bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining Article 36 of the United Nations Charter, the judicial responsibility of the International Court of Justice in settling disputes between countries in international lawsuits
Authors: Mahmoudi Narges , Bozorgmehr Isa
Published: May 2024

Field and Aims: This article focuses on Article 36 of the UN Charter and examines the jurisdiction and responsibilities of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in resolving disputes. The aim Is to strengthen the resolution of International disputes and enhance the role of the ICJ in the United Nations.
Method: This research uses the normative legal research method to analyze the provisions and cases through qualitative analysis of documentary data and library materials.
Finding and Conclusion: findings indicate that the International Court of Justice has jurisdiction over cases referred to it and matters specified in the UN Charter and relevant treaties. The jurisdiction of the ICJ includes treaty interpretation, dealing with issues of international law, determining breaches, and awarding reparations. The court's decisions are binding and require compliance by states. Article 36 leads to declaratory judgments, compensation, and restitution in integrum. However, the jurisdiction of the ICJ is limited and relies on the consent of states for effectiveness.
Investigating the Role of Meaning Therapy in People with Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior
Authors: Solgi Khorshid
Published: May 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to review the role of meaning therapy in suicidal people from various domestic and foreign sources in the past few years.
Research method: The present research method was review-library. Thus, the keywords of semantic therapy, suicide and mental disorders in the search engines of Persian article banks including scientific information database (SID), Noormags, Magiran and Civilica and foreign article banks including Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus in the period 2000-2021 was searched and selected articles were selected for this research.
Results: The research findings indicate the numerous studies of domestic and foreign researchers on the subject of meaning therapy. The results showed that different types of psychotherapy approaches, especially meaning therapy, which is more culturally close to our country, can play an effective role in helping suicidal people.
Conclusion: Existential approaches such as meaning therapy can play a useful role in reducing suicidal thoughts and behavior in clients that should be considered in psychotherapy sessions.
Ottoman heritage in Serbia on a cultural route: students’ attitudes
Authors:   Geographical Institute „Jovan Cvijić“, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Djure Jakšića 9, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia, Terzić Aleksandra , Bjeljac Željko , Ćurčić Nevena
Published: May 2024

Cultural heritage is an important part of the cultural identity of any nation. The care of cultural heritage includes the protection and preservation of the material heritage of the majority nation and the heritage of all other ethnic communities that have left their cultural traces in the area under consideration. The protection of cultural heritage reflects the maturity of a society. That’s why the approach to the protection of cultural monuments should not be selective, narrow and strictly national, but comprehensive, preserving the cultural values of earlier eras and peoples as a general civilisational asset. The research aims to reveal how today’s youth perceive the Ottoman heritage in Serbia, their emotional relationship with it, and whether they recognise the Ottoman heritage as a possible resource for tourism in Serbia. The results indicate that the student population perceives the positive aspects of the Ottoman era in this region, as reflected in the legacy of Oriental culture and the multi-ethnic and multicultural order, to a large extent. Architectural heritage, gastronomy and intangible heritage (language and literature, legends, music, dances, traditions) are largely recognised as representative of the Ottoman cultural heritage and foreign influences on national culture. Their potential for tourism has also been recognised. However, the possible obstacles in the development process of the cultural route are foreseen in strong nationalism and negative collective memory, which were identified as key barriers.
Alternative currencies, community support and social cohesion: why the Okinawan moai (模合) is closer to an informal social policy mechanism than to a standard ROSCA
Authors:   Institute for International Conflict Resolution and Reconstruction, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Dublin City University, Ireland, Polese Abel
Published: May 2024

To challenge the notion of the Okinawan moai as a Rotating Saving and Credit Association, this article provides a short overview of the practice before reflecting on an interesting pattern. While moai has been phased out in most of Japan, it persists in some areas where, incidentally, life expectancy is higher than the rest of the country (and of much of the rest of the world). Expanding upon the idea that moai’s main function is social rather than economic makes it possible to suggest the existence of alternative currencies that, although less tangible than money, have a major role in the people’s lives, create mutual dependency and ultimately enhance people’s wealth, intended here to refer not to economic wealth but also in a more inclusive or socially mediated manner including social relations, happiness, a sense of protection and so on.
Doce recomendaciones para avanzar hacia la igualdad sociodigital en la vejez
Authors: Suárez-Gonzalo Sara
Published: May 2024

El informe Desigualdad digital y vejez: la brecha digital que todavía hay que cerrar analiza los datos más relevantes y actualizados sobre digitalización y gente mayor, y propone doce recomendaciones para reducir la brecha sociodigital en Cataluña. El estudio, coescrito por Mireia Fernández-Ardèvol, Sara Suárez Gonzalo e Isabel Sáenz Hernández, se puede consultar entero en la web del Consejo Asesor del Parlamento sobre Ciencia y Tecnología (CAPCIT) del Parlamento de Cataluña.
Deep Learning Algorithm Forecasting the Unemployment Rates in the Central European Countries
Authors: Madaras Szilárd
Published: May 2024

The aim of this paper is to forecast the monthly unemployment rate’s time series using deep learning algorithms. Based on data from five Central European countries, we tested the forecasting performance of the ‘conventional’ Box–Jenkins methodology in comparison with three deep learning models: the CNN (Convolutional Neural Network), the MLP (Multilayer Perceptron) and the random forest algorithm. The MAPE, MAE, RRMSE, and MSE error tests were used for testing the forecasting results. In our results, the ARIMA model was outperformed by one of the deep learning algorithms in all cases. The medium-term predictions suggest that in the Central European area, unemployment will remain relatively high in the future.
Avaliação in silico do perfil de expressão gênica do sindecam-4 nos diferentes subtipos de tumores de mama
Authors: Melo Carina Mucciolo , Pereira Laura Romanholi de Oliveira , Ferreira Ariane Carolina , Silva Mariane de Barros Ribeiro da , Pinhal Maria Aparecida da Silva
Published: May 2024

Introdução: O câncer de mama corresponde a uma das principais causas de morte em mulheres. Os tumores luminais A e B apresentam boa resposta com tratamentos hormonais, os tumores que superexpressam HER-2 podem ser tratados com anticorpos monoclonais, já os tumores triplo-negativos apresentam poucos tratamentos disponíveis por apresentarem expressão baixa ou ausente dos receptores hormonais e HER-2, além de pior progressão tumoral. Os sindecans são proteoglicanos de heparam sulfato que tem função de interagir com fatores de crescimento, citocinas e matriz extracelular, modulando assim processos importantes na progressão tumoral. Objetivo: Analisar a expressão o sindecam-4 nos diferentes subtipos de tumores de mama. Métodos: A bioinformática vem se mostrando útil para estudo de novos biomarcadores. No presente estudo, foi analisado o banco de dados TCGA (514 pacientes) e Metabric (1898 pacientes) utilizando o software cBioportal. Foram analisados os dados de expressão gênica por RNA-Seq e Microarray. Resultados: Foi verificada alteração de expressão gênica do sindecam-4 entre os diferentes subtipos de tumores de mama. Pacientes com tumor triplo-negativo tiveram a expressão diminuída para sindecam-4 em ambos os bancos de dados. Conclusão: Foi verificado que sindecam-4 parece ser um potencial biomarcador em tumores de mama, a expressão diminuída de sindecam-4 parece estar relacionada a um pior prognóstico.
Comportamento sexual de risco e conhecimento sobre infecções sexualmente transmissíveis em uma população universitária na cidade de Sorocaba/SP
Authors: Barros Paula Munhoz de , Barros Milena Munhoz de , Barioni Eric Diego , Nascimento Beatriz Birelli do , Loiola Rodrigo Azevedo , Oliveira Filho Lourival Antunes de , Trapé Carla Andrea , Rocha Gustavo Henrique de Oliveira , Oliveira Rômulo Tadeu Dias de
Published: May 2024

Introdução: As infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST) são um grande problema de saúde pública, ao qual os jovens apresentam alta exposição, sendo necessário um maior conhecimento sobre as vulnerabilidades que os acometem. Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento sobre as IST e o comportamento sexual de uma população universitária na cidade de Sorocaba/SP. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo descritivo, de corte transversal, com a coleta de dados realizada por meio de aplicação online de questionário com características qualitativas e quantitativas. Resultados: Quatrocentos e setenta e sete (477) universitários de diferentes áreas de conhecimento foram avaliados. A maioria dos relatos apontou para o início da vida sexual entre 15 e 18 anos. As informações sobre educação sexual foram obtidas principalmente por intermédio dos pais e/ou responsáveis, enquanto pouco conhecimento adicional foi obtido após o ingresso no Ensino Superior. Estudantes de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde alcançaram o maior score no questionário sobre conhecimento e apresentaram chances menores (0,391) de contrair IST, quando comparados aos estudantes de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas ou Engenharias (2,8 e 2,9 mais chances, respectivamente). Conclusão: Os estudantes que demonstraram maior conhecimento sobre as IST e que adquiriram mais informações sobre o tema durante a graduação apresentaram chances menores de se infectar, o que sugere que campanhas destinadas ao público universitário são essenciais para a prevenção e o controle desses patógenos.
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria: Influence to abiotic stress tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Sonowal Trinayana , Gupta Namrata , Kumar Sanjeev , Rustagi Sarvesh , Rai Ashutosh Kumar , Singh Sangram , Shreaz Sheikh , Negi Rajeshwari , Yadav Ajar Nath
Published: May 2024

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has been shown to govern a number of aspects of plant development, enabling the plant to survive and adapt to its surroundings, in response to unfavorable conditions that are abiotic in nature. As a staple crop, rice is particularly vulnerable to a variety of abiotic stresses including drought, salt, heavy metal toxicity, and high temperatures. In tandem, these stresses have a significant detrimental impact on rice productivity and quality. PGPR is a rhizosphere-dwelling microorganism that can improve plant development through a variety of distinctive methods, including nutrient uptake, phytohormone synthesis, modification of plant stress signaling pathways, and stimulation of stress-responsive genes. In this review, we studied the several abiotic pressures that are encountered and how PGPR can aid in resisting the stresses with a focus on rice crop, we additionally look at how PGPR minimize the dependency of agricultural soils on pesticides and chemical fertilizers. PGPR contributes to the long-term sustainability of ecosystems, plant productivity, and soil health by promoting environmentally friendly and sustainable farming practices.
Choline supplementation in early life improves and low levels of choline can impair outcomes in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Chartampila Elissavet , Elayouby Karim S , Leary Paige , LaFrancois John J , Alcantara-Gonzalez David , Jain Swati , Gerencer Kasey , Botterill Justin J , Ginsberg Stephen D , Scharfman Helen E
Published: May 2024

Maternal choline supplementation (MCS) improves cognition in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) models. However, the effects of MCS on neuronal hyperexcitability in AD are unknown. We investigated the effects of MCS in a well-established mouse model of AD with hyperexcitability, the Tg2576 mouse. The most common type of hyperexcitability in Tg2576 mice are generalized EEG spikes (interictal spikes [IIS]). IIS also are common in other mouse models and occur in AD patients. In mouse models, hyperexcitability is also reflected by elevated expression of the transcription factor ∆FosB in the granule cells (GCs) of the dentate gyrus (DG), which are the principal cell type. Therefore, we studied ΔFosB expression in GCs. We also studied the neuronal marker NeuN within hilar neurons of the DG because reduced NeuN protein expression is a sign of oxidative stress or other pathology. This is potentially important because hilar neurons regulate GC excitability. Tg2576 breeding pairs received a diet with a relatively low, intermediate, or high concentration of choline. After weaning, all mice received the intermediate diet. In offspring of mice fed the high choline diet, IIS frequency declined, GC ∆FosB expression was reduced, and hilar NeuN expression was restored. Using the novel object location task, spatial memory improved. In contrast, offspring exposed to the relatively low choline diet had several adverse effects, such as increased mortality. They had the weakest hilar NeuN immunoreactivity and greatest GC ΔFosB protein expression. However, their IIS frequency was low, which was surprising. The results provide new evidence that a diet high in choline in early life can improve outcomes in a mouse model of AD, and relatively low choline can have mixed effects. This is the first study showing that dietary choline can regulate hyperexcitability, hilar neurons, ΔFosB, and spatial memory in an animal model of AD.
Semantic relatedness proactively benefits learning, memory, and interdependence across episodes
Authors: Bennion Kelly A. , Phong Jade , Le Mytien , Cheng Kunhua , Wahlheim Christopher N. , Antony James W.
Published: May 2024

Over the past century of memory research, the interplay between initial and later-learned information in determining long-term memory retention has been of central interest. A likely candidate for determining whether initial and later memories interfere with or strengthen each other is semantic relatedness. Relatedness has been shown to
retroactively
boost initial memory and increase the interdependence between earlier and more recent experiences in memory. Here, we investigated the converse relationship of how relatedness
proactively
affects later memory for paired associates. In five experiments (
N
= 1000 total), we varied the relatedness between initial and later cues, initial and later targets, or both. Across experiments and conditions, relatedness profoundly benefited later-learned memories – in some conditions, low relatedness reliably produced proactive interference (versus a control condition) while high relatedness produced proactive facilitation within the same experiment. Additionally, relatedness also accelerated learning and increased interdependence between initial and later-learned pairs. In sum, we demonstrate the robust effects of relatedness in scaffolding memory for recently learned information and creating strong integrative links with prior experiences.
Visualization of endogenous G proteins on endosomes and other organelles
Authors: Jang Wonjo , Senarath Kanishka , Feinberg Gavin , Lu Sumin , Lambert Nevin A
Published: May 2024

Classical G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling takes place in response to extracellular stimuli and involves receptors and heterotrimeric G proteins located at the plasma membrane. It has recently been established that GPCR signaling can also take place from intracellular membrane compartments, including endosomes that contain internalized receptors and ligands. While the mechanisms of GPCR endocytosis are well understood, it is not clear how well internalized receptors are supplied with G proteins. To address this gap, we use gene editing, confocal microscopy, and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer to study the distribution and trafficking of endogenous G proteins. We show here that constitutive endocytosis is sufficient to supply newly internalized endocytic vesicles with 20–30% of the G protein density found at the plasma membrane. We find that G proteins are present on early, late, and recycling endosomes, are abundant on lysosomes, but are virtually undetectable on the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and the medial-trans Golgi apparatus. Receptor activation does not change heterotrimer abundance on endosomes. Our findings provide a subcellular map of endogenous G protein distribution, suggest that G proteins may be partially excluded from nascent endocytic vesicles, and are likely to have implications for GPCR signaling from endosomes and other intracellular compartments.
Communication behavior recognition using CNN-based signal analysis
Authors: Meng Hao , Lei Yingke , Teng Fei , Wang Jin , Liu Changming , Lou Caiyi
Published: May 2024

This article explores the technology of recognizing non-cooperative communication behavior, with a specific emphasis on analyzing communication station signals. Conventional techniques for analyzing signal data frames to determine their identity, while precise, do not have the ability to operate in real-time. In order to tackle this issue, we developed a pragmatic architecture for recognizing communication behavior and a system based on polling. The method utilizes a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) to segment data, hence improving its ability to recognize various communication activities. The study assesses the reliability of CNN in several real-world scenarios, examining its accuracy in the presence of noise interference, varying lengths of interception signals, interferences at different frequency points, and dynamic changes in outpost locations. The experimental results confirm the efficacy and dependability of the convolutional neural network in recognizing communication behavior in various contexts.
Determination of Vancomycin Minimum Inhibitory Concentration in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus by Various Phenotypic Methods: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sangwan Jyoti , Lohan Kirti , Mane Pratiratibha
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a global threat, causing nosocomial and community-acquired infections, thus significantly contributing to morbidity and mortality. These organisms often exhibit Multidrug Resistance (MDR) to various groups of antimicrobials. The emergence of reduced susceptibility to vancomycin and resistance further exacerbates the problem, leaving clinicians with few therapeutic options to treat serious, life-threatening infections. Aim: To determine the vancomycin susceptibility of MRSA using various phenotypic methods. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, SHKM Government Medical College, Nalhar, Haryana, India, from February 2019 to January 2020. All MRSA isolates were included, totaling 66 MRSA isolates. MRSA isolates were screened using the cefoxitin disc (30 μg) according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommended disc diffusion method. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of vancomycin was determined using phenotypic methods such as broth dilution, agar dilution and Epsilometer test (E-test). Demographic details such as age, sex, site of the sample and diagnosis were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using the Pearson’s product-moment correlation. The significance level was set at a probability of <0.05 with a confidence interval of 95%. Results: A total of 66 (30.3%) isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were identified as MRSA using standard laboratory tests and were studied for vancomycin MIC using phenotypic methods: Broth dilution, agar dilution and E-test. Vancomycin- intermediate S. aureus (VISA) was observed in 54.5%, 42.4% and 51.5% of MRSA by E-test, agar dilution and broth dilution, respectively. The presence of Vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) was not detected in the region. When compared with broth dilution, E-test results demonstrated higher accuracy (97%) than agar dilution (90.9%). Conclusion: The present study highlights the emergence of VISA in more than 40% of the MRSA in the region. The higher MIC of vancomycin emphasises the need for strict adherence to antibiotic prescription guidelines to prevent further emergence of vancomycin resistance.
ITINERÁRIO PERCORRIDO EM MATEMÁTICA DOS DISCENTES EM CURSO DE EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL E TECNOLÓGICA:
Authors: Giordano Carlos Vital , Vieira Wagner Antonio Rodrigues
Published: May 2024

A investigação examina a trajetória de discentes do curso técnico de administração, em instituição de ensino técnico profissional, inicialmente nos componentes que envolvem diretamente a matemática e em seguida nos componentes atrelados por aplicabilidade, ou seja, apresentam demanda considerável na utilização de cálculos anteriores para a sua sedimentação. As distinções por direções de progresso, regresso ou estagnação na evolução juntamente com as respectivas compreensões é a justificativa para a necessidade da apuração. O método selecionado se dá por meio de pesquisa descritiva, alcance exploratório e correlacional, característica documental e abordagem quantitativa. Os resultados tabulados e expostos por gráficos e tabelas exibem os percentuais e direções apontadas ao longo da trilha suportada por matemática, indicando diferenças devidamente observáveis entre os módulos em investigação . O cruzamento de dados revela ainda a correlação, relevante, tendo o absenteísmo escolar como agente corroborativo na direção dos conceitos ao longo da trajetória trissemestral.
DIVULGAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA NA EDUCAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS:
Authors: Venturi Tiago , Katchor Daiana Aline
Published: May 2024

A pandemia de Covid-19 e um contexto de desinformação fez emergir a importância da divulgação científica no contexto nacional, inclusive na escola. Como consequência, são imprescindíveis reflexões acerca da formação de professores e suas necessidades para estratégias didáticas na educação em ciências. Nesse estudo objetivou-se analisar a percepção de futuros professores acerca da utilização da divulgação científica como ferramenta para os processos de ensino de ciências e biologia e suas necessidades formativas, em um curso de licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas. A pesquisa qualitativa utilizou-se da análise textual discursiva. As categorias finais emergentes foram: a) o que é ciência e porque confiar; b) divulgação científica e os veículos de divulgação; c) divulgação científica como disciplina. Os resultados demonstraram que os futuros docentes reconhecem a importância da divulgação científica e de sua utilização em sala de aula, porém apresentam dificuldades em sua inserção devido às deficiências formativas na formação inicial.
ABORDAGEM TEMÁTICA NO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS: UM OLHAR E ANÁLISE SOBRE UM RECORTE DA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA RECENTE
Authors: Esser Larissa , Clement Luiz
Published: May 2024

No Ensino de Ciências, a Abordagem Temática possibilita significativas contribuições para a superação da fragmentação inerente aos processos de ensino e aprendizagem tradicionais – conteudistas e descontextualizados. A Abordagem Temática assume como pressuposto uma mudança e lógica relativa ao papel dos conteúdos conceituais nas ações educativas, isto é, a conceituação científica é subordinada ao tema. O presente artigo apresenta resultados de uma análise sobre um recorte da produção científica divulgada em periódicos, mediante a realização de uma revisão sistemática com o propósito de caracterizar a forma com que a Abordagem Temática vem sendo discutida e incorporada no cenário atual da pesquisa em Ensino de Ciências. A revisão contemplou um total de 74 artigos que foram analisados e categorizados. Da análise é possível constatar que a Abordagem Temática vem tomando espaço nas publicações e discussões da área de Educação em Ciências, com um significativo número de trabalhos de sala de aula pautados nesta perspectiva. Este aspecto e os resultados atingidos nestas investigações, fortalece a defesa prol Abordagem Temática, evidenciando sua representatividade e importância no Ensino de Ciências. Entender como a Abordagem Temática é utilizada no contexto escolar ajuda a delimitar potencialidades e dificuldades didático-pedagógicas em vivências no contexto escolar.
СРЕДНЕВЕКОВЫЙ САН-ТАШСКИЙ КАРАВАН-САРАЙ - СВИДЕТЕЛЬ СЕЙСМИЧЕСКИХ КАТАСТРОФ НА ВЕЛИКОМ ШЕЛКОВОМ ПУТИ
Authors: Корженкова Л. А. , Кичуткин А. С. , Корженков А.М. , Макеев В.М.
Published: May 2024

С помощью археосейсмологического метода в 2023 г. исследовался археологический памятник в восточной части Иссык-Кульской котловины. В Сан-Ташском средневековом караван-сарае были выявлены и замерены горизонтальные смещения стен по разрывам, оползание башен по сейсморвам и наклоны, выдвижения и обрушения стен. Источником сейсмических подвижек стала одна из сейсмогенерирующих зон, проходивших поблизости (Талдысуйская или Южно-Иссыккульская). Интенсивность сейсмических колебаний, судя по горизонтальным смещениям стен караван-сарая, составляла не менее I,≥ IX баллов. Возможный возраст сейсмического события, приведшего к разрушению и покиданию средневекового поселения, - XI-XI11 вв. Это время последних подвижек по Южно-Иссыккульскому разлому (его восточной части - Каркаринскому разлому). Полученные материалы помогут уточнить сейсмическую опасность Северного Прииссыккулья, продлить архив сейсмических катастроф вглубь веков, а также определить влияние сильных землетрясений на развитие цивилизации в Тянь-Шане. Эти данные станут дополнением к созданию Новой карты сейсмического районирования Кыргызской Республики, а также помогут понять характер сейсмотектонических деформаций и местоположения очагов сильных землетрясений в постплатформенных орогенах, таких как Алтай, Саяны и Тянь-Шань.
ХИМИЧЕСКИЙ СОСТАВ ТИТАНОСОДЕРЖАЩИХ ПЕСЧАНИКОВ ПРОДУКТИВНОГО УЧАСТКА ЯРЕГСКОГО МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЯ
Authors: Ушаков К. М.
Published: May 2024

В исследовании рассмотрен рудоносный пласт Ярегского нефтетитанового месторождения Южного Тимана, который состоит из нефтеносных кварцевых песчаников с лейкоксеном (тонкозернистой минеральной смесью на основе оксидов Ti). Был проведен химический анализ тяжелой фракции проб, разделенных на классы по крупности зерен после дробления, и получены данные по содержанию редкоземельных элементов в многокомпонентной комплексной руде. Также представлены результаты химического опробования продуктивного пласта.
Az agrárszakképzés szerepe a munkaerő-utánpótlásban 2022
Authors: Hamza Eszter , Király-Gál Karola Viktória , Rácz Katalin
Published: May 2024

Jelen tanulmány a hazai agrár-munkaerőpiacon és agrárszakképzésben jelentkező főbb folyamatokat mutatja be az elérhető statisztikai adatok, továbbá az Agrárminisztérium és a Nemzeti Agrárgazdasági Kamara támogatásával az Agrárközgazdasági Intézet által elvégzett munkaerőpiaci és tanulói felmérések alapján.
Bio-Efficacy of Different Insecticides Against Soybean Leaf Folder, Omiodes indicata (Fabricius, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Anil Methuku , Hugar Shiddalingappa V , R Channakeshava
Published: May 2024

A study was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station (UAS, Dharwad), Sankeshwar, Karnataka during Kharif 2022-23 to assess the effectiveness of different insecticides against soybean leaf folder, Omiodes indicata. Among five treatments, lambda cyhalothrin 4.6 % + chlorantraniliprole 9.3 % ZC @ 0.4 ml l-1 exhibited the lowest mean population of soybean leaf folder, Omiodes indicata on 5th and 10th day after spray with 2.12 and 0.98 larval population per meter row length, respectively which was followed by emamectin benzoate 5 % SG @ 0.3 g l-1 (3.03 and 1.83 larvae per meter row length).  Lambda cyhalothrin 4.6 % + chlorantraniliprole 9.3 % ZC was found to be the best effective treatment with 81.97 % reduction over control followed by emamectin benzoate 5 SG (71.61 %). Similar results were obtained with per cent defoliation.
Linear Spectral Method for Simulating the Generation of Regular Waves by a Moving Bottom in a 3-dimensional Space
Authors: Jung Jae-Sang , Lee Changhoon
Published: May 2024

In this study, we introduce a linear spectral method capable of simulating wave generation and transformation caused by a moving bottom in a 3-dimensional space. The governing equations are linear dynamic free-surface boundary conditions and linear kinematic free-surface boundary conditions, which are solved in Fourier space. Solved velocity potential and free-surface displacement should satisfy continuity equation and kinematic bottom boundary condition. For numerical analysis, a 4th order Runge-Kutta method was utilized to analyze the time integral. The results obtained in Fourier space can be converted into velocity potential and free-surface displacement in a real space using inverse Fourier transform. Regular waves generated by various types of moving bottoms were simulated with the linear spectral method. Additionally, obliquely generated regular waves using specified bottom movements were simulated. The results obtained from the spectral method were compared to analytical solutions, showing good agreement between the two.
Multiferroics with Spiral Spin Orders
Authors: Tokura Yoshinori , Seki Shinichiro
Published: December 2009

Cross correlation between magnetism and electricity in a solid can host magnetoelectric effects, such as magnetic (electric) induction of polarization (magnetization). A key to attain the gigantic magnetoelectric response is to find the efficient magnetism–electricity coupling mechanisms. Among those, recently the emergence of spontaneous (ferroelectric) polarization in the insulating helimagnet or spiral‐spin structure was unraveled, as mediated by the spin‐exchange and spin–orbit interactions. The sign of the polarization depends on the helicity (spin rotation sense), while the polarization direction itself depends on further details of the mechanism and the underlying lattice symmetry. Here, we describe some prototypical examples of the spiral‐spin multiferroics, which enable some unconventional magnetoelectric control such as the magnetic‐field‐induced change of the polarization direction and magnitude as well as the electric‐field‐induced change of the spin helicity and magnetic domain.
Technical note: A new three‐dimensional technique for high resolution quantitative recording of perikymata
Authors: Bocaege E. , Humphrey L.T. , Hillson S.
Published: December 2009

The number and spacing of incremental markings at the enamel surface, known as perikymata, are considered important indicators of dental growth patterns, as they provide information on crown formation times and the underlying developmental processes. This study explores the potential of a new three‐dimensional technique for the reconstruction of dental growth profiles, using teeth from a medieval child from Abingdon, Oxfordshire. The crowns of three anterior teeth were imaged and analyzed using the Alicona 3D InfiniteFocus imaging microscope. Individual perikyma grooves can be unambiguously identified on a profile of the reconstructed enamel surface and direct distances between successive pairs of perikyma grooves can be calculated from coordinate data. This quantitative approach constitutes a more objective way to record perikymata spacing than current methods. Am J Phys Anthropol 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reversible electrical behavior with strain for a carbon black‐filled rubber
Authors: Jha V. , Thomas A. G. , Bennett M. , Busfield J. J. C.
Published: December 2009

Most unfilled elastomers exhibit a high electrical resistance. Fillers are usually added to elastomers to enhance their mechanical properties. Frequently the filler type used is an electrically conductive carbon black and the inclusion of such fillers reduces the resistivity of the elastomer compound. Previous work has shown that for elastomers containing high abrasion furnace, carbon black fillers such as N330 (or N300 series) at a volume fraction above the percolation threshold the resistivity changes with strain, the precise resistivity versus strain behavior being nonlinear and irreversible for conventional carbon black fillers. A strain‐measuring device, deriving strain directly from a measure of the resistivity, requires that the behavior be reversible and reproducible from cycle to cycle. This work presents the electrical resistivity behavior of a natural rubber (NR) compound filled with Printex XE2 carbon black. This type of filler has a significantly different morphology to the N300 series blacks examined previously. The Printex was incorporated into the rubber at a volume fraction above its percolation threshold and its behavior is contrasted to that observed with N300 series carbon black‐filled NR. Here, and for the first time, reversible electrical resistivity dependence with strain is reported for an elastomer filled with Printex XE2. This reversible behavior under strain opens up the possibility of applications, such as a flexible load sensor, pressure sensor, or switch. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Synthesis, characterization, and coordination behavior of copoly(styrene‐maleimide) functionalized with terpyridine
Authors: Koohmareh Gholam Ali , Sharifi Morteza
Published: December 2009

A maleimide functionalized terpyridine, 4′(4‐maleimidophenyl)‐2, 2′ : 6′, 2″‐terpyridine, was synthesized and copolymerized with styrene via radical polymerization. The synthesized monomer was characterized by CHN elemental analysis, FT‐IR, 1H NMR, and Mass spectrometry. The structure of polymer was also confirmed by FT‐IR and UV‐Vis spectroscopy. The resulting polymer was soluble in chloroform and polar aprotic solvents, and showed an inherent viscosity of 1.5 dL/g in N,N‐dimethyl formamide at 25°C. The polymer solution in CHCl3/methanol showed a metal‐ligand charge‐transfer band of 586 nm upon addition of Fe(II) ion, exhibiting that coordination between terpyridine units and Fe(II) had occurred. The thermal stability of polymer before and after complexation with Fe(II) was examined by thermogravimetric analysis. For polymer before complexation, the weight loss started at 180°C whereas for complexed polymer it started at 260°C, which demonstrates good thermal stability of complexed polymer. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile and its amidoxime derivative onto chitosan
Authors: Mohamed Riham Rashad , Sabaa Magdy Wadid
Published: December 2009

Acrylonitrile (AN) was investigated as an important monomer for the graft copolymerization onto chitosan. A number of variables in the grafting reaction were investigated, including initiator and monomer concentration, duration, and temperature of the polymerization reaction. The graft copolymers were evaluated in terms of graft yield, grafting efficiency and % homopolymer. Moreover, modification of grafted chitosan was done by changing the nitrile group (CN) to the amidoxime group (CNOH). Certain characterization for both the grafted Chitosan (Ch‐g‐PAN) and its amidoxime derivative ‐as compared to the parent polymer‐ are measured including the swell ability property, dye uptake, surface morphology, and metal uptake property. The results obtained reflect the feasibility for using Ch‐g‐PAN as absorbent for both Ni2+ and Co2+ ions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Structure and properties of novel regenerated cellulose films prepared from cornhusk cellulose in room temperature ionic liquids
Authors: Cao Yan , Li Huiquan , Zhang Yi , Zhang Jun , He Jiasong
Published: December 2009

Cornhusk cellulose was regenerated using the ionic liquids viz., 1‐allyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) and 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate (EmimAc). The cast cellulose films were characterized by FTIR, WAXD and SEM techniques. Their mechanical properties were also studied. These studies indicated that AmimCl and EmimAc are good solvents for the regeneration of cornhusk cellulose. The regenerated cornhusk cellulose (RCC) was found to be cellulose (II) with dense structure. The films cast from AmimCl exhibited good mechanical properties; the tensile modulus and strength were as high as 6 GPa and 120 MPa respectively, whereas these values for those films cast using EmimAc were found to be 4.1 GPa and 47 MPa respectively. Further, it was observed that after regeneration, the solvents could be effectively recycled. Thus a novel nonpolluting process of forming RCC films from agricultural waste was developed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Synthesis of starch esters in ionic liquids
Authors: Xie Wenlei , Shao Li , Liu Yawei
Published: December 2009

Chemical modification of corn starches with succinic anhydride or acetic anhydride was carried out using 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) as a reaction medium. The reaction progress was followed in terms of the degree of substitution (DS) for the starch derivatives. The results showed that the homogeneous esterification of starch at 5 : 1 molar ratio of anhydride/anhydroglucose units at 100°C led to formation of acetates with DS ranging from 0.37 to 2.35 and succinates with DS ranging from 0.03 to 0.93. Moreover, the reaction media applied could be easily recycled and reused. Further, the formation of starch esters was confirmed by the presence of the carbonyl signal in the FTIR and NMR spectra. It was shown that the starch granules were mostly converted from their crystalline structure into amorphous state in the ionic liquid system under the given reaction conditions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Effect of the processing parameters on the surface resistivity of acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber/multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites
Authors: Cho Byung‐Mook , Kim Gue‐Hyun
Published: December 2009

In this study, acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR) was melt‐mixed with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Because the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of composites are strongly influenced by the filler's state of dispersion and the extent of filler breakage during processing, the processing conditions are very important parameters. The effects of the mixing time, rotor speed, cooling rate, and sulfur concentration on the surface resistivity were investigated. Increasing the rotor speed from 20 to 60 rpm at mixing times of 15 and 30 min led to an increase in the surface resistivity from around 104 to 1011 Ω/square. However, at a mixing time of 7 min, the surface resistivity slightly decreased with increasing rotor speed. When slow cooling was applied, a surface resistivity of 104 Ω/square was obtained at around 2‐phr MWCNTs. However, when the fast cooling was applied, a surface resistivity of 106 Ω/square was obtained at 5‐phr MWCNTs. The tensile strength and tensile modulus at 300% elongation were improved with the addition of MWCNTs into NBR. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Effect of the filler size and content on the thermomechanical properties of particulate aluminum nitride filled epoxy composites
Authors: Yung K. C. , Zhu B. L. , Yue T. M. , Xie C. S.
Published: December 2009

Polymer matrix composites based on brominated epoxy as the matrix and aluminum nitride (AlN) particles as the filler were prepared. The influences of the size, content, and size distribution of AlN on the thermomechanical properties, including the glass‐transition temperature (Tg), coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), dynamic storage modulus (E′), dynamic loss modulus (E″), and loss factor (tan δ), of the composites were investigated by thermomechanical analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis. There was a total change trend for Tg; that is, Tg of the composites containing nano‐aluminum nitride (nano‐AlN; 50 nm) was lower than that of the micro‐aluminum nitride (micro‐AlN; 2.3 μm) filled composites, especially at high nano‐AlN contents. The Tg depression of the composites containing nano‐AlN was related to the aggregation of nano‐AlN and voids in the composites. On the other hand, the crosslink density of the epoxy matrix decreased for nano‐AlN‐filled composites, which also resulted in a Tg depression. The results also show that E′ and E″ increased, whereas tan δ and CTE of the composites decreased, with increasing the AlN content or increasing nano‐AlN fraction at the same AlN content. These results indicate that increasing the interfacial areas between AlN and the epoxy matrix effectively enhanced the dynamic modulus and decreased CTE. In addition, at a fixed AlN content of 10 wt %, a low E′ of pre‐Tg (before Tg temperature) and high Tg were observed at the smaller weight ratio of nano‐AlN when combinations of nano‐AlN plus micro‐AlN were used as the filler. This may have been related to the best packing efficiency at that weight ratio when the bimodal filler was used. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Poly(vinyl chloride)/metallic oxides/organically modified montmorillonite nanocomposites: Preparation, morphological characterization, and modeling of the mechanical properties
Authors: Rodolfo Antonio , Innocentini‐Mei Lucia Helena
Published: December 2009

Poly(vinyl chloride), metallic oxides (from copper, molybdenum, and zinc), and organically modified montmorillonite (O‐MMT) nanocomposites were prepared in a melt‐blending or intercalation‐in‐the‐molten‐state process. The morphology of the nanocomposites was evaluated with X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Properties, such as the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, and the dynamic thermal stability against dehydrochlorination were also evaluated. Nanocomposites with a hybrid intercalated/exfoliated structure were obtained in all of the situations considered, as demonstrated by the XRD and TEM results and indirectly by the increment of Young's modulus of the formulations with increasing amount of O‐MMT incorporated. The modeling of Young's modulus by the Halpin–Tsai, Hui–Shia, and Lewis–Nielsen theories showed that the process of nanocomposite preparation allowed the aspect ratio of the clay particles to increase; these values were comparable to those nanocomposites obtained by other researchers with different polymeric matrices and methodologies. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Synthesis of graft copolymers based on polyphenylene xylylene and fullerene grafted polystyrene
Authors: Wootthikanokkhan J. , Thanachayanont C. , Seeponkai N.
Published: December 2009

Graft copolymers containing poly(phenylene xylyene) (PPX) backbone and polystyrene fullerene (PSFu) grafting chains (PPX‐g‐PSFu) were prepared by using a purposed synthetic route comprising a combination of reaction mechanisms namely the modified Wessling route, an iniferter polymerization, and an atom transfer radical addition (ATRA). The monomer was first prepared by reacting dichloroxylene with tetrahydrothiophene. After that the monomer was polymerized in a sodium hydroxide solution to provide a polymer precursor. Subsequently, the polymer precursor was modified by reacting it with a dithiocarbamate (DTC) compound. The macroiniferter was obtained and then copolymerized with styrene and chloromethylstyrene via an iniferter polymerization. Finally, the graft copolymer was reacted with fullerene through an ATRA technique to attach the C60 groups onto the graft copolymer molecule. The products obtained from each of the steps were characterized by using various techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, UV–visible spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis. The aforementioned results suggest that the graft copolymers were prepared. The grafting yield and grafting efficiency were found to increase with the monomers concentration and the amount of DTC used. Some homopolymer contaminants also occurred but those could be minimized and subsequently removed by extraction with selective solvents. These graft copolymer products might be used for the development of a bulk heterojunction polymer solar cell. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Solvothermal process for grafting dibutylmaleate onto poly(ethylene‐co‐1‐octene)
Authors: Yu Juan , Qi Rongrong , Liu Qiaochu
Published: December 2009

Solvothermal process was successfully developed to graft dibutylmaleate (DBM) onto poly(ethylene‐co‐1‐octene) (POE) with dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as free radical‐initiator. FTIR spectra demonstrate that DBM is successfully grafted onto the backbone of POE by this novel method. The influences of DBM content, DCP concentration, POE concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time on the grafting copolymerization have been investigated in detail through grafting degree (GD). It is worthy to indicate that high grafting degree (above 15%) can be achieved through the one‐pot way when the graft reaction is carried out in 40 mL toluene at 150°C for 5 h with 1.6 g DBM, 6–8 g POE and 0.35 g DCP. This developed solvothermal process is becoming an effective way to prepare POE‐g‐DBM graft copolymers, and can be extended to other systems. In addition, TGA results show that the thermal properties of POE are enhanced after the grafting reaction. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Multivariable fuzzy decoupling control of the polymer electromagnetism dynamic extrusion process
Authors: Wen Sheng‐Ping , Jiang Jing , Qu Jin‐Ping , Jin Gang
Published: December 2009

The plastic electromagnetism dynamic extruder has gained wide applications because of its novel structure and fine engineering performance. In the polymer processing, melt temperature and melt pressure control is crucial to the quality of the extruded product. A new multivariable fuzzy decoupling control algorithm of melt temperature and melt pressure for the novel extruder is introduced in the transfer function matrix system, which is obtained through the experimental data with system identification. To verify the application of the proposed control algorithm, the multivariable closed‐loop fuzzy decoupling system is implemented on programmable computer controller. Experimental results show melt temperature and melt pressure can be successful individually controlled by the heater power and the screw speed. The good system performance verifies the control strategy's validity. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Study on the properties of nano‐TiO2 particles modified silk fibroin porous films
Authors: Xinxing Feng , Lan Zhou , Hailin Zhu , Jianyong Chen
Published: December 2009

Using the freeze‐drying method, Nano‐TiO2/silk fibroin porous films were synthesized with different ratios of TiO2 to silk fibroin solution. Through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), tensile strain, and water‐solubility tests, the structures and properties of these porous films were characterized. The SEM results indicated that the pores of the nano‐TiO2/silk fibroin porous films were uniformly distributed by the freeze‐drying method. The XRD analysis indicated that the formation of nano‐TiO2 particles might induce a conformational transition of silk fibroin from the typical Silk I to the typical Silk II structure partly with an increase in the crystallinity of the porous films. Compared with the pure silk fibroin porous films, the mechanical properties of nano‐TiO2/silk fibroin porous films were improved, and its heat transition temperature was also enhanced; however, the water‐solubility of this material was diminished. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010