bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Label‐Free Time‐Resolved Monitoring of Photolipid Bilayer Isomerization by Plasmonic Sensing
Authors: Zhang Jinhua , Schuknecht Francis , Habermann Ludwig , Pattis Alexander , Heine Jonathan , Pritzl Stefanie D. , Trauner Dirk , Lohmüller Theobald
Published: February 2024

The photo‐isomerization of the photolipid azo‐PC, a derivative of phosphatidylcholine containing an azobenzene group in its sn2 acyl chain, enables optical control over key properties of supported lipid bilayers (SLBs), such as membrane fluidity and bilayer thickness. However, azobenzenes are well‐known for their interaction with various dyes through photo‐modulation and ‐sensitization pathways, presenting a challenge in bilayer characterization by fluorescence microscopy. Label‐free tools capable of monitoring the switching process of photolipid SLBs at the nanoscale are therefore highly desired. In this study, the use of dark field scattering spectroscopy on gold nanorods as a highly sensitive approach is demonstrated for analyzing the reversible photo‐isomerization dynamics of photolipid SLBs in real time at the single particle level.
Loss of Endothelial Annexin A1 Aggravates Inflammation‐Induched Vascular Aging
Authors: You Qinyi , Ke Yilang , Chen Xiaofeng , Yan Wanhong , Li Dang , Chen Lu , Wang Run , Yu Jie , Hong Huashan
Published: February 2024

Chronic inflammation is increasingly considered as the most important component of vascular aging, contributing to the progression of age‐related cardiovascular diseases. To delay the process of vascular aging, anti‐inflammation may be an effective measure. The anti‐inflammatory factor annexin A1 (ANXA1) is shown to participate in several age‐related diseases; however, its function during vascular aging remains unclear. Here, an ANXA1 knockout (ANXA1−/−) and an endothelial cell‐specific ANXA1 deletion mouse (ANXA1△EC) model are used to investigate the role of ANXA1 in vascular aging. ANXA1 depletion exacerbates vascular remodeling and dysfunction while upregulates age‐ and inflammation‐related protein expression. Conversely, Ac2‐26 (a mimetic peptide of ANXA1) supplementation reverses this phenomenon. Furthermore, long‐term tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) induction of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) increases cell senescence. Finally, the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype and senescence‐related protein expression, rates of senescence‐β‐galactosidase positivity, cell cycle arrest, cell migration, and tube formation ability are observed in both ANXA1‐knockdown HUVECs and overexpressed ANXA1‐TNF‐α induced senescent HUVECs. They also explore the impact of formyl peptide receptor 2 (a receptor of ANXA1) in an ANXA1 overexpression inflammatory model. These data provide compelling evidence that age‐related inflammation in arteries contributes to senescent endothelial cells that promote vascular aging.
Macroscale Inhomogeneity in Electrochemical Lithium‐Metal Plating Triggered by Electrolyte‐Dependent Gas Phase Evolution
Authors: Kim Kyoungoh , Ko Youngmin , Tamwattana Orapa , Kim Youngsu , Kim Jihyeon , Park Jooha , Han Sangwook , Lee Young‐Ro , Kang Kisuk
Published: February 2024

Promoting homogeneous electrode reactions is crucial for mitigating premature electrode degradation and achieving enhanced cycle stability. This is particularly important for lithium‐metal electrodes that undergo drastic morphological change during electrochemical cycles, as their failure can result in dendritic lithium growth and safety hazards. Extensive prior studies have focused on managing the nano‐/micro‐scale dendritic lithium formations, and proposed the importance of the electrolyte engineering in tailoring the solid‐electrolyte interphase. Herein, this study demonstrates, for the first time, that the macroscale inhomogeneity during lithium plating, comparable to the size of electrode, is also governed by the electrolyte, but, strikingly, this phenomenon stands independent of the propensity of the electrolyte to promote growth of nano‐/micro‐scale lithium dendrites. In situ probe reveals that this electrode‐level inhomogeneity, which occurs irrespective of lithium dendrite formation, is triggered by gas‐generating reactions influenced by the electrolyte composition, and the subsequent gas‐phase (i.e., bubble) evolution causes localized lithium growth. The restricted lithium‐ion mass transport through these bubbles increases the overpotential, which exacerbates the macroscale inhomogeneity, as supported by experimental results and continuum model simulations. The observation of electrolyte‐dependent macroscale lithium inhomogeneity highlights the importance of adopting a multi‐scale perspective when considering control strategies for achieving homogeneity during lithium deposition/stripping processes.
Recycled Polystyrene Waste to Triboelectric Nanogenerators: Volumetric Electromechanically Responsive Laminates from Same‐Material Contact Electrification
Authors: Šutka Andris , Šutka Anna , Dundurs Henriks , del Rosal Blanca , Iesalnieks Mairis , Mālnieks Kaspars , Linarts Artis , Barlow Anders J. , Leon Ronald T. , Ellis Amanda V. , Sherrell Peter C.
Published: February 2024

Millions of tonnes of polystyrene (PS) are produced annually, with only an estimated 12% being recycled. Herein, the upcycling of expanded or foamed PS waste into electromechanically responsive triboelectric laminates (TLs) is described. These TLs possess internal triboelectric dipoles offering an alternative to ferroelectric fluoropolymers, and, when manufactured into triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), are able to generate over 200 V and 12 μA from motion. This energy harvesting is enabled by electrospinning alternating layers of small and large diameter PS fibers, which upon friction establish an effective dipole moment within the TL. The PS‐TENG shows remarkable stability and is able to charge a 0.47 μF capacitor to 15 V in 200 s of vibration from same material contact electrification, with piezoelectric contact‐mode testing showing that a single PS laminate is comparable to state‐of‐the‐art piezoelectric fluoropolymers for overall electromechanical conversion.
Acute occupational inhalation injuries—United States, 2011–2022
Authors: Myers Nirmala T. , Dodd Katelynn E. , Hale Janet M. , Blackley David J. , Scott Laney A. , Hall Noemi B.
Published: February 2024

Background

Inhalation injuries due to acute occupational exposures to chemicals are preventable. National surveillance of acute inhalation exposures is limited. This study identified the most common acute inhalation exposure‐related incidents by industry sector among US workers.

Methods

To characterize inhalation‐related injuries and their exposures during April 2011–March 2022, state and federal records from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Occupational Safety and Health Information System (OIS) accident database were analyzed. Industry‐specific injury, hospitalization, and fatality rates were calculated.

Results

The most frequent acute inhalation incidents investigated by OSHA were caused by inorganic gases (52.9%) such as carbon monoxide (CO) or acids, bases, and oxidizing chemical agents (12.9%) such as anhydrous ammonia. The largest number of fatal and nonfatal injuries were reported in the manufacturing (28.6%) and construction (17.2%) sectors.

Conclusions

Workers were affected by acute inhalation exposures in most industries. Using this surveillance, employers can recognize frequently‐occurring preventable acute inhalation exposures by industry, such as inorganic gases in the manufacturing sector, and implement prevention measures. Training of workers on exposure characteristics and limits, adverse health effects, and use of protective equipment by exposure agent can prevent inhalation injuries.
How does the media represent institutional child sexual abuse within Jewish communities? A case study of the Malka Leifer court case
Authors: Mendes Philip , Pinskier Marcia , Baidawi Susan
Published: February 2024

Concerns about institutional child sexual abuse within Jewish communities have been documented in two recent national inquiries into child sexual abuse, in Australia, and England and Wales. Yet to date, there has been little analysis of how media reporting informs public awareness of these concerns, and potential programme and policy responses. This paper examines media reports of the high‐profile case of ultra‐orthodox Jewish school principal Malka Leifer who was found to have sexually abused several girls in her school in Melbourne, Australia. It draws on five Australian media publications (two specifically Jewish and three mainstream newspapers), from the initial committal hearing in September 2021 until the completion of her trial and conviction in July 2023. Our findings highlight the importance of child safety processes as being aligned with the specific religious and cultural context of faith‐based communities in order to be effective in preventing institutional child sexual abuse.
Magnetic Properties of A Cavity‐Embedded Square Lattice of Quantum Dots or Antidots
Authors: Mughnetsyan Vram , Gudmundsson Vidar , Abdullah Nzar Rauf , Tang Chi‐Shung , Moldoveanu Valeriu , Manolescu Andrei
Published: February 2024

Quantum electrodynamical density functional theory is applied to obtain the electronic density, spin polarization, as well as orbital and spin magnetizations of square periodic arrays of quantum dots or antidots subjected to the influence of a far‐infrared cavity photon field. A gradient‐based exchange‐correlation functional adapted to a 2D electron gas in a transverse homogeneous magnetic field is used in the theoretical framework and calculations. The obtained results predict a non‐trivial effect of the cavity field on the electron distribution in the unit cell of the superlattice, as well as on the orbital and spin magnetizations. The number of electrons per unit cell of the superlattice is shown to play a crucial role in the modification of the magnetization via the electron–photon coupling. The calculations show that cavity photons strengthen the diamagnetic effect in the quantum dot structure, while they weaken the paramagnetic effect in the antidot structure. As the number of electrons per unit cell of the lattice increases, the electron–photon interaction reduces the exchange forces that will otherwise promote strong spin splitting for both the dot and the antidot arrays.
Torsional Strain Enabled Ring‐Opening Polymerization towards Axially Chiral Semiaromatic Polyesters with Chemical Recyclability
Authors: Cao Qing , Tu Yi‐Min , Fan Hua‐Zhong , Shan Si‐Yi , Cai Zhongzheng , Zhu Jian‐Bo
Published: February 2024

The development of new chemically recyclable polymers via monomer design would provide a transformative strategy to address the energy crisis and plastic pollution problem. Biaryl‐fused cyclic esters were targeted to generate axially chiral polymers, which would impart new material performance. To overcome the non‐polymerizability of the biaryl‐fused monomer DBO, a cyclic ester Me‐DBO installed with dimethyl substitution was prepared to enable its polymerizability via enhancing torsional strain. Impressively, Me‐DBO readily went through well‐controlled ring‐opening polymerization, producing polymer P(Me‐DBO) with high glass transition temperature (Tg >100 °C). Intriguingly, mixing these complementary enantiopure polymers containing axial chirality promoted a transformation from amorphous to crystalline material, affording a semicrystalline stereocomplex with a melting transition temperature more than 300 °C. P(Me‐DBO) were capable of depolymerizing back to Me‐DBO in high efficiency, highlighting an excellent recyclability.
Room‐Temperature Copper‐Catalyzed Etherification of Aryl Bromides
Authors: Strauss Michael J. , Greaves Megan E. , Kim Seoung‐Tae , Teijaro Christiana N. , Schmidt Michael A. , Scola Paul M. , Buchwald Stephen L.
Published: February 2024

We disclose the development of a Cu‐catalyzed C−O coupling method utilizing a new N1,N2‐diarylbenzene‐1,2‐diamine ligand, L8. Under optimized reaction conditions, structurally diverse aryl and heteroaryl bromides underwent efficient coupling with a variety of alcohols at room temperature using an L8‐based catalyst. Notably, the L8‐derived catalyst exhibited enhanced activity when compared to the L4‐based system previously disclosed for C−N coupling, namely the ability to functionalize aryl bromides containing acidic functional groups. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that C−O coupling utilizing L8 ⋅ Cu involves rate‐limiting alkoxide transmetallation, resulting in a mechanism of C−O bond formation that is distinct from previously described Pd‐, Cu‐, or Ni‐based systems. This lower energy pathway leads to rapid C−O bond formation; a 7‐fold increase relative to what is seen with other ligands. The results presented in this report overcome limitations in previously described C−O coupling methods and introduce a new ligand that we anticipate may be useful in other Cu‐catalyzed C‐heteroatom bond‐forming reactions.
Spaced Double Hydrogen Bonding in an Imidazole Poly Ionic Liquid Composite for Highly Efficient and Selective Photocatalytic Air Reductive H2O2 Synthesis
Authors: Cheng Yu , Jin Jie , Yan Huan , Zhou Guosheng , Xu Yangrui , Tang Liguang , Liu Xinlin , Li Hongping , Zhang Kan , Lu Ziyang
Published: February 2024

Photocatalytic oxygen reductive H2O2 production is a promising approach to alternative industrial anthraquinone processes while suffering from the requirement of pure O2 feedstock for practical application. Herein, we report a spaced double hydrogen bond (IC−H‐bond) through multi‐component Radziszewski reaction in an imidazole poly‐ionic‐liquid composite (SI‐PIL‐TiO2) and levofloxacin hydrochloride (LEV) electron donor for highly efficient and selective photocatalytic air reductive H2O2 production. It is found that the IC−H‐bond formed by spaced imino (−NH−) group of SI‐PIL‐TiO2 and carbonyl (−C=O) group of LEV can switch the imidazole active sites characteristic from a covered state to a fully exposed one to shield the strong adsorption of electron donor and N2 in the air, and propel an intenser positive potential and more efficient orbitals binding patterns of SI‐PIL‐TiO2 surface to establish competitive active sites for selectivity O2 chemisorption. Moreover, the high electron enrichment of imidazole as an active site for the 2e− oxygen reduction ensures the rapid reduction of O2. Therefore, the IC−H‐bond enables a total O2 utilization and conversion efficiency of 94.8 % from direct photocatalytic air reduction, achieving a H2O2 production rate of 1518 μmol/g/h that is 16 and 23 times compared to poly‐ionic‐liquid composite without spaced imino groups (PIL‐TiO2) and TiO2, respectively.
Activation of Ga Liquid Catalyst with Continuously Exposed Active Sites for Electrocatalytic C−N Coupling
Authors: Yu Yaodong , Lv Zheng , Liu Ziyi , Sun Yuyao , Wei Yingying , Ji Xiang , Li Yanyan , Li Hongdong , Wang Lei , Lai Jianping
Published: February 2024

Environmentally friendly electrocatalytic coupling of CO2 and N2 for urea synthesis is a promising strategy. However, it is still facing problems such as low yield as well as low stability. Here, a new carbon‐coated liquid alloy catalyst, Ga79Cu11Mo10@C is designed for efficient electrochemical urea synthesis by activating Ga active sites. During the N2 and CO2 co‐reduction process, the yield of urea reaches 28.25 mmol h−1 g−1, which is the highest yield reported so far under the same conditions, the Faraday efficiency (FE) is also as high as 60.6 % at −0.4 V vs. RHE. In addition, the catalyst shows excellent stability under 100 h of testing. Comprehensive analyses showed that sequential exposure of a high density of active sites promoted the adsorption and activation of N2 and CO2 for efficient coupling reactions. This coupling reaction occurs through a thermodynamic spontaneous reaction between *N=N* and CO to form a C−N bond. The deformability of the liquid state facilitates catalyst recovery and enhances stability and resistance to poisoning. Moreover, the introduction of Cu and Mo stimulates the Ga active sites, which successfully synthesises the *NCON* intermediate. The reaction energy barrier of the third proton‐coupled electron transfer process rate‐determining step (RDS) *NHCONH→*NHCONH2 was lowered, ensuring the efficient synthesis of urea.
First assessment of passive acoustics as a tool to monitor the endangered Mediterranean monk seal in the Madeira Archipelago (Portugal)
Authors: Muñoz‐Duque Sebastian , Vieira Manuel , Fonseca Paulo J. , Quintella Bernardo , Charrier Isabelle , Monteiro João Gama , Fernandez Marc , Silva Rodrigo , Amorim M. Clara P.
Published: February 2024

The rarest seal and the world's most endangered pinniped species, the Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus), has a small and isolated population in the Madeira Archipelago (Portugal). This species tends to be extremely wary of humans and, therefore, very difficult to approach and study.

Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) is a non‐invasive, cost‐effective tool that can be a valuable complement for the traditional monitoring methods, providing insight for effective conservation of the seal in the Madeira Archipelago.

In this pilot study, custom‐designed autonomous underwater recorders were deployed in two marine protected areas (Garajau Partial Nature Reserve and the Desertas Islands Nature Reserve) to assess the potential of PAM to detect and monitor this elusive and endangered species in the Madeira Archipelago.

Two call types putatively produced by M. monachus were detected in a subsample of audio files recorded over a 3‐month acoustic deployment; these call types share similarities with the /growl/ and /hiccup/ recently described for M. monachus in a Mediterranean population. The most common sound type detected was the low‐frequency growl. No obvious pattern was found in the abundance of sounds according to sampling date, and no significant difference was found in the abundance of sounds in different periods of the day.

The ability to detect the species' underwater vocalizations with PAM opens the possibility of future monitoring plans based on data obtained from audio recordings. These data can provide relevant information for conservation, namely, on the presence and abundance of the seals.
An underwater clash of spears: Public engagement in Mediterranean lionfish control efforts
Authors: Savva Ioannis , Cai Leda L. , Kleitou Periklis , Hadjioannou Louis , Jimenez Carlos , Karonias Anastasis , Nicolaou Erato , Chartosia Niki , Hall‐Spencer Jason M. , Kletou Demetris
Published: February 2024

Invasive alien species pose a great challenge in conservation ecology. Rapid establishment of common lionfish (Pterois miles) in the eastern Mediterranean Sea and its ongoing westward expansion raises many questions about how to sustainably combat this invasion in the long term.

Drawing on experiences from the western Atlantic invasion, citizen scientists were engaged and demonstrated the efficiency of long‐term coordinated removals for the first time in the Mediterranean Sea.

Findings reveal a sustained participation and interest throughout the coordinated removal events that encourage the organization of future events. Removal Action Teams were found effective at reducing lionfish numbers in small (less than half a hectare) areas of high conservation value, when removals were repeated systematically.

Single‐day lionfish derbies, operated at greater spatial scales, succeeded in a 50% reduction in lionfish abundance while removing most large (>30 cm) individuals from an area after three consecutive events.

Given the recreational character of such activities, coordinated removals are useful options for management and conservation when guided by competent authorities and supported by citizens, as they promote marine environmental awareness and help develop a sense of stewardship among members of the public.
Comparing lateral plantar process trabecular structure to other regions of the human calcaneus
Authors: Koneru Manisha C. , Harper Christine M.
Published: February 2024

Investigating skeletal adaptations to bipedalism informs our understanding of form–function relationships. The calcaneus is an important skeletal element to study because it is a weight‐bearing bone with a critical locomotor role. Although other calcaneal regions have been well studied, we lack a clear understanding of the functional role of the lateral plantar process (LPP). The LPP is a bony protuberance on the inferolateral portion of the calcaneus thought to aid the tuberosity in transmission of ground reaction forces during heel‐strike. Here, we analyze LPP internal trabecular structure relative to other calcaneal regions to investigate its potential functional affinities. Human calcanei (n = 20) were micro‐CT scanned, and weighted spherical harmonic analysis outputs were used to position 251 volumes of interest (VOI) within each bone. Trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), spacing (Tb.Sp), degree of anisotropy (DA), and bone volume fraction (BV/TV) were calculated for each VOI. Similarities in BV/TV and DA (p = 0.2741) between the LPP and inferior tuberosity support suggestions that the LPP is a weight‐bearing structure that may transmit forces in a similar direction. The LPP significantly differs from the inferior tuberosity in Tb.Th and Tb.Sp (p < 0.05). Relatively thinner, more closely spaced trabeculae in the LPP may serve to increase internal surface area to compensate for its relatively small size compared to the tuberosity. Significant differences in all parameters between LPP and joint articular surfaces indicate that trabecular morphology is differently adapted for the transmission of forces associated with body mass through joints.
Neural network adaptive control for turbo‐generator of power systems with prescribed performance and unknown asymmetric actuator dead zone
Authors: Tian Xintong , Zhang Zhao , Zhou Hongyan , Chen Xue‐Bo
Published: February 2024

This paper investigates a neural network adaptive controller design method for turbo‐generator of power systems with external disturbance, unknown system dynamic, prescribed performance, and unknown actuator dead zone. First, the unknown system dynamic is estimated and overcome through a neural network. Using the implicit function theorem, the unknown asymmetric dead‐zone behavior of the actuator is overcome by another static neural network. Second, the external disturbance and the reconstruction error of neural networks are handled by a robust term updated online. Moreover, there is no requirement to pre‐know or off‐line estimate the reconstruction error of neural networks and the upper bound of the system external disturbance. Third, based on Lyapunov theory, the smooth control law is proposed. In the meantime, the uniform ultimate boundedness of the networks weights is strictly proved. Furthermore, the system state error satisfies the prescribed transient performance and can converge to a small neighborhood around zero. Finally, a numerical simulation shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Event‐driven fault‐tolerant attitude tracking control of spacecraft for noncooperative target interest surface
Authors: Zhang He , Zheng Yin , Wang Yan
Published: February 2024

This paper explores the problem of relative attitude stabilization between a noncooperative target interest surface (NCTIS) and a bandwidth‐restricted spacecraft subjected to parameter uncertainties, exogenous disturbance, actuator faults, and input saturation. The proposed angular velocity estimator provides the rotational angular velocity of NCTIS. The proposed control scheme uses a dynamic surface control framework with the finite time disturbance observer to attenuate multi‐source disturbances, and it deals with the restricted communication resources by employing a dynamic event‐triggered mechanism. The presented scheme relaxes the prior upper bound of total disturbance and improves the traditional event‐triggered technique. Stability analysis shows the ultimate uniform boundedness of the closed‐loop system's state trajectory. In addition, the Zeno‐free behavior can be guaranteed in the design. Comparing numerical simulation results with advanced techniques shows the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Adaptive fuzzy fault‐tolerant control of stochastic nonlinear multiagent systems with input quantization and state constraints
Authors: Wu Meng , Wu Li‐Bing , Yan Ying , Dong Yan‐Wu
Published: February 2024

This paper is dedicated to the problem of adaptive fuzzy fault‐tolerant control (FTC) for a class of stochastic nonstrict feedback nonlinear multi‐agent systems (MASs) with input quantization and full state constraints. Firstly, based on the backstepping technique and the bounded estimation method, the effect of actuator faults can be eliminated by the proposed adaptive updating laws. Secondly, the stochastic barrier Lyapunov functions (BLFs) are constructed to ensure that all state constraints are not violated. Meanwhile, the introduction of input quantization can effectively save network resources and reduce computational burden. It is further shown that all the closed‐loop signals are uniformly bounded, and the consensus tracking errors asymptotically tend to zero. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is illustrated by a numerical example.
An early‐curricular team learning activity to foster integration of biochemical concepts and clinical sciences in undergraduate medical education
Authors: Schmidt Martin , Pinney Brian , Canby Craig , Vargus April , Pille Marianka
Published: February 2024

The ability to connect key concepts of biochemistry with clinical presentations is essential for the development of clinical reasoning skills and adaptive expertise in medical trainees. To support the integration of foundational and clinical sciences in our undergraduate health science curricula, we developed a small group active learning exercise during which interprofessional groups of students use clinical cases to explore the biochemistry, diagnostic strategy, and evidence‐based treatment options of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM). We designed multistage learning modules consisting of (1.) low‐fidelity case simulations of pediatric patients presenting with IEMs, (2.) guided group discussions on clinical biochemistry, differential diagnoses, and diagnostic strategies, (3.) oral presentations of clinical reasoning strategies, and (4.) discussion of relevant evidence‐based medicine topics related to the cases. These modules Scientific Knowledge Integrated in Patient Presentations (SKIPPs) were added to a first‐semester foundational sciences course serving five health professions programs. The assessment of learning outcomes by students and faculty shows that SKIPPs sessions are well‐received activities that significantly improve trainees' ability to integrate foundational science concepts into clinical scenarios, to practice interprofessional teamwork and to develop clinical reasoning skills.
A system dynamics approach to modelling eco‐innovation drivers in companies: Understanding complex interactions using machine learning
Authors: Arranz Carlos F. A.
Published: February 2024

This paper examines the effect of drivers in the development of eco‐innovation from a system dynamics perspective. While previous literature has made important contributions in identifying factors that influence the development of eco‐innovations, there remains limited understanding of how these drivers act and interact in promoting its development. Therefore, there is a need to develop a framework of relationships and drivers that encourage and support eco‐innovation in companies. This paper develops an integrated framework encompassing key internal, market and governmental factors and their complex interactions using principles of system dynamics and machine learning to address this gap. The research questions how these drivers interact in a dynamic and non‐linear manner to influence the development of eco‐innovation in companies and how can these interactions be effectively modelled and understood, considering the complexities of sustainable business practices and the limitations of traditional linear approaches. We empirically test these questions by using the Spanish Technological Innovation Panel database. The findings demonstrate that eco‐innovation is not solely driven by isolated factors; instead, it emerges from the complex interplay between internal capabilities, governmental policies and market dynamics. By emphasising the synergistic effects of these drivers, the research offers a nuanced understanding of their systemic interactions. Furthermore, our analysis highlights the varying efficiency levels of different drivers, underscoring the pivotal role of environmental corporate policies and the strategic allocation of financial resources. In contrast, cooperation, market forces and regulations exhibit lower efficiency in driving eco‐innovation processes. These insights not only advance theoretical knowledge but also provide valuable guidance for businesses and policymakers, offering a more holistic approach to fostering sustainable innovation.
Ultrasound‐Assisted Extraction, Optimization, Phytochemical Screening and Analysis of Phenolics from Cycas Zeylanica and Antioxidant Activity Evaluation
Authors: Mansi  , Balyan Upasna , Bhutani Charu , Khanna Leena , Rao Satya , Singh Rita , Khanna Pankaj
Published: February 2024

The present study focuses on investigating the phytochemical screening of indigenous species, C. zeylanica, for the first time. The leaf extracts have been prepared using ultrasound‐assisted methods to obtain the best extraction results using different time and temperature conditions such as 30, 60, and 90 min. and 30, 40, and 60 °C, respectively. The results have been optimized using response surface methodology. Under the optimal extraction conditions of 60 °C for 43.57 minutes, an extract was produced with a yield of 0.238 g and a high total phenolic content of 181.1965 mg GAE/g. The total phenolic content has been evaluated and the presence of gallic acid has been confirmed through the HPLC technique. The optimal extract (OE) showed excellent antioxidant activity for the DPPH assay, with an IC50 of 3.1 μg/ml. Finally, GC‐MS profiling has been done to screen the volatile component of the plant extract.
Discovery of Enzyme Inhibitors from Mangrove Sediment Derived Fungus Trichoderma harzianum SCSIO 41051
Authors: Huang Lishan , Chen Chunmei , Cai Jian , Chen Yixin , Zhu Yongyan , Yang Bin , Zhou Xuefeng , Liu Yonghong , Tao Huaming
Published: February 2024

One new fatty acid derivative, (2E,4E)‐6,7‐dihydroxy‐2‐methylocta‐2,4‐dienoic acid (1), and 16 known compounds (2–17) were isolated from the mangrove sediment derived fungus Trichoderma harzianum SCSIO 41051. Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods, computational ECD, and Mo2(OAc)4‐induced ECD experiment. All the compounds were evaluated for their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibition. Compounds 9 and 14 exhibited moderate AChE inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 2.49 and 2.92 μM, respectively, which compounds 8 and 9 displayed moderate inhibition on PL with IC50 value of 2.30 and 2.34 μM, respectively.
Make your future job matter: A career calling intervention for college students
Authors: Beloborodova Polina , Leontiev Dmitry
Published: February 2024

In recent years, career development scholars and practitioners are increasingly interested in the concept of career calling. However, the psychological mechanisms underlying the process of its discernment remain obscure, and intervention research is scarce. In this study, we implemented a quasi‐experimental pretest–posttest design with intervention (n = 42) and control group (n = 66) to test a 9‐week elective course designed to help college students find their callings. The course included an investigation of strengths, values, and interests, followed by their integration into personal mission and finding occupations that allowed to implement that mission in real life (potential callings). The study was conducted in a major Russian university located in Moscow. Be the end of the course, the participants had a stronger sense of calling, perceived more meaning, and felt more authentic. The results of this study can be used by university career services, as well as private counselors.
Heterostructured nickel–cobalt metal alloy and metal oxide nanoparticles as a polysulfide mediator for stable lithium–sulfur full batteries with lean electrolyte
Authors: Park Hyeona , Lee Suyeong , Kim Hyerim , Park Hyunyoung , Kim Hun , Kim Jongsoon , Agostini Marco , Sun Yang‐Kook , Hwang Jang‐Yeon
Published: February 2024

Batteries that utilize low‐cost elemental sulfur and light metallic lithium as electrodes have great potential in achieving high energy density. However, building a lithium–sulfur (Li–S) full battery by controlling the electrolyte volume generally produces low practical energy because of the limited electrochemical Li–S redox. Herein, the high energy/high performance of a Li–S full battery with practical sulfur loading and minimum electrolyte volume is reported. A unique hybrid architecture configured with Ni–Co metal alloy (NiCo) and metal oxide (NiCoO2) nanoparticles heterogeneously anchored in carbon nanotube‐embedded self‐standing carbon matrix is fabricated as a host for sulfur. This work demonstrates the considerable improvement that the hybrid structure's high conductivity and satisfactory porosity promote the transport of electrons and lithium ions in Li–S batteries. Through experimental and theoretical validations, the function of NiCo and NiCoO2 nanoparticles as an efficient polysulfide mediator is established. These particles afford polysulfide anchoring and catalytic sites for Li–S redox reaction, thus improving the redox conversion reversibility. Even at high sulfur loading, the nanostructured Ni–Co metal alloy and metal oxide enable to have stable cycling performance under lean electrolyte conditions both in half‐cell and full‐cell batteries using a graphite anode.
Enhancing electromagnetic wave absorption with core‐shell structured SiO2@MXene@MoS2 nanospheres
Authors: Jiang Xuewen , Wang Qian , Song Limeng , Lu Hongxia , Xu Hongliang , Shao Gang , Wang Hailong , Zhang Rui , Wang Changan , Fan Bingbing
Published: February 2024

Material composition and structural design are important factors influencing the electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption performance of materials. To alleviate the impedance mismatch attributed to the high dielectric constant of Ti3C2Tx MXene, we have successfully synthesized core‐shell structured SiO2@MXene@MoS2 nanospheres. This architecture, comprising SiO2 as the core, MXene as the intermediate layer, and MoS2 as the outer shell, is achieved through an electrostatic self‐assembly method combined with a hydrothermal process. This complex core‐shell structure not only provides a variety of loss mechanisms that effectively dissipate electromagnetic energy but also prevents self‐aggregation of MXene and MoS2 nanosheets. Notably, the synergistic combination of SiO2 and MoS2 with highly conductive MXene enables the suitable dielectric constant of the composites, ensuring optimal impedance matching. Therefore, the core‐shell structured SiO2@MXene@MoS2 nanospheres exhibit excellent EMW absorption performance, featuring a remarkable minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −52.11 dB (2.4 mm). It is noteworthy that these nanospheres achieve an ultra‐wide effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.72 GHz. This work provides a novel approach for designing and synthesizing high‐performance EMW absorbers characterized by “wide bandwidth and strong reflection loss.”
Treatment of wastewater containing ciprofloxacin using the hybrid treatment approach based on acoustic cavitation
Authors: Lakshmi N. J. , Iyer A. M. , Gogate Parag R.
Published: February 2024

The present work investigates the treatment of wastewater containing an antibiotic, ciprofloxacin (CIP), using acoustic cavitation (AC) coupled with other advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). For the laboratory scale degradation study, operating parameters like drug concentration, operating pH, and initial temperature were initially optimized and then used in hybrid approach of AC in combination with AOPs. At 15 m/L initial drug concentration, neutral pH of 7, and ambient temperature of 30°C, optimum CIP degradation of 13.66% was obtained within 120 min of operation. The intensification of the AC‐based approach was subsequently achieved using other oxidants like H2O2, potassium persulphate (KPS), and O3. The combination of AC with H2O2 and KPS resulted in 44.30% and 35.41% CIP degradation, respectively, while AC combined with ozone resulted in almost complete degradation of CIP within 90 min of treatment with a maximum cavitational yield of 4.761 × 10−6 mg/J. The cost estimation for the optimized treatment approaches revealed that AC combined with ozone is the best process for degradation with the least operational cost of 8.7 Rs/L (105 US $/m3). Complete degradation of CIP with AC + O3 based approach at much lower costs opens a window for implementation in the pharmaceutical industries.
A phenomenological comparison of auditory hallucinations between borderline personality disorder and schizophrenia: A systematic review
Authors: Tseng Shih‐Ting , Georgiades Anna
Published: February 2024

Objective

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) with auditory hallucinations (AHs) may inadvertently be misdiagnosed with a primary psychotic disorder, such as schizophrenia (SZ). This misidentification can lead to challenges in providing effective psychological treatment. This review therefore aims to identify the phenomenological characteristics of AHs in BPD in comparison to SZ, as well as psychological interventions that explicitly target AHs in BPD.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted to summarise the existing evidence base regarding the phenomenological similarities and differences of AHs in BPD and SZ, along with the identification of psychological interventions for AHs in BPD.

Results

Eighteen studies were eligible for inclusion. Compared to the SZ group, BPD clients were characterised by more persistent and repetitive AHs, significantly more voice‐related distress and appraisals of omnipotence, and an earlier age of onset of AHs. The BPD group also reported more severe depression and anxiety, a higher incidence of childhood trauma, and more negative self‐schema. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Coping Strategy Enhancement (CBT‐CSE) might be a promising intervention to reduce AH‐related distress in BPD, although further studies are required to determine its effectiveness.

Conclusion

In order to prevent misdiagnosis of AHs in BPD, the DSM‐5 may need to acknowledge the broader and more frequent occurrence of psychosis symptoms in BPD clients. Such clarification may enhance diagnostic practices and facilitate more timely access to treatment. There is also a need to develop and trial psychological interventions that explicitly target AHs in BPD.
Expanding the cross‐cultural validity of the Enright Forgiveness Inventory short form
Authors: Song Jacqueline Y. , Lustosa Romulo , Rique Julio , Klatt John , Yu Lifan , Mandurah Nahlah , Kim Jichan J. , Enright Robert D.
Published: February 2024

This research assessed the cross‐cultural validity and internal consistency of the Enright Forgiveness Inventory short form (EFI‐30). A total of 1677 people across four countries (United States, the Philippines, China and Saudi Arabia) participated in the study. Data analysis relied on multigroup confirmatory factor analysis and assessments of internal consistency. The results indicated that the EFI‐30 has the same structure and factor loadings in the four countries and that internal consistency for the EFI‐30 factors was >0.80 in the four countries. The discrimination values suggest that the instrument can differentiate people with different levels of forgiveness. The analyses in this study indicate that the EFI‐30 is a valid and reliable assessment of cognition, behaviour and affect related to forgiveness in the United States, the Philippines, China and Saudi Arabia. Clinicians working in these countries can confidently use this shorter version of the EFI to measure forgiveness.
A systematic review of the relationship between generic and specific metacognitive beliefs and emotion dysregulation: A metacognitive model of emotion dysregulation
Authors: Mansueto Giovanni , Jarach Alessandro , Caselli Gabriele , Ruggiero Giovanni Maria , Sassaroli Sandra , Nikčević Ana , Spada Marcantonio M. , Palmieri Sara
Published: February 2024

Although a probable association between metacognitive beliefs (also termed ‘metacognitions’) and emotion dysregulation has been suggested in the literature, the evidence is still sparse and inconclusive. The current study aims to present a comprehensive evaluation of the literature examining the association between metacognitive beliefs and emotion dysregulation. In accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) criteria, a search was conducted on PubMed and Ebsco. A manual search of reference lists was also run. Search terms were ‘metacognitions/metacognitive beliefs/positive metacognitive beliefs/negative metacognitive beliefs/cognitive self‐consciousness/beliefs about the need to control thoughts/cognitive confidence/negative beliefs about thoughts concerning uncontrollability and danger/AND difficulties emotion regulation/emotion dysregulation’. A total of 19 studies met the inclusion criteria. In both non‐clinical and clinical populations, a higher endorsement of dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs was found to be associated with emotion dysregulation and vice versa. A higher endorsement of metacognitive beliefs may be associated, either directly or via maladaptive forms of mental control (e.g., worry, rumination and suppression) to emotion dysregulation. Metacognitive beliefs could be the potential therapeutic target in clinical interventions aimed at reducing emotion regulation difficulties.
Density Gradient Centrifugation‐Independent Purification of Human Basophils
Authors: Gray Natalie , Wiebe Daniela , Weihrauch Tobias , Raap Ulrike , Limberg Maren M.
Published: February 2024

Basophils represent the rarest type of granulocyte in human peripheral blood. Thus, researching basophils has historically been challenging and has often been reliant on enrichment protocols using density gradient centrifugation. This article describes a novel, fast, and cost‐effective method to purify highly viable human basophils from peripheral blood through negative immunomagnetic selection, foregoing the density centrifugation step in the Basic Protocol. The technique is easy to use and consistently produces purities >96%. Furthermore, the Support Protocols describe procedures to determine basophil yield, purity, and viability, and how to investigate functional activity of the purified basophils through flow cytometry and visualize the basophils through microscopy. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Gradient centrifugation‐independent basophil isolation

Support Protocol 1: Flow cytometry staining to assess basophil yield, purity, and viability

Support Protocol 2: Giemsa staining

Support Protocol 3: Calcium flux analysis

Support Protocol 4: Basophil activation test
A Blueprint for Secondary Coordination Sphere Editing: Approaches Toward Lewis‐Acid Assisted Carbon Dioxide Co‐Activation
Authors: Durfy Connor S. , Zurakowski Joseph A. , Drover Marcus W.
Published: February 2024

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a potent greenhouse gas of environmental concern. Seeking to offer a solution to the “CO2‐problem”, the chemistry community has turned a focus toward transition metal complexes which can activate, reduce, and convert CO2 into carbon‐based products. The design of such systems involves judicious selection of both metal and accompanying donor ligand; in part, these efforts are motivated by biological metalloenzymes that undertake similar transformations. As a design element, metal‐ligand cooperativity, which leverages intramolecular interactions between a transition metal and an adjacent secondary ligand site, has been acknowledged as a vitally important component by the CO2 activation community. These systems offer a “push‐pull” style of activation where electron density is chaperoned onto CO2 with an accompanying electrophile, such as a Lewis‐acid, playing the role of acceptor. This pairing allows for the stabilization of reactive CxHyOz‐containing intermediates and can bias CO2 product selectivity. In the laboratory, chemists can test hypotheses and ideas, enabling rationalization of why a given pairing of transition metal/Lewis‐acid leads to selective CO2 reduction outcomes. This Concept identifies literature examples and highlights key design properties, allowing interested contributors to design, create, and implement novel systems for productive transformations of a small molecule (CO2) with huge potential impact.
Assessing the motivational value of infant video clips on chimpanzees through discrimination learning task
Authors: Kawaguchi Yuri , Tomonaga Masaki
Published: February 2024

The motivational value of visual infant stimuli in humans is considered to encourage parental behavior. To explore the evolutionary roots of this preference for infants, we examined the reward value of conspecific infant videos compared to adult ones in nine chimpanzees. We employed a novel approach, a simultaneous discrimination task with differential sensory reinforcement. In Experiments 1 and 2, we tested if watching conspecific infant videos is more rewarding than watching adult ones. Participants were required to discriminate between two visual stimuli by a touch panel task. In video reward trials, a video clip featuring a chimpanzee infant followed a correct choice, while one featuring an adult followed an incorrect choice. However, the percentage of correct choices did not significantly differ from chance except in one chimpanzee, indicating that chimpanzees did not exhibit a preference for watching infant videos over those of adult. In Experiment 3, we tested if chimpanzees prefer conspecific videos over a blank screen; however, we did not find evidence either at a group level. These results suggest that the incentive salience of infant stimuli may not be universally compelling across species. Additionally, we discuss the limitations of the task using sensory reinforcement.
Creative collaborations can support students’ mental health
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: February 2024

BURLINGTON, VERMONT — The traumas and losses of the pandemic combined with the pressures and pervasiveness of social media and technology use to create the perfect storm in college students’ lives. That left many students’ mental health in tatters, placing more demand on counseling centers, which were already stretched thin. And it's not going away soon. It takes about seven years to work through a trauma and about one to two years to work through the loss of a loved one — but that's when support systems are available to help, according to Jeremy Butler, Chief Innovation Officer at Integrated Community Alternatives Network, a nonprofit organization (www.ican.family).