bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Squid‐Inspired Anti‐Salt Skin‐Like Elastomers With Superhigh Damage Resistance for Aquatic Soft Robots
Authors: Chu Chengzhen , Sun Wei , Chen Shuo , Jia Yujie , Ni Yufeng , Wang Shaofan , Han Yufei , Zuo Han , Chen Huifang , You Zhengwei , Zhu Meifang
Published: September 2024

Cephalopod skins evolve multiple functions in response to environmental adaptation, encompassing nonlinear mechanoreponse, damage tolerance property, and resistance to seawater. Despite tremendous progress in skin‐mimicking materials, the integration of these desirable properties into a single material system remains an ongoing challenge. Here, drawing inspiration from the structure of reflectin proteins in cephalopod skins, a long‐term anti‐salt elastomer with skin‐like nonlinear mechanical properties and extraordinary damage resistance properties is presented. Cation‐π interaction is incorporated to induce the geometrically confined nanophases of hydrogen bond domains, resulting in elastomers with exceptional true tensile strength (456.5 ± 68.9 MPa) and unprecedently high fracture energy (103.7 ± 45.7 kJ m−2). Furthermore, the cation‐π interaction effectively protects the hydrogen bond domains from corrosion by high‐concentration saline solution. The utilization of the resultant skin‐like elastomer has been demonstrated by aquatic soft robotics capable of grasping sharp objects. The combined advantages render the present elastomer highly promising for salt enviroment applications, particularly in addressing the challenges posed by sweat, in vivo, and harsh oceanic environments.
Biodegradable Piezoelectric‐Conductive Integrated Hydrogel Scaffold for Repair of Osteochondral Defects
Authors: Liu Dingge , Wang Xinyu , Gao Chenyuan , Zhang Zhihua , Wang Qi , Pei Yin , Wang Haijun , Tang Yujing , Li Ke , Yu Yingjie , Cai Qing , Zhang Xin
Published: September 2024

Osteochondral injury is a prevalent condition for which no specific treatment is currently available. This study presents a piezoelectric‐conductive scaffold composed of a piezoelectric cartilage‐decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) and piezoelectric‐conductive modified gelatin (Gel‐PC). The piezoelectricity of the scaffold is achieved through the modification of diphenylalanine (FF) assembly on the pore surface, while the conductive properties of scaffold are achieved by the incorporating poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene). In vitro experiments demonstrate that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) undergo biphasic division during differentiation. In vivo studies using a Parma pig model of osteochondral defects demonstrate that the piezoelectric‐conductive scaffold exhibits superior reparative efficacy. Notably, the generation of electrical stimulation is linked to joint movement. During joint activity, mechanical forces compress the scaffold, leading to deformation and the subsequent generation of an electric potential difference. The positive charges accumulated on the upper layer of the scaffold attract BMSCs, promoting their migration to the upper layer and chondrogenic differentiation. Meanwhile, the negative charges in the lower layer induce the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Overall, this piezoelectric‐conducive scaffold provides a promising platform for the effective repair of osteochondral defects.
3D Printing and Biomedical Applications of Piezoelectric Composites: A Critical Review
Authors: Li Suyun , Shan Yanbo , Chen Jingyi , Chen Xiaotong , Shi Zengqin , Zhao Lisheng , He Rujie , Li Ying
Published: September 2024

Piezoelectric composites have received widespread attentions in the fields of biomedicine and in vitro wearable devices due to their ability to convert mechanical forces into charge signals. The preparation of piezoelectric composites with complex structures through 3D printing technology can not only effectively improve their piezoelectric output, but also enable their customized therapeutic applications. This paper first introduces the types of piezoelectric composites and reviews the 3D printing technology commonly used in their preparation, analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of each 3D printing technology. Then, the state‐of‐the‐art of the biomedical applications of piezoelectric composites, including drug sustained‐release, wound healing promotion, bone tissue cells growth promoting, neurorehabilitation stimulating, ultrasonic diagnosis, and in vivo biosensing and in vitro wearable sensing, are emphasized. Finally, the main factors affecting the applications of 3D printed piezoelectric composites are outlooked, and an in‐depth discussion on the challenges toward 3D printed piezoelectric composites are analyzed. This review is believed to provide some fundamental knowledge of 3D printed piezoelectric composites.
Introducing Hydrogen Bond Networks in the Self‐Assembly of Chitin Nanocrystals: Strong and Flexible Bioactive Films Containing Natural Polyphenols
Authors: Massari Daniele , Sgarzi Massimo , Gigli Matteo , Crestini Claudia
Published: September 2024

Free‐standing, highly transparent and flexible films are obtained from solvent casting of aqueous colloidal dispersions of surface‐deacetylated chitin nanocrystals. The Young's modulus and the water absorption of the films is further modulated by the addition of three natural polyphenols, i.e., epigallocatechingallate, tannic acid and one lignosulfonate, which differ one another in terms of molecular weight, and overall amount of hydroxy, phenolic and catecholic functionalities. The polyphenolic molecules create an extensive network of hydrogen bonds with the nanocrystals, thus controlling interfacial interactions. Therefore, they act as crosslinkers exerting a reinforcing and structuring action and hampering water absorption. The films do not show dissolution in water upon 7 days of incubation at room temperature, and the release profiles of the polyphenols in aqueous media evidence hindered Fickian diffusion kinetics confirming the presence of interactions with the nanostructured matrix. Lastly, the developed films possess bioactive properties, as they show both radical scavenging and antimicrobial activity. These characteristics are enhanced by the phenolic and, most importantly, catecholic moieties present in tannins (and to a lesser extent in lignins), allowing to reach bactericidal effects as high as 99.99% against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative strains.
A Ru(II) Polypyridyl Complex Bearing Bathocuproine Ligand is a Potent Chemotherapeutic Agent Against Chemically Induced Skin Cancer Model
Authors: Elias Maria George , Mehanna Stephanie , Nasser Selim , Daher Costantine F. , Khnayzer Rony S.
Published: September 2024

Ruthenium‐based compounds have emerged as prospective chemotherapeutic candidates with various mechanisms of action and minimal associated side effects compared to conventional metal‐based chemotherapeutics. The present study explores the chemotherapeutic potential of [Ru(bpy)2BC]Cl2 (where bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine and BC = bathocuproine) or RuBC on a 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene/12‐o‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (DMBA/TPA) murine skin carcinogenesis model. RuBC is well tolerated up to 2.5 mg kg−1; no changes in body weight, behavior or serum biochemistry are observed. Following IP injections, the bioavailability of the complex is high in the plasma, which favors its accumulation in the organs. Efficacy studies demonstrated that RuBC has a significant anticancer activity by week 7 of treatment and a decrease in tumor size is observed by week 6 in all tested groups. Based on western blot analyses, apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway is suggested as the main mechanism of cell death. A downregulation of the MAPK pathway is also observed. The results indicate that RuBC is a multi‐mechanistic chemotherapeutic drug that has promising anticancer effects with significant potential for further investigation.
Tumor‐Resident Microbiota‐Based Risk Model Predicts Neoadjuvant Therapy Response of Locally Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Wu Hong , Liu Qianshi , Li Jingpei , Leng Xuefeng , He Yazhou , Liu Yiqiang , Zhang Xia , Ouyang Yujie , Liu Yang , Liang Wenhua , Xu Chuan
Published: September 2024

Few predictive biomarkers exist for identifying patients who may benefit from neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). The intratumoral microbial composition is comprehensively profiled to predict the efficacy and prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who underwent NAT and curative esophagectomy. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression analysis is conducted to screen for the most closely related microbiota and develop a microbiota‐based risk prediction (MRP) model on the genera of TM7x, Sphingobacterium, and Prevotella. The predictive accuracy and prognostic value of the MRP model across multiple centers are validated. The MRP model demonstrates good predictive accuracy for therapeutic responses in the training, validation, and independent validation sets. The MRP model also predicts disease‐free survival (p = 0.00074 in the internal validation set and p = 0.0017 in the independent validation set) and overall survival (p = 0.00023 in the internal validation set and p = 0.11 in the independent validation set) of patients. The MRP‐plus model basing on MRP, tumor stage, and tumor size can also predict the patients who can benefit from NAT. In conclusion, the developed MRP and MRP‐plus models may function as promising biomarkers and prognostic indicators accessible at the time of diagnosis.
Ecological differentiation and sympatry of cryptic species in the Sphagnum magellanicum complex (Bryophyta)
Authors: Nieto‐Lugilde Marta , Nieto‐Lugilde Diego , Piatkowski Bryan , Duffy Aaron M. , Robinson Sean C. , Aguero Blanka , Schuette Scott , Wilkens Richard , Yavitt Joseph , Shaw A. Jonathan
Published: September 2024

Premise

Sphagnum magellanicum (Sphagnaceae, Bryophyta) has been considered to be a single semi‐cosmopolitan species, but recent molecular analyses have shown that it comprises a complex of at least seven reciprocally monophyletic groups, that are difficult or impossible to distinguish morphologically.

Methods

Newly developed barcode markers and RADseq analyses were used to identify species among 808 samples from 119 sites. Molecular approaches were used to assess the geographic ranges of four North American species, the frequency at which they occur sympatrically, and ecological differentiation among them. Microhabitats were classified with regard to hydrology and shade. Hierarchical modelling of species communities was used to assess climate variation among the species. Climate niches were projected back to 22,000 years BP to assess the likelihood that the North American species had sympatric ranges during the late Pleistocene.

Results

The species exhibited parallel morphological variation, making them extremely difficult to distinguish phenotypically. Two to three species frequently co‐occurred within peatlands. They had broadly overlapping microhabitat and climate niches. Barcode‐ versus RADseq‐based identifications were in conflict for 6% of the samples and always involved S. diabolicum vs. S. magniae.

Conclusions

These species co‐occur within peatlands at scales that could permit interbreeding, yet they remain largely distinct genetically and phylogenetically. The four cryptic species exhibited distinct geographic and ecological patterns. Conflicting identifications from barcode vs. RADseq analyses for S. diabolicum versus S. magniae could reflect incomplete speciation or hybridization. They comprise a valuable study system for additional work on climate adaptation.
Highly Stable Propane Dehydrogenation on a Self‐Supporting Single‐Component Zn2SiO4 Catalyst
Authors: Liu Zhaohui , Mao Min , Shu Tie , Cheng Qingpeng , Liu Dong , Wang Jianjian , Zhao Yun , Liu Lingmei , Han Yu
Published: September 2024

Current industrial propane dehydrogenation (PDH) processes predominantly use either toxic Cr‐based or expensive Pt‐based catalysts, necessitating urgent exploration for alternatives. Herein, we present Zn2SiO4, an easily prepared, cost‐effective material, as a highly efficient and stable catalyst for PDH. Uniquely, Zn2SiO4 nanocrystals do not require dispersion on support materials, commonly needed for catalytic active oxide clusters, but function as a self‐supporting catalyst instead. During the reaction‘s induction period, surface Zn species on the Zn2SiO4 crystal reduce to coordinately unsaturated ZnOx single sites, serving as highly active catalytic centers. The Zn2SiO4 catalyst demonstrates a stable performance over 200 hours of PDH operation at 550 °C. We further find that introducing a minuscule amount of CO2 into the propane feed significantly extends the catalyst lifespan to over 2000 hours. This enhancement arises from the special role of CO2 in facilitating the removal of strongly adsorbed H*, preventing the complete reduction of ZnOx. After prolonged reaction, the activity of Zn2SiO4 can be fully restored by etching the surface layer to expose fresh Zn species, available throughout the crystals. The combination of CO2introduction and catalytic site regeneration strategies is expected to enable a year‐long PDH operation using a single batch of Zn2SiO4 catalyst.
Template‐assisted Flexible‐to‐rigid Transition of Peptides in Head‐to‐tail Self‐polymerization Enables Sequence‐controllable and Post‐modifiable Peptide Nanofibers
Authors: Chen Tianzi , Liu Yin , Gao Zhanshan , Gao Yue , Chen Haijin , Ye Haonan , Luo Qiuhao , Wang Kefeng , Wu Dongdong
Published: September 2024

Peptide‐based nanofibers are promising materials for many essential applications and can be generalized into two categories, self‐assembling peptide nanofibers (SAPNs) and poly(amino acid) nanofibers (PAANs). Non‐covalent SAPNs are sequence‐controllable, but poorly stable and not suitable for post‐modification. While covalent PAANs are post‐modifiable, however, their sequences are either monotonic or undefined. The nanofibers obtained by head‐to‐tail covalent coupling polymerization of sequence‐known peptides, which we call series‐connected peptide nanofibers (SCPNs), promise to have the advantages of both SAPNs and PAANs, but they are barely reported. The undesired backbiting effect during the head‐to‐tail polymerization is one of the possible challenges. Here, we present a template‐assisted strategy to trigger the flexible‐to‐rigid transition of peptide units, which can avoid the backbiting effect and enable consecutive intermolecular polymerization of peptides to produce desired sequence‐controlled covalent SCPNs. SCPNs are highly stable and can function as excellent parent materials for various post‐processing to create diverse hierarchical materials independent of the peptide sequence. Moreover, SCPNs allow for the display of predetermined functional groups at regular intervals along the nanofibers by pre‐modification of the initial peptide sequence. SCPNs represent a new category of peptide‐based nanofibers with outstanding performances and vast potential.
Mechanical and physical properties of flexible polyurethane foam filled with waste tire material recycles
Authors: Nezili Y. , El Aboudi I. , He D. , Mdarhri A. , Brosseau C. , Zaghrioui M. , Chartier T. , Ghorbal A. , Arfi R. Ben , Bai J.
Published: September 2024

In this work we use ground tire rubber (GTR) powder obtained by grinding worn tire treads as reinforcer agent in flexible polyurethane (PU). Characterization of the microstructure of the as‐received powder is achieved using a series of standard techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), granulometry‐laser, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and x‐ray diffraction (XRD). To have complementary physical information the composition and thermal characteristics of the GTR powder, thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) is also performed. The set of these preliminary characterizations shows that the GTR powder particles can be used as reinforcing fillers. For the purpose of good compatibility with the PU matrix, the GTR powder is subjected to chemical treatments for reducing the impurities on the powder particles and to create functional groups at their surface. Subsequently, a series of GTR/PU composite samples are prepared with different weight fractions of GTR using free rising foam method. The GTR/PU composites are then characterized to assess the effect of the GTR content and their chemically pre‐treatment on thermal stability, compression mechanical behavior as well as sound attenuation properties. Collectively, these results indicate a significant improvement of both thermal and mechanical properties of the GTR/PU composites compared to the pristine PU matrix. Furthermore, it is also emphasized that the sound absorption response shows a significant shift of the maximum of the absorption coefficient toward lower frequencies resulting from simultaneous increase in air‐flow resistivity and tortuosity which can have great potential application in the field of underwater acoustics. The effects of chemical treatments and GTR amount are also discussed. It is also shown that the results show improvement when H2O2 solvent is used in comparison with NaOH, and the optimal properties are reached for PU samples containing 20 wt% of GTR whatever the pre‐treatment is.
Combining Photogrammetry and Subsurface Geophysics to Improve Historical Knowledge of Romanesque Churches in Normandy, France: Case Study of the Notre‐Dame‐du‐Val Chapel
Authors: Fauchard Cyrille , Aillaud Laure , Legrand Astrid , Guilbert Vincent , Ledun Cyril , Beaucamp Bruno , Antoine Raphael
Published: September 2024

This study presents the results of aerial and geophysical measurements carried out on the Notre‐Dame‐du‐Val chapel in Sotteville‐sur‐Mer (Normandy, France), a former leprosarium dating from the 15th century; the chapel is now deconsecrated and has been showing signs of ageing in recent years. Restoration work is planned, and geophysical investigations of the area around the chapel have been commissioned. In this article, we propose a robust methodology combining aerial and terrestrial measurements in the visible range with surface prospecting methods. Compiling all the measurements within a perfectly georeferenced 3D model allows the joint analysis of the results of different physical measurement methods to provide unexpected architectural and archaeological information. Photos were taken from the ground and using a drone to build photogrammetric models of the interior and exterior of the chapel. Ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) were the two survey methods deployed in the area surrounding the chapel. The geophysical measurements clearly reveal traces of apses—which have now disappeared—at the crossing of what would have been the building's transept, which match up with the filled‐in openings that are present. The existence of these apses can only be assumed from inside the chapel. The resistivity anomalies are perfectly correlated with the radar anomalies and allow new hypotheses to be formulated about the original structure of the chapel. Finally, mapping the local geology of the surroundings based on a geophysical survey provides crucial information about the history of the church's construction. Bringing this unknown architectural element to light and carrying out precise mapping of the local geology surrounding the chapel constitute a major breakthrough, as this will make it possible to improve our knowledge of the history of the chapel, in particular its origins, through research based on archaeological surveys.
Compartmentalized signaling in the soma: Coordination of electrical and protein kinase A signaling at neuronal ER‐plasma membrane junctions
Authors: Vierra Nicholas C.
Published: September 2024

Neuronal information processing depends on converting membrane depolarizations into compartmentalized biochemical signals that can modify neuronal activity and structure. However, our understanding of how neurons translate electrical signals into specific biochemical responses remains limited, especially in the soma where gene expression and ion channel function are crucial for neuronal activity. Here, I emphasize the importance of physically compartmentalizing action potential‐triggered biochemical reactions within the soma. Emerging evidence suggests that somatic endoplasmic reticulum–plasma membrane (ER‐PM) junctions are specialized organelles that coordinate electrical and biochemical signaling. The juxtaposition of ion channels and signaling proteins at a prominent subset of these sites enables compartmentalized calcium and cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA) signaling. I explore the hypothesis that these PKA‐containing ER‐PM junctions serve as critical sites for translating membrane depolarizations into PKA signals and identify key gaps in knowledge of the assembly, regulation, and neurobiological functions of this somatic signaling system.
Scaling up climate change finance in Ghana: The role of religious institutions
Authors: Mintah Kelvin Omari , Ahenkan Albert , Bawole Justice Nyigmah , Nakouwo Solomon Nborkan
Published: September 2024

The uncertainty surrounding the possibility of generating sufficient funds from international donors and other public financial resources to support climate action calls for the identification of alternative sources of climate finance options. Ensuring a reliable stream of funds to drive climate action requires the identification of diverse funding channels that can supplement existing ones. Also, in light of the proactive approach required to combat climate change, overreliance on a singular funding source could hinder the achievement of climate‐related goals. This is because the existing sources of funding from the central government, local governments, and international agencies remain insufficient to meet the perceived cost of climate change in Ghana. Through a qualitative in‐depth interview, empirical data was drawn from religious institutions to identify their contribution toward climate finance. The study revealed that religious institutions play a significant role in climate finance due to their advocacy capacity, financial resources, and extensive networks. Funding from religious institutions has also been channeled into stock adaptation projects and public education, and this is evident in the areas of agriculture, waste, energy, water, and the support rendered to SMEs in general. Besides, their engagement in climate finance is also motivated by ethical, theological, and moral considerations. The study, therefore, argues that funding from religious institutions toward climate change adaptation and mitigation initiatives should be seen as a complementary source of funding to climate finance.
Optimizing cryopreservation strategies for scalable cell therapies: A comprehensive review with insights from iPSC‐derived therapies
Authors: Dobruskin Michael , Toner Geoffrey , Kander Ronald
Published: September 2024

Off‐the‐shelf cell therapies hold significant curative potential for conditions, such as Parkinson's disease and heart failure. However, these therapies face unique cryopreservation challenges, especially when novel routes of administration, such as intracerebral or epicardial injection, require cryopreservation media that are safe for direct post‐thaw administration. Current practices often involve post‐thaw washing to remove dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO), a cytotoxic cryoprotective agent, which complicates the development and clinical translation of off‐the‐shelf therapies. To overcome these obstacles, there is a critical need to explore Me2SO‐free cryopreservation methods. While such methods typically yield suboptimal post‐thaw viability with conventional slow‐freeze protocols, optimizing freezing profiles offers a promising strategy to enhance their performance. This comprehensive review examines the latest advancements in cryopreservation techniques across various cell therapy platforms, with a specific case study of iPSC‐derived therapies used to illustrate the scalability challenges. By identifying key thermodynamic and biochemical phenomena that occur during freezing, this review aims to identify cell‐type independent approaches to improve the efficiency and efficacy of cryopreservation strategies, thereby supporting the widespread adoption and clinical success of off‐the‐shelf cell therapies.
A rare case of perianal alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Taha Anas , Maeky Amjad , Wentzler Larissa , Taha‐Mehlitz Stephanie , Rosenberg Robert , Honaker Michael D.
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical Message

Perianal alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare sarcoma that requires a high index of suspicion along with tissue biopsy for accurate diagnosis. Successful treatment, even in the setting of recurrence, requires a multidisciplinary approach.
Reexamination of doctoral‐level counselor educators’ journal article publication norms
Authors: Hatchett Gregory T.
Published: September 2024

This study reexamined the journal article publication norms of counselor educators employed in doctoral programs for the years 2017–2022. Compared to earlier studies, overall publication norms for this population declined but increased for counselor educators with traditional academic ranks. Four variables were useful for predicting publication counts.
Evaluation of Bi‐reforming Performance of Bi‐disperse Catalyst in a Packed Bed Reactor
Authors: Zhu Yaochen , Wang Shuai , Zhang Qinghong
Published: September 2024

Bi‐reforming hydrogen production has its potential in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. In this work, methane bi‐reforming process in a packed bed reactor using bi‐disperse catalyst particles is numerically investigated via a particle‐resolved modeling. The impacts of macropore fraction, porosity and macropore size on temperature and reaction rate distribution in the bed are evaluated. The results demonstrate that there exists a peak of the maximum temperature difference in the bed with the catalyst macropore fraction. Increasing the macropore fraction of the catalyst can weaken the non‐uniformity of coke formation in the bed. The increase in the macropore size of the catalyst particle can promote the hydrogen production, especially when the macropore size of particle is smaller.
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as a Characterization Method for Enzymatic Fuel Cell Bioanodes
Authors: Torrigino Federica , Nagel Marcel , Hartmann Martin , Herkendell Katharina
Published: September 2024

Enzymatic fuel cells (EFCs) offer renewable energy conversion via highly selective electrode reactions using enzymes as natural catalysts even under mild conditions. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a valuable tool for evaluating EFC performance, providing insights into substrate mass transport, enzyme kinetics, and electrode stability. Despite its acknowledged importance, the use of EIS coupled with distribution of relaxation times (DRT) analysis in EFCs research is limited. Our study addresses this gap by employing EIS and DRT analysis to investigate enzyme‐based anodic processes, focusing on the bioelectrocatalytic oxidation of glucose catalyzed by glucose oxidase (GOx). Through careful variation of multiple parameters, it was possible to identify three distinct regions in the DRT plot. Each region has been subsequently associated with a key anodic process. The first region (R1) is associated with high‐frequency phenomena occurring at the electrodes, primarily due to ionic conduction in the electrolyte. Intermediate‐frequency processes are associated to charge transfer kinetics in region 2 (R2). Region 3 (R3) is linked to diffusion processes occurring at low frequencies. This thorough examination offers an insight into the functioning of enzymatic bioelectrodes, which in turn drives improvements in the design and components of biofuel cells to increase their power output.
Surface Nanostructuring of Copper Using Fluoride and Chloride
Authors: Pascual‐Llorens Vicente , Serra Ramos Albert , Mazaira‐Couce Pedro , Escudero‐Escribano María , Sebastián‐Pascual Paula
Published: September 2024

Copper is an active electrocatalyst for various energy conversion reactions, but its performance depends on the structure of the active surface sites. In this work, we propose a simple strategy to tailor both the roughness and the active site's geometry of copper. To modify the surface of copper, we oxidize and reduce a copper polycrystalline electrode in 0.1 M solutions containing both sodium fluoride and sodium chloride with different chloride/fluoride molar ratios: (0.1‐x) M NaF+x M NaCl. To address the anion effect on the changes in surface geometry, we recorded the voltammetric fingerprints of the modified electrodes using lead underpotential deposition (UPD). The voltammetric analysis suggested that while chloride induces (n10) sites, fluoride promotes an increase in the active surface area and the growth of low‐coordinated sites with (110) or (111) geometry. Solutions containing both fluoride and chloride anions induced (n10) motifs covered by nanometric clusters, as observed by scanning electron microscopy, forming a highly defect‐rich surface. Our work provides a direct link between electrochemical response and ex‐situ structural characterization, and compares, in detail, the effect of chloride and fluoride on the surface nanostructuring of copper.
Modulating the D‐Band Center of Electrocatalysts for Enhanced Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Zhenzhen , Shen Shijie , Wang Jiacheng , Zhong Wenwu
Published: September 2024

To tackle the global energy scarcity and environmental degradation, developing efficient electrocatalysts is essential for achieving sustainable hydrogen production via water splitting. Modulating the d‐band center of transition metal electrocatalysts is an effective approach to regulate the adsorption energy of intermediates, alter reaction pathways, lower the energy barrier of the rate‐determining step, and ultimately improve electrocatalytic water splitting performance. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in modulating the d‐band center for enhanced electrocatalytic water splitting is offered. Initially, the basics of the d‐band theory are discussed. Subsequently, recent modulation strategies that aim to boost electrocatalytic activity, with particular emphasis on the d‐band center as a key indicator in water splitting are summarized. Lastly, the importance of regulating electrocatalytic activity through d‐band center, along with the challenges and prospects for improving electrocatalytic water splitting performance by fine‐tuning the transition metal d‐band center, are provided.
Selective Interaction of Chiral Carbon Dots with Nucleic Acids: A Promising Nanosensing Platform
Authors: Maria Vitagliano Chiara , Camilli Alessandro , Georgian Moldoveanu Vyali , Di Sabato Antonio , Feroci Marta , Sturabotti Elisa , Scognamiglio Viviana , Leonelli Francesca , Masi Annalisa , Vetica Fabrizio
Published: September 2024

Carbon dots (CDs) represent an emerging class of nanomaterials that combine outstanding photoluminescent properties with low toxicity and excellent biocompatibility. These unique features have garnered significant interest for potential applications in sensing as well as nanovectors for bioactive compounds. Within this context, the possibility of synthesizing chiral carbon dots (CCDs) has paved the way for a plethora of bioapplications in their interaction with chiral biomolecules. In this study we report the synthesis and characterization of CCDs with opposite chiralities and their selective interaction with nucleic acids. A systematic study on their interaction with different oligonucleotides (ODNs) using UV‐vis, photoluminescence, and circular dichroism analyses highlighted how the chiral surface of the CCDs induces distinct spectroscopic responses in CCDs‐ODN conjugates. These findings establish the foundation for innovative applications of CCDs as nanosensors and nanocarriers for nucleic acids. Additionally, the antioxidant properties of CCDs were investigated, highlighting their dual potential as both sensing and preservative nanomaterials for genetic material. Our results suggest significant implications for the development of chiral‐specific diagnostic tools, drug delivery systems, and therapeutic agents. Furthermore, these properties open new avenues for the use of CCDs in antibiotic residue detection, fluorescence imaging, and photodynamic therapy.
Usability and User Experience Challenges of Cross Reality Laboratories Experienced by Creators
Authors: Kobras Louis , Soll Marcus , Herrmann Franziska , Bock Annette
Published: September 2024

Cross reality laboratories are widely used in education, yet research on the usability/user experience (UX) of these laboratories is still lacking. This study wants to start the discussion about challenges for usability/UX by interviewing practitioners from a large project for cross reality laboratories spanning multiple institutes in Germany. A total of 18 challenges were discovered, together with three target groups, namely, developers, maintainers, and learners. In addition, the tension between developers and usability is discussed. Open questions include the need to conduct further research with different target groups and how to increase usability for laboratory developers.
FRC‐SGAN based anomaly event recognition for computer night vision in edge and cloud environment
Authors: V Charles Prabu , Perumal Pandiaraja
Published: September 2024

Anomaly event recognition and identification has a crucial part in several areas, particularly in night vision environments. Conventional techniques of event recognition are hugely based upon data extracted from certain images for classification purposes. This needs users to select suitable features to establish the feature depictions for actual images per definite situations. Manual feature selection is laborious as well as heuristic tasks and the features obtained in this manner generally have worse robustness. Here, a Faster Region‐based Convolutional fused Social Generative Adversarial Network (FRC‐SGAN) is designed for anomaly event recognition in a night vision environment. At the cloud, key frame extraction, pre‐processing, feature extraction, human detection (HD) and anomalous event recognition are carried out. Initially, input video from the database is subjected to perform pre‐processing. The visibility enhancement is utilized for pre‐processing. Thereafter, features like ResNet features, texture features and statistical features are extracted. Then, HD is accomplished by DeepJoint segmentation with chord distance. Finally, anomalous detection is done by FRC‐SGAN that is the incorporation of Fast Regional Convolutional Neural Network (FR‐CNN) and Social Generative Adversarial Network (SGAN). In addition, FRC‐SGAN acquired 90.8% of accuracy, 89.7% of precision, and 89.2% of recall.
Assessing genetic gain in an intermediate wheatgrass improvement program: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Stoll Hannah , Bajgain Prabin , Anderson James
Published: September 2024

The perennial crop intermediate wheatgrass [IWG, Thinopyrum intermedium (Host Barkworth & D.R. Dewey] has been under development as a grain crop since 2011 at the University of Minnesota (UMN). Breeding efforts have targeted larger seed size, reduced shattering, and improved threshability, among other traits. Calculating the rate of genetic gain provides insights into breeding progress and informs adjustments in future breeding practices. In this study, materials from multiple breeding cycles of the UMN IWG breeding program were grown in 4 environments to estimate realized genetic gain of domestication and agronomic traits. A set of 242 parents from breeding cycles 2–5 were planted in an augmented experimental design and evaluated over 2 years in 2 locations. Improvement in the mean values for selected traits from cycles 2 to 5 was observed for most traits. Regression analysis used to estimate the rate of genetic gain was significant for both floret and average shattering, spikelet density, seed area and width, and 10‐spike seed weight and spike weight. With this information, we make recommendations for future IWG breeding practices. For example, we recommend phenotyping the two types of shattering independently and selecting earlier anthesis genotypes to improve yield component traits. We conclude that progress for several traits may take decades to achieve desired population means, and could be improved with better phenotyping methods, genomic selection applications, and decreased time per breeding cycle. These findings are applicable to other IWG breeding programs and perennial grain domestication programs.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Cannabis Use, and the Endocannabinoid System: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ryan Jennie E. , Fruchtman Mitchell , Sparr‐Jaswa Andrea , Knehans Amy , Worster Brooke
Published: September 2024

There is emerging evidence that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of many psychiatric disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Increasing evidence suggests that a number of neurobiological correlates between endogenous cannabinoid function and cognitive dysfunction are seen in ADHD, making the ECS a possible target for therapeutic interventions. Cannabis use and cannabis use disorder are more prevalent in individuals with ADHD, compared to the general population, and there is growing popular perception that cannabis is therapeutic for ADHD. However, the relationship between cannabis use and ADHD symptomology is poorly understood. Further understanding of the role of the ECS in ADHD pathophysiology and the molecular alterations that may be a target for treatment is needed. To further the science on this emerging area of research, this scoping review describes the preclinical and clinical evidence seeking to understand the relationship between the ECS and ADHD.
Brief Report: An Examination of Curvilinear Relations Between Perceived Mother–Child Closeness and Maternal Hair Cortisol
Authors: Swaminathan Kavya , MacDonald Samantha , Doan Stacey
Published: September 2024

Interpersonal closeness has important health benefits; however, recent work suggests that in certain contexts, closeness can come at a cost. In the current study, curvilinear relations between mother–child closeness and health (e.g., depressive and anxiety symptoms and hair cortisol concentrations [HCC]) were tested. Our sample consisted of 117 mother (Mage = 36.86) and child (Mage = 73.07 months, 50.86% male) dyads. A quadratic relationship between maternal perceived closeness with their child and self‐reported depressive and anxiety symptoms, along with overall hair cortisol output, was hypothesized. Path analysis suggested that the quadratic term was predictive of maternal cortisol (β = 0.28, p = 0.001) and depression (β = 0.23, p = 0.014), such that both high and low perceived closeness predict greater maternal depressive symptoms and HCCs as compared to moderate levels of closeness. Results are discussed in terms of parenting support and burnout.
Preparing for the worst: Making evacuation plans accessible
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: September 2024

The Atlantic hurricane season is still in full swing, with hurricanes and tropical storms expected to intensify. Hurricanes Beryl, Debby, and Ernesto have already caused hundreds of millions of dollars in property damage, including damage to college and university campuses. These hurricanes, as well as other natural disasters, serve as a reminder for postsecondary institutions to engage in emergency planning.
Court finds intra‐campus travel accommodations necessary for equal access
Authors: Masinter Michael R.
Published: September 2024

As disability services offices increasingly serve students who seek to modify academic requirements — attendance and deadline modifications, so‐called memory aids for closed book exams, course substitutions for mathematics and foreign language requirements, emotional support animals, and roommate‐free housing accommodations — it's easy to forget that the Americans with Disabilities Act also obligates schools to provide intra‐campus travel accommodations to students with mobility impairments. Students who cannot travel independently on campus face barriers to access that have literally nothing to do with academic requirements.
Tech expert provides guidance for understanding benefits, pitfalls of AI
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: September 2024

PHILADELPHIA — About half of people who use artificial intelligence (more widely referred to as AI) don’t want anyone else to know. That's because they’re worried about seeming replaceable in their jobs, especially if they work in academia. Or they’re concerned that AI use might not be permitted or that it qualifies as some form of cheating, according to Beth Ziesenis, Owner of yournerdybestfriend.com.
Accommodations
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: September 2024

An overview of the key topics faced by disability services providers with citations to noteworthy cases, statutes, regulations, and additional sources.
How Do Patients and Their Supports Experience Temperament Based Therapy With Support (TBT‐S)? A Qualitative Study
Authors: Stedal Kristin , Funderud Ingrid , Lindstedt Katarina
Published: September 2024

Background

Temperament Based Therapy with Support (TBT‐S) is an emerging intervention based on empirically supported neurobiological models. Due to its novelty, only a handful of studies to date have examined TBT‐S, and none of these previous studies have provided a qualitative evaluation of how TBT‐S is perceived by the target population. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to provide an increased understanding of how TBT‐S is experienced by patients with an eating disorder and their supports.

Method

Forty‐six patients with an eating disorder and 63 supports consented to be included in the study. The participants provided written responses to six open‐ended questions during the post‐treatment assessment, detailing their treatment experiences and offering additional feedback. Thematic analysis (TA) was used to analyze their written responses, aiming for a combination of latent and semantic themes.

Results

The results reveal a substantial overlap between patients' and supports' experiences with TBT‐S. In both groups, identified themes suggest increased knowledge and hopefulness as key benefits of the intervention. While both patients and support persons considered TBT‐S to be worthwhile, patients also reported finding the intervention quite challenging. Additionally, both groups emphasized the neurobiological rationale as an essential component of TBT‐S.

Conclusions

The qualitative evaluations from this study offer new insights into how TBT‐S is experienced by the target population. The findings provide an opportunity to incorporate participant suggestions for improving the treatment, and serve as an important building block for future studies aimed at assessing the effectiveness of TBT‐S as an augmentation to treatment‐as‐usual.
A novel optimal design method for tuned mass dampers with elastic motion‐limiting stoppers
Authors: Qu Gaoqiang , Liang Qigang , Li Luyu , Bai Xiaoyu , Ou Jinping
Published: September 2024

Tuned Mass Dampers (TMDs) are commonly used passive control devices in practical engineering applications. However, motion‐limiting stoppers are usually installed to control the excessive TMD displacement due to the building space limitation, resulting in piecewise nonlinearity and detuning of TMD. This paper studies the influence of elastic motion‐limiting stoppers on the optimal design of TMDs through a piecewise stiffness TMD (PSTMD) model. Performance of a PSTMD with classical design is first investigated and proven to be ineffective. To optimize the PSTMD parameters, the motion of PSTMD is decoupled from the controlled structure, and the frequency response equation of PSTMD is obtained analytically through the averaging method. Subsequently, the solution of the optimal design frequency for PSTMD is transformed into the solution of the jump frequency in the frequency response equation. With the optimal frequency of PSTMDs, the optimal damping and control performance of PSTMDs are discussed and analyzed compared with classical linear design, which fully showcases the effectiveness of the novel design method. Finally, the effectiveness of the novel design method is verified using a nine‐story benchmark frame structure, and the results demonstrate that the control performance of the optimal PSTMD can be improved by nearly under specific seismic excitation, compared to the PSTMD with classical linear method. In summary, the novel design method can effectively take into account the influence of piecewise nonlinearity caused by elastic motion‐limiting stoppers and improve the optimal control performance of TMD in a more realistic engineering environment.
Integrated Physical‐Mental Healthcare Services in Specialist Settings to Improve Outcomes for Older People Living With Mental Health Diagnoses: A Systematic Review
Authors: Beishon Lucy , Hickey Bethan , Desai Bhavisha , Chithiramohan Tamara , Evley Rachel , Subramaniam Hari , Maniatopoulos Gregory , Rajkumar Anto P. , Dening Tom , Mukateova‐Ladinska Elizabeta , Robinson Thompson G. , Tarrant Carolyn
Published: September 2024

Background

Many older people are now living with co‐occurring physical and mental health disorders, but these often managed separately. The aim of this systematic review was to explore integrated physical‐mental health care services available internationally for older people living with mental health diagnoses, and whether these result in improved health outcomes.

Methods

Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Scopus were searched with a predefined search strategy (PROSPERO: CRD42022383824), generating 6210 articles. Studies were included where an integrated physical‐mental health care service model was utilised in a population of older people (aged >60 years) with a mental health diagnosis (including dementia or cognitive impairment) and at least one concomitant physical health condition requiring physical health care input. All studies were assessed for risk of bias (ROB 2.0, ROBINS‐I) and results were synthesised narratively.

Results

Nine studies were included across inpatient (n = 6, 1262 patients) and community (n = 3, 466 patients) settings. Studies were rated as low‐moderate risk of bias. These covered joint physical‐mental health wards, liaison services, embedded physicians in mental health wards, and joint multidisciplinary teams. Services with greater integration (e.g., joint wards) had more benefits for patients and carers. There were few benefits to traditional outcomes (e.g., hospital admissions, mortality), but greater care quality, carer satisfaction, and improved mood and engagement were demonstrated.

Conclusions

Multidisciplinary integrated care resulted in improvement of a range of health outcomes for older people with combined physical and mental health needs. Larger and more robust studies are needed to explore the development of these service models further, with cost‐effectiveness analyses.