bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perfil das oportunidades no ambiente doméstico para o desenvolvimento infantil
Authors: Goncalves Tobias Ferreira , Frazão Janice de Matos , Frazão Juliane de Matos , Lisbôa Julia Santos , Neves Jucilene Luz , Girard Claudia Cristina Pinto , Ferreira Ilma Pastana
Published: August 2023

Nos últimos anos, cresceu o número de estudos sobre o desenvolvimento infantil, nessa fase, os principais vínculos são fornecidos pela família. Desenvolveu-se um estudo com o objetivo de traçar o perfil das oportunidades do ambiente doméstico capazes de auxiliar na promoção o desenvolvimento motor infantil. Trata-se de um estudo com abordagem quantitativa, descritivo e recorte transversal. No município de Tucuruí (PA), no período de julho e agosto de 2018, através da aplicação de um instrumento adaptado chamado “Affordances no Ambiente Domiciliar para o Desenvolvimento Motor - Escala Bebê (AHMD-IS)”. Foram calculados para cada variável do estudo: Características da Família, Características da criança, Espaço físico, Variedade de estimulação, Brinquedos de motricidade grossa e motricidade fina, e o escore geral do AHEM-IS, estes foram, transferidos e tabulados para uma tabela do Excel 2016 e tratadas no software Bioestat versão 5.0. No perfil dos familiares, percebeu-se que 49 (89,9%) possuí domicílio do tipo: na maioria dos domicílios moram até dois adultos 29 (52,7%) e até duas crianças em 21 (38,1%). A maioria 38 (69,0%) moram a mais de 12 meses no local e completaram o ensino médio 23 (41,8%). Sobre as crianças, a maioria 29 (52,8%) é do sexo masculino. Nunca frequentaram creches ou escolinhas 54 (98,1%), nasceram com 2,500g ou mais 54 (98,2%) e idade gestacional considerada normal 32 (58,19%). Conclui-se que os escores baixos apresentados pelas famílias revelam a extrema necessidades de busca por melhorias no ambiente familiar para que não haja prejuízo ao desenvolvimento infantil e a criança receba o estímulo ambiental e familiar necessário para o seu desenvolvimento.
Fatores de risco relacionados à lesão por pressão em pacientes COVID-19 em unidade de terapia intensiva: revisão integrativa
Authors: Oliveira Lucas Santana de , Melo Adriana da Silva , Campos Luana Ferreira , Lopes Lorenna Emília Sena , Teixeira Rosane Milet Passos , Jesus Carla Viviane Freitas de , Tavares Arthur Cesar de Melo
Published: August 2023

Objetivo: Identificar os principais fatores de risco que estão relacionados ao desenvolvimento de LP em pacientes COVID-19 em UTI. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa com abordagem quali-quantitativa, realizado entre 14 de fevereiro de 2023 a 01 de março de 2023, utilizando as seguintes bases de dados: BVS, LILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO, PUBMED e CINAHL, dos últimos 5 anos. Resultados e Discussão: A busca resultou em 904 publicações, após a filtração baseado nos critérios inclusão e exclusão, leitura dos títulos, resumos e artigos na íntegra, a amostra foi composta por 10 artigos. O tamanho da amostra contemplou uma população de 4087 pacientes diagnosticados com a COVID-19 e que apresentaram a LP. A maior predominância de LP no estudo foi do sexo masculino (n=2140), em comparação com o sexo feminino (n=1647) sendo a região sacral mais acometida com 34%, seguido da região nasal com 21% e a glútea com 16%. Identificou-se como fatores de risco pessoas com idade maiores que 60 anos, comorbidades prévias. Além do uso de dispositivos hospitalares, a pronação, a longa permanência de internação, uso de vasopressores, sedativos e anestésicos, outros dois fatores hipoalbuminemia e a hemoglobina. Considerações Finais: Os pacientes COVID-19 em tratamento na UTI, apresentaram de modo geral, uma combinação de fatores intrínsecos e extrínsecos para o surgimento da LP. O presente estudo serve de subsídio para os profissionais da área da saúde, tanto para prevenção e decisões de condutas quanto prestação de uma assistência de qualidade e diminuição de risco ao paciente.
Uso de cigarro eletrônico e riscos à saúde: Uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Silva Marya Karolinny de Lima , Pachú Clésia Oliveira
Published: August 2023

Os cigarros eletrônicos (CE) são dispositivos que usam do aquecimento de um líquido com substâncias químicas tóxicas e aromatizantes, com diversos tipos, marcas, formas e tamanhos, deixando-os mais atrativos. O maior público é de adolescentes e jovens adultos sendo fumantes ou não. Apesar de não terem a queima e a produção de fumaça, com as substâncias geradas pelos cigarros convencionais (CC), não estão isentos dos efeitos negativos. Esse estudo tem como objetivo falar acerca dos riscos à saúde quanto ao uso de cigarros eletrônicos. Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS E BDENF, sendo achados 18 artigos e após a análise, foram selecionados 8 artigos para amostragem final. Devido as consequências o Brasil foi um dos pioneiros a proibir o uso do CE, que é vendido como um substituto do CC, embora ditos “menos prejudicial" não estão isentos de afetar a saúde. Mas sua popularização tem aumentado cada vez mais, com o público consumidor, passando por toda fiscalização e regularização. Além disso, deixa os mesmos confuso acerca do produto por ter diversos componentes e muito incentivo ao uso. Ficou evidente que apesar dos dados e propagandas sugerirem uma menor toxicidade em relação ao cigarro convencional, não existem estudos que confirmem seu efeito positivo como um uso alternativo. Além das emissões de substâncias citotóxicas e carcinogênicas e a necessidade de decisões políticas e regulatórias sobre o uso dos CEs.
Cryptococcus neoformans e Cryptococcus gattii como causadores de criptococose em pacientes imunossuprimidos: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Silva Beatriz Franco e , Gonzaga Rafaela Rodrigues Dousseau , Venckunas Luciana Simi , Siqueira Ana Beatriz Messias , Nunes Ana Vitória dos Santos , Palma Ana Luiza do Rosário
Published: August 2023

Este estudo objetivou descrever o Cryptococcus neoformans e o Cryptococcus gattii como causadores de criptococose em pacientes imunossuprimidos. Para a realização dessa revisão de literatura do tipo integrativa, foi realizado o levantamento dos artigos na literatura nas bases de dados: LILACS, BVS (biblioteca virtual em saúde), PubMed e Scielo. O levantamento ocorreu entre os meses de outubro a dezembro de 2022. A criptococose é considerada uma micose sistêmica que comumente é observada em pacientes imunossuprimidos. A infecção fúngica invasiva é suscitada pelos fungos Cryptococcus neoformans e Cryptococcus gattii que são encontrados nas excretas de aves, principalmente em fezes de pombos. Em humanos, a infecção criptocócica comumente acontece após o fungo ser inalado e traz consigo desde colonização pulmonar até implicações nas meninges. A maior parte dos pacientes diagnosticados com criptococose, possui uma predisposição identificada relacionada com imunossupressão celular. A propensão mais comum é a infecção pelo HIV, mas também podemos citar situações que abrangem o tratamento prolongado com corticosteróides, receptores de órgãos sólidos, linfocitopenia CD4 idiopática, malignidade avançada, sarcoidose e estados severos de imunossupressão celular. Pacientes imunossuprimidos com criptococose possuem dimensões relatadas de complicações, incluindo meningite criptocócica, taxas de letalidade ou outras variáveis associadas a essas complicações. Dentre os desdobramentos da criptococose nesses pacientes, foram encontrados estudos de caso de criptococose pulmonar, osteomielite criptocócica, criptococose mamária, infecção do sistema nervoso central, criptococose extrameníngea, criptococose disseminada, meningoencefalite e meningite criptocócica. Concluímos que a criptococose causada por Cryptococcus neoformans e Cryptococcus gattii é relatada com regularidade em pacientes imunossuprimidos, o que influencia significativamente a gravidade e taxas de mortalidade por criptococose.
AN ANALYSIS OF MOOD AND SPEECH FUNCTION IN THE TONIGHT SHOW STARRING JIMMY FALLON TALK SHOW
Authors: Nafalia Vina , Hartati Elysa
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to find out the Interpersonal meaning that appeared in a conversation through the analysis of the Mood and speech function employed by the host and the guest star in The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon talk show. In analyzing the data, descriptive qualitative was used to interpret the data. The research findings showed that from the analysis, all of the Mood types were found in the conversation. The frequency of occurrence of types of Moods was 308 declarative, 11 interrogatives, and 5 imperatives. Meanwhile, there were only 3 speech functions out of 4 types of speech functions along with the responses employed by the host and the guest star. The data showed that the conversation was dominated by statements, followed by questions, and the last was command. Besides, both participants mostly responded to the interlocutor's statements by giving acknowledgment or contradiction.  Both the host and the guest star were actively taking turns to initiate giving – a demanding exchange by adopting a speech role and assigning a complementary one to the other. It showed that understanding interpersonal communication was not enough by only analyzing the lexicogrammar of the Mood and speech function through the constructed clauses in any discourse, but more in how the language was able to make meaning and maintain a relationship
SUBSTITUSI VERBAL DALAM WACANA BERITA CNN INDONESIA PASCA-KEBAKARAN DEPO PERTAMINA PLUMPANG TANJUNG PRIOK JAKARTA UTARA
Authors: - Meiliana , . Sumarlam
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji wacana berita melalui aspek kohesi gramatikal substitusi yang memiliki kategori verba. Sebagaimana tidak banyak penelitian yang membahas substitusi verbal dalam wacana berita. Video dalam kanal YouTube resmi CNN Indonesia yang berjudul “Kondisi Terkini Lokasi dan Pengungsian Pasca-Kebakaran Depo Pertamina Plumpang” menjadi objek kajian analisis peranti wacana substitusi dalam penelitian ini. Data diperoleh melalui teknik analisis dokumen dan hasil perolehan datanya berupa transkripsi daripada tuturan lisan. Selanjutnya, data dianalisis dengan metode agih seturut dengan fokus dan tujuan penelitian. Adapun rumusan masalah yang dipecahkan yakni bentuk realisasi kata kerja yang mengalami substitusi dalam wacana berita CNN Indonesia dan fungsi yang diperoleh dari penggantian satuan lingual berkategori verba. Ditemukan 20 variasi verba yang mengalami substitusi verba dalam 10 tuturan koresponden CNN Indonesia. Lewat temuan dan pembahasan ini, terkupas sudah bahwa aspek gramatikal substitusi berkategori verba sangat efektif dalam menerangjelaskan keterkaitan arah maupun konteks wacana yang direalisasikan melalui tata bahasa sehingga tercipta unsur pembeda, menghindari kemonotonan penggunaan satuan ligual, dan mendukung kedinamisan teks.
IMPROVING STUDENTS SPEAKING SKILLS THROUGH DEBATE STRATEGY
Authors: Ina timbu Maria Elisabeth , Bhoko Maria Lusia , Keli Eltrisna Wati
Published: August 2023

In this research, the authors utilize the debate technique to improve students' speaking ability. The main goals of this study were to describe the implementation of the debate technique in teaching speaking and to identify how much the students' speaking ability was improved after being taught by using the debate technique. This study is classroom action research conducted in two cycles. Data were collected using observation, tests, and interviews. Data from observations, tests, and interviews taken from each cycle were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively.  The application of the debate technique in teaching speaking in class XI IPS 1 the high school in Maumere was conducted in two cycles, namely cycle one and cycle two. The participants of this study were 16 students.  The result of this study shows that the use of debate techniques can improve students' speaking skills. This is evidenced by the students' test scores which have increased in each cycle. In the first cycle, the student’s average score was 54.37% and in the second cycle, the student’s average score was 69.37%.  It can be inferred that the debate technique can increase students' interest in speaking and can also upgrade the class to be more favorable
CURCULIGO LATIFOLIA DRYAND. EX W.T.AITON (POTENSI PEMANFAATAN SEBAGAI OBAT TRADISIONAL DAN PEMANIS ALAMI)
Authors: Silalahi Marina
Published: August 2023

Curculigo latifolia (Hypoxidaceae) is a type of Indonesian Indogenous plant which is easily found in various landscapes such as gardens, forests and has started to be cultivated in yards. This study aims to explain the potential of C. latifolia as a natural sweetener and its use as a traditional medicine and its bioactivity. The research method was carried out using library research, especially articles that can be accessed online using the keywords C. latifolia, uses C. latifolia and bioactivity of C. latifolia. C. latifolia has a morphology similar to that of a small palm which is used as a source of fibre, confectionery and traditional medicine. In traditional medicine C. latifolia is used to treat cancer, diabetes mellitus, tumor, eye infections, bacterial infections, fever, osteoporosis, anti-obesity and cardiovascular injuries. The C. latifolia fruit and seeds have great potential to be developed as a natural sweetener instead of sugar. The sweet taste of C. latifolia fruit is related to the content of curculin protein and neoculin protein.
Gambaran Usia Menarche dan Kejadian Dismenore Primer pada Siswi SMA di Kecamatan Sale Rembang
Authors: Syakila Aprilia Qoulan , Widyaningsih Endang Nur
Published: August 2023

Adolescent girls who were experiencing menstruation often experienced primary dysmenorrhea. Primary dysmenorrhea can be triggered by early menarche. Based on the preliminary survey that has been carried out, it is known that 80% of high school students in Sale District of Rembang were experiencing primary dysmenorrhea. This study aimed to determine the description between the age of menarche and the incidence of primary dysmenorrhea in high school students in Sale District of Rembang. The type of research used was observational with a cross sectional approach. Age of menarche was obtained by filling a questionnaire and the incidence of primary dysmenorrhea through filling a Numeric Rating Scale questionnaire. The sampling was using simple random sampling techniques with research subjects obtained as many as 59 people. The statistical test used to determine the correlation between variables are a chi-square test. The results of the univariate analysis obtained on the age of early menarche was 27,1% and the female students who were experiencing primary dysmenorrhea was 79,7%. The results of the bivariate analysis on the age of menarche, a p-value of 0,018 (p<0,05) was shown. There was a significant correlation between the age of menarche and the incidence of primary dysmenorrhea in high school students in Sale District of Rembang. The research suggests that providing counselling about women's reproductive health and the importance of implementing a healthy lifestyle should be given to high school students.
Therapeutic Effectiveness of Brain Computer Interfaces in Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Penev Yordan P. , Beneke Alice , Root Kevin Thomas , Meisel Emily , Kwak Sean , Diaz Michael , Root Julia , Hosseini Mohammad R. , Lucke-Wold Brandon
Published: August 2023

Background: Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are a rapidly advancing field which utilizes brain activity to control external devices for a myriad of functions, including the restoration of motor function. Clinically, BCIs have been especially impactful in patients who suffer from stroke-mediated damage. However, due to the rapid advancement in the field, there is a lack of accepted standards of practice. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to summarize the current literature published regarding the efficacy of BCI-based rehabilitation of motor dysfunction in stroke patients.

Methodology: This systematic review was performed in accordance with the guidelines set forth by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) 2020 statement. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were queried for relevant articles and screened for inclusion criteria by two authors. All discrepancies were resolved by discussion among both reviewers and subsequent consensus.

Results: 11/12 (91.6%) of studies focused on upper extremity outcomes and reported larger initial improvements for participants in the treatment arm (using BCI) as compared to those in the control arm (no BCI). 2/2 studies focused on lower extremity outcomes reported improvements for the treatment arm compared to the control arm.

Discussion/Conclusion: This systematic review illustrates the utility BCI has for the restoration of upper extremity and lower extremity motor function in stroke patients and supports further investigation of BCI for other clinical indications.
METHOD OF CALCULATING UNCERTAINTY OF MEASUREMENT TAKING INTO ACCOUNT
RECOMMENDATIONS ILAC-G8:09/2019
Authors: Volkov Oleksandr , Naumenko Nila
Published: August 2023

It is developed a methodology and software product for calculating measurement uncertainty, as well as rules for conformity assessment bodies on making decisions and conclusions concerning compliance of conformity assessment objects with the requirements stated by the regulation, which enables the conformity assessment bodies to perform necessary calculations of measurement uncertainty and eliminate problematic issues which arise during the conformity assessment due to disparity in the requirements of regulatory documents.
The myosin and RhoGAP MYO9B influences osteocyte dendrite growth and responses to mechanical stimuli
Authors: Lee Beth S. , Murray Cynthia , Liu Jie , Kim Minji , Hwang Min Sik , Yueh Tina , Mansour Myrna , Qamar Sana , Agarwal Gunjan , Kim Do-Gyoon
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Myosin IXB (MYO9B) is an unconventional myosin with RhoGAP activity and thus is a regulator of actin cytoskeletal organization. MYO9B was previously shown to be necessary for skeletal growth and health and to play a role in actin-based functions of both osteoblasts and osteoclasts. However, its role in responses to mechanical stimulation of bone cells has not yet been described. Therefore, experiments were undertaken to determine the role of MYO9B in bone cell responses to mechanical stress both in vitro and in vivo.

Methods: MYO9B expression was knocked down in osteoblast and osteocyte cell lines using RNA interference and the resulting cells were subjected to mechanical stresses including cyclic tensile strain, fluid shear stress, and plating on different substrates (no substrate vs. monomeric or polymerized collagen type I). Osteocytic cells were also subjected to MYO9B regulation through Slit-Robo signaling. Further, wild-type or Myo9b−/− mice were subjected to a regimen of whole-body vibration (WBV) and changes in bone quality were assessed by micro-CT.

Results: Unlike control cells, MYO9B-deficient osteoblastic cells subjected to uniaxial cyclic tensile strain were unable to orient their actin stress fibers perpendicular to the strain. Osteocytic cells in which MYO9B was knocked down exhibited elongated dendrites but were unable to respond normally to treatments that increase dendrite length such as fluid shear stress and Slit-Robo signaling. Osteocytic responses to mechanical stimuli were also found to be dependent on the polymerization state of collagen type I substrates. Wild-type mice responded to WBV with increased bone tissue mineral density values while Myo9b−/− mice responded with bone loss.

Discussion: These results demonstrate that MYO9B plays a key role in mechanical stress-induced responses of bone cells in vitro and in vivo.
Case Report: Mycobacterium kansasii causing infective endocarditis explored by metagenomic next-generation sequencing
Authors: Yang Liuqing , Peng Ling , Yuan Ke , Cai Kanru , Feng Cheng , Yang Gendong , Wang Shunyao , Zhu Xiuyun , Zhang Jieyun , Wang Fuxiang , Lu Hongzhou
Published: August 2023

In this report, we describe the first case of infective endocarditis caused by Mycobacterium kansasii in a 45-year-old male patient who presented with a 10-day fever and decompensated cirrhosis. Despite negative results in blood culture and pathology, we employed metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to analyze the genome sequences of both the host and microbe. The copy number variation (CNV) indicated a high risk of liver disease in the patient, which correlated with biochemical examination findings. Notably, M. kansasii sequences were detected in peripheral blood samples and confirmed through Sanger sequencing. Unfortunately, the patient’s condition deteriorated, leading to his demise prior to heart surgery. Nevertheless, we propose that mNGS could be a novel approach for diagnosing M. kansasii infection, particularly in cases where blood culture and pathology results are unavailable. It is important to consider M. kansasii infection as a potential cause of endocarditis and initiate appropriate anti-infection treatment.
The influence of cultural orientation on the entrepreneurial motivation of Chinese female returnee entrepreneurs—From the perspective of cultural integration
Authors: Zhang Yaqiong
Published: August 2023

With the rapid development of China's economy, entrepreneurship plays an important role in advancing social and economic development. Along with the wave of global entrepreneurship, female entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial activities in China have thrived. Further more, cultural orientation can shape entrepreneurs' entrepreneurial motivation, thereby creating different types of enterprises. Based on the self-construction theory, this paper is devoted to the analysis of the influence of cultural orientation, cultural integration on female returnee entrepreneurs' entrepreneurial motivation. A total of 488 Chinese female returnee entrepreneurs participated in the survey. The structural equation modeling (SEM) and multi-group analysis were used to evaluate the relationship between the model structures. It provides a new perspective on the relationship between female returnee entrepreneurs' cultural orientation, entrepreneurial motivation, and the role of cultural integration. The results show that due to the influence of globalization and diversified cultural background, the cultural orientation of Chinese female returnee entrepreneurs tends to be more feminine rather than traditional masculine, and they pay more attention to meeting the entrepreneurial motivation of opportunity, such as interests, self-value expression and market opportunities, rather than simple survival. Cultural orientation has a significant influence on the entrepreneurial motivation of Chinese female entrepreneurs, and cultural integration plays a moderating role in this influence. The last part of the paper summarizes the theoretical and practical significance.
Prediction of dynamic liquid level in water-producing shale gas wells based on liquid film model
Authors: Nie Jie , Qiao Lingxi , Wang BenQiang , Wang Weiyang , Li Mingzhong , Zhou Chenru
Published: August 2023

The accumulation of liquid in shale gas wells will lead to an increase in bottom-hole pressure, and a decrease in production, even the shutdown of gas wells. Accurately predicting the variation of liquid height in shale gas wellbore and the corresponding production is helpful to determine the liquid accumulation status and the development of reasonable drainage construction plans. It can provide theoretical support for the efficient and stable production of shale gas wells. A predictive analysis model of shale gas wellbore liquid accumulation was established based on a liquid film carrying model, which considers the coupling of flow in the reservoir and wellbore in shale gas production system. This model can accurately predict the liquid accumulation height, production rate, and the bottomhole pressure changes in liquid-accumulating gas wells. A comparative analysis was conducted on the effect of wellbore structure on liquid accumulation characteristics in the typical upward-type and downward-type horizontal wells in the W block. In upward-type horizontal wells, the liquid height increases slowly before the liquid accumulation fills the horizontal section, and the liquid height increases rapidly after the liquid accumulation fills the horizontal section. Compared to upward-type horizontal wells, the liquid height rises more quickly and the gas production rate is more sensitive to liquid accumulation in downward-type horizontal wells.
Sonotopes reveal dynamic spatio-temporal patterns in a rural landscape of Northern Italy
Authors: Farina Almo , Mullet Timothy C. , Bazarbayeva Tursynkul A. , Tazhibayeva Tamara , Polyakova Svetlana , Li Peng
Published: August 2023

A sonotope is characterized as a sonic patch that forms a hierarchical link between a finer, local scaled acoustic community and the coarser landscape scaled sonoscape. Unfortunately, the concept of sonotopes has yet to be empirically supported. We tested the hypothesis that a spatially explicit sample of sonic information from a heterogeneous landscape would exhibit spatially unique sonotopes with distinct spatio-temporal patterns and acoustic communities. We used the Acoustic Complexity Index (ACItf) to analyze sonic information (WAV) gathered from an array of 10 sound recorders deployed within a lattice of 10, 4-ha hexagonal sample sites distributed evenly throughout a 48-ha undivided heterogeneous landscape in Northern Italy. We examined the temporal patterns of sonic activity (ACItf) between seasons (March – July and August – November 2021) and across five astronomical periods of a 24-h day (Night I, Morning Twilight, Day, Evening Twilight, and Night II). We used cluster analyses to identify sonotopes from groupings of similar ACItf values for each sample site and visualized the spatial arrangements of sonotopes throughout our study area between seasons and among astronomical periods. Sonic activity from bird biophonies increased in March – July during the Day but in August – November greater sonic activity shifted to crepuscular and nocturnal periods with the biophonies from crickets. Sonotopes exhibited spatially unique, dynamic arrangements of patch size and placement depending on the season and astronomical period. We discuss how acoustic communities and continuous geophonies play a role in the arrangement of sonotopes and their relation to the sonoscape.
Natalizumab-immunogenicity evaluation in patients with infusion related events or disease exacerbations
Authors: Ciano-Petersen Nicolás Lundahl , Aliaga-Gaspar Pablo , Hurtado-Guerrero Isaac , Reyes Virginia , Rodriguez-Bada José Luis , Rodriguez-Traver Eva , Brichette-Mieg Isabel , Leyva Fernández Laura , Serrano-Castro Pedro , Alonso Ana , Oliver-Martos Begoña
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Natalizumab is a biologic drug for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis that may induce the generation of anti-drug antibodies in some patients. Anti-natalizumab antibodies (ANA) increase the risk of adverse events and reduce efficacy, being useful biomarkers for monitoring treatment response.

Methods

Retrospective observational study including MS patients treated with natalizumab that experienced infusion-related events (IRE) or disease exacerbations (DE). ANA were tested by Elisa including a screening and a confirmation assay. Patients were further classified as transient (one positive result) or persistent (two or more positive results) ANA.

Results

A total of 1251 MS patients were included and 153 (12.3%) had ANA with at least one single point determination, which were more frequent among patients with IRE compared to those with DE (21,6% vs.10.8%) during the first six infusions. Two or more determinations ANA were performed in 184 patients, being 31.5% permanently positive and 7.1% transiently positive. Interestingly, 26.1% of patients that experienced DE had persistent ANA, while 2.6% were transient. In contrast, 43% of patients with IRE had persistent ANA, and 9.3% had transient antibodies. Patients with persistent antibodies had more frequently high levels at the first sampling compared to patients with transient ANA.

Conclusion

Real-world evidence shows that the presence of ANA is behind an important percentage of patients treated with natalizumab that experience IRE, as well as DE but in a lower degree. These findings support the need to systematically evaluate ANA towards a personalized management of these patients to avoid undesired complications.
β-Glucans in particulate and solubilized forms elicit varied immunomodulatory and apoptosis effects in teleost macrophages in a dosedependent manner
Authors: Wu Zhelin , Yang Yanjian , Li Jiadong , Bossier Peter , Wei Xiayi , Guo Zheng , Han Biao , Ye Jianmin
Published: August 2023

β-Glucans are a group of heterogeneous glucose polymers that possess immunomodulatory activities. The complex nature of their structures, uncertainty regarding the doses, and variable immune effects pose a challenge to comprehensive understanding. In this study, we investigated the immune responses and apoptosis effects in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) head kidney macrophages (MФ) upon exposure to two β-Glucans (Paramylon and Laminarin) at low and high doses. Our results demonstrate that Paramylon elicits more robust immune responses than Laminarin, albeit with a dose-limiting effect. We also observed that the high-dose Paramylon induces apoptosis, whereas no such effect was detected in Laminarin treatment. Mechanistically, high-dose Paramylon activates the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, with significantly up-regulation of intrinsic apoptosis-related genes and impaired mitochondrial function. On the other hand, Laminarin triggers metabolic reprogramming in MФ, resulting in the enrichment of the metabolite α-Ketoglutarate, which protects the MФ from apoptosis. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of identifying the optimal dose range for β-Glucans, based on sources or structures, to achieve maximal immunomodulatory effects. These results have important implications for the design and optimization of β-Glucans-based drugs or adjuvants in immunotherapies.
Diabetes in childhood cancer survivors: emerging concepts in pathophysiology and future directions
Authors: Bhandari Rusha , Armenian Saro H. , McCormack Shana , Natarajan Rama , Mostoufi-Moab Sogol
Published: August 2023

With advancements in cancer treatment and supportive care, there is a growing population of childhood cancer survivors who experience a substantial burden of comorbidities related to having received cancer treatment at a young age. Despite an overall reduction in the incidence of most chronic health conditions in childhood cancer survivors over the past several decades, the cumulative incidence of certain late effects, in particular diabetes mellitus (DM), has increased. The implications are significant, because DM is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of premature death in childhood cancer survivors. The underlying pathophysiology of DM in cancer survivors is multifactorial. DM develops at younger ages in survivors compared to controls, which may reflect an “accelerated aging” phenotype in these individuals. The treatment-related exposures (i.e., chemotherapy, radiation) that increase risk for DM in childhood cancer survivors may be more than additive with established DM risk factors (e.g., older age, obesity, race, and ethnicity). Emerging research also points to parallels in cellular processes implicated in aging- and cancer treatment-related DM. Still, there remains marked inter-individual variability regarding risk of DM that is not explained by demographic and therapeutic risk factors alone. Recent studies have highlighted the role of germline genetic risk factors and epigenetic modifications that are associated with risk of DM in both the general and oncology populations. This review summarizes our current understanding of recognized risk factors for DM in childhood cancer survivors to help inform targeted approaches for disease screening, prevention, and treatment. Furthermore, it highlights the existing scientific gaps in understanding the relative contributions of individual therapeutic exposures and the mechanisms by which they exert their effects that uniquely predispose this population to DM following cancer treatment.
Evaluation of polymyxin B AUC/MIC ratio for dose optimization in patients with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection
Authors: Wang Peile , Liu Shaohua , Qi Guangzhao , Xu Min , Sun Tongwen , Yang Jing
Published: August 2023

Polymyxin B has been used as a last-line therapy for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacterial infection. The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic index (AUC/MIC) of polymyxin B has not been clinically evaluated, given that the broth microdilution method for polymyxin susceptibility testing is rarely used in hospitals. This study analyzed data from 77 patients with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infections. Among the samples, 63 K. pneumoniae isolates had MIC values of 1.0 mg/L as measured by broth microdilution but 0.5 mg/L as measured using the Vitek 2 system. Polymyxin B AUC/MIC was significantly associated with clinical response (p = 0.002) but not with 30-day all-cause mortality (p = 0.054). With a target AUC/MIC value of 50, Monte Carlo simulations showed that a fixed dose of 100 mg/12 h and three weight-based regimens (1.25 mg/kg/12 h for 80 kg and 1.5 mg/kg/12 h for 70 kg/80 kg) achieved a cumulative fraction of response >90% regardless of renal function, but the risk of nephrotoxicity was high. For patients with carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae infections, the underestimation of polymyxin resistance in automated systems need to be taken into account when optimizing polymyxin B dosing based on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic principles.
Natural infection with Leishmania (Mundinia) martiniquensis supports Culicoides peregrinus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as a potential vector of leishmaniasis and characterization of a Crithidia sp. isolated from the midges
Authors: Kaewmee Saowalak , Mano Chonlada , Phanitchakun Thanari , Ampol Rinnara , Yasanga Thippawan , Pattanawong Urassaya , Junkum Anuluck , Siriyasatien Padet , Bates Paul A. , Jariyapan Narissara
Published: August 2023

The prevalence of autochthonous leishmaniasis in Thailand is increasing but the natural vectors that are responsible for transmission remain unknown. Experimental in vivo infections in Culicoides spp. with Leishmania (Mundinia) martiniquensis and Leishmania (Mundinia) orientalis, the major causative pathogens in Thailand, have demonstrated that biting midges can act as competent vectors. Therefore, the isolation and detection of Leishmania and other trypanosomatids were performed in biting midges collected at a field site in an endemic area of leishmaniasis in Tha Ruea and a mixed farm of chickens, goats, and cattle in Khuan Phang, Nakhon Si Thammarat province, southern Thailand. Results showed that Culicoides peregrinus was the abundant species (>84%) found in both locations and only cow blood DNA was detected in engorged females. Microscopic examination revealed various forms of Leishmania promastigotes in the foregut of several C. peregrinus in the absence of bloodmeal remnants, indicating established infections. Molecular identification using ITS1 and 3’UTR HSP70 type I markers showed that the Leishmania parasites found in the midges were L. martiniquensis. The infection rate of L. martiniquensis in the collected flies was 2% in Tha Ruea and 6% in Khuan Phang, but no L. orientalis DNA or parasites were found. Additionally, organisms from two different clades of Crithidia, both possibly new species, were identified using SSU rRNA and gGAPDH genes. Choanomastigotes and promastigotes of both Crithidia spp. were observed in the hindgut of the dissected C. peregrinus. Interestingly, midges infected with both L. martiniquensis and Crithidia were found. Moreover, four strains of Crithidia from one of the clades were successfully isolated into culture. These parasites could grow at 37°C in the culture and infect BALB/c mice macrophages but no multiplication was observed, suggesting they are thermotolerant monoxenous trypanosomatids similar to Cr. thermophila. These findings provide the first evidence of natural infection of L. martiniquensis in C. peregrinus supporting it as a potential vector of L. martiniquensis.
Identity crisis of nanostructures inside the human body: a perspective on inflammation
Authors: Saha Sarmistha , Saso Luciano
Published: August 2023

Advances in nanotechnology have attracted a lot of potential medical applications, such as therapeutic agents, diagnostics, and theranostics for complex diseases. The intersection of nanotechnologies, molecular and cell biology, and medicine can function to improve human health and quality of life, making healthcare a primary target of nanotechnology research. However, this seems like a promising future, ethical, health, and safety concerns must be considered before a reasoned evaluation of the situation can be made. Most nanostructures, however, typically fail to reach their intended targets because they get trapped inside innate immune cells. Since little is known about how nanomaterials and nanotechnologies change their identity inside the biological system, there is a wide-ranging discussion on possible concerns. In this regard, we present a perspective on how biological systems may interact with nanoscale materials and how that interaction might affect cellular recognition of nanostructures. We will also discuss dynamic modifications of the nanomaterials inside biological systems and, in particular, inflammation responses.
Timing of therapeutic interventions against infection-triggered encephalopathy syndrome: a scoping review of the pediatric literature
Authors: Nagase Hiroaki , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Tokumoto Shoichi , Ishida Yusuke , Tomioka Kazumi , Nishiyama Masahiro , Nozu Kandai , Maruyama Azusa
Published: August 2023

Our goal was to conduct a scoping review of the literature on the treatment of infection-triggered encephalopathy syndrome/acute encephalopathy in children, focusing on treatment targets and treatment initiation timing. We performed literature searches using PubMed for articles reporting treatments of infection-triggered encephalopathy syndrome/acute encephalopathy. We included articles describing specific treatments for acute encephalopathy with control groups. For the purpose of searching new therapies only experimentally tried in the case series, we also included case series studies without control groups in this review, if the studies contained at least two cases with clear treatment goals. Therapies were classified based on their mechanisms of action into brain protection therapy, immunotherapy, and other therapies. We operationally categorized the timing of treatment initiation as T1 (6–12 h), T2 (12–24 h), T3 (24–48 h), and T4 (>48 h) after the onset of seizures and/or impaired consciousness. Thirty articles were included in this review; no randomized control study was found. Eleven retrospective/historical cohort studies and five case–control studies included control groups with or without specific therapies or outcomes. The targeted conditions and treatment timing varied widely across studies. However, the following three points were suggested to be effective in multiple studies: (1) Careful seizure management and targeted temperature management within 12 h (T1) of onset of febrile seizure/prolonged impaired consciousness without multiple organ failure may reduce the development of acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion; (2) immunotherapy using corticosteroids, tocilizumab, or plasma exchange within 24 h (T1–T2) of onset of acute necrotizing encephalopathy may reduce sequelae; and (3) anakinra therapy and ketogenic diet demonstrate little evidence of neurologic sequelae reduction, but may reduce seizure frequency and allow for weaning from barbiturates, even when administered weeks (T4) after onset in children with febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome. Although available studies have no solid evidence in the treatment of infection-triggered encephalopathy syndrome/acute encephalopathy, this scoping review lays the groundwork for future prospective clinical trials.
Dual-band polarimetric HRRP recognition via a brain-inspired multi-channel fusion feature extraction network
Authors: Yang Wei , Zhou Qiang , Yuan Mingchen , Li Yang , Wang Yanhua , Zhang Liang
Published: August 2023

Radar high-resolution range profile (HRRP) provides geometric and structural information of target, which is important for radar automatic target recognition (RATR). However, due to the limited information dimension of HRRP, achieving accurate target recognition is challenging in applications. In recent years, with the rapid development of radar components and signal processing technology, the acquisition and use of target multi-frequency and polarization scattering information has become a significant way to improve target recognition performance. Meanwhile, deep learning inspired by the human brain has shown great promise in pattern recognition applications. In this paper, a Multi-channel Fusion Feature Extraction Network (MFFE-Net) inspired by the human brain is proposed for dual-band polarimetric HRRP, aiming at addressing the challenges faced in HRRP target recognition. In the proposed network, inspired by the human brain’s multi-dimensional information interaction, the similarity and difference features of dual-frequency HRRP are first extracted to realize the interactive fusion of frequency features. Then, inspired by the human brain’s selective attention mechanism, the interactive weights are obtained for multi-polarization features and multi-scale representation, enabling feature aggregation and multi-scale fusion. Finally, inspired by the human brain’s hierarchical learning mechanism, the layer-by-layer feature extraction and fusion with residual connections are designed to enhance the separability of features. Experiments on simulated and measured datasets verify the accurate recognition capability of MFFE-Net, and ablative studies are conducted to confirm the effectiveness of components of network for recognition.
Primary renal malignant epithelioid angiomyolipoma with distant metastasis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wang Wen-Juan , Chen Li-Hong , Wang Ning , Wang Ming-Wen , Liu Hao , Pang Li-Juan , Jiang Han-Guo , Qi Yan
Published: August 2023

Epithelioid angiomyolipoma (EAML) is a rare type of mesenchymal angiomyolipoma with potential malignancy in the kidney that can cause lymph node metastases, local recurrence, and distant metastases. Herein, we describe a case of EAML in the right kidney of a 51-year-old man who was admitted to the hospital with a right abdominal mass. Computed tomography revealed a heterogeneously enhanced mass with blurred margins, which was considered a malignant tumor. A radical nephrectomy was then performed. Two years later, the patient developed liver metastases from EAML and was administered sintilimab combined with bevacizumab. The patient survived after 6 months of follow-up. Histologically, the tumors showed clear boundaries and no obvious capsules. The tumor tissue mainly consisted of epithelioid tumor cells, thick-walled blood vessels, and a small amount of adipose tissue. Tumor cells with lipid vacuoles and acinar areas were large, round, polygonal, eosinophilic, or transparent in the cytoplasm. The enlarged and hyperchromatic nuclei were accompanied by distinct nucleoli and pathological mitosis. These histopathological findings resembled those of renal cell carcinoma, and immunohistochemical analysis was performed. The tumor cells were diffusely positive for HMB45, Melan-A, CK20, vimentin antibodies, and TFE3, suggesting that the tumor originated from perivascular epithelioid cells, excluding renal cell carcinoma. The Ki-67 index was 10%. These histopathological features were observed in liver mass puncture tissues. We also summarized 46 cases of EAML with distant metastasis and explored the clinicopathological features of EAML to improve the treatment of the disease. EAML is often ignored in the clinical setting, leading to metastasis and recurrence. Therefore, EAMLs require long-term follow-up, and timely detection of recurrent disease can improve the prognosis.
Clinical application of superselective transarterial embolization of renal tumors in zero ischaemia robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy
Authors: Li Haichang , Hu Yuning , Lu Dongning , Wang Jingyun , Lin Yanze , Zhong Xugang , Mou Yixuan , Yao Cenchao , Wang Zhida , Zhang Xinyu , Wo Qijun , Liu Hanbo , Liu Feng , Zhang Dahong , Wang Heng
Published: August 2023

Objective

To assess the feasibility and safety of zero ischaemia robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RALPN) after preoperative superselective transarterial embolization (STE) of T1 renal cancer.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the data of 32 patients who underwent zero ischaemia RALPN after STE and 140 patients who received standard robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (S-RALPN). In addition, we selected 35 patients treated with off-clamp RALPN (O-RALPN) from September 2017 to March 2022 for comparison. STE was performed by the same interventional practitioner, and zero ischaemia laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) was carried out by experienced surgeon 1-12 hours after STE. The intraoperative data and postoperative complications were recorded. The postoperative renal function, routine urine test, urinary Computed Tomography (CT), and preoperative and postoperative glomerular filtration rate (GFR) data were analyzed.

Results

All operations were completed successfully. There were no cases of conversion to opening and no deaths. The renal arterial trunk was not blocked. No blood transfusions were needed. The mean operation time was 91.5 ± 34.28 minutes. The mean blood loss was 58.59 ± 54.11 ml. No recurrence or metastasis occurred.

Conclusion

For patients with renal tumors, STE of renal tumors in zero ischaemia RALPN can preserve more renal function, and it provides a safe and feasible surgical method.