bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advancements in the study of HCC-MVI: the first bibliometric analysis
Authors: He Tao , Zou Jieyu , Sun Ke , Yang Juan , Lei Tingting , Xu Lin , Yin Sineng , Li Guangkuo
Published: June 2022

Purpose
Over the past decade, several studies have been published regarding the microvascular invasion (MVI) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).However, although these publications have had a remarkable impact on MVI, they have not been quantitatively analysed. Therefore, this study characterised the evolution in HCC-MVI research and systematically evaluated scientific outputs using bibliometric citation analysis.
Methods
We conducted a systematic search on the Web of Science Core Collection on 2 May 2022 to retrieve studies related to HCC-MVI published between 2013 and 2022. Then, Citespace (v.5.8R3), VOSviewer (v.1.6.18) and other visualisation tools were used to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the publications.
Results
We identified 1208 articles on MVI in HCC. Of these, while China (n = 518) was the most prolific country, Fudan University (n = 90) was the most notable institution. Furthermore, we observed that while Lau Wan Yee participated in most studies (n = 26), the Frontiers in Oncology (IF2020:6.24) published the highest number of documents (n = 49) on this subject, with 138 publications. The paper ‘Bray F, 2018, CA-CANCER J CLIN, V68, P394’ also presented the highest co-cited references, with 119 citations. Additionally, the top three keywords were ‘survival’, ‘recurrence’ and ‘microvascular invasion’. Moreover, the research hotspots and frontiers in HCC-MVI for the last three years included ‘image’ and ‘tace’.
Conclusion
This study comprehensively summarised the most significant HCC-MVI documents from past literature (2013–2022) and highlighted key contributions made to the advancement of this subject and the advancement of this field over the past decade. We propose that this information would provide clinicians and researchers insight into future directions relative to the advancement of HCC-MVI.
A new global nonlinear force-free coronal magnetic-field extrapolationcode implemented on a Yin-Yang grid
Authors: Koumtzis Argyrios , Wiegelmann Thomas
Published: June 2022

solar coronal plasma. Detailed insights into the coronalmagnetic field are important to understand most of the physicalphenomena there. While direct routine measurementsof the coronal magnetic field are not available, field extrapolation ofthe photospheric vector field measurements into the corona is the onlyway to study the structure and dynamics of the coronal field. Herewe focus on global coronal structures which are traditionally modelledusing spherical grids and synoptic vector magnetograms asboundary conditions. We developed a new code that performs nonlinear force-freemagnetic field extrapolations in spherical geometry.Our new implementation is based ona well-established optimization principle, which was implemented on aCartesian grid and a single spherical finite-difference grid.In the present work, for the first time, thealgorithm is able to reconstruct the magnetic field in the entirecorona, including the polar regions. The finite-differencenumerical scheme that was employed inprevious spherical code versions suffered from numerical inefficienciesbecause of the convergence of those grids on the poles. In our new code,we implementthe so-called Yin-Yang overhead grid, the structure of which addressesthis difficulty. Consequently, boththe speed and accuracy of the optimization algorithm are improvedcompared to the previousimplementations. We tested our new code using the well knownsemi-analytical model (Low and Lou solution), which has frequently been used as a benchmark for nonlinear force-free extrapolation codes.
Satellite-based flood inundation and damage assessment
Authors: Mata Christine B. , Balderama Orlando F. , Alejo Lanie A. , Bareng Jeoffrey Lloyd R. , Kantoush Sameh Ahmed
Published: June 2022

Because recurring floods in the Philippines have become more damaging throughout time, risk assessments, quantifying, and visualizing flood damages as accurately as possible become imperative. To deal with an up-to-date database and a practical assessment tool, a satellite imagery-based method was used which aimed to map flood inundation and estimate damages brought by the flood during Typhoon Ulysses. This paper presents a framework for an integrated flood risk management in a river basin context with the following components as follows: 1) collection of the comprehensive database containing information relevant for flood analysis; 2) use of a satellite-imagery based method for flood inundation map using Google Earth engine; 3) validation of map accuracy through quick post-flood participatory approach. Analysis of the recent flood inundation event in November 2020 in Cagayan Valley, Philippines showed the inundation of an extensive area of 620.88 km2 affecting the Cagayan province at 55.91% and Isabela province at 44% share of inundation. The flood severely affected approximately 614.05 km2 of the total croplands. Using a participatory validation approach, the overall accuracy of datasets used is 97.78% while flood extent is 95%. Through this study, the framework, approach, and methodology can be replicated in other locations in the Philippines and in other countries which recurrently experience flooding.
Black Holes as Geometric Distortional Extrema
Authors: koehler dale
Published: June 2022

It is shown in the present work that the distorted-space model of matter as extended to extreme curvature limits results in characteristics mimicking those of galactic-holes. The distorted-geometry structures exhibit non-Newtonian features wherein the hole or core-region fields of the structures are energetically-repulsive (negative pressure), do not behave functionally in an r-4 manner and terminate at zero at the radial origin (no singularity). Of particular interest is that of r-6 energy-density behavior at structural radial distances near the core of the distortion, a region also displaying potential-well behavior.
Developments since Kira 2.0
Authors: Lange Fabian , Maierhöfer Philipp , Usovitsch Johann
Published: June 2022

Last year we released version 2.0 of the Feynman integral reduction program Kira.
In this contribution we first report on changes and new features since then and, secondly, on new features for upcoming releases.
Higher-order corrections to the kinetic mass definition for the bottom and the charm quarks
Authors: Fael Matteo
Published: June 2022

In these proceedings we discuss the relation between the kinetic and the on-shell schemes for the bottom and the charm quarks and present the methods for the calculation of the mass relation to higher orders in perturbative QCD. The bottom mass in the kinetic scheme is a pivotal input parameter in the inclusive determination of |V_{cb}||Vcb| from B\to X_c \ell \nu_\ellB→Xcℓνℓ decays. By combining the relation between the kinetic and the on-shell mass with well-know results for the \overline{\mathrm{MS}}MS¯-on-shell conversion, we obtain a prediction for m_b^\mathrm{kin}mbkin based on precise determinations of \overline{m}_b(\overline{m}_b)m¯b(m¯b).
$N^3LO$ calculations for $2 \to 2$ processes using simplified differential equations
Authors: Canko Dhimiter , Gasparotto Federico , Mattiazzi Luca , Papadopoulos Costas , Syrrakos Nikolaos
Published: June 2022

We present the computation of the massless three-loop ladder-box family with one external off-shell leg using the Simplified Differential Equations (SDE) approach. We also discuss the methods we used for finding a canonical differential equation for the two tennis-court families with one off-shell leg, and the application of the SDE approach on these two families.
Higher-order $β$-functions in the Standard Model and beyond
Authors: Herren Florian
Published: June 2022

In this contribution we consider the recent computation of the gauge
coupling \betaβ-function
at four loops and the Yukawa matrix \betaβ-function
at three loops in the most general, renormalizable and four-dimensional
quantum field theory. Furthermore, we discuss ambiguities and
divergences arising in Yukawa matrix \betaβ-functions.
Top quark mass corrections to single and double Higgs boson production in gluon fusion
Authors: Davies Joshua
Published: June 2022

In this talk we discuss recent computations of the top quark mass dependence of QCD amplitudes
describing Higgs boson production in gluon fusion. We compute terms in the expansion
for a large top quark mass, which reduces the Feynman diagrams to products of massless
integrals and massive tadpole integrals which contain the top mass dependence. In
particular we discuss the real and virtual corrections to double Higgs production at NNLO,
and the virtual corrections to single Higgs production at N3LO.
Recent progress on two-loop massless pentabox integrals with one off-shell leg
Authors: Canko Dhimiter , Kardos Adam , Papadopoulos Costas , Smirnov Alexander , Syrrakos Nikolaos , Wever Chris
Published: June 2022

Analytic expressions in terms of polylogarithmic functions for all
three families of planar two-loop five-point Master Integrals with one
off-shell leg are presented. The Simplified Differential Equations
approach is the only known way to fulfil this task due to its unique
factorisation property of the symbols of the canonical differential
equation. The results are relevant to the study of many
2\to 32→3
scattering processes of interest at the LHC.
PMC$_\infty$: Infinite-Order Scale-Setting method using the Principle of Maximum Conformality and preserving the Intrinsic Conformality
Authors: Di Giustino Leonardo , Brodsky Stanley , Wu Xing-Gang , Wang Sheng-Quan
Published: June 2022

We show results for Thrust and C-parameter in
e^+ e^-e+e−
annihilation to 3 jets obtained using the recently developed new method
for eliminating the scale ambiguity and the scheme dependence in pQCD
namely the Infinite-Order Scale-Setting method using the Principle of
Maximum Conformality (PMC_\infty∞).
This method preserves an important underlying property of gauge
theories: intrinsic Conformality (iCF). It leads to a remarkably
efficient method to eliminate the conventional renormalization scale
ambiguity at any order in pQCD. A comparison with Conventional Scale
Setting method (CSS) is also shown.
Concept of Family Relationships in Teenage Offenders
Authors: Fotina Mariya , Shamovskaya Tatiana
Published: June 2022

The article deals with the concept of family life in juvenile offenders. Juvenile delinquency often has roots in family problems. Teenage criminals are known to express ambivalent ideas about family relationships. In this research, they described Mother as emotionally distant, undemanding, soft-hearted, uncooperative, lacking control, and inconsistent in her educational influence. Father was described as stern, demanding, even cruel, emotionally distant, and unaccepting. The research proved the ambivalent character of family concept in teenage criminals. They had more positive ideas about their own future family than about their life with parents. Most juvenile delinquents were eager to have their own family in the future. However, they hardly ever described themselves as a spouse or a parent. Their ideas about family relationships were blurred; they had a very poor understanding of family roles and tended to oppose their parental family to the family they imagined for themselves.
The Concept of Human Rights in the German Democratic Republic
Authors: Begunovich Roman
Published: June 2022

This article describes the concept of human rights that emerged in the German Democratic Republic through the pluralism of the doctrine of East German jurists. Some scholars denied human rights in socialism while others had no consensus regarding the concept. They had different opinions on continuity / discontinuity of bourgeois and socialist human rights. Some scientists believed that these categories did not exist in reality. Others argued that socialist basic human rights were the product of the socialist revolution rather than an improved realization of inherited human rights, which revealed the discontinuity of bourgeois and socialist human rights. East German philosophers also had an idea of the unity of continuity and discontinuity. The principle of the unity of rights and obligations was of paramount importance in the concept of socialist human rights as two sides of the same subject because rights can only be realized when the citizen is entrusted with obligations. Therefore, the ideology of Marxism-Leninism did not prevent the East German researchers from developing different opinions on human rights.
Criminal Law Categories and Institutions: Correlation of Concepts and Functions
Authors: Ponyatovskaya Tat'yana , Kayshev Aleksandr
Published: June 2022

The article deals with such concepts of criminal law as crime, punishment, and responsibility, their distinctive features, and their correlation with criminal law institutions. The authors believe that the categories of criminal law express its political foundations. However, without criminal law institutions, these categories would remain only legal symbols, and the political foundations would be empty declarations with no practical significance for each specific case of crime and punishment. The institutions of criminal law serve as criteria for assessing the legal significance of various factual circumstances and implement the provisions reflected in the main criminal law categories. Criminal law institutions can be classified depending on the category, e.g., crime, punishment, or responsibility, as well as on the political function, e.g., service institutions and intermediary institutions. Service institutes include belong to the following categories: Crime – a) guilt; b) stages of crime; c) multiplicity of crimes; Punishment – a) the system of punishments (Articles 44, 45, 88 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation); b) sentencing; c) exemption from punishment; Responsibility – a) the composition of the crime; b) circumstances excluding the criminality of the act; c) complicity; d) exemption from criminal liability. Intermediary institutions provide a link between the categories of crime and punishment: a) the imposition of punishment (including unfinished crime, complicity, multiplicity of crimes, i.e. institutions that serve particular categories); b) subsystems of punishments provided for in articles of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
Distance Education vs. Face-to-Face Education
Authors: Ershteyn Leonid
Published: June 2022

The article deals with the experience of distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic. The author used on-line questionnaires to describe distance learning and proved that formal distance education cannot be carried out without the teacher as a transmitter of information. In fact, the teacher has as many as fourteen different functions in the academic process. The author used this list to analyze face-to-face, distance synchronous, and distance asynchronous education modes. Asynchronous distance education proved to be able to provide most of these functions. Distance education per se separates the teacher and the student both in space and time. As a result, distance education is impossible if the curriculum involves training with special tools or body work. Since one of these elements is always present, formal education cannot be exclusively remote. Distance education is fundamentally different from full-time face-to-face education. For it to be effective, it cannot be implemented as full-time education. The research creates practical grounds for designing effective methods of distance education in the future.
Removal of lead, cadmium, and copper from water usingMoringa oleiferaseed biomass
Authors: Nwagbara Victor Uzoma , Chigayo Kayini , Iyama William Azuka , Kwaambwa Habauka Majority
Published: June 2022

This study demonstrated that Moringa oleifera seed biomass (MOSB) has the potential to be used as a natural alternative in the removal of lead (Pd), cadmium (Cd), and copper (Cu) from water which was justified by the level of toxicity, environmental unfriendliness, and costly nature of chemical coagulants presently used. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis was used to identify the MOSB and functional groups present in the adsorption of metal ions. The maximum removal at pH 5, room temperature, and 0.8 g dosage was 90, 81.77, and 70% for Pb(II), Cd(II), and Cu(II), respectively. The order of biosorption preference was Pb(II)>Cd(II)>Cu(II) in single sorption and is in a consistent correlation between physiochemical properties of metal ions and selective biosorption of MOSB functional groups. The adsorption data fitted better to the Langmuir than the Freundlich models as the sorption capacities (qm) of MOSB for Pb(II), Cd(II), and Cu(II) were 6.19, 5.03, and 3.64 mg/g, respectively. The separation factor (RL) was within the range of 0–1 which showed that the Pb(II), Cd(II), and Cu(II) adsorption processes were favourable for M. oleifera adsorbent. The results showed that MOSB is an effective adsorbent in the removal of the studied heavy metals from contaminated water. In all these water-purifying properties of the moringa seed biomass, no deliberate attempt has been made to study the use of a ternary system of very toxic metals like Pb, Cd, and Cu knowing the anti-bacterial properties of the metal system. Similarly, the reproducibility, low cost, and no requirement of a power source make this an efficient process for obtaining potable water even in homes in rural settings.
DYRK1A Inhibitors and Perspectives for the Treatment of Alzheimer's
Disease
Authors: de Souza Márcia Maria , Cenci Arthur Ribeiro , Teixeira Kerolain Faoro , Machado Valkiria , Mendes Schuler Majory Christina Garcia , Gonçalves Ana Elisa , Paula Dalmagro Ana , André Cazarin Camila , Gomes Ferreira Leonardo Luiz , de Oliveira Aldo Sena , Andricopulo Adriano Defini
Published: June 2022

Background:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease
and the most common form of dementia, especially in the elderly. Due to the increase in
life expectancy, in recent years, there has been an excessive growth in the number of people
affected by this disease, causing serious problems for health systems. In recent years,
research has been intensified to find new therapeutic approaches that prevent the progression
of the disease. In this sense, recent studies indicate that the dual-specificity tyrosine
phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) gene, which is located on chromosome
21q22.2 and overexpressed in Down syndrome (DS), may play a significant role in developmental
brain disorders and early onset neurodegeneration, neuronal loss and dementia
in DS and AD. Inhibiting DYRK1A may serve to stop the phenotypic effects of its overexpression
and, therefore, is a potential treatment strategy for the prevention of ageassociated
neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer-type pathology.

Objective:

In this review, we investigate the contribution of DYRK1A inhibitors as potential
anti-AD agents.

Methods:

A search in the literature to compile an in vitro dataset including IC50 values involving
DYRK1A was performed from 2014 to the present day. In addition, we carried
out structure-activity relationship studies based on in vitro and in silico data.

Results:

molecular modeling and enzyme kinetics studies indicate that DYRK1A may
contribute to AD pathology through its proteolytic process, reducing its kinase specificity.

Conclusion:

further evaluation of DYRK1A inhibitors may contribute to new therapeutic
approaches for AD.
Potential Mechanisms of Melatonin in Osteosarcoma and Bone-Related
Neoplasms: Updated Review
Authors: Yousefi Bahman , Asemi Zatollah , Dana Parisa Maleki , Sadoughi Fatemeh , Reiter Russel J.
Published: June 2022

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a secretory product of the pineal gland. A
great number of studies have been investigating the functions of this indoleamine in various diseases.
Excessive proliferation, reduction in apoptosis, increased angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis are
all processes associated with cancerous tissues. In several cancer types, melatonin is reported to significantly
impact these processes. Although bone cancer is relatively rare, it is a serious disease that
often becomes metastatic, leading to an unsatisfactory prognosis. In recent decades, significant advances
have been made in the therapeutic strategies for bone cancer. Nevertheless, few changes have
occurred to patients’ outcomes or therapeutic methods. Currently used therapeutic strategies including
chemotherapy and radiotherapy often show serious side effects. Moreover, therapeutic options are not
sufficient in certain cases, such as metastatic forms of the disease. Therefore, there is a need for a
more precise definition of the molecular pathways and cellular functions associated with bone cancer
to find novel therapeutic approaches. With such advances, the development of new effective therapies
for patients with advanced stage or metastatic forms of the disease will be achieved, resulting in an
improved prognosis. This review summarizes what is known about the functions of melatonin in osteosarcoma
and Ewing’s sarcoma. We explain the underlying mechanisms of action by which melatonin
serves as an antitumor agent in bone cancer as well as provide an insight into its synergistic effects
with other chemotherapeutic drugs.
Alternative Methods for Pulmonary-Administered Drugs Metabolism: A
Breath of Change
Authors: Cabral Lucio Mendes , Suzuki Érika Yoko , Simon Alice , Souza Domingos Thaisa Francielle , de Azevedo Abrahim Vieira Bárbara , de Souza Alessandra Mendonça Teles , Rodrigues Carlos Rangel , de Sousa Valeria Pereira , do Carmo Flávia Almada
Published: June 2022

Prediction of pulmonary metabolites following inhalation of a locally acting pulmonary
drug is essential to the successful development of novel inhaled medicines. The lungs present metabolic
enzymes, therefore they influence drug disposal and toxicity. The present review provides an
overview of alternative methods to evaluate the pulmonary metabolism for the safety and efficacy of
pulmonary delivery systems. In vitro approaches for investigating pulmonary drug metabolism were
described, including subcellular fractions, cell culture models and lung slices as the main available
in vitro methods. In addition, in silico studies are promising alternatives that use specific software to
predict pulmonary drug metabolism, determine whether a molecule will react with a metabolic enzyme,
the site of metabolism (SoM) and the result of this interaction. They can be used in an integrated
approach to delineate the major cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms to rationalize the use of in
vivo methods. A case study about a combination of experimental and computational approaches was
done using fluticasone propionate as an example. The results of three tested software, RSWebPredictor,
SMARTCyp and XenoSite, demonstrated greater probability of the fluticasone propionate
being metabolized by CYPs 3A4 at the S1 atom of 5-S-fluoromethyl carbothioate group. As
the in vitro studies were not able to directly detect pulmonary metabolites, those alternatives in silico
methods may reduce animal testing efforts, following the principle of 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction
and Refinement), and contribute to the evaluation of pharmacological efficacy and safety profiles
of new drugs in development.
Melanocyte Adhesion and Apoptosis in Vitiligo: Linking Puzzle Blocks
Authors: Srivastava Niharika , Gupta Sarika , Parsad Davinder
Published: June 2022

Vitiligo is the utmost common depigmenting condition consequential from
melanocyte loss from the basal layer of the epidermis. Vitiligo disease mostly affects
dark-skinned races and makes them more sensitive to UV radiation. It is also linked with
some autoimmune diseases and various psychosocial difficulties. Melanocyte loss leads
to depigmentation in vitiligo, is a major concern over decades, and even affects an
individual’s day-to-day life severely. All the theories, including autoimmune, autocytotoxic,
and neural, collectively decipher either prime impact on the melanogenesis
inhibition or deficient adhesion inspired melanocytes disappearance. Previously it has
been described that melanocyte loss in vitiligo patients is caused by defective adhesion.
Melanocyte death by apoptosis mainly occurs due to melanocyte detachment or
migration from the basal layer and further followed by transepidermal migration. Various
cell surface molecules, i.e., cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) in affiliation with
neighbouring cells and extracellular matrix (ECM), encompass a typical cell adhesion
process. All these ECM molecules along with transcription factors, help in the survival
and maintenance of pigmentary cells/melanocytes. Therefore, in this issue, we have
tried to compile the literature available on melanocyte detachment/apoptosis in ECM due
to the alteration in adhesion molecules and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) driven by
known/unknown transcription factors.
Synthesis of Ethyl Methyl 4-aryl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylates as
Potential Calcium Channel Blockers for Hypertension
Authors: Bansal Ranju , Jain Priyanka , Narang Gaurav , Kaur Anupreet , Calle Carmen , Carron Rosalia
Published: June 2022

Aim:

Several new dihydropyridine-based calcium channel blockers have been synthesized and
pharmacologically evaluated for the treatment of hypertension

Background:

Dihydropyridines constitute an important class of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) due to
their high potency, wide heterogeneity and tremendous biological usefulness. As a follow-up to our previous
studies on 4-aryl-1,4-dihydropyridines as calcium channel blockers for the treatment of hypertension,
four new series of methyl ethyl ester substituted 1,4-dihydropyridines are reported.

Objectives:

The aim of the work was to study the effects of unsymmetrical ester substitutions on calcium
channel blocking activity of dihydropyridines (DHPs) while retaining the aminoalkoxy side chain at various
positions of the 4-aryl ring. The type and location of the substituents on the 4-aryl ring have been
extensively explored to study the structure-activity relationship (SAR) in this series of dihydropyridines
as calcium channel blockers.

Methodology:

The target DHPs were synthesized using modified Hantzsch condensation and further derivatization.
The compounds were screened for their inhibitory potential against L-type calcium channels at a single
concentration of 10 μM on NG108-15 cells (Neuroblastoma X Glioma). The most potent DHP 12 was
also tested for its vasodilatory activity using rat thoracic aortic rings precontracted with KCl (30 mM) and
in vivo antihypertensive activity in rats using the tail-cuff method.

Results:

The newly synthesized DHPs displayed diversified calcium channel blocking activity with compounds
1e, 1h, 2d, 2f, 2h, 6, 9, 11, 12 and 14, producing more than 50% inhibition of veratridine response.
3-imidazolylpropoxy substituted analogue 12 turned out to be the most potent compound of the
four series of compounds and produced fairly higher inhibition (78.6%) of veratridine response in comparison
to nifedipine (70%) at 10 μM. In addition, compound 12 produced potent vasodilatory and antihypertensive
properties.

Conclusion:

Both location of the side chain and the type of substituent on methyl ethyl ester substituted
4-aryl ring affected the response of dihydropyridine derivatives towards L-type calcium channels.
A State-of-the-art Review on Keratin Biomaterial as Eminent Nanocarriers
for Drug Delivery Applications
Authors: Palanisamy Ponnusamy , Srinivasan Venkataramanan
Published: June 2022

The utilization of biomaterials in the human body was first practiced several years ago to restore
normal functional activities by replacing the impaired organs with bio-inspired materials without
devastating the cells and tissues. Today, many advanced technologies are reported to be worthwhile to
effectively prepare different categories of biomaterials with amplified properties and characteristics for
therapeutic applications. When considering the prosperous aspects of biomaterials, keratin has proved to
be a fascinating material and has allured many researchers in various novel scientific studies, especially
in drug delivery systems. Keratin is a naturally derived fibrous protein with cysteine, proline, serine, and
glycine as the main amino acid constituents and has been found to have remarkable properties. Although
keratin exhibits excellence and loss of distinction, it is utilized effectively in drug delivery for treating
various diseases. Certainly, keratin nanoparticles (KNPs) showed remarkable features, such as optimistic
surface area, good encapsulation efficiency, and controlled release of drugs. However, there is a need for
more research to know about the cell interaction with keratin nanoparticles in novel drug delivery management.
Indeed, certain biological and mechanical factors in alpha and beta keratins are still ambiguous,
and higher attentiveness is required. The major purpose of this review is to assess the prospective utility
and outstanding features of keratin nanoparticles in drug delivery systems. Keratin types, source of extraction,
and properties are reviewed in this article. The characteristics and development of KNP are highlighted.
Furthermore, the importance of nanoparticles in drug delivery, drug release mechanisms, challenges,
and the need for future research are discussed.
Development of a Ranibizumab Biosimilar using Bovine Milk-Derived
Exosomes for the Inhibition of Corneal Neovascularization
Authors: An-Jianbin  , Zhou-Nalei  , Li-Yanchao  , Qiao-Xinrui  , Yang-Xinya  , Ma-Siqi  , Shi-Junfang
Published: June 2022

Introduction:

Corneal neovascularization disease is an important clinical symptom of many ocular surface disorders, and the use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) drugs is considered the most promising treatment method.

Method:

Ranibizumab (RB) is one of the few anti-VEGF drugs approved by the FDA in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases, but the special synthetic route leads to a short biological half-life, and therapeutic concentration cannot be maintained for a long time in clinical treatment. Therefore, we aim to develop a low immunogenicity sustained release system to improve the bioavailability of RB. RB was loaded on bovine milk-derived exosomes (MEXOs), and the in vitro release profile and pharmacokinetic characteristics were detected. RB was continuously release from the MEXOs (2 days, 60 h). The tubular network formation experiment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells showed that the MEXOs enhanced the inhibitory effects of RB on VEGF-induced tube formation, as confirmed by a cell proliferation experiment.

Results:

In vivo experiments showed that RB-loaded bovine milk-derived exosomes (RB-MEXOs) increased the precorneal residence time and half-life period of RB in New Zealand white rabbits.

Conclusion:

These results suggested that RB-MEXOs is conducive to the maintenance of effective RB concentration in vivo, and their use is potential strategy for treating corneal vascularization.
Key Radiological Features of COVID-19 Chest CT Scans with a Focus
on Special Subgroups: A Literature Review
Authors: Nouaili Noor , Garner Rachael , Salehi Sana , Rocca Marianna La , Duncan Dominique
Published: June 2022

In 2019, a series of novel pneumonia cases later known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) were reported in Wuhan, China. Chest computed tomography (CT) has played a key role in the management and prognostication in COVID-19 patients. CT has demonstrated 98%
sensitivity in detecting COVID-19, including identifying lung abnormalities that are suggestive of COVID-19, even among asymptomatic individuals.

Methods:

We conducted a comprehensive literature review of 17 published studies, including focuses on three subgroups, pediatric patients, pregnant women, and patients over 60 years old, to identify key characteristics of chest CT in COVID-19 patients.

Results:

Our comprehensive review of the 17 studies concluded that the main CT imaging finding is ground glass opacities (GGOs) regardless of patient age. We also identified that crazy paving pattern, reverse halo sign, smooth or irregular septal thickening, and pleural thickening may serve as indicators of disease progression. Lesions on CT scans were dominantly distributed in the peripheral zone with multilobar involvement, specifically concentrated in the lower lobes. In the patients over 60 years old, the proportion of substantial lobe involvement was higher than the control
group and crazy paving signs, bronchodilation, and pleural thickening were more commonly present.

Conclusion:

Based on all 17 studies, CT findings in COVID-19 have shown a predictable pattern of evolution over the disease. These studies have proven that CT may be an effective approach for early screening and detection of COVID-19.
Location of Early Stage Tumor Detection using Microwave Imaging in the
Breast Phantom
Authors: Vanaja S. , Preetha R. , Sheela J. Joselin Jeya , Devi K. Durga , Warrier Gayathry Sobhanan , Krishnan Rahul
Published: June 2022

Background:

Universally, the most predominant cause of female mortality is mainly due to
breast cancer. Owing to numerous constraints in the existing imaging technique, researchers are trying
out an alternative tool to detect the tumor before going to the miserable stage.

Methods:

This article presents a novel method to detect the mean value system for detecting the location
of the tumor in different depths by shifting the antenna anywhere in the breast tissue. In addition,
an algorithm to reconstruct the breast image, namely Delay-Multiply-and-Sum (DMAS) is followed to
identify the tumor implanted in the breast tissue.

Results:

The analysis shows that the maximum mean value occurs while the antenna moves very near
to the tumor while the mean value reduces while the antenna shifts apart from the tumor location. The
mean value in different locations is converted into a microwave image. The high intensity in the image
exhibits the precise position of the tumor. This technique can identify the location of early-stage tumor
of size 3mm. Multiple tumors of sizes 6mm and 7mm can identify at a depth of 12mm and 18mm in
the homogeneous breast phantom. DMAS can provide better imaging results in the early stage tumor
of size 3mm embedded in the breast phantom.

Conclusion:

Microwave imaging is an efficient technique to differentiate healthy and malignant tissue
in the breast. Antenna plays a major role in identifying tumors in the breast in the early stage. Hence a
high-performance Ultra Wideband Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA-UWB) is used to identify the
tumor in the breast. An antenna is sketched in different locations of the breast phantom. On account of
the hemispherical structure, the mean value of the reflected signal is high at the center than at the edge.
Hence, the difference in mean value is calculated with and without breast phantom for identifying the
tumor location. The overall efficiency of this technique can be improved by using a high-performance
UWB antenna. The image of the breast is reformed by the DMAS beamforming algorithm.
Antifungal Potential of Selected Medicinal Plants Against Candida albicans
and HPLC Analysis
Authors: Khan Haroon , Sabreen Sobia , Niaz Sadaf , Hussain Anwar , Muhammad Ijaz , Nayab Gul E , Malik Summaya , Ullah Mujeeb
Published: June 2022

Background:

The number of life-threatening diseases like “Candidiasis” is rapidly increasing worldwide. The effective management of the disease is indeed a great challenge for the clinician.

Objectives:

In an approach to develop effective antifungal compounds for growing fungal diseases, the present study was conducted to investigate the antifungal activity of selected medicinal plants collected from district Mardan.

Methods:

Vitis vinifera (Grapes), Lawsonia inermis (Henna), Millettia ovalifolia (Moulmein rosewood), Azadirachta indica (Neem), and Mentha arvensis (Mint). Methanolic extracts of these plant leaves were used against C. albican by using the Disc diffusion susceptibility method. Phytochemical analysis of methanolic plant extracts was then carried out using (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) HPLC.

Results:

The result obtained showed that methanolic extract of V. vinifera shows 4, 5, 7 and 9mm zone of inhibition at 2,4,6 and 8µg/ml respectively, followed by L. inermis with a significant antifungal property. While A. indica showed less activity against C. albican at 4mm and 7mm concentrations. No effective antifungal properties were shown by M. ovalifolia and M. arvensis.

Conclusions:

These selected medicinal plants and their derived compounds could be a significant source of antifungal agents.
Muscle Strength Seems to be Related to The Functional Status and Severity
of Dementia in Older Adults with Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Isik Ahmet Turan , Dost Fatma Sena , Erken Neziha , Ontan Mehmet Selman , Ates Bulut Esra , Kaya Derya , Kocyigit Suleyman Emre , Dokuzlar Ozge , Aydin Ali Ekrem
Published: June 2022

Aim:

This study aimed to determine the possible interrelationships between sarcopenia
and Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Background:

Sarcopenia and AD are two common geriatric syndromes; however, the relationship
between AD and sarcopenia has not been evaluated in detail so far.

Objective:

The objective is to evaluate the relationship between AD and sarcopenia.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was performed retrospectively on 128 patients with probable
AD, with a mean age of 76.56±7.54 years. Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment, including the activities
of daily living (ADLs), malnutrition, frailty, mini-mental state examination (MMSE), and
orthostatic hypotension was performed. Sarcopenia was defined according to the revised
EWGSOP-2 criteria.

Results:

The frequency of probable sarcopenia and definitive sarcopenia was 54.7% and 18.7%,
respectively. AD patients with probable sarcopenia had lower MMSE and ADLs scores and were
frailer. Clinical dementia rating (CDR) score, MMSE, and basic and instrumental ADLs were independently
related to probable sarcopenia in the patients (p=0.003, p<0.001, p=0.001, and
p=0.001, respectively). The prevalence of probable sarcopenia in those with CDR 2 was higher
than in those with CDR 0.5 and 1 (p=0.002).

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest that probable sarcopenia seems to be related to worse MMSE
and ADLs scores and frailty in patients with AD and seems to be related to the severity of AD.
Considering adverse health outcomes and the burden of sarcopenia on the patients and their caregivers,
optimal care and treatment of sarcopenia in patients with AD are of great importance.
MMP3 in Severe COVID-19: A Biomarker or Therapeutic Target?
Authors: Sikora Andrea , Almuntashiri Sultan , Zhang Duo , Somanath Payaningal R.
Published: June 2022

Identifying novel therapies is a critical need in the treatment of coronavirus disease-19
(COVID-19) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Stromelysin-1, also known as matrixmetalloproteinase
3 (MMP3), has been investigated as a diagnostic biomarker and a potential pharmacological
target. Here, we discuss the recent findings of Gelzo et al. in the context of additional MMP3
investigations to delineate its exact role in diagnosis, prognostication, and phenotyping, in addition to
its promising role as a therapeutic target in COVID-19-associated respiratory failure.
Prevalence of Hepatitis in Prisoners: A Systematic Review of Current
Evidence
Authors: Pashangzadeh Salar , SeyedAlinaghi SeyedAhmad , Dadras Omid , Pashaei Zahra , Soleymanzadeh Mahdi , Barzegary Alireza , Mirzapour Pegah , Vahedi Farzin , Fakhfouri Amirata , Noori Tayebeh , Hossein Irani Seyed Mohammad , Mehraeen Esmaeil , Jahanfar Shayesteh
Published: June 2022

Introduction:

Prisoners represent high-risk behaviors such as injecting drug use, sharing
syringes, tattooing, and unprotected sexual intercourse. The authors aimed to study the prevalence of
hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and hepatitis D in the prisoners.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic search using the keywords in online databases of PubMed, Web
of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct. Two independent researchers examined the quality of the articles
and the probable risk of bias. The most relevant articles by title and abstract were retrieved. Finally,
the full text of selected articles was read, and the critical findings were extracted.

Results:

Reviews of 23 studies showed that most prisoners are susceptible to hepatitis B and hepatitis
C. One study also indicated that prisoners could be infected with hepatitis A and hepatitis E. The most
common routes of hepatitis transmission in prisons were intravenous drug use, needle sharing, tattooing,
and unsafe sex with multiple sexual partners.

Conclusion:

High-risk sexual behaviors, shared contaminated needles for IV drug injection, and tattooing
are the principal routes of hepatitis transmission among prison inmates. Hepatitis treatment is
feasible and could be useful for infected prisoners undergoing a well-designed treatment program.
Recent Patents on Roller Bearing
Authors: Pan Chengyi , Wang Chuan , Zhao Yanling , Bao Yudong , Chang Jiahao
Published: June 2022

Background:

Roller bearing is a widely used component in modern machinery. It has the
advantages of small friction, low starting torque, high rotation accuracy, less power loss, and high
efficiency. The researches on the structure and working principle of new type roller bearings are
conducive to improving the performance of bearings. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and
summarize the recent research.

Objective:

By summarizing the research on roller bearings in recent years, some valuable conclusions
are obtained to predict the future development of roller bearings and provide a reference for
researchers in related fields.

Methods:

This paper summarizes the representative patents related to roller bearings, including
bearings with tapered rollers, cylindrical rollers, spherical rollers, and needle rollers. The advantages
and disadvantages of these roller bearings are discussed. The influences of the special
structure of these bearings on their performances are analyzed.

Results:

The existing problems are summarized through the analyses of the patents related to roller
bearings. New patents of roller bearing to be developed in the future are expected.

Conclusion:

Optimizing the roller bearing structure improves the accuracy and reliability of the
whole equipment. It is necessary to continually improve the roller bearings' structure according to
the actual working conditions, especially simplifying the bearing structure. More and more novel
bearings will be invented in the future.
Recent Patents on Friction and Wear Tester
Authors: Pan Chengyi , Gu Yanguang , Chang Jiahao , Wang Chuan
Published: June 2022

Background:

Friction and wear of parts in the machine seriously affect the service life and efficiency of the machine. The friction and wear characteristics of parts are important for the mechanical industry. The mechanism of friction and wear is complex and wear have far lacked a systematic theory. The friction and wear characteristics of materials or parts must be tested through test. Thus, the friction and wear tester plays an important supporting role in tribological research. The function and accuracy of the testers are critical to its accuracy and efficiency.

Objective:

This study summarizes the current development status of friction and wear testers and explains the development trend of friction and wear testers.

Methods:

This article reviews various representative patents related to friction and wear tester. The friction and wear tester is classified. The characteristics of various detection methods are analyzed, the problems existing in the current development are summarized and analyzed.

Results:

The advantages and disadvantages of the related patents of the existing friction and wear tester are analyzed. It is found that there are major problems such as low detection accuracy, low efficiency and incomplete functions. The development trend of friction and wear tester is expected.

Conclusion:

The optimization and progress of the friction and wear tester is conducive to improve the wear resistance of the material, the service life of the parts and the working accuracy. In the future, more friction and wear testers will be invented.
PERFORMANSI POMPA INJEKSI BAHAN KIMIA PADA ANJUNGAN WEST STUPA
Authors: Maryanti Budha , Saputra Rian Indra
Published: June 2022

The West Stupa Pavilion is one of the offshore platforms of TOTAL E&P Indonesie which operates in the oil and gas sector in Indonesia. In the production process at the West Stupa platform, there is a pneumatic pump which is useful for injection of corrosion inhibitor chemicals for pipe flow, corrosion inhibitor pumps using a plunger pump type. Corrosion inhibitor pumps have a controlled-volume function, where the normal injection rate is 0.5 L / MMSCF. Where the West Stupa ridge system is a state asset and a company asset, it must be maintained. The stability of the injection of existing chemicals still needs to be re-evaluated in order to achieve a stable injection system and maximize the function of chemicals. The research was conducted at the West Stupa Pavilion, South Mahakam field, the work area of ​​TOTAL E&P Indonesie in East Kalimantan. The research is a calculation of the total head of the chemical injection pump using a working pressure simulation method with fluid in the form of EPT2300 and KI3063 which have different SG (Specific Gravity). The results showed that the performance of the chemical injection pump at the West Stupa platform after being calculated to have the highest total head of 402.02 m at the EPT2300 the amount of flow was 52 liters/day and 373.5 m at KI3063 the amount of flow was 49 liters/day with Performance percentage was 7.1% greater when pumping EPT2300 chemicals. Therefore, it is advisable to carry out periodic checks on the internal components of the pump if you want to pump KI3063 chemical with higher specific gravity.
PERFORMA DESALINASI AIR LAUT TENAGA SURYA TIPE WICK METODE KAPILER
Authors: Manafe Siska Rutami , Tarigan Ben V. , Sanusi Arifin
Published: June 2022

How to get clean water using the seawater desalination process into pure water in coastal communities. Basin is a sea water desalination tool in the form of a tub or bowl to hold sea water. The basin used in this study was shaped like a tub using a cover made of glass with a thickness of 0.003 m, a slope of 25o and consisted of two types of basins in which one consisted of three levels and the other two levels. From the test results with the variation of the cover glass distance and level variations in the basin showed that the productivity of pure water at the distance of the glass cover 0.105 m basin three levels more is 416 ml while at the distance of the glass cover 0.11 m the productivity of pure water in the basin was two levels more which is 450 ml. The most pure water productivity found in the distance of 0.11 m cover glass, either a three-level basin or a two-level basin with a total  pure water productivity of 667 ml. Whereas in the variation in the number of levels in the basin, pure water productivity found in the two-level basin, 450 ml with a desalination efficiency of 26.07%.
KARAKTERISTIK MATERIAL KOMPOSIT BERBASIS BATUAN BASALT DAN DROSS AL
Authors: Al Muttaqii Muhammad , Kurniajaya Fauzul , Hadi Agung Efrio
Published: June 2022

Basalt is one of the basic igneous rocks formed from the freezing process of magma on the earth's surface and has a very good grain size. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the composite basalt as initial data for the manufacture of brake linings. In this study, basalt was made into a composite with the composition of basalt and dross Al of 45:30%, 55:20%, 65:10% and polyester resin 25%. The material used has particle sizes of 100, 150, and 200 mesh. The materials were made by mixing for 5, 10, and 15 min. Then carried out the compaction process with a load of 2 tons with a holding time of 5 min. Next, the material was sintered at 150 oC for 2 h. The characteristics studied were compressive strength referring to ASTM D695-15 and Absorption referring to SNI 03-2105-2006. From the results of composite testing, the best characteristics were found in specimen 3, with a compressive strength value of 113.616 MPa and Absorption of 1.39%.