bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parametric multi-response optimisation of various organic Rankine cycle configurations for geothermal heat source application using Taguchi – grey relational analysis
Authors: Igbong Dodeye Ina , Obhuo Mafel , Nyong Oku Ekpenyong
Published: June 2024

In this study, statistical methods (Taguchi, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and grey relational analysis (GRA)) are used to evaluate the impact, contribution ratios, and order of importance of parameters on the energy and exergy efficiencies of the simple organic Rankine cycle (SORC) and dual pressure organic Rankine cycle (DORC). The parameters being investigated are the working fluid (A), pinch point temperature difference of the evaporator (B) and condenser (C), degree of superheating (D), evaporator temperature (E), condenser temperature (F), turbine isentropic efficiency (G), pump isentropic efficiency (H), and low-pressure evaporator temperature (J, for DPORC only). Whereas the Taguchi method determines the optimum parameter combination for maximum system performance, ANOVA weighs the influence of individual parameters on the performance of the target function, and GRA optimizes the multi-response characteristic function. The condenser and evap-orator temperatures, pinch point temperature difference of the condenser and turbine isentropic efficiency are revealed as the major process parameters for multi-response performance characteristics of SORC, with an influence factor of 44.79%, 20.96%, 14.81% and 10.69%, respectively. While considering three different working fluids: HFE7000 (1), R245fa (2), and R141b (3), the combination A1B1C1D3E2F1G3H3 is determined as the optimum operating condition for multi-response per-formance characteristic of SORC with first- (energy) and second- (exergy) law efficiencies calculated as 18.64% and 51.69%, respectively. For DPORC, the turbine isentropic efficiency, condenser temperature, and pinch point temperature difference of the condenser and evaporator are the main process parameters for multi-response performance with 41.90%, 17.80%, 14.75%, and 10.47% impact factors, respectively. The best operating condition is obtained as A1B1C1D3E2F1G3H3J2 with first- and second-law efficiencies computed as 13.17% and 57.33%, respectively.
Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) exploration data in drought prone areas case study: Buriram Province, Thailand
Authors: Saoanunt Naruemol , Yungsukkasam Narongdet
Published: June 2024

An electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) investigation was conducted across four drought-prone districts in the Buriram Province, Thailand. The primary objective was to evaluate and map the potential of groundwater reservoirs as sources of water for household and agricultural purposes during the dry season. It was accomplished through the implementation of the Schlumberger array configuration. An electrical resistivity survey instrument was used to generate a 2D resistivity model of the electrical resistance profiles, or pseudo section profiles. The survey instrument included more than 50 electrodes, enabling the investigation of the profile to a depth of up to 50 m from the ground surface. The resistivity values obtained from the field data were recorded and converted or interpreted using RES2DINV software. The data were analysed by comparing them with the geological information about the site and referencing the geological borehole data as at 50 m depth from the surface. The results of the ERT survey indicated that groundwater in the arid areas of the Buriram Province can be found at shallow depths around 10–20 m from the surface and it is deposited in sedimentary and clay layers, and it has remained relatively stable over a 2-year period with the water level measured by an electric probe in the summer, winter and rainy seasons in Thailand.
Interrelation of state information systems for land management
Authors: Petrakovska Olga , Mykhalova Mariia , Lizunova Alina
Published: June 2024

State information systems play a significant role in information support of land management. Open state information systems and technologies are a modern mechanism of data collection, processing, analysis and publication for transparent, democratic, effective land resources management. Within the national Ukrainian context, land management activities are described by components presented in the article. The purpose of the study is to investigate the interrelation of different kinds of state information systems for land management. The following tasks are aimed at achieving the goal: to perform the analysis of types and forms of state information systems, to structure the information contained in the state information systems, and to research the interoperability of data of state information systems. Based on the results of the study, a structural model of effective land management is presented in the work. In the article, there is an example of the open data using regarding the state monitoring of surface water, which is open to users, as of March 2023, was used to make management decisions. The availability of complete open data regarding land and other natural resources provides the possibility of informed decision-making while ensuring effective land management in general and individual land plots in particular. The results of the study illustrate the need for further strengthening data interoperability in different state information systems.
Development and Characterisation of Valsartan Immediate Release Dosage Form Using Solubility Enhancement Technique
Authors: Saripilli R. , Teella P. , Nataraj Kalakonda S.
Published: June 2024

Objective

The objective of the present investigation is to improve the solubility of valsartan and prepare immediate release tablets.

Materials and methods

To increase the solubility and bioavailability of valsartan, a low-soluble antihypertensive drug, immediate release dosage forms were formulated by a direct compression method using a solid dispersion technique with three different carriers (β-cyclodextrin, polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30 and poloxamer 188) at three different ratios (1:3, 1:4 and 1:5). Nine physical mixtures (PM1–PM9) were prepared and various physical parameters were characterised in in vitro release studies.

Results

Out of the prepared physical mixtures, PM8 showed the best results, with 94.2% of the drug dissolving within 30 min. Formulation PM8 solid dispersion further used for the preparation of valsartan immediate release tablets by using sodium starch glycolate superdisintegrant, at different concentrations (3%, 4% and 5%; i.e., IF1, IF2 and IF3 formulations, respectively). The optimised formulation showed friability and disintegration values of 0.456±0.9 and 6.2±0.4 min. Among the three immediate release formulations, IF2, which contains 4% sodium starch glycolate, demonstrated an 84.46% drug release in 30 min and a 99.69% drug release in 1 hr, indicating increased drug solubility. When compared with a valsartan pure drug, the solubility of the solid dispersion increased by 135.06-fold.

Discussion and conclusion

The results show that the optimised IF2 formulation demonstrated enhanced drug solubility by 135.06-fold, using a solid dispersion technique with poloxamer 188. This can be explained by the conversion of crystalline to an amorphous form of drug, leading to a reduction in the contact angle between the drug and the gastric medium. It can be concluded that poloxamer 188 is a suitable carrier and that use of a physical mixture technique is an applicable method to improve the solubility of valsartan.
Artificial intelligence in medical education: Typologies and ethical approaches
Authors: Pregowska Agnieszka , Perkins Mark
Published: June 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has an increasing role to play in medical education and has great potential to revolutionize health professional education systems overall. However, this is accompanied by substantial questions concerning technical and ethical risks which are of particular importance because the quality of medical education has a direct effect on physical and psychological health and wellbeing. This article establishes an overarching distinction of AI across two typological dimensions, functional and humanistic. As indispensable foundations, these are then related to medical practice overall, and forms of implementation with examples are described in both general and medical education. Increasingly, the conditions for successful medical education will depend on an understanding of AI and the ethical issues surrounding its implementation, as well as the formulation of appropriate guidelines by regulatory and other authorities. Within that discussion, the limits of both narrow or Routine AI (RAI) and artificial general intelligence or Decision AI (DAI) are examined particularly in view of the ethical need for Trustworthy AI (TAI) as part of the humanistic dimension. All stakeholders, from patients to medical practitioners, managers, and institutions, need to be able to trust AI, and loss of confidence could be catastrophic in some cases.
Ethical implications of epigenetic studies: On ghost damage
Authors: Cabezas Mar
Published: June 2024

Considering the recent epigenetic studies on the transgenerational transmission of trauma, this article aims to 1) explore its ethical implications for the concept and nature of moral damage, and 2) offer normative suggestions on collective responsibilities both synchronic and diachronic. To do so, I first address recent epigenetic studies’ showing the crystallization of emotional information through generations, and second, defend that a unified approach to the concept of ghost damage may be useful to categorize this phenomenon, facilitate future research on this type of moral damage, and recognize its importance in the identification of hermeneutical injustice. Finally, I suggest that granting a right to transgenerational information may help avoid the perpetuation of inherited damage that jeopardize mental and physical health in the offspring.
DIAGNÓSTICO A LA FORMACIÓN DE ADMINISTRADORES DE EMPRESAS DE LA ESCUELA NACIONAL DEL DEPORTE Y SU INCIDENCIA EN LA GENERACIÓN DE COMPETENCIAS BLANDAS AÑO 2023
Authors: Tenorio Luis Enrique David , Núñez Claudia Lorena Vásquez , Ospina Alexis Rojas
Published: June 2024

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo realizar un diagnóstico de la formación de administradores de empresas y su incidencia en la generación de competencias blandas de los estudiantes del programa, en la Institución Universitaria Escuela Nacional del Deporte para el año 2023, se utilizó una metodología de investigación teórico- empírica, cuyo enfoque es descriptivo teniendo presente el objetivo a alcanzar. Reflejando si realmente las actividades de formación en las cuales se involucra el estudiante aportan al desarrollo de las competencias blandas. Partiendo de la idea del constante cambio que se evidencia hoy por hoy en la captación del capital humano por parte de las organizaciones, convirtiendo a las anteriores en un punto fundamental y necesario para la evaluación del capital humano.  Como resultado se identificó al campo laboral como fuente generadora de las competencias blandas en la mayoría de los participantes de la investigación, siendo de suma importancia la incursión en el programa de actividades que generen las anteriores, partiendo desde la confrontación del campo académico con el sector económico, en ambientes simulados.
RANCANG BANGUN ALAT MONITORING ELEKTROKARDIOGRAM (ECG) PORTABEL BERBASIS ARDUINO
Authors: H Nissa , A.S Rachman , Sudi Mariyanto Al Sasongko
Published: June 2024

Electrocardiogram is a medical device to measure heart rhythm and electrical activity of the heart. Electrocardiogram is recommended for patients who have symptoms of chest pain, palpitations, heart rhythm disturbances (arrhythmias), shortness of breath, dizziness, weakness, and fatigue quickly to find out what diseases are lodged in the body need direct examination, especially checking heart rhythm. However, some hospitals or puskesmas located in remote areas do not have these tools because of various factors, especially the price of the tool is too expensive. This research is a research development tool for monitoring human heart rate using the AD8232 sensor which functions to read heart rate rhythm, by attaching a lead or receiver of heart electricity to a predetermined part of the body based on the theory of the Einthoven triangle. The results showed that the average error percentage was 1.99%. By using several sampling frequencies, namely, 250 Hz, 500 Hz, and 1000 Hz for 1000 sampling data ECG (Electrocardiogram) signals, results were obtained from cross-correlation testing with a level of data accuracy between the sender and receiver of data of 100 percent. Furthermore, the android application to store heart rate rhythm data and create heart rate rhythm username data
ABSTRAK
Elektrokardiogram merupakan alat medis untuk mengukur irama jantung dan aktivitas listrik jantung. Elektrokardiogram direkomendasikan kepada pasien yang memiliki gejala nyeri dada, jantung berdebar, gangguan irama jantung (aritmia), sesak nafas, pusing, badan lemas, dan cepat lelah untuk mengetahui penyakit apa saja yang bersarang didalam tubuh perlu adanya pemeriksaan secara langsung, terutama memeriksa irama jantung. Akan tetapi, sebagian rumah sakit atau puskesmas yang berada pada daerah terpencil tidak memiliki alat tersebut karena berbagai faktor terutama harga dari alat tersebut terlalu mahal. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan alat monitoring denyut jantung manusia menggunakan sensor AD8232 yang berfungsi untuk membaca irama detak jantung, dengan cara menempelkan lead atau alat penerima implus listrik jantung pada bagian tubuh yang telah ditentukan berdasarkan teori segitiga Einthoven. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase nilai rata-rata error sebesar 1,99%. Dengan menggunakan beberapa frekuensi sampling yaitu, 250 Hz, 500 Hz, dan 1000 Hz untuk 1000 data sampling sinyal ECG (Electrocardiogram), didapatkan hasil dari pengujian cross-correlation dengan tingkat keakurasian data antara pengirim dan penerima data sebesar 100 persen. Selanjutnya aplikasi android untuk menyimpan data irama detak jantung serta membuat data nama pengguna irama detak jantung.
RANCANG BANGUN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK UNTUK BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PADA PENERANGAN JALAN UMUM TENAGA SURYA
Authors: Rahmawati Diana , Sukri Hanifudin , Alfian Muhammad Afif , Setiawan Heri , Setiawibawa Rachmat
Published: June 2024

Batteries are an energy source that can be used as backup electrical energy in several electronic devices. Solar power generation (solar cells) and management of Public Street Lighting (PJUTS) require batteries as the main component so that the system can run well. Generally, the batteries used in solar cell systems and public street lighting use Lithium-Ion batteries because these batteries can last a long time and are more environmentally friendly. However, there are often problems that can occur with batteries used in Solar Power Generation (PLTS) systems, namely that they easily degrade, have a short life cycle and there are losses in the battery caused by internal resistance. This problem can be avoided with a Battery Management System (BMS) that is good at monitoring system performance effectively to avoid damage and failure in battery function. With advances in technology, a model for monitoring and storing current, voltage and battery temperature values was created that was integrated with an Android device via Internet of Things communication using a NodeMCU device, WCS1800 sensor, DSB1820 sensor and 4 12V Lithium-Ion batteries using the IoT application. on smartphones and Coulomb calculations. The state of charge and state of health values are obtained using 2 nodes with specifications per node having a light load of 4 with a size of 50 Watts
Abstrak
Baterai merupakan sumber energi yang dapat digunakan sebagai cadangan energi listrik pada beberapa perangkat elektronik. Pembangkit listrik tenaga surya (solar cell) dan pengelolaan  Penerangan Jalan Umum (PJUTS) membutuhkan baterai sebagai komponen utamanya agar sistem  dapat berjalan dengan baik. Umumnya baterai yang digunakan dalam sistem solar cell dan penerangan jalan umum menggunakan baterai Lithium-Ion karena baterai ini mampu bertahan lama dan lebih ramah lingkungan. Namun sering terjadi kendala yang dapat terjadi pada baterai  yang digunakan dalam sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) yaitu mudah mengalami degradasi, mendapati siklus hidup yang pendek dan terdapat rugi-rugi di dalam baterai yang disebabkan karena adanya hambatan internal. Kendala ini dapat dihindari dengan Battery Management System (BMS) yang bagus dalam monitoring kinerja sistem efektif untuk menghindari kerusakan dan kegagalan pada fungsi baterai. Dengan adanya kemajuan teknologi  dibuatlah sebuah model pemantauan dan menyimpan nilai arus, tegangan, dan temperatur baterai yang terintegrasi dengan perangkat android melalui komunikasi Internet Of Things dengan menggunakan perangkat NodeMCU, sensor WCS1800, sensor DSB1820 dan 4 buah baterai Lithium-Ion 12V dengan menggunakan aplikasi IoT di smartphone dan perhitungan Coulomb. Nilai state of charge dan state of health didapatkan dengan menggunakan 2 node dengan spesifikasi per node memiliki beban lampu sebanyak 4 buah dengan ukuran 50 Watt
The 14-3-3η Biomarker Platform for Diagnosis and Prognostic Monitoring of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Maksymowych W.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. There are several gaps in the clinical evaluation and management of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that could be addressed through the development of new biomarkers. These include diagnostic biomarkers for primary care physicians that facilitate early referral to a rheumatologist and modifiable biomarkers that guide prognostic assessment and inform rheumatologists on the need for more intensive treatment.
The aim of the study.To review the literature regarding the 14-3-3η biomarker platform for diagnosis and prognostic monitoring of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Materials and methods. Content analysis, the method of systematic and comparative analysis, the bibliosemantic method of studying the current scientific research on 14-3-3η biomarker platform for diagnosis and prognostic monitoring of patients with RA were used.
Results. The 14-3-3ηprotein is a new biomarker that is physiologically an intracellular chaperone but is detected extracellularly in joint fluid and peripheral blood specifically in patients with RA. Levels of this protein correlated with expression of metalloproteinases capable of degrading joint cartilage and with factors that enhance activation of osteoclasts. The mechanism of secretion into extracellular fluid may involve necrosis of synovial cells induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a).It enhances diagnostic accuracy of rheumatoid factor  and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies for detection of RA and is associated with more severe disease but correlates poorly with acute phase reactants such as C-reactive protein. Levels are reduced by several treatments, notably agents that target interleukin-6 and TNF-a. Prospective studies demonstrate that serial measures of 14-3-3η reflect prognostic risk for progression of joint damage on radiography, especially when used in combination with acute phase reactants. The extracellular appearance of 14-3-3η may induce antibodies to this protein which may themselves have diagnostic utility.
Conclusions. The14-3-3η protein is selectively found in the joints and peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. It has properties of an inflammatory mediator in culture experiments involving monocytic and innate immune cells and levels in rheumatoid arthritis patients correlate with those of metalloproteinases associated with cartilage degradation. Longitudinal studies and serial assessment of 14-3-3η demonstrate that higher levels increase the risk for future joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis. These data should be replicated in additional cohorts.
Urgent right hepatectomy for infected hepatic necrosis secondary to endoscopic cholangiography
Authors:   Hospital Central de las Fuerzas Armadas Montevideo, Uruguay, Vanerio Patricio , San Martín Gonzalo , Abelleira Martín , Ettlin Alejandro , Harguindeguy Martín
Published: June 2024

Subcapsular liver hematoma is a rare complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. It can be potentially fatal and may result in rupture, massive bleeding, compression of the portal vein with thrombosis, necrosis and serious infections that require aggressive management. We report the case of a patient with acute cholangitis who developed a subcapsular liver hematoma after undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, complicated with hepatic necrosis due to compression of the portal vein pedicle and infected hepatic necrosis requiring an emergency right hepatectomy.
Isolated splenic hydatid disease
Authors:   Hospital Cosme Argerich. Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Argentina, Varela José R. , Petracchi Enrique , Posada Héctor , Muthular Magalí , Azar Julián , Canullán Carlos
Published: June 2024

Hydatid disease is an endemic parasitosis in Argentina. The liver and lungs are the organs more commonly affected, but isolated splenic involvement is rare. The aim of this study is to report two cases of isolated splenic hydatid disease. The diagnosis was suspected by epidemiology and imaging tests. The serologic tests were negative in both cases. Surgical management was decided and both patients underwent laparoscopic total splenectomy. This disease should be suspected in endemic areas in the presence of splenic cysts despite negative serologic tests. Total splenectomy prevents local recurrence and complications associated with the residual cavity. The laparoscopic approach is preferred as it results in a shorter length of hospital stay and fewer abdominal wall complications.
Computed tomography scan after major abdominal surgery
Authors:   Instituto Médico Platense, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina., Cordo Giovino Sol C. , Garat Alvaro V. , du Plessis María C. , De Salvo Martín A. , Corbatta Giuliano A. , Frederick Mateo , Curutchet Tomás , Espeche Maritano Ignacio , Petracchi Enrique J. , Canullán Carlos M.
Published: June 2024

Background: Major abdominal surgeries may present serious postoperative complications that require early diagnosis. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of computed tomography (CT) for the early diagnosis of major abdominal surgery complications. Material and methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational and descriptive study using data obtained from the medical records of patients undergoing major abdominal surgery in a private hospital. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of symptoms suggesting a postoperative complication. Patients with symptoms were classified into 3 groups: without CT, with CT with positive findings and with CT without abnormal findings. Results: A total of 154 patients were analyzed; mean age was 61.3 ± 12.5 years and 83 (54%) were male. Of 48 patients (31%) with symptoms suggestive of complications, 6 had very evident symptoms and were re-operated without CT, 7 had positive findings on CT and CT was negative in 14/41. All the patients had findings that supported the decision to re-operate. There were 27 cases (17.5%) with grade 3b complications of the Clavien-Dindo classification and 3 patients (2%) died. Conclusion: Computed tomography was useful to confirm a complication, but not to rule it out. Clinical parameters remain of utmost importance in patients with symptoms and absence of abnormal findings in post-operative CT.
Initial experience in hepatectomies in Corrientes
Authors:   Hospital José Ramón Vidal. Corrientes. Argentina, Segovia José R. , Pozo M. Sol
Published: June 2024

Background: Liver surgery has evolved over time. There are no prior publications on the experience of liver surgery in the province of Corrientes. Our work group operates in both the public and private sectors. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the initial results of a consecutive series of patients undergoing different types of liver resections, performed by the same surgical team. Material and methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational, and descriptive study based on data from the medical records and operating room records of patients undergoing liver resection at public and private institutions from September 2019 to January 2023. Results: A total of 27 patients were operated on; mean age was 53 years (25-72) and 16 were women. We used the conventional approach in 25 cases and laparoscopy in 2. Four procedures were major liver resections and 23 were minor liver resections, The diagnoses were cancer in 22 cases and benign conditions in 5. Survival at 90 days was 96.2% One patient died (3.7%). The complications included postoperative liver abscesses in 2 patients (7.4%) and re-operation due to bleeding in 2 patients (7.4%), who had a subsequent favorable course and were discharged from the hospital. Conclusion: The morbidity and mortality in the described series were similar to those reported by other authors
Analytical observational studies
Authors:   Hospital Maria Curie. Buenos Aires. Argentina, Santa María Victoria
Published: June 2024

Analytical observational studies are epidemiologic research designs in which the investigator merely observes the natural course of events without active intervention in the research subject or strict control of the environment. They are often used when it is not feasible or ethical to intervene or manipulate study variables1,2. The term analytical refers specifically to those studies that analyze and compare two groups of subjects and, if well designed, can be used to make inferences about the general population. The research design that is chosen is closely related to the research question that needs to be answered and the objectives of the study. For instance, cross-sectional studies are used to evaluate the prevalence of a condition at a specific point in time, while cohort studies are utilized to analyze the impact of various exposures, including risk and protective factors, on an event of interest.
Mémoires du sens et (dé/re)figement
Authors:   Universitatea din București (Rumanía), Berbinski Sonia
Published: June 2024

Defining sentence meaning and utterance meaning is a difficult task for a number of reasons: the hesitant delimitation of the domain and level of analysis; the diversity of perspectives from which the problem has been approached (logical, philosophical, linguistic, scientific, etc.); the difficulty of giving semantics the status of a discipline; the immanent saturation, ignoring what is beyond the lexeme, namely how the lexeme works in discourse, etc. In this paper we propose a memorial perspective, based on pragma-semantics, showing that utterance meaning is the result of a construction based on linguistic and extralinguistic factors. Utterance meaning is constructed in discourse, it showcases sentence meaning pertaining to the semantic level and reactivates several types of memory: phonetic, phrastic (including morphosyntactic and semantic memory), discursive and encyclopedic.
L’acquisition des pronoms personnels par des apprenants de FLE hispanophones
Authors:   Universidad del País Vasco (España), Arévalo Benito María José , Ruiz de Zarobe Leyre ,   Universidad del País Vasco (España)
Published: June 2024

"The acquisition of personal pronouns in French as a foreign language (FFL) is one of the key points in the learning of French grammar. In order to study this aspect, we have compiled the written production of Spanish-speaking speakers of FFL. The results show that these speakers acquire the personal pronoun system at different at different stages in the learning process in the following order: firstly, they acquire the subject pronouns, secondly the tonic pronouns, then the atonic pronouns, and lastly the pronouns en/y, these results are in line with the studies carried out on the acquisition of personal pronouns in FLE. In this order of acquisition, linguistic competence is also significant."
Les barbari de l’Epitoma rei militaris de Végèce dans les traductions médiévales en langue d’oïl
Authors:   Universitat Rovira i Virgili (España), Cruz Vergari Elena de la
Published: June 2024

During the Middle Ages, Vegetius’ Epitoma rei militaris was one of the most renowned war treatises. Five translations into langue d’oïl enable us to retrace the period of vulgarisation processes. In particular, the translation of the Latin barbarus, which designated the most distant otherness, delivers very diverse results. By analysing the results of barbar-, we propose to draw up a typology of translations to unravel the political project in which they came into being.
Transition Experiences from Student to Business Owner: A Narrative Analysis among Nascent Entrepreneurs
Authors: Soda Ruth , Chinyamurindi Willie Tafadzwa
Published: June 2024

Purpose: Given the high unemployment rate in countries like South Africa, a need exists to understand the experiences gained during the transition from student to business owner. Such an inquiry aids the further development of a new generation of entrepreneurs. The study’s objective was to explore the factors and challenges of transition by nascent entrepreneurs using individuals who had been students as a sample in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.

Design/methodology/approach: Data was collected through interviews with 22 participants who had made the journey from students to first-time business owners, utilising narrative analysis. The three levels of meaning-making were used to analyse the data.

Findings: The findings of this study position three salient narratives. First, the motivation to become an entrepreneur is largely influenced by the experience of coming from a context of hardship. Second, the challenge of transitioning from student to entrepreneur is influenced by resourcing and capability challenges. Third, in experiencing the motivator and ensuing challenges, the nascent entrepreneurs relied on more informal networks of support than formal channels.

Practical implications – Based on the research findings, the researchers have recommendations that can assist universities and students, those who are already in the entrepreneurial space, and the government.

Originality/value – This study is a pioneer in exploring the transition experiences from student to nascent entrepreneurship within the South African context, illustrating this through narrative analysis.
O transtorno por uso de substâncias entre profissionais da saúde: intervenção e prevenção
Authors: Faria Júlia Maria de Melo , Tokarski Lucca Caminha , Cecim Alessandra Rodrigues , Rodrigues Cecília Felipe , Rabello Júlia Cruvinel , Costa Juliana Martins Pessoa , Aquino Julianna Henriques de , Camargo Theo Rezende , Silva Paula Teixeira , Almeida Vinícius Pinheiro Nogueira de
Published: June 2024

Objetivo: Analisar os fatores relacionados ao abuso de substância entre os profissionais da saúde: fatores de risco, prevenção e intervenção. Revisão Bibliográfica: O transtorno por uso de substâncias (TUS) pode ser classificado como abuso contínuo e recorrente, que acarreta em prejuízos clínicos e sociais para o indivíduo. Entre os profissionais da saúde, as principais substâncias associadas a esse transtorno são os opióides, a maconha e os fármacos para indução do sono. O fator de risco mais frequente para o TUS é a exposição do indivíduo ao uso de drogas recorrentemente. Além disso, as altas cargas de trabalho, estresse e ansiedade são fatores de risco preocupantes. Ainda, o transtorno causa grande impacto entre os profissionais da saúde a nível pessoal e profissional, assim, é incontestável a importância de políticas para sua prevenção. Contudo, atualmente há divergências e obstáculos relacionados a como seria essa prevenção, tal como, por meio da triagem aleatória nos hospitais. Considerações finais: Dessa maneira, a prevenção e o tratamento se fazem necessários para atenuar o número de pessoas envolvidas, assim como os impactos gerados por esse transtorno na vida dos profissionais da saúde e de seus pacientes.
Assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practice of hospital-based pharmacists in reporting adverse drug reactions in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Ayeni Foluke Adenike , Olugbake Olubusola Agbeke , Ambeke Yewande Patricia
Published: June 2024

Objectives:

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality associated with medication use in patients. Prompt reporting of all ADRs is the best way to address this issue. The objectives of this study are to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of hospital pharmacists toward ADR reporting in selected public and private hospitals in two local government areas (LGAs) of Lagos State.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among hospital pharmacists in Ikeja and Surulere LGAs using pretested and validated, self-administered questionnaires. Associations between demographic variables and KAP levels were evaluated using descriptive analysis and a Chi-squared test. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results:

A total of 100 questionnaires were received and analyzed; with 40% males and 60% females, majority of who were under 30 years. Pharmacists in public hospitals demonstrated a higher knowledge and attitude scores to ADR reporting at 90% and 81.7% respectively, while higher practice scores were seen in private hospitals at 37.5%. Overall, good knowledge and attitude scores of 89% and 82%, respectively, were reported, but poor practice scores of 23% were obtained across both hospital sectors. There was a degree of association between higher education levels and a positive attitude to ADR reporting at 3.37 (95% confidence interval: 0.99–11.49, P = 0.049).

Conclusion:

Hospital pharmacists in Lagos State have a high level of knowledge and positive attitude to ADR reporting but there is low practice, especially in the public sector.
Synergistic Clinical Application of Synthetic Electrospun Fiber Wound Matrix in the Management of a Complex Traumatic Wound: Degloving Left Groin and Thigh Auger Injury
Authors: Fernandez Luis , Orsi Carolina , Okeoke Brandon , Moudy Paige , Critelli Paul , Norwood Scott , Matthews Marc , Kim Paul , MacEwan Matthew , Sallade Emily
Published: June 2024

Background. Managing complex traumatic soft tissue wounds involving a large surface area while attempting to optimize healing, avoid infection, and promote favorable cosmetic outcomes is challenging. Regenerative materials such as ECMs are typically used in wound care to enhance the wound healing response and proliferative phase of tissue formation. Case Report. The case reported herein is an example of the efficacious use of an SEFM in the surgical management of a large complex traumatic wound involving the left lower extremity and lower abdominal region. The wound bed was successfully prepared for skin grafting over an area of 1200 cm2, making this among the largest applications of the SEFM reported in the literature. Conclusion. This case report demonstrates the clinical versatility of the SEFM and a synergistic approach to complex traumatic wound care. The SEFM was successfully used to achieve tissue granulation for a successful skin graft across a large surface in an anatomic region with complex topography.
Analysis of the dynamics of lens thickness against the background of intravitreal administration of aflibercept and dexamethasone depot
Authors:   Krasnov research institute of eye diseases, Rossolimo st., 11, A, B, Moscow, 119021, Russian Federation, Alkharki L. , Budzinskaya M.V. ,   Krasnov research institute of eye diseases, Rossolimo st., 11, A, B, Moscow, 119021, Russian Federation, Matyuschenko A.G. ,   Krasnov research institute of eye diseases, Rossolimo st., 11, A, B, Moscow, 119021, Russian Federation, Yamen Muhi-Alddin A.M. ,   Krasnov research institute of eye diseases, Rossolimo st., 11, A, B, Moscow, 119021, Russian Federation, Pavlov V.G. ,   Krasnov research institute of eye diseases, Rossolimo st., 11, A, B, Moscow, 119021, Russian Federation
Published: June 2024

Antiangiogenic therapy is the main method of choice in the treatment of a number of retinal diseases. IVI injections with an anti-VEGF drug, as well as IVV implants of dexamethasone ozurdex, were widely used. Considering that currently the effect of these drugs on cataractogenesis is poorly understood, work in this direction is strategically important for understanding the morphological features of the development of cataracts of a post-injection etiological nature. Objective. To study the dynamics of lens thickness against the background of intravitreal administration of aflibercept and dexamethasone depot. Material and methods. 220 eyes were included in the study. Depending on the drug used, the first group included 100 eyes that received IVI of aflibercept, the second group included 20 eyes that received an intravitreally injected deхamethasone ozurdex implant, the control (third) group consisted of 100 eyes. Results. The dynamics of changes in lens thickness was recorded in the groups of patients who received Ozurdex between 3 and 6 months (0.012), which reflects a slow increase in lens thickness in this group. Conclusion. In patients who received aflibercept, there was no statistically significant difference in lens thickness after 3 and 6 months. In the dexamethasone depot group, a statistically significant increase in lens thickness was noted at 3 and 6 months compared with the control group and the aflibercept group. Keywords: intravitreal administration of aflibercept, antiangiogenic therapy, lens thickness
Association of Chronic Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy Lesions with Hypertension
Authors:   S.M. Kirov Military medical academy, Botkinskaya str., 21/1, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Kalinicheva Y.A. , Burnasheva M.A. ,   S.M. Kirov Military medical academy, Botkinskaya str., 21/1, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Vasilev A.S. ,   S.M. Kirov Military medical academy, Botkinskaya str., 21/1, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Published: June 2024

Purpose. To study changes in retinal microcirculation and the prevalence of chronic paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) lesions in patients with mild hypertension. Participants. Twenty-seven patients (21 males and 6 females 50.3 ± 6.3 years) with mild hypertension without cardiovascular risk and 24 healthy subjects (15 males and 9 females, 46.3 ± 13.0 years) were included. Methods. The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, vessel density of superficial and deep capillary plexus were assessed using optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography. The presence of chronic PAMM lesions was evaluated by the revision of cross-sectional OCT images of 6-mm volume scans. A chronic or resolved PAMM lesion was defined as inner nuclear layer thinning with outer plexiform layer disruption. Results. There was no difference between hypertensive and healthy group in baseline characteristics, vessel density of superficial capillary plexus, vessel density of deep capillary plexus and FAZ area. Chronic PAMM lesions were found in 88.9 % hypertensive patients and in 16.7 % healthy individuals. The odds ratio for the presence of chronic PAMM lesions in mild hypertension was 40.0 (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Chronic PAMM lesions are highly prevalent in hypertensive patients and may represent the earliest changes in retinal microcirculation in mild hypertension, before changes in OCT angiography parameters have become apparent. Keywords: paracentral acute middle maculopathy, hypertension, optical coherence tomography
Dynamics of anatomical and functional parameters after large macular hole surgery
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science “M.M. Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases”, Moscow, Russian Federation, Yusef Y. , Petrachkov D.V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science “M.M. Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases”, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shabalina K.N. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science “M.M. Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases”, Moscow, Russian Federation, Filippov V.M. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science “M.M. Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases”, Moscow, Russian Federation, Sidamonidze A.L. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science “M.M. Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases”, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: June 2024

Full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) is the macular zone pathology, leading to a significant decrease in visual acuity. According to the literature, classical surgery of FTMH allows to achieve anatomical closure only in 73.3 % of cases. The task of developing a method of surgical treatment of FTMH with the possibility of evaluating its closure intraoperatively is relevant and of strategically important interest for the development of ophthalmic surgery. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the dynamics of functional and anatomical results of large diameter FTMH surgery. Material and methods. A randomized study was conducted on two comparable groups of patients. Surgical treatment of FTMH was performed in both groups, the difference was in the FTMH closure method: in the first group, treatment was carried out according to the proposed method, in the second group, autologous conditioned plasma was used during the surgery. Patients underwent a standard ophthalmological examination, as well as optical coherence tomography of the retina before surgery, 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery. Results and discussion. In the control group, 4 cases of FTMH recurrence were recorded in the postoperative period up to 1 month after surgery. U-shaped closure pattern (Fig. 1) was more often observed in the first group, while in the second group V-shaped closure pattern was more often observed (Fig. 2). Visual acuity 6 months after surgery was higher on average in patients in the first group (p = 0,05). Conclusions. The results obtained indicate a decrease in the risk of recurrence of FTMH, as well as higher visual acuity and close-to-normal retinal histological state in the postoperative period for a period of 6 months when closing the FTMH according to the proposed method. The use of the FTMH closure method under the intraoperative optical coherence tomography control makes it possible to minimize the time of the patient's forced position in the postoperative period, which facilitates its course. Keywords: vitreoretinal surgery, macular hole, optical coherence tomography, autologous conditioned plasma
Analysis of changes in the morphology of retinal inner layers after surgical treatment of rhegmatogenous detachment complicated by macular hole
Authors:   N.I. Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Vaganova E.E. , Fayzrakhmanov R.R. ,   N.I. Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Larina E.A. ,   N.I. Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Pavlovskiy O.A. ,   N.I. Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow
Published: June 2024

Macular hole in combination with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, this disease can lead to an irreversible decrease in visual function and requires immediate surgical treatment. The purpose of the study is to analyze the dynamics of changes in the anatomy of the inner layers of the retina according to optical coherence tomography (OCT) data after surgical treatment of patients diagnosed with OSMR stage C proliferative vitreoretinopathy, depending on membrane peeling. Material and methods. We studied the data of 40 patients (40 eyes) diagnosed with retinal detachment with macular hole stage C proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Patients of group 1 (20 patients, 20 eyes) underwent surgical treatment with closure of the macular hole with an inverted flap of the internal limiting membrane. Patients of group 2 (20 patients, 20 eyes) did not undergo macular hole closure during the first stage of surgical treatment. Results. When comparing the retinal tissue volume indicator between groups, there is a decrease in the indicator in patients who underwent ILM peeling in the parafoveal zone — by 1.22 times, the indicator was 0.645 ± 0.041 mm3 (p = 0.048 in comparison with data from patients of the 1st group). In the temporal quadrant, the difference in indicators persisted until one year after surgery. Conclusion. Refusal to perform membrane peeling on a detached retina during the first stage of surgical intervention allows one to avoid aggressive mechanical trauma to the retinal tissue due to its mobility. The mechanical impact exerted damages the retinal tissue, local defects of which can persist for up to a year after surgery. Keywords: retinal detouchment, macular hole, membranepiling, silicone oil tamponade
Specific features of the eyeball compression trauma course: a clinical case
Authors:   Volgograd state medical university, Gndoyan I.A. ,   Volgograd regional clinical hospital  1, Kolchina N.V. ,   Volgograd regional clinical hospital  1
Published: June 2024

The course of an unusual eyeball closed trauma is presented. The traumatic damage was caused by prolonged forced severe compression. Keywords: eyeball closed trauma, compression trauma, intraretinal hemorrhage, subretinal hemorrhage, choroidal rupture, optical coherence tomography
Intraoperative peripheral endolaser retinal photocoagulation in neovascular glaucoma preventio
Authors:   Krasnov research institute of eye diseases, Moscow, Petrachkov D.V. , Yusef Y. ,   Krasnov research institute of eye diseases, Moscow, Filippov V.M. ,   Krasnov research institute of eye diseases, Moscow
Published: June 2024

Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is a severe long-term complication of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), including that developing in patients after vitreoretinal surgical treatment. Methods of influence aimed at breaking the cascade of biochemical processes leading to neovascularization, thereby preventing the development of NVG, are pathogenetically justified. The use of retinal laser photocoagulation (RLP) of ischemic zones and intravitreal angiogenesis inhibitors (AI) are effective. The problem of choosing a method and developing a strategy for preventing NVG is relevant. Purpose. To comparatively evaluate the effectiveness of peripheral intraoperative endolaser RLP in the prevention of NVG. Material and methods. The study included 182 patients (182 eyes) who received vitreoretinal surgical treatment for PDR complications. At baseline, all patients did not have NVG or other forms of glaucoma. Patients were divided into comparable groups depending on the type of intraoperative intervention. All patients underwent standard three-port 25 Ga vitrectomy with membrane peeling. Patients in 2nd group underwent panretinal endolaser RLP in the area from the arcades to retianl equator. Patients in 3rd group underwent peripheral endolaser RLP in the area from the retinal equator to ora serrata in combination with intravitreal injection of AI. In 1st group, endolaser RLP and AI were not used. Results. At a follow-up period of 1 month after treatment, no statistically significant differences in the incidence of rubeosis iridis were observed, and there were no cases of NVG development. At a follow-up period of 12 months after treatment in 3rd group, the development of rubeosis iridis was noted in one case and the absence of cases of NVG. In 2nd group, rubeosis iridis was detected in five patients, and NVG was detected in four patients. In 1st group, rubeosis iridis was detected in seven patients, and NVG was detected in ten patients, which is statistically significantly higher than in the other groups of the study. Conclusion. It has been established that the use of peripheral endolaser RLP in combination with intravitreal injection of AI is the most effective method for the prevention of postoperative neovascular complications in the anterior segment of the eye. Further study of the method on a representative sample of patients and in a longer postoperative period is promising. Keywords: vitreoretinal surgery, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, retinal laser photocoagulation, neovascular glaucoma, neoangiogenesis