bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment of patients with anastomotic stricture scar gastrointestinal (scientific report)
Authors: Полуэктов  , Poluektov V.
Published: February 2015

A large number of operations on the gastrointestinal anastomoses various superimposed ends. Unfortunately, in some cases, the healing anastomosis stricture formation ends. Over the past years there have been an effective minimally invasive treatments anastomotic stricture based on the violent, mechanical expansion narrowing of the anastomosis. And when they are used may occur serious complications.

This article presents the different ways to improve treatments for anastomotic stricture of the gastrointes-tinal tract by means of endoscopic tools that will improve the safety of these methods.

The results of treatment of cicatricial strictures anastomoses on advanced techniques in 42 patients.

In particular, in all patients, the technique used to ensure the removal of scar strictures. In one case, prob-ing, there was bleeding from the area of the anastomosis, which was verified during the procedure, allowing for a timely endoscopic hemostasis with a favorable outcome. Other complications.

The article concluded that improved methods of treating scar stricture of anastomosis of the gastrointes-tinal tract, applied in the clinic are highly have a minimum number of complications and are the method of choice in this pathology.
The role of carbohydrate-protein biopolymers and hyaluronic acid at the resistance formation of hard dental tissues against pathological processes of carious and non-carious genesis
Authors: Лещева  , Leshcheva E. , Ипполитов  , Ippolitov I. , Ипполитов  , Ippolitov Yuriy , Моисеева  , Moiseeva N.
Published: February 2015

At the series of histochemical studies hypothesis of existence of a "cationic protein" in human tooth structure and set of its amino acids components and hyaluronic acid has been checked. Taking into account histogenesis and cytogeny of tooth structure and the earlier results received from the epidermis and multilayer partly keratinous epithelium of the oral mucosa, special studies had been created, based on the original equipment preparation of paraffin sections, and thin sections of the whole teeth and modified histochemical identification technology of carbohydrate-protein biopolymers in hard dental tissues. Histological slides are prepared from extracted for orthodontic indications teeth. Sectioned and examined thin sections of teeth has investigated in transmitted light for issues related to topochemistry of carbohydrate-protein biopolymers and hyaluronic acid concerning the distribution in structures of enamel, dentin, predentin, cellular and acellular cement. Identified carbohydrate-protein biopolymers and substances of protein nature objectively fill inter prismatic enamel areas, dentin tubules and their walls, localized in the cement structure of tooth and its soft tissues forming a physiologi-cal barrier to microorganisms and their metabolic products as in the demineralizing processes as for the mechan-ical interventions during the vital activity and medical interventions.
Possibilities of led technologies usage for the treatment and preventive maintenance of chronic periodontitis on the dental reception
Authors: Беленова  , Belenova I. , Кобзева  , Kobzeva Galina
Published: February 2015

Background. In article the possibilities of use of LED-technologies in terms of periodontal reception are considered.

Materials. The study population consisted of patients (59) with chronic generalized periodontitis. All sub-jects were allotted to 2 groups.

Methods All of the patients of the first group treated with conventional therapy and the use of modulated light diodes in the red spectral region. Second group was a comparison group. The patients in this group underwent traditional methods of treatment. The studied parameters included to assess cytological and bacteriological, parameters of gingival fluid and Clinical examination, definition of socio-dental indicators the social impact of dental disease.

Result. The results of research has shown that after the complex treatment of chronic periodontitis with a modulated diode light in the red spectral region, changes in periodontal tissues has positive dynamic in patients of group 1 on the 3-4 visit, in the two groups on the 6-7.

Conclusion. The study motivatesthe inclusion of fotodinamotherapy into complex tretment of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis
Rheumatic diseases and pregnancy (review)
Authors: Мишина  , Mishina Yu. , Барсукова  , Barsukova N.
Published: February 2015

Pregnancy in patients with rheumatic disease is an important and well-recognized problem. The conception is recommended if patient is in clinical remission and pharmacological burden is minimal at least 3 months prior to the conception. There is often a clinical improvement in early pregnancy. Risk factors of complicated pregnancy include persistent high disease activity and positive ACCP. rheumatoid diseases (RA) does not affect fertility directly, decreased fertility is observed in case of comorbidity (APLS) or some medications. The pregnancy is uncomplicated in inactive RA and results in natural childbirth. Risk factors of complicated delivery include presence of Ro-SSA/La-SSB and anti-phospholipid antibodies. Provided are some general recommenda-tions on pharmacotherapy of patients with RA planning pregnancy. The most commonly used disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and immunosuppressants are reviewed peripartum and postpartum. Safety for the child is determined by the drug concentration in the milk of breastfeeding mother. Suggested here is a plan on how to manage a rheumatic disease during pregnancy.
Treatment of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Bird Louise , Walker David
Published: February 2015

This series of four articles explores the pathophysiology and treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI). We review the causes of CKD and AKI, treatment options and secondary complications. CKD and AKI are both relatively common in general practice, and early identification and appropriate management may improve the outcome of patients with these conditions. This second article focuses on the treatment of CKD.
Canine glaucoma
Authors: Oliver James
Published: February 2015

Glaucoma may be either primary (inherited) or secondary owing to other intraocular pathology. Clinical signs can be variable but the main consistent risk factor for glaucoma is elevated intraocular pressure. Both medical and surgical treatment options exist although the long-term prognosis is often poor, especially for primary glaucoma, with many eyes ultimately needing to be removed.
Tarantula husbandry and critical care
Authors: Pellett Sarah , Bushell Mark , Trim Steven A
Published: February 2015

Tarantulas are gaining popularity as pets, and are seen more frequently in practice. Disease recognition and prevention is essential amongst collections. Clinical examination of spiders and common conditions are discussed in this article.
Type 1 diabetes cuts lifespan by more than a decade
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: February 2015

Despite improvements in treatment and management, diabetes still cuts lives short, explains Mark Greener
Discussing end-of-life care with COPD patients
Authors: Kochhar Suneeta
Published: February 2015

The case of a patient with a terminal prognosis offers useful learning. Suneeta Kochhar writes
Interventions that prevent prediabetes from becoming type 2
Authors: Morris David
Published: February 2015

In the second in a series, David Morris outlines how best to prevent patients developing type 2 diabetes
The foundations of achievement
Authors: Bromley Matt
Published: February 2015

When students achieve, it is down to logical patterns of cause and effect, says Matt Bromley. He identifies the traits that high-achievers often display and looks at how to encourage effective study skills in our students
Thinking like a nurse: The pedagogical power of process drama
Authors: Reid-Searl Kerry , McAllister Margaret , Sinclair Christine
Published: February 2015

We aim to empower nursing students to understand that their actions can positively contribute to health care, and to develop professionals who humanize the health workforce. We have designed simulation learning experiences using process drama, Mask-Ed (KRS Simulation). Participants are engaged in a series of structured improvisations emphasizing collaborative discovery and idea development. With no external audience, educator and students are simultaneously actors, directors, technicians and audience. The process builds skills of engagement, empathy and problem solving. Action periods are followed by reflection periods, and participants link the fictional world of the drama and their everyday reality. Educators carefully design and act as masked characters, using realistic props to simulate a person with a health care need whose life story promotes student engagement with issues exacerbating negative health outcomes. Mask-Ed builds clinical skills while sensitizing students to concepts such as the body in nursing and how to think like a nurse.
Arts participation, mental well-being and social inclusion: Mixed methods evaluation of an Open Arts studio for people with mental health needs
Authors: Wilson Ceri , Secker Jenny , Kent Lyn
Published: February 2015

Participatory arts projects are thought to increase mental well-being and social inclusion for people with mental health difficulties. This article presents a one-year evaluation of the Open Arts studio at Hadleigh Old Fire Station (HOFS) in Essex, England, established to provide opportunities for mental health service users to carry out art-making independently with professional support. The evaluation was a mixed-methods design, with qualitative and quantitative strands. A total of 23 studio members completed measures of mental well-being and social inclusion at baseline and follow-up, and scores increased significantly over time. Members’ comments indicated increased social support, confidence, motivation and mental well-being, in addition to decreased social isolation. Despite small sample sizes, this evaluation provides promising evidence of gains in mental well-being and social inclusion. The question of longer-term benefits beyond the studio placement remains to be addressed, but results add further support to the use of participatory arts in promoting mental health and well-being.
Reviews
Authors: Herman Lisa , Brooks Darlene , Oriani Paula
Published: February 2015

The Healing Forest in Post-Crisis Work with Children — A Nature Therapy and Expressive Arts Program for Groups, Ronen Berger and Mooli Lahad (2013) London and Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 128 pp., ISBN: 9781849054058, RRP £19.99/$29.95, p/bk

Musical Encounters with Dying: Stories and Lessons, Islene Runningdeer (2013) London and Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 158 pp., ISBN: 9781849059367, £17.99/$29.95, p/bk

Weaving the Americas, First Regional Latin American Symposium on Expressive Arts Held in Guatemala: Integrating our Past, Present and Future through Expressive Arts, 27–28 February and 1 March 2014
Database for tropospheric product evaluations - implementation aspects
Authors: Douša Jan , Győri Gabriel
Published: February 2015

The high-performance GOP Tropo database for evaluating tropospheric products has been developed at the Geodetic Observatory Pecný. The paper describes initial database structure and aimed functionality. Special focus was given to the optimizing effort in order to handle billions of records. Evaluation examples demonstrate its current functionality, but future extensions and developments are outlined too.
Developing web map application based on user centered design
Authors: Voldán Petr
Published: February 2015

User centred design is an approach in process of development any kind of human product where the main idea is to create a product for the end user. This article presents User centred design method in developing web mapping services. This method can be split into four main phases – user research, creation of concepts, developing with usability research and lunch of product. The article describes each part of this phase with an aim to provide guidelines for developers and primarily with an aim to improve the usability of web mapping services.
Designing a New Raster Sub-System for GRASS-7
Authors: Hrubý Martin
Published: February 2015

The paper deals with a design of a new raster sub-system intended for modern GIS systems open for client and server operation, database connection and strong application interface (API). Motivation for such a design comes from the current state of API working in GRASS 6. If found attractive, the here presented design and its implementation (referred as RG7) may be integrated to the future new generation of the GRASS Geographical Information System version 7-8. The paper describes in details the concept of raster tiling, computer storage of rasters and basic raster access procedures. Finally, the paper gives a simple benchmarking experiment of random read access to raster files imported from the Spearfish dataset. The experiment compares the early implementation of RG7 with the current implementation of rasters in GRASS 6. As the result, the experiment shows the RG7 to be significantly faster than GRASS in random read access to large raster files.
Introducing the new GRASS module g.infer for data-driven rule-based applications
Authors: Löwe Peter
Published: February 2015

This paper introduces the new GRASS GIS add-on module g.infer. The module enables rule-based analysis and workflow management in GRASS GIS, via data-driven inference processes based on the expert system shell CLIPS. The paper discusses the theoretical and developmental background that will help prepare the reader to use the module for Knowledge Engineering applications. In addition, potential application scenarios are sketched out, ranging from the rule-driven formulation of nontrivial GIS-classification tasks and GIS workflows to ontology management and intelligent software agents.
PostGIS-Based Heterogeneous Sensor Database Framework for the Sensor Observation Service
Authors: Maduako Ikechukwu
Published: February 2015

Environmental monitoring and management systems in most cases deal with models and spatial analytics that involve the integration of in-situ and remote sensor observations. In-situ sensor observations and those gathered by remote sensors are usually provided by different databases and services in real-time dynamic services such as the Geo-Web Services. Thus, data have to be pulled from different databases and transferred over the network before they are fused and processed on the service middleware. This process is very massive and unnecessary communication and work load on the service. Massive work load in large raster downloads from flat-file raster data sources each time a request is made and huge integration and geo-processing work load on the service middleware which could actually be better leveraged at the database level. In this paper, we propose and present a heterogeneous sensor database framework or model for integration, geo-processing and spatial analysis of remote and in-situ sensor observations at the database level.  And how this can be integrated in the Sensor Observation Service, SOS to reduce communication and massive workload on the Geospatial Web Services and as well make query request from the user end a lot more flexible.
From Discovery to Impact - Near Earth Asteroids
Authors: Tichý Miloš , Honková Michaela , Tichá Jana , Kočer Michal
Published: February 2015

The Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) are the most important of the small bodies of the solar system, having the capability of close approaches to the Earth and the chance to collide with the Earth.  We present here the current system of discovery of these dangerous objects, standards for selecting useful and important targets for NEO follow-up astrometry, system of impact probabilities calculations, and also determination of impact site and evacuation area.
Quantum GIS plugin for Czech cadastral data
Authors: Kratochvílová Anna , Petráš Václav
Published: February 2015

This paper presents new Quantum GIS plugin for Czech cadastral data and its development. QGIS is a rapidly developing cross-platform desktop Geographic Information System (GIS) released under the GNU GPL. QGIS is written in C++, and uses the Qt library. The plugin is developed in C++, too. The new plugin can work with Czech cadastral data in the new Czech cadastral exchange data format called VFK (or NVF). Data are accessed through VFK driver of the OGR library. The plugin should facilitate the work with cadastral data by easy search and presenting well arranged information. Information is displayed in the way similar to web applications, thus the control is friendly and familiar for users. The plugin supports interaction with map using QGIS functionality and it is able to export various cadastral reports. This paper provides ideas which can be generalized to develop QGIS plugin dealing with specific data.
Genetic Algorithm in the Computation of the Camera External Orientation
Authors: Urban Rudolf , Štroner Martin
Published: February 2015

The article addresses the solution of the external orientation of the camera by means of a generic algorithm which replaces complicated calculation models using the matrix inverse. The computation requires the knowledge of four control points in the spatial coordinate system and the image coordinate system. The computation procedure fits very well computer-based solutions thanks to it being very simple.
Application of e-learning in the TEMAP project
Authors: Potůčková Markéta , Bayer Tomáš
Published: February 2015

Map collections belong to valuable parts of the cultural heritage of each nation. The TEMAP project focuses on development and utilisation of modern digitaltechnologies for on-line accessibility of map collections as well as their cataloguing and protection. The article introduces the concept of an e-learning course that aims at explanation of methodologies and software tools applied and developed in scope of the project. The main focus is on the modules Georeferencing and Cartometric analysis that comprise description of the on-line tool Georeferencer and free software packages MapAnalyst and detectproj.
Kinetische Bühnen
Authors: Tabacki Nebojsa
Published: February 2015

Im Theater spielt der Raum mit. Die Szenografie agiert. Nebojsa Tabacki untersucht in diesem Band erstmalig für den deutschsprachigen Raum einige besondere szenografische Bühnenspektakel: An zwei außergewöhnlichen Szenografen, Sean Kenny und Josef Svoboda, geht er den innovativen Entwicklungen rund um kinetische Bühnen nach und stellt exemplarisch die Aufführungen von Kennys »Oliver« (1960), »Blitz« (1962) und »Clownaround« (1972) sowie von Svobodas »Ring des Nibelungen« (London 1974-1976) vor. Er zeigt: Aufgrund der bahnbrechenden Neuerungen für die Bühne wurden neue Konzepte für Theaterbauten entwickelt und entworfen. Dem theaterbegeisterten Leser eröffnet sich so eine neue, faszinierende Seite der Bühne.
Mensch und Schwan
Authors: Bei der Wieden Brage
Published: February 2015

Tiere sind Objekte der menschlichen Umwelt. Sie werden wahrgenommen und wirken auf die Menschen und ihre Handlungen ein. Am Beispiel von Schwänen - auffälligen, aber nicht domestizierten Vögeln - untersucht Brage Bei der Wieden die Kontakte zwischen Mensch und Tier und geht den durch sie angeregten Vorstellungen und von realen Wahrnehmungen mitunter ganz unabhängigen Traditionen nach. Jagd und Schwanenhaltung geraten ebenso in den Fokus wie theologische Exegesen und Motive aus Mythologie, Kunst, Literatur und Kitsch. Lassen sich Differenzen, Muster und Veränderungen in Raum-Zeit-Koordinaten bestimmen? Werkzeuge der Geschichtswissenschaft, die Quellenkritik und die Analyse der Quellen in ihrem Kontext eröffnen neue Perspektiven.
Sexualität und Beziehungen bei den »68ern«
Authors: Verlinden Karla
Published: February 2015

Die »68er« haben Beziehungsgestaltung und Sexualität zum Politikum erklärt. Das Motto »Raus aus den Zweierbeziehungen« wurde aus marxistischen und psychoanalytischen Theorien abgeleitet - die monogame Ehe wurde als Ort sexueller Unterdrückung und Deformation ausgemacht. Im Zentrum der Interviewstudie von Karla Verlinden stehen erstmalig die vielfältigen Erfahrungen, wie sie einzelne Zeitzeug_innen heute hinsichtlich der Umsetzung und Aufbereitung polygamer, befreiter Sexualität und Beziehungsgestaltung erinnern. Die Interviews zeigen, dass der Alltag der »freien Liebe« durchaus mit Spannungen einherging, welche zwischen normativem Druck, individuellen Bedürfnissen und Geschlechterzuschreibungen oszillieren.
Directed Search with Endogenous Capacity
Authors: Godenhielm Mats , Kultti Klaus
Published: February 2015

We study a large economy where capacity-constrained sellers post prices to attract buyers. Capacity is costly and each seller chooses how many units to stock, which allows us to study the relationship between search frictions and capacity. We show that no equilibrium exists with linear costs; however, sufficiently convex costs are enough for existence. There may be several equilibria, but we show that the equilibrium payoffs to the agents are unique as well as constrained efficient. Finally, we numerically analyze how the magnitude of search frictions is affected by the capacity choices of the firms.
Nonnegative basis of a lattice
Authors: Cherednick Igor V.
Published: February 2015

A nonnegative basis of a complete lattice is constructed. The criterion of existence of a nonnegative basis of an arbitrary lattice is proved. The problem of existence of a lattice basis from an arbitrary convex cone is investigated.
An approach to the classification of Boolean bent functions of the nonlinearity degree 3
Authors: Nozdrunov Vladislav I.
Published: February 2015

We consider an approach to the classification of n-variable Boolean bent functions of the nonlinearity degree 3. We utilize the apparatus of bent rectangles introduced by S. V. Agievich. This apparatus was used for the classification of 8-variable Boolean cubic bent functions. The results of our research allow to construct cubic bent functions that depend on an arbitrary even number of variables; the construction is based on well studied quadratic bent functions.
Synthesis of 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles by organoselenium-induced radical cyclizations of N-arylacrylamides
Authors: Fu Wei-jun , Zhu Mei , Zou Guang-long
Published: February 2015

A simple and practical approach to oxindole derivatives via organoselenium-induced radical cyclizations of N-arylacrylamides has been developed. This method provides a convenient access to a variety of selenium-containing oxindoles in good to excellent yields under relatively mild reaction conditions. As one of its notable features, the radical process allows for the direct formation of a Se-C bond and the construction of a oxindole ring in one reaction.
Oxidative aza Michael addition of nitrogen-containing heterocycles to kojic acid-derived Baylis-Hillman adducts
Authors: Ghasemi Zarrin , Esfangare Hasan Kalantar
Published: February 2015

The oxidation of Baylis-Hillman adducts, obtained by the reaction of 5-benzyloxy-2-formyl-4-pyrone, with o-iodoxybenzoic acid generates β-ketomethylene intermediates that in situ undergo conjugative attack of NH-containing heterocycles such as imidazole and pyrazoles.
Weldability Characteristics of Sintered Hot-Forged AISI 4135 Steel Produced through P/M Route by Using Pulsed Current Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
Authors: Joseph Joby , Muthukumaran S. , Pandey K.S.
Published: February 2015

Present investigation is an attempt to study the weldability characteristics of sintered hot-forged plates of AISI 4135 steel produced through powder metallurgy (P/M) route using matching filler materials of ER80S B2. Compacts of homogeneously blended elemental powders corresponding to the above steel were prepared on a universal testing machine (UTM) by taking pre-weighed powder blend with a suitable die, punch and bottom insert assembly. Indigenously developed ceramic coating was applied on the entire surface of the compacts in order to protect them from oxidation during sintering. Sintered preforms were hot forged to flat, approximately rectangular plates, welded by pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding (PCGTAW) processes with aforementioned filler materials. Microstructural, tensile and hardness evaluations revealed that PCGTAW process with low heat input could produce weldments of good quality with almost nil defects. It was established that PCGTAW joints possess improved tensile properties compared to the base metal and it was mainly attributed to lower heat input, resulting in finer fusion zone grains and higher fusion zone hardness. Thus, the present investigation opens a new and demanding field in research.
Easily implementable iterative methods for variational inequalities with nonlinear diffusion–convection operator and constraints to the gradient of solution
Authors: Laitinen Erkki , Lapin Alexander , Lapin Sergey
Published: February 2015

New iterative solution methods are proposed for the finite element approximation of a class of variational inequalities with nonlinear diffusion-convection operator and constraints to the gradient of solution. Implementation of every iteration of these methods reduces to the solution of a system of linear equations and a set of two-dimensional minimization problems. Convergence is proved by the application of a general result on the convergence of the iterative methods for a nonlinear constrained saddle point problem.
Charge - Transfer Complexes of Metal Dithiolenes XXIV: Ion Pairs of the Tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethene Dication with Dithiolene Metalate Dianions
Authors: Lemke Matthias , Knoch Falk , Kisch Horst
Published: February 2015

The dication of tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethene (TDAE2+) forms ion pair complexes with [M(mnt)2]2-, mnt2-= maleonitrile-2,3-dithiolate, M(II) = Ni, Pd, Pt, and Zn. According to X-ray analysis the structure of {TDAE2+[Pt(mnt)2]2- } consists of a chain-like arrangement of planar dianions and twisted (71°) dications. Shortest interionic contacts are 11 pm longer than the corresponding van der Waals radii. In the UV-VIS diffuse reflectance spectra of the complexes with a d8 central metal there is no unambiguous evidence for the presence of an ion pair CT band. This band is observed, however, at 450 nm when the d10 metal Zn(II) is present. Application of the Hush-Marcus model affords a reorganization energy of 110 kJ / mol for electron transfer from [Zn(mnt)2]2- to TDAE2+. This value is 40 kJ / mol higher than the one reported for the analogous complex wherein TDAE2+ is replaced by a 2,2′-bipyridinium acceptor of similar reduction potential
Über die Darstellung von CH3C6H4S(O)2NCl2H+SbF-
6 und die Kristallstruktur von CH3C6H4S(O)2NCl2 / On the Synthesis of CH3C6H4S(O)2NCl2,H+SbF-
6 and the Crystal Structure of CH3C6H4S(O)2NCl2
Authors: Minkwitz Rolf , Garzarek Petra , Preut Hans
Published: February 2015

The crystal structure of CH3C6H4S(O)2NCl2 is reported. Crystals are monoclinic, space group P21/c, with a = 710.0(7), b = 1615.3(13), c = 867.2(7) pm, V = 988(2) pm3 and Z = 4. The reaction with HF/SbF5 yields CH3C6H4S(O)2NCl2H+SbF-
6 the first protonated dichloroamine salt, its vibrational -and NMR spectra are discussed
Eindimensionale Kupfer(II)-Koordinationspolymere: Kristall-Engineering durch variable Verknüpfungsmuster [1] / One Dimensional Copper(II) Coordination Polymers: Crystal Engineering through Variable Types of Linkage [1]
Authors: Saalfrank Rolf W. , Harbig Roland , Struck Oliver , Hampel Frank , Peters Eva Maria , Peters Karl , Schnering Hans Georg von
Published: February 2015

Reaction of a methanolic copper(II) acetate solution with tetrazolyl enol derivatives 2a or 2b leads to the formation of the corresponding lD-coordination polymer 1
∞[CuL2] 3a and pseudo 1D-coordination polymer [CuL2]2 3b, respectively. On the contrary, reaction of 2c with methanolic copper(II) acetate solution yields OH-bridged 1D-coordination polymer 1
∞[CuL2(MeOH)2 3c. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction of the supramolecular species 3 established unequivocally the structures of the stairlike coordination compounds. Reaction of a methanolic copper(II) acetate solution with amidotetrazole derivative 6 leads to the formation of the lD-coordination polymer 1
∞ [CuL2] 7. The structure of 7 has been established by X-ray structure analysis
Phosphorandiyl-1,3,5-triphosphinane/ Phosphonio-1,3,5-triphosphinin Kationen/ Phosphoranediyl-1,3,5-triphosphinanes / Phosphonio-1,3,5-triphosphinine Cations
Authors: Schrödel Hans-Peter , Schmidpeter Alfred
Published: February 2015

Depending on the reaction conditions, the condensation of triphenylphosphonium bis(trimethylsilyl)methylide 1 with phosphorus trichloride and phosphorus tribromide gives the cyclic trimers (Ph3P=CP-X)3, X = Cl, Br, trihalo-tris(triphenylphosphoranediyl)-1,3,5- triphosphinanes 3 and 5. In solution the compounds dissociate to give the ionic forms 4 and 6 which rapidly exchange the halide between the halophosphine and the phosphenium moieties. The exchange is slowed down when the halide ion is replaced by a tosylate ion. Substitution of the covalent chloride of 4 for diphenylphosphino groups gives again an ionic product 10, while the introduction of a morpholino group as well as the replacement of all chloride by triflate give dicationic compounds 12 and 13. Reaction of 3 with gallium trichloride finally leads to the tris(triphenylphosphonio)-1,3,5-triphosphinine trication as a major equilibrium participant.
Crystal and Molecular Structure of 3-Iodo-2-propynyl-N-butylcarbamate
Authors: Avtomonov Evgeni V. , Grüning Rainer , Lorberth Jörg
Published: February 2015

The crystal structure of the title compound has been determined by X-ray diffraction methods. Due to the Lewis acidic character of the iodine substituent a “zig-zag” chain is formed via intermolecular interactions (2.933(4) A) between iodine and oxygen atoms of theocarbamate moiety. A three-dimensional network is formed through hydrogen-bridging (2.04 A) between NH-groups and the oxygen atoms of the neighbouring carbamate group of the next molecule.
Electroreduction of Organic Compounds, 30. Cathodic Formation of 4,4,8-Trichlorodispiro[2.1.2.1] octane from 4,4,8,8-Tetrachlorodispiro[2.1.2.1] octane
Authors: Nünnecke Dirk , Voss Jürgen , Adiwidjaja Gunadi
Published: February 2015

The formation of the highly strained 1′ ,3′’-Dichlorodispiro[cyclopropane-1,2′-bicyclo[1.1.0]- butane-4′, 1″-cyclopropane] (2) by electrochemical reduction of the title compound 1, published by Strelow, Voss and Baum [2], turned out to be erroneous and has to be corrected. Instead of the formation of 2 a substitution of one chloro substituent by hydrogen takes place and the trichlorodispiro[2.1.2.1]octane 3 results. The structure of 3 is confirmed by an X-ray structural analysis.
Darstellung, 11B-, 13C -, 1H-NMR- und Schwingungsspektren von 2,2' -Bipyridylundecahydro-closo-dodecaborat(1-) sowie Kristallstruktur von (Ph4As)[(2,2′-C10H8N2)B12Hn ]·CH3CN / Synthesis, 11B, 13C, 1H NMR and Vibrational Spectra of 2 ,2'-Bipyridyl-undecahydro-closo-dodecaborate(1-) and Crystal Structure of (Ph4As)[(2 ,2'-C10H8N2)B12H11]-CH3CN
Authors: Koch T. , Preetz W.
Published: February 2015

By reaction of (n-Bu4N)2[B12H12] with 2,2′-bipyridine at 190 °C the 2,2′-bipyridyl-undecahydro- closo-dodecaborate anion [(2,2′-C10H8N2)B12H11]− is formed which can be seperated from excess [B12H12]2− by ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose. The X-ray structure determination of (Ph4As)[(2, 2′-C10H8N2)B12H11] (monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 13.3190(9), b = 10.1532(14), c = 28.788(3′) Å, β = 96.761(7)°, Z = 4) reveals that the bipyridyl substituent is bonded via one nitrogen atom. The 11B NMR spectrum exhibits a 1:5:5:1 pattern with ipso-B1 at -0.3, B2-B6 at -14.5, B7-B11 at -15.3 and antipodal-B12 at -15.9 ppm. The 13C and 1H NMR spectra show the characteristic patterns of the bipyridyl group in the range of 124.5 to 158.6 (13C) and 7.4 to 9.6 ppm (1H) respectively. The IR and Raman spectra exhibit characteristic BH stretching vibrations between 2445 and 2568 cm-1 and the stretching of the CC and CN bonds in the range of 1427 to 1619 cm-1 .
Synthese und Kristallstruktur von Tris(diethylamino)benzylphosphonium- bromiden: [(C2H5)2N]3PCH2C6H5
+ Br- · CH3CN und [(C2H5)2N]3PCH2C6H5
+ Br3
- / Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Tris(diethylamino)benzylphosphonium Bromides: [(C2H5)2N]3PCH2C6H5
+ Br- · CH3CN und [(C2H5)2N]3PCH2C6H5
+ Br3
-
Authors: Vogt H. , Quaschning V. , Ziemer B. , Meisel M.
Published: February 2015

Tris(diethylamino)benzylphosphonium bromide, [(C2H5)2N]3PCH2C6H5
+ Br− · CH3CN (1), has been prepared by the reaction of tris(diethylamino)phosphine with benzylbromide in acetonitrile and its structure determined. The colorless crystals are monoclinic, space group P21/n, Z = 4, a = 954.5(11), b = 2552(3), c = 1017.9(9) pm, β = 92.27(8)°. The lattic contains Br− anions and [(C2H5)2N]3PCH2C6H5
+ cations. [(C2H5)2N]3PCH2C6H5]+ Br3
− (2) has been obtained by treating compound 1 with equimolar quantities of elemental bromine in acetonitrile solution. The yellow-red crystals of 2 are monoclinic, space group P21/n, Z = 4, a = 1065.1(4), b = 1952.9(2), c = 1201.7(2) pm, β = 98.18(2)°, and comprise [(C2H5)2N]3PCH2C6H5
+ cations and linear Br3
− anions.
Darstellung von Cyan-iod-dinitrat NCI(ONO2)2 / Formation of Cyanoiodine Dinitrate NCI(ONO2)2
Authors: Minkwitz Rolf , Hertel Thomas
Published: February 2015

ICN reacts under oxidative addition with excess ClONO2 to yield NCI(ONO2)2, which has been characterized by its vibrational spectra. ClCN and BrCN do not react with ClONO2.
One-Pot Synthesis of Lanthanide and Yttrium Cryptates Containing Pyridine Units
Authors: Avecilla Fernando , Bastida Rufina , Blas Andrés de , Carrera Eugenia , Fenton David E. , Macías Alejandro , Platas Carlos , Rodríguez Adolfo , Rodríguez-Blas Teresa
Published: February 2015

Complexes of yttrium (III) and lanthanide(III) ions with an axial macrobicycle derived from the 2+3 Schiff-base condensation of tris(2-aminoethyl)amine with 2,6-diformylpyridine have been prepared in high yields using a one-step procedure. The complexes, with formula [M2L](NO3)6 · xH2O · ySolv, (M = Y, La - Lu, except Pm) and [M 2L](ClO4)6 · xH2O · ySolv, (M = La - Er, except Pm ), have been characterised by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, mass, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy.
[H2⊂(Mov
2O4)6O4(μ2-OH)12(MoVIO3)4]6- and [Na⊂{(MoV
2O4)3(μ2-OH)3H(PhP03)4}2]7-: A Further Example for the Validity of the Concept of Unit Construction in Polyoxometalate Chemistry
Authors: Müller Achim , Dillinger Stephan , Krickemeyer Erich , Bögge Hartmut , Plass Winfried , Stammler Anja , Haushalter Robert C.
Published: February 2015

The compound Na7[Na⊂{(MoV
2O4)3(μ2-OH)3H(PhPO3)4}2] · 2N2H4 · 26 H2O (formulation with respect to the aggregate in the crystal) has been synthesized and character­ized by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis (which alone does not allow the determi­nation of the formula), UV/Vis/NIR/IR, 31P{1H}, 1H and 23Na NMR spectroscopy as well as magnetic susceptibility measurements. The compound is formed under similar conditions as (NH2Me2)6[H2⊂(MoV
2O4)6O4(μ2-C)H)12(MoVIO3)4].Correspondingly, both cluster frame­ works are built up by the same {(MoV
2O4)3(μ2-OH)3}3+ units.
Contribution to the Chemistry of Boron, 241. Improved Synthesis of 2,4,6-Trichloroborazine
Authors: Nöth Heinrich , Sachdev Hermann
Published: February 2015

2,4,6-Trichloroborazine 2,4,6-Trichloroborazine is an important starting material for the preparation of many borazine derivatives, particularly for the parent borazine (HB=NH)3. Both are precursors for the CVD of boron nitride. Improved conditions for the synthesis of (CIB=NH)3 to give high yields are reported.
Oxyfunctionalization of Allyl Thioether Ruthenium Complexes with Dimethyldioxirane
Authors: Schenk Wolfdieter A. , Steinmetz Bernhard , Hagel Michael , Adam Waldemar , Saha-Möller Chantu R.
Published: February 2015

Abstract Allyl thioether complexes [CpRu(P-P)(SRR′)]PF6 (P-P = Ph2PCH2PPh2 (dppm), Ph2PC2H4PP2 (dppe), R = Me, Et, Ph, R′ = 3-propenyl, 3-cyclohexenyl, 2-methyl-2-buten-4-yl) and [CpRu(chir)(SRR′)]PF6 (chir = (S,S)-Ph2PCHMeCHMePPh2, R = Me, CH2Ph, R′ = 2-methyl-2-buten-4-yl) are obtained from the corresponding thiolate complexes by reaction with the appropriate allyl bromide. Careful oxidation with dimethyldioxirane (DMD) gave the allyl sulfoxide complexes [CpRu(P-P)(MeS(O)CH2CH=CH2)]PF6 (P-P = dppm, dppe). Double oxidation to the corresponding sulfinylmethyl epoxide complexes can be readily achieved with an excess of DMD. Oxidation of the chir complexes proceeds with only moderate diastereoselectivity. The structure of the (R, R/S, S) diastereomer of [CpRu(dppm)(MeS(O)CH2CHCH2O)]PF6 was determined: monoclinic space group P21/c (No. 14), a = 11.21(2), b = 16.762(9), c = 18.45(4) Å, β = 94.4(1)°, Z = 4. For a representative example, the decomplexation of the sulfoxide-epoxide ligand by sodium iodide in acetone was demonstrated.
Synthesis of N-(2-Phenyl-cyclopropyI)-Substituted Nucleoside Analogues
Authors: Csuk René , von Scholz Yvonne
Published: February 2015

A novel class of nucleoside analogues containing adenine, hypoxanthine, thymine, uracil, thiouracil and cytosine as the heterocyclic moieties have been prepared starting from 2-phenylcyclopropylamine. These compounds showed weak antitumor activity. The resolution of the racemates on an analytical scale was performed by HPLC using chiral phases.
Syntheses of Anomeric Pairs of New C-Nucleosides via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction, Part I
Authors: Maqbool Zahida , Hasan Mashooda , Pott Kevin T. , Malik Abdul , Nizami Tanveer Ahmad , Voelter Wolfgang
Published: February 2015

A convenient pathway to a variety of β-and α-C-nucleosides has been developed by utilizing 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of various exocyclic and endocyclic heterocyclic ylides with β (5a) and α (5b) anomers of ethyl 3-(2′,3′-O-isopropylidene-5′-O-trityl-D-ribofurano-syl) propiolate, respectively. Assignment of configuration at exposition of the C-nucleosides could be made by a comparative study of the properties of corresponding α and β anomers with a reasonable degree of certainity.
Syntheses of Anomeric Pairs of New C-Nucleosides via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction, Part II
Authors: Maqboor Zahida , Hasan Mashooda , Potts Kevin T. , Malik Abdul , Nizami Tanveer Ahmad , Voelter Wolfgang
Published: February 2015

1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of dipolarophiles (1) and (2) with endocyclic heterocyclic azomethine ylides (4), (14) and (24), prepared in situ, leads to the protected β-and α-C-nucleo-sides (7), (8), (17), (18), (27) and (28), respectively. These, on subsequent hydrolysis, provide the corresponding C-nucleosides. The structures of all the synthesized com pounds are con­ firmed through analytical and spectral data. The assignment of configuration at C -1′ position of the C-nucleosides could be done by a comparative study of the properties of the corre­sponding α and β anomers with a reasonable degree of certainity.
Untersuchungen zum ternären System Bi/Te/O, II. Thermisches Verhalten und Koexistenzbeziehungen von Bi2O2Te/Investigations of the Ternary System Bi/Te/O, II. The Thermal Behaviour and the Relations of Phase Coexistences of Bi2O2Te
Authors: Schmidt P. , Bosholm O. , Oppermann H.
Published: February 2015

The phase Bi2O2Te exists in the pseudobinary system Bi2O3/Bi2Te3. The thermal behaviour of Bi2O2Te was determined by DTA and X-ray analysis: The phase exists up to 620 °C and decomposes into the solid phases Bi12TeO20, Bi10Te2O19 [1] and liquid BiTe. The relations of the phase coexistences in the pseudobinary system and in the ternary area Bi2O3/TeO2/Bi2Te3/Te were investigated by solid state reactions, chemical transport reactions, and by total pressure measurements.
Chiral Phosphine Ligands in the Structural Chemistry of Gold
Authors: Bayler Angela , Bauer Andreas , Schmidbaur Hubert
Published: February 2015

The reaction of chloro(dimethylsulfide)gold(I) with (2-hydroxybutyl)diphenylphosphine (L) (racemic mixture) in dichloromethane affords high yields of the racemic chiral complex (L)AuCl. Metathesis reactions with KBr or KI, respectively, in a two-phase solvent mix­ ture (CH2CI2/H2O) lead to a conversion into the corresponding bromide and iodide complexes (L)AuBr and (L)AuI. Treatment of silver chloride with the ligand L in acetonitrile yields the analogous 1:1 adduct (L)AgCl. The compounds have been characterized by their analytical and spectroscopic data, and the structures of (L)AuCl and (L)AuBr have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compounds build isomorphous crystal lattices (monoclinic, P21/c) in which pairs of enantiomers (R-and S-configuration of L) are aggregated by two long hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl group of the ligand and the halogen substituent of the neighbouring molecule. Cationic, linear two-coordinate 1:2 complexes (L)2Au+ X-(X = BF4, CIO4, SO3CF3) and (L)2Ag+ X-(X = BF4) are obtained in good yields by reaction of L with Me2SAuCl and AgX (molar ratio 2:1:1) or with AgBF4 (molar ratio 2:1), respectively. 31P NMR studies at variable temperature show an equilibrium between all possible stereoisomers (RR, SS, RS, SR) in solution with rapid ligand exchange at ambient temperatures.
[Ni3Se(o-C6H4{CH2Se}2)3]2- und [Ni4(SeiC3H7)8], die ersten höherkernigen NickeI(II)-Komplexe mit vollständiger Selen-Ligandensphäre [Ni3Se(o-C6H4{CH2Se}2)3]2- and [Ni4(SeiC3H7)8], the First Polynuclear Nickel(II) Complexes with Complete Selenium Ligand Spheres
Authors: Müller Arnd , Henkel Gerald
Published: February 2015

Reaction of nickel(II) chloride with disodium ο-xylenediselenolate in methanol yields the trinuclear mixed selenide-selenolate complex anion [Ni3Se(ο-C6H4{CH2Se}2)3]2- (3) which was isolated both as tetramethylammonium and mixed sodium/tetraethylammonium salt of formula [Me4N]2[Ni3Se(ο-C6H4{CH2Se}2)3] · MeOH (1) and [Et4N]3Na[Ni3Se-(ο-C6H4{CH2Se}2)3]2- · 3MeOH · 3H2O (2), respectively. Crystals of 1 are triclinic, space group P1̄, a = 9.065(2), b = 13.281(3); c = 18.019(4) Å , α = 92.81(2), β = 97.55(2), γ = 105.09(2)° and Z = 2. 2 crystallizes in the rhom bohedral space group R3c with a = 20.305(5), c = 41.709(9) Å and Z = 6. The structures were refined to R = 0.0705 (1) and 0.0794 (2), respectively. Both compounds contain the complex anion [Ni3Se- (ο-C6H4{CH2Se}2)3]2- (3), which possesses the same principal structural features as the corresponding thiolato derivatives. Reaction of nickel(II) chloride with sodium iso-propane selenolate in methanol leads to the cyclic tetranuclear complex [Ni4(SeiC3H7)8] (4), which crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2/n with a = 13.161(3), b = 10.464(2), c = 14.603(2) Å , β = 94.42(1)° and Z = 2. The structure refinement converged to R = 0.0541. 4 is isostructural with the corresponding thiolato compound. The introduction of selenium instead of sulfur ligands reduces the midpoint potential of the reversible metal-centered oxidation from +595 to +285 mV.
Synthesis of the Caffeine Metabolites 5-Acetylamino-6-formylamino- 3-methyluracil (AFMU) and 5-Acetylamino-6-amino-3-methyluracil (AAMU) on a Preparative Scale
Authors: Röhrkasten R. , Raatz P. , Kreher R. P. , Blaszkewicz M.
Published: February 2015

Pyrimidine-diones, Caffeine Metabolites, Synthesis 5-Acetylamino-6-amino-3-methyluracil (AAMU) and 5-acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil (AFMU) have been prepared by simple chemical transformations starting from thiourea and ethyl cyanoacetate. These compounds AAMU and AFMU are required as standard materials for qualitative identification and quantitative determination in connection with the metabolism of caffeine.
Flagellin Gene Polymorphism Analysis of Campylobacter Compared with Antigen Serotyping
Authors: Smith Stella I. , Olukoya Daniel K. , Fox Andrew J. , Coker Akitoye O.
Published: February 2015

Flagellin gene sequence polymorphisms were used to discrimate amongst 53 strains of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli. The Campylobacter strains were made up of forty-three strains of Campylobacter jejuni and 10 strains of Campylobacter coli. The results were analysed in relation to Penner serotyping. Twenty DNA PCR -RFLP patterns (genotypes) were identified by analysis of Dde I fragment length polymorphisms in flagellin gene (fla A and fla B) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products. Flagellin gene 13 genotype was a feature of 15% of strains, followed by flagellin gene 8 (9 %). Differences in fragment patterns were observed not only between members of two species, but also between individual strains of the same species. The strains that were non-typable by the Penner serotype were distributed into 6 flagellin gene types.

In conclusion, Dde I fla typing is reproducible and offers high typability. However, when the scheme is used in combination with the Penner serotype it provides improved discrimina­tion for the characterizing and subtyping of isolates.
A Protein from the Salivary Glands of the Giant Amazon Leech with High Sequence Homology to a Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunit
Authors: Salgueiro Sancha , Potts Susan , Mcllgorm E. Ann , Ansell Keith H. , Hemberger Jürgen , Güssow Detlef
Published: February 2015

A gene coding for a soluble protein with homology to the β subunit of the nicotinic acetyl­choline receptor from goldfish was isolated from a cDNA library of Haementeria ghilianii salivary glands. Comparison of the leech protein sequence with the database showed that the N terminus has high homology with the extracellular portion of acetylcholine receptor β subunits, whilst the C terminus, highly charged, has homology to proteins which may be involved in chelating divalent cations. The leech protein was expressed in mammalian cells and the product compared to the native protein. Both proteins are glycosylated and form polymers which are disrupted by heat but not by reducing agents. A role for this protein in salivary gland secretion is suggested.
Terpenoids from Achillea clusiana
Authors: Todorova Milka N. , Tsankova Elena T. , Taskova Rilka Ml. , Peev Dimitar R.
Published: February 2015

Aerial parts of A chillea clusiana include two new chrysanthemol derivatives and three new guaianolides in addition to six known sesquiterpenoids. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.
Androconial Hairbrushes of the Syntomis (Amata) phegea (L.) Group (Lepidoptera, Ctenuchinae): A Synapomorphic Character Supported by Sequence Data of the Mitochondrial 16S rRNA Gene
Authors: Schneider Dietrich , Legal Luc , Dierl Wolfgang , Wink Michael
Published: February 2015

Males of several palaearctic Syntomis/Amata species (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) possess androconial hairbrushes in connection with the foreleg coxa. The cuticular structure of these potentially behaviour-related and pheromone dissipating brushes is described. Such malespecific organs and signals play a crucial role in the female choice procedure. The presence of hairbrushes was found in 17 out of 28 inspected species of the tribe Syntomini. All members of the Syntomis phegea group (Europe to Central Asia, as well as Caspian, Caucasian and near-middle East species) have these structures, and only three oriental and south Asian, but none of three African species, carry this trait. The common genetic base of this morphological character is supported by an analysis of mitochondrial 16S rRNA from 19 representative taxa; species with hairbrushes form a monophyletic clade and the brushes are a synapomorphic character. This genetic finding corroborates the ethological significance of these organs. Phylogenetic data show a substantial genetic divergence between the tribe Ctenuchini (New World species) and the Old World Syntomini. Furthermore, DNA sequence data suggest a split of the genus Amata (sensu Obraztsov, 1966) in two distinct genera, Amata (without hairbrushes) and Syntomis (with hairbrushes).