bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deciphering the active constituents of Dabushen decoction of ameliorating osteoarthritis via PPARγ preservation by targeting DNMT1
Authors: Qiu Lu , Zhang Min , Li Chenghao , Hou Yehu , Liu Hao , Lin Jia , Yao Juan , Duan Dong Zhu , Zhang Yi Xi , Li Mi , Li Ya Ling , Wang Peng , Li Jin Tian , Jin Xiao Jie , Liu Yong Qi
Published: November 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial and chronic degenerative joint disease. Due to the adverse effects of currently used drugs, a safer and more effective therapy for treating OA is needed. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is a key protein protecting cartilage. DNMT1-mediated hypermethylation of PPARγ promoter leads to its suppression. Therefore, DNMT1 might be an effective target for exerting cartilage protective effects by regulating the epigenetic expression of PPARγ. Dabushen decoction (DD) is a representative prescription of Dunhuang ancient medical prescription, which has a potential therapeutic effect on OA. So far, the research of the efficacy and material basis of DD in the treatment of OA remains unclear. In this study, Micro-CT, HE staining, S-O staining, and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to demonstrate that DD increased the expression of PPARγ and collagen synthesis in an OA rat model. Next, the structure of DNMT1 was used to screen the active constituents of DD by molecular docking method for treatment OA. Seven potential active constituents, including isoliquiritigenin, emodin, taxifolin, catalpol, alisol A, zingerone, and schisandrin C were hited. The protective effect of the potential active constituents to chondrocytes were evaluated by protein capillary electrophoresis, immunofluorescence assays, and ex vivo culture of rat knee cartilage. The five constituents, such as alisol A, emodin, taxifolin, isoliquiritigenin, and schisandrin C could promote the expression of PPARγ and ameliorate IL-1β-induced downregulation of collagen II and the production of MMP-13. Alisol A and Emodin could effectively mitigate cartilage damage. At last, molecular dynamics simulations with MM-GBSA method was applied to investigate the interaction pattern of the active constituents and DNMT1 complexes. The five constituents, such as alisol A, emodin, taxifolin, isoliquiritigenin, and schisandrin C achieved a stable binding pattern with DNMT1, in which alisol A has a relatively high binding free energy. In conclusion, this study elucidates that the active constituents of DD (alisol A, emodin, taxifolin, isoliquiritigenin, and schisandrin C) could ameliorate osteoarthritis via PPARγ preservation by targeting DNMT1.These findings facilitated clinical use of DD and provided a valuable strategy for developing natural epigenetic modulators from Chinese herbal formula.
In the sea slug Melibe leonina the posterior nerves communicate stomach distention to inhibit feeding and modify oral hood movements
Authors: Lee Colin Anthony , Watson Winsor Hays
Published: November 2022

The sea slug Melibe leonina is an excellent model system for the study of the neural basis of satiation, and previous studies have demonstrated that stomach distention attenuates feeding. Here we expanded on this work by examining the pathway communicating stomach distention to the central nervous system and the effects of distention on motor output. We found that the posterior nerves (PN), which extend posteriorly from the buccal ganglia and innervate the stomach, communicate stomach distention in Melibe. PN lesions led to increased feeding duration and food consumption, and PN activity increased in response to stomach distention. Additionally, the percentage of incomplete feeding movements increased with satiation, and PN stimulation had a similar impact in the nerves that innervate the oral hood. These incomplete movements may be functionally similar to the egestive, food rejecting motions seen in other gastropods and enable Melibe to remain responsive to food, yet adjust their behavior as they become satiated. Such flexibility would not be possible if the entire feeding network were inhibited.
Inter-individual responses of post-exercise hypotension in older adults with hypertension: An exploratory analysis of different exercise modalities
Authors: Carpes Leandro O. , Domingues Lucas B. , Bertoletti Otávio , Fuchs Sandra C. , Ferrari Rodrigo
Published: November 2022

Background: Various physical exercise modalities can acutely reduce blood pressure (BP). However, not all individuals respond similarly after an exercise session.

Purpose: To measure inter-individual variations in 24-h BP after a single bout of various exercise modalities in older adults with hypertension.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data from participants with hypertension (≥60 years) previously included in three randomized controlled trials on this topic. BP was assessed using ambulatory BP monitoring. We compared the mean changes in total 24-h, daytime, and nighttime BP after aerobic (AE, n = 19), combined (COMB, n = 19), resistance (RES, n = 23), and isometric handgrip (ISO, n = 18) exercise sessions to a non-exercising control session (C). The minimum detectable changes to classify the participant as a “Responder” for the corresponding exercise protocol were 4 and 2 mmHg for systolic and diastolic BP, respectively.

Results: The prevalence of Responders for systolic BP was as follows: AE 24-h: 37%, daytime: 47% and nighttime: 37%; COMB 24-h: 26%, daytime: 21% and nighttime: 32%; RES 24-h: 26%, daytime: 26% and nighttime: 35%; and ISO 24-h: 22%, daytime: 22% and nighttime: 39%. For diastolic BP, the prevalence of Responders was as follows: AE 24-h: 53%, daytime: 53% and nighttime: 31%; COMB 24-h: 26%, daytime: 26% and nighttime: 31%; RES 24-h: 35%, daytime: 22% and nighttime: 52%; and ISO 24-h: 44%, daytime: 33% and nighttime: 33%.

Conclusion: There was a high inter-individual variation of BP after a single bout of various exercises in older adults. Responders had higher BP values on the control day without exercise. Various exercise modalities might acutely reduce 24-h BP in older adults with hypertension.
Skin Displacement as fascia tissue manipulation at the lower back affects instantaneously the flexion-and extension spine, pelvis, and hip range of motion
Authors: van Amstel Robbert N. , Jaspers Richard T. , Pool-Goudzwaard Annelies L.
Published: November 2022

Low back pain (LBP), associated with spine, pelvis, and hip mobility impairments can be caused by tight muscle contractions, to protect sensitized lumbar fasciae. Fascia tissue manipulations are used to treat lumbar fascia in LBP. The effect of fascia tissue manipulations through lumbodorsal skin displacement (SKD) on mobility is inconclusive likely depending on the location and displacement direction of the manipulation. This study aimed to assess whether lumbodorsal SKD affects the flexion -and extension range of motion (ROM), in healthy subjects. Furthermore, we aimed to test the effect of SKD at different locations and directions. Finally, to assess intertester and intratester reliability of SKD. Effects of SKD were tested in a motion capture, single-blinded, longitudinal, experimental study. Sixty-three subjects were randomly assigned to SKD- or sham group. SKD group was subjected to either mediolateral directed SKD during flexion or extension movement, versus a sham. The thoracic, lumbar, and hip angles and finger floor distance were measured to assess the change in ROM. Statistics indicated that the effect size in instantaneously change of flexion -and extension ROM by SKD was large (Effect size: flexion η2p = 0.12–0.90; extension η2p = 0.29–0.42). No significant effect was present in the sham condition. Flexion ROM decreased whereas the extension ROM increased, depending on SKD location- and displacement direction (p < 0.05). The ICC indicates a good intertester and intratester reliability (resp. ICC3,k = 0.81–0.93; ICC3,1 = 0.70–0.84). Lumbodorsal SKD affects the flexion- and extension spine, pelvis, and hip range of motion. The effects of SKD are direction- and location dependent as well as movement (flexion/extension) specific. Lumbodorsal SKD during flexion and extension may be useful to determine whether or not a patient would benefit from fascia tissue manipulations. Further research is required to obtain insight into the mechanisms via which the SKD affects ROM and muscle activation, in healthy, asymptomatic-LBP, and LBP subjects.
USDA’s revised biotechnology regulation’s contribution to increasing agricultural sustainability and responding to climate change
Authors: Hoffman Neil E.
Published: November 2022

Biotechnology can provide a valuable tool to meet UN Sustainable Development Goals and U.S. initiatives to find climate solutions and improve agricultural sustainability. The literature contains hundreds of examples of crops that may serve this purpose, yet most remain un-launched due to high regulatory barriers. Recently the USDA revised its biotechnology regulations to make them more risk-proportionate, science-based, and streamlined. Here, we review some of the promising leads that may enable agriculture to contribute to UN sustainability goals. We further describe and discuss how the revised biotechnology regulation would hypothetically apply to these cases.
Combined physiological and metabolomic analysis reveals the effects of different biostimulants on maize production and reproduction
Authors: Li Bingyan , Song Dali , Guo Tengfei , Xu Xinpeng , Ai Chao , Zhou Wei
Published: November 2022

Plant biostimulants (PBs) are a potential strategy to improve crop growth and grain quality. In the present study, 100 mg/L trehalose, chitosan, humic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid treatments were applied to analyze the effects of maize production and reproductive characteristics. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and grain quality were significantly affected by the PBs, but not yield. The seed germination rate of all PB treatments was significantly reduced, but the drought resistance of progeny seedlings was significantly improved, with humic acid having the strongest effect. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analysis indicated that the disruption of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, probably due to the blockage of intermediate anabolism, reduced the supply of energy and nutrients in the early stages of germination, thus inhibiting seed germination, while the increased resistance of the offspring seedlings may be due to the up-regulation of the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and alkaloids by humic acid treatment. This study revealed the similarity and heterogeneity of the effects of different PBs on nutrient accumulation, yield characteristics and grain quality of maize, providing guidance for the application of PBs in intensive and sustainable agricultural production.
Assessment of the vegetation sensitivity index in alpine meadows with a high coverage and toxic weed invasion under grazing disturbance
Authors: Hu Yi , Gou Xiaowei , Tsunekawa Atsushi , Cheng Yunxiang , Hou Fujiang
Published: November 2022

Maintaining healthy ecosystems is essential to ensure sustainable socio-economic development. Studies combining remote sensing data with grassland health assessments, extensively performed at different scales, are important for monitoring grassland health from a spatiotemporal perspective to enable scientific grazing management. However, most studies only use quantitative grassland degradation indices, such as grassland cover; this is done despite the fact that some degraded grasslands maintain a high level of cover solely by virtue of the proliferation of toxic weeds. Thus, seeking indices that are a more accurate representation of the health status of grassland vegetation is of utmost importance. Therefore, in order to accurately characterize the ecological integrity of grasslands (i.e., while limiting the impact of confounding variables such as weeds), we chose the grassland health comprehensive evaluation index VOR (vigor, organization, and resilience) to assess the health of grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau. We applied the VOR evaluation indices to two rangelands with different grazing intensity on the Tibetan Plateau, and extracted 11 commonly used vegetation indices based on remote sensing images of rangelands,then modeled them with the data from field surveys. Our results show that the FVC, PS, and VOR were higher in lightly grazed pastures than in heavily grazed pastures in the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. At the beginning of the sampling period, Poaceae accounted for a greater proportion in the HG pasture. However, by August 2018, the proportion of Poaceae in the LG pasture exceeded that in the HG pasture. the proportion of Forbs in the HG pasture was significantly greater than that in the LG pasture. This indicates that vegetation response to grazing disturbance is not only a volume reduction but also a vegetation composition change. The ratio vegetation index was the most sensitive to the vegetation health response, enabling the quantification and prediction of regional vegetation health and objectively reflecting the actual condition of the grassland ecosystem. According to a multiple regression analysis, the main climatic limiting factor in the region is precipitation, which positively correlated with VOR; whereas, grazing disturbance is an important driving factor, and it is inversely correlated with VOR.
Does filter-aided sample preparation provide sufficient method linearity for quantitative plant shotgun proteomics?
Authors: Leonova Tatiana , Ihling Christian , Saoud Mohamad , Frolova Nadezhda , Rennert Robert , Wessjohann Ludger A. , Frolov Andrej
Published: November 2022

Due to its outstanding throughput and analytical resolution, gel-free LC-based shotgun proteomics represents the gold standard of proteome analysis. Thereby, the efficiency of sample preparation dramatically affects the correctness and reliability of protein quantification. Thus, the steps of protein isolation, solubilization, and proteolysis represent the principal bottleneck of shotgun proteomics. The desired performance of the sample preparation protocols can be achieved by the application of detergents. However, these compounds ultimately compromise reverse-phase chromatographic separation and disrupt electrospray ionization. Filter-aided sample preparation (FASP) represents an elegant approach to overcome these limitations. Although this method is comprehensively validated for cell proteomics, its applicability to plants and compatibility with plant-specific protein isolation protocols remain to be confirmed. Thereby, the most important gap is the absence of the data on the linearity of underlying protein quantification methods for plant matrices. To fill this gap, we address here the potential of FASP in combination with two protein isolation protocols for quantitative analysis of pea (Pisum sativum) seed and Arabidopsis thaliana leaf proteomes by the shotgun approach. For this aim, in comprehensive spiking experiments with bovine serum albumin (BSA), we evaluated the linear dynamic range (LDR) of protein quantification in the presence of plant matrices. Furthermore, we addressed the interference of two different plant matrices in quantitative experiments, accomplished with two alternative sample preparation workflows in comparison to conventional FASP-based digestion of cell lysates, considered here as a reference. The spiking experiments revealed high sensitivities (LODs of up to 4 fmol) for spiked BSA and LDRs of at least 0.6 × 102. Thereby, phenol extraction yielded slightly better recoveries, whereas the detergent-based method showed better linearity. Thus, our results indicate the very good applicability of FASP to quantitative plant proteomics with only limited impact of the protein isolation technique on the method’s overall performance.
The implicit and explicit attitudes of Chinese university students towards genetic modification
Authors: Zhang Wanyu , Zou Jilin , Yue Tong
Published: November 2022

Genetic modification (GM) technology is a technology that changes the characteristics of species through changing the genes of species. Public attitudes toward GM technology have an important impact on the technology’s development. Previous surveys conducted in China used to assess public attitudes toward GM have mostly focused on the explicit level, which is recognized and acknowledged through the self-report method. However, the corresponding research on the implicit level is still lacking, which is unconscious and automated. The public attitudes toward the complete concept of GM are still unclear. In order to fill this gap, this study uses a questionnaire survey (Study 1), and interaction verification of the SC-IAT paradigm and the GNAT paradigm (Study 2) to investigate the explicit and implicit attitudes of Chinese university students towards GM. The role of education level is also examined in this study. The results show that the explicit attitudes of Chinese university students towards GM are generally positive, and the main effect of education level is significant. Finally, the mediating effect of the cognitive level between education level and explicit GM attitude is significant. However, the implicit GM attitudes of university students are generally negative, and neither the main effect of education level nor the mediating effect of cognition level is significant. University students as the future consumers and an important part of public opinion, their attitude to GM will affect the development of GM technology to a large extent. This study provides a theoretical basis for improving Chinese university students’ attitudes toward GM, and also provides new research ideas for the public view of GM.
The association between sharing something difficult on social media and mental well-being among adolescents. Results from the “LifeOnSoMe”-study
Authors: Kysnes Bjarte , Hjetland Gunnhild Johnsen , Haug Ellen , Holsen Ingrid , Skogen Jens Christoffer
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Social media use is part of everyday life for adolescents. Over the last decade, concerns about the potential negative effects of social media use on mental health and well-being has been raised. Possible positive effects of social media use have to a lesser extent been explored. However, some studies have found associations between social support on social media and well-being. Self-disclosing thoughts and feelings on social media might provide social support and positively affect well-being. The current study aimed to explore adolescents’ experiences with sharing something difficult on social media and the association with well-being.

Methods

The survey data in this cross-sectional study were collected from a sample of 2023 adolescents from senior high schools (mean age 17.4, 55.6% females). Mental well-being was measured using the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being scale (WEMWBS). Multiple linear regression adjusting for age, gender, social media frequency/duration of use, and the number of close friends was used to explore the association of sharing something difficult on social media and mental well-being.

Results

The findings indicated that sharing something difficult on social media, either with a few friends/family members or in a public post, was associated with lower well-being. Perceived social support (easier to talk about, received support, positive experience) after sharing something difficult was associated with higher well-being. Females reported sharing something difficult more than boys, but no interaction effect of gender was found in the associations between private or public sharing and well-being.

Discussion

The results indicate that social media can serve as a supportive environment for adolescents. Future research may want to explore additional aspects of adolescents’ social media use, sharing, and well-being, such as differences in public and private sharing. Such contributions will increase the knowledge base of optimal ways to seek social support through social media.
Augmented reality for chemistry education to promote the use of chemical terminology in teacher trainings
Authors: Ripsam Melanie , Nerdel Claudia
Published: November 2022

Chemistry as a whole is divided into three levels. The macroscopic level describes real, observable phenomena of the material world. The submicroscopic level focuses on particles. The representative level includes pictorial and symbolic representations to visualize substance in its nature. Students often have problems separating these levels and conceptually transfer each of the three levels to the other. Therefore, teachers need to use chemical terminology correctly when teaching the substance-particle concept. Augmented reality (AR) connects the real and virtual worlds. The observer physically moves in a real environment that integrates virtual elements. This can be effective for learning when chemical processes that are invisible are made visible. The simultaneous presentation should avoid split attention and offers new possibilities to interactively deal with multiple external representations ((M)ER). The question arises whether AR has a positive effect on the use of technical language. With an AR app on the tablet and on the hololens, chemical processes of a real experiment are represented by AR visualizations. In this study, the chemistry terminology of chemistry teachers (N = 30) was captured using a pre-post survey. Each test includes five tasks elaborated by thinking aloud. Therefore, the AR app was piloted. The thinking-aloud protocols to acquire the use of the chemical terminology are evaluated in MAXQDA.
Remain or return? An empirical study of influencing factors on the return of Chinese international students during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zhang Keming , Zeng Neng , Zhang Kesen
Published: November 2022

Background

COVID-19 is now a global public health crisis with unprecedented political, economic, and social consequences affecting nations across the world. It also has a profound impact on the mobility of international students. When the COVID-19 was under control in China, and it was spreading dramatically in the United Kingdom, Chinese international students studying in the United Kingdom have been caught in a double bind over whether to return home or not.

Objective

This study aims to explore the factors that influenced Chinese international students’ choices of return during the COVID-19 pandemic when the COVID-19 was under control in China, while it was spreading dramatically in the United Kingdom.

Methods

Taking Chinese international students studying in the United Kingdom as an empirical case, this study used qualitative and quantitative research methods to explore the factors that influenced their choices of return. Based on the Rational Choice Theory and qualitative analysis of text data, this paper constructed the influencing factors model of returning to China. On this basis, we developed a questionnaire and collected data from 1,333 students in late April and early May 2020. Binary Logistic Regression with 95% CI for odds ratio (OR) was used to identify significant factors.

Results

The reserve of epidemic prevention supplies (OR = 0.712), transportation expenses (OR = 0.618), and quarantine expenses (OR = 0.702) negatively affected the return choice of overseas students. The supply of daily necessities (OR = 1.495), the anti-epidemic policy of the United Kingdom (OR = 1.684), and the demand for job hunting after graduation (OR = 1.661) had positive effects.

Conclusion

The institutional rationality had the biggest promoting effect, replaced development rationality, and became the most important factor for overseas students to return to China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Economic rationality, which has a significant negative effect, is the biggest obstacle to returning home. These conclusions have policy implications for governments’ response to the COVID-19 epidemic and improvement of the quality of services for overseas students.
Affective touch in the context of development, oxytocin signaling, and autism
Authors: Li Qin , Zhao Weihua , Kendrick Keith M.
Published: November 2022

Touch represents one of our most important senses throughout life and particularly in the context of our social and emotional experiences. In this review, we draw on research on touch processing from both animal models and humans. Firstly, we briefly describe the cutaneous touch receptors and neural processing of both affective and discriminative touch. We then outline how our sense of touch develops and summarize increasing evidence demonstrating how essential early tactile stimulation is for the development of brain and behavior, with a particular focus on effects of tactile stimulation in infant animals and pediatric massage and Kangaroo care in human infants. Next, the potential mechanisms whereby early tactile stimulation influences both brain and behavioral development are discussed, focusing on its ability to promote neural plasticity changes and brain interhemispheric communication, development of social behavior and bonding, and reward sensitivity through modulation of growth factor, oxytocin, and opioid signaling. Finally, we consider the implications of evidence for atypical responses to touch in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and discuss existing evidence and future priorities for establishing potential beneficial effects of interventions using massage or pharmacological treatments targeting oxytocin or other neurochemical systems.
Perceived stress and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in nurses: A moderated mediation model of maladaptive cognitive emotional regulation and psychological capital
Authors: Xue Mengxin , Yuan Yuan , Chen Hong , Liu Yongbing , Dai Minghui , Sun Huiping , Qu Jiling , Zhou Ting , Zhou Jingxin , Qu Junchao , Bu Yuan , Ji Siqi , Hu Yicheng , Yao Zhenshuai , Feng Yanbing , Gu Xinyi
Published: November 2022

Nurses often face a variety of work-related and life-related stresses that make them more prone to symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), yet the underlying mechanism of this association is poorly understood. To address this research gap, we investigated the mediating role of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between perceived stress and PTSD symptoms, and explored whether psychological capital could moderate the direct or indirect effects between perceived stress and PTSD symptoms. Nurses (N = 723) completed a questionnaire about perceived stress, PTSD symptoms, maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and psychological capital. After controlling for gender, age and work department, perceived stress was positively correlated with PTSD symptoms. Maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies partially mediated this relationship. Psychological capital moderates the effects of perceived stress and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies on PTSD symptoms. Specifically, the positive correlation between perceived stress and PTSD symptoms was stronger among nurses with low levels of psychological capital than among nurses with high levels of psychological capital. At the same time, the positive correlation between maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and PTSD symptoms was stronger in nurses with a low level of psychological capital. Therefore, cognitive strategies and interventions oriented toward psychological capital may alleviate the PTSD symptoms of nurses in stressful situations.
Do clinical trials affect anxiety, depression, and quality of life in the caregivers of patients with cancer?
Authors: Guo Xiaotong , Lin Lede , Qiu Xiaohua , Tian Meng , Zhu Jiang
Published: November 2022

Objective

To investigate the effect of clinical trials on anxiety, depression, and the quality of life experienced by the family caregivers (FCs) of cancer patients.

Materials and methods

We screened the FCs of patients who were participating in clinical trials and FCs of patients who were not participating in clinical trials [group FCs-GCP (FG) and group FCs-non-GCP (FNG) at Cancer Center of West China Hospital]. We assessed the anxiety, depression, and quality of life of the FCs using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and SF-12. The demographic characteristics of FCs and patients were analyzed.

Results

The prevalences of anxiety and depression showed no significant difference between FG and FNG (46.3 vs. 51.5%, P = 0.604; 36.6 vs. 51.5%, P = 0.131, respectively). Physical Component Scores (PCS) were 48.87 ± 7.67 for FG and 48.01 ± 8.12 for FNG (P = 0.618) while Mental Component Scores (MCS) were 48.92 ± 7.78 and 44.89 ± 11.42, respectively (P = 0.031). The anxiety of FCs was positively associated with patients’ advanced disease (HR 4.292 [1.409, 13.072], P = 0.010) and initial treatment (HR 3.105 [1.014, 9.515], P = 0.047). Depression was positively related to advanced disease (HR 3.347 [1.140, 9.832], P = 0.028), and negatively related to patients participating in clinical trials (HR 0.421 [0.180, 0.985], P = 0.046) and the education degree of FCs (HR 0.355 [0.149, 0.843], P = 0.019). MCS was positively associated with patients participating in clinical trials (β = 5.067, 95% CI [0.817, 9.317], P = 0.020) and negatively associated with advanced disease (β = −8.055, 95% CI [−19.804, 6.528], P = 0.002).

Conclusion

The FCs of the cancer patients who participated in clinical trials showed a comparable worrying situation of anxiety and depression to the FCs of regular cancer patients. This indicates that more concern and attention should be given to this population, and further study on them is warranted.
Tailoring implementation strategies for scale-up: Preparing to take the Med-South Lifestyle program to scale statewide
Authors: Leeman Jennifer , Draeger Lindy B. , Lyons Kiira , Pham Lisa , Samuel-Hodge Carmen
Published: November 2022

Background

Tailoring implementation strategies for scale-up involves engaging stakeholders, identifying implementation determinants, and designing implementation strategies to target those determinants. The purpose of this paper is to describe the multiphase process used to engage stakeholders in tailoring strategies to scale-up the Med-South Lifestyle Program, a research-supported lifestyle behavior change intervention that translates the Mediterranean dietary pattern for the southeastern US.

Methods

Guided by Barker et al. framework, we tailored scale-up strategies over four-phases. In Phase 1, we engaged stakeholders from delivery systems that implement lifestyle interventions and from support systems that provide training and other support for statewide scale-up. In Phase 2, we partnered with delivery systems (community health centers and health departments) to design and pilot test implementation strategies (2014–2019). In Phase 3, we partnered with both delivery and support systems to tailor Phase 2 strategies for scale-up (2019–2021) and are now testing those tailored strategies in a type 3 hybrid study (2021–2023). This paper reports on the Phase 3 methods used to tailor implementation strategies for scale-up. To identify determinants of scale-up, we surveyed North Carolina delivery systems (n = 114 community health centers and health departments) and elicited input from delivery and support system stakeholders. We tailored strategies to address identified determinants by adapting the form of Phase 2 strategies while retaining their functions. We pilot tested strategies in three sites and collected data on intermediate, implementation, and effectiveness outcomes.

Findings

Determinants of scale-up included limited staffing, competing priorities, and safety concerns during COVID-19, among others. Tailoring yielded two levels of implementation strategies. At the level of the delivery system, strategies included implementation teams, an implementation blueprint, and cyclical small tests of change. At the level of the support system, strategies included training, educational materials, quality monitoring, and technical assistance. Findings from the pilot study provide evidence for the implementation strategies' reach, acceptability, and feasibility, with mixed findings on fidelity. Strategies were only moderately successful at building delivery system capacity to implement Med-South.

Conclusions

This paper describes the multiphase approach used to plan for Med-South scale-up, including the methods used to tailor two-levels of implementation strategies by identifying and targeting multilevel determinants.
The probability analysis of ejecta particles damaging a spacecraft operating around asteroids after an artificial impact experiment: Hayabusa 2 ’s SCI operation safety study
Authors: Soldini Stefania , Saiki Takanao , Tsuda Yuichi
Published: November 2022

On 5 April 2019, the Hayabusa 2 spacecraft performed the first successful artificial impact experiment on an asteroid. The Small Carry-on Impactor (SCI) device was deployed at an altitude of 500 m above Ryugu’s surface. The 2 kg copper projectile hit Ryugu’s surface in 40 min and caused the formation of an artificial crater 14.5 m in diameter. Once the SCI was deployed, the Hayabusa 2 spacecraft performed a two-week escape trajectory reaching altitudes as far as 120 km from Ryugu. The spacecraft then returned to its nominal position at 20 km altitude (Home-Position) from Ryugu for hovering control. This was done to prevent ejecta particles from seriously damaging the spacecraft and compromising its functionality. In this article, we present a method to forecast the daily probability of spacecraft damage along the selected nominal escape trajectory due to the debris cloud formed by an artificial impact. The result of the damage analysis confirmed that the selected escape trajectory experienced a small number of particle collisions under the design threshold, which would not have resulted in damage. Indeed, no damage was reported on the Hayabusa 2 spacecraft and it kept operating normally after the SCI operation. The method here presented serves as a guideline for post-impact mission operations to forecast and estimate the probability of damage to spacecraft or CubeSats operating near a small celestial body after an artificial impact experiment has occurred.
Sustainability assessment of individual-level solar energy poverty alleviation program-A case on Jinzhai County, China
Authors: Jin Zhe , Ialnazov Dimiter S.
Published: November 2022

In this paper we study the Solar Energy for Poverty Alleviation Program (SEPAP) in China, which aims to increase the 3,000 Yuan annually for poor people by installing solar panels. SEPAP was initially launched in 2014 and officially ended in 2020 when President Xi announced that absolute poverty was eliminated in China. During the 6 years, China built and put into operation 26.49 million kilowatts of solar PV systems, benefiting 1,472 counties, 138,091 villages, and 4.18 million poor households. We propose a sustainable assessment framework and apply the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method (FCEM) to evaluate individual-level SEPAP in Jinzhai County, China, based on the findings of 80 semi-structured interviews with professionals and poor households. When examining SEPAP sustainability, we discover that the economic dimension is the most crucial one, with income, employment, training for the poor, and solar panel quality being the most weighted sub-indicators. In 2021, SEPAP could increase by roughly 2,700 Yuan for poor households, which is 90% achieved the governmental goals. We obtain a “Medium-high” outcome for the individual-level SEPAP. We provide two policy recommendations for maintenance work that will help the poor maintain a steady income.
Prostate volume is an independent predictive factor in selecting low-risk prostate patients for active surveillance
Authors: Yusim Igor , Mazor Elad , Elsaraya Nimer , Gat Roni , Novack Victor , Mabjeesh Nicola J.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The outcome of the present study is to determine variables available at the time of diagnosis able to predict disease reclassification in prostate cancer (PCa) patients on active surveillance (AS).

Materials and methods

From January 2014 to December 2018, 114 consecutive low-risk PCa patients were enrolled in AS protocol according to inclusion criteria: PSA ≤ 10 ng/ml, Gleason score (GS) ≤ 6 or International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Gleason grade group (GG) 1, maximum cancer core length (MCCI) < 50%, and ≤ 2 positive cores on biopsy. Patients were followed with confirmatory and yearly prostate biopsy, semi-annually with prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and digital rectal examination (DRE). Disease reclassification was defined as upgrading biopsy: GS ≥ 3 + 4 = 7 or ISUP GG ≥ 2, more than two positive cores, MCCI > 50%, or changes in serum PSA > 10 ng/ml. Uni- and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models, receiver performance curves (ROC), and Kaplan-Meier analysis were performed to characterize AS criteria and identify variables that predict disease reclassification. Finally, decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to evaluate the net benefit of using PV in addition to standard variables to predict disease reclassification.

Results

PCa was diagnosed by systematic transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-Bx). The mean (range) follow-up was 32.7 (12-126) months. Disease reclassification occurred in 46 patients (40%). On univariate statistical analysis prostate specific antigen (PSA) (p = 0.05), prostate volume (PV) (p = 0.022), PSA density (PSAD) (p < 0.001) and number of positive cores (p = 0.021) were significant factors for disease reclassification. On the multivariate analysis, PSAD (p < 0.001) and PV (p = 0.003) were the only statistically significant independent variables to predict disease reclassification. A PSAD cut-off of 0.16 ng/ml² and a PV cut-off of 44 ml gave a maximal area under the curve, 0.69 and 0.63, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the median survival free from disease reclassification during AS was almost doubled in patients with PSAD < 0.16 ng/ml2 or PV > 44 ml. DCA showed a positive net benefit and clinical usefulness of the model, including PV, to predict disease reclassification between threshold probabilities of 20-50%.

Conclusions

PV and PSAD significantly predicted failure from AS in our patients. Patients with a baseline PV of fewer than 44 ml would be more likely to have disease reclassification and unsuitable for acceptable AS protocols. Therefore, we believe that PV may help to select PCa patients for AS, especially in populations where the use of mpMRI is limited.
Inclusivity in stereoscopic XR: Human vision first
Authors: Pladere Tatjana , Svarverud Ellen , Krumina Gunta , Gilson Stuart J. , Baraas Rigmor C.
Published: November 2022

Full accessibility to eXtended Reality Head-Mounted Displays (XR HMDs) includes a requirement for well-functioning eyes and visual system. Eye and vision problems—that affect visual skills and abilities to various degrees—are common and may prevent an individual from comfortably wearing and using XR HMDs. Yet, vision problems have gained little attention in the XR community, making it difficult to assess the degree of accessibility and how to increase inclusivity. This perspective article aims to highlight the need for understanding, assessing, and correcting common eye and vision problems to increase inclusivity—to help broaden a responsible uptake of XR HMDs. There is a need to apply an interdisciplinary, human-centered approach in research. Guidelines are given for conducting reproducible research to contribute to the development of more inclusive XR technologies, through consideration of the individual variations in human visual skills and abilities.
The Coronavirus pandemic and closed fitness clubs negatively affected members exercise habits
Authors: Gjestvang Christina , Tangen Elene Mauseth , Haakstad Lene A. H.
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Due to the Coronavirus pandemic, politicians enacted directions to reduce social interactions, including lockdown of fitness clubs. We aimed to investigate how this changed exercise habits of Norwegian gym members.

Method

Based on survey data, men and women (≥18 years, n = 233, data collection from Aug. 2020 to Jan. 2021) were recruited to this study by an email-invitation from their fitness club chain or by Facebook advertisement. The participants reported on background variables (e.g., age, gender, total household income, occupation, and education), and exercise habits pre- and during social lockdown. Data were analyzed using independent or student t-test, chi-squared test, or McNemar's test, as appropriate.

Results

Home-based exercise (18.0 vs. 72.5%, p = <0.001), walking (49.8 vs. 65.2%, p = <0.001), and cycling (16.7 vs. 24.5%, p = 0.004) was more common during than pre-lockdown. Also, men (4.33 to 3.68 days/week, p =0.013) and women (4.20 to 3.79 days/week, p = 0.001) reported a lower exercise frequency, and a shorter duration. Exercise frequency was lower in those with a BMI ≥25 than in those with BMI <25 (3.95 vs. 4.48 days/week, p = <0.007) pre-lockdown. High exercise attendees (≥3 sessions/week, 66.5%) reported a smaller decrease in exercise frequency (mean change: 0.06 vs. 1.24 days/week, p = <0.001) and duration (>60 min. per session: 33.0 vs. 3.8%, p = <0.001) than low exercise attendees during lockdown.

Discussion

Home-based exercise, walking, and cycling were most frequently reported during lockdown. Participants reported a small decrease in exercise duration and frequency compared with pre-lockdown. Closure of fitness clubs impacted low attendees more than high attendees.
Don't fear the (small) bite: A narrative review of the rationale and misconceptions surrounding closure of abdominal wall incisions
Authors: Theodorou Alexis , Banysch Mark , Gök Hakan , Deerenberg Eva B. , Kalff Joerg C. , von Websky Martin W.
Published: November 2022

Background

The most common complications related to the closure of abdominal wall incisions are surgical site infections, wound dehiscence and the development of an incisional hernia. Several factors relating to the surgical technique and the materials used have been identified and analysed over the years, as mirrored in the current recommendations of the European Hernia Society, but some misconceptions still remain that hinder wide implementation.

Method

A literature search was performed in the PubMed and GoogleScholar databases on 15 July 2021 and additionally on 30 March 2022 to include recent updates. The goal was to describe the scientific background behind the optimal strategies for reducing incisional hernia risk after closure of abdominal wall incisions in a narrative style review

Results

An aponeurosis alone, small bites/small steps continuous suture technique should be used, using a slowly resorbable USP 2/0 or alternatively USP 0 suture loaded in a small ½ circle needle. The fascial edges should be properly visualised and tension should be moderate.

Conclusion

Despite the reproducibility, low risk and effectiveness in reducing wound complications following abdominal wall incisions, utilisation of the recommendation of the guidelines of the European Hernia Society remain relatively limited. More work is needed to clear misconceptions and disseminate the established knowledge and technique especially to younger surgeons
Veterinary nursing in the United Kingdom: Identifying the factors that influence retention within the profession
Authors: Jeffery Andrea , Taylor Eleanor
Published: November 2022

The UK regulatory body for registered veterinary nurses (RVNs), the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (RCVS), maintains the professional register of RVNs. Every year, a proportion fail to re-join the register. This research aimed to identify the factors that predict retention and to make recommendations to inform the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons as the regulator as well as both the veterinary nursing and veterinary professions. An analysis of the raw quantitative data generated by the 2014 and 2019 RCVS surveys of the veterinary nurse profession was undertaken using multivariable logistic regression analysis. First, bivariable associations were estimated using unadjusted odds ratios to explore whether there are any (unconditional) associations between each predictor and the outcome. Predictors that were significant unconditional predictors of intention to leave were then entered into a multivariable logistic regression, yielding adjusted odds ratios. Quantitative analysis found significant relationships between intention to leave and the following factors in both the 2014 and 2019 survey data: job satisfaction; believing that veterinary nursing offers good opportunities for career progression; satisfaction with employer support; and having a second job. The following factors were significant in 2014, but not in 2019: undertaking nurse clinics, feeling valued, and being respected by veterinary surgeons. The factors that influence the retention of registered veterinary nurses (RVNs) within the profession are multifactorial and individual. Nurses are responsible for ensuring that those they work with are aware of their skill set and that they themselves are accountable for utilisation of those skills. When veterinary nurses are supported by their employers, they are more likely to stay in the profession. Having a clearly defined career structure and mapped routes for progression will be helpful with retention. A sense of job satisfaction was another important factor in retention. A pay structure linked to a career pathway framework, such as in human-centred nursing, is an area for further work.
Bale Collection Path Planning Using an Autonomous Vehicle with Neighborhood Collection Capabilities
Authors: Latif Saira , Lindbäck Torbjörn , Karlberg Magnus , Wallsten Johanna
Published: November 2022

This research was mainly focused on the evaluation of path planning approaches as a prerequisite for the automation of bale collection operations. A comparison between a traditional bale collection path planning approach using traditional vehicles such as tractors, and loaders with an optimized path planning approach using a new autonomous articulated concept vehicle with neighborhood reach capabilities (AVN) was carried out. Furthermore, the effects of carrying capacity on reduction in the working distance of the bale collection operation was also studied. It was concluded that the optimized path planning approach using AVN with increased carrying capacity significantly reduced the working distance for the bale collection operation and can thus improve agricultural sustainability, particularly within forage handling.
Sunflower: From Cortuso’s Description (1585) to Current Agronomy, Uses and Perspectives
Authors: Giannini Vittoria , Maucieri Carmelo , Vamerali Teofilo , Zanin Giuseppe , Schiavon Stefano , Pettenella Davide Matteo , Bona Stefano , Borin Maurizio
Published: November 2022

The sunflower was introduced in Europe (in Spain) in the 15th century, and later in Italy in the second half of the 16th century by Giacomo Antonio Cortuso who was the head of the Botanical Garden in Padua. He and Andrea Mattioli published a detailed description of the species. The sunflower was mainly used for ornamental and medicinal purposes in the following two centuries. In the early 1800s, its cultivation area expanded as a consequence of two new, divergent uses and breeding programs: oilseed production and seed consumption. Nowadays, sunflower is cropped for many uses, mainly food, feed, and biodiesel. Beyond the global interest in this crop, it is extremely difficult to predict its cultivation and productivity in the short/medium term because of the current geopolitical and climate change scenarios. In this last perspective, sunflower cropping should foresee the integration of (i) crop breeding for improving quali-quantitative traits and biotic and abiotic stress tolerance; (ii) agronomic practices to increase the resilience of this crop through anticipated sowing dates and scheduled irrigation according to its phenological phases; and (iii) exploration of new cultivation areas towards higher latitudes.