bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the spectrum of discrete-ordinates neutron transport problems
Authors: Curbelo Jesús Pérez
Published: June 2021

Over the last six decades, the discrete spectrum of the neutron transport operator has been widely studied. Important theoretical results can be found in the literature regarding the one-speed linear transport equation with anisotropic scattering. In this work, the discrete-ordinates (SN) transport problem with anisotropic scattering has been considered and the discrete spectrum results in multiplying media have been corroborated. The numerical results obtained for the dominant SN eigenvalues agreed with the ones for the analytic problem reported in the literature up to a triplet scattering order. A compact methodology to perform the spectral analysis to multigroup SN problems with high anisotropy order in the scattering and fission reactions is also presented in this paper.
Estimation of Absorbed Dose in Head CT scans Based on mA and mAs Modulation and Volumetric Air Kerma Index (CVOL) in Petrolina/PE, Brazil
Authors: Albuquerque Júnior Jamerson Silva de , Dos Santos Silva Ebert , Pereira Ramos Rodrigo , Aline Pessoa Oliveira Raquel
Published: June 2021

A tomografia computadorizada (TC) representa uma grande porcentagem da dose de radiação em exposições médicas. Portanto, otimizar a proteção do paciente tem sido uma prática com uma discussão importante. Este estudo tem como objetivo estimar a dose absorvida em órgãos e tecidos relevantes em tomografias computadorizadas de crânio em pacientes adultos com base na modulação automática da corrente do tubo (mA) e do produto atual-tempo (mAs) e índice de kerma no ar volumétrico (C VOL) Para tanto, esses parâmetros foram coletados durante três bimestres em duas instituições com amplo atendimento em Petrolina / PE. Um do setor privado, denominado instituição A e outro do setor público, denominado instituição B. A avaliação da dose foi realizada por meio do software de simulação CALDose_XCT. Os resultados mostraram que os valores médios de mA e mAs por bimestre foram menores na instituição A, onde o controle automático de exposição (AEC) foi ativado, seguindo as orientações de boas práticas em tomografias. O C VOL apresentou valores médios dentro dos níveis recomendados, embora na instituição B esse parâmetro tenha apresentado maior magnitude. Nas simulações, a instituição B apresentou maiores doses absorvidas nas estruturas relevantes, corroborando com a menor otimização de mA, mAs e C VOL. Este trabalho mostrou a existência de ligação entre os parâmetros radiológicos e a dose absorvida no paciente, sugerindo a realização de estudos de otimização em exames de TC de crânio.
Methodology for correcting the nonlinear response of radionuclide calibrators
Authors: Quaresma Daniel da Silva , Oliveira Antônio Eduardo de , Iwahara Akira , Cunha Paulo Gonçalves da
Published: June 2021

Due to constructive and operational issues, the response of a radionuclide calibrator used in Nuclear Medicine can behave in a non-linear manner, especially in the transition of scales. Although the deviations from linearity are small, they may be important for standard secondary or reference radionuclide calibrators used in calibration laboratories. In the document TRS 454 - IAEA it is proposed that the deviation from linearity for these instruments should be in the range of ± 2%. However, calibration laboratories may have some difficulty meeting the requirement. This article proposes an easy-to-implement methodology to correct the response of reference radionuclide calibrators from calibration laboratories, in order to meet the requirement of ± 2% for the linearity parameter recommended by the IAEA.
11-year workload and barrier analysis for a high-energy linear accelerator
Authors: Rigo Isabela Rodrigues , Cunha Ana Paula Vollet , Emiliozzi Caroline Zeppellini dos Santos , Menegussi Gisela
Published: June 2021

The formalism used for barriers calculations is based on a conservative estimation of workload, use factor, and occupancy factor. IMRT techniques (Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy) and VMAT (Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy) are known for being superior to conventional techniques, but costly from the shielding standpoint, as they increase the number of monitor units used to deliver the same dose to the patient, increasing the leakage radiation produced and, consequently, the thickness of the secondary barriers. At InRad (Radiology Institute of HC-FMUSP) a 2100CD LINAC already installed was upgraded to perform IMRT/VMAT techniques, and the existing barrier was reassessed. The present study proposes a methodology for acquiring real workload data from the institution's management software (MOSAIQ®) to replace the initially estimated data and recalculate the thickness of the barriers, assessing the impact of the introduction of these techniques and understanding the profile of the treatments carried out at the institution over the years of 2010 to 2020. Through this methodology, a decrease in the workload of 15 MV was observed as the technique of modulated intensity with 6 MV was introduced, reducing the thicknesses calculated for primary barriers. However, no significant changes were observed in the thicknesses calculated for the secondary barriers, because despite the increase in the leakage workload of 6 MV, the total workload of 15 MV decreased. There was also a trend towards an increase in the number of patients treated with modulated intensity year after year, which went from 5% in 2016 to 67% in 2020.
Impact of electron beam irradiation in potato starch films containing hibiscus aquous extract
Authors: Teixeira Bruna Saporito , Chierentin Gabriel de Souza , Mastro Nelida Lucia del
Published: June 2021

The development of starch films containing natural antioxidants is one alternative of active packaging. Starch is a well-studied natural biopolymer that can be used for the development of biodegradable films because it presents a low cost, is easy to obtain and presents good ability to form films. Hibiscus sabdariffa, commonly known as hibiscus, roselle or red sorrel, is an annual herbaceous sub shrub that contains many types of biocompounds, including organic and phenolic acids. The aim of the present work was to determine the influence of electron beam irradiation on potato starch film containing hibiscus extract. The aqueous hibiscus solution was prepared by boiling for 3 min 1% w/ml dehydrated hibiscus flowers in 500 ml deionized water. The film forming solution was prepared by casting (5% potato starch, 3% glycerol as plasticizer and the hibiscus solution) and irradiated in a 1.5 MeV electron beam accelerator Dynamitron II (Radiation Dynamics Inc.), with doses of 0, 20, 40 and 60 kGy. After drying some mechanical properties were measured. The tensile strength of the control films and the irradiated ones was established. There were no significant differences among them. It looks like hibiscus antioxidants were able to prevent the expected starch radiation degradation process caused by radiation generated free radicals.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF URBAN ADOLESCENT STRESSORS TO THE ONLINE ADDICTION OF GAME ON JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Ahmidar Friendy , Fitrikasari Alifiati
Published: June 2021

Background: The presence of online games has brought great impact on personal development and adolescent adaptation. Urban adolescents are more vulnerable to the complexity and stress. Chronic exposure to social and environmental stress must be related to psychological pressure which can lead adolescent becoming online game addicts. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between urban adolescent stress and online games addiction.Methods: This is an observational study with a crosssectional study design. Urban adolescent stress was measured using Urban Hassles Index whereas online game addiction was measured using Indonesia Online Game Addiction Questionnaire. This study used chi square as the statistic test.Results: This study included 280 students as research subjects, 112 subjects (40.0%) were online game addicts. Urban adolescent stress has a significant correlation with online games addiction (p = 0.019).Conclusion: There is a correlation between urban adolescent stress and online game addictions.
COPING STRATEGIES AMONG MOTHERS OF CHILDREN WITH EATING DIFFICULTY
Authors: Tjakradidjaja Francisca A
Published: June 2021

Background: The impact of eating difficulty in children can cause the intake of nutrients to be less, so the nutritional needs become unreachable. It is not easy for parents to face the fact that their children have eating difficulty. Coping becomes part of the adjustment. Coping is a special term used to indicate an individual's reaction when facing pressure or stress. Thus, the coping strategies of parents in dealing with children who have eating difficulty is requiredto deal with and control existing problems.Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the coping strategies of mothers who have children with eating difficulty.Methods: This research was a phenomenological qualitative research. Qualitative data collection techniques in this study was in-depth semi-structured interview techniques. Data analysis was performed by AtlasTi software. Content analysis was used to analyze raw data and identify overarching themes.Results: There four main themes and associated subthemes, were abstracted from the data, namely feeding problem manifestation (refusing to chew, throw out, prolonged mealtimes, inadequate food intake, food refusal, picky eating, closed mouth), stress full condition (angry/out of control, miserable, confused/puzzled, worried, impatient, frustrating), removed from the situation (positive thinking, ignored, acceptance, persevering, religious approaches),and action to modify situation (creative, seeking for help, looking for information, giving the nutrition supplement).Conclusion: This study may have implications for the implementation in overcoming child with eating difficulties. By understanding the mother's condition, then the treatment will be more focused and precise.
ALPHA BRAIN WAVE ACTIVITY DURING LISTENING OF SURAH AL-INSYIQAQ USING ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY (EEG)
Authors: Habibi Ahmad Azwar , Husna Ully , Khatima Khusnul , Rahmah Annisah Nur , Darmawan Aditya Rizqi
Published: June 2021

Background: More than 30 times earthquake occurred in Indonesia in the periode 2016-2017 and 23 times occurred in 2018. It made people more anxious. This is also a warning of the coming of the doom which is explained in several verses of the Qur'an. One of them is surah al-Insyiqaq. Understanding the meaning of this surah is expected to increase anxiety or feelings of surrender. These emotions can affect brain activity and can be recorded withElectroencephalography (EEG). To date, there has been no specific study of alpha wave activity when surah al-Insyiqaq is played between groups who understand the meaning of the surah and those who do not understand.Objective: Comparing the alpha brain wave activity during listening surah al-Insyiqaq in the control group and the treatment group.Method: This research is a study using experimental methods conducted on 20 subjects using simple random sampling. Subject were divided into two groups, the control group, and the treatment group. The treatment group was given a booklet, video and lecture about the contents of the surah. Brain wave activity was measured before and after the intervention using EEG during the subject listens to murottal of the surah.Results: There is a significant difference in understanding the meaning of Surat al-Insyiqaq between the results of the post test control group and the treatment group that was previously given the intervention (p=0,041). The significance value of the difference in alpha wave activity in the two groups was performed using the Independent t test and obtained p = 0.033.Conclusion: Understanding surah al-Insyiqaq creates a feeling of calm and surrender to God. This can lead to greater alpha brain wave activity when listening to surah al-Insyiqaq than those who are not given an understanding of the meaning of surah al-Insyiqaq.
THE FOOD'S QUALITY ANALYSIS OF CANTEEN IN SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY JAKARTA
Authors: Ardini Witri , Jauharoh Siti Nur Aisyah , Suwarsono Erike A.
Published: June 2021

Background: Food is an important requi-rement supporting the human activities, including academic activities on campus. The composition and quality of nutrients, both macro, and micronutrients in a diet, plays an important role in ensuring the availability of energy sources for daily activities and long-term health. This study is a preliminary study to evaluate the nutritional value of food provided in the canteen of campus.Method: This research will use a cross-sectional design on food samples sold in the canteen of Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta. The macronutrient composition analysis was calculated using a list of foodstuffscompositions.Results: Most of the packaged food menu do not meet the macronutrient composition in a manner of balanced nutrition. The dominant side dish is chicken, the fat composition is higher than the recommendation due to fried processing. The portion of rice is not standard on various packages, with an average of 1.6 servings of standard rice. The content of vegetables is minimal. A snack menu is predominantly carbohydrate foods with a moderate to high sugar content, with minimal ber content, and processed by frying.Conclusion: The nutritional quality of the food menu in the canteen has largely not yet fulfilled the recommended macronutrient composition.
On exact solutions of equations of rotational motion of a rigid body under action of torque of circular-gyroscopic forces
Authors: Kosov Alexander A. , Semenov Eduard I.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. A nonlinear system of differential equations describing the rotational motion of a rigid body under the action of torque of potential and circular-gyroscopic forces is considered. For this torque, the system of differential equations has three classical first integrals: the energy integral, the area integral, and the geometric integral. For the analogue of the Lagrange case, when two moments of inertia coincide and the potential depends on one angle, an additional first integral is found and integration in quadratures is performed. A number of examples is considered where parametric families of exact solutions are considered. In these examples, polynomial or analytical functions were used as a potential. In particular, we construct families of periodic and almost periodic motions, as well as families of asymptotically uniaxial rotations. We also identified movements that have limit values of opposite signs for unlimited increase and decrease of time.
Linezolid resistance among multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates in Iran
Authors: Khosravi Azar Dokht , Tabandeh Mohammad Reza , Shahi Fatemeh , Salmanzadeh Shokrollah
Published: June 2021

The management of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) presents a main challenge and the drug options for treating these infections are very limited. Linezolid (LNZ) has recently been approved for the treatment of MDR and XDR-TB. But, there are narrow data on genotypic and phenotypic LNZ resistance in clinical isolates. So, we aimed to determine the prevalence of LNZ resistance and to identify the mutations associated with LNZ resistance among clinical MDR-TB isolates. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of LNZ for 22 MDR-TB isolates were determined by broth microdilution method. All MDR-TB isolates were sequenced in the rrl and rplC genes conferring LNZ resistance. LNZ resistance was found in 3 (13.6%) of 22 MDR-TB isolates. The MICs of LNZ were 8 μg/mL for two isolates and 16 μg/mL for one isolate. The 421 (A/G) and 449 (T/A) mutations in rplC gene were detected in one of the LNZ-resistant isolates. There was no mutation in rrl gene. The results reveal that the prevalence of LNZ-resistant isolates is 13.6% among MDR-TB isolates and drug susceptibility testing (DST) against LNZ is useful in the management of complicated and drug-resistant cases. However, further studies could identify other possible genetic mechanism of resistance in TB.
Consideraciones sobre la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la gramática de la primera lengua en la escuela
Authors: Fontich Xavier
Published: June 2021

El rol de la gramática de la primera lengua en la escuela (obligatoria y post-obligatoria) es objeto de debate internacional, con contribuciones de la lingüística y la pedagogía caracterizadas por adoptar mayoritariamente una concepción formal de los contenidos gramaticales y abordar los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje separados de esos contenidos. Nos proponemos defender la relevancia de situar el foco de atención en la unidad formada por contenido-enseñanza-aprendizaje. Desarrollaremos algunas cuestiones básicas que son objeto de un amplio debate en el campo disciplinar de la Didáctica de la Lengua. Estudios de orientación sociocultural consideran relevante situar la gramática en el eje uso-comunicación (más allá del eje formal, en el que el sistema gramatical es considerado autónomo respecto a los usos comunicativos) y abordar la interacción no solo como un recurso de aula deseable sino como un motor de aprendizaje y desarrollo, en el que se implica al alumno en procesos de reflexión o “actividad metalingüística”. El estudio de esta actividad metalingüística puede aportar a la investigación conocimientos sobre las mejores medidas que pueden arbitrarse para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje gramaticales, así como para la formación del profesorado.
Uso y funciones de los «hashtags» evidenciales en Twitter
Authors: Kotwica Dorota
Published: June 2021

En este trabajo se analizan los hashtags evidenciales en la red de microblogging Twitter. Se trata de las etiquetas creadas a partir de las construcciones con el verbo decir precedidas por el símbolo de la almohadilla (#dicen, #sedice, #esodicen, #dicenporahí) que, hasta ahora, no se habían analizado desde la perspectiva de la evidencialidad. Se realiza un estudio exploratorio y cualitativo a partir de una muestra de 94 tuits publicados a lo largo de seis meses. En el análisis se atienden parámetros estructurales y semántico-pragmáticos. Según los resultados del análisis, las etiquetas evidenciales pueden transmitir evidencialidad reportativa, citativa y de folclore. Además, al significado evidencial van ligadas funciones pragmáticas (atenuación, disociación irónica y refuerzo argumentativo).
LasR-regulated proteases in acute vs. chronic lung infection: a double-edged sword
Authors: Hennemann Lisa C. , Nguyen Dao
Published: June 2021

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative opportunistic pathogen capable of causing both acute and chronic infections, particularly in individuals with compromised host defenses. The quorum sensing transcriptional activator LasR is widely recognized for its role in regulating the expression of acute virulence factors, notably several secreted proteases which cause direct host damage and subvert host immunity in acute infections. Paradoxically, lung infections caused by LasR-deficient variants, which are found in at least a third of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with chronic P. aeruginosa infections, are associated with accelerated lung disease and increased markers of inflammation compared to infections caused by strains with a functional LasR system. While the loss of LasR function often (although not always) results in impaired production of LasR-controlled acute virulence factors, the implication of this pathoadaptation on host-pathogen interactions and chronic disease pathology is less well recognized. We recently observed that loss of LasR function in lasR variants, which results in impaired secreted protease production, led to increased expression of the membrane-bound surface adhesion molecule mICAM-1 in the airway epithelium, and increased neutrophilic inflammation. Specifically, human airway epithelial cells stimulated with lasR variants had higher mICAM-1 expression and greater neutrophil binding in vitro compared to stimulation with wild-type P. aeruginosa. In a subacute non-lethal P. aeruginosa lung infection model, lasR variant infection also induced higher mICAM-1 expression in the murine airway epithelium and was associated with increased neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation in vivo. Here, we discuss how (loss of) LasR function and LasR-regulated proteases affect host immunity, inflammation and tissue pathology in acute vs. chronic P. aeruginosa lung infection.
The Mysticism of History and the Transcendent Vision of the Great Patriotic War
Authors: Plekhanova Irina
Published: June 2021

This article examines the evolution of “mystical discourse” in the literature on the Great Patriotic War from 1941 to 2008. It analyses the content of ideas about the participation of supernatural principles in people’s relations and in the fate of peoples in different historical conditions. The author reveals the gnoseological potential and socio-cultural mission of irrational knowledge that claims to be the universal truth. The “transcendent vision” formula integrates a variety of manifestations – from intuitions to metaphysical concepts. The analysis is done with reference to poetry by K. Simonov, A. Akhmatova, A. Tvardovsky, N. Glazkov, Yu. Kuznetsov, the poem Leningrad Apocalypse by D. Andreev, Mother’s Dreams by V. Shukshin, God and the Soldier by V. Pietsukh, Live and Remember by V. Rasputin, Psalm by F. Gorenstein, Cursed and Killed by V. Astafyev, and Tankman or ‘White Tiger’ by I. Boyashov. The author’s reflections on the transcendent is realised in three modes: discovery, mystical propensities, and philosophising. The discovery of the presence of the mystical principle as a real and beneficial force is characteristic of wartime lyrics. Vital intuition actualises the archetypal resource of national culture: ancestral memory, the voice of the Earth, nature, the patronage of ancestors, and the sacred power of the Russian word. Awareness of the special protective mission of love is based on the deep ethics of folk tradition and corresponds to the ideas of religious philosophy about the participation of the Wisdom of God in human relations. The effectiveness of both is confirmed by prophetic dreams and actions of the heroines in the works by V. Shukshin and V. Rasputin. Theodicy became the central problem in the post-war feeling of a disastrous social experience. A visionary poem by D. Andreev and ballads by Yu. Kuznetsov are versions of poetic gnosis: they interpret the war as an episode of the eternal conflict of darkness and light, the confrontation of demons with great power, in which an ordinary person is assigned the role of a victim and the poet – the mission of the “messenger”, the painter of these forces. The reasoner-toned concepts of F. Gorenstein and V. Astafyev regard war as a last judgment on peoples, the payment for the fall from God’s grace. I. Boyashov’s novel reveals the Manichaean idea of the dual role of evil: the power of darkness can only be crushed by hatred. Experiencing the ontological power of transcendent knowledge and its suggestions, the artist feels involved in the mystical origin.
Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis and The International Medical Prevention Registry on Venous Thromboembolism (IMPROVE) Score in Medical Illness Patients
Authors: Riswandi Dania Artriana , Oehadian Amaylia
Published: June 2021

Objective: To describe applicability of The International Medical Prevention Registry on Venous Thromboembolism (IMPROVE) score to implement venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in patients with medical illness in Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. Methods: This study was descriptive, cross-sectional research from database was performed on December 2018. Inclusion criteria in this study were all patients hospitalized in Department of Internal Medicine, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital in November 2018 with medical illness, which is patients with medical condition involves a more systemic, pharmaceutical approach to treatment. Exclusion criteria were surgical disease, which is requires some form of intervention such as surgery, also patients with incomplete medical record were excluded. Results: There were 162 patients (56% male and 44% female). Median age were higher in males compared to females (53 [18-76] vs. 49 [18-85]) years. Low-risk (score <2), medium-risk (score 2 – 3), and high-risk (score >4) for IMPROVE venous thromboembolism score were 77.2%, 17.3%, and 5.6% respectively. ). Low-risk (score <7) and high-risk (score >7) for IMPROVE bleeding score were 75.9% and 24.1% respectively. Medical thromboprophylaxis were given to 14.8% patients, with 91.7% and 8.3% of the patients received unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) respectively. Thromboprophylaxis was given in 88.9% of high-risk patients for venous thromboembolism. There were 18.7% patients with low-risk and 2.6% with high-risk for bleeding that received prophylaxis. Conclusion: The majority of inpatients treated with thromboprophylaxis had low-risk for both thromboembolism and bleeding. The rate of thromboprophylaxis usage was still low; with the most frequently used thromboprophylaxis agent was UFH. Most of high-risk patients for venous thromboembolism received thromboprophylaxis.
Relationship between the Quality of Informed Consent at Surgical Procedure in Terms of Ethics and Medicolegal with Satisfaction of Patient Health Service in dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital
Authors: Ismail Taufik Suryadi , Safana Putra , Syahrizal Dedy
Published: June 2021

Objective: To determine the relationship between the quality of informed consent in terms of ethics and medicolegal with patient health service satisfaction at the dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital (ZAH) Banda Aceh. Method: This study is an observational analytic with a cross-sectional method. Subject selection through a total sampling method. This study involved patients who were treated at dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital (ZAH) Banda Aceh and a total of patients were 100 (52 men and 48 women) who met the inclusion criteria carried out on 16 December 2019 to 31 December 2019. Results: As many as 90% of respondents rated informed consent made at ZAH as good quality and 85% expressed the satisfaction with health services at ZAH. An ethical and medicolegal review of informed consent emphasizes the basic principles of bioethics. As many as 84% of respondents stated that their autonomy rights had been fulfilled, 92.50% thought that the doctor had done beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice well in the process of informed consent and 92.33% of respondents rated the three elements of informed consent as being well implemented. Based on the results of the chi-square statistical test showed a significant relationship between the quality of informed consent in terms of ethics and medicolegal with patient health service satisfaction under the value of p = 0.001 (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Good quality of informed consent in terms of ethics and medicolegal has an important role in increasing patient satisfaction with health services at the dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital of Banda Aceh.
Analisis Faktor Risiko Oxygenation Index, Oxygen Saturation Index, dan Rasio Pao2/Fio2 sebagai Prediktor Mortalitas Pasien Pneumonia COVID-19 dengan ARDS di Ruang Perawatan Intensif Isolasi Khusus RSUD Dr Soetomo
Authors: Rory Samuel Hananiel , Utariani Arie , Semedi Bambang Pujo
Published: June 2021

Pada kasus berat, pneumonia COVID-19 terjadi perburukan secara cepat dan progresif yang menyebabkan ARDS. Pengukuran parameter oksigenasi seperti oxygenation index (OI) dan oxygen saturation index (OSI) pada beberapa penelitian menunjukkan superioritas dibanding dengan rasio PaO2/FiO2 dalam menilai status oksigenasi dan derajat keparahan ARDS. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan analisis faktor risiko OI, OSI, dan Rasio PaO2/FiO2 terhadap mortalitas pasien pneumonia COVID-19 dengan ARDS. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik observaional dengan desain cohort-prospective terhadap pasien dewasa pneumonia COVID-19 dengan ARDS berdasar atas kriteria Berlin. Data perhitungan OI, OSI, dan rasio PaO2/FiO2 diambil pada 30 menit pertama pascapemasangan ventilator mekanik. Analisis regresi logistik digunakan untuk menganalisis faktor risiko OI, OSI, dan rasio PaO2/FiO2 terhadap mortalitas 28 hari pasien pneumonia COVID-19 dengan ARDS. Hasil penelitian didapatkan pada 77 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan tidak termasuk eksklusi, hanya variabel OI yang terbukti signifikan sebagai prediktor independen mortalitas dengan nilai p 0,043, sementara OSI dan rasio PaO2/FiO2 tidak signifikan. Dari ketiga variabel, OI mempunyai AUC tertinggi, yakni 0,935 dibanding dengan variabel OSI dan rasio PaO2/FiO2. Simpulan, OI terbukti sebagai prediktor independen mortalitas pada pasien pneumonia COVID-19 dengan ARDS.
Perbedaan Pengaruh Balanced dan Unbalanced Crystalloids sebagai Terapi Cairan pada Sepsis dan Syok Sepsis: a Systematic Review
Authors: Mahendra Dimas Adjie Yuda , Cahyo Febrian Dwi
Published: June 2021

Mortalitas sepsis dan syok sepsis hampir 20% per tahun dari semua kematian global. Sepsis dan syok sepsis merupakan penyebab 50% pasien dirawat di Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Kristaloid menjadi terapi cairan yang tepat menurut “The Surviving Sepsis Campaign Bundle: 2018 (SSC 2018)”. Kristaloid terbagi menjadi dua jenis, yaitu balanced dan unbalanced crystalloids. Perbedaan kandungan elektrolit keduanya dapat memengaruhi outcome pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh balanced dan unbalanced crystalloids pada sepsis dan syok sepsis dalam aspek mortalitas, kejadian hiperkloremia, dan lama tinggal di rumah sakit (RS). Metode yang digunakan adalah systematic review. Tempat penelitian berupa pencarian artikel penelitian pada online database dengan waktu penelitian, yaitu artikel dari tahun 2017 hingga 2021. Seleksi studi menggunakan PRISMA, kirteria restriksi dan PICO. Telaah artikel didapatkan 6 dari 249 artikel yang memenuhi syarat. Hasil analisis adalah mortalitas lebih rendah pada grup balanced crystalloids, kejadian hiperkloremia lebih tinggi pada unbalanced crystalloids, namun lama tinggal di RS di kedua grup tidak ada perbedaan signifikan. Simpulan penelitian adalah balanced crystalloids lebih efektif daripada unbalanced crystalloids dalam aspek menurunkan mortalitas dan kejadian hiperkloremia, namun tidak mengenai lama tinggal.
UbuntuTheater: Building a Human World in Yael Farber'sMolora
Authors: Zapkin Phillip
Published: June 2021

Yael Farber'sMolorablends themes from theOresteia, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, and Xhosa folk singing to produce an aspirational vision for an equitable postapartheid South Africa. This blending draws onubuntuethics—the living philosophy that holds that subjects become properly human only through their interaction with others and a commitment to making the world better—by combining these cultural forms and signs without hierarchically privileging any. Farber's revision of the plotline of theOresteiaemphasizes human community because the chorus of Xhosa women collectively introduce order and justice, as opposed to the imposition of order and justice by Athena in Aeschylus's play. The chorus protects Elektra and Orestes from violence and offers them—as well as Klytemnestra—the chance to return to a human community through forgiveness and the renunciation of violence. This is preciselyubuntu's aspiration.
The Climates of the Victorian Novel: Seasonality, Weather, and Regional Fiction in Britain and Australia
Authors: Steer Philip
Published: June 2021

Anthropocene criticism of Victorian literature has focused more on questions of temporality and predictability than on those related to climate in the nineteenth century. Climate knowledge is central to the regional novel, which is attuned to the seasonal basis of agriculture and sociality, but the formal influence of the British climate also becomes more apparent through a consideration of the genre's adaptation to colonial conditions. Thomas Hardy'sThe Mayor of Casterbridgehighlights how a known seasonal cycle underpins the differentiation of climate and weather and explores the role of economic systems in mediating the experience of climate. Rolf Boldrewood'sThe Squatter's Dream, set amid the nonannual seasonal change of Australia, demonstrates the fracturing of the regional novel form under the stress of sustained drought. Such a comparative approach highlights the importance of regular seasonality as the basis of the Victorian novel's ability to conceptualize the relation of climate, weather, and capital.
Telluric Recollection: On the Disappearance of History in Deep Time
Authors: Andersson Johan Daniel
Published: June 2021

Since the turn of the millennium, the humanities have been progressively forced to come to terms with the materiality of a warming world, in particular the entanglement of natural environments with technical infrastructures that lies at the heart of anthropgenic environmental change, and its implications for the hithertofore seemingly impentetrable ontological wall of separation between natural and human history. In an effort to address the concomitant insufficiency of remaning solely at the discursive level, some scholars have sought to reorient the interpretative concerns of the humanities by submerging the modern subject into geological registers of deep time. This paper cautions that along with such a reorientation, however, any sense of a limit – such as a horizon of understanding belonging to human history – recedes into the modal void of deep time, with the unfortunate side-effect that questions of human agency and responsibility have a tendency to get lost in the more-than-human networks of the earth’s geophysical forces. This is ironic, given that the purported novelty of the so-called ‘Anthropocene’ condition is to highlight the anthropogenic dimension of global environmental change, and thus the deep time consequences of human action.
Features of oxidative functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Dyachkova Tatyana P. , Tugolukov Evgeny N. , Burakova Elena A. , Khan Yulian A. , Pasko Anastasiya A. , Smirnova Antonina I. , Usol’tseva Nadezhda V.
Published: June 2021

The paper studies the oxidation laws of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) of various types, which differ in geometric parameters (diameter, length, specific surface), using nitric acid. In different experiments, the duration of oxidation, the concentration of nitric acid, and the consumption of HNO3 per 1 g of MWCNTs were varied.
The qualitative composition of the formed oxygen-containing functional groups and the changes occurring with the graphene layers of nanotubes were established by the methods of IR and Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The total oxygen content in the samples was determined by energy dispersive analysis. The degree of MWCNTs functionalization with acidic functional groups was determined by Boehm titration. An X-ray structural analysis of the obtained samples was carried out and their specific surface area was estimated.
It was determined that the most serious changes in the functionalization degree occurred during the first 1–3 hours of oxidation. During this time interval, the achieved values of the functionalization degree were determined mainly by the shape of the MWCNTs graphene layers. At 7–10 hours of treatment, regardless of the initial parameters, MWCNTs have the functionalization degree in the range of 0.5–0.7 mmoLg–1. At the initial stage of oxidation, the amorphous phase is removed. Using dilute solutions of nitric acid does not allow obtaining oxidized nanotubes with the high functionalization degree. It is expedient to reduce the consumption of 65 % HNO3 to 40 mL per 1 g of MWCNTs.
Efficacy of Virtual Reality in Neurorehabilitation of Spinal Cord Injury Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors:   , Orsatti-Sánchez B. A.
Published: June 2021

This systematic review (SR) analyzed the effectiveness of interventions using virtual reality (VR) technology as a neurorehabilitation therapy in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). The SR was developed under the guidelines of the PRISMA statement and the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration, along with the PEDro and National Institute of Health scales to assess the risk of bias and methodological quality. The Cochrane, IEEE, BVS/LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed, and Web of Science databases were browsed to identify studies that, between 2010 and 2020, evaluated the efficacy of these therapies. Out of 353 retrieved studies, 11 were finally selected after the application of the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. These articles presented good methodological quality as they were mostly controlled clinical trials that analyzed mixed therapies with conventional therapies. Interventions based on non-immersive or immersive VR technology that achieved functional motor, balance, and psycho-emotional health improvement with positive effects on motivation, self-confidence, commitment, and active participation were identified in a total sample of 155 SCI patients. It was concluded that such VR technology is an effective tool of neurorehabilitation complementary to conventional therapies, which promotes functional improvement in SCI patients both in the clinic and at home.
The efficacy of telemedicine using videoconferencing system in outpatient care for cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol v1
Authors: Uemoto Yasuaki , Yamanaka Taro , Kataoka Yuki , Wada Yoshitaka , Aoyama Yosuke , Kizawa Rika , Yamaguchi Yu , Kikawa Yuichiro , Taira Naruto
Published: June 2021

Further research is needed to compare the impact of interactive Telemedicine using videoconferencing systems with usual face-to-face care in the outpatient with cancer. The aim of this study is to review systematically the efficacy of interactive telemedicine using videoconferencing systems in this setting, including feasibility, satisfaction and cost.
Transdermal patches: do doctors in Colombia know how to prescribe them? v1
Authors: Machado Alba Jorge
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Transdermal drug delivery has contributed positively to medical practice. However, prescriptions that do not meet minimum quality criteria and medication errors are common. Objective: To determine the compliance with established requirements for the prescription of transdermal patches by a group of doctors in Colombia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of prescriptions for transdermal patches using data from a population-based drug dispensing database. Medical prescriptions were randomly reviewed, establishing whether the drugs were appropriately prescribed in accordance with the manufacturer's indications or national regulations. Results: A total of 415 prescriptions were reviewed; the prescription were provided to 412 patients with a median age of 76.9 years, 63.3% of whom were women. A total of 57.8% (n=240) of transdermal patch prescriptions were for rivastigmine, 12.5% (n=52) were for lidocaine, and 9.9% (n=41) were for fentanyl. The 66.3% of all prescriptions did not meet the minimum appropriate prescribing standards, especially those for rivastigmine (97.1%). The 7.0% of all prescriptions had posology errors, especially prescriptions for buprenorphine (43.8%). Conclusions: The high proportion of inappropriately prescribed transdermal patches should draw the attention of those responsible for health care to improve the training of physicians and create prescription quality verification systems.
The Effect Of The Cognitive Learning Model Integrated With ARCS Categories On The Learning And Motivation Levels Of Students About Polygons And Triangles
Authors: FİLİZ Ahsen , GÜR Hülya
Published: June 2021

In this study, it is aimed to determine the effect of the integrated cognitive model of learning with ARCS categories on the learning and motivation levels of fifth grade students about polygons and triangles. The post-test control group model was used in the study. Both the experimental group and the control group consisted of 137 students. The subject of polygons and triangles was taught to the experimental group students based on the integrated cognitive model of learning with ARCS categories, and to the control group students based on the traditional method of teaching. In the present study, geometry achievement test and geometry concept perception test were used, and the data were collected by developing the geometry motivation scale and the geometry motivation profile scale. Thus, t test was utilized in the analysis of the data. As a result of the analysis of the research data, it was seen that the experimental group students had higher levels of achievement and concept perception compared to the control group students. Moreover, it was determined that the students in the control group considered themselves insufficient and had more fear towards geometry lessons compared to the students in the experimental group. Furthermore, the satisfaction scores of the experimental group students were higher and they paid more attention to the geometry lessons than the control group students accordingly.
The Effects of Learning Styles of Pre-service Teachers on Their Sketchnotes Designs
Authors: TATAR Nilgün , ŞEKER Meral
Published: June 2021

The study aims to investigate the effect of the pre-service teachers’ dominant learning styles on their sketchnotes designs prepared for science topics as well as determining their reasons for the visual and written elements used in these sketchnotes. The study was designed following descriptive correlational survey model. The participants consisted of 44 teacher pre-service of science teaching at grades two and three studying at Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University. The quantitative data for the study was obtained through “Verbal and Visual Dominant Learning Style Scale” developed by Akgün et al. (2014) while the qualitative data was gathered from the participants’ sketchnotes prepared for various science topics in the secondary school science curriculum. The findings indicate that the majority of the participants had visual dominant learning style. As the participants with visual dominant learning style gave prominence to visuals by using drawings and various writing styles frequently in their sketchnotes, the ones with verbal dominant learning styles used more words and sentences along with frequent textual detailed explanations. It was also found that the participants with visual dominant learning style placed more importance to process building, grouping, and listing and the ones with verbal dominant learning styles placed more emphasize on explanations. The findings of the study are meant to introduce sketchnotes to teachers and to promote the use of them in their teaching practices.
Development of universal algorithm of voltage circuits detecting faults of microprocessor protection and automation devices
Authors: Vukolov V.Yu. , Petrov A.A. , Yurtaev S.N. , Bedretdinov R.Sh.
Published: June 2021

Reliability, along with response speed, sensitivity, and selectivity, is the key requirement for relay protection (RP) devices. The reliability of modern RP digital terminals is understood as protection operation for all estimated failure modes and failure of protection equipment to operate in all other modes, in which this protection is not provided. Analysis of the secondary voltage schemes and algorithms of detecting faults in these circuits reveals several disadvantages of the implementation of blocking in case of faults in voltage circuits. All existing algorithms and blocking schemes in case of faults in voltage circuits suffer from several disadvantages. In this regard, it is relevant to develop a universal relay protection terminal, which can be used with any types of voltage transformers. The MatLAB Simulink is used to simulate the primary failure of secondary circuits for the connection schemes of the voltage transformer load on phase and electric line voltages. The authors propose the algorithm that allows us to create a typical universal RP terminal, which can be used with any type of voltage transformers. To detect the neutral conductor interruption of the «star» circuits, it is proposed to create an artificial asymmetry at the input voltage circuits of the relay protection and automation (RPA) terminal and develop a group of fault detectors that analyze the position of the offset neutral on the voltage complex plane. Using a simulation model of various types of failure of voltage transformer secondary circuits and the logic diagram of the unit that implements the proposed algorithm, the authors graphically show that the detection of a break in the neutral wire is possible due to monitoring the zero-sequence voltage spike (triggering of the pulsed dU0 fault detector) with neutral displacement to the complex plane area, which is set by the setpoints. The results obtained allow us to implement a universal scheme of blocking faults in voltage circuits. This scheme does not depend on the voltage transformer secondary load connection method and exclude the disadvantages of existing solutions discussed in the article. This algorithm allows us to develop a typical universal RPA terminal. Due to its connection scheme and functional and logical implementation, this terminal can be used with any types of voltage transformer without reprogramming. Also, the proposed algorithm fully complies with the requirements of the current regulatory and legal documents.
Mathematical modeling of a submerged jet of electric wind
Authors: Semenov V.K. , Belyakov A.A. , Ivanova N.B.
Published: June 2021

Technological processes of electro-gas dynamics of dispersed systems are based on charging and transporting dispersed raw material particles in a strong electric field of a corona discharge. It is accompanied by turbulent gas motion caused by momentum transfer of ions to gas molecules. This accompanying motion is called electric wind. It must be considered when calculating the trajectories of particles and devices design. In recent years, equipment is being developed, the operation of which is based on the direct use of electric wind. In most cases these studies are based on experimental research and empirical calculation formulas, therefore, to make the design and construction of this equipment science oriented, it is necessary to develop mathematical models and methods for calculating this phenomenon. The object of the research is a unipolar electric corona discharge of direct current between a negative corona wire and a flat electrode in the form of a mesh. The calculation of a turbulent jet of an electric wind is considered both within the framework of the boundary layer theory and in a full-scale formulation using the k- и k- turbulence models in the Comsol program. Two new solutions for the velocity field of a submerged flat jet of electric wind are found and compared. They are an analytical solution based on the boundary layer theory and a numerical solution in a full-scale formulation based on the Reynolds equation integration. The novelty of the solutions is that they are applied for a two-dimensional problem and consider the turbulent motion of gas. The phenomenon of electric wind is widely applied in modern technologies that allow electric and gas cleaning, disinfection, and water purification from organic impurities, as well as treatment and disinfection of surfaces and air which is especially important recently. In the case of jet spread of electric wind in a closed channel, the boundary layer approximation conditions are satisfied, and a self-similar solution can be used. In the case of an open jet, the calculation should be carried out in a full-scale formulation of the problem based on the numerical solution of the Reynolds equation.