bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Small Cation‐Based High‐Performance Energetic Nitraminofurazanates
Authors: Tang Yongxing , He Chunlin , Mitchell Lauren A. , Parrish Damon A. , Shreeve Jean'ne M.
Published: June 2016

Large nitramino‐substituted furazan anions were combined with small cations (hydroxylammonium, hydrazinium, and ammonium) to form a series of energetic salts that was fully characterized. The structures of several of the compounds (1 a, 2 a, 3 a, and 4 a) were further confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Based on their physiochemical properties, such as density, thermal stability, and sensitivity, together with the calculated detonation properties, it was found that they exhibit good detonation performance and have potential application as high‐energy‐density materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Germanium Dumbbells in a New Superconducting Modification of BaGe3.
Authors: Castillo Rodrigo , Baranov Alexey I. , Burkhardt Ulrich , Cardoso‐Gil Raul , Schnelle Walter , Bobnar Matej , Schwarz Ulrich
Published: June 2016

The metastable (at 25 °C) high‐temperature phase of BaGe3 (tetragonal CaGe3‐type structure, space group I4/mmm, Z = 8, powder XRD) is obtained by hot press sintering of arc melted precursor samples using 1% Ba excess for loss compensation (multi anvil press, 15 GPa, 1300 K).
ChemInform Abstract: Strong Infrared NLO Tellurides with Multifunction: CsXII4In5Te12 (XII: Mn, Zn, Cd).
Authors: Lin Hua , Liu Yi , Zhou Liu‐Jiang , Zhao Hua‐Jun , Chen Ling
Published: June 2016

CsMII4In5Te12 (MII: Mn (I), Zn (II), Cd (III)) are prepared by solid state reactions of CsCl, Zn or Cd, In, and Te in the molar ratio 5:4:5:12 (evacuated silica tubes,1223 K, 4 d; cooling to 473 K at a rate of 5 K/h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Properties of the Alluaudite‐Type Vanadates Ag2‐xNaxMn2Fe(VO4)3.
Authors: Ben Yahia Hamdi , Shikano Masahiro , Tabuchi Mitsuharu , Belharouak Ilias
Published: June 2016

Ag2‐xNaxMn2Fe(VO4)3 (x = 0, 5/4, 2) solid solution are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of Ag2O, Na2CO3, MnO, Fe2O3, and V2O5 under Ar (600 °C, 100 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Physical Properties of a New Boride Ga2Ni21B20 with a Modified Zn2Ni21B20‐Type Structure.
Authors: Zheng Qiang , Gumeniuk Roman , Schnelle Walter , Prots Yurii , Burkhardt Ulrich , Leithe‐Jasper Andreas
Published: June 2016

Ga2Ni21B20 is prepared by both arc melting of the elements (10 wt% excess Ga) and by arc melting of B and Ni foil followed by reaction with Ga (Al2O3 crucible, ≈1300 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Oxysulfenylation of Enolates with Sodium Sulfinates: A Strategy to Construct Sulfenylated Cyclic Ethers.
Authors: Gao Yinglan , Gao Yang , Tang Xiaodong , Peng Jianwen , Hu Miao , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: June 2016

The Cu‐catalyzed reaction of enols (I), (VII), and (IX) with sodium sulfinates (II) in the presence of DMF as reducing agent and solvent gives rise to cyclic ethers (III), (VIII), and (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Generation of Aryl Radicals Through Reduction of Hypervalent Iodine(III) Compounds with TEMPONa: Radical Alkene Oxyarylation.
Authors: Hartmann Marcel , Li Yi , Mueck‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Studer Armido
Published: June 2016

A novel method for selective generation of aryl radicals from diaryliodonium salts and iodanylidene malonates with TEMPO—Na as a single‐electron transfer (SET) reducing reagent is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu‐Catalyzed C—H Trifluoromethylation of 3‐Arylprop‐1‐ynes for the Selective Construction of Allenic Csp2—CF3 and Propargyl Csp3—CF3 Bonds.
Authors: Ji Yun‐Long , Luo Jia‐Jia , Lin Jin‐Hong , Xiao Ji‐Chang , Gu Yu‐Cheng
Published: June 2016

The selectivity of the formation of allenic Csp2—CF3 and propargyl Csp3—CF3 bonds is controlled by modifying the reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Triazoles, N‐Fused 1,2,4‐Triazoles and 1,2,4‐Oxadiazoles via Molybdenum Hexacarbonyl‐Mediated Carbonylation of Aryl Iodides.
Authors: Nakka Mangarao , Tadikonda Ramu , Nakka Srinivas , Vidavalur Siddaiah
Published: June 2016

Molybdenum hexacarbonyl is used as a convenient and reliable solid source of carbon monoxide allowing for preparation of the title compound without gaseous CO and Pd‐catalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Novel Chiral Dirhodium(II) Carboxylate Complexes for Asymmetric Cyclopropanation Reactions.
Authors: Adly Frady G. , Gardiner Michael G. , Ghanem Ashraf
Published: June 2016

A novel approach to the design of dirhodium(II) tetracarboxylates derived from (S)‐amino acid ligands is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel(II) Complex Covalently Anchored on Core Shell Structured SiO2@Fe3O4 Nanoparticles: A Robust and Magnetically Retrievable Catalyst for Direct One‐Pot Reductive Amination of Ketones.
Authors: Sharma Rakesh Kumar , Dutta Sriparna , Sharma Shivani
Published: June 2016

The new title catalyst is prepared and used for the one‐pot reductive amination of ketones affording a diverse range of secondary amines in predominantly excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Multicomponent Synthesis of 2,4,6‐Trisubstituted Phenols from Fischer Alkynyl Carbene Complexes.
Authors: Lopez Julio , de la Cruz Fabiola N. , Flores‐Conde Maria Ines , Flores‐Alamo Marcos , Delgado Francisco , Tamariz Joaquin , Vazquez Miguel A.
Published: June 2016

The Fischer alkynyl carbenes react with terminal alkynes to give phenolic products in a cascade process via cycloaddition of alkynylethoxy carbene complexes with pentamethylcyclopentadiene, treatment with terminal alkynes to form functionalized cyclohexadienones regioselectively, reduction to tricyclic alcohols and retro‐Diels—Alder reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrasound‐Assisted Synthesis of Substituted Guanidines from Thioureas.
Authors: Pattarawarapan Mookda , Jaita Subin , Wangngae Sirilak , Phakhodee Wong
Published: June 2016

The simple and economic reaction mediated by inexpensive and easy to handle 2,4,6‐trichloro‐1,3,5‐triazine (TCT) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Efficient Pd(PPh3)4‐Catalyzed Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Method for the Preparation of 2‐Nitrobiphenyls from 1‐Chloro‐2‐nitrobenzenes and Phenylboronic Acids.
Authors: Elumalai Vijayaragavan , Sandtorv Alexander H. , Bjoersvik Hans‐Rene
Published: June 2016

A general method for preparation of highly substituted and congested 2‐nitrobiaryls is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Organoboron Reagents to Common Enones Using Copper Catalysts.
Authors: Wu Chunlin , Yue Guizhou , Nielsen Christian Duc‐Trieu , Xu Kai , Hirao Hajime , Zhou Jianrong
Published: June 2016

Copper catalysts ligated by phosphoramidites are utilized for the asymmetric addition of organoborons to a wide range of enones.
ChemInform Abstract: Formal [4 + 1] Cycloadditions of β,β‐Diaryl‐Substituted ortho‐(Alkynyl)styrenes Through Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization Reactions.
Authors: Sanjuan Ana M. , Virumbrales Cintia , Garcia‐Garcia Patricia , Fernandez‐Rodriguez Manuel A. , Sanz Roberto
Published: June 2016

Depending on the reaction temperature the title reaction affords either dihydroindeno[2,1‐a]indenes (80°C) or benzofulvenes (0°C) in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of α‐Cyano Epoxides by a Tandem‐Knoevenagel—Epoxidation Reaction.
Authors: Yang Fengjuan , Zhang Xiaowen , Li Fengxi , Wang Zhi , Wang Lei
Published: June 2016

A green and convenient route towards α‐cyano epoxides is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Microwave‐Assisted Multicomponent Protocol for the Synthesis of Benzofuran‐2‐carboxamides.
Authors: Vincetti Paolo , Brianza Anna , Scalacci Nicolo , Costantino Gabriele , Castagnolo Daniele , Radi Marco
Published: June 2016

A practical, versatile, fast, and transition metal‐free microwave‐assisted multicomponent procedure to synthesize the title compounds starting from commercially available and cheap building blocks is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiodivergent Enantioselective γ‐Additions of Oxazolones to 2,3‐Butadienoates Catalyzed by Phosphines: Synthesis of α,α‐Disubstituted α‐Amino Acids and N,O‐Acetal Derivatives.
Authors: Wang Tianli , Yu Zhaoyuan , Hoon Ding Long , Phee Claire Yan , Lan Yu , Lu Yixin
Published: June 2016

Regiodivergent enantioselective C‐2‐ and C‐4‐selective γ‐additions of oxazolones to 2,3‐butadienoates catalyzed by chiral phosphines are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of Imine 1,2,3‐Triazoles.
Authors: Souza Frederico B. , Pimenta Daniel C. , Stefani Helio A.
Published: June 2016

Imines, generated in situ from α‐thioaldehydes and propargylamine, undergo cycloaddition reactions with azides to afford novel triazole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: PBr3‐Mediated Unexpected Reductive Deoxygenation of α‐Aryl‐pyridinemethanols: Synthesis of Arylmethylpyridines.
Authors: Nishigaya Yosuke , Umei Kentaro , Watanabe Daisuke , Kohno Yasushi , Seto Shigeki
Published: June 2016

In an attempt to substitute the hydroxy group in the title compounds by a bromine, a direct reductive deoxygenation takes place to produce the desired final target compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Quinoline Derivatives via Tandem Knoevenagel Condensation, Amination and Cyclization.
Authors: Dhiman Shiv , Saini Hitesh Kumar , Nandwana Nitesh Kumar , Kumar Dalip , Kumar Anil
Published: June 2016

Knoevenagel condensation of 2‐bromobenzaldehydes with active methylene nitriles followed by copper‐catalyzed reductive amination and intramolecular cyclization affords 2‐aminoquinolines and 2‐arylquinoline‐3‐carbonitriles regioselectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Heteroacenes Bearing the Pyrimidine Scaffold: Synthesis, Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties.
Authors: Verbitskiy Egor V. , et al.
Published: June 2016

A convenient route towards heteroacenes, interesting for use in organic electronic applications, is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Pyrimido[1,2‐b]indazoles via 6‐endo‐Dig Cyclization.
Authors: Palaniraja Jeyakannu , Roopan Selvaraj Mohana , Rayalu G. Mokesh
Published: June 2016

A three‐component coupling reaction of 1H‐indazol‐3‐amine, aromatic aldehydes, and alkynes affords pyrimidoindazoles through 6‐endo‐dig cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of Quinazolinone‐/Phenanthridine‐Fused Heteropolycycles by Pd‐Catalyzed Direct Intramolecular Aerobic Oxidative C—H Amination from Aromatic Strained Amides.
Authors: Banerji Biswadip , Bera Suvankar , Chatterjee Satadru , Killi Sunil Kumar , Adhikary Saswati
Published: June 2016

Under the reaction conditions only linear fused isomers are obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Series of γ‐Keto Allyl Phosphonates.
Authors: Elleuch Haitham , Ayadi Marwa , Bouajila Jalloul , Rezgui Farhat
Published: June 2016

Cyclic Morita—Baylis—Hillman acetates are rapidly transformed into the corresponding γ‐keto allyl phosphonates by allylic nucleophilic substitution.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Free Direct Synthesis of Alkynylphosphonates from Alkynes and H‐Phosphonates Catalyzed by Cu2O.
Authors: Moglie Yanina , Mascaro Evangelina , Gutierrez Victoria , Alonso Francisco , Radivoy Gabriel
Published: June 2016

The simple and mild protocol tolerates a wide variety of functional groups on the parent alkynes and can be run on gram scale.
ChemInform Abstract: New Cytotoxic Neo‐Clerodane Diterpenoids from Scutellaria strigillosa.
Authors: Dai Sheng‐Jun , Zhang Lei , Xiao Kai , Han Qing‐Tong
Published: June 2016

Three new neo‐clerodane diterpenoids, named scutestrigillosins A (I), B (II), and C (III), are isolated from the whole plant of Scutellaria strigillosa.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Total Synthesis of (+)‐Asperazine, (+)‐Pestalazine A, and (+)‐iso‐Pestalazine A. Structure Revision of (+)‐Pestalazine A.
Authors: Loach Richard P. , Fenton Owen S. , Movassaghi Mohammad
Published: June 2016

The enantioselective total syntheses of (+)‐asperazine (Ia), (+)‐iso‐pestalazine A (Ib), and (+)‐pestalazine A (Ic) are completed in 11 steps from commercial N‐Boc‐L‐tryptophan methyl ester, in overall yields 6.8%, 8.0% and 4.8%, resp.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Sacrolide A by Following a Nozaki—Hiyama—Kishi Macrocyclization Strategy.
Authors: Jena Bighnanshu K. , Reddy Aedula Vishnu V. , Mohapatra Debendra K.
Published: June 2016

The title compound is obtained through a Jacobsen hydrolytic kinetic resolution, Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, Yamaguchi esterification, and intramolecular Nozaki—Hiyama—Kishi (NHK) macrocyclization as key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in Cathode Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Complex Oxides Without Alkaline Earth Metal Elements
Authors: Chen Yubo , Zhou Wei , Ding Dong , Liu Meilin , Ciucci Francesco , Tade Moses , Shao Zongping
Published: June 2016

Review: 469 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: LiMnPO4: Review on Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Herrera Joel O. , Camacho‐Montes Hector , Fuentes Luis E. , Alvarez‐Contreras Lorena
Published: June 2016

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Isocyanide Based [4 + 1] Cycloaddition Reactions: An Indispensable Tool in Multi‐Component Reactions (MCRs)
Authors: Kaur Tanpreet , Wadhwa Preeti , Bagchi Sourav , Sharma Anuj
Published: June 2016

Review: [73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Synthesis of Peptides within the Insulin Superfamily
Authors: Liu Fa , Zaykov Alexander N. , Levy Jay J. , Di Marchi Richard D. , Mayer John P.
Published: June 2016

Review: 108 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Shape Engineering of Oxide Nanoparticles for Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Zhou Yan , Li Yong , Shen Wenjie
Published: June 2016

Review: 174 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Selected Applications of N‐Protected (S)‐2‐(Diazoacetyl)pyrrolidines (Microreview)
Authors: Pipiak Paulina , Mloston Grzegorz
Published: June 2016

Review: [18 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5,6‐Dihydro‐2H‐pyran‐2‐ones (Microreview)
Authors: Eskandari Khalil , Rafieian‐Kopaei Mahmoud
Published: June 2016

Review: [19 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Targeting Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Chellat Mathieu F. , Raguz Luka , Riedl Rainer
Published: June 2016

Review: 203 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: State of Affairs: Design and Structure—Activity Relationships of Reversible P2Y12 Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Zetterberg Fredrik , Svensson Peder
Published: June 2016

Review: 89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Review on Shale Gas Produced Water Chemical Characteristics and Treatment Techniques
Authors: Yuan Tao , Lu Ping , Feng Qiyan , Li Jing
Published: June 2016

Review: 3 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: CO2 Conversion by Reverse Water Gas Shift Catalysis: Comparison of Catalysts, Mechanisms and Their Consequences for CO2 Conversion to Liquid Fuels
Authors: Daza Yolanda A. , Kuhn John N.
Published: June 2016

Review: 170 refs.
How do you write and present research well? 16—Target an audience and promote
Authors: Patience Gregory S. , Boffito Daria C. , Patience Paul A.
Published: June 2016

Web of ScienceTM Core Collection[1] (WoS), Google Scholar[2] (GS) and Scopus are citation databases that index all sorts of publications. At the end of 2014, WoS indexed 39 million documents including scientific articles (23 million), papers in proceedings (6 million), meeting abstracts (4 million), book reviews (2 million), and editorials, letters, reviews, and news (4 million). What percentage of the scientific articles (in WoS) have been cited at least once?[3]

more than 90 %

between 80 % and 90 %

between 50 % and 80 %

less than 50 %
Specialist pollinators deplete pollen in the spring ephemeral wildflower Claytonia virginica
Authors: Parker Alison J. , Williams Neal M. , Thomson James D.
Published: June 2016

Pollinators that collect pollen – and specifically, pollen‐specialist bees – are often considered to be the best pollinators of a (host) plant. Although pollen collectors and pollen specialists often benefit host plants, especially in the pollen that they deliver (their pollination “effectiveness”), they can also exact substantial costs because they are motivated to collect as much pollen as possible, reducing the proportion of pollen removed that is subsequently delivered to stigmas (their pollination “efficiency”). From the plant perspective, pollen grains that do not pollinate conspecific stigmas are “wasted”, and potentially costly. We measured costs and benefits of nectar‐collecting, pollen‐collecting, and pollen‐specialist pollinator visitation to the spring ephemeral Claytonia virginica. Visits by the pollen‐specialist bee Andrena erigeniae depleted pollen quickly and thoroughly. Although all pollinators delivered roughly the same number of grains, the pollen specialist contributed most to C. virginica pollen delivery because of high visitation rates. However, the pollen specialist also removed a large number of grains; this removal may be especially costly because it resulted in the depletion of pollen grains in C. virginica populations. While C. virginica appears to rely on pollen transfer by the pollen specialist in these populations, nectar‐collecting visitors could provide the same benefit at a lower cost if their visitation rates increased. Pollen depletion affects a pollinator's value to plants, but is frequently overlooked. If they lower the effectiveness of future floral visitors, visits by A. erigeniae females to C. virginica may be more detrimental than beneficial compared to other pollinators and may, in some circumstances, reduce plant fitness rather than increase it. Therefore, A. erigeniae and C. virginica may vary in their degree of mutualism depending on the ecological context.
Facing environmental predictability with different sources of epigenetic variation
Authors: Leung Christelle , Breton Sophie , Angers Bernard
Published: June 2016

Different sources of epigenetic changes can increase the range of phenotypic options. Environmentally induced epigenetic changes and stochastic epimutations are, respectively, associated with phenotypic plasticity and diversifying bet‐hedging. Their relative contribution is thus expected to reflect the capacity of a genotype to face distinct changes since these strategies are differentially selected according to environmental uncertainty. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the sources of epigenetic changes on clonal fish from predictable (lakes) or unpredictable (intermittent streams) environments.DNAmethylation of clones from natural conditions revealed contrasting contribution of environmentally induced versus stochastic changes according to their origins. These differences were validated in common garden experiments. Consistent with theoretical models, distinct sources of epigenetic variation prevail according to the environmental uncertainty. However, both sources act conjointly, suggesting that plasticity and random processes are complementary strategies. This represents a rigorous approach for further exploring the capacity of organisms to respond to environmental conditions.
Targeted loss of SHP1 in murine thymocytes dampens TCR signaling late in selection
Authors: Martinez Ryan J. , Morris Anna B. , Neeld Dennis K. , Evavold Brian D.
Published: June 2016

SHP1 is a tyrosine phosphatase critical to proximal regulation of TCR signaling. Here, analysis of CD4‐Cre SHP1fl/fl conditional knockout thymocytes using CD53, TCRβ, CD69, CD4, and CD8α expression demonstrates the importance of SHP1 in the survival of post selection (CD53+), single‐positive thymocytes. Using Ca2+ flux to assess the intensity of TCR signaling demonstrated that SHP1 dampens the signal strength of these same mature, postselection thymocytes. Consistent with its dampening effect, TCR signal strength was also probed functionally using peptides that can mediate selection of the OT‐I TCR, to reveal increased negative selection mediated by lower‐affinity ligand in the absence of SHP1. Our data show that SHP1 is required for the survival of mature thymocytes and the generation of the functional T‐cell repertoire, as its absence leads to a reduction in the numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ naïve T cells in the peripheral lymphoid compartments.
Syntheses, Structure Elucidation, and Characterization of the Borate‐Nitrates RE[B5O8(OH)(H2O)x]NO3·2H2O [RE = Nd (x = 0.85), Sm (x = 0)]
Authors: Ortner Teresa S. , Wurst Klaus , Joachim Bastian , Huppertz Hubert
Published: June 2016

The rare‐earth borate‐nitrates Nd[B5O8(OH)(H2O)0.85]NO3·2H2O and Sm[B5O8(OH)]NO3·2H2O have been prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. Both structures crystallize monoclinically in the space group P21/n (no. 14) with a = 642.85(2), b = 1552.58(4), c = 1070.52(2) pm, β = 90.39(1)°, and V = 1068.44(5) nm3 for the neodymium compound, and a = 644.09(3), b = 1541.99(8), c = 1050.97(5) pm, β = 90.33(1)°, and V = 1043.79(9) nm3 for the samarium variant. These compounds represent defect structures of Ce[B5O8(OH)(H2O)]NO3·2H2O. In addition to powder and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, the two novel borate‐nitrates were characterized by IR and Raman spectroscopy.
Attentional bias modification for acute experimental pain: A randomized controlled trial of retraining early versus later attention on pain severity, threshold and tolerance
Authors: Bowler J.O. , Bartholomew K.J. , Kellar I. , Mackintosh B. , Hoppitt L. , Bayliss A.P.
Published: June 2016

Background

Noxious attentional bias is thought to confer vulnerability to pain, suggesting that modifying the bias could reduce pain outcomes. Herein is presented a randomized controlled trial to test the effects of retraining the dot probe attentional bias at short versus long stimulus durations towards neutral stimuli, and away from threat stimuli, on acute pain experience, in comparison with a placebo control group.

Methods

Eighty‐one pain‐free volunteers, blinded to condition, were randomized to complete either one of two neutral bias modification programs in which words were presented for 500 ms (ABM‐500;n = 28) or 1250 ms (ABM‐1250;n = 26), or to a sham training program that included both stimulus durations (ABM‐Placebo;n = 27). Testing took place in a university laboratory. At post‐training, participants completed the pain‐inducing ‘cold pressor task’, and measures of pain severity, threshold and tolerance were taken. Attentional bias was also measured at pre‐ and post‐training.

Results

Findings indicated thatABM‐500 reliably increased pain threshold and tolerance, in comparison with the control group. In contrast,ABM‐1250 did not affect any of the pain outcomes. ExpectedABMeffects on attentional bias were not evident at the group level, but neverthelessABM‐500 bias reduction was significantly associated with increased pain tolerance.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that retraining attention at short stimulus exposure durations is relatively more efficacious in promoting transfer of attentional retraining effects to real‐world acute pain stressors, in comparison with both the longer stimulus duration andABM‐Placebo.

Significance

Testing of the impact of modifying maintained attentional bias on vulnerability to an acute pain stressor.

Findings suggested that retraining rapid attentional bias using short exposure durations conferred greater analgesic benefit, in comparison with both the slower bias and sham‐training.
Muscular mechanical hyperalgesia after lengthening contractions in rats depends on stretch velocity and range of motion
Authors: Hayashi K. , Katanosaka K. , Abe M. , Yamanaka A. , Nosaka K. , Mizumura K. , Taguchi T.
Published: June 2016

Background

The current study investigated stretch variables and mechanical factors of lengthening contractions (LC) in the processes leading to muscular mechanical hyperalgesia in rats to understand mechanisms underpinning delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS).

Methods

Under isoflurane anaesthesia, ankle extensor muscles were loaded with repetitive LC with angular stretch velocities (50°, 100°, 200° and 400°/s) at a fixed range of motion (ROM) of 90°, and with ROMs (30°, 60°, 90° and 120°) at a fixed velocity of 200°/s.

Results

Mechanical hyperalgesia was observed in a velocity‐ and ROM‐dependent manner. Under the fixed ROM, integrated torque generated during LC (iTq[max]) was inversely correlated with the velocity, but the rate of torque increase during LC (rTq[max]) was positively and significantly correlated with the velocity, and the magnitude of hyperalgesia was correlated with rTq[max] (p < 0.001). When the velocity was fixed, iTq[max] was significantly correlated with ROM, and the magnitude of hyperalgesia was correlated with iTq[max] (p < 0.01). Necrotic myofibres were observed only sparsely (<0.8%) after any of the LC protocols tested. Up‐regulation of nerve growth factor and glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor mRNA in the muscle was positively correlated with the increases in the LC velocity and ROM (p < 0.05~0.001).

Conclusions

Both velocity and ROM are pivotal variables determining the initiation of mechanical hyperalgesia. Neurotrophic factor‐mediated peripheral mechanisms, but apparently not inflammatory changes caused by myofibre damage, are responsible for the mechanical hyperalgesia.

Significance

Mechanical hyperalgesia appears after LC in a stretch velocity‐ and range of motion‐dependent manner. The rate of torque increase and integrated torque are the crucial factors. Neurotrophic factor‐mediated peripheral pain mechanisms without robust inflammatory changes caused by myofibre damage were required for this mechanical hyperalgesia.
Sensitivity analysis applied to a variational data assimilation of a simulated pollution transport problem
Authors: Le Dimet F.‐X. , Souopgui I. , Ngodock H. E.
Published: June 2016

Understanding the impact of the changes in pollutant emission from a foreign region onto a target region is a key factor for taking appropriate mitigating actions. This requires a sensitivity analysis of a response function (defined on the target region) with respect to the source(s) of pollutant(s). The basic and straightforward approach to sensitivity analysis consists of multiple simulations of the pollution transport model with variations of the parameters that define the source of the pollutant. A more systematic approach uses the adjoint of the pollution transport model derived from applying the principle of variations. Both approaches assume that the transport velocity and the initial distribution of the pollutant are known. However, when observations of both the velocity and concentration fields are available, the transport velocity and the initial distribution of the pollutant are given by the solution of a data assimilation problem. As a consequence, the sensitivity analysis should be carried out on the optimality system of the data assimilation problem, and not on the direct model alone. This leads to a sensitivity analysis that involves the second‐order adjoint model, which is presented in the present work. It is especially shown theoretically and with numerical experiments that the sensitivity on the optimality system includes important terms that are ignored by the sensitivity on the direct model. The latter shows only the direct effects of the variation of the source on the response function while the first shows the indirect effects in addition to the direct effects. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geologic carbon sequestration injection wells in overpressured storage reservoirs: estimating area of review
Authors: Oldenburg Curtis M. , Cihan Abdullah , Zhou Quanlin , Fairweather Stacey , Spangler Lee H.
Published: June 2016

The Area of Review (AoR) under the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Class VI CO2 injection permit is defined as the region surrounding the geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) project where underground sources of drinking water (USDWs) may be endangered. Estimation of the AoR is based on the calculated reservoir pressurization due to CO2 injection and the associated potential to lift saline water into potable groundwater aquifers through open flow paths (e.g. wells) assuming the system is hydrostatic. In cases where the storage reservoirs are not initially hydrostatic, and in particular where they are overpressured, AoR estimation methods need to be altered. In this paper, we present and apply an approach to evaluating potential endangerment of USDW based on comparing brine leakage through a hypothetical open flow path in a no‐injection scenario and brine leakage in a CO2‐injection scenario. We present six possible ways to normalize injection‐related leakage relative to no‐injection leakage. We calculate leakage using semi‐analytical solutions for single‐phase flow and model reservoir pressurization and flow up (single) leaky wells located progressively farther from the injection well. For an example case of relative overpressure and using an injection‐rate‐based approach, results show 50‒60% larger open‐well‐leakage rates for wells located at 2 km and 10% increase for wells located at 10 km from the injection well relative to the no‐injection case. If total brine leakage is considered, the results depend strongly on the assumed pre‐injection to post‐injection time frames and on the methods of normalization used to calculate incremental leakage. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
In vivo delineation of subdivisions of the human amygdaloid complex in a high‐resolution group template
Authors: Tyszka J. Michael , Pauli Wolfgang M.
Published: June 2016

The nuclei of the human amygdala remain difficult to distinguish in individual subject structural magnetic resonance images. However, interpretation of the amygdala's role in whole brain networks requires accurate localization of functional activity to a particular nucleus or subgroup of nuclei. To address this, high spatial resolution, three‐dimensional templates, using joint high accuracy diffeomorphic registration of T1‐ and T2‐weighted structural images from 168 typical adults between 22 and 35 years old released by the Human Connectome Project were constructed. Several internuclear boundaries are clearly visible in these templates, which would otherwise be impossible to delineate in individual subject data. A probabilistic atlas of major nuclei and nuclear groups was constructed in this template space and mapped back to individual spaces by inversion of the individual diffeomorphisms. Group level analyses revealed a slight (∼2%) bias toward larger total amygdala and nuclear volumes in the right hemisphere. No substantial sex or age differences were found in amygdala volumes normalized to total intracranial volume, or subdivision volumes normalized to amygdala volume. The current delineation provides a finer parcellation of the amygdala with more accurate external boundary definition than current histology‐based atlases when used in conjunction with high accuracy registration methods, such as diffeomorphic warping. These templates and delineation are intended to be an open and evolving resource for future functional and structural imaging studies of the human amygdala.Hum Brain Mapp 37:3979–3998, 2016. ©2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Indolent T‐ and NK‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders of the gastrointestinal tract: a review and update
Authors: Matnani Rahul , Ganapathi Karthik A. , Lewis Suzanne K. , Green Peter H. , Alobeid Bachir , Bhagat Govind
Published: June 2016

Primary gastrointestinal (GI) T‐ and NK‐cell lymphomas are usually aggressive neoplasms associated with high morbidity and mortality. Over the past two decades, however, cases of primary GI lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) or lymphomas of T‐ or NK‐cell derivation with indolent behavior have been reported. These LPDs are rare and they can be challenging to diagnose as they share clinical and pathological features with both, inflammatory disorders and aggressive T‐ and NK‐cell lymphomas. Primary, indolent clonal T‐cell proliferations of the GI tract, which can be CD4+, CD8+ or CD4− CD8−, have been included as a provisional entity in the newly revised World Health Organization (WHO) classification of lymphoid neoplasms and designated ‘indolent T‐cell LPD of the GI tract’. It is currently unclear whether the indolent NK‐cell LPDs represent reactive or neoplastic proliferations. In this review, we describe the clinical, morphologic, immunophenotypic and genetic features of indolent GI T‐ and NK‐cell LPDs and provide guidance in differentiating them from other inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. We believe that greater awareness of these LPDs amongst physicians and the research community will lead to timely and accurate diagnoses, stimulate investigations into the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying different entities thereby enhancing our understanding of disease biology and enable the development of effective therapeutic regimens. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Response to 5‐azacytidine in a patient with TET2‐mutated angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma and chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia preceded by an EBV‐positive large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Saillard Colombe , Guermouche Helene , Derrieux Coralie , Bruneau Julie , Frenzel Laurent , Couronne Lucile , Asnafi Vahid , Macintyre Elizabeth , Trinquand Amélie , Lhermitte Ludovic , Molina Thierry , Suarez Felipe , Lemonnier Francois , Kosmider Olivier , Delarue Richard , Hermine Olivier , Cheminant Morgane
Published: June 2016

We report the case of a patient with a history of Epstein–Barr virus‐positive large B‐cell lymphoma, who relapsed with an angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (AITL) associated with a chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML). We performed targeted next‐generation sequencing on CMML and AITL DNA, which revealed mutations of TET2, DNMT3A, SRSF2, NRAS and IDH1, thus confirming that the spectrum of AITL mutations share similarities with myeloid disorders. The frequencies of TET2/DNMT3A and SRSF2 variants could support the hypothesis that TET2/DNMT3A mutations occurred in an early progenitor cell, which later progressed to both the AITL and CMML clones. Treatment with 5‐azacytidine led to the complete remission of both diseases. Thus, targeting DNA methylation abnormalities in AITL may be an alternative strategy to chemotherapy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dipole and quadrupole polarizabilities of the water molecule as a function of geometry
Authors: Loboda Oleksandr , Ingrosso Francesca , Ruiz‐López Manuel F. , Reis Heribert , Millot Claude
Published: June 2016

Dipolar, dipole–quadrupole and quadrupole–quadrupole static polarizabilities of the water molecule have been determined by ab initio calculations at coupled cluster level of theory with single, double and perturbative triple excitations CCSD(T) with an aug‐cc‐pVTZ basis set using a finite field and field‐gradient method. The geometry dependence of polarizability tensor components has been explored and modeled by power series expansion in bond length and angle variations up to sum of powers equal to 4. The results provide a very detailed description of the static polarizability of water up to quadrupolar rank which can be used for the test and development of novel accurate polarizable interaction potentials for modeling aqueous solutions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Andes Cordillera. Part I: snow distribution, properties, and trends (1979–2014)
Authors: Mernild Sebastian H. , Liston Glen E. , Hiemstra Christopher A. , Malmros Jeppe K. , Yde Jacob C. , McPhee James
Published: June 2016

Snow cover presence, duration, properties, and water amount play a major role in Earth's climate system through its impact on the surface energy budget. Snow cover conditions and trends (1979–2014) were simulated for South America – for the entire Andes Cordillera. Recent data sets and SnowModel developments allow relatively high‐resolutions of 3‐h time step and 4‐km horizontal grid increment for this domain. US Geological Survey's Global Multi‐resolution Terrain Elevation Data 2010 topography, Global Land Cover (GlobCover), Randolph Glacier Inventory (v. 4.0) glacier, and NASA modern‐era retrospective analysis for research and applications data sets were used to simulate first‐order atmospheric forcing (e.g. near‐surface air temperature and precipitation, including the fraction of precipitation falling as snow) and terrestrial snow characteristics (e.g. snow cover days, snow water equivalent depth, and snow density). Simulated snow conditions were verified against moderate‐resolution imaging spectroradiometer‐derived snow cover extent and 3064 individual direct observations of snow depths. Regional variability in mean annual air temperature occurred: positive trends in general were seen in the high Andes Cordillera, and negative trends at relatively lower elevations both east and west of the Cordillera. Snow precipitation showed more heterogeneous patterns than air temperature due to the influence from atmospheric conditions, topography, and orography. Overall, for the Cordillera, much of the area north of 23°S had a decrease in the number of snow cover days, while the southern half experienced the opposite. The snow cover extent changed ∼−15% during the simulation period, mostly between the elevations of ∼3000 and 5000 m above sea level (a.s.l.). However, below 1000 m a.s.l. (in Patagonia) the snow cover extent increased. The snow properties varied over short distances both along and across the Andes Cordillera.
Raman spectroscopy in experimental oral carcinogenesis: investigation of abnormal changes in control tissues
Authors: Kumar Piyush , Bhattacharjee Tanmoy , Pandey Manishkumar , Hole Arti , Ingle Arvind , Murali Krishna C.
Published: June 2016

Oral cancer is a major cause of mortality in South Asian men owing to rampant tobacco abuse. Cancers are also reported in non‐tobacco habitués, especially women, attributed to chronic irritations from irregular/sharp teeth, improper fillings, and poorly fit dentures. Conventional screening approaches are shown to be effective for high‐risk groups (tobacco/alcohol habitués). Raman spectroscopy (RS) is being extensively explored as an alternate/adjunct tool for diagnosis and management of oral cancers. In a previous Raman study on sequential oral carcinogenesis using hamster buccal pouch model, misclassifications between spectra from control and carcinogen [7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)]‐treated tissues were observed. Histopathology of some control tissues suggested pathological changes, attributable to repeated forceps‐induced irritations/trauma during animal handling. To explore these changes, in the present study, we recorded spectra from three different types of controls – vehicle control (n = 45), vehicle contralateral (n = 45), and DMBA contralateral (n = 70) – exposed to varying degree of forceps handling, along with DMBA‐treated pouches (n = 70) using a 14‐week carcinogenesis protocol. Spectra certified on the basis of histopathology and abnormal cell proliferation (cyclin D1 expression) were used to build models that were evaluated by independent test spectra from an exclusive set of DMBA‐treated and control animals. Many DMBA‐contralateral, vehicle‐control, and vehicle‐contralateral spectra were identified as higher pathologies, which subsequently corroborated with histopathology/cyclin D1 expression. Repeated forceps‐mediated injuries/irritations, during painting and animal handling, may elicit inflammatory responses, leading to neoplasm. The findings of the study suggest that RS could identify micro‐changes. Further, RS‐based in vivo imaging can serve as a promising label‐free tool for screening even in the non‐habitué population where conventional screening is shown to be not effective. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“Smart” molecularly imprinted monoliths for the selective capture and easy release of proteins
Authors: Wen Liyin , Tan Xinyi , Sun Qi , Svec Frantisek , Lv Yongqin
Published: June 2016

A new thermally switchable molecularly imprinted monolith for the selective capture and release of proteins has been designed. First, a generic poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith reacted with ethylenediamine followed by functionalization with 2‐bromoisobutyryl bromide to introduce the initiator for atom transfer radical polymerization. Subsequently, a protein‐imprinted poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) layer was grafted onto the surface of the monolithic matrix by atom transfer radical polymerization. Scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy of the cross‐sections of imprinted monoliths confirmed the formation of dense poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) brushes on the pore surface. The imprinted monolith exhibited high specificity and selectivity toward its template protein myoglobin over competing proteins and a remarkably large maximum adsorption capacity of 1641 mg/g. Moreover, this “smart” imprinted monolith featured thermally responsive characteristics that enabled selective capture and easy release of proteins triggered only by change in temperature with water as the mobile phase and avoided use of stronger organic solvents or change in ionic strength and pH.
Effect of nest location on gopher tortoise nest survival
Authors: Dziadzio Michelina C. , Smith Lora L. , Chandler Richard B. , Castleberry Steven B.
Published: June 2016

Gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) populations are declining range‐wide primarily because of habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation, but low recruitment due to nest predation also may be contributing to this decline. The relationship of nest location and nest survival is unknown. Therefore, our objective was to determine whether nest location influenced depredation risk and potential recruitment success. Between 30 May 2013 and 3 September 2014, we constructed and monitored 105 artificial gopher tortoise nests (45 in 2013 and 60 in 2014) with 35 nests at each of 3 classifications of nest sites: within active burrow aprons (i.e., the mound of sand at the burrow entrance), inactive burrow aprons, and open sandy sites. Using the artificial nests, we investigated the influence of nest site classification, distance to road, and prescribed fire frequency (<1 year and 1 year since burn) on gopher tortoise nest survival. Additionally, we monitored 21 natural nests at burrow aprons to assess predation patterns as compared to artificial nests. Seventy‐two (57%) of 126 nests were fully depredated during the study, and predation rates at artificial and natural nests were similar. We identified predators at 48 nests using trail cameras; the nine‐banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) was the primary nest predator (69%). Nests in open sandy areas away from burrows exhibited greater daily survival rates (DSR; 0.991 ± 0.005 SE) compared to nests in burrow aprons (active burrow aprons: 0.967 ± 0.018; inactive burrow aprons: 0.949 ± 0.027). Additionally, nests at locations burned the year of the study had a lower chance of survival (DSR: 0.959 ± 0.022) than nests at locations burned the previous year (DSR: 0.991 ± 0.005). Management practices that maintain open sandy areas (e.g., prescribed fire) away from burrows may increase tortoise nest survival. Fire return intervals of >1 year that are implemented frequently enough to maintain open sandy areas would be beneficial to nesting tortoises. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Stabilization of coupled systems of quadratic integral equations of Chandrasekhar type
Authors: Hashem H. H. G. , El‐Sayed A. M. A.
Published: June 2016

We present existence theorems for coupled system of quadratic integral equations of generalized Chandrasekhar type which has numerous application (cf.,,and). Also, the asymptotic stability of solutions will be considered.
Algorithm to compute abelian subalgebras and ideals in Malcev algebras
Authors: Ceballos M. , Núñez J. , Tenorio Á. F.
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we introduce an algorithmic procedure that computes abelian subalgebras and ideals of a given finite‐dimensional Malcev algebra. All the computations are performed by using the non‐zero brackets in the law of the algebra as input. Additionally, the algorithm also computes the α and β invariants of these algebras, and as a supporting output, a list of abelian ideals and subalgebras of maximal dimension is returned too. To implement this algorithm, we have used the symbolic computation package MAPLE 12, performing a brief computational and statistical study for it and its implementation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A regularity condition of strong solutions to the two‐dimensional equations of compressible nematic liquid crystal flows
Authors: Wang Teng
Published: June 2016

This paper is concerned with the short time strong solutions for Cauchy problem to a simplified Ericksen–Leslie system of compressible nematic liquid crystals in two dimensions with vacuum as far field density. We establish a blow‐up criterion for possible breakdown of such solutions at a finite time, which is analogous to the well‐known Serrin's blow‐up criterion for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New soliton hierarchies associated with the real Lie algebra
Authors: Zhu Shundong , Shen Shoufeng , Jin Yongyang , Li Chunxia , Ma Wen‐Xiu
Published: June 2016

We present some new matrix spectral problems, based on the real special orthogonal Lie algebra
, and construct corresponding soliton hierarchies by means of zero curvature equations associated with these spectral problems. With the aid of symbolic computation by Maple, new soliton hierarchies of Kaup–Newell type, Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur type and Wadati–Konno–Ichikawa type are obtained to illustrate the use of
. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Existence and global attractivity of almost periodic solutions for a delayed differential neoclassical growth model
Authors: Duan Lian , Huang Chuangxia
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we study a class of generalized differential neoclassical growth model with time‐varying delays, new criteria for the existence, and global attractivity of almost positive periodic solutions are established by using the theory of dichotomy and differential inequality techniques, together with constructing a suitable Lyapunov function. Finally, we present an example with numerical simulations to support the theoretical results. The obtained results are essentially new and complement previously known results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Infinitely many solutions for indefinite quasilinear Schrödinger equations under broken symmetry situations
Authors: Zhang Liang , Tang Xianhua , Chen Yi
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we study the existence of infinitely many solutions for the indefinite quasilinear Schrödinger equations

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma4030:mma4030-math-0002
where α≥2,
. When g(x,u) is only of locally superlinear growth at infinity in u and h(x,u) is not odd in u, the existence of infinitely many solutions is proved in spite of the lack of the symmetry of this problem by using dual approach and Bolle's perturbation method. Our results generalize some known results and are new even in the symmetric situation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subcritical perturbation of a locally periodic elliptic operator
Authors: Pettersson Klas
Published: June 2016

We consider a singularly perturbed Dirichlet spectral problem for an elliptic operator of second order. The coefficients of the operator are assumed to be locally periodic and oscillating in the scale ϵ. We describe the leading terms of the asymptotics of the eigenvalues and the eigenfunctions to the problem, as the parameter ϵ tends to zero, under structural assumptions on the potential. More precisely, we assume that the local average of the potential has a unique global minimum point in the interior of the domain and its Hessian is non‐degenerate at this point. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.