bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Rowland circle geometries for spherically bent crystal analyzers in laboratory and synchrotron applications
Authors: Gironda Anthony J. , Abramson Jared E. , Chen Yeu , Solovyev Mikhail , Sterbinsky George E. , Seidler Gerald T.
Published: March 2024

We show that asymmetric operation of spherically bent crystal analyzers is an underutilized opportunity that can improve x-ray spectrometer performance and user operations in both the laboratory and synchrotron environments.
Actuation for flexible and stretchable microdevices
Authors: Roshan Uditha , Mudugamuwa Amith , Cha Haotian , Hettiarachchi Samith , Zhang Jun , Nguyen Nam-Trung
Published: March 2024

This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art actuation mechanisms for flexible and stretchable microdevices.
Optimization of chondroitin production in E. coli using genome scale models
Authors: Couto Márcia R. , Rodrigues Joana L. , Braga Adelaide , Dias Oscar , Rodrigues Lígia R.
Published: March 2024

E. coli was used to produce chondroitin both in silico and in vivo, marking the first use of genome-scale metabolic models to predict its production. Identified targets can guide future works towards more efficient hosts for chondroitin production.
Cephalotane diterpenoids: structural diversity, biological activity, biosynthetic proposal, and chemical synthesis
Authors: Zhao Jin-Xin , Ge Zhan-Peng , Yue Jian-Min
Published: March 2024

This review summarizes a total of 105 cephalotane diterpenoids, covering their isolation, structural features, biological activities, biosynthetic proposals, and completed total synthesis.
A prototype of ultrasensitive time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay for the quantitation of lead in plasma using a fluorescence-enhanced europium chelate label for the detection system
Authors: Darwish Ibrahim A. , Suzuki Kenzi , Ogawa Hiroshi , Wang Zongzhi
Published: March 2024

This study describes the development and validation of a prototype time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) for the quantification of lead in plasma. The assay is valuable for controlling the exposure of humans to potential lead toxicities.
Synergetic and advanced isotherm investigation for the enhancement influence of zeolitization and β-cyclodextrin hybridization on the retention efficiency of U(vi) ions by diatomite
Authors: Ahmed Ashour M. , Saad Islam , Rafea M. Abdel , Abukhadra Mostafa R.
Published: March 2024

In synergetic investigations, the adsorption effectiveness of diatomite-based zeolitic structure (ZD) as well as its β-cyclodextrin (CD) hybrids (CD/ZD) towards uranium ions (U(vi)) was evaluated to examine the influence of the transformation procedures.
Nanocellulose/wood ash-reinforced starch–chitosan hydrogel composites for soil conditioning and their impact on pea plant growth
Authors: Iqbal Dure Najaf , Tariq Zaryab , Philips Boiz , Sadiqa Ayesha , Ahmad Muhammad , Al-Ahmary Khairia Mohammed , Ali Ijaz , Ahmed Mahmood
Published: March 2024

Hydrogels are 3-dimensional polymer networks capable of absorbing a large amount of water.
The microstructure and protective properties of electroplating zinc films on NdFeB from a chloride-free nonaqueous bath
Authors: Xiaoya Li , Yongcun Ma , Shusen Peng , lixi Tian
Published: March 2024

The traditional aqueous electroplating of zinc film causes significant corrosion of NdFeB during the electroplating process, which is accompanied by hydrogen evolution reactions.
Facile sonochemically-assisted bioengineering of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and deciphering their potential in treating breast and lung cancers: biological, molecular, and computational-based investigations
Authors: Sedky Nada K. , Mahdy Noha Khalil , Abdel-kader Nour M. , Abdelhady Manal M. M. , Maged Mohamad , Allam Aya L. , Alfaifi Mohammad Y. , Shamma Samir N. , Hassan Hatem A. F. M. , Fahmy Sherif Ashraf
Published: March 2024

Combining sonochemistry with phytochemistry is a modern trend in the biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles (NPs), which contributes to the sustainability of chemical processes and minimizes hazardous effects.
Stixis scandensleaf extract-loading ZnO nanoparticles for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) treatment
Authors: Le Thi Thu Huong , Than Thi Tam , Lai Thi Ngọc Ha , Le Van Phan
Published: March 2024

Various nanoformulations of ZnO andStixis scandensleaf extract were successfully synthesized. The A1T nanoformulation, containing only 7.6% extract, showed an equivalent anti-PEDV activity with the extract.
Highly selective, reversible water activation by P,N-cooperativity in pyridyl-functionalized phosphinines
Authors: Kopp Richard O. , Kleynemeyer Sabrina L. , Groth Lucie J. , Ernst Moritz J. , Rupf Susanne M. , Weber Manuela , Kershaw Cook Laurence J. , Coles Nathan T. , Neale Samuel E. , Müller Christian
Published: March 2024

Aromatic phosphorus heterocycles react at room temperature highly selectively and reversibly with water by P,N-cooperativity. The aromaticity of such compounds plays an appreciable role in the reversibility of the reaction, supported by NICS calculations.
Anti-poisoned oxygen reduction reaction by rice-like Pd–Sb nanoparticles
Authors: Fu Hui , Chen Yao , Lu Shuanglong , Zhang Zhe , Zhu Ting , Li Hanjun , Lai Feili , Zhang Nan , Liu Tianxi
Published: March 2024

A unique class of Pd20Sb7 nanoparticles (NPs) with regular structure were constructed for the first time. Pd20Sb7 NPs/C showed superior methanol (CH3OH) tolerance during the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), outperforming the commercial Pd/C.
One-pot C–N/C–C bond formation and oxidation of donor–acceptor cyclopropanes with tetrahydroisoquinolines: access to benzo-fused indolizines
Authors: Karjee Pallab , Debnath Bijoy , Mandal Santu , Saha Sharajit , Punniyamurthy Tharmalingam
Published: March 2024

A two step one-pot annulation of donor–acceptor cyclopropanes with tetrahydroisoquinolines has been accomplished to furnish benzo-fused indolizines with substrate scope and functional group diversity.
Observation of cavitation dynamics in viscous deep eutectic solvents during power ultrasound sonication
Authors: Jacobson Ben , Li Shida , Daly Paul , Elgar Christopher E. , Abbott Andrew P. , Feeney Andrew , Prentice Paul
Published: March 2024

We characterise the development of cavitation structure in three deep eutectic solvents of increasing viscosity, and water, via high-speed imaging and parallel acoustic detection..
Constructing strain in electrocatalytic materials for CO2 reduction reactions
Authors: Lin Junshan , Zhang Ning
Published: March 2024

The formation of strain, the effect of strain on CO2 reduction reactions, and the recent advances in strain engineering for CO2 reduction reactions have been systemically reviewed.
Linking atomic to mesoscopic scales in multilevel structural tailoring of single-atom catalysts for peroxide activation
Authors: Yu Li , Xin Shaosong , Li Yuchan , Hsu Hsien-Yi
Published: March 2024

To enhance peroxidase-like activity, we propose a comprehensive structural refinement of single-atom catalysts, fine-tuning their electronic, geometric, and spatial configuration from the atomic to mesoscopic scales.
Capacitive CO2 sensor made of aminated cellulose nanofibrils: development and optimization
Authors: Héraly Frédéric , Sikdar Anirban , Chang Jian , Yuan Jiayin
Published: March 2024

This study introduces a novel capacitive CO2 sensor using aminated cellulose nanofibrils, offering enhanced sensitivity and selectivity.
Alternative nano-lithographic tools for shell-isolated nanoparticle enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates
Authors: Srivastava Ketki , Jacobs Thimo S. , Ostendorp Stefan , Jonker Dirk , Brzesowsky Floor A. , Susarrey-Arce Arturo , Gardeniers Han , Wilde Gerhard , Weckhuysen Bert M. , van den Berg Albert , van der Stam Ward , Odijk Mathieu
Published: March 2024

This work shows increased stability and homogeneity for shell-isolated nanoparticle enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates fabricated by using a combination of lithography and atomic layer deposition, compared to chemically synthesized substrates.
Access to carbamates and o-aminobenzoates via oxidative carbonylation of amines with CO and alcohols under rhodium/copper catalysis
Authors: Chen Xiaoqi , Zhong Xuyao , Wang Lei , Teng Houyun , Li Jingsheng , Chen Shuai , Hu Rongjing , Yang Lei
Published: March 2024

Approaches to access carbamates and o-aminobenzoates via Rh/Cu catalytic system-enabled oxidative carbonylative reactions from amines, alcohols and CO have been demonstrated, featuring good functional group tolerance and a broad substrate scope.
Optical dِِِِiscrimination of histamine and ethylenediamine in meat samples using a colorimetric affordable test strip (CATS): introducing a novel lab-on paper sensing strategy for low-cost ensuring food safety by rapid and accurate monitoring of biogenic amines
Authors: Saadati Arezoo , Farshchi Fatemeh , Jafari Mohsen , Kholafazad Houman , Hasanzadeh Mohammad , Shadjou Nasrin
Published: March 2024

A novel colorimetric affordable test strip was developed for the colorimetric and naked-eye detection of two biogenic amines.
Effective extraction and determination of 24 quinolones in water and egg samples using a novel magnetic covalent organic framework combined with UPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Li Na , Liang Mengnan , Zhang Hao , Hua Zhongxia , Ma Ling , Qi Yanyu , Wang Ke
Published: March 2024

We designed and fabricated a novel functionalized magnetic covalent organic framework as a magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) absorbent for the determination of 24 quinolones.
Light-driven methane conversion: unveiling methanol using a TiO2/TiOF2 photocatalyst
Authors: Saputera Wibawa Hendra , Yuniar Gita , Sasongko Dwiwahju
Published: March 2024

The presence of [001] facets and fluorine in the TiO2/TiOF2 plays vital role in improving photocatalytic methane to methanol conversion.
Aryl diazonium salts and benzene derivatives bearing two electron-donor substituents: chemical and mechanistic behaviours
Authors: Micheletti Gabriele , Boga Carla
Published: March 2024

Study of the electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction between benzenediazonium salts and neutral carbon nucleophiles.
Study on flame retardancy of EPDM reinforced by ammonium polyphosphate
Authors: Chen Yifei , Yi Shengping , Zhang Xilong , Shi Dunfa , Liu Chao , Rao Puwen , Huang Chi
Published: March 2024

Currently, the most widely used material for solid rocket motor (SRM) insulation is ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) filled with flame-retardant and ablation-resistant fillers.
Correction: Rational synthesis of 10GDC electrolyte through a microwave irradiation GNP facile route for SOFC applications
Authors: Shaikh S. P. S. , Rode Chandrashekhar V.
Published: March 2024

Correction for ‘Rational synthesis of 10GDC electrolyte through a microwave irradiation GNP facile route for SOFC applications’ by S. P. S. Shaikh et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 3020–3028, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9RA09476H.
Synergistic carbon defect modulation in porous carbon nitride nanotubes for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zhao Bin , Zhang Beibei , Liu Xing , Mou Zihao , Wang Baogang , Wang Zhijun , Wang Qingyuan
Published: March 2024

Carbon vacancy modified carbon nitride nanotubes for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
Bioinspired superhydrophobic polylactic acid aerogel with a tree branch structure for the removal of viscous oil spills assisted by solar energy
Authors: Guan Yihao , Bi Bingqian , Qiao Di , Cao Sijing , Zhang Wenjun , Wang Zhining , Zeng Hongbo , Li Yiming
Published: March 2024

Inspired by the tree's distinctive structure, the G-PLA aerogel has an aligned channel. This structure has excellent photothermal conversion and vertical heat transfer capacity and can increase the oil absorption rate by 30%.
Functional framework materials for biomedical applications
Authors: Forgan Ross S. , Gref Ruxandra , Liu Jianqiang
Published: March 2024

Ross S. Forgan, Ruxandra Gref and Jianqiang Liu introduce the Journal of Materials Chemistry B themed collection on functional framework materials for biomedical applications.
Recent developments in the state-of-the-art optoelectronic synaptic devices based on 2D materials: a review
Authors: Jana Rajesh , Ghosh Sagnik , Bhunia Ritamay , Chowdhury Avijit
Published: March 2024

This review showcases the diverse functionalities of 2D materials and state-of-the-art developments in device structures, working principles, design strategies of materials, and the integration of 2D material-based optoelectronic synaptic devices.
Optimizing high-efficiency multiple resonance blue delayed fluorescent emitters through charge transfer excited state tuning
Authors: Wang Zhen , Qu Cheng , Liang Jie , Zhuang Xuming , Liu Yu , Wang Yue
Published: March 2024

Two novel oxygen-bridged boron MR-TADF materials realize efficient doped blue OLEDs with maximum external quantum efficiencies and power efficiencies of 38.6 and 28.1%, 59.6 and 58.6 lm W−1 respectively accompanied by exceptionally narrow FWHM.
Iron oxide nanoparticles: a narrative review of in-depth analysis from neuroprotection to neurodegeneration
Authors: Agarwal Ruchika , Adhikary Satadal , Bhattacharya Suchandra , Goswami Sohini , Roy Dipsikha , Dutta Sohini , Ganguly Abhratanu , Nanda Sayantani , Rajak Prem
Published: March 2024

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are ubiquitous in nature. They can play dual functions, one in neuroprotection and other in neurodegeneration.
Perceptions of Hearing Health Care: A Qualitative Analysis of Satisfied and Dissatisfied Online Reviews
Authors: van Bruggen Sanchia , Bennett Rebecca Jane , Manchaiah Vinaya , Jager Leigh Biagio-de , Swanepoel De Wet
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to examine the hearing health care experience of satisfied and dissatisfied consumers as reported on Google reviews.

Method:

Using qualitative thematic analysis, open-text responses from Google regarding hearing health care clinics across 40 U.S. cities were examined. During the original search, 13,168 reviews were identified. Purposive sampling led to a total of 8,420 five-star reviews and 321 one-star reviews. The sample consisted of 500 five-star (satisfied) and 234 one-star (dissatisfied) reviews, describing experiences with audiology clinics, excluding reviews related to ear, nose, and throat services; other medical specialties; and those not relevant to hearing health care.

Results:

Satisfied and dissatisfied consumer reviews yielded nuanced dimensions of the hearing health care consumer experience, which were grouped into distinct domains, themes, and subthemes. Six and seven domains were identified from the satisfied and dissatisfied reviews, encompassing 23 and 26 themes, respectively. The overall experience domain revealed emotions ranging from contentment and gratitude to dissatisfaction and waning loyalty. The clinical outcomes domain highlights the pivotal contribution of well-being and hearing outcomes to the consumer experience, while the standard of care domain underscores shared expectations for punctuality, person-centered care, and efficient communication. Facility quality, professional competence, and inclusive care were also highlighted across positive and negative reviews.

Conclusions:

Findings indicate dimensions of satisfied and dissatisfied hearing health care consumer experiences, identifying areas for potential service refinement. These consumer experiences inform person-centric service delivery in hearing health care.
Provisioning edge computing services in urban areas through the chaining of unmanned aerial vehicles: A genetic approach
Authors: Tang Zhihai , Huang AiWen , Chang Le
Published: March 2024

Edge computing has been proved an efficient approach to provisioning computation offloading service to vehicles on road through Road‐Side Units (RSUs). However, the traffic volume on road is highly dynamic, while RSU‐based edge servers are static in terms of geographical location and computation capacity. To address this problem, this paper proposes a mobile edge server placement strategy using cruising UAVs along the roads based on the genetic algorithm. A mathematical model is first built to characterize the deployment cost of these UAV‐mounted servers and their routes. Next, a heuristic UAV‐mounted edge server deployment scheme based on K‐medoid clustering and genetic algorithms is designed. Experimental results verify that the proposed UAV deployment scheme satisfies the offloading demand of IoV nodes while reducing the total deployment cost by 17.05–48.94% compared with existing popular approaches.
Preventive framework for resilience enhancement in networked microgrids: A focus on hydrogen integration and optimal energy management
Authors: Amini Saeed , Safarzadeh Omid , Mozafari Babak
Published: March 2024

The integration of distributed energy resources and smart grid technologies has increased the vulnerability and complexity of modern power systems, especially in the face of extreme events. Enhancing the resilience of power systems is crucial to ensure continuous and reliable electricity supply during and after such events. This paper proposes a preventive framework to enhance the resilience of networked microgrids (NMGs) during extreme events. The framework integrates optimal energy management strategies and preventive resilience enhancement measures, focusing on the coordination and utilization of hydrogen (H2) energy systems and controllable distributed generators (CDGs). The framework leverages capacity‐based signals to prompt H2 system owners and CDG operators to prepare for disruptions by fully charging H2 storage tanks and pre‐scheduling CDG commitments. By utilizing this proactive energy scheduling, critical loads can be supplied through stationary fuel cells and CDGs, improving overall network resilience. The proposed resilient energy management approach combines optimization techniques to improve the resilience of NMGs and reduce their dependence on the main grid. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed linear model in enhancing the resilience of NMGs and improving their operational performance during extreme events. The contributions of this paper include advancements in understanding NMGs, the development of a preventive framework, integration of H2 energy systems and CDGs, and proposal of effective signalling models.
Smart grid optimization considering decentralized power distribution and demand side management
Authors: Afsari Fatemeh , Ahmadi Jirdehi Mehdi
Published: March 2024

The increasing integration of microgrids into distribution networks has highlighted the significance of evaluating and managing intelligent microgrids from both technical and economic perspectives. In this paper, a decentralized approach using agents is employed to optimize the operation of an intelligent microgrid within the telecommunications platform. The decentralized control method comprises two layers. The first layer represents the main microgrid, which includes loads and their controllers, as well as renewable and conventional resources. In the secondary layer, there is a telecommunication platform in which agents can operate as a control processor along with the means of communication. It should be noted that agents interact with the primary layer and neighbouring agents and exchange information with each other. This exchange takes place until the best state of optimization for the power supply occurs. In this study, the operation cost is calculated for decentralized control rules and considering telecommunication links. Also, the effect of performance on cost reduction is examined and compared with normal conditions and centralized methods. It can be seen that the operation cost of the network has decreased to 9.034% after the implementation of the mentioned method in comparison with the normal condition and it has decreased to 6.957% in comparison with the centralized method. Then, using a demand side management program, the cost will be reduced by 2.5%. In the next step, the uncertainty of available resources is taken into account where the uncertainties increase the cost by 7.8%.
Interpretable vision transformer based on prototype parts for COVID‐19 detection
Authors: Xu Yang , Meng Zuqiang
Published: March 2024

Over the past few years, the COVID‐19 virus has had a significant impact on the physical and mental health of people around the world. Therefore, in order to effectively distinguish COVID‐19 patients, many deep learning efforts have used chest medical images to detect COVID‐19. As with model accuracy, interpretability is also important in the work related to human health. This work introduces an interpretable vision transformer that uses the prototype method for the detection of positive patients with COVID‐19. The model can learn the prototype features of each category based on the structural characteristics of ViT. The predictions of the model are obtained by comparing all the features of the prototype in the designed prototype block. The proposed model was applied to two chest X‐ray datasets and one chest CT dataset, achieving classification performance of 99.3%, 96.8%, and 98.5% respectively. Moreover, the prototype method can significantly improve the interpretability of the model. The decisions of the model can be interpreted based on prototype parts. In the prototype block, the entire inference process of the model can be shown and the predictions of the model can be demonstrated to be meaningful through the visualization of the prototype features.
A review of intentional electromagnetic interference in power electronics: Conducted and radiated susceptibility
Authors: Jie Huamin , Zhao Zhenyu , Zeng Yu , Chang Yongqi , Fan Fei , Wang Changdong , See Kye Yak
Published: March 2024

With the advancements in Industry 4.0 and the global demand for sustainable energy, power electronics devices are emerging as pivotal components for modern industrial, transportation, and energy delivery. Ensuring the security of these devices is of paramount importance for safeguarding the reliable operation of critical systems against any threats. In recent years, the issue of intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI) attack and their related countermeasures have gained widespread attention in both military and civilian power electronics sectors. Here, a review of IEMI in power electronics is provided. Starting from the electromagnetic compatibility standards, the test setups for evaluating the device immunity are introduced. Due to different attack modes and propagation paths, IEMI illuminations are typically categorized into conduction and radiation, where their susceptibility studies, applications, and defence strategies are discussed, respectively. Finally, the existing challenges, ongoing trends, and future topics in this field are discussed.
Study of the 20Ne(p,γ)21Na reaction at LUNA
Authors: Caciolli Antonio
Published: March 2024

The NeNa-MgAl cycles are involved in the synthesis of Ne, Na, Mg, and Al isotopes. The 20Ne(p,γ)21Na (Q = 2431.68 keV) reaction is the first and slowest reaction of the NeNa cycle and it controls the speed at which the entire cycle proceeds. At the state of the art, the uncertainty on the 20Ne(p,γ)21Na reaction rate affects the production of the elements in the NeNa cycle. In particular, in the temperature range from 0.1 GK to 1 GK, the rate is dominated by the 366 keV resonance corresponding to the excited state of EX = 2797.5 keV and by the direct capture component. The present study focus on the study of the 366 keV resonance and the direct capture below 400 keV. At LUNA (Laboratory for Underground Nuclear Astrophysics) the 20Ne(p,γ)21Na reaction has been measured using the intense proton beam delivered by the LUNA 400 kV accelerator and a windowless differential-pumping gas target. The products of the reaction are detected with two high-purity germanium detectors. The experimental details and preliminary results on the 366 keV resonance and on the direct capture component at very low energies will be shown, together with their possible impact on the 20Ne(p,γ)21Na reaction rate.
Upgrades of the ESPERTA forecast tool for solar proton events
Authors: Laurenza Monica , Stumpo Mirko , Zucca Pietro , Mancini Mattia , Benella Simone , Clark Liam , Alberti Tommaso , Marcucci Maria Federica
Published: March 2024

The Empirical model for Solar Proton Events Real Time Alert (ESPERTA) exploits three solar parameters (flare longitude, soft X-ray fluence, and radio fluence) to provide a timely prediction for the occurrence of solar proton events (SPEs, i.e., when the >10MeV proton flux is ≥10 pfu) after the emission of a ≥M2 flare. In addition, it makes a prediction for the most dangerous SPEs for which the >10 MeV proton flux is ≥100 pfu. In this paper, we study two different ways to upgrade the ESPERTA model and implement it in real time: 1) by using ground based observations from the LOFAR stations; 2) by applying a novel machine learning algorithm to flare-based parameters to provide early warnings of SPE occurrence together with a fine-tuned radiation storm level. As a last step, we perform a preliminary study using a neural network to forecast the proton flux 1-hour ahead to complement the ESPERTA tool. We evaluate the models over flare and SPE data covering the last two solar cycles and discuss their performance, limits, and advantages.
Remote operation of cross-sectional imaging devices as a new form of teleoperation: Structural, technical, regulatory, and qualification aspects in Germany
Authors: Deistung Andreas , Gussew Alexander , Schneider Jens , Beblacz Alexander , Pech Maciej , Wohlgemuth Walter A.
Published: March 2024

Background There is a significant shortage of radiographers in Germany and this shortage is expected to increase. Thus, it is becoming increasingly difficult for radiological facilities to adequately provide their services for the required period of time. Teleradiology has already been established for electronic transmission of diagnostic radiographic imaging examinations between two geographical locations for diagnostic reporting. Recently, the concept of teleoperating radiological devices has become increasingly attractive.

Method We examined the potential of teleoperating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in radiological facilities within the German regulatory framework in order to address the shortage of qualified personnel. To this end, we are introducing the concept of remote scanning, the structural foundations, the technical requirements associated with it, as well as the legal and educational qualifications of the relevant professional groups. Furthermore, suggestions regarding nomenclature and necessary standard operating procedures to efficiently integrate teleoperation into a clinical workflow adhering to high patient safety standards are provided.

Results Companies provide technical solutions or even experienced radiographers as a service on demand for teleoperating radiological imaging devices remotely from a distance. There should be a comprehensive on-site strategy to effectively embed remote scanning into clinics. Local information technology and data security institutions should be involved in implementation. In order to guarantee that the remote operation workflow is able to provide health care services in line with regulative and legal standards, it is essential to implement standardized personal and institutional training, certifications, and accreditation procedures. Standard operating procedures (SOPs) and checklists for the involved staff, which are adapted to the local workflow in the participating facilities, are beneficial.

Conclusion Remote MRI scanning is an evolving technology that further expands the concept of teleradiology to include teleoperations and provides flexibility with respect to the staffing of MRI operators. Careful consideration and dedicated expertise of all involved parties are required to ensure patient safety, meet regulations, and successfully integrate teleoperations into clinics.

Key points 

Citation Format
Postoperative Return to Play and the Role of Imaging
Authors: Brumbaugh Aaron D. , Casagranda Bethany U.
Published: March 2024

Return to play (RTP) following surgery is a complex subject at the interface of social and internal pressures experienced by the athlete, psychological readiness, and intrinsic healing of the surgically repaired structures. Although functional testing, time from surgery, clinical examination, and scoring metrics can help clarify an athlete's readiness to return to sport, imaging can allow for a more direct assessment of the structures in question. Because imaging is often included in the diagnostic work-up of pain following surgery, the radiologist must be familiar with the expected postsurgical imaging appearance, as well as the associated complications. We briefly review such findings following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, Achilles tendon repair, syndesmotic fixation, and ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction in the context of the athlete, highlighting issues related to RTP.
Percutaneous Interventions for Injuries in Athletes: Implications on Return to Play
Authors: Varela-Margolles Diana , Milani Ava , Kamel Sarah I.
Published: March 2024

For nonsurgical musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries in athletes, image-guided percutaneous intervention may aid in recovery and decrease return to play (RTP) time. These interventions fall into two major categories: to reduce inflammation (and therefore alleviate pain) or to promote healing. This review describes the risks and benefits of the various percutaneous interventions in MSK athletic injury and surveys the literature regarding the implication of these interventions on RTP.
Hamstring Injuries: A Paradigm for Return to Play
Authors: Hoy Michael K. , Stache Stephen , Roedl Johannes B.
Published: March 2024

Muscle injuries are the most common sports-related injuries, with hamstring involvement most common in professional athletes. These injuries can lead to significant time lost from play and have a high risk of reinjury. We review the anatomy, mechanisms of injury, diagnostic imaging modalities, and treatment techniques for hamstring injuries. We also present the latest evidence related to return to play (RTP) after hamstring injuries, including a review of articles targeted to RTP in European soccer (Union of European Football Associations), American football (National Football League), and other professional sports. Review of imaging findings in hamstring injury, grading systems for injuries, considerations for RTP, as well as advances in injury prevention, are discussed.
SBRT for Liver Tumors: What the Interventional Radiologist Needs to Know
Authors: Gutman Michael J. , Serra Lucas M. , Koshy Matthew , Katipally Rohan R.
Published: March 2024

This review summarizes the clinical evidence supporting the utilization of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for liver tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma, liver metastases, and cholangiocarcinoma. Emerging prospective evidence has demonstrated the benefit and low rates of toxicity across a broad range of clinical contexts. We provide an introduction for the interventional radiologist, with a discussion of underlying themes such as tumor dose–response, mitigation of liver toxicity, and the technical considerations relevant to performing liver SBRT. Ultimately, we recommend that SBRT should be routinely included in the armamentarium of locoregional therapies for liver malignancies, alongside those liver-directed therapies offered by interventional radiology.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Advances in Systemic Therapy
Authors: Selene Insija Ilyas , Ozen Merve , Patel Reema A.
Published: March 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent primary liver cancer, representing over 90% of cases globally and ranking as the third leading cause of cancer-related death. This article reviews the evolving landscape of systemic therapies for advanced HCC, emphasizing recent advancements and their impact on patient outcomes. The advent of molecular targeted therapies has transformed HCC management, with sorafenib being the first FDA-approved molecular targeted therapy, setting a standard for a decade. However, recent breakthroughs involve the combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab, demonstrating superior outcomes over sorafenib, leading to FDA approval in 2020. Another notable combination is tremelimumab and durvalumab, showing efficacy in a multinational phase III trial. Beyond these combinations, this article explores the role of other first-line treatments and subsequent therapies after progression. The evolving landscape of systemic therapies for HCC reflects a paradigm shift, with immunotherapy combinations emerging as key players alongside targeted therapies. This article highlights the complexity of treatment decisions, considering individual patient characteristics and disease etiology, and underscores the ongoing quest to optimize both systemic and local–regional therapies for improved long-term outcomes in HCC patients.
A proposed brand architecture model for UK fashion brands
Authors: Rashid Arooj , Spry Louise , Pich Christopher
Published: March 2024

Corporate brand identity is becoming a strategic issue in the UK fashion industry, as it is complex and constantly under pressure to differentiate. Fashion brands are expanding through a range of channels and rapidly changing takeovers, and it is unclear whether internal stakeholders are aware of the possible consequences of these approaches. In particular, there appears to be no literature on how retail and wholesale brands develop and manage their corporate brand identities during these changes and whether they draw on any meaningful connections with their customers. To understand how brand architecture might support the development of brand strategies in the UK fashion industry, perceptions of corporate brand identities were explored in retail and wholesale brands. Fifteen qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with elite informants. The findings reveal that retail brand identities can become disconnected from their sub-brands; therefore, brand identity may be invisible to consumers, while wholesale brands maintain a strong visible brand identity dependent on the brand’s values, historical legacy, innovation and positioning. A brand architecture model is developed that more accurately reflects the complex dimensions of UK fashion brands, particularly when channels expand and takeovers take place. These perspectives have not been reported in the literature.
Mapping the urban and rural planning response paths to pandemics of infectious diseases
Authors: Zhang Haozhe , Li Jinyi
Published: March 2024

Modern urban and rural planning has a long history in terms of epidemics. However, contemporary urban and rural planning lacks a comprehensive response map for the prevention and control of infectious diseases. As the process of comprehensive policies making for social issues, a bridge between urban and rural development and the prevention and control of infectious diseases must be established. This research sorts out the academic literature that studies the relationship and logic between epidemic infectious diseases and urban and rural physical environments. This research constructed links between issues of urban and rural planning and the means of prevention and control of epidemic infectious diseases, and drew them to form a comprehensive map which illustrates the logic paths between 12 issues of urban and rural planning and intricate factors of epidemic infectious diseases. The atlas provided in this study shows that planners could have a simplified, without missing key points, way to make, examine, and evaluate planning strategies from limited perspectives such as pathogen exposure opportunities, pathogen resistance, hosts, travel, and trade, when addressing pandemic issues.
Quantum interference effects in a 3D topological insulator with high-temperature bulk-insulating behavior
Authors: Zhao Weiyao , Xing Kaijian , Chen Lei , Vu Thi-Hai-Yen , Akhgar Golrokh , He Yahua , Bake Abdulhakim , Wang Xiaolin , Karel Julie
Published: March 2024

The Bi2Se3-family of 3D topological insulators (3DTI) exhibit insulating bulk states and surface states presenting a Dirac cone. At low temperatures, the conduction channels through the bulk of the material are fully gapped, making 3DTIs perfect systems to study the 2D transport behavior of Dirac fermions. Here, we report a 3DTI Bi1.1Sb0.9STe2 with a reduced level of defects, and thus, high-temperature insulating behavior in its bulk states. The insulator-to-metal transition occurs at ∼250 K, below which the bulk contributions are negligible. Even at room temperature, the conductivity contribution from the bulk channel is less than 20%. Quantum transport properties of topological surface states are observed in the Bi1.1Sb0.9STe2 nanoflake devices, e.g., high Hall mobility (∼1150 cm2/V s at 3 K), strong Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations with π Berry phase, weak antilocalization, and electron–electron interaction. Notably, additional oscillation patterns with quasi-periodicity-in-B and field-independent amplitude features are observed. The surface dominant transport behavior up to room temperature suggests that Bi1.1Sb0.9STe2 is a room temperature topological insulator for electronic/spintronic applications.
Rapid millisecond heating via ferromagnetic resonance in MnFe2O4 nanoparticles
Authors: Kim Yongsub , Lee Jae-Hyeok , Verma Rajni , Kim Sang-Koog
Published: March 2024

This study undertakes an exhaustive analysis of rapid heat generation in MnFe2O4 nanoparticles through ferromagnetic resonance within an ultra-fast timeframe of 1 ms. Real-time monitoring of temperature during single-field-pulse excitations provided detailed insights into the temperature rise profiles. By integrating micromagnetic simulations with analytical modeling—taking into account both convective and radiative losses—we have deepened our understanding of the heat transfer dynamics at play. Adjusting the analytical model to align with experimental temperature profiles enabled us to determine the efficiency of converting spin dissipation energy into heat, which stands at 17%. This figure reflects not only the surface area of the nanoparticles but also includes considerations for radiative and convective losses. Notably, employing a low AC-field strength of 17.6 Oe facilitated a rapid temperature increase of up to 90 K in just 0.5 s, showcasing a peak initial temperature rise rate of approximately 680 K/s. This research advances the frontiers of high-power heat generation driven by spin dynamics and provides a comprehensive exploration of heat transfer mechanisms over exceptionally short pulse durations. These findings could revolutionize precise and rapid temperature management at the nanoscale, unlocking prospects in bio applications, accelerated material processing, and inducing color and phase shifts in polymer matrices.
Numerical study of film cooling in single-element injector gaseous CH4/O2 rocket engine with coupled wall function
Authors: Liu Jianing , Zhang Silong , Wei Jianfei , Haidn Oskar J.
Published: March 2024

The investigation of film cooling in CH4/O2 rocket engines holds paramount importance in the advancement of rocket propulsion. However, the wall heat flux is always overestimated in numerical simulation processes. Hence, this article proposes a numerical framework that employs the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes method to simulate the single-element gaseous CH4/gaseous O2 combustion chamber, which is the basis for rocket engine simulations. The coupled wall function that considers chemical reaction effects is introduced to enhance the accuracy of wall heat flux prediction. The impact of utilizing a coupled wall treatment on the prediction of wall heat flux and its fundamental parameters are examined. In addition, a single-element combustion chamber experiment is performed to validate the simulation. The results demonstrate that the implementation of the coupled wall function hardly influences the main flow characteristics, whereas the wall heat flux calculated with general wall functions shows an overestimation, which can be reduced by the coupled wall function. Finally, the case with a coupled wall function can improve the cooling efficiency with greater accuracy and the cooling systems with optimized design. The proposed numerical framework and the findings of the study provide profound insights that can improve the design and optimization of rocket engines.
Silicon spin qubit noise characterization using real-time feedback protocols and wavelet analysis
Authors: Dumoulin Stuyck Nard , Seedhouse Amanda E. , Serrano Santiago , Tanttu Tuomo , Gilbert Will , Huang Jonathan Yue , Hudson Fay , Itoh Kohei M. , Laucht Arne , Lim Wee Han , Yang Chih Hwan , Saraiva Andre , Dzurak Andrew S.
Published: March 2024

Recently, several groups have demonstrated two-qubit gate fidelities in semiconductor spin qubit systems above 99%. Achieving this regime of fault-tolerant compatible high fidelities is nontrivial and requires exquisite stability and precise control over the different qubit parameters over an extended period of time. This motivates the search for the efficient calibration of qubit control parameters against different sources of micro- and macroscopic noise and methods for noise analysis. Here, we present several single- and two-qubit parameter feedback protocols, optimized for and implemented in the state-of-the-art fast field-programmable gate array hardware. Furthermore, we present a wavelet-based analysis on feedback data collected over a ∼9 h time frame to gain insight into the different sources of noise in the system. Scalable feedback is an outstanding challenge and the presented implementation and analysis gives insight into the benefits and drawbacks of qubit parameter feedback, as feedback related overhead increases. This work demonstrates a pathway toward robust qubit parameter feedback and systematic noise analysis, crucial for mitigation strategies toward systematic high-fidelity qubit operation compatible with quantum error correction protocols.
Performance measurements for indoor photovoltaic devices: Classification of a novel light source
Authors: Parsons D. E. , Koutsourakis G. , Blakesley J. C.
Published: March 2024

There is an increasing interest in using indoor photovoltaic (IPV) devices to power Internet of Things applications, low power communications, and indoor environmental sensing. For the commercialization of IPV technologies, device performance measurements need to conform to the relevant standardized specifications. We present a novel IPV device measurement system that incorporates digital light processing (DLP) to deliver a spectrally invariant light source at all required illuminance levels, as specified by the indoor standard testing conditions in IEC TS 62607-7-2:2023. We evaluated the DLP system according to requirements for spectral coincidence, temporal stability, and non-uniformity at the sample plane. We demonstrate the measurements to define the classification status of the system and the unique benefits of the DLP system that allow a stable spectral profile and high levels of uniformity across all illuminance levels. This is the first reported measurement system for IPV device testing based on DLP technology, and the classification methodology of this work can be used as an example for the classification of indoor light simulators in laboratory environments based on the latest IEC TS 62607-7-2:2023.
Hybrid material integration for active photonic applications
Authors: Chen Chengyu , Chen Yuping , Fang Zhifan , Ge Rui , Wu Jiangwei , Chen Xianfeng
Published: March 2024

The huge development of micro-/nano-manufacturing techniques on different materials has greatly expanded the possibilities of realizing on-chip multifunctional devices on photonic integrated circuits. In recent years, we have witnessed technological advancements, such as active photonic applications through hybrid integration. In this Perspective, we first summarize the integrated photonic materials, hybrid integration technologies, and corresponding coupling techniques in hybrid integration and give the technique prospects. We also introduce significant advances in hybrid integration technologies for active photonic applications, such as laser sources, optical frequency combs, and modulators, and give our views that are likely to develop rapidly. Finally, we discuss the challenges in hybrid technologies and photonic applications.
Direct sampling of femtosecond electric-field waveforms from an optical parametric oscillator
Authors: Kempf Hannes , Muraviev Andrey , Breuning Felix , Schunemann Peter G. , Tenne Ron , Leitenstorfer Alfred , Vodopyanov Konstantin
Published: March 2024

Detecting the electric-field waveform of an optical pulse from the terahertz to the visible spectral domain provides a complete characterization of the average field waveform and holds great potential for quantum optics, time-domain (including frequency-comb) spectroscopy, high-harmonic generation, and attosecond science, to name a few. The field-resolved measurements can be performed using electro-optic sampling, where a laser pulse is characterized through an interaction with another pulse of a much shorter duration. The measured pulse train must consist of identical pulses, including their equal carrier-envelope phase (CEP). Due to the limited coverage of broadband laser gain media, creating CEP-stable pulse trains in the mid-infrared typically requires nonlinear frequency conversion, such as difference frequency generation, optical parametric amplification, or optical rectification. These techniques operate in a single-pass geometry, often limiting efficiency. In this work, we demonstrate field-resolved analysis of the pulses generated in a resonant system, an optical parametric oscillator (OPO). Due to the inherent feedback, this device exhibits a relatively high conversion efficiency at a given level of input power. By electro-optic sampling, we prove that a subharmonic OPO pumped with CEP-stable few-cycle fiber-laser pulses generates a CEP-stable mid-infrared output. The full amplitude and phase information renders dispersion control straightforward. We also confirm the existence of an exotic “flipping” state of the OPO directly in the time domain, where the electric field of consecutive pulses has the opposite sign.