bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between trimethylamine N-oxide and prognosis of patients with myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis
Authors: Li Xiuqing , Wang Yubao , Xu Jie , Luo Kaili , Dong Tao
Published: December 2024

Background

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has been widely explored and considered as a biomarker for adverse cardiovascular events. However, the relationships between TMAO adverse cardiovascular events are inconsistent in patients. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to estimate association between TMAO levels and the prognosis of patients with myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods

We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to July 2, 2023, to retrieve all relevant clinical trials. Associations between TMAO levels, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), all-cause mortality, recurrent MI, stroke, etc., were systematically addressed. Outcomes included MACE, all-cause mortality, recurrent MI, rehospitalization caused by heart failure, stroke, revascularization, SYNTAX score, and multivessel disease. A fixed/random-effects model should be adopted to calculate the pooled estimates. Besides, funnel plot, Begg's test and Egger' test were used to test publication bias.

Results

A total of nine studies were included in our meta-analysis. Our results indicated that higher TMAO levels were associated with greater risk of MACE (RR = 1.94; 95% CI = 1.39 to 2.73), all-cause mortality (RR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.00 to 2.44), and MI (RR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.45). No significant association was found in stroke, SYNTAX, and multivessel disease. Besides, our results reported that the association between TMAO levels and MACE after MI was not affected by the geographic localization.

Conclusion

This study was the first meta-analysis that showed a significant positive association of TMAO levels with MACE, all-cause mortality, and recurrent MI in patients with MI.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=460400, PROSPERO (CRD42023460400).
A generalized equation for predicting peak oxygen consumption during treadmill exercise testing: mitigating the bias from total body mass scaling
Authors: Santana Everton J. , Cauwenberghs Nicholas , Celestin Bettia E. , Kuznetsova Tatiana , Gardner Christopher , Arena Ross , Kaminsky Leonard A. , Harber Matthew P. , Ashley Euan , Christle Jeffrey W. , Myers Jonathan , Haddad Francois
Published: December 2024

Background

Indexing peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) to total body mass can underestimate cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in women, older adults, and individuals with obesity. The primary objective of this multicenter study was to derive and validate a body size-independent scaling metric for VO2peak. This metric was termed exercise body mass (EBM).

Method

In a cohort of apparently healthy individuals from the Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise National Database, we derived EBM using multivariable log-normal regression analysis. Subsequently, we developed a novel workload (WL) equation based on speed (Sp), fractional grade (fGr), and heart rate reserve (HRR). The generalized equation for VO2peak can be expressed as VO2peak = Cst × EBM × WL, where Cst is a constant representing the VO2peak equivalent of one metabolic equivalent of task. This generalized equation was externally validated using the Stanford exercise testing (SET) dataset.

Results

A total of 5,618 apparently healthy individuals with a respiratory exchange ratio >1.0 (57% men, mean age 44 ± 13 years) were included. The EBM was expressed as Mass (kg)0.63 × Height (m)0.53 × 1.16 (if a man) × exp (−0.39 × 10−4 × age2), which was also approximated using simple sex-specific additive equations. Unlike total body mass, EBM provided body size-independent scaling across both sexes and WL categories. The generalized VO2peak equation was expressed as 11 × EBM × [2 + Sp (in mph) × (1.06 + 5.22 × fGr) + 0.019 × HRR] and had an R2 of 0.83, p < 0.001. This generalized equation mitigated bias in VO2peak estimations across age, sex, and body mass index subgroups and was validated in the SET registry, achieving an R2 of 0.84 (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

We derived a generalized equation for measuring VO2peak during treadmill exercise testing using a novel body size-independent scaling metric. This approach significantly reduced biases in CRF estimates across age, sex, and body composition.
Population structure and dynamic characteristics of three endemic Chinese Abies species in southeastern Tibet, China
Authors: Huang Di , Ren Yihua , Yang Shouzhi , Zhao Yingxia , Zhao Guoqing
Published: December 2024

Introduction

In the face of escalating climate change, conserving fir forests in southeastern Tibet is paramount. These forests uphold Tibetan biodiversity and support crucial ecological services.

Methods

This study used the typical plot method to investigate the survival status and development trends of three Chinese endemic Abies species, namely, Abies georgei var. smithii, Abies chayuensis, and Abies delavayi var. motuoensis, from the diameter structure, static life table, and survival curve.

Results

The results revealed that 1) the density of Abies georgei var. smithii, Abies chayuensis, and Abies delavayi var. motuoensis in the community is 408, 320, and 103 trees per hectare, respectively. The structure of the diameter class of the three species of fir trees is a pyramid shape. As the diameter class increases, the number of each population fluctuates to varying degrees, and there is a lack of many medium- and large-diameter trees. 2) The survival curve of Abies georgei var. smithii tends to be similar to the Deevey type II curves, whereas the survival curves of Abies chayuensis and Abies delavayi var. motuoensis tend to be similar to the Deevey type III curves. Various population structures are growth-oriented but highly sensitive to external random disturbances, with mortality and disappearance rates multiple times, indicating poor population development. Survival analysis reveals that all populations begin to decline after the middle age range and that the age structure is relatively unstable.

Discussion

The results of this study contribute to revealing the structural characteristics and dynamic patterns of various spruce populations, providing a theoretical basis for the management and sustainable utilization of fir forests in southeastern Tibet.
Biochemical profiles of patients with COVID-19 during the first and second waves in Ethiopia
Authors: Getahun Habtamu Abebe , Legesse Assefa , Desta Diliab , Johar Ahmed , Bekele Israel , Angasu Kebenesa , Hunegnaw Samuel , Simegnew Nebiyou , Fekadie Minale
Published: December 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Nasopharyngeal swabs (NP swabs) were used for patients with COVID-19 who demonstrated serious clinical symptoms and disturbances in biochemical parameters. The biochemical profiles of these patients remain ambiguous and differ from wave to wave of COVID-19 infections. Herein, we conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study with 538 patients with COVID-19 at six COVID-19 treatment centers in Ethiopia. Professional data collectors collected the data. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, and independent t-tests and chi-square tests were used to assess the relationships between the continuous and categorical variables across waves, respectively. In total, 240 and 298 patients were included from the first and second waves, respectively. Men and individuals aged 53–69 years were more likely to be infected in each wave. The mean alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.001) and sodium levels (p = 0.035) significantly differed between patients across the two waves of COVID-19; the significant difference in the alkaline phosphatase levels of patients between the two waves was −45.425. All the symptoms of COVID-19 were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with the waves of the pandemic. Patients in both waves had no chronic disease comorbidities. This study showed that the mean alkaline phosphatase and sodium levels differed significantly across the first two waves of the pandemic at six COVID-19 treatment centers in Ethiopia while all clinical symptoms of COVID-19 were associated with the first two waves of the pandemic.
Global research hotspots and trends of theta burst stimulation from 2004 to 2023: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Liu Mingyue , Jin Shasha , Liu Mengya , Yang Bin , Wang Qian , Fan Chunliang , Li Zhe , Wu Liang
Published: December 2024

Background

Theta burst stimulation (TBS) has garnered widespread attention in the scientific community, but a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of TBS research remains absent. This study aims to fill this gap by elucidating the characteristics, hotspots, and trends in TBS publications over the past 20 years using bibliometric methods.

Methods

We retrieved TBS-related publications from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2023, from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). The analysis focused on articles and review articles. Data were processed using the bibliometric package in R software, and CiteSpace and VOSviewer were employed for bibliometric and knowledge mapping analyses.

Results

A total of 1,206 publications were identified, with 858 included in the analysis. The annual publication volume showed a fluctuating upward trend. Leading institutions and authors were predominantly from the United States of America (USA) and European countries. Core journals and publications also primarily originated from these regions. Current research hotspots include the clinical applications and mechanisms of TBS in neurorehabilitation and depression. TBS cerebellar stimulation has emerged as a promising therapeutic target. Future research is likely to focus on dysphagia, cognitive impairments, and post-traumatic stress disorder.

Conclusion

This bibliometric analysis provides an overview of the basic knowledge structure, research hotspots, and development trends in TBS research over the past two decades. The findings offer valuable insights into the evolving landscape of TBS research and its potential directions.
Strangers in a strange land: how diversity professionals navigate their marginal leadership identity
Authors: Felix Bruno , Brandão Mariana Clementino , Mahadevan Jasmin , Schmitz Anja , Vaz Samir Lótfi , Irigaray Hélio Arthur Reis
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the present study was to understand how executives responsible for Diversity and Inclusion construct their identities while occupying positions of “Marginal Leadership,” and how they deal with threats to such identities. We conducted qualitative and inductive research with Brazilian executives in 66 organizations, focusing on their experiences as leaders. In our resulting model, we theorized that leaders in positions of Marginal Leadership demonstrate little role clarity, resources, and confidence for the exercise of their activities, suffering threats to their identities, which are not observed in executives occupying positions in more traditional functions such as Finance, Production, and Marketing. Furthermore, we identified that Brazilian executives responsible for Diversity and Inclusion build three types of Relational Leadership in interaction with individuals in historically disadvantaged positions, and alongside executives in traditional positions. First, “Business Partner,” focusing on performance—boundary segmentation. Second, “Injustice Repairer,” focusing on inclusion—boundary segmentation. Third, “Paradox Manager,” focusing on performance and inclusion—boundary integration. Finally, we found that threats to their identities vary according to the type of Marginal Leadership constructed. While “Business Partners” and “Injustice Repairers” tend to be seen as false representatives or politically inept, the “Paradox Manager” tends to be labeled as a “Fence Sitter.” This study advances the understanding of role identities in positions with ambiguous expectations, integrating Identity Theory and Boundary Theory to explore how diversity leaders integrate their identities in the light of conflicting demands.
Effect of cue validity on the contextual cueing effect
Authors: Su Wen , Zhao Guang , Ma Jie
Published: December 2024

Purpose

In daily life, people are adept at extracting task-relevant information from complex visual environment to guide attention more effectively toward the target. This process underpins the contextual cueing effect, where repeated exposure allows individuals to learn associations between contextual cues and targets, thereby enhancing visual search efficiency. However, the cue validity of context —how consistently cues predict target locations—is not always guaranteed in real life. This study focused on cue validity as a critical factor in understanding the contextual cueing effect. Within the study of contextual cueing, cue validity specifically refers to the probability that contextual cues accurately indicate the location of a target.

Methods

In Experiment 1, we manipulated three levels of cue validity (100, 75, and 50%) using a classic contextual cueing paradigm. Experiment 2 examined the potential impact of an imbalanced predictable vs unpredictable trial ratio. In Experiment 3, we explored whether the absence of the contextual cueing effect was due to unsuccessful learning or unsuccessful later expression.

Results

Results from Experiment 1 revealed that higher cue validity (100 and 75%) significantly elicited the contextual cueing effect, resulting in faster responses for repeated displays, whereas lower cue validity (50%) did not result in this effect because the repeated displays could not be effectively learned. Experiment 2 showed that the contextual cueing effect remained robust despite an imbalanced ratio of predictable to unpredictable displays. Experiment 3 further showed that low cue validity affects the early learning phase of context-target associations rather than the later expression in visual search.

Conclusion

Our study highlights the significant role of cue validity in implicit learning from visual cues. High cue validity enhances learning by providing highly stable context-target associations, while low cue validity does not actively facilitate attention allocation, thereby not promoting the learning process. These findings underscore the importance of cue validity in processing visual information.
Impact of Lewy bodies disease on visual skills and memory abilities: from prodromal stages to dementia
Authors: Bussè Cinzia , Mitolo Micaela , Mozzetta Stefano , Venneri Annalena , Cagnin Annachiara
Published: December 2024

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and its prodromal presentation with mild cognitive impairment is characterized by prominent deficits in attention/executive domains and in visual processing abilities with relative sparing of memory. Neuropsychological research is continuously refining the tools to define more in detail the patterns of relatively preserved and impaired cognitive abilities that help differential diagnosis between DLB and Alzheimer disease (AD). This review summarizes the main studies exploring specific cognitive tasks investigating different visual processing abilities and verbal memory that better differentiate DLB from AD. The findings provide evidence that substantial impairments in visual-spatial and visual-constructional abilities and relatively better performance on memory tasks that depend on hippocampal function characterize the prodromal stage of DLB. The ability to detect early indicators of prodromal DLB through clinical and cognitive assessments is the first step to guide instrumental diagnostic work-ups and provide the opportunity for early intervention.
Deficits in emotional cognition among individuals with conduct disorder: theoretical perspectives
Authors: Li Xue , Kou Hui , Bi Taiyong , Peng Zuoyang
Published: December 2024

Conduct disorder refers to a persistent and repetitive pattern of problematic behavior, and is usually accompanied by deficits in cognitive processing of emotional stimuli. Behavioral and physiological correlates of these deficits have been the subject of sufficiently many investigations. Meanwhile, several theories concerning conduct disorder have been developed. However, the validity of these theories to explain the emotional processing deficits among conduct-disordered individuals has not been tested. Here we summarized four relevant theories, including “social-cognitive theory and social-information-processing theory”, “violence inhibition model”, “optimal stimulation/arousal theory and stimulation/sensation seeking theory”, and “fearlessness theory”, and discussed their validity in predicting the emotional processing deficits among conduct disordered individuals. Future directions on the theories and evidence were proposed.
Exploring prevention and control mechanisms of youth substance use: a case of North Wollo and Waghimra, Northeast Ethiopia
Authors: Asmare Wedi Sindew , Abate Biruk Beletew , Anmut Asres Tesfa , Abera Mohammed Aragaw , Bekele Sentayehu Oljira , Sendekie Ashenafi Kibret
Published: December 2024

Background

Substance use among youths is a significant global and local issue. Youth who engage in substance use often experience various psychosocial, health, economic, and other problems. While governmental and non-governmental organizations in North Wollo and Waghimra Zones offer social services, their effectiveness in preventing and controlling substance use remains largely unstudied. This research aims to explore youth substance use prevention techniques and control mechanisms, youth participation, and potential challenges encountered by social service organizations.

Methods

A qualitative case study design was employed in North Wollo and Waghimra Zones, Northeast Ethiopia. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants. A total of 40 participants were involved, including 10 key informant interviews and 5 focus group discussions (FGDs) of youths (6 participants per group). The data collection instrument included a pre-tested semi-structured in-depth interview, an FGD guide, and an observation checklist. The collected data were analyzed thematically.

Findings

Prevention efforts primarily focused on awareness-raising campaigns and advocacy programs. Control mechanisms were predominantly reactive, including measures such as regulating the substance trade, punishing drug dealers, destroying and burning drug paraphernalia, and closing substance trade centers. The study found limited youth involvement in substance use prevention and control initiatives. Several key challenges were identified in the prevention and control of youth substance use: limited government involvement, reliance only on reactive measures, low youth engagement, insufficient intersectoral collaboration, lack of community commitment, gaps in social institutions, absence of planned interventions, the economic role of substances, government ignorance, and the absence of comprehensive legal frameworks for prevention and control.

Conclusion and recommendation

This study highlights a gap in prevention and control mechanisms, and engagement of youths, non-governmental as well as governmental bodies. This study recommends making evidence-based interventions and installing functional networks among sectors to deal with common issues. This issue also should not be left to a single organization and government agencies, families, religious, and educational institutions should play a leading role in tackling substance use burdens at the grassroots level.
Case report and literature review: removal of a mercury thermometer from the abdomen of a 16-year-old boy under laparoscopy
Authors: Hou Runjie , Wang Jijun , Guo Jing , Du Mingyue , Dong Zhenyu , Song Xiaobiao
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The incidence of foreign bodies within the human body is uncommon, with thermometers representing an exceptionally rare subset of such cases. The management of these cases is particularly challenging due to the fragility of mercury thermometers and the toxic nature of their contents.

Case description

A 16-year-old male adolescent presented with a three-month history of persistent, dull pain localized to the right inguinal region. Diagnostic imaging, including an abdominal upright x-ray and CT scans, revealed the presence of an intra-abdominal foreign body, specifically a thermometer. The diagnosis was subsequently confirmed intraoperatively through laparoscopic exploration. The foreign body was successfully extracted via laparoscopic intervention. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful, leading to discharge on the second day following the procedure. A one-month follow-up examination revealed no complications.

Conclusion

A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on cases involving thermometers as foreign bodies. The diagnostic and treatment experiences from the present case were integrated into this analysis. Based on these findings, a summary of diagnostic and treatment strategies for thermometer-related foreign body incidents has been formulated. It is recommended that an abdominal upright x-ray examination be employed as the primary diagnostic modality. The integrity and location of the thermometer, along with the presence of associated complications, should be considered as crucial factors in determining the most appropriate treatment approach. Furthermore, it is imperative to address the psychological and mental health aspects of these cases, particularly in adolescent patients.
Comparative analysis of chronic neuropathic pain and pain assessment in companion animals and humans
Authors: Parker Rell L.
Published: December 2024

Chronic neuropathic pain is underdiagnosed in companion animals. This paper will review the definition of pain and how classification and grading of neuropathic pain can be applied from human to veterinary medicine to increase the recognition of and the confidence in a neuropathic pain diagnosis. The mechanisms of nociception and the pathophysiology of the sensory systems that underlie the transition to chronic pain are described. Potential future methods for diagnosis and treatment of neuropathic pain in veterinary medicine are considered, utilizing the theoretical framework of pain behavior from humans and rodents. By discussing the current state of pain diagnosis in companion animals and increasing the recognition of chronic neuropathic pain, the goal is to increase understanding of chronic neuropathic pain in daily clinical practice and to aid the development of methods to diagnose and treat neuropathic pain.
The Third Reich and the Act of 23 August 1944
Authors:   George Baritiu Institute of History, Romanian Academy, Trașcă Ottmar
Published: December 2024

In 1944 Berlin received through different communication channels genuine information about the actions initiated by the democratic opposition, the Royal House and, last but not least, the disgruntled elements within the Great General Headquarters in order to remove the Antonescu regime from power and to conclude an armistice with the United Nations. However, the warnings failed to produce any concrete effects, as the leaders of the Third Reich constantly ignored them and seriously underestimated the ability of the democratic opposition to remove Marshal Ion Antonescu from power. For the Third Reich, the political, economic and military consequences of Romania’s defection were devastating. From a political point of view, for Berlin the act of 23 August meant losing an ally and gaining a new enemy. In addition, the step taken by Romania considerably influenced the attitude of the other allies/satellites of Germany, namely, Bulgaria, Hungary, Finland, and Slovakia. From an economic point of view, the loss of the oilfields around Ploieşti led to a dramatic decrease in the quantity of fuel supplied to the German war machine. The Führer himself would name three major crises with which the Wehrmacht had had to deal in 1944: the Normandy landings, the fall of Army Group Center and, last but not least, “Romania’s betrayal” on 23 August 1944.
Exploring the Spectrum: A Detailed Review of Blood Cancer Types and Their Clinical Implications”
Authors: Amruta Ingle , Priyanka Veer , Ishwar Padvi , Ashvini Shinde
Published: December 2024

Blood cancers occur because of
changes in the structure and function of your blood
cells. Most of these cancers start in the bone
marrow, where the blood cells originate. When
stem cells mature in the bone marrow, they become
three types of blood cells: red blood cells, white
blood cells, or platelets. In most blood cancers, the
normal growth of blood cells is interrupted by the
uncontrolled growth of a different type of blood.
These abnormal blood cells, or cancer cells,
prevent blood cells from doing many things, such
as fighting infections or preventing excessive
bleeding. There are three main groups of blood
cancers: leukemia, lymphoma (Hodgkin's
lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma), myeloma
and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The
treatment of leukemia depends on the type of
cancer, age, how fast the cancer is progressing,
where the cancer has spread and other factors, and
some of the common treatments for leukemia are
chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and sometimes,
stem cells and bone marrow exchange.[1]
Nutraceutical Characterization of formulated Contemporary Cereal Nutri bar Endowed with Pumpkin Seed Powder and Whey Protein concentrate
Authors: Manshi Manshi , Chaturvedi Neelam
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Nowadays, health-conscious
consumers attend to nutritional, health, and easyto-use products. Demand for healthy snacks is
significantly increasing. Present study aimed to
develop contemporary cereal nutri bars by
incorporating pumpkin seed powder and whey
protein concentrate powder and assess their
nutraceutical characterization.
Study methods: We analyzed seventeen cereal
nutri bars samples for sensory analysis and the best
cereal nutri bar was carried out for further mineral,
amino acids, sugar content and bioactive
components. Mineral and amino acids content were
performed following the AAS and HPLC method.
Bioactive compounds of the cereal nutri bars were
determined by the 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
(DPPH) free radical scavenging and Ferric
reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) by modified
method, respectively.
Results and discussion: Results of sensory
evaluation showed the T9 cereal nutri bar scored
the highest mean score among all seventeen
treatments of cereal nutri bars. Mineral content
analysis revealed that cereal nutri bar have a
significant amount of copper, iron, zinc and
calcium. Essential amino acids such as cysteine,
threonine, phenylalanine, lysine, methionine,
tyrosine and BCAA have significant amounts in
cereal nutri bar. Cereal nutri bar had significantly
higher total phenolic content, total flavonoid
content and antioxidant activity respectively.
Conclusion: This study showed that developed
contemporary cereal nutri bar increase market’s
revenue and enable the snack market to develop
new type snack bars.
Synthesis, Characterization and study of molecular docking of a new Azo-Schiff base ligand with its metal complexes
Authors: Rham Najeh Kurdy  , Ibtihal Kadhim Kareem
Published: December 2024

The new heterocyclic ligand [8-((1E)-(2-(((4-fluorobenzylidene)amino)methyl)phenyl)diazenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-3,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione] (4F-DBAPD) was prepared from the diazotization of Ortho-aminobenzylamine with (1,3-dimethyl-3,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione), followed by the condensation of the resulting compound with 4- Floro Benzaldehyde. Different analytical and characterization techniques including (mass,1HNMR, FT-IR and UV-Vis. spectroscopy and C.H.N elemental analysis) in the investigation of newly prepared ligand. A series of novel solid metal complexes of this ligand with Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II) and Zn (II) were prepared and all complexes were characterization by techniques above, excluding the mass and the 1H-NMR spectroscopy of some prepared solid metal complexes and the use of flame atomic absorption spectroscopy to determine the percentages of metal ions in the prepared complexes also studied the magnetic susceptibility and molar conductivity of the metal complexes dissolved in DMSO at 1 × 10-3 M concentration laboratory temperature. The results of this studies showed that the coordination sites for the new Azo-Schiff base ligand with Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II)and Zn (II) were to be through nitrogen of the theophylline ring, ,the nitrogen of azo group and the nitrogen of azomethine group . The Electronic spectral and magnetic measurement data predict octahedral structure of the complexes .All complexes showed that electrolytes properties. In the final stage of the study, Molecular docking technology was used to study the biological effect of the new ligand and its complexes as anti-lung cancer agents and to compare the most effective of them on this type of cancer to propose it as a treatment.
Development and Analysis of Inorganic Perovskite material for Solar Cells
Authors: Hala Allawi Kadhum  , Khazaal Majida
Published: December 2024

In this work, for the first time, a blend of a prepared nano barium titanate (BaTiO3) using the hydrothermal method and Cs3Bi2I9 was used as a perovskite material for photo anode layer fabrication to be used in photovoltaic pv solar cell. This prepared layer was characterized through XRD, SEM and UV-Vis spectroscopy and the findings state that the band gap of the prepared layer was reduced further compared to the original material of barium titanate (insulating material) suggesting that the prepared material is promising in the PV cell. This fact was further confirmed through performance testing, which showed that the short circuit current (Isc) measured 5 mA and the photoconversion efficiency (PCE) was 2.4%. It was found the morphology of the prepared layer was also improved.
Synthesis, Identifications and Study Inhibitory anti-Cancer Activity for Some New Heterocyclic Compounds from Derivatives Coumarine
Authors: Aras Abbas Yassien Al-Fatlawi  , Faez Abdul-Hussein Al- Rammahi
Published: December 2024

In this research paper, our work included the synthesis of some new heterocyclic organic derivatives compounds {penta, hexa, hepta, and octa} rings membered by using Schiff Base reaction methods. These cyclic derivatives have given good results, in anti-cancer Activity, and can be prepared there are compounds in three steps.
First step:-\ It involves the preparation of some heterocyclic penta-cyclic derivatives; it is contained from Imidazolidine (five ring members).
Second step:-\ It includes the preparation of some new heterocyclic hepta and octa derivate containing from 1, 3- Oxazepine and Oxazapane (hepta and octa ring saturated and unsaturated members)  
Third step:-\ involved the study inhibitory of activity anticancer of some compounds synthesis from this line. The compounds were analyzed and characterized using spectrum photometers by {FT-IR, 1HNMR}
Desarrollo de un prototipo para la vinculación de los actores del ecosistema de innovación universitario
Authors: Guerrero Gutiérrez Edward M.A. , Pelay Johanna , Guerra de Castillo Zoila
Published: December 2024

Las universidades desempeñan un papel fundamental en la dinamización de los ecosistemas de innovación al ser fuentes primordiales de conocimiento que fluye hacia los sectores público, privado y académico. Sin embargo, este flujo de conocimiento se ve obstaculizado por la carencia de canales de comunicación efectivos. Para abordar esta problemática, este estudio se enfocó en la concepción y desarrollo de un prototipo para dispositivos móviles y tabletas, utilizando metodologías Lean y herramientas de pensamiento de diseño. En las etapas de definición, investigación e ideación, se emplearon las metodologías de propuesta de valor y modelo Lean Canvas, con la participación de representantes de instituciones universitarias de España, Panamá, Guatemala, Perú, Ecuador, Argentina, Colombia y Chile. El desarrollo del prototipo, que incluye una aplicación para móviles y otra para tabletas, se llevó a cabo en Ecuador. Los prototipos desarrollados incluyen una interfaz con funcionalidades específicas, como la capacidad de búsqueda de inversionistas para sus proyectos y la posibilidad de establecer redes con distintas universidades. Además, permite a los usuarios crear y publicar noticias, ver el estatus de los proyectos y realizar preguntas a expertos. Estos prototipos fueron diseñados para crear un espacio dinámico donde investigadores, emprendedores, empresarios, inversionistas y mentores puedan interactuar de manera fluida. El impacto potencial de estas aplicaciones radica en su capacidad para fomentar, fortalecer y potencializar los vínculos y canales de comunicación entre todos los actores del ecosistema de innovación universitario.
East Shield – a mechanism for strengthening the security and resilience of Central and Eastern European countries using the example of Poland’s eastern border
Authors: Zyguła Alicja , Piskorska Beata
Published: December 2024

Security, in both the national and international dimensions, evolves rapidly, with constant emerging threats and challenges. A noteworthy aspect gaining significance in the realm of international security architecture is the increasing necessity for states to enhance their resilience. This involves developing conditions, resources, and strategies to adapt to new, varied, and unexpected conditions in both physical and cyberspace realities. A new quality of the security environment and the threats it generates obliges us to look for solutions that increase the security of the state. One of the ways to strengthen Polish security relates to border protection, so the concept of strengthening the Polish eastern border has become an impetus for scientific reflection on the national deterrence and defence program Tarcza Wschód. The Central and Eastern European region and individual countries within it are focusing efforts to increase resilience and security, therefore, this article is an attempt to analyse the role and tasks of the new mechanism in increasing the military security of the state.
A Historical and Linguistic Overview of the Maltese Language
Authors: Abou El-Ardat Hadil
Published: December 2024

The Maltese language, a unique member of the Semitic language family, is shaped by strong influences from Malta’s conquerors. What distinguishes the Maltese language from others is Malta’s resilience; despite the various visitors to the island, the language has endured, absorbing influences from each of its visitors and inhabitants in turn. The aim of this paper is to explore the history of Malta and its language, delving into their origin, and how Malta’s visitors, together with Romance languages of Europe, left an impact on the intertwined entity of Malta and its language. This paper analyzes historical sources that show Malta’s rich history and events that have shaped it into the country it is today, tracing the development of Maltese over time. Moreover, it delves into the linguistic aspects of Maltese that include phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. A qualitative analysis is applied in the research. The Maltese language is analyzed in regard to Semitic and Romance languages, showing the uniqueness of Maltese and how it is unlike any other language in Europe. This allows the conclusion that Maltese should be studied in more detail, uncovering its roots and linguistic characteristics, as well as evidence of Malta’s turbulent, yet interesting history.
Peningkatan Pemberdayaan Diri dan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 dengan Pendidikan Pemberdayaan Diabetes Berbasis Model Promkes di RSUD Pondok Gede
Authors: Fauzi Achmad
Published: December 2024

Diabetes Melitus merupakan kombinasi dari restitensi insulin dan kelainan pada produksi insulin pada beta sel pankreas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa pengaruh pendidikan pemberdayaan diabetes berbasis promkes terhadap peningkatan pemberdayaan dan kualitas hidup pada penderita diabetes. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan studi eksperimental yaitu menilai perubahan self-empowerment dan Quality of life pada penderita Diabetes Mellitus tipe-2 dengan pendekatan Edukasi Promkes dengan menggunakan design quasy experiment yaitu membandingkan 2 kelompok, antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan dengan sampel sebanyak 20 orang yang dibagi menjadi kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol. Hasil uji statistik Wilxocon signed rank test pada kelompok perlakuan dengan signifikasi p < 0.05 diperoleh nilai p = 0.005, sehingga hasil tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa pada kelompok perlakuan terjadi peningkatan self- empowerment yang signifikan antara sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan pendekatan edukasi/promkes, sedangkan hasil uji statistik Wilxocon signed rank test pada kelompok kontrol diperoleh nilai p = 0,916 sehingga hasil tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa pada kelompok kontrol tidak terjadi perubahan self-empowerment dan quality of life yang signifikan sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan.
Theoretical Perspectives on Parental Involvement in Children's ESL Learning: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Alias Nurul Zulaikha , Abdullah Kamal Siti Soraya Lin , Ginanto Dion Efrijum
Published: December 2024

This systematic literature review (SLR) aimed to explore the theoretical frameworks used to comprehend parental involvement in ESL children's learning. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, the review analysed relevant articles published within the last five years (2019-2023) by utilising the SCOPUS database for electronic data searching. The findings revealed that Vygotsky's sociocultural theory emerged as the most frequently employed framework. Moreover, several other theories such as Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler's model of parental involvement, Walker et al.'s model, Bourdieu's social class theory, asset-based framework, and Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory were also employed in some of the reviewed articles. On the other hand, some other studies did not use any theories and they drew upon relevant concepts related to parental involvement. The absence of explicit theoretical frameworks hindered the depth of understanding and interpretation of research findings, limiting the ability to provide comprehensive explanations and insights into parental involvement in ESL children's learning. The implications of the findings suggest that a strong theoretical foundation is crucial in understanding parental involvement in children's ESL learning. This understanding can inform the design and implementation of effective interventions and strategies to enhance parental involvement in ESL education, ultimately leading to improved outcomes for ESL children.
Health and Safety Challenges in Bridge Construction: A Comprehensive Review of Workplace Accidents
Authors: Konstandakopoulou Foteini
Published: December 2024

The construction of bridges is a critical component of infrastructure advancement; however, it is accompanied by considerable occupational risks. This review article investigates the common types, underlying causes, and repercussions of global accidents in bridge construction projects. The study of data derived from diverse case studies, industry analyses, and scholarly publications identifies prevalent risk factors, including falls from heights, equipment malfunctions, and structural failures. The discussion extends to the ramifications of these incidents on worker safety, project schedules, and financial implications. Additionally, the paper assesses existing safety measures and their efficacy in risk reduction. It also emphasizes innovative technologies and best practices that hold the potential for improving safety conditions in bridge construction. By integrating this information, a thorough insight into the industry's challenges and suggestions for strategies for enhancing safety protocols are provided. This research is vital in minimizing occupational hazards and fostering safer work environments in bridge construction initiatives.
Vitamin D Status in Different Age Groups of the Population of Khanty-Mansiysk
Authors:   Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy, Korchina Tatyana Ya. , Korchin Vladimir I. , Fedorova Elena P. , Dyachkov Vladimir V. , Grubii Olga V. , Ratiev Aleksey V. , Fomicheva Tatyana P. , Molchanova Zhanna I.
Published: December 2024

Taking into account the wide range of physiological effects of vitamin D on the human body and the dependence of its synthesis in the skin on insolation, it is of undoubted interest to study vitamin D status in various population groups in the Russian North. The purpose of this article was to investigate vitamin D levels in the blood serum of people of various age groups living in Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia. Materials and methods. The research was conducted at the clinical and biochemical laboratory of the district clinical hospital in KhantyMansiysk during the autumn–winter–spring periods of 2021, 2022 and 2023. The study involved 3120 residents of Khanty-Mansiysk (61°N), including 493 children and adolescents, 798 young people, 887 middle-aged and 942 older adults. Their serum 25(OH)D levels were determined using enzyme immunoassay; the arithmetic mean (M), standard deviation and median (Me) as well as minimum and maximum values were calculated. The obtained data were compared with the reference values. Results. Vitamin D deficiency was established in all studied groups of the population of Khanty-Mansiysk regardless of their sex, being the most pronounced in children and adolescents due to intensive growth (M = 23.5 ng/ml, Me = 22.1 ng/ml) and in older adults (M = 22.5 ng/ml, Me = 21.7 ng/ml) due to significantly declined synthesis of cholecalciferol in the skin when exposed to ultraviolet radiation. There is a need for a widespread implementation of educational programmes informing healthcare workers and the population about the importance of vitamin D for metabolism, the prevalence of conditions related to vitamin D deficiency, and the measures for hypovitaminosis D prevention, such as consuming vitamin D-rich foods and taking vitamin D supplements in combination with longer sun exposure time in the south of Russia and abroad.
Analysis of the kinetics of water loss in pectin-based polymer films to evaluate their sorption properties
Authors:   Astrakhan State Technical University, Strelchenko V. V. , Nugmanov A. H-Kh. ,   Astrakhan State Technical University; Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Aleksanyan I. Yu. ,   Astrakhan State Technical University, Khadaev A. V. ,   Astrakhan State Technical University, Mukhanbetova I. R. ,   Astrakhan State Technical University
Published: December 2024

Pectin-based biopolymer films have attracted considerable interest due to their potential as an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional petroleum-derived plastics. The paper describes the determination of the sorption parameters of film materials based on the study of kinetic patterns of moisture removal from them and provides recommendations on the prospects for research and implementation of original biodegradable polymer materials for food packaging. Infrared drying is one of the effective methods for removing moisture from polymer films used in the food and packaging industries; it ensures rapid and uniform drying of materials with minimal energy consumption.
Eurasian project – the basis of Russia's multi-vector policy
Authors:   V.N. Tatishchev Astrakhan State University, Usmanov R. Kh.
Published: December 2024

The author analyzed the current state of foreign policy of the Russian Federation, revealed the role and influence of Russia as a Eurasian subject in international geopolitical processes and its participation in the formation of Greater Eurasia. On the basis of modern methodology and comparative analysis the processes of formation of the global South are considered. The main provisions of the new Foreign Policy Concept of the Russian Federation and the trends of the Eurasian project as the basis of Russia's multi-vector policy are analyzed. The directions and vector of development of the Eurasian geopolitical space and its main priorities, taking into account the challenges and threats of international conflicts, are outlined. Examples are given of the activities of the Caspian littoral states, transport corridors of the North-South ITC and allied blocs of the EAEU, BRICS, SCO, as well as the role of the Astrakhan region as the Southern outpost of Russia.
Philosophical and political methodological approaches to determining the essence of Russian patriotism
Authors:   Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Stavropol branch, Masalov A. G.
Published: December 2024

The article examines various methodological approaches to determining the essence of the phenomenon called "patriotism", substantiates the opinion that patriotism is a set of socially significant human qualities manifested in a grateful attitude to the Motherland – the place of his birth and the social environment in which his life takes place. On the basis of a retrospective analysis of changes in the criteria of patriotism dominating in the public consciousness, the statement is substantiated about the paramount importance for the formation of patriotic qualities of a person of his ordinary consciousness, formed by primary socialization in a particular place of residence, and their subsequent addition to purposeful patriotic education conducted by state educational authorities and other public formations. The priorities of patriotic education, which are changed by the state at different stages of the history of Russia, determine the change of types of Russian patriotism.
Financial support for targeted programs in the field of environmental protection and environmental management
Authors:   North-Caucasus Federal University, Postulga L. V.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The article discusses the problems of financial support for targeted environmental programs.
Materials and Methods. The methods of legal analysis, synthesis, generalization and comparative law were used, which allowed us to develop possible solutions to the problems under study.
Analysis. The reforms of budget, tax and environmental legislation carried out at the beginning of the XXI century actually destroyed the existing ecological and economic mechanism of nature management, which led to significant problems in the field of financial support for program activities. Currently, government programs are an important tool for financial support of environmental protection and are considered as a legal form and legal basis for financing environmentally significant activities, but they cannot fully demonstrate their effectiveness. The main source of financing for environmental protection measures is currently budgetary funds. Financing from nonbudgetary sources is underdeveloped, which can cause problems of lack of funding, which are particularly acute on the ground. Among other problems of financial support for environmental protection measures, it should be noted the tendency to decrease the total amount of financing, the lack of financial support for certain important activities, financing from the amount of available funds, uneven distribution of budget allocations in the budget cycle.
Results. Proposals are being put forward to improve the financial support system for targeted environmental programs, which will make them an effective tool for environmental planning even in the face of anti-Russian sanctions, a pandemic and an economic crisis.