bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical modification and Physicochemical properties of new derivatives 5-(thiophen-3-ilmethyl)-4-R1-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol
Authors: Bihdan O.A. , Parchenko V.V.
Published: October 2021

Current trends in the search for new biologically active compounds among synthetic molecules have arguably proved a priority in studies of the heterocyclic 1,2,4-triazole system. For many years, 1,2,4-triazole derivatives remain the object of close attention of scientists of various scientific fields. The unique properties of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives include high reactivity, which allows different modification of this system, practical absence of toxicity of these derivatives and the presence of a wide range of biological, pharmacological properties, which in the complex provides the prerequisites for the creation of new biologically active compounds, and in the future, active pharmaceutical ingredients (AFI). The aim of our work is to investigate some transformations in a number of derivatives of 5-(thiophen-3-ylmethyl) -4-R1-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol, to study the physicochemical properties of the new synthesized compounds. A well-known fact remains the successful attempt of many scientists involved in the study of the heterocyclic 1,2,4-triazole system to synthesize potential biologically active compounds. The process of creating new molecules is very painstaking and requires considerable effort. The chemical approaches for the synthesis of the starting compounds required for further transformations are well known and described. Therefore, we used the corresponding N-R1-2 as intermediates for the synthesis of new 5-(thiophen-3-ylmethyl) -4-R1-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols appropriate ones were used N-R1-2-(2-(thiophen-3-yl) acetyl) hydrazinocarbothioamide.
Chemopreventive potential of Kayan Karpam (Traditional formulation) on B(A)P induced lung cancer in experimental mice
Authors: Munireddy Durga Devi , Venkatachalam Karthikkumar , Thangavelu Kalaichelvan Pudhupalayam
Published: October 2021

The main aim of the study was to evaluate the chemopreventive potential of Kayan Karpam (KK) against Benzo(a) Pyrene (B(a)P) induced lung carcinogenesis in experimental mice. In this study, we evaluated the impact of KK as an effective antioxidant and anticarcinogenic agent against B(a)P, a possible carcinogen present in cigarette smoke. All mice were randomly assorted into five groups. Group I mice served as control (Control), group II mice were received KK at the dosage of 250mg/kg b.wt. for 16 weeks. Groups III-VI received B(a)P at the dosage of 50mg/kg b.wt. weekly twice orally for the first 4 weeks. Further, along with B(a)P, group IV received KK, as like group 2 for 16 weeks, group V mice received B(a)P, as like groups 3 and 4, along with KK starting from the 9th week of the experimental period. We observed, that carcinogen induced mice treated with different treatment regimens of KK showed a potent chemopreventive action. Significant (P<0.05) increases in cellular enzymatic antioxidants such as SOD, CAT and GPx and levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants like GSH, vitamins E and C were noted in KK treated mice. Highly significant reductions were observed in the levels of lipid peroxidative by products and lung cancer marker enzymes like AHH, ᵧ-GT, 5’-ND and LDH in the mice administered with KK. Supplementation with KK to tumor bearing mice normalized the expression patterns of pro- and anti- apoptotic proteins (p21, Bax, Bcl-2), modulated NF-κB, and reduced the levels of COX-2. These findings further suggest the view that the Indian medicinal plants present in KK are promising sources of potential drugs against lung cancer.
In-vitro and in vivo studies of traditionally prepared Zingiber officinale juice for Antimitotic and Lethality activity
Authors: Sowmya Nadar , Singh Chouhan Raghavendra , Patel Kosha , Patel Harshil , Dodiya Tanvi , Mohan Maruga Raja Muthu Kumaradoss
Published: October 2021

According to the literature survey most of the studies done on Adarak (Zingiber officinale rhizome) were performed on alcoholic extracts or isolated entities of ginger but no profound work has been done on the traditionally prepared or commonly consumed way of ginger. So, in this current study, fresh ginger rhizomes were traditionally pounded to make Adarak juice. The different concentration (0.05%, 0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%) were taken as sample to perform onion root tip inhibition assay and brine shrimp lethality bioassay. It showed antimitotic inhibition in the range of 0.05-10% concentration with an IC50 value of 0.37 % on number of rootlets was 0.08 % on length of rootlets. The traditionally prepared Adarak juice showed cytotoxicity in the range of 0.05-2.5% concentration with LC50 value of 1.59%. The traditionally prepared Adarak juice possesses cytotoxic and antimitotic activity.
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration of Peppermint (Mentha piperita) extracts against standard microorganisms
Authors: Vasavada Hiral , Inampudi Sailaja
Published: October 2021

Different plant extracts are considerably safe from infectious agents and may be used for medical purposes. The present research was conducted against the six standard microorganisms to quantify the antimicrobial activities of peppermint (Mentha piperita) extracts. The traditional approaches of minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were used to approximate the antibacterial activities of ethanol, methanol, and chloroform peppermint extracts. The inhibitory function of the ethanol extract was comparable to that of chloroform (10 to 80mg/ml) and methanol (10 to 80mg/ml) against all gram-negative microorganisms. The minimum value of MIC was recorded for Streptococcus pyogenes (5mg/ml for extract of ethanol), followed by E. coli (10mg/ml for extract of ethanol) and then by Enterococcus faecalis (15mg/ml for extract of ethanol). With respect to the standard microorganisms, the MBC values were higher for both extracts than the corresponding MIC values. This work demonstrated the possible efficacy of antibacterial action on M. Piperita extracts from normal microorganisms (A. Baumenii, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae), particularly ethanol extract. In summary, the peppermint ethanol extract had important growth-inhibiting effects on observed standard micro-organisms, followed by chloroform and methanol extracts. Further to in vitro and in vivo studies on a wide variety of natural microorganisms and therapeutic isolates are required to investigate and standardize the inhibitory activity of peppermint extracts against the most dangerous human pathogenic agents.
Evaluation of Hepatoprotective effect of Phyllanthus niruri in experimental model of NAFLD
Authors: Mehta Manu , Gupta Sarika , Duseja Ajay
Published: October 2021

Background and AIM: Potential utilization of medicine from herbal origin is on the rise due to adverse effects of allopathic medicines. Phyllanthin extracted from Phyllanthus niruri has been shown to be effective in Hepatoprotective effect. Its therapeutic effect in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not much explored. The present study aim was to evaluate the role of phyllanthin in mice fed with methionine choline deficient (MCD) diet. Materials and Methods: Four–five week-old C57lb/6 mice were fed MCD diet for 4 weeks to develop experimental model of NAFLD in small animal research laboratory, PGIMER, Chandigarh. Phyllanthin extract and commercially available phyllanthin was used to assess the impact on NAFLD animal model. After recovery animal weight, liver function test, and lipid profile were measured. Data were showed as mean and standard deviation. Statistical analysis was executing using SPSS v21. Results: Data revealed that administration of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg crude extract significantly reduced (P<0.0001) bilirubin levels in MCDD mice (0.69±0.14 and 0.85±0.14) respectively. Administration of 400mg/kg phyllanthin significantly reduced SGOT in MCDD mice (23.3±11.87 vs. 50.17±7.68; P=0.002). Administration of 200mg/kg and 400 mg/kg crude extract significantly reduced SGPT in MCDD mice (29.4±14.39 and 21.80±6.12 respectively) (P<0.0001). Similarly, plant phyllanthin improved lipid profile in MCD animals. The plant phyllanthin does not have adverse effect on body weight. Conclusion: Out of the two test trails as plant phyllanthin and commercial phyllanthin, the former suggested hepatoprotective action, as it causes the reversal of damage in the hepatic profile due to NAFLD.
Phytochemical analysis and In vitro Antidiabetic activity of aqueous extract of Lagerstroemia speciosa and Aegle marmelos
Authors: K S Anandhu , Jose Manu , Kuriakose Sweety , P M Jayalakshmi
Published: October 2021

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hypoglycemia, resulting from absolute or relative deficiency of insulin. Worldwide about 220million people affected. Low-cost herbal treatment is recommended due to their lesser side effect. The aim of the current study was to determine the antidiabetic activity of aqueous leaf extracts of Lagerstroemia speciosa (Lythraceae) and Aegle marmelos (Rutaceae) using alpha amylase inhibition assay and glucose diffusion inhibition assay. In alpha amylase inhibition assay, the leaf extracts of A.marmelos (at a concentration 100µg/ml) exhibited 54.68% of α amylase inhibitory activity with an IC 50 values 92.04µg/ml whereas the leaf extracts of L. speciosa (at a concentration of 100µg/ml) exhibited 60.36% of α amylase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 68.19µg/ml .However the mixture of plant extracts (at a concentration of 100µg/ml) exhibited 94.87% inhibition with an IC50 value of 13.145µg/ml. Both plant extracts showed appreciable α amylase inhibitory effects, but the mixture showed more inhibitory effects than the individual plant extracts. In glucose diffusion inhibition assay, the aqueous extract of A. marmelos leaves exhibited maximum glucose diffusion inhibition (76.886%) at 150 minutes as well as L. Speciosa leaf extract showed the maximum inhibition of 79.5357% at the same time interval. The mixture of plant extracts exhibited 87.4274% inhibition at 150 minutes which produces more effects than the two plants.
Association of β-defensin 1 gene Polymorphism and dental caries susceptibility in Tamil Ethnicity
Authors: Subbiah Harini Venkata , Subbiah Usha , Ajith Athira
Published: October 2021

Dental caries is a multifactorial disease that affects a large proportion of the population with both genetic and environmental factors contributing to the disease. Even in healthy oral environmental conditions, some individuals are susceptible to dental caries due to potential genetic contribution. Antimicrobial peptides are expressed in oral cavity and play an important role against microbial colonization and form an important first line defense against cariogenic bacteria. In the present study, we attempt to identify genetic variants that would cause significant functional impact towards susceptibility to dental caries. We investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of beta-defensin 1 (DEFB1) as predictors of dental caries in tamil ethnic population. A total of 120 subjects were recruited for this study, which included 60 dental caries patients (DMFT>5) and 60 healthy controls (DMFT=0). Three SNPs of 5’UTR regulatory elements of DEFB1 were genotyped by PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. The genotypes associated with susceptibility to caries were found to be significant between rs11362 (p=.025, odds ratio = 3.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.289-10.742), rs1799946 (p=.023, odds ratio=4.32, 95% CI = 1.33-14.028) gene polymorphisms and risk of dental caries (DMFT>5) in tamil ethnicity. The variant genotype GG of rs1800972 polymorphism was found to be high in cases than controls but was not significant (p=0.136). Our data suggested that β-defensin 1 polymorphisms play a role in the susceptibility to dental caries.
RP–HPLC Method Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Paracetamol and Caffeine in Formulating Pharmaceutical Form
Authors: Mohammed Omer Jasim , Hamzah Mohammed Jassim , Saeed Ahmed Mahdi
Published: October 2021

A novel, simple and accurate, Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for simultaneous estimation of Paracetamol (PCM) and Caffeine (CAF) in mixture of standard and formulation tablets was validated in this research. The absorbance maximum of drugs using UV- spectroscopy was found at (244.8 and 272.6nm) for PCM and CAF respectively in deionized water: methanol mixture (60:40 V/V) as solvent. This method involves the separation of PCM and CAF on RP - HPLC Shimadzu type LC–20 - A, Japan, and Phenomenex column, C18 (250mm, 4.6mm and 5μm). The elution was done using an eluent phase composed of methanol and water in the ratio of (40:60 V/V with a pH adjusted at 4.0 using acetic acid). A separation was fixed for 10 min at 270nm, using a UV-Vis - detector and 1.0mL/min, flow rate and the drugs were eluted in (3.468 and 5.376 min) for PCM and CAF respectively. The suitable conditions such as the elution phase composition, rate of flow, pH and wavelength were studied. The linearity of the method was in the range of concentration within (0.5 – 25 and 0.1 - 30μg/mL), while, R2 values within (0.9995 and 0.9997), and the means of recovery were found within (99.57 and 100.36) for PCM and CAF respectively. The method was applied for the estimation of gradient active of drugs in different formulating form samples. The method accuracy was validated by the mean of recovery percentages which, were found in acceptable limit.
Method Development and Validation for Estimation of Istradefylline in Tablet Dosage form by RP-HPLC
Authors: Adireddy Krishna Kishore , Rao Baratam Srinivasa , Hari Pratap S Nagarjuna
Published: October 2021

A simple, rapid, accurate and precise RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of Istradefylline in table dosage form. Chromatographic analysis of the drug was achieved on Shimadzu HPLC comprising of LC- 20 AD binary gradient pump, a variable wavelength programmable SPD-20A detector and SCL system controller. C18G column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μ) as stationary phase with mobile phase consisting of 0.1 % orthophosphoric acid and acetonitrile in the ratio of 30: 70 v/v. The method showed a good linear response in the concentration range of 10-90 μg/ml with correlation coefficient of 0.9993. The flow rate was maintained at 1.0 ml/min and detection was carried out at 246 nm. The retention time was 3.125 min. The method was statistically validated for accuracy, precision, linearity, ruggedness, robustness, solution stability, selectivity and sensitivity. The results obtained in the study were within the limits of ICH guidelines and hence this method can be used for the determination of istradefylline in tablet formulation.
Microscopic Evaluation of Salvia stepposa Des.- Schost above - ground part widespread in Kazakhstan
Authors: Ya. K. Levaya , M. Yu. Ishmuratova , G. A. Atazhanova , I. N. Zilfikarov , I. V. Loseva
Published: October 2021

Microscopic analysis of medicinal plants and raw materials is one of the stages of quality control which makes it possible to determine the authenticity of an object. This article presents the results of microscopic analysis of leaves, corolla, leafstalks and stalk of Salvia stepposa (steppe sage). This species is a relative to Salvia officinalis officinal used in traditional medical systems as an anti-inflammatory agent. The purpose of this study is to determine the features of the anatomical structures of the above-ground part of steppe sage and to reveal diagnostic signs at the microscopic level. Preliminary pharmacognostic investigation of vegetative raw material is done and diagnostic signs are identified. The detail microscopy revealed the presence of 3 types of trichomes on leaves’ epidermis: 1) simple unicellular; 2) simple multicellular; 3) glandular; their localization and shape are determined. Type of mesophyll, structure of trichomes; form and location of epidermal cells, the presence of rare simple trichomes along the edge are discovered. As a result of the research the anatomical features of the raw material were established, which make it possible to identify the above-ground part of Salvia stepposa and can be used for the development of regulatory documentation.
Free Radical Scavenging potential of different extracts of Tabebuia roseo-alba (Ridl) Sand leaves
Authors: V. Suseela , L. Sushmita , R. Bharatkumar , R. Nirmaladevi
Published: October 2021

The present study was carried out to elucidate the in vitro free radical scavenging potential of various extracts of Tabebuia roseo-alba leaves. Assays for radical scavenging, such as DPPH, ABTS+, hydroxyl, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, nitric oxide assay and reducing power activity were performed using standard protocols and the results were compared with standard ascorbic acid. Among the various extracts used the ethanolic extract of T. roseo-alba exhibited efficient scavenging potential with lowest EC50 value proving its antioxidant potential. Leaves of T. roseo-alba have strong free radical scavenging properties and thus can be used as a potential antioxidant to resolve diseases that are associated with oxidative stress including diabetes and other age related disorders.
The Impact of several Antihypertensive drugs and Medicinal herbs on Induced hypertension in rabbits
Authors: Hasan Hayder Sabah , Hashim Imad , Al-Attar Zaid
Published: October 2021

Objective: To assess the antihypertensive efficacy of the medicinal plants used Hibiscus subdariffa, Plantago major, Teucrium polium. Moreover, we aim to Investigate the mechanisms of actions of tested agents. Design: Induced hypertension in experimental animals is tested against several drugs and medicinal plants extracts. Animals and materials: Hypertension was induced in experimental rabbits with phenylephrine 0.2mg/kg i.v. with increasing the dose (until Blood pressure>130/90mmHg). Rabbits were divided to 7 groups: Control, atenolol, furosemide, candesartan, Hibiscus subdariffa, Plantago major, Teucrium polium. ANOVA with Dunnett's test was implemented for statistical calculations with p<0.05 as significance level. Results: Candesartan was the most effective in lowering both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Concerning the blood flow, candesartan was found to be the most significantly effective drug in increasing blood flow followed by furosemide and Hibiscus subdariffa respectively. Concerning the urine output furosemide was found to be the most significantly effective drug in increasing urine output followed by Hibiscus subdariffa. The aqueous extracts of Plantago major and Teucrium polium showed no significant effect. Conclusions: Hibiscus subdariffa is effective as diuretic agent at the concentration mentioned. Its action involves diuretic and vasodilator effect. While aqueous extracts of Plantago major and Teucrium polium are not effective.
Durability of Asphalt Concrete Binder Course Using Salassa River Aggregate, North Toraja Regency
Authors: Gusta Salempa Caraka Jaya , Alpius  , Kamba Charles
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of immersion variations on the Durability of Intermediate Laston Mixtures. The methodology in this research is to design the specimens using Salassa River aggregate with a composition of 5.00% asphalt content with variations of immersion 0.5 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 96 hours. Marshall Immersion Test to get the Durability value due to variations in immersion The results showed that the durability of the asphalt mixture will decrease if it is submerged in water for too long and changes in temperature. Stability of the mixture will decrease if it is submerged in water for too long. The greatest stability is 1394.17 Kg, which means it meets the minimum specification standard of 800 kg. The flow of the asphalt mixture will change its plastic shape due to prolonged immersion. The largest flow value is 2.70. Flow on the asphalt mixture meets the standard specifications of 2-4 mm. The durability value for various immersions in the mixture of Laston Lapis Antara was the largest at 97.44% at 24 hour immersion, the smallest value at 80.62%. The limit of immersion tolerance is 48 hours with a value of 94.59%.
Utilization of Styrofoam Waste as Additive to AC-BC Mixture Using Bittuang River
Authors: Sambo Nelmayanti , Rachman Rais , Alpius
Published: October 2021

This study was intended to determine the characteristics of the mixture of intermediate layers of concrete with the addition of styrofoam waste in the mixture of intermediate layers of concrete. The composition of the mixture of intermediate lasts and Marshall test to get the characteristics of the mixture of intermediate layers of concrete with the addition of straw ash Styrofoam waste as a cement filler substitution. The results of testing the characteristics of the Asphalt Concrete – Binder Course (AC-BC) mixture using Styrofoam waste added material through the Conventional Marshall test, namely if the Styrofoam waste content is 1%, then the VIM, VMA, and Flow values decrease at each Styrofoam waste level, while for Stability and VFB values always increase at each level of Styrofoam waste. The Marshall Immersion test results obtained a Stability value of the mixture that could withstand Immersion for 24 hours.
Efficacy Of Robot-assisted Physiotherapy For Pain Management In Neurological Disorders-A Systematic Review
Authors: Anjum Okasha , Shaikh Hajra Ameer , Waheed Nida , Zaidi Syeda Wajeeha Raza
Published: October 2021

Efficacy Of Robot-assisted Physiotherapy For Pain Management In Neurological Disorders-A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Neurological disorders (ND) are ranked as the leading cause of death and disability around the globe and the escalating burden summons the advancements in the treatment strategies hence this systematic review aimed to fill the knowledge gap regarding the efficacy of robot-assisted physiotherapy (RAPT) for pain management in ND.

Methodology: Scientific trials were sought by an extensive search via electronic databases mainly PubMed, PEDro, and Scopus. Randomized controlled trials published from the year 2014 to April 2021, evaluating the potential effects of RAPT for pain management in ND were included in the review. The quality appraisal of the RCTs was analyzed via Cochrane tool for assessing risk of bias.

Results: The Majority of the trials reported the effectiveness of RAPT using PARO robot, Armeo spring, Gloreha robot, and robotic Lokomat gait training system in significantly improving pain of ND such as stroke, dementia, phantom syndrome, and spinal cord injuries.

Conclusions: Large body of evidence suggested RAPT as a potential solution in improving pain of various ND however further rigorous trials are necessary to draw conclusive recommendations.

Keywords: Neurological disorders, pain, physiotherapy management, rehabilitation, robot-assisted physiotherapy, robotics
The effectiveness of modern technologies in achieving the communicative goals of higher education institutions
Authors: Adam Ahmed Abo zaid Dr.Mazza
Published: October 2021

The study addressed the issue of the effectiveness of modern means in achieving the communicative goals of higher education institutions, Omdurman Islamic University as a model during period from 2018-2020.The problem of the study presented on the lack of employment of modern means to achieve the goals of the establishment properly in higher education. The study depend on the hypothesis which says modern means have achieved positive developments in the educational process, The study followed the descriptive method, and the study aimed at the modern means used in Omdurman Islamic University and presented the desired goals of using modern means in the educational process. The study concluded, in its practical and theoretical part, to a number of results, namely: The study confirmed that the benefits of using modern means in the educational process is the exchange of research and experiences internally and externally, and the study proved that one of the most important communication goals that have been achieved from the use of modern means are the events of continuous changes in teaching means.

The study concluded with the following recommendations: The necessity of activating continuous training for teachers, and modern advanced means must be used in the educational process.
Social networking sites and it’s refictions on the values of Saudi society
Authors: Mohammed Alsomali Ali , Salsh Basodan Amroo
Published: October 2021

This study dealt with the role played by social networking sites and their implications for the values of Saudi society. This study sought to determine the most used social networking sites by the Saudi society, to reveal their impact on the religious, moral and social values of the Saudi society, and to identify the challenges that result from the use of social networking sites on the values of Saudi society.

This study aims to determine the most used social networking sites by the Saudi society, and to reveal its impact on the religious, moral and social values of the Saudi society, and to identify the challenges that result from the use of social networking sites on the values of Saudi society.

      This study belongs to the matrix of descriptive studies. The researchers used the survey method by using the questionnaire tool. The study concluded that the What's App platform, followed by Twitter, is one of the most used social networking sites by the Saudi community the Saudis discussed social issues through the societal value index, and the sample members confirmed that social networking sites helped spread the Arabic language outside the borders through the language value index.

      This study recommended the need to use the time to benefit, especially since the use of social networking sites for more than three hours during the day is very much. Preserving the value of the Arabic language by avoiding writing with numbers or foreign letters or using the local and colloquial language.
Notas sobre violências e segurança pública no Brasil no trânsito Lésbicas Pretas Sapatonas
Authors: Sales Queiroz Rodrigo , Nepomuceno da Cruz Nayane , Dos Santos Noronha Valeria
Published: October 2021

O estudo apresenta reflexões sobre as violências e segurança pública no Brasil direcionada a lésbicas pretas sapatonas, compreendendo que o processo histórico colonizatório provocou um tipo de sociabilidade visando o apagamento de memórias, vivências e epistemes na América Latina, privilegiando o eurocentrismo, a branquitude e a heterossexualidade. Busca-se adentrar nesta construção do gênero no Sul Global, pensando as identidades lésbicas sapatonas pretas latinas, evidenciando a importância de análises interseccionais e descoloniais para o entendimento das violências que acometem suas existências e produção de novas epistemes.
International Real Estate Review
Authors: Eretveit Silje , Theisen Theis ,   University of Agder
Published: October 2021

We exploit the fact that cooperative dwellings carry different mutual debt to examine whether such debt is perfectly reflected in sales prices. When mutual debt in housing cooperatives is paid down through the rent, the differences in mutual debt result in rent differences. We use implicit information on expenditures of serving mutual debt contained in rent differences as an alternative method for studying efficiency in the cooperative housing market. Our results indicate that differences in mutual debt are perfectly reflected in prices, but that rent differences are less useful for examining housing market efficiency.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   RMIT University, Mintah Kwabena
Published: October 2021

Studies have demonstrated the potential of real options analysis (ROA) in property development decision-making. However, practitioners have yet to accept, adopt and integrate ROA in property development decision-making in Australia. This paper therefore investigates how Australian residential property developers manage uncertainties and risks, examines flexibility as a risk management tool, and evaluates the receptiveness and acceptance of ROA for decision making. Data are collected through face-to-face semi-structured interviews with twelve participants, and analysed by using thematic analysis. The results indicate that a discount rate is insufficient for managing uncertainties and risks; rather, contingency is used. Receptiveness and acceptance of the RO theory are mixed due to lack of unanimity among responses. Some participants are positive about flexibility, while others are dismissive. Beyond quantitative ROA models, the findings suggest that practitioners are receptive to ROA, but concerns remain over adoption. Flexibility cases executed by some participants in practice indicate that practitioners are subconsciously using ROA. Therefore, it is possible that acceptance and adoption could be achieved in the future. Evidence of the use of contingency as a risk management tool challenges the long-held notions of risk-return relationships in property development and investment. This is initial evidence of qualitative research on ROA in practice within Australian property developments.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   City University of Hong Kong, Chang Zheng
Published: October 2021

This study examines the causal effect of the recent inflow of high-skilled immigrants on the housing value of the properties of Hong Kong natives. We categorize homebuyers into local, Mainland Chinese, and other foreigners, and construct neighborhood-level housing profiles based on housing transactions from 2011 to 2016. We estimate the impact of immigrants on housing value at the neighborhood level. By using instrumental variable estimation, we find that recent immigrant inflow does not generate significant impact on the willingness of Hong Kong natives to pay for housing units.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   Deutsche Bundesbank, Fleischmann Benedikt , Fritz Carsten ,   University of  Regensburg, Sebastian Steffen ,   University of  Regensburg
Published: October 2021

With inflation rates remaining close to zero in all major developed economies for long periods of time, especially from 1998 - 2015, investors have become increasingly concerned about the potential effects of deflation on asset value. Negative inflation rates were observed between 1998 and 2009 in Hong Kong and Japan, and those economies faced several years of deflation. There is a rich body of literature on the effects of inflation hedging on the returns of stocks, bonds, and real estate. We examine asset returns for these products between 1986 and 2009, and use an ARIMA model to explore whether they offer a deflation hedge. We show that rents and real estate prices are closely linked to consumer prices, which confirms previous findings on inflation hedging. Since the relationship is generally positive and over proportional, we find that real estate is not an effective hedge against deflation. In contrast, we find no relationships between stocks or bonds and inflation. Only for Japanese bonds are we able to find a significantly negative relationship with unexpected deflation.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   National University of  Kaohsiung, Tsai I-Chun , Lin Che-Chun ,   National Tsing  Hua University.
Published: October 2021

This paper uses the house price indices of 20 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) across the United States from January 1991 to April 2018 to analyze the dynamic connectedness of the housing markets in these MSAs. By estimating the connectedness of the entire sample before, during, and after the subprime mortgage crisis, this paper compares the changes in the impact of each regional housing market in the abovementioned MSAs during the stated time period. The results show that housing markets in west coast MSAs are the most influential, and the spatial distribution of this influence is affected by the subprime mortgage crisis because, compared to other periods, the fewest MSAs have a positive net impact during the crisis period and are found along the coast. The influence of the west coast cities increases after the subprime mortgage crisis compared to that before the crisis, probably because the house prices in these cities recover more quickly. In addition, an increase in connectedness represents more systematic risks and also influences the connectedness of the housing markets with other financial markets. The results of this paper also indicate that if the Federal Reserve uses monetary policies to interfere with the housing market, this might increase the default risks of the entire housing market across the United States, and a financial crisis from the spread of default risks might ensue. By discussing the linkage of the regional housing markets across the United States, we provide another warning indicator for the risks of housing markets, risks linked to other financial markets, and uncertainty risks for the overall economy.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   Hanyang University, Jung Jinwoo , Jin Changha ,   Hanyang University
Published: October 2021

In this study, we estimate the housing wealth effect of households with different income levels. Since we expect the housing wealth effect to vary based on the different income levels, we use the threshold estimation technique developed in Hansen (1999) instead of imposing an exogenous criterion to divide the sample by income level. This econometric technique is developed for panels with individual-specific fixed effects. Therefore, we apply this econometric method on the findings in the existing literature to estimate the housing wealth effect, while considering the heterogeneity in different income categories. We obtain individual level data from the 2012 to 2016 Korea Household Finance and Welfare Survey (KHFWS) and find statistically significant threshold income levels, thus indicating households show different behaviors based on the threshold income. We provide the groundwork for future research to identify the target group who maximizes their wealth effect, which has housing policy implications.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   Gulf University for Science and Technology, Al-Abduljader Sulaiman T.
Published: October 2021

Regional interdependence among the real estate markets in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is tested by using a variety of techniques. Econometric tests that involve error correction, symmetric/asymmetric autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and structural time series models are utilized. The results reveal the absence of long-run relationships, thus indicating cross-sectional efficiency. However, strong evidence is found for both short and long-run dynamic interdependence when the model allows for asymmetric responses. Finally, the results from the structural time series modeling show that a weak form of interdependence is present, which partly shows that other factors of significant impact explain for the real estate fluctuation other than the corresponding prices of the neighboring countries. Plausible fiscal and monetary policy recommendations are presented.
International Real Estate Review
Authors:   University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Chu Yongqiang , Sing Tien ,   National University of Singapore
Published: October 2021

Developers make decisions around timing and intensity simultaneously when exercising a development option. Built on the early real options models, we allow the demand shock and the cost functions to be dependent on the intensity of real estate development. Based on a set of input parameters, the numerical results show that demand uncertainty delays development activities, and the rental elasticity to density change has an inverse effect on the deferment option values. In a market where the intensity impact on rental income is small, development activities are likely to be curtailed when market volatility increases. More empirical tests could be conducted on whether more smaller-scale projects are triggered in down markets relative to up markets.
Technological Laboratory for Pedagogical Innovation and Learning - (LaTIPA)
Authors: Ribeiro Eduardo
Published: October 2021

This article addresses the theoretical conceptions and purposes of creating the Technological Laboratory of Pedagogical Innovation and Learning (LaTIPA). From a theoretical review of technological innovation concepts in learning processes, the laboratory was systematized to create pedagogical innovations through innovative actions and projects involving applied technology. In this work, we present the theoretical conceptions that substantiate this proposal. The results of this project are expected to come to consolidate the exposed motivations.
Desenvolvimento Sustentável Rural na Baía da Babitonga: Projeto Multidisciplinar do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia e Ambiente (PPGTA)
Authors: Rhoden Sandro , Ribeiro Eduardo , Neuenlfedt Patrícia , Somensi Cleder , Faria Daniel , Alves Leandro
Published: October 2021

Neste presente artigo apresentamos os contextos e as concepções teóricas que fundamentaram o projeto de pesquisa multidisciplinar do Mestrado Profissional em Tecnologia e Ambiente (PPGTA) aplicada em uma propriedade rural na baía da Babitonga.  A propsosta metodológica deste trabalho é a convergência multidisciplinar de conhecimentos distintos, possibilitando a reflexão de diferentes perspectivas para a solução dos problemas intrínsecos da relação sociedade-natureza em determinado território. Dessa maneira, esta práxis científica passa a ser identificada como atitude e como método na produção de conhecimento desta área de avaliação. A proposta desta convergência multidisciplinar de conhecimentos no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia e Ambiente (PPGTA) está contemplada na área de concentração do curso que é o Desenvolvimento de Processos e Tecnologias Ambientais.
Conservation of criollo livestock in the United States: challenges and solutions
Authors: Sponenberg D. Phillip
Published: October 2021

Conservation of criollo breeds in the USA provides for the survival of unique genetic resources that remain productive in challenging environments. Conservation is difficult because most criollo breeds are local and have no formal organization of breeders. Successful conservation has depended on establishing accurate breed definitions and investigations of phenotype, history, and genetics. Organization of breeders and of breeding has been essential for the final success of conservation efforts. Each specific breed has met its own unique challenges. Among cattle breeds, Texas Longhorns needed an accurate breed definition as well as genetic investigations, whereas Florida Crackers needed organization. Spanish goats required definition, organization, and research into their productive potential. This has led to the Spanish goat now being secure as a popular choice for extensive production of goat meat. Navajo Churro sheep are maintained by ongoing phenotypic evaluation at each generation and careful attention to the frequency of phenotypic characteristics within the population. The other criollo sheep breeds in the USA (Louisiana, Gulf Coast, and Florida) have benefitted from genetic studies that demonstrate differences among the breeds and guide conservation of each of these related types in isolation one from the others. The organization of criollo swine has lagged behind the others, with the Duroc standing out as an exception that has become one of the main breeds in commercial hog production.
Heterosis para el desempeño productivo en el cruce de gallinas FAGRO y Maracay en la fase inicial de postura
Authors: Galíndez González Rafael , Duarte Campos Lissette
Published: October 2021

Con el objetivo de evaluar la heterosis y el desempeño productivo de las gallinas criollas venezolanasFAGRO, Maracay, FAGRO x Maracay y Maracay x FAGRO, se llevó a cabo un experimento en el Laboratorio Secciónde Aves, Facultad de Agronomía, UCV. Las gallinas se dispusieron en jaulas de manera aleatoria, en tríos del mismogrupo racial. Fueron trasladadas al galpón de postura cuando cumplieron 15 semanas de vida, se suministróalimento balanceado comercial a razón de 100 g – 110 g por ave. Se registró la postura diaria (PH), peso al inicio ysemanal de la gallina (PGPH, PGS) y del huevo (PPH, PHS). Se realizaron análisis de varianza incluyendo los efectosdel grupo racial y semana, se calculó la heteroris teórica y real, y se ejecutaron las pruebas de medias. El grupo racialafectó (P<0.05) el PGPH y la PH, resultando menos pesadas las gallinas FAGRO, con mayores PH para el grupoFAGRO x Maracay. Todos los caracteres mostraron comportamiento creciente (P<0.05) durante las semanas, sinefecto estadístico de la interacción grupo racial x semana. Asimismo, la heterosis no fue significativa para ningúnrasgo productivo. Se concluye que es preferible usar gallos FAGRO en el cruce;las gallinas criollas consideradas sonlivianas, con parámetros productivos acordes a genotipos criollos.
Análisis geoestadístico basado en variantes fenotípicas de tropas de llamas productoras de fibra del Norte de la Provincia de Jujuy, Argentina
Authors: Hubert Hick Michel Victor , Prieto Alejandro , Castillo Maria Flavia , Frank Eduardo
Published: October 2021

En el Norte de la Provincia de Jujuy (Argentina), la población de llamas conserva una gran variabilidadde sus características etnozootécnicas. En base al esquema sobre la evolución de las poblaciones pos-domesticación,se ha enunciado que dicha variabilidad determina una situación generalizada de primariedad, aunque existe unproceso de estandarización incipiente. El objetivo consistió en escoger las variantes fenotípicas (VFe) de loscaracteres etnozootécnicos que explicaron el proceso de estandarización en trabajos preliminares y realizar unanálisis geoestadístico que permita comprender la variación espacial en la población de Camélidos domésticos(llamas) a estudiar. Se utilizó información georreferenciada de 85 tropas del Norte de la Prov. de Jujuy realizadoentre 1991 y 2008. Las VFe escogidas fueron morfotipo calzado, diseño de mancha total, pigmentación de mechacrudo o ausente y tipos de mechas lustres, utilizando las respectivas frecuencias relativas (FRe, %) calculadas portropa. La mayor presencia de animales con dichas VFe es decir mayor FRe, son indicadoras de selección yestandarización. Se realizó un análisis geoestadístico el cual consistió en la transformación de las coordenadasgeográficas, obtención de un semivariograma empírico, evaluación del grado de estructuración espacial y ajuste dediferentes modelos de semivariograma y por interpolación kriging, obtención de un mapa de variabilidad espacial(MVs) para cada variante fenotípica. Se realizó el análisis geoestadístico a partir del modelo exponencial el cualpresentó los mejores y elevados valores de estructuración espacial. Los MVs de dichas VFe mostraron unaimportante variación espacial indicando una importante primariedad generalizada con valores bajos de FRe y porotra parte confirman la existencia de un área bien delimitada en la parte central y superior (Cieneguillas) convalores elevados de FRe y un proceso de estandarización. Mediante el análisis geoestadístico se pudo observar demanera eficiente y clara la variación espacial que presentan las tropas de llamas estudiadas.
Pembinaan Akhlak Siswa Melalui Integrasi Pesantren Dan Sekolah (Studi Analisis Di Smk Ma’arif 1 Kebumen)
Authors: Mugiarto
Published: October 2021

Abstract

The role of the cottage pesantern in fostering morals already uncontested again with a lot of challenges and temptations for the life of the students. This study aims to describe and learn about the role of boarding school in fostering promiscuity teen in SMK Ma'arif 1 Kebumen. This study is a field research and types of qualitative research. Data collection techniques using observation, documentation and interviews. The data analysis technique that used qualitative descriptive analysis which consists of 3 grooves of the activities that take place simultaneously, namely data reduction, data presentation and withdrawal of conclusion. This technique is used as a reference for the writing of the results of research and facilitate understanding of the description, which presented the results of the end of the study. The research will be looking the role of the pesantren in the development of character in SMK ma'arif 1 Kebumen. Expected from the coaching to the youth as the next generation can give birth to a generation better. The generation that is able to maintain values but can contribute to the development of the Indonesian nation from the physical and spiritual.

Keywords: Coaching, Chastity, Integration, Boarding School, School.
STABILITY STUDY OF TRIPHALA CHURNA
Authors:   Indian Drugs Research Association & Laboratory, 561/B, Shivajinagar, Pune – 411005, India., Desai A. , Savardekar M.
Published: October 2021

Triphala Churna is an Ayurvedic preparation, prepared by mechanical mixing of three fruit pericarppowders, Emblica officinalis Gaertn., Terminalia belerica Roxb. and Terminalia chebula Retz. It is soldin the market as over the counter drug and mainly used for constipation problems. The raw material wascollected from the market, after confirming the appropriate time of collection, to get the fresh material.Triphala Churna was prepared as per the Ayurvedic Formulary of India, under the supervision of anAyurvedic manufacturer. In the present study the stability of the preparation was studied as per ICHguidelines. The samples were incubated in stability chamber for accelerated studies (A) and long termstudies (L). One set of samples was kept at ambient temperature and humidity for real time study (R).The samples were intermittently re-tested for organoleptic characters, physicochemical parameters andassay of the total tannins. It was observed that the results go along with the standard Ayurvedic text. Thepreparation has very short life when assessed on the basis of total tannins.
SYNTHESIS AND ANTITUBERCULAR ACTIVITY OF NOVEL BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Pravara Rural College of Pharmacy Pravaranagar, Loni 413713, M. S.India., Jadhav S. G , Pattan S. R.
Published: October 2021

A new series of substituted benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized by N-Mannich base reaction and the structures of these compounds have been established on the basis of spectral analysis. All the compounds have been screened for antitubercular activities. Some of these compounds have shown promising antitubercular activity.
PHARMACOGNOSTICAL EVALUATION OF JUSTICIA GENDARUSSA BURM.
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS University Mysore-570015, Karnataka, India., Krishna K. L. , Mruthunjaya K.
Published: October 2021

Justicia gendarussa (JG) is a shade-loving, quick-growing, evergreen shrub mostly found in moist areas,which grows along the beds of streams in the Himalayas. In Indian and Chinese traditional medicine,the leaf of the plant is recommended to treat ailments such as fever, hemiplegia, rheumatism, arthritis, headache, earache, muscle pain, respiratory disorders and digestive trouble. The physicochemical and pharmacognostical evaluation was carried out according to the official methods mentioned in The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. The parameters such as foreign matter, ash value, moisture content were determined. Qualitative analysis of different phytochemicals present in the plant was done and powder microscopical characters were recorded. The microscopical feature of leaf of Justicia gendarussais reported. In the study, an attempt is made to fix the standards for Justicia gendarussa, which can be utilised in identification and authentification of purity of the plant.