bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Divorce, Economic Resources, and Survival among Older Black and White Women
Authors: Wolfe Joseph D. , Thomeer Mieke Beth
Published: July 2020

Objective

This study identifies which midlife economic resources reduce the association between divorce and mortality risk among older Black and White women.

Background

Despite evidence that divorce increases mortality risk due to economic losses, research has not established which among several common economic resources related to divorce are most important for older women's survival. There is also relatively little research on why marital inequalities in mortality are smaller among older Black women. Drawing from diverse areas of scholarship, we hypothesize that group differences in multiple economic resources explain this finding.

Method

Fractional logistic regression and Gompertz proportional hazards models were estimated with data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Mature Women (N = 4,668;
nlsinfo.org) to examine the associations between divorce, economic resources, and mortality among older Black and White women (born 1923–1937).

Results

Divorced White women had significantly less housing and financial wealth than their continuously married counterparts, and both Black and White divorcées had less vehicle wealth and higher probabilities of indebtedness. With respect to survival, net worth and housing wealth accounted for the largest reductions in marital and racial differences in survival.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that wealth—home wealth in particular—is key to understanding the greater longevity of married White women compared to Black women and divorced White women. Interventions aimed at reducing health disparities must first address the social practices creating economic inequalities.
Hypertension, retinopathy, and acute kidney injury in dogs: A prospective study
Authors: Cole Laura Pearl , Jepson Rosanne , Dawson Charlotte , Humm Karen
Published: July 2020

Background

Systemic hypertension (SH) is a potential complication of acute kidney injury (AKI) in dogs.

Objective

To describe the prevalence of SH and hypertensive retinopathy in dogs with AKI, to investigate the relationship between SH and severity of AKI and to assess possible factors associated with SH.

Animals

Fifty‐two dogs with AKI.

Methods

Prospective observational study of dogs presenting to a tertiary referral center that fulfilled the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) guidelines for the diagnosis of AKI. Systolic blood pressure measurement, urine protein/creatinine ratio (UPCR), urine output, presence of hypertensive retinopathy and fluid overload (FO), survival to discharge and duration of hospitalization were subsequently assessed. The prevalence of SH was calculated and the relationship between SH and recorded factors was examined by nonparametric statistics.

Results

The prevalence of SH (≥160 mm Hg) on admission or during hospitalization was 75% (39/52) and in 56% (22/39) of cases this was severe (≥180 mm Hg). Sixteen percent (7/43) of dogs had evidence of hypertensive retinopathy and 77% (24/31) dogs had UPCR >0.5. Forty‐two percent (22/52) dogs had FO on admission or during hospitalization. There was no association between SH and IRIS AKI grade, oligo/anuria, survival to discharge, duration of hospitalization or proteinuria. Dogs with FO on presentation were more likely to be hypertensive at admission compared to dogs without FO (P= .02). Dogs that did not survive to discharge were more likely to have FO (P= .007).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Systemic hypertension is common in dogs with AKI. Systemic hypertension might be associated with FO, which itself is associated with nonsurvival. Monitoring for SH and FO is therefore warranted in dogs with AKI.
Effects of relative humidity and elevated oxygen concentrations on egg‐hatching success of American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis
Authors: Reigh Robert C. , Williams Millie B.
Published: July 2020

Two experiments were conducted to determine effects of relative humidity (RH) and atmospheric oxygen concentration on hatching success of artificially incubated alligator eggs. In one study, 216 eggs were subjected to one of four treatments involving two levels of RH (80 or 93% RH) and two atmospheric oxygen concentrations (21 or 28% O2). Hatching success of eggs in the 80/21 and 80/28 treatments, combined, totaled only 1.8% (one hatchling produced in each treatment), while hatching success of eggs in the 93/21 and 93/28 treatments averaged 83.3% in both groups, with no significant difference (p > .05) between treatments. In a second study, 300 alligator eggs were incubated at 93% RH and one of three atmospheric oxygen concentrations (21, 25, or 28% O2). Hatching success averaged 66.3, 56.3, and 62.5% in the 21, 25, and 28% oxygen treatments, respectively, with no significant difference (p > .05) among treatments. Results of the two experiments indicated that 80% RH reduced egg‐hatching success to nearly zero, regardless of atmospheric oxygen concentration, while 93% RH produced good hatching success. Elevated atmospheric oxygen concentrations up to one‐third higher than ambient air had no effect on egg‐hatching success under the conditions of either study.
Factors associated with acute malnutrition among children 6‐59 months in rural Mozambique
Authors: Zaba Tomás , Buene Dino , Famba Elda , Joyeux Mathieu
Published: July 2020

Factors associated with acute malnutrition are complex and wide‐ranging particularly in developing countries. In Mozambique, contextual factors associated to children acute malnutrition are yet to be fully investigated and the evidences used to better inform prevention programme. The objective of this study is to identify key factors associated with acute malnutrition among 6‐ to 59‐month‐old children living in nine districts in rural Mozambique assessed in the 2018 seasonal nutrition assessment. We analysed Standardized Monitoring and Assessment for Relief and Transition (SMART) nutrition survey data of 1,116 children from three districts and rapid nutrition assessment (RNA) data of 3,884 children from six districts of Mozambique. We used a multiple logistic regression analysis to respond to the research question. Experiencing diarrhoea [odds ratio (OR) = 4.54; P = 0.001] was the only variable associated with acute malnutrition from the SMART survey dataset, whereas in the RNA, fever (OR = 3.0; P = 0.000) access to sanitation (OR = 0.118; P = 0.037), experiencing shock in the household (OR = 0.5; P = 0.020), diarrhoea (OR = 2.41; P = 0.001) and cough (OR = 1.75; P = 0.030) were the variables with significant association to acute malnutrition. We believe that the findings were influenced by the proportion of acute malnutrition in each survey type. Study findings confirm the association between acute malnutrition and child's health outcomes that are generally linked to poor living conditions and independent effects of shocks. This highlights the need for policy and programme to implement integrated, cross‐sectoral approaches to tackling child acute malnutrition, particularly addressing community level conditions such as water and sanitation.
Celebrating nationhood: Negotiating nationhood and history in Finland's centenary celebrations
Authors: Sakki Inari , Hakoköngäs Eemeli
Published: July 2020

National celebrations are one of the ways by which nations attempt to maintain connectedness with the past and strengthen national identities. Centenary celebrations, in particular, make identity questions visible and bring them to the centre of public debate and, thus, provide an opportunity to examine question such as ‘where do we come from’ and ‘where are we going’. In this research, we examine conceptions of nationhood and history in the year of the Finnish centenary 2017. As the Finnish centenary programme was simultaneously organised ‘from above’ as an elite‐driven and ‘from below’ as citizen‐driven collective endeavour, it provided unique material for exploring the construction, meanings and negotiations of social representations of nationhood and history. Our analysis brings forth the power struggle of meanings, the ways in which hegemonic narratives are challenged and contested and the ways in which affects and emotions are entangled with the meaning‐making in commemoration and nation‐building practices, for example, by employing narrative empathy in commemorations. Different projects of the centenary programme make different subject positions available for the participants, such as a position of hardworking Finn or brave Finn in hegemonic narratives and, respectively, a position of emancipated women or fragile and traumatised soldiers in alternative narratives.
Quality of measures on respectful and disrespectful maternity care: A systematic review
Authors: Dhakal Prativa , Gamble Jenny , Creedy Debra K. , Newnham Elizabeth
Published: July 2020

This systematic review aimed to critique the process of development and psychometric properties of tools measuring respectful or disrespectful maternity care experienced by women during labor and birth in low‐ and middle‐income countries. The MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Library electronic databases were systematically searched from their inception to February 2020. Methodological quality was assessed using the COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments checklist. Six tools measuring respectful maternity care during the intrapartum period were identified. Measurement error, cross‐cultural validity, and responsiveness were not evaluated by any tool developers, while structural validity, internal consistency, and hypothesis testing were the most frequently assessed measurement properties. Interestingly, this review could not identify any measures of disrespectful care even though most included measures focused on disrespect and abuse. No measure was of sufficient quality to determine women's experiences of disrespectful and respectful maternity care in low‐ and middle‐income countries. New valid and reliable measures using rigorous approaches to tool development are required.
Quality of work among part‐time nurses and its relationship to job satisfaction and work values: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Komagata Marie , Takemura Yukie , Ichikawa Naoko , Takehara Kimie , Kunie Keiko
Published: July 2020

This study compared the quality of work between part‐time and full‐time nurses and investigated the relationship between quality of work and satisfaction with the work itself among part‐time nurses. Quality of work was measured by specific work content and job characteristics. It was hypothesized that work content would affect satisfaction mediated by job characteristics. Furthermore, the moderating effects of intrinsic work values on the relationship between job characteristics and satisfaction were examined. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted with 444 part‐time and 795 full‐time nurses working in Japanese hospital wards in 2017. The Mann–Whitney U test, χ2 test, and hierarchical multiple regressions were used. Work content differed between part‐time and full‐time nurses; however, job characteristics and satisfaction showed little difference. Work content was not associated with satisfaction mediated by job characteristics. Within the job characteristics, autonomy and feedback had positive effects on the satisfaction of part‐time nurses, whereas interaction with work values was insignificant. When assigning work, it is important to allow part‐time nurses to experience higher levels of autonomy and feedback regardless of their intrinsic work values.
Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder symptoms are frequent in patients presenting for symptoms of gastroparesis
Authors: Burton Murray Helen , Jehangir Asad , Silvernale Casey J. , Kuo Braden , Parkman Henry P.
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Patients with symptoms of gastroparesis/dyspepsia often avoid foods or restrict eating for symptom management. There is growing interest in understanding risk for feeding/eating disorders (FEDs) like avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). Among patients presenting with gastroparesis/dyspepsia symptoms, we aimed to determine: (a) FED symptom frequency, and (b) relation of FED symptoms to gastrointestinal symptom severity and gastric retention abnormalities.

Methods

Adult patients (N = 288; 78% female) referred for gastroparesis/dyspepsia symptoms at two academic medical centers from January 2018—February 2019 completed self‐report surveys for gastrointestinal symptom severity and FED symptoms. Gastric retention data were available for 210 patients, using 4‐hour EggBeater gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES).

Results

Clinically significant FED symptoms were present in 158 patients (54.9%). Interestingly, 115 patients (39.9%) met conservative self‐report cutoff for ARFID symptoms, with 67 (23.3%) patients having documented psychosocial/medical impairment. Of those with survey data for other FEDs (n = 239), only 28 patients (11.7%) had restrictive eating disorders (anorexia nervosa; unspecified FED). Likelihood of having FED symptoms was significantly associated with greater gastroparesis symptom severity (OR = 2.23,P< .001), but not GES. In addition, gastroparesis symptom severity was moderately and significantly associated with greater ARFID symptom severity (b= 0.45,P< .001), but neither GES nor other FED symptoms.

Discussion

In patients presenting with gastroparesis/dyspepsia symptoms, FED symptoms were frequent (55%), particularly ARFID, and were associated with greater gastrointestinal symptom severity, but not gastric retention. Gastroparesis/dyspepsia symptoms may mimic FEDs, particularly ARFID. Clinicians should be cautious about diagnosing ARFID in gastroparesis/dyspepsia patients, and screening for ARFID could assist behavioral treatment referral.
Wound closure and alveoplasty after preventive tooth extractions in patients with antiresorptive intake—A randomized pilot trial
Authors: Ristow Oliver , Rückschloß Thomas , Moratin Julius , Müller Michael , Kühle Reinald , Dominik Horn , Pilz Maximilian , Shavlokhova Veronika , Otto Sven , Hoffmann Jürgen , Freudlsperger Christian
Published: July 2020

Objectives

To compare success rates between the sub‐periosteal prepared (SPP) muco‐periosteal flap and the epi‐periosteal prepared (EPP) mucosa flap and the feasibility of alveoplasty after surgical tooth extractions in patients undergoing/after antiresorptive treatment.

Subjects

Patients with an indication for preventive tooth extraction undergoing/after antiresorptive treatment were enrolled over a 24‐month period in a parallel‐group randomized clinical pilot trial and randomly assigned for primary wound closure to either the SPP or the EPP group. The primary outcome was treatment failure 8 weeks after surgery. To assess the feasibility of alveoplasty, necrotic bone changes at the time point of tooth extraction were evaluated.

Results

One hundred and sixty patients were randomized to the SSP (n = 82) or the EPP (n = 78) group. One hundred and fifty‐seven patients met the primary endpoint 8 weeks after surgery with five treatment failures for the SPP group (6.3%) and 18 (23.4%) for the EPP group (p = .004). A significant relationship (p < .0001) was observed between symptomatic teeth and non‐vital bone found in 54.8% of all biopsies.

Conclusions

The strong superiority of the muco‐periosteal flap as primary wound closure revealed the feasibility and effectiveness of the study. The large number of necrotic biopsies emphasizes the importance of alveoplasty as a preventive measure.
Age effect of antipsychotic medications on the risk of sudden cardiac death in patients with schizophrenia: A nationwide case–crossover study
Authors: Chen Pao‐Huan , Tsai Shang‐Ying , Pan Chun‐Hung , Chang Chi‐Kang , Su Sheng‐Shiang , Chen Chiao‐Chicy , Kuo Chian‐Jue
Published: July 2020

Aim

Research regarding the effects of age in patients with schizophrenia taking antipsychotics on the risk of sudden cardiac death is lacking. We determined the effect of patient age on the association between exposure to antipsychotics and the risk of sudden cardiac death in a nationwide schizophrenia cohort.

Methods

From the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database and Department of Health Death Certification System, data of 1836 patients with schizophrenia who had experienced sudden cardiac death between 2000 and 2016 were included. A case–crossover design by using a 14‐day window was applied, and subgroup analyses were performed by stratifying patients into three age subgroups (<45, 45–65, and >65 years) to assess the effect of age on the risk of sudden cardiac death in patients taking antipsychotics.

Results

No association between exposure to antipsychotic agents and sudden cardiac death risk was found in patients aged >65 years who were characterized by a high burden of medical illnesses. However, zotepine significantly increased the risk of sudden cardiac death in patients aged <45 years (adjusted relative risk [RR] = 2.68, P = 0.046). Flupentixol (adjusted RR = 5.30, P = 0.004) and risperidone (adjusted RR = 1.68, P = 0.01) significantly elevated the risk of sudden cardiac death in patients aged 45–65 years.

Conclusion

This study suggests that individual antipsychotics pose different risks of sudden cardiac death in patients with schizophrenia across their lifespan. Clinicians should consider patient age when evaluating the risks and benefits of antipsychotic treatment.
Enteral iron absorption in patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Augsburger Bret D. , Lucky Anne W. , Marathe Kalyani , Tarango Cristina
Published: July 2020

Background/Objectives

To determine whether iron was being enterally absorbed in anemic patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB).

Methods

Anemic patients with RDEB who were refractory or had poor adherence to oral or gastrostomy‐given iron underwent enteral iron absorption challenges. Subjects were given 2 mg/kg of elemental iron. Successful iron absorption was defined as a two‐ to threefold increase of serum iron or a rise to above 100 µg/dL.

Results

Nine of 12 iron challenges did not show increased iron absorption. Only three of the ten subjects demonstrated elevated iron absorption. All patients had elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C‐reactive protein (CRP), low serum albumin, and hemoglobin levels. Eight challenges were in patients with elevated soluble transferrin receptor (STFR)/log ferritin levels, indicating iron deficiency. The three challenges with elevated iron absorption also had elevated STFR/log ferritin as well as elevated ESR and CRP, but these inflammatory markers were, in general, less elevated than those in non‐absorbers.

Conclusions

Enteral iron is routinely prescribed for anemic patients with RDEB assuming a component of iron deficiency. Adherence to enteral iron tends to be unreliable due to unpalatable taste and gastrointestinal complaints. Enteral iron absorption tests are relatively noninvasive and appear to be well tolerated. Poor gastrointestinal iron absorption may be an important factor in failure to improve anemia in RDEB enterally. It may be prudent to test patients with RDEB who are anemic and not responding well to conventional iron supplements with iron absorption tests and to consider replacement with intravenous iron in iron‐deficient patients.
Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma with overlapping features of rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma and a delayed complication of necrotizing fasciitis
Authors: Belmesk Lina , Dubois Josée , Caouette‐Laberge Louise , David Michèle , Bortoluzzi Patricia , Kokta Victor , Hatami Afshin , McCuaig Catherine C.
Published: July 2020

We report the case of a male infant born at term with kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) of the right forearm and coagulopathy. Our case was unusual as it involuted leaving subcutaneous atrophy and prominent veins, which are more commonly observed in rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma. At 3 years of age, the child developed recurrent superficial thrombophlebitis localized to the area where the KHE had regressed. Subsequently, he developed necrotizing fasciitis and thrombotic veins in the same location and group A streptococcal septic shock.
Exserohilum rostratum, a rare cause of opportunistic skin infection in children: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Gracia‐Darder Inés , Garcías‐Ladaria Joan , Salinas Sanz José Antonio , Saus Sarrias Carles , Martín‐Santiago Ana
Published: July 2020

Exserohilum species are environmental molds that may rarely cause skin and nasal infections, especially in immunocompromised children. We present a 3‐year‐old girl with acute leukemia who presented with a skin infection caused by Exserohilum rostratum. Previously published cases of skin infections by Exserohilum spp. in children are reviewed.
What is the long‐term outlook for young people following liver transplant? A single‐centre retrospective analysis of physical and psychosocial outcomes
Authors: Ruth Nicola , Sharif Khalid , Legarda Maria , Smith Monica , Lewis Philipa , Lloyd Carla , Mirza Darius , Kelly Deirdre
Published: July 2020

LT is a successful treatment for end‐stage liver disease. The long‐term outcome of patients transplanted in childhood has not previously been widely reported. This project assessed the long‐term impact of transplantation in patients surviving >15 years. Retrospective data on growth, end‐organ damage and psychosocial development were collected in young people transplanted from 1985 to 2000 in a single centre. Clinical notes were reviewed, and patients interviewed at clinic follow‐up. 224 patients were transplanted between 1985 and 2000. 143 recipients (63.8%) survived >15 years with a median survival of 19.52 years. The majority were well, and only 10% had abnormal graft function (biochemical/synthetic), the main cause of which was chronic hepatitis (6%). Renal dysfunction and the necessity for renal transplant were identified in 32.8%, of whom 16.7% of patients had a cGFR <70 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 6% of patients had either undergone or awaiting renal transplant. This cohort was healthier than the average age‐matched UK population in terms of body mass index (9% obese), smoking and alcohol consumption. 92% of patients had completed or were in education (93/123 had completed education and 20/123 remained in school). 63.7% of patients had been transitioned into adult services, and 46.3% of these patients were employed. 67.5% were in a relationship, one patient was divorced, and 10.6% of patients had one or more children. 11 patients had symptoms that corresponded to a DSM IV diagnosis of depression. Four patients had anorexia nervosa. Developmental delay was identified in 9 out of 99 patients. The development of malignancy, including PTLD, occurred in 10/143 (7%) patients at a median time post‐transplant of 2.76 years (range 0.76‐9.06 years). Epstein‐Barr infection was implicated in 75% of these malignancies. We conclude the long‐term outcome of LT in childhood is good with 63.8% surviving into adulthood and over 60% transferring into adult services. Graft dysfunction and end organ damage are minimal. Our cohort is healthier than the general population, and the majority have completed education, sought employment and formed relationships with peers, contributing well to society.
Toward a better understanding: An exploration of provider perceptions in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant adherence
Authors: Skeens Micah A. , Gerhardt Cynthia A. , Bajwa Rajinder , Akard Terrah Foster
Published: July 2020

Pediatric HSCT patients endure complicated treatment regimens, lifestyle modifications, and a lifetime of long‐term follow‐up. Treatment adherence in this population is understudied and prevalence unknown. Providers (physicians and advanced practice nurses) in this study completed an online‐structured questionnaire about definition, assessment, and perceived rates of adherence. Researchers' extracted 187 statements from participants' responses. The majority (n = 12, 71%) of providers reported adherence as a primary concern in outpatient HSCT. The major concern for providers was the potential of non‐adherence to negatively affect outcomes. Providers also shared clinical examples of non‐adherence. This study contributes to a better understanding of providers' perceptions of adherence within pediatric HSCT. Additional research is needed to describe, define, and improve adherence in pediatric HSCT to ultimately improve outcomes and quality of life for this vulnerable population.
Uncommon presentation of a recurrent diaphragmatic hernia after pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Cherukuru Ramkiran , Menon Jagadeesh , Patel Kinisha , Thambidurai Ravikumar , Subbiah Komalavalli , Shanmugam Naresh P , Reddy Mettu Srinivas , Rela Mohamed
Published: July 2020

DH is a rare but well‐recognized complication of PLT. However, a recurrent DH in the setting of PLT has not been reported. We report the case of a child who had previously undergone a DH repair early after PLT and presented more than two years later with atypical findings of severe sepsis and a tender abdominal swelling.
Geology and inclusion studies on the genesis of the Baolun gold deposit in Hainan Province, South China
Authors: Yu Liangliang , Xu Deru , Chen Weixin , Zhang Bo , Tian Lihui , Shan Qiang
Published: July 2020

The late Triassic Baolun gold deposit hosted by Silurian phyllites is a large‐scale high‐grade gold deposit in Hainan Island, South China. The ores can be classified into quartz‐vein dominated type and less altered rock type. Three mineralization stages were recognized by mineral assemblages. The early stage, as the most important mineralization stage, is characterized by a quartz–native gold assemblage. The muscovite−quartz−pyrite−native gold assemblage is related to the intermedium mineralization stage. In late mineralization stage, native gold and Bi‐bearing minerals are paragenetic minerals. Microthermometry analyses show that the early mineralization stage is characterized by two types of fluid inclusions, including CO2‐rich inclusions (C‐type) and aqueous inclusions (W‐type). C‐type inclusions homogenize at 276–335°C with an averaged value of 306°C and have salinities of 1.0–10.0 wt% NaCl equivalent (mean value of 4.9 wt% NaCl equivalent). W‐type inclusions homogenize at 252–301°C (mean value of 278°C) with salinity of 4.0–9.7 wt% NaCl equivalent (mean value of 7.4 wt% NaCl equivalent). In intermedium mineralization stage, C‐type and W‐type inclusions homogenize at 228–320°C (mean value of 283°C) and 178–296°C (mean value of 241°C), with salinities of 2.4–9.9 wt% NaCl equivalent (mean value of 6.5 wt% NaCl equivalent) and 3.7–11.7 wt% NaCl equivalent (mean value of 7.7 wt% NaCl equivalent), respectively. No suitable mineral, such as quartz or calcite, was found for fluid inclusion study from late mineralization stage. In contrast, only aqueous inclusions were found from post‐ore barren veins, which yielded lower homogenization temperatures ranging from 168–241°C (mean value of 195°C) and similar salinities (2.6–12.6 wt% NaCl equivalent with averaged value of 7.2 wt% NaCl equivalent). The different homogenization temperatures and similar salinities of C‐type and W‐type from each mineralization stage indicate that fluid immiscibility and boiling occurred. The Baolun gold deposit was precipitated from a CO2‐bearing mesothermal fluid, and formed at a syn‐collision environment following the closure of the Paleo‐Tethys.
Does economic globalisation affect income inequality? A meta‐analysis
Authors: Heimberger Philipp
Published: July 2020

A large volume of econometric literature has studied the impact of economic globalisation on income inequality around the world. However, reported econometric estimates vary substantially, which makes it difficult to draw valid conclusions. This paper presents a quantitative summary and analysis of existing estimates regarding the globalisation–inequality relationship. We use a new data set consisting of 1,254 observations from 123 primary studies. By applying meta‐analysis and meta‐regression methods, we obtain several main findings. First, globalisation has a (small‐to‐moderate) inequality‐increasing effect. Second, while the effect of trade globalisation is small, financial globalisation shows a more sizeable and significantly stronger inequality‐increasing impact. Third, we find an average inequality‐increasing impact of globalisation in both advanced and developing countries. Fourth, education and technology moderate the impact of globalisation on income inequality.
The economic and social costs of globalisation: A target zone analysis
Authors: Della Posta Pompeo
Published: July 2020

This paper adopts a target zone approach to analyse and interpret the current phase of slowdown, if not retreat, of economic globalisation. A ‘honeymoon’ emerges when a credible limit is imposed on its economic and social costs. Conversely, if the upper cost threshold is not set credibly, a ‘divorce’ from economic globalisation emerges earlier than if no target is taken into account. Such a second case represents the recent events.
Systematic review of the treatment options for pericardial effusions in dogs
Authors: Scheuermann Logan M. , Gordon‐Evans Wanda J. , Nault André J.
Published: July 2020

Objective

To evaluate the evidence for the conservative and surgical management of pericardial effusions for neoplastic and idiopathic etiologies in dogs.

Study design

Systematic review.

Sample population

Peer‐reviewed English‐language articles describing the treatment and outcome of naturally occurring pericardial effusion in domestic dogs.

Methods

A literature search was performed with PubMed, Cab Abstracts, Scopus, and Agricola in August 2019 for articles describing pericardial effusion treatment in dogs. Inclusion criteria were applied, and articles were evaluated for reported outcome and level of evidence by using The Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence, a previously described hierarchical system, and GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation).

Results

One hundred eight of the 641 unique articles that were identified and evaluated met inclusion criteria. Most articles included were case studies (68.2%) or retrospective case series (25.2%), with all articles providing a low level of evidence. The articles had inconsistent inclusion criteria, outcome measures, and follow‐up, making comparison of outcomes difficult.

Conclusion

Because of the low quality of evidence of the studies included in this systematic review and the variability of the outcomes, there is not sufficient evidence to recommend one treatment option rather than another.

Clinical significance

There is a requirement for higher quality evidence such as randomized controlled trials and prospective comparative cohort studies. Standardization of outcome measures reported for each treatment option and disease process studied will allow for better comparison of outcomes between studies.
Clinical use of computer‐assisted orthopedic surgery in horses
Authors: de Preux Mathieu , Klopfenstein Bregger Micaël D. , Brünisholz Hervé P. , Van der Vekens Elke , Schweizer‐Gorgas Daniela , Koch Christoph
Published: July 2020

Objective

To describe clinical applications of computer‐assisted orthopedic surgery (CAOS) in horses with a navigation system coupled with a cone beam computed tomography unit.

Study design

Retrospective clinical case series.

Animals

Thirteen adult horses surgically treated with CAOS.

Methods

Medical records were searched for horses that underwent CAOS between 2016 and 2019. Data retrieved included signalment, diagnosis, lameness grade prior to surgery, surgical technique and complications, anesthesia and surgery time, and information pertaining to the perioperative case management and outcome.

Results

In 10 cases, surgical implants were placed in the proximal phalanx, third metatarsal bone, ulna, or medial femoral condyle. In one case, navigated transarticular drilling was performed to promote ankylosis of the distal tarsal joints. In another case, an articular fragment of the middle phalanx was removed with the help of CAOS guidance. In the final case, a focal osteolytic lesion of the calcaneal tuber was curetted with the aid of CAOS. In seven cases, a purpose‐built frame was used for the surgical procedure. All surgeries were performed successfully and according to the preoperative plan.

Conclusion

Computer‐assisted orthopedic surgery can be an integral part of the clinical case management in equine surgery. To optimize workflow and time‐efficiency, the authors recommend designating one team for operative planning and another for the execution of the surgical plan. Specialized equipment, such as the purpose‐built frame, will further improve CAOS applications in equine surgery.

Clinical significance

After they have become familiar with the operational principles, equine surgeons can readily apply CAOS for a broad spectrum of indications.
Temperature-Rate-Dependent Thermoelasticity Theory With Memory-Dependent Derivative: Energy, Uniqueness Theorems, and Variational Principle
Authors: Singh Biswajit , Sarkar Indranil , Pal (Sarkar) Smita
Published: July 2020

This article is focused on developing a new mathematical model on the temperature-rate-dependent thermoelasticity theory (Green–Lindsay), using the methodology of memory-dependent derivative (MDD). First, the energy theorem of this model associated with two relaxation times in the context of MDD is derived for homogeneous, isotropic thermoelastic medium. Second, a uniqueness theorem for this model is proved using the Laplace transform technique. A variational principle for this model is also established. Finally, the results for Green–Lindsay model without MDD and coupled theory are obtained from the considered model.
β-Catenin safeguards the ground state of mousepluripotency by strengthening the robustness of the transcriptional apparatus
Authors: Zhang Meng , Lai Yiwei , Krupalnik Vladislav , Guo Pengcheng , Guo Xiangpeng , Zhou Jianguo , Xu Yan , Yu Zhijun , Liu Longqi , Jiang Ao , Li Wenjuan , Abdul Mazid Md. , Ma Gang , Li Na , Fu Xiuling , Lv Yuan , Jiang Mengling , Tariq Muqddas , Kanwal Shahzina , Liu Hao , Xu Xueting , Zhang Hui , Huang Yinghua , Wang Lulu , Chen Shuhan , Babarinde Isaac A. , Luo Zhiwei , Wang Dongye , Zhou Tiantian , Ward Carl , He Minghui , Ibañez David P. , Li Yunpan , Zhou Jiajian , Yuan Jie , Feng Yayan , Arumugam Karthik , Di Vicino Umberto , Bao Xichen , Wu Guangming , Schambach Axel , Wang Huating , Sun Hao , Gao Fei , Qin Baoming , Hutchins Andrew P. , Doble Bradley W. , Hartmann Christine , Cosma Maria Pia , Qin Yan , Xu Guo-Liang , Chen Runsheng , Volpe Giacomo , Chen Liang , Hanna Jacob H. , Esteban Miguel A.
Published: July 2020

β-Catenin recruits BRD4 and other coregulators to protect pluripotency gene transcription against network perturbation.
NS5 Sumoylation Directs Nuclear Responses That Permit Zika Virus To Persistently Infect Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Conde Jonas N. , Schutt William R. , Mladinich Megan , Sohn Sook-Young , Hearing Patrick , Mackow Erich R.
Published: July 2020

ZIKV is a unique neurovirulent flavivirus that persistently infects human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs), the primary barrier that restricts viral access to neuronal compartments. Here, we demonstrate that flavivirus-specific SIM and SUMO sites determine the assembly of NS5 proteins into discrete nuclear bodies (NBs). We found that NS5 SIM sites are required for NS5 nuclear localization and that SUMO sites regulate NS5 NB complex constituents, assembly, and function. We reveal that ZIKV NS5 SUMO sites direct NS5 binding to STAT2, disrupt the formation of antiviral PML-STAT2 NBs, and direct PML degradation. ZIKV NS5 SUMO sites also transcriptionally regulate cell cycle and ISG responses that permit ZIKV to persistently infect hBMECs. Our findings demonstrate the function of SUMO sites in ZIKV NS5 NB formation and their importance in regulating nuclear responses that permit ZIKV to persistently infect hBMECs and thereby gain access to neurons.
Bilateral pleural effusions as the first sign of mesenteric panniculitis
Authors: Sá Juliana , Evangelista Céu , Jorge Clara F , Silva João
Published: July 2020

A 38-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a history of thoracic pain and anorexia for 1 week. Thoracic CT scan showed bilateral pleural effusion, a thoracentesis was performed revealing a transudate liquid with polymorphonuclears and predominance of eosinophils. After admission, the patient developed abdominal pain and the abdominal CT scan showed densification of the mesenteric fat characteristic of mesenteric panniculitis (MP). The patient went through investigation for secondary causes of panniculitis including infection, neoplasia and autoimmune diseases, and no abnormalities were found. The patient was treated with corticosteroids over a period of 3 months with complete resolution and without any signs of remission or secondary cause of MP. Moreover, the patient remained asymptomatic for 2 years after being discharged, which strengthens the diagnosis of MP that presented with eosinophilic pleural effusion.
Improved Overlap-based Undersampling for Imbalanced Dataset Classification with Application to Epilepsy and Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Vuttipittayamongkol Pattaramon , Elyan Eyad
Published: July 2020

Classification of imbalanced datasets has attracted substantial research interest over the past decades. Imbalanced datasets are common in several domains such as health, finance, security and others. A wide range of solutions to handle imbalanced datasets focus mainly on the class distribution problem and aim at providing more balanced datasets by means of resampling. However, existing literature shows that class overlap has a higher negative impact on the learning process than class distribution. In this paper, we propose overlap-based undersampling methods for maximizing the visibility of the minority class instances in the overlapping region. This is achieved by the use of soft clustering and the elimination threshold that is adaptable to the overlap degree to identify and eliminate negative instances in the overlapping region. For more accurate clustering and detection of overlapped negative instances, the presence of the minority class at the borderline areas is emphasized by means of oversampling. Extensive experiments using simulated and real-world datasets covering a wide range of imbalance and overlap scenarios including extreme cases were carried out. Results show significant improvement in sensitivity and competitive performance with well-established and state-of-the-art methods.
The study of heat transfer coefficient while flow unsaturated liquid through the tube at pressure below critical
Authors: Mammadova J. R. , Abdullayev A. P. , Rzayev R. M. , Mammadova S. H. , Sultanov R. A.
Published: July 2020

This work studies the temperature regime of the wall while up and down moving of the unsaturated liquid in the vertical tube at pressure below critical and influence of free convection on the heat transfer. The boundary of influence free convection on heat transfer is determined and summarized as a criterion equation.
Atomic structure evolution and its correlation with the kinetic fragility of liquid tantalum during cooling
Authors: Wen Dadong , Deng Yonghe , Su Yifan , Tian Zean
Published: July 2020

The evolution of atomic structures and its correlation with the kinetic fragility of liquid tantalum (Ta) during cooling were investigated through molecular dynamics simulations. Pair distribution function, angular distribution function, and largest standard cluster analysis were used to characterize the atomic configurations in the Ta metal system. Results revealed that canonical Kasper clusters with a coordination number of [Formula: see text]12 play a critical role in the formation of Ta monoatomic metallic glasses. Similar to the pattern observed in many multi-component metallic glass-forming liquids, the three-stage evolution pattern of the self-diffusion coefficient could be observed during cooling. The fragile-to-strong (F–S) transition temperature of liquid Ta is identified to be [Formula: see text]. The possible structural reason for the strong-to-fragile liquid transition is correlated with the formation of abundant Kasper medium-range orders (MROs) and their zigzag competition with the loose configurations in liquid regions. The F–S transition is attributed to the success of MROs in the competition and their subsequent rapid growth.
Theoretical investigation of nano-photonic graphene-based waveguide
Authors: Wang Yupeng , Xiao Yawen , Wang Luning , Rong Haichen , Li Xin , Wang Fei
Published: July 2020

This paper reports two design thoughts about nano-scale waveguides including parallel slot structure and vertical slot structure. According to the simulation results of different schemes, the design of parallel slot structure is demonstrated to exhibit better performance. Thus, we further explore its typical characteristics based on this scheme, such as electric field distribution, effective refractive index, non-linearity, dispersion and so on. Besides, we explore the properties of the waveguide under different thicknesses of the core material. On the other hand, combining with graphene layer applied to additional bias voltage, the tunable properties of the waveguide are realized. These results can provide significant reference for photoelectronic device field and lead to a deeper insight of the physical mechanisms of graphene-based waveguides.
p-power conjugacy classes in U(n,q) and T(n,q)
Authors: Dolfi Silvio , Singh Anupam , Yadav Manoj K.
Published: July 2020

Let [Formula: see text] be a [Formula: see text]-power where [Formula: see text] is a fixed prime. In this paper, we look at the [Formula: see text]-power maps on unitriangular group [Formula: see text] and triangular group [Formula: see text]. In the spirit of Borel dominance theorem for algebraic groups, we show that the image of this map contains large size conjugacy classes. For the triangular group we give a recursive formula to count the image size.
Solving linear systems over tropical semirings through normalization method and its applications
Authors: Olia Fateme , Ghalandarzadeh Shaban , Amiraslani Amirhossein , Jamshidvand Sedighe
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we introduce and analyze a normalization method for solving a system of linear equations over tropical semirings. We use a normalization method to construct an associated normalized matrix, which gives a technique for solving the system. If solutions exist, the method can also determine the degrees of freedom of the system. Moreover, we present a procedure to determine the column rank and the row rank of a matrix. Flowcharts for this normalization method and its applications are included as well.
3D ordered porous SnO2 with a controllable pore diameter for enhanced formaldehyde sensing performance
Authors: Sun Dan , Guo Huixiao , Li Yu , Li Haiying , Li Xiaosong , Tian Chunxia , Zhang Jianxia , Liu Li
Published: July 2020

This paper reports the preparation of 3D ordered porous SnO2 with different diameters (103, 546, and 1030[Formula: see text]nm) by a simple template method. We find that 103[Formula: see text]nm porous SnO2 nanomaterials have the highest response (30) and fastest response/recovery time (3/10 s) for 100 ppm HCHO (formaldehyde) compared with the response and response/recovery times for 546 nm (20 and 3/17[Formula: see text]s, respectively) and 1030 nm (10 and 6/20[Formula: see text]s, respectively) porous SnO2 nanomaterials at a low working temperature (220∘C). All three sensors show good long-term stability, repeatability, and linearity. The results show that decreasing the diameter of the porous SnO2 materials effectively increased the gas sensitivity to HCHO. The increase in the gas sensitivity was attributed to the ordered porous structures, large specific surface area, and additional oxygen vacancies on the surface.
Automatic global path generation for large-scale 3D scene exploration
Authors: Che Li , Kang F. J.
Published: July 2020

Large-scale virtual scene exploration is still a challenging task. The novice users can easily get distracted and disorientated, which results in being lost in space. Assisted camera control technology is the most effective solution for virtual environment exploration problems which requires viewpoint computation and path planning. In this paper, a novel approach for large-scale virtual scene based on viewpoint scoring is proposed. First, the scene was adaptively divided into several meaningful and easily analyzed subregions according to the optimal view distance criterion. Second, a novel viewpoint scoring method based on visual perception and information entropy fusion was developed for optimal viewpoint determination and greedy N-Bestviewpoint selection algorithm was utilized for visual perceptibility calculation. Then evolutionary programming approach for the Traveling Salesman problem was applied for intra-subregion and inter-subregion exploring path optimization. Finally, the Cubic Hermite Curve was introduced to smoothen the inflection point on the exploration path. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively generate an automatic smooth, informative, aesthetic and non-intersecting path, with the characteristics of good exploring comfort, strong immersion and high scene information perception.
THE PORTUGUESE MOTOR VEHICLE INDUSTRY: AN IMPOSSIBLE DREAM?
Authors: TRUETT LILA J. , TRUETT DALE B.
Published: July 2020

Portugal policy makers consider the motor vehicle industry to be critical to the country’s economy because of its potential to offer highly skilled job opportunities and incentives for innovation and research, technology transfer, and investment, although the industry remains small by international standards. Little empirical research exists on the Portuguese motor vehicle industry, and we attempt to partially fill this void by estimating an industry cost function. We find strong evidence of scale economies, an expected result given the low industry volume. An unexpected finding is that capital and labor are complements since much of the international literature regarding the industry finds evidence they are substitutes. An exception is the German industry, and the findings here may be related to the fact that the largest Portuguese motor vehicle producer is Volkswagen AutoEuropa. The significance of this finding is that a lower price for either of these inputs would increase the quantity demanded of both of them. The future appears highly uncertain for the motor vehicle assemblers unless they can achieve sufficient synergies with component suppliers and other global motor vehicle manufacturers to become internationally competitive. The component suppliers may be able to enlarge their international markets, particularly that of Spain, because of its proximity to Portugal.
About this title - Integrated Fault Seal Analysis
Authors: Ogilvie S. R. , Dee S. J. , Wilson R. W. , Bailey W. R.
Published: July 2020

Faults commonly trap fluids such as hydrocarbons and water and therefore are of economic significance. During hydrocarbon field development, smaller faults can provide baffles and/or conduits to flow. There are relatively simple, well established workflows to carry out a fault seal analysis for siliciclastic rocks based primarily on clay content. There are, however, outstanding challenges related to other rock types, to calibrating fault seal models (with static and dynamic data) and to handling uncertainty.

The variety of studies presented here demonstrate the types of data required and workflows followed in today's environment in order to understand the uncertainties, risks and upsides associated with fault-related fluid flow. These studies span all parts of the hydrocarbon value chain from exploration to production but are also of relevance for other industries such as radioactive waste and CO
2
containment.