bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency of Abnormal EEG Findings in Children from 1 Month to 16 Years of Age Presenting with Epilepsy to Shifa International Hospital Islamabad
Authors: Ullah Rahman , Ullah Inayat , Said Zahir
Published: August 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine frequency of abnormal EEG findings in children from 1 month to 16 years of age presenting with epilepsy to Shifa International Hospital Islamabad. Study Design: It was a cross-sectional study. Setting: Research was conducted at Department of Pediatric Medicine, Shifa International Hospital Islamabad Duration: Duration of study was 6 months from 31st May 2018 to 30th November 2018. Material and Methods: This study involved 217 children of both genders aged between 1 month to 16 years diagnosed of epilepsy who were evaluated by EEG which was labeled abnormal if the wave frequency was 7 MHz or less. A written informed consent was obtained from parents of each patient. Results: The mean age of the children was 7.3±4.4 years. Majority (n=106, 48.8%) of the children were aged 5 years and under followed by 57 (26.3%) children aged between 6-10 years and 54 (24.9%) children aged between 11-16 years. There were 131 (60.4%) male and 86 (39.6%) female children in the study group with a male to female ratio of 1.5:1. Generalized seizures were most frequent type of seizures and were observed in 173 (79.7%) children followed by partial (10.6%), absence (7.4%) and unprovoked (2.3%) seizures. The duration of epilepsy ranged from 1 to 24 months with a mean of 10.8±6.5 months. Abnormal EEG was noted in 170 (78.3%) children with epilepsy. There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of abnormal EEG across various subgroups based on child’s age (p-value=0.989), gender (p-value=0.900) and duration (p-value=0.958) and type of epilepsy (p-value=0.992). Conclusion: Abnormal EEG was observed in a substantial proportion of children with epilepsy which advocates preferred use of EEG in the diagnostic evaluation of such children owing to its non-invasive nature, low cost and widespread availability. Keywords: Epilepsy, Seizures, Electroencephalography
Comparison of Uterine Artery Dynamics in Normotensive and Hypertensive Pregnancies on Doppler Ultrasound
Authors: Asif Mishal , Farooq Syed Muhammad Yousaf , Saleemee Talha , Asif Muhammad Talha , Gull Zartash , Talat Hafsa , Suleman Taiba , Mudassar Ayesha , Kamran Muhammad , Ullah Irfan
Published: August 2022

Background: Hypertension during pregnancy is a common disease that can alter the health of both mothers and fetus. It is a leading cause of maternal, fetal, and neonatal death, as well as an increased risk of having an undesirable pregnancy outcome. Objective: To compare uterine artery dynamics in normotensive and gestational hypertensive pregnancies on Doppler ultrasound. Methodology: A cross-sectional case control study was carried out in Radiology department of District Head Quarter (DHQ) hospital, Faisalabad. Written consent was taken from all patients before the ultrasound examination. The calculated sample size was 98. Patients were assessed for eligibility in inclusion criteria. Confirmation of intrauterine living pregnancy and gestational age was done with routine obstetric ultrasound. Enrolled pregnant patients both normal and hypertensive were assessed for uterine artery Doppler ultrasound examination. Results: Ninety eight women, forty-nine with hypertension and forty-nine normal women participated in the investigation. The comparison of data showed that pre pregnancy weight and mean blood pressure were significantly high in hypertensive group when compared to the normotensive group (P <0.05). Doppler ultrasound also showed that the values of uterine artery parameters such as S/D Ratio, PI, RI was significantly high in hypertensive group when compared to the normotensive group (P <0.05). Conclusion: The Uterine artery Doppler parameters are significantly higher in hypertensive patients as compared to normotensive patients. According to the findings of our study, notching on the right, left, or bilateral, as well as Pulsatility index and Resistivity Index, are diagnostic parameters for evaluating the complications before they worsen. Keywords: Uterine artery, Gestational hypertension, Doppler Ultrasound, Doppler Indices, Pre-Eclampsia
Assesment of Root Apices Closureof Permanent Incisors and First Molars in Digital Orthopantomographs: A Pilot Study From Pakistan
Authors: Anees Wahaj , Shah Falak Murad , Khan Jamal Nasir , Jabeen Naima , Abu Bakar Siddique Hafiz Muhammad , Shoro Suman , Akram Sadia , Ullah Irfan
Published: August 2022

Objective:The purpose of the current study is to assess the degree of closure of the root apices of primary molars and permanent incisors in young children. Study Design:Retrospective study Place and Duration: This study was carried out at Department of Oral Biology, Sardar Begum Dental College, Peshawar from January, 2022 to July 2022. Methods: There were 130 patients of both genders with ages 4-16 years were presented. After obtaining informed written consent, the enrolled cases' detailed demographics, including age, sex, body mass, and locale, were computed. Digital orthopantomographs of all the patients were taken. Chi square test was used to assess differences among closure of root apices of permanent incisors and first molars among all cases. SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze all data. Results:Among 130 included cases, 80 (61.5%) were females and the rest were males 50 (38.5%).Mean age of the cases were 12.6±4.72 years. 85 (65.4%) cases had body mass index <18 kg/m2 and 45 (34.6%) patients had BMI >18kg/m2. There were 76 (58.5%) cases had urban and 54 (41.5%) patients had rural residency. Permanent incisors were 82 (63.1%) and first molars were 48 (36.9%). At age between 5-9 years frequency of closed root apices of mandibular central incisors was 50 (60.9%) and closed maxillary first molars were 22 (51.2%). At age 10-15 years number of closed root apices of central incisors were 65 (79.3%) and closed root apices of first molars were 30 (62.5%) with p value <0.003. Conclusion:In this study, we came to the conclusion that the majority of root apices of permanent incisors and first molars in children in the studied sample close early compared to earlier reports, which is consistent with the pattern of emergence of permanent teeth previously reported in children. Keywords:Root Apices, First Molars, Permanent Incisors, Children
Effects of Vestibular Stimulation on Balance in Children with Quadriplegic Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Bashir Asma , Arshad Hira , Shabbir Amber , Abid Farwa , Khalid Muhammad Usman , Khan Rehan Ramzan
Published: August 2022

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the effects of vestibular stimulation on balance in quadriplegic cerebral palsy. Methodology: This was quasi experimental study in which total 44 quadriplegic cerebral palsy children were included who have no associated neurogenic conditions which may be aggravated with vestibular stimulation such as epilepsy or other orthopedic or functional complication. The children were assessed by an independent assessor before and after 6 weeks of vestibular stimulation. The assessment was made on gross motor measure and pediatric evaluation disability index. The data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Paired sample t test was used for pre-post testing. Results: The descriptive statistics of paired samples regarding Gross Motor Function Measure showed mean and standard deviation to be 49.61±1.75 and 64.54±1.04 before and after treatment, respectively. Paired sample testing for pre-post treatment measurement of mean score of Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) showed that mean difference and standard deviation found to be 14.93±1.90 with a significant p value 0.00. The descriptive statistics of paired samples regarding Total PEDI score showed mean and standard deviation to be 42.88±0.86 and 51.47±1.24 before and after treatment, respectively. Paired sample testing for pre-post treatment measurement of mean score of total Pediatric Evaluation Disability Inventory (PEDI) showed that mean difference and standard deviation found to be 8.59±1.48 with a significant p value 0.00. Conclusion: The findings of study concluded that vestibular stimulation has significant effect of vestibular stimulation on balance in quadriplegic cerebral palsy. Moreover, there were seen significant improvement in other domains such as behavior, emotions, psychology and interactive learning approach. Keywords: Cerebral Palsy, Quadriplegia, Child, Vestibular Stimulation
Biblical Exegesis and Theology in Thomas Aquinas
Authors: Roszak Piotr
Published: August 2022

In the face of the dichotomy of biblical exegesis and theology, one of the main postulates of Biblical Thomism is the integration of both activities. In this sense, it is understandable why there are philosophical threads in exegesis, and why we find many scripture references in sacra doctrina. The article, first presenting modern attempts to separate exegesis from theology, analyzes the three aspects of studying Sacred Scripture in practicing theology according to Aquinas. For him, exegesis is the alphabet of theology, but the requirement is that the extraction of the meanings of Scripture should be complemented by theological activity.
Insurgency in Nigeria, Boko Haram's Operations and Future Outlook
Authors: Akowe Osagwereme Martins
Published: August 2022

The Boko Haram insurgency has been a devastating conflict in terms of loss of lives, property, and downfall of economic activity in Nigeria. Indeed, the Boko Haram Conflict has not only adversely affected the most populous country in Africa but affected all countries in the Chad Basin. Religious extremism has been identified as one of the factors behind the Boko Haram Sect but there is a dearth of quality research on that subject. Many other studies have explored the social and political factors behind the sect. This research has drawn a nexus between the activities of Boko Haram insurgents in Nigeria to religious extremism, as well as some remote social and political factors that have contributed to the rise of the sect.
The continuing terror being visited in several areas of Northern Nigeria and some other West African countries has necessitated the need of a probe into the root cause and factors influencing the growth of the sect. This is geared towards finding a sustainable solution to the conflict and similar conflicts that may want to arise in future. The research methodology deployed by the researcher includes qualitative and doctrinal methods.
The research is in 4 sections, and it explores the different conceptions of terrorism, insurgency, and religious extremism and how they can be used to explain the nature of Boko Haram's operations. The research also assesses the future outlook of the Boko Haram insurgency, considering the coalition of the armed terrorist group with the Islamic State West African Province and what this means for the fight against insurgency in the Chad Basin region. In conclusion, the research recommends that Nigeria will need to address several issues ranging from economic challenges, as well as getting external support in fighting the Boko Haram insurgents.
concepto de Enodiplomacia y su aplicación en los Estudios Internacionales
Authors: Lacoste Pablo , Negrín de la Peña José Antonio
Published: August 2022

Se indaga el concepto enodiplomacia y su eventual aporte y aplicación en los Estudios Internacionales. El término forma parte de un proceso mayor, como parte de la gastrodiplomacia, que ya ha tenido reconocimiento teórico. También se ubica dentro de las estrategias de poder blando (soft power), en el sentido del empleo del vino y la cultura del vino como medio para proyectar el prestigio y la imagen país. Asimismo, se detecta un patrón en el sentido de la centralidad que algunos países productores han dedicado al vino en sus estrategias de política exterior económica.
Models for the settlement of territorial conflicts
Authors: Froltsov V. V. , Marmontova T. V. , Bolshakov A. G. , Ataev A. V.
Published: August 2022

The article presents the materials of a round table held at the National Research Institute for the Communications Development (Moscow, Russia), the main topic of which was the experience of resolving territorial conflicts.

A wide range of issues related to the theory and practice of crisis resolution practices is considered. The main political and legal approaches and diplomatic instruments to international mediation in the settlement of territorial conflicts are characterized. The results of the study of the historical experience of international mediation in the settlement of territorial conflicts are presented. A data-based methodology is proposed that allows evaluate information sources covering the conflict.

The conflicts in Central Asia and the Caucasus that took place in different periods are considered. Territorial conflicts are numerous in the Central Asian region. They are mainly related to the absence of official state borders between the three countries: Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan. The most complex, large-scale, and bloody is the conflict between Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan in 2021, which was supported by the armed forces of the two countries. Negotiations, delimitation, and demarcation of borders are still the most significant alternative to existing conflicts.

The tools for managing these events are highlighted. A set of recommendations is proposed that has scientific and practical significance in terms of anti-crisis response strategies in the post-Soviet space.
The influence of elites on the choice of the vector of development of the region
Authors: Chernyshov M. M.
Published: August 2022

The article deals with the issues of typology of regional elites in connection with their influence on the choice of models of political, state and socio-economic development of regions. The author singles out and describes the types of the regional elite (conservative, radical, progressive and colonial), proposes a methodical approach to classify representatives of the regional elite as a certain type based on their financial and property characteristics. For groups of regional elites, behavioral vectors (matrix of vectors) and targets (matrix of goals) are systematized, a scheme for the correlation of the «matrix of goals» (the goal of the elite in the region, an attractive system of power, attitude to the center, the landmark of the concept of change) and the «matrix of vectors» ( planning horizon, migration mobility, negotiability, escalation of violence) in the format of a “compass of elite behavior” (shows guidelines for socio-political development under the dominance of certain types of regional elite). The idea of developing «maps of spheres of influence and interests» of various elite groups has been put forward (it allows for the formalization of resources, motives and intentions, the creation of logical and mathematical models of the behavior of elite groups, monitoring and forecasting systems). The necessity of creating platforms for dialogue between groups of regional elites on the main guidelines for spatial development is substantiated.
Friendly communication modes of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Moldova in the realities of fragmentation of the world communication order
Authors: Tatarov R. A.
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the issue of friendliness as a category for determining the current state of the communication regimes of the Republic of Moldova and the Russian Federation at the regional level. In the process of research, the theoretical and methodological base was involved, the basis of which was the works of representatives of political realism and social constructivism. In the course of the analysis, it was possible to identify the main components that make it possible to judge the nature of the friendliness of the two communication regimes, including: the consistency of national interests in the region; parameters of cooperation in the field of security, in the field of trade and economic cooperation, in the plane of the humanitarian direction. A separate place is occupied by the issue of settlement of Moldovan-Pridnestrovian relations, in which Russia is given the place of a guarantor of peace and security in the region. It is proved that in the socio-political discourse of Moldova, Russia is perceived as one of the main participants in the regional system of relations, in connection with which geopolitical parties were formed on the political condition of the Moldovan state, of which one part stands for the European integration of Moldova, the other for balanced relations between Moldova, the EU and Russia, giving preference to the European vector. The third forces – of the unionist persuasion are in favor of the integration of Moldova into Romania. It is determined that the degree of friendliness of the regimes is directly dependent on the gradation of the national interests of the states in the region and their connection with external actors.
Promising Forms of the Growth of Socio-Political Activity of the Youth in Modern Russian Region
Authors: Gukova I. N.
Published: August 2022

The article deals with the problem of the socio-political activity of young people in modern Russia and its civic position. Regional experience is analyzed on how to politically activate the youth. On the example of the Belgorod region, the forms of the growth of the socio-political activity of young people, including youth representation and youth public associations, are considered. Much attention is paid to the professional education of political science students as the most socially and politically active part of the student body, to the areas of prevention of destructive political behaviour. Problems are identified that impede the socio-political activation of young people, primarily students who are not political scientists, students of colleges, lyceums, colleges and schools. Among the problems are an insufficient level of knowledge about political life, a low level of awareness of ongoing political events, and an unformed civic position. Promising, in the author’s opinion, forms of growth of social and political activity of young people with interest and leadership qualities are proposed - participation in the activities of youth parliaments, youth governments, youth election commissions, specialized political science clubs. There is a need for mass political education and prevention of destructive political activity among the youth.
Unrest in Nukus: Inside View
Authors: Juraev S. A. , Akin A. H.
Published: August 2022

In this analytical article, the authors study the public discussion of constitutional reforms in Uzbekistan. The reasons and necessity of amendments to the legislation are analyzed. The motives underlying the support of the President’s ideas by the political parties of the country, including such parties as, among them, the Liberal Democratic, People’s Democratic, as well as the Milli Tiklanish and Adolat parties, are investigated. Particular attention is paid to the open and pragmatic work of the constitutional commission established in the Parliament of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The authors explore the substance and the content of the information and psychological influence, including calls for separatist actions from the outside, spread among the population of Karakalpakstan. The causes, conditions and behavior of some youth representatives participating in illegal meetings are analyzed. Observing the information flows in social networks and the Internet, the authors compiled an analytical chronology of the events that took place in Nukus from June 26 till July 3.
Methodology for Analyzing the Manageability of Country Communication Modes
Authors: Komleva V. V.
Published: August 2022

Analyzing of communication modes is a new direction not only in Russian, but also in foreign studies. As a result, methodology is just being formed. The article is devoted to the description of the author’s methodology, which allows to identify the types of management and the degree of controllability of communication modes in different countries. The author relies on a systematic, cybernetic approach, on the theory of complex systems, uses the matrix method and the method of comparative analysis. Manageability is defined as a measure of control by the the management center (management entities that make decisions about rules and communication institutions), taking into account the voluntary consent of the objects of management with the level of their autonomy and subordination. The basis of the author’s methodology are three significant parameters: 1) location (inside or outside the country); 2) level of conventionality of the communication regime management centre; 3) assessment of the indicators of manageability. The main criteria of manageability are: the ability of communication mode control centres to transfer it from one state to another without conflict; the ability to achieve the controlled parameters of communication mode; the ability to use the mechanisms of self-organization and self-reflection of control objects to regulate communication modes.
Prevalence of adverse drug reactions among MDR-TB patients with different anti tubercular regimens
Authors: Swamy P Narayana , Kumar V Santhosh
Published: August 2022

Aim: The main aim of this study is to monitor the adverse drug reactions among the patients treated with different regimens for MDR-TB. Materials and Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with MDR-TB of either gender and with an age of above 18 years were included in this study. The causality assessment of the ADRs was done by using the Naranjo’s scale and according to this scale, the ADRs were classified based on the scores into definite ADRs (≥9), probable ADRs (5-8), possible ADRs (1-4) and doubtful ADRs (0). Results: Among the 300 study participants, 129 (43%) were observed to be with various adverse drug reactions in this study. In this study, most of the ADRs were observed to be with gastrointestinal related (37.2%) followed by nausea & vomiting (20.2%), According to the Naranjo’s scale, the causality assessment was done and it was observed that among the 129 cases. Conclusion: According to the Naranjo’s causality assessment, most of the ADRs were possible ADRs followed by probable, most of the ADRs were observed to be with moderate severity followed by mild severity.
La educación de los consumidores: una deuda del sistema escolar en El Salvador
Authors: Herrera Sánchez Rolando Ernesto , Pérez Hernández Mónica Esther
Published: August 2022

En la actualidad, el hiperconsumo se ha convertido no solo en una práctica normalizada sino, también, en un símbolo de valía personal. La posesión de bienes materiales suele percibirse como un condicionante del valor propio ante los demás y, en esta lógica, se generan diversos impactos adversos tanto para el individuo como para el entorno. Ante este contexto, ¿cuál ha sido la postura del sistema educativo nacional para contender la narrativa de la sociedad de consumo? Ciertamente, en El Salvador se han implementado algunas iniciativas para responder a esta problemática a través de la formación escolar. Sin embargo, las mismas no han logrado permear de forma significativa en los hábitos de consumo de los salvadoreños.

Este artículo tiene dos propósitos. Primero, desarrolla la tesis que la educación de los consumidores ha sido una temática relegada en el sistema escolar de El Salvador, pese a ser uno de los ejes transversales consignados en los Fundamentos Curriculares de la Educación Nacional. Segundo, se hace una propuesta de los elementos que una intervención pedagógica debería incorporar para el abordaje de esta temática, ya que se argumenta que la escuela juega un papel crucial para fomentar el consumo basado en la dignidad de la persona humana.
Algunas reflexiones sobre la competencia tecnológica para el Desarrollo Profesional Docente
Authors: López Rodríguez Sandra Milena
Published: August 2022

Actualmente, existe un sin número de herramientas tecnológicas para ser integradas a la labor docente; pero, muchos de ellos las desconocen o las utilizan sin tener clara la intencionalidad que estas cumplen en los procesos de enseñanza. Para ello, este artículo es un ejercicio de reflexión acerca del nivel explorador y los descriptores de progreso que relaciona la competencia tecnológica desde el modelo “Competencias TIC para el desarrollo profesional docente” propuesto por el MEN de Colombia (2013). Estas reflexiones surgen a partir de los resultados del diagnóstico aplicado a los docentes de un colegio privado de Colombia, con el objetivo de determinar el nivel de desarrollo de dicha competencia, encontrando que no alcanzan aún al progreso de los descriptores del momento explorador. Finalmente, se diseña una propuesta de un plan de formación para la integración de la competencia tecnológica, de acuerdo con el nivel explorador y sus respectivos descriptores, que les permita a los docentes reconocer un amplio espectro de herramientas tecnológicas y algunas formas de integrarlas a la práctica educativa, contribuyendo a la cualificación profesional.
Space to Learn: The best way to schedule studying
Authors:   Character Lab, Bjork Robert A.
Published: August 2022

When I was a student, I often spent the entire day before a test studying—sometimes even staying up all night. Cramming is a time-honored tradition among students—one that is certainly better than not studying at all. But if you’ll need to remember the material later, maybe in a subsequent course, then cramming is a very bad idea. Why? Because cramming is followed by rapid forgetting.
The Carbonatite-Related Morro do Padre Niobium Deposit, Catalão II Complex, Central Brazil
Authors: Palmieri Matheus , Brod José Affonso , Cordeiro Pedro , Gaspar José Carlos , Barbosa Paulo Afonso Ribeiro , de Assis Luis Carlos , Junqueira-Brod Tereza Cristina , Silva Sério Eduardo e , Milanezi Bruno Palhares , Machado Sergio Augusto , Jácomo Marta Henriques
Published: August 2022

The Morro do Padre deposit contains a valuable niobium resource estimated at 14.5 Mt at 1.52 wt % Nb2O5 (at a cut-off grade of 0.5% Nb2O5) hosted in carbonatite-related rocks and their regolith in the southern part of the Catalão II Complex, in central Brazil. Morro do Padre shares numerous geologic features with some of the biggest niobium producers in the world (the Boa Vista mine, also in Catalão II, the Mina II in Catalão I, and the CBMM mine in the Araxá Complex) and can help advance our understanding of the ore formation processes involved. The Morro do Padre hypogene zone is characterized by E-W–trending dike swarms of tetraferriphlogopite phoscorites (magnetite-apatite-carbonate-tetraferriphlogopite-pyrochlore rocks) and carbonatites intrusive within Precambrian rocks. The magmatic origin of these Nb-rich rocks is supported by country rock xenoliths within dikes and ponding into a stratified sill with repetitive cumulus layers. At least two tetraferriphlogopite phoscorite phases (apatite-rich or pegmatoidal P1 and the magnetite-rich P2) and two carbonatite phases (C1 calcite carbonatite and C2 dolomite carbonatite) are present. The bulk of hypogene mineralization is primarily controlled by the emplacement of P2 dikes and secondarily by C1 and C2 dikes where pyrochlore is accessory. Whole-rock and pyrochlore chemistry and textural and spatial relationships suggest that the genesis of P2 (and that of the niobium deposit) is due to the emplacement of a parental dolomite carbonatite magma that crystallized medium- to coarse-grained magnetite, apatite, tetraferriphlogopite, and pyrochlore on dike walls upon cooling, in an elaborate magmatic type of “cumulate dike build-up.” Weathering generated the regolith zone, where the dissolution of barren phases compounded the Nb concentration even further. Morro do Padre showcases the role of carbonatite-phoscorite magmatism in producing Fe-P-Nb–rich rocks and economic niobium mineralization.
Specii de insecte rare din Republica Moldova
Authors:   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, Tugulea Cristina , Bacal Svetlana ,   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, Busmachiu Galina ,   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova
Published: August 2022

Această lucrare include descrierea unor specii de insecte rare din ordinele Lepidoptera, Coleoptera și Hymenoptera din fauna Republicii Moldova, aliniindu-se țărilor europene, care deja au conștientizat pericolul pierderii biodiversității și au elaborat asemenea lucrări în scopul popularizării cunoștințelor existente în domeniul entomologiei și protecției speciilor rare. Lucrarea include doar o mică parte din insecte rare, poate fi utilizată ca ghid pentru toți doritorii de a cunoaște răspândirea speciilor în țară și după hotarele ei, aspecte din ecologia, biologie, statul speciilor și factorii limitativi. Broșura este adresată unui cerc larg de naturaliști, entomologi, biologi, ecologi, cadre didactice din instituțiile de învățământ, elevilor, studenților, tuturor celor pasionați de natură și insecte.
Fauna colembolelor (Hexapoda: Collembola) din Republica Moldova
Authors:   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, Busmachiu Galina
Published: August 2022

Lucrarea include rezultatele cercetărilor faunistice și ecologice ale reprezentanţilor clasei Collembola (Hexapoda), realizate pe întregul teritoriu al Republicii Moldova, în cele mai diverse habitate atât naturale, cât și antropizate, în decursul celor treizeci de ani de activitate. Cartea a fost concepută ca un sprijin metodologic pentru studierea unui grup numeros și puțin cunoscut de nevertebrate din Republica Moldova, importanța căruia a fost ignorată timp îndelungat și este destinată zoologilor, entomologilor, ecologilor, specialiștilor în domeniul protecției mediului și silvicultorilor.
Mamiferele insectivore (mammalia: erinaceomorpha, soricomorpha) din Republica Moldova
Authors:   Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, Nistreanu Victoria
Published: August 2022

Monografia cuprinde rezultatele cercetărilor de 15 ani ale faunei de mamifere insectivore din ecosistemele naturale și antropizate ale Republicii Moldova. Sunt reflectate probleme de taxonomie și sistematică, morfologie externă și craniană, răspândire pe teritoriul republicii, elucidate particularitățile ecologice ale comunităților de mamifere insectivore, pe teritoriul republicii în general, în ecosistemele forestiere, în habitatele umede, în ecosistemele urbane, este dată analiza dinamicii multianuale și a modificărilor survenite în ultimii 70 de ani, s-a evidențiat importanța insectivorelor în relațiile biocenotice ale lumii vii și necesitatea protecției și conservării speciilor de mamifere insectivore și a habitatelor lor. Cartea este destinată zoologilor, ecologilor, specialiștilor în domeniul protecției mediului și amatorilor de natură.
Modelling the Societal Burden of Anthrax in Cattle in the Western Province of Zambia Using a Modification of Disability Adjusted Life Years
Authors:   Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia., Banda Yolan , Mumba Chisoni ,   Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia., Simuunza Martin ,   Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia, Hang’ombe Bernard ,   Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.
Published: August 2022

Anthrax, which is a naturally occurring zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, has been endemic in Western Zambia. This paper estimated the societal burden of anthrax on cattle using Productivity Adjusted Life Years (PALYs) among cattle farmers in the Western Province of Zambia. A quantitative cross-sectional study design was used to collect data from cattle farmers in Mongu, Nalolo and Limulunga districts of Western Zambia. The Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) model for human populations was modified and adapted to the animal population model, PALYs, to estimate the societal burden of animal diseases. The integral calculator was used to estimate the societal disease burden of anthrax using PALY equations in three categories: PALYs without discounting and age weighting, PALYs with only discounting, and PALYs with discounting and age weighting. The results showed that anthrax affected the quality of life years lived by animals significantly due to years lost due to disability (YLD) and years lost due to premature death (YLL). A cow, bull and ox lost about 34%, 39% and 37% of productivity years of its life span due to anthrax. This shows that a bull lost most years of productivity, seconded by an ox and, lastly, a cow. Anthrax further caused a total loss of 459,280.90 PALYs in the three districts. The quality of life is improved, and productivity losses are reduced to almost 0% for all three types of animals by introducing effective anthrax control measures in the absence of other adverse health conditions. Anthrax negatively affected livestock production due to significant loss of healthy years of life and loss of quality of life. Since bulls lost most of the productivity years of their life span, we argue that transportation, draught power, sells as well, as socio status were the most affected as these are usually performed by the bull, the most productive. Therefore, it is important to minimise the loss of cattle productivity through morbidity and mortality. Different intervention programmes for the same disease can be compared in cost-effective analysis using PALYs as one of the tools. Therefore, the societal burden of diseases should also be applied on top of other existing methods used to assess the impact of diseases on animals to enable policymakers to have a complete and comprehensive picture of the impact.
Assessment of the emerging impact of covid-19 pandemic on small-scale poultry farmers in Zambia
Authors:   World Hunger Fighters Foundation, Agboola Olabisi John , Odubote Kolawole ,   Zambia Academy of Sciences, Richenhagen Metti ,   AGCO Agriculture Foundation, Atlanta, USA
Published: August 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has been reported to have disrupted the food systems globally, thereby, negatively affecting the production of agricultural commodities. This study was carried out to examine the emerging impact of the pandemic on small-scale poultry farmers in Lusaka Province, Zambia. Questionnaires were administered to 100 farmers in Chongwe rural area (Lusaka city sub-hub) and the data collected were subjected to descriptive and correlation analysis. The research findings revealed that the pandemic has a significant negative impact on the small-scale poultry farmer access to feed availability, vaccines and day old chicks. Similarly, the pandemic had a significant impact on market availability, accessibility and the purchasing power of the consumers. The research also indicated that a significant positive correlation exists between difficulties in accessing essential inputs for poultry productivity and the coping strategy that the poultry farmer adopted. While the government provided financial incentives to some industrial and commercial entities, most small- scale farmers in this study did not benefit from the scheme. This shows that the government is more focused on industrial entities rather than small-scale farmers and producers. The study concluded that farmers experienced a great effect of the pandemic on their poultry business due to the restriction imposed by the government, which caused inaccessibility of input supplies and market for the sale of birds. Mitigating strategies such as facilitating access to production inputs, market linkages and financial assistance (soft loans, grants, relief etc.) for small-scale poultry producers to build a resilient poultry system and cope with the emerging challenges Covid-19 imposed on the poultry industry, are recommended.
Pharmacodynamics of PanchatiktaGugguluGhritain AsthimajjagataVatawith special reference to avascular necrosis of femoral head
Authors: Kumar Surendra , Mangal Gopesh
Published: August 2022

Avascular necrosis (AVN), is a condition that occurs when there is loss of blood supply to the bone, also known as osteonecrosis, bone infarction, aseptic necrosis, or ischemic bone necrosis. Based on pathogenesis and clinical sign and symptoms, it can be compared with AsthimajjagataVata. One of the popular and frequently used medications in the Ayurvedic medical systemis PanchatiktaGugguluGhrita. Panchatikta Guggulu Ghritahas been described in AstangahrudyamVatavyadiChikitsaAdhayayamwhich is indicated in Asthimajjagata Vata. Here is an attempt made on pharmacodynamics of Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita in respect ofAsthimajjagataVata.
Application of Singular Value Decomposition technique for compressing images
Authors: Audu Khadeejah James
Published: August 2022

Image processing is becoming increasingly important as imaging technology has advanced. A storage constraint might occur even when image quality is an influential factor. This means finding a way to reduce the volume of data while still retaining quality, since compactable systems and minimal space are more desirable in the current computing field. An image compression technique that is frequently used is singular value decomposition (SVD). SVD is a challenging and promising way to loosely compress images, given how many people use images now and how many different kinds of media there are. SVD can be employed to compress digital images by approximating the matrices that generate such images, thereby saving memory while quality is affected negligibly. The technique is a great tool for lowering image dimensions. However, SVD on a large dataset might be expensive and time-consuming. The current study focuses on its improvement and implements the proposed technique in a Python environment. We illustrate the concept of SVD, apply its technique to compress an image through the use of an improved SVD process, and further compare it with some existing techniques. The proposed technique was used to test and evaluate the compression of images under various r-terms, and the singular value characteristics were incorporated into image processing. By utilization of the proposed SVD technique, it was possible to compress a large image of dimension 4928 x 3264 pixels into a reduced 342 x 231 pixels with fair quality. The result has led to better image compression in terms of size, processing time, and errors.
Assessment of tree species diversity in semi-evergreen forests of Chitteri Hills, Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu, South India
Authors: Ramachandran A. , Natarajan D. , Nagamurugan N. , Balaguru B. , Soosairaj S. , Britto S.
Published: August 2022

This paper describes the status and tree species diversity of Semi-Evergreen forests in Chitteri Hills, Tamil Nadu. Stratified random sampling method and distribution of sample plots using vegetation maps prepared from IRS LISS III FCC was used to study the tree species having girth >30 cm at breast height. A total number of 466 stems from 51 tree species were recorded from the study area representing 24 families and 40 genera. The total basal area was 21.92 m2. Anogeissus latifolia was the highest contributor (19.29%) followed by Memecylon edule (17.93%), Psydrax dicoccos (11%) and Nothopegia colebrookiana (10%). Memecylon edule (47.26), has the highest IVI value followed by Anogeissus latifolia (46.77), Psydrax dicoccos (38.34) and Nothopegia colebrookiana (28.87). Percentage of family important value was high in Combretaceae followed by Anacardiaceae, Verbenaceae, Rubiaceae, Ebenaceae and Euphorbiaceae. Shannon-Weiner and Simpson diversity Index value were 2.76 and 0.11.
Factores económicos en la prevención y promoción dentro del SGSSS en colombia 2010 a 2020
Authors: Galvis Bedoya Luisa Fernanda , Ordóñez Arteaga Diana Marcela , Lopez Mallama Oscar Marino
Published: August 2022

Esta investigación pretendió identificar los factores económicos que intervienen en la prestación de los servicios de atención básica en salud en el desarrollo del Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud - SGSSS en Colombia durante el periodo 2010-2020; se realizó con una metodología de tipo descriptiva, apuntando a identificar los factores económicos que intervienen en los planes de prevención y promoción dentro del SGSSS en Colombia. Este tipo de estudio permite describir las características, elementos y/o componentes de un determinado fenómeno o problema de investigación; además, comprende la especificación de los hechos observados y que han sido investigados, es así como se realiza un estudio documental orientado a revisar diferentes fuentes bibliográficas relacionadas con la descripción de los planes de prevención y promoción dentro del Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud. Con base en el estudio realizado por Eslava (2002), se determinan las particularidades puntuales de las acciones de promoción y prevención, y se elabora una comparación entre las lógicas que guían la promoción de la salud y la prevención de la enfermedad, con el fin de aclarar sus rasgos distintivos y proponer, desde su diferencia, la articulación de las acciones en una política de salud integral. Por último, se reflexiona sobre las dificultades que existen para asumir la especificidad de la promoción en salud en el modelo de atención predominante en Colombia.
Determinantes sociales y su influencia en la enfermedad, visión latinoamericana, caso Colombia 2020
Authors: Peña Chocué Diana Carolina , Toro Aguirre Claudia Marcela , Brito Elsa María , Girón Restrepo Gustavo Adolfo , Afanador Rodríguez María Isabel , Delgado Dahiana , Nossa Dayana , Beltrán Camayo Jennifer
Published: August 2022

Con base en la temática abordada, se realiza un recorrido por la evolución histórica del proceso salud-enfermedad con el propósito de reconocer su relación con múltiples factores de índole, social, cultural y económico. Objetivo: analizar la influencia de los determinantes sociales en las enfermedades del territorio colombiano año 2019. Método: es una investigación de enfoque cualitativo, el cual permite describir los diferentes elementos que hacen parte del problema de investigación, método deductivo-descriptivo, ya que se está partiendo de un tema en general como lo son los determinantes sociales de la salud en Colombia pasando a lo particular como lo es la influencia que tienen en la enfermedad. Resultados: la cobertura de energía del Chocó es del 60,7 % de su territorio, para el 2016 la cobertura en acueducto según el DANE era de 54,3 %, el sistema de alcantarillado presenta una cobertura del 55,7 % por debajo de la cobertura nacional y, por último, el porcentaje de hogares con inadecuada eliminación de excretas para el Chocó es de 67,8 %, paradójicamente es una de las zonas con peores índices en materia de salud. Conclusión: es importante que para la generación de políticas, programas, planes y proyectos en salud dirigidos a la comunidad se cuente con un sistema de información que permita tomar decisiones adecuadas y eficaces en intervenciones colectivas en materia de salud pública.
Standard Precautions are for everyone: The role of HIV stigma and implications for nursing education in India
Authors: Devadass Dhinagaran , Fernandez Ryan , Raj Tony D.S. , Heylen Elsa , Nyblade Laura , Srinivasan Krishnamachari , Ekstrand Maria L.
Published: August 2022

Background and objective: Standard Precautions (SP) are infection control procedures universally applicable to every patient. Though SP reduces disease transmission, their implementation is dependent on the knowledge and skills of healthcare workers (HCWs). Poor knowledge regarding the appropriate use of SP can cause fear among HCWs, leading to stigma and discrimination while treating people living with HIV (PLWH). Stigma and discrimination are known barriers for PLWH to access HIV care services. The aim of the study was to assess nursing student knowledge of SP, SP self-efficacy and SP perceived efficacy of nursing students, and (2) to assess the association between SP knowledge, perceived efficacy, and intention to utilize unwarranted precautions, like using double gloves while treating PLWH.Methods: This paper analyzes baseline (non-randomized) data of a cluster randomized controlled trial amongst 1868 Indian nursing students. Data was collected using computer-administered structured questionnaire.  The associations between the measures were done using multiple, logistic and poisson regression models.Results: Although 97% nursing students could identify SP, only 35.5% understood that they need to be used with all patients. Awareness of the importance of using SP with all patients was positively associated with self-efficacy. Students performing high-risk tasks frequently were significantly more likely to be confident in their ability to correctly use SP, but also had higher intention to use unwarranted precautions.Conclusions: Existing teaching and training programs for HCWs need to provide clear guidelines and emphasize on the correct use of SP with all patients. This will increase both skills and confidence in their abilities (self-efficacy).
A study to assess the effectiveness of preparatory information booklet on knowledge regarding lifestyle modifications among patients on hemodialysis in Vijaya Hospital, Nellore.
Authors: V Ms , singh Prof , Padmavathi Prof
Published: August 2022

The study aims was to assess the effectiveness of preparatory information booklet on knowledge regarding lifestyle modifications among patients on hemodialysis and to identify the relationship between the knowledge level and socio demographic variables of patients subjected to hemodialysis. The quantitative research approach and descriptive design was adopted for the study. The study was conducted in selected hospitals in Nellore. 40 patients were selected by using non probability convenience sampling technique. Structured questionnaire method was used to collect the information from samples. Data analysis done by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The pretest results revealed that 32(80%) were having inadequate knowledge; 8(20%) of them had moderately adequate knowledge and 0(0%) of the subjects were having adequate knowledge. the post test results revealed that the majority of the subjects 40 (100%) had adequate knowledge and 0(0%) of the subjects were having inadequate and moderately adequate knowledge. The study concluded that the preparatory information booklet is effective in improving the knowledge of patients regarding life style modifications.
A study to identify the factors associated with nosocomial infection among health workers
Authors: D Mrs
Published: August 2022

-
Abstract: Good health depends on the part of safe environment at practices or techniques that control or prevent transmission of infection which helps to protect the clients and health care workers from disease. Nosocomial infections, also known as hospital-acquired infections are newly acquired infections that are contracted within a hospital environment. Objective: 1.To identify the factors associated with nosocomial infection. 2. To associate the factors associated with nosocomial infection with demographic variable. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at Shenoy Nagar Health Centre, Chennai. Descriptive research design and explorative research approach was used. Samples of 20 Multi-Purpose Health worker were selected using Non-Probability convenient sampling technique on the basis of inclusion criteria. Data was collected by using Modified infection control assessment tool. Results :The overall study reveals that the factors standard precautions and pre and post-operative practices were moderately associated with nosocomial infection (80%) whereas the factor labour room practices was also moderately associated with nosocomial infection but it is (75%). Conclusion: The study findings concluded that all the three factors standard precautions, labour room practices, pre and post-operative practices are moderately associated with hospital acquired infection.