bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1556 – Social Suport, Mental Health, And Satisfaction With Life In Institutionalized Elderly
Authors: Pardal A. , Espirito-Santo H. , Lemos L. , Matreno J. , Amaro H. , Guadalupe S. , Daniel F. , Ferreira J. , Fernandes M. , Carvalho D. , Maia S. , Gonçalves R.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Research has shown the importance of social support on mental health, however, this investigation has not been done in elder population.

Objective/aims

Our aim is to study the relationship between perceived social support, satisfaction with life, anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms.

Methods

We collected a sample of 46 institutionalized elderly aged between 65 and 95 years old. We used the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) to assess anxious and depressive symptoms. To assess social support we used the Older Americans Resources and Services Program (OARS), which evaluated the social resources, and to assess the life satisfaction we used the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS).

Results

We found that 91.3% of subjects were illiterate or with low education and only 4 (8.7%) had studied beyond the fourth grade. The elders showed an high average of anxiety and depression symptoms, and dissatisfaction with life. Regarding the perception of social support, the elderly essentially reveal high dissatisfaction with the extent of contact with others and the availability of help. We also found that perceived social support is related with GAI, GDS, and SWLS.

Conclusion

Intervention strategies should involve the integration of elder population in social life.
1565 – Safety, Efficacy, And Tolerability Of Intermittent Theta-burst Rtms Of The Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex For Refractory Major Depression
Authors: Downar J. , Giacobbe P. , Salomons T. , Geraci J. , Bakker N. , Dunlop K. , Blumberger D. , Daskalakis Z.J. , Kennedy S. , Flint A.
Published: July 2013

rTMS is an emerging treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) refractory to medications and psychotherapy. The conventional target for rTMS in MDD is the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). However, convergent evidence from lesion, stimulation, and neuroimaging studies suggests that the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) may play a more central role in emotion regulation. We have recently demonstrated robust and potentially superior antidepressant properties for excitatory rTMS of the DMPFC. However, one of the enduring limitations of rTMS is the long duration of each treatment session under conventional protocols, which require ~40 minutes per day over 20-30 sessions for maximum efficacy using conventional 10 Hz stimulation. More recent studies have suggested that theta-burst stimulation (TBS) protocols can achieve stronger and more durable effects in markedly less time. Intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) generates robust and long-lasting excitatory effects with 600 pulses over ~3 min. Pilot studies have previously reported antidepressant effects with TBS over the DLPFC. However, TBS over the DMPFC has not previously been studied. Here we report robust antidepressant effects for a 7 min course of iTBS, administered bilaterally over the DMPFC with MRI-guidance at 120% resting motor threshold, over 20-30 sessions, in an open-label series of 40 patients with refractory MDD. Safety, efficacy, and tolerability are comparable to a 10 Hz rTMS protocol requiring 30-40 min of treatment. iTBS of the DMPFC may effectively reduce the duration (and cost) of rTMS >4-fold, thus increasing patient capacity per clinic and improving the overall accessibility of rTMS in refractory MDD.
1568 – Cimetidine Prescription For Inappropriate Sexual Behaviors In Child And Adolescent Psychiatry
Authors: Pires J. , Junior A.S. , Dalgalarrondo P.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Hypersexuality is a relatively common condition among children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders. It can be related to mental retardation, bipolar disorder, sexual abuse and others. Some studies in old-age psychiatry showed improvement of inappropriate sexual behaviors of demented patients with the use of cimetidine.

Objectives

We intended to analyze the clinical response to cimetidine, regarding inappropriate sexual behaviors, in children and adolescents of a psychiatric outpatient service.

Aims

To show that cimetidine can be used for treatment of children and adolescents who present hypersexuality symptoms, with good outcomes and reasonable prices.

Methods

We analyzed the medical records of 11 individuals (12-20 years-old), from the outpatient psychiatric service for children and adolescents of the Campinas State University's Clinical Hospital, who were prescribed cimetidine due to inappropriate sexual behaviors. We evaluated the clinical response, socio-demographic profiles, associated disorders, and use of other medications.

Results

We found that 7 patients had a significant improvement in inappropriate sexual behaviors after starting cimetidine, with some periods of absence of symptoms. Other 3 patients had a partial response. Only one had no response to cimetidine, which was discontinued.

Conclusion

This study suggests that cimetidine can be a possible pharmacological alternative for the treatment of hypersexuality in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders.
1571 – Efficacy Of Rtms Of The Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex On Binge-purge Behaviors In Refractory Anorexia And Bulimia Nervosa: a Case Series
Authors: Downar J. , Bakker N. , Geraci J. , Dunlop K. , Salomons T. , Giacobbe P. , Olmsted M. , Colton P. , Woodside B.
Published: July 2013

rTMS is currently being explored as a potential adjunctive treatment for anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Previous studies have found, at best, modest efficacy for rTMS in this setting using the conventional target in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). However, neuroimaging studies suggest that the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) may be more central to inhibiting impulsive thoughts and behaviours such as binge and purge episodes. We have previously reported serendipitous rapid, complete, and durable remission of binge and purge behaviours in a patient with severe bulimia nervosa who was undergoing rTMS of the DMPFC for comorbid major depression (Downar et al., 2012). Here we extend this finding in a larger case series of 15 patients with either anorexia or bulimia nervosa and bingeing and purging behaviours refractory to medications and therapy despite several years of treatment. MRI-guided rTMS of the DMPFC (10 Hz stimulation, 120% resting motor threshold, bilateral, 3000 pulses per hemisphere) achieved full remission from binge and purge episodes in a majority of patients, with parallel improvements in mood and anxiety symptoms. Patients with BMI in the normal range showed a more robust response to treatment. Individual cases also spontaneously reported improvement in comorbid impulse control disorder symptoms, such as kleptomania. Individuals with comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) also reported marked improvements in these symptoms. A subset of patients with lower BMIs showed minimal response. rTMS of the DMPFC may represent an effective adjunct to conventional treatment for binge-purge behaviours. A randomized controlled trial of this approach may be warranted.
1574 – Münchausen Syndrome By Proxy - a Case Report
Authors: Salles A.C.W.S. , de Santiago C.R.S.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Münchausen Syndrome by Proxy (MSP) is a form of child abuse in which a parent induces real symptoms of diseases in a child, even leading to hospitalization. It was described in 1977 by the Pediatrician Roy Meadow.

In Brazil, The Statute of the Child and Adolescent, passed in 1990, outlines the procedures for all abuse and neglect proceedings.

Objectives

To show the symptoms and evidences of this Syndrome in order to provide an early recognition of those cases.

Aims

To prevent this kind of child abuse which can bring harmful effects in the child's life, even causing death.

Methods

Evaluation of a case report that was studied by Psychiatrists in Rio de Janeiro, in which the prosecutor wanted to know whether or not the children could be released from protected custody, considering the suspicion of MSP and the fact that one of the child had already died.

Results

The woman didn’t show any Psychiatry Disorder by the time of the evaluation, but her behavior suggested psychological difficulties as being a mother. It was suggested that she and her husband needed psychological intervention and that the children still needed the Council of Guardianship's care and protection proceedings.

Conclusions

The MSP can be difficult to be diagnosed and is still considered a controversial phenomenon. It doesn’t have a clear cause but occurs because of psychological problems in the adult, and is generally an attention-seeking behavior. The syndrome can be life-threatening for the child involved.
1579 – Migration And Mental Health Of Aborigines Of Siberia: New Challenges Of Old Problems
Authors: Bokhan N.
Published: July 2013

Relevance

Acculturation of aborigines of Siberia and Far East of Russia was characterized by destabilizing influence of migrants and adoption of alien traditions of alcohol use. Among migrants of new wave, number of socially maladjusted migrants with depression, suicidal and addictive behavior has grown.

Objective

To define factors of prevention of alcohol-related over-mortality of native population based on monitoring of medicosocial indices of substance abuse situation, clinical dynamic and prognosis of alcoholism in differentiated groups.

Material and methods

Clinical-epidemiological and clinical-psychopathological screening of revealed (ICD-10) alcoholic patients among arctic group (Evenks, Chukchi, Koryaks, Eskimos) of north-Asian mongoloids (n=735). Group of comparison - 90 patients (F10.2) male Caucasians from this locality.

Results

Aborigines of Siberia show high frequency (50-65% in both sexes) of mental disorders. Men are characterized predominantly by alcohol dependence syndrome (maximum at age of 26-35 years), women - by affective disorders. Malign character of alcoholism determines high lethality of young men from suicide, alcohol-related accident, complications of comorbid somatic pathology with deformation of sex-age pyramid at 25—40 years. Severe degradation of personality (psychopath-like, cognitive defects) is typical; psychopathologic transformation of intoxication with aggression precedes development of withdrawal syndrome.

Discussion

Marginalization of new migration wave promotes formation of various forms of mental desadaptation, hetero (homicidal) and auto-aggressive (addictions, suicides) behavior. Factor of prevention of negative consequences of acculturation is monitoring of mental health both of aborigines and migrants. Significance is acquired by ethnological expertise of possible consequences of current migration processes for ethnodemographic parameters of scanty ethnoses.
1580 – Patterns Of Mental Disorders And Their Co-morbidity With Conflict-affected Populations In Georgia
Authors: Makhashvili N. , Chikovani I. , Rukhadze N. , McKee M. , Patel V. , Roberts B.
Published: July 2013

Background

Internally displaced persons (IDPs) reach almost 6% of Georgia's total population. They were uprooted by the military conflicts in Abkhazia and South Ossetia in the 1990s and the brief but intensive war with Russia in 2008.

Aim

To examine the patterns of mental disorders and functional disability among conflict-affected populations in Georgia.

Methods

The study used a cross-sectional household survey design with multi-stage random sampling IDPs and “returnees” (IDPs who have returned to their original villages). Disorders of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and their co-morbidity, were measured, along with functional disability. A range of questions on exposure to violent and traumatic events and demographic and socio-economic characteristics were included. Descriptive and multivariate regression analyses were used.

Results

Of 3600 respondents, 24% were recorded with PTSD, 14% with depression, 11% with anxiety. 30% of all respondents had ≥1 condition and 6% had all 3. Factors significantly associated with the mental disorders and their comorbidity included greater frequency of exposure to traumatic events, female gender, older age, displacement status, low levels of neighbourhood support, poor community conditions, and a bad economic situation. PTSD mediated the influence of traumatic events on outcomes of depression and anxiety. All 3 disorders significant influenced functional disability.

Conclusions

The study provides the most comprehensive data on mental health problems among conflict-affected populations in Georgia. It highlights the persisting burden of poor mental health and the associated characteristics, and the significant impact of mental disorders on functional disability. It calls for greater access to needs-driven mental health services.
1588 – Interleukin-6 As a Biomarker Of The Model Of Staging In Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Grande I. , Magalhaes P.V. , Chendo I. , Stertz L. , Gama C.S. , Vieta E. , Kapczinski F.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Different proposals of the staging model in bipolar disorder (BD) have been launched suggesting a progression from prodromal to more severe and refractory presentations. Biochemical variations in BD are receiving attention as they may help to understand the neurobiological correlates of the disorder and its neuroprogression.

Objectives

Study pro-inflammatory factors, such as interleukins along the progression of the disorder.

Aims

To investigate a) the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the model of staging and b) to detect clinical predictors of variations in IL-6 levels.

Methods

This is a case-control study matched for age and gender. Patients required the diagnosis confirmation by SCID, being in euthymia (HDRS, YMRS scores ≤ 7 in last month), and were classified in Kapczinski et al. clinical stages. At the end, 109 patients and 25 controls were eligible for the study. Serum IL-6 levels were determined by ELISA.

Results

Seventy-six (69.7%) patients were female and the mean age was 44.2 (SD= 12.9) years. A significant increase in IL- 6 was found in patients compared to controls (t=2.33, p=0.02) and among the four groups of patients (F=2.85, p=0.04). Results from linear regression analysis revealed that number of episodes per year, age at first episode, and age were significantly associated with IL-6 (β=0.025, CI: 0.005-0.044, p=0.012; β=-0.016, CI:(-0.031)-(-0.001),p=0.033; β=0.042, CI:0.027-0.058, p=0.0001, respectively).

Conclusions

Interleukin-6 may be a useful biomarker in the model of staging in bipolar disorder and could be related to the number of episode per year and early onset of the disorder.
1590 – Subjective Experience Of Specific Antipsychotic-related Adverse Effects In Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: Krivoy A. , Fischel T. , Kotlarov M. , Leobstein O. , Zemishlany Z. , Weizman A.
Published: July 2013

Background

Discontinuation of anti-psychotic drugs in schizophrenia patients is a major concern, since it results in relapse and re-hospitalizations. Non-adherence is strongly associated with negative subjective response to antipsychotics which is composed of the subjective experience of negative drug effects and attitude towards the treatment.

Objective

To assess subjective experience towards specific drug-related adverse effects which leads to a generally negative subjective attitude towards antipsychotics.

Methods

Attitude and experience were measured in schizophrenia inpatients (n=84) on eight subscales: weight gain, sedation, sexual anhedonia, extra-pyramidal syndrome, affective flattening, excessive sleep, diminished sociability and metabolic syndrome. DAI-30 was used to measure attitude towards drugs, and PANSS to assess psychopathology.

Results

Weak correlation was found between subjective experience and attitude on most of the sub-scales. The only strong, albeit inverse, correlation between experience and attitude that was found was with regard to affective flattening, experienced by 37% of the sample, and it also predicted negative drug attitude as measured by the DAI-30, RR: 1.87 (95% CI: 1.06-3.3, df=1, x2=4.525, p< 0.05).

Conclusion

Drug-related affective flattening should be evaluated routinely, since experiencing it may predict negative attitude towards drugs, potentially leading to poor compliance and relapse.
1592 – The Impact Of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide On Anxiety, Stress And Craving In Patients With Alcohol Dependence
Authors: Koopmann A. , Wolf N.D. , Lémenager T. , Wiedemann K. , Kiefer F.
Published: July 2013

Objective

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is well known as a regulator of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. However, studies suggest that ANP also plays an important role in the neurobiology of anxiety. Recent evidence suggests that ANP may be involved in the pathophysiology of addictive behavior. The present study aims to elucidate the effects of ANP on alcoholdependent patients’ anxiety, perceived stress and craving during alcohol withdrawal.

Methods

A sample of 59 alcohol-dependent inpatients was included in the analysis. A blood sample was taken at day 14 of detoxification in order to assess the concentration of ANP in plasma. In parallel, we assessed patients’ alcohol craving, using the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS), as well as their symptoms of anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; STAI). Patients’ stress levels were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS).

Results

We found a significant negative association between patients’ ANP plasma concentrations and their anxiety, craving for alcohol, and perceived stress. Regression analyses suggest that ANP is a significant predictor both for patients’ perceived stress and for the severity of their anxiety during early abstinence. Additionally, we were able to show the association of patients’ ANP plasma levels and craving to be mediated by their perceived stress.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that the association of patients’ ANP plasma levels and craving is mediated by their perceived stress. For this reason, intranasal application of ANP may prove to be a new avenue for the treatment of alcohol dependence in patients exhibiting high levels of perceived stress.
1598 – Suicidal Behaviour And Affective Comorbidity In Delusional Disorder: Effectiveness Of Paliperidone Palmitate Long Acting Injection (ppild)
Authors: Molina-Andreu O. , González-Rodríguez A. , Penadés Rubio R. , Bernardo Arroyo M. , Catalan Campos R.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Suicide is one of the leading causes of premature death among people with psychotic disorders. However, little is known about treating suicide in delusional disorder.

Objectives

To investigate effectiveness of PPLAI in delusional disorder (DD) patients.

Aims

To compare effectiveness of PPLAI vs,other atypical antipsychotics (OAA) in psychopathology and suicidality.

Methods

Prospective observational study including 45 DD outpatients (DSM-IV-RT) attended at the Department of Psychiatry (Hospital Clinic- BCN) from 2008 to 2012 and followed up for 6 months. Demographic and clinical variables were recorded. Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-17 (HRSD-17), PANSS for psychopathology, Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP) and Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) were assessed at baseline and after 6 months. The sample was divided into four groups according to which treatment they received: oral risperidone, Risperidone Long Acting Injection (RLAI), OAA and PPLAI. For comparisons, Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square tests were used.

Results

Eighty-two per cent were women. Mean age (SD) at onset: 46.9(11.8) years. 6 patients received oral risperidone, 23 OAA, 7 RLAI and 9 were treated with PPLAI. No statistically significant differences were found regarding demographic features, motives leading for consultation, depressive comorbidity and antidepressant prescription. After 6 months, patients treated with PPLAI presented lower frequency of ideation (0% vs.11.1%;p=0.027) and suicidal behaviour (0% vs.2.2%;p=NS). The group receiving PPILD presented a significant increase in functionality (PSP) (p=0.046) and an improvement in PANSS negative subscale scores (p=0.017).

Conclusions

Patients receiving PPLAI showed a decrease in suicidality, an improvement in psychotic symptoms and functionality.
1599 – The Effects Of Prenatal Morphine Exposure On Pain Response
Authors: Amini M. , Alijarahi A.
Published: July 2013

Background

Drug abuse during pregnancy is a growing problem in all developed countries of the world. Maternal drug abuse affects the developing system and its long-term effects can persist till adulthood so it can decreases the rate of their maturation. Since endogenous opioid induced analgesia, and morphine can interact with it, Thus the present study was designed to determine whether the exposure to the morphine during gestation permanently alter pain response.

Objective

To determine the effects of prenatal morphine exposure on pain response.

Materials and methods

12 Pregnant rats were divided to morphine and control groups. Morphine was administrated (S.C) to female rats twice a day (08 h and 20 h) on gestational days 11-18, (5 mg/kg morphine for 3 days and 10 mg/kg for 5 days). Analgesic response of pups (P90, n=6) were tested by formaline test.

Finding

The results of our experiment demonstrated that prenatal morphine exposure rats exhibited significantly lower pain thersholds.

Conclusion

Prenatal morphine exposure impair pain sensitivity.
1601 – Prevention Of Postpartum Psychosis And Mania In Women At High Risk
Authors: Bergink V.
Published: July 2013

Objective

Women with a history of bipolar disorder or postpartum psychosis are at extremely high risk of relapse postpartum. Although lithium prophylaxis has demonstrated efficacy in reducing postpartum relapse, the timing of prophylaxis remains controversial given the balance of risks and benefits for the mother and fetus. The authors compared lithium use during pregnancy compared to its initiation postpartum in women at high risk for postpartum psychosis.

Method

Between 2003 and 2010, 70 pregnant women at high risk for postpartum psychosis were referred to the authors'psychiatric outpatient clinic. Women who were initially medication-free were advised to start lithium prophylaxis immediately postpartum. Women already taking maintenance lithium during pregnancy were advised to continue treatment.

Results

All women with a history of psychosis limited to the postpartum period (n=29) remained stable throughout pregnancy despite being medication-free. Of the women with bipolar disorder (n=41) 24.4% relapsed during pregnancy, despite prophylaxis use by the majority throughout pregnancy. The postpartum relapse rate was highest in women with bipolar disorder who experienced mood episodes during pregnancy (60.0%). In contrast, none of the 20 women with postpartum psychosis using postpartum prophylaxis relapsed, compared to 44.4% of postpartum psychosis patients who declined prophylaxis.

Conclusions

The authors recommend initiating prophylactic treatment immediately postpartum in women with a history of psychosis limited to the postpartum period, to avoid in utero fetal exposure to prophylactic medication. Patients with bipolar disorder require continuous prophylaxis throughout pregnancy and the postpartum period to reduce peripartum relapse risk.
1612 – Clinical Characteristics And Disorder-specific Cognitions In Treatment-seeking Patients With Internet Addiction And Borderline Personality Organization
Authors: Wölfling K.J. , Müller K.W. , Beutel M.E.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Several epidemiological studies revealed prevalence-rates of Internet Addiction (IA) - which was currently proposed as an independent disorder for DSM-5 - ranging from 0.5 to 1 per cent. Above all, patients with IA show psychopathological patterns (craving, tolerance, withdrawal, mood modification, relapses) comparable to substance-related disorders. Besides, IA is frequently accompanied by various comorbidities, such as anxiety, depression or personality disorders.

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to assess typical clinical characteristics and disorder-specific cognitive styles in a subgroup of patients with IA and an underlying Borderline Personality Organization (BPO) in a consecutive sample of over 450 treatment-seekers in an Outpatient Clinic for Internet and Computer game Addiction.

Methods

20 patients, who fulfilled both: the diagnostic criteria of IA and a Borderline Personality Disorder were compared with a matched control-group of BPO-patients without psychopathological but extensive Internet use. Both groups were assessed with the FGG (Questionnaire on borderline-specific cognitions and feelings, Renneberg et al., 2004) and further psychological features (e.g. global assessment of functioning (GAF), self-efficacy (SWE) and sensation seeking).

Results

BPO-patients with IA show an increased mean of the total score of the FGG as well as of further clinical measures. The results lead to the assumption, that BPO-patients with IA use more disorder-specific cognitions, show higher mental strains and lower levels of health-related well-being compared to BPO-patients with only an extensive internet use.

Conclusions

Internet addictive behavior in BPO-patients may serve as avoidance behavior in order to subdue the burden of the primary disease.
1613 – As-needed Use Of Nalmefene In The Treatment Of Alcohol Dependence
Authors: Sinclair J. , Batel P. , Kiefer F. , Chick J. , Sørensen P. , Gual A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

In the phase 3 programme on nalmefene for reduction of alcohol consumption in alcohol dependent patients, an as-needed dosing regimen was used. Patients were instructed to take one tablet on each day they perceived a risk of drinking alcohol, preferably 1 to 2 hours prior to the anticipated time of drinking. Tablets could be taken up to once daily. As-needed use is a patient-centered approach engaging patients in active and responsible management of their illness. It should be seen as an integral part of disease management, increasing awareness of drinking amount and patterns, facilitating identification of at-risk situations.

Objectives

Explore the feasibility of as-needed use of nalmefene in alcohol dependence.

Methods

The Timeline Follow-back was used to obtain estimates of daily drinking and to record daily medication intake. Pooled data (treated patients: nalmefene=643; placebo=633) from the two randomised controlled 6 month studies (ESENSE 1 [NCT00811720] and ESENSE 2 [NCT00812461]) was used. Adherence was defined as medication intake and alcohol consumption, or no alcohol consumption (with or without medication intake).

Results

Nalmefene was taken on approximately half of the study days; placebo was taken more often than nalmefene. In each treatment group, medication intake varied according to patients’ needs as intake correlated with baseline drinking pattern. 68% of the nalmefene treated patients (78% of the study completers) adhered to the as-needed treatment regimen on at least 80% of the study days.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate that patients understand, accept, and adhered to the as-needed treatment regimen.
1614 – Prenatal Alcoholization Of Human Embryos And Fetuses Alters Structure Of Synapses And Properties Of Benzodiazepine Receptors In Their Brain
Authors: Shushpanova T. , Solonsky A.
Published: July 2013

Background

Influence of prenatal alcoholization on development of embryo's human brain and process of synaptogenesis and neurotransmission has been studied inadequately. It has been noticed that acute impact of the alcohol reinforces GABAergic transmission and chronic alcoholization increases selectivity of reverse agonists of benzodiazepine receptor (BDR), that indicates presence of relationship between action of ethanol and functioning of GABA-benzodiazepine receptor complex.

Materials

Objective of present investigation appeared to be a study of dynamic of formation and development of synaptic contacts and benzodiazepine receptors of synapses of the embryonic brain at weeks 7-15 of development obtained from healthy women and alcoholic ones.

Results

Investigations with electronic microscope in cells of embryonic brain obtained from women with alcohol addiction have shown slower formation of synaptic structures as compared with the norm. In addition, we revealed increasing of synaptic contacts number during brain development and alteration of properties of benzodiazepine receptors of synaptosomal membranes during embryo development stage that is expressed in decrease of affinity of receptors (decrease of affinity [3H]flunitrazepam binding) and increase of their density with radioreceptors assay. In cells of the embryo brain obtained from women suffering from alcoholism slowing of formation of synaptic structures as compared with norm and transformation of properties of synaptosomal BDR has been found out, what may be a cause of alteration of neuromediator transmission.

Conclusions

Provided data indicate presence of relationship between action of ethanol on formation of synaptic structures and functioning of benzodiazepine receptor in human embryo and fetus brain.
1615 – Internal Shame: Differences Between Men And Women Greek Roma
Authors: Kotrotsiou S. , Gouva M.I. , Gourgoulianis K. , Paralikas T. , Hatzoglou C. , Skenteris N.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

International and Greek literature on Roma psychological features remains exceptionally limited.

Objective

This study examined the internal shame on Greek Roma.

Aim

Present study evaluated internal shame in a Roma population living in Greece and assess the differentiation of these feelings between Roma men and women.

Materials and methods

361 individuals (125 male and 236 female with mean age 33.96 SD=12.77), residents of the general area of Greece, participated in the present study. The measuring tools used were: a) the Experience of Shame Scale (ESS), b) a questionnaire concerning socio-demographic information.

Results

The mean of the internal shame (ESS total) was 39.68 ± 10.67 (men), 49.06 ± 14.20 (women) (p= .000). The mean of the behavioral shame was 18.00 ± 5.61 (men), 20.69 ± 6.12 (women) (p= .000). The analysis of variance between age groups showed that age and Educational level did not affect the internal shame in Greek Roma. Marital status had a significant effect on internal shame of Greek Roma where the application of the Bonferonni criterion found that divorced participants demonstrated a statistical significant difference from those with different marital status (p =.009), the latter had lower levels of internal shame.

Conclusion

Levels of internal shame in the group of Roma women is very high and higher than Roma men and the influence of marital status on the internal shame is important for Greek Roma.
1625 – External Shame To Greek Roma
Authors: Kotrotsiou S. , Paralikas T. , Gourgoulianis K.I. , Gouva M. , Kotrotsiou E. , Skenteris N.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Belonging to a minority often leads to stigmatization and reduction of social power.

Objective

The current study assessed the role of external shame on Greek Roma.

Aim

The present study aimed at evaluating external shame in a Roma living in Greece and assess the differentiation of these feelings between Roma men and women.

Materials and methods

361 individuals (125 male and 236 female with mean age 33.96 SD=12.77), residents of the general area of Greece, participated in the present study. The measures used were: a) the Other As Shamer scale (OAS) b), a questionnaire concerning sociodemographic information.

Results

The mean of the external shame (OAS total) was 24,08±13,71 (men), 31,84±15,15 (women) (p= .000). The mean of the inferior was 10,34±5,90 (men), 13,19±6,45 (women) (p= .000). The mean of the empty was 3,85±3,26 (men), 6,19±3,80 (women) (p= .000) and Mistakes was 8,64±5,28 (men), 10,85±5,17 (women) (p= .000). The analysis of variance showed that age did not affect the external shame in Greek Roma. Marital status and educational level had a significant effect on external shame of Greek Roma where the application of the Bonferonni criterion found that unmarried participants demonstrated a statistical significant difference from those married (p =.000), the latter had higher levels of external shame and illiterate participants demonstrated a statistical significant difference from those primary school graduates (p =.000), the latter had higher levels of external shame.

Conclusion

The role of gender, educational level and marital status are particularly important to increase the external shame to Greek Roma.
1626 – Feedback Versus Non-feedback To Improve Patient Outcome In Group Psychotherapy For Eating Disorders: a Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Davidsen A. , Lau M. , Poulsen S. , Waaddegaard M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

One out of four patients with eating disorders drop out of psychotherapeutic treatment. The high rate of dropout calls for ways to improve treatment adherence. Research indicates that continuous feedback to patient and therapist during treatment reduces the number of dropout and increases outcome; however there are only two published randomised trials on the effect of feedback on the treatment of eating disorders showing inconclusive results, and there are no randomised trials on the effect of feedback in group therapy.

Objectives

We are investigating the impact of continuous feedback on dropout and outcome in group therapy. The hypothesis is that continuous feedback to patient and therapist on treatment progress and alliance will

1)

reduce the number of dropouts and

2)

increase treatment outcome.

Aims

We aim to discover if feedback is a way of improving adherence in group therapy for outpatients with eating disorders.

Methods

The trial is set up in a randomised design with 196 outpatients diagnosed with bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder or eating disorder not otherwise specified, according to the DSM-IV. They are allocated to

a)

systemic and narrative group therapy with feedback intervention or

b)

systemic and narrative group therapy as usual.

In the experimental group, two sets of feedback measures are added to the treatment as usual: the outcome rating scale and the group session rating scale.

Results and conclusions

If the results will confirm the hypothesis, this trial will support feedback as a way to improve treatment adherence for outpatients with eating disorders.
1631 – Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rtms) As a New Supportive Tool In The Therapy Of Panic Disorder?
Authors: Deppermann S. , Vennewald N. , Haeussinger F.B. , Sickinger S. , Ehlis A.-C. , Fallgatter A.J. , Zwanzger P.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

With a life-time prevalence of about 3.5 percent, Panic disorder (PD) belongs to the most common anxiety disorders which can often chronify if not treated adequately. Characterized by the sudden onset of unexpected panic attacks it is associated with a significant loss of quality of life. As in other anxiety disorders, inadequate top-down regulation of subcortical structures by the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is assumed to be a core feature.

Objectives/aims

Even though fMRI studies could show that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment method that can normalize prefrontal hypoactivity, the onset of its effect is delayed. Moreover, recent neuroscientific studies indicated a beneficial effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), which has been shown to modulate neural activity by depolarization of cortical neurons. The goal of this study was, therefore, to investigate the application of a sham (placebo) controlled activating rTMS protocol during CBT.

Methods

Forty PD patients were assessed with the optical imaging method near-infrared-spectroscopy (NIRS) while performing emotional paradigms as well as a cognitive task before and after receiving 15 sessions of rTMS.

Results

Preliminary results show a significant increase in prefrontal activation from the beginning to the end of the treatment period. This effect was even larger in the active rTMS group.

Conclusion

It can hence be concluded that it is possible to depict the effects of CBT on a neural level after only three weeks. Furthermore, rTMS seems to serve as a useful tool in terms of supporting the general therapy outcome.
1633 – Procognitive Properties Of Cysteine Protease Inhibitors And Immunomodulatory Peptide From Colostrum
Authors: Stanczykiewicz B. , Polanowski A. , Jakubik M. , Rymaszewska J.
Published: July 2013

Cognitive decline is one of key symptoms of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease. Increase of dementia rates will have impact on the costs of prevention, treatment and patient care. The research findings of the last decade suggest that cysteine proteases inhibitors play an important role in the development of Alzheimer's disease by inhibiting the aggregation of β- amyloid and its deposition. The molecular mechanism probably relates to the binding β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) and Aβ40 and Aβ42 peptide that inhibits β-amyloid oligomerization and amyloidogenesis. Furthermore, it has been shown that the preparations formed on the basis of sheep colostrum may delay the process of dementia and even improve memory and learning functions in spatial memory tests. Therefore, the experimental study is currently conducting with young and old rats as a model of cognitive decline and process of brain aging. In order to investigate efficiency of preparations behavioral tests, like Open Field and Water Morris Test are performed in which the ability of memory and learning are assessed. Six groups of rats (n = 7) will be examined. Groups will differ by age and the way of the substance administration (intraperitoneally and orally). It is expected that the research associated with the administration of the cysteine protease inhibitors and immunomodulatory peptide from colostrum can provide a significant contribution to the development of research on dementia disorders, by describing their biological activity and effects on cognitive function. The authors will present the results of the ongoing study and key findings.
1640 – A New Simple Score Of Behavioral & Psychological Symptoms Of Dementia (bpsd)
Authors: Abe K. , Kurata T. , Deguchi K. , Yamashita T. , Ikeda Y.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

There are a number of clinical scores to measure cognitive impairment and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) for dementia patients.

Objective

Previous BPSD scores are well established, but they usually take long time. Furthermore they were made almost 20 years ago, and therefore may not even fit a current BPSD because affective expressions may change depending on modern society change.

Aim

To make a new and simple score which fits modern change of BPSD.

Method

Based on BPSD inquiry from 129 caregivers in local area (patients 81.6 ± 9.9 years old and female 70.5%), a new and simple BPSD score was created, and compared to standard BPSD score NPI (neuropsychiatry inventory). Time was measured to complete this new BPSD score (ABS, Abe's BPSD score) and NPI. This ABS was examined before and after a choline esterase inhibitor treatment.

Result

We gave final scores to each BPSD items with such temporal frequencies taken into account ranging 0-9, and finalized a new BPSD score of score 0-44 between no BPSD to full BPSD. Average time to complete both NPI and ABS was 308.9 ± 86.3 sec and 46.5 ± 16.2 sec (**p< 0.01), respectively. Galantamine showed an improvement of average ABS with - 2.3 ± 1.0 (*p< 0.05) from original score of 6.1 ± 6.6 after 3 month of the treatment.

Conclusion

These data suggest that this new and simple BPSD score (ABS) may be beneficial to quickly evaluate BPSD before and after a treatment of dementia patients.
1642 – The Association Between Duration Of Untreated Psychosis (dup) And Long-term Outcome In Schizophrenia. a Systematic Review Andmeta-analysis
Authors: Penttilä M. , Hirvonen N. , Isohanni M. , Jääskeläinen E. , Miettunen J.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is one of the few potentially modifiable predictors of outcome in schizophrenia. The long DUP and its relation to poor short-term outcome of schizophrenia has been studied in meta-analyses, but the conclusions remain unclear regarding the long-term effects of DUP.

Aim

To study the association between DUP and long-term outcome in a meta-analysis.

Methods

A systematic literature search of studies on DUP and long-term outcome in schizophrenia was performed using seven electronic databases. Studies were included if the follow-up was at least two years, the majority of subjects had a diagnosis of schizophrenia and DUP was studied with at least one of the following outcome categories: positive, negative, general and total symptoms, need of treatment, social functioning, employment, global outcome, quality of life and remission. Random effect methods were used to pool the effects of original studies.

Results

2636 unique publications were identified of which 37 met our pre-defined selection criteria. Long DUP correlated with more severe positive (number of studies n=16; r=0.17), negative (n=17; r=0.14), general (n=4; r=0.29) and total symptoms (n=7; r=0.14) and with poor social functioning (n=13; r=0.13), poor global outcome (n=15; r=0.22) and less likely remission (n=16; r=0.14). The association between long DUP and decreased need of treatment was close to statistical significance (n=12; r=0.12). Employment (n=5) and quality of life (n=5) were not associated with DUP.

Conclusion

Severe symptoms and decreased functionality does not seem to increase the need of treatment or decrease the quality of life or employment.
1643 – Efficacy Of Agomelatine In More Anxious Elderly Depressed Patients. a Randomized, Double-blind Study vs Placebo
Authors: Heun R. , Corral R.M. , Ahokas A. , Nicolini H. , Teixeira J.M. , Dehelean P.
Published: July 2013

Agomelatine, has been shown to be effective and well-tolerated, in treating: major depressive disorder, anxiety symptoms of depression (1,2) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (3,4).

The present analysis evaluate the antidepressant efficacy of agomelatine in the more anxious elderly depressed patients ≥ 65 years, based on a score of the HAMD combined items 10 and 11 ≥ 5 at baseline.

In this 8-week international double-blind randomized study, among 222 elderly depressed out-patients randomized, 119 were more anxious: 82 in the agomelatine 25-50 mg group and 37 in the placebo group.

In the total population, the mean HAM-D total score significantly decreased from baseline to endpoint with agomelatine vs placebo, p=0.013.

In the more anxious population, the decrease on the mean HAM-D total score was also significantly higher with agomelatine (from 27.8 ± 3.0 to 12.2 ± 7.9) vs placebo (from 28.1 ± 3.3 to 16.3 ± 8.8) with a difference in favor of agomelatine of 4.14 (SE=1.57), p=0.010. The response rate (on HAM-D) was higher on agomelatine (68.3%) than on placebo (40.5%), p=0.004. On the three SDS scores, patients reported significantly less symptom-related impairments on agomelatine than on placebo on work/daily activities (p=0.001), in social life (p=0.020), and in family life (p=0.010).

In these patients, most common reported adverse events and more frequent on agomelatine were somnolence, headache, nausea, diarrhoea, upper respiratory tract infection and pain in extremity. There was no transaminases increase.

This results show that agomelatine is efficacious in the treatment of more anxious elderly depressed patients.
1644 – Genetic Variability And Heroin Dosage Requirements In Opioid-dependent Individuals
Authors: González D. , Cañadas M. , Aguilera M. , Reyes J.A. , Plaza A. , Calleja M.Á.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Effective and safe prescription of individualized opioid-doses for opioid-dependent is a complicated task for the clinician, due inter-individual differences in dosage requirements and narrow therapeutic range.

Mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) plays a key role in addiction. A118G-rs1799971 polymorphism in OPRM1 is probably the most promising biomarker of better response in opioid-dependents.

Gene polymorphisms in CYP450-isoenzymes (CYP3A5, CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2B6, CYP1A2, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19) also significantly influence pharmacokinetics and effects of opioids and concomitant treatments.

Objectives and aims

Association of heroin-dose requirements to OPRM1-rs1799971, CYP3A4-rs2740574 and CYP3A5- rs776746 gene polymorphisms in patients from a Heroin Prescription Program (PPH) in Andalusia.

Methods

Series of cases: 15 patients with opioid-addiction. Collection of heroin-doses/patient administered for a year. Genotyping of A118G, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 polymorphisms was performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism.

Results

Eleven patients were AA homozygous (11/15;73.33%) and four heterozygous AG (4/15;26.67%) for A118G-OPRM1; median doses: 179.57[157.85,225.49] and 271.38[145.11,288.88]mg/day respectively were no statistically different (p=0.240). Four subjects presented doses>250mg/day, showing an association of AG-OPRM1 genotype with higher doses, OR:30.00(CI95%:1.41,638.15);p=0.033.

Fourteen patients were homozygous AA and GG for CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 respectively (14/15;93.33%), and one patient was heterozygous AG(1/15;6.66%) for both isoenzymes and presented a high dose(280 mg/day).

Conclusions

Higher heroin-doses (>250mg/day) were associated to AG genotype for OPRM1-A118G, despite the great variability in the dose prescription avoided to find an association between OPRM1 genotype and the specific administered dose.

Pharmacogenetic analysis, focused on OPRM1-A118G, may be a useful tool to adjust the pharmacotherapeutic dose in each case.
1646 – Genetic Risk Factors For Interferon-induced Anxiety
Authors: Udina M. , Moreno-España J. , Navinés R. , Langohr K. , Gratacós M. , Forns X. , Capuron L. , Vieta E. , Solà R. , Martín-Santos R.
Published: July 2013

Background/aims

Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) and Ribavirin is the recommended treatment for chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Common treatment side-effects include neuropsychiatric symptoms such as anxiety, which impairs patient's quality of life and treatment adherence. Inflammation and neurotransmission systems may play a role in the pathogenesis of IFN-α-induced anxiety. The GC/GG genotype at a polymorphism located in the interleukin-6 synthesizer gene (IL6 gene) has been related with a higher production of IL-6 and “higher inflammation response”. A polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene (SERT) has been related with anxiety and antidepressant response. The aim of the study was to assess the role of IL6 and SERT polymorphisms as predictive variables of IFN- induced anxiety.

Material/methods

A cohort of 385 Caucasian outpatients with CHC initiating antiviral treatment. Patients were euthymic and without current anxiety disorder (SCID) at baseline. Anxiety evaluation: Hospital anxiety and depression scale. Assesment: Baseline, 4, 12, 24, and 48 weeks after antiviral treatment initiation. DNA was extracted and polymorphisms genotyped. Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium: IL-6 (p=0.72) and SERT (p=0.41). Statistical analysis: linear mixed-effects.

Results

Patients carrying the G allele (GC/GG genotype) of IL6 polymorphism (G vs. CC) had more anxiety symptoms (p=0.004) during antiviral treatment. We did not find a significant effect of SERT (S vs. LL) on anxiety (p=0.15). No significant interaction between both genes was reported.

Conclusion

GC/GG genotype, that implies higher seric concentrations of IL6, predicts interferon-α-induced anxiety supporting a role of inflammatory pathway on pathophysiology of anxiety.

Grants

PSICOCIT-VHC-P110/01827, and PSIGEN-VHC-EC08/00201. ERDF, European Union “One way to make Europe”.