bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Fly Ash and Carbon Reinforcement on Dry Sliding Wear Behaviour of Red Mud
Authors: Sutar Harekrushna , Roy Debashis , Mishra Subash Chandra
Published: August 2015

This paper explains the sliding wear performance of red mud, fly ash, and carbon composite coating on mild steel. The complex mixture of red mud, fly ash, and carbon is plasma sprayed at 9 kW operating power level. The coatings are examined to study the coating morphology, XRD phase transformation, wear rate, and wear morphology. Wear rate (in terms of cumulative mass loss) with sliding time has been demonstrated in the study. At first pure red mud is plasma coated to observe the coating characteristics and then compounded with 20% carbon, 30% carbon, and 20% carbon + 30% fly ash, separately by weight and sliding wear test conducted using pin on disc wear tester. The trial was performed at fixed track diameter of 100 mm and at sliding speed of 100 rpm (0.523 m/s) at a load of 30 N. The results are compared. Declined cumulative mass loss by inclusion of fly ash and carbon is seen. This might be due to augmented interfacial tension and dense film build-up at boundary layer.
Pretreatment Diffusion-Weighted MRI Can Predict the Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Guo-Yi , Wang Yue-Jian , Liu Jian-Ping , Zhou Xin-Han , Xu Zhi-Feng , Chen Xiang-Ping , Xu Tao , Wei Wei-Hong , Zhang Yang , Huang Ying
Published: August 2015

Purpose. To explore the potential of diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for predicting the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods and Materials. Ninety-two consecutive patients with NPC who underwent three cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. DW and anatomical MRI were performed before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to radiotherapy. Pretreatment ADCs and percentage increases in ADC after chemotherapy were calculated for the primary lesions and metastatic adenopathies. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to select optimal pretreatment ADCs.Results. Pretreatment mean ADCs were significantly lower for responders than for nonresponders (primary lesions,P=0.012; metastatic adenopathies,P=0.013). Mean percentage increases in ADC were higher for responders than for nonresponders (primary lesions,P=0.008; metastatic adenopathies,P<0.001). The optimal pretreatment primary lesion and metastatic adenopathy ADCs for differentiating responders from nonresponders were 0.897 × 10−3 mm2/sec and 1.031 × 10−3 mm2/sec, respectively.Conclusions. NPC patients with low pretreatment ADCs tend to respond better to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Pretreatment ADCs could be used as a new pretreatment imaging biomarker of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Purification and Characterization of Asparaginase fromPhaseolus vulgarisSeeds
Authors: Mohamed Saleh A. , Elshal Mohamed F. , Kumosani Taha A. , Aldahlawi Alia M.
Published: August 2015

L-asparaginase from bacteria has been used in treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The aim of this study was to purify and characterize L-asparaginase fromPhaseolus vulgarisseeds instead of microbial sources. L-asparaginase was purified to apparent homogeneity. The enzyme has molecular mass of 79 kDa. The purified asparaginase had very low activity toward a number of asparagine and glutamine analogues. L-asparaginase was free from glutaminase activity. Kinetic parameters, Km andVmax of purified enzyme, were found to be 6.72 mM and 0.16 μM, respectively. The enzyme had optimum pH at 8.0. The enzyme showed high stability at alkaline pH (pH 7.5–9.0) when incubated for up to 24 h. L-asparaginase had the same temperature optimum and thermal stability at 37°C. K+was able to greatly enhance the activity of asparaginase by 150% compared with other metals tested. In conclusion, L-asparaginase showed no glutaminase activity and good stability over a wide range of physiological conditions, and thus it could be used as a potential candidate for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Speaking Tracheostomy Tube and Modified Mouthstick Stylus in a Ventilator-Dependent Patient with Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Mitate Eiji , Kubota Kensuke , Ueki Kenji , Inoue Rumi , Inoue Ryosuke , Momii Kenta , Sugimori Hiroshi , Maehara Yoshihiko , Nakamura Seiji
Published: August 2015

Communication is a serious problem for patients with ventilator-dependent tetraplegia. A 73-year-old man was presented at the emergency room in cardiopulmonary arrest after falling from a height of 2 m. After successful resuscitation, fractures of the cervical spine and cervical spinal cord injury were found. Due to paralysis of the respiratory muscles, a mechanical ventilator with a tracheostomy tube was required. First, a cuffed tracheostomy tube and a speaking tracheostomy tube were inserted, and humidified oxygen was introduced via the suction line. Using these tubes, the patient could produce speech sounds, but use was limited to 10 min due to discomfort. Second, a mouthstick stylus, fixed on a mouthpiece that fits over the maxillary teeth, was used. The patient used both a communication board and a touch screen device with this mouthstick stylus. The speaking tracheostomy tube and mouthstick stylus greatly improved his ability to communicate.
Direct Determination of Spatial Localization of Carriers in CdSe‐CdS Quantum Dots
Authors: Zhao Yichen , Sugunan Abhilash , Wang Qin , Yang Xuran , Rihtnesberg David B. , Toprak Muhammet S.
Published: August 2015

Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) have gained significant attention due to their tunable band gap, simple solution processability, ease of scale‐up, and low cost. By carefully choosing the materials, core‐shell heterostructure QDs (HQDs) can be further synthesized with a controlled spatial spread of wave functions of the excited electrons and holes for various applications. Many investigations have been done to understand the exciton dynamics by optical characterizations. However, these spectroscopic data demonstrate that the spatial separation of the excitons cannot distinguish the distribution of excited electrons and holes. In this work, we report a simple and direct method to determine the localized holes and delocalized electrons in HQDs. The quasi‐type‐II CdSe‐CdS core‐shell QDs were synthesized via a thermolysis method. Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) nanofiber and ZnO nanorods were selected as hole and electron conductor materials, respectively, and were combined with HQDs to form two different nanocomposites. Photoelectrical properties were evaluated under different environments via a quick and facile characterization method, confirming that the electrons in the HQDs were freely accessible at the surface of the nanocrystal, while the holes were confined within the CdSe core.
Distinctive Acellular Lipid Emboli in Hemoglobin SC Disease following Bone Marrow Infarction with Parvovirus Infection
Authors: Graff Danielle M. , Owen Erin , Bendon Robert , Bertolone Salvatore , Raj Ashok
Published: August 2015

An adolescent with mild hemoglobin SC disease presented with pelvic pain with subsequent respiratory and neurologic deterioration, which led to ultimately death. The autopsy demonstrated acellular fat emboli particularly in the lung and brain. There was marrow necrosis in the lumbar spine with aggregated sickle cells and positive parvovirus immunostaining. The brain lesion both grossly and microscopically presented a distinct pathology of acellular fat emboli that led to the correct diagnosis of this increasingly recognized association of sickle hemoglobinopathies with fat embolism syndrome (FES). A clinical diagnosis of FES is difficult to confirm in many patients with sickle hemoglobinopathy presenting with pain crisis because of concurrent illness. However, this case report highlights the need for a thorough knowledge of the signs and symptoms of the syndrome and a high index of suspicion for the diagnosis to be made premortem.
A Special Extract ofBacopa monnieri(CDRI-08)-Restored Memory in CoCl2-Hypoxia Mimetic Mice Is Associated with Upregulation ofFmr-1Gene Expression in Hippocampus
Authors: Rani Anupama , Prasad S.
Published: August 2015

Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) is a neuronal translational repressor and has been implicated in learning, memory, and cognition. However, the role ofBacopa monnieriextract (CDRI-08) in enhancing cognitive abilities in hypoxia-induced memory impairment viaFmr-1gene expression is not known. Here, we have studied effects of CDRI-08 on the expression ofFmr-1gene in the hippocampus of well validated cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-induced hypoxia mimetic mice and analyzed the data with alterations in spatial memory. Results obtained from Morris water maze test suggest that CoCl2treatment causes severe loss of spatial memory and CDRI-08 is capable of reversing it towards that in the normal control mice. Our semiquantitative RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence microscopic data reveal that CoCl2-induced hypoxia significantly upregulates the expression of Hif-1αand downregulates theFmr-1expression in the hippocampus, respectively. Further, CDRI-08 administration reverses the memory loss and this is correlated with significant downregulation of Hif-1αand upregulation ofFmr-1expression. Our data are novel and may provide mechanisms of hypoxia-induced impairments in the spatial memory and action of CDRI-08 in the recovery of hypoxia led memory impairment involvingFmr-1gene encoded protein called FMRP.
The Design of EMG Measurement System for Arm Strength Training Machine
Authors: Ho Tze-Yee , Chen Yuan-Joan , Hung Wei-Chang , Ho Kuan-Wei , Chen Mu-Song
Published: August 2015

The setup of interactive communication between arm strength training machine and the people will make exercise and rehabilitation therapy become more friendly. The employment of electromyographic not only can help physical therapy but also can achieve more effective rehabilitation. Both of the system hardware and software of the arm strength training machine with EMG system are well designed and described. The fundamental design of electromyographic measurement system based on a microcontroller is analyzed and discussed. The software programming is developed in MPLAB integrated development environment from the Microchip Technology Inc. and the friendly user interface is created as well. Finally, an arm strength training machine with electromyographic control system is realized and demonstrated. The experimental results show the feasibility and fidelity of the complete designed system.
Alternations in Cholesterol and Fatty Acids Composition in Egg Yolk of Rhode Island Red x Fyoumi Hens Fed with Hemp Seeds (Cannabis sativaL.)
Authors: Shahid Suhaib , Chand Naila , Khan Rifat Ullah , Suhail Syed Muhammad , Khan Nazir Ahmad
Published: August 2015

The present study was designed to evaluate the influence of hemp seed (HS) supplementation on egg yolk cholesterol and fatty acid composition in laying hens. Sixty hens (Rhode Island Red x Fyoumi) were evenly distributed into four groups (three replicates per group) at the peak production (34 weeks). HS was included into the ration at the level of 0.0 (HS-0), 15 (HS-15), 20 (HS-20), and 25% (HS-25) and continued the supplementation for consecutively three weeks. At the end of the experiment, three eggs per replicate were randomly collected and analyzed for egg yolk fatty acids and cholesterol profile. The statistical analysis of the result revealed that supplementation of HS-25 significantly(P<0.05)decreased egg yolk total cholesterol, myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), and stearic (C18:0). Similarly, total as well as individual monounsaturated fatty acids decreased significantly(P<0.05)while total and individual polyunsaturated fatty acids increased significantly in the HS-25. In addition, total omega-3 and omega-6 increased significantly in the HS-25 group. From the present result, we concluded that addition of HS at the rate of 25% to the diet of laying hens augmented the cholesterol and fatty acids profile in egg yolk.
CDRI-08 Attenuates REST/NRSF-Mediated Expression of NMDAR1 Gene in PBDE-209-Exposed Mice Brain
Authors: Verma Priya , Gupta Rajaneesh K. , Gandhi Behrose S. , Singh Poonam
Published: August 2015

CDRI-08 is a standardized bacoside enriched ethanolic extract ofBacopa monnieri, a nootropic plant. We reported that CDRI-08 attenuated oxidative stress and memory impairment in mice, induced by a flame retardant, PBDE-209. In order to explore the mechanism, present study was designed to examine the role of CDRI-08 on the expression of NMDAR1 (NR1) and the binding of REST/NRSF to NR1 promoter against postnatal exposure of PBDE-209. Male mice pups were orally supplemented with CDRI-08 at the doses of 40, 80, or 120 mg/kg along with PBDE-209 (20 mg/kg) during PND 3–10 and frontal cortex and hippocampus were collected at PND 11 and 60 to study the expression and regulation of NR1 by RT-PCR and electrophoretic mobility shift assay, respectively. The findings showed upregulated expression of NR1 and decreased binding of REST/NRSF to NR1 promoter after postnatal exposure of PBDE-209. Interestingly, supplementation with CDRI-08 significantly restored the expression of NR1 and binding of REST/NRSF to NR1 promoter near to the control value at the dose of 120 mg/kg. In conclusion, the results suggest that CDRI-08 possibly acts on glutamatergic system through expression and regulation of NR1 and may restore memory, impaired by PBDE-209 as reported in our previous study.
The Stimulative Effect of Yangjing Capsule on Testosterone Synthesis through Nur77 Pathway in Leydig Cells
Authors: Gu Yalong , Zhang Xindong , Sun Dalin , Zhao Hongle , Cai Bin , Gao Chao , Gao Li , Cui Yugui , Tang Zhian , Jin Baofang
Published: August 2015

Yangjing Capsule (YC), an innovative Chinese medicine based on traditional prescription, promotes testosterone synthesis by upregulating the expression of steroidogenic enzymes. Nur77 as a nuclear receptor is known to regulate the expression of many steroid synthetases. This study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms by which YC regulates testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells. Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were employed to assess the expressions of steroidogenic enzymes and Nur77 after treating MLTC-1 cells with YC. The luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to detect the activity of Nur77 gene promoter. Also, the expressions of steroid synthases were detected after Nur77 gene was knocked down. YC significantly stimulated Nur77 production and upregulated StAR and HSD3B expression, and this agrees with the activity of Nur77 gene promoter that was significantly enhanced by YC. Interestingly, knockdown of Nur77 blocked the above YC’s effects and consequently inhibited testosterone synthesis in MLTC-1 cells. YC promotes StAR and HSD3B expression and upregulates testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells, which is mediated by Nur77 pathway.
Adie’s Tonic Pupil in Systemic Sclerosis: A Rare Association
Authors: Venkataraman Anusha , Panda Bijnya Birajita , Sirka Chandrasekhar
Published: August 2015

We report a rare association of Adie’s tonic pupil in a patient with systemic sclerosis who was otherwise systemically stable. This paper is an effort to unravel whether the tonic pupil and systemic sclerosis are an association by chance (which may be the case) or systemic sclerosis is the source of the tonic pupil.
A Study on Digital Analysis of Bach’s “Two-Part Inventions”
Authors: Song Xiao-Yi , Huang Dong-Run
Published: August 2015

In the field of music composition, creating polyphony is relatively one of the most difficult parts. Among them, the basis of multivoice polyphonic composition is two-part counterpoint. The main purpose of this paper is, through the computer technology, conducting a series of studies on “Two-Part Inventions” of Bach, a Baroque polyphony master. Based on digitalization, visualization and mathematical methods, data mining algorithm has been applied to identify bipartite characteristics and rules of counterpoint polyphony. We hope that the conclusions drawn from the article could be applied to the digital creation of polyphony.
Change in the Pathologic Supraspinatus: A Three-Dimensional Model of Fiber Bundle Architecture within Anterior and Posterior Regions
Authors: Kim Soo Y. , Sachdeva Rohit , Li Zi , Lee Dongwoon , Rosser Benjamin W. C.
Published: August 2015

Supraspinatus tendon tears are common and lead to changes in the muscle architecture. To date, these changes have not been investigated for the distinct regions and parts of the pathologic supraspinatus. The purpose of this study was to create a novel three-dimensional (3D) model of the muscle architecture throughout the supraspinatus and to compare the architecture between muscle regions and parts in relation to tear severity. Twelve cadaveric specimens with varying degrees of tendon tears were used. Three-dimensional coordinates of fiber bundles were collectedin situusing serial dissection and digitization. Data were reconstructed and modeled in 3D using Maya. Fiber bundle length (FBL) and pennation angle (PA) were computed and analyzed. FBL was significantly shorter in specimens with large retracted tears compared to smaller tears, with the deeper fibers being significantly shorter than other parts in the anterior region. PA was significantly greater in specimens with large retracted tears, with the superficial fibers often demonstrating the largest PA. The posterior region was absent in two specimens with extensive tears. Architectural changes associated with tendon tears affect the regions and varying depths of supraspinatus differently. The results provide important insights on residual function of the pathologic muscle, and the 3D model includes detailed data that can be used in future modeling studies.
Applying BAT Evolutionary Optimization to Image-Based Visual Servoing
Authors: Perez-Cisneros Marco , Garcia-Gil Gerardo , Vega-Maldonado Sabrina , Arámburo-Lizárraga J. , Cuevas Erik , Zaldivar Daniel
Published: August 2015

This paper presents a predictive control strategy for an image-based visual servoing scheme that employs evolutionary optimization. The visual control task is approached as a nonlinear optimization problem that naturally handles relevant visual servoing constraints such as workspace limitations and visibility restrictions. As the predictive scheme requires a reliable model, this paper uses a local model that is based on the visual interaction matrix and a global model that employs 3D trajectory data extracted from a quaternion-based interpolator. The work assumes a free-flying camera with 6-DOF simulation whose results support the discussion on the constraint handling and the image prediction scheme.
Comparison ofβ-Propiolactone and Formalin Inactivation on Antigenicity and Immune Response of West Nile Virus
Authors: Chowdhury Pritom , Topno Rashmee , Khan Siraj A. , Mahanta Jagadish
Published: August 2015

West Nile Virus (WNV) is a pathogenic arbovirus that belongs to genusFlavivirusunder family Flaviviridae. Till now there are no approved vaccines against WNV for human use. In this study, the effect of two alkylating agents, formaldehyde andβ-PL, generally used for inactivated vaccine preparation, was assessed on the basis of antigenic and immunogenic potential of the inactivated WNV. Lineage 5 WNV isolates were inactivated by both formalin andβ-PL treatments. Inactivation was confirmed by repeated passage in BHK-21 cell line and infant mice. Viruses inactivated by both the treatments showed higher antigenicity. Immune response in mice model showed serum anti-WNV antibody titre was moderately higher in formalin inactivated antigen compared toβ-PL inactivated antigen. However, no significant differences were observed in neutralization antibody titre. In conclusion, we can state that both formaldehyde andβ-PL inactivation processes were found to be equally efficient for inactivation of WNV. However, they need to be compared with other inactivating agents along with study on cell mediated immune response.
Enhanced Catalytic Activity of Supported Gold Catalysts for Oxidation of Noxious Environmental Pollutant CO
Authors: Saikia Pranjal , Miah Abu Taleb , Malakar Banajit , Bordoloi Ankur
Published: August 2015

Noble metal nanomaterials have attracted mounting research attention for applications in diverse fields of catalysis, biology, and nanotechnology. In the present study, we have undertaken a detailed investigation on synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activity studies for CO oxidation by nanogold catalysts supported over CeO2 and CeO2-ZrO2 (1 : 1 mole ratio). The support systems were prepared by modified, simple precipitation technique and the Au supported samples were synthesized using deposition-precipitation with urea method. The physicochemical characterization was performed by XRD, ICP-AES, BET surface area, FT-IR, UV-Vis DRS, Raman Spectroscopy, TEM, and XPS techniques. Au/CeO2 catalyst showed more than 80% CO conversions at 30°C, whereas Au/CeO2-ZrO2 exhibited ~100% CO conversion at that temperature. The catalytic performance of Au catalysts is highly dependent on the nature of the support.
Characterization of Vietnamese Lacquer Collected in Different Seasons
Authors: Lu Rong , Anzai Kenichiro , Phuc Bach Trong , Miyakoshi Tetsuo
Published: August 2015

Vietnamese lacquers collected every month from June to March of next year were characterized. Composition analysis showed that lacquer collected in rainy season contained much water, while those collected in dry season contained more lipid component. Although hardness of lacquer films is not very hard, lacquers tapped in all seasons can reach hard dry (HD) within 48 hours. Refining lacquer can accelerate drying time but the water concentration should be maintained around 10 wt% for laccase activity.
Multithreshold Segmentation by Using an Algorithm Based on the Behavior of Locust Swarms
Authors: Cuevas Erik , González Adrián , Fausto Fernando , Zaldívar Daniel , Pérez-Cisneros Marco
Published: August 2015

As an alternative to classical techniques, the problem of image segmentation has also been handled through evolutionary methods. Recently, several algorithms based on evolutionary principles have been successfully applied to image segmentation with interesting performances. However, most of them maintain two important limitations: (1) they frequently obtain suboptimal results (misclassifications) as a consequence of an inappropriate balance between exploration and exploitation in their search strategies; (2) the number of classes is fixed and known in advance. This paper presents an algorithm for the automatic selection of pixel classes for image segmentation. The proposed method combines a novel evolutionary method with the definition of a new objective function that appropriately evaluates the segmentation quality with respect to the number of classes. The new evolutionary algorithm, called Locust Search (LS), is based on the behavior of swarms of locusts. Different to the most of existent evolutionary algorithms, it explicitly avoids the concentration of individuals in the best positions, avoiding critical flaws such as the premature convergence to suboptimal solutions and the limited exploration-exploitation balance. Experimental tests over several benchmark functions and images validate the efficiency of the proposed technique with regard to accuracy and robustness.
Fast and Accurate Semiautomatic Segmentation of Individual Teeth from Dental CT Images
Authors: Kang Ho Chul , Choi Chankyu , Shin Juneseuk , Lee Jeongjin , Shin Yeong-Gil
Published: August 2015

DIn this paper, we propose a fast and accurate semiautomatic method to effectively distinguish individual teeth from the sockets of teeth in dental CT images. Parameter values of thresholding and shapes of the teeth are propagated to the neighboring slice, based on the separated teeth from reference images. After the propagation of threshold values and shapes of the teeth, the histogram of the current slice was analyzed. The individual teeth are automatically separated and segmented by using seeded region growing. Then, the newly generated separation information is iteratively propagated to the neighboring slice. Our method was validated by ten sets of dental CT scans, and the results were compared with the manually segmented result and conventional methods. The average error of absolute value of volume measurement was2.29±0.56%, which was more accurate than conventional methods. Boosting up the speed with the multicore processors was shown to be 2.4 times faster than a single core processor. The proposed method identified the individual teeth accurately, demonstrating that it can give dentists substantial assistance during dental surgery.
Exploring Dynamic Brain Functional Networks Using Continuous “State-Related” Functional MRI
Authors: Li Xun , Zang Yu-Feng , Zhang Han
Published: August 2015

We applied a “temporal decomposition” method, which decomposed a single brain functional network into several “modes”; each of them dominated a short temporal period, on a continuous, “state-” related, “finger-force feedback” functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment. With the hypothesis that attention and internal/external information processing interaction could be manipulated by different (real and sham) feedback conditions, we investigated functional network dynamics of the “default mode,” “executive control,” and sensorimotor networks. They were decomposed into several modes. During real feedback, the occurrence of “default mode-executive control competition-related” mode was higher than that during sham feedback (P=0.0003); the “default mode-visual facilitation-related” mode more frequently appeared during sham than real feedback (P=0.0004). However, the dynamics of the sensorimotor network did not change significantly between two conditions (P>0.05). Our results indicated that the visual-guided motor feedback involves higher cognitive functional networks rather than primary motor network. The dynamics monitoring of inner and outside environment and multisensory integration could be the mechanisms. This study is an extension of our previous region-specific and static-styled study of our brain functional architecture.
High Luminescence White LEDs Prepared with 2D Island‐Pattern of Quantum Dots Dispersed Photopolymer Films
Authors: Hong Hyun-Guk , Shin Min-Ho , Kim Hyo-Jun , Shin Jinsoo , Kim Young-Joo
Published: August 2015

Since the reabsorption loss among different size quantum dots (QDs) is a critical issue in the QD based white LEDs, we proposed and fabricated new film structure of 2D island‐patterns consisting of separate green and red QDs dispersed photopolymer patterns in a zigzag form. A small air‐gap such as 60 μm between QD islands helps to control the optical path at the interface to reduce the lateral reabsorption loss to enhance the optical efficiency of white LED. The 2D island‐patterns of QD phosphor film were fabricated using a UV imprinting process and compared the optical efficiency with the other QD film structure prepared with same QD concentrations and thicknesses such as a mixed and separately layered QD structure. Experimental and simulation analysis were performed to confirm the better optical efficiency from the 2D island‐patterns of QD films due to the reduced reabsorption loss. High luminescence white LED was finally realized with 2D island‐patterns of QD film, resulting in a luminous efficiency of 62.2 lm/W and CRI of 83 with CCT of 4537 K at the operation current of 60 mA.
Tumour Relapse Prediction Using Multiparametric MR Data Recorded during Follow-Up of GBM Patients
Authors: Ion-Margineanu Adrian , Van Cauter Sofie , Sima Diana M. , Maes Frederik , Van Gool Stefaan W. , Sunaert Stefan , Himmelreich Uwe , Van Huffel Sabine
Published: August 2015

Purpose. We have focused on finding a classifier that best discriminates between tumour progression and regression based on multiparametric MR data retrieved from follow-up GBM patients.Materials and Methods. Multiparametric MR data consisting of conventional and advanced MRI (perfusion, diffusion, and spectroscopy) were acquired from 29 GBM patients treated with adjuvant therapy after surgery over a period of several months. A 27-feature vector was built for each time point, although not all features could be obtained at all time points due to missing data or quality issues. We tested classifiers using LOPO method on complete and imputed data. We measure the performance by computing BER for each time point and wBER for all time points.Results. If we train random forests, LogitBoost, or RobustBoost on data with complete features, we can differentiate between tumour progression and regression with 100% accuracy, one time point (i.e., about 1 month) earlier than the date when doctors had put a label (progressive or responsive) according to established radiological criteria. We obtain the same result when training the same classifiers solely on complete perfusion data.Conclusions. Our findings suggest that ensemble classifiers (i.e., random forests and boost classifiers) show promising results in predicting tumour progression earlier than established radiological criteria and should be further investigated.
Increase in Preterm Birth during Demographic Transition in Chile from 1991 to 2012
Authors: López Orellana Paulina
Published: August 2015

Introduction. Universally mothers at 35 years or more have had higher maternal and perinatal risks. This study analyzed the trend of this group in maternal population and determined their risk of having premature children, during the demographic transition period in Chile.Materials and Methods. Epidemiological study conducted in the population of simple live births registered in the Chilean National Database Births of 1991–2012. Analyses were performed in three categories of maternal age: 35 or more, under 35, and 20 to 29 years. The risk of prematurity was measured by crude and Adjusted Odds Ratio from logistic regression model.Results. Mothers aged 35 and older increased in population from 10.6% in 1991 to 16.7% in 2012 and presented an overall prevalence of preterm delivery of 6.7%, higher prevalence than 20–29 age group (4.7%). In aging mothers, the Odds Ratio for preterm birth adjusted for education, marital status, and parity was 1.68 (95% CI (1.66–1.70)) compared to mothers aged 20–29. All differences were significant (p<0.001).Conclusions. During Chilean demographic transition, mothers aged 35 or older increased steadily and significantly maintaining higher risks of preterm births. Policies to prevent and monitor the late motherhood could contribute to stopping the current trend.
Core‐Shell Structure of Gold Nanoparticles with Inositol Hexaphosphate Nanohybrids for Label‐Free and Rapid Detection by SERS Nanotechnology
Authors: Mevold Andreas H. H. , Liu Jin-Yuan , Huang Li-Ying , Liao Hung-Liang , Yang Ming-Chien , Chan Tzu-Yi , Wang Kuan-Syun , Wang Juen-Kai , Wang Yuh-Lin , Liu Ting-Yu
Published: August 2015

Gold nanoparticles bound with inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) (AuNPs/IP6) were prepared by in situ reduction of various concentrations of IP6 (0~320 µM) through modified Frens method for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection. The resultant AuNPs/IP6 were subject to characterization including UV/Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that AuNPs with 65 µM of IP6 would result in a core AuNPs‐shell (IP6 layer) structure, which exhibited the strongest SERS signal, due to the “hot spot effect” generated from the 1‐2 nm interparticle gaps of AuNPs/IP6 nanohybrids (ionic interaction of IP6 and Au+). Furthermore, the reaction kinetics of Au and IP6 were also investigated in this work. Higher concentration of IP6 (190 and 260 µM) will make AuNPs become irregularly shaped, because IP6 is a basic salt and served as a pH mediator. The morphology and distribution of AuNPs were greatly improved by addition of 65 µM of IP6. This novel AuNPs/IP6 nanohybrid showed great stability and Raman enhancement. It is promising in the application of rapid and label‐free biological detection of bacteria or tumor cells.
Ischemic Postconditioning and Subanesthetic S(+)-Ketamine Infusion: Effects on Renal Function and Histology in Rats
Authors: Resende Marco A. C. de , Pantoja Alberto V. , Barcellos Bruno M. , Reis Eduardo P. , Consolo Thays D. , Módolo Renata P. , Domingues Maria A. C. , Assad Alexandra R. , Cavalcanti Ismar L. , Castiglia Yara M. M. , Módolo Norma S. P.
Published: August 2015

Background. Ischemic postconditioning (IP) in renal Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) models improves renal function after IRI. Ketamine affords significant benefits against IRI-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). The present study investigated the effects of IP and IP associated with subanesthetic S(+)-ketamine in ischemia-reperfusion-induced AKI.Methods. Forty-one Wistar rats were randomized into four groups: CG (10), control; KG (10), S(+)-ketamine infusion; IPG (10), IP; and KIPG (11), S(+)-ketamine infusion + IP. All rats underwent right nephrectomy. IRI and IP were induced only in IPG and KIPG by left kidney arterial occlusion for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 24 h. Complete reperfusion was preceded by three cycles of 2 min of reocclusion followed by 2 min of reperfusion. Renal function was assessed by measuring serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Tubular damage was evaluated by renal histology.Results. Creatinine and BUN were significantly increased. Severe tubular injury was only observed in the groups with IRI (IPG and KIPG), whereas no injury was observed in CG or KG. No significant differences were detected between IPG and KIPG.Conclusions. No synergic effect of the use of subanesthetic S(+)-ketamine and IP on AKI was observed in this rat model.
A Real-Time Pothole Detection Approach for Intelligent Transportation System
Authors: Wang Hsiu-Wen , Chen Chi-Hua , Cheng Ding-Yuan , Lin Chun-Hao , Lo Chi-Chun
Published: August 2015

In recent years, fast economic growth and rapid technology advance have led to significant impact on the quality of traditional transport system. Intelligent transportation system (ITS), which aims to improve the transport system, has become more and more popular. Furthermore, improving the safety of traffic is an important issue of ITS, and the pothole on the road causes serious harm to drivers’ safety. Therefore, drivers’ safety may be improved with the establishment of real-time pothole detection system for sharing the pothole information. Moreover, using the mobile device to detect potholes has been more popular in recent years. This approach can detect potholes with lower cost in a comprehensive environment. This study proposes a pothole detection method based on the mobile sensing. The accelerometer data is normalized by Euler angle computation and is adopted in the pothole detection algorithm to obtain the pothole information. Moreover, the spatial interpolation method is used to reduce the location errors from global positioning system (GPS) data. In experiments, the results show that the proposed approach can precisely detect potholes without false-positives, and the higher accuracy is performed by the proposed approach. Therefore, the proposed real-time pothole detection approach can be used to improve the safety of traffic for ITS.
Familial Mediterranean Fever in Iran: A Report from FMF Registration Center
Authors: Salehzadeh Farhad
Published: August 2015

Background. Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a periodic AR autoinflammatory disorder. This comprehensive study describes FMF in Iran as a country near Mediterranean area.Materials and Methods. From the country FMF registration center 403 patients according to Tel-Hashomer criteria enrolled this study, 239 patients had MEFV gene mutations analyses. Data, if needed, was analyzed by SPSS v20.Results. 175 patients (43.4%) were female and 228 patients (56.6%) were male. The mean age was 21.3 years. Abdominal pain was in 93.3% patients and 88.1% had fever. Abdominal pain was the main complaint of patients in (49.6%). The mean interval between attacks was36.5±29.6days and the mean duration of every episodes was43.3±34.5hours. 15.1% of patients had positive family history and 12.7% had previous surgery; in 52.3% of patients delay in diagnosis was more than three years. 12 common MEFV gene mutations were analyzed, 21.33% were without mutations, 39.7% had compound heterozygote, 25.52% showed heterozygous, and 13.38% showed homozygous results. The most common compound genotype was M694V-V726A (% 10.46) and in alleles M694V (% 20.9) and V726A (% 12.7) were the most frequent mutations, respectively.Conclusion. M694V was the most common mutation, and the most common compound genotype was M694V-V726A. Our genotype results are similar to Arabs and in some way to Armenians, erysipelas-like skin lesions are not common in this area, and clinical criteria are the preferred methods in diagnosis of FMF.
Molecular and Functional Characterization ofBacopa monniera: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Rajan Koilmani Emmanuvel , Preethi Jayakumar , Singh Hemant K.
Published: August 2015

Over the last 50 years, laboratories around the world analyzed the pharmacological effect ofBacopa monnieraextract in different dimensions, especially as a nerve tonic and memory enhancer. Studies in animal model evidenced thatBacopatreatment can attenuate dementia and enhances memory. Further, they demonstrate thatBacopaprimarily either acts via antioxidant mechanism (i.e., neuroprotection) or alters different neurotransmitters (serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), dopamine (DA), acetylcholine (ACh),γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)) to execute the pharmacological effect. Among them, 5-HT has been shown to fine tune the neural plasticity, which is a substrate for memory formation. This review focuses on the studies which trace the effect ofBacopatreatment on serotonergic system and 5-HT mediated key molecular changes that are associated with memory formation.
Spontaneous Involution of a Presumably Rathke’s Cleft Cyst in a Patient with Slight Subclinical Hypopituitarism: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Al Safatli Diaa , Kalff Rolf , Waschke Albrecht
Published: August 2015

Rathke cleft cyst is described as benign intrasellar cyst. They are mostly small and asymptomatic; they may become large enough to cause symptoms by compression of intrasellar or suprasellar structures. We report on a case of spontaneous regression of a symptomatic RCC with subsequent recovery of preexisting endocrine dysfunction and resolution of headaches. A 60-year-old man complained about headaches. Laboratory investigation revealed a partial hypopituitarism with a slight central hypothyroidism without need for substitution. An MRI study showed a cystic, T2-hyperintense, sellar lesion compatible with a RCC. At one year follow-up, the patient had no complaints and the hormone work-up revealed a regression of the previous slight hypopituitarism. The MRI study showed a complete regression of the cystic lesion and a normal sized and shaped pituitary gland. The spontaneous regression of cystic sellar lesions is rare. The exact mechanism of the possible spontaneous involution of RCC is until now not well understood. However, spontaneous regression is possible and justifies the conservative therapy with regular clinical and radiological follow-up for asymptomatic patients or patients with symptoms not caused by the mass effect of these lesions.
A Phase II Trial of the Multitargeted Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Lenvatinib (E7080) in Advanced Medullary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Schlumberger Martin , Jarzab Barbara , Cabanillas Maria E. , Robinson Bruce , Pacini Furio , Ball Douglas W. , McCaffrey Judith , Newbold Kate , Allison Roger , Martins Renato G. , Licitra Lisa F. , Shah Manisha H. , Bodenner Donald , Elisei Rossella , Burmeister Lynn , Funahashi Yasuhiro , Ren Min , O'Brien James P. , Sherman Steven I.
Published: August 2015

Purpose: Positive results of phase I studies evaluating lenvatinib in solid tumors, including thyroid cancer, prompted a phase II trial in advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC).

Experimental Design: Fifty-nine patients with unresectable progressive MTC per Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.0 within the prior 12 months received lenvatinib (24-mg daily, 28-day cycles) until disease progression, unmanageable toxicity, withdrawal, or death. Prior anti-VEGFR therapy was permitted. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) by RECIST v1.0 and independent imaging review.

Results: Lenvatinib ORR was 36% [95% confidence interval (CI), 24%–49%]; all partial responses. ORR was comparable between patients with (35%) or without (36%) prior anti-VEGFR therapy. Disease control rate (DCR) was 80% (95% CI, 67%–89%); 44% had stable disease. Among responders, median time to response (TTR) was 3.5 months (95% CI, 1.9–3.7). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 9.0 months (95% CI, 7.0–not evaluable). Common toxicity criteria grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse events included diarrhea (14%), hypertension (7%), decreased appetite (7%), fatigue, dysphagia, and increased alanine aminotransferase levels (5% each). Ret proto-oncogene status did not correlate with outcomes. Low baseline levels of angiopoietin-2, hepatocyte growth factor, and IL8 were associated with tumor reduction and prolonged PFS. High baseline levels of VEGF, soluble VEGFR3, and platelet-derived growth factor BB, and low baseline levels of soluble Tie-2, were associated with tumor reduction.

Conclusions: Lenvatinib had a high ORR, high DCR, and a short TTR in patients with documented progressive MTC. Toxicities were managed with dose modifications and medications. Clin Cancer Res; 22(1); 44–53. ©2015 AACR.
Placental Protein 13 Administration to Pregnant Rats Lowers Blood Pressure and Augments Fetal Growth and Venous Remodeling
Authors: Gizurarson Sveinbjorn , Sigurdardottir Elisabet Run , Meiri Hamutal , Huppertz Berthold , Sammar Marei , Sharabi-Nov Adi , Mandalá Maurizio , Osol George
Published: August 2015

Reduced first-trimester concentrations of placental protein 13 (PP13) are associated with subsequent development of preeclampsia, a major pregnancy disorder. We previously showed that PP13 has a vasodilatory effect, reduces blood pressure and augments expansive remodeling of the uteroplacental vasculature in pregnant rats. In this study, slow-release osmotic pumps were implanted in gravid rats (on day 8) to provide 1 week of PP13 supplementation. Treatment was associated with a reversible blood pressure reduction that returned to normal on day 15. In addition, PP13 caused venous expansion that is larger in the venous branches closer to the placenta. Then, it increased placental and pup weights. Similar administration of a truncated PP13 variant (DelT221) that is unable to bind carbohydrates (a rare spontaneous mutation associated with a high frequency of severe early preeclampsia among Blacks in South Africa) produced a hypotensive effect similar to the full-length molecule, but without venous remodeling and increased placental and pup weights. These results indicate the importance of PP13 carbohydrate binding for inducing vascular remodeling and improving reproductive outcome. Future studies are needed to determine whether beneficial effects would be evident in animal models of preeclampsia or in women predisposed to the development of preeclampsia.
Audiometric Results after Stapedotomy Operations in Patients with Otosclerosis and Preoperative Small Air-Bone Gaps
Authors: Salmon Caroline , Barriat Sébastien , Demanez Laurent , Magis David , Lefebvre Philippe
Published: August 2015

Objectives: The efficacy of stapedotomies performed on patients with small air-bone gaps (<25 dB) was compared with the efficacy of the operation in patients who had otosclerosis with high air-bone gaps (≥25 dB). Methods: This retrospective study evaluates the short-term postoperative air and bone conduction thresholds and air-bone gaps after 182 CO2 laser stapedotomies. Results: A significantly smaller air-bone gap and lower air conduction thresholds after surgery were observed in the group of patients who underwent surgery with preoperative air-bone gaps of less than 25 dB. Bone conduction thresholds improve in the group with small air-bone gaps after surgery. Conclusions: The results after stapedotomies are good even if the preoperative air-bone gap is small and the overall risk of hearing deterioration due to stapes surgery remains low.
Available Tools to Facilitate Early Patient Access to Medicines in the EU and the USA: Analysis of Conditional Approvals and the Implications for Personalized Medicine
Authors: Leyens Lada , Richer Étienne , Melien Øyvind , Ballensiefen Wolfgang , Brand Angela
Published: August 2015

Scientific knowledge and our understanding of the human body and diseases have limited any possible treatment tailoring to each patient. The technological advances enabling the integration of various data sets (e.g. ‘-omics', microbiome, epigenetics and environmental exposure) have facilitated a greater understanding of the human body, the molecular basis of disease and all the factors influencing disease onset, progression and response to treatment, thereby ushering in the era of personalized medicine. We evaluate the regulatory approaches available to facilitate early patient access to efficacious and safe compounds in the EU and the USA in order to make more informed recommendations in the future as to the gaps in regulations for early patient access. An in-depth analysis of conditional approvals (EU) and accelerated approvals (USA) is performed based on the publicly available information (European public assessment reports and a summary review of products approved under both programmes). The types of product, indications, time to approval and type of evidence submitted were analysed. Between 2007 and early 2015, 17 products were conditionally approved in the EU and 25 in the USA, most of them in the area of oncology and based on evidence from phase II clinical trial data. Early approval of promising products based on data from early phases of development is already possible in the EU and the USA. Some of the improvements could entail implementing a rolling assessment of evidence in Europe and extending the scope of early dialogues.
A Randomized Trial of Low-Flow Oxygen versus Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Preterm Infants
Authors: Heiring Christian , Steensberg Jesper , Bjerager Mia , Greisen Gorm
Published: August 2015

Background: Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) stabilizes the residual volume and may decrease the risk of ‘atelectotrauma', potentially promoting lung development in neonates. Objectives: To assess whether replacing nCPAP by low-flow O2 by nasal cannula affects lung function expressed as the arterial/alveolar oxygen tension ratio (a/A pO2 ratio) on postnatal day 28. Methods: Preterm infants (birth weight <1,500 g and gestational age, GA >26 + 0 weeks) stable on nCPAP between postnatal days 4 and 7 were randomized to nCPAP or low-flow O2 by nasal cannula (<0.2 liters/min). Study criteria defined how to wean/restart respiratory support or change from low-flow O2 to nCPAP and vice versa. Transcutaneous monitoring was used for the assessment of the a/A pO2 ratio on day 28 using a head box for all infants for accurate measurement and to eliminate possible effects from nCPAP or low-flow O2 on oxygen requirement. Results: We enrolled 52 infants (nCPAP group n = 30 and low-flow O2 group n = 22). The a/A pO2 ratio at 28 days was 0.43 ± 0.17 (nCPAP group) versus 0.48 ± 0.18 (p = 0.36). The duration of nCPAP was 16.4 (low-flow group) versus 41.1 days (nCPAP group), p < 0.001. There was no difference between groups in the fraction needing any respiratory support at 36 weeks' corrected age, length of stay, weight at discharge, and relative weight gain. Conclusions: Replacing nCPAP by low-flow O2 in preterm infants with GA >26 weeks at the end of the first week of life did not seem to affect the a/A pO2 ratio or weight gain negatively. Thus, prolonged nCPAP seems not to have a positive effect on lung function at 28 days of life and replacement by low-flow O2 could reduce the cost of equipment and increase the ease of nursing.