bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The salivary microbiome as an indicator of carcinogenesis in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A pilot study
Authors: Wolf Axel , Moissl-Eichinger Christine , Perras Alexandra , Koskinen Kaisa , Tomazic Peter V. , Thurnher Dietmar
Published: July 2017

This study aimed to undertake an initial, comparative analysis of the oral salivary microbiome of patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma versus healthy controls. This project, conceived as a pilot study, included 11 patients (1 female, 10 male, mean age 61.6 yrs., SD = 8.2 yrs.) and 11 healthy controls (1 female, 10 male, mean age 46.7 yrs., SD = 15.1 yrs.). Samples of saliva were analysed by high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene using the MiSeq platform. Sequence data revealed microbial changes that may mirror disease progression and reflect clinical preconditions such as age, alcohol consumption, tumour size, lymph node status, smoking habit, and tumour HPV-positivity. Consequently, mapping microbial changes in patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas might improve our understanding of the pathobiology of the disease, and help in the design of novel diagnostic and treatment strategies.
Loss of X-linked Protocadherin-19 differentially affects the behavior of heterozygous female and hemizygous male mice
Authors: Hayashi Shuichi , Inoue Yoko , Hattori Satoko , Kaneko Mari , Shioi Go , Miyakawa Tsuyoshi , Takeichi Masatoshi
Published: July 2017

Mutations in the X-linked gene Protocadherin-19 (Pcdh19) cause female-limited epilepsy and mental retardation in humans. Although Pcdh19 is known to be a homophilic cell-cell adhesion molecule, how its mutations bring about female-specific disorders remains elusive. Here, we report the effects of Pcdh19 knockout in mice on their development and behavior. Pcdh19 was expressed in various brain regions including the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Although Pcdh19-positive cells were evenly distributed in layer V of wild-type cortices, their distribution became a mosaic in Pcdh19 heterozygous female cortices. In cortical and hippocampal neurons, Pcdh19 was localized along their dendrites, showing occasional accumulation on synapses. Pcdh19 mutants, however, displayed no detectable abnormalities in dendrite and spine morphology of layer V neurons. Nevertheless, Pcdh19 hemizygous males and heterozygous females showed impaired behaviors including activity defects under stress conditions. Notably, only heterozygous females exhibited decreased fear responses. In addition, Pcdh19 overexpression in wild-type cortices led to ectopic clustering of Pcdh19-positive neurons. These results suggest that Pcdh19 is required for behavioral control in mice, but its genetic loss differentially affects the male and female behavior, as seen in human, and they also support the hypothesis that the mosaic expression of Pcdh19 in brains perturbs neuronal interactions.
Versatility of a carbon paste electrode coupled to differential pulse voltammetry for determination of lisinopril with its associations (hydrochlorothiazide and amlodipine)
Authors: Valezi Camila Farinha , Pires Eisele Ana Paula , Romão Sartori Elen
Published: July 2017

This work describes two analytical methods for the determination of pairs of antihypertensives using a carbon paste electrode coupled with differential pulse voltammetry.
Characterizing the phosphatase mimetic activity of cerium oxide nanoparticles and distinguishing its active site from that for catalase mimetic activity using anionic inhibitors
Authors: Dhall A. , Burns A. , Dowding J. , Das S. , Seal S. , Self W.
Published: July 2017

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) are potent reactive oxygen and nitrogen species scavengers and demonstrate beneficial antioxidant properties in both cell culture and animal studies.
Accurate and rapid organic detection by eliminating hysteresis in bioanode sensor applications
Authors: Yuan Pengyi , Kim Younggy
Published: July 2017

Bioanode sensors utilizing exoelectrogenic bacteria can be used for real-time and in situ assessment of water quality.
Enhancement of the solubility and antioxidant capacity of α-linolenic acid using an oil in water microemulsion
Authors: Chen Boru , Hou Mengna , Zhang Bo , Liu Tiankuo , Guo Yun , Dang Leping , Wang Zhanzhong
Published: July 2017

The present study was performed to enhance the solubility and antioxidant capacity of α-linolenic acid using an O/W microemulsion.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of chalcone-linked pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as potential anticancer agents
Authors: Bagul Chandrakant , Rao Garikapati Koteswara , Makani Venkata Krishna Kanth , Tamboli Jaki R. , Pal-Bhadra Manika , Kamal Ahmed
Published: July 2017

A series of chalcone-linked pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines was synthesized and evaluated for antiproliferative activity.
High performance asymmetric V2O5–SnO2 nanopore battery by atomic layer deposition
Authors: Liu Chanyuan , Kim Nam , Rubloff Gary W. , Lee Sang Bok
Published: July 2017

Here we report the high performance and cyclability of an asymmetric full cell nanopore battery, comprised of V2O5 as the cathode and prelithiated SnO2 as the anode, with integrated nanotubular metal current collectors underneath each nanotubular storage electrode, confined within an anodized aluminium oxide (AAO) nanopore.
Vibrational contributions to intrinsic friction in charged transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Cammarata Antonio , Polcar Tomas
Published: July 2017

Electron redistribution upon charge neutrality perturbation is regulated by the d3r2−z2 orbital, controlling the low frequency phonon modes influencing intrinsic friction.
The synthesis of polysubstituted indoles from 3-bromo-2-indolyl phosphates
Authors: Polák Peter , Tobrman Tomáš
Published: July 2017

A novel methodology for the synthesis of functionalised indoles based on the cross-coupling reactions of 3-bromo-2-indolyl phosphates is described.
Excited-state intermolecular proton transfer dependent on the substitution pattern of anthracene–diurea compounds involved in fluorescent ON1–OFF–ON2 response by the addition of acetate ions
Authors: Matsumoto Hisato , Nishimura Yoshinobu , Arai Tatsuo
Published: July 2017

Anthracene–diurea compounds exhibit different excited-state intermolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reactions depending on the pattern of the substituents.
Selective synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]azepines or 4,6-dicarbonyl indoles via tandem reactions of alkynones with pyrrole derivatives
Authors: Zhao Yulei , Yuan Yang , Xu Murong , Zheng Zhong , Zhang Runhua , Li Yanzhong
Published: July 2017

Selective synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]azepines catalyzed by ZnI2 or 4,6-dicarbonyl indoles promoted by silica gel via tandem reactions.
Block co-polyMOFs: assembly of polymer–polyMOF hybrids via iterative exponential growth and “click” chemistry
Authors: MacLeod M. J. , Johnson J. A.
Published: July 2017

A diblock copolymer comprised of styrene and a benzene dicarboxylic acid-based block forms a “block co-polyMOF” upon exposure to Zn2+.
A novel copper catalyst containing a hydroxyl functional group: a facile strategy to prepare block copolymers of vinyl monomer and ε-caprolactone via tandem reverse ATRP and ROP
Authors: Liu Xiao-hui , Zhang Qiu-yan , Di Wen-li , Zhang Yan-guang , Ding Chen
Published: July 2017

A facile hydroxyl-functionalized catalyst was first accessed to prepare block copolymers of vinyl and cyclic ester monomers via tandem reverse ATRP/ROP.
PepBio: predicting the bioactivity of host defense peptides
Authors: Simeon Saw , Li Hao , Win Thet Su , Malik Aijaz Ahmad , Kandhro Abdul Hafeez , Piacham Theeraphon , Shoombuatong Watshara , Nuchnoi Pornlada , Wikberg Jarl E. S. , Gleeson M. Paul , Nantasenamat Chanin
Published: July 2017

A large-scale QSAR study of host defense peptides sheds light on the origin of their bioactivities (antibacterial, anticancer, antiviral and antifungal).
Enhancing the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells on casein phosphopeptide-biofunctionalized 3D reduced-graphene oxide/polypyrrole scaffolds
Authors: Jie Weibo , Song Fuxiang , Li Xiaocheng , Li Wen , Wang Rui , Jiang Yanjiao , Zhao Libo , Fan Zengjie , Wang Jizeng , Liu Bin
Published: July 2017

The CPP-biofunctionalized 3D rGO/PPY scaffold can greatly boost the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, especially the 3D rGO/PPY/CPP20 scaffold.
A novel Zn(ii) dithiocarbamate/ZnS nanocomposite for highly efficient Cr6+ removal from aqueous solutions
Authors: Liu Li-Ning , Dai Jian-Guo , Zhao Tie-Jun , Guo Si-Yao , Hou Dong-Shuai , Zhang Peng , Shang Jun , Wang Shen , Han Song
Published: July 2017

Removal of hexavalent chromium by Zn(ii) dithiocarbamate/ZnS nanocomposite.
Specific microwave effect on Sn- and Ti-MFI zeolite synthesis
Authors: Sun Zhen , Li Ting , Li Gang , Zhang Yahong , Tang Yi
Published: July 2017

A specific microwave effect, demonstrated by the differences on Sn- and Ti-MFI zeolite preparation and characterization, provides a new direction for investigating microwave effects.
Effect of Y doping on high-pressure behavior of Ag2S nanocrystals
Authors: Wang Pan , Zhao Rui , Wu Lixin , Zhang Mingzhe
Published: July 2017

The effect of the dopant Y on high-pressure-induced polymorph transformation was investigated in Ag2S nanocrystals.
Formation of large-area stretchable 3D graphene–nickel particle foams and their sensor applications
Authors: Yang Cheng , Xu Yuanyuan , Man Peihong , Zhang Hao , Huo Yanyan , Yang Chuanxi , Li Zhen , Jiang Shouzhen , Man Baoyuan
Published: July 2017

3D graphene/nickel particles (Gr–NiP) foams, fabricated using CVD and stamp-transfer processes, are used for stretchable sensor applications. The NiP, covered by Gr layers, are useful for the 3D nanostructures and separated from each other for the stretchable application.
Flower-shaped TiO2clusters for highly efficient photocatalysis
Authors: Ning Xiao-Hui , Meng Qing-Ling , Han Yong-Lu , Zhou Dong-Yang , Li Li , Cao Liang , Weng Zhan-Kun , Ding Ran , Wang Zuo-Bin
Published: July 2017

TiO2clusters can be synthesized by a simple two-step process combining laser interference ablation with a hydrothermal reaction.
Design and optimization of an ultra-sensitive hairpin DNA aptasensor for Salmonella detection
Authors: Lee Jayeon , Jung Juyeon , Lee Chang Soo , Ha Tai Hwan
Published: July 2017

A simple scheme using a hairpin DNA aptasensor was established to detectSalmonellaTyphimurium (S.Typhimurium).
Selective cobalt nanoparticles for catalytic transfer hydrogenation of N-heteroarenes
Authors: Chen Feng , Sahoo Basudev , Kreyenschulte Carsten , Lund Henrik , Zeng Min , He Lin , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias
Published: July 2017

Nitrogen modified cobalt nanoparticles are easily prepared from melamine or melamine resins. The resulting catalysts show excellent selectivity for transfer hydrogenation of N-heteroarenes.
Unexpected thermal annealing effects on the viscosity of polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Chen Fei , Takatsuji Koshu , Zhao Dan , Yu Xuanji , Kumar Sanat K. , Tsui Ophelia K. C.
Published: July 2017

Viscosity of polymer nanocomposites evolves unexpectedly slowly. The resulting variations in the viscosity ratio depend on the particle–polymer interfacial condition.
Fabrication of an MOF-derived heteroatom-doped Co/CoO/carbon hybrid with superior sodium storage performance for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Kaneti Yusuf Valentino , Zhang Jun , He Yan-Bing , Wang Zhijie , Tanaka Shunsuke , Hossain Md Shahriar A. , Pan Zheng-Ze , Xiang Bin , Yang Quan-Hong , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: July 2017

MOF-derived heteroatom (Ni and N)-doped Co/CoO/carbon hybrid with superior sodium storage performance for sodium-ion batteries have been fabricated from bimetallic Ni–Co-ZIF particles through annealing under argon atmosphere at 500 °C.
Tailoring pores in graphene-based materials: from generation to applications
Authors: Yang Tieshan , Lin Han , Zheng Xiaorui , Loh Kian Ping , Jia Baohua
Published: July 2017

Combining the merits from both porous material and graphene, porous graphene-based materials have received significant attention due to their unique porous structures, large surface areas and prominent electrical conductivity.
Cobalt/molybdenum carbide@N-doped carbon as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions
Authors: Jiang Jing , Liu Qiuxia , Zeng Chunmei , Ai Lunhong
Published: July 2017

A synergetic architecture composed of nitrogen-doped carbon encapsulating cobalt and molybdenum carbide nanoparticles (CoxMoy@NC) presents excellent performance towards both HER and OER catalysis in alkaline medium.
Facile size-controlled synthesis of fucoidan-coated gold nanoparticles and cooperative anticancer effect with doxorubicin
Authors: Jang Hongje , Kang Kyungtae , El-Sayed Mostafa A.
Published: July 2017

Facile one-pot synthesis, surface modification and doxorubicin conjugation of anticancer biopolymer fucoidan coated gold nanoparticle enabled highly efficient cancer therapy through cooperative treatment feasibility.
Changes in Neonatal Mineral Administration and Contaminant Exposure due to Sodium Phosphate Shortage
Authors: Holmes Amy , Porcelli Peter
Published: July 2017

Background National pharmaceutical shortages continue to affect clinical patient care, including neonatal patients. Early postnatal nutrition influences health and growth of infants; quantitative reports describing specific effects of drug shortages on neonatal care are not common.

Methods Parenteral nutrition (PN) orders created during the study period were modified to adjust for sodium phosphate unavailability. Original PN orders were collected retrospectively and compared with the modified orders for daily mineral doses, calcium:phosphorus ratio, and potential aluminum exposure. The corrected phosphorus dose was determined to compensate for algorithm-driven changes in phosphorus administration.

Results The PN corrected phosphorus dose decreased from 58.9 ± 19.7 mg/kg/day to 42.7 ± 21.7 mg/kg/day (mean ± standard deviation [SD], n = 226 from 22 patients, range, 0–63.4 mg/kg/day, p < 0.05) below the minimal recommended daily dose. There was a coincident doubling of the calcium:phosphorus ratio to > 2.5:1, which was above the desired ratio of 1.8:1. Using potassium phosphate as the only intravenous phosphate source increased the potential aluminum exposure to 60% (9.6 ± 5.0) above the recommended Food And Drug Administration (FDA) limit.

Discussion Neonatal PN phosphate administration decreased during the sodium phosphate shortage, raised calcium:phosphate ratios, and increased the potential aluminum exposure. Drug shortages continue to affect preterm infants. Coordinated efforts of health professionals with administrative resources are needed to provide effective short-term solutions and develop long-term strategies.

Clinical Relevance Providing optimal PN to neonates is essential for postnatal health and growth. This report describes the effect of a national drug shortage of injectable sodium phosphate on PN composition and infant mineral administration.
Prevention of Preterm Labor with 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) Caproate: A Comparison of Adverse Drug Reaction Rates between Compounded and Commercial Formulations
Authors: Bobowski Christina , Milikhiker Nataliya , Anguiano Rebekah , Mastrogiannis Dimitrios , Stone Rebecca
Published: July 2017

Objective A commercial formulation of injectable 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) for prevention of preterm birth was introduced in 2011; however, use of compounded formulations remains widespread. This study compared the frequency of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with compounded versus commercial 17OHP formulations, aiding in provider assessment of 17OHP tolerability.

Study Design A retrospective cohort evaluation of data obtained from the electronic medical record (EMR) of patients prescribed weekly 17OHP injections at an obstetric clinic between 2009 and 2015 was performed. A descriptive analysis characterized the frequency and proportion of ADRs associated with 17OHP administration. Patient differences between 17OHP formulations were identified with t-test, chi-square, or Fischer's exact tests.

Results Of 175 patients included, 56% received commercial formulation and 44% received compounded formulation. ADRs occurred in 16 patients, all of whom received the compounded formulation (p < 0.001). The most common ADRs were injection site reaction (n = 7) and acute coughing following 17OHP administration (n = 6). Of patients with an ADR, 63% discontinued all medication therapy for prevention of preterm birth or changed to an alternative therapy.

Conclusion Comparison of ADR rates between compounded and commercial formulation differed significantly. In addition to food and drug administration (FDA) compliance, providers may consider preferential use of the commercial formulation, since 21% of women receiving compounded product experienced an ADR.
Clinical Study to Analyze the Intramuscular Anatomy of Musculocutaneous Perforators of Anterolateral Thigh Flaps
Authors: Karthikeyan G. , Vishwanath Gurusamy , Singh S.K. , Venkatnaryanan R. , Renganathan Gopi
Published: July 2017

Background Anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is a common flap used for many microsurgical reconstructive procedures. Majority of these flaps are based on the musculocutaneous perforators, which, after arising from source artery, course through the bulk of the vastus lateralis muscle. The vascular anatomy of the ALT flap has been often decried as its limiting factor.

Methods In this prospective study conducted over 3 years, 207 cases of ALT flap were evaluated. During the harvest of ALT flap, musculocutaneous perforators were laid open through the vastus lateralis, and its variations and pattern were studied for clinical anatomy as well as impact of anatomy on the viability of the flap postoperatively.

Results The perforators were recognized to be grouped into three broadly distinguishable anatomical patterns: linear (I), branching (Y), or tortuous (S). While the majority of perforators (51%) were linear “I” perforators, serpentine “S” and branching “Y” perforators were 28 and 21%, respectively. The clinical outcomes were also related to the simplicity of these perforators course as linear “I” perforators had 100% flap viability.

Conclusion During the harvest of 207 ALT flaps through 3 years, it could be deciphered that the musculocutaneous perforators traverse through the bulk of vastus lateralis muscle in only three types of patterns (IYS pattern). This identification of pattern could help in prevention of injury while delineating the perforators. Identification and typing of anatomical variation of the musculocutaneous perforator within the vastus muscle could lead to a predictable and safer harvest of the ALT flap.
Imaging of Atypical Brain Infections and Infection Mimics in Children
Authors: Chokr Jad , Udayasankar Unni , Choudhary Gagandeep
Published: July 2017

Atypical brain infections in the pediatric age group are uncommon and different from the adult population; however, when present, they pose a diagnostic challenge and can result in serious and potentially fatal complications if not recognized and treated early in the course of the disease. Imaging plays a vital role because of relative inaccessibility to tissue sampling. This review article regroups the atypical pediatric brain infections (parasitic, fungal, viral, and bacterial) by age group (prenatal, perinatal, and post-neonatal period) and elucidates their characteristic imaging appearance, as well as focuses on their complications, in an aim to help clinicians (pediatricians/pediatric neuroradiologists/radiologists) better characterize, diagnose, and guide patient treatment. In addition, this review article also emphasizes on infection mimics of the central nervous system in order to empower our differential diagnosis, improve our diagnostic accuracy, and avoid unindicated patient management and treatment.
The Real-Life Effectiveness and Care Patterns of Type 2 Diabetes Management in Greece
Authors: Pagkalos Emmanuel , Thanopoulou Anastasia , Sampanis Christos , Bousboulas Stavros , Melidonis Andreas , Tentolouris Nicholas , Alexandrides Theodoros , Migdalis Ilias , Karamousouli Eugenia , Papanas Nikolaos
Published: July 2017

Aim To investigate the prevalence of hypoglycaemia during sulfonylurea (SU) treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Greece and its influence on glycaemic control, treatment adherence and quality of life (QoL).

Patients and methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. We included 383 T2DM patients ≥30 years old on treatment with SU in monotherapy or in combination with metformin for at least 6 months. Patients were requested to fill in retrospective questionnaires on hypoglycaemia experience, adherence, weight gain and lifestyle/behavioural factors along with QoL (EQ-5D-3L), treatment satisfaction (TSQM), and fear of hypoglycaemia (HFS-II Worry scale).

Results HbA1c<7% was found in 161 (42.0%) patients. In total, 165 (43.1%) patients reported hypoglycaemic symptoms during the previous 6 months: 41.6% (67/161) of those with HbA1c <7% and 44.1% (98/222) of those with HbA1c ≥7%. Glycaemic control was achieved by 43.1% (94/218) of patients without hypoglycaemia and 50.0% (41/82), 36.8% (25/68) and 6.7% (1/15) of patients with mild, moderate or severe hypoglycaemia, respectively (p=0.013). In multivariate analysis, both occurrence (none vs. mild/moderate/severe) and severity (none vs. mild vs. moderate vs. severe) of hypoglycaemia were significantly associated with impaired global treatment satisfaction (p=0.002 and p<0.0001 respectively) and HFS-II Worry scale scores (both p<0.0001), while lower QoL (EQ-5D (UK) Index) was related to hypoglycaemia severity (p=0.024) only. Finally, treatment adherence was associated with increased (none/mild vs. moderate/severe) hypoglycaemia severity in univariate analysis (p=0.019).

Conclusion A high prevalence of patient treated with SU reported hypoglycaemia in Greek healthcare settings with negative effects on treatment satisfaction, patient worry and adherence. Severity of hypoglycaemic symptoms was associated with reduced glycaemic control.
Submaximal Markers of Fatigue and Overreaching; Implications for Monitoring Athletes
Authors: Siegl André , M. Kösel Elisa , Tam Nicholas , Koschnick Susanne , Langerak Nelleke , Skorski Sabrina , Meyer Tim , Lamberts Robert
Published: July 2017

The regular monitoring of athletes is important to fine-tune training and detect early symptoms of overreaching. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine if a noninvasive submaximal running test could reflect a state of overreaching. 14 trained runners completed a noninvasive Lamberts Submaximal Running Test, one week before and 2 days after finishing an ultramarathon, and delayed onset of muscle soreness and the daily analysis of life demands for athletes questionnaire were also captured. After the ultramarathon, submaximal heart rate was lower at 70% (−3 beats) and 85% of peak treadmill running speed (P<0.01). Ratings of perceived exertion were higher at 60% (2 units) and 85% (one unit) of peak treadmill running speed, while 60-second heart rate recovery was significantly faster (7 beats, P<0.001). Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness scores and the number of symptoms of stress (Daily Analysis of Life Demands for Athletes) were also higher after the ultramarathon (P<0.01). The current study shows that the Lamberts Submaximal Running Test is able to reflect early symptoms of overreaching. Responses to acute fatigue and overreaching were characterized by counterintuitive responses, such as lower submaximal heart rates and faster heart rate recovery, while ratings of perceived exertion were higher.
Herd dynamics reflect constraints for pig production and farmer attitudes in smallholder systems in Lao PDR
Authors: Tiemann Tassilo T. , Phengvilaysouk Ammaly , Keonouchanh Soukanh
Published: July 2017

A field intervention and 17 months’ monitoring of pig herd dynamics in seven villages in Northern Laos was conducted. The collected data show for the first time herd dynamics based on quantitative data. They show that dynamics follow a regular cyclic pattern based on the general farm management approach applied by farmers, which lacks a specific pig management focus. Interventions aimed at improving animal management and nutrition were far less successful than envisioned but revealed major conflicts in perception between implementers and farmers. Farmers did not shift their focus to pig production as major income-generating activity as envisioned by implementers. Nevertheless, despite only partially improved systems, farrowing and animal growth rates were increased among committed farmers, whereas death rates have decreased. However, our quantitative data show a significant number of constraints reflected in the way how animals enter, pass through and leave smallholder production systems. Disease and disease prevention, as well as animal feeding are the two dominant hindrances to improved production. Both these obstacles are rather related to a lack of focus on animal production and therefore animal requirements than to an inherent lack of understanding. To increase interest though, poor income opportunities due to lacking market opportunities will have to be tackled. However, even with an incomplete transition from a traditional to an improved system, overall production increased by 600% in committed farmers with an about equivalent increase in income from this activity, showing that current systems leave massive scope for improvement if perceptions and other external obstacles such as access to inputs and markets can be overcome.
Tricellular junctions: how to build junctions at the TRICkiest points of epithelial cells
Authors: Higashi Tomohito , Miller Ann L.
Published: July 2017

Tricellular contacts are the places where three cells meet. In vertebrate epithelial cells, specialized structures called tricellular tight junctions (tTJs) and tricellular adherens junctions (tAJs) have been identified. tTJs are important for the maintenance of barrier function, and disruption of tTJ proteins contributes to familial deafness. tAJs have recently been attracting the attention of mechanobiologists because these sites are hot spots of epithelial tension. Although the molecular components, regulation, and function of tTJs and tAJs, as well as of invertebrate tricellular junctions, are beginning to be characterized, many questions remain. Here we broadly cover what is known about tricellular junctions, propose a new model for tension transmission at tAJs, and discuss key open questions.
Transcriptome analysis of the response of Burmese python to digestion
Authors: Duan Jinjie , Sanggaard Kristian Wejse , Schauser Leif , Lauridsen Sanne Enok , Enghild Jan J. , Schierup Mikkel Heide , Wang Tobias
Published: July 2017

Exceptional and extreme feeding behaviour makes the Burmese python (Python bivittatus) an interesting model to study physiological remodelling and metabolic adaptation in response to refeeding after prolonged starvation. In this study, we used transcriptome sequencing of 5 visceral organs during fasting as well as 24 hours and 48 hours after ingestion of a large meal to unravel the postprandial changes in Burmese pythons. We first used the pooled data to perform a de novo assembly of the transcriptome and supplemented this with a proteomic survey of enzymes in the plasma and gastric fluid. We constructed a high-quality transcriptome with 34 423 transcripts, of which 19 713 (57%) were annotated. Among highly expressed genes (fragments per kilo base per million sequenced reads > 100 in 1 tissue), we found that the transition from fasting to digestion was associated with differential expression of 43 genes in the heart, 206 genes in the liver, 114 genes in the stomach, 89 genes in the pancreas, and 158 genes in the intestine. We interrogated the function of these genes to test previous hypotheses on the response to feeding. We also used the transcriptome to identify 314 secreted proteins in the gastric fluid of the python. Digestion was associated with an upregulation of genes related to metabolic processes, and translational changes therefore appear to support the postprandial rise in metabolism. We identify stomach-related proteins from a digesting individual and demonstrate that the sensitivity of modern liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry equipment allows the identification of gastric juice proteins that are present during digestion.
Teaching psychosomatic obstetrics and gynaecology
Authors: Bitzer Johannes
Published: July 2017

Gynaecologists and obstetricians are confronted with many tasks that require biopsychosocial competence, as explained in Chapter 2. Care for patients with unexplained physical symptoms, and patients with chronic incurable diseases, in various phases of their lives, require patient education, health promotion, counselling, and management of psychosocial problems. To obtain this competency, a curriculum is needed, which, besides gynaecology and obstetrics, includes elements of psychology, psycho-social medicine, and psychiatry, adapted to the specific needs of gynaecologists and obstetricians in their everyday work. A basic part of Chapter 2 shows the curriculum consists of teaching the knowledge, and skills derived from communication theory and practice including physician, and patient-centred communication with active listening, responding to emotions and information exchange as well as breaking bad news, risk-counselling, and shared decision-making. Building on these skills, trainees are introduced into the biopsychosocial process of diagnosis, establishing a 9-field comprehensive work-up using the ABCDEFG guideline (Affect, Behaviour, Conflict, Distress, Early life Experiences, False beliefs, Generalised frustration). The therapeutic interventions are based on a working alliance between the physician and the patient, and are taught as basic elements, which have to be combined according to the individual patient and the presenting situation. The overall technique for gynaecologists and obstetricians can be summarised as supportive counselling/psychotherapy. This includes elements such as catharsis, clarifying conflicts and conflict resolution, cognitive reframing, insight and understanding, stress reduction techniques, and helping in behavioural change (CCRISH).
Folic Acid Impairs the Uptake of 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate in Human Umbilical Vascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Smith Desiree , Hornstra Jacqueline , Rocha Monica , Jansen Gerrit , Assaraf Yehuda , Lasry Inbal , Blom Henk , Smulders Yvo M.
Published: July 2017

Background:

Adequate folate status supports endothelial structure and function. Folic acid (FA), an oxidized synthetic folate, which is present in the plasma of patients consuming fortified food or FA supplements, may impair cellular uptake of physiological, reduced folates. We studied the effect of FA on uptake of the dominant circulatory folate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5MTHF) in endothelial cells.

Methods and Results:

For short-term effects of FA, primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were maintained in growth medium containing 200 nM 5MTHF and preincubated with 20 nM FA 10 minutes before the 5MTHF uptake assessment. For long-term effects, HUVECs were cultured for 3 passages in growth medium containing either 200 nM 5MTHF, or a combination of 100 nM 5MTHF and 100 nM FA. 5MTHF uptake was assessed after exposing cells to 200 nM [13C5]-5MTHF, after which intracellular [13C5]-5MTHF was quantified using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Acute FA exposure caused a 57% reduction in 5MTHF uptake compared with control conditions (51 ± 12 vs. 22 ± 7 fmol·min−1·mg−1 protein; P = 0.01). Long-term exposure to FA reduced 5MTHF uptake by 41% (51 ± 12 vs. 30 ± 11 fmol·min−1·mg−1 protein; P = 0.05) and reduced total cellular 5MTHF levels by 47 ± 21% in HUVEC (P = 0.02).

Conclusion:

Unmetabolized FA, which appears in the plasma after consumption of fortified food or FA supplements, may impair uptake of 5MTHF, the dominant bioactive form of folate, in HUVEC.
Evaluation of Clinical Outcomes With Various Meropenem Dosing Regimens in Septic Patients
Authors: Devanathan Aaron , Corkish Morgan , Rohde Kalynn A. , Campbell-Bright Stacy
Published: July 2017

Background

Studies have demonstrated equal efficacy between meropenem 500 mg intravenously every 6 hours and 1000 mg intravenously every 8 hours. Few critically ill patients were included in these studies, and theoretical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic concerns exist with the more conservative dosing regimen. We sought to compare the efficacy of these 2 dosing regimens in septic patients at our institution.

Methods

A retrospective, single-center, cohort study was performed comparing 2 meropenem dosing regimens in septic patients admitted to 5 intensive care units at the University of North Carolina Medical Center. The primary outcome was rate of clinical success at 7, 10, and 14 days. Secondary outcomes included time to clinical success, rate of microbiologic failure, in-hospital mortality, meropenem-related mortality, and intensive care units and hospital length of stay.

Results

One hundred seventeen patients meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria were analyzed. Clinical success at 7 (69% vs 81.8%; P = 0.163), 10 (76.2% vs 84.8%; P = 0.403), and 14 days (84.5% vs 87.9%; P = 0.591) did not differ significantly between the meropenem 500 mg and 1000 mg groups, respectively. There were higher rates of in-hospital (29.6% vs 14.2%, P = 0.290) and meropenem-related mortality (10.7% vs 6.1%; P = 0.792) and microbiological failure (4.2% vs 0%; P = 0.269) in patients in the 500 mg group.

Conclusions

There was not a statistically significant difference in rates of clinical success at 7, 10, and 14 days in septic patients in the meropenem 500 mg group compared with the 1000 mg group. Caution should be used when extrapolating the more conservative dosing strategy to critically ill patients. A larger, matched retrospective analysis or prospective study would be beneficial in determining if these dosing regimens can be used interchangeably in this population.
Distinct behavioral responses evoked by selective optogenetic stimulation of the major TRPV1+ and MrgD+ subsets of C-fibers
Authors: Beaudry Hélène , Daou Ihab , Ase Ariel R. , Ribeiro-da-Silva Alfredo , Séguéla Philippe
Published: July 2017

Primary C-fiber nociceptors are broadly divided into peptidergic and nonpeptidergic afferents. TRPV1 is a thermosensitive cation channel mainly localized in peptidergic nociceptors, whereas MrgD is a sensory G protein–coupled receptor expressed in most nonpeptidergic nociceptive afferents. TRPV1+ and MrgD+ fibers have been reported to be primarily involved in thermal and mechanical nociception, respectively. Yet, their functional assessment in somatosensory transmission relied on ablation strategies that do not account for compensatory mechanisms. To achieve selective activation of these 2 major subsets of C-fibers in vivo in adult mice, we used optogenetics to specifically deliver the excitatory opsin channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) to TRPV1+ or MrgD+ primary sensory neurons, as confirmed by histology and electrophysiology. This approach allowed, for the first time, the characterization of behavioral responses triggered by direct noninvasive activation of peptidergic TRPV1+ or nonpeptidergic MrgD+ fibers in freely moving mice. Transdermal blue light stimulation of the hind paws of transgenic mice expressing ChR2 in TRPV1+ neurons generated nocifensive behaviors consisting mainly of paw withdrawal and paw licking, whereas paw lifting occurrence was limited. Conversely, optical activation of cutaneous MrgD+ afferents produced mostly withdrawal and lifting. Of interest, in a conditioned place avoidance assay, blue light induced aversion in TRPV1-ChR2 mice, but not in MrgD-ChR2 mice. In short, we present novel somatosensory transgenic models in which control of specific subsets of peripheral unmyelinated nociceptors with distinct functions can be achieved with high spatiotemporal precision. These new tools will be instrumental in further clarifying the contribution of genetically identified C-fiber subtypes to chronic pain.
Splenic Involvement in Disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings
Authors: Clark Haley , Khatri Gaurav , Kapur Payal , Pedrosa Ivan
Published: July 2017

We report the imaging findings of a patient with disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex presenting with multiple splenic lesions incompletely characterized on computed tomography in whom magnetic resonance imaging helped narrow the differential diagnosis. We discuss the magnetic resonance imaging findings suggesting the diagnosis, including the presence of focal susceptibility artifact within the lesions (ie, signal drop on T1 in-phase imaging), marked hypointensity on diffusion-weighted imaging, and faint progressive peripheral enhancement after contrast administration. We provide pathologic correlation to explain these imaging characteristics and a review of the literature of imaging characteristics in splenic involvement of M. avium-intracellulare complex infection.
Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes
Authors: Campbell Peter J , Getz Gaddy , Stuart Joshua M , Korbel Jan O , Stein Lincoln D
Published: July 2017

We report the integrative analysis of more than 2,600 whole cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 39 distinct tumour types. By studying whole genomes we have been able to catalogue non-coding cancer driver events, study patterns of structural variation, infer tumour evolution, probe the interactions among variants in the germline genome, the tumour genome and the transcriptome, and derive an understanding of how coding and non-coding variations together contribute to driving individual patient's tumours. This work represents the most comprehensive look at cancer whole genomes to date. NOTE TO READERS: This is an incomplete draft of the marker paper for the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Project, and is intended to provide the background information for a series of in-depth papers that will be posted to BioRixv during the summer of 2017.
Consciousness development for the learning organization
Authors: Heaton Dennis
Published: July 2017

Purpose

This paper presents a philosophical and practical discussion of the role of development of consciousness for realization of a learning organization. Consciousness is the capacity to know, the capacity to learn. As the knower is, so is the knowledge. Development of consciousness can lead to more profound and holistic learning and enable organizations to flourish.

Design/methodology/approach

Models of the potential range of consciousness development from Western and Eastern psychology are discussed. Research regarding the Transcendental Meditation technique and its effects on mental development, brain functioning and managerial performance is reviewed.

Findings

The Transcendental Meditation technique leads to improved performance on multiple measures of intelligence, brain integration and exceptional levels of psychological maturity. Results of this technique in business settings have included growth of leadership behaviors, big-picture awareness, enhanced team problem-solving and high levels of trust.

Practical implications

This paper discusses a research-based approach for enhancing learning capabilities – seeing systems, collaborating across boundaries and creating desired futures – through the development of consciousness.

Originality/value

Learning in organizational studies has generally been explored in terms of concepts from Western behavioral sciences. This paper brings out a philosophical perspective as well as practical technologies, which links Western and Eastern concepts regarding consciousness and learning.
A Hindu perspective to organizational learning
Authors: Shama Rao Ashok , Kamath Burde Jyothsna
Published: July 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to provide an overview of the relevance and applicability of the Hindu tradition to organizational learning.

Design/methodology/approach

Attempting to separate the spiritual from the religious aspects, a primarily theoretical approach is used to delineate the basic concepts in Hinduism and their applicability to various aspects of employee and organizational functioning.

Findings

Concepts such as Yoga, Dharma, Karma, Yajna and Lokasamgraha are discussed.

Originality/value

This paper stems from the recognition of cultural differences and the need to explore alternative paradigms to understand and enhance organizational functioning.
The Housing and Planning Act 2016: Rewarding the Aspiration of Homeownership?
Authors: Bevan Chris , Laurie Emma
Published: July 2017

In May 2016 the Housing and Planning Act 2016 became law, the first purely Conservative government intervention on housing in England since the 1990s. This article examines the Act's key provisions pertaining to social housing and the government's stated aim of increasing rates of homeownership. The Act, through the Starter Homes Scheme, extension of the right to buy to housing association tenants and changes to security of tenure in the social sector, has been heralded as a ‘landmark’ piece of legislation. This article scrutinises these policy measures and assesses their effectiveness and likely impact. It is contended that the Act exposes the government's promotion of homeownership above all other housing tenures. The article further explores the deep moralisation at the heart of the homeownership narrative and the intensification in the residualisation of social housing in England which, it is argued, is the inevitable consequence of the reforms.
Consistency of spatiotemporal sound features supports the use of passive acoustics for long‐term monitoring
Authors: Parmentier E. , Di Iorio L. , Picciulin M. , Malavasi S. , Lagardère J.‐P. , Bertucci F.
Published: July 2017

Many studies stress the usefulness of fish calls as effective indicators of distinct species occurrence. However, most of these studies have been undertaken in a given area and during restricted periods of time. There is a need to show passive acoustic monitoring is a reliable method to study vocal species over space and time. This study aims to use passive acoustic methods to follow the brown meagre Sciaena umbra at relevant temporal and spatial scales. Specimens of S. umbra were recorded in both aquarium and in the field. In situ recordings were made at two regions (Corsica and Sardinia) during four summers (2008–2012–2013–2015). Temporal and frequency parameters of the fish calls were collected by different teams and compared to test the ability to unequivocally identify the fish sound. The comparison between our data and the bibliography highlights the capability to identify S. umbra during a period of 17 years in different Mediterranean regions, clearly supporting the usefulness of acoustic monitoring to discover and protect aggregation sites of this endangered species. The sound producing mechanism in S. umbra consists of high‐speed sonic muscles surrounding dorsally the posterior end of the swim bladder, which can explain the low acoustic variability that helps in the species identification. Similar mechanisms are found in other Sciaenidae, suggesting that a similar conclusion can be drawn for many other adult sciaenids that could be used as sentinel species. This study should be of high interest to policymakers and scientists because it shows passive acoustic can be confidently used in resource management.
Outcome Improvement for Hypothermic Machine Perfusion Versus Cold Storage for Kidneys From Cardiac Death Donors
Authors: Zhong Zibiao , Lan Jia'nan , Ye Shaojun , Liu Zhongzhong , Fan Lin , Zhang Yang , Fu Zhen , Qiao Bingbing , Shiu‐Chung Ko Dicken , Wang Yanfeng , Ye Qifa
Published: July 2017

Organ shortage has led to an increased use of kidneys from cardiac death donors (DCDs), but controversies about the methods of organ preservation still exist. This study aims to compare the effect of machine perfusion (MP) and cold storage (CS) in protecting kidneys harvested from DCDs. 141 kidney pairs from DCDs between July 2010 and July 2015 were included in this randomized controlled study. One kidney from each donor was randomly assigned to MP and the contralateral kidney was assigned to CS. Delayed graft function (DGF) rate, resistance index of renal arteries, early renal function, and survival rates were used to estimate the effect of preservation. The results showed that MP decreased the rate of DGF from 33.3 to 22.0% (P = 0.033). Ultrasound of the kidneys within 48 h after transplantation showed that the resistance index of renal main artery (0.673 ± 0.063 vs. 0.793 ± 0.124, P < 0.001), sub segmental artery (0.66 ± 0.062 vs. 0.764 ± 0.077, P < 0.001) and interlobular artery (0.648 ± 0.056 vs. 0.745 ± 0.111, P = 0.023) were all significantly lower in the MP group than those in the CS group. Furthermore, compared to the CS group, in the first 7 days following transplantation, the median urine volume was significantly higher (4080 mL vs. 3000 mL, P = 0.047) in kidneys sustained using MP and the median serum creatinine was remarkably lower (180 µmol/L vs. 390 µmol/L, P = 0.024). More importantly, MP group had higher 1‐ and 3‐year graft survival rates (98% vs. 93%, P = 0.026; 93% vs. 82%, P = 0.036, respectively). Hypothermic MP improved the outcomes of DCD kidney transplantation.
Investigating the impact of teacher education strategies on preservice teachers' TPACK
Authors: Baran Evrim , Canbazoglu Bilici Sedef , Albayrak Sari Aylin , Tondeur Jo
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine preservice teachers' perceptions of the support their teacher education programs provide for developing their technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK). The research was conducted with 215 preservice teachers in the last year of teacher education programs and teaching certificate programs in three universities in Turkey. Data sources were the synthesis of qualitative evidence (SQD) scale that was validated in the Turkish context as part of this study and the TPACK‐practical scale. The strategies investigated in the SQD‐model included: using teacher educators as role models; reflecting on the role of technology in education; learning how to use technology by design; collaboration with peers; scaffolding authentic technology experiences; and providing continuous feedback. The linear regression analysis revealed a positive relation between teacher education strategies and preservice teachers' TPACK. Reflection and teacher educators' as role models were the most frequently used teacher education strategies in teacher education programs included in this study. Results provided recommendations for further research on the connection between the teacher education strategies and the development of preservice teachers' TPACK in teacher education programs.
Changing Wild Meat Consumption: An Experiment in the Central Amazon, Brazil
Authors: Chaves Willandia A. , Valle Denis R. , Monroe Martha C. , Wilkie David S. , Sieving Kathryn E. , Sadowsky Brooke
Published: July 2017

Millions of people across the tropics rely on wildlife for food and income. However, overhunting to satisfy this demand is causing the decline of many species; an issue known as the wild meat crisis. We applied a before‐after control‐intervention design to assess the effects of social marketing (an information campaign and community engagement) with and without an economic incentive (discount coupons for chicken) on wild meat consumption. Coupons increased chicken consumption, as expected, but did not reduce wild meat consumption. In contrast, social marketing without the price incentive reduced wild meat consumption by ∼62%. This study demonstrates how social marketing and price incentives may be effective at reducing demand for meat and other wildlife products.