bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A 12-year-old boy presented with jaundice, abdominal distension and leg edema
Authors: Benzamin Md. , Islam Rafiqul , Subha Nahid E , Begum Fahmida
Published: February 2020

This article has no abstract. The first 100 words appear below:
A 12-year-old immunized boy, 3rd issue of consanguineous parents, presented with jaundice for the last 4 months and gradual abdominal distension for last 2 months. Mother also mentioned the swelling of both ankles for the same duration. He had anorexia, nausea and generalized weakness. There was no history of previous jaundice, blood transfusion, surgical procedure, history of taking offending drugs, no family history of liver disease, deterioration of school performance or neuropsychiatric manifestations, bleeding manifestations, behavioral abnormality, altered consciousness or convulsion.
A 15-year-old boy presented with large cerebriform hyperpigmented plaque over scalp
Authors: Zaman Yasmin Ara , Dutta Shourav , Tribedi Swarna , Asaduzzaman A. T. M. , Paul Harasit Kumar , Dey Bishnu Pada , Islam Md. Nazrul
Published: February 2020

This article has no abstract. The first 100 words appear below:
A 15-year-old boy 4th issue of a non-consanguineous parents presented with a history of multiple plaques and patches on the scalp, trunk, upper and lower extremities since birth. Initially, the plaques and patches were smaller in sizes, dark brown in color, painless and non-pruritic. Since 4th year of his age, these plaques start increasing in size and color turned into black gradually. The lesion on the scalp became a giant cerebriform plaque that involved left parietal region. Lesions on the trunk, upper and lower extremities became polysized and polyshaped hyperpigmented papules and nodules.
Age-related cardiovascular response to tilt test in healthy volunteers of both sexes
Authors: Rimi Sadia Afrin , Ferdousi Sultana , Sultana Shamima
Published: February 2020

This study aimed to assess the age-related changes in the cardiovascular response to tilt test in 90 healthy individuals of both sexes (age range: 18-60 years). Tilting was done at 600 for 10 min using a motorized tilt table. The blood pressure was recorded by a sphygmomanometer. The heart rate and peripheral capillary oxygen saturation were measured by a pulse oximeter. In males, significantly lesser changes in the systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure were observed in the old age (47-60 years) than the young (18-32 years) and middle age (33-46 years) groups. Significantly lesser responses in the heart rate and systolic blood pressure change were observed in the old age females compared to young age after tilting. The rise of diastolic blood pressure after tilting was lesser in the old age female compared to both young and middle-age females. In conclusion, the aging process is associated with attenuated cardiovascular response to tilt test in both males and females.
Upaya Meningkatkan Penyesuaian Sosial Anak Asuh Usia Remaja di Panti Asuhan
Authors: Ramanda Peni , Ramdani Ramdani
Published: February 2020

Penyesuaian sosial merupakan salah satu dari tugas perkembangan diusia remaja. Penyesuaian sosialmerupakan tugas perkembangan terberat yang harus dipenuhi diusia remaja, termasuk oleh anak asuh usiaremaja yang tinggal di panti asuhan. Remaja yang tinggal di panti asuhan cenderung lebih mudah mengalamimasalah dibandingkan remaja yang tinggal dengan keluarga sendiri. Salah satu masalah tersebut adalahpenyesuaian sosial. Masalah penyesuaian sosial mestinya mendapat jalan keluar yang tepat yang sesuaidengan sumber masalahnya. Sumber masalah penyesuaian sosial tersebut ada yang bersumber dari pemikiranirrasional dan ada yang bukan. Alternatif bantuan yang diberikan kepada anak asuh usia remaja yang memilikimasalah penyesuaian sosial yang bersumber dari pimikiran irrasional adalah REBT setting group. Sedangkanalternatif bantuan yang diberikan kepada anak asuh usia remaja di panti asuhan yang bersumber bukan daripemikiran irrasional adalah layanan bimbingan kelompok. Pemberian bantuan ini mestinya dilakukan olehtenaga professional. Oleh karena itu, disarankan agar panti asuhan memiliki konselor panti asuhan yang bisamemberikan layanan bimbingan kelompok dan REBT setting group sebagai upaya untuk mengentaskanmasalah penyesuaian sosial anak asuh usia remaja di panti asuhan.Katakunci: Penyesuaian sosial, REBT setting group, layanan bimbingan kelompok
Efforts To Coaching Competence of Teacher Guidance And Counseling (Descriptive Study in High School Se-Rejang Lebong)
Authors: Rofiqah Tamama
Published: February 2020

Sentral pengembangan BK, secara spesifik difokuskan kepada kompetensi guru BK.Keterandalan guru BK dalammenampilkan kinerja dapat menumbuhkan kepercayaan publik maupun akuntabilitas, sehingga profesi ini semakindiakui dan dimanfaatkan keberadaannya.Kompetensi itu perlu dibakukan, dicapai sesuai harapan tiap guru BK disekolah.Kepala sekolah selaku penanggung jawab seluruh penyelenggaraan pendidikan di sekolah memegangperanan strategis dalam mengembangkan layanan BK di sekolah.Salah satu peran kepala sekolah dalam peningkatankompetensi guru BK dilakukan melalui berbagai upaya pembinaan dan pelatihan
Efektifitas Layanan Konseling Perorangan Dalam Mengurangi Agresi Kelas X RPL SMK Negeri 4 Batam Effectiveness Individual Counseling Services to Decrease Aggression of Class X RPL SMK Negeri 4 Batam
Authors: Harweni Puji , Primakuria Septi
Published: February 2020

Pendidikan merupakan kemajuan bangsa, dalam membentuk manusia yang berbudaya dan bermartabat yang jauh dari perilaku kekerasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membantu siswa dalam mengurangi agresi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pre-eksperimen dengan The One Group Pretest-Posttest. Sampel penelitian dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Instrument yang digunakan angket yang dianalisis menggunakan Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test dengan program SPSS 20. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa layanan konseling perorangan efektif dalam mengurangi agresi siswa. Hal ini terlihat dari terdapatnya perbedaan agresi siswa kelompok eksperimen pada pretest dan posttest dengan nilai Z -2,521 dan signifikansinya 0,012.Keywords: konseling perorangan, agresi Education is national development in making civilized and dignified human come further from violence. This research aims to help students to dicrease the agression. This reasech uses pre-exprement by using The One Group Pretest-Posttest. The samples of this research were selected by using purposive sampling technique. The instruments were questionaire and analized by using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test with SPSS 20 program. The result shows that Individual Counseling Services were efective to decrease students’ agression. It can be seen from the agression defferences between exprement group students’ pre-test and post-test velues. The value was Z -2,521 and its significant was  0,012.Keywords: Individual Counceling, Aggression
Konseling Religius: Mengatasi Rasa Kecemasan Dengan Mengadopsi Terapi Zikir Berbasis Religiopsikoneuroimunologi Religious Counseling: Overcoming Anxiety with the Adoption of Religiopsikoneuroimunologi Based Remembrance Therapy
Authors: Rofiqah Tamama
Published: February 2020

Setiap individu dalam menjalani kehidupannya pernah mengalami kecemasan, baik kecemasan itu berasal dari dalam diri seperti cemas terhadap suatu penyakit maupun yang berasal dari luar diri seperti ancaman dari orang lain. Perasaan cemas yang diderita manusia bersumber dari hilangnya makna hidup (the meaning of life). Dewasa ini terlihat adanya fenomena kehampaan spiritual dalam diri manusia modern dan untuk mengatasinya dapat diupayakan melalui konseling religius. Konseling religius merupakan salah satu konseling dengan nuansa religi yang bertujuan membantu individu/klien memahami diri sendiri, yakni mengenal pribadi, menetapkan tujuan dan makna hidup, membentuk nilai yang menjadi pegangan hidup serta mengembangkan potensi seoptimal mungkin. Oleh sebab itu, usaha memfungsikan kembali spiritualitas seseorang untuk mencapai kondisi psikis yang sehat dapat dilakukan dengan menerapkan terapi zikir berbasis religiopsikoneuimunologi. Karena zikir mengandung unsur psikoteraputik yang efektif, tidak hanya dari sudut kesehatan mental tetapi juga kesehatan jasmani. Zikir ini merupakan penanaman nilai-nilai tauhidiyah dalam diri seseorang. Zikir dengan basis religiopsikoneuimunologi merupakan salah satu alternatif mengatasi kecemasan. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara agama (religi), jiwa (psikis) dan tubuh (neuroimunologi). Keyword: Kecemasan, Terapi Zikir berbasis Religiopsikoneuimonologi Every individual ever experiences anxiety in his life, either intrinsic anxiety which comes from inside, such as anxiety about an illness or extrinsic anxiety which comes from outside, such as somebody’s threat. Anxiety felt by human occured as the result of loss of the meaning of life feeling. Nowadays, it has been seen the spiritual emptiness phenomenon at modern human beings and to overcome it,  it can be pursued through religious counseling. Religious counseling is one of counselings with religious nuance which aims to help individuals / clients in understand themselves, knowing own personality, defining the purpose and meaning of life, shaping values of life as life guidance and developing the personal potential optimally. Therefore, the effort to re-creating one's spirituality to achieve a healthy psychological condition can be done by applying the religiopsikoneuimunologi based remembrance therapy. Since remembrance contains effective elements of psychotherapeutic that is not only in terms of mental health but also the pyshical health. This remembrance  is a Tauhidiyah value investment of people. Religiopsikoneuimunologi based remembrance is one alternative to overcome anxiety. The study swows that there is a significant relationship between religion (religion), soul (psyche) and pyshic (neuroimmunology). Keyword: Anxiety, Religiopsikoneuimunologi Based Remembrance Therapy
PENGARUH POLA ASUH TERHADAP KECERDASAN MAJEMUK ANAK
Authors: Marpaung Junierissa
Published: February 2020

Kecerdasan majemuk pertama kali diperkenalkan tahun 1983 oleh Howard Gardner di Harvard School of Education and Harvard Project Zero. Menurut Gardner, kecerdasan melebihi dari hanya sekedar IQ (Intelligence Quotient) karena IQ yang tinggi tanpa ada produktifitas bukan merupakan kecerdasan yang baik. Anak harus dinilai berdasarkan apa yang mereka dapat kerjakan bukan apa yang tidak dapat mereka kerjakan. Kecerdasan didefinisikan sebagai kemampuan untuk memecahkan masalah dan memiliki nilai lebih dalam sebuah kultur masyarakat. Kecerdasan mejemuk diartikan sebuah penilaian yang melihat secara deskriptif bagaimana individu menggunakan kecerdasannya untuk memecahkan masalah dan menghasilkan sesuatu. Delapan macam kecerdasan majemuk, yaitu: kecerdasan linguistik, kecerdasan logika matematika,kecerdasan kinestetik, kecerdasan musikal, kecerdasan visual spasial, kecerdasan interpersonal, kecerdasan intrapersonal,dan kecerdasan naturalistik. Adapun faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kecerdasan majemuk salah satu diantaranya adalah lingkungan rumah, dimana di dalam lingkungan rumah meliputi pola asuh orang tua. Kata Kunci: Multiple Intelligence, Pola Asuh
PARTISIPASI MIGRAN DALAM PEMILIHAN KEPALA DAERAH DI KOTA BATAM
Authors: Rofiqah Tamama
Published: February 2020

Sebelum menjadi kawasan industrialisasi, Batam hanya sebuah pulau yang sepi dengan jumlah penduduk yang relative kecil yang sebagian besar menetap di kawasan pesisir pantai. Tetapi tata letak lokasi strategis dan ditetapkan sebagai kota industri maka Batam berubah menjadi Kota Pekerja. Hal ini memberikan peluang terjadinya arus migrasi ke Batam. Tingginya tingkat migrasi ke Kota Batam berdampak pada komposisi penduduk setempat, salah satu pengaruhnya adalah dalam pemilihan kepala daerah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengungkapkan bagaimana partisipasi para migran dalam kegiatan politik lokal terutama dalam pemilihan kepala daerah di kota Batam. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa para migran pada umumnya “belum” berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan politik, hanya sebagian kecil saja yang ikut terlibat karena ada kepentingan-kepentingan politis di dalamnya. Para migran rata-rata adalah remaja yang tingkat pendidikannya masih rendah hanya tamatan SMA/Sederajat. Hal ini menjadi salah satu penyebab para migran bersikap “acuh” terhadap kebijakan-kebijakan pemerintah, termasuk dalam menyalurkan hak suara pada pemilihan kepala daerah. Selain karena faktor di atas, faktor etnis juga menjadi sebab migran tidak menyalurkan hak politiknya. terungkap bahwa, mereka tidak ikut dalam pemilihan kepala daerah dikarenakan hanya orang pribumi (dalam hal ini ras Melayu) yang menjadi pilihan dalam pemilihan kepala daerah
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PERILAKU MEROKOK DENGAN PRESTASI AKADEMIK
Authors: Yanizon Ahmad
Published: February 2020

Merokok merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan utama di Indonesia pada berbagai kelompok termasuk pada kalangan mahasiswa di UNRIKA. Dimana perilaku merokok kini sering dijumpai di sebagian besar fakultas yang ada di Universitas Riau Kepulauan Batam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat hubungan antara perilaku merokok dengan prestasi akademik mahasiswa di Universitas Riau Kepulauan Batam. Model penelitian bersifat korelatif dan menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel secara propotional random sampling terhadap 118 populasi dengan jumlah sampel 91 responden di Universitas Riau Kepulauan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada tanggal 09 sampai 17 Mei 2017dengan menggunakan angket yang terdiri dari 32 pernyataan. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji asumsi meliputi uji normalitas untuk menguji apakah pola sebaran variabel X dan variabel Y membentuk linear atau tidak. Untuk menguji hubungan antara kedua variabel digunakan analisis Product Moment Correlation yang diolah dengan bantuan SPSS. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data penelitian, korelasinya ( ) 0,001 dan dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara perilaku merokok dengan prestasi akademik mahasiswa  UNRIKA Batam.
Influence of Collagen and Chondroitin Sulfate (CS) Coatings on Poly-(Lactide-co-Glycolide) (PLGA) on MG 63 Osteoblast-Like Cells
Authors: VANDROVCOVÁ M. , DOUGLAS T. , HAUK D. , GRÖSSNER-SCHREIBER B. , WILTFANG J. , BAČÁKOVÁ L. , WARNKE P. H.
Published: February 2020

Poly-(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) is an FDA-approved biodegradable polymer which has been widely used as a scaffold for tissue engineering applications. Collagen has been used as a coating material for bone contact materials, but relatively little interest has focused on biomimetic coating of PLGA with extracellular matrix components such as collagen and the glycosaminoglycan chondroitin sulfate (CS). In this study, PLGA films were coated with collagen type I or collagen I with CS (collagen I/CS) to investigate the effect of CS on the behaviour of the osteoblastic cell line MG 63. Collagen I/CS coatings promoted a significant increase in cell number after 3 days (in comparison to PLGA) and after 7 days (in comparison to PLGA and collagen-coated PLGA). No influence of collagen I or collagen I/CS coatings on the spreading area after 1 day of culture was observed. However, the cells on collagen I/CS formed numerous filopodia and displayed well developed vinculin-containing focal adhesion plaques. Moreover, these cells contained a significantly higher concentration of osteocalcin, measured per mg of protein, than the cells on the pure collagen coating. Thus, it can be concluded that collagen I/CS coatings promote MG 63 cell proliferation, improve cell adhesion and enhance osteogenic cell differentiation.
Sudden Cardiac Death Thirty Years Ago and at Present. The Role of Autonomic Disturbances in Acute Myocardial Infarction Revisited
Authors: POKORNÝ J. , STANĚK V. , VRÁNA M.
Published: February 2020

The most common cause of sudden cardiac death is ventricular fibrillation (VF). In addition to the status, size and location of the ventricular focus, a major pathogenic mechanism triggering VF is autonomic dysbalance (disturbance). This term refers to a wide range of reflex changes in the ratio of sympathetic to vagal ventricular activation over time, occurring immediately after coronary artery occlusion at the onset of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Another trigger of VF is autonomic disturbance due to emotional stress. Experimental and clinical research into autonomic disturbances associated with coronary artery occlusion and emotional stress was given considerable attention as early as some 30 years ago when researchers were already searching for ways of inhibiting autonomic disturbances using predominant sympathetic and vagal activation by beta-blockers (BB) and atropine, respectively. The aim of our paper is to compare results obtained 30 years ago with current status of experimental and clinical research into SCD prevention. Another aim is to identify questions that have remained unanswered to date; answers to these outstanding questions could help further reduce the risk of SCD.
Eye Tracking Using Artificial Neural Networks for Human Computer Interaction
Authors: DEMJÉN E. , ABOŠI V. , TOMORI Z.
Published: February 2020

This paper describes an ongoing project that has the aim to develop a low cost application to replace a computer mouse for people with physical impairment. The application is based on an eye tracking algorithm and assumes that the camera and the head position are fixed. Color tracking and template matching methods are used for pupil detection. Calibration is provided by neural networks as well as by parametric interpolation methods. Neural networks use back-propagation for learning and bipolar sigmoid function is chosen as the activation function. The user’s eye is scanned with a simple web camera with backlight compensation which is attached to a head fixation device. Neural networks significantly outperform parametric interpolation techniques: 1) the calibration procedure is faster as they require less calibration marks and 2) cursor control is more precise. The system in its current stage of development is able to distinguish regions at least on the level of desktop icons. The main limitation of the proposed method is the lack of head-pose invariance and its relative sensitivity to illumination (especially to incidental pupil reflections).
Notch Signaling May Negatively Regulate Neonatal Rat Cardiac Fibroblast-Myofibroblast Transformation
Authors: FAN Y.-H. , DONG H. , PAN Q. , CAO Y.-J. , LI H. , WANG H.-C.
Published: February 2020

Cardiac fibroblast-myofibroblast transformation (CMT) is a critical event in the initiation of myocardial fibrosis. Notch signaling has been shown to regulate myofibroblast transformation from other kinds of cells. However, whether Notch signaling is also involved in CMT remains unclear. In the present study, expressions of Notch receptors in cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were examined, effects of Notch signaling inhibitor N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) on CMT were determined by increasing alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression and collagen synthesis, and Notch signaling was examined by analyzing expressions of Notch receptors. The results showed that: (1) Notch receptor 1, 2, 3 and 4 were all expressed in CFs; (2) DAPT promoted CMT in a time-dependent manner; (3) During the period of CMT induced by TGF-β1, expressions of Notch receptor 1, 3 and 4 in CFs were down-regulated, whereas there was no change for Notch receptor 2. Moreover, the downtrends of Notch 1, 3 and 4 were corresponding to the trend growth of α-SMA expression and collagen synthesis. These results suggested that inhibiting of Notch signaling might promote CMT. The down-regulations of Notch receptor 1, 3 and 4 induced by TGF-β1 may facilitate CMT. In conclusion, inhibition of Notch signaling might be a novel mechanism of CMT in myocardial fibrosis.
Disodium Cromoglycate Attenuates Hypoxia Induced Enlargement of End-Expiratory Lung Volume in Rats
Authors: MAXOVÁ H. , HEZINOVÁ A. , VÍZEK M.
Published: February 2020

Mechanism responsible for the enlargement of end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) induced by chronic hypoxia remains unclear. The fact that the increase in EELV persists after return to normoxia suggests involvement of morphological changes. Because hypoxia has been also shown to activate lung mast cells, we speculated that they could play in the mechanism increasing EELV similar role as in vessel remodeling in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH). We, therefore, tested an effect of mast cells degranulation blocker disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) on hypoxia induced EELV enlargement. Ventilatory parameters, EELV and right to left heart weight ratio (RV/LV+S) were measured in male Wistar rats. The experimental group (H+DSCG) was exposed to 3 weeks of normobaric hypoxia and treated with DSCG during the first four days of hypoxia, control group was exposed to hypoxia only (H), two others were kept in normoxia as non-treated (N) and treated (N+DSCG) groups. DSCG treatment significantly attenuated the EELV enlargement (H+DSCG=6.1±0.8; H=9.2±0.9; ml ± SE) together with the increase in minute ventilation (H+DSCG=190±8; H=273±10; ml/min ± SE) and RV/LV+S (H+DSCG=0.39±0.03; H=0.50±0.06).
Voltage-Dependent P/Q-Type Calcium Channels at the Frog Neuromuscular Junction
Authors: NURULLIN L. F. , MUKHITOV A. R. , TSENTSEVYTSKY A. N. , PETROVA N. V. , SAMIGULLIN D. V. , MALOMOUZH A. I. , BUKHARAEVA E. A. , VYSKOČIL F. , NIKOLSKY E. E.
Published: February 2020

It is well known that antagonists of N-type voltage-gated calcium channels inhibit the evoked quantal release of acetylcholine in amphibian neuromuscular synapses. This, however, does not exclude the functional expression of other types of voltage-gated calcium channels in these nerve terminals. Using immunocytochemistry, we detected the expression of the 1A subunit of P/Q-type calcium channels (that is otherwise typical of mammalian motor nerve endings) in the frog neuromuscular junction. In addition, we demonstrated that the P/Q-type channel blocker ω-agatoxin IVA (20 nM) reduced the action potential-induced calcium transient and significantly decreased both spontaneous and evoked mediator release. Our data indicates the functional expression of P/Q-type calcium channels in the frog motor nerve ending which participate in acetylcholine release.
ANALISIS MANAJEMEN RISIKO TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI MENGGUNAKAN COBIT 5 (STUDI KASUS: PT GLOBAL INFOTECH)
Authors: Thenu Prilly Peshaulia , Wijaya Agustinus Fritz , Rudianto Christ
Published: February 2020

PT Global Infotech Solutions is a company engaged in the field of IT solutions. The company does business by becoming an IT consultant or providing solutions to every customer who has problems including software, hardware and networking systems. Information technology is supporting business in the company, so IT risks can occur at any time. Seeing this problem, management / managing risk is the right way to minimize the potential losses incurred. Therefore, in this study the authors conducted risk management of information technology using COBIT 5. The measurement results of capability level that PT Global Infotech Solutions is at level 1 in managing risk according to the APO12 domain. There are several recommendations given so that risk management can run well.
Excavation of two burnt mounds and a wooden trough near Ryeriggs, Fochabers, Moray
Authors: Savory Gary
Published: February 2020

The remains of two burnt mounds were identified and later excavated at Ryeriggs, Moray during an archaeological watching brief undertaken by CFA Archaeology Ltd in April 2016 ahead of works for the installation of an HVDC cable between Port Gordon and Blackhillock Substation in Moray. The subsequent archaeological excavation revealed a wooden trough underneath the deposits of one of the burnt mounds, the timbers of which were dated to the Early Bronze Age. This is the first such feature which has been excavated in Moray.
Protestant ‘Indian Mission’ Work in Guatemala from a Woman Missionary's Perspective: Dora Burgess (1887–1962)
Authors: Lee Sun Yong
Published: February 2020

Dora Belle McLaughlin Burgess was an American Presbyterian missionary, devoted to the mission to the Quiché tribe in Guatemala from 1913 to 1962. During her service, she translated the New Testament from Greek into the Quiché language. She also published a hymnal in Quiché and an ethnographic writing on Quiché culture. This paper attempts to shed light on the life of Dora Burgess, whose work was unknown, and to trace the formation of her identity as a missionary and her mission approach to the native inhabitants. In doing so, the paper argues that her interaction with the native tribes in the mission field shaped her identity as a missionary and her understanding of mission in ways in which the indigenous people's agency and subjectivity were recognised and respected. In the earlier period of her service in Guatemala, Dora Burgess conceived of mission work as a rescue project to transform the native tribes into Christians who would denounce their ‘superstitious’ traditions; however, her later focus in mission work, especially in her bible translation project, lay in acknowledging the native traditions and cultures and giving the indigenous tribe opportunities to be Christians in their own ways.
God's Model Citizen: The Citizenship Education Movement of the YMCA and Its Political Legacy
Authors: Bai Yucheng
Published: February 2020

Chinese Christians in the 1920s faced pressure from a new republic that demanded the loyalty of its citizens despite lacking a proper knowledge of the meaning of the term. Progressive Christians associated with the YMCA soon launched the Citizenship Education Movement in 1924 as they tried to combine Christian virtue with China's broader national demands. While their association of modern citizenship with virtue cultivation was not new, these Christians did attempt something unique, which was to define a good citizen as a world citizen, whose belief in God meant one is loyal ultimately to certain universal values instead of the nation-state. As the Movement continued, the relationship between one's devotion to these higher values and that to the Chinese nation-state remained a complex and often competitive one. Although the Movement ended largely with the end of its visionary, Yu Rizhang, its momentum was harnessed by the Nationalist Party in the New Life Movement. The latter, however, omitted the language of God and universal values at the same time as it injected the nation-state, and the Party in particular, as the sole receiver of loyalty and granter of privilege. Thus the decade-long history of the YMCA's Citizenship Education Movement testifies to the association between one's religious devotion and an internationalist understanding of citizenship.
Samuel Lamb's Exhortation Regarding Eternal Rewards: A Socio-Political Perspective
Authors: Qin Daniel
Published: February 2020

This paper explores and discusses the socio-political approach in the theological thinking of the Chinese Protestant pastor Samuel Lamb. Lamb does not appear interested in changing society or politics, as he considers the Christian life to be in distinct contrast with the ways of the world. Nevertheless, both his emphasis on a pious Christian life and his exhortation regarding eternal rewards encourage deliberate efforts to witness to Christ in the world, therefore leading the church to become a socio-political group in socialist China. Lamb thus in effect proposes a radical Christian response to the Communist socio-political context.
Investigation of Active Tectonics of Edremit Gulf, Western Anatolia (Turkey), Using High-Resolution Multi-Channel Marine Seismic Data
Authors: EYTEMİZ Can , ÖZEL Faik Erdeniz
Published: February 2020

﻿The Edremit Gulf is situated on the upper Miocene transtensional basin in the Western Anatolia and formed by the interaction between the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) and the N-S extensional tectonic regime of the Aegean domain. Our study is aimed to investigate the structural effects of these tectonic forces in the Gulf. Thus, approximately 300km. seismic data were collected within the Gulf area using the high-resolution seismic reflection method. The results indicated that the interpretation of the data, an E-W oriented, strike-slip fault system (Edremit Bay Fault - EBF) was identified in the Gulf as a possible continuation of the Havran - Balıkesir Fault Zone which can be followed on land. Likewise, a second strike-slip fault system (Edremit - Lesbos Fault; ELF) was observed which crosses the Gulf towards Lesbos Island in the NE-SW direction. This system was interpreted as the possible continuation of the Yenice - Gönen Fault Zone which is thought to be the branch of the North Anatolian Fault.
Genome-Wide Identification, Structure Characterization, and Expression Profiling of Dof Transcription Factor Gene Family in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Fang Zhengwu , Jiang Wenqiang , He Yiqin , Ma Dongfang , Liu Yike , Wang Shuping , Zhang Yingxin , Yin Junliang
Published: February 2020

DNA binding with one finger (Dof) proteins are plant-specific transcription factors with crucial roles in plant growth and stress response. Even so, little is known about them in wheat. In this study, 108 wheat Dof (TaDof) genes across 21 chromosomes were detected. Although variable in sequence length, molecular weight, and isoelectric point, all TaDof proteins contained conserved zinc-finger structures and were phylogenetically divided into 7 sub-groups. Exon/intron and motif analyses suggested that TaDof structures and conserved motifs were similar within sub-groups but diverse among sub-groups. Many segmental duplications were identified and Ka/Ks and inter-species synthetic analyses indicated that polyploidization was main reason for increased number of TaDofs. Prediction and experimental confirmation revealed that TaDofs functioned as transcription factors in the nucleus. Expression pattern profiling showed that TaDofs specifically affected growth and development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. Wheat miRNAs and cis-regulator were predicted as essential players in molding TaDofs expression patterns. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that TaDofs were induced by salt and drought stresses. Customized annotation revealed that TaDofs were widely involved in phytohormone response, defense, growth and development, and metabolism. Our study provided a comprehensive understanding to wheat TaDofs.
The Analysis of Pinus pinaster SnRKs Reveals Clues of the Evolution of This Family and a New Set of Abiotic Stress Resistance Biomarkers
Authors: Colina Francisco Javier , Carbó María , Álvarez Ana , Valledor Luis , Cañal María Jesús
Published: February 2020

Climate change is increasing the intensity and incidence of environmental stressors, reducing the biomass yields of forestry species as Pinus pinaster. Selection of new stress-tolerant varieties is thus required. Many genes related to plant stress signaling pathways have proven useful for this purpose with sucrose non-fermenting related kinases (SnRK), conserved across plant evolution and connected to different phosphorylation cascades within ABA- and Ca2+-mediated signaling pathways, as a good example. The modulation of SnRKs and/or the selection of specific SnRK alleles have proven successful strategies to increase plant stress resistance. Despite this, SnRKs have been barely studied in gymnosperms. In this work P. pinaster SnRK sequences (PpiSnRK) were identified through a homology- and domain-based sequence analysis using Arabidopsis SnRK sequences as query. Moreover, PpiSnRKs links to the gymnosperm stress response were modeled out of the known interactions of PpiSnRKs orthologs from other species with different signaling complexity. This approach successfully identified the pine SnRK family and predicted their central role into the gymnosperm stress response, linking them to ABA, Ca2+, sugar/energy and possibly ethylene signaling. These links made the gymnosperm kinases promising candidates into the search for new stress resistance-related biomarkers, which would be useful into future breeding strategies.
Response of Common Bean Cultivars and Lines to Aluminum Toxicity
Authors: dos Santos Neto José , Delfini Jessica , Willian Silva Tiago , Akihide Hirose Anderson , Marcos Novais João , Simões Azeredo Gonçalves Leandro , Moda-Cirino Vânia
Published: February 2020

The soils in the common bean-producing regions (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) of Brazil are usually acid and conta\y66\yin toxic levels of aluminum (Al) for plants. This ion causes yield losses by inhibiting root cell expansion, thus reducing water and nutrient uptake. This study investigates the optimal Al concentration for the screening of genotypes in hydroponics cultivation and tries to identify cultivars and lines for cultivation in Al-toxic soils. The study consisted of two series of experiments. In the first one, four cultivars were evaluated at five Al concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 ppm) and in the second, four independent tests were carried out (1-carioca, 2-black, 3-red, and 4-white), each with seven genotypes and two Al concentrations (0 and 4 ppm). The optimized concentration of Al in the first stage was 4 ppm, which allowed the early identification of genotypes with less affected development under Al toxicity in the second stage. The common bean cultivars IPR Quero-Quero (carioca group), BRS Esplendor (black group), KID 44 (red group), and WLine 5 (white group) may be indicated for cultivation under Al toxicity.
Diversification and Management Practices in Selected European Regions. A Data Analysis of Arable Crops Production
Authors: Francaviglia Rosa , Álvaro-Fuentes Jorge , Di Bene Claudia , Gai Lingtong , Regina Kristiina , Turtola Eila
Published: February 2020

In the European Union, various crop diversification systems such as crop rotation, intercropping and multiple cropping, as well as low-input management practices, have been promoted to sustain crop productivity while maintaining environmental quality and ecosystem services. We conducted a data analysis to identify the benefits of crop associations, alternative agricultural practices and strategies in four selected regions of Europe (Atlantic, Boreal, Mediterranean North and Mediterranean South) in terms of crop production (CP). The dataset was derived from 54 references with a total of 750 comparisons and included site characteristics, crop information (diversification system, crop production, tillage and fertilization management) and soil parameters. We analyzed each effect separately, comparing CP under tillage management (e.g., conventional tillage vs. no tillage), crop diversification (e.g., monoculture vs. rotation), and fertilization management (e.g., mineral fertilization vs. organic fertilization). Compared with conventional tillage (CT), CP was higher by 12% in no tillage (NT), in fine- and medium-textured soils (8–9%) and in arid and semiarid sites located in the Mediterranean Region (24%). Compared to monoculture, diversified cropping systems with longer crop rotations increased CP by 12%, and by 12% in soils with coarse and medium textures. In relation to fertilization, CP was increased with the use of slurry (40%), and when crop residues were incorporated (39%) or mulched (74%). Results showed that conversion to alternative diversified systems through the use of crop rotations, with NT and organic fertilization, results in a better crop performance. However, regional differences related to climate and soil-texture-specific responses should be considered to target local measures to improve soil management.
Long-Term Adverse Effects of Oxidative Stress on Rat Epididymis and Spermatozoa
Authors: Wu Pei You , Scarlata Eleonora , O’Flaherty Cristian
Published: February 2020

Oxidative stress is a common culprit of several conditions associated with male fertility. High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote impairment of sperm quality mainly by decreasing motility and increasing the levels of DNA oxidation. Oxidative stress is a common feature of environmental pollutants, chemotherapy and other chemicals, smoke, toxins, radiation, and diseases that can have negative effects on fertility. Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are antioxidant enzymes associated with the protection of mammalian spermatozoa against oxidative stress and the regulation of sperm viability and capacitation. In the present study, we aimed to determine the long-term effects of oxidative stress in the testis, epididymis and spermatozoa using the rat model. Adult male rats were treated with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) or saline (control group), and reproductive organs and spermatozoa were collected at 3, 6, and 9 weeks after the end of treatment. We determined sperm DNA oxidation and motility, and levels of lipid peroxidation and protein expression of antioxidant enzymes in epididymis and testis. We observed that cauda epididymal spermatozoa displayed low motility and high DNA oxidation levels at all times. Lipid peroxidation was higher in caput and cauda epididymis of treated rats at 3 and 6 weeks but was similar to control levels at 9 weeks. PRDX6 was upregulated in the epididymis due to t-BHP; PRDX1 and catalase, although not significant, followed similar trend of increase. Testis of treated rats did not show signs of oxidative stress nor upregulation of antioxidant enzymes. We concluded that t-BHP-dependent oxidative stress promoted long-term changes in the epididymis and maturing spermatozoa that result in the impairment of sperm quality.
NADPH Oxidase 2 Mediates Myocardial Oxygen Wasting in Obesity
Authors: Hafstad Anne D. , Hansen Synne S. , Lund Jim , Santos Celio X. C. , Boardman Neoma T. , Shah Ajay M. , Aasum Ellen
Published: February 2020

Obesity and diabetes are independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, and they are associated with the development of a specific cardiomyopathy with elevated myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) and impaired cardiac efficiency. Although the pathophysiology of this cardiomyopathy is multifactorial and complex, reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play an important role. One of the major ROS-generating enzymes in the cardiomyocytes is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (NOX2), and many potential systemic activators of NOX2 are elevated in obesity and diabetes. We hypothesized that NOX2 activity would influence cardiac energetics and/or the progression of ventricular dysfunction following obesity. Myocardial ROS content and mechanoenergetics were measured in the hearts from diet-induced-obese wild type (DIOWT) and global NOK2 knock-out mice (DIOKO) and in diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice given normal water (DIO) or water supplemented with the NOX2-inhibitor apocynin (DIOAPO). Mitochondrial function and ROS production were also assessed in DIO and DIOAPO mice. This study demonstrated that ablation and pharmacological inhibition of NOX2 both improved mechanical efficiency and reduced MVO2 for non-mechanical cardiac work. Mitochondrial ROS production was also reduced following NOX2 inhibition, while cardiac mitochondrial function was not markedly altered by apocynin-treatment. Therefore, these results indicate a link between obesity-induced myocardial oxygen wasting, NOX2 activation, and mitochondrial ROS.
Post-Processing of Complex SLM Parts by Barrel Finishing
Authors: Boschetto Alberto , Bottini Luana , Macera Luciano , Veniali Francesco
Published: February 2020

Selective laser melting (SLM) enables the production of metal complex shapes that are difficult or impossible to obtain with conventional production processes. However, the attainable surface quality is insufficient for most applications; thus, a secondary finishing is frequently required. Barrel finishing is an interesting candidate but is often applied without consistent criteria aimed at finding processing parameters. This work presents a methodology based on Bagnold number evaluation and bed behavior diagram, developed on experimental apparatus with different charges and process parameters. The experimentation on an industrial machine and the profilometric analysis allowed the identification of appropriate process parameters and charge media for finishing the investigated materials (Ti6Al4V and Inconel718). Two case studies, characterized by complex shapes, were considered, and consistent surface measures allowed understanding the capability of the technology.
Improved Hybridization of Evolutionary Algorithms with a Sensitivity-Based Decision-Making Technique for the Optimal Planning of Shunt Capacitors in Radial Distribution Systems
Authors: Mahfoud Rabea Jamil , Alkayem Nizar Faisal , Sun Yonghui , Haes Alhelou Hassan , Siano Pierluigi , Parente Mimmo
Published: February 2020

In this paper, an improved hybridization of an evolutionary algorithm, named permutated oppositional differential evolution sine cosine algorithm (PODESCA) and also a sensitivity-based decision-making technique (SBDMT) are proposed to tackle the optimal planning of shunt capacitors (OPSC) problem in different-scale radial distribution systems (RDSs). The evolved PODESCA uniquely utilizes the mechanisms of differential evolution (DE) and an enhanced sine–cosine algorithm (SCA) to constitute the algorithm’s main structure. In addition, quasi-oppositional technique (QOT) is applied at the initialization stage to generate the initial population, and also inside the main loop. PODESCA is implemented to solve the OPSC problem, where the objective is to minimize the system’s total cost with the presence of capacitors subject to different operational constraints. Moreover, SBDMT is developed by using a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach; namely the technique for the order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). By applying this approach, four sensitivity-based indices (SBIs) are set as inputs of TOPSIS, whereas the output is the highest potential buses for SC placement. Consequently, the OPSC problem’s search space is extensively and effectively reduced. Hence, based on the reduced search space, PODESCA is reimplemented on the OPSC problem, and the obtained results with and without reducing the search space by the proposed SBDMT are then compared. For further validation of the proposed methods, three RDSs are used, and then the results are compared with different methods from the literature. The performed comparisons demonstrate that the proposed methods overcome several previous methods and they are recommended as effective and robust techniques for solving the OPSC problem.
Optimization of Xylose Recovery in Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches for Xylitol Production
Authors: Meilany Diah , Kresnowati Made Tri Ari Penia , Setiadi Tjandra , Boopathy Raj
Published: February 2020

The hardest obstacle to make use of lignocellulosic biomass by using green technology is the existence of lignin. It can hinder enzyme reactions with cellulose or hemicellulose as a substrate. Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFBs) consist of hemicellulose with xylan as the main component. Xylitol production via fermentation could use this xylan since it can be converted into xylose. Several pretreatment processes were explored to increase sugar recovery from lignocellulosic biomass. Considering that hemicellulose is more susceptible to heat than cellulose, the hydrothermal process was applied to OPEFB before it was hydrolyzed enzymatically. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature, solid loading, and pretreatment time on the OPEFB hydrothermal process. The xylose concentration in OPEFB hydrolysate was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results indicated that temperature was more important than pretreatment time and solid loading for OPEFB sugar recovery. The optimum temperature, solid loading, and pretreatment time for maximum xylose recovery from pretreated OPEFB were 165 °C, 7%, and 60 min, respectively, giving a xylose recovery of 0.061 g/g of pretreated OPEFB (35% of OPEFB xylan was recovered).
Numerical Simulation of Ship Oil Spill in Arctic Icy Waters
Authors: Li Wei , Liang Xiao , Lin Jianguo , Guo Ping , Ma Qiang , Dong Zhenpeng , Liu Jiamin , Song Zhenhe , Wang Hengqi
Published: February 2020

This paper presents a three-dimensional numerical simulation model of an oil spill for application in emergency treatment methods under icy water conditions. The combined effects of wind, wave, current and ice implemented in our model correspond to Arctic Ocean conditions. A discrete element method combined with an overset grid was adopted to track the trajectory movements of oil film with medium-density ice floes and simulate the flow field of moving ice of large displacement in six degrees of freedom (6DOF). The probability of oil spill area extensions were estimated by a response surface method (RSM). Results showed reduced risk of pollution in icy water conditions and greater drift action of oil film. Accordingly, the spraying location and quantity of oil-dispersant could be rapidly specified.
Simplifying the Verification of Simulation Models through Petri Net to FlexSim Mapping
Authors: Fonseca i Casas Pau , Lijia Hu Daniel , Guasch i Petit Antoni , Figueras i Jové Jaume
Published: February 2020

Simplifying the encoding of a simulation conceptual model representation reduces the number of errors that will be detected in the verification phase. In this paper, we present a mapping between Petri nets, a well-known formalism, and FlexSim, a well-known simulation tool. The proposal is illustrated through an example of how a model specified in a Petri net can be encoded easily, reducing the time needed to understand and verify the model. In the proposed methodology, the mapping must be defined at the initial stage of the encoding, starting from (in this case) a Petri net conceptual model, and ending at the encoding tool (FlexSim in this case). The main advantages of the proposed methodology are discussed.
Numerical Investigation of the Effects of Prosthetic Aortic Valve Design on Aortic Hemodynamic Characteristics
Authors: Zhu Guang-Yu , Huang Hai , Su Ya-Li , Yeo Joon-Hock , Shen Xiao-Qin , Yang Cheng-Fu
Published: February 2020

The superior performance of single-point attached commissures (SPAC) molded valve design has been validated by several numerical, in vitro and in vivo animal studies. However, the impacts of the SPAC molded valve design on aortic hemodynamic environments are yet to be investigated. In this study, multiscale computational models were prepared by virtually implanting prosthetic aortic valves with SPAC tubular, SPAC molded and conventional designs into a patient-specific aorta, respectively. The impacts of the valve designs on efferent flow distribution, flow pattern and hemodynamic characteristics in the aorta were numerically investigated. The results showed that despite the overall flow phenomena being similar, the SPAC tubular valve exhibited a suboptimal performance in terms of higher spatially averaged wall shear stress (SAWSS) in ascending aorta (AAo), higher helix grade, stronger secondary flow mean secondary velocity in descending aorta, as well as more complex vortex distribution. The results from the current study extend the understanding of hemodynamic impacts of the valve designs, which would further benefit the optimization of the prosthetic aortic valve.