bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observations and modelling of the winter thunderstorm on 4 February 2022 at the Milešovka meteorological observatory
Authors: Popová Jana , Sokol Zbynek , Wang Pao , Svoboda Jaroslav
Published: September 2023

The study analyses a winter thunderstorm that passed over the Milešovka meteorological observatory on 4 February 2022, between 2300 and 2330 UTC. Lightning was recorded directly over the observatory by both the observer and the EUCLID lightning network at 2320 UTC. To analyse the state of the atmosphere at the time when the lightning occurred, we used data from the X‐band Doppler polarimetric radar and the Ka‐band Doppler polarimetric vertical profiler, both located at the observatory. We also applied data from the Meteosat Second Generation satellite, and data from standard meteorological instruments located at the observatory. In addition, we run our cloud electrification model to simulate cloud electrification of the winter thunderstorm to find out whether the model develops conditions suitable for the occurrence of lightning and if so, under what circumstances. Our results show that the lightning appeared at the very end of the storm passage defined by high radar reflectivity. At the same time, it is clear from the radar observations that before lightning occurred, the cloud contained hydrometeors (graupel, cloud or rain water, and ice or snow) which are commonly associated with charge separation by collisions. Our analysis of the radar data also suggests that in at least several parts of the cloud the electric field was strong. Although the cloud top height was very low compared to summer storms, the model results indicate conditions suitable for lightning occurrence. However, uncertainty remains on how to properly formulate the initial conditions for model simulations for this type of storm which was shallow and occurs rarely in winter.
Asymptotic output tracking in a class of non‐minimum phase nonlinear systems via learning‐based inversion
Authors: Kim Namguk , Shim Hyungbo
Published: September 2023

Asymptotic output tracking of non‐minimum phase (NMP) nonlinear systems has been a popular topic in control theory and applications. Many approaches have focused on finding solutions under minimal assumptions either in the target system or desired trajectories, as there is no general solution available. In this article, we propose a practical and simple solution for cases where the reference trajectory is periodic in time. Our approach employs a learning‐based scheme to iteratively determine the desired feedforward input. Unlike previous learning‐based frameworks, our method only requires the output tracking error to update the feedforward input iteratively and can be applicable to NMP systems. Our method retains the key advantages of the learning‐based framework, including robustness to parameter uncertainties and periodic disturbances. We evaluate the effectiveness of our algorithm using simulation results with an inverted pendulum on a cart, a typical NMP nonlinear system.
Design and Construction of Carbon‐Coated Fe3O4/Cr2O3 Heterostructures Nanoparticles as High‐Performance Anodes for Lithium Storage
Authors: Liu Huan , Zhang Weibin , Wang Weili , Han Guifang , Zhang Jingde , Zhang Shiwei , Wang Jianchuan , Du Yong
Published: September 2023

Transition metal oxides, highly motivated anodes for lithium‐ion batteries due to high theoretical capacity, typically afflict by inferior conductivity and significant volume variation. Architecting heterogeneous structures with distinctive interfacial features can effectively regulate the electronic structure to favor electrochemical properties. Herein, an engineered carbon‐coated nanosized Fe3O4/Cr2O3 heterostructure with multiple interfaces is synthesized by a facile sol–gel method and subsequent heat treatment. Such ingenious components and structural design deliver rapid Li+ migration and facilitate charge transfer at the heterogeneous interface. Simultaneously, the strong coupling synergistic interactions between Fe3O4, Cr2O3, and carbon layers establish multiple interface structures and built‐in electric fields, which accelerate ion/electron transport and effectively eliminate volume expansion. As a result, the multi‐interface heterostructure, as a lithium‐ion battery anode, exhibits superior cycling stability maintaining a reversible capacity of 651.2 mAh g−1 for 600 cycles at 2 C. The density functionaltheory calculations not only unravel the electronic structure of the modulation but also illustrate favorable lithium‐ion adsorption kinetics. This multi‐interface heterostructure strategy offers a pathway for the development of advanced alkali metal‐ion batteries.
Mechanism and Solution of Overcharge Effect in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Li Rong , Zeng Yujia , Song Lei , Lv Junlin , Wang Chao , Zhou Changan , Cai Shangchen , Chen Ting , Yue Shuwen , Ma Kui , Yue Hairong
Published: September 2023

Increasing the sulfur cathode load is an important method for promoting the commercialization of lithium–sulfur batteries. However, there is a common problem of overcharging in high‐loading experiments, which is rarely reported. In this work, it is believed that an insulating layer of S8 forms on the current collector surface, hindering electron exchange with polysulfides. Continuous external current input during layer formation can cause irreversible electrode changes and overcharging. The general solution is to provide nucleation centers with adsorption sites to promote the 3D growth of the insulated S8, thus avoiding overcharging. In this work,  a solution is proposed by providing nucleation centers by gallium nitrate, by regulating the 3D growth of S8 away from the surface of the current collector to avoid overcharging and by improving battery performance.
Ultrathin Space‐Shift Phase‐Coherent Cancellation Metasurface for Broadband Sound Absorption
Authors: Ma Fuyin , Zhang Hao , Wang Xingzhong , Liu Chongrui , Wu Jiu Hui
Published: September 2023

A space‐shift phase‐coherent cancellation acoustic metasurface is developed, which can achieve broadband low‐frequency sound absorption via ultra‐thin integrated structure composed of multiple units with weak absorption capability. Through a space‐shift design of the channel length, the large‐size required in the thickness direction for low‐frequency absorption is transferred into an extremely ultra‐thin space layer. The units with gradient channel length are compactly arranged in an ultra‐thin layer through space folding, a coplanar sound absorption metasurface component with working bandwidth exceeding an octave and thickness of only λ/25 to λ/57 is obtained. As the construction of a special double‐hole “bridge” layout, even if the elements are sparsely distributed, strong coupling interactions between the units can sustain. When a certain local phase relationship is satisfied, the coherent cancellation of sound energy can be achieved, so as to reduce the sound reflection and scattering, and enhance the absorption performance. Therefore, from the perspective of phase relationship among units, the present work provides more clear physical image and intuitive theoretical explanation for achieving excellent broadband sound absorption through parallel superposition of multiple units with weak absorption capability. The proposed ultra‐thin sound absorbing metasurface can satisfy the thickness limitations and absorption performance requirements in most equipment.
Silver Metallization with Controlled Etch Stop Using SiOx Layers in Passivating Contacts for Improved Silicon Solar Cell Performance
Authors: Glatthaar Raphael , Schmidt Franz-Philipp , Hammud Adnan , Lunkenbein Thomas , Okker Tobias , Huster Frank , Seren Sven , Cela Greven Beatriz , Hahn Giso , Terheiden Barbara
Published: September 2023

Metallization of polycrystalline‐silicon/silicon oxide (poly‐Si/SiOx) passivating contacts with fire‐through silver paste is a crucial process for implementation of passivating contacts in industrial manufacturing of solar cells. For a microscopic understanding of the metallization process, the contact forming interface between the Ag crystallites and the poly‐Si layer is investigated with high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. For this purpose, multilayer atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition poly‐Si samples with a SiOx layer between the individual poly‐Si layers are fabricated, screen printed with a lead‐free Ag paste, and contact fired. Electron micrographs show that in this process the etching of the paste and the subsequent Ag crystallite formation is stopped by this interface with the SiOx layer. Additionally, energy‐dispersive X‐Ray mapping reveals the presence of an oxide layer around the Ag crystallites. This finding differs significantly from well‐investigated classical cell concepts with contact formation on diffused crystalline silicon. Moreover, an analysis of the Ag crystallite orientation in correlation to the neighboring Si crystallite orientation indicates no direct relationship. Finally, it is shown that the use of this multilayer approach is favorable for integration into a solar cell concept leading to a higher passivation quality at the metallized area and lower contact resistivity.
Study of the Heat‐Induced Degradation Mechanism in PbI2‐Excess Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: He Yulu , Islam Muhammad Monirul , Tangara Hamidou , Karim Md. Abdul , Kayesh Md. Emrul , Chowdhury Towhid Hossain , Sakurai Takeaki , Islam Ashraful
Published: September 2023

The photodecomposition of PbI2 in the perovskite halide structure has been identified as a primary reason for the rapid degradation of metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) under continuous illumination. In particular, excess PbI2 on the surface of perovskite films reduces the stability of PSCs via several mechanisms that are still unelucidated. Herein, the influence of excess PbI2 on PSCs is investigated by varying the Au deposition rate, which results in different temperatures during the fabrication of PSCs, and then they are compared with stoichiometric PSCs. It is demonstrated that the anion exchange of Br− in perovskite and I− in excess PbI2 occurs at the grain boundary and interface of the perovskite layers induced by the high heating temperature, leading to a photoluminescence peak redshift and lower power conversion efficiency. Light illumination accelerates the exchange of Br− and I− between the perovskite layer and excess PbI2 induced by carrier accumulation at the interface and grain boundary, leading to the poor stability of the PSCs.
An Efficient Solution‐Processed Interconnecting Layer for Large‐Area Tandem Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Yang , Xie Cong , Dong Xinyun , Wang Yuanyuan , Wei Wanxia , Feng Kai , Xiong Sixing , Jiang Youyu , Zhou Yinhua
Published: September 2023

Interconnecting layer (ICL) is a key part of the tandem organic solar cells (OSCs) to achieve high efficiency. The ICLs of efficient inverted nonfullerene OSCs are complicated that comprise vacuum‐deposited MoO3, solution‐processed ZnO, and an additional thin silver (or PEDOT:PSS) film in between. Herein, an efficient fully solution‐processed ICL is first reported that comprises a PEDOT:F layer and a ZnO layer. The PEDOT:F is short for poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):perfluorinated sulfonic acid ionomer that is alcohol dispersed and has a work function of 5.6 eV for hole collection. The ZnO is used for electron collection. The PEDOT:F/ZnO has a conductivity of 2.28 × 10−3 S cm−1 which can play a recombination zone. The solution‐processed ICL of PEDOT:F/ZnO has been validated in both two‐junction and triple‐junction solar cells. The tandem cells show high fill factor (FF) of 76–80% and high open‐circuit voltage (VOC) which is nearly the sum of the single‐junction OSCs. The PEDOT:F/ZnO ICL has also been used to fabricate large‐area tandem organic module (15.48 cm2) that shows a VOC of 10.25 V, FF of 75.1%, and a power conversion efficiency of 13.24%. The PEDOT:F/ZnO is a promising ICL for high‐performance tandem OSCs.
A taxonomy of purposeful human activity system signs as a means to improving systems literacy
Authors: Kittelman Sage , Calvo‐Amodio Javier
Published: September 2023

The system of communication plays a critical role in the design, management and change management of purposeful human activity systems. This occurs not only in the verbal and written form of communication but also in the assimilation and interpretation of purposeful human activity system signs. The authors propose that purposeful human activity systems exhibit four types of signs: those indicating the system's persisting meaning, behaviour, structure and process. These signs together indicate the current state of the purposeful human activity system they emerge from and form the foundations of the communication system. Currently, the connection of signs back to a communication system has been largely unexplored, and a taxonomy for identifying and delineating signs in this research context does not exist. The authors present the theoretical virtue of purposeful human activity system signs and a taxonomy developed for identifying and delineating system signs with application for novice system analysts.
A Biodegradable and Active Bilayer Nanocomposite Obtained from Starch‐Yerba Mate Extract and Starch‐TiO2 Nanoparticles Films for Packaging Applications
Authors: Medina‐Jaramillo Carolina , Quintero‐Borregales Lucía M. , Goyanes Silvia , Bernal Celina , Famá Lucía
Published: September 2023

Growing environmental concerns and consumer demand for safe food lead to the innovation of biodegradable and active packaging materials. In this work, a biodegradable and active bilayer nanocomposite (TPS‐Y/NP) from two cassava starch‐based film layers is developed by casting, for possible use as packaging that can extend food shelf life. One layer is composed of a starch‐yerba mate extract film (TPS‐Y) and the other of a starch‐titanium dioxide nanoparticles nanocomposite (TPS‐NP). The use of the same starch matrix (TPS) in both films achieves a material with excellent interlayer compatibility. The bilayer presents activity against different pathogens and improvements in mechanical resistance and water vapor permeability (WVP) due to the contribution of the nanocomposite layer, and it shows antioxidant activity and greater deformation due to the layer with the natural extract. In addition, all films degrade in vegetable compost almost completely in two weeks. This bilayer film can be promisingly employed as a biodegradable and functional packaging to improve the useful life of food by conferring antioxidant and antibacterial activity.
Study on flexural and shear performance of ultra‐high performance concrete prefabricated pi‐beams
Authors: Sun Bin , Luo Rui , Xiao Rucheng , Huang Jianyong , Song Chaolin , Wang Junyan , Wang Wei
Published: September 2023

Ultra‐high performance concrete (UHPC) prefabricated beams are competitive in accelerated bridge construction. However, their broader application has been hindered by limited large‐scale tests and inaccurate design methods. To fill this gap, the authors conducted an experimental investigation on the shear and flexural performance of UHPC pi‐beams using two full‐scale specimens. One specimen was a precast UHPC beam, while the other was a composite beam with a normal concrete slab on the UHPC beam. The primary focus was on crack propagation, ultimate capacities, and failure modes. To complement the experimental findings, the extended finite element method (XFEM) was developed as a numerical approach. Nevertheless, relying solely on XFEM to understand real structural behavior is prone to misinterpretations. Moreover, the shear and flexural capacities were evaluated using existing codes and compared with the experimental results. The comparisons revealed that the predictions of shear capacities were at least 15% lower than the experimental values, whereas the flexural capacities showed acceptable agreement. To address this, the authors introduced the limit equilibrium method, leading to a more accurate prediction of shear capacity for UHPC beams with a deviation of <2%.
Iodine(III)‐Mediated Migratory gem‐Difluorinations: Synthesis of β Transformable Functionality Substituted gem‐Difluoroalkanes
Authors: Li Qingjiang , Liu Xiao‐Bin , Wang Honggen
Published: September 2023

Geminal‐difluoroalkanes featuring intriguing steric and electronic properties are of great significance in medicinal chemistry, and great progresses have been achieved for their synthesis. In recent years, iodine(III) reagent‐mediated migratory gem‐difluorination of alkenes has proved to be an efficient and powerful strategy to access to diverse gem‐difluoroalkanes, especially those bearing a readily transformable functionality (TF), which are important for rapid assembly of complex gem‐difluorinated molecules in a modular and diverse manner. In this review, we systematically summarize the recent development of iodine(III)‐mediated migratory gem‐difluorination reactions for the synthesis of gem‐difluoroalkanes bearing a synthetically versatile TF at the β position. The reaction mechanism and the utilities of the products are also discussed. This review is presented and grouped basically according to the types of transformable functionalities within the products.
REG3A promotes proliferation and DDP resistance of ovarian cancer cells by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Jiang Lingling , Liu Yinglei , Liu Manhua , Zheng Yanli , Chen Liping , Shan Feng , Ji Jinlong , Cao Yang , Kai Haili , Kang Xinyi
Published: September 2023

This study explored the effect of Regenerating Islet‐Derived 3‐Alpha (REG3A) on ovarian cancer (OC) progression. REG3A expression was scrutinized in clinical tissues of 97 OC cases by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). REG3A expression in OC cells and cisplatin (DDP) resistance OC cells was regulated by transfection. LY294002 (10 μM, inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway) was used to treat OC cells and DDP resistance OC cells. Cell counting kit‐8 and methyl‐thiazolyl‐tetrazolium assays were applied for proliferation and DDP resistance detection. Flow cytometry was utilized for cell cycle and apoptosis analysis. The effect of REG3A on the OC cell in vivo growth was researched by establishing xenograft tumor model via using nude mice using nude mice. The expression of genes in clinical samples, cells and xenograft tumor tissues was investigated by qRT‐PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. As a result, REG3A was over‐expressed in OC patients and cells, associating with dismal prognosis of patients. REG3A knockdown repressed proliferation, DDP resistance, induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of OC cells, and reduced the expression MDR‐1, Cyclin D1, Cleaved caspase 3 proteins and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway activity in OC cells. LY294002 treatment abrogated the promotion effect of REG3A on OC cell proliferation, apoptosis inhibition and DDP resistance. REG3A knockdown suppressed the in vivo growth of OC cells. Thus, REG3A promoted proliferation and DDP resistance of OC cells by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. REG3A might be a promising target for the clinical treatment of OC.
FOXA2 suppresses gallbladder carcinoma cell migration, invasion, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition by targeting SERPINB5
Authors: Hong Lingju , Chen Mingyuan , Huang Maotuan , Chen Weihong , Abudukeremu Xiahenazi , She Feifei , Chen Yanling
Published: September 2023

Background

Gallbladder cancer (GBC), a highly malignant gastrointestinal tumor, lacks effective therapies. Foxhead box A2 (FOXA2) is a tumor suppressor that is poorly expressed in various human malignancies. This study aimed to ascertain FOXA2 expression in GBC and its relevance to tumor metastasis, and to elucidate its regulatory mechanism with epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) as an entry point, in the hope of providing a potential therapeutic target for GBC.

Methods

FOXA2 expression in GBC tissues was first detected using immunohistochemistry (IHC), followed by correlation analysis with clinicopathological characteristics and survival prognosis. Subsequently, the effects of FOXA2 on GBC cell migration and invasion, as well as EMT induction, were evaluated by scratch, Transwell, RT‐PCR, and Western blot assays, together with animal experimentation. Ultimately, mRNA sequencing was carried out to identify the key downstream target genes of FOXA2 in controlling the EMT process in GBC cells, and dual‐luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to determine its regulatory mechanism.

Results

FOXA2 was underexpressed in GBC tissues and inversely correlated with tumor node metastasis stage, lymph node metastasis, and poor patient prognosis. FOXA2 exerts suppressive effects on EMT and metastasis of GBC in vivo and in vitro. FOXA2 can impede GBC cell migratory and invasive functions and EMT by positively mediating serine protein kinase inhibitor B5 (SERPINB5) expression.

Conclusion

FOXA2 directly binds to the SERPINB5 promoter region to stimulate its transcription, thereby modulating the migration and invasion behaviors of GBC cells as well as the EMT process, which might be an effective therapeutic target against GBC.
Field evaluation of novel plant‐derived porcine circovirus type 2 vaccine related to subclinical infection
Authors: Park Kee Hwan , Cho Hyejean , Suh Jeongmin , Oh Taehwan , Park Youngmin , Park Soohong , Sohn Eun‐Ju , Chae Chanhee
Published: September 2023

Background

The objective of this field trial was to evaluate the efficacy of a new plant‐based porcine circovirus type 2a (PCV2a) vaccine. This vaccine was a recombinant capsid subunit PCV2a vaccine based on theNicotiana benthamianaexpression system.

Methods

Three farms were selected for the study based on their history of subclinical PCV2 infection. A total of 40 18‐day‐old pigs were randomly allocated to either vaccinated or unvaccinated groups (20 pigs per group; 10 = male and 10 = female). Pigs received a 2.0‐mL dose of the plant‐based PCV2a vaccine intramuscularly at 21 days of age in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations, whereas unvaccinated pigs were administered a single dose of phosphate buffered‐saline at the same age.

Results

Vaccination had a positive effect on pig growth performance compared to that of unvaccinated pigs on all three of the farms. Vaccination of pigs with a plant‐based PCV2a vaccine induced high levels of neutralizing antibodies titres against PCV2d and PCV2d‐specific interferon‐γ secreting cells which resulted in the reduction of PCV2d viral load and reduced lymphoid lesions severity.

Conclusions

The results of this field trial demonstrated cross‐protection of PCV2d by a plant‐based PCV2a vaccine and a positive effect of pig growth performance with vaccination.
Investigation of the effects of cyclic lateral load characteristics on monopiles in saturated sandy soils using hypoplastic material model
Authors: Sarımurat Sacit
Published: September 2023

Offshore wind turbines play a critical role as a renewable energy source and are experiencing continuous growth in usage. Both the design and implementation phases of constructing these structures present difficulties. It is crucial to ensure these structures are built to resist such conditions, assuring their durability, as they are exposed to lateral external influences such as wind and wave loads. This study investigated how monopile foundations behave in saturated sandy soil under cyclic loading. Pore water pressure accumulations in saturated sandy soil, monopile head lateral displacements, and vertical settlements around the monopile are investigated using the hypoplastic material model and two‐phase element with the ANSYS finite element program. Analyses conducted in this study demonstrated that lateral cyclic loads could cause excessive pore water pressure accumulations around the monopile, leading to displacements in the monopile head and soil settlements around it, highlighting the importance of carefully considering loading characteristics during the design process to provide the security and longevity of offshore wind turbines.
A novel parakeet‐selective feeder for control of invasive psittacines
Authors: Anderson C. Jane , Tillman Eric A. , Bukoski William P. , Hess Steven C. , Brennan Leonard A. , Klug Page E. , Kluever Bryan M.
Published: September 2023

Over 40 species of parrots, members of order Psittaciformes, have established nonnative populations globally. Monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus) are among the most invasive bird species worldwide. In their introduced range, populations of monk parakeets have caused negative impacts on native species, habitats, economies, and human safety. Lethal population management has been complicated by the intelligence of monk parakeets, as they quickly alter behavior to avoid risks. Further, lethal control programs have been halted due to public controversy, as parakeets are highly charismatic. The contraceptive DiazaCon has been demonstrated to effectively reduce fertility in monk parakeets and other psittacines. In field applications, chemical control agents (e.g., toxicants and contraceptives) must be delivered in a manner that prohibits access by nontarget species. We developed and tested a parakeet‐selective feeder. The feeder allows access by parakeets and limits access by nontarget bird species by lowering a wire exclusion curtain around the feeder, requiring a zygodactyl toe arrangement to access food. We tested the parakeet‐selective feeder in trials with captive and free‐ranging monk parakeets and nontarget species in Florida, USA. Monk parakeets successfully accessed food from the parakeet‐selective feeder throughout the study. The mean number of daily feeder uses by nontarget species decreased from a high of nearly 16 uses per day when the exclusion curtain was not implemented to <1 use per day when implemented. Our findings suggest the parakeet‐selective feeder is a promising tool for delivery of bait treated with chemical control agents to manage monk parakeets and other nonnative parakeet populations, but implementation success will likely vary by target species, location, local faunal diversity, and availability of alternative forage.
Nonsimilar modeling analysis of Carreau–Yasuda mixed convective flow in a porous medium subjected to Soret and Dufour influences
Authors: Cui Jifeng , Ashraf Qurat‐Ul‐Ain , Cheng Wenhao , Farooq Umer , Hussain Muzamil
Published: September 2023

This nonsimilar convection study is about the flow of Carreau–Yasuda (CY) nanofluid model above a vertically extendible surface. Convection in a fluid‐filled permeable medium has given due consideration because of its relevance in a variety of applications, including insulation, relocation of water from geothermal reservoirs, storage of nuclear waste, renewable energy, mechanical engineering, and enhanced oil reservoir recovery. By virtue of linear stretching and buoyancy effects, flow in a stationary fluid is induced along a vertical porous surface. In x‐momentum equation, linear buoyancy in the context of temperature and concentration is taken into consideration. Modeling of energy expression is done in the presence of Dufour and Soret influences. Governing differential system describing convection equations is changed into nonlinear partial differential system (PDE) by implementing applicable nonsimilar transformations. By making use of analytical local nonsimilarity (LNS) technique and bvp4c (numerical finite difference‐based algorithm), the transformed dimensionless nonsimilar structure is simulated numerically. At the end, the alteration of important nondimensional numbers is studied on transport quantities such as temperature, concentration and velocity field. The repercussions of relevant parameters on drag coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number have been tabulated. Numerical simulations of nonsimilar model suggests that the velocity profile reduces due to rise in the values of Weissenberg number, porosity and suction parameter. The temperature profile is increased in comparison with the higher estimates, Eckert, and Dufour numbers. Because of larger values of Soret and Prandtl number, an increase in concentration profile is seen. Friction coefficient and Nusselt number increases with respect to higher estimations of porosity parameter, Weissenberg number and Prandtl number respectively, whereas they decrease against Dufour and Eckert variations.
Soliton Cellular Automata for the Affine General Linear Lie Superalgebra
Authors: Ryan Mitchell , Solomon Benjamin
Published: September 2023

The box–ball system (BBS) is a cellular automaton that is an ultradiscrete analogue of the Korteweg–de Vries equation, a nonlinear PDE used to model water waves. In 2001, Hikami and Inoue generalised the BBS to the general linear Lie superalgebra $$\mathfrak {gl}(m|n)$$

gl
(
m
|
n
)

. We further generalise the Hikami–Inoue BBS to column tableaux using the Kirillov–Reshetikhin crystals for $$\widehat{\mathfrak {gl}}{(m|n)}$$

gl
^

(
m
|
n
)

devised by Kwon and Okado in 2021, where we find similar solitonic behaviour under certain conditions.
The meniscal extrusion index is a reliable indirect sign of different meniscal lesion patterns: a classification based on percentage of meniscal extrusion
Authors: Compagnoni Riccardo , Ferrua Paolo , Minoli Carlo , Fajury Raschid , Ravaglia Rossella , Menon Alessandra , Randelli Pietro Simone
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study's goal is to propose a straightforward classification system based on the MEI (Meniscal Extrusion Index), a measure of meniscal extrusion, that relates to various meniscal lesion patterns and has clinical and biomechanical significance. The study's secondary goal is to determine whether the standard 3 mm meniscal extrusion parameter still has value by correlating the MEI with it.

Methods

1350 knee MRIs that were performed over the course of 2 years made up the study cohort. Following the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 200 of those patients were qualified to participate in the study. All the measurements examined for this study underwent an interobserver reliability test.

Results

In the 1350 MRIs that were examined for this study, meniscal extrusion of any grade was present 18.9% of the time. The use of the MEI revealed three groups of patients: those with a MEI < 20%, who are likely para‐physiological; those with a MEY between 20% and 40%, who are in a grey area; and those with a MEY > 40%, who have lesions that are impairing the proper meniscal function. According to the authors' findings, the percentage of meniscal extrusion did not correlate with the finite number (3 mm), making the 3 mm parameter an unreliable evaluation method.

Conclusions

This study is clinically relevant, because it proposes a simple and reproducible classification of meniscal extrusion that may aid in evaluating the severity of an extrusion and help in the diagnosis of lesions that might be difficult to identify on MRI.

Level of evidence

Level IV.
Midterm results of intra‐articular stromal vascular fraction injection for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Çimen Oğuzhan , Irgıt Kaan Süleyman , Bekmezci Taner , Büyüktopçu Ömer , Şahbat Yavuz , Korucu Alperen
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intra‐knee stromal vascular fraction (SVF) injection in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis at the midterm (3‐year) follow‐up.

Methods

SVF injection was applied to 25 knees of 20 patients. Eighteen patients (90%) were female, and the means ± standard deviations of age was 61.9 ± 7.8 (range, 50–76) years. Patients who received conservative treatment for at least 6 months and had radiographic Kellgren–Lawrence (K–L) grades 2 and 3 varus gonarthrosis were included in the study. SVF was obtained from the umbilical region by liposuction using local anaesthesia. Patients were followed‐up for 36 months. Their visual analogue scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Lysholm scores were evaluated before and at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months post‐SVF injection.

Results

A statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05) was observed in VAS, WOMAC and Lysholm scores at the first 2‐year follow‐up compared to baseline. However, no statistically significant difference (n.s.) was observed in VAS, WOMAC and Lysholm scores at the 3‐year follow‐up compared with baseline.

Conclusion

Intra‐articular SVF injection decreased pain and significantly improved the functional outcomes in the first 2 years in knees with grade 2–3 osteoarthritis; however, these positive effects of the injection disappeared in the 3rd year. Although short‐term successful results of SVF have been reported in the literature, prospective studies are needed for medium‐ and long‐term results.
Speed function effects on properties of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5 V-1Cr-1Fe alloy manufactured by electron beam melting
Authors: Madeja Marcin , Dziedzic Robert
Published: September 2023

The speed function (SF) parameter, which is a unique combination of beam speed and beam current, is one of the most important parameters of the electron beam melting (PBF-EB) production process. It allows the same process conditions (size of the melt pool, process temperature, etc.) to be maintained for parts with different geometries and sizes. The aim of this research was to understand the effect of SF on the Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe alloy produced by electron beam melting technology. The results showed that increasing the SF from 86 to 116 resulted in a decrease in the average process temperature, a decrease in the length of the α phase plates, and change in the proportion of α and β phases from 53% (SF 86) to 50% (SF 116) of the β phases. Differences in microstructure (column diameters, thickness, and length of α-phase plates), phase composition, microhardness, porosity at the bottom, and top of the samples were observed on all samples. The mechanical property analysis did not show a significant effect of SF on elongation, but an increase in SF from 86 to 96 resulted in an increase in ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of approximately 7%, whilst an additional increase to 116 resulted in a decrease in UTS of approximately 8.5% compared to SF 96. From the results, it can be seen that the microstructural and mechanical properties of the material strongly depend on the SF. Based on it, SF 86 can be considered as the recommended value for the manufacture of Ti-55511 alloy parts.
Computational prediction of surface-tension flow mechanism of molten filler in a V-shaped groove geometry in the brazing process of a heat exchanger
Authors: Otsuki Hiroshi , Ishimoto Jun , Ogasawara Naoki , Abe Takumi , Nakano Yoshikatsu
Published: September 2023

When the temperature rises during the brazing process, only the brazing material melts because of its low melting point. Several analytical approaches have been used to describe filler flow in channels and the progression of erosion grooves. However, only a few studies have examined filler-flow behavior in microgrooves during brazing. In this study, a computational model was constructed to examine the flow in microgrooves on an extruded material’s surface. The capillary flow of the aluminum brazing material was numerically analyzed to investigate the physical properties and surface behavior. Specifically, the surface-tension flow behavior was analyzed by simulating various cross-sectional shapes of the channel grooves and various contact angles of the filler. The effects of various parameters, such as viscosity and boundary conditions, on the filler flow were also analyzed. When the cross-sectional area of the channel groove increases, the filler-flow velocity increases, and the rate of unsteady fluctuation increases with the increasing filler tip velocity. The driving force of the filler flow in the channel groove is considered to be (1) the surface tension, which is based on the filler free-surface curvature, or (2) the dynamic change in the shape of the meniscus, which can be unsteady and induced by Rayleigh–Taylor instability. As the cross-sectional area of the channel groove increases, the capillary force based on the dynamic change in meniscus shape dominates the unsteady change in filler tip velocity, rather than the surface tension based on the filler free-surface curvature formed in the groove.
Tuning Hydrophobicity of Paper Substrates for Effective Colorimetric detection of Glucose and Nucleic acids
Authors: Sudarsan Sujesh , Shetty Prashil , Chinnappan Raja , Mani Naresh Kumar
Published: September 2023

This study investigated the colorimetric response of standard glucose, serum glucose, and nucleic acid assays on various paper surfaces with different wettability, including hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and nearly superhydrophobic surfaces. Water contact angles (WCA) formed by water droplets on each surface were measured using ImageJ software. The hydrophilic surface showed no contact angle, while the hydrophobic and nearly superhydrophobic surfaces exhibited contact angles of 115.667° and 133.933°, respectively. The colorimetric sensitivity of the standard glucose assay was analyzed on these surfaces, revealing enhanced sensitivity on the nearly superhydrophobic surface due to the high molecular crowding effect owing to its non-wetting behavior and eventually confined reaction product at the sample loading zone. The hydrophobic nature of the surface restricts the spreading and diffusion of the reaction product, leading to a controlled and localized concentration of the assay product leading to moderate colorimetric intensity. On the other hand, the hydrophilic surface showed the least enhancement in colorimetric sensitivity; this is attributed to the high wettability of the hydrophilic surface causing the reaction product to spread extensively, resulting in a larger area of dispersion and consequently a lower colorimetric intensity. The measured limit of detection (LOD) for nucleic acid on nearly superhydrophobic surfaces was found to be 16.15 ng/µL, which was almost four-fold lower than on hydrophilic surfaces (60.08 ng/µL). Additionally, the LODs of standard glucose and clinical serum samples were two-fold lower on nearly superhydrophobic surfaces compared to hydrophilic surfaces. Our findings clearly highlight the promising potential of utilizing superhydrophobic surfaces to significantly enhance colorimetric sensitivity in paper-based diagnostic applications. This innovative approach holds promise for advancing point-of-care diagnostics and improving disease detection in resource-limited settings.
Nutrient dynamics, carbon storage and community composition on artificial and natural reefs in Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Boakes Zach , Suryaputra I. Gusti Ngurah A. , Hall Alice E. , Franklin Daniel J. , Stafford Richard
Published: September 2023

Artificial reefs are now commonly used as a tool to restore degraded coral reefs and have a proven potential to enhance biodiversity. Despite this, there is currently a limited understanding of ecosystem functioning on artificial reefs, and how this compares to natural reefs. We used water sampling (bottom water sampling and pore water sampling), as well as surface sediment sampling and sediment traps, to examine the storage of total organic matter (as a measure of total organic carbon) and dynamics of dissolved inorganic nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and ammonium. These biogeochemical parameters were used as measures of ecosystem functioning, which were compared between an artificial reef and natural coral reef, as well as a degraded sand flat (as a control habitat), in Bali, Indonesia. We also linked the differences in these parameters to observable changes in the community structure of mobile, cryptobenthic and benthic organisms between habitat types. Our key findings showed: (1) there were no significant differences in inorganic nutrients between habitat types for bottom water samples, (2) pore water phosphate concentrations were significantly higher on the artificial reef than on both other habitats, (3) total organic matter content in sediments was significantly higher on the coral reef than both other habitat types, and (4) total organic matter in sediment traps in sampling periods May and September were higher on coral reefs than other habitats, but no differences were found in November. Overall, in terms of ecosystem functioning (specifically nutrient storage and dynamics), the artificial reef showed differences from the nearby degraded sand flat, and appeared to have some similarities with the coral reef. However, it was shown to not yet be fully functioning as the coral reef, which we hypothesise is due its relatively less complex benthic community and different fish community. We highlight the need for longer term studies on artificial reef functioning, to assess if these habitats can replace the ecological function of coral reefs at a local level.
Whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial potential of bacteria isolated from Polish honey
Authors: Hafeez Ahmer Bin , Pełka Karolina , Buzun Kamila , Worobo Randy , Szweda Piotr
Published: September 2023

The aim of this study was the whole-genome analysis and assessment of the antimicrobial potential of bacterial isolates from honey harvested in one geographical location—the north of Poland. In total, 132 strains were derived from three honey samples, and the antimicrobial activity of CFAM (cell-free after-culture medium) was used as a criterion for strain selection and detailed genomic investigation. Two of the tested isolates (SZA14 and SZA16) were classified as Bacillus paralicheniformis, and one isolate (SZB3) as Bacillus subtilis based on their ANI and phylogenetic analysis relatedness. The isolates SZA14 and SZA16 were harvested from the same honey sample with a nucleotide identity of 98.96%. All three isolates have been found to be potential producers of different antimicrobial compounds. The secondary metabolite genome mining pipeline (antiSMASH) identified 14 gene cluster coding for non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPs), polyketide synthases (PKSs), and ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) that are potential sources of novel antibacterials. The BAGEL4 analysis revealed the presence of nine putative gene clusters of interest in the isolates SZA14 and SZA16 (including the presence of six similar clusters present in both isolates, coding for the production of enterocin Nkr-5-3B, haloduracin-alpha, sonorensin, bottromycin, comX2, and lasso peptide), and four in B. subtilis isolate SZB3 (competence factor, sporulation-killing factor, subtilosin A, and sactipeptides). The outcomes of this study confirm that honey-derived Bacillus spp. strains can be considered potential producers of a broad spectrum of antimicrobial agents.

Key points

• Bacteria of the genus Bacillus are an important component of honey microbiota.

• Honey-derived Bacillus spp. strains are potential producers of new antimicrobials.
Outcomes of Complex Abdominal Wall Reconstruction with Biologic Mesh in Patients with 8 Years of Follow‐Up
Authors: Hassan Abbas M. , Franco Camila M. , Shah Nikhil R. , Talanker Michael M. , Asaad Malke , Mericli Alexander F. , Selber Jesse C. , Butler Charles E.
Published: September 2023

Background

While many studies evaluated outcomes of abdominal wall reconstruction with biologic mesh, long‐term data is lacking. In this study, we sought to analyze the outcomes of complex AWR with biologic mesh in a robust cohort of patients with a mean follow up of 8 years.

Methods

We conducted a longitudinal study of AWR patients from 2005 to 2019. Hernia recurrence was the primary outcome, and surgical site occurrence was the secondary outcome. Predictive/protective factors were identified using a Cox proportional hazards regression models.

Results

We identified 109 consecutive patients who met the inclusion criteria. Patient's mean (± SD) age was 57.5 ± 11.8 years, mean body mass index was 30.7 ± 7.2 kg/m2, and mean follow‐up time was 96.2 ± 15.9 months. Fifty‐six percent had clean defects, 34% had clean‐contaminated defects, and 10% had contaminated/infected defects. Patients had a mean defect size of 261 ± 199.6 cm2 and mean mesh size of 391.3 ± 160.2 cm2. Nineteen patients (17.4%) developed HR at the final follow‐up date. Obesity was independently associated with a four‐fold higher risk of HR (hazard ratio, 3.98; 95%CI, 1.34 to 14.60, p = 0.02). SSOs were identified in 24.8% of patients. A prior hernia repair was associated with a three‐fold higher risk of SSOs (Odds ratio, 3.13; 95%CI, 1.10 to 8.94, p = 0.03). No patient developed mesh infection.

Conclusion

These longitudinal data demonstrate that complex AWR with biologic mesh provides long‐term durable outcomes with acceptable HR and SSO rates despite high contamination levels, patients complexity, and large defect size.
The alliance of genome resources: transforming comparative genomics
Authors: Bult Carol J. , Sternberg Paul W.
Published: September 2023

Comparing genomic and biological characteristics across multiple species is essential to using model systems to investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying human biology and disease and to translate mechanistic insights from studies in model organisms for clinical applications. Building a scalable knowledge commons platform that supports cross-species comparison of rich, expertly curated knowledge regarding gene function, phenotype, and disease associations available for model organisms and humans is the primary mission of the Alliance of Genome Resources (the Alliance). The Alliance is a consortium of seven model organism knowledgebases (mouse, rat, yeast, nematode, zebrafish, frog, fruit fly) and the Gene Ontology resource. The Alliance uses a common set of gene ortholog assertions as the basis for comparing biological annotations across the organisms represented in the Alliance. The major types of knowledge associated with genes that are represented in the Alliance database currently include gene function, phenotypic alleles and variants, human disease associations, pathways, gene expression, and both protein–protein and genetic interactions. The Alliance has enhanced the ability of researchers to easily compare biological annotations for common data types across model organisms and human through the implementation of shared programmatic access mechanisms, data-specific web pages with a unified “look and feel”, and interactive user interfaces specifically designed to support comparative biology. The modular infrastructure developed by the Alliance allows the resource to serve as an extensible “knowledge commons” capable of expanding to accommodate additional model organisms.
Integer-valued polynomials on valuation rings of global fields with prescribed lengths of factorizations
Authors: Fadinger-Held Victor , Frisch Sophie , Windisch Daniel
Published: September 2023

Let V be a valuation ring of a global field K. We show that for all positive integers k and $$1 < n_1 \le \cdots \le n_k$$

1
<

n
1

≤
⋯
≤

n
k

there exists an integer-valued polynomial on V, that is, an element of $${{\,\textrm{Int}\,}}(V) = \{ f \in K[X] \mid f(V) \subseteq V \}$$

Int

(
V
)
=
{
f
∈
K
[
X
]
∣
f
(
V
)
⊆
V
}

, which has precisely k essentially different factorizations into irreducible elements of $${{\,\textrm{Int}\,}}(V)$$

Int

(
V
)

whose lengths are exactly $$n_1,\ldots ,n_k$$

n
1

,
…
,

n
k

. In fact, we show more, namely that the same result holds true for every discrete valuation domain V with finite residue field such that the quotient field of V admits a valuation ring independent of V whose maximal ideal is principal or whose residue field is finite. If the quotient field of V is a purely transcendental extension of an arbitrary field, this property is satisfied. This solves an open problem proposed by Cahen, Fontana, Frisch and Glaz in these cases.