bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Suppresses IL-12p40 Induction via Capsid/gC1qR-Mediated MicroRNAs and Signalings
Authors: Du Qian , Wu Xingchen , Wang Tongtong , Yang Xuefeng , Wang Zhenyu , Niu Yingying , Zhao Xiaomin , Liu Shan-Lu , Tong Dewen , Huang Yong
Published: June 2018

Porcine circovirus (PCV) type 2 (PCV2), an immunosuppression pathogen, is often found to increase the risk of other pathogenic infections. Yet the relative immune mechanisms determining the susceptibility of PCV2-infected animals remain unclear. In this study, we confirmed that PCV2 infection suppressed IL-12p40 expression and host Th1 immune response, leading to a weakened pathogenic clearance upon porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) or Haemophilus parasuis infection. PCV2 infection suppressed pathogens, LPS/IFN-γ, or LPS/R848-induced IL-12p40 expression in porcine alveolar macrophages. PCV2 capsid (Cap) was the major component to suppress IL-12p40 induction by LPS/IFN-γ, LPS/R848, PRRSV, or H. parasuis. Either wild-type PCV2 or mutants PCV2–replicase 1 and PCV type 1–Cap2, which contained PCV2 Cap, significantly decreased IL-12p40 levels and increased the replication of PRRSV and H. parasuis in the lung tissues relative to mock or PCV type 1 infection. gC1qR, a Cap binding protein, was not involved in IL-12p40 induction but mediated the inhibitory effect of PCV2 Cap on IL-12p40 induction. PCV2 also activated PI3K/Akt1 and p38 MAPK signalings to inhibit IL-12p40 expression via inhibition of NF-κB p65 binding to il12B promoter and upregulation of miR-23a and miR-29b. Knockdown of Akt1 and p38 MAPK downregulated miR-23a and miR-29b and increased IL-12p40 expression. Inhibition of miR-23a and miR-29b attenuated the inhibitory effect of PCV2 on IL-12p40 induction, resulting in an increased IL-12p40 expression and Th1 cell population and reduced susceptibility to PRRSV or H. parasuis. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PCV2 infection suppresses IL-12p40 expression to lower host Th1 immunity to increase the risk of other pathogenic infection via gC1qR-mediated PI3K/Akt1 and p38 MAPK signaling activation.
The relationship between foreign direct investment and economic growth in South Africa: Vector error correction analysis
Authors: Masipa Tshepo S.
Published: June 2018

Orientation: From the Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR) strategy of 1996 to the currently implemented National Development Plan (NDP), the need to attract more foreign investors and promote exports in pursuit of economic growth and job creation has been emphasised.Research purpose: It is within this context that the purpose of this article was to determine the nexus between foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and economic growth from 1980 to 2014.Research design, approach and method: The vector error correction model is employed to determine and estimate the long-run relationship between the variables in the model.Main findings: From the findings, it was found that economic growth shares a positive relationship with both FDIs and the real effective exchange rate, while sharing a negative long-run relationship with government expenditure.Practical and managerial implications: The article contributes towards the on going debates on the impact of FDIs on economic growth and job creation in the recipient countries. Accordingly, its findings reinforce the importance of attracting FDIs in South Africa and to what extent they affect economic growth and employment.Contribution or value-add: From a policy perspective, the attraction of foreign investors must target sources that can create jobs and boost the South African economy. It is vital for the government to strengthen its machinery to fight corruption to create an environment conducive for foreign investors. Hence, this article suggests that South Africa’s capacity to grow and create jobs also depends on the country’s performance to enhance gross domestic product growth and attract more FDIs. The attraction of FDIs should, however, not be seen as an end in itself but also as a means of supporting other initiatives such as eradicating poverty and inequalities in South Africa.
Corporate social responsibility as a drive to community development and poverty reduction: A stakeholder approach to development in Zimbabwe
Authors: Muruviwa Addmore T. , Nekhwevha Fhulu H. , Akpan Wilson
Published: June 2018

Background: The emergence of a ‘Southern’ discourse of corporate social responsibility (CSR) highlight the crucial issues of poverty reduction, infrastructure development and the broader questions of social provisioning and community development. Aim: This study builds on existing knowledge to reveal how CSR has become a drive or aid in the community development discourse and poverty reduction mechanisms. This was done through the analysis of major CSR projects by Zimplats mining company. Setting: The study was carried out in Mhondoro-Ngezi, Zimbabwe, which is in a rural setting. Method: The study employed a triangulated design, with data collected using a mini-survey, focus groups and in-depth interviews. Results: The key findings are that the fundamental roles of CSR have been to link it to addressing under-development and poverty reduction issues in developing countries. Conclusion: Through distributional CSR activities, the mining company was able to address the health, educational, employment and water needs of the local people.
La innovación en la rendición de cuentas de los medios de comunicación de servicio público (PSM). El caso de la CCMA
Authors: Marqués-Pascual Joaquín , Fondevila-Gascón Joan-Francesc , Morillo Bentué Juan
Published: June 2018

Se analiza la transparencia de los servicios públicos de radiotelevisión y en especial de los medios de comunicación de titularidad pública (PSM), en concreto los sistemas de gobernanza y Responsabilidad Corporativa de los medios audiovisuales públicos catalanes de la Corporació Catalana de Mitjans Audiovisuals (CCMA). Metodología: Se procede a utilizar técnicas cuantitativas (extraídas de los informes periódicos que presentan los distintos responsables de la CCMA en sus comparecencias públicas) combinadas con cualitativas (una serie de entrevistas en profundidad personalizadas no estructuradas y grabadas). Resultados: se detallan los diversos instrumentos de rendición de cuentas, tanto internos como externos, explicando sus dinámicas internas y mecanismos de control. Conclusiones: sobre los instrumentos de rendición de cuentas analizados, válidos pero estancados desde hace una década, se especifican medidas de innovación ante la necesidad de implementar cambios en muchos de ellos.
Innovación en radiotelevisiones públicas europeas: narrativas inmersivas y organización de los contenidos 360 grados en plataformas digitales
Authors: Pérez-Seijo Sara , Melle Goyanes María , Paniagua Rojano Francisco Javier
Published: June 2018

La incorporación de las narrativas inmersivas en medios ha derivado en nuevos modos de producción y distribución. Este trabajo presenta entonces un análisis sobre las estrategias de organización de vídeos 360º seguidas por las radiotelevisiones públicas europeas en sus plataformas. Metodología. Se han observado y recopilado las páginas webs y los canales de YouTube de las radiodifusoras que implementan las narrativas inmersivas en contenidos no ficción para advertir las tácticas seguidas a la hora de organizar e identificar los vídeos 360º, así como su peso en la difusión. Se han empleado técnicas cuantitativas y se ha diseñado una ficha de análisis para examinar un total de 27 webs y 32 canales de YouTube. Resultados y conclusiones. El estudio concluye que las dos plataformas desempeñan un papel fundamental como vías de difusión y que en ambas se observa una planificación estratégica encaminada a destacar y visibilizar dichos vídeos, aunque más en YouTube.
Регулярные и нерегулярные решения в задаче о дислокациях в твердом теле
Authors: Kaschenko Sergey Aleksandrovich
Published: June 2018

Рассмотрены асимптотические по невязке решения исходного дифференциального уравнения с отклонениями пространственной переменной. Все решения естественным образом разбиваются на классы, регулярно и нерегулярно зависящие от параметров задачи. В различных областях из малой окрестности нулевого состояния равновесия фазового пространства построены специальные нелинейные распределенные уравнения и системы уравнений, зависящие от континуальных семейств некоторых параметров. В частности, показано, что решения исходного пространственного одномерного уравнения можно описать решениями специальных уравнений и систем уравнений шредингеровского типа в пространственно двумерной области изменения аргументов.
Обратная задача для системы интегро-дифференциальных уравнений SH-волн в вязкоупругой пористой среде: глобальная разрешимость
Authors: Durdiev Durdimurod Kalandarovich , Rakhmonov Askar Akhmadovich
Published: June 2018

Рассмотрена система интегро-дифференциальных уравнений SH-волн в вязкоупругой пористой среде. Обратная задача состоит в восстановлении ядра (функции памяти) интегрального слагаемого в уравнении. Эта задача сведена к системе интегральных уравнений, к которой применен принцип сжимающих отображений в пространстве непрерывных функций со взвешенной нормой. Доказано, что существует единственное глобальное решение обратной задачи, и получены оценки его устойчивости.
Evolution of the chemical fingerprint of biomass burning organic aerosol during aging
Authors: Bertrand Amelie , Stefenelli Giulia , Jen Coty N. , Pieber Simone M. , Bruns Emily A. , Ni Haiyan , Temime-Roussel Brice , Slowik Jay G. , Goldstein Allen H. , El Haddad Imad , Baltensperger Urs , Prévôt André S. H. , Wortham Henri , Marchand Nicolas
Published: June 2018

Abstract. A thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatograph coupled to a high resolution – time of flight – aerosol mass spectrometer (TAG-AMS) was connected to an atmospheric chamber for the molecular characterization of the evolution of organic aerosol (OA) emitted by woodstove appliances for residential heating. Two log woodstoves (old and modern) and one pellet stove were operated under typical conditions. Emissions were aged during a time equivalent to 5 h of atmospheric aging. The five to seven samples were collected and analyzed with the TAG-AMS during each experiment. We detected and quantified over 70 compounds, including levoglucosan and nitrocatechols. We calculate the emission factor (EF) of these tracers in the primary emissions and highlight the influence of the combustion efficiency on these emissions. Smoldering combustion contributes to a higher EF and a more complex composition. We also demonstrate the effect of atmospheric aging on the chemical fingerprint. The tracers are sorted into three categories according to the evolution of their concentration: primary compounds, non-conventional primary compounds, and secondary compounds. For each, we provide a quantitative overview of their contribution to the OA mass at different times of the photo-oxidative process.
Impact of high-resolution a priori profiles on satellite-based formaldehyde retrievals
Authors: Kim Si-Wan , Natraj Vijay , Lee Seoyoung , Kwon Hyeong-Ahn , Park Rokjin , de Gouw Joost , Frost Gregory , Kim Jhoon , Stutz Jochen , Trainer Michael , Tsai Catalina , Warneke Carsten
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Formaldehyde (HCHO) is either directly emitted from sources or produced
during the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the troposphere.
It is possible to infer atmospheric HCHO concentrations using space-based
observations, which may be useful for studying emissions and tropospheric
chemistry at urban to global scales depending on the quality of the
retrievals. In the near future, an unprecedented volume of satellite-based
HCHO measurement data will be available from both geostationary and
polar-orbiting platforms. Therefore, it is essential to develop retrieval
methods appropriate for the next-generation satellites that measure at higher
spatial and temporal resolution than the current ones. In this study, we
examine the importance of fine spatial and temporal resolution a priori
profile information on the retrieval by conducting approximately 45 000
radiative transfer (RT) model calculations in the Los Angeles Basin (LA
Basin) megacity. Our analyses suggest that an air mass factor (AMF, a factor
converting observed slant columns to vertical columns) based on fine spatial
and temporal resolution a priori profiles can better capture the spatial
distributions of the enhanced HCHO plumes in an urban area than the nearly
constant AMFs used for current operational products by increasing the columns
by ∼ 50 % in the domain average and up to 100 % at a finer
scale. For this urban area, the AMF values are inversely proportional to the
magnitude of the HCHO mixing ratios in the boundary layer. Using our
optimized model HCHO results in the Los Angeles Basin that mimic the HCHO
retrievals from future geostationary satellites, we illustrate the
effectiveness of HCHO data from geostationary measurements for understanding
and predicting tropospheric ozone and its precursors.
Particle and VOC emission factor measurements for anthropogenic sources in West Africa
Authors: Keita Sekou , Liousse Cathy , Yoboué Véronique , Dominutti Pamela , Guinot Benjamin , Assamoi Eric-Michel , Borbon Agnès , Haslett Sophie L. , Bouvier Laetitia , Colomb Aurélie , Coe Hugh , Akpo Aristide , Adon Jacques , Bahino Julien , Doumbia Madina , Djossou Julien , Galy-Lacaux Corinne , Gardrat Eric , Gnamien Sylvain , Léon Jean F. , Ossohou Money , N'Datchoh E. Touré , Roblou Laurent
Published: June 2018

Abstract. A number of campaigns have been
carried out to establish the emission factors of pollutants from fuel
combustion in West Africa, as part of work package 2 (“Air Pollution and
Health”) of the DACCIWA (Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in
West Africa) FP7 program. Emission sources considered here include wood
(hevea and iroko) and charcoal burning, charcoal making, open trash burning,
and vehicle emissions, including trucks, cars, buses and two-wheeled
vehicles. Emission factors of total particulate matter (TPM), elemental
carbon (EC), primary organic carbon (OC) and volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) have been established. In addition, emission factor measurements were
performed in combustion chambers in order to reproduce field burning
conditions for a tropical hardwood (hevea), and obtain particulate emission
factors by size (PM0.25, PM1, PM2.5 and PM10). Particle
samples were collected on quartz fiber filters and analyzed using gravimetric
method for TPM and thermal methods for EC and OC. The emission factors of 58
VOC species were determined using offline sampling on a sorbent tube.
Emission factor results for two species of tropical hardwood burning of EC,
OC and TPM are 0.98 ± 0.46 g kg−1 of fuel burned (g kg−1),
11.05 ± 4.55 and 41.12 ± 24.62 g kg−1, respectively. For
traffic sources, the highest emission factors among particulate species are
found for the two-wheeled vehicles with two-stroke engines
(2.74 g kg−1 fuel for EC, 65.11 g kg−1 fuel for OC and
496 g kg−1 fuel for TPM). The largest VOC emissions are observed for
two-stroke two-wheeled vehicles, which are up to 3 times higher than
emissions from light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles. Isoprene and monoterpenes,
which are usually associated with biogenic emissions, are present in almost
all anthropogenic sources investigated during this work and could be as
significant as aromatic emissions in wood burning (1 g kg−1 fuel). EC
is primarily emitted in the ultrafine fraction, with 77 % of the total mass
being emitted as particles smaller than 0.25 µm. The particles and
VOC emission factors obtained in this study are generally higher than those
in the literature whose values are discussed in this paper. This study
underlines the important role of in situ measurements in deriving realistic
and representative emission factors.
Future changes in the stratosphere-to-troposphere ozone mass flux and the contribution from climate change and ozone recovery
Authors: Meul Stefanie , Langematz Ulrike , Kröger Philipp , Oberländer-Hayn Sophie , Jöckel Patrick
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Using a state-of-the-art chemistry–climate model we investigate the future change in stratosphere–troposphere exchange (STE) of ozone, the drivers of this change, as well as the future distribution of stratospheric ozone in the troposphere. Supplementary to previous work, our focus is on changes on the monthly scale. The global mean annual influx of stratospheric ozone into the troposphere is projected to increase by 53 % between the years 2000 and 2100 under the RCP8.5 greenhouse gas scenario. The change in ozone mass flux (OMF) into the troposphere is positive throughout the year with maximal increase in the summer months of the respective hemispheres. In the Northern Hemisphere (NH) this summer maximum STE increase is a result of increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations, whilst in the Southern Hemisphere(SH) it is due to equal contributions from decreasing levels of ozone depleting substances (ODS) and increasing GHG concentrations. In the SH the GHG effect is dominating in the winter months. A large ODS-related ozone increase in the SH stratosphere leads to a change in the seasonal breathing term which results in a future decrease of the OMF into the troposphere in the SH in September and October. The resulting distributions of stratospheric ozone in the troposphere differ for the GHG and ODS changes due to the following: (a) ozone input occurs at different regions for GHG- (midlatitudes) and ODS-changes (high latitudes); and (b) stratospheric ozone is more efficiently mixed towards lower tropospheric levels in the case of ODS changes, whereas tropospheric ozone loss rates grow when GHG concentrations rise. The comparison between the moderate RCP6.0 and the extreme RCP8.5 emission scenarios reveals that the annual global OMF trend is smaller in the moderate scenario, but the resulting change in the contribution of ozone with stratospheric origin (O3s) to ozone in the troposphere is of comparable magnitude in both scenarios. This is due to the larger tropospheric ozone precursor emissions and hence ozone production in the RCP8.5 scenario.
Instrument Artifacts Lead to Uncertainties in Parameterizations of Cloud
Condensation Nucleation
Authors: Mirrielees Jessica A. , Brooks Sarah D.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) modulate cloud properties, rainfall location and intensity, and climate forcings. This work assesses uncertainties in CCN measurements and the apparent hygroscopicity parameter (κapp) which is widely used to represent CCN populations in climate models. CCN measurements require accurate operation of three instruments: the CCN instrument, the differential mobility analyzer (DMA), and the condensation particle counter (CPC). Assessment of DMA operation showed that varying the ratio of aerosol to sheath flow from 0.05 to 0.30 resulted in discrepancies between the κapp values calculated from CCN measurements and the literature value. Discrepancies were found to increase from effectively zero to 0.18 for sodium chloride, and from effectively zero to 0.08 for ammonium sulfate. The ratio of excess to sheath flow was also varied, which shifted the downstream aerosol distribution towards smaller particle diameters (for excess flow < sheath flow) or larger particle diameters (for excess flow > sheath flow) than predicted. For the CPC instrument, undercounting occurred at high concentrations, resulting in calculated κapp lower than the literature values. Lastly, undercounting by CCN instruments at high concentration was also assessed, taking the effect of supersaturation on counting efficiency into account. Under recommended operating conditions, the combined DMA, CPC, and CCN uncertainties in κapp are 1.1 % or less for 25 to 200 nm diameter aerosols.
The Effects of
Younger Dryas Orbital Parameter
and Atmospheric
pCO2
Changes on Radiative Forcing and
African
Monsoonal
Circulation
Authors: Hughlett Taylor M. , Winguth Arne M. E. , Rosenbloom Nan
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Differences in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) from the Younger Dryas (YD) to the Holocene can be explained by, but not limited to, factors relating to atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations, discharge of freshwater into the surface ocean, and changes in Earth's orbital parameters. Utilizing the Community Earth System Model (CESM1.0.5) with moderate resolution, this study evaluates how Younger Dryas seasonal and annual radiative forcing affect the climate change and variability. The Younger Dryas to Holocene changes in radiative forcing are mostly attributed to change in orbital parameters and to lesser extent to the relatively small rise in atmosphere pCO2, which is supported by a comparison of model simulations with proxy reconstructions of sea surface temperature and oceanic δ18O. These factors led to increased precipitation and reduced transport of water masses in the North Atlantic Ocean. Atmospheric pCO2 and orbital parameter changes are not substantial enough to explain the transition to the Younger Dryas northern hemispheric cooling. Younger Dryas to Holocene changes in the Monsoonal circulation over the African continent appears to be more affected by changes in orbital parameters than in atmospheric pCO2 but underestimated compared to observed reconstructions from ice and sediment cores. Thus, additional mechanisms such as fresh water hosed-cooling and/or ice sheet-albedo effect need to be considered to explain the Younger Dryas to Holocene climate change and variability.
An adaptive semi-Lagrangian advection model for transport of volcanic emissions in the atmosphere
Authors: Gerwing Elena , Hort Matthias , Behrens Jörn , Langmann Bärbel
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The dispersion of volcanic emissions in the Earth atmosphere is of interest for climate research, air traffic control and human wellbeing. Current volcanic emission dispersion models rely on fixed-grid structures that often are not able to resolve the fine filamented structure of volcanic emissions being transported in the atmosphere. Here we extend an existing adaptive semi-Lagrangian advection model for volcanic emissions including the sedimentation of volcanic ash. The advection of volcanic emissions is driven by a precalculated wind field. For evaluation of the model, the explosive eruption of Mount Pinatubo in June 1991 is chosen, which was one of the largest eruptions in the 20th century. We compare our simulations of the climactic eruption on 15 June 1991 to satellite data of the Pinatubo ash cloud and evaluate different sets of input parameters. We could reproduce the general advection of the Pinatubo ash cloud and, owing to the adaptive mesh, simulations could be performed at a high local resolution while minimizing computational cost. Differences to the observed ash cloud are attributed to uncertainties in the input parameters and the course of Typhoon Yunya, which is probably not completely resolved in the wind data used to drive the model. The best results were achieved for simulations with multiple ash particle sizes.
Diagnosing transit times on the northwestern North Atlantic continental shelf
Authors: Rutherford Krysten , Fennel Katja
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The circulation in the northwestern North Atlantic Ocean is highly complex, characterized by the confluence of two major western boundary current systems and several shelf currents. Here we present the first comprehensive analysis of transport paths and timescales for the northwestern North Atlantic shelf, which is useful for estimating ventilation rates, describing circulation and mixing, characterizing the composition of water masses with respect to different source regions, and elucidating rates and patterns of biogeochemical processing, species dispersal and genetic connectivity. Our analysis uses dye and age tracers within a high-resolution circulation model of the region, divided into 9 sub-regions, to diagnose retention times, transport pathways, and transit times. Retention times are shortest on the Scotian Shelf (~ 3 months) where the inshore and shelf-break branches of the coastal current system result in high along-shelf transport to the southwest. Larger retention times are simulated on the Grand Banks (~ 4 months), in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (~ 12 months) and the Gulf of Maine (~ 6 months). Source water analysis shows that Scotian Shelf water is primarily comprised of waters from the Grand Banks and Gulf of St. Lawrence, with varying composition across the shelf. Contributions from the Gulf of St. Lawrence are larger at near-shore locations, whereas locations near the shelf break have larger contributions from the Grand Banks and slope waters. Waters from the deep slope have little connectivity with the shelf, because the shelf-break current inhibits transport across the shelf break. Grand Banks and Gulf of St. Lawrence waters are therefore dominant controls on biogeochemical properties, and on setting and sustaining planktonic communities on the Scotian Shelf.
Challenging Media (Mis)Representation: An Exploration of Available Models
Authors: Perez Portilla Karla
Published: June 2018

This article is a theoretical analysis aimed at articulating the harm caused by media (mis)representation, and at showing existing ways in which this harm can be contested. The approaches analysed are largely from the United Kingdom. However, the issues they raise are not unique and the models explored are potentially transferable. The examples cover a range of media, including British right-wing press, television and Facebook; and characteristics protected by equality legislation in the UK such as sex, sexual orientation, race, religion and mental health stigma. Crucially, all the initiatives presented demonstrate the group-based nature of media (mis)representations, which cannot be understood and, therefore, cannot be addressed through individualistic approaches. Therefore, the article concludes that the role of groups as the targets of media (mis)representation and as potential claimants should be fully acknowledged and enabled.
Las exigencias de una nueva etapa
Authors: Editor El
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 01, 1988: 3-5
Propuesta metodológica para el análisis de una realidad agraria
Authors: San Sebastián Clement , Touzard Jean Marc , Touzard Lsabelle , Canú Stephane , Faivre Benoit
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 02, 1988: 107-148
"Perestroika": nuevo modelo para el mismo sistema y nuevas relaciones entre distintos sistemas
Authors: Ibisate Francisco Javier
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 03, 1988: 187-224
El comercio no capitalista y su carácter indirectamente subsumido en el capital
Authors: Montoya Aquiles
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 04, 1988: 287-304
Clases y movimientos sociales en El Salvador: caracterización, desarrollo e intervención
Authors: Montes Segundo
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 04, 1988: 305-331
Parcelación o colectivización: dilema de la reforma agraria en El Salvador
Authors: Editor El
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 05, 1988: 363-368
Mercados de trabajo y sub-utilización de la fuerza de trabajo en El Salvador
Authors: Briones Carlos
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 05, 1988: 369-400
La nueva derecha: dilema de la política latinoamericana
Authors: Jiménez C. Edgar
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 05, 1988: 401-412
Estudio de un sistema agrario: el distrito de riego y avenamiento de Zapotitán
Authors: San Sebastian Clement , Canú Stephane , Touzard Jean Marc , Touzard Isabelle , Faivre Benoit
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 05, 1988: 413-451
1989: un nuevo presupuesto de guerra
Authors: Editor El
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 06, 1988: 455-458
Limites y dilemas de la política económica en un país en guerra: el caso de El Salvador
Authors: Segovia Alexander
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 06, 1988: 459-476
El Salvador 1984-1988: guerra civil, economía y política
Authors: Benítez Manaut Raúl
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 06, 1988: 527-540
Hubo elecciones y no se violó la constitución
Authors: Editor El
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 07, 1989: 1-3
La producción agrícola no capitalista y su relación con el capital
Authors: Montoya Aquiles
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 07, 1989: 35-88
Valor y distribución en Adam Smith
Authors: Rivera Campos Roberto
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 08, 1989: 141-165
La tecnología adaptada: entre realidad y el deseo
Authors: Arriola Joaquín
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 08, 1989: 179-201
Déficit fiscal e inflación en El Salvador (1978-1987)
Authors: Trigueros A. Alvaro
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 08, 1989: 203-221
Cambiar para mejorar: ¿qué y cómo?
Authors: Editor El
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 09, 1989: 225-231
Financiamiento externo, deuda y transformación de la estructura productiva de El Salvador en la década de los ochenta: el papel de Estados Unidos
Authors: Rosa Herman , Segovia Alexander
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 09, 1989: 233-275
Estado, crisis y nuevos actores sociales en Centroamérica. El caso de El Salvador
Authors: Montes Segundo
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 10, 1989: 377-395
A diez años del Golpe de Estado del 15 de octubre de 1979
Authors: Editor El
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 11, 1989: 413-417
El neo-liberalismo una negación del liberalismo
Authors: Sebastian Luis de
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 11, 1989: 419-436
Trabajo productivo y trabajo improductivo
Authors: Rodríguez Tomás
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 11, 1989: 489-504
Y seguimos adelante
Authors: Editor El
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 12, 1989: 509-511
Evolución general de la economía salvadoreña durante 1989
Authors: Valenzuela Ulises
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 12, 1989: 519-539
El neo-liberalismo y la privatización de la economía
Authors: Montoya Aquiles
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 12, 1989: 541-548
El uso de las redes sociales...en el trabajo
Authors: Flores Marta
Published: June 2018

No abstract available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 2, 2016: 5-8
Tendencias, crecimiento y pulso Consumer Products & Retail
Authors: El Salvador S.A. de C.V. Ernst & Young
Published: June 2018

No abstract available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 2, 2016: 18-22
La satisfacción laboral y sus implicaciones en la empresa de hoy
Authors: Zelaya Cobos Jorge Alberto
Published: June 2018

No abstract available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 2, 2016: 27-29
Las relaciones interpersonales en la empresa
Authors: Martínez Raúl Antonio
Published: June 2018

No abstracts available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 3, 2017: 37-38
El desarrollo de las competencias profesionales en la empresa salvadoreña. Entrevista al Dr. Emilio Morales catedrático de la Universidad de Loyola, Andalucía, España
Authors: Morales Emilio
Published: June 2018

No abstracts available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 3, 2017: 41-42
Tendencias sector TMT: technology, media & telecommunications
Authors: El Salvador S.A. de C.V. Ernst & Young
Published: June 2018

No abstract available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 4, 2017: 3-12
¿Qué por qué y para qué investigar? Elección del objeto de estudio en los procesos de investigación y su finalidad
Authors: Flores Edwin Ricardo
Published: June 2018

No abstract available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 4, 2017: 34-38
Participation Motivation in University Students Who Engage in Different Team Sports
Authors: Ustun Umit Dogan
Published: June 2018

The aim of this study was to examine the motives for university students who engage in different team sportsmutually. The cross-sectional method was used in the study. The study sample consisted of 280 university studentsfrom Dumlupinar University School of Physical Education and Sports. The participants were chosen according tostratified random sampling method and participated in the study voluntarily. In the study in order to collect dataTurkish version of Gill and colleagues’ Sports Participation Questionnaire was used. In the evaluation of the data inaddition to descriptive statistical methods, MANOVA was used as the hypothesis test. According to MANOVAresults, there were significant differences between the motives for university students in achievement, physicalfitness, skills development and movement/being active factors. The findings of this study can assist intercollegiatecoaches and athletic administrators to understand the motivational patterns of university students for participating insports and allow them to develop strategies which can prevent students from quitting sports participation andexercise.
The Degree of Including International Standards of Science Education in the Physics Syllabus of Palestinian Secondary Schools
Authors: Saleh Naser Inas Aref
Published: June 2018

This study aimed at finding out the degree of including international standards of science education in the physicssyllabus of the secondary stage in Palestinian schools. The sample of the study consisted of the analytical aspect ofthe physics textbooks of the eleventh and twelfth grades. The findings of the study show that the rates of includinginternational standards of science education in these textbooks do not match expectations. The study also shows thatthe criterion of physics ranked first on the study scale among the criteria of content, followed by the criterion ofscience as a survey, and then the criterion of unified concepts and processes of science. However, there is obviousomission of the standards of science and technology, science from personal and societal perspectives, and the historyand nature of science. In light of these results, the researcher recommends the development of the physics syllabus ofthe secondary stage to include international standards. The study, further, calls for more research on the assessmentof physics textbooks and other disciples of science at different educational levels in view of content standards as wellason the impact of including such standards on the learning outputs.
High Throughput Quantification of Quaternary Ammonium Cations in Food Simulants by Flow-Injection Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Yu Longjiao , Malik Sargun , Duncan Timothy V , Jablonski Joseph E
Published: June 2018

Background: A flow-injection MS (FI/MS) method was evaluated for the quantitation of quaternary ammonium cations (QACs) in simple food simulants. Methods: The calibration standard was dimethyldioctadecyl ammonium ion (C18-C18), and the internal standard was benzyldimethylhexadecyl (BDMHD) ammonium ion. Calibration standards based on the C18-C18 ion were prepared in ethanol with a range of 5 to 500 ppb and contained 100 ppb BDMHD. The mobile phase was 90 + 10 (v/v) acetonitrile–5 mM aqueous ammonium acetate and flowed directly into an electrospray source of the mass spectrometer. Detection was accomplished by single ion recording (SIR) in positive mode. Results: Calibration curves were linear with coefficients of determination above 0.995, and the LOQ was 5 ppb. Recoveries of four QACs derived from Arquad 2HT-75, a commercially available surfactant, were measured in common food simulants: ethanol, water, 10% (v/v) ethanol in water, and 3% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid. A solvent exchange procedure was employed for the three aqueous solvents, which included complete evaporation of the sample followed by reconstitution in ethanol prior to injection. The solvent exchange method minimized losses because of QAC adsorption on glass surfaces. Recoveries ranged from 74.4 ± 4.0 to 106.7 ± 6.6% for the two most abundant Arquad 2HT-75 component cations, dimethyldioctadecyl ammonium and dimethyloctadecyl-hexadecyl ammonium. Conclusions: This method is suitable to quantify trace levels of QACs in food simulants as part of exposure evaluations related to their use in emerging food contact materials.
Review of the Determination of the Antioxidant Activity of Foods, Food Ingredients, and Dietary Supplements by Thin Layer Chromatography-Direct Bioautography, Spectrometry, and the Dot-Blot Procedure
Authors: Sherma Joseph
Published: June 2018

This paper reviews a selection of the most important studies on antioxidants in foods (including beverages), food ingredients, and dietary supplements by effect-directed analysis using TLC with DPPH*, ABTS*+, and β-carotene direct bioautography. Total antioxidant activity by visible mode spectrometry (colorimetry) with TLC used offline to obtain additional analytical results, mostly for identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in samples, is also discussed. Finally, dot-blot assay for total antioxidant activity, carried out on a TLC plate without mobile-phase development, is reviewed as an alternative with possible advantages compared with spectrometry.
“Until there is a cure, there is care”: A person-centered approach to supporting the wellbeing of people with Motor Neurone Disease and their family carers
Authors: Aoun Samar M , Hogden Anne , Kho Lay K
Published: June 2018

Background: There is a lack of interventional studies to support the psychosocial wellbeing of people with MND (PwMND) and their family carers. Moreover, their experiences with the models of care already provided by ALS/MND voluntary organisations have not been well investigated.Objectives: To report on a person-centered model of care, the MND Advisory Service, designed to support the needs of PwMND and their family carers, to explore their experiences with the service they received and to identify which aspects of this service were most needed and valued by the service users.Methods: Participants were recruited from the MND Association in Western Australia. PwMND and carers were invited to separately complete anonymous postal surveys (2015-17), using a mixed method design comprising quantitative and open-ended questions.Results: The average response rate across the 3 years was 38% (138 patients and 117 carers); 84-89% of both groups felt more supported and cared for as a result of the service and 79-82% felt they were able to make more informed decisions to manage their health and wellbeing. Ninety percent of both groups found the MND Advisory Service of high value practically and emotionally, especially the personal contact and time dedicated to the visit, with 86-88% stating that the service had met their expectations.Conclusions: Two unique features of this service, not provided by other services to the same extent, are the emotional benefit to both groups and the particular focus on the family carers’ needs.  Until such person-centered models of care are properly investigated through the experiences of their users, erratic changes in care funding will pose a threat to their effective operation and even viability. The drive to find a cure should not detract from the fact that PwMND and their families still need to be supported physically and psychologically until then.
A Space for Boys and Books: Guys Read Book Clubs
Authors: Nichols-Besel Kristen , Scharber Cassandra , O’Brien David G. , Dillon Deborah R.
Published: June 2018

The well-documented gender achievement gap continues to receive popular as well as scholarly attention. Fueling this attention are international and national test scores that continue to illustrate that boys, regardless of age, income, race, or ethnicity, trail girls in reading assessments.While we acknowledge that there is a gender gap in reading achievement between males and females, we remain unconvinced that gender is the only factor; gender is a social and cultural construction, and these considerations must be included in understanding this phenomenon. We were extended a unique opportunity to experience and evaluate a literacy initiative that was created in response to the perceived “crisis” in boys’ literacy—Guys Read book clubs. This article offers an inside glimpse into the out-of-school world of boys and books, which can inform in-school reading practices for both boys and girls.
Private vs. Public: Entrepreneurial Library Services for Children in China
Authors: Jablonski Jon
Published: June 2018

At 8:30 on a cold November Sunday morning in 2014, I met Echo Liu in southern Beijing, an hour’s drive away, far from the renovated alleyways and Forbidden City of the city center.Echo and a handful of helpers were busy preparing her children’s library, a library that she owns and operates as a private business, for a 9 a.m. storytime and craft activity that would feature a foreign visitor.
A utilização do Instagram por atletas olímpicos brasileiros: perfil traçado por uma análise de imagens
Authors: Oliveira Vivian De , Aroni André Luis , Ribeiro Luciana Botelho , Morão Kauan Galvão , Machado Afonso Antonio
Published: June 2018

O Instagram é um aplicativo de rede social que possibilita ao usuário editar as fotos realizadas por meio de dispositivos móveis e compartilhá-las com o mundo, sendo hoje a segunda maior rede social em número de usuários. Diante desse fenômeno, o objetivo do estudo foi verificar o conteúdo das fotos postadas no Instagram por atletas olímpicos brasileiros. Foram analisadas por um período de quatro meses as fotos postadas pelos atletas que foram medalhistas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Londres, baseando-se nos pressupostos da Sociologia Visual. Como principais resultados, encontramos que há uma relação entre o número de postagens e o total de seguidores. Verificamos também que o maior número de fotos postadas é dos próprios atletas, em ambientes de trabalho e em momentos de descontração.  Na maioria das fotos não há referência aos patrocinadores dos atletas, destaque ao corpo ou a vestimenta dos mesmos.
FORMALIZACIÓN DE UN MARCO METODOLÓGICO PARA LA IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE UN PROYECTO EDUCATIVO VIRTUAL ACCESIBLE
Authors: Amado-Salvatierra Héctor Roderico , Hilera González José , Otón Tortosa Salvador
Published: June 2018

La educación enfrenta una constante evolución y la adopción de las nuevas tecnologías de información y comunicación (TICs) en las actividades académicas se refleja en la inclusión de cursos en modalidad virtual en el proceso formativo. Sin embargo, factores de accesibilidad de las plataformas y los cursos virtuales no se han tomado en cuenta en el  proceso formativo, en especial en países en desarrollo que no cuentan con legislación que incentive a tomar en cuenta la accesibilidad que representa un magnífico beneficio para estudiantes con discapacidad.En este trabajo se propone un marco metodológico de referencia para tomar en cuenta la accesibilidad en los diferentes procesos del ciclo de  vida de un proyecto educativo virtual. La metodología propuesta se ha basado en una norma de estandarización internacional y ha sido complementada con experiencias prácticas implementando cursos virtuales en diferentes contextos.Con el objetivo de validar el marco metodológico, un curso de formación virtual accesible para docentes ha sido preparado. La metodología ha sido validada con un proceso iterativo de tres fases, recolectando comentarios y sugerencias de los distintos actores involucrados en el proceso formativo para mejorar la comprensión y facilidad de uso de la misma. En el marco de una iniciativa de cooperación entre universidades europeas y latinoamericanas, la metodología ha sido difundida mediante un proceso de formación docente a gran escala. Un total de 12 ediciones del curso preparado han sido impartidas, 8 ediciones en formato semipresencial y 4 online. Un total de 1.182 docentes han sido formados (509 hombres y 673 mujeres). Este trabajo aporta una metodología basada en un marco para la descripción de la calidad de procesos de formación. Esto permitirá que cualquier institución pueda tomar como referencia esta metodología y realizar las adaptaciones necesarias para incorporar la accesibilidad en sus procesos de producción de cursos virtuales.
OPINIÓN DEL PROFESORADO SOBRE LAS FORTALEZAS Y DEBILIDADES DE LAS EVALUACIONES EXTERNAS DE APRENDIZAJE EN ESPAÑA
Authors: Monarca Héctor , Fernández-Agüero María
Published: June 2018

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar las fortalezas y debilidades que, según la opinión del profesorado de centros de educación primaria y educación secundaria obligatoria, tienen las evaluaciones externas de España. Para ello se han analizado las dos preguntas abiertas de un cuestionario más amplio orientadas a identificar las opiniones sobre estas fortalezas y debilidades. Del total de respuestas obtenidas se han seleccionado las 1.607 correspondientes a 5 Comunidades Autónomas repartidas de la siguiente manera: 321 de Andalucía, 445 de Cataluña,  239 de Galicia, 491 de Madrid y 111 del País Vasco. La aplicación del cuestionario se inicia poco antes de aprobarse la nueva Ley Orgánica para la Mejora de la Calidad Educativa (LOMCE), aunque el debate en torno a ella ya llevaba al menos un año dentro de la comunidad educativa, un rasgo que define el contexto en el que se desarrolló la encuesta. Las respuestas obtenidas fueron codificadas y categorizadas mediante un proceso inductivo-deductivo que ha seguido la siguiente secuencia: I- Fuente de Información, II- Códigos emergentes, III- Categorías y IV- Dimensiones.La información ha sido tratada de acuerdo con las siguientes variables: a) «Comunidad Autónoma», b) «Etapa Educativa» (Educación Primaria y Educación Secundaria Obligatoria), y c) «Función principal desempeñada» en el centro por quien ha respondido la encuesta (miembro del equipo directivo y resto de profesores). Los resultados muestran que, en términos generales, hay mayor porcentaje de respuestas que hacen mención a efectos negativos que a positivos. Dentro de las fortalezas destaca la función diagnóstica que pueden tener las evaluaciones externas y dentro de las debilidades destaca especialmente la descontextualización de estas pruebas. El análisis muestra importantes diferencias por comunidad autónoma y, en algunos casos, también por función principal desempeñada por el que ha contestado la encuesta.