bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination and improvement of the quality of separately collected bio-waste from households
Authors: Adam Josef , Wellacher Martin , Azizi Ferozan , Loidl Alexandra , Zöscher Andreas , Poschacher Franz , Pomberger Roland , Tischberger-Aldrian Alexia
Published: August 2024

The recycling of bio-waste from households is an essential factor in achieving the recycling quotas for municipal waste laid down by the EU. A major problem is posed by impurities in the bio-waste collected, such as plastics, metals and glass. It is virtually impossible for compost producers to produce quality-assured compost from bio-waste with an impurity content of more than 3 wt%OS. The draft of the new Austrian Compost Ordinance stipulates a limit of 2 wt%OS of interfering substances in accepted bio-waste. A rapid measurement method has been developed and comprehensively validated for the immediate on-site checking of contaminant content at the bio-waste bin or in a vehicles. Data on the type and amount of impurities collected in the course of sorting analyses carried out over several years in 10 selected areas in Styria, Austria showed an average impurity content of 2.1 wt%OS. This impurity content can be considered representative for rural and urban communities in Austria. Among the interfering substances, plastics predominate, at 53%, of which pre-collection bags made of plastics form the highest proportion. A more detailed examination of pre-collection bags shows a higher proportion of use of biodegradable plastic bags, which have become more numerous in recent years in the more rural communities. In order to reduce mis-sorting, the effect of a wide variety of measures on citizens was tested in selected areas. Here, the distribution of paper bags as well as the threat of a cost increase due to special collections in combination with distribution of these bags were the methods with the greatest effect. Motivational letters and the threat of special collections, however, showed no significant result.
The quest for genuine self-knowledge: An investigation into individual differences in the self-insight motive
Authors: Heine Christoph , Schmukle Stefan C , Dufner Michael
Published: August 2024

The self-insight motive (SIM; also known under the label self-assessment motive) describes the dispositional tendency to strive for accurate self-knowledge. The current research includes five multimethodological studies (total N = 3667) that comprehensively investigated the SIM’s nomological network, its antecedents, and cognitive-behavioral consequences, comprising longitudinal, round-robin, and population-representative data. Among the personality correlates of the SIM were curiosity, the intimacy and self-improvement motives, private self-consciousness, narcissistic admiration, and openness to experience. Further, the SIM was more pronounced among younger and highly educated people. A key environmental antecedent of the SIM was the instability of life circumstances, in the sense that the motive became stronger after life circumstances had changed. Concerning the cognitive-behavioral consequences, the results suggest that the SIM fosters feedback-seeking behavior. Nevertheless, the motive was not linked to more accurate self-perception across three studies. We discuss several reasons for this unexpected finding.
An experimental validation study of a numerical modeling approach to predicting post-consolidation dimensions of thermoplastic composites
Authors: Kobler Eva , Birtha János , Marschik Christian , Straka Klaus , Steinbichler Georg
Published: August 2024

Consolidation is an important step in the processing of thermoplastic unidirectional (UD) tapes, as it creates a bond between individual tapes to form a semi-finished sheet: The tape stack is first heated and then cooled, both while being subjected to pressure. If the material is in a soft or even molten state and its flow unrestricted, this compression can result in squeeze flow, the direction of which is determined by the fibers of the tapes. Extensive squeeze flow not only results in significant changes in part geometry to the point where it may fail to meet design and application specifications but can also lead to severe distortion and residual stresses. To address this, we developed a model that, given the process parameters and fiber orientation, predicts the effects of squeeze flow. Based on experimental data on UD polycarbonate tapes with 44% carbon fibers by volume consolidated at various process settings, this paper presents the validation of the model for industrial application. We found that at low heating temperatures, where the matrix viscosity is too high and prevents the material from flowing, the simulation results deviated markedly from the experimental data. With these temperatures excluded, however, the overall deviation of the model was 8.7% for thickness change and 5.3% for area change.
Institutional influences on healthcare service innovation: Lessons from German rehabilitation clinics
Authors: Kriegl Bettina , Woratschek Herbert , Raab Andrea
Published: August 2024

In view of the growing need for rehabilitation worldwide due to demographic changes and health trends, healthcare organizations are facing increasing pressure to innovate. This study focuses on the institutional dynamics shaping service innovation in orthopedic rehabilitation settings in Germany. Using Scott’s framework of institutional pillars and carriers, we conduct a multiple case study analysis. Based on interviews with physicians and managers from six different clinics, conducted in two rounds and supplemented by secondary data analysis, we investigate the influence of regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive institutions on healthcare service innovation. By distinguishing between the various institutional barriers and facilitators, our research provides valuable insights for healthcare practitioners and managers, equipping them with the necessary knowledge to effectively navigate and utilize the institutional environment.
A practical postprocessor with compensation of tool clamping errors for five-axis tool grinding machine
Authors: Wang Hongyang , Liu Xianli , Yue Caixu , Jiang Zhipeng
Published: August 2024

The runout of the cutting edge significantly affects the cutting force, wear, and the process stability. Generally, the postprocessor of five-axis tool grinding machine ignores the clamping error of blank. Hence, this paper developed a postprocessor method with compensation of tool clamping errors to minimize runout of cutting edge for tool grinding machine. This method includes the kinematic model and the measurement model of clamping error for the tool grinding machine. This kinematic model converts CL data into NC data and converts NC data into CL data. The measurement model for measuring and calculating the clamping error of blank. The clamping error was inputted into the kinematic model of machine to compensate the clamping error. The solution strategy of the kinematic model was built, and is suitable for five-axis tool grinding machine. A postprocessor was subsequently developed according to the algorithm presented. Finally, the effectiveness of postprocessor was confirmed by the grinding experiment.
Research on airfoil surface flow structure testing based on Tuft velocity measurement method
Authors: Du Hai , Gui Hongping , Li Gang , Qiao Peng , Jiang Hao , Yang Zhangyi , Qi Bin
Published: August 2024

Fluorescent tuft visualization technology, as a practical and convenient technique, has attracted widespread attention. In this study, a novel fluorescent tuft velocity measurement method is developed based on existing technologies. This method involves the recognition of tuft deflection angles, image transformation, block processing, temporal averaging, and post-visualization processing. Additionally, quantitative measurement of flow field velocity is achieved through tuft calibration. The study begins by comparing tufts of different materials, examining both fluorescent and deflection characteristics to determine optimal tuft parameters. The impact of tuft length on deflection characteristics is also investigated. Finally, the cotton tuft with a length of 7 mm and a diameter of about 0.1 mm was obtained as the best tuft sought in this experiment. Subsequently, at Reynolds number Re = 1.7 × 105, airfoil surface flow field visualization and quantitative analysis are conducted, exploring the relationship between airfoil surface flow structure and aerodynamics at different angles of attack. Finally, a comparative study is conducted between tuft velocity results and oil flow visualization experiments, as well as particle image velocimetry experiments, confirming the feasibility of the fluorescent tuft velocity measurement method.
Study of electrocardiographic corrected QT interval and QT dispersion abnormalities, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum uric acid in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Vijaykumar Shinde Vikrant , G Gopikrishna , Nandi Dhruva , Kumar JS
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease having a variety of clinical symptoms because of multiple organs being affected at once or progressively over time. Cardiovascular system (CVS) involvement is the third most frequent cause of death in SLE, among other factors. The prognosis can be determined by looking at QT interval measurements, which have shown an elevated risk of mortality from cardiovascular causes.

Methods

A case-control study was conducted on 80 patients (40 SLE patients and 40 controls) for a duration of 16 months. SLE patients and controls were identified from the general medicine and rheumatology outpatient department (OPD) based on the inclusion criteria. A thorough clinical examination was performed after obtaining a detailed clinical history. Baseline blood tests were then performed on the SLE patients and ECG was taken from both cases and controls. The serum uric acid level was measured using an automated analyzer, and the ESR was computed using Westergren’s Method. The corrected QT interval (QTc) was estimated using Bazett’s method. All the collected data were compared and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 23.0.

Results

The majority of age distribution among SLE patients and controls was 21–25 years (37.5%) (Mean - 15.7 ± 14.9 years). Duration of SLE was predominantly reported between 1 and 12 months (62.5%). Very high (40%) and high (40%) lupus disease activity was recorded in the majority as per the SELENA-SLEDAI score. There was a significant difference between QTc values among SLE patients and controls (t- 8.117) ( p-.0005). Upon correlating SLEDAI with the QTc, QTd, ESR, and Uric acid parameters among the SLE patients, ESR parameters were found to be moderately correlated (r-0.460) with the SLEDAI which was statistically significant ( p- .003).

Conclusion

QTc interval and ESR values can be a simple and potential method for early detection of cardiac involvement in SLE patients with active disease activity. This will not only facilitate early diagnosis of disease activity, but it will also provide an affordable and accessible avenue for low and middle-income countries to decrease the SLE burden.
Classical sorting algorithms as a model of morphogenesis: Self-sorting arrays reveal unexpected competencies in a minimal model of basal intelligence
Authors: Zhang Taining , Goldstein Adam , Levin Michael
Published: August 2024

The Diverse Intelligence research seeks to understand commonalities in behavioral competencies across a wide range of implementations. Especially interesting are simple systems that provide unexpected examples of memory, decision-making, or problem-solving in substrates that at first glance do not appear to be complex enough to implement such capabilities. We seek to develop tools to determine minimal requirements for such capabilities, and to learn to recognize and predict basal forms of intelligence in unconventional substrates. Here, we apply novel analyses to the behavior of classical sorting algorithms—short pieces of code studied for many decades. To study these sorting algorithms as a model of biological morphogenesis and its competencies, we break two formerly ubiquitous assumptions: top-down control (instead, each element within an array of numbers can exert minimal agency and implement sorting policies from the bottom up), and fully reliable hardware (instead, allowing elements to be “damaged” and fail to execute the algorithm). We quantitatively characterize sorting activity as traversal of a problem space, showing that arrays of autonomous elements sort themselves more reliably and robustly than traditional implementations in the presence of errors. Moreover, we find the ability to temporarily reduce progress in order to navigate around a defect, and unexpected clustering behavior among elements in chimeric arrays consisting of two different algorithms. The discovery of emergent problem-solving capacities in simple, familiar algorithms contributes a new perspective showing how basal forms of intelligence can emerge in simple systems without being explicitly encoded in their underlying mechanics.
Self-Efficacy and Life Satisfaction in Adolescence: Testing the Presumed Role of Individualism–Collectivism
Authors: Kwon Hye Won , Kim Ji Hye
Published: August 2024

Previous studies suggest a positive association between self-efficacy and subjective well-being. However, these investigations depend on the dichotomy between East Asian and Western cultures, often without directly examining the influence of cultural orientation. This raises questions: How do the psychological benefits of adolescent self-efficacy vary across countries, and to what extent does this variance relate to countries’ cultural orientations? To address these questions, the current study analyzed a sample of 15-year-old students across 66 countries ( N = 427,584) drawn from the 2018 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) data. As expected, we found that higher self-efficacy was related to better life satisfaction among adolescents in every country studied. Notably, the beneficial role of self-efficacy varies based on cultural context: The relationship between self-efficacy and adolescent life satisfaction is stronger in individualistic than collectivistic countries. These findings suggest that cultural environment is important for understanding adolescent social-psychological well-being and potentially offer broader implications for global mental health initiatives.
“Defend your children, they can be taken by two gay men”: A scoping review of the conflating and diversionary discourses used in same-sex marriage debates
Authors: Mills Xavier J
Published: August 2024

The use of direct popular votes such as plebiscites, referendums, and postal surveys to determine the right of same-sex couples to marry have proliferated in recent years, particularly across the Global North. By including the public in the decision-making process, serious debates have been fermented about the morality of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) rights. Based on a scoping review of the available English language literature, this paper maps the key findings from 24 peer reviewed studies to offer a cross-national analysis of conflating and diversionary discourses used by pro- and anti-SSM advocates. This paper finds that despite ostensibly being about LGBTQ + sexual rights, these debates commonly conflate SSM with other unsubstantiated ‘threats’, categorised here as operating across the global, national, and individual levels. The findings suggest that SSM debates consistently conflated the issue with international human rights discourses, alongside notions of ‘race’, gender, family, and reproduction as a strategy to garner public opinion. This study reveals a complex network of discourses where the rights of LGBTQ + people are continuously harnessed for political agendas extending beyond the specific efforts to legislate SSM. This paper concludes with the limitations of this review and possible directions for future research.
“Were in this together” - NGO advocacy and LGBTQ+ asylum claimants: Intimate/care citizenship as co-presence and imagined equality
Authors: Pullen Christopher , Franklin Ieuan
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the work of regional NGO organisations in the UK that explicitly support LGBTQ + asylum claimants, framing the testimonials of both service providers and service users, in considering issues of co-presence, and imagined equality, that may be experienced between the parties. While framing the cultural and political environment at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, and critiquing citizenship as a purely hegemonic nationalistic concept by drawing from theories of “intimate citizenship” and “Care-tizenship”, this paper considers the dynamics of collective advocacy. Offering an intersectional approach that frames issues of sexuality, gender, race, ethnicity, religion and regionality, the authors consider the significance of co-presence related to citizenship, that affords an optimistic sense of equality when LGBTQ + service providers support LGBTQ + asylum claimants.
Rethinking news trust in post-truth Turkey: Immediacy as the imagined affordance of television and search engines
Authors: Koçer Suncem , Özkan Nazlı
Published: August 2024

In today’s post-truth world, news users grapple with the tension between growing distrust in news institutions and the need for “true” information. Based on a mixed-methods study conducted in Turkey, this paper examines strategies developed by news users to establish trust in media tools in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and populist polarization. We first collected data with a nationally representative survey ( N = 1089). Then, 30 media users filled out media diaries for 1 week. We interviewed diary participants at the end of the week. We also conducted a four-week-long participant observation in three locations. Based on this data, we argue that users build trust in news stories by attributing a sense of immediacy to specific media, namely television and search engines. This immediacy arises from people’s desire to scrutinize the accuracy of news stories in Turkey’s highly polarized media environment. We term this ascribed meaning of transparency the imagined affordance of immediacy, asserting that immediacy is crucial for forming trust in the post-truth era. Contrary to suggestions that news trust is diminishing in the post-truth era, our paper highlights citizens’ creative strategies to reestablish trust in contemporary news media.
The urban aesthetics of graffiti murals: reproducing wall space in China’s urban renewal
Authors: Zhang Jiayin , Deng Huilin , Lin Mingliang , Wang Min
Published: August 2024

In China, as in the West in recent decades to a lesser degree, the semantics of ‘graffiti’ have gradually become an alternative term for graffiti murals in urban renewal. Graffiti murals, through various renewal strategies, reproduce the wall spaces of old towns, factories and villages in Chinese urban areas, giving rise to diverse aesthetic attitudes. Taking Guangzhou, China, as a case study, this article utilizes graffiti mural images defined as ‘graffiti’ by people on social media as the basic material. Visual research methods such as photo evaluation and eye-tracking experiments are employed to analyse the aesthetic attitudes and mechanisms of mainstream street art, which in fact differ from traditional graffiti. The study reveals that people perceive different types of graffiti mural spaces in various ways, with a more positive aesthetic attitude towards urban mural landscapes that exhibit aesthetic coherence. Viewers with embodied practice experiences in ‘graffiti’ show stronger aesthetic emotions compared to those who have not visited the case study location. These differences are further influenced by the aesthetic atmosphere of the environment and the aesthetic practices of different subjects onsite, deviating slightly from the spatial aesthetic operational logic of traditional graffiti. From various perspectives on Chinese ‘graffiti’, the visual methodology constructed in this study provides new insights for the aesthetic management of urban renewal.
Experience of Pelvic Examination and Uptake of Gynecological Care Following Domestic or Sexual Violence: a Systematic Review
Authors: Iraola Elisabeth , Menard Jean-Pierre , Chariot Patrick
Published: August 2024

Pelvic examination, a routine practice for gynecological care, can cause anxiety and be considered traumatic. This study aimed to define the association between domestic or sexual violence and the experience of pelvic examination, as well as the uptake of gynecological care following domestic or sexual violence. Pubmed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched, up to April 30, 2023. Cohort, cross-sectional, case-control studies and controlled trials assessing perception of pelvic examination or the use of gynecological care for women with a history of violence were selected and analyzed. Each study underwent a descriptive analysis and was assessed for bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and the RoB2 tool. Twenty-three articles met the inclusion criteria. Eleven studies, including 7,329 women, investigated the experience of pelvic examination following lifetime or childhood sexual violence. Most reported an association between violence and adverse experiences of pelvic examination, such as discomfort, anxiety, distress, and pain perceptions. Ten studies, including 9,248 women, investigated the uptake of gynecological care following domestic or sexual violence and reported mixed results, such as a decreased or an increased uptake, particularly for acute symptoms. Two studies, including 1,304 women, examined both outcomes. The present study highlights the association between violence and adverse experiences of pelvic examination, as well as mixed results on the uptake of gynecological care. It argues for the necessity to screen for violence in consultations, particularly when considering a pelvic examination, to guarantee the utility of pelvic examinations, and to consider the traumatic impact of sexual violence in care.
Validating Chicana/o/x and Latina/o/x Students Through University “Entradas” at a Hispanic Serving Institution (HSI)
Authors: Cano Matute Arlene , Meza Alexis , Claassen Thrush Elizabeth , Rodriguez Louie F.
Published: August 2024

Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs) across the US are working to identify and scale practices that intentionally serve the unique needs of Chicana/o/x and Latina/o/x student scholars. This study centers the voices of graduating undergraduate Chicana/o/x/Latina/o/x students as they reflect on their experiences at an HSI, sharing physical, academic, and social “entradas” that opened the “camino” to their academic success.
High-Frequency rTMS Broadly Ameliorates Working Memory and Cognitive Symptoms in Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Liu Yuanwen , Ai Yinan , Cao Jie , Cheng Qilin , Hu Hongwu , Luo Jing , Zeng Lei , Zhang Shuxian , Fang Jie , Huang Li , Zheng Haiqing , Hu Xiquan
Published: August 2024

Objective

To explore the efficacy and tolerability of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of post-stroke working memory (WM) impairment and its changes in brain function.

Methods

In the present randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled design, 10 Hz rTMS was administered to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of patients with post-stroke WM impairment for 14 days. Measures included WM (primary outcome), comprehensive neuropsychological tests, and the functional near-infrared spectroscopy test. Patients were assessed at baseline, after the intervention (week 2), and 4 weeks after treatment cessation (week 6).

Results

Of 123 stroke patients, 82 finished the trial. The rTMS group showed more WM improvement at week 2 ( t = 5.55, P < .001) and week 6 ( t = 2.11, P = .045) than the sham group. Most of the neuropsychological test scores were markedly improved in the rTMS group. In particular, the rTMS group exhibited significantly higher oxygenated hemoglobin content and significantly stronger functional connectivity in the left DLPFC, right pre-motor cortex (PMC), and right superior parietal lobule (SPL) at weeks 2 and 6. Dropout rates were equal (18% [9/50 cases] in each group), and headaches were the most common side effect (rTMS: 36% [18/50 cases]; sham: 30% [15/50 cases]).

Conclusions

High-frequency rTMS was effective in improving post-stroke WM impairment, with good tolerability, and the efficacy lasted up to 4 weeks, which may be due to the activation of the left DLPFC, right PMC, and right SPL brain regions and their synergistic enhancement of neural remodeling.
Exploring frustration: Insights from Israeli elementary school principals’ diverse perspectives
Authors: Dor-Haim Peleg
Published: August 2024

Despite the extensive exploration of emotions in educational leadership, the sense of frustration among school principals remains understudied. Educational leaders encounter a unique form of frustration as they navigate through high responsibility, restricted authority, and a distinct altruistic motivation. The study aims to understand the varied reasons and meanings attributed to feeling of frustration among elementary school principals, addressing two central questions: (1) What do elementary school principals note as the reasons for their feelings of frustration at work? (2) What are the different expressions that elementary school principals attribute to their sense of frustration? Nineteen semistructured face-to-face interviews unveil four key themes: Bearing the responsibility alone, a sense of powerlessness and lack of authority, criticism from stakeholders, and confronting multiple demands. The findings provide valuable insights into the nuanced nature of principals’ perceived sources of frustration in their professional roles.
Perioperative surveillance of myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery in patients with hip fracture: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ishimaru Naoto , Waki Takahiro , Shimokawa Toshio , Mizuki Shimpei , Ohnishi Jun , Kanzawa Yohei , Nakajima Takahiro , Yano Tomonori , Ito Kenjiro , Oe Keisuke , Kinami Saori
Published: August 2024

Myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery is due to ischaemia either during non-cardiac surgery or within 30 days after it. Our surveillance protocol includes hip fracture template and high-sensitivity troponin stratification, as recommended in European countries. Our retrospective study cohort included surgical patients for hip fracture at our hospital in Japan. The primary outcome was the rate of myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery in comparison to patients managed with (213) and without (176) hip fracture template. The hip fracture template was used more in patients with myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery than those without myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery. When hip fracture template was used, patients had a higher likelihood of myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery after adjusting for age, time to operation, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease (odds ratio 41.3; 95% confidence interval: 12.1, 259.6). Patients with myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery had higher in-hospital mortality than those without myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery, even in adjusted analysis. There was a high detection rate of myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery when patients with hip fractures were managed with hip fracture template. Myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery was associated with in-hospital mortality.
The impact of early perioperative heparin-free anticoagulation for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on bleeding and thrombotic events in lung transplantation: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Qi Zhijiang , Gu Sichao , Yu Xin , Zhang Zeyu , Cui Xiaoyang , Li Changlong , Li Min , Zhan Qingyuan
Published: August 2024

Background:

Perioperative heparin-free anticoagulation extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for lung transplantation is rarely reported.

Objective:

To evaluate the impact of a heparin-free strategy on bleeding and thrombotic events, blood transfusion, and coagulation function during the early perioperative period and on prognosis, and to observe its effect on different ECMO types.

Design:

A retrospective cohort study.

Methods:

Data were collected from 324 lung transplantation patients undergoing early perioperative heparin-free ECMO between August 2017 and July 2022. Clinical data including perioperative bleeding and thrombotic events, blood product transfusion, coagulation indicators and 1-year survival were analysed.

Results:

Patients were divided in venovenous (VV; n = 251), venoarterial (VA; n = 40) and venovenous-arterial (VV-A; n = 33) groups. The VV group had the lowest intraoperative bleeding and thoracic drainage within 24 h postoperatively. Vein thrombosis occurred in 30.2% of patients within 10 days postoperatively or 1 week after ECMO withdrawal, and no significant difference was found among the three groups. Double lung transplantation, increased intraoperative bleeding, and increased postoperative drainage were associated with vein thrombosis. Except for acute myocardial infarction in one patient, no other serious thrombotic events occurred. The VV-ECMO group had the lowest demand for blood transfusion. The highest prothrombin time and the lowest fibrinogen levels were observed in the VA group during ECMO run, while the highest platelet counts were found in the VV group. Both intraoperative bleeding and thoracic drainage within 24 h postoperatively were independent predictors for 1-year survival, and no thrombosis-related deaths occurred.

Conclusion:

Short-term heparin-free anticoagulation, particularly VV-ECMO, did not result in serious thrombotic events or thrombosis-related deaths, indicating that it is a safe and feasible strategy for perioperative ECMO in lung transplantation.
Comparison of ureteoroscopy and laser stone fragmentation between Holmium: YAG laser with MOSES versus non-MOSES technology: a prospective single-center propensity score-matched analysis using similar laser settings
Authors: Jahrreiss Victoria , Ripa Francesco , Cerrato Clara , Nedbal Carlotta , Pietropaolo Amelia , Somani Bhaskar
Published: August 2024

Background:

In vitro studies have shown that the holmium Modulated Optics Enhancement Systems (MOSES) technology can lead to an increase in the efficacy of lithotripsy and a reduction of retropulsion, but clinical evidence comparing it to non-MOSES technology is still scarce. We did a comparison of ureteoroscopy and laser stone fragmentation (URSL) between Holmium:YAG laser with MOSES versus non-MOSES technologies.

Methods:

Patient data and outcomes were prospectively collected and analyzed regarding patient demographics, stone parameters, and clinical outcomes. Patients undergoing URSL with standard holmium laser without MOSES technology (Group 1) were compared to holmium laser with MOSES (Group 2) using the same clinical laser settings (0.4–1 J, 20–40 Hz) with dusting and pop-dusting technique. The independent t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Chi-squared test were used, with a p-value of < 0.05 as significant. Given the different sizes of the cohorts, we performed a propensity score 1:1 matched analysis.

Results:

A total of 206 patients (1:1 matched) with a male:female ratio of 94:112 and a median age of 56 (range: 39–68) years were analyzed. Groups 1 and 2 were matched for ureteric stones (27.7% and 22.3%, p = 0.42), pre-stenting (37% and 35%, p = 0.66), the mean number of stones (1.76 ± 1.3) and (1.82 ± 1.4, p = 0.73), and ureteral access sheath use (37% and 35%, p = 0.77) respectively. While there was no significant statistical difference in clinical outcomes, the stone size was slightly larger in Group 2, 14.8 ± 10.8 mm vs 11.7 ± 8.0 mm, for a lower operative time 42.7 ± 30.6 min versus 48.5 ± 25 min, lower perioperative complication rates 3.9% versus 4.9% and a higher stone-free rate 90.3% versus 87.4%.

Conclusion:

While the use of MOSES technology was slightly beneficial for the treatment of stones in terms of clinical outcomes, this was not statistically significant. As this debate continues, there is a need for high-quality randomized studies to show if there is a true difference in these outcomes.
Assessment of timber engineering needs and practices in Bhutan: A comprehensive study
Authors: Tenzin Rigden Yoezer , Tamang Phurba , Dorji Lobzang , Lhuendup Tshewang , Lhendup Samten
Published: August 2024

A survey was conducted to explore the intensity of timber usage and evaluate the knowledge and experiences amongst working professional timber handlers in Bhutan. Subsequently, a need assessment survey was carried out to understand the need and demand for certification courses in timber engineering in the country. Despite having an abundant timber resource and massive usage, Bhutan still needs to gain expertise in timber engineering. This study involved 90 respondents from timber processing, construction and manufacturing sectors across 12 districts in the country. Twenty-one respondents are timber technocrats who have significantly contributed to timber associate infrastructure, while 61 are from the Wood-based Industries, specifically from the timber manufacturing sectors. The key findings from this survey observed several barriers to timber use that include limited knowledge amongst designers, clients and construction companies, alongside concerns about durability and fire resistance. As per the findings, these challenges could be addressed through a dedicated timber engineering course, an idea supported by participants, with 80% of manufacturing professionals and 55–60% of others. The respondents also highlighted the demand for timber testing facilities in the country. This research underscores the need for timber engineering expertise in Bhutan's construction industry.
Artificial intelligence in the educational stages from kindergarten to university: A systematic review of Arab studies from 2010 to 2023
Authors: Alakabawy Basant A
Published: August 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly being used at different stages of teaching and learning, from kindergarten to university education, to enhance the learning and development of learners. Research has proven that AI can perform multiple roles aimed at effectively facilitating learning and improving performance. However, there is a scarcity of studies on how these studies are conducted and how AI is used in kindergarten compared to other levels. Studies and research published in Arabic on AI in education were reviewed. Although there are few studies in kindergarten. The current review reflects the issues and trends of research in AI in the stages of education that researchers have recently addressed in Arab countries. This can easily and efficiently draw the attention of other researchers to these issues. 207 research papers published in various Arab countries were reviewed during the period from 2010 to 2023 to explore the roles and trends of AI in education. Three main issues were identified: research, interaction, and performance according to the technology-based learning model. It turns out that studies focused more on comparing learning with AI to find more effective learning methods with traditional education methods, on the stages of university education, and on the aspects of cognition, skills and affect. Some suggestions have been presented for future research on AI in educational stages, to serve as a reference for researchers to conduct related research.
Machine learning-based prognostic model for in-hospital mortality of aortic dissection: Insights from an intensive care medicine perspective
Authors: Lei Jiahao , Zhang Zhuojing , Li Yixuan , Wu Zhaoyu , Pu Hongji , Xu Zhijue , Yang Xinrui , Hu Jiateng , Liu Guang , Qiu Peng , Chen Tao , Lu Xinwu
Published: August 2024

Objective

Aortic dissection (AD) is a severe emergency with high morbidity and mortality, necessitating strict monitoring and management. This retrospective study aimed to identify prognostic factors and establish predictive models for in-hospital mortality among AD patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods

We retrieved ICU admission records of AD patients from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV critical care data set and the eICU Collaborative Research Database. Functional data analysis was further applied to estimate continuous vital sign processes, and variables associated with in-hospital mortality were identified through univariate analyses. Subsequently, we employed multivariable logistic regression and machine learning techniques, including simple decision tree, random forest (RF), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) to develop prognostic models for in-hospital mortality.

Results

Given 643 ICU admissions from MIMIC-IV and 501 admissions from eICU, 29 and 28 prognostic factors were identified from each database through univariate analyses, respectively. For prognostic model construction, 507 MIMIC-IV admissions were divided into 406 (80%) for training and 101 (20%) for internal validation, and 87 eICU admissions were included as an external validation group. Of the four models tested, the RF consistently exhibited the best performance among different variable subsets, boasting area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.870 and 0.850. The models highlighted the mean 24-h fluid intake as the most potent prognostic factor.

Conclusions

The current prognostic models effectively forecasted in-hospital mortality among AD patients, and they pinpointed noteworthy prognostic factors, including initial blood pressure upon ICU admission and mean 24-h fluid intake.
Clinical Outcomes Affecting Return to Play Following Latarjet Procedure in Young Contact and Limited Contact Athletes
Authors: Sridharan Mathangi , Patel Akshar , Katayama Erryk , Swinehart Dane , Rauck Ryan C. , Cvetanovich Gregory L. , Bishop Julie Y.
Published: August 2024

Background:

Several studies have examined return to play (RTP) and outcomes following the Latarjet procedure in contact athletes.

Purpose:

To investigate clinical outcomes affecting RTP following the Latarjet procedure in contact athletes.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A total of 67 contact athletes (72 shoulders) ≤35 years old who underwent Latarjet procedure for recurrent shoulder instability between January 1, 2018, and March 31, 2022, were retrospectively identified. Demographic information, medical history, surgical history, number of dislocations before surgery, and postoperative complications up to 6 months after surgery were reviewed. Outcomes evaluated included RTP, competition level, satisfaction, and patient-reported outcomes including visual analog scale for pain, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) Score, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scores.

Results:

There were a total of 67 patients (72 shoulders) included in the study with a mean age at surgery of 19.7 years for all shoulders. Of the total cohort, 46 patients (50 shoulders; [69.4%]) were available for follow-up by phone. Of the 46 patients contacted by phone, 22/46 were football players; 30/50 [60.0% of all shoulders]) were contact athletes and 19/46 [41.3%] limited contact athletes) were interviewed with a mean follow-up of 25.5 months (range, 10-49 months). Of 72 patients, 22 (30.6% of shoulders and 32.8% of patients) patients had prior shoulder surgery, most commonly arthroscopic stabilization. Only 1 patient experienced hardware failure, but this did not require reoperation. Sixteen of 46 (35%) athletes competed at the collegiate level, and 24/46 (52%) were high school athletes at the time of surgery; 34 of 46 patients (74%) returned to play, of which 30 of the 34 (88%) returned to playing at the same competition level; 15 of 22 (68%) football players returned to play. Only 4 of 51 (8%) reported subjective recurrent instability. Postoperative mean ASES score was 92.2, DASH score was 5.6, and visual analog scale for pain score was 4 (range, 0-50). A total of 43 of 46 (93%) patients reported improvement in quality of life after undergoing the Latarjet procedure for shoulder instability. Eight of 72 (11.1%) shoulders had unresolved pain or stiffness 6 months postoperatively, and 2 of 72 (2.8%) required revisions.

Conclusion:

Patient RTP, outcomes, and satisfaction were high following the Latarjet procedure in young contact athletes.
Book review: Satendra Kumar, Popular Democracy and the Politics of Caste: Rise of the Other Backward Classes in India
Authors: Khandekar Vaishali
Published: August 2024

Satendra Kumar, Popular Democracy and the Politics of Caste: Rise of the Other Backward Classes in India. New Delhi, Routledge India, 2022, xiv + 137 pp., ₹1295 (Hardcover), ISBN 9781032669113. DOI:10.4324/9781003323013
Fostering Literacy Skills Through Authentic Integration in K-8 Music Classrooms
Authors: Johnson Daniel C. , Harney Kristin , Languell-Pudelka Amorette B. , Kanzler Caroline
Published: August 2024

The natural rhythm and inflection of language offer multiple and authentic ways for music teachers to connect their curriculum with learning in English Language Arts (ELA). While still addressing the National Core Arts Standards, music teachers can connect with ELA skills such as reading, writing, and speaking-listening. In this article, we explore these interdisciplinary intersections and suggest ways in which music teachers can meaningfully and effectively design instruction for authentic integration throughout the K-8 grades. Our focus is to promote integrated music education as a form of professional learning for music teachers. By designing multimodal activities that focus on standards-based learning outcomes, they can also support student success across the curriculum.
Evaluation of effectiveness resistance genes in wheat genotypes using marker-assisted selection for stripe rust resistance breeding”
Authors: Shahin Atef A. , Omara Reda I. , Omar Hend A. , El-Din Heba Saad , Sehsah Mohamed D. , Essa Tarek , Zayton Marwa A. , Omar Hanaa S.
Published: August 2024

Stripe rust, induced by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is the most harmful and prevalent disease in temperate regions worldwide, affecting wheat production areas globally. An effective strategy for controlling the disease involves enhancing genetic resistance against stripe rust, achieved through Egyptian breeding efforts not previously conducted on wheat genotypes. The resistance level to stripe rust in thirty-eight wheat genotypes was assessed using marker-assisted selection methods. The investigation suggests that wheat breeding programs can utilize slow-rusting Yr genes, which are effective resistance genes, to develop novel genotypes with stripe rust resistance through marker-assisted breeding. Based on the four disease responses of the wheat genotypes under investigation, the results categorized the genotypes into three groups. The first group included resistant genotypes, the second group exhibited a slow-rusting character with the lowest disease symptom rates, and the last group displayed the highest disease characteristics rates throughout the three seasons, comprising fast-rusting genotypes. The rust-resistant genes identified were Yr5, Yr9, Yr10, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr29, Yr30, and Yr36. Genes Yr26, Yr30, and Yr36 were present in all genotypes. Genotypes Misr3, Misr4, Giza168, Giza167, Giza170, Giza171, Gemmeiza9, and Gemmeiza10 carried the Yr9 gene. Only one genotype, Sids13, was found to have the Yr17 gene. Genes Yr18 and Yr29 were identified in Sids14, Giza168, Giza170, Gemmeiza9, and Gemmeiza10. However, none of the wheat genotypes showed the presence of Yr5, Yr10, or Yr15. Several backcrossing generations were conducted to introduce the Yr5 and Yr10 genes into susceptible genotypes (Misr1, Misr2, and Gemmeiza11). These genotypes are cultivated globally and are known for producing high-quality flour, making them of great importance to farmers. The study demonstrates significant potential for enhancing wheat genotypes for stripe rust resistance and increased production.
High myoglobin level as an independent risk factor for death in elderly patients with critical COVID-19 infection: a retrospective case-control study
Authors: Sun Xiaoxiao , Zhang Hui , Zhang Meixian , Fei Miaomiao , Xiong Lize , Li Cheng
Published: August 2024

Aim

This study aimed to discover risk factors for death in patients with critical COVID-19 infection in order to identify patients with a higher risk of death at an early stage.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with critical COVID-19 infection from April 2022 to June 2022. Data were collected from the electronic medical records. Propensity matching scores were used to reduce the effect of confounding factors, such as patient baseline variables. Independent risk factors affecting patient prognosis were assessed using univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Restricted cubic spline curves were used to assess the relationship between independent and dependent variables.

Results

The data of 132 patients with critical COVID-19 infection were included in the study. Of the 132 patients, 79 survived and 53 died. Among laboratory indicators, patients who died had higher proportions of abnormalities in procalcitonin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, cardiac troponin I, and myoglobin. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses suggested that abnormal AST (OR = 4.98, P = 0.02), creatinine (OR = 7.93, P = 0.021), and myoglobin (OR = 103.08, P = 0.002) were independent risk factors for death. After correction for AST and creatinine, a linear relationship between myoglobin and risk of death in patients was found using restricted cubic splines.

Conclusion

High myoglobin level is an independent risk factor for death and is therefore a prognostic marker in elderly patients with severe COVID-19 infection.