bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organic‐Based Chemiresistive Sensors for Detection of Water‐Soluble Gases: Strategies and Roadmap for Enhancing Sensing Performance
Authors: Rath Ronil J. , Talebian Sepehr , Giaretta Jacopo , Naficy Sina , Dehghani Fariba
Published: November 2024

Traditional organic‐based chemiresistive sensors have been a key area of research due to their portability, low power consumption, low cost, turnability, and possibility for miniaturization. However, their real‐world applications have remained restricted by their low selectivity, low sensitivity, and low stability under demanding conditions, such as extreme temperature, humidity, and pH. As such, this review aims to lay the foundation for enhancing the performance of these gas sensors via chemical and physical modifications. To this end, an insight into the building blocks of chemiresistive gas sensors and the attributes of the main four gases (ammonia, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen dioxide) under aqueous conditions are provided. Such features ultimately determine the enhancement strategy that is best suited to improve the chemiresistive gas sensors performance. Furthermore, this article provides an outlook into the current bottleneck in sensor development and its translation from lab to end‐consumer use. Overall, this review aims to serve as a roadmap for developing next‐generation, high performing chemiresistive gas sensors.
Constructing a Functional Fast‐Ion Conductor Interface for Vertically Aligned Titanium Boride Nanosheets to Achieve Superior Sodium‐Ion Storage Performances
Authors: Wang Wenqing , Liu Qian , Cui Zhe , Zhu Jinqi , Gao Mengluan , Zhang Lingjian , Weng Fuming , Zou Rujia
Published: November 2024

Designing excellent anode materials to enhance the sluggish interfacial kinetics of Na+ is a key challenge in improving the electrochemical performance of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, an ultra‐thin fast‐ionic conductor NaB5C coating TiB2 nanoflowers with vertically aligned nanosheet arrays to form yolk–shell TiB2@NaB5C (TBNBC) nanospheres as an anode material for SIBs. The unique structure creates direct and short ion/electron transfer pathways and reserves enough space to prevent the uneven electrochemical reactions from TiB2 nanosheets aggregation and stacking, thus ensuring the long‐term cycling stability of SIBs. Additionally, the NaB5C coating with fast‐ionic conductor functional interphase provides rapid Na+ transport channels and effectively reduces the Na+ de‐solvation barrier, accelerating Na+ reaction kinetics. Furthermore, a homogeneous and robust solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film including inorganic boron species and fluorine‐rich inner layer is constructed on the TBNBC electrode to delocalize stress and induce a uniform Na+ flux, further promoting fast Na+ interphase reaction kinetics. Consequently, the optimized composites achieve ultrastable cycling performances of 173 mAh g−1 over 5000 cycles at 10 A g−1. More importantly, they also exhibit an outstanding capacity of 182.2 mAh g−1 at −20 °C. This work offers opportunities for the energy storage use of transition metal borides under extreme conditions.
All‐Aqueous Embedded 3D Printing for Freeform Fabrication of Biomimetic 3D Constructs
Authors: Deng Xiaokang , Qi Cheng , Meng Si , Dong Haifeng , Wang Tianfu , Liu Zhou , Kong Tiantian
Published: November 2024

All‐aqueous embedded 3D printing, which involves extruding inks in an aqueous bath, has emerged as a transformative platform for the freeform fabrication of 3D constructs with precise control. The use of a supporting bath not only enables the printing of arbitrarily designed 3D constructs but also broadens ink selection for various soft matters, advancing the wide application of this technology. This review focuses on recent progress in the freeform preparation of 3D constructs using all‐aqueous embedded 3D printing. It begins by discussing the significance of ultralow interfacial tension in all‐liquid embedded printing and highlights the fundamental concepts and properties of all‐aqueous system. The review then introduces recent advances in all‐aqueous embedded 3D printing and clarifies the key factors affecting printing stability and shape fidelity, aiming to guide expansion and assessment of emerging printing systems used for various representative applications. Furthermore, it proposes the potential scope and applications of this technology, including in vitro models, cytomimetic microreactors, and soft ionic electronics. Finally, the review discusses the challenges facing current all‐aqueous embedded 3D printing and offers future perspectives on possible improvements and developments.
Albumin‐Chaperoned Deep‐NIR Triarylmethane Dyes for High‐Contrast In Vivo Imaging and Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Liu Ming , Hu Yingqi , Wang Xueli , Wei Ruwei , Yao Cheng , Shi Cunjian , Qiu Yangting , Yang Tao , Luo Xiao , Chen Jinquan , Sun Wen , Chen Huabing , Qian Xuhong , Yang Youjun
Published: November 2024

Fluorophores absorbing/emitting in the deep near‐infrared (deep NIR) spectral region, that is, 800 nm and beyond, hold great promise for in vivo bioimaging, diagnosis, and phototherapy due to deeper tissue penetration. The bottleneck is the lack of bright, stable, and readily synthesized deep NIR fluorophores. Here, it is reported that the albumin‐chaperon strategy is a viable one‐for‐all strategy to address these difficulties. A focused library of deep‐NIR absorbing dyes (EA5) is easily synthesized via a two‐step cascade. They are neither very stable nor bright in phosphate buffer due to a propeller‐type flexible scaffold. Through screening, EA5_c3 is found to exhibit a high affinity toward bovine serum albumin (BSA). Binding‐associated structural rigidification resulted in a gigantic 26‐fold fluorescence enhancement. The albumin chaperone also greatly improved the stability of EA5_c3 by shielding the bisbenzannulated triarylmethane core from nucleophilic or oxidative species. The resulting EA5_c3@BSA exhibits high biocompatibility. It offered high‐resolution vasculature, lymph systems, tumors, and other tissue imaging with its bright deep NIR emission. At the same time, it exhibits prominent potential in photoacoustic imaging and photothermal treatment of subcutaneous and orthotopic breast tumors. These findings provide insights into robust and high‐performance fluorophores with deep NIR regions for theranostic against aggressive cancers.
Carboxylic Acid‐Functionalized Cellulose Hydrogel Electrolyte for Dual‐Interface Stabilization in Aqueous Zinc‐Organic Batteries
Authors: Zhang Haodong , Gan Xiaotang , Gao Yingjie , Wu Hao , Song Zhiping , Zhou Jinping
Published: November 2024

Aqueous zinc batteries (AZBs) are considered one of the most promising candidates for grid‐scale energy storage. However, achieving a stable electrode–electrolyte interface remains a challenge for developing high‐performance AZBs. Herein, taking the Zn||phenazine (PNZ) system as a prototype, where the proton uptake/removal mechanism dominates in the cathode, a carboxylic acid‐functionalized cellulose hydrogel electrolyte is designed to simultaneously solve the issues at both the anode and cathode interfaces. Specifically, the hydrogel electrolyte can not only regulate Zn2+ ions at the Zn anode side but also supply H+ ions at the PNZ cathode side to avoid the unfavored deposition of zinc sulfate hydroxides. Benefiting from the unique one‐gel‐for‐two‐electrodes strategy, the dendrite‐free and side reaction‐suppressed aqueous Zn||PNZ cells are developed with a high specific capacity (311 mAh g−1, 99% utilization of the theoretical capacity) and a long cycle life (over 1500 cycles within 2 months). This study proposes a facile and low‐cost electrolyte strategy for stabilizing AZBs.
A Silver Nanowires‐Based Flexible Capacitive Touch Screen in Tactile Displays for Individuals with Visual Impairment Using Gesture Recognition
Authors: Hamza Ahmed , Alzalabny Sara , Buduru Priyanka , Bhagwat Sagar , Usama Ali , Prabhulingaiah Santosh Kumar , Song Qingchuan , Kluck Sebastian , Jaworek Gerhard , Pezeshkpour Pegah , Rapp Bastian E.
Published: November 2024

Capacitive touch screens (CTS's) are essential components in most of today's digital devices. However, for the visually impaired (VI) users due to the uneven topography of the tactile surface, CTS's are more challenging to implement and thus this field remains largely underdeveloped. Considering the limited space around the microactuators driving the typical Braille dots for a tactile screen with ten dots‐per‐inch (dpi) resolution, the materials used for CTS should be flexible and durable with high mechanical strength. In this work, a flexible CTS based on polyimide (PI) and silver nanowires (AgNWs) as electrodes with a total thickness of 210 µm is developed. The dimensions of the AgNWs are on average 7.9 ± 2.4 µm in length and 85 ± 24 nm in width. The AgNWs electrodes showed low resistance and good adhesion to the PI substrate. A gesture recognition application is collected from the capacitive data to classify different gestures (including single‐ and double‐click, swipe‐left and ‐right, scroll‐up and ‐down as well as zoom‐in and ‐out) with two different approaches; machine learning and deep learning are implemented. The best performance is obtained using the YOLO model with a high validation accuracy of 97.76%. Finally, a software application is developed with the proposed hand gestures in real‐time to foster interaction of VI users with the tactile display allowing them to navigate a Windows file system and interact with the documents via hand gestures in a similar manner as sighted users on a conventional touch display will be able to do. This work paves the way to utilize CTS for the tactile displays in the market developed for VI users.
Strain Engineered Semiconductor Nanomembranes for Photonic and Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Tiwari Soumya , Kumar Tikendra , Saxena Shailendra K. , Prakash Rajiv , Chaudhary Anjali
Published: November 2024

When semiconductor crystals are made into the form of thin sheets, i.e., nanomembranes, their properties and behaviors may be remarkably different from their bulk counterparts. A plethora of fascinating science and important applications arise consequently, some of which are investigated in recent years, and there are still a lot more to be discovered in the future. Nanomembranes (NMs) provide a good platform for strain engineering and offer tremendous research opportunities in photonics and optoelectronics applications. Strain alters energy band line up of a material furthermore influencing its carrier mobility which impacts a wide range of applications. In this article, the strain‐engineered NMs are reviewed using semiconductor materials as a model system for photonics and optoelectronics applications. While many fundamental aspects of NMs are discussed and outlined different methods for strain engineering of NM, the use of semiconductor NMs for photonics and optoelectronics applications is the locus of the present review article.
Single‐Component White Emissive Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Copper Halide Composite Films for Remote UV‐pumped White Light‐Emitting Diodes with High Color Rendering Index
Authors: Liu Zhe , Liu Zheng , Xie Lingling , Lv Ning , Yang Henan , Pi Huihui , Li Xitao , Li Siyi , Lin Zhengguo , Chen Bingkun
Published: November 2024

Lead‐free organic–inorganic metal halides (OIMHs) are highly desirable owing to their remarkable properties including low toxicity, structural diversity, high stability, and solution processability. Nevertheless, the development of their single‐component white emissive films remains a formidable challenge for remote white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) application. In this work, (C16H36N)2Cu2I4/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) white emissive composite film is successfully fabricated through an in situ solvent evaporation crystallization process at room temperature. The elemental analysis and bonding between (C16H36N)2Cu2I4 and PVDF are demonstrated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements. In addition, this composite film exhibits a broadband white emission with two peaks. Notably, the best photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of the PVDF based composite film reaches an impressive 96.7%. A (C16H36N)2Cu2I4/PVDF based remote UV‐pumped WLEDs with an impressive color rendering index of 95.5 is realized. Finally, the in situ fabrication method is expanded to fabricate (C16H36N)2Cu2I4/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite films, and we further realized their single component remote WLEDs.
Highly Tunable Moiré Superlattice Potentials in Twisted Hexagonal Boron Nitrides
Authors: Han Kwanghee , Cho Minhyun , Kim Taehyung , Kim Seung Tae , Kim Suk Hyun , Park Sang Hwa , Yang Sang Mo , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Menon Vinod , Kim Young Duck
Published: November 2024

Moiré superlattice of twisted hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has emerged as an advanced atomically thin van der Waals interfacial ferroelectricity platform. Nanoscale periodic ferroelectric moiré potentials in twisted hBN allow the hosting of remote Coulomb superlattice potentials to adjacent 2D materials. Therefore, the new strategies for engineering moiré length, angle, and potential strength are essential for developing programmable quantum materials. Here, it demonstrates the realization of twisted hBN‐based moiré superlattice platforms and visualizes the moiré domains and ferroelectric properties using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). Also, the regular moiré superlattice in the large area is reported. It offers the possibility to reproduce uniform moiré structures with precise control piezo stage stacking and heat annealing. It demonstrates cumulative multi‐ferroelectric polarization and multi‐level domains with multiple angle mismatched interfaces. Additionally, it observes the quasi‐1D anisotropic moiré domains and show the highest resolution analysis of the local built‐in strain between adjacent hBN layers compared to the conventional methods. Furthermore, in‐situ manipulation of moiré potential is demonstrated using femtosecond pulse laser, which results in the optical phonon‐induced atomic displacement at the hBN moiré interfaces. The results pave the way to develop precisely programmable moiré superlattice platforms and investigate strongly correlated physics.
Ru‐MnO Heterostructure Clusters Toward Efficient and CO‐Tolerant Alkaline Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Zhang Shaoqing , Ren Renjie , Cao Jing , Zhang Dezheng , Bai Jingsen , Han Ce , Xiao Li , Zhuang Lin , Song Ping , Xu Weilin
Published: November 2024

Designing efficient and CO‐tolerant catalysts for hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in anode is one of the challenges for alkaline exchange membrane fuel cells in practical application. Herein, Ru‐MnO heterostructure with two adjacent clusters supported on commercial carbon (BP 2000) (denoted as Ru‐MnO/C) is designed to accelerate the sluggish kinetics of alkaline HOR. The cluster–cluster heterostructure interface modifies the electronic structure of Ru sites with electron transfer from Ru to MnO, then optimizes the adsorption of intermediates on Ru sites. Consequently, this catalyst exhibits high catalytic HOR activities in alkaline media with high exchange current density (3.71 mA cm−2) and mass activity (0.78 A mgRu−1). Meanwhile, the alkaline exchange membrane fuel cell delivers a specific peak power density (PPD) of 7.0 W mg−1Ru under H2/O2 condition, which is higher than that of most reported catalysts. More importantly, the catalyst also demonstrates the remarkable stability and CO‐tolerance. This work presents the superiority of cluster–cluster heterostructure interface toward efficient HOR, which is expected to further enlighten the design of advanced catalysts for electrocatalysis.
Influence of Coated Phycocyanin on Shelf Life of Infected Penaeus semisulcatus
Authors: Alibabaei Mahshid , Metcalf James S. , Nowruzi Bahareh
Published: November 2024

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of chitosan‐alginate‐coated phycocyanin (PC) extract from Spirulina sp. on Penaeus semisulcatus infected with Salmonella typhimurium stored at 4°C and 8°C for 21 days. Four groups of shrimp treatments—a control sample (without infection and PC), an infected sample without PC, a non‐infected sample + PC and an infected sample + PC—were used. The toxicity test revealed no toxicity of PC against Caenorhabditis elegans. The results of the pH, thiobarbituric acid, peroxide value (PV) and total volatile basic nitrogen showed that the lowest amounts of these factors were observed in the samples immersed in PC, whereas the highest values belonged to the samples infected with Salmonella. On the basis of the total number of bacteria in food (log 10⁷ CFU/g), the shelf life of shrimps treated with PC increased by 14 and 4 days at 4°C and 8°C, respectively, compared to the control. The diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ABTS results of the antioxidant activity indicated that the highest values were observed in the infected sample + PC after 21 days at 4°C and 8°C (82.65 ± 0.36 and 89.50 ± 0.43), respectively. The results of the colour assessment showed that the highest and lowest values belonged to the control sample (without infection and PC) and the non‐infected sample with PC, respectively. The results of sensory analysis showed that the samples enriched with PC had a higher overall acceptability than samples without PC. In conclusion, PC increased the shelf life of shrimp infected with Salmonella sp.
Optimizing potassium applications and harvest strategies to boost productivity of depleting alfalfa stands
Authors: Baidoo Michael M. , Islam M. Anowarul
Published: November 2024

Rejuvenating thinning alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stands with additional forage species have been ineffective in boosting productivity. Research is needed to identify practical solutions to extend the life of declining alfalfa and increase forage production. A 2‐year field study at the University of Wyoming James C. Hageman Sustainable Agriculture Research and Extension Center in Lingle, WY, investigated the interaction effect of K and harvest time on thin alfalfa stands. Treatments were (a) six K rates (0, 56, 112, 168, 224, and 280 kg K2O ha−1 year−1) applied to a ∼10‐year‐old alfalfa in the fall of 2019 and after the final harvest in the fall of 2020, and (b) two harvest times (early harvest, late bud to early [10%] bloom; late harvest, 7–10 days after early harvest), arranged in a 6 × 2 factorial under random complete blocks with four replications. Results showed a higher yield response to K at 224 kg K2O ha−1 year−1 and early harvest, and at 168 kg K2O ha−1 year−1 and late harvest particularly in soils with high soil test K levels (>300 mg kg−1). Harvest timing influenced alfalfa's K needs, with quadratic responses of forage accumulation to K rate observed at early (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.96) and late (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.84) harvests. The 168 kg K2O ha−1 year−1 increased stem density, increasing forage accumulation and profitability under both harvest systems. Stem density significantly impacts weed competition and stand productivity, with stem counts above 590 m−2 maintaining optimal yields. Alfalfa producers worldwide, particularly in Wyoming and similar environments, can rejuvenate depleting stands by applying moderate K rates (∼168 kg K2O ha−1 year−1) and adopting early or late harvest strategies when stem densities fall below ∼430 m−2. However, when stem counts remain above this threshold and weeds are well managed, continued harvesting may be an efficient strategy.
Farmers' Participation in Messenger‐Based Social Groups And Its Effects on Performance in Irrigated Areas of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan
Authors: Kurbanov Zafar , Tadjiev Abdusame , Djanibekov Nodir , Govind Ajit , Akramkhanov Akmal
Published: November 2024

The penetration of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in farming communities is increasing the use of smartphone‐based instant messaging apps. Despite this, the reasons behind participation and the impact on farm productivity in developing countries remain unexplored. This study uses survey data of cotton growers in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan to explore factors explaining participation in social media groups and its impact on farm performance. The results show that the factors and benefits differ across these two countries. Participation in social media groups has a positive effect on cotton yields in both countries, but increases revenue only in Kazakhstan. We discuss possible reasons for contrasting results and policy implications for improving agricultural extension and advisory services in Central Asia. Scaling up smartphone‐based e‐extension should focus on younger, more educated farmers. Emphasizing associated economic benefits and fostering decision‐making autonomy among farmers will be crucial for creating conducive environment for benefiting from e‐extension services.
Ultrafast Excitonic Transitions in Enantiopure and Racemic Squaraine Thin Films
Authors: Bernhardt Robin , Rieland Lukas , Wang Tianyi , Schumacher Marvin F. , Lützen Arne , Schiek Manuela , van Loosdrecht Paul H. M.
Published: November 2024

While chirality is a prevalent character of numerous biological and synthetic organic molecules, its selective absorption of circularly polarized light, known as circular dichroism (CD), is typically small due to intrinsically weak coupling between magnetic and electric dipoles. However, thin films of aggregated, enantiopure prolinol‐derived squaraine molecules (ProSQ‐C16) exhibit an unusually large excitonic CD signal, although the underlying mechanism is not yet known. In this study, we employ steady‐state and ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy to investigate the nature and dynamics of excitons in aggregates of enantiopure and racemic ProSQ‐C16 thin films. Highly resembling transient responses of enantiopure thin films under excitations at different photon energies strongly indicate that a single type of aggregate dominates the linear optical response, that is, a strong red‐shifted (J‐like) and weak blue‐shifted (H‐like) absorption band. On the other hand, the transient properties of the racemic thin film deviate from this pattern and remain largely ambiguous. The short lifetime of excited states and coherent oscillations present in the dynamics of the transient absorption signal indicate that the early time dynamics are governed by a transition towards a dark intermediate state, which might arise from intermolecular charge transfer with potential contributions from the coupling of excitons to the vibrations. This non‐radiative relaxation pathway explains the unusually weak fluorescence of the predominately J‐like behaving aggregate. Our findings conclusively show that the chiral aggregate structure has a strong impact on the optical and dynamic response of the excitons and underline the significance of non‐Frenkel exciton states for the optical properties of anilino squaraine dyes.
Synthesis, Chiroptical Properties, and Absolute Configuration Determination of Phenyl‐4‐pyridyl‐2,5‐dipyrimidinylmethane
Authors: Matsumoto Kouzou , Tanaka Rina , Miki Kaori , Konishi Akihito , Kurata Hiroyuki , Kubo Takashi , Pescitelli Gennaro , Matsuo Koichi , Nehira Tatsuo
Published: November 2024

Phenyl‐4‐pyridyl‐2,5‐dipyrimidinylmethane (1) has been synthesized in five steps from 5‐methylpyrimidine. The structural feature of 1 is the symmetry elements with respect to the 180° rotation of the aryl group along the central C−C bonds. Due to this structural feature, the compound 1 is expected the good crystallinity despite of the asymmetric molecular structure. The optical resolution of 1 was achieved by high performance liquid chromatography using chiral stationary phase (chiral HPLC). The circular dichroism (CD) spectra of the two fractions showed opposite signs. As expected, the X‐ray crystallographic analysis was successfully performed for both the racemic and enantiomerically pure crystals of 1, with the nitrogen atoms being unambiguously assigned in both cases. It was concluded the first‐eluted fraction in chiral HPLC was determined to be S configuration both by the CD calculation for reproducing the experimental CD spectrum and by the anomalous diffraction of X‐ray crystallographic analysis of enantiomerically pure 1.
Goal‐Directed Rehabilitation Versus Standard Care for Individuals with Hereditary Cerebellar Ataxia: A Multicenter, Single‐Blind, Randomized Controlled Superiority Trial
Authors: Milne Sarah C , Roberts Melissa , Williams Shannon , Chua Jillian , Grootendorst Alison C , Agostinelli Genevieve , Grobler Anneke C , Ross Hannah L , Robinson Amy , Grove Kristen , Modderman Gabrielle , Price Annabel , Thomson Megan , Massey Libby , Liang Christina , Kumar Kishore R , Dalziel Kim , Burns Joshua , Sue Carolyn M , Pathirana Pubudu N , Horne Malcolm , Gelfand Nikki , Curd Helen , Szmulewicz David , Corben Louise A , Delatycki Martin B
Published: November 2024

Objective

Rehabilitation is thought to reduce ataxia severity in individuals with hereditary cerebellar ataxia (HCA). This multicenter, randomized controlled superiority trial aimed to examine the efficacy of a 30‐week goal‐directed rehabilitation program compared with 30 weeks of standard care on function, ataxia, health‐related quality of life, and balance in individuals with an HCA.

Methods

Individuals with an autosomal dominant or recessive ataxia (aged ≥15 years) were enrolled at 5 sites in Australia. Participants were randomized (1:1) to receive rehabilitation (6 weeks of outpatient physiotherapy followed by a 24‐week home exercise program) (n = 39) or continued their usual activity (n = 37). The primary outcome measure was the motor domain of the Functional Independence Measure (mFIM) at 7 weeks. Secondary outcomes included the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) and the SF‐36v2, assessed at 7, 18, and 30 weeks. Outcome assessors were blinded to treatment allocation.

Results

Seventy‐one participants (rehabilitation, 37; standard‐care, 34) were included in the intention‐to‐treat analysis. At 7 weeks, mFIM (mean difference 2.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.26 to 4.26, p = 0.028) and SARA (−1.21, 95% CI: −2.32 to −0.11, p = 0.032) scores improved after rehabilitation compared with standard care. Compared with standard care, rehabilitation improved SARA scores at 30 weeks (mean difference −1.51, 95% CI: −2.76 to −0.27, p = 0.017), but not mFIM scores (1.74, 95% CI: −0.32 to 3.81, p = 0.098). Frequent adverse events in both groups were fatigue, pain, and falls.

Interpretation

Goal‐directed rehabilitation improved function at 7 weeks, with improvement in ataxia and health‐related quality of life maintained at 30 weeks in individuals with HCA, beyond that of standard care. ANN NEUROL 2025;97:409–424
A comprehensive study on the application properties of different soft, hard, and functional monomers to polyacrylate emulsion and water‐based inks
Authors: Tian Xiyao , Li Jiajun , Lv Shirui , Zhang Junchao , Yu Liangyun , Liu Xintong , Xin Xiulan
Published: November 2024

The urge to protect the deteriorating ecosystem is compelling us to develop environmental‐friendly materials. In this paper, three different kinds of waterborne polyacrylate emulsions were synthesized with different hard, soft and hydroxyl‐containing functional monomers by semi‐continuous seed emulsion polymerization. Moreover, the influences of different monomers on the performances such as viscosity, adhesion, surface tension, particle size, stability, and contact angle were also investigated. Attractively, conclusions were deduced that with the growth of the monomer's alkyl chain length, the viscosity gradually increases and the surface tension gradually decreases. On the other hand, different functional monomers also have effect on the properties of the synthesized acrylic emulsions. Then the synthesized water‐based acrylic emulsions were used as binders for water‐based inks, the adhesion as well as initial dryness were tested and the recipe for water‐based ink with better performances was selected out. Our work maybe ignites a spark for the designation of acrylic emulsions for water‐based inks binders.
Fabrication polyaniline via electrochemical synthesis for highly efficient removal of Cr(VI)
Authors: Liu Jie , Zheng Dawei , Chang Weixiao , Deng Fuli , Liu Dong
Published: November 2024

Polyaniline (PANI) is recognized for its exceptional electrochemical conductivity, and its chemical structure, rich in amino and imine functional groups, exhibits significant removal capabilities for heavy metal pollutants in wastewater. In this study, PANI was synthesized via electrochemical cyclic voltammetry, and its micromorphology and phase structure were characterized using SEM, TEM, FTIR, and XRD. By modulating the polymerization potential, control over the surface morphology was achieved, thereby optimizing its adsorption performance. Additionally, the adsorption efficiency of electrochemically synthesized PANI for Cr(VI) in wastewater was assessed. Notably, in acidic conditions, PANI demonstrated an exceptionally high adsorption capacity for Cr(VI), reaching 130.1 mg/g. These findings highlight the potential of conductive polymers such as PANI in the development of highly efficient adsorbents for wastewater treatment, providing tangible solutions for addressing water pollution.
Comparing assisting technologies for proficiency in cardiac morphology: 3D printing and mixed reality versus CT slice images for morphological understanding of congenital heart defects by medical students
Authors: Brun Henrik , Lippert Matthias , Langø Thomas , Sanchez‐Margallo Juan , Sanchez‐Margallo Francisco , Elle Ole Jakob
Published: November 2024

Learning cardiac morphology largely involves spatial abilities and studies indicate benefits from innovative 3D visualization technologies that speed up and increase the learning output. Studies comparing these teaching tools and their educational output are rare and few studies include complex congenital heart defects. This study compared the effects of 3D prints, mixed reality (MR) viewing of 3D meshes and standard cardiac CT slice images on medical students′ understanding of complex congenital heart defect morphology, measuring both objective level of understanding and subjective educational experience. The objective of this study was to compare morphological understanding and user experiences of 3D printed models, MR 3D visualization and axial 2D CT slices, in medical students examining morphological details in complex congenital heart defects. Medical students in the median 4th year of study (range 2nd to 6th) examined three of five different complex congenital heart defects by three different modalities: 3D printed model, MR viewed 3D mesh, and cardiac CT slices, answering a questionnaire on morphology and user experience. Time to complete task, diagnostic accuracy, and user experience data were collected and compared on group level. Task times were similar for all modalities. The percentage of correct answers was higher with MR visualization, which was also the preferred modality overall. Medical students both prefer and better understand the morphology of complex congenital heart disease with 3D models viewed using MR, without spending more time than with 3D prints or 2D CT images.
A Copper‐Incorporated meso‐(N’‐acetyl‐hydrizide)‐BODIPY as a “Off‐On” Fluorescent Probe for Histidine
Authors: Cho Siyoung , Sharma Pooja , Saputra Rizki Rachmad , Kim Youngmi
Published: November 2024

We present a highly sensitive and selective fluorescence “turn‐on” sensor for l‐histidine (His) detection in aqueous solutions utilizing a 1‐Cu2+ complex. This sensing platform employs a fluorescence‐based ligand displacement approach, featuring a meso‐(N’‐acetyl‐hydrizide)‐based BODIPY derivative (1) complexed with Cu2+. Initially highly fluorescent, compound 1 is selectively quenched by Cu2+ ions, forming the 1‐Cu2+ complex. The high affinity between His and Cu2+ effectively displaces 1 from the complex, restoring fluorescence. The system exhibits rapid response (within 5 minutes), excellent sensitivity (detection limit of 78 nM), operational simplicity, and a large fluorescence “turn‐on” signal. It demonstrates remarkable selectivity for His over other amino acids, with maleimide masking cysteine interference. Notably stable in complex biological matrices, the sensor has successfully quantified His in artificial urine samples. Its practical applicability extends to paper‐based test strips, offering portability and potential for real‐time His monitoring in clinical diagnostics and biological systems.
The Role of XMM–Newton in the Investigation of Persistent BeXRBs
Authors: La Palombara Nicola , Sidoli Lara , Mereghetti Sandro , Israel Gian Luca , Esposito Paolo
Published: November 2024

The persistent BeXRBs are a class of high‐mass X‐ray binaries (HMXRBs), which are characterized by persistent low X‐ray luminosities ( erg s) and wide ( 30 days), almost circular orbits. In these sources the NS is slowly rotating (with well above 100 s) and accretes matter directly from the wind of the companion Be star, without the formation of an accretion disk. Since the '90s, when the first four members of this class were identified, several other sources of the same type have been discovered and investigated. Thanks to follow‐up XMM‐Newton observations, we have verified that most of them share common spectral and timing properties, such as a pulsed fraction that does not vary with the photon energy and a hot (kT = 1–2 keV) blackbody spectral component which contributes for 20%–40% to the total flux and has a size consistent with the NS polar cap. Here we provide an overview of how XMM‐Newton contributed to constrain the observational properties and the current understanding of this type of sources. We also report about the first results obtained with a very recent XMM‐Newton observation of the poorly known BeXRB 4U 0728‐25.
Emotion dysregulation in autism: Severity and correlates in early childhood
Authors: Northrup Jessie B. , Hartman Amy G. , MacKenzie Kristen T. , Sivathasan Shalini , Eldeeb Safaa , Mazefsky Carla A.
Published: November 2024

Emotion dysregulation (ED) is common and severe in older autistic youth, but is rarely the focus of early autism screening or intervention. Moreover, research characterizing ED in the preschool years (when autism is typically diagnosed) is limited. This study aimed to characterize ED in autistic children by examining (1) prevalence and severity of ED as compared to children without an autism diagnosis; and (2) correlates of ED in autistic children. A sample of 1864 parents (Mean child age = 4.21 years, SD = 1.16 years; 37% female) of 2–5 year‐old children with (1) autism; (2) developmental concerns, but no autism; and (3) no developmental concerns or autism completed measures via an online questionnaire. ED was measured using the Emotion Dysregulation Inventory‐Young Child, a parent report measure characterizing ED across two dimensions: Reactivity (fast, intense emotional reactions) and dysphoria (low positive affect, sadness, unease). Autistic preschoolers, compared to peers without developmental concerns, had more severe ED (+1.12 SD for reactivity; +0.60 SD for dysphoria) and were nearly four and three times more likely to have clinically significant reactivity and dysphoria, respectively. Autistic traits, sleep problems, speaking ability, and parent depression were the strongest correlates of ED in the autism sample. While more work is needed to establish the prevalence, severity, and correlates of ED in young autistic children, this study represents an important first step. Results highlight a critical need for more high‐quality research in this area as well as the potential value of screening and intervention for ED in young autistic children.
Graphene‐Based Supercapacitor Using Microemulsion Electrolyte
Authors: Salisu Aliyu , Hughson Fraser , Borah Rohan , Chen Xianjue , Johns Anish , Griesser Alex , Andersson Gunther G. , Nann Thomas , Goreham Renee V.
Published: November 2024

Graphene‐like material prepared by a facile combustion synthesis was investigated as an electrode material in a microemulsion electrolyte. Notably, a stable voltage window of 2.2–2.4 V was achieved, surpassing previous reports for aqueous‐based electrolytes on similar materials. The fabricated supercapacitor device exhibited a commendable specific capacitance values of 59 F g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and 32 F g−1 at 5 A g−1, indicating its potential for high‐current applications. Mechanistic examination revealed that the charge storage primarily relies on electric double‐layer formation, with minor non‐capacitive contribution from electrode surface functionalities and the supporting electrolyte. Further analysis showed significant capacitive contributions of 85 % at 2.2 V and 67 % at 2.4 V, underscoring the dominance of the capacitive process. The fabricated supercapacitor's stability indicated a decrease as the non‐capacitive process intensified, suggesting that electrode surface functionalities predominantly contribute to cell deterioration at elevated potentials. These results highlight the potential efficacy of microemulsion electrolytes in energy storage applications.
Nomogram Analysis for Predicting Response to Androgen‐Receptor‐Axis‐Targeted Therapies in Patients With Metastatic Castration‐Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Shao I‐Hung , Wang Hsiang‐Shen , Hsieh Chin‐Hsuan , Lee Tsung‐Lin , Chang Ying‐Hsu , Huang Liang‐Kang , Chu Yuan‐Cheng , Kan Hung‐Chen , Lin Po‐Hung , Yu Kai‐Jie , Wu Chun‐Te , Chuang Cheng‐Keng , Pang See‐Tong
Published: November 2024

Background

This study aimed to identify the clinical predictors for the response of patients with mCRPC to ARATs.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively collected data on consecutive patients who were diagnosed with mCRPC and underwent ARAT treatment during this stage of the disease. Clinical parameters were obtained through medical chart reviews. ARAT failure was defined as a continuous increase in the serum prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level above nadir to > 2 ng/mL, accompanied by radiographic progression. ARAT failure‐free survival and overall survival were assessed through Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox regression survival analysis. Nomogram analysis based on significant predictors of ARAT failure‐free survival was performed.

Results

In total, 319 patients with mCRPC who underwent ARAT were included. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grading, and chemotherapy‐naïve status were significant predictors of ARAT failure‐free survival. For overall survival, age, ISUP grading, and nadir PSA level during androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) were significant predictors. Through nomogram analysis based on age, ISUP grading, and chemotherapy‐naïve status, the likelihood of ARAT duration being more or less than 1 year could be predicted.

Conclusion

For mCRPC patients, being older, having ISUP Grade 5 cancer, and having a history of chemotherapy were associated with a shorter duration of response to next‐line ARATs. Therefore, other therapeutic agents should be prioritized for such patients. Notably, among the included patients, those who were older, had a higher ISUP grade and a higher nadir PSA level during ADT exhibited worse overall survival.
Chronic brucellosis with sacroiliitis: A case report
Authors: Shrestha Bibek , Shrestha Pradeep , Bastakoti Sudip , Gupta Prahlad , Magar Shiva Ram Ale
Published: November 2024

Key Clinical Message

Brucellosis, especially with osteoarticular involvement, is uncommon and difficult to diagnose, but it should be considered in a case presenting with prolonged fever, joint pain, and back pain. The diagnosis requires a combination of history, serological examinations, and radiographic studies. When the condition is detected and treated early, the prognosis is good.

Brucella exploits host immune defenses to establish the chronic infection brucellosis, an endemic zoonotic disease. While human brucellosis affects multiple organs, osteo articular involvement is rare. We report the case of a 41‐year‐old woman with a history of goat farming who presented with fewer associated with low back pain and multiple joint pain for 4 months. Brucellosis was documented by positive serological tests (ELISA). Radiological findings suggested of right sacroiliitis and fracture line on the right sacral ala though had no history of trauma. Treatment consisted of NSAIDs and multiple antibiotic therapy. At follow‐up, her low back pain, joint pain, and fever had subsided. After 4 weeks of follow‐up, her symptoms were completely relieved with no recurrence. Brucellosis with atypical localization should be considered with a high index of suspicion based on detailed history and physical examination to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment.
The mirage of diversity, equity, and inclusion: Exploring career development professionals’ pedagogy and praxis
Authors: Manning‐Ouellette Amber , Dickinson Lucia Y. , Gutierrez Karla J. , Gilly Emily F.
Published: November 2024

Despite the importance of students exploring career options, developing career readiness, and experiencing a successful transition to the workforce, historically excluded populations’ participation in career development remains low. Additionally, career development professionals continue to feel unsupported in their diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) practices and in incorporating DEI in their respective roles. This multicase study uncovers a mirage approach to the work of career development professionals, providing opportunities to engage in this work, yet largely leaving DEI work unsupported in their quest to incorporate it into their spaces. Results indicate the larger impacts of navigating a lack of support as well as the oppressive intuitional structures that persist while engaging in DEI pedagogy and praxis.
Enhancing Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalytic Performance of Nickel‐Nitrogen‐Carbon Catalysts through Coordination Environment Engineering†
Authors: Zou Hui‐Jian , Leng Yan , Yin Chen‐Shuang , Yang Xikun , Min Chun‐Gang , Tan Feng , Ren Ai‐Min
Published: November 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted significant attention due to their high atomic utilization and tunable coordination environment. However, the catalytic mechanisms related to the active center and coordination environment remain unclear. In this study, we systematically investigated the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic activities of NiN4, NiN3, NiN3H2, NiN4X, NiN3X, and NiN3H2X (X denotes axial ligand) through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This study unveils two distinct reaction pathways for ORR and OER, involving proton‐electron pairs adsorbed from both the solution and the catalyst surface. The overpotential is the key parameter to evaluate the catalytic performance when proton‐electron pairs are adsorbed from the solution. NiN3 and NiN3H2 show promise as pH‐universal bifunctional electrocatalysts for both ORR and OER. On the other hand, when proton‐electron pairs are adsorbed from the catalyst surface, the reaction energy barrier becomes the crucial metric for assessing catalytic activity. Our investigation reveals that NiN3H2 consistently exhibits optimal ORR activity across a wide pH range, regardless of the source of proton‐electron pair (solvent or catalyst surface).
Synthesis and Evaluation of Fluorinated Piperazine‐Hydroxyethylamine Analogues as Potential Antiplasmodial Candidates
Authors: Upadhyay Charu , Bhattacharya Shreya , Kumar Sumit , Vashisht Kapil , Zhang Xujie , Gagnon Dominic , Singh Pooja , Zhan Peng , Richard Dave , Rathi Brijesh , Prasad Singh Agam , Singh Priyamvada
Published: November 2024

In this manuscript, twenty‐one novel fluorinated piperazine‐hydroxyethylamine analogues were synthesized and tested against Plasmodium falciparum (Pf). Among tested compounds, two 13 g and 14 g exhibited promising inhibitory activity on Pf3D7 with IC50 values of 0.28 and 0.09 μM, respectively. Neither of the hits exhibited cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells up to 150 μM and Vero cells up to 20 μM. Compounds 13 g and 14 g were also evaluated against chloroquine‐resistant PfDd2 and displayed IC50 values of 0.11 and 0.10 μM, respectively. Next, 13 g and 14 g were administered to the Plasmodium berghei mice model at 30 mg/kg intraperitoneally for four consecutive doses, which showed 25 % and 50 % reduction in the parasitemia load, respectively. The efficacy of hits 13 g and 14 g was improved along with mean survival time when administered in combination with artesunate. On liver‐stage parasites, compounds 13 g and 14 g showed >80 % inhibition at 1 μM. Compound 14 g was also tested for toxicity in mice at 100 mg/kg dose, which revealed no abnormality in mice organs. Preliminary pharmacokinetic studies of compound 14 g exhibited absorption and maintained a presence in the body for more than six hours.
Colorectal cancer screening and prevention
Authors: Nierengarten Mary Beth
Published: November 2024

This news section offers Cancer readers timely information on events, public policy analysis, topical issues, and personalities. This issue addresses efforts to optimize colonoscopy measures and broaden accessibility to screening in underserved areas. In addition, people who use cannabis—particularly those with a cannabis use disorder—are significantly more likely to develop head and neck cancers than nonusers, and the combination of pembrolizumab and cabozantinib shows promising long‐term disease control and survival for head and neck cancer.
Design and DFT Study of New Nano Buds from the Combination of C60 Fullerene and Nanobowl
Authors: Shamlouei Hamid Reza , Tabar Elham Gravand
Published: November 2024

In this research, new nano buds of C60 fullerene compound and nanobowls were designed and their structure, electrical properties and optical properties were calculated. The absence of imaginary frequency and high cohesive energies is proof of stability and confirmation of the possibility of their formation. Calculation of the relative population showed that the E configuration is the dominant population. The calculation of electrical properties showed that combining the structures with each other improves the electrical properties of nanobuds. The highest electric charge transfer from nanobowl to C60 was observed in the configuration of C nanobuds. A high improvement in NLO properties was observed in all nanobud configurations. Calculating the contribution of the dispersion term in the energy of the nanobuds showed that compared to the parents, larger dispersion energy was obtained for the designed nanobuds (especially configuration E). It was shown that the energy of nano buds and their parents decreases in the presence of solvents. The decrease in energy as a function of increasing the dielectric constant of the solvents may be due to the increase in the dipole moments of the nanobud as a result of the electron transfer from the nanobowl to the C60 fullerene.