bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Sustainability Criteria in Identifying Sites for Social Housing in Serbia
Authors: Njegić Tanja , Simonović Alfirević Sanja , Crnčević Tijana , Majhenšek Katarina
Published: January 2025

An adequate and sustainable site is of crucial importance for the success of a social housing project, because it directly affects the ability to meet the specific housing needs of the target tenants and their social integration into the local community. Applying sustainability criteria in the urban planning of the residual type of social housing in Serbia could prevent additional social exclusion of disadvantaged users, and enable the creation of viable instead of deprived neighborhoods. The aim of this study was to formulate sustainability criteria in identifying sites for social housing, and to evaluate the existing Serbian practice based on a defined multi-criteria model. The key research methods included the identification, systematization, and interpretation of relevant general and specific criteria through a literature review, and a case study in which multi-criteria analysis and a resident satisfaction survey were used. The findings highlight the uneven application of sustainability criteria in past practices and emphasize the need for a more comprehensive and consistent approach. The proposed set of criteria and experience-based guidelines provide a contribution to the still-evolving methodology for the urban planning of social housing in Serbia, which could be adapted to related housing systems in the early stages of development.
Efficacy of Telerehabilitation Protocols for Improving Functionality in Post-COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Estela-Zape Jose Luis , Sanclemente-Cardoza Valeria , Ordoñez-Mora Leidy Tatiana
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims: Telerehabilitation is essential for the recovery of post-COVID-19 patients, improving exercise tolerance, dyspnea, functional capacity, and daily activity performance. This study aimed to describe telerehabilitation protocols specifically designed for individuals with post-COVID-19 sequelae. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted with registration number CRD42023423678, based on searches developed in the following databases: ScienceDirect, Scopus, Dimensions.ai and PubMed, using keywords such as “telerehabilitation” and “COVID-19”. The final search date was July 2024. The selection of studies involved an initial calibration process, followed by independent filtering by the researchers. The selection criteria were applied prior to critical appraisal, data extraction, and the risk of bias assessment. Results: After reviewing 405 full-text papers, 14 articles were included that focused on telerehabilitation interventions for post-COVID-19 patients. These interventions were designed for remote delivery and included exercise protocols, vital sign monitoring, and virtual supervision by physical therapists. The studies reported improvements in physical function, muscle performance, lung capacity, and psychological outcomes. Significant gains were observed in strength, mobility, and functional capacity, as well as reductions in dyspnea, fatigue, and improvements in quality of life, particularly in social domains. Intervention protocols included aerobic, strength, and respiratory exercises, monitored using tools such as heart rate monitors and smartphones. Conclusions: Telerehabilitation positively impacts lung volumes, pulmonary capacities, dyspnea reduction, functionality, muscle performance, and independence in post-COVID-19 patients.
Relationship of Biochemical and Sonographic Markers with Disease Severity in Rosacea Patients Without Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Ismail Mendi Banu , Mendi Bokebatur Ahmet Rasit , Farabi Banu , Atak Mehmet Fatih
Published: January 2025

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by central facial redness, papulopustular lesions, and occasionally phymatous changes. There is ongoing debate regarding rosacea as a cutaneous disease with systemic inflammatory effects and its associations with cardiovascular diseases. Although the pathogenesis of both atherosclerosis and rosacea demonstrate notable similarities, particularly in the central role of inflammation, significant gaps in understanding these connections remain. This study aims to investigate this potential relationship by assessing biochemical markers and sonographic findings in rosacea patients who were divided into groups based on disease severity. Our study included 73 rosacea patients and 73 age- and sex-matched controls, without cardiovascular disease. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were recorded for all participants. Carotid intima–media thickness and the thickness of subcutaneous, preperitoneal, posterior perirenal, and aortic-level visceral adipose tissues were measured by ultrasonography. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was significantly elevated in rosacea patients versus controls. Additionally, sonographic assessments revealed that both aortic-level visceral adipose tissue and preperitoneal adipose tissue were significantly thicker in rosacea patients than in the control group, a finding corroborated by multivariable linear regression analysis. While thicker preperitoneal and perirenal adipose tissues were observed with increasing disease severity, these differences did not achieve statistical significance when subjected to multivariable linear regression analysis. The thorough examination and follow-up of patients with rosacea for cardiovascular risk factors may be necessary in clinical practice.
Development Status of Dynamic Sealing Technology and Discussion on Advanced Sealing Technologies
Authors: Wang Yan , Niu Shuoshuo , Zhang Jiahao , Feng Cong , Wang Yutong , Shen Doudou , Li Decai , Li Tong , Cao Pengcheng , Zhang Yufan
Published: January 2025

This paper reviews the current state of dynamic sealing technologies, examining the challenges faced by conventional sealing methods under complex working conditions, such as high temperature, high pressure, and corrosive environments. It also provides a concise overview of the status and developmental trends in sealing inspection technologies. From the perspective of obstruction mechanisms, this study reinterprets the concept of sealing science by redefining the classification of sealing types based on solid-phase medium obstruction, fluid hydrostatic and hydrodynamic obstruction, fluid pumping obstruction, fluid energy dissipation obstruction, and fluid impact obstruction. Comparative analyses of sealing structures across these obstruction mechanisms are presented. The sealing technology based on fluid impact medium obstruction, newly proposed by this paper, represents an innovative sealing approach. It offers distinct advantages such as zero wear, structural simplicity, and high stability, addressing longstanding issues in high-speed, large-clearance non-contact seals, including low leakage suppression efficiency, system complexity, and poor stability. Since its introduction, this novel sealing structure has garnered significant attention and recognition from both the academic and industrial sealing communities. With the potential to revolutionize the field, this groundbreaking sealing design is poised to lead the next wave of technological advancements in sealing science.
Coal Gasification Slag as a Green Additive in Supplementary Cementitious Materials: Mechanical Properties and Microstructure
Authors: Yang Hong , Wang Hailong
Published: January 2025

Gasification slag is the solid waste produced in the process of coal gasification. China produces approximately 30 million tons of gasification slag every year, which urgently needs to be recycled in an efficient and sustainable way. This paper discusses the feasibility of using gasification slag as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM). The working properties, mechanical properties, and microstructure of cement paste after the addition of gasification slag were studied and compared with those of pure cement paste. The results indicate that the hydration products of the composite paste contain a significant amount of Ca(OH)2 and C-S-H gel when the content of gasification slag is less than 30%. However, when the gasification slag content exceeds 30%, the primary hydration product shifts to the C-A-S-H gel. Furthermore, the C-(A)-S-H gel tends to exhibit a lower calcium–silicon ratio and a higher degree of polymerization as the gasification slag content increases. Specifically, the Ca/Si ratio of the 60% C-A-S-H gel is 1.66, with a degree of polymerization of 0.77. When the gasification slag content is maintained at or below 30%, the compressive strength of the gasification slag cement paste decreases by approximately 3.7% to 9.3% compared with that of Portland cement (PC). Nevertheless, the composite cement meets the design requirements of 42.5 composite Portland cement. Thus, gasification slag has emerged as a promising supplementary cementitious material (SCM), with significant potential for widespread application.
Prediction of Compressive Strength of Fly Ash-Recycled Mortar Based on Grey Wolf Optimizer–Backpropagation Neural Network
Authors: Shao Jing-Jing , Li Lin-Bin , Yin Guang-Ji , Wen Xiao-Dong , Zou Yu-Xiao , Zuo Xiao-Bao , Gao Xiao-Jian , Cheng Shan-Shan
Published: January 2025

The evaluation of the mechanical performance of fly ash-recycled mortar (FARM) is a necessary condition to ensure the efficient utilization of recycled fine aggregates. This article describes the design of nine mix proportions of FARMs with a low water/cement ratio and screens six mix proportions with reasonable flowability. The compressive strengths of FARMs were tested, and the influence of the water/cement ratio (w/c) and age on the compressive strength was analyzed. Meanwhile, a backpropagation neural network (BPNN) model optimized by the grey wolf optimizer (GWO), namely the GWO-BPNN model, was established to predict the compressive strength of FARM. The input layer of the model consisted of w/c, a cement/sand ratio, water reducer, age, and fly ash content, while the output layer was the compressive strength. The data set consisted of 150 sets from this article and existing research in the literature, of which 70% is used for model training and 30% for model validation. The results show that compared with the traditional BPNN, the coefficient of determination (R2) of GWO-BPNN increases from 0.85 to 0.93, and the mean squared error (MSE) of model training decreases from 0.018 to 0.015. Meanwhile, the convergence iterations of model validation decrease from 108 to 65. This indicates that GWO improved the prediction accuracy and computational efficiency of BPNN. The model results of characteristic heat, kernel density estimation, scatter matrix, and the SHAP value all indicated that the w/c was strongly negatively correlated with compressive strength, while the sand/cement ratio and age were strongly positively correlated with compressive strength. However, the relationship between the contents of fly ash, the water reducer, and the compressive strength was not obvious.
A Deep Learning-Based Watershed Feature Fusion Approach for Tunnel Crack Segmentation in Complex Backgrounds
Authors: Wang Haozheng , Wang Qiang , Zhang Weikang , Zhai Junli , Yuan Dongyang , Tong Junhao , Xie Xiongyao , Zhou Biao , Tian Hao
Published: January 2025

As highway tunnel operations continue over time, structural defects, particularly cracks, have been observed to increase annually. Coupled with the rapid expansion of tunnel networks, traditional manual inspection methods have proven inadequate to meet current demands. In recent years, machine vision and deep learning technologies have gained significant attention in civil engineering for the detection and analysis of structural defects. However, rapid and accurate defect identification in highway tunnels presents challenges due to complex background conditions, numerous interfering factors, and the relatively low proportion of cracks within the structure. Additionally, the intensive labor requirements and limited efficiency in labeling training datasets for deep learning pose significant constraints on the deployment of intelligent crack segmentation algorithms. To address these limitations, this study proposes an automatic labeling and optimization algorithm for crack sample sets, utilizing crack features and the watershed algorithm to enable efficient automated segmentation with minimal human input. Furthermore, the deep learning-based crack segmentation network was optimized through comparative analysis of various network depths and residual structure configurations to achieve the best possible model performance. Enhanced accuracy was attained by incorporating axis extraction and watershed filling algorithms to refine segmentation outcomes. Under diverse lining surface conditions and multiple interference factors, the proposed approach achieved a crack segmentation accuracy of 98.78%, with an Intersection over Union (IoU) of 72.41%, providing a robust solution for crack segmentation in tunnels with complex backgrounds.
Deep Q-Networks for Minimizing Total Tardiness on a Single Machine
Authors: Huang Kuan Wei , Lin Bertrand M. T.
Published: January 2025

This paper considers the single-machine scheduling problem of total tardiness minimization. Due to its computational intractability, exact approaches such as dynamic programming algorithms and branch-and-bound algorithms struggle to produce optimal solutions for large-scale instances in a reasonable time. The advent of Deep Q-Networks (DQNs) within the reinforcement learning paradigm could be a viable approach to transcending these limitations, offering a robust and adaptive approach. This study introduces a novel approach utilizing DQNs to model the complexities of job scheduling for minimizing tardiness through an informed selection utilizing look-ahead mechanisms of actions within a defined state space. The framework incorporates seven distinct reward-shaping strategies, among which the Minimum Estimated Future Tardiness strategy notably enhances the DQN model’s performance. Specifically, it achieves an average improvement of 14.33% over Earliest Due Date (EDD), 11.90% over Shortest Processing Time (SPT), 17.65% over Least Slack First (LSF), and 8.86% over Apparent Tardiness Cost (ATC). Conversely, the Number of Delayed Jobs strategy secures an average improvement of 11.56% over EDD, 9.10% over SPT, 15.01% over LSF, and 5.99% over ATC, all while requiring minimal computational resources. The results of a computational study demonstrate DQN’s impressive performance compared to traditional heuristics. This underscores the capacity of advanced machine learning techniques to improve industrial scheduling processes, potentially leading to decent operational efficiency.
Dynamic Condensation-Based Reduction Method for Precise Broadband Frequency Analysis
Authors: Choi Geomji , Lee Juhwan , Chang Seongmin
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we propose a degree-of-freedom-based adaptive reduction method that ensures accuracy over a wide band. In the conventional dynamic condensation method, a single reduced model consisting of low-order modes is used throughout the analysis. This results in low accuracy in the high-frequency band because it does not reflect the characteristics of the frequencies. To address this issue, we implemented a reduced model for each frequency using a Taylor series. This method converts the transformation matrix into a frequency-independent form, which allows for a simple interpolation of the reduction model by updating the differences between frequencies. Numerical examples were adopted to examine the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
New Insights on Keller–Osserman Conditions for Semilinear Systems
Authors: Covei Dragos-Patru
Published: January 2025

In this article, we consider a semilinear elliptic system involving gradient terms of the form Δyx+λ1∇yx=pxfyx,zxifx∈Ω,Δzx+λ2∇zx=qxgyxifx∈Ω, where λ1, λ2∈0,∞, Ω is either a ball of radius R>0 or the entire space RN. Based on certain standard assumptions regarding the potential functions p and q, we introduce new conditions on the nonlinearities f and g to investigate the existence of entire large solutions for the given system. The method employed is successive approximation. Additionally, for specific cases of p, q, f and g, we employ Python code to plot the graph of both the numerical solution and the exact solution.
An Importance Sampling Method for Generating Optimal Interpolation Points in Training Physics-Informed Neural Networks
Authors: Li Hui , Zhang Yichi , Wu Zhaoxiong , Wang Zhe , Wu Tong
Published: January 2025

The application of machine learning and artificial intelligence to solve scientific challenges has significantly increased in recent years. A remarkable development is the use of Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) to solve Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) numerically. However, current PINN techniques often face problems with accuracy and slow convergence. To address these problems, we propose an importance sampling method to generate optimal interpolation points during training. Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves a 43% reduction in root mean square error compared to state-of-the-art methods when applied to the one-dimensional Korteweg–De Vries equation.
Salicylic Acid Improved the Growth of Dunaliella salina and Increased the Proportion of 9-cis-β-Carotene Isomers
Authors: Xiang Shuaicheng , Qiu Xiaoting , Yan Xiaojun , Ruan Roger , Cheng Pengfei
Published: January 2025

Dunaliella salina is an important source of natural β-carotene (containing 9-cis and all trans isomers) for industrial production. The phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) has been proven to have impacts on the stress resistance of higher plants, but research on microalgae is currently unclear. In this study, the effects of SA on the growth, biochemical composition, antioxidant enzyme activity, key enzymes of β-carotene synthesis, and cis-and trans-isomers of β-carotene in D. salina under different salt concentrations were investigated. The results were shown that at concentrations of 1.5, 2, and 2.5 M NaCl, the antioxidant enzyme activity and key enzymes for β-carotene synthesis in algal cells were significantly increased, but the content and proportion of 9-cis isomer in β-carotene isomers decreased. The addition of SA significantly increased the growth and antioxidant enzyme (SOD, MDA) activity, as well as the synthesis of key enzyme phytoene synthase (PSY), phytoene desaturase (PDS), and lycopene β cyclase (LCYB) of D. salina under high-salinity conditions. It is worth noting that under the treatment of SA, the proportion of 9-cis isomer in the three salt concentrations (1.5, 2, 2.5 M NaCl) significantly increased by 32.09%, 20.30%, and 11.32%, respectively. Moreover, SA can not only improve the salt tolerance of D. salina, but also increase the proportion of 9-cis isomer, with higher physiological activity in β-carotene, thereby enhancing the application value of D. salina.
Wild or Reared? Cassiopea andromeda Jellyfish as a Potential Biofactory
Authors: De Domenico Stefania , Toso Andrea , De Rinaldis Gianluca , Mammone Marta , Fumarola Lara M. , Piraino Stefano , Leone Antonella
Published: January 2025

The zooxanthellate jellyfish Cassiopea andromeda (Forsskål, 1775), a Lessepsian species increasingly common in the western and central Mediterranean Sea, was investigated here to assess its potential as a source of bioactive compounds from medusa specimens both collected in the wild (the harbor of Palermo, NW Sicily) and reared under laboratory-controlled conditions. A standardized extraction protocol was used to analyze the biochemical composition of the two sampled populations in terms of protein, lipid, and pigment contents, as well as for their relative concentrations of dinoflagellate symbionts. The total extracts and their fractions were also biochemically characterized and analyzed for their in vitro antioxidant activity to quantify differences in functional compounds between wild and reared jellyfish. The two populations were similar in terms of extract yield, but with substantial differences in biomass, the number of zooxanthellae, protein and lipid contents, and fatty acid composition. The hydroalcoholic extracts obtained from jellyfish grown under controlled conditions showed greater antioxidant activity due to the presence of a higher content of bioactive compounds compared to wild jellyfish. This study could be the basis for considering the sustainable breeding of this holobiont or other similar organisms as a source of valuable compounds that can be used in the food, nutraceutical, or pharmaceutical sectors.
Substantial Impact of Later-Life Depression Among Community Older Adults on the Family Caregivers’ Burden in the Home Care Setting of Chiang Mai, Northern Thailand
Authors: Shimizu Keisuke , Aung Myo Nyein , Moolphate Saiyud , Aung Thin Nyein Nyein , Koyanagi Yuka , Supakankunti Siripen , Yuasa Motoyuki
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Depression is a common geriatric problem globally. It is particularly burdensome in low- and middle-income countries, where care for older people mainly relies on the family in the absence of long-term care facilities. This study aimed to assess the level of caregivers’ burden among family caregivers who are taking care of older persons with depression in the home care setting within the communities of Chiang Mai, Northern Thailand. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated 867 pairs of community-dwelling older adults and their family caregivers in Chiang Mai, Thailand. The depression of older people was screened using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale. The family caregivers’ burden and quality of life were measured using the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) and the European Quality of Life (EQ) Five Dimension Five Level scales. The analysis applied was multivariable regression. Results: Two-thirds of the family caregivers were female. The mean age was 55.3 ± 13.8 years. The family caregivers caring for older persons with depression experienced significantly higher levels of burden in terms of the CBI total score (Coefficient: 10.60, 95% CI: 8.60, 12.60) and lower quality of life in terms of the EQ visual analogue scale (Coefficient: −5.52, 95% CI: −8.41, −2.62). They were more likely to take sick leave from their jobs (adj. OR 4.00, 95% CI: 1.73, 9.24) and more often to get sick (adjusted OR 7.26, 95% CI: 2.68, 19.64) than the caregivers of older adults without depression. Conclusions: Urgent interventions to prevent depression among older adults and systematic support to relieve family caregiver burden are necessary. The measures to relieve family caregiver burden include care capacity building, psychological support, respite care service, financial support, and other health promotion activities.
Investigating Metabolic Phenotypes for Sarcoidosis Diagnosis and Exploring Immunometabolic Profiles to Unravel Disease Mechanisms
Authors: Banoei Mohammad Mehdi , Hashemi Shahraki Abdulrazagh , Santos Kayo , Holt Gregory , Mirsaeidi Mehdi
Published: January 2025

Background: Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease affecting multiple organ systems and poses a diagnostic challenge due to its diverse clinical manifestations and absence of specific diagnostic tests. Currently, blood biomarkers such as ACE, sIL-2R, CD163, CCL18, serum amyloid A, and CRP are employed to aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of sarcoidosis. Metabolomics holds promise for identifying highly sensitive and specific biomarkers. This study aimed to leverage metabolomics for the early diagnosis of sarcoidosis and to identify metabolic phenotypes associated with disease progression. Methods: Serum samples from patients with sarcoidosis (n = 40, including stage 1 to stage 4), were analyzed for metabolite levels by semi-untargeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Metabolomics data from patients with sarcoidosis were compared with those from patients with COVID-19 and healthy controls to identify distinguishing metabolic biosignatures. Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied to obtain diagnostic and prognostic metabolic phenotypes. Results: Significant changes in metabolic profiles distinguished stage 1 sarcoidosis from healthy controls, with potential biomarkers including azelaic acid, itaconate, and glutarate. Distinct metabolic phenotypes were observed across the stages of sarcoidosis, with stage 2 exhibiting greater heterogeneity compared with stages 1, 3, and 4. Conclusions: we explored immunometabolic phenotypes by comparing patients with sarcoidosis with patients with COVID-19 and healthy controls, revealing potential metabolic pathways associated with acute and chronic inflammation across the stages of sarcoidosis.
Distance Measurement and Error Compensation of High-Speed Coaxial Rotor Blades Based on Coded Ultrasonic Ranging
Authors: Lu Yaohuan , Zhang Shan , Hu Wenchuan , Qiu Zhen , Qiu Zurong , Qiu Yongqiang
Published: January 2025

Coaxial rotor helicopters have many advantages and have a wide range of civilian and military applications; however, there is a risk of blade collision between the upper and lower rotor blades, and the challenge still exists in balancing rotor parameters and flight control. In this paper, a blade tip distance measurement method based on coded ultrasonic ranging and phase triggering is proposed to tackle this measurement environment and expand the application of ultrasonic ranging in high-speed dynamic measurement. The time of flight (Tof) of coded ultrasonic ranging is calculated by the amplitude threshold improvement method and cross-correlation method, and the sound velocity is compensated by a proposed multi-factor compensation method. The static distance error of coded ranging with different codes are all within ±0.5 mm in the range of 10–1000 mm. The measurement error characteristics under different trigger phases and different rotational speeds are studied, and the error model is fitted by the back-propagation neural network method. After compensation, the vertical distance measurement errors are within ±2 mm in the range of 100–1000 mm under the condition that the rotational speed of the blade is up to 1020 RPM. It also provides a potential solution for other high-speed measurement problems.
A Comparative Analysis of Laser-Ablated Surface Characteristics Between the Si Face and C Face of Silicon Carbide Substrates
Authors: Tsai Hsin-Yi , Lin Yu-Hsuan , Huang Kuo-Cheng , Yeh J. Andrew , Yang Yi , Ding Chien-Fang
Published: January 2025

Silicon carbide (SiC) has significant potential as a third-generation semiconductor material due to its exceptional thermal and electronic properties, yet its high hardness and brittleness make processing costly and complex. This study introduces ultraviolet laser ablation as a method for direct SiC material removal, investigating the effects of varying scanning speeds on surface composition, hardness, and ablation depth. The results indicate optimal processing speeds for the Si and C faces at 200 mm/s and 100 mm/s, respectively. Ablation depth is linearly correlated with laser repetitions, achieving a 25% improvement in removal efficiency at 100 mm/s on the C face compared to higher speeds. A composition analysis shows that the Si and C faces of SiC exhibit consistent ratios of Si, O, and C both before and after ablation. Post-ablation, the proportion of Si and C decreases with an increased presence of oxygen. At scanning speeds below 200 mm/s, the variation in speed has minimal effect on the compositional ratios, indicating a stable elemental distribution across the surface despite differences in processing speed. Hardness testing indicates an initial hardness of 13,896 MPa for the C face, higher than that of the Si face, with both surfaces experiencing a drop to less than 1% of their original hardness (below 50 MPa) after ablation. Lattice structure analysis shows Moissanite-5H SiC and cubic silicon formation on the Si face, while the C face retains partial SiC structure. This study found that when laser parameters are used to process SiC, the processing parameters required on both sides are different and provide important reference information for future industrial processing applications to shorten the time and process cost of SiC surface thinning.
Response of Soil Bacteria to Short-Term Nitrogen Addition in Nutrient-Poor Areas
Authors: Yin Hongbin , Xu Mingyi , Huang Qingyang , Xie Lihong , Yang Fan , Zhang Chao , Sha Gang , Cao Hongjie
Published: January 2025

Increasing nitrogen (N) addition induces soil nutrient imbalances and is recognized as a major regulator of soil microbial communities. However, how soil bacterial abundance, diversity, and community composition respond to exogenous N addition in nutrient-poor and generally N-limited regions remains understudied. In this study, we investigated the effects of short-term exogenous N additions on soil bacterial communities using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Illumina Miseq sequencing in an in situ N addition field experiment. The results showed that a low nitrogen addition increased the observed species (Sobs) of the bacterial community, and with the increased nitrogen addition, the Sobs of bacteria gradually decreased, especially the unique OTUs. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Gemmatimonadetes increased with increasing nitrogen addition, whereas the relative abundance of Chloroflexi and Firmicutes decreased. Soil properties play an important role in bacterial community structure at phylum or genus levels. Short-term nitrogen addition increased the proportion of nodes from Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria in the co-occurrence network and enhanced the stability of the microbial network. Actinobacteria may play an important role in constructing the network. Our study aims to explore the effects of nitrogen addition on the diversity, composition, and structure of soil bacterial communities in nutrient-poor areas caused by ecological disturbances.
Grade Control in One of the Biggest Open Pit Mines in Europe: Corta Atalaya, Riotinto
Authors: Buelga Díaz Arturo , Castañón Fernández César , Diego Álvarez Isidro
Published: January 2025

Grade control refers to the procedure to differentiate ore from waste in a mine. It is usually not easy to make such differentiation, especially in metallic mines where grades are very low, and miners have no visual or texture reference to distinguish the rock. This paper gives details of the grade control process that has been in operation during the last 10 years in the Corta Atalaya open pit, Riotinto, Huelva, Spain. The spacing of the blast boreholes, the sampling procedure, the laboratory analysis, and the software used to interpolate the data are discussed in detail. The amount of data generated is huge, as more than 120,000 boreholes are drilled each year, generating a high workload, as each borehole has to be sampled, each sample analyzed, and the results included in Recmin databases. These data are used to generate separation zones for waste and ore that are marked by topographers. This process is a key part of the mining sequence, directly impacting the economic results of the mine as better leverage of the deposit is obtained.
Scots Pine Bark Extracts as Co-Hardeners of Epoxy Resins
Authors: Szmechtyk Tomasz
Published: January 2025

Extracts from natural waste like bark or leaves are great sources of phytochemicals, which contain functional groups (hydroxyl, carboxylic, vinyl, allyl) attractive in terms of polymer synthesis. In this study, the synthesis of epoxy with an extract of Scots pine bark as a natural co-hardener was evaluated. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy was used for the identification of phytochemicals with conjugated dienes and quantification of TPC. Also, the total solid content (TSC) of representative extracts was calculated. The best extract in terms of total phenolic content (TPC) value was selected as a co-hardener and investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for thermal effects and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FTIR) for reactions between functional groups. Also, the mechanical properties (flexural modulus, flexural strength, impact strength, Shore D hardness) and density of composition were obtained for extract-based epoxy and compared to reference sample values. Results were discussed in terms of future research and improvement of compositions. Also, potential applications were proposed.
Electronically Coupled Heterojunctions Based on Graphene and Cu2−xS Nanocrystals: The Effect of the Surface Ligand
Authors: Shang Ju Y. , Giancaspro Mariangela , Grandolfo Adriana , Lakho Rafique A. , Fanizza Elisabetta , Patel Suraj K. , Bianco Giuseppe Valerio , Striccoli Marinella , Ingrosso Chiara , Vazquez-Mena Oscar , Curri M. Lucia
Published: January 2025

Optoelectronic devices combining single-layer graphene (SLG) and colloidal semiconducting nanocrystal (NC) heterojunctions have recently gained significant attention as efficient hybrid photodetectors. While most research has concentrated on systems using heavy metal-based semiconductor NCs, there is a need for further exploration of environmentally friendly nanomaterials, such as Cu2−xS. Chemical ligands play a crucial role in these hybrid photodetectors, as they enable charge transfer between the NCs and SLG. This study investigates the photoresponse of an SLG/Cu2−xS NCs heterojunction, comparing the effect of two short molecules—tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) and 3,4-dimethylbenzenethiol (DMBT)—as surface ligands on the resulting structures. We have analysed charge transfer at the heterojunctions between SLG and the Cu2−xS NCs before and after modification with TBAI and DMBT using Raman spectroscopy and transconductance measurements under thermal equilibrium. The photoresponse of two hybrid devices based on three layers of Cu2₋xS NCs, deposited in one case on SLG/Cu2−xS/TBAI (“TBAI-only” device) and in the other on SLG/Cu2−xS/DMBT (“DMBT + TBAI” device), with a TBAI treatment applied, for both, after each layer deposition, has been evaluated under 450 nm laser diode illumination. The results indicate that the TBAI-only device exhibited a significant increase in photocurrent (4 μA), with high responsivity (40 mA/W) and fast response times (<1 s), while the DMBT + TBAI device had lower photocurrent (0.2 μA) and responsivity (2.4 μA), despite similar response speeds. The difference is attributed to DMBT’s π–π interactions with SLG, which enhances electronic coupling but reduces SLG’s mobility and responsivity.
Dereplication of Natural Product Antifungals via Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Chemical Genomics
Authors: Brittin Nathaniel J. , Aceti David J. , Braun Doug R. , Anderson Josephine M. , Ericksen Spencer S. , Rajski Scott R. , Currie Cameron R. , Andes David R. , Bugni Tim S.
Published: January 2025

Recently expanded reports of multidrug-resistant fungal infections underscore the need to develop new and more efficient methods for antifungal drug discovery. A ubiquitous problem in natural product drug discovery campaigns is the rediscovery of known compounds or their relatives; accordingly, we have integrated Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for structural dereplication and Yeast Chemical Genomics for bioprocess evaluation into a screening platform to identify such compounds early in the screening process. We identified 450 fractions inhibiting Candida albicans and the resistant strains of C. auris and C. glabrata among more than 40,000 natural product fractions. LC-MS/MS and chemical genomics were then used to identify those with known chemistry and mechanisms of action. The parallel deployment of these orthogonal methods improved the detection of unwanted compound classes over the methods applied individually.
Constructing Neuron-like Structured NiS2/MOF Composites with Enhanced Regulation of Electron Transport and Active Sites for Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Guo Yanli , Zhou Di , Huang Yanyan , Song Xiaolong , He Wei
Published: January 2025

Constructing fast electron transfer pathways and abundant electro-active sites is an effective strategy to improve the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance of catalysts. Herein, structural engineering and dual-phase engineering were employed to construct a NiS2 nanoparticle-encapsulated MOF configured with a pseudo-neuronal structure (NiS2/MOF/HT). It was found that the pseudo-neuronal structure, constructed with a carbon nanohorn (CNH) and carbon nanotube (CNT), provided fast electron transfer pathways and abundant exposed active sites. Moreover, the NiS2/MOF/HT composite obtained via partial vulcanization not only inherited the pseudo-neuronal structure but also prevented the aggregation and growth of NiS2 particles. NiS2/MOF composites provide various active sites. With the combination of the promotion of electronic transfer and enrichment of electro-active sites (NiS2, MOF), NiS2/MOF/HT showed excellent performance, whose overpotential at 25 mA cm−2 was reduced by 19.5% compared with MOF/HT.
Synthesis, Physicochemical Properties, and Ion Recognition Ability of Azulene-Based Bis-(Thio)Semicarbazone
Authors: Hanganu Anamaria , Maxim Catalin , Dogaru Andreea , Ion Adrian E. , Bleotu Coralia , Madalan Augustin M. , Bala Daniela , Nica Simona
Published: January 2025

Azulene-1,3-bis(semicarbazone), 1, and azulene-1,3-bis(thiosemicarbazone), 2, were synthesized by the acid-catalyzed condensation reactions of semicarbazide and thiosemicarbazide, respectively, with azulene-1,3-dicarboxaldehyde in stoichiometric amounts. Compounds 1 and 2 were identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry and characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and UV-vis spectroscopic techniques. Crystal structure determination of azulene-1,3-bis(thiosemicarbazone) shows that the thiosemicarbazone units exhibit a syn-closed conformation, with both arms oriented in the same direction and adopting an E configuration with respect to the imine linkages. Both hydrazones are redox active and showed fluorescence emission at 450 nm upon excitation at 350 nm. The bis-semicarbazone showed no affinity for anions nor for mercury(II) metal cation. Instead, the bis-thiosemicarbazone showed a lower affinity for chloride anions, but enhanced affinity for binding/poisoning Hg2+ ions. Both compounds were tested against osteosarcoma MG63 cell lines, exhibiting low antiproliferative activity with comparable IC50 values of 473.08 μM and 472.40 μM for compounds 1 and 2, respectively. Despite this limited antiproliferative effect, further analysis using propidium iodide staining revealed a concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability, with high concentrations inducing a marked reduction in cell number, accompanied by morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis and necrosis.
Tungsten Carbide/Tungsten Oxide Catalysts for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Ouyang Jian , Sun Yu , Zhang Yiqiong , Liu Juzhe , Bo Xin , Wang Zenglin
Published: January 2025

Catalyzing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a key process in high-efficiency proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) devices. To replace the use of Pt-based HER catalyst, tungsten carbide (W2C) is one of the most promising non-noble-metal-based catalysts with low cost, replicable catalytic performance, and durability. However, the preparation access to scalable production of W2C catalysts is inevitable. Herein, we introduced a facile protocol to achieve the tungsten carbide species by plasma treatment under a CH4 atmosphere from the WO3 precursor. Moreover, the heterogeneous structure of the tungsten carbide/tungsten oxide nanosheets further enhances the catalytic activity for HER with the enlarged specific surface area and the synergism on the interfaces. The prepared tungsten carbide/tungsten oxide heterostructure nanosheets (WO3-x-850-P) exhibit exceptional HER catalytic activity and stable longevity in acid electrolytes. This work provides a facile and effective method to construct high-performance and non-precious-metal-based electrocatalysts for industrial-scale water electrolysis.
Detonation Nanodiamond Soot—A Structurally Tailorable Hybrid Graphite/Nanodiamond Carbon-Based Material
Authors: Kurkin Tikhon S. , Lebedev Oleg V. , Golubev Evgeny K. , Gatin Andrey K. , Nepomnyashchikh Victoria V. , Dolmatov Valery Yu. , Ozerin Alexander N.
Published: January 2025

The results of a comprehensive investigation into the structure and properties of nanodiamond soot (NDS), obtained from the detonation of various explosive precursors (trinitrotoluene, a trinitrotoluene/hexogen mixture, and tetryl), are presented. The colloidal behavior of the NDS particles in different liquid media was studied. The results of the scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential measurements, and laser diffraction analysis suggested a similarity in the morphology of the NDS particle aggregates and agglomerates. The phase composition of the NDS nanoparticles was studied using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, electron diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy. The NDS particles were found to comprise both diamond and graphite phases. The ratio of diamond to graphite phase content varied depending on the NDS explosive precursor, while the graphite phase content had a significant impact on the electrical conductivity of NDS. The study of the mechanical and tribological characteristics of polymer nanocomposites, modified with the selected NDS particles, indicated that NDS of various types can serve as a viable set of model nanofillers.
Analysis of Nutrition Knowledge After One Year of Intervention in a National Extracurricular Athletics Program: A Cross-Sectional Study with Pair-Matched Controls of Polish Adolescents
Authors: Skolmowska Dominika , Głąbska Dominika , Guzek Dominika , Adamczyk Jakub Grzegorz , Nałęcz Hanna , Mellová Blanka , Żywczyk Katarzyna , Gutkowska Krystyna
Published: January 2025

Background: Nutrition knowledge may be translated into adequate dietary intake and proper eating habits, so adolescent education programs focusing on improving eating habits and nutrition knowledge are needed. The aim of the cross-sectional study with pair-matched controls was to assess the Consumer Nutrition Knowledge Scale (CoNKS) results and its determinants after one year of intervention in a national extracurricular athletics program within a pair-matched sample of Polish adolescents. Methods: The #goathletics Study evaluated a Polish national extracurricular athletics program, ‘Athletics for all’, being a voluntary and free-of-charge physical activity program organized by the Polish Athletics Association. The study allowed comparing the intervention group of adolescents aged 10–14 years, participating in the program for at least 9 months (a school year) and a pair-matched group not participating in it, while the matching was based on city, gender, and age (each group: n = 506 adolescents, n = 281 females and n = 225 males). The nutrition knowledge was assessed using a Consumer Nutrition Knowledge Scale (CoNKS), and during the analysis, the following factors were taken into account: body weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Results: The ‘Athletics for all’ program participation influenced not only the total CoNKS score (p < 0.0001) but also the scores in all studied areas—within procedural nutrition knowledge (p = 0.0002), declarative nutrition knowledge on nutrients (p = 0.0001), and declarative nutrition knowledge on calories (p < 0.0001), and program participants revealed a stronger understanding of all the studied areas compared to non-participating individuals. Gender, BMI, and central obesity tendency were not associated with the total CoNKS score (p > 0.05), or any of the studied areas (p > 0.05). The statistically significant differences in the number of correct answers were observed for four items within procedural nutrition knowledge, for four items within declarative nutrition knowledge on nutrients, and for four items within declarative nutrition knowledge on calories (p < 0.05), while for all of them, ‘Athletics for all’ program participants revealed a stronger understanding. Conclusions: One year of intervention in a national extracurricular athletics program significantly influenced the nutrition knowledge of the studied group of adolescents aged 10–14 years. While compared with the pair-matched control group of Polish adolescents, they were characterized by a stronger understanding of all areas of nutrition knowledge.
Efficacy of Natural β-Carotene Chewable Tablets Derived from Banana (Musa AA) Pulp in Reducing UV-Induced Skin Erythema
Authors: Putthong Chatnarong , Panmanee Thanasorn , Charoensit Pensri , Ross Sukunya , Tongpoolsomjit Kongaphisith , Viyoch Jarupa
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: UV radiation is a primary cause of skin damage and photoaging. β-carotene, a potent antioxidant, aids in mitigating UV-induced oxidative stress and enhancing skin photoprotection. This research aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a nutraceutical product designed to prevent photoaging. Methods: The product consists of a blend of hemp seed oil and banana (Musa AA), formulated as a chewable tablet. Healthy male participants aged 35–50 years were enrolled in a randomized, parallel, single-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Participants received either the chewable nutraceutical (five tablets after meals in the morning and evening, equivalent to 8 ± 2 mg/day of β-carotene and 400 mg/day of PUFA) or a chewable placebo for 16 weeks. A total of thirty-six participants successfully completed the entire 16-week study. Results: Administration of the nutraceutical resulted in a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in UV solar light stimulator-induced erythema on the dorsal skin at week 4, with a mean value of 3.76 ± 0.46 AU, compared to the initial value of 4.88 ± 0.62 AU at week 0. Additionally, serum β-carotene concentration significantly increased from 0.45 ± 0.02 µg/mL at week 0 to 0.61 ± 0.06 µg/mL at week 16 (p < 0.05). Moreover, skin intensity in the sun-exposed arm area also significantly improved at week 16, increasing from 71.33 ± 3.50 at week 0 to 81.80 ± 4.45 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results indicate that the developed nutraceutical may offer effective protection against erythema, making it a promising option for preventing photoaging.