bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Harmonização de regulamentos e normas técnicas no Mercosul
Authors: Tironi Luís Fernando
Published: May 2021

Com trinta anos de vida, o Mercosul acumulou informações e experiências que devem ser aproveitadas para orientar seu desenvolvimento nas décadas vindouras. Se os resultados podem não ter atendido às mais otimistas expectativas, o Mercosul continuou existindo e mantendo fidelidade aos seus objetivos fundadores: criação de uma área de livre comércio e união aduaneira sub-regional na América do Sul. A experiência acumulada na harmonização de regulamentos e normas técnicas, condição para superar as barreiras técnicas ao comércio e viabilizar a integração produtiva, é bastante grande. Os resultados obtidos em termos de competitividade e comércio poderiam ter sido melhores, mas os desafios foram grandes. A instabilidade macroeconômica, assim como o histórico de infraestruturas pouco convergentes, e as diferenças estruturais entre os parceiros no acordo foram os principais obstáculos. Essencial para a constância de atitudes e ações que se verificou nas três décadas do Mercosul, no tema dos regulamentos e normas técnicas, é a similaridade na colaboração entre o governo e o setor privado nos países integrantes do bloco.
Reseña: Litio en Sudamérica : geopolítica, energía y territorios
Authors: Hernández Pino Beatriz
Published: May 2021

"Litio en Sudamérica" (Fornillo et al., 2019) es una obra fundamental para comprender la complejidad de la cuestión del litio en América Latina y en el mundo, especialmente en los tres países que albergan la mayor parte de las reservas del planeta, el "Triángulo del Litio": Argentina, Bolivia y Chile. Los autores destacan que el litio permite reflexionar sobre las cuestiones fundamentales subyacentes a la transición civilizacional: la crisis socioecológica derivada del cambio climático, el Antropoceno y las transformaciones económicas del capitalismo verde. Es al mismo tiempo una oportunidad para abrir nuevos caminos y un riesgo de perpetuar las desigualdades sociales existentes. La investigación navega entre lo global y lo local, explorando las cadenas de valor del litio, las intersecciones de la ciencia, la industria y la política, las consecuencias socioterritoriales y las posibilidades de integración regional para influir en el mercado global. Se concluye la necesidad de una acción política articulada con la ciencia pública para construir caminos hacia escenarios post-extractivistas, enfatizando la importancia de una geopolítica crítica del cambio climático y destacando el papel central del litio en este contexto.
Aspectos da governança digital da Administração Pública Federal do Brasil sob a luz das orientações da OCDE
Authors: Santos Matheus Henrique de Souza
Published: May 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a governança digital da administração pública federal do Brasil, sob a luz do alinhamento global ao tema. São objetos de estudo as formulações da Organização para a Cooperação e o Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE), a Estratégia de Governança Digital (EGD) brasileira, o Planejamento Estratégico de Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação (PETIC) 2016-2019 e o Plano Diretor de Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação (PDTIC) 2017-2019, estes dois últimos elaborados pelo então Ministério do Planejamento, Desenvolvimento e Gestão. Conclui-se que as ações, iniciativas e políticas analisadas, bem como as formulações técnicas/teóricas, comprovam que o governo federal brasileiro está estreitamente alinhado às orientações e diretrizes da OCDE sobre governança digital.
O Brasil frente ao “modelo de sustentabilidade” da OCDE
Authors: Thorstensen Vera , Mota Catherine Rebouças
Published: May 2021

Quando da abertura do processo de acessão do Brasil na Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE), o país deve enfrentar a avaliação da Organização em suas políticas de sustentabilidade. A OCDE possui longa experiência na formulação de instrumentos legais, indicadores, guidelines e outlooks que orientam membros sobre as políticas a serem seguidas. As análises que serão efetuadas no momento da acessão vão demonstrar quão distante o país está dos parâmetros estabelecidos. Analisa-se, neste artigo, o modelo de sustentabilidade da OCDE diante do qual o Brasil será confrontado.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN RESISTING ECOLOGICAL THREATS
Authors: CHEHABEDDINE Mohammed R. , TVARONAVIČIENĖ Manuela
Published: May 2021

Purpose – this paper aims to ground an extended model of sustainable regional development, which would
serve as an instrument to estimate and, ultimately, minimize the harmful impact of ecological threats on sustainable
economic development.
Research methodology – Ecological Carrying Capacity (ECC) concept needs to be applied; chosen “COVID19” is as a
valid sample of ecological pressure on regions to study its harmful impact on one of the ecological resource “GDP” for
the vital group G20 countries that control 75% of the world’s GDP. Secondary data were collected from the Passport
database’s Macro model for evaluations and predictions.
Findings – GDP drop due to COVID19 in developed countries is higher than the developing countries of the G20 group,
indicating the need to utilize the global sustainability EGB model instead of the SLB model.
Research limitations – considering one macro model indicator (GDP), which could be enhanced by including other
indicators.
Practical implications – the obtained results promote a consistent reaction pattern of GDP growth with ecological threats
in differently developed countries to devise economic policies on how to mitigate these threats’ globally.
Originality/Value – previous studies mainly focused on identifying ecological threats, whereas our study studied how
to measure these threats’ harmful impact on countries’ economies.
CIRCULAR SUPPLY CHAIN: LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Authors: RADAVIČIUS Tadas , TVARONAVIČIENĖ Manuela
Published: May 2021

Purpose – to review literature about circular supply chain (CSC) theories, methods, frameworks, and appli-cations in industries. For organizations to incorporate circular economy (CE) principles in their supply chain frame-work are required to address the main circular processes. Previous attempts of frameworks aim at the comprehensive approaches or too theoretical for organizations to use them. The objective is to propose a theoretical framework that allows organizations to prioritize main circular processes in order to start improving or introducing new circular pro-cesses in the supply chain.

Research methodology – the methodology of the article consists of a literature review and information synthesis for the formulation of the theoretical framework. Web of Science database was used for literature review with the key words of “circular economy supply chain”.

Findings – formulated theoretical CSC framework contributes to the CSC research field with a more organization-ori-entated approach.

Research limitations – the proposed framework is limited through only theoretical propositions and is more limited in its scope compared to other researchers.

Practical implications – organizations in the supply chain such as manufacturers can understand through a framework main processes required for CSC.

Originality/Value – compared to other researchers this work emphasizes and proposes CSC development from an organizational perspective rather than from a holistic approach.
Long-term Coherent Timing of the Accreting Millisecond Pulsar IGR J17062–6143
Authors: Bult Peter , Strohmayer Tod E. , Malacaria Christian , Ng Mason , Wadiasingh Zorawar
Published: May 2021

We report on a coherent timing analysis of the 163 Hz accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar IGR J17062–6143. Using data collected with the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer and XMM-Newton, we investigated the pulsar evolution over a time span of four years. We obtained a unique phase-coherent timing solution for the stellar spin, finding the source to be spinning up at a rate of (3.77 ± 0.09) × 10−15 Hz s−1. We further find that the 0.4–6 keV pulse fraction varies gradually between 0.5% and 2.5% following a sinusoidal oscillation with a 1210 ± 40 day period. Finally, we supplemented this analysis with an archival Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer observation and obtained a phase-coherent model for the binary orbit spanning 12 yr, yielding an orbital period-derivative measurement of (8.4 ± 2.0) × 10−12 s s−1. This large orbital period derivative is inconsistent with a binary evolution that is dominated by gravitational wave emission and is suggestive of highly nonconservative mass transfer in the binary system.
Aspects of the life history and ecology of two wingless grasshoppers, Eremidium armstrongi and Eremidium browni (Lentulidae), at the Doreen Clark Nature Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Brijlal Reshmee , Rajak Akeel , Armstrong Adrian J.
Published: May 2021

Most grasshopper species have simple and similar life cycles and histories; however, different environmental and ecological factors have different effects on their distribution, sexes, and developmental stages, with effects varying among species. If we are to conserve grasshoppers, we need to understand their ecology and life histories. The aim of this study was to investigate aspects of the life histories and ecology of two recently described co-occurring, congeneric species of wingless grasshoppers, Eremidium armstrongi (Brown, 2012) and Eremidium browni Otte & Armstrong, 2017, at the Doreen Clark Nature Reserve near Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. These two species have limited extents of occurrence, only being known from an endangered forest type in parts of the midland area of KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa, and therefore may need conservation action to ensure their long-term survival. No significant differences in the abundances of the two Eremidium grasshoppers were found, but their phenologies differed, with the adults of E. armstrongi being present before the adults of E. browni, with some overlap in presence over time. The Eremidium grasshoppers were only found in the forest and were more abundant in the forest margin. The Eremidium grasshoppers fed on soft plants from several families. Information on dietary differences between the species is required to determine whether there is potential competition between them. An adult E. browni female kept in an ex situ terrarium laid eggs in the soil, and nymphs took approximately two months to hatch.
Role of the EMA specific marketing authorization procedures for early access on the time to patient access in Bulgaria
Authors: Tsekov Ivo , Dimitrova Maria , Voynikov Yulian
Published: May 2021

Despite the early access procedures for marketing authorization (MA) valid throughout the European Union still in the most of the Member states patient access to innovative medicines depends on cost-effectiveness, budget impact assessment and negotiations for price discount with the public payers.

Retrospective analysis on the availability and time to market access of medicines authorized under the European medicines agency’s specific procedures for early access shows that despite the shortening of the time to market access after 2013, for most medicines still exceeds 365 days. This is due to the fact that requirements for pricing and reimbursement across EU is fixed to some degree and medicines with MA for early access are subject to the same legal requirements as the medicines with standard centralized marketing authorization. Some specific national legal requirements for pricing and reimbursement decisions, population of interest and manufactures intentions to enter certain markets should also be considered.
Chayamaritia vietnamensis (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Son La Province, northern Vietnam
Authors: Xin Zi-Bing , Fu Long-Fei , Maciejewski Stephen , Huang Zhang-Jie , Do Truong Van , Wen Fang
Published: May 2021

Chayamaritia vietnamensis, a new species from Son La Province, northern Vietnam, is described and illustrated. The phylogenetic study revealed that the new species is most closely related to C. banksiae and C. smitinandii. The morphological comparison suggests it as the third new species of Chayamaritia and distinguished from C. banksiae and C. smitinandii by a combination of morphological characters of leaf blades, bracts, calyx and corolla, especially its peltate leaf blades. This species is provisionally assessed as endangered (EN B1ab(iii), B2ab(iii)) using IUCN Categories and Criteria. Information on ecology, phenology and an identification key for the known Chayamaritia species are also provided.
The vegetation of a relict salt marsh area in the Pisan coast in the context of brackish wetlands of Tuscany
Authors: Bertacchi Andrea , Lombardi Tiziana , Saggese Angela , Lazzeri Valerio
Published: May 2021

The paper presents the results of phytosociological surveys carried out in Galanchio-Cornacchiaia, a salt marsh area on the Pisan coast (northern Tuscany), which survived the agricultural reclamation. The vegetation surveys confirm the brackish features of the site, while highlighting three substantially different subareas in terms of prevailing vegetation. The phytosociological study allowed the identification of 11 marsh phytocoenoses attributable to 12 associations (Crypsidetum aculeatae; Parapholidetum filiformis; Suaedo maritimae-Salicornietum patulae; Suaedetum maritimae; Puccinellio festuciformis-Halimionetum portulacoidis; Puccinellio festuciformis-Sarcocornietum perennis; Elytrigio elongatae-Inuletum crithmoidis; Limonio narbonensis-Juncetum gerardi; Puccinellio festuciformis-Aeluropetum litoralis, Junco maritimi-Spartinetum junceae; Juncetum maritimi-acuti; Phragmitetum australis). These plant communities are referable to 3 brackish habitats and related subtypes, reported in 92/43 ECC Directive habitats. This biotope, although part of the neighboring area of the Regional Park of Migliarino San Rossore Massaciuccoli, is currently in an extremely precarious balance and threatened by the surrounding agricultural activities. The knowledge of its naturalistic peculiarities and remarkable biodiversity, can contribute to its increased protection and conservation. This study add new data to the knowledge of the brackish vegetation of Tuscany.
Hegel. L’histoire du monde et la conquête des mers
Authors: Vuillerod Jean-Baptiste
Published: May 2021

L’article se propose de confronter les propos du jeune Hegel sur l’élément marin aux propos de la maturité tenus dans les leçons sur la Philosophie de l’histoire . Il montre que là où les écrits de jeunesse insistaient sur l’événement biblique du déluge et voyaient dans la mer un élément hostile, l’œuvre hégélienne ultérieure fait de la conquête des mers un moment fondateur de l’histoire du monde et du mouvement de l’esprit des peuples vers la liberté. Loin de se réduire au motif d’une maîtrise et d’une domination de la nature, cette conquête des mers est à comprendre comme une nouvelle alliance formée par les sociétés humaines et leur environnement naturel.
Luther, Calvin et le glaive temporel
Authors: Dermange François
Published: May 2021

Coupant court à l’« augustinisme politique » qui prévalait au Moyen Âge, la Réforme a opéré une relecture de la Cité de Dieu . Dissociant les « deux règnes », elle a contribué à la fois à la séparation des deux glaives et à une nouvelle articulation. La Réforme met cependant au jour un débat sur le fondement de l’État et elle reste ambiguë sur la cohérence du discours de ceux qui détiennent le pouvoir. Les termes posés par ce débat ont une portée non seulement historique, mais aussi toujours actuelle, pour penser l’éthique politique dans ses rapports au religieux.
Militares al servicio de los Borbones: los gobernadores de la Ciudadela de Barcelona durante el siglo XVIII
Authors: Cerro Nargánez Rafael
Published: May 2021

La figura de los gobernadores de la Ciudadela de Barcelona ha quedado asociada, muchas veces, al carismático ingeniero flamenco Jorge Próspero de Verboom: el constructor de la fortaleza por orden de Felipe V. Su indiscutible personalidad ha ensombrecido, en muchos aspectos, a la del resto de gobernadores que rigieron esta impresionante mole de piedra. Sin embargo, resulta justo recordar que, entre 1718 y 1808, fueron diez los gobernadores que tuvo la Ciudadela barcelonesa. Sorprende que sobre ellos apenas sepamos nada, pero la verdad es que no todos fueron militares nacidos en España. Incluso entre este colectivo, cierto número de ellos nació en la América colonial. El origen flamenco fue reducido, pero su peso cualitativo fue superior al hispano. De hecho, hasta 1765 no encontraremos al primer gobernador español. No obstante, todos ellos eran súbditos del rey de España, excepto uno que fue francés. La graduación militar delata su pertenencia a la élite de la oficialidad general del Ejército. La mayoría esgrimieron una impresionante hoja de servicios al rey en los campos de batalla de la centuria. Aun así, la pertenencia a las tropas de la Casa del Rey, es decir, de los capitanes de los regimientos de las Reales Guardias de Infantería Españolas y Valonas, resultó fundamental como requisito de acceso a este cargo.
Diplomacia, turismo e identidad nacional: La celebración del 12 de octubre en España durante la Guerra Fría
Authors: García Sebastiani Marcela
Published: May 2021

Las conmemoraciones y celebraciones patrióticas han sido atendidas en recientes estudios sobre el nacionalismo y las identidades territoriales. El 12 de octubre es día de fiesta nacional de los españoles desde 1987. Fue día de la raza desde 1918 y día de la hispanidad desde 1958. Perdurable y adaptada al cambio político, discrepancias regionales y coyunturas internacionales durante el siglo XX, la celebración hace referencia al pasado imperial para la identificación de los españoles, entre ellos y con el mundo. Este trabajo estudia cómo el turismo, en plena expansión durante el franquismo desarrollista, se incorporó a la puesta en escena y moldeó la dimensión internacional de la celebración itinerante por la geografía española, difundiendo paisajes, territorios y significados de la fecha para identidades nacionales, regionales y transnacionales. El análisis se centra en el despliegue de actores públicos y asociaciones civiles en las fiestas de 1957 y 1963 para demostrar cómo el símbolo fue un instrumento de diplomacia cultural y expresión de una idea de España en el mundo durante la Guerra Fría.
An Integrated Heuristic Approach for the Long-Distance Heterogeneous Vehicle Routing Problem
Authors: Sevkli Mehmet , Karaman Abdullah S. , Unal Yusuf Ziya , Kotun Muheeb Babajide
Published: May 2021

In this chapter, a single depot, long-distance heterogeneous vehicle routing problem is studied with fixed costs and vehicle-dependent routing costs (LD-HVRPFD). The LD-HVRPFD considers retailers far away from the single depot and hence route durations could exceed a day. Thus, the number of available vehicles changes through the course of the multi-day planning horizon. Moreover, it is typical to encounter time-variant demand from retailers. To solve the LD-HVRPFD, the authors developed an iterative heuristic solution methodology integrated into a programming platform. The solution method consists of decomposing the VRP into sequential daily problems, model building using macro programming, obtaining a solution using a solver, determining the route-vehicle pairs and time durations, and dynamically updating the truck availability for the next day. The method is illustrated using real data from one of the biggest retail companies in the ready-to-wear sector of textile supply chains. The performance of the heuristic optimization procedure based on time and gap restriction criteria is presented.
Machine Learning for Winter Crop Mapping Using High Spatiotemporal Time Series Satellite Imagery
Authors: Mimouni Mustapha , Zoungrana Louis Evence , Ben Khatra Nabil , Faiz Sami
Published: May 2021

Reliable information on crops is required to improve agriculture management and face food security challenges. The work aims at experimenting different machine learning algorithms to identify major crops using time-series Sentinel-2 data covering the region of Jendouba, Tunisia. This chapter describes the workflow for automatic extraction of “semantic information” using a supervised classification approach, applied on a region characterized by a persistent cloud cover during the winter growing season. The results indicated that SVM outperforms the other classifiers, and the best accuracy was achieved using SVM on MSI spline temporal gap-filled with an overall accuracy of 0.89 and kappa 0.86, and that most of the classifiers are robust to noise caused by clouds coverage and handle the high dimensionality of input time-series except Bayes classifier. MSI time-series provides a slightly better results than NDVI time-series, and it appears relevant to consider spline temporal interpolation instead of linear temporal interpolation because of the continuous cloud coverage.
Problems with evaluating readings of pulse oximeters used at home during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Cysewska-Sobusiak Anna Romana
Published: May 2021

The author presents the problems related to pulse oximetry, taking into account both the current state-of-the-art as well as her own long-standing experience in this field. The COVID-19 pandemic continues and has raised interest in home application of pulse oximeters due to their potential benefit, which may be warning of a drop in blood oxygenation due to lower respiratory capacity. However, it should be emphasized that these devices have limitations, both of a physiological and technical nature, and some problems related to the reliability and scope of the measurements still remain unresolved. Phenomena which limit processing reliability of the quantity to be sensed, i.e., the oxygen saturation SaO2%, are presented. Specific groups of affecting factors are distinguished in an approach of their contribution to the measurement uncertainty components. Full Text: PDF ReferencesJ.W. Severinghaus, "Crediting six discoverers of oxygen", Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 812 (2014). CrossRef F.A. Duck, "Physical properties of tissue: a comprehensive reference book" (San Diego, Academia Press 1990). CrossRef J.G. Webster, "Design of pulse oximeters" (Bristol, IOP Publishing Ltd 1997). CrossRef A.A. Alian and K.H Shelley, "Photoplethysmography", Anesthesiology 28, 4 (2014). CrossRef N. Moukaddam and A. Shah, "Psychiatrists beware! The impact of COVID-19 and pandemics on mental health", Psychiatric Times 37, 3 (2020). CrossRef S.S. Morse, Proc Nat. Acad Sci 104, 18 (2007). CrossRef W.A. Schrading, B. McCafferty, J. Grove, and D.B. Page, "Portable, consumer‐grade pulse oximeters are accurate for home and medical use: Implications for use in the COVID‐19 pandemic and other resource‐limited environments", JACP Open, 1 (2020). CrossRef K.E.J. Philip, B. Bennet, S. Fuller, et al., "Working accuracy of pulse oximetry in COVID-19 patients stepping down from intensive care: a clinical evaluation ", BMJ Open Resp. Res. 7 (2020). CrossRef S. Seifi, A. Khatony, G. Moradi, A. Abdi, and F. Najafi, "Accuracy of pulse oximetry in detection of oxygen saturation in patients admitted to the intensive care unit of heart surgery: comparison of finger, toe, forehead and earlobe probes", BMC Nursing 17, 15 (2018). CrossRef A. Cysewska-Sobusiak, "A modern approach to the determination of expanded uncertainty in noninvasive blood oximetry", Measurement 25 (1999). CrossRef A. Cysewska-Sobusiak, "The importance of the combined teaching and research work in the education of biomedical engineering", Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering 22, 4 (2002). CrossRef A. Cysewska-Sobusiak, "Noninvasive optoelectronic monitoring of the living tissues vitality", 3rd Int. Workshop on Robot Motion and Control, Nov. 2002 (2002). CrossRef A. Cysewska-Sobusiak, "Examples of acquisition and application of biooptical signals", Phot. Lett. Poland 11, 2 (2019). CrossRef
The efficacy and safety of intraoperative acute normovolaemic haemodilution in complex spine surgery in a private surgical facility in Ghana
Authors: Wulff Irene , O. Duah Henry , Oteng-Yeboah Audrey , O. Tutu Henry , P. Yankey Kwadwo , S. Essel Aba , Akoto Harry , Boachie-Adjei Oheneba , FOCOS Spine Research Group
Published: May 2021

Objectives: To assess the safety and clinical benefits of intraoperative acute normovolaemic haemodilution (ANH) incomplex spine surgery. Design: Prospective comparative cohort studySetting: A private orthopaedic hospital in GhanaPatients: Seventy-six patients who underwent complex spine deformity surgeryInterventions: Patients were randomly assigned to two groups. 45 patients to the acute normovolaemic haemodilution(ANH) or Group 1 and 31patients to the non-ANH or Group 2. Following anesthetic administration and before incision, autologous blood was collected from patients in Group1 and was reinfused during/shortly after surgery while patients in Group2 were transfused with compatible allogeneic blood intraoperatively.Main Outcome Measures: Changes in haemodynamic parameters and incidence of allogeneic transfusions and related complications.Results: The mean age (years), gender ratio, deformity size and aetiology, fusion levels, and operative times were similar in both groups. Blood loss (ml) of patients in groups 1 and 2 were 1583ml± 830.48 vs 1623ml ± 681.34, p=0.82, respectively. The rate of allogeneic blood transfusion in groups 1 and 2 were 71% vs 80.65%, p=0.88, respectively. Haemoglobin levels (g/dL) in groups 1 and 2 were comparable in both groups at Post-operative Day (POD) 0 and POD 1. Incidence of minor allogeneic transfusion reaction was 1/45 vs 1/31, p=0.80, group-1 and group-2, respectively.Conclusion: Acute normovolaemic haemodilution can be safely performed in complex spine surgery in underserved regions. However, its use does not obviate allogeneic transfusion in patients with complex spine deformities in whom large volumes of blood loss is expected.
Flexible bronchoscopy in a tertiary healthcare facility: a review of indications and outcomes
Authors: S Afriyie-Mensah Jane , Kwarteng Ernest , Tetteh John , Sereboe Lawrence , Forson Audrey
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Flexible Fibreoptic bronchoscopy (FFB) is a major diagnostic and therapeutic tool employed largely in respiratory medicine but its use in our country has been quite limited. We performed a retrospective review of the indications, overall diagnostic yield and safety of FFB at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH).Study Design: Retrospective studyStudy Setting: Cardiothoracic Unit, Korle-Bu Teaching HospitalStudy Participants: All bronchoscopy records from January 2017 - December 2018Interventions: Eight-five bronchoscopy reports generated over a 2-year period were reviewed. Using a data extraction form, patient’s demographic details, indications for FFB, sedation given, specimen obtained and results of investigation, and complications encountered were recorded and entered into SPSS version 22. Descriptive analysiswas performed and presented as means and percentages.Results: Suspected lung cancer was the predominant indication for bronchoscopy requests (55.3%). Diagnostic yield of endobronchial biopsy was 86.7% increased to 93.3% when biopsy was combined with bronchial washing cytology. Bronchial washing geneXpert was positive in 20.8% of sputum negative cases, and 20.7% of patients with unresolved pneumonia and bronchiectasis had a positive microbial yield. Overall mild complications occurred in 5.9% of patients with no mortality.Conclusion: Flexible bronchoscopy has a significantly high diagnostic yield, particularly in evaluating lung cancers and undiagnosed lung infections with minimal associated complications, hence increasing its availability in the country and widening the diagnostic scope at the cardiothoracic unit of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital.
Effect of Ambient Reynolds Number on Small Wind Turbine Subjected to Low Wind Speed Conditions
Authors: Mbwiga Joel , Z Kimambo Cuthbert , Kihedu Joseph
Published: May 2021

Wind flow over the airfoil surface is adversely affected by the differences between the design and ambient values of a dimensionless quantity called Reynolds number. Wind turbine designed for high Reynolds Number shows lower maximum power performance when installed in low-speed wind regime. Tanzanian experience shows that some imported modern wind turbines depict lower power performance compared to the drag-type locally manufactured wind turbines. The most probable reason is the difference between design and local ambient Reynolds numbers. The turbine design parameters have their properties restricted to the range of Reynolds numbers for which the turbine was designed for. When a wind turbine designed for a certain range of Reynolds numbers is made to operate in the Reynolds number out of that range, it behaves differently from the embodied design specifications. The small wind turbine of higher Reynolds number will suffer low lift forces with probably occasional stalls.
Toplumsal Aidiyet Kapsamında Benimsenmiş ve Kimlik Temsili Sorumluluğunu Üstlenmiş Görsel Göstergeler
Authors: ÇETİN Nagihan
Published: May 2021

Doğduğu andan itibaren ait olma içgüdüsünden hareketle başta annesine ait olmak ve annesini sahiplenmek isteyen birey, yaşamı boyunca bu ait olma ve sahiplenme hissiyle hareket etmekte; bireysel ölçüde başlayan bu hisler zamanla toplumsallaşmakta ve toplumlar hem kendilerini ait hissetmek hem de kendilerine ait olanı hissettirmek amacıyla görsel göstergeler kullanmaktadırlar. Bilgi ve iletileri dil kullanmadan aktararak, gösterileni temsil eden görsel araçlar olarak tanımlanabilen görsel göstergeler, kimlik temsillerinde önemli işlevler yüklenmektedirler. Bu çalışmanın kapsamı, görsel göstergeler olarak niteleyebileceğimiz Türk halk resmi örneklerinin aidiyet ve kimlik bağlamında yer kimliği oluşumunda yüklenmiş oldukları sorumlulukların cemevleri merkezli olarak Karacaahmet Cemevi örneğinden hareketle incelenip değerlendirilmesidir. Çalışma neticesinde elde edilen bilgiler Türk halk resminin, görsel göstergeler olarak işlevlerinin var olduğunun ve devam ettiğinin somut bir göstergesi şeklinde yorumlanmıştır. Çalışma resim analizine dayanmaktadır. Resimlerin sadece bir tablo olarak süsleme işlevini yerine getirmekle kalmayıp menkıbeden dünya görüşüne, düşünce yapısından inanışlara varıncaya kadar birçok konuya ilişkin atıflar, hatırlatmalar, göndermeler taşıdıkları görülmüştür.
IMPLEMENTASI PERATURAN MENTERI DALAM NEGERI NOMOR 2 TAHUN 2016 TENTANG KARTU IDENTITAS ANAK
Authors: Sulastini
Published: May 2021

The government issued Law Number 23 of 2006 concerning Population Administration. One of the government's efforts to provide and protect children's rights to identity is manifested in the issuance of the Child Identity Card (CIC) program which took effect since early 2016. CIC is regulated in the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 2 of 2016 concerning Child Identity Cards. The research objective was to determine the implementation of the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 2 of 2016 regarding CIC in East Lombok Regency and to find out the legal aspects in the implementation of CIC issuance in East Lombok Regency. This research is a type of empirical juridical research, in this study the approach used in solving the problem is to use the empirical juridical approach method. The juridical approach that is meant is that law is seen as a norm or das sollen, because in discussing the problems in this study using legal materials (both written law and unwritten law or both primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. by looking at law as a social, cultural or das sein reality because in this study the data used are primary data obtained directly from the research location. In this study the type of data collected is divided into two types of data, namely primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques obtained directly from data sources at the research location or field (field research) were obtained through interviews and observations.
PEMBANGUNAN KESADARAN HUKUM MASYARAKAT MELALUI DESA SADAR HUKUM DI KABUPATEN LEMBOK TIMUR
Authors: Mulyani Basri , MAKSUM HAIRUL , Johan
Published: May 2021

Legal counseling in the form of a Legal Awareness Village departs from the awareness of members of the community and local village government who on their own will strive to increase awareness and legal knowledge for themselves and village government officials. The purpose of developing a law-aware village is the realization of community legal awareness. Legal awareness is the output of the process of counseling and coaching activities that reach an ideal optimization level marked by a sense of respect for the law. The method used in this activity is in the form of a focused discussion that begins with counseling / lectures then continues with direct questions and answers. The extension participants were members of the community, especially women and local community leaders. By understanding the law, it is hoped that the community's legal awareness will increase to respect the law. The issue of marriage under the age of 19 was the most questionable discussion in the three locations of legal counseling, namely Padak Guar village, Gereneng village and Masbagik Utara Baru village, East Lombok district and other legal issues related to the conditions of each village.
Fake covid news
Authors: Palacios Alberto
Published: May 2021

Una vacuna llega por la frontera, un cargamento de hidroxicloroquina barata está siendo distribuido, el dióxido de cloro se difunde por redes sociales y la ivermectina es el desayuno favorito. Así transcurren los días entre Internet, pandemia y noticias.
Carcinoma de Células de Merkel en Paciente con Esclerosis Múltiple en Tratamiento con Fingolimod
Authors: Lambea-Gil Alvaro , Sebastián-Torres Berta , Trigo-Cebrián Miguel Angel , Martín-Martínez Jesús , Ara-Callizo José Ramón
Published: May 2021

El fingolimod es un tratamiento modificador de la enfermedad ampliamente utilizado en Esclerosis Múltiple Remitente- Recurrente. El fármaco bloquea la salida de los linfocitos de los ganglios linfáticos, con la consiguiente linfopenia secundaria. Esto aumenta el riesgo de infecciones y de tumores cutáneos no melanocíticos. Presentamos el caso de un paciente en tratamiento con fingolimod que sufrió posteriormente de carcinoma de células de Merkel. Realizamos una revisión de la literatura para ayudar a entender esta relación entre inmunosupresión, infecciones oportunistas y cáncer. Palabras clave: Cáncer, Carcinoma de células de Merkel, Efectos adversos, esclerosis múltiple, Fingolimod, Inmunosupresión
Cómo Reconocer el Meningioma Intraóseo: Etiología y Hallazgos por Imagen
Authors: Torrecillas-Cabrera María del Mar , Moya-Sánchez Elena , García-Espinosa Jade
Published: May 2021

Los meningiomas son los tumores cerebrales primarios más comunes, si bien el meningioma intraóseo primario constituye un subtipo de meningioma extradural infrecuente. Normalmente son asintomáticos pero pueden causar proptosis o síntomas neurológicos en función del tamaño y de la localización. El hallazgo más común en pruebas de imagen es la hiperostosis aun- que también se puede observar un patrón lítico o incluso mixto, por lo que debe ser considerado en el diagnóstico diferencial de tumores óseos escleróticos craneales. Aunque la mayoría son benignos, son más propensos a desarrollar malignidad que losmeningiomas intradurales. Las técnicas de imagen (TC y RM) son muy útiles en el diagnóstico preoperatorio y valoración de estructuras anatómicas adyacentes. La resección quirúrgica seguida de reconstrucción craneal es el tratamiento de elección. Palabras clave: cráneo, extradural, intraóseo, meningioma, osteolítico, tumor óseo
Remuneration Guidelines for Strength and Conditioning Coaches within Universities in the United Kingdom: International Universities Strength and Conditioning Association (IUSCA) Position Statement
Authors: Langford Andrew , Bird Stephen , Flannagan Aden
Published: May 2021

The remuneration of strength and conditioning (S&C) coaches corresponding to the professional services provided across the high school, collegiate and professional sector, has received increased attention in recent times. This appears to be a highly contentious topic regarding the governance of industry awards (National minimum wage) and remuneration. While professional bodies have no legal power to enforce remuneration guidelines, they do provide key recommendations for consideration when entering an employment relationship.

In relation to the remuneration of S&C coaches within UK Universities, the International Universities Strength and Conditioning Association (IUSCA) has recently carried out extensive research across UK Universities and found that there is inconsistent grading regarding the role of a S&C coach. In the professional sporting environment, the IUSCA understands that laws of basic economics and supply-and-demand will influence wages, and the value of an S&C coach may therefore be impacted. However, while the IUSCA values free market economies and appreciates that competition will often dictate value, circumstances within UK Universities are different, and warrant fair grading and remuneration. Therefore, the IUSCA has produced this Position Statement to assist Human Resources (HR) departments in developing Job Descriptions, Role Profiles, and associated remuneration packages appropriate to the provision of S&C support within university settings.

The IUSCA recommends that these gradings should be incorporated by universities in the UK to ensure a fair and transparent valuation of the work of an S&C coach/practitioner. This should help to standardise the provision within universities and gives the appropriate recognition for the S&C professional. In turn, this will provide a basis for further analysis of remuneration in other countries and sectors within S&C, and perhaps help guide professional sport towards similar standards and recognition.
Financiamiento del sistema de salud en Colombia: aspectos normativos y de gestión
Authors: Vargas González Vilma
Published: May 2021

El objetivo del artículo es presentar una aproximación al financiamiento del sistema de salud en Colombia, donde se contemplan aspectos normativos y de gestión en el contexto del Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud -SGSSS-. Se realiza un trabajo de reflexión teórico-bibliográfico, sustentado en los aportes teóricos de Mises (1944), Weber (1969), Testa (1995) y Niskanen (1971), con los cuales se discute la gestión burocrática tradicional de financiamiento, a partir de un análisis descriptivo del tipo de financiamiento en el sistema de salud colombiano, considerando el texto constitucional que orienta las directrices de la política de salud en Colombia y la normativa legal vigente en la materia. Los resultados apuntan que, las fuentes de los recursos, fundamentalmente, tienen su origen en la naturaleza obligatoria de las afiliaciones y las cotizaciones al sistema de salud colombiano, principalmente mediante dos regímenes: el contributivo y el subsidiado, relacionados con los ingresos de los ciudadanos, en atención a capacidad contributiva y solidaridad entre e intraregímenes. El flujo y control de los recursos es garantizado por la Administradora de los Recursos del Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud (ADRES). Las conclusiones expresan los retos de un cambio de paradigma desde la óptica de una racionalidad en búsqueda de beneficios sociales.
Comissão Científica de Exploração: uma experiência de transição no fazer científico brasileiro
Authors: Teixeira Karoline Viana
Published: May 2021

Em sua época, a Comissão Científica de Exploração conheceu a glória de ser a primeira expedição formada exclusivamente por brasileiros, destinada a encontrar no Ceará materiais e técnicas que acelerassem a marcha civilizatória do Império brasileiro — mas que logo se transformou em pecha de iniciativa malfadada, cara e inútil. O legado desta viagem exploratória passou décadas sem suscitar interesse entre os pesquisadores. Nos últimos anos, mesmo retomado por estudos acadêmicos, o tema ainda é lembrado mais pelo seu teor anedótico e por suas alcunhas pejorativas, chegando-se quase sempre à conclusão de que foi um empreendimento que não correspondeu às expectativas e investimentos. Além de proceder a uma revisão crítica das interpretações da expedição às províncias do Norte, gostaria de abordar aqui a experiência da Comissão Científica dentro das possibilidades e limites no uso da ciência como braço intelectual do desenvolvimento do Império, um país que buscava lidar com a herança colonial e, ao mesmo tempo, estabelecer-se comonação moderna e civilizada, capaz de empreender o conhecimento de seu próprio território.
Entre a arte e a ciência: a trajetória de Augusto Esteves
Authors: Carreta Jorge Augusto
Published: May 2021

Este artigo traça a trajetória de Augusto Esteves, desenhista e ceroplastia que atuou no Instituto Butantan e nos departamentos de dermatologia e medicina legal da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Esteves produziu centenas de trabalhos, com destaque para as peças em cera que reproduziam doenças dermatológicas, venéreas e temas do ensino de medicina legal, tais como ferimentos infligidos por instrumentos cortantes ou armas de fogo e lesões causadas por acidentes de trabalho. No Instituto Butantan, seu trabalho consistiu essencialmente em reproduzir por meio de desenhos e ceroplastia as serpentes e demais animais estudados na instituição.
Allocução proferida pelo Dr. Arthur Neiva, director do serviço sanitario de S. Paulo, na inauguração, no Instituto de Butantan, em 20 de fevereiro de 1918, do Horto Oswaldo Cruz, destinado ao cultivo de plantas toxicas e medicinaes
Authors: Neiva Arthur
Published: May 2021

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Paulo Emílio Vanzolini: reconhecimento do cientista professor emérito do Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo
Authors: Höfling Elizabeth
Published: May 2021

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Paulo Vanzolini
Authors: Raw Isaias
Published: May 2021

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Gerda e os bichos
Authors: Brentani Gerda , Vanzolini Paulo
Published: May 2021

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A porta da Amazônia é aqui! Desenvolvimento e educação no governo de José Sarney no Maranhão (1966 – 1970)
Authors: Do Nascimento Elizânia Sousa
Published: May 2021

A chegada de José Sarney ao governo do Maranhão em 1966 foi impulsionada, entre outras estratégias, por uma rede discursiva que possuía no desenvolvimento seu ponto central de apoio. Entre os campos que deveriam não apenas estimular, mas também sustentar o desenvolvimento do Estado, encontrava-se a educação. O artigo apresenta os projetos que foram constituídos pelo Programa de governo do Maranhão Novo para os níveis primário e secundário: O Projeto João de Barro, a Televisão Educativa do Maranhão - TVE/MA e o Projeto Bandeirante. Destaca-se a rede discursiva que gravitava em torno desses projetos e analisa-se as correspondências entre esses discursos e a efetividade dos projetos.
O tempo estrutural da comunidade de Santa Luzia do Maruanum, Amapá: vivências de temporalidades possíveis
Authors: Souza Silva David Junior de , Dos Santos Danielle Balieiro
Published: May 2021

O objetivo desta pesquisa é a compreensão de como o tempo social se estrutura em contextos/espaços/temporais cuja organização sociocultural e manifestações simbólicas se esturuturam em valores etnicamente singulares – como é o caso da comunidade Santa Luzia do Maruanum. A justificativa é a evidência de estruturas reais e empíricas de tempos sociais que contestam as concepções universalizadoras presentes nas atuais teorizações eurocêntricas sobre o tempo. Outrossim, a pesquisa sobre o tempo social e seus usos e sentidos tem implicações sobre a compreensão de parte dos sentidos de felicidade e bem-viver comunitário. Epistemologicamente, o estudo aqui proposto funda-se na perspectiva da interculturalidade e da pós-colonialidade. A metodologia empregada foi a etnografia junto à comunidade. Como resultados, identificamos que o tempo social comunitário é feito por um tempo de trabalho, um tempo familiar, um tempo religioso, e um tempo de lazer cotidiano e festivo extracotidiano. O tempo social comunitário é feito também desse ‘tempo escolhido’, dessa autodeterminação, dessa autonomia relativa para decisão sobre o cotidiano.
Paisagens e gentes da fronteira: povoamento e urbanização da Amazônia (séculos XVII E XVIII)
Authors: Camilo Janaina Valéria Pinto
Published: May 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar parte da pesquisa realizada sobre a construção da fronteira Amazônica, especificamente, a Capitania do Grão-Pará e Maranhão, entre os séculos XVII e XVIII, quando das viagens de exploração e demarcação previstas, neste último caso, pelo Tratado de Madri (1750 a 1761). O conjunto de documentos diz respeito a mapas e plantas arquitetônicas produzidos por engenheiro militares e padres matemáticos e, também, correspondências trocadas entre o Governador Francisco Xavier Mendonça Furtado com o Marquês de Pombal e com administrados das vilas da capitania, citando a necessidade de povoamento do Cabo Norte e as condições precárias de algumas fortificações e a urgência de se construir outras mais modernas, seguidas de outras construções religiosas e civis.
Patrimônio cultural e educação patrimonial: analisando livros didáticos de História
Authors: Mendes Ruan Carlos , Nunes Rogério Maciel
Published: May 2021

No ano de 2019 a FAFIDAM/UECE realizou o seu VI Simpósio Pesquisa e Ensino de História, no qual os autores deste artigo ministraram uma oficina para debater questões em torno do patrimônio cultural e do livro didático. Na ocasião foram aprofundados referenciais teóricos, com base em Ferreira e Oliveira (2019), discussões que retomamos agora. Também foi proporcionado que os participantes analisassem coleções de livros didáticos de História e apontassem como o Patrimônio Cultural é ou deixa de ser abordado. Desse modo, a análise aqui apresentada parte da experiência dessa oficina para refletir sobre as visões que os graduandos expuseram. A conclusão aponta que os licenciandos percebem que os livros não conceituam a Educação Patrimonial sistematicamente e indicam a necessidade de uma definição sobre o patrimônio cultural que sirva de suporte aos professores para o desenvolvimento dessa discussão.
The Evolutionary Role of Higher Education in Sustainable Development: Pandemic 2020–2021
Authors: Dinzhanova Gulbakhyt , Bianchi Massimo
Published: May 2021

This article investigates the role of higher education in the economic development of the country. The research aims to investigate the theoretical and methodological basis of the role of higher education and human capital in economic growth, evaluate the current state of higher education within pandemic COVID-19, and develop scientifically and applied recommendations to strengthen capacity and improve the competitiveness of human capital in the developing countries.

An analysis of the existing researches and debates is made. We defined the state of higher education in Kazakhstan and considered the changes in education within the context of COVID-19. We made multiple correlations and regression analysis based on the education coverage index and GDP(mln KZT), where defined the moderate correlation between two variables. Statistical data is studied in a period from 2000 to 2019.

This paper contributes to the literature by fulfilling a theory of human capital development in the knowledge economy, revealing the relational mechanism between higher education, sustainable development, and the economic boundary of this relationship. It also contributes to the further understanding of the role of higher education in economic development. This study result implies to strengthen capacity and improve the competitiveness of human capital, draft human capital development policy.

Keywords: SDG; COVID-19, human capital, higher education