bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship between common foot problems with falls and quality of life in older people
Authors: Jalali Maryam , Mojgani Parviz , Saeedi Hassan , Azadinia Fatemeh , Niksolat Maryam , Ghorbani Faezeh
Published: July 2021

Objectives

To evaluate the relationship between a number of prevalent foot problems in older people and their history of falls and quality of life. To examine the relationship between timed up and go (TUG) test time and ankle muscles’ strength.

Method

In this cross‐sectional observational study on a convenient sample of 350 people 65 years and older, direct logistic and hierarchical regressions were used to assess the relation of self‐reported falls and quality of life with hallux valgus, oedema, sensory loss and callus. The correlation coefficients were calculated to measure the relationship between TUG test time and ankle muscle strength.

Results

Moderate negative correlations were measured between ankle muscles’ strength and TUG time (rDorsiflexors = −0.42 p = 0.000, rPlantar flexors = −0.45 p = 0.000). The odds ratio extracted from logistic regression for foot pain was 3.05 (p = 0.000, 95% CI: 1.8–5.1). The results of the hierarchical regression showed that oedema had the highest contribution to depicting the quality of life (standardised B = −0.22, p = 0.001), followed by foot pain (beta = −0.178, p = 0.004) and plantar sensory loss (beta = −0.143, p = 0.019).

Conclusion

The results of this study highlight the importance of foot problems in older people. Foot pain showed relationship with self‐reported fall experience. Oedema and foot pain had negative impact on quality of life. Ankle muscles’ strength may affect balance in older people. However, because of the small effects sizes and wide confidence intervals, the results should be interpreted cautiously.
Cognitive Instrumentalism about Mental Representations
Authors: Taylor Samuel D.
Published: July 2021

Representationalists and anti‐representationalists disagree about whether a naturalisation of mental content is possible and, hence, whether positing mental representations in cognitive science is justified. Here, I develop a novel way to think about mental representations based on a philosophical description of (cognitive) science inspired by cognitive instrumentalism. On this view, our acceptance of theories positing mental representations and our beliefs in (something like) mental representations do not depend on the naturalisation of content. Thus, I conclude that if we endorse cognitive instrumentalism about mental representations, then we can finally leave the dispute between representationalism and anti‐representationalism behind.
Empathy, compassion, and theory of mind in obsessive‐compulsive disorder
Authors: Salazar Kämpf Maike , Kanske Philipp , Kleiman Alexandra , Haberkamp Anke , Glombiewski Julia , Exner Cornelia
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Individuals with obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) often suffer from impairments in social functioning. This study investigates differences in empathy, compassion, and Theory of Mind (ToM) in individuals with OCD as a possible cause for social functioning deficits.

Design

Sixty‐four individuals diagnosed with OCD and 62 healthy individuals completed a naturalistic behavioural task (EmpaToM) and a self‐report measure (Interpersonal Reactivity Index, IRI).

Methods

Three preregistered repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs).

Results

People with OCD exhibited higher empathy levels – namely increased sharing of others’ suffering – in the EmpaToM task and reported more distress (IRI) compared with healthy individuals. Furthermore, no differences in compassion (EmpaToM) between both groups emerged, although people with OCD reported more concern for others (IRI) compared with healthy individuals. Concerning the ToM, no group differences were detected, neither in the behavioural task, nor self‐report.

Conclusion

By investigating OCD with diverse scientific practices we shed light on the higher levels of empathy exhibited by individuals with OCD, which are relevant for clinical practice and our understanding of OCD symptomatology.

Practitioner Points

People with obsessive‐compulsive disorder show higher levels of empathy, that is the increased sharing of others’ suffering, compared with healthy individuals in both a traditional self‐report and a naturalistic task.

Regarding compassion, that is caring for others, their self‐reported compassion was higher in people with OCD.

In Theory of Mind, that is cognitively understanding the situation of another person, no differences have been found neither at self‐report nor in a naturalistic task compared with healthy individuals.

Independent of traditional interventions, it could prove useful to improve emotion regulation skills so people with OCD learn to cope with empathic distress. Furthermore, it might strengthen the treatment gains and lower dropout rates if the social mind and consequently social relationships become a topic in the treatment and prevention of OCD.
Targeting redox metabolism of the maize‐Azospirillum brasilense interaction exposed to arsenic‐affected groundwater
Authors: Peralta Juan Manuel , Bianucci Eliana , Romero‐Puertas María C. , Furlan Ana , Castro Stella , Travaglia Claudia
Published: July 2021

Arsenic in groundwater constitutes an agronomic problem due to its potential accumulation in the food chain. Among the agro‐sustainable tools to reduce metal(oid)s toxicity, the use of plant growth‐promoting bacteria (PGPB) becomes important. For that, and based on previous results in which significant differences of As translocation were observed when inoculating maize plants with Az39 or CD Azospirillum strains, we decided to decipher the redox metabolism changes and the antioxidant system response of maize plants inoculated when exposed to a realistic arsenate (AsV) dose. Results showed that AsV caused morphological changes in the root exodermis. Photosynthetic pigments decreased only in CD inoculated plants, while oxidative stress evidence was detected throughout the plant, regardless of the assayed strain. The antioxidant response was strain‐differential since only CD inoculated plants showed an increase in superoxide dismutase, glutathione S‐transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities while other enzymes showed the same behavior irrespective of the inoculated strain. Gene expression assays reported that only GST23 transcript level was upregulated by arsenate, regardless of the inoculated strain. AsV diminished the glutathione (GSH) content of roots inoculated with the Az39 strain, and CD inoculated plants showed a decrease of oxidized GSH (GSSG) levels. We suggest a model in which the antioxidant response of the maize‐diazotrophs system is modulated by the strain and that GSH plays a central role acting mainly as a substrate for GST. These findings generate knowledge for a suitable PGPB selection, and its scaling to an effective bioinoculant formulation for maize crops exposed to adverse environmental conditions.
A standard framework for assessing the costs and benefits of restoration: introducing The Economics of Ecosystem Restoration
Authors: Bodin Blaise , Garavaglia Valentina , Pingault Nathanaël , Ding Helen , Wilson Sarah , Meybeck Alexandre , Gitz Vincent , d'Andrea Sara , Besacier Christophe
Published: July 2021

While the policy momentum behind ecosystem restoration has never been stronger, restoration finance remains insufficient. A crucial information gap to unlock finance is the lack of robust and consistent data on the costs and benefits of restoration. This is due in part to the wide variety of contexts, interventions, and objectives of restoration projects, and to the absence of well‐defined standards and protocols for cost and benefit data collection. To fill this gap, we developed a standard framework to assess the costs and benefits of restoration projects and specific restoration interventions. The associated template for data collection, which was tested for usability during a piloting phase, is the first output of The Economics of Ecosystem Restoration (TEER), a multi‐partner initiative under the aegis of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. It is the first attempt ever to improve the robustness and comparability of data on the economics of ecosystem restoration collected from the field at a global scale. Widespread adoption of this framework and associated template by a wide range of organizations implementing or financing restoration would allow for standardized data to be fed into a jointly owned database of restoration costs and benefits and serve as a basis for the further investigation of the economics of ecosystem restoration, including cost‐benefits analysis. Better information on costs and benefits will help to inform accurate budgeting access to finance for restoration projects, and make them more likely to achieve their set goals and desired quantitative outcomes (e.g. area restored).
Ethnoracial Diversity and Segregation in U.S. Rural School Districts*
Authors: Kebede Maraki , Maselli Annie , Taylor Kendra , Frankenberg Erica
Published: July 2021

The ethnoracial diversification of rural America is gaining more attention in scholarly and policy circles, but its impact on rural school districts is often overlooked. We use federal data sources to explore the magnitude and structure of rural ethnoracial diversity and to analyze variation in how U.S. rural school district demographics have changed nationally from 2000 to 2019. Employing a majority rule typology, we classify more than 5,000 school districts according to their ethnoracial structure. Our findings illustrate that rising Hispanic enrollment is a central element of changing rural public school student demographics nationwide. Since 2000, rural school districts have become more ethnoracially diverse, and rural students of most ethnicities/races have become less ethnoracially isolated. However, despite demographic changes resulting in more diversified district enrollments overall, segregation within rural districts persists. Furthermore, White enrollment in rural district types with the fewest White students declined twice as much as in the rural district types with the highest share of White students. Together, these patterns suggest how school segregation and opportunity hoarding can persist despite growth in districts’ ethnoracial diversity.
Exploring Student-Athlete Grit as a Mediator in the Relationships Between Parenting, Academic Success, and Mental Health Outcomes
Authors: Howard Jackson M. , Nicholson Bonnie C. , Madson Michael B. , Mohn Richard S. , Bullock-Yowell Emily
Published: July 2021

Due to demand for high performance inside and outside of the classroom, student-athletes are a unique subsection of college students. Researchers have focused on investigating protective factors, which may enhance student-athlete well-being and academic success in higher education and reduce athlete burnout. The current study examined grit as a mediator between parenting behaviors and academic success, mental health outcomes, and burnout in higher education among National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I and Division II student-athletes (N =202). Overparenting behaviors were negatively associated with psychological autonomy granting, mental health outcomes, and athlete burnout. Psychological autonomy granting behaviors were positively associated with grit and negatively associated with mental health outcomes and athlete burnout. Student-athlete grit mediated the relationship between overparenting behaviors and mental health outcomes. Clinical implications include improving student-athlete parent onboarding protocol; student-athlete psychoeducation; and preventative outreach and health promotion among athletes, athletic staff, and university practitioners. In summary, these findings suggest that parenting behaviors and grit are factors that require more attention in fostering student-athlete success.
Dark Matter and Collider Searches in $$S_3$$-Symmetric 2HDM with Vector Like Lepton
Authors: Chakraborty Indrani , Ghosh Dilip Kumar , Ghosh Nivedita , Rai Santosh Kumar
Published: July 2021

We study the $$S_3$$

S
3

-symmetric two Higgs doublet model by adding two generations of vector like leptons (VLL) which are odd under a discrete $$Z_2$$

Z
2

-symmetry. The lightest neutral component of the VLL acts as a dark matter (DM) whereas the full VLL set belongs to a dark sector with no mixings allowed with the standard model fermions. We analyse the model in light of dark matter and collider searches. We show that the DM is compatible with the current relic density data as well as satisfying all direct and indirect dark matter search constraints. We choose some representative points in the model parameter space allowed by all aforementioned dark matter constraints and present a detailed collider analysis of multi-lepton signals viz. the mono-lepton, di-lepton, tri-lepton and four-lepton along with missing transverse energy in the final state using both the cut-based analysis and multivariate analysis respectively at the high luminosity 14 TeV LHC run.
Velocity effect on the stimulated transition process of a multilevel atom in a thermal bath
Authors: Cai Huabing
Published: July 2021

This paper investigates the stimulated transition process of a uniformly moving atom in interaction with a thermal bath of the quantum electromagnetic field. Using the perturbation theory, the atomic stimulated emission and absorption rates are calculated. The results indicate that the atomic transition rates depend crucially on the atomic velocity, the temperature of the thermal bath, and the atomic polarizability. As these factors change, the atomic stimulated transition processes can be enhanced or weakened at different degrees. In particular, slowly moving atoms in the thermal bath with high temperature ($$T\gg \omega _{0}$$

T
≫

ω
0

) perceive a smaller effective temperature $$T \big ( 1-\frac{1}{10} v^{2} \big )$$

T

(

1
-

1
10

v
2

)

for the polarizability perpendicular to the atomic velocity or $$T \big ( 1-\frac{3}{10} v^{2} \big )$$

T

(

1
-

3
10

v
2

)

for the polarizability parallel to the atomic velocity. However, ultra-relativistic atoms perceive no influence of the background thermal bath. In turn, in terms of the atomic transition rates, this paper explores and examines the relativity of temperature of the quantum electromagnetic field.
Nevanlinna and algebraic hyperbolicity
Authors: He Yan , Ru Min
Published: July 2021

Motivated by the notion of the algebraic hyperbolicity, we introduce the notion of Nevanlinna hyperbolicity for a pair [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a projective variety and [Formula: see text] is an effective Cartier divisor on [Formula: see text]. This notion links and unifies the Nevanlinna theory, the complex hyperbolicity (Brody and Kobayashi hyperbolicity), the big Picard-type extension theorem (more generally the Borel hyperbolicity). It also implies the algebraic hyperbolicity. The key is to use the Nevanlinna theory on parabolic Riemann surfaces recently developed by P[Formula: see text]un and Sibony [Value distribution theory for parabolic Riemann surfaces, preprint (2014), arXiv:1403.6596].
Classical pretzel knots and left orderability
Authors: Khan Arafat , Tran Anh T.
Published: July 2021

We consider the classical pretzel knots [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] are positive odd integers. By using continuous paths of elliptic [Formula: see text]-representations, we show that (i) the 3-manifold obtained by [Formula: see text]-surgery on [Formula: see text] has left orderable fundamental group if [Formula: see text] and (ii) the [Formula: see text]-cyclic branched cover of [Formula: see text] has left orderable fundamental group if [Formula: see text].
First-principles study of the vacancy defects in ZnIn2Te4 and CdIn2Te4
Authors: Wu Bing , Wang Gang , Hu Jun
Published: July 2021

First-principles calculations were carried out to study the stability and electronic properties of native vacancy defects in the semiconducting ZnIn2Te4 (ZIT) and CdIn2Te4 (CIT). The Zn/Cd and In vacancies are acceptor defects, while the Te vacancy is donor defect. However, the In and Te vacancies dominate in the [Formula: see text]-type and [Formula: see text]-type semiconducting environments, respectively. The Te vacancy is not excited, so it could not compensate the majority of free carriers. The In vacancy prefers to be excited, which generates free hole carriers to compensate the majority of electron carriers. The Zn vacancy is rare in a typical semiconducting environment. Furthermore, all the vacancies induce localized defect states which may be trap centers for the free carriers. Accordingly, these native vacancy defects are destructive for the development of solar cells based on ZIT and CIT, so they should be avoided as much as possible during the growth process.
WHAT INFLUENCES ADOPTION OF COMPETITION LAW? THE CASE OF ASEAN ECONOMIES
Authors: RAVAGO MAJAH-LEAH V. , ROUMASSET JAMES A. , BALISACAN ARSENIO M.
Published: July 2021

We investigate the factors that influence adoption of competition law using a panel of countries from 1970 to 2015. We find that in addition to development level, trading arrangements and peer pressure have also influenced adoption. The spread of competition laws adopted from Western precedents left a question regarding the extent they have been tailored to the diverse circumstances of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations countries. We document the nature, structure, conduct and scope of competition laws by comparing and contrasting the experience of the Philippines and Thailand. Our descriptive analysis reveals that the force and influence of the law are not entirely dependent on early adoption.
NATURAL RESOURCE RENTS AND INTERNAL CONFLICT: THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY
Authors: ARIF UMAIMA , USMAN MUHAMMAD , KHAN FARZANA NAHEED
Published: July 2021

The study explores the impact of natural resource rents on internal conflicts and examines how the aforementioned relationship is influenced by institutional quality. The study is based on a panel dataset of 70 countries for the period 1991–2018. The empirical evidence shows that natural resource rent leads to an increase in internal conflict in both developed and developing countries. However, the impact of natural resource rent on internal conflict is negative in the presence of better quality of government institutions for the global sample, developed and developing countries. Hence, natural resource rent leads to a reduction in internal conflict when it is supported by better institutional quality in terms of high bureaucratic quality, rule of law and low corruption in government institutions. Overall, the study finds that natural resource rent leads to an increase in internal conflict, however, this relationship is mitigated by better institutional quality.
Decaying vacuum and evolution from early inflation to late acceleration
Authors: Sarath N. , Mathew Titus K.
Published: July 2021

Decaying vacuum models are a class of models that incorporate a time-dependent vacuum energy density that can explain the entire evolution of the universe in a unified framework. A general solution to the Friedmann equation is obtained by considering vacuum energy density as a function of the Hubble parameter. We have obtained the asymptotic solution by choosing the equation of state for matter, [Formula: see text] and radiation, [Formula: see text]. Finite boundaries in the early and late de Sitter epoch are defined by considering the evolution of primordial perturbation wavelength. An epoch invariant number [Formula: see text] determines the number of primordial perturbation modes that cross the Hubble radius during each epoch.
Probing QCD with LHCb
Authors: Ilten Philip
Published: July 2021

While the LHCb detector was specifically designed for measuring heavy-flavor physics, it has also proven itself as a forward general purpose detector with flexible data acquisition, excellent lifetime resolution and charged particle identification. This makes LHCb an ideal laboratory for exploring phenomena related to quantum chromodynamics (QCD), particularly with heavy-flavor content. This review explores some of the novel QCD measurements from LHCb, with an emphasis placed on comparisons to predictions from the Pythia 8 Monte Carlo event generator.
CEPC Z-pole polarization design studies
Authors: Xia Wenhao , Gao Jie , Wang Yiwei , Wang Dou
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we give preliminary designs of beam polarization manipulations by inserting three different types of insertions in the Circular Electron–Positron Collider (CEPC) at center-of-mass energies of 91 GeV ([Formula: see text]-pole). With the wigglers in the collider ring, we can obtain 5% transverse polarization in 1.1 h for the precise energy measurement. To overcome depolarization effects as the beam energy rises from 10 GeV to 45.5 GeV in the booster ring, Siberian snakes based on helical magnets are adopted. Finally, for longitudinally polarized beam collisions, a schematic design of spin rotators based on solenoids in the collider ring is studied.
Analytical expression development for eddy field and the beam dynamics effect on the CEPC booster
Authors: Chen Yuan , Wang Dou , Kang Wen , Peng Yuemei , Cui Xiaohao , Chen Fusan , Yu Chenghui , Wang Sheng , Gao Jie
Published: July 2021

An analytical magnetic field expression for a circular vacuum chamber with induced eddy on it is obtained. Two boundary conditions are discussed: with and without the iron poles; the former implies the use of the image current methods. After the current angular distribution in the vacuum chamber is calculated, a contour integration is applied to obtain the field distribution in the aperture. The application to the CEPC booster is also presented, which is one of the most important issues in the design stage.
Heat load in IR from synchrotron radiation and beam loss for CEPC double ring scheme
Authors: Bai Sha , Yu Chenghui , Wang Yiwei , Gao Jie
Published: July 2021

With the discovery of the Higgs boson at around 125 GeV, a circular Higgs factory design with high luminosity ([Formula: see text]) is becoming more popular in the accelerator world. The CEPC project in China is one of them. Machine Detector Interface (MDI) is the key research area in electron–positron colliders, especially in CEPC, since the synchrotron radiation (SR) photons can contribute to the heat load of the beam pipe and radiation dose may damage the components. And the heat load can cause the temperature rise in some part, and if the temperature rise is too high, the beryllium pipe in the interaction region will melt and the superconducting magnet may quench. Thus, the heat load distribution from synchrotron radiation and beam loss in the interaction region are analyzed carefully and results are given in this paper.
The “96 GeV excess” at the LHC
Authors: Biekötter T. , Chakraborti M. , Heinemeyer S.
Published: July 2021

The CMS collaboration reported an intriguing [Formula: see text] (local) excess at 96 GeV in the light Higgs-boson search in the diphoton decay mode. This mass coincides with a [Formula: see text] (local) excess in the [Formula: see text] final state at LEP. We briefly review the proposed combined interpretations for the two excesses. In more detail, we review the interpretation of this possible signal as the lightest Higgs boson in the 2 Higgs Doublet Model with an additional real Higgs singlet (N2HDM). We show which channels have the best prospects for the discovery of additional Higgs bosons at the upcoming Run 3 of the LHC.
Decoherence of GHZ state under three noisy channels in non-inertial frames
Authors: Kim Kwang-Il , Pak Myong Chol , Kim Son A , Ri Jin Ju , Kim Tae-Hyok
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we investigate the decoherence of GHZ state under three noisy channels in non-inertial frames. The phase flip, the bit flip and the phase damping channels are considered as noisy channels, respectively. By using three-tangle [Formula: see text] as the measurement of entanglement, we numerically calculate the genuine tripartite entanglement of GHZ state under noisy environments in non-inertial frames. Unlike the case of phase damping channel, in the cases of the phase flip and the bit flip ones, we find that the effect of environment cannot only decay the genuine tripartite entanglement, but also revive it.
Energy-carrying wave simulation of the Lonngren-wave equation in semiconductor materials
Authors: Durur Hülya
Published: July 2021

In this study, the Lonngren-wave equation, which is physically semiconductor, is taken into consideration. Traveling wave solutions of this equation are presented with generalized exponential rational function method, which is one of the mathematically powerful analytical methods. These solutions are produced in bright (non-topological) soliton and complex trigonometric-type traveling wave solutions. Three-dimensional (3D), 2D and contour graphics are presented with the help of a ready-made package program with special values given to constants in these solutions. The effect of the change in wave velocity on the traveling wave solution showing energy transport is presented with the help of simulation. It is argued that velocity is one of the important factors in wave diffraction. In the results and discussion section, the advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed.
A fractal modification of Chen–Lee–Liu equation and its fractal variational principle
Authors: He Ji-Huan , He Chun-Hui , Saeed Tareq
Published: July 2021

The Chen–Lee–Liu equation is a modified Schrödinger equation to describe a solitary wave of ultrashort pulses in optics, which lead to a discontinuous time, so a fractal modification is suggested and a fractal variational principle is established by the semi-inverse method.
Comparison of two different types of fractional-order COVID-19 distributed time-delay models with real data application
Authors: Yang Liangli , Su Yongmei , Zhuo Xinjian
Published: July 2021

The outbreak of COVID-19 has a great impact on the world. Considering that there are different infection delays among different populations, which can be expressed as distributed delay, and the distributed time-delay is rarely used in fractional-order model to simulate the real data, here we establish two different types of fractional order (Caputo and Caputo–Fabrizio) COVID-19 models with distributed time-delay. Parameters are estimated by the least-square method according to the report data of China and other 12 countries. The results of Caputo and Caputo–Fabrizio model with distributed time-delay and without delay, the integer-order model with distributed delay are compared. These show that the fractional-order model can be better in fitting the real data. Moreover, Caputo order is better in short-term time fitting, Caputo–Fabrizio order is better in long-term fitting and prediction. Finally, the influence of several parameters is simulated in Caputo order model, which further verifies the importance of taking strict quarantine measures and paying close attention to the incubation period population.
Nonlinear chirp combination effect on the improvement of high harmonic spectra and attosecond pulses
Authors: Feng Li-Qiang , Jing Xiao-Dan , Qiao Yan , McCain John , Yuan Quan , Xu Cui-Yan
Published: July 2021

The effect of nonlinear chirp combination on the enhancement of harmonic cutoff and harmonic intensity has been investigated by using a two-color chirped pulse. It is found that with the combination of 2-order chirp form, the strongest intensity enhancement of harmonic spectrum can be found. While, with the combination of 2-order and 3-order chirp forms, the largest cutoff extension of the harmonic spectrum can be obtained. Finally, by properly using the harmonic spectra driven by the above two kinds of combined pulses, the single attosecond pulses (SAPs) of 43 as and 33 as can be generated.
Optimal Trajectory Generation for Intelligent Vehicles in Complex Traffic Based on Iteration Convex Optimization
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Li Aihua
Published: July 2021

Intelligent vehicles face considerable challenges in the complex traffic environment since they need to deal with various constraints and elements. This dissertation puts forward a novel trajectory planning framework for intelligent vehicles to generate safe and optimal driving trajectories. First, we design a spatiotemporal occupancy framework to deal with all kinds of elements in the complex driving environment based on the Frenét frame. This framework unifies various constraints on the road in the three-dimensional spatiotemporal representation and clearly describes the collision-free configuration space. Then we use the convex approximation method to construct a time-varying convex feasible region based on the above accurate temporal and spatial description. We formulate the trajectory planning problem as a standard quadratic programming formulation with collision-free and dynamics constraints. Finally, we apply the iterative convex optimization algorithm to solve the quadratic programming problem in the time-varying convex feasible region. Moreover, we design several typical experimental scenarios and have verified that the proposed method has good effectiveness and real-time.
Development of an Indoor Intelligent Lighting System Based on Occupants’ Positioning
Authors: Luo Heng , Zhang Tingfei , Zou Youmin , Liu Chenxu , Hu Xinyu , Lv Yang
Published: July 2021

China accounts for more than 22% of the total energy consumption worldwide. Building energy consumption, among which consumption in public buildings was about 40% took the second place. With the problems of high energy waste, error rate and complexity of the control systems available, an indoor intelligent lighting system based on occupants’ location is proposed in this paper to improve the energy efficiency of the current lighting systems indoors. The transmission model of electromagnetic wave in free space is optimized in both aspects of reference signal strength and attenuation coefficient radiation in complex environment dynamically based on which occupants’ positions are obtained. The smart lighting system will turn on or off corresponding lights adaptively to provide a more energy efficient platform. Experimental results show that the proposed system is able to improve the energy efficiency of indoor lighting by at least 15%, with a lower error rate below 2% compared with the existing lighting systems based on voice control.
Partial (co)actions of Taft and Nichols Hopf algebras on their base fields
Authors: Fonseca Graziela , Martini Grasiela , Silva Leonardo
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we determine all partial actions and partial coactions of Taft and Nichols Hopf algebras on their base fields. Furthermore, we prove that all such partial (co)actions are symmetric.
The curl–curl conforming virtual element method for the quad-curl problem
Authors: Zhao Jikun , Zhang Bei
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we present the [Formula: see text]-conforming virtual element (VE) method for the quad-curl problem in two dimensions. Based on the idea of de Rham complex, we first construct three families of [Formula: see text]-conforming VEs, of which the simplest one has only one degree of freedom associated to each vertex and each edge in the lowest-order case, respectively. An exact discrete complex is established between the [Formula: see text]-conforming and [Formula: see text]-conforming VEs. We rigorously prove the interpolation error estimates, the stability of discrete bilinear forms, the coercivity and inf–sup condition of the corresponding discrete formulation. We show that the conforming VEs have the optimal convergence. Some numerical examples are given to confirm the theoretical results.
Darcy’s law as low Mach and homogenization limit of a compressible fluid in perforated domains
Authors: Höfer Richard M. , Kowalczyk Karina , Schwarzacher Sebastian
Published: July 2021

We consider the homogenization limit of the compressible barotropic Navier–Stokes equations in a three-dimensional domain perforated by periodically distributed identical particles. We study the regime of particle sizes and distances such that the volume fraction of particles tends to zero but their resistance density tends to infinity. Assuming that the Mach number is decreasing with a certain rate, the rescaled velocity and pressure of the microscopic system converges to the solution of an effective equation which is given by Darcy’s law. The range of sizes of particles we consider is exactly the same which leads to Darcy’s law in the homogenization limit of incompressible fluids. Unlike previous results for the Darcy regime we estimate the deficit related to the pressure approximation via the Bogovskiĭ operator. This allows for more flexible estimates of the pressure in Lebesgue and Sobolev spaces and allows to proof convergence results for all barotropic exponents [Formula: see text].
What is life? A perspective of the mathematical kinetic theory of active particles
Authors: Bellomo Nicola , Burini Diletta , Dosi Giovanni , Gibelli Livio , Knopoff Damian , Outada Nisrine , Terna Pietro , Virgillito Maria Enrica
Published: July 2021

The modeling of living systems composed of many interacting entities is treated in this paper with the aim of describing their collective behaviors. The mathematical approach is developed within the general framework of the kinetic theory of active particles. The presentation is in three parts. First, we derive the mathematical tools, subsequently, we show how the method can be applied to a number of case studies related to well defined living systems, and finally, we look ahead to research perspectives.
Perturbations of the orbital elements due to the magnetic-like part of the field of a plane gravitational wave
Authors: Iorio Lorenzo , Ruggiero Matteo Luca
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we focus on the secular changes of the orbital elements of a planet in the solar system, determined by the magnetic-like part of a gravitational wave field. Using Fermi coordinates, we show that the total force acting on a test particle is made of two contributions: a gravito-electric one and a gravito-magnetic one. While the electric-like force has been thoroughly discussed in the past, the effect of the gravito-magnetic force, which depends on the velocity of the test particle, has not been considered yet. We obtain approximated results to some orders in the orbital eccentricity and show that these effects are much smaller than the corresponding gravito-electric ones.
Neighbor Connectivity of the Alternating Group Graph
Authors: Abdallah Mohamad , Hung Chun-Nan
Published: July 2021

Given a graph [Formula: see text], its neighbor connectivity is the least number of vertices whose deletion along with their neighbors results in a disconnected, complete, or empty graph. The edge neighbor connectivity is the least number of edges whose deletion along with their endpoints results in a disconnected, complete, or empty graph. In this paper, we determine the neighbor connectivity [Formula: see text] and the edge neighbor connectivity [Formula: see text] of the alternating group graph. We show that [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the [Formula: see text]-dimensional alternating group graph.
Detection and Correction of Multi-Warping Document Image
Authors: Wagdy Marian , Amin Khaild , Ibrahim Mina
Published: July 2021

In this work, we aim to solve the multi-warping document image problems. We can overcome the limitations of the previous dewarping algorithms to recover the shape of the document. The proposed method is based on a well-defined pattern to simulate the distorted and undistorted connected component of document images. Some pairs of control points are selected for each connected component and its ground truth pattern to define the mapping function between them. The dewarping process transforms the warping connected component according to the geometric transformation defined by the calculated mapping function. Results on document dewarping dataset CBDAR demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. OCR error metrics are also used to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach.
EFFECT OF LOWER LIMB EXERCISE ON POSTURE STABILITY AND BRAIN ACTIVITY DURING WHOLE BODY VIBRATION FOR THE ELDERLY
Authors: JEONG JI-SOO , YU MI , KWON TAE-KYU
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to investigate the effect of lower limb exercise on electroencephalogram (EEG) activity and posture stability during whole body vibration (WBV) for healthy elderly people. Subjects were composed of 20 elderly people who were over 60 years old and had no disease. They were subjected to WBV of 30[Formula: see text]Hz and strength intensity of 20 (total 5 sets, 20[Formula: see text]s/set, rest time: 20[Formula: see text]s, except for the final set). The subjects were grouped into two groups. One group of 11 subjects was WBVSt (WBV of upright stance) and the other group of nine subjects was WBVSq (WBV of squat posture). In the WBVSt group, the subjects were requested to maintain a standing position, whereas those in the WBVSq group were asked to perform 60∘-knee flexion squat at 2[Formula: see text]s intervals during WBV stimulation. In this study, the electromyography (EMG) was measured on the right and left erector spinae, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, tibialis anterior to evaluate lower limb muscle activity and postural stability during timed up and go (TUG) test before and after WBV. The EEG was measured on frontal (F3, F4, F7, F8), central (Cz, C3, C4), temporal (T3, T4, T5, T6), parietal (P3, P4), and occipital (O1, O2) lobes to evaluate brain activity during the check of mini-mental state examination for dementia screening (MMSE-DS) before and after WBV. The results of this study showed improved postural stability and muscle activation for the healthy elderly during lower limb and WVB exercises. The WBVSq group showed higher changes in TUG-test ([Formula: see text]) and iEMG analysis by EMG ([Formula: see text]) compared with the WBVSt group. However, there was no significant change in MMSE-DS ([Formula: see text]). Because of the increase in relative SMR power by EEG, the central (C4), frontal (F7) and parietal (P3, P4) lobes were activated in WBVSt group ([Formula: see text]); however, all regions, except the parietal lobe, were activated in WBVSq group ([Formula: see text]). Lower limb exercise with WBV stimulation improved postural stability, lower limb muscle, and brain activation for the elderly. These results may be helpful to the protocol of exercise using WBV for the healthy elderly.
EFFECTS OF CORE STABILIZATION EXERCISE ON MUSCLE ACTIVITY DURING HORIZONTAL SHOULDER ADDUCTION WITH LOADS IN HEALTHY ADULTS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED STUDY
Authors: PARK CHANHEE , YOON SAMWON , YOON HYUNSIK , KIM KYOUNGTAE , CHA YOUNGJOO , PARK ILBONG
Published: July 2021

The importance of core stabilization exercises for extremities associated with dynamic spinal stabilization prior to movement has been demonstrated. However, no previous studies have investigated the muscle-coordinated effects on the upper trapezius (UT), anterior deltoid (AD), pectoralis major (PM), bilateral transverse abdominis (TrA), bilateral internal oblique (IO), and bilateral external oblique (EO) in healthy adults. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of the dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) breathing technique and the abdominal bracing (AB) technique on UT, AD, PM, bilateral IO/TrA, and bilateral EO motor control in healthy participants during horizontal shoulder adduction. Thirty-six participants, eight of whom were female, were randomized into an AB and a DNS group and performed horizontal shoulder adduction with loads (8 and 17 lb). The clinical outcomes were UT, AD, and PM muscle activation and TrA/IO and EO muscle activation. Paired t-tests were used to analyze electromyography (EMG) data to determine statistically significant differences in muscle activity between the two techniques. For the EMG analysis, the maximal voluntary isometric contraction was measured for normalization and then divided by the EMG amplitude value. The results showed that UT, AD, and PM muscle amplitudes were lower and TrA/IO and EO muscle amplitudes were higher with DNS than with AB ([Formula: see text]). Our findings provide clinical evidence that core exercise with DNS is more effective in lessening UT, AD, and PM muscle activation and improving bilateral TrA/IO motor control than with AB.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON VISCOELASTICITY PROPERTY OF DIFFERENT LAYERS PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT UNDER COMPRESSION
Authors: ZHOU JINLAI , SONG YANG , XU CHENGUANG , ZHANG CHUNQIU , YANG XIU PING , SHI XUE
Published: July 2021

The periodontal ligament (PDL) exhibits different material mechanical properties along the long axis of the teeth. To explore the creep and the relaxation effects of dissimilar layers of PDL, this paper took the central incisors of porcine mandibular as experimental subjects and divided them perpendicular to the teeth axis into five layers. Creep experiments and relaxation experiments on five layers were conducted to obtain the creep compliance and relaxation modulus at different layers. Linear elastic model, generalized Kelvin model, and generalized Maxwell model were used to describe the major characteristics of the PDL: Instantaneous elasticity, creep and relaxation. Fitting accuracy of three-parameter, five-parameter, and seven-parameter of the model was compared, and the constitutive equations of different layers were established by the least square method.

The results presented that the creep strain and the relaxation stress of PDL were exponentially correlated with time under different loading conditions. Different layers showed a significant effect on the creep strain and relaxation stress of PDL. Along the long axis of the teeth, the changing rule of the creep compliance and relaxation modulus of each layer showed quite the contrary, and the instantaneous elastic modulus first decreased to the minimum, then increased to the maximum. Higher instantaneous elastic modulus led to lower creep compliance and higher relaxation modulus. The generalized Kelvin model and the generalized Maxwell model well characterized the creep and relaxation properties of PDL. Fitting accuracy increased with the number of model parameters. The relaxation time of PDL was about one order of magnitude shorter than the creep retardation time, which indicated that the relaxation effect lasted shorter than the creep effect.
Linear canonical wavelet transform: Properties and inequalities
Authors: Bahri Mawardi , Amir Amir Kamal , Ashino Ryuichi
Published: July 2021

This paper deals with the linear canonical wavelet transform. It is a non-trivial generalization of the ordinary wavelet transform in the framework of the linear canonical transform. We first present a direct relationship between the linear canonical wavelet transform and ordinary wavelet transform. Based on the relation, we provide an alternative proof of the orthogonality relation for the linear canonical wavelet transform. Some of its essential properties are also studied in detail. Finally, we explicitly derive several versions of inequalities associated with the linear canonical wavelet transform.
Particle creation from thermodynamics point of view in f(𝒢,T) gravity
Authors: Zubair M. , Rahseed Mubashira , Saleem Rabia , Abbas G.
Published: July 2021

This paper aims to discuss the gravitationally induced particle creation in the framework of [Formula: see text] theory, which involves the non-minimal coupling (NMC) between Gauss–Bonnet (GB) invariant, [Formula: see text] and trace of the energy–momentum tensor (EMT), [Formula: see text]. Here, NMC between matter and gravitational sector results in non-divergence of EMT. We discuss the generalized conservation equation for the irreversible process of matter creation with the help of generalized second law of thermodynamics (GSLT). Particle creation rate, creation pressure, entropy production rate and temperature are obtained for this theory using flat FRW geometry. We work on three particular [Formula: see text] models and study cosmological implications of open irreversible thermodynamics. Furthermore, the impact of NMC on cosmological evolution and entropy production is briefly discussed.
STRATEGIC FLEXIBILITY AND PERFORMANCE: EFFECTS OF POTENTIAL AND REALISED ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY
Authors: NOWAK RADOSLAW
Published: July 2021

This study focuses on the relationship between strategic flexibility and absorptive capacity — past literature recognised the two constructs as critical in the context of a firm’s responsiveness to imminent exogenous changes. Consequently, the objective of this paper is to put forward a set of new hypotheses that empirically test the effects of two dimensions of absorptive capacity, potential and realised absorptive capacity, on strategic flexibility in the context of business performance. In this way, the study aims to contribute to past research on strategy and innovation management by explaining when strategic flexibility could lead to better performance.
A note on the lower bound of representation functions
Authors: Jiang Xing-Wang , Sándor Csaba , Yang Quan-Hui
Published: July 2021

For a set [Formula: see text] of nonnegative integers, let [Formula: see text] denote the number of solutions to [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be the Thue–Morse sequence and [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be a positive integer such that [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text]. Previously, the first author proved that if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we prove that the above lower bound is nearly best possible. We also get some other results.
On Yokoi’s Invariants and the Ankeny–Artin–Chowla conjecture
Authors: Işıkay Sevcan , Peki̇n Ayten
Published: July 2021

Let [Formula: see text] be a positive square-free integer and [Formula: see text] be the fundamental unit of the real quadratic field [Formula: see text]. The Ankeny–Artin–Chowla (AAC) conjecture asserts that [Formula: see text] (mod [Formula: see text]) for primes [Formula: see text] (mod 4), which still remains unsolved. In this paper, sufficient conditions for [Formula: see text] have been given in terms of Yokoi’s invariants [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and it has been shown that the AAC conjecture is true in some special cases.
Experimental study on double-stage on-line jet mixing apparatus
Authors: Chen Zhigang , Wang Pengcheng
Published: July 2021

With the accelerated development of agricultural intelligence and mechanization, the traditional premixed pesticide mixing method has been unable to meet people’s needs for safe, environmental and efficient agricultural production. Therefore, an in-depth study on a variety of new pesticide mixing methods has been conducted at home and abroad. The single-stage on-line jet mixing method has been increasingly used because of its advantages of safety and high efficiency, which, however, proved to have some disadvantages such as difficulty in controlling the pesticide mixing ratio and poor mixing uniformity. In this experiment, a set of double-stage online jet mixing apparatus was designed to solve some shortcomings of single-stage online jet mixing apparatus, and the influence of jet nozzle parameters in the main jet mixing apparatus and the radiation flow mixing apparatus on the final pesticide mixing effect were studied for this apparatus, and the most appropriate jet nozzle parameters were selected.