bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinicians’ practices and attitudes regarding advance care planning in mainland China: A multicenter cross-sectional survey
Authors: Cai Siyu , Wang Xianjing , Wang Ruixin , Zhou Yuchen , Zhou Xuan , Peng Xiaoxia
Published: March 2022

Objectives

This study aims to explore clinicians’ practices and attitudes regarding advance care planning (ACP) in mainland China.

Methods

This study was a multicenter cross-sectional survey. Clinicians from tertiary hospitals in Beijing, Guangxi, and Inner Mongolia were invited to participate in the study. A questionnaire was formulated based on related literature to obtain information including demographic characteristics, and practices and attitudes toward ACP.

Results

The total number of participants included 285 clinicians. The data response rate was 84.57%. Most of the clinicians had an inadequate understanding of ACP. Only a few clinicians had experience in participating or witnessing an ACP or related end-of-life discussions. Among 285 clinicians, 69.82% of clinicians were willing to introduce ACP to patients. Two hundred and thirty-eight (83.51%) clinicians wanted more education on ACP. Almost all clinicians believed that patients had the right to know about their diagnosis, prognosis, and available care options. Most clinicians (82.11%) regarded that ACP was partially feasible in mainland China. If clinicians had a serious illness, almost everyone was willing to find out their true health status and decide for themselves, and 81.40% wanted to institute an ACP for themselves. The biggest barriers to the use of ACP in mainland China were cultural factors. Statistical analysis revealed that some or good understanding level (P = 0.0052) and practical experience (P = 0.0127) of ACP were associated with the positive willingness.

Significance of results

ACP is still in its infancy in mainland China. Clinicians had inadequate understanding and minimal exposure to ACP. Most clinicians recognized the value and significance of ACP and had a positive attitude toward ACP. Clinicians need to be provided with education and training to promote their ACP practices. Culturally appropriate ACP processes and documents need to be developed based on Chinese culture and Chinese needs.
Unravelling the Myth of Gandhian Non-violence: Why Did Gandhi Connect His Principle ofSatyāgrahawith the “Hindu” Notion ofAhiṃsā?
Authors: Hazama Eijiro
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this article is to unearth the genealogy of M. K. Gandhi's “non-violence,” the cardinal principle ofsatyāgraha. Previous works considered that Gandhi's concept of non-violence was essentially derived from the “ancient” Hindu–Jain precept ofahiṃsā(non-killing) common in the subcontinent. On the contrary, I will, by examining Gandhi's primary texts in Gujarati, Hindi, and English, demonstrate the following: (1) during Gandhi's sojourn in South Africa (1893–1914) where he led his firstsatyāgrahacampaign, he never associated the termahiṃsāwithsatyāgraha; (2) his satyāgraha campaign was initially explained with the trans-religious and cosmopolitan concepts of Tolstoy and thenirguṇ bhaktas; (3) Gandhi first began to use the termahiṃsāas a nationalist slogan linked withsatyāgrahaimmediately after his return to India in 1915; (4) the English translation ofahiṃsāas “non-violence” was eventually coined by Gandhi after 1919 during his all-Indiasatyāgrahacampaign.
Peasants’ Rights as New Human Rights: Promises and Concerns for Agrobiodiversity Conservation
Authors: LOKHANDWALA Zainab
Published: March 2022

Agrobiodiversity conservation is vital for food security, maintaining ecological balance, and preserving socio-cultural norms. There is substantial evidence to support that agrobiodiversity hotspots coincide with localized, small-scale peasant food systems. Preserving such food systems is necessary for protecting agrobiodiversity. The current legal framework over agrobiodiversity is fragmented and inadequate. A major portion of this framework is situated within intellectual property law and farmers’ rights law, neither of which are designed to foster sustainable management of agrobiodiversity. In this context, the 2018 Peasants’ Rights Declaration has the potential to fill the gaps in the existing framework. The paper critically analyses the Declaration by exploring some of its legal innovations in improving agrobiodiversity conservation. While some of these innovations are commendable, they are unlikely to be adopted by states owing to their radical nature. Their adoption would require a massive overhaul of the existing agricultural model and power structures embedded within it.
Conceptualization, Measurement, and Validation of Effort- and	Valence-Based Just World Beliefs
Authors: Cheng Yuan , Nudelman Gabriel , Otto Kathleen , Ma Jianhong
Published: March 2022

Abstract: In this research, we propose that belief in a just world (BJW) can be divided into two distinct beliefs: one addressing the notion that efforts are rewarded, that is, effort-based BJW, and another maintaining that the valence associated with moral character leads to particular consequences, that is, valence-based BJW (e.g., good people are rewarded and bad people are punished). We used culturally relevant proverbs to design measures in German and Chinese. Samples of college students and working adults from both countries were collected to assess the reliability, factor structure, validity, and the nomological consistency of the newly developed measures. Both measures demonstrated strong evidence of the existence of and distinction between effort- and valence-based BJW, and they displayed unique patterns in predicting different variables beyond the effect of personal BJW and BJW for others, which may elucidate the precise justice beliefs related to different phenomena.
Nitrogen Sources for Phytoplankton in the Eastern Indian Ocean Determined From δ15N of Chlorophyll a and Divinylchlorophyll a
Authors: Isaji Yuta , Yoshikawa C. , Ogawa N. O. , Matsumoto K. , Makabe A. , Toyoda S. , Ishikawa N. F. , Ogawa H. , Saito H. , Honda M. C. , Ohkouchi N.
Published: March 2022

Nitrogen isotope analysis of chloropigments provides information on the sources of nitrogenous nutrients assimilated by phytoplankton. The abundant, ubiquitous chlorophyll a records nitrogen isotopic compositions (δ15N) of eukaryotic phytoplankton and cyanobacteria, whereas more source‐specific chloropigments, such as the divinylchlorophylls exclusively possessed by the marine picocyanobacterium Prochlorococcus, can potentially resolve isotopic variability within the phytoplankton community. In this study, we analyzed the δ15N of both chlorophyll a and divinylchlorophyll a isolated from suspended particulate material collected at the subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) along a meridional transect at 88°E in the oligotrophic eastern Indian Ocean. The nitrogen isotopic compositions of Prochlorococcus (δ15NPRO) and the combined biomass of eukaryotic phytoplankton and Synechococcus (δ15NEU+SYN) estimated from the δ15N of divinylchlorophyll a and chlorophyll a, respectively, revealed systematic variations that were not apparent from bulk isotope measurements. Whereas consistently low δ15NPRO indicated reliance of Prochlorococcus on regenerated nitrogen throughout the transect, elevation in δ15NEU+SYN values at several stations was interpreted to reflect assimilation of subsurface NO3− by eukaryotic phytoplankton. The δ15N distributions revealed subtle differences in NO3− availability at the SCM along the transect, which were consistently explained by the occurrence of mesoscale eddies in the Bay of Bengal, deepening of the mixed layer induced by a seasonal Wyrtki Jet in the equatorial region, and substantial deepening of the nutricline in the South Indian Ocean gyre. Our results highlight the utility of compound‐specific isotopic measurements of multiple species of chlorophylls in obtaining essential non‐incubation‐based biogeochemical constraints on the primary production in the ocean.
Crust and Upper Mantle Structure Beneath the Eastern United States
Authors: Chai Chengping , Ammon Charles J. , Maceira Monica , Herrmann Robert
Published: March 2022

The Eastern United States (EUS) has a complex geological history and hosts several seismic active regions. We investigate the subsurface structure beneath the broader EUS. To produce reliable images of the subsurface, we simultaneously invert smoothed P‐wave receiver functions, Rayleigh‐wave phase and group velocity measurements, and Bouguer gravity observations for the 3D shear‐wave speed. Using surface‐wave observations (3–250 s) and spatially smoothed receiver functions, our velocity models are robust, reliable, and rich in detail. The shear‐wave velocity models fit all three types of observations well. The resulting velocity model for the eastern U.S. shows thinner crust beneath New England, the east coast, and the Mississippi Embayment (ME). A relatively thicker crust was found beneath the stable North America craton. A relatively slower upper mantle was imaged beneath New England, the east coast, and western ME. A comparison of crust thickness derived from our model against four recent published models shows first‐order consistency. A relatively small upper mantle low‐speed region correlates with a published P‐wave analysis that has associated the anomaly with a 75 Ma kimberlite volcanic site in Kentucky. We also explored the relationship between the subsurface structure and seismicity in the eastern U.S. We found that earthquakes often locate near regions with seismic velocity variations, but not universally. Not all regions of significant subsurface wave speed changes are loci of seismicity. A weak correlation between upper mantle shear velocity and earthquake focal mechanism has been observed.
The Impact of a Reduced High‐Wind Charnock Parameter on Wave Growth With Application to the North Sea, the Norwegian Sea, and the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Breivik Øyvind , Carrasco Ana , Haakenstad Hilde , Aarnes Ole Johan , Behrens Arno , Bidlot Jean‐Raymond , Björkqvist Jan‐Victor , Bohlinger Patrik , Furevik Birgitte R. , Staneva Joanna , Reistad Magnar
Published: March 2022

As atmospheric models move to higher resolution and resolve smaller scales, the maximum modeled wind speed also tends to increase. Wave models tuned to coarser wind fields tend to overestimate the wave growth under strong winds. A recently developed semiempirical parameterization of the Charnock parameter, which controls the roughness length over surface waves, substantially reduces the aerodynamic drag of waves in high winds (above a threshold of 30 m s−1). Here, we apply the formulation in a recent version of the wave model WAM (Cycle 4.7), which uses a modified version of the physics parameterizations by Ardhuin et al. (2010, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010jpo4324.1) as well as subgrid obstructions for better performance around complex topography. The new Charnock formulation is tested with wind forcing from NORA3, a recently completed nonhydrostatic atmospheric downscaling of the global reanalysis ERA5 for the North Sea, the Norwegian Sea and the Barents Sea. Such high‐resolution atmospheric model integrations tend to have stronger (and more realistic) upper‐percentile winds than what is typically found in coarser atmospheric models. A 2‐year comparison (2011–2012) of a control run against the run with the modified Charnock parameter shows a dramatic reduction of the wave height bias in high‐wind cases. The added computational cost of the new physics and the reduction of the Charnock parameter compared to the earlier WAM physics is modest (14%). A longer (1998–2020) hindcast integration with the new Charnock parameter is found to compare well against in situ and altimeter wave measurements both for intermediate and high sea states.
Present‐Day Motion of the Arabian Plate
Authors: Viltres Renier , Jónsson Sigurjón , Alothman Abdulaziz O. , Liu Shaozhuo , Leroy Sylvie , Masson Frédéric , Doubre Cécile , Reilinger Robert
Published: March 2022

The present‐day motions in and around the Arabian plate involve a broad spectrum of tectonic processes including plate subduction, continental collision, seafloor spreading, intraplate magmatism, and continental transform faulting. Therefore, good constraints on the relative plate rates and directions, and on possible intraplate deformation, are crucial to assess the seismic hazard at the boundaries of the Arabian plate and areas within it. Here we combine GNSS‐derived velocities from 168 stations located on the Arabian plate with a regional kinematic block model to provide updated estimates of the present‐day motion and internal deformation of the plate. A single Euler pole at 50.93 ± 0.15°N, 353.91 ± 0.25°E with a rotation rate of 0.524 ± 0.001°/Ma explains well almost all the GNSS station velocities relative to the ITRF14 reference frame, confirming the large‐scale rigidity of the plate. Internal strain rates at the plate‐wide scale (∼0.4 nanostrain/yr) fall within the limits for stable plate interiors, indicating that differential motions are compensated for internally, which further supports the coherent rigid motion of the Arabian plate at present. At a smaller scale, however, we identified several areas within the plate that accommodate strain rates of up to ∼8 nanostrain/yr. Anthropogenic activity and possible subsurface magmatic activity near the western margin of the Arabian plate are likely responsible for the observed local internal deformation. Put together, our results show a remarkable level of stability for the Arabian lithosphere, which can withstand the long‐term load forces associated with active continental collision in the northeast and breakup to the southwest with minimal internal deformation.
Hydrogeophysical Inversion of Time‐Lapse ERT Data to Determine Hillslope Subsurface Hydraulic Properties
Authors: Pleasants M. S. , Neves F. dos A. , Parsekian A. D. , Befus K. M. , Kelleners T. J.
Published: March 2022

Time‐lapse electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) data are increasingly used to inform the hydrologic dynamics of mountainous environments at the hillslope scale. Despite their popularity and recent advancements in hydrogeophysical inversion methods, few studies have shown how time‐lapse ERT data can be used to determine hydraulic parameters of subsurface water flow models. This study uses synthetic and field‐collected, hillslope‐scale, time‐lapse ERT data to determine subsurface hydraulic properties of a two‐layer, physics‐based, 2‐D vertical flow model with predefined layer and boundary locations. Uncoupled and coupled hydrogeophysical inversion methods are combined with a fine‐earth fraction optimization scheme to reduce the number of parameters needing calibration and interpret the influence of the hydraulic parameters on the hydrologic model predictions. Inversions of synthetic ERT data recover the prescribed fine‐earth fraction bulk density to within 0.1 g cm−3. Field‐collected ERT data from a mountain hillslope result in hydrologic model dynamics that are consistent with previous studies and measured water content data but struggle to capture measured groundwater levels. The uncoupled hydrogeophysical inversion method is more sensitive to changes in hydraulic parameter values of the lower hydrologic model layer than the coupled hydrogeophysical inversion method. Time series of minimum objective function value simulations indicate that periodically collected ERT data may recover hydraulic parameters to a similar level of uncertainty as daily ERT data. Using simple hydrologic model domains within hydrogeophysical inversions shows promise for providing reasonable hydrologic predictions while maintaining relatively simple calibration schemes and should be explored further in future studies.
Three‐Dimensional Numerical Modeling of Cryo‐Hydrogeological Processes in a River‐Talik System in a Continuous Permafrost Environment
Authors: Liu Weibo , Fortier Richard , Molson John , Lemieux Jean‐Michel
Published: March 2022

In continuous permafrost environments, understanding complex river‐talik system dynamics is fundamental for the sustainable use of talik aquifers as a source of drinking water in remote communities. A conceptual model of a river‐talik system was previously developed based on field investigations in the floodplain of the Kuuguluk River at Salluit, Nunavik (Quebec), Canada, including geophysical surveys and monitoring of hydraulic heads and riverbed temperatures. This conceptual model is here used to develop a 3D numerical model for simulating the governing cryo‐hydrogeological processes and dynamic system behavior. The numerical simulations, supported by the field data, show that the width and thickness of the river talik is highly correlated to the width of the overlying riverbed. In summer, the river talik is hydraulically connected to the riverbed, and groundwater from the talik aquifer is contributing to river baseflow. In winter, when the river and riverbed freeze, the river talik becomes hydraulically isolated from the riverbed. Under such conditions, the river talik acts as a tube‐like conduit system which focusses groundwater flow. Increasing hydraulic heads at constrictions in the talik can be sufficient to fracture the frozen riverbed and ice cover, leading to groundwater overflows and icing formation. This study presents an integrated field and modeling approach for assessing the potential of talik aquifers as reliable sources of drinking water in northern communities.
Arraying of microphotosynthetic power cells for enhanced power output
Authors: Kuruvinashetti Kiran , Packirisamy Muthukumaran
Published: March 2022

Microphotosynthetic power cells (µPSCs) generate power through the exploitation of living photosynthetic microorganisms by harvesting sunlight. The thermodynamic limitations of this process restrict the power output of a single µPSC. Herein, we demonstrate µPSCs in four different array configurations to enhance power output from these power cells. To this effect, six µPSCs were arrayed in series, parallel, and combinations of series and parallel configurations. Each µPSC was injected with a 2 mL liquid culture of photosynthetic microorganisms (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) in the anode and 2 mL of 25% (w/v) electron acceptor potassium ferricyanide (K3Fe(CN)6) in the cathode. The combinations of µPSCs connected in series and parallel generated higher power than the individual series and parallel configurations. The combinations of six µPSCs connected in series and in parallel produced a high power density of 1914 mWm−2 in the presence of white fluorescent light illumination at 20 µEm−2s−1. Furthermore, to realize the array strategy for real-time applications, a 1.7 V/2 mA rating light-emitting diode (LED) was powered by combinations of series and parallel array configurations. The results indicate the reliability of µPSCs to produce electricity from photosynthetic microorganisms for low-power applications. In addition, the results suggest that a combination of microlevel photosynthetic cells in array format represents a powerful optimal design strategy to enhance the power output from µPSCs.
Hypoxia-induced long noncoding RNA NR2F1-AS1 maintains pancreatic cancer proliferation, migration, and invasion by activating the NR2F1/AKT/mTOR axis
Authors: Liu Yanqing , Chen Shiyu , Cai Kun , Zheng Dijie , Zhu Changhao , Li Lin , Wang Feiqing , He Zhiwei , Yu Chao , Sun Chengyi
Published: March 2022

Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the essential role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in various types of human cancer, including pancreatic cancer (PC). However, the functions and regulatory mechanisms of nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 1 antisense RNA 1 (NR2F1-AS1) that are responsible for its role in the malignant progression of PC cells remains to be investigated. In this study, the biological effects of NR2F1-AS1 and NR2F1 in PC were investigated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. The mechanisms of NR2F1-AS1 were monitored by bioinformatic predictive analysis and confirmatory experiments. Our results indicated that NR2F1-AS1 was overexpressed and positively correlated with poor survival in PC. Depletion of NR2F1-AS1 restrained PC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and suppressed xenograft tumor growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic experiments suggested that NR2F1-AS1 positively regulated the neighboring NR2F1 gene, which subsequently activated AKT/mTOR signaling, resulting in the upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Further investigations elucidated that NR2F1-AS1 expression was transcriptionally regulated by HIF-1α under hypoxia. These findings demonstrated that hypoxia-induced NR2F1-AS1 expression directly increased NR2F1 levels to promote PC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by activating AKT/mTOR signaling. Together, these findings suggest that NR2F1-AS1 could be a prospective therapeutic target for PC.
Global profiling reveals common and distinct N6-methyladenosine (m6A) regulation of innate immune responses during bacterial and viral infections
Authors: Feng Jian , Zhang Teng , Sorel Océane , Meng Wen , Zhang Xinquan , Lai Zhao , Yuan Weiming , Chen Yidong , Huang Yufei , Gao Shou-Jiang
Published: March 2022

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a dynamic post-transcriptional RNA modification influencing all aspects of mRNA biology. While m6A modifications during numerous viral infections have been described, the role of m6A in innate immune response remains unclear. Here, we examined cellular m6A epitranscriptomes during infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation to identify m6A-regulated innate immune response genes. We showed that a significant portion of cellular genes including many innate immune response genes underwent m6A modifications in 5'UTR and 3'UTR. We identified common and distinct m6A-modified genes under different stimulating conditions. Significantly, the expression of a subset of innate immune response genes was positively correlated with m6A level. Importantly, we identified genes that had significant enrichments of m6A peaks during P. aeruginosa infection following knockdown of m6A “eraser” ALKBH5, confirming the regulation of these genes by m6A and ALKBH5. Among them, we confirmed the association of m6A modification with gene expression in immune response genes TNFAIP3, IFIT1, IFIT2 and IFIH1. Taken together, our results revealed the vital role of m6A in regulating innate immunity against bacterial and viral infections. These works also provided rich resources for the scientific community.
Bone metabolism in patients with type 1 neurofibromatosis: key role of sun exposure and physical activity
Authors: Ferrara Ursula Pia , Tortora Cristina , Rosano Carmen , Assunto Antonia , Rossi Alessandro , Pagano Stefano , Falco Mariateresa , Simeoli Chiara , Ferrigno Rosario , D’Amico Alessandra , Di Salvio Dario , Cangemi Giuliana , Pivonello Rosario , Strisciuglio Pietro , Melis Daniela
Published: March 2022

Bone metabolism has been rarely investigated in children affected by Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Aim of the present study was to assess bone mineral metabolism in children and adults NF1 patients, to determine the relevant factors potentially involved in the development of reduced bone mineral density (BMD), and provide possible therapeutic intervention in NF1 patients. 114 NF1 patients and sex and age matched controls were enrolled into the study. Clinical and biochemical factors reflecting bone metabolism were evaluated. Factors potentially affecting BMD were also investigated including: physical activity, sun exposure, vitamin D intake. Whenever the presence of vitamin D deficiency was recorded, cholecalciferol supplementation was started and z-score data obtained at Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) during supplementation were compared with previous ones. NF1 patients showed lower Z-scores at Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry DXA than controls. Physical activity was significantly reduced in NF1 patients than in controls. Sun exposure was significantly lower in NF1 compared to control subjects. At linear regression analysis vitamin D was the most predictive factor of reduced z-score at DXA (p = 0.0001). Cholecalciferol supplementation significantly increased BMD z-score (p < 0.001). We speculated that a combination of different factors, including reduced sun exposure, possibly associated with reduced serum vitamin D levels, and poor physical activity, concur to the impaired bone status in NF1 patients. We also demonstrated that treatment with vitamin D can be effective in improving z-score value in NF1 patients, including children. In conclusion, the findings of the current study are expected to have important implications for the follow-up and prevention of osteopenia/osteoporosis in this common genetic disease.
Robo4 is constitutively shed by ADAMs from endothelial cells and the shed Robo4 functions to inhibit Slit3-induced angiogenesis
Authors: Xiao Wenyuan , Pinilla-Baquero Alejandro , Faulkner John , Song Xuehong , Prabhakar Pradeep , Qiu Hong , Moremen Kelley W. , Ludwig Andreas , Dempsey Peter J. , Azadi Parastoo , Wang Lianchun
Published: March 2022

Roundabout 4 (Robo4) is a transmembrane receptor that expresses specifically in endothelial cells. Soluble Robo4 was reported in the human plasma and mouse serum and is inhibitory towards FGF- and VEGF-induced angiogenesis. It remains unknown how soluble Robo4 is generated and if soluble Robo4 regulates additional angiogenic signaling. Here, we report soluble Robo4 is the product of constitutive ectodomain shedding of endothelial cell surface Robo4 by disintegrin metalloproteinases ADAM10 and ADAM17 and acts to inhibit angiogenic Slit3 signaling. Meanwhile, the ligand Slit3 induces cell surface receptor Robo4 endocytosis to shield Robo4 from shedding, showing Slit3 inhibits Robo4 shedding to enhance Robo4 signaling. Our study delineated ADAM10 and ADAM17 are Robo4 sheddases, and ectodomain shedding, including negative regulation by its ligand Slit3, represents a novel control mechanism of Robo4 signaling in angiogenesis.
Persistent post-concussive syndrome in children after mild traumatic brain injury is prevalent and vastly underdiagnosed
Authors: Fried Eli , Balla Uri , Catalogna Merav , Kozer Eran , Oren-Amit Adi , Hadanny Amir , Efrati Shai
Published: March 2022

Data on epidemiology and prognosticators of persistent post-concussion syndrome (PPCS) after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in the pediatric population is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of PPCS in children after mTBI and to identify clinical variables in children who are at high risk for developing PPCS. A multicenter, retrospective matched cohort in which PPCS symptoms were evaluated in children 8–15-year-old, 6–60 months after being admitted to the emergency department because of mTBI. The control group included children admitted to the emergency department because of uncomplicated distal radius fractures. The children's guardians were interviewed for the presence of PPCS symptoms using the "Rivermead Post-Concussion Questionnaire". A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify predictors of PPCS. Two-hundred and five children were included in the mTBI group and 205 in the control. The median time from the injury was 33.5 months in the mTBI group and 33.8 in the control. The prevalence of PPCS in the mTBI group was 25.3% and PPCS like symptoms in the control was 2.4%, p < 0.001. Within the 6–60 months period, the PPCS prevalence was not influenced by the time that elapsed from the injury. In the mTBI group, motor vehicle accidents and adolescence were found to be risk factors for PPCS. PPCS is underdiagnosed in the pediatric population and 25% of children admitted to the ED due to mTBI may suffer from PPCS. Screening guidelines should be implemented to identify and properly treat these children.
2D transistors rapidly printed from the crystalline oxide skin of molten indium
Authors: Hamlin Andrew B. , Ye Youxiong , Huddy Julia E. , Rahman Md Saifur , Scheideler William J.
Published: March 2022

Ultrathin single-nm channels of transparent metal oxides offer unparalleled opportunities for boosting the performance of low power, multifunctional thin-film electronics. Here we report a scalable and low-temperature liquid metal printing (LMP) process for unlocking the ultrahigh mobility of 2-dimensional (2D) InOx. These continuous nanosheets are rapidly (60 cm s−1) printed over large areas (30 cm2) directly from the native oxide skin spontaneously formed on molten indium. These nanocrystalline LMP InOx films exhibit unique 2D grain morphologies leading to exceptional conductivity as deposited. Quantum confinement and low-temperature oxidative postannealing control the band structure and electronic density of states of the 2D InOx channels, yielding thin-film transistors with ultrahigh mobility (μ0 = 67 cm2 V−1s−1), excellent current saturation, and low hysteresis at temperatures down to 165 °C. This work establishes LMP 2D InOx as an ideal low-temperature transistor technology for high-performance, large area electronics such as flexible displays, active interposers, and thin-film sensors.
Assignment-free chirality detection in unknown samples via microwave three-wave mixing
Authors: Koumarianou Greta , Wang Irene , Satterthwaite Lincoln , Patterson David
Published: March 2022

Straightforward identification of chiral molecules in multi-component mixtures of unknown composition is extremely challenging. Current spectrometric and chromatographic methods cannot unambiguously identify components while the state of the art spectroscopic methods are limited by the difficult and time-consuming task of spectral assignment. Here, we introduce a highly sensitive generalized version of microwave three-wave mixing that uses broad-spectrum fields to detect chiral molecules in enantiomeric excess without any prior chemical knowledge of the sample. This method does not require spectral assignment as a necessary step to extract information out of a spectrum. We demonstrate our method by recording three-wave mixing spectra of multi-component samples that provide direct evidence of enantiomeric excess. Our method opens up new capabilities in ultrasensitive phase-coherent spectroscopic detection that can be applied for chiral detection in real-life mixtures, raw products of chemical reactions and difficult to assign novel exotic species.
Probing active sites for carbon oxides hydrogenation on Cu/TiO2 using infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Shaaban Ehab , Li Gonghu
Published: March 2022

The valorization of carbon oxides on metal/metal oxide catalysts has been extensively investigated because of its ecological and economical relevance. However, the ambiguity surrounding the active sites in such catalysts hampers their rational development. Here, in situ infrared spectroscopy in combination with isotope labeling revealed that CO molecules adsorbed on Ti3+and Cu+interfacial sites in Cu/TiO2gave two disparate carbonyl peaks. Monitoring each of these peaks under various conditions enabled tracking the adsorption of CO, CO2, H2,and H2O molecules on the surface. At room temperature, CO was initially adsorbed on the oxygen vacancies to produce a high frequency CO peak, Ti3+−CO. Competitive adsorption of water molecules on the oxygen vacancies eventually promoted CO migration to copper sites to produce a low-frequency CO peak. In comparison, the presence of gaseous CO2inhibits such migration by competitive adsorption on the copper sites. At temperatures necessary to drive CO2and CO hydrogenation reactions, oxygen vacancies can still bind CO molecules, and H2spilled-over from copper also competed for adsorption on such sites. Our spectroscopic observations demonstrate the existence of bifunctional active sites in which the metal sites catalyze CO2dissociation whereas oxygen vacancies bind and activate CO molecules.
Optical excitations of Skyrmions, knotted solitons, and defects in atoms
Authors: Parmee Christopher D. , Dennis Mark R. , Ruostekoski Janne
Published: March 2022

Analogies between non-trivial topologies of matter and light have inspired numerous studies, including defect formation in structured light and topological photonic band structures. Three-dimensional topological objects of localised particle-like nature attract broad interest across discipline boundaries from elementary particle physics and cosmology to condensed matter physics. Here we propose how simple structured light beams can be transformed into optical excitations of atoms with considerably more complex topologies representing three-dimensional particle-like Skyrmions. This construction can also be described in terms of linked Hopf maps, analogous to knotted solitons of the Skyrme-Faddeev model. We identify the transverse polarisation density current as the effective magnetic gauge potential for the Chern-Simons helicity term. While we prepare simpler two-dimensional baby-Skyrmions and singular defects using the traditional Stokes vectors on the Poincaré sphere for light, particle-like topologies can only be achieved in the full optical hypersphere description that no longer discards the variation of the total electromagnetic phase of vibration.
Critical active dynamics is captured by a colored-noise driven field theory
Authors: Maggi Claudio , Gnan Nicoletta , Paoluzzi Matteo , Zaccarelli Emanuela , Crisanti Andrea
Published: March 2022

Active matter may sometimes behave almost indistinguishably from equilibrium matter. This is particularly evident for some particle-based models and active field-theories close to a critical point which falls in the Ising universality class. Here we show however that, even when critical, active particles strongly violate the equilibrium fluctuation-dissipation in the high-wave-vector and high-frequency regime. Conversely, at larger spatiotemporal scales the theorem is progressively restored and the critical dynamics is in effective equilibrium. We develop a field-theoretical description of this scenario employing a space-time correlated noise field finding that the theory qualitatively captures the numerical results already at the Gaussian level. Moreover a dynamic renormalization group analysis shows that the correlated noise does not change the equilibrium critical exponents. Our results demonstrate that a correlated noise field is a fundamental ingredient to describe critical active matter at the coarse-grained level.
Quasi-static strain governing ultrafast spin dynamics
Authors: Shin Yooleemi , Vomir Mircea , Kim Dong-Hyun , Van Phuoc Cao , Jeong Jong-Ryul , Kim Ji-Wan
Published: March 2022

The quasi-static strain (QSS) is the product induced by the lattice thermal expansion after ultrafast photo-excitation. Although the ultrafast spin dynamics driven by the QSS and thermal effects are barely distinguishable in time, they should be treated separately because of their different fundamental actions. By employing ultrafast Sagnac interferometry and the magneto-optical Kerr effect, we demonstrate quantitatively the existence of QSS and the decoupling of two effects counteracting each other in typical polycrystalline Co and Ni films. The Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert and Kittel equations considering a magnetoelastic energy term showed that QSS, rather than the thermal energy, in ferromagnets plays a governing role in ultrafast spin dynamics. This demonstration provides a way to analyze ultrafast photo-induced phenomena.
Quantum imaginary time evolution steered by reinforcement learning
Authors: Cao Chenfeng , An Zheng , Hou Shi-Yao , Zhou D. L. , Zeng Bei
Published: March 2022

The quantum imaginary time evolution is a powerful algorithm for preparing the ground and thermal states on near-term quantum devices. However, algorithmic errors induced by Trotterization and local approximation severely hinder its performance. Here we propose a deep reinforcement learning-based method to steer the evolution and mitigate these errors. In our scheme, the well-trained agent can find the subtle evolution path where most algorithmic errors cancel out, enhancing the fidelity significantly. We verified the method’s validity with the transverse-field Ising model and the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model. Numerical calculations and experiments on a nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computer illustrate the efficacy. The philosophy of our method, eliminating errors with errors, sheds light on error reduction on near-term quantum devices.
Dielectric barrier discharge-assisted determination of methylmercury in particulate matter by atomic absorption spectrometry
Authors: Coelho Junior Gilberto da S. , Fontana Klaiani B. , Maranhão Tatiane A. , Borges Daniel L. G.
Published: March 2022

Simple and inexpensive custom-made CVG and DBD devices were developed and applied to demonstrate methylmercury adsorption on particulate matter.
Two-dimensional penta-like PdPSe with a puckered pentagonal structure: a first-principles study
Authors: Bafekry A. , Fadlallah M. M. , Faraji M. , Shafique A. , Jappor H. R. , Abdolhoseini Sarsari I. , Ang Yee Sin , Ghergherehchi M.
Published: March 2022

Low-symmetry penta-PdPSe nanosheet is computationally studied using first-principle calculations. Penta-PdPSe is predicted to be an excellent 2D materials with excellent visible light absorption, water splitting and thermoelectric performance.
Theoretical study on an intriguing excited-state proton transfer process induced by weakened intramolecular hydrogen bonds
Authors: Shang Changjiao , Cao Yunjian , Sun Chaofan , Zhao Huifang
Published: March 2022

The proton transfer process in anti and syn forms distinctively occurs along the excited-state weakened IHB. Based on quantum chemical calculations, it can be unveiled that only the single proton transfer reaction could occur along N1–H2⋯O3.
Hydrogen-bonding and acid cooperative catalysis for benzylation of arenes with benzyl alcohols over ionic liquids
Authors: Wu Fengtian , Zhao Yanfei , Wang Yuepeng , Xu Yueting , Tang Minhao , Wang Zhenpeng , Han Buxing , Liu Zhimin
Published: March 2022

A hydrogen-bonding and acid cooperative catalysis strategy for the benzylation of arenes with benzyl alcohols over acidic ILs [SO3H-PMIm][OTf] was reported.
Sequential resolution of (S) and (R)-6-fluoro-chroman-2-carboxylic acid by two esterases in turn
Authors: Jiang Min , Liu Yong-Jun , Liu Guo-Song , Zhou Wei , Shen Ya-Ling , Gao Bei , Wang Feng-Qing , Wei Dong-Zhi
Published: March 2022

We developed a “sequential biphasic batch resolution” process for the production of optically pure (S) and (R)-6-fluoro-chroman-2-carboxylic acid from methyl 6-fluoro-chroman-2-carboxylate.
A new gain calibration protocol for Faraday amplifiers equipped with a 1013 Ω resistor
Authors: Asanuma Hisashi , Yamamoto Kota , Kemuyama Yuta , Hirata Takafumi
Published: March 2022

A new calibration method (roundabout method) was developed to precisely determine the amplification gains of 1013 Ω Faraday detectors.
Biological properties of novel mono and double-decker hexadeca-substituted metal phthalocyanines
Authors: Farajzadeh Nazli , Çelik Çetin , Özdemir Sadin , Gonca Serpil , Koçak Makbule Burkut
Published: March 2022

This study reports chemical agents that exhibit efficient antibacterial photodynamic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, biofilm inhibition, and DNA cleavage activities.
Plasmonic crescent nanoarray-based surface lattice resonance sensor with a high figure of merit
Authors: Wang Lei , Wang Qi , Wang Tie-Qiang , Zhao Wan-Ming , Yin Xiang-Yu , Jiang Ju-Xin , Zhang Shu-Shuai
Published: March 2022

Both resonance spectrum with high Q-factor and sensing characteristic with high figure of merit are achieved by plasmonic crescent nanoarrays.
Altering singlet fission pathways in perylene-dimers; perylene-diimide versus perylene-monoimide
Authors: Papadopoulos Ilias , Gutiérrez-Moreno David , Bo Yifan , Casillas Rubén , Greißel Phillip M. , Clark Timothy , Fernández-Lázaro Fernando , Guldi Dirk M.
Published: March 2022

The inherent differences on coplanarity and dipole moment in perylene-monoimides versus perylene-diimides and their impact on the singlet fission process were investigated in a series of phenylene- and naphthalene-linked dimers.
Synthesis of nanostructured protein–mineral-microcapsules by sonication
Authors: Doering Ulrike , Grigoriev Dmitry , Tapio Kosti , Bald Ilko , Böker Alexander
Published: March 2022

A simple ultrasonic fabrication of composite microcapsules is proposed. Capsules with various protein-modified nanoparticles in the shells and different oily cores are prepared and characterized by EDX, TGA, zeta potential and Raman spectroscopy.
One-pot two-step process directly converting biomass-derived carbohydrate to lactide
Authors: Gao Lou , Du Ke , Yan Tianlan , Li He , Pan Di , Zhang Yahong , Tang Yi
Published: March 2022

Direct and efficient conversion from carbohydrate to multifarious lactide isomers with a similar proportion over zeolite catalysts.
Liposome triggered content release through molecular recognition of inositol trisphosphate
Authors: Bottcher Sydney E. , Lou Jinchao , Best Michael D.
Published: March 2022

Liposome cargo release triggered by IP3 is achieved using a synthetic lipid switch designed to undergo conformational changes upon binding.
Fast growth of precursors for 3D ordered TiO2 mesocrystals: from (NH4)2TiOF4 plates to NH4TiOF3 disks
Authors: Li Hui
Published: March 2022

In this work, ammonium oxofluorotitanate mesocrystals were prepared via an electrochemical route and converted to anatase TiO2 mesocrystals. A unique transition process from (NH4)2TiOF4 rods to crosses and finally to NH4TiOF3 disks was revealed.
Metal–organic frameworks and their derivatives as electrode materials for Li-ion batteries: a mini review
Authors: Chen Yueying , Du Wenqing , Dou Bingxin , Chen Jiahao , Hu Lei , Zeb Akif , Lin Xiaoming
Published: March 2022

Research progress on metal–organic frameworks and their derivatives as functional materials for lithium-ion battery applications has been presented.
The gas-phase infrared spectra of the 2-methylallyl radical and its high-temperature reaction products
Authors: Preitschopf Tobias , Hirsch Florian , Lemmens Alexander K. , Rijs Anouk M. , Fischer Ingo
Published: March 2022

The resonance-stabilized 2-methylallyl radical, 2-MA, is considered as a possible intermediate in the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in combustion processes.
A highly efficient Ti-catalyst for the deoxygenative reduction of esters under ambient conditions: experimental and mechanistic insights from DFT studies
Authors: Bhattacharjee Jayeeta , Rawal Parveen , Das Suman , Harinath Adimulam , Gupta Puneet , Panda Tarun K.
Published: March 2022

A combined experimental & DFT study of the catalytic deoxygenative reduction of organic esters with HBpin using a TiIV alkyl complex as a competent catalyst to afford corresponding boryl ether at room temperature under neat conditions is reported.
Facile C–N bond cleavage of primary aliphatic amines by (salen)ruthenium(vi) nitrido complexes
Authors: Pan Yunling , Cheng Lin , Pan Yi , Man Wai-Lun , Yiu Shek-Man , Xie Jianhui , Lau Kai-Chung , Lau Tai-Chu
Published: March 2022

A (salen)ruthenium(vi) nitrido complex reacts rapidly with primary amines leading to C–N bond cleavage owing to the formation of stable NN after the initial coupling of the amine N and the nitrido ligand.
Development of prospective non-toxic inhibitors of ABCB1 activity and expression in a series of selenophenoquinolinones
Authors: Vasiljeva Jelena , Makrecka-Kuka Marina , Domracheva Ilona , Vilks Karlis , Dimitrijevs Pavels , Arsenyan Pavel
Published: March 2022

Selenophenoquinolinone is a prospective scaffold for the development of ABCB1 inhibitors for the treatment of MDR cancers.
Pyridine-based conjugated microporous polymers as adsorbents for CO2 uptake via weak supramolecular interaction
Authors: Zhang Yuwei , Zhang Chunyu , Shi Wei , Zhang Zhenwei , Zhao Yanning , Luo Xiaolong , Liu Xiaoming
Published: March 2022

Two pyridine-based conjugated microporous polymers with high micro-porosity exhibited a high CO2 capture value via weak supramolecular interaction.
Research progress in improving the oxygen evolution reaction by adjusting the 3d electronic structure of transition metal catalysts
Authors: Chang Haiyang , Liang Zhijian , Wang Lei , Wang Cheng
Published: March 2022

As a clean and renewable energy carrier, hydrogen (H2) has become an attractive alternative to dwindling fossil fuels.
Brønsted base-catalyzed 1,2-addition/[1,2]-phospha-Brook rearrangement sequence providing functionalized phosphonates
Authors: Kondoh Azusa , Terada Masahiro
Published: March 2022

A new methodology for the introduction of functional groups into an organic molecule was developed by utilizing the 1,2-addition/[1,2]-phospha-Brook rearrangement sequence under Brønsted base catalysis.
Paper-based sensors for diagnostics, human activity monitoring, food safety and environmental detection
Authors: Yao Zhuoqi , Coatsworth Philip , Shi Xuewen , Zhi Jiacai , Hu Lixuan , Yan Ren , Güder Firat , Yu Hai-Dong
Published: March 2022

Paper-based sensors exploiting the advantages of paper can replace traditional substrate materials for building sensors which are simple to manufacture, inexpensive, easy-to-operate, portable and disposable.
Irradiated but not eclipsed, the case of PSR J0610−2100
Authors: van der Wateren E. , Bassa C. G. , Clark C. J. , Breton R. P. , Cognard I. , Guillemot L. , Janssen G. H. , Lyne A. G. , Stappers B. W. , Theureau G.
Published: March 2022

We report on radio timing observations of the black widow binary pulsar J0610−2100 and optical observations of its binary companion. The radio timing observations extend the timing baseline to 16 yr and reveal a marginal detection of the orbital period derivative, but they show no significant evidence of orbital variations such as those seen in other black widow pulsars. Furthermore, no eclipses are seen in the observations at observing frequencies ranging from 310 to 2700 MHz. The optical VRI light curves were modulated with the orbital period, reaching maximum brightness of V = 26.8, R = 25.4, and I = 23.8 at superior conjunction of the companion, confirming irradiation of the companion by the pulsar. Modelling the light curves indicates that the companion is likely not filling its Roche lobe, while having a moderate inclination (i >  54°). We find an unusually low temperature and a low irradiation for the irradiated hemisphere of the companion. We investigate the absence of radio eclipses in PSR J0610−2100 and in other black widow systems in relation to their binary, pulsar, and companion properties. We also discuss the suitability of PSR J0610−2100 for pulsar timing array observations aimed at detecting nano-Hertz gravitational waves.