bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Snarcase - Regain Control over Your Predictions with Low-Latency Machine Unlearning
Authors: Schelter Sebastian , Grafberger Stefan , de Rijke Maarten
Published: November 2024

The "right-to-be-forgotten" requires the removal of personal data from trained machine learning (ML) models with machine unlearning. Conducting such unlearning with low latency is crucial for responsible data management. Low-latency unlearning is challenging, but possible for certain classes of ML models when treating them as "materialised views" over training data, with carefully chosen operations and data structures for computing updates.

We present Snapcase, a recommender system that can unlearn user interactions with sub-second latency on a large grocery shopping dataset with 33 million purchases and 200 thousand users. Its implementation is based on incremental view maintenance with Differential Dataflow and a custom algorithm and data structure for maintaining a top-
k
aggregation over the result of a sparse matrix-matrix multiplication. We demonstrate how interactive low-latency unlearning empowers users in critical scenarios to get rid of sensitive items in their recommendations and to drastically reduce their data's negative influence on other users' predictions.
DiversiNews: Enriching News Consumption with Relevant Yet Diverse News Articles Retrieval
Authors: Sun Yiqun , Huang Qiang , Wang Yanhao , Tung Anthony K. H.
Published: November 2024

In the digital age, where echo chambers on social media and news platforms increasingly shape public opinion, there is a growing need for tools that present news consumers with a broad spectrum of perspectives. To this end, we introduce DiversiNews, a novel system designed to diversify news consumption by providing readers with articles that are not only relevant to their interests but also offer a variety of viewpoints. DiversiNews leverages state-of-the-art semantic text encoding techniques and implements advanced Diversity-aware
k
-Maximum Inner Product Search (D
k
MIPS) algorithms. Our demonstration highlights the potential of DiversiNews to broaden users' exposure to different viewpoints, thereby countering the polarizing effect of digital echo chambers. We showcase how DiversiNews can enrich the news reading experience, supporting the development of a more informed and balanced public discourse in digital news consumption applications.
Navigating Data Repositories: Utilizing Line Charts to Discover Relevant Datasets
Authors: Ji Daomin , Luo Hui , Bao Zhifeng , Culpepper Shane
Published: November 2024

Line charts are fundamental to data analysis and exploration, offering concise visual representations of trends. However, gaining access to the underlying data used to construct these charts is often challenging. In this paper, we describe DDLC (short for Dataset discovery via line charts), an automatic dataset discovery tool that is able to not only identify datasets (from a dataset repository) that are "relevant" to the information depicted from a line chart provided by the users, but also empower users to refine search results based on specific visual elements extracted from the line chart. Moreover, DDLC offers multiple avenues for users to validate search outcomes: 1) Providing explanations on how a similar line chart could be generated from the identified dataset; 2) enabling comparison of line charts generated from different datasets via different ways (e.g., the aggregation vs. non-aggregation operator); 3) facilitating fine-grained examination of the correspondence between the line chart and the identified dataset. By seamlessly combining dataset retrieval with visual refinement and validation mechanisms, DDLC offers a comprehensive solution for the data-driven exploration and analysis.
Demonstration of MaskSearch: Efficiently Querying Image Masks for Machine Learning Workflows
Authors: Wei Lindsey Linxi , Yeung Chung Yik Edward , Yu Hongjian , Zhou Jingchuan , He Dong , Balazinska Magdalena
Published: November 2024

We demonstrate MaskSearch, a system designed to accelerate queries over databases of image masks generated by machine learning models. MaskSearch formalizes and accelerates a new category of queries for retrieving images and their corresponding masks based on mask properties, which support various applications, from identifying spurious correlations learned by models to exploring discrepancies between model saliency and human attention. This demonstration makes the following contributions: (1) the introduction of MaskSearch's graphical user interface (GUI), which enables interactive exploration of image databases through mask properties, (2) hands-on opportunities for users to explore MaskSearch's capabilities and constraints within machine learning workflows, and (3) an opportunity for conference attendees to understand how MaskSearch accelerates queries over image masks.
Utopia: Automatic Pivot Table Assistant
Authors: Cho Whanhee , Fariha Anna
Published: November 2024

Data summarization is required to comprehend large datasets, and aggregations are effective ways to summarize data. A
pivot table
is a mechanism to aggregate numerical attributes grouped by categorical attributes and spreadsheet pivot tables are particularly suitable for novices, where they can rearrange, group, and aggregate data using intuitive interfaces. However, real-world spreadsheet data is often disorganized, with attributes having
multiple values
and
synonymous variants.
For instance, in the IMDb data, multiple genres are stored as a comma-separated value ("Action, Comedy, Drama") and "Science Fiction" can be represented in various ways: "Sci-Fi", "scifi", "Technological Fiction", etc. Such data issues pose barriers for novices while constructing pivot tables, and result in noisy and incomprehensible summarization. Parsing multi-valued attributes forces users to resort to external tools (Power Query) or methods (Python), requiring additional expertise; and consolidating synonymous variants demand manual effort, which is a tedious task.

We introduce Utopia, an a
UTO
matic
PI
vot table
A
ssistant that extends the functionality of spreadsheet pivot tables, overcoming data issues such as multi-valued attributes and synonymous variants. Utopia helps construct pivot tables without requiring additional expertise by (1) automatically detecting multi-valued attributes and organizing the values, achieving
implicit data normalization
, and (2) leveraging SimCSE embeddings and K-Means clustering to consolidate synonymous variants, enabling
semantic aggregation.
We will demonstrate how Utopia enables effective pivot table construction, relieving technical novices from tedious data preprocessing while allowing them to remain in their familiar spreadsheet environment, without requiring external tools or additional expertise.
OSSInsight: Scalable GitHub Analysis
Authors: Ghazal Ahmad , Liang Zhiyuan , Bains Sunny , Maduri Hanumath
Published: November 2024

GitHub is a platform hosting code, enabling collaboration, and supporting version control for a global community of over 100 million developers. The need for free tools is crucial for researching open-source software. Based on our research, we found out that existing tools lack real-time GitHub data processing or have limited functionalities.

This demonstration presents OSSInsight, an open source tool for researching and analyzing GitHub repositories. We first present the architecture of the tool including its access to nearly 7 billion archived & real time data and how it is powered by TiDB. The demonstration shows how OSSInsight provides analysis of GitHub data along three dimensions: developers, repositories and organizations. All these analysis are based on generated SQL queries submitted to TiDB database. TiDB possesses HTAP capabilities, utilizing its row store for simple SQL queries while relying on its column store for more complex queries. Users can view and edit these SQL queries and also view their execution plan. Finally, OSSInsight provides an innovative tool based on OpenAI, that conducts data analysis using input in English text, yielding visual representations in the form of charts and graphs.
Counterfactual Explanation Analytics: Empowering Lay Users to Take Action Against Consequential Automated Decisions
Authors: VanNostrand Peter M. , Hofmann Dennis M. , Ma Lei , Genin Belisha , Huang Randy , Rundensteiner Elke. A.
Published: November 2024

Machine learning is routinely used to automate consequential decisions about users in domains such as finance and healthcare, raising concerns of transparency and recourse for negative outcomes. Existing Explainable AI techniques generate a static counterfactual point explanation which recommends changes to a user's instance to obtain a positive outcome. Unfortunately, these recommendations are often difficult or impossible for users to realistically enact. To overcome this, we present FACET, the first interactive robust explanation system which generates personalized counterfactual region explanations. FACET's expressive explanation analytics empower users to explore and compare multiple counterfactual options and develop a personalized actionable plan for obtaining their desired outcome. Visitors to the demonstration will interact with FACET via a new web dashboard for explanations of a loan approval scenario. In doing so, visitors will experience how lay users can easily leverage powerful explanation analytics through visual interactions and displays without the need for a strong technical background.
CMixing: An Efficient Coin Mixing Platform to Enhance Anonymity in Cryptocurrency Transactions
Authors: Ni Wangze , Zhao Yiwei , Chen Pengze , Chen Lei , Cheng Peng , Zhang Chen Jason
Published: November 2024

Coin mixing methods are widely used to enhance anonymity in cryptocurrency transactions by obfuscating the linkages between recipients and senders. Specifically, coin mixing methods combine several users' transactions into a CoinJoin transaction and decompose the original transactions' outputs into a set of decomposed outputs with similar amounts. However, existing methods have two shortcomings. Firstly, CoinJoin transactions lack anonymity guarantees. Secondly, the number of decomposed outputs is not minimized. To tackle these two shortcomings, we develop a platform named CMixing for mixing transactions with anonymity guarantees and minimal fees. For a CoinJoin transaction obtained by CMixing, the probability of adversaries correctly guessing the original output of a decomposed output does not exceed
c
, where
c
is a privacy requirement. Thus, the first shortcoming is solved. Additionally, CMixing uses an approximation algorithm to decompose original outputs, which approximately minimizes the number of decomposed outputs. Thus, the second shortcoming is solved. Our demonstration will showcase how users can use CMixing to make CoinJoin transactions. We will also show the fees saved and the level of anonymity achieved using our algorithm.
Demonstration of VCR: A Tabular Data Slicing Approach to Understanding Object Detection Model Performance
Authors: Xu Jie Jeff , Dhanani Saahir , Ono Jorge Piazentin , He Wenbin , Ren Liu , Rong Kexin
Published: November 2024

In this demonstration, we present VCR, an automated slice discovery method (SDM) for object detection models that helps practitioners identify and explain specific scenarios in which their models exhibit systematic errors. VCR leverages the capabilities of vision foundation models to generate segment-level visual concepts that serve as interpretable explanation primitives. By integrating these visual concepts with additional image metadata in a tabular format, VCR uses a scalable frequent itemset mining-based technique to identify common patterns associated with model performance. We will demonstrate VCR's capabilities through three usage scenarios. First, users can explore the automatically extracted visual concepts and their associated labels. Second, users can run slice finding on a large object detection dataset and visually inspect the results to discover systematic errors. Finally, users can iteratively refine their slicing results by providing feedback on the granularity of visual concepts and the quality of the generated labels. These scenarios will illustrate how VCR can aid practitioners in discovering non-trivial gaps in their models' performance, providing actionable insights for model improvement.
PD-Explain: A Unified Python-Native Framework for Query Explanations Over DataFrames
Authors: Elyashiv Itay , Gilad Amir , Isakov Edna , Tikochinsky Tal , Somech Amit
Published: November 2024

Interfaces that rely on the Python programming language have become a popular tool for data analysis and exploration. In particular, the Pandas library allows users to query, manipulate, and visualize data in an easy and intuitive manner. However, users who perform such manipulations over the data in the exploratory process may struggle to justify their results, or understand which part (if any) of the obtained results is interesting and why. To handle such scenarios we developed PD-Explain, a Python library that adapts multiple prevalent query explanation approaches from the literature, and makes them accessible to Pandas users. PD-Explain is seamlessly integrated with Pandas and contains explanation functions that users can employ to choose the explanation approach they wish to use along with the necessary parameters in order to get the explanation in the suitable form. PD-Explain further allows users to automatically detect the interesting parts of a query result and get a visualization of the explanation accompanied by a Natural Language description. Our demonstration will include four different types of query result explanations and three real-world datasets with appropriate analysis tasks that will highlight the intuitive nature and usefulness of PD-Explain in data exploration tasks.
HocoPG: A Database System with Homomorphic Compression for Text Processing
Authors: Guan Jiawei , Zhang Feng , Tang Yuxin , Ye Weitang , Du Xiaoyong
Published: November 2024

Databases employ out-of-line storage and compression strategies to manage extensive text data. However, the growth in both the size of individual data items and overall data volume has significantly increased the burden of decompression, adversely affecting query performance. To address this challenge, we develop HocoPG, an innovative system that incorporates homomorphic compression theory within RDBMS, enabling direct computation on compressed data to enhance query efficiency and system usability. HocoPG performs homomorphic evaluations across a suite of basic text operations, enabling the execution of intricate text queries by combining these operations flexibly. In this demonstration, we showcase the deployment and usage of HocoPG through a database terminal. Additionally, we introduce the HocoPG Admin, a tool that provides insights to DBAs and general users for choosing the optimal compression scheme based on their individual needs.
HSAP: A Human-in-the-Loop Social Media-Based Situation Awareness Platform
Authors: Zhou Xiangmin , He Chengkun , Chen Xi , Zhang Yanchun
Published: November 2024

Situation-awareness (SA) has been important for natural disaster management and smart decision making. Traditionally, security officers recognize disaster situations through emergency reporting with phone calls. However, due to the busy phone lines or power outages caused by disasters, traditional SA has been limited in terms of time and mitigation response, which may cause high loss in life and properties in disaster areas. Social media-based SA has been studied recently. However, existing systems are designed for events without nonconsecutive migrations over location and time. In this demo, we design HSAP, the first human-in-the-loop social media-based SA platform for effective and efficient management of disasters with complex event migrations. HSAP is designed with a number of novel techniques, including complex social event detection, summarization, and human-in-the-loop result filtering. We demonstrate the usage of HSAP via Nepal earthquake 2015.
Harmonizing ML and Databases: A Symphony of Data (VLDB 2024 Keynote)
Authors: Ozcan Fatma
Published: November 2024

Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly transforming the landscape of computing and daily life, demonstrating immense potential across diverse applications like natural language processing, machine translation, and code generation. This talk delves into the impact of LLMs on database research. Specifically, we'll examine how LLMs are fueling innovation in natural language interfaces for data interaction, highlighting current limitations and advocating for semantic data models and enhanced context to improve the accuracy of these solutions. Drawing inspiration from LLMs, we'll introduce a novel paradigm for database cost modeling, leveraging pre-trained models and fine-tuning techniques. We'll share our early-stage prototype, initial results, and outline a research roadmap highlighting numerous exciting challenges in this evolving field.
Sicherheit in turbulenten Zeiten: Herausforderungen für die Bildung
Authors: Grande Edgar
Published: November 2024

Wir befinden uns in einem neuen Zeitalter der Unsicherheit, das geprägt ist von neuen zivilisatorischen Unsicherheiten, multiplen Krisen und Kriegen. Sicherheit kann in einer so unsicheren und turbulenten Welt nicht mehr über kompensatorische Politiken alleine hergestellt werden, sie muss vor allem über individuelle Befähigung geschaffen werden. Deshalb sollte Bildungspolitik im 21. Jahrhundert den gleichen Stellenwert bekommen, den die Sozialpolitik im 20. Jahrhundert hatte. Das kann nicht nur Aufgabe des Staates allein sein. Hier besteht auch ein großer und zunehmender Bedarf für zivilgesellschaftliches Engagement.
Nationale Bildungsberichterstattung: Wo bleibt die Zivilgesellschaft?
Authors: Arnoldt Bettina , Kuger Susanne
Published: November 2024

Seit 2006 wird alle zwei Jahre der Nationale Bildungsbericht herausgegeben. Er beschreibt den Stand des Bildungsgeschehens, dessen Rahmenbedingungen und die Bildungserträge in Deutschland. Zivilgesellschaftliche Beiträge werden bislang jedoch noch nicht hinreichend erfasst. Der Beitrag stellt mit Fokus auf die Altersgruppe der Kinder und Jugendlichen die Bildungsleistung ausgewählter Gruppen vor. Es wird dargestellt, wie diese bereits im Bericht aufgegriffen werden und welche Herausforderungen mit einer Ausweitung der non-formalen Bildung verbunden sind.
Somatic GNAS mutations in acromegaly: prevalence, clinical features and gender differences
Authors: Yang Yamei , Yao Yong , Deng Kan , Xing Bin , Lian Wei , You Hui , Feng Feng , Lian Xin , Mao Xinxin , Gong Fengying , Wang Linjie , Chen Meiping , Ke Xiaoan , Miao Hui , Duan Lian , Zhu Huijuan
Published: November 2024

Background

Somatic GNAS mutations are acknowledged as a significant etiological factor for acromegaly. However, the relationship between GNAS mutation status, clinical characteristics and gender has not been adequately investigated. This study aims to address these gaps by examining GNAS mutations and delineating the detailed clinical profile of affected patients within a Chinese acromegaly cohort.

Methods

Our study encompassed 97 individuals newly diagnosed with acromegaly who underwent surgical treatment between May 2015 and January 2022. We obtained DNA from frozen pituitary adenomas to screen for GNAS hotspot mutations and assessed the associated clinical characteristics.

Results

In our cohort, 44.3% (43/97) of patients exhibited somatic GNAS mutations. Patients with mutations were predominantly male (58.1 vs 33.3%, P = 0.015), experienced longer diagnosis delays (72.0 (48.0, 120.0) vs 36.0 (21.0, 75.0) months, P = 0.002), had smaller maximum tumor diameters (1.75 ± 0.83 vs 2.23 ± 0.89 cm, P = 0.008) and demonstrated higher rates of growth hormone (GH) secretion per unit tumor volume (18.93 (9.67, 30.12) vs 10.91 (2.80, 20.40) ng/mL cm−3, P = 0.005). Regarding gender-specific differences, GNAS mutations in male patients were linked to significantly higher baseline GH levels (24.40 (14.40, 36.30) vs 10.55 (5.25, 16.95) ng/mL, P = 0.002), while female patients with mutations had notably smaller tumor sizes (1.55 ± 0.55 cm vs 2.32 ± 0.85 cm, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

GNAS mutations are prevalent among Chinese acromegaly patients, correlating with reduced pituitary tumor sizes and enhanced GH secretion functions. Our findings underscore the influence of gender on the clinical manifestations of GNAS mutations. Accordingly, we recommend that future clinical and foundational research studies on acromegaly give heightened consideration to gender-specific differences.
Does intraoperative wound irrigation with diluted povidone-iodine prevent surgical site infection in spine surgery?
Authors: Mu Xiaoping , Wei Xiaodong , Li Zhuhai , Wei Minke , Wei Jianxun
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study employed meta-analysis to evaluate whether the application of intraoperative wound irrigation (IOWI) with povidone-iodine (PI) in spine surgery effectively reduces the incidence of postoperative surgical site infection (SSI).

Methods

The present study was conducted strictly following the methodological guidance provided by the Cochrane Handbook. The protocol of this work was registered with PROSPERO. Two researchers independently conducted electronic searches in Medline via PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. The bias risk of each included study was evaluated by two assessors. We performed statistical analysis on the dataset using STATA software.

Results

Fourteen studies involving a total of 6777 patients were included in the present work. The risk of bias of six included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was considered as low-to-moderate risk, and the quality scores of the eight included retrospective cohort studies were rated as high quality. The results of this meta-analysis indicated a significant difference in the incidence of postoperative SSI between the two groups (RR = 0.29, 95% CI: (0.18, 0.47)). Moreover, patients who underwent IOWI with PI had lower rates of deep and superficial infections after spine surgery compared with the controlled group (superficial infection: RR = 0.28, 95%CI: (0.14, 0.54); Deep infection: RR = 0.24, 95%CI: (0.10, 0.60)). The sensitivity analysis results indicated good robustness and high evidence strength after data consolidation in the overall rate of postoperative SSI and the incidence of deep/superficial infection.

Conclusions

IOWI with PI solution during spinal surgery can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative SSI.
Ancient Egyptian antiquities of the XXI Dynasty in Ukrainian museums
Authors: Tarasenko Mykola
Published: November 2024

The monograph is devoted to ancient Egyptian objects of the 21st Dynasty, which are kept in the museum institutions of Ukraine (Odesa, Kyiv, Poltava, Lviv, and Zolochiv). The book presents previously unknown facts and archival documents concerning the fate of antiquities originating from the “Second mummy cache” (Bāb el-Gusūs) discovered in 1891 in the Deir el-Bakhri area. In 1893, the Egyptian government donated some of the finds to 17 foreign countries, including the Russian Empire, which received Lot 6. The circumstances related to the stay of the antiquities of Lot 6 in Odesa in 1894-1895, their further fate and the current place of storage are considered. The book is intended for specialists in Oriental studies, museum staff and museologists, students of humanities and anyone interested in the history and culture of ancient Egypt.
ПРАВОВИЙ РЕЖИМ МАЙНА ФЕРМЕРСЬКИХ ГОСПОДАРСТВ ЯК ЕФЕКТИВНОЇ ФОРМИ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ У СУЧАСНИХ КРИЗОВИХ УМОВАХ
Authors: ЗЕЛІСКО Алла
Published: November 2024

У статті сфокусовано увагу на правових аспектах діяльності фермерських господарств, пов’язаних із питанням їх майнової відокремленості. Підкреслена підприємницька правова природа фермерських господарств, майнова основа їх діяльності як запорука її ефективності. Констатовано, що чинні норми спеціального законодавчого акта не передбачають жодних відмінних положень, пов’язаних із діяльністю фермерських господарств — юридичних осіб та фермерських господарств, створених фізичною особою — підприємцем. Доведено, що в основі цих відмінностей знаходиться критерій майнової відокремленості господарства та його засновника чи то членів.
Synthesis of a parametrically robust controller with an extended state observer
Authors:   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Khoroshylov S.V. , Wang C. ,   School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University
Published: November 2024

This paper considers the problem of control of a parametrically uncertain dynamic system using an extended state observer. The control system is implemented using a two-loop scheme, where the outer loop ensures the fulfillment of the selected criterion for controlling the state vector, and the inner loop compensates for or reduces the influence of the vector of the total equivalent disturbance. The goal of the study is to develop a procedure for synthesizing an extended state observer taking into account the parametric uncertainty of the plant and the requirements for the closed loop of the combined control system specified in the frequency domain. Methods of control theory, robust control, and computer modeling are used for this study. The effect of the parametric uncertainty of the plant on its controlled motion is presented as a structured disturbance described in the form of a block-diagonal matrix. The concept of structured singular values is used to determine the measure of the system's robustness. Using the methodology of optimization of structured singular values, a procedure is proposed for synthesizing the extended state observer when considering a closed loop of a combined control system taking into account the parametric uncertainty of its mathematical model. The requirements ensuring the specified performance and stability of the closed loop of the control system taking into account the spectral properties of disturbances and sensor noise are formulated in the frequency domain using frequency-dependent weighting functions. For the synthesis of combined controllers based on the minimization of structured singular values, a D-G-L-K iteration algorithm is developed. The efficiency of the proposed approach is illustrated by a numerical example. Recommendations are given for the synthesis of parametrically robust combined controllers. The practical value of the obtained results lies in the fact that the procedure developed reduces the conservatism of robust combined control systems and, as a result, improves the control performance in the case of parametric uncertainty of the plant.
Dynamics of electrically controlled propellant valves for “green”-propellant thrusters
Authors:   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Knyshenko Yu. V.
Published: November 2024

Recently, the leading space countries have paid much attention to searching for and using new types of untoxic “green” propellants. Developments of 0.1 N to 220 N “green”-propellant thrusters have been reported, and some of them have been successfully tested in flight conditions. Liquid-propellant spacecraft thrusters are actuators of a spacecraft in-orbit motion control system. They are actuated from command signals of the spacecraft control system by applying a voltage to the electromagnet coils of the propellant valves of each of the engines that are to feed the propellant during a specified time interval to produce a required thrust impulse. A problem common to liquid-propellant thrusters irrespective of the propellant type is a thruster start-up delay with respect to the command signal and a thruster shut-down delay with respect to the electromagnet coil de-energizing. In other words, the thruster response is shifted with respect to the command signal. Because of this, the valve parameters must be chosen in such a way as to minimize the delay effect. The goal of this work is to determine design parameters of electrically controlled propellant valves that would provide an efficient in-orbit operation of “green”-propellant thrusters with a minimum of electric energy consumption. To determine these parameters, use was made of a branch standard, the procedure of work with which was based on empirical data and verified by numerical simulation. The key factor in shortening the thruster start-up delay is to reduce the seat-to-tip valve plate travel on condition that a required propellant amount is fed to the reaction chamber. However, this extends the shut-down delay, which has a harmful effect in the short-impulse operation mode. It is shown by calculation that after the electromagnetic parameters have reached their steady-state values, the voltage can be reduced by 30 to 40 per cent of its nominal value with the valve kept in an open state, after which the valve closes with a shorter delay. In addition, this way of valve energizing reduces the total electric energy consumption for valve operation. The mathematical model of valve dynamics allows one to determine the valve operation parameters in the case of short command signals probable in flight conditions. In such a case, a valve does not open to a full extent, which results in a low specific impulse. The results of this study may be used in the development of “green”-propellant thrusters.
Monitoring of Viral Infections in Vegetable Crops in Agroecosystems of Ukraine
Authors: Tsvigun V.O. , Levishko A.S. , Gumeniuk I.I. , Mazur S.O.
Published: November 2024

Information on the abundance and diversity of phytopathogenic viruses in Ukraine is very variable and limited. There is a high importance of a complex study of the species composition and ways of spreading crop viruses, as well as the development of epiphytotic forecasting systems, which will help to limit the ranges of these viruses and save crop yields. Consequently, the aim of our study was to explore the species composition and frequency of mono- and mixed virus infection of vegetable crops in Ukrainian agrocenoses and to identify the possible etiology of its occurrence. Methods. The samples were analyzed for the presence of viral antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in sandwich and indirect modifications. For the detection of viral antigens in ELISA, test systems manufactured by Loewe were used. To identify the virus, the material was homogenized and purified, and then registered on a reader. Results. The frequency of vegetable crops damaged by diseases of viral etiology increased by 25–27% compared to the previous years of the study. Serological analysis showed that 59% of the studied samples of the Cucurbitaceae family and 54% of the Solanaceae family were affected by the main viral diseases most common in Ukraine. The seed way of transmission of vegetable viruses in Ukraine was demonstrated as one of the sources of viruses in agrocenoses. The presence of antigens to cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in 14.3% of the studied seeds, zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) – 11.2%, and tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) – 12.6% was shown. This allows us to suggest that sowing those seeds in the future will contribute to the spread of these viruses across Ukraine. Analysis of soil samples showed the presence of antigens of cucumber mosaic virus, tobacco mosaic virus, and potato virus X. The lowest level of antigens to CMV was detected in the soils of Vinnytsia region, to PVX – in the Kyiv and Cherkasy regions, and to TMV – in the Odesa region. Conclusions. Vegetable agrocenoses in Ukraine are more often affected by viruses belonging to the Tobamovirus, Cucumovirus, Potyvirus, and Tospovirus genera of the Bromoviridae, Potyviridae, and Bunyaviridae families. In addition to the increasing areas of viral monoinfection, there is an active spread of mixed infection, or "superinfection", in Ukrainian agrocenosis. Mixed infections are mainly formed during the growth and development of the tested vegetable crops. All of this leads to further significant spread of not only mono- but also mixed virus infection of vegetable crops.
Judge's arguments in decisions involving Sharia economic disputes in the regional religious courts of Jakarta, 2015–2022.
Authors: Rahman Faqih Zuhdi , Siradj Mustolih , Asadurrahman Asadurrahman
Published: November 2024

Judges must be capable of settling sharia economic issues without departing from accepted sharia principles. When weighing each decision, the judge takes into account the DSN-MUI Fatwa, which serves as a manual and a mechanism for the implementation of sharia economic activities in Indonesia, as well as KHES, which serves as the primary legal framework for religious courts handling sharia economic disputes. This study intends to map the judges' arguments in sharia economic issues and explain how the National Sharia Council-Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI) Fatwa and the Compilation of Sharia Economic Law (KHES) are applied in Religious Court rulings involving sharia economic disputes. A qualitative approach is applied in the study methodology, which is normative legal research. The study's findings demonstrate that the judges' arguments in sharia economic matters in the Jakarta Regional Religious Court jurisdiction reflect their own viewpoints. The judge's arguments in the five Religious Courts in the Jakarta region frequently reference the Civil Code for legal justifications. The DSN-MUI Fatwa and KHES must be applied as effectively as possible. The use of KHES is only used in specific articles, namely using Articles 36 and 38 of the Compilation of Sharia Economic Law and the DSN-MUI Fatwa, which is mostly used in matters of compensation or ta'widh or sanctions for customers who are unable to fulfill their obligations, according to an analysis of sharia economic case decisions at the Jakarta Regional Religious Court.
Protection of the Rights, Freedoms and Interests of Ukrainian Citizens in Court Proceedings During the War
Authors: Kyrychenko Yurii , Kurakin Oleksandr , Kyrychenko Viktor , Nazarenko Pavlo , Baieva Liliia
Published: November 2024

The article aims to reveal access to justice during wartime in cases related to protecting citizens' rights, freedoms and interests. Active hostilities are taking place in most regions of Ukraine, making it impossible to deliver justice in administrative courts. However, the High Council of Justice has resolved this issue properly, so access to justice in Ukraine during wartime in cases related to protecting citizens' rights, freedoms and interests is currently possible following the Constitution of Ukraine. Courts are obliged to administer justice even under martial law, and their powers are not suspended. To ensure access to the Court, the Supreme Court changed the territorial jurisdiction of about one hundred courts in Ukraine. In connection with the introduction of martial law in Ukraine, all procedural terms shall be renewed, consideration of cases shall not be stopped, and excessive formalism on the part of judges shall not allowed. The methodological basis of the research is presented as comparative-legal and systematic analysis, formal-legal method, interpretation method, hermeneutic method, and methods of analysis and synthesis. The article analyzes the Decision of the ECtHR, and based on this, the author concludes that the ECtHR considers financial costs as an obstacle to accessing justice. Access to Court is adequate only when a person will have a real opportunity to challenge wrongful actions in practice. According to the ECtHR, the construction of Article 6 of the Convention is effective only if the case is considered in Court. The ECtHR singles out the right to access the Court as a component of the right to a fair trial. Attention is drawn to the fact that courts must take all measures to restore violated rights.
Provisions on investment registration certificates upon establishment of enterprises and cooperatives in Vietnam – Shortcomings and recommendations for improvement
Authors: Linh Cao Nhat
Published: November 2024

An investment registration certificate in Vietnamese law is a written or electronic document that records the investor's registration information on the investment project. This Certificate is a mandatory prerequisite for foreign investors to establish or participate in establishing economic organisations in Vietnam, including companies and cooperatives. The methodology employed in this study is qualitative research. This study uses the literature approach and the Statute approach. This rule has a few exceptions, but it is usually required. Nevertheless, the Law on Investment, the Law on Enterprises, and the Law on Cooperatives all contain several illogical and inconsistent provisions for the most part. Because of this, the application of the law becomes more complex. Therefore, to enhance the Vietnam Law on Investment, it is essential to continue improving, revising, and supplementing the provisions of the Vietnam Law on Investment, the Vietnam Law on Enterprises, and the Vietnam Law on Cooperatives.
International Relations in the Perspective of Fiqh al-Siyasah
Authors: Abdillah Masykuri , Masyrofah Masyrofah
Published: November 2024

This article analyzes the concept and practice of international relations according to fiqh al-siyasah, related to war and peace, international law, diplomacy and international cooperation. This study emphasizes the concept of international relations (al-‘alâqât al-dauliyyah) normatively, using the approach of international relations studies and international law. Thus, the sources of data or information in this study are the Quran, Hadis and the opinions of Muslim scholars (ulamas) and theories of international relations and international law. Since the beginning Islam has provided guidelines on relations between groups and kingdoms, which in today's context refer to international relations. In addition to the principles of international relations, the Quran and Hadith also provide normative references, which then the Muslim scholars formulated as international law. Philosophically, there is a difference between secular international law and Islamic law derived from revelation understood by contextual ijtihad. However, at present the majority of Muslim scholars believe that in general, there is compatibility between the principles of modern international law and the principles of Islamic law, especially in the form of agreements ('uhûd and mawâtsiq), customs ('âdât), and ratio ('aql), which also recognized by Islamic law.
Forest Conservation and Development in India– An Analysis of the Forest Rights Act, 2006 and Its Impact on the Forest System
Authors: Sahoo Prajnee Samedhini , Bang Sanjay , Sahil Gurudev
Published: November 2024

Development of any kind is seen as a destroyer of the environment. Development affects the environment, ecology and climate. But it is necessary for the progress of the human being and consequently any country. This gave rise to the concept of sustainable development. Sustainable development is development which fulfills the needs of the present generation while protecting the environment for the needs of the future generation. In India, there are many laws protecting and safeguarding the environment. Many of those laws provide for exceptional circumstances under which the environment can be harmed. Most of the time it is for the public purpose of development. The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 commonly known as the Forest Rights Act, 2006 recognizes the rights of the forest dwellers over forest land and forest resources for life, habitation and livelihood. These forest dwellers are required by the Act to conserve the forest. It provides for the management of forest and forest resources for the sustainable use of the forest dwellers at the same time for the protection of the forest. The Act requires the Gram Sabha to conserve and protect biodiversity, wildlife and forest. The Act also makes provisions for allocating forest land for development purposes. When the law recognizes the right of forest dwellers to reside on forest land, it necessarily follows that development facilities like education, roads and others shall be made available. So the Act recognizes the right of forest dwellers over forest and also provides for basic developmental facilities for the use of the forest dwellers. This research paper analyses the long standing conflict between environmental law providing for the conservation of environment and development. It will critically analyze the Forest Rights Act, 2006 provisions on the diversion of forest land and also analyze a few Supreme Court of India judgments.
State’s Management of Belief and Religious Activities according to Vietnam law and role in the direction of cultural activities
Authors: Vu Van Hong
Published: November 2024

Vietnam’s innovation process, which started in 1986, has created many changes in the country's economic, political, and cultural life; at the same time changed the State’s behavior on beliefs and religions. According to the Law on Belief and Religion (2016), many forms of beliefs are recognized and many religions coexist in Vietnam and role in the direction of cultural activities. The Vietnam State also respects the people’s right to freedom of belief and religion. The topic of this study is to focus on clarifying the diversity in people’s beliefs and religious activities as well as the recognition by the State’s legal documents on the diversity of beliefs, many religious organizations as well as the people’s freedom of beliefs, and religion when the country innovation. In this context, information about different types of beliefs and religions; diversity in belief and religious activities; and number of followers will be provided. Then there is the legal basis of people’s freedom of belief and religious activities; regulations on the organization and operation of religious organizations will be considered and evaluated. Limitations and shortcomings in religious activities will be discussed; some issues of orientation for the state management of beliefs and religions were raised. This study aims to evaluate the positive changes in the State’s belief and religion policy and propose some solutions to improve the State’s management policy and law on belief and religion. This study has important implications for the State to continue to have policies to continue to manage and promote the people’s diversity in belief and religious activities.
Цифрова трансформація публічного управління: перспективні на-прямки досліджень
Authors: Квітка Сергій , Корсун Віталій , Магиляс Юрій
Published: November 2024

Цифрова трансформація стала глобальним трендом, який пронизує всі сфери життя суспільства, включаючи публічне управління та адміністрування. Однак залишається дискусійним питання щодо глибини та наслідків перемін, що викликані повсюдним впровадженням цифрових технологій. Оскільки саме цифрове суспільство, а можна сказати, і цифрова цивілізація, знаходяться у стані трансформаційних змін, аналіз процесів, що відбуваються носить не системний характер. Тому актуальним завданням є визначення напрямів дослідження змін, спричинених цифровими технологіями, їх рушійних сил, процесів впровадження їх результатів тощо.
Метою підготовки цієї статті є визначення певного кола напрямків наукових досліджень щодо цифрової трансформації публічного управлінням виходячи з уявлень про дослідження у цій сфері, що представлені у наукових публікаціях зарубіжних країн.
Проаналізовано велику кількість наукових публікацій у зарубіжних країнах, переважно за останні 5 років, в яких було розглянуто різні аспекти досліджень цифрової трансформації публічного управління. Визначені певні особливості теоретичних та емпіричних підходів до аналізу цифрового розвитку держав та становлення новітніх системи публічного управління. Показано специфічні вектори впливу цифрових технологій на взаємодію органів влади із стейкхолдерами та громадянами, як споживачами цифрових публічних послуг.
Аналіз досліджень з різних країн світу  показав широкий спектр цифрової проблематики, яка знаходиться в центрі уваги науковців. Це дозволяє запропонувати певне бачення тих напрямків дослідження цифрової трансформації публічного управління, яким, з нашої точки зору, було б доцільно     приділити увагу дослідників цифрового розвитку України. У висновку представлені 10 можливих напрямків подальших досліджень цифрової трансформації, які можуть надати корисні результати для реалізації політики цифрового розвитку України в майбутньому.
Динаміка державно-управлінської актуальності проблем суспільної консолідації та соціальної солідарності в Україні
Authors: Черленяк Іван , Токар Маріан , Щуренко Федір
Published: November 2024

Актуальність. Акцентовано на суспільній консолідації як багатогранній проблемі державного управління. Сфокусовано на динаміці проблеми з боку науково-експертної спільноти, посадовців влади. Доводиться, що в умовах воєнного стану виникають різні загрози та суперечності у житті держави. Смислова картина й діяльнісний принцип «суспільна консолідація» мають бути конкретизовані як система подій, зв’язків і протиріч управлінських та еволюційних процесів сучасної України.
Мета: дослідження змісту й структури факторів формування аритмії процесів суспільної консолідації/деконсолідацїї України; вивчення викликів системі держуправління у сфері забезпечення соціального порядку, суспільної консолідації, соціальної солідарності й стійкості держави.
Результати дослідження. Доводиться, що в роки Незалежної України суспільна консолідація розглядалася спершу як плани забезпечення питань націєтворення, концепції формування політичної нації, а згодом, через загострення боротьби з гібридною інформаційною кампанією РФ та формування нових граней консолідації/деконсолідації в Україні, як прикладний аспект державно-управлінського характеру, спрямованого на збільшення потенціалу стійкості держави.
Висновки. Встановлено, що суспільна консолідація та соціальна солідарність є динамічними факторами впливу на якість і стійкість держави, що визначаються формами зв’язку в чотирикутнику «громадянин – держава – суспільство – громада». З’ясовано, що суспільна консолідація – це процес і чинник взаємодії систем організації суспільства та державно-управлінських організаційних систем. Серед найбільших загроз формування суспільної консолідації постає фрагментація суспільної свідомості та середовища, особливо, якщо вона відбувається в умовах зростання обсягів впливу інформаційних інструментів гібридної війни, директивних інструментів здійснення влади, поширення популістських інформаційних технологій. Суспільна консолідація і соціальна солідарність мають надважливе значення для стійкості України в умовах війни.
Biztonságos döntések: a matematikatudás legitimáló ereje
Authors: Farkas-Kis Máté
Published: November 2024

A döntéshozatal és annak módja a gazdaság egyik legfontosabb eleme. A mindennapi döntések soha nem a tényleges helyzetek, hanem az észlelt helyzetek alapján születnek. A vezetői döntések előkészítésében, a gazdasági elemzések és az adatelemzések mögött a matematikai ismeretek állnak. Az emberek matematikai problémamegoldási képességét számos külső és belső tényező befolyásolja. Jelen kutatás online kérdőív használatával történő adatfelvételt követő elemzés eredményeit mutatja be a matematikával kapcsolatos attitűdök, a tanulási élmények és a matematikai teljesítmény tapasztalatain keresztül. A kutatás az első lépés a matematika és a döntéshozatal kapcsolatának átfogó vizsgálatában. A kutatás célja a matematikaoktatás jelentőségének megértése a döntési képességek fejlesztésében, amelynek kulcsszerepe van a kritikus gondolkodás és problémamegoldó képesség fejlesztésében.