bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Progress in Pyrene‐4,5,9,10‐Tetraone‐Based Organic Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Peng Xiangling , Guo Jingying , Huang Dong , Ouyang Bo , Du Ya , Yang Haishen
Published: November 2024

Pyrene‐4,5,9,10‐tetraone (PTO), a coal tar derivative with redox‐active ortho‐carbonyl groups, has been intensively explored for sustainable organic electrodes due to its remarkably high capacity, superior redox robustness, and versatile cation storage. However, PTO often suffers from poor cycling stability due to its slight solubility in organic electrolytes, thereby causing detrimental shuttle effects and self‐discharge behavior, ultimately reducing battery efficiency and lifespan. Its low electrical conductivity also results in poor rate performance. Recently, various strategies have been developed to address these challenges, aiming to enhance battery efficiency, lifespan, and rate performance. In this review, the latest progress in enhancing the performance of PTO‐based electrodes and their applications in various battery types is presented. First, a brief discussion is provided on the relationship between the structural characteristics of PTO and its electrochemical performance. Then, approaches to inhibiting the shuttle effect of molecular PTO are outlined and compared. Furthermore, the design and synthesis of PTO‐based polymer electrode materials are discussed. Finally, some perspectives and challenges are put forward regarding the performance improvement of PTO‐based electrode materials, inspiring further development of not only PTO but also other organic electrode materials in electrochemical energy storage applications.
Robust Generalized Super‐Twisting Sliding Mode Control Design for Optimal Performance in Three‐Phase Grid‐Connected Photovoltaic Systems
Authors: Sami Irfan , Khan Danish , Ahmed Emad M.
Published: November 2024

This article introduces a third‐order super‐twisting sliding mode control (Gen‐STSMC) algorithm designed for the secure operation of a grid‐connected photovoltaic (PV) system. The improved method changes the traditional super‐twisting sliding mode control (STSMC) technique by incorporating both a linear term and a higher power term to reduce convergence time and chattering effects. This strategy generates the optimal control signals to regulate the output power of the PV system by compensating the state‐dependent uncertainties using the linear and growing term. The controller's stability analysis is conducted to demonstrate its rapid convergence compared to PI and conventional STSMC scheme. A comparative simulation study against PI and STSMC is conducted to showcase the controller's rapid convergence and robust performance in various grid‐connected PV system scenarios. Experimental tests are also performed to validate the controller's effectiveness in maintaining stable power generation in the presence of environmental fluctuations and DC link voltage variations.
Barcoding of viable peripheral blood mononuclear cells with selenium and tellurium isotopes for mass cytometry experiments
Authors: Seo Youngran , Fowler Ken , Flick Leah M. , Withers Tracy A. , Savoldo Barbara , McKinnon Karen , Iannone Marie A.
Published: November 2024

Barcoding viable cells combined with pooled sample staining is an effective technique that eliminates batch effects from serial cell staining and facilitates uninterrupted data acquisition. We describe three novel and isotopically pure selenium‐containing compounds (SeMals) that are useful cellular labeling tools. The maleimide‐functionalized selenophenes (76SeMal, 77SeMal, and 78SeMal) covalently react with cellular sulfhydryl groups and uniquely label cell samples. The SeMal reagents label viable and paraformaldehyde‐fixed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), are well resolved by the mass cytometer, and have little spill into adjacent channels. They appear non‐toxic to viable cells at working concentrations. We used SeMal reagents in combination with four isotopically pure tellurium maleimide reagents (124TeMal, 126TeMal, 128TeMal, and 130TeMal) to label 21 individual PBMC samples with unique combinations of selenium and tellurium isotopes (seven donors with three replicates using a 7 isotope pick 2 combinatorial schema). The individually barcoded samples were pooled, stained with an antibody cocktail as a pool, and acquired on the mass cytometer as a single suspension. The single‐cell data were de‐barcoded into separate sample‐specific files after data acquisition, enabling an uninterrupted instrument run. Each donor sample retained its unique phenotypic profile with excellent replicate reproducibility. Unlike current live cell barcoding methods, this approach does not require antibodies to surface markers, allowing for the labeling of all cells regardless of surface antigen expression. Additionally, since selenium and tellurium isotopes are not currently utilized in CyTOF antibody panels, this method expands barcoding options and frees up commonly used isotopes for more detailed cell profiling.
SingletSeeker: an unsupervised clustering approach for automated singlet discrimination in cytometry
Authors: Colasurdo Mark , Ferrer‐Font Laura , Middlebrook Aaron , Konecny Andrew J. , Prlic Martin , Spidlen Josef
Published: November 2024

Flow cytometry is a high‐throughput, high‐dimensional technique that generates large sets of single‐cell data. Prior to analyzing this data, it is common to exclude any events that contain two or more cells, multiplets, to ensure downstream analysis and quantification is of single‐cell events, singlets, only. The process of singlet discrimination is critical yet fundamentally subjective and time‐consuming; it is performed manually by the user, where the proper exclusion of multiplets depends on the user's expertise and often varies from experiment to experiment. To address this problem, we have developed an algorithm to automatically discriminate singlets from other unwanted events such as multiplets and debris. Using parameters derived from imaging, the algorithm first identifies high‐density clusters of events using a density‐based clustering algorithm, and then classifies the clusters based on their properties. Multiplets are discarded in the first step, while singlets are distinguished from debris in the second step. The algorithm can use different strategies on imaging feature selection‐based user's preferences and imaging features available. In addition, the relative importance of singlets precision vs. sensitivity can be further tweaked via a density coefficient adjustment. Twenty‐two datasets from various sites and of various cell types acquired on the BD FACSDiscover™ S8 Cell Sorter with CellView™ Image Technology were used to develop and validate the algorithm across multiple imaging feature sets. A consistent singlets precision >97% with a solid >88% sensitivity has been demonstrated with a LightLoss feature set and the default density coefficient. This work yields a high‐precision, high‐sensitivity algorithm capable of objective and automated singlet discrimination across multiple cell types using various imaging‐derived parameters. A free FlowJo™ Software plugin implementation is available for simple and reproducible singlet discrimination for use at the beginning of any user's workflow.
Comparison Between Environmental DNA Metabarcoding and Traditional Survey Method to Identify Community Composition and Assembly of Stream Fish
Authors: Liu Ziyu , Hu Cong , You Wenhui , Li Shuxin , Wu Yongsheng , Liang Yangyang , Chu Ling , Yan Yunzhi , Zhang Chen
Published: November 2024

Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has been widely used in freshwater systems, contributing to the advancements in the monitoring of fish diversity and community species composition. Nevertheless, the accuracy and reliability of eDNA metabarcoding in assessing functional structures and revealing the mechanisms underlying fish community assembly remain unclear. In this study, we combined a traditional survey method (electrofishing) and eDNA metabarcoding to conduct fish stock monitoring in the upper reaches of the Huishui stream. We assessed taxonomic and functional structures, as well as community assembly mechanisms, during dry and wet seasons. The results revealed that, compared with electrofishing surveys, eDNA metabarcoding detected a greater number of species and higher functional richness in both seasons. Despite significant differences in fish taxonomic composition between the seasons, both eDNA and traditional methods indicated that environmental filtering dominated the process of fish community assembly in both dry and wet seasons. We showed that eDNA metabarcoding is comparable to the electrofishing method in monitoring the community composition of stream fish and can accurately and reliably determine fish community assembly mechanisms. Combining functional traits and eDNA is a robust approach for monitoring stream fish community compared to taxonomic uncertainty.
A global database of butterfly species native distributions
Authors: Daru Barnabas H.
Published: November 2024

Butterflies represent a diverse group of insects, playing key ecosystem roles such as pollination and their larval form engage in herbivory. Despite their importance, comprehensive global distribution data for butterfly species are lacking. This lack of comprehensive global data has hindered many large‐scale questions in ecology, evolutionary biology, and conservation at the regional and global scales. Here, I use an integrative workflow that combines occurrence records, alpha hull polygons, species' dispersal capacity, and natural habitat and environmental variables within a framework of species distribution models to generate species‐level native distributions for butterflies at a global scale in the contemporary period. The database releases native range maps for 10,372 extant species of butterflies at a spatial grain resolution of 5 arcmin (~10 km). This database has the potential to allow unprecedented large‐scale analyses in ecology, biogeography, and conservation of butterflies. The maps are available in the WGS84 coordinate reference system (EPSG:4326 code) and stored as vector polygons in the GEOPACKAGE format for maximum compression, allowing easy data manipulation using a standard computer. I additionally provide each species' spatial raster. All maps and R scripts are open access and available for download in Dryad and Zenodo, respectively, and are guided by FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) data principles. By making these data available to the scientific community, I aim to advance the sharing of biological data to stimulate more comprehensive research in ecology, biogeography, and conservation of butterflies.
Characterizing Asymptotic Dependence between a Satellite Precipitation Product and Station Data in the Northern US Rocky Mountains via the Tail Dependence Regression Framework With a Gibbs Posterior Inference Approach
Authors: Russell Brook T. , Ding Yiren , Huang Whitney K. , Dyer Jamie L.
Published: November 2024

The use of satellite precipitation products (SPP) allows for precipitation information to be collected nearly globally, but questions remain regarding their ability to reproduce extreme precipitation over mountainous terrain. In this work, we assess the ability of the precipitation estimation from remotely sensed information using artificial neural networks‐climate data record (PERSIANN‐CDR) to capture daily precipitation extremes by comparing PERSIANN‐CDR with corresponding station data in the summer at remote locations in the northern US Rocky Mountains of Wyoming, Idaho, and Montana. The assessment utilizes the regular variation framework from extreme value theory and consists of two parts: (1) evaluating the extent to which PERSIANN‐CDR can capture precipitation extremes through inference on an asymptotic dependence parameter, concluding that the level of asymptotic dependence is moderate throughout the region; (2) developing a tail dependence regression modeling framework and a Gibbs posterior approach for inference to investigate the degree to which elevation and topographic heterogeneity impact the level of asymptotic dependence, finding that the inclusion of a set of meteorological covariates, when combined with the PERSIANN‐CDR output, yields an increased level of asymptotic dependence with station data.
A System to Store Waste Heat as Liquid Hydrogen Assisted by Organic Rankine Cycle, Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer, and Mixed Refrigerant Hydrogen Liquefaction Cycle
Authors: Nikzad Abolfazl , Mafi Mostafa , Faramarzi Saman
Published: November 2024

This study proposes a system to store waste heat as liquid hydrogen using a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer (PEME) and a mixed refrigerant hydrogen liquefaction cycle. The novelty of this study lies in proposing a waste heat recovery system that stores electricity as liquid hydrogen, consuming less power due to the improved exergy efficiency of the components. The proposed system is analyzed to achieve better efficiency in terms of thermal and exergy efficiencies. Waste heat is used to generate power by an organic Rankin cycle (ORC), produced electricity is utilized in the PEME unit and compressors of liquefaction cycle to produce and liquefy hydrogen, respectively. Codes are written in EES software to simulate the system. Thermodynamic analysis is done in order to achieve better thermal efficiency for the proposed model. Membrane potential at different values of current density is calculated and compared with validate the simulated model. The exergy efficiency of the liquid hydrogen production process is 57%. The exergy efficiency, rate of power produced in ORC, and rate of hydrogen production by the electrolyzer increase significantly by increasing the isentropic efficiency of the turbine. At a temperature of 340 K for the evaporator, the thermal efficiency of ORC is obtained at 8.5%, which is approximately 3% higher compared with that of the previous similar process.
Optimization of Functional Gluten‐Free Cake Formulation Using Rice Flour, Coconut Flour, and Xanthan Gum via D‐Optimal Mixture Design
Authors: Taromsari Aidin , Ghiassi Tarzi Babak
Published: November 2024

Prolamins in wheat, barley, and rye cause celiac disease (CD), non‐celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), and wheat allergies (WA). Although rice can be a suitable alternative, gluten‐free rice flour products are less technologically advanced. However, coconut flour and xanthan gum could enhance product quality, fiber content, and functional properties. This study employed a response surface D‐optimal mixture design to investigate the impact of substituting Sadri Hashemi rice flour (RF) (15.60%–31.19%) with low‐fat desiccated coconut flour (CF) (0%–15.59%) and xanthan gum (XG) (0%–0.31%) in 17 runs based on batter weight. Eleven responses were analyzed and exhibited significant and valid models (p < 0.0001), with satisfactory coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.85) values and non‐significant lack of fit (p > 0.1). Substitution at all levels significantly increased batter viscosity (R2 = 0.990) and specific weight (R2 = 0.995). Differences in cake crumb color (ΔE) decreased when RF was substituted with CF, while maximum ΔE elevation was observed with 0.31% XG due to synergistic effects with 5.09% CF (R2 = 0.974). Increasing the RF/XG ratio (0% CF) resulted in decreased water activity (aw), while increasing CF increased aw synergistically (R2 = 0.986). Moisture and texture hardness increased significantly with RF substitution up to 7.518% CF and 0.170% XG and 8.944% CF and 0.285% XG, respectively (R2 = 0.976 and 0.993). The volume index decreased with CF and XG (R2 = 0.989). Sensory acceptances were reduced by increasing XG while improved with optimal CF levels, predicted at 6.415% (R2 = 0.997), 6.784% (R2 = 0.999), 9.001% (R2 = 0.999), and 5.924% (R2 = 0.999) for color, taste, texture, and overall acceptance, respectively. Two‐sided prediction interval confirmation runs with 95% confidence (p ≤ 0.05) validated the models' accuracy and prediction of optimized combinations. The optimized gluten‐free cake formula (23.395% RF, 7.795% CF, 0% XG) achieved an 88.0% desirability score. Developing valid regression models facilitates a comprehensive investigation of cake quality and sensory properties, ensuring a viable gluten‐free product for individuals with gluten‐related disorders.
Systematic Exploration of the Association Between Vitamin A Intakes and Sarcopenia Prevalence in American Adults
Authors: Fang Meisi , Ma Jinghang , Bai Yongyu , Ying Yifan , Shen Xian , Feng Zhen
Published: November 2024

Sarcopenia, characterized by an age‐related progressive loss of muscle mass and strength, presents significant health concerns. Recommending dietary nutrition emerges as a viable strategy to counteract muscle deterioration. Vitamin A, indispensable throughout the human life cycle and unattainable through endogenous synthesis, necessitates intake via diet. However, the direct correlation between sarcopenia prevalence and vitamin A intake remains unclear. This study systematically investigated the relationship between sarcopenia prevalence and vitamin A intake, including retinol and some carotenoids, across diverse races and genders utilizing multiple statistical analyses. Mixture analysis revealed significant positive correlations between total vitamin A intake and muscle mass among American adult males (Male: OR: 1.019, 95% CI: 1.010–1.027, p < 0.001). We also observed the gender‐specific results, with retinol playing a more significant role in enhancing muscle mass for males, while certain carotenoids were found to be more influential in females. Moreover, inflammation and oxidative stress mediated the relationship between vitamin A intake and sarcopenia prevalence in both genders. There may be a gender‐ and race‐specific relationship between dietary vitamin A intake and sarcopenia. Further prospective studies are imperative to elucidate the association between vitamin A intake and sarcopenia prevalence.
Clinical Management Update of Oral Leukoplakia: A Review From the American Head and Neck Society Cancer Prevention Service
Authors: Gates James C. , Abouyared Marianne , Shnayder Yelizaveta , Farwell D. Gregory , Day Andrew , Alawi Faizan , Moore Michael , Holcomb Andrew J. , Birkeland Andrew , Epstein Joel
Published: November 2024

Background

Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) occur in up to 4%–5% of the population, of which oral leukoplakia (OL) is the most common subtype. Predicting high‐risk OL remains a challenge. Early diagnosis and effective treatment are thought to be of paramount importance to improve outcomes.

Methods

We searched PubMed and Clinicaltrials.gov data for updates in the clinical management of OL from 2015 to current.

Results

Recent publication of large cohorts of patients with OL aids in counseling patients regarding risk of malignant transformation. Management for OL includes surveillance, excision, and laser surgery, as well as local and systemic approaches to chemoprevention. Several new entities show promise regarding candidate biomarkers, chemoprevention agents, and diagnostic adjuncts, though all require further validation.

Conclusion

This update serves to further inform clinical management of OL and provide impetus for future investigations.

Trial Registration

NCT00099021, NCT00951379, NCT05727761, NCT05727761
HPV E6/E7 mRNA screening alone can be used as a screening method for cervical cancer in premenopausal women in China: A retrospective study
Authors: Liu Ying , Yang Shirong , Ma Yingying , Gong Yingying , Du Beibei , Wang Yunfei , Yang Linqing
Published: November 2024

Background

This study aimed to assess the value of a HPV E6/E7 mRNA assay (Aptima® HPV [AHPV]) for primary cervical cancer screening combined with menopausal status.

Methods

A total of 16 917 women underwent AHPV testing and had complete histopathological results at the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University China between January 1, 2017 and March 31, 2022. We evaluated the performance of different screening strategies and combined strategies, as well as evaluations of different menopausal states.

Results

When identifying LSIL+ (includes low‐ and high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and invasive cervical cancer [ICC]), the sensitivity (91.2%) and negative predictive value (NPV; 96.6%) were significantly higher for AHPV than for liquid‐based cytology assay (LBC; 33.2% and 84.7% for sensitivity and NPV, respectively). Furthermore, the co‐testing strategy (cytology combined with AHPV), when compared with AHPV, achieved a slightly higher sensitivity (93.6% vs. 91.2%, respectively, P < 0.001), a similar specificity (61.3% vs. 62.7%, respectively, P = 0.014), a similar positive predictive value (PPV; 37.5% vs. 37.8%, respectively, P = 0.709) and a similar NPV (97.5% vs. 96.6%, respectively, P = 0.001). Moreover, AHPV (when compared with menopausal women) achieved a higher sensitivity (93.5% vs. 77.7%, respectively, P < 0.001), a higher NPV (97.3% vs. 93.9%, respectively, P < 0.001), a similar PPV (37.8% vs. 37.0%, respectively, P = 0.618) and a slightly lower specificity (60.7% vs. 72.1%, respectively, P < 0.001) in premenopausal women. These results were similar when identifying HSIL+ (includes high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and ICC).

Conclusion

The present study suggests that initial screening with HPV E6/E7 mRNA testing rather than combined screening is a suitable candidate for cervical cancer screening in China (especially for premenopausal women) based on economic reasons.
A Lightweight Multimodal Xception Network for Glioma Grading Using MRI Images
Authors: Liang Yu , Li Dongjie , Ren Jiaxin , Gao Weida , Zhang Yao
Published: November 2024

Gliomas are the most common type of primary brain tumors, classified into low‐grade gliomas (LGGs) and high‐grade gliomas (HGGs). There is a significant difference in survival rates between patients with different grades of gliomas, making imaging‐based grading a research hotspot. Current deep learning–based glioma grading algorithms face challenges, such as network complexity, low accuracy, and difficulty in large‐scale application. This paper proposes a multimodal, lightweight Xception grading network to address these issues. The network introduces convolutional block attention modules and employs dilated convolutions for spatial feature aggregation, reducing parameter count while maintaining the same receptive field. By integrating spatial and channel squeeze‐and‐excitation modules, it achieves more accurate feature learning, alongside improvements to the residual connection modules for critical information retention. Compared to existing methods, the proposed approach improves classification accuracy while maintaining a reduced parameter count. The network was trained and validated on 344 glioma cases (261 HGGs and 83 LGGs) and tested on 38 glioma cases (29 HGGs and 9 LGGs). Experimental results demonstrate that the network achieves an accuracy of 92.67% and an AUC of 0.9413 using a fully connected layer as the classifier. The features extracted using the improved Xception grading network achieved an accuracy of 93.42% when classified with KNN and RF classifiers. This study aims to provide diagnostic suggestions for clinical use through a simple, effective, and noninvasive multimodal medical imaging diagnostic method for LGG/HGG grading, thereby accelerating treatment decision‐making.
FMNL3 Promotes Migration and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cells via Inhibiting Rad23B‐Induced Ubiquitination of Twist1
Authors: Zhao Binggong , Ye Dong‐Man , Li Shujing , Zhang Yong , Zheng Yang , Kang Jie , Wang Luhong , Zhao Nannan , Ahmad Bashir , Sun Jing , Yu Tao , Wu Huijian
Published: November 2024

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous malignant tumor, and its high metastasis rate depends on the abnormal activation of cell dynamics. Formin‐like protein 3 (FMNL3) plays an important role in the formation of various cytoskeletons that participate in cell movement. The objective of this study was to explore the function of FMNL3 in breast cancer progression and endeavor to reveal the molecular mechanism of this phenomenon. We found that FMNL3 was abnormally highly expressed in aggressive breast cancer cells and tissues, and it significantly inhibited E‐cadherin expression. FMNL3 could specifically interact with Twist1 rather than other epithelial–mesenchymal transition transcription factors (EMT‐TFs). We also found that FMNL3 enhanced the repressive effect of Twist1 on CDH1 transcription in breast cancer cells. Further mechanism studies showed that FMNL3 suppressed the ubiquitin degradation of Twist1 by inhibiting the interaction between Twist1 and Rad23B, the ubiquitin transfer protein of Twist1. In vitro functional experiments, it was confirmed that FMNL3 promoted the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells by regulating Twist1. Furthermore, Twist1 could directly bind to the fmnl3 promoter to facilitate FMNL3 transcription. To conclude, this study indicated that FMNL3 acted as a pro‐metastasis factor in breast cancer by promoting Twist1 stability to suppress CDH1 transcription.
Development of a Japanese version of the Fresno test for family physicians to measure evidence‐based medicine competence
Authors: Kataoka Yoshihiro , Maeno Takami , Kimura Noriyuki , Ono Yuri , Suzuki Masatsune , Maeno Tetsuhiro
Published: November 2024

Background

The Fresno test is a useful instrument for measuring the evidence‐based medicine (EBM) competence of family physicians and others. This study aimed to develop a Japanese version of the Fresno test.

Methods

First, the original version of the Fresno test was translated into Japanese following the standard instrument translation procedure. Subsequently, family medicine residents and certified physicians took the Japanese version of the Fresno test to assess its validity and reliability.

Results

Translation of the Fresno test into Japanese was completed successfully. A total of 39 participants took the test to verify reliability and validity. Family medicine specialists scored higher than majors (129.7 ± 36.0 vs. 100.6 ± 45.1, p = 0.036), which indicated high construct validity. Intra‐class correlation coefficient and Kappa value of all questions were above 0.7, which suggested sufficient reliability. Item difficulty and floor/ceiling effect also fulfilled pre‐determined criteria.

Conclusions

This study successfully developed a Japanese version of the Fresno test. This test has sufficient reliability and validity and is expected to be useful as an instrument in EBM education for physicians in the future.
Real‐world practitioner perceptions of CARTITUDE‐4 results for patients with previously treated multiple myeloma
Authors: Balanean Alexandrina , Baird Samuel , Dulka Brooke , Jennings‐Zhang Luke , Bone Robert N. , Jeune‐Smith Yolaine , Feinberg Bruce , Baljevic Muhamed
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Initially approved for the fifth‐line or later therapeutic setting, the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell regimen ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta‐cel) was recently approved for second‐line (2L) treatment in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Oncology practitioners use clinical trials to inform treatment, but real‐world impressions and impact on practice are lacking. We aimed to determine whether presenting CARTITUDE‐4 clinical trial data would impact real‐world preferences/perceptions around CAR T‐cell therapy.

Methods

Recruiting from the Cardinal Health Oncology Provider Extended Network (OPEN), we surveyed hematologists/oncologists to investigate fourth‐line (4L) preferences in a hypothetical patient with triple‐class–refractory MM. We posed the same questions and answers before and after the trial presentation and compared pre‐/post‐preferences toward cilta‐cel and sequencing relative to bispecific antibodies (BsAbs). Using the same methodology as described above, we also performed a secondary analysis comparing pre‐/post‐perceptions on the use of CAR T‐cell therapy in earlier lines for patients with triple‐class–refractory MM.

Results

Among 50 respondents, decision‐making factors before the trial presentation included CAR T‐cell center availability (58%), comorbidities (52%), and center locations (34%). Additionally, 48% of 46 respondents chose 4L cilta‐cel. Among 47, 40% wanted more real‐world/long‐term CAR T‐cell therapy outcomes in any line, 38% wanted more 2L data, and 34% favored 2L/third‐line (3L) use. After the presentation, the preference for cilta‐cel doubled from 48% to 88% (p < 0.001) among 50 respondents and rose from 34% to 55% (p = 0.001) for earlier‐line CAR T‐cell therapy among 49. Moreover, 55% of 49 respondents preferred CAR T‐cell therapy prior to BsAbs.

Discussion

We have shown that making oncology practitioners aware of trials precipitated decision‐making factors and led to notable, significant shifts in future intended practice patterns. Being aware of trial data enables practitioners to make more informed decisions, tailor therapies to individual patients, and ultimately improve outcomes.
Degenerateness, Mental Hygiene, and Spiritism: Debates in the Argentine Medical Press (1930–1946)
Authors: Parra Alejandro
Published: November 2024

The disputes between spiritualists and physicians occurred in the context of hygienism and the degeneration theory, where spiritualists were considered agents requiring health care by alienists and psychiatrists. French psychiatry defended this interpretation to isolate and treat “spiritual delirium,” which came to have considerable importance in the debates between spiritism and psychiatry. Specifically, pathologization and psychologization became strategies to deal with the disruptive experience of mediumship and the sense of threat from spiritualism. Psychiatrists initiated anti‐spiritualist campaigns, inspiring responses from the spiritualist communities and their representatives, along with arguments to refute such diagnostic criteria. The debates between alienists and spiritists are an example of how, the rhetoric of spiritists, physicians, and some philosophers led to hostile positions regarding the designation of limits in the recognition of psychological and religious experiences.
Potential therapeutic uses of L‐citrulline beyond genetic urea cycle disorders
Authors: Summar Marshall
Published: November 2024

L‐citrulline (referred to hereafter as citrulline), a non‐essential amino acid and an intermediate in the urea cycle, is widely recognized for its role in managing genetic urea cycle disorders (UCDs). Recent studies, however, suggest that citrulline's therapeutic potential extends beyond UCDs, particularly in conditions associated with nitric oxide (NO) deficiency, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. This review explores citrulline's emerging applications in sickle cell disease (SCD), post‐operative pulmonary hypertension (PH), hepatic veno‐occlusive disease (HVOD), and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), as well as its speculative use in asthma and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In SCD, citrulline may restore NO bioavailability, potentially reducing the incidence and severity of vaso‐occlusive crises and preventing complications like pulmonary hypertension. In the context of post‐operative PH, citrulline's capacity to enhance NO production can improve pulmonary vascular resistance, decrease right ventricular strain, and reduce the need for mechanical ventilation. Citrulline's protective effects on endothelial function and its ability to mitigate oxidative stress offer promising adjunctive therapy for HVOD, particularly in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. In BPD, citrulline could promote alveolar development, reduce inflammation, and improve long‐term respiratory outcomes. Despite these promising findings, further research is necessary to determine optimal dosing strategies and to evaluate long‐term efficacy and safety. The potential role of citrulline in modulating NO production in conditions like asthma and ARDS also warrants further investigation. This review underscores the versatile therapeutic potential of citrulline and highlights the need for continued research into its applications across various conditions associated with NO deficiency and endothelial dysfunction.
Efficacy of Low‐Dose Ketamine and Propofol in the Treatment of Experimental Refractory Status Epilepticus on Male Rats
Authors: Yılmaz Gaye Boztepe , Saraçoğlu Kemal Tolga , Aykın Uğur , Akça Metehan , Demirtaş Cumaali , Saraçoğlu Ayten , Yıldırım Mehmet
Published: November 2024

Refractory status epilepticus (RSE) is a condition with serious mortality and morbidity rate, resistant to benzodiazepine and second‐line antiepileptic drugs. This study aimed to electrophysiologically investigate the combination of NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine and GABAergic agent propofol in an RSE model induced by lithium‐pilocarpine in male Sprague–Dawley rats. Seventy‐two male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into nine groups. The RSE model was induced by subcutaneous injection of lithium‐CI (5 mEq/kg) and intraperitoneal injection of pilocarpine‐HCl (320 mg/kg), after implanting tripolar EEG electrode. Ketamine (30, 60, and 90 mg/kg), propofol (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg), and combinations of both drugs (15 + 20 and 30 + 40 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally to animals with RSE. Video‐EEG recordings were taken after inducing model and 48 h later. The efficacy of drugs was statistically evaluated based on spike frequencies (spikes/min) and amplitudes (mV). Compared to RSE group, it was determined that 30 and 60 mg/kg doses of ketamine provided effective seizure control and prevented mortality (p < 0.001), while the 90 mg/kg showed toxic effects in all animals and caused mortality. The 80 mg/kg dose of propofol provided seizure control and reduced the mortality rate to 16.7% (p < 0.001), whereas the 20 mg/kg resulted in a 100% mortality rate. The low‐dose ketamine+propofol (15 + 20 mg/kg) combination provided early onset seizure control and were as effective as 80 mg/kg propofol (p < 0.05). The study concluded that in the experimental RSE model, seizure control could be achieved with low‐dose combination of ketamine and propofol without the need for high doses as in monotherapy, thus preventing dose‐related adverse effects.
Dynamic aesthetic emancipation: Transforming trauma care through creative modalities
Authors: Damsgaard Janne Brammer , Beck Bolette Daniels , Brinkmann Svend
Published: November 2024

This paper introduces the innovative practice of Dynamic Aesthetic Emancipation. It aims to enhance trauma care by emphasizing how the transformative potential of integrated arts and nature‐based modalities leads to emancipatory changes for individuals that surpass conventional care and counseling methods. The practice utilizes the aesthetic and experiential aspects of creative and natural modalities to bridge the gap between personal healing and social dynamics. We highlight the necessity of approaches that empower clients to actively engage with art and nature, thereby challenging conventional therapeutic roles.
Factors associated with Helicobacter pylori antimicrobial resistance in a US pediatric cohort
Authors: Riaz Muhammad , Chan Christina , Andrews Christine , Herzlinger Michael , Liu Enju , Bonilla Silvana
Published: November 2024

Objectives

The rising rates of Helicobacter pylori antimicrobial resistance highlight the importance of better understanding its epidemiology in the pediatric population. We aim to study the epidemiological factors associated with antimicrobial resistance in a cohort of US children with H. pylori infection.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of patients in the New England region of the United States between January 15, 2015 and October 15, 2022, with a first‐time diagnosis of H. pylori on gastric biopsy and who had antimicrobial resistance data available. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used to determine associations between the patient's demographics, clinical factors, endoscopic findings, and antimicrobial resistance.

Results

Out of 273 patients (46% male, median 12.8 years), 118 (43.2%) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. Clarithromycin resistance (24.5%) was the highest, followed by metronidazole (21.6%), fluoroquinolones (9.9%), rifabutin (3.3%), and amoxicillin (2.6%). Clarithromycin resistance was higher in Asians compared to White individuals (odds ratio [OR]: 4.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [2.01–10.89], p < 0.001), and lower in Black compared to White individuals (OR: 0.23, 95% CI: [0.08–0.69], p = 0.01). Antimicrobial resistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole were similar among Hispanics. Asian individuals were more likely to demonstrate one or more antimicrobial resistances compared to White (OR: 3.66, 95% CI: [1.50–8.89], p < 0.001). Compared to individuals from higher household incomes (>$100,000), those from less than $30,000 household incomes had a higher risk of metronidazole resistance (OR: 7.94, 95% CI: [1.83–34.36], p = 0.01).

Conclusion

Our study provides novel information concerning the association of H. pylori antimicrobial resistance to race, socioeconomic status, and age in the pediatric population.
The relationship between adverse childhood experiences and disorders of the gut–brain interaction
Authors: Fritz Julia , Coffey Rachel , Bloch Jackson , Cutler Anya , Gabrielson Sarah , DiGiovanni Stephen , Faherty Laura J.
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Disorders of the gut–brain interaction (DGBI) arise from a complex interplay of psychosocial factors, altered physiology, and early life factors. In adults, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with DGBI. While both ACEs and DGBI are prevalent among children, the relationship between ACEs and DGBI in childhood is not well understood.

Methods

Retrospective review of patients aged 3–18 years with ACE scores documented between October 1, 2019 and April 30, 2022 who were divided into three comparison groups: (1) not referred to pediatric gastroenterology (GI); (2) referred to GI and diagnosed with a DGBI; and (3) referred to GI and not diagnosed with a DGBI.

Results

Of 29,490 patients with ACE scores documented during the study period, 897 completed a GI consultation. Four hundred and one (44.7%) were diagnosed with a DGBI. With each additional adverse experience, patients were 1.09 times more likely to have a DGBI diagnosis (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.056–1.163; p ≤ 0.001). An anxiety diagnosis mediated 73% of this relationship (p = 0.012).

Conclusions

Among patients receiving pediatric GI specialty care, higher ACE scores were associated with a higher likelihood of a DGBI diagnosis. Anxiety largely mediates this relationship, suggesting potential avenues for targeted, multidisciplinary interventions in both primary and specialty care settings.
Impact of Home Medicines Review on medication regimen complexity
Authors: Seth Shrey , Lukose Lipin , Tesfaye Wubshet H. , Sridhar Sathvik B. , Thunga Girish , Castelino Ronald L.
Published: November 2024

Background

Previous studies on pharmacist‐led Home Medicines Review (HMR) have demonstrated positive associations of HMR and clinical outcomes. However, little is known about their impact on medication regimen complexity.

Aim

Investigate the impact of pharmacist‐led HMRs on simplifying medication regimen complexity using the Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI).

Method

A retrospective cohort study of 196 general practitioners (GPs) initiated HMRs, conducted over a period of 2 years (2020–2022) using two credentialed pharmacists in New South Wales, Australia. MRCI was used to measure the complexity at two separate time points, at baseline and following pharmacists' recommendations (assuming the GPs accepted all of the pharmacists' recommendations provided during the HMRs). The Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used to determine the difference between the scores at baseline and after HMR. Ethical approval was granted by the University of Sydney Human Research Ethics Committee (Reference no: 2022/584) and the study conforms to the Australian National statement on the ethical conduct in human research.

Results

During the HMR service, pharmacists made a total of 792 recommendations (mean ± standard deviation [4.04 ± 2.3] per HMR), among which dosage and frequency adjustment, laboratory monitoring, and therapeutic monitoring were the most common, collectively accounting for almost half of the recommendations. The median MRCI score at baseline was 28.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 21.5–37.6) and following pharmacists' recommendations was 29 (IQR 21.9–37.1). The difference between the baseline and post‐HMR scores was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates the lack of significant reductions in medication complexity following HMRs as measured by the MRCI. However, these results need to be interpreted with caution as not all interactions with patients lead to a change in the MRCI score. Comprehensive examination of individual medication changes may provide more meaningful and clinically relevant inferences.
Disparities in Breast Cancer Treatment and Reconstruction Among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Women: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Nguyen Antoinette , Duckworth Emily , Pascua Danielle , Coles Brigid , Galiano Robert
Published: November 2024

Background

Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) women experience significant disparities in breast cancer treatment and outcomes, including lower rates of postmastectomy reconstruction, higher refusal rates of radiation therapy, and delays in surgical care. These disparities contribute to poorer survival and increased complications compared to other racial/ethnic groups. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aim to quantify these disparities and assess their impact on breast cancer outcomes in NHPI women.

Methods

A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases was conducted to identify studies reporting on breast cancer surgery, reconstruction, radiation therapy refusal, and surgical delays for NHPI women. Thirteen studies, encompassing a total of 5 546 918 patients, were included, and meta‐analyses were performed to pool odds ratios (OR) and hazard ratios (HR) for key outcomes using random‐effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using I² statistics. Thematic analysis was also conducted to explore cultural and structural factors influencing treatment disparities.

Results

NHPI women had significantly lower odds of receiving postmastectomy reconstruction compared to non‐Hispanic White women (pooled OR = 2.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.96–2.08, I² = 99%). Delays in surgical care were more frequent, with NHPI women being 4.51 times more likely to experience delays (OR = 4.51, 95% CI: 3.82–5.32, I² = 99%). Radiation therapy refusal was notably higher, with a pooled hazard ratio of 3.28 (95% CI: 2.99–3.58, I² = 77%) indicating that NHPI women who refused radiation therapy had more than three times the risk of mortality compared to those who accepted it. Thematic analysis revealed that geographic isolation, limited access to specialized care, and cultural perceptions surrounding cancer treatments, including fear of radiation due to historical trauma, contributed significantly to treatment disparities.

Conclusions

Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander women face considerable barriers to receiving equitable breast cancer treatment and reconstruction, resulting in worse outcomes compared to other racial/ethnic groups. Efforts to address these disparities must focus on improving access to care, reducing treatment delays, and implementing culturally sensitive interventions. Targeted policies and healthcare system improvements, especially in geographically isolated areas, are critical to improving survival and treatment outcomes for NHPI women.
LC–MS‐Based Simultaneous Determination of Biomarkers in Dried Urine Spots for the Detection of Cofactor‐Dependent Metabolic Disorders in Neonates
Authors: Raveendran Arya , Gupta Ashutosh , Lewis Leslie E. , Prabhu Krishnananda , Moorkoth Sudheer
Published: November 2024

Deficiency of cofactors for various enzymes can lead to inborn errors of metabolism. These conditions frequently occur as seizures, which lead to permanent brain damage. Newborn screening for biomarkers associated with these disorders can help in early detection and treatment. Our objective was to establish a liquid chromatography mass spectrometry technique for quantifying biomarkers in dried urine spots to detect specific vitamin‐responsive inborn errors metabolism. Biomarkers were extracted from dried urine spots using a methanol:0.1% v/v formic acid solution (75:25) containing an internal standard mixture. Separation was achieved using a Luna PFP column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 3 µm) under gradient elution conditions. The LC–MS technique was validated as per ICH M10 guidelines. Urine samples from healthy newborns in Udupi district, South India, were analyzed to establish reference values for these biomarkers. The method demonstrated excellent linearity (R2 > 0.99) with low limits of quantification: 0.1 µg/mL for leucine, isoleucine, valine, proline, hydroxyproline, methylmalonic acid, and 3‐hydroxyisovaleric acid; 0.01 µg/mL for pipecolic acid and α‐aminoadipic semialdehyde; and 0.03 µg/mL for piperideine‐6‐carboxylate. Interconvertibility between urine and dried urine spot assays was observed from the results of the regression and Bland–Altman analyses. Reference intervals for these biomarkers in the Udupi neonatal population were established using the validated dried urine spot method.
Effects of Reduction‐Oxidation Cycles on the Structure, Heat and Corrosion Resistance of Haynes 282 Nickel Alloy Manufactured by Using Powder Bed Fusion‐Laser Beam Method
Authors: Kamiński Janusz , Adamczyk‐Cieślak Bogusława , Kopec Mateusz , Kosiński Andrzej , Sitek Ryszard
Published: November 2024

The study investigated the effect of the oxidation–reduction cycles on the structure and corrosion resistance of the Haynes 282 nickel superalloy at ambient and elevated temperatures. The comparative studies were performed on specimens produced by the Powder Bed Fusion‐Laser Beam (PBF‐LB) process and those in the as‐received state. The microstructure of the PBF‐LB specimens was studied using optical and scanning electron microscopy, whereas the chemical composition of the scale formed after isothermal oxidation in an air atmosphere at 750°C was analysed using energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. The phase composition of the formed scale was determined by X‐ray diffraction. Laboratory‐induced hydrogen atmosphere was adopted through cathodic charging. A comparison of corrosion resistance was carried out on two types of Haynes 282 specimens, before and after the oxidation and cathodic charging processes. It was found that PBF‐LB process could be effectively used to manufacture Haynes 282 nickel superalloy with low porosity and a fine crystalline microstructure. The low‐porous, fine‐crystalline microstructure of the tested specimens produced by the PBF‐LB technique exhibited good resistance to electrochemical corrosion, slightly lower than wrought Haynes 282 nickel superalloy specimens.