bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural, dielectric and magnetic properties of Sb/Cr-doped CaCu3Ti4O12 quadruple perovskite oxides
Authors: Ding Jie , Zhu Xinhua
Published: January 2025

Driven by the miniaturization of microelectronic devices and their multifunctionalities, the development of new quadruple-perovskite oxides with high dielectric constants and high Curie temperature are highly required. Herein, we report on the structural, dielectric and magnetic properties of Sb/Cr-doped CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) quadruple perovskite oxides, CaCu3Ti3.9Sb0.1O12 (CCTSO) and CaCu3Ti3CrO12 (CCTCO). Structural Rietveld refinements demonstrated that the CCTO, CCTSO, and CCTCO ceramics adopted a cubic crystal structure (Im

3
¯

 

space group). They exhibited spherical shapes with nearly uniform particle sizes. XPS spectra clarified Cu3+ ions in the CCTSO ceramics, while Cu2+ and Cu+ ions, and Cr3+ ions in the CCTCO ceramics. All the ceramic samples displayed nearly frequency independent dielectric behaviors at low temperatures but a relaxor dielectric behavior at high temperatures. Such relaxor dielectric behavior in the CCTO and CCTSO ceramics was ascribed to the movement of doubly ionized oxygen vacancies but in the CCTCO ceramics to the movement of singly ionized oxygen vacancies. Impedance and modulus spectra reveal the significance contributions of grains and grain boundaries with non-Debye behavior. At room temperature (RT) the dielectric constant (ϵ
r) and dielectric loss (tanδ) of CCTO ceramics at 1 kHz were 15 922 and 0.126, respectively. An order reduction of tanδ was achieved in the CCTSO ceramics. In the CCTCO ceramics, the ϵ
r and tanδ at RT and 1 kHz were 975 and 0.453, respectively. The CCTCO powders exhibited antiferroelectric behavior at 2 K with a saturation magnetization (M
S) of 1.42 μ
B/f.u., while the M
S for the CCTSO powders was only 0.027 μ
B/f.u. All ceramic samples exhibited semiconductor characteristics owing to their continuous decreases of resistivity from 2 K to 800 K. Our present work demonstrates an effective route to tuning the dielectric and magnetic properties of CCTO oxides via B-site non-magnetic/magnetic ion-doping.
A laser tracking attitude dynamic measurement method based on real-time calibration and AEKF with a multi-factor influence analysis model
Authors: Xiong Zhi , Dong Jiale , Guo Zhengnan , Jia Xiaodong , Zhai Zhongsheng , Zhao Ziyue , Dong Dengfeng , Zhou Weihu
Published: January 2025

To address the limitations of six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) visual tracking systems in terms of low dynamic performance and the inability to perform measurements under light occlusion, this paper proposes a novel laser tracking attitude dynamic measurement method integrating vision and inertial measurement unit (IMU). A tailored real-time calibration model is developed to enable precise alignment of the vision and IMU coordinate systems during dynamic operations. To overcome the limitations of extended Kalman filter (EKF) that rely on static noise assumptions in complex dynamic measurement scenarios, this study proposes an adaptive mechanism based on multi-factor influence analysis. Through dynamic monitoring of visual observation noise, an adaptive EKF algorithm is designed to enhance performance under varying conditions. When integrated into a vision/IMU fusion system, the algorithm significantly enhances the system’s sensitivity to variations in visual sensor observation noise caused by changes in lighting and motion states. This capability allows rapid adjustment of filtering parameters, leading to substantial improvements in filtering accuracy and stability. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms traditional EKF in fusion measurement accuracy when tested in simulated noise environments featuring sinusoidal and random jump signals. Furthermore, the fusion measurement accuracy is mainly influenced by the data density of the visual sensor and the measurement distance. Finally, the proposed method was validated on a precision turntable. Experimental results reveal that at a 3 m measurement distance and within a 0°–25° angular range, when the turntable rotates at a constant speed of 5°/s along a single axis, the maximum absolute deviation in repeatability of the fused attitude measurements was below 0.11°, and the system is capable of achieving a high measurement frequency of 100 Hz.
Analysis and assessment of multi-GNSS inter-system bias (ISB) and its benefit on real-time precise point positioning
Authors: Yang Yuze , Jiao Guoqiang , Su Ke
Published: January 2025

To meet the high demand for convergence speed in real-time precise point positioning (RTPPP), this paper comprehensively considers both satellite clock offset services and the PPP user perspective, deriving the inter-system bias (ISB) in detail. Using the precise satellite clock offset products from Wuhan University along with self-computed products, we analyze the datum issues related to satellite clock offsets/ISB, taking into account the effects of daily boundary changes, and propose a reliable ISB product workflow. We examine the statistical characteristics of ISB for different receiver types, highlighting their potential to enhance RTPPP performance as prior constraints. Experimental results indicate that after datum unification, the discontinuity of ISB caused by daily boundary issues can be avoided; the ISB values for the same type of receivers are closely aligned, and the statistical characteristics of ISB remain stable. When utilizing ISB products as prior constraints in the Global Positioning System + BeiDou Navigation Satellite System dual-system RTPPP, the root mean square and convergence time in the East-Up-North direction improve by 18%, 10%, 2%, 8%, 3%, and 1% compared to the original PPP, respectively. For the Global Positioning System + Galileo navigation satellite system, the corresponding improvements are 28%, 26%, 17%, 39%, 31%, and 17%.
Percolation theory-based KMC simulation for scaled Fe-FET based multi-bit computing-in-memory with temperature compensation strategy
Authors: Zhu Qingxiao , Xu Lihua , Zhou Zhidao , Wei Wei , Xv Pan , Dou Chunmeng , Wang Lingfei , Luo Qing , Li Ling
Published: January 2025

In this letter, we investigate the impact of percolation transport mechanisms on ferroelectric field effect transistor (FeFET) multi-value storage with kinetic Monte-Carlo (KMC) simulation considering aspect ratio and temperature dependencies. It is found that the portion of the ferroelectric polarization, which dominates the threshold voltage shift of the FeFET, increases when aspect ratio of device decreases. Moreover, randomness of percolation path formation and variations of equivalent conductance can be suppressed, indicating mitigation of device-to-device variations and enhancement of separation of individual states. Besides, to further investigate an amorphous channel promising in multi-bit applications, disorder effects in channel contribute to intrinsic percolation transport, coupling with multi-domain dynamics in Fe-layer, are studied by the high temperature characterization. On this basis, the KMC scheme is further modified to predict multi-value distribution from 300 K to 400 K. To tackle such critical reliability issues induced inaccuracy for in-memory computing (CIM), an efficient write-verify scheme is proposed to mitigate state overlapping and provide in-depth insights for co-design of device reliability and multi-bit CIM performances.
Optimized design of self-powered SSHI interface circuit for enhanced vibration energy harvesting
Authors: Zhang Bin , Yang Guang , Hu Bingxin , Xiong Yeping , Zhou Shengxi
Published: January 2025

Vibrational energy in ambient environment can be transformed into electrical power through piezoelectric energy harvesters and using synchronized switch harvesting on inductor (SSHI) techniques can significantly improve energy extraction efficiency. To enhance energy harvesting efficiency, this study proposes an efficient self-powered parallel SSHI (ESP-PSSHI) interface circuit. It enhances the passive peak detection switch, simplifies the circuit topology, reduces switching delay, and minimizes the ‘second inversion’, contributing to increased energy harvesting efficiency. To improve the impedance-matching characteristics of the circuit, the proposed circuit is combined with a DC–DC converter module and finally, a stable electrical output is achieved. The performance of the ESP-PSSHI circuit in power generation is analyzed through simulation and subsequently verified via experimentation. Experiments show that the maximum output power of the ESP-PSSHI circuit is 2.42 and 1.16 times higher than the output power of the standard energy harvesting circuit and self-powered parallel SSHI (SP-PSSHI) circuit, respectively. Through capacitor charging experiments, it is concluded that the output power of the optimized ESP-PSSHI circuit is 1.5 times the output power of the LTC3588-1 circuit.
3D printable, high energy-absorbing, biomimetic and fractal antler structures
Authors: Zhao Bo , Liu Yuheng , Lu Haibao , Tao Ran
Published: January 2025

This paper developed a new approach to construct geometrically configured biomimetic antler structures, through iterative design processes and finite element simulations, and revealed how such geometric parameters and iteration times influenced their energy absorption and Poisson’s ratios. Such developed biomimetic and fractal antler structures demonstrated significantly improved energy absorption capability under compression, with the design of structural parameters R, N and k, the specific energy absorptions have been increased by 14.4% to 66.8%. And their deformation behaviors were theoretically explained within elastic and small deformations. Accuracy of the obtained simulation and theoretical analysis results were verified through experimental studies. The novel modeling establishing method based on fractal geometry can. This research establishes an effective approach to design the complex structures using fractal geometry and a few variables of structural parameters. It is expected to provide new insights into deformation behavior of high energy-absorption biomimetic and fractal structures and offers theoretical guidance for their engineering designs of structural parameters.
An evolutionary design method for magnetically-actuated origami soft robots
Authors: Cui Chaoyu , Zhang HongChuan , Wang Rixin , Zhu Benliang , Yang Lixin , Zhang Xianmin
Published: January 2025

Magnetically-actuated origami soft robots (MAOSRs) have attracted substantial attention owing to their inherent merits, such as the ability for remote actuation, high flexibility, and fast response. However, the design of existing MAOSRs primarily relies on a trial-and-error approach, which is highly influenced by the expertise of researchers. The existing designs of MAOSRs mainly consist of conventional crease pattern and straightforward magnetization distributions, restricting the capacity of MAOSRs. To enable the programmed automatic design of MAOSRs that integrates the structure and actuation elements, we propose an evolutionary design framework in this work. The proposed method effectively tackles the optimal design of MAOSRs by concurrently considering the crease pattern, material mechanical properties, remnant magnetization distribution, and applied magnetic field. Two representative design problems, including shape-programming and maximizing target output under magnetic response, have been used to verify the applicability of the design method. Three sets of optimization cases and experiments, including a shape-programming origami arm, and the well-known chomper-based and square twist-based patterns, have been conducted to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method. Finally, pick-and-place and obstacle avoidance experiments were performed to evaluate the performance of the designed square-twist gripper.
Integrable deformations of the flat space sigma model
Authors: Idiab Khalil
Published: January 2025

We explore a deformation of the flat space symmetric space sigma model action. The deformed action is designed to allow a Lax connection for the equations of motion, similar to the undeformed model. For this to work, we identify a set of constraints that the deformation operator, which is incorporated into the action, must fulfil. After defining the deformation, we explore simple solutions to these constraints and describe the resulting deformed backgrounds. Specifically, we find flat space in Cartesian coordinates with arbitrary constant H-flux or linear H-flux in a light cone coordinate. Additionally, we find the Nappi-Witten background along with various Nappi-Witten-like backgrounds with near arbitrary constant H-flux. Finally, we discuss the symmetries of the deformed models, finding that the deformed symmetries will always include a set of symmetries that in the undeformed limit becomes the total set of translations.
High-performance broadband photodetectors based on MnSe/SnS2 heterojunction
Authors: Li Kunle , Zhao Shuting , Chen Tong , Li Weijie , Zhao Yu
Published: January 2025

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as promising candidates for broadband photodetectors due to their unique optoelectronic properties. However, intrinsic defects and limited spectral response hinder their practical applications. In this study, we developed a novel 2D heterojunction photodetector by combining non-layered p-type MnSe nanosheets with layered n-type SnS2 flakes. The MnSe nanosheets were synthesized using chemical vapor deposition, while the SnS2 flakes were obtained through mechanical exfoliation. The fabricated MnSe/SnS2 heterojunction device exhibited rectifying behavior with an impressive on/off current ratio over 5000. Remarkably, the photodetector demonstrated a broad spectral response ranging from ultraviolet to near-infrared (405–1060 nm), achieving an exceptionally high responsivity of 10 A W−1, a detectivity of 3.06 × 1010 Jones, and an external quantum efficiency of 3068%. The enhanced performance was attributed to the type-II band alignment and built-in potential of the heterojunction, which facilitated effective separation of photogenerated carriers. Furthermore, the device exhibited significant photovoltaic characteristics, enabling self-powered imaging in visible range. This study highlights the potential of 2D non-layered materials in combination with traditional 2D layered materials for the development of high-performance, broadband photodetectors with improved efficiency and self-powered capabilities.
Dielectric barrier discharge air plasma as a comprehensive disinfection approach to E. coli and S. aureus biofilm management
Authors: Udachin Viktor , Dahle Sebastian , Fink Rok
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to assess the potential of Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) cold atmospheric air plasma for E. coli and S. aureus biofilm management. The bacterial biofilms were grown on stainless-steel coupons and treated with plasma for 1 and 5 min. The results indicate the reduction of E. coli and S. aureus up to 4.3 log CFU ml−1 and 3.3 log CFU ml−1, respectively. The optical emission spectroscopy (OES) shows a possible presence of OH and O species as well as the abundance of N2 and N2
+ features in the plasma. Furthermore, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed changes in wavelengths that are specific for carbohydrates, lipids and proteins when biofilms are treated with plasma for 5 min. This effect was also confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as carbon species were decreased after plasma treatment whereas phosphorus and potassium were increased due to release from destructed cell wall. Furthermore, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) shows the effect of removing biofilm from the surface, where this effect was the most predominant for 5 min plasma treatment. All in all, our study demonstrates that DBD atmospheric air plasma can effectively reduce biofilm viability due to the presence of reactive nitrogen and possible oxygen species within a phase. Moreover, the applied treatment resulted in the successful eradication of biofilms on the surface of stainless-steel coupons.
Efficient hole extraction by doped-polyaniline/graphene oxide in lead-free perovskite solar cell: a computational study
Authors: Jalaludin Nabilah Ahmad , Salehuddin Fauziyah , Rahim Farah Liyana , Mustafa Ahmad Nizamuddin , Kaharudin Khairil Ezwan , Islam Mohammad Aminul , Amin Nowshad , Arith Faiz
Published: January 2025

The intriguing behavior of doped polyanilinine/graphene oxide (PANI/GO) offers a solution to the pivotal problem of device stability against moisture in perovskite solar cell (PSC). Tunable bandgap formation of doped PANI/GO with an absorber layer allows effective flexibility for charge carrier conduction and reduced series resistance further boosting the cell performance. Herein, the L9 Orthogonal Array (OA) Taguchi-based grey relational analysis (GRA) optimization was introduced to intensify the key output responses. Furthermore, this work also delved into incorporating a Pb-free absorber perovskite layer, formamidinium tin triiodide (FASnI3), and concomitantly eluding the environmentally hazardous substance. The numerical optimization supported by statistical analysis is based on experimental data to attain the utmost peak cell efficiency. Taguchi’s L9 OA-based GRA predictive modeling recorded over one-fold enhancement over experimental results, reaching as high as 20.28% power conversion efficiency (PCE). Despite that, the PCE of the structures is severely affected by interface defects at the electron transport layer/absorber (ETL/Abs) vicinity, which is almost zero at merely 1 × 1014 cm−2, manifesting that control measures need to be taken into account. This work deduces the feasibility of ETL/Abs stack structure in replacing the conventional Pb-based perovskite absorber layer, while maximizing the potential use of doped PANI/GO as a hole transport layer (HTL).
Investigation of magnetic properties in Y3Fe5O12/Cr2O3/Pt tri-layers
Authors: Long Zhipeng , Yu Rui , Cao Jiefeng , Zhu Fangyuan , Meng Xiangyu , Yang Jianzhong , Li Junqin , Wang Yong
Published: January 2025

Artificial multiferroics combining ferroelectric and magnetic materials exhibits a sizable magnetoelectric coupling and further shows a great potential for realizing low power consumption information processing. In this work, hybrid structures consisting of the ferrimagnetic yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12, (YIG)) layer and anti-ferromagnetic chromium oxide (Cr2O3) layer are deposited directly onto (110)-oriented single-crystal Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.7Ti0.3O3 (PMN-PT) ferroelectric substrates by means of radio frequency magnetron sputtering and post-annealing procedures. The dynamical properties of YIG films are investigated via ferromagnetic resonance measurements and a low damping constant of 0.00258 is obtained. Combining the element-specific soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy, x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and x-ray magnetic linear dichroism, the magnetic order in YIG film and the Néel order in Cr2O3 layers are further characterized. By capping a platinum (Pt) layer on PMN-PT/YIG/Cr2O3, a visible spin-charge converted signal has been obtained via both spin pumping and spin Seebeck measurements. These results indicate that the artificial multiferroic structures PMN-PT/YIG/Cr2O3/Pt serve as a promising material platform for realizing an efficient manipulation of magnetism via electrical means.
Correct characteristics curves of Vlasov equation, fully respecting Maxwell equations in plasma kinetic simulation in lagrangian approach
Authors: Lin H , Liu C P
Published: January 2025

We strictly demonstrate that the conflict between ordinary differential equations (ODEs) converted, through characteristic curve method, from one of coupled partial differential equations (PDEs) in Vlasov-Maxwell system and other coupled PDEs arises from inappropriate and habitual choice of one of two classes of characteristic curves and can be overcome by choosing another class. More comprehensive consideration on the characteristic curves of Vlasov equation can warrant kinetic simulation in Lagrangian approach getting rid of a well-known downside which refers to violation of Maxwell equations and continuity equation. This yields a sound/robust scheme of kinetic simulation in Lagrangian approach applicable to study a variety of topics. PACS: 52.65.-y.
Micro-machining of Monel K500 using electrical discharge drilling: insights into hole tapering mechanism and surface morphology
Authors: Debnath Kishore , Dutta Hrishikesh , Chaurasia Satish , Rout Matruprasad , Veeman Dhinakaran
Published: January 2025

Monel K500, a corrosion-resistant nickel-copper alloy, presents machining difficulties because of its hardness and toughness. Consequently, the efficacy of non-conventional machining processes on this material demands investigation. Substantial research on micro-feature manufacturing on Monel K500 utilizing the micro-electrical discharge drilling (MEDD) technique remains unreported. This investigation is an attempt to study the micro-machining performance of Monel K500 while fabricating through-micro-holes using MEDD process. The one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach was adopted to arrive at the optimal combination of voltage (V), capacitance (C), tool speed (TS), and pulse duration (PD) for the best output responses. There is a scarcity of extensive investigations on the tapering mechanism in Monel K500 MEDD, such as the one conducted in this study. The value of material removal rate (MRR) at 160 volts was 7.73 × 10−5 g min−1 with 100 pF capacitance, 200 rpm tool speed, and 5 μs pulse duration. At 220 volts, the MRR increased by 50.06% with the same capacitance, tool speed, and pulse length values, reaching 11.60 × 10−5 g min−1. The values of V, C, TS, and PD corresponding to the optimal combination of MRR (35.68 × 10−5 g min−1) and machining time (MT) (16.19 min) were 220 volts, 10000 pF, 400 rpm, and 20 μs respectively. The micrographs of the machined specimens depicted deviation in hole diameter and the presence of tapering in the though-micro-holes. The study revealed that a micro-hole, machined at low discharge energy (DE), has a smoother surface and more uniform size than one machined at higher DE. Monel K500 is extensively utilized in the aerospace, marine, and chemical sectors because to its superior mechanical qualities and corrosion resistance. A standard set of efficient machining conditions can aid in the accurate manufacturing of Monel K500 components with intricate features via the MEDD process.
Signum-gordon shock waves with spherical symmetry in (2+1) and (3+1) dimensions
Authors: Klimas P , Streibel J S
Published: January 2025

This study introduces novel, exact solutions to the scalar field Signum-Gordon equation that feature a discontinuity near the light cone. These solutions, applicable in higher spatial dimensions (n > 1), extend previous limitations to one dimension. Our chosen ansatz leads to an ordinary equation with exact solutions obtained for n = 2 and 3 spatial dimensions. The shock wave’s energy trapped within the light cone is proportional to the wave’s n-dimensional volume and the field discontinuity at the wavefront. The investigation delves further into the behavior of shock waves when their driving force, represented by a delta function at the light cone, is disabled. Disabling this delta function disrupts energy transfer, preventing the wave’s propagation as predicted by analytical calculations. We identify the region within the light cones where the field remains unaffected. Two-dimensional (n = 2) simulations reveal the formation of intriguing structures upon source removal. These structures include a central, stable feature resembling an oscillon and a surrounding ring that breaks down into smaller oscillations.
Exact solutions and sensitivity analysis for fractional NLSE in Kerr Media using ϕ⁶-model expansion technique
Authors: Mehdi Khush Bukht , Siddique Imran , Faridi Waqas Ali , Ali Rifaqat , nadeem Muhammad , Zulqarnain Rana Muhammad Muhammad
Published: January 2025

The goal of this article is to use the ϕ⁶- - model expansion technique to determine novel exact solutions tothe fractional paraxial nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE) in Kerr media. The ϕ⁶- - model expansiontechnique is a generalized methodology for finding the families of Jacobi elliptic function solutions usingthe fractional paraxial NLSE. Solutions for trigonometric and hyperbolic functions can be obtained whenthe Jacobi elliptic modulus functions approaches one or zero, respectively. The constraint associated witheach attained solution guarantees the existence of the solitary wave solutions. To suggest the significantpropagated structures, several analyzed solutions are established in the practice of contour, 3D, and 2D,plots with precise parameter values and limited conditions. The sensitivity analysis predicts the model’sdependence on the initial conditions. The outcomes that were obtained are more comprehensive and novel,indicating that the used techniques are succinct, simple, and fundamental, and can be expanded to moreintricate phenomena with the aid of symbolic estimates.
Investigation of GAM zonal flows near the pedestal region of H-mode on EAST tokamak
Authors: Feng Xi , Liu AhDi , Zhuang Ge , Zhou Chu , Zou X.L. , Liu HaiQing , Ye Lei , Dai ZongLiang , Long FeiFei , Wang S.X. , Wang L. , Xu L.Q. , Zhao H.L. , Zhang J. , Zhong X.M. , Wang M.Y. , Wang S.F. , Gao L.T. , Shi W.X. , Qiu S.C. , Li L.X. , Feng Y.F. , Chen X.Y. , Zhang Y.Y. , Lan T. , Li H. , Mao W.Z. , Liu Z.X. , Ding W.X. , Xie J.L. , Liu W.D. , Shi Z.B.
Published: January 2025

Geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) is the finite frequency counterpart of zonal flow in toroidal plasmas, which could be excited by and regulate turbulence. This article reports a stationary eigenmode GAM at the inner side of the edge radial electric field contributing to an extreme high confinement plasma with

H

98

>
1.3

. Such GAM could be observed exclusively in the vicinity of the pedestal top, but not in the pedestal region itself, which represents a previously unreported phenomenon. The bicoherence analysis demonstrates a robust interaction between the GAM and quasi coherent mode (QCM). Statistical evidence indicates that GAMs with such characteristics display a proclivity for a large q
95 and low collisionality in all instances of H-mode accompanied by QCM. Based on the Gyro-kinetic simulation, the QCM is the low n trapped electron mode (TEM) and that the GAM is driven by TEM. Furthermore, the simulations show that the amplitude of GAM declines in conjunction with an increase in the collisionality, which is consistent with the experimental statistics. Additionally, the simulations demonstrate that the turbulent transport exhibits a corresponding decrease as GAM amplitude declines, implying that GAM and its interaction with the QCM would play an important role in the stability and confinement enhancement of such H-mode.
Comparative analysis of finishing and polishing procedures on gloss and color stability in bioactive dental resin composites
Authors: Hasanain Fatin A , Turkistani Alaa
Published: January 2025

Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different polishing systems on the color stability of bioactive dental resin composites compared to a conventional composite. Materials and Methods. Two different bioactive dental resin composites (Beautifil Flow Plus F00 and Activa Presto) along with a nanohybrid composite (Filtek Z250 XT) were tested. A total of 20 samples per material were prepared and divided into four groups as per polishing protocol: Sof-Lex Diamond, Jiffy and TorVm polishing systems as well as a control group without polishing. A spectrophotometer was used to measure the color parameters before and after immersion in a coffee solution for 12 days. The color change (ΔE00) was calculated after immersion for each sample. Gloss was also measured at baseline and post immersion using a gloss meter. Results. There was a significant change in both ΔE00 and gloss in all materials (p < 0.05). Z250 XT exhibited better color stability and gloss retention, particularly with the Jiffy system. Beautifil Flow Plus F00 demonstrated acceptable color stability and high gloss with the TorVm discs. Activa Presto showed significant color changes across all polishing systems. Conclusions. This work highlights the importance of understanding the effect of polishing systems on dental resin composites for optimal aesthetic outcomes. Despite the obvious benefits of bioactivity in both Beautifil Flow Plus F00 and Activa Presto, their performance regarding both color stability and gloss retention was lower than the inert Z250 XT. These findings emphasize the need for careful material and technique selection in clinical practice to ensure the longevity and esthetic quality of dental restorations.
Modification of surface and subsurface properties of cold-rolled Ti6Al4V sheets through water jet shot peening
Authors: Avcu Egemen , Armağan Mustafa , Yıldıran Avcu Yasemin , Abakay Eray , Çalım Emirhan , Koç Funda Gül , Guney Mert , Yamanoğlu Rıdvan
Published: January 2025

Titanium alloys possess remarkable properties, such as high strength, biocompatibility, and resistance to corrosion. Nonetheless, both their surface and subsurface properties require improvements, particularly for applications where surface contact is unavoidable. The present study utilises an emerging mechanical surface treatment technique (water jet shot peening) for modifying the surface and subsurface characteristics of cold-rolled Ti6Al4V sheets. Water jet shot peening was applied on Ti6Al4V samples following an L18 full factorial experimental design, focusing on the variable parameters of process time, standoff distance, and shot mass flow rate. ANOVA indicated that the shot mass flow rate had the greatest impact on the roughness parameters (p < 0.0001). The roughness values of Ra, Rp, and Rv decreased as the shot’s mass flow rate increased, and this decrease was more pronounced as the standoff distance diminished. The surface morphologies of the samples were notably modified by plastic deformation resulting from the repeated impact of shots. The water jet shot peening method modified the grains within the microstructure near the surface region. The grains in the microstructure were oriented perpendicularly to the peening direction to a depth of 5.36 μm beneath the surface, even at minimal peening levels. The surface hardness increased by approximately 64% relative to the hardness of untreated Ti6Al4V alloy (512.43 Hv versus 311.52 Hv), attributed to significant plastic deformation and strain hardening induced by the high kinetic energy of the impacting shots during water jet peening.
A large reverse-genetic screen identifies numerous regulators of testis nascent myotube collective cell migration and collective organ sculpting
Authors: Bischoff Maik C. , Norton Jenevieve E. , Munguia Erika A. , Clark Sarah E. , Gurley Noah J. , Korankye Rebecca , Gyabaah Emmanuel Addai , Encarnacion Taino , Serody Christopher J. , Jones Corbin D. , Peifer Mark
Published: January 2025

Collective cell migration is critical for morphogenesis, homeostasis, and wound healing. Migrating mesenchymal cells form tissues that shape the body's organs. We developed a powerful model, exploring how Drosophila nascent myotubes migrate onto the testis during pupal development, forming the muscles ensheathing it and creating its characteristic spiral shape. To define genes regulating this, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify genes expressed in myotubes during migration. Using this dataset, we curated a list of 131 ligands, receptors, and cytoskeletal regulators, including all Rho/Ras/Rap1 regulators, as candidates. We then expressed 279 short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting these genes and examined adult testes. We identified 29 genes with diverse roles in morphogenesis. Some have phenotypes consistent with defective migration, while others alter testis shape in different ways, revealing the underlying logic of testis morphogenesis. We followed up on the Rho-family GEF dPix in detail. dPix knockdown drastically reduced migration and thus muscle coverage. Our data suggest different isoforms of dPix play distinct roles in this process and reveal a role for its partner Git. We also explored whether dPix regulates Cdc42 activity or cell adhesion. Our RNA-seq dataset and genetic analysis provide an important resource for the community to explore cell migration and organ morphogenesis.
Piloting a minimum data set for older people living in care homes in England: a developmental study
Authors: Gordon Adam L , Rand Stacey , Crellin Elizabeth , Allan Stephen , Tracey Freya , De Corte Kaat , Lloyd Therese , Brine Richard , Carroll Rachael E , Towers Ann-Marie , Burton Jennifer Kirsty , Akdur Gizdem , Hanratty Barbara , Webster Lucy , Palmer Sinead , Jones Liz , Meyer Julienne , Spilsbury Karen , Killett Anne , Wolters Arne T , Peryer Guy , Goodman Claire
Published: January 2025

Background

We developed a prototype minimum data set (MDS) for English care homes, assessing feasibility of extracting data directly from digital care records (DCRs) with linkage to health and social care data.

Methods

Through stakeholder development workshops, literature reviews, surveys and public consultation, we developed an aspirational MDS. We identified ways to extract this from existing sources, including DCRs and routine health and social care datasets. To address gaps, we added validated measures of delirium, cognitive impairment, functional independence and quality of life to DCR software. Following routine health and social care data linkage to DCRs, we compared variables recorded across multiple data sources, using a hierarchical approach to reduce missingness where appropriate. We reported proportions of missingness, mean and standard deviation (SD) or frequencies (%) for all variables.

Results

We recruited 996 residents from 45 care homes in three English Integrated Care Systems. 727 residents had data included in the MDS. Additional data were well completed (<35% missingness at wave 1). Competition for staff time, staff attrition and software-related implementation issues contributed to missing DCR data. Following data linkage and combining variables where appropriate, missingness was reduced (≤4% where applicable).

Discussion

Integration of health and social care is predicated on access to data and interoperability. Despite governance challenges we safely linked care home DCRs to statutory health and social care datasets to create a viable prototype MDS for English care homes. We identified issues around data quality, governance, data plurality and data completion essential to MDS implementation going forward.
Diagnostic utility of lymphocyte enhancer factor 1 in aggressive B-cell lymphoma with MYC rearrangement
Authors: Wang Xin , Faraz Maria , Chen Anne , Nazeer Tipu , Huang Xiaoyan
Published: January 2025

Objectives

We sought to investigate the diagnostic value of lymphocyte enhancer factor 1 (LEF1) expression in aggressive B-cell lymphomas (BCL) with MYC gene rearrangement (MYC-R).

Methods

Sixty-seven cases of BCL were studied and included Burkitt lymphoma (BL) (23 cases); diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), not otherwise specified (NOS) with MYC-R (13 cases); and DLBCL/high-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC, BCL2, and/or BCL6 rearrangements (double-hit [DH] or triple-hit [TH], 17 cases). Random DLBCL-NOS (14 cases) without MYC-R was recruited as a control group. By immunohistochemical stains, 3 patterns of LEF1 staining were recorded as pattern 0 (negative), pattern 1 (weak and heterogeneous staining, <80%), and pattern 2 (moderate/strong and uniform staining, ≥80%).

Results

Pattern 1 can be seen in all BCLs with MYC-R included in this study and more commonly seen in DLBCL without MYC-R (8/14 cases). Pattern 2 is characteristic (positive predictive value = 86%) for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–negative BL, while pattern 0 was seen in 22 (76%) of 29 cases of DLBCL-MYC-R/DH/TH (P < .001). Seven of 8 EBV-positive BL cases showed pattern 0, which was completely opposite to the common pattern 2 in EBV-negative BL (12/15 cases). Pattern 2 was not detected in all DH/TH cases.

Conclusions

Weak and heterogeneous staining of LEF1 can be seen in all the BCLs with and without MYC-R. Strong and uniform staining of LEF1 is highly characteristic of EBV-negative BL among all aggressive BCLs with MYC-R, while the negative staining of LEF1 is mostly suggestive of DLBCL-MYC-R/DH/TH. Lymphocyte enhancer factor 1 provides additional diagnostic value in the differentiation of BL from other aggressive BCLs with MYC-R, especially in a limited specimen.
On brain stimulation in epilepsy
Authors: Trevelyan Andrew J , Marks Victoria S , Graham Robert T , Denison Timothy , Jackson Andrew , Smith Elliot H
Published: January 2025

Brain stimulation has, for many decades, been considered as a potential solution for the unmet needs of the many people living with drug-resistant epilepsy. Clinically, there are several different approaches in use, including vagus nerve stimulation, deep brain stimulation of the thalamus, and responsive neurostimulation. Across populations of patients, all deliver reductions in seizure load and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy risk, yet do so variably, and the improvements seem incremental rather than transformative. In contrast, within the field of experimental neuroscience, the transformational impact of optogenetic stimulation is evident; by providing a means to control subsets of neurons in isolation, it has revolutionized our ability to dissect out the functional relations within neuronal microcircuits. It is worth asking, therefore, how preclinical optogenetics research could advance clinical practice in epilepsy?

Here, we review the state of the clinical field, and the recent progress in preclinical animal research. We report various breakthrough results, including the development of new models of seizure initiation, its use for seizure prediction, and for fast, closed-loop control of pathological brain rhythms, and what these experiments tell us about epileptic pathophysiology. Finally, we consider how these preclinical research advances may be translated into clinical practice.
Incidence and Outcome of Hepatitis D Virus Infection in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Hepatitis B Virus Coinfection in the Era of Tenofovir-Containing Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Huang Yu-Shan , Sun Hsin-Yun , Ho Shu-Yuan , Lin Kuan-Yin , Liu Wang-Da , Sheng Wang-Huei , Hsieh Szu-Min , Chuang Yu-Chung , Su Li-Hsin , Su Yi-Ching , Liu Wen-Chun , Chang Sui-Yuan , Hung Chien-Ching
Published: January 2025

Background

Tenofovir-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) improves survival in hepatitis B virus (HBV)–coinfected people with HIV (PWH). We investigated the incidence of hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection and its clinical impact in HBV-coinfected PWH in the era of tenofovir-containing ART.

Methods

Between 2011 and 2022, HBV-coinfected PWH were included and followed until December 2023. Anti-HDV antibody screening was performed using sequentially archived blood samples. Timing of incident HDV infection was estimated as the midpoint between the last timepoint of anti–HDV-negative samples and the first timepoint of anti–HDV-positive samples. Differences in survival and liver-related outcomes between HDV-infected and -uninfected PWH were analyzed.

Results

534 HBV-coinfected PWH were included; 36 (6.7%) tested HDV-seropositive at baseline. During 3987.78 person-years of follow-up (PYFU), 50 (10.0%) of 498 anti–HDV-negative PWH seroconverted for HDV, with an overall incidence rate of 12.54 per 1000 PYFU; 88.0% (44/50) of HDV seroconverters were men who have sex with men. After a median follow-up of 10.2 years (84.7% of the follow-up period covered by tenofovir-containing ART), all-cause mortality was 4.7% (25/534). PWH with HDV had significantly higher rates of liver-related mortality (3.5% vs 0.4%, P = .032), cirrhosis (11.3% vs 3.6%, P = .008), and hepatitis flare (28.2% vs 14.2%, P = .001) than HDV-uninfected PWH. In multivariate Cox analysis, HDV infection was associated with liver-related mortality (adjusted HR, 9.696; 95% CI, 1.284–73.222, P = .028). Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma was similar for HDV-infected and HDV-uninfected PWH.

Conclusions

HBV-coinfected PWH remain at risk of HDV superinfection and HDV infection is associated with liver-related death in the era of tenofovir-containing ART.
Iron management and exercise training in individuals with chronic kidney disease: lived experiences
Authors: Lightfoot Courtney J , Greenwood Sharlene A , Asgari Elham , Banerjee Debasish , Bhandari Sunil , Burton James O , Kalra Philip A , McCafferty Kieran , Oliveira Benjamin A , Reid Chante , Swift Pauline A , Wheeler David C , Wilkinson Thomas J , Bramham Kate , Smith Alice C
Published: January 2025

Background

Non-anaemic iron deficiency is highly prevalent in people living with chronic kidney disease (CKD) but is underdiagnosed and undertreated, especially in earlier stages of CKD. A multicentre trial assessing the effect of intravenous iron supplementation in iron-deficiency but not anaemic people with CKD included a qualitative sub-study that aimed to explore the patient experience and psychosocial impact of living with CKD and iron deficiency, and the experience of the therapeutic intervention (intravenous iron and exercise).

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 trial participants blinded to treatment. Topics explored included experiences of living with CKD and iron deficiency, symptoms, social and leisure activities, quality of life, and participants’ views and experiences of receiving the therapeutic intervention. Thematic analysis was used to identify and report themes.

Results

Six overarching themes were identified: lack of awareness of iron deficiency; overwhelming feelings of tiredness; feeling limited; balancing emotions; perceptions and experiences of therapeutic treatment received; and impact of trial participation on life participation. Trial participation, specifically the exercise training, was perceived to be beneficial, with improvements in life participation and psychological wellbeing experienced. However, there were no clear differences between treatment groups, with mixed perceptions about which therapeutic treatment was received.

Conclusions

The impact of tiredness on individuals with CKD is profound and can result in reduced vitality, impaired ability to engage in life activities and emotional conflict. Improved communication and support about psychosocial impact and management of symptoms, particularly fatigue, for people with CKD may be required, alongside effective therapeutic interventions, to improve symptom management and quality of life.
Fostering consensus for the implementation of a clinical pharmacy specialization: a nominal group technique approach with pharmacy stakeholders
Authors: Moura Laura , Steurbaut Stephane , Mota Filipe Helder , Alves da Costa Filipa
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To explore the need for a specialization in clinical pharmacy and the model to be adopted, as perceived by Portuguese stakeholders.

Methods

A nominal group technique through two online meetings addressed four questions: pros and cons of specialization models used internationally; preferred model for Portugal; and success factors for implementation.

Key findings

All nine stakeholders recognized the need to train pharmacists in clinical pharmacy and agreed specialization is essential, through a model including strong clinical undergraduate education, supplemented with postgraduate training. The postgraduate component considered most suited comprised a balanced approach to theoretical and practical training, where the relative weigh of theory (20%–60%) could progressively decrease with the implementation of the European directive 2024/782 establishing the minimum training requirements for the professions of pharmacists, where the clinical pharmacy is to be strengthened at the undergraduate level. Success factors for implementing this model include, establishing a regulatory framework for the career and the desired characteristics of the graduates from the postgraduate programme.

Conclusions

This study led to a consensus among key Portuguese stakeholders on the model to be adopted for a clinical pharmacy specialization in Portugal and, the information gathered will be used to guide future implementation.
Escherichia coli phage-inducible chromosomal island aids helper phage replication and represses the locus of enterocyte effacement pathogenicity island
Authors: Pick Kat , Stadel Lauren , Raivio Tracy L
Published: January 2025

In this study, we identify and characterize a novel phage-inducible chromosomal island (PICI) found in commensal Escherichia coli MP1. This novel element, EcCIMP1, is induced and mobilized by the temperate helper phage vB_EcoP_Kapi1. EcCIMP1 contributes to superinfection immunity against its helper phage, impacting bacterial competition outcomes. Genetic analysis of EcCIMP1 led us to uncover a putative transcriptional repressor, which silences virulence gene expression in the murine pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. We also found a putative excisionase encoded by EcCIMP1 which paradoxically does not promote excision of EcCIMP1 but rather supports excision of the helper phage. Another putative excisionase encoded by a presumed integrative conjugative element can also support the excision of vB_EcoP_Kapi1, demonstrating crosstalk between excisionases from multiple classes of mobile genetic elements within the same cell. Although phylogenetically distant from other characterized PICIs, EcCIMP1 and EcCIMP1-like elements are prevalent in both pathogenic and commensal isolates of E. coli from around the world, underscoring the importance of characterizing these abundant genetic elements.
Effect of growing season length on gross primary productivity increased in the Jinsha River watershed
Authors: Li Ming-Wei , Zhang Jing , Wu Zhao-Fei , Fu Yong-Shuo H
Published: January 2025

Climate change has significantly altered the carbon and water cycles of terrestrial ecosystems. Climate change and the extended vegetation growing season enhanced ecosystem gross primary production (GPP). However, the relative contributions of climate drivers and vegetation phenology to GPP remain unclear. Based on satellite-derived vegetation phenology and GPP datasets from 1982 to 2018, we investigated the spatiotemporal patterns of GPP and its drivers in the Jinsha River Watershed. We found that the growing season GPP significantly increased from 1982 to 2018, which was primarily attributed to changes in the growing season length (GSL) and temperature. The effect of GSL on GPP is highest (r = 0.34), with its effect being larger than that of temperature, precipitation, and radiation in 41% of the watershed. Importantly, the area where GPP was predominantly influenced by GSL increased by 12% in grid cells during the period of 2001–2018 compared to 1982–2000, indicating that GSL is playing an increasingly important role in driving GPP. Our findings highlight the dynamic responses of GPP to climate change and the associated phenological variations, which is crucial for improving the understanding of the terrestrial carbon balance.