bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Line Ratio in the C-like Ion Spectrum O III: Testing Atomic Theory Predictions Through the Observation of Galaxies
Authors: Dreisbach Julius Richard , Bomans Dominik J. , Träbert Elmar
Published: February 2025

The progress made in atomic structure computations has indicated that certain line ratios of forbidden transitions may be slightly different from earlier assumptions. In order to check this theory, we evaluate previous observations of dwarf galaxies by the UVES spectrograph at the VLT telescope on ESO Paranal for the line ratios of branched decays in C-like oxygen ions [O III] that are insensitive to the local environment. Our findings show that the observed line ratio for [O III] (r=3.005±0.237) aligns with recent theoretical predictions based on more sophisticated models, while it deviates from older computations. Additionally, the analysis of line profiles suggests that, in some cases, the spectral resolution was insufficient to fully resolve dynamic substructures within the galaxies. Our results emphasize the importance of improved data quality and consistency for future studies, especially for future searches of finestructure constant variations at higher redshifts using this method.
Microbiome Analysis of Area in Proximity to White Spot Lesions Reveals More Harmful Plant Pathogens in Maize
Authors: Jibril Sauban Musa , Hu Yanping , Yang Kexin , Wu Jie , Li Chengyun , Wang Yi
Published: February 2025

Plant microbiomes play a major role in plant health, growth, and development, enhancing resistance to pathogen invasion. However, despite the extensive research on the phyllosphere microbiome, it remains unclear how the microbiome of leaves in proximity to diseased leaves responds to pathogen invasion. We investigate the response of the maize phyllosphere microbiome to maize white spot by assessing the microbiome dynamics associated with the white spot portion and the area in proximity using 16S and ITS high-throughput sequencing analysis. Our results showed that the bacterial diversities were higher in the diseased portion and area in proximity to the spot than those in healthy plants. At the same time, lower fungal diversity was recorded in the diseased portion compared to portions in proximity to it and healthy leaves. The spot portion had a significant influence on the microbial composition. The diseased portion, the area in proximity to it, and the healthy leaves were dominated by the bacterial genera Sphingomonas, Delftia, Chryseobacterium, Stenotrophomonas, Methylobacterium-methylorubrum, and Bacteroides. Still, the abundance of Sphingomonas decreased in the healthy leaves with a corresponding increase in Stenotrophomonas. Conversely, the fungal genus Setophoma dominated the diseased portion, while the fungal pathogens Cladosporium, Alternaria, and Exserohilum were highly abundant in the samples from the area in proximity to it. In addition, a co-occurrence network analysis revealed a complex fungal network in healthy leaves and those in proximity to leaves infected with white spot compared to the diseased portion. This study suggests that the area in proximity to the maize leaf infected with white spot disease is colonized by more harmful plant pathogenic fungi for disease progression.
Future Projections of Clouds and Precipitation Patterns in South Asia: Insights from CMIP6 Multi-Model Ensemble Under SSP5 Scenarios
Authors: Khardekar Praneta , Bhawar Rohini Lakshman , Kumar Vinay , Chaudhari Hemantkumar S.
Published: February 2025

Projecting future changes in monsoon rainfall is crucial for effective water resource management, food security, and livestock sustainability in South Asia. This study assesses precipitation, total cloud cover (categorized by cloud top pressure), and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) across the region using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) data. A multi-model ensemble (MME) approach is employed to analyze future projections under the Shared Socio-Economic Pathway (SSP5-8.5) scenario, which assumes radiative forcing will reach 8.5 W/m2 by 2100. The MME projects a ~1.5 mm/day increase in total rainfall during 2081–2100. Convective and stratiform precipitation are expected to expand spatially, with convective rainfall increasing from 3 mm/day in historical simulations to 3.302 mm/day in the far future. Stratiform precipitation also shows an increase from 0.822 mm/day to 0.962 mm/day over the same period. A notable decrease in OLR (~60 W/m2 along the Western Ghats) and an increase in high cloud cover suggest intensified monsoon rainfall. The pattern correlation coefficient (PCC) reveals reduced OLR in future scenarios (PCC ~0.77 vs. ~0.81 historically), likely due to cloud feedback mechanisms. These results highlight enhanced monsoonal activity under warming scenarios, with implications for regional climate adaptation.
Simulation of Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells with Improved Performance
Authors: Ali Saood , Kumar Praveen , Ahmad Khursheed , Khan Rais Ahmad
Published: February 2025

At present, lead halide PVSKSCs are promising photovoltaic cells but have some limitations, including their low stability in ambient conditions and the toxicity of lead. Thus, it will be of great significance to explore lead-free perovskite materials as an alternative absorber layer. In recent years, the numerical simulation of perovskite solar cells (PVSKSCs) via the solar cell capacitance simulation (SCAPS) method has attracted the attention of the scientific community. In this work, we adopted SCAPS for the theoretical study of lead (Pb)-free PVSKSCs. A cesium bismuth iodide (CsBi3I10; CBI) perovskite-like material was used as an absorber layer. The thickness of the CBI layer was optimized. In addition, different electron transport layers (ETLs), such as titanium dioxide (TiO2), tin oxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), and zinc selenide (ZnSe), and different hole transport layers, such as spiro-OMeTAD (2,2,7,7-tetrakis(N,N-di(4-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene), poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT), poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine (PTAA), and copper oxide (Cu2O), were explored for the simulation of CBI-based PVSKSCs. A device structure of FTO/ETL/CBI/HTL/Au was adopted for simulation studies. The simulation studies showed the improved photovoltaic performance of CBI-based PVSKSCs using spiro-OMeTAD and TiO2 as the HTL and ETL, respectively. An acceptable PCE of 11.98% with a photocurrent density (Jsc) of 17.360258 mA/cm2, a fill factor (FF) of 67.10%, and an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.0282 V were achieved under the optimized conditions. It is expected that the present study will be beneficial for researchers working towards the development of CBI-based PVSKSCs.
Fault Tree Analysis for Robust Design
Authors: DeGroff Jonathan , Hou Gene Jean-Win
Published: February 2025

The objective of this research is to incorporate system failure into a robust design formation and solution process. The system failure referred to here will be built using fault tree analysis (FTA), which will take all lower-level failure events into consideration. Two examples are investigated here. One will directly treat the probabilities of the basis events as design variables, The other will be formulated in five different models: deterministic design optimization, the reliability index-based, the “and” gate-based, the “or” gate-based and the “inhibit” gate-based robust design. Their corresponding optimization solutions will be compared with each other. The post-optimality analysis of each of the design optimization models is also investigated to evaluate the effect of the change in the problem parameters to the optimal solution. These problem parameters are deterministic and not treated as design variables in the optimization formulation. This research paves the way for much more broad applications of robust design optimization in the future by incorporating more advanced FTA models into the optimization solution process, such as fuzzy sets and dynamic FTA.
Exploring Impulsive and Delay Differential Systems Using Piecewise Fractional Derivatives
Authors: Saber Hicham , Ali Arshad , Aldwoah Khaled , Alraqad Tariq , Moumen Abdelkader , Alsulami Amer , Eljaneid Nidal
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates a general class of variable-kernel discrete delay differential equations (DDDEs) with integral boundary conditions and impulsive effects, analyzed using Caputo piecewise derivatives. We establish results for the existence and uniqueness of solutions, as well as their stability. The existence of at least one solution is proven using Schaefer’s fixed-point theorem, while uniqueness is established via Banach’s fixed-point theorem. Stability is examined through the lens of Ulam–Hyers (U-H) stability. Finally, we illustrate the application of our theoretical findings with a numerical example.
The Relationship of Socioeconomic Factors and Substance Abuse Treatment Dropout
Authors: Zhang Wenyu , Wu Hui
Published: February 2025

Background: Treatment dropout in substance use disorder (SUD) programs poses a significant challenge to achieving successful outcomes and leads to legal and financial issues. Socioeconomic factors have been identified as key contributors to treatment attrition; yet, the specific impact of patients’ socioeconomic conditions remains underexplored. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between socioeconomic factors and SUD treatment dropout. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of socioeconomic factors associated with treatment dropout among individuals with alcohol, marijuana, and heroin substance abuse. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between patients’ socioeconomic factors and treatment dropout. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated to quantify the strength of these associations. Results: Our findings demonstrate that demographic factors and financial status, including age (12–19 years), Black or African American race, and reliance on public assistance, correlate with an increased likelihood of treatment dropout. Black or African American patients receiving public assistance exhibit elevated dropout rates in ambulatory services, while patients of other single races without private insurance show higher dropout rates in detox services. Individuals aged 18–49 who are not part of the labor force have increased dropout rates in rehab services. Interestingly, patients in dependent living situations, who pay for services through private insurance or receive them at no charge, experience lower dropout rates as the number of arrests increases. Conversely, independently living patients with prior SUD treatments have higher dropout rates compared to those undergoing treatment for the first time. Conclusions: This study underscores the critical importance of addressing financial barriers to treatment access and retention in order to improve outcomes for individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs). Targeted interventions that support economically disadvantaged populations are essential for reducing treatment dropout rates and enhancing the effectiveness of SUD treatment programs.
Explainable Advanced Modelling of CO2-Dissolved Brine Density: Applications for Geological CO2 Storage in Aquifers
Authors: Shokrollahi Amin , Tatar Afshin , Atrbarmohammadi Sepideh , Zeinijahromi Abbas
Published: February 2025

The growing impacts of global warming demand urgent climate-change mitigation strategies, with carbon storage in saline aquifers emerging as a promising solution. These aquifers, for their high porosity and permeability, offer significant potential for CO2 sequestration. Among the trapping mechanisms, solubility trapping—where CO2 dissolves into brine—stands out for its long-term effectiveness. However, CO2 dissolution alters brine density, initiating density-driven convection that enhances CO2 migration. Accurate modelling of these density changes is essential for optimising CO2 storage strategies and improving long-term sequestration outcomes. This study presents a two-step explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) framework for predicting the density of CO2-dissolved brine in geological formations. A dataset comprising 3393 samples from 14 different studies was utilised, capturing a wide range of brine compositions and salinities. Given the complexity of brine–CO2 interactions, a two-step modelling approach was adopted. First, a random forest (RF) model predicted the brine volume (as the proxy for the density) without dissolved CO2, and then, a second RF model predicted the impact of CO2 dissolution on the brine’s volume. Feature importance analysis and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values provided interpretability, revealing the dominant role of temperature and ion mass in the absence of CO2 and the significant influence of dissolved CO2 in more complex systems. The model showed excellent predictive performance, with R2 values of 0.997 and 0.926 for brine-only and CO2-dissolved solutions, respectively. Future studies are recommended to expand the dataset, explore more complex systems, and investigate alternative modelling techniques to further enhance the predictive capabilities.
The Influence of Heat on Pediatric and Perinatal Health: Risks, Evidence, and Future Directions
Authors: Principi Nicola , Campana Beatrice Rita , Argentiero Alberto , Fainardi Valentina , Esposito Susanna
Published: February 2025

Children, particularly infants and those with chronic conditions, are highly vulnerable to heat-induced health risks, similarly to the elderly. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on the impact of heat exposure on pediatric and perinatal health. A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE and manual reference checks, focusing on studies from 2000 to 2024. Findings indicate that maternal heat exposure is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, hypertension, and increased hospital admissions. Additionally, prenatal heat stress correlates with preterm birth, low birth weight, birth defects, and stillbirth. In childhood, heat-related health consequences range from heatstroke and dehydration to renal impairment, respiratory diseases, and gastrointestinal infections. Psychosocial effects, including cognitive impairment, sleep disturbances, and mental health issues, have also been reported in school-age children and adolescents. Despite strong epidemiological evidence, critical knowledge gaps remain, including the exact temperature thresholds that increase disease risk and how these thresholds vary by age and underlying health conditions. Urgent public health measures are required to mitigate these risks, while further research is needed to define exposure–response relationships and effective interventions. Addressing the rising burden of heat-related pediatric illness is essential in the context of climate change and increasing global temperatures.
Surgical Stabilization of the Spine: A Clinical Review of Spinal Fractures, Spondylolisthesis, and Instrumentation Methods
Authors: Enache Adrian-Valentin , Toader Corneliu , Onciul Razvan , Costin Horia Petre , Glavan Luca-Andrei , Covache-Busuioc Razvan-Adrian , Corlatescu Antonio-Daniel , Ciurea Alexandru Vlad
Published: February 2025

The spine is a complex structure critical for stability, force transmission, and neural protection, with spinal fractures and spondylolisthesis posing significant challenges to its integrity and function. Spinal fractures arise from trauma, degenerative conditions, or osteoporosis, often affecting transitional zones like the thoracolumbar junction. Spondylolisthesis results from structural defects or degenerative changes, leading to vertebral displacement and potential neurological symptoms. Diagnostic and classification systems, such as AO Spine and TLICS, aid in evaluating instability and guiding treatment strategies. Advances in surgical techniques, including minimally invasive approaches, pedicle screws, interbody cages, and robotic-assisted systems, have improved precision and recovery while reducing morbidity. Vertebral augmentation techniques like vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty offer minimally invasive options for osteoporotic fractures. Despite these innovations, postoperative outcomes vary, with challenges such as persistent pain and hardware complications necessitating tailored interventions. Future directions emphasize predictive analytics and enhanced recovery strategies to optimize surgical outcomes and patient quality of life.
Emotional Intelligence and Behavioural Addictions: A Systematic Review
Authors: Biolcati Roberta , Özal Zeynep , Ambrosini Federica , Villano Paola , Palareti Laura , Mancini Giacomo
Published: February 2025

Background: The role of emotional intelligence on the experience of behavioural addictions is a growing area of research interest. However, there are operationalisation issues in studying both emotional intelligence and behavioural addictions separately. This review aims to report on the existing literature of studies exploring the relationship between these two concepts, and to identify gaps in research practice in order to inform future studies. Methods: A search, covering the date range of 2013–2024, conducted in five databases in August 2024 identified 43 articles, reported according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The findings are discussed under four subheadings: technology-related behavioural addiction, internet gaming disorder, eating disorders, and consumer behaviour and compulsive buying. Results: Overall, the results show that emotional intelligence is negatively correlated with behavioural addictions and plays both a moderating and mediating role in the associations between behavioural addictions and other negative outcomes such as suicidal ideation, rumination, fear of missing out, and depression. Conclusions: In addition to summarising studies and controversial discussions on emotional intelligence and behavioural addictions, this review suggests possible roadmaps to ensure more accurate research outcomes by highlighting the importance of theoretical and methodological distinctions between trait and ability models of emotional intelligence.
The Prospective Applications of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Postpartum Women
Authors: Siek Julia , Masiarz Angelika , Obuchowska Karolina , Kopeć Monika , Małysza Zuzanna , Kimber-Trojnar Żaneta
Published: February 2025

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has a wide range of applications. For over 25 years, it has primarily been utilized for assessing body composition. This method is non-invasive, portable, widely available, cost-effective, and user-friendly, offering the advantage of repeatability and minimal dependence on patient cooperation. BIA measures the impedance of the whole body, specifically the body’s resistance to alternating current. In postpartum women, who undergo significant physiological changes following childbirth, BIA can serve as a valuable diagnostic and monitoring tool. It is commonly employed to track body weight and fat reduction, and it facilitates the differentiation of fat mass, muscle mass, and body water content. This enables the customization of nutritional plans and the development of individualized training regimens tailored to the patient’s health status. Additionally, BIA aids in the assessment of hydration status, which is particularly critical during the postpartum period when women often experience fluid retention. Furthermore, optimal hydration is essential for lactation and maintaining favorable conditions for breastfeeding. BIA is also invaluable for evaluating nutritional status, micronutrient balance, and preventing both overweight and malnutrition. Moreover, BIA supports physical recovery by monitoring muscle mass, thereby assisting in the assessment of pelvic floor muscle regeneration following childbirth.
Paracoccidioides Species Circulating in the Endemic Area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Updates into Their Genetic Diversity
Authors: Motta Beatriz da Silva , Almeida-Silva Fernando , Teixeira Marcus de Melo , Bernardes-Engemann Andréa Reis , Almeida-Paes Rodrigo , de Macedo Priscila Marques , Zancopé-Oliveira Rosely Maria
Published: February 2025

Paracoccidiodomycosis (PCM) is the most important systemic mycosis in Brazil, and is usually associated with rural work. PCM is caused by inhalation of infective propagules of thermodimorphic fungi from the genus Paracoccidioides. In the past, it was believed that Paracoccidioides brasiliensis was the single species responsible for PCM cases. However, recent advances in molecular methods allowed the description of several new species, using phylogenetic concordance as the gold standard. Aside from P. brasiliensis sensu stricto, Paracoccidioides americana is also endemic in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate intraspecific genetic variability of Paracoccidioides isolates from patients diagnosed with PCM at a reference center for endemic mycoses in Rio de Janeiro state, from 2015 to 2021. Among the sixteen retrieved isolates, three (18.75%) were identified as P. americana and thirteen (81.25%) as P. brasiliensis sensu stricto. No intraspecific genetic variation was observed by the M-13 primer in P. americana isolates from this geographic region. However, P. brasiliensis sensu stricto isolates were clustered into two distinct molecular profiles, despite being grouped in a single clade in the phylogenetic tree after partial sequencing of arf and gp43 genes. The results suggest a single P. americana lineage and two P. brasiliensis populations causing PCM in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Strategies for the Remediation of Micro- and Nanoplastics from Contaminated Food and Water: Advancements and Challenges
Authors: Tripathi Manikant , Singh Pankaj , Pathak Sukriti , Manimekalai Ramaswamy , Garg Diksha , Dashora Kavya
Published: February 2025

Micro- and nanoplastic (MNP) pollution is a significant concern for ecosystems worldwide. The continuous generation and extensive utilization of synthetic plastics have led to the widespread contamination of water and food resources with MNPs. These pollutants originate from daily-use products and industrial waste. Remediation of such pollutants is essential to protect ecosystems and human health since these ubiquitous contaminants pose serious biological and environmental hazards by contaminating food chains, water sources, and the air. Various remediation techniques, including physical, chemical, sophisticated filtration, microbial bioremediation, and adsorption employing novel materials, provide encouraging avenues for tackling this worldwide issue. The biotechnological approaches stand out as effective, eco-friendly, and sustainable solutions for managing these toxic pollutants. However, the complexity of MNP pollution presents significant challenges in its management and regulation. Addressing these challenges requires cross-disciplinary research efforts to develop and implement more efficient, sustainable, eco-friendly, and scalable techniques for mitigating widespread MNP pollution. This review explores the various sources of micro- and nanoplastic contamination in water and food resources, their toxic impacts, remediation strategies—including advanced biotechnological approaches—and the challenges in treating these pollutants to alleviate their effects on ecosystems and human health.
Simultaneous Color Contrast Increments with Complexity and Identity of the Target Stimulus
Authors: Grasso Paolo A. , Tommasi Federico , Franconi Rebecca , Baldanzi Elisabetta , Farini Alessandro , Gurioli Massimo
Published: February 2025

Simultaneous color contrast is a perceptual phenomenon in which a target stimulus appears to change its hue due to color induction from the surrounding background. In this study, we investigated whether this phenomenon is influenced by the structural complexity and identity of the stimuli used. In Experiment 1, we created two sets of stimuli varying in structural complexity and asked participants to perform a color-matching task on the achromatic target. Low-complexity targets consisted of simple squares, while high-complexity targets were stylized cars. The results showed that high-complexity stimuli triggered stronger color induction from the background and exhibited greater interindividual variation in perceived color saturation. Conversely, low-complexity stimuli were predominantly perceived as achromatic across all participants. In Experiment 2, we further explored whether these effects were influenced by differences in the stimuli’s topology and identity. Topological factors were controlled by ensuring similar organizations of stimulus elements across conditions, while the role of stimulus identity was examined by including a condition in which the high-complexity stimuli from Experiment 1 were presented in a scrambled arrangement, preventing recognition. The results demonstrated that color contrast increased with the complexity of the stimuli but also highlighted the role of identity, as the condition where the car was recognizable elicited the strongest color induction. We conclude that simultaneous color contrast is strengthened by factors that pertain to both the complexity of the stimuli used and their identity.
An Expert Guide to Anatomy-Based Filler Injection for the Temple: Techniques and Clinical Insights
Authors: Hong Gi-Woong , Wan Jovian , Choi Wonseok , Yi Kyu-Ho
Published: February 2025

Temporal hollowing is a common aesthetic concern addressed with filler injections using an anatomy-based approach. Understanding the complex anatomy of the temporal region, including the superficial temporal artery, temporal branch of the facial nerve, and sentinel vein, is essential for safe and effective treatment. Injection planes—subfascial, within the superficial temporal fat pad, or submuscular—are selected based on individual anatomy and desired outcomes. Techniques like retrograde horizontal fanning with a cannula optimize filler distribution, enhance contour, and minimize complications. Recognizing zones of caution helps prevent vascular and nerve injuries. This approach allows clinicians to achieve natural, youthful fullness in the temples, improving overall facial aesthetics and patient satisfaction.
Deep Learning-Based Performance Prediction of Electric Submersible Pumps Under Viscous and Gas–Liquid Flow Conditions
Authors: Zhu Haiwen , Yu Hong , Sun Qiang , Wang Qiuchen , Jing Haorong , Abdikadyrov Rakhymzhan
Published: February 2025

Electric Submersible Pumps (ESPs) play a pivotal role in the petroleum industry, but their performance is significantly affected by factors such as oil viscosity, gas–liquid ratios, and solid content. Traditional performance prediction methods, including polynomial fitting and mechanistic modeling, often lack adaptability and efficiency, requiring extensive empirical testing. This study leverages experimental data from the viscous and gas–liquid flow tests reported in the literature to benchmark various prediction methods. This research provides a comparative analysis of traditional curve-fitting methods, mechanistic modeling, and seven machine learning approaches. A key innovation of this study is an in-depth sensitivity analysis of different machine learning methods, especially focused on neural network parameters, such as activation functions and training configurations, to assess their impact on prediction accuracy and identify optimal network designs. Furthermore, a pump testing methodology is introduced to significantly reduce testing costs while maintaining a high prediction accuracy. The findings demonstrate the advantages of machine learning over traditional methods, including an enhanced prediction accuracy, practical guidelines for efficient parameter tuning, and the ability to address incomplete pump curve data. These contributions not only highlight the value of integrating machine learning into ESP modeling and operational workflows but also pave the way for future advancements in universal modeling frameworks for diverse ESP applications.
Association Between Advanced TNM Stages and Increased Risk of Cardiac Dysfunction in Patients with LVEF < 50%
Authors: Murg Sergiu Ioan , Matiș Loredana , Moldovan Andrada Florina , Popovici Dorel Ionel , Negru Alina Gabriela , Ghitea Timea Claudia , Popescu Mircea Ioachim
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: Cardio-oncology addresses the growing concern of cardiovascular complications arising from cancer therapies. Although cancer treatments have greatly enhanced survival outcomes, they frequently carry substantial risks to cardiovascular health. This research examines the cardiovascular toxicity associated with HER2-targeted therapies, focusing on the interconnection between tumor characteristics, including histopathological profiles and TNM classification, and the development of cardiovascular complications. The objective is to identify key correlations that inform better prevention and management strategies for cardiotoxicity in oncology patients. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed cancer patients undergoing cytostatic treatments, particularly anthracyclines, radiotherapy, and HER2-targeted therapies. Cardiac function was monitored using echocardiographic assessments, including global longitudinal strain and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Patients were stratified based on TNM cancer staging and histopathological findings to evaluate correlations between treatment regimens and cardiovascular outcomes. Results: The analysis revealed a significant association between advanced TNM stages and reduced LVEF, with patients in stage T4 showing the highest prevalence of cardiac dysfunction. Cytostatic treatments, such as anthracyclines and HER2-targeted therapies, were identified as key contributors to cardiotoxicity, particularly in advanced-stage cancer patients. These findings emphasize the importance of regular cardiac monitoring to detect early signs of cardiotoxicity, as patients with pre-existing cardiovascular risk factors demonstrated a higher prevalence of complications. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for personalized treatment approaches and tailored cardioprotective strategies to improve outcomes and enhance the quality of life for oncology patients. Future studies should prioritize developing improved strategies to reduce the cardiovascular complications linked to contemporary cancer treatments.
New Process for Efficient Separation and Comprehensive Recovery of Valuable Metals from Jarosite Residues
Authors: Zhou Qi , Pan Jian , Zhu Deqing , Yang Congcong , Guo Zhengqi , Li Siwei , Xu Xianqing
Published: February 2025

Jarosite residue (JR), a hazardous solid waste generated in non-ferrous metallurgy, poses significant environmental challenges due to its large volume and poor storage stability. However, its high content of valuable metals (such as iron, zinc, gallium, indium, silver, …) makes its efficient recovery and comprehensive utilization highly significant. This study investigates the “oxidative roasting–reductive smelting” process for JR treatment. The reduction thermodynamics of JR-R (roasted JR) were analyzed, and the effects of smelting temperature, time, and slag basicity on the reduction and smelting process were examined. The results indicate that increasing slag basicity and temperature generally decreases slag viscosity. Thermodynamic calculations demonstrate that reductive smelting effectively enriches valuable metals (>1039 °C). The optimal conditions for reductive smelting of JR were determined to be as follows: smelting temperature of 1550 °C, smelting time of 60 min, and slag basicity of 0.9. Under these conditions, the process achieved an Fe grade of 92.87% in pig iron with a recovery rate of 90.66%, a Ga grade of 377 g/t with a recovery rate of 94.91%, and Zn and In volatilization rates of 99.91% and 83.36%, respectively. This study provides a feasible approach for the comprehensive recovery of valuable metals such as Ga, Fe, Zn, and In from JR, offering promising economic and social benefits.
Numerical Investigation of the Combined Effect of Terrain Slope and Wind Velocity on Fire Spread Rate in Natural Pastures
Authors: Shojaei Mehr Reza , Mohammadian Bishe Esmaeil , Farhanieh Bijan , Afshin Hossein
Published: February 2025

Analyzing wildfire behavior is crucial due to its significant environmental repercussions. Among the various influencing factors, terrain slope and wind velocity are pivotal in governing fire spread characteristics. In the present study, we investigate the influence of negative terrain slopes (up to −45°), backward wind velocities (up to 2 m/s), and their combined effects on the surface fire spread rate using the Wildland-Urban Fire Dynamics Simulator (WFDS). Wind velocity in backward flows reduces the rate of spread by 40% at 30° angles, primarily due to the suppression of radiative heat transfer leading to reduced preheating unburnt areas. However, this effect reduces on lower slopes. The key findings reveal a significant increase in fire intensity and the rate of spread when the terrain slope exceeds 20°. The fire front shape evolves from a relatively flat rounded U-shape to a V-shape; it is shown that a downward slope slightly affects the spread rate, and the fire front shape stays flat.
Study on the Corrosion Behavior of Low-Carbon 9Cr-ODS Steel in Oxygen-Saturated Lead–Bismuth Eutectic for 1000 Hours
Authors: Yang Chongdou , Liu Tao , Yang Yiqun , Wang Youqi , Xu Yuwen , Yun Di , Lei Penghui , Qiu Jie
Published: February 2025

A novel low-carbon 9Cr-ODS steel was exposed to corrosion in lead–bismuth eutectic saturated with oxygen at 500 °C for 1000 h, leading to the formation of three distinct layers of oxide film. From the outermost to the innermost layer, these included a Fe3O4 layer infiltrated with Pb, a FeCr2O4 layer, and an inner oxide zone. The inner oxide zone was primarily composed of an unoxidized matrix and Cr2O3. The formation of the inner oxide zone was primarily attributed to the preferential oxidation of Cr following the infiltration of insufficient O content. Two distinct morphologies of the inner oxide zone were identified: one is porous, while the other is non-porous. The porous morphology is characterized by low Fe content and Pb infiltration. The loss of Fe is the main factor contributing to the development of the porous inner oxide zone and the infiltration of Pb, while the short-range diffusion of Cr promotes the growth of Cr2O3, resulting in a needle-like morphology.
Structural Parameters on the Effective Transport Properties of Carbon Cloth Gas Diffusion Layers: Random Walk Simulations
Authors: Jia Qingrong , Wang Hao , Yang Guogang
Published: February 2025

One of the key challenges in optimizing the transfer characteristics of carbon cloth gas diffusion layers (GDLs) is accurately evaluating their effective transport properties. In this work, a stochastic reconstruction algorithm based on structural parameters was developed to generate virtual carbon cloth GDLs with varying porosities, carbon fiber diameters, and length-to-thickness ratios. A pore-scale random walk model was also developed to predict the permeability, tortuosity, and effective diffusivity of the GDLs with well-validated accuracy. The results show that higher porosity and larger carbon fiber diameters enhance the diffusion and transfer of oxygen through the GDL, and when the length-to-thickness ratio exceeds 2, the permeability stabilizes. The model developed in this study offers the advantages of low computational cost, accurate representation of the material’s microstructure, and broad applicability, making it a powerful and convenient tool for predicting the transport properties of porous media.
Polycarbonate Nanofiber Filters with Enhanced Efficiency and Antibacterial Performance
Authors: Blanco Miren , Monteserín Cristina , Gómez Estíbaliz , Aranzabe Estíbaliz , Vilas Vilela Jose Luis , Pérez-Márquez Ana , Maudes Jon , Vaquero Celina , Murillo Nieves , Zalakain Iñaki , Ruiz Rubio Leire
Published: February 2025

The need for clean and safe air quality is a global priority that extends to diverse environments, including households, industrial spaces, and areas requiring respiratory personal protection. In this study, polycarbonate (PC) nanofiber filters coated with a coating containing a silver salt were prepared by the electrospinning process and a subsequent dipping–extraction method. These nanofiber filters presented the enhancement of air filtration efficiency and reinforcement of antibacterial properties. The research includes diverse PC filter structures, assessing beaded and non-beaded structures and varying areal weights. The study evaluated filtration efficiency across NaCl particle sizes (50–400 nm) and pressure drop outcomes. In addition, the antibacterial activity of the coated filters against E. coli and other coliforms was investigated by the filtration membrane method. Repetitive testing consistently yields high efficiencies, reaching 100% in thicker filters, and minimal air resistance in beaded filters, presenting an advantage over the current systems. Furthermore, the new properties of the filters will enhance environmental safety, and their time of use will be increased since they prevented the growth of bacteria, and no significant colonies were seen. Considering all these factors, these filters presented promising application in environments with harmful microorganisms, for the development of advanced industrial filtering systems or even hygienic masks.
Synthesis of Amido-Quinoline-Based Hafnium and Zirconium Complexes and Their Catalytic Properties for Ethylene/1-Octene Copolymerization
Authors: He Qiqi , Zhang Ruijun , Li Junhua , Hu Yuexin , Zheng Yong , Qian Jianhua
Published: February 2025

The development of polyolefin catalysts plays a pivotal role in driving advancements within the polyolefin industry. In this study, five ligands (L1–L5) and six Hf (Hf 1-5) and Zr (Zr-1) metal complexes with amido-quinoline-based ligands were successfully synthesized by a simple and efficient synthetic route. The new Hf (Hf 1-5) and Zr (Zr-1) complexes exhibit high thermal stability, moderate activity, and excellent 1-octene incorporation capability. As a result, they have been successfully utilized in high-temperature solution-phase polymerization to produce polyolefin elastomers (POEs). The electron-donating effect of the ligand was identified as a crucial factor contributing to the improved catalytic performance and comonomer incorporation capability. The steric effects of substituents on the ligand have little impact on the olefin copolymerization activity, molecular weight, and comonomer incorporation capability. The Hf-1 complex demonstrates outstanding copolymerization activity and comonomer incorporation (8.3 × 106 g polymer/(mol catalyst · h), 26 wt%), offering significant potential for large-scale operations and practical applications.
From Soft Lithography to 3D Printing: Current Status and Future of Microfluidic Device Fabrication
Authors: Xu Jingjing , Harasek Michael , Gföhler Margit
Published: February 2025

The advent of 3D printing has revolutionized the fabrication of microfluidic devices, offering a compelling alternative to traditional soft lithography techniques. This review explores the potential of 3D printing, particularly photopolymerization techniques, fused deposition modeling, and material jetting, in advancing microfluidics. We analyze the advantages of 3D printing in terms of cost efficiency, geometric complexity, and material versatility while addressing key challenges such as material transparency and biocompatibility, which have represented the limiting factors for its widespread adoption. Recent developments in printing technologies and materials are highlighted, underscoring the progress in overcoming these barriers. Finally, we discuss future trends and opportunities, including advancements in printing resolution and speed, the development of new printable materials, process standardization, and the emergence of bioprinting for organ-on-a-chip applications. Sustainability and regulatory frameworks are also considered critical aspects shaping the future of 3D-printed microfluidics. By bridging the gap between traditional and emerging fabrication techniques, this review aims to illuminate the transformative potential of 3D printing in microfluidic device manufacturing.
Dynamic Bonds in Biopolymers: Enhancing Performance and Properties
Authors: Nguyen Trong Danh , Lee Jun Seop
Published: February 2025

As the demand for polymer materials increases, conventional petroleum-based synthetic polymers face several significant challenges, including raw material depletion, environmental issues, and the potential for biotoxicity in biological applications. In response, bio-based polymers derived from natural sources, such as cellulose, alginate, chitosan, and gelatin, have garnered attention due to their advantages of biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, these polymers often suffer from poor physical stability due to the high density of hydrogen bonds and the large structure of pyranose rings. This review explores the potential of incorporating dynamic covalent bonds into biopolymers to overcome these limitations. The chemical structures of biopolymers contain numerous functional groups that can serve as anchoring sites for dynamic bonds, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties and overall stability of the polymer network. The review discusses the performance improvements achievable through dynamic covalent bonds and examines the future potential of this technology to enhance the physical properties of biopolymers and expand their applicability in biological fields.
The Effect of Biocontamination on Mechanical Strength and Moisture Transfer Performance of Epoxy Basalt Fiber Reinforcement Bar Exposed to Arctic Conditions
Authors: Kychkin Anatoly K. , Startsev Oleg V. , Lebedev Mikhail P. , Kychkin Aisen A. , Lukachevskaia Irina G.
Published: February 2025

This study involved the exposure of epoxy-coated basalt-plastic rebars, with diameters of 6 and 8 mm, to the open climate conditions of Yakutsk and Tiksi, located in the Arctic region of Russia. The exposure duration was 54 months. Basalt-plastic rebars were tested both untreated and after contamination with a set of neutral microorganisms resilient to cold climates, including spore-forming bacteria from the genus Bacillus, and mold fungi from the genera Aspergillus. Results showed that after 12, 24, and 54 months of exposure, the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of untreated rebars increased by 5–14% due to the post-curing of the epoxy matrix. However, in biologically contaminated rebars, these indicators decreased on average by 11%. Bacterial cells and fungal mycelium, which penetrated surface irregularities of the rebars under open climate conditions, contributed to microcrack development, reducing the mechanical properties of the basalt-plastic rebars and causing additional moisture diffusion in the radial direction of the bars.
The Development and Optimization of a Textile Image Processing Algorithm (TIPA) for Defect Detection in Conductive Textiles
Authors: Kim Sang-Un , Kim Joo-Yong
Published: February 2025

This study introduces a Textile Image Processing Algorithm (TIPA) designed to detect defects in conductive textiles, a crucial element of wearable technology. TIPAs employ image preprocessing, filtering, and classification to identify issues like uneven distribution of conductive particles. When applied to fabrics produced via dip-coating, our TIPA was optimized using a threshold ratio, achieving over 85% accuracy, with a maximum of 100% under ideal conditions. However, detection challenges were noted in fabrics with large, diffuse stains, particularly at extreme threshold ratios. This TIPA proves to be a valuable tool for improving quality control in smart textiles, with potential for further optimization.
Finite Element Numerical Simulation of Deformation of Critical Vehicle Components and Damage to Retaining Walls of Emergency Escape Ramps During Truck Impacts
Authors: Qin Pinpin , Xu Zhicheng , Shi Yiyuan
Published: February 2025

In this study, finite element numerical simulations were used to investigate the deformation of critical vehicle components and the damage characteristics of the retaining wall at the end of the emergency escape ramp after the impact of a Ford 800 truck on the retaining wall of the refuge lane. A finite element model of the reinforced concrete retaining wall of the truck was created using the LS-DYNA (R11.0) program and the correctness of the constructed finite element model was confirmed by tests. The parameters of the reinforced concrete retaining wall were determined using orthogonal tests. Finite element numerical simulations of vehicle impact on the retaining wall were carried out, and the results showed that two stages of deformation occurred at the front and rear sides of the cockpit during the impact process, and the damage of the retaining wall increased with the increase in the vehicle speed, the impact angle, and the bumper stiffness. Punching shear damage occurred in the impact region of the wall and shear damage occurred at the corners of the wall.
Objective Evaluation of Out-of-Competition Volume of Action in Wheelchair Basketball Classification
Authors: Shimoyama Yuki , Kasai Shintaro , Wagatsuma Hiroaki , Ibusuki Tatsuru , Tsukada Takumi , Tachibana Kaori
Published: February 2025

In wheelchair basketball, classes are based on competition observations. Since 2021, out-of-competition testing has been implemented; however, research remains limited. This study aimed to determine whether the quantified volume of action (VOA) can be an indicator for classification and examined the influence of a competitive wheelchair on VOA evaluation. This cross-sectional study included 47 wheelchair basketball players (21 able-bodied, 26 with physical impairments: class 1, n = 8; class 2, n = 5; class 3, n = 4; class 4, n = 9). Tests were performed in a wheelchair (wheelchair condition) and on a trainer bed (bed condition). Participants held a ball and rotated their trunks in various planes. Movements were recorded using four cameras, and position coordinates were extracted using the three-dimensional DLT method. Classes and sitting conditions were compared across five groups: classes 1, 2, 3, 4, and able-bodied. Comparisons between classes revealed significant differences in all planes, including wheelchair and bed conditions (p < 0.05). The VOA expanded in the wheelchair condition compared to the bed condition across multiple classes and planes (p < 0.05). Measuring the VOA outside the competition while sitting on a bed may effectively classify players by eliminating equipment influence.
ТЕОРЕТИКО-ПРАВОВІ ПРОБЛЕМИ ПІДЗАКОННОЇ ПРАВОТВОРЧОСТІ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНИХ ОРГАНІВ ВИКОНАВЧОЇ ВЛАДИ
Authors: Нечитайленко А. О. , Нечитайленко В. А.
Published: February 2025

У статті, з урахуванням чинного законодавства України про правотворчу діяльність, аналізу низки підзаконних нормативно-правових актів і сучасної практики їх прийняття, а також висновків представників теоретико-правової науки, які досліджували проблеми правового регулювання правотворчої діяльності центральних органів виконавчої влади та їх територіальних підрозділів для виконання покладених на них функцій, виявлені суттєві недоліки в регулюванні відносин щодо здійснення ними підзаконної правотворчості, вносяться конкретні пропозиції щодо його вдосконалення. Особлива увага приділяється подоланню прогалин законодавства щодо визначення особливостей та порядку видання актів сумісної підзаконної правотворчості.