bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estado de humor e a tolerância ao risco em decisões organizacionais
Authors: Zacchi Mateus , Fagundes Ernando , Rengel Rodrigo , Adamczyk Willian Boschetti
Published: April 2022

Objective of the study: This study aims to identify the relationship between an individual's mood and risk tolerance in organizational decisions.Methodology/approach: It is an applied, quantitative, descriptive and survey research. For data collection, a questionnaire was applied to a sample of 90 academics from higher education courses in the area of management at a Higher Education Institution in the State of Santa Catarina. Data were categorized and analyzed quantitatively using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis.Originality/relevance: Researches relate positive mood and increased risk-taking, however, the results are fragmented and inconclusive as to the influence of negative mood on the tendency to take risks. Thus, this research focuses attention on the asymmetry of influence of both positive and negative mood on risk preferences.Main results: We found that in decisions involving gains, respondents have less tolerance than when they involve losses. Although mood is not related to risk tolerance, when analyzed separately, a relationship was found between the dimensions of mood and the individuals' risk tolerance.Theoretical/methodological contributions: This research adds to the literature, by exploring decision-making and the behavioral line simultaneously, as well as contributing to represent a more comprehensive description regarding the decision process regarding the Prospect Theory, by demonstrating which dimensions of mood have an influence on the risk tolerance of respondents.Social/management contributions: The study contributes to the improvement of decision-making processes in the context of aspects related to risk tolerance. The practical implications refer to the construction of a decision-making process designed in a more assertive way and in line with the losses and gains arising from the inherent risk of this decision-making process.
Cucumber response to different growing seasons and nitrogen doses
Authors: Vale Reidner de Paula , Silva Luciana Maria da , Salomão Leandro Caixeta , Benett Katiane Santiago Silva , Benett Cleiton Gredson Sabin
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of growing season and nitrogen doses on the pickling cucumber. This work was carried out in a greenhouse at the Federal Institute of Goiás (IF Goiano) - Campus Urutaí. A randomized block design in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme with four replications was used. Two growing seasons (the first sown in January and second in April) and five nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha-1 of N) were evaluated. The seed of pickling cucumber used was the Kybria F1 hybrid. Nitrogen doses were applied at 15, 30, and 45 days after plant emergence. Each plot was composed of 10 plants, and the four central plants of each plot with a spacing of 0.2 m between plants and 0.8 m between rows were evaluated. Leaf nitrogen content, relative chlorophyll index, stem diameter, length and diameter of fruits, fresh and dry matter of fruits, the fresh matter of shoot, number of fruits, and yield per plant were evaluated. The growing seasons and nitrogen doses influenced the productive traits of the cucumber crop. The first growing season of the cucumber crop shows satisfactory results in terms of yield components at a dose of 100 kg ha-1 of nitrogen.
Productivity of strawberry genotypes in the south and southwest mesoregion of Minas Gerais
Authors: Pereira Matheus Augusto , Lima e Silva Luis Felipe , Souza Douglas Correa de , Resende Luciane Vilela
Published: April 2022

The strawberry is a perennial plant of temperate climate belonging to the Rosaceae family, much appreciated for presenting a fleshy and succulent receptacle as an edible part. Among small fruits, in Brazil it represents the species of greatest economic expression. The breeding of the strawberry aims to meet the demands of the market, mainly regarding the quality of the fruit required by consumers. Thus, the selection of genotypes that have good quality, productivity and adaptation is extremely important for the development of culture in the country, as well as for making seedlings available at lower prices. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance and productivity of experimental strawberry genotypes in the city of Alfenas, Minas Gerais. For this, the experiment was carried out in the premises of the José do Rosário Vellano University (UNIFENAS), Alfenas-MG, in an experimental area of the Olericulture and Experimentation Sector (21025'45''S, 45056'50 "W, 880 m altitude). The experimental design used was completely randomized, with eleven treatments, distributed in seven experimental genotypes, namely MDA01, MDA06, MCA 119, MFA444, MDA19, MDA11 and MDA23, and four commercial cultivars taken as control, being them Pircinque, Albion, Aromas and Festival, in eight repetitions. The following characteristics were evaluated total production per plant (grams of strawberries per plant-1), average weight of fruits per plant (grams/fruit-1), total number of fruits per plant and number of stolons (seedlings) per plant. The experimental genotypes that showed the highest total productivity and average fruit weight were MDA01, MDA23 and MDA19. These materials are presented as promising for the strawberry breeding program in the region and should be reevaluated under other edaphoclimatic conditions and/or used as parents in new crossings for the next stages of the program.
In Silico Vaccine Design Tools
Authors: Shiragannavar Shilpa , Madagi Shivakumar
Published: April 2022

Vaccines are a boon that saves millions of lives every year. They train our immune system to fight infectious pathogens. According to the World Health Organization, vaccines save 2.5 million people every year and protect them from illness by decreasing the rate of infections. Computational approach in drug discovery helps in identifying safe and novel vaccines. In silico analysis saves time, cost, and labor for developing the vaccine and drugs. Today\'s computational tools are so accurate and robust that many have entered clinical trials directly. The chapter gives insights into the various tools and databases available for computational designing of novel vaccines.
Physical Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Coronaviruses: A Review
Authors: W. Nims Raymond , Plavsic Mark
Published: April 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus responsible for the ongoing pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Other members of the enveloped RNA virus family Coronaviridae have been responsible for a variety of human diseases and economically important animal diseases. Disinfection of air, environmental surfaces, and solutions is part of infection prevention and control (IPAC) for such viruses and their associated diseases. This article reviews the literature on physical inactivation (disinfection) approaches for SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses. Data for thermal (heat) inactivation, gamma irradiation, and ultraviolet light in the C range (UVC) irradiation have been reviewed. As expected, the susceptibilities of different members of the Coronaviridae to these physical inactivation approaches are similar. This implies that knowledge gained for SARS-CoV-2 should be applicable also to its emerging mutational variants and to other future emerging coronaviruses. The information is applicable to a variety of disinfection applications, including IPAC, inactivation of live virus for vaccine or laboratory analytical use, and waste stream disinfection.
V. AML smernica – aplikačné problémy súvisiace s reguláciou virtuálnych mien
Authors: Daudrikh Yana
Published: April 2022

Primárny regulačný rámec obchodovania s virtuálnymi menami je upravený v V. AML smernici. Ide zrejme o najproblematickejšiu oblasť boja proti legalizácii príjmov z trestnej činnosti a financovania terorizmu, vzhľadom k hybridnej povahe virtuálnych mien. Nejednotnosť názorov na reguláciu virtuálnych mien badať aj na medzinárodnej úrovni. Viaceré medzinárodné inštitúcie vyčítajú V. AML smernici nedostatočnosť a problematickosť aplikácie definície pojmu virtuálna mena a zoznamu povinných osôb. V tejto súvislosti poskytneme bližšiu analýzu právnej povahy virtuálnej meny a rovnako tak sa pokúsime o priblíženie svojich úvah a postojov k právnej úprave de lege lata a de lege ferenda.
The Restoration of Sunnism
Authors: Leiser Gary
Published: April 2022

The Restoration of Sunnism is a study of the early history of Islamic law schools (s. madrasa, pl. madāris) and their professors in late Fāṭimid and Aiyūbid Egypt (495–647/1101–1249). It describes the origin and spread of these institutions, their teachers, and their role in the religious life of Egypt. This work is a lightly revised version of the author’s 1976 University of Pennsylvania doctoral dissertation, which remains one of the most important works on the history of the premodern institution of the madrasa to date. Unlike many publications on the madāris in recent decades, which argue that medieval Islamic legal education was informal and lacked structure, the present work endeavors to detect the elements of structure and order in the institution of the madrasa and in its educational curricula and the practices associated with it. Leiser’s ground-breaking work stands out for its attention to detail and to the political, economic, and religious background of twelfth- and thirteenth-century Egypt.
A utopia ciborgue dos comuns: Teatro digital como dissonância e ressonância coletivas
Authors: Biscaro Barbara , Matos Ivan Delmanto Franklin de
Published: April 2022

O artigo apresenta um processo criativo, inspirado pelo texto de Bertolt Brecht, Os dias da Comuna de Paris, realizado no âmbito da disciplina de Montagem, do curso de Licenciatura em Teatro da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina. Abordando a interrupção desse percurso criativo, determinada pela pandemia de COVID-19, o artigo investiga as novas estratégias empreendidas pelo grupo, utilizando vídeos e a plataforma digital do Zoom, para dar continuidade à criação, acessando, nesta análise crítica, os conceitos de utopia, a partir de Thomas More, e de “ciborgue”, apresentado por Donna Haraway.
Corpos infinitos: Processo coletivo de criação da videodança Endless
Authors: Ascari Bianca Mendes , Falkembach Maria Fonseca , Fontoura Rayssa de Oliveira , Lengruber Stephânia Fitaroni Batista
Published: April 2022

O texto é um relato de experiência que trata de elementos de composição no processo de criação coletiva da videodança Endless - ou esqueci de lembrar, do grupo Tatá, produzido a distância, devido ao isolamento social, em 2020. A análise do texto tem como foco três elementos: um deles é a preparação corporal, que tem como base as práticas de produção da conexão corpo-mundo, como um espaço contínuo. O outro é a relação dos intérpretes-criadores com a câmera e suas dificuldades de adaptação. O terceiro elemento abordado é a edição do vídeo, com foco nas transições. A pesquisa identifica a composição de Endless como uma transcriação. Evidencia a emergência da dimensão da presença na operação de transcriação, reconhecida como produção de afetos. Apresenta as noções afeto, corpo infinito e conexão, que emergem da experiência de criação.
Factors Relating to the Expectations and Perceptions of Post-Stroke Outpatients’ in the Rehabilitation Services of Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan Mohammad Shaikhul , Anusaksathien Kantabhat , Narattharaksa Kanida , Afrin Nahar
Published: April 2022

Purpose: For enhancing patients’ participation, this study aims to identify the patient-related factors that relate to the expectations and perceptions of post-stroke outpatients’ in the rehabilitation services of Bangladesh.

Methods: A questionnaire survey was administered to 342 outpatients from the stroke rehabilitation department. Descriptive statistical analysis was applied to measure patients’ perceptions and expectations. Eta statistic from ANOVA was applied to examine the relationship between patient-related factors and the patients’ expectations and perceptions of the rehabilitation services.

Findings: Patients’ expectations rated higher than the perceptions in all the dimensions of rehabilitation services. Factors such as; (i) patients' education (0.222, p=0.005) and post-stroke disability (0.447, p<0.001) indicated a significant relationship with patients' expectations. (ii) Patients' education (0.210, p=0.010), occupation (0.226, p=0.003), family status (0.180, p=0.048) and daily activities before the stroke (0.169, p=0.044), post-stroke disability (0.195, p=0.004) and distance from home to the hospital (0.190, p=0.006) indicated a significant relationship with their perceptions in the rehabilitation services.

Conclusion: The findings of this study concluded that the rehabilitation manager needs to work on these factors and recommended developing a continuing education program to minimize these factors of poor perceptions in the rehabilitation services.
On the translational invariant intuitionistic fuzzy subset of a Γ-ring
Authors:   Lovely Professional University, Lata Hem , Sharma P. K. ,   Department of Mathematics, D.A.V. College
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we introduce the notion of translational invariant intuitionistic fuzzy subset of a Γ-ring and generalize some notions of a ring to a Γ-ring. Also, we define ideals of a Γ-ring generated by an intuitionistic fuzzy subset with an element of Γ-ring and study their properties. The notion of units, associate, prime element, irreducible element are also generalized with respect to the intuitionistic fuzzy subset of a Γ-ring. Further, we study the properties of homomorphic image and pre-image of translational invariant intuitionistic fuzzy subset under the Γ-ring homomorphism and we prove that every homomorphic image of a prime ideal of a Γ-ring generated by an Aγ-prime element and translational invariant and f-invariant intuitionistic fuzzy subset is also a prime ideal.
Design after Capitalism
Authors: Wizinsky Matthew
Published: April 2022

How design can transcend the logics, structures, and subjectivities of capitalism: a framework, theoretical grounding, and practical principles.

The designed things, experiences, and symbols that we use to perceive, understand, and perform our everyday lives are much more than just props. They directly shape how we live. In Design after Capitalism, Matthew Wizinsky argues that the world of industrial capitalism that gave birth to modern design has been dramatically transformed. Design today needs to reorient itself toward deliberate transitions of everyday politics, social relations, and economies. Looking at design through the lens of political economy, Wizinsky calls for the field to transcend the logics, structures, and subjectivities of capitalism—to combine design entrepreneurship with social empowerment in order to facilitate new ways of producing those things, symbols, and experiences that make up everyday life.

After analyzing the parallel histories of capitalism and design, Wizinsky offers some historical examples of anticapitalist, noncapitalist, and postcapitalist models of design practice. These range from the British Arts and Crafts movement of the nineteenth century to contemporary practices of growing furniture or biotextiles and automated forms of production. Drawing on insights from sociology, philosophy, economics, political science, history, environmental and sustainability studies, and critical theory—fields not usually seen as central to design—he lays out core principles for postcapitalist design; offers strategies for applying these principles to the three layers of project, practice, and discipline; and provides a set of practical guidelines for designers to use as a starting point. The work of postcapitalist design can start today, Wizinsky says—with the next project.
Acquisition of cellular properties during alveolar formation requires differential activity and distribution of mitochondria
Authors: Zhang Kuan , Yao Erica , Chen Biao , Chuang Ethan , Wong Julia , Seed Robert I , Nishimura Stephen L , Wolters Paul J , Chuang Pao-Tien
Published: April 2022

Alveolar formation requires coordinated movement and interaction between alveolar epithelial cells, mesenchymal myofibroblasts, and endothelial cells/pericytes to produce secondary septa. These processes rely on the acquisition of distinct cellular properties to enable ligand secretion for cell-cell signaling and initiate morphogenesis through cellular contraction, cell migration, and cell shape change. In this study, we showed that mitochondrial activity and distribution play a key role in bestowing cellular functions on both alveolar epithelial cells and mesenchymal myofibroblasts for generating secondary septa to form alveoli in mice. These results suggest that mitochondrial function is tightly regulated to empower cellular machineries in a spatially specific manner. Indeed, such regulation via mitochondria is required for secretion of ligands, such as platelet-derived growth factor, from alveolar epithelial cells to influence myofibroblast proliferation and contraction/migration. Moreover, mitochondrial function enables myofibroblast contraction/migration during alveolar formation. Together, these findings yield novel mechanistic insights into how mitochondria regulate pivotal steps of alveologenesis. They highlight selective utilization of energy in cells and diverse energy demands in different cellular processes during development. Our work serves as a paradigm for studying how mitochondria control tissue patterning.
Activación de la microglía en el hipocampo asociada con lesión del nervio facial
Authors: Cerón Jeimmy , Troncoso Julieta
Published: April 2022

Introducción. Las lesiones del nervio facial afectan la plasticidad a largo plazo en el hipocampo, así como la memoria de reconocimiento de objetos y la memoria espacial, dos procesos dependientes de esta estructura. Objetivo. Caracterizar en ratas el efecto de la lesión unilateral del nervio facial sobre la activación de células de la microglía en el hipocampo contralateral.Materiales y métodos. Se hicieron experimentos de inmunohistoquímica para detectar células de la microglía en el hipocampo de ratas sometidas a lesión irreversible del nervio facial. Los animales se sacrificaron en distintos momentos después de la lesión, para evaluar la evolución de la proliferación (densidad de células) y la activación (área celular) de la microglía en el tejido del hipocampo. Los tejidos cerebrales de los animales de control se compararon con los de animales lesionados sacrificados en los días 1, 3, 7, 21 y 35 después de la lesión.Resultados. Las células de la microglía en el hipocampo de animales con lesión del nervio facial mostraron signos de proliferación y activación a los 3, 7 y 21 días después de la lesión. Sin embargo, al cabo de cinco semanas, estas modificaciones se revirtieron, a pesar de que no hubo recuperación funcional de la parálisis facial.Conclusiones. La lesión irreversible del nervio facial produce proliferación y activación temprana y transitoria de las células de la microglía en el hipocampo. Estos cambios podrían estar asociados con las modificaciones electrofisiológicas y las alteraciones comportamentales dependientes del hipocampo descritas recientemente.
Alleviation of drought stress by root-applied thiourea is related to elevated photosynthetic pigments, osmoprotectants, antioxidant enzymes, and tubers yield and suppressed oxidative stress in potatoes cultivars
Authors: Saleem Muhammad Hamzah , Wang Xiukang , Parveen Abida , Perveen Shagufta , Mehmood Saqib , Fiaz Sajid , Ali Sajjad , Hussain Sajjad , Adnan Muhammad , Iqbal Naeem , Alatawi Aishah , Ali Shafaqat
Published: April 2022

The growth and productivity of plants are enhanced by the use of thiourea (TU) under stressful conditions. When TU is applied as a rooting medium, it improves plant growth characteristics and other physiological parameters in stressed environment. A pot experiment was conducted in the botanical garden of the Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan to examine the TU-mediated fluctuations in some crucial physio-biochemical parameters and the oxidative defense of potatoes under a restricted water supply. For this purpose, two potato cultivars (potato-SH-5 and potato-FD-73) were sown in pots containing 10 kg of soil. Water was regularly applied to the pots until germination. After 2 weeks of germination, drought stress with 65% field capacity was imposed, while the control was subjected to 100% field capacity. TU, as a rooting medium, was applied at the vegetative stage (0 (no application), 0.5, 0.75 mM). A substantial reduction in the total number of leaves, leaf area, tuber biomass (fresh and dry weight), photosynthetic pigments, membrane permeability, and leaf relative water content (RWC) was recorded in plants under drought stress conditions as compared to control plants. The damaging eﬀects of water stress were more critical for cv. potato-FD-73 as compared to cv. potato-SH-5. In contrast, drought stress enhanced the malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content while also increased antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)) and triggered the accumulation of soluble proteins, soluble sugars, proline, and phenolic and anthocyanin contents. However, TU applied as rooting medium at 0.5 and 0.75 mM was eﬀective in reducing the detrimental eﬀects of water stress in both cultivars. Furthermore, increasing levels of TU enhanced chlorophyll pigments, dissolved proteins, complete dissolved sugars, and enzymatic capabilities of POD, SOD, and CAT, while reducing the MDA and H2O2 in both cultivars under stress conditions. In conclusion, TU improved the yield and chlorophyll pigments of potato plants by mitigating the adverse effects of drought stress through reduced EL, MDA, and H2O2 contents and improved activities of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and osmoprotectants.
Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Myxoid Sarcomas- A Tertiary Care Hospital Experience
Authors: Sigamani Karthik , Ponnuswamy Karkuzhali
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Myxoid sarcomas are a rare and heterogeneous group of tumours exhibiting overlapping histomorphological features with varied biological behaviour. Hence, additional ancillary techniques like Immunohistochemistry (IHC) are necessary for definite diagnosis and categorisation of the myxoid sarcomas. Aim: To identify the distribution of myxoid sarcomas among patients and also to evaluate the utility of basic IHC in the diagnosis of myxoid sarcomas. Materials and Methods: This was six years retrospective observational cross-sectional study carried out in the Department of Pathology, Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, during the period of January 2008 - December 2013. Relevant pathological data of all the myxoid sarcomas reported during the study period were retrieved from the medical records. Corresponding Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained slides were reviewed and IHC was done using a panel of markers for confirmation. Results: Among the 57 myxoid sarcomas, 46% occurred in the age group of 41-60 years with a striking male preponderance (74%). Myxofibrosarcoma was the most common histological type (33.33%). All cases of myxofibrosarcoma were positive for vimentin while two cases showed focal Smooth Muscle Actin (SMA) positivity and one case showed focal CD34 positivity. Low grade fibromyxoid sarcomas were positive for only vimentin. Myxoid liposarcomas and extra-skeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas showed vimentin and S100 positivity. Myxoid Dermato Fibrosarcoma Protuberans (DFSP) was positive for vimentin and CD34 while synovial sarcoma with myxoid change was positive for vimentin and Pancytokeratin (Pan CK). Myxoid Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumour (MPNST) showed 100% vimentin and S100 positivity while CD34 was positive in 12.5% of cases. Leiomyosarcoma with myxoid change was positive for vimentin, SMA, desmin and Pan CK. Conclusion: IHC is a valuable adjunct to light microscopy for the diagnosis of myxoid sarcomas.
Quantification of Impurity-G Content in Levetiracetam Injection (100 mg/ml) by Using RP-HPLC Technique
Authors: Ali Syed Mastan , Bharath Ponnuri , Ramakrishna V. Siva , Ramachandran D.
Published: April 2022

Extremely responsive technique for the quantification of impurity-G content in Levetiracetam samples by RP-HPLC method has been presented in the here manuscript. Quantification of impurity-G content in Levetiracetam sample by HPLC with UV Detector. Impurity-G was concluded by RP-HPLC technique by waters X-Terra MS-C18 (250 x 4.6mm, 5µm) column as motionless segment. Column oven preserved 45°C and taster cooler temperature 5°C, injection quantity 50µL, flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, impurity-G was detected using UV detector at the wavelength of 200nm and run time was 30 minutes. The movable segment utilized pH 3.0 buffer and acetonitrile in the proportion of (850:150 v/v) isocratic mode. The technique legalization has been carried as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines (ICH). Limit of quantitation (LOQ) was found 0.4122 µg/mL for impurity-G.
A Multi‐Scale Approach for Modeling the Optical Response of Molecular Materials Inside Cavities
Authors: Zerulla Benedikt , Krstić Marjan , Beutel Dominik , Holzer Christof , Wöll Christof , Rockstuhl Carsten , Fernandez‐Corbaton Ivan
Published: April 2022

The recent fabrication advances in nanoscience and molecular materials point toward a new era where material properties are tailored in silico for target applications. To fully realize this potential, accurate and computationally efficient theoretical models are needed for: a) the computer‐aided design and optimization of new materials before their fabrication; and b) the accurate interpretation of experiments. The development of such theoretical models is a challenging multi‐disciplinary problem where physics, chemistry, and material science are intertwined across spatial scales ranging from the molecular to the device level, that is, from ångströms to millimeters. In photonic applications, molecular materials are often placed inside optical cavities. Together with the sought‐after enhancement of light‐molecule interactions, the cavities bring additional complexity to the modeling of such devices. Here, a multi‐scale approach that, starting from ab initio quantum mechanical molecular simulations, can compute the electromagnetic response of macroscopic devices such as cavities containing molecular materials is presented. Molecular time‐dependent density‐functional theory calculations are combined with the efficient transition matrix based solution of Maxwell's equations. Some of the capabilities of the approach are demonstrated by simulating surface metal‐organic frameworks ‐in‐cavity and J‐aggregates‐in‐cavity systems that have been recently investigated experimentally, and providing a refined understanding of the experimental results.
Terahertz Metagrating Accordion for Dynamic Beam Steering
Authors: Cheng Jierong , Dong Xipu , Chen Sai , Yuan Yiwu , Wen Qiye , Chang Shengjiang
Published: April 2022

Metasurfaces can be used to manipulate the beam direction beyond the Snell's law by the constitutive gradient elements. Independent control of the phase response of each element is usually required for real‐time beam steering, which is very challenging at terahertz (THz) frequencies. Here a type of accordion‐shaped single‐element metagratings for THz beam scanning and angle‐adaptive retroreflection is proposed. The metagrating is carefully designed to enhance the +1st order diffraction while suppressing other orders for efficient beam steering. Benefiting from the periodic arrangement, dynamic beam steering is realized by imparting desired momentum via mechanical compression and rotation, instead of the complicated element‐by‐element modulation. Beam scanning in a plane and over the 3D space is experimentally validated with elevation angles from 45° to 75° and azimuthal angles over 360°. An angle‐adaptive retroreflector by adding a metallic plate to the metagrating is studied with near perfect theoretical diffraction efficiency for incident angles within 40°–85°. The physical mechanism of wide‐angle high efficiency is detailed by the mode analysis, and can be generalized into other frequencies. The study here may find applications in THz communications and radar detections, and open a new avenue to facilitate reconfigurable metadevices for wavefront modulation.
Excited‐State‐Modulated Dual‐Wavelength Single‐Mode Lasing from a Single‐Component Organic Microbelt
Authors: De Jianbo , Liu Zhenzhi , Yin Fan , Chen Jingyao , Gu Chunling , Liu Huiying , Liu Fu , Geng Hua , Fu Hongbing , Liao Qing
Published: April 2022

Single‐mode laser is of fundamental importance due to its beam quality and spectral purity. However, common lasers operate in multimode as the dimensions of most laser resonators are much larger than the operating wavelengths. Herein, the novel dual‐wavelength single‐mode lasing from a solution of self‐assembled single‐component microbelt that consists of excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer molecules is demonstrated. The large modulation of the gain regimes and the cooperative effect between gain and loss in the cavity are proven experimentally and theoretically to be effective strategies for achieving multiple‐wavelength and single‐mode operation. These results broaden optical science and provide new insight into the construction of multicolor lasers with high spectral purity for the on‐chip integrated photonic system.
Quasi‐1D Antiferroelectricity in Centrosymmetric CsTaS3 Crystal
Authors: Bie Jie , Zhou Jian , Fa Wei
Published: April 2022

1D ferroelectric (FE) materials are expected to be promising low‐dimensional materials for nanometer devices, but are rarely reported. The previous experiment discovered that quasi‐1D CsTaS3 crystalizes in centrosymmetric space group, but in which the Ta cations have a strange shift along the c axis from the center of TaS6 octahedron. Here, the crystal structure, electronic structure, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of CsTaS3 by using first‐principles calculations are studied. It is found that the empty d orbitals of Ta cations induce the distortions of TaS6 octahedra, which bring the polarity along a given [TaS3]− chain. The adjacent chains are antiferroelectric (AFE) coupling making CsTaS3 being an AFE material. However, the FE phase of CsTaS3 is supposed to be accessible since its total energy is only 0.3 meV per formula higher than that of the AFE phase. The polarization of FE CsTaS3 is estimated to be 16.8 μC cm−2, which is comparable to those of well‐known FE perovskites. The work predicts a quasi‐1D AFE material, which would be helpful for subsequent experimental work.
Analysis of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) crosstalk in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Li Ke , Liu Fang‐Fang
Published: April 2022

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases, and has various phenotypes. Although its pathophysiology remains obscure, evidence has shown that dysregulation of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) is associated with CRSwNP. ncRNAs in the cytoplasm can act as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), which are involved in many inflammatory processes. However, the ceRNA crosstalk in CRSwNP is still unclear

Methods

We investigated expression profiles of messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in eosinophilic CRSwNP and constructed a global triple ceRNA network.

Results

As a result, 964 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRs), 207 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs), and 15 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRs) were identified, and a ceRNA network containing 598 miRNA‐mRNA pairs and 70 lncRNA‐miRNA pairs was finally constructed. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) results indicated these DEmRs were mainly enriched in “cytokine‐cytokine receptor interaction,” “salivary secretion,” “hematopoietic cell lineage,” and “chemokine signaling pathway.” Moreover, we also predicted the subcellular localization of the DElncRs identified in the network via bioinformatics approaches 

Conclusion

In summary, the present study provided the first comprehensive assessment of the ceRNA crosstalk in eosinophilic CRSwNP. These findings will be of interest to the understanding of the potential pathophysiology of this disease.
Cobalt/Salox‐Catalyzed Enantioselective C−H Functionalization of Arylphosphinamides
Authors: Yao Qi‐Jun , Chen Jia‐Hao , Song Hong , Huang Fan‐Rui , Shi Bing‐Feng
Published: April 2022

Previous methods on CoIII‐catalyzed asymmetric C−H activation rely on the use of tailor‐made cyclopentadienyl‐ligated CoIII complexes, which require lengthy steps for the preparation. Herein, we report an unprecedented enantioselective C−H functionalization enabled by a simple cobalt/salicyloxazoline (Salox) catalysis. The chiral Salox ligands can be easily prepared in one step from salicylonitrile and chiral amino alcohols. A broad range of P‐stereogenic compounds were synthesized in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities (45 examples, up to 99 % yield and >99 % ee). The isolation and characterization of several intermediates provided insights into the generation of active catalytic cobalt species, the action of Salox, and the mode of stereocontrol.
A New Strategy to Fight Metallodrug Resistance: Mitochondria‐Relevant Treatment through Mitophagy to Inhibit Metabolic Adaptations of Cancer Cells
Authors: Wang Meng‐Meng , Xu Fu‐Jie , Su Yan , Geng Yun , Qian Xiao‐Ting , Xue Xu‐Ling , Kong Ya‐Qiong , Yu Zheng‐Hong , Liu Hong‐Ke , Su Zhi
Published: April 2022

Metabolic adaptations can help cancer cells to escape from chemotherapeutics, mainly involving autophagy and ATP production. Herein, we report a new rhein‐based cyclometalated IrIII complex, Ir‐Rhein, that can accurately target mitochondria and effectively inhibit metabolic adaptations. The complex Ir‐Rhein induces severe mitochondrial damage and initiates mitophagy to reduce the number of mitochondria and subsequently inhibit both mitochondrial and glycolytic bioenergetics, which eventually leads to ATP starvation death. Moreover, Ir‐Rhein can overcome cisplatin resistance. Co‐incubation experiment, 3D tumor spheroids experiment and transcriptome analysis reveal that Ir‐Rhein shows promising antiproliferation performance for cisplatin‐resistant cancer cells with the regulation of platinum resistance‐related transporters. To our knowledge, this is a new strategy to overcome metallodrug resistance with a mitochondria‐relevant treatment.
An atlas of genetic correlations between gestational age and common psychiatric disorders
Authors: Yao Yao , Li Chun'e , Meng Peilin , Cheng Bolun , Cheng Shiqiang , Liu Li , Yang Xuena , Jia Yumeng , Wen Yan , Zhang Feng
Published: April 2022

We aim to systematically explore the potential genetic correlations between five major psychiatric disorders and gestational ages. Genome‐wide association study (GWAS) summary datasets of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia (SCZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD) in discovery were downloaded from the Psychiatric GWAS Consortium (PGC) website. Suggestive (Raw p < 0.05) genetic associations in the discovery phrase were further replicated in independent GWASs which downloaded from PGC, the FinnGen study or Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH) website. GWASs of gestational duration, preterm and post‐term birth were derived from previous studies of infants from the Early Growth Genetics (EGG) Consortium, the iPSYCH study, and the Genomic and Proteomic Network for Preterm Birth Research (GPN). We calculated genetic correlations using linkage disequilibrium score (LDSC) regression. Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed to investigate the causal effects. We identified four suggestive genetic correlations between psychiatric disorders and gestational age factors in discovery LDSC and two replicated in a confirmation LDSC: gestational duration and ADHD (rg = −0.1405, FDR p = 0.0406), post‐term birth and SCZ (rg = −0.2003, FDR p = 0.0042). We also observed causal effect of post‐term birth on SCZ by MR (PWeighted median = 0.037, PInverse variance weighted = 0.007). Our analysis suggested no significant evidence of horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity. This study showed the genetic correlation evidences between gestational age phenotypes and psychiatric disorders, providing novel clues for understanding the pathogenic factors of common psychiatric disorders.

Lay Summary

Whereas gestational age factors were reported to be associated with psychiatric disorders, the genetic relationship and causality remain to be revealed. The present study reported the first large‐scale genetic correlations investigation of the associations between gestational age phenotypes and psychiatric disorders. Results indicate causal relationships between post‐term birth and schizophrenia (SCZ), as well as suggestive genetic correlations between gestational duration and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study provided novel clues for understanding the pathogenic factors of common psychiatric disorders.
Isopropenyl Esters (iPEs) in Green Organic Synthesis
Authors: Rigo Davide , Masters Anthony F. , Maschmeyer Thomas , Selva Maurizio , Fiorani Giulia
Published: April 2022

The need for greener compounds able to replace conventional ones with similar reactivity is crucial for the development of sustainable chemistry. Isopropenyl esters (iPEs) represent one eco‐friendly alternative to acyl halides and anhydrides. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the preparation methodologies and reported synthetic applications of iPEs and, in particular, of isopropenyl acetate (iPAc). Intriguingly, the presence of a C=C double bond adjacent to the ester functionality makes iPEs appealing in different chemoselective organic synthesis transformations. For instance, the acyl moiety is suitable for transesterification reactions in presence of different heteroatom‐based nucleophiles (C−, O−, N−, S−, Se−); these reactions are irreversible thanks to the formation of acetone, obtained upon keto‐enol tautomerization of the prop‐1‐en‐2‐ol (isopropenyl) leaving group. Similarly, the unsaturation contained in the isopropenyl synthon could be selectively exploited in organic synthesis for electrophilic and/or radical additions as well as in metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions. To conclude, iPEs recently found major interest in the direct modification of biomass (i.e. lignin or cellulose) and in the implementation of tandem reactions of esterification‐acetalization by exploiting the co‐formation of acetone during the reaction.
Comparing risk adjustment estimation methods under data availability constraints
Authors: Iommi Marica , Bergquist Savannah , Fiorentini Gianluca , Paolucci Francesco
Published: April 2022

The Italian National Healthcare Service relies on per capita allocation for healthcare funds, despite having a highly detailed and wide range of data to potentially build a complex risk‐adjustment formula. However, heterogeneity in data availability limits the development of a national model. This paper implements and ealuates machine learning (ML) and standard risk‐adjustment models on different data scenarios that a Region or Country may face, to optimize information with the most predictive model. We show that ML achieves a small but generally statistically insignificant improvement of adjusted R2 and mean squared error with fine data granularity compared to linear regression, while in coarse granularity and poor range of variables scenario no differences were observed. The advantage of ML algorithms is greater in the coarse granularity and fair/rich range of variables set and limited with fine granularity scenarios. The inclusion of detailed morbidity‐ and pharmacy‐based adjustors generally increases fit, although the trade‐off of creating adverse economic incentives must be considered.
Teacher–student relationships and academic adaptation in college freshmen: Disentangling the between‐person and within‐person effects
Authors: Li Jian‐Bin
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Adolescents face increased academic demands and lower structure as they move from high school to college. Good relationships with teachers are considered a crucial factor linked with adaptive academic behavior. However, few longitudinal studies have investigated the association between teacher–student relationships and academic adaptation over time in the higher education context, especially focusing on freshmen and separating the between‐person and within‐person effects. This study aimed to fill the said gaps based on the developmental‐contextual perspective of psychosocial adjustment.

Methods

Participants were 1578 Chinese freshmen who just transitioned from high school to college (Mage = 18.72 years, SD = 0.92). Data were collected at the 2nd (T1), 4th (T2), and 8th (T3) months upon college entry. Both cross‐lagged panel model (CLPM) and random intercept, CLPM (RI‐CLPM) were used to examine the focal association.

Results

Findings of CLPM revealed bidirectional associations between teacher–student relationships and academic adaptation over time. Findings from RI‐CLPM suggested that at the between‐person level, teacher–student relationships were significantly related to academic adaptation, echoing the results of CLPM. At the within‐person level, however, the findings revealed a unidirectional effect, such that the within‐person changes in teacher–student relationships at T2 predicted corresponding changes in academic adaptation at T3. Findings of CLPM and RI‐CLPM were robust after controlling for T1 covariates.

Conclusion

The association between teacher–student relationships and academic adaptation is due mainly to the stable, trait‐like difference between individuals and due partly to state‐like variations within individuals. Enhancing teacher–student relationships appears a promising avenue to facilitate academic adaptation among college freshmen.
Generative learning approach for radiation dose reduction in X‐ray guided cardiac interventions
Authors: Azizmohammadi Fariba , Navarro Castellanos Iñaki , Miró Joaquim , Segars Paul , Samei Ehsan , Duong Luc
Published: April 2022

Background

Navigation guidance in cardiac interventions is provided by X‐ray angiography. Cumulative radiation exposure is a serious concern for pediatric cardiac interventions.

Purpose

A generative learning‐based approach is proposed to predict X‐ray angiography frames to reduce the radiation exposure for pediatric cardiac interventions while preserving the image quality.

Methods

Frame predictions are based on a model‐free motion estimation approach using a long short‐term memory architecture and a content predictor using a convolutional neural network structure. The presented model thus estimates contrast‐enhanced vascular structures such as the coronary arteries and their motion in X‐ray sequences in an end‐to‐end system. This work was validated with 56 simulated and 52 patients' X‐ray angiography sequences.

Results

Using the predicted images can reduce the number of pulses by up to three new frames without affecting the image quality. The average required acquisition can drop by 30% per second for a 15 fps acquisition. The average structural similarity index measurement was 97% for the simulated dataset and 82% for the patients' dataset.

Conclusions

Frame prediction using a learning‐based method is promising for minimizing radiation dose exposure. The required pulse rate is reduced while preserving the frame rate and the image quality. With proper integration in X‐ray angiography systems, this method can pave the way for improved dose management.
Public protests and environmental policy‐making: The cases of Xiamen antiparaxylene protests in China and the civic movement against Kodaikkanal mercury poisoning in India
Authors: Joseph Justin , Thomas Karackattu Joe
Published: April 2022

Emerging environmental challenges continuously push against the theoretical and methodological borders of the International Relations discipline, in terms of new understandings about agency‐structure dynamics and state behavior. A comparative analysis of non‐Western polities such as India and China bring forth interesting observations regarding state praxis in dealing with the above‐mentioned challenges. This study assesses environmentalNIMBY(Not In My Backyard) protests in Xiamen, China using fieldwork observations from September 2016 to December 2016 and September 2017 to July 2018 and undertakes a comparison with a major protest movement in Tamil Nadu, India. (NIMBY stands for Not In My Backyard. NIMBY protests denote the objection of local citizens to the installation of environmentally hazardous projects in their vicinity.) The comparative assessment of protests in both countries reveals that despite dissimilarities in political cultures, new media advocacy and Environmental Nongovernmental Organizations (ENGOs) are the key factors directly responsible for facilitating public participation in environmental policy‐making in both countries. It also suggests that comparative analyses can unravel similarities among the interaction among social institutions in dealing with issues such as environmental threats across spatial and temporal dimensions. The study is based on a discursive analysis of technical study reports, media reporting, and extensive interviews and fieldwork observations.
Hospital Acquired Infections in Surgical Patients: Impact of COVID‐19‐Related Infection Prevention Measures
Authors: Tham Nicole , Fazio Timothy , Johnson Douglas , Skandarajah Anita , Hayes Ian P.
Published: April 2022

Background

Hospital acquired infections are common, costly, and potentially preventable adverse events. This study aimed to determine the effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic‐related escalation in infection prevention and control measures on the incidence of hospital acquired infection in surgical patients in a low COVID‐19 environment in Australia.

Method

This was a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary institution. All patients undergoing a surgical procedure from 1 April 2020 to 30 June 2020 (COVID‐19 pandemic period) were compared to patients pre‐pandemic (1 April 2019–30 June 2019). The primary outcome investigated was odds of overall hospital acquired infection. The secondary outcome was patterns of involved microorganisms. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess odds of hospital acquired infection.

Results

There were 5945 admission episodes included in this study, 224 (6.6%) episodes had hospital acquired infections in 2019 and 179 (7.1%) in 2020. Univariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated no evidence of change in odds of having a hospital acquired infection between cohorts (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.88–1.33, P = 0.434). The multivariable regression analysis adjusting for potentially confounding co‐variables also demonstrated no evidence of change in odds of hospital acquired infection (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.74–1.16, P = 0.530).

Conclusion

Increased infection prevention and control measures did not affect the incidence of hospital acquired infection in surgical patients in our institution, suggesting that there may be a plateau effect with these measures in a system with a pre‐existing high baseline of practice.