bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LEISHMANIOSE VISCERAL EM ÁREAS PRIORITÁRIAS DO MUNICÍPIO DE PRESIDENTE PRUDENTE/SP
Authors: BUENO E. S. B. , HANAMOTO G. S. A. , FAGUNDES N. M. , D'ANDREA L. A. Z.
Published: July 2022

Leishmaniose visceral (LV) é uma zoonose de distribuição mundial e fatal se não tratada precocemente. Objetivo foi avaliar as ações de vigilância e controle da LV em áreas prioritárias do município de Presidente Prudente/SP. Dados foram fornecidos pelo CCZ, vigilância epidemiológica da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde e Centro de Laboratório Regional Instituto Adolfo Lutz de Presidente Prudente (CRPP). Foram testados 48.365 animais, sendo 16.864 em 2018, 17.402 em 2019, 6.179 em 2020 e 7.920 janeiro a outubro de 2021, com positividade crescente para LVC (Leishmaniose visceral canina) de 1,9%, 2,2% e 3,8%, respectivamente e discreta redução em 2021 (2,9%). O padrão de distribuição espacial da LVC no município foi irregular no território e foi trabalhado ações de vigilância e controle da LV em seis áreas críticas em 2020: Maré Mansa–Imperial, São Sebastião–Residencial Jardins, Vila Formosa, Cedral– Monte Alto, Cláudia Glória–Santa Helena e São Matheus, com positividade média para LVC de 1,67%, valor inferior ao encontrado em 2020 (3,8%) no município. Provavelmente isso ocorreu por baixa circulação do parasita e de intensas ações realizadas em anos anteriores nessas áreas. Além disso, a positividade encontrada no bairro Monte Carlo em 2020 (3,9%) foi similar ao terceiro inquérito de 2018 (4,1%), ao do bairro Cedral–Monte Alto (3%) e a média da área urbana do ano de 2020 (3,8%). Ressalta-se, nesse sentido, que o bairro Monte Carlo é um fragmento do território representativo da situação epidemiológica da doença. Assim o projeto zeladoria foi uma importante ferramenta no combate a LV, sendo necessário dar continuidade nas ações de vigilância em saúde focadas em áreas prioritárias (críticas).
AVANÇOS NO DIAGNÓSTICO DA EUROANGIOSTRONGILÍASE: DOS TESTES INTRADÉRMICOS AO SEQUENCIAMENTO GENÔMICO E PESQUISAS COM MIRNA
Authors: SOUZA F. C. R. , BACCIN A. O. , MELO L. C. V.
Published: July 2022

O nematóide Angiostrongylus cantonensis é o principal agente causador da meningite eosinofílica no mundo. Em humanos, a infecção ocorre pela ingestão acidental ou habitual de hospedeiros intermediários ou paratênicos infectados pelo metaestrongilídeo. Entretanto, para fechar um quadro de neuroangiostrongilíase é necessário associar os sintomas clínicos, dados epidemiológicos, presença de eosinofilia e/ou eosinorraquia e encontro de larvas do parasito no LCR, PCR positiva ou exames imunológicos reagentes. Contudo, cada método de diagnóstico apresenta limitações importantes, tratando-se de uma patologia de difícil identificação. Assim, torna-se fundamental a realização de pesquisas que busquem métodos mais efetivos para a execução do diagnóstico laboratorial da patologia. Neste contexto, este trabalho levantou a evolução das técnicas de diagnóstico da neuroangiostrongilíase, reunindo informações que possam auxiliar na introdução desta parasitose no rol de possíveis causas de meningite eosinofílica no Brasil. Além disso, busca também respaldar investigações epidemiológicas, laboratoriais e proporcionar conhecimento aos profissionais da saúde.
COVID-19: It’s Impact on Job Security and Employees Attrition of Selected Aviation Companies in Lagos State
Authors: ADIO Lateef A
Published: July 2022

The global widespread of Covid-19 disease has led to an unparalleled unemployment disaster cum employees’ market surprises and it is anticipated to bring in distinct systemic substitute and prolonged problems for global works. This study tries to investigate the impact of Covid-19 on job security and employees’ attrition of selected aviation companies in Lagos State. A cross-sectional design and simple random sampling technique were employed. A questionnaire was employed as the research instrument for the study with 269 respondents adjudged usable. Multiple regression and correlation analyses were employed to determine the hypotheses of the study. The hypotheses result showed that job security (r = 0.450, p < 0.05), employees’ attrition (r = 0.275, p < 0.05) and lay off and unemployment (F = 33.237; p =0.000) were significantly impacted by Covid-19. The study recommends that National governments and various bodies such as World Health Organizations (WHO) to introduce policies and guidelines that will cushion the impacts of Covid-19 on employees’ job security,’ attrition and lay off and unemployment in terms of taxes reductions, improved safety measures, contingencies approaches, reductions of levies on licenses, public awareness, relaxation of aviation laws in terms pilots renewal licenses, reduction of airline fuel price, reduction of parking lots of the aircrafts, supporting the airlines with funds and adequate incentives would curb employees attrition, job security and employment and would allow the aviation sector to rise again as in the past before the final solution to eradicate the pandemic.
Research on the Impact of Digital Economy on Regional Innovation Capability
Authors: Wang Huiling , Ling Yue
Published: July 2022

In this paper, an evaluation system of digital economy development level is constructed based on China's provincial panel data from 2011 to 2019, and ridge regression method is used to test whether digital economy development promotes innovative knowledge condensation and market transformation. The results show that the development of digital economy significantly promotes the knowledge condensation of innovation, but has no significant impact on the market transformation of innovation. Besides, the development of digital economy has significant heterogeneity in the innovation knowledge condensation and market transformation of the three regions. The suggestions are that precise measures should be taken in the three regions, labor and capital investment should be increased in basic and applied research and experimental development research.
A Summary of Research on the Application of Independent Director System in China
Authors: Chen Yan
Published: July 2022

As a supervisory system, the independent director system should be a fair third party. However, for a long time, due to "soft mouthed and short handed", it has gradually become a "vase", and even a channel for major shareholders of some companies to share benefits with "relatives and friends". In the recent case of corporate financial fraud, independent directors were sentenced to assume joint and several liability for compensation, and then dozens of enterprises saw the resignation of independent directors, which aroused the attention of the society to independent directors. A large number of scholars also wrote about their thinking on the independent director system.
C36: Profil épidémiologique et anatomopathologique des polypes du tube digestif à Thiès (Sénégal) : A propos de 56 cas
Authors: Bentefouet T L , Fall M D , Sow A , Diop M M , Thiam I
Published: July 2022

INTRODUCTION : Le polype correspond à des lésions en relief dans la lumière du tube digestif. Certains polypes classés comme bénins peuvent évoluer vers des lésions dysplasiques, puis vers un cancer. L’objectif de ce travail était d’étudier les aspects épidémiologiques et anatomopathologiques des polypes du tube digestif à Thiès et d’évaluer la fréquence et le degré de dysplasie dans les différentes lésions observées. MATERIELS ET METHODES : Il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective sur une période de cinq ans (2016 à 2020). Les données ont été collectés à partir des dossiers des patients au niveau du laboratoire d’Anatomie Pathologique de la région de Thiès. Pour chaque patient, nous avons établi une fiche d’exploitation comportant l’âge, le sexe, les circonstances de découverte, le siège du polype, le nombre de polype, l’aspect macroscopique, et le type histologique. Les données ont été saisies et analysées par le logiciel Excel© 2010 et SPSS© 20. RESULTATS : Nous avons colligé au total 56 cas de polypes du tube digestif. Le sex-ratio était d’un. L’âge moyen était de 38 ± 24 ans (trois à 84 ans). Les épigastralgies et les rectorragies, constituaient les principales circonstances de découverte. Les polypes siégeaient préférentiellement au niveau de l’estomac et du colon. Les autres localisations étaient rares dans l’ensemble du tube digestif à des proportions variables.  Il s’agissait le plus souvent de polypes uniques avec dans la majorité des cas, une taille supérieure ou égale à 10 mm (48% des cas). Les types histologiques étaient variés et les lésions dysplasiques étaient retrouvées dans six cas (10,7%). CONCLUSION : Le dépistage précoce des polypes dysplasiques permet de prévenir la survenue de certains cancers digestifs gastriques et colorectaux.
Sustenance of Global Climate Observation System Upper Air Network (GUAN) of India Meteorological Department
Authors: Ansari MI , Madan Ranju
Published: July 2022

India Meteorological Department (IMD), the National Meteorological / Hydrological system (NMHS) of India, has established GUAN standard radiosounding systems at 6 stations at its regional head quarters namely New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Nagpur and Guwahati using high quality radiosounding system during August 2015. These stations have been equipped with M/s GRAW radiosondes, Germany make,  high quality GPS based radiosounding system model No GS-E along with DFM-09 radiosondes. Based on their performance of one year, IMD requested GCOS secretariat through Secretary General,  WMO, for inclusion of these station into GUAN network. IMD’s claim was discussed and approved by Atmospheric Observation Panel on Climate (AOPC-22), Exeter, UK, 27-31st March 2017. Since then, the performance has been closely monitored and found that these stations are fully compliant for the commitments to be made by the WMO Member for inclusion of a radiosounding station into the GUAN network. All the 6 stations have achieved minimum observational requirements like Nos. of sounding in a month, soundings observed beyond minimum requirement of 100 hPa level, and in most of the cases approach up to the target requirement of 5 hPa level.  The RMS departures in case of geo-potential height, observed temperatures and wind vectors have been found well within the minimum requirements (MRQs) and very near to the target requirements (TRQs)-which establishes the accuracies of observed data. The biases observed in monthly climatological averages are observed within the MRQs and approaching to the TRQs. These stations actually fulfilled the essential minimum requirements of radiosounding observations for a GUAN standard radiosounding station, with respect to all the parameters of observation, and very closely approaching the target requirements of GUAN standard radiosounding observatories continuously. The network has sustained without a break since the establishment, performing well meeting all the standards, and committed for continuation.
GAMBARAN KADAR TRIGLISERIDA PADA KONSUMEN KOPI TUBRUK BERDASARKAN FREKUENSI DAN LAMA KONSUMSI
Authors: Agatis Triana , Khasanah Nur Aini H. , Romaidha Iqlila
Published: July 2022

Kopi adalah salah satu minuman yang paling banyak dikonsumsi di dunia. Konsumsi kopi dikaitkan dengan resiko peningkatan kadar lipid serum. Senyawa aktif utama dalam kopi adalah kafein, asam klorogenat, kafestol dan kahweol. Efek konsumsi kopi terhadap kadar lipid serum bervariasi tergantung pada metode persiapan dan jenis kopi. Jenis kopi yang banyak dikonsumsi masyarakat adalah kopi tubruk. Konsumsi jangka panjang dari kopi tanpa filter (kopi tubruk) akan secara efektif menyebabkan peningkatan trigliserida dan Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) pada manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar trigliserida pada konsumen kopi tubruk berdasarkan frekuensi dan lama mengkonsumsi di RT 01 dan 02 Desa Kumpai Batu Bawah Kecamatan Arut Selatan Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan total sampling yang berjumlah 30 orang. Metode yang digunakan dalam pemeriksaan kadar trigliserida menggunakan metode (GPO-PAP) dengan alat fotometer. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan editing, coding, tabulating serta analisa data dengan software SPSS versi 20. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden yang mengkonsumsi kopi ≥ 3 gelas dalam sehari memiliki kadar trigliserida di atas normal sebanyak sebanyak 21 responden (70%) dan sebagian besar responden yang mengkonsumsi kopi ≥ 10 tahun memiliki kadar trigliserida di atas normal sebanyak 19 responden (63%). Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebagian besar konsumen kopi tubruk yang mengkonsumsi kopi ≥ 3 gelas dalam sehari dengan lama mengkonsumsi ≥ 10 tahun di RT 01 dan 02 Desa Kumpai Batu Bawah Kecamatan Arut Selatan Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat memiliki kadar trigliserida di atas normal.Kata kunci : Konsumen Kopi, Kopi Tubruk, Kadar Trigliserida.
Finding a new diatreme at Khosrov reserve (Armenia)
Authors: Sahakyan Lilit , Stepanyan Zhanna , Avagyan Ara , Saakov Arkadi , Hayrapetyan Aregnaz
Published: July 2022

We found new diatreme at Khosrov reserve from central part of Armenia (Khosrov river basin) which has an oval shape; 150 m W-E length and 50m N-S width. Judging from the mineral composition, petrography and major element chemistry the main rocks of Khosrov diatreme are vitro- crystallo-lithoclastic tuffs. The tuffs composed mostly of volcanic glass and have diopside, augite, Ti-augite, accessory (garnet, zircon, picotite, sphen) and other minerals. Vitro- crystallo-lithoclastic tuffs are cut by about 2m length trachyandesite dyke in the northern part of the diatreme.
Rare case of epidydimal cyst torsion causing acute scrotum in 4yr old boy
Authors: Kumar Rajneesh , Kataria Ritu , Singh Harsimran , jassal Arshdeep
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Torsion of epididymal cyst is a very rare condition presenting with acute scrotum. To our knowledge this is the first case reported in 4-year-old. Ultrasound scrotum was performed suggestive of thick walled cystic lesion along right spermatic cord with internal echoes and septae approximately 3.1 X 1.8 cm. Based on clinical history and examination surgery was performed that revealed torsion testes which was confirmed by histological examination. Patient was discharged after the operation.
White-Box Attacks on Hate-speech BERT Classiﬁers in German with Explicit and Implicit Character Level Defense
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, UniversitÃ¤t des Saarlandes, Khan Shahrukh , Shahid Mahnoor ,   Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Singh Navdeeppal
Published: July 2022

Attention based Transformer models have achieved state-of-the-art results in natural language processing (NLP). However, recent work shows that the underlying attention mechanism can be exploited by adversaries to craft malicious inputs designed to induce spurious outputs, thereby harming model performance and trustworthi- ness. Unlike in the vision domain, the literature examining neural networks under adversarial conditions in the NLP domain is limited and most of it focuses mainly on the English language. In this paper, we first analyze the adver- sarial robustness of Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) models for German datasets. Second, we introduce two novel NLP attacks. Namely, a character-level and a word-level attacks, both of which uti- lize attention scores to calculate where to inject character-level and word-level noise, respectively. Finally, we present two defense strategies against the attacks above. The first implicit character-level defense is a variant of adversar- ial training, which trains a new classifier capable of abstaining/rejecting certain (ideally adversarial) inputs. The other explicit character-level defense learns a latent representation of the complete training data vocabulary and then maps all tokens of an input example to the same latent space, enabling the replacement of all out of vocabulary tokens with the most similar in-vocabulary tokens based on the cosine similarity metric.
Growth performance and meat quality of rice fed broiler and native chicken genotypes in Bangladesh
Authors: MA Rahman  , MM Hossain  , MM Rahman  , MS Ali  , MA Hossain  , MA Hashem
Published: July 2022

The study was conducted on growth and meat quality attributes of rice fed broiler and native chicken genotypes under intensive rearing. A total 360 DOC from two genotypes were reared in a common brooder house. The diet samples were divided into three treatment groups viz. T1 - corn (0% rice), T2 -50% corn replaced by rice and T3 -100% corn replaced by rice. Data were analyzed using 2×3 factorial design. Broiler showed significantly (p<0.01) higher growth performance as compared to native chicken. Cooking and drip loss were significantly (p<0.01) higher in broiler whearas WHC, ultimate pH and cooked pH were significantly (p<0.01) higher in native chicken breast meat. The diet had a significant (p<0.01) effect on water holding capacity (WHC) but the highest WHC% was found in T1 treatment. The CIE L*, a*, b*, was significantly (p<0.01) higher in broiler. The interaction between genotype and diet was found significantly (p<0.05) different in b* in breast and thigh meat; L*, b* in drumstick meat; a* in liver, respectively. The L* and b* were significantly (p<0.05) higher in broiler drumstick meat. The L* and a* values were significantly (p<0.05) higher in liver of broilers. Significantly (p<0.01) higher tenderness and juiciness were found in broiler breast meat than native chicken. This study provides an important insight on growth performance and meat quality of rice fed broiler and native chicken genotypes. Hence, rice could be used as alternative to corn in chicken ration.
O rádio regional como patrimônio cultural imaterial
Authors: Coutinho Elane Gomes Santos
Published: July 2022

O rádio traz em seu bojo um patrimônio de representações simbólicas que ajudam a identificar e interpretar as culturas que se desenvolveram em diversas regiões do Brasil, configurando-se como um patrimônio cultural imaterial das regiões onde está inserido.  Este artigo analisa a questão do patrimônio cultural imaterial no rádio, partindo de uma reflexão de como este conceito se aplica a este meio de comunicação. Seguindo a abordagem qualitativa, foi feita pesquisa bibliográfica, entrevista e análise da Rádio Clube de Santo Antônio de Jesus, emissora regional localizada no Recôncavo Baiano. O resultado aponta que a forma como o meio se envolve com as expressões culturais de sua região pode fazer dele um patrimônio cultural imaterial de sua região de abrangência.
BUMBLE BEE OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM BASED OPTIMIZED DATA HIDING FOR IMAGE STEGANOGRAPHY
Authors:   PG Student, Information Technology Department, Adesh Institute of Engineering and Technology, Faridkot, Punjab, Singh Inderjeet , Kaur Sarabjeet ,   Assistant Professor, CSE Department, Adesh Institute of Engineering and Technology, Faridkot, Punjab
Published: July 2022

The most important aspect of all forms of confidential communication is security. Although cryptography can be used to safeguard information, it also reveals the presence of covert communication. As a result, steganography, the art of secret communication, was devised. Steganography conceals the presence of covert communication by putting the secret information in a cover image. The inserting process generates the variability in the cover image that negatively impact the imperceptibility parameter. In this paper, we have designed an optimized data hiding method based on bumble bee optimization algorithm. The bumble bee optimization algorithm searches the optimal secret data order before data hiding. After determining the optimal secret data order, the data hiding is achieved using least significant bit (LSB) method. Besides that, in the proposed method, optimal cover image is also chosen by determining the 0’s and 1’s probability in the LSB of the cover image. The performance evaluation of the proposed method is done on five standard dataset images and performance evaluation is done using mean square error (MSE), peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), and embedding capacity (EC). The result shows that the proposed method reduces the MSE and enhances the PSNR without impacting the embedding capacity.
Peran Motivasi Dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Pegawai Pada Dinas Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran
Authors: Indriaty Lulu , Santy Susana
Published: July 2022

Sumber daya manusia atau tenaga kerja merupakan aset terpenting dalam sebuah organisasi. Reaksi  masyarakat  terhadap  kinerja  aparatur  secara  umum  berisikan  tuntutan  perbaikan  kinerja  berdampak  pada  peningkatan  produktivitas setiap  kinerja Pegawai  Negeri  Sipil.  Produktivitas  kerja  yang di hasilkan  oleh  suatu  instansi  Pemerintah  sebagai  upaya  peningkatan  efektifitas  dari  pelaksanaan  tugas  pokok secara  optimal  dilingkungan  Pemerintah  Kabupaten  Merauke  menjadi  hal  yang  mutlak,  sekaligus  sebagai  persiapan  awal  dalam  menyongsong hadirnya Provinsi  Papua Selatan serta bertujuan memberikan kontribusi praktis bagi Dinas Pendidikan dan Pengajaran Kabupaten Merauke khususnya bidang sumber daya manusia dalam rangka memotivasi meningkatkan kinerja pegawai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan serta mengetahui pengaruh dari motivasi terhadap kinerja pegawai pada dinas pendidikan dan pengajaran Kabupaten Merauke. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan sampel sebanyak 46 responden. Teknik analisis menggunakan analisis statistik dengan pengujian regresi  dan uji hipotesis. Hasil persamaan  regresinya adalah Y= 6,091 + 0,190X. sedangkan hasil hipotesis di peroleh nilai thitung sebesar 1,708 lebih besar dari ttabel sebesar 1.680, dengan tingkat signifikan sebesar 0.033 lebih kecil dari alpha yaitu 0.05, dengan demikian variabel motivasi memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Dinas Pendidikan dan Pengajaran Kabupaten Merauke.
SISTEM PERIZINAN BERBASIS RISIKO : SEBUAH PERBANDINGAN ANTARA NEGARA AUSTRALIA DAN NEGARA INDONESIA
Authors: Lie Merissa Bhernaded
Published: July 2022

ABSTRAK
Konsep berbasis risiko bukanlah suatu hal yang baru di dunia. Berbagai negara di penjuru dunia telah menerapkan konsep berbasis risiko dalam regulasi berbagai bidang salah satunya adalah bidang perizinan. Penggunaan konsep berbasis risiko dalam bidang perizinan baru saja digunakan oleh Negara Indonesia melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Lapangan Kerja. Konsep berbasis risiko dalam bidang perizinan digunakan di Indonesia dengan tujuan mendorong tumbuhnya usaha dan investasi khususnya bagi Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM). Pengaturan perizinan berusaha berbasis risiko secara limitatif tecantum dalam Pasal 6-12 UU No.11/2020. Pemerintah Indonesia kemudian mengeluarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 5 Tahun 2021 tentang Penyelenggaraan Perizinan Berusaha Berbasis Risiko sebagai tindak lanjut dari pengaturan perizinan berusaha berbasis risiko tersebut. Dalam rangka mewujudkan sistem berbasis risiko secara efektif dan efisien, pengaturan yang tepat sangat diperlukan maka untuk memperluas pengetahuan mengenai subyek ini dapat dilakukan perbandingan dengan negara lain yang telah lebih dulu menerapkan perizinan berbasis risiko yaitu Negara Australia.
 
ABSTRACT 
The concept of risk based is not a new thing in the world. Various countries around the world have implemented a risk-based concept in the regulation of various fields, one of which is the licensing sector. The use of risk-based concepts in the licensing sector has just been used by the State of Indonesia through Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation. The risk-based concept in the licensing sector is used in Indonesia with the aim of encouraging business growth and investment, especially for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Limitative risk-based business licensing arrangements are listed in Articles 6-12 of Law No.11/2020. The Indonesian government then issued Government Regulation Number 5 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Risk-Based Business Licensing as a follow-up to the risk-based business licensing arrangement. In order to realize a risk-based system effectively and efficiently, proper arrangements are needed, so to expand knowledge on this subject, comparisons can be made with other countries that have previously implemented risk-based licensing, namely Australia.
PROBLEMATIKA PEMULIHAN EKONOMI NASIONAL PASCA PANDEMI DENGAN PEMBERLAKUAN KENAIKAN TARIF PPN
Authors: Pradana Rifky Zahran
Published: July 2022

ABSTRAK
Sesuai dengan penerapan Undang-undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2021 tentang Harmonisasi Peraturan Perpajakan (UU HPP) ini, tarif Pajak Pertambahan Nilai (PPN) berubah menjadi 11%  yang akan berlaku pada tanggal 1 April 2022.  Pemberlakuan kenaikan tarif PPN dapat menimbulkan problematika. Karena terjadinya dilema dimasyarakat bahwa PPN bersifat objektif, merupakan pajak tidak langsung, dan tidak kumulatif. Maka bagaimana pengaruh kenaikan tarif PPN terhadap pemulihan ekonomi nasional dalam keberlangsungan hidup dan kebermanfaatan kepada masyarakat. Dengan metode penelitian yang digunakan penelitian hukum normatif, dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif berupa studi dokumen atau kepustakaan. Analisis problematika pemulihan ekonomi nasional, dalam pajak ditinjau dari segi hukum, diatur secara tegas dalam undang-undang yang memberikan legitimasi kepada negara untuk memungut pajak, sehingga timbul perikatan antara individu (orang pribadi atau badan) dengan negara untuk melaksanakan kewajiban dan hak perpajakannya sesuai dengan ketentuan. Namun, hukum melindungi wajib pajak dari adanya tindakan sewenang-wenang negara dalam pemungutan pajak. Kebijakan kenaikan tarif pajak PPN ini merupakan kebijakan dari upaya pemerintah untuk mencapai target penerimaan ke APBN dalam pemulihan ekonomi nasional. Selain itu, kenaikan pajak ini bertujuan pengurangan ketimpangan. Dalam kenaikan tarif PPN harus diikuti perlindungan pada kelompok menengah bawah dengan pemberian insentif dan dukungan APBN.
 
ABSTRACT 
In accordance with the implementation of Law Number 7 of 2021 concerning the Harmonization of Tax Regulations, the rate of Value Added Tax (PPN) has changed to 11% which will take effect on April 1, 2022. The implementation of an increase VAT rate can cause problems. Because there is a dilemma in society that VAT is objective, is an indirect tax, and is not cumulative. Then how is the effect of increasing the VAT rate on the recovery of the national economy in terms of survival and the usefulness for the community. The research method used is normative legal research, with a normative juridical approach in the form of document studies or literature studies. Analysis of the problematics of national economic recovery, in terms of taxation from a legal perspective, is expressly regulated in a law that gives legitimacy to the state to collect taxes, so that an agreement arises between an individual (individual or entity) and the state to carry out their tax obligations and rights in accordance with the law. However, the law protects taxpayers from arbitrary actions by the state in collecting taxes. The policy of increasing the VAT tax rate is a policy of the government's efforts to achieve the target of APBN revenues in the recovery of the national economy. In addition, this tax increase aims to reduce inequality. The increase in VAT rates must be followed by protection for the lower middle class by providing incentives and state budget support.
Los proyectos utópicos del movimiento obrero español, 1840-1870
Authors: De Felipe Redondo Jesús , González Rodríguez Josué J.
Published: July 2022

Las reflexiones utópicas sobre la sociedad ideal del futuro y los medios propuestos o empleados para alcanzarla han desempeñado un papel crucial en el devenir histórico contemporáneo. Este artículo investiga una de estas manifestaciones: los proyectos utópicos societario y cooperativista que orientaron el movimiento obrero español en su periodo de formación (1840-1870). Partiendo del análisis de las fuentes escritas por los trabajadores organizados, este trabajo contribuye a esclarecer las causas de la aparición de estos proyectos. Asimismo, proporciona una explicación de su transformación asociada a la manera en que sus resultados fueron interpretados por los propios trabajadores.
Promoción turística y desarrollo geoeconómico, 1900-1936: Málaga y Barcelona
Authors: Palou Rubio Saida , Pellejero Martínez Carmelo
Published: July 2022

A principios del siglo xx Málaga y Barcelona impulsan el desarrollo de la actividad turística basándose, sobre todo, en la promoción de recursos lúdicos, festivos, comerciales y climáticos. Ambas ciudades emprenden un camino singular, que puede ser relativamente comparado si se analizan sus estrategias de valorización del recurso climático y de difusión de una imagen de destino hibernal. Málaga y Barcelona comparten una estrecha relación con el Mediterráneo, hecho que les confiere un carácter especial. Primero Málaga y después Barcelona constituyen entes de promoción en los que confluirán agentes del sector público, privado e incluso representantes de asociaciones y entidades ciudadanas.
Verification and Analysis of Impact-Based Tornado Warnings in the Central Region of the National Weather Service
Authors: Obermeier Holly , Anderson Mark R.
Published: July 2022

The Joplin, Missouri EF5 tornado event on 22 May 2011 prompted the Central Region of the National Weather Service (NWS) to re-evaluate the current tornado warning format and implement the impact-based tornado warning (IBTW) experiment. IBTWs consist of tiers including damage tags and impact wording that convey increasing levels of damage. The damage wording within an IBTW is shown to relate to the Enhanced Fujita (EF) scale. Wording included in non-tagged IBTWs corresponds to EF0-EF2 tornado damage, while the damage wording for tagged IBTWs corresponds to EF3-EF5 tornado damage. This study investigates the accuracy of IBTWs by examining if a tornado occurs during the warning time frame, and whether the resulting damage matches the damage wording in the IBTW. All IBTWs from 1 April 2013 through 30 November 2013 were collected, as well as tornado survey information. Using these survey data, IBTWs were verified by the intensity of the tornado, if one occurred. Probability of detection (POD) and false alarm ratio (FAR) statistics are calculated through 2×2 contingency tables for both non-tagged and tagged IBTWs. Results indicate that the majority of both non-tagged and tagged IBTWs are false alarms, and tagged IBTWs have a very low POD. Other studies have shown that limitations in current technology and scientific knowledge may contribute to false alarms and missed detections. Case studies are examined to analyze whether these limitations play role in the use of IBTWs.
Investigating the Impacts of Assimilating Surface Observations on High-Resolution Forecasts of the 15 May 2013 Tornado Event
Authors: Carlaw Lee B. , Brotzge Jerald A. , Carr Frederick H.
Published: July 2022

In this study, the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS), and its associated three-dimensional variational analysis (3DVAR) package are used to simulate a tornadic supercell at 400-m grid spacing. This storm produced an EF3 tornado in Johnson County, TX during the evening of 15 March 2013. Data from Doppler radar, satellite, aircraft, radiosondes, profilers, and surface observations are assimilated in this work. We show that the assimilation of non-conventional surface observations from three networks: the Citizen Weather Observer Program (CWOP), Global Science and Technology (GST) and Automated Weather Stations (AWS) operated by EarthNetworks, in and around the storm inflow, were fundamentally important to the development of an intense low-level mesocyclone. Simulations that did not incorporate this non-conventional data either developed a weak mesocyclone that was displaced to the east of the actual tornado track, or were unable to develop a defined mesocyclone in the first place. In particular, the assimilation of thermodynamic variables (temperature, pressure and moisture) from a subset of AWS observations near the storm’s inflow environment leads to the most accurate simulation of the low-level mesocyclone.
The Characteristics of United States Hail Reports: 1955-2014
Authors: Allen John T. , Tippett Michael K.
Published: July 2022

The United States hail observation dataset maintained and updated annually by the Storm Prediction Center is one of the largest currently available worldwide and spans the period 1955-present. Despite its length, climatology of this dataset is nontrivial because of numerous characteristics that are nonmeteorological in origin. Here, the main features and limitations of the dataset are explored, including the implications of an increasing frequency in the time series, approaches to spatial smoothing of observations, and the sources that contribute to the hail dataset. Despite these problems, using limited temporal windows, spatial binning and judicious application of smoothing techniques reveals important characteristics of the hail dataset. The annual and diurnal cycles are found to be sensitive to the spatial shift northwards of observations and increasing report frequency in the Southeast. Hail days, in contrast to hail reports, show no national trend over the last 25 y. Regional and local influences on hail reporting are identified stemming from verification procedures and contributions from local officials. The change in the definition of severe hail size from 0.75 in (1.9 cm) to 1.00 in (2.5 cm) in 2010 has a particularly clear signature in the report statistics. The contribution of storm chasers and source of report factors beyond population to the hail dataset is also explored, and the difficulty in removing these changes discussed. The overall findings highlight the limitations and nonmeteorological features present in hail observations. Adding visual and descriptive metadata has the potential to improve the hail reporting process.
Examination of the Forecast Process, Mesoscale Environment, and Evolution of the Northern Indiana/Northwest Ohio Derecho of 29 June 2012
Authors: Bentley Evan S. , Logsdon Jeff
Published: July 2022

A multicell cluster of thunderstorms moved into northern Indiana during the early afternoon hours of 29 June 2012, later evolving into a mature bowing mesoscale convective system (MCS) by the time it exited the County Warning Area of the Northern Indiana National Weather Service.  This was the beginning of a derecho that would continue across the Appalachian Mountains and off the Atlantic coast, traveling 1000 km in 10 h and resulting in at least 18 fatalities.  This derecho produced a measured wind gust of 41 m s-1 (79 kt) at Fort Wayne International Airport, the highest measured gust along the derecho’s path.  The mesoscale environment was characterized by a strong cold pool, extreme instability (including near-record steep midlevel lapse rates), and weak to moderate vertical shear.  This paper examines the source of this extreme environment as well as the catalyst for the sustainability of the MCS.
Analysis of Mesovortex Characteristics, Behavior, and Interactions during the Second 30 June-1 July 2014 Midwestern Derecho Event
Authors: Lyza Anthony W. , Clayton Adam W. , Knupp Kevin R. , Lenning Eric , Friedlein Matthew T. , Castro Richard L. , Bentley Evan S.
Published: July 2022

A pair of intense, derecho-producing quasi-linear convective systems (QLCSs) impacted northern Illinois and northern Indiana during the evening hours of 30 June through the predawn hours of 1 July 2014.  The second QLCS trailed the first one by only 250 km and approximately 3 h, yet produced 29 confirmed tornadoes and numerous areas of nontornadic wind damage estimated to be caused by 30‒40 m s‒1 flow.  Much of the damage from the second QLCS was associated with a series of 38 mesovortices, with up to 15 mesovortices ongoing simultaneously.  Many complex behaviors were documented in the mesovortices, including:  a binary (Fujiwhara) interaction, the splitting of a large mesovortex in two followed by prolific tornado production, cyclic mesovortexgenesis in the remains of a large mesovortex, and a satellite interaction of three small mesovortices around a larger parent mesovortex. A detailed radar analysis indicates no definitive differences between tornadic and nontornadic mesovortices. All observed mesovortices were cyclonic, indicating that either the vertical tilting of streamwise vorticity, generation of vortices via the release of horizontal shearing instability, or both were involved in mesovortex genesis. This paper examines the environment ahead of the second QLCS, the characteristics of the mesovortices produced, and the aforementioned complex interactions. It also discusses implications for mesovortex genesis and dynamics as well as operational considerations.
High Resolution Real-data WRF Modeling and Verification of Tropical Cyclone Tornadoes Associated with Hurricane Ivan 2004
Authors: Carroll-Smith Dereka L. , Dawson Logan C. , Trapp Robert J.
Published: July 2022

This study used high-resolution real-data WRF simulations of Hurricane Ivan (2004) to document the structure of potentially tornadic supercells embedded in tropical cyclone (TC) rainbands.  The simulated TC track and intensity matched well with observations post landfall, and the simulated TC structure closely replicated the observed shape and rainbands, as evident by an assessment of observed composite and simulated radar reflectivity. TC tornado surrogates (TCT-Ss) were identified and calibrated using thresholds based on percentile values of maximum updraft helicity (UHmax) and simulated radar reflectivity. Although the magnitude of UHmax generally decreased as the simulated TC moved inland, sensitivity testing revealed that a threshold based on the 99.95% percentile value of UHmax achieved optimal TCT-S coverage and agreement with observed TC tornado (TCT) tracks on domains with 3-km and 1-km grid spacings.  Three cells were identified at three different stages of the TC inland evolution and were found to have hook appendages resembling supercells found in midlatitudes.  The cells produced storm tops of 13 km, with rotating cores with depths of 4 km above ground level.  Although results in this study are unique to Hurricane Ivan, the authors believe the use of convection-allowing models and UH-based surrogate methodologies can be applied to other TC cases.
Composite Analysis of Cool-Season Florida Tornado Outbreaks
Authors: Klepatzki Jonathon P. , Milrad Shawn M.
Published: July 2022

This study presents a multiscale environmental analysis of 33 Florida tornado (1979–2016) and 29 null events (2003–2019). A tornado event was defined as ≥ 4 tornadoes within a 24-h period during December–May, which was chosen to eliminate events associated with tropical cyclones. Null events were defined as periods when the NOAA Storm Prediction Center had tornado outlook probabilities ≥ 5% over any part of Florida, but < 4 tornadoes occurred in 24 h. Central Florida experienced the largest number of tornado events, while most null events occurred in the Florida Panhandle. Tornado events occurred slightly more frequently during El Niño and negative Arctic Oscillation, in contrast to cool-season events elsewhere in the United States. Using the North American Regional Reanalysis, a composite synoptic analysis showed that compared to null events, tornado events were associated with a coupled divergent jet streak region, a more amplified anomalous mid-tropospheric trough, a surface cyclone located farther south (Gulf of Mexico vs. Tennessee Valley), and larger equivalent potential temperature anomalies. While both event sets featured high-shear, low-CAPE environments that are typical of southeast United States tornado events, tornado events exhibited larger storm-relative helicity and 0–6-km vertical wind shear. Overall, results suggest that synoptic pattern recognition techniques and mesoscale parameter spaces can help forecasters in identifying potential Florida tornado events.
Photographs and Analysis of an Unusually Large and Long-lived Firewhirl
Authors: Umscheid Michael E. , Monteverdi John P. , Davies Jonathan M.
Published: July 2022

On 30 June 2005, a large and long-lived firewhirl was observed and photographed over a field being burned to remove wheat stubble in central Kansas. With a well-defined boundary focusing vertical vorticity in the immediate vicinity, the meteorological setting appeared to have at least some similarity to those associated with many nonmesocyclone tornadoes. This paper photographically documents the firewhirl and its evolution. In addition, an examination of the synoptic and local meteorological environment settings suggests that a pre-existing frontal boundary contributed to the occurrence and longevity of the firewhirl in this interesting and unusual case. Although they are clearly different phenomena, firewhirls and nonmesocyclone tornadoes appear to share some similarities in formation mechanisms that are illustrated by this case.
A Forecaster’s Story: Robert H. Johns
Authors: Lewis John M.
Published: July 2022

The stages in the life of a severe storms forecaster, Robert H. Johns, are reconstructed from information in a series of interviews. The traditional interview format, question-and-answer mode, has been converted to a first-person narrative that leads to a more-continuous train of thought.

The storyline begins by describing Johns’ entrainment into meteorology as a youngster. By virtue of his contact and conversations with farmers in rural Indiana, he became interested in weather’s impact on the farmers and their crop yields. Early stimulation also came from a challenging weather project in the 6th grade and reading of George Stewart’s novel Storm. From these experiences, Bob Johns decided to pursue a science career in service to society. This service took the form of work as a weather forecaster for the United States Weather Bureau (USWB)/National Weather Service (NWS).

The arduous path to severe storms forecaster is traced by highlighting his youthful experiences, his academic training, and the stepwise progression from student trainee to lead forecaster at the Severe Local Storms (SELS) unit of the USWB/NWS.
Supercell Spectrum. Part II: A Semi-Objective Method for Radar Classification of Supercell Type
Authors: Beatty Kyle , Rasmussen Erik N. , Straka Jerry M. , Lemon Leslie R.
Published: July 2022

his paper describes a method for classifying supercells that relies partially upon a mixture of objective radar analysis and human analysis. The technique is used to ascertain the direction and distance of supercell precipitation core centroids from their updrafts. It is applied to a number of cases, and in this small sample the supercell centroids appeared to be segregated into locations upstream and downstream of the updraft, but not immediately beside the updraft. This suggests the spectrum of supercell precipitation morphologies may have modes that could be associated with the legacy categories of “HP” and “LP/Classic”. Based on this analysis, we suggest that supercell classification be radar-based and utilize the classes “forward reflectivity mode” and “rear reflectivity mode”.
Redevelopment of a Warm-Core Structure in Erin: A Case of Inland Tropical Storm Formation
Authors: Edwards Roger , Monteverdi John P.
Published: July 2022

Remarkable radar and satellite imagery are presented to illustrate the unusual inland reintensification of Tropical Storm Erin over Oklahoma during the evening of 18 August 2007 to the early morning hours of the 19th. Using a blend of objectively and subjectively produced analyses, the authors document the warm-core nature of the disturbance as it reorganized. The evidence presented suggests that attention on such disturbances should remain under tropical forecasting domains, even though presently accepted conventions preclude assigning tropical storm nomenclature to such a system.
Proximity Meteorological Observations for Wind-driven Grassland Wildfire Starts on the Southern High Plains
Authors: Lindley T. Todd , Vitale Jeffrey D. , Burkett Wesley S. , Beierle Micah-John
Published: July 2022

Wildland fire behavior is highly dependent upon local meteorological conditions. While topography and the state of available fuels also influence fire behavior and spread, near-surface atmospheric conditions in proximity to wildland fires are the most dynamic determining variables for wildfire evolution. Recent episodes of drought across the southern High Plains have contributed to unprecedented wildfire activity in the region’s grasslands, including within the Texas Tech University West Texas Mesonet (WTM) domain. The juxtaposition of this meso-network with the occurrence of numerous wind-driven wildfires has provided a unique dataset of proximity meteorological observations useful in analyzing fire start environments. This study presents statistical analyses of WTM 2-m relative humidity and 6-m wind speed, parameters utilized in local Red Flag fire weather warning criteria, along with 2-m temperature in temporal and spatial proximity to 99 wind-driven grassland wildfire starts which occurred between January 2006 and May 2010. Since the state of vegetative fuels also influences fire behavior, but is dependent upon local weather, the proximity observations are used to calculate fine dead-fuel moisture and to examine pre-conditioning potential per the preceding humidity recoveries for each documented fire start. A comparison of the meteorological observations to local Red Flag warning criteria, which was met or exceeded for critical values of relative humidity and wind speed in 64% of the surveyed fire starts, also is included. Furthermore, seasonal and diurnal tendencies for local wind-driven wildfire activity are noted.
Multiscale Analysis of the 1 June 2011 Northeast U.S. Severe Weather Outbreak and Associated Springfield, Massachusetts Tornado
Authors: Banacos Peter C , Ekster Michael L. , Dellicarpini Joseph W. , Lyons Erik J.
Published: July 2022

On 1 June 2011, the 12th killer tornado in New England since 1950 tracked 63 km (39 mi) from Westfield to Charlton, MA resulting in 3 fatalities, 200 injuries, and EF3 damage.  At least fourteen supercells produced six confirmed tornadoes and six hail reports ≥7 cm (≥2.75 in) in diameter across eastern New York and New England.  This paper takes a multiscale look at meteorological factors contributing to this event. The synoptic pattern evolution closely resembles the composite mean shown by Banacos and Ekster (2010) for significant severe weather events in the northeast United States associated with an elevated mixed layer (EML).  The presence of an EML and rich boundary-layer moisture (surface dewpoints 20-22oC) supported surface-based CAPE >4000 J kg-1 by early afternoon on 1 June.  A strengthening prefrontal trough within the moist and unstable boundary layer, together with increasing low and deep-layer shear created an environment favorable for tornadic supercells.  In particular, storms moved into an environment with increasing values of 0-1-km AGL bulk shear, increasing storm relative helicity, and lower lifted condensation level heights.  Values of these parameters were largely consistent with significant-tornado occurrence in proximity studies.  Tornadic signatures in WSR-88D and experimental CASA 3-cm dual-polarization radar data are described, in addition to a remarkable three-body scatter spike associated with lofted debris near peak apparent intensity of the EF3 tornado.