bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Spiral of Time: the Crystal‐Image in Herrmann's Music for Hitchcock's Vertigo
Authors: Moreira Daniel
Published: June 2021

Time is a central – if not the central – dimension of Hitchcock's Vertigo, as noted by Richard Goodkin (1991), who compares the film to Proust's À la recherche du temps perdu; by Marker (1995), who has interpreted the idea of vertigo in the film as a metaphor for ‘the vertigo of time’; and by a number of authors who have applied Gilles Deleuze's ([1985] 1989) concept of the crystal‐image to key sequences in the film where past and future coalesce together and become indiscernible (Pisters 2003 and Stone and Cooke 2016).

In this article, I discuss some of the ways in which Bernard Herrmann's music for Vertigo is crucial in delineating the complex temporality of the film, more specifically by first opposing and then merging two different layers of temporality – one of them future‐oriented, the other one past‐oriented. I argue that this process can be illuminated using the concept of the crystal‐image, which according to Deleuze expresses not only the nature of time in general but also the more specific nature of musical time as the fundamental interweaving of a future‐oriented component (the gallop) and a past‐oriented component (the ritornello). I further show that these two temporal directions in Vertigo’s music can be associated to ideas of linear and cyclical time (Kramer 1988 and Berger 2007), this way suggesting a new interpretation for the recurring metaphor of the spiral in the film, namely as a spiral of time that combines the future‐oriented arrow (linear time) and a past‐oriented circle (cyclical time).
Consumption of sugar‐sweetened beverages and metabolic markers in children – a narrative review of the evidence
Authors: Olsen Nanna Julie , Lilienthal Heitmann Berit
Published: June 2021

A healthy hydration habit is an important aspect of a healthy diet, but recommendations on beverage choices are still less detailed than food‐based recommendations. It is our working hypothesis that frequent consumption of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs) may cause insulin resistance by inducing rapid increases in insulin concentration. Insulin resistance is central to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and may also be linked to development of obesity. This narrative review aims to review the literature on SSB consumption in relation to adverse markers of glucose metabolism in children. Literature searches were conducted in Medline and Embase via Ovid® on June 21st and June 22nd, 2020. From 8892 titles, abstracts were screened from 76 publications. This screening resulted in the inclusion of 13 publications, while reference screening of the 13 publications resulted in inclusion of an additional six publications. A total of 11 cross‐sectional studies, two prospective studies, five experimental studies and one randomised controlled trial were reviewed. The majority of the reviewed studies reported significant, positive associations between SSB consumption and a broad range of adverse markers of glucose metabolism. Results suggested that the adverse effects of SSB consumption on metabolic health may not be limited to individuals with overweight. The results suggest that more frequent consumption of SSBs may be associated with adverse markers of glucose metabolic health among children. However, the evidence is limited by a paucity of prospective studies and randomised controlled trials, as well as by profound heterogeneity in definitions of exposures and outcomes.
Do woody vines use gelatinous fibers to climb?
Authors: Chery Joyce G. , Glos Rosemary A. E. , Anderson Charles T.
Published: June 2021

Many plant movements are facilitated by contractile cells called gelatinous fibers (G‐fibers), but how G‐fibers function in the climbing movements of woody vines remains underexplored. In this Insight, we compare the presence and distribution of G‐fibers in the stems of stem‐twiners, which wrap around supports, with non‐stem‐twiners, which attach to supports via tendrils or adventitious roots. An examination of 164 species spanning the vascular plant phylogeny reveals that G‐fibers are common in stem‐twiners but scarce in non‐stem‐twiners, suggesting that G‐fibers are preferentially formed in the organ responsible for movement. When present, G‐fibers are in the xylem, phloem, pericycle, and/or cortex. We discuss the hypothesis that G‐fibers are foundational to plant movement and highlight research opportunities concerning G‐fiber development and function.
Discovery of a novel eIF4E1.S allele conferring PVY resistance in Chinese tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) landraces
Authors: Lin Shifeng , Dewey Ralph E. , Wang Rengang , Ren Xueliang , Wang Zili , Zhang Jishun , Long Mingjin
Published: June 2021

The tobacco eIF4E1.S gene is a well‐recognized susceptibility factor for potato virus Y (PVY) and a dominant target locus for current PVY resistance breeding in tobacco. In this study, over 900 tobacco landraces from China were screened for resistance to PVY and the DNA sequence of eIF4E1.S was analysed for all resistant accessions. Eight PVY‐resistant lines were identified from this screen, and a naturally occurring mutant allele of eIF4E1.S carrying a single nucleotide insertion was discovered in seven, including a landrace called Kaiyangxiaoheiyan (Kaixiao), and designated eIF4E1.Kai. Knowledge of the mutant gene sequence enabled the development of a codominant PCR‐based marker that can distinguish eIF4E1.S/eIF4E1.Kai heterozygotes from both homozygous classes. Using this marker, we genotyped F2 plants segregating for the eIF4E1.Kai mutant and confirmed the relationship between genotype and phenotype. The results described here provide valuable genetic insights into Chinese tobacco landraces as a source of naturally occurring PVY resistance, as well as a powerful tool for the molecular marker‐assisted breeding of tobacco varieties containing the resistance source eIF4E1.Kai.
Dynamics of the ascospore dispersal of Stagonosporopsis citrulli, a causal agent of gummy stem blight of cucurbits
Authors: Rennberger Gabriel , Turechek William W. , Keinath Anthony P.
Published: June 2021

Sexually reproduced, airborne ascospores of Stagonosporopsis citrulli may play a role in its dispersal. S. citrulli causes gummy stem blight (GSB), one of the most important foliar diseases of cucurbits. Four studies were conducted with S. citrulli to investigate for how long ascospores are released and how far they can be dispersed from a source field. In the first study, colonized watermelon debris was sampled during three seasons and samples were assayed for ascospore release. Ascospores were detected 292, 313, and 306 days after inoculation of the source. In the second study, the active release of ascospores from pseudothecia in a Petri dish was monitored for 7 days. The release of ascospores decreased by ≤90% from 1 day after the start of the assay until 7 days after. In the third study, trap plant assays were conducted to measure the dispersal gradient of ascospores up to 366 m from the source. Generally, frequency of pathogen recovery from trap plants decreased with increasing distance from the source. The ascospore dispersal data fitted the exponential model better than the power law model. In the final study, dispersal experiments were conducted under controlled conditions. The incidence of GSB decreased with increasing distance, up to 55 m, from the source. It was concluded that ascospores of S. citrulli can serve as primary inoculum for epidemics and could easily spread among fields. Debris from cucurbit crops can be the source of ascospores for up to 10 months and should be cleared expeditiously.
Water deficit stress responses of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in different Iranian cultivars of basil
Authors: Khakdan Fatemeh , Govahi Mostafa , Mohebi Zahra , Ranjbar Mojtaba
Published: June 2021

Ocimum basilicum, a popular aromatic plant, contains aromatic terpenes of terpenoids with in vivo and in vitro verified cytotoxicity. Considering the characteristics and potential of its utilization, it would be attractive to reveal its regulation and biosynthesis, originally at the molecular level under water deficit stress. For this aim, for the first time, the gene encoding the enzyme involved in the end step of the MEP biosynthetic pathways (HDR) was cloned, and the accumulation ratio of linalool, germacrene D and γ‐cadinene compounds as well as the expression trait of four critical genes (i.e., HDR, LinS, GerS, and GadS) was assessed under water deficit stress in three Iranian cultivars of basil. The highest value of linalool and γ‐cadinene were detected for Cultivar 1 (Cult. 1) under mild stress (W1; 52.6 and 21.1%), while insignificant amounts were obtained for Cultivar 3 (Cult. 3). The germacrene D level of Cultivar 2 (Cult. 2) increased under severe and moderate water stresses as compared with mild water deficit stress. Apart from some expectation, all the studied genes demonstrated divergent transcription ratios under water deficit stress. Principal component analyses (PCA) showed that the relative water content (RWC) and HDR gene expression correlated significantly with essential oil components and gene expression in Cult. 1 and 2, which could represent an elevated demand for corresponding metabolites in the plant tissues. The present work elaborates on the regulation of the mentioned genes, and the results indicate that the production of terpenoids might be a drought stress‐dependent and cultivar‐dependent procedure.
Racialized parenting in the United States
Authors: Manning Alex
Published: June 2021

Contrary to anti‐black, cultural deficit logics that frame Black parenting as tied to the reproduction of social disadvantage, research shows that Black parents, and other parents of color, are agentic as they parent in direct response to the dominant racial order of the United States. In this paper, I review this scholarship and primarily focus on how Black parents approach raising children in the racialized worlds that they live in. To mitigate the disadvantages caused by racism, Black parents use various intentional racialized parenting approaches to instill in their children a resilience to a racist social world. The strategies used to cultivate resilience to racism exist in varied social and institutional contexts, and intertwine with how parents understand race, class, and identity. Laborious racialized parenting techniques do not solely matter at the micro‐level as such practices are unevenly recognized by white‐dominant social institutions. This uneven dynamic indicates how hegemonic norms of American parenting culture fit within a project of racial neoliberalism. Consequently, Black parents are structurally pushed to burden more responsibility to prepare their children to survive a deeply racist and hyper‐competitive social world with no guarantee that such intensive, strategic parenting will be rewarded.
Reconstruction of ancestral karyotype illuminates chromosome evolution in the genus Cucumis
Authors: Zhao Qinzheng , Meng Ya , Wang Panqiao , Qin Xiaodong , Cheng Chunyan , Zhou Junguo , Yu Xiaqing , Li Ji , Lou Qunfeng , Jahn Molly , Chen Jinfeng
Published: June 2021

Karyotype dynamics driven by complex chromosome rearrangements constitute a fundamental issue in evolutionary genetics. The evolutionary events underlying karyotype diversity within plant genera, however, have rarely been reconstructed from a computed ancestral progenitor. Here, we developed a method to rapidly and accurately represent extant karyotypes with the genus, Cucumis, using highly customizable comparative oligo‐painting (COP) allowing visualization of fine‐scale genome structures of eight Cucumis species from both African‐origin and Asian‐origin clades. Based on COP data, an evolutionary framework containing a genus‐level ancestral karyotype was reconstructed, allowing elucidation of the evolutionary events that account for the origin of these diverse genomes within Cucumis. Our results characterize the cryptic rearrangement hotspots on ancestral chromosomes, and demonstrate that the ancestral Cucumis karyotype (n = 12) evolved to extant Cucumis genomes by hybridizations and frequent lineage‐ and species‐specific genome reshuffling. Relative to the African species, the Asian species, including melon (Cucumis melo, n = 12), Cucumis hystrix (n = 12) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus, n = 7), had highly shuffled genomes caused by large‐scale inversions, centromere repositioning and chromothripsis‐like rearrangement. The deduced reconstructed ancestral karyotype for the genus allowed us to propose evolutionary trajectories and specific events underlying the origin of these Cucumis species. Our findings highlight that the partitioned evolutionary plasticity of Cucumis karyotype is primarily located in the centromere‐proximal regions marked by rearrangement hotspots, which can potentially serve as a reservoir for chromosome evolution due to their fragility.
Back Matter
Authors: Fehring Thomas H. , Reynolds Terry S.
Published: June 2021

This back matter contains the Appendix: Current and Past Members of ASME’S History and Heritage Committee 1917-2021, References and Index.
Energy Production and Conversion
Authors: Fehring Thomas H. , Reynolds Terry S.
Published: June 2021

In many ways, energy production and its conversion from one form to another is the heart of mechanical engineering. The history of energy is vast, beginning with efforts to make the energy produced by human muscle more effective through the use of lubricants or the application of the so-called six simple machines in pre-history. By the end of Classical antiquity, inventors and engineers had harnessed the power of wind to move ships and water to grind flour. In the eighteenth century the first practical heat engines opened the era of fossil fuels, utilizing the expansive power of steam to convert thermal energy to mechanical energy.
The Effect of a Nonisothermal Free Stream on Boundary-Layer Heat Transfer
Authors: Sparrow E. M. , Gregg J. L.
Published: June 2021

An analysis is made for laminar forced-convection heat transfer from a flat plate to a nonisothermal free stream. An exact solution of the boundary-layer energy equation is found for the situation of linearly varying free-stream temperature. Numerical calculations are carried out for Prandtl numbers in the range 0.01 ⩽ Pr ⩽ 50. Results are presented for the change in heat transfer due to the variation in free-stream temperature. This effect decreases with increasing Prandtl number.
Some Preliminary Results of Visual Studies of the Flow Model of the Wall Layers of the Turbulent Boundary Layer
Authors: Kline S. J. , Runstadler P. W.
Published: June 2021

Preliminary studies of the flow model in the wall layers of the turbulent boundary layer are presented. Results are summarized for investigations of positive pressure gradients, zero and negative pressure gradients, readjusting zones, and the later stages of transition. In all cases, the special visual methods developed for these studies show a definite three-dimensional vortex-flow model. The presently available details of this model are described, a possible interpretation of the physics of the turbulent boundary layer is given, and some of the many implications of the flow model are discussed.
On Journal Bearings of Finite Length With Variable Viscosity
Authors: Tao L. N.
Published: June 2021

An exact solution of the Reynolds equation for journal bearings of finite length with viscosity as a function of pressure is found. The analytical solution is expressed in terms of Heun functions. The load capacity and the attitude angle are derived. It is found that the load vector, in general, is not perpendicular to the line of journal and bearing centers as shown in the constant-viscosity case.
On Critical Speeds of a Shaft Supported by a Ball Bearing
Authors: Yamamoto Toshio
Published: June 2021

The author points out that two kinds of critical speeds induced by a slight difference in the diameter of balls in a ball bearing appear in a rotating shaft supported by ball bearings. These two critical speeds have peculiar modes of vibrations which are determined by dimensions of ball bearings; one of them is motion of forward precession, the other is backward precession. The paper describes the cause of these critical speeds and the behavior of those vibrations.
Transients in Simple Undamped Oscillators Under Inertial Disturbances
Authors: Dornig Antongiulio
Published: June 2021

Single-degree-of-freedom systems acted upon inertial forces are often found in technical applications. In this paper we shall study the transients in the vibrations of the system due to a change in speed in the machine in which the inertial forces are generated. We shall state the problem in the most general case, and then study the starting and the stopping with constant acceleration. After giving the exact solution of the problem we shall derive very simple approximate formulas for the determination of the maximum amplitude reached in these transients.
Direct Determination of Stresses in Plane Elasticity Problems Based on the Properties of Isostatics
Authors: Theocaris Pericles S.
Published: June 2021

An experimental method is developed for the calculation of stresses in plane elasticity problems. The method consists substantially in determining a function of the complex variable representing the field of isostatics. This function has a convenient form so that the boundary conditions can be expressed by simple relations. From the isostatics, which are traced experimentally, the differential parameter of first order h can be calculated all over the field. The components of stresses are expressed by relations depending on boundary conditions and the parameter h. The method is applied to two particular problems of plane elasticity and a comparison of the results obtained by this method and by analytic methods is provided.
Upper and Lower Bounds for Special Eigenvalues
Authors: Appl F. C. , Zorowski C. F.
Published: June 2021

A method for finding upper and lower bounds for the fundamental eigenvalue in special eigenvalue problems is presented. The method is systematic and is shown to provide convergence from above and below to the exact eigenvalue under certain conditions. The method is based on the relatively well-known enclosure or comparison theorem of Collatz, and makes use of a power series to approximate the eigenfunction. The method is applied to two examples concerning the critical-elastic buckling load of variable-section columns with pinned ends. Results for the first example compare well with the exact solution, which is known; the second example is presented as an addition to the literature.
Large Deflections of a Clamped Elliptical Plate Subjected to Uniform Pressure
Authors: Nash W. A. , Cooley I. D.
Published: June 2021

The problem of the nonlinear large deflections of a clamped edge thin elliptical plate subject to a uniform normal load is treated by the method of successive approximations based upon the smallness of central deflection. Results of the analysis are shown to be in excellent agreement with experimental data obtained from test of an aluminum plate.
Deflection of a Thick Ring in Diametral Compression by Test and by Strength-of-Materials Theory
Authors: Blake Alexander
Published: June 2021

Experimental and theoretical deflection studies are briefly described for several steel rings, of uniform rectangular cross section, compressed by two forces along a diameter and having D/d ratios ranging from 1.3 to 1.9. The calculations are based on the principle of Castigliano and expressions for strain energy due to bending, normal, and shear stresses. Discrepancies between the theoretical estimate and the tests are shown.
Velocity and Temperature Fluctuation Measurements in a Turbulent Boundary Layer Downstream of a Stepwise Discontinuity in Wall Temperature
Authors: Johnson D. S.
Published: June 2021

Results are presented of an experimental investigation of the coexisting thermal and velocity fluctuation fields in a turbulent boundary layer downstream of a small stepwise discontinuity in wall temperature. The statistical behaviors of several relevant fluctuating quantities have been obtained at a typical cross section of the boundary layer in the region where the thermal boundary layer has not yet reached the free stream. The instantaneous surface of demarcation between heated and unheated fluid was found to be sharp and distinct at all points, resulting in intermittent temperature fluctuation signals well within the fully turbulent region of the momentum boundary layer. From the measurements at one section, the balances of turbulent kinetic energy and of turbulent temperature fluctuations across the boundary layer have been evaluated. In addition, the distribution of the local turbulent Prandtl number (ratio of the turbulent diffusivities of momentum and heat) through the boundary layer has been obtained; it is not constant and varies between limits of 0.8 and 1.2.
Density Variation Effects in Stepped-Thrust Bearings
Authors: Kettleborough C. F.
Published: June 2021

The problem of the stepped-thrust bearing is considered but, whereas normally volumetric continuity is assumed, the equations are solved assuming mass continuity; i.e., the variation of density is also considered as well as the effect of the stepped discontinuity on the load-carrying capacity and the coefficient of friction. Computed theoretical curves illustrate the importance of the density on the operation of this bearing and, in part, explain results already published.
Response of Van Der Pol’s Oscillator to Random Excitation
Authors: Caughey T. K.
Published: June 2021

This paper considers the response of Van der Pol’s oscillator to random excitation. It is shown that the output of the oscillator consists of a periodic term, plus a narrow band noise term centered at the natural frequency of the oscillator. The root-mean-square amplitude of this noise term is shown to be proportional to the square root of the spectral density of the excitation, and inversely proportional to the amplitude of self-oscillation.
On Finite Bending of Pressurized Tubes
Authors: Reissner Eric
Published: June 2021

A unified treatment is presented of two well-known problems which have until now been considered separately. The two problems are: (a) the linear problem of pure bending of curved tubes, and (b) the nonlinear problem of pure bending of straight tubes. In both problems the effect of uniform internal pressure is included. The essential step in the present analysis is the treatment of the flattening of the cross sections of the tube by means of a theory of finite bending of circular rings. The general results of the paper are used to obtain improved values for the stability parameters in the problem of flattening instability of originally straight tubes acted upon by end bending moments, and also to obtain results on the effect of slight original curvature of the beam axis in the problem of flattening instability.
On Invariant Perforation in an Infinite Strip
Authors: Ling Chih-Bing
Published: June 2021

The invariant perforation in an infinite strip can be classified into two groups. One is the finite group and the other is the infinite group. There are five cases in the finite group and nine cases in the infinite group. All the cases can be solved by the method of images. This method has, in fact, been used by the author to solve the stresses in an infinite strip containing either an unsymmetrically located single hole or a series of uniformly distributed equal holes. The solution is illustrated by working out in detail one of the cases in the infinite group, in which the strip contains two series of equal holes symmetrically staggered along the strip. The stress function is constructed by using a class of periodic harmonic functions derived from Weierstrass’ sigma function. Numerical examples also are given to show the effect of such a perforation on the stresses in the strip.
Impact and Moving Loads on a Slightly Curved Elastic Half Space
Authors: Eringen A. C. , Samuels J. C.
Published: June 2021

Two-dimensional Fourier transforms are employed to treat the two-dimensional dynamic problem of elastic half space having a slightly wavy boundary. The various boundary curves considered include square and triangular bumps and holes, and sinusoidal and periodic boundaries. The number of different types of surface loadings considered are: (a) Normal tractions and zero shear, (b) impulsive normal tractions and zero shear, (c) suddenly applied normal tractions and zero shear, (d) concentrated normal load and zero shear, (e) concentrated impulsive load and zero shear, (f) pulsating normal load and zero shear, (g) moving loads, (h) pulsating moving loads, (i) vertical and horizontal loads, (j) moving vertical loads. Stress and displacement components for special cases of the loads described in (a, c, f, and g) acting on a sinusoidal boundary lead to a solution which requires evaluation of a single indefinite integral. Closed-form results are given for a uniform pulsating pressure load.
Stability of Forced Oscillations With Nonlinear Second-Order Terms
Authors: Shen Chi-Neng
Published: June 2021

A solution is obtained for forced oscillations with nonlinear second-order terms. The stability of this solution is given by its variational equation. The boundary of stability is analyzed by both the perturbation and continued fraction methods. The amplitude of osclllation with damping terms is also determined by the iteration procedure.
Analysis of a Nonlinear Mechanical System With Three Degrees of Freedom
Authors: Hovanessian S. A.
Published: June 2021

In recent years the methods of solution of nonlinear vibratory systems with one degree of freedom have been extended to the solution of nonlinear systems with two degrees of freedom. For these systems, the steady-state amplitude equations can be obtained by several methods, such as perturbation and the iteration method introduced by Duffing. In this paper the amplitude-frequency equations for a nonlinear mechanical system with three degrees of freedom are obtained, using Duffing’s method for obtaining the steady-state amplitude equations [1]. The steady-state response curves of two nonlinear mechanical systems, each having three degrees of freedom, are given.
Stresses in an Ellipsoidal Rotor in a Centrifugal Force Field
Authors: Goldberg M. A. , Sadowsky Michael
Published: June 2021

This paper contains an exact solution for the stress distribution in an elastic ellipsoid rotating about a free axis. The surface of the body is free from boundary stresses. The stresses are expressed with the use of 12 coefficients which have been tabulated for 209 ellipsoids of different shapes. General diagrams give the maximum values of stresses as functions of two shape ratios.
The Drag on Spheres and Cylinders in a Stream of Dust-Laden Air
Authors: Gillespie Thomas , Gunter A. W.
Published: June 2021

A system has been developed for measuring the drag on small spheres and cylinders in a stream of dust-laden air. The drag was found to be proportional to the kinetic energy of the air plus the kinetic energy of the dust, and to be independent of particle size for particles having diameters in the range of 50 to 400μ. The well-known drag-coefficient versus Reynolds-number plots are the same for dust-free and dust-laden air provided the drag coefficient is calculated using the density of the two-phase system and the Reynolds numbers are calculated using the density of air alone. This suggests that the dust has little effect on the flow pattern. The results indicate that an instrument utilizing the drag principle to measure dust concentration could be developed.
Elastic Flexible Cable in Plane Motion Under Tension
Authors: Li Wen-Hsiung
Published: June 2021

The motion and stresses of a non-Hookian elastic flexible cable in plane motion under tension are described with four simultaneous quasilinear, partial differential equations which are totally hyperbolic. The propagation of the longitudinal elastic waves and the transverse waves are described by the four characteristics. From the characteristic equations, solutions for simple longitudinal waves and simple transverse waves are obtained for uniform Hookian cables. The problem of an infinite string moved at one point with a constant velocity can be solved. Solutions also have been obtained for the interaction of transverse and longitudinal waves with sharp fronts.
Rupture Characteristics of Safety Diaphragms
Authors: Weil N. A.
Published: June 2021

Instability (maximum pressure) criteria for materials obeying a parabolic stress-strain law are investigated. Two special solutions are formulated, accompanied by the instability condition obtained from the author’s approximate theory. Bursting pressure is most accurately predicted by the approximate theory. In turn, the polar deflection and strain at instability are more closely predicted by special solution II. It is shown that neither the “pureness” nor the annealed condition of a metal gives adequate assurance of reliability in frangible disk service. The way to insure this requirement is to confirm experimentally that, in the uniaxial test, fracture will not occur before the logarithmic strain exceeds roughly (0.36 + 0.73 m), or that in a bulge test the applied hydrostatic pressure passes through a maximum prior to bursting.
The Solution of Elastic Stability Problems With the Electric Analog Computer
Authors: Shields J. H. , MacNeal R. H.
Published: June 2021

An application of electric analog computing methods to the analysis of elastic stability problems is described. An electrical circuit is first devised which satisfies a general differential equation that is frequently encountered in the literature of elastic stability. This circuit, composed of inductors, capacitors, transformers, and current generators, is then used to obtain solutions for several classical column, framework, and plate-stability problems.
Symmetric Vortex Separation on Circular Cylinders and Cones
Authors: Bryson A. E.
Published: June 2021

The symmetric vortex separation that is observed on the leeward side of slender bodies of revolution at high angle of attack in the subsonic to moderately supersonic-velocity range is analyzed by means of the “lumped-vorticity” approximation suggested by Edwards and Hill. The equivalent unsteady two-dimensional problem of indicial motion of a cylinder in an incompressible fluid with symmetric vortex wake is also considered. Body vortex position and normal force per unit length are presented for a cylinder and a slender cone at high angle of attack and compared with available experimental information.
Note on a Thermoelastic Problem for a Transversely Isotropic Hollow Sphere Embedded in an Elastic Medium
Authors: Nowinski J.
Published: June 2021

This note concerns a hollow sphere composed of two different transversely isotropic layers and subjected to an internal pressure and a steady-state, spherically symmetrical temperature field. The sphere is surrounded by an elastic medium treated as a Winkler material or transversely isotropic medium, respectively.
A Fast Analytical Method for the Dynamic Energy Simulation of Energy Piles With Short Time Resolution
Authors: Grassi Walter , Conti Paolo , Schito Eva , Testi Daniele
Published: June 2021

This paper proposes an analytical method for the dynamic thermal simulation of energy piles with a short time resolution (e.g., tens of minutes) as an alternative to numerical approaches, which require relevant computational resources. The discussion is tailored to the implementation of analytical models in dynamic energy simulation software for buildings and HVAC systems. The main modeling challenges consist of accounting for the pile thermal capacity, configuration of pipes, and time-varying inlet temperature and flow rate values. The heat transfer process occurs in three characteristic periods, each of them characterized by a 2D or 3D geometry. The first period concerns the evolution of the fluid temperature and heat transfer over the length of the pipes, the second period concerns the thermal diffusion within the heat capacity of the foundation, and the third period is driven by pile geometry and ground source characteristics. For short time resolution analyses, we proposed a general linear set of equations based on the ε-NTU theory for heat exchangers, the infinite composite-medium line source solution, and the finite line source for the ground source. The proposed method is compared with a full transient 3D numerical simulation. The maximum deviation in terms of return temperature to the heat pump is 0.2 K. The general dimensionless form, the short time resolution, and the limited computational time makes the method suitable for building simulation software and optimization codes for thermal analysis and energy pile design.
Simulation of a Simplified Aeroengine Bearing Chamber Using a Fully Coupled Two-Way Eulerian Thin Film/Discrete Phase Approach Part I: Film Behavior Near the Bearing
Authors: Nicoli Andrew , Johnson Kathy , Jefferson-Loveday Richard
Published: June 2021

Previous work at the Gas Turbine and Transmissions Research Center (G2TRC) has highlighted the need for an adequate computational model, which can appropriately model the oil shedding behavior from bearings. Oil can break up forming droplets and ligaments, subsequently forming thin and thick films driven by both gravity and shear. Our previously published work using openfoam successfully coupled the Eulerian thin film model (ETFM) with the discrete phase model (DPM) (Nicoli et al., 2019, “A New OpenFOAM Solver Capable of Modelling Oil Jet-Breakup and Subsequent Film Formation for Bearing Chamber Applications,” ASME Paper No. GT2019-90264.). In this paper, the previously developed ETFM-DPM capability is, for the first time, extended to an aeroengine representative bearing chamber configuration. The configuration matches that of a simplified aeroengine bearing chamber that has been investigated by researchers at the Gas Turbine and Transmissions Research Center (G2TRC). Numerical investigations are conducted for three different shaft speeds, namely, 5000, 7000, and 12,000 rpm, at two different oil flow rates: 7.3 liters/minute and 5.2 liters/minute. CFD results are validated against existing experimental data for the two lower shaft speeds. Evaluation of computed mean film thickness shows excellent agreement with the experimental data. Results show that there is a diminishing reduction of film thickness with an increasing shaft speed. The computational study allows investigation of oil residence time in the annulus near the bearing. Residence time is seen to reduce with increasing shaft speed and with increasing oil flow rate. This CFD investigation represents the first successful fully coupled two-way ETFM-DPM investigation into the droplet generation process within a bearing chamber application, establishing a firm foundation for future aeroengine bearing chamber modeling.
Multispectral and multiangle measurements of acoustic seabed backscatter acquired with a tilted calibrated echosounder
Authors: Fezzani Ridha , Berger Laurent , le Bouffant Naig , Fonseca Luciano , Lurton Xavier
Published: June 2021

A multispectral and multiangle analysis of seabed backscatter intensity has been conducted using data from a calibrated single-beam echosounder (SBES) with five frequency channels deployed over four homogeneous areas with different sediment types in the Bay of Brest (France). The SBES transducers were tilted at incidence angles from 0° to 70° to record the seafloor backscatter angular response at discrete frequencies ranging from 35 to 450 kHz. The recorded backscatter levels were analyzed for their angular dependence (average backscatter strength versus frequency and angle) as well as for their sample statistical distribution. The angle and frequency dependence of the seafloor backscatter obtained using a calibrated SBES can potentially be used to calibrate multibeam systems, and it can also help in elucidating the physical processes of backscatter controlled by the interaction between the acoustic wave characteristics and the sediment properties. Backscatter measurements for each area showed a consistent frequency dependence with little variation between the four sediment types.
Robots, science fiction, and nuclear accidents
Authors: Murphy Robin R.
Published: June 2021

Science fiction missed the large role that robots are playing at Fukushima Daiichi.
A biliary immune landscape map of primary sclerosing cholangitis reveals a dominant network of neutrophils and tissue-resident T cells
Authors: Zimmer Christine L. , von Seth Erik , Buggert Marcus , Strauss Otto , Hertwig Laura , Nguyen Son , Wong Alicia Y. W. , Zotter Chiara , Berglin Lena , Michaëlsson Jakob , Hansson Marcus Reuterwall , Arnelo Urban , Sparrelid Ernesto , Ellis Ewa C. S. , Söderholm Johan D. , Keita Åsa V. , Holm Kristian , Özenci Volkan , Hov Johannes R. , Mold Jeff E. , Cornillet Martin , Ponzetta Andrea , Bergquist Annika , Björkström Niklas K.
Published: June 2021

Bile ducts from patients with PSC are enriched in neutrophils and biliary-resident CD8
+
T cells and differ in composition from liver tissue.
Limitation of Microbial Processes at Saturation-Level Salinities in a Microbial Mat Covering a Coastal Salt Flat
Authors: Meier Dimitri V. , Greve Andreas J. , Chennu Arjun , van Erk Marit R. , Muthukrishnan Thirumahal , Abed Raeid M. M. , Woebken Dagmar , de Beer Dirk
Published: June 2021

Due to their abilities to survive intense radiation and low water availability, hypersaline microbial mats are often suggested to be analogs of potential extraterrestrial life. However, even on Earth, the limitations imposed on microbial processes by saturation-level salinity have rarely been studied
in situ
.
Long-Term Biocide Efficacy and Its Effect on a Souring Microbial Community
Authors: Shi Xiang , Oliveira Daiane A. F. , Holsten Lea , Steinhauer Katrin , de Rezende Julia R.
Published: June 2021

Reservoir souring is a problem for the oil and gas industry, because H2S corrodes the steel infrastructure, downgrades oil quality, and poses substantial risks to field personnel and the environment. Biocides have been widely applied to remedy souring, but the long-term performance of biocide treatments is hard to predict or to optimize due to limited understanding of the microbial ecology affected by biocide treatment.
Genomic Analysis of Family UBA6911 (Group 18
Acidobacteria
) Expands the Metabolic Capacities of the Phylum and Highlights Adaptations to Terrestrial Habitats
Authors: Yadav Archana , Borrelli Jenna C. , Elshahed Mostafa S. , Youssef Noha H.
Published: June 2021

Members of the
Acidobacteria
are important players in global biogeochemical cycles, especially in soils. A wide range of acidobacterial lineages remain currently unexplored.
Utility of Blood as the Clinical Specimen for the Molecular Diagnosis of Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis
Authors: Dixit Keerti Kaumudee , Ramesh V. , Upadhyay Shreya , Singh Abhishek Kumar , Singh Om Prakash , Sundar Shyam , Singh Ruchi , Salotra Poonam
Published: June 2021

The countries in the Indian subcontinent have reported a dramatic decline in visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases. However, the presence of the parasite reservoir in the form of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL), a dermal sequel of VL, is a hurdle in attaining VL elimination.
Performance of Fully Automated Antimicrobial Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Testing Using Copan WASP Colibri Coupled to the Radian In-Line Carousel and Expert System
Authors: Cherkaoui Abdessalam , Renzi Gesuele , Vuilleumier Nicolas , Schrenzel Jacques
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the present study was to assess the agreement at the categorical level between the Vitek 2 system and the Colibri coupled to the Radian under real routine laboratory conditions. The 675 nonduplicate clinical strains included in this study (249
Enterobacterales
isolates, 198
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, 107
Staphylococcus aureus
, 78 coagulase-negative staphylococci, 38
Enterococcus faecalis
, and 5
Enterococcus faecium
) were isolated from nonconsecutive clinical samples referred to our laboratory between June and November 2020.
Replication-Dependent Biogenesis of Turnip Crinkle Virus Long Noncoding RNAs
Authors: Zhang Shaoyan , Sun Rong , Perdoncini Carvalho Camila , Han Junping , Zheng Limin , Qu Feng
Published: June 2021

Many positive-strand (+) RNA viruses produce long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) during the process of cellular infections and mobilize these lncRNAs to counteract antiviral defenses, as well as coordinate the translation of viral proteins. Most viral lncRNAs arise from 5′-to-3′ degradation of longer viral RNAs being stalled at stable secondary structures.
Limited Evidence for a Relationship between HIV-1 Glycan Shield Features in Early Infection and the Development of Neutralization Breadth
Authors: Li Yifan , Bai Hongjun , Sanders-Buell Eric , Dussupt Vincent , Townsley Samantha , Donofrio Gina , Bose Meera , O’Sullivan Anne Marie , Kibuuka Hannah , Maganga Lucas , Nitayaphan Sorachai , Kosgei Josphat , Pitisuttithum Punnee , Rerks-Ngarm Supachai , Eller Leigh Anne , Michael Nelson L. , Robb Merlin L. , Ake Julie , Vasan Sandhya , Tovanabutra Sodsai , Krebs Shelly J. , Rolland Morgane
Published: June 2021

A major goal of HIV-1 vaccine research is to design vaccine candidates that elicit potent broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). Different viral features have been associated with the development of bNAbs, including the glycan shield on the surface of the HIV-1 Envelope (Env).
Association of Diverse Staphylococcus aureus Populations with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Coinfection and Inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis Airway Infection
Authors: Wieneke Marie K. , Dach Felix , Neumann Claudia , Görlich Dennis , Kaese Lena , Thißen Theo , Dübbers Angelika , Kessler Christina , Große-Onnebrink Jörg , Küster Peter , Schültingkemper Holger , Schwartbeck Bianca , Roth Johannes , Nofer Jerzy-Roch , Treffon Janina , Posdorfer Julia , Boecken Josefine Marie , Strake Mariele , Abdo Miriam , Westhues Sophia , Kahl Barbara C.
Published: June 2021

Staphylococcus aureus
can persist for extended periods in the airways of people with cystic fibrosis (CF) in spite of antibiotic therapy and high numbers of neutrophils, which fail to eradicate this pathogen. Therefore,
S. aureus
needs to adapt to this hostile niche.
CyTOF Profiling of Zika and Dengue Virus-Infected Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Identifies Phenotypic Signatures of Monotype Subsets and Upregulation of the Interferon-Inducible Protein CD169
Authors: Fenutria Rafael , Maringer Kevin , Potla Uma , Bernal-Rubio Dabeiba , Evans Matthew J. , Harris Eva , Rahman Adeeb H. , Fernandez-Sesma Ana , Ramos Irene
Published: June 2021

Zika and dengue viruses are emergent arboviruses of great public health impact. Both viruses are responsible for important diseases, yet there is currently no vaccine or specific treatment available.
Field-Realistic Tylosin Exposure Impacts Honey Bee Microbiota and Pathogen Susceptibility, Which Is Ameliorated by Native Gut Probiotics
Authors: Powell J. Elijah , Carver Zac , Leonard Sean P. , Moran Nancy A.
Published: June 2021

The antibiotic tylosin tartrate is used to treat honey bee hives to control
Paenibacillus larvae
, the bacterium that causes American foulbrood. We found that bees from tylosin-treated hives had gut microbiomes with depleted overall diversity as well as reduced absolute abundances and strain diversity of the beneficial bee gut bacteria
Snodgrassella alvi
and
Bifidobacterium
spp.
Supplemental Material: High-resolution late Paleozoic cyclostratigraphy and tectonic evolution of the Keeler Basin, California, southwest Laurentia
Authors: Gannon Patrick J. , Smith Michael , al. et
Published: June 2021

Figure S1: Full resolution stratigraphic sections; Table S1: Raw gamma and facies rank data.
Supplemental Material: Rapid transition from oceanic subduction to postcollisional extension revealed by Carboniferous magmatism in East Junggar (NW China), southwestern Central Asian orogenic belt
Authors: Wang Jian , Su Yuping , al. et
Published: June 2021

Analytical methods, Figures S1–S2, and Tables S1–S10.
Late neurosyphilis and VZV meningoencephalitis coinfection
Authors: Carr Kristin , Ogbuagu Onyema
Published: June 2021

The incidence of syphilis has increasing recently, largely attributable to improved screening that may result in the diagnosis of chronic untreated infections. These patients can develop severe or subtle neurologic symptoms that can be missed and, therefore, detected accidentally while a patient is evaluated for other mimicking neurological infections. A 58-year-old man with diabetes presented with 2 days of aphasia, headache, chills and confusion. He had an MRI brain with evidence of a prior cerebrovascular accident. Subsequently, he developed a fever and thoracic dermatomal rash consistent with herpes zoster. A lumbar puncture was performed, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed a lymphocytic pleocytosis, a reactive Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test and positive varicella-zoster virus (VZV) PCR. He was suspected to have both late neurosyphilis and acute meningoencephalitis from VZV. This paper will discuss how to approach the diagnosis of late neurosyphilis and possible associations with herpesvirus central nervous system infections.
Recurrent clonazepam withdrawal delirium in a postoperative neurosurgical patient: a case report
Authors: Lutz Eric William , Hines Christopher
Published: June 2021

We present a case of benzodiazepine withdrawal delirium in a middle-aged man undergoing spinal surgery. Benzodiazepines were stopped prior to surgery and on postoperative day 4, the patient exhibited significant paranoia, hyperarousal and ideas of reference. Patient’s symptoms resolved after reintroduction of his benzodiazepines. It is important to include benzodiazepine withdrawal in the differential diagnosis for acute delirium even in those patients taking low or moderate doses. Benzodiazepine withdrawal delirium typically responds rapidly to restarting benzodiazepines. In patients with known discontinuation issues, early consultation with consult-liaison psychiatry and preoperative planning for early medication re-initiation is paramount.
Distinct recurrence pattern in a case of bilateral tubercular posterior uveitis: reporting a unique clinical morphology and management challenge
Authors: Soni Deepak , Karkhur Samendra , Sharma Bhavana
Published: June 2021

Intraocular tuberculosis has protean clinical manifestations and remains an important etiological differential for uveitis in an endemic region. A 27-year-old male presented with visual acuity of counting fingers close to face in right (OD) and 20/25 in left eye (OS). Examination revealed a choroidal granuloma in OS and healed serpiginous-like choroiditis in OD. Antitubercular therapy was started with systemic corticosteroids. Granuloma resolved completely; however, the patient presented with neuroretinitis and posterior scleritis, as first and second recurrence, respectively, within a oneyear period. These were managed with systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressive therapy was added, after second recurrence. The patient responded well and maintains remission. This case presented a clinical challenge with distinct recurrence patterns of tubercular posterior uveitis in the same eye, which has not been reported before. Successful management entailed use of antitubercular therapy, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressive therapy in a step-ladder approach, resulting in preservation of vision and achieving long-term remission.