoperative complications associated with laparoscopic colpo-, cervico-, or hysteropexy in women under and above 70 years.

Methods

Retrospective assessment by an independent investigator of a prospective cohort of 571 consecutive women undergoing LSCP in a tertiary unit over an 18-year period. Data included were patient demographics, operative variables, intra-operative, and early (≤ 3 months) postoperative complications. Complications were graded according to the Clavien-Dindo classification and mesh complications categorized using the International Urogynaecological Association (IUGA)-classification.

Findings

Median age was 66 (IQR 15, range 27-91) and 204 (35.7%) patients were older than 70 years. There were no deaths. Strategic conversion rate was 2.3% (13/571), the majority because of extensive adhesions yet early in our experience. Reactive conversion rate was 0.7% (4/571). Among 554 patients who had a completed LSCP, there were 20 intra-operative complications (3.6%), mostly bladder (1.3%) and vaginal (1.1%) injuries. Eighty-four patients had a total of 95 early-postoperative Dindo ≥ II complications (15.1%). Most common complications were infectious and treated medically (Dindo II). Clinically major complications are rare (III = 3.1% and IV = 0.2%). Reoperation for suspected bleeding (IIIb = 0.7%) was the most common reintervention, typically without demonstrable cause. Most mesh complications were vaginal exposures. Septuagenarians were not more likely to have an intra-operative (4.0 vs 3.3% < 70 years, p = 0.686) or early-postoperative complication (13.6 vs 16.0% < 70 years, p = 0.455) than younger patients. Mesh complications were also equally uncommon.

Conclusions

LSCP is as well-tolerated by women above 70 years as by younger women.
UK podiatrists' experiences of podiatry services for people living with arthritis: a qualitative investigation
Authors: McCulloch Louise , Borthwick Alan , Redmond Anthony , Edwards Katherine , Pinedo‐Villanueva Rafael , Prieto‐Alhambra Daniel , Judge Andrew , Arden Nigel K. , Bowen Catherine J.
Published: June 2018

Background

Provision of podiatry services, like other therapies in the UK, is an area that lacks guidance by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Many individuals living with arthritis in the UK are not eligible to access NHS podiatry services. The primary aim of this investigation was to understand the views of podiatry clinicians on their experiences of referral, access, provision and treatment for foot problems for patients who have arthritis.

Methods

Focus groups were undertaken to explore, in‐depth, individual views of podiatrists working in the UK to gain feedback on experiences of barriers and facilitators to referral, access, provision and treatment for foot problems for individuals living with arthritis. A purposive sampling strategy was adopted and two, semi‐structured, focus group interviews conducted, involving 12 podiatrists from both NHS and independent sectors. To account for geographical variations one focus group took place in each of 2 predetermined ‘zones' of the UK; Yorkshire and Hampshire. Thematic analysis was employed to identify key meanings and report patterns within the data.

Results

The key themes derived from the podiatry clinician focus groups suggest a variety of factors influencing demand for, and burden of, foot pain within the UK. Participants expressed frustration on having a service that accepts and treats patients according to their condition, rather than their complaint. Additionally, concern was conveyed over variations in the understanding of stakeholders' views of what podiatry is and what podiatrists aim to achieve for patients.

Conclusion

Podiatrists interviewed believed that many individuals living with arthritis in the UK are not eligible to access NHS podiatry services and that this may be, in part, due to confusion over what is known about podiatry and access criteria. Essentially, podiatrists interviewed called for a timely renaissance of current systems, to newer models of care that meet the foot care needs of individual patients' circumstances and incorporate national multi‐disciplinary guidance. Through this project, we have formulated key recommendations that are directed towards improving what other stakeholders (including GPs, commissioners and users of podiatry services) know about the effectiveness of podiatry and also to futureproof the profession of podiatry.
Physiological evaluation of the behavior and epidermis of freshwater planarians (Girardia tigrina and Girardia sp.) exposed to stressors
Authors: de Oliveira Matheus Salgado , Lopes Karla Andressa Ruiz , Leite Priscila Maria Sarmeiro Corrêa Marciano , Morais Flavia Villaça , de Campos Velho Nádia Maria Rodrigues
Published: June 2018

Planarians are metazoan freshwater flatworms which are free-living organisms. Their body has pluripotent stem cell promoters of tissue regeneration capacity. The water temperature and the potential of hydrogen (pH) of lentic ecosystems are important factors involved in the distribution and abundance of these animals. Although the pH factor is directly related to the physiology and behavior of planarians, their adaptive and regenerating capacities still remain unknown. The Critical Thermal Maximum (CTM) is a very widespread method used in the evaluation of thermal tolerance. In this study, Girardia tigrina (Girard, 1850) and Girardia sp., a species found in Brazil, which is under study as a new species, had their epidermis assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze their physiological structures before and after exposure to different stressors. SEM was used as a method to evaluate the planarians' epidermis as a result of the increasing temperature (CTM) and pH alterations, the latter with the use of a new methodology defined as Critical Hydrogen ion concentration Maximum (CHM). In increasing temperatures from 20°C to 37°C, both Girardia tigrina and Girardia sp. proved to be adaptable to thermal stress. Girardia sp. was shown to be more resistant to higher temperatures. However, Girardia tigrina was more resistant to extreme pH conditions (4.0 to 10.0). SEM analysis showed morphological differences among planarian species, such as the arrangement of the structures and cell types of the dorsal epidermis. Moreover, planarians demonstrated the ability to change the surrounding pH of their external environment in order to maintain the function of their physiological mechanisms, suggesting that these animals have a complex survival system, possibly related to protonephridia, flame cells and excretory pores.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Expressing the NOANET GNSS network to the Hellenic Geodetic Reference System of 1987 (HGRS1987): A synergy between Geodesy and Geodynamics
Authors: Ampatzidis Dimitrios , Kalamakis Nikolaos , Katsambalos Konstantinos Vasileios
Published: June 2018

In the present study we describe an algorithm which allows the expression of the coordinates of the NOANET (National Observatory of Athens CORS Network) to the official Greek geodetic reference system (HGRS87). The algorithm exploits the estimated velocities of twelve NONET stations. The main idea is to transform the coordinates (as well as the velocities) from the International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2008 (ITRF2008) to the HGRS1987. This is realised by (a) the use of the 3D time-dependent transformation model and (b) using the transformation tool provided by the Greek Cadastral and Mapping Agency. The final products are the projection coordinates (X,Y) and the orthometric heights of the twelve stations. We expect accuracy better than 10 cm for the projection coordinates, while for the estimation of the heights, the accuracy remains uncertain.
Distributed earthquake focal mechanisms in the Aegean Sea
Authors: Kiratzi A. , Benetatos C. , Roumelioti Z.
Published: June 2018

Nearly 2,000 earthquake focal mechanisms in the Aegean Sea and the surroundings for the period 1912- 2006, for 1.5 <M<7.5, and depths from 0 to 170 km, indicate a uniform distribution and smooth variation in orientation over wide regions, even for the very small magnitude earthquakes. ~ 60% of the focal mechanisms show normal faulting, that mainly strikes ~E-W. However, a zone ofN-S normal faulting runs the backbone of Albanides-Hellenides. Low-angle thrust and reverse faulting is confined in western Greece (Adria-Eurasia convergence) and along the Hellenic trench (Africa-Eurasia). In the central Aegean Sea the effect of the propagating tip of the North Anatolian Fault into the Aegean Sea is pronounced and strike-slip motions are widely distributed. Shearing does not cross central Greece. Strike-slip motions reappear in the Cephalonia-Lefkada Transform Fault zone and in western Péloponnèse, which shows very complex tectonics, with different types of faulting being oriented favourably and operating under the present stress-field. Moreover, in western Péloponnèse the sense of the observed shearing is not yet clear, whether it is dextral or sinistral, and this lack of data has significant implications for the orientation of the earthquake slip vectors compared to the GPS obtained velocity vectors.
Seismic observations with broadband instruments at Santorini volcano
Authors: Kolaitis A. , Papadimiriou P. , Kassaras I. , Makropoulos K.
Published: June 2018

Two arrays equipped with broadband sensors were installed for a period of 10 months, in order to study the seismic activity in the area of Santorini (Thira) volcano. During these periods, about 330 earthquakes were recorded and located within a radius of 50 km from the center of the caldera. An iterative damped traveltime inversion procedure yielded a local 1-D Ρ-wave velocity model and improved locations with an accuracy better than 5 Km in both horizontal and vertical components for 135 earthquakes. Those are mainly distributed within a depth range 5-18 Km, in the vicinity of the submarine Kolumbo Reef (NE of Santorini Island). Signal analysis of the recorded volcanic earthquakes including typical Fourier transformations and several operations in the time-frequency domain, allowed their dominant frequency determination and their classification into three groups based on waveform appearance and frequency content: (1) highfrequency events; (2) low-frequency events; and (3) volcanic tremor. Frequencytime analysis of tremor, detected at three stations, revealed two kinds of harmonic tremor with one sharp peak, at 3-5 Hz and 8.5-10 Hz.
Vertical & horizontal ground deformation of Santorini island deduced by DGPS measurements
Authors: Papageorgiou E. , Lagios E. , Vassilopoulou S. , Sakkas V.
Published: June 2018

Santorini is considered to be a dormant volcano with fairly high geodynamic unrest. Two major tectonic NE-SW trending fault zones, Kammeni and Columbo Lines, which intersect the main part of the volcanic edifice, have affected the magma flow at relatively shallow depths enabling the appearance of individual volcanic centers on the island. GPS measurements on a network of 18 stations were carried out in 1994 and 2005 in order to estimate the ground deformation, both in vertical and horizontal component. The results show that the highest amplitude of subsidence (45 mm) and uplift (51 mm) is noticed on Nea Kammeni and Cape Columbo, respectively. Considering the horizontal displacements, it appears that these sites were strongly affected by the above major faulting zones. They vary between 4 mm and 37 mm, where the highest amplitudes are observed at the south-western corner of Thera and Therassia Islands. Their directions seem to correlate with the observed subsidence in the caldera (deflation) and a probable inflation around the area of the sub-marine Columbo Volcano.
Critical-point behaviour in self-organizing systems: the September 1999 Athens earthquake and Stock Market correction
Authors: Tzanis A.
Published: June 2018

A quorum of observational and theoretical evidence indicates that seismogenesis is a critical phenomenon culminating with a large event that corresponds to some critical point: large earthquakes are preceded by the self-organization of the fault network and power-law acceleration of the seismic release rates. The stock market is not very different: the (interaction of the traders is usually irreversible and determines the value of the stock, which determines the actions of other traders etc. Thus, the stock market becomes a self-organizing system and exhibits strong analogies with other self-organizing systems, such as earthquakes. Positive feed-back is also important and may lead to trend-chasing and rapid escalation of stock price. There is ample evidence that market crashes and large corrections are often preceded by speculative bubbles with power law acceleration of the market price. In diabolic coincidence, both such crises were observed in Athens during the September of 1999. On 7/9 a moderate (M5.9) but destructive earthquake; around 22/9 the Athens Stock Exchange rally of the past few months crashed. Both phenomena were preceded by characteristic power-law acceleration, respectively in crustal deformation and market growth. Two very different complex dynamic systems are shown to exhibit similar collective behaviour, pointing out the apparent universality of natural order.