bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Morphological Measurements of the Cosmic Web with Delaunay Tessellation Field Estimation
Authors: Liu Yu , Yu Yu , Zhang Pengjie , Yu Hao-Ran
Published: August 2024

The density fields constructed by traditional mass assignment methods are susceptible to irritating discreteness, which hinders morphological measurements of cosmic large-scale structure (LSS) through Minkowski functionals (MFs). To alleviate this issue, fixed-kernel smoothing methods are commonly used in the literature, at the expense of losing substantial structural information. In this work, we propose to measure MFs with the Delaunay tessellation field estimation (DTFE) technique, with the goal of maximizing the extraction of morphological information from sparse tracers. We perform our analyses starting from matter fields and progressively extending to halo fields. At the matter-field level, we elucidate how discreteness affects morphological measurements of LSS. Then, by comparing with the traditional Gaussian smoothing scheme, we preliminarily showcase the advantages of DTFE for enhancing measurements of MFs from sparse tracers. At the halo-field level, we first numerically investigate various systematic effects on MFs of DTFE fields, which are induced by finite voxel sizes, halo number densities, halo weightings, and redshift space distortions (RSDs), respectively. Then, we explore the statistical power of MFs measured with DTFE for extracting the cosmological information encoded in RSDs. We find that MFs measured with DTFE exhibit improvements by ∼2 orders of magnitude in discriminative power for RSD effects and by a factor of ∼3–5 in constraining power on the structure growth rate over the MFs measured with Gaussian smoothing. These findings demonstrate the remarkable enhancements in statistical power of MFs achieved by DTFE, showing enormous application potentials for our method in extracting various key cosmological information from galaxy surveys.
Revealing Gas Inflows Toward the Galactic Central Molecular Zone
Authors: Su Yang , Zhang Shiyu , Sun Yan , Yang Ji , Yan Qing-Zeng , Zhang Shaobo , Chen Zhiwei , Chen Xuepeng , Zhou Xin , Yuan Lixia
Published: August 2024

We study the gas inflows toward the Galactic Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) based on the gas morphological and kinematic features from the Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting in the region of l = 1.°2–19.°0 and ∣b∣ ≲ 3.°0. We find that the near dust lane appears to extend to l ∼ 15°, in which the end of the large-scale gas structure intersects with the 3 kpc ring at a distance of ∼5 kpc. Intriguingly, many filamentary molecular clouds (MCs), together with the bow-like/ballistic-like clouds and continuous CO features with notable velocity gradient, are finely outlined along the long structure. These MCs also have relatively large velocity dispersions, indicating the shocked gas generated by local continuous accretion and thus the enhanced turbulence along the entire gas structure. We suggest that the ∼3.1–3.6 kpc-long CO structure originates from the accretion molecular gas driven by the Galactic bar. The gas near the bar end at the 3 kpc ring region becomes an important reservoir for the large-scale accreting flows inward to the CMZ through the bar channel. The inclination angle of the bar is estimated to be ϕ
bar = 23° ± 3°, while the pattern speed of the bar is Ωbar ≲ 32.5 ± 2.5 km s−1 kpc−1. The total mass of the whole near gas lane is about 1.3 ± 0.4 × 107
M
⊙ according to the calculated X
CO ∼ 1.0 ± 0.4 × 1020 cm−2(K km s−1)−1 from the large-scale 12CO and 13CO data and the complementary H i data. We revisit the gas inflow rate as a mean value of 1.1 ± 0.3 M
⊙ yr−1, which seems to be comparable to the outflow's rate of the Galactic nuclear winds after applying the updated lower X-factor above.
Nitrogen Loss from Pluto’s Birth to the Present Day via Atmospheric Escape, Photochemical Destruction, and Impact Erosion
Authors: Johnson Perianne E. , Young Leslie A. , Nesvorný David , Zhang Xi
Published: August 2024

We estimate the loss of nitrogen from Pluto over its lifetime, including the giant planet instability period, which we term the “Wild Years.” We analyze the orbital migration of 53 simulated Plutinos, which are Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) captured into 3:2 mean-motion resonance with Neptune during the instability. This orbital migration brought the Plutinos from 20 to 30 au to their present-day orbits near 40 au along a nonlinear path that includes orbits with semimajor axes from 10 to 100 au. We model the thermal history that results from this migration and estimate the volatile loss rates due to the ever-changing thermal environment. Due to the early Sun’s enhanced ultraviolet radiation, the photochemical destruction rate during the Wild Years was a factor of 100 higher than the present-day rate, but this only results in a loss of ∼10 m global equivalent layer (GEL). The enhanced Jeans escape rate varies wildly with time, and a net loss of ∼100 cm GEL is predicted. Additionally, we model the impact history during the migration and find that impacts are a net source, not loss, of N2, contributing ∼100 cm GEL. The 100 cm GEL is 0.1% of the amount of N2 in Sputnik Planitia. We therefore conclude that Pluto did not lose an excessive amount of volatiles during the Wild Years, and its primordial volatile inventory can be approximated as its present-day inventory. However, significant fractions of this small total loss of N2 occurred during the Wild Years, so estimates made using present-day rates will be underestimates.
Syphilitic Roseola in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Homosexual: A Case Report
Authors: Bernadetta Elvira , Chandra Merilyne , Avianggi Hayra Diah
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND: Roseola syphilitica is one of the main manifestations of secondary syphilis. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum. Syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can occur simultaneously and complicate the progression of the disease. HIV-syphilis coinfection is often cited as the main cause behind the increasing prevalence of syphilis among men who have sex with men (MSM).
CASE PRESENTATION: A 21-year-old man with HIV infection came with complaints of reddish spots on the face, genitalia, and palms of hands and feet that had appeared 3 weeks prior without itching or pain. The patient had a history of self-limiting red spots on his genitals 3 months prior. T. pallidum hemagglutination assay and veneral disease research laboratory serological examination showed titers of 1/10240 and 1/128. The patient was diagnosed with secondary syphilis and was given a single dose intramuscular injection of benzathine penicillin G 2.4 million units. Syphilis is often found together with HIV infection. The clinical picture of syphilis varies greatly, depending on the stage. In HIV patients, the clinical manifestations of syphilis are similar to non-HIV patients but the lesions are more aggressive. Serological tests are accurate and reliable for diagnosis and monitoring patient’s response to treatment. Until now, penicillin is still effective for treating syphilis but further physical and serological examinations are still needed for up to 24 months.
CONCLUSION: HIV infection in MSM is the most important factor causing syphilis. The diagnosis is made based on physical examination and blood serology. There is no difference in syphilis therapy between HIV patients and those who do not have HIV.
Assessing Competencies, Needs, and Satisfaction With the Transition From Pediatric to Adult Health Care in Rheumatology: Development and Validation of the Transition-KompAZ
Authors: Haney Henriette , Klotsche Jens , Niewerth Martina , Hansmann Sandra , Erbis Gabi , Reiser Christiane , Saur Sebastian Jonas , Hoff Paula , Seipelt Eva , Maier Anna , Schalm Susanne , Tatsis Stefanie , Foeldvari Ivan , Kötter Ina , Minden Kirsten
Published: August 2024

Objective

The aim of this study was to develop and psychometrically validate a self-report instrument to assess (1) competencies, (2) needs, and (3) satisfaction among youth transitioning from pediatric to adult rheumatology.

Methods

The Transition-KompAZ was developed in several steps with conceptual and psychometric analyses. To test its psychometric properties, the instrument was administered to adolescents and young adults (AYAs; 16-25 years) with inflammatory rheumatic diseases before (group 1) or after (group 2) transfer to adult rheumatology. A 2-factor, higher-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model was applied to test the hypothesized factor structure. Internal consistency was estimated using the approach of Raykov with the factor loadings and error variances estimated in the CFA. Spearman rank correlation coefficients were used to assess construct validity.

Results

The Transition-KompAZ includes the following modules: (1) competencies in transition (knowledge, self-management), (2) needs (healthcare services, information), and (3) satisfaction (general, transitional care). A total of 173 AYAs (group 1: n = 86; group 2: n = 87) from 12 rheumatology sites completed the Transition-KompAZ. It showed good model fit (comparative fit index > 0.9; Tucker-Lewis index > 0.9; weighted root mean square residual < 0.9) with good internal consistency. The instrument demonstrated moderate-to-good construct validity and good test-retest reliability.

Conclusion

The Transition-KompAZ appears to be a reliable tool for assessing important dimensions of transition. It may support a structured and individualized transition, as well as the evaluation of transition services. However, further studies are required to assess its predictive value in terms of transfer readiness and successful transition.
The Development and Validation of a Novel Training Infographic for the Physician Global Visual Analog Scale in Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Gunawardana Shannon , Helliwell Philip S. , Kok Marc R. , Vis Marijn , Allard Andrew , Akpabio Akpabio , Alsaffar Aallaa , Ellis Jessica C. , Kasiem Fazira R. , Macmillan Rachel , Mulhearn Ben , Gorman Aine , Coates Laura C. , Tillett William
Published: August 2024

Objective

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a heterogenous condition with musculoskeletal and skin manifestations. The physician global visual analog scale (VAS) is an important component of many composite scores used in clinical trials and observational studies. Currently, no training material exists to standardize this assessment.

Methods

The Psoriatic Arthritis Validation of Physician Global VAS (PAVLOVAS) project describes the development of a novel training infographic with stakeholder involvement, which was then evaluated in a Latin square design in which 20 patients with PsA were assessed by 10 clinicians. For each group of 10 patients, 5 assessors conducted traditional assessment (consisting of 66/68-joint count, body surface area, Leeds Enthesitis Index, and dactylitis and nail counts) and 5 assessors conducted a standardized, thorough general examination informed by the infographic. Assessors switched assessment type between groups. The 3-item (3VAS) and 4VAS informed by traditional and infographic methods were compared, alongside other composite scores.

Results

There was strong agreement between traditional and infographic physician global VAS (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] 0.69,P= 0.01). This improved to very strong agreement when incorporated into the 3VAS (ICC 0.99,P< 0.001) and 4VAS (ICC 0.99,P< 0.001). The duration of assessment was significantly less for the infographic vs traditional groups (6.5 vs 7.8 mins,P< 0.001). There was moderately high agreement between the 3VAS and 4VAS categories of disease activity, with the same categories defined by Psoriatic Arthritis Disease Activity Score (PASDAS) and Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA; χ217.0,P= 0.049).

Conclusion

Our group developed and validated a novel training infographic that informs a briefer assessment of the physician global VAS than traditional assessments. This tool has potential applications in training and routine clinical practice.
Children With Type I Interferonopathy: Commonalities and Diversities in a Large Patient Cohort
Authors: Haslak Fatih , Kilic Huseyin , Sahin Sezgin , Hotaman Busra , Cebi Nur Memnune , Yildiz Mehmet , Adrovic Amra , Gunalp Aybuke , Konte Elif Kilic , Aslan Esma , Gul Umit , Akay Nergis , Zindar Yilmaz , Ulug Fitnat , Guler Serhat , Kiykim Ayca , Aydemir Sezin , Barut Kenan , Saltik Sema , Cokugras Haluk C. , Kasapcopur Ozgur
Published: August 2024

Objective

This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical features, laboratory and screening results, treatment options, and outcomes of patients with type I interferonopathy. Our secondary goal was to identify the predictors of long-term morbidity or mortality.

Methods

We included children with genetically confirmed type I interferonopathies, with a follow-up duration of > 1 year. Data were obtained retrospectively from medical records.

Results

Of the 40 eligible patients for the study, 52.5% were female, with a median age of disease onset of 1.5 years (range 0.1-13.2 yrs). They were diagnosed at an average age of 6.8 (SD 4.6) years. Aicardi-Goutières syndrome was the most common diagnosis (n = 15, 37.5%). The central nervous system was the most frequently affected system (n = 27, 67.5%). Janus kinase inhibitors were administered to 17 (42.5%) patients. Twenty-five patients (62.5%) developed at least 1 permanent morbidity or died during follow-up; thus, they were included in the poor outcome group. Although younger age at disease onset, intracranial calcification (ICC), and lack of chilblains and elevated acute-phase reactants were significant in univariate logistic regression analysis, only ICC on magnetic resonance imaging at admission (adjusted odds ratio 19.69, 95% CI 1.08-359.05,P= 0.04) was found to be a significant predictor of poor outcomes in multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Conclusion

For the first time, we evaluated the predictors of poor outcomes in patients with type I interferonopathy with a broad spectrum of subtypes. Further, our study’s unique patient characteristics can provide valuable insights into these extremely rare conditions.
Detection of Pancreatitis and Protein-Losing Gastroenteropathy Associated With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Protein Leakage Scintigraphy
Authors: Yamada Hirofumi , Sugiyama Takahiro , Ito Yasuhiko , Toriihara Akira
Published: August 2024

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) rarely causes pancreatitis and/or protein-leakage gastroenteropathy as a gastrointestinal (GI) manifestation. Here, we describe the incidental detection of SLE-associated pancreatitis by protein leakage scintigraphy.
Migration and proliferation drive the emergence of patterns in co-cultures of differentiating vascular progenitor cells
Authors: Alvarado Jose E. Zamora , McCloskey Kara E. , Gopinathan Ajay
Published: August 2024

Vascular cells self-organize into unique structures guided by cell proliferation, migration, and/or differentiation from neighboring cells, mechanical factors, and/or soluble signals. However, the relative contribution of each of these factors remains unclear. Our objective was to develop a computational model to explore the different factors affecting the emerging micropatterns in 2D. This was accomplished by developing a stochastic on-lattice population-based model starting with vascular progenitor cells with the potential to proliferate, migrate, and/or differentiate into either endothelial cells or smooth muscle cells. The simulation results yielded patterns that were qualitatively and quantitatively consistent with experimental observations. Our results suggested that post-differentiation cell migration and proliferation when balanced could generate between 30–70% of each cell type enabling the formation of vascular patterns. Moreover, the cell-to-cell sensing could enhance the robustness of this patterning. These findings computationally supported that 2D patterning is mechanistically similar to current microfluidic platforms that take advantage of the migration-directed self-assembly of mature endothelial and mural cells to generate perfusable 3D vasculature in permissible hydrogel environments and suggest that stem or progenitor cells may not be fully necessary components in many tissue formations like those formed by vasculogenesis.
Exploring the Intersectionality of Extended Reality
Authors: Viswanathan Niranchana Shri
Published: August 2024

This research delves into the multifaceted realm of extended reality (XR) and its transformative influence across various disciplines, aiming to unveil its diverse applications and profound implications for enhancing the human experience. By examining XR's intersectionality with fields such as education, healthcare, entertainment, and communication, this study seeks to illuminate the ways in which immersive technologies redefine traditional boundaries and foster innovative approaches to problem-solving. Through an in-depth analysis of XR's integration into these domains, the research explores the potential societal, psychological, and economic benefits, as well as the ethical considerations that accompany this technological paradigm shift. The findings of this study contribute to a holistic understanding of XR's role in shaping the future of human interaction, cognition, and engagement across disciplines, offering valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers navigating the evolving landscape of immersive technologies.
Leveraging Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Enhanced Security in Smart Grids
Authors: Sadik Serif Ali
Published: August 2024

Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors have emerged as a promising technology for enhancing the monitoring and maintenance of smart grid systems. In this study, a comprehensive simulation-based investigation into the application of FBG sensors for monitoring critical components of the smart grid infrastructure, including high-voltage transmission towers, insulators, and overhead lines was presented. A wavelength division multiplexed FBG sensor network was designed and deployed to capture key parameters such as strain, temperature, and sag, enabling real-time monitoring and early detection of potential issues. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of FBG sensors in accurately detecting changes in these parameters, with high sensitivity and reliability. The findings of this study underscore the importance of FBG sensors in enhancing the reliability, efficiency, and resilience of smart grid systems, paving the way for their widespread adoption in modern power networks.
Empowering Industry 5.0
Authors: Singha Surjit
Published: August 2024

This chapter investigates how educational methodologies can equip workers for the digital era by examining the convergence of STEM education and Industry 5.0. It explores contemporary developments in STEM education, such as incorporating advanced technologies and integrating renewable energy concepts, by drawing on theoretical frameworks of learning and innovation. The results indicate that educational institutions and industries should forge stronger alliances to resolve emerging skill demands. The consequences include promoting global competence and the importance of perpetual learning in sustaining Industry 5.0.
Mapping Green Infrastructure Harnessing OSM Data for Sustainable Development
Authors: Ahmad Munir
Published: August 2024

The chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of global studies on urban green spaces (UGS), highlighting their diverse methodologies and findings. Spanning countries such as the USA, Kenya, Germany, Finland, Portugal, China, Brazil, Belgium, Ukraine, Norway, Spain, South Africa, and many more, these studies underscore the pivotal role of UGS in enhancing urban quality of life, addressing socio-economic disparities, and mitigating environmental challenges. Utilizing approaches such as citizen science mapping, spatial analysis, and socio-economic assessments, the research emphasizes the importance of equitable UGS access, efficient urban planning, and community engagement. Furthermore, the findings offer policy recommendations aimed at optimizing UGS provision, enhancing accessibility, and integrating green infrastructure into urban development strategies. This research highlights the worldwide importance of UGS and provides crucial insights for policymakers, planners, and communities aiming for healthier, more sustainable cities.
Social Emotional Learning Strategies in Higher Education
Authors: Vetrivel S. C. , Arun V. P. , Saravanan T. P. , Maheswari R.
Published: August 2024

Social emotional learning (SEL) has gained increasing recognition as a vital component of education, particularly in the context of higher education institutions. This chapter provides a detailed overview of the key concepts, strategies, and implications of integrating SEL into higher education settings. Social emotional learning encompasses a range of skills and competencies that enable individuals to understand and manage their emotions, develop positive interpersonal relationships, and make responsible decisions. In the higher education landscape, the focus on SEL strategies has emerged as a response to the evolving needs of students and the recognition that academic success is closely intertwined with emotional well-being. This chapter explores the foundational principles of SEL and its relevance in higher education, emphasizing the positive impact on students' personal and academic development.
Teacher Educators and Technology Integration With Preservice Teachers
Authors: Urbina Brooke , Statti Aubrey , Torres Kelly M.
Published: August 2024

The mission of this chapter is to provide teachers with the knowledge and benefits of utilizing the TPACK framework and the SAMR model to guide the use of technology, so they can empower students for the digital age, through primarily focusing on the importance of the role of teacher educators in the training of preservice teachers. To overcome deficiencies in skills, knowledge, and abilities related to the instruction of technology integration, the focus for preparation should be turned to the teacher educators themselves. Combining the constructivist theory with the TPaCK framework, the study aimed to make a connection to the relevance of this theoretical framework in conjunction with technology integration to adequately prepare preservice teachers for the classroom. Overall, the study found that gaps exist among consistency of skills in teacher educators when it comes to technology integration, and a need to close this gap was clearly identified, defining it is the responsibility of the university teacher educator faculty to ensure that happens.
Exploring Factors Contributing to a Failure Rate in Bachelor of Nursing Science Programme in Namibia
Authors: Ashipala Daniel Opotamutale , Sakeus David N.
Published: August 2024

Academic failure among tertiary students remains a worldwide phenomenon, yet the extent of these failures and their precipitating factors are not well understood. In Namibia, factors that contribute to the failure rate in the Bachelor of Nursing Science degree are not extensively researched. The objectives of this chapter are thus to assess and describe the factors that contribute to the failure rate in the Bachelor of Nursing Science degree at a Namibian university. This chapter's findings revealed that the poor academic performance of students in the Bachelor of Nursing degree is influenced by personal factors, such as a lack of interest and absenteeism, as well as academic factors, such as inadequate curriculum content, ineffective teaching methods, the rarity of some procedures, and inappropriate attitudes amongst some registered nurses.
Biometric Authentication and Theft Alert System for Motorcycles Using IoT
Authors: Goilkar Suhasini Shashikant , Prasad Somarouthu V. G. V. A. , Madhu P. , Goilkar Shashikant Shripatrao , Chandra Saurabh
Published: August 2024

An important development in theft prevention and user convenience is the incorporation of IoT technology and biometric authentication into motorcycle security systems. The conventional key-based systems that offer real-time monitoring and alarms can be replaced by biometric systems. Biometric authentication—which makes use of fingerprint scanners or facial recognition cameras—improves user experience and security by doing away with the need for keys or passwords, and IoT technology tracks motorcycle movements that aren't normal, allowing for real-time notifications through a smartphone app in the event of theft. Manufacturers can better understand user behavior and improve product features through the gathering and analysis of data on usage patterns, environmental conditions, and security breaches. This process improves security systems.
Empowering Virtual Machine-Controlled and AI-Controlled Robots for Transportation in the Manufacturing Industry
Authors: M. K. Ranganatha Swamy , Poreddy Bharath Kumar Reddy , Sharmila L. , Rajesha N. , Anand M. Clement Joe , Boopathi Sampath
Published: August 2024

The incorporation of robotic systems in manufacturing with artificial intelligence (AI), emphasizing sustainable practices, have been addressed in this chapter. It emphasizes how manufacturing processes have been optimized, resource consumption can be decreased, and environmental stewardship can be encouraged through the deployment of AI-controlled robots in virtual environments. It also draws attention to the difficulties and possibilities involved in fusing virtual machine control systems with AI-controlled robots. It highlights the necessity of teamwork, ongoing innovation, and strategic planning. Production companies can fully realize the potential of AI-driven sustainable production by investing in personnel upskilling and embracing a forward-thinking attitude.
AI-Driven Service Marketing
Authors: Berry Karan , Singh Amrik
Published: August 2024

This chapter explores the transformative impact of AI on service marketing, focusing on practical applications, benefits, and probable challenges. It also reviews previous empirical research and industry examples which elaborate upon the processes that improve client engagement, contentment, and loyalty through personalized recommendations and smooth service delivery. Although AI-driven service marketing has the ability to improve operational workflows while cutting expenses and raising output, certain ethical concerns and challenges like data privacy, bias mitigation, strategic oversight, complex problem solving, customer relationship, and creative innovation require human intervention. This meticulous comprehension provides insightful information for academicians, business executives, and brand strategists, regarding the significance of incorporating AI into marketing plans in order to satisfy changing customer demands and facilitate sustained growth of the organization.
A Theoretical Perspective on AI's Transformative Role in the Health Insurance Sector
Authors: Thakur Jatin , Kansra Pooja
Published: August 2024

The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the health insurance industry can significantly improve access, efficiency, and equity. This chapter explores the foundation and potential impact of AI in reshaping the landscape of the health insurance industry. By investigating how AI is used in processing claims, detecting fraud, and improving customer service, this chapter highlighted the potential for AI to transform the industry. By making claim processing more efficient, reducing errors, and improving fraud detection abilities, AI offers the promise of enhancing effectiveness, precision, and risk mitigation. Moreover, AI's involvement in delivering customer service through chatbots indicates a move towards responsive interactions. The study ponders paths envisioning AI's progression towards ethical, transparent, and fair health insurance systems. Ultimately, this theoretical viewpoint offers guidance to stakeholders navigating the interplay between AI advancement and the evolution of health insurance paradigms.
Understanding Artificial Intelligence Adoption in Tourism Services and Marketing
Authors: Maheshwari Nimisha , Singh Vipin , Singh Amrik , Ansari Amjad Imam
Published: August 2024

The technological advancements rapid expansion has led to myriad contrivances, which substantiates to be immensely utilitarian. Artificial intelligence is ambivalent (i.e., beneficial and detrimental). In this chapter, the authors explore the pros and cons of adopting artificial intelligence in tourism service marketing and how AI is captivating tourism industry. Service marketing is a subset of marketing that specifically applies to the service industries. Travel agencies, tour operators, hotel and restaurant services, tourist guides, and other associated services are all considered to be part of the tourism industry stated by WTO. The authors ascertain the employ of artificial intelligence in travel and tourism services as losing and gaining of jobs and opportunities milieu of integrated development in tourism service industry and conclude the changes of tourism service marketing in context of opportunities and obstacles with artificial intelligence.
A remark on solutions to semilinear equations with Robin boundary conditions
Authors: Celentano Antonio , Masiello Alba Lia , Paoli Gloria
Published: August 2024

Symmetry properties of solutions to elliptic quasilinear equations have been widely studied in the context of Dirichlet boundary conditions. We show that, in the context of Robin boundary conditions, the symmetry property á la Gidas, Ni, and Nirenberg does not hold in dimension

n\geq 2

, even for superharmonic functions, and we provide an explicit example.
Обратная задача для $L$-оператора пары Лакса уравнения Буссинеска
на окружности
Authors: Badanin Andrey Vasil'evich , Korotyaev Evgeny Leonidovich
Published: August 2024

Рассматривается несамосопряженный оператор 3-го порядка,
являющийся $L$-оператором в паре Лакса для уравнения Буссинеска на
окружности. Построено отображение множества коэффициентов оператора
в множество спектральных данных, аналогичное соответствующему
отображению для оператора Хилла, построенному Е. Л. Коротяевым. Доказано, что в окрестности нуля наше отображение аналитично и
взаимно однозначно.
Плоские гиперкомплексные нильмногообразия $\mathbb H$-разрешимы
Authors: Gorginyan Yulia Ashotovna
Published: August 2024

Пусть $\mathbb H$ - алгебра кватернионов, порожденная $I,J$ и $K$. Будем говорить, что гиперкомплексная нильпотентная алгебра Ли $\mathfrak g$ является $\mathbb H$-разрешимой, если существует последовательность $\mathbb H$-инвариантных подалгебр, содержащих $\mathfrak g_{i+1}=[\mathfrak g_i,\mathfrak g_i]$,
$$
\mathfrak g=\mathfrak g_0\supset\mathfrak g_1^{\mathbb H}\supset\mathfrak g_2^{\mathbb H}\supset\cdots\supset\mathfrak g_{k-1}^{\mathbb H}\supset\mathfrak g_k^{\mathbb H}=0
$$
такая, что $[\mathfrak g_i^{\mathbb H},\mathfrak g_i^{\mathbb H}]\subset\mathfrak g^{\mathbb H}_{i+1}$ и $\mathfrak g_{i+1}^{\mathbb H}=\mathbb H[\mathfrak g_i^{\mathbb H},\mathfrak g_i^{\mathbb H}]
$.
Пусть $N=\Gamma\setminus G$ - гиперкомплексное нильмногообразие с плоской связностью Обаты и $\mathfrak g=\operatorname{Lie}(G)$. Тогда алгебра Ли $\mathfrak g=\operatorname{Lie}(G)$ является $\mathbb H$-разрешимой.
Colonic schistosomiasis mimicking cancer, polyp, and inflammatory bowel disease: Five case reports and review of literature
Authors: Mulate Sebhatleab T , Nur Abdulsemed M , Tasamma Abel T , Annose Rodas T , Dawud Esmael M , Ekubazgi Kinfe W , Mekonnen Hailemichael D , Mohammed Hidaya Y , Hailemeskel Meron B , Yimer Shimelis A
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Schistosomiasis, officially named as a neglected tropical disease by The World Health Organization, is a serious parasitic disease caused by trematode flukes of the genus Schistosoma . It is a common infectious disease, endemic in more than 78 countries. The disease can involve various organs and poses far-reaching public health challenges.

CASE SUMMARY

Here, we present a series of five patients with variable presentations: an asymptomatic patient who was diagnosed with colonic schistosomiasis upon screening colonoscopy; 2 patients with clinical suspicion of colonic cancer; and 2 patients with a clinical diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. All patients were subsequently confirmed to have colonic schistosomiasis after colonoscopy and histopathologic examination. The clinical manifestations, colonoscopy features and histologic findings of the patients are described. Most of the patients showed significant clinical improvement following administration of oral praziquantel.

CONCLUSION

Intestinal schistosomiasis can present with features mimicking other gastrointestinal conditions. This disease should be a diagnostic consideration in patients who live in or have traveled to endemic areas.
Heterotopic mesenteric ossification caused by trauma: A case report
Authors: Zhang Bi-Fang , Liu Jiang , Zhang Shuai , Chen Ling , Lu Jia-Zheng , Zhang Ming-Qing
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Heterotopic mesenteric ossification (HMO) is a clinically rare condition characterized by the formation of bone tissue in the mesentery. The worldwide reporting of such cases is limited to just over 70 instances in the medical literature. The etiology of HMO remains unclear, but the disease is possibly induced by mechanical trauma, ischemia, or intra-left lower quadrant abdominal infection, leading to the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts. Here, we present a rare case of HMO that occurred in a 34-year-old male, who presented with left lower quadrant abdominal pain.

CASE SUMMARY

We report the case of a 34-year-old male patient who presented with left lower abdominal pain following trauma to the left lower abdomen. He subsequently underwent surgical treatment, and the postoperative pathological diagnosis was HMO.

CONCLUSION

We believe that although there is limited literature and research on HMO, when patients with a history of trauma or surgery to the left lower abdomen present with corresponding imaging findings, clinicians should be vigilant in distinguishing this condition and promptly selecting appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.
Pediatric septic shock estimation using deep learning and electronic medical records
Authors: Lee Ji Weon , Lee Bongjin , Park June Dong
Published: August 2024

Background: Diagnosing pediatric septic shock is difficult due to the complex and often impractical traditional criteria, such as systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), which result in delays and higher risks. This study aims to develop a deep learning-based model using SIRS data for early diagnosis in pediatric septic shock cases.Methods: The study analyzed data from pediatric patients (<18 years old) admitted to a tertiary hospital from January 2010 to July 2023. Vital signs, lab tests, and clinical information were collected. Septic shock cases were identified using SIRS criteria and inotrope use. A deep learning model was trained and evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) and area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC). Variable contributions were analyzed using the Shapley additive explanation value.Results: The analysis, involving 9,616,115 measurements, identified 34,696 septic shock cases (0.4%). Oxygen supply was crucial for 41.5% of the control group and 20.8% of the septic shock group. The final model showed strong performance, with an AUROC of 0.927 and AUPRC of 0.879. Key influencers were age, oxygen supply, sex, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide, while body temperature had minimal impact on estimation.Conclusions: The proposed deep learning model simplifies early septic shock diagnosis in pediatric patients, reducing the diagnostic workload. Its high accuracy allows timely treatment, but external validation through prospective studies is needed.
Toward Safety-Critical Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Based Embedded
Automotive Systems
Authors: Blazevic Romana , Veledar Omar , Stolz Michael , Macher Georg
Published: August 2024

The rise of AI models across diverse domains includes promising advancements, but
also poses critical challenges. In particular, establishing trust in AI-based
systems for mission-critical applications is challenging for most domains. For
the automotive domain, embedded systems are operating in real-time and
undertaking mission-critical tasks. Ensuring dependability attributes,
especially safety, of these systems remains a predominant challenge.

This article focuses on the application of AI-based systems in safety-critical
contexts within automotive domains. Drawing from current standardization
methodologies and established patterns for safe application, this work offers a
reflective analysis, emphasizing overlaps and potential avenues to put AI-based
systems into practice within the automotive landscape. The core focus lies in
incorporating pattern concepts, fostering the safe integration of AI in
automotive systems, with requirements described in standardization and topics
discussed by AI working groups.

This article aims to provide a concept on leveraging AI-based systems while
addressing safety concerns within the automotive sector and current versions of
related standards. The proposed approach explores synergies and highlights
pathways for the utilization of AI-based systems within safety-critical
automotive applications.
Test Cycle Simulation of Bench Based on Deep Reinforcement
Learning
Authors: Gong Xiaohao , Li Xu , Hu Xiong , Li Wenli
Published: August 2024

Test cycle simulation is an essential part of the vehicle-in-the-loop test, and
the deep reinforcement learning algorithm model is able to accurately control
the drastic change of speed during the simulated vehicle driving process. In
order to conduct a simulated cycle test of the vehicle, a vehicle model
including driver, battery, motor, transmission system, and vehicle dynamics is
established in MATLAB/Simulink. Additionally, a bench load simulation system
based on the speed-tracking algorithm of the forward model is established.
Taking the driver model action as input and the vehicle gas/brake pedal opening
as the action space, the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm is
used to update the entire model. This process yields the dynamic response of the
output end of the bench model, ultimately producing the optimal intelligent
driver model to simulate the vehicle’s completion of the World Light Vehicle
Test Cycle (WLTC) on the bench. The results indicate that the algorithm exhibits
good convergence in the simulation, throughout the WLTC simulation, the driver
always kept the vehicle speed error within 1 km/h, and the response time is less
than 0.5 s under the vehicle’s starting condition. In comparison to the PID
control algorithm and the model predictive control (MPC) algorithm, it
demonstrates smaller speed error and response time, ensuring accuracy, high
efficiency, and safety during the indoor vehicle-in-the-loop test.
The Six-way Approach to Coming up with a Medical Research Idea
Authors: Nurani Khulud , Kipkorir Vincent , Kigera James
Published: August 2024

No Abstract
Is There a Role of Lavage in Peritoneal Tuberculosis?
Authors: Patel Tejal Pareshkumar , Aruyar Stanley Mwenda , Karau Paul Bundi
Published: August 2024

Abdominal tuberculosis (TB), an extrapulmonary manifestation of TB, can present with nonspecific symptoms that may resemble an  acute surgical abdomen or abdominal malignancy. Peritoneal tuberculosis/TB peritonitis, typically manifests with abdominal pain, abdominal distension (possibly due to ascites), weight loss, and night sweats. We present two cases of peritoneal TB where patients  exhibited abdominal distension and weight loss with features suggestive of intestinal obstruction or an abdominal malignancy. They were initially treated with standard anti-TB medication (RHZE regimen), but showed no improvement. However, after undergoing  laparotomy and lavage, resulting in reduced focus of infection, they responded well to the 6-month course of anti-TB medication. The current management approach for abdominal TB recommends a 6-month regimen of anti-TB medication. Despite the lack of initial  response to anti-TB medication, the substantial improvement observed when initiating anti-TB treatment after peritoneal lavage  indicates its potential benefit in such patients. Further research is needed to explore this question.
Efficacy of the Mannheim Peritonitis Index in Predicting the Prognosis of Small Intestinal Perforation: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Singh Seleena , Kedage Vijayendra , Ubarle Manasa , Shenoy Kallya Rajgopal
Published: August 2024

Background: A common emergency faced by surgeons is that of small bowel perforation. Despite advancements in medicine,  perforation peritonitis still carries a mortality rate of about 10%. The Mannheim Peritonitis Index (MPI) is a tool developed to help  prognosticate patients on arrival and direct timely intervention. Most of the studies done previously included all the causes for peritonitis  in general. Our hypothesis was that MPI can help grade patients with small intestinal perforation, and based on this scoring, appropriate  intensive care can be given early in the course of admission. This would reduce the morbidity and mortality.
Methods: In this retrospective, observational study, details regarding 105 patients including their history, examination, and intraoperative findings,  laboratory data, and outcomes were collected. Their MPI score was correlated with the outcomes to identify significant prognosticating  factors for poor outcomes.
Results: In our study, an MPI score of 29 could predict mortality with a sensitivity of 63% and a specificity of  65% and morbidity with a sensitivity of 48.57% and a specificity of 77%.
Conclusion: MPI is a simple and fairly accurate tool in predicting morbidity and mortality among patients with small intestinal perforations.
Influence of technological trends in the automobile industry on the information seeking behaviour of mechanics in Ghana
Authors: Asare Comfort Akosua Boatemaa , Adu Theresa Larteley , Mills Nathaniel Leslie Akwei
Published: August 2024

The purpose of the study was to determine how information and communications technologies influence the information seeking behaviour of artisans in the automobile industry in Ghana. Questionnaires made up of open- and closed-ended questions were used to collect data from 206 artisans in the automobile industry from the Ga North, Ga East as well as the Madina municipalities within the Greater Accra Region, Ghana, which have high population of mechanics. The low educational background of most mechanics in the information seeking and application of information to problem solving, affected their operations. Most mechanics had on the-job-training instead of formal training, which informed their poor ICT skills relevant in their field of work. The high cost of relevant technology tools also demotivated most mechanics from acquiring them for their work. The use of ICT tools plays a major role in the activities of artisans in the current state of the automobile industry worldwide, and there is the need for governments to collaborate ith some state agencies and non-governmental organizations in ensuring that these artisans are given the needed support in ICT training to make them more relevant in the discharge of their duties.
Information repackaging: Investigating translation strategies of Nollywood movie titles in Kiswahili
Authors: Marjie Sarah
Published: August 2024

Many Nollywod movies have found their way into the Kiswahili film industry. To own the movies and make them easily absorbed into the local movie markets in Kiswahili-speaking communities, the movies usually require one of two translation strategies: voiceover /dubbing or subtitling. This study seeks to investigate the various translation strategies used in translating Nollywood movie titles into Kiswahili for the purposes of information repackaging. For this study, fifty (50) Nollywood movie titles translated into Kiswahili were analyzed through a purposive sampling method where each title was reviewed. The films collected from 2019-2021 were purposely sampled with dubbing or voiceovers as the central premise for their selection. The equivalence theory propounded by Nida (1964) was used to guide this study, positing that there is ordinarily no full equivalence between code units or two languages. To this end, titling as an art of translation is expected to render the messages of a source text with minimal variations. Juxtaposing the Nollywood movie titles to those of their Kiswahili equivalents, the research found that translation ellipses, translation transference- borrowing, codeswitching, literal translations, insertion and paraphrasing were the most commonly used strategies for the titles. This could be attributed to the variations between Kiswahili and English, as well as the fact that movie titling (as far as this study is concerned) does not have any strict rules regarding word limit. Furthermore, the new titles were found to be more straightforward and catchy and depict the storyline of the movie. It is also evident from the study that the translators lacked the requisite skills for effective translation. The study argues that the connection between translation strategies of Nollywood movie titles and their adaptation in Kiswahili is for the purposes of information repackaging.
Contribution of corporate capital structure on compliance to forestry law in Cameroon
Authors: Nchacham Charles Ndifon , Biye Elvire , Tchapda Charly , Bah Kenneth
Published: August 2024

The need to understand the persistence of unsustainable forest logging within existing titles can provide ample knowledge on this  practice, hence setting a reference base required to design appropriate strategy to counter illegal logging practices. The main objective  of this research was to model algorithms to determine the overall effect of corporate capital structure on the compliance to forestry law  by quoted logging companies in Cameroon. Primary and secondary data used for the research was collected directly from 40 logging  companies found in the Lom and Djerem, Ocean and Upper Sanaga Divisions. Data collected from secured documents on species logged  and volume, corporate data on debt rates, equity, company age and size were all obtained during interviews with responsible personnel.  Information on logging offenses and their frequency of occurrence was btained from both the centralized and decentralized services of  the Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife. Other existing research documents from other stakeholders were exploited. Collected data was  entered into an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using R. Capital structure is observed to significantly influence sustainable forest   management performance in the Cameroonian forest logging industry at a 0.01 level of significance.