bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computational refocusing in phase-unstable polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography
Authors: Ruiz-Lopera Sebastián , Restrepo René , Cannon Taylor M. , Villiger Martin , Bouma Brett E. , Uribe-Patarroyo Néstor
Published: August 2023

We present computational refocusing in polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) to improve spatial resolution in the calculated polarimetric parameters and extend the depth-of-field in phase-unstable, fiber-based PS-OCT systems. To achieve this, we successfully adapted short A-line range phase-stability adaptive optics (SHARP), a computational aberration correction technique compatible with phase-unstable systems, into a Stokes-based PS-OCT system with inter-A-line polarization modulation. Together with the spectral binning technique to mitigate system-induced chromatic polarization effects, we show that computational refocusing improves image quality in tissue polarimetry of swine eye anterior segment ex vivo with PS-OCT. The benefits, drawbacks, and potential applications of computational refocusing in anterior segment imaging are discussed.
Variation of Structured Laser Beam pattern and optimization for an alignment reference line creation
Authors: Niewiem Witold , Polak Krystof , Dusek Martin , Mergelkuhl Dirk , Gayde Jean-Christophe , Wieser Andreas , Sulc Miroslav
Published: August 2023

The alignment of particle accelerators demands a dedicated measurement system based on a straight-line reference. This straight line can be provided by a laser beam. The alignment then involves accurately measuring the offset of accelerator components with respect to this light path. In order to be efficient, the laser beam needs to serve as a stable and straight reference for distances of several hundreds of meters. The attainable accuracy depends, among other parameters, on the laser spot size, which should ideally change very little over the distances at which the alignment system needs to operate. Due to the significant divergence of Gaussian laser beams, we propose using a Structured Laser Beam (SLB) for alignment. Its transversal intensity profile is similar to a Bessel beam and consists of an intense inner core (IC) and concentric rings. The divergence of the IC, i.e., the growth of its size with distance, can be limited to 10 μrad using a favorable generator configuration. Thus an SLB may be suitable as a straight-line reference for long-distance alignment applications. However, the SLB is distorted if obstructions cover parts of the outermost ring (OR) of the beam within, which should therefore also be small. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between the size of the IC and OR depending on the design parameters of the SLB generator. We use numerical simulations and experiments with different generators over distances up to 50 m to analyze the transversal intensity profile and wavefronts of different SLBs. The results indicate the general suitability of an SLB as a reference line for long-distance alignment but also expose tradeoffs between small IC and small OR. The findings outlined in the paper help to describe the optimal SLB parameters for given conditions.
A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to optimize the dosage regimen and withdrawal time of cefquinome in pigs
Authors: Mi Kun , Sun Lei , Hou Yixuan , Cai Xin , Zhou Kaixiang , Ma Wenjin , Xu Xiangyue , Pan Yuanhu , Liu Zhenli , Huang Lingli
Published: August 2023

Cefquinome is widely used to treat respiratory tract diseases of swine. While extra-label dosages of cefquinome could improve clinical efficacy, they might lead to excessively high residues in animal-derived food. In this study, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was calibrated based on the published data and a microdialysis experiment to assess the dosage efficiency and food safety. For the microdialysis experiment,in vitro/in vivorelative recovery and concentration-time curves of cefquinome in the lung interstitium were investigated. This PBPK model is available to predict the drug concentrations in the muscle, kidney, liver, plasma, and lung interstitial fluid. Concentration-time curves of 1000 virtual animals in different tissues were simulated by applying sensitivity and Monte Carlo analyses. By integrating pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target parameters, cefquinome delivered at 3–5 mg/kg twice daily is advised for the effective control of respiratory tract infections of nursery pig, which the bodyweight is around 25 kg. Based on the predicted cefquinome concentrations in edible tissues, the withdrawal interval is 2 and 3 days for label and the extra-label doses, respectively. This study provides a useful tool to optimize the dosage regimen of cefquinome against respiratory tract infections and predicts the concentration of cefquinome residues in edible tissues. This information would be helpful to improve the food safety and guide rational drug usage.
Proportion of Ugandans with pre-pandemic SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses: A pilot study
Authors: Namuniina Annemarie , Muyanja Enoch S. , Biribawa Victoria M. , Okech Brenda A. , Ssemaganda Aloysious , Price Matt A. , Hills Nancy , Nanteza Ann , Bagaya Bernard Ssentalo , Weiskopf Daniela , Riou Catherine , Reynolds Steven J. , Galiwango Ronald M. , Redd Andrew D.
Published: August 2023

The estimated mortality rate of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic varied greatly around the world. In particular, multiple countries in East, Central, and West Africa had significantly lower rates of COVID-19 related fatalities than many resource-rich nations with significantly earlier wide-spread access to life-saving vaccines. One possible reason for this lower mortality could be the presence of pre-existing cross-reactive immunological responses in these areas of the world. To explore this hypothesis, an exploratory study of stored peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from Ugandans collected from 2015–2017 prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 29) and from hospitalized Ugandan COVID-19 patients (n = 3) were examined using flow-cytometry for the presence of pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell populations using four T-cell epitope mega pools. Of pre-pandemic participants, 89.7% (26/29) had either CD4+ or CD8+, or both, SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell responses. Specifically, CD4+ T-cell reactivity (72.4%) and CD8+ T-cell reactivity (65.5%) were relatively similar, and 13 participants (44.8%) had both types of cross-reactive types of T-cells present. There were no significant differences in response by sex in the population, however this may be in part due to the limited sample size examined. The rates of cross-reactive T-cell populations in this exploratory Ugandan population appears higher than previous estimates from resource-rich countries like the United States (20–50% reactivity). It is unclear what role, if any, this cross-reactivity played in decreasing COVID-19 related mortality in Uganda and other African countries, but does suggest that a better understanding of global pre-existing immunological cross-reactivity could be an informative data of epidemiological intelligence moving forward.
Toward 70% cervical cancer screening coverage: Technical challenges and opportunities to increase access to human papillomavirus (HPV) testing
Authors: Kundrod Kathryn A. , Jeronimo Jose , Vetter Beatrice , Maza Mauricio , Murenzi Gad , Phoolcharoen Natacha , Castle Philip E.
Published: August 2023

The World Health Organization (WHO) has called for the elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem. Cervical cancer screening through human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is a core component of the strategy for elimination, with a set target of screening 70% of women twice in their lifetimes. In this review, we discuss technical barriers and opportunities to increase HPV screening globally.
COVID-19 in the US-affiliated Pacific Islands: A timeline of events and lessons learned from March 2020–November 2022
Authors: Cash McGinley Haley L. , Hancock W. Thane , Kern-Allely Stephanie , Jenssen Melissa , Chutaro Emi , Camacho Janet , Judicpa Pedro , Okumura Kazuhiro , Muñoz Nick , Ademokun Oluwatomiloba M. , Brostrom Richard
Published: August 2023

The US-Affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPIs) experience many health disparities, including high rates of non-communicable disease and limited health resources, making them particularly vulnerable when SARS-CoV-2 began circulating globally in early 2020. Therefore, many USAPIs closed their borders early during the COVID-19 pandemic to give them more time to prepare for community transmission. Routine virtual meetings were established and maintained throughout the pandemic to support preparedness and response efforts and to share information among USAPIs and support partners. Data collected from these regular virtual meetings were gathered and disseminated through routine regional situational reports. These situational reports from March 27, 2020 to November 25, 2022 were reviewed to develop a quantitative dataset with qualitative notes that were used to summarize the COVID-19 response in the USAPIs. The initial surges of COVID-19 in the USAPIs ranged from August 2020 in Guam to August 2022 in the Federated States of Micronesia. This prolonged time between initial surges in the region was due to varying approaches regarding travel requirements, including fully closed borders, repatriation efforts requiring pre-travel quarantine and testing, quarantine requirements upon arrival only, and vaccine mandates. Delaying community transmission allowed USAPIs to establish testing capacity, immunize large proportions of their populations, and use novel COVID-19 therapeutics to reduce severe disease and mortality. Other essential components to support the USAPI regional COVID-19 response efforts included strong partnership and collaboration, regional information sharing and communication efforts, and trust in health leadership among community members. Valuable lessons learned from the USAPIs during the COVID-19 pandemic can be used to continue to strengthen systems within the region and better prepare for future public health emergencies.
Batwa Indigenous Peoples forced eviction for “Conservation”: A qualitative examination on community impacts
Authors: Kokunda Sylvia , Nahabwe Haven , Nahamya Jeremiah , Niwamanya Samari , Mazirwe Ronald , Gougsa Samrawit , Kemigisha Elizabeth , Redvers Nicole
Published: August 2023

In 1991, the Ugandan government formally established National Parks within the ancestral homelands of the Batwa Peoples. No consultation was carried out with local Batwa communities, and they were consequently forcibly evicted from their Forest home. With this, we sought to better understand the impacts of forced Land eviction through the lens of solastalgia. Nineteen semi-structured interviews were carried out with adult Batwa Peoples of varying age and gender in Uganda from August to November 2022. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and thematic analysis was carried out on the interview transcripts to identify themes from the initial codes. Four overarching themes were identified, including: 1) Our love and connection with the Forest; 2) What was left in the Forest when we were evicted; 3) What eviction from the Forest did to us as Batwa Peoples; and 4) Batwa People’s Landback and returning to the Forest (‘Indigenous Lands back into Indigenous hands’). As movement towards the global “30 by 30” conservation agenda occurs, we urge researchers, policy makers, and leaders to listen to the voices of Indigenous Peoples like the Batwa with a key focus on Landback and movement towards a clearer understanding and appreciation of the impacts of Western conservation agendas on Indigenous Peoples globally.
Towards the invasion of wild and rural forested areas in Gabon (Central Africa) by the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus: Potential risks from the one health perspective
Authors: Obame-Nkoghe Judicaël , Roiz David , Ngangue Marc-Flaubert , Costantini Carlo , Rahola Nil , Jiolle Davy , Lehmann David , Makaga Loïc , Ayala Diego , Kengne Pierre , Paupy Christophe
Published: August 2023

Background

Since its first record in urban areas of Central-Africa in the 2000s, the invasive mosquito, Aedes albopictus, has spread throughout the region, including in remote villages in forested areas, causing outbreaks of Aedes-borne diseases, such as dengue and chikungunya. Such invasion might enhance Ae. albopictus interactions with wild animals in forest ecosystems and favor the spillover of zoonotic arboviruses to humans.

The aim of this study was to monitor Ae. albopictus spread in the wildlife reserve of La Lopé National Park (Gabon), and evaluate the magnitude of the rainforest ecosystem colonization.

Methodology

From 2014 to 2018, we used ovitraps, larval surveys, BG-Sentinel traps, and human landing catches along an anthropization gradient from La Lopé village to the natural forest in the Park.

Conclusions

We detected Ae. albopictus in gallery forest up to 15 km away from La Lopé village. However, Ae. albopictus was significantly more abundant at anthropogenic sites than in less anthropized areas. The number of eggs laid by Ae. albopictus decreased progressively with the distance from the forest fringe up to 200m inside the forest. Our results suggested that in forest ecosystems, high Ae. albopictus density is mainly observed at interfaces between anthropized and natural forested environments. Additionally, our data suggested that Ae. albopictus may act as a bridge vector of zoonotic pathogens between wild and anthropogenic compartments.
Determinants of non-adherence to home injury prevention practice among parents of under-five children in North Seberang Perai district, Penang: A mixed-methods study protocol
Authors: Rahim Nurul Iman Abdul , Kadir Shahar Hayati , Zulkefli Nor Afiah Mohd , Mohd Nazan Ahmad Iqmer Nashriq
Published: August 2023

Background

Unintentional injury is a global burden that occurs everywhere, including in our homes. Young children are most vulnerable to home injuries because they still develop their physical and psychological skills and spend most of their time at home. Despite being largely preventable, three consecutive national surveys show no reduction in the rate of injury among children under five. More surprisingly, children from high-income families were found to have the highest incidence of injury, contradicting the findings from other countries.

Objective

This study aims to identify the determinants of non-adherence to unintentional home injury prevention practice among parents of under-five children in the North Seberang Perai district, Penang.

Methods

This sequential explanatory mixed-methods study consists of two phases consisting of a quantitative study which looks into respondents and their child’s sociodemographic status, their home injury prevention practice and the independent variables, followed by a qualitative study that interviews parents with non-adherence to home injury prevention practice and explore their barriers. In phase I, the parent or primary caregiver of a child age less than five years old who age 18 or older and is a Malaysian will be included in the study while being disabled or having a severe psychiatric disorder or having the index child diagnosed with chronic disease will make them not eligible to participate in the study. Derived using the two-group proportion formula, a sample size of 453 parents will be sampled among those with under-five children following up at the Maternal Child Health Department in the health clinics of North Seberang Perai using stratified systematic sampling. Chi-square/Fisher Exact test, simple logistic regression and multiple logistic regression will be used for data analysis. The sample will be stratified according to household income to look for associated factors and determinants of low prevention practice. In phase II, parents with a low score from the quantitative study will be selected to participate in the qualitative study using purposive sampling. A semi-structured interview using the help of an interview guide will be carried out and recorded with a voice recorder. The thematic analysis approach will be used to analyse the qualitative data.

Results

The study has been registered under the National Medical Research Registry.

Conclusion

It is hoped that findings from this study can shed light on the barriers faced by under-five parents in carrying out preventive measures at home.
cyjShiny: A cytoscape.js R Shiny Widget for network visualization and analysis
Authors: Luna Augustin , Shah Omar , Sander Chris , Shannon Paul
Published: August 2023

cyjShiny is an open-source R package that allows users to embed network visualization into Shiny apps and R Markdown documents. cyjShiny (https://github.com/cytoscape/cyjShiny) builds on the cytoscape.js Javascript graph library. Additionally, the package provides helper functions to convert common R data representations (e.g., data.frame) into forms compatible with cytoscape.js.
Impact of dissolved CO2 on calcification in two large, benthic foraminiferal species
Authors: Dämmer Linda Karoline , Ivkić Angelina , de Nooijer Lennart , Renema Willem , Webb Alice E. , Reichart Gert-Jan
Published: August 2023

Rising atmospheric CO2 shifts the marine inorganic carbonate system and decreases seawater pH, a process often abbreviated to ‘ocean acidification’. Since acidification decreases the saturation state for crystalline calcium carbonate (e.g., calcite and aragonite), rising dissolved CO2 levels will either increase the energy demand for calcification or reduce the total amount of CaCO3 precipitated. Here we report growth of two large benthic photosymbiont-bearing foraminifera, Heterostegina depressa and Amphistegina lessonii, cultured at four different ocean acidification scenarios (400, 700, 1000 and 2200 ppm atmospheric pCO2). Using the alkalinity anomaly technique, we calculated the amount of calcium carbonate precipitated during the incubation and found that both species produced the most carbonate at intermediate CO2 levels. The chamber addition rates for each of the conditions were also determined and matched the changes in alkalinity. These results were complemented by micro-CT scanning of selected specimens to visualize the effect of CO2 on growth. The increased chamber addition rates at elevated CO2 concentrations suggest that both foraminifera species can take advantage of the increased availability of the inorganic carbon, despite a lower saturation state. This adds to the growing number of reports showing the variable response of foraminifera to elevated CO2 concentrations, which is likely a consequence of differences in calcification mechanisms.
Measuring the popularity of football players with Google Trends
Authors: Malagón-Selma Pilar , Debón Ana , Domenech Josep
Published: August 2023

Google Trends is a valuable tool for measuring popularity since it collects a large amount of information related to Google searches. However, Google Trends has been underused by sports analysts. This research proposes a novel method to calculate several popularity indicators for predicting players’ market value. Google Trends was used to calculate six popularity indicators by requesting information about two football players simultaneously and creating popularity layers to compare players of unequal popularity. In addition, as the main idea is to obtain the popularity indicators of all players on the same scale, a cumulative conversion factor was used to rescale these indicators. The results show that the proposed popularity indicators are essential to predicting a player’s market value. In addition, using the proposed popularity indicators decreases the transfer fee prediction error for three different models that are fitted to the data using the multiple linear regression, random forest, and gradient boosting machine methods. The popularity indicatorMin, which is a robust reflection of the popularity that represents a player’s popularity during the periods when they are less popular, is the most important popularity indicator, with a significant effect on the market value. This research provides practical guidance for developing and incorporating the proposed indicators, which could be applied in sports analytics and in any study in which popularity is relevant.
Effectiveness of dual active ingredient insecticide-treated nets in preventing malaria: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Barker Timothy Hugh , Stone Jennifer C. , Hasanoff Sabira , Price Carrie , Kabaghe Alinune , Munn Zachary
Published: August 2023

Malaria vectors have demonstrated resistance to pyrethroid-based insecticides used in insecticide-treated nets, diminishing their effectiveness. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated two forms of dual active-ingredient (DAI) insecticide-treated nets (ITN(s)) for malaria prevention. A comprehensive search was conducted on July 6th 2022. The databases searched included PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, amongst others. Trials were eligible if they were conducted in a region with ongoing malaria transmission. The first DAI ITN investigated were those that combined a pyrethroid with a non-pyrethroid insecticides. The second DAI ITN investigated were that combined a pyrethroid with an insect growth regulator. These interventions were compared against either a pyrethroid-only ITN, or ITNs treated with pyrethroid and piperonyl-butoxide. Assessment of risk of bias was conducted in duplicate using the Cochrane risk of bias 2 tool for cluster-randomised trials. Summary data was extracted using a custom data-extraction instrument. This was conducted by authors THB, JCS and SH. Malaria case incidence was the primary outcome and has been meta-analysed, adverse events were narratively synthesised. The review protocol is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022333044). From 9494 records, 48 reports were screened and 13 reports for three studies were included. These studies contained data from 186 clusters and all reported a low risk of bias. Compared to pyrethroid-only ITNs, clusters that received pyrethroid-non-pyrethroid DAI ITNs were associated with 305 fewer cases per 1000-person years (from 380 fewer cases to 216 fewer cases) (IRR = 0.55, 95%CI: 0.44–0.68). However, this trend was not observed in clusters that received pyrethroid-insect growth regulator ITNs compared to pyrethroid-only ITNs (from 280 fewer cases to 135 more) (IRR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.73–1.13). Pyrethroid-non-pyrethroid DAI ITNs demonstrated consistent reductions in malaria case incidence and other outcomes across multiple comparisons. Pyrethroid-non-pyrethroid DAI ITNs may present a novel intervention for the control of malaria.
Link between the aboveground and belowground biomass allocation with growing of Tamarix sp. seedlings in the hinterland of Taklimakan Desert, China
Authors: Erkin Flora , Yue Dai , Abdureyim Anwar , Huang Wanyuan , Tayir Mawlida
Published: August 2023

The morphological characteristics and biomass allocation can reflect plant adaptive strategies to the environment. Tamarix sp. is an excellent shrub species used for windbreaks and fixing sand in the desert of northwest China. The successful establishment of Tamarix sp. seedlings and their growth into mature individuals require their adaptation to various environmental conditions, which is the key to naturally regenerating the Tamarix population. To clarify the root morphological characteristics, leaf structural characters, and biomass allocation of Tamarix sp. seedlings in response to drought conditions, we took the Tamarix sp. seedlings at the Daryaboyi oasis in the hinterland of Taklimakan Desert as the object of study, analyzed rooting depth, root dry weight (RDW), specific root length (SRL), root surface area (RA), specific root area (SRA), leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA) and root: shoot ratio (R:S ratio). The gravimetric soil water content varied from 5.80% to 25.84% in this study area. The taproots of Tamarix sp seedlings with small basal stem diameters were shallower and had few lateral root branches and Tamarix sp. seedlings with large basal stem diameters had more obvious taproots and lateral roots. With the growth of Tamarix sp. seedlings, the taproot deepened, and the values ranged from 4.5 cm to 108.0 cm; the SRL, SRA, and SLA decreased, and the ranges of the values were 28.92–478.79 cm·g-1, 1.07–458.50 cm2·g-1, and 24.48–50.7 cm2·g-1; the RDW, RA, and LA increased, the ranges of the values were 0.16–21.34 g, 3.42–328.04 cm2, and 2.41–694.45 cm2; the more biomass was allocated to the aboveground parts, and the mean R: S ratio was 0.76. In better soil water conditions, the root growth rate decreased as Tamarix sp. seedlings grew, and more biomass was allocated to the aboveground. This further showed that stable surface water is highly significant to the biomass allocation strategy of Tamarix sp. seedlings.
Recovery from acute hypoxia: A systematic review of cognitive and physiological responses during the ‘hypoxia hangover’
Authors: Shaw David M. , Bloomfield Peter M. , Benfell Anthony , Hughes Isadore , Gant Nicholas
Published: August 2023

Recovery of cognitive and physiological responses following a hypoxic exposure may not be considered in various operational and research settings. Understanding recovery profiles and influential factors can guide post-hypoxia restrictions to reduce the risk of further cognitive and physiological deterioration, and the potential for incidents and accidents. We systematically evaluated the available evidence on recovery of cognitive and basic physiological responses following an acute hypoxic exposure to improve understanding of the performance and safety implications, and to inform post-hypoxia restrictions. This systematic review summarises 30 studies that document the recovery of either a cognitive or physiological index from an acute hypoxic exposure. Titles and abstracts from PubMed (MEDLINE) and Scopus were searched from inception to July 2022, of which 22 full text articles were considered eligible. An additional 8 articles from other sources were identified and also considered eligible. The overall quality of evidence was moderate (average Rosendal score, 58%) and there was a large range of hypoxic exposures. Heart rate, peripheral blood haemoglobin-oxygen saturation and heart rate variability typically normalised within seconds-to-minutes following return to normoxia or hyperoxia. Whereas, cognitive performance, blood pressure, cerebral tissue oxygenation, ventilation and electroencephalogram indices could persist for minutes-to-hours following a hypoxic exposure, and one study suggested regional cerebral tissue oxygenation requires up to 24 hours to recover. Full recovery of most cognitive and physiological indices, however, appear much sooner and typically within ~2–4 hours. Based on these findings, there is evidence to support a ‘hypoxia hangover’ and a need to implement restrictions following acute hypoxic exposures. The severity and duration of these restrictions is unclear but should consider the population, subsequent requirement for safety-critical tasks and hypoxic exposure.
Prediction model with multi-point relationship fusion via graph convolutional network: A case study on mining-induced surface subsidence
Authors: Jiang Baoxing , Zhang Kun , Liu Xiaopeng , Lu Yuxi
Published: August 2023

Accurate prediction of surface subsidence is of significance for analyzing the pattern of mining-induced surface subsidence, and for mining under buildings, railways, and water bodies. To address the problem that the existing prediction models ignore the correlation between subsidence points, resulting in large prediction errors, a Multi-point Relationship Fusion prediction model based on Graph Convolutional Networks (MRF-GCN) for mining-induced subsidence was proposed. Taking the surface subsidence in 82/83 mining area of Yuandian No. 2 Mine in Anhui Province in eastern China as an example, the surface deformation data obtained from 250 InSAR images captured by Sentinel-1A satellite from 2018 to 2022, combined with GNSS observation data, were used for modeling. The deformation pattern of each single observation point was obtained by feeding their deformation observation data into the LSTM encoder, after that, the relationship graph was created based on the correlation between points in the observation network and MRF-GCN was established. Then the prediction results came out through a nonlinear activation function of neural network. The research shows that the R2R2 value of MRF-GCN model was 0.865 0, much larger than that of Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) and other conventional models, while mean square error (MSE) of MRF-GCN model was 1.59 899, much smaller than that of LSTM and other conventional models. Therefore, the MRF-GCN model has better prediction accuracy than other models and can be applied to predicting surface subsidence in large areas.
GraphTS: Graph-represented time series for subsequence anomaly detection
Authors: Zarei Roozbeh , Huang Guangyan , Wu Junfeng
Published: August 2023

Automatic detection of subsequence anomalies (i.e., an abnormal waveform denoted by a sequence of data points) in time series is critical in a wide variety of domains. However, most existing methods for subsequence anomaly detection often require knowing the length and the total number of anomalies in time series. Some methods fail to capture recurrent subsequence anomalies due to using only local or neighborhood information for anomaly detection. To address these limitations, in this paper, we propose a novel graph-represented time series (GraphTS) method for discovering subsequence anomalies. In GraphTS, we provide a new concept of time series graph representation model, which represents both recurrent and rare patterns in a time series. Particularly, in GraphTS, we develop a new 2D time series visualization (2Dviz) method, which compacts all 1D time series patterns into a 2D spatial temporal space. The 2Dviz method transfers time series patterns into a higher-resolution plot for easier sequence anomaly recognition (or detecting subsequence anomalies). Then, a Graph is constructed based on the 2D spatial temporal space of time series to capture recurrent and rare subsequence patterns effectively. The represented Graph also can be used to discover single and recurrent subsequence anomalies with arbitrary lengths. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy and efficiency.
How to understand high global food price? Using SHAP to interpret machine learning algorithm
Authors: Han Xiao , Yuan Tong , Wang Donghui , Zhao Zheng , Gong Bing
Published: August 2023

The global food prices have surged to historical highs, and there is no consensus on the reasons behind this round of price increases in academia. Based on theoretical analysis, this study uses monthly data from January 2000 to May 2022 and machine learning models to examine the root causes of that period’s global food price surge and global food security situation. The results show that: Firstly, the increase in the supply of US dollars and the rise in oil prices during pandemic are the two most important variables affecting food prices. The unlimited quantitative easing monetary policy of the US dollar is the primary factor driving the global food price surge, and the alternating impact of oil prices and excessive US dollar liquidity are key features of the surge. Secondly, in the context of the global food shortage, the impact of food production reduction and demand growth expectations on food prices will further increase. Thirdly, attention should be paid to potential agricultural import supply chain risks arising from international uncertainty factors such as the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict. The Russian-Ukrainian conflict has profoundly impacted the global agricultural supply chain, and crude oil and fertilizers have gradually become the main driving force behind the rise in food prices.
Abundant, diverse, unknown: Extreme species richness and turnover despite drastic undersampling in two closely placed tropical Malaise traps
Authors: Chimeno Caroline , Schmidt Stefan , Cancian de Araujo Bruno , Perez Kate , von Rintelen Thomas , Schmidt Olga , Hamid Hasmiandy , Pramesa Narakusumo Raden , Balke Michael
Published: August 2023

Arthropods account for a large proportion of animal biomass and diversity in terrestrial systems, making them crucial organisms in our environments. However, still too little is known about the highly abundant and megadiverse groups that often make up the bulk of collected samples, especially in the tropics. With molecular identification techniques ever more evolving, analysis of arthropod communities has accelerated. In our study, which was conducted within the Global Malaise trap Program (GMP) framework, we operated two closely placed Malaise traps in Padang, Sumatra, for three months. We analyzed the samples by DNA barcoding and sequenced a total of more than 70,000 insect specimens. For sequence clustering, we applied three different delimitation techniques, namely RESL, ASAP, and SpeciesIdentifier, which gave similar results. Despite our (very) limited sampling in time and space, our efforts recovered more than 10,000 BINs, of which the majority are associated with “dark taxa”. Further analysis indicates a drastic undersampling of both sampling sites, meaning that the true arthropod diversity at our sampling sites is even higher. Regardless of the close proximity of both Malaise traps (< 360 m), we discovered significantly distinct communities.
Genetic diversity, phylogenetic and phylogeographic analysis of Anopheles culicifacies species complex using ITS2 and COI sequences
Authors: Rathnayake R. A. S. , Wedage W. M. M. , Muthukumarana L. S. , De Silva B. G. D. N. K.
Published: August 2023

Anopheles culicifacies is the major vector of malaria in Sri Lanka and the Indian subcontinent which is characterized as a species complex with five sibling species provisionally designated as A, B, C, D and E. The current study was carried out to understand the phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships between the sibling species of the species complex while observing their genetic diversity and genetic differentiation. Thirty-five ITS2 and seventy-seven COI sequences of An. culicifacies species complex reported from different geographical locations of Asia and China at the NCBI public database were used for the analysis. Bayesian likelihood trees were generated for the phylogenetic analysis. The divergence of the species complex was obtained from the Bayesian phylogeographic model in BEAST. There were two clades of the sibling species of An. culicifacies species complex as A, D and B, C and E in both phylogenetic and phylogeographic analysis using ITS2 sequences. Based on the highly divergent COI sequences and the high mutation rate of the mitochondrial genome, there were four and three clades in both phylogenetic and phylogeographic analysis using COI sequences. The diversification of An. culicifacies species complex was obtained as ranging from 20.25 to 24.12 Mya and 22.37 to 26.22 Mya based on ITS2 and COI phylogeographic analysis respectively. There was a recent diversification of the sibling species A and D than the sibling species B, C and E. Low haplotype diversity was observed in the sequences reported from Sri Lanka in both ITS2 and COI analysis that can be due to bottlenecks resulting from the intense malaria control efforts. A high genetic differentiation was achieved for some populations due to the large geographical distance. The high genetic diversity based on the five sibling species implies the possibility of maintaining a relatively high effective population size despite the vector control efforts.
Role of hepcidin upregulation and proteolytic cleavage of ferroportin 1 in hepatitis C virus-induced iron accumulation
Authors: Ohta Kazuyoshi , Ito Masahiko , Chida Takeshi , Nakashima Kenji , Sakai Satoshi , Kanegae Yumi , Kawasaki Hideya , Aoshima Takuya , Takabayashi Shuji , Takahashi Hirotaka , Kawata Kazuhito , Shoji Ikuo , Sawasaki Tatsuya , Suda Takafumi , Suzuki Tetsuro
Published: August 2023

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a pathogen characterized not only by its persistent infection leading to the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but also by metabolic disorders such as lipid and iron dysregulation. Elevated iron load is commonly observed in the livers of patients with chronic hepatitis C, and hepatic iron overload is a highly profibrogenic and carcinogenic factor that increases the risk of HCC. However, the underlying mechanisms of elevated iron accumulation in HCV-infected livers remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we observed iron accumulation in cells and liver tissues under HCV infection and in mice expressing viral proteins from recombinant adenoviruses. We established two molecular mechanisms that contribute to increased iron load in cells caused by HCV infection. One is the transcriptional induction of hepcidin, the key hormone for modulating iron homeostasis. The transcription factor cAMP-responsive element-binding protein hepatocyte specific (CREBH), which was activated by HCV infection, not only directly recognizes the hepcidin promoter but also induces bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) expression, resulting in an activated BMP-SMAD pathway that enhances hepcidin promoter activity. The other is post-translational regulation of the iron-exporting membrane protein ferroportin 1 (FPN1), which is cleaved between residues Cys284 and Ala285 in the intracytoplasmic loop region of the central portion mediated by HCV NS3-4A serine protease. We propose that host transcriptional activation triggered by endoplasmic reticulum stress and FPN1 cleavage by viral protease work in concert to impair iron efflux, leading to iron accumulation in HCV-infected cells.
Contribuições do método cartográfico para a educação: a sala de aula como lugar de invenção
Authors: Picchioni Marta Serra Young
Published: August 2023

A cartografia, pensada por Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari, tem sido utilizada por diferentes campos do saber como um método de pesquisa que se desloca das etapas lineares e pré-concebidas para dar lugar aos processos, com todos as marcas de imprevisibilidade e transitoriedade que os atravessam. Nesse sentido, pode ser considerada uma espécie de antimétodo, já que um de seus princípios fundamentais é a disponibilidade aos encontros, sempre únicos e singulares e, nessa medida, não replicáveis. Aqui, a medição exata de variáveis ou a separação binária entre sujeito e objeto de pesquisa já não se sustentam, pois o fazer cartográfico só acontece no encontro entre campos de forças de agentes e paisagem, ou seja, em ato. No presente artigo, proponho que pensemos nas contribuições desse método para o campo da educação, tomando a escola como paisagem e os profissionais da educação e estudantes como agentes que fazem do ato educativo um lugar de invenção.
Abordagem das Artes afro-brasileiras e africanas na BNCC: reflexões a partir da lei 10.639/03
Authors: Góes Washington Lopes
Published: August 2023

Esse trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma reflexão acerca da abordagem das Artes afro-brasileiras e africanas na Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) do Ensino Fundamental II à luz da Lei 10.639/03. Para tal, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica calcada no exame de artigos acadêmicos, livros, documentos, leis e normas oficiais que incidem nas formulações de políticas, planos e sistemas educativos. Foi possível chegar aos seguintes resultados: os estudos demonstraram que as abordagens referentes ao ensino da história e cultura africana e afro-brasileira no componente Artes quase nada estão contempladas na BNCC; problematizações acerca das questões estruturais e institucionais que são bases para uma cultura racista não estão presentes no documento.  Palavras-chave: Lei 10.639/03 – Cultura Africana e Afro-brasileira – BNCC – Artes – Ensino Fundamental
Literatura na escola: um relato de experiência de formação docente por meio da leitura compartilhada
Authors: Maldonado Luís Renato Silva
Published: August 2023

Esta produção trata do relato de experiência de formação docente realizada em escola da rede estadual paulista por meio da estratégia do clube de leitura. O projeto foi concebido apoiado em uma compreensão da escola enquanto organização aprendente, sob a liderança pedagógica da gestão escolar, que assume a responsabilidade de propor e conduzir projetos capazes de impulsionar o diálogo e interação dos sujeitos. Apoia-se também em uma concepção de leitura literária como estratégia de letramento e formação docente.O projeto estendeu-se por um ano, período no qual os participantes realizaram quatro leituras de autores e propostas diversas. Ao final, os docentes responderam a um questionário cujo objetivo foi verificar se a experiência foi capaz de impactar as práticas de leitura, ampliar repertório, desenvolver novos recursos didáticos que relacionassem a leitura e o fazer docente, bem como avaliar o projeto no que se refere à formação continuada. A análise dos questionários demonstrou que o clube proporcionou um espaço de enriquecimento cultural, aprendizado e produção de conhecimento, no qual professoras/es puderam expressar livremente ideias, ampliar o convívio e desenvolver outros modos de sociabilidade. Por fim, os professores indicaram de modo explícito e consensual o desejo da continuidade da experiência do clube de leitura para o ano letivo seguinte, o que expressa o acolhimento e potência da estratégia formativa.
Literatura na escola: um relato de experiência de formação docente por meio da leitura compartilhada.
Authors: Maldonado Luís Renato Silva
Published: August 2023

Esta produção trata do relato de experiência de formação docente realizada em escola da rede estadual paulista por meio da estratégia do clube de leitura. O projeto foi concebido apoiado em uma compreensão da escola enquanto organização aprendente, conforme Hargreaves e Fullan, 2000, sob a liderança pedagógica da gestão escolar, que assume a responsabilidade de propor e conduzir projetos capazes de impulsionar o diálogo e interação dos sujeitos. Apoia-se também na leitura literária como estratégia de letramento e formação docente (ROUXEL, 2012, KLEIN, 1995, ALMEIDA, 2008). O projeto estendeu-se por um ano, período no qual os participantes realizaram quatro leituras de autores e propostas diversas. Ao final, os docentes responderam a um questionário cujo objetivo foi verificar se a experiência foi capaz de impactar as práticas de leitura, ampliar repertório, desenvolver novos recursos didáticos querelacionassem a leitura e o fazer docente, bem como avaliar o projeto no que se refere à formação continuada. A análise dos questionários demonstrou que o clube proporcionou um espaço de enriquecimento cultural, aprendizado e produção de conhecimento, no qual professoras/es puderamexpressar livremente ideias, ampliar o convívio e desenvolver outros modos de sociabilidade. Por fim, os/as professores/ as indicaram de modo explícito e consensual o desejo da continuidade da experiência do clube de leitura para o ano letivo seguinte, o que expressa o acolhimento e potência da estratégia formativa.
A Scoping Review of Biobehavioural Interventions to Improve PrEP Continuum of Care in Latin America
Authors: Sánchez-Mendoza Vanessa , Soriano-Ayala Encarnación , Vallejo-Medina Pablo , Martinez Omar
Published: August 2023

According to the literature, biobehavioural interventions or combined strategies would reduce the risk of HIV infection by more than 7,000 new cases each day, which would contribute to the battle facing Latin America, where despite the high incidence and prevalence of HIV in the region, access to PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) is very limited. The objective of this research was, consistent with the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), to conduct a scoping review to assess the evidence of available outcome data on biobehavioural interventions and programs to address gaps in the PrEP continuum of care in Latin America. The search was conducted in the databases EBSCOhost, WoS, Scopus, and ProQuest, and include all studies published from 2010 to 2021. One hundred eighty-six studies were identified and evaluated according to the eligibility criteria in six stages starting with the elimination of duplicates until the selection of studies that met the previously mentioned criteria; at the end five studies were chosen which were submitted to the methodological quality assessment including compliance with ethical guidelines. Results show that biobehavioural interventions promoting PrEP in Latin America are effective in increasing condom use, decreasing HIV risk, and increasing PrEP awareness, uptake, adherence, and retention. The limited number of interventions in the PrEP continuum of care indicates a need for the uptake of dissemination and implementation science (D&I) frameworks. D&I could help facilitate the translation of evidence-based practices, interventions, and policies to address the HIV crisis in Latin America.
El rol de la retroalimentación en la toma de decisiones bajo riesgo en niños/as y adolescentes con Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad
Authors: Paneiva Pompa Juan Pablo , Rubiales Josefina , Bakker Liliana
Published: August 2023

Los estudios en niños/as y adolescentes con Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH) suelen evidenciar dificultades en la toma de decisiones, vinculadas con comportamientos más riesgosos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar y comparar el proceso de Toma de Decisiones Bajo Riesgo (TDBR) en niños/as y adolescentes con TDAH, considerando los tipos de retroalimentaciones utilizadas. Los tipos de retroalimentaciones se refieren al procesamiento de las consecuencias de las decisiones de los ensayos previos y a su influencia en las elecciones presentes y futuras. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo comparativo con un diseño ex post facto retrospectivo con dos grupos. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 100 niños/as y adolescentes de 8 a 15 años (68 niños y niñas de 8 a 11 años y 32 adolescentes de 12 a 16 años), divididos en grupo clínico y grupo control, pareados por sexo y edad. Para evaluar la TDBR se administró el Test de los Dados (The Game of Dice Task, GDT), la cual es una prueba informatizada en la que se deben tomar decisiones apostando para ganar puntos. Para analizar los tipos de retroalimentación se consideraron ocho tipos posibles. Los resultados evidenciaron un comportamiento con una tendencia a elegir opciones de riesgo en la población con TDAH, tanto en el tipo de elecciones realizadas como en la forma en que utilizan la retroalimentación al ganar o al perder, no vinculándose necesariamente con decisiones desfavorables. Estos hallazgos podrían contribuir al desarrollo de programas de intervención destinados a disminuir las dificultades en la toma de decisiones en personas con diagnóstico de TDAH.
Morphometry of the cold-climate Bory Stobrawskie Dune Field (SW Poland): Evidence for multi-phase Lateglacial aeolian activity within the European Sand Belt
Authors: Łopuch Michał , Zieliński Paweł , Jary Zdzisław
Published: August 2023

Aeolian dunes have been widely identified in the European Sand Belt, which was formed during the Pleniglacial and Late Glacial when cold and dry climatic conditions were favorable for intense Aeolian processes. In this study, we mapped and analyzed the fixed Bory Stobrawskie Dune Field (SW Poland) to determine factors that drive the evolution of dunes, expressed by the occurrence of different dune types and their spatial patterns. The study identified the longitudinal zonation within the dune field, as shown by the changeable proportion of specific dune types comparable to low-latitude dune fields. However, climatically controlled periodic and low sand supply combined with a changing vegetation cover caused the non-continuous and multi-phase evolution of the dune field. Additionally, we found that a dense pattern of streams has controlled the extent of the dune field. The trapping of sand by rivers led to a limitation of the dune field expansion; on the other hand, the supply of sand into rivers led to overloading of the fluvial system, affecting their transformation into braided rivers.