bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chromatography of Ribonuclease-Treated Myosin Extracts from Early Embryonic Chick Muscle
Authors: Baril Earl F. , Love David S. , Herrmann Heinz
Published: October 2006

Chromatography, on diethylaminoethyl cellulose, of leg muscle extracts from older chick embryos yields three myosin-containing fractions, whereas material from muscle extracts of 11-day embryos cannot be eluted under the same conditions. A major fraction having the adenosine triphosphotase activity characteristic of myosin can be eluted when 11-day-old embryo muscle extracts are given prior treatment with ribonuclease.
Air Concentrations of Twelve Radionuclides from 1962 through Mid-1964
Authors: Perkins R. W. , Nielsen J. M. , Thomas C. W.
Published: October 2006

New spectrometric techniques for the multidimensional counting of gamma rays permit the direct measurement of twelve radionuclides collected on air filters. Observed concentrations of Be
7
, Na
22
, Mn
54
, Co
60
, Y
88
, Zr
95
-Nb
95
, Ru
106
, Sb
124
, Sb
125
, Cs
134
, Cs
137
, and Ce
144
during the past 2½ years help to explain the origin and fallout rates of the trace radionuclides in air.
Fully Deuterated
Euglena gracilis
Authors: Mandeville S. E. , Crespi H. L. , Katz J. J.
Published: October 2006

Euglena gracilis
has been grown in 99.4 percent D
2
O on fully deuterated substrates. It is the first organism with distinct animal characteristics in which at least 99 percent of the hydrogen normally present has been replaced by deuterium.
Delayed Appearance of Labeled Protein in Isolated Nerve Endings and Axoplasmic Flow
Authors: Barondes Samuel H.
Published: October 2006

Subcellular fractions of mouse brain were prepared by differential and sucrose density-gradient centrifugation at intervals up to 130 hours after intracerebral injection of C
14
-labeled leucine. The specific activity of the nerve ending fraction continued to rise during this period. Between 2 and 130 hours after injection there was a fivefold rise in the specific activity of the soluble protein prepared by lysing the nerve ending particles with water while the specific activity of the soluble protein from the whole homogenate concomitantly fell almost by a factor of three. The data are interpreted as being consistent with the appearance of protein in nerve endings by axoplasmic flow.
Underwater Sound: Deep-Ocean Propagation
Authors: Frosch Robert A.
Published: October 2006

The absorption of sound in sea water varies markedly with frequency, being much greater at high than at low frequencies. It is sufficiently small at frequencies below several kilocycles per second, however, to permit propagation to thousands of miles.

Oceanographic factors produce variations in sound velocity with depth, and these variations have a strong influence on long-range propagation. The deep ocean is characterized by a strong channel, generally at a depth of 500 to 1500 meters. In addition to guided propagation in this channel, the velocity structure gives rise to strongly peaked propagation from surface sources to surface receivers 48 to 56 kilometers away, with strong shadow zones of weak intensity in between. The near-surface shadow zone, in the latter case, may be filled in by bottom reflections or near-surface guided propagation due to a surface isothermal layer. The near-surface shadow zones can be avoided with certainty only through locating sources and receivers deep in the ocean.
Enzootic Sendai Virus Infections in Mouse Breeder Colonies within the United States
Authors: Parker John C. , Tennant Raymond W. , Ward Thomas G. , Rowe Wallace P.
Published: October 2006

Naturally occurring enzootic infections of Sendai virus have been detected by serologic monitoring and virus isolation in mouse breeder colonies from five states in the United States of America. Six of 21 colonies tested were found to be infected with Sendai virus, and the mean incidence of infection within infected colonies was 76 percent. Forty-one of 120 attempts to isolate the virus were successful.
Mirror Display in the Squirrel Monkey,
Saimiri sciureus
Authors: MacLean Paul D.
Published: October 2006

Male squirrel monkeys may display the erect phallus under various conditions of courtship, aggression, and salutation. One variety will display consistently to its reflection in a mirror. Such display has a typical pattern and can sometimes be triggered by reflection of but one eye. A mirror display test has been designed for experimentation on the brain.
N
6
-Benzyladenine: Inhibitor of Respiratory Kinases
Authors: Tuli V. , Dilley D. R. , Wittwer S. H.
Published: October 2006

N
6
-benzyladenine, an active phytokinin, inhibits the respiration of many explants. The chemical also delays senescence and extends the postharvest life of many green or leafy vegetables. Evidence is presented that these phenomena may be linked to a competitive inhibition of the glycolytic kinases by N
6
-benzyladenine.
Reovirus Hemagglutination: Inhibition by
N
-Acetyl-D-glucosamine
Authors: Gelb Lawrence D. , Lerner A. Martin
Published: October 2006

Purified reoviruses types 1, 2, and 3 were specifically inhibited in their hemagglutination of human erythrocytes by 250 micromoles or more of
N
-acetyl-D-glucosamine but not by over 20 other sugars tested.
N
-acetyl-D-glucosamine inhibited reovirus hemagglutination by binding to capsid virus; it did not attach to the erythrocytes. It is possible that reovirus hemagglutination involves union between
N
-acetyl-D-glucosamine on the surface of the red cell and the glycoprotein of the virus coat.
Prenatal Auditory Sensitivity in Chickens and Ducks
Authors: Gottlieb Gilbert
Published: October 2006

Recordings from chick and duck fetuses inside the egg revealed an increase in the rate of bill-clapping and vocalization when the fetuses were aurally stimulated by the maternal call of their species on the day before hatching.
Chromosome Complement: Differences between
Equus caballus
and
Equus przewalskii
, Poliakoff
Authors: Benirschke K. , Malouf N. , Low R. J. , Heck H.
Published: October 2006

The chromosome number of the domestic horse is 2
n
= 64; different races have the same complement. The chromosomes of two Przewalski's horses (at Catskill Game Farm, New York), presumably ancestral wild horses from Mongolia, are identical: 2
n
= 66, with more acrocentric and fewer metacentric elements than the chromosomes of the domestic horse. This apparent difference in karyotype may help resolve the questions of "purity" in the relatively few remaining Przewalski's horses. Moreover, these findings are of interest in relation to the apparent fertility of hybrids between these species.
Control of Glutamine Synthetase in the Embryonic Retina in vitro
Authors: Moscona A. A. , Kirk David L.
Published: October 2006

Glutamine synthetase activity in the neural retina of the chick embryo increases sharply during terminal differentiation of this tissue. This characteristic increase can be reproduced in cultures of retinal tissue fragments from late embryos. A similarly sharp increase can be elicited precociously in younger retina by culturing in medium with adult serum. Both the precociously elicited and the later increase in enzyme activity require continuous protein synthesis; both can be suppressed during the first 24 hours of culture by blocking RNA synthesis or by removing the adult serum. Subsequently, the increase in enzyme activity becomes progressively less dependent on RNA synthesis and on the continuous presence of adult serum. This transition is attained more rapidly in the older retina. The data suggest a progressive stabilization of the enzyme-forming system during differentiation.
Respiratory and Electrical Responses to Light Stimulation in the Retina of the Frog
Authors: Sickel Werner
Published: October 2006

Isolated retinas from frogs' eyes were preserved in a circulating medium; transretinal electrical potential and ultraviolet absorbancy were monitored. In response to visible stimulation, changes in absorbancy were observed which correlate with the
c
-wave of the electroretinogram. They are tentatively identified as cyclic oxidations of pyridine nucleotides reflecting the energy expenditure associated with evoked neuronal activity.
Employment of Women Chemists in Industrial Laboratories
Authors: Parrish John B.
Published: October 2006

In 65 chemical and pharmaceutical laboratories women comprised 22 percent of the professional personnel. The majority were in jobs requiring only B.S. degrees and in laboratories emphasizing long-range research. The overall turnover rate for women was much higher than for men, but within the upper grades the rate was only moderately higher, and within the lowest grade was no higher. Laboratory directors reported that turnover differentials did not inhibit the employment of women, provided they could be expected to remain for a certain minimum time.
Computerized Bibliographic Services for Biomedicine
Authors: Karel Leonard , Austin Charles J. , Cummings Martin M.
Published: October 2006

By its development of improved media for dissemination of information, the National Library of Medicine is fostering a greater awareness and a better understanding of research and development efforts in behalf of public health and clinical medicine, and a more rapid translation of research into clinical application. The library's transformation from a passive repository of information to an active ally of the researcher, teacher, and clinician has led to increased use of medical library facilities and has stimulated thinking through better communication of published information. The library's success in using automation for bibliographic control of medical literature suggests that other disciplines that have not already developed automated techniques of literature-reference retrieval might profitably do so.
Free Carbon Atom Chemistry
Authors: MacKay Colin , Wolfgang Richard
Published: October 2006

The studies of the chemistry of free carbon atoms described here represent only a start toward understanding the properties of this intriguing species. Although many important aspects of its chemistry, such as the influence of its electronic-spin state, are still poorly understood, some generalizations may be made.
Abrogation of Allogeneic Inhibition by Cortisone
Authors: Hellström K. E. , Hellström I. , Haughton G.
Published: October 2006

Tumor cells from homozygous mice grow better upon transplantation to syngeneic mice than to F
1
hybrids between the tumor strain and a foreign strain. The inhibition of cell growth in the hybrids (called allogeneic inhibition), which is detected by tumor transplantation into mice, could be abrogated by treatment of the recipient mice with cortisone acetate. Cortisone also abolished allogeneic inhibition in vitro; abolition was detected by treating tumor cultures with cell extracts containing foreign isoantigens of the H-2 type.
Rock Degradation by Alkali Metals: A Possible Lunar Erosion Mechanism
Authors: Naughton J. J. , Barnes I. L. , Hammond D. A.
Published: October 2006

When rocks melt under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions, their alkali components volatilize as metals. These metal vapors act to comminute polycrystalline rocks to their component minerals. The resultant powder is porous and loosely packed and its characteristics may be compatible with the lunar surface as revealed by the Ranger photographs. If meteorite impact or lunar volcanism has produced vaporization or areas of molten lava, alkali erosion may have given dust of this character in adjacent solid areas.
Adenosylmethionine Elevation in Leukemic White Blood Cells
Authors: Baldessarini Ross J. , Carbone Paul P.
Published: October 2006

White blood cell preparations from patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia have more
S
-adenosylmethionine, an important metabolic intermediate, than normal peripheral white cells or thoracic-duct lymphocytes. The previously reported elevation of cyanocobalamine (vitamin B
12
) in the serum of patients with this disease is corroborated. The possible usefulness of methylation antimetabolites in cancer chemotherapy is suggested.
Tetracycline: Effect on Osteogenesis in vitro
Authors: Saxén Lauri
Published: October 2006

Tetracycline hydrochloride added to cultures of rudiments of embryonic bone in a concentration of 1 microgram per milliliter prevents mineralization of the bones and is found throughout the calcified zones. The inhibition is reversible; upon transfer of a treated culture to a normal medium, mineralization proceeds normally but maldeveloped bones result.
Electron Microscopy of Fossil Bacteria Two Billion Years Old
Authors: Schopf J. William , Barghoorn Elso S. , Maser Morton D. , Gordon Robert O.
Published: October 2006

Occurrence of well-preserved rod-shaped and coccoid bacteria in the Precambrian Gunflint chert (1.9 × 10
9
years old) has been demonstrated by electron microscopy. This appears to be the oldest definite occurrence of bacteria in the fossil record. The organisms are morphologically comparable with certain modern iron bacteria.
Spectrum of the Intensity Variations in 3C 273B
Authors: Maltby P. , Moffett A. T.
Published: October 2006

The intensity variations in radio source 3C 273B have been measured at wavelengths of 31.3, 21.2, and 10.6 centimeters. At 31.3 centimeters the variation is quite small, indicating that the variable component of the source is optically thick at this wavelength. Study of several different model sources shows that the observed dependence of the intensity variations on frequency can best be explained by an increase of the electron density in a source region about 2 parsecs in diameter. This interpretation is consistent with the distance to 3C 273 determined from Hubble's law and the observed red shift.
Hormone-Induced Stabilization of Soluble RNA in Pea-Stem Tissue
Authors: Bendaña F. E. , Galston A. W.
Published: October 2006

When indoleacetic acid labeled with carbon-14 in the carboxyl group is fed to excised green pea-stem segments, growth is initiated, and there is a parallel progressive labeling of the RNA extracted by cold phenol. The bulk of the label is found in the 4
S
fraction. This fraction is more resistant to degradation by ribonuclease than a similar fraction obtained from tissue not treated with indoleacetic acid.
Short-and Long-Lived Messenger RNA in Embryonic Chick Lens
Authors: Reeder R. , Bell E.
Published: October 2006

Cells of the embryonic chick lens pass through a definite sequence of macromolecular synthesis as they differentiate and migrate from one zone of the organ to another. Autoradiographic studies of RNA synthesis and protein synthesis show that long- and short-lived messenger RNA's are both present in the lens.
Structures in Carbonate Rocks Made Visible by Luminescence Petrography
Authors: Sippel Robert F. , Glover Everett D.
Published: October 2006

Using a simple device which should bring the luminescence-petrography technique within the grasp of all interested petrographers, we have examined approximately 250 thin sections of carbonate rocks and minerals. Many new phenomena became apparent.
Strontium-Rubidium Age of an Iron Meteorite
Authors: Wasserburg G. J. , Burnett D. S. , Frondel C.
Published: October 2006

The isotopic compositions and concentrations of rubidium and strontium were determined in silicate nodules contained in Weekeroo Station meteorite, a brecciated coarse octahedrite. The strontium had a Sr
87
:Sr
86
range from 0.729 to 0.768, showing considerable enrichment in Sr
87
in comparison with achondrites. Data for six samples of nodules lie on a straight line on the Sr-Rb evolution diagram, with an initial Sr
87
:Sr
86
ratio of 0.696 to 0.702; the slope is 0.0674, corresponding to an age of 4.7 × 10
9
years for λ = 1.39 × 10
-11
year
-1
. These data agree with the previously assigned ages for the formation of stony meteorites and the earth; they support the conclusion that the major period of chemical and physical differentiation in the solar system occurred in a narrow interval at about this time. This result disagrees with the Ar
40
-K
40
ages of 5 to 13 × 10
9
years determined from other iron meteorites. A wide variety of isotopic-age investigations now seem experimentally feasible on iron meteorites that contain silicates.
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome: Hereditary Gigantism of Cytoplasmic Organelles
Authors: Windhorst Dorothy B. , Zelickson A. S. , Good Robert A.
Published: October 2006

In the Chediak-Higashi syndrome, an anomalous hypopigmentation is associated with large lysosomal granules in the blood leukocytes. Since the inheritance pattern is that of an autosomal recessive trait, we postulated a common mechanism for these two primary features of the disease. Electron microscopy of melanocytes revealed that the pigmentary anomaly is indeed based on giant melanosomes. Since both types of granules, leukocytic and melanosomal, are characterized by limiting membranes, Chediak-Higashi disease may be a genetic disease of membranes.
Environmental Control of Ovarian Development in Mosquitoes of the
Culex pipiens
Complex
Authors: Eldridge Bruce F.
Published: October 2006

Gonotrophic dissociation, a condition in which the ovaries remain undeveloped in female mosquitoes that have taken a full blood meal, occurs in
Culex pipiens
L., when incubated at low temperature (10° to 15°C) with short photoperiod and held at low temperature after feeding. Gonotrophic dissociation occurred sporadically in
Culex quinquefasciatus
Say after conditioning by low temperature, irrespective of photoperiod. Two major considerations are posed: first, the importance of gonotrophic dissociation to hibernation potential; and, second, the potential of a hibernating female mosquito to serve as a virus reservoir.
Erythropoietin: Hypothesis of Action Tested by Analog Computer
Authors: Kretchmar A. L.
Published: October 2006

The action of erythropoietin on the pool of undifferentiated bone marrow cells has been examined with the aid of a model tested with an analog computer. The model is consistent with reported experimental results. The essential aspects of the action are (i) the effect is exerted during the S phase of the cell's cycle; (ii) "effective" erythropoietin is present in the cell only during G
1
and part of S; and, (iii) hormone molecules survive in the cell for only a limited time in effective form and require a certain time to assume this form.
Sediments from the Lower Columbia River and Origin of Graywacke
Authors: Whetten John T.
Published: October 2006

The mineral and chemical composition of sediments deposited in the three lowermost reservoirs of the Columbia River is remarkably similar to the composition of many graywackes. Lithic fragments are abundant. In comparison with an "average" sandstone, the sediments have low concentrations of silica and high concentrations of all other major constituents, except calcium. Sodium is more abundant than potassium. The sediments are generally better sorted than graywackes. If graywacke texture is post-depositional in origin, Columbia River-type sediments could be expected to form graywackes upon deep burial without any significant addition or removal of material.
Sex Attractant of the Pink Bollworm Moth: Isolation, Identification, and Synthesis
Authors: Jones William A. , Jacobson Martin , Martin Dial F.
Published: October 2006

The sex attractant produced in extremely small amount by the virgin female pink bollworm moth has been isolated in pure form and identified as 10-propyl-
trans
-5,9-tridecadienyl acetate. Successful synthesis of this molecule confirms the structure and makes possible its practical use to help control this destructive pest of cotton. The attractant, for which the common name "propylure" is suggested, may be the first naturally occurring compound with propyl branching to be reported.
Input Resistance, Electrical Excitability, and Size of Ventral Horn Cells in Cat Spinal Cord
Authors: Kernell Daniel
Published: October 2006

Experiments on cat lumbosacral alpha motoneurones showed that, in comparison with cells possessing rapidly conducting axons, the cells with slowly conducting axons have the higher input resistance, that they need weaker stimulating currents to reach the threshold for repetitive firing, and that they need a relatively larger increment in current strength for a given increase in firing rate. Measurements of the number and diameters of dendritic trunks gave larger values for the larger cell bodies. The discussion deals with the interrelation between cell geometry, electrical properties, and the reflex action of alpha motoneurones.
Oxygen Isotope Studies of Ivory Coast Tektites and Impactite Glass from the Bosumtwi Crater, Ghana
Authors: Taylor Hugh P. , Epstein Samue
Published: October 2006

Oxygen isotope analyses were obtained for six Ivory Coast tektites, two samples of Bosumtwi Crater glass, and two new moldavites. The Ivory Coast tektites are 2 to 5 per mil richer in oxygen-18 than other known tektites, and they are similar in oxygen-18 content to the impactite glass from the nearby Bosumtwi Crater. These data are compatible with a terrestrial origin for the Ivory Coast tektites.
Ozone and Sulfur Dioxide Synergism: Injury to Tobacco Plants
Authors: Menser H. A. , Heggestad H. E.
Published: October 2006

Tobacco plants displayed ozone-type injury when exposed to mixtures of ozone and sulfur dioxide at subthreshold concentrations. The syndrome suggests synergism between ozone and sulfur dioxide that lowers thresholds to injury; exposure to the individual gases at the mixed-gas concentrations caused no symptoms.
Muscle Postjunctional Membrane: Changes in Chemosensitivity Produced by Calcium
Authors: Nastuk William L. , Liu Jane Hu
Published: October 2006

Increases in the extracellular concentration of calcium ions above 1.8 millimoles per liter caused a reversible decrease in the sensitivity of the muscle postiunctional membrane to carbamylcholine. A quantitative study of the inhibitory effect of calcium ions on membrane depolarization produced by carbamylcholine indicates that calcium ions compete with carbamylcholine for some common binding sites on the postjunctional membrane. Calcium ions (20 millimoles per liter) caused a neuromuscular block wherein prolonged endplate potentials were produced after nerve stimulation. Calcium ions applied ionophoretically to the postjunctional membrane decreased the amplitude and prolonged the time course of the transient depolarization produced by ionophoretically applied carbamylcholine.
Scanning Electron Microscopes: Is High Resolution Possible?
Authors: Crewe Albert V.
Published: October 2006

Experiments with this scanning microscope have produced extremely encouraging results so that we feel confident in predicting high resolution and high contrast after some obvious modifications are made in the system, such as providing a good objective lens.

Experience with conventional lenses indicates that the instrument behaves in a predictable manner and there is no reason to doubt that the resolution can be as good as that of a conventional microscope.

The use of quadrupole lenses will depend on calculations now being performed. There is cause for optimism; high resolution may also be possible with this kind of lens.

Experience with field emission shows that the technology is not difficult and that there is more than enough current available for any conceivable use.

Energy -loss measurements have been made on a variety of materials. It is attractive to consider the possibility of chemical analysis of selected areas of a specimen. We believe that a very crude form of analysis may indeed be possible. The principal advantage of the use of energy-loss techniques, however, may be in the availability of another contrast mechanism. The ability to "see" small details may be considerably enhanced.

Finally, we are experimenting with the possibility of using transmitted electrons of different energy losses to produce different colors on a color television display. This should add an extra element to the picture contrast which may be of some value.
Association of Illness with Prior Ingestion of Novel Foods
Authors: Revusky S. H. , Bedarf E. W.
Published: October 2006

Rats were permitted to ingest a novel food and a familiar food. One hour later they were x-irradiated. When they were subsequently allowed to choose between these foods, their preference for the novel food was less than that exhibited by appropriate controls.
Urea and Its Formation in Coelacanth Liver
Authors: Brown G. W. , Brown Susan G.
Published: October 2006

Urea occurs in liver of the coelacanth
Latimeria chalumnae
to the extent of about 1.7 percent by weight. It was determined quantitatively by reaction with 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione-2-oxime (Archibald reagent) and by measurement of ammonia released upon treatment with urease. Arginase and ornithine carbamoyltransferase, enzymes instrumental in the formation of urea in typical ureotelic vertebrates, occur in homogenates of coelacanth liver. Formed in part by the ornithine-urea cycle, urea may have an osmoregulatory function in the coelacanth as it has in elasmobranchs.
Conditioning with Delayed Vitamin Injections
Authors: Garcia J. , Ervin F. R. , Yorke C. H. , Koelling R. A.
Published: October 2006

Rats deficient in thiamine were allowed to drink saccharin-flavored water. They were then given an injection of thiamine which caused their intake of the nonnutritive fluid to increase. Delay of the intramuscular injection up to 30 minutes had no effect upon the acquisition of this conditioning. Presumably, this delay reflects specialization in the central integrative mechanisms which serve these afferent modalities.
St. Peter and St. Paul Rocks: A High-Temperature, Mantle-Derived Intrusion
Authors: Melson William G. , Jarosewich Eugene , Bowen Vaughan T. , Thompson Geoffrey
Published: October 2006

St. Paul's Rocks, often postulated to be an exposure of the suboceanic mantle, consists of a wider variety of rocks than previously recognized. These perhaps crystallized at different mantle levels, and were subsequently incorporated and mylonitized in a hot but solid intrusion.
Flaxedil (Gallamine Triethiodide): Evidence for a Central Action
Authors: Halpern Lawrence M. , Black Richard G.
Published: October 2006

A central action of gallamine triethiodide has been demonstrated in cats with permanently implanted electrodes that permit direct repetitive stimulation and recording of afterdischarges from cerebral cortex. Systemically administered gallamine produced a consistent and reproducible augmentation of duration of afterdischarge at doses just sufficient to produce skeletal muscle paralysis. Simultaneous examination of expiratory carbon dioxide, blood pressure, body temperature, blood glucose, and direct cortical response to brief single stimuli failed to reveal any consistent peripheral change to which the centrally observed effect could be attributed.
Prenatal Auditory Imprinting in Chickens
Authors: Grier J. Brown , Counter S. Allen , Shearer William M.
Published: October 2006

A batch of eggs was exposed to a patterned sound continuously from day 12 to day 18 of
incubation, while a control group was hatched in the quiet. In a postnatal test all chicks
tended to creep toward a stationary sound source, but the experimental group showed a
preference for the sound heard during incubation. In a second test the experimental chicks
followed a moving model longer when it emitted the familiar sound than when it emitted a
novel sound or no sound at all.
Serotonin: Release in the Forebrain by Stimulation of Midbrain Raphé
Authors: Aghajanian George K. , Rosecrans John A. , Sheard Michael H.
Published: October 2006

Electrical stimulation of the midbrain raphé, an area in which neuronal perikarya containing serotonin are aggregated, produces an increase in 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and a decrease in serotonin in the forebrain. These changes indicate that serotonin in the brain can be released via a specific neural pathway, namely, the system of axons projecting into the forebrain from serotonin-containing neurons in the midbrain raphé.
Endocrine-Induced Regression of Cancers
Authors: Huggins Charles
Published: October 2006

Cancer is not necessarily autonomous and intrinsically self-perpetuating. Its growth can be sustained and propagated by hormonal function in the host which is not unusual in kind or exaggerated in rate but which is operating at normal or even subnormal levels.

Hormones, or synthetic substances inducing physiologic effects similar thereto, are of crucial significance for survival of several kinds of hormone-responsive cancers in man and animals. Opposite sorts of change of the hormonal status can induce regression and, in some instances, cure such cancers. These modifications are deprivation of essential hormones and hormone interference by giving large amounts of critical compounds.

The control of cancer by endocrine methods can be described in three propositions: (i) Some types of cancer cells differ in a cardinal way from the cells from which they arose in their response to change in their hormonal environment. (ii) Certain cancers are hormone-dependent and these cells die when supporting hormones are eliminated. (iii) Certain cancers succumb when large amounts of hormones are administered.
Spectral Line Interferometry with Independent Time Standards at Stations Separated by 845 Kilometers
Authors: Moran J. M. , Crowther P. P. , Burke B. F. , Barrett A. H. , Rogers A. E. E. , Ball J. A. , Carter J. C. , Bare C. C.
Published: October 2006

An upper limit of 0.02 second of arc has been determined for a hydroxyl radical (OH) emission region associated with the radio source W3, with the use of a Michelson interferometer consisting of two radio telescopes 845 kilometers apart. Timing was provided at the stations by independent atomic frequency standards. The 1665-megahertz radiation was translated to video frequency and recorded digitally on magnetic tapes which were later processed by computer, yielding fringe phase and amplitude as a function of frequency over the received bandwidth.
X-Ray Fabric Analysis of Hot-Worked and Annealed Flint
Authors: Wenk H. R. , Baker D. W. , Griggs D. T.
Published: October 2006

Two specimens of flint described by Green have been subjected to intensive x-ray fabric analysis. The specimen compressed in the β-quartz field recrystallized to a fabric with a strong maximum of
c
-axes parallel to the direction of compression and a weaker equatorial concentration perpendicular to the axis of compression. Annealing of a similar specimen eliminated the equatorial concentration and strengthened the axial concentration six- to eightfold. In the latter specimen, the fabric determined by x-ray analysis agrees closely with Green's optically measured fabric. It is possible to obtain
c
-axis fabrics directly from the very weak 0003 diffraction peak.
Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis in Agammaglobulinemic Chickens
Authors: Blaw Michael E. , Cooper M. D. , Good R. A.
Published: October 2006

White Leghorn chickens were subjected to bursectomy and total body irradiation at hatching, thus rendering them agammaglobulinemic. At 4 weeks of age, these chickens and control chickens received lyophilized bovine spinal cord emulsified with complete Freund's adjuvant. Agammaglobulinemic chickens developed the lesions of allergic encephalomyelitis with the same frequency and intensity as the controls. Our findings support the contention that antibodies are not necessary for the development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.
Isoprenoid Acids in Recent Sediments
Authors: Blumer Max , Cooper W. J.
Published: October 2006

Phytanic acid, pristanic acid, and 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoic acid have been isolated from three recent marine sediments. The ratio of palmitic to pristanic acid is similar to that encountered in typical marine lipids. This suggests a biochemical origin of these sedimentary acids; phytol is their presumed biochemical precursor. Other isoprenoid acids between C
11
and C
22
which are common in ancient sediments have not been found. They are probably geochemical products formed slowly and at a greater depth.
Solid-Phase Radioimmunoassay in Antibody-Coated Tubes
Authors: Catt Kevin , Tregear Geoffrey W.
Published: October 2006

The adsorption of antibody to polymeric surfaces has been used to develop a new method of solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Incubation is performed in antibody-coated, disposable tubes that are finally washed-out with water and counted for quantitation of the bound tracer. The method is simple, rapid, inexpensive, and suitable for automation.
Frog Skeletal Muscle Fibers: Changes in Electrical Properties after Disruption of Transverse Tubular System
Authors: Eisenberg Robert S. , Gage Peter W.
Published: October 2006

In muscle fibers which have been exposed for 1 hour to a Ringer solution containing 400 millimolar glycerol and then returned to plain Ringer solution, the transverse tubular system is disrupted. At the same time the membrane capacitance is markedly reduced and hyperpolarizing current pulses no longer produce a slow, progressive increase in potential (creep). The large capacitance of muscle and the phenomenon of "creep" must both depend on an intact transverse tubular system.
Interaction Cloning: Identification of a Helix-Loop-Helix Zipper Protein that Interacts with c-Fos
Authors: Blanar Michael A. , Rutter William J.
Published: October 2006

A facile method for isolating genes that encode interacting proteins has been developed with a polypeptide probe that contains an amino-terminal extension with recognition sites for a monoclonal antibody, a specific endopeptidase, and a site-specific protein kinase. This probe, containing the basic region-leucine zipper dimerization motif of c-Fos, was used to screen a complementary DNA library. A complementary DNA that encoded a member of the basic-helix-loop-helix-zipper (bHLH-Zip) family of proteins was isolated. The complementary DNA-encoded polypeptide FIP (Fos interacting protein) bound to oligonucleotide probes that contained DNA binding motifs for other HLH proteins. When cotransfected with c-Fos, FIP stimulated transcription of an AP-1-responsive promoter.
Globorotalia truncatulinoides
as a Paleo-oceanographic Index
Authors: Kennett James P.
Published: October 2006

In Recent surface sediments of the ocean floor
Globorotalia truncatulinoides
(d'Orbigny) grades from highly conical forms in tropical areas to rather compressed forms in cold-water areas. An interdependence exists between temperature of the surface water and form ratios as defined by mean ratio of width to height and mean ratio of width to the height from keel to ventral extremity. Values of these ratios serve to identify various water masses and thus constitute a potentially useful method in determining paleo-temperatures in Quaternary marine sediments. Subpolar populations, as end members of the cline, are found only in the Southern Hemisphere.
Pineal Gland: Influence on Gonads of Male Rats Treated with Androgen Three Days after Birth
Authors: Reiter Russel J. , Hoffmann Joan C. , Rubin Peter H.
Published: October 2006

Either blinding or the injection of 1 milligram of testosterone propionate into male Sprague-Dawley rats, 3 days old, results in testes and accessory organs (seminal vesicles and coagulating glands) that are smaller than normal when the rats are 72 days old. The response to blinding is prevented by removal of the pineal gland, whereas the response to treatment with testosterone is unaffected by pinealectomy. Combination of the two treatments in 3-day-old rats causes testes to be less than one-third their normal size at 72 days of age; pinealectomy in these rats permits the reproductive organs to grow to the same size as those in the androgen-treated animals.
Fetal Hemoglobin Variants in Mice
Authors: Gilman John G. , Smithies Oliver
Published: October 2006

Two strains of mice, DBA and C3H, have a fetal globin polypeptide chain which differs in electrophoretic mobility from the corresponding fetal chain of the C57B1 strain. Mice of the DBA and C3H strains also differ from those of the C57B1 in adult hemoglobin type. Results of backcrossing the (DBA × C57B1) hybrid to the C57B1 suggest that the fetal chain locus and the adult β-chain locus are closely linked.
Lunar Rivers
Authors: Lingenfelter Richard E. , Peale Stanton J. , Schubert Gerald
Published: October 2006

Mature meanders in lunar sinuous rills strongly suggests that the rills are features of surface erosion by water. Such erosion could occur under a pressurizing ice cover in the absence of a lunar atmosphere. Water, outgassed from the lunar interior and trapped beneath a layer of permafrost, could be released by a meteoritic impact and overflow the crater to form an ice-covered river. A sinuous rill could be eroded in about 100 years.
Juvenile Hormone: Activity of Natural and Synthetic Synergists
Authors: Bowers William S.
Published: October 2006

A group of nonsesquiterpenoid compounds currently used commercially as insecticide synergists possesses a high order of juvenile hormone activity and species specificity.
Turbidity Maximum of the Northern Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Schubel J. R.
Published: October 2006

The turbidity maximum near the head of the Chesapeake Bay is produced primarily by the local resuspension of bottom sediments, and by the estuarine "sediment trap" which is formed in the upper reaches of the estuarine circulation regime by the net nontidal circulation.
Venus: Lower Atmosphere Not Measured
Authors: Eshleman Von R. , Fjeldbo Gunnar , Anderson John D. , Kliore Arvydas , Dyce Rolf B.
Published: October 2006

The common ranges of pressure and temperature of the atmosphere of Venus measured last October establish the connection between the Soviet Venera 4 altitude scale and the United States Mariner V radial scale. But if the Venera 4 measurements extended to the surface, as claimed, this comparison implies a radius of the planet which is about 25 kilometers greater than the radius deduced from Earth-based radar data. This impasse has been resolved in favor of the smaller value by a new determination of the radius which is more direct than the method used in deriving the radar radius, and which involves concurrent ranging from Earth both to Mariner V near encounter and to the surface of Venus. It is concluded that neither spacecraft reported on atmospheric conditions near the level of the mean surface, but extrapolations of the measurements yield surface values for mid-latitudes of 100 atmospheres pressure (within a factor of 1.5) and 700°K temperature (within 100°), in distinction to the Soviet values of 19 ± 2 atmospheres and 544° ± 10°K. The higher values support radiometric and radar data on temperature and atmospheric absorption. It appears that the Soviet probe was not designed to work through such a thick atmosphere. A particularly simple (times two) ambiguity in the Venera 4 altimeter reading suggests itself, since this would bring all other data into excellent agreement and would explain the reason for the supposition that the probe reached the surface.
Eolian Origin of Quartz in Soils of Hawaiian Islands and in Pacific Pelagic Sediments
Authors: Rex R. W. , Syers J. K. , Jackson M. L. , Clayton R. N.
Published: October 2006

The particle-size distribution and oxygen-isotopic composition of quartz isolated from Hawaiian soils, east-central Pacific sediments, and tropospheric dusts are remarkably uniform. A common origin and tropospheric transport from continental land masses is suggested.
Phenoxyethanol: Protein Preservative for Taxonomists
Authors: Nakanishi Mikiye , Wilson Allan C. , Nolan Richard A. , Gorman George C. , Bailey George S.
Published: October 2006

Pieces of chicken heart or skeletal muscle were placed in a dilute solution of the antimicrobial agent 2-phenoxyethanol and stored at room temperature. Under these conditions, the serum albumin, lactate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase in these tissues survived in easily detectable amounts for at least 2 weeks. The surviving proteins appeared to be identical with those of fresh tissues in physical, catalytic, and immunological properties. Phenoxyethanol also preserved heart and muscle proteins of representatives of other vertebrate classes. Tissue samples collected in the field may be thus preserved for later analysis by biochemical taxonomists.
Cell Microfluorometry: A Method for Rapid Fluorescence Measurement
Authors: Van Dilla M. A. , Truiullo T. T. , Mullaney P. F. , Coultex J. R.
Published: October 2006

A high-speed flow system for quantitative determination of fluoresence of cells containing fluorochrome has been developed. Feulgen-DNA distributions in populations of tissue culture cells and human leukocytes have been measured at a rate of 10
4
to 10
5
cells per minute and compare well with results of other independent methods.
Histone Synthesis in vitro by Cytoplasmic Microsomes from HeLa Cells
Authors: Gallwitz Dieter , Mueller Gerald C.
Published: October 2006

HeLa cell microsomes incorporate labeled amino acids in vitro into acid-soluble proteins which have the same electrophoretic mobility as histones isolated from the purified HeLa cell nuclei. The capacity to synthesize histones in vitro is dependent on deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in the cells from which the microsomal fraction is prepared.
Prolactin Receptors in Rat Liver: Possible Induction by Prolactin
Authors: Posner Barry I. , Kelly Paul A. , Friesen Henry G.
Published: October 2006

A prolactin receptor, present in adult female rat liver, can be induced in males by estrogen. Hypophysectomy diminished receptor levels in the female and rendered males unresponsive to estrogen. A renal pituitary implant blunted the decrease in hypophysectomized females and induced the receptor in hypophysectomized males. The increased receptor level in hypophysectomized males with a renal pituitary implant was preceded by a sustained elevation of circulating prolactin. Our observations suggest that prolactin induces its own receptor.
Oyster Ciliary Inhibition by Cystic Fibrosis Factor
Authors: Bowman Barbara H. , Lockhart Lillian H. , McCombs Michael L.
Published: October 2006

Ciliary inhibition in oysters serves as an assay in identifying a serum factor in cystic fibrosis patients and heterozygotes. Serums from 47 patients with cystic fibrosis and 19 heterozygotes caused ciliary cessation within 35 minutes, whereas serums from only 2 of 64 individuals without cystic fibrosis inhibited ciliary activity within this time.
Mariner 6: Ultraviolet Spectrum of Mars Upper Atmosphere
Authors: Barth C. A. , Fastie W. G. , Hord C. W. , Pearce J. B. , Kelly K. K. , Stewart A. I. , Thomas G. E. , Anderson G. P. , Raper O. F.
Published: October 2006

Emission features from ionized carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide were measured in the 1900- to 4300-angstrom spectral region. The Lyman alpha 1216-angstrom line of atomic hydrogen and the 1304-, 1356-, and 2972-angstrom lines of atomic oxygen were observed.
Adenosine-3′,5′-Phosphate: Identification as Acrasin in a Species of Cellular Slime Mold
Authors: Barkley David S.
Published: October 2006

Acrasin, the chemotactic agent responsible for aggregation in the cellular slime molds, has been identified for one species,
Dictyostelium discoideum
, as adenosine-3 ′,5 ′-phosphate.
Cytogenetic Studies in Rats of Cyclohexylamine, a Metabolite of Cyclamate
Authors: Legator M. S. , Palmer K. A. , Green S. , Petersen K. W.
Published: October 2006

Cyclohexylamine, the major known metabolite of cyclamate, was tested in vivo for possible cytogenetic effects. In rats injected with this metabolite, there was a direct relation between dose concentration and percentage of spermatogonial and bone marrow cells showing chromosomal breaks. Single chromatid breaks predominated with infrequent exchange figures.
Induction of Type I Diabetes by Kilham's Rat Virus in Diabetes-Resistant BB/Wor Rats
Authors: Guberski D. L. , Thomas V. A. , Shek W. R. , Like A. A. , Handler E. S. , Rossini A. A. , Wallace J. E. , Welsh R. M.
Published: October 2006

Type I diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease resulting from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. A virus that was identified serologically as Kilham's rat virus (KRV) was isolated from a spontaneously diabetic rat and reproducibly induced diabetes in naive diabetes-resistant (DR) BB/Wor rats. Viral antigen was not identified in pancreatic islet cells, and β cell cytolysis was not observed until after the appearance of lymphocytic insulitis. KRV did not induce diabetes in major histocompatibility complex-concordant and discordant non-BB rats and did not accelerate diabetes in diabetes-prone BB/Wor rats unless the rats had been reconstituted with DR spleen cells. This model of diabetes may provide insight regarding the interaction of viruses and autoimmune disease.
Mawson "Tillite" in Antarctica: Preliminary Report of a Volcanic Deposit of Jurassic Age
Authors: Borns H. W. , Hall B. A.
Published: October 2006

Reexamination of the Mawson "Tillite" (Jurassic) of Antarctica indicates that the deposit is of volcanic origin and consists largely of both primary and reworked volcanic materials. No evidence diagnostic of a glacial origin was found.
Ctenocystoidea: New Class of Primitive Echinoderms
Authors: Robison Richard A. , Sprinkle James
Published: October 2006

The oldest known "carpoids" of the echinoderm subphylum Homalozoa have been discovered in lower Middle Cambrian rocks of northern Utah. They were free-living benthonic animals characterized by a unique ctenoid feeding apparatus and flattened flexible theca with near bilateral symmetry. A new class, Ctenocystoidea, is proposed to include the new genus and new species,
Ctenocystis utahensis
.
Lepidoptera in Cretaceous Amber
Authors: MacKay Margaret R.
Published: October 2006

The discovery of the head capsule of a lepidopterous larva in Canadian amber of the Cretaceous period is the first fossil evidence of Lepidoptera before the Tertiary period.
Saturn's Rings: Identification of Water Frost
Authors: Pilcher Carl B. , Chapman Clark R. , Lebofsky Larry A. , Kieffer Hugh H.
Published: October 2006

A recently published infrared spectrum of Saturn's rings resembles our laboratory spectra of water frosts. Furthermore, there are discrepancies between the ring spectrum and ammonia frost spectra in the 2- to 2.5-μ region. These discrepancies render unlikely a reported identification of ammonia frost in the ring spectrum.
Geomagnetic Intensity: Changes during the Past 3000 Years in the Western Hemisphere
Authors: Bucha V. , Taylor R. E. , Berger Rainer , Haury E. W.
Published: October 2006

A series of archeomagnetic measurements have been carried out on archeologic materials from Arizona and Mexico which can be compared with results from Europe and Asia. This comparison shows a westward drift of geomagnetic intensity at a rate of about 0.24 degree per year. Furthermore, an apparent coincidence between changes in the earth's magnetic moment and changes in the production rate of radiocarbon is observed.
Miniature Whirlwinds Produced in the Laboratory by High-Voltage Electrical Discharges
Authors: Ryan R. T. , Vonnegut B.
Published: October 2006

Laboratory experiments showed that under certain conditions of vorticity the electrical heating produced by a high-voltage discharge at atmospheric pressure can cause the formation of a miniature tornado-like vortex. Once it forms, this vortex stabilizes the electrical discharge along its axis and changes its character from that of a spark to a high-pressure variety of a glow discharge. Electrical and dynamic parameters were measured. By relating observations and measurements made in these experiments to previous work and to analogous situations in nature, it is concluded that the heating produced by electrical discharges in a large storm may play a significant role in forming and maintaining natural tornadoes.
Bacterial Flagella: Polarity of Elongation
Authors: Emerson Suzanne U. , Tokuyasu Kiyoteru , Simon Melvin I.
Published: October 2006

Newly synthesized regions of
Bacillus subtilis
flagella were labeled with fluorophenylalanine or [
3
H]leucine. The flagella were then examined for altered gross morphology or by radioautography. Results of both experiments indicate that flagella elongate in vivo by polymerization of flagellin subunits onto the distal end of the filament.