bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Heritage Activism in Post-Disaster Reconstruction
Authors: Uprety Sanjaya ,   Department of Architecture, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University Lalitpur, Nepal, Shrestha Barsha
Published: January 2021

In Nepal, heritage conservation is inherently political, as can be observed from the several heritage activisms in the various forms of protests, demonstrations, and criticisms of post-disaster reconstruction efforts of heritage structures of Kathmandu, which were heavily damaged by the Gorkha Earthquake of 2015. The politicization of heritage reconstruction is conspicuous in the government’s approach to defining heritage objects and places for conservation, the methods by which it interprets the relics of the past, and the cultural history and the opposition it receives from local communities and civil society. This has led to the emergence of heritage activism to protect cultural heritage from the threat of loss. This paper aims at highlighting heritage activism and its role in the post-disaster context by discussing the politicization of the conservation agenda by the government (state actors) and activists (stakeholders). Specifically, it focuses the role of heritage activism using secondary sources of information to assess the heritage value, its significance, and the “event analysis method” to analyze the events of the protest against the government’s reconstruction plan of Ranipokhari (Queen’s Pond), located in the heart of the city of Kathmandu. The paper discusses the contributory factors for the emergence of heritage activism and its potential role in sensitizing state actors and stakeholders about the conservation agenda to safeguard conservation prerequisites. It concludes that heritage activism can serve as an important means of indirect public participation to influence the post-disaster conservation policies of heritage sites in developing countries like Nepal.
Documentary Film ‘Survivor’ Preserved as a Disaster Record
Authors: Maghfira Shiti , Matsukawa Anna ,   Kougetsu School Association Jalan Lada 2 No.147 Komplek. Meusara Agung, Keutapang, Aceh Besar, Aceh 23354, Indonesia,   National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED), Ibaraki, Japan
Published: January 2021

The Aceh Province, located in the northern island of Sumatera, Indonesia, is highly vulnerable to disasters. The experience of being struck by the devastating earthquake and tsunami on December 26, 2004 has not been communicated to the young generation of Acehnese. Hence, they need to be informed of the real and serious threats of occurrence of certain disasters. By understanding this information, the impacts of future disasters could be reduced. Preserving the live narrative of the tsunami survivors in the form of a documentary film is one of the ways of ensuring disaster preparedness, which would also be easy for the millennial generation to comprehend. The objective of this paper is to describe how oral narration was combined with visual art to create a documentary film. By capturing the life stories of tsunami survivors, it may serve as an example of community-based risk preparation through the dissemination of tsunami warnings and evacuation messages.
Learning from the Training for the Successors and Storytellers the Legacy of Atomic Bombing in Hiroshima City: Lessons for Disaster Storytellers
Authors: Sato Shosuke , Iwasaki Masahiro ,   International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan,   Survey Research Center Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
Published: January 2021

Development of a “disaster storyteller (relater)” training program is necessary for sustainable and effective disaster management and tradition. In this paper, we observed a training program of atomic bombing storytellers (relater), who survived the bombing of Hiroshima, and legacy successors, who did not experience it. In addition, we conducted an interview survey of the Hiroshima City Hall administrative staff and eight tellers who completed the course program, as well as an analysis of training log data. The results showed that all interviewees who completed the program evaluated it positively, and many active storytellers completed the training every year. Finally, a standard training program for disaster storytellers was designed and proposed based on survey results.
Strengthening Disaster Response and Resilience in Lao PDR - A Decade of Learning Since Typhoon Ketsana
Authors: Vivona Dina ,   Gender Development Association (GDA) 169/8 Saphanthong Neua, Vientiane, Lao PDR, Suyavong Manivanh
Published: January 2021

When the southern provinces of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) were hit by Typhoon Ketsana in September 2009, it brought devastation and destruction to over 200,000 people. The impacts of the disaster only exacerbated the social and economic vulnerabilities Lao PDR was already facing as a Least Developed Country. Despite the challenges encountered by emergency response teams and aid workers, the Government of Lao PDR used the lessons learnt to improve humanitarian response planning and strengthen community-based disaster resilience. This review seeks to evaluate the progress made in disaster risk management in Lao PDR since Typhoon Ketsana, and analyze the impacts a gender analysis conducted by Oxfam Australia had on mainstreaming inclusive and gender-responsive approaches to disaster risk reduction. It will also provide key recommendations to support the continuous development of community-based disaster risk reduction.
Role of Oral Transmission in Disaster Prevention Education – Significance of Disaster Folklore in Modern Times –
Authors: Fujii Manabu ,   AIG Institute Grand Front Osaka Tower B, 3-1 Ofuka-cho, Kita-ku, Osaka, Osaka 530-0011, Japan, Tamano Erina , Hattori Kazuya
Published: January 2021

Oral and other modes of transmission that convey the experience of past disasters possess a vividness that cannot be obtained by disaster prevention education practices such as viewing hazard maps. Oral transmission is believed to have the capacity to induce rapid evacuation of people during disasters by acting on their emotions such as fear or anxiety. Meanwhile, the judgment, decision-making, or disaster knowledge of past disasters, has limitations such as the inclusion of inappropriate views from the standpoint of modern disaster management, or underestimation of the damage in the event of major disasters of an unprecedented scale, which can lead to a delay in evacuation. Disaster prevention education should adopt a “hybrid approach,” which combines oral transmission or other means that act on “emotions,” by providing a virtual experience of disasters and modern disaster-prevention knowledge, including hazard maps and teaching material, based on “reason.”
Education for Disaster Risk Reduction in Hyogo to Be Handed Down Through Generations
Authors: Kawata Yasuhito , Takenouchi Kensuke , Yamori Katsuya ,   Disaster Reduction and Human Renovation Institution DRI-West6F, 1-5-2 Wakinohama Kaigan-dori, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-0073, Japan,   Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Published: January 2021

Twenty-five years have passed since the Hanshin-Awaji earthquake. While Hyogo Prefecture and the city of Kobe have made a strong recovery, they also have a social responsibility to pass on lessons learned from the past to future generations. To retell the past, disasters are also well known for their war stories and peace education programs. Various peace education initiatives have been implemented around the world. While many people can talk about the Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake based on their experiences, an increasing number of people have not experienced the disaster. In addition, the number of schoolteachers who cannot describe the disaster to children are increasing because they were born after the disaster. This paper introduces the Promotion Program of Education for disaster risk reduction implemented by the Kobe City Board of Education and investigates how education for disaster risk reduction has developed in schools. The authors involved and surveyed two elementary schools, one junior high school, and one high school. This survey points out the importance of continuous education for disaster risk reduction, and highlights the importance of dialogue and interaction with people who have not experienced the disaster, so that the story of the disaster can be narrated in their own words.
Making Evacuation Routine Behavior: Impact of Experiencing Severe Flood Damage on Recognition and Advance Evacuation Behavior
Authors: Tanaka Masato ,   Department of Regional Development Studies, Otemon Gakuin University 2-1-15 Nishi-ai, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-8502, Japan, Shimomura Minori
Published: January 2021

This study analyzes the impact of experiencing a disaster on subsequent risk recognition and evacuation behavior using data collated from the interview of victims of the flood and landslides that followed the 2014 Hiroshima Heavy Rain Disaster. The high accuracy of the storm and flood damage prediction system has made it possible to limit human casualties by routinizing advance evacuation behavior. The study explores conditions for the routinization of evacuation behavior and its findings are as follows: (i) a series of experiences such as timing of incidental awareness, evacuation, housing damage, and human damage define the damage recognition of each victim. The difference between each damage recognition has different influences on their post-disaster risk recognition and behaviors; (ii) experiencing severe disasters generally enhances disaster risk recognition. However, whether it promotes advanced evacuation behavior is dependent on the magnitude of the damage and pre-disaster risk recognition. If risk recognition is ambiguous, the effect of the experience is minimal even if the damage is severe; (iii) for disaster victims to inculcate an evacuation behavior in preparation for the next disaster, they must first have clear pre-disaster risk recognition mechanisms. It is also necessary to have a reliable destination that is incorporated into the daily life of the residents, which can serve as an evacuation site.
Evaluation of Listeners Reaction on the Storytelling of Disaster Response Experience: The Case of Service Continuity at Miyagi Prefectural Office After Experiencing the Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Sato Shosuke ,   International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan, Imamura Fumihiko
Published: January 2021

The influence of the storytelling of disaster response experiences at a disaster-stricken local government on listeners (receivers) has not always been well evaluated and analyzed. In this paper, a project to listen to the storytelling of disaster response experiences at the Miyagi Prefectural Office, which suffered from the Great East Japan Earthquake, is taken as an example, and the empathy and change of knowledge caused by the storytelling and the attention obtained from it are clarified based on questionnaires of 48 listeners. As a result, the following effects are confirmed: many listeners actually feel that they acquired knowledge that would be useful for a disaster response in the future; the story in the interview is connected to reality and the listeners can imagine the situation at that time so that the story influences their feelings; moreover, the story offers the listeners the opportunity to understand an “unexpected actual situation” and “the background and the cause of why such situation developed,” which cannot be found in existing written reports.
Study Concept on the Development of an Urban Cyber Physical System for Enhancing the Capability to Respond to Large-Scale Earthquakes
Authors: Horiuchi Toshihiko , Kajiwara Koichi , Yamashita Takuzo , Aoki Takashi , Yashiro Tomonari , Sekimoto Yoshihide , Koshihara Mikio , Koizumi Hideki ,   National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) 1501-21 Nishikameya, Mitsuta, Shijimi-cho, Miki, Hyogo 673-0515, Japan,   Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,   School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Published: January 2021

Various technologies for improving earthquake-disaster-mitigation capability in urban communities are being developed and proposed. However, these technologies are sometimes difficult to use in actual applications due to the lack of incentives for owners of buildings or infrastructures, because the owners cannot calculate their cost-effectiveness and thus consider the installation payment for these technologies as a cost to be reduced. To address this problem, we propose the construction of an “Urban cyber physical system (CPS).” This urban CPS evaluates the earthquake-resistant capability of buildings and/or social infrastructures to help owners easily understand the cost-effectiveness of adopting these technologies. The CPS also calculates the effects of newly-developed technologies, thereby allowing owners to accept new technologies based on their effectiveness. The study concept of the urban CPS is as follows: (1) Construction of an “Information platform” by using data aggregation and analysis of existing vibration data of structures, datasets of building (or construction) information modeling and various other available databases; (2) Development of a “Simulation platform” that has a prediction function to calculate the behaviors of urban communities during earthquakes by using data in the Information platform and an identification function to identify structural systems from input earthquake motions and responses of structures; and (3) Establishment of an “Eco-system” to operate the urban CPS in urban community design, based on the perspective of earthquake resilience.
Arthroplasty Roundtable: The First Postoperative Visit for Total Knee and Hip Arthroplasties
Authors: Pape Randall , Johnson Joshua R. , Creamer Samantha , Davis Christopher , Cloutier Dagan
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the JOPA Roundtable discussion is to give orthopaedic PAs an insight on how each participating editorial board members treat certain clinical scenarios in their current practice. For this Arthroplasty Roundtable, editorial board members with expertise in joint reconstruction will discuss decision-making at the first postoperative visit after total knee and hip arthroplasties. Participants will share their knowledge and experience on the topic. The roundtable discussion will start with a brief case presentation.
Spine Roundtable
Authors: Sinkov Vladimir , Bianculli Jessica D. , Palmer C. Travis , McAuliffe Kame G. , Cloutier Dagan
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the JOPA Roundtable discussion is to give orthopaedic physician assistants an insight on how each participating editorial board members treat certain clinical scenarios in their current practice. For this Spine Roundtable, editorial board members with expertise in spine will discuss bone health management and spine surgery. Participants will share their knowledge and experience on the topic.
Asya Ülkeleri Sağlık Sistemi Verimliliğinin Parametrik Olmayan Yöntemler İle Analizi
Authors: ŞENGÜN İrem , YİĞİT Vahit
Published: January 2021

Son yıllarda; ülkelerin çoğu, sağlık çıktılarını daha iyi konuma getirebilmek için güçlü bir sağlık sistemine ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Bu durum, sağlık sistemini güçlendirebilmek için sağlık sistemleri verimliliğinin ölçümünü gündeme getirmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı ise; Asya ülkeleri sağlık sistemi verimliliğinin parametrik olmayan yöntemler ile analiz edilmesidir. Araştırma, Asya bölgesinde bulunan 44 ülkeyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada; ülkelerin sağlık sistemlerinin teknik verimliliğini ölçmek için Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA), VZA sonucunda verimli bulunan ülkeleri kendi aralarında sıralamak için süper etkinlik analizi ve verimliliğin zaman içerisindeki değişimini saptayabilmek için de Malmquist Toplam Faktör Verimliliği Endeksi (MTFVE) kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca verimlilik sonuçlarının yorumlanabilmesi için parametrik yöntemlerden regresyon ve kümeleme analizleri uygulanmıştır. VZA bulgularına bakıldığında; Asya ülkelerinin 2016 yılı verimlilik analizi sonuçları ortalama teknik, tahsis ve ölçek verimlilik skorlarının sırasıyla; 0,764, 0,834 ve 0,922 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. MTFVE bulgularına göre; Asya ülkelerinin ortalama toplam faktör verimliliğinde artış yaşanmadığı ve 0,963 değeri aldığı görülmektedir. Bunun nedeninin, saf etkinlik değişiminde meydana gelen %0,2 ve teknolojide yaşanan %5,9 oranlarındaki gerilemeden kaynaklandığı saptamıştır. Sonuç olarak; VZA analizine göre Asya ülkelerinin, %72,73’ünün verimsiz olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ülkelerin sağlık çıktılarını olumsuz etkilemeyecek ölçüde, sağlık girdilerini verimli kullanabilmeleri için çalışmalar yapılması ve ülkelerin sağlık alanındaki çıktı kalitesini arttırırken, sağlık harcamalarının azaltılabileceği politikalar oluşturmaları öneri olarak sunulabilir.
Üst Kademe Kuramı Kapsamında Hisse Getirileri Üzerinde CEO’nun Özelliklerinin Etkisi
Authors: UNAL Serkan , DOĞRU Çağlar
Published: January 2021

1984 yılında oluşturulan üst kademe (upper echelons) kuramı şirketlerin üst yönetim ekiplerinin özelliklerinin şirket performansına etkisini gündeme taşımıştır. Bu konuda birçok araştırma yapılmış olsa da Türkiye’de yapılmış detaylı bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’deki büyük ölçekli firmaların önemli bir kısmını içeren BİST100 endeksindeki şirketlere ait 2015-2019 yıllarını kapsayan veri seti kullanılarak şirket CEO’larının özelliklerinin şirket performansına etkisi incelenmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara CEO yaşı, CEO ikiliği, CEO’nun aynı firmada çalıştığı süre ve CEO’nun aynı firma içinden atanmasının şirket performansına etkisi bulunmamaktadır. CEO’nun mevcut pozisyonda geçirdiği sürenin ve toplam CEO olarak çalışma tecrübesinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde şirket performansına olumlu yansıdığı görülmüştür. Araştırmada önemli bulgular olarak (1) BİST100’deki şirketlerin %84’ünün CEO pozisyonuna içerden atama yaptıkları, (2) içerden atanan CEO’ların aynı pozisyonda dışarıdan atanan CEO’lara kıyasla üç kat daha fazla kaldığı ve (3) CEO olarak çalışılan süre ile elde edilen performans arasında pozitif ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Şanghay İşbirliği Örgütü’ne Üye Ülkelere Göre Küresel Girişimcilik Endeksi Bileşenlerinin Önemlilik Analizi
Authors: ALTINTAŞ Furkan Fahri
Published: January 2021

Ülkelerin kendi bünyesindeki organizasyonların girişimcilik faaliyetleri konusunda bilgisi olması ve girişimcilik faaliyetlerini analiz yapması kapsamında girişimcilik değişkenlerinden hangilerine önem verildiğinin ve verilmesi gerektiğini tespit edilmesi ile ülkelerin diğer ülkelere kıyasla farklılaşmalarına, yenilik ve rekabet üstünlüğü sağlamalarına ve buna bağlı olarak diğer sosyal gelişimleri oluşturabilmelerini sağlayabilmektedir. Bu anlamda araştırmanın amacı, Şanghay İşbirliği Örgütü’ne üye ülkelere göre 2019 yılı için CRITIC, ENTROPİ ve SWARA teknikleri ile Küresel Girişimcilik Endeks değerlerini belirleyen 12 bileşenin önemlilik derecelerini ve bunların sıralamasını bütünleşik olarak tespit etmektir. Bulgular kapsamında CRITIC, ENTROPİ ile tespit edilen girişimcilik bileşenlerinin önemlilik dereceleri ve bu derecelerin sıralamasının bütünleşik analizini yapan SWARA yöntemine göre söz konusu ülkeler tarafından önemsenen ilk 3 bileşen risk alma (GTAD3), fırsat girişimi (GYAD1) ve ürün yenilikçiliği (GAAD1) olarak sıralanmıştır. Bunun yanında yine bulgulara göre 14 girişimcilik bileşenin oluşturduğu alt dizinler (faktörler) kapsamında girişimsel yetenekler alt dizininin önemlilik derecesi, girişimsel tutumlar ve amaçlar alt dizinlerine ait önemlilik derecelerinden fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda Şanghay İşbirliği Örgütü’ne üye ülkelere göre genel anlamda girişimcilik yeteneğini, girişimcilik tutumlarından ve amaçlarından daha fazla önemsediği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Anayasal Vergilendirme İlkeleri Kapsamında Vergi Affı
Authors: YENİÇERİ Harun , AVCI Orçun
Published: January 2021

Anayasa’da af ile ilgili hükümlere yer verilmesine rağmen, af konusu hukukun tartışmalı konularından biri olmaya devam etmektedir. Vergi affı her ne kadar vergi yasalarında yer almasa da, Türkiye’de en çok düzenlenen af konusu olması nedeniyle sürekli gündemde yer almaktadır. Bu bakımdan literatüre katkı sağlayabilmek adına vergi affı, anayasal vergilendirme ilkeleri bağlamında birey ve devlet açısından ele alınmıştır. Vergi affı, dayanağını yasalardan aldığı için konu; anayasa hukuku, ceza hukuku ve vergi hukuku bağlamında incelenmiştir. Ayrıca vergi affı konusunun siyasi, ekonomik, sosyolojik gerekçeleri ve hukuki anlamda doğurduğu sonuçlar bulunmaktadır. Her ne kadar siyasi, ekonomik ve sosyolojik gerekçeler vergi affının gerekliliğini ortaya koysa da getirilen vergi affından istenilen sonuçların elde edilebilmesi için hukuksal temellerinin ve dayanaklarının sağlam oluşturulması gerekir. Böylece, getirilecek bir vergi affının anayasal vergilendirme ilkelerini esas alması büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı, vergi affı uygulamalarının anayasal vergilendirme ilkeleri bakımından değerlendirilmesidir. Çalışma kapsamında ilk olarak vergi affının kavramsal çerçevesi ve vergi affının gerekçeleri hakkında bilgi verilmektedir. Daha sonra vergi affının hukuk içindeki yeri ve anayasal vergilendirme ilkeleri kapsamında değerlendirilmektedir.
Engelli Bireylerin Restoranlarda Yaşadıkları Erişim Sorunları: Isparta İli Örneği
Authors: BULGAN Gülay , ERGENÇİÇEĞİ Aytül
Published: January 2021

Engelliler çeşitli nedenlerle hareket kısıtlaması veya bozukluğu yaşayan bireylerdir. Engelli bireylerin sosyal hayata katılımlarının sağlanabilmesi için hareket kısıtlamalarını bertaraf edecek çeşitli düzenlemelere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu düzenlemeler toplumun gelişmişliğini gösteren unsurlardan biridir. Türkiye’de söz konusu düzenlemeler için çeşitli yasalar mevcuttur. Fakat işletmelerin bu yasal sorumlulukları ne derece hayata geçirdiklerinin sorgulanması gerekmektedir. Bu maksatla gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma ile Isparta’da yaşayan engelli bireylerin restoranların sunmakta oldukları hizmetlere erişim engellerinin ortaya çıkarılması hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgularda, engellilerin gittikleri restoranlarda genellikle otopark alanlarında ve restoranların teçhizat ve donanımları hususunda erişim engelleri yaşamakta oldukları tespit edilirken, Isparta’daki restoranların genellikle sağlıklı bireyler tarafından kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. Ortopedik engelliler için restoranlarda, dik merdivenlerin varlığının erişim engeli yarattığı, rampaların olmadığı, zihinsel engellilerin ise fiziksel engellere göre daha çok olumsuz tutum ve davranışlardan etkilenmekte oldukları tespit edilmiştir.
Kripto Paralar Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: Hatemi-J Asimetrik Nedensellik Analizi
Authors: ŞAK Nazan
Published: January 2021

Kripto paralar, teknolojideki ilerlemeler ile birlikte ilk ortaya çıktığı günden itibaren hızlı bir şekilde gelişme göstererek işlem görmeye başlamıştır. Matematiksel algoritmalar kullanılarak özel şifreleme mekanizmalarıyla blok zincir (blockchain) olarak adlandırılan sistemler ile üretilen kripto paralar içinde Bitcoin, en yüksek piyasa değerine ve işlem hacmine sahip sanal paradır. Zamanla Bitcoin’e alternatif birçok sanal para da bu sistem içinde yer almaya başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, son dönemde diğer yatırım araçlarına alternatif olarak görülen kripto paralardan piyasa değeri olarak ilk 30 içinde yer alan ve ilgili dönemde verisine ulaşılabilen 13 kripto para kullanılmıştır. Pozitif ve negatif şokların yaşandığı kazandıran ve kaybettiren dönemlerde bu paralar arasındaki ilişki, Hatemi-J asimetrik nedensellik testiyle incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple, Bitcoin cash, Litecoin, Eos, Binance coin, Stellar, Monero, Dash, Ethereum classic, Neo ve Zcash kripto paralarının 26.7.2017-27.2.2020 tarihleri arasındaki günlük kapanış fiyatları verileri kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonucunda özellikle kazandıran dönemlerde kişilerin yatırım araçlarını çeşitlendirebildiği; kaybettiren dönemlerde ise daha az riskli olarak görülen kripto paralara yatırım yaptığı gözlenmiştir. Negatif şok dönemlerinde en çok tercih edilen kripto para Ripple, Binance coin, Bitcoin cash ve Monero iken; pozitif şok dönemlerinde Bitcoin, Ripple, Binance coin, Dash ve Bitcoin cash’dir.
Yeni Medya Çağında Siyasi Bilgi Kaynakları ve Kanaat Önderlerinin Siyasi Tercihlere Etkisi: 16 Nisan Referandum Örneği
Authors: GÜZ Nurettin , DEMİRTAŞ Zeynep Gazali
Published: January 2021

Yeni medya araçları ile birlikte bilgi edinme kaynakları genişlemiş, kişiler günümüzde birçok kaynaktan siyasi konular hakkında bilgi edinebilir duruma gelmiştir. İletişim araçlarının daha sınırlı kullanıldığı dönemlerde siyasi tercihlerde etkin rol oynayan kanaat önderleri, günümüzün iletişim ortamlarında kişilerin siyasi tercihleri nasıl etkiledikleri, kişilerin yeni medya çağında hangi siyasi bilgi kaynaklarını kullandıkları günümüzde merak edilen sorular arasındadır. Bu çalışmanın amacını seçmenlerin siyasi bilgi kaynakları olarak hangi araçları kullandıkları ve bu araçların hangilerinin siyasi oy tercihlerini etkilediğinin belirlenmesi oluşturmaktadır. Medya araçlarının sınırlı olduğu dönemde siyasi oy tercihlerinin belirlenmesinde etkin rol oynayan kanaat önderlerinin günümüzün gelişmiş iletişim araçları ile birlikte halen etkinliğini koruyup korumadığı, kişilerin oy tercilerinde hangi araçları tercih ettiğinin belirlenmesi açısından önemli yer tutmaktadır. Bu çalışma sonucunda kanaat önderlerinin siyasi tercihlerde etkinliğini kaybetmediği sonucuna ulaşılmakla birlikte, yeni medya araçlarından sosyal medyanın kişilerin bilgi alma kaynaklarında değişikliğe neden olduğunu söylenilebilir.
KOSGEB Desteklerinin TR 72 Bölgesi’nde İhracat ve Bölgesel Kalkınma Üzerindeki Etkileri
Authors: NOYAN YALMAN İlkay , ZORLUTUNA Şebnem
Published: January 2021

KOSGEB ülke ekonomisinin temel taşlarından olan KOBİ’lerin kurulumundan itibaren gelişmesinde ve güçlenmesinde yardımcı olmak amacıyla hizmetler veren bir kuruluştur. 1980’li yıllarla birlikte serbest piyasa sistemine geçilen Türkiye’de özel sektör yatırımlarının devlet tarafından desteklenmesi konusunda uzun yıllardır faaliyetlerini sürdürmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, TR72 bölgesinde (Kayseri, Sivas ve Yozgat) faaliyette bulunan imalat sanayindeki işletmelerin KOSGEB desteklerinden faydalanma düzeylerinin tespit edilmesi ve bu desteklerin bölge ve ülke ekonomisine olan etkisini ortaya koyabilmektir. Ayrıca, bu işletmelerin KOSGEB desteklerinden faydalanmalarına etki eden faktörler probit regresyon analizi ile incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla söz konusu illerde imalat sanayinde faaliyette bulunan işletmelere anket yapılarak, desteklerin işletmelere olan katkıları, karşılaşılan sorunlar, beklentilerin gerçekleşme düzeyi ve KOSGEB desteklerine bakışları analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, desteklerin bölge ve ülke ekonomisinin gelişmesindeki etkilerinin artırılması için politika üretilmeye çalışılmıştır. Buna göre KOBİ’leri kuruluştan itibaren gelişme ve büyüme evrelerinde KOSGEB desteklerinden faydalanabilmektedir. TR 72 Bölgesinde işletmelerin çoğunluğu KOSGEB desteklerinin kısa dönem ödemelerinin yapılmasında önemli katkı sağladığını belirtse de işletmenin finansman, rekabet, ihracat, maliyet, karlılık, kapasite artırımı, pazar, kurumsallaşma gibi faaliyetlerinde yeterince etkin olamadığını belirtmiştir.
Entropi Tabanlı Veri Zarflama Analizi Yöntemi İle Türkiye’deki İllerin Sağlık Göstergeleri Açısından Etkinliğinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: ÖMÜRBEK Nuri , ALTİN Fatma Gul , ŞİMŞEK Ali , EREN Hande
Published: January 2021

Bireylerin hayatı açısından büyük önem taşıyan sağlık hizmetleri sektöründe, etkinlik ve verimlilik kavramları, hizmet kalitesi ve hasta memnuniyeti açısından önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’deki illerin sağlık göstergeleri açısından etkinliklerinin Entropi tabanlı Veri Zarflama Analizi yöntemi ile değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada Veri Zarflama Analizi yöntemleri için belirlenen girdi-çıktı değişkenleri Sağlık Bakanlığı İstatistik Yıllığı 2014-2018 yıllarına ilişkin raporlardan elde edilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda Türkiye’deki illere ait sağlık göstergeleri temel alınarak dokuz girdi ve yedi çıktı değişkeni belirlenmiştir. Girdi-çıktı değişkenleri belirlenirken literatür taraması ve uzman görüşlerinden faydalanılmıştır. Tüm iller için Entropi ile hesaplanan girdi ve çıktı değişken ağırlıkları ile bu değişkenlerin iller bazındaki ortalamaları çarpılarak girdi değişkenleri için ağırlıklı karar matrisi ve çıktı değişkenleri için ağırlıklı karar matrisi elde edilmiştir. Düzenlenen veriler daha sonra DEAP 2.1. programına aktarılarak CCR-I ve BCC-I modeline göre çözümlemeleri yapılmıştır. İllerin sağlık göstergeleri temel alınarak yapılan girdiye yönelik VZA modeli sonucuna göre 81 ilden sadece 1 ilin etkin olmadığı diğer tüm illerin sağlık göstergeleri açısından etkin olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Retinal vessel segmentation with constrained-based nonnegative matrix factorization and 3D modified Attention U-Net
Authors: Yu Yang , Zhu Hongqing
Published: January 2021

Due to the complex morphology and characteristic of retinal vessels, it remains challenging for most of the existing algorithms to accurately detect them. This paper proposes a supervised retinal vessels extraction scheme using constrained-based Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) and 3D modified Attention U-Net architecture. The proposed method detects the retinal vessels by three major steps. First, we perform Gaussian filter and Gamma correction on the Green channel of retinal images to suppress background noise and adjust the contrast of images. Then, the study develops a new within-class and between-class constrained NMF algorithms to extract neighborhood feature information of every pixel and reduce feature data dimension. By using these constraints, the method can effectively gather similar features within-class and discriminate features between-class to improve feature description ability for each pixel. Next, this study formulates segmentation task as a classification problem and solves it with a more contributing 3D modified Attention U-Net as a two-labels classifier for reducing computational cost. This proposed network contains an up-sampling to raise image resolution before encoding and revert image to its original size with a down-sampling after three max-pooling layers. Besides, the Attention Gate (AG) set in these layers contributes to more accurate segmentation by maintaining details while suppressing noises. Finally, the experimental results on two publicly available datasets STARE and DRIVE demonstrate better performance than most existing methods.
Influence of nitrogen rates on the persistence of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) forage production
Authors: Silveira Diógenes Cecchin , Machado Juliana Medianeira , Bonetti Luiz Pedro , Carvalho Ivan Ricardo , Szareski Vinícius Jardel , Barbosa Maurício Horbach , Rosa Tiago Corazza da , Schaeffer Afonso Henrique , Motta Eder Alexandre Minski da , Moura Natâ Balssan
Published: January 2021

This work aimed at evaluating the influence of nitrogen rates on the persistence of ryegrass forage production during four agricultural years. The experiment was performed in the experimental area of the University of Cruz Alta, Brazil. The experimental design was complete randomized blocks, with four agricultural years (2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016) × four harvesting times (first, second, third and fourth) × seven nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 kg ha-1), arranged in four replicates. The application of nitrogen on natural re-sowing ryegrass promotes the increase in dry biomass production across agricultural years. The use of nitrogen as topdressing showed little effect on the persistence of ryegrass plants in the four years of study. The efficiency of nitrogen utilization was inversely proportional to the increment of the nitrogen doses used. It is fundamental to understand the behavior of nitrogen fertilization in pastures with natural re-sowing and its effects on the persistence of the plants throughout agricultural years, as well as their participation in the sustainability of agricultural activity.
Keywords: biomass production, Lolium multiflorum, urea, Brazil.
Cropping system to produce lettuce in autumn season at different elevations
Authors: Favarato Luiz Fernando , Fornazier Maurício José , Eutrópio Frederico Jacob , Guarçoni Rogério Carvalho , Mendes Lidiane
Published: January 2021

Lettuce is an annual herbaceous plant, native to the mild climate regions of the northern Mediterranean. Lettuce varieties can likely be developed well in mild temperatures, but the cold and frosty winds of the autumn/winter season may damage the leaves. Their cultivation under low tunnels is an alternative to reduce this problem. This study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the influence of different cropping systems on the productive performance of lettuce in the autumn/winter cropping season. The experiments were installed following a split plot scheme with three cropping systems: (i) Open field with black polyethylene mulching (BPM); (ii) low tunnel (LT); (iii) Open field cropping (OFC) system without BPM. Three lettuce varieties of different groups were used in the subplots, with a total of nine treatments. The experimental design was of randomized blocks with four replications, at two altitudes (700 and 950 m). The number of leaves per plant, stem length, head diameter, fresh and dry matter mass per plant, leaf area index, and specific leaf area were evaluated. LT should be used for lettuce cultivation at an altitude of 950 m, as it provided higher productive performance in the autumn season. The use of the low tunnel provided for the production of lettuce plants with thinner leaves and better visual appearance, at an altitude of 700 m.
Distribution of corn plants in a pneumatic system with different vacuum pressure adjustments and seed sieves
Authors: Madaloz José Carlos Cazarotto , Modolo Alcir José , Freitas Juan Paulo Xavier de , Campos José Ricardo da Rocha , Baesso Murilo Mesquita , Dotto Lucas , Trogello Emerson
Published: January 2021

The use of seeders with pneumatic distribution systems is increasingly demanding for plantation of corn crop. Knowledge about the operation and adjustments of the components of agricultural machines is fundamental to increase the good distribution of plants and to ensure higher productivity. The main goal of this research was to evaluate the influence of the size of the corn seed sieve under different vacuum pressure regulations on a pneumatic distribution system, to understand the longitudinal uniformity of the plants, as well as the final and individual productivity per plant. The vSet® (Precision Planting®) pneumatic distribution system equipped with 4 corn seed sieves (C1, C4, R1, and R4) subjected to 4 different vacuum pressure adjustments (7, 12, 17 and 22 in H2O-1) was applied as treatments on corn hybrid 30F53VYH. The design used was that of randomized blocks, with subdivided plots and 4 replications. The main plot presented the vacuum pressures and the subplots presented the sieves, each composed of two sowing lines of 20 m in length. The results showed that low vacuum pressure resulted in increased unevenness between corn spacings and consequently lower yield. Smaller sieves showed less gaps and higher percentages of normal spacing. The larger sieves showed higher standard deviation and more gaps. Regular and uneven gaps provided a higher number of grains per row, higher number of grains per corn spike and a higher grain yield per corn spike.
Identifying morphological diversity and superior germplasm of Citrus reticulata Blanco (Mandarin) in Sikkim and Darjeeling Himalayas, India: an application of DIVA-GIS and cluster analysis
Authors: Gurung Subhankar , Chettri Arun , Tamang Meera , Chettri Mamta
Published: January 2021

Citrus reticulata is an important cash crop for the farmers in the Sikkim and Darjeeling Himalayas, India. The lack of knowledge of its diversity has only resulted in the lack of uniformity in the fruit quality. It has become imperative to identify superior varieties that meet the demands of the market to improve the citrus industry. Hence, a total of 105 accessions of mandarin were collected randomly from different locations to assess the morphological diversity using cluster analysis and DIVA-GIS. The orchards were randomly visited in each district of the state of Sikkim and two hilly districts of the state of West Bengal (WB). A sample tree was selected from each orchard and the quantitative and qualitative characters of its leaves, flowers, and fruits were measured. A significant variation was observed in the quantitative characters with a positive correlation between fruit weight and length, fruit diameter and weight, total soluble solids (TSS) /acidity and fruit diameter. The first 6 components of Principal component analysis (PCA) exhibited 69.34% of the total variation. DIVA-GIS showed the highest diversity index for fruit weight, fruit diameter and TSS/acidity in East district, Sikkim. The highest coefficient variation for fruit diameter was observed in the East district and Darjeeling district, WB and TSS/acidity and fruit weight in East district. The dendrogram generated divided the accessions into two major clusters. The grid maps generated identified diverse accessions in the East district and Darjeeling district, which can be a source of superior germplasm
Sexual propagation of common Bahia cocoa seedlings (Theobroma cacao L.) influenced by irrigation depths and the planting seasons
Authors: Posse Robson Prucoli , Oliveira Vinicius de Souza , Valani Francielly , Silveira Stefany Sampaio , Silva Sophia Machado Ferreira da , Souza Carlos Alberto Spaggiari , Posse Sheila Cristina Prucoli , Costa Geilson Silva , Schmildt Edilson Romais
Published: January 2021

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of the most economically important species due to its use in the production of chocolate, honey, pulp, animal feed, fertilizers, jellies, butter and cocoa powder. The production of seedlings such as through sexual propagation is the essential stage for the establishment of new cocoa crops, in which the seedlings are produced by seeds. This is the most commonly used method in cocoa. Several factors interfere with the final quality of the seedlings, such as the planting season and the irrigation management. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different irrigation depths and planting seasons on the quality and growth of Bahia genotype cocoa seedlings produced through sexual propagation. The study took place at the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Campus Itapina, in Colatina, located in the Northwest region of the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized in a split-plot scheme. The plots consisted of six different irrigation depths: 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 mm d-1 and the subplots, of three different planting seasons: autumn, winter and spring. At 50 days after sowing, the seedlings were evaluated for the following morphological characteristics: plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, length of the root system, dry mass of the aerial part, dry mass of the root system, total dry mass and Dickson quality index. The production of Common Bahia genotype cacao seedlings is more effective in the irrigation depth of 9.44 mm d-1, demonstrating better development and higher plant quality.
Tetradenia riparia (Lamiaceae) essential oil: an alternative to Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Authors: Sabec Giuliana Zardeto- , Jesus Renan Almeida de , Oliveira Herika Line Marko de , Campo Caio Franco de Araújo Almeida , jacomassi Ezilda , Gonçalves José Eduardo , Gazim Zilda Cristiani
Published: January 2021

In Brazil, Rhipicephalus sanguineus resistance to some pyrethroids have been detected, motivating research on new phyto-insecticides such as essential oil from Tetradenia riparia leaves (EOL) and flower buds (EOFB). The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation (3h) and identified by GC/MS. In addition, a multivariate exploratory analysis was done to determine the analysis of the major compounds (PCA). The bioassays on R. sanguineus larvae were done by immersion test at different EO concentrations which ranged from 50,000 to 0.47 mg/mL (v/v). The action mechanism of EOs were determined by bioautographic method evaluating the inhibitory potential on the acetylcholinesterase enzyme. The EO yield in leaves was 0.29±0.22 (%) and in flower buds 0.38±0.17 (%). The class projections showed oxygenated sesquiterpenes (43.62%) and diterpenes (15.60%) in EOFB, and hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes (26.44%) and oxygenated monoterpenes (16.44%) in EOL. Four components presented a greater distancing of mass flow: fenchone (11.57 and 6.01 %), α-cadinol (12.21 and 13.69 %), 14-hidroxy-9-epi-caryophyllene (8.56 and 15.38 %), and caryophyllene oxide (1.32 and 4.50 %) in EOL and EOFB, respectively. The lethal concentrations (LCs) to kill R. sanguineus larvae were (LC50: 2.18±0.24 and LC99.9: 9.98±0.10 mg/mL) for EOL, and (LC50: 5.36±2.50 and LC99.9: 20.12±0.54 mg/mL) for EOFB. The action mechanism of EOs by bioautographic methods indicated an inhibition of 0.70 mg/mL (EOL) and 1.40 mg/mL (EOFB) on the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE). Therefore, this species can be considered promising to be part of the chemical larvicides to control this ectoparasite
Drying kinetics of Hyola 430 hybrid canola (Brassica napus L.) seeds
Authors: Costa Lílian Moreira , Resende Osvaldo , Oliveira Daniel Emanoel Cabral de , Carvalho José Mauro Guimarães , Bueno Sarah Gabrielle Sousa , Quequeto Wellytton Darci
Published: January 2021

This work aimed to study the drying kinetics of canola seeds, fit mathematical models and obtain the effective diffusion coefficient. Canola seeds with initial moisture content of 0.3653 (decimal, d.b.) were subjected to drying in a forced ventilation oven at temperatures of 40, 60, 80 and 100 °C and relative humidity of 37.15, 16.93, 8.35, 4.41 and 2.47%, respectively. The samples were dried on trays without perforations, containing approximately 77 g, in three replicates. A final moisture content of 0.080 ± 0.004 (decimal, d.b.) was established to determine the drying curves and fit the mathematical models. The mathematical models were selected considering the mean estimated error, chi-square, coefficient of determination, mean relative error, and Akaike (AIC) and Bayesian (BIC) information criteria. Drying time decreased with increasing temperature. Based on the best values of the statistical parameters and together with the Akaike and Bayesian information criteria, the Page model was selected to represent the drying kinetics of canola seeds. The effective diffusion coefficients showed magnitudes between 0.153x10-11 and 1.221x10-11 (m2 s-1), and their values increased with temperature increase, being described by the Arrhenius equation, with activation energy of 33.94 kJ mol-1, an important piece of information to consider when designing drying equipment
Combining ability analysis of yield and resistance to late blight disease caused by Phytophthora infestans in Uganda
Authors: Namugga Prossy , Sibiya Julia , Melis Rob , Barekye Alex
Published: January 2021

Breeding for resistance to late blight disease caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary in potato is the most economically, effective and ecologically sustainable method to control the disease and boost productivity. The study estimated combining ability effects of yield, yield related traits, late blight resistance and gene action controlling resistance to Phytophthora infestans. Eighteen F1 families generated from two sets of 12 parents, using a North Carolina Design II, were evaluated for relative area under disease progress curve (rAUDPC), yield and yield related traits in two late blight hotspot locations of Kachwekano and Kalengyere research stations. Trials were established using an alpha lattice design (6 x 5) with two replications. Both additive and non-additive genetic effects were important in controlling yield and late blight resistance. However, additive gene action was dominant. The general combining ability (GCA) to specific combining ability ratio (SCA); (GCA/SCA) for total tuber weight and late blight resistance was 0.53 and 0.62 respectively. Broad-sense heritability estimates were 0.78 for total tuber weight and 0.68 for relative area under disease progress curve (rAUDPC). This study showed some evidence of maternal effects for rAUDPC (1.45) and average tuber weight (ATW) (1.56), although these were not significant at P<0.05. Parents Kinigi, 392657.8, 396034.103, 396038.107, 395011.2, NKRK19.17, NKRN59.58 and 395017.14 had good GCA effects for both late blight resistance and yield related traits. Crosses of 392657.8 x 395017.14 and 396038.107 x NKRN59.58 had the highest SCA effects for yield related traits, while families Kinigi x NKRK19.17and 392657.8 x NKRN59.41 had the lowest SCA effects for rAUDPC. The relatively high heritability estimates and predominant additive genetic effects imply that genetic advances in resistance to Phytophthora infestans and tuber yield among these genotypes can be realized by selecting superior clones.
Sustainable alternatives for post-harvest strawberry conservation
Authors: Marques Léo Omar Duarte , Benati Jorge Atílio , Carvalho Josiane Duarte de , Farias Paulo Mello- , Acosta Tâmara Foster , Herter Flávio Gilberto , Pasa Mateus da Silveira
Published: January 2021

Strawberries show a short post-harvest conservation period. To improve it, the effect of different post-harvest storage temperatures, conservation methods and three different storage periods were tested on ‘San Andreas’ strawberry, right after harvest. The experiment consisted of a three factorial 2 x 5 x 3 (temperatures x methods x storage periods), arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD). Four replications were used for each treatment, each with five sampling units. The treatments tested were: storage temperatures - 1°C and 18°C (T1 and T2); conservation methods - sodium hypochlorite 0.5% (C1), potato starch film 6% + sodium hypochlorite 0.5% (C2), cassava starch film 6% + sodium hypochlorite 0.5% (C3), UV-C radiation (C4), and control (no treatment) (C5); Storage period - 3, 6, and 9 days (D1, D2, D3, respectively). The parameters assessed were flesh firmness, color (hue angle, chroma, and luminosity), soluble solids (SST) and mass loss. Fruit kept at a temperature of 1°C showed better traits than those stored at 18°C, regardless of the method and storage period. Among the conservation methods tested, only UV-C and sodium hypochlorite improved some attributes (firmness and SST) when associated with refrigeration at 1°C. The use of potato and cassava starch is not as expected since they do not improve conservation and the total soluble solids contents.