bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulation of multiple signaling pathways promotes the consistent expansion of human pancreatic progenitors in defined conditions
Authors: Jarc Luka , Bandral Manuj , Zanfrini Elisa , Lesche Mathias , Kufrin Vida , Sendra Raquel , Pezzolla Daniela , Giannios Ioannis , Khattak Shahryar , Neumann Katrin , Ludwig Barbara , Gavalas Anthony
Published: September 2023

The unlimited expansion of human progenitor cells in vitro could unlock many prospects for regenerative medicine. However, it remains an important challenge as it requires the decoupling of the mechanisms supporting progenitor self-renewal and expansion from those mechanisms promoting their differentiation. This study focuses on the expansion of human pluripotent stem (hPS) cell-derived pancreatic progenitors (PP) to advance novel therapies for diabetes. We obtained mechanistic insights into PP expansion requirements and identified conditions for the robust and unlimited expansion of hPS cell-derived PP cells under GMP-compliant conditions through a hypothesis-driven iterative approach. We show that the combined stimulation of specific mitogenic pathways, suppression of retinoic acid signaling, and inhibition of selected branches of the TGFβ and Wnt signaling pathways are necessary for the effective decoupling of PP proliferation from differentiation. This enabled the reproducible, 2000-fold, over 10 passages and 40–45 d, expansion of PDX1+/SOX9+/NKX6-1+ PP cells. Transcriptome analyses confirmed the stabilization of PP identity and the effective suppression of differentiation. Using these conditions, PDX1+/SOX9+/NKX6-1+ PP cells, derived from different, both XY and XX, hPS cell lines, were enriched to nearly 90% homogeneity and expanded with very similar kinetics and efficiency. Furthermore, non-expanded and expanded PP cells, from different hPS cell lines, were differentiated in microwells into homogeneous islet-like clusters (SC-islets) with very similar efficiency. These clusters contained abundant β-cells of comparable functionality as assessed by glucose-stimulated insulin secretion assays. These findings established the signaling requirements to decouple PP proliferation from differentiation and allowed the consistent expansion of hPS cell-derived PP cells. They will enable the establishment of large banks of GMP-produced PP cells derived from diverse hPS cell lines. This approach will streamline SC-islet production for further development of the differentiation process, diabetes research, personalized medicine, and cell therapies.
Regulation of multiple signaling pathways promotes the consistent expansion of human pancreatic progenitors in defined conditions
Authors: Jarc Luka , Bandral Manuj , Zanfrini Elisa , Lesche Mathias , Kufrin Vida , Sendra Raquel , Pezzolla Daniela , Giannios Ioannis , Khattak Shahryar , Neumann Katrin , Ludwig Barbara , Gavalas Anthony
Published: September 2023

The unlimited expansion of human progenitor cells in vitro could unlock many prospects for regenerative medicine but it remains an important challenge as it requires the decoupling of the mechanisms supporting progenitor self-renewal and expansion from feed-forward mechanisms promoting their differentiation. The expansion of human pluripotent stem (hPS) cell derived pancreatic progenitors (PP) will accelerate the development of novel therapies for diabetes.We obtained mechanistic insights into the expansion requirements of PP cells and leveraged them to conduct a hypothesis-driven iterative search to identify conditions for the robust and unlimited expansion of hPS cell derived PP cells under GMP-compliant conditions. We show that the combined stimulation of specific mitogenic pathways, suppression of retinoic acid signaling and inhibition of selected branches of the TGFβ and Wnt signaling pathways are necessary for the effective decoupling of PP proliferation from differentiation. This enabled the selection of PDX1
+
/SOX9
+
/NKX6.1
+
PP cells and their consistent, 2000-fold, expansion over ten passages and 40-45 days. Transcriptome analyses confirmed the stabilisation of PP identity and the effective suppression of differentiation. Using these conditions, PDX1
+
/SOX9
+
/NKX6.1
+
PP cells, derived from different, both XY and XX, hPS cells lines, were enriched to nearly 90% homogeneity and expanded with very similar kinetics and efficiency. Furthermore, non-expanded and expanded PP cells, from different hPS cell lines, were differentiated in micropatterned wells into homogeneous islet-like clusters (SC-islets) with very similar efficiency. These clusters contained abundant β-cells of comparable functionality as assessed by glucose-stimulated insulin secretion assays.These findings established the signaling requirements to decouple PP proliferation from differentiation and allowed the consistent expansion of hPS cell derived PP cells. They will enable the establishment of large banks of PP cells derived under GMP conditions from diverse hPS cell lines. This will also streamline the generation of SC-islet clusters for further development of the differentiation process, diabetes research, personalized medicine and cell therapies.
A maximum of two readily releasable vesicles per docking site at a cerebellar single active zone synapse
Authors: Silva Melissa , Tran Van , Marty Alain
Published: September 2023

Recent research suggests that in central mammalian synapses, active zones contain several docking sites acting in parallel. Before release, one or several synaptic vesicles (SVs) are thought to bind to each docking site, forming the readily releasable pool (RRP). Determining the RRP size per docking site has important implications for short-term synaptic plasticity. Here, we take advantage of recently developed methods to count the number of released SVs at single glutamatergic synapses in response to trains of action potentials. In each recording, the number of docking sites was determined by fitting with a binomial model the number of released SVs in response to individual action potentials. After normalization with respect to the number of docking sites, the summed number of released SVs following a train of action potentials was used to estimate of the RRP size per docking site. To improve this estimate, various steps were taken to maximize the release probability of docked SVs, the occupancy of docking sites, as well as the extent of synaptic depression. Under these conditions, the RRP size reached a maximum value close to two SVs per docking site. The results indicate that each docking site contains two distinct SV binding sites that can simultaneously accommodate up to one SV each. They further suggest that under special experimental conditions, as both sites are close to full occupancy, a maximal RRP size of two SVs per docking site can be reached. More generally, the results validate a sequential two-step docking model previously proposed at this preparation.
Inovação, na prática: um estudo sobre a cultura de inovação em micro e pequenos empreendimentos do comércio do Sertão Central de Pernambuco
Authors: Souza Maria Eduarda da Silva Vieira , Dos Santos Maria Fernanda , Sobral Eryka Fernanda Miranda , De Melo Fagner José Coutinho , Amorim Bartira Pereira , Vital Junior Silvio André , Guimarães Junior Djalma Silva
Published: September 2023

O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a percepção dos gestores das Micro e Pequenas empresas do setor de comércio na região do Sertão Central Pernambucano em relação à cultura de inovação. A pesquisa é de natureza aplicada e classifica-se como descritiva, do tipo Survey, com abordagem quantitativa embasada em pesquisa bibliográfica e aplicação de questionários a fim de mensurar a percepção dos gestores das MPEs. Os resultados indicam que as MPEs do Sertão Central de Pernambuco compreendem a importância da cultura de inovação e a colocam em prática como forma de se manter competitivas no mercado, mesmo que seja mediante inovações incrementais.  Desse modo, a pesquisa traz contribuições para os donos, gerentes e colaboradores das MPEs do Sertão Central Pernambucano e demais regiões acerca da temática que os ajudará no desenvolvimento de métricas para que possam acompanhar e avaliar os processos de inovação, ademais na criação de políticas que contribuirá com o crescimento do comércio na região.
The 4.0 revolution in meat industries and the impacts on transaction cost savings
Authors: Da Silva Gilberto Casares Rosa , Carrer Celso da Costa
Published: September 2023

The article brings a reflection on what is happening in industry 4.0, in the agribusiness environment, more specifically in the meat processing industries, and the relationship of these movements with transaction cost savings, which occur within the food chain, between suppliers, producers, distributors, customers, among others.
Odd Chen Exponential Distribution: Properties and Applications
Authors: Otoo Henry , Inkoom Justice , Wiah Eric N.
Published: September 2023

In this study, a new statistical distribution with three parameters called the Odd-Chen Exponential has been proposed. The statistical properties of the proposed distribution, such as the quantile, moments, incomplete moments, moment-generating function, and mean residual life, were developed. The density shows different shapes, making it more flexible for analyzing different forms of data. The hazard function also exhibits different shapes, including the well-known bathtub shape, which means that the distribution is flexible with real-life data. To estimate the distribution parameters, ordinary least squares estimators, Cramér-von Mises estimators, and maximum likelihood estimators were derived. The results were compared using a Monte Carlo simulation. Two-time datasets; one from the mining field and the other from survival analysis, were used to check the applicability of the proposed distribution. The results revealed that the OCE distribution performed better than the Odd Chen Weibull, Odd Chen Rayleigh, Rayleigh, Cauchy, Generalised Inverse Weibull and the Modified Extended Chen distributions.
Minimum Transversal Eccentric Dominating Energy of Graphs
Authors: Riyaz Ur Rehman A.  , Ismayil A. Mohamed
Published: September 2023

For a graph G, the minimum transversal eccentric dominating energy \(\mathbb{E}\)\(\mathit{ted}\) (G) is the sum of the eigenvalues obtained from the minimum transversal eccentric dominating \(\mathit{n}\) x \(\mathit{n}\) matrix \(\mathbb{M}\)\(\mathit{ted}\) (G) = (\(\mathit{m}\)\(\mathit{ij}\)). In this paper \(\mathbb{E}\)\(\mathit{ted}\) (G) of some standard graphs are computed. Properties, upper and lower bounds for \(\mathbb{E}\)\(\mathit{ted}\) (G) are established.
On the Modeling of Causative and Dependence Relationship of Cancers based on Gender and Cumulative Incidence
Authors: Bosson-Amedenu Senyefia , Eduboah Eric Justice , Teku Emmanuel , Ouerfelli Noureddine , Baidoo Ransford Ekow
Published: September 2023

Objectives: The goal of our study was to model the causative relationship and dependence of morbidity, mortality, and cumulative incidence with respect to GLOBOCAN 2020 age standardized world estimates for female and male malignancies using two adjustable parameters having physical significance.

Methods: The GLOBOCAN age standardized world estimates for patients for the year 2020 were used in this investigation. For the purposes of analyzing descriptive and analytical data, Kaleidagraph and Origin Software were employed. Bivariate empirical cross- correlation and dependency analyses were used to model how the variables were related to one another. The ratio of new cases to fatalities was calculated using equations comparing the stages of various malignancies.

Results: In this work, the use of a two-state parameter resulted in the estimation of the optimal solution. The results demonstrated a non-linear correlation with a progressive increase when the cumulative risk of cancer death for each sex was examined separately versus the global cumulative risk of cancer mortality for both sexes. Males experienced the increase more dramatically than females. This finding suggests that the global male-to-female population ratio is not the only factor contributing to cumulative risk.

Conclusion: South-Eastern Asia, out of all the regions of the world examined in this study, reached its inflection point at (16.23, 14.87). This generates the baseline and standard against which the overall risk of other countries can be measured. The global cumulative risk, which was estimated at 21.50 for females and 17.94 for males, respectively, dropped at this inflection point.
Agro-Waste Biochar to Reduce the Leaching of Heavy Metals from Coal Fly Ash Amended Soil
Authors: Ukwattage N. L.  , Li Y.  , Lakmalie U. V.  , Gan Y.
Published: September 2023

The soils added with coal fly ash may contain heavy metals potentially up to the levels of toxicity.  Biochars have been successfully used in the past to reduce the bioavailability and leaching of heavy metals in contaminated soils. Therefore, the co-application of biochar together with coal fly ash could positively change the bioavailability and leaching characteristics of heavy metals in sandy soils through various fixing mechanisms. In the present study, the authors investigated the effect of agro-waste biochar in modifying the leaching loss of heavy metals from coal fly ash contaminated soils. Column leaching tests with simulated rainfall conditions were conducted for sandy Ultisol soils mixed with coal fly ash and avocado branch cut biomass biochar at 5 tons/ha rate. The results showed the presence of heavy metals in the leachate of fly ash added soil. Application of biochar significantly reduced the leachability of all the tested heavy metals in the study. The reduction rates were up to 55% compared to non-amended samples. Therefore, the agro-waste biochar can effective be used in stabilizing the heavy metals in coal fly ash contaminated soils, to minimize the risk of environmental contamination.
Scientific Approaches for Mass Production, Cold Storage and Release of Trichogramma: Their Role in Insect Pest Management
Authors: Mansion Heenashree , Yadav Anita , Aman Ashutosh Singh , Mishra Rishabh , Rajpoot Pankaj Kumar , Pandey Lakshmi , Singh Sandeep , Jaiswal Shailja , Bajpeyi Madan Mohan
Published: September 2023

The use of Trichogramma as a tool in the scientific management of pest insects emerges as a vital element to promote sustainability in agriculture. Having suitable storage methods for parasitoids is a valuable asset within biological control programs. The quality of Trichogramma is affected by cold storage with an acclimation period. Prepupae were subjected to storage for 50, 75, and 100 days at 5°C, preceded by acclimation periods of 10 or 20 days at 12°C. The research revealed the potential to halt the development of Trichogramma. Treatments with a 10-day acclimation period resulted in emergence values below 10%, rendering them unsuitable for establishing a cold storage protocol. In contrast, a 20-day acclimation period benefitted cold storage tolerance for the 50- and 75-day storage periods. The storage of Trichogramma, using a 20-day acclimation period and up to 50 days under cold temperatures, did not adversely affect adult emergence, emergence time, sex ratio, parasitism, or progeny quality.
Protein Quality Characterization of Defatted White Sesame Cake and Its Protein Isolate
Authors: Himabindhu Bakam , Kuna Aparna , Devi T. Sucharitha , Preethi M. , Chary D. Srinivasa , Azam M. M.
Published: September 2023

Present work evaluated the protein quality of defatted white sesame flour and the protein isolates obtained from sesame cake through the alkaline extraction at a pH 9.5. The study was conducted at Department of Foods and Nutrition, Post Graduate and Research Center (PGRC), College of Community Science and MFPI - Quality Control Laboratory, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad (India) during 2021-2023. Defatted white sesame cake was subjected to alkaline extraction at pH 9.5 and resultant isolates were evaluated for nutrient composition, scanning electron microscope imaging, amino acid composition and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis. The obtained data was subjected to one-way analysis of variance. The white sesame protein isolates had a protein content of 93.83%, isolate recovery of 37.00 g/100 g and protein yield of 71.77%. The non-essential amino acids (NEAAs) content of the defatted white sesame flour and white sesame protein isolates ranged between 68.06% to 70.60% of the total protein content, while 29.40% to 31.94% was essential amino acids (EAAs). Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis of defatted white sesame flour WSF and white sesame protein isolate (WSPI) exhibited protein bands within the molecular weight range of 20 to 62 kDa. The protein isolates derived from sesame seed cake has promising potential for integration into diverse food formulations, offering an avenue to combat protein deficiencies.
Movimentos do corpo estesiológico em Merleau-Ponty e a experiência da dança
Authors: Nóbrega Terezinha Petrucia da
Published: September 2023

O objetivo deste ensaio encontra-se nos movimentos para compreender a estesiologia do corpo na obra de Merleau-Ponty, em diálogo com a experiência da dança.  A apreciação das obras do filósofo, em particular a Fenomenologia da Percepção, A dúvida de Cézanne,  O olho e o Espírito e outros textos publicados postumamente, permitiu-nos percorrer o movimento das ideias sobre corpo e a estesiologia e sua relação com o sentir.  Para Merleau-Ponty, o corpo é colocado no centro da experiência, do mundo-vida e das operações reflexivas. Mas, que corpo é esse? Não se trata aqui do corpo marcado pelo racionalismo cartesiano e seus desdobramentos. Mas, sim considerar o corpo sensível exemplar, o corpo dos afetos, da expressão, o corpo como criador de mundos subjetivos e intersubjetivos. Neste movimento, entramos na dança para expressar nuances do corpo estesiológico.
Oral Nanomedicine: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Deng Bo , Liu Shaomin , Wang Ying , Ali Barkat , Kong Na , Xie Tian , Koo Seyoung , Ouyang Jiang , Tao Wei
Published: September 2023

Compared to injection administration, oral administration is free of discomfort, wound infection, and complications and has a higher compliance rate for patients with diverse diseases. However, oral administration reduces the bioavailability of medicines, especially biologics (e.g., peptides, proteins, and antibodies), due to harsh gastrointestinal biological barriers. In this context, the development and prosperity of nanotechnology have helped improve the bioactivity and oral availability of oral medicines. On this basis, first, the biological barriers to oral administration are discussed, and then oral nanomedicine based on organic and inorganic nanomaterials and their biomedical applications in diverse diseases are reviewed. Finally, the challenges and potential opportunities in the future development of oral nanomedicine, which may provide a vital reference for the eventual clinical transformation and standardized production of oral nanomedicine, are put forward.
Bistable Spin‐Crossover Nanoparticles for Molecular Electronics
Authors: Torres‐Cavanillas Ramón , Gavara‐Edo Miguel , Coronado Eugenio
Published: September 2023

The field of spin‐crossover complexes is rapidly evolving from the study of the spin transition phenomenon to its exploitation in molecular electronics. Such spin transition is gradual in a single‐molecule, while in bulk it can be abrupt, showing sometimes thermal hysteresis and thus a memory effect. A convenient way to keep this bistability while reducing the size of the spin‐crossover material is to process it as nanoparticles (NPs). Here, the most recent advances in the chemical design of these NPs and their integration into electronic devices, paying particular attention to optimizing the switching ratio are reviewed. Then, integrating spin‐crossover NPs over 2D materials is focused to improve the endurance, performance, and detection of the spin state in these hybrid devices.
Photodynamic eradication of intratumoral microbiota with bacteria‐targeted micelles overcomes gemcitabine resistance of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Liu Renfa , Yang Huanyu , Qu Shuai , Yang Peipei , Zhi Xin , Xu Yunxue , Dai Zhifei , Qian Linxue
Published: September 2023

Increasing evidence suggests that intratumoral microbiota plays a pivotal role in tumor progression, immunosurveillance, metastasis, and chemosensitivity. Particularly, in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, tumor‐resident Gammaproteobacteria could transform the chemotherapeutic drug gemcitabine (Gem) into its inactive form, thus rendering chemotherapy ineffective. Herein, a strategy for selectively eradicating intratumoral bacteria was described for overcoming Gem resistance in a pancreatic cancer animal model. An antimicrobial peptide was linked with photosensitizer through a poly (ethylene glycol) chain, which can self‐assemble into micelles with a diameter of ∼20 nm. The micelles could efficiently kill bacteria under light irradiation by inducing membrane depolarization, thereby inhibiting Gem metabolism. In a bacteria‐resident pancreatic cancer animal model, the selective photodynamic eradication of intratumoral bacteria was demonstrated to efficiently reverse Gem resistance. This research highlights antibacterial photodynamic therapy as a promising adjuvant strategy for cancer therapy by modulating intratumoral microbiota.
Dominant frontonasal dysplasia with ectodermal defects results from increased activity of ALX4
Authors: Peled Alon , Sarig Ofer , Mohamad Janan , Eskin‐Schwartz Marina , Vodo Dan , Bochner Ron , Malchin Natalya , Isakov Ofer , Shomron Noam , Fainberg Gilad , Bertolini Marta , Paus Ralf , Sprecher Eli
Published: September 2023

Frontonasal dysplasia (FND) refers to a group of rare developmental disorders characterized by abnormal morphology of the craniofacial region. We studied a family manifesting with clinical features typical for FND2 including neurobehavioral abnormalities, hypotrichosis, hypodontia, and facial dysmorphism. Whole‐exome sequencing analysis identified a novel heterozygous frameshift insertion in ALX4 (c.985_986insGTGC, p.Pro329Argfs*115), encoding aristaless homeobox 4. This and a previously reported dominant FND2‐causing variant are predicted to result in the formation of a similar abnormally elongated protein tail domain. Using a reporter assay, we showed that the elongated ALX4 displays increased activity. ALX4 negatively regulates the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway and accordingly, patient keratinocytes showed altered expression of genes associated with the WNT/β‐catenin pathway, which in turn may underlie ectodermal manifestations in FND2. In conclusion, dominant FND2 with ectodermal dysplasia results from frameshift variants in ALX4 exerting a gain‐of‐function effect.
A Carbene Relay Strategy for Cascade Insertion Reactions
Authors: Li Li , Mi Chenggang , Huang Guanwang , Huang Meirong , Zhu Yuyi , Ni Shao‐Fei , Wang Zhaofeng , Huang Yong
Published: September 2023

Insertion reactions that involve stabilized electrophilic metallocarbenes are of great importance for installing α‐heteroatoms to carbonyl compounds. Nevertheless, the limited availability of carbene precursors restricts the introduction of only a single heteroatom. In this report, we describe a new approach based on an I(III)/S(VI) reagent that promotes the cascade insertion of heteroatoms. This is achieved by sequentially generating two α‐heteroatom‐substituted metal carbenes in one reaction. We found that this mixed I(III)/S(VI) ylide reacts efficiently with a transition metal catalyst and an X−H bond (where X=O, N). This transformation leads to the sequential formation of a sulfoxonium‐ and an X‐substituted Rh‐carbenes, enabling further reactions with another Y−H bond. Remarkably, a wide range of symmetrical and unsymmetrical α,α‐O,O‐, α,α‐O,N‐, and α,α‐N,N‐subsituted ketones can be prepared under mild ambient conditions. In addition, we successfully demonstrated other cascades, such as CN/CN double amidation, C−H/C−S double insertion, and C−S/Y−H double insertion (where Y=S, N, O, C). Notably, the latter two cascades enabled the simultaneous installation of three functional groups to the α‐carbon of carbonyl compounds in a single step. These reactions demonstrate the versatility of our approach, allowing for the synthesis of ketones and esters with multiple α‐heteroatoms using a common precursor.
BiBr3‐Mediated Intramolecular Aza‐Prins Cyclization of Aza‐Achmatowicz Rearrangement Products: Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Suaveoline and Sarpagine Alkaloids
Authors: Cheng Wai Fung , Ma Shiqiang , Lai Yin Tung , Cheung Yuen Tsz , Akkarasereenon Kornkamon , Zhou Yiqin , Tong Rongbiao
Published: September 2023

An intramolecular aza‐Prins cyclization of aza‐Achmatowicz rearrangement products was developed in which bismuth tribromide (BiBr3) plays a dual role as an efficient Lewis acid and source of the bromide nucleophile. This approach enables the facile construction of highly functionalized 9‐azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes (9‐ABNs), which are valuable synthetic building blocks and a powerful platform for the synthesis of a variety of alkaloid natural products and drug molecules. Suitable substrates for the aza‐Prins cyclization include 1,1‐disubstituted alkenes, 1,2‐disubstituted alkenes, alkynes, and allenes, with good to excellent yields observed. Finally, we showcase the application of this new approach to the enantioselective total synthesis of six indole alkaloids: (−)‐suaveoline (1), (−)‐norsuaveoline (2), (−)‐macrophylline (3), (+)‐normacusine B (4), (+)‐Na‐methyl‐16‐epipericyclivine (5) and (+)‐affinisine (6) in a total of 9–14 steps. This study significantly expands the synthetic utility of the aza‐Achmatowicz rearrangement, and the strategy (aza‐Achmatowicz/aza‐Prins) is expected to be applicable to the total synthesis of other members of the big family of macroline and sarpagine indole alkaloids.
Fluorescent Probes for the Detection of Bone Metabolism
Authors: Zhang Jiawei , Pan Sheng , Song Bin , Xu Youjia , Wang Houyu , He Yao
Published: September 2023

The skeleton plays a significant role in human health. Comprehensive and non‐invasive visualization of the bone is in high demand to detect bone‐related diseases. Clinically, conventional imaging techniques continue to face challenges in terms of limited imaging sensitivity, extended acquisition durations, and the inherent presence of ionizing radiation. These factors collectively hinder their capacity to furnish real‐time spatial insights into cellular activity. Recently, Numerous innovative imaging methodologies employing diverse types of probes have emerged to enhance the clinical detection of bone. In vivo imaging of bone contribute to continuously detecting bone metabolism and growth, diagnosing bone metastases, visualizing medication delivery to bones. Fluorescent probes in dynamic detection of bone metabolism several inherent advantages. First, Fluorescent probes present lower potential long‐term toxicity than radioactive isotope labels. Second, fluorescent dyes used in in vitro imaging are more cost‐effective and come in a more compact size. Next, Near‐infrared (NIR) dyes have deeper tissue penetration capability and lower tissue autofluorescence. However, bone‐imaging fluorescent probes highly depend on phosphonate‐related ligands. These ligands have multiple side effects in clinic and long half‐live of them also exacerbates clearance concerns. This review aims to conclude and analyse the recently reported fluorescent probes for the precise detection of bone. Firstly, we outline the fundamental design mechanism of bone fluorescent probes and describe diverse bone‐targeting moieties, emphasizing the targeting ligands, signal moieties, and functionalities of these probes. Secondly, we discuss the recent promising bone fluorescent probes for the precise and sensitive detection of bone. Finally, we offer our insights on potential future advancements in this field. We anticipate that this review will inspire creative ideas for designing and creating innovative bone‐targeting probes, with applications in bone imaging, pharmaceutical screening, and assessing therapeutic outcomes.
Sorghum oleoresins: Effect of extraction on compositional and structural characteristics
Authors: Kaya Eda Ceren , Yucel Umut , Peiris Shantha , Aramouni Fadi
Published: September 2023

Oleoresins are resin‐like viscous materials obtained from plants, oilseeds, or spices with functional properties. The objectives of this study were to obtain oleoresins from waxy burgundy sorghum grain, and to characterize the effects of extraction process and solvents on their composition and functional properties. Oleoresins were obtained by using the following solvents with and without ball milling: two types of novel ionic liquids (IL1: 1‐n‐Hexyl‐3‐methylimidazoliumchloride, IL2: 1‐Ethyl‐3‐methylimidazoliumchloride), ethanol and dichloromethane. The effects of processing were evaluated for the extraction yield, protein, fat and total phenolic content, fatty acid composition, particle size and zeta potential, and FTIR spectra. The use of ILs and ball mill process significantly (p < 0.05) affected the extraction yield and physicochemical properties. The highest extraction yields increased (31.35% ± 0.58) when ball milling used with IL2 in comparison to the lowest (18.37% ± 0.77) obtained by traditional ethanol extraction. In a similar way, protein concentration and phenolic content were the highest (1.37% ± 0.05 and 0.57% ± 0.01, respectively) with ball milling extraction and IL1. The FTIR spectra indicated higher phospholipids (at 1200 cm−1) and protein‐phospholipid bonding (at 1700 cm−1) by ILs, and ball milling as compared to traditional extraction. Overall, wet milling‐assisted extraction by using a ball mill and ILs provided control over the composition of the oleoresins important for value‐added food applications and higher extraction efficiencies as compared to traditional techniques.
Polyols from castor oil (Ricinus communis) and epoxidized soybean oil (Glycine max) for application as a lubricant base
Authors: Stradolini Paola , Gryczak Marcelo , Petzhold Cesar Liberato
Published: September 2023

Polyols are widely synthesized from fossil sources and applied in multiple sectors of the industry as raw material for polyurethane production and also as lubricants. Although the preparation method normally used is efficient and practical, it is necessary to develop environmentally friendly synthesis route that reduce pollution. This study focuses on an alternative synthetic route for the synthesis of polyols using only raw materials from renewable sources. Polyols were successfully obtained by modifying castor oil and epoxidized soybean oil through transesterification, transamidation and oxirane ring opening. The polyols were then characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C‐NMR), acidity index (AI), thermogravimetry (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), dynamic viscosity and exploratory scanning of ecotoxicological parameters using Artemia salina. The results highlight the promising potential of transamidated castor oil (TACO) polyol in the field of biolubricants, attributed to its high viscosity index, oxidative stability and, ecofriendly behavior.
Preparation and biotribological properties of PSBMA polyelectrolyte brush on PEEK surface
Authors: Zhang Weipeng , Shen Jiajia , Xu Jiangchuan , Zhang Liuwang , Luo Yong
Published: September 2023

PEEK has been widely used in orthopedic implants for three decades. However, poor hydrophilicity and lower tribological properties are the weaknesses of PEEK that need to be optimized in artificial joint applications. Zwitterionic sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) polyelectrolyte brushes are prepared on the PEEK surface by UV irradiation to improve the hydrophilicity and biotribological properties. The three‐factor and three‐level orthogonal experiments are designed to investigate the effects of monomer concentration, irradiation time, and temperature of the grafting quantity of SBMA on the PEEK surface. The composition of the grafted PEEK specimens is characterized by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Hydrophilicity and biotribological properties are also characterized. Results show that SBMA is successfully grafted onto the PEEK surface by UV‐induced grafting polymerization, and the effects of the three process parameters on the grafting quantity are ranked as concentration > time > temperature. The hydrophilicity and biotribological properties are significantly improved due to the graft of the hydrophilic PSBMA polyelectrolyte brushes, and the improved biotribological can be attributed to the load‐bearing capacity of PSBMA polyelectrolyte brush and the boundary lubrication formed by the adsorption of water molecules.
Comparison of Effectiveness of the Novel Periosteal Pedicle Graft Technique with Coronally Advanced Flap for the Treatment of Long‐Span Unesthetic Multiple Gingival Recession Defects
Authors: Mahajan Ajay , Asi Kanwarjit Singh
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Multiple gingival recession defects (MGRD) are considered a complex clinical scenario; therefore, recent scientific evidence suggests the need for further clinical research for treating MGRD. While coronally advanced flap (CAF) is an established procedure for the effective management of MGRD, its success is limited in terms of long‐term stability. The periosteal pedicle graft (PPG) has been drawing considerable attention as a treatment modality for managing gingival recession defects (GRD) owing to its immense regenerative potential and has shown promising results.

Case Series

Thirty‐five patients, with maxillary MGRD in the age group of 25 to 40 years were randomly divided into PPG (test) and CAF (control) groups. The percentage of root coverage along with mean change in probing depth (PD), gingival thickness (GT), width of keratinized gingiva (WKG) and width of attached gingiva (WAG) were recorded, at baseline and after 1 year. Patient satisfaction criteria were also compared, and the results were analyzed statistically.

Conclusion

After 1 year, the test group had 91.3% defect coverage while the control group had 76.3% defect coverage. PPG was more predictable than CAF in terms of percent root coverage with superior esthetic outcomes for the treatment of MGRD.
Rendering and presentation of 3D digital ink landscape painting
Authors: Li Xunxiang , Huang Yufang , Jiang Ziyan , Liu Yi , Hou Yiru
Published: September 2023

Explore the digital rendering mode with texturing brush and ink effect, analyze and simulate the brush and ink characteristics of traditional Chinese ink painting, especially the art of landscape painting, and try to integrate the texture of wrinkle method synthesis map and modeling technology based on particle deposition and stacking (overlapping) to render, thus realizing the computer simulation of small freehand brushwork and large freehand brushwork (splash ink) ink effects in traditional landscape painting. This research inherits and develops the esthetic theory and thought of traditional ink painting art, and makes some beneficial exploration in the field of digital freehand ink painting, which has positive reference value and promotion significance for the development of Chinese ink painting.
Hepatectomy for massive hepatic necrosis after transcatheter arterial embolization hemostasis for hepatic hemorrhage following hepatic trauma: A case report
Authors: Hanaki Takehiko , Tokuyasu Naruo , Yata Shinsaku , Kishino Mikiya , Murakami Yuki , Shishido Yuji , Miyatani Kozo , Kihara Kyoichi , Matsunaga Tomoyuki , Yamamoto Manabu , Sakamoto Teruhisa , Hasegawa Toshimichi , Fujiwara Yoshiyuki
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical Message

Although partial hepatic necrosis often occurs following endovascular treatment for bleeding associated with hepatic trauma, it is relatively rare that additional treatment is required. However, invasive procedures such as hepatic resection should sometimes be considered when infection occurs over massive hepatic necrosis.

Although partial hepatic necrosis following endovascular treatment for bleeding associated with hepatic trauma is occasionally experienced, it is relatively rare for the necrotic area of the liver to require additional treatment. However, invasive procedures such as hepatic resection should sometimes be considered when infection occurs over massive hepatic necrosis.
Emergency management of colon adenocarcinoma in an adolescent female: A rare case report
Authors: Harshini Chintapenta , Harsha T. Sri , Rajkumar Billakanti , Shaikh Humaira , Habib Nooreen , Anand Ayush
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical Message

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) should be suspected in pediatric patients with a bowel obstruction in an emergency setting. Evidence‐based surgical management with chemotherapy is crucial to prevent adverse outcomes.

CRC should be suspected in pediatric patients presenting to the emergency with unspecified abdominal pain. An erect X‐ray abdomen and a colonoscopy should be initial diagnostic tests. If colonoscopy raises suspicion of CRC, a biopsy during colonoscopy is indicated. A computed tomography scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis will also aid in diagnosis, staging, and planning intervention. In advanced cases, the intervention includes proximal diversion, bypass, and bowel resection with anastomosis. Sometimes postoperative chemotherapy may be required.
The Diversity of Cucurbituril Molecular Switches and Shuttles
Authors: Kermagoret Anthony , Bardelang David
Published: September 2023

Ring translocation switches and shuttles featuring a macrocycle (or a ring molecule) navigating between two or more stations continue to attract attention. While the vast majority of these systems are developed in organic solvents, the cucurbituril (CB) macrocycles are ideally suited to prepare such systems in water. Indeed, their stability and their relatively high affinity for relevant guest molecules are key attributes toward translating the progresses made in organic solvents, into water. This concept article summarizes the findings, key advances and multiple possibilities offered by CBs toward advanced molecular switches and shuttles in water.
Poly(arylene iminoborane)s, Analogues of Poly(arylene vinylene) with a BN‐Doped Backbone: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: Maier Matthias , Chorbacher Johannes , Hellinger Anna , Klopf Jonas , Günther Julian , Helten Holger
Published: September 2023

Despite the great success of the concept of doping organic compounds with BN units to access new materials with tailored properties, its use in polymer chemistry has only been realized quite recently. Herein, we present a comprehensive study of oligo‐ and poly(arylene iminoborane)s comprising a backbone of phenylene or thiophene moieties, as well as combinations thereof, linked via B=N units. The novel polymers can be regarded as BN analogues of poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) (PPV) or poly(thiophene vinylene) (PTV) or their copolymers. Our modular synthetic approach allowed us to prepare four polymers and 12 monodisperse oligomers with modulated electronic properties. Alternating electron‐releasing diaminoarylene and electron‐accepting diborylarylene building blocks gave rise to a pronounced donor‐acceptor character. Effective π‐conjugation over the arylene iminoborane backbone is evidenced by systematic bathochromic shifts of the low‐energy UV‐vis absorption maximum with increasing chain length, which is furthermore supported by crystallographic and computational investigations. Furthermore, all compounds investigated show emission of visible light in the solid state and aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) behavior, due to the presence of partially flexible linear B=N linkages in the backbone.
Cancer incidence in the US military: An updated analysis
Authors: Bytnar Julie A. , McGlynn Katherine A. , Nealeigh Matthew D. , Shriver Craig D. , Zhu Kangmin
Published: September 2023

Background

Military and general populations differ in factors related to cancer occurrence and diagnosis. This study compared incidence of colorectal, lung, prostate, testicular, breast, and cervical cancers between the US military and general US populations.

Methods

Data from the US Department of Defense’s Automated Central Tumor Registry (ACTUR) and the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program were analyzed. Persons in ACTUR were active‐duty members 20–59 years old during 1990–013. The same criteria applied to persons in SEER. Age‐adjusted incidence rates, incidence rate ratios, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by sex, race, age, and cancer stage. Temporal trends were analyzed.

Results

ACTUR had higher rates of prostate and breast cancers, particularly in 40‐ to 59‐year‐olds. Further analyses by tumor stage showed this was primarily confined to localized stage. Incidence rates of colorectal, lung, testicular, and cervical cancers were significantly lower in ACTUR than in SEER, primarily for regional and distant tumors in men. Temporal incidence trends were generally similar overall and by stage between the populations, although distant colorectal cancer incidence tended to decrease starting in 2006 in ACTUR whereas it increased during the same period in SEER.

Conclusion

Higher rates of breast and prostate cancers in servicemembers 40–59 years of age than in the general population may result from greater cancer screening utilization or cumulative military exposures. Lower incidence of other cancers in servicemembers may be associated with better health status.
Artificial neural network‐driven federated learning for heart stroke prediction in healthcare 4.0 underlying 5G
Authors: Bhatt Harsh , Jadav Nilesh Kumar , Kumari Aparna , Gupta Rajesh , Tanwar Sudeep , Polkowski Zdzislaw , Tolba Amr , Hassanein Azza S.
Published: September 2023

In recent years, smart healthcare, artificial intelligence (AI)‐aided diagnostics, and automated surgical robots are just a few of the innovations that have emerged and gained popularity with the advent of Healthcare 4.0. Such technologies are powered by machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), which are preferable for disease diagnosis, identifying patterns, prescribing treatments, and forecasting diseases like stroke prediction, cancer prediction and so forth. Nevertheless, much data is needed for AI, ML, and DL‐based systems to train effectively and provide the desired outcomes. Further, it raises concerns about data privacy, security, communication overhead, regulatory compliance and so forth. Federated learning (FL) is a technology that protects data security and privacy by limiting data sharing and utilizing model information of distributed systems to enhance performance. However, existing approaches are traditionally verified on pre‐established datasets that fail to capture real‐life applicability. Therefore, this study proposes an AI‐enabled stroke prediction architecture consisting of FL based on the artificial neural network (ANN) model using data from actual stroke cases. This architecture can be implemented on healthcare‐based wearable devices (WD) for real‐time use as it is effective, precise, and computationally affordable. In order to continuously enhance the performance of the global model, the proposed FL‐based architecture aggregates the optimizer weights of many clients using a fifth‐generation (5G) communication channel. Then, the performance of the proposed FL‐based architecture is studied based on multiple parameters such as accuracy, precision, recall, bit error rate, and spectral noise. It outperforms the traditional approaches regarding accuracy, which is 5% to 10% higher.
UAV instantaneous power consumption prediction using LR‐TCN with simple moving average
Authors: Dudukcu Hatice Vildan , Taskiran Murat , Kahraman Nihan
Published: September 2023

The usage of multi‐rotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has rapidly increased in a variety of industries recently, which has caused a quick rise in the quantity of research works on the topic. Remaining battery life prediction, anomaly detection and instantaneous power consumption prediction are among the topics that attract the most attention of researchers. This article presents the development and utilization of a modified temporal convolutional network (TCN) model, a commonly employed approach for anomaly detection and instantaneous power consumption prediction in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The first modification to the TCN model was to use the Leaky ReLu activation function in place of the rectified linear unit (ReLu) activation function from the original TCN model. In the next step, instantaneous power consumption prediction for UAVs was performed by using the data obtained from both sensors and simple moving average (SMA) algorithm. As a result of the tests performed with the created simulation setup, it has been clearly shown that the proposed method gives better results compared to other deep learning models used for comparison with the lowest RMSE of 0.0496.
Collection and Analysis of Vaginal Smears to Assess Reproductive Stage in Mice
Authors: Quignon Clarisse
Published: September 2023

An increasing number of scientific studies include female mice to assess possible sex differences. As such, for reproducibility by others, it is important to consider hormonal levels, i.e., report the reproductive status of the female mice used. The mouse estrous cycle can be divided in 4 stages, all characterized by a different proportion of 3 cell types found in vaginal secretions. Observation of the mouse vaginal opening and collection of vaginal smears for analysis of cytology can be done in order to determine puberty onset and estrus stage. This protocol describes the characteristics of each estrus stage and details a quick and low‐invasive method for collection of vaginal secretions. Examples of estrous cycle stages are included to help the investigator visualize patterns of cyclicity, which can provide important information about the reproductive health of the mice. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

Basic Protocol 1: Visual assessment of vaginal opening

Basic Protocol 2: Collection of vaginal secretion (smears)
Effect of elastic scattering between ions and neutral particles on ion transport perpendicular to magnetic fields in divertor plasmas
Authors: Umezaki Daisuke , Matsuura Hideaki , Hoshino Kazuo
Published: September 2023

In divertor plasmas, atomic processes play a significant role in reducing the divertor heat load. In particular, the elastic scattering between ions and neutral particles can be characterized as a large‐angle scattering; this is in contrast with Coulomb scattering, which is dominated by small‐angle scattering. In a large‐angle scattering, a large fraction of the ion energy is transferred to the neutral particle, and the particle flight direction can be changed significantly. This process can generate additional particle transport perpendicular to magnetic field lines and affect plasma density profile in neutral‐rich divertor regions. However, in most edge plasma simulation codes, the elastic scattering with neutral particles is not taken into account in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field lines. In this study, we performed a 2D orbital calculation without other drifts such as diamagnetic and E × B drifts to assess the effect of the elastic scattering on the density profile. The peak density is found to be decreased by 11.1 (6.3)% compared with the model that ignores the transport due to the elastic scattering, even at 3.0 (5.0) T magnetic field similar to that of the JT‐60SA (JA DEMO reactor) class. In addition, the ion transport can be expressed as a diffusion model by integrating the differential cross section over the large‐angle scattering range . The proposed method may be easily introduced into any integrated codes to consider the elastic scattering.