bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RISMiCal: A software package to perform fastRISM/3D‐RISMcalculations
Authors: Maruyama Yutaka , Yoshida Norio
Published: March 2024

Solvent plays an essential role in a variety of chemical, physical, and biological processes that occur in the solution phase. The reference interaction site model (RISM) and its three‐dimensional extension (3D‐RISM) serve as powerful computational tools for modeling solvation effects in chemical reactions, biological functions, and structure formations. We present the RISM integrated calculator (RISMiCal) program package, which is based on RISM and 3D‐RISM theories with fast GPU code. RISMiCal has been developed as an integrated RISM/3D‐RISM program that has interfaces with external programs such as Gaussian16, GAMESS, and Tinker. Fast 3D‐RISM programs for single‐ and multi‐GPU codes written in CUDA would enhance the availability of these hybrid methods because they require the performance of many computationally expensive 3D‐RISM calculations. We expect that our package can be widely applied for chemical and biological processes in solvent. The RISMiCal package is available athttps://rismical-dev.github.io.
McLaughlin technique and humeral grafting provide similar results for treatment of reverse Hill–Sachs lesions: A systematic review
Authors: Buda Matteo , Coco Vito , Grassi Alberto , Filanti Mattia , Musiani Costanza , Solaro Luca , Guerra Enrico , Romagnoli Matteo
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Various surgical treatments have been described for the treatment of reverse Hill–Sachs lesions (rHSls) sized between 20% and 50% in the case of posterior shoulder dislocation. The aim of this systematic review is to report the clinical and radiological outcomes of subscapularis or lesser tuberosity transfer (McLaughlin and modified procedures) compared to bone or osteochondral autograft or allograft.

Methods

A systematic review was performed on five medical databases up to December 2022. The inclusion criteria were clinical studies of all levels of evidence describing clinical or radiological outcomes of either procedure. The assessment of the quality of evidence was performed with the Modified Coleman Score.

Results

A total of 14 studies (five prospective and nine retrospective) were included. A total of 153 patients (155 shoulders, 78.4% male) with a mean age of 37.2 (22–79) years were reviewed at an average follow‐up of 53.1 (7.1–294) months. No relevant difference was found for the clinical scores, range of motion, complications and redislocation rate between the two treatments. Radiological osteoarthritis (OA) was reported in 11% (10/87) in the McLaughlin group and in 21% (16/73) in the humeral reconstruction group.

Conclusions

McLaughlin and anatomic humeral reconstruction lead to similar satisfactory clinical results and a low redislocation rate in the treatment of rHSls. Anatomic humeral reconstruction seems associated with an increased risk of OA progression.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Evaluation of microbiome in primary and permanent dentition in grade C periodontitis in young individuals
Authors: Koo Sungeun Stephanie , Fernandes Jussara G. , Li Lu , Huang Hong , Aukhil Ikramuddin , Harrison Peter , Diaz Patricia I. , Shaddox Luciana M.
Published: March 2024

Background

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the subgingival microbiome in patients with grade C molar‐incisor pattern periodontitis (C‐MIP) affecting the primary or permanent dentitions.

Methods

DNA was isolated from subgingival biofilm samples from diseased and healthy sites from 45 C‐MIP patients and subjected to phylogenetic microarray analysis. C‐MIP sites were compared between children affected in the primary to those affected in the permanent dentitions. Within‐subject differences between C‐MIP‐affected sites and dentition‐matched healthy sites were also evaluated.

Results

C‐MIP sites of subjects affected in the primary dentition showed partially overlapping but distinct microbial communities from C‐MIP permanent dentition sites (p < 0.05). Differences were due to increased levels in primary C‐MIP sites of certain species of the genera Capnocytophaga and Leptotrichia, while C‐MIP permanent dentition sites showed higher prevalence of Filifactor alocis. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) was among species seen in high prevalence and levels in both primary and permanent C‐MIP sites. Moreover, both permanent and primary C‐MIP sites showed distinct microbial communities when compared to dentition‐matched healthy sites in the same subject (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Primary and permanent teeth with C‐MIP showed a dysbiotic microbiome, with children affected in the primary dentition showing a distinct profile from those affected in the permanent dentition. However, Aa was enriched in both primary and permanent diseased sites, confirming that this microorganism is implicated in C‐MIP in both dentitions.
Tailoring the physicochemical properties of starch: impact of integrated ultrasonic and ethanol pretreatment on the oil uptake of infrared fried ginkgo seeds
Authors: Su Ya , Chen Ying , Sun Menglin , Ren Aiqing , Li Jianlin , Liu Zhenbin , Zheng Tiesong
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

The structural changes of starch would have a more crucial impact on oil absorption and quality changes in starch‐rich fruits and vegetables during frying process with enhanced heat transfer (such as infrared frying). In the present study, the influence of integrated ultrasonic and ethanol (US + ethanol) pretreatment on oil uptake in infrared fried (IF) ginkgo seeds was evaluated regarding modifications in the physicochemical properties of starch. The pretreatment was performed with ultrasonic (40 kHz, 300 W) and ethanol osmotic (95%, v/v) treatment individually or integrated for 40 min.

RESULTS

The mass transfer in the pretreatment was facilitated by combined ultrasound and ethanol. The swelling power, solubility, and gelatinization degree of starch was significantly increased. Low‐frequency‐NMR curves and images revealed that the bound water fraction in ginkgo seeds was increased and the water distribution was homogenized. The results of Fourier transform‐infrared spectrum and differential scanning calorimeter revealed that the crystalline regions of starch were reduced and the thermal enthalpy was decreased after US + ethanol pretreatment. The total, surface and structural oil content in IF ginkgo seeds with US + ethanol pretreatment was reduced by 29.10%, 34.52% and 29.73%, respectively. The US + ethanol pretreatment led to a thinner crust layer with increased porosity and smaller‐sized pores in the IF ginkgo seeds as observed by stereo microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.

CONCLUSION

The changes in structural and physicochemical properties of starch by combined ultrasound and ethanol affect the crust ratio and pore characteristics in fried high‐starch fruits and vegetables, thereby reducing oil absorption. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
High‐throughput extraction and automatic purification of alternariol from edible and medicinal herbs based on aptamer‐functionalized magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Yang Ruiqi , Zhao Liping , Wang Fengchao , Chen Jin , Ma Xiao , Luan Yunxia , Kong Weijun
Published: March 2024

Mycotoxin contamination is widespread in plants and herbs, posing serious threats to the consumer and human health. Of them, alternariol (AOH) has attracted great attention as an “emerging” mycotoxin in medicinal herbs. However, a specific and high‐throughput extraction method for AOH is currently lacking. Thus, developing an efficient pre‐treatment technique for AOH detection is extremely vital. Here, a novel automated magnetic solid‐phase extraction method was proposed for the highly efficient extraction of AOH. Combining the aptamer‐functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (AMNPs) and the automatic purification instrument, AOH could be extracted in medicinal herbs in high throughput (20 samples) and a short time (30 min). The main parameters affecting extraction were optimized, and the method was finally carried out by incubation AMNPs with 3 mL of sample solution for 10 min, and then desorption in 75% methanol for liquid‐phase detection. Under optimal conditions, good reproducibility, stability, and selectivity were realized with an adsorption capacity of 550.84 ng/mg. AOH extraction in three edible herbs showed good resistance to matrix interference with recovery rates from 86% to 111%. In combination with AMNPs and the automatic purification instrument, high‐throughput and labor‐free extraction of AOH in different complex matrices was achieved, which could be extended in other complex matrices.
Optimised fast‐track protocols in total knee arthroplasty determine shorter hospitalisation time and lower perioperative/postoperative complications
Authors: Compagnoni Riccardo , Puglia Francesco , Magnani Mauro , Klumpp Raymond , Ferrua Paolo , Calanna Filippo , Minoli Carlo Francesco , Genco Daniele , Menon Alessandra , Randelli Pietro Simone ,   SIAGASCOT Guidelines Working Group
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This literature review aims to present evidence‐based clinical recommendations for the eight most debated topics related to perioperative management in total knee arthroplasty: counselling, prehabilitation, transfusion risk, tranexamic acid, drainage, analgesia, urinary catheter and compression stockings.

Methods

A multidisciplinary team conducted a systematic review on these topics. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines for the literature review and result presentation. The research encompassed articles from 1 January 2009 to 28 February 2023, retrieved through the MEDLINE database via PubMed, Embase database and Cochrane Library.

Results

Forty‐five articles were selected. Preoperative counselling has limited evidence for its impact on postoperative outcomes; yet, it can help alleviate surgery‐related anxiety and manage postoperative symptoms. Prehabilitation can also prepare patients for surgery, reducing hospital stays and improving postsurgery functionality. Numerous studies suggest that preoperative Hb levels are independently linked to transfusion risk, with a recommended level of 13 g/dL. Combining intravenous and local tranexamic acid administration is strongly advised to reduce perioperative blood loss, while drainage after primary total knee arthroplasty offers no functional advantages. Employing a multimodal analgesia approach yields better results with reduced opioid usage. Indwelling urinary catheters provide no benefit and avoiding them can lower the risk of urinary tract infections. As for compression stockings, there is insufficient evidence in the literature to support their efficacy in preventing venous thromboembolism.

Conclusion

The best‐track protocol has demonstrated its efficacy in reducing hospitalisation time and perioperative/postoperative complications. It is success relies on a collaborative, resource‐adaptive approach led by a multidisciplinary team. Both patients and hospitals benefit from this approach, as it enhances care quality and lowers costs. Several studies have highlighted the significance of a patient‐centred approach in achieving high‐quality care. Creating a novel treatment protocol could be a prospective goal in the near future.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Functional knee brace use for 21 h leads to a longer duration to achieve peak vertical ground reaction forces and the removal of the brace after 17.5 h results in faster loading of the knee joint
Authors: Rishiraj Neetu , Taunton Jack E. , Lloyd‐Smith Rob , Regan William , Niven Brian , Woollard Robert
Published: March 2024

Purpose

To investigate the landing strategies used after discontinuing and continuing the use of a functional knee brace (FKB) while performing a drop jump.

Methods

Following published methodology and power analysis, 23 uninjured male athletes, mean age of 19.4 ± 3.0 years, performed seven tests, during three test conditions (nonbraced, braced and removed brace or continued brace use), over 6 days of 12 testing sessions (S) for a total of 38.5 h. Each subject was provided with a custom‐fitted FKB. This study focuses on the single leg drop jump kinetics during S12 when subjects were randomly selected to remove the FKB after 17.5 h or continued use of FKB. The time to peak vertical ground reaction forces (PVGRF) and PVGRF were recorded on landing in eight trials.

Results

After brace removal, a significantly shorter mean time to PVGRF was recorded (9.4 ± 22.9 msec (3.9%), p = 0.005, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): −168.1, 36.1), while continued brace use required a nonsignificant (n.s.) longer mean duration to achieve PVGRF (19.4 ± 53.6 msec (8.9%), n.s., 95% CI: −49.7, 73.4). No significant mean PVGRF difference was found in brace removal (25.3 ± 65.8 N) and continued brace use (25.1 ± 23.0 N).

Conclusion

Removal of FKB after 17.5 h of use led to a significantly shorter time to achieve PVGRF, while continued brace use for 21 h required a longer duration to achieve PVGRF, suggesting faster and slower knee joint loading, respectively. Understanding the concerns associated with the use of FKB and the kinetics of the knee joint will assist clinicians in counselling athletes about the risks and benefits of using an FKB.

Level of Evidence

Level II.
Second‐Harmonic Generation with a 440 000% W−1 Conversion Efficiency in a Lithium Niobate Microcavity without Periodic Poling
Authors: Wu Xiao , Hao Zhenzhong , Zhang Li , Jia Di , Ma Rui , Tao Can , Gao Feng , Bo Fang , Zhang Guoquan , Xu Jingjun
Published: March 2024

Thin‐film lithium niobate (TFLN) enables extremely high‐efficiency second‐order nonlinear optical effects due to large nonlinear coefficient d33 and strong optical field confinement. Here, a pulley‐waveguide‐coupled microring resonator with an intrinsic quality factor above 9.4 × 105 on the reverse‐polarized double‐layer X‐cut TFLN is designed and fabricated. In such a TFLN resonator without fine domain structures, second harmonic generation with a normalized conversion efficiency of 440,000% W−1 with weak pump power, approaching that in periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) microring resonators, and an absolute conversion efficiency of 30% is realized with a sub‐milliwatt continuous pump. This work reduces the dependence of high‐efficiency nonlinear frequency conversion on PPLN microcavities that are difficult to prepare.
Programmable Liquid Crystal Defects and Dynamically Manipulation with Mechanical Stress
Authors: Yu Haibo , Zhang Songyu , Liu Xuan , Sun Peizhi , Luo Duanbin , Zheng Zhi‐Gang
Published: March 2024

Manual intervention in the self‐assembly of soft matter to obtain a desired defect structure is a complex but significant project. Specifically, the flow and optical properties of liquid crystal (LC) materials have become the most important platform for studying topological structures in ordered physical systems. The regulation of liquid crystals (LCs) is largely limited to established means such as temperature, electric field, magnetic field, etc., however, a new effective strategy by mechanical stress is desirable but elusive. Here, using disclination controlled by stress, topologically continuous superstructure is generated to apply to touch display and wideband vector beam generator. This work demonstrates a new approach for direct controllable manipulation of disclination, unlocking the long‐sought full potential of topological defect, thus paving the way for optical and dynamic applications.
Photoresponse Enhancement in MAPbI3/Si Heterojunction Through P(VDF‐TrFE) Doping and Introducing Pyro‐Phototronic Effect
Authors: Guo Siyang , Zhang Guojuan , Wang Qing , Zhang Tao , Wang Shufang , Li Liang , Qiao Shuang
Published: March 2024

The photovoltaic effect and pyro‐phototronic effect offer a promising approach to enhance self‐powered photodetectors (PDs) performance. However, further investigation is warranted to explore the performance improvement, the impact of pyroelectric effect, and the underlying coupling mechanism. In this study, heterojunction PDs consisting of ITO/CH3NH3(MA)PbI3:P(VDF‐TrFE)/Si are prepared, with P(VDF‐TrFE) concentration varying from 0 to 1 wt.%. The results reveal that the concentration of P(VDF‐TrFE) has a significant impact on the photovoltaic response, with the optimal concentration being 0.8 wt.%. The PD displays a broadband response (405–1064 nm) at zero bias, peaking at 780 nm. Furthermore, the introduction of P(VDF‐TrFE) significantly enhances the responsivity (R) and detectivity (D), resulting in a remarkable increase of 5814%. The values of R and D reach 1.93 × 104 V W−1 and 1.99 × 1012 Jones, respectively. Moreover, the PD demonstrates an ultrafast response time of 81.6/208 µs. Additionally, the pyro‐phototronic effect extends the response wavelength to 1550 nm, surpassing the spectral limit of the heterojunction. Importantly, the heterojunction exhibits improved weak light detection ability. At 6.37 µW cm−2 intensity, R and D show an impressive increase of 21 683%, reaching 8.99 × 104 V W−1 and 9.3 × 1013 Jones, respectively.
Characterization of dual curves using the theory of infinitesimal bending
Authors: Najdanović Marija S.
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we generalize the main ideas and statements of the theory of infinitesimal bending in Euclidean 3‐space
to dual curves in the dual 3‐space
. The basic condition we introduce is the invariance of the dual arc length with appropriate precision. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the dual field to be an infinitesimal bending field are given. Some useful formulas and facts about dual arc length and dual bending field are obtained. An explicit characterization of the dual spherical curve bending is presented, and the corresponding infinitesimal bending field is decomposed into dual vectors of the dual Frenet frame. Finally, some examples are given to illustrate our results.
Meta‐atom design and communication prototype for wideband reconfigurable intelligent surface
Authors: Liu Yuan , Zhang Hongtao , Deng Li
Published: March 2024

Existing research on reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) has mainly focused on narrowband applications due to limitations in programmable metasurfaces and field prototype realization. This letter introduces a wideband RIS meta‐atom consisting of a single‐layer frequency selective surface supported by a dogbone‐shaped patch, ensuring a stable linear phase interval around the resonant frequency. A RIS communication prototype is constructed to evaluate its phase bandwidth upper limit and fundamental bandwidth properties. An equivalent circuit model is derived to predesign the wideband RIS meta‐atom, controlled by a varactor, and experimental validation in an anechoic chamber confirms its large bandwidth. Additionally, a wideband RIS‐assisted self‐contained prototype is demonstrated to illustrate the bandwidth characteristics and link gain enhancement at a system level. Test results indicate a researched bandwidth of up to 19.65%, with the 1‐bit RIS board achieving a 3‐dB gain bandwidth of about 8.62%.
An arrayable low‐profile antenna with a broad bandwidth
Authors: Li RongLin , Li Wang , Lin Song , Cui Yuehui
Published: March 2024

An arrayable dual‐polarized antenna is proposed in this paper, which exhibits a low profile and broad bandwidth. A metasurface and a square ring are introduced to realize the broadband operation of the low‐profile dual‐polarized antenna. The total size of the broadband antenna is (where is the wavelength at the lowest frequency of the operation band [1.31  GHz] in free space), suitable for use as an element of an antenna array. Four elements of the proposed antenna are arrayed to develop an array to demonstrate its application for the base station. The measured impedance bandwidth (return loss >10 dB) of the array is about 70% (1.31–2.74 GHz). Stable radiation patterns are obtained with an average gain of 14 dBi.
An individual participant meta‐analysis of mirabegron in multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury
Authors: Welk Blayne , Krhut Jan , Sýkora Radek
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Our objective was to conduct an individual patient data meta‐analysis (IPDMA) of the two published randomized placebo‐controlled trials of mirabegron in people with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) due to spinal cord injury (SCI) or multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods

We identified two randomized, placebo‐controlled trials. We extracted individual patient data from the trials and evaluated two primary outcomes: change in maximum cystometric capacity and change in the patient perception of bladder condition (PPBC). We also evaluated several secondary outcomes related to urodynamic function and quality of life. We conducted three exploratory analyses to test hypotheses based on our clinical experiences with mirabegron in NLUTD. Analysis of covariance with adjustment for baseline values was used for the statistical analysis.

Results

Our IPDMA included 98 patients from the two trials. The results showed that mirabegron was associated with a significant improvement in maximum cystometric capacity (+41 mL, p = 0.04) and in the PPBC (−0.8, p < 0.01) compared to placebo. Secondary outcomes including peak neurogenic detrusor overactivity pressure (−20 cm H2O, p < 0.01), incontinence‐QOL score (+12, p < 0.01), and 24 h pad weights (−79 g, p = 0.04) also improved significantly compared to placebo. Exploratory analyses found similar improvements in people with MS and SCI; some outcomes improved to a greater degree among people with incomplete SCI, or SCIs that were below T7.

Conclusions

Our IPDMA provides evidence supporting the use of mirabegron in patients with NLUTD due to SCI or MS. Further work evaluating differential responses in people with different SCI lesion characteristics may be warranted.
Value of the modified Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment in indicating the need for nutrition intervention and predicting overall survival in patients with malignant tumors in at least two organs
Authors: Chong Feifei , Huo Zhenyu , Yin Liangyu , Liu Jie , Li Na , Guo Jing , Fan Yang , Zhang Mengyuan , Zhang Ling , Lin Xin , Chen Junqiang , Zhou Chunling , Li Suyi , Zhou Fuxiang , Yao Qinghua , Guo Zengqing , Weng Min , Liu Ming , Li Tao , Li Zengning , Cui Jiuwei , Li Wei , Shi Hanping , Guo Wei , Xu Hongxia ,   the Investigation on Nutrition Status and Clinical Outcome of Common Cancers (INSCOC) Group
Published: March 2024

Background

Although the Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG‐SGA) is a reference standard used to assess a patient's nutrition status, it is cumbersome to administer. The aim of the present study was to estimate the value of a simpler and easier‐to‐use modified PG‐SGA (mPG‐SGA) to evaluate the nutrition status and need for intervention in patients with malignant tumors present in at least two organs.

Methods

A total of 591 patients (343 male and 248 female) were included from the INSCOC study. A Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to assess the correlation between the mPG‐SGA and nutrition‐related factors, with the optimal cut‐off defined by a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). The consistency between the mPG‐SGA and PG‐SGA was compared in a concordance analysis. A survival analysis was used to determine the effects of nutritional intervention among different nutrition status groups. Univariable and multivariable Cox analyses were applied to evaluate the association of the mPG‐SGA with the all‐cause mortality.

Results

The mPG‐SGA showed a negative association with nutrition‐related factors. Individuals with an mPG‐SGA ≥ 5 (rounded from 4.5) were considered to need nutritional intervention. Among the malnourished patients (mPG‐SGA ≥ 5), the overall survival (OS) of those who received nutrition intervention was significantly higher than that of patients who did not. However, the OS was not significantly different in the better‐nourished patients (mPG‐SGA < 5).

Conclusion

Our findings support that the mPG‐SGA is a feasible tool that can be used to guide nutritional interventions and predict the survival of patients with malignant tumors affecting at least two organs.
Cross‐linked Triblock Peptide Capsules as Potential Oxygen Carriers
Authors: Feng Huayang , Linders Jürgen , Cantore Miriam , Fabrizi Jonas , Kirsten Annika , Myszkowska Sascha , Hillen Eva , Uteschil Florian , Buchholz Sebastian , Hermsen Andrea , Garvin Maria Davila , Ferenz Katja Bettina , Mayer Christian
Published: March 2024

Perfluorodecalin (PFD)‐filled capsules have been studied for over 15 years as artificial oxygen carriers. However, none of these capsules combines good biocompatibility, good mechanical stability and dispersion stability. Here we propose to use synthetic triblock peptides containing a central block of cysteine units as a cross‐linking shell material for capsules with both good biocompatibility and stability. Together with outer aspartate units and inner phenylalanine units, the resulting amphiphilic triblock peptides can encapsulate PFD efficiently to prepare capsules with a suitable diameter, a certain mechanical strength, a large diffusion constant, fast gas exchange rates, and little cytotoxicity. Given the above advantages, these PFD‐filled peptide capsules are very promising as potential artificial oxygen carriers.
Clinical Utility of Machine Learning Methods Using Regression Models for Diagnosing Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Hatsukawa Hiroatsu , Ishikawa Masaaki
Published: March 2024

Objective

Machine learning methods using regression models can predict actual values of histological eosinophil count from blood eosinophil levels. Therefore, these methods might be useful for diagnosing eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis, but their utility still remains unclear. We compared 2 statistical approaches, and investigated the utility of machine learning methods for diagnosing eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis.

Study Design

Retrospective study.

Setting

Medical center.

Methods

Data, including eosinophilic levels, obtained from blood and sinonasal samples of 264 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (257 with and 57 without nasal polyps) were analyzed. We determined factors affecting histopathological eosinophil count in regression models. We also investigated optimal cutoff values for blood eosinophil percentages/absolute eosinophil counts (AECs) through receiver operating characteristic curves and machine‐learning methods based on regression models. A histopathological eosinophil count ≥10/high‐power field was defined as eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis.

Results

Blood eosinophil levels, nasal polyp presence, and comorbid asthma were factors affecting histopathological eosinophil count. Cutoffs between the 2 statistical approaches differed in the group with nasal polyps, but not in one without nasal polyps. Machine‐learning methods identified blood eosinophil percentages ≥1% or AEC ≥100/μL as cut‐offs for eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, while ≥6% or ≥400/μL for one without nasal polyps.

Conclusion

Cut‐offs of blood eosinophil levels obtained by machine‐learning methods might be useful when suspecting eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis prior to biopsy because of their ability to adjust covariates, dealing with overfitting, and predicting actual values of histological eosinophil count.
Outdoor air pollution and near‐fatal/fatal asthma attacks in children: A systematic review
Authors: Varghese Deepa , Ferris Kathryn , Lee Bohee , Grigg Jonathan , Pinnock Hilary , Cunningham Steve
Published: March 2024

Background

Globally, observational studies have demonstrated an association between high levels of air pollution and asthma attacks in children. It remains unclear whether and to what extent exposure may be associated with increased near‐fatal/fatal attacks.

Objective

To systematically review the evidence for an association between ambient outdoor air pollution and fatal and/or near‐fatal asthma (NFA).

Methods

Following Cochrane methodology, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Open Grey electronic databases for studies reporting the association of fatal/NFA and air pollution (particulate matter [PM], sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, black carbon and ozone [O3]) in children. NFA was defined as requiring intensive care unit (ICU) management.

Results

Two reviewers independently screened 1358 papers. A total of 276 studies identified asthma attacks related to air pollution, 272 did not meet inclusion criteria after full‐text review. Four observational studies described fatal/NFA, of which three addressed NFA. PM2.5 (per 12.5 µg/m3 increase) and O3 (per 22 ppb increase) were associated with NFA in one study (PM2.5, relative risk: 1.26, confidence interval [CI] [1.10–1.44]), O3 (1.19 [1.01–1.40]). PM10 was associated with ICU admission in the context of thunderstorm asthma. Elemental carbon was associated equally with NFA that did not require an ICU admission (p = 0.67). Studies of fatal asthma including children did not demarcate age within the analysis.

Conclusions

Ozone and PM2.5 have been associated with NFA in children but synthesis is limited by the paucity of studies and methodological heterogeneity. Poor reporting of severities of asthma attacks hinders the assessment of whether outdoor air pollution is associated with an increased number of NFA/fatal attacks in children.
Clinical outcomes at 9–10 years of age in children born with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator related metabolic syndrome
Authors: Carroll Brian J. , Ostrenga Joshua S. , Fink Aliza K. , Antos Nicholas J. , Cromwell Elizabeth A. , Ren Clement L.
Published: March 2024

Background and Objectives

There are limited data on cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator‐related metabolic syndrome (CRMS) outcomes beyond infancy. The goal of this study was to analyze outcomes of infants with CRMS up to the age of 9–10 years using the CF Foundation Patient Registry (CFFPR).

Methods

We analyzed data from the CFFPR for individuals with CF and CRMS born between 2010 and 2020. We classified all patients based on the clinical diagnosis reported by the CF care center and the diagnosis using CFF guideline definitions for CF and CRMS, classifying children into groups based on agreement between clinical report and guideline criteria. Descriptive statistics for the cohort were calculated for demographics, nutritional outcomes, and microbiology for the first year of life and lung function and growth outcomes were summarized for ages 6–10 years.

Results

From 2010 to 2020, there were 8765 children with diagnosis of CF or CRMS entered into the CFFPR with sufficient diagnostic data for classification, of which 7591 children had a clinical diagnosis of CF and 1174 had a clinical diagnosis of CRMS. CRMS patients exhibited normal nutritional indices and pulmonary function up to age 9–10 years. The presence of respiratory bacteria associated with CF, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa from CRMS patients ranged from 2.1% to 9.1% after the first year of life.

Conclusions

Children with CRMS demonstrate normal pulmonary and nutritional outcomes into school age. However, a small percentage of children continue to culture CF‐associated respiratory pathogens after infancy.
Inspired oxygen fraction thresholds to accurately predict surfactant administration in neonatal RDS is gestational age strata: A pragmatic, multi‐center study
Authors: Raimondi Francesco , Dolce Pasquale , Veropalumbo Claudio , Sierchio Enrico , Corsini Iuri , Meneghin Fabio , Lama Silvia , Raschetti Roberto , Varano Silvia , Perri Alessandro , Bonadies Luca , Ojembarrena Almudena Alonso , Fanjul Javier Rodriguez , Hernandez Rebeca Gregorio , Fernandez Lorena Rodeño , Davis Peter G. , Capasso Letizia ,   for the Validate LUS OX group
Published: March 2024

Objective

Current international guidelines on neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) recommend continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) stabilization as primary treatment. Some guidelines recommend surfactant replacement for babies requiring FiO2 > 0.3 regardless of gestational age (GA). We explore the accuracy of alternative inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2) thresholds as early predictors of surfactant replacement in babies stratified by GA.

Study Design

Pragmatic, observational study in 12 Italian and Spanish neonatal intensive care units. This is a secondary analysis of data from two cohorts of preterm babies with RDS, stratified by GA (25°− 276; 28°−306; 31°−336) and stabilized on CPAP. FiO2 was collected soon after stabilization and its accuracy to predict subsequent surfactant administration by a rigorously masked physician was assessed.

Results

We enrolled 412 preterm infants. FiO2 was collected within 2 h of life of life. A cut off of FiO2 > 0.30 failed to identify 50.3% of infants who were later given surfactant by a masked physician. A FiO2 = 0.29 threshold improved sensitivity values to 0.85, 0.79, and 0.61 for the three GA ranges while maintaining specificity of ≥85%. A FiO2 = 0.26 threshold gave sensitivity = 0.83 specificity = 0.79 with GA dependent differences (250−276 sensitivity = 0.90 specificity = 0.80; 280−306 sensitivity = 0.84 specificity = 0.78; 310−336 sensitivity = 0.73 specificity = 0.80).

Conclusions

FiO2 is a GA dependent predictor of early surfactant administration. Its accuracy increases when used at lower levels than currently recommended by international guidelines (236 words).
Characteristics of Stacked GaInN‐Based Red, Green, and Blue Full‐Color Monolithic μLED Arrays Connected via Tunnel Junctions
Authors: Saito Tatsunari , Hasegawa Naoki , Suehiro Yoshinobu , Koide Norikatsu , Takeuchi Tetsuya , Kamiyama Satoshi , Iida Daisuke , Ohkawa Kazuhiro , Iwaya Motoaki
Published: March 2024

The use of μLEDs in self‐luminous displays is crucial for the development of high‐efficiency displays for virtual space services. For this purpose, a stacked monolithic GaInN‐based micro light‐eimtting diodes (μLED) device that emits red, green, and blue (RGB) light is obtained. The RGB layers are connected via tunnel junction (TJ) layers. The pixel density is 330 ppi (35 × 15 μm2 of μLED mesa area corresponding to the emission). The cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy analysis indicates that there is not a significant increase in threading dislocations even after stacking the three RGB active layers and two TJ layers. In addition, the X‐ray diffraction reciprocal lattice space mapping shows that all the layers grow almost coherently with respect to the GaN substrate. A detailed evaluation of the resulting device shows that the BT.2020 color gamut coverage reaches a maximum of 71%, and the luminance is sufficiently high for head‐mounted display applications. Redshifting of the emission wavelength of the red μLEDs by increasing the InN mole fraction in the GaInN active layer would likely lead to improvement of the color gamut coverage in future studies.
Effect and mechanism of quercetin or quercetin‐containing formulas against COVID‐19: From bench to bedside
Authors: Chen Jhong Yuan , Huang Tsung Rung , Hsu Shih Yun , Huang Ching Chun , Wang Huei Syun , Chang Jung San
Published: March 2024

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has caused the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic since 2019. Immunopathogenesis and thromboembolic events are central to its pathogenesis. Quercetin exhibits several beneficial activities against COVID‐19, including antiviral, anti‐inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidative, and antithrombotic effects. Although several reviews have been published, these reviews are incomplete from the viewpoint of translational medicine. The authors comprehensively evaluated the evidence of quercetin against COVID‐19, both basically and clinically, to apply quercetin and/or its derivatives in the future. The authors searched the PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases without any restrictions. The search terms included COVID‐19, SARS‐CoV‐2, quercetin, antiviral, anti‐inflammatory, immunomodulatory, thrombosis, embolism, oxidative, and microbiota. The references of relevant articles were also reviewed. All authors independently screened and reviewed the quality of each included manuscript. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, version 2 (RoB 2) was used to assess the quality of the included randomized controlled trials (RCTs). All selected studies were discussed monthly. The effectiveness of quercetin against COVID‐19 is not solid due to methodological flaws in the clinical trials. High‐quality studies are also required for quercetin‐containing traditional Chinese medicines. The low bioavailability and highly variable pharmacokinetics of quercetin hinder its clinical applications. Its positive impact on immunomodulation through reverting dysbiosis of gut microbiota still lacks robust evidence. Quercetin against COVID‐19 does not have tough clinical evidence. Strategies to improve its bioavailability and/or to develop its effective derivatives are needed. Well‐designed RCTs are also crucial to confirm their effectiveness in the future.
Integrating China's carbon capture, utilization, and storage policy for sustainable development: Insights from content analysis
Authors: Feng Lu , Ren Qiuyu , Ioppolo Giuseppe , Liao Wenjie
Published: March 2024

Insufficient supporting policies jeopardize the role of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) in climate action and energy transition. A few studies have addressed the policy challenges facing CCUS but left policy integration underappreciated. In this article, we analyze the preference for and integration between key elements of China's CCUS policy using policy integration theory and content analysis method that includes a novel three‐dimensional framework. Analysis of 63 CCUS policy documents indicates that China's CCUS policy is not sufficiently comprehensive in including policy implementers and goals, lacks consistency between policy instruments and goals, and is not yet a collaborative system. Finally, we present some implications for addressing the defects in integration of China's CCUS policy: (1) broader incorporation of citizens and non‐governmental organizations, (2) enhanced integration of enterprises, voluntary policy instruments, and economy goal, and (3) enhanced integration of government agencies, compulsory policy instruments, and safety goal.
A DFT Study on the Tautomerization of β‐Alanine
Authors: Yamabe Shinichi , Tsuchida Noriko , Yamazaki Shoko
Published: March 2024

Tautomerization paths of β‐alanine with explicit inclusion of water molecules, (H2O)n, were investigated by DFT calculations, wB97X‐D/6‐311+G(d,p) SCRF=PCM. Structures of zwitterions of the alanine of trans (t−) and gauche (g−) conformations with seven water molecules (n=7) were examined. On the basis of those geometries, elementary processes of the tautomerization were investigated. For the t‐conformer of β‐alanine, reaction models of n=8, 10, 14, 18 and 24 were scrutinized. While reaction processes are slightly modified with different number of water molecules, n=18 and 24 models afforded three elementary reactions, t‐alanine with cis‐COOH→t‐ion pair→t‐alanine with trans‐COOH→t‐zwitterion. The (H2O)4 hydrogen‐bonded chain participates in the reactions. For the g‐conformer, models of n=7, 10, 14 and 18 were investigated, and the tautomerization was found to take place concertedly via (H2O)2.
Synthesis, Solvatochromic Studies, DFT Calculations, Characterization, and In Silico Molecular Docking Studies of Azo Dyes of 3‐Methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐amine
Authors: Shakuntala R. B. , Keshavayya J. , Pampapathi S.
Published: March 2024

In this work, the four azo dyes (A1–A4) were synthesized using 5‐amino‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl pyrazole with four different coupling components by the conventional, simple diazo‐coupling method. These synthesized azo molecules were confirmed by various spectroscopic methods viz, FT‐IR spectra, HR‐MS spectra, 1H NMR spectra, and 13C NMR spectra. The electronic absorption and fluorescence spectra of synthesized azo compounds were recorded at room temperature, with different solvents. The DFT calculations were performed using 6‐311++G (d, p) basis set to evaluate the global reactive parameters of the synthesized azo dyes. The anti‐microbial activities were studied; the compound A1 exhibited a good antibacterial and anti‐fungal activities. The study of in silico molecular docking of the azo compounds revealed that all the compounds found to possess were extraordinary binding affinity as compared to the standards. The anti‐tuberculosis study was carried against mycobacterium tuberculosis and the results have shown that, the compound A2 showed good sensitivity to the studied azo compounds.
Erythrocyte Membrane Camouflaged Nanotheranostics for Optical Molecular Imaging‐Escorted Self‐Oxygenation Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Wan Yilin , Li Chunying , Fu Lian‐Hua , Feng Ting , Zhang Yifan , Li Youyan , Lin Jing , Huang Peng , Cui Da‐Xiang
Published: March 2024

Hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) hampers the application of oxygen (O2)‐dependent photodynamic therapy (PDT) in solid tumors. To address this problem, a biomimetic nanotheranostics (named MMCC@EM) is developed for optical molecular imaging‐escorted self‐oxygenation PDT. MMCC@EM is synthesized by encapsulating chlorin e6 (Ce6) and catalase (CAT) in metal–organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles with erythrocyte membrane (EM) camouflage. Based on the biomimetic properties of EM, MMCC@EM efficiently accumulates in tumor tissues. The enriched MMCC@EM achieves TME‐activatable drug release, thereby releasing CAT and Ce6, and this process can be monitored through fluorescence (FL) imaging. In addition, endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) will be decomposed by CAT to produce O2, which can be reflected by the measurement of intratumoral oxygen concentration using photoacoustic (PA) imaging. Such self‐oxygenation nanotheranostics effectively mitigate tumor hypoxia and improve the generation of singlet oxygen (1O2). The 1O2 disrupts mitochondrial function and triggers caspase‐3‐mediated cellular apoptosis. Furthermore, MMCC@EM triggers immunogenic cell death (ICD) effect, leading to an increased infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) into tumor tissues. As a result, MMCC@EM exhibits good therapeutic effects in 4T1‐tumor bearing mice under the navigation of FL/PA duplex imaging.
Multifunctional Liposomes Targeting Amyloid‐β Oligomers for Early Diagnosis and Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Senapati Sudipta , Tripathi Kuldeep , Awad Khadeja , Rahimipour Shai
Published: March 2024

Early detection and treatment are crucial for Alzheimer's disease (AD) management. Current diagnostic and therapeutic methods focus on late‐stage amyloid fibrils and plaques, overlooking toxic soluble amyloid β oligomers (AβOs) accumulating early in AD. A multifunctional liposome‐based platform is designed for early diagnosis and therapy of AD, leveraging a novel self‐assembled cyclic d,l‐α‐peptide (CP‐2) that selectively targets AβOs. Biocompatible CP‐2 conjugated liposomes (CP‐2‐LPs) effectively disrupt Aβ aggregation and mitigate Aβ‐mediated toxicity in human neuroblastoma cells. In transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans AD models, CP‐2‐LPs significantly outperformed free CP‐2 by improving cognitive and behavioral functions, extending lifespan, and reducing toxic AβO levels. Intravenous injection of fluorescently labeled CP‐2‐LPs reveals effective blood‐brain barrier penetration, with significantly higher brain fluorescence in transgenic mice than WT, enabling precise diagnosis. These findings underscore CP‐2‐LPs as a valuable tool for early detection and targeted therapy in AD.
Strain Engineering of Cd0.5Zn0.5S Nanocrystal for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Wasted Plastic
Authors: Meng Ningjing , Li Mingjie , Yu Zebin , Sun Lei , Lian Cuifang , Mo Rongli , Jiang Ronghua , Huang Jun , Hou Yanping
Published: March 2024

The challenge of synthesizing nanocrystal photocatalysts with adjustable lattice strain for effective waste‐to‐energy conversion is addressed in this study. Cd0.5Zn0.5S (CZS) nanocrystals are synthesized by a simple solvothermal method, regulation of the ratio between N, N‐dimethylformamide, and water solvent are shown to provoke expansion and contraction, inducing an adjustable lattice strain ranging from −1.2% to 5.6%. With the hydrolyzed wasted plastic as a sacrificial agent, the 5.6% lattice‐strain CZS exhibited a robust hydrogen evolution activity of 1.09 mmol m−2 h−1 (13.83 mmol g−1 h−1), 4.5 times that of pristine CZS. Characterizations and density functional theory calculation demonstrated that lattice expansion increases the spatial distance between the valence band maximum and conduction band minimum, thus reducing carrier recombination and promoting charge transfer. Additionally, lattice expansion induces surface S vacancies and adsorbed OH groups, further enhancing redox reactions. This study focuses on the synchronous regulation of crystal structure, charge separation/transport, and surface reactions through lattice strain engineering, which providing a reference for the rational design of new photocatalysts for effective waste‐to‐energy conversion.
Constructing a Comprehensive Nanopattern Library through Morphological Transitions of Block Copolymer Surface Micelles via Direct Solvent Immersion
Authors: Bae Seokyoung , Kim Dong Hyup , Kim So Youn
Published: March 2024

This study establishes a comprehensive library of nanopatterns achievable by a single block copolymer (BCP), ranging from spheres to complex structures like split micelles, flower‐like clusters, toroids, disordered micelle arrays, and unspecified unique shapes. The ordinary nanostructures of polystyrene‐b‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine) (PS‐b‐P2VP) surface micelles deposited on a SiOx surface undergo a unique morphology transformation when immersed directly in solvents. Investigating parameters such as immersion solvents, BCP molecular weight, substrate interactions, and temperature, this work reveals the influence of these parameters on the thermodynamics and kinetics governing the morphology transformation. Additionally, the practical application of BCP nanopattern templates for fabricating metal nanostructures through direct solvent immersion of surface micelles is demonstrated. This approach offers an efficient and effective method for producing diverse nanostructures, with the potential to be employed in nanolithography, catalysts, electronics, membranes, plasmonics, and photonics.
Constructing Nano‐Heterostructure with Dual‐Site to Boost H2O2 Activation and Regulate the Transformation of Free Radicals
Authors: Shang Denghui , Wang Siyu , Li Jialu , Zhan Sihui , Hu Wenping , Li Yi
Published: March 2024

A major issue with Fenton‐like reaction is the excessive consumption of H2O2 caused by the sluggish regeneration rate of low‐valent metal, and how to improve the activation efficiency of H2O2 has become a key in current research. Herein, a nano‐heterostructure catalyst (1.0‐MnCu/C) based on nano‐interface engineering is constructed by supporting Cu and MnO on carbon skeleton, and its kinetic rate for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride is 0.0436 min−1, which is 2.9 times higher than that of Cu/C system (0.0151 min−1). The enhancement of removal rate results from the introduced Mn species can aggregate and transfer electrons to Cu sites through the electron bridge Mn−N/O−Cu, thus preventing Cu2+ from oxidizing H2O2 to form O2•−, and facilitating the reduction of Cu2+ and generating more reactive oxygen species (1O2 and ·OH) with stronger oxidation ability, resulting in H2O2 utilization efficiency is 1.9 times as much as that of Cu/C. Additionally, the good and stable practical application capacity in different bodies demonstrates that it has great potential for practical environmental remediation.