bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coarse bedload routing and dispersion through tributary confluences
Authors: Imhoff Kurt S. , Wilcox Andrew C.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Sediment routing fundamentally influences channel morphology and the propagation of disturbances such as debris flows. The transport and storage of bedload particles across headwater channel confluences, which may be significant nodes of the channel network in terms of sediment routing, morphology, and habitat, are poorly understood, however. We investigated patterns and processes of sediment routing through headwater confluences by comparing them to published results from lower-gradient confluences and by comparing the dispersive behavior of coarse bedload particles between headwater confluence and non-confluence reaches. We addressed these questions with a field tracer experiment using passive-integrated transponder and radio-frequency identification technology in the East Fork Bitterroot River basin, Montana, USA. Within the confluence zone, tracers tended to be deposited towards scour-hole and channel margins, suggesting narrow, efficient transport corridors that mirror those observed in prior studies, many of which are from finer-grained systems. Coarse particles in some confluence reaches experienced reduced depositional probabilities within the confluence relative to upstream and downstream of the confluence. Analysis of particle transport data suggests that variation in the spatial distribution of coarse-sediment particles may be enhanced by passing through confluences, though further study is needed to evaluate confluence effects on dispersive regimes and sediment routing on broader spatial and temporal scales.
Can controlled drainage control agricultural nutrient emissions?
Evidence from a BACI experiment combined with a dual isotope
approach
Authors: Carstensen Mette V. , Poulsen Jane R. , Ovesen Niels B. , Børgesen Christen D. , Hvid Søren K. , Kronvang Brian
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Controlled drainage combined with winter crops was investigated for the first time as a mitigation measure for reducing nitrate loss through drainage systems during a three-year period (2012–15) on a loamy soil in Denmark. The impact of controlled drainage on groundwater levels, drain flow, total nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium, nitrous oxide, total phosphorous, and phosphate when applying regulation levels of 50 and 70 cm above drain pipes were determined by using a before-after control-impact (BACI) study design. The regulation level had to be 70 cm to significantly elevate groundwater levels and reduce drain outflow and nitrate loss, which were reduced by 38–52 % (97–127 mm) and 36–48 % (6–8 kg nitrate-N ha−1) relative to conventional drainage levels, respectively. Controlled drainage did not appear to influence harvest yield or cause pollution swapping as the loss of total phosphorous, phosphate, and nitrous oxide was reduced by 44–45 %, 44–54 %, and 36–38 %, respectively. Stable isotope analysis of δ15N and δ18O in nitrate from drain water supported by measurements of nitrate, sulphate, and ammonium concentrations in drain water revealed that denitrification was not enhanced markedly at the impacted plots, except during one event where a pronounced decline in nitrate concentrations and ceased drain flow was observed.
The Budyko functions under non-steady state conditions: new
approach and comparison with previous formulations
Authors: Moussa Roger , Lhomme Jean-Paul
Published: July 2016

Abstract. The Budyko functions relate the evaporation ratio E / P (E is evaporation and P precipitation) to the aridity index Φ = Ep / P (Ep is potential evaporation) and are valid on long timescales under steady state conditions. A new formulation physically based (noted ML) is proposed to extend the Budyko framework under non-steady state conditions taking into account the change in soil water storage S. The ML formulation introduces an additional parameter S* = S / Ep and can be applied with all classical Budyko functions. In the standard Budyko space (Ep / P, E / P), and for the particular case where the Fu-Zhang equation is used as a Budyko function, the ML formulation yields similar results to the analytical solution of Greve et al. (2016), and a simple relationship can be established between their respective parameters. Then, the ML formulation is extended to the space [(Ep / (P + S), E / (P + S)] and compared to the formulations of Chen et al. (2013) and Du et al. (2016). We show that the ML and Greve et al. formulations have similar upper feasible domain but their lower feasible domain is different from those of Chen et al. (2103) and Du et al. (2016). Moreover, the domain of variation of Ep / (P + S) differs: it is bounded by an upper limit 1 / S* in the ML formulation, while it is bounded with a lower limit in Chen et al.'s and Du et al.'s formulations.
Partners in Parenting: An Overview of the Literature on Parents’ and Nonparental Adults’ Perspectives on Shared Responsibilities in Childrearing
Authors: Kesselring Marije , De Winter Micha , Van Yperen Tom , Lecluijze Suzanne
Published: July 2016

The involvement of nonparental adults (NPAs) in the upbringing of children is widely considered to be important for the well-being of both children and parents. However, there has been no systematic overview of parental and nonparental perspectives toward this involvement. This study presents an overview of the international literature on sharing responsibility between parents and NPAs. A structured search resulted in the inclusion of 49 relevant publications. Limitations of the extant research notwithstanding, some generalizations about shared childrearing can be made. However, many issues relating the taboo of sharing childrearing responsibilities remain poorly understood. To break the taboo, future research should further explore the underlying sensitivities.
The Correlation between Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents and Harboring Virulence Factors among Enterococcus Strains Isolated from Clinical Samples
Authors: Arbabi Leila , Boustanshenas Mina , Rahbar Mohammad , Majidpour Ali , Shayanfar Nasrin , Afshar Mastaneh , Adabi Maryam , Owlia Parwiz , Talebi-Taher Mahshid
Published: July 2016

Objectives: In Iran as well as throughout the world Enterococci have been rated as the important cause of urinary tract and nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between high antimicrobial resistance activity and harboring the virulence factors among clinical Enterococcus isolates.

Materials and Methods: Clinical strains were isolated from hospitalized patients. Prevalence of different virulence genes was evaluated by PCR method and the relation between resistance to antibiotics and harboring virulence genes was evaluated by statistical analysis.

Results: The results showed that E. faecalis (60%) is more prevalent than E. faecium (26%) and harboring more virulence factors. The highest resistance was related to gentamicin in both E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates with the rate of 88.7% and 93.5% respectively. Harboring esp, ace and cylA are significantly related to resistance to different antibiotics.
Conclusion: The antimicrobial resistance and virulence pattern of Enterococcus must be constantly monitored in order to choose the best antimicrobial treat and prevent nosocomial infections.
‘The Law BV’: heeft het bewijsvoordeel in artikel 2:138 lid 2/248 lid 2 BW zijn langste tijd gehad?
Authors: de Groot C.
Published: July 2016

‘The Law BV’: heeft het bewijsvoordeel in artikel 2:138 lid 2/248 lid 2 BW zijn langste tijd gehad?

Op 12 februari 2016 heeft de Hoge Raad een uitspraak gedaan in een bestuurdersaansprakelijkheidsprocedure op grond van artikel 2:248 lid 2 BW. Uit de uitspraak komt naar voren dat het bewijsvoordeel dat de curator aan artikel 2:248 lid 2 BW kan ontlenen veel van zijn betekenis heeft verloren.
Balanceren tussen een taakverdeling en collegialiteit binnen de raad
Authors: in ’t Veld L.
Published: July 2016

Balanceren tussen een taakverdeling en collegialiteit binnen de raad. De verhouding tussen auditcommissieleden en overige commissarissen bezien in het licht van geagendeerde wet- en regelgeving

De auditcommissie heeft een vaste positie verworven binnen het Nederlandse vennootschapsrecht. Recente ontwikkelingen accentueren de onduidelijkheid die bestaat over de verhouding tussen auditcommissieleden en overige leden van de raad. De auteur meent dat het evenwicht dient te worden bewaakt tussen een ver(der)gaande taakverdeling en het beginsel van collegialiteit binnen de raad.
Microscopic fungi on Nymphaeaceae plants of the Lake Płociczno in Drawa National Park (NW Poland)
Authors: Mazurkiewicz-Zapałowicz Kinga , Golianek Aleksandra , Łopusiewicz Łukasz
Published: July 2016

The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of micromycetes associated with disease symptoms on the leaves and flowers of three plant species, Nymphaea alba (NA), Nymphaea candida (NC), and Nuphar lutea (NL), forming nympheid phytocoenoses on Lake Płociczno in Drawa National Park during the years 2009 to 2012. From all collected plant specimens, an overall number of 38 distinct taxa of fungi and chromistan fungal analogues was isolated. The largest diversity of taxa was found on NL (37 taxa), the lowest was on NC (4 taxa), and NA contained 12 taxa.

Each year, anamorphic forms of Ascomycota were dominant in the taxonomic structure. For the first time in Poland, Septoria nupharis (NA, NL, NC) and Colletotrichum nymphaeae (NL, NC) were found on their spotted leaves. For both of the mentioned pathogens, Nymphaea candida is a new host plant in Poland. Botrytis cinerea, Elongisporangium undulatum (= Pythium undulatum), Epicoccum nigrum, Fusarium incarnatum (= F. semitectum), and Gibberella avenacea (= Fusarium avenaceum) were found each year in the studied phytocoenoses. The confirmation of NA and NL flower infections by Botrytis cinerea, which leads to gangrene, is an important aspect of the gray mold epidemiology. Until now, the occurrence of smut fungi on nympheids in Drawa National Park was not observed. The taxonomic structure and the predomination of asexual stages of fungi, as well as the similarity coefficients, suggest that the seasonal decomposition of nympheids run naturally and contribute to maintaining the stability of the lake ecosystem.
Adult Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Are Capable of Producing Neurocyte or Photoreceptor-Like Cells That Survive in Mouse Eyes After Preinduction With Neonatal Retina
Authors: Xian Bikun , Zhang Yichi , Peng Yuting , Huang Jianfa , Li Weihua , Wang Wencong , Zhang Min , Li Kaijing , Zhang Hening , Zhao Minglei , Liu Xing , Huang Bing
Published: July 2016

Adult human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) exhibit pluripotency in vitro and so may be a valuable cell source for regenerative therapies. The efficacy of such therapies depends on the survival, differentiation, migration, and integration capacity of hPBMCs in specific tissues. In this study, we examined these capacities of transplanted hPBMCs in mouse retina as well functional improvement after transplant. We isolated hPBMCs and preinduced them for 4 days in media preconditioned with postnatal day 1 rat retina explants. Preinduction increased the proportions of hPBMCs expressing neural stem cell, neural progenitor cell, or photoreceptor markers as revealed by immunofluorescent staining, flow cytometry, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Preinduced hPBMCs were transplanted into the subretinal space of retinal degenerative slow (RDS) and retinal degeneration 1 (RD1) mice. At 1, 3, and 6 months after transplantation, treated eyes of RDS mice were collected and cell phenotype was studied by immunofluorescent staining. Preinduced hPBMCs survived in the subretinal space; migrated away from the injection site and into multiple retinal layers; and expressed neural stem cell, neuronal, and photoreceptor markers. Finally, we assessed RD1 retinal function after subretinal transplantation and found significant improvement at 3 months after transplantation. The ease of harvesting, viability in vivo, capacity to express neuronal and photoreceptor proteins, and capacity for functional enhancement suggest that hPBMCs are potential candidates for cell replacement therapy to treat retinal degenerative diseases.

Significance

This study provides support for the use of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as a potential source of pluripotent stem cells for treating retinal degeneration. First, this study demonstrated that PBMCs can differentiate into retinal neuron-like cells in vitro and in vivo. Second, some transplanted cells expressed markers for neural progenitors, mature neurons, or photoreceptors at 1, 3, and 6 months after subretinal injection. Finally, this study showed that PBMC transplantation can improve the function of a degenerated retina.
Concise Review: In Vitro Formation of Bone-Like Nodules Sheds Light on the Application of Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Mechiche Alami Saad , Gangloff Sophie C. , Laurent-Maquin Dominique , Wang Yun , Kerdjoudj Halima
Published: July 2016

Harnessing the differentiation of stem cells into bone-forming cells represents an intriguing avenue for the creation of functional skeletal tissues. Therefore, a profound understanding of bone development and morphogenesis sheds light on the regenerative application of stem cells in orthopedics and dentistry. In this concise review, we summarize the studies deciphering the mechanisms that govern osteoblast differentiation in the context of in vitro formation of bone-like nodules, including morphologic and molecular events as well as cellular contributions to mineral nucleation, occurring during osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. This article also highlights the limitations of current translational applications of stem cells and opportunities to use the bone-like nodule model for bone regenerative therapies.

Significance

Harnessing the differentiation of stem cells into bone-forming cells represents an intriguing avenue for the creation of functional skeletal tissues. Therefore, a profound understanding of bone development and morphogenesis sheds light on the regenerative application of stem cells in orthopedics and dentistry. In this concise review, studies deciphering the mechanisms that govern osteoblast commitment and differentiation are summarized. This article highlights the limitations of current translational applications of stem cells and the opportunities to use the bone-like nodule model for bone regenerative therapies.
The Economics of Reverse Osmosis Desalination Projects
Authors: Wilf Mark , Semiat Raphael
Published: July 2016

Desalination applications based on reverse osmosis (RO) technology today comprise over 50% of the capacity of all desalination systems worldwide and represent 75-85% of new desalination projects being implemented. The major reason for the shift in desalination projects to RO technology is the high energy efficiency of the RO process. There are three major application categories of large capacity, RO-based desalination projects: brackish RO; advanced municipal wastewater reclamation; and seawater RO. In the two first categories (brackish RO and wastewater reclamation), the systems’ configuration and equipment components are well defined. Therefore, project costs and operating expenses are fairly predictable. In seawater RO desalination systems, the RO process configuration is also very similar; however, some variability exists regarding the configuration of seawater water delivery and feed water pretreatment. The rest of the system’s components and system operation methods are very uniform. However, an evaluation of published cost data of medium- to large-scale water RO desalination projects illustrates significant variability in costs of desalination systems.
This paper will analyze current economic conditions of seawater desalination, and highlight the limitations and possibilities of additional improvements of the economics of the SWRO desalination process.
[Pegylated interferon beta-1a on the Italian market]
Authors: Eandi Mario
Published: July 2016

[Editorial in Italian]
Flower diversity and bee reproduction in an arid ecosystem
Authors: Dorado Jimena , Vázquez Diego P.
Published: July 2016

Background:Diverse flower communities are more stable in floral resource production along the flowering season, but the question about how the diversity and stability of resources affect pollinator reproduction remains open. High plant diversity could favor short foraging trips, which in turn would enhance bee fitness. In addition to plant diversity, greater temporal stability of floral resources in diverse communities could favor pollinator fitness because such communities are likely to occupy the phenological space more broadly, increasing floral availability for pollinators throughout the season. In addition, this potential effect of flower diversity on bee reproduction could be stronger for generalist pollinators because they can use a broader floral spectrum. Based on above arguments we predicted that pollinator reproduction would be positively correlated to flower diversity, and to temporal stability in flower production, and that this relationship would be stronger for the most generalized pollinator species.

Materials and Methods:Using structural equation models, we evaluated the effect of these variables and other ecological factors on three estimates of bee reproduction (average number of brood cells per nest per site, total number of brood cells per site, and total number of nests per site), and whether such effects were modulated by bee generalization on floral resources.

Results:Contrary to our expectations, flower diversity had no effect on bee reproduction, stability in flower production had a weakly negative effect on one of the bee reproductive variables, and the strength of the fitness-diversity relationship was unrelated to bee generalization. In contrast, elevation had a negative effect on bee reproduction, despite the narrow elevation range encompassed by our sites.

Discussion:Flower diversity did not affect the reproduction of the solitary bees studied here. This result could stem from the context dependence of the diversity-stability relationship, given that elevation had a positive effect on flower diversity but a negative effect on bee reproduction. Although high temporal stability in flower production is expected to enhance pollinator reproduction, in our study it had a weakly negative—instead of positive—effect on the average number of brood cells per nest. Other environmental factors that vary with elevation could influence bee reproduction. Our study focused on a small group of closely-related bee species, which cautions against generalization of our findings to other groups of pollinators. More studies are clearly needed to assess the extent to which pollinator demography is influenced by the diversity of floral resources.
Extreme waves in the southern Baltic Sea
Authors: Sulisz Wojciech , Paprota Maciej , Reda Anna
Published: July 2016

Freak waves are unique phenomena that appear unexpectedly on the ocean surface. These waves are not only a danger to fishermen and yachtsmen, but are also capable of damaging large vessels and offshore and coastal structures. The available field measurements that provide insight into the origin and physics of freak waves are very limited. The main objective of the present study was to analyze a unique set of wave data comprising 19,025 wind-wave records from the southern Baltic Sea to provide information on the occurrence, parameters, and prevailing conditions of the formation of freak waves. The complex nature of freak waves was investigated by obtaining spectral and statistical parameters of freak-wave-prone sea states using a wide set of tools. The study revealed a large number of freak-type waves, including waves over 12 m high. The study indicates that these hazardous waves may even exceed 20 m during severe storms in the Baltic Sea. Multi-point wind-wave measurements are needed to provide more information about the physics of freak waves and to eventually develop a prediction or warning system to avoid casualties.
Surgical Management of Tailgut Cysts: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Miyamoto Ryoichi , Nagai Kentaro , Kemmochi Akira , Inagawa Satoshi , Yamamoto Masayoshi
Published: July 2016

A tailgut cyst is an uncommon congenital developmental cyst that arises from the postnatal remnants of the primitive gut. These cysts are generally located in the retrorectal space. The rarity of this lesion and its anatomical position frequently lead to difficulties in its diagnosis and surgical management. Complete surgical resection remains the cornerstone of treatment, and numerous surgical approaches to achieve this objective have been described in the literature. We present 2 cases of tailgut cysts that were resected using a trans-sacral approach. We discuss the surgical management of these cases, including the operative approach that was adopted. Two cases of tailgut cysts that presented as incidentally detected retrorectal tumors are described here. A pelvic magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed a retrorectal multicystic tumor consistent with a tailgut cyst. The patients underwent surgery via a trans-sacral approach with coccygectomy. The histopathologic diagnosis for each patient was a tailgut cyst with no evidence of malignancy. Surgical approaches for tailgut cysts depend on the exact locations of the cysts and suspicions regarding the malignancies of the cysts. En bloc organ resection, including coccygectomy, is required if malignancy is suspected. We endorse the trans-sacral approach as a feasible, easy to perform, minimally invasive, and safe option for treating relatively low-lying tailgut cysts.
Das Grünbuch zur Schaffung einer Kapitalmarktunion – EU-Kapitalmarkt 4.0?
Authors: Schmidt Jessica
Published: July 2016

Am 18. Februar 2015 hat die EU Kommission ein Grünbuch zur Schaffung einer Kapitalmarktunion (Capital Markets Union - CMU) vorgestellt. Der Beitrag gibt einen kritischen Überblick über die Ziele und die wichtigsten Inhalte, die weit über das Kapitalmarktrecht i. e.S. hinaus auch das Vertrags-, Sachen-, Wertpapier-, Gesellschafts-, Insolvenz-, internationale Privat-, Registerund Steuerrecht betreffen.
Perfil clínico-epidemiológico de adultos hiv-positivo atendidos em um hospital de Natal/RN Clinical-epidemiological profile of hiv-positive adults attended in a hospital from Natal/RN
Authors: Silva Richardson Augusto Rosendo da , Silva Rafael Tavares Silveira , Nascimento Ellany Gurgel Cosme do , Gonçalves Olga Priscilla , Reis Maiara Menezes , Silva Bárbara Coeli Oliveira da
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico-clínico e de hábitos de vida de adultos HIV-positivo. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, transversal e quantitativo, com amostra de 331 pessoas soropositivas com agendamento ambulatorial entre fevereiro e agosto de 2014 de um hospital de referência de Natal/RN. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevista semi-estruturada. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram predominância de: homens (52%), jovens (42%), procedentes da capital (58%), cor parda (53%), solteiro (56%), heterossexuais (79%), pobres (68%). A maioria realizou o primeiro exame anti-HIV há menos de cinco anos (60%), tiveram sinais e sintomas da AIDS antes do exame (90%), foram internados (90%), iniciaram o TARV há menos de cinco anos (60%), julgam ter bom conhecimento sobre a doença (75%) e acreditam que sua saúde melhorou (92%). Não consumem álcool (71%), não fumam (88%) e não usam drogas ilícitas (92%), nunca usaram preservativos antes do diagnóstico (62%). Conclusão: O perfil identificado segue as tendências nacionais.
A equipe de enfermagem frente aos acionamentos de alarmes em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal The nursing team before alarm triggering in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Marta Cristiano Bertolossi , Seabra Junior Helio Casemiro , Costa Dayane José da , Martins Gicilene Moreira , Silva Roberto Carlos Lyra , Pereira Leonardo Santos
Published: July 2016

Objetivos: Descrever e Discutir as condutas dos profissionais de enfermagem diante dos alarmes disparados pelos equipamentos eletromédicos. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório e com análise qualitativa. Resultados: Os profissionais apresentam uma boa qualificação, porém atuam num cenário complexo que exige um dimensionamento de pessoal diferenciado e que não foi respeitado, fato que pode ter interferido no atendimento ao alarme acionado. Conclusão: Diante dos fatos mencionados, percebe-se que a capacitação dos profissionais de enfermagem e o estímulo a atualização de conhecimentos e ao cumprimento das normas técnicas e operacionais da profissão, apresentam-se como solução bem adequada às necessidades do individuo e da empresa e/ou unidade hospitalar, visto que o objetivo final é a prestação de uma assistência de qualidade e a segurança do paciente.
Atuação do enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família na prevenção do pé diabético Practice nurse family health strategy in the prevention of diabetic foot
Authors: Oliveira Patrícia Simplício de , Bezerra Eva Porto , Andrade Lidiane Lima de , Gomes Priscila Laís Ferreira , Soares Maria Júlia Guimarães Oliveira , Costa Marta Miriam Lopes
Published: July 2016

Objetivos: Identificar orientações fornecidas pelos enfermeiros às pessoas com DM sobre o cuidado com os pés; investigar a frequência da realização do exame dos pés e os aspectos avaliados; verificar quais atividades de educação em saúde são realizadas pelos enfermeiros para as pessoas com DM. Métodos: estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 38 enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família, através de um questionário, durante maio a julho/2013. Os dados foram analisados com base na estatística descritiva. Estudo aprovado pelo CEP do CCS/UFPB, CAEE nº 03459112.1.0000.5188.  Resultados: constatou-se que 26 (68,4%) enfermeiros orientam quanto ao uso de calçados confortáveis; 19 (50,0%) enfermeiros avaliam os pelos e as unhas mensalmente; 12 (31,6%) enfermeiros realizam orientações como atividade de educação em saúde. Conclusão: a atuação dos enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família contribui na prevenção do pé diabético, proporcionando a realização do autocuidado.  Descritores: Enfermagem, Diabetes Mellitus, Pé diabético, Educação em saúde.
Investigation on enhancement of weld strength between PMMA and PBT in laser transmission welding—Using intermediate material
Authors: Wang Xiao , Zhong Xuejiao , Liu Wei , Liu Baoguang , Liu Huixia
Published: July 2016

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) are widely used in industry; however, poor compatibility between two materials lead to poor weld strength. Polycarbonate (PC) has good compatibility with PMMA and PBT. Therefore, the welding method was that PC film as intermediate material was used to enhance weld strength in laser transmission welding (LTW) of PMMA and PBT. Through the LTW experiment, the weld strength was tested by mechanical testing and it was found that the best weld strength was improved more than four times than the weld strength without intermediate material. By observing the micro morphology of the weld zone, one reason was founded that the bubbles can be used to form micro‐mechanical riveting to enhance the weld strength. The reptation time for PMMA, PC, and PBT were investigated to analyze the establishment of the weld strength. When the reptation time is much shorter than time in molten state, the higher weld strength is feasible. It can be concluded that the weld strength of PC/PBT was higher than the weld strength of PMMA/PC. The equilibrium interfacial width was calculated through Helfand's theory to analyze the compatibility of dissimilar materials. The equilibrium interfacial width for PMMA/PC and PC/PBT were similar to tube diameter. That is the reason for weld strength enhancement. And then, the response surface methodology was designed to predict the weld strength.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44167.
An Algorithm for Accurate Distributed Time Synchronization in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks from Noisy Difference Measurements
Authors: Liao Chenda , Barooah Prabir
Published: July 2016

We propose a distributed algorithm for time synchronization in mobile wireless sensor networks. The problem of time synchronization is formulated as nodes estimating their skews and offsets from noisy difference measurements of offsets and logarithm of skews; the measurements acquired by time‐stamped message exchanges between neighbors. The algorithm ensures that the estimation error is mean square convergent (variance converging to 0) under certain conditions. A sequence of scheduled update instants is used to meet the requirement of decreasing time‐varying gains that need to be synchronized across nodes with unsynchronized clocks. Moreover, a modification on the algorithm is also presented to improve the initial convergence speed. Simulations indicate that highly accurate global time estimates can be achieved with the proposed algorithm for long time durations, while the errors in competing algorithms increase over time.
Zum Tragverhalten der selbstregulierenden interaktiven Membrangründung
Authors: Detert Oliver , König Diethard , Alexiew Dimiter , Schanz Tom
Published: July 2016

Der Beitrag berichtet über eine neuartige Gründungsmethode für Schütt‐ und Dammkörper, wie beispielsweise Rohstoffhalden oder Verkehrsdämme, auf gering tragfähigen Böden großer Mächtigkeit. Zur Analyse des Trag‐ und Verformungsverhaltens dieser „selbstregulierenden interaktiven Membrangründung” wurden Zentrifugen‐Modellversuche und umfangreiche numerische Berechnungen in Form von globalen Sensitivitätsanalysen und Parameterstudien durchgeführt. Deren Ergebnisse sowie der daraus abgeleitete Ansatz zur Dimensionierung werden im vorliegenden Beitrag vorgestellt. Eine Validierung des entwickelten Ansatzes erfolgt am Ende des Beitrags über eine Vergleichsrechnung mit dem numerischen Modell.
Horizon scanning the European bio‐based economy: a novel approach to the identification of barriers and key policy interventions from stakeholders in multiple sectors and regions
Authors: Hodgson Edward , Ruiz‐Molina María‐Eugenia , Marazza Diego , Pogrebnyakova Eugenia , Burns Caitlin , Higson Adrian , Rehberger Max , Hiete Michael , Gyalai‐Korpos Miklos , Lucia Lorenzo Di , Noël Yolande , Woods Jeremy , Gallagher Joe
Published: July 2016

There is international recognition that developing a climate‐smart bioeconomy is essential to the continuation of economic development, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and adaptation to climatic change; Bio‐based products have an important role in making this transition happen. Supporting policy interventions have been put forward at European and national levels to support innovation and development of bio‐based products and services. This study asks whether suggested policy interventions reflect the needs of stakeholders and examines how these needs vary between European regions. This consultation was performed through an online survey of 447 experts actively involved in bio‐based research, industry, and governance across Europe. The majority of responses received were from stakeholders in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK which are examined in greater depth.

Climate change was clearly an important driver for bio‐based innovation as 86% of the respondents considered climate change to be a significant threat. There were clear differences between regions but also areas of consensus between stakeholders across the European regions surveyed. In particular there was consensus regarding the need for improved access to financial support and the need to ensure continuity of policy. The need to build investor confidence through demonstration of bio‐based technologies, the provision of greater clarity regarding best conversion routes for specific feedstocks, and the need to promote a culture of industrial symbiosis were also regarded as important interventions. © 2016 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A colorimetric sensor for the selective detection of fluoride ions
Authors: Wan Chin‐Feng , Chir Jiun‐Ly , Wu An‐Tai
Published: July 2016

A colorimetric receptor L was prepared. Receptor L can selectively sense F− based on distinct color changes among a series of ions. It can selectively sense F− through an intramolecular hydrogen bond interaction. A Job plot indicated a 1:1 complexation stoichiometry between receptor L and F−. The association constant for L–F− in CH3CN was determined as 9.70 × 104 M−1 using a Stern–Volmer plot.
Prognostic value of MMP9 activity level in resected stage I B lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yu Yongfeng , Ding Zhengping , Jian Hong , Shen Lan , Zhu Lei , Lu Shun
Published: July 2016

The clinical outcomes of patients with early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have remained unsatisfactory after complete surgical resection. The objective of this study was to explore the prognostic value of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) activity level in Chinese patients with stage I B lung adenocarcinoma. A sensitive and validated method was employed for determining the activity of MMP9 in human lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. Then, the association was examined between the level of MMP9 enzymatic activity and clinical outcomes. A total of 104 cases were stratified according to the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification scheme and activity of MMP9 was analyzed by SensoLyte® assay kit. The results showed that the MMP9 activity was the highest in solid predominant and micropapillary predominant subtypes, intermediate in acinar predominant and papillary predominant subtypes, and the lowest in lepidic predominant subtype. Multivariate analysis revealed that pathological subtype and activity of MMP9 were independent prognostic factors for disease‐free survival (DFS), respectively (P = 0.005 and 0.029). Significant relationship existed between enzyme activity of MMP9 and prognosis. And the 30 months DFS of high‐ and low‐level MMP9 activity tumors was 44.2% and 84.1% (P < 0.0001), respectively. High‐level MMP9 activity is correlated with aggressive tumor behaviors and poor clinical outcomes in early‐stage lung adenocarcinoma after complete resection.
Targeted TET oxidase activity through methyl‐CpG‐binding domain extensively suppresses cancer cell proliferation
Authors: Mizuguchi Yasuhiko , Saiki Yuriko , Horii Akira , Fukushige Shinichi
Published: July 2016

DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors are epigenetic drugs used to treat myelodysplastic syndrome. They not only induce DNA demethylation but also have significant cytostatic and cytotoxic effects; however, the relationships between these characteristics have not been established yet due to the lack of a method to induce only DNA demethylation. Herein, we show that a fusion protein comprised of the methyl‐CpG‐binding domain (MBD) and the catalytic domain of Ten‐eleven translocation protein 1 (TET1‐CD) globally demethylates and upregulates a number of methylated genes. These upregulated genes frequently contained CpG islands (CGIs) within ± 1000 bp of the transcription start site (TSS). Interestingly, 65% of the genes upregulated fivefold or more by MBD‐TET1‐CDwt were also reactivated after treatment with a DNMT inhibitor, 5‐azacytidine (Aza‐CR), suggesting that gene reactivation by both methods primarily shares the same mechanism, DNA demethylation. In order to examine whether DNA demethylation affects the growth of cancer cells, we have established a tetracycline inducible system that can regulate the expression of MBD‐TET1‐CDwt in a prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP. The induction of MBD‐TET1‐CDwt demethylated and upregulated glutathione S‐transferase pi 1 (GSTP1), one of the hypermethylated genes in prostate cancer. In accordance with the reactivation of methylated genes, induction of MBD‐TET1‐CDwt extensively suppressed the growth of LNCaP cells through G1/S arrest. These results clearly indicate that TET oxidase activity recruited at methyl‐CpG sites through MBD induces reactivation of hypermethylated genes by DNA demethylation and allows us to analyze the effect of only global DNA demethylation in a wide variety of cancer cells.
Titanium‐Substituted Polyoxotantalate Clusters Exhibiting Wide pH Stabilities: [Ti2Ta8O28]8− and [Ti12Ta6O44]10−
Authors: Son Jung‐Ho , Casey William H.
Published: July 2016

Two new substituted polyoxotantalate clusters, [Ti2Ta8O28]8− and [Ti12Ta6O44]10−, considerably expand the pH range where tantalates persist in aqueous solution. The structures of [Ti2Ta8O28]8− and [Ti12Ta6O44]10− are reported as tetramethylammonium salts after synthesis at hydrothermal conditions in aqueous solution. These Ti‐substituted polyoxotantalate clusters have analogues among recently discovered niobates, but are slightly larger and more persistent in solution. Most importantly, they exhibit a much wider range of pH stability than the familiar hexatantalate cluster, which is the only other tantalate known to be stable at highly basic pH conditions. These molecules are kinetically stable to near‐neutral pH, making them excellent synthons for further development into materials and catalysts, and an significant advance in adapting tantalates for use in aqueous solutions.
Simulating Spatial Microwave Manipulation of Polyatomic Asymmetric‐Top Molecules Using a Multi‐Level Approach
Authors: Graneek Jack B. , Merz Simon , Patterson David , Betz Thomas , Schnell Melanie
Published: July 2016

A numerical approach that employs a multi‐level dressed state method to determine the AC‐Stark shifts of molecular rotational energy levels is described. This approach goes beyond the two‐level approximation often employed for simpler molecules, such as ammonia and acetonitrile, and is applicable to a variety of molecules. The calculations are used to develop experiments aimed at focusing, guiding, decelerating and trapping neutral, polyatomic, asymmetric‐top molecules by using microwave fields. Herein, numerical calculations are performed for acetonitrile and 4‐aminobenzonitrile. Based on these results, trajectory simulations are performed to predict the outcome of microwave focusing experiments in the TE1,1,p mode of a cylindrically symmetric microwave resonator. Simulations show that, for such an experimental setup, microwave focusing and guiding of 4‐aminobenzonitrile requires starting longitudinal velocities close to, or below, 100 m s−1, that is, much lower than values obtained with standard molecular beam techniques, such as supersonic expansion. Therefore, alternative beam‐generation techniques, for example, buffer‐gas‐cooled molecular beams, are required to extend microwave manipulation methods to larger and more complex molecules.
Developing a Compassionate Internal Supervisor: Compassion‐Focused Therapy for Trainee Therapists
Authors: Bell Tobyn , Dixon Alison , Kolts Russell
Published: July 2016

The concept of an ‘internal supervisor’ has been used in psychotherapy to describe the way in which the supervisory relationship is internalized and utilized by the supervisee. This research explores the possibility, and potential benefit, of training therapists to develop a ‘compassionate internal supervisor’. A training programme was developed for trainee cognitive‐behavioural therapists using adapted versions of compassion‐focused therapy interventions. The training focused on guided imagery exercises and reflective practices undertaken for a 4‐week period. Seven trainee cognitive‐behavioural therapists were interviewed, utilizing a semi‐structured format, regarding their experience of the training programme. The resulting transcriptions were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The analysis identified six super‐ordinate themes: (1) the varied nature of the supervisor image, (2) blocks and their overcoming, (3) increased compassion and regulation of emotion, (4) impact on cognitive processes, (5) internalization and integration, and (6) professional and personal benefit. The themes describe the varied ways in which participants created and experienced their compassionate supervisor imagery. Working with the personal blocks encountered in the process provided participants with a deeper understanding of the nature of compassion and its potential to support them in their training, practice and personal lives. The process and impact of ‘internalizing’ a compassionate supervisory relationship is described by participants and then discussed for potential implications for psychotherapy training and self‐practice. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

Compassion‐focused therapy, and related compassionate‐mind imagery exercises, can be adapted specifically to develop compassion in trainee psychotherapists.

Creating, and engaging with, an ’ideal compassionate supervisor‘ in an imaginal form can support psychotherapy trainees in their clinical practice and development, their supervision and their personal lives.

The cultivation of therapist self‐compassion can reduce unhelpful cognitive processes such as worry, rumination and self‐criticism whilst increasing self‐reflection, attentional flexibility and approach behaviour.

Identifying, and working with, blocks to compassion is important when cultivating clinician self‐compassion

Therapist self‐practice of compassion‐focused exercises can provide important insights into the nature of compassion and its cultivation in clients
Analysis and design of discrete‐time charge domain filters with complex conjugate poles
Authors: Sohrabi Zahra , Jannesari Abumoslem
Published: July 2016

This paper proposes a discrete‐time charge domain filter that achieves complex conjugate poles in the transfer function of the filter. To achieve complex conjugate poles, local feedbacks are inserted around two successive discrete‐time integrators. The feedback path is implemented through a transconductance cell which applies a continuous time current into the integrators. Analytical models have been proposed to approximate the behavior of the filter. These models confirm that the structure is capable of realizing complex poles and thus can be used to synthesize any type of filter structures such as Butterworth, Chebysheve, etc. To show the effectiveness of the proposed architecture, Butterworth filters of order 2 and 4 operating at 50MS/s are designed and implemented in 180‐nm CMOS technology with 1.8‐V power supply. The effect of circuit nonidealities on the performance of the filter is analyzed and verified through simulations. Simulation results show that a conventional charge domain filter can be simply extended to implement complex conjugate poles while the noise and linearity performance of the filter are also improved. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of a mammary myofibroblastoma: A case report on the role of immunohistochemistry and cell block preparations and a review of the literature
Authors: Fügen Aker , Elif Sayman , Gülistan Gümrükçü , Meryem Doğan , Günay Gürleyik
Published: July 2016

Myofibroblastoma (MFB) is a benign tumor of the mammary stroma with predominant myofibroblastic differention. The cytologic reports of MFB are very few in the available literature. From the cytodiagnostic point of view about 21 cases of MFB with cytological evaluation by fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) have been encountered in the English‐language literature: A 35‐year‐old woman presented with lump in the left breast. FNAC showed mild degree of pleomorphism with occasional groups with fibrous stroma and tumoral cells. A few benign epithelial cell groups were seen. Hematoxylin–eosin‐stained sections of cell block preparation from the aspirate showed fascicles of spindle cells forming whorl structures. Three months later, excision biopsy was performed. The diagnosis was a classic variant of MFB. On immunohistochemical examination, sections were found to be highly positive for vimentin, CD34, and bcl‐ 2. In light of these findings, cell block material was retrospectively reviewed both morphologically and immunhistochemically. The findings of resection and cell block material were found to be very similar. MFB may cause a potential diagnostic pitfall while interpreting FNAC due to its wide differential diagnosis spectrum. We concluded that cytology and cell block findings complement each other. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:1064–1069. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ultrasound guided FNA of thyroid performed by cytopathologists enhances Bethesda diagnostic value
Authors: Wu Maoxin , Choi YoonSun , Zhang Zesong , Si Quisheng , Salem Fadi , Szporn Arnold , Zhang David , Burstein David , Teng Marita , Miles Brett A. , Genden Eric
Published: July 2016

Background

Ultrasound (US) guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of thyroid are examined and reported by cytopathologists based usually on The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BTC) regardless of the procedure's performers. This study is designed to determine whether there is any performer‐dependent difference.

Methods

Six hundred and fifty‐one thyroid US‐FNAs in correlation with surgical follow‐up (SFU) were studied. The statistical analysis was performed using the surgical pathology diagnosis as the gold standard.

Results

Among the 283 cases performed by cytopathologists, there were 8 (2.8%) nondiagnostic (BTC I), 197 (69.6%) benign (BTC II), 31 (11%) atypical (BTC III), 14 (5%) suspicious for follicular neoplasm (BTC IV), 12 (4.2%) suspicious for malignancy (BTC V), and 21 (7.4%) positive for malignancy (BTC VI), and there were 55 (19.4%) cases with SFU. The 368 cases performed by others showed 76 (21%) BTC I, 238 (65%) BTC II, 26 (7%) BTC III, 10 (3%) BTC IV, 9 (2.5%) BTC V 5, and 9 (2.5%) BTC VI, and there were 26 (7%) cases with SFU. The cytopathologist group achieved better sensitivity (91.3 vs.78%); slightly better specificity (83.3 vs. 82%); better positive predictive value (87.5 vs. 70%); similar negative predictive value (88.2 vs. 88%); and better overall accuracy (87.8 vs. 81%) compared with the non‐cytopathologist group. Overall the difference for all statistical values is significant different (P = 0.041).

Conclusion

US‐FNA performed by cytopathologists showed a lower unsatisfactory rate and significantly better overall statistical values. Cytopathologists may play an important role in thyroid patient care. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:787–791. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.