bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phototrophic extracellular electron uptake is linked to carbon dioxide fixation in the bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris
Authors: Guzman Michael S. , Rengasamy Karthikeyan , Binkley Michael M. , Jones Clive , Ranaivoarisoa Tahina Onina , Singh Rajesh , Fike David A. , Meacham J. Mark , Bose Arpita
Published: March 2019

Extracellular electron uptake (EEU) is the ability of microbes to take up electrons from solid-phase conductive substances such as metal oxides. EEU is performed by prevalent phototrophic bacterial genera, but the electron transfer pathways and the physiological electron sinks are poorly understood. Here we show that electrons enter the photosynthetic electron transport chain during EEU in the phototrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1. Cathodic electron flow is also correlated with a highly reducing intracellular redox environment. We show that reducing equivalents are used for carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation, which is the primary electron sink. Deletion of the genes encoding ruBisCO (the CO2-fixing enzyme of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle) leads to a 90% reduction in EEU. This work shows that phototrophs can directly use solid-phase conductive substances for electron transfer, energy transduction, and CO2 fixation.
Numerical representations for flow velocity and shear rate inside electromagnetically levitated droplets in microgravity
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Lee Jonghyun , Hyers Robert W. , Matson Douglas M.
Published: March 2019

Electromagnetic levitation techniques are used in a microgravity environment to allow materials research under containerless conditions while limiting the influence of gravity. The induced advective flow inside a levitated molten alloy droplet is a key factor affecting solidification phenomena while potentially influencing the measurement of thermophysical properties of metallic alloy. It is thus important to predict the flow velocity under various operation conditions during melt processing. In this work, a magnetohydrodynamic model is applied over the range of conditions under which electromagnetically levitated droplets are processed to represent the maximum flow velocity and shear rate as a polynomial function of heating voltage, density, viscosity, and electrical conductivity of molten materials. An example is given for the ternary steel alloy Fe-19Cr-21Ni (at%) to demonstrate how internal advection under different heater settings becomes a strong function of alloy temperature and is a determining factor in the transition from laminar to turbulent flow conditions. The results are directly applicable to a range of other materials with properties in the range considered, including Ni-based superalloys, Ti-6Al-4V, and many other commercially-important alloys.
A prophylactic α-Gal-based glycovaccine effectively protects against murine acute Chagas disease
Authors: Portillo Susana , Zepeda Brenda G. , Iniguez Eva , Olivas Janet J. , Karimi Nasim H. , Moreira Otacilio C. , Marques Alexandre F. , Michael Katja , Maldonado Rosa A. , Almeida Igor C.
Published: March 2019

Chagas disease (ChD), caused by the hemoflagellate parasiteTrypanosoma cruzi, affects six to seven million people in Latin America. Lately, it has become an emerging public health concern in nonendemic regions such as North America and Europe. There is no prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine as yet, and current chemotherapy is rather toxic and has limited efficacy in the chronic phase of the disease. The parasite surface is heavily coated by glycoproteins such as glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored mucins (tGPI-mucins), which display highly immunogenic terminal nonreducing α-galactopyranosyl (α-Gal)-containing glycotopes that are entirely absent in humans. The immunodominant tGPI-mucin α-Gal glycotope, the trisaccharide Galα1,3Galβ1,4GlcNAc (Galα3LN), elicits high levels of protectiveT.cruzi-specific anti-α-Gal antibodies in ChD patients in both the acute and chronic phases. Although glycoconjugates are the major parasite glycocalyx antigens, they remain completely unexplored as potential ChD vaccine candidates. Here we investigate the efficacy of theT.cruziimmunodominant glycotope Galα3LN, covalently linked to a carrier protein (human serum albumin (HSA)), as a prophylactic vaccine candidate in the acute model of ChD, using the α1,3-galactosyltransferase-knockout (α1,3GalT-KO) mouse, which mimics the human immunoresponse to α-Gal glycotopes. Animals vaccinated with Galα3LN-HSA were fully protected against lethalT.cruzichallenge by inducing a strong anti-α-Gal antibody-mediated humoral response. Furthermore, Galα3LN-HSA-vaccinated α1,3GalT-KO mice exhibited significant reduction (91.7–99.9%) in parasite load in all tissues analyzed, cardiac inflammation, myocyte necrosis, and T cell infiltration. This is a proof-of-concept study to demonstrate the efficacy of a prophylactic α-Gal-based glycovaccine for experimental acute Chagas disease.
The variations in the East Asian summer monsoon over the past 3 kyrs and the controlling factors
Authors: Yamada Katsura , Kohara Kazuma , Ikehara Minoru , Seto Koji
Published: March 2019

The mechanisms driving the variations in the centennial-scale East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) remain unclear. Here, we use the δ18O records from adult ostracode shells to reconstruct the EASM variations over the last 3 kyrs in southwestern Japan. A common variation with a 200 yr periodicity among the Asian monsoonal regions was recognized between BC 800 and BC 100. Since then, neither a correlation between the EASM variation and solar activity or a common EASM variation through EASM regions has been identified. The evidence reveals that solar activity dominantly affected the centennial-scale EASM variations throughout Asian monsoonal regions until BC 100. Furthermore, factors other than solar activity that varied and differed in specific regions controlled the EASM intensity due to decreasing summer solar insolation in the Northern Hemisphere after BC 100. These relations indicate that the dominant factor that affects the EASM variations shifts according to the solar insolation intensity.
Genome-Wide Association Study of Major Agronomic Traits in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L.) Using ddRAD Sequencing
Authors: Jaiswal Vandana , Gupta Sarika , Gahlaut Vijay , Muthamilarasan Mehanathan , Bandyopadhyay Tirthankar , Ramchiary Nirala , Prasad Manoj
Published: March 2019

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica), the second largest cultivated millet crop after pearl millet, is utilized for food and forage globally. Further, it is also considered as a model crop for studying agronomic, nutritional and biofuel traits. In the present study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed for ten important agronomic traits in 142 foxtail millet core eco-geographically diverse genotypes using 10 K SNPs developed through GBS-ddRAD approach. Number of SNPs on individual chromosome ranged from 844 (chromosome 5) to 2153 (chromosome 8) with an average SNP frequency of 25.9 per Mb. The pairwise linkage disequilibrium (LD) estimated using the squared-allele frequency correlations was found to decay rapidly with the genetic distance of 177 Kb. However, for individual chromosome, LD decay distance ranged from 76 Kb (chromosome 6) to 357 Kb (chromosome 4). GWAS identified 81 MTAs (marker-trait associations) for ten traits across the genome. High confidence MTAs for three important agronomic traits including FLW (flag leaf width), GY (grain yield) and TGW (thousand-grain weight) were identified. Significant pyramiding effect of identified MTAs further supplemented its importance in breeding programs. Desirable alleles and superior genotypes identified in the present study may prove valuable for foxtail millet improvement through marker-assisted selection.
Mechanism for the Structural Transformation to the Modulated Superconducting Phase of Compressed Hydrogen Sulfide
Authors: Majumdar Arnab , Tse John S. , Yao Yansun
Published: March 2019

A comprehensive description of crystal and electronic structures, structural transformations, and pressure-dependent superconducting temperature (Tc) of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) compressed from low pressure is presented through the analysis of the results from metadynamics simulations. It is shown that local minimum metastable crystal structures obtained are dependent on the choice of pressure-temperature thermodynamic paths. The origin of the recently proposed ‘high-Tc’ superconducting phase with a modulated structure and a diffraction pattern reproducing two independent experiments was the low pressure Pmc21 structure. This Pmc21 structure is found to transform to a Pc structure at 80 K and 80 GPa which becomes metallic and superconductive above 100 GPa. This structure becomes dynamically unstable above 140 GPa beyond which phonon instability sets in at about a quarter in the Γ to Y segment. This explains the transformation to a 1:3 modulation structure at high pressures proposed previously. The pressure trend of the calculated Tc for the Pc structure is consistent with the experimentally measured ‘low-Tc phase’. Fermi surface analysis hints that pressurized hydrogen sulfide may be a multi-band superconductor. The theoretical results reproduced many experimental characteristics, suggesting that the dissociation of H2S is unrequired to explain the superconductivity of compressed H2S at any pressure.
Frontal and parietal alpha oscillations reflect attentional modulation of cross-modal matching
Authors: Misselhorn Jonas , Friese Uwe , Engel Andreas K.
Published: March 2019

Multisensory perception is shaped by both attentional selection of relevant sensory inputs and exploitation of stimulus-driven factors that promote cross-modal binding. Underlying mechanisms of both top-down and bottom-up modulations have been linked to changes in alpha/gamma dynamics in primary sensory cortices and temporoparietal cortex. Accordingly, it has been proposed that alpha oscillations provide pulsed inhibition for gamma activity and thereby dynamically route cortical information flow. In this study, we employed a recently introduced multisensory paradigm incorporating both bottom-up and top-down aspects of cross-modal attention in an EEG study. The same trimodal stimuli were presented in two distinct attentional conditions, focused on visual-tactile or audio-visual components, for which cross-modal congruence of amplitude changes had to be evaluated. Neither top-down nor bottom-up cross-modal attention modulated alpha or gamma power in primary sensory cortices. Instead, we found alpha band effects in bilateral frontal and right parietal cortex. We propose that frontal alpha oscillations reflect the origin of top-down control regulating perceptual gains and that modulations of parietal alpha oscillations relates to intersensory re-orienting. Taken together, we suggest that the idea of selective cortical routing via alpha oscillations can be extended from sensory cortices to the frontoparietal attention network.
Evaluating digital medicine ingestion data from seriously mentally ill patients with a Bayesian Hybrid Model
Authors: Knights Jonathan , Heidary Zahra , Peters-Strickland Timothy , Ramanathan Murali
Published: March 2019

The objective of this work was to adapt and evaluate the performance of a Bayesian hybrid model to characterize objective temporal medication ingestion parameters from two clinical studies in patients with serious mental illness (SMI) receiving treatment with a digital medicine system. This system provides a signal from an ingested sensor contained in the dosage form to a patient-worn patch and transmits this signal via the patient’s mobile device. A previously developed hybrid Markov-von Mises model was used to obtain maximum-likelihood estimates for medication ingestion behavior parameters for individual patients. The individual parameter estimates were modeled to obtain distribution parameters of priors implemented in a Markov chain-Monte Carlo framework. Clinical and demographic covariates associated with model ingestion parameters were also assessed. We obtained individual estimates of overall observed ingestion percent (median:75.9%, range:18.2–98.3%, IQR:32.9%), rate of excess dosing events (median:0%, range:0–14.3%, IQR:3.0%) and observed ingestion duration. The modeling also provided estimates of the Markov-dependence probabilities of dosing success following a dosing success or failure. The ingestion-timing deviations were modeled with the von Mises distribution. A subset of 17 patients (22.1%) were identified as prompt correctors based on Markov-dependence probability of a dosing failure followed by a dosing success of unity. The prompt corrector sub-group had a better overall digital medicine ingestion parameter profile compared to those who were not prompt correctors. Our results demonstrate the potential utility of a Bayesian Hybrid Markov-von Mises model for characterizing digital medicine ingestion patterns in patients with SMI.
Disease-associated mutations of claudin-19 disrupt retinal neurogenesis and visual function
Authors: Wang Shao-Bin , Xu Tao , Peng Shaomin , Singh Deepti , Ghiassi-Nejad Maryam , Adelman Ron A. , Rizzolo Lawrence J.
Published: March 2019

Mutations of claudin-19 cause Familial Hypomagnesaemia and Hypercalciuria, Nephrocalcinosis with Ocular Involvement. To study the ocular disease without the complications of the kidney disease, naturally occurring point mutations of human CLDN19 were recreated in human induced pluripotent cells or overexpressed in the retinae of newborn mice. In human induced pluripotent cells, we show that the mutation affects retinal neurogenesis and maturation of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). In mice, the mutations diminish the P1 wave of the electroretinogram, activate apoptosis in the outer nuclear layer, and alter the morphology of bipolar cells. If mice are given 9-cis-retinal to counter the loss of retinal isomerase, the P1 wave is partially restored. The ARPE19 cell line fails to express claudin-19. Exogenous expression of wild type, but not mutant claudin-19, increases the expression of RPE signature genes. Mutated claudin-19 affects multiple stages of RPE and retinal differentiation through its effects on multiple functions of the RPE.
Single-cell analysis reveals the effects of glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde on individual Nosema bombycis spores
Authors: Miao Zhenbin , Zhang Pengfei , Zhang Yu , Huang Xuhua , Liu Junxian , Wang Guiwen
Published: March 2019

Single-cell analysis based on optical techniques offers new understanding of the action underlying the use of aldehyde disinfectants against microsporidia spores.
Improved crystal quality of non-polar a-plane GaN epi-layers directly grown on optimized hole-array patterned r-sapphire substrates
Authors: Wang Caiwei , Jiang Yang , Die Junhui , Yan Shen , Hu Xiaotao , Hu Wei , Ma Ziguang , Deng Zhen , Jia Haiqiang , Chen Hong
Published: March 2019

The characteristics of a-plane GaN films directly grown on silicon dioxide (SiO2) hole-array patterned r-sapphire substrates (HPSS) were investigated in this work.
DFT study of furfural conversion on a Re/Pt bimetallic surface: synergetic effect on the promotion of hydrodeoxygenation
Authors: Dong He , Zheng Ying , Hu P.
Published: March 2019

DFT calculations reveal that the oxygen-containing species prohibit the hydrodeoxygenation of furfural on a Re/Pt bimetallic system.
Ionic liquid-high performance extractive approach to recover carotenoids fromBactris gasipaesfruits
Authors: de Souza Mesquita Leonardo M. , Ventura Sónia P. M. , Braga Anna R. C. , Pisani Luciana P. , Dias Ana C. R. V. , de Rosso Veridiana V.
Published: March 2019

A more sustainable extractive approach to obtain carotenoids from an underexplored tropical biomass was developed by applying ethanolic-based ionic liquid solutions. This process is, not only more efficient and biocompatible, but also more economic and environmentally friendly.
Preparation of N-doped yellow carbon dots and N, P co-doped red carbon dots for bioimaging and photodynamic therapy of tumors
Authors: Zhao Jing , Li Futian , Zhang Shen , An Ying , Sun Shuqing
Published: March 2019

We report on the preparation of N, P co-doped red carbon dots and their applications in bioimaging and photodynamic therapy of tumors.
MnO@graphene nanopeapods derived via a one-pot hydrothermal process for a high performance anode in Li-ion batteries
Authors: Xiao Zhihua , Ning Guoqing , Yu Zhiqing , Qi Chuanlei , Zhao Lu , Li Yun , Ma Xinlong , Li Yongfeng
Published: March 2019

MnO@graphene nanopeapods were synthesized via a facile one-pot hydrothermal process with the aid of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS). The material delivers remarkable lithium storage capacities with excellent cycling performance as anodes for Li ion batteries.
Highly selective conversion of methanol to propylene: design of an MFI zeolite with selective blockage of (010) surfaces
Authors: Cai Dali , Wang Ning , Chen Xiao , Ma Yunhai , Hou Yilin , Li Xinghua , Zhang Chenxi , Chen Zhaohui , Song Wenlong , Arslan Muhammad Tahir , Li Yiru , Wang Yao , Qian Weizhong , Wei Fei
Published: March 2019

Olefin selectivity is enhanced in methanol-to-propylene over ZSM-5 by surface-selective silica coating. Anisotropic diffusion path is controlled.
Reduction of blood volume required to perform paper-based hematocrit assays guided by device design
Authors: Fernandes Syrena C. , Baillargeon Keith R. , Mace Charles R.
Published: March 2019

We demonstrate device design considerations that enable the scaling of a paper-based microfluidic device to measure the hematocrit of whole blood using only 10 μL of sample.
Robust and superwetting island-shaped phytate bimetallic oxyhydroxide porous nanoclusters via a mild self-assembly—etching–catching—electrochemical oxidization strategy for an enhanced oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Wang Yanqing , Li Yuemeng , Ding Liping , Xu Xi , Chen Zhe , Li Chaojiang , Ding Jun
Published: March 2019

Robust and superwetting island-shaped PBMO porous nanoclusters via a mild self-assembly—etching–catching—electrochemical oxidization strategy for an enhanced OER.
Sydnone-based turn-on fluorogenic probes for no-wash protein labeling and in-cell imaging
Authors: Plougastel Lucie , Pattanayak Manas R. , Riomet Margaux , Bregant Sarah , Sallustrau Antoine , Nothisen Marc , Wagner Alain , Audisio Davide , Taran Frédéric
Published: March 2019

Fluorogenic sydnone-based turn-on probes allow efficient labeling of proteins and cell imaging through a bioorthogonal strained promoted sydnone–alkyne cycloaddition reaction.
Dimers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: the missing pieces in the soot formation process
Authors: Mercier X. , Carrivain O. , Irimiea C. , Faccinetto A. , Therssen E.
Published: March 2019

Experimental evidence supporting the existence of PAH dimers in the proximity of the soot nucleation region of a methane laminar diffusion flame.
Rechargeable polyamide-basedN-halamine nanofibrous membranes for renewable, high-efficiency, and antibacterial respirators
Authors: Wang Ru , Li Yuyao , Si Yang , Wang Fei , Liu Yitao , Ma Ying , Yu Jianyong , Yin Xia , Ding Bin
Published: March 2019

Polyamide-basedN-halamine nanofibrous membranes exhibiting powerful and rechargeable biocidal activity, together with high and renewable air filtration performance, were fabricated.
Spectrophotometric and photocatalytic studies of H-bonded charge transfer complex of oxalic acid with imidazole: single crystal XRD, experimental and DFT/TD-DFT studies
Authors: Khan Ishaat M. , Alam Kehkashan , Alam Mohammad Jane , Ahmad Musheer
Published: March 2019

The photocatalytic activity of a new CT complex was tested. Spectrophotometric studies were performed to understand its formation through N+–H⋯O− hydrogen bonding, and the structure was confirmed by single crystal XRD.
A 3-D nanoribbon-like Pt-free oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalyst derived from waste leather for anion exchange membrane fuel cells and zinc-air batteries
Authors: Soni Roby , Bhange Siddheshwar N. , Kurungot Sreekumar
Published: March 2019

In this work, leather is used as a single source of carbon and heteroatoms to derive a 3-D nanoribbon-like ORR electrocatalyst for AEMFC and zinc–air battery.
Late-stage C–H amination of abietane diterpenoids
Authors: Lapuh María Ivana , Dana Alejandro , Di Chenna Pablo H. , Darses Benjamin , Durán Fernando J. , Dauban Philippe
Published: March 2019

Application of Rh(ii)-catalyzed C–H amination reactions allows the selective late-stage diversification of abietane diterpenoids.
One-shot synthesis and solution properties of ROS/pH responsive methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polycarbonate
Authors: Zhang Yan , Xu Yue , Wei Chao , Sun Chuanhao , Yan Bingkun , Hu Jieni , Lu Wei
Published: March 2019

A one-shot method was employed to synthesize ROS/pH responsive methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polycarbonate (mPEG-b-poly(MN-co-MSe)) with the selenide and tertiary amine groups situated on the backbone.
Crosslinked terpolymers of vinylidene fluoride, perfluoro-3,6-dioxa-4-methyl-7-octene sulfonyl fluoride, and cure site monomers for membranes in PEMFC applications
Authors: Colpaert Maxime , Zaton Marta , Ladmiral Vincent , Jones Deborah , Rozière Jacques , Ameduri Bruno
Published: March 2019

Radical terpolymerisations of perfluorintaed ω-cyano monomers, vinylidene fluoride and perfluoro(4-methyl-3,6-dioxaoct7-ene) sulfonyl fluoride are presented.
Phosphazene superbase catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of cyclotetrasiloxane toward copolysiloxanes with high diphenyl siloxane content
Authors: Shi Jinfeng , Zhao Na , Xia Shuang , Liu Shaofeng , Li Zhibo
Published: March 2019

PDMS-ran-PDPS copolysiloxanes with varying diphenyl siloxane contents (up to 64 mol%) are readily prepared by phosphazene catalyzed ROP.
Post annealing induced manipulation of phase and upconversion luminescence of Cr3+ doped NaYF4:Yb,Er crystals
Authors: Nannuri Shivanand H. , Kulkarni Suresh D. , K. Subash C. , Chidangil Santhosh , George Sajan D.
Published: March 2019

Co-dopant (Cr3+ ion) concentration as well as post annealing found to change the structural as well as luminescence properties of Cr3+ ion doped NaY80%F4:Yb17%,Er3% prepared via a co-precipitation method.
Polyoxometalates as components of supramolecular assemblies
Authors: Stuckart Maria , Monakhov Kirill Yu.
Published: March 2019

The non-covalent interactions between polyoxometalates and inorganic- and organic-based moieties give rise to functional nanoassemblies with diverse potential in applied science.
cIAP1 promotes proliferation and migration and prevents apoptosis in gallbladder cancer in vitro
Authors: Su Wei , Jiang Xiaojie , Chen Mingyuan , Huang Maotuan , Tang Nanhong , Wang Xiaoqian , Li Xiujin , She Feifei , Chen Yanlin
Published: March 2019

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a demanding fatal disease with no ideal treatment for inoperable patients. Recent reports have determined TNF-α associated lymphatic metastasis in GBC, while its resistance to TNF-α-killing remains largely unexplored. In this assay, we first found cellular inhibitor of apoptosis (cIAP1) overexpressed in GBC tissues and the roles in promoting the proliferation and migration of GBC in vitro as its homology cIAP2 does. Then how GBC cell survives TNF-α toxicity and TNF-α-induced apoptosis first prevail as follows. The reduction in cIAP1 does not give rise to apoptosis even with the stimulation of TNF-α. Importantly, the loss of cIAP1 enhanced TNF-α/cycloheximide-induced apoptosis in higher activation statuses of Caspase-8, Caspase-3 without the induction of Complex Ⅱ. In response to TNF-α, the reduction in cIAP1 caused the suppression in nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and inhibition of transcription of cell death regulator cellular FLICE-like Inhibitory Protein (c-FLIP) instead. To conclude, cIAP1 is an oncological protein abundant in GBC tissues, which enhances proliferation and immigration and blocks TNF-α from apoptosis through NF-κB pathway in vitro.
The histone chaperoning pathway: from ribosome to nucleosome
Authors: Pardal Alonso J. , Fernandes-Duarte Filipe , Bowman Andrew J.
Published: March 2019

Nucleosomes represent the fundamental repeating unit of eukaryotic DNA, and comprise eight core histones around which DNA is wrapped in nearly two superhelical turns. Histones do not have the intrinsic ability to form nucleosomes; rather, they require an extensive repertoire of interacting proteins collectively known as ‘histone chaperones’. At a fundamental level, it is believed that histone chaperones guide the assembly of nucleosomes through preventing non-productive charge-based aggregates between the basic histones and acidic cellular components. At a broader level, histone chaperones influence almost all aspects of chromatin biology, regulating histone supply and demand, governing histone variant deposition, maintaining functional chromatin domains and being co-factors for histone post-translational modifications, to name a few. In this essay we review recent structural insights into histone-chaperone interactions, explore evidence for the existence of a histone chaperoning ‘pathway’ and reconcile how such histone-chaperone interactions may function thermodynamically to assemble nucleosomes and maintain chromatin homeostasis.
Post-translational modifications and chromatin dynamics
Authors: Tolsma Thomas O. , Hansen Jeffrey C.
Published: March 2019

The dynamic structure of chromatin is linked to gene regulation and many other biological functions. Consequently, it is of importance to understand the factors that regulate chromatin dynamics. While the in vivo analysis of chromatin has verified that histone post-translational modifications play a role in modulating DNA accessibility, the complex nuclear environment and multiplicity of modifications prevents clear conclusions as to how individual modifications influence chromatin dynamics in the cell. For this reason, in vitro analyses of model reconstituted nucleosomal arrays has been pivotal in understanding the dynamic nature of chromatin compaction and the affects that specific post-translational modifications can have on the higher order chromatin structure. In this mini-review, we briefly describe the dynamic chromatin structures that have been observed in vitro and the environmental conditions that give rise to these various conformational states. Our focus then turns to a discussion of the specific histone post-translational modifications that have been shown to alter formation of these higher order chromatin structures in vitro and how this may relate to the biological state and accessibility of chromatin in vivo.
Late line‐of‐sight check and partially updating for faster any‐angle path planning on grid maps
Authors: Zhang Changwu , Tang Yuchen , Liu Hengzhu
Published: March 2019

Path planning is a classic decision problem in computer games and robotics. It is common to discretise the continuous planning space into grids with blocked cells to represent obstacles. Any‐angle path planning methods, such as Theta* and Lazy Theta*, use line‐of‐sight check (LoS‐Check) to find the nearly shortest path because the path will not be constrained to grid edges. The authors propose a new method called Late LoS‐Check A* (LLA*), which contains two parts: employing the delayed LoS‐Check to reduce the collision detection amount (late LoS‐Check) and partially updating the path cost of the successor vertexes based on A* (partially updating). The experiment results show that LLA* costs less execution time than Lazy Theta* and retains even shorter path length. Through reducing the LoS‐Check amount, the planning will be faster, but the path length will hardly be shorter. Therefore, it is the discriminatory updating strategy that makes both the path length and execution time of LLA* shorter than those of Lazy Theta*.
Voltage‐extrapolative charge balance controller with charge compensation for flyback converter operating in DCM
Authors: Zhang Xiaofeng , Min Run , Ji Bin , Zhang Donglai , Wang Yi , Li Jiannong
Published: March 2019

This study presents a voltage‐extrapolative charge balance (VECB) controller with charge compensation for flyback converter operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). Compared with conventional charge balance controller, the VECB controller benefits from voltage extrapolation, which improves the transient response to load disturbance. Based on the output voltage differential value, a voltage extrapolator calculates the output voltage after two switching cycles under the influence of discharge. Furthermore, the extrapolated voltage is used to calculate the reference charge for the next switching cycle. The VECB controller eliminates the lag in calculating the reference charge, which improves the transient response to load disturbance. Closed‐loop small signal models under VECB and conventional charge balance controls are derived and compared to prove the improvement. Furthermore, charge damping and its influence to the output voltage are intensely studied. To minimise the influence, a constant factor is adopted to carry out charge compensation, which is proved to be adequate. Finally, the effectiveness of VECB controller is verified on a flyback converter prototype.
Magnetic orientation system based on magnetometer, accelerometer and gyroscope
Authors: Chu Zhiwei , Chen Chilai , Liu Youjiang , Wang Yingxian , Lin Xinhua
Published: March 2019

Magnetic orientation systems have widely been used by measuring the earth magnetic field and provide a pervasive source of directional information. However, to obtain the high precision, orientation systems must be compensated prior to use for the various errors of magnetometers such as the bias, misalignment and inconsistence in sensitivity, and the pitch and roll angles, especially in dynamic state. In this study, magnetic orientation system mainly consist of three single‐axis magnetometers, a tri‐axis accelerometer and a tri‐axis gyroscope were developed. An error‐separation method was introduced to calibrate magnetometers. Data from magnetometers, accelerometer and gyroscope were fused based on Kalman filtering. In addition, accelerometer and gyroscope were also calibrated before data fusion. Experimental results showed the heading error of magnetic orientation system was about 0.1° in a static state, and <3° in a dynamic state, which proved the effectivities of the calibration methods and data fusion algorithm.
Analysis of full disc Ca II K spectroheliograms
Authors: Chatzistergos Theodosios , Ermolli Ilaria , Krivova Natalie A. , Solanki Sami K.
Published: March 2019

Context. Reconstructions of past irradiance variations require suitable data on solar activity. The longest direct proxy is the sunspot number, and it has been most widely employed for this purpose. These data, however, only provide information on the surface magnetic field emerging in sunspots, while a suitable proxy of the evolution of the bright magnetic features, specifically faculae/plage and network, is missing. This information can potentially be extracted from the historical full-disc observations in the Ca II K line.

Aims. We use several historical archives of full-disc Ca II K observations to derive plage areas over more than a century. Employment of different datasets allows the identification of systematic effects in the images, such as changes in instruments and procedures, as well as an assessment of the uncertainties in the results.

Methods. We have analysed over 100 000 historical images from eight digitised photographic archives of the Arcetri, Kodaikanal, McMath-Hulbert, Meudon, Mitaka, Mt Wilson, Schauinsland, and Wendelstein observatories, and one archive of modern observations from the Rome/PSPT. The analysed data cover the period 1893–2018. We first performed careful photometric calibration and compensation for the centre-to-limb variation, and then segmented the images to identify plage regions. This has been consistently applied to both historical and modern observations.

Results. The plage series derived from different archives are generally in good agreement with each other. However, there are also clear deviations that most likely hint at intrinsic differences in the data and their digitisation. We showed that accurate image processing significantly reduces errors in the plage area estimates. Accurate photometric calibration also allows precise plage identification on images from different archives without the need to arbitrarily adjust the segmentation parameters. Finally, by comparing the plage area series from the various records, we found the conversion laws between them. This allowed us to produce a preliminary composite of the plage areas obtained from all the datasets studied here. This is a first step towards an accurate assessment of the long-term variation of plage regions.
Soigner l’enfant confronté à la violence parentale
Authors: de Becker Emmanuel
Published: March 2019

La confrontation de l’enfant à la violence conjugale génère potentiellement des dommages qui vont perdurer dans le temps. En soi, il s’agit bien d’un contexte de maltraitance, l’enfant étant à la fois témoin et victime. Les conséquences cliniques variées et multiples peuvent être présentes même lorsque le contexte violent a cessé. Elles s’expriment tant directement chez l’enfant dont on peut observer la transformation à travers divers symptômes qu’indirectement par le biais de modifications dans ses liens avec chacun de ses parents. L’article développe les problématiques de ces violences en mettant en évidence d’une part les multiples répercussions potentielles sur l’enfant, leur compréhension sur le plan psychopathologique et d’autre part quelques aspects d’aide et de soins qui s’avèrent pertinents. Aujourd’hui encore il s’avère capital de rappeler combien il y a lieu d’intervenir le plus tôt possible afin de réduire les portées traumatiques.
Schwangerschaftsbegleitende Behandlung bei hereditärer Dysfibrinogenämie nach wiederkehrendem Schwangerschaftsverlust
Authors: Zimmermann Robert , Peisl Julia , Geisen Christoph , Körber Stephanie , Achenbach Susanne , Hackstein Holger
Published: March 2019

Eine Dysfibrinogenämie kann zu Blutungen oder Thrombosen sowie zu Geburtskomplikationen führen. Letztere beinhalten frühzeitige Schwangerschaftsverluste, Blutungen, vorzeitige Plazentaablösung und Thrombosen. Es gibt nur wenige Fallberichte mit Behandlungsempfehlungen für Schwangerschaften bei betroffenen Frauen. Wir berichten über eine inzwischen 34-jährige Frau, bei der es zwischen 2013 und 2015 zu 4 aufeinanderfolgenden Frühaborten kam. Bei der Vorstellung in unserer Ambulanz berichtete die Patientin von einer Neigung zu Blutergüssen, aber keine weiteren Blutungen und keine thromboembolischen Ereignisse. Laboruntersuchungen ergaben einen verminderten Quick-Wert, eine verlängerte Thrombinzeit, eine stark verlängerte Reptilasezeit und Fibrinogenkonzentrationen von 67 mg/dl (Clauss-Methode) und 387 mg/dl (Immunturbidimetrie). Bei der Patientin wurde eine Dysfibrinogenämie diagnostiziert. Die molekularbiologische Untersuchung ergab die Mutation c.103C>T (p.Arg35Cys) im Exon 2 des FGA-Gens (Synonym Aα 16Arg→Cys-Substitution). Während der 5. und 6. Schwangerschaft wurde die Patientin mit einem niedermolekularen Heparin unter Verwendung der empfohlenen Prophylaxedosis für erhöhtes Thromboserisiko behandelt. Gleichzeitig erhielt die Patientin 3 × wöchentlich Fibrinogenkonzentrat (3 × 2 g pro Woche). Darunter verliefen beide Schwangerschaften ereignislos. Schwangerschaftskomplikationen wurden in vielen Fällen berichtet, wenn der funktionell aktive Fibrinogenspiegel unter 0,6 g/l lag (Clauss-Methode). Nach der erstmaligen Feststellung einer Dysfibrinogenämie bei einer Frau ohne offensichtliche Blutungsneigung und ohne thromboembolische Ereignisse in der Anamnese erscheint aus unserer Sicht die empfehlenswerte Vorgehensweise, Fibrinogen zu substituieren und gleichzeitig niedermolekulare Heparine zu geben, um sowohl Blutungen als auch Thrombosen und Schwangerschaftsverluste zu verhindern.
DEGUM 2018: Hochintensiver fokussierter Ultraschall
Authors: Eiden Petra
Published: March 2019

Nachdem der Ultraschall lange Zeit vor allem in der Diagnostik eine Rolle gespielt hat, kommt der hochintensive fokussierte Ultraschall (HIFU) zunehmend auch als innovative Option in der Therapie zum Einsatz. Hierzu gehören zum Beispiel die Behandlung des inoperablen Pankreas- sowie des inoperablen Leberkarzinoms.
SABCS 2018: Brustkrebs-Rezidivprophylaxe
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: March 2019

Eine Prophylaxe mit nur 5 mg Tamoxifen statt der empfohlenen Tagesdosis von 20 mg ist offenbar auch wirksam zur Rezidivprophylaxe eines Mamma-karzinoms im frühen Krankheitsstadium. Darauf deuten die Ergebnisse einer Phase-III-Studie nach einem medianen Follow-up von 5,1 Jahren hin, berichtete Prof. Andrea De Censi, Genua/Italien, auf dem SABCS 2018.
Whole-Body MRI in Children and Adolescents – S1 Guideline
Authors: Schaefer Jürgen F. , Berthold Lars Daniel , Hahn Gabriele , von Kalle Thekla , Moritz Jörg Detlev , Schröder Cornelia , Stegmann Joachim , Steinborn Marc , Weidemann Jürgen , Wunsch Rainer , Mentzel Hans-Joachim
Published: March 2019

Whole-body MRI is an imaging method that uses advanced modern MRI equipment to provide high-resolution images of the entire body. The goal of these guidelines is to specify the indications for which whole-body MRI can be recommended in children and adolescents and to describe the necessary technical requirements.

Citation Format
ASH 2018: Thromboseprophylaxe bei ambulanten Tumorpatienten
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: March 2019

In der CASSINI-Studie hat sich bei ambulanten Krebspatienten ein risikoadaptierter Ansatz in der Thromboseprophylaxe bewährt: Patienten mit hohem Risiko für venöse Thromboembolien (VTE) profitieren von der antithrombotischen Primärprävention mit Rivaroxaban mit einer Reduktion der VTE-Rate und VTE-bedingter Todesfälle. Zudem hat sich mit Rivaroxaban erneut ein Nicht-Vitamin-K-abhängiges orales Antikoagulans (NOAK) bei Tumorpatienten als günstig erwiesen.
Traditionelle chinesische Medizin
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: March 2019

Patienten mit fortgeschrittenen nicht kleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinomen (NSCLC) erhalten auch in China eine Paclitaxel-basierte Chemotherapie, die häufig mit Aidi kombiniert wird. Der Mix aus chinesischen Kräutern und spanischer Fliege soll die Ansprechraten erhöhen und Nebenwirkungen reduzieren. Die Metaanalyse bestätigt dies, allerdings bei einem nur moderaten Evidenzgrad.
Nicht kleinzelliges Bronchialkarzinom
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: March 2019

Die stereotaktische Radiotherapie (SBRT) kann als Hochpräzisionsstrahlentherapie für inoperable periphere nicht-kleinzellige Lungenkarzinome (NSCLC) in einem frühen Stadium eine wirksame und sichere Alternative zur Lobektomie darstellen. Die prospektive Phase-I/II-Studie ergab nun eine vertretbare Dosierung und belegte im zweiten Studienabschnitt die hohe Wirksamkeit der SBRT bei Patienten mit proximalen NSCLC. Dabei ist jedoch insbesondere auf Spättoxizitäten zu achten.
Patientenversorgung
Authors: Bubenzer Rainer
Published: March 2019

„Integrative Onkologie“ im Sinne eines ganzheitlichen, patientenzentrierten und multidimensionalen Therapieangebotes, welches die konventionelle Krebsmedizin ergänzt, wird heute an den 50 wichtigsten Krebszentren der USA als Element der Standardversorgung angeboten, berichtete Prof. Gary Deng, medizinischer Direktor der Abteilung für Integrative Medizin am renommierten Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York/USA, in einem Interview mit der Onkologischen Welt am Rande eines international besetzten Kongresses zu Integrativen Onkologie. Staatliche Forschungsgelder fördern diese Entwicklung seit Jahren erheblich.
Anwendbarkeit neonataler Schmerzscores in Abhängigkeit von Ausbildungsstand und Berufserfahrung in der Kinderpflege
Authors: Kaiser Johanna , Laffolie Jan , Kappesser Judith , Ehrhardt Harald , Utsch Boris , Hermann Christiane
Published: March 2019

Hintergrund Neben der Schmerzprävention kommt der Schmerzbestimmung und -therapie durch Pflegekräfte eine wichtige Rolle im Schmerzmanagement in der Neonatologie zu. Durch einen Vergleich einer Gruppe weniger erfahrener Pflegeschüler mit erfahrenen Pflegekräften in der Nutzung beider Methoden unter standardisierten Bedingungen soll getestet werden, ob der Ausbildungsstand und die Erfahrung der Pflegekraft allgemein sowie speziell mit Neugeborenen die Nutzung scorebasierter oder subjektiver Diagnosehilfsmittel beeinflusst.

Methodik Zur Datenerhebung scorten 44 Pflegeschüler der Krankenpflegeschule und 35 Personen des Pflegepersonals zweier Universitätskliniken den Premature Infant Pain Profile Score (PIPP) – ein 7 dimensionaler Schmerzscore – für 10 Videosequenzen von schmerzhaften Prozeduren an Früh- und Neugeborenen. Die subjektive Einschätzung des Schmerzes wurde durch eine zusätzliche Numerische Rating Skala (NRS) verzeichnet.

Ergebnisse Im Gegensatz zur Anwendung von eindimensionalen Schmerzmessinstrumenten lassen sich bei der Anwendung des PIPP keine Unterschiede zwischen den Ausbildungsständen „Schüler“ und „erfahrene Pflegekräfte“ entdecken. Auch die Berufserfahrung mit Neugeborenen hat scheinbar keinen Einfluss auf die Gesamtwerte des PIPP. Bei der subjektiven Einschätzung der Schmerzen mittels NRS schätzen die Schüler den Schmerz geringer ein als die erfahrenen Pflegekräfte. Diese Ergebnisse sind jedoch nicht signifikant.

Schlussfolgerung Die Anwendung des PIPP durch Schüler ist der Anwendung durch erfahrene Pflegekräfte ebenbürtig. Auch die Berufserfahrung mit Neugeborenen in den beiden Gruppen hat scheinbar keinen Einfluss. Beide Gruppen zeigen eine mäßige Streuung der Gesamtwerte (z. B. Video 1: 10,5 [9–12] vs. 10 [6,3–11]).
Trunk Muscle Activity in One- and Two-Armed American Kettlebell Swing in Resistance-Trained Men
Authors: Andersen Vidar , Fimland Marius , Saeterbakken Atle
Published: March 2019

The aim of the study was to compare the one-armed vs. two-armed American kettlebell swing on trunk muscle activation. Fifteen resistance-trained men performed ten repetitions of both exercises using a 14-kg kettlebell. Surface EMG from the erector spinae, rectus abdominis and external oblique muscles were collected on both sides of the trunk. The erector spinae activation during the one-armed swing was 14–25% higher on the contralateral compared to the ipsilateral side in both exercises (Cohen’s d effect size [ES]=0.41–0.71, p ˂ 0.001–0.034). Further, the contralateral side was 14% more activated during the two-armed swing compared to the ipsilateral side during the one-armed swing (ES=0.43, p=0.009). For the rectus abdominis muscle, the two-armed swing induced higher activation of the rectus abdominis compared to the one-armed swing on both the contralateral (40%, ES=0.48, p=0.040) and ipsilateral side (59%, ES=0.83, p=0.002). There were no differences for the external oblique muscle (p=0.495–0.662). In conclusion, the trunk activation patterns of the two exercises were different, which could be explained by different biomechanics in the two exercises, and could thus have complimentary effects. We recommend that both unilateral and bilateral execution of the American kettlebell swing is included over time.
Nonasaccharide Inhibits Intrinsic Factor Xase Complex by Binding to Factor IXa and Disrupting Factor IXa–Factor VIIIa Interactions
Authors: Xiao Chuang , Zhao Longyan , Gao Na , Wu Mingyi , Zhao Jinhua
Published: March 2019

A nonasaccharide (FG9) derived from natural fucosylated glycosaminoglycan (FG) is identified as a selective intrinsic factor Xase complex (FIXa-FVIIIa-Ca2+-phospholipid, FXase) inhibitor that possesses potential inhibition of venous thrombus in rats and shows negligible bleeding risk. The mechanism and molecular target of the nonasaccharide for intrinsic FXase inhibition were systematically investigated and compared with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). Our results showed that FG9 dose-dependently inhibited FX activation by intrinsic FXase complex in a noncompetitive inhibition pattern, where the apparent affinity for FG9 was approximately 1.8-fold higher than that for LMWH. FG9 displayed no inhibitory effect on the activity of FIXa/phospholipid, and did not affect the decay rate of FVIIIa activity. FG9 reduced the apparent affinity of FIXa for FVIIIa in a dose-dependent manner, and accelerated the decay of intrinsic FXase complex activity. FG9 bound to FIXa with high affinity and the FIXa binding sites of FG9 were overlapped with that of LMWH, and the ability of FG-derived oligosaccharides to bind FIXa required the minimum 9 degrees of polymerization. FG9 derivatives were prepared and their structures were confirmed by one-dimensional/two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance. Structure–activity relationship studies showed that carboxy reduction significantly weakened its anti-FXase activity and binding affinity to FIXa, while the effects of carboxyl ethyl esterification and deacetylation were relatively weaker. Overall, our results suggest that the nonasaccharide FG9 strongly inhibits intrinsic FXase complex activity via binding to FIXa and disrupting FIXa–FVIIIa interactions, and the free carboxyl groups of FG9 are required for its potent anti-FXase activity.
Delayed Cord Clamping and Umbilical Cord Milking among Infants in California Neonatal Intensive Care Units
Authors: Tran Chinh L. , Parucha Janella M. , Jegatheesan Priya , Lee Henry C.
Published: March 2019

Objective To assess the current practice of delayed cord clamping (DCC) and to determine patient and hospital factors that predict DCC.

Study Design The California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative (CPQCC) collects data on preterm and acutely ill infants. In 2016, 52 CPQCC neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) collected data on DCC. Hospital and patient characteristics were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression.

Results Of 5,332 deliveries, 1,555 (29%) newborns received DCC. Hospital rates ranged from 0 to 74.5% and increased from 21 to 37% throughout 2016. Infants delivered at <32 weeks or with birth weight <1,500 g were more likely to receive DCC (odds ratio: 2.80; 95% confidence interval: 2.33, 3.36). Cesarean delivery was associated with less likelihood of DCC (odds ratio: 0.68; 95% confidence interval: 0.59, 0.79). After risk adjustment, 17 (33%) hospitals had higher than expected DCC rate. Hospitals with less than 50 NICU beds are more likely to practice DCC, whereas Level 3 American Academy of Pediatrics NICUs, nonprofit owned hospitals, and teaching institutions were less likely to practice DCC (p < 0.001).

Conclusion There are opportunities to implement quality improvement activities to increase DCC rates.
Investigation of high-order mode excitation in a terahertz second-harmonic gyro-BWO
Authors: Pan Shi , Du Chao-Hai , Gao Zi-Chao , Li Fan-Hong , Bian Hui-Qi , Liu Pu-Kun
Published: March 2019

As to gyrotron oscillators, operation at high harmonics is an effective solution to decrease the required magnetic field strengths and improve radiation frequencies towards the terahertz (THz) band. Unfortunately, significant challenges related to a harmonic gyrotron include weak interaction strengths and serious mode competition conditions. In this paper, we report on the excitation strategy and stable-state property of a THz second-harmonic (SH) gyro-BWO with the TE24,3 mode. Such an extremely high-order mode interaction system is inherently capable of providing high power capacity and advanced mode selectivity. A competition-free parameter space is created by increasing the Doppler sensitivity of one fundamental-harmonic (FH) competing mode at low magnetic fields and simultaneously suppressing the Q factor of another FH competing mode in the near-cutoff region at high magnetic fields. The SH quasi-whispering-gallery mode can be stimulated with a medium output power at around 0.5 THz during the FH mode switching process. This work contributes to further exploiting high frequency steps in the high-order multi-mode frequency-tuning gyro-BWO.