bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychological outcomes in ethnically minoritised adolescents and young adults with cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Chan Lynette WS , Hebben-Wadey Alan , Kambakara Gedara Chandrika , McParland James
Published: December 2024

Background

Ethnic disparities in cancer prevalence and health outcomes have been widely documented in adults. However, less is known about the impact of ethnic differences in young cancer patients who present with complex needs along their developmental trajectories. The present review aimed to examine psychological outcomes amongst ethnically minoritised adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer.

Method

A systematic search was conducted on four databases using terms related to AYAs, cancer, ethnic minority and psychological outcomes. Quantitative studies of any design were included and screened against the eligibility criteria. Studies were rated for methodological quality and synthesised narratively.

Results

Twelve studies conducted in the United States were identified with mostly moderate to low quality and the evidence was mixed. Six studies found ethnic disparities in psychological outcomes: the majority demonstrated that ethnically minoritised AYAs experienced significantly more distress compared to White peers with cancer. Hispanic youths were highlighted as a vulnerable group that fared worse in their mental health compared to other minoritised youths. Longitudinal data showed that minoritised AYAs experienced more marked improvement in their psychological health over time compared to Caucasians.

Conclusion

There is emerging evidence regarding inter-ethnic differences in psychological outcomes amongst AYAs with cancer. However, the findings are inconsistent, reflecting methodological weaknesses and the complexities of intersectionality impacting on mental health. Further cross-cultural research is necessary to substantiate these findings and elucidate mechanisms behind these inequalities to promote more equitable healthcare.
Cultivating vigilant drivers through TV: On the cultural work of dashcam videos and normalization of surveillance
Authors: Yang Chamee
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the cultural work of surveillance through the emerging YouTube genre of videos that feature footage from in-car video data recorders. South Korea's ‘Han Moon Chul TV’ (HMC TV) exemplifies this genre, inheriting and extending beyond the traditions of public service television for traffic safety. The analysis shows how HMC TV operates as a cultural technology that merges the previous goals of public service television with the visual language of automotive vision while also promoting the idea of self as a node of safety responsibility. The paper situates HMC TV within broader discussions on traffic safety, technological change, and surveillance normalization in the South Korean context, interrogating its role in shaping defensive rationality and vigilant driving behaviors. By incorporating surveillance technologies into regimes of safety, these representations help legitimize surveillance as a self-protection tool and a guarantor of truth, positioning it as a necessary defense against potential future threats.
Global amyloid burden enhances network efficiency of tau propagation in the brain
Authors: Lauber Meagan V , Bellitti Matteo , Kapadia Krish , Jasodanand Varuna H , Au Rhoda , Kolachalama Vijaya B
Published: December 2024

Background

Amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau are crucial biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, interacting synergistically to accelerate disease progression. While Aβ initiates cascades leading to tau hyperphosphorylation and neurofibrillary tangles, PET imaging studies suggest a sequential progression from amyloidosis to tauopathy, closely linked with neurocognitive symptoms.

Objective

To analyze the complex interactions between Aβ and tau in AD using probabilistic graphical models, assessing how regional tau accumulation is influenced by Aβ burden.

Methods

Data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and Anti-Aβ Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer's (A4) study were utilized, involving participants across various cognitive stages and employing both Florbetapir and Flortaucipir as tracers. Tau standardized uptake value ratio values were harmonized across studies, and participants were stratified into quantile groups based on Aβ levels. A LASSO regularized Gaussian graphical model analyzed partial correlations among brain regions to discern patterns of tau accumulation across different Aβ levels.

Results

Statistical analyses revealed significant differences in tau structure among low, medium, and high Aβ groups in both ADNI and A4 cohorts, with graph metrics, such as small-world coefficient, indicating increased tau efficiency as Aβ burden increased.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that tau accumulates more efficiently with increasing Aβ burden, highlighting an interplay that could inform development of dual-targeting therapies in AD. This study underscores the importance of Aβ and tau interactions in AD progression and supports the hypothesis that targeting both pathologies could be crucial for therapeutic interventions.
Differences in lean mass and sarcopenia between individuals with Alzheimer's disease and those without dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Nazareth Camila Cristine Gomes , Scalli Ana Carolina Aparecida Marcondes , de Oliveira Marcos Paulo Braz , Gomes Antonio Felipe Souza , Brito-Costa Sonia , Furtado Guilherme Eustáquio , Cezar Natália Oiring de Castro
Published: December 2024

Background

Studies have observed that individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) tend to have lower lean mass and higher rates of sarcopenia.

Objective

This review aims to assess differences in lean mass, sarcopenia, and its components between individuals with AD and those without dementia (WD).

Methods

Searches were conducted in the Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus and Latin American and Caribbean Health Scientific Literature. Observational studies comparing lean mass, sarcopenia, and its components in the populations of interest were included. We used the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scale to assess methodological quality. Mean differences (MD) and standardized mean differences were calculated for the meta-analyses.

Results

Four studies with 2035 individuals found that those with AD had significantly lower upper and lower limb lean mass, and skeletal muscle mass index compared to WD individuals. AD individuals also had a higher sarcopenia prevalence (41.33% versus 20.66%) and significant reductions in handgrip strength, lower limb muscle strength, and gait speed compared to WD individuals. The JBI scale analysis showed high agreement among the studies (k = 1.00, p = 0.046).

Conclusions

Individuals with AD have lower lean mass, higher rates of sarcopenia, and reduced muscle function compared to those without dementia. While the results suggest the need for early screening programs and integrated therapeutic interventions to improve clinical outcomes and quality of life for individuals with AD, it is important to consider that biases inherent in observational studies may compromise the quality of the evidence. Therefore, further research, preferably clinical trials, is needed to confirm these associations.
Comparison of visit-to-visit blood pressure variability and time in target range in predicting risk for cognitive outcomes in the SPRINT trial
Authors: Sible Isabel J , Nation Daniel A
Published: December 2024

Background

Blood pressure (BP) variability (BPV) and time in target range (TTR) are emerging vascular risk factors for dementia, independent of traditionally targeted mean BP.

Objective

Determine whether BPV or TTR is most strongly associated with cognitive risk.

Methods

In this post hoc analysis of the SPRINT trial, 8034 participants underwent repeated BP measurement and cognitive testing at baseline and follow-up. Visit-to-visit BPV was calculated as average real variability. TTR was the percent of time in desired treatment arm target range (standard: 120–140 mmHg systolic BP; intensive: 110–130 mmHg systolic BP). Adjudicated clinical outcomes were no cognitive impairment, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and probable dementia. We investigated a direct comparison of BPV and TTR in predicting cognitive risk, stratified by BP treatment group.

Results

Elevated BPV was associated with increased risk for MCI (adjusted HR: 1.21 [95% CI 1.10, 1.33], p < 0.001) and MCI/dementia (HR: 1.17 [95% CI 1.07, 1.27], p < 0.001) in the standard group, and dementia (HR: 1.17 [95% CI 1.01, 1.36], p = 0.039) in the intensive group. Higher TTR was related to lower dementia risk (HR: 0.72 [95% CI 0.60, 0.86], p < 0.001) in the intensive group only.

Conclusions

Visit-to-visit BPV outperformed TTR in predicting risk for MCI and MCI/dementia. TTR was more strongly associated with dementia risk under intensive treatment. Findings were independent of mean BP in a cohort with rigorously controlled BP and suggest newer aspects of BP control may be harnessed to further reduce cognitive risk.

Clinical trial information

ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT01206062.
Apolipoprotein (APOA1, APOE, CLU) genes expression in the CA3 region of the hippocampus in an ischemic model of Alzheimer's disease with survival up to 2 years
Authors: Pluta Ryszard , Kocki Janusz , Bogucki Jacek , Bogucka-Kocka Anna , Czuczwar Stanisław J
Published: December 2024

Background

Changes in the Alzheimer's disease-related apolipoprotein genes expression, occurring parallel with brain ischemia-induced neurodegeneration in the hippocampal CA3 area, may be crucial for the development of memory loss and dementia.

Objective

The aim of the study was to investigate changes in genes expression of apolipoprotein A1 ( APOA1) , apolipoprotein E ( APOE) , and clusterin ( CLU) in CA3 area post-ischemia with survival of 2 years.

Methods

The gene expression was evaluated with the use of an RT-PCR protocol after 2, 7, and 30 days and 6, 12, 18, and 24 months post-ischemia.

Results

The expression of the APOA1 gene (encoding apolipoprotein A1) was below the control values at 2 days, 6 and 12 months while at 7 and 30 days and 18 and 24 months post-ischemia this gene expression exceeded the control values. In the case of the CLU gene (encoding clusterin) expression, it was above the control values at all times post-ischemia. Similar expression was observed for the APOE gene (encoding apolipoprotein E) except on day 7 after ischemia where its expression was below the control value.

Conclusions

The results seem to indicate that the observed changes in the gene expression may reflect the activation and inhibition of a variety of processes involved in ischemia-induced neurodegeneration. The enhanced expression of APOA1 and CLU genes may be associated with induction of neuroprotective mechanisms while increased expression of the APOE gene may produce detrimental effects.
Item response theory for the color-picture version of Boston naming test in a Chinese sample with neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Li Dan , Liu Xining , Yu Jiaming , Zhang Yifei , Hu Nan , Lu Yuanyuan , Sun Fangling , Zhang Min , Ma Xiaowei , Wang Fen
Published: December 2024

Background

Although Boston Naming Test has been thoroughly validated at a global level, there is limited assessment of item-level properties using modern psychometric methods.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the construct validity and item-level properties of the color-picture version of Boston Naming Test (CP-BNT) in a Chinese cohort with neurodegenerative diseases.

Methods

This retrospective study included 424 participants, consisting of 118 normal controls, 152 with Alzheimer's disease, 101 with primary progressive aphasia, and 53 with other neurodegenerative diseases. All participants underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment that included the CP-BNT. Factor analysis and item response theory were conducted.

Results

The CP-BNT exhibits a multidimensional structure with three factors: Factor 1, consisting of nine items with moderate difficulty levels, demonstrated peak measurement function for mild anomia (the highest information value = 33.7, ability estimated value = −0.8, reliability = 0.97); Factor 2, comprising eleven items with lower difficulty levels, performed well in cases of mild to moderate anomia (the highest information value = 34.1, ability estimated value = −1.2, reliability = 0.97); and Factor 3, including ten items with higher difficulty levels, provided the most measurement information for normal naming (the highest information value = 9.9, ability estimated value = 0, reliability = 0.90). All items, except item igloo, showed good discrimination (discrimination parameter ranged from 5.46 to 1.15). Most items had a different difficulty position versus the original version, thereby generating a novel item sequence with an ascending difficulty hierarchy for Chinese samples.

Conclusions

These findings support that the CP-BNT has good validity, reliability, and cultural appropriateness in the Chinese context, improving its utility in clinical assessments and interventions.
On generalized asymmetric harmonic oscillator with quadratic nonlinearity within fractional variational principles
Authors: Baleanu Dumitru , Jajarmi Amin , Defterli Ozlem , AlShaikh Mohammad Noorhan F. , Asad Jihad
Published: December 2024

This work studies the nonlinear fractional dynamics of asymmetric harmonic oscillators. The classical description of the physical system is generalized using the principles of fractional variational analysis. As a system of two-coupled fractional differential equations with a quadratic nonlinear component, the fractional Euler–Lagrange equations of the motion of the corresponding system are obtained. The Adams–Bashforth predictor-corrector numerical approach is used to approximate the system’s outcomes, which are then simulated comparatively with respect to various model parameter values, including mass, linear and quadratic nonlinear stiffness, and the order of the fractional derivative. The simulations provided the possibility of investigating various dynamical behaviours within the same physical model that is generalized by the use of fractional operators.
Inference on a bivariate binomial distribution with zero-inflation applicable to baseball data
Authors: Kim Seong W. , Kim Kipum , Lee Jaeyong , Hwang Beom Seuk
Published: December 2024

It is common to encounter situations where two success probabilities are parameters of interest based on nested (two-stage) binary data that commonly occur in sports data. Under these circumstances, two correlated and nested binomial random variables can be utilized for analysis. Analysis of discrete count data with excessive zeros has been developed using different zero-inflated statistical models that allow for frequent zero-valued observations. The ZIB distribution is one of the models that can be adequate when the underlying data generation of non-zero values is based on a sequence of independent Bernoulli trials. In this article, we propose a zero-inflated bivariate binomial distribution that can be applied to nested bivariate data when both components are zero-inflated. Some theoretical properties of the model are investigated and default Bayesian procedures regarding prior elicitation are also addressed. Moreover, the Bayesian predictive distribution is derived based on a three-fold distribution to see how a future observation behaves. Extensive simulation studies are performed to support the theoretical results, and real datasets for Major League Baseball players are analysed to illustrate the methodology developed in this paper.
Determinants of Time to Diagnosis in Young-Onset Dementia
Authors: Sharma Shruti , Ilse Christina , Brickell Kiri , Le Heron Campbell , Woods Keith , O’Mara Baker Ashleigh , Tippett Lynette , Curtis Maurice A. , Ryan Brigid
Published: December 2024

Timely diagnosis of young-onset dementia (YOD) is critical. This study aimed to identify factors that increased time to diagnosis at each stage of the diagnostic pathway. Participants were patients diagnosed with YOD (n = 40) and their care partners (n = 39). Information was obtained from questionnaires, and review of medical records. Mean time from symptom onset to YOD diagnosis was 3.6 ± 2 years. Suspicion of depression/anxiety at presentation was associated with significantly increased time from presentation to specialist referral. Neurologist-diagnosed YOD was the fastest route to a diagnosis, whereas diagnoses made by other specialists significantly increased the time from first specialist visit to diagnosis. By investigating multiple stages of the diagnostic pathway, we identified two factors that increased time to diagnosis: suspicion of depression/anxiety at presentation delayed specialist referral from primary care, and diagnosis by a specialist other than a neurologist delayed diagnosis of YOD.
Integrating Multiple Theoretical Perspectives on Informal Field-based Learning: The Self-regulated Informal Learning Cycle (SILC)
Authors: Decius Julian , Decius Lorenz , Beausaert Simon
Published: December 2024

Informal field-based learning (IFBL)—a subset of work-related learning that is informal, intentional, and self-directed—is a developmental process in which motivational, behavioral, and cognitive mechanisms interact. Despite the consensus on the role of cognitive processing in learning, research on informal learning is dominated by a behavioral focus on learning activities, while the cognitive perspective remains sidelined. In the Self-regulated Informal Learning Cycle we introduce here, we use metacognitive and memory system lenses to zoom into the (meta-)cognitive IFBL processes, considering intention as a motivational starting point of the learning process. Specifically, we draw on self-determination theory, achievement goal theory, memory concepts, and self-regulated learning models. Our cycle distinguishes five phases—preparation, action, encoding and consolidation, performance, and self-appraisal—and elaborates on IFBL processes at the intentional, behavioral, cognitive, and metacognitive level. Theoretical implications for human resource development, including the often-neglected role of time in IFBL, are discussed.
Experimental investigation of the engineering constants of architectural coated fabric under uniaxial and biaxial loading
Authors: Xu Junhao , Zhang Yingying , Zhao Yushuai , Sheng Lingyu , Fei Shuhuan
Published: December 2024

The mechanical properties of coated fabric demonstrate significant material nonlinearity. Presently, testing methods to determine the engineering constants of coated fabric include uniaxial loading and biaxial loading. However, the engineering constants obtained through these methods often differ. This paper presents experimental investigations into the uniaxial and biaxial mechanical properties of architectural coated fabric. Initially, the elastic modulus and Poisson effect of the coated fabric under uniaxial tension are determined using non-contact measurement techniques. Subsequently, the influence of different stress ratio combinations on the engineering constants of coated fabric is explored through biaxial tensile testing. Finally, biaxial shear tests are conducted on architectural coated fabric to examine the effects of prestress and shear stress amplitude on the shear modulus. The results indicate that the orthogonal linear elastic model under the plane stress framework provides a high fitting accuracy for the biaxial tensile test data of coated fabric, with a maximum fitted RSS of 0.0843. Additionally, the calculated elastic modulus depends on the selection of the stress ratio group. The elastic modulus derived from the biaxial tensile test is smaller than that obtained from the uniaxial tensile test. Furthermore, the shear modulus of the coated fabric shows a linear positive correlation with the initial pretension value and decreases as the shear stress amplitude increases.
Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab treatment in refractory MOG-IgG related optic neuritis
Authors: Xu Xintong , Wang Yuhang , Sun Mingming , Li Yuyu , Chen Biyue , Chen Xiyun , Xu Quangang , Wei Shihui , Zhou Huanfen
Published: December 2024

Background:

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) IgG related optic neuritis (ON) which manifests as recurrent episodes and severe visual impairment remains a challenging issue in relapse prevention. Tocilizumab (TCZ), a human monoclonal antibody against IL-6R, may be an alternative treatment for the prevention of relapse in refractory MOG-ON patients.

Objectives:

To investigate the efficacy and safety of Tocilizumab (TCZ) in patients with recurrent myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG related optic neuritis (MOG-ON).

Design:

We conducted an open-label, single-arm, nonrandomized, uncontrolled clinical trial at a tertiary neuro-ophthalmology center between April 1, 2021, and April 1, 2022.

Methods:

Participants with relapsed MOG-ON, whose disease had been resistant to previous immunotherapies, received tocilizumab as monotherapy or as an add-on therapy and were followed up for at least 12 months. Annual recurrence rate (ARR), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and adverse events were recorded for analyses.

Result:

Ten patients (7 females and 3 males) with relapsed MOG-ON were included with a mean (SD) ages of 28.6 (20.5) years old at disease onset and 30.9 (19.7) years at first TCZ administration, with a mean disease duration of 26.6 (11.3) months. Seven (70%) patients remained relapse-free, and the median (range) ARR dropped significantly from 1.9 (0.4–3.5) to 0.0 (0–4.0) during TCZ treatment ( p = 0.006). Three patients experienced a relapse of ON at 2, 3, and 7 months after TCZ therapy. The median BCVA improved from 2.7 (2.0–3.0) logMAR at the nadir to 0.2 (0–2.0) logMAR at the last follow-up. Adverse effects included transient diarrhea ( n = 1) and upper respiratory infection ( n = 1).

Conclusion:

This study supports that Tocilizumab therapy, with or without concomitant immunosuppression, is safe and effective in reducing relapses in MOG-ON patients who have failed immunosuppressive therapy or targeted B-cell therapy.

Trial registration:

This trial is registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, number ChiCTR2100045273. (URL: https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=124810 )
The Horizon of the Third Pole: Mapping future scenarios and strategic responses
Authors: Oli Krishna Prasad , Pandey Manish Raj
Published: December 2024

The Third Pole region, comprising the vast glaciers and water systems of the Hindu Kush Himalayas (HKH), is emerging as a key indicator of global climate change. Often referred to as the “Water Tower of Asia,” it sustains nearly 2 billion people through its water resources, yet the region is experiencing unprecedented changes. This review examines the region's evolving climate dynamics, focusing on key climate scenarios and potential strategic responses. The paper synthesizes data from the latest climate models, regional governance frameworks, and international climate policy developments to explore future pathways for the Third Pole. It also delves into the region's socio-economic vulnerabilities, water security challenges, and the geopolitical complexities of transboundary environmental governance. Our findings emphasize the need for proactive adaptation strategies, transboundary cooperation, and innovative policy mechanisms to mitigate climate risks. The review provides a roadmap for policymakers, scientists, and regional stakeholders to navigate the looming environmental crises, highlighting pathways that could forge a resilient future for the Third Pole.
Radiographic and Patient-Reported Outcomes for First Tarsometatarsal Arthrodesis Using an Intramedullary Nail for Hallux Valgus Deformity A Consecutive Case Series
Authors: Ott Connor C. , Shah Ayush D. , Seiffert Kayla J. , Stone McGaver Rebecca , Cammack Paul M. , Holthusen Scott M. , Seybold Jeffrey D. , Tanner John C. , Engasser William M.
Published: December 2024

Background

First tarsometatarsal (TMT) arthrodesis is one of the most common procedures performed each year for the correction of hallux valgus deformity, and nonunion rates for first TMT arthrodesis are commonly reported to be between 4% and 15%. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an intramedullary nail system in patients requiring first TMT arthrodesis.

Methods

An ambispective, multisurgeon, consecutive case series was conducted, in which retrospective and prospective collection of patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) and radiologic data were conducted. Patients who underwent first TMT arthrodesis from July 2019 to July 2022 for hallux valgus deformity with an intramedullary nail system and had adequate records for a minimum of 3 months postoperation (±4 weeks) were included.

Results

Seventy patients were included in the final analysis, with a median prospective PROM follow-up of 1.6 years. There was an overall union rate of 91.4% (64/70 patients). Nine patients required secondary procedures: 4 hardware removals and 5 nonunion revisions. Collected PROMs and radiologic data showed significant improved from preoperative to prospective follow-up (P < .01).

Conclusion

First TMT arthrodesis using an intramedullary nail system result in nonunion rates and PROMs comparable to other techniques currently being used.

Levels of Evidence:

Level IV: Retrospective Case Series
Preoperative Physical Therapy Is Protective From Construct Failure in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Peterman Nicholas J. , Hansen Brian K. , Sandefur Evan P. , Hackley Darren T. , Burks Garret , Pekas Devon R. , Tuttle John R.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) construct failure have been studied extensively. However, while some studies account for variables such as activity level, construct types, preoperative physical therapy, or patient demographics individually, comprehensive studies that control for all these factors simultaneously are scarce.

Hypothesis:

By utilizing a robust multivariable analysis, the factors associated with an increased risk of ACLR construct failure can be determined.

Study Design:

A single-center, retrospective cohort study was conducted, encompassing patients who underwent primary ACLR between January 2015 and December 2021.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3.

Methods:

Eligible patients were identified using the current procedural terminology code 29888. Datapoints collected included demographics, body mass index, injury setting, graft type, graft size, fixation type, concomitant ligamentous injuries, notchplasty, operating surgeon, preoperative physical therapy, and instances of construct failure. The prevalence of construct failure was analyzed using chi-square tests, comparing across all graft and fixation type combinations in ACLR procedures. A mixed-effects logistic regression model was utilized to account for the potential influence of all relevant variables on construct failure.

Results:

Out of 1245 patients, the construct failure rate was 5.62% (n = 70), with >95% of patients having >2 years of retrospective follow-up (95% CI [4.34-6.90]), with a median failure time of 502.5 days (interquartile range [265.5-1033.8]). The mixed-effect logistic model identified preoperative physical therapy (odds ratio, 0.404, 95% CI [0.193-0.844]) as the only significant factor in possibly preventing construct failure.

Conclusion:

Contrary to conventional focus on graft and fixation types, this study emphasizes the protective role of preoperative physical therapy in reducing ACLR construct failure.

Clinical Relevance:

Our findings suggest the integration of preoperative physical therapy in clinical practices to mitigate ACLR construct failure risk, warranting further exploration in future studies.
Radiomics of the Paranasal Sinuses: A Systematic Review of Computer-Assisted Techniques to Assess Computed Tomography Radiological Data
Authors: Darbari Kaul Rhea , Sacks Peta-Lee , Thiel Cedric , Rimmer Janet , Kalish Larry , Campbell Raewyn Gay , Sacks Raymond , Di Ieva Antonio , Harvey Richard John
Published: December 2024

Background

Radiomics is a quantitative approach to medical imaging, aimed to extract features into large datasets. By using artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies, large radiomic data can be analysed and translated into meaningful clinical applications. In rhinology, there is heavy reliance on computed tomography (CT) imaging of the paranasal sinus for diagnostics and assessment of treatment outcomes. Currently, there is an emergence of literature detailing radiomics use in rhinology.

Objective

This systematic review aims to assess the current techniques used to analyze radiomic data from paranasal sinus CT imaging.

Methods

A systematic search was performed using Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from January 1, 2019 until March 16, 2024 using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklist and Cochrane Library Systematic Reviews for Diagnostic and Prognostic Studies. The QUADAS-2 and PROBAST tools were utilized to assess risk of bias.

Results

Our search generated 1456 articles with 10 articles meeting eligibility criteria. Articles were divided into 2 categories, diagnostic (n = 7) and prognostic studies (n = 3). The number of radiomic features extracted ranged 4 to 1409, with analysis including non-AI-based statistical analyses (n = 3) or machine learning algorithms (n = 7). The diagnostic or prognostic utility of radiomics analyses were rated as excellent (n = 3), very good (n = 2), good (n = 2), or not reported (n = 3) based upon area under the curve receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC) or accuracy. The average radiomics quality score was 36.95%.

Conclusion

Radiomics is an evolving field which can augment our understanding of rhinology diseases, however there are currently only minimal quality studies with limited clinical utility.
Second-Look Needle Arthroscopy After Prior Surgical Treatment for Cartilage Lesions of the Ankle: The Amsterdam and New York City Perspectives
Authors: Walinga Alex B. , Butler James , Dahmen Jari , Stufkens Sjoerd A.S. , Robert Guillaume , Kennedy John G. , Kerkhoffs Gino M.M.J.
Published: December 2024

Objective

The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the quality of the reparative cartilage during second-look needle arthroscopy following talar osteoperiostic grafting from the iliac crest (TOPIC) or autologous osteochondral transplantation (AOT) procedure for the management of large osteochondral lesions (OCLs) of the talus.

Design

Prospective case series.

Methods

Patients who underwent second-look needle arthroscopy following either TOPIC or AOT procedure were prospectively recruited when they needed a second look. The primary outcome was the assessment of the quality of the reparative cartilage via second-look needle arthroscopy scored by the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) score. The secondary outcomes were the number and nature of needle arthroscopy interventions and complications associated with these interventions.

Results

Five patients underwent second-look needle arthroscopy following TOPIC procedure and 11 patients underwent second-look in-office needle arthroscopy following AOT. The mean ICRS in the TOPIC cohort was 9.4 ± 1.0 at a mean time of 24.4 months following the index procedure. The mean ICRS in the AOT cohort was 10.6 ± 1.3 at a mean time of 58.8 months following the index procedure. No complications were observed in either cohort.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that TOPIC and AOT lead to adequate-looking quality reparative cartilage at short-term to mid-term follow-ups. However, further studies with larger patient cohorts and longer follow-ups are warranted. Furthermore, second-look needle arthroscopy is a safe and viable minimally invasive procedure that can effectively evaluate the quality of reparative cartilage following surgical intervention for OCLs of the talus.
Tracheal tube infections in critical care: A narrative review of influencing factors, microbial agents, and mitigation strategies in intensive care unit settings
Authors: Motallebirad Tahereh , Mohammadi Mohammad Reza , Jadidi Ali , Safarabadi Mehdi , Kerami Azam , Azadi Davood , Hussein Ehab Salam
Published: December 2024

Tracheal tube infections pose significant challenges in the management of mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care units. These infections contribute to prolonged intensive care unit stays, increased healthcare costs, the spread of antibiotic resistance, and poor patient outcomes. This study aims to elucidate the complex relationship between environmental factors, hospital practices, and the incidence of tracheal tube infections. Our comprehensive review explores the impact of factors such as air quality, water sources, equipment contamination, ventilation strategies, infection control protocols, and microbial reservoirs within hospital settings on tracheal tube infection rates. Additionally, it investigates global variations in tracheal tube infection prevalence, which are influenced by differences in healthcare infrastructure, infection control adherence, antibiotic resistance profiles, and patient demographics. Our findings highlight the importance of targeted interventions and collaborative approaches to reduce the burden of tracheal tube infections and improve patient care in intensive care units. By fully understanding the interplay between environmental conditions and hospital practices, effective prevention and management strategies can be developed to reduce the impact of tracheal tube infections on patient outcomes and healthcare resources, ultimately enhancing the quality of care in critical care settings.
Analysis of factors affecting diagnosis of unilateral isolated fungal sphenoid sinusitis
Authors: Wang Yan , Chen Xiumei , Li Dajian , Zhang Yu , Sun Yan , Song Xicheng
Published: December 2024

Background:

To analyze the characteristics and factors influencing the diagnosis of unilateral isolated fungal sphenoid sinusitis.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of patients who underwent surgery for unilateral isolated sphenoid sinusitis between June 2020 and May 2023. Data collected included variables such as gender, age, side of the specimen, symptoms, sinus computed tomography findings, pathological results, and complications. The patients were categorized into two groups: the sphenoid sinusitis group and the fungal sphenoid sinusitis group.

Results:

Among the 84 cases studied, there were 19 males (22.6%) and 65 females (77.4%). Inflammation was observed in 11 patients (13.1%), while fungi were detected in 73 patients (86.9%). Headache was reported in 74 cases (88.1%). Sinus computed tomography findings revealed calcified plaques/spots in 51 cases (60.7%), hyperosteogeny in 75 cases (89.3%), and bone destruction in 11 cases (13.1%). The thickness of the sinus wall ranged from 0.92 to 7.35 mm. The thickness ratio of the bilateral sinus walls ranged from 0.80 to 6.78. The chi-square test indicated significant differences between the two groups in terms of calcified plaques/spots, hyperosteogeny, the thickness of the lesion-side sinus wall, and the ratio of bilateral sinus walls ( p < 0.05). Diagnostic tests using the ROC curve demonstrated that calcified plaques/spots, the thickness of the lesion-side sinus wall, and the ratio of bilateral sinus walls had moderate accuracy in diagnosing fungal sphenoid sinusitis.

Conclusion:

While headache is not a specific symptom of fungal sphenoid sinusitis, sinus computed tomography findings such as calcified plaque/spots, the thickness of the lesion-side sinus wall, and the thickness ratio of bilateral sinus walls are valuable for diagnosis.
Protecting Privacy on Social Media: Mitigating Cyberbullying and Data Heist Through Regulated Use and Detox, with a Mediating Role of Privacy Safety Motivations
Authors: Niu Jing , Mazhar Bilal , Haq Inam Ul , Maqsood Fatima
Published: December 2024

Information theft and cyberbullying pose significant threats to users’ privacy on social media. This study applies Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) to explore how online information disclosure awareness and privacy concerns influence protective actions, such as regulated social media usage and detoxification, in response to negative experiences like data heist and cyberbullying. Analyzing survey responses from 1,000 social media users in Pakistan, ranging in age from 18 years to over 50, and using the snowball sampling technique, our findings reveal that awareness of online information disclosure mediates the relationship between data theft and regulated social media use. Privacy concerns similarly mediate the relationship between cyberbullying experiences and social media detoxification, aligning with PMT. In addition, negative online experiences directly correlate with privacy safety behaviors, indicating that motivations may not always drive protective actions. This research sheds light on the intricate dynamics between privacy concerns, negative online experiences, and protective behaviors, offering insights for interventions and policies to enhance users’ digital privacy and safety. Understanding these relationships is crucial for addressing the challenges of information theft and cyberbullying in the digital landscape.
Does Risk Tolerance Mediates the Relationship Between Financial Literacy and Financial Wellbeing During COVID-19: Empirical Evidence From an Emerging Economy
Authors: Naveed Muhammad , Ali Shoaib
Published: December 2024

This study aims to explore the role of financial literacy in determining financial well-being during COVID-19. Additionally, we plan to examine how risk tolerance mediates between financial literacy and overall well-being. The data of 367 active individual investors on the Pakistan Stock Exchange was taken utilizing convenience sampling and the survey methodology. The relationship between financial literacy, risk tolerance, and financial well-being was investigated using structural equation modeling. The data were analyzed through Smart PLS. The finding of the study highlights that both advance and basic financial literacy have a positive and significant association with investor well-being. Furthermore, financial literacy has a favorable indirect impact on financial well-being highlighted in this study through risk tolerance. The effect of financial literacy on financial well-being was remarkably consistent across levels of demographic variables such as education, gender and age suggesting that improving financial literacy levels in the population may be an effective strategy to increase financial capability across the board during the COVID-19 crisis. The outcome of the study has several policy implications for investors and policymakers during uncertain times such as COVID-19, as providing literacy positively contributes to their risk tolerance which then translates into higher financial well-being. The paper’s novelty is that the authors have explored the mechanism by which basic and advanced levels of financial literacy influence investors’ risk tolerance and financial well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic in an emerging economy. It adds to the literature in behavioral finance, explicitly probing the impact of financial literacy on financial well-being; this field is in its initial stage, even in developed countries, while little work has been done in emerging countries.

JEL Classification: B21, D01, D91, G11, J26, H31.
The Effect of Turkish Teacher Candidates’ Personality Traits on Academic Self-efficacy and Effective Communication Self-efficacy
Authors: Aydın Erkan
Published: December 2024

The study aims to uncover the influence of positive personality traits among Turkish language teacher candidates on their effective communication self-efficacy and academic self-efficacy. Furthermore, it seeks to identify the mediating variable effect of effective communication self-efficacy. To achieve these objectives, the research employed the relational survey model. The sample comprised 345 students enrolled in the Turkish Language Teaching Department at various universities in Türkiye at the undergraduate level. Structural equation modeling was utilized for the analysis. The research findings indicate that possessing positive personality traits positively impacts the academic self-efficacy levels of pre-service teachers. Additionally, having positive personality traits contributes to an increase in their effective communication self-efficacy levels. The study demonstrates that as pre-service teachers’ effective communication self-efficacy levels rise, so do their academic self-efficacy levels. In conclusion, the research unveils that the effective communication self-efficacy levels of pre-service teachers mediate the relationship between positive personality traits and academic self-efficacy, and effective communication self-efficacy determines the strength of the connection between these two variables.
Financial Constraints and Bankruptcy Risks of Listed Firms in Vietnam: Does Firm Size Matter?
Authors: Le Hoa Thanh Phan , Pham Tuan Nhat , Tran Trang Ngoc Doan , Dang Han Gia , Duong Khoa Dang
Published: December 2024

This study examines how financial constraints and total assets affect the corporate bankruptcy risk of listed firms in Vietnam. Specifically, we test whether larger firms are less financially constrained and have lower distress risk subsequently. This study employs the dynamic system Generalized Method of Moments to analyze an unbalanced sample of 1,990 firm-year observations from 2010 to 2019. The results indicate that larger firm size increases the Z-score index, implying that larger firms have lower bankruptcy risk. Our finding also reports that financial constraints reduce the Z-score index, suggesting that financially constrained firms have extremely high bankruptcy risk. Our findings also show the inverted U-shape relationship between financial constraints and distress risk. Our results support the too-big-to-fall theory, the trade-off theory, the agency theory, and prior literature. Finally, our study contributes practical implications for managing bankruptcy risks in emerging markets.

JEL Classification: G30, G31.
Biomechanical Evaluation of Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction Grafts Fixed at Nonanatomic Femoral Insertion Points: MPFL Reconstruction And Femoral Tunnel Location
Authors: Rosenthal Reece M. , Mortensen Alexander J. , Gupta Andrew S. , Illing Damian , Guss Andrew , Presson Angela P. , Burks Robert T. , Aoki Stephen K.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Improved patient outcomes and decreased patellar instability have been reported after medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction for recurrent lateral patellar dislocation; however, there is a lack of comparative evidence on functional outcomes associated with different femoral attachment sites for the MPFL graft.

Purpose:

To identify differences in MPFL reconstruction graft isometry with femoral tunnel malpositioning, specifically evaluating isometric differences as the femoral position is moved anterior, posterior, proximal, and distal relative to the Schöttle point, the femoral radiographic landmark of the MPFL.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

A biomechanical study evaluating 11 fresh-frozen cadaveric knees was conducted. Nonelastic suture, used as an analog to the MPFL graft, was anchored with the knee at 30° flexion at the Schöttle point and at 5 and 10 mm anterior, posterior, superior, and distal to the Schöttle point. A draw wire displacement sensor was used to evaluate length changes of the MPFL graft analog through 0° to 120° knee flexion. Knee flexion position was continuously measured using a motion tracking system. Pairwise t tests with Bonferroni correction were used to compare isometry between the Schöttle point and the nonanatomic femoral insertion points.

Results:

Grafts placed at the Schöttle point proved mildly anisometric, with tightening in extension and loosening in flexion. Similarly, grafts placed distally and posteriorly also demonstrated tightening in extension and loosening in flexion. Grafts placed anteriorly and proximally demonstrated tightening in flexion. Pairwise comparisons relative to the Schöttle point found that grafts placed proximally or distally demonstrated significant differences in total MPFL excursion magnitude (10 mm proximal: 0.36 [ P = .03], 5 mm distal: 0.14 [ P = .01], 10 mm distal: 0.22 [ P < .001]).

Conclusion:

When deviating from the Schöttle point, posterior and distal femoral tunnel positionings minimized the risk of MPFL graft tightening during knee flexion. Errant anterior and proximal positioning were concerning for MPFL overconstraint, and proximal tunnel placement was most at-risk.

Clinical Relevance:

An understanding of the effects that femoral tunnel malpositioning has on graft isometry is crucial to minimizing instability or overconstraint, which leads to anterior knee pain, increased patellofemoral contact pressures, or graft failure.
Primary Thrombotic Microangiopathy in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Aranzazu Ceballos Andrés David , María Martínez Sánchez Lina , Pamplona Sierra Ana Paulina , Vergara Yánez Daniela , Franco Hincapié Liliana , Baquero Rodriguez Richard
Published: December 2024

Background. Primary thrombotic microangiopathy includes hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Methodology. A retrospective study that included patients younger than 18 years diagnosed with primary thrombotic microangiopathy between 2011 and 2021. Results. Thirty patients were included, of which 63% corresponded to a hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, and 30% to the atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. The median age was 2.8 years and female sex predominated at 57%. On admission to the emergency room, fever and fatigue were the most frequent symptoms (93%), followed by oliguria and anuria (80%). 48% of patients received hemodialysis during their care. Mortality was estimated at 13%. Conclusion. This study constitutes the largest series of primary thrombotic microangiopathy in the pediatric population of Latin America, where the etiological and clinical behavior of this condition is described.