bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A short scale to measure health-related quality of life after traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents (QOLIBRI-OS-KID/ADO): psychometric properties and German reference values
Authors: Zeldovich Marina , Krol Leonie , Koerte Inga K. , Cunitz Katrin , Kieslich Matthias , Henrich Marlene , Brockmann Knut , Buchheim Anna , Lendt Michael , Auer Christian , Neu Axel , Driemeyer Joenna , Wartemann Ulrike , Thomé Claudius , Pinggera Daniel , Berweck Steffen , Bonfert Michaela V. , Suss Joachim , Muehlan Holger , von Steinbuechel Nicole
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The impact of pediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children and adolescents remains understudied. Short scales have some advantages in terms of economy and administration over longer scales, especially in younger children. The aim of the present study is to psychometrically evaluate the six-item German version of the QOLIBRI-OS-KID/ADO scale for children and adolescents. In addition, reference values from a general German pediatric population are obtained to assist clinicians and researchers in the interpretation of HRQoL after pTBI.

Methods

A total of 297 individuals after TBI and 1997 from a general population sample completed the questionnaire. Reliability, validity, and comparability of the assessed construct were examined.

Results

The questionnaire showed satisfactory reliability (α = 0.75 and ω = 0.81 and α = 0.85 and ω = 0.86 for the TBI and general population samples, respectively). The QOLIBRI-OS-KID/ADO was highly correlated with its long version (R2 = 67%) and showed an overlap with generic HRQoL (R2 = 55%) in the TBI sample. The one-dimensional factorial structure could be replicated and tested for measurement invariance between samples, indicating a comparable HRQoL construct assessment. Therefore, reference values and cut-offs indicating clinically relevant impairment could be provided using percentiles stratified by factors significantly associated with the total score in the regression analyses (i.e., age group and gender).

Conclusion

In combination with the cut-offs, the QOLIBRI-OS-KID/ADO provides a cost-effective screening tool, complemented by interpretation guidelines, which may help to draw clinical conclusions and indications such as further administration of a longer version of the instrument to gain more detailed insight into impaired HRQoL domains or omission of further steps in the absence of an indication.
(De)centralized governance and the value of platform-based new ventures: The moderating role of teams and transparency
Authors: Martino Pierluigi , Vanacker Tom , Filatotchev Igor , Bellavitis Cristiano
Published: August 2024

Drawing on institutional and demand-side perspectives, we investigate performance implications of (de)centralized governance modes in platform-based new ventures, and the conditions under which (de)centralization generates more value. Using a sample of 1,431 Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs), a new source of entrepreneurial finance, we find that centralization of decision-making is positively associated with platforms’ market value. Further, we consider how platform characteristics affect this relationship, finding that both the presence of an experienced Chief Technology Officer (CTO) and project transparency negatively moderate the positive relationship between centralization and market value. Thus, decentralized platforms need leaders with technical experience and project transparency to generate more value. Overall, this study provides a better understanding of the boundary conditions that increase the value of (de)centralized governance.
Topic-Based Communication Between Agents
Authors: Galimullin Rustam , Velázquez-Quesada Fernando R.
Published: August 2024

Communication within groups of agents has been lately the focus of research in dynamic epistemic logic. This paper studies a recently introduced form of partial (more precisely, topic-based) communication. This type of communication allows for modelling scenarios of multi-agent collaboration and negotiation, and it is particularly well-suited for situations in which sharing all information is not feasible/advisable. The paper can be divided into two parts. In the first part, we present results on invariance and complexity of model checking. Moreover, we compare partial communication with the public announcement and arrow update settings in terms of both language-expressivity and update-expressivity. Regarding the former, the three settings are equivalent, their languages being equally expressive. Regarding the latter, all three modes of communication are incomparable in terms of update-expressivity. In the second part, we shift our attention to strategic topic-based communication. We do so by extending the language with a modality that quantifies over the topics the agents can ‘talk about’, thus allowing a form of arbitrary partial communication. For this new framework, we provide a complete axiomatisation, showing also that the new language’s model checking problem is PSPACE-complete. Finally, we argue that, in terms of expressivity, this new language of arbitrary partial communication is incomparable to that of arbitrary public announcements and also to that of arbitrary arrow updates.
Enhancing team sports performance: a case study of the optimal post-warm-up time window
Authors: Abade Eduardo , Costa Ana Rodrigues , Parraca Jose A. , Tomas-Carus Pablo , Clemente-Suarez Vicente Javier , Gonçalves Bruno
Published: August 2024

Warm-up routines are crucial for performance enhancement in team sports, with their effectiveness varying based on individual profiles, exercise mode and timing relative to the activity. This study investigates the impact of a 5–10 min interval post-warm-up on physical performance and sympathetic stimulus, as indicated by salivary biomarkers, in 19 college athletes. Performance was assessed via countermovement jump, 20 m sprint and handgrip strength tests conducted pre-warm-up, 5 min post-warm-up and 10 min post-warm-up. Saliva samples were collected at each stage to evaluate flux, α-amylase activity and protein content. Significant effects (p < .001) were observed in all three performance measures and saliva markers. Notably, sprint performance showed the greatest enhancement at the 5 min mark post-warm-up, while jumping improvements persisted through the 10 min window. However, a slight decline in sprint ability was observed from 5 to 10 min post-warm-up. These findings underscore the importance of optimizing warm-up timing and eventually considering re-warm-up strategies to maximize acute performance in team sports.
Exercise interventions for mitigating the persistent side effects of COVID-19
Authors: Gupta Sahil , Liu Kaitlyn Rebecca , Sandhu Simran , Gupta Ananya
Published: August 2024

Following infection with Sars-Cov2, a significant proportion of patients suffer from long-term symptoms afflicting many of the body’s systems. The understanding of these sequelae is still evolving, and as of the present diagnostic techniques and symptom management are still developing to effectively combat the wide variety of long-term symptoms. Many of the long-term symptoms observed following cases of COVID-19 are present in other chronic illnesses, and exercise intervention has been observed as a potent therapy for the alleviation of many of those symptoms. However, the effects of exercise regimens in the treatment of long COVID symptoms are not well documented, and there is little information regarding the nature of those interventions. A review of the available literature was conducted to determine the nature of the post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) and identify the potential impact exercise intervention could have in alleviating these sequelae. Overall, intensity and modality of treatment are paramount to the success of a multifaceted exercise intervention to provide the greatest benefits to patients suffering from PASC. There are some limitations to the provision of exercise therapy as an intervention for COVID-19 patients, but nonetheless the benefits of exercise are sufficient that further research is implicated.
Society-related Fears and Personal Mental Health
Authors: Mutz Michael
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the relationship between society-related fears and personal mental health. Respondents of an online survey representing the German population (18 + years) answered how much they are worried about eight societal developments (armed conflicts, social inequality, rise of right-wing extremism, crime and terror, immigration, climate change, artificial intelligence, pandemics). The analysis demonstrate that the sum score of society-related fears is significantly associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression. Particularly concerns about poverty, digitalization and pandemics are associated with higher anxiety and depression scores. Further explorations show that specific fears are intermingled with political ideologies, i.e. people fear different societal developments according to their ideological standpoints. Politically left-leaning individuals regard climate change and rising right-wing extremism as more threatening, while politically right-leaning individuals’ fears relate more strongly to migrants, terror and crime. The fears with the largest negative effect on mental health are poverty and armed conflicts for individuals who identify as left and digitalization for individuals who identify as right. Overall, findings lend support to the general notion that the world’s current ‘polycrisis’ is highly relevant and generally detrimental for mental health and human wellbeing.
Flowering phenology patterns promotes pollination facilitation in coexisting Anthurium species from a mountain forest in Colombia
Authors: Cano María Fernanda Beltrán , Hernández Sandra Eugenia Cuartas
Published: August 2024

Co-flowering congeneric plant species may either experience competition for the services of shared pollinators or facilitation when together, they attract a higher number and diversity of pollinators. In this study, we evaluate whether temporal segregation in flowering time and temporal partition of shared pollinators operate among sympatric Anthurium species as mechanisms to reduce competition to attract potential pollinators. We investigated flowering phenology, the intra-e interspecific synchrony, and the composition of the flower visitor community of seven coexisting Anthurium species biweekly for a whole year in Native and Pine forests. We also analyzed the structure of Anthurium -flower visitor networks and the functional role of species. Flowering was continuous thorough the year for most Anthurium species, but their flowering peaks were segregated significantly in time. Although the flowering periods of these species overlapped, flower visitor communities were very dissimilar among Anthurium species, sharing only a tiny fraction of insects that function as connectors among species in the network. The partition of potential pollinators in a fine temporal scale occurred through the rewiring of shared flower visitors to the most abundant flowering Anthurium species. On the other hand, a high number of inflorescences attracted larger abundance and richness of insect visitors. Facilitation occurred almost throughout the year, while competition occurred during the flowering peak, where a particular species was the best competitor increasing the constancy of pollinators. This study highlights the role of facilitation and competition as mechanisms that together shape the use of potential pollinator resources between sympatric congeneric plant species.
The open innovation kaleidoscope: navigating pathways and overcoming failures
Authors: Mahdad Maral , Roshani Saeed
Published: August 2024

In this study, we conduct a panoramic analysis of two decades of open innovation (OI), leveraging topic modeling with machine learning to map out ten critical OI pathways and their associated failure mechanisms on the micro, meso, and macro levels. Open innovation has revolutionized organizational innovation, collaboration, and competition. However, it presents complexities that require a multifaceted approach to research. Our findings, informed by interpretative thematic analysis, reveal distinct scholarly debates and three primary controversies within the OI research landscape, pointing to the need for future research to integrate these diverse narratives. By providing a comprehensive synthesis of the OI field’s evolution and current state, along with an analysis of its underlying failure mechanisms, we aim to guide strategic decision-making in OI practice, and enrich the academic discourse on its operational and strategic dimensions. Finally, we highlight several potential avenues for future research that emerge from our synthesis of the literature.
Therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance of levothyroxine liquid and softgel formulations taken with meals: a systematic review
Authors: Oteri Vittorio , Volpe Salvatore , Lopes Mariarita , Sceusa Giulia , Tumminia Andrea , Belfiore Antonino , Frasca Francesco , Gullo Damiano
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Levothyroxine (L-T4) is the drug of choice for treating primary hypothyroidism. L-T4 tablets should be taken at least 30 min before breakfast. Several studies have suggested that serum thyroid profile is not affected by concomitant intake of liquid/softgel L-T4 with meals. Our aim is to review the evidence on therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance with the liquid and softgel formulation of L-T4 taken with meals, also compared with the standard tablet therapy regimen, in hypothyroid patients.

Methods

We performed a systematic review of literature by searching PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. PRISMA guidelines were applied, and the risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the RoB 2 and ROBINS tools. The methodological quality was assessed following the GRADE criteria.

Results

We included 13 studies, accounting for a total of 1697 patients. The timing of liquid L-T4 intake from breakfast did not affect the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment. No significant differences in the absorption of liquid L-T4 were found when administered together with different foods, beverages, drugs, or other supplements. TSH levels are not influenced by taking softgel L-T4 at breakfast; the efficacy of softgel and liquid formulation is similar when they are taken with a meal, but superior to that of tablet formulation. Shifting from L-T4 tablets taken 30 min before breakfast to liquid/softgel formulation taken with the meal improved medication adherence and perceived quality of life of patients.

Conclusion

Liquid and softgel formulation of L-T4 can be taken at breakfast or close to meals, without losing therapeutic efficacy. These formulations could also improve patient compliance and quality of life compared to L-T4 tablet therapy taken 30 min before breakfast.
SEOM-GEICO Clinical Guidelines on cervical cancer (2023)
Authors: Manso Luis , Ramchandani-Vaswani Avinash , Romero Ignacio , Sánchez-Lorenzo Luisa , Bermejo-Pérez María José , Estévez-García Purificación , Fariña-Madrid Lorena , García García Yolanda , Gil-Martin Marta , Quindós María
Published: August 2024

Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of mortality in women worldwide. It is strongly associated with high-risk human papillomavirus infection. High-income countries that have implemented human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and screening programs have seen dramatic reductions in CC incidence, while developing countries where these programs are not available continue to experience high rates of CC deaths. In early-stage CC, the primary treatment is surgery or radiotherapy, whereas concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CRT) remains the conventional approach in locally advanced stages until the upcoming approval of immunotherapy. The incorporation of immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy (with or without bevacizumab) in first line and as monotherapy in second line after platinum-based chemotherapy, has significantly increased overall survival (OS) in recurrent or metastatic CC. The purpose of this guideline is to summarize the most relevant evidence in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of CC and to provide evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice.
In need of improvement: archaeological evidence of river management in South-Eastern Australia
Authors: Lawrence Susan , Davies Peter
Published: August 2024

Patterns of river modification since settler invasion of southern Australia are the product of a specific set of deep-seated and implicit cultural values concerning the purpose and function of waterways. Rivers have been dammed, diverted, dredged and straightened to meet a range of human needs and objectives. Such changes are routinely described as ‘improvements’ but there is a lack of critical engagement with what ‘improvement’ might mean. Interventions carried out initially on an ad hoc basis, and later more systematically with state support, collectively shed light on the persistent underlying drive to ‘Improve’ nature and society that has permeated Western thought since the Enlightenment. Here we use the example of one river system, the Loddon, to analyse ways in which Improvement intersected with settler engagement with Australian rivers. We argue that settler interventions have been informed by a consistent set of understandings about the purpose of rivers. The characteristics of water management infrastructure along the Loddon reveal how the river fell short of the settler-colonial ideal and why they thought it needed to be Improved at all.
Monitoring climate change vulnerability in the Himalayas
Authors: Malik Ishfaq Hussain , Ford James D.
Published: August 2024

Longitudinal assessment of climate vulnerability is essential for understanding the complex factors affecting how people experience and respond to climate change. We report on the first longitudinal assessment of climate vulnerability in the Himalayan region, exploring the evolving landscape, perceptions, and experiences of communities of climate change impacts, vulnerability, and adaptation in Kashmir over an 8-year period from 2017 to 2024. We provide the Himalayan Re-study Framework (HRF) to monitor, characterise, and conceptualise climate change in the Himalayas. Utilising mixed methods, we showcase how climate change is affecting social, economic, political, and environmental dimensions, examining how the impacts of climate change and vulnerability evolve over time, shaping and reshaping how climate risks are experienced and responded to by communities. Our analysis reveals a nuanced understanding of vulnerability, highlighting the impact on communities’ livelihoods and water security, differential impacts on marginalised communities, and the gendered nature of climate change. We examine how certain sections of the population face marginalisation, discrimination, and racism, and how climate change exacerbates these challenges. Kashmir’s vulnerability to climate change extends beyond environmental factors, intertwining with culture, livelihoods, social dynamics, and politics. Climate change continues to compete for attention with immediate political and socio-economic challenges, highlighting the need for integrated approaches to address both environmental and societal issues in Kashmir.
Advanced Respiratory Monitoring in the Perioperative Setting
Authors: Jimenez-Santana Jose Daniel , Spadaro Savino , Argente Navarro Maria Pilar , Mazzinari Guido
Published: August 2024

Purpose of Review

This narrative review explores the technical principles and evidence supporting the use of advanced respiratory monitoring tools in the perioperative setting to enhance patient care. We aim to identify which patients benefit most from these technologies during major surgeries.

Recent Findings

Advanced monitoring techniques, such as electrical impedance tomography (EIT), esophageal pressure (Pes) monitoring, and lung ultrasound (LUS), provide detailed insights into lung mechanics and function. Recent studies indicate these tools can optimize ventilation strategies by individualizing the lung protective ventilation, particularly in high-risk patients.

While these tools can help to improve intraoperative respiratory mechanics and oxygenation, further randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm their impact on patient-centered outcomes.
Parental styles are associated with eating disorder symptoms, anxiety, interpersonal difficulties, and nucleus accumbens response
Authors: Sahota Neha , Shott Megan E. , Frank Guido K. W.
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Eating disorders (EDs) typically emerge during adolescence. Parental bonding has a lasting impact on a child’s mental health during those developmentally critical years. There remains uncertainty over whether parental bonding is a risk factor for developing or maintaining specifically EDs or, rather, general psychopathology and the associated underlying brain function.

Methods

Forty-one young adult healthy control individuals (HC, 26.6 ± 3.5 years) and 46 individuals with EDs (25 with anorexia nervosa, AN, 22.8 ± 6.4 years, and 21 with bulimia nervosa, BN, 23.5 ± 4.2 years) completed the parental bonding instrument (PBI), assessments for anxiety, depression, and ED behaviors, and underwent a conditioning paradigm during brain imaging.

Results

In both groups, perceived parental care and overprotection were correlated with state and trait anxiety and interpersonal alienation, and in HC only, with body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness. Individuals with an ED reported lower self-perceived parental care, but higher overprotection compared to the HC group. Nucleus accumbens (NAc) response was related to bonding measures in both groups and right NAc response mediated the relationship between maternal care and trait anxiety in HC.

Conclusions

Perceived parental bonding is associated with general psychopathology, including elevated anxiety and interpersonal difficulties across HC and ED groups. Lower perceived parental care and higher overprotection could predispose healthy individuals to develop problems with body shape or weight; however, other, maybe biological factors may determine whether a person will develop an ED. The link between perceived parental bonding, NAc valence processing and anxiety implicates dopaminergic circuits that should be studied further.

Level of Evidence: Level III: Case–control analytic study
On the fractional heat semigroup and product estimates in Besov spaces and applications in theoretical analysis of the fractional Keller–Segel system
Authors: Pérez-López Jhean E. , Rueda-Gómez Diego A. , Villamizar-Roa Élder J.
Published: August 2024

This paper is concerned with the fractional Keller–Segel system in temporal and spatial variables. We consider fractional dissipation for the physical variables including a fractional dissipation mechanism for the chemotactic diffusion, as well as a time fractional variation assumed in the Caputo sense. We analyze the fractional heat semigroup obtaining time decay and integral estimates of the Mittag–Leffler operators in critical Besov spaces, and prove a bilinear estimate derived from the nonlinearity of the Keller–Segel system, without using auxiliary norms. We use these results in order to prove the existence of global solutions in critical homogeneous Besov spaces employing only the norm of the natural persistence space, including the existence of self-similar solutions, which constitutes a persistence result in this framework. In addition, we prove a uniqueness result without assuming any smallness condition on the initial data.
Communication Preferences and Factors Predicting Smartphone Addiction Among Four Generations of Australians: Gender and Generational Differences
Authors: Belic Ivanka , Winskel Heather , Allen Kachina , Longstaff Mitchell Grant
Published: August 2024

Smartphones are commonly used for socializing, entertainment, and information-seeking. However, excessive and problematic usage may lead to smartphone addiction, which is linked to cognitive and attentional deficits and mental health issues globally. Historically, age and gender have been found to influence smartphone usage. Furthermore, the relationship between communication preferences (via mobile-technology versus in-person) and usage, and addictive tendencies is understudied. Past research has seldom explored older age groups. This study investigates generational (“Gen-Z,” “Gen-X,” “Gen-Y,” and Baby-Boomers) and gender differences in smartphone usage, communication preferences, and factors predicting smartphone addiction scores (SAS). The study surveyed 894 adults aged 18–80 years to examine interpersonal communication preferences, daily hours of smartphone usage, and SAS. Participants were recruited via snowball sampling through digital and printed media. Daily hours of usage and SAS were closely related and shown to reduce after the age of 40 years. Generations “Z” and “Y” reported the highest daily use and scored higher in SAS than the older generations. Women scored higher in SAS than men in all generations except “Gen-X.” Age, hours of usage, and preference for mobile communication predicted SAS, but gender did not. Overall, people prefer to communicate with others in-person more than via mobile-technology. The findings identify significant generational and gender differences in daily usage, addiction scores, and communication preferences. Preference to communicate more via mobile-technology than in-person predicted SAS. Future research needs to investigate smartphone usage among all age groups and genders to clarify the risks and protective factors associated with smartphone addiction.
A proactive grey wolf optimization for improving bioinformatic systems with high dimensional data
Authors: Alsaeedi Ali Hakem , Al-Shammary Dhiah , Hadi Suha Mohammed , Ahmed Khandakar , Ibaida Ayman , AlKhazraji Nooruldeen
Published: August 2024

This paper introduces a new methodology for optimization problems, combining the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) with Simi-stochastic search processes. Intelligent optimizations represent an advanced approach in machine learning and computer applications, aiming to reduce the number of features used in the classification process. Optimizing bioinformatics datasets is crucial for information systems that classify data for intelligent tasks. The proposed A-Proactive Grey Wolf Optimization (A-GWO) solves stagnation in GWO by applying a dual search with a Simi-stochastic search. This target is achieved by distributing the population into two groups using a different search technique. The model's performance is evaluated using two benchmarks: the Evolutionary Computation Benchmark (CEC 2005) and seven popular biological datasets. A-GWO demonstrates highly improved efficiency in comparision to the original GWO and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Specifically, it enhances exploration in 66% of CEC functions and achieves high accuracy in 70% of biological datasets.
Seeing Is Disbelieving
Authors: Silverman Daniel
Published: August 2024

Factual misinformation is spread in conflict zones around the world, often with dire consequences. But when is this misinformation actually believed, and when is it not? Seeing is Disbelieving examines the appeal and limits of dangerous misinformation in war, and is the go-to text for understanding false beliefs and their impact in modern armed conflict. Daniel Silverman extends the burgeoning study of factual misinformation, conspiracy theories, and fake news in social and political life into a crucial new domain, while providing a powerful new argument about the limits of misinformation in high-stakes situations. Rich evidence from the US drone campaign in Pakistan, the counterinsurgency against ISIL in Iraq, and the Syrian civil war provide the backdrop for practical lessons in promoting peace, fighting wars, managing conflict, and countering misinformation more effectively.
Understanding Human Diversity
Authors: Marks Jonathan
Published: August 2024

No two people are the same, and no two groups of people are the same. But what kinds of differences are there, and what do they mean? What does our DNA say about race, gender, equality, or ancestry? Drawing on the latest discoveries in anthropology and human genetics, Understanding Human Diversity looks at scientific realities and pseudoscientific myths about the patterns of diversity in our species, challenging common misconceptions about genetics, race, and evolution and their role in shaping human life today. By examining nine counterexamples drawn from popular scientific ideas, that is to say, examinations of what we are not, this book leads the reader to an appreciation of what we are. We are hybrids with often inseparable natural and cultural aspects, formed of natural and cultural histories, and evolved from remote ape and recent human ancestors. This book is a must for anyone curious about human genetics, human evolution, and human diversity.
The Past and Future of the Fisheries and Marine Ecosystem Model Intercomparison Project
Authors: Novaglio Camilla , Bryndum‐Buchholz Andrea , Tittensor Derek P. , Eddy Tyler D. , Lotze Heike K. , Harrison Cheryl S. , Heneghan Ryan F. , Maury Olivier , Ortega‐Cisneros Kelly , Petrik Colleen M. , Roberts Kelsey E. , Blanchard Julia L.
Published: August 2024

Climate change is increasingly affecting the world's ocean ecosystems, necessitating urgent guidance on adaptation strategies to limit or prevent catastrophic impacts. The Fisheries and Marine Ecosystem Model Intercomparison Project (FishMIP) is a network and framework that provides standardised ensemble projections of the impacts of climate change and fisheries on ocean life and the benefits that it provides to people. Since its official launch in 2013 as a small, self‐organized project within the larger Inter‐Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project, the FishMIP community has grown substantially and contributed to key international policy processes, such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Assessment Report, and the Intergovernmental Science‐Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Global Biodiversity Assessment. While not without challenges, particularly around comparing heterogeneous ecosystem models, integrating fisheries scenarios, and standardising regional‐scale ecosystem models, FishMIP outputs are now being used across a variety of applications (e.g., climate change targets, fisheries management, marine conservation, Sustainable Development Goals). Over the next decade, FishMIP will focus on improving ecosystem model ensembles to provide more robust and policy‐relevant projections for different regions of the world under multiple climate and societal change scenarios, and continue to be open to a broad spectrum of marine ecosystem models and modelers. FishMIP also intends to enhance leadership diversity and capacity‐building to improve representation of early‐ and mid‐career researchers from under‐represented countries and ocean regions. As we look ahead, FishMIP aims to continue enhancing our understanding of how marine life and its contributions to people may change over the coming century at both global and regional scales.
Isotropic High‐Frequency Radiation in Near‐Fault Seismic Data
Authors: Ben‐Zion Yehuda , Zhang Siyuan , Meng Xiaofeng
Published: August 2024

We compare Fourier Amplitude Spectra of Fault Normal (FN) and Fault Parallel (FP) seismograms at near‐fault sites for seven strike‐slip earthquakes with moment magnitudes Mw ≥ 6. For all events we find large FN/FP ratios at low frequencies consistent with near‐fault S‐wave radiation patterns for strike‐slip earthquakes. However, the difference diminishes with increasing frequency and FN/FP is about 1 above a transition frequency. The results may reflect small tensile/isotropic components in the earthquake rupture zones that homogenize the high‐frequency radiation in different directions at near‐fault sites. The FN/FP ratios at low frequencies and transition frequencies above which FN ∼ FP vary among the analyzed earthquakes and have no clear correlation with the magnitudes. The lack of correlation may signify a characteristic scale (e.g., process zone size, duration of source time function) controlling the isotropic radiation, and/or wave propagation and other effects that mask the source effects.
RegionGrow3D: A Deterministic Analysis for Characterizing Discrete Three‐Dimensional Landslide Source Areas on a Regional Scale
Authors: Mathews Nicolas W. , Leshchinsky Ben A. , Mirus Benjamin B. , Olsen Michael J. , Booth Adam M.
Published: August 2024

Regional‐scale characterization of shallow landslide hazards is important for reducing their destructive impact on society. These hazards are commonly characterized by (a) their location and likelihood using susceptibility maps, (b) landslide size and frequency using geomorphic scaling laws, and (c) the magnitude of disturbance required to cause landslides using initiation thresholds. Typically, this is accomplished through the use of inventories documenting the locations and triggering conditions of previous landslides. In the absence of comprehensive landslide inventories, physics‐based slope stability models can be used to estimate landslide initiation potential and provide plausible distributions of landslide characteristics for a range of environmental and forcing conditions. However, these models are sometimes limited in their ability to capture key mechanisms tied to discrete three‐dimensional (3D) landslide mechanics while possessing the computational efficiency required for broad‐scale application. In this study, the RegionGrow3D (RG3D) model is developed to broadly simulate the area, volume, and location of landslides on a regional scale (≥1,000 km2) using 3D, limit‐equilibrium (LE)‐based slope stability modeling. Furthermore, RG3D is incorporated into a susceptibility framework that quantifies landsliding uncertainty using a distribution of soil shear strengths and their associated probabilities, back‐calculated from inventoried landslides using 3D LE‐based landslide forensics. This framework is used to evaluate the influence of uncertainty tied to shear strength, rainfall scenarios, and antecedent soil moisture on potential landsliding and rainfall thresholds over a large region of the Oregon Coast Range, USA.
Digital consults in heart failure care: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Man Jelle P. , Koole Maarten A. C. , Meregalli Paola G. , Handoko M. Louis , Stienen Susan , de Lange Frederik J. , Winter Michiel M. , Schijven Marlies P. , Kok Wouter E. M. , Kuipers Dorianne I. , van der Harst Pim , Asselbergs Folkert W. , Zwinderman Aeilko H. , Dijkgraaf Marcel G. W. , Chamuleau Steven A. J. , Schuuring Mark J.
Published: August 2024

Guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) has clear benefits on morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure; however, GDMT use remains low. In the multicenter, open-label, investigator-initiated ADMINISTER trial, patients (n = 150) diagnosed with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) were randomized (1:1) to receive usual care or a strategy using digital consults (DCs). DCs contained (1) digital data sharing from patient to clinician (pharmacotherapy use, home-measured vital signs and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaires); (2) patient education via a text-based e-learning; and (3) guideline recommendations to all treating clinicians. All remotely gathered information was processed into a digital summary that was available to clinicians in the electronic health record before every consult. All patient interactions were standardly conducted remotely. The primary endpoint was change in GDMT score over 12 weeks (ΔGDMT); this GDMT score directly incorporated all non-conditional class 1 indications for HFrEF therapy with equal weights. The ADMINISTER trial met its primary outcome of achieving a higher GDMT in the DC group after a follow-up of 12 weeks (ΔGDMT score in the DC group: median 1.19, interquartile range (0.25, 2.3) arbitrary units versus 0.08 (0.00, 1.00) in usual care; P < 0.001). To our knowledge, this is the first multicenter randomized controlled trial that proves a DC strategy is effective to achieve GDMT optimization. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT05413447.
Exploring alternative fuel solutions: lemon grass oil biodiesel blend with dibutyl ether additive for VCR diesel engines - an experimental analysis
Authors: Paramasivam Prabhu , Balasubramanian Arun , Adeleke Adekunle Akanni , Ikubanni Peter Pelumi , Kumar Sandeep , Prakash Chander , Kumar Rahul
Published: August 2024

There has been an intense surge in interest in the search for alternative sources of petroleum fuels in the modern world as a result of the inflation of fuel prices and the historic supply gap. When compared to petroleum fuels, biodiesel is becoming an increasingly valuable option due to the fact that it produces less emissions and provides the almost same amount of energy. In point of fact, the prime aim of this work is to explore the possibility of utilizing biodiesel derived from lemongrass oil and including dibutyl ether as an additive for the test diesel engine operating on varied compression ratios. The findings showed that the best operating settings are a 17.5 compression ratio with a blend of 30% biodiesel and 70% diesel fuel. At greater loads, brake thermal efficiency is lower than that of diesel engines. Lower loads result in lower specific fuel usage. Mechanical efficiency at higher loads is highest in the B30 blend, but emission metrics such as CO, CO2, HC, and NOx were reduced with the inclusion of an additive, though HC rose with higher loads of lemongrass oil biodiesel blends. When compared to the B30 biodiesel blend with various composition additives, the B30 + 4% additive has the highest efficiency at the fourth load in terms of both brake power and mechanical efficiency.
Performance analysis of high voltage disc insulators with different profiles in clean and polluted environments using flashover, withstand voltage tests and finite element analysis
Authors: Ali Arfan , Bhatti Abdul Rauf , Rasool Akhtar , Rehman Fazal Ur , Khan Muhammad Amjad , Ali Ahmed , Sherefa Abdulkerim
Published: August 2024

Severe pollution-induced flashovers on insulators present a pressing challenge to power system safety. The frequent failure of high-voltage insulators, particularly in the polluted environments of Pakistan, poses a critical concern. This paper investigates the impact of insulator profile on reducing pollution flashovers, testing two designs as per IEC standard 60383 and simulated using the Finite Element Method in COMSOL Multiphysics®. The test results revealed that deep under-ribs insulators exhibited a 5.008% reduction in flashover voltage, while alternating shed insulators experienced a 3.233% decrease in polluted conditions compared to clean conditions. Notably, under both clean and polluted conditions, alternating shed insulators consistently outperformed deep under-ribs insulators, with a 25.377% higher flashover voltage in clean conditions and a 27.400% superiority in polluted conditions. Computational analysis through the Finite Element Method in COMSOL Multiphysics shows a consistent pattern in potential distribution with increasing insulator count, but the presence of a pollution layer introduces spikes in the electric field distribution, validating experimental results. These findings highlight the superior performance of alternating shed insulators, especially in polluted environments.
Assessing soil CO2 emission on eucalyptus species using UAV-based reflectance and vegetation indices
Authors: Rossi Fernando Saragosa , Della-Silva João Lucas , Teodoro Larissa Pereira Ribeiro , Teodoro Paulo Eduardo , Santana Dthenifer Cordeiro , Baio Fábio Henrique Rojo , Morinigo Wendel Bueno , Crusiol Luís Guilherme Teixeira , La Scala Newton , da Silva Carlos Antonio
Published: August 2024

Eucalyptus species play an important role in the global carbon cycle, especially in reducing the greenhouse effect as well as storing atmospheric CO₂. Thus, assessing the amount of CO₂ released by the soil in forest areas can generate important information for environmental monitoring. This study aims to verify the relation between soil carbon dioxide (CO₂) flux (FCO₂), spectral bands, and vegetation indices (VIs) derived from a UAV-based multispectral camera over an area of eucalyptus species. Multispectral imageries (green, red-edge, and near-infrared) from the Parrot Sequoia sensor, derived vegetation indices, and the FCO₂ data from a LI-COR 8100 analyzer, combined with soil moisture and temperature data, were collected and related. The vegetation indices ATSAVI (Adjusted Transformed Soil-Adjusted VI), GSAVI (Green Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index), and SAVI (Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index), which use soil correction factors, exhibited a strong negative correlation with FCO₂ for the species E. camaldulensis, E. saligna, and E. urophylla species. A Multivariate Analysis of Variance showed significance (p < 0.01) for the species factor, which indicates that there are differences when considering all variables simultaneously. The results achieved in this study show a specific correlation between the data of soil CO₂ emission and the eucalypt species, providing a distinction of values between the species in the statistical data.
Engineered protein elastomeric materials
Authors: Liu Zhongcheng , Li Haopeng , Li Jingjing , Yu Jing , Liu Kai
Published: August 2024

This review highlights the role of protein structure, intermolecular cross-links and networks in optimizing elastomeric material properties.
Probing the structural evolution of cobalt hydroxide in electrochemical water splitting
Authors: Yang Chunlei , Lu Tingyu , Zhang Liming
Published: August 2024

The dynamic structural changes of α-Co(OH)2 platelets during electrochemical oxidation by in situ EC-AFM.
Controlling AxMn[Fe(CN)6] charge transfer pathways through tilt-engineering for enhanced metal-to-metal interactions
Authors: Regueiro A. , Castells-Gil J. , Shen C. , Mikulska I. , Allen C. , Bogani L. , Torres-Cavanillas R.
Published: August 2024

We explored the interplay between structure and metal-to-metal charge transfer in AxMn[Fe(CN)6], incorporating K, Rb, and Cs. Activation/deactivation of the intramolecular charge transfer is influenced by cation-induced structural tilting.
3D and 4D printing of MXene-based composites: from fundamentals to emerging applications
Authors: Bigham Ashkan , Zarepour Atefeh , Khosravi Arezoo , Iravani Siavash , Zarrabi Ali
Published: August 2024

This review highlights the developments in the 3D/4D printing of MXene-based composites, focusing on their application in tissue regeneration, drug delivery, sensing, and energy storage.
Effects of silver-decorated PLGA nanoparticles on Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms and evaluation of the detoxification limit of bacteria against these nanoparticles
Authors: Takahashi Chisato , Moriguchi Keiichi
Published: August 2024

Silver nanoparticles exhibit high antibacterial activity and thus have been used in polymeric formulations for drug delivery.
Hypercoordinated Si/Ge driving excellent HER catalytic performance in new TM2X (X = Si and Ge) monolayers: a high-throughput investigation by screening transition metal elements
Authors: Li Tianya , Yu Guangtao , Yang E. , Chen Wei
Published: August 2024

Constructing relevant transition metal silicides/germanides with planar hypercoordinated Si/Ge can be a new and effective strategy for achieving nonprecious and highly efficient HER catalysts.
Utilizing Li4Ti5O12 as multifunctional filler in composite solid electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium metal battery
Authors: Xu Yubo , Xiong Xiaosong , Peng Jun , Zhou Qi , Wu Wenzhuo , Gao Wanjie , Peng Yi , Wang Tao , Wang Faxing , Wu Yuping
Published: August 2024

The use of Li4Ti5O12 as an inorganic filler for a polyethylene oxide-based electrolyte presents multiple improvements in electrochemical window, ionic conductivity and long-cycling performance of all-solid-state lithium metal batteries.
Boosting oxygen reduction reaction with metal phthalocyanines: altering central metals and substituents
Authors: Li Kunyu , Wang Pai , Li Jiarui , Gao Yang , Zhang Yanning
Published: August 2024

The electronic structures of MPcs were tuned by altering central metals and substituents, achieving a low overpotential of 0.37 V, with a novel bond order descriptor proposed to elucidate the electronic origins of ORR activity.
Extracellular vesicles containing fullerene derivatives prepared by an exchange reaction for photodynamic therapy
Authors: Kono Nanami , Kawasaki Riku , Oshige Ayano , Nishimura Kotaro , Yamana Keita , Yimiti Dilimulati , Miyaki Shigeru , Adachi Nobuo , Takabayashi Naoki , Nagasaki Takeshi , Ikeda Atsushi
Published: August 2024

A hydrophobic drug loading method for extracellular vesicles without using organic solvents was developed by a supramolecular chemistry-based exchange reaction.
Contributions of neuroimaging in central poststroke pain: a review
Authors: Lemos Marcelo Delboni , Barbosa Luciana Mendonça , Andrade Daniel Ciampi de , Lucato Leandro Tavares
Published: August 2024

Background Central neuropathic poststroke pain (CNPSP) affects up to 12% of patients with stroke in general and up to 18% of patients with sensory deficits. This pain syndrome is often incapacitating and refractory to treatment. Brain computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are widely used methods in the evaluation of CNPSP.

Objective The present study aims to review the role of neuroimaging methods in CNPSP.

Methods We performed a literature review of the main clinical aspects of CNPSP and the contribution of neuroimaging methods to study its pathophysiology, commonly damaged brain sites, and possible differential diagnoses. Lastly, we briefly mention how neuroimaging can contribute to the non-pharmacological CNPSP treatment. Additionally, we used a series of MRI from our institution to illustrate this review.

Results Imaging has been used to explain CNPSP pathogenesis based on spinothalamic pathway damage and connectome dysfunction. Imaging locations associated with CNPSP include the brainstem (mainly the dorsolateral medulla), thalamus (especially the ventral posterolateral/ventral posteromedial nuclei), cortical areas such as the posterior insula and the parietal operculum, and, more recently, the thalamocortical white matter in the posterior limb of the internal capsule. Imaging also brings the prospect of helping search for new targets for non-pharmacological treatments for CNPSP. Other neuropathic pain causes identified by imaging include syringomyelia, multiple sclerosis, and herniated intervertebral disc.

Conclusion Imaging is a valuable tool in the complimentary evaluation of CNPSP patients in clinical and research scenarios.