bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a Recycled Materials Lab Kit for an Electrostatics Experiment
Authors: Sunandar Yosep , Maharani Neng Maryamah , Azmi Syifa Nurul , Maulidah Rifa'atul
Published: March 2024

Lab kits play an essential role in supporting the learning process. This study aims to develop a feasible and practical physics experiment kit on static electricity from simple tools and materials. The static electricity lab kit was developed using the 4D model (define, design, develop, disseminate). The stages carried out in this study are only up to the third stage, namely development, because the output is in the form of lab kit products. The lab kit is made using simple tools and materials easily found in everyday life. The props can also be disassembled easily. Four physics teachers from different schools conducted validation of the lab kit. The validation results show that in terms of media, the lab kit has valid criteria, with a percentage of 98.08%. Regarding material, the lab kit also has valid criteria, with a percentage of 96%. Overall, the static electricity lab kit met valid criteria with an average percentage of 97.5%, showing that the lab kit could be disseminated directly to students. It is hoped that using this lab kit can help teachers explain the concept of static electricity and make it easier for students to understand it.
The Effect of Creative Problem-Solving Model to Enhance Scientific Creativity: Study in Static Fluid Physics Learning
Authors: Dewi Shinta , Suwarna Iwan Permana , Suryadi Ahmad
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study is to ascertain how applying the Creative Problem-Solving model in physics classes affects students' scientific creativity when studying static fluids and how applying the model can improve students' scientific creativity. This study employed a quasi-experimental method, with the population of focus being 11th-grade science students at SMAN 4 South Tangerang, totaling 200 students. The sample in this study involves 78 students selected through the purposive sampling technique and divided into two groups (experimental and control), each comprising 39 students. Both groups were assessed for their skills through pretests and post-tests. The instruments used in this research consisted of 5 structured essay questions referring to three indicators of scientific creativity dimensions developed by Hu and Adey. The result of this study shows that the data generated, based on the Mann-Whitney U test, indicates a significant difference between the post-test scores of the two groups, with a Sig. Value of 0.000, which is below 0.05. The N-gain results also showed a gain of 0.56 in the experimental group and 0.43 in the control group. In conclusion, the Creative Problem-Solving model influenced students' scientific creativity, and it effectively improved students' scientific creativity. The research implications suggest that teachers should implement this teaching method to improve students' scientific creativity skills, enabling them to actively and skillfully address various complex problems in everyday life.
Fruitful Examination of STEM Education Over Two Decades: Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Solihah Putri Amelia , Kaniawati Ida , Samsudin Achmad , Riandi Riandi
Published: March 2024

This study aims to provide a concise overview of scientific output, prominent researchers, countries, and areas of focus in the field of STEM education research. An examination of the scholarly output in the field of STEM education was conducted using bibliometric methods, focusing on publications published from 2002 to 2023. The methodology employed in this study is a bibliometric analysis technique combined with computational mapping analysis. The tools used are VOSviewer and Rstudio. A total of 25,318 articles were retrieved from the Scopus databases. These papers were published in social sciences, engineering, scientific education, physics, and astronomy journals, among others. The primary results indicate that the number of publications on STEM education has been generally consistent from 2002 to 2023. Co-authorship relationships primarily involve researchers from the same nation. Furthermore, a change in the areas of research focus was noted. Previous research has been extensively conducted in various fields, including the social sciences, engineering, scientific education, physics, and astronomy. A recent study has highlighted the significance of curriculum and curriculum development. In conclusion, research on STEM education still needs to be carried out and developed, especially regarding STEM-based teaching materials.
ANALISIS PROVENANCE BATUPASIR FORMASI DOLOKAPA KABUPATEN GORONTALO UTARA BERDASARKAN DATA GEOKIMIA XRF
Authors: Sandi I Nengah , Permana Aang Panji , Kasim Muhammad
Published: March 2024

The research location is located in Deme 1 Village, East Sumalata District, North Gorontalo Regency. The rock outcrops studied are sandstones which are part of the Dolokapa Formation which is spread in the northern part of the Tilamuta Sheet. This study aims to analyze the tectonic setting of the origin of the sandstones. The research method used to achieve the research objectives is using two methods consisting of field geological surveys and X-Ray Fluoresence (XRF) Geochemical laboratory analysis. Based on the results and discussion that the two sandstone samples are of the Fe-Shale and Fe-Sand types which originate from the ARC (oceanic island arc) tectonic setting.
ANALISIS PERUBAHAN URBAN HEAT ISLAND DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP INDEKS KENYAMANAN KOTA BANJARBARU
Authors: Saragih Ruth Mandasari , Rusmayadi Gusti , Adriani Dewi Erika , Nugroho Yusanto
Published: March 2024

The Banjarbaru administrative status has changed from an Administrative City to a City, and in 2022 become the Provincial Capital. Population growth and infrastructure/building development due to these changes may affect environmental changes. A significant increase in air temperature against its normal due to environmental changes can trigger climate change. Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a phenomenon recognized by the higher temperature conditions in urban areas compared to surrounding areas. UHI identification is known by calculating the difference in Land Surface Temperature (LST) values using remote sensing (satellite data). An increase in the value of LST in an area can trigger the appearance of UHI and make the environment less comfortable. The LST value is also related to population, vegetation, residential areas, and built-up land. Thermal Humidity Index (THI) is an index used to determine comfort level based on temperature and humidity conditions. This study aims to analyze spatiotemporal changes in UHI phenomena in the Banjarbaru area during three administrative status periods (1998 - 2022) and its effect on the comfortable index. This study uses Landsat satellite data (consist Visible, Near Infrared, and Thermal Bands) and Relative Humidity (RH) from 2 weather stations in Banjarbaru. The result shows that the distribution of UHI in the Banjarbaru City area increases around industrial areas, settlements, government centers, and along arterial roads that are open land without trees. In general, the Banjarbaru area experienced an increase in the comfort index. Initial conditions belonging to the comfortable and less comfortable classes changed to become less comfortable to uncomfortable, especially in the North Banjarbaru sub-district and around Syamsudin Noor Airport ( Landasan Ulin sub-district).
PENGETAHUAN SISWA SEKOLAH MAN 4 BALANGAN TENTANG TUMBUHAN OBAT DI KECAMATAN HALONG KABUPATEN BALANGAN PADA PELESTARIAN TUMBUHAN OBAT TRADISIONAL
Authors: Camsudin Luhur Pribadi , Sholahuddin Arif , Kissinger Kissinger , Fauzana Noor Arida
Published: March 2024

The Meratus Dayak people still believe that traditional medicine using medicinal plants can cure diseases and still often use it as needed. This traditional medicine has become extinct because the system of inheritance of knowledge is only through oral without any written records from generation to generation. This has led to a decrease in the number of individuals who have knowledge and skills in traditional medicine, especially in the younger generation who are less interested in learning traditional medicine. The purpose of this study was to analyze the knowledge of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 4 Balangan students on medicinal plants, their use as daily or traditional customs and efforts to preserve traditional medicines in Halong Subdistrict, Balangan District. Students from class X IPA and X IPS at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 4 Balangan have low knowledge about medicinal plants caused by several factors, including curriculum, teaching methods that are less interactive, the influence of parents who have limited knowledge, and modernization make modern medicines easier to obtain. Students have basic knowledge of medicinal plants, but limited to a few common types, there is a desire to expand their knowledge. The application of medicinal plants in everyday life is still low due to lack of practical knowledge and limited access.
VALUASI EKONOMI EKOSISTEM MANGROVE DI DESA TANJUNG LIMAU KECAMATAN MUARA BADAK KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: Firman Agus , Oktawati Nurul Ovia , Ningsih Etik Sulistiowati
Published: March 2024

The objective of this research to identify the benefits economic value of mangrove ecosystem, Counting the benefits directly or indirectly, and the benefits of the existence and choice of mangrove resources efficiently and sustainably. This research was conducted in November to Desember 2023 at Desa Tanjung Limau Kecamatan Muara Badak Kabupaten Kutai Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. The research method used Qualitative Descriptive, with a total of research samples is 89 were selected using purposive sampling. The results of this research shows that the direct utilization of the mangrove ecosystem by the public, both as a subsistence and commercial business, is a utilization of the results of ponds, fishing and cage cultivation of pigeon cockle. The type of utilization with the highest optimal direct benefit value a year is catching Rp. 6,887,400,000.00 so that the optimal profit is Rp. 5,629,540,617.00 a year for 11 (eleven) RTP. The lowest optimal profit is Rp. 390,000,000.00 from utilization of pigeon cockle cultivation and the highest benefit value of mangrove forests is indirect benefits, there has a largest percentage compared to other benefits, total percentage is 87.294% as big as Rp.63,948,330,747.00 annually.
The Role Of Information Technology And Work Environment In Improving Teacher Performance
Authors: Widhianingrum Wahna , Kurniasih Ranti , Riawan Riawan
Published: March 2024

This research was carried out to determine the influence of the work environment and the use of information technology on teachers' performance as educators in this era of digitalization, where effectiveness in the use of information technology and support in the form of an adequate work environment. This research uses a type of quantitative descriptive research using a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire. The respondents of this research were 45 teachers at SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Ponorogo. Based on age, the majority of the productive period is 37.8%, the remainder are seniors, and most teaching staff at the school are female. The length of work of respondents in this study is 0-10 years, which is more dominant. The level of teacher education is good, and the bachelor's and master's levels of education can support teacher performance. The ability to use information technology and the physical work environment truly reflects the situation and conditions that exist in the school and plays an active role in assisting the learning process and helping improve teacher performance when carrying out their duties.
MENGEMBANGKAN MOTIVASI, AKTIVITAS, DAN KOGNITIF DALAM MENGENAL HURUF HIJAIYAH MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PANDAI PADA KELOMPOK B
Authors: Qomariah Nur , Cinantya Celia
Published: March 2024

Permasalahan dalam penelitian dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya motivasi, aktivitas dan hasil perkembangan aspek kognitif anak dalam hal mengenal huruf hijaiyah. Solusinya adalah menggunakan model PANDAI (akronim dari Project bAsed learNing, numbereD heAd together, dan media heelIn). Tujuan penelitian untuk mendeskripsikan aktivitas guru dan menganalisis motivasi, aktivitas, serta hasil perkembangan kognitif anak dalam mengenal huruf hijaiyah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan jenis penelitian Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan 3 pertemuan, setting penelitian pada anak kelompok B di TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 38 Banjarmasin yang berjumlah 18 anak. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif menggunakan tabel dan grafik. Instrumen penelitian berupa lembar observasi aktivitas guru, motivasi belajar, aktivitas dan capaian perkembangan anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pertemuan 3 aktivitas guru telah mencapai kategori Sangat Baik. Motivasi belajar anak secara klasikal mencapai kategori Hampir Seluruh Anak Termotivasi pada pertemuan 3. Aktivitas anak secara klasikal mencapai kategori Hampir Seluruh Anak Aktif pada pertemuan 3 serta hasil perkembangan anak secara klasikal mencapai kategori BSB dan BSH pada pertemuan 3. Disarankan penggunaan model PANDAI dapat digunakan sebagai referensi penggunaan model pembelajaran yang efektif.
MENGEMBANGKAN KEMAMPUAN MENCERITAKAN KEMBALI MENGGUNAKAN MODEL DIRECT INSTRUCTION DAN TALKING STICK DENGAN MEDIA BONEKA TANGAN
Authors: Nurhanifah Diana , Rachman Ali
Published: March 2024

Permasalahan yang mendasari penelitian ini yaitu kurang optimalnya kemampuan menceritakan kembali cerita yang telah diceritakan guru kepada anak yang disebabkan  oleh penggunaan metode dan model pembelajaran yang monoton dan kurang menarik sehingga kemampuan bahasa anak dalam menceritakan kembali cerita dari guru belum berkembang secara optimal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan aktivitas guru, menganalisis aktivitas anak dan hasil perkembangan kemampuan menceritakan kembali menggunakan model Direct Instruction dan Talking Stick dengan Media Boneka Tangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan jenis penelitian tindakan kelas dengan 3 kali pertemuan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Kelompok B PAUD Budi Bakti Kab. Batola, dengan jumlah anak sebesar 7 orang yang terdiri 2 orang perempuan dan 5 orang laki-laki. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas guru pada pertemuan ke-3 mencapai indikator keberhasilan dengan kategori Sangat Baik. Aktivitas anak pada pertemuan ke-3 mencapai kategori Sangat Aktif serta hasil perkembangan anak pada pertemuan ke-3 mencapai persentase 100% dengan kategori Berkembang Sangat Baik
THE COMPARISON OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH KNOWLEDGE BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE ADOLESCENTS IN JAKARTA
Authors: Pristya Terry Y.R. , Karima Ulya Q , Herbawani Chahya K
Published: March 2024

In Indonesia, the main problem of adolescent reproductive health is the lack of reproductive health information. It occurred due to poor of their knowledge. This study aimed to compare reproductive health knowledge between female and male adolescents. This cross-sectional study was conducted by online-based survey in Jakarta, Indonesia. The 438 samples of this study consisted of 244 female and 194 male adolescents. Data was collected with Google Forms. Logistic regression was used to analyze the data of this study. A proportion of male adolescents have more poor knowledge (21.1%) than female adolescents (13.9%). The odds of male adolescents were 1.66 times more likely (95% CI 1.00-2.73) to have poor reproductive health knowledge than female adolescents. In separate analyzes between females and males, the role of education institutions has a significant relationship with reproductive health knowledge in females (P-value = 0.039). However, in male adolescents, it was not. Health promotion from educational institutions is needed to increase adolescent reproductive health knowledge, especially for male adolescents.
Pola Pertumbuhan dan Faktor Kondisi Ikan Petek (Leiognathus equula, Forsskål, 1775) dari Perairan Plawangan Plawangan Timur Segara Anakan, Kabupaten Cilacap.
Authors: Sahara Laura Rose , Putri Adinda Kurnia , Listyani Mei , Dewa Andika , Mahdiana Arif , Kusuma Rima Oktavia , Ekalaturrahmah Yenni Arista Cipta
Published: March 2024

ABSTRAK

Ikan petek (Leiognathus equula) merupakan ikan demersal yang dapat hidup di muara sungai maupun laguna pada kedalaman 10 meter sampai 60 meter. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan tipe pola pertumbuhan ikan petek berdasarkan hubungan panjang bobotnya serta menganalisis kebugaran ikan petek. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada 24 Juni 2023, 23 Juli 2023, serta 19 Agustus 2023 menggunakan jaring rampus dengan panjang 36.576 meter, lebar 6.4008 meter, dan ukuran mata jaring yaitu 1 inci dan 2 inci. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hubungan panjang bobot ikan petek yang didapatkan memiliki nilai b kurang dari 3 (2.3907) sehingga dapat dikatakan pola pertumbuhannya alometrik negatif (pertumbuhan panjang lebih cepat daripada pertumbuhan bobotnya). Hasil faktor kondisi yang didapatkan pada penelitian ini memiliki kisaran antara 0.7554 - 1.2153 dengan rata-rata 1.0082 + 0.1272 yang menandakan bahwa ikan petek pada penelitian ini memiliki bentuk tubuh agak montok.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA TINGKAT KINERJA PENYULUH DENGAN KEPUASAN PETERNAK SAPI PERAH DALAM PENANGANAN PENYAKIT MULUT DAN KUKU (Kasus Pada Peternak Sapi Perah di Kelurahan Cipageran Kecamatan Cimahi Utara Kota Cimahi)
Authors: Maulina Tiara Nurul Syafira , Nurlina Lilis , Sulistyati Marina
Published: March 2024

Kasus wabah Penyakit Mulut dan Kuku (PMK) yang menyerang ternak sapi perah di Kota Cimahi sebanyak 162 kasus perlu dilakukan tindakan pencegahan salah satunya oleh penyuluh. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan pada 23 Mei hingga 23 Juni 2023 di Kelurahan Cipageran Kecamatan Cimahi Utara Kota Cimahi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat kinerja penyuluh, tingkat kepuasan peternak sapi perah dan hubungan antara tingkat kinerja penyuluh dengan kepuasan peternak sapi perah. Metode penelitian dilakukan melalui survei terhadap 56 responden, menggunakan metode propotional random sampling. Analisis yang digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis menggunakan analisis Korelasi Rank Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukan (67,86%) responden menilai tingkat kinerja penyuluh termasuk kategori sedang, dan (57,14%) responden menilai tingkat kepuasan peternak  dalam penanganan wabah PMK dalam kategori sedang, serta terdapat hubungan yang cukup erat dengan nilai korelasi Rank Spearman (  = 0,418) pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% ,antara tingkat kinerja penyuluh dengan kepuasan peternak sapi perah, dalam penanganan wabah PMK di Kelurahan Cipageran Kecamatan Cimahi Utara Kota Cimahi.
KARAKTERISTIK PETERNAK DOMBA DALAM PENERAPAN GOOD FARMING PRACTICE DI DESA CINANJUNG KECAMATAN TANJUNGSARI
Authors: Yuniza Isti , Sulystiati Marina , Mauludin M. Ali
Published: March 2024

Pedoman yang baik dan benar bagi peternak dalam usaha budidaya peternakannya dapatmenggunakan Good Farming Practice (GFP). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahuikarakteristik peternak dalam penerapan GFP. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Cinanjung,Kecamatan Tanjungsari, Kabupaten Sumedang pada bulan Mei 2023 dengan melibatkan 20 peternak domba penerima bantuan. Metode yang digunakan yaitu studi kasus dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap informan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik peternak domba penerima bantuan di Desa Cinanjung mayoritas berada pada umur produktif antara 15-64 tahun, didominasi dengan jenis kelamin laki-laki, status perkawinan sebagian besar sudah kawin, tingkat pendidikan terakhir paling banyak SMA, pendidikan non-formal masih belum merata, pengalaman beternak di bawah 5 tahun dengan jumlah kepemilikan domba rata-rata 1-7 ekor dan jumlah tanggungan keluarga paling banyak 1-3 orang. Penerapan GFP pada aspek sarana diterapkan dengan baik, aspek proses produksi dan pelestarian lingkungan diterapkan dengan cukup baik dan untuk aspek pengawasan masih kurang baik. Pencapaian tujuan penerapan GFP sudah berjalan dengan baik sesuai dengan apa yang diharapkan.
PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP DAMPAK DARI KEBERADAAN RUMAH POTONG HEWAN (SURVEI DI RUMAH POTONG HEWAN PERUMDA DHARMA JAYA KECAMATAN PULOGADUNG KOTA JAKARTA TIMUR)
Authors: Daffa Muhammad Haidar , Nurlina Lilis , Fitriani Anita
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini mengenai persepsi masyarakat terhadap dampak dari keberadaan rumah potong hewan (survei di Rumah Potong Hewan Pulogadung Kota Jakarta Timur). Penelitian dilaksanakan bulan April hingga bulan Mei 2023 di RPH Pulogadung dan RT 3,4, dan 15, RW 3, Kelurahan Jati, Kecamatan Pulogadung, Kota Jakarta Timur. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui persepsi masyarakat terhadap dampak positif dan dampak negatif keberadaan RPH Pulogadung. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei dengan teknik penentuan responden dilakukan secara two stage sampling, yaitu purporsive sampling dan proportional random sampling. Hasil penelitian mengenai persepsi masyarakat terhadap dampak positif keberadaan RPH Pulogadung yaitu sebanyak 64,9% termasuk ke dalam kategori tinggi yang berarti masyarakat cukup memahami dan merasakan dampak positif dari keberadaan RPH Pulogadung, sedangkan persepsi masyarakat terhadap dampak negatif keberadaan RPH Pulogadung yaitu berada di kategori sedang dengan 59,5%. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa dampak negatif dari RPH Pulogadung cukup mengganggu masyarakat sekitar, akan tetapi masyarakat sudah terbiasa dengan dampak dari keberadaan RPH Pulogadung.
Ein Vorschlag zur Auslegung Herbarts Versuch einer Begründung der Pädagogik
Authors: DEMİR Ali
Published: March 2024

Herbart gehört zu den wichtigsten Gründern der Sozialpädagogik. Angelehnt an Kant stellt er zwei Fragen; was wissen wir und was sollen wir tun. Im Gegensatz zum Kants Idealismus vertritt Herbarts eine realistische Pädagogik. Seine Handlungsanweisungen leitet er nicht aus der Logik des Kategorischen Imperativs, aber aus einem Grundmodel, das eine pädagogisch durchführbare Ermächtigung der Kinder zur Sittlichkeit begünstigen soll. Ausgehend von diesem Grundmodel werden im Beitrag Herbarts Grundbegriffe in Zentrum und Peripherie eigeteilt. Zur Peripherie werden einerseits die philosophischen Begriffe wie die Autonomie, Vielseitigkeit und anderseits seine soziologischen Lebensordnungen wie die Kinderregierung, Unterricht und Zucht zugeordnet. Im Zentrum stehen Charakter und Sittlichkeit. Sittlichkeit als das Ziel der Pädagogik kann durch die Geschmackbildung als die individuelle Besonderheit des Charakters erreicht werden. Zu diesem Zweck will Herbart die Pädagogik als das Fach der Autonomiegewinnung, der Sicherstellung der persönlichen Vielseitigkeit und als Beruf der Vermittlung des Charakters mit Willen und der Sittlichkeit begründen. Unter dieser Voraussetzung will er eine Kinderregierung gründen. Diese Regierung soll sich unter dem Prinzip der Sittlichkeit im Unterricht und Zucht bemerkbar machen. Im Model erscheint die Sittlichkeit bestehend aus Vielseitigkeit und Mannigfaltigkeit als das allgemeine Gesetz und der Charakter bestehend aus dem Willen und der Individualität als besondere Geschmack. Beide sind Gegenstände des Unterrichts und der Zucht. Im Beitrag geht es um die Stadien dieses Models, aus dem dann die Schussfolgerungen gezogen werden.
Bilim Tarihinin Tarih-Sosyoloji ve Felsefe Disiplinleri Arasındaki Konumu
Authors: TİMUR Serpil
Published: March 2024

Thomas Kuhn’un Bilimsel Devrimlerin Yapısı adlı eserinin yayınlanmasıyla birlikte tarih, felsefe ve sosyoloji disiplinleri bu eserden etkilenmiş ve bu eserin sonuçlarını değişik yönlerde takip etmişlerdi. Kuhn’un eserinde felsefeciler için en can alıcı nokta, paradigmaların “kıyaslanamaz” olduğu iddiasıyla ortaya çıkan “görelilik” meselesiydi. Felsefecilerin görelilik ve buna bağlı olarak hakikat ve rasyonellik gibi konularla meşgul olmaları, Kuhn’un felsefî çevrelerdeki yorumunu da belirlemiş oldu. Diğer taraftan tarihçiler daha çok tarihsel nedensellik, özellikle de bilimsel değişimin “içsel” ve “dışsal” nedenleriyle ilgileniyorlardı. İki grubun farklı tepkileri, farklı disiplinlere ait ilgi alanları açısından anlaşılabilir, fakat bu iki grup aynı zamanda bilimsel bilgi politikalarına ilişkin o dönemdeki tartışmalarda ortak bir entelektüel bağlamı paylaşıyorlardı. Kuhn’un söz konusu eseri, bilimin toplumsal boyutu kavramının oldukça siyasallaştığı bir Soğuk Savaş ortamında ortaya çıkmıştı. Yirminci yüzyılın başlarında, Hegelci ve Marksist insani ilerleme anlatıları geniş siyasi hareketlerle ilişkilendirilmişti. Ortaya çıkan ideolojik gerilimler çok geçmeden tarih ve bilim felsefecilerinin incelenme biçimine de yansımaya başlamıştı. İşte bu ortak bağlam hem filozofların hem de tarihçilerin Kuhn okumalarını şekillendirmişti; ancak bu okumalar birbirinden farklı şekilde anlaşılmıştı. Sosyologlar ise felsefecilerin reddettiği “görelilik” düşüncesini, kendi bilimsel bilgi sosyolojilerinin mihenk taşı yapmışlardı. Aynı süreçte hem dönemin siyasi koşulları hem de Thomas Kuhn’un tarih, sosyoloji ve felsefe disiplinleri arasındaki farklı algılanışı bilim tarihinin kendi konumu ve metodolojisini yeniden sorgulamaya ve savunmaya yönlendirmişti.
Analysis of Process Failures in Plastic Product Manufacturing Using Blow Molding Machines
Authors: Aftian Muhammad Alriz Nur , Akbar Ali
Published: March 2024

Abstract. The rapid advancement of technology, particularly in the plastics industry, is closely intertwined with thedevelopment of machinery used in plastic production processes. Commonly used machines in plastic raw materialproduction include blow molding, injection molding, and extrusion. The production cycle time significantly affectsboth the quality and quantity of production. While a faster production cycle may increase the quantity of output, itdoes not necessarily guarantee an improvement in product quality. Hence, it is imperative for companies to identifyfactors leading to production defects to plan controlled improvements. Product quality is a crucial consideration forconsumers when selecting products. PT. XYZ Pasuruan, a manufacturing company specializing in plastic packagingprocessing, faces production issues involving defective products and the underlying factors causing them. Thisresults in time and cost losses due to the need to reproduce faulty products. Therefore, this research aims to developeffective strategies for preventing and reducing production defects. Possible measures include improving productionprocesses, machinery, employee training, or changing raw material suppliers. By addressing the root causes ofthese issues, the industry can enhance product quality, reduce production costs, and increase customer satisfaction..Keywords - Blow Molding Machine; Product Failures; Product Quality
Williams syndrome presenting as infantile hypercalcemia with acute kidney injury: A case report
Authors: Park Eshter , Kim Soon Chul
Published: March 2024

Williams syndrome is an autosomal-dominant multisystem disorder. Infantile hypercalcemia has been documented in 15% of infants with Williams syndrome, and is commonly transient and mild. The need for pamidronate therapy has been reported in a few cases of Williams syndrome with severe hypercalcemia. Few cases of acute kidney injury due to severe hypercalcemia during Williams syndrome have also been recorded. We report the case of an infant with Williams syndrome who presented with acute kidney injury and severe hypercalcemia and was treated with intravenous pamidronate. In addition, we aimed to consider management strategies that maintain renal function and promote growth until adulthood.
Enhancing reporting through structure: a before and after study on the effectiveness of SPIRIT-based templates to improve the completeness of reporting of randomized controlled trial protocols
Authors: Blanco David , Donadio Marcio Vinicius Fagundes , Cadellans-Arróniz Aïda
Published: March 2024

Background
Despite the improvements in the completeness of reporting of randomized trial protocols after the publication of the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trial (SPIRIT) guidelines, many items remain poorly reported. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of using SPIRIT-tailored templates for trial protocols to improve the completeness of reporting of the protocols that master’s students write as part of their master’s theses.
Methods
Uncontrolled before and after experimental study performed at the University Master’s Degree in Orthopaedic Manual Physiotherapy of the Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (Barcelona, Spain). While students in the post-intervention period were instructed to use a trial protocol template that was tailored to SPIRIT, students in the pre-intervention period did not use the template. Primary outcome: difference between post- and pre-intervention periods in the mean number of adequately reported items (0–10 scale). The outcomes were evaluated independently and in duplicate by two blinded assessors. Students and their supervisors were not aware that they were part of a research project. For the statistical analysis, we used a generalized linear regression model (dependent variable: proportion of adequately reported items in the protocol; independent variables: intervention period, call, language).
Results
Thirty-four trial protocols were included (17, pre-intervention; 17, post-intervention). Protocols produced during the post-intervention period (mean: 8.24; SD: 1.52) were more completely reported than those produced during the pre-intervention period (mean: 6.35; SD: 1.80); adjusted difference: 1.79 (95% CI: 0.58 to 3.00).
Conclusions
SPIRIT-based templates could be used to improve the completeness of reporting of randomized trial protocols.
Analysis of the characteristics of unintentional deaths in children under the age of five from 2018 to 2020 in Hangzhou, China Childhood Unintentional deaths
Authors: Qian Xia , Hu Ye , Chen Jinqing , Huang Dan
Published: March 2024

Backgroundː This study analyzedthe current status of unintentional death among children under the age of five in Hangzhou from 2018 to 2020. Through the study of death characteristics and trend prediction, it is hoped that key populations, household registration, and seasons can be identified, thereby providing evidence for the development of intervention measures and effective prevention and control management of unintentional injury deaths.
Methods: A total of 198 cases of deaths among children under the age of five in Hangzhou in China from 2018 to 2020 were collected. The occurrence of unintentional deaths among children was analyzed based on factors such as age, gender, household registration, season of occurrence, and causes of death.
Resultsː The unintentional mortality rate among children under the age of five in Hangzhou in China from 2018 to 2020 was 0.65‰, with no significant trend change. Analysis of causes of death among different age groups showed that accidental suffocation was the main cause of death for infants, while drowning, traffic accidents, and accidental falls were the main causes of death for children aged one to four years, with statistically significant differences.
Conclusion:The composition of child injury causes varies among different age groups, household registrations, and seasons. Targeted strategies and measures for child injury prevention should be developed based on these characteristics.
Distinct multimodal biological and functional profiles of symptom-based subgroups in recent-onset psychosis
Authors: Koutsouleris Nikolaos , Buciuman Madalina-Octavia , Vetter Clara Sophie , Weyer Clara Francesca Charlotte , Zhutovsky Paul , Perdomo Santiago Tovar , Khuntia Adyasha , milaneschi yuri , Popovic David , Ruef Anne , Dwyer Dominic , Chisholm Katharine , Kambeitz Lana , Antonucci Linda , Ruhrmann Stephan , Kambeitz Joseph , Riecher-Rössler Anita , Upthegrove Rachel , Salokangas Raimo , Hietala Jarmo , Pantelis Christos , Lencer Rebekka , Meisenzahl Eva , Wood Stephen , Brambilla Paolo , Borgwardt Stefan , Bertolino Alessandro , Falkai Peter
Published: March 2024

Symptom heterogeneity characterizes psychotic disorders and hinders the delineation of underlying biomarkers. Here, we identify symptom-based subtypes of recent-onset psychosis (ROP) patients from the multi-center PRONIA (Personalized Prognostic Tools for Early Psychosis Management) database and explore their multimodal biological and functional signatures. We clustered N = 328 ROP patients based on their maximum factor scores in an exploratory factor analysis on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale items. We assessed inter-subgroup differences and compared to N = 464 healthy control (HC) individuals regarding gray matter volume (GMV), neurocognition, polygenic risk scores, and longitudinal functioning trajectories. Finally, we evaluated factor stability at 9- and 18-month follow-ups. A 4-factor solution optimally explained symptom heterogeneity, showing moderate longitudinal stability. The ROP-MOTCOG (Motor/Cognition) subgroup was characterized by GMV reductions within salience, control and default mode networks, predominantly throughout cingulate regions, relative to HC individuals, had the most impaired neurocognition and the highest genetic liability for schizophrenia. ROP-SOCWD (Social Withdrawal) patients showed GMV reductions within medial fronto-temporal regions of the control, default mode, and salience networks, and had the lowest social functioning across time points. ROP-POS (Positive) evidenced GMV decreases in salience, limbic and frontal regions of the control and default mode networks. The ROP-AFF (Affective) subgroup showed GMV reductions in the salience, limbic, and posterior default-mode and control networks, thalamus and cerebellum. GMV reductions in fronto-temporal regions of the salience and control networks were shared across subgroups. Our results highlight the existence of behavioral subgroups with distinct neurobiological and functional profiles in early psychosis, emphasizing the need for refined symptom-based diagnosis and prognosis frameworks.
Implementing SARS-CoV-2 Routine Surveillance in Antenatal Care in Zambia, 2021-2022: Best Practices and Lessons Learned
Authors: Tembo Tannia , Heilmann Elizabeth , Kabamba Bupe Mulenga , Fwoloshi Sombo , Kalenga Kalubi , Chilambe Felix , Siwinga Mpanji , Rutagwera Marie-Reine , Musunse Maximillian , Kangale Chabu , Yingst Samuel , Yadav Ruchi , Savory Theodora , Gutman Julie R. , Sikazwe Izukanji , Mulenga Lloyd B. , Moore Carolyn Bolton , Hines Jonas Z.
Published: March 2024

Background
Pregnant women are an easily accessible population for HIV and malaria surveillance. The ANC COVID-19 Surveillance study sought to determine SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among pregnant women in Zambia. We provide insight into the challenges, good practices, successes, and lessons learned from the surveillance study.
Methods
Between September 2021 and September 2022, 39 health facilities in four districts enrolled up to 20 pregnant women per month aged 15–49 years attending their first antenatal care visit. Consenting participants completed an electronic questionnaire and provided a blood sample for the SARS-CoV-2 antibody test. Problems and their root causes were defined and documented as they occurred. The most practical and feasible problem-solving strategies were devised, implemented, and monitored to ensure that goals were accomplished.
Results
Overall, 5% of the expected 9,010 SARS-CoV-2 antibody results were unavailable due to missing dried blood spot cards. The Delta and Omicron waves and the division of study districts across two different partners delayed surveillance activities. Ministry of Health staff were trained from a limited pool of health facility staff to conduct study activities. The study incurred unplanned costs for the purchase of additional kits and machine maintenance.
Conclusions
Incorporating SARS-CoV-2 surveillance into routine antenatal care is feasible and potentially sustainable when existing health system infrastructure, human resources, and surveillance platforms are leveraged. Yet, careful planning is needed to anticipate implementation challenges and ensure high-quality data collection.
Exploring the predictive power of sports participation motivation and sports benefits on the health and physical fitness of college students
Authors: Liu Li , Zhang Tingran , Liu Yongsen , Luo Jiong
Published: March 2024

Objective: To explore the relationship between college students' motivation for sports participation, physical activity volume, conscious exercise benefits, and healthy physical fitness.
Method: A random sampling survey method was used to obtain a total of 3700 questionnaires for college students in the Chengdu and Chongqing regions of western China, and SPSS 21.0 was used to statistically process the data obtained.
Result: The BMI status of college students is influenced by their level of physical activity. The higher their level of physical activity, the higher their sense of sports identity and satisfaction; The level of sports participation among college students is significantly lower, with females being significantly lower than males; The main factors affecting the physical fitness of college students include the amount of physical activity, BMI, awareness of sports participation, motivation for participation, and exercise habits.
Conclusion: Motivation for sports participation, physical activity volume, and conscious exercise benefits can significantly predict the health and physical fitness of college students, and this predictive power is mainly reflected in two aspects: lower limb explosive strength and cardiopulmonary fitness.
Assessing the feasibility of test-and-cull and test-and-segregation approaches for the control of bovine tuberculosis in Ethiopian dairy farms
Authors: Lakew Matios , Tadesse Biniam , Sriniva Sreenidhi , Aschalew Muluken , Andarge Bekele , Kebede Dirshaye , Etifu Addisu , Alemu Tena , Yalew Bekele , Benti Teferi , Olani Abebe , Abera Shubisa , Bedada Wegene , Fromsa Abebe , Mekonnen Getnet Abie , Almaw Gizat , Ameni Gobena , Ashenafi Hagos , Gumi Balako , Bakker Douwe , Kapur Vivek
Published: March 2024

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is endemic and has a substantial impact on the livestock sector in Ethiopia and other low and middle-income countries (LMICs). With a national emphasis on dairy farm intensification to boost milk production and spur economic growth, the incidence of bTB is anticipated to rise. However, Ethiopia, like other LMICs, lacks a comprehensive national bTB control strategy due to the economic and social infeasibility of traditional test-and-cull (TaC) approaches. To inform the development of such a strategy, we evaluated the effectiveness and economic implications of TaC and test-and-segregation (TaS) strategies for bTB control on Ethiopian dairy farms. A TaC approach was used at Farm A [N = 62; comparative cervical test (CCT) > 4 mm, starting prevalence 11.3%] while TaS was implemented at Farm B (N = 45; CCT > 4 mm, prevalence 22.2%), with testing intervals of 2–4 months. Both strategies achieved a reduction in bTB prevalence to 0%, requiring seven rounds of TaC over 18 months at Farm A, and five rounds of TaS over 12 months at Farm B. The results show that adopting more sensitive thresholds [CCT > 0 mm or single cervical test (SCT) > 2 mm] during later rounds was pivotal in identifying and managing previously undetected infections, emphasizing the critical need for optimized diagnostic thresholds. Cost analysis revealed that TaC was approximately twice as expensive as TaS, primarily due to testing, labor, and cow losses in TaC, versus construction of new facilities and additional labor for TaS. This underscores the economic and logistical challenges of bTB management in resource-limited settings. Taken together, our study highlights an urgent need for the exploration of alternative approaches including TaS and or vaccination to mitigate within herd transmission and enable implementation of bTB control in regions where TaC is not feasible.
Impact of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in the return to intended oncologic treatment in patients with advanced ovarian cancer.
Authors: Acosta Úrsula , Catalán Sara , Luzarraga Ana , Míguez Marta , Pamies Mónica , Pérez-Benavente Asunción , Sánchez-Iglesias Jose Luis
Published: March 2024

Purpose
Treatment of advanced ovarian cancer (AOC) consists of cytoreductive surgery followed by chemotherapy (CT). Delays between surgery and CT could harm survival. Intensified recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs reduce hospital stay without increasing morbimortality. We hypothesized that ERAS protocols in patients undergoing surgery for AOC allow earlier initiation of CT and improve survival.
Methods
Retrospective cohort study including patients with ovarian, tubal, or primary peritoneal cancer, FIGO stages IIB-IV, undergoing debulking surgery and adjuvant CT at Vall d'Hebron Hospital (Spain). We compared patients within an ERAS protocol and those with conventional management (CONV). Time from surgery to CT, completion of treatment, overall survival and disease-free survival were compared, as well as the impact of adherence to ERAS on time to CT.
Results
We included 137 patients in the ERAS group and 46 in the CONV. CT started at a median of 44.5 days in the ERAS group and 48.5 in the CONV and was completed by 81.8% and 89.1%, respectively, without differences by type of surgery. No correlation between adherence to ERAS and CT onset time was observed, and no differences in survival.
Conclusion
There were no differences in time from surgery to CT, rate of CT completion and survival between patients who follow an ERAS protocol after surgery for AOC or a conventional management. A relationship between adherence to ERAS and an earlier onset of CT wasn't observed. This is the first study to evaluate the time to CT after different types of surgery for AOC within an ERAS protocol.
Effectiveness of Preprocedural Mouthwashes: A Triple-Blind Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: McGrath Colman , Leung Yiu Yan , Neelakantan Prasanna , Chan Kwok Hung , Leung Joy Ka Yi , Hung Fan Ngai , Huang Shan
Published: March 2024

Objective: to determine and compare the effectiveness of three Government-recommended pre-procedural mouthwashes in the mitigation of respiratory pathogens during dental care.
Material and Methods: 228 participants were block-randomised to the pre-procedural mouthwash groups: Povidone-iodine, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Chlorhexidine Digluconate. Participants rinsed with mouthwashes prior to dental treatment. Participants, operators, and assessors were blind to the assigned mouthwashes (triple blind). A multitude of respiratory pathogens (19 viruses including SARS-CoV-2) were assessed. Changes in the prevalence and mean number of ‘any’ pathogen were determined.
Results: All completed the trial and there were no significant differences in the demographic profile with respect to intervention groups (all, P>0.05). The prevalence of ‘any’ detected respiratory viral pathogens in the pre-procedural saliva was 3.5% (8/228) compared to 1.3% (3/228) in post-procedural saliva, P=0.034. The mean number of viruses reduced significantly following pre-procedural mouthwash use: 0.04 (SD 0.18) to 0.01 (SD 0.11), P=0.025. There was no significant difference in the reduction (∆) of ‘any’ detected virus (prevalence), P=0.155, nor any significant reduction in mean number (∆) of ‘any’ detected virus in the post-procedural saliva compared to the pre-procedural saliva of participants with respect to mouthwash used, P=0.375.
Conclusions: The HKSAR recommended practice of pre-procedural mouthwash use was effective in the mitigation of respiratory pathogens during dental aerosol-generating treatment.
Clinical Relevance: The present study lends support for the HKSAR’s policy on pre-proceduralmouthwashes in the mitigation of respiratory pathogens during dental care, this has implications for practice and policy during pandemics.
Joint inversion for magnetotelluric data based on cuckoo search algorithm and least squares method
Authors: Li Ruiyou , Zhang Yong , Ding Xiaohui , Li Min , Zhang Long
Published: March 2024

The main drawback of using traditional linear or quasi-linear methods for magnetotelluric (MT) data inversion is its strong dependence on the initial model, which leads to its tendency to fall into a local optimum. However, the lack of sufficient a priori information makes it difficult to obtain suitable initial models in most geophysical inversions. To solve this problem, a joint approach (CS-MLS) based on the cuckoo search (CS) algorithm and the moving least squares (MLS) method is proposed to perform MT data inversion. The CS algorithm has a good global search performance without being sensitive to the initial model, which is used for the initial search of the stratum model parameter space. The search results are then used as the initial model to explore the quasi-linear inversion based on MLS. The synthetic and field data experiments show that the reliable initial model provided by the CS algorithm has greatly refined the results of the MLS inversion. The joint CS-MLS algorithm has great inversion performance, with significant improvement in inversion efficiency and accuracy, and is especially suitable for MT data inversion without initial information.
A monogenic dominant inheritance of resistance to Berkeleyomyces rouxiae and Berkeleyomyces basicola in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cultivar ‘La Brillante’
Authors: Perdomo David Nataren , Leite Stéfani S. , Torres Tiago Bezerra , Souza Ruthe Lima , Santos Cleberly Evangeliasta , Fonseca Maria E. N. , Cabral Cléia Santos , Reis Ailton , Boiteux Leonardo Silva
Published: March 2024

Black root rot, caused by two Berkeleyomyces species, is a major disease of lettuce in tropical and subtropical areas. The most promising strategy for management of these polyphagous and aggressive pathogens is the deployment of genetic resistance. The heirloom cultivar ‘La Brillante’ displayed resistant reaction against a broad range of isolates of both Berkeleyomyces species (B. basicola and B. rouxiae). Inheritance studies investigating the resistance of ‘La Brillante’ to both pathogens were conducted separately employing F2 populations derived from crosses with the highly susceptible cultivar ‘Elisa’. The hybrid origin of individual F1 plants was assessed via RAPD marker genotyping. Two bona-fide F1 plants were then self-fertilized to obtain two independent F2 segregating populations. The contrasting parents and F2 seedlings were then separately inoculated with B. rouxiae (247 seedlings) and B. basicola (166 seedlings). Chi-square test was employed to assess the goodness of fit of the observed segregation patterns against each pathogen to predicted Mendelian ratios. All ‘Elisa’ plants displayed highly susceptible reactions to both pathogens, whereas all ‘La Brillante’ plants were resistant even under harsh inoculation conditions, indicating high levels of phenotypic penetrance of this trait. The F2 populations inoculated with either B. basicola or B. rouxiae displayed a good fit to 3:1 resistant/susceptible segregation ratios, indicating monogenic dominant resistance to both pathogens. Additional experiments are necessary to verify whether the resistances to B. rouxiae and B. basicola are controlled by either the same gene/locus or distinct genes. This simple monogenic genetic resistance control of B. basicola and B. rouxiae will facilitate the incorporation of these traits into elite lettuce breeding lines and cultivars.