bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Statistical optics modeling of dark-field scattering in X-ray grating interferometers: Part 2. Simulation
Authors: Wilde Jeffrey P. , Hesselink Lambertus
Published: November 2021

A grating-based Talbot-Lau X-ray interferometer provides three imaging modalities, namely attenuation, differential phase contrast, and dark field. Of these, dark-field imaging is uniquely capable of detecting and characterizing micron-scale fine structure in an object via small-angle scattering that reduces fringe visibility. In Part 1 [Opt. Express 29, 40891 (2021)10.1364/OE.447794], we formulate a statistical optics model that predicts the change in visibility, or dark-field signal, as a function of the statistical properties of the scattering object as well as its location within the interferometer. In Part 2, we demonstrate use of this model by simulating an object comprising a random collection of scattering microspheres placed in an X-ray grating interferometer designed to operate at 28 keV. The statistical optics results are validated by numerical Fourier optics simulations.
Experimental demonstration of mode selection in bridge-coupled metallo-dielectric nanolasers
Authors: Jiang Sizhu , Belogolovskii Dmitrii , Deka Suruj S. , Pan Si Hui , Fainman Yeshaiahu
Published: November 2021

We experimentally demonstrate bridge-coupled metallo-dielectric nanolasers that can operate in the in-phase or out-of-phase locking modes at room temperature. By varying the length of the bridge, we show that the coupling coefficients can be realized in support of the stable operation of any of these two modes. Both coupled nanolaser designs have been fabricated and characterized for experimental validation. Their lasing behavior has been confirmed by the spectral evolution, light-in light-out characterizations, and emission linewidth narrowing. The operating mode is identified from the near-field and far-field emission pattern measurements. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of mode selection in bridge-coupled metallo-dielectric nanolasers, which can serve as building blocks in nanolaser arrays for applications in imaging, virtual reality devices, and lidars.
Respiration modulates oscillatory neural network activity at rest
Authors: Kluger Daniel S. , Gross Joachim
Published: November 2021

Despite recent advances in understanding how respiration affects neural signalling to influence perception, cognition, and behaviour, it is yet unclear to what extent breathing modulates brain oscillations at rest. We acquired respiration and resting state magnetoencephalography (MEG) data from human participants to investigate if, where, and how respiration cyclically modulates oscillatory amplitudes (2 to 150 Hz). Using measures of phase–amplitude coupling, we show respiration-modulated brain oscillations (RMBOs) across all major frequency bands. Sources of these modulations spanned a widespread network of cortical and subcortical brain areas with distinct spectrotemporal modulation profiles. Globally, delta and gamma band modulations varied with distance to the head centre, with stronger modulations at distal (versus central) cortical sites. Overall, we provide the first comprehensive mapping of RMBOs across the entire brain, highlighting respiration–brain coupling as a fundamental mechanism to shape neural processing within canonical resting state and respiratory control networks (RCNs).
Deficiency of ASGR1 in pigs recapitulates reduced risk factor for cardiovascular disease in humans
Authors: Xie Baocai , Shi Xiaochen , Li Yan , Xia Bo , Zhou Jia , Du Minjie , Xing Xiangyang , Bai Liang , Liu Enqi , Alvarez Fernando , Jin Long , Deng Shaoping , Mitchell Grant A. , Pan Dengke , Li Mingzhou , Wu Jiangwei
Published: November 2021

Genetic variants in the asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1) are associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in humans. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Given the cardiovascular similarities between pigs and humans, we generated ASGR1-deficient pigs using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. These pigs show age-dependent low levels of non-HDL-C under standard diet. When received an atherogenic diet for 6 months, ASGR1-deficient pigs show lower levels of non-HDL-C and less atherosclerotic lesions than that of controls. Furthermore, by analysis of hepatic transcriptome and in vivo cholesterol metabolism, we show that ASGR1 deficiency reduces hepatic de novo cholesterol synthesis by downregulating 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), and increases cholesterol clearance by upregulating the hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), which together contribute to the low levels of non-HDL-C. Despite the cardioprotective effect, we unexpectedly observed mild to moderate hepatic injury in ASGR1-deficient pigs, which has not been documented in humans with ASGR1 variants. Thus, targeting ASGR1 might be an effective strategy to reduce hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis, whereas further clinical evidence is required to assess its hepatic impact.
Myofibroblast transdifferentiation is associated with changes in cellular and extracellular vesicle miRNA abundance
Authors: Zainal Abidin Siti Amalina Inche , Paterson Ian Charles , Hunt Stuart , Lambert Daniel W. , Higginbotham Samuel , Pink Ryan Charles
Published: November 2021

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), a pro-fibrotic tumour-derived factor promotes fibroblast differentiation in the tumour microenvironment and is thought to contribute to the development of pro-tumourigenic cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) by promoting myofibroblast differentiation. miRNA dysregulation has been demonstrated in myofibroblast transdifferentiation and CAF activation, however, their expression varies among cell types and with the method of fibroblast induction. Here, the expression profile of miRNA in human primary oral fibroblasts treated with TGF-β1, to derive a myofibroblastic, CAF-like phenotype, was determined compared to untreated fibroblasts. Myofibroblast transdifferentiation was determined by the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin-1 extra domain A (FN-EDA1) using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot. The formation of stress fibres was assessed by fluorescence microscopy, and associated changes in contractility were assessed using collagen contraction assays. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were purified by using size exclusion chromatography and ultracentrifugation and their size and concentration were determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis. miRNA expression profiling in oral fibroblasts treated with TGF-β1 and their extracellular vesicles was carried out using tiling low-density array cards. The Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) was used to perform functional and pathway enrichment analysis of target genes. In this study, TGF-β1 induced a myofibroblastic phenotype in normal oral fibroblasts as assessed by expression of molecular markers, the formation of stress fibres and increased contractility. TaqMan Low-Density Array (TLDA) analysis demonstrated that miR-503 and miR-708 were significantly upregulated, while miR-1276 was significantly downregulated in TGF-β1-treated oral fibroblasts (henceforth termed experimentally-derived CAF, eCAF). The gene functional enrichment analysis showed that the candidate miRNAs have the potential to modulate various pathways; including the Ras associated protein 1 (Rap1), PI3K-Akt, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) signalling pathways. In addition, altered levels of several miRNAs were detected in eCAF EV, including miR-142 and miR-222. No differences in size or abundance of EV were detected between eCAF and normal oral fibroblast (NOF). Little overlap was observed between changes in cellular and EV miRNA profiles, suggesting the possibility of selective loading of EV miRNA. The study reveals miRNA expression signature could be involved in myofibroblast transdifferentiation and the miRNA cargo of their EV, providing novel insight into the involvement of miRNA in CAF development and function.
Presbyopia developed earlier during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Negishi Kazuno , Ayaki Masahiko
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The aim of this cohort study was to evaluate the development and progression of presbyopia and the status of dry eye-related symptoms from 2017 to 2020, to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Near add power at 30 cm was measured in 339 participants aged between 40 and 55 from 2017 to 2021 at Japanese eye clinics. Regression analysis of near add power and age was analyzed to compare 2017 with later years up to the pandemic. The prevalence of dry eye-related signs and six common symptoms were compared.

Results

The number and mean age (y) of participants were 183 (48.6±4.1) in 2017, 46 (51.3±7.5) in 2019, and 110 (49.2±3.7) in 2020–21, respectively. The mean progression rate of near add power (D/y) was 0.13 for 2017, 0.09 for 2019 (P = 0.028, vs 2017), and 0.08 for 2020–21 (P<0.001, vs 2017). The slope (rate of presbyopia progression) became flatter from 2017 to 2021 and the estimated near add power at the age of 40 increased from 2017 to 2020–2021, implicating presbyopia developed earlier and worsened during the study period. The 2017 values were comparable with previous studies described in 1922 and 2019. The standardized correlation coefficient between age and near add power was 0.816 for 2017, 0.671 for 2019 (P = 0.084, vs 2017), and 0.572 for 2020–21 (P<0.001, vs 2017). Multiple regression analysis revealed age and COVID-19 pandemic were significantly correlated with near add power. The prevalence of dryness irritation, and pain was greater in 2020–21 than in 2017 with no difference in the prevalence of eye fatigue, blurring, and photophobia. There was no difference in the prevalence of short tear break-up time and positive corneal staining among 2017, 2019 and 2020–21.

Conclusion

Estimated presbyopia developed earlier and progressed slower from 2017 to 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic. Stress and rapid digitalization related to strict infection control and quarantine might be contributing factors.
Exploring the awareness, attitudes, and actions (AAA) of UK adults at high risk of severe illness from COVID-19
Authors: Flint Stuart W. , Brown Adrian , Sanders George , Tahrani Abd A.
Published: November 2021

Background

People at high risk of severe illness from COVID-19 have experienced greater restrictions during the pandemic, yet there is a paucity of research exploring their lived experience.

Objectives

This study explored the impact of COVID-19 on people identified as at high risk of severe illness by UK Government, and in particular, the impact of the first lockdown on access to healthcare, medications and use of technological platforms.

Methods

1038 UK adults who identified as at high risk of severe illness from COVID-19 in line with UK Government guidance or self-identified with acute or other chronic health conditions, completed the Awareness, Attitudes and Actions survey which explored the impact of COVID-19 on access to healthcare, management of long-term health condition, mental health, and health behaviours.

Results

Most participants reported feelings of vulnerability, anxiety and isolation, noticed that other people changed their behaviour towards them including a feeling of being stigmatised by people not categorised as high risk. Participants described the largely negative impact that the COVID-19 lockdown had on to health-related behaviours and access to healthcare, which had resulted in large declines in mental health and wellbeing. Participants also indicated disappointment at the UK Governments response and handling of the COVID-19 lockdown.

Implications

This study provides novel evidence of the lived experience of the first COVID-19 lockdown for people identified as at high risk of severe illness. In the context of behavioural health interventions, the ubiquity of digital technologies and their adoption into day-to-day life translates into greater potential reach than traditional interventions, and consequently, greater potential for positive public health impact. Findings should be considered by policymakers and healthcare professionals to support people now and as we transition through the recovery phase with a particular emphasis on supporting mental health and changes to the management of long-term health conditions.
Population-based comparative survival analysis of surgery with or without adjuvant radiotherapy and non-operative primary radiotherapy in patients with early-stage oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lim Yu Jin , Kong Moonkyoo
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Although recent clinical guidelines do allow primary radiotherapy for selected patients with early-stage oral tongue cancer, there has been little knowledge on the treatment outcomes of non-operative radiotherapy using modern treatment techniques. This study evaluated recent prognostic differences between primary radiotherapy and surgical resection in T1‒2N0 oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with T1‒2N0 oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. After propensity score matching, the disease-specific survival of primary radiotherapy and surgery was compared.

Results

From a total of 8,458 patients initially identified, we defined matched cohorts: cohort A, comparing surgery alone vs. primary radiotherapy (n = 230 vs. 230), and cohort B, comparing surgery plus adjuvant radiotherapy vs. primary radiotherapy (n = 230 vs. 230). The 7-year disease-specific survival rates were 77% vs. 35% (cohort A) and 65% vs. 35% (cohort B) (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). Primary radiotherapy was independently associated with worse disease-specific survival in both cohorts A (hazard ratio 4.06; 95% confidence interval 2.53‒6.52) and B (hazard ratio 2.81; 95% confidence interval 1.96‒4.04). Time-course hazard rate function plots showed a distinct short-term risk increment in disease-specific mortality in the primary radiotherapy group.

Conclusion

In the contemporary treatment era, the use of radiotherapy as a definitive treatment resulted in an inferior prognosis in patients with T1‒2N0 oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. The present population-based data suggest that primary radiotherapy cannot be used as an alternative to surgical management and it needs to be avoided as much as possible in early-stage tumors.
Prevalence and associated risk factors for dry eye disease among Brazilian undergraduate students
Authors: Yang Isabela , Wakamatsu Tais , Sacho Isabella Batistela Inhesta , Fazzi José Henrique , de Aquino Asafe César , Ayub Gabriel , Rebello Pedro Albuquerque , Gomes José Álvaro Pereira , Alves Monica
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Dry eye is a common, complex, and multifactorial disease of the ocular surface and tear film that results in discomfort and visual disturbances. Prevalence rates vary and largely rely on studies involving older populations. This study sought to evaluate dry eye among a sample of young students in Brazil.

Methods

Cross-sectional survey included 2,140 students using 2 self-applicable questionnaires of dry eye symptoms: the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and the Women’s Health Study (WHS) questionnaire and a list of risk factors associated with dry eye. Participants with dry eye symptoms underwent a clinical evaluation.

Results

Participants were 23.4±5.2 years of age, 56.1% female and 43.9% male, 34.4% had an OSDI score greater than 22, and 23.5% had dry eye according to the WHS. Dry eye frequency differed consistently between the sexes: 42.6% women and 24.0% men based on the OSDI, and 27.1% women and 18.5% men based on the WHS. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that female sex, contact lens wear, the screen use for more than 6 hours per day, less than 6 hours of sleep a night, and certain medications were relevant related risk factors for dry eye. Despite symptoms, clinical evaluations demonstrated mild signs of dry eye.

Conclusions

Dry eye symptoms were found to be a prevalent condition among Brazilian undergraduate students. Compared to the rates of dry eye among the general Brazilian population over 40 years of age, students present at higher dry eye symptoms rates and distinct odds for related risk factors were identified.
Seclusion in an enriched environment versus seclusion as usual: A quasi-experimental study using mixed methods
Authors: van der Venne Cornelia G. J. M. , van Meijel Berno , Deen Mathijs , Olff Miranda , Mulder Cornelis L.
Published: November 2021

Background

For patients, seclusion during psychiatric treatment is often a traumatic experience. To prevent such experiences, adjustments in the design of seclusion rooms have been recommended.

Methods

As there have been no empirical studies on the matter, we used a quasi-experimental design to compare the experiences in seclusion of two groups of patients: 26 who had been secluded in a room designed according to the principles of healing environment, a so called ‘Enriched Environment Seclusion room’ (EES), and 27 who had been secluded in a regular seclusion (RS) room. The enrichment included audio-visual facilities, a fixed toilet, a couch and a self-service system to adjust light, colour, blinds and temperature according to the patient’s preferences. Insight into their experiences was obtained using the Patient View-of-Seclusion Questionnaire, which comprises nine statements on seclusion, supplemented with open-ended questions.

Results

The responses regarding seclusion experiences between the two groups did not differ significantly (U = 280.00, p = .21, r = -.17). Although those who had been secluded in the specially designed room had greatly appreciated the opportunities for distraction, and those who had been secluded in a regular seclusion room expressed the need for more distracting activities during seclusion, both groups described seclusion as a dreadful experience. If seclusion cannot be avoided, patients recommend facilities for distraction (such as those provided in an enriched environment seclusion room) to be available.

Conclusion

Whatever the physical environment and facilities of a seclusion room, we may thus conclude that seclusion is a burdensome experience.
Adaptation and validity of the Sleep Quality Scale among Chinese drivers
Authors: Chen Shuang , Sun Long , Zhang Changlu
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Poor sleep quality is closed related with driving accidents. However, due to the lack of a valid instrument for assessing drivers’ sleep quality, few studies have examined drivers’ sleep quality and its associations with driving behaviours and traffic accidents in China. The aim of this paper is to revise the Sleep Quality Scale (SQS) and assess its reliability and validity in Chinese drivers.

Methods

522 Chinese drivers aged from 18 to 56 years old agreed to complete the SQS, Daytime Sleepiness Perception Scale version 4 (DSPS-4), Self-report of Risky Driving Behavior (RD-SR) and Self-assessment of the Likelihood of Being Involved in a Risky Driving Situation (RD-SA).

Results

The final Chinese version of the SQS contained 23 items across four factors: difficulty in getting up, difficulty in falling asleep, sleep recovery and daytime dysfunction. Second, man scored lower on the difficulty in falling asleep factor but higher on the sleep recovery factor than women. Third, low to moderate correlations were found between the SQS factors and the DSPS-4, RD-SA and RD-SR, indicating that the validity of the revised scale was satisfactory. More importantly, daytime dysfunction factor is an effective predictor of violation involvement and accident involvement.

Conclusion

The revised SQS has acceptable reliability and validity and can be used as a tool to measure the sleep quality of Chinese drivers.
Gender roles and intimate partner violence among female university students in Spain: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Llano-Suárez Andrea , Lana Alberto , Gasch-Gallén Ángel , Fernández-Feito Ana
Published: November 2021

Background

Traditional gender roles (GRs) have a considerable influence on relationships among couples. These can lead to negative health effects in women; however, their impact on intimate partner violence (IPV) has been less explored, especially among younger women.

Objective

To explore the association between traditional GRs and several indicators of IPV on a sample of Spanish female university students involved in heterosexual dating relationships.

Methods

A cross-sectional study involving female university students (n = 1,005) pursuing ten degrees (four Health Science degrees and six Social Sciences degrees). Data were collected using two validated scales: 1) the Questionnaire on the Gender Determinants of Contraception (COGANT), used to examine four traditional GRs (submissive, blind, and passive attitudes of female students, and male dominance), and 2) the Dating Violence Questionnaire-R (DVQ-R) scale, used to measure five types of IPV-behaviors (coercion, detachment, humiliation, sexual violence, and physical violence), perceived fear, entrapment, and abuse. Logistic and linear regressions were conducted to study the association between GR and a series of IPV indicators in dating relationships.

Results

Traditional GRs were highly prevalent (57.0% submissive, 52.0% blind attitude, 75.7% passive, and 31.7% identified their boyfriend as being dominant). Up to 66.3% experienced some type of violent behavior. All GRs were significantly associated with IPV indicators. A submissive attitude in female students was the GR that was most strongly associated to total IPV-behavior (adjusted odd ratio [OR] = 3.18; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.29–4.42), followed by male dominance (OR = 2.79: 95% CI:1.71: 4.54). Both GRs were also highly associated with perceived fear, entrapment, and abuse.

Conclusions

A high presence of traditional GRs was found in the relationships held by female university students, which was significantly associated with IPV indicators. Universities must adopt policies for gender equality and raise awareness on dating violence.
The mind games have already started: An in-depth examination of trash talking in Counter-Strike: Global Offensive esports using practice theory
Authors: Irwin Sidney V. , Naweed Anjum , Lastella Michele
Published: November 2021

Trash talking is a contentious and prevalent practice in traditional sports but few studies have examined its practice in esports – a computer-mediated form of sports competition in videogaming. This study used practice theory to identify different forms and dialectical relationships of trash talking in Counter-Strike: Global Offensive. Fifty hours of structured observations of professional tournaments were conducted followed by semi-structured interviews with fifteen spectators/casual gamers. Inductive analysis of data based on practice theory-related constructs identified varying perspectives on trash talk, and six distinct forms. Trash talk was directed towards players from opposing players, coaches, fans, casters and analysts. ‘Teabagging’ was the most controversial, but a predominantly positive ethos for trash talk was found, such that it was a distinct part of this esports scene. Theoretical and practice-oriented implications are discussed and a conceptualization of the practice of trash talk is given to encourage further debate and discussion in the field.
Assessment of Immunomodulatory Effect on Natural Antioxidants – An In Vitro Study
Authors: Manivasagam Deepigaa , Muthukrishnan Arvind , S. Rajeshkumar
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND Garlic has anti allergic, anti-tumour and chemo preventive effect. Turmeric has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and immunomodulatory activities. Spirulina has antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, and antibacterial effects. Honey has antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, antiinflammatory. The purpose of this study was to prepare herbal formulations of garlic, turmeric, honey, and spirulina and analyse its immunomodulatory effect. METHODS Garlic, turmeric, honey, and spirulina were combined with 100 ml of distilled water and simmered for 15 minutes before being filtered and condensed again to 5 ml. The diphenyl 1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate test (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) and H2O2 assays were used to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect. RESULTS The prepared extract showed significant results at 50 l when assessed using DPPH, FRAP and H2O2 assay (i.e.) 72.1 %, 94.6 % and 67.9 % respectively. CONCLUSIONS This in-vitro study shows that the combination of garlic, turmeric, honey and spirulina formulation have good immunomodulatory effects when compared to the standard. Hence, in future, it can be used as a safe alternative instead of commercially available medicines in the form of in-situ gel for management of immune mediated disorders. KEY WORDS Garlic, Turmeric, Honey, Spirulina, Antioxidant, Immunomodulator
Evaluation of Molecular Positive Margins Using Surrogate P53 and Retinoblastoma Protein Expression and Correlation with Surgical Outcomes in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Thakur Bimlesh , Singhal Ashish , Agarwal Akash , Hadi Rahat , Puttaswamy Rajshekar , Hussain Nuzhat
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND p53 mutation and Rb over-expression have been extensively studied in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) but their clinical relevance with respect to excision margins is still controversial. The purpose of the study was to determine the expression of molecular markers (p53& Rb) for predicting early locoregional recurrence in oral cancer. METHODS Histopathological specimens of 93 patients of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma were subjected to p53 mutation and Rb protein testing in tumour and at the closest negative margin on H &E using immunohistochemistry. The expression of p53 and Rb in tumour tissue and at excision margin was correlated with clinicopathologic parameters recurrence and survival over a 2 year follow up period. RESULTS p53 mutation expression in tumour tissue was associated with increased recurrence (22.5 % versus 11.3 % P = 0.13) and mortality (17.5 % versus 5.6 % P = 0.056). p53 expression at margins is also associated with higher recurrence and mortality. Rb overexpression in tumour tissue is not significantly associated with recurrence (15 % and 16.4 %). Rb overexpression at margins had higher recurrence (40 %; P = 0.627) and higher mortality (60 %) in comparison to Rb negative cases (16.4 %versus 6.8 % respectively). CONCLUSIONS Clinical and routine histopathological assessments of margins remain the standard method of prognosticating and planning adjuvant treatment. Determination of molecular positive margins using p53 & Rb in oral cancer may aid in identifying patients at high risk of development of recurrence despite negative pathological margins. KEYWORDS Rb, Margin, P53, Recurrence.
Experience of long-term use of denosumab in women with osteoporosis and various concomitant diseases
Authors: Skripnikova I. A. , Kosmatova O. V. , Novikov V. E. , Myagkova M. A. , Shishkova V. N.
Published: November 2021

Background: Possible differences in the results of planned RCTs and real clinical practice were the reason for the analysis of long-term therapy with denosumab in patients with osteoporosis (OP) of various origins on an outpatient basis.

Aim: To assess the effectiveness of long-term administration of denosumab in terms of the effect on BMD and markers of bone metabolism, tolerance and consequences of drug withdrawal in patients with OP of various etiologies.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis of the outpatient records of women with OP of various etiology, who were observed at the FSBI «NMRC TPM» from 1 to 10 years and regularly received denosumab 60 mg once every 6 months subcutaneously (at least 2 injections), was carried out. All completed examination and anthropometric research; DXA of the lumbar spine and proximal femur (PF); laboratory tests: marker of bone resorption CTx (β-crosslaps) in blood serum; survey on the presence of adverse events.

Results: The study included 148 patients who were divided into 2 groups: 1 (N=98) - did not take anti-osteoporotic therapy (AT), 2 (N=50) - who took AT before the appointment of denosumab. Long-term therapy with denosumab was associated with a steady and reliable increase in BMD in the spine and PF, as well as a decrease in the concentration of CTx of both those who didn’t take and who previously took AT. In 54% of patients BMD in the spine reached values of osteopenia, in 43.4% of women target BMD values in the femoral neck were determined. During the first year of therapy, there was a decrease in the concentration of CTx by 67% in those who didn’t take AT and by 58% in those who had previously taken AT. Discontinuation of denosumab therapy without subsequent administration of AT was associated with a significant decrease in BMD in the spine (by 4.4-8.2%) during the first year after discontinuation of the drug.

Conclusion: Denosumab therapy effectively increases BMD in the spine and PF and decreases CTx levels both in untreated patients and in those who previously received AT. It is necessary to discontinue therapy, further management of the patient should be discussed to prevent «withdrawal syndrome».
Temperance and Epistemic Purity in Plato’s Phaedo
Authors: Marechal Patricia
Published: November 2021

In this paper I examine the moral psychology of the Phaedo and argue that the philosophical life in this dialogue is a temperate life, and that temperance consists in exercising epistemic discernment by actively withdrawing assent from incorrect evaluations the body inclines us to make. Philosophers deal with bodily affections by taking a correct epistemic stance. Exercising temperance thus understood is a necessary condition both for developing and strengthening rational capacities, and for fixing accurate beliefs about value. The purification philosophers strive for, and the purifying role of philosophy, should then be understood as a clarificatory act consisting in making one’s thoughts clear and withdrawing assent from erroneous evaluative content in our desires and pleasures. Along the way, I argue that philosophers must neither avoid situations and activities that cause bodily affections as much as possible, nor ignore or care little about them.
La proteína de unión a los ácidos grasos cardíaca (HFABP) está relacionada con la gravedad de la insuficiencia cardíaca y sus biomarcadores cardíacos conocidos
Authors: Gruson Damien , Adamantidou Christina , Ahn Sylvie A. , Rousseau Michel F.
Published: November 2021

Objetivos

Determinar las concentraciones de proteína de unión a los ácidos grasos cardíaca (HFABP) en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca con fracción de eyección reducida (ICFEr) y su potencial valor pronóstico.

Métodos

Se determinaron las concentraciones circulantes de HFABP mediante un inmunoensayo quimioluminiscente automático en 25 voluntarios sanos y 60 pacientes con ICFEr.

Resultados

Los pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) presentaron concentraciones de HFABP significativamente mayores que los voluntarios sanos. Se observó una correlación significativa entre los niveles de HFABP, la clasificación de la New York Heart Association (NYHA), y las concentraciones de los biomarcadores de disfunción y remodelado cardíaco (NT-proBNP, FGF-23 y galectina-3). Las concentraciones de HFABP también mostraron valor predictivo de muerte cardiovascular, y su combinación con NT-proBNP podría ser sinérgica a la hora de evaluar el riesgo.

Conclusiónes

Las concentraciones de HFABP están aumentadas en los pacientes con ICFEr, se relacionan con el riesgo cardiovascular y podrían ayudar a los especialistas en el manejo de los pacientes.
Discursive strategies of self-promotion by doctors in online medical consultations in China: an e-commercialised practice
Authors: Zhang Yu
Published: November 2021

The online mode of medical consultation has been gaining increasing popularity. Online medical consultation (OMC) in China is largely mediated through e-healthcare websites which are featured with an online evaluation system for patients and caregivers to assess OMC doctors’ service. The evaluation system facilitates an e-commercialised way for delivering healthcare services. It is of interest to study how doctors make efforts to promote themselves in the e-commercialised OMC practice, in particular how language is used to elicit positive comments and evaluations in doctors’ self-promotion. However, this, to my best knowledge, has not been studied. The present study thus examines discursive strategies for eliciting feedback by doctors who contribute to OMCs on a widely used e-healthcare website in China. By the approach of mediated discourse analysis, five strategies have been identified. These discursive strategies are discussed in relation to the disruption of stereotypical roles of doctor and patient and the influence of non-stereotypical positions on power relations between doctors and patients. This study provides a new perspective on doctor-patient relationship and serves as a starting point for further studying neoliberal medical discourse.
Analyse des besoins en français de spécialité pour étudiants étrangers en stage professionnel en France
Authors: Delalande Hana
Published: November 2021

In order to make teaching of French for specific purposes more effective, a needs analysis is a necessary step to determine the real needs of students who prepare to use French language at work on a regular basis. Therefore, cooperation between universities and companies or authorities active in labour market is very important. A detailed needs analysis enables us to identify various communication situations, both formal and informal, as well as the possible imperfections in students’ language competence and problematic areas typical for work environment. This article presents results of a qualitative research on French for specific purposes and experience of Czech students during internships in France, using the Grounded Theory Method (GTM). The research sample is composed of eight Czech students of a double degree of French-Czech Public Administration diploma from Masaryk University and University of Rennes 1, and of their French tutors. In their final year of studies, the students spend a two-month internship in French public administration authorities in the city of Rennes. Throughout the internships, the researcher conducted extensive individual interviews. Based on the findings of a thorough and detailed analysis, problematic areas and needs of language and intercultural competence development are identified. The author suggests topics to be integrated in French for specific purposes courses or a new course of an international mobility preparation.
Effect of thermal collector configuration on the photovoltaic heat transfer performance with 3D CFD modeling
Authors: Arifin Zainal , Prasetyo Singgih Dwi , Prabowo Aditya Rio , Tjahjana Dominicus Danardono Dwi Prija , Rachmanto Rendy Adhi
Published: November 2021

The shape and material of the collector configuration in photovoltaic thermal collectors (PVTs) are adjusted to alter the effectiveness of thermal conductivity. Good thermal conductivity between units plays an important role in heat absorption, and photovoltaic modules can increase electrical and thermal efficiency. In this study, a 3D computational fluid dynamics simulation of collector design in PVTs was carried out using Solidworks. The modeling was carried out on variations in the shape of boxes, pipe boxes, and triangle boxes with aluminum, copper, and mild steel materials on the thermal collector. The triangular box shape made of copper in the collector had a minimum temperature of 301.01 K when the heat generated was 1,000 W/m2and the flow volume was 0.0005 m3/s. The difference in the heat generation rate and volume flow rate in each collector variation affects the collector temperature.
Earthflow reactivation assessment by multichannel analysis of surface waves and electrical resistivity tomography: A case study
Authors: El-Raouf Amr Abd , Iqbal Ibrar , Meister Julia , Abdelrahman Kamal , Alzahrani Hassan , Badran Osman M.
Published: November 2021

In this study, we investigated the stability and reactivation of preexisting Tonghua landslide deposits in China, including the adjacent stable slope. We used an integrated approach, combining a multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). We used ERT to determine groundwater seepage paths, weathering conditions, water content, and the depth to bedrock. High-resolution two-dimensional (2D) shear-wave velocity MASW images, on the other hand, played an essential role in detecting both horizontal and vertical compositions, disjointedness, and sliding surfaces related to lithological borders. Based on seismic models, we considered four geological layers encountered in the stable slope, including fractured (gravel) and weathered (phyllite) materials, as a sliding mass. We combined the 2D resistivity profiles obtained to create pseudo-three-dimensional ERT images to estimate water-saturated and unsaturated masses. From the tomography results, we identified different preexisting deposits, including buried arable clay deposits, old accumulated earthflow deposits, a water accumulation zone, and a fissure runoff. Based on the resistivity results, the bottom of the earthflow deposits is susceptible to water, and oversaturation can reactivate the earthflow.
Classification of wood knots using artificial neural networks with texture and local feature-based image descriptors
Authors: Hwang Sung-Wook , Lee Taekyeong , Kim Hyunbin , Chung Hyunwoo , Choi Jong Gyu , Yeo Hwanmyeong
Published: November 2021

This paper describes feature-based techniques for wood knot classification. For automated classification of macroscopic wood knot images, models were established using artificial neural networks with texture and local feature descriptors, and the performances of feature extraction algorithms were compared. Classification models trained with texture descriptors, gray-level co-occurrence matrix and local binary pattern, achieved better performance than those trained with local feature descriptors, scale-invariant feature transform and dense scale-invariant feature transform. Hence, it was confirmed that wood knot classification was more appropriate for texture classification rather than an approach based on morphological classification. The gray-level co-occurrence matrix produced the highest F1 score despite representing images with relatively low-dimensional feature vectors. The scale-invariant feature transform algorithm could not detect a sufficient number of features from the knot images; hence, the histogram of oriented gradients and dense scale-invariant feature transform algorithms that describe the entire image were better for wood knot classification. The artificial neural network model provided better classification performance than the support vector machine and k-nearest neighbor models, which suggests the suitability of the nonlinear classification model for wood knot classification.
Numerical study on key issues in the Eulerian-Eulerian simulation of fluidization with wide particle size distributions
Authors: Liu Yang , Wang Haigang , Song Yinqiang , Qi Haiying
Published: November 2021

Gas-particle flows in circulating fluidized beds (CFB) with wide particle size distributions were simulated using the Eulerian-Eulerian approach to analyze the effects of the particle phase division and the applicability of the particle-particle drag model. The results indicate that the simulation is not accurate by just using a single average particle diameter when the particle size distribution includes a critical particle diameter. A binary particle phase division criterion was then developed to establish two particle phases representing two types of particles with different flow patterns. Coupling the Eulerian-Eulerian approach with the new criterion enabled accurate predictions of the pressures, particle volume fractions, and particle mass circulation rates that were in agreement with experimental data. The influences of different particle-particle drag models were also investigated to show that the simulation using the Syamlal model was not accurate due to the overestimated particle-particle drag, while the results without particle-particle drag and with the Manger model were similar and much more accurate. Moreover, the flow mechanism for the non-uniformity of particle circulation rates in the parallel circulating loops of the CFB boiler was revealed. This study improves the Eulerian-Eulerian simulations of fluidization with wide particle size distributions and further deepens the understanding of flow characteristics in CFB.
Switched-line network with digital phase shifter
Authors: Khamees Hussein Thary , Al-Ghrairi Assad H. Thary , Mohammed Ali Abdulwahhab
Published: November 2021

This article studies a six-bit digital phase shifter and its compatible design through different physiognomies. Furthermore, the communication circuits are applied based on modern knowledge by application. The study started with the initial values of 5.625° as the digital phase shifter is programmed discrete and advanced to a 64-step size. Moreover, the properties of bandwidth are computed by 6.44–10.85 GHz. (C-X band) is related to the phase shifter around the frequency, so the full improvement of 66 dB of the phase shifter is 7 dB. Besides, the phase is changing in array antenna and secondhand in optimal Design. Finally, the study discusses dissimilar kinds of digital phase shifters, to study the parameters that affects the design in future cases.
Vertrauen und Verantwortung
Authors: Hobohm Hans-Christoph
Published: November 2021

Aus den Ergebnissen von Umfragen zum Stellenwert von Archiven, Bibliotheken und Museen für die Demokratie in der Digitalität im europäischen Projekt ALMPUB ergibt sich, dass diese Informations- und Kulturerbe-Institutionen im Vergleich zu anderen gesellschaftlichen Institutionen ein außerordentlich hohes Vertrauen in der Bevölkerung genießen. Der Beitrag arbeitet die Konsequenzen aus dieser Beobachtung heraus und folgert, dass den Informationseinrichtungen i. w. S. eine hohe gesellschaftliche Verantwortung zufällt. Es wird konstatiert, dass das komplementäre Themenfeld „Vertrauen und Verantwortung“ in der Informationswissenschaft noch Forschungs- und Reflexionsdesiderate aufweist.
Role of Bifidobacterium spp. intake in improving depressive mood and well-being and its link to kynurenine blood level: an interventional study
Authors: Kazem Yusr I. , Mahmoud Maha H. , Essa Hend A. , Azmy Osama , Kandeel Wafaa A. , Al-Moghazy Marwa , El-Attar Ibrahim , Hasheesh Adel , Mehanna Nayra S.
Published: November 2021

Objectives

Evidence for the contribution of the brain-gut-microbiota axis to the depression pathophysiology is increasing nowadays. Disturbed gut microbiota equilibrium along with bad dietary habits both lead to kynurenine pathway abnormalities contributing to the depression pathophysiology. In this respect, many studies are found but the interventional clinical trials are limited. The present interventional study aims to evaluate the impact of Bifidobacterium spp. supplementation together with improving dietary intake on depressive mood and well-being and their correlation with kynurenine blood level in adult Egyptian healthy volunteers.

Methods

A number of 98 healthy female volunteers with a mean age of 46.96 ± 1.82 years were selected and enrolled in this study. They were given yogurt enriched with Bifidobacterium spp. daily for eight weeks. Clinical examination as well as questionnaires for the evaluation of psychological well-being and depression were done at base line and after eight weeks of intervention. Fasting blood samples and stool samples were collected from all subjects at baseline and eight weeks after the intervention for the investigation of serum kynurenine concentration, blood hemoglobin, serum transaminases (ALT & AST) serum urea and creatinine as well as fecal Bifidobacterium count.

Results

Data revealed that both depression and well-being showed highly significant improvement combined with significant drop in kynurenine blood level after intervention. Also, a significant rise in fecal Bifidobacterium count and a significant improvement in hemoglobin level and activity of liver enzymes were recorded. After intervention, a significant negative correlation was recorded between depression and fecal Bifidobacterium count as well as between serum kynurenine level, and well-being.

Conclusion

Bifidobacterium spp. supplementation combined with improvement in dietary intake resulted in improvement of depressive mood and well-being and reduced kynurenine blood level.
Forensische Suchtbehandlung vor der Reform
Authors: Bezzel Adelheid , Schlögl Christian , Janele David , Querengässer Jan
Published: November 2021

Die Unterbringung in einer Entziehungsanstalt ist geregelt in § 64 StGB. Diese Vorschrift steht vor einer grundlegenden Novelle. Damit werden sich voraussichtlich ab 2022 die Rahmenbedingungen forensischer Suchtbehandlung für Untergebrachte, forensisch-psychiatrische Sachverständige und Behandelnde des Maßregelvollzugs deutlich ändern. Der Artikel zielt darauf, einen Überblick zu geben über die aktuellen Probleme und Herausforderungen der Behandlung gem. § 64 StGB, sowie über die diversen Reformvorschläge. Dazu werden die bestehenden Vorschläge skizziert, zueinander und zu den ermittelten Problemen in Bezug gesetzt und diskutiert.Die Vorschläge stimmen dahingehend überein, die Eingangsvoraussetzungen des § 64 StGB einzuengen, unterscheiden sich aber im Konkreten. Konsens herrscht weitgehend bezüglich der Abschaffung der sogenannten »Halbstrafenregelung« und der Änderung juristischer Begrifflichkeiten i. S. einer Anpassung an den psychiatrischen Sprachgebrauch sowie dem Ausbau bzw. der Neuetablierung von alternativen Behandlungsmöglichkeiten. Zusätzlich diskutieren manche Vorschläge die Etablierung probatorischer Behandlungen und die engere Gestaltung der Konnexität zwischen Suchtproblematik und Delinquenzneigung. Als besonders weitreichend imponiert ein Vorschlag der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Nervenheilkunde (DGPPN), die Unterbringungsanordnung an die Zustimmung und Demonstration von Behandlungsbereitschaft der Betroffenen zu knüpfen. Aus Sicht der Autoren erscheinen einige der Vorschläge durchaus geeignet, den skizzierten Problemen forensischer Suchtbehandlung zu begegnen, andere werden kritischer gesehen. Darüber hinaus sollte die Reform genutzt werden, die gesetzliche Forderung nach einer »hinreichend konkreten« Aussicht auf einen Behandlungserfolg zu revidieren.
Adsorption properties and mechanism of uranium by three biomass materials
Authors: Wang Zhe , Huang Feng-Yu , Liu Yan , Yi Fa-Cheng , Feng Yuan , Luo Ying , Jia Wen-Jing , Wang Zhen-Yu
Published: November 2021

Wood fibers, bamboo fibers and rice husk were applied to the adsorption of uranium from aqueous solution to understand the uranium adsorption behavior and mechanism by these natural sorbents. The effects of time, adsorbent particle size, pH, adsorbent dosage, temperature and initial concentration were studied using batch technique. The adsorption mechanism was discussed by isothermal adsorption models, adsorption kinetic models. The results suggested that the three biomass adsorbents showed great efficiency of adsorption for uranium. The adsorption capacity of biosorbents of comparatively small particle size and large dosage is quite high. Uranium adsorption achieved a maximum adsorption amount at around pH 3 for wood fibers and bamboo fibers, and around pH 5 for rice husk. All isotherms fitted well to the Langmuir Freundlich and D-R equation, indicating that the adsorption process is favorable and dominated by ion exchange. Rice husk had a highest adsorption capacity, followed by bamboo fibers, while wood fibers had little uranium adsorption under the studied conditions, and the adsorption capacity was 12.22, 11.27 and 11.04 mg/g, respectively. The equilibrium data was well represented by the pseudo-second-order kinetics, indicating that the adsorption rate was controlled by chemical adsorption. Ion exchange was the main adsorption mechanism, and the exchange ions were mainly Na+ and K+.