bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Some Biochemical and Hematological Parameters among Cleaning Workers Infected with Microbial Skin Infections
Authors: N. N. Eman , N. K. Intesar , J. M. Zahid
Published: April 2022

This study have been carried out on (100) samples (hair, skin, nail and lesions) from cleaners of hospitals, schools and roads suspected of skin infections, 60 male, 40 female and 40 samples 20 male and 20 female from healthy individuals as control. Patients were divided into 3 age groups: G1 (15-25) years, G2 (26-35) years and G3 (36-45) years, in addition to control group (25-35) years.Samples were taken from (June-September, 2010) at some regions in Baghdad City. Diagnosis by a potassium hydroxide (KOH) microscopy and culture on Saboraud's dexotrose agar (SDA) have showed that most common dermatophyte infections were for tinea pedis with prevalence rate of (53%) followed by tinea unguium of (24.6%), tinea versicolor of (12.1%), tinea corporis of (5.3%), tinea capitis of (4.7%). Bacterial infections have beendiagnosed by Gram stain film then cultured on blood agar and Api system.Staphylococcus aureus was responsible for most infections that appeared. Significant differences (P < 0.05) have been appeared between some of the study groups comparing with normal values and control group in the results of hematological tests [hemoglobin level,merythrocyte sedimentation rate (E.S.R.)]. Biochemical analyses were performed on serum samples (blood sugar, blood urea, serum creatinine, total bilirubin, serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides.
Detection of Three uncommon Bacteria in Tigris River and Purification Stations
Authors: Al-Bayatti Khalid K.
Published: April 2022

During the evaluation of water quality before and after treatment in one of the three water purification stations in Baghdad city.Three uncommon bacterial species were detected and isolated from the water of Tigris River and the drinking water after treatment in purification station using conventional bacteriological methods and API20E technique for the identification of bacteria.The isolated bacterial species were Pantoea spp. Rahnella aquatilis and Sphingomonas paucimobilis which were belonging to the families Enterobacteriaceae and Sphingomonadaceae. It is of noteworthy that, these species has not been previously isolated from the water of Tigris River or from any other Iraqi environment or clinical samples.Although, these bacteria were habituated natural environment (water, plants and soil), they are opportunistic pathogen and they sometime pose a real public health concern, they could infect different parts of human body and some of them were recovered from different hospital environments and equipments.
Treatment options of acute viral bronchiolitis in two Iraqi pediatric hospitals with a recent montelukast treatment option.
Authors: Salih Afrah G. , Al-shamma Kassim J. , Hassan Mahir M. , Salman Raed Y. , Salih Israa M.
Published: April 2022

Bronchiolitis is a virally induced acute bronchiolar inflammation. It is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in infants with ages less than 1 year.The most common virus responsible for bronchiolitis is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The mainstay of management is oxygen and fluid administration. Pharmacological interventions including corticosteroids and bronchodilators have not been shown to improve outcome.Is to evaluate the effect of montelukast and to verify the efficacy of bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs among infants presenting with acute viral bronchiolitis in two Iraqi pediatric hospitals.This was a randomized, prospective study in two Iraqi pediatric hospitals. Sixty infants with age range (2-24months) with a first episode of acute bronchiolitis were randomlydivided into four treatment groups: oxygen plus intravenous fluid, montelukast pediatric chewable tablet, salbutamol given in combination as oral plus nebulized salbutamol, and dexamethasone IV injection. Control infants with non respiratory diseases were also studied for comparisons. The measured outcomes included: respiratory rate, heart rate, oxygen blood saturation, and times to resolution of illness, duration of oxygen & intravenous fluid therapy,and length of hospital stay. These parameters were measured for each infants from hospital admission untildischarge.All groups were comparable at baseline. There are significant improvements in the respiratory rate, heart rate, blood oxygen saturation and rapid resolution of illnesses in the patients group that received oxygen plus IV fluid &the patients group that received montelukast tablet compared to other treatment options.Length of hospital stays was shorter in these two treatment options compared to other treatment options.The results observed effect of montelukast & oxygen plus intravenous fluid on the measured parameters compared to other treatments options in these two hospitals.
Detection of microbial contaminants of some locally produced fruit juices, ice creams, and yogurts.
Authors: Ali Raja'a Khazl.
Published: April 2022

The study included (45) samples of fruit juices, ice creams and yogurts which locally produced and available at Baghdad markets including some small markets and booths. The study focused on the detection of microbial contaminants by accounting total number of aerobic bacteria, coliform bacteria, E.coli, S. aureus and Salmonella. Results of microbial tests of (20) randomly collected samples of juices selected from local stores and boxes in Baghdad city area showed contamination and invalidity of these samples for human consumption comparing to Iraqi standards with a failure rate reached to 15% for total count of bacteria, 10% for coliform. The microbial test (15) samples showed a failure rate of 66.5% for aerobic bacteria (T.C) , 60% for E.coli, 65.6 % for coliform bacteria , 13.3 % for staphylococcus aureus.No sign if Salmonella existence was recorded for all tested samples in compare with Iraqi standards. As for yogurts, the microbial tests of (10) samples showed a failure rate of 30% for coliform, no sign of Salmonella existence was recorded for all tested samples.
Preparation and Evaluation of Oral Microsponge Drug Delivery System of Ketoconazole
Authors: Hussien Ahmed Abbas
Published: April 2022

In oral applications, the microsponge system has been shown to increase the rate of solubilization of poorly water-soluble drugs by entrapping such drugs in the microsponge system's pores.Because these pores are very small, the drug is in effect reduced tomicroscopic particles and increased surface area thus greatly increases the rate ofsolubilization.This investigation was done to increase solubility and then bioavialibility of poorly soluble ketoconazole (BCS class II drug) by preparing it as microsponges by quasi emulsionsolvent technique using different types of Eudragits as Eudragit E 100, Eudragit RS or Eudragi tRL. Physicochemical interaction between drug and excipients as individual one,physical mixture and prepared microsponge has been evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) which indicates theabsence of interaction between them. The1: 0.1 ratio drug: Eudragit E 100 at stirring rate of 2000 rpm (F1b) was found to give the best production yield of 80.46±2.41, entrapment efficiency of 70.84%±1.71, and smallest particle size of 57.42±2.26 μm. Scanning electron microscopy of F1b at magnification of 1000x and 50000x shows the presence of drug as nanocrystals inside microsponge. All prepared formulas shows good flow properties indicated the possibility of capsule formulation which show significant (P<0.05) high drug release percent in 0.1 HCl compared with traditional Nizoral® oral tablet (83.15%±1.10) but Eudragit E (F1b ) shows the best drug release percent of 100±0.91 at 20 minutes. Finally, the overall obtained data revealed the feasibility of preparing fast release ketaconazole as microsponges in oral capsules dosage form.
Toxoplasma Seroprevalence in Healthy Voluntary Blood Donors from Blood Bank of Baghdad
Authors: Mahmood Aysar Essam , Etawi Zainb Mohammad , Ahmed Mayssa Abdul-Latif
Published: April 2022

In this study (300) blood samples were collected from healthy volunteer at nationaltransfusion center, ministry of health, republic of Iraq, was examined for anti-Toxoplasmagondii antibodies by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii total IgG, IgM antibodies were 85 (56.6%), 40 (26.6%) respectively.While positive rate for IgG, IgM in female and male were 65 (43.3%), 35 (23.3%) and 20(13.3%), 5 (3.3%) respectively. The high positive rate of IgG and IgM appear in femle whoage rated between (21-30) and (31-40) years old, were 27 (25.7%), 7 (15.5%) respectively.Also rate of toxoplasmosis in married women greater than married men 27 (28.4%), 2 (1.9%).The same things for women cats breed, the rate of IgG and IgM was 24(44.4), higher thanmen who breed cats.
Isolation and Identification of Hyaluronidase Producing Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: M. K Furqan , Ch. H Maysaa , A. H. Asmaa
Published: April 2022

In this study, a total of one hundred clinical samples were collected for isolation ofStaphylococcus aureus from different hospitals (Al Yarmouk Teaching Hospital and HospitalChild Central and a number of Al- Harthiya laboratories) in Baghdad.The diagnostic results showed that 34 out of 100 samples were beloned to gram positive bacteria and 66 were gram negative according to their morphological and cultural characteristics. From these 34 gram positive isolates 25 isolates were confirmed as Staphylococcus aureus, 6 Staphylococcus epidermidis and 3 Staphylococcus saprophytic us.These S. aureus isolates were tested for their ability to produce hyaluronidase enzyme and results showed that all the isolates were hyaluronidase producers; among them, S. aureus isolate S2 obtained from urine was the most efficient in hyaluroniase production. Enzyme specific activity of the crude filtrate of this isolate was 96 U/mg proteins.
Evaluation Nurses' Practices toward Application of Apgar Scores for Newly Born Baby at Delivery Room in Baghdad City
Authors: Khudhair Suad Hassoon , Ma’ala Eqbal Ghanim
Published: April 2022

The study title evaluate nurses’ practices toward application of Apgar scores for newly born baby at delivery room in Baghdad city for the purposes of finding the relationship between the nurses' practices and their demographic characteristics.A descriptive study was carried out in teaching and non teaching hospitals (Al-Numan General Hospital, Al-aluwa Delivery Hospital in Baghdad City from the 10th September 2012 to 10th January 2013. A purposive (non probability) sample of (20) nurses who are working inthe delivery room in these hospital. The data was collected through using constructed questionnaire which comprises (25) items add filled by using interview technique.The reliability of the questionnaire was determined through a pilot study and validity through a panel of experts. The data were analyzed through the application of descriptive statistic that including frequency, percentage, and the application of inferential statistical procedures, which include Pearson correlation coefficient, mean of score, standard deviation and chi-square.The finding of the study there was no statistical significance differences between the nurses' practices and their demographic characteristics espial educational level, years of experience in the delivery room, years of employment in the nursing, and the finding of the study was indicated that the nurses have poor practices about application of Apgar scores for newly born baby at delivery room. The study recommended that nurses 'practices should beimproved toward application of Apgar scores for newly born infant at delivery room throughout establishment of educational program
The Correlation Between Blood Glucose Level and Lipid Profile in Hypothyroid Diabetic Patients in Baghdad
Authors: Dawood Nihad Hameed
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of thyroid hormones disorders on serum lipid profile among the hypothyroidism diabetic patients. For this purpose blood samples were collected randomly from (40) subjects with hypothyroidism (TSH> 5 m IU/L, T4 < 50 n mol/L) (male and female) from the endocrine center of Al-Yarmook teaching hospital in the age range of (30- 65) years. Included (21) diabetic patients who had thyroid dysfunction (hypothyroidism) according to clinical examinations and laboratory results, (were chosen as case group) and the remaining (19) subjects were consider as control group.The following variables were measured: Fasting serum glucose, thyroid hormones (T3, T4 and TSH) and lipid profiles (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), Very Low density lipoprotein VLDLand triglycerides (TG)).The statistical analysis of results of this study revealed a significant correlation between fasting serum glucose (FSG) with severity of thyroid hormones disorders levels (T3, T4 and TSH), beside significantly increased serum total cholesterol (include HDL, LDL and VLDL) and triglyceride (P. value < 0.05) with hyperglycemia.We conclude that hyperglycemia is associated with significant changes in lipid profile and thyroid hormones level in hypothyroid-diabetic patient as compared with non diabetic control group with negative correlations
The Effects of Dexamethasone on Postoperative Complications After Surgical Removal of Impacted Lower Third Molar Teeth
Authors: Rassul Haider Ali , Hassan Ahmad Fliah , Raheem Athil Adnan , Ibrahem Hajer
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dexamethasone on postoperative complications after surgical removal of impacted lower third molar.Sixty patients submitted for surgical removal of impacted lower third molar, thirty patients received dexamethasone ampoule I.M (8 mg/2 ml) one hour preoperatively followed by one ampoule 12 hours post operatively, compared with another thirty patients who did not receive dexamethasone. The parameters of comparison were swelling and trismus depending on the patient's outcome (Yes or No), in addition to pain using VAS scale. Findings were recorded at second, fourth, and seventh days postoperatively.Dexamethasone appear to have great effect on reducing the post operative complications (pain, swelling and trismus) after the surgical removal of lower third molar and the statistical analysis showed a highly significant difference between group one that received dexamethasoneand group two without dexamethasone.We concluded that the dexamethasone was statistically more efficient in reducing the pain, swelling and trismus
Cichorium intybus Roots Extract: A New Culture Medium for Cultivation of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Fusarium graminearum and Candida albicans
Authors: Aziz Fitua Minuar
Published: April 2022

For the first time globally, the studying of using hot water extract of Cichorium intybus (chicory) as a new culture medium for fungi and yeast growth was done .It used for cultivation of: Aspergillus niger ,Aspergillus terreus,Fusarium graminearum and Candidaalbicans.The present study clearly showes the possibility of using the chicory roots extract agar medium as a new culture medium for molds and yeasts. The results showed avariation in the growth of fungi on chicory roots extracts agar medium compared with potato dextrose agar medium (PDA) in colony growth diameter mean ,colony color, sporulation and producing of different color dyes.The sporulation for Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus terreus was heavy on chicory roots extract agar medium compared with PDA medium.In addition,the prepared medium will be usefull for fungal toxomony,for Aspergillus terreus and Fusariun graminearum, dark yellow pigment of Aspergillus terreus on chicory medium while it was yellow pigment on PDA. Fusarium gramiearum produce purple color pigment on chicory medium while it was pink pigment on PDA,also chicory medium was good medium for cultivation of Candida albicans without producing pigments.
Quantitative Analysis of Dimetindene Maleate in Dosage Forms by Ion-pair Reversed- Phase HPLC
Authors: Hasson Kahtan Jassim
Published: April 2022

The formulations of Dimetindene Maleate as capsule, drop and gel and their methods of analysis are still unavailable in international Pharmacopeia. In this work ion-pair reversed- phase HPLC method was developed for the determination of Dimetindene Maleate in its dosage forms,which can be used for the assay of capsule or tablet, drop and gel.The separation of Dimetindene Maleate was performed in about 10 minutes with high efficiency using ODS column 25cm and a mobile phase consists of methanol 40 % in distilled water containing 0.02% 1-heptane sulfonate and adjusted with sulfuric acid to pH (3.5).Thelinearity of this HPLC method was proved and a straight line relationship was obtained between the peak areas and the different concentrations of Dimetindene Maleate standard solution in the range (1-8)μg/ml with confidence limit of 0.998 and the RSD was not more than 1.2%. In addition, this method was found to be suitable for stability study of dimetindene preparations and for dissolution test of capsules and tablets of dimetindene as well.
Culture and Molecular Detection of Staphylococcus aureus in Dairy Products of Ahwaz
Authors: Jabber Al-musawi Mastafa Heilo , Shawi Al-Rubaye Mushtaq Talib , Hosseini Maryam
Published: April 2022

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important bacteria that cause food poisoning and disease in humans and herds. Milk and milk products are important part of the human diet also support the growth of pathogenic organisms. The present study was aimed to determine the prevalence of coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus in different kinds of dairy products of Ahvaz Province.460 dairy product samples randomly were collected from Ahvaz Province. The samples were analyzed for the presence of S. aureus. Positive samples screened by microbiological tests.DNA extracted from all isolates and the PCR carried out using specific primers for S. aureus. The results indicated that 127 (27.61%) of dairy samples were contaminated by Staphylococcus aureus (curd 24.5%, dough 19%, butter and cream 14.5%, yogurt 12.5%, cheese10%, milk 5%).High prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus contamination in milk and milk products of Ahvaz suggests that more control measures should be applied during dairy production. The obtained results are useful for designing strategic plans of prevention and control program against Staph. aureus in dairy ecosystem.
Detection of HCMV DNA in Chronic Periodontitis Patients by Real time PCR and its relation with the severity of disease
Authors: Abid Aun Wasan Adnan , Edan Dawood Salim
Published: April 2022

Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that extends into the tissues supporting the teeth. Recent studies have demonstrated that various human herpes viruses especially human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) may play a part in the pathogenesis of human chronic periodontitis. The aim of this study is to detect HCMV DNA in saliva of chronic periodontitis patients by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, measure its copy number and find its relation with severity of the disease. The study sample consisted of fifty – three chronic periodontitis patients of both genders (27 males and 26 females) with agesranged from 25 to 45 years and all the selected patients have not any systemic diseases. Periodontal parameters used in this study were [plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL)]. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from all subjects and examined by real time PCR test for HCMV DNA detection. The results of this study observed that the percentage of study group who were positive for HCMV DNA was (22.6%). The present study observed that there was no relation between PLI and GI with HCMV DNA salivary level. Concerning BOP and PPD there was no relation found between BOP and PPD with HCMV DNA level. For CAL there was a significant relation found between CAL and HCMVDNA level.
Effect of Tamsulosin on Biomarkers after Ureteral Stones Lithotripsy
Authors: Abood Mohammed Khalid , Abass Wasan Abd Alkarim , Fadil Ammar
Published: April 2022

Since the aurora of civilization, urolithiasis has plagued humans. Defective drainage due to urinary tract obstruction at the narrowest part (ureterovesical junction, ureteropelvic junction, and near the pelvic brim) via stones will eventually cause the agonizing renal colic pain.  Therapeutic managements of urolithiasis to relief acute colic pain are the primary objective. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the most commonly used drugs as suggested by many studies. It is very important to consider side effects of the drugs used in the treatment of colic pain.

 In order to preserve renal function and to relief obstruction, medical expulsion therapy are used for ureteral calculi as a conservative management. These medications will aid the passage ureteral calculi, an area that currently seems to be a field for continuous investigation.The Aim of this Study is to compare renal biomarkers before and after Lithotripsy and to evaluate the effect of Tamsulosin on these biomarkers in patients with ureteral stones.

  We concluded that, there were significant differences in the clinical outcomes obtained after using tamsulosin for 14 days in patients with ureteral stones who underwent lithotripsy compared with those patients who were not used tamsulosin; the levels of KIM-1, andserum urea were decreased significantly (p value <0.05) while the levels of ALP and serum sodium show an improvement when compared to patients who were not used tamsulosin but it's results were statistically not significant
Study The Relationship Between The Ability of Biofilms Formation and Antibiotic Sensitivity for Klebsiella pneumonia Isolated From Different Clinical Sources
Authors: Alwan Ali Hussein , Abas Sura Mouaid
Published: April 2022

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a dangerous pathogens that can cause severe diseases. Theaim of this study is to examine the ability of K.pneumoniae to produce biofilms and therelationships between biofilms formation and antibiotics resistance.This study included isolation of 50 isolates of K.pneumoniae from different clinicalsources from different hospitals in Baghdad city, the number and percentage of isolatesaccording to the sources (urine, blood, sputum, burns, ear swabs, pus, wounds and stool )were 22(44%), 11(22%), 4(8%), 4(8%), 3(6%), 3(6%), 2(4%) and 1(2%) respectively.Antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates was done by vitek 2 compact system using antibitics (amikicin, azteronam, cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, impenem,meropenem, minocycline, piperacillin, piperacillin/ tazobactam, ticracillin, tobaromycin andtrimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole).The obtained results showed that the antibiotics amikicin, impenem and meropenemwere more effective against the isolates. On other hand, the isolates showed different ability toproduce biofilms according to the clincal sources was test by using two methods (Congo-redagar methods-CRA- and Tissue culture plate methods-TCP-), the results showed that thepercentages of isolates formed biofilms in (CRA) 72% produce biofilms and 20% nonproductive and 8% non-specific. The percentages by TCP methods were 80% producebiofilms and 20% was not able to form biofilms. Higher production of biofilms isolates wereexposed to Ciprofloxacin and Meropenem to make a comparison the antibiotic resistancebetween planktonic and biofilms producers isolates, the results showed that the resistance toantibiotics became 10 times higher than planktonic isolates.Form this study we can conclude that K.pneumoniae could be isolated from differentssources (that were multi-drug resistant) had the ability to produce biofilm in differentmethods
Detection of Nicotine in Equisetum arvense Grown Naturally in Iraq
Authors: Al-Badri Haider B. , Al-Ani Widad M.K. , Naser Abdul Mutalib A.G
Published: April 2022

Equisetum arvense L, Family: Equisetaceae, common name hoarse tails. The plant is used traditionally to stop bleeding, heal ulcers and wounds, and treat tuberculosis and kidney problems.

            The new approach is the investigation of cytotoxic and anti HIV activities of this plant. The aerial part of the plant was extracted to investigate the presence of alkaloids in it. Powdered plant was macerated with 2N HCl overnight.

            The alkaloids were detected with Dragendorrf reagent and were found to be one spot. Investigation of the extracted alkaloids using GC/MS reveal the presence of nicotine as the single alkaloids found in the plant.
The Role of Biofilms Produced by Streptococcus Pneumoniae Isolated from Patients with Upper Respiratory Infections on Avoiding Innate Immunity
Authors: Alwan Ali Hussein
Published: April 2022

Phagocytosis has been recognized as an important mechanism of the human innate immune response against infections .The aim of this experiment is to test the effect of biofilms produced by Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates as a cause agent of serious infections isolated from children in some Iraqi patients on avoiding some innate immunity aspects in vivo.

Twenty five isolates obtained from sputum of children diagnosed with upper respiratory infections. Two methods were used to detect the ability of biofilms formation, Congo red agar and Tissue Culture Plate (CRA,TCP) on the other hand the capacity to resist some innate immunity mechanisms was evaluated by testing the Percentage of killing, Opsonization factor and phagocytic index.

 The results revealed different ability of isolates to form biofilms. 18(72%) producer by CRA, 16(64%) by TCP while 5(20%) weak by CRA and 9(36%) weak by TCP which reflected the different ability to affect by innate immunity as showed in the statistical analysis findings (P-value 0.05) that some isolates appeared strong ability to produce biofilms resisted the innate immunity mechanisms such as isolate numbered 22 showed 32% Bactericidal assay, 20% opsonization and 28% phagocytic index, while some others was sensitive and killed by innate immunity cells.

From the results of this study it can be concluded that the Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates differed in their ability to form biofilms, the important factor in the avoiding some innate immunity aspects and high resistant.
The Effect of Vitamin C and Antacid Tablets (SDI) on the Pharmacokinetics of Aspirin Tablets (SDI) in Human
Authors: Ibraheem Al-Tamimi Jaafar Jaber , Altaii Rihab A J. , Ali Wedad K.
Published: April 2022

The study explored the effect of vitamin c and antacid on the pharmacokinetics of aspirin in human subjects.

 The study was conducted in 12 healthy adults volunteers who were asked to take in the first study, two tablets of aspirin (300 mg) alone. In a second study, the same subjects were given  two tablets of aspirin (300 mg) together with one tablet of vitamin c 500 mg. Eventually, in the third study,  the subjects were administered  two tablets of aspirin (300 mg) and one capsule containing NaHCO3 (500 mg). The three studies were separated by one week wash out period.

 In each study, urine was collected from each individual participated in the study at specific time intervals for up to24 hours post dosing to calculate the cumulative amount of salicylate excreted in urine. The excretion rate was plotted against the mid-time sampling time to calculate the elimination rate constant (K), and the elimination half-life (T0.5).

 It was found from the current investigation that administration of vitamin c tablet with aspirin tablets reduce (K) values and elongate T0.5, whereas, NaHCO3 intake elevate K values and reduce T0.5 in all subjects participated in the study.

            It can be concluded from the current investigation that administration of weak acid drugs like vitamin c, or weak base drugs like antacid have considerable effect on the residence of aspirin in the body and consequently its intensity and duration of clinical effect.
Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of the blessed thistle (Cnicus benedictus L.)
Authors: Yasin Youssef Shakuri , Hussian Shalal Murad , Rahem Saleh M.
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study is to investigate the activity of the ethanolic extract of Cnicus benedictus L. on pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli , Bacillus pumillus , Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus . In the clinical significance of these characteristics being causing the infections . The results of this study are showed that the ethanol extract of leaves has an affective impact by inhibiting the growth of these microorganisms in Vitro. The highest rate of inhibition of the ethanol extract for the leaves against Bacillus pumillus is reached to (18) mm at the concentration (75) mg/ml, but the least inhibition is (9) at the concentration (25)mg/ml compared to the inhibition of the both antibiotics Gentamicin (CN) (18)mm and Ceftriaxone (CRO) (Zero)mm as control, Whereas the (MIC) for Staph.aureus is reached to (13) mm at the concentration (25)mg/ml compared to the both antibiotics (CRO) and (CN) respectively (19 and 6)mm. The results also showed that the (MIC) to inhibit the  E.coli is (8)mm at concentration (50)mg/ml compared to the both antibiotics (CRO) and (CN) respectively (Zero and Zero)mm whereas the (MIC) to inhibit Micrococcus bacteria is  (11)mm at the concentration (25)mg/ml compared to the two antibiotics (CRO) and (CN)  respectively (22 and 27 )mm. The results shown that the ethanol extract for the leaves has a significant inhibitory effect against some species of pathological bacteria using in the study.  In addition, the results of the primary chemical investigation are indicated that the ethanol  extract of the Cnicus benedictus L. leaves contained many active compounds alkaloids ,  flavonoids , Phenoles , tannins and the terpenes.
Seroprevalence of Rubella virus and cytomegalovirus infections in infertile women in Baghdad city
Authors: Al-Tamimi Abbas Arrak Abbas
Published: April 2022

Infertility in women ranked the eighth highest serious global disability and thus the need for health care is conventional to the rights of personal with disability. Infectious agents can impair reproduction as well as many important human vital functions. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Rubella viruses are the commonest viral infections in prenatal period and they are the leading causes for congenital infections that may ends with fetal death and spontaneous abortion. This study was constructed on infertile women attendingAbdull-Majeed private hospital in Baghdad of the period from 6/2014 to 11/2015. Eighty-five infertile women aged from 18 -40 years tested for the presence of recent or past infection with cytomegalovirus or rubella virus. Another forty-two pregnant women with no history of abortion were included as normal control. For the purpose of comparison, cases were distributed on two age groups. Both groups were tested for the presence of anti-CMV and anti-rubella antibodies, IgM and IgG by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (mono bind Microplate reader awareness, US). About 54.1% of infertile women found to be infected with CMV compared to 60.2% of normal control, while 34.1% of infertile women found to be infected with Rubella virus compared to 42.8% of normal control. Absence of anti-rubella IgG (indicator of past infection or vaccination) in 69.4% of infertile women compared to 62.9% of normal control
Studying of Phytochemical, Nutritive values and Antioxidant ability of Commiphora myrrha
Authors: AL-Samarrai Othman Rashid
Published: April 2022

The present study deals with the phytochemical, nutritional, mineral contents and in vitro antioxidant activity of Commiphora myrrha. Preliminary phytochemical result indicate that the plant contain phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, alkaloids, terpenoids and quinines. Secondary Metabolites has been estimate quantitatively, the highest concentration of tannins 3677.1 ±2.15 mg/100g and then for alkaloids 1880 mg/100g, sterols 155.215 ±1.00 mg/100g, and Flavonoids 47.266 ±0.013 mg/100g and phenolic compounds 30.647 ±2.481 mg/100g. Nutritional Profiling, minerals and antioxidant activity were determined. Flavonoids and glycosides isolated were exhibited lower reducing power and scavenging ability than ascorbic acid
The inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus on siderophore production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (in vitro).
Authors: Hasan Ali Murtatha
Published: April 2022

Probiotic are alive microorganisms presented in food and dietary supplements, probiotics beneficially affect the individual by improving the intestinal microbial balance properties . This study revealed anew pathway of siderophore attenuation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, using Lactobacillus. Out of forty P. aeruginosa isolates , 20 isolates were siderophore produced , Cell free supernatant (CFS) and Cell free culture (CFC) of Lactobacillus the antimicrobial agent were able to produce zones of inhibition against P. aeruginosa growth in average (8-15 mm) and (9-15 mm) by CFS and CFC respectively .These antimicrobial agent also were able to attenuate the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa by prevent its ability to siderophore production.
Patterns of Poisoning Cases Reported in the Baghdad Poisoning Control Center during 2014
Authors: Alhaddad Hasan Alhaddad
Published: April 2022

Poisoning is an important clinical emergency and represents a major contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, early diagnosis and management of poisoning significantly affect mortality and morbidity as well as health care costs. Understanding the characteristic of poisoning cases is important for treatment. The present study investigated the characteristic of poisoning cases in Baghdad Poisoning Control Center (PCC). Data on all poisoning cases reported in Baghdad PCC during 2014 were retrospectively obtained from the medical records. A total of 804 reports of poisoning caseswere analyzed according to geographical distribution, age of victims, gender, the type and class of poisoning agent, and the follow up after poisoning. The results of this study showed thenecessity to continue collecting data of patients admitted to emergency departments and poisoning control centers andaddress the main obstacles facing the management of poisoning cases and decrease morbidity and mortality.
The Role of IL-18, TNF-α and hs-CRP among Iraqi psoriatic Patients and their Correlation with Disease Severity
Authors: Jasim Suzan Yousif
Published: April 2022

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by number of immune regulatory abnormalities. Cytokines are small, biologically highly active proteins that regulate the growth, function, and differentiation of cells and help directing the immune response and inflammation, contribute to the induction or persistence of the inflammatory processes in psoriasis. Intensive research is ongoing to understand the mechanisms involved in the development of psoriasis and offer new treatment options for patients suffering from this disease.This study was conducted to evaluate serum IL-18, TNF-α and hs-CRP levels among Iraqi psoriatic patients and to assess their relation to disease severity depending on Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). A 65 patients with psoriasis (42 females and 23 males), with mean age (35±13) years old, and 25 apparently healthy volunteers (15 females and 10 males) with no symptoms or history of psoriasis or other allergic or skin disorders (control group) were conducted in this study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the severity of their psoriasis, 20 cases diagnosed as moderate psoriasis (PASI ˂ 15) and 45 cases diagnosed as severe (PASI ≥ 15).The results demonstrated significant elevation of IL-18, TNF-α and hs-CRP levels in both groups of psoriatic patients compared with control group, and a significant positive linear correlation was found between IL-18, hs-CRP and severity of the disease.These results identify IL-18 and hs-CRP as mediators in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and can be considered as useful markers to assess psoriasis and may be considered as useful follow-up markers for monitoring patients with psoriasis.
randomized, single dose, two treatment, two period, crossover bioequivalence study of cefixime (as trihydrate) suspension in healthy participants comparing Acacime® suspension produced by ACAI / Iraq to Suprax® suspension produced by Hikma / Jordan
Authors: Al-Shathar Ahmad Ismail , Aziz Samir Hasson
Published: April 2022

Formulation of drugs affects their access into human body, thus bioequivalence studies are conducted to assess therapeutic equivalence between medicines which are produced by different manufacturers. In this study, bioequivalence of two cefixime formulations as powder for suspension, Acacime® manufactured by Arab Co. for Antibiotics Industries (ACAI) / Iraq, and Suprax®, manufactured by the Jordanian Co., Hikma, is tested. Twenty-four subjects had participated in the study which was designed as, a randomized, single dose, two period, crossover study. Cefixime concentrations in plasma were measured by validated bioanalytical method, using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. The determined pharmacokinetics parameters were Cmax, AUC0–t and AUC0–∞ for cefixime. The mean results obtained for Acacime® and Suprax® were, for C max: 2.736 and 2.395 µg/ml, for AUC0–t: 16.787 and 16.579 µg/ml*h and, for AUC0–∞: 21.011 and 21.685 µg/ml*h, respectively. The 90% confidence intervals for AUC0-t, AUC0-∞ and Cmax were 92.3 – 110.8%, 84.8 – 102.7% and 96.3 – 117.9% respectively. This study revealed that both products were comparable in efficacy and safety, so they are considered as bioequivalent products and can be used interchangeably. الخلاصة
DetectionOf genesResponsible for BiofilmsFormedby Klebsiella pneumoniaeandEsherichia coliand their effect on innate immunity
Authors: Alwan Ali Hussein , Khwen Noor Naeem
Published: April 2022

Biofilms as a major virulence factor of bacteria ,therelationship between bacteria persistence in the urinary tract and genes responsible for biofilms production was studied. The aim is to detect the presence,frequency of  the,fimA, fimH, mrkA  and  mrkD, genes  and biofilms production in two species isolated from UTI patients and their effect on some innate immunity aspects. Sixty five isolates of E.coli  and fifty of K.pneumoniae isolates were collected. All isolates were initially diagnosed  as genus Esherichiacoli andKlebsiella pneumonia. Final identification for the isolates was done by Vitek 2 compact system. The ability to form biofilm was carried out by using Tissue culture plate method (TCP).Adhesion average to epithelial cells of E.coli and K.pneumoniae was studied. Detection of genes were done to   by using PCR technique . Immunological experiments were done by using bactericidal activity and opsonization factor. UTI infection were more common in female than male. 75% (49/65) females, 25%(16/65)  males ofE.coli isolates and 88% (44/50) females,12%(6/50) males of K.pneumoniaeisolates. Patients ages in children between (2 months -18years) in UTI  caused by E.coli was 35%(23/65) while in k.pneumoniae was 74%(37/50),Ages between (18 years-50 years) in E.coli was 37%(24/65) while in K.pneumoniae was 18%(9/50) finally,Ages between (50 years-72years) in E.coli was 28%(18/65) while in K.pneumoniae was 8%(4/50).69% of E.coli isolates and 72% of k.pneumoniae isolates were higher biofilm producers. . Adhesion average to epithial cells of E.coli and K.pneumoniae was 42.9% and 44% respectively. Both E.coli and K.pneumoniae showed that 100% 0f the 12 isolate harbored the fimA, fimH, mrkA and mrkD genes.  The bactericidal average was higher in E.coli than K.pneumoniae  , P- value( 0.01)  for mice injected with fimbriae,  Opsonization  factor  was higher in E.coli than K.pneumoniae the P value (0.05) .                           Conclusion: A strong relationship between biofilms production and presence of genes of different species isolated from same clinical source that has effected on resistance of bacteria to innate immunity.
Significance of Serum Soluble Fas (sFas/CD95) and Tumor Necrosis Factor- Alpha (TNF-α) in Radiologically Diagnosed Patients with Uterine Leiomyoma
Authors: Al Hadithi Hayfaa Salman , Mohammed2 Nadia Hameed
Published: April 2022

Leiomyoma is a common benign tumor of female reproductive system arising from the smooth muscle cells of uterus. About 17.8% of females in 40s age group and 77% of hysterectomies found to have leiomyoma. It affects females in reproductive age and cause pelvic pain, abortion, infertility, menorrhagia which in some cases ends by hysterectomy. In this study the extrinsic apoptotic pathway was evaluated in patients with uterine leiomyoma by measuring serum soluble Fas (sFas) and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNFα) in both patients and control healthy women. Forty patients with leiomyoma from 22-52 years old were involved in this study. Forty apparently healthy, their ages matched volunteers were selected as a control. Four ml of venous blood sample was obtained from each, serum was separated and serum concentration of sFas and TNFα measured using ELISA technique. There was a highly significant increase in serum concentration of TNF-α in patients with leiomyoma (mean 0.579pg/ml ± SE 0.039) than control group (mean 0.120pg/ml ± SE 0.007), also there was a highly significant increase in serum concentration of sFas of patient (mean 0.326pg/ml ± SE 0.028) compared to control healthy subjects (mean 0.126pg/ml ± 0.025). Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve for determination of TNFα and sFas cutoff value shows that TNFα has cutoff value of ≥0.220pg/ml with 97.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity for leiomyoma and accuracy rate of 99.6%. The sFas cutoff value is ≥0.154pg/ml with 80% sensitivity and 82.5% specificity for leiomyoma and accuracy rate of 87.4%.
Effect of different mucoadhesive polymers on release of ondansetron HCl from intranasal mucoadhesive in situ gel
Authors: Maraie Nidhal K. , Almajidi Yasser Qasim
Published: April 2022

The aim of this work was to promote an intranasal mucoadhesive drug allocation system to simplify the systemic delivery of ondansetron HCL (OND-HCl) for the immediate and sustain prevention of repeated nausea and vomiting caused by the initial and repeated courses of anticancer therapy. An in situ gel dosage form was used to raise the permanence time and hence the absorption of OND-HCl from nasal mucosa. Temperature stimulated in situ gel formulations were intended by cold method using polymers like kolliphor 407, chitosan and HPMC E15. A mixture of polysorbate 20 and ethanol (1: 2 ratio) was used as solvent to dissolve the drug. The pH of in situ gel solution was measured to pH range (4.5-6.5). The six in situ gel formulas were characterized for gelation temperature, pH, viscosity, drug content, mucoadhesion and dissolution release .The temperatures of conversion of all the formulas solution to gel were within the range of 30–43ºC. The drug content of all six in situ gel formulas showed drug content uniformity (99.15–99.76%). Dissolution release of the drug from in situ gel formulas showed immediate and sustained release features with Higuchi model and zero order model mechanisms
Phytochemical and anti bacterial studies of leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis cultivated in Karbala, Iraq.
Authors: Tawfeeq Amani A. , Mahdi Monther F. , Abaas Ibrahim S. , Alwan Ali Hussein
Published: April 2022

Rosmarinus officinalis is one of the important bioactive medicinal plants belongs to labiatae family. The aim is to identifying the essential oil and rosmarinic acid extracted from rosemary leaves and to evaluate its anti bacterial activity. Gas Chromatography-Mass analysis was performed for essential oil of rosemary and HPTLC analysis was done for 90% methanolic extract of rosemary leaves. Rosmarinic acid was detected and The essential oil content was 1.5% and characterized with high amount of 1,8 cineol (53.63%) . The zone of inhibition of some bacteria was estimated. Our findings showed that rosemary leaves has Good percentage of rosemary phytochemicals (essential oil and rosmarinic acid) and has significant antibacterial activity against different species of bacteria.
β- Cell function in a sample of Iraqi Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Isam Noori Salman
Authors: Salman Isam Noori
Published: April 2022

Back ground: Type 2 diabetes is mostly due to impaired β-cell mass and dysfunction which expressed by Insulin secretion, sensitivity and resistance.

Aim of study: to evaluate β- cell function in newly diagnosed and ongoing diabetics.

Method: Eighty eight subjects enrolled in this study with age range (30-59) years, (20) healthy individuals as controls group with mean age (42.95±9.80) years. (68) Diabetic Patients was divided into two groups, (26) newly diagnosed diabetic, mean age (45.81±8.16) years and (42) ongoing diabetics, mean age (49.33±6.64) year. "Fasting glucose", "lipid profile", "glycosylated hemoglobin", "C-peptide levels" were evaluated. Insulin secretion, sensitivity and resistance "HOMA B %", "HOMA S %"and "HOMA IR" respectively were estimated by "Homeostasis Model Assessment" "HOMA2 calculator program".

Results:"Insulin secretion" and "sensitivity" were found to be lower (P 0.001) in both groups of diabetes than that controls, while a high level of insulin resistance in both diabetic groups than controls (P>0.0001)."C-peptide" level is higher in "newly diagnosed" diabetics than" ongoing diabetics" and controls (p˂0.0001).

Conclusion: Patients with low c- peptide level has poor insulin reserve and may need insulin while patients with high level of c- peptide have good insulin reserve and not need insulin to control his blood glucose.
Historical Review of the Penicillin and Related Compounds (β – Lactams)
Authors: Abd Luma Salman
Published: April 2022

In spite of  the old age of beta lactam, they continue to provide good health and preventing human diseases by virtue of  industrial production and discoveries of small new beta-lactam group of secondary metabolite.  Antibiotic resistance in bacteria has become a serious problem worldwide therefore, the present survey discusses the event that occurred in the progress of the  penicillin, and beta-lactam from discovery to implementation as a therapeutic agent in order to overcome this issue .  Moreover, this review provides a descriptive overview of the various published ways to enhance the clinical effectiveness of beta-lactam antibiotics and the methods that lead to synthesis of beta-lactam ring.
Effect of General and Spinal Anesthesia on Hepatic and Renal functions and Hemodynamic parameters of Iraqi Women Undergo Cesarean Section: Comparative Study
Authors: Mohammed Ola K. , Alabbassi Mustafa Ghazi , Aldujaili Alaa Abdul-Mehdi , Shakoor Dalia Abd Alkader , Bakir Almoossawi Mohanned Mohammed
Published: April 2022

Both general and spinal anesthesia can be use during caesarean section. Spinal anesthesia is preferred by anesthesiologists and gynecologists because of its beneficial effects for both mothers and their fetuses. They were not affecting the creatinine level but affecting only on elevation of liver enzymes. Spinal anesthesia effect on hemodynamic parameters more than general anesthesia, and it causes less operative blood loss than general anesthesia.
Study the Annealing Effect on Electrical properties of (As0.5Se0.5) doped With Tellurium
Authors: Al-Wardy Rusul Adnan
Published: April 2022

During this work, the study of electrical properties of (As0.5Se0.5 doped with 1%Te) thin films which prepared by thermal vacuum evaporation on glass substrate bases at room temperature with (100±20)nm thickness, deposition rate (1.6nm/s) and study effect of annealing at temperatures (Ta) (348,398 and448)K for (30min) on these properties. The X-ray diffraction pattern showed that all prepared films have amorphous structure. The electrical measurements explain that D.C. conductivity increases as annealing temperature (Ta) increases and all films have two values of activation energy (Ea1) and (Ea2) and found that it decrease when (Ta) increases. From study Hall effect, all samples showed (p-type) and carrier’s concentration (p) increase while it's mobility decreases with increasing of (Ta). From measurements of thermoelectric power showed that the thermal activation energy (Es) smaller than the D.C. conductivity (Ea2) and (Es) decrease as (Ta) increase.