bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dual-view oblique plane microscopy (dOPM)
Authors: Sparks Hugh , Dent Lucas , Bakal Chris , Behrens Axel , Salbreux Guillaume , Dunsby Chris
Published: October 2020

We present a new folded dual-view oblique plane microscopy (OPM)
technique termed dOPM that enables two orthogonal views of the sample
to be obtained by translating a pair of tilted mirrors in refocussing
space. Using a water immersion 40× 1.15 NA primary objective,
deconvolved image volumes of 200 nm beads were measured to have full
width at half maxima (FWHM) of 0.35 ± 0.04
µm and 0.39 ± 0.02 µm laterally and
0.81 ± 0.07 µm axially. The measured
z-sectioning value was 1.33 ± 0.45 µm
using light-sheet FWHM in the frames of the two views of
4.99 ± 0.58 µm and
4.89 ± 0.63 µm. To qualitatively
demonstrate that the system can reduce shadow artefacts while
providing a more isotropic resolution, a multi-cellular spheroid
approximately 100 µm in diameter was imaged.
Polarization independent enhancement of zeroth order diffracted second harmonic from multilayer gallium selenide on a silicon resonant metasurface
Authors: Deka Jayanta , Dandu Medha , Krishna A. S. Lal , Menon Sruti , Jyothsna K. M. , Biswas Rabindra , Majumdar Kausik , Raghunathan Varun
Published: October 2020

We demonstrate polarization-independent resonant-enhancement of second harmonic generation (SHG) from multilayer Gallium Selenide (GaSe) on a silicon-based resonant metasurface. Two-dimensional hexagonal photonic lattice with circularly symmetric silicon meta-atoms are designed to achieve resonant field enhancement at the fundamental wavelength independent of the incident polarization direction. Such structures are however found to exhibit strong resonant field depolarization effects at the fundamental excitation fields resulting in modified nonlinear polarization components when compared to the native GaSe layer. Furthermore, the sub-wavelength metasurface designed to have resonances at the fundamental wavelengths act as a higher order diffraction grating at the second harmonic wavelength. Nonlinear wave propagation simulations show that the higher order diffracted SHG exhibit strong polarization dependent enhancement with characteristics very different from the native GaSe layer. In this context, polarization independent enhancement of the second harmonic signal is achieved only for the zeroth order diffracted component. Experimental study of second harmonic generation from the GaSe layer integrated with the silicon metasurface shows maximum nonlinear signal enhancement on-resonance with polarization dependence identical to the native GaSe layer by selectively detecting the zeroth-order diffracted component. This work shows that it is not sufficient to use symmetric meta-atoms in such 2D material integrated resonant metasurfaces for achieving polarization independent nonlinear optical enhancement. Depolarization of the resonant fields and higher-order diffraction at the nonlinear signal wavelength need to be considered as well.
Versatile objectives with NA = 0.55 and NA = 0.78 for cold-atom experiments
Authors: Li Shaokang , Li Gang , Yang Pengfei , Wang Zhihui , Zhang Pengfei , Zhang Tiancai
Published: October 2020

We present two sets of versatile high-numerical-apeture objectives suitable for various cold-atom experiments. The objectives are assembled entirely by the commercial on-shelf singlets. The two objectives are initially optimized at working wavelength of 852 nm with a standard 5-mm silica optical flat window. They have numerical apertures of NA=0.55 and NA=0.78, working distances of 23 and 12.8 mm, diffraction-limited fields of view of 98 and 15 μm, and spatial resolutions of 0.94 and 0.67 μm, respectively. These performances are simulated by the ray-tracing software and experimentally confirmed by imaging line patterns and a point-like emitter on a resolution chart. The two objectives can be further reoptimized at any single wavelengths from ultraviolet to near infrared and for various optical flat window with different thickness by only tuning one of lens spacing. The two objectives provide convenient and flexible options to observe and address individual atoms in single atom arrays or optical lattices for various cold-atom experiments.
High-sensitivity optical fiber temperature sensor based on a dual-loop optoelectronic oscillator with the Vernier effect
Authors: Cheng Yunjie , Wang Yiping , Song Zixuan , Lei Jing
Published: October 2020

In this paper, a high-sensitivity optical fiber temperature sensor based on a dual-loop optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) with the Vernier effect has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Different from the traditional dual-loop OEOs which comprise a very long loop and a short loop to achieve low-phase noise and single-mode selection, the proposed OEO scheme has two loops with slightly different lengths and does not use any RF filters. A part of the fiber in one of the loops is used as a temperature sensing element as well as the delaying component. An obvious Vernier effect has been generated in the frequency response of the OEO. By detecting the frequency shift of the envelope peak of the measured frequency response curve, the temperature sensing interrogation of the dual-loop OEO based sensor is conducted. The experimental results show that the sensitivity of the proposed dual-loop OEO based temperature sensor can be improved from 6.625 KHz/°C for a single-loop OEO to 210.25KHz/°C by employing the Vernier effect.
Pump-probe ultrashort pulse modulation in an AZO/ZnO metamaterial at the epsilon near zero spectral point
Authors: Kelly Priscilla , Kuznetsova Lyuba
Published: October 2020

Ultrashort pulse propagation at the epsilon-near-zero spectral point is numerically investigated using the finite difference time-domain technique for the pump-probe experiment. Free carriers’ population dynamics in the conduction band for large intensities of the pump pulse and the transient response for rapidly varying pulses in two-level media are calculated. The auxiliary differential equation finite-difference time domain method was used to numerically investigate ultrashort probe pulse propagation in 300 nm of the AZO/ZnO metamaterial. Results show a dramatic change in shape for the probe pulse modulated using pump pulses of various duration (100-500 fs) and amplitude (106−1010 V/m).
Civiles como actores de violencia en la lógica del federalismo mexicano
Authors: Krusche Jakob
Published: October 2020

A través del ejemplo del estado de Michoacán, el presente artículo busca rastrear el papel transversal de actores civiles de violencia en el contexto del sistema federal mexicano. Mediante el análisis de ejemplos entre los siglos XIX y XXI, se aspira ubicar los recientes grupos de civiles armados, en específico las policías comunitarias y grupos de autodefensa surgidos entre 2008 y 2014, en la lógica del federalismo mexicano.
Análisis de los factores subyacentes constructores de vulnerabilidades ante riesgo de desastres en el Estado de México
Authors: Baró Suárez José Emilio , Arriaga Rivera Armando , Díaz Delgado Carlos
Published: October 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un análisis de los factores subyacentes constructores de vulnerabilidades ante riesgo de desastres en el Estado de México, enfocado principalmente en las inundaciones, por ser el riesgo extensivo con mayores impactos y daños al ambiente y a la sociedad. Estos factores subyacentes que se mencionan durante el trabajo también son válidos para los riesgos geológicos. El trabajo considera los pocos estudios realizados sobre atlas de riesgo y de ordenamiento ecológico en los municipios del Estado de México, porque no está cubierto todo el estado.
América Latina, inserção subordinada e focos migratórios
Authors: Rodrigues Manoel Gonçalves , Pereira da Costa Fernando José
Published: October 2020

Após a década perdida (anos 80), o ajuste neoliberal do Consenso de Washington (anos 90) e a ilusão vivida com a alta dos preços das commodities no mercado internacional, que no Brasil implicaria no desaire do social-desenvolvimentismo, os países da América Latina assistem ao acentuar dos problemas afetos às questões migratórias. Desse modo, os movimentos migratórios relacionados com os países latino-americanos incluem a emigração de seus nacionais para os países orgânico-centrais, as inter-migrações a nível da região e a ocorrência de fluxos migratórios oriundos de outros continentes (em especial da Ásia e da África). Assim sendo, ao contrário do que ocorrera no período subtendido do século XIX aos anos 60 do transato século, a América Latina não se posiciona unicamente como centro de imigração predominantemente europeia (com destaque para Argentina, Uruguai, Chile e Brasil) e passa a viver com toda esses aspectos a caracterizar os novos fluxos migratórios. A essa nova realidade não é alheia a situação de degenerescência vivida por boa parte da Periferia/Semiperiferia, com exceção dos países do Leste Asiático e da China, enquanto fruto da globalização e do neoliberalismo, elementos caracterizadores do atual estágio da economia-mundo.
Los desplazamientos humanos y la identidad cultural
Authors: Martin Rodríguez Corner Dolores
Published: October 2020

Los desplazamientos humanos ocurren desde tiempos remotos por cuestiones sociales, económicas o políticas que son las que impulsaron las salidas. Sin embargo, las migraciones en el mundo fueron intensificadas en el siglo XX. Estos traslados a nuevos y desconocidos contextos producen contrastes culturales. Además, la alteridad promueve la interacción de culturas en los hábitos cotidianos, provocando que el emigrante termine por convertirse en una persona híbrida. Al cruzar frontera el individuo empieza un proceso que objetiva su permanencia, pues su retorno no siempre le sería posible. En este momento las asociaciones regionales ejercen un papel imprescindible para esclarecer las raíces e identidades del inmigrante. Las manifestaciones culturales presentadas en sus fiestas, como la danza, la música y la gastronomía, presentes en la memoria, evocan el país de origen.
La herencia cultural europea en las obras de Ricardo Piglia
Authors: Cselik Ágnes
Published: October 2020

Resumen: Ricardo Piglia, autor argentino de indudable importancia es un gran pensador sobre la cultura en el sentido más amplio de la palabra. En sus obras los personajes piensan, conversan y reflexionan sobre la cultura y la historia argentina y europea, y algunas veces llegan a filosofar sobre la cultura estadounidense también.

A Ricardo Piglia le llaman la atención en especial los intelectuales atados a una doble pertenencia, ligados a dos idiomas y a dos tradiciones. Esta dualidad lingüística y de tradiciones conlleva un estado de transición entre una tradición y otra, entre una lengua y otra y sobre todo, entre una manera de pensar y expresarse y otra.

Las conversaciones sobre temas intelectuales obtienen la importancia de ser cuestiones de vida y de muerte,  tienen el valor de ser actos con consecuencias inmediatas en la vida de los personajes quienes a la vez con frecuencia son materializaciones literarias de intelectuales y/o personajes históricos reales. El pensar y el conversar son actos rebeldes y heroicos que equivalen a enfrentarse a los desafíos y las quimeras más profundas de la humanidad.

De esta manera se entreteje la ficción creada por el autor sobre los personajes con la ficción nacida de las conversaciones, las meditaciones, las lecturas, los sueños y las pesadillas de todos ellos y se forma un material literario elástico en el tiempo, en el espacio y en las ficciones yuxtapuestas de las tradiciones y de las herencias culturales.
Latina Humor in the Works of Sandra Cisneros
Authors: Tóth Zsófia Anna
Published: October 2020

Abstract: The paper discusses three works written by Sandra Cisneros, namely Woman Hollering Creek, The House on Mango Street and Caramelo, from the point of view of women’s humor. With the help of these works, it is argued that Cisneros uses Latina humor in order to highlight intersectional problems concerning her identity and to reveal important facts and features about/of Latino/a existence. The point is made that Cisneros uses comedy and humor to redeem the pain and suffering through laughter instead of utilizing the tragic mode of artistic expression, hence she is able to secure survival and solutions to problems instead of a tragic wallowing in negativity (which interpretive way could also have validity concerning the occurrences which are narrated).     

Keywords: Latina humor, Sandra Cisneros, Woman Hollering Creek, The House on Mango Street, Caramelo
Principios de no discriminación y ética del bien-común
Authors: Montes Montoya Angélica , Lago de Vergara Diana Elvira
Published: October 2020

El presente articulo (con un enfoque disciplinario desde la filosofía y la teoría pedagógica) parte de la problemática ¿Cuáles son los aportes y los límites de las políticas publica de "lucha contra" la discriminación y/o de la "prevención" de la discriminación, en la construcción de sociedades más inclusivas? ¿Son suficientes las políticas de reconocimiento de minorías para construir y/o consolidar sociedades incluyentes? Para responder a estas preguntas iniciales se hace necesario, por un lado, explicar los contornos de las categorías discriminación y no-discriminación y, en segundo lugar, examinar la creencia en el hecho de que la educación en la conciencia de la discriminación y la aceptación de la diversidad, conducen necesariamente a prácticas de no discriminación.

Luego mostraremos, no ya desde un acercamiento político o pedagógico, sino desde lo ético (ética del bien común) en qué medida la no-discriminación debe ser observado y comprendido como un acto de acción cívica que redunda en beneficio del conjunto de la sociedad y no únicamente como un acto de reconocimiento de una minoría. La Ética del bien-común ganar en la construcción de prácticas de inclusión y sororidad de las diversidades. Pensar la no-discriminación desde un enfoque ético contribuye a la consolidación de los procesos pedagógicos de tratamiento de la diversidad, en marcha desde las políticas públicas de algunos Estados como el colombiano.
Modelling of Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Proteins,
Carbohydrates and Lipids Using Scenedesmus microalgae thermal Data
Authors: NYONI BOTHWELL , TSIPA PHUTI , DUMA SIFUNDO , SHABANGU SHAKA , HLANGOTHI SHANGANYANE
Published: October 2020

In present work, the thermal decomposition behaviour and kinetics of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids is studied by use of models
derived from mass-loss data obtained from thermogravimetric analysis of Scenedesmus microalgae. The experimental results together
with known decomposition temperature range values obtained from various literature were used in a deconvolution technique to model
the thermal decomposition of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. The models fitted well (R2 > 0.99) and revealed that the proteins have the
highest reactivity followed by lipids and carbohydrates. Generally, the decomposition kinetics fitted well with the Coats-Redfern first and
second order kinetics as evidenced by the high coefficients of determination (R2 > 0.9). For the experimental conditions used in this work
(i.e. high heating rates), the thermal decomposition of protein follows second order kinetics with an activation energy in the range of
225.3-255.6 kJ/mol. The thermal decomposition of carbohydrate also follows second order kinetics with an activation energy in the range
of 87.2-101.1 kJ/mol. The thermal decomposition of lipid follows first order kinetics with an activation energy in the range of 45-64.8 kJ/
mol. This work shows that the thermal decomposition kinetics of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids can be performed without the need of
experimentally isolating the individual components from the bulk material. Furthermore, it was shown that at high heating rates, the
decomposition temperatures of the individual components overlap resulting in some interactions that have a synergistic effect on the
thermal reactivity of carbohydrates and lipids.
What is important in history teaching? Student class teachers’ conceptions
Authors: Tallavaara Riitta , Rautiainen Matti
Published: October 2020

In Finland, history is taught in comprehensive schools at both primary and secondary levels. In primary schools, teachers are qualified class teachers who study one or two history courses during their teacher education. The amount of history taught in teacher education is limited, but student class teachers have studied history while at comprehensive school and general upper secondary school, and they have lived experience of historical cultures as members of different groups and communities. Thus, they have conceptions of what history teaching in school is, and what it should be. In this article, student class teachers’ conceptions of teaching history were examined using data (n=92) consisting of students’ writings at the beginning of their history studies. A phenomenographic approach was used to identify and characterize different conceptions. The results showed that student class teachers considered understanding of the present to be the most important objective in school history. Based on their own school experiences, they highlighted the significance of the big picture instead of learning scattered facts and details. Students also stressed the importance of the motivation to study history. Their conceptions are similar to the curriculum objectives for history teaching in primary school.
Sambaquis do litoral de Guarapari-ES: química, física e malacofauna
Authors: Bhering Cardoso Rafael Said , Lopes de Faria André Luiz , Rocha Pablo de Azevedo , Cardoso Teixeira Rafael , Da Costa Liovando Marciano , Faria de Assis Angelo Adriano
Published: October 2020

Sambaquis são sítios arqueológicos presentes principalmente próximos a costa e a sistemas flúvio-lacustres. São encontrados na maior parte do litoral brasileiro. Coletas e análises de amostras de solos e de espécies de malacofauna fornecem informações importantes sobre a ocupação humana em determinado local. Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar, através da análise de elementos químicos presentes em amostras de solos, a ocorrência de ocupação humana em três sambaquis localizados no município de Guarapari, Espírito Santo, Brasil. Foram delimitados três perfis, um para cada sambaqui, denominados Una I, Una II e Concha D’Ostra. As amostras de solos foram secas, destorroadas e peneiradas. A seguir foram enviadas para análises em laboratório. Foram encontradas quantidades significativas de elementos químicos tais como fósforo, potássio, sódio, cálcio, magnésio, manganês, zinco, cobre e também de matéria orgânica. Foi verificada ainda significativa variação nos níveis de pH, na capacidade de troca de cátions, na soma de bases e saturação de bases. Os restos de espécies de malacofauna, utilizadas como fonte de alimentação pelos sambaquieiros, bem como as análises químicas das amostras de solos realizadas permitem concluir que houve ocupação humana nos três sambaquis. Altos teores de fósforo e potássio encontrados bem como o porte do sambaqui Concha D’Ostra sugerem que ali houve ocupação humana por período de tempo maior quando comparado com os sambaquis Una I e Una II.
Knowledge-Based Risk Management Model: Application in Energy Infrastructure Projects
Authors: Cavaco Ednilson , Muniz Junior Jorge
Published: October 2020

Goal: This paper adapted the Knowledge Risk Management model to a Brazilian project-based organization (Alpha Company), which projects and produces hydropower stations.

Design / Methodology / Approach: The Alpha Company study is supported by an exploratory fieldwork, which link theoretical and empirical perspectives based on qualitative data analysis from Alpha company expert interviews about risk and knowledge. Alpha Company is a Brazilian manufacturer of equipment for hydropower stations. The experts interviewed represent a broad spectrum of experience in complex projects that assess 24 projects. 

Results: The application of Knowledge-based Risk Management model and may support project-oriented organizations to mitigate issues related to project management. 

Limitations of the investigation: The paper is limited to the judgment of specialists involved in the project of hydroelectric plants and indicates as future studies new applications to other sectors and products.

Practical implications: Alpha Company study provides a practical guidelines to support possible strategic change to issue previously planned through the project tasks, and support managers to plan how to mitigate risks related to project issues.

Originality / Value:  This paper proposes an assessment guidelines based on technical knowledge issues to mitigate risks to achieve project. The paper answers to research opportunities raised on Knowledge and risk management literature, such as a) evaluate project risk analysis in different production contexts; b) apply knowledge-based techniques to support risk evaluation; c) model risk identification, d) update the Massingham’ KMR model to project-based organizations.
Benchmarking learned indexes
Authors: Marcus Ryan , Kipf Andreas , van Renen Alexander , Stoian Mihail , Misra Sanchit , Kemper Alfons , Neumann Thomas , Kraska Tim
Published: October 2020

Recent advancements in learned index structures propose replacing existing index structures, like B-Trees, with approximate learned models. In this work, we present a unified benchmark that compares well-tuned implementations of three learned index structures against several state-of-the-art "traditional" baselines. Using four real-world datasets, we demonstrate that learned index structures can indeed outperform non-learned indexes in read-only in-memory workloads over a dense array. We investigate the impact of caching, pipelining, dataset size, and key size. We study the performance profile of learned index structures, and build an explanation for why learned models achieve such good performance. Finally, we investigate other important properties of learned index structures, such as their performance in multi-threaded systems and their build times.
Inspector gadget
Authors: Heo Geon , Roh Yuji , Hwang Seonghyeon , Lee Dayun , Whang Steven Euijong
Published: October 2020

As machine learning for images becomes democratized in the Software 2.0 era, one of the serious bottlenecks is securing enough labeled data for training. This problem is especially critical in a manufacturing setting where smart factories rely on machine learning for product quality control by analyzing industrial images. Such images are typically large and may only need to be partially analyzed where only a small portion is problematic (e.g., identifying defects on a surface). Since manual labeling these images is expensive, weak supervision is an attractive alternative where the idea is to generate weak labels that are not perfect, but can be produced at scale. Data programming is a recent paradigm in this category where it uses human knowledge in the form of labeling functions and combines them into a generative model. Data programming has been successful in applications based on text or structured data and can also be applied to images usually if one can find a way to convert them into structured data. In this work, we expand the horizon of data programming by directly applying it to images without this conversion, which is a common scenario for industrial applications. We propose Inspector Gadget, an image labeling system that combines crowdsourcing, data augmentation, and data programming to produce weak labels at scale for image classification. We perform experiments on real industrial image datasets and show that Inspector Gadget obtains better performance than other weak-labeling techniques: Snuba, GOGGLES, and self-learning baselines using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) without pre-training.
First Record of Cacopsylla pulchella (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) in Albania
Authors: Çota Ejup , Kovač Marta , Pernek Milan
Published: October 2020

The aim of this study is to identify plant lice Cacopsylla pulchella as a new alien insect in the fauna of Albania. In order to assess the potential of this insect as a pest causing damages on trees, infestation level assessment was used. In the first decade of June 2020 samples were collected at three locations in Albania, where Cercis siliquastrum is grown. Samples were collected and brought to the laboratory for further analysis. Field research was performed to assess distribution and infestation intensity across various localities. The intensity of infestation was assessed by visual examination and was categorized according to previously determined categories. C. pulchella was confirmed on C. siliquastrum in three localities in Albania. Most of the infested trees had a moderate or high intensity of infestation. Compared to the results of other countries, it seems that the Judas trees are under heavy attack in Albania. Librazhd and Elbansn districts had the highest recorded infestation level. Infested trees found in this study should be inspected in the following years and this alien insect should be further monitored in order to estimate its potential of becoming an invasive pest in this country.
The Relationship Between Counseling and Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Among Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women Enrolled in Option B+
Authors: Nutor Jerry John , Slaughter-Acey Jaime C. , Afulani Patience A. , Obimbo Moses M. , Mojola Sanyu A.
Published: October 2020

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between counseling prior to starting antiretroviral treatment (ART) and adherence to treatment among women enrolled in Option B+ in Zambia. Using convenience sampling, 150 HIV+ women enrolled in an Option B+ treatment regimen in rural and urban districts were recruited. Four generalized Poisson regression models were built to assess the association between counseling and adherence to ART. In all, 75% of the participants reported adherence in the past 7 days. In adjusted analyses, there was a significant positive relationship between counseling and adherence in the rural district (prevalence ratio [PR] 2.52, 95% CI [1.19, 5.35], n = 81) but not in the urban district (PR = 0.77, 95% CI [0.15, 3.91], n = 69). Offering counseling prior to initiating antiretroviral treatment to HIV+ women is particularly important for promoting medication adherence in rural settings of low resourced countries.
Meta-synthesis of Qualitative Research of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Adherence Among Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM)
Authors: Ching Su Zhen , Wong Li Ping , Said Mas Ayu Binti , Lim Sin How
Published: October 2020

The aim of the study was to consolidate evidence on barriers and facilitators to PrEP adherence among men who have sex with men. PubMed, Science Direct, and EBSCO host were utilized to search for relevant articles. Six articles from PubMed, published between 2010 and 2018, were reviewed. Thematic analysis was employed to synthesize findings. At the individual level, HIV susceptibility, knowledge of PrEP, and individual lifestyle affected PrEP adherence. At the organizational level, cost of PrEP and quality of PrEP services influenced adherence to PrEP. At the societal level, social stigma, financial assistance or medical insurance, and family and peer support were determinants of PrEP adherence. Facilitators included perceived high risk of HIV infection and payment assistance, while barriers included social stigma and high cost of PrEP. Social stigma and structural level factors such as payment assistance and cost of PrEP need to be examined to ensure optimal adherence to PrEP.
Can each number be specified by a finite text?
Authors: Tsirelson Boris
Published: October 2020

Contrary to popular misconception, the question in the title is far from simple. It involves sets of numbers on the first level, sets of sets of numbers on the second level, and so on, endlessly. The infinite hierarchy of the levels involved distinguishes the concept of "definable number" from such notions as "natural number", "rational number", "algebraic number", "computable number" etc.
Four Portraits, No Retouching
Authors: Fokin Pavel
Published: October 2020

Researchers are still raising questions related to the time and place of shooting of certain portraits in the scarce photographic iconography of F. M. Dostoevsky. First of all, this pertains to a set of early photographs, whose dating ranges between 1857 and 1863, according to various sources. The article offers new arguments in favor of attributing several portraits of F. M. Dostoevsky to 1859. This refers to photographs that captured an image of F. M. Dostoevsky that is unusual for most of his admirers, namely, without a beard. Two of them were taken in Semipalatinsk by the photographer S. A. Leibin, while in one of them F. M. Dostoevsky was captured together with the Kazakh educator Ch. Ch. Valikhanov, whom he befriended during the years of his exile. Another photo has not been precisely attributed. A comprehensive analysis of the details depicted on them, the facts of the biography of Ch. Ch. Valikhanov and the letters of F. M. Dostoevsky allows to date the Semipalatisk photographs with greater accuracy. The article proposes that another one of the portraits taken in Tver was carried out simultaneously with the shooting of the portrait of M. M. Dostoevsky. A comprehensive examination of various details and circumstances also leads to the same conclusions. To date, only a few copies of photographs with Ch. Ch. Valikhanov and a photograph allegedly taken in Tver are known. The original solitary portrait made in Semipalatinsk has been lost. The conducted research allows to assert that other copies of these photographs may exist. The proposed conclusions are made on the basis of a study of the originals of photographs in the collection of The V. I. Dahl State Museum of the History of Russian Literature.
Kualifikasi Calon Legislatif dalam Sistem Proporsional Terbuka Menurut Pandangan Fiqih Siyasah
Authors: Mukhtori Mukhtori , Rahim Abdur
Published: October 2020

Abstract.Elections in Indonesia are considered the most democratic because they can elect legislative candidates directly. The candidate is clearly displayed in the photo. Because it can be seen directly by voters, legislative candidates need qualifications. These qualifications do not only rely on clever speech, handsome or beautiful, rich, popular, or have a large following. Qualifications of legislative candidates according to the view of fiqh siyasah include credibility and balance of the nature of shiddiq, amanah, tablig, fathonah, extensive knowledge which are knotted in basthothan fil ilmi wa al jismi, and have opinions the strong and wisdom wisdom. This open proportional system according to the view of fiqh siyasa was once carried out during the time of the Prophet Muhammad and al-Khulafaur Rasyidin in the election of ahlul halli wa al aqdi.Keywords: system, proportional, qualifications, siyasah Abstrak.Pemilihan Umum di Indonesia dinilai paling demokratis karena dapat memilih calon anggota legislatif secara langsung. Calon tersebut terpampang dalam foto secara jelas. Karena dapat dilihat langsung oleh pemilih, maka calon legislatif memerlukan kualifikasi. Kualifikasi tersebut jangan hanya mengandalkan pandai berpidato, tampan atau cantik, kaya, populer, maupun memiliki pengikut yang banyak. Kualifikasi calon legislatif menurut pandangan fiqih siyasah diantaranya mempunyai  kredibilitas  dan  keseimbangan  sifat  shiddiq, amanah, tablig, fathonah, berpengetahuan yang luas yang tersimpul di dalam basthothan fil ilmi wa al jismi, serta mempunyai pendapat yang kuat dan hikmah kebijaksanaan. Sistem proporsional terbuka ini menurut  pandangan fiqih siyasah pernah dijalankan pada masa Nabi Muhammad saw. dan al-Khulafaur Rasyidin dalam pemilihan ahlul halli wa al aqdi.Kata kunci: sistem, proporsional, kualifikasi, siyasah
Chronic Ulcers and Malnutrition in an African Patient
Authors: Singer Timothy G. , Bray Monica A. , Chan Audrey , Ikeda Saki , Walters Brittany , Fuller Maren Y. , Falco Carla
Published: October 2020

An 11-year-old girl with a congenitally malformed left hand, sickle cell trait, asthma, and history of appendicitis was transferred from Zambia for evaluation and treatment of widespread suppurative and ulcerative skin lesions that typically appeared after trauma to her skin. The ulcers first presented 3 years earlier but had markedly worsened in the 9 months before transfer, spreading circumferentially on her extremities and abdomen at the site of an appendectomy. They were painful and did not resolve with multiple courses of intravenous antibiotics and close management by a pediatric infectious disease specialist working for a nongovernmental organization (NGO) in her home country. Per NGO records, she had previously been  average weight-for-age. On presentation after international transfer, she was severely malnourished, with lesions covering ∼35% of her body. In initial workup, leukocytosis of 21 × 103 cells per μL (79% neutrophils), hemoglobin of 6.1 g/dL, and mean corpuscular volume of 66 fL were found. Iron studies revealed an iron level of 18 μg/dL, ferritin level of 55 ng/mL, total iron binding capacity of 222 μg/dL, and transferrin saturation of 8%. Inflammatory markers were elevated, C-reactive protein was 20.1 mg/dL, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 131 mm/h. A chest computed tomography scan revealed bilateral pulmonary nodules, the largest in her left upper lobe measuring 2.4 × 2.0 × 1.9 cm. Our panel of experts reviews the evaluation and treatment of this patient with extensive suppurative and ulcerative skin lesions and the factors considered in offering charity care to international patients.
GOVERNANCE THROUGH STOCK TRADING IN BRAZIL: EVIDENCE WITH INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS
Authors: VASCONCELOS LUCAS N. C. , MARTINS ORLEANS S.
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Purpose: This paper analyses the viability of stock trading as a mechanism to promote corporate governance, addressing its effects on abnormal returns, information, and firm performance. Originality/value: The study indicates that competition among institutional investors is important to raise stock price efficiency. Policies that allow capital inflow, increase in liquidity, and a link between managers’ salaries and stock performance are beneficial to reinforce the stock market efficiency. Design/methodology/approach: Hypotheses testing using panel data regressions of 233 stocks between December 2009 to December 2017 from Thomson Eikon, Economatica and ComDinheiro. Findings: The results indicate that the number of institutional investors is not related to abnormal returns. On the other hand, the number of institutional investors increases the amount of firm-specific information into stock prices, rising stock market price efficiency. This relationship is stronger among the preferred stocks (PN), but this mechanism is still not valid to increase firms’ operational performance. Despite the possible increase in stock price efficiency, the investors cannot adopt such a mechanism to exercise governance if there is no remuneration linked to performance.
Development and Validation of a Smartphone Application for Orthopedic Residency Education
Authors: Alencar Neto Jonatas Brito de , Araújo Ramille Lima , Barroso Filho Edgar Marçal de , Silva Paulo Goberlândio de Barros , Garrido Renackson Jordelino , Rocha Pedro Henrique Messias da , Rocha Emmanuella Passos Chaves
Published: October 2020

Abstract: Introduction: Mobile learning offers several benefits, such as new learning environments. We developed and validated a smartphone application for orthopedics and traumatology residents in an attempt to assist their study and, consequently, pass the Board of Orthopedics and Traumatology Exam. Methods: quantitative study, aimed at the validation of a mobile application. It was developed for the iOS® and Android® platforms, in the Portuguese language, and free of charge. 132 participants, divided into three groups, used the tool. A validated questionnaire - System SUS Scale (SUS) - and a questionnaire created by the authors (properly validated) were used to assess the practicality and viability of the application as a learning tool. The mode, the absolute frequency and the percentage of the studied variables were crossed by Fisher's test or Pearson's chi-square test. Results: of the 132 participants, 55.3% have iOS®. All participants said they had already used an application on their smartphones, whereas 6 (4.5%) mentioned never having used applications for academic purposes (p value <0.001). 100% said it was a useful technology in the resident's theoretical development. 124 (93.9%) agreed it was an auxiliary learning method for orthopedic doctors in general. An average SUS score of 84.2 (SD 10.8) was obtained with a margin of error of 1.9. The SUS score varied between 82.4 and 86.1 (95% CI). Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.797. Conclusion: the developed application was successful in the tests performed and can be an alternative in medical education in the orthopedic area.
Conhecimento de Discentes do Curso de Graduação em Medicina sobre Vias de Parto
Authors: Leite Yasmin Sendrete de Carvalho Oliveira , Giuliano Erika Cristina Napolitano , Dias Júnior Sérgio Alves , Silva Marcela Souza da , Terra Fábio de Souza , Ribeiro Patrícia Mônica
Published: October 2020

Resumo: Introdução: As taxas de cesáreas no mundo todo têm apresentado valores acima do recomendado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, especialmente no Brasil, e, com isso, trata-se de um problema de saúde pública. As principais causas para esse cenário se encontram na orientação e no suporte fornecidos pelo profissional de saúde, principalmente pelo médico. Assim, a formação do discente de Medicina pode impactar o seu perfil como profissional. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil e o conhecimento de acadêmicos do curso de Medicina de uma universidade pública acerca das vias de parto. Método: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo de natureza descritiva e de corte transversal que se desenvolveu em uma universidade pública do sul de Minas Gerais com 165 acadêmicos do curso de Medicina, do quarto, sexto, oitavo e décimo períodos. Para a coleta de dados, aplicou-se um questionário semiestruturado, contendo 57 questões, após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Os dados foram tabulados e avaliados por meio de frequência e também expressos em porcentagem. Resultados: Constatou-se que 89,09% dos estudantes acertaram a indicação de via de parto no caso de gestantes de baixo risco sem intercorrências, já para a via de parto de gestantes diabéticas e com pré-eclâmpsia, apenas 25,45% e 18,18%, respectivamente, acertaram. Verificou-se também que 75,15% dos estudantes consideram que o uso de mais tecnologia durante o parto o torna mais benéfico para a mãe e o bebê, e 77,58% dos participantes não indicariam a cesariana por causa das comodidades. Conclusões: Pode-se concluir que existem discrepâncias quanto às respostas obtidas pelos participantes do estudo. É importante que novas pesquisas sejam feitas para avaliar as fragilidades na matriz curricular visando formar profissionais médicos que possam contribuir para a mudança do cenário obstétrico do país.
Behavior Change Theories: a New Medical Education Paradigm?
Authors: Rios Leonardo Essado
Published: October 2020

Abstract: A critical perspective on the importance of evidence-based behavior change theories for medical education is presented. Numerous theoretical models have been proposed to explain behavior changes, with two theories currently emerging as a new paradigm, namely the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) and the Prime Theory of Motivation. Behind this is the fact that these theories were proposed based on comprehensive literature review about explanatory models of behavioral changes, in addition to consensus among experts. The basic principle is that any change in behavior necessarily involves three interrelated aspects: capability, opportunity, and motivation. In the present essay, these theories were addressed with a view to problems involving behaviors in medical education, and emphasis on the problem of obsolete teaching practices in the training of health professionals. Assuming that good teachers have a global view of the teaching profession, and not merely of their specialty, interventions to change outdated teaching performances among health educators should start by understanding their motivation to change. It is also necessary to investigate their knowledge and skills about innovative teaching-learning methods (capability), as well as whether the environment supports methodological diversification and innovation (opportunity). In summary, evidence-based behavior change theories may represent a new paradigm for medical education when the goal involves overcoming behavioral problems.
La producción de un territorio desigual en Argentina. Concentración, primacía y macrocefalia
Authors: Schweitzer Mariana
Published: October 2020

Argentina é um país com profundas desigualdades territoriais como resultado da dinâmica de acumulação capitalista. A localização das atividades, da população, das infraestruturas e dos serviços, denota uma heterogeneidade que tem raízes históricas, em conformidade à lógica de ocupação territorial consolidada ao longo dos diferentes modelos de desenvolvimento. No presente trabalho se revisam os conceitos de concentração, primazia e macrocefalia urbana, para logo transportá-los ao processo de produção do território, de concentração territorial em torno à área central do país, de primazia urbana e macrocefalia na Grande Buenos Aires, que junto à Grande Rosário e à Grande Córdoba, concentram mais do 40% da população na Argentina. São revisados os planos e os projetos de políticas públicas que pretenderam e pretendem incidir na heterogeneidade e na desigualdade territorial, sob a premissa de que os mesmos encontrem limites dentro do sistema e do projeto político vigente. Se bem nos últimos anos aconteceram importantes transformações, que incluíram a institucionalidade da planificação urbana e do ordenamento territorial, os resultados tem sido reduzidos e não alcançaram modificar substancialmente a situação.
Queering Teacher Education Through Intergroup Dialogue
Authors: Brown Anthony
Published: October 2020

This article reports on intergroup dialogue as an innovative pedagogical tool to disrupt compulsory heteronormative values among life orientation (LO) students. LO is a school subject that is the study of the self in relation to others and to society. An intergroup dialogue between student teachers and their peers with diverse sexual orientations and gender expressions aimed to explore and understand sexuality differences, foster deeper understanding about issues of oppression and privilege, and build alliances for social change. Using a three-phase approach, the article examines the initial perceptions held about sexual diversity among the student teachers and how dialogue with same-sex sexual desire students enabled an understanding of the everyday realities of bullying and harassment. Six students with diverse sexual orientations and gender expressions, as guest speakers, shared their school experiences with a fourth-year cohort of LO students during sessions for comprehensive sexuality education. Dialogues between these two groups led to an increase in compassion for the repressive experiences of diverse sexual orientations and gender identities and a quest for knowledge on how to facilitate redress. Intergroup dialogue was shown to be a promising pedagogical tool to facilitate critical self-awareness, a shift in dissonance, and a quest for more knowledge to provide an inclusive learning environment for all learners.
Exploring the Anticipated Career Aspirations of Youth in a Rural Secondary School: A Visual Participatory Approach
Authors: du Plessis Andre , Ahmed Leila
Published: October 2020

Within the South African context, a great deal has been written regarding the anticipated career aspirations of youth, with special reference to the non-marginalised. Consequently, there appears to be a paucity of information related to the aspirations of marginalised secondary school youths, especially rural youth. Furthermore, it seems that the majority of aspiration-related research has been quantitative. This qualitative and exploratory study, underpinned by a critical paradigm, is aimed at filling this gap using photovoice, participant-designed PowerPoint text, video presentation, as well as a focus group interview as data generation tools. The findings are presented in two themes, namely, "Hoped for Future That Transcends Current Lived Experiences of the Self, Family, School, and Community" and "Serving as Agents of Hope to Enable Social Change." This paper contributes to the existing body of knowledge regarding the aspirations of secondary school rural youths from a qualitative perspective and is an attempt to sensitise schools, the Department of Basic Education, and greater South African society to the importance of providing a platform for learners to share their aspirations.
American Phenomenology of the Russian Revolution
Authors: Zhuravleva Victoria I.
Published: October 2020

The author, appealing to constructivist approach, focuses on the idea that as it watched the First Russian Revolution unfold, American society lived through its first cycle of hopes (concerning the prospects of Russia’s modernization/westernization) and disappointments (with its results). Based on the analyses of primary sources of different types (first of all, press materials, including political cartoons), this article follows through the distinct stages of these cycles of hopes and disappointments. When the cycle was on the upswing, it was, as a rule, dominated by liberal universalist myths that framed the image of the romantic Russian Other; when the cycle was on the downswing, it was, as a rule, dominated by Russophobic myths that played an important part in maintaining the image of the demonic Russian Other. During the First Russian Revolution, the eagerness to remake the Russian Empire into the image and the likeness of the United States had reached its peak and Russia became the object of the US world-reforming mission. One of the author’s main conclusions is that the first American “crusade” for the democratization of Russia had provided the blueprint for subsequent campaigns: for the liberalization of the Russian Empire in 1917, of the Soviet Union during the Second World War, and of post-Soviet Russia after the fall of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War.
An Analysis of the Optimal Design of Feed-in Tariff Policy for Photovoltaic Investments in Turkey
Authors: KURAL Duygu , ARA AKSOY Shihomi
Published: October 2020

Feed-in Tariff (FIT) is the long-term agreement between governments and firms investing in solar energy, where governments guarantee to purchase the energy produced by firms. This research aims to reveal the optimal FIT design for Photovoltaic (PV) investments in Turkey. Choice Experiment based questionnaire was conducted on solar energy firms to investigate the investment preferences and monetary worth of each FIT component for investors. We found that FIT design with longer contract duration creates positive value for PV investments, while low payment amount per kWh, tax policy for imported PV panels, and license fee decrease the attractiveness of PV investments.