bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Punica Granatum (Pomegranate) in the Management of Oral Candidiasis – A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Gowda Gagana V. , Mamatha G. P , Usha V A , Thimmasetty J , Rajeshwari M R , Annigeri Rajeshwari G.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Oral candidiasis is an opportunistic fungal infection of the mucus membrane, where Candida albicans (C. albicans) is commonly responsible for the infection, especially in immune-compromised patients. Resistance of Candida species to antifungal drugs has led clinicians to pay more attention to alternative therapy. Punicalagin, isolated from pomegranate peel, was reported to be effective against C. albicans. This study compares the efficacy of Punica granatum peel extract gel 0.2% with topical clotrimazole in oral candidiasis.

Materials and Methods:

Forty-four oral candidiasis patients aged 20–67 years of either sex were enrolled. The swab samples from the oral lesion were collected for periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining, and a quantitative analysis of Candida species was carried out. They were randomly divided into two groups. Group I subjects were administered a topical application of P. granatum gel 0.2%. Group II subjects were administered clotrimazole 1%. Both medicaments were administered in the form of a topical gel thrice a day for 14 days. Follow-up was done on the 7th and 14th days.

Results:

Reduction in burning sensation measured with the mean visual analog scale (VAS) score was from 2.0238 to 1.3095 in group I and from 1.4783 to 0.8913 in group II. Reduction in the lesion size from baseline to post-treatment was from 1.652 to 0.781 in group I and from 0.939 to 0.439 in group II. Also, a reduction in candidal colony count from baseline to post-treatment was observed in both groups. The taste and tolerability of punicalagin were acceptable.

Conclusion:

P. granatum 0.2% is safe, well tolerated, and effective for oral candidiasis.
Efficacy of Curcumin in the Management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis - An Intervention Study
Authors: Namratha K , Shenoy Prashanth , Chatra Laxmikanth , Rao Prasanna Kumar , Prabhu Rachana V.
Published: March 2023

Background and Objective:

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), a chronic, inflammatory, and potentially malignant disorder of the oral cavity, has been linked to the chewing of arecanuts. Antioxidants and quitting habits ought to both be incorporated into OSMF therapeutic interventions regimens. Current study aimed to determine curcumin’s efficacy as an antioxidant in the management of OSMF.

Materials and Methods:

In this intervention study, 42 participants with OSMF were allocated into three groups. Group A received curcumin; group B received intralesional steroid injections; and group C received neither treatment (placebo group). For three months, groups A and B received twice-daily doses of 400 mg of curcumin each, while group C received twice-daily doses of placebo capsules. Group B also received biweekly intralesional steroid injections of 4 mg/ml of betamethasone. Data were analyzed using statistical tests.

Results:

After receiving interventions, group B patients showed clinically significant improvements in mouth opening. Both Group A and B reported a burning sensation reduction that was statistically significant. Statistically, greater improvement in mouth opening and a decrease in burning sensation were reported in group A.

Conclusion:

When employed as a combination therapy in the initial management of people with OSMF, curcumin can help patients with their clinical symptoms. Future research is recommended to use larger samples and longer treatment follow-up periods.
Post-Processing of Panoramic Radiographs
Authors: Sundar Shreenivas , Patil Karthikeya , Mahima V. G.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Panoramic radiography is a routinely advised extraoral radiograph in a dental practice due to its diverse implications in the field of oral and maxillofacial diagnosis. The visibility of normal structures in the panoramic radiographs is of paramount importance as their margins should be delineated clearly from pathological structures that will aid in the correct diagnosis and treatment planning.

Aims and Objective:

The study aimed to compare the subjective image quality of selected anatomical landmarks on CCD-based panoramic images with and without processing. The objective was to highlight the importance of processed images, which are frequent in day-to-day practice.

Materials and Methods:

The study comprised 60 subjects with a complete complement of permanent teeth excluding third molars. Selected subjects were clinically examined, and a digital panoramic examination was done. The radiograph obtained was assessed for the subjective image analysis based on the visibility of six major anatomical landmarks using a 3-point scale, and the overall image assessment was done using a 4-point scale. The data was tabulated for statistical analysis.

Results:

Digital panoramic radiographs with post-processing showed superior visibility with regard to the six anatomical landmarks as well as for overall image assessment which was found to be statistically significant (P <.05).

Conclusion:

Post-processing tools such as sharpening and gamma with sharpening were best to visualize anatomical landmarks.
Conservative Management of Central Giant Cell Granuloma - A Case Report
Authors: Joshi Samir , Koranne Vaishali , Pawar Sudhir , Pawar Prashant , Lakhani Kinjal , Salema Hamza
Published: March 2023

Surgical resection is the gold standard for an aggressive variant of central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) which causes permanent disfigurement, especially in young individuals. Therefore, the conservative line of treatment should be tried first. Jacoway and colleagues proposed that the intralesional administration of corticosteroids acts on the giant cells that have osteoclasts receptors present on their surface and thus, corticosteroids induce apoptosis, causing remission of the lesion. An 11-year girl reported non-tender bony swelling in the left mandibular region for 3 months. CBCT revealed a large lytic lesion from teeth 33 to 37 measuring about 4 cm × 4 cm approximately. A biopsy was done, which diagnosed the lesion as central giant cell granuloma. 10 mg/ml of triamcinolone acetonide intralesional injection per cm of the lesion was injected. The protocol of initially giving intralesional corticosteroid injections can be used as a first treatment option for the management of CGCG rather than going for an initial aggressive surgical approach.
Estimation of Age from Pulp Chamber Volume of First Molars and Second Premolars using CBCT in Central Indian Population
Authors: Sukhadeve Vidyarjan , Sathawane Ramhari , Lanjekar Ashish , Gaikwad Romita , Talatule Dhiran , Tayade Charwak
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

Teeth form a suitable parameter for age estimation as they disintegrate very slowly and are impervious to injuries. CBCT imaging not only allows observation of changes within teeth but permits observations of living specimens. Pulp chamber size may show a significant relationship with chronological age.

Aim:

To estimate the age from pulp chamber volume of first molars and second premolars using CBCT and compare it to the actual age.

Materials and Methods:

The current study comprised 115 subjects which were divided into four age groups. DICOM CBCT images were exported to ITK SNAP 3.8 software. Pulp chamber volumes were measured using voxel counting and image segmentation tools.

Results:

Molars predict the age with an accuracy of 55% and 52.1%, whereas premolars predict the age with an accuracy of 35% and 33.4% in males and females, respectively. Discriminant equations are derived for maxillary and mandibular molars and premolars irrespective of age groups, age-wise, and gender-wise groups for age estimation.

Conclusion:

Maxillary molars and mandibular premolars are found as strong predictors of age. CBCT imaging has proved as an excellent tool with precision and accuracy and is recommended for use in age estimation.
Evaluation and Management of Oral Complications in Oral Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy
Authors: Aggarwal Amrita , Yadav Satyapal , Jamdade Anshuman S. , Yadav Neeraj K. , Gupta Shashank , Sain Vishnu
Published: March 2023

Background:

Mucositis, xerostomia, dysgeusia, trismus, radiation caries, osteomyelitis, and osteoradionecrosis are a few examples of radiotherapy (RT) complications, eventually distressing the patient’s life.

Objectives:

To study the oral complications emerging due to RT and evaluate dental management of such complications before, during, and post-RT in oral cancer patients.

Methods:

Patients were evaluated on various parameters, which include the Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S), Periodontal Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), D – Decayed, M – Missing due to caries, F – Filled, T – permanent teeth (DMFT) Index, mucositis, xerostomia, dysgeusia, and interincisal distance before, during (10th session and last session), and 1 month after the last session of RT were evaluated and compared.

Statistical Analysis:

The following tests were applied: Chi-square test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, and standard deviation method.

Results:

P value <0.001 in OHI-S, PI, GI, DMFT index, mucositis, xerostomia, and dysgeusia, which is statistically significant. There was no difference found statistically in the interincisal distance.

Conclusions:

Oral healthcare team serves a vital role in preventing and managing short- and long-term complications of RT. There should be a mandatory prerequisite to visit an oral physician before, during, and after RT for supportive and palliative oral care.
To Determine Attitude, Comfortability and Challenges Faced by Undergraduate Dental Students During Online Classes
Authors: Arya Lavina , Sikka Neha , Arya Vishal , Prajapat Jyoti
Published: March 2023

Context:

Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic, the education system swiftly shifted to online mode.

Aims:

To understand the attitude, comfortability, challenges, and health issues faced by dental students during online classes.

Settings and Design:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among dental undergraduate students in Haryana.

Materials and Methods:

A self-designed questionnaire survey form having five sections and 28 questions was used.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The content validity index was 0.88. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for attitude was 0.844, and 0.905 for health issues. Descriptive statistics and frequency distribution were studied.

Results:

The response rate was 94.25%. Most students reported that they find it difficult to concentrate during online classes and strongly agreed that learning is better during offline classes. Practical classes were a bigger challenge in online mode.

Conclusions:

The majority of students preferred offline classes to online classes.
Knowledge and Application of CBCT Imaging amongst the Dental Interns - A Pan India Web-Based, Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Jamil Shaheen A. , Manohar Balaji , Vinay S. , Barman Diplina , Bhuvaneshwari S. , Swathi Velvaluri
Published: March 2023

Objective:

Evaluating the level of knowledge and applicative knowledge regarding Cone Beam Computer Tomography (CBCT) among interns from various dental institutes in the country.

Materials and Methods:

A Questionnaire with 15 close-ended questions was circulated to 2000 interns from various dental institutes across India. 1154 interns participated in the study. The response rate was 94.8%.

Results:

The majority of the interns (48.6%) gained knowledge regarding CBCT from lectures and faculty seminars while 15.3% through conferences. The maximum knowledge mean score was noted from the central zone (7.66 ± 3.8). Demographic variables did not show any signs of the impact of technical knowledge on the applicative knowledge of the study population.

Conclusion:

This study suggests CBCT be a definitive 3D imaging technology in the maxilla-facial region and awareness regarding the same needs to be increased. There is a need to include CBCT-based information in the undergraduate curriculum to improve knowledge levels.
Assessment of Articular Disc with MRI in Patients with Disc Displacement of Temporo-Mandibular Joint – MRI the Game Changer
Authors: Gavhane Suvarna R. , Kshar Avinash , Byakodi Raghavendra , Paranjpe Arati , Awale Sunil , Shete Manishkumar D.
Published: March 2023

Background:

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is considered a complex joint. Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a common cause of musculoskeletal pain. At least one TMD symptom is seen in 33% of the population and 3.6% to 7.0% of the population shows significant severity warranting treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is better for the evaluation of disc and adjacent soft-tissue structures compared to cone beam computed tomography. MRI allows articular disc assessment in open and closed mouth positions. MRI has 95% accuracy in the assessment of disc disorders and 93% accuracy for osseous changes.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was performed with a sample size of 21 patients as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. MRI findings were noted and compared with clinical findings.

Results:

As per our study, the most common age group is between 20 and 35 years. Of 42 TMJ, 41 joints show disc displacement changes and one TMJ was normal. Disc displacement with reduction is less than disc displacement without reduction. Left TMJ is more affected as disc displacement without reduction, as compared to the right side. Two TMJ were with posterior DD. Four TMJ shows anteromedial and 4 TMJ shows anterolateral DD. Six joints have a subluxation.

Conclusion:

In our study, we found that MRI in TMDs is more reliable and accurate for the diagnosis of DD.
The Degenerative Condylar Change in Temporomandibular Joint Disorder of Iraqi Population and their Variability Based on Clinical Diagnosis
Authors: Al-Ghurabi Zainab H. , Al-Hawa Zeena A.
Published: March 2023

Background:

As a multifactorial disorder, temporomandibular joint (TMD) is difficult to diagnose, and multiple factors affect the joint and cause the temporomandibular disorder. Standardization of clinical diagnosis of TMD should be used to reach a definite clinical diagnosis; the condylar bone may degenerate in accordance with these disorders.

Aims:

Evaluate the correlation between the clinical diagnosis and degenerative condylar change (flattening, sclerosis, erosion, and osteophyte).

Materials and Methods:

A prospective study with a study group of 97 TMD patients (total of 194 joints) aged 20 to 50. Patients were sent to cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to assess the degenerative condylar change.

Results:

No association was found between the clinical diagnosis of TMD with osteophyte and sclerosis. While there was a significant association was found between flattening and erosion and clinical diagnosis.

Conclusions:

Disc displacement with reduction was the most frequent TMDs. Erosion and flattening were the most frequent bone change found among the different subgroups of clinical diagnosis. Erosion was frequently seen in degenerative joint disease (DJD) with a significant association. While flattening was mostly found in disc displacement without reduction without limited mouth opening (DDwoR without limited) with a significant association.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Hyoid Bone Positioning in Temporomandibular Joint Management – A Pilot Study
Authors: Jose Renju , Sreenivasan Indu P. , Shanmugham Aravind M. , Nair Priya K. , Kumar Krishna S. , Ramachandran Anu
Published: March 2023

Background:

Hyoid bone plays an important role in craniomandibular functions through its unique interaction with other structures. The effects of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) on the craniocervical posture and position of hyoid bone were considered, although the results endure inconclusive.

Objective:

The objective is the comparison of the position of the hyoid bone in patients with the temporomandibular joint disorder of pre- and post-neuromuscular orthotics utilizing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Treatment using ultra-low-frequency transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation was administered, and a myocentric bite was registered, with which an orthotic was fabricated and delivered to the patient for full-time wear.

Materials and Methods:

The hyoid bone position of 14 TMD patients of pre- and post-treatment was observed using CBCT, and symptom severity score, joint pain, joint sounds, and limited mouth opening were studied pre- and post-treatment clinically.

Results:

All patients had relief of symptom severity score post treatment and no significant improvement in the anteroposterior direction of hyoid bone with no statistical significance with P value < 0.001. The majority of the patients had an inferiorly positioned hyoid bone post intervention with a P value less than 0.001.

Conclusion:

Neuromuscular orthotics resulted in a decrease in the symptom severity score of the patients along with an anteriorly and inferiorly positioned hyoid bone.
Effect of Orthodontic Treatment on Pharyngeal Airway and adjacent Soft Tissues
Authors: Monica Udayini , Yerraginnela Sravani , Venreddy Soumya , Mamillapalli Pavan K. , Khan Sulthan I. R. , Gopinathan Pillai A.
Published: March 2023

Background:

There is inconsistent data on the effect of fixed orthodontic treatment on the pharyngeal airway dimensions.

Aim:

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of orthodontic treatment on airway.

Methods:

Fifty patients who completed their fixed orthodontic treatment were selected for the study. Pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms were collected. The airway parameters studied were Superior Posterior Airway Space, Middle Airway Space, Inferior Airway Space, and Vertical Airway Length, while the soft tissues analysed were the height of the tongue, length of the tongue, thickness of soft palate, and length of the soft palate. The measurements of these parameters were done on all the cephalograms and were tabulated and statistically analysed.

Results:

There was a significant decrease in the middle airway space in the non-extraction group, while the remaining parameters did not show any significant variation. In the extraction group, there was no significant variation in any of the parameters analysed.

Conclusion:

There was a significant reduction in the middle airway space, while no significant variation in the upper, lower airway, and vertical airway length in non-extraction cases after the orthodontic treatment. None of the airway parameters and adjacent soft tissues showed any significant variation post-orthodontic treatment in extraction cases.
Comparative Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Masseter Muscle in Patients with and without Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Authors: Kalluvalappil Ayappali , Balan Anita , Chandrabose Tinky Bose , Venugopal Muraleedharan , Jacob Jesmith E. , Ramachandran Sunu
Published: March 2023

Background:

The gold standard for diagnosing oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is histopathology, but it causes scarring and worsens the illness. Ultrasonography (USG) has been employed in recent research to assess the cross-sectional dimensions of head and neck muscles in OSF patients.

Aim:

This study aimed to evaluate the ultrasonographic changes in the cross-sectional thickness of masseteric muscle in patients with and without OSF. Also, to compare the cross-sectional thickness of masseteric muscle in patients with different clinical stages and histologic grades of OSF.

Methods:

The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The protocol was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee, and written informed consent was obtained from all patients. The study population was divided into cases and controls. Cases consisted of 63 patients clinically diagnosed as having OSF and controls consisted of 63 persons selected from the patients attending the department of Oral Medicine and Radiology. According to Khanna and Andrade’s criteria, OSF patients were divided into four groups based on their clinical findings. Ultrasonography of masseter muscle was performed with a high-resolution real-time LOGIQUE C5 ultrasound scanner with 7–12 MHz transducers.

Results:

One-way ANOVA and t test were used to evaluate the results. The study showed a clear association of masseter muscle hypertrophy with OSF. In controls, ultrasound measurements of masseter muscle thickness were statistically significant. In the case group, masseter muscle thickness was increased as the duration and frequency of the chewing increased and also as the disease progressed.

Conclusions:

USG is a valuable, radiation-free, and noninvasive better diagnostic tool than clinical and histopathological examinations for OSF evaluation.
Clinical profile and outcomes in patients with moderate to severe aortic stenosis with or without concomitant chronic kidney disease
Authors: Ngiam Jinghao Nicholas , Sia Ching-Hui , Chew Nicholas Wen Sheng , Liong Tze Sian , Chang Zi Yun , Lee Chi Hang , Ruan Wen , Tay Edgar Lik-Wui , Kong William Kok-Fai , Tan Huay Cheem , Yeo Tiong-Cheng , Poh Kian Keong
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

Management of aortic stenosis (AS) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may often be overlooked, and this could confer poorer outcomes.

Methods:

Consecutive patients (n = 727) with index echocardiographic diagnosis of moderate to severe AS (aortic valve area <1.5 cm2) were examined. They were divided into those with CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min) and those without. Baseline clinical and echocardiographic parameters were compared, and a multivariate Cox regression model was constructed. Clinical outcomes were compared using Kaplan–Meier curves.

Results:

There were 270 (37.1%) patients with concomitant CKD. The CKD group was older (78.0 ± 10.3 vs. 72.1 ± 12.9 years, P < 0.001), with a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia and ischaemic heart disease. AS severity did not differ significantly, but left ventricular (LV) mass index (119.4 ± 43.7 vs. 112.3 ± 40.6 g/m2, P = 0.027) and Doppler mitral inflow E to annular tissue Doppler e’ ratio (E: e’ 21.5 ± 14.6 vs. 17.8 ± 12.2, P = 0.001) were higher in the CKD group. There was higher mortality (log-rank 51.5, P < 0.001) and more frequent admissions for cardiac failure (log-rank 25.9, P < 0.001) in the CKD group, with a lower incidence of aortic valve replacement (log-rank 7.12, P = 0.008). On multivariate analyses, after adjusting for aortic valve area, age, left ventricular ejection fraction and clinical comorbidities, CKD remained independently associated with mortality (hazard ratio 1.96, 95% confidence interval 1.50–2.57, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Concomitant CKD in patients with moderate to severe AS was associated with increased mortality, more frequent admissions for cardiac failure and a lower incidence of aortic valve replacement.
An Efficient Discrete Wavelet Transform Architecture with Low Power and Multiplier-Less Structure for Pervasive Biomedical Image Processing Application
Authors: Guptha Maram Anantha , Rao Surampudi Srinivasa , Selvaraj Ravindrakumar
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTION: Over the past several years analysis of image has moved from larger system to pervasive portable devices. For example, in pervasive biomedical systems like PACS-Picture achieving and Communication system, computing is the main element. Image processing application for biomedical diagnosis needs efficient and fast algorithms and architecture for their functionality. Future pervasive systems designed for biomedical application should provide computational efficiency and portability. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) designed in on-chip been used in several applications like data, audio signal processing and machine learning.OBJECTIVES: The conventional convolution based scheme is easy to implement but occupies more memory , power and delay. The conventional lifting based architecture has multiplier blocks which increase the critical delay. Designing the wavelet transform without multiplier is a effective task especially for the 2-D image analysis. Without multiplier Daubechies wavelet implementation in forward and inverse transforms may find efficient. The objective of the work is on obtaining low power and less delay architecture.METHODS: The proposed lifting scheme for two dimensional architecture reduces critical path through multiplier less and provides low power, area and high throughput. The proposed multiplier is delay efficient.RESULTS: The architecture is Multiplier less in the predict and update stage and the implementation carried out in FPGA by the use of Quartus II 9.1 and it is found that there is reduction in consumption of power at approximately 56%. There is reduction in delay due to multiplier less architecture.CONCLUSION: multiplier less architecture provides less delay and low power. The power observed is in milliwatts and suitable for high speed application due to low critical path delay.
A Recommended Method of Analytically Determining the Competence of Hydraulic Telescopic Cantilevered Crane Booms
Authors:   Cranes and Lifting Devices Committee
Published: March 2023

This analysis applies to crane types as covered by ASME B30.5.
Melıssopalynologıcal study of Apıs Mellıfera L. honey sourced from dıfferent localıtıes in the mıddle belt of Nıgerıa
Authors: Ikegbunam Nchedochukwu Clara , Walter John Okwong , Osayi Emeka Emmanuel , Njokuocha Reginald Chukwuemeka , Ezeadim Meshach Ikechukwu , Nweze Nkechinyere Onyekwere
Published: March 2023

Melissopalynological studies are useful to determine the floral contents and geographical origin of honey samples. The great diversity of plants allows bees to produce honey that is highly valuable to the consumers. This study was aimed to determine pollen types in honey samples collected from the Middle Belt region to provide information on botanical origin of honeys. Six honey samples were collected from Benue and Kogi States in North Central, Nigeria. According to their pollen spectra, they were multiflora honeys. The honey samples collected from Benue State had a total pollen count of 8, 932, thirty nine pollen types in twenty five (25) families of plant and samples from Kogi State recorded 3,859 pollen, 29 pollen types in nineteen 19 plant families. A total of thirteen pollen types were identified to generic level, fifteen to species and nine to family level in honey samples collected from Benue State whereas in Kogi State samples, eleven pollen types were identified to generic level, eight to species and nine to family level. The major pollen types in Benue honey samples were Sarcocephalus latifolius, Phyllanthus sp., Lannea sp., Hymenocardia acida, Syzygium guineense, Solanum sp., Parkia biglobosa, members of Anacardiaceae, Combretaceae/Melastomataceae, Euphorbiaceae and Sapindaceae whereas Hymenocardia acida, Elaeis guineensis, Solanum sp., Cassia sp., Sarcocephalus latifolius, members of Combretaeaeceae/Melastomataceae and Fabaceae were dominant in samples from Kogi State. The pollen analyses provided important information on the floral source preferences of bees and on honey contents, which can be used by traditional beekeepers and the public in general in promoting the production and consumption of high quality honey in the Middle Belt region of Nigeria.
Mawanda ya taaluma za ukalimani na tafsiri na haja ya kuboresha ufundishaji wake
Authors: Mpemba Titus
Published: March 2023

Umuhimu wa ukalimani na tafsiri umeongezeka kutokana na utandawazi. Wakalimani na wafasiri wengi wamekuwa wakiandaliwa ili kuendana na kasi ya ongezeko la mahitaji ya wakalimani na wafasiri. Kutokana na kasi ya ongezeko hili, na uhaba au ukosefu wa walimu wabobevu wa ukalimani na tafsiri, walimu wa lugha ambao tafsiri na ukalimani si nyuga zao za ubobevu wamejikuta wakipewa majukumu ya kufundisha kozi za ukalimani na tafsiri vyuoni. Matokeo yake, walimu hao wamekuwa wakihangaika kufikiria mambo ya kufundisha. Kwa kuwa ukalimani na tafsiri si nyuga walizobobea, hujikuta wakifundisha juujuu. Wahitimu wanaotokana na ufundishaji wa juujuu huwa hawajapikwa sawasawa lakini hutazamiwa kuwa walimu wa baadaye wa ukalimani na tafsiri vyuoni. Aidha, huchukuliwa kuwa wamesomea kozi hizo. Kutokana na kutoandaliwa vyema, hujikuta wanaishia kuchukua miongozo ya kozi waliyotumia enzi za uanafunzi wao. Kisha, huhawilisha kwa kiasi kikubwa yale waliyofundishwa na mwalimu mwanzilishi wa kozi na kuyarithisha kwa vizazi vingine bila kuongezewa vionjo vya kibunifu kuendana na mabadiliko na mazingira ya soko. Hivyo, ufundishaji huwa wa kimazoea zaidi. Kwa hiyo, kuna haja ya wanataaluma kubadilishana uzoefu miongoni mwao, kukumbushana kuhusu mabadiliko yanayotokea na kuboresha zaidi ufundishaji wa nyuga hizi. Makala hii imelenga kutimiza azma hii kwa kujielekeza katika maarifa ya kibiashara kama kionjo kinachohitaji kuongezwa katika mitalaa ya ukalimani na tafsiri vyuoni ili kuboresha ufundishaji wa nyuga madhukura. Hususani, makala inatilia mkazo elimu ya huduma kwa wateja na uandaaji wa nyaraka za kibiashara. Makala inasisitiza kuwa, kutokana na umuhimu wake, elimu ya huduma kwa wateja haina budi kuongezwa katika mitalaa ya ukalimani na tafsiri.
Uolezi katika kujenga utambulisho wa wahusika katika Riwaya za Nagona na Mzingile za Euphrase Kezilahabi
Authors: Ilomo Leonard Flavian
Published: March 2023

Uolezi ni mbinu muhimu ya kinaratolojia katika kueleza mtazamo au mwono. Hii ni mbinu inayotofautisha baina ya nani anaona na nani anasimulia. Kimsingi, mbinu hii hutumika katika kujenga uelewa na mtazamo juu ya masuala mbalimbali katika matini simulizi (Flavian, 2021). Dhima mojawapo ya mbinu hii inayojitokeza kwa uwazi ni kumfanya msomaji aone jambo fulani na kisha achukue mtazamo ambao utamwezesha kuyatazama mambo kwa mwelekeo fulani. Hata hivyo, kutokana na uchambuzi wa riwaya za Nagona (Kezilahabi, 1990; 2011) na Mzingile (Kezilahabi, 1991; 2011) ambao tumeufanya katika makala hii, uolezi unaonekana kutumika kujenga utambulisho wa wahusika. Katika makala hii wahusika ambao wameshughulikiwa ni Paa kutoka katika riwaya ya Nagona na Mzee kutoka katika riwaya ya Mzingile. Uchambuzi umeonesha kuwa utambulisho wa wahusika, Paa na Mzee, umejengwa kupitia uolezi wa mazingira yanayowazunguka, mwonekano wao pamoja na kupitia fikra za wahusika wengine. Kwa ujumla, makala hii imebainisha kuwa uolezi, zaidi ya kuwa mbinu ya kujenga mtazamo kinaratolojia, pia umetumika kujenga utambulisho wa wahusika katika riwaya za Nagona na Mzingile.
Dhima ya nyimbo za Kiswahili za watoto katika kujifunza mazingira
Authors: Mosha Doroth , Omari Shani
Published: March 2023

Nyimbo ni fani kongwe na ya mwanzo kabisa ya fasihi simulizi kutumiwa na binadamu katika kupambana na mazingira yake. Kwa ujumla, nyimbo ni fani ya fasihi simulizi ambayo hutumika katika hatua na Nyanja mbalimbali za maisha ya binadamu. Mojawapo ya vipera vyake ni nyimbo za watoto. Nyimbo hizo, pamoja na mambo mengine, zina hazina kubwa ya mafunzo katika kuyaelewa mazingira ya jamii husika. Mazingira ni kila kitu kinachomzunguka mwanadamu (na mwenyewe akiwamo). Hujumuisha wanadamu, wanyama, mimea, bahari, mawingu, ardhi, majengo, milima na vitu visivyo na uhai. Lengo la makala hii ni kuchunguza mchango wa fasihi ya Kiswahili, hususani nyimbo za watoto, nchini Tanzania katika taaluma ya mazingira. Makala inachunguza namna ambavyo nyimbo za watoto zinatoa maarifa mbalimbali kuhusu mazingira katika kumfunza mtoto na jamii kwa ujumla. Data za utafiti huu zilikusanywa uwandani kwa kusikiliza nyimbo za watoto za Kiswahili kutoka katika muktadha wa kitaaluma na katika mazingira yao wanamoishi. Aidha, data nyingine zilipatikana kwa kupitia maandiko mbalimbali maktabani kuhusu nyimbo hizo. Matokeo ya utafiti yanaonesha kuwa nyimbo za Kiswahili za michezo ya watoto ni muhimu kwa watoto na jamii, si tu katika kujifunza mazingira ya jamii mahususi, bali pia katika kuwasilisha maudhui yahusuyo mazingira kwa jamii pana.
Dhima za umatinishaji-upya katika fasihi: Uchunguzi kifani wa nyimbo za muziki wa dansi na ngano
Authors: Mnenuka Angelus
Published: March 2023

Kila jamii ina utamaduni ambao hurithishwa kutoka kizazi kimoja hadi kingine. Njia mojawapo ya urithishaji wa utamaduni katika jamii inayobadilika ni umatinishaji-upya wa matini. Huu ni mchakato wa kuichopoa matini kutoka katika muktadha wake asilia na kuichopeka katika muktadha mpya. Nchini Tanzania, kumekuwa na utaratibu huu pia ambapo hotuba mbalimbali za Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere hurushwa na kituo cha TBC Taifa kila siku katika kipindi kijulikanacho kama ‗Wosia wa Baba‘. Halikadhalika, nyimbo mbalimbali zilizopigwa miaka iliyopita huendelea kupigwa ili kurithisha tunu mbalimbali kwa kizazi cha sasa. Makala hii inajadili hotuba ya Mwalimu Nyerere iliyohusisha utambaji wa ngano. Ngano hii inahusu wanaume waliogeuka kuwa mawe baada ya kutetereka kimsimamo. Hotuba hii ilienea na kusambazwa mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2016 wakati Rais John P. Magufuli wa Tanzania alipokuwa akifichua uozo serikalini muda mfupi baada ya kuapishwa. Sambamba na hotuba hiyo, wimbo wa ―Wahujumu na Walanguzi‖ ulioimbwa na bendi ya Asilia Jazz ulisambaa katika mitandaopepe ya kijamii. Katika Makala hii, inaelezwa kuwa kusambaa kwa kipande hicho cha hotuba na wimbo huu, mahususi katika kipindi tajwa, ni sehemu ya umatinishaji-upya wa matini wenye lengo la kuibua kumbukumbu na kuwatia moyo viongozi katika vita dhidi ya ufisadi na kuleta matumaini mapya ya kutetea wanyonge.
Ruwaza za ujalizaji wa vitenzi vya Kiswahili sanifu
Authors: Mtego Deograsia Ramadhan
Published: March 2023

Makala hii inahusu ruwaza za ujalizaji wa vitenzi katika Kiswahili sanifu. Lengo lake ni kufafanua ruwaza za ujalizaji wa vitenzi kwa kubainisha miundo mbalimbali ya vijalizo vya vitenzi vya Kiswahili sanifu. Data zimekusanywa maktabani kwa njia ya upitiaji wa nyaraka na kuchambuliwa kwa kutumia Nadharia ya Msingi ya Isimu ya Dixon (2010). Makala hii inaonesha kuwa wanasarufi wanatofautiana katika kubainisha aina za miundo ya ruwaza za ujalizaji wa vitenzi katika lugha ya Kiswahili kutokana na maendeleo ya kinadharia. Katika sarufi mapokeo, kitenzi kinajalizwa na kirai nomino chenye uamilifu wa yambwa. Pia, katika Sarufi Mfumo Amilifu kitenzi kinajalizwa na kijalizo ambacho kinaweza kuwa kirai nomino au kirai kivumishi. Vilevile, tofauti na mitazamo iliyotangulia, katika nadharia za kimuundo, kama vile za Sarufi Geuzi inaonesha kuwa kitenzi kinaweza kujalizwa na kirai, kishazi au sentensi. Aidha, mitazamo hiyo inadhihirisha kuwapo kwa namna mbalimbali za ujalizaji wa vitenzi ambazo ndizo ruwaza za ujalizaji wa vitenzi. Katika makala hii, ruwaza za ujalizaji wa vitenzi ni miundo mbalimbali ya vijalizo vya vitenzi kutokana na hulka ya kitenzi husika kinavyoweza kujalizwa. Namna hizo ndizo ruwaza za ujalizaji wa vitenzi ambapo kitenzi kinajalizwa na neno, kirai, kishazi na sentensi. Hivyo basi, vitenzi vya Kiswahili vina namna yake ya kujalizwa ambapo kitenzi kinaweza kujalizwa zaidi ya mara moja kwa namna tofauti kutokana na kitenzi kuukilia namna ya ujalizaji wake.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Covid-19 Vaccines among Lecturers in Higher Institutions in Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Agede Olalekan A.
Published: March 2023

Background: This study assessed the knowledge, attitude and perception of COVID-19 vaccine among lecturers in higher institutions in Ilorin.

Methods: It was a web based cross-sectional study conducted for a period of eight weeks among lecturers in higher institutions in Ilorin. Data on socio-  demographics, COVID-19 and vaccinerelated concerns were collected and analyzed. Descriptive and inferentialfrequency statistics were done. Chi-square  test was used to evaluate associations between the categorical variables. P-value was set at <0.05. Ordinal logistic regression was used to evaluate the  determinants of willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine.

Results: A total of 1800 lecturers participated in this study. The gender distribution showed male preponderance (n=1217, 67.6%) and most participants  were married (n=1546, 85.9%). Most common age group was 36-50year (n=772, 42.9%). Majority of the participants got information on COVID-19, vaccine  and preventive measures through the social media. Less than half (46.5%) of the participant used the preventive measures only when present in crowded  environment. Most (93.4%) of the participant believed the preventive measures helps to reduce the spread of the disease. Female gender (p= <0.001),  good perception (p= <0.001) and some other factors affected the willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine.

Conclusion: There was high awareness and good perception of COVID-19 and its vaccine among the study participants. Information about COVID-19  vaccine and the disease were mostly gotten from the social media, as few of the study participants practiced the preventive measures though most were  willing to take the vaccine when it becomes available. Thus, healthcare policy makers should take advantage of social media to disseminate appropriate  information on COVID-19 and vaccine to improve disease control.
Phân tích chuỗi giá trị và tình hình liên kết sản xuất và tiêu thụ chanh không hạt ở tỉnh Hậu Giang
Authors: Dũng Khổng Tiến
Published: March 2023

Nghiên cứu nhằm phân tích Chuỗi Giá Trị (CGT) và tìm hiểu thực trạng liên kết trong sản xuất và tiêu thụ chanh không hạt tại tỉnh Hậu Giang. Bộ số liệu sơ cấp gồm 164 nông hộ trồng chanh và 25 tác nhân khác trong CGT chanh không hạt và sử dụng bộ công cụ phân tích CGT bằng cách tiếp cận liên kết CGT ValueLinks của GTZ (2007) để phân tích. Đóng góp quan trọng của bài viết này là nghiên cứu cho cây lâu năm và gồm tính toán các khoản mục khấu hao và chi phí đầu tư ban đầu. Kết quả nghiên cứu chỉ rõ chuỗi giá trị chanh không hạt không liên kết bao gồm 07 kênh thị trường, 05 chức năng và 09 tác nhân trong chuỗi, trong đó kênh 07 (nông hộ - công ty - tiêu dùng nước ngoài) hiệu quả nhất. Đối với chuỗi giá trị chanh không hạt có liên kết có 04 kênh thị trường với 05 chức năng và 08 tác nhân, với kênh 04 (nông hộ - Hợp tác xã - tiêu dùng nước ngoài) là hiệu quả nhất. Tuy nhiên, số lượng nông hộ tham gia liên kết chưa nhiều. Từ kết quả nghiên cứu này, bài viết đề xuất 05 chiến lược nâng cấp chuỗi và 03 mô hình giúp hoàn thiện CGT chanh không hạt hiệu quả.
A preliminary study to establish the transfected CHO cell lines which highly express Trastuzumab - A biosimilar product of Herceptin
Authors: Huy Nguyen Quang , Ly Huynh Thi Yen , Mai Tran Thi Nhu , Truc Nguyen Thi Thanh , Hieu Huynh Trong , Khoi Nguyen Mai , Chung Doan Chinh , Hung Trinh Thanh , Si Do Minh
Published: March 2023

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) has been identified as a molecular target for breast cancer therapy, such as Trastuzumab (Herceptin®). This has been shown to improve patient survival substantially. The current study is aiming to locally produce an anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (named Trastuzumab) which has an equivalent biological properties in comparison with the original version, Herceptin®). In silico design and construction of recombinant vectors, as well as the establishment of transfected cell lines with high expression of Trastuzumab were performed. Based on the protein sequences obtained from the Drugbank, the DNA sequences encoding for the light chain (Tras-Lc) and heavy chain (Tras-Hc) of Trastuzumab were optimized and integrated into pNanogen-Hygro and pNanogen-Puro vectors, respectively. The Neon Transfection System was used to co-transfect the pNanogen-Tras-Lc-Hygro and pNanogen-Tras-Hc-Puro constructs into CHO cells. Different co-transfected single-cell-colonies selected on media supplemented with hygromycin and puromycin were used for ELISA and SDS-PAGE assays to identify the CHO cell lines which highly express Trastuzumab. Based on the present results, 30μg of both constructs were suitable for DNA co-transfection. After 07 days of culture, the highest amount of Trastuzumab (561 µg/ml) was obtained from the H06LD68 cell line.
Mobile colistin resistance: Prevalence, mechanisms, and current detection methods
Authors: Truong Nguyen Quang , Thuy Le Huyen Ai , Egorova Svetlana A , Kaftyreva Lidiia A , Cuong Hoang Quoc
Published: March 2023

Colistin is considered the last-line antibiotic against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. The global dissemination of Mobile colistin resistance mcr-harboring bacteria is threatening public health. Such isolates have been detected in various reservoirs including animals, food products, the environment, and humans. From these reservoirs, the isolates are approximate: 53% from animals; 39% from humans; 5% from the environment; and 3% from food. Bacterial distributions were: E.coli 91%; Salmonella 7%; and Klebsiella 2%. Among the 10 mcr variants, mcr-1 and mcr-9 are the most prevalent (up to 95% and 64.53%, respectively, in different studies) while other variants account for 5%. The coexistence of mcr and other antibiotic resistance genes in single isolates is a significant concern; mcr variants carried by different plasmid types increase antibiotic resistance and transfer of mcr genes to other bacteria. The hypothesis that the food chain is intimately involved in mcr gene transfer is supported by the presence of mcr-harboring isolates in animals and foods relative to humans. Cheaper, quicker, and more effective diagnostic tools for detecting colistin-resistant bacterial phenotypes and genotypes are essential and urgent. Currently, high quality tests include RPNP (99.3% specificity, 96.7% sensitivity) and MRPNP (95.4% specificity, ~100% sensitivity). LBJMR, CHROM agar, COL-APSE, and Super Polymyxin are now the best media to screen the bacteria, with near 100% selectivity. Multiplex PCR is a suitable method to quickly and accurately detect mcr genes in E. coli and Salmonella . Multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria remain a global burden and need to have continuous and effective surveillance.
A multi locus sequence analysis scheme for phylogeny of the Bacillus subtilis species complex and its advantages over 16S rRNA genes
Authors: Hong Dao Nu Dieu , Long Trang Hoang , Tien Nguyen Thi Thuy , Hoa Dinh Anh , Phan Tran Thi , Tram Le Thi Huynh
Published: March 2023

A multi locus sequence analysis (MLSA approach) was studied on the Bacillus genus, or the Bacillus subtilis species complex for specific, including 08 strains from four species (B. subtilis, B. pumilus, B. licheniformis and B. amyloliquefaciens) were provided by Biotechnology Center of Ho Chi Minh City. The research was based on sequences of 16S rRNA genes, the concatenation of five protein-coding housekeeping genes: glpF, pta, purH, pycA, and rpoD. After PCR amplification and sequencing the phylogenetic tree of 16S rRNA sequences, concatenate sequences (as well as the phylogenetic tree of each housekeeping gene) are constructed for comparison and discussion. The aim of this study is reach for better resolution and differentiation of strains and species within the B. subtilis species and to determine whether MLSA scheme show advantages in 16S rRNA gene-based studies.
DNA isolation in processed chicken meat products (nugget) using modified DNeasy Mericon Food kit (Qiagen)
Authors: Sophian Alfi , Sri Utaminingsih , Sofia Utami Dyah
Published: March 2023

DNA isolation is one of the important steps in conducting PCR-based or real-time PCR-based molecular analysis. This study aims to test the quality of DNA isolation extracted from samples of processed food products from chicken meat (chicken nuggets). The novelty of this research lies in the DNA isolation technique modified from the manual kit which is used to produce good-quality DNA isolation results. The extraction method used was the modified extraction method and the standard extraction method of the DNeasy Mericon Food kit. Analysis of DNA quality was measured using a nanophotometer, where the analysis of DNA quality was analyzed based on the parameters of concentration values and purity values. Based on research data, it is known that the modified DNA extraction method produces a concentration value of DNA isolation with an average concentration value of 1295.1 ng/µL. Meanwhile, the value of the purity of the isolated DNA was 2.10 on average. while the standard DNA extraction method resulted in an average DNA isolation concentration value of 111.53 ng/µL. While the value purity of the isolated DNA was at an average value of 1.926. From the research data analyzed, it was found that the modified DNA isolation method has the advantage that the concentration of isolated DNA obtained is higher than the standard method, while the purity value of the DNA isolated from the standard method has better purity when compared to the modified method.
History and applications of concrete steel composite structure
Authors: Long Chu Tuan , Hoan Pham Quoc , Quy Doan Xuan
Published: March 2023

The composite steel-and-concrete structure is a modern structure, combines the advantages of concrete and steel one. Nowadays, it is widely utilized all over the world but not much in Vietnam. Studying the history of formation and development is very meaningful in understanding and applying this type of structure in practice. This article focuses on presenting the formation and development of the composite structure and, at the same time, introduces the potential and applications of the composite structure to the current construction practice in Vietnam.
Studying the damping characteristics of the system of building and infrastructure considering the Soil-Structure Interaction
Authors: Tham Duong Hong
Published: March 2023

This paper studies the damping characteristics of the soil foundation under a building concerning the Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI). By considering a multi-story building resting on a piled raft foundation as a typical SSI system, subjected to an earthquake (i.e., Chi Chi earthquake, Taiwan 1999), the time-dependent responses of specified locations in the foundation are recorded and analyzed, both in-time domain and frequency domain. Referring to prior knowledge about system identification and damping, this study suggests an overwhelming approach to determining the damping ratio for analyzing more thoroughly a system of SSI systems. Results are a general procedure to establish the damping matrix, namely the Caughey damping matrix which takes several frequencies into account. A different viewpoint that the connection of superstructure and infrastructure in series could help to estimate the damping, and contribute to a wide range of system identification. All these procedures are used to predict more properly the damping characteristics of a system of structures. Suggestions over the findings would be expected to contribute a more rigorous component to the analysis of high-rise buildings in the future.
Effect of Organic Loading Rates on Performance of Treating Dairy Wastewater in a Lab-Scale Sequencing Batch Reactor
Authors: Khac-Uan Do  , Thuy-Ngan Thi Bui  , Hung-Thuan Tran  , Xuan-Quang Chu
Published: March 2023

This study aims to investigate, the effect of organic loading rates (OLRs), nutrient ratio addition, and sludge retention time (SRT) on treating dairy wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system. This investigation is verified by experiments conducted in 3 phases at 3 different OLRs (1.8, 1.2, and 0.9 kg/m3d, respectively).  Urea ((NH2)2CO) is added to make a suitable (COD:N:P) ratio of (100:5:1) in dairy wastewater. The SRT is adjusted from 50 days to an appropriate value of 18 days. The obtained results show that the COD, TN, and TP removal efficiencies are increased with decreasing OLRs. Sludge concentration in the SBR tank is stable at 1100 mg/L after adding (NH2)2CO. In addition, the SBR operated at a suitable SRT (i.e. 18 days) helps the biomass stably, resulting in enhancement of COD, TN, and TP removal. The results are helpful to the design of SBR for treating dairy wastewater.