bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flipped Programs: Traditional Agricultural Education in Non-Traditional Programs
Authors: Yopp Ashley M. , McKim Billy R. , Homeyer Megan M.
Published: October 2018

In this collective case study, we described three agricultural education programs that challenge stereotypes of agricultural education in urban settings. We observed and interviewed teachers in different environments and, in many cases, while working with students. Observations were made in classrooms and laboratories at secondary schools, in livestock barns, greenhouses, and vineyards on school farms. We explored the reciprocal relationship between personal, behavioral, and environmental determinants of social cognitive theory within and among components of the total agricultural education program model. In each program, all three components of the total agricultural education program model were being implemented using a combination of activities and curriculum that would often be considered traditional content. According to teachers, agriculture was a novel, captivating topic for students. Students’ lack of familiarity with production agriculture provided opportunities for students to experience something new.
Understanding Characteristics, Uses, Perceptions, and Barriers Related to School Farms in Oregon
Authors: Lambert Misty D. , Stewart Josh , Claflin Kellie
Published: October 2018

The relevance of experiential learning and opportunities a school farm can provide, along with the acknowledgment of potential barriers and the current deficit of research on school farms in Oregon make this study useful as a starting point in this line of exploration and in the preparation of teacher candidates. This study intended to gather descriptive data concerning school farms to gain a better understanding of the characteristics, uses, perceptions, and barriers to utilizing school farms as an experiential learning tool for students. Williams and McCarthy (1985) indicated utilizing school farms as a teaching-learning resource could benefit agricultural education programs, and Rose (2004) suggested we begin to reconsider how the school and workplace are connected. Approximately half of the agricultural education teachers in Oregon have access to a school farm. The primary facilities available on Oregon school farms were for equipment and tool storage and animal projects, with SAE and laboratory instruction being the main uses for students. Factors and barriers consist of the condition of the school farm, facilities, finances, and the ability of the teacher to oversee and to engage all students in the activity.
Using the Six Americas Framework to Communicate and Educate about Global Warming
Authors: Taylor Melissa , Lamm Alexa J. , Israel Glenn D. , Rampold Shelli D.
Published: October 2018

Agricultural communicators and extension educators need to make scientific information about global warming, a critical component of climate change, more salient to the general public to increase knowledge and to encourage people to take action to mitigate its effect; however, views on global warming are diverse. Scientists have repeatedly shown human activity is directly impacting the Earth’s climate. Despite this, a segment of the U.S. population (including politicians with a large amount of influence) are very vocal about their mistrust of climate science and lack of belief in global warming. States located on the coasts are affected by climate change the most where extreme weather events impact the safety of residents and agricultural production more often than those located inland. This research used the Six Americas framework to identify the diverse segments of believers/nonbelievers in Florida. Findings revealed 87% of respondents believed in climate change but are not actively engaged in its mitigation. Recommendations are offered on how agricultural communicators can reach diverse segments of the population and the role extension educators can play in their communities to turn difficult to understand climate science into something the public can understand and get behind.
Successful Secondary Agricultural Programs Outside the Classroom: A View of Champions
Authors: Bolton Andrew , Edgar Don W. , Carter Vinson
Published: October 2018

This study sought to identify traits and characteristics of secondary agricultural education programs contributing to success. A three round modified Delphi survey technique was utilized to frame this study. The researchers utilized purposive sampling to select members for the jury comprised of secondary agricultural instructors identified as high quality (n = 65). High quality programs were determined based on the results of various activities and competitions a program would participate in including CDE’s, LDE’s, Agriscience Fair Divisions, State Fair livestock shows, State Officer Elections, and National Chapter Awards. Data collected identified important factors associated with high performing SAE programs and that students should be actively involved with an SAE project. Additionally, important factors included that students should experience some kind of personal growth as they develop through a program and that students should be taught and prepared so they are able to take part in both program activities and eventually a career. The FFA program should be operated so that it is molding students into productive members of society. The FFA advisor should also be passionate and have a willingness and availability to work with members. Success does not only rely on instructors but is also dependent upon students.
Evaluating First Year Agriculture Teachers’ Use of Reflection
Authors: Meder Amanda , Smalley Scott , Retallick Michael
Published: October 2018

Reflection is a useful tool which improves teaching approaches; however, many first-year teachers do not appear to reflect upon their instructional plans (McAlpine & Weston, 2000). Prior research has indicated preservice teachers are not utilizing the acquired reflective approaches learned throughout the teacher preparation program (Hatton & Smith, 1995; Kagan & Tippins, 1992; Reynolds, 1993). It is believed teachers fail to implement reflective practice in their professional practice because they have not acquired the pedagogical knowledge to effectively reflect (McAlpine & Weston, 2000). The primary purpose of this study was to determine if beginning agricultural education teachers employed a systematic approach of reflection, determine what components of the teacher preparation program aided in learning, how to reflect, and to examine first-year teachers’ gratification with the reflective approaches learned from Iowa State University agricultural education teacher preparation program. The study drew on the theoretical framework of John Dewey and Donald Schon in support of reflection throughout an educator’s professional teaching career. This qualitative study consisted of phone interviews with six first-year secondary teachers who graduated from the teacher preparation program. All first-year teachers employed a systematic reflection approach and preferred the following approaches to reflection: written reflection, verbal reflection, or through internal dialogue. First-year teachers indicated they learned how to reflect from student teaching, the tuning protocol process, and in core classes. However, they indicated preservice teachers need more exposure to reflection during their student teaching experience and throughout coursework
Imaging Service-Learning in The Agricultural Education Magazine from 1929 to 2009: Implications for the Method’s Reframing and Use
Authors: Roberts Richie , Edwards M. Craig
Published: October 2018

Service-learning’s (SL) discourse is written as a story of victory, achievement, and transformation in school-based, agricultural education (SBAE). The resources dedicated to improving both learning and communities through SL can be significant. Little work, however, has been put forth to examine this victory narrative’s underlying assumptions and implications. Therefore, the purpose of this historical investigation was to explore how SL was imaged in The Agricultural Education Magazine (The Magazine) from 1929 to 2009. Through the analysis of data, SL’s imaging in The Magazine appears to have been positioned through three distinct lenses: (a) societal, (b) pedagogical, and (c) social justice. In societally imaged SL, actors emphasized the importance of shaping young adolescents into productive citizens to meet the demands of their society. Meanwhile, the pedagogical lens emerged in response to calls for improved instructional effectiveness; as a consequence, practitioners and scholars outlined how SL could be used to enhance students’ academic achievement. The final lens, social justice, arose as a way to address equity, race, and privilege in agricultural education. Based on these conclusions, we offer implications and recommendations that may help reframe SL to respond to contemporary issues and trends in SBAE.
Student Perceptions of Accelerated Course Delivery Format for Teacher Preparation Coursework
Authors: Colclasure Blake C. , LaRose Sarah E. , Warner Anna J. , Thoron Andrew C. , Roberts T. Grady
Published: October 2018

Acceleration of courses has been documented to achieve an extended academic calendar, financial benefits to universities, time savings for professors, and provide more flexibility for students. The purpose of this study was to examine preservice teachers’ learning experiences while enrolled in two accelerated teacher preparation courses. Results showed that students were dissatisfied with the accelerated course format and reported feeling stressed. Students noted challenges to meeting course expectations, but also indicated perceive benefits such as time management and realistic expectations for teachers. Additionally, students perceived they mastered the concepts from both courses. Although students did not prefer the accelerated course structure, the courses helped students gain the expected knowledge and skills. Based on conclusions of this study, recommendations include: (a) courses be reformatted back to the traditional semester delivery, (b) the curriculum design course be moved to the semester prior to the teaching methods course, and (c) universities should carefully review their entire teacher education curricula before adopting an accelerated class format.
Exploring Undergraduate Students’ Attitude Toward Undocumented Immigration: Implications for Agricultural Education
Authors: Qu Shuyang , Bletscher Caitlin , Lamm Alexa
Published: October 2018

Undocumented immigration has become a hot political topic. Considering the significant role undocumented immigrants play in U.S. agricultural and natural resources industry and the voting power of the undergraduate students, this study assessed undergraduate students’ attitudes toward undocumented immigrant issues. Using a slightly altered Attitudes toward Illegal Aliens Scale, we found the undergraduate students in general had an undecided attitude concerning issues toward undocumented immigration in the U.S. We also found students’ gender, political beliefs, and race played a significant role in the development of their attitude toward immigration issues. We recommend agricultural educators to integrate immigration issues and intercultural courses in their programs to help students better understand immigration issues and prepare students to work in the agricultural industry where they will inevitably encounter these issues. Future research should investigate factors that specifically shapes undergraduate students’ attitudes toward immigration issues, such as past experiences with immigrants and media exposure.
Urban and Rural Latino Students’ Experiences in Agricultural Education: Toward Defining Rural Privilege
Authors: Elliott Kristopher M. , Lambert Misty D.
Published: October 2018

Agricultural Education programs continue to become more diverse and dynamic. However, diversity does not necessarily ensure equity or inclusion. As such, many programs strive to increase inclusive programming and ensure all students fully actualize the three-circle model of school based agricultural education. In some programs, students from rural and non-rural backgrounds coexist in a single setting. As part of a larger parallel mixed methods multiple case study investigating the experiences of Latino students in Agricultural Education, the data from this substudy found certain inequalities between the rural and non-rural students in three of the four cases. Three sub-themes emerged from the data: 1) Students from non-rural backgrounds may not possess the same understanding of agriculture and agricultural education as their urban counterparts; 2) Lack of privileged information may present a barrier to access, enrollment, and involvement in secondary agricultural education programs; and, 3) Students from non-rural backgrounds tend to report fewer opportunities and more barriers to fully actualizing the three-circle model. Thick, rich descriptions are provided of the participants’ perceptions of these inequalities. Furthermore, researchers offer a working definition of Rural Privilege along with suggestions for practice and further research.
Temporal variations in the hygroscopicity and mixing state of black carbon aerosols in a polluted megacity area
Authors: Li Kangning , Ye Xingnan , Pang Hongwei , Lu Xiaohui , Chen Hong , Wang Xiaofei , Yang Xin , Chen Jianmin , Chen Yingjun
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) aerosols in the atmosphere strongly affect radiative forcing. They are mainly removed from the air by wet deposition, and their lifetime is controlled by their water uptake ability or hygroscopicity, which is a function of aerosol mixing states. It is well known that atmospheric aging processes coat various materials on BC aerosols and affect their mixing states and hygroscopicity. However, detailed relations between the aging processes and the hygroscopicity and mixing state of BC aerosol particles in polluted city areas are not well understood. Here, we studied the temporal variation in hygroscopicity and its correlation with the mixing state of ambient BC particles during the summer of 2017 in Shanghai, China, using a hygroscopic tandem differential mobility analyzer inline with a single-particle soot photometer (HTDMA–SP2 system) as well as a single-particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS). BC particles with 120, 240, and 360 nm in dry diameter were humidified at relative humidity (RH)  =  85 %. After humidification, particles with growth factors (GFs) of 1.0, 1.2, and 1.4, representing the BC particles with different hygroscopicities (hydrophobic, transition, and hydrophilic modes, respectively), were analyzed with a SP2 to obtain their BC mixing states. The diurnal trends in coating thickness and chemical mixing state show that coating materials of BC particles were distinct between daytime and nighttime. The differences were associated with the hygroscopicity of BC particles. Single-particle mass spectrometry and other chemical characterization techniques revealed that with lower temperature and higher RH during nighttime, formation or condensation of nitrates resulted in an enhanced hygroscopicity of BC particles. During daytime, secondary organic carbon formation was mainly responsible for the change of hygroscopicity of BC particles. Due to the high hygroscopicity of inorganic nitrate, a thinner nitrate coating on BC particles could convert fresh BC particles to aged hygroscopic ones during nighttime while a thicker coating layer of secondary materials was required to reach the same overall hygroscopicity during daytime because of the participation of secondary organic carbon. Different atmospheric aging processes between daytime and nighttime led to the change of BC particles' mixing states, which play a fundamental role in determining their hygroscopicity. To our knowledge, this is the first report of links between temporal variations in the hygroscopic growth of BC particles and atmospheric aging processes in polluted environments. These findings have significant ramifications in understanding the aging process, wet removal, and climate effects of BC particles.
Northern Hemisphere Contrail Properties Derived from Terra and Aqua MODIS Data for 2006 and 2012
Authors: Duda David P. , Bedka Sarah T. , Minnis Patrick , Spangenberg Douglas , Khlopenkov Konstantin , Chee Thad , Smith Jr. William L.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Linear contrail coverage, optical property, and radiative forcing data over the Northern Hemisphere (NH) are derived from a year (2012) of Terra and Aqua Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery, and are compared with previously published 2006 results (Duda et al., 2013; Bedka et al., 2013; Spangenberg et al., 2013) using a consistent retrieval methodology. Differences in the observed Terra-minus-Aqua screened contrail coverage and patterns in the 2012 annual-mean air traffic estimated with respect to satellite overpass time suggest that most contrails detected by the contrail detection algorithm (CDA) form approximately 2 h before overpass time. The 2012 screened NH contrail coverage (Mask B) shows a relative 3 % increase (from 0.136 % to 0.140 %) compared to 2006 data for Terra and increased by almost 7 % (0.134 % to 0.143 %) for Aqua. A new post-processing algorithm added to the contrail mask processing estimated that the total contrail cirrus coverage visible in the MODIS imagery may be three to four times larger than the linear contrail coverage detected by the CDA. This estimate is similar in magnitude to the spreading factor estimated by Minnis et al. (2013). Contrail property retrievals of the 2012 data indicate that both contrail optical depth and contrail effective diameter decreased approximately 10 % between 2006 and 2012. The decreases may be attributed to better background cloudiness characterization, changes in the waypoint screening, or changes in contrail temperature. The total mean contrail radiative forcing (TCRF) for all 2012 Terra observations were −6.3, 14.3, and 8.0 mW m−2 for the shortwave (SWCRF), longwave (LWCRF), and net forcings, respectively. These values are approximately 20 % less than the corresponding 2006 Terra estimates. The decline in TCRF results from the decrease in normalized CRF, partially offset by the 3 % increase in overall contrail coverage in 2012. The TCRFs for 2012 Aqua are similar, −6.4, 15.5, and 9.0 mW m−2 for shortwave, longwave, and net radiative forcing. The strong correlation between the relative changes in both total SWCRF and LWCRF between 2006 and 2012 and the corresponding relative changes in screened contrail coverage over each air traffic region suggests that regional changes in TCRF from year to year are dominated by interannual changes in contrail coverage over each area.
Intercomparison of lidar, aircraft, and surface ozone measurements in the San Joaquin Valley during the California Baseline Ozone Transport Study (CABOTS)
Authors: Langford Andrew O. , Alvarez Raul J. , Kirgis Guillaume , Senff Christoph J. , Caputi Dani , Conley Stephen A. , Faloona Ian C. , Iraci Laura T. , Marrero Josette E. , McNamara Mimi E. , Ryoo Ju-Mee , Yates Emma
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The California Baseline Ozone Transport Study (CABOTS) was conducted in the late spring and summer of 2016 to investigate the influence of long-range transport and stratospheric intrusions on surface ozone (O3) concentrations in California with emphasis on the San Joaquin Valley (SJV), one of two extreme ozone non-attainment areas in the U.S. One of the major objectives of CABOTS was to characterize the vertical distribution of O3 and aerosols above the SJV to aid in the identification of elevated transport layers and assess their surface impacts. To this end, the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) deployed the Tunable Optical Profiler for Aerosol and oZone (TOPAZ) mobile lidar to the Visalia Municipal Airport (36.315° N, −119.392° E) in the central SJV between 27 May and 7 August 2016. Here we compare the TOPAZ ozone and backscatter measurements with co-located in-situ surface measurements and nearby regulatory monitors, and to airborne measurements from the University of California at Davis/Scientific Aviation Mooney and NASA Alpha Jet Atmospheric eXperiment (AJAX) research aircraft. Our analysis shows excellent agreement between the lidar and in-situ measurements, lending confidence to the use of these data sets for more detailed analyses.
Technical note: an alternative water vapor sampling technique for
stable isotope analysis
Authors: Jiménez-Rodríguez César~Dionisio , Coenders-Gerrits Miriam , Bogaard Thom , Vatiero Erika , Savenije Hubert
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Recent developments in laser spectroscopy enabled to carry out direct measurements of δ2H and δ18O of air water vapor in the field. However, certain experimental sites or project budgets do not ease the deployment of this technology to obtain the needed measurements. We carried out three consecutive experiments aiming to provide an alternative method to sample air vapour in the field, and preventing fractionation during the process. The first experiment determined the minimum air sample volume required to obtain measurements of δ2H and δ18O with a laser spectrometer. The second one test evaluated the capacity to retrieve continuously similar isotopic signatures of the collected samples from one location. The third experiment assessed the applicability of this methodology under an experimental set up in a coniferous forest in The Netherlands. Stable isotope measurements of water vapor by laser spectroscopy can be obtained with a sample volume of 450 mL of air. This allows to measure each sample during a period of 300 s, obtaining isotope signatures with standard deviations lower than 0.1 ‰, and 0.5 ‰, for δ18O and δ2H, respectively. Air samples collected with bags were homogeneously mixed, allowing to retrieve a better temporal variation in the field than the cold traps employed.
Oxycline oscillations induced by internal waves in deep Lake Iseo
Authors: Valerio Giulia , Pilotti Marco , Lau Maximilian Peter , Hupfer Michael
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Lake Iseo is undergoing a dramatic de-oxygenation of the hypolimnion, representing an emblematic example among the deep lakes of the prealpine area that are, to a different extent, suffering from reduced deep water mixing. In the anoxic deep waters, the release and accumulation of reduced substances and phosphorus from the sediments is a major concern. Since the hydrodynamics of this lake was shown to be dominated by internal waves, in this study we investigate for the first time the role of these oscillatory motions on the vertical fluctuations of the oxycline, currently situated at a depth of around 95 m, where a permanent chemocline inhibits deep mixing by convection. Temperature and dissolved oxygen data measured at moored stations show large and periodic oscillations of the oxycline, with amplitude up to 20 m and periods ranging from 1 to 4 days. A deep dynamics characterized by larger amplitudes at lower frequencies is shown to be favoured by the excitation of second vertical modes in strongly thermally stratified periods and of first vertical modes in weakly thermally stratified periods, when the deep chemical gradient can support baroclinicity anyhow. These basin-scale internal waves cause in the water layer between 85 and 105 m depth a fluctuation of the oxygen concentration between 0 and 3 mg L−1 that, due to the bathymetry of the lake, changes the redox condition at the sediment surface. This forcing, involving about 3 % of the lake's sediment area, can have major implications for the biogeochemical processes at the sediment water interface and for the internal matter cycle.
Two Poems
Authors: Marchant Fred
Published: October 2018

"Walt Whitman's House" and "Fasces Americae"
Sundown
Authors: Carroll Peter Neil
Published: October 2018

A poem from Peter Neil Carroll
Nepantla: Making a Space for Discomfort in an Elementary School Classroom
Authors: Emerson Abby
Published: October 2018

This teaching note demonstrates the way in which abstract concepts can be integrated into the elementary school classroom; specifically the work of Gloria Anzaldua into a 5th grade socio-emotional curriculum. The note calls for educators to make space for complexity and feelings of "in the middle" for their students.
Selección de pruebas del lenguaje y análisis crítico de su aplicación en población infantil con discapacidad auditiva
Authors: Santiago-Pardo Rosa Belén , Rico-Paino María Isabel , Benito-Orejas José Ignacio , Sánchez-Rosso Ángel Luis , Herrero-Galiacho Ana , De Castro-Díez Lucía Isabel
Published: October 2018

El objetivo de este estudio ha consistido en seleccionar aquellas pruebas que mejor permitieran estudiar desde un punto de vista formal, el lenguaje del niño/a con hipoacusia. Aunque no hay un consenso general, consideramos que es fundamental analizar todos los aspectos del lenguaje, para tener un conocimiento más completo del desarrollo lingüístico, porque no es paralelo en todos sus ámbitos. Las pruebas escogidas han sido: el test PEABODY; el registro fonológico de Laura Bosch; EDAF; EMLE-TALE 2000; PLON-R y BLOC-SR. Esta evaluación se complementa con un cuestionario dirigido a quienes aplican los test y con la opinión de expertos logopedas en el terreno práctico. En términos generales todas las pruebas han resultado adecuadas en función de su finalidad. Las que mejor se corrigen son EDAF, PEABODY y BLOC-SR y la que peor, el registro fonológico de Laura Bosch. Para nosotros, el procedimiento de aplicación de PEABODY y PLON-R es ideal para niños con hipoacusia, presentando mayores dificultades el EDAF y BLOC-SR y siendo muy difíciles de aplicar, el registro fonológico de Laura Bosch y el EMLE. Consideramos que la selección realizada para evaluar el desarrollo del lenguaje en el niño/a con discapacidad auditiva es adecuada, siempre y cuando tengamos en cuenta la edad de desarrollo y las modificaciones específicas que debemos adoptar en esta población.
El proceso concursal extrajudicial previo en el Código de Quiebras de Estados Unidos (el 'Prepackaged Chapter Eleven' del U.S. Code)
Authors: Miguens Hector José
Published: October 2018

El presente trabajo estudia el Prepackaged Chapter Eleven (en adelante denominado PCE), proceso extrajudicial previo o alternativo al proceso del Chapter Eleven, el cual constituye una parte del sistema concursal de los Estados Unidos que abarca las soluciones preventivas de la quiebra en ese país, cuya finalidad es preservar y, virtualmente, salvar a la empresa de su desaparición económica y jurídica; este es conocido por el nombre de su respectivo capítulo, el Capítulo Once del Title Eleven del United States Bankruptcy Code, norma concursal federal que engloba numerosas materias en sus distintos capítulos. Los tópicos abordados en el trabajo son: el PCE en el contexto del derecho concursal estadounidense; las variables que justifican la elección entre el PCE y el tradicional proceso concursal del Chapter Eleven; las restantes vías extrajudiciales de reorganización empresarial; una descripción del PCE y su ámbito de aplicación; sus antecedentes históricos; la política legislativa de la reforma concursal de 1978; las posibilidades y ventajas de los procedimientos previos al Chapter Eleven; una comparación entre el proceso extrajudicial del PCE y el proceso judicial del Chapter Eleven; los casos en los que no es conveniente o pertinente el PCE; los tipos o variantes del PCE; técnicas para un PCE exitoso; los requisitos procesales para una solicitación de votos preconcursal; los riesgos que se corren en un PCE; algunos desarrollos recientes; los efectos de la reforma concursal de 2005, y la eficacia del PCE. En la parte conclusiva se realiza una valoración crítica de estas instituciones.
Conceptualisation of a Graduate Employability Framework from a Malaysian Perspective
Authors: Nesaratnam Seetha , Karan Shivaani Prabha , Von Foo Yi
Published: October 2018

Skills shortage among graduates is a serious constraint in Malaysia and according to Bank Negara Malaysia, graduate employability in Malaysia is a rising concern as graduates represent 23 per cent of total youth unemployment. As Malaysia aggressively sets course towards becoming a high-income economy, the need for skilled manpower is said to be expanding across key industries. To ensure a productive workforce, the country must have a high-quality flow of talent supply to fill these jobs. Hence, the study investigates the antecedents of graduate employability in Malaysia by researching a key stakeholder group, which is the employer.Using a qualitative research methodology, ten employers were interviewed using in-depth interviews to explore and enrich the graduate employability framework. The qualitative phase inducted the ‘graduate training’ construct and its sub-constructs of ‘internship’, ‘mentoring’ and ‘talent management’, as perceived by the employers, which were added as enrichment to the graduate employability framework. It also affirmed and authenticated the ‘soft skills’ construct drawn from literature. By incorporating the findings from the qualitative phase, an enriched framework eventuated. This enriched framework brings these previously omitted dimensions to the forefront.
Instructor Opinions on the Use of Turkish Folk Music of Syncopated Style in Cello Training
Authors: Topaloğlu Taner , Orhan Şebnem Yıldırım
Published: October 2018

The ability of the music teacher to provide a more qualified education in the professional life and to express himself musically is directly proportional to the quality of the previous instrument training. Studies revealed that the Turkish music products are not used sufficiently in the instrument training given by the institutions of music education and the inadequacy of the customized Turkish music products for use in education.

From this point of view, the aim of this study is to determine the usage status of works and studies of Turkish folk music of syncopated style arranged for cello training and the effects of theoretical knowledge, technical and musical readiness on performing works with syncopated method and to determine the effects of their level and to reveal the problems experienced by the students and to offer solutions for these problems in the direction of the opinions of the instructors who give cello training to music teacher education undergraduates.

The data were collected through a semi-structured interview form developed by the researcher. In the analysis of the collected data, descriptive analysis method was used from qualitative research methods.

When the data were analyzed, it can be concluded that Turkish folk music works and studies of syncopated style used in cello education are numerically inadequate, that the limited available resources are higher than the levels of the students, and that the students have a good theoretical knowledge level about the subject but the levels of readiness in terms of cello techniques in practice are insufficient to perform these tunes. The most important problems experienced by students in performing these melodies are level difficulty, sight-reading, left hand position shifts and use of bows.
Układ części ogólnej postępowania nieprocesowego
Authors: Harla Andrzej Grzegorz
Published: October 2018

The article presents the problems of the arrangement of the part of general non-contentious proceedings (art. 506–525 of the Code of Civil Procedure of 1964 ‒ abbreviation: „c.c.p.”). The scope of this issue includes three issues: the structure (internal division) of this part; the nature of the provisions of this part and their order. Previously, in the Code of Non-Contentious Procedure of 1945, the general part of this procedure had an internal division and contained only general provisions. De lege lata, in the Code of Civil Procedure of 1964, the general part of this procedure has no internal division and also contains provisions that are not general norms. These provisions should be transferred to the part of detailed non-contentious proceedings (art. 526 et seq. of the Code of Civil Procedure).
Aprendizagem e transferência de habilidades motoras no ensino de piano funcional em grupo
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo/Universidade Federal do Paraná, Costa Mirna Azevedo
Published: October 2018

Este trabalho visa comunicar a pesquisa em andamento no campo do ensino de piano, apontando os fatores que favorecem a aprendizagem e a transferência de habilidades motoras, especialmente em contexto de ensino coletivo, com o objetivo de potencializar o aprendizado de piano como instrumento complementar no ensino superior. A metodologia utilizada é a pesquisa-ação, tendo sido realizada em dois semestres da disciplina Piano Funcional na Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR). Atualmente em fase de análise de dados, a pesquisa procura levantar e discutir questões relativas à aprendizagem motora e à possível utilização de estratégias de ensino visando a aprendizagem e transferência de habilidades motoras ao piano. Neste artigo, são abordados os conceitos de habilidade motora e transferência de aprendizagem motora, bem como alguns aspectos da prática que podem favorecer a aprendizagem e transferência motora: estabelecimento de metas, foco de atenção, referência pré-prática, prática randômica e prática em bloco e aprendizagem colaborativa. Por fim, apresenta-se a situação atual da pesquisa e seu desenvolvimento.
A ansiedade de performance musical em duos instrumentais: seis entrevistas
Authors: Facchini Fiammetta Facchini Giuseppina , Harper Nancy Lee ,   University of Aveiro/New University of Lisbon
Published: October 2018

Com o objetivo de analisar a presença ou a ausência de Ansiedade de Performance Musical (APM) em duos instrumentais consolidados, seis entrevistas semiestruturadas com membros de três duos instrumentais de música de câmara de longa duração (violino e piano; violoncelo e piano; piano a 4 mãos) foram conduzidas. A análise mostrou que a APM é um pouco comum a todos os músicos, mas que a formação de duo foi considerada um lugar seguro ou de refúgio quando comparado ao lugar da performance solo. As causas da APM na performance em duo, para os entrevistados, foram relacionadas à família e ao ambiente em que foram criados. Além disso, a relutância em falar sobre APM entre os membros dos duos prevaleceu, e a falta de um sistema educacional para promover o conhecimento e auxiliar no desenvolvimento de estratégias de enfrentamento foi observada. Diferentes atitudes foram observadas através das diferenças de gerações dos duos, no que diz respeito à resolução do problema da APM. No entanto, todos concordaram que uma atitude psicossomática positiva e um estilo de vida saudável, juntamente com a aplicação das técnicas de respiração e concentração, são meios eficazes para combater os problemas da APM. Em relação às suas percepções de desempenho com o parceiro regular em um duo de longo prazo (“duo consolidado”), em oposição a um parceiro ocasional em um duo de curto prazo (“duo ocasional”), todos concordaram com a satisfação preferencial do duo de longo prazo, apreciando nele “outra percepção, outra poesia”.
Abordagem interdisciplinar entre Música e Neurociências: estratégias de fomento e inserção curricular no ensino superior
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Cuervo Luciane da Costa , Rosat Renata Menezes ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Published: October 2018

Este trabalho propõe uma discussão acerca dos estudos sobre a mente musical e reflete sobre suas implicações no contexto acadêmico de formação de músicos e professores no ensino superior. Ao problematizar a lacuna e os desafios na formação básica acadêmica no que diz respeito ao tema, apresenta um conjunto de estratégias adotadas no sentido de difundir conhecimentos neurocientíficos no contexto acadêmico de Graduação em Música. Busca, ainda, desconstruir mitos propagados no senso comum em relação ao cérebro e à musicalidade.
Antioxidant activity of Phaseolus L. species seeds with different coat colour
Authors: Bezuhla O. N. , Pozdniakov V. V. , Kobyzeva L. N. , Boguslavskiy R. L. , Antsyferova O. V.
Published: October 2018

The aim of the research was to screen the antioxidant activity of mature seeds of related bean species using the collection samples of the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine: Phaseolus vulgaris L., P. multiflorus Lam., P. lunatus L. and P. acutifolius A. Grey which have different colouration of their seed shell. The determination of antioxidant activity was carried out using the improved method of the stable radical DPPH•: methyl alcohol in the eluting solution was replaced by non-toxic ethyl alcohol. The results of the analysis are presented as the equivalent of a standard antioxidant (chlorogenic acid), expressed in mg of the standard per 1 g of a sample, taking into account dilutions according to the calibration schedule. As a result of the Phaseolus L. collection screening, it was found that the antioxidant activity of bean seeds depended on the colour of the seed coat. Regardless of the bean type, white seeds had the lowest indicator (equivalent to chlorogenic acid is 0.82–0.96 mg g–1 of seed). Painted seeds have different antioxidant activity. In P. vulgaris L., olive seeds have the highest index (4.21–5.07 mg g–1 of seeds), it is 2.36–3.60 mg g–1 in wine red seeds and 2.72–3.21 mg g–1 in pink ones. And the tendency of the influence of drawing colour and the area of a seed coat is noticed. In P. lunatus L., the antioxidant activity of white seeds with a motley wine-red pattern (2.27 mg g–1 of seeds) is more than twice as high as of white seeds without a pattern (0.94 mg g–1 of seeds). In P. multiflorus Lam., all the coloured seeds had a very high antioxidant activity regardless of the seed coat colour and its pattern (6.09–6.16 mg g–1 of seeds). In P. acutifolius A. Gray, the change in this parameter, depending on the seed coat colour, was small (1.27–1.62 mg g–1 of seeds). It was found that the antioxidant activity of beans depended on the environmental conditions: the stress of plants because drought leads to its increase.
Opportunities for the use of fireweed (Chamerion angustifolium L.): a review of researches
Authors: Lasinskas Marius , Jarienė Elvyra
Published: October 2018

The plant fireweed (Chamerion angustifolium L.) is widely used for the treatment of various disorders and illnesses in all the world (Vitalone et al., 2001; Vitalone et al., 2003a; Vitalone et al., 2003b). Experimental studies show that Chamerion angustifolium L. extracts have many pharmacological and treatment effects: antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anti-aging. Fireweed is rich in polyphenolic compounds. Oenothein B is the main polyphenol in fireweed (14–23%), while it has flavonoids less than 2%. Fireweed also has essential oils (mostly linoleinic acid, 1-docosene, hexadecanoic acid, linolenic acid) and acts as an antibacterial agent. Fireweed accumulates a lot of phenols and can be used as a natural antioxidative source. Oenothein B is the most contributing factor of the antioxidative fireweed effect. After studying of scientific works about fireweed, we can affirm that there are not enough comprehensive studies, which will answer very relevant questions: how active substances are distributed in the fireweed plant, how the quantity and quality of active substances depend on growing factors during changes of climate, raw material collection methods, etc. It is necessary to do more research works, associated with an analysis of fireweed cultivation conditions.
Pensar la ciudad global desde sus representaciones escolares: un estudio de caso entre Valencia (España) y Bogotá (Colombia)
Authors: García Monteagudo Diego , Torres Pérez Luis Guillermo
Published: October 2018

Las concepciones del espacio urbano del alumnado de Educación Secundaria de varios centros de Valencia y Bogotá nos aproximan a la representación escolar de la ciudad global. La relación entre las representaciones sociales y la geografía de la percepción y del comportamiento nos revela que el alumnado construye unas ideas sobre el espacio urbano inmediato en el seno de la comunidad social a la que pertenece. La movilidad, las relaciones sociales y el apego por el espacio urbano inmediato son aspectos disímiles en ambas ciudades, pero nos conducen a afirmar la necesidad de potenciar estrategias de enseñanza que incluyan el espacio vivido y la escala local para afrontar el aprendizaje de la ciudad global.
Neotropical diversification: historical overview and conceptual insights
Authors: Rull Valenti
Published: October 2018

Studying the causes of biological diversification and the main environmental drivers involved is useful not only for the progress of fundamental science but also to inform conservation practices. Unraveling the origin and maintenance of the comparatively high Neotropical biodiversity is important to understand the global latitudinal biodiversity gradients (LBGs), which is one of the more general and conspicuous biogeographical patterns on Earth. This chapter reviews the historical development of the study of Neotropical diversification, in order to highlight the influence of methodological progress and to identify the conceptual developments that have appeared through history. Four main steps are recognized and analyzed, namely the discovery of the LBGs by pioneer naturalists, the first biogeographic studies, the inception of paleoecology and the recent revolution of molecular phylogeography. This historical account ends with an update of the current state of the study of Neotropical diversification and the main conceptual handicaps that are believed to slow progress towards a general theory on this topic. Among these constraints, emphasis is placed on (i) the shifting from one paradigm to another, (ii) the extrapolation from particular case studies to the whole Neotropics, (iii) the selection of biased evidence to support either one or another hypothesis, (iv) the assumption that Pleistocene diversification equals to refuge diversification, and (v) the straightforward inference of diversification drivers from diversification timing. The main corollary is that the attainment of a general theory on Neotropical diversification is being delayed by conceptual, rather than methodological causes. Some solutions are proposed based on the Chamberlin’s multiple-working-hypotheses scheme and a conceptual research framework to address the problem from this perspective is suggested.
GABA, not BOLD, reveals dissociable learning-dependent plasticity mechanisms in the human brain
Authors: Frangou Polytimi , Correia Marta , Kourtzi Zoe
Published: October 2018

Experience and training have been shown to facilitate our ability to extract and discriminate meaningful patterns from cluttered environments. Yet, the human brain mechanisms that mediate our ability to learn by suppressing noisy and irrelevant signals remain largely unknown. To test the role of suppression in perceptual learning, we combine fMRI with MR Spectroscopy measurements of GABA, as fMRI alone does not allow us to discern inhibitory vs. excitatory mechanisms. Our results demonstrate that task-dependent GABAergic inhibition relates to functional brain plasticity and behavioral improvement. Specifically, GABAergic inhibition in the occipito-temporal cortex relates to dissociable learning mechanisms: decreased GABA for noise filtering, while increased GABA for feature template retuning. Perturbing cortical excitability during training with tDCs alters performance in a task-specific manner, providing evidence for a direct link between suppression and behavioral improvement. Our findings propose dissociable GABAergic mechanisms that optimize our ability to make perceptual decisions through training.
Using network science to analyze concept maps of psychology undergraduates
Authors: Siew Cynthia S.Q.
Published: October 2018

Network science is an emerging area of complexity science that uses mathematical techniques to study complex systems and could represent a new way of quantifying and investigating the internal structure of domain‐specific knowledge as approximated by students' concept maps. Students enrolled in introductory psychology constructed concept maps to represent their understanding of a psychology chapter. Concept networks were constructed based on the concept maps generated by students. Network analysis revealed that the structure of concept networks differed across students (i.e., some networks were better connected than others), and network structure significantly predicted quiz scores, such that concept networks with larger average shortest path lengths (a network metric representing the average of the shortest paths between two nodes in a network) were associated with higher quiz scores, after controlling for network size. This paper illustrates how network science techniques can be used to quantify the conceptual structure of a learner's knowledge.
A comparative study of motion recognition methods for efficacy assessment of upper limb function
Authors: He Jie , Chen Shaofa , Guo Zhexiao , Pirbhulal Sandeep , Wu Wanqing , Feng Jialing , Dan Guo
Published: October 2018

Physical disorders are considered to be the most severe disability in patients with hemiplegia after stroke. Currently, most studies have used motion feature extraction methods and machine learning–based methods to evaluate the functional degree of post stroke in hemiplegic patients. This research collected feature data from patients under diverse experimental conditions and then fed them into different machine learning classifiers. However, few studies have compared which classifiers and experimental condition could achieve more precise assessments in a specific condition. In this paper, we compared the accuracy of four different classifiers in a conservative motion recognition method. A motion sensor was used for monitoring the upper limb action, and four conservative machine learning classifiers, which map the features to Fugl‐Meyer scale, were chosen for comparison. Ten post‐stroke hemiplegic‐simulated subjects performed a group of predefined actions, and these motion data were used to generate a group of features reflecting the information of each predefined action. We input the features into four classifiers to generate corresponding classifiers. With the Support Vector Machine classifier, prediction accuracy at 97.79% was achieved in the experiment data, which outperformed previous reports. In conclusion, Support Vector Machines perform better than the other three classifiers in the assessment of the degree of post‐stroke hemiplegics. It is encouraging that results have been generated with the proposed assessment method in this exploratory study.
Adaptive prescribed performance decentralized control for stochastic nonlinear large‐scale systems
Authors: Shao Xinfeng , Tong Shaocheng
Published: October 2018

This paper investigates the adaptive fuzzy prescribed performance output‐feedback decentralized control problem for a class of stochastic interconnected nonlinear large‐scale systems. The fuzzy logic systems are used to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions, and a state observer is designed to estimate the unmeasured states. By combining the backstepping recursive design principle with prescribed performance theory, an adaptive fuzzy decentralized control method is presented. In order to overcome the problem of “explosion of complexity” in the adaptive backstepping control design, the first‐order filter signals are introduced into adaptive fuzzy decentralized control design algorithm and form a new simplized. The stability is proven based on the Lyapunov stability theory, which demonstrated that all the signals of the closed‐loop system are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded in probability and the tracking errors remain a small neighborhood of the origin within the prescribed performance bounds. Finally, a simulation example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.