bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behavior of β(Mg17Al12) Phases in Mg-Al Alloy Subject to Cycling Cryogenic Treatment
Authors: Li Guirong , Wang Hong Ming , Cai Yun , Yuan Xue Ting
Published: September 2013

In Mg-Al alloy β (Mg17Al12) phase is the main precipitate and reinforced phase. The microstructure and performance of alloy are strongly dependent on the morphology and behavior of β phases. In this paper, a kind of Mg-Al alloy is chosen as the research object with 8.92 weight percent aluminum element. The alloy is subjected to cycling cryogenic treatment. The microstructure evolution and thermodynamic balance are analyzed by scanning electronic microscope and Thermo-CALC software. The results show that after two cryogenic treatments the quantity of the precipitate hardening β phase increases and the sizes of the precipitates are refined from 8~10 μm to 2~4μm. This is expected to be due to the decreased solubility of aluminum in the matrix at low temperatures and the significant plastic deformation due to internal differences in thermal contraction between phases and grains.
Preparation of Nanoparticulate YFeO3 by Microwave Method and its Load
Authors: Tang Pei Song , Jia Ling Xiang , Zhu Jun Yue , Jiang Zhen , Lin Ting Ting , Tang Chao Wan , Chen Hai Feng
Published: September 2013

Using Fe (NO3)39H2O, Y(NO3)36H2O and polyvinyl alcohol as the main raw material, the YFeO3 nanoparticles were prepared by a microwave process. The YFeO3 nanoparticles were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The results show that the perovskite structureYFeO3 can be obtained, and the resulting product has a particle size of 70 nm and an optical band gap of 2.4 eV. The recovery of YFeO3 photocatalysts was performed by the photocatalytic experiment of load YFeO3. It is found that YFeO3 nanocrystalline photocatalysts can be efficiently recovered by magnetic polymer film load.
The Application of Wooden Building Materials in Contemporary Architectural Design
Authors: Xu Zhe Min
Published: September 2013

Wood is ecological sustainable to be used as construction material.It plays an important role for green-building, reasonable resource utilization and environmental protection. Meanwhile, the wooden building has a special significance to China.Wood implicates the traditional Chinese living style and cultural essence. This article analyzed the advantage and feasibility of using wood as a construction material.Besides,it has made a detailed analysis in the application of wooden building materials in contemporary architecture. Furthermore, it has also done a case study to reveal the salient energy-saving effort of wood and eventually discussed the application prospect in China. Through all these studies, with processing and used by the modern technology, energy conservation and environmental protection characteristics, wood was established to be an important factor of contemporary architecture, and continues to promote the development of contemporary architectural culture.
Formaldehyde Gas Sensor Based on Pentacene Organic Thin-Film Transistor
Authors: Chen Yu Cheng , Zhong Jian , Zhang Lin
Published: September 2013

Formaldehyde (HCHO) gas sensors based on pentacene active layer and low cost poly (merthyl methacrylate) (PMMA) insulator were fabricated with a structure of bottom contact organic thin-film transistor (OTFT). The OTFT sensor not only presented a remarkable response characteristic in the absence and the presence of HCHO gas with different concentrations, but also exhibited a good repeatability for sensing the HCHO gas. Meanwhile, compared to the device operated in nitrogen circumstance, obvious changes in saturation drain-source current (IDS) and off-state current were observed when the device exposed to HCHO gas. Also the device performance and sensing mechanisms were discussed.
Study on Erosion Wear Property of Nickel-Chromium Cast Iron
Authors: Xie Jing Pei , Zhang Li Jun , Wang Ai Qin , Shao Xing Hai
Published: September 2013

The influences of the impact angle and the corrosive agent acidity on low-chromium and nickel contained cast iron were studied in the behavior of erosion wear. The wear rule was summarized and the mechanics of the erosion wear behavior were analyzed in this thesis. Erosion wear experiments were carried on MCF-30 erosion test machine, and then the structure and surface morphology of the samples were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the alloy carbide (Fe, Cr)3C was generated by a kind of reticulate distribution in the matrix after oil quench at 960°C and temper at 250°C. The continuous and homogeneous distribution, just like the skeleton of the material, enhanced the wear resistance. The shape of erosion wear curve was M at different impact angles. The biggest wear rate occurred at a 60-degree impact angle. The erosion wear property was greatly affected by the strong acid, but it can be ignored when pH3.
Extraction Joined with Adsorption and Catalytic Oxidation of Dibenzothiophene with Commercially Available Tungsten Carbide
Authors: Xu Ye Hai , Zhou Jian Jun , Zhou Ting , Chao Yan Hong , Yan Shan , Jiang Xin Chun , Chen Xiao Jun , Zhu Wen Shuai , Li Hua Ming
Published: September 2013

Extraction with ionic liquids joined with adsorption and catalytic oxidation composed with commercially available tungsten carbide, 30% H2O2 and 1-n-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([omim]PF6) could achieve the ultra-deep removal of dibenzothiophene (DBT) in model oil. In the case of the system increased the sulfur removal to 100% for 1h, which was remarkably superior to mere solvent extraction with IL (29.4%) or adsorption and catalytic oxidation without IL (2.0%). Especially, we found that the removal of 4,6-DMDBT could be up to 100%. The system could be recycled at least 12 times and the deep removal of DBT still could be achieved.
Size Error and Modification of V-Groove in Thermal Microimprint
Authors: Wang Hai Xiong , Li Ji Bin , Lv Yong Hu
Published: September 2013

Thermal microimprint is a promising technology for polymer microstructure, so it is used to form V-groove on the surface of optical devices. However, it is difficult to control the size accuracy of V-groove because of the elastic recovery of polymer. In order to solve the problem, the influencing factors on the polymer elastic recovery were firstly analyzed in this article. Then, it was proposed that the embossment height of mold should be modified according to the depth of V-groove and the modifier formulas should be constructed based on the theory of polymer viscoelasticity. In the end, the optimal technological parameters of thermal microimprint were obtained through the thermal imprint experiments, and the embossment height of the mold after modification was calculated according to the experimental data, and thus a new mold was produced as to verify the accuracy of the modifier formulas. The results showed that the approach of modification could not only ensure dimension accuracy of V-groove, by keeping the error within 1μm, but also shorten the imprint time, consequently the efficiency of thermal microimprint would be improved.
Study on Synthesis and Characterization of Unsaturated Polyester by Enzyme-Catalyzed
Authors: Shao Fen Juan , Yang Qun , Li Lan Ying , Lu Da Nian
Published: September 2013

Unsaturated polyester was prepared with adipic acid (AA), fumaric acid (FA), itaconic acid (IA) and 1, 6-hexanediol (HD) by enzyme-catalyzed polmerization. The insoluble gel fraction (Qs), as the cross-linking degree of cured unsaturated polyesters which could be self-cross-linked at high temperature through C=C in it, was got by Soxhlet Extraction. The properties were investigated by FT-IR, 1H NMR, DSC, XRD and so on. The results indicated that the C=C in unsaturated diacids reduced the acitvity of N435, which affected the polmerization. With the introduction of C=C of IA or FA, the Mn of polyester reduced. The C=C could self-cross-link under high temperature for lengthy time. The higher the temperature and the longer the time, the Qs increased. As the C=C of IA was in the side chain, it could move easily. Then Qs of poly (AA-co-IA-co-HD) was higher than ploy (AA-co-FA-co-HD). With the increased content of unsaturated diacid, Qs increased. And the biodegradation of cross-linked polyesters became worse.
Thermal Properties of Hyperbranched Polymer/HTPB-PU IPN
Authors: Song Xue Jing , Luo Yun Jun
Published: September 2013

Hyperbranched polymer/HTPB-PU IPNs were prepared, when HTPB (hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene) and IPDI (isophorone diisocyanate) were cured into polyurethane (HTPB-PU) at the existence of hyperbranched polymer. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was adopted to study the influence of hyperbranched polymer on thermal properties of HTPB-PU, while IPNs were formed. The result shows that the existance of hyperbranched polymer makes glass transition temperature of HTPB-PU reduces by around 2°C and that HTPB-PU lowers the melting point of hyperbranched polymer. Hyperbranched polymer plays a role of internal plasticization on HTPB-PU, and HTPB-PU influences crystallization of hyperbranched polymer in return.
Influence of BaSiO3 Doped on the Properties of BST Capacitor Ceramics
Authors: Huang Xin You , Huang Mu Sheng , Gao Chun Hua , Chen Zhi Gang
Published: September 2013

The influence of the BaSiO3 dopant on the dielectric properties of (Ba,Sr)TiO3(BST) capacitor ceramics was studied using conventional capacitor ceramics solid state method and XRD , SEM and other analytical methods. The results show that BaSiO3 doping can improve the sintering and microstructure of the capacitor ceramics. SEM study show that BaSiO3 doping can make grain grow uniformly and suppress the grain to grow up, and the structure of ceramics is compact with little pore. XRD study show that there is little SiO2 phase and little influence of BST lattice parameter when BaSiO3 doped amount is 3 mol%.The dielectric properties of BST ceramics doped with 3 mol% BaSiO3 are as follows: dielectric constant (εr) of 1792, which is a little higher than undoped BST ceramics, tanδ of 1%, which is decreased 7.24% compared with undoped BST ceramics, and the sintering temperature decreases 40°C.
Luminescence and Time-Resolved Emission Spectra of Nd3+and Er3+: Silver Zinc Borate Glasses
Authors: Coelho João , Hungerford Graham , Nandyala Sooraj Hussain
Published: September 2013

The paper reports the visible-NIR luminescence and time-resolved emission spectral profiles of Nd3+, and Er3+ doped silver zinc borate glasses. Steady state luminescence (SSL) and time-resolved emission spectroscopy (TRES) were used to evaluate how the randomness of the network can influence the emission from rare earth ions in the visible region. As expected the composition of the glasses strongly influences the emission bands of the dopant ions. The lack of homogeneity in the glass network results in distorted and broad luminescence spectra. Moreover, time-resolved techniques allowed the visualization of the time dependence of the spectra. The luminescence was also characterized using steady state techniques and the strongest NIR emission peaks were 4F3/2 à 4Il1/2 for Nd 3+ and 4I13/2 à 4Il5/2 for Er 3+ ions respectively.Key words: Time-resolved emission spectra; decay associated spectra; Nd3+ and Er3+; Silver zinc borate glasses
Spectral Features of Lead Arsenate Glasses Doped with Copper Oxide
Authors: Satyanarayana T. , Nagarjuna G. , Kiran K. Ravi
Published: September 2013

Lead arsenate glasses containing different concentrations of CuO ranging from 0 to 1.5 mol% (in steps of 0.3 mol%) were prepared by melt quenching method. Further, samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and differential scanning calorimetric analysis (DSC). A number of studies viz., optical absorption, luminescence and FTIR spectra also have been carried out on these glasses. XRD and SEM studies have confirmed that the prepared samples are of amorphous in nature. DSC results indicate the more structural degree of disorder for glass containing 1.5 mol% of CuO. From the IR spectra, it is observed that the intensity of bands due to ν1, ν2, ν3 and ν4 and vibrations of AsO3 group seems to be decreasing with shifting of the metacentres towards slightly higher wavenumber. The optical absorption and luminescence studies have indicated that copper exist in both the valence states viz., Cu+ and Cu2+. Finally the analyses of all results indicate that there will be growing degree of structural disorder with increase in the content of CuO.
Keywords: Arsenate glasses, copper oxidation, optical absorption, luminescence
The Application of Visual Evoked Potentials in Brain-Computer Interface
Authors: Nawrocka Agata , Nawrocki Marcin
Published: September 2013

The article presents the concept of a universal BCI system based on the detection of Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEP). One of the possibilities of its application involves, for example, the visual keyboard which makes it possible to enter data (alphanumeric characters) into the computer without using muscles. The first part discusses the construction and the principle of operation of BCI interfaces and next the most frequently used evoked potentials are presented. An application allowing for an analysis of the EEG signal of a person subject to effect of the photostimulator using stimuli with the frequency ranging from 1 to 40 Hz. As a result of the developed program the appropriate frequency of a stimulus in the EEG signal was detected and signalled.
LQG Control of the Smart Truss with the Piezoelectric Active Members
Authors: Grzybek Dariusz
Published: September 2013

A truss is one of the most important parts of different structures applied in several areas of the contemporary industry. One of the most often appeared problems is the undesirable truss vibration activated, for example by the wind. The limitation of the undesired vibration is possible by the increase of the truss dimensions, but it leads to the increasing of the truss mass. The other way of the vibration damping is possible by the introduction of active elements, which generate the control forces acting on selected nodes of the truss. The piezoelectric actuators can be applicable elements to generate such control forces. Special active members are designed in order to introduce the piezoelectric actuators in the truss structure. A project of the control algorithm steering such members is a difficult task, because the truss with active members is MIMO control object. This article presents the results of the simulation research of LQG control system installed in exemplary truss with one, two or three piezoelectric active members. On the basis of the conducted simulation research one can claim that LQG control system could influence the increase of the vibration damping of such piezoelectric smart truss structure, without the increase of the truss mass.
The Fractional Brownian Motion Approach to Analysis of Fractional Control System with Non-Stationary Plant
Authors: Lepiarz Wojciech
Published: September 2013

In this study a fractional Brownian motion model is used to randomize integer-and fractional-order plant parameters. The analysis of these plants in systems with integer-order PID and fractional-order PIλDδ controllers is shown. The aim of the analysis is to compare robustness of both controllers. The quality of control system is measured by integral quality parameter. The fractional Brownian motion gives much flexibility in modeling non-stationary plants, the volatility and standard deviation of fractional Brownian motion can be easily adjusted.
Development of Laboratory Model of Wind Turbine's Tower-Nacelle System with Magnetorheological Tuned Vibration Absorber
Authors: Martynowicz Paweł
Published: September 2013

The paper addresses the consecutive development stages of laboratory model of wind turbines tower-nacelle system with horizontally aligned tuned vibration absorber at its top. To cope with system uncertainties and possibly multiple modes of vibration, tuned vibration absorber is equipped with MR damper instead of passive viscous one. Several laboratory model constraints have to be fulfilled. Discrete frequency-based and Comsol-Simulink analyses were conducted to determine and verify model parameters. Finally, sketch of laboratory test rig design was presented.
Renal Leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Beardo Pastora , José Ledo Maria , Jose Luis Ruiz Campos
Published: September 2013

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a rare malignant tumor of smooth muscle origin that generally stems from soft tissues and uterine tissue. Although, a small percentage of these may originate from the smooth muscle or vessel walls, most of which are of venous origin. Renal leiomyosarcomas may arise from the smooth muscle fibers of renal pelvis, renal capsule or renal vessels, last one is the most frequent. We report a case of renal LMS that could be originated in the renal capsule.
Secondary Aneurysmal Bone Cyst following Chondroblastoma of the Patella
Authors: Tomoyuki Kato , Susa Michiro , Nakayama Robert , Watanabe Itsuo , Horiuchi Keisuke , Toyama Yoshiaki , Morioka Hideo
Published: September 2013

Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a rare benign cystic lesion of the bone that composes 1-2% of the entire bone tumors. Some are idiopathic, and some occur secondary to other tumors such as giant cell tumor and chondroblastoma. In this article, we report the clinical, radiographic, and histological findings of a secondary ABC following chondroblastoma of the patella with a review of the literature.
Faith, the postfoundational foundation of knowledge
Authors: Meylahn Johann-Albrecht
Published: September 2013

The article will focus on the role of faith in postfoundational epistemology and the extent to which our knowledge constructions are only possible in a context of faith. One inherits a language, a house of being, and this inherited language creates the world in which the various beings-of-one’s-world find their place and have meaning. It is in this inherited world-of-meaning that knowledge is constructed. Epistemology is therefore based on faith, believing in the linguistically socially created world, in the sense of believing in the world created by the silent speaking of language that creates the world-of-meaning in which one finds oneself. One unconsciously accepts this world created by language without taking into consideration the role of faith as one believes this created world to be the ‘real’ world. One takes for granted the world (worldview) into which one is born as the way things are. Life and knowledge are made possible by believing this world-of-meaning: language. In a global world where differing worlds-of-meaning come into contact with each other, faith can be disappointed and can lead to anger and violence. If one acknowledges the role of faith in one’s epistemology, doors can be opened to multidisciplinary and multicultural dialogue as a multi-faith conversation.
Is the present Brackenridgea Nature Reserve large enough to ensure the survival of Brackenridgea zanguebarica Oliv.?
Authors: Tshisikhawe Milingoni P. , Van Rooyen Magaretha W. , Gaugris Jerome Y.
Published: September 2013

The Brackenridgea Nature Reserve is a 110 ha protected area established by the provincial Limpopo Department of Economic Development, Environment and Tourism as a way of protecting the population of Brackenridgea zanguebarica, a species classified as critically endangered in South Africa. In the whole of South Africa, the species is found in only one small area around Thengwe–Mafukani in Venda. It is threatened with extirpation due to high demand for its medicinal bark. This study investigated the adequacy of the reserve to conserve the species using a method established in 2001 by Burgman et al. This method involves 12 steps to quantify the risk of the decline or possible extinction of the species and takes current human activities, disturbances and the viability of the population into consideration for setting a conservation target. From the results, it was clear that more area is needed for the current population to survive beyond 50 years. Assuming the status quo, it will require 410 ha to maintain the population, whereas a 50% reduction in human-related activities, such as cultivation, harvesting and livestock grazing, will lower the required potential habitat to 203 ha and a conservation option, which allows for bark harvesting, will require 179 ha. Conservation implications: The results of this study will have conservation implication on management of viable species population within a nature reserve. It will require managers to take into consideration the reserve size in relation to potential habitats for the development of species under their management.
Regenerative Injection Therapy with Whole Bone Marrow Aspirate for Degenerative Joint Disease: A Case Series
Authors: Hauser Ross A. , Orlofsky Amos
Published: September 2013

Regenerative therapeutic strategies for joint diseases usually employ either enriched concentrates of bone marrow-derived stem cells, chondrogenic preparations such as platelet-rich plasma, or irritant solutions such as hyperosmotic dextrose. In this case series, we describe our experience with a simple, cost-effective regenerative treatment using direct injection of unfractionated whole bone marrow (WBM) into osteoarthritic joints in combination with hyperosmotic dextrose. Seven patients with hip, knee or ankle osteoarthritis (OA) received two to seven treatments over a period of two to twelve months. Patient-reported assessments were collected in interviews and by questionnaire. All patients reported improvements with respect to pain, as well as gains in functionality and quality of life. Three patients, including two whose progress under other therapy had plateaued or reversed, achieved complete or near-complete symptomatic relief, and two additional patients achieved resumption of vigorous exercise. These preliminary findings suggest that OA treatment with WBM injection merits further investigation.
Fate of Pathologically Bound Oxygen Resulting from Inhalation of Labeled Ozone in Rats
Authors: Hatch Gary E. , Slade Ralph , McKee John
Published: September 2013

Inhaled ozone (O3) reacts chemically with respiratory tract biomolecules where it forms covalently bound oxygen adducts. We investigated the fate of these adducts following inhalation exposure of rats to labeled ozone (18O3, 2 ppm, 6 hr or 5 ppm, 2 hr). Increased 18O was detected in blood plasma at 7 hr post exposure and was continuously present in urine for 4 days. Total 18O excreted was -53% of the estimated amount of 18O3 retained by the rats during 18O3 exposure suggesting that only moderate recycling of the adduct material occurs. The time course of excretion, as well as properties of the excreted 18O were determined to provide guidance to future searches for urinary oxidative stress markers. These results lend plausibility to published findings that O3 inhalation could exert influences outside the lung, such as enhancement of atherosclerotic plaques.
Effects of a commercial blend of essential oils and monensin in a high-grain diet containing wheat distillers’ grains on in vitro fermentation
Authors: Li Y. L. , Li C. , Beauchemin K. A. , Yang W. Z.
Published: September 2013

Li, Y. L., Li, C., Beauchemin, K. A. and Yang, W. Z. 2013. Effects of a commercial blend of essential oils and monensin in a high-grain diet containing wheat distillers’ grains on in vitro fermentation. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 387–398. Our objective was to evaluate in vitro effects of a commercial blend of essential oils (BEO) versus monensin (MON) on fermentation of a high-grain diet containing wheat distillers’ dried grains with solubles (DDGS). Two experiments were conducted. The first experiment was designed as a short-term batch culture to determine the optimum dose of BEO (0, 45, 90 or 180 mg kg−1DM) on fermentation variables. The second experiment was a completely randomized block design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments using the rumen simulation technique. A high-grain dietary substrate containing wheat DDGS was supplemented with 0 or 28 mg MON kg−1DM combined with 0 and 90 mg BEO kg−1DM. Monensin did not affect the total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration or the molar proportions of individual VFA, but reduced CH4production (mL L−1gas; P=0.01) and disappearance of DM (P=0.04). Supplementation of BEO did not affect VFA concentration, but decreased (P=0.01) the molar proportion of acetate and reduced (P=0.02) the acetate to propionate concentration ratio and CH4production (mL g−1digested organic matter). The BEO increased (P=0.01) disappearance of neutral detergent fiber without affecting disappearance of other nutrients. These results indicate that supplementation of high-grain dietary substrate containing wheat DDGS with BEO improved fermentation pattern by increasing propionate concentration, reducing CH4production, and increasing fiber digestibility. This commercial BEO could be a potential substitute for MON for beef cattle fed high-grain diets containing DDGS.
Formative Research on Hygiene Behaviors and Geophagy among Infants and Young Children and Implications of Exposure to Fecal Bacteria
Authors: Ngure Francis M. , Humphrey Jean H. , Mbuya Mduduzi N. N. , Majo Florence , Mutasa Kuda , Govha Margaret , Mazarura Exevia , Chasekwa Bernard , Prendergast Andrew J. , Curtis Valerie , Boor Kathyrn J. , Stoltzfus Rebecca J.
Published: September 2013

We conducted direct observation of 23 caregiver–infant pairs for 130 hours and recorded wash-related behaviors to identify pathways of fecal–oral transmission of bacteria among infants. In addition to testing fingers, food, and drinking water of infants, three infants actively ingested 11.3 ± 9.2 (mean ± SD) handfuls of soil and two ingested chicken feces 2 ± 1.4 times in 6 hours. Hand washing with soap was not common and drinking water was contaminated with Escherichia coli in half (12 of 22) of the households. A one-year-old infant ingesting 1 gram of chicken feces in a day and 20 grams of soil from a laundry area of the kitchen yard would consume 4,700,000–23,000,000 and 440–4,240 E. coli, respectively, from these sources. Besides standard wash and nutrition interventions, infants in low-income communities should be protected from exploratory ingestion of chicken feces, soil, and geophagia for optimal child health and growth.
The Association between Latrine Use and Trachoma: A Secondary Cohort Analysis from a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Haile Meron , Tadesse Zerihun , Gebreselassie Sintayehu , Ayele Berhan , Gebre Teshome , Yu Sun N. , Stoller Nicole E. , Gaynor Bruce D. , Porco Travis C. , Emerson Paul M. , Lietman Thomas M. , Keenan Jeremy D.
Published: September 2013

Latrine use has been promoted as a component of an integrated strategy for trachoma control. As part of a randomized trial in Ethiopia, 12 communities received a mass azithromycin distribution followed by a latrine promotion intervention. A random sample of children ages 0–9 years in each community was monitored longitudinally for ocular chlamydia. After latrine construction ended, those communities with a higher proportion of households using latrines were more likely to experience a reduction in the prevalence of ocular chlamydia. Specifically, for each 10% increase in latrine use, there was a 2.0% decrease (95% confidence interval = 0.2–3.9% decrease) in the community prevalence of ocular chlamydia over the subsequent year (P = 0.04).
Investigation of the in vitro Gender-Specific Partitioning of Mefloquine in Malarial Infected Red Blood Cells and Plasma
Authors: Seethorn Nongluk , Wernsdorfer Walther H. , Noedl Harald , Karbwang Juntra , Na-Bangchang Kesara
Published: September 2013

The investigation of gender-specific partitioning of the antimalarial drug mefloquine to cellular and fluid blood compartments was performed using blood collected from a female and male healthy subject that were infected with Plasmodium falciparum PCM2 clone and spiked with mefloquine (0.25, 1, and 5 μM). Mefloquine concentrations in red cells of both female and male subjects were significantly higher than plasma, which suggests an intensive uptake by red cells. This was supported by a high ratio of mefloquine concentrations in the parasitized and non-parasitized red cells of about 4-fold. Gender-specific partitioning of mefloquine in parasitized blood was seen only in plasma where significantly higher concentrations were observed in female compared with male plasma. Down-adjusting the therapeutic dose of mefloquine in female patients with malaria is not advisable because mefloquine concentrations in the target cellular compartment are similar in both genders.
An improved parameterization of tidal mixing for ocean models
Authors: Schmittner A. , Egbert G. D.
Published: September 2013

Abstract. Two modifications to an existing scheme of tidal mixing are implemented in the coarse resolution ocean component of a global climate model. First, the vertical distribution of energy flux out of the barotropic tide is determined using high resolution bathymetry. This shifts the levels of mixing higher up in the water column and leads to a stronger mid-depth meridional overturning circulation in the model. Second, the local dissipation efficiency for diurnal tides is assumed to be larger than that for the semi-diurnal tides poleward of 30°. Both modifications are shown to improve agreement with observational estimates of diapycnal diffusivities based on microstructure measurements and circulation indices. We also assess impacts of different spatial distribution of the barotropic energy loss. Estimates based on satellite altimetry lead to larger diffusivities in the deep ocean and hence a stronger deep overturning circulation in our climate model that is in better agreement with observations compared to those based on a tidal model.
Spatial and temporal patterns of recent and future climate extremes in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East region
Authors: Kostopoulou E. , Giannakopoulos C. , Hatzaki M. , Karali A. , Hadjinicolaou P. , Lelieveld J. , Lange M. A.
Published: September 2013

Abstract. Recent and future changes in temperature and precipitation climate extremes are estimated using the Hadley Centre PRECIS climate model for the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East region. The area of interest is considered vulnerable to extreme climate events as there is evidence for a temperature rise while precipitation tends to decline, suggesting likely effects on vital socioeconomic sectors in the region. Observations have been obtained for the recent period (1961–1990) and used to evaluate the model output. The spatial distribution of recent temporal trends in temperature indicates strong increasing in minimum temperature over the eastern Balkan Peninsula, Turkey and the Arabian Peninsula. The rate of warming reaches 0.4–0.5 °C decade−1 in a large part of the domain, while warming is expected to be strongest in summer (0.6–0.7 °C decade−1) in the E-Balkans and W-Turkey. The trends in annual and summer maximum temperature are estimated at approximately 0.5 and 0.6 °C decade−1. Recent estimates do not indicate statistically significant trends in precipitation except for individual sub-regions. Results indicate a future warming trend for the study area over the last 30 yr of the 21st century. Trends are estimated to be positive and statistically significant in nearly the entire region. The annual trend patterns for both minimum and maximum temperature show warming rates of approximately 0.4–0.6 °C decade−1, with pronounced warming over the Middle Eastern countries. Summer temperatures reveal a gradual warming (0.5–0.9 °C decade−1) over much of the region. The model projects drying trends by 5–30% in annual precipitation towards the end of the 21st century, with the number of wet days decreasing at the rate of 10–30 days yr−1, while heavy precipitation is likely to decrease in the high-elevation areas by 15 days yr−1.
Synthesis of 4-Aminocoumarin Derivatives with N-Substitutents Containing Hydroxy or Amino Groups
Authors: Ivanov Ivo C. , Angelova Violina T. , Vassilev Nikolay , Tiritiris Ioannis , Iliev Boyan
Published: September 2013

Reactions of 4-hydroxycoumarin (1a) and 4-chlorocoumarin-3-carbaldehyde (1b) with amino alcohols or alkylene diamines led to the formation of the corresponding N-substituted 4-aminocoumarins 3, 5 and 6. However, 4-hydroxycoumarin-3-carbaldehyde (8) reacted with 2-aminoethanol and ethylenediamine to give N-substituted 3-(aminomethylene)-chromane-2,4-diones 9a, b. The structure and the E-configuration of compound 6 were proven by X-ray crystal structure analysis. Products 9a, b displayed signals of both E- and Z-isomers in their NMR spectra. All novel products have been characterized by means of spectral (IR, NMR, MS) data and elemental analyses
Heterocycles [f]-Fused onto Quinolones. Synthesis of Novel Dioxo-Nethylpyrano[ 2,3-f ]- and [3,2-f ]quinoline-10-carboxylic Acids
Authors: Habashneh Almeqdad Y. , El-Abadelah Mustafa M. , Mubarak Mohammad S. , Voelter Wolfgang
Published: September 2013

A model N-ethyl-1,10-dioxo-3-phenylpyrano[3,2- f ]quinoline-9-carboxylic acid (8) and the isomeric (2-substituted) pyrano[2,3- f ]quinoline-9-carboxylic acids (6 and 7) were prepared from the corresponding 6/7-aminochromen-4-ones via the Gould-Jacobs reaction. The new tricyclic heterocycles 6-8 exhibit moderate antibacterial activity (MIC=16 - 64 μgmL-1) against E. coli and S. aureus
High-pressure Synthesis and Characterization of the Rare-earth Fluoride Borate LaB2O4F
Authors: Hinteregger Ernst , Kocsis Krisztina , Hofer Thomas S. , Heymann Gunter , Perfler Lukas , Huppertz Hubert
Published: September 2013

The rare-earth fluoride borate LaB2O4F was synthesized under high-pressure=high-temperature conditions of 1.1 GPa and 1300 °C in a Walker-type multianvil apparatus from lanthanum oxide, lanthanum fluoride, and boron oxide. The single-crystal structure determination revealed that LaB2O4F is isotypic to CeB2O4F. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca (no. 61) with eight formula units and the lattice parameters a = 8.2493(9), b = 12.6464(6), c = 7.3301(5) Å , V = 764.7(2) Å3, R1 = 0.0354, and wR2 = 0.0474 (all data). The structure exhibits a 9+1 coordinated lanthanum cation, one threefold coordinated fluoride ion and a chain of corner-sharing [BO3]3- groups. In addition to the IR- and Raman-spectroscopic investigations, DFT calculations were performed to support the assignment of the vibrational bands
Systematic review of the evidence for Trails B cut-off scores in assessing fitness-to-drive
Authors: Roy Mononita , Molnar Frank
Published: September 2013

BackgroundFitness-to-drive guidelines recommend employing the Trail Making B Test (a.k.a. Trails B), but do not provide guidance regarding cut-off scores. There is ongoing debate regarding the optimal cut-off score on the Trails B test. The objective of this study was to address this controversy by systematically reviewing the evidence for specific Trails B cut-off scores (e.g., cut-offs in both time to completion and number of errors) with respect to fitness-to-drive.MethodsSystematic review of all prospective cohort, retrospective cohort, case-control, correlation, and cross-sectional studies reporting the ability of the Trails B to predict driving safety that were published in English-language, peer-reviewed journals.ResultsForty-seven articles were reviewed. None of the articles justified sample sizes via formal calculations. Cut-off scores reported based on research include: 90 seconds, 133 seconds, 147 seconds, 180 seconds, and < 3 errors.ConclusionsThere is support for the previously published Trails B cut-offs of 3 minutes or 3 errors (the ‘3 or 3 rule’). Major methodological limitations of this body of research were uncovered including (1) lack of justification of sample size leaving studies open to Type II error (i.e., false negative findings), and (2) excessive focus on associations rather than clinically useful cut-off scores.
Corrigendum: The Practice of Geriatrics: Specialized Geriatric Programs and Home Visits
Authors: Hogan David B.
Published: September 2013

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Poder normativo do Conselho Nacional de Justiça: limites constitucionais
Authors: Cruz Hirlidan Luce Tainá Santos , Martins Erlon Leal
Published: September 2013

Atendendo ao reclame social de celeridade e transparência no Judiciário, promoveu-se um despertar de uma nova ordem constitucional, decorrente da introdução da Emenda Constitucional 45/2004. Perspectivas diversas surgiram dessa nova realidade constitucional, destacando-se, entre elas, o Conselho Nacional de Justiça. Diversas discussões surgiram a respeito da constitucionalidade do CNJ, desde o procedimento legislativo que lhe deu origem à ofensa ao princípio federativo, que é constitucionalmente consagrado. Submetida a Emenda Constitucional 45/2004 ao crivo da Excelsa Corte, restou patenteada a constitucionalidade do Conselho. Entretanto, nem todas as questões ficaram respondidas à luz da Carta-cidadã, qual seja, o Poder normativo de tal Órgão do Judiciário e seus limites. A temática do presente artigo versa sobre a análise acerca da possibilidade de emissão de atos de caráter geral e abstrato pelo Conselho Nacional de Justiça, no atual Estado Democrático de Direito. Comparações com outras forças normativas são imprescindíveis para traçar limites ao poder normativo do CNJ. Daí, a discussão e delineamento de limites para a expedição de atos regulamentares, sem substituir a vontade geral a ser expressada pelo legislador.
Fundamentos dos direitos humanos: dialética da recusa e aceitação dos direitos do homem
Authors: Melo Celso Eduardo Santos de
Published: September 2013

Discorrer sobre Direitos Humanos hoje é assumir uma prerrogativa de direitos fundamentais e individuais onde prevalece o conceito de dignidade humana. Neste sentido, pode-se afirmar que estes direitos têm o escopo necessário de assegurar a todos os seres humanos os direitos que lhe são imanentes, inalienáveis e indisponíveis. Direitos estes que estão presentes e existem simplesmente porque o homem é homem, membro da raça humana, sem exigir qualquer contraprestação. O presente trabalho vai tratá-los desta forma e também verificar as polêmicas acerca destes direitos no que concerne às críticas de tais direitos por famosos teóricos desde seu surgimento como uma das bandeiras do Estado de Direito. As reflexões serão apresentadas como resultado dos estudos feitos nos aspectos conceituais das obras de Burke, Marx, Villey, D´Hondt, Lefort e Agamben, em seus apontamentos críticos e polêmicos, para uma proposta de repensar os Direitos do Homem. A mudança é válida à medida que estes direitos tornaram-se importante matriz para implementar políticas publicas e o fazer político, bem como outros desdobramentos. O presente trabalho seguirá a via crítica, mas apontará para a necessidade de se implementar o que se entende por direitos humanos; mais precisamente, o que Bobbio reacende sobre a tutela desses direitos: a efetividade e a eficácia.
Avaliação dos impactos ambientais do desflorestamento sobre o regime hídrico da região metropolitana de Petrópolis (RJ)
Authors: Almeida Josimar Ribeiro de , Silva Carlos Eduardo , Rodrigues Manoel Gonçalves
Published: September 2013

A vegetação tem estreita relação com os processos do ciclo hidrológico, modificando-as em função das condições em que se encontre. A vegetação regula o ciclo hidrológico fazendo com que a água percorra as diversas fases do mesmo, de forma adequada a possibilitar a estabilidade do processo. A vegetação retém grande parcela da água precipitada, libertando-a, aos poucos, para os cursos d’água e reservatórios superficiais e subterrâneos. Neste trabalho, foi analisado o impacto do desflorestamento sobre o regime hídrico da Cidade de Petrópolis. Os resultados mostram que a redução da área de cobertura vegetal provocou aumentos das vazões anuais. A redução de 58% da cobertura vegetal para 39% provocou um acréscimo na vazão média de 60%. Isto implicou no aumento do índice de escoamento de 0.29 para 0.50. Mudanças são, igualmente, verificadas com relação às vazões mínimas e máximas médias anuais. No primeiro caso, teve-se um acréscimo de 86,3% e, no segundo caso, a vazão máxima média anual foi aumentada em 49,9%.
Estudo da Reestruturação do Arranjo Físico em uma Indústria Alimentícia do segmento de biscoitos artesanais em Maceió, Brasil
Authors: Alves Francisco José Bordalo Padrão , Aquino Paulo Vitor Barros de , Silva Luís Henrique Ferreira
Published: September 2013

Este estudo avalia o que a literatura preconiza a cerca de um arranjo físico, buscando a otimização dos sistemas industriais e demonstrando os diferentes tipos de layout, a adequação dos recursos transformadores e a melhoria do tempo em função da movimentação de pessoal. O estudo de caso demonstra contribuições para a melhoria de uma fábrica de biscoitos sejam elas: - A decisão de mudança do arranjo físico e a escolha do tipo de layout adequado; - A organização dos produtos transformados e transformadores; - A mudança na movimentação do pessoal dentro da fábrica, durante a produção e durante o processo de embalagem e estocagem.
Analyse féministe du syndrome postavortement : la déconstruction d’un mythe véhiculé par le mouvement pro-vie
Authors: Côté Isabelle
Published: September 2013

Plusieurs groupes pro-vie soutiennent l’idée que les femmes interrompant une grossesse sont à risque de développer le syndrome postavortement. Or, même si ce syndrome n’a jamais été reconnu officiellement dans le domaine médical, il semble constituer une arme efficace utilisée par le mouvement pro-vie pour décourager les femmes de recourir à un avortement. S’inspirant d’une perspective féministe, cet article examine cinq difficultés pouvant avoir une incidence sur le bien-être des femmes qui interrompent une grossesse : les impacts d’une grossesse non désirée; l’oppression religieuse et patriarcale; les facteurs socio-économiques; les violences envers les femmes; et l’influence négative du mouvement pro-vie. Des pistes d’interventions pertinentes au champ du service social sont proposées.
L’intégration des jeunes peu qualifiés dans une entreprise d’économie sociale : travailler autrement ?
Authors: Champagne Amélie , Malenfant Romaine , Bellemare Guy , Briand Louise
Published: September 2013

Plusieurs publications, ces dernières décennies, s’intéressent aux difficultés importantes qui accompagnent l’insertion professionnelle des jeunes. En effet, il appert que les difficultés d’insertion dans le secteur privé soient importantes, notamment pour les jeunes sans diplôme et possédant peu ou pas d’expérience du marché du travail. Mais qu’en est-il en ce qui concerne le secteur de l’économie socialeƒ? Les valeurs et les objectifs de développement de ces entreprises favoriseraient-ils une expérience d’intégration au marché du travail positive pour les jeunes peu scolarisés? Le présent article se centre sur les pratiques de gestion de la main-d’oeuvre jeune du point de vue de ces derniers et de celui de leurs employeurs. Deux recherches sont mises en dialogue afin de préciser et de comparer les dimensions qui exercent un rôle significatif dans la consolidation ou la rupture du lien d’emploi des jeunes. Le paradigme du don est également mobilisé dans l’analyse des rapports sociaux qui semblent caractériser les entreprises d’économie sociale.
Introducing Nanotechnology into the Thermal and Fluids Curricula: Pool Boiling Heat Transfer in Nanofluids
Authors: Sano Wataru , Szabo Zsuzsanna , Borca-Tasciuc Diana-Andra , Borca-Tasciuc Theodorian
Published: September 2013

Nanotechnology has generated a large amount of interest in recent years, especially among engineering educators. Our institution continues to be among the leading universities to offer undergraduate courses that involve students in experiential learning of nanoscience topics. This paper describes a new thermo-fluids laboratory module where engineering students undertake problem-based experiments with nanofluids. The equipment, process and student work and feedback for the laboratory module are presented.
Linear-Graph Modeling Paradigms for Mechatronic Systems
Authors: de Silva Clarence W.
Published: September 2013

Concepts of mechatronics are applicable to complex and multi-domain dynamic systems. Proper modeling of such systems can benefit analysis, simulation, design and control of these systems. The linear-graph (LG) approach is particularly suitable in mechatronic modeling because it presents a unified way to represent different domains and also provides a direct correspondence to the topology of the physical components of a system. This paper presents some useful concepts of graph trees and generalized equivalent circuits as applied to LGs, which can facilitate modeling of mechatronic systems. The significance and application of the presented paradigms of modeling are indicated using examples. These paradigms have been integrated into both an undergraduate course and a postgraduate course on the modeling of dynamic systems. Students have appreciated this integrated and systematic approach to modeling of multi-domain (mechatronic) systems.
NUTRIGENOMIKA – ZNAČAJ HRANE ZA ZDRAVLJE ČOVJEKA
Authors: Milojčić Kristina , Ristić Mihajlo
Published: September 2013

Budućnost nauke o prehrani karakteriše razvoj nove naučne discipline koja povezuje našu ishranu i gene. Nova nauka koja izučava efekte bioaktivnih komponenti hrane koju jedemo na funkcionisanje naših gena, odnosno na DNK naziva se nutrigenomika. Najveći uticaj na razvoj naučnih saznanja iz ove oblasti donijelo je otkriće da su mnoge hronične bolesti uzrokovane neusklađenom ishranom, ali i da mijenjajući prehrambene navike možemo spriječiti pojavu nekih bolesti. Struktura naših gena određuje na koji način će naš organizam odreagovati na unošenje konkretne namirnice. Naučnici u novije vrijeme ističu da je potrebno personalizovati ishranu, jer ono što je dobro jednome ne mora biti dobro drugome čovjeku, svaki pojedinac različit je za sebe. Ovakav način ishrane je opšti svjetski trend, jer je dosadašnja praksa pokazala da personalna hrana može smanjiti rizik od geneze kancera, hroničnih srčanih oboljenja, nervnih oboljenja i dr. Vjeruje se da će se pravilnom ishranom i prihvatanjem zdravog načina života spriječiti pojava brojnih oboljenja.
Computer‐aided design of tailor‐made ionic liquids
Authors: Karunanithi Arunprakash T. , Mehrkesh Amirhossein
Published: September 2013

Ionic liquids (IL), with their negligible vapor pressure, have the potential to replace volatile organic solvents in several processes. They also exhibit other unique characteristics, such as high thermal stability, wide liquid range, and wide electrochemical window, which make them attractive for many important applications. In addition, millions of ILs can be formed through different combination of cations, anions, and other functional groups. Till now, majority of work on IL selection, for a given application, is guided by trial and error experimentation. In this article, we present a computer‐aided IL design framework, based on semiempirical structure‐property models and optimization methods, which can consider several IL candidates and design optimal structures for a given application. This powerful methodology has great potential to act as a knowledge‐based framework to aid synthetic chemists and engineers develop new ILs. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 4627–4640, 2013