bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Hartford Appeal: A Symposium
Authors: Cox Harvey
Published: September 2018

Shed a tear, fellow backsliders! What promised to be a good old raucous theological scopes tnai has already fizzled into a nonevent. The great Hartford heresy hunt has labored mightily and brought forth nothing more than a limp list of thirteen “themes” no sane theologian would want to defend, plus an equal number of refutations, which (except for the closing quotation from St. Paul) sound nearly as flaccid as the themes themselves. The latter-day defenders of the Faith have succeeded where Torquemada failed; they have made even polemics dull. In the halcyon days of old the guardians of orthodoxy at least stuck live villains in the stocks and consigned real books to the Index.
On the Human Locus of the Divine
Authors: Baum Gregory
Published: September 2018

I cannot deny that I was surprised and confused when I first read the Hartford Appeal. It seemed to me that every Christian theologian would reject the theses proscribed in this document. But then, why was the affirmation made? And why was it made at this time? In this year, dedicated by Pope Paul VI to reconciliation, I would have expected Christian theologians in the USA to make an appeal for amnesty. This topic is of special interest to Canadians, since we are acquainted with many draft resistors who have come to live among us. I cannot imagine who the theologians indicated in the Hartford Appeal are. Who holds these views?
Gandhi's Disciple in the West
Authors: Young James , Hope Marjorie
Published: September 2018

In the closing pages of The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1904) Max Weber mused on the shape of things to come: No one knows who wilt live in this cage in the future, or whether at the end of this tremendous development entirely new prophets will arise, or there will be a great rebirth of old ideas and ideals, or if neither, mechanized petrification, embellished with a sort of self-importance. For of the last stage of this cultural development, it might be said: “Specialists without heart; this nullity imagines that it has attained a level of civilization never before achieved.”
The Realists and Their Critics
Authors: Stone Ronald
Published: September 2018

It seems as if we are entering an era similar to the period after die Congress of Vienna. The cold winds of reaction have prevailed. The fires of domestic reform have gone out, extinguished by the excesses of some reformers and by the tactics of the forces of the status quo. The nation that gave birth to the A-bomb has succeeded in shocking the numbed consciences of the world by carrying out on a peasant nation die most destructive aerial bombardment ever unleashed. As Russia, England, Austria and Prussia conspired in Vienna to put out the danger of revolution, so now Russia, China and the United States are cooperating to save South Vietnam, the United States's ally, to halt the rain of bombs on die troublesome, sometime ally of the Chinese and the Soviets, to put out die fire mat threatened for so long to lead to a major power conflagration.
A Balance Sheet on Sixty Years of Soviet Foreign Policy—Part II
Authors: Clemens Walter C.
Published: September 2018

Last month I described eleven “successes” of Soviet foreign policy since the October, 1917. Revolution. Now it is time to turn to Soviet ““failures” and to the underlying factors that have shaped Soviet policy in the past and that should be weighed by Western policymakers in the years ahead. Partially by coincidence and partially with un eye to symmetry, I again come up with the number eleven.

These assessments of success and failure are based on my own research, stimulated and refined by a survey (both written and oral) that tapped the views of other Soviet specialists visiting the Kennan Institute, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. The “balance sheet.“” of course, represents my own judgment. Readers will no doubt make their own distinctions, thus reducing or expanding the list; some may quarrel about whether a certain.event ought to be rated a failure or a “ success given Moscow's apparent objectives; but I think the following represents a fair account in accord with the facts as we know them.
An American in Israel
Authors: Callen Earl
Published: September 2018

During the war in Vietnam our son-in-law refused to report for induction into the U.S. Army. Now he serves in the Israeli Army. In the next war he will carry an antitank gun outside a tank to protect it from enemy fire. Our son-in-law is brave, but not exceptionally so. He is just doing what Israelis do.

For several years our children had lived at Hamra, a settlement in the occupied territories, east of Nablus overlooking Jordan. At Hamra they lived behind a floodlit, patrolled, barbed wire barricade. Each morning a convoy went out to work the fields behind an army minesweeper, to detonate antipersonnel mines planted during the night. We were therefore much relieved when our children moved to Alonei Abba, a settlement in the most peaceful and fertile part of Israel, the Jezreel Valley.
Solzhenitsyn—a Christian Perspective
Authors: Brose Olive J.
Published: September 2018

When the multiple crises of an entire civilization have severely shaken men's confidence in its survival, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn questions the basic goals of that civilization and the direction in which it has been heading for some centuries. To do so is to challenge a much cherished cluster of beliefs about humans and their destiny that together make up, as he wrote inLetter to the Soviet Leaders (1974), "the entire culture and world outlook which were conceived at the time of the Renaissance and attained the peak of their expression with the eighteenth century Enlightenment."

Solzhenitsyn speaks not from the depths of a chair of political science or sociology, but out of the depths of the Gulag Archipelago: "I belong as much to the camps as I do to Russian literature…. There is where I was formed, and for all time," he wrote in a letter to Tvardovsky.
Catholic Bishops and Human Rights in Latin America
Authors: Bono Agostino
Published: September 2018

The church will have to inculcate in the armed forces that, besides their specific and normal functions, they have a mission to guarantee the political liberties of citizens instead of constructing obstacles. -Latin American Catholic Bishops Conference Medellin, Colombia, September, 1968

While Juan Felix. Bogado was attending patients in his shantytown medical office outside Asuncion, Paraguay, last July 19, police broke in and hustled away the thirty-two-year-old doctor, claiming he was a subversive. As most Paraguayan political prisoners, Bogado was subjected to “intensive therapy,” the local euphemism for torture.

“They tried to get him to confess he was a Communist and threatened to torture me before his eyes,” says his wife, who at the time was four months pregnant.
Who Are These South Moluccans?
Authors: Warmenhoven Henri J.
Published: September 2018

Serious disturbances have flared in the Netherlands, a country once known for its tranquility. It is the South Moluccans again. What has happened is not simply a replay of the scenario that hit the front pages all over the world last year. At that time a group of South Moluccan terrorists brought a train to a standstill in a somewhat desolate area and took nearly all of its passengers hostage. For a brief period a school in the vicinity served as a subsidiary scene of terror. The schoolchildren were released within a week, but the train siege set a hijacking record. Negotiations proved fruitless, and after some twenty days the Dutch Government, believing there was no alternative left, had the marines storm the train. The surprise action claimed the lives of six terrorists and two hostages. The surviving hijackers have now been brought to justice, and the trial predictably produced a great deal of commotion in Holland, particularly among the Moluccan communities.
Beyond North and South: The Second Coming of the World Economy
Authors: Novak Jeremiah
Published: September 2018

The world economy and international economic institutions are in trouble. That, at least, is the opinion in informed circles following the Conference on International Economic Cooperation (CIEC) held in Paris last spring. There is a growing realization that CIEC failed to grapple with the systemic problems the world economy faces, a failure that threatens developing and developed countries alike.

Despite Secretary of State Cyrus Vance's dramatic call for a “new international economic system,” the Paris conference failed to address systemic issues. Instead, the developed nations of the North angled for a separation of the issues of energy from those of development; and the developing countries of the South closed ranks by linking the two. Consequently neither side truly debated the crushing problems of the world economy.
Energy. Investment. Hua.
Authors: Macrae Norman
Published: September 2018

I am going to touch on three topics that bear heavily on the fortunes of Pacific countries: the so-called energy crisis, the economic prospects of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) and neighboring countries, and the implications of Chairman Hua's presumed pragmatism. I find myself holding unusual views on all of them.

Until 1973 I thought there might be a shortage of energy in the 1980's because energy was so obviously being temporarily underpriced. Since 1973 I have believed there is more likely to be a glut of energy in the 1980's because energy is being temporarily overpriced.

The possibility that OPEC might be able to maintain its cartel has, admittedly and unhappily, been increased by President Carter's and Congress's energy policies. These policies seem to me (although I know many who disagree) to be a glum example of the way in which politicians’ misunderstandings now override economic logic and history's lessons.
Ngo Dinh Diem's Execution
Authors: Huy Nguyen Ngoc
Published: September 2018

The United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence concluded that the CIA was not responsible for the deaths of President Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam and his brother Ngo Dinh Nhu on November 2, 1963. This conclusion only reaffirms a point that too few Americans understood—Vietnam's destiny lies ultimately with its own people.

Ngo Dinh Diem met his death at the hands of his fellow countrymen in a coup d'etat planned and executed by the Vietnamese Army to achieve political goals important to the Vietnamese people. The story of the coup against Diem has been told in English by Marguerite Higgins, David Halberstam, and Robert Shaplen.
To Be a Theologian
Authors: Tracy David
Published: September 2018

An Appeal for Theological Affirmation has already proved to be an important statement in the contemporary context. Its historical and sociological significance seems assured. But whether the Appeal is theologically all that significant is still an open question. That the individual theological contributions of many of its distinguished signers will merit a secure place in the history of American theology seems sure. But to ask whether this statement itself is theologically accurate is to formulate a question mat, for my part, must be answered negatively.
Barth and Debunking
Authors: Berger Peter L.
Published: September 2018

In commenting on the Hartford Appeal Gregory Baum made some very thoughtful observations on some of my own work. I shall limit myself here to replying to these observations, though, by implication, my reply touches on several points made by other commentators. I would also like to say that I am very grateful to Baum: Few things are as gratifying to an author as having a critic who understands him.

Baum very ably puts his finger on two persisting tensions in my work—the tension between transcendence and humanism on the one hand, and the tension between a radically debunking perspective on society and a distrust of revolutionary ideologies on the other. These tensions, I believe, are not just personal idiosyncractes of mine, but rather are inherent in the phenomena at issue. The same tensions are to be found in the Hartford Appeal.
A Response From a Not-So-Young Sometime Christian Radical
Authors: Hoyt Robert G.
Published: September 2018

There is an awkwardness here. Your "certain young Christian radical" isn't me. My radicalism is a sometime thing. As Christian, I'm often aberrant. And I'm not so young: I was twenty-nine when Israel came to be. Still, I suppose an open letter can be answered by anyone interested. I feel especially eligible because many of the things you say here have been said to me.

On one level it seems that you and I have few grounds to quarrel. I know, for example, that anti-Semitism is real. Besides the classical Christian form and the modern racist version that you describe, I'll suggest a third—the corporate, petroleum-fueled variety.
Kto Kovo? The Present Danger, as Seen From Moscow
Authors: Clemens Walter C.
Published: September 2018

Kto kovo? according to Lenin, is the fundamental question of politics. "Who's going to do in whom?" Lenin and others plotting against the czar came steadily to this zero-sum conception of politics. One side or the other could win—not both. Though Americans tend to expect a harmony of interests among nations, the zero-sum conception also exists in this country; it is, in fact, a prominent factor in the ongoing debate about Soviet strategic objectives and capabilities—for instance, in statements by the Committee on the Present Danger.
You Shall Be As Gods
Authors: Powledge Tabitha M.
Published: September 2018

Already the term "recombinant DNA" comes easily to the lips of legislators and television commentators. A few of them can even manage "deoxyribonucleic acid," which is what DNA stands for.

DNA is the genetic material, the miraculous selfreplicatirig double helix of Watson and Crick, the marrow, soul, and substance of all earthly life. Molecular biologists have been tinkering with it for a couple of decades now, and only recently have they learned to slice it up and then stick it back together in new ways: hence recombinant DNA. Scientists have also discovered ways to transfer it from one living thing to another: to put genes from one kind of animal into a different kind, from bacteria into plants, or to put the newly spliced genes into just about any living cell.
Face to Face With Huber Matos
Authors: Jacqueney Theodore
Published: September 2018

Huber Matos, Cuba's best-known political prisoner, was released on October 21, 1979, after completing "every minute" of a twenty-year prison sentence. Matos had helped make Fidel Castro's revolution, not only as a military commander in the rebel army, but by persuading the then president of Costa Rica, Jose Figueres, to send arms to Castro. When Matos asked to resign from Castro's government because he disapproved of its increasingly Marxist direction, he was charged with "slandering the Revolution," an accusation later changed to "treason."
Perceptions of Morality
Authors: Little David
Published: September 2018

For all the inspiration Henry Kissinger is supposed to have received from the tradition of "power politics" and "political realism," he does not, at least on the surface, employ the notion of morality in a way that is quite in keeping with that tradition. In White House Years, Kissinger displays little of the skepticism and embarrassment about mixing moral judgments and foreign policy decisions that is characteristic of political realists.
A Canal Treaty out of the Dark Ages
Authors: Stiles Martha Bennett
Published: September 2018

Seventy-three years ago the U.S. connived in the secession of the Republic of Panama from Colombia in return for the privilege of building a canal across the Panamanian Isthmus "on a strip of land leased in perpetuity." Within this 533-square-mile zone the U.S. was to exercise, forever, all those rights that it "would possess and exercise if it were the sovereign of the territory..." Today the significance of that "if" is much debated.

Although Ronald Reagan's campaign position—that the Panama Canal Zone is as much a part of the U.S. as is Alaska—has been deplored by the Ford Administration, it maintains strong support in the Senate.
American Civil Religion—and Others
Authors: Bonkovsky Frederick O.
Published: September 2018

A happy result of the Bicentennial can be increased self-knowledge. The danger, however, is that one may focus too exclusively on the United States, thus magnifying out of proportion both our virtues and our faults.

Such distortion is evident in the current discussion of American civil religion. The turmoil of the late sixties and the self-examination of the seventies have encouraged consideration of the civil beliefs and practices widely shared by Americans. Robert Bellah, Will Herberg, Martin Marty, and Sidney Mead are among those who have recently written on the subject. Too often learned commentators have failed to note that American civil religion is an expression of general social patterns. It is therefore useful to take a look at non-American civil religions in several traditional and revolutionary societies.
Tanzania's Noble Experiment Imperiled
Authors: Gruhn Isebill V.
Published: September 2018

The painful realization that much is not right with Tanzania is the cause of growing despair both inside and outside that East African country. Tanzania has been the favorite of Social Democrats, Marxists, the U.N. Food and Agricultural Organization, Scandinavian governments, and of a host of Africa observers.

Other African states, classified along with Tanzania in the so-called Fourth World of the poorest of the poor countries, have not rated the attention lavished on Tanzania. Indeed, who but the specialist knows the precise geographic location, economic and political orientation of, for examples, Upper Volta, Niger, or Chad? Who can name the leaders of these deprived lands? And who, even within the United Nations or bilateral-aid agencies, feels special affinity with their problems?

Tanzania, on the other hand, has captured the energies, optimism, and increasing anxiety of observers around the world.
Settling Up
Authors: Cottle Thomas J.
Published: September 2018

Beatrice Waters lives in the corner flat on the top floor of a council house in the Islington district of London. She spent four years of her life making the arrangements to rent a flat in this particular block of council houses. Four long years of speaking with this or that authority and arguing with her husband over whether they had made the right decision. At fifty, Henry Waters doubted he could survive still another move. He couldn't even remember all the places in which he had lived, as if immigrating from the West Indies to England wasn't significant enough. “Don't you think,” he would ask Beatrice, “there comes a time that people just settle down, no matter how good or bad a deal they've made for themselves? How long do you keep changing homes just to prove you're really getting somewhere in the world?’
The Third World vs.“Superpower”
Authors: Edmund Clubb O.
Published: September 2018

Speaking before the U.N. General Assembly in September, 1973, Chancellor Willy Brandt said: “Where hunger prevails, there can be no peace in the long run. Where bitter poverty prevails, there can be no justice.” He called upon the Assembly members to adopt a position on the moral aspects of international coexistence. And he said something else, that there is a limit to the expansion of power—“a limit where power becomes transformed into impotence.”

His words had direct relevance to the relationship between the United States and the Third World. In the postwar period, in pursuit of its power aims, the United States concerned itself with ex-colonial countries primarily with the view of “saving” them, as political entities, from a dreaded “Communist conquest.”
Jews, Israel, and the Third World
Authors: Rubin Barry
Published: September 2018

The overwhelming vote against Israel by Third World nations in the U.N. has raised some interesting and important questions about die attitude toward Jews in those countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America, whose populations, after all, represent the majority of the human race.

Puzzlement over this issue was expressed by Saul Bellow at the December P.E.N, international writers' conference in Israel. “It is a remarkable thing,” said Bellow, “dial nations which have no knowledge of, or contact with, Jews, no history of anything to do with Jews, should become consistently hostile. Why should the new nations of Africa and Asia turn against us? Can it be put down to the influence of the.'Arabs?”
The Portuguese Revolution
Authors: Nevins Lawrence
Published: September 2018

In the final years of Portugal's old regime much of the non-Communist opposition came to equate the idea of anti-Communism with cold warriorism. The Soviet Union and the people's democracies tended to be seen as generally progressive forces. The chief enemy of the world's oppressed peoples was American imperialism. The United States, the land of napalm and the CIA, was seen to be the paramount exploiter of the suffering Third World—a view not incompatible with the Old Right's vision of the U.S. as die home of moneygrubbing Calvintst gumchewers.
Menachem Begin: The Reality
Authors: Avnery Uri
Published: September 2018

The story goes that when Jimmy Carter heard that a man named Menachem Begin had won the Israeli elections, he asked: “Menachem who?” Menachem Begin did not come out of nowhere. He directed one of the most stormy chapters of twentieth-, century history: the Jewish underground Irgun's war against British rule in Palestine in the 1940's. Afterwards he was for twenty-six years Israel's most prominent opposition leader and, for three years following the 1967 Six-Day War, a minister in the National Unity government. However, when the stunned world heard the news that Menachem Begin was about to become prime minister of Israel—a critical country in a critical region at a critical time—its governments and media had no idea who this man was. The frightened cry, “God Almighty, who is Begin?” echoed in a hundred languages in editorial offices, in foreign ministries, offices of heads of government, and intelligence headquarters.
Peace and a Palestinian State
Authors: Hyman Gerald F.
Published: September 2018

Believe me,” President Sadat understated recently, “we are in an era of wonders.” Despite all the hopeful allusions to pensive deserts, moody mirages, monumental pyramids, and lifesustaining rivers, it is still hard to express the sheer audacity of President Sadat's pilgrimage to Jerusalem— not primarily a pilgrimage to Al Aksa for Greater Bairam, but one to the Knesset for peace. We will not likely in our lifetime see again an event so Tolstoian; a single man, a single act of will, and a history that, with the unlikely exception of an assassination followed by a complete and immediate reversal, can never be quite the same again.
Martin Luther King's Protesting Pastors
Authors: Teel Charles
Published: September 2018

Martin Luther King, Jr., led many of us to recognize that pilgrimages of the mind can take place in turmoil as well as in tranquility. My own journey to understanding the connection between the transcendent and social change was facilitated by King's call to “the Movement.” That journey was shared by countless other churchmen of the 1960's. I have engaged in extended conversations with hundreds of Christian clergy who responded to King's call and were arrested for their nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience. Structured interviews took place in settings as varied as a Selma parsonage, an Atlanta jail cell, a Midwestern farmhouse, a penthouse suite atop the National Council of Churches building in New York City, and a sharecropper's cabin in Philadelphia, Mississippi. What follows is an abridged “profile” of these men of the cloth. The profile sharply challenges some common stereotypes.
The Growing Strength of Vietnam
Authors: Strong Maurice
Published: September 2018

Just as American entry into the Vietnam war delayed but did not fundamentally affect its outcome, American withdrawal from Vietnam changed the tactical but not the fundamental environment in which Vietnam's role in Southeast Asia must be seen. Toward its three immediate neighbors, Vietnam remains a rival, distrusted and disliked. Its position of power in the peninsula, which has been growing over the last four hundred years, continues to grow at the expense of neighbors who resist as best they can.

Vietnam's actions have always been constrained by the overall domination of the area by China. Vietnam's desire has been and remains primarily to protect its own independence vis-a-vis China while maintaining the necessary friendly relations, given the reality of China's dominant power in the region. This explains Vietnam's counterbalance of Chinese influence by drawing on Soviet support and, now that the French and American wars are over, attempting to draw on support from any Western nations willing to respond.
Reflections on Anti-Americanism in Our Times
Authors: Hollander Paul
Published: September 2018

Americans and others find that they cannot “love it or leave it“

In the course of the last quarter century or so the United States has become a nearly universal scapegoat symbol. The United States has been denounced and blamed in countless speeches and editorials, on posters, in.radio broadcasts, and over television, as well as in private conversations, for the ills of the world, for the problems of particular societies, and even for the myriad unhappiness of individuals. No country has had more hostile demonstrations in front of its embassies around the world, or more of its libraries and cultural missions abroad ransacked, or more of its policies routinely denounced in the United Nations and other international organizations. More American flags have been burned, in and outside the United States, than the flags of any other country.
The Nuclear Question Explodes
Authors: Geyer Alan
Published: September 2018

During the three decades since Hiroshima and Nagasaki the ethical discussion of nuclear weapons has been preoccupied with the morality of using, or threatening to use, arms of mass annihilation. There has been a relative neglect of the ethics of nuclear arms control and disarmament. Moreover, since the late 1960's widespread complacency about the presumed efficacy of mutual deterrence and the ostensible progress of detente have tended to dissipate the nuclear anxieties of ethicists, politicians, and other citizens who attend to world affairs.
The Only African Unity Worth a Second Glance
Authors: Anable David
Published: September 2018

Any American hard hat or British miner would understand. Solidarity is the name of their union game. Alone each worker is nothing; together, over the decades, the unions have forced a redistribution of wealth, have shaken governments. The nations of Africa are new at the game. On the broader, world field they too recognize the power of unity. They too would redistribute wealth—on a world scale. But can economic solidarity, a “trade union” of African nations, inject cement into the shifting sands of their dubious political unity? That is the big question hanging over the continent.
Toward a Genuine “Structure of Peace”
Authors: Brandon Donald
Published: September 2018

The principal occupation of the Nixon Administration was an attempt to build what it called a “structure of peace.” President Ford has made it perfectly clear that he agrees with the basic thrust of his predecessor's foreign policy. Public opinion polls show that a majority of the American ipeople share Ford's assessment of the Nixon Administration's alleged achievements in world affairs. I propose to challenge the basis on which they intend to build that structure and to pose an alternative basis. Before positing that alternative I will compare the Nixon-Kissinger grand design with other policies that compete for our allegiance today.
Cambodia—Auschwitz of Asia
Authors: Cherne Leo
Published: September 2018

It appears to have taken six years to kill nine million human beings in Nazi Germany and in the countries it occupied. It appears to have taken one day to inflict catastrophic disaster on more than three million Cambodians.“

With these words Freedom House three years ago filed an appeal with the U.N. Commission on Human Rights for an inquiry into events in Cambodia. The U.N. High Commission for Human Rights took three months to respond to that appeal—negatively. During these three years, a few books and articles have focused our attention on Cambodia, but governments have, for the most part, remained silent. In July, 1977, the House International Relations Subcommittee initiated a congressional inquiry into the events in Cambodia, and Richard Holbrooke, assistant secretary of state for East Asian affairs, eloquently denounced what was taking place in what is now called Democratic Kampuchea.
Human Rights Minus Liberty?
Authors: Liskofsky Sidney
Published: September 2018

International agreements, of the United Nations as well as of the West European and Inter-American regional organizations, affirm commitments to such personal liberties as freedom of thought and religion, of opinion and expression, of assembly and association, and of emigration. But these liberties, until recently considered central to the concept of human rights, are under increasing threat within the U.N. system.

In 1948 the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted, followed in 1966 by the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Both focused on these values. Forty-eight nations have ratified the Covenant, including nearly all the Communist and some radical leftist Third World states—but not, paradoxically, the U.S., even though this, more than any other U.N. convention, reflects the Western civil liberties tradition.
The Good Ship Oikoumene
Authors: Wright Elliott
Published: September 2018

The World Council of Churches was bom in the cold war era. That's important for present understanding. At its beginning John Foster Dulles warned against Christian obeisance to the “dictatorship of the proletariat.” And Josef L. Hromádka, the eminent Czech theologian, spoke of the future bliss of socialist “material trust, free responsibility and service.” The WCC has been repeatedly accused— notably but not exclusively by Western conservatives— of damning the evils of the West while closing its eyes to injustices in Communist lands. At the same time, doctrinaire Marxists dismiss the Council as a product of the West and therefore unable to understand or act upon socialism's criticism of capitalism.
The Despair of Southeast Asia
Authors: Yano Toru
Published: September 2018

Southeast Asia is now being stripped naked. Bewildered by the toxicants of modernization and buffeted by the gales of international politics, Southeast Asia has lost its sense of direction and suffers unfathomable despair. In this context Japan has become a strong target of criticism. This criticism is not wholly superficial, and if Japan is both to further its own interest and to contribute to this, area of the world it must understand and cope with that criticism. The most important feature of the anti-Japanese criticism in Southeast Asia is that it is based on “despair,”
Gandhi, Bhutto and Bandaranaike: Running Hard, but…
Authors: Wriggins W. Howard
Published: September 2018

So you think America had a troubled winter? Striking truckers, gasoline shortages and long lines at the pumps, food prices up 30 per cent and a President in deeper trouble than any President since Andrew Johnson and Herbert Hoover.

But suppose your constitution was only a year and a half old and your political system seemed to depend mainly on the art of one adroit and very energetic man. Or that the political coalition which alone could provide some inclusive national direction was eroding, leaving only splintered, regional parties as a plausible alternative. Or that economic resources were becoming so scarce that wherever policy-makers turned they found a nearly empty barrel.
The Provence That's Not in the Guidebooks
Authors: Iiams Thomas Marion
Published: September 2018

In Pompidouian France the government's objective is to make everyone believe that having more is living better, with the result that even the less affluent are purchasing new cars and second hemes, and no one, seemingly, is learning how to repair old ones or is concerned about the 11 per cent interest rate on new mortgages. A French jeweler today will not even look at your Timex watch, and the day has already come when the staterun Gaz de France is reluctant to take on any new customers because this could necessitate laying larger pipelines to satisfy increased demand.
Business Italian Style
Authors: Kurzweil Edith
Published: September 2018

As with most countries, Italy combines its future with its past. It is not surprising, therefore, that on January 1, 1974, Italy announced its “official” entry into postindustrialism, while still “unofficially” hanging onto all the old industrial and preindustrial methods of production. Once again the government initiated modernization, only this time it's done by computer: all taxpaying citizens are being programmed to become honest.
Italys New Communists
Authors: Zanotti-Karp Angela
Published: September 2018

When the Central Committee of the Italian Communist Party met in February, 1973, PCI Secretary Enrico Berlinguer reported that “membership in the party and, to a less satisfactory extent, in the Youth Federation (FGCI), shows a constant increase.” During the past several years the PCI has again become a point of reference for an increasingly high number of people who either join the Party or at least gravitate around it. Such a “return”— to be understood literally in some cases—is particularly interesting because it involves a high proportion of Italian youth, especially students, and some prestigious representatives of the Italian cultural world.
The Philippine Archipelago
Authors: Manglapus Raul S.
Published: September 2018

“Hurry! Hurry! Hurry!” said the sideshow barker to iiis customers. “Hurry! Hurry! Hurry!” said the economist to the developing countries. If you don't hurry there will be disaster, echoed the President of the World Bank. Only military governments are capable of stability and order, observed the Rockefeller Report on Latin America.

You must move forward. Democracy is too slow. Human rights can wait.

It was a stirring message, and it reached the executive mansions of Southeast Asia. In the nineteen fifties and sixties, whenever the head of a government there tired of coping with legal opposition, began to fear the people, and decided to run things permanently on his own he engaged in the amusing practice of issuing a proclamation blaming all his country's ills on “Western-style democracy”—and immediately instituted Western-style repression. He imprisoned the opposition, muzzled the press, and silenced the population by putting the fear of predawn raids in their hearts, devices all so terribly Western and so terribly effective.
Foreign vs. Local Ownership
Authors: Behrman Jack N.
Published: September 2018

The ownership of affiliates of international companies has become a critical issue in many host countries. Inevitably, the issue of ownership has become a serious matter for the parent companies. In the discussion that has developed, things are not always what they seem, or what is presumed to be the case. Reality diverges from several unexamined presumptions.

That host countries take the question of ownership very seriously is evident from the increasing requirements that foreign shareholdings be sold to locals or to the government itself, from the regulations preventing new acquisitions of existing companies (thereby reducing the shifts in ownership to foreigners), and from the moves toward bringing labor into ownership. This last item is represented by the comtnunidad industrial of Peru, which progressively hands over1 to labor larger percentages of the shares, and by those in Europe who advocate that labor take over ownership and control of some companies or industries.
A Time to Think
Authors: Harrington Michael
Published: September 2018

Tie American Left helped win some extraordinary battles during the 1960's and early 1970's. All it lost was the war.

Its two most important achievements during that period are obvious enough. The Left made a significant contribution, in militancy as well as theory, to a civil rights movement which swept away the juridical system of Jim Crow (even though the economic infrastructure of racism was left pretty much intact). And it provided activists and ideas to the teach-ins, the marches, and the political campaigns of 1968 and 1972 which turned American opinion around on the issue of Vietnam. There were other victories: for example, the destruction of the doctrine of in loco parentis on the American campus; the delegitimatizating of the House Un-American Activities Committee; participation in a woman's movement which is still demonstrating great vitality and potential; the opening up of the Democratic Party to entire new constituencies.
One Year Later: A Great Debate in Israel
Authors: Rubin Barry
Published: September 2018

The debate now going on in Israel over government policies, attitudes toward a political settlement, and the Palestinian question is bound to have an important effect on the future of Israel and on the Arab-Israeli conflict in general. It is politically important to understand that there has been a tendency within some Arab circles to mistake Israel's situation. The Arabs have understandably come to value unity very highly, although they have so often found it elusive, and they therefore view the deep splits in Israeli politics as a sign of weakness. After all, even in Beirut—the freest city for ideas in the Arab world—a newspaper editor was indicted on charges of attacking the King of Saudi Arabia and another kidnapped for displeasing a political faction. But Israelis view their disagreements in print and in parliament (the Knesset) as a sign of nealthy democratic life and a welcome change from the stifling consensus of the Meir years.
Ten Years After the Free Speech Movement: Reflections of a Participant
Authors: Vree Dale
Published: September 2018

When I arrived at Earlham (a Quaker liberal arts college) from graduate study at Berkeley, a sincere young man from the student newspaper came knocking on my office door asking for a confessional account of my past political sins. That was a first for me. I tried to accommodate the young man as best I could, all the while feeling slightly uneasy. The story in the first edition of the year ran under the blazing headline, “Former Marxist Joins Political Science Department.”
Possible Reigns in Spain
Authors: Payne Stanley G.
Published: September 2018

In July, 1974, Spain finally stood at the threshold of the momentous political transition that many had hoped for and just as many had feared for at least thirty years. An attack of phlebitis placed the life of the eighty-one-year-old Generalissimo Francisco Franco in grave danger and forced him, for the first time, to relinquish the powers of chief of state, which were temporarily transferred to his chosen successor, Prince Juan Carlos de Borbon, who will presumably soon become king of Spain, in any event.
Religion and America's Moral Crisis
Authors: Borowitz Eugene B.
Published: September 2018

There is a crisis in public morality. Apparently the decline in our standard of behavior is so obvious that, despite our political and class and religious differences, we can agree upon the disorder if not the therapy. I therefore propose not to document our ills any further, but I do wish first to diagnose them and only then to suggest a line of significant treatment.
Has Secularization Reached Scotland Too?
Authors: Gill Robin
Published: September 2018

The question-title of this article contains two implicit assumptions that I find thoroughly embarrassing. The first is that secularization is some inevitable process gradually” reaching out to the far corners of the Western world. The second is that Scotland is, frankly, a backwater; secularization has reached almost everywhere else, and now is about to reach this last bastion of the old order. Very soon the fate of old-style religion will be sealed, and secularization will have achieved its final victory somewhere in the wild mountains of the Scottish Highlands.
The Terror of Jean-Paul Sartre
Authors: Hux Samuel
Published: September 2018

The tremendous interest that Existentialism once generated has not quite simply abated. Historians of ideas will of course continue to write about it, and philosophers will continue to borrow and modify some of-its concepts; but still it does not have the immediate and even urgent impact it once had, both deserved and exaggerated, Seldom any longer will one hear a friend say, “I am grateful to Sartre. He gave me a language to describe fears and feelings I really had when I….”

Existentialism has receded to a distance where it can be viewed with more calm and detachment; but such was its nature, its considerations—“alienation,” “engagement,” “authenticity,” existence(!)—that this recession means in a sense that it has lost part of its meaning. It is now perceived as a kind of intellectual institution, energized by only flickers of urgency, a body of ideas instead of an activity, a vital intellectual engagement with the world, a philosophizing.
Who's Thinking about National Security?
Authors: Brewer Garry D. , Bracken Paul
Published: September 2018

Prior to World War II, American national security policy was formed by a loosely connected elite that generally operated from a business-financial base in the northeastern United States. It was from this group that secretaries of state and war were drawn and among this group that serious long-range thinking on important security issues was undertaken. The power of this community continued after the war, probably reaching its zenith in the 1950s, when an important change occurred. Unversities like Harvard, Yale, and Chicago gained prominence at this time, but the more interesting phenomenon was the emergence of so-called "defense intellectuals" at places like the Rand Corporation and other think tanks.
Haitian Stasis
Authors: Cassagnol Paul Ls.
Published: September 2018

The scarcity of hard currency and deep cuts in foreign assistance have brought Haiti to a point of complete economic stagnation. Hurricane David and poor crops have curtailed exports drastically. What mother nature has left undone the president has completed, diverting internal revenues from the treasury, which are converted into available dollars and transferred to private bank accounts abroad. At a popular estimate the Duvalier family is worth more than $500 million, cash.

Firm evidence of treasury looting was first provided by World Bank Report No. 1243HA of September 25, 1976, revealing that $45.5 million in government revenues for fiscal 1975 were unbudgeted and could not be accounted for. In 1977, according to a report prepared by the U.S. embassy staff in PortauPririce and published by the U.S. Department of Commerce in Foreign Economic Trends (No. 77-148), the “unbudgeted receipts amounted to 60 million in FY/77 and [were] projected at 69 million in FY/78.” Now Jack Anderson provides an update. “Baby Doc,” he says in his column of March 29, “has been stealing millions of dollars in loans provided by the International Monetary Fund.” And what is more, Michele, the president's bride of a year, has been drawing a monthly allowance of $100,000 from the treasury under her husband's authorization.
India: The Clear Puzzle
Authors: Srinivasan Mangalam
Published: September 2018

Dictatorship starts with the gagging of the opposition press,” Indira once declared. Between the time she uttered those remarkable words and now, several memorable events have taken place. Two spectacular events in particular have focused world attention upon her: First, she won in the war against Pakistan and made Bangladesh possible; second, she declared a state of emergency, which includes, among other measures, press censorship.

Some people contend that whatever she is doing now is at great personal cost and that she is courageously undertaking the defense of her democratic country and her people against anarchy. Others bewail the passing of democracy and compose eloquent obituaries. Still others contend that “a democracy” may have died, but a promise of another, more indigenous in nature and more suitable for the service of its people, may be in the working.
The Moonie Family
Authors: Sandon Leo
Published: September 2018

Moonies I met in the Barrytown, New York, seminary of the Unification Church is a young man I will call Tom Kellogg, now in his mid-twenties. We became friends, and it was when I was talking with Tom that the seriousness of this question struck me with great force. Tom comes from one of New York's prominent families; he graduated, first in his class, from one of New England's most prestigious preparatory schools; and he has a baccalaureate degree in biochemistry. Obviously he is a young man who, by all standards of American culture, has a “future“; one would also think Tom would know that he has a past. In short, he “belongs.” For several minutes I ceased being an investigative researcher and became a father, the father of two sons. If Tom Kellogg could become a Moonie, so could my own twelve-year-old preppie! My twenty-year-old son, who is somewhat lonely, living without a systematic ideology and concerned about his vocation, probably is in the ninety-seventh percentile of those who could be persuaded to join one of the religious cults.
Arms and the Polis
Authors: Aristotle
Published: September 2018

It is not without a certain reluctance that I address the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. While flattered and somewhat astonished that you would be interested in the musings of an old Greek whose life's span reaches back over two millennia, I am aware of some enormous difficulties and complexities (aporiae, I used to call them). The nature of modern weaponry, for example, and the extent of its destructive power far outstrip anything we could have imagined. Furthermore, the modern world contrasts so sharply with my times that I wonder if anything I said or could say would be retevant. The Greek city was small—deliberately so, in order to give citizens the opportunity to be involved in its decisions and acts. The most complex nation-state of today makes such participatory democracy almost impossible; hence, the wisdom of the former age shatters against the very size of the modern political entity.
Puerto Rico: On Letting the People Decide
Authors: McDougall George
Published: September 2018

Every so often some “scholarly commentator” suggests that the United States should admit it made a mistake when it acted unilaterally to annex Puerto Rico in 1898. To remedy the damage, such writers argue, the United States should now take the initiative in preparing Puerto Rico to become an independent nation. To help atone for his eighty years of “colonial” intervention they would have Uncle Sam be both sympathetic and generous in helping the new republic get started: Plenty of transitional assistance would be provided, and there would be “continuing warm friendship” after the final break. Once Puerto Rico is turned loose, it is explained, its people would at least be “free,” the U.S. would have extricated itself honorably from an expensive international embarrassment, and we could all live happily ever after.