bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linguistic diversity in the international workplace: Language ideologies and processes of exclusion
Authors: Lønsmann Dorte
Published: November 2014

This article draws on a study of language choice and language ideologies in an international company in Denmark. It focuses on the linguistic and social challenges that are related to the diversity of language competences among employees in the modern workplace. Research on multilingualism at work has shown that employees may be excluded from informal interactions and from access to power structures on the basis of language skills in the company’s language(s). The data discussed here show that in the modern workplace, employees’ linguistic competences are diverse; international employees often have competence in the company’s lingua franca but lack skills in the local language while some ‘local’ employees lack competence in the corporate language (typically English). This can lead to the sociolinguistic exclusion of either group. In conclusion, the article relates these processes of exclusion to two language ideologies: one about an essential connection between language and nation and one about a hierarchy of English users.
Macro- and Meso-scale Mechanical Behavior of Caissons During Sinking
Authors: Zhao Xueliang , Xu Jian , Mu Baogang , Li Bing
Published: November 2014

Caissons are often used as the foundation of important structures. The sinking process of a caisson has a significant effect on its serviceability. In this study, laboratory experiments and numerical simulations were performed to study the macro- and meso-scale mechanical behaviors of caissons during sinking. Earth pressures near the toe of the caisson during sinking were measured. Particle movements and coordinate numbers were investigated to explain the distribution of earth pressure on the caisson from the meso-scale viewpoint. The region affected by the sinking process was fitted by a parabolic function. Soil arching and rotation of principal stress were found to be the important mechanisms affecting the mechanical behaviors of caissons during sinking. A numerical solution is proposed and is shown to offer a good approximation of the earth pressure on a caisson. The results of this paper are supposed to be useful for the design and construction of caissons in practice.
Olfactory Aversive Conditioning during Sleep Reduces Cigarette-Smoking Behavior
Authors: Arzi Anat , Holtzman Yael , Samnon Perry , Eshel Neetai , Harel Edo , Sobel Noam
Published: November 2014

Recent findings suggest that novel associations can be learned during sleep. However, whether associative learning during sleep can alter later waking behavior and whether such behavioral changes last for minutes, hours, or days remain unknown. We tested the hypothesis that olfactory aversive conditioning during sleep will alter cigarette-smoking behavior during ensuing wakefulness. A total of 66 human subjects wishing to quit smoking participated in the study (23 females; mean age, 28.7 ± 5.2 years). Subjects completed a daily smoking diary detailing the number of cigarettes smoked during 7 d before and following a 1 d or night protocol of conditioning between cigarette odor and profoundly unpleasant odors. We observed significant reductions in the number of cigarettes smoked following olfactory aversive conditioning during stage 2 and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep but not following aversive conditioning during wakefulness (p< 0.05). Moreover, the reduction in smoking following aversive conditioning during stage 2 (34.4 ± 30.1%) was greater and longer lasting compared with the reduction following aversive conditioning during REM (11.9 ± 19.2%,p< 0.05). Finally, the reduction in smoking following aversive conditioning during sleep was significantly greater than in two separate control sleep experiments that tested aversive odors alone and the effects of cigarette odors and aversive odors without pairing. To conclude, a single night of olfactory aversive conditioning during sleep significantly reduced cigarette-smoking behavior in a sleep stage-dependent manner, and this effect persisted for several days.
White Matter Microstructure in Transsexuals and Controls Investigated by Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Authors: Kranz Georg S. , Hahn Andreas , Kaufmann Ulrike , Küblböck Martin , Hummer Allan , Ganger Sebastian , Seiger Rene , Winkler Dietmar , Swaab Dick F. , Windischberger Christian , Kasper Siegfried , Lanzenberger Rupert
Published: November 2014

Biological causes underpinning the well known gender dimorphisms in human behavior, cognition, and emotion have received increased attention in recent years. The advent of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging has permitted the investigation of the white matter microstructure in unprecedented detail. Here, we aimed to study the potential influences of biological sex, gender identity, sex hormones, and sexual orientation on white matter microstructure by investigating transsexuals and healthy controls using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Twenty-three female-to-male (FtM) and 21 male-to-female (MtF) transsexuals, as well as 23 female (FC) and 22 male (MC) controls underwent DTI at 3 tesla. Fractional anisotropy, axial, radial, and mean diffusivity were calculated using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and fiber tractography. Results showed widespread significant differences in mean diffusivity between groups in almost all white matter tracts. FCs had highest mean diffusivities, followed by FtM transsexuals with lower values, MtF transsexuals with further reduced values, and MCs with lowest values. Investigating axial and radial diffusivities showed that a transition in axial diffusivity accounted for mean diffusivity results. No significant differences in fractional anisotropy maps were found between groups. Plasma testosterone levels were strongly correlated with mean, axial, and radial diffusivities. However, controlling for individual estradiol, testosterone, or progesterone plasma levels or for subjects' sexual orientation did not change group differences. Our data harmonize with the hypothesis that fiber tract development is influenced by the hormonal environment during late prenatal and early postnatal brain development.
Voluntary Physical Exercise Promotes Ocular Dominance Plasticity in Adult Mouse Primary Visual Cortex
Authors: Kalogeraki Evgenia , Greifzu Franziska , Haack Franziska , Löwel Siegrid
Published: November 2014

Ocular dominance (OD) plasticity in the mouse primary visual cortex (V1) declines during aging and is absent beyond postnatal day (P) 110 when mice are raised in standard cages (SCs; Lehmann and Löwel, 2008). In contrast, raising mice in an enriched environment (EE) preserved a juvenile-like OD plasticity into late adulthood (Greifzu et al., 2014). EE raising provides the mice with more social interactions, voluntary physical exercise, and cognitive stimulation compared with SC, raising the question whether all components are needed or whether one of them is already sufficient to prolong plasticity. To test whether voluntary physical exercise alone already prolongs the sensitive phase for OD plasticity, we raised mice from 7 d before birth to adulthood in slightly larger than normal SCs with or without a running wheel (RW). When the mice were older than P135, we visualized V1 activity before and after monocular deprivation (MD) using intrinsic signal optical imaging. Adult RW-raised mice continued to show an OD shift toward the open eye after 7 d of MD, while age-matched SC mice without a RW did not show OD plasticity. Notably, running just during the 7 d MD period restored OD plasticity in adult SC-raised mice. In addition, the OD shift of the RW mice was mediated by a decrease of deprived-eye responses in V1, a signature of “juvenile-like” plasticity. We conclude that voluntary physical exercise alone is sufficient to promote plasticity in adult mouse V1.
Network-Mediated Encoding of Circadian Time: The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) from Genes to Neurons to Circuits, and Back
Authors: Brancaccio Marco , Enoki Ryosuke , Mazuski Cristina N. , Jones Jeff , Evans Jennifer A. , Azzi Abdelhalim
Published: November 2014

The transcriptional architecture of intracellular circadian clocks is similar across phyla, but in mammals interneuronal mechanisms confer a higher level of circadian integration. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is a unique model to study these mechanisms, as it operates as a ∼24 h clock not only in the living animal, but also when isolated in culture. This “clock in a dish” can be used to address fundamental questions, such as how intraneuronal mechanisms are translated by SCN neurons into circuit-level emergent properties and how the circuit decodes, and responds to, light input. This review addresses recent developments in understanding the relationship between electrical activity, [Ca2+]i, and intracellular clocks. Furthermore, optogenetic and chemogenetic approaches to investigate the distinct roles of neurons and glial cells in circuit encoding of circadian time will be discussed, as well as the epigenetic and circuit-level mechanisms that enable the SCN to translate light input into coherent daily rhythms.
New Roles for the External Globus Pallidus in Basal Ganglia Circuits and Behavior
Authors: Gittis Aryn H. , Berke Joshua D. , Bevan Mark D. , Chan C. Savio , Mallet Nicolas , Morrow Michelle M. , Schmidt Robert
Published: November 2014

The development of methodology to identify specific cell populations and circuits within the basal ganglia is rapidly transforming our ability to understand the function of this complex circuit. This mini-symposium highlights recent advances in delineating the organization and function of neural circuits in the external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe). Although long considered a homogeneous structure in the motor-suppressing “indirect-pathway,” the GPe consists of a number of distinct cell types and anatomical subdomains that contribute differentially to both motor and nonmotor features of behavior. Here, we integrate recent studies using techniques, such as viral tracing, transgenic mice, electrophysiology, and behavioral approaches, to create a revised framework for understanding how the GPe relates to behavior in both health and disease.
Attention, Reward, and Information Seeking
Authors: Gottlieb Jacqueline , Hayhoe Mary , Hikosaka Okihide , Rangel Antonio
Published: November 2014

Decision making is thought to be guided by the values of alternative options and involve the accumulation of evidence to an internal bound. However, in natural behavior, evidence accumulation is an active process whereby subjects decide when and which sensory stimulus to sample. These sampling decisions are naturally served by attention and rapid eye movements (saccades), but little is known about how saccades are controlled to guide future actions. Here we review evidence that was discussed at a recent symposium, which suggests that information selection involves basal ganglia and cortical mechanisms and that, across different contexts, it is guided by two central factors: the gains in reward and gains in information (uncertainty reduction) associated with sensory cues.
More Than a Pore: Ion Channel Signaling Complexes
Authors: Lee Amy , Fakler Bernd , Kaczmarek Leonard K. , Isom Lori L.
Published: November 2014

Voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels form the molecular basis of cellular excitability. With >400 members and accounting for ∼1.5% of the human genome, ion channels are some of the most well studied of all proteins in heterologous expression systems. Yet, ion channels often exhibit unexpected propertiesin vivobecause of their interaction with a variety of signaling/scaffolding proteins. Such interactions can influence the function and localization of ion channels, as well as their coupling to intracellular second messengers and pathways, thus increasing the signaling potential of these ion channels in neurons. Moreover, functions have been ascribed to ion channels that are largely independent of their ion-conducting roles. Molecular and functional dissection of the ion channel proteome/interactome has yielded new insights into the composition of ion channel complexes and how their dysregulation leads to human disease.
Advances in Understanding Mechanisms of Thalamic Relays in Cognition and Behavior
Authors: Mitchell Anna S. , Sherman S. Murray , Sommer Marc A. , Mair Robert G. , Vertes Robert P. , Chudasama Yogita
Published: November 2014

The main impetus for a mini-symposium on corticothalamic interrelationships was the recent number of studies highlighting the role of the thalamus in aspects of cognition beyond sensory processing. The thalamus contributes to a range of basic cognitive behaviors that include learning and memory, inhibitory control, decision-making, and the control of visual orienting responses. Its functions are deeply intertwined with those of the better studied cortex, although the principles governing its coordination with the cortex remain opaque, particularly in higher-level aspects of cognition. How should the thalamus be viewed in the context of the rest of the brain? Although its role extends well beyond relaying of sensory information from the periphery, the main function of many of its subdivisions does appear to be that of a relay station, transmitting neural signals primarily to the cerebral cortex from a number of brain areas. In cognition, its main contribution may thus be to coordinate signals between diverse regions of the telencephalon, including the neocortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and striatum. This central coordination is further subject to considerable extrinsic control, for example, inhibition from the basal ganglia, zona incerta, and pretectal regions, and chemical modulation from ascending neurotransmitter systems. What follows is a brief review on the role of the thalamus in aspects of cognition and behavior, focusing on a summary of the topics covered in a mini-symposium held at the Society for Neuroscience meeting, 2014.
Visualizing the Engram: Learning Stabilizes Odor Representations in the Olfactory Network
Authors: Shakhawat Amin MD. , Gheidi Ali , Hou Qinlong , Dhillon Sandeep K. , Marrone Diano F. , Harley Carolyn W. , Yuan Qi
Published: November 2014

The nature of memory is a central issue in neuroscience. How does our representation of the world change with learning and experience? Here we use the transcription ofArcmRNA, which permits probing the neural representations of temporally separated events, to address this in a well characterized odor learning model. Rat pups readily associate odor with maternal care. In pups, the lateralized olfactory networks are independent, permitting separate training and within-subject control. We use multiday training to create an enduring memory of peppermint odor. Training stabilized rewarded, but not nonrewarded, odor representations in both mitral cells and associated granule cells of the olfactory bulb and in the pyramidal cells of the anterior piriform cortex. An enlarged core of stable, likely highly active neurons represent rewarded odor at both stages of the olfactory network.

Odor representations in anterior piriform cortex were sparser than typical in adult rat and did not enlarge with learning. This sparser representation of odor is congruent with the maturation of lateral olfactory tract input in rat pups. Cortical representations elsewhere have been shown to be highly variable in electrophysiological experiments, suggesting brains operate normally using dynamic and network-modulated representations. The olfactory cortical representations here are consistent with the generalized associative model of sparse variable cortical representation, as normal responses to repeated odors were highly variable (∼70% of the cells change as indexed byArc). Learning and memory modified rewarded odor ensembles to increase stability in a core representational component.
Anatomical Connections of the Visual Word Form Area
Authors: Bouhali Florence , Thiebaut de Schotten Michel , Pinel Philippe , Poupon Cyril , Mangin Jean-François , Dehaene Stanislas , Cohen Laurent
Published: November 2014

The visual word form area (VWFA), a region systematically involved in the identification of written words, occupies a reproducible location in the left occipitotemporal sulcus in expert readers of all cultures. Such a reproducible localization is paradoxical, given that reading is a recent invention that could not have influenced the genetic evolution of the cortex. Here, we test the hypothesis that the VWFA recycles a region of the ventral visual cortex that shows a high degree of anatomical connectivity to perisylvian language areas, thus providing an efficient circuit for both grapheme-phoneme conversion and lexical access. In two distinct experiments, using high-resolution diffusion-weighted data from 75 human subjects, we show that (1) the VWFA, compared with the fusiform face area, shows higher connectivity to left-hemispheric perisylvian superior temporal, anterior temporal and inferior frontal areas; (2) on a posterior-to-anterior axis, its localization within the left occipitotemporal sulcus maps onto a peak of connectivity with language areas, with slightly distinct subregions showing preferential projections to areas respectively involved in grapheme-phoneme conversion and lexical access. In agreement with functional data on the VWFA in blind subjects, the results suggest that connectivity to language areas, over and above visual factors, may be the primary determinant of VWFA localization.
Developmental Ethanol Exposure Leads to Dysregulation of Lipid Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in Drosophila
Authors: Logan-Garbisch Theresa , Bortolazzo Anthony , Luu Peter , Ford Audrey , Do David , Khodabakhshi Payam , French Rachael L
Published: November 2014

Ethanol exposure during development causes an array of developmental abnormalities, both physiological and behavioral. In mammals, these abnormalities are collectively known as fetal alcohol effects (FAE) or fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). We have established a Drosophila melanogaster model of FASD and have previously shown that developmental ethanol exposure in flies leads to reduced expression of insulin-like peptides (dILPs) and their receptor. In this work, we link that observation to dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism and lipid accumulation. Further, we show that developmental ethanol exposure in Drosophila causes oxidative stress, that this stress is a primary cause of the developmental lethality and delay associated with ethanol exposure, and, finally, that one of the mechanisms by which ethanol increases oxidative stress is through abnormal fatty acid metabolism. These data suggest a previously uncharacterized mechanism by which ethanol causes the symptoms associated with FASD.
Bovine serum albumin interactions with metal complexes
Authors: Topală Tamara , Bodoki Andreea , Oprean Luminiţa , Oprean Radu
Published: November 2014

The continuous search for new molecules with therapeutic abilities has led to the synthesis and characterization of a large number of metal complexes, proven to exhibit potential as pharmacological agents through their antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and antineoplastic properties. As serum albumins play a key role in drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, the study of coordination compounds affinity towards this class of proteins, as well as understanding the mechanism through which they interact is crucial. The aim of this review is to focus on the structure and biological functions of bovine serum albumin, the design of metal complexes that are able to bind to the biomolecule, as well as the experimental techniques employed in the study and evaluation of these interactions. Keywords: drug-protein interaction, coordination complex, fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy.
Breast diagnosis: Concordance analysis between the BI-RADS classification and Tsukuba sonoelastography score
Authors: Duma Maria Magdalena , Chiorean Angelica Rita , Chiorean Marco , Bolboaca Sorana Daniela , Florea Madalina , Feier Diana Sorina , Rusu Georgeta Mihaela , Sfrangeu Silviu Andrei
Published: November 2014

Aims. To establish the correlations between the ultrasound (US) BI-RADS classification and Tsukuba elastography score when assessing breast lesions. To determine which type of breast lesion (BI-RADS category) would benefit most from an elastographic assessment.Patients and Methods. The investigated sample of imaging comprised a number of 129 images belonging to 92 subjects examined with a Hitachi 8500 US device. Each lesion was assessed according to the BI-RADS and Tsukuba elastography score. Histopathology was obtained by means of percutaneous biopsy or post-surgery. Fibroadenoma-like lesions unchanged over a period of 3 years were considered benign.Results. The 1, 2 and BGR Tsukuba scores mostly correlated with BI-RADS II and III lesions such as cysts, hamartomas, lipomas, hematomas, non-palpable fibroadenomas. Palpable fibroadenomas initially included in BI-RADS IVa/b category, usually received benign elasticity scores (1 or 2), the exception being represented by a minority of cases of old, fibrotic or calcified lesions (elastic score 3 or 4). Non-specific  BI-RADS IVa/b lesions, such as mastopathic nodules demonstrated rather soft, elastic properties on elastogram (score 1 or 2). The 4 and 5 Ueno-Itoh scores were predominantly correlated with BI-RADS IVc and V categories represented by high risk lesions (radial scar, papillomas, atypical epithelial ductal hyperplasia) and in situ or invasive carcinomas.Conclusions. Generally the BI-RADS classification correlates well with the Tsukuba elasticity score, the main exception being represented by fibrotic, calcified lesions which falsely appear more suspicious post-elastography. BI-RADS III and IV lesions would benefit most from an elastographic assessment, a low Tsukuba score allowing a less invasive approach, while a high score imposes histopathological evaluation.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF DERMATOFIBROSARCOMA PROTUBERANS USING A REVERSED ADIPOFASCIAL
Authors: Stancu Bogdan , Mironiuc Ion Aurel , Crisan Maria , Mera Mihaela
Published: November 2014

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is a rare superficial tumor characterized by high rates of local recurrence and low risk of metastasis. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans occurs most commonly on the trunk and proximal extremities, it affects all races, and often develops between the second and the fifth decade of life. The tumor grows slowly, typically over years.We present a rare case of a young male patient, 21 years old, with an asymptomatic calf tumor which was suspected to be an angioma, but after the initial excision histology and imunohistochemistry proved to be a Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans without safety limits. After 2 weeks, we excised the remaining scar with 4 cm tissue limit and the defect was covered using an adipofascial reversed sural flap from the posterior part of the left calf and after another 2 weeks we applied a skin graft from the thigh.The patient had a good evolution, with full recovery, without local recurrences or metastasis, and the histology was within good safety limits.
ALCOHOLISM IN ROMANIA IN THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY AND AT THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
Authors: Andreescu Oana , Leaşu Florin , Rogozea Liliana
Published: November 2014

Although alcohol consumption has been described from the earliest times, alcohol abuse has grown significantly since the mid-nineteenth century as a consequence of the industrialization progress.Due to the socio-economic profile of Romania, which was considered to be agrarian, the idea of developing mainly the industry branches belonging to agriculture was considered. Amongst these branches, the production of alcohol appeared to be the most appropriate.The political state leaders from Romania enjoyed the taxes collected from alcohol commercialization, disregarding the costs involved in alcoholism which went far beyond them.
An Arabic Manuscript on the History of Iṣlāḥ and Irshād ‘Revolution’ in Indonesia
Authors: Abushouk Ahmed Ibrahim
Published: November 2014

This article deals with an Arabic manuscript written in 1960s by a Ḥaḍramī migrant settled in Indonesia and kept in circulation up to the present time. The purpose of this article is to give a textual analysis of the manuscript and assess its contribution to the history of the Ḥaḍramī migration to the Netherlands East Indies and the Ḥaḍramī awakening that took its shape in the first half of the twentieth century. The manuscript’s contents are systemically assessed and placed in their historical context while being compared with the available primary sources in the field. This content analysis approach enables the author to examine the reliability, objectivity and comprehensiveness of the manuscript in terms of its input to the modern history of the Ḥaḍramī diaspora in Indonesia.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v21i2.1040
Ḥuqūq al-insān wa al-dīmūqrātīyah wa dawr al-mujtama‘ al-madanī bi Indūnīsīyā
Authors: Yakin Ayang Utriza
Published: November 2014

This article discusses the issue of human rights and its relation to democracy. The paper attempts to elaborate on the concepts and principles of democracy that are an absolute prerequisite for the respect of human rights in Indonesia. Without there being an established democracy in the country, then, certainly, respect for and enforcement of human rights would never have materialized. The article will also explain the democratization movement in Indonesia and the role of civil society, including actors such as non-government organizations (NGOs), the mass media/press and religious organizations, in the enforcement of human rights and democracy. This paper hopes to provide a thorough contribution to the understanding and recognition of democratic principles and of democracy, itself, in making available space for the respect of and enforcement of human rights, including through the role of civil society.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v21i2.1042
Une entrevue avec Marianne Bargiel
Authors: Vaillancourt Guylaine
Published: November 2014

Marianne Bargiel pratique la musicothérapie depuis 1991 auprès d’enfants et d’adultes en milieu scolaire, communautaire et psychiatrique. Depuis 2006, elle pris la relève de Josée Préfontaine à la direction de l’Institut québécois de musicothérapie. Elle est candidate au doctorat en psychologie (Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières), avec pour principal intérêt de recherche les processus émotionnels évoqués par la musique en psychopathologie.
Music Therapy and Eating Disorders- A Single Case Study about the Sound of Human Needs
Authors: Bauer Susanne
Published: November 2014

In this article, I reflect on a music therapy intervention realized many years ago, with a young woman who had the diagnosis of Bulimia Nervosa. The concepts to which I will refer are the concept of resource orientated psychotherapy and the Bernese concept of need adapted -and motivational attunement (Grawe, 1998; Grawe and Grawe-Gerber, 1999; Stucki and Grawe, 2007). I re-viewed one of my cases, Ms. H., following some of the ideas developed by the authors.  I discovered various moments of interest, which made me think in terms of a Need Adapted Music Therapy process. Therefore, in the presentation of the case, besides talking about the patient’s eating disorder I want to point out her basic needs and how she demanded for them to be met symbolically during shared improvisational moments with the music therapist. And even if the therapist did not have the mentioned concepts in her mind at the time, it seems as if patient and therapist met quite often in this kind of “silent space of needs”.
An Overview of Research in the Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music
Authors: Grocke Denise Elizabeth
Published: November 2014

Parallel with the development of Guided Imagery and Music (GIM), Helen Bonny was also involved in research studies at the Baltimore Psychiatric Research Centre.  This article follows the development of research studies in the Bonny Method of GIM from the 1970s to the present day.  Some studies, particularly those focussing on medical conditions, utilize a quantitative framework in which measurement of variables is the cornerstone.  Other studies have focussed on a qualitative paradigm where the focus is on the experience of participants receiving the Bonny Method of GIM.  Further, many studies now use adaptations of the original form, either because the client group requires shorter programs, or different music, or because the therapist modifies GIM to provide a different experience to that of the individual 1.5+ hour session.  These adaptations are also addressed in this article.  Finally, researchers have explored the music used in the Bonny Method of GIM from different perspectives, either by analyzing the structure of the music, or measuring how the music effects imagery creation, or physiological measures of the body. What is evident from this overview of research is that many studies are done at Master’s and PhD level, or conducted by a team of researchers. There is great diversity in what has been researched to date, indicating that research will continue to be an important aspect of GIM practice.
Helen Bonny as Teacher, Mentor and Supervisor
Authors: Justice Roberta Wigle
Published: November 2014

Six individuals who trained with Helen Bonny over the years were asked to reflect on their perceptions of her as as a teacher, a mentor and a supervisor. The experience of these individuals spans the time period of Helen's training, from her first training sessions to her retirement from training. At the Bonny Foundation, they took a three level training; Helen Lindquist Bonny was Director of the Bonny Foundation; Lisa Summer was Director of the GIM Training; Frances Goldberg was Primary Trainer. We asked each person to address several topics specifically, with some general reflections and memories which the author synthesized into an overview.  What has emerged from the memories of the seven people contributing to this reflection is a picture of a multifaceted person and her style of teaching, including three outstanding characteristics of Helen. Their valuable insights were in relation to Helen in three roles: teacher in the training seminars, individual supervisor and individual mentor.
Music Psychotherapy: Guided Imagery and Music
Authors: Bonny Helen L.
Published: November 2014

Keynote Speech by Helen Lindquist Bonny at the Music Therapy International Forum: Toward the Recovery of our Humanity held in Gifu-City, Japan on November 3-5, 2000.
Performance in Music Therapy: Experiences in Five Dimensions
Authors: Jampel Peter F.
Published: November 2014

Constructing a procedure to assess, evaluate and treat psychopathology as it relates to the process of performing music addresses a link that is missing in contemporary music therapy practice and research. Conversely, no current explanation exists on how performing music can consistently promote health and human wellbeing. This article attempts to do both. It will apply the research findings of a study conducted with ten adult mental health consumers in 2004 and examine how the procedures developed in that study were then employed in a music psychotherapy group conducted over the course of a two and a half year period. That group process yielded a textured description of the meaning that performing held for the participants and how their relationship to performing music changed their lives. The data will then be interpreted through a system of analysis that examines the performance process through a five dimensional system. A case study will be presented to illustrate this process.
An Interview with Jim Borling
Authors: Sato Yumiko
Published: November 2014

“I love music therapy more today than I ever have,” says Jim Borling, who has been a music therapist for over 30 years and teaching music therapy for 28 years at Radford University.  How has he kept his passion for music therapy for so long?  I’ve never had the chance to ask him that question – until now.
“The Presentation”: an intensive arts-based rite of passage adapted for the training of Music Therapists.
Authors: Faire Rosemary Julea
Published: November 2014

This paper is firstly a story, told by both my students and myself. It started with my question: can arts other than music be used by Music Therapy students to negotiate uncertainties which arise at the threshold of entering into their new therapist community? A rite of passage from Expressive Arts Therapy in Toronto and Switzerland was transplanted into an Australian Music Therapy course. What emerged was truly magical. The students began by asking themselves defining questions… where am I now?…where do I want to be? They let art-works emerge from their growing edges to provide sometimes surprising answers. They then formed small groups and allowed the art-works to interact to create a Presentation - a ritual day of exchanging art-gifts. Their written reflections help illustrate the story. They describe “openness to possibilities”, “unexpectedness”, “like flying”, “a healing process”, “belonging”, “reverence”. Afterwards, in my own reflections, I attempt to grapple with the significance of such experiences in which we enter, through art-making, into the realm of “poiesis”. Are they vital to counterbalance the evidence-based approaches to knowing? What are the ramifications for an inquiry-based Music Therapy practice which values “not-knowing”? Can we deepen our courage to dwell in the discomfort of not-knowing while knowing finds us?
Anger, Joy and Hope: Reflections of a Revolutionary. An Interview with Nigel Osborne.
Authors: Woodward Alpha
Published: November 2014

Leslie Bunt's Introduction to the interview:It gives me great pleasure to introduce this text written by music therapy colleague Alpha Woodward. For quite some time Alpha and I have been exploring how to communicate to the international music therapy community through ‘Voices’ something of the essence of the work of a quite remarkable man, Nigel Osborne.  Alpha has provided a creative solution to this challenge by interweaving excerpts of an interview with Nigel within the context of a case study exploring the background and evolution of the Pavarotti Music Centre in Mostar. As Alpha points out in her text Nigel Osborne is a great friend and ambassador of music therapy, although not ‘formally trained’ as a music therapist.  His work touches on so much that is fundamental to the work of music therapists and as he says ‘enlivening children through song.’  But Nigel goes further in combining this passion for music with his burning desire for social justice and action.
An Interview with Lisa Summer: Discussing GIM and its adaptations
Authors: Montgomery Erin Anne
Published: November 2014

This interview with Lisa Summer discusses her path to music therapy, GIM, and Helen Bonny. Lisa speaks about her adaptations to the Bonny Method of GIM and how these have been incorporated into her latest GIM trainings. Her recent doctoral work, including music-centered guiding and the use of repeated music in GIM sessions is discussed. The work of Helen Bonny and key Bonny Method GIM concepts are outlined.
Is the Movement of Evidence-based Practice a Real Threat to Music Therapy?
Authors: Otera Masako
Published: November 2014

The author discusses what music therapists must work on to establish Evidence-based practice (EBP) in music therapy by referring to Saito's discussion of the misunderstandings and various interpretations of Evidence-based medicine (EBM), the issue of Empirically Supported Treatments (ESTs) in EBP in psychology (EBPP), and related discussions. Although the EBP movement tends to be recognized as a threat to music therapy, some recent discussions of EBM and EBP are encouraging for the development of EBP in music therapy. This paper shows that an integration of evidence of multiple types with clinical expertise and the individual needs in clients has become a consensus of EBP. However, the issues related to conducting Randomized controlled Trials (RCTs) and employment of standardized treatment protocols in music therapy have persisted as difficult problems. Because the issue of EBP is very complex and easily biased, effective learning of this issue should be promoted among music therapists so that they can successfully relate to the EBP movement and bring benefits to the field of music therapy. The author suggests that incorporating the ideas of EBP positively into the field of music therapy and constructing methodologies and theories will enhance EBP.
Demonstrating Sustainability in the Practices of Music Therapists: Reflections from Bangladesh
Authors: Bolger Lucy Elizabeth , Skewes McFerran Katrina Louise
Published: November 2014

Sustainability is a concept that has been implied but not overtly discussed in the music therapy literature.  Nonetheless, the literature does describe projects that work towards self-supporting music projects and capacity building.  In this article, a music therapist's contribution to an international development project in rural Bangladesh is used to illustrate how music therapists can embed sustainability principles into their practice.  We propose that a commitment to sustainability involve time, collaboration and realistic expectations and that these are relevant throughout the planning and process of programs that work towards the achievement of independent music outcomes. It is our contention that principles of sustainability are essential to contemporary music therapists' practice and warrant further explicit discussion.
A Perspective on Meaningful Aspects of Long-term Music Therapy Practice With a Child with Profound Developmental Delays
Authors: Ikuno Rika
Published: November 2014

Based on the assumption that the phenomenon of music therapy can be conceptualized as unique and expanding “meaningful experiences,” not limited to intervention-effect structure, the multi-layered values of the “meaningful experiences” are investigated. The narrative story by the therapist, written as a part of the case study, is used as the analysis materials; the “meaningful experiences” by the therapist are categorized into the five value aspects of sharing norms from mainstream culture, development desired, Client’s intrinsic Self, dialogical interrelationship, and co-existing contraposition.  Each aspect is interpreted by further classifying into the sub-categories.  As the conclusion, I discuss “overview of the interplay of the five value aspects,”  “meanings emerged in the mutuality of the field,” and “circular, mutually-influence perspective on therapy” Lastly, perspectives in future formal research are suggested.
How Do We Understand Children’s Restlessness? A Critique of the Biopsychosocial Model and ADHD as the Dominating Perspective in Current Understanding and Treatment
Authors: Helle-Valle Anna
Published: November 2014

How is children’s restlessness understood and handled by surrounding adults? Two approaches are outlined in this article: one is the biomedical and later the biopsychosocial model, the other is a tradition that can be traced back to Foucault’s concept of historical ontology. The biopsychosocial model and ADHD is currently the dominating perspective when it comes to describing, understanding and treating restlessness in children. In this tradition, a focus on pathology and biology places the root of the problem within the child and positions the surrounding adults as neutral observers and helpers. By contrast, historical ontology opens up to questions about the neutrality and validity of a biopsychosocial approach by pointing to our active role as subjects in creating ideas of truth about children, in judging their behaviour and in “helping” them. Rather than claiming that one approach is better than the other, it can be useful to regard the two traditions as providing different levels of analysis and be aware of the possibilities and limitations pertaining to these.
Music Therapy With Premature Infants and Their Caregivers in Colombia – A Mixed Methods Pilot Study Including a Randomized Trial
Authors: Ettenberger Mark , Odell-Miller Helen , Cárdenas Cátherine Rojas , Serrano Sergio Torres , Parker Mike , Camargo Llanos Sandra Milena
Published: November 2014

This article reports the results of a three-arm mixed methods pilot study of music therapy with premature infants and their caregivers in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) in Bogotá, Colombia. The study included 19 medically stable babies born between the 30th and 37th week of gestation and their caregivers. Two intervention groups were compared with a control group.The objectives were to find out whether music therapy could help the neonates to stabilize their physiological states and help mothers to reduce anxiety and strengthen the relationship with their baby.The data collection included the babies´ weight gain, heart rate, oxygen saturation, size, cephalic perimeter and length of hospitalization. Mothers filled out the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-C) and the Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS) before the first and after the last intervention. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data obtained through questionnaires.A trend towards an increased weight gain for both intervention groups and a shorter length of hospitalization for one of the intervention groups was noticed. Anxiety and bonding in mothers appears not to follow linear trends, as new challenges arise for parents at different stages during hospitalization. Mothers stated that music therapy was helpful for them, their baby and their relationship with the baby. Mothers across the groups think that music therapy should be a regular offer in the NICU and that music therapy helps to humanize the NICU environment.
"But You Don’t Look Sick": Dismodernism, Disability Studies and Music Therapy on Invisible Illness and the Unstable Body
Authors: Bassler Samantha
Published: November 2014

Invisible illness poses a unique problem vis-a-vis disability and society, since invisible illness does not present itself outwardly and does not easily mark a person as having a disability. Using Lennard Davis's understanding of dismodernism as a guide, this essay explores the cognitive dissonance of invisible illness and instability in the body, examining the juxtaposition of disability studies and music therapy using the unstable and invisible difference of the body as a case study. The purpose of the essay is to propose a meeting ground between disability studies and music therapy, and suggest further avenues for working together to promote greater understanding and compassion for persons living with invisible illness.
New Zealand and Music Therapy: A Synopsis of a New Scene
Authors: Croxson Morva
Published: November 2014

There are two historical threads to the beginnings of music therapy recognition in New Zealand; one came from the initiatives of an audiologist in Auckland. The other grew out of the passion of an expatriate New Zealander who had been in Juliette Alvin's first group of music therapy students at the Guildhall in London.
Swimming along the Mainstream
Authors: Kenny Carolyn
Published: November 2014

This morning I spent the entire morning working with my friends down at the Musqueam Reserve. We were talking mainly about language revitalization. The name, Musqueam, means "grasses which grow beside the river". Last week I spent a whole day working with some other friends at the Sto:lo Nation. In this First Nation "Sto:lo" means "people of the river."
Community Music Therapy & The Winds of Change
Authors: Ansdell Gary
Published: November 2014

I hope respondents to this article will outline, from the stance of their own individual or national contexts, convergent or divergent patterns to those I suggest - in the service of building a more inclusive map of this territory.
Musical Listening: Giving Audience to the Music and Our Clients
Authors: Arnason Carolyn
Published: November 2014

This essay will discuss the experience of listening to music and the incredible power it has to both inspire awe and generate myriad questions about what musical listening is all about. I envision this essay in ABA form, although without a perfect cadence at the end. The B section will describe a research study in progress that I am conducting about how music therapists listen to improvised music. The B section will be encircled by A sections describing clinical work with an individual client that fostered my interest in this research topic.
Reflections on Working with a String Quartet in Aesthetic Music Therapy
Authors: Lee Colin Andrew
Published: November 2014

Aesthetic Music Therapy (AeMT) is a music centred approach to clinical practice. This essay describes the beginning experiences of sessions with a professional string quartet. Using clinical improvisation the therapist and quartet explored inter-musical and inter-personal relationships. Questioning the importance of musical quality in clinical improvisation this paper proceeds to examine the parameters of clinical practice with musicians. Through the therapist's reflections on the inspirational aspects of sessions, questions are raised for future work and research.
Orff Music Therapy: An Overview
Authors: Voigt Melanie
Published: November 2014

This article provides a brief introduction to Orff Music Therapy, an approach to music therapy developed in Germany by Gertrud Orff at the Kinderzentrum München in Munich, Germany. It has been used as a therapy with children with developmental delays and disabilities for over thirty years at the Kinderzentrum München. In the meantime, as a result of training courses, it is also used in numerous other institutions for children and youth with developmental disabilities in Germany. The development of music therapy within the clinical setting of social pediatrics and the use of elements of Orff-Schulwerk are two factors which have had a strong influence upon the philosophy, principles and practice of this form of music therapy. A brief discussion of the historical background, the theoretical foundations and the principles and practice Orff Music Therapy will provide the reader with an overview of Orff Music Therapy. Two clinical examples will illustrate this work.
Finding the Client in Their Environment: A Systems Approach to Music Therapy Programming
Authors: Woodward Alpha M.
Published: November 2014

Most extended care environments are fraught with noise pollution, resident distress, and staff busyness. The continual clamour of random sound events such as call bells, public paging systems, TVs, loud conversations, kitchen clatter and continuous foot traffic contribute to an alarming sense of frenetic activity and impervious indifference. The Emergent Voice is the sum of all sounds we hear. It is the qualitative and identifiable personification of health or illness in a system. An Emergent Voice that reveals disturbing sounds and disruptive behaviours can be influenced towards health through the experiencing of the aesthetic, temporal and structural properties of music. This perspective introduces an environmental approach to music therapy programming in institutional facilities and necessitates a basic understanding of systems and field theories, the physiology and phenomenology of sound, and a willingness to engage in, and listen to, the environment in a new way.
Expressive Music Therapy: Empowering Engaged Citizens and Communities
Authors: Faire Rosemary , Langan Dianne
Published: November 2014

With foundations in deep ecology and ecopsychology, ecological expressive arts therapy offers individuals and communities support to give voice to disenfranchised concerns about issues such as the environment and reconciliation. Expressive music therapy can reconnect voices to hearts, and hands to drums, and words to the powerfully authentic songs of change. This paper describes the theoretical underpinnings of Ecological Expressive Arts Therapy, within a community arts context. The second section of the paper describes the experiential processes of a workshop presented at the Education and Social Change Conference held at University of Technology Sydney in December 2000.