bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Giant spin-to-charge conversion at an all-epitaxial single-crystal-oxide Rashba interface with a strongly correlated metal interlayer
Authors: Kaneta-Takada Shingo , Kitamura Miho , Arai Shoma , Arai Takuma , Okano Ryo , Anh Le Duc , Endo Tatsuro , Horiba Koji , Kumigashira Hiroshi , Kobayashi Masaki , Seki Munetoshi , Tabata Hitoshi , Tanaka Masaaki , Ohya Shinobu
Published: September 2022

The two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) formed at interfaces between SrTiO3(STO) and other oxide insulating layers is promising for use in efficient spin-charge conversion due to the large Rashba spin-orbit interaction (RSOI). However, these insulating layers on STO prevent the propagation of a spin current injected from an adjacent ferromagnetic layer. Moreover, the mechanism of the spin-current flow in these insulating layers is still unexplored. Here, using a strongly correlated polar-metalLaTiO3+δ(LTO) interlayer and the 2DEG formed at the LTO/STO interface in an all-epitaxial heterostructure, we demonstrate giant spin-to-charge current conversion efficiencies, up to ~190 nm, using spin-pumping ferromagnetic-resonance voltage measurements. This value is the highest among those reported for all materials, including spin Hall systems. Our results suggest that the strong on-site Coulomb repulsion in LTO and the giant RSOI of LTO/STO may be the key to efficient spin-charge conversion with suppressed spin-flip scattering. Our findings highlight the hidden inherent possibilities of oxide interfaces for spin-orbitronics applications.
The comparison of cancer gene mutation frequencies in Chinese and U.S. patient populations
Authors: Ma Fayang , Laster Kyle , Dong Zigang
Published: September 2022

Knowing the mutation frequency of cancer genes in China is crucial for reducing the global health burden. We integrate the tumor epidemiological statistics with cancer gene mutation rates identified in 11,948 cancer patients to determine their weighted proportions within a Chinese cancer patient cohort.TP53(51.4%),LRP1B(13.4%),PIK3CA(11.6%),KRAS(11.1%),EGFR(10.6%), andAPC(10.5%) are identified as the top mutated cancer genes in China. Additionally, 18 common cancer types from both China and U.S. cohorts are analyzed and classified into three patterns principally based uponTP53mutation rates:TP53-Top,TP53-Plus, and Non-TP53. Next, corresponding similarities and prominent differences are identified upon comparing the mutational profiles from both cohorts. Finally, the potential population-specific and environmental risk factors underlying the disparities in cancer gene mutation rates between the U.S. and China are analyzed. Here, we show and compare the mutation rates of cancer genes in Chinese and U.S. population cohorts, for a better understanding of the associated etiological and epidemiological factors, which are important for cancer prevention and therapy.
In vivo metabolic imaging identifies lipid vulnerability in a preclinical model of Her2+/Neu breast cancer residual disease and recurrence
Authors: Madonna Megan C. , Duer Joy E. , McKinney Brock J. , Sunassee Enakshi D. , Crouch Brian T. , Ilkayeva Olga , Hirschey Matthew D. , Alvarez James V. , Ramanujam Nirmala
Published: September 2022

Recurrent cancer cells that evade therapy is a leading cause of death in breast cancer patients. This risk is high for women showing an overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2). Cells that persist can rely on different substrates for energy production relative to their primary tumor counterpart. Here, we characterize metabolic reprogramming related to tumor dormancy and recurrence in a doxycycline-induced Her2+/Neu model of breast cancer with varying times to recurrence using longitudinal fluorescence microscopy. Glucose uptake (2-NBDG) and mitochondrial membrane potential (TMRE) imaging metabolically phenotype mammary tumors as they transition to regression, dormancy, and recurrence. “Fast-recurrence” tumors (time to recurrence ~55 days), transition from glycolysis to mitochondrial metabolism during regression and this persists upon recurrence. “Slow-recurrence” tumors (time to recurrence ~100 days) rely on both glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism during recurrence. The increase in mitochondrial activity in fast-recurrence tumors is attributed to a switch from glucose to fatty acids as the primary energy source for mitochondrial metabolism. Consequently, when fast-recurrence tumors receive treatment with a fatty acid inhibitor, Etomoxir, tumors report an increase in glucose uptake and lipid synthesis during regression. Treatment with Etomoxir ultimately prolongs survival. We show that metabolic reprogramming reports on tumor recurrence characteristics, particularly at time points that are essential for actionable targets. The temporal characteristics of metabolic reprogramming will be critical in determining the use of an appropriate timing for potential therapies; namely, the notion that metabolic-targeted inhibition during regression reports long-term therapeutic benefit.
Pathways to a net-zero-carbon water sector through energy-extracting wastewater technologies
Authors: Rani Aishwarya , Snyder Seth W. , Kim Hyunook , Lei Zhongfang , Pan Shu-Yuan
Published: September 2022

The energy-consuming and carbon-intensive wastewater treatment plants could become significant energy producers and recycled organic and metallic material generators, thereby contributing to broad sustainable development goals, the circular economy, and the water-energy-sanitation-food-carbon nexus. This review provides an overview of the waste(water)-based energy-extracting technologies, their engineering performance, techno-economic feasibility, and environmental benefits. Here, we propose four crucial strategies to achieve net-zero carbon along with energy sufficiency in the water sector, including (1) improvement in process energy efficiency; (2) maximizing on-site renewable capacities and biogas upgrading; (3) harvesting energy from treated effluent; (4) a new paradigm for decentralized water-energy supply units.
Circumventing the stability problems of graphene nanoribbon zigzag edges
Authors: Lawrence James , Berdonces-Layunta Alejandro , Edalatmanesh Shayan , Castro-Esteban Jesús , Wang Tao , Jimenez-Martin Alejandro , de la Torre Bruno , Castrillo-Bodero Rodrigo , Angulo-Portugal Paula , Mohammed Mohammed S. G. , Matěj Adam , Vilas-Varela Manuel , Schiller Frederik , Corso Martina , Jelinek Pavel , Peña Diego , de Oteyza Dimas G.
Published: September 2022

Carbon nanostructures with zigzag edges exhibit unique properties—such as localized electronic states and spins—with exciting potential applications. Such nanostructures however are generally synthesized under vacuum because their zigzag edges are unstable under ambient conditions: a barrier that must be surmounted to achieve their scalable integration into devices for practical purposes. Here we show two chemical protection/deprotection strategies, demonstrated on labile, air-sensitive chiral graphene nanoribbons. Upon hydrogenation, the chiral graphene nanoribbons survive exposure to air, after which they are easily converted back to their original structure by annealing. We also approach the problem from another angle by synthesizing a form of the chiral graphene nanoribbons that is functionalized with ketone side groups. This oxidized form is chemically stable and can be converted to the pristine hydrocarbon form by hydrogenation and annealing. In both cases, the deprotected chiral graphene nanoribbons regain electronic properties similar to those of the pristine nanoribbons. We believe both approaches may be extended to other graphene nanoribbons and carbon-based nanostructures.
Real-time denoising enables high-sensitivity fluorescence time-lapse imaging beyond the shot-noise limit
Authors: Li Xinyang , Li Yixin , Zhou Yiliang , Wu Jiamin , Zhao Zhifeng , Fan Jiaqi , Deng Fei , Wu Zhaofa , Xiao Guihua , He Jing , Zhang Yuanlong , Zhang Guoxun , Hu Xiaowan , Chen Xingye , Zhang Yi , Qiao Hui , Xie Hao , Li Yulong , Wang Haoqian , Fang Lu , Dai Qionghai
Published: September 2022

A fundamental challenge in fluorescence microscopy is the photon shot noise arising from the inevitable stochasticity of photon detection. Noise increases measurement uncertainty and limits imaging resolution, speed and sensitivity. To achieve high-sensitivity fluorescence imaging beyond the shot-noise limit, we present DeepCAD-RT, a self-supervised deep learning method for real-time noise suppression. Based on our previous framework DeepCAD, we reduced the number of network parameters by 94%, memory consumption by 27-fold and processing time by a factor of 20, allowing real-time processing on a two-photon microscope. A high imaging signal-to-noise ratio can be acquired with tenfold fewer photons than in standard imaging approaches. We demonstrate the utility of DeepCAD-RT in a series of photon-limited experiments, including in vivo calcium imaging of mice, zebrafish larva and fruit flies, recording of three-dimensional (3D) migration of neutrophils after acute brain injury and imaging of 3D dynamics of cortical ATP release. DeepCAD-RT will facilitate the morphological and functional interrogation of biological dynamics with a minimal photon budget.
Discovery and molecular basis of subtype-selective cyclophilin inhibitors
Authors: Peterson Alexander A. , Rangwala Aziz M. , Thakur Manish K. , Ward Patrick S. , Hung Christie , Outhwaite Ian R. , Chan Alix I. , Usanov Dmitry L. , Mootha Vamsi K. , Seeliger Markus A. , Liu David R.
Published: September 2022

Although cyclophilins are attractive targets for probing biology and therapeutic intervention, no subtype-selective cyclophilin inhibitors have been described. We discovered novel cyclophilin inhibitors from the in vitro selection of a DNA-templated library of 256,000 drug-like macrocycles for cyclophilin D (CypD) affinity. Iterated macrocycle engineering guided by ten X-ray co-crystal structures yielded potent and selective inhibitors (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 10 nM) that bind the active site of CypD and also make novel interactions with non-conserved residues in the S2 pocket, an adjacent exo-site. The resulting macrocycles inhibit CypD activity with 21- to >10,000-fold selectivity over other cyclophilins and inhibit mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening in isolated mitochondria. We further exploited S2 pocket interactions to develop the first cyclophilin E (CypE)-selective inhibitor, which forms a reversible covalent bond with a CypE S2 pocket lysine, and exhibits 30- to >4,000-fold selectivity over other cyclophilins. These findings reveal a strategy to generate isoform-selective small-molecule cyclophilin modulators, advancing their suitability as targets for biological investigation and therapeutic development.
Age-related injury patterns resulting from knife violence in an urban population
Authors: Vulliamy P. , Hancorn K. , Glasgow S. , West A. , Davenport R. A. , Brohi K. , Griffiths M. P.
Published: September 2022

Interpersonal violence involving knives is a major public health problem. The majority of patients are young people in urban areas, but little is known about age-specific patterns of injury and recent trends in injury characteristics. We performed a retrospective cohort study of all patients presenting to an urban major trauma centre with stab injuries resulting from assault between 2012 and 2018. A total of 3583 patients were included. Young people (age under 25) were more likely to have sustained multiple stab wounds compared to older people (43% vs 35%, p < 0.001) and had significantly higher rates of stab injuries involving the lower limbs, groin and buttocks. The annual number of injuries increased steadily during the study period in patients aged under 25 (r2 = 0.82, p = 0.005) and those over 25 (r2 = 0.95, p < 0.001). Over time, limb and junctional injuries accounted for an increasing proportion of stab wounds in young people, overtaking torso injuries as most common pattern of injury by the end of the study period. These findings illustrate the influence of age on injury patterns resulting from knife violence, and support the expansion of outreach initiatives promoting bystander-delivered haemorrhage control of extremity wounds.
Knockdown of heat shock transcription factor 1 decreases temperature stress tolerance in Bemisia tabaci MED
Authors: Bai Jing , Liu Yun-Cai , Wei Ran , Wang Yu-Cheng , Gong Wei-Rong , Du Yu-Zhou
Published: September 2022

The primary function of heat shock transcription factor (HSF) in the heat shock response is to activate the transcription of genes encoding heat shock proteins (HSPs). The phloem-feeding insectBemisia tabaci(Gennadius) is an important pest of cotton, vegetables and ornamentals that transmits several plant viruses and causes enormous agricultural losses. In this study, the gene encoding HSF (Bthsf1) was characterized in MEDB. tabaci. The full-length cDNA encoded a protein of 652 amino acids with an isoelectric point of 5.55. TheBtHSF1 deduced amino acid sequence showed strong similarity to HSF in other insects. Expression analyses using quantitative real-time PCR indicated thatBthsf1was significantly up-regulated inB. tabaciadults and pupae during thermal stress. AlthoughBthsf1was induced by both hot and cold stress, the amplitude of expression was greater in the former.Bthsf1had distinct, significant differences in expression pattern during different duration of high but not low temperature stress. Oral ingestion ofdsBthsf1repressed the expression ofBthsf1and four heat shock proteins (Bthsp90,Bthsp70-3,Bthsp20andBthsp19.5) in MEDB. tabaciduring hot and cold stress. In conclusion, our results show thatBthsf1is differentially expressed during high and low temperature stress and regulates the transcription of multiplehspsin MEDB. tabaci.
High-precision multiparameter estimation of mechanical force by quantum optomechanics
Authors: Ruppert László , Rakhubovsky Andrey , Filip Radim
Published: September 2022

A nanomechanical oscillator can be used as a sensitive probe of a small linearized mechanical force. We propose a simple quantum optomechanical scheme using a coherent light mode in the cavity and weak short-pulsed light-matter interactions. Our main result is that if we transfer some displacement to the mechanical mode in an initialization phase, then a much weaker optomechanical interaction is enough to obtain a high-precision multiparameter estimation of the unknown force. This approach includes not only estimating the displacement caused by the force but also simultaneously observing the phase shift and squeezing of the mechanical mode. We show that the proposed scheme is robust against typical experimental imperfections and demonstrate the feasibility of our scheme using orders of magnitude weaker optomechanical interactions than in previous related works. Thus, we present a simple, robust estimation scheme requiring only very weak light-matter interactions, which could open the way to new nanomechanical sensors.
Experimental and theoretical study of the effect of different functionalities of graphene oxide/polymer composites on selective CO2 capture
Authors: Stankovic Branislav , Barbarin Iranzu , Sanz Oihane , Tomovska Radmila , Ruipérez Fernando
Published: September 2022

There is a constant need for versatile technologies to reduce the continuously increasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, able to provide effective solutions under different conditions (temperature, pressure) and composition of the flue gas. In this work, a combination of graphene oxide (GO) and functionalized waterborne polymer particles was investigated, as versatile and promising candidates for CO2 capture application, with the aim to develop an easily scalable, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly CO2 capture technology. There are huge possibilities of different functional monomers that can be selected to functionalize the polymer particles and to provide CO2-philicity to the composite nanostructures. Density functional theory (DFT) was employed to gain a deeper understanding of the interactions of these complex composite materials with CO2 and N2 molecules, and to build a basis for efficient screening for functional monomers. Estimation of the binding energy between CO2 and a set of GO/polymer composites, comprising copolymers of methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, and different functional monomers, shows that it depends strongly on the polymer functionalities. In some cases, there is a lack of cooperative effect of GO. It is explained by a remarkably strong GO-polymer binding, which induced less effective CO2-polymer interactions. When compared with experimental results, in the cases when the nanocomposite structures presented similar textural properties, the same trends for selective CO2 capture over N2 were attained. Besides novel functional materials for CO2 capture and a deeper understanding of the interactions between CO2 molecules with various materials, this study additionally demonstrates that DFT calculations can be a shorter route toward the efficient selection of the best functionalization of the composite materials for selective CO2 capture.
Compact all-optical precision-tunable narrowband hard Compton X-ray source
Authors: Brümmer T. , Bohlen S. , Grüner F. , Osterhoff J. , Põder K.
Published: September 2022

Readily available bright X-ray beams with narrow bandwidth and tunable energy promise to unlock novel developments in a wide range of applications. Among emerging alternatives to large-scale and costly present-day radiation sources which severely restrict the availability of such beams, compact laser-plasma-accelerator-driven inverse Compton scattering sources show great potential. However, these sources are currently limited to tens of percent bandwidths, unacceptably large for many applications. Here, we show conceptually that using active plasma lenses to tailor the electron bunch-photon interaction, tunable X-ray and gamma beams with percent-level bandwidths can be produced. The central X-ray energy is tunable by varying the focusing strength of the lens, without changing electron bunch properties, allowing for precision-tuning the X-ray beam energy. This method is a key development towards laser-plasma-accelerator-driven narrowband, precision tunable femtosecond photon sources, enabling a paradigm shift and proliferation of compact X-ray applications.
Symptoms of depression and anxiety increased marginally from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic among young adults in Canada
Authors: Sylvestre Marie-Pierre , Tchouangue Dinkou Gillis D. , Armasu Alexia , Pelekanakis Annie , Plourde Vickie , Bélanger Mathieu , Maximova Katerina , Thombs Brett D. , O’Loughlin Jennifer
Published: September 2022

We documented changes in depressive and anxiety symptoms from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic among young adults and investigated whether changes differed across participant characteristics. Data were available in an investigation of 1294 grade 7 students recruited in 1999–2000. For this analysis, we used data collected pre-pandemically in 2017–20 (mean (SD) age = 30.6 (1.0)) and during the pandemic in 2020–21 (mean (SD) age = 33.6 (0.6)). 673 participants with data in both cycles were retained for analysis. Symptoms were measured using the Major Depression Inventory (MDI) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale. Standardized mean differences (SMD) of changes in MDI and GAD-7 values between cycles were calculated across participant characteristics. On average, MDI scores increased by 2.1 (95%CI 1.4, 2.8) points during the pandemic from mean 10.5; GAD-7 scores increased by 1.2 (0.8, 1.5) points from mean 4.7. The SMD was 0.24 (0.14, 0.33) for MDI, and 0.24 (0.13, 0.34) for GAD-7. No differences in MDI change scores were observed across participant characteristics. Differences in GAD-7 change scores were observed by mood/anxiety disorder (SMD − 0.31 (− 0.58, − 0.05)), household income (0.24 (0.02, 48)), living with young children (− 0.56 (− 1.23,− 0.05)), and adherence to public health recommendations 0.58 (0.19, 1.03)). Increases in depressive and anxiety symptoms were observed 10–16 months into the COVID-19 pandemic among adults age 32–36.
Influence factors and prediction model of enstrophy dissipation from the tip leakage vortex in a multiphase pump
Authors: Shu Zekui , Shi Guangtai , Yao Xin , Sun Guodong , Tao Sijia
Published: September 2022

In a multiphase pump, tip clearance is the required distance between the blade tip and the pump body wall of the impeller, forming tip leakage vortex (TLV), causing unstable flow and energy dissipation. In the present work, the enstrophy dissipation theory is innovatively applied to quantitatively study the energy dissipation of the TLV. The flow rate, tip clearance, and inlet gas void fraction (IGVF) play a crucial role in affecting the enstrophy dissipation of the TLV. The results show that increasing flow rate, tip clearance, and IGVF significantly exacerbate the TLV pattern and raise the TLV scale, which gradually raises volume enstrophy dissipation and decreases wall enstrophy dissipation. As the flow rate increases, the separation angle between the primary TLV trajectory and the blade gradually decreases, and widely dispersing the enstrophy dissipation near the shroud. However, as the tip clearance increases, the tip separated vortex scale increases and extends to the suction surface, raising the velocity gradient. Besides, as the IGVF increases, the secondary TLV develops from a continuous sheet vortex to a scattered strip vortex, increasing the significantly increasing the enstrophy dissipation. Considering the flow rate, tip clearance, and IGVF as independent variables, simple and multiple nonlinear regression models have the ability to predict the enstrophy dissipation of the TLV accurately.
Computational and experimental elucidation of the boosted stability and antibacterial activity of ZIF-67 upon optimized encapsulation with polyoxometalates
Authors: Mohamed Aya M. , Abbas Walaa A. , Khedr Ghada E. , Abass Wessam , Allam Nageh K.
Published: September 2022

Water microbial purification is one of the hottest topics that threats human morbidity and mortality. It is indispensable to purify water using antimicrobial agents combined with several technologies and systems. Herein, we introduce a class of nanosized metal organic framework; Zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-67) cages encapsulated with polyoxometalates synthesized via facile one-step co-precipitation method. We employed two types of polyoxometalates bioactive agents; phosphotungstic acid (PTA) and phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) that act as novel antibacterial purification agents. Several characterization techniques were utilized to investigate the morphological, structural, chemical, and physical properties such as FESEM, EDS, FTIR, XRD, and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms techniques. The antibacterial assessment was evaluated using colony forming unit (CFU) against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as models of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively. The PTA@ZIF-67 showed higher microbial inhibition against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by 98.8% and 84.6%, respectively. Furthermore, computational modeling using density functional theory was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of PTA when compared to PMA. The computational and experimental findings demonstrate that the fabricated POM@ZIF-67 materials exhibited outstanding bactericidal effect against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and effectively purify contaminated water.
Conformational change of RNA-helicase DHX30 by ALS/FTD-linked FUS induces mitochondrial dysfunction and cytosolic aggregates
Authors: Hikiami Ryota , Morimura Toshifumi , Ayaki Takashi , Tsukiyama Tomoyuki , Morimura Naoko , Kusui Makiko , Wada Hideki , Minamiyama Sumio , Shodai Akemi , Asada-Utsugi Megumi , Muramatsu Shin-ichi , Ueki Takatoshi , Takahashi Ryosuke , Urushitani Makoto
Published: September 2022

Genetic mutations in fused in sarcoma (FUS) cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Although mitochondrial dysfunction and stress granule have been crucially implicated in FUS proteinopathy, the molecular basis remains unclear. Here, we show that DHX30, a component of mitochondrial RNA granules required for mitochondrial ribosome assembly, interacts with FUS, and plays a crucial role in ALS-FUS. WT FUS did not affect mitochondrial localization of DHX30, but the mutant FUS lowered the signal of mitochondrial DHX30 and promoted the colocalization of cytosolic FUS aggregates and stress granule markers. The immunohistochemistry of the spinal cord from an ALS-FUS patient also confirmed the colocalization, and the immunoelectron microscope demonstrated decreased mitochondrial DHX30 signal in the spinal motor neurons. Subcellular fractionation by the detergent-solubility and density-gradient ultracentrifugation revealed that mutant FUS also promoted cytosolic mislocalization of DHX30 and aggregate formation. Interestingly, the mutant FUS disrupted the DHX30 conformation with aberrant disulfide formation, leading to impaired mitochondrial translation. Moreover, blue-native gel electrophoresis revealed an OXPHOS assembly defect caused by the FUS mutant, which was similar to that caused by DHX30 knockdown. Collectively, our study proposes DHX30 as a pivotal molecule in which disulfide-mediated conformational change mediates mitochondrial dysfunction and cytosolic aggregate formation in ALS-FUS.
Associations between salivary cytokines and oral health, age, and sex in healthy children
Authors: Rinderknecht Charlotte , Filippi Cornelia , Ritz Nicole , Fritschi Nora , Simmen Urs , Filippi Andreas , Diesch-Furlanetto Tamara
Published: September 2022

Human saliva is a complex fluid containing proteins such as salivary cytokines, which can be used for diagnostic purposes, particularly among the pediatric population. This study aimed to assess the concentrations of salivary cytokines in healthy children and adolescents and determine their associations with age, sex, and oral and dental findings. Healthy children and adolescents aged 4–18 years were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The concentrations of the following salivary cytokines were measured by Luminex technology: IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IP-10, TNF-α, and VEGF-A. Additionally, oral and dental parameters were recorded using a standardized protocol. A total of 128 participants (mean age, 10.7 years; males, 50.8%) were enrolled. The levels of 1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were significantly higher in those with gingivitis. Increased salivary flow rates were negatively correlated with IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, and VEGF-A concentrations. The findings of this study showed that the concentrations of most of the salivary cytokines were positively correlated with age and the presence of oral pathologies (such as gingivitis and caries) and negatively correlated with salivary flow rate.
The heating efficiency of magnetic nanoparticles under an alternating magnetic field
Authors: Yu Xiaogang , Yang Renpeng , Wu Chengwei , Liu Bo , Zhang Wei
Published: September 2022

Hysteresis loss and relaxation loss are the two dominant heating mechanisms of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in an alternating magnetic field (AMF). In magnetic induction hyperthermia, heating efficiency is one of the crucial factors. It is proposed that the MNPs with a dominant heating mechanism of relaxation loss will exhibit a higher heating efficiency. However, the relative experiments supporting the proposal is still absent due to the difficulty of obtaining the MNPs with the same components and similar morphology but different dominant heating mechanism. Here, the post-processing method of calcination is employed to change the cation distribution of the MNPs (Fe3O4 and Zn0.54Co0.46Cr0.6Fe1.4O4), so as to obtain the MNPs with similar morphology but different dominant heating mechanism. The magnetic heating experiments were conducted to examine the heating efficiency. The results suggest that the MNPs with relaxation loss have a higher heating efficiency under the investigated AMF.
A deep clustering-based mass spectral data visualization strategy for anti-renal fibrotic lead compound identification from natural products
Authors: Lai Jieying , Huang Lichuang , Bao Yini , Wang Lu , Lyu Qiang , Kuang Haodan , Wang Kuilong , Sang Xianan , Yang Qiao , Shan Qiyuan , Cao Gang
Published: September 2022

We present a deep clustering-based MS data visualization strategy (MCnebula), integrated with the influential open-source automatic MS annotation platform SIRIUS and in vivo and in vitro methods, to screen and validate potential lead compounds from natural products.
Radiation treatment response and hypoxia biomarkers revealed by machine learning assisted Raman spectroscopy in tumour cells and xenograft tissues
Authors: Deng Xinchen , Milligan Kirsty , Brolo Alexandre , Lum Julian J. , Andrews Jeffrey L. , Jirasek Andrew
Published: September 2022

GBR-NMF-RF-SHAP model helped identify a wide range of radiation response biomarkers and hypoxia indicators (e.g., glycogen, lipids, DNA, amino acids) in Raman spectra acquired from H460 human lung cancer cells and H460 xenografts.
Facile preparation of a novel chitosan-derived porous graphitized carbon biomaterial for highly efficient capture of N-glycans
Authors: Wang Jiaxi , Weng Lingxiao , Liu Weizhuo , Zhang Hongbin , Gao Mingxia , Zhang Xiangmin , Huang Li-Hao
Published: September 2022

A novel porous graphitized carbon biomaterial (CS-900-1C) was fabricated for a highly efficient capture of N-glycans and the discovery of five specific N-glycans expressed during diabetes progression.
Preparation and characterization of flexible furosemide-loaded biodegradable microneedles for intradermal drug delivery
Authors: Abu-Much Arsalan , Darawshi Raya , Dawud Hala , Kasem Haytam , Abu Ammar Aiman
Published: September 2022

Furosemide-loaded microneedles, comprising PLGA needle tips and a flexible base, were fabricated and characterized in vitro and ex vivo. The microneedles exhibited an initial burst release followed by sustained release of furosemide.
Protein-directed synthesis of ZIF-8 functionalized with a polymer as core–shell drug coatings with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties
Authors: Saha Sarmistha , Mishra Abhijit
Published: September 2022

We developed a strategy to use lysozyme (Lys) as a template to produce mesoporous polymeric core–shell zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) structures under physiological conditions.
Optimal machine learning feature selection for assessing the mechanical properties of a zeolite framework
Authors: Kim Namjung , Min Kyoungmin
Published: September 2022

In this study, 45 and 249 critical features were discovered among 896 zeolite descriptors generated by the matminer package for estimating the shear and bulk moduli of zeolites, respectively.
The effect of doping and strain on superconductivity of T-graphene
Authors: Qiao Shu-Xiang , Sui Chang-Hao , Yang Liu , Li Ya-Ping , Sun Yu-Xin , Zhang Nai-Xin , Bai Jia-Qi , Jiao Na , Lu Hong-Yan
Published: September 2022

Hole doping and biaxial tensile strain on T-graphene can increase its superconducting Tc to a value higher than those of the pristine T-graphene and many other 2D carbon-based superconductors.
A molecular dynamics study of the nonlinear spectra and structure of charged (101) quartz/water interfaces
Authors: Smirnov Konstantin S.
Published: September 2022

An interplay between the nonlinear response of the Stern and diffuse layers accounts for the dependence of the χ(2) spectra of the quartz/water interface on the pH of the aqueous phase.
Exciton-vibrational dynamics induces efficient self-trapping in a substituted nanoring
Authors: Alfonso Hernandez Laura , Freixas Victor M. , Rodriguez-Hernandez Beatriz , Tretiak Sergei , Fernandez-Alberti Sebastian , Oldani Nicolas
Published: September 2022

Tetraphenyl substitution on a cycloparaphenylene facilitates the electronic relaxation by introducing a larger number of efficient alternative pathways of nonradiative relaxation from the long-lived state to states lower in energy.
LPdCl2(amine) complexes supported by terphenyl phosphanes: applications in aryl amination reactions
Authors: Santamaría Nazaret , Velasco Clara , Marín Mario , Maya Celia , Nicasio M. Carmen
Published: September 2022

Pd-PEPPSI-type complexes bearing bulky terphenyl phosphane ligands are prepared and their catalytic activity examined in the Buchwald–Hartwig reaction.
Distribution of legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in riverine and coastal sediments of Southeastern North Carolina, USA
Authors: Shimizu Megumi S. , Garcia Rosa S. , Avery G. Brooks , Kieber Robert J. , Skrabal Stephen A. , Mead Ralph N.
Published: September 2022

Sediment was collected along a river to ocean transect for targeted quantification and suspect screening of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances analysis.
Effect of LiH on the fast hydrolysis and hydrogen generation of MgH2 by ball milling
Authors: Qiu Hongwei , Han Xingbo , Zang Shuyan , Liu Wei , Yang Guo , Lv Lijun , Wang Xiaofeng , Duan Jiaqi , Wang Shuangyu
Published: September 2022

The MgH2–LiH composites with different composition ratios were prepared by different ball milling times, and the hydrogen generation performances of the composites were investigated and compared.
Theoretical studies on the effects of π-bridge engineering on the photoelectric performance of Y6
Authors: Tao Meizhen , Peng Liang , Gu Feng Long
Published: September 2022

Theoretical studies on the effects of different numbers of selenophene π-bridge units on the photoelectric performance of Y6.
Tuning oxygen vacancies in MoS2@MoO2 hierarchical tubular heterostructures for high performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Guo Chaofei , Yao Yaomeng , Cao YingNan , Feng Qin , Zhang Yifan , Wang Yong
Published: September 2022

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), with its unique two-dimensional nanostructure and high theoretical capacity, is considered a promising electrode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).
New luminescent organoboron esters based on damnacanthal: one-pot multicomponent synthesis, optical behavior, cytotoxicity, and selectivity studies against MDA-MBA-231 breast cancer cells
Authors: García-López María C. , Herrera-España Angel D. , Estupiñan-Jiménez José R. , González-Villasana Vianey , Cáceres-Castillo David , Bojórquez-Quintal E. , Elizondo P. , Jiménez-Barrera Rosa M. , Chan-Navarro Rodrigo
Published: September 2022

The luminescent organoboron esters based on damnacanthal were synthetized by one-pot multicomponent reaction.
ZnCdS enhanced g-C3N4 electrochemiluminescence behavior based on Rh0.6Ru0.4@Ag quenching for neuron-specific enolase detection
Authors: Gong Zhengxing , Luo Jing , Shao Xinrong , Sun Xu , Wang Huan , Wu Dan , Fan Dawei , Li Yuyang , Wei Qin , Ju Huangxian
Published: September 2022

A novel quenching electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor for the trace detection of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was developed.
Nanoarchitectonics beyond perfect order – not quite perfect but quite useful
Authors: Cao Lin , Huang Yanqi , Parakhonskiy Bogdan , Skirtach Andre G.
Published: September 2022

Nanoarchitectonics, like architectonics, allows the design and building of structures, but at the nanoscale.
Advances in the regulation of kinetics of cathodic H+/Zn2+ interfacial transport in aqueous Zn/MnO2 electrochemistry
Authors: Shang Zhoutai , Wang Shoujuan , Zhang Hong , Zhang Wenli , Lu Songtao , Lu Ke
Published: September 2022

The recent advances in the modulation of interfacial H+/Zn2+ transport and related redox kinetics to effectively improve the electrochemical responses are systematically summarized.
Heterojunction MnO2-nanosheet-decorated Ag nanowires with enhanced oxidase-like activity for the sensitive dual-mode detection of glutathione
Authors: Tian Lin , Huang Zijun , Na Weidan , Liu Yuanyuan , Wang Shuai , He Yu , Cheng Wenjing , Huang Tianzi , Li Zhao , Li Tongxiang
Published: September 2022

The biocatalytic design of nanomaterials with enzyme-like activity is considered a reliable and promising toolkit for the generation of diagnostic agents in complex biological microenvironments.
Iridium-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones with a cinchona alkaloid derived NNP ligand
Authors: Li Linlin , Ma Nana , Chen Qian , Sun Hao , Tian Jie , Xu Qian , Li Chun , Zhang Lin
Published: September 2022

An iridium complex with a cinchona alkaloid derived NNP ligand efficiently catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones using i-PrOH as the hydrogen source.
Fe3+ in a tetrahedral position determined the electrocatalytic properties in FeMn2O4
Authors: Qi Caiyun , Liu Qun , Dong Yucan , Zhang Guoqiang , Jiang Xingdong , Gao Daqiang
Published: September 2022

Inspired by the flexibility of cation exchange and valence state variation in spinel ferrite, a high activity OER catalyst FeMn2O4 has been observed without inducing the change of composition, morphology, and atomic doping.
Effect of the dangling aromatic ring on neutral luminescent bis(phosphine) Cu(i)/Ag(i) complexes with the asymmetric pyridyl-tetrazolate ligands
Authors: Xiang Jing , Wang Li-Xin , Zhang Xu , Zhu De-Sheng , Wang Lei , Liu Lu-Lu , Leung Chi-Fai , Xiang Jing
Published: September 2022

The Cu(i) complex of a pyridyl-tetrazolate ligand exhibits enhanced luminescence, which was fabricated as an OLED device with an EQE of 7.7%.
Fabricating sub-nanometer materials through cluster assembly
Authors: Liu Qingda , Wang Xun
Published: September 2022

This perspective discusses the synthesis and precise control of sub-nanometric cluster assemblies at the molecular level, as well as the exceptional properties derived from interactions between clusters.
Formation and fluctuation of two-dimensional dodecagonal quasicrystals
Authors: Lieu Uyen Tu , Yoshinaga Natsuhiko
Published: September 2022

The positional order of the particles in a dodecagonal quasicrystal can be seen from the triangulated network, whose vertex is a dodecagonal motif made of nineteen particles.
Smoking-induced microbial dysbiosis in health and disease
Authors: Shapiro Hagit , Goldenberg Kim , Ratiner Karina , Elinav Eran
Published: September 2022

Smoking is associated with an increased risk of cancer, pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, but the precise mechanisms by which such risk is mediated remain poorly understood. Additionally, smoking can impact the oral, nasal, oropharyngeal, lung and gut microbiome composition, function, and secreted molecule repertoire. Microbiome changes induced by smoking can bear direct consequences on smoking-related illnesses. Moreover, smoking-associated dysbiosis may modulate weight gain development following smoking cessation. Here, we review the implications of cigarette smoking on microbiome community structure and function. In addition, we highlight the potential impacts of microbial dysbiosis on smoking-related diseases. We discuss challenges in studying host–microbiome interactions in the context of smoking, such as the correlations with smoking-related disease severity versus causation and mechanism. In all, understanding the microbiome’s role in the pathophysiology of smoking-related diseases may promote the development of rational therapies for smoking- and smoking cessation-related disorders, as well as assist in smoking abstinence.
Hybrid network model based on 3D convolutional neural network and scalable graph convolutional network for hyperspectral image classification
Authors: Wang Xili , Liang Zhengyin
Published: September 2022

Hyperspectral images (HSIs) contain hundreds of continuous spectral bands and are rich in spectral‐spatial information. In terms of HSIs’ classification, traditional convolutional neural networks (CNNs) extract features based on HSI's spectral‐spatial information through 2D convolution. However, 2D convolution extracts features in 2D plane without considering the relationships between spectral bands, which inevitably leads to insufficient feature extraction. 3D convolutional neural networks (3DCNNs) take account of the correlations among spectral bands and outperform 2D convolutional networks in feature extraction, but the computational cost is rather expensive. To address the above problem, a light‐weight three‐layer 3D convolutional network Module (3D‐M) for HSIs’ spectral‐spatial feature extraction is proposed. Another challenge is that neither 2D convolution nor 3D convolution utilizes the structural information inherent in the data. Graph convolution networks (GCNs) can model and utilize such information through the similarity matrix, also known as adjacency matrix. However, traditional GCNs cannot handle large‐scale data because they construct adjacency matrix on all data, which results in high computational complexity and large storage requirement. To conquer this challenge, this article proposes a batch‐graph strategy on which a scalable GCN is developed. Finally, a hybrid network model (HNM) based on the proposed light‐weight 3D‐M and scalable GCN is presented. HNM extracts spectral‐spatial features of HSIs with low computational complexity through the light‐weight 3D convolution network and leverages the structural information in data via the scalable GCN. The experimental results on three public datasets with different sizes demonstrate that the proposed HNM produces better classification results than other state‐of‐the‐art hyperspectral images classification models in terms of overall accuracy (OA), average accuracy (AA) and kappa coefficient (Kappa).
Wind farm array cable layout optimisation for complex offshore sites—A decomposition based heuristic approach
Authors: Taylor Peter , Yue Hong , Campos‐Gaona David , Anaya‐Lara Olimpo , Jia Chunjiang
Published: September 2022

As the number of turbines in offshore wind farms increases, so does the complexity of cable routing optimisation problems. Optimising the collector network is a crucial task for developers contributing between 15% and 30% of initial investment costs. For some algorithms, increasing the number of turbines leads to unfavourable scaling of the computational time and memory required to reach optimal solutions. Heuristics offer an alternative but are likely to incur increases in total costs relative to the optimal solution since heuristic searching cannot guarantee optimality. This study proposes a novel optimisation algorithm based on the ant‐colony heuristic by introducing decomposition techniques informed by the problem formulation to improve the computational performance. The new algorithm can reach near‐optimal solutions and requires little computational resource. Three algorithms are compared on a set of six case studies, including mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP), classical ant‐colony optimisation (ACO) algorithm, and the proposed ACO with decomposition, ACOsp. Optimal solutions were found using the MILP algorithm. ACO algorithm solutions cost 0.4–7.6% more than optimal solutions, whereas ACOsp solutions cost only 0.0–1.4% more than optimal solutions. The proposed ACOsp algorithm has shown to be a robust approach for large‐scale cable layout optimisation problems (>100 turbines) without requiring high‐performance computing facilities.
Track‐Before‐Resolving: Doppler ambiguity resolution at low SNR
Authors: Shin Sang‐Jin , Kim Eun Hee
Published: September 2022

This study introduces a new scheme for resolving the ambiguity in a pulse‐Doppler radar. While ambiguity resolution is typically performed before tracking, the proposed approach, Track‐Before‐Resolving, is resolving ambiguity utilising tracking filters. A specific Doppler ambiguity resolution algorithm is provided for demonstrating that the Track‐Before‐Resolving method is useful. In order to resolve the ambiguity, which is equivalent to finding the ambiguity number, this algorithm investigates the maximum probability calculated in the multiple model estimation, each with a tracking filter of a different ambiguity number. Simulation shows that the proposed algorithm performs effectively, even at low SNR.
Structure and kinematics of a massive galaxy at z ∼ 7
Authors: Posses A. C. , Aravena M. , González-López J. , Assef R. J. , Lambert T. , Jones G. C. , Bouwens R. J. , Brisbin D. , Díaz-Santos T. , Herrera-Camus R. , Ricci C. , Smit R.
Published: September 2022

Context. Observations of the rest-frame UV emission of high-redshift galaxies suggest that the early stages of galaxy formation involve disturbed structures. Imaging the cold interstellar medium (ISM) can provide a unique view of the kinematics associated with the assembly of galaxies.

Aims. In this paper, we analyze the spatial distribution and kinematics of the cold ionized gas of the normal star-forming galaxy COS-2987030247 at z = 6.8076, based on new high-resolution observations of the [C II] 158 μm line emission obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA).

Methods. The analysis of these observations allowed us to: compare the spatial distribution and extension of the [C II] and rest-frame UV emission, model the [C II] line data-cube using the 3DBAROLO code, and measure the [C II] luminosity and star formation rate (SFR) surface densities in the galaxy subregions.

Results. The system is found to be composed of a main central source, a fainter north extension, and candidate [C II] companions located 10-kpc away. We find similar rest-frame UV and [C II] spatial distributions, suggesting that the [C II] emission emerges from the star-forming regions. The agreement between the UV and [C II] surface brightness radial profiles rules out diffuse, extended [C II] emission (often called a [C II] halo) in the main galaxy component. The [C II] velocity map reveals a velocity gradient in the north-south direction, suggesting ordered motion, as commonly found in rotating-disk galaxies. However, higher resolution observations would be needed to rule out a compact merger scenario. Our model indicates an almost face-on galaxy (i ∼ 20°), with a average rotational velocity of 86 ± 16 km s−1 and a low average velocity dispersion, σ < 30 km s−1. This result implies a dispersion lower than the expected value from observations and semi-analytic models of high redshift galaxies. Furthermore, our measurements indicate that COS-2987030247 and its individual regions systematically lie within the local L[CII]-SFR relationship, yet slightly below the local Σ[CII]-ΣUV relation.

Conclusions. We argue that COS-2987030247 is a candidate rotating disk experiencing a short period of stability which will possibly become perturbed at later times by accreting sources.