bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
South American Monogenealist of species, hosts and geographical distribution from 1997 to 2008
Authors: COHEN SIMONE C. , KOHN ANNA
Published: June 2019

A list of 135 monogenean species is presented updating the papers published by Kohn & Cohen (1989) and Kohn & Paiva (2000), increasing to 658 the number of known species in South America. After 1997, 104 monogeneans had been described as new species: 65 from Brazil, 13 from Argentina, 10 from Venezuela, 04 from Chile, two from Guyana, one from French Guyana, Peru and Uruguay each. Some species had been originally described in the same publication from more than one country: 04 from Brazil, Peru and Venezuela, two from Brazil and Peru, two from Brazil and Argentina and one from Argentina and Uruguay. More 31 known species had been reported for the first time in South America: 02 from Argentina, 24 from Brazil, one from Colombia and Brazil, one from Chile and Peru, one from Surinam and Brazil and two from Peru. It was also included in the present paper, 62 species which were already listed in Kohn & Cohen (1998) and reported after 1997 in different South American countries. From, Ecuador, Falkland, Galapagos and Paraguay none species had been reported in this period. A host-parasite list is also presented.
A new species of Pseudoechthistatus Pic, 1917 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae) from Yunnan, China
Authors: WANG PING , XIE GUANGLIN , WANG WENKAI
Published: June 2019

Pseudoechthistatus hei Xie & W. Wang sp. nov. from Yunnan, China is described and illustrated.
A new species and new records of scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) from Algeria
Authors: SAIFI MOUNIR , DISNEY R. HENRY L. , DOUMANDJI SALAHEDDINE
Published: June 2019

Among seven species caught at wild boar carcasses in Algeria Megaselia falsum  Disney n. sp. is described and the hitherto unknown female of M. iberiensis Disney.
A new Western North Atlantic Ocean kitefin shark (Squaliformes: Dalatiidae) from the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: GRACE MARK A. , DOOSEY MICHAEL H. , DENTON JOHN S. S. , NAYLOR GAVIN J. P. , BART HENRY L. Jr. , MAISEY JOHN G.
Published: June 2019

A new species of kitefin shark (Squaliformes; Dalatiidae) is described from the Gulf of Mexico (Western North Atlantic Ocean) based on five diagnostic features not seen on the only other known Mollisquama specimen, the holotype of Mollisquama parini Dolganov which was captured in the Eastern South Pacific Ocean. The new species, Mollisquama mississippiensis sp. nov., is distinguished from its congener by a putative pit organ located ventrally just posterior of the lower jaw margin center, photophores irregularly distributed along many areas of the body, 16 distinct ventral-abdominal photophore aggregations, and two differences associated with the dentition. Other potential distinguishing features are 10 fewer vertebrae than Mollisquama parini and six morphometric proportional differences that exceeded +/- 20% from the holotype.
Seven new species of the genus Deltoplastis Meyrick, 1925 (Lepidoptera: Lecithoceridae)
Authors: YU SHUAI , PARK KYU-TEK , WANG SHUXIA
Published: June 2019

Seven new species of the genus Deltoplastis Meyrick are described: D. acutangulata Wang et Yu, sp. nov., D. anatoliana Wang et Park, sp. nov., D. multidentalis Wang et Yu, sp. nov. and D. similihoristis Wang et Yu, sp. nov. from China; D. aculeata Wang et Yu, sp. nov. and D. spatuliunca Wang et Yu, sp. nov. from Malaysian Borneo; and D. ovidiscalis Park et Wang, sp. nov. from Vietnam. Deltoplastis horistis (Meyrick, 1910) is newly recorded in China and its female is described for the first time. Images of adults and genitalia of the new species are provided.
3. Developing a Professional Online Presence and Effective Network
Authors: Beckingham Sue
Published: June 2019

This chapter focusses on the value of showcasing academic achievements as a student or educator, and looks at how this can demonstrate student learning gain and teaching excellence. There are a variety of different ways to present academic work through the use of multimedia and digital portfolios, and key to the success of this is understanding how social media can be used in a professional context to maximise reach. Furthermore, a framework will be introduced to exemplify the fundamental areas to focus on. Readers will then learn how they can utilise their profile to network with others and identify how this can open ‘virtual doors’ to new job opportunities, work experience, CPD and informal learning, and potential collaborations for future research.
6. Open and Networked Scholarship
Authors: Koseoglu Suzan
Published: June 2019

Koseoglu explores the emergence of open and networked scholarship. She notes that social media can have a positive impact on an individual’s ability to build Personal Learning Networks (PLN) through Twitter chats, but there can also be tensions between personal, professional and institutional use. She argues that academics need to have an understanding of networked structures and recognise that these structures often mirror the inequalities and prejudices that exist in society at large. She also highlights the power issues inherent in online networks and questions the premise these that open networks are in fact empowering or a force for change.
8. The Use of Social Media Tools and Their Application to Creative Students
Authors: Gossain Serena
Published: June 2019

Gossain’s chapter discusses how she introduced specific social media tools into her teaching. The case study shows how she used Instagram and Pinterest with students studying a BA in Advertising at the London College of Communications. She explains the rationale of these changes and relates them to contemporary theories of education and learning.
20. Learning to Twalk
Authors: Middleton Andrew , Spiers Alex
Published: June 2019

In Andrew Middleton’s chapter he explains what a ‘Twalk’ is, how to design effective Twalks, and why they create useful and rich learning environments. Drawing on his experience organising several Twalks, Andrew set out some emerging issues that should be considered by academics interested in using and developing such novel, blended social media learning spaces, especially if personal learning technologies are used.
The Fall Speed Variability of Similarly Sized Ice Particle Aggregates
Authors: Schmitt Carl G. , Sulia Kara , Lebo Zachary J. , Heymsfield Andrew J. , Przybyo Vanessa , Connolly Paul
Published: June 2019

The terminal velocity (Vt) of ice hydrometeors is of high importance to atmospheric modeling. Vt is governed by the physical characteristics of a hydrometeor, including mass and projected area, as well as environmental conditions. When liquid hydrometeors coalesce to form larger hydrometeors, the resulting hydrometeor can readily be characterized by its spherical or near-spherical shape. For ice hydrometeors, it is more complicated because of the variability of ice shapes possible in the atmosphere as well as the inherent randomness in the aggregation process, which leads to highly variable characteristics. The abundance of atmospheric processes affecting ice particle dimensional characteristics creates potential for highly variable Vt for ice particles that are predicted or measured to be of the “same size.” In this article we explore the variability of ice hydrometeor Vt both theoretically and through the use of experimental observations. Theoretically, the variability in Vt is investigated by analyzing the microphysical characteristics of randomly aggregated hexagonal shapes. The modeled dimensional characteristics are then compared to aircraft probe measurements to constrain the variability in atmospheric ice hydrometeor Vt. Results show that the spread in Vt can be represented with Gaussian distributions relative to a mean. Variability expressed as the full width at half maximum of the normalized Gaussian probability distribution function is around 20%, with somewhat higher values associated with larger particle sizes and warmer temperatures. Field campaigns where mostly convective clouds were sampled displayed low variability, while Arctic and midlatitude winter campaigns showed broader Vt spectra.
A Process-Based Climatological Evaluation of AIRS Level 3 Tropospheric Thermodynamics over the High-Latitude Arctic
Authors: Sedlar Joseph , Tjernström Michael
Published: June 2019

Measurements from spaceborne sensors have the unique capacity to fill spatial and temporal gaps in ground-based atmospheric observing systems, especially over the Arctic, where long-term observing stations are limited to pan-Arctic landmasses and infrequent field campaigns. The AIRS level 3 (L3) daily averaged thermodynamic profile product is widely used for process understanding across the sparsely observed Arctic atmosphere. However, detailed investigations into the accuracy of the AIRS L3 thermodynamic profiles product using in situ observations over the high-latitude Arctic are lacking. To address this void, we compiled a wealth of radiosounding profiles from long-term Arctic land stations and included soundings from intensive icebreaker-based field campaigns. These are used to evaluate daily mean thermodynamic profiles from the AIRS L3 product so that the community can understand to what extent such data records can be applied in scientific studies. Results indicate that, while the mid- to upper-troposphere temperature and specific humidity are captured relatively well by AIRS, the lower troposphere is susceptible to specific seasonal, and even monthly, biases. These differences have a critical influence on the lower-tropospheric stability structure. The relatively coarse vertical resolution of the AIRS L3 product, together with infrared radiation through persistent low Arctic cloud layers, leads to artificial thermodynamic structures that fail to accurately represent the lower Arctic atmosphere. These thermodynamic errors are likely to introduce artificial errors in the boundary layer structure and analysis of associated physical processes.
Does Intra-household Contagion Cause an Increase in Prescription Opioid Use?
Authors: de Vaan Mathijs , Stuart Toby
Published: June 2019

Opioid use claims many thousands of lives each year. This article considers the diffusion of prescription opioid (PO) use within family households as one potential culprit of the proliferation of these medications. In an analysis of hundreds of millions of medical claims and almost 14 million opioid prescriptions in one state between 2010 and 2015, we show that the use of POs spreads within family households. We also show that the treatment effect of exposure to a family member’s PO use is driven by an increase in PO consumption for medical conditions that members of treated and untreated families experience at nearly identical rates. This pattern of results suggests household exposure causes an uptick in patient demand for prescription opioids. We use an instrumental variable estimation strategy to address the well-known challenges to estimating a causal effect of intra-household contagion, such as genotypic similarities among family members, assortative matching in partner selection, and clustering of health conditions within households. The results spotlight the salience of the most ubiquitous social structure, the family household, in accelerating opioid consumption to unprecedented levels. The findings also suggest that rather than direct social influence between physicians, the spread of prescription behavior in physician networks may be driven by shifts in patient demand that propagate through the patient sharing network.
Tourist Industry: Sustainability and Local Versus Global Consumer Happiness
Authors: Corvo Paolo
Published: June 2019

Sustainability and the pursuit of happiness are concepts frequently used in the academic community as well as in the ordinary language. It is objectively difficult to define these terms and their characteristics as well as everything that is fashionable and trendy (Bauman, 1998, Globalization. The human consequences. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press; 2005, Liquid life. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press). Tourism applies both phenomena, as many accommodation facilities follow sustainable practices or are inspired by them. Moreover, desire for well-being represents one of the most important needs of the contemporary postmodern society, and it affects many tourists’ choices. These features are not always well-balanced in tour operators travel and holiday offers and in the protagonists’ experience. Moreover, the economic and global crisis, started in 2008, is causing deep transformations in the consumers’ habits and is posing a further element of complexity. With particular reference to Asian contexts of tourism, the article particularly focuses on how the tourism industry has become interested in a ‘return to nature’, rural themes and related aspects of ‘slow tourism’.
Animals’ Praise of God
Authors: Johnson Elizabeth
Published: June 2019

In of the face of mass extinctions, this essay proposes that animals’ praise of God is more than a metaphor but an actual event happening in real time without human mediation. To make the case, it explores the God-animal relationship attested in the Bible and contemporary theology, where animals’ praise nests within the praise of all creation. The resulting insight gives support to an ecological ethic that aims to keep the song alive.
Epidemiology Workforce Capacity in 27 Large Urban Health Departments in the United States, 2017
Authors: McGinty Meghan D. , Binkin Nancy , Arrazola Jessica , Israel Mia N. , Juliano Chrissie
Published: June 2019

Objectives:

The Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) has periodically assessed the epidemiological capacity of states since 2001, but the data do not reflect the total US epidemiology capacity. CSTE partnered with the Big Cities Health Coalition (BCHC) in 2017 to assess epidemiology capacity in large urban health departments. We described the epidemiology workforce capacity of large urban health departments in the United States and determined gaps in capacity among BCHC health departments.

Methods:

BCHC, in partnership with CSTE, modified the 2017 State Epidemiology Capacity Assessment for its 30 member departments. Topics in the assessment included epidemiology leadership, staffing, funding, capacity to perform 4 epidemiology-related Essential Public Health Services, salary ranges, hiring requirements, use of competencies, training needs, and job vacancies.

Results:

The 27 (90%) BCHC-member health departments that completed the assessment employed 1091 full-time equivalent epidemiologists. All or nearly all health departments provided epidemiology services for programs in infectious disease (n = 27), maternal and child health (n = 27), preparedness (n = 27), chronic diseases (n = 25), vital statistics (n = 25), and environmental health (n = 23). On average, funding for epidemiology activities came from local (47%), state (24%), and federal (27%) sources. Health departments reported needing a 40% increase from the current number of epidemiologists to achieve ideal epidemiology capacity. Twenty-five health departments reported substantial-to-full capacity to monitor health problems, 21 to diagnose health problems, 11 to conduct evaluations, and 9 to perform applied research.

Conclusions:

Strategies to meet 21st century challenges and increase substantial-to-full epidemiological capacity include seeking funds from nongovernmental sources, partnering with schools and programs of public health, and identifying creative solutions to hiring and retaining epidemiologists.
A pattern-based validation method for the credibility evaluation of simulation models
Authors: Laili Yuanjun , Zhang Lin , Luo Yongliang
Published: June 2019

Measuring the credibility of a simulation model has always been challenging due to its growing uncertainty and complexity. During the past decades, plenty of metrics and evaluation procedures have been developed for evaluating different sorts of simulation models. Most of the existing research focuses on the direct comparison of numerical results with a group of reference data. However, it is sometimes unsuitable for evolving dynamic models such as the multi-agent models. With the same condition, both the practical system and the simulation model perform highly dynamic actions. The credibility of the model with insufficient information, non-stationary states and changing environment is unable to acquire through a direct pair comparison. This paper presents a pattern-based validation method to complementarily extract hidden patterns that exist in both a simulation model and its reference data, and assess the model performance in a different aspect. Firstly, multi-dimensional perceptually important points strategy is modified to find the patterns exist in time-serial data. Afterward, a pattern organizing topology is applied to automatically depict required pattern from reference data and assess the performance of the corresponding simulation model. The extensive case study on three simulation models shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Analyzing Meaning in Big Data: Performing a Map Analysis Using Grammatical Parsing and Topic Modeling
Authors: Goldenstein Jan , Poschmann Philipp
Published: June 2019

Social scientists have recently started discussing the utilization of text-mining tools as being fruitful for scaling inductively grounded close reading. We aim to progress in this direction and provide a contemporary contribution to the literature. By focusing on map analysis, we demonstrate the potential of text-mining tools for text analysis that approaches inductive but still formal in-depth analysis. We propose that a combination of text-mining tools addressing different layers of meaning facilitates a closer analysis of the dynamics of manifest and latent meanings than is currently acknowledged. To illustrate our approach, we combine grammatical parsing and topic modeling to operationalize communication structures within sentences and the semantic surroundings of these communication structures. We use a reliable and downloadable software application to analyze the dynamic interlacement of two layers of meaning over time. We do so by analyzing 15,371 newspaper articles on corporate responsibility published in the United States from 1950 to 2013.
Grouping affects children’s interpretation of a label for an animal, but not for an artifact
Authors: Hartin Travis L. , Merriman William E.
Published: June 2019

The authors conducted three experiments examining the effect of grouping on children’s generalization of animal labels. In Experiment 1 ( N = 96), first graders ( M age = 6 years, 10 months) who had seen a novel animal grouped with similar animals generalized its trained label more broadly than those who had seen it by itself or grouped with dissimilar animals. Generalization of artifact labels was unaffected by condition. In Experiment 2, 4-year-olds ( N = 96) also showed this pattern, but 3-year-olds ( N = 96) showed no effects. In Experiment 3 ( N = 48), 4-year-olds again showed the effect for animal labels in a design that eliminated alternatives to a grouping explanation. At least by age 4, children tend to judge that members of a group of similar animals belong to the same category, and this judgment affects how they interpret a label that is introduced for a member of the group. Explanations for why children tend to make these judgments and the implications for accounts of children’s word learning are discussed.
Carbon and hydrogen isotope fractionation for methane from non-isothermal pyrolysis of oil in anhydrous and hydrothermal conditions
Authors: He Kun , Zhang Shuichang , Mi Jingkui , Fang Yu , Zhang Wenlong
Published: June 2019

In this study, to ascertain the carbon and hydrogen isotope fractionation of oil cracking gas (secondary gas) in hydrothermal conditions, non-isothermal pyrolysis of oil with and without water was carried out by a gold-tube system. By determination of the yields of individual gas products, it is found that the presence of water enhanced the yields of hydrocarbon gases. However, kinetic calculations indicate that Ea for the generation of methane and C2–5 in pyrolysis in hydrothermal conditions are essentially identical with those in anhydrous pyrolysis. The yields of carbon dioxide (CO2) and alkene gases in pyrolysis in hydrothermal conditions are evidently higher than those in anhydrous pyrolysis. It is reasonable that water–hydrocarbon reactions occurred and contributed to the generation of secondary gas in hydrothermal conditions. Meanwhile, the presence of water resulted in a slight depletion of 13C for methane and an evident depletion of 13C for CO2. Thermodynamic calculations suggest that water–hydrocarbon reactions in non-isothermal pyrolysis are dominated by free radical mechanism rather than ionic mechanism. Moreover, δ2H values of methane are apparently different in pyrolysis involving water with different δ2H. This result demonstrates that water provided hydrogen for hydrocarbon gas generation. Finally, we established mathematical models based on isotope fractionation to quantitatively determine the contribution of water–hydrocarbon reactions for gas generation in both experimental and geological conditions.
Effect of chronic variable stress on sensitization to amphetamine in high and low sucrose-consuming rats
Authors: Kõiv Kadri , Vares Marten , Kroon Cristina , Metelitsa Mait , Tiitsaar Kai , Laugus Karita , Jaako Külli , Harro Jaanus
Published: June 2019

Background:

Individual vulnerability to stress manifests in the interaction of innate properties and environment. There is a growing interest in the individual variability in vulnerability to stress and how it contributes to the development of psychiatric disorders. Intake of palatable substances is often measured in animal models. We have previously demonstrated that the consumption of sucrose solution is a stable trait in rats.

Aims:

The present study aimed to compare the sensitivity of rats with high vs low liquid sucrose consumption to chronic variable stress and the stress effect on behavioural sensitization to amphetamine.

Methods:

Male Wistar rats were subjected to a chronic stress regimen and subsequent repeated treatment with amphetamine (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Fifty-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations, locomotor activity and stereotypies were measured.

Results:

In no-stress baseline conditions, the behavioural response to acute amphetamine was similar in rats with high vs low sucrose consumption. Prior chronic stress potentiated the effect of amphetamine only in rats with high sucrose consumption. Behavioural sensitization to repeated administration of amphetamine was observed in non-stressed rats with lower sucrose preference, but not in the respective stressed group that had increased monoamine turnover in the nucleus accumbens. In contrast, in rats with high sucrose preference the amphetamine sensitization effect was prevalent in stressed rats, but not in non-stressed animals.

Interpretation:

Chronic stress can change the psychostimulant effect but this depends on the inherent reward sensitivity of the animal. Trait-wise, sucrose intake reflects vulnerability to chronic stress and may interact with the development of addiction.
How glycogen sustains brain function: A plausible allosteric signaling pathway mediated by glucose phosphates
Authors: DiNuzzo Mauro
Published: June 2019

Astrocytic glycogen is the sole glucose reserve of the brain. Both glycogen and glucose are necessary for basic neurophysiology and in turn for higher brain functions. In spite of low concentration, turnover and stimulation-induced degradation, any interference with normal glycogen metabolism in the brain severely affects neuronal excitability and disrupts memory formation. Here, I briefly discuss the glycogenolysis-induced glucose-sparing effect, which involves glucose phosphates as key allosteric effectors in the modulation of astrocytic and neuronal glucose uptake and phosphorylation. I further advance a novel and thus far unexplored effect of glycogenolysis that might be mediated by glucose phosphates.
Which Countries Have More Open Governments? Assessing Structural Determinants of Openness
Authors: Schnell Sabina , Jo Suyeon
Published: June 2019

An increasing number of countries are adopting open government reforms, driven, in part, by the Open Government Partnership (OGP), a global effort dedicated to advancing such initiatives. Yet, there is still wide variation in openness across countries. We investigate the political, administrative, and civic factors that explain this variation, using countries’ fulfillment of OGP eligibility criteria as a proxy for minimum standards of openness. We find that countries with strong constraints on the executive and high levels of citizen education have governments that are more open. A dense network of civil society organizations is associated with more budget transparency and higher civil liberties, but not with access to information or asset disclosure laws. The results suggest that if the value of openness is to be translated in practice, it is not enough to have capable bureaucracies—countries also need informed citizens and strong oversight of executive agencies.
Macroeconomic Policy in an Environmentally-Constrained Economy: A Dialectical Materialist Application of the Harrod Growth Model
Authors: Rosete Alfredo R.M. , Van den Berg Hendrik
Published: June 2019

After the 2007 financial crisis, most macroeconomists advocated policies to restore economic growth, disregarding the constraints imposed by nature. Because standard macroeconomic models ignore environmental constraints, we propose reviving Harrod’s dynamic model as a useful abstraction of the dialectic of an evolving macroeconomy. Harrod’s model describes how environmental constraints can push the economy into recession, and it explains why traditional macroeconomic policies are unable to put a resource-constrained economy back on a full employment growth path. By clarifying the dialectic conflicts between desired economic growth and natural growth, Harrod’s model also reveals what types of policies can achieve full employment in a resource-constrained economy.

JEL Classification: O44, E61, O41, P51
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Summary on Management
Authors: Kaku Shawn , Nguyen Christopher D. , Htet Natalie N. , Tutera Dominic , Barr Juliana , Paintal Harman S. , Kuschner Ware G.
Published: June 2019

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has multiple causes and is characterized by acute lung inflammation and increased pulmonary vascular permeability, leading to hypoxemic respiratory failure and bilateral pulmonary radiographic opacities. The acute respiratory distress syndrome is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, and effective treatment strategies are limited. This review presents the current state of the literature regarding the etiology, pathogenesis, and management strategies for ARDS.
Toward Community Coverage on Self-Screening, Diagnosis, and Help-Seeking Behavior for Both Gender Victims of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) in a Kenyan Setting: The Development of IPV–Brief Self-Screener (IPV-BSS) Version of the WHO-IPV Instrument
Authors: Mutiso Victoria N. , Musyimi Christine W. , Gitonga Isaiah , Rebello Tahilia J. , Tele Albert , Pike Kathleen M. , Ndetei David M.
Published: June 2019

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health concern. The prevalence of IPV in women in Kenya is in the range of 41% to 45% but has also been reported in 20% of men. The most widely used instrument for the screening and diagnosis of IPV is the World Health Organization–Intimate Partner Violence (WHO-IPV). However, it is lengthy for routine large-scale screening and is administered by a trained person, thus limiting the number it can reach for screening. There is therefore a need for a shorter screening version that can be self-administered to reach critical masses. Those who screen positive can then be subjected to the longer version. In addition, the short version should be culturally sensitive, can be used by either gender, can be used in busy clinical settings as the patients wait to be attended to, and can be used for large-scale community populations to raise awareness and promote help-seeking behavior. It should be applicable in similar cultural settings and is aligned to the longer version of the WHO-IPV instrument. This study aimed to develop such a tool. We administered the WHO-IPV to two groups: firstly, postnatal mothers attending postnatal clinics and secondly, men and women attending general clinics to which they had been referred. These referrals were by traditional healers (TH), faith healers (FH), and community health workers (CHW) who had been trained to screen for mental disorders using the Mental Health Gap Action Programme–Intervention Guide (mhGAP-IG) master checklist. Using factor analysis of the scores, we came up with questions that had the highest predictive value for different types of IPV diagnosis and which could therefore be used for self-screening purposes. We call the tool the Intimate Partner Violence–Brief Self-Screener (IPV-BSS; Adapted by the Africa Mental Health Research and Training Foundation from the WHO-IPV).
The Two Covenants: An Interpretation of the 4Q158 Fragments
Authors: Werman Cana
Published: June 2019

The underlying assumption of this article is that fragments 1–4 and 14 of 4Q158 represent an independent composition, not related to fragments 5–12 of 4Q158, where Exodus 19–22 in its proto-Samaritan version is copied. Identification of a common denominator for fragments 1–4 and 14 (labelled here as 4Q158b) is the main task of this article. This study shows that 4Q158b expresses a particular exegetical understanding of the biblical covenants and that its author's intentions and exegetical processes are best clarified in light of the book of Jubilees. According to Jubilees, two covenants were made by God at the creation of the world: one with humanity and another with the people of Israel. 4Q158b collects biblical passages (Gen. 31–32; Exod. 3–4; Exod. 24) in which it discerns hints of various expressions of commitment to these two covenants between the period of Abraham and the events at Sinai. The author of the text rewrites these passages with the intent of revealing to the reader these covenantal references only hinted at in the Bible.
The origin of alpine farming: A review of archaeological, linguistic and archaeobotanical studies in the Alps
Authors: Gilck Fridtjof , Poschlod Peter
Published: June 2019

Alpine farming and pasturing at high altitudes in the Alps has created one of the most species-rich and diverse landscapes in Europe. In order to fully understand, appreciate and protect these habitats it is essential to learn about their history and origin. Until the present day, alpine farming provides essential additional food sources for livestock of farmers in the alpine valleys. Based on written sources, historians are able to track alpine farming back to the Middle Ages. Other approaches from different fields in science, however, can look back even further in search of evidence for alpine farming. This interdisciplinary literature review therefore aims to summarize the scientific work that has been done in different fields of science such as Archaeology, Palynology, Pedoanthracology and linguistic research in order to address the question of the beginning of alpine farming in the Alps. With the discovery of remains from alpine dairy huts, archaeological studies show that there is definite proof of alpine farming beginning in the Bronze Age (2200–800 BC) in different parts of the Alps. Archaeological and palynological data as well as linguistic findings from many different studies and study areas arrived at the same conclusions. Palynological studies found indicators for high-altitude pasture use even earlier, beginning from 4500 BC. The exact type or intensity of this pasture use though remains unclear. In order to confirm these findings, more archaeological research of these areas would be necessary.
An exploratory study of dignity in dementia care
Authors: Huang Ya Chi , Lei Ruoh Lih , Lei Ruo Wan , Ibrahim Faizal
Published: June 2019

Background:

Generally, a person with dementia may be unable to make decisions by themselves and professionals may decide what is best for them. Unfortunately, in most cases, professionals assist a person with dementia to make decisions without clear explanation or consent. Whether a person with dementia possesses dignity in routine care is an important issue.

Research objectives:

The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experience of the healthcare professionals in providing dignified dementia care in Taiwan.

Research design:

A qualitative, hermeneutic-phenomenological approach was conducted.

Participants:

Participants were enrolled by purpose sampling. Researchers performed in-depth interviews to reveal the essential ingredient of dignity within dementia care in Taiwan. A total of 20 cases were enrolled to achieve data saturation.

Ethical considerations:

This study was approved by the institutional review board. Before conducting the interview, interviewees provided informed consent.

Findings:

There were three themes and six categories that were addressed and constructed; within the themes, 23 Guidelines for Taiwan Dignified Dementia Care and 12 Principles for Dignified Dementia Care in Taiwan were developed.

Discussion:

From the data relating to dignity in dementia care, we can develop a more independent and dignified care environment to improve the quality of life of person with dementia in Taiwan.

Conclusion:

The results indicated that dignity within dementia care was constructed by the lived experience of the healthcare professionals, as well as affected by the culture of the organizations and society at the same time.
Changing Strategy by Turkey’s AKP: The Learning Curve Theory
Authors: Shukri Syaza
Published: June 2019

Since 2014, Turkey has been moving towards a heightened sense of nationalism and populism especially after Recep Tayyip Erdogan became the first popularly elected President of Turkey in 2017. His nationalist rhetoric went up compared to when he became Prime Minister over a decade ago when the country was touted as a model of liberalism among Muslim countries. Rather than putting a damper on the party, government, or Erdogan himself, his conservative rhetoric has helped consolidate the government’s power, showcasing the shift in strategy by the Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AKP) during uncertain times. This article borrows from behavioural psychology the concept of the learning curve theory or the S-curve theory to examine this shift in AKP strategy. It is argued that after reaching a political peak with the Gezi Park protest in the summer of 2013, Erdogan is employing a different rhetorical approach—a populist one—to gain more political traction.
Insight and capacity to consent to electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Scott Russ , Prowacki Steve
Published: June 2019

Objective:

To critically examine a recent decision of the Victorian Supreme Court that found that the Mental Health Tribunal and the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal erred in the application of the capacity test in the Mental Health Act 2014 (Vic) and that compulsory electroconvulsive therapy would infringe upon the human rights of two patients who had no insight into their chronic schizophrenia.

Conclusions:

After considering the concepts of insight and capacity to consent to treatment, the paper concludes that the decision in NJE and PBU v Mental Health Tribunal [2018] VSC 564 is problematic clinically.
Reconstituting Tunisia: Participation, Deliberation, and the Content of Constitution
Authors: Maboudi Tofigh
Published: June 2019

The Tunisian constitutional reform experience in the wake of the Arab Spring—through which citizens were able to meet with their representatives, participate in public deliberation over the constitution, and offer their own proposals for the constitution—offers a unique opportunity to evaluate the debate on the optimal modality of constitutional processes by revisiting both deliberative and representative theories of democracy and their predictions on how the process can improve constitutional outcomes. The statistical analysis of a dataset of more than 2,500 citizen proposals and the content of three constitutional drafts shows that 43 percent of public proposals were included in the final draft of the constitution. The results also demonstrate that public input related to rights and freedoms is more likely to be reflected in the constitution compared to other public proposals. This article suggests that more inclusive processes can lead to more democratic constitutional outcomes, although this impact is contingent upon the incorporation of particular consensus-building institutions.
Robust nonfragile H∞ optimum control for active suspension systems with time-varying actuator delay
Authors: Li Wenfeng , Xie Zhengchao , Wong Pak Kin , Cao Yucong , Hua Xingqi , Zhao Jing
Published: June 2019

The active suspension has drawn considerable attention due to its superiority in improving the vehicle vertical dynamics. This paper investigates robust nonfragile H∞ optimal control for the vehicle active suspension with time-varying actuator delay. Firstly, the dynamic equation of an active suspension system with actuator delay is established in terms of the main performance objectives, that is, ride comfort, handling ability, and road holding. Then, a robust nonfragile H∞ optimal controller is proposed to deal with the problem of active suspension control with time delay and actuator uncertainty, which is based on Lyapunov theory, convex optimization, and the linear matrix inequality approach. Finally, a quarter-car test rig is used for an experiment to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed controller can ensure the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system with bounded time-varying actuator delay, while managing the tradeoff between the conflicting performances and achieving performance optimization for the active suspension.
STAND UP! A Performance Autoethnography of Resistance
Authors: Poulos Christopher N.
Published: June 2019

In this essay, I explore the possibility of speaking out for social justice, of speaking truth to power, of standing up for what you believe in, of answering the call of conscience to respond to intolerable conditions in our political landscape. This text is intended to be performed aloud, with an interactive audience present. The audience has a role to play, following a call-and-response performance methodology.
Is optical coherence tomography angiography helpful in the differential diagnosis of choroidal nevus versus melanoma?
Authors: Garcia-Arumi Fuste Claudia , Peralta Iturburu Federico , Garcia-Arumi Jose
Published: June 2019

Purpose:

To describe the imaging features of choroidal nevus and melanoma using optical coherence tomography angiography, and evaluate the ability of this technique to establish the differential diagnosis based on the display of the tumor’s intrinsic vasculature.

Methods:

Comparative analysis of optical coherence tomography angiography findings in consecutive patients diagnosed with choroidal nevus or choroidal melanoma following a complete ophthalmic evaluation, including best-corrected visual acuity and several imaging studies: color fundus photography, B-scan ultrasound, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and optical coherence tomography angiography. Optical coherence tomography angiography was used to investigate qualitative differences in the tumor vasculature.

Results:

Thirty-six eyes (18 cases of choroidal nevus and 18 cases of choroidal melanoma) from 36 consecutive patients were included in the study. Only cases located posterior to equator were included to enable performance of all tests. On optical coherence tomography angiography, choroidal nevus showed well-delimited margins (78%), hyperreflective choroid capillary vasculature (83%), fewer avascular areas (17%), and neovascular membrane in one case (6%). Choroidal melanoma showed imprecise margins (72%), hyporeflective choroidal capillary vasculature (72%), multiple avascular areas (78%), and choroidal vascular changes (e.g. thick vascular networks or vascular loops; 45%).

Conclusion:

Optical coherence tomography angiography can provide useful information for assessing and differentiating between choroidal nevi and small melanomas. Significant differences between these conditions were found for the pattern of reflectivity, and presence/absence of avascular zones and vascular anomalies, which could be helpful for supporting the diagnosis.
An Overlapping Systems Conceptual Framework to Evaluate Implementation of a Behavioral Health Intervention for Justice–Involved Youth
Authors: Bowser Diana , Henry Brandy F , McCollister Kathryn E
Published: June 2019

Background:

Nearly 65% of justice–involved youth have a substance use and/or mental health disorder. Although evidence–based practices have been established for adolescents with co–occurring mental health and substance use disorders, these practices are not widely used in juvenile justice agencies due to environmental and organizational complexities.

Methods:

Our study builds on Juvenile Justice—Translational Research on Interventions for Adolescents in the Legal System (JJ–TRIALS), a multi–site cooperative research initiative of juvenile justice and partnering behavioral health agencies. We also integrate state and county–level data to support broader assessment of key drivers of implementation success.

Results:

We present an economics/systems conceptual model describing how the environmental context, systems organization, and economic costs of implementation can affect implementation outcomes. Comparison of intervention condition (Core vs Enhanced) and pre–implementation costs (High vs Low) found differences in insurance reimbursements and types, as well as agency staffing characteristics.

Discussion:

Implementing new procedures or policies at a systems level must consider implementation outcomes in a broad context. Factors such as population demographics, primary care and behavioral health treatment capacity, unemployment rates, and public funding for treatment and other services are important in determining intervention success and sustainability.
Concurrent use of addictive substances among alcohol drinkers: Prevalence and problems in a Swedish general population sample
Authors: Ramstedt Mats
Published: June 2019

Aims:

To examine concurrent use of addictive substances among alcohol drinkers in the Swedish general population and to assess to what extent this increases the risk of alcohol problems.

Methods:

Data were retrieved from a nationally representative survey from 2013 on use of and problems related to alcohol, tobacco, illicit drugs and non-prescribed use of analgesics and sedatives with 15,576 respondents. Alcohol users were divided into different groups on the basis of frequency of drinking overall and binge drinking. Tobacco use was measured in terms of daily use and use of illicit drugs and non-prescribed use of analgesics and sedatives were measured in terms of last 12 months prevalence. A dichotomous indicator of a DSM-IV dependence or abuse diagnosis was used. Logistic regression models were estimated to examine the relationship between various patterns of drinking in combination with other substance use and risk of alcohol abuse and/or dependence.

Results:

People who drink alcohol in Sweden were more likely to use other addictive substances than non-drinkers and such concurrent use becomes more common the more alcohol is consumed. Alcohol drinkers using other substances have a higher prevalence of alcohol abuse and dependence at all frequencies of drinking. Multivariate models controlling for sex, age and drinking frequency found that an elevated risk of harm remained for drinkers using addictive substances other than snuff.

Conclusion:

A large group of drinkers in the Swedish general population have an accumulation of risks as a result of using both alcohol and other addictive substances. Concurrent use of cigarettes, illicit drugs and non-prescribed use of analgesics and sedatives adds an independent risk of alcohol abuse/dependence in this group in addition to their drinking. The findings point at the importance of taking multiple substance-use patterns into account when combating drinking problems. Screening for concurrent use of other addictive substances could help healthcare providers to identify patients in need of treatment for alcohol problems.
A virtual second opinion: Acceptability of a computer-based decision tool to assess older drivers with dementia
Authors: Rapoport Mark J , Sarracini Carla Zucchero , Mulsant Benoit M , Seitz Dallas P , Molnar Frank , Naglie Gary , Herrmann Nathan , Rozmovits Linda
Published: June 2019

Clinicians face challenges in deciding which older patients with dementia to report to transportation administrators. This study used a qualitative thematic analysis to understand the utility and limitations of implementing a computer-based Driving in Dementia Decision Tool in clinical practice. Thirteen physicians and eight nurse practitioners participated in an interview to discuss their experience using the tool. While many participants felt the tool provided a useful ‘virtual second opinion’, specialist physicians felt that the tool did not add value to their clinical practice. Barriers to using the Driving in Dementia Decision Tool included lack of integration with electronic medical records and inability to capture certain contextual nuances. Opinions varied about the impact of the tool on the relationship of clinicians with patients and their families. The Driving in Dementia Decision Tool was judged most useful by nurse practitioners and least useful by specialist physicians. This work highlights the importance of tailoring knowledge translation interventions to particular practices.
Does the single-walled carbon nanotube affect the rate constant of binding of biotin to streptavidin? Molecular dynamics simulation perspective
Authors: Soltani Orkide , Bozorgmehr Mohammad Reza , Momen-Heravi Mohammad
Published: June 2019

The interaction of biotin and streptavidin in the presence and absence of a carbon nanotube was studied by molecular dynamics simulation. With respect to the Arrhenius dependence of the rate constants with temperature, those of streptavidin–biotin complex formation ([Formula: see text]) and streptavidin–biotin complex dissociation ([Formula: see text]) were calculated from molecular dynamics simulation trajectories. Nanotube has reduced the amount of and k1 and k1. However, the biotin position in streptavidin does not change much. The results obtained from MMPBSA calculations show that the contribution of the van der Waals forces to both systems (in the absence and presence of the nanotube) was greater than that of electrostatic forces. The presence of the nanotube also led to the reduction of van der Waals and electrostatic forces in the interaction of biotin with streptavidin. However, this reduction was greater for electrostatic forces. In the absence of a nanotube, there are four hydrogen bonds between streptavidin and biotin, which are related to the residues Ser27, Tyr43, Ser45 and Ser88. In the presence of the nanotube, the hydrogen bonding of biotin with Ser45 is removed.