bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cross-species transmission and histopathological variation in specific-pathogen-free minipigs infected with different hepatitis E virus strains
Authors: Jung Soontag , Yeo Daseul , Seo Dong-Joo , Choi In-Soo , Choi Changsun
Published: July 2024

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of viral hepatitis worldwide. Pigs are the natural host of HEV genotype 3 and the main reservoir of HEV. As the host range of HEV genotype 3 expands, the possibility that HEV from various species can be transmitted to humans via pigs is increasing. We investigated the potential cross-species transmission of HEV by infecting minipigs with swine HEV (swHEV), rabbit HEV (rbHEV), and human HEV (huHEV) and examining their histopathological characteristics and distribution in various organs. Fifteen specific-pathogen-free Yucatan minipigs were infected with swHEV, rbHEV, huHEV, or a mock control. In the present study, we analysed faecal shedding, viremia, and serological parameters over a seven-week period. Our results indicated that swHEV exhibited more robust shedding and viremia than non-swHEVs. Only swHEV affected the serological parameters, suggesting strain-specific differences. Histopathological examination revealed distinct patterns in the liver, pancreas, intestine, and lymphoid tissues after infection with each HEV strain. Notably, all three HEVs induced histopathological changes in the pancreas, supporting the association of HEVs with acute pancreatitis. Our results also identified skeletal muscle as a site of HEV antigen presence, suggesting a potential link to myositis. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the infection dynamics of different HEV strains in minipigs, emphasizing the strain-specific variations in virological, serological, and histological parameters. The observed differences in infection kinetics and tissue tropism will contribute to our understanding of HEV pathogenesis and the potential for cross-species transmission.
Predictive value of dynamic arterial elastance for vasopressor withdrawal: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alvarado-Sánchez Jorge Iván , Salazar-Ruiz Sergio , Caicedo-Ruiz Juan Daniel , Diaztagle-Fernández Juan José , Cárdenas-Bolivar Yenny Rocio , Carreño-Hernandez Fredy Leonardo , Mora-Salamanca Andrés Felipe , Montañez-Nariño Andrea Valentina , Stozitzky-Ríos María Valentina , Santacruz-Herrera Carlos , Ospina-Tascón Gustavo Adolfo , Pinsky Michael R.
Published: July 2024

Background

Dynamic arterial elastance (Eadyn) has been investigated for its ability to predict hypotension during the weaning of vasopressors. Our study focused on assessing Eadyn’s performance in the context of critically ill adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit, regardless of diagnosis.

Main body

Our study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis checklist. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023421462) on May 26, 2023. We included prospective observational studies from the MEDLINE and Embase databases through May 2023. Five studies involving 183 patients were included in the quantitative analysis. We extracted data related to patient clinical characteristics, and information about Eadyn measurement methods, results, and norepinephrine dose. Most patients (76%) were diagnosed with septic shock, while the remaining patients required norepinephrine for other reasons. The average pressure responsiveness rate was 36.20%. The synthesized results yielded an area under the curve of 0.85, with a sensitivity of 0.87 (95% CI 0.74–0.93), specificity of 0.76 (95% CI 0.68–0.83), and diagnostic odds ratio of 19.07 (95% CI 8.47–42.92). Subgroup analyses indicated no variations in the Eadyn based on norepinephrine dosage, the Eadyn measurement device, or the Eadyn diagnostic cutoff to predict cessation of vasopressor support.

Conclusions

Eadyn, evaluated through subgroup analyses, demonstrated good predictive ability for the discontinuation of vasopressor support in critically ill patients.
Research hotspots and trends of spinal cord stimulation for neuropathic pain: a bibliometric analysis from 2004 to 2023
Authors: Zhang Liwen , Li Zhenhua , Gu Haiyan , Chen Jinyan , Zhang Yanping , Yu Yuanyuan , Wang Hexiang
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to systematically analyze the development trend, research hotspots, and future development direction on the treatment of neuropathic pain (NP) with spinal cord stimulation through bibliometric method. We extracted the literature related to the treatment of NP with spinal cord stimulation from January 2004 to December 2023 from the Web of Science database. As a result, a total of 264 articles were retrieved. By analyzing the annual published articles, authors, countries, institutions, journals, co-cited literature, and keywords, we found that the count of publication in this field has been experiencing an overall growth, and the publications within the past 5 years accounted for 42% of the total output. Experts from the United States and the UK have made significant contributions in this field and established a stable collaborative team, initially establishing an international cooperation network. Pain is the frequently cited journal in this field. The study on spinal cord stimulation therapy for NP especially the study on spinal cord stimulation therapy for back surgery failure syndrome (FBSS) and its potential mechanisms are the research hotspots in this field, while the study on novel paradigms such as high-frequency spinal cord stimulation and spinal cord burst stimulation represents the future development directions. In short, spinal cord stimulation has been an effective treatment method for NP. The novel paradigms of spinal cord stimulation are the key point of future research in this field.
“Exploring the relationship of organizational virtuousness, citizenship behavior, job performance, and combatting ostracism” through structural equational modeling
Authors: Gogia Eimad Hafeez , Shao Zhen , Khan Karamat , Rehman Mohd Ziaur , Haddad Hossam , Al-Ramahi Nidal Mahmoud
Published: July 2024

Background

This theoretical model has been drawn on principles of social exchange theory to scrutinize the connection between organizational virtuousness and job performance with the mediating role of Organizational citizenship behavior and moderating role of workplace ostracism. A survey was conducted in Pakistan, gathering data from 486 employees working for various private and commercial banks.

Method

Soft and hard questionnaires were distributed to the participants, with social media platforms used for the soft questionnaires and meetings with employees for the hard questionnaires. A 7-point Likert scale was employed in data collection, and measures for the variables were adapted from reliable and valid sources. A demographic analysis was performed to summarize the sample collected from participants. The demographics results were analyzed using SPSS, while the measurement model and path analysis were conducted using Structural Equational Modeling with Smart PLS-4.

Results

The study’s findings showed a significant and positive relationship between organizational virtuousness and job performance, with organizational citizenship behavior serving as a mediator. Additionally, a negative moderation of workplace ostracism was observed in the mediation of organizational citizenship behavior toward the relationship between organizational virtuousness and job performance.

Conclusion

The study’s results contribute to the implementation of social exchange theory and related concepts in the banking sector of Pakistan, providing practical guidance for implementing virtuous practices within organizations and discouraging ostracism in banks to enhance overall performance. The study suggests that policies regarding the implementation of virtuous practices in organizations can be established, and workplace ostracism can be avoided by providing a platform for social gatherings and training employees. Managers should adopt appropriate leadership styles and relevant communication patterns to impact the organizational climate which can also help reduce the influence of ostracism in the organization. Additionally, a complaint cell should be established with complete confidentiality to reduce ostracism.
Timing limits of ultrafast cross-luminescence emission in CsZnCl-based crystals for TOF-CT and TOF-PET
Authors: Herweg Katrin , Rutstrom Daniel , Nadig Vanessa , Stand Luis , Melcher Charles L. , Zhuravleva Mariya , Schulz Volkmar , Gundacker Stefan
Published: July 2024

Background

Good timing resolution in medical imaging applications such as TOF-CT or TOF-PET can boost image quality or patient comfort significantly by reducing the influence of background noise. However, the timing resolution of state-of-the-art detectors in CT and PET are limited by their light emission process. Core-valence cross-luminescence is an alternative, but well-known compounds (e.g. BaF2) pose several problems for medical imaging applications, such as their emission wavelength in the deep UV. CsZnCl-based materials show promise to solve this issue, as they provide fast decay times of 1–2 ns and an emission wavelength around 300 nm.

Results

In this work, we investigated two CsZnCl-compounds: Cs2ZnCl4 and Cs3ZnCl5. We validated the previously published decay times on a time-correlated single-photon counting setup with 1.786 ± 0.016 ns for Cs2ZnCl4 and 1.034 ± 0.013 ns for Cs3ZnCl5. The setup’s high resolution enabled the discovery of an additional prompt emission component with a significant abundance of 98 ± 18 (Cs2ZnCl4) and 86 ± 14 (Cs3ZnCl5) photons/MeV energy deposit. In a PET coincidence experiment, we measured the best coincidence time resolution (CTR) of 62 ps (FWHM) for Cs2ZnCL4 coupled to FBK VUV SiPMs with silicon oil. To assess the CTR for lower energies, we filtered the energy along the Compton continuum and found a deteriorated CTR that seems to be mainly influenced by photon statistics. Furthermore, this study gave us a rough estimate of e.g. 150 ps (FWHM) CTR at 100 keV energy for Cs2ZnCL4. From measurements with high activity of 14 MBq to check for pile-up effects we assume that Cs2ZnCl4 is better suited for high-rate time-of-flight applications than lutetium-based oxides. Simulations demonstrated that the stopping power of Cs2ZnCl4 is lower than for LSO:Ce,Ca, meaning that a high amount of material would be needed for TOF-PET applications. However, the stopping power seems acceptable for applications in TOF-CT.

Conclusions

The fast decay time, state-of-the-art CTR in benchtop experiments and high-rate suitability make CsZnCl materials a promising candidate for time-of-flight experiments. We consider especially TOF-CT a suitable application due to its relatively low X-ray energies (~ 100 keV) and the thusly acceptable stopping power of Cs2ZnCl4. Currently, further exploration of the prompt emission and its creation mechanism is planned, as well as investigating the light transport of Cs2ZnCl4 in longer crystals.
Recommendations on cutaneous and hematological manifestations of Sjögren’s disease by the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology
Authors: Pugliesi Alisson , Egypto Danielle Christinne Soares do , Duffles Guilherme , Cantali Diego Ustárroz , Pasoto Sandra Gofinet , Oliveira Fabiola Reis , Valim Valeria , Lopes Maria Lucia Lemos , Miyamoto Samira Tatiyama , Fernandes Marilena Leal Mesquita Silvestre , Fialho Sonia Cristina de Magalhães Souza , Pinheiro Aysa César , Santos Laura Caldas dos , Appenzeller Simone , Ribeiro Sandra Lucia Euzébio , Libório-Kimura Tatiana Nayara , Santos Maria Carmen Lopes Ferreira Silva , Gennari Juliana D´Agostino , Pernanbuco Roberta , Capobiano Karina Gatz , Civile Vinicius Tassoni , Pinto Ana Carolina Pereira Nunes , Rocha-Filho César Ramos , Rocha Aline Pereira da , Trevisani Virginia Fernandes Moça
Published: July 2024

Sjogren’s disease (SjD) is an autoimmune disease that is characterized not only by the sicca symptoms it causes but also by its systemic nature, which is capable of several and not yet fully understood extraglandular manifestations. To gain a clearer understanding of these manifestations as well as a better practical approach, a panel of experts from the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the identification of epidemiologic and clinical features of the extraglandular manifestations present in ESSDAI (EULAR Sjogren´s syndrome disease activity index), followed by a voting panel with recommendations for clinical practice. This publication is complementary to others already published and covers cutaneous and hematological manifestations, with prevalence data generated by a meta-analysis of 13 clinical or laboratory manifestations and 6 clinical management recommendations.
A rare case of hepatic hydatid cyst in Somalia: a case report
Authors: Mohamud Mohamed Adam , Omar Abdirahman Ahmed , Adam Mohamed Hussein , Elaagip Arwa , İbrahim Ismail Gedi
Published: July 2024

Background

Echinococcosis, or hydatid disease, is caused by the larval forms of taeniid cestodes belonging to the genus Echinococcus. Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis are the primary species responsible for human echinococcosis, and mostly they affect the liver. The disease course is typically slow, and the patients tend to remain asymptomatic for many years.

Case presentation

A case of 19-year-old male Somali from Medina, Saudi Arabia, was presented to the Mogadishu Somali Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital with the complaint of right upper quadrant abdominal pain and dysuria for 1 month. A thorough physical examination, laboratory examination, and imaging investigations, including abdominal sonography and computed tomography (CT), were conducted.

Both ultrasound and CT scans revealed a cystic lesion in the right lobe of the liver, confirming the diagnosis of a hydatid cyst. Consequently, the patient underwent exploratory laparotomy. It was successfully managed surgically, and the definitive diagnosis was provided by the pathologist, confirming degenerated echinococcal cysts that contain abundant debris. Additionally, the patient received oral albendazole both before and after the surgery and after 7 months and is currently symptom-free.

Conclusions

Hydatid disease in the liver may persist without symptoms and often goes undiagnosed due to the slow growth of the cysts. The diagnosis needs careful history reporting, physical examination, and appropriate imaging investigations.
Hepatic cholera: a case report with literature review
Authors: Khatana Gaurav , Unnikrishnan Lal Krishna , Kolassery Sandesh , Sebastian Saji , Nair Sindhu Radha Sadasivan , Muraleedharanpillai Ramu
Published: July 2024

Background

Vasoactive intestinal peptide-secreting tumors (VIPomas), also known as WDHA syndrome (or “pancreatic cholera”), are rare neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) with an incidence of 0.05 to 2%. It secretes excessive amounts of VIP, leading to watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and hypochlorhydria. In adults, they occur most commonly between the ages of 30 and 50 years and are mostly intrapancreatic, occurring in the tail of the pancreas, and rarely located in other segments of the gastrointestinal tract, such as the adrenal glands (35%), paraspinal retroperitoneal ganglia (30–35%), posterior mediastinum (20%), head and neck (1–5%), pelvis (2–3%), and rarely (1%) thymus, lung, kidney, anterior mediastinum, and liver.

Case presentation

Our patient, a 22-year-old man, was admitted with recurrent episodes of large-volume chronic watery diarrhea, generalized muscle weakness, and significant weight loss. After a complete workup, a solitary primary hepatic VIPoma was diagnosed. The patient underwent surgical resection of the liver lesion. Following surgery, there was immediate regression of diarrhea and electrolyte abnormalities, with no recurrence at the 1-year follow-up.

Conclusion

Neuroendocrine tumors, particularly VIPomas, are rare and mostly intrapancreatic. Solitary primary hepatic VIPoma is extremely rare, and to the best of our knowledge, only four cases without any evidence of a pancreatic lesion have been reported. Diagnosis remains challenging, as it is often not detected on conventional imaging. The prognosis mostly depends on tumor grade, stage, and surgical resectability.
Social media influencer streamers and live-streaming shopping: examining consumer behavioral intention through the lens of the theory of planned behavior
Authors: Long Junyu , Zaidin Norzaidahwati , Mai Xiaojun
Published: July 2024

The rapid development of live streaming has given rise to live-streaming shopping, a novel channel of online shopping that has gained considerable market value. While previous studies have explored various factors influencing consumers' intentions to engage in live-streaming shopping, most have focused on factors influencing behavioral intention after consumers have already chosen live-streaming as their online shopping channel. Few studies have focused on the beginning of the entire shopping journey—the intention of consumers to choose live-streaming shopping. To fill this research gap, this study extends the theory of planned behavior by introducing social media influencer streamers as an exogenous variable. We investigated how attitudes toward live-streaming shopping, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and social media influencer streamers collectively influence the consumer’s intention for live-streaming shopping. To achieve those research objectives, the study distributed an online questionnaire across four specific regions in the Chinese market. By using stratified sampling and purposive sampling methods, we garnered 385 valid responses from those four regions. The study employed partial least squares structural equation modelling and SmartPLS 4.0 for data analysis. Consequently, the results show that both attitudes toward live-streaming shopping, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and social media influencer streamers have a significant on consumers’ intention for live-streaming shopping. Moreover, social media influencer streamers exhibit significant influences on consumers’ attitudes toward live-streaming shopping, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control.
An effective investigation of chatter prediction system on Al6061 alloy in an end milling process
Authors: C Trivikrama Raju , S Jakeer Hussain , G Yedukondalu , Kolli Murahari
Published: July 2024

Visual examination of the surface topography, in conjunction with the other sensors, may confirm the existence of chatter. Online chatter detection during real machining operations is possible with the use of sensors, and the presence of noise in their output and restricted bandwidth are the major drawbacks of these sensors. Productivity drops and manufacturing costs go up when there is a lot of chatter in the machining process. In the present paper, an integrated spindle tool system is modeled using finite element method with Timoshenko beam theory including rotational and shear deformation effects. To maximize the average stable depth of cut in an end milling process while simultaneously minimizing the chatter vibration levels, real time and offline strategies have been investigated. Machining experiments performed on Al6061-alloy specimens provide an empirical confirmation of the stability boundaries. The surface topography methods such as scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope images along with vibration levels are considered, to identify chatter marks under various machining conditions, which helps to assure cutting process stability. Stability lobe diagrams are plotted with these derived conditions and observed at an incremental level in the axial depths of the cut. The methodology shown in this paper improves the machining stability of the end milling with the reduction in the tool tip vibrations.
Preparation of a monoclonal antibody against recombinant LSDV034 protein and its application in detecting lumpy skin disease virus through a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA)
Authors: Yuan Xinwei , Zhao Hui , Ji Wanfeng , Yan Xiaohan , Xiang Zhijie , Yang Li , Geng Yuanchen , Chen Yingyu , Chen Jianguo , Chen Xi , Zhang Lei , Hu Changmin , Guo Aizhen
Published: July 2024

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a highly contagious disease caused by lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) in bovines. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is very important to controll it. However, current commercial detection kits need to be improved in terms of sensitivity or specificity. This study aimed to develop a novel diagnostic competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) based on the newly identified antigen gene LSDV034. The rLSDV034 protein was identified as a potential diagnostic antigen, and it was expressed, purified, and used to immunize BALB/c mice. Using laboratory-prepared indirect ELISA (iELISA), the positive cell lines were screened, and their blocking activity was further verified by competitive ELISA (cELISA). The cell line, 1H7, was chosen to produce mouse ascites, which were purified for a monoclonal antibody (mAb, 5.395 mg/mL). The heavy chain type of the 1H7 mAb was identified as IgG1a, and its light chain subtype was identified as κ. Furthermore, cELISA was developed to detect bovine serum antibodies, with rLSDV034 (4 μg/mL) as the coating antigen and HRP-1H7 mAb (1:300) as the competitive antibody. The cutoff value of cELISA was 55%, based on 32 negative bovine serum samples. The analytical sensitivity was 1:8, and no cross-reaction was detected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV), Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida), or Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) from the serum samples. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of cELISA were 98.46% (95% confidence interval, CI: 91.7–100) and 100% (95% CI: 89.1–100), respectively, based on the analysis of 30 LSDV-infected bovine serum samples, 35 GTPV-vaccinated samples, and 32 negative samples. The overall coincidence of the cELISA with the virus neutralization test (VNT) reached 98.97% (95% CI: 94.4–100). Furthermore, we used cELISA to analyze 230 clinical bovine serum samples (including 59 infected and 171 vaccinated samples) and found that the serum positivity rates of the immunized samples (on d 60 postimmunization) and infected samples were 77.78% (95% CI: 70.8–83.8%) and 71.19% (95% CI: 57.9–82.2), respectively. These results indicate that the developed cELISA is promising for detecting serum antibodies in naturally infected or vaccinated cattle.
Neurophysiological measurements of planarian brain activity: a unique model for neuroscience research
Authors: Benita Orel , Nesher Nir , Shomrat Tal
Published: July 2024

Planarians are well-known model organisms for regeneration and developmental biology research due to their remarkable regenerative capacity. Here, we aim to advocate for the use of planaria as a valuable model for neurobiology, as well. Planarians have most of the major qualities of more developed organisms, including a primal brain. These traits combined with their exceptional regeneration capabilities, allow neurobiological experiments not possible in any other model organism, as we demonstrate by electrophysiological recording from planaria with two heads that controlling a shared body. To facilitate planarian neuroscience research, we developed an extracellular multi-unit recording procedure for the planarians fragile brain (Dugesia japonica). We created a semi-intact preparation restrained with fine dissection pins, enabling hours of reliable recording, via a suction electrode. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility and potential of planarian neurophysiological research by characterizing the neuronal activity during simple learning processes and responses to various stimuli. In addition, we examined the use of linalool as anesthetic agent to allows recordings from an intact, large worm and for fine electrophysiological approaches such as intracellular recording. The demonstrated ability for neurophysiological measurements, along with the inherent advantages of planarians, promotes this exceptional model organism for neuroscience research.
FREQUENT CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS BY THE FORMATION OF THE IRAQ IMAGE IN THE GERMAN FEDERAL MEDIA
Authors: Al-Khafaji Laith Hamid Mohammed Ali
Published: July 2024

The conceptual metaphor as a linguistic phenomenon defining our perception and evaluation has a rich research tradition. Against the background of modern selective ideologized information and information fatigue of the mass addressee, interest in conceptual metaphor as a tool for discursive construction of social reality, including the formation and replication of the media image of the country, its stereotyping, is increasing. The purpose of the study is to identify the leading conceptual metaphors in the formation of the image of Iraq in the German federal media, to characterize their nominative fields, to identify the features they introduce into the portrait of the country.
Methodology. The material of the analysis is the publications of the German federal media devoted to Iraq in the period from 2019 to the present. The object of the analysis is the contexts selected by the continuous sampling method for the implementation of frequency conceptual metaphors. Contextual, definitional analysis and quantitative calculations are used.
Results. As the main conceptual metaphors involved in the formation of the image of Iraq, the metaphors "Iraq is a place of uncontrolled power", "Iraq is a living being", "Iraq is an incomplete whole", "Iraq is a theater" are highlighted. The first metaphor is dominant in terms of frequency and density of the nominative field; the least productive is the last of the named metaphors. Metaphors are implemented by constituents of certain semantic fields, and they introduce significant features into the created portrait of the country.
Practical implications. The results obtained contribute to the further development of imagology, the study of discursive, metaphorical construction of reality, the relationship of mental, linguistic and social processes; they can be used in the training of specialists in the field of political communication, monitoring of media and social processes, and can also be useful to political technologists.
Estimating Stockout Costs and Optimal Stockout Rates: A Case on the Management of Ugly Produce Inventory
Authors: Lim Stanley Frederick W. T. , Rabinovich Elliot , Lee Sanghak , Park Sungho
Published: July 2024

Efficiently managing inventories requires an accurate estimation of stockout costs. This estimation is complicated by challenges in determining how to compensate consumers monetarily to ensure they will maintain the same level of utility they would have obtained had stockouts not occurred. This paper presents an analysis of these compensation costs as applied to the design of optimal stockout rates by an online retailer marketing to consumers aesthetically substandard fruits and vegetables rejected by mainstream grocery chains. Because growers face high uncertainty in their harvesting conditions and in the aesthetic quality of their crops and there are little data on hand to predict the value consumers attach to the availability of subpar produce, it is difficult to optimally match the supply of these products with consumers’ demand. Our analysis draws from a multiple discrete-continuous extreme value (MDCEV) choice model to calculate consumer compensations that the retailer can use to estimate the opportunity costs of stockouts to manage its inventory. We show that not taking into account these compensation costs could unduly inflate the optimal stockout rates for these products. Armed with these compensation cost estimates, we show how these costs can serve as incentives for retailers to source greater inventory amounts of imperfect produce from growers and how this will ultimately translate into less waste in the supply chain.

This paper was accepted by Charles Corbett, operations management.

Funding: Funding from Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (National Institute for Food and Agriculture, USDA) [Grant 2016-09900] is gratefully acknowledged.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.03174 .
From Feeds to Inboxes: A Comparative Study of Polarization in Facebook and Email News Sharing
Authors: Yoganarasimhan Hema , Iakovetskaia Irina
Published: July 2024

This study explores the polarization of news content shared on Facebook compared with email using data from the New York Times’ Most Emailed and Most Shared lists over 2.5 years. Employing latent Dirichlet allocation and large language models (LLMs), we find that highly polarized articles are more likely to be shared on Facebook (versus email), even after accounting for factors like topics, emotion, and article age. Additionally, distinct topic preferences emerge, with social issues dominating Facebook shares and lifestyle topics prevalent in emails. Contrary to expectations, political polarization of articles shared on Facebook did not escalate post-2020 election. We introduce a novel approach to measuring polarization of text content that leverages generative artificial intelligence models, like ChatGPT, and it is both scalable and cost effective. This research contributes to the evolving intersection of LLMs, social media, and polarization studies, shedding light on descriptive patterns of content dissemination across different digital channels.

This paper was accepted by Duncan Simester, marketing.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.04134 .
Predation on neotropical lizards Tropidurus sp. by tamarin primate Leontocebus weddelli in Brazil
Authors: Gomes Fernandes Janayne Cristina , de Araújo Paz Matheus , Pommer-Barbosa Raul Afonso , Alvares Oliveira Marcela
Published: July 2024

La dieta de los primates tamarinos es predominantemente frugívora e insectívora, puede incluir otros elementos en su dieta como néctar, semillas y artrópodos, mientras que el consumo de vertebrados es ocasional.  Se presenta un registro inédito de consumo de lagartijas neotropicales (Tropidurus sp.) por parte del tamarino pichico (Leontocebus weddelli) en Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brasil.  El registro se realizó en el año 2022 en el campus José Ribeiro Filho de la Universidad Federal de Rondônia, la cual está situada en la zona periurbana, a 9.5 km de la ciudad de Porto Velho.  Se utilizó el método ad libitum, registrando continuamente todos los aspectos conductuales importantes del primate.  Se observó en el suelo a un individuo adulto de sexo indeterminado de Leontocebus weddelli, que durante aproximadamente 6 minutos consumió por completo a un individuo adulto de Tropidurus sp.  Los representantes del género Leontocebus consumen frutas e insectos, y las lagartijas no son los principales ítems en su dieta, pero representan una importante fuente de energía.  Esta nota refuerza el potencial adaptativo de este género, además de la exploración estacional de presas en entornos muy alterados.
Mammals in a cloud forest patch and a restored area in central Veracruz, México
Authors: Pérez-Gracida Luis David , Serna-Lagunes Ricardo , Mezhua-Velázquez Mauricio Javier , Mora-Collado Norma , García-Martínez Miguel A. , Torres-Cantú Gerardo
Published: July 2024

En el bosque mesófilo de montaña (BMM) se reporta el 53 % de las especies de mamíferos de México.  Los mamíferos han sido afectados negativamente por diferentes causas, y algunos están clasificados en categoría de riesgo.  El objetivo del estudio fue conocer la riqueza y abundancia de una comunidad de mamíferos en un fragmento de BMM y una zona de restauración (ZR), en Huatusco, Veracruz, México.  Se utilizó fototrampeo y búsqueda de huellas para el registro de mamíferos (septiembre 2019-mayo 2020).  Se realizó un listado taxonómico incluyendo la categoría de riesgo (NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010 y IUCN).  Se comparó la riqueza de especies mediante curvas de acumulación de especies y se calculó un índice de similitud entre los tratamientos.  Se registraron 15 especies: 13 mediante cámaras trampa y 2 por huellas.  Destacan Leopardus wiedii (peligro de extinción/casi amenazada), Dasyprocta mexicana (peligro crítico), Potos flavus (amenazada), Galictis vittata (protección especial) y Mazama temama (especie cinegética).  El BMM y la ZR presentaron 9 y 12 especies, con una completitud del 96 % y el 100 %, respectivamente, y una similitud de 63 %.  Se determinó que la riqueza de especies en el área se ve complementada entre ambos tratamientos.  En la ZR encontramos especies oportunistas, mientras que en el BMM especies con menor tolerancia a la perturbación.  La presencia de carnívoros es un indicativo de la importancia de esta área para la conservación de los mamíferos.
First record of the genus Metachirus in Guatemala
Authors: Trujillo Luis A. , Escobar-Anleu Bárbara I.
Published: July 2024

El género Metachirus tiene una amplia distribución en toda América, pero existen grandes vacíos en su distribución en el norte de Mesoamérica, donde sólo ha sido documentado en algunas localidades de Honduras y México.  Durante expediciones biológicas en el norte y noreste de Guatemala, recolectamos evidencia sobre la presencia del género Metachirus en el país.  Observamos y fotografiamos un individuo de la zarigüeya café de cuatro ojos, M. myosuros, en la Reserva Hídrica y Forestal de Sierra Caral, Izabal, Guatemala.  Nuestra observación de M. myosuros llena vacíos en la distribución de las poblaciones norteñas de la especie y representa la adición de un nuevo género a la fauna de mamíferos reportada para el país.
Evaluación multicriterio y los modelos de distribución potencial: Herramientas clave para la mitigación del cambio climático y la conservación del jaguar (Panthera onca) en el noreste de México y sur de EUA
Authors: Torres-Olave Maria Elena , Vital-García Cuauhcihuatl , Rojas-Villalobos Hugo Luis , Bravo-Peña Luis Carlos , Salas-Aguilar Víctor Manuel , Carrillo-Reyes Arturo , Rioja-Paradela Tamara Mila , Melgoza-Castillo Alicia , Pinedo-Álvarez Carmelo
Published: July 2024

Para llevar a cabo protocolos de conservación del jaguar (Panthera onca) es indispensable determinar la idoneidad de hábitat de la especie por lo que, el objetivo de este trabajo es el análisis de idoneidad espacial para la conservación de Panthera onca para el noreste de México y sur de Estados Unidos como medida para mitigar el efecto del cambio climático. La evaluación de la idoneidad espacial del hábitat del jaguar en el noreste de México y el sur de Estados Unidos ayudará a implementar medidas de conservación para mitigar el impacto del cambio climático en la especie. Lo que conlleva a responder la pregunta ¿Cuál es el hábitat optimo del jaguar en el área seleccionada, y cómo se puede utilizar esta información para mitigar los efectos del cambio climático a través de medidas de conservación? Se utilizó un modelo de distribución potencial y una evaluación multicriterio. El AUC de entrenamiento promedio para los modelos corridos es 0.86. Por otra parte, el método de evaluación multicriterio es consistente (CR = 0.0725) por lo que los criterios seleccionados para el hábitat del jaguar son adecuados y favorables. En el área de estudio hay 1,257,650 ha que reúnen las condiciones de hábitat idóneo casi continuo para el jaguar tanto en México como EUA que no están consideradas para conservación de este felino en ambos países. Estas técnicas generan cartografía que puede auxiliar en la toma de decisiones de conservación, preservación, reintroducción y manejo de este felino ante el cambio climático.
Medium-sized mammals in an urban park of Xalapa, Veracruz, México and local knowledge about wildlife
Authors: Ramos-Luna Jorge , Sandoval-Comte Adriana , González-Casas I. Akemy , Serio-Silva Juan Carlos
Published: July 2024

Los inventarios de vida silvestre son herramientas para la investigación biológica que pueden fomentar la conciencia pública sobre temas ambientales.  Este estudio proporciona información sobre los mamíferos medianos que deambulan por el Jardín de las Esculturas, un parque de 2 ha ubicado en la ciudad de Xalapa, Veracruz, México, en el que no se han llevado a cabo trabajos previos sobre mamíferos.  Los datos se obtuvieron como parte de un proyecto de educación ambiental, a través de fototrampeo y entrevistas informales con los empleados del parque.  Reportamos por primera vez un inventario de mamíferos medianos para este sitio. Se registraron un total de 5 órdenes, 7 familias y 10 especies, 8 de las cuales son fauna nativa.  A pesar de no encontrarse en ninguna categoría de riesgo, la pérdida de áreas verdes y los conflictos socioambientales podrían eventualmente llevarlas a la extirpación, junto con sus funciones ecológicas.  Los empleados reportaron diversos conflictos entre asentamientos humanos vecinos y las especies silvestres registradas.  Nosotros destacamos la importancia de esta zona como parte del archipiélago de fragmentos de bosques de Xalapa, al tiempo que mencionamos la relevancia de diseñar programas de educación ambiental que tengan como fin el fomentar la conexión con las especies locales, la difusión de su biología y conservación.
New records and distributional extensions of Peropteryx leucoptera, Gardnerycteris crenulatum, and Lampronycteris brachyotis in Bolivia
Authors: Poma-Urey José L. , Acosta Salvatierra Luis H. , Malpartida Nicolas , Ramírez-Chaves Héctor E. , Ochoa G. José
Published: July 2024

En los últimos 5 años, el conocimiento de los murciélagos (Chiroptera) de Bolivia ha avanzado significativamente, adicionándose 10 especies y una lista actualizada para el país.  A pesar de los avances en el conocimiento de la fauna de murciélagos, algunas especies han sido registradas por pocos especímenes de referencia (n < 8), tales como Peropteryx leucoptera (Emballonuridae), Gardnerycteris crenulatum y Lampronycteris brachyotis (Phyllostomidae).  Aquí reportamos nuevos registros para estas especies que amplían sus distribuciones en Bolivia y señalamos datos morfométricos adicionales.  La revisión incluye especímenes colectados y depositados en colecciones sistemáticas, realizamos comparaciones cualitativas y cuantitativas de variables externas y cráneo-dentales con las descripciones taxonómicas originales de las 3 especies.  También compilamos y proyectamos en mapas las localidades correspondientes a registros históricos en Bolivia.  Los nuevos registros representan extensiones de distribución a 10 provincias biogeográficas dentro de Bolivia.  Los especímenes de P. leucoptera provienen de la región sureste del país.  Para G. crenulatum y L. brachyotis presentamos el registro más austral y oriental en Bolivia, respectivamente.  Los especímenes de P. leucoptera tienden a ser más pequeños que otros colectados en la región, mientras que los especímenes de G. crenulatum son ligeramente mayores que aquellos reportados en otros países.  Los nuevos registros extienden entre 197 y 736 km los rangos geográficos conocidos para estas especies en Bolivia.  Recomendamos incrementar los esfuerzos orientados a la actualización de las distribuciones de otras especies con escasos registros en Bolivia.
APRENDIZAGEM COMO MEIO DE INCLUSÃO DA PESSOA COM DEFICIÊNCIA NO MERCADO DE TRABALHO
Authors: Salezze Sulti Isabella , Passon Picoretti Francischetto Gilsilene
Published: July 2024

O presente artigo expõe a discussão acerca dos programas de aprendizagem para pessoas com deficiência, regulamentados pela Lei 11.180/05, como instrumento para sua inclusão no âmbito trabalhista. Abordam-se, desse modo, o histórico de exclusão das pessoas com deficiência; o trabalho como direito fundamental e a possibilidade de utilização da aprendizagem para solucionar a problemática de exclusão das pessoas com deficiência no mercado de trabalho, além de debater a respeito da efetividade da Lei 8.213/91, que estabelece reserva de vagas para pessoas com deficiência, na tentativa de efetivação desse direito para essas pessoas. Ademais, trata-se, ainda, sobre a legislação nacional e internacional destinada a essa temática. O trabalho foi produzido utilizando-se da metodologia teórico-bibliográfica.
Palavras-chave: Deficiência. Trabalho. Aprendizagem.
Supporting nutritional intake in patients with dementia: strategies for healthcare services
Authors: Goss-Hill Beth , Mumby Marie
Published: July 2024

Beth Goss‑Hill and Marie Mumby explore how healthcare services can address barriers to nutritional intake and facilitate holistic, person‑centred care for people with dementia and their caregivers, helping them to stay well for longer.
The Online Safety Bill
Authors: Raoof Awaz
Published: July 2024

With the delay of the Online Safety Bill, the UK should not abandon its obligations to protect children from online sexual exploitation and abuse, says Awaz Raoof, head of law and programmes at Coram International
Bracknell Forest Council
Authors: Hayes Derren
Published: July 2024

Affluent South East commuter belt authority is delivering outstanding outcomes for children and families under new leadership
Ultrathin Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films with Silver Nanoparticles as a Potential Antibacterial Coating
Authors: Amora Meluzvia Marie ,   Department of Food Science and Chemistry, College of Science and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Mintal, Davao City 8000 Philippines, Fundador Noreen Grace V. , Fundador Erwin Oliver V. ,   Department of Food Science and Chemistry, College of Science and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Mintal, Davao City 8000 Philippines,   Department of Food Science and Chemistry, College of Science and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Mintal, Davao City 8000 Philippines
Published: July 2024

Silv er nanoparticles (AgNPs) are already used as antibacterial agents for medical devices and food packaging materials. However, concerns about its toxicity still exist. AgNPs can be incorporated into ultrathin polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) films to minimize this risk. With PEMs, full surface coverage can be achieved with minimal AgNPs, minimizing human exposure. In this study, a simple protocol to fabricate ultrathin PEM/AgNP films using sodium ascorbate as a reductant was developed. The effects of the number of bilayers and ionic strength (0.05 to 0.50 M) on film thickness and amount of AgNPs were investigated. UV/VIS spectra show that increasing the number of bilayers from 1 to 5 would lead to a corresponding increase in film thickness and amount of synthesized AgNPs. Thicker layers and more AgNPs were deposited when the films were fabricated under higher ionic strengths. Films with thicknesses ranging from 15.67 to 87.13 nm were fabricated. The sizes of the incorporated AgNPs were between 54.32 and 259.26 nm, as characterized by scanning electron microscopy. All films were stable when submerged in water for 240 h, suggesting the migration of Ag/Ag+ from the films was minimal. The antibacterial efficacy of the films against Staphylococcus aureus was also assessed. Only the PEM/AgNP films fabricated with the highest salt concentration (0.50 M) showed antibacterial activity under resazurin assay. However, the Kirby Bauer method showed inhibition zones for all films fabricated under all salt concentrations, indicating antibacterial activity at the interface of the bacterial lawn and the films, even with the slow migration of Ag/Ag+. Thus, PEM/AgNP films have the potential to be used as an antibacterial coating.
Interplay of Ontological (In)Security Management Routines
Authors: Taj Farhat
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses the ontological (in)security management routines of Afghanistan and Pakistan. It highlights how Afghanistan’s stable routines keep Pakistan in a reactive mode. It also notes that Pakistan has at least one stable routine: integration of Pashtun of settled districts in the state structure of Pakistan. Moreover, it emphasizes that the complex Pakistan-Afghanistan relationship could not be fully explained by theories so far used to study it and advocates for the use of new theories, such as complexity theory, to uncover unexplored aspects of the relationship.
Crisis of Faith: Today's African Christians and Mami-Wata (Mother-Water) Spirituality
Authors: Uzukwu Gesila Nneka
Published: July 2024

precis: This study provides an analysis of the impact of Mami-Wata spirituality on an understanding of the place and fate of Christianity in Africa today. A section of the Christian population negotiates their Christian beliefs through the prism of their traditional African religious cosmology and worldviews. This new Christian African spirituality is generating waves of faith crises. While previous scholarship has investigated the crises of African Christian faith from the dominant point of view of African culture and context, from Christian-Muslim interaction, or from the influence of Western elements, there are no works that show the multidimensional impacts of Mami-Wata spirituality on Christians and their faith, identity, and theological discourses. Departing from past works, the present work investigates how rudimentary constructs of African spirituality have engaged Christianity on several fronts, from the problem of faith crisis and the engagement of the Mami-Wata deity to how some African Christians wrestle with their devotion to the Virgin Mary vis-à-vis the traditional Mami-Wata deity. This analysis also demonstrates the indispensability of the female divine in spiritual and religious discourses, and it provides a pathway to construct a theology that is both truly Christian and grounded in African realities.
At Grips with Romans 5:1
Authors: Lundahl Kalle O.
Published: July 2024

precis: The modern edition of the Greek New Testament, the Nestle-Aland, prints Romans 5:1 as follows: Δικαιωθέντες οὖν ἐκ πίστεως εἰρήνην ἔχομεν πρὸς τὸν θεὸν διὰ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ("Therefore, being justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ"). The main verb is ἔχομεν ("we have [peace]"). However, is this the right verb form? The person who copied the text (from an earlier, now lost manuscript) in the two fourth-century manuscripts, Sinaiticus and Vaticanus, wrote the hortative subjunctive ἔχωμεν ("let us have"). A later, correcting, hand changed it to the indicative ἔχομεν ("we have")—present in the Nestle-Aland. The subjunctive introduces an element of uncertainty about whether Christians (already) enjoy peace with God. This question relates to the doctrine of justification—one of the most divisive topics of the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation. The indicative variant supports the Lutheran side, while the subjunctive conforms to the Catholic viewpoint. Instead of the exclusive choice of one variant or the other, this essay proposes that future editions of the Greek New Testament print a neologism that combines both variants into one, ἔχôμεν ("let us have" and "we have"). M. C. Escher's lithograph Drawing Hands is used to show that the correcting and the original hands (in Sinaiticus and Vaticanus) are on the same level (in a tangled hierarchy). Finally, J. Derrida's neologism "otobiography" is used to demonstrate that the omicron and the omega are interwoven in Rom. 5:1.