bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The main trends in the development of Russian historiography of archeology
Authors: Sukhareva Irina , Gadzhimuradov Murad , Khusnutdinova Lyailya
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this work is to identify the main areas of research on the history of archaeology in Russia. We have identified such historiographical blocks as the personalities of archaeologists, the history of archaeological institutions, the study of individual periods and the history of archaeological science as a whole. A steady trend in recent years is the appeal of historiographers to archival materials, the expansion of the range of sources, which ultimately requires the formation of a new type of scientist as an archaeologist-historiographer.
La integración fronteriza de los países andinos
Authors: Escobar Diego
Published: January 2024

This article analyzes borderline integration among the countries that are part of the Andean Community (CAN). We will consider the regulatory framework of the CAN and the evolution of the concept of borderline development. Several initiatives that pursue an improvement in the quality of life of the population have been promoted inside the ZIF (zones of borderline integration) of the Andean Community. This document refers to the binational projects that have been executed inside the frame of the GANIDF (high level group for the integration and development of the borderlines). We end mapping the difficulties found within these projects and a proposal to improve their implementation.
Juan Larrea Holguín y la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador
Authors: Salvador Crespo Inigo
Published: January 2024

This article presents a feature of Mons. Larrea from his first day of class at the Catholic University of Ecuador, as it was called at such time, until his retirement from proffessorship at the same institution, referred to as PUCE by then. It continues with Larrea’s University proffessorship at Universidad Central del Ecuador and, later on, at Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil. The article emphasizes on his conception of Law within a juridical and Christian orthodox orientation in what concerns university education.
Los años romanos de Juan Larrea (1948-1952)
Authors: González Gullón José Luis
Published: January 2024

Abstract: From 21 to 25 years of age, Juan Larrea resided in Rome. Such stage of his life was characterized by the completion of his studies –obtaining two PhDs, one on Civil Law and another on Canon Law–, and by his encounter with Opus Dei’s founder, event that decisively marked his life. This article accounts the most outstanding events of that period, in accordance with the documentation preserved.
Hacia un enfoque de integración intercultural humanista como solución a la integración de Refugiados de Medio Oriente en Ecuador
Authors: CASTILLA CESAR
Published: January 2024

La situación de inestabilidad que vive Medio Oriente a causa del terrorismo o conflictos por intereses geopolíticos ha generado una crisis migratoria sin precedentes desde el 2014. Países como Ecuador que se han caracterizado por respetar irrestrictamente los convenios en materia de refugio de aquellas personas que necesitan protección internacional, se ha convertido en un país atractivo para personas que desean empezar una nueva vida dado la flexibilidad de su política migratoria. Sin embargo, cuando se trata de personas de Medio Oriente, el proceso de integración no resulta muy fácil, en especial si se trata de una sociedad occidental con valores distintos. Por lo tanto, es necesario crear una propuesta que permita su integración en el seno de la sociedad ecuatoriana valiéndose de una formación con enfoque humanista. Para tales fines, se ha procedido a analizar el Programa de Integración para Refugiados y Migrantes de la Universidad de Los Hemisferios.
¿Música nacional, música nacionalista o música ecuatoriana?
Authors: Vasco Marcia
Published: January 2024

El presente artículo, hace un acercamiento hacia definiciones generales de “música”, su naturaleza desde el punto de vista evolutivo y como rasgo característico de la especie humana. Desde el punto de vista de la cultura, la analiza como un lenguaje y una expresión identitaria. Finalmente, con las entrevistas a destacados musicólogos e investigadores se pretende dar luces sobre las definiciones de música nacional, música nacionalista y música ecuatoriana.
Repensar la belleza desde la antropología de Leonardo Polo
Authors: Castilla de Cortázar Blanca
Published: January 2024

Este trabajo se propone profundizar en la ontología de la belleza, como vía de acceso al conocimiento de la verdad y como fundamento de la moral[1]. Partiendo de la petición que Juan Pablo II hizo a los filósofos de repensar los transcendentales, se parte de que tanto la verdad como el bien, por su relación con la inteligencia y la voluntad son unos transcendentales relativos. Desde aquí la cuestión se centra en la antropología transcendental de Leonardo Polo para indagar el respaldo transcendental de la verdad y el bien. En segundo lugar, se aborda la belleza en cuento armonía, que aúna no solo las capacidades humanas −inteligencia, libertad y corazón−, sino también a los seres humanos por el amor. Se advierte una gran sintonía antropológica entre belleza, unidad y amor, pues si bien la belleza contribuye a despertar el amor de complacencia, es éste el que descubre la belleza del amado, viniendo a ser la unidad −amante, amado y amor− la plenitud de la belleza.

[1] Una versión se presentó en la Semana Mariológica de 2018 en Covadonga, con el título: María y la belleza. La vía pulchritudinis, camino hacia la verdad y el amor, de próxima aparición en «Estudios Marianos» 85 (2019).
Economics and the Social Thought of the Catholic Church
Authors: Stornaiolo Alfredo
Published: January 2024

The economic theory we know today has been in development since the XVIII century. Physiocrats, Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and Thomas Malthus developed a theory that assumes that economy is governed by natural laws themselves, free competition, individual interest, and a laissez-faire guided the State to protect private property. In the second half of the XIX century, Marx demonstrated the weaknesses of the classical model; however, a few years after Alfred Marshall systematized economic theories and developed the concept of marginal utility, Léon Walras rebuilt the basis of the classical model, according to marginal analysis, and renamed this theory as neoclassical. During the Great Depression of the 30s, John Maynard Keynes appeared to solve the problems derived by the crisis and he practically built what is now known as macroeconomics. Now the World is back to traditional economics driven by neo-liberalism. Meanwhile and facing the uncontainable advance of capitalism, the social doctrine of the Church has also been in development from the late eighteenth century. Pope Leo XIII wrote the social encyclical Rerum Novarum, and his successors Pius XI, Pius XII, John XXIII, Paul VI, and John Paul II completed the social doctrine, whose principles (dignity of person, solidarity, moral, ethics, responsibility, labor rights, etc.) generally are opposed to mainstream economics, which is represented by a selfish agent maximizing his utility function. Unfortunately, there has not been an open dialogue between the doctrine of the Church and mainstream economic theory; they seem to have taken part in social and economic history without ever interacting. It's time to reach agreements for the sake of humanity.
Fray Agustín de Azkúnaga: catorce obras inéditas para piano solo
Authors: Vasco Marcia
Published: January 2024

Como resultado de una exploración en el Archivo Histórico del Ministerio de Cultura y Patrimonio del Ecuador, se hallaron los manuscritos de catorce obras no religiosas para piano sólo, en géneros musicales ecuatorianos de Fray Agustín de Azkúnaga, compositor del Himno a Quito. Se realizó la transcripción de estas piezas, con la asistencia de un programa de escritura y edición musical digital para posteriormente ser analizadas. La presente investigación realiza un recorrido de la Orden Franciscana a la cual perteneció Azkúnaga, desde Europa hasta su llegada a América para indagar sobre una posible intención evangelizadora en estas y otras obras. Del mismo modo se presentan y describen los órganos de la Basílica del Convento de San Francisco de Quito, instrumentos en los que se desempeñó como organista Fray Agustín de Azkúnaga.
Counterfactual simulation in causal cognition
Authors: Gerstenberg Tobias
Published: January 2024

How do people make causal judgments and assign responsibility? In this paper, I show that counterfactual simulations are key. To simulate counterfactuals, we need three ingredients: a generative mental model of the world, the ability to perform counterfactual interventions on that model, and the capacity to simulate the consequences of these interventions. The counterfactual simulation model (CSM) uses these ingredients to capture people's intuitive understanding of the physical and social world. In the physical domain, the CSM predicts people's causal judgments about dynamic collision events, complex situations that involve multiple causes, omissions as causes, and causes that sustain physical stability. In the social domain, the CSM predicts responsibility judgments in helping and hindering scenarios.
Data and Code Availability in Political Science Publications from 1995 to 2022
Authors: Rainey Carlisle , Roe Harley , Wang Qing , Zhou Hao
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we assess the availability of reproduction archives in political science. By “reproduction archive,” we mean the data and code supporting quantitative research articles that allows others to reproduce the computations described in the published paper. We collect a random sample of quantitative research articles published in political science from 1995 to 2022. We find that—even in 2022—most quantitative research articles do not point a reproduction archive. However, practices are improving. In 2014, when the DA-RT symposium was published in PS, about 12% of quantitative research articles point to the data and code. Eight years later, in 2022, that has increased to 31%. This underscores a massive shift in norms, requirements, and infrastructure. Still, only a minority of articles share the supporting data and code. In 2014, Lupia and Alter wrote: “Today, information on the data production and analytic decisions that underlie many published works in political science is unavailable.” They could write the same today; much work remains to be done.
Unveiling the Key Influencers in Smartphone Purchase Decisions
Authors: Rana Nabin Kumar
Published: January 2024

In this study, the objective was to delve deep into the determinants that sway consumer’s smartphone purchasing choices in Butwal, Sub-Metropolitan City. Analyzing the role of societal influences, intrinsic product characteristics, and the perceived brand reputation, the study delineates the fundamental considerations guiding consumers in the selection of smartphones. In the rapidly expanding smartphone market of Butwal, Sub-Metropolitan City, understanding the consumer’s criteria for smartphone selection and the most prominent influencer in their decisions is of utmost importance. The research relied heavily on primary data, garnered from 385 smartphone users within Butwal, Sub-Metropolitan City, through a meticulously crafted questionnaire, leveraging a convenience sampling strategy. To pinpoint the critical factors affecting customer’s smartphone buying tendencies, a combination of descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were employed, thus facilitating a robust process of inference. In this investigative journey, the nuances of product features, societal influences, and brand perception stood as independent variables, critically analyzed for their bearing on smartphone purchasing decisions. Correlation studies manifested a strong linkage between the dependent variable - the consumer’s buying decision, and all the outlined independent variables. Furthermore, the regression analysis highlighted the profound influence of brand perception, product attributes, and societal factors on the consumer buying trajectory. This study not only paves the way for insightful managerial and academic discourse but also stands as a beacon for scholars seeking theoretical directions in this domain. Moreover, the findings encapsulated in this study could forge a path for the creation of adept marketing stratagems in the realm of smartphones.
Factors Influencing Customer Satisfaction in Butwal Sub-Metropolitan City Gyms
Authors: Gurung Ganesh
Published: January 2024

This research examined the variables that influence individuals’ satisfaction levels at fitness facilities, encompassing factors such as cost, proximity, advertising efficacy, and equipment quality. The objective was to assist gym owners in improving their services and ensuring the satisfaction of their clientele. The study revealed that while the presence of high-quality gym equipment is deemed crucial, its impact on customer satisfaction was found to be negligible. Conversely, factors such as location, advertising, and affordability were identified as significant determinants of customer satisfaction. The proposition posits that in order to enhance customer satisfaction, proprietors of fitness establishments should prioritize the facilitation of convenient access, the establishment of reasonable pricing, and the implementation of effective promotional strategies. In a highly competitive market, identifying and effectively resolving these concerns can lead to increased customer satisfaction and overall business prosperity for the health center.
Assessment of Sound Pollution in Butwal Sub-Metropolitan City, Rupandehi, Nepal
Authors: Sapkota Babin Sharma
Published: January 2024

Sound pollution in recent times has been considered as one of the significant problems that impact the quality of life worldwide. This paper analyzes the sound level in different locations in Butwal sub-metropolitan city. The traffic sound level in Butwal was observed at 16 major chowks of Butwal city three times in a day i.e morning, day and evening time, in all the monitoring stations. The sound level was measured in the morning at 7 to 9 am, in the afternoon at 1 to 3 pm and in the evening at 5 to 7 pm. The instrument was operated for 5 minutes at each monitoring station.

From the observation, the highest level of sound was observed in Bus Park & Puspalal Park and Basecamp i.e. 83 dB, the second highest was observed in Golpark Bhudkichowk i.e. 82 dB, and the third highest was recorded from finance chock old Buspark Palpa Buspark i.e. 85 dB. Similarly the lower level of noise among the monitoring stations was recorded at Hatbazar area i.e. 76 dB, the sound level of Yogakoti, Chauraha, Hatbazar was observed less than 80 dB and it was observed more than 80 dB at Finamne chowk, Buspark, Puspalal park, Palpa Buspark, Golpark, Kalika chowk, Basecamp, Milonchowk, Bhudkichowk, Old Buspark, Traffic Chowk, Laxminagar chowk and Durga mandir chowk. From the observation it was found that the noise level of most of the places in Butwal sub-metropolitan city was high especially in daytime.
The Impact of Demographic Factors on Tax Compliance: Evidence from Hetauda
Authors: Dhakal Bhojraj , Paudel Krishna Prasad , Pathak Pabitra , Neupane Rajan
Published: January 2024

This article explores the impact of demographic factors on tax compliance behavior in Nepal collected from Hetauda Sub- Metropolitan City. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of demographic factors on tax compliance. Focus of this study is to investigate what actually happens in the economy with the low tax compliance ratio in Nepal, which results in unexpected low tax revenue day by day. To this end, the author used quantitative research approach only. The target population of the study was taxpayers of the Hetauda city categorized in both private and public job and business. The primary data were collected through survey questionnaire from 300 selected samples to meet the target population. Binary logistic regression model and Pearson Correlation Matrix were employed to analyse the data through SPSS and EViews. The result of this study has shown the demographic factors incorporated with attitude variables under four different model. The impact of the demographic factors on tax compliance is mixed in nature. Some demographic factors are inversely related to tax compliance and vice-versa. A low tax compliance problem is related to low tax revenue of a particular country. The beauty of this study is to bridge the knowledge gap of emerging issue of the tax compliance behavior in several ways.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Elderly Abuse in Family Environment
Authors: Timalsina Keshab Prasad , Baral Rameshor , Timalsina Bhim Prasad , Dhungel Basu Prasad , Chaulagain Anju
Published: January 2024

Elder abuse in the family is a widespread and challenging issue in society. The purpose of this study is to look into the prevalence of elderly abuse in the family environment of Hetauda Sub-Metropolitan City, as well as the risk factors that influence it. A survey of 412 elders was conducted using simple random sampling. The data was gathered using a structured face-to-face interview schedule. Descriptive and binary logistic regression analysis was used to analyses the collected data. The descriptive and inferential analysis of the collected data demonstrated that elderly abuse occurred in 35.90% of the study population. Elders with functional disability had the highest odds ratio (binary logistic regression) of being abused (12.13 times), followed by living without a spouse (4.44 times), elders without property ownership (3.84 times), and illiteracy (3.06 times), according to the study. Although the prevalence in this study was lower than in many previous studies, the prevalence of 35.90 percent is still significantly high and should be avoided. The study discovered a significant use of social exchange theory and Foucault's view on power in describing Nepalese social behavior. Having a functional disability, living without a spouse, not owning property, and being illiterate are the major predictors of elderly abuse, according to the study. The study emphasizes the importance of policies and programmes aimed at preventing elder abuse, which undoubtedly necessitates collaboration between the social, health, and justice sectors. In Nepalese society, functional disability, living without a spouse, not owning property, and being illiterate are major predictors of elder abuse. To prevent elder abuse, policies and programmes are required, as well as collaborative action from the social, health, and justice sectors.
Exploring the Underlying Ways of Enhancing Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Sharma Lok Raj , Bhattarai Rajendra , Humagain Abhimanyu , Subedi Shyam Prasad , Thapa Samrakshika , Acharya Hareram
Published: January 2024

Critical thinking skills in the present dynamic and rapidly changing world are crucial skills that enable individuals to engage in rational and independent thinking to make decent and consistent decisions. This article aims at exploring multifarious underlying ways of enhancing critical thinking skills. It provides readers with definitions of critical thinking and critical thinking skills. It pinpoints key components of critical thinking, barriers to critical thinking, and the major strategies for enhancing these skills. Qualitative data related to critical thinking skills were gathered in the forms of lexes and lexical expressions through a scrupulous review of journal articles, website documents and relevant books published between 1984 and 2023. They served as secondary sources of qualitative data that were explored and analyzed through instances that led to broader concepts regarding critical thinking skills. It is concluded that both acquisition and application of these skills were imperative for individuals to adeptly formulate their fair decisions. Teachers, students, researchers and critics will find this article highly valuable as it equips them with the necessary skills to think critically and make well-versed decisions about a given subject matter.
Analysis of technical efficiency and yield gap of potato farmers in Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Surya Prasad , Timsina Krishna Prasad , Ghimire Yuga Nath , Gairhe Samaya , Brown Peter R. , Villano Renato
Published: January 2024

The productivity of potato production in Nepal is low compared to neighbouring countries because of a range of production constraints. Potatoes are an important staple crop and commodity for many communities throughout Nepal, thus imperative to improve their performance for the benefit of smallholder producers and consumers. This study aims to identify the technical efficiency and yield gap of potato farmers. Farm-level data from 300 potato farmers randomly selected from three districts of Nepal is used to estimate a stochastic frontier model. The model allows us to estimate the production elasticity coefficients of inputs, determinants of efficiency and technical efficiency of potato farmers. Results showed that among the production variables, seed rate and labour used were positive towards potato production, whereas seed source, extension contact, variety type, and irrigation used were negatively significant factors that influences the technical inefficiency. The mean technical efficiency value of potato farmers was 68%, and there was clear scope to increase potato production by 32% with the better use of available resources. The potential yield gap can be reduced if the adoption of proper agricultural practices such as the use of improved potato varieties with formal seed sources with recommended seed rates along with irrigation application. Such efforts from policymakers and other concerned stakeholders would help improve domestic production and reduce the dependency on potato imports.
Recruitment, selection, training practices and employee performance in service sector institutions of Nepal
Authors: Pradhan Gopal Man
Published: January 2024

This research is based on the analysis of relationship of recruitment, selection, and training with that of employee performance in service sector institutions of Nepal. The elements recruitment process, selection process, and employee training are considered as independent variables whereas employee performance is taken as dependent variable. This study is based on analysis of information gained through service sector institutions of Nepal consisting of hospitals, telecommunications, and airlines. In this research work, in total 321 questionnaires were distributed and 244 respondents provided their response, which was the basis of study. The statistical tools such as descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis have used to study the data collected through questionnaire. In this study it is found that recruitment, selection, and training have significant position relation with employee performance. But, when examining the beta coefficient, it was explored that compassion to training is higher followed by selection process on employee performance. The conclusion is that if Nepalese service sectors define and implement specific procedures of recruitment, selection, and training process, it can improve the level of employee performance. The improvement of employee performance would be supportive for improvement of overall organizational performance.
On the Role of Import Intermediaries in Canada
Authors: Fung Loretta , Schmitt Nicolas
Published: January 2024

Cet article étudie de manière empirique le rôle des intermédiaires dans le secteur de l’importation au Canada et examine la manière dont les politiques publiques peuvent les affecter. Entre autres résultats notables de l’étude, il se dégage que les intermédiaires jouent un rôle très différent de celui des fabricants et des détaillants en ce qui concerne les produits différenciés et complexes, mais que leur rôle est qualitativement le même dans les pays de l’Accord de libre-échange nord-américain (ALÉNA) et dans les pays hors ALÉNA, et que la part des importations des intermédiaires est toujours stimulée par une masse plus importante de petits fabricants et détaillants nationaux. Ces résultats laissent à penser que les grossistes importateurs jouent un rôle important dans l’économie canadienne, en particulier en ce qui concerne les fabricants nationaux, et que les décideurs politiques devraient être attentifs à l’incidence des politiques sur ce secteur.
Canadian Shadow Banks and Monetary Policy Effectiveness
Authors: Kronick Jeremy M. , Wu Yan Wendy
Published: January 2024

Les banques parallèles, telles que les fonds d’investissement, les fonds spéculatifs et les sociétés de financement hypothécaire, ont connu une croissance rapide ces dernières années. Le présent article examine le lien entre la politique monétaire et la croissance des banques parallèles et, par extension, la stabilité financière au Canada. S’appuyant sur les données mensuelles des marchés financiers de 1991 à 2015, l’article révèle tout d’abord qu’une mesure de contraction monétaire n’entraîne pas la réduction attendue des prêts aux entreprises et des prêts hypothécaires des banques parallèles, comme c’est le cas pour les crédits des banques à charte. Cette constatation laisse à penser que tandis que les banques parallèles ont gagné en importance, l’efficacité de la politique monétaire en matière de réduction de l’inflation a été compromise. Cet article fournit des éléments de preuves à l’appui de cette hypothèse en adoptant une approche vectorielle autorégressive bayésienne à deux étapes et à coefficients variant dans le temps.
Population Dynamics of Shortfin Scad (Decapterus macrosoma) Bleeker 1851 in Babuyan Channel, Philippines
Authors: Villarao Melanie , Gumiran Erickson , Encarnacion Angel
Published: January 2024

The study was conducted to determine the status of Decapterus macrosoma stocks in the Babuyan Channel. Data were collected from January 2016 to December 2017 following the standard methodology of the National Stock Assessment Program (NSAP). The data were analyzed using the Fisheries Stock Assessment Tool II software and R package. Results showed that the species is available throughout the year and is most productive during summer. Decreased catch landings were affected by environmental, biological, social, economic, and regulatory factors. Beach seine has the largest contribution of catch but has the most number of immature catches. The highest catch per unit effort for all the gears occurs from February to June. Fishing mortality for beach seine (F = 2.98) is higher than the natural mortality (M = 1.76) values, indicating that the species is already experiencing high fishing pressure. D. macrosoma exhibited a bimodal mode or recruitment with unequal strengths. Similarly, the observed exploitation ratio (E = 0.63) is beyond the sustainable exploitation level. In order to sustainably manage the species population, introducing environment-friendly gear, banning beach seine, and establishing Marine Protected Areas should be implemented to support species productivity. These are some of the effective management measures being implemented in different parts of the country and found in the study of Cabigas et al. (2012), Valdemarsen and Suuronen (2001), and Hilborn and Ovando (2014).
Determinants, Persistence and Dynamics of Energy Poverty in Morocco: An Empirical Assessment Using Spatial Markov
Authors: Seyagh Intissar , Kerkouch Abderrahim , Bensbahou Aziz
Published: January 2024

The paper focuses on the issue of energy poverty in Morocco, which poses a significant challenge to the country’s economic and social progress. To better understand the dynamics of energy poverty, the authors employ spatial Markov chains to evaluate it at a regional level using a dynamic ap­proach that considers the changing nature of energy distribution and the eco­nomic environment. The study uses multidimensional measures of energy poverty, based on three key parameters: availability, access, and affordabili­ty of energy. The results show that most regions have a non-significant value, indicating that energy poverty between regions is generally similar. However, one region has a high value, and two regions have a low value, which means that energy poverty is higher or lower in these regions compared to others. The study also suggests future research investigating the impact of various variables, such as access to social services and economic growth, on energy poverty in Morocco.
Stakeholder Engagement: Actionable or Symbolic Lever? Reflections on Barriers to Involvement
Authors: Giusepponi Katia
Published: January 2024

Stakeholder involvement represents an evolved strategic ap­proach, widely highlighted as an expression of openness and inclusiveness of organizations. However, stakeholder engagement processes and outcomes often reveal substantial issues and a lack of effectiveness. The work raises questions on how to activate this lever as a multiplier of plural value and aims to formulate possible answers based on the analysis of both the theoretical background and the reflections of specifically involved experts. An interpre­tative model is then formulated to enhance awareness of the barriers to en­gagement and to promote debate on how to overcome them.
The Place and Role of the Employer Brand in Building an Employee’s Career
Authors: Demyen Suzana
Published: January 2024

The notion of career has been intensely debated in the literature, being an interdisciplinary topic. However, the challenges that organizations currently face are becoming much more numerous and different, as new gen­erations of employees have significantly different characteristics from those of employees from previous generations. Organisations, on the other hand, no longer aim to simply recruit employees; they aim to attract talent, and the image built on the market often decisively influences the recruitment process. However, what is the situation in the Romanian market, what role does it play, and how important is building an employer brand? Is it a decisive factor in the evolution of employees’ careers? This paper tries to answer these questions, placing them in a double context – through a theoretical approach, present­ing the opinions already formulated by researchers in the field, respectively, through an applied approach, studying through our research what the atti­tude of employees is towards this subject.
Analyzing the Effectiveness of Internship Programs from Students’ Perspectives: A Non-parametric Approach
Authors: Serreqi Martin , Kosta Brunilda , Shahini Ledjon
Published: January 2024

This article assesses the difference between economics students’ expectations and actual internship experiences. Non-parametric statistical analysis was used to examine the variations. This research was divided into two phases. During the first stage, students’ expectations for internships were evaluated. The faculty selected a group of students to participate in an ex­periment, which was an internship program that was thoroughly thought out. Both students and host organizations received support from the facul­ty throughout the entire process. Pre- and post-internship results showed sub­stantial differences. This article concludes with a discussion of research limita­tions and conclusions.
Evolving Efficiency of Exchange Rate Movements: A Test for Major International Currencies
Authors: Chambino Mariana , Horta Nicole , Dias Rui
Published: January 2024

In this study, we analyse efficiency, in its weak form, in the ex­change rates AUD/USD (Australian dollar/US dollar), BRL/USD (Brazilian real/US dollar), CHF/USD (Swiss franc/US dollar), EUR/USD (Euro/US dollar), GBP/USD (British pound/US dollar), JYP/USD (Japanese yen/US dollar), RUB/ USD (Russian rouble/US dollar) and SGD/USD (Singapore dollar/US dollar), for the period from January 1st, 2018 to December 31st, 2022. According to the findings, foreign exchange markets in the Tranquil subperiod have mixed results, i.e. The AUD/USD, SGD/USD, and EUR/USD exchange rates are an­ti-persistent, but the JYP/USD, BRL/USD, RUB/USD, and CHF/USD markets are persistent, and the GBP/USD market is in equilibrium. In the period in­cluding the 2020 and 2022 events, we identify long memories in the AUD/ USD, BRL/USD, SGD/USD, RUB/USD exchange rates, anti-persistence in the GBP/USD, JPY/USD, and EUR/USD markets, and signs of equilibrium in the CHF/USD exchange rate. Overall, our findings suggest that market efficiency is hybrid, i.e., the exchange markets studied are rarely in equilibrium during periods of calm or stress. The evidence of oscillation between efficiency and inefficiency may lead currency traders to take full advantage of arbitrage possibilities that appear when market circumstances change.
Exploring the Drivers and Constraints in Intra-EU Trade
Authors: Makrevska Disoska Elena , Kikerkova Irena , Toshevska – Trpchevska Katerina , Tonovska Jasna
Published: January 2024

The objective of this paper is to explore the factors that stimulate trade among EU countries and pinpoint areas that require improvement to foster a further increase in trade intensity within the region. The focus is on the effect of aggregate trade restrictions, which are based on the nov­el indicator Measure of Aggregate Trade Restrictions (MATR), developed by the IMF. The empirical analysis consists of the estimation of a gravity panel model for the 28 EU member countries (including Great Britain) for the peri­od from 1999-2020, by implementing both Ordinary least squares (OLS) and Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) estimators. The results show that the Eurozone membership has positive effects on increasing intra-EU trade, whereas the MATR indicator has significant negative effects, suggest­ing that the elimination of the remaining trade restrictions could lead to a further boost of intra-EU trade.
Anchee Min's Becoming Madame Mao and the Self-Constructed Heroine
Authors: Kui Ling Emily Lau
Published: January 2024

Anchee Minâ€™s Becoming Madame Mao (2000), is a remarkable piece of historical fiction.Â  Minâ€™s choice of inter-textuality between history and fiction is apt as this quasi-poetic form allows for the possibility of delving into the psychological depths of the protagonist which fills the gaps in the existing historiansâ€™ biographies of Madame Mao.Â  The marrying of history and fiction provides Min the subjectivity to penetrate deep into the protagonistâ€™s thoughts and feelings, thus humanising even an outcast. This paper, through a feminist perspective, shows how Min renders a powerful tale of passion, betrayal and survival through the life story of Madame Mao. Min, through her writing, harnesses the power of language and the power of imagination as an instrumental and effective strategy to tap into the process of Madame Maoâ€™s self-construction: from poverty and obscurity to professional success and fame.
Grammatical Change in the Verb Phrase in Contemporary Philippine English
Authors: Collins Peter
Published: January 2024

This paper presents the findings of a diachronic corpus-based study of selected categories of the verb phrase â€“ the progressive aspect, the passive voice, the present perfect aspect, the modals and quasi-modals â€“ in contemporary Philippine English and its colonial parent variety, American English. Frequencies were determined for the verb phrase categories in the Philippine and American components of the early 2010s Corpus of Global Web-based English. These are compared with the findings of earlier studies by Collins and associates of Philippine English, and by Leech and associates of American English, in the 1960s and 1990s. The trajectories of the grammatical variables over the half-century from the early 1960s to the early 2010s are traced, and the implications of the findings for the contentious issue of the evolutionary status of PhilE are explored.
Un/productive Raciality and Transnational Affiliations in Lydia Kwaâ€™s Pulse
Authors: Oâ€™Brien Michelle
Published: January 2024

This paper explores the intersections that develop as Canada and Singapore redefine the terms of their productive raciality through their respective multicultural/multiracial forms in order to remain globally competitive. It draws out these intersections as they appear in Lydia Kwaâ€™s Pulse (2010) through its engagement with the limits of â€œproductiveâ€ raciality and the desires of the sexual racial body. Set both in Singapore and Canada, Pulse explores the everyday experiences of the particular figurations that are bracketed out through the rhetoric of productive raciality in both nations â€“ including the Asianfication of Canadaâ€™s identity and Singaporeâ€™s use of â€œAsianismâ€ as part of their global multicultural identities. As Pulse considers the effects of these statesâ€™ failure to facilitate frameworks that would make ostensibly â€œunproductiveâ€ transnational figurations legible to others, it also draws out new affiliations between these bodies subjected to these effects across these distinct contexts.
Held to Ransom? The South Asian Diaspora and Postcolonial Discourse
Authors: Jain Jasbir
Published: January 2024

The present paper explores the critical approaches to postcoloniality and subalternity in the theoretical writings of the South Asian diaspora as it seeks to define the nature of postcolonial theory â€“ is it a methodology, an approach, or a theory? Its close association with diasporic studies with its emphasis on exile, homeland and identity and its constant addressivity to the West identifies it with diasporic approaches. If so, where does its use lie for home cultures? Working with Arun Prabha Mukherjeeâ€™s two books, Bhabhaâ€™s essays on the â€œPostcolonial and the Postmodernâ€ and â€œUnsatisfied: Notes on Vernacular Cosmopolitanism,â€ Gayatri Spivakâ€™s translations of Mahasweta Deviâ€™s stories alongside her Prefaces, Introductions and translatorâ€™s notes and her long essay â€œA Literary Representation of the Subaltern,â€ the discussion foregrounds the gap between political freedom and cultural independence.Even though there has been a visible shift in translation theories and in the use and intermittent inclusion of native languages, it has still not succeeded in reclaiming cultural territories of intellectual thought. The world of the diasporic critic, no matter where located, is still locked up in a one-sided approach (refer to Vijay Mishra and Satendra Nandan). There is an urgent need to return to a closer examination of the critical views of native writers in order to relocate our objectives and define our spheres and to complete the incomplete process of liberation and reclaim lost territories. This argument requires a better understanding of colonial histories and pushes us towards an in-depth exploration of power relations. The discursiveness which appears to inhabit this discourse must be sharpened towards making a coherent pattern.
Religion, Diaspora and the Politics of a Homing Desire in the Writings of Zia Haider Rahman, Tahmima Anam and Monica Ali
Authors: Hasanat Fayeza
Published: January 2024

This paper examines Zia Haider Rahmanâ€™s interpretation of cognitive burden of home, Tahmima Anamâ€™s understanding of the blinded soul and Monica Aliâ€™s portrayal of the radical frictions in context of diasporic consciousness. In the shifting consciousness of the diaspora, oneâ€™s perceptions â€“ of spatial and metaphysical home, identity, religion, war or memory â€“ are always in the flux and yet dangerously alluring. It works with what Susheila Nasta has referred to as the diasporaâ€™s sense of loss for a lost homeland, and a â€œdesire to reinvent and rewrite home as much as a desire to come to terms with and exile from itâ€ (7). This paper explores the re-presentation of the dangerously seductive power and the politics of home in the novels of the diasporic writers from Bangladesh.
Topography of Loss: Homeland, History and Memory in Sorayya Khanâ€™s Fiction
Authors: Chakrabarty Bandana
Published: January 2024

The paper explores the interplay of memory and history in the three novels of Sorayya Khan â€“ Noor (2003), Five Queenâ€™s Road (2009) and City of Spies (2015). In each of these novels, the writer explores the violence of history. In the first novel it is the liberation war of Bangladesh, in the second, the partition of India and in the third, it is the international control over Pakistan, in this case, the American presence. Not necessarily concerned with chronological histories she centre-stages individual actions and the causes and effects behind them. Based in the States, Khan is born of a mixed marriage but her fiction is concerned with her paternal legacy. The loss of the â€œhomelandâ€ the process of rehabilitation and the values that hold human beings rooted in the past are all dominant concerns in her fiction.. Individual choices are very often overpowered by political realities.
Homed, Unhomed and Rehomed in Partition Stories of East Bengal/East Pakistan
Authors: Mahbub Rifat , Saba Anika
Published: January 2024

Taking three translated short stories with specific focus on â€œhome,â€ namely Syed Waliullahâ€™s â€œThe Tale of a Tulsi Plant,â€ Abu Rushdâ€™s â€œThe Boneâ€ and Ashraf Siddiquiâ€™s â€œA House with a Pondâ€ from Niaz Zamanâ€™s edited book, The Escape and Other Stories of 1947 (2000), this paper will attempt to bring to light both the erasure and the enduring memory of the 1947 Partition of Bengal. We interpret â€œhomeâ€ as a symbol of uprooting and enrooting for people crossing from the West to East Bengal within a volatile world of insecurity, loss and fear. While the stories do not directly engage with the grand and populist discourses of the 1947 riots, they represent an uncanny world-in-transition for Muslims trying to cross into East Bengal/East Pakistan to start a new life. We analyse the storiesâ€™ indissoluble relation between materiality and memory, necessary for the identity of the regionâ€™s collective posterity. In doing so, we employ Ananya Jahanara Kabirâ€™s terms such as â€œpostmemoryâ€ and â€œpost-amnesiaâ€ to argue that the essay is our attempt to reclaim the literary memories of 1947, which shape the intergenerational identities of Bangladeshis.
Kaiser Haq: Emerging Transnational Poet of Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Tahmina
Published: January 2024

This essay attempts to locate Kaiser Haq (1950-), the foremost Bangladeshi poet in the English language, in the wider arena of transnational literature. Transnational literature could be regarded as a movement away from diasporic and postcolonial writing. It is the production by poets and writers from various geographical locations and ethnicities who are united by their choice of creative medium, i.e. English. These poet-writers have lived and moved around in more than one nation and experienced a unique diversity in life which they depict in their writings. Globalisation and connectivity through technological development have led to an expansion of readers and availability of texts. Kaiser Haq says that ultimately any literary work is â€œbound to go on-lineâ€ (Ahmed) and he is ready to accept that. Haqâ€™s famous poem â€œOde on the Lungi,â€ illustrates how a poet can cross boundaries and appeal to a variety of people who share common concerns and viewpoints. In this poem, Haq effortlessly moves from a Bangladeshi man â€œswimming in a lungi/ abbreviated into a G-stringâ€ to a list of similar garments used by men of other nations and given other names. Finally, he uses it to criticise the hypocrisy and undemocratic behaviour of the Europeans and Americans. After discussing the concept of literary transnationalism, this paper will examine Haqâ€™s poems to discover the features of transnationalism present in them.
â€œWe are all exilesâ€: Exile and Place in the Poetry of Ee Tiang Hong, Wong Phui Nam and Shirley Geok-lin Lim
Authors: Cheng Boey Kim
Published: January 2024

Exile is a dominant theme and trope in the poetry of the pioneer generation of Anglophone Malaysian poets Ee Tiang Hong, Wong Phui Nam and Shirley Geok-lin Lim. This essay traces the roots of exile in these three poets, exploring how the sense of displacement from cultural and political Malay hegemony has shaped their exilic poetics. It tracks the trajectory of their career and work to examine how exile governs their readings of place and belonging, of heritage and home. The essay follows Eeâ€™s and Limâ€™s emigrant routes and examines how physical separation from their homeland opens up liminal spaces that their poetry negotiates, and foregrounds issues of ethnicity, nationality and diaspora that their post-migration work engages with. For Wong, a stayer, exile becomes a poetic strategy for dealing with the adversities facing the Anglophone writer in Malaysia. It also enables him to deal with problematic issues of identity and belonging, and view them from the distant perspective of remote classical Chinese poets. For Ee, Wong and Lim, exile as theme and metaphor, and as a poetic strategy, becomes the inescapable lens through which they see Malaysia and their history and identity as Straits-born Chinese or Peranakans, descendants of inter-marriages between Chinese immigrants and Malay inhabitants.
Seven Poems
Authors: Haskell Dennis
Published: January 2024

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K.S. Maniam, KS Maniam: Selected Works
Authors: Leon Carol
Published: January 2024

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INCREASING THE LEVEL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS THROUGH SPORTS GAMES
Authors:   Глухівський національний педагогічний університет імені Олександра Довженко, BUTENKO H.
Published: January 2024

У статті розглядаються проблемні питання, що стосуються вдосконалення процесу фізичного виховання учнів старших класів, а саме розробки нових програм позакласних занять для старшокласників на основі спортивних ігор, що пов’язане із недостатнім обсягом їх рухової активності. Під час розробки нових програм позакласних занять для старшокласників актуальними залишаються питання комплексного підходу із урахуванням мотивації щодо занять різними видами спортивних ігор. Оцінювання результатів упровадження експериментальної програми позакласних занять на основі спортивних ігор у систему фізичного виховання старшокласників проводилося в процесі педагогічного експерименту відповідно до змін показників фізичної підготовленості в порівнянні із відповідними змінами представників контрольної групи. Результати педагогічного експерименту дали можливість констатувати ефективність впливу запропонованої програми на загальний фізичний стан старшокласників: у хлопців експериментальної групи спостерігалися статистично достовірно кращі (р<0,05) величини рівня фізичної працездатності (на 5%), швидкісних, швидкісно-силових, силових здатностей, рівня розвитку спритності, витривалості та гнучкості (на 3-9%), загального рівня фізичної підготовленості (на 7%) й показників спеціальної фізичної підготовленості (на 4-8%). Використання експериментальної програми позакласних занять також сприяло підвищенню фізичної підготовленості дівчат: спостерігаються достовірно більш високі величини рівня їх фізичної працездатності (на 7%), рівня фізичної підготовленості (на 8%), показників фізичної підготовленості (на 2-6%), спеціальної фізичної підготовленості (на 4-6%). Узагальнення отриманих результатів педагогічного експерименту констатує ефективність реалізації запропонованої програми позакласних занять на основі спортивних ігор, результатом якого було суттєве покращення фізичної працездатності старшокласників. Дане положення дає підстави практичного впровадження у систему фізичного виховання старшокласників запропонованої програми. Ключові слова: фізичне виховання, старшокласники, спортивні ігри