bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Navigating the clock and the corridor: how time and space influence unplanned conversations
Authors: Mandhana Dron M. , Ballard Dawna I.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Despite their centrality to organizing – acknowledged by several theorists – unplanned conversations are often marginalized in organizational theory. To remedy this oversight, we recenter attention on this understudied aspect of organizing. We draw on the affordances perspective to elaborate on the spatial and temporal factors influencing unplanned conversations.

Design/methodology/approach

This conceptual paper integrates multidisciplinary literature on unplanned conversations to identify a range of spatiotemporal factors influencing unplanned conversations. Our approach emphasizes how various situational factors afford or hinder opportunities for unplanned conversations among organizational members.

Findings

Unplanned conversations were precisely defined as opportunistic or spontaneous conversations, characterized by the absence of pre-planning, that can be work or non-work-related. Then, the characteristics of unplanned conversations (emergent, episodic and brief, interrelated, convenient, and improvisational) were outlined, indicating their distinct organizing and structuring capabilities. The spatial (i.e. spatial proximity, visibility, legitimacy, and psychological safety) and temporal (i.e. work time pressure, work history, work expertise, and work routineness) factors identified in the study both afford and constrain individuals’ unplanned conversations. The empirically testable propositions offered in the study have significant theoretical and practical implications.

Originality/value

This study enriches our understanding of unplanned conversations by offering a precise conceptual definition, outlining their essential characteristics, and underscoring their theoretical and practical significance in organizing. The study highlights the need for organizations to consider the spatiotemporal factors that influence unplanned conversations.
Managerial ability, intellectual property rights, R&D: does firm age play a role?
Authors: Sewpersadh Navitha Singh , Dalwai Tamanna
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The interplay between individual and collective creativity and its translation into innovation is a critical yet complex challenge in the ever-evolving innovation landscape. This study delves into the intricate relationship between managerial ability, intellectual property rights (IPRs) and research and development (R&D) investments contextualized within the dynamics of leverage, firm life stages and tangibility for pharmaceutical firms in the Asia-Pacific region. By exploring how micro-level factors influence macro-level innovation processes, this study aims to contribute to the broader understanding of creativity and innovation, a theme at the heart of addressing contemporary global challenges.

Design/methodology/approach

Econometric methodologies were used to analyse a data set comprising 2,660 firm-year observations spanning the decade from 2011 to 2020.

Findings

A key finding was that companies with lower managerial prowess strategically leverage R&D intensity to signal their value to the market and accrue reputational currency. The research unearths a significant positive relationship between managerial ability, IPRs and R&D investment. In environments characterized by strong managerial acumen and robust IPR safeguards, firms exhibit a heightened propensity to allocate resources to R&D endeavours. This underscores the role of intellectual leadership and legal protections in shaping R&D strategies within the pharmaceutical domain. Incorporating firm life stages as a moderating factor reveals that firm maturity fundamentally influences the interplay between managerial ability, IPRs and R&D expenditure.

Originality/value

These findings’ implications resonate profoundly within policy-making circles and pharmaceutical firms’ day-to-day operational strategies, underscoring the pivotal role of intellectual capital and legal safeguards in shaping the future of innovation in the Asia-Pacific pharmaceutical sector.
Condom provision in prison settings: misconceptions, stereotypes and recommendations to promote acceptance
Authors: Moazen Babak , Stöver Heino
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study aims to highlight prevalent misconceptions and stereotypes surrounding condom provision programs in prison settings and proposes solutions to enhance the availability, accessibility and quality of condom provision programs in prison settings.

Design/methodology/approach

Unprotected sex is a prevalent high-risk behavior and a major avenue for infection transmission in prison settings, worldwide. Despite this fact, many prison health policymakers exhibit hesitation in distributing condoms among people residing in prisons.

Findings

Common misconceptions and stereotypes surrounding condom provision programs in prison settings are presented and discussed in the text.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first of its kind presenting the prevalent misconceptions and stereotypes surrounding condom provision programs in prison settings and recommending solutions to address this issue.
An inductive analysis of collaborative cybersecurity management capabilities, relational antecedents and supply chain cybersecurity parameters
Authors: Friday Derek , Melnyk Steven Alexander , Altman Morris , Harrison Norma , Ryan Suzanne
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The vulnerability of customers to malware attacks through weak supplier links has prompted a need for collaboration as a strategic alternative in improving supply chain cybersecurity (SCC). Current studies overlook the fact that the effectiveness of cybersecurity strategies is dependent on the form of interfirm relationship mechanisms within which supply chain digital assets are embedded. This paper analyses the association between interfirm collaborative cybersecurity management capabilities (ICCMC) and cybersecurity parameters across a supply chain and proposes an agenda for future research.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature review (SLR) is conducted, employing text mining software to analyse content extracted from 137 scholarly articles on SCC from January 2013 to January 2022.

Findings

The co-occurrence analysis strongly confirms the potential of ICCMC to reinforce SCC. Furthermore, we establish that relational factors could have multiple roles: as antecedents for ICCMC, and as factors that directly affect SCC parameters. The analysis reveals knowledge gaps in SCC theory grounding, including a fragmented and sparse representation of SCC parameters and the potential presence of an omitted variable – SCC – that could improve subsequent testing of causal relationships for theory development.

Originality/value

The paper’s contribution is at the intersection of interfirm collaboration and mandating cybersecurity requirements across a supply chain. Our paper contributes to closing a social-technical gap by introducing social aspects such as the Relational View and the importance of developing ICCMC to reinforce SCC. We offer a method for testing co-occurrences in SLRs, a comprehensive definition of SCC, and a framework with propositions for future research on increasing the effectiveness of collaborative cybersecurity management. We position collaboration as a necessary condition for the transition from cybersecurity of a firm to cybersecurity across a supply chain, and its ecosystem.
Following the evidence-base or exacerbating harms? An autoethnography of a London metropolitan police officer
Authors: Ryland Julia , Scher Benjamin D.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study uses autoethnography to examine the impact of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 on policing and public health in the UK. Bridging the gap between scholarly discourse and practical law enforcement insights, this paper aims to highlight the cognitive dissonance experienced by frontline officers when using policing methods that conflict with evidence-based practices and personal values. It critiques routine police procedures, highlighting the ineffectiveness of criminal sanctions in reducing drug offences and the resultant damage to community trust and police legitimacy.

Design/methodology/approach

Using autoethnography and critical reflection that combines personal narrative and ethnographic observation, this paper presents a practitioner's perspective on the challenges of enforcing low-level drug offences. It integrates the author's experiences as a neighbourhood police officer in Camden Town, London, with theoretical analysis to highlight the practical realities of drug law enforcement at the intersection of law enforcement and public health.

Findings

This research reveals contradictions between current drug law enforcement strategies and public health objectives, and the consequences for law enforcement. It highlights the risks of limiting police discretion and preventing their ability to respond appropriately to complex needs. The paper emphasises the need for public health and trauma-informed policing strategies to mitigate the adverse effects on vulnerable and disadvantaged communities.

Practical implications

Improved public health outcomes: prioritising treatment and support over punishment. Adoption of trauma-informed practices: reducing marginalisation, stigma and improved experiences of police interaction. Improved trust and legitimacy: when the public perceive policing as fair and aligned with community values, it strengthens procedural justice and police legitimacy. Enhanced officer well-being: an improved working environment and experience, through more meaningful, impactful work and improved interactions and relationships with the public. Policy change: policymakers should recognise the discretionary role of police when developing drug policy and acknowledge the risks associated with enforcement approaches that conflict with community needs and broader policing objectives.

Originality/value

Offering a novel critique of prohibitionist drug policies within the British context, this paper advocates for a cultural shift towards public health and trauma-informed approaches in UK policing. It emphasises the importance of recognising police officers' discretionary role as “citizen-agents” and the integration law enforcement approaches with harm reduction initiatives for enhanced procedural justice and police legitimacy.
A systematic literature review on home-based businesses: two decades of research
Authors: Malik Sawsan , Alkhaldi Afnan , Salamzadeh Aidin , Mantas Chris
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The research identifies literature on Home-Based Businesses (HBBs) from 2000 to August 2023, focuses on their economic roles, challenges for entrepreneurs and success strategies, reflecting societal and technological changes. This guides future studies and highlights knowledge gaps.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature review of published, peer-reviewed research between the years 2000 and 2023 is performed to examine how research on HBBs has changed over time, areas needing more study and how research has been done.

Findings

A total of 58 articles were analyzed and categorized into five distinct themes. Key insights into the evolution, significance and multifaceted aspects of HBBs are presented, revealing the impact and role of these businesses in a modern economic context.

Originality/value

The synthesis of existing literature enhances our understanding of recent studies on HBBs, focusing on challenges, and identifies promising directions for future research.
Developing core practices of social studies preservice teachers through critical historical inquiry
Authors: Baker Mathew , Joseph Michael Lee
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Examine how social studies preservice teachers conceptualize and enact critical historical inquiry.

Design/methodology/approach

Critical qualitative case study.

Findings

Differing conceptual understandings and had trouble infusing their practice with the critical theory learned in the university.

Originality/value

Examine how a core practice is bolstering the practice-theory connection in teacher education.
A structured investigation on the site supervisory traits in applying science and technology related fundamental concepts in construction operations
Authors: Manoharan Kesavan , Dissanayake Pujitha , Pathirana Chintha , Deegahawature Dharsana , Silva Renuka
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Productivity increase is correlated with profitability, sustainability and competitiveness of the construction firms. Recent studies reveal that the primary causes of productivity decline are poor usage of scientific and technological advances, ineffective supervision strategies and poor apprenticeship facilities/opportunities. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to evaluate how well construction supervisors can utilise fundamental science and technological concepts/ideas to increase the efficiency and productivity of construction activities.

Design/methodology/approach

A new strategic layout was designed with the use of potential training guide tools. Based on the designed layout, a new supervisory training programme was developed, and 62 construction supervisors were selected, trained and evaluated in line with six parts of competencies and the relevant learning domains. An assessment guide with different levels of descriptions and criteria was developed through literature analysis and expert interviews. The research tools were verified using comprehensive approaches.

Findings

The overall mean values of supervisors’ performance scores indicate proficient-level grades in the competency characteristics related to taking measurements, generating drawings/designs using manual techniques and computer-aided tools, involving Bill of Quantities (BOQ) preparations and preparing training plans/materials for improving the competencies of labourers on estimation, measurements and understanding drawings. Their proficiency was notably lower in the use of information and communication technology application tools in construction tasks compared to others. The findings point to a modern generalised guideline that establishes the ranges of supervisory attributes associated with science and technology-related applications.

Research limitations/implications

The study outcomes produce conceptualised projections to restructure and revalue the job functions of various working categories by adding new definitions within the specified scope. This may result in constructive benefits to upgrading the current functions associated with urbanisation, sustainability and society. The implementation of the study’s findings/conclusions will have a significant impact on present and future practices in other developing nations and developing industries, even if they are directly applicable to the Sri Lankan construction industry.

Originality/value

Up to certain limits/stages, the study fills not only the knowledge gap in the field of creating protocols and application techniques connected to lifelong learning and skill enhancement/upgrading but also the existing gaps in work attributes and roles of construction supervisors associated with the utilisation of fundamental science and technological concepts/ideas towards reinforcing sustainable and productive site operations.
Impact of intra‐abdominal drains in emergency gastrointestinal surgery: a scoping review
Authors: Hubble T. , Huseyin A. , Kersey J. , Bath Michael F. , Nair M.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Intra‐abdominal drains are often placed in emergency gastrointestinal surgery procedures with the aim to prevent the formation of intra‐abdominal collections (IAC) and aid in their early detection. However, the evidence for this is debated. This scoping review aims to evaluate the current evidence for their use in this setting.

Methods

A literature search was performed using MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Primary studies published between January 2000 and September 2023 that assessed intra‐abdominal drain placement and post‐operative IAC formation in emergency gastrointestinal surgery were included.

Results

A total of 26 articles were identified. There was no strong evidence to suggest that prophylactic intra‐abdominal drain placement influences the formation of IAC in emergency gastrointestinal procedures. There was a suggestion that drain placement may increase the rate of surgical site infection and length of hospital stay. However, current studies on the topic are of poor quality and high risk of bias.

Conclusion

The undifferentiated use of drains in emergency gastrointestinal surgery should not be encouraged. Drain placement should be specific to the clinical context. Higher quality research is warranted to better understand the influence drain placement has on post‐operative outcomes.
Designing celebrity‐endorsed behavioral interventions in conservation
Authors: Olmedo Alegría , Veríssimo Diogo , Challender Daniel W. S. , Dao Huong Thi Thu , Rubino Elena C. , Milner‐Gulland E. J.
Published: May 2024

The use of celebrity endorsement in environmental conservation interventions aiming to influence human behavior has increased in recent decades. Although good practice in designing, implementing, and evaluating behavioral interventions is outlined in recent publications, guidance on developing conservation interventions with celebrity endorsement remains limited. To fill this gap, we devised a guide for decision‐making relating to celebrity‐endorsed behavioral interventions based on the behavioral, project design, and celebrity endorsement literatures. The guide advises conducting research to understand the behavior system in question; defining endorser selection models and celebrities based on the research; developing an endorsement strategy with the appropriate communication channels; testing the celebrity, channels, and strategy with the target audience and making adjustments as needed; and, finally, evaluating the intervention after implementation. We applied this strategy to a case study, the aim of which was to design a celebrity‐endorsed intervention to reduce consumption of wild meat in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Following our guide, we found that employing evidence‐based decision‐making substantially enhanced our ability to understand the complexity and potential cost associated with using celebrity endorsements in behavioral interventions.
Value chain analysis of a women‐dominated wild‐caught mud crab fishery
Authors: Mangubhai Sangeeta , Fox Margaret , Nand Yashika , Mason Natalie
Published: May 2024

A value chain analysis (VCA) is a cost‐effective tool to guide targeted value chain development interventions to address social wellbeing and environmental performance. Examining value chains through a gender lens can help design and implement interventions that enhance opportunities for women in the fisheries and address gender inequalities in the sector. We conducted a VCA in 2015 of the wild‐caught mud crab (Scylla serrata) fishery in Bua Province, Fiji. We found five main players involved in the selling of mud crabs – fishers, traders, retail shops, restaurants and exporters. The value chain was dominated by Indigenous (iTaukei) women fishers (88.1% of fishers) and characterised by low technological input, targeted largely for domestic markets or consumption, and with limited value‐adding activities. Although most women harvested mud crabs on a part‐time basis, it was an important source of income for most with 30% relying on it as their main livelihood. Despite being a lucrative commodity, there are several bottlenecks in the fishery – the relative informality of relationships amongst players in the value chain, the independent livelihood‐driven harvest behaviours of fishers, and opportunistic sale of products. As a result, the fishery did not meet the demands of the domestic market. Our study concluded the gendered‐skewness in the fishery increases the vulnerability of the chain to declines in economic productivity because of its reliance on irregular suppliers, and gender‐based constraints. However, the low frequency and intensity of harvesting and use of low technological harvesting methods meant the fishery was not over‐exploited and likely sustainable.
L'incidence des politiques du marché du travail et de la fiscalité sur l'emploi indépendant: nouvel éclairage à partir de données européennes
Authors: ÉGERT Balázs , MOUROUGANE Annabelle
Published: May 2024

Les auteurs utilisent des régressions de données de panel sur la période 1995‐2022 pour identifier les principales politiques économiques qui influent sur le travail indépendant dans les pays européens de l'OCDE. Ils mettent en évidence des effets hétérogènes selon que les travailleurs indépendants exercent à leur compte ou emploient des salariés, et en fonction du sexe, de l’âge et du niveau de compétences. Le salaire minimum et la législation sur la protection de l'emploi sont fortement associés à la part à long terme des travailleurs à leur compte, tandis que la part des indépendants employeurs est sensible à l’évolution du coin fiscal et de l'indemnisation du chômage. La désindustrialisation est corrélée positivement à l'emploi indépendant, lequel présente également des propriétés cycliques.
Prevalence of risk factors for venous thromboembolism and aspirin resistance in Australian patients undergoing total hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: van Oosterom Nameer , Barras Michael , Cottrell Neil
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Aspirin is used for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis after total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA/TKA). However, its efficacy is unclear in patients with multiple VTE risk factors and at risk of aspirin resistance (AR).

Background and Aims

To determine the prevalence of risk factors for VTE and AR in patients after THA/TKA and to determine the relationship between risk factors and drugs prescribed for thromboprophylaxis.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of elective‐THA/TKA in six Australian hospitals over a 1‐year period. Medical records were manually reviewed to determine demographics, thromboprophylaxis regimen and presence of risk factors. The relationship between individual and cumulative risk factors with the thromboprophylaxis regimen was determined.

Results

In total, 1011 patients were included with a mean (SD) age of 65.9 (±11.0) years, and 56.4% were female. The five most prevalent risk factors were obesity (59.1%), age ≥65 years (58.2%), hypertension (45.3%), dyslipidaemia (35.9%) and diabetes (19.7%). Most patients had ≥1 risk factor for VTE (93.6%) and AR (93.6%), with 49.0% and 35.0% having ≥3 concurrent VTE and AR risk factors, respectively. The only significant relationship between risk factors and drugs was diabetes (P < 0.01). Rivaroxaban was more commonly used as the number of concurrent VTE risk factors increased (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Patients had a high prevalence of VTE and AR risk factors, suggesting aspirin may not be beneficial in many patients. Only diabetes was linked to the selection of thromboprophylaxis. Patients who received rivaroxaban had a greater average number of VTE risk factors. Guidelines should promote individualised prescribing in higher‐risk patients.
The American Academy of Dermatology's “Good Skin Knowledge” program enhances children and adolescents' confidence regarding dermatologic knowledge
Authors: O'Connell Katie A. , Ramos Vanessa , Giefer Josie , Martinez Abigail , van den Bogert Katherine , Boiko Susan
Published: May 2024

The American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) has resources meant to be used by children. Herein, we discuss the Good Skin Knowledge (GSK) curriculum, which was created to educate youth aged 8–13 about common dermatologic conditions to promote healthy skin habits, build self‐confidence, and encourage careers in science and medicine. To assess participants' confidence regarding understanding and retention of GSK materials, the authors developed a pre‐ and post‐training survey consisting of 10 questions. Results of our survey demonstrate a significant improvement in participants confidence regarding knowledge of skin function and care with at least two thirds of youth surveyed indicating understanding across all areas, with the largest gains centered around knowledge of the three skin layers, knowing what a dermatologist does, and appreciating the causes of acne.
The wheat tan spot pathosystem in Australia: A showcase of effector‐assisted breeding
Authors: See Pao Theen , Oliver Richard P. , Moffat Caroline S.
Published: May 2024

Tan spot disease of wheat (also known as yellow spot) is caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis (Ptr). Initially described as a grass pathogen, Ptr has become a wheat pathogen of global importance. In Australia, tan spot was first recorded in 1952 as a minor wheat disease. However, by the 1970s tan spot had reached epidemic levels in Australia with yield losses of up to 49% reported in the north‐eastern region. A national survey carried out in 2007/2008 placed tan spot as the most economically important wheat disease with an estimated yield loss of 6%, corresponding to nearly a quarter of all disease losses. The incidence of tan spot in Australia has now markedly reduced with some wheat breeding programmes no longer considering tan spot disease resistance to be a priority trait. The disease can be effectively managed with integrated control strategies such as crop rotation, timely application of fungicides and removal of surface stubble. However, the key to the success of controlling tan spot disease in Australia has been achieved through wheat breeding programmes. The development of tan spot resistance resources suitable for the Australian climate was a concerted effort between national and international research organizations and Australian wheat breeders, supported by the Australian Grains Research Development Corporation (GRDC). While traditional breeding was essential to combat the disease, this article highlights the value of effector biology in assisting the development of resistant cultivars.
Double debiased transfer learning for adaptive Huber regression
Authors: Wang Ziyuan , Wang Lei , Lian Heng
Published: May 2024

Through exploiting information from the source data to improve the fit performance on the target data, transfer learning estimations for high‐dimensional linear regression models have drawn much attention recently, but few studies focus on statistical inference and robust learning in the presence of heavy‐tailed/asymmetric errors. Using adaptive Huber regression (AHR) to achieve the bias and robustness tradeoff, in this paper we propose a robust transfer learning algorithm with high‐dimensional covariates, then construct valid confidence intervals and hypothesis tests based on the debiased lasso approach. When the transferable sources are known, a two‐step ‐penalized transfer AHR estimator is firstly proposed and the error bounds are established. To correct the biases caused by the lasso penalty, a unified debiasing framework based on the decorrelated score equations is considered to establish asymptotic normality of the debiased lasso transfer AHR estimator. Confidence intervals and hypothesis tests for each component can be constructed. When the transferable sources are unknown, a data‐driven source detection algorithm is proposed with theoretical guarantee. Numerical studies verify the performance of our proposed estimator and confidence intervals, and an application to Genotype‐Tissue Expression data is also presented.
Did mid‐Ediacaran regional sea‐level drawdown trigger extensive allochthonous salt breakout and the incision of kilometre‐deep palaeocanyons, Flinders Ranges, South Australia?
Authors: Giles Sarah M. , Giles Katherine A. , Rowan Mark G. , Maza Kiri , Christie‐Blick Nicholas , Lankford‐Bravo David F.
Published: May 2024

The Ediacaran Period is of interest for the emergence of multicellular life, one or more glaciations, and the occurrence of the largest δ13C excursion in Earth history (the Shuram). The Ediacaran stratigraphic succession in the Flinders Ranges of South Australia is distinctive also for well‐exposed outcrop examples of palaeocanyons and salt diapirs. We present data placing a level of salt‐sheet breakout during deposition of the Wonoka Formation, within the time span of the Shuram, and at a datum indistinguishable from the canyon incision level. We hypothesize that canyon incision and salt breakout were triggered by subaerial erosion and non‐deposition associated with sea‐level drawdown in a temporarily isolated embayment. This mechanism provides support for the idea that the palaeocanyons were fluvially incised, and imposes a new constraint on the palaeoenvironmental setting of Australia at the time of the Shuram and the Ediacara fauna.
Higher Morita–Tachikawa correspondence
Authors: Cruz Tiago
Published: May 2024

Important correspondences in representation theory can be regarded as restrictions of the Morita–Tachikawa correspondence. Moreover, this correspondence motivates the study of many classes of algebras like Morita algebras and gendo‐symmetric algebras. Explicitly, the Morita–Tachikawa correspondence describes that endomorphism algebras of generators–cogenerators over finite‐dimensional algebras are exactly the finite‐dimensional algebras with dominant dimension at least two. In this paper, we introduce the concepts of quasi‐generators and quasi‐cogenerators that generalise generators and cogenerators, respectively. Using these new concepts, we present higher versions of the Morita–Tachikawa correspondence that take into account relative dominant dimension with respect to a self‐orthogonal module with arbitrary projective and injective dimensions. These new versions also hold over Noetherian algebras that are finitely generated and projective over a commutative Noetherian ring.
Sobre las escrituras pantanosas y los murmullos vegetales en La amortajada de María Luisa Bombal
Authors: Sánchez Monje Soe
Published: May 2024

Este texto quiere mostrar algunos de los efectos teóricos que surgen al vincular la escritura con la vida y forma del pantano. Me detengo en ciertos momentos fundamentales de La amortajada (1975) de María Luisa Bombal para mostrar que leer con ojos vegetales permite descubrir nuevas relaciones textuales que contemplan la existencia de otras vidas en la literatura y que estimulan nuevas maneras de hablar del mundo. También propongo que la aparición de los fenómenos vegetales en la novela tiene alcances políticos importantes, pues Bombal enriquece el escenario de la escritura vegetal al darle agencia textual a la materia los reinos Plantae y animal. En este marco de ideas, la teoría, la creación literaria y la investigación se unen en una tríada poderosa gracias a los efectos de pensar a partir de la imagen del pantano.
Pipeline Strain Monitoring in Hazardous Classified Areas
Authors: Bell Jonathan , Dugan Brett
Published: May 2024

Strain gauges provide valuable information about steel pipeline conditions during periods of increased stress. Implementing continuous strain gauge monitoring reduces uncertainty about the impact of stress on pipelines and helps pipeline operators minimize operational disruptions during strain inducing events, such as land movement or subsidence. Traditionally, strain gauge monitoring was limited to nonhazardous areas because the energized strain gauge monitoring equipment posed an ignition threat in hazardous locations, HazLocs. Emerging technology utilizes low-power, wireless, battery powered HazLoc Nodes to enable strain gauge monitoring at these classified locations. Through low power sensor board design and low gauge excitation voltage, intrinsic safety certification is achieved for continuous monitoring of asset integrity. This paper presents a case study on strain gauge monitoring in an active hazardous piping facility during differential ground subsidence induced by underground longwall mining. This case study shows how strain fluctuated on piping and associated equipment during and after longwall mine subsidence. The strain gauge monitoring and analysis notably included wireless data transmission, low-voltage battery power performance, and other factors that allowed for the system to remain operational during the subsidence. Additionally, this paper shows how strain relief techniques were leveraged to ensure asset integrity.
Probabilistic Approaches for Analysis of Inspection Data of Pipelines
Authors: Maes Marc A. , Salama Mamdouh M.
Published: May 2024

Inspection of pipeline to assess the extent of corrosion is performed using in-line inspection (ILI) tools, called intelligent pigs. The two mains ILI tools are magnetic flux leakage (MFL) and ultrasonics. MFL tools are the most widely used because they are applicable for both gas and liquid pipelines. Ultrasonic tools are generally limited to liquid pipelines. These inspection tools, like all inspection tools, suffer from three main uncertainties: Probability of detection (POD), probability of false call POFC) and sizing accuracy. Therefore, the decision regarding the integrity of the pipeline and its remaining safe operating life must account for the influence of these uncertainties. In this paper, two probabilistic approaches are presented. The first approach is based on assessing the extent of corrosion damage based on historical measurement of matching defects and thus it mainly considers the sizing accuracy of the inspection tool. The second approach does not depend on defect matching but accounts for defect population along a pipeline section subjected to similar environmental conditions. This population-based approach accounts for POD, POFC and sizing accuracy. The paper includes example analyses demonstrating the two approaches.
Evolutions of the Stress-Induced Magnetic Fields of Steel Samples with Cracks
Authors: Bao Sheng , Li Yan , Liu Liu
Published: May 2024

Metal Magnetic Memory Testing (MMMT) is a nondestructive testing technology, which has the advantages of no external magnetic excitation, no surface pretreatment, fast detection and early damage detection. To further investigate the influence of cracks on the distribution of metal magnetic memory signals, tensile tests were carried out on the specimens with cracks. Specimens were demagnetized to eliminate the influence of the initial magnetic field before the test. The metal magnetic memory signals including tangential component and normal component on the surface of the specimens were collected by the magnetic detector. The stress distribution on the surface of the specimens during loading was obtained by ABAQUS finite element simulation. Combined with the distribution of residual stress, the distribution of metal magnetic memory signals was analyzed from four aspects. Firstly, the evolution of metal magnetic memory signals of the specimens with cracks under different loads was analyzed. Secondly, the metal magnetic memory signals of the specimens with and without cracks under the same load were compared. Thirdly, the cloud images of metal magnetic memory signals of the specimens with and without cracks under the same load were compared. Finally, characteristic parameters of cracked and smooth specimens were compared. The analysis results show that the metal magnetic memory signals can sensitively reflect the change of residual stress caused by the existence of cracks. The distribution characteristics of the magnetic memory signal will change obviously due to the cracks.
Evaluating Hydro-Québec’s Decarbonization Pathways Using Integrated Asset-Centric Electrical Power System Evolution Modeling
Authors: Luca Vito De , Poupart-Raiche Olivier , Hamel Jean-François , Dumoulin Rémi , Souilah Bannour , Morissette Laurent , Pelletier Stéphane
Published: May 2024

The era of decarbonization is expected to require massive infrastructure investments to upgrade and renew the electrical power system, which puts enormous pressure on electrical utilities. The fragmented organizational structure typical of most utilities today hinder energy leaders’ ability to assess the global monetary and social cost of maintaining grid reliability in the decarbonized future. To provide decision-makers with a consolidated high-level outlook of the power system’s evolution, Hydro-Québec developed an innovative decision-support tool referred to as the Integrated Asset-Centric Electrical Power System Evolution Model or EPSEM. It essentially aggregates asset and risk management data for Hydro-Québec’s generation, transmission, and distribution activities, and simulates the evolution of the electrical system as a whole, generating CapEx, OpEx and asset metric projections based on different energy mixes and forecasted demand scenarios. The paper outlines the model’s main design steps and provides a broad overview of the modeling approach and simulation methodology, particularly its unique data aggregation methodology and holistic and interdisciplinary approach to power system modeling. Examples of the types of results and analytics that can be obtained are presented and discussed. The observed benefits of the EPSEM demonstrate how advanced data-driven tools and a holistic approach to asset management risk analysis and power system planning can help decision-makers chart decarbonization pathways and more efficiently coordinate expansion planning.
Large-Scale Material Property and Attribute Verification on Oil and Gas Pipelines
Authors: Knight Sean , Guerrero Austin , Slater Simon
Published: May 2024

Since 2020, operators of gas transmission pipelines have been tasked by regulation to verify the material properties and attributes for pipes and components that do not have traceable, verifiable, and complete records. This was originally applicable to segments of pipe that did not have reliable pressure test records but has now expanded as a more holistic requirement for integrity management. Material properties and attributes, including strength, seam type, diameter and wall thickness are critical inputs for defining the maximum allowable operating pressure (MAOP), and for integrity assessments. Instead of using assumed properties and attributes, or overly conservative estimates, operators are now able to leverage in-line inspection and non-destructive testing technologies to characterize material properties and attributes, close knowledge gaps and manage the assets more safely. The use of these technologies allows users to delineate distinct populations of different pipes as the basis for a material verification process. The application of robust material property verification processes has expanded beyond meeting gas regulation requirements, to enhancing our integrity management plans in both gas and liquid pipeline operations, and notably in the emerging fuels space where conversion of natural gas pipelines for hydrogen transportation will require a critical review of the properties of existing infrastructure for transportation. The aim of this paper is to present the technologies and processes available for material property and attribute verification on pipelines and share examples of how these are being used in various applications to enhance the safety of our high-pressure pipeline systems.
Combining Asset Integrity Management and Resilience in Coping with Extreme Climate Events in Electrical Power Grids
Authors: Morissette Marc , Komljenovic Dragan , Robert Benoît , Gravel Jean-François , Benoit Nathalie , Lebeau Simon , Fortin William , Yaacoub Salami-Jean , Leduc Patrick , Rioux Pierre-Jean , Lamour Billy , Michaud Dany , Valiquette Denis , Meango Jean-Marc , Côté Alain , Loiselle Georges , Moisan Éric
Published: May 2024

Contemporary electrical utilities are part of critical national infrastructure and function in a complex business and operational environment. They are also complex by their internal structure, management and deployed modern technologies. As the complexity and interdependencies increase, electrical power grids face an increasing number of situations that create conditions for cascading, system-level failures caused by natural disasters, extreme weather phenomena and malicious human actions. Recent disturbances worldwide demonstrate that electrical utilities need to rethink their established approach and plan and act globally to deal with such situations, which are likely to keep recurring. New ways to cope with this new reality are needed. Combining the concepts of Asset Management (AM), Asset Integrity Management (AIM) and resilience may provide an efficient framework. To demonstrate the applicability of this approach, the current paper focuses on the evaluation, by a major North American electrical utility (Hydro-Québec), of the robustness and resilience of its transmission and distribution grids while facing a major ice storm in a large urban area. The analysis involved experts from numerous fields of expertise and collaborations with external stakeholders, such as municipality level public safety experts. The study outcomes served to increase the organizational safety awareness level in the enterprise and for the public. They also helped identify further potential improvements through optimal allocation of investment.
Asset Management Systems
Authors: Komljenovic Dragan
Published: May 2024

This section delves into the challenges associated with the development and implementation of Asset Management (AM) and Asset Management Systems (AMS) in modern organizations. These organizations typically operate within a complex business and operational environment that relies on closely interdependent systems and subsystems at both the national and the international level. The complexity is further compounded by the internal structure, management, and installed technologies of these organizations.
Integrity Management of Critical Systems
Authors: Riznic Jovica
Published: May 2024

This section emphasizes the critical importance of integrity management in safeguarding technology and systems essential for national reliability, safety, and security. Integrity management is a top priority across various sectors including energy, water, transportation, healthcare, finance, and nuclear power. Failures in critical systems within these sectors can lead to severe consequences, highlighting the necessity for robust integrity management practices. At its core, integrity management aims to ensure the reliability, security, and availability of these systems. This involves preventing unauthorized access, data corruption, and operational disruptions through the implementation of robust protocols, procedures, and technologies. Integrity management strategies must address both external threats such as cyberattacks and natural disasters, as well as internal vulnerabilities including human error and equipment failures. Central to integrity management is the development and implementation of comprehensive risk assessment frameworks. These frameworks help identify potential threats and vulnerabilities within critical systems, enabling organizations to prioritize and proactively address them. By emphasizing integrity management and leveraging risk assessment frameworks, organizations can enhance reliability, security, and resilience. This proactive approach is crucial for maintaining national reliability, safety, and security across various industries.
Real-time nearfield acoustic holography using particle velocity
Authors: Wu Wen-Yuan , Zhang Xiao-Zheng , Zhang Yong-Bin , Bi Chuan-Xing
Published: May 2024

In this paper, a series of impulse response functions between acoustic quantities on the source plane and particle velocity on the hologram plane are derived. In virtue of these functions, real-time nearfield acoustic holography (RT-NAH) is extended from pressure-based to particle velocity. Pressure, normal velocity, acceleration, and displacement radiated from planar sources can be reconstructed by measuring time-dependent particle velocity signals on the hologram plane. A simulation of an excited aluminum plate is performed to evaluate the difference in accuracy between RT-NAHs based on pressure and based on particle velocity. This study also examines the impact of impulse response functions on the reconstruction results, allowing for detailed analysis of the reconstruction accuracy based on these functions. The simulation results demonstrate that using RT-NAH based on particle velocity obtains significantly higher-accuracy reconstruction results when reconstructing normal velocity and displacement and slightly more accurate reconstructed pressure and normal acceleration.
P3N-PIPO
but not
P3
is the avirulence determinant in melon carrying the
Wmr
resistance against watermelon mosaic virus, although they contain a common genetic determinant
Authors: Sun Zhen , Wu Yu-Xuan , Liu Ling-Zhi , Tian Yan-Ping , Li Xiang-Dong , Geng Chao
Published: May 2024

Viruses employ a series of diverse translational strategies to expand their coding capacity, which produces viral proteins with common domains and entangles virus-host interactions. P3N-PIPO, which is a transcriptional slippage product from the
P3
cistron, is a potyviral protein dedicated to intercellular movement. Here, we show that P3N-PIPO from watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) triggers cell death when transiently expressed in
Cucumis melo
accession
PI 414723
carrying the
Wmr
resistance gene. Surprisingly, expression of the P3N domain, shared by both P3N-PIPO and P3, can alone induce cell death, whereas expression of P3 fails to activate cell death in PI 414723. Confocal microscopy analysis revealed that P3N-PIPO targets plasmodesmata (PD) and P3N associates with PD, while P3 localizes in endoplasmic reticulum in melon cells. We also found that mutations in residues L35, L38, P41, and I43 of the P3N domain individually disrupt the cell death induced by P3N-PIPO, but do not affect the PD localization of P3N-PIPO. Furthermore, WMV mutants with L35A or I43A can systemically infect PI 414723 plants. These key residues guide us to discover some WMV isolates potentially breaking the
Wmr
resistance. Through searching the NCBI database, we discovered some WMV isolates with variations in these key sites, and one naturally occurring I43V variation enables WMV to systemically infect PI 414723 plants. Taken together, these results demonstrate that P3N-PIPO, but not P3, is the avirulence determinant recognized by Wmr, although the shared N terminal P3N domain can alone trigger cell death.

IMPORTANCE

This work reveals a novel viral avirulence (Avr) gene recognized by a resistance (R) gene. This novel viral Avr gene is special because it is a transcriptional slippage product from another virus gene, which means that their encoding proteins share the common N-terminal domain but have distinct C-terminal domains. Amazingly, we found that it is the common N-terminal domain that determines the Avr-R recognition, but only one of the viral proteins can be recognized by the R protein to induce cell death. Next, we found that these two viral proteins target different subcellular compartments. In addition, we discovered some virus isolates with variations in the common N-terminal domain and one naturally occurring variation that enables the virus to overcome the resistance. These results show how viral proteins with common domains interact with a host resistance protein and provide new evidence for the arms race between plants and viruses.