bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calculation methods for determining of fuel consumption per hour by transport vehicles
Authors: Krivoshapov S I , Nazarov A I , Mysiura M I , Marmut I A , Zuyev V A , Bezridnyi V V , Pavlenko V N
Published: December 2020

The paper proposes a mathematical model by which it is possible to calculate the hourly fuel consumption for an internal combustion engine operating at idle mode or with a constant load. Simplification of the technique consisted in the calculation of the coefficients of filling the engine cylinders and the excess air through the approximation by polynomials of the first and second degree. It is established that when the engine is running without load, the hourly fuel consumption increases in proportion to the rotational speed of the crankshaft and the engine displacement. Examples of calculating the standard fuel consumption at idle mode with the engine off without a load are given for a Skoda Octavia 1.6 MPI with a gasoline engine and a Skoda Octavia 2.0 TDI with a diesel engine. Graphic dependencies of the hourly fuel consumption change on the crankshaft rotation speed for the petrol and diesel Skoda Octavia were obtained. The calculation was carried out and graphical dependencies of fuel consumption were obtained when special equipment was operated using the example of the KrAZ-6322 car. It is proposed to use deterministic methods for determining fuel consumption in road transport.
Simulation with using of functional resonance analysis method the traffic safety control of vehicles, which carrying out the transportation process
Authors: Sakno Olha , Sharai Svitlana , Kolesnikova Tatiana , Poliakov Viktor , Hirman Danylo
Published: December 2020

In the article, using the method of functional resonance analysis, the process of traffic safety control of vehicles that carry out cargo delivery and transportation of passengers, when their technical condition changes during operation, is simulated. Constant growth in transportation of cargo and passenger by rolling stock of automobile transport requires the involvement in their implementation of a large number of vehicles and increase the efficiency of their operation. In the last time, the geography of the movement of material flows has been expanding, which is manifested, in particular, in an increase of cargo and passenger traffic in international and intercity transportation by road. These trends entail the need to ensure the serviceable technical condition of modern vehicles designs. On the basis of statistical data, the reasons of the change of the technical condition of the chassis of the vehicles and their influence on its operational properties were analyzed. Resilience Decision Support (Resilience DS) software is used to solve this problem. Such a tool made it possible to simulate the sociotechnical system “Person-Car-Organization of maintenance and repair system” and to form the formal models for constant evaluation of the effective functioning of the system of maintenance of vehicles and conditions of increasing their operation. To develop a maintenance model using a functional resonance analysis method, data was collected at a proprietary vehicle maintenance station. The model consists of a set of functions that determine the actions executed during maintenance of vehicles.
Impact of shear forces on variable cross section shaft stiffness
Authors: Tenev Stefan
Published: December 2020

Influence of shear forces is presented in this paper for static analysis of a shaft with variable cross-section. A stiffness matrix method is used to evaluate displacement and reaction forces on the shaft in regard to the slope deflection equations. The Timoshenko beam theory is addressed according to the shear coefficient and the shear correction factor. Bending moments are calculated.
Sound level study of a hybrid car
Authors: Staneva G , Dimitrova K , Ivanov R , Kadikyanov G
Published: December 2020

One of the main reasons for the urban noise are the cars. When the hybrid cars are moved in low-speed mode, reduced noise is supposed. In the presented paper have been made comparative analysis according to standard methods of the external and internal sound levels of a hybrid car. The experiment at different speeds in two modes – using ICE and using electric traction were carried out. The results of the measurements are visualized in graphs and tables. They show variation of external and internal sound levels at different speeds in separate octave bands. Spectral analysis at each speed is done. The results show changing of sound level vs speed and noise predominant maximums at respective frequencies.
Investigation of the electromagnetic field in electric and hybrid cars
Authors: Hristov R , Stefanov S , Kostov P
Published: December 2020

Electric and magnetic fields are present everywhere electricity flows. In electric vehicles, passengers sit very close to electrical system with significant power, usually for significant period of time. The relatively high currents achieved in these systems and the short distance between power devices and passengers mean that the latter are exposed to the relevant magnetic fields. In view of this, it is important to study the values of electromagnetic field parameters on board electric vehicles to ensure compatibility with international standards. The measurements were performed inside the four conventional vehicles under the standard condition. Data of international and Bulgarian standards for safe levels of electromagnetic fields are given. After the measurements, it was established that these levels were not exceeded.
Computer-Aided Detection (CAD) for COVID-19 based on Chest X-Ray Images using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Pratiwi NK Caecar , Ibrahim Nur , Fu’adah Yunendah Nur , Masykuroh Kholidiyah
Published: December 2020

Covid-19 has spread throughout the world and has been declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). The disease was discovered by the end of 2019 in Wuhan- China. The number of deaths continues to surge sharply and spread to many countries. Covid-19 has sent billions of people on earth into lock-down when health services struggle to cope. A swift and reliable Covid-19 diagnosis system is needed, to direct the patient to the appropriate treatment and prevent the disease dissemination. During this time, we are familiar with rapid tests and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) as the procedure of Covid-19 detection. Both of these procedures tend to be impractical and require specialized laboratories that are arranged in such away. It can also take several hours to wait for the amplification process until the results are known. In this study, we introduce a Covid-19 detection system based on Chest C-Ray images using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The dataset consists of 1000 images, 500 images each for positive Covid-19, and Pneumonia. The CNN model that was designed consisted of three hidden layers, a fully connected layer with sigmoid activation. The evaluation was conducted to determine the performance of the proposed model using matrices of precision, recall, F1, and accuracy. The experimental results show that the proposed method provides precision, recall, F1 was 1 and 100% accuracy, respectively. This research is expected to be tested in field validation, to help the medical authorities for clinical diagnosis.
Cholesterol Level Detection Through Eye Image Using Fractal and Decision Tree
Authors: Sari Dian , Raharjo Jangkung , Novamizanti Ledya
Published: December 2020

Cholesterol is a natural substance with physical properties of fat but has a steroid group. High cholesterol levels will cause hypertension, coronary heart disease. Cholesterol levels can now be detected through eye images. This research produces a cholesterol level detection system with input in the form of iris images. First, the image is resized, converted to grayscale, and cropped by the system. Then feature extraction is done by the fractal method, which has characteristics that can explain dimensions in non-integers. The last stage is a classification using the decision tree method because it can simplify a complex decision-making process to be more specific. Eye images are classified into three, namely cholesterol, cholesterol risk, and no cholesterol. In total, there are 105 images, consisting of 63 training data images and 42 test data images. The result is 95.23% accuracy, 90.47% precision, 100% recall, and 40 ms computing time.
Identification of Foot Posture using Foot Posture Index-6 (FPI-6) based on Image Processing
Authors: Hanifan Hasya Azqia , Novamizanti Ledya , Mukhtar Husnaeni
Published: December 2020

Legs and ankles have an important role in daily life for activities. Unconsciously often the leg posture becomes abnormal due to the bad habits, so the risk of injury. Assessment of the type of leg posture can be done by various methods, both uni-planar and multi-planar. This study developed the FPI-6 method as a multi-planar tool based on image processing. The data used are 30 reference data and 20 test data from the age of 19-23 years. The results of this study are image processing systems that can identify the type of leg posture automatically quickly and accurately.
Simple Correlation Between Weather and COVID-19 Pandemic Using Data Mining Algorithms
Authors: Fadli Ari , Widhi Nugraha Azis Wisnu , Aliim Muhammad Syaiful , Taryana Acep , Kurniawan Yogiek Indra , Purnomo Widhiatmoko Herry
Published: December 2020

Currently, Indonesia is still struggling against the Coronavirus, the number of cases of the Coronavirus is increasing every day. The virus that began to attack around December 2019 has become a pandemic and is causing serious problems because there is still no vaccine to prevent transmission. The Government of the Republic of Indonesia as the party responsible for this pandemic has made various efforts including the lockdown method in the form of a Large-Scale Social Restriction (PSBB) policy. Besides that, another effort is to present a digital information portal that can be accessed and able to present the development status of coronavirus patients. With the development of information and communication technology, this research is a find correlation between weather and Covid-19 Using Data Mining Algorithm in processing data sources from the government to produce knowledge that can be used to make decisions. The research data used came from Covid-19 surveillance data of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia and the climatic conditions in Surabaya Indonesia in the form of the average temperature (°C), the average humidity (%), the average duration of sunlight (hour) taken from the Department of Meteorology of the Republic of Indonesia. Based on the results of the study it was found that the weather affected the number of Covid-19 patients. The highest order of correlation is the average duration of sunlight (hour), the average temperature (°C), the average humidity (%).
CUK Converter for Power Factor Correction Using Moth Flame Optimization-PI Controller
Authors: Pratiwi Adinda Aisyah , Efendi Moh. Zaenal , Murdianto Farid Dwi
Published: December 2020

Electronic equipment in household loads in the form of non-linear loads that require a circuit that requires a power supply in the form of a direct voltage (DC) that requires an AC to DC rectifier in the form of a full-wave rectifier. However, the installation of capacitor values in the circuit can cause the waveforms of the input current to become uneven or distorted so that the emergence of harmonics which results in a low power factor with the improvement of the power factor. It affects the output voltage to the load so we need control for the voltage regulator. The solutions to overcome the problem of input current defects can be overcome using a power converter used as a PFC. In this paper, CUK Converter used as PFC is expected to get close to 1 (one) results in increasing power factor and the need for a voltage regulator to regulate the voltage requirements for loads that are utilized by the Moth Flame Optimization algorithm method - PI method. This CUK Converter functions in DCM (Discontinuous Conduction Mode) which makes the system resistive. In conclusion from the results of simulations that have been done, the results obtained from the use of CUK Converter as PFC can improve the power factor from pf value 0.731 to 0.994 and with MFO-PI control it can maintain a constant output voltage of 12 volts with a current of 5 amperes.
Investigation of Wind Power Potential in Al-Aqiq, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Ghamdi Saeed Ahmed
Published: December 2020

Saudi Arabia authorities recognize the importance of renewable energy, especially wind, and they intend to invest in this promising power sector. This paper presents a wind data analysis in terms of annual, seasonal, and diurnal variations at Al-Aqiq, which is located in the highlands of the southwestern region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In the analysis, the diurnal variation of wind speed at 3 m above the roof surface shows that wind speed remains above 2.5 m/s during the period 10:00 AM to 10:00 PM. The overall wind speed is found to be 2.68 m/s, 4.2 m/s, and 5.48 m/s at heights of 3 m, 10 m, and 50 m, respectively, with the main wind direction ranging approximately from south-southeast to south-southwest. The highest average monthly wind speed is recorded in March, with values of 3.09 m/s, 5.11 m/s, and 6.43 m/s at heights of 3 m, 10 m, and 50 m, respectively, and with southwest being the main wind direction. The wind data analysis is then used to estimate wind energy production. Wind energy generation is considered for 21 wind machines of different sizes. At a height of 10 m above ground level, the highest energy estimate is generated using an Enercon E141/4200 wind machine, with a rate of 4898.96 MWh/Year. The lowest energy estimate is generated using a Soyut Wind 100 wind machine, with a rate of 165.54 MWh/Year. The highest capacity factor (26.0%) is recorded for an Aeronautica Windpower 33-225 wind machine and the lowest capacity factor (5.9%) is recorded for an Enercon E126/7580. The analysis shows that the power factor is low for wind turbines located at 3 m above roof surface level, but higher heights at Albaha University, Al-Aqiq, may be suitable for wind farm development.
Standalone Photovoltaic System Cost Optimization for Matantimali Village Central Sulawesi
Authors: Aprillia Bandiyah Sri , Made Hendry Keswara I , Raharjo Jangkung , Ramdhani Mohamad , Adam Kharisma Bani , Suhartono Efri
Published: December 2020

Electricity is very limited in Matantimali village where it is located on the slopes of Gawalise, Marawola District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. In this village, the state electricity company (PLN) can only provide electricity during the day from 06:00 to 18:00. During night, the diesel generator becomes the main energy source for the village providing electrical energy from 18:00 until 06:00. However, the use of diesel generators contradicts with the government commitment to generate environmental eco-friendly power generation. This study aims to analyse and to optimize the price of off-grid solar systems which will be implemented in the village of Matantimali as a potential replacement of the existing diesel based electric energy. We find in this study that 11 PV units with a total power of 3,686 Wp, two 2400 W powered inverter, and a 16-unit battery cover are the required specification for optimal power of 1300 VA load. The Off-grid solar panel installation system creates annual cost savings of IDR 3,543,397 compared to the use of conventional electricity using diesel generators and PLN.
Sensitivity of Optical Fiber Sensors to Deflection of Reinforced Concrete Beam
Authors: Asriani Farida , Winasis  , Pamudji Gandjar
Published: December 2020

The capacity of concrete beams will decrease by many external factors. To find simple and reliable method to monitor the quality of concrete beams is a challenging task. An optical-based fiber sensors is very interesting to develop for such task because of its many advantages. In this study, the optical fiber sensors were embedded in reinforced concrete beams to detect and to monitor deflection of the beam where a straight-line configuration of optical fiber was used. We perform experimental work to test performance of the use of optical fiber sensor by collecting data from flexural testing the concrete beam with the Universal Testing Machine (UTM). While the concrete deflection was measured by (linear variable differtial transducer (LVDT) as elongation unit, the fiber optic sensor output was observed in volts unit. We test the sensitivity of the optical fiber sensor by analyzing the relationship graph between the changes in the deflection of the concrete beam and output voltage of optical fiber sensors. The results show that optical fiber sensors have good sensitivity to detect and monitor concrete beam deflection.
Capacity-based seismic design of a middle-rise residential building in an area of moderately-high seismicity
Authors: Hidayat Banu Ardi , Haryanto Yanuar , Nuroji  , Sukamta  , Praja Wisnu Kurnia , Hu Hsuan-Teh
Published: December 2020

As Indonesia is located across three active tectonic plates, it is prone to a high potential earthquake threat. Strict regulations have been introduced to prevent damage to buildings caused by seismic activity. This study aims to examine the behavior of a middle-rise residential building in a moderately-high seismicity area (i.e. Semarang City) and the design of the Reinforced Concrete (RC) members under seismic load. The design was based on the capacity method and the strong column-weak beam concept was applied to the plastic hinge effect that occurred in the beam. Therefore, the analytical computation was performed, taking the structural seismic response into account. Also, the code-based design calculation of RC members was achieved. The measured structural response showed that the building fulfilled the requirements stated in the Indonesia Code of Earthquake-based Design. The first two modes of the building translated in the Y and X directions, which is the preferred response under the earthquake. The story-drifts that occurred were within the acceptable limits and the structural stiffness in the X and Y directions were found to be similar. Finally, the exact design of RC members was found to satisfy the code.
Reservoir Characteristic of Triassic Sandstone, Eastern Seram, Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: Gibran Akhmad Khahlil , Kusworo Aries , Wahyudiono Joko , Sunan Huzaely Latief , Aeni Deventi Nur , Alghazali Afif
Published: December 2020

The Triassic aged sandstone from Kanikeh Formation, are spread across Seram, Kesui and Teor Island. The Kanikeh formation has been known as excellent source rock, however, reservoir characteristics of this formation are unknown. This paper aimed at the diagenetic influence on reservoir characteristics was investigated for the Carnian-Norian sandstone sequence in the Eastern Seram. This study comprises two methods which are petrographic analysis and Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (SEM-EDS). The petrographic analysis shows the sandstones of the Carnian sequence in the Eastern Seram are lithic wacke, litharenite, arkose. SEM-EDS observations showed that the minerals belong to the silica group derived from the silica minerals, feldspar, clay, and mica minerals. The silica mineral is a quartz grain. The observed feldspar mineral is K-Feldspar in the form of granules. The most dominant clay minerals are smectite, illite, chlorite, kaolinite, halloysite. The observed mica group is muscovite. Diagenetic identified in these sandstones include compaction, cementation by calcite, quartz, clay minerals, iron oxides, dissolution, and alteration of unstable clastic grains, tectonically induced grain fracturing. Unstable clastic grains like feldspars suffered considerable alteration to clay minerals. Based on characteristics of the Diagenetic, the Carnian-Norian sandstones in the study area have a negligible reservoir characteristic.
A Combination of Landsat-8 Satellite Imaging with Geothermal Manifestation Point at Wayratai Geothermal Prospect Area to identify “the zone of interest” on Geo-track and Geo-tourism planning
Authors: Taufiq  , Maharani
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we will identify the zone of interest on Wayratai geothermal prospect area based on the Satellite Imagery Map and Geothermal Manifestation Point to make a geo-track and geo-tourism planning in the future. Based on Satellite Imagery Map, we composite several bands, such as band (6,4,2) to describe an alteration rock and composite band (4,3,2) to describe a vegetation variation. After that, we process several bands to get the land surface temperature in this area, then we correlated the satellite data with surface measurement (with X-Ray Thermogun) on several geothermal manifestations. Based on both correlation, it shows a positive correlation, such as hot spring on the East Area with temperature 70-80°C is correlated by a high value of LST (indicated by dark-red zone), fumarole with temperature 74-78°C, and steaming ground on the West Area with temperature 26-59°C. Based on this data, then we make a geo-tourism planning on this area with make geo-track to connect all of “zone of interest” on satellite imagery with regional geology spot with a circular route, so in the future, Wayratai geothermal prospect area can be one of a geo-tourism spot on Lampung Province.
Mental workload analysis on fruit truck suppliers using NASA-TLX method in giwangan market area
Authors: Utomo Bagus Wahyu , Prabaswari Atyanti Dyah , Nurdin Riani , Sinaga Calvin Hasiolan
Published: December 2020

Several times the truck driver received complaints from consumers (merchants) related to the inaccuracy in delivering the goods, and the quality of the goods declined. The driver stated that most of this happened because of the unfavorable market conditions so that it was not possible for drivers who arrived at the Giwangan market to carry out the loading and unloading process directly. That is because drivers are forced to wait up to 1-5 hours in the Giwangan market area to unload goods. These things are thought to add to the mental workload of truck drivers. The method used to measure mental workload using a questionnaire on the NASA-TLX method. The number of respondents sampled in this study were 20 (twenty) people, and all male. The respondents’ age is divided into two categories, namely early adulthood (18-40) and middle adulthood (40-60). The NASA-TLX calculation results stated that the workload of fruit truck drivers on the market during normal day conditions is classified as “High” with a score obtained of 70.26. The correlation test has resulted in the more age of the fruit truck driver, the lower the workload’s value.
Demand Model Development Considering Supply Chain Disruption
Authors: Adhiana Tigar Putri , Sofiana Amanda
Published: December 2020

The concept of distributes and selling products through retailers (offline channels) and also online channels is called a dual-channel supply chain (DCSC). In DCSC, one manufacturer manages the online channel and distributes the product to one independent retailer. Disruptions are all activities that disrupt the supply chain activities so that the supply chain cannot operate normally. Another major aspect to be considered in DCSC is the customer shift in preferences because with adding an online channel, the online channel has several advantages. This paper’s objective is to investigate the effect of supply chain disruption on demand in the online and offline channels. The customer knows beforehand that there is a disruption in the supply chain before even try to purchase the product in DCSC, therefore it will affect the customer preferences that will also affect the channel demand. From a numerical example, it is shown that the retail channel is suffering more than the online channel. The greater the probability of disruption and the proportion of disruption, the demand on the offline channel will decrease.
A study of delamination characteristics (drilling) on carbon fiber reinforced IPN composites during drilling using design experiments
Authors: Suresh G , Srinivasan T , John Rajan A , Aruna R , Ravi Rajesh , Vignesh R , Sai Krishnan G
Published: December 2020

The aim of this entire research approach is to produce the damage free drilling operation on the IPN composites by selecting the suitable cutting parameters. The standard combinations of polyurethane and vinyl ester resins were used as the matrix material to fabricate the IPN composite laminate with carbon reinforcement. To expedite this, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and taguchi combination method was used. Based on the technique proposed in taguchi, the plan of experiments had been carried out, by opting the variant process parameters of the drilling; similarly, ANOVA was used to determine the drilling characteristics of the IPN laminate (carbon fiber) of various drill bits like Helical flute, Four-flute, Helical flute – K12 drill bits. The main objective upon doing this experiment was that, to establish the finest correlation between the feed rate and cutting velocity as the output of delamination in IPN laminate, by precisely choosing the multi linear regression analysis. At last, the evaluation tests were carried out to compare the obtained result with correlated analysis, as well it had shown significant agreement with each other.
Performance characteristics of GMAW process parameters of multi-bead overlap weld claddings
Authors: Madesh R , Makeshkumar M , Surender S R , Shankar K P , Sasi Kumar M
Published: December 2020

The effect of Gas Metal Arc Welding process parameters on the bead geometry of stainless steel (SS) claddings can be studied using statistical Taguchi L9 design of experimental model. In this study deposits were made with continuously varying weld bead overlaps of 0 – 100%. Cladding is proposed to impart corrosion inhibition properties to the low carbon structural steel plate. Selection of welding process parameters affects the arc stability, heat input deposition rate and quality of the surfaced layer represented by the percentage dilution. Minimization of heat input leads the reduced deposition rate and increased occurrences of weld bead defects like porosity, lack of fusion and cracking. In this context, it is important to identify the extent of influence exerted by the controlled welding parameters on the bead geometry. The reinforcement dimensions play an important role in the cladding process. Stainless steel claddings are deposited by automated Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) process by using Taguchi L9 design of experiment. The selected input variables are Welding voltage (WV), Wire feed rate (WFR), Welding speed (WS) and NTPD. The responses identified governing the bead geometry like bead width (w) and height of the reinforcement (h) in different bead overlaps like 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%. The paper also explores the variation in the bead geometry at different levels of overlap percentages including hardness evaluation.
Evaluation of mode III Delamination behaviour of modified Carbon/Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites with Nanoclay particles
Authors: Elamvazhudi B , Gopalakannan S
Published: December 2020

Incorporating nanofillers in epoxy resin is a novel approach to improve the mechanical properties of polymer composites. Recent studies discloses that the inclusion of nanofillers such as SiC, CNT, alumina and nanoclay into epoxies at micro and nanoscale levels enhances the mechanical properties of epoxies. In this research, the improved mechanical properties of nanoclay modified carbon/glass fibre-reinforced polymer nanocomposite (FRPNC) were investigated. The neat DGEBA epoxy resin was modified with nanoclay at different wt % (0.5- 2wt %) by ultrasonication process for achieving better dispersion of nanofillers. The modified polymer laminates were fabricated with unidirectional carbon/glass fibres with the stacking sequences of (0°G/0°G/0°C)S using hand lay-up process. The mechanical properties such as mode III delamination toughness, tensile strength and flexural strength were investigated using servo controlled hydraulic universal testing machine and 3-point bending test setup respectively. The highly cross linked structure between epoxy and nanoclay particles improves the mode III fracture toughness, tensile and flexural properties. The damage mechanisms of fractured specimens are characterised by SEM images.
Experimental Analysis of Acoustic Performance of Porous Ducts using a Small- scale Shock tube
Authors: Srinadhi K , Kannan B T
Published: December 2020

A Shock tube is a device often used to recreate the shock phenomena by several methods. The present work is a preliminary study to analyse the efficiency of baffles in suppressing the noise generated from the shock associated jet ejected from the duct exit. The experiment was performed at a shock Mach number of 1.27 using a diaphragm based, small scale, open ended shock tube. Parametric study conducted by varying the baffle dimensions such as outer diameter, hole diameter and porosity reveals that the baffles with hole diameter less than half of the baffle diameter and with a greater porosity is a cost effective and efficient noise suppressor for shock associated jets.
Finite element simulation of vertical temperature gradients in a standard W40×235 steel beam
Authors: Abid Sallal R , Al-Gasham Thaar S
Published: December 2020

A finite element analysis was conducted in this research to understand the distribution of temperatures along with the depth of the standard steel W40×235 beam. The considered thermal loads were those of open environments, including the radiation of the sun and the temperature of the air in addition to wind movement. The thermal analysis considered the total solar radiation, ground reflected radiation, longwave radiation, mutual surface radiation and heat convection as the thermal boundary loads. The analysis was carried out for the experimentally recorded conditions of a sunny summer day. The results showed that the vertical temperature gradient approaches zero with stabilized beam temperature after midnight and up to the sunrise. On the other hand, the vertical temperature gradients at the top and bottom surfaces continuously increase with time reaching their maximum values at approximately 2:00 PM. The maximum temperature gradients at the top and bottom surfaces of the beam were 10.2 and 9.1 °C for the conditions of the investigated day.
Teaser Glove for Women Safety
Authors: Babu T. , Ravinthiran A. , Yogeswaran M.S. , Subash S. , Venkatesh R. , Saibharath G.
Published: December 2020

The main aim of this work is for safety purpose of women using electric shock technology. Smart glove is an electroshock weapon. To override muscle triggering mechanism, low current, high voltage electric discharge is used to give electric shock. The concept used in the electric mosquito bat is used as a major source and fixed in the glove through knuckle fixed in the glove. To achieve an alternating high voltage current, step-up transformer is used. Oscillator and resonant circuit also used in this circuit. It may be powered by one or more batteries. Various factors for output current contact with the target depends on internal circuitry, type of skin, targets resistance, moisture, type of cloth used, electric shock weapon and battery conditions.
Aminoacid Schiff base Fabricated Glassy carbon Electrode for Efficient Sensing of Zinc, Copper, Mercury ions in Water
Authors: Kavitha A , Easwaramoorthy D
Published: December 2020

The Schiff base like 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)-3-hydroxypropanoate from 2-Amino-3-hydroxypropionicacid and5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde. The prepared aminoacid schiff base characterized by Infrared spectroscopy and Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The aminoacid schiffbase fabricated modified glassy carbon electrode have been evaluated by electrochemical techniques like, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). The optimized working conditions of aminoacid schiffbase glassy carbon electrode have been evaluated by the consequences of concentration, PH values, different supporting electrolytes and electrode potential. The heavy metal ions have been detected using electrochemical studies.
Experimental Investigation and Solidification Study of Aluminium alloy Composites
Authors: Gurusamy P , Ravi S , Mohanavel V
Published: December 2020

The study on the solidification of aluminium alloys has been reported by the squeeze casting method. In solidification analysis, the formation of casting plays a vital role. To provide quality casting, the preparation of composite is essential. Hence the liquid state processing of the squeeze casting technique is adopted. The application of pressure during the fabrication of composite would change the structure and properties of the developed composite. The squeezing pressure is assigned 30,60,90 and 110MPa, and the melting of the aluminium the selected temperature is 850°C, and the die temperature is 350°C respectively. At 30MPa, the solidification time is recorded at 69 seconds, and the pressure is increased to 110 MPa the solidification is recorded at 33 seconds. The cooling rate is reduced due to increasing squeeze pressure. K type thermocouple has been used to record the temperature values of the aluminium alloy. The theoretical solidification time is calculated, and the results are close to the values which have been taken from the experimental results. Further, the hardness value is identified to measure the grain structure formation in the aluminium alloy, which is correlated with the solidification process.
Experimental investigation and Optimization of FSW on Eglin Steel
Authors: Paulmar Pushparaj J , Jeremiah R , Prabhakaran D , Shankaranarayanan S , David D , Billy D , Giridharan K
Published: December 2020

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is belongs to the solid state welding process. The welding joints were completed by compressive force which can be achieved through the rotational speed of pin. In this process, the welded material was operated below the recrystallization temperature. The heat was formed due to frictional force between the pin and work piece. This experimental investigations have been provided to address the FSW of eglin steel. The Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) was the output of the experiment which it was depends on the input factor such as welding speed, feed and pin rotational speed. Taguchi optimization was performed to found the optimal factor. The variance analysis was used to found the contribution factor.
Studies on Development and Characterization of Biomaterials for Drug Delivery
Authors: Agrawal Manoj Kumar , Sharma Vikash Kumar
Published: December 2020

Although there are many methods used 10 synthesis nanofibers such as drawing, template Synthesis, phase separation, self assembly, and electro spinning. In these techniques, electrospinning is a manifold method to move polymers into continuous fibers with diameters within range of a few micrometers to a few nanometers. Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) is a popular hydrogel polymers. Because of its good water permeability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity and speciallyelectro spinnability it is easily sustained release of the transdermal drug delivery. The nanoparticle was prepared to reduce hypertension using Residronate sodium drug incorporated to PVA. The Electrospinning method was used PVA solution mixed with Residronate sodium to form the drug loaded electro spun PVA nanofibers. These nano fibers was characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-Visible spectroscopy analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction method (XRD), and Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). In vitro drug release at different time interval and different pH was analysed using acetate buffer method.
Effect of Temperature and Current Density in Electrodeposited Co-W Magnetic Thin Film
Authors: Islam Anas , Sharma Aman , Chaturvedi Rishabh , Sharma Kamal
Published: December 2020

Co-W thin films have been produced as organic compounds using “electro deposition” with tri-sodium citrate. Typically, Co-W alloys have a strong toughness. Its hardness has been observed in various current temperatures and pressures. Co-W film having a strong magnetic behavior at a relatively low temperature and subtly changed to a soft magnetic nature as the temperature is elevated to a higher point. It was tested using a vibrational Sample Magnetometer. Surface morphology was analyzed using “XRD and SEM” measurements.
Rising the liberated Compressive Strength in Cement for Black Cotton Soil using Shredder Rubber
Authors: Singhal Piyush , Agrawal Manoj
Published: December 2020

The soil stabilization wealth modification of the soil assets by the addition of further material to meet the particular engineering necessities. Techniques for the stabilization would compaction and utilization of admixtures. Utilization of ragged rubber tires in geotechnical engineering for upgrading the soil properties has gained excessive consideration in the present times. The goal of the study might have been to utilize the dissipate material for stabilization of soil to decrease the natural effect. A few reinforcement methods are nearby for stabilizing soils. In the current examination, the ragged rubber from dissipate tires is picked as the strengthening substance and cement of 2% and 4%as binding agent. The binding agent that might have been haphazardly incorporated into the soil at 3 diverse ratios of shredded rubber satisfied, i.e., 5%, 10%, and 15% by influence of soil the examination is concentrated on the performance of soil reinforced by haphazardly incorporated ragged rubber. The examples are subjected to California attitude ratio (soaked and unsoaked) and released density tests. The tests have unmistakably indicated a critical development in the shear power and behavior ability limitation of the soil.
Effect of Activating Flux (Metal Oxide) on the Weld Bead Nomenclature of Tungsten Inert Gas Welding Process – A Review
Authors: Chandrasekar G , Kannan R , Prabakaran M P , Ganesamoorthy R
Published: December 2020

Welding is inevitable process in the industry. So, many developments are being carried out in existing welding methods and new welding techniques have been developed. Likewise, Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding process is broadly used in manufacturing firms owing to its capability to produce high quality welds at an affordable cost. The Study of recent advancement in TIG welding is necessary to the welding community. Hence, this review paper dealt the recent evolution in the TIG welding which is Activated flux TIG (ATIG).
Mechanical investigations on Neem/Banyan fibers reinforced with ceramic powder particulates hybrid polymer composite helmet
Authors: Raja Thandavamoorthy , Anand Palanivel
Published: December 2020

The major investigation of this work is to replace the synthetic fiber polymer composite helmet to natural fiber reinforced polymer helmet. This study examines the mechanical properties such as impact strength, impact modulus, flexural strength, hardness and water absorption capacity. It is performed to develop the natural fiber hybrid composite helmet. The fiber reinforcements are short neem fiber and alkali treated banyan woven fabric is used. The weight percentage of laminates contain as matrix 85% (510g) and reinforcement 15% (90g), the matrix consists of epoxy resin (450g), hardner (45g) and the granite powder is used as a filler material (15g), which is fixed for all samples and varied in the fiber weight ratio of Neem/Banyan (grams), natural fibers are 15/75, 30/60, 45/45, 60/30, 75/15. The result shows the weight fraction of neem fiber 12.5% (75g) and banyan 2.5% (15g) gives high impact strength and it can be applied for fabricating the motorcycle driving helmet.
Experimental investigation of hardness and effect of wear on sintered composites containing AA6061 matrix and TiB2/Al2O3reinforcements
Authors: Raja N D , Prakash D S
Published: December 2020

Materials prepared using powder metallurgy route exhibit dimensional stability which is required to manufacture critical parts such as brake pads, inlet valves and nozzles. In this paper, composite materials consisting of 5 and 10 wt. % of Titanium-diboride reinforcement in AA6061 aluminium alloy was produced by the sintering process via green compaction. 2 wt. % of alumina was added as the secondary reinforcement to produce the hybrid composites. The produced composites and its hybrid were compared with the base material AA6061 to determine the changes in its density, wear and hardness. The green density and sintered density of the composites and its hybrids reduced by as much as 8.47 % compared to the respective theoretical density. Microscopic examinations showed that the addition of alumina with the Titanium-diboride reinforcement increased the wear resistance of the hybrid composites by 1.22 % compared to the base material. The hardness of the sintered composite increased with the addition of the two reinforcement materials. The hardness for the hybrid composite increased by 74.94 % compared to the base material. After wear test, the hardness of the base material reduced by 6.83 % but the hardness of hybrid composite having the highest composition of both reinforcement particles increased by 6.36 %. The study revealed that the sintering process and subsequent hardening of the composites and its hybrid enhance its hardness property compared to the base material. Interestingly, the wear which leads to the changes in its tribological properties increased the hardness property of the composite and its hybrid.
Electrochemical studies and corrosion resistance of activated Tungsten inert gas AISI SS316L weldments
Authors: Manivannan S , Vairamuthu J , Velmurugan P , Janaki Manohar N , Ramesh Kannan C , Stalin B
Published: December 2020

Welding is the most convenient fabrication process with tremendous development in past few decades. The noteworthy technique is Activated flux TIG welding method (also known as A-TIG welding) that was well-equipped a little while back, which enhances productivity and quality of weld joints by better depth of penetration. In this research work, the electrochemical studies are performed to investigate the corrosion resistance of excellent depth of penetration A-TIG welded 316L stainless steel (SS316L) sample at room temperature. At dilute aqueous ambience, Potentiodynamic studies reveal that the SS316L welding joints have an apathetic attitude with certain range. Electrochemical Impedance calculations illustrate the breakdown occurs due to corrosion in alkaline circumstances.
The influence of rare earth cerium addition on mechanical and corrosion properties cast Mg-6Al-1Zn magnesium alloy
Authors: Manivannan S , Vairamuthu J , Tilahun Samuel , Vijayakumar M D , Ramesh Kannan C , Stalin B
Published: December 2020

The present study investigates the effect of Ce addition on the microstructure of Mg-6Al-1Zn alloy with the use of optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical corrosion behaviour of Mg-6Al-1Zn alloyed with different levels of cerium was investigated using static weight loss and polarization corrosion tests in 3.5% NaCl solution. The microstructural study reveals the grain refinement of the matrix and the stability of the phase β(Mg17Al12) were disintegrated into Al4Ce and distributed along the grain boundary. The literatures show that the intermetallic Al4Ce has a high melting point and expected to show better strength behaviour at relatively high temperatures. The electrochemical results show that cerium addition above 1.5wt.% increase the corrosion current density of the developed alloy which resulted in increasing corrosion rate. The best results of refined microstructure and corrosion resistance were obtained with 1.5wt.% cerium addition.
Specifics of Specifics of Obtaining Powdered Die Steel Alloys for Cold Forming and Higher Mouldability
Authors: Orujov Fazil S , Ismailov Nizami S , Mamedov Elkhan D , Khankishiev Isag A , Abbasov Elnur O
Published: December 2020

Issues of obtaining chrome die steels for cold deformation from sprayed powders have been considered. The blanks are obtained in a gasostatic capsule covered with powder at a pressing temperature of 1100-1150C at a pressure of 1400 MPa with isothermic exposure of 1-2 hours. It has been discovered that powdered vanadium-doped (˜ 8%) and chromium-doped (˜ 4%) die steels do better in high loads. Mouldability of powdered die steel types KH12M and KH12MPH1. It has been found that mouldability of powders greatly depends on their relative poured bulk density (PBD). To increase mouldability, it is advisable to deformation-process and finally annealoriginal powder.
Formulation of lagrangian equation and dynamic analysis of 2 - DoF Industrial robot using Roboanalyzer
Authors: Megavarthini K K , Arun Kumar K , Nagarajan P , Mohammed Ismail A , Karrthik R S , Raghul Kumar S
Published: December 2020

Industrial robot is extensively used in all major manufacturing and assembly line throughout the world. In order to properly actuate the robot links, it is necessary to calculate the torque required at link joints. In this paper we consider a two degrees of freedom robot manipulator having two rotary joints J1 and J2. This is a classic example of inverse dynamics problem, inverse dynamics in robotics used to calculate torque or force required at joints from known values of link mass, velocity, and acceleration and we choose lagrangian formulation to solve equation of motion. In addition, Robo analyzer software we plot the torque values for predefined value of centre of gravity and link mass.
Smart Real-Time PV Surveillance Network with IOT
Authors: Maniraj P , Lathika A , Ravina C M , Pradeebha E , Suresh M , Sundar S
Published: December 2020

The photovoltaic panel’s network must stay in its extreme state to handle continuous energy efficiently. In the event of weather change, reliable energy yield changes. So, constant maintenance and monitoring will be needed. In this paper, we have projected an innovative real-time monitoring system to monitor the environmental conditions that are affecting the performance of panel such as fault, dust coverage or shading surfaces. Through this monitoring device, the deterioration of photovoltaic panel can also be defined and it also gives the information about the causes of current fault. An android app cayenne is interfaced with the system that will show the information about the temperature, rain and dust condition.
Efficiency assessment and improvement measures for thermal power plant in India
Authors: Santhosh N , Srinivasan M , Chandrasekaran M , Sarangapani E
Published: December 2020

Usage of conventional energy resources has high limitations and constrains now a days. The thermal efficiency of the equipments in the modern thermal based power plant is mandatory for effective power generation with low production cost and pollution. The systems and equipments in the thermal power plant should be operated with optimum efficiency. An assessment of these system performance and comparing it with the design value is necessary for its improvement. This paper presents the findings of the observations and trials carried out on thermal power plant energy equipments. The main objective of this work is to assess the performance of various thermal power plant systems in respect of efficiency and determining the main factors which contribute to the efficacy of the power plant by indirect method. Further, suitable measures are recommended to enhance the energy performance with cost benefits. While making the measurements, care is taken to maintain the accuracy and wherever any discrepancy is found, the readings were again taken to ensure the best possible results.