bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial Disorientation Scenarios for the AW159 Helicopter Within a Synthetic Training Environment
Authors: Bushby Alaistair J. R. , Gaydos Steven J.
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND: Spatial disorientation (SD) remains a stubborn and formidable challenge among rotary wing (RW) aircrews, particularly during times of high workload and deceptive visual cues. With tri-Service agreement, British RW Forces employ a layered training approach that now includes simulator-based immersive scenarios.

METHODS: Ten bespoke RW SD training scenarios were developed for the AW159 Wildcat helicopter simulator by a multidisciplinary team. Scenarios were embedded within advanced training packages that were not solely focused on SD. A voluntary, anonymous survey instrument was distributed post-SD sortie to assess hazard awareness, training effectiveness, role and mission relevance, and perceived ability to respond to future SD threat. A corresponding assessment from the simulator instructor was used for independent determination if the crew became disoriented during the training.

RESULTS: Over a 6-mo training cycle, 69 surveys were completed. Seven-point Likert-scale assessments yielded elevated median scores (6.0, respectively) across all four categories, suggesting favorable aircrew perceptions of training objective success. Elevated scoring of previous SD training received suggests good penetrance among the RW community surveyed. Of all sorties flown, the majority of aircrew (68%) became disoriented at some point during the sortie.

DISCUSSION: This report provides limited evidence in support of bespoke SD training scenarios within a synthetic training environment. The merits include flexible ability to address root causes, provision of an interactive and immersive environment, and compatibility with extant tactics and mission configurations. SD simulator-based training can serve as an important component of a layered, multimodal approach.

Bushby AJR, Gaydos SJ. Spatial disorientation scenarios for the AW159 helicopter within a synthetic training environment. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2023; 94(5):377–383.
Skin Pathology Prevalence in Deployed Fighter Aircrew Using Custom Molded Hearing Protection
Authors: Strawbridge Phillip A , Steinkraus Lawrence W. , Girsch Rachel M.
Published: April 2023

INTRODUCTION: During a deployment of a fighter unit, aircrew began to exhibit ear discomfort and episodes of auricular irritation and ulceration. All affected were using the Attenuating Custom Communications Earpiece System (ACCES). Discomfort was previously discussed in the literature, but neither the prevalence of discomfort nor the occurrence of skin ulcerations had been previously described.

METHODS: An anonymous paper questionnaire was used with three fighter squadrons while deployed in 2019. A total of 59 aircrew in the F-15C/E and F-16 airframes participated; aircrew not using ACCES were excluded.

RESULTS: Response rate was 57.3%, spread evenly among airframes, with 78% being pilots. A majority of respondents (79.7%) stated they had ACCES problems in the deployed setting. Among those noting problems in the deployed setting, 89% reported ear discomfort and a smaller portion reported skin redness, erosion, and bleeding.

DISCUSSION: This study was able to provide a small sample estimate of the prevalence of ear problems among fighter aircrew ACCES users while deployed. This sample exhibited an increase in prevalence of ear discomfort during the deployment. It also showed pathological features absent in home-station flying, such as skin redness and erosion. However, the sample size and study design prevented risk factor characterization, confounder control, or causal inference. While ACCES may contribute to these problems, other confounders such as air characteristics, recall bias, aircrew motivation to report problems, and baseline dermatologic pathology could not be excluded. This data should serve as a baseline for larger studies, which are better equipped for confounder control and assessment of other potential risk factors.

Strawbridge PA, Steinkraus LW, Girsch RM. Skin pathology prevalence in deployed fighter aircrew using custom molded hearing protection. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2023; 94(5):396–399.
Gambaran Asupan Zat Gizi Makro dan Status Gizi Remaja SMA di Kota Surakarta
Authors: Widiastuti Anggun Oktavia , Widyaningsih Endang Nur
Published: April 2023

Food intake is a direct factor that can affect the nutritional status of adolescents. Imbalance of food intake will cause nutritional problems in adolescents. The survey results from two senior high schools showed that 16.46% of adolescents were overweight. This study aims to determine the description of macronutrient intake with nutritional status of high school adolescents in the city of Surakarta. This type of research uses observational research with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study were teenagers in class XI and XII as many as 943 students. Sampling by simple random sampling method with a sample of 88 students. Food intake data was obtained by food recall 3x24 hours, namely 2 weekdays and 1 weekend with the method of 1 day direct interview and 2 days via whatsapp, food intake data was processed using NutriSurvei 2007 software. Nutritional status data was obtained based on anthropometric measurements, namely weight weighing using digital weight scales and measurement of height with microtoice, nutritional status assessment parameters using Body Mass Index according to Age (BMI/U). The results showed that most of the intake of carbohydrates (73.9%), fat (64.8%) and protein (52.3%) of adolescents were included in the category of weight deficit. As many as 14.8% of adolescents have abnormal nutritional status. Respondents with poor intake of protein, fat and carbohydrates showed more abnormal nutritional status. Adolescents must pay attention to the adequacy of fat intake so that it is balanced with daily needs.
Hubungan Pelayanan Gizi, Kualitas Makanan, dan Konseling Terhadap Kepuasan Pasien di RSUD Balaraja
Authors: Aliyah Fatkul , Khasanah Tri Ardianti
Published: April 2023

Nutrition services as part of hospital services have a very important role that affecting patient confidence. The purpose of this research was to identify the association between the quality of nutrition service, food quality, and nutritional counseling toward patient satisfaction at Balaraja Hospital. This was analytical research with a cross-sectional design. The number of research samples was 122 subjects. Data were collected through questionnaires which included questions such as patient’s identity, quality of nutrition service, food quality, nutritional counseling, and patient satisfaction. The questionnaire was given in the form of questions and answers in the form of a Likert scale. Data analysis was done by using a statistical test using Chi-Square with the level of significance of ? = 0,05. The results of a statistical test to determine the relationship between the quality of service provided by officers (reliability) with patient satisfaction obtained a value of p = 0,001. The relationship between the service quality of officers (responsiveness) with patient satisfaction showed a value of p = 0,04. The relationship between the quality of service provided by officers (assurance) and patient satisfaction obtained a value of p = 0,001. Statistical test results to determine the relationship between food quality with patient satisfaction received a value of p = 0,004. The results of statistical tests were carried out to determine the relationship between nutritional consultation with patient satisfaction, obtaining a value of p = 0,007. There is a relationship between nutrition services, food quality, and nutritional counseling on patient satisfaction.
Hubungan Karakteristik Keluarga dengan Status Gizi (BB/TB) Anak Usia 6-24 Bulan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Titi Papan Kota Medan
Authors: Rukmana Erni , Purba Rasita , Nurfazriah Latifah Rahman , Purba Edy Marjuang , Fransiari Muhammad Edwin
Published: April 2023

The nutritional status of children under five is an indicator of healthy growth in the community. Indicators of nutritional status of body weight according to height are to identify the poor, malnourished, good, and obese nutritional status. Nutritional status is influenced by individual and family characteristics. The purpose of this study to analyzed the relationship between family characteristics and the nutritional status of children aged 6-24 months in the working area of the Titi Papan Public Health Center, Medan City.  This research method used a cross-sectional design and was carried out from June to July 2022. The sampling technique used random sampling as many as 98 children aged 6-24 months. The independent variables of this study were age, birth weight, birth length, family size, and family income. The dependent variable of this study was nutritional status based on weight according to height. Spearman test was used to determine the correlation between the independent and dependent variables. The results of the study were significant relationship of nutritional status between birth weight (p=0.04) and family size (p=0.02). The size of the family related to the growth and development of children, so it was the important information for publicity that there was relationship between family characteristics and nutritional status. Therefore, birth weight related to children nutritional status based on index of weight for height.
‘Strange Growths’?: Jean Rhys’s Second World War Material
Authors: Thomas Sue
Published: April 2023

Jean Rhys’s stories ‘Temps Perdi’ (1967), ‘I Spy the Stranger’ (1966), ‘A Solid House,’ (1963), and ‘The Insect World’ (1973) do not figure in current scholarship on Second World War fiction. Versions of the first three were offered for publication in 1946. Rhys began writing ‘The Insect World’ in the mid-1940s. Rhys’s perspective in the fiction is that of an expatriate white Creole from Dominica, an island with formative Indigenous and French and British imperial histories. Focusing on ‘The Insect World’, ‘I Spy a Stranger’, and ‘Temps Perdi’, I analyse Rhys’s representations of temporalities of memory, ruin, loss of bearings, and hallucination and draw out the distinctive significance of the complex allusive and political reach of the fiction.
Öğretmenlerin Örgütsel Adalet Davranışlarına İlişkin Algılarının Örgütsel Bağlılıklarına Etkisi: Bir Meta-Analiz Çalışması
Authors: UĞURLU Celal Teyyar , KAPLAN İzzet
Published: April 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı; öğretmenlerin örgütsel adalet davranışlarına ilişkin algılarının örgütsel bağlılık davranışlarına etkisi meta analiz çalışması ile tespit edebilmektir. Türkiye’de örgütsel adalet ve örgütsel bağlılık arasındaki ilişkisel çalışmaların birlikte değerlendirildiği bir çalışma bütünsel değerlendirme yapma fırsatını sunabilir. Yönetici ve uygulayıcılara yol gösterici bakış açısı kazandırabilir. Araştırmanın yöntemi: Bu çalışma, öğretmenlerin örgütsel adalet davranışlarına ilişkin algılarının örgütsel bağlılık davranışlarına etkisini tespit edebilmek için meta analiz yöntemi ile yürütülmüştür. Bu çalışmada, doktora tezleri, yüksek lisans tezleri ve hakemli bilimsel dergilerdeki makaleler analize dâhil edilmiştir. Araştırmada 2010-2018 yılları arasında yazılmış örgütsel adalet ve örgütsel bağlılık ilişkisine yönelik iki kavram arasındaki korelasyonu ortaya koymaktır. Tarama sonucunda toplam 17 adet çalışmaya ulaşılmıştır. Bunların 5’i makale 12’si de yüksek lisans ve doktora tezleridir. Önceden belirlenen kodlama anahtarına uygun olarak toplam 17 çalışma analize dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgular: Örgütsel adaletin örgütsel bağlılık üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koyan sonuçlarda (r= .45) orta düzeyde bir etkinin varlığından söz edilebilir. Düzenleyici değişkenlerin incelenmesi sonucunda yayın türüne göre örgütsel adaletin örgütsel bağlılık üzerinde etkisinin düzenleyici bir role sahip olduğu ve makalelerde (r= .65) güçlü; tezlerde (r=.45) ise orta düzeyde bir etki tespit edilmiştir.
SUNDANESE MARRIAGE CUSTOM IN ISLAMIC LAW PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Putri Bunga Nurwiyatin , Nawawi Ruston
Published: April 2023

This article is the result of a qualitative field research. This article discusses a series of Sundanese traditional marriages from the perspective of Islamic law. The research location is in Caringin Village, Tegal Panjang Village, Sucinarja District, Garut Regency. This study concludes that the series of Sundanese traditional wedding ceremonies are not in conflict with fiqh law. The series consists of a) pre-marriage stage; b) stage of the marriage contract; and c) post-marriage contract stage. The three sets of Sundanese marriage traditions are in harmony with the law of fiqh. This argument is built by analyzing the three series with the jurisprudence of the four schools of thought, istihsan bi maqasid al-shariah, isthsan bi al'urf, and the text of the argument.

Keywords: Sundanese traditional marria, Islamic law, urf,  maqasid shari’ah

 

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Selling Orientation – Customer Orientation (S.O.C.O): Hubungan Penerapannya Dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Pemasaran Usaha Ritel Modern di Kota Pontianak
Authors: Santika Dewi
Published: April 2023

The aim of this research for build a framework conceptual about connection from implementation of Selling Orientation and Customer Orientation (SOCO) strategies as modern retail in Pontianak City for increase marketing performance. Population in this research is modern retail outlets in Pontianak City, totaling 227 outlets. Determination technique amount sample using multivariate technique with minimum sample 50 respondents and maximum sample 80 respondents. Data collection with interview and dissemination questionnaire. The results show that selling orientation has an effect negative and significant to enhancement marketing performance, meaning if modern retail run a selling orientation strategy as well won’t automatically increase marketing performance of their business. Compare backwards with customer orientation based on multiple linear regression test and t test shows influence positive and significant in effort increase marketing performance for modern retail in Pontianak City. Conclusion show that the more good implementation of customer orientation strategy could increase marketing performance effort modern retail in Pontianak City.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun sebuah kerangka konseptual mengenai hubungan dari penerapan strategi Selling Orientation dan Customer Orientation (S.O.C.O) sebagai upaya pelaku usaha ritel di Kota Pontianak untuk meningkatkan kinerja penjualnya. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pelaku usaha ritel modern di Kota Pontianak yang berjumlah 227 gerai. Teknik penentuan jumlah sampel menggunakan Teknik multivariate dengan jumlah sampel minimum 50 responden dan jumlah sampel maksimum 80 responden. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan penyebaran kuesioner. Hasil uji regresi linier berganda dan uji t menunjukkan bahwa selling orientation berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap peningkatan kinerja pemasaran, artinya jika pelaku usaha ritel modern menjalankan strategi selling orientation tidak serta merta dapat meningkatkan kinerja pemasaran usahanya. Berbanding terbalik dengan customer orientation yang justru menunjukkan pengaruh positif dan signifikan dalam upaya meingkatkan kinerja pemasaran usaha ritel modern di Kota Pontianak. Simpulan penelitian menyatakan semakin baik penerapan strategi customer orientation maka dapat meningkatkan kinerja pemasaran usaha ritel modern di Kota Pontianak.

Kata Kunci: Selling Orientation, Customer Orientation, Kinerja Pemasaran
Effect of rhizobia inoculation and seaweed extract (Ecklonia maxima) application on the growth, symbiotic performance and nutritional content of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)
Authors: Gyogluu Wardjomto Cynthia , Mohammed Mustapha , Ngmenzuma Titus Y. , Mohale Keletso C.
Published: April 2023

Research efforts to develop alternatives to chemical-based fertilizers for sustainable crop production has led to renewed interest in beneficial soil microbes such as rhizobia and plant growth promoting biostimulants such as the seaweed (Ecklonia maxima). This study assessed the interactive effect of the co-application of seaweed extract with two Bradyrhizobium strains (Inoculant 1 and Inoculant 2) on the growth, symbiotic performance and nutritional composition of three cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) genotypes (IT97K-390-2, Songotra and TVU13998) grown under glasshouse conditions. The response of cowpea to the treatments was genotype dependent, such that the combined application of inoculant 2 plus seaweed extract increased nodule dry matter in genotype Songotra, and together with sole inoculant 2 increased the parameter in genotype IT97K-390-2, just as the inoculation plus seaweed extract treatments increased the parameter in genotype TVU13998 when compared to their respective counterparts receiving other treatments. Sole inoculation or inoculation plus seaweed extract treatments increased shoot dry matter in all varieties (2.0 to 7.2 g.plant-1) relative to the control plants receiving sole nitrate (0.5 to 1.2 g.plant-1), sole seaweed extract (0.3 g.plant-1), nitrate plus seaweed extract (1.2 to 1.6 g.plant-1) or the absolute control (0.2 g.plant-1). Due to N2 fixation in the inoculated plants, their leaf δ15N (-2.66‰ to -1.20‰) were markedly lower (p≤0.001) than values recorded by the control plants (+3.30‰ to +510‰) which had no nodules; consequently, leaf N accumulation was greater in the inoculation-based treatments (41.2 to 258.2 mg.plant-1) relative to the uninoculated controls (1.7 to 24.7 mg.plant-1). In most instances, the sole inoculation and inoculation plus seaweed extract treatments increased leaf photosynthetic rates (except for genotype TVU13998 treated with inoculant 1 + seaweed extract), water use efficiency (δ13C) (except in genotype TVU13998) and the concentrations of macro and micronutrients in leaves (except for K in Songotra treated with inoculant 1 or inoculant 1 + seaweed extract as well as Mn in TVU13998 treated with inoculant 1 among others) of the cowpeas relative to the controls. We highlight the potential benefits of the synergistic interactions between rhizobia and seaweed extract for enhancing plant growth and nutrient accumulation in cowpea leaves.
A bioassay to determine Poa annua responses to indaziflam
Authors: Pritchard Benjamin D. , Vargas Jose J. , Mahey Mohit , Brosnan James T. , Patterson Eric L.
Published: April 2023

Herbicide resistance within Poa annua is widespread in managed turfgrass systems. In 2020, a P. annua collection from a golf course in the southeastern United States was reported to be resistant to indaziflam as well as six other mode-of-action groups. This first report in 2020 suggests that turfgrass managers would benefit from a bioassay to screen other collections with putative indaziflam resistance. A dose-response experiment was conducted with ten concentrations of indaziflam (0, 250, 500, 667, 1000, 1143, 1333, 2000, 4500, and 9000 pM) in Gelrite® culture during 2021 and 2022. An herbicide-susceptible (S1) collection of P. annua, a resistant standard (Site 3A), and a collection with putative resistance to indaziflam (Site 18) were included in this experiment. Petri dishes were filled with 80 mL of Gelrite® (3.75 g L−1) containing technical grade (≥ 98%) indaziflam and rifampicin (1000 µg mL−1). Each plate was sealed with parafilm after placing 15 seeds of a single collection on the Gelrite® surface. At 14 days after seeding (DAS), the length of the radicle (mm) protruding from each seed was recorded with digital calipers. Indaziflam concentrations required to reduce root growth by 70% (EC70) were calculated via non-linear regression. Statistically significant differences were detected among P. annua collections with the EC70 values for the herbicide-susceptible collection measuring 708 pM [95% confidence interval (CI) = 656 to 764 pM] compared to 2130 pM (CI = 1770 to 2644 pM) for Site 3A and 4280 pM (CI = 3464 to 5442) for Site 18. Given that resistant collections exhibited longer root length in the absence of herbicide, confocal microscopy analysis was used to explore differences in root cell count among resistant and susceptible P. annua collections; however, few differences in cell count were detected. Overall, these findings indicate that a discriminatory dose of 708 pM (95% CI = 656 to 764 pM) can be used to differentiate among susceptible and resistant P. annua collections from field sites where poor control is observed following broadcast applications of indaziflam.
Distinct human skeletal muscle-derived CD90 progenitor subsets for myo-fibro-adipogenic disease modeling and treatment in multiplexed conditions
Authors: Li Angela , Anbuchelvan Madhavan , Fathi Amir , Abu-Zahra Maya , Evseenko Denis , Petrigliano Frank A. , Dar Ayelet
Published: April 2023

Chronic muscle injuries, such as massive rotator cuff tears, are associated with progressive muscle wasting, fibrotic scarring, and intramuscular fat accumulation. While progenitor cell subsets are usually studied in culture conditions that drive either myogenic, fibrogenic, or adipogenic differentiation, it is still unknown how combined myo-fibro-adipogenic signals, which are expected to occur in vivo, modulate progenitor differentiation. We therefore evaluated the differentiation potential of retrospectively generated subsets of primary human muscle mesenchymal progenitors in multiplexed conditions in the presence or absence of 423F drug, a modulator of gp130 signaling. We identified a novel CD90+CD56− non-adipogenic progenitor subset that maintained a lack of adipogenic potential in single and multiplexed myo-fibro-adipogenic culture conditions. CD90−CD56− demarcated fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAP) and CD56+CD90+ progenitors were typified as myogenic. These human muscle subsets exhibited varying degrees of intrinsically regulated differentiation in single and mixed induction cultures. Modulation of gp130 signaling via 423F drug mediated muscle progenitor differentiation in a dose-, induction-, and cell subset-dependent manner and markedly decreased fibro-adipogenesis of CD90−CD56− FAP. Conversely, 423F promoted myogenesis of CD56+CD90+ myogenic subset, indicated by increased myotube diameter and number of nuclei per myotube. 423F treatment eliminated FAP-derived mature adipocytes from mixed adipocytes-FAP cultures but did not modify the growth of non-differentiated FAP in these cultures. Collectively, these data demonstrate that capability of myogenic, fibrogenic, or adipogenic differentiation is largely dependent on the intrinsic features of cultured subsets, and that the degree of lineage differentiation varies when signals are multiplexed. Moreover, our tests performed in primary human muscle cultures reveal and confirm the potential triple-therapeutic effects of 423F drug which simultaneously attenuates degenerative fibrosis, fat accumulation and promotes myo-regeneration.
Is valve-sparing aortic root replacement better than total aortic root replacement? An overview of reviews
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhang Xuezhou , Shi Yong , Xu Siqi , Shi Teng , Han Xiaotian , Gu Tianxiang , Shi Enyi
Published: April 2023

Background

Total aortic root replacement (TRR) is certainly beneficial for aortic root disease, but does it still have an advantageous prognosis for patients compared to valve-sparing aortic root replacement (VSRR)? An overview of reviews was conducted to assess each of their clinical efficacy/effectiveness.

Review methods

Systematic reviews (SRs)/Meta-analyses comparing the prognosis of TRR and VSRR in aortic root surgery were collected from 4 databases, all searched from the time of database creation to October 2022. Two evaluators independently screened the literature, extracted information and applied the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) tool, Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE), and Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews (ROBIS) to evaluate the quality of reporting, methodological quality, risk of bias, and level of evidence of the included studies.

Main results

A total of 9 SRs/Meta-analyses were ultimately included. In terms of the reporting quality of the included studies, PRISMA scores ranged from 14 to 22.5, with issues mainly in reporting bias assessment, risk of study bias, credibility of evidence, protocol and registration, and funding sources. The methodological quality of the included SRs/Meta-analyses was generally low, with key items 2, 7, and 13 having major flaws and non-key items 10, 12, and 16. In terms of risk of bias assessment, the overall assessment of the included 9 studies was high-risk. The quality of the evidence was rated as low to very low quality for the three outcome indicators selected for the GRADE quality of evidence rating: early (within 30 days postoperatively or during hospitalization) mortality, late mortality, and valve reintervention rate.

Conclusions

VSRR has many benefits including reduced early and late mortality after aortic root surgery and reduced rates of valve-related adverse events, but the methodological quality of the relevant studies is low, and there is a lack of high-quality evidence to support this.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42022381330.
Multilevel comparison of deep learning models for function quantification in cardiovascular magnetic resonance: On the redundancy of architectural variations
Authors: Ammann Clemens , Hadler Thomas , Gröschel Jan , Kolbitsch Christoph , Schulz-Menger Jeanette
Published: April 2023

Background

Cardiac function quantification in cardiovascular magnetic resonance requires precise contouring of the heart chambers. This time-consuming task is increasingly being addressed by a plethora of ever more complex deep learning methods. However, only a small fraction of these have made their way from academia into clinical practice. In the quality assessment and control of medical artificial intelligence, the opaque reasoning and associated distinctive errors of neural networks meet an extraordinarily low tolerance for failure.

Aim

The aim of this study is a multilevel analysis and comparison of the performance of three popular convolutional neural network (CNN) models for cardiac function quantification.

Methods

U-Net, FCN, and MultiResUNet were trained for the segmentation of the left and right ventricles on short-axis cine images of 119 patients from clinical routine. The training pipeline and hyperparameters were kept constant to isolate the influence of network architecture. CNN performance was evaluated against expert segmentations for 29 test cases on contour level and in terms of quantitative clinical parameters. Multilevel analysis included breakdown of results by slice position, as well as visualization of segmentation deviations and linkage of volume differences to segmentation metrics via correlation plots for qualitative analysis.

Results

All models showed strong correlation to the expert with respect to quantitative clinical parameters (rz′ = 0.978, 0.977, 0.978 for U-Net, FCN, MultiResUNet respectively). The MultiResUNet significantly underestimated ventricular volumes and left ventricular myocardial mass. Segmentation difficulties and failures clustered in basal and apical slices for all CNNs, with the largest volume differences in the basal slices (mean absolute error per slice: 4.2 ± 4.5 ml for basal, 0.9 ± 1.3 ml for midventricular, 0.9 ± 0.9 ml for apical slices). Results for the right ventricle had higher variance and more outliers compared to the left ventricle. Intraclass correlation for clinical parameters was excellent (≥0.91) among the CNNs.

Conclusion

Modifications to CNN architecture were not critical to the quality of error for our dataset. Despite good overall agreement with the expert, errors accumulated in basal and apical slices for all models.
Different hemodynamic factors cause the occurrence of superior mesenteric atherosclerotic stenosis and superior mesenteric artery dissection
Authors: Mei Junhao , Ding Wei , Yu Haiyang , Zhao Xi , Xu Haoran , Wang Kai , Jia Zhongzhi , Li Benling
Published: April 2023

Objective

To compare the hemodynamic factors involved in the occurrence of superior mesenteric atherosclerotic stenosis (SMAS) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) dissection (SMAD).

Methods

Hospital records were searched to identify consecutive patients who were diagnosed with SMAS or SMAD between January 2015 and December 2021. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation method was used to assess the hemodynamic factors of the SMA in these patients. Histologic analysis was also performed on SMA specimens obtained from 10 cadavers, and scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate collagen microstructure.

Results

A total of 124 patients with SMAS and 61 patients with SMAD were included. Most SMASs were circumferentially distributed at the SMA root, whereas the origin of most SMADs was located on the anterior wall of the curved segment of the SMA. Vortex, higher turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), and lower wall shear stress (WSS) were observed near plaques; higher TKE and WSS were seen near dissection origins. The intima in the SMA root (388.5 ± 202.3 µm) was thicker than in the curved (243.8 ± 100.5 µm; p = .007) and distal (183.7 ± 88.0 µm; p < .001) segments. The media in the anterior wall (353.1 ± 37.6 µm) was thinner than that in the posterior wall (473.7 ± 142.8 µm; p = .02) in the curved segment of the SMA. The gaps in the lamellar structure in the SMA root were larger than in the curved and distal segments. The collagen microstructure was more substantially disturbed in the anterior wall than in the posterior wall in the curved segment of the SMA.

Conclusion

Different hemodynamic factors in different portions of the SMA are related to local pathological changes in the SMA wall and may lead to the occurrence of SMAS or SMAD.
Homeowner flood risk and risk reduction from home elevation between the limits of the 100- and 500-year floodplains
Authors: Al Assi Ayat , Mostafiz Rubayet Bin , Friedland Carol J. , Rohli Robert V. , Rahim Md Adilur
Published: April 2023

Floods inflict significant damage even outside the 100-year floodplain. Thus, restricting flood risk analysis to the 100-year floodplain (Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) in the United States of America) is misleading. Flood risk outside the SFHA is often underestimated because of minimal flood-related insurance requirements and regulations and sparse flood depth data. This study proposes a systematic approach to predict flood risk for a single-family home using average annual loss (AAL) in the shaded X Zone–the area immediately outside the SFHA (i.e., the 500-year floodplain), which lies between the limits of the 1.0- and 0.2-percent annual flood probability. To further inform flood mitigation strategy, annual flood risk reduction with additional elevation above an initial first-floor height (FFH0) is estimated. The proposed approach generates synthetic flood parameters, quantifies AAL for a hypothetical slab-on–grade, single-family home with varying attributes and scenarios above the slab-on-grade elevation, and compares flood risk for two areas using the synthetic flood parameters vs existing spatial interpolation-estimated flood parameters. Results reveal a median AAL in the shaded X Zone of 0.13 and 0.17 percent of replacement cost value (VR) for a one-story, single-family home without and with basement, respectively, at FFH0 and 500-year flood depth <1 foot. Elevating homes one and four feet above FFH0 substantially mitigates this risk, generating savings of 0.07–0.18 and 0.09–0.23 percent of VR for a one-story, single-family home without and with basement, respectively. These results enhance understanding of flood risk and the benefits of elevating homes above FFH0 in the shaded X Zone.
Urbanization may enhance tornado potential: A single case report
Authors: Fan Jiwen , Wang Jingyu , Lin Yun
Published: April 2023

Tornadoes pose a risk of catastrophic economic loss and casualty in the United States. Modification of land use by urbanization alters the meteorological conditions that may impact tornado formation and intensification processes. Here we explored the simulated impact of Kansas City urbanization on the tornado potential of a supercell storm. In this studied case, we found that urbanization might enhance tornado potential by a) strengthening the low-level streamwise vorticity in the storm inflow region, thus forming stronger rotating updrafts; and b) intensifying near-surface horizontal vorticity near the boundary of the forward-flank cold pool which increases the ingestion, tilting, and stretching of streamwise horizontal vorticity into vertical vorticity. The former results from the stronger east-to-west pressure perturbation gradient due to the faster, stronger outflow boundary, and the latter is mainly a result of stronger cold fronts and a better alignment of storm-relative inflow with the horizontal vorticity vector. We emphasize that our conclusions only represent one possibility of how urbanization would affect tornado potential, and a more systematic examination is needed to achieve a more general conclusion.
Unclasping potentials of genomics and gene editing in chickpea to fight climate change and global hunger threat
Authors: Singh Charul , Kumar Ramesh , Sehgal Hansa , Bhati Sharmista , Singhal Tripti , Gayacharan  , Nimmy M. S. , Yadav Renu , Gupta Santosh Kumar , Abdallah Naglaa A. , Hamwieh Aladdin , Kumar Rajendra
Published: April 2023

Genomics and genome editing promise enormous opportunities for crop improvement and elementary research. Precise modification in the specific targeted location of a genome has profited over the unplanned insertional events which are generally accomplished employing unadventurous means of genetic modifications. The advent of new genome editing procedures viz; zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), homing endonucleases, transcription activator like effector nucleases (TALENs), Base Editors (BEs), and Primer Editors (PEs) enable molecular scientists to modulate gene expressions or create novel genes with high precision and efficiency. However, all these techniques are exorbitant and tedious since their prerequisites are difficult processes that necessitate protein engineering. Contrary to first generation genome modifying methods, CRISPR/Cas9 is simple to construct, and clones can hypothetically target several locations in the genome with different guide RNAs. Following the model of the application in crop with the help of the CRISPR/Cas9 module, various customized Cas9 cassettes have been cast off to advance mark discrimination and diminish random cuts. The present study discusses the progression in genome editing apparatuses, and their applications in chickpea crop development, scientific limitations, and future perspectives for biofortifying cytokinin dehydrogenase, nitrate reductase, superoxide dismutase to induce drought resistance, heat tolerance and higher yield in chickpea to encounter global climate change, hunger and nutritional threats.
Predicting enhancer-promoter interaction based on epigenomic signals
Authors: Zheng Leqiong , Liu Li , Zhu Wen , Ding Yijie , Wu Fangxiang
Published: April 2023

Introduction: The physical interactions between enhancers and promoters are often involved in gene transcriptional regulation. High tissue-specific enhancer-promoter interactions (EPIs) are responsible for the differential expression of genes. Experimental methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive in measuring EPIs. An alternative approach, machine learning, has been widely used to predict EPIs. However, most existing machine learning methods require a large number of functional genomic and epigenomic features as input, which limits the application to different cell lines.

Methods: In this paper, we developed a random forest model, HARD (H3K27ac, ATAC-seq, RAD21, and Distance), to predict EPI using only four types of features.

Results: Independent tests on a benchmark dataset showed that HARD outperforms other models with the fewest features.

Discussion: Our results revealed that chromatin accessibility and the binding of cohesin are important for cell-line-specific EPIs. Furthermore, we trained the HARD model in the GM12878 cell line and performed testing in the HeLa cell line. The cross-cell-lines prediction also performs well, suggesting it has the potential to be applied to other cell lines.
MYBL2 alternative splicing-related genetic variants reduce the risk of triple-negative breast cancer in the Chinese population
Authors: Chen Xinyu , Feng Jin , Zhang Yuan , Liu Jiarui , Zhang Lijia , Zeng Pu , Wen Langbo , Wang Xin , Zhang Yi
Published: April 2023

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most malignant subtype of breast cancer, and studies have found an association between the Myb proto-oncogene like 2 (MYBL2) gene and TNBC development; however, the specific mechanisms underlying development remain unknown. Recent studies have reported the association of alternative splicing (AS) with cancer, providing new approaches to elucidate the carcinogenesis mechanism. This study aimed to identify MYBL2 AS-related genetic variants that influence the risk of developing TNBC, providing new ideas for probing the mechanism of TNBC and novel biomarkers for TNBC prevention.

Methods: We conducted a case-control study of 217 patients with TNBC and 401 cancer-free controls. The CancerSplicingQTL database and HSF software were used to screen for MYBL2 AS-related genetic variants. The association of sample genotypes with the risk of TNBC development and with clinicopathological features was analysed via unconditional logistic regression. Combining multiple platforms, the candidate sites were subjected to biological function analysis.

Results: Two AS-associated SNPs, rs285170 and rs405660, were identified using bioinformatics analysis. Logistic regression analysis showed that both rs285170 (OR = 0.541; 95% CI = 0.343–0.852; p = 0.008) and rs405660 (OR = 0.642; 95% CI = 0.469–0.879; p = 0.006) exhibited protective effects against TNBC under the additive model. Stratification analysis showed that these two SNPs had more significant protective effects in the Chinese population aged ≧50 years. Additionally, we found that rs405660 was associated with the risk of lymph node metastasis (OR = 0.396, 95% CI = 0.209–0.750, p = 0.005) in TNBC. Functional analysis revealed that both rs285170 and rs405660 are associated with splicing of exon 3 and that the exon 3-deleted spliceosome does not increase breast cancer risk.

Conclusion: We found for the first time that MYBL2 AS-related genetic variants are associated with reduced TNBC susceptibility in the Chinese population, especially in women aged ≧50 years.
Whole-genome selective scans detect genes associated with important phenotypic traits in goat (Capra hircus)
Authors: Wan Xing , Jing Jia-Nan , Wang Dong-Feng , Lv Feng-Hua
Published: April 2023

Goats with diverse economic phenotypic traits play an important role in animal husbandry. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying complex phenotypic traits are unclear in goats. Genomic studies of variations provided a lens to identify functional genes. In this study, we focused on the worldwide goat breeds with outstanding traits and used whole-genome resequencing data in 361 samples from 68 breeds to detect genomic selection sweep regions. We identified 210–531 genomic regions with six phenotypic traits, respectively. Further gene annotation analysis revealed 332, 203, 164, 300, 205, and 145 candidate genes corresponding with dairy, wool, high prolificacy, poll, big ear, and white coat color traits. Some of these genes have been reported previously (e.g., KIT, KITLG, NBEA, RELL1, AHCY, and EDNRA), while we also discovered novel genes, such as STIM1, NRXN1, LEP, that may be associated with agronomic traits like poll and big ear morphology. Our study found a set of new genetic markers for genetic improvement in goats and provided novel insights into the genetic mechanisms of complex traits.
Weighted gene co-expression network analysis and CIBERSORT screening of key genes related to m6A methylation in Hirschsprung’s disease
Authors: Huang Jiaqian , Chen Tingwei , Wang Junjie , Wang Zhiqiang , Huang Shungen
Published: April 2023

Hirschsprung’s disease (HSCR) is a neural crest disease that results from the failure of enteric neural crest cells (ENCCs) to migrate to the corresponding intestinal segment. The RET gene, which regulates enteric neural crest cell proliferation and migration, is considered one of the main risk factors for HSCR and is commonly used to construct HSCR mouse models. The epigenetic mechanism of m6A modification is involved in HSCR. In this study, we analyzed the GEO database (GSE103070) for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and focused on m6A–related genes. Comparing the RNA-seq data of Wide Type and RET Null, a total of 326 DEGs were identified, of which 245 genes were associated with m6A. According to the CIBERSORT analysis, the proportion of Memory B-cell in RET Null was significantly higher than that of Wide Type. Venn diagram analysis was used to identify key genes in the selected memory B-cell modules and DEGs associated with m6A. Enrichment analysis showed that seven genes were mainly involved in focal adhesion, HIV infection, actin cytoskeleton organization and regulation of binding. These findings could provide a theoretical basis for molecular mechanism studies of HSCR.
Alpha4 beta7 integrin controls Th17 cell trafficking in the spinal cord leptomeninges during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Rossi Barbara , Dusi Silvia , Angelini Gabriele , Bani Alessandro , Lopez Nicola , Della Bianca Vittorina , Pietronigro Enrica Caterina , Zenaro Elena , Zocco Carlotta , Constantin Gabriela
Published: April 2023

Th1 and Th17 cell migration into the central nervous system (CNS) is a fundamental process in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Particularly, leptomeningeal vessels of the subarachnoid space (SAS) constitute a central route for T cell entry into the CNS during EAE. Once migrated into the SAS, T cells show an active motility behavior, which is a prerequisite for cell-cell communication, in situ reactivation and neuroinflammation. However, the molecular mechanisms selectively controlling Th1 and Th17 cell trafficking in the inflamed leptomeninges are not well understood. By using epifluorescence intravital microscopy, we obtained results showing that myelin-specific Th1 and Th17 cells have different intravascular adhesion capacity depending on the disease phase, with Th17 cells being more adhesive at disease peak. Inhibition of αLβ2 integrin selectively blocked Th1 cell adhesion, but had no effect on Th17 rolling and arrest capacity during all disease phases, suggesting that distinct adhesion mechanisms control the migration of key T cell populations involved in EAE induction. Blockade of α4 integrins affected myelin-specific Th1 cell rolling and arrest, but only selectively altered intravascular arrest of Th17 cells. Notably, selective α4β7 integrin blockade inhibited Th17 cell arrest without interfering with intravascular Th1 cell adhesion, suggesting that α4β7 integrin is predominantly involved in Th17 cell migration into the inflamed leptomeninges in EAE mice. Two-photon microscopy experiments showed that blockade of α4 integrin chain or α4β7 integrin selectively inhibited the locomotion of extravasated antigen-specific Th17 cells in the SAS, but had no effect on Th1 cell intratissue dynamics, further pointing to α4β7 integrin as key molecule in Th17 cell trafficking during EAE development. Finally, therapeutic inhibition of α4β7 integrin at disease onset by intrathecal injection of a blocking antibody attenuated clinical severity and reduced neuroinflammation, further demonstrating a crucial role for α4β7 integrin in driving Th17 cell-mediated disease pathogenesis. Altogether, our data suggest that a better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms controlling myelin-specific Th1 and Th17 cell trafficking during EAE delevopment may help to identify new therapeutic strategies for CNS inflammatory and demyelinating diseases.