bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cement-based materials destruction under the action of deicing salts
Authors: Potapova Ekaterina , Korchunov Ivan
Published: November 2019

The results of chloride ions with aqueous solution penetrating into the cement structure were determined with the colorimetric method. Some tendencies of chloride solutions migration in different conditions were established. The article suggests the possible ways of the prevention of destructive processes occur during the excessive pore solution saturation in cement matrix with chloride ions.
Determination of the limiting values of the laser parameters to heat treatment of powder carbon steels surface
Authors: Oglezneva Svetlana , Morozov Evgeny , Usynin Evgeny
Published: November 2019

The microstructure and microhardness of the surface layer of powder steels PA-ZhGr with different porosity are studied in comparison with cast steel U10 after laser treatment (LT) with a 1 kW fiber laser in argon. Using thermal modeling, the geometric dimensions of the laser exposure zones formed in the area of the laser exposure were calculated and experimentally confirmed, and the mechanisms of their formation were proposed. The boundary values of the integral criterion for the parameters of laser influence for the heat treatment of carbon powder steels are established.
Elaboration of technology for manufacturing aluminum-based metal-matrix composite material strengthened with hollow ceramic microspheres for using thereof in underwater equipment
Authors: Romanov Aleksey , Romanova Elena , Chernyshov Evgeny
Published: November 2019

This paper deals with the study of capabilities for strengthening an aluminum alloy with hollow ceramic microspheres. The results of the microstructural analysis and the investigation of strength properties for the aluminum-silicon alloying system are described herein. For comparison Experiments have been carried out for comparison both with classical microspheres and with chromium- and chromium-carbide-coated microspheres to increase the melt adhesion to a microsphere
Finite element analysis of the dynamic interaction between a single abrasive grain and a glass surface
Authors: Kurnenkov Anton , Shurigin Alexei , Glebov Vladimir
Published: November 2019

The article presents the results of 2D and 3D formulation finite element analysis of glass surface scratching process using single abrasive grain. Johnson-Holmquist model JH-2 was chosen to describe the brittle behavior of the glass material. The cracked layer depth for a given depth penetration of grain and scratching speed were obtained.
The polymeric materials turning after workpiece processing with surface-active substances
Authors: Erenkov Oleg , Yavorskii Daniil , Yavorskaya Elena
Published: November 2019

The results of experimental investigations of surface quality after the lathe machining of polymeric materials subjected to preliminary treatment with surface-active substances are presented. The new combined method for polymer parts was developed. This method is based on directed change in the polymer properties by preliminary chemical treatment of the surface layer so as to reduce its resistance in the cutting zone. It has been demonstrated in experiments that the preliminary treatment of workpiece with surfactants ensures an improvement in quality of the surface machined by turning. This is indicated by a reduction in the roughness parameters by a factor of 2–4.5, and the minimum roughness is achieved at a cut depth equal to 1.0–1.15 the surfactant penetration depth into the material
Development of an algorithm for choosing the specialization of the left-turn lane in the zone of a controlled intersection
Authors: Likhachev Dmitry , Dorokhin Sergey , Postavnichii Sergey
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to the methods of organization of left-turn traffic in the area of regulated intersections. As a result of the study of the world experience of arrangement of left-turn traffic at controlled intersections, the authors found that today there is no reasonable approach to the specialization of the strip, based on the study of the main characteristics of the traffic flow. The authors have developed an algorithm based on previously unused characteristics, which allows, depending on the ratio of the intensity of the conflict “direct conflicting and left-turn flow” to determine the necessary way of organizing the movement. As a result of testing the developed algorithm, the efficiency of developed algorithm of choice of specialization to allow left-turn lanes in the area controlled intersection.
Increase of anaerobic polymer materials resistance to vibration loads and working fluids using nanofillers
Authors: Kononenko Alexandr , Mikhalchenkov Alexander , Zabavina Anastasiya
Published: November 2019

The operation of modern machines and equipment is impossible without technical service, which accounts for up to 35% of the total structure of operating costs. Therefore, ensuring timely maintenance with minimal downtime at the lowest cost is a vital task. One of the resource-defining elements of machines is bearing units, and increasing their durability is a promising direction. The analysis of defects occurring in bearing units showed that the main cause of surfaces wear under rolling bearings is fretting corrosion which occurs due to the impossibility to have an effective contact spot with an area of more than 35... 40% in cylindrical joints. There are many ways to restore parts, but due to the high competitive capabilities polymeric compounds methods are widely used. Such materials allow quick repair, they also increase the resource of individual nodes and, as a consequence, the entire renovation object as a whole. Due to their performance characteristics, polymers have been widely used both in manufacturing and in renovation of parts and units operating under severe dynamic loads and aggressive environments. However, they have insufficient resistance to vibration loads and aggressive working fluids. The solution to this problem is the development of new polymer nanocompositions based on anaerobic compositions using dispersed nanofillers. Due to the high surface energy of nanoparticles their introduction into the polymer matrix will increase adhesion strength, resistance to vibration and impact of working fluids.
The method of calculating emissions of pollutants from road transport in an urban environment
Authors: Teterina I. A. , Parsaev E. V.
Published: November 2019

To assess the quality of road traffic organization on environmental indicators, two methods of five regulations operating in the Russian Federation, which take into account the parameters of traffic flow, affecting the volume of emissions Pollutants. The parameter that affects the results of calculations in both methods is the average speed of movement. In real-world conditions on urban highways there are areas where the traffic flow is uneven (braking, acceleration, stopping), which entails an increase in the amount of pollutants from vehicles. At the same time, this uneven traffic is largely due to the existing the road design and traffic engineering on certain elements of the road network. This is the basis for the development of a methodology for calculating pollutant emissions to assess the quality of the traffic engineering, taking into account the uneven flow of traffic.
Calculation of the height parameters of the treated surface roughness under the influence of the flow of abrasive particles
Authors: Tzordanidi Georgi , Pyatnitzkaya Oksana , Fisunova Elena , Lavrenova Tatyana , Baryshnikova Olga
Published: November 2019

A method for calculating the roughness of the treated surface for various methods of processing parts flow of abrasive particles, taking into account the random nature of the formation of the treated surface relief.
The regional machine-building complex: structural-industrial transformation in modern economic realities
Authors: Semenov Evgeniy , Pishchukhin Alexandr , Akhmedyanova Gulnara
Published: November 2019

The work is devoted to the analysis of the development of machine-building complex in the Orenburg region. The main problems of regional engineering are associated with a constant investment deficit and the scarcity of financing programs aimed at modernization and innovative technical and technological updating of the engineering complex. The potential of small enterprises in high-tech industries is very high. These industries require the use of highly skilled labor, including researchers and scientists, which is very important for the preservation and development of the intellectual capital of the region. Small business in mechanical engineering is able to make a powerful leap forward in improving the business sector as a whole. A significant problem of regional engineering is the marked predominance of industrial engineering products and the extremely weak availability of engineering products for the population. In order to correct this imbalance, it is necessary to place engineering industries in small and medium-sized cities: Buzuluk, Buguruslan, Sorochinsk, Kuvandyk, Sol-Iletsk, Abdulino, which have a favorable transport position and favorable conditions for specialization and cooperation. In these centers at small enterprises, it is possible to organize the production of consumer engineering products, as well as components based on cooperation with larger engineering enterprises.
Contact geometry during indentation of a sphere into an elastoplastic half-space
Authors: Ogar Peter , Gorokhov Denis , Zhuk Artem , Kushnarev Vladislav
Published: November 2019

The indentation of a sphere into an elastoplastic half-space is considered, which is accompanied by pile-up / sink-in effects, extrusion of material around a sphere (formation of a bulk) and elastic sinking of the material. The evolution of studies of the indicated phenomena is shown. Based on the similarity of the deformation characteristics, expressions are obtained for determining the indentation depth, the depth of the residual crater, and the contact depth depending on the degree of loading. In this case, the influence of the characteristics of the hardened material — the yield strength and the hardening exponent — were taken into account. The radial boundary of the bulk is determined from the volume of the displaced material. Expressions are obtained for describing the profile of a loaded and unloaded crater.
Modeling of the structure and properties of a mineral wool cylinders
Authors: Ivanov Kazbek , Efimov Boris
Published: November 2019

Thermal insulation is used in almost all industries, providing technological requirements, operational reliability and trouble-free operation of facilities, many of which are classified as explosive and fire hazardous or pose a danger to human health and the environment. Mineral wool cylinders are used to insulation of pipelines in all industries. The main segment is pipeline insulation in various industries for a pipe with small diameter of 12 to 273 mm. When insulating pipes of a larger diameter, segments (half-cylinders) or mats are used. It is widely used at all facilities without restriction, such as: multifunctional shopping centers, private housing, apartment buildings, factories and pipelines of technical equipment, food industry (at the food industry plants apply high fire safety requirements, as well as cleanliness in the workspace), hospitals, kindergartens, schools.
Development of a software package for the tractor fleet formation in agricultural organizations
Authors: Zubina Valeria , Kutyrev Alexey
Published: November 2019

A set of computer programs for the formation of the tractor fleet, taking into account its quantitative and age composition, technical level, loss and shortage of products associated with the deviation of the agrotechnical period in the non-Chernozem zone of Russia and the annual cost of repair and maintenance of tractors. The program is universal for any structure of Park of farms and any region. The menu of program modules is presented. The program will rationally complete the machine and tractor fleet of agricultural enterprises, as well as more reasonably choose the direction of development of the tractor design and determine the most cost-effective, performance and design characteristics of tractor models at the design or procurement stage.
Investigation of the process of abrasive waterjet cutting of steels based on numerical simulation
Authors: Kurnenkov Anton , Shurigin Alexei , Glebov Vladimir
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the results of 3D modeling the process of abrasive waterjet cutting of structural carbon and stainless steel workpiece. The Johnson-Cook model is selected as a material model. Distributions of stress fields in the cutting zone are obtained, as well as the dependences of depth of cut on jet traverse rate at jet velocities of 400 ... 700 m / s and dependences of cutting force on jet velocity at jet traverse rates of 100 ... 400 mm / min.
Theoretical substantiation of parameters of the planetary fruit separator
Authors: Belousov Sergey V. , Onikienko Sergey Yu. , Klinova Darya M.
Published: November 2019

The work is devoted to the theoretical substantiation of the parameters of the planetary fruit separator of nightshade vegetables both in direct and reusable ways. The article has a theoretical research character expressed in the fact that the analysis of the method of harvesting nightshade vegetables is theoretically given. There was determined the main theoretical trend of equipment development and advancing its design to improve the quality of its work. There were given the type of the proposed design, its theoretical description and the flow of technological process. As a result of the work done, the design of the device for reusable nightshade vegetables harvesting with proposed working bodies is presented. The conclusions present the main results achieved so far.
Withdrawn article: Development of the radiant heating facilities for the testing of ceramic materials with operating temperatures up to 2000 K
Authors: Baldzhiev Riza S. , Prosuntsov Pavel V. , Zabezhailov Maksim O.
Published: November 2019

Due to an unintentional misunderstanding between the authors and the guest editors of the conference, the above-mentioned article has been accidentally published in Web of Conferences. The publisher, the guest editors and the authors have therefore commonly decided to remove this article. Request approved on February 19, 2020.
Simulation and optimization of water-wall tube panels design for power boilers
Authors: Kurepin Maxim P. , Serbinovskiy Mikhail Yu.
Published: November 2019

The article presents a water-wall tube panels simulation technique that uses finite element method as well as the power boiler water-wall structure design optimization method. Results of the proposed method verification and its application to the design of boilers of different capacities are discussed. The technique is to replace water-wall tube panels with equivalent plates. Replacement plates’ parameters calculation is reported, panels one-way heating metering is described. Optimization of the water-wall structure design is carried out in two stages: at the first stage, water-wall tube panels are replaced with orthotropic plates; at the second stage, sub-simulation with solid models is used to identify problem areas of the design. Solid-state models of the problem areas get connected to the orthotropic plates at calculated boundary conditions. The described approach improves accuracy of the simulation results and significantly reduces the models complexity and its computation time. The proposed simulation and optimization method has been tested and successfully applied to design power steam boilers with steam generating capacity of 500, 1030 and 1900 tons of steam per hour. As a result, while maintaining the specified reliability and durability, significant reduction of metal content in boiler structure is achieved.
About the need of carrying out researches of wear resistance of groups of mating parts for ensuring anticipatory scheduling of repair influences
Authors: Ivanova Tatyana , Revenko Nikolay , Silivanova Olga
Published: November 2019

The article shows the role of scientifically substantiated system of planning as the function of management of technical maintenance and repair of the equipment on the basis of the analysis of the factors influencing durability of operation of processing equipment of the industrial enterprises. It is shown that the use of system of fixed-schedule maintenance allows: to prepare the controllable and predictable over a long time period repair program according to the types of repair, the types of equipment , the workshops and the whole enterprise; to predict material, financial and labor resources, necessary capital investments in development of production base of repair service; to carry out preliminary preparation of repair work, to carry out them in the minimum terms; it increases the quality of repair and, finally, increases the reliability of the equipment.
Selection of design structure and method of energy transformation in wind power plant
Authors: Pushkarev Andrey , Khvorenkov Dmitriy , Varfolomeeva Olga , Dyagelev Mikhail , Pushkarev Ivan
Published: November 2019

The purpose of the work is to select the design concept of the wind power plant and the method of transformation of mechanical wind energy into electric energy depending on the wind speed in the given area. In order to solve the first task, it is proposed to approximate the distribution of wind speed with the help of the Raleigh Law, to use incomplete gamma functions and to compare the average annual power of wind plants with the vertical and horizontal spin axis. At low wind speeds dependence of wind plant mass with vertical spin axis with different types of generators is analyzed. The multiplication unit design is selected. Friction forces are determined in planetary multiplication unit having high efficiency. The effect of these forces on wind power plant efficiency is analyzed.
Concept design – creating an image of the future
Authors: Lepeshkin Ilya , Lepeshkin Alexander , Tarasov Pavel
Published: November 2019

The article presents an analysis of the tasks of industrial design (and in particular the design of vehicles) and demonstrates the importance of developing not only real objects, the purpose of which is to create cost-effective products, but also conceptual developments, the tasks of which are much wider. Conceptual developments allow us to form an image of the future, which we want to strive for, to form trends and to demonstrate new opportunities that new technologies open up to us. In this regard, the paper demonstrates a new classification of conceptual developments, as well as the competence of the concept designer who carries out such developments. The classifier contains the division of industrial design, conceptual design and concept art. Conceptual design is concentrated near the border of scientific knowledge, which allows the relevant developments, on the one hand, to be guided by modern high technologies (high technology design), and, on the other hand, to offer solutions that can potentially offer an innovative way of development of a particular field of knowledge, forming a request for new technologies. Competence of a concept designer for such work involves, among other things, the ability to work with the future (futurology) and additional competencies in the field of directing and screenwriting, to create an appropriate visual narrative and convey the value content of the projected image of the future.
Eco-friendly polymer materials for agricultural purposes
Authors: Podzorova Mariya , Tertyshnaya Yulia , Popov Anatoly
Published: November 2019

The paper deals with various polymer materials for agricultural purposes. To date, there are many technologies for growing crops that use polymer films: greenhouses, greenhouses, planting seeds in capsules. There are a lot of works on the study of biodegradable compositions based on biopolymers with synthetic polymers, as well as the analysis of the impact of destructive environmental factors on samples. Binary polylactide–low-density polyethylene blends of various compositions were prepared, and their biodegradability in soil and water absorption kinetics. The degree of water absorption is higher for the blends than for the pure polymers. The weight loss is higher upon incubation in laboratory soil compared to open soil. Changes in the specimen macrostructure after exposure to soil were demonstrated by optical microscopy.
Modeling the composition of fine-grained modified concrete elaborated with vibropressing technology
Authors: Pyataev E. R. , Ushakov A. Y.
Published: November 2019

The article analyzes the property requirements of small-piece products used in road construction, specially those related to water and frost resistance. It describes the main features of the vibration technologies involved in the manufacture of building materials, in particular, paving slabs. The article presents conclusive results, obtained through scientific research, which allow us to establish the influence of both, the costs of the main components and the parameters of vibration compression, on the properties of the final product. Combining the analysis of classical methods with the results of experimental research, a methodology has been developed for reaching an optimal composition of fine-grained vibropressed concrete modified with active additives. It is shown that the particular strength achieved from the combination of vibroformed fine-grained concrete, whose average density is 2270–2320 kg/m3, with polymer multifunctional modifiers, is mainly due to the use of Portland cement, a modifying additive, and the pressure conditions employed during the experiment..
Investigation of the effect of laser radiation on the instrumental composition to determine the modes of combined processing
Authors: Vlasov Stanislav , Averyanov Alexander , Tabakov Vladimir , Vlasova Valentina
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the results of the study of the influence of laser radiation effect on the instrumental composition. The mathematical model of heat distribution in a multilayer body is developed, which allows relatively simple data processing. Analysis of the results of the thermal state of the multilayer composition based of the developed mathematical model of the thermal effect of laser radiation on the material is also presented. The model allows to theoretically estimate the parameters of laser treatment in the framework of combined hardening treatment. The work is executed at support of RFBR project №18-48-730011.
Predicting the volume shrinkage while manufacturing the GTE turbine blades
Authors: Vdovin Roman
Published: November 2019

The process analysis of manufacturing the castings of turbine moving blades demonstrated that approximately 5% of the blade blanks from a lot are rejected to a considerable geometric distortion of the blade airfoil. The turbine moving blade casting manufactured by the casting method with directed crystallizing may differ in its geometric and dimensional-accuracy parameters from the design model. The casting geometry varies as a result of high temperature and structural shrinkage deformations which are manifested as the hindered volumetric shrinkage and contraction during crystallizing and upon the casting knockout from the ceramic mould. High-temperature deformations may result in contraction of the casting mould and ceramic core shaping the inner blade cooling channels. As a result, to obtain the blade of the geometric form as set by the designer, it becomes necessary to predict the stress-deformed state of the moving blade casting in order to consider the volumetric shrinkage and deformation in advance. Therefore, predicting and considering the total volumetric shrinkage during the manufacture of the moving blade castings ensuring the minimum contraction of the process system “ceramic mould – casting – ceramic core” is a relevant problem for the modern blank production.
Diagnostik und Klinik eines passageren Lymphozyten-Syndroms bei einer Patientin nach AB0-identer Lungentransplantation
Authors: Dick Andrea , Hatz Rudolf , Humpe Andreas , Kauke Teresa
Published: November 2019

Eine 60-jährige Patientin zeigte 2 Wochen nach Lungentransplantation mit anfänglich guter Organfunktion einen Abfall der Thrombozyten, intermittierendes Fieber unklarer Genese, Diarrhö und eine zunehmende Verschlechterung des Allgemeinzustands. Die laborchemische, mikrobiologische und bildgebende Diagnostik ergab keine Erklärung für die Symptome. Unter der Differenzialdiagnose einer Abstoßung konnte anhand der Lungenbiopsie keine zelluläre Abstoßung festgestellt werden. Im Gegensatz zum Serumbefund vor Transplantation konnten im Serum 3 Wochen nach Transplantation erstmalig HLA-Antikörper mit hohen Signalstärken nachgewiesen werden, aber nicht wie erwartet gegen den Lungendonor, sondern gegen die Lungenempfängerin gerichtet. Die parallel durchgeführte Chimärismusdiagnostik aus peripherem Blut ergab einen Spenderanteil von 0,6%. Die Aufarbeitung der Lungenspenderanamnese (Z. n. Lebertransplantation 4 Tage vor Organspende, Transfusionen und Schwangerschaften) erhärteten den Verdacht eines „Passenger Lymphocyte Syndrome“ (PLS) mit den klinischen Symptomen einer Graft-versus-Host-Reaktion (GvHD). In den weiteren Wochen nach Transplantation verringerten sich die Signalstärken der empfängerspezifischen HLA-Antikörper und es konnten zu keinem Messzeitpunkt donorspezifische HLA-Antikörper nachgewiesen werden. Der Spenderanteil im peripheren Blut ging ebenfalls in der Verlaufskontrolle zurück. Zwölf Wochen nach Transplantation wurde die Patientin in die Rehabilitation entlassen. Anhand dieser Kasuistik soll darauf aufmerksam gemacht werden, dass die im Rahmen einer Lungentransplantation ebenfalls transplantierten immunkompetenten Spenderlymphozyten ein mitunter komplikationsreiches PLS mit den klinischen Zeichen einer GvHD verursachen können.
Common and well-documented Allele List: unverzichtbares Hilfsmittel für die moderne HLA-Typisierung
Authors: Lachmann Nils , Stauch Diana , Pruß Axel
Published: November 2019

Die Typisierung der humanen Leukozytenantigene (HLA) vor Organ- und hämatopoetischer Stammzelltransplantation zur Beurteilung der Kompatibilität von Spender und Empfänger wird heutzutage in der Regel molekulargenetisch mittels Amplifikation, Hybridisierung oder Sequenzierung durchgeführt. Durch die exponentiell steigende Anzahl an neu entdeckten HLA-Allelen treten vermehrt Mehrdeutigkeiten, sogenannte Ambiguitäten, in der HLA-Typisierung auf, die aufgelöst werden müssen, um zu einem eindeutigen Ergebnis zu gelangen. Mithilfe kategorisierter Allelfrequenzen (häufig, gut dokumentiert und selten) in Form von CWD-Allellisten (CWD: common and well-documented) ist die In-silico-Auflösung von Ambiguitäten durch den Ausschluss seltener Allele als mögliches Ergebnis realisierbar. Ausgehend von einer amerikanischen CWD-Liste existieren derzeit auch eine europäische, deutsche und chinesische CWD-Liste, die jeweils regionale Unterschiede in den Allelfrequenzen erkennbar werden lassen. Durch die Anwendung von CWD-Allelfiltern in der klinischen HLA-Typisierung können Zeit, Kosten und Arbeitskraft eingespart werden.
PET/MR: aktuelle Einsatzmöglichkeiten in der onkologischen Diagnostik
Authors: Schaarschmidt Benedikt Michael , Quick Harald H. , Herrmann Ken , Umutlu Lale
Published: November 2019

Die Positronenemissionstomografie/Magnetresonanztomografie (PET/MR) ist ein neues Hybridverfahren. Mit integrierten Hybridsystemen ist es möglich, funktionelle PET-Daten und morphologische und funktionelle MR-Daten gleichzeitig zu messen. Daher ergeben sich im Vergleich zu anderen Schnittbildverfahren deutliche Unterschiede, die insbesondere in der onkologischen Bildgebung zu beachten sind.
Risk of Neonatal Short-Term Adverse Outcomes Associated with Noninfectious Intrapartum Hyperthermia: A Nested Case-Control Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhu Hao , Wu Jiangnan , Yang Yijia , Li Xiaotian , Hu Rong
Published: November 2019

Objective This study aimed to identify risk factors for adverse neonatal outcomes in neonates born to mothers with noninfectious intrapartum hyperthermia.

Study Design A retrospective study was conducted of 460 singleton deliveries diagnosed with noninfectious intrapartum hyperthermia. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between ante- and intrapartum risk factors and neonatal outcomes.

Results The 460 singleton pregnant women were 19 to 43 years of age. They developed an intrapartum temperature of ≥37.5°C somewhere between 340/7 to 414/7 weeks' gestation; 437 (95%) were nulliparous. Meconium-stained amniotic fluid was associated with positive pressure ventilation or intubation ventilation (odds ratio [OR] = 5.940, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.038–17.318), birth depression (OR = 6.288, 95% CI: 2.273–17.399), and wet lung (OR = 2.747, 95% CI: 1.322–5.709). Induction of labor with artificial rupture of membranes (AROM; OR = 2.632, 95% CI: 1.325–5.228) was associated with neonatal infections. Maternal temperature ≥ 38°C was associated with neonate's artery blood gas pH < 7.3 (OR = 2.366, 95%CI: 1.067–5.246) and wet lung (OR = 2.909, 95% CI: 1.515–5.586). Maternal elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) was associated with neonatal infections (OR = 1.993, 95% CI: 1.260–3.154) and wet lung (OR = 2.600, 95% CI: 1.306–5.178).

Conclusion Meconium-stained amniotic fluid, induction of labor, maternal temperature ≥ 38°C, and elevated CRP during labor were risk factors for adverse neonatal outcomes.
A unique temperate rocky coastal hydrothermal vent system (Whakaari–White Island, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand): constraints for ocean acidification studies
Authors: Zitoun R. , Connell S. D. , Cornwall C. E. , Currie K. I. , Fabricius K. , Hoffmann L. J. , Lamare M. D. , Murdoch J. , Noonan S. , Sander S. G. , Sewell M. A. , Shears N. T. , van den Berg C. M. G. , Smith A. M.
Published: November 2019

In situ effects of ocean acidification are increasingly studied at submarine CO2 vents. Here we present a preliminary investigation into the water chemistry and biology of cool temperate CO2 vents near Whakaari–White Island, New Zealand. Water samples were collected inside three vent shafts, within vents at a distance of 2m from the shaft and at control sites. Vent samples contained both seawater pH on the total scale (pHT) and carbonate saturation states that were severely reduced, creating conditions as predicted for beyond the year 2100. Vent samples showed lower salinities, higher temperatures and greater nutrient concentrations. Sulfide levels were elevated and mercury levels were at concentrations considered toxic at all vent and control sites, but stable organic and inorganic ligands were present, as deduced from Cu speciation data, potentially mediating harmful effects on local organisms. The biological investigations focused on phytoplankton, zooplankton and macroalgae. Interestingly, we found lower abundances but higher diversity of phytoplankton and zooplankton at sites in the direct vicinity of Whakaari. Follow-up studies will need a combination of methods and approaches to attribute observations to specific drivers. The Whakaari vents represent a unique ecosystem with considerable biogeochemical complexity, which, like many other vent systems globally, require care in their use as a model of ‘future oceans’.
Privacy-centered design for social robots
Authors: Heuer Tanja , Schiering Ina , Gerndt Reinhard
Published: November 2019

Social robots as companions play an increasingly important role in our everyday life. However, reaching the full potential of social robots and the interaction between humans and robots requires permanent collection and processing of personal data of users, e.g. video and audio data for image and speech recognition. In order to foster user acceptance, trust and to address legal requirements as the General Data Protection Regulation of the EU, privacy needs to be integrated in the design process of social robots. The Privacy by Design approach by Cavoukian indicates the relevance of a privacy-respecting development and outlines seven abstract principle.

In this paper two methods as a hands-on guideline to fulfill the principles are presented and discussed in the content of the Privacy by Design approach. Privacy risks of a typical robot scenario are identified, analyzed and solutions are proposed on the basis of theseven types of privacyand theprivacy protection goals.
Syntactic and semantic agreement in Eegimaa (Banjal)
Authors: Sagna Serge
Published: November 2019

Typological research on agreement systems recognises syntactic and semantic agreement as the two main types of agreement, with the former considered to be more canonical. An examination of different manifestations of semantic agreement found in the Gújjolaay Eegimaa1noun class (non sex based gender) system is proposed in this paper from the perspective of Canonical Typology, and the findings are related to the Agreement Hierarchy predictions. The results show that Eegimaa has hybrid nouns and constructional mismatches which trigger semantically based agreement mismatches, both in gender and number between controller nouns and certain targets. This paper shows that Eegimaa has two main subtypes of semantic agreement: human semantic agreement and locative semantic agreement. The data and the analysis proposed here reveal novel results according to which these two types of semantic agreement behave differently in relation to the Agreement Hierarchy.
Linguistic units and their systems
Authors: Krekoski Ross
Published: November 2019

A theoretical discussion of units in linguistic theory would be, in a sense, incomplete without a discussion of the systems, whether overt or implied, that the units are associated with. This paper traces conceptualizations of units and their accompanying systems in several disciplines. We identify some important problems with rule-based accounts (Parsons 1937) of social action and discuss the transition to non-rule-based theory afforded by ethnomethodology (e.g.Garfinkel 1963,1967;Heritage 1984,2011). We draw direct parallels between these issues and analogous developments in mathematical logic (Gödel 1992) and philosophy of mind (Fodor 1968,1983;Lucas 1961;Putnam 1960,1967etc.), and argue that these stem directly from fundamental properties of a class of all formal systems which permit self-reference. We argue that, since these issues are architectural in nature, linguistic theory which postulates that linguistic units are the outputs of a consistent, self-referential, rule-based formal systems (e.g.Hauser, Chomsky & Fitch 2002) will inevitably run into similar problems. This is further supported by examples from actual language use which, as a class, will elude any theoretical explanation grounded in such a system.
The naked truth about the Chamorro dual
Authors: Stolz Thomas
Published: November 2019

It is argued that the traditional belief that the formal expression of the dual in Chamorro is restricted to intransitivity / low transitivity is inadequate since it precludes the possibility of accounting constructions in which the dual is also expressed in combination with transitive verbs. In the empirical part of the study, evidence of the recurrent violations of the intransitivity-based restrictions is discussed. It is shown that the dual is not excluded from transitive predicates. The dual is also firmly established in the realm of transitivity albeit only in the third person. In addition, the dual also exists in areas of Chamorro grammar for which it has hitherto been ignored. The hypothesis is put forward that the dual in the domain of transitivity is a diachronic innovation. The Chamorro facts are compared to those of Numic languages in North America.
Reconstitution of biosynthetic machinery of fungal natural products in heterologous hosts
Authors: Oikawa Hideaki
Published: November 2019

Ascomycota and basidiomycota fungi are prolific sources of biologically active natural products. Recent genomic data and bioinformatic analysis indicate that fungi possess a large number of biosynthetic gene clusters for bioactive natural products but more than 90% are silent. Heterologous expression in the filamentous fungi as hosts is one of the powerful tools to expression of the silent gene clusters. This review introduces recent studies on the total biosynthesis of representative family members via common platform intermediates, genome mining of novel di- and sesterterpenoids including detailed cyclization pathway, and development of expression host for basidiomycota genes with efficient genome editing method. In addition, this review will discuss the several strategies, for the generation of structural diversity, which are found through these studies.
Time evolution in quantum systems: a closer look at student understanding
Authors: Passante Gina , Schermerhorn Benjamin P , Pollock Steven J , Sadaghiani Homeyra R
Published: November 2019

Time evolution of quantum systems has been shown to be one of the most difficult components of a typical undergraduate quantum mechanics course. In this work, we examine the current literature, and then take a closer look at the process that students use to determine how the quantum state of a spin-1/2 particle evolves with time. We divide the process of writing a time-dependent state into five elements and use these to both directly probe student understanding and guide our coding of student responses. We focus on three elements of this process, including knowledge of the Hamiltonian, the energy eigenstates and eigenvalues, and what basis should be used when writing the state as a function of time using the phase

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. Analysis of four exam questions given at three institutions suggests that knowledge of the energy eigenbasis and its importance for time evolution may be a weak point in student understanding.
Ordering on different length scales in liquid and amorphous materials
Authors: Salmon Philip S , Zeidler Anita
Published: November 2019

The ordering on different real-space length scales is considered for a variety of glass-forming materials, ranging from densely packed amorphous metals and hard-sphere glassy colloids, to simple tetrahedral systems that include amorphous silicon and patchy colloids, to decorated tetrahedral systems that include amorphous ice and network-forming glasses with the AX2 stoichiometry (A  =  Si, Ge or Zn; X  =  O, S, Se or Cl). The ordering manifests itself as distinct peaks in the total structure factor

, where k denotes the magnitude of the scattering vector, with positions k

i
(i  =  1, 2 or 3) that scale with the nearest-neighbour distance. Different length scales emerge with complexity of the bonding scheme. A peak at k
3 is a generic feature associated with nearest-neighbour contacts, and is therefore present in

for all of the materials. A second longer-length scale emerges as a peak at

if the bonding scheme assumes a directional character, leading to the formation of tetrahedral motifs in amorphous silicon and patchy colloids, or to Se–Se–Se chain segments in glassy selenium. A third still-longer-length scale appears for AX2 glasses as a first sharp diffraction peak at

, where the scaled peak position depends on the character of the local network of A atoms. The geometrical origin of the peaks in

and corresponding partial structure factors is considered, and equations are given for predicting the peak positions. The change in system fragility with the emergence of ordering on different length scales is discussed, along with the effect of pressure.
Mechanical properties and microstructure of A356 alloy reinforced AlN/MWCNT/graphite/Al composites fabricated by stir casting
Authors: Logesh K , Hariharasakthisudhan P , Arul Marcel Moshi A , Rajan B Surya , K Sathickbasha
Published: November 2019

In this experimental research work, the metal matrix composites of A356 alloy were prepared by reinforcing different shaped particles Aluminium Nitride (AlN), Multi-Walled Carbon Nano Tube (MWCNT) and graphite (Gr). The main objective of this research work was to investigate the influence of different shaped reinforcement in the microstructure and mechanical behaviour of composites. The reinforcements (AlN & MWCNT) were added as 0.5, 0.75, 1 and 2 vol% and the graphite was maintained in 0.5 vol%. The composites were fabricated using stir casting followed by ultrasonic vibration treatment. The tensile, compression and Brinell hardness test were carried out by following ASTM standards. The characterization of reinforcements, castings and fractured surfaces was performed using Optical Microscope (OM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The mechanical tests and characterization results revealed that there was a significant influence of morphology of reinforcements on mechanical properties of the materials. Particle strengthening and grain refinement strengthening were found to be operative in the composites. The SEM micrograph of fractured surface of composites with MWCNT exhibited the crack bridging effect as strengthening mechanism apart from particle strengthening. The porosity and cluster of reinforcements were observed in the composites with MWCNT more than 1 vol% of and AlN 0.75 vol%.
Blue and green emission from Ho3+ doped zinc titanate phosphor thin films by sol-gel
Authors: Elhadi Suliman Eltayeb , Lu Yadong , Liu Chao
Published: November 2019

Zinc titanate ZnTiO3 phosphor thin films doped with 1, 2, and 3 mol% of Ho3+ ions were fabricated using sol-gel method a combined with dip-coating technique on silica glass substrate and subsequent thermal annealing in the range of 600–900 °C. Effects of annealing temperature and Ho3+ ions concentration on the structure and optical properties of these phosphor thin films were investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-visible transmittance spectroscopy, excitation, and emission spectroscopy. Results revealed that ZnTiO3 nanocrystals were formed upon 600 °C annealing temperature. At 900 °C polycrystalline films including ZnO and TiO2 anatase phase were observed. The average diameter of nanocrystals showed temperature dependence and was varied in the range-over 15–48 nm which was revealed by SEM images with cracks free. The EDS showed homogenous distribution of Ho3+ ions in the thin film specimens. It was found that Ho3+ ions incorporated into the nanocrystals. As a result, the room temperature luminescence color emission of the synthesized phosphor thin film specimens can be tuned from blue to green by switching the excitation wavelength from 360 nm to 430 nm. The achieved result makes these phosphor thin films promising for several applications such as optoelectronics and light-emitting.
Topological current for transverse electrical and thermal conductivity in thermoelectric effect
Authors: Shi Xuguang
Published: November 2019

Thermoelectric efficiency of the traditional thermoelectric material is low, which restricts the large scale applications. Recently, the developing of the topological insulator provides a new opportunity to get high thermoelectric efficiency material. There are two effects in topological insulator: anomalous Hall and Nernst effect, which have contribution to the transport properties. Because of anomalous Hall and Nernst effect the electrical thermal conductivity have transverse parts, which affect the Seebeck coefficient. However, the transverse parts can be expressed by Berry curvature. By using of φ-mapping topological theory, the Berry curvature is studied and we find there is topological vortex in the momentum space. The Bloch wave function is zero at the topological vortex. Finally, the relationships between the topological vortex and the transverse electrical and thermal conductivity is given and how the topology affects the Seebeck coefficient is researched in detail.
Mortality and HSP Genes Expression in the Endoparasitoid Cotesia chilonis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) After Cold Acclimation at Different Temperatures
Authors: Song Jie , Cao Shuang-Shuang , Lu Ming-Xing , Du Yu-Zhou
Published: November 2019

Cotesia chilonis (Munakata) is an endoparasitoid wasp of Chilo suppressalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidea) larvae. Little is known regarding the tolerance of C. chilonis after cold acclimation at different temperatures. In this study, we investigated mortality and the molecular basis of temperature tolerance in C. chilonis reared under normal conditions (27°C) and after cold acclimation at 4°C for 5 d. We evaluated the relative expression of five genes encoding heat shock proteins (HSPs) in C. chilonis by RT-qPCR after cold acclimation and exposure to temperature stress. The results demonstrated that cold acclimation could significantly enhance the survival of C. chilonis adults under high temperatures, and expression of the five C. chilonis HSP genes had distinctly different expression patterns in response to temperatures. Cchsp40 and Cchsp90 had similar expression pattern that upregulated significantly at −12 and 39°C. Cchsp70 could be induced by high and low temperatures, whereas Cchsp60 and Cchsc70 showed no significant difference in expression when exposed to thermal stress. This study provides important biological information that may help extend the shelf life of C. chilonis, which is an important consideration in the use of this wasp as a biological control agent.
The Plastic Surgery Social Media Influencer: Ethical Considerations and a Literature Review
Authors: Gupta Nisha , Dorfman Robert , Saadat Sean , Roostaeian Jason
Published: November 2019

Background

Social media use has become a relevant tool in plastic surgery. These platforms are utilized for many reasons, such as business promotion. Although beneficial, social media can cause ethical dilemmas if used incorrectly.

Objectives

A review of the literature revealed what is understood about the implications of social media in regards to sponsorship/promotion. This paper aimed to create the foundation surrounding this topic and help facilitate future discussions on this new ethical dilemma.

Methods

A MEDLINE search with a custom publication date range and a review of the literature was conducted on June 15, 2019.

Results

The search yielded 139 articles and abstracts. After review, 26 publications were chosen for analysis. Articles were taken from the following journals: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (n = 12), Aesthetic Surgery Journal (n = 8), PRS Global Open (n = 2), Annals of Plastic Surgery (n = 1), BMJ (n = 1), AMA Journal of Ethics (n = 1), and Facial Plastic Surgery (n = 1). The 4 principles of medical ethics were analyzed in respect to promotion and sponsorship in plastic surgery.

Conclusions

Social media is a novel platform that is becoming increasingly utilized in plastic surgery. Although its impact can be beneficial, it is not well understood in the context of social media sponsorship and promotion. To date, no peer-reviewed articles specifically discuss these limitations. It is critical that all plastic surgeons be cognizant of both the positive and negative aspects of social media before integrating it into their professional lives.